bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Note on the New “Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics” Data from the U.S. Census Bureau
Authors: Hawley Clifford B.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Assessing Family Loss in Wrongful Death Litigation: The Special Roles of Lost Services and Personal Consumption
Authors: Vernarelli Michael J.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Litigation Services Handbook: The Role of the Financial Expert
Authors: Polhemus Jennifer L.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Labor Shortages as America Approaches the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Thornton Robert J.
Published: July 2010

No abstract available.
Characterization of particle cloud droplet activity and composition in the free troposphere and the boundary layer during INTEX-B
Authors: Roberts G. C. , Day D. A. , Russell L. M. , Dunlea E. J. , Jimenez J. L. , Tomlinson J. M. , Collins D. R. , Shinozuka Y. , Clarke A. D.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), aerosol size distributions, and submicron aerosol composition were made as part of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Phase B (INTEX-B) campaign during spring 2006. Measurements were conducted from an aircraft platform over the northeastern Pacific and western North America with a focus on how the transport and evolution of Asian pollution across the Pacific Ocean affected CCN properties. A broad range of air masses were sampled and here we focus on three distinct air mass types defined geographically: the Pacific free troposphere (FT), the marine boundary layer (MBL), and the polluted continental boundary layer in the California Central Valley (CCV). These observations add to the few observations of CCN in the FT. CCN concentrations showed a large range of concentrations between air masses, however CCN activity was similar for the MBL and CCV (κ~0.2–0.25). FT air masses showed evidence of long-range transport from Asia and CCN activity was consistently higher than for the boundary layer air masses. Bulk chemical measurements predicted CCN activity reasonably well for the CCV and FT air masses. Decreasing trends in κ with organic mass fraction were observed for the combination of the FT and CCV air masses and can be explained by the measured soluble inorganic chemical components. Changes in hygroscopicity associated with differences in the non-refractory organic composition were too small to be distinguished from the simultaneous changes in inorganic ion composition in the FT and MBL, although measurements for the large organic fractions (0.6–0.8) found in the CCV showed values of the organic fraction hygroscopicity consistent with other polluted regions (κorg~0.1–0.2). A comparison of CCN-derived κ (for particles at the critical diameter) to H-TDMA-derived κ (for particles at 100 nm diameter) showed similar trends, however the CCN-derived κ values were significantly higher.
Relating tropical ocean clouds to moist processes using water vapor isotope measurements
Authors: Lee J. , Worden J. , Noone D. , Bowman K. , Eldering A. , LeGrande A. , Li J.-L. F. , Schmidt G. , Sodemann H.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. We examine the co-variations of tropospheric water vapor, its isotopic composition and cloud types and relate these distributions to tropospheric mixing and distillation models using satellite observations from the Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) over the summertime tropical ocean. Interpretation of these process distributions must take into account the sensitivity of the TES isotope and water vapor measurements to variations in cloud, water, and temperature amount. Consequently, comparisons are made between cloud-types based on the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISSCP) classification; these are clear sky, non-precipitating (e.g., cumulus), boundary layer (e.g., stratocumulus), and precipitating clouds (e.g. regions of deep convection). In general, we find that the free tropospheric vapor over tropical oceans does not strictly follow a Rayleigh model in which air parcels become more dry and isotopically depleted through condensation. Instead, mixing processes related to convection as well as subsidence, and re-evaporation of rainfall associated with organized deep convection all play significant roles in controlling the water vapor distribution. The relative role of these moisture processes are examined for different tropical oceanic regions.
Chemical composition of rainwater at Maldives Climate Observatory at Hanimaadhoo (MCOH)
Authors: Das R. , Granat L. , Leck C. , Praveen P. S. , Rodhe H.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Water soluble inorganic components in rain deposited at the Maldives Climate Observatory Hanimaadhoo (MCOH) were examined to determine seasonality and possible source regions. The study, which is part of the international Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC) project, covers the period June 2005 to December 2007. Air mass trajectories were used to separate the data into situations with transport of air from the Asian continent during winter (December–April) and those with southerly flow from the Indian Ocean during the monsoon season (June–September). The concentrations of nss-SO42−, NH4+, NO3− and H+ were more than a factor of 4 higher in winter than during the monsoon season. This shows a pronounced influence of continental pollutants during winter. The average rainwater pH was significantly lower in winter (4.7) than during the monsoon (6.0). The lower pH in winter is probably due to a more rapid decrease in the alkaline components than in the acidifying components as air is transported southwards over the Indian Ocean. The moderately high loadings of nss-SO42− during the monsoon season, supported by our measurements of Methane sulphonate (MSA), indicate that Dimethyl sulphide (DMS) is likely to contribute substantially to the nss-SO42− concentration during this season. The origin of the high concentration of nss-Ca2+ during the monsoon season – a factor of 4 to 7 higher than during the winter situations with trajectories from the continent – is unclear. We discuss various possibilities including long-range transport from the African or Australian continents, calcareous plankton debris and exopolymer gels emitted from the ocean surface. The occurrence of NO3− and NH4+ during the monsoon season suggests emissions from the ocean surface. Part of the NO3− could also be associated with lightning over the ocean. Despite the fact that the concentrations of nss-SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ were highest during the winter season their wet deposition was at least as high during the monsoon season reflecting the larger amount of rainfall in this season. The annual wet deposition of these components was comparable to that observed in the eastern US and in India but substantially higher than what has been observed on Amsterdam Island in the Southern Indian Ocean.
A flume experiment on the effect of constriction shape on the formation of forced pools
Authors: Thompson D. M. , McCarrick C. R.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. A series of 18 flume runs were conducted in a 6-m long, 0.5-m wide recirculating flume with a bed gradient of 0.8% to determine the influence of obstruction shape on the formation and characteristics of forced pools. Six different-shaped obstructions were added to the flume with the maximum width of the obstruction held constant at 20 cm, which equaled a 40% constriction of flow. The obstruction shapes used included a square, a rectangle, a right triangle with the hypotenuse-facing upstream, a right triangle with the hypotenuse-facing downstream, a combination of a square and triangle with the hypotenuse-facing upstream, and a rectangle and semi-circle shape. Three flume runs were conducted with each obstruction shape. A profile of the flume bed was taken after each experiment and a grid measurement of bed elevations for the last run were conducted to create topographic maps of the flume bed to compare pool-riffle morphologies. ANOVA results indicate pool depth, pool location, and the distance between the pool center and the riffle crest all vary with the obstruction shape. Obstructions with a more blunt upstream face created deeper pools, more total scour and longer pool-riffle sequence lengths than pools formed by obstructions with a more gradual narrowing of flow. The increased volume of scour associated with obstructions that rapidly narrow flow also creates larger volume riffles that cover a greater extent of the channel bed.
Label‐free tracking of cytochrome C oxidation state in live cells by resonance Raman imaging
Authors: Szczesny‐Malysiak Ewa , Bartkowiak Amanda , Dybas Jakub
Published: May 2024

