bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indikator Kesejahteraan Petani melalui Nilai Tukar Petani (NTP) dan Pembiayaan Syariah sebagai Solusi
Authors: Keumala Cut Muftia , Zainuddin Zamzami
Published: August 2018

As an agricultural country, attention to the welfare of farmers in Indonesia is considered very strategic. One of the measuring tools for farmers’ welfare that is used today is Farmer’s Exchange Rate (FER). This study aims to examine and explore some of the problems with the exchange rate experienced by farmers, including; Farmer’s Exchange Rate (FER) in identifying the welfare of farmers, determining the increase and decrease of Farmer Exchange Rate (FER) in Indonesia; and the potential of Islamic financing in providing solutions for the welfare of farmers. The results show that the increase in FER is not always good. Determination of the increase and decrease rice farmers’ exchange rates are productivity, grain prices, prices of consumer goods, and prices of fertilizers, the exchange rate of farmers on food and nonfood consumption, and production costs. Shariah schemes can be used as a new alternative to help the interest-free and profit-sharing agricultural sector.Sebagai negara agraris perhatian terhadap kesejahteraan petani di Indonesia dinilai sangat strategis. Salah satu alat ukur kesejahteraan petani yang digunakan saat ini adalah Nilai Tukar Petani (NTP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menggali beberapa permasalahan terhadap nilai tukar yang dialami petani, antara lain; Nilai Tukar Petani (NTP) dalam mengindentifikasi kesejahteraan petani, penentu peningkatan dan penurunan Nilai Tukar Petani (NTP) pangan di Indonesia; dan potensi pembiayaan syariah dalam memberikan solusi untuk mensejahterakan petani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kenaikan NTP tidak selalu baik. Penentu terjadinya kenaikan dan penurunan nilai tukar petani padi adalah produktivitas, harga gabah, harga barang konsumsi, dan harga pupuk, nilai tukar petani terhadap konsumsi makanan dan nonmakanan, serta biaya produksi. Skim syariah dapat dijadikan alternatif baru untuk membantu sektor pertanian yang bebas bunga dan berdasarkan bagi hasil.
Improvement of Stability of Tea Polyphenols: A Review
Authors: Sun Bo , Wang Weijun , He Zhibin , Zhang Min , Kong Fangong , Sain Mohini , Ni Yonghao
Published: August 2018

Tea polyphenols have received much attention from the pharmaceutical and food industries owing to
their extraordinary antioxidant and antibacterial characteristics. However, tea polyphenols are very unstable in
processing and storage, since they are sensitive to the environmental factors like temperature, light and pH.
Therefore, the effective application of tea polyphenols requires a protective mechanism to maintain its activity.
The utilization of compounded tea polyphenols, instead of raw materials, can potentially help to improve their
stability. This review focuses on the summarization of the compounding technologies for tea polyphenols, including
physical technologies, chemical-interfacial technologies and nano-scale compounding technologies. Of
which, the emerging nano cellulose bio-carrier, as a promising technology, is particularly proposed.
Phytoconstituents and their Possible Mechanistic Profile for Alzheimer’s Disease – A Literature Review
Authors: Basavan Duraiswamy , Chalichem Nehru S.S. , Kumar Mohan K.S.
Published: August 2018

Memory is an associated part of life without which livelihood of a human being becomes miserable. As the global aged population is increasing tremendously, time has come to concentrate on tail end life stage diseases. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of such diseases whose origin is enigmatic, having an impact on later stage of life drastically due to irreparable damage of cognition, characterised by the presence of neurotoxic amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and hyper phosphorylated Tau protein as fibrillary tangles. Existing therapeutic regimen mainly focuses on symptomatic relief by targeting neurotransmitters that are secondary to AD pathology. Plant derived licensed drugs, Galantamine and Huperzine-A were studied extensively due to their AChE inhibitory action for mild to moderate cases of AD. Although many studies have proved the efficacy of AChEIs as a preferable symptom reliever, they cannot offer long term protection. The future generation drugs of AD is expected to alter various factors that underlie the disease course with a symptomatic benefit promise. As AD involves complex pathology, it is essential to consider several molecular divergent factors apart from the events that result in the production of toxic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Even though several herbals have shown neuroprotective actions, we have mentioned about the phytoconstituents that have been tested experimentally against different Alzheimer’s pathology models. These phytoconstituents need to be considered by the researchers for further drug development process to make them viable clinically, which is currently a lacuna.
Acid-Sensing Ion Channels Structural Aspects, Pathophysiological Importance and Experimental Mutational Data Available Across Various Species to Target Human ASIC1
Authors: Chauhan Anurag Singh , Sahoo Ganesh Chandra , Dikhit Manas Ranjan , Das Pradeep
Published: August 2018