Free interconversion of cytochrome C (CytC) between native ferrous (Cyt‐FeII) and oxidized ferric (CytC‐FeIII) states is necessary to maintain the respiratory function of mitochondria. Disturbances in CytC‐FeIII to total CytC ratio may indicate mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Thus, tracking CytC oxidation state delivers important information about cellular physiology. In this work, we propose a novel methodology based on resonance Raman (rR) imaging optimized uniquely to track and qualitatively analyze the transition of Cyt‐FeII to CytC‐FeIII within live cells without affecting their morphology. None of the commonly used excitation lines allows such clear‐cut differentiation, contrary to the 405 nm applied in this work. The presented methodology provides a novel pathway in the label‐free detection of ferrous and ferric heme proteins.
Printing Completely Conformal Liquid Metal Circuits on Arbitrary Curved Surfaces via Customized Conformal Mask
Authors: Chen Jiayun , Jiang Bochuan , Dong Shaotong , Li Min , Ma Yinji , Zhang Shuo , Li Yuhang
Published: May 2024

Due to the excellent mechanical adaptability to curved surfaces and high circuit flexibility, conformal electronics have been developed for extensive applications including aeronautics and wearable electronics. However, conventional methods for fabricating conformal circuits are often constrained by planar structures, limiting the design flexibility and applicability of electronic devices on more complex and varied surfaces. Herein, a facial approach is proposed by combining a 3D‐printed customized conformal mask with liquid metal inkjet printing, to establish the completely conformal liquid alloy circuits’ printing technique on arbitrary curved surfaces. A 2D transient mathematical model is developed to simulate the particle deposition process during inkjet printing and the form of the circuits on curved surfaces is predicted. Moreover, parameters such as line resistance and cross‐sectional morphology of liquid metal circuits on both deformable and nondeformable surfaces are characterized. Various conformal liquid metal circuits, such as contour lines, expressions, text patterns, light‐emitting diode (LED) array illumination patterns, and multichannel pressure array intelligent skin on curved surfaces, are demonstrated. Compared to traditional conformal electronics manufacturing methods, this new approach offers the advantages of simple process, flexibility, low cost (within $0.01 cm−2), and high efficiency (exceeding 1 cm2 s−1), making it suitable for mass conformal electronics production.
Ligand‐Assisted Growth of 2D Perovskite Single Crystal for Highly Sensitive X‐Ray Detectors
Authors: Feng Xiaolong , Zhang Lu , Zhang Bobo , You Jiaxue , Li Kun , Zeng Hanqing , Wang Xiaofang , Dai Zhonghua , Jia Shilong , Bao Haibo , Wang Shujie , Liu Shengzhong
Published: May 2024