The H+-gated (proton) currents are widely present in brain sensory neuronal system and
various studies identified the structural units and deciphered the physiological and pathological function
of ion channels. The normal neuron requires an optimal pH to carry out its functions. In acidosis,
the ASICs (Acid-sensing Ion Channels) are activated in both the CNS (central nervous system) and
PNS (peripheral nervous system). ASICs are related to degenerin channels (DEGs), epithelial sodium
cation channels (ENaCs), and FMRF-amide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2)-gated channels (FaNaC). Its activation
leads physiologically to pain perception, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, fear,
ischemic neuronal injury, seizure termination, neuronal degeneration, and mechanosensation. It detects
the level of acid fluctuation in the extracellular environment and responds to acidic pH by increasing
the rate of membrane depolarization. It conducts cations like Na+ (Sodium) and Ca2+ (Calcium)
ions across the membrane upon protonation. The ASICs subtypes are characterized by differing
biophysical properties and pH sensitivities. The subtype ASIC1 is involved in various CNS diseases
and therefore focusing on its specific functional properties will guide in drug design methods. The review
highlights the cASIC1 (Chicken ASIC1) crystal structures, involvement in physiological environment
and limitations of currently available inhibitors. In addition, it details the mutational data
available to design an inhibitor against hASIC1 (Human ASIC1).
Potential Enzymatic Targets in Alzheimer’s: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Alam Jahangir , Sharma Lalit
Published: August 2018

Alzheimer’s, a degenerative cause of the brain cells, is called as a progressive neurodegenerative disease and appears to have a heterogeneous etiology with main emphasis on amyloid-cascade and hyperphosphorylated tau-cascade hypotheses, that are directly linked with macromolecules called enzymes such as β- & γ-secretases, colinesterases, transglutaminases, and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3), cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk-5), microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK). The catalytic activity of the above enzymes is the result of cognitive deficits, memory impairment and synaptic dysfunction and loss, and ultimately neuronal death. However, some other enzymes also lead to these dysfunctional events when reduced to their normal activities and levels in the brain, such as α- secretase, protein kinase C, phosphatases etc; metabolized to neurotransmitters, enzymes like monoamine oxidase (MAO), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) etc. or these abnormalities can occur when enzymes act by other mechanisms such as phosphodiesterase reduces brain nucleotides (cGMP and cAMP) levels, phospholipase A2: PLA2 is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production etc. On therapeutic fronts, several significant clinical trials are underway by targeting different enzymes for development of new therapeutics to treat Alzheimer’s, such as inhibitors for β-secretase, GSK-3, MAO, phosphodiesterase, PLA2, cholinesterases etc, modulators of α- & γ-secretase activities and activators for protein kinase C, sirtuins etc. The last decades have perceived an increasing focus on findings and search for new putative and novel enzymatic targets for Alzheimer’s. Here, we review the functions, pathological roles, and worth of almost all the Alzheimer’s associated enzymes that address to therapeutic strategies and preventive approaches for treatment of Alzheimer’s.
Inhibition of RAGE Axis Signaling: A Pharmacological Challenge
Authors: Rojas Armando , Morales Miguel , Gonzalez Ileana , Araya Paulina
Published: August 2018

The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) is an important cell surface receptor, which belongs to the IgG super family and is now considered as a pattern recognition receptor. Because of its relevance in many human clinical settings, it is now pursued as a very attractive therapeutic target. However, particular features of this receptor such as a wide repertoire of ligands with different binding domains, the existence of many RAGE variants as well as the presence of cytoplasmatic adaptors leading a diverse signaling, are important limitations in the search for successful pharmacological approaches to inhibit RAGE signaling. Therefore, the present review aimed to display the most promising approaches to inhibit RAGE signaling, and provide an up to date review of progress in this area.
A Review on Recent Synthetic Strategies and Pharmacological Importance of 1,3-Thiazole Derivatives
Authors: Nayak Swarnagowri , Gaonkar Santhosh L.
Published: August 2018

Thiazole is the most common heterocyclic compound in heterocyclic chemistry and in drug
design. Presence of several reaction sites in the thiazole moiety extends their range of applications and
leads to new solutions for challenges in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Thiazole derivatives are
widely used as bioactive agents, liquid crystals, sensors, catalysts, etc. The motivating molecular architecture
of 1,3-thiazoles makes them suitable moieties for drug development. In this review, our aim is
to corroborate the recent data available on various synthetic strategies and biological properties of 1,3-
thiazole derivatives.
Insights into the Drug Repositioning Applied to the Alzheimer's Disease Treatment and Future Perspectives
Authors: de Castro Alexandre A. , da Cunha Elaine F.F. , Pereira Ander F. , Soares Flavia V. , Leal Daniel H.S. , Kuca Kamil , Ramalho Teodorico C.
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

Alzheimer's disease is known to be a chronic disease, with an estimated prevalence
of about 10-30%, considering the population over 60 years of age. Most patients with this disorder
(> 95%) present the sporadic form, being characterized by a late onset (80-90 years of age), and it is the
consequence of the failure to clear the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide from the interstices of the brain. Significant
numbers of genetic risk factors for the sporadic disease have been researched. Some existing drugs
for Alzheimer's disease provide symptomatic benefit for up to 12 months, but there are no approved disease-
modifying therapies. In this line, a complementary strategy based on repositioning drugs which are
approved for the treatment of other disorders could be interesting. It is noteworthy the fact that some
clinical trials indicate that several classes of drugs own potent and beneficial effects on the Alzheimer's
disease treatment. In this present work, we present the details and evaluation of these alternative treatments.
It has highlighted several compounds with relevant evidence for this purpose, which deserves
further investigation to clarify optimal treatment conditions in the clinical trials of patients with Alzheimer's
disease.
Analyzing of Molecular Networks for Human Diseases and Drug Discovery
Authors: Hao Tong , Wang Qian , Zhao Lingxuan , Wu Dan , Wang Edwin , Sun Jinsheng
Published: August 2018

Molecular networks represent the interactions and relations of genes/proteins, and also encode
molecular mechanisms of biological processes, development and diseases. Among the molecular networks,
protein-protein Interaction Networks (PINs) have become effective platforms for uncovering the
molecular mechanisms of diseases and drug discovery. PINs have been constructed for various organisms
and utilized to solve many biological problems. In human, most proteins present their complex functions
by interactions with other proteins, and the sum of these interactions represents the human protein interactome.
Especially in the research on human disease and drugs, as an emerging tool, the PIN provides a
platform to systematically explore the molecular complexities of specific diseases and the references for
drug design. In this review, we summarized the commonly used approaches to aid disease research and
drug discovery with PINs, including the network topological analysis, identification of novel pathways,
drug targets and sub-network biomarkers for diseases. With the development of bioinformatic techniques
and biological networks, PINs will play an increasingly important role in human disease research and
drug discovery.
School-based Prevention for Adolescent Internet Addiction: Prevention is the Key. A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Throuvala Melina A. , Griffiths Mark D. , Rennoldson Mike , Kuss Daria J.
Published: August 2018

Adolescents’ media use represents a normative need for information, communication,
recreation and functionality, yet problematic Internet use has increased. Given the arguably alarming
prevalence rates worldwide and the increasingly problematic use of gaming and social media,
the need for an integration of prevention efforts appears to be timely. The aim of this systematic
literature review is (i) to identify school-based prevention programmes or protocols for Internet
Addiction targeting adolescents within the school context and to examine the programmes’ effectiveness,
and (ii) to highlight strengths, limitations, and best practices to inform the design of new
initiatives, by capitalizing on these studies’ recommendations. The findings of the reviewed studies
to date presented mixed outcomes and are in need of further empirical evidence. The current review
identified the following needs to be addressed in future designs to: (i) define the clinical status of
Internet Addiction (IA) more precisely, (ii) use more current psychometrically robust assessment
tools for the measurement of effectiveness (based on the most recent empirical developments), (iii)
reconsider the main outcome of Internet time reduction as it appears to be problematic, (iv) build
methodologically sound evidence-based prevention programmes, (v) focus on skill enhancement
and the use of protective and harm-reducing factors, and (vi) include IA as one of the risk behaviours
in multi-risk behaviour interventions. These appear to be crucial factors in addressing future
research designs and the formulation of new prevention initiatives. Validated findings could then
inform promising strategies for IA and gaming prevention in public policy and education.
Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Senescent Cells: Pathophysiological Role in the Cardiovascular Disease Associated with all Types of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Carracedo Julia , Alique Matilde , Ramírez-Carracedo Rafael , Bodega Guillermo , Ramírez Rafael
Published: August 2018

Endothelial senescence-associated with aging or induced prematurely in pathological situations, such as diabetes, is a first step in the development of Cardiovascular Disease (CVDs) and particularly inflammatory cardiovascular diseases. The main mechanism that links endothelial senescence and the progression of CVDs is the production of altered Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) by senescent endothelial cells among them, Microvesicles (MVs). MVs are recognized as intercellular signaling elements that play a key role in regulating tissue homeostasis. However, MVs produced by damage cell conveyed epigenetic signals, mainly involving microRNAs, which induce many of the injured responses in other vascular cells leading to the development of CVDs. Many studies strongly support that the quantification and characterization of the MVs released by senescent endothelial cells may be useful diagnostic tools in patients with CVDs, as well as a future therapeutic target for these diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge linking senescence-associated MVs to the development of CVDs and discuss the roles of these MVs, in particular, in diabetic-associated increases the risk of CVDs.
Dabigatran Reversal with Idarucizumab in an Emergency Lumbar Puncture: A Case Report
Authors: Spagnolello Ornella , Letteri Federica , Falcou Anne , Cipollone Lorena , De Michele Manuela , Bertazzoni Giuliano , Toni Danilo
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

The widespread use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has been
increasing the conditions in which emergency physicians are forced to rapidly reverse anticoagulation
in case of life-threatening bleeding or need of urgent surgery or invasive procedures.

The recent approval of Idarucizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody fragment (Fab), offered the
opportunity to rapidly and safely neutralize the anticoagulant effect of Dabigatran. However, real-world
experience of its effective use in different emergency setting is now required. Lumbar Puncture (LP) is
recognized as an invasive procedure at major bleeding risk and is, therefore, contraindicated in anticoagulated
patients.