The emerging 2D layered perovskites have promising optoelectronic properties, good intrinsic stability and reduced ion migration, making them effective for detecting X‐ray radiation. However, their application is constrained by poor out‐of‐plane carrier transport. In this study, inch‐sized high‐quality CsPb2Br5 layered single crystals (SCs) are developed using an organic ligand‐assisted solution process. By modifying the surface energy, the anisotropy of crystal growth is conquered, resulting in CsPb2Br5 SCs with sufficient thickness for X‐ray detection. Importantly, this modification significantly enhanced the crystal quality as the grown CsPb2Br5 SCs exhibited longer photoluminescence lifetime and smaller trap density. Notably, the CsPb2Br5 SCs demonstrate unprecedented out‐of‐plane carrier transport, achieving a high carrier mobility‐lifetime product of 2.53 × 10−2 cm2V−1. This can be attributed to the small interlayer distance and the strong interlayer force of Cs─Br bonding. Furthermore, CsPb2Br5 SCs possess other intriguing attributes for X‐ray detection, including high bulk resistivity and outstanding thermal stability. These advantageous properties enable high‐performance vertical‐structure X‐ray detection with a superior sensitivity of up to 8865.6 µC Gyair−1cm−2 and a low detectable dose rate of 12.7 nGyairs−1. Additionally, CsPb2Br5 SCs exhibit high spatial resolution in X‐ray imaging and exceptional thermal stability, making them promising candidates for nondestructive determination.
Low Modulus Coupling Circuits: A Feasible Strategy for Achieving Highly Sensitive Linear Pressure Sensing in Fiber Crossbars
Authors: Qu Xiangyang , Zhang Shengming , Zhu Zixuan , Han Zhiliang , Li Jing , Deng Lili , Zhou Zhou , Zhang Tao , Guan Mengyao , Wang Huaping , Chen Shiyan
Published: May 2024

Fiber crossbars are an emerging architecture in electronic devices, and they have become the favored fundamental units for state‐of‐the‐art smart textiles. Fiber crossbar sensors with high linearity can provide more realistic pressure feedback, faster circuit response time, and simpler data processing systems. However, due to the unique crossbar structure, replicating existing linear response strategies presents challenges. To address this issue, a fiber crossbar sensor is prepared that incorporates a low modulus coupling circuit (LCFS). The hollow conductive network significantly reduces the sensor's electrode modulus, thereby enhancing its initial sensitivity. The coupling of the parallel and series circuits within the fiber crossbar maintains a linear increase in capacitance. As a result, propelled by the low modulus coupling circuit, the LCFS achieves a highly sensitive linear response. This strategy, independent of intricate microstructures in dielectric layers, has significant implications for fiber crossbar sensor design. Experimental tests and theoretical analyses confirm the effectiveness of this linear response strategy. Because of its high sensitivity and linearity, the LCFS consistently generates reliable and discernible pulse signals, unaffected by pre‐pressures. This empowers the LCFS to recognize various pulse patterns in Chinese medicine, heralding promising applications in daily health monitoring.
A Living Microecological Hydrogel with Microbiota Remodeling and Immune Reinstatement for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Yang Xiaopeng , Che Tingting , Tian Shasha , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zheng Yin , Zhang Yufei , Zhang Xinge , Wu Zhongming
Published: May 2024

Dysregulated skin microbiota and compromised immune responses are the major etiological factors for non‐healing diabetic wounds. Current antibacterial strategies fail to orchestrate immune responses and indiscriminately eradicate bacteria at the wound site, exacerbating the imbalance of microbiota. Drawing inspiration from the beneficial impacts that probiotics possess on microbiota, a living microecological hydrogel containing Lactobacillus plantarum and fructooligosaccharide (LP/FOS@Gel) is formulated to remodel dysregulated skin microbiota and reinstate compromised immune responses, cultivating a conducive environment for optimal wound healing. LP/FOS@Gel acts as an “evocator,” skillfully integrating the skin microecology, promoting the proliferation of Lactobacillus, Ralstonia, Muribaculum, Bacillus, and Allobaculum, while eradicating colonized pathogenic bacteria. Concurrently, LP/FOS@Gel continuously generates lactic acid to elicit a reparative macrophage response and impede the activation of the nuclear factor kappa‐B pathway, effectively alleviating inflammation. As an intelligent microecological system, LP/FOS@Gel reinstates the skin's sovereignty during the healing process and effectively orchestrates the harmonious dialogue between the host immune system and microorganisms, thereby fostering the healing of diabetic infectious wounds. These remarkable attributes render LP/FOS@Gel highly advantageous for pragmatic clinical applications.
Precursor‐Engineered Volatile Inks Enable Reliable Blade‐Coating of Cesium–Formamidinium Perovskites Toward Fully Printed Solar Modules
Authors: Du Tian , Rehm Viktor , Qiu Shudi , Pal Subhajit , Jang Dongju , Peng Zijian , Zhang Jiyun , Yuan Haozhen , Briscoe Joe , Heiss Wolfgang , Brabec Christoph J. , Egelhaaf Hans‐Joachim
Published: May 2024

Reliable fabrication of large‐area perovskite films with antisolvent‐free printing techniques requires high‐volatility solvents, such as 2‐methoxyethanol (2ME), to formulate precursor inks. However, the fabrication of high‐quality cesium–formamidinium (Cs–FA) perovskites has been hampered using volatile solvents due to their poor coordination with the perovskite precursors. Here, this issue is resolved by re‐formulating a 2ME‐based Cs0.05FA0.95PbI3 ink using pre‐synthesized single crystals as the precursor instead of the conventional mixture of raw powders. The key to obtaining high‐quality Cs–FA films lies in the removal of colloidal particles from the ink and hence the suppression of colloid‐induced heterogeneous nucleation, which kinetically facilitates the growth of as‐formed crystals toward larger grains and improved film crystallinity. Employing the precursor‐engineered volatile ink in the vacuum‐free, fully printing processing of solar cells (with carbon electrode), a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.3%, a T80 (80% of initial PCE) of 1000 h in ISOS‐L‐2I (85 °C/1 Sun) aging test and a substantially reduced bill of materials are obtained. The reliable coating methodology ultimately enables the fabrication of carbon‐electrode mini solar modules with a stabilized PCE of 16.2% (average 15.6%) representing the record value among the fully printed counterparts and a key milestone toward meeting the objectives for a scalable photovoltaic technology.
Durable and Active Nitrogen‐Coordinated Iron Single‐Atom Catalyst for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Through Carbon Encapsulation
Authors: Na Geumbi , Hwang Wonchan , Shin Heejong , Park Subin , Park Ji Eun , Lee Jongmin , Shin Yoojin , Choi Hosung , Shim Jaehyuk , Yeom Kyungbeen , Sung Yung‐Eun
Published: May 2024

Significant advancements in the activity of nitrogen‐coordinated iron single‐atom catalysts (Fe–N–C) have attracted attention as potential alternatives to Pt‐based cathodes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. However, their limited stability in acidic environments hinders their practical application. Moreover, achieving a synchronous enhancement of both the activity and stability of the Fe sites while preventing demetallation or carbon corrosion remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a synthesis method for Fe–N–C is introduced that exhibits remarkable durability, featuring a protective carbon encapsulation formed by applying an additional heterocyclic organic compound coating. It is demonstrated that stability can be enhanced by converting edge‐rich Fe sites into highly stable FeN4 moieties through precise control of the robustness and packing density of the carbon encapsulation. Furthermore, electrochemical redox behavior along with in situ spectroscopies and online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry provide insights into the structural characteristics of each Fe site and their stabilities. The accelerated stress testing and a long‐term test (>100 h) exhibit that the robust carbon encapsulation can successfully prevent corrosion of carbon support and ensure durable Fe sites during operation.
Defect‐Rich Graphdiyne Quantum Dots as Efficient Electron‐Donors for Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Ullah Wahid , Slassi Amine , Wang Cong , Paineau Erwan , Ha‐Thi Minh‐Huong , Pino Thomas , Halime Zakaria , Gayral Audrey , Vallet Maxime , Degrouard Jéril , Cornil Jérôme , Ghazzal Mohamed Nawfal
Published: May 2024

Downsizing the graphdiyne (GDY) network to shape quantum dots (QDs) will provide attractive optical and electronic properties associated with quantum confinement and edge effects. Here, it is demonstrated that quantum confinement and defect introduction allow using GDY in donor–acceptor photocatalytic systems for solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion. The defect‐rich GDY QDs (GDYO‐QDs) exhibit a blue‐to‐green excitation‐dependent photoluminescence behavior, demonstrating their ability to harvest light over a wide energy range. Quantum‐chemical calculations evidenced an increase in the electronic bandgap of GDY upon quantum confinement and defect introduction without the appearance of trap states that can hamper charge transport properties. Such a unique optical behavior of QDs is used in photocatalytic hydrogen generation through the hybridization with TiO2 as a model photocatalyst. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the donor−acceptor system tremendously boosts the photocatalytic performance, reaching 5288 µmol g−1 after 4 h of illumination at a constant rate of 1322 µmol g−1 h−1, using a low volume of a sacrificial electron donor (6% v/v). The QDs act as efficient chromophores harvesting UV and visible light while injecting electrons into the TiO2. This work opens a new area of using GDYO‐QDs as an efficient chromophore in developing donor–acceptor systems for photocatalysis and future photovoltaic devices.
Progress in Lipid and Inorganic Nanocarriers for Enhanced Skin Drug Delivery
Authors: Albakr Lamyaa , Du Hongyuan , Zhang Xiyuan , Kathuria Himanshu , Fahmi Anwar‐Fadzil Ahmed , Wheate Nial J. , Kang Lifeng
Published: May 2024

New advancements in nanocarrier technologies are revolutionizing the delivery of drugs through the skin, allowing for precise treatment with better absorption, stability, and bioavailability. This review investigates lipid and inorganic nanocarriers like liposomes, ethosomes, and inorganic nanoparticles and assesses their potential for delivering drugs through the skin. It emphasizes the mechanisms that enable controlled release and deeper skin penetration, which are crucial for ensuring effectiveness in clinical applications. The review synthesizes existing research, acknowledging that only few nanocarriers are successfully deployed in clinical settings. By offering a comprehensive overview, it sheds light on the progress and future obstacles to using nanocarriers for drug delivery through the skin.
Tuning Adsorbate‐Mediated Strong Metal‐Support Interaction by Oxygen Vacancy: A Case Study in Ru/TiO2
Authors: Li Juan , Zhang Lin , An Xingda , Feng Kai , Wang Xuchun , He Jiari , Huang Yang , Liu Jingjing , Zhang Liang , Yan Binhang , Li Chaoran , He Le
Published: May 2024