Conclusion:

We report a successful use of Idarucizumab in an emergency LP of a young woman with a
possible diagnosis of encephalitis and a previous history of venous thromboembolism on long-term
treatment with Dabigatran 150 mg twice a day.
Prevention of Infection in Adults Receiving Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment via Indwelling Central Venous Access Devices
Authors: Puri Basant K. , Derham Anne , Monro Jean A.
Published: August 2018

Background:

The use of indwelling Central Venous Access Devices (CVADs) is associated
with the development of bloodstream infections. When CVADs are used to administer systemic
antibiotics, particularly second- or higher-generation cephalosporins, there is a particular risk of developing
Clostridium difficile infection. The overall bloodstream infection rate is estimated to be
around 1.74 per 1000 Central Venous Catheter (CVC)-days.

Objective:

We hypothesised that daily oral administration of the anion-binding resin colestyramine
(cholestyramine) would help prevent infections in those receiving intravenous antibiotic treatment via
CVADs.

Method:

A small case series is described of adult patients who received regular intravenous antibiotic
treatment (ceftriaxone, daptomycin or vancomycin) for up to 40 weeks via indwelling CVADs; this
represented a total of 357 CVC-days. In addition to following well-established strategies to prevent C.
difficile infection, during the course of the intravenous antibiotic treatment the patients also received
daily oral supplementation with 4 g colestyramine.

Results:

There were no untoward infectious events. In particular, none of the patients developed any
symptoms or signs of C. difficile infection, whereas approximately one case of a bloodstream infection
would have been expected.

Conclusion:

It is suggested that oral colestyramine supplementation may help prevent such infection
through its ability to bind C. difficile toxin A (TcdA) and C. difficile toxin B (TcdB); these toxins are
able to gain entry into host cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis, while anti-toxin antibody
responses to TcdA and TcdB have been shown to induce protection against C. difficile infection
sequelae.
Novel Tetrahydrobenzo [b] Thiophene Compounds Exhibit Anticancer Activity through Enhancing Apoptosis and Inhibiting Tyrosine Kinase
Authors: El-Metwally Souad A. , Khalil Ali K. , El-Naggar Abeer M. , El-Sayed Wael M.
Published: August 2018

Background:

Developing new chemotherapeutic agents with molecular targets, larger margin of
safety against normal cells and low cost is the target many scientists try to achieve.

Objective:

The present study was undertaken to investigate the anticancer activity of a novel series of thiophene
compounds and the molecular mechanisms associated.

Method:

A series of novel heterocyclic compounds including pyrimidine derivatives (2, 3, 4, 5 8, 11, 12, 13, 14,
and 15), thiophene derivatives (6, 7, and 10) and oxoisothiazolidine derivative (9) was synthesized from 4,5,6,7-
tetrahydrobenzo[b] thiophene (1). The newly synthesized derivatives along with the parent compound were
evaluated for their anticancer activity against human HepG2, MCF7 and HCT116 cell lines and compared to
doxorubicin as a reference drug.

Results:

Compound 7 was very selective in targeting only the colon cells. Compounds 1, 5, and 12 showed
strong cytotoxic activities against the 3 cell lines at 6-16 µM without any apparent toxicity to the normal fibroblasts
WI-38. They had DNA affinity at 29-36 µM. The three compounds enhanced apoptosis to varying degrees
elevating the expression of Bax, caspase 9 and caspase 3 in HepG2. Compound 5 was the most potent analogue
and was superior to the standard drug used in upregulating the apoptotic genes and inhibiting tyrosine kinase at
1 µM. The IC50 value for compound 5 against TK was 296 nM.

Conclusion:

Taken together, this study presents some thiophene scaffolds as auspicious hits for further optimization
as specific antiproliferative agents against cancer cells and promising tyrosine kinase inhibitors at nanomolar
concentrations.
Effects of Exercise and Ferulic Acid on Alpha Synuclein and Neuroprotective Heat Shock Protein 70 in An Experimental Model of Parkinsonism Disease
Authors: Askar Mona H. , Hussein Abdelaziz M. , Al-Basiony Soheir F. , Meseha Refka K. , Metias Emile F. , Salama Mohamed M. , Antar Ashraf , El-Sayed Aya
Published: August 2018

Background & Objective: This study investigated the effects of ferulic acid (FR), muscle exercise (Ex) and combination of them on rotenone (Rot)-induced Parkinson disease (PD) in mice as well as their underlying mechanisms.  Method: 56 male C57BL/6 mice were allocated into 8 equal groups, 1) Normal control (CTL), 2) FR (mice received FR at 20 mg/kg/day), 3) Ex (mice received swimming Ex) and 4) Ex + FR (mice received FR and Ex), 5) Rot (mice received Rot 3 mg/Kg i.p. for 70 days), 6) ROT+ FR (mice received Rot + FR at 20 mg/kg/day), 7) ROT+ Ex (mice received Rot + swimming Ex) and 8) ROT+ Ex + FR (mice received Rot + FR and Ex). ROT group showed significant impairment in motor performance and significant reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) density and Hsp70 expression (p< 0.05) with Lewy bodies (alpha synuclein) aggregates in corpus striatum. Also, ROT+FR, ROT+EX and ROT + Ex+ FR groups showed significant improvement in behavioral and biochemical changes, however the effect of FR alone was more potent than Ex alone (p< 0.05) and addition of Ex to FR caused no more significant improvement than FR alone.