The adsorbate‐mediated strong metal‐support interaction (A‐SMSI) offers a reversible means of altering the selectivity of supported metal catalysts, thereby providing a powerful tool for facile modulation of catalytic performance. However, the fundamental understanding of A‐SMSI remains inadequate and methods for tuning A‐SMSI are still in their nascent stages, impeding its stabilization under reaction conditions. Here, we report that the initial concentration of oxygen vacancy in oxide supports plays a key role in tuning the A‐SMSI between Ru nanoparticles and defected titania (TiO2‐x). Based on this new understanding, we demonstrate the in situ formation of A‐SMSI under reaction conditions, obviating the typically required CO2‐rich pretreatment. The as‐formed A‐SMSI layer exhibits remarkable stability at various temperatures, enabling excellent activity, selectivity and long‐term stability in catalyzing the reverse water gas‐shift reaction. This study deepens the understanding of the A‐SMSI and the ability to stabilize A‐SMSI under reaction conditions represents a key step for practical catalytic applications.
Coupling CO2 Reduction and Acetyl‐CoA Formation: The Role of a CO Capturing Tunnel in Enzymatic Catalysis
Authors: Ruickoldt Jakob , Jeoung Jae‐Hun , Rudolph Maik Alexander , Lennartz Frank , Kreibich Julian , Schomäcker Reinhard , Dobbek Holger
Published: May 2024

The bifunctional CO‐dehydrogenase/acetyl‐CoA synthase (CODH/ACS) complex couples the reduction of CO2 to the condensation of CO with a methyl moiety and CoA to acetyl‐CoA. Catalysis occurs at two sites connected by a tunnel transporting the CO. In this study, we investigated how the bifunctional complex and its tunnel support catalysis using the CODH/ACS from Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans as a model. Although CODH/ACS adapted to form a stable bifunctional complex with a secluded substrate tunnel, catalysis and CO transport is even more efficient when two monofunctional enzymes are coupled. Efficient CO channeling appears to be ensured by hydrophobic binding sites for CO, which act in a bucket‐brigade fashion rather than as a simple tube. Tunnel remodeling showed that opening the tunnel increased activity but impaired directed transport of CO. Constricting the tunnel impaired activity and CO transport, suggesting that the tunnel evolved to sequester CO rather than to maximize turnover.
A Bichromophoric Approach to Induce Luminescence – A Blend of Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Gupta Rahat , Negi Anshul , Pal Amlan K.
Published: May 2024

Two homoleptic terpyridyl complexes of Ru(II), 1 and Fe(II), 2 were synthesized using a ligand L1 that contained a phenyl spacer between an anthracenyl (An) and a terpyridyl (tpy) moiety. An equilibrated‐bichromophoric strategy was adopted to induce photoluminescence in 1 and 2. A glimpse into the excited state photophysical properties of 1 and 2 revealed that 1 exhibited NIR emission at ~700 nm with an excited state lifetime components of 1.33 and 6.52 ns. On the other hand, 2 was found to be non‐luminescent. The origin of emission in case of 1 was attributed to the effect of phenyl spacer which rendered the 3An state to be nearly isoenergetic to the emissive 3MLCT state of 1 facilitating 3MLCT‐3An equilibrium. This fact was supported by experimental (photocurrent generation) and theoretical (potential energy diagram) evidences.
Environmental sustainability in health care: An empirical investigation of US hospitals
Authors: Han Sumin , Jeong Yeasung , Lee Kangbok , In Joonhwan
Published: May 2024

Unlike industrial sectors, quality of care is of critical importance in the healthcare sector. Accordingly, incorporating environmental sustainability into healthcare services poses a unique challenge since hospitals must strike a balance among service quality (i.e., clinical quality and patient experience), cost efficiency, and environmental footprints. However, much prior research has focused primarily on the financial benefits of environmental sustainability, mainly in industrial sectors. Environmental sustainability in relation to service quality remains an underexplored topic in literature. As such, it is still unclear whether a hospital's efforts toward environmental sustainability will pay off since the environmental sustainability mantra of “reduce, reuse, and recycle” may not be suitable for healthcare settings. Drawing upon the premise of a practice‐based view, we investigate environmental sustainability in relation to service quality and financial performance in the U.S. healthcare setting. Specifically, this study examines how a hospital's environmental practices impact its service quality and financial performance. Additionally, we examine whether a hospital's continued efforts toward environmental sustainability can generate enduring performance benefits. Overall, our analysis demonstrates the service quality and financial benefits of environmental sustainability in healthcare. However, persistent efforts only lead to enduring financial benefits, not service‐quality benefits.
Prepare to manage legal issues tied to heightened political activism
Authors: Porter Michael
Published: May 2024

Activism has always been present on campuses, but in the last four years institutions of higher education have experienced more robust engagement of community members concerning social and political issues.
Significance of Triazole in Medicinal Chemistry: Advancement in Drug Design, Reward and Biological Activity
Authors: Ajmal Mohammad , Mahato Arun Kumar , Khan Mausin , Rawat Shivani , Husain Asif , Almalki Emad Bakheet , Alzahrani Mohammed Ahmed , Haque Anzarul , Hakme Mohammed Japer Mohammed , Albalawi Ahmed Suleman , Rashid Mohammad
Published: May 2024