Conclusion:

We concluded that, FR and Ex improved the motor performance in rotenone-induced PD rodent model which might be due to increased Hsp70 expression and TH density in corpus striatum and combination of both did not offer more protection than FR alone.
Autophagy and Mitochondria: Targets in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Dhawan Amruta , Kadam Alknanda , Shinde Akshada
Published: August 2018

Background & Objective: Cellular physiology and energy metabolism are maintained by
the constant supply of energy furnished by the powerhouses of the cell called mitochondria. Cellular
homeostasis depends on the timely clearance of damaged cellular organelles and proteins via pathways
including autophagy. Mitochondria and mitochondrial autophagy play a vital role in cellular health and
failure of these pathways can have a devastating effect on cellular homeostasis. Amongst the various cell
types, neuronal cells are more vulnerable to bioenergetic depletion since most of their functions critically
depend on the availability of energy derived from mitochondrial metabolism, thus making neurodegenerative
disorders an obstinate issue. Research in the past few decades has shown that these neurodegenerative
disorders are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and compromised mitophagy leading to
accumulation of protein aggregates which ultimately culminate in neurodegeneration.

Conclusion:

Thus, targeting mitochondria and autophagy-related proteins and enzymes in neurodegenerative
disorders may open the avenues for potential targets for discovering effective therapies.
Here, we review the involvement of mitochondrial and autophagy dysfunction in neurodegenerative
disorders specifically focusing on Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease.
F.E.M. Stress-Investigation of Scolios Apex
Authors: Daghighi A. , Tropp H. , Dahlström N. , Klarbring A.
Published: August 2018

Background:

In scoliosis, kypholordos and wedge properties of the vertebrae should be involved in determining how stress is distributed in the vertebral column. The impact is logically expected to be maximal at the apex.

Aim:

To introduce an algorithm for constructing artificial geometric models of the vertebral column from DICOM stacks, with the ultimate aim to obtain a formalized way to create simplistic models, which enhance and focus on wedge properties and relative tilting.

Material/Methods:

Our procedure requires parameter extraction from DICOM image-stacks (with PACS,IDS-7), mechanical FEM-modelling (with Matlab and Comsol). As a test implementation, models were constructed for five patients with thoracal idiopathic scoliosis with varying apex rotation. For a selection of load states, we calculated a response variable which is based upon distortion energy.

Results:

For the test implementation, pairwise t-tests show that our response variable is non-trivial and that it is chiefly sensitive to the transversal stresses (transversal stresses where of main interest to us, as opposed to the case of additional shear stresses, due to the lack of explicit surrounding tissue and ligaments in our model). Also, a pairwise t-test did not show a difference (n = 25, p-value≈0.084) between the cases of isotropic and orthotropic material modeling.

Conclusion:

A step-by-step description is given for a procedure of constructing artificial geometric models from chest CT DICOM-stacks, such that the models are appropriate for semi-global stress-analysis, where the focus is on the wedge properties and relative tilting. The method is inappropriate for analyses where the local roughness and irregularities of surfaces are wanted features. A test application hints that one particular load state possibly has a high correlation to a certain response variable (based upon distortion energy distribution on a surface of the apex), however, the number of patients is too small to draw any statistical conclusions.
Minimum Delay Congestion Control in Differentiated Service Communication Networks
Authors: Khodhair Saadi Alobaidi , Naghmash Majid S. , Abduljabbar Riyadh Bassil , Ahmed ALRawi Ali Amer
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

This paper presents a minimum delay congestion control in differentiated Service communication networks. The premium and ordinary passage services based fluid flow theory is used to build the suggested structure in high efficient manage. The established system is capable to adeptly manage both the physical network resource limitations and indefinite time delay related to networking system structure.

Methods:

The effectiveness of the suggested congestion controller system is demonstrated with mathematical consequences in formal framework by using modified sliding controller (MSMC) techniques. This technique provides high utilization and less delay after adapting the state feedbacks controllers with sliding mode controller. The Quality of Service (QoS) requirements in term of effective and dynamic regulation of network resources have been achieved in the existing design.

Results:

The capacity and bandwidth limitations are considered as a restriction on the input of network. The results of this approach are developed and compared with a conventional design.
Evaluation of Effect of Low-Dose Methotrexate on Osseointegration of Implants: A Biomechanical Study on Dogs
Authors: Tavakoli Mohamad , Yaghini Jaber , abed Ahmad Moghare , Malekzadeh Meisam , Maleki Dina
Published: August 2018

Background:

Methotrexate (MTX) is an immunosuppressive drug, widely used in inflammatory disturbances including rheumatoid arthritis. However, there is no consensus regarding the effect of MTX on implant osseointegration.

Objective:

The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the effect of low dose MTX on Bone-Implant Contact (BIC) of dogs.

Methods:

Six mandibular premolar teeth (bilateral) of 8 mature dogs were extracted. After 3 months of healing, 6 implants (bone level, resorbable blast media surface) were inserted into the mandible of each dog (3 in each side). Dogs were randomly divided into a study group (receiving 2.5 mg/week MTX orally, 3 times per week for 4 weeks) and a control group each containing 4 dogs. In the 1st week, postoperative BIC was evaluated in 4 dogs, two from each group. In the 4th week, reverse torque and BIC were evaluated in the remaining 4 dogs. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA test for 95% confidence interval.

Results:

The reverse torque test of the 4th week, showed a satisfying osseointegration. Histopathologic evaluation revealed that the BIC was significantly higher in the control group in comparison to the MTX group in the 1st and 4th week. In addition, the BIC of both groups were significantly increased in the 4th week in comparison to the 1st week in both groups.

Conclusion:

MTX has the potential to interfere with osseointegration process.
The Frequency of Antibiotic Resistance and ESBLs Among Clinically Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Isolated from Patients in a Major Hospital in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Ranjbar Reza , Tolon Sajjad S. , Zayeri Shahin , Sami Mehrdad
Published: August 2018

Background:

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics limits treatment options, increases morbidity and mortality, and raises the risk of antibiotic-associated adverse events. Antibacterial resistance emerges rapidly following an increase in the consumption of antibiotics against infectious diseases. The spread of ESBL producing strains has a limiting factor based on antibiotic function for the treatment of infections particularly caused byAcinetobacter baumannii(A. baumannii).

Objective:

This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and distribution ofblaTEM,blaCTX, andblaSHVgenes amongA. baumanniistrains isolated from clinical samples at a major hospital in Teheran, Iran.

Methods:

A. baumanniistrains were isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. The disc diffusion and combined discs methods were used for testing antimicrobial susceptibility and to identify the strains producing Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL), respectively. DNA extraction was done by boiling method. Finally, the frequency of resistant genes includingblaTEM,blaCTX, andblaSHVin ESBL producing isolates was studied by PCR.

Results:

Gender distribution in this study was 53 (53%) samples for men and 47 (47%) for women. Totally, one hundredA. baumanniistrains were isolated. More than 93% of the isolates were multi drug resistant. The highest to lowest antibiotic resistance was observed against amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (98%), ceftriaxone (96%), cefotaxime (94%), and ceftazidime (93%), respectively. The frequency of positive phenotypic test of ESBL was 19% and 16% for CAZ-C and CTX-C, respectively. The frequency ofblaTEM,blaCTX, andblaSHVgenes was 52.1, 43.4, and 21.7, respectively.

Conclusion:

A. baumanniiisolates exhibited an extremely worrying level of antibiotic resistance, and a high percentage of the isolates showed MDR in this study. This is a serious warning because ESBLs are a major threat to the effectiveness of antibiotics that are currently available for medical uses. The frequency of genes encoded ESBL isolates ofA. baumanniimay be due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics.
An Age and Activity Algorithm for Treatment of Type II SLAP Tears
Authors: Charles Michael D. , Christian David R. , Cole Brian J.
Published: August 2018

Background:

Type II SLAP tears predominantly occur in males between their third and fifth decades of life. The mechanism of injury is often repeated overheard activity but can also occur due to direct compression loads and traction injuries. The treatment options have changed over the years and include non-operative therapy, direct labral-biceps complex repair, and labral debridement with biceps tenodesis or tenotomy.

Objective:

To review the existing literature on the management of Type II SLAP tears and provide clinical recommendations based on patient age and activity level.

Methods:

A review of the existing literature through October 2017 investigating the management of Type II SLAP tears was performed. Emphasis was placed on distinguishing the outcomes based on age and activity level to provide an appropriate treatment algorithm.

Results:

Patients with Type II SLAP tears should first be trialed with non-operative management and many patients will have a successful result with ability to return to their respective sports or activities. Surgical management should be considered if non-operative management does not provide symptomatic relief. Young, athletic, or high-demand patients should be treated with a SLAP repair while biceps tenodesis should be considered for older or worker’s compensation patients. Patients undergoing revision surgery for a failed SLAP repair should be managed with biceps tenodesis.

Conclusion:

Type II SLAP tears remain a difficult pathology to manage clinically, but the treatment indications are narrowing. The age and activity algorithm described in this review provides an effective method of managing this complex clinical condition.
Treatment of SLAP Lesions
Authors: Stathellis Apostolos , Brilakis Emmanouil , Georgoulis Jim-Dimitris , Antonogiannakis Emmanouil , Georgoulis Anastasios
Published: August 2018

Background:

The surgical treatment of a Superior Labrum Anterior and Posterior (SLAP) lesion becomes more and more frequent as the surgical techniques, the implants and the postoperative rehabilitation of the patient are improved and provide in most cases an excellent outcome.

Objective:

However, a standard therapy of SLAP lesions in the shoulder surgery has not been established yet. An algorithm on how to treat SLAP lesions according to their type and data on the factors that influence the surgical outcome is essential for the everyday clinical practice.