One of the triazole tautomers, 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives, has a wide range of biological activities that suggest its potential therapeutic utility in medicinal chemistry. These actions include anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer, anti‐bacterial, anti‐tuberculosis, and anti‐diabetic effects. Using computational simulations and models, we investigate the structure‐activity relationships of 1,2,4‐triazoles, showing how various modifications to the triazole core yield a variety of clinical therapeutic benefits. The review highlights the anti‐inflammatory effect of 1,2,4‐triazoles in relation to their ability to disrupt significant inflammatory mediators and pathways. We present in‐silico data that illuminate the triazoles′ capacity to inhibit cell division, encourage apoptosis, and stop metastasis in a range of cancer models. This review looks at the bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties of 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives, with a focus on their potential efficacy against multi‐drug resistant bacterial infections and their usage in tuberculosis therapy. In order to better understand these substances′ potential anti‐diabetic benefits, this review also looks at how they affect glucose metabolism regulation and insulin responsiveness. Coordinated efforts are required to translate the efficacy of 1,2,4‐triazole compounds in preclinical models into practical therapeutic benefits. Based on the information provided, it can be concluded that 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives are a promising class of diverse therapeutic agents with potential utility in a range of disorders. Their development and improvement might herald a new era of medical care that will be immensely advantageous to both patients and the medical community as a whole. This comprehensive research, which is further reinforced by in‐silico investigations, highlights the great medicinal potential of 1,2,4‐triazoles. Additionally, this study encourages more research into these substances and their enhancement for use in pharmaceutical development.
Biocatalysis with In‐Situ Product Removal Improves p‐Coumaric Acid Production
Authors: Virklund Alexander , Nielsen Alex Toftgaard , Woodley John M.
Published: May 2024

Natural and pure p‐coumaric acid has valuable applications, and it can be produced via bioprocessing. However, fermentation processes have so far been unable to provide sufficient production metrics, while a biocatalytic process decoupling growth and production historically showed much promise. This biocatalytic process is revisited in order to tackle product inhibition of the key enzyme tyrosine ammonia lyase. In situ product removal is proposed as a possible solution, and a polymer/salt aqueous two‐phase system is identified as a suitable system for extraction of p‐coumaric acid from an alkaline solution, with a partition coefficient of up to 13. However, a 10 % salt solution was found to reduce tyrosine ammonia lyase activity by 19 %, leading to the need for a more dilute system. The cloud points of two aqueous two‐phase systems at 40 °C and pH 10 were found to be 3.8 % salt and 9.5 % polymer, and a 5 % potassium phosphate and 12.5 % poly(ethylene glycol‐ran‐propylene glycol) mW~2500 system was selected for in situ product removal. An immobilized tyrosine ammonia lyase biocatalyst in this aqueous two‐phase system produced up to 33 g/L p‐coumaric acid within 24 hours, a 1.9‐fold improvement compared to biocatalysis without in situ product removal.
Impact of Protein Corona Formation and Polystyrene Nanoparticle Functionalisation on the Interaction with Dynamic Biomimetic Membranes Comprising of Integrin
Authors: Janke Una , Geist Norman , Weilbeer Emma , Levin Wanda , Delcea Mihaela
Published: May 2024

Plastics, omnipresent in the environment, have become a global concern due to their durability and limited biodegradability, especially in the form of microparticles and nanoparticles. Polystyrene (PS), a key plastic type, is susceptible to fragmentation and surface alterations induced by environmental factors or industrial processes. With widespread human exposure through pollution and diverse industrial applications, understanding the physiological impact of PS, particularly in nanoparticle form (PS‐NPs), is crucial. This study focuses on the interaction of PS‐NPs with model blood proteins, emphasising the formation of a protein corona, and explores the subsequent contact with platelet membrane mimetics using experimental and theoretical approaches. The investigation involves αIIbβ3‐expressing cells and biomimetic membranes, enabling real‐time and label‐free nanoscale precision. By employing quartz‐crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring studies, the concentration‐dependent cytotoxic effects of differently functionalised ~210 nm PS‐NPs on HEK293 cells overexpressing αIIbβ3 are evaluated in detail. The study unveils insights into the molecular details of PS‐NP interaction with supported lipid bilayers, demonstrating that a protein corona formed in the presence of exemplary blood proteins offers protection against membrane damage, mitigating PS‐NP cytotoxicity.
Osthole exhibits the remedial potential for polycystic ovary syndrome mice through Nrf2‐Foxo1‐GSH‐NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Jin Shan , Wang Yu‐Si , Huang Ji‐Cheng , Wang Ting‐Ting , Li Bai‐Yu , Guo Bin , Yue Zhan‐Peng
Published: May 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the primary cause of female infertility with a lack of universal therapeutic regimen. Although osthole exhibits numerous pharmacological activities in treating various diseases, its therapeutic effect on PCOS is undiscovered. The present study found that application of osthole improved the symptoms of PCOS mice through preventing ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) production of more estrogen and alleviating the liberation of pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Meanwhile, osthole enhanced ovarian antioxidant capacity and alleviated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation with a concurrent attenuation for oxidative stress, while intervention of antioxidant enzymic activity and glutathione (GSH) synthesis neutralized the salvation of osthole on GCs secretory disorder and chronic inflammation. Further analysis revealed that osthole restored the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and forkhead box O 1 (Foxo1) whose repression antagonized the amelioration of osthole on the insufficiency of antioxidant capacity and accumulation of ROS. Moreover, Nrf2 served as an intermedium to mediate the regulation of osthole on Foxo1. Additionally, osthole restricted the phosphorylation of IκBα and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) subunit p65 by DHEA and weakened the transcriptional activity of NF‐κB, but this effectiveness was abrogated by the obstruction of Nrf2 and Foxo1, whereas adjunction of GSH renewed the redemptive effect of osthole on NF‐κB whose activation caused an invalidation of osthole in rescuing the aberration of GCs secretory function and inflammation response. Collectively, osthole might relieve the symptoms of PCOS mice via Nrf2‐Foxo1‐GSH‐NF‐κB pathway.
Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with clonazepam: A case report
Authors: Chhetri Bikram , Gyeltshen Dawa
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Clonazepam has some evidence in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. It can be used as an alternative treatment option in situations where vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitors are not available or when it is not feasible to use them.
Regiodivergent Synthesis of 4‐ and 5‐Sulfenyl Oxazoles from Alkynyl Thioethers
Authors: Sekar Prakash , Gupta Aniket , English Laura E. , Rabbitt Clare E. , Male Louise , Jupp Andrew R. , Davies Paul W.
Published: May 2024