Method:

In this article, a retrospective evaluation of patients with SLAP lesion, treated surgically in our orthopaedic clinic was conducted.

Results:

According to the clinical outcome and our experience with the surgical therapy of SLAP lesions we demonstrate an algorithm on the proper therapeutic approach.

Conclusion:

SLAP I lesions are treated with debridement. Most controversies concern patients with SLAP II lesions, whose therapy is either fixation of the superior labrum or tenotomy/tenodesis of the long head of the biceps tendon. For patients with SLAP III or IV lesions the most commonly accepted approach is tenotomy or tenodesis of the long head of biceps tendon.
Superior Capsular Release After Failed Combined Superior Labral Repair And Biceps Tenodesis For Slap Tear
Authors: Han Yung , Lee Janet , Park Sung , Suh Eugene
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

Optimal treatment of type II superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) tears is controversial. There has been a recent trend towards biceps tenodesis over SLAP repair in older patients. Few surgeons have performed combined biceps tenodesis and SLAP repair with inferior results.

Case Report:

This case describes a 46-year-old patient who had persistent pain and stiffness after combined biceps tenodesis and SLAP repair for a type II SLAP tear. His pain and motion improved after arthroscopic superior capsular release.

Conclusion:

Failed SLAP repair is often multifactorial and a thorough workup is needed. Combined biceps tenodesis and SLAP repair can cause pain, stiffness, and dysfunction which can be successfully treated with arthroscopic superior capsular release.
Superior Labral Anterior to Posterior Tear Management in Athletes
Authors: Mathew Cristin John , Lintner David Mark
Published: August 2018

Background:

The diagnosis and treatment of Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior (SLAP) tears have been evolving and controversial. The lack of clear diagnostic criteria on physical examination, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and arthroscopic evaluation clouds the issue. The high rate of MRI diagnosed SLAP lesions in the asymptomatic population of athletes and non-athletes warrants consideration when planning treatment for those with shoulder pain.

Objective:

To provide information on the evaluation, diagnosis and management of SLAP tears in athletes.

Methods:

The results of a structured non-operative rehabilitation program are discussed and compared to traditional surgical techniques. The evolution of the author’s treatment algorithm is presented. Results: The successful return to overhand throwing is more common with non-operative treatment than with surgical.

Conclusion:

A rehabilitation program focused on stretching the posterior capsule and correcting scapular posture is more successful than surgery for most throwers with SLAP lesions.
Current Concepts in the Evaluation and Management of Type II Superior Labral Lesions of the Shoulder
Authors: Hester William A. , O’Brien Michael J. , Heard Wendell M.R. , Savoie Felix H.
Published: August 2018

Background:

Superior labrum tears extending from anterior to posterior (SLAP lesion) are a cause of significant shoulder pain and disability. Management for these lesions is not standardized. There are no clear guidelines for surgical versus non-surgical treatment, and if surgery is pursued there are controversies regarding SLAP repair versus biceps tenotomy/tenodesis.

Objective:

This paper aims to briefly review the anatomy, classification, mechanisms of injury, and diagnosis of SLAP lesions. Additionally, we will describe our treatment protocol for Type II SLAP lesions based on three groups of patients: throwing athletes, non-throwing athletes, and all other Type II SLAP lesions.

Conclusion:

The management of SLAP lesions can be divided into 4 broad categories: (1) nonoperative management that includes scapular exercise, restoration of balanced musculature, and that would be expected to provide symptom relief in 2/3 of all patients; (2) patients with a clear traumatic episode and symptoms of instability that should undergo SLAP repair without (age < 40) or with (age > 40) biceps tenotomy or tenodesis; (3) patients with etiology of overuse without instability symptoms should be managed by biceps tenotomy or tenodesis; and (4) throwing athletes that should be in their own category and preferentially managed with rigorous physical therapy centered on hip, core, and scapular exercise in addition to restoration of shoulder motion and rotator cuff balance. Peel-back SLAP repair, Posterior Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament (PIGHL) release, and treatment of the partial infraspinatus tear with debridement, PRP, or (rarely) repair should be reserved for those who fail this rehabilitation program.
The Effect of Deworming School Children on Anemia Prevalence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Girum Tadele , Wasie Abebaw
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

High prevalence of anemia attributable to intestinal parasite infection occurs among children in developing countries. As a result mass treatment of all children with anti-helminthic drugs particularly in school setting is being implemented. There are few studies conducted to assess impact of deworming on anemia prevalence among school children with inconclusive finding. Therefore we aimed to conduct a systematic review on impact assessment of deworming on anemia prevalence or hemoglobin level of school children so that policy makers and other stalk holders could have pooled evidence on the direction to make decision.

Methods:

The review was conducted through a systematic literature search of articles published between 1998 and 2015. Five bibliographic databases and libraries: PubMed/Medline, Global Health Database, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and African Index Medicus were used. After cleaning and sorting, analysis was performed using STATA version 11. The pooled estimate was through a fixed-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by the I2 and publication bias through funnel plot.