The regiodivergent synthesis of 4‐ and 5‐sulfenyl oxazoles from 1,4,2‐dioxazoles and alkynyl thioethers has been achieved. Gold‐catalysed conditions are used to favour the formation of 5‐sulfenyl oxazoles via β‐selective attack of the nitrenoid relative to the sulfenyl group. In contrast, 4‐sulfenyl oxazoles are formed by α‐selective reaction under Brønsted acid conditions from the same substrates. The nature of stabilising gold‐sulfur interactions have been investigated by natural bond orbital analysis, showing that the S→Au interactions are significantly stronger in the intermediate that favours the 5‐sulfenyl oxazoles. A kinetic survey identifies catalyst inhibition processes. This study into the regiodivergent methods includes the development of telescoped annulation‐oxidation protocols for regioselective access to oxazole sulfoxides and sulfones.
Photocatalytic C(sp3)‐H gem‐Difluoroallylation and Alkylation with Alkenes via a Base‐Assisted Formal 1,2‐Hydrogen Atom Transfer of Amidyl Radicals
Authors: Tang Meifang , Feng Bingbing , Bao Yanyang , Xu Zhongtian , Huang Chao , Zheng Hanliang , Zhu Gangguo , Wang Yanan , Yuan Zheliang
Published: May 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Compared to well‐established 1,5‐HAT of N‐centered radicals, the synthetic applications of 1,2‐HAT process were scarce due to the high barrier and constrained three‐membered transition state. Here, we have developed a novel C(sp3)‐H gem‐difluoroallylation via a base assisted formal 1,2‐HAT of amidyl radicals with the reductive quenching cycle of photocatalyst. This transformation enables the efficient formation of α‐aminoalkyl radicals via 1,2‐HAT and showcases good functional group tolerance. Our preliminary mechanistic experiments, along with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate the feasibility of 1,2‐HAT of amidyl radicals, especially when assisted by a base. Furthermore, our method also succeeds in the Giese addition of electron‐deficient alkenes as well as styrene.
Hyperlanins A and B, Two Highly Rearranged Meroterpenoids from Hypericum lancasteri
Authors: You Jin‐Qiu , Jin Yun‐Qi , Li Meng‐Yu , Zhang Bo‐Chao , Sun Xin‐Yu , Ding Chun‐Yong , Li Jing‐Ya , Hou Ai‐Jun
Published: May 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Hyperlanins A (1) and B (2), two highly rearranged polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol (PPAP)‐related meroterpenoids based on different new carbon skeletons, were isolated from Hypericum lancasteri. Compound 1 incorporates an unprecedented 5/6/7/5 ring system featuring a 3,13‐dioxatetracyclo[9.2.1.12,5.01,8]pentadecane core. Compound 2 possesses a unique compact 6/6/5/6/6/5/6 ring system with a caged tetracyclo[6.2.1.13,8.05,11]dodecane motif. Their structures were established by spectroscopic data, X‐ray diffraction, and computational approaches. Both compounds showed anti‐inflammatory activity in vitro. Compounds 1 and 2 could decrease the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐/nigericin‐induced IL‐1β release in THP‐1 cells. Both compounds also showed inhibition in hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) pathway luciferase reporter assay.
Nickel/Photoredox Dual Catalytic Chan‐Lam Coupling of Aryl Azides and Arylboric Acids
Authors: Ge Xia , Ji Haojie , Lu Hongjian
Published: May 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Unsymmetrical diarylamines are crucial components in many pharmaceuticals and functional materials. In this study, we introduce an efficient Chan‐Lam cross‐coupling method that utilizes phenylboronic acids and aryl azides as coupling agents in a redox‐neutral environment, enabled by a synergistic nickel/photoredox catalytic system. This approach leverages a proton‐coupled electron transfer mechanism to bypass the typical nitrene pathway associated with aryl azides, which is prone to intramolecular rearrangement, C—H amination, and reductive hydrogenation. Notably, our method exhibits broad compatibility with a variety of functional groups, including those derived from pharmaceuticals, demonstrating its versatile potential in organic synthesis and drug modification.
Experimental and Theoretical Predictors for Redox Potentials of Bispyridinylidene Electron Donors
Authors: Khor Chun Keat , Calhoun Larry A. , Neville John J. , Dyker C. Adam
Published: May 2024

Bispyridinylidenes are neutral organic molecules capable of two‐electron oxidation at a range of redox potentials that are widely tunable by choice of substituent, making them attractive as homogeneous organic reductants and active materials in redox flow batteries. In an effort to readily predict the redox potentials of this important class of compounds, we have developed correlations between the experimental redox potentials and both experimental and theoretical predictors. On the experimental side, we show that multinuclear NMR chemical shifts of related pyridinium ions correlate well with the redox potentials of bispyridinylidenes, with R2 and standard errors (S) reaching 0.9810 and 0.048 V, respectively, when the 13C (N‐CH3) and 1H (ortho) chemical shifts are used together. Theoretical studies of the bispyridinylidenes and their doubly oxidized bipyridinium ions gave a range of predictively valuable equations at various levels of computational cost. This ranged from a simple model using only the EHOMO of the bispyridinylidenes (R2=0.9689; S=0.060 V), to a more computationally intensive model which include solvation effects for both redox states which gave the highest predictive value for all methods (R2=0.9958; S=0.022 V). This work will guide further studies of this important class of molecules.
Predictable local adaptation in butterfly photoperiodism but not thermal performance along a latitudinal cline
Authors: Siemers Isabelle , von Schmalensee Loke , Ziesemer Sabine , Gotthard Karl , Lehmann Philipp
Published: May 2024

In seasonal environments, organisms must synchronize their life cycles to conditions favorable for growth and reproduction. Because season length varies geographically, local adaptation should arise in traits that regulate phenological responses. Geographic photoperiodism clines are well known, but comparable studies on thermal performance are equivocal and often overlook nonlinear responses. Therefore, we examined local adaptation in plastic responses to both photoperiod and temperature along a 752‐km latitudinal cline, by comparing four Swedish populations of the butterflyPieris napi. Using a common garden design, we estimated (1) photoperiod response curves for diapause induction and (2) thermal performance curves for development and growth rates. We show that differences in photoperiodism follow the expected geographical pattern, where diapause is induced at longer daylengths in northern populations (where growth seasons are short and summer days long). However, population differences in thermal performance curves were small and seemingly idiosyncratic, without clear clinal patterns. Photoperiodic responses appear to evolve more readily than thermal responses, highlighting photoperiodism as a key driver of local life cycle synchronization.
Predation of cougar kittens following the aggregation of American black bears
Authors: Bianco Marcus D. , Ruprecht Joel , Clark Darren A. , Forrester Tavis , Levi Taal
Published: May 2024

The prevalence, intensity, or outcome of interference competition and interspecific killing between predominantly solitary species operating on large spatial scales is challenging to document or test. Here, we present a detailed account of inter‐ and intraspecific interactions from contemporaneous GPS location data and in‐field investigation. In June 2018, a GPS‐collared female cougar (Puma concolor) maintained strong site fidelity for a period of 19 days, indicative of parturition behavior and establishment of a nursery site. In early July 2018, three GPS‐collared black bears (Ursus americanus) arrived at the nursery site, after which the female cougar abandoned the site. Site investigation showed that one or more bears predated an unknown number of cougar kittens. The evidence supports ecological theory suggesting that body size, mass, or group number is an important predictor of outcome. Our observation provides an example of bears potentially making risk–reward trade‐offs by eliminating a potential competitor that at the same time provisions carrion as critical food resources. These real‐time inter‐ and intraspecies competitive interactions as documented using GPS collars allow for greater insight into individual fitness and community‐level effects.
Translocation in a fragmented river provides demographic benefits for imperiled fishes
Authors: Pennock Casey A. , Healy Brian D. , Bogaard Matthew R. , McKinstry Mark C. , Gido Keith B. , Cathcart C. Nathan , Hines Brian
Published: May 2024

Fragmentation isolates individuals and restricts access to valuable habitat with severe consequences for populations, such as reduced gene flow, disruption of recolonization dynamics, reduced resiliency to disturbance, and changes in aquatic community structure. Translocations to mitigate the effects of fragmentation and habitat loss are common, but few are rigorously evaluated, particularly for fishes. Over six years, we translocated 1215 individuals of four species of imperiled fish isolated below a barrier on the San Juan River, Utah, USA, that restricts access to upstream habitat. We used re‐encounter data (both passive integrated transponder tag and telemetry detections and physical recaptures) collected between 2016 and 2023, to inform a spatially explicit multistate mark–recapture model that estimated survival and transition probabilities of translocated and non‐translocated individuals, both below and above the barrier. Individuals of all four species moved large (>200 km) distances upstream following translocation, with the maximum upstream encounter distance varying by species. Results from the multistate mark–recapture model suggested translocated fish survived at a higher rate compared with non‐translocated fish below the barrier for three of the four species. Above the barrier, translocated individuals survived at similar rates as non‐translocated fish for bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus) and flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis), while survival rates of translocated endangered Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius; mean, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.55–0.88) and endangered razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus; 0.86, 0.75–0.92) were higher relative to non‐translocated individuals (Colorado pikeminnow: 0.52, 0.51–0.54; razorback sucker: 0.75, 0.74–0.75). Transition probabilities from above the barrier to below the barrier were generally low for three of the four species (all upper 95% CI ≤ 0.23), but they were substantially higher for razorback sucker. Our results suggest translocation to mitigate fragmentation and habitat loss can have demographic benefits for large‐river fish species by allowing movements necessary to complete their life history in heterogeneous riverscapes. Further, given the costs or delays in providing engineered fish passage structures or in achieving dam removal, we suggest translocations may provide an alternative conservation strategy in fragmented river systems.