Results:

Eight studies were retained for final analysis which enrolled a total of 1,005,239 school children. The overall change in the hemoglobin level after deworming was 1.62(95%CI=1.01-2.25) gram/deciliter. There was no difference between the random effect model and the fixed effect model. The prevalence of anemia was markedly changed after the program, particularly in the studies which implemented deworming with hygiene program, co-administration of iron and retinol.

Conclusion and Recommendation:

School based deworming program decreases prevalence of anemia and will contribute to reduction of anemia in the community. Therefore the program should be expanded in all areas and integrated with other child care programs.
Choline-PET/CT in the Differential Diagnosis Between Cystic Glioblastoma and Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage
Authors: Alongi Pierpaolo , Vetrano Ignazio Gaspare , Fiasconaro Elisa , Alaimo Valerio , Laudicella Riccardo , Bellavia Marina , Rubino Francesca , Bagnato Sergio , Galardi Giuseppe
Published: August 2018

Objective:

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most common and malignant
glioma, accounting for 45%-50% of all gliomas. The median survival time for patients with glioblastoma
is only 12-15 months after surgical, chemioterapic and radiotherapic treatment; a correct diagnosis
is naturally fundamental to establish a rapid and correct therapy. Non-invasive imaging plays a pivotal
role in each phase of the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected for diagnosis. The aim of
this case report was to describe the potential clinical impact of 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) PET/CT in the
assessment of a cystic GBM mimicking a spontaneous hemorrhage.

Methods:

a 57 years-old male with intraparenchymal hemorrhage at CT imaging initially in reduction
ad serial imaging and suspected right fronto-temporo-parietal lesion at MRI underwent dynamic and
static (60' after tracer injection) FCH PET/CT of the brain.

Results:

FCH PET/CT showed rapid tracer uptake after few second from injection at dynamic acquisition
and consequent incremental mild uptake at static imaging after 60 minutes at the level of oval
formation in the right cerebral hemisphere characterized by annular and peripheral high metabolic activity.
The central region of the lesion was characterized by the absence 18F-FCH uptake most likely
due to blood component. The patient underwent surgery for tumor removal; the histopathological examination
confirmed the suspect of GBM. Chemo-radiotherapic adjuvant protocol according to Stupp
protocol was therefore administrated; to date the patient is alive without any progression disease at 5
months from treatment.

Conclusion:

In this case report FCH PET/CT represented the final diagnostic technique to confirm the
suspicious of a cystic GBM. Our case demonstrated the potential role of 18F-FCH PET/CT for discrimination
of higher proliferation area over intraparenchymal hemorrhage, supporting the potential
use of this imaging biomarker in surgical or radiosurgical approach. Obviously, further prospective
studies are needed to confirm this role and to exactly define possible routinely applications.
Retraction Note: Bracket Structure Stress Analysis of Rotating Construction Cable-stayed Bridge of Thousands of Tons
Authors: Wang Lifeng , Wang Erqiang , He Dongpo
Published: August 2018

The Publisher and Editor have retracted this article [1] in accordance with good ethical practices. After thorough investigations we believe that the peer review process was compromised. The article was published online on 31-12-2014.
Retraction Note: Research on Initial Stiffness of Top-and-Seat Angle Semirigid Connections
Authors: Wei Liu , Ganping Shu
Published: August 2018

The Publisher and Editor have retracted this article [1] in accordance with good ethical practices. After thorough investigations we believe that the peer review process was compromised. The article was published online on 31-12-2014.
The Necessity of Developing AIDS and Reproductive Health Indicators for Iranian Adolescents in the National Health System; The Evaluation of Indicators among 18-24 Year Old University Students of Shahroud, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vakilian Katayon , Keramat Afsaneh , Seyyed Abbas Mousavi
Published: August 2018

Background and Objectives:

Indicators are required to assess health needs as well as monitor, implement and evaluate the impact of health promotion programs. In the present study, efficacious indicators in the prevention of HIV/AIDS and enhancement of reproductive health were developed and measured.

Materials and Methods:

After creating a database, the indicators were presented to a panel of experts. A total of 28 indicators, which were divided into three domain categoriesviz: “knowledge”, “attitude” and “behavior” were developed after prioritization. In the next stage, 1500 male and female students within the age bracket of 18-24 were included after ascertaining the validity and reliability of some of the study's questionnaires. Multistage sampling was employed. After obtaining approval from universities and the respective professors, the questionnaires were distributed to students. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 20 and Pearson's descriptive-analytical statistics.

Results:

Responding to whether “AIDS can be transmitted through the use of a previously used toilet by an individual suffering from AIDS” or not, 168 (18.8%) female and 166 (32.0%) male students answered correctly, with the difference being statistically significant (p = 0.001). A total of 293 (40.6%) male students believed that the perfect age for males to get married was 26 or under. A total of 157 (30.4%) female and 267 (29.5%) male students believed that the majority of their single friends had never had sexual relations, respectively.

Conclusion:

Planning can be carried out to reduce factors that adversely affect the enhancement of adolescents’ reproductive and sexual health through the measurement of such indicators, including educational and service programs that provide a better access to such services for adolescents.