bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender representation and financial performance: an empirical analysis of public hospitals
Authors: Naciti Valeria , Noto Guido , Vermiglio Carlo , Barresi Gustavo
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Recently, the relationship between gender representation and organizational performance has been the focus of various studies. However, some research gaps still exist. First, in the healthcare sector, this relationship has been poorly explored. Moreover, in public management studies, researchers focusing on performance tend to focus exclusively on gender differences at the top and/or middle management level. This research aims at exploring the relationship between women's representation and performance in public hospitals at all organizational levels.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve the research objective, 63 healthcare organisations were analysed through ordinary least squares regressions on panel data from 2012 to 2018.

Findings

Results show that, in the hospital setting, gender diversity and financial performance are related at every organizational level.

Originality/value

To the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first studies focusing on the link between gender and performance at every level of professional and employment category; avoiding focusing exclusively on top management, which was the case in previous studies on the topic. Moreover, it contributes to a poorly explored literature which is gender studies in public healthcare management.
Atmospheric assemblages: the affective space of adaptive reuse
Authors: De Matteis Federico
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Adaptive reuse entails the physical modification of abandoned architectural structures, with the activation of processes and practices leading to the re-incorporation of heritage into the contemporary life of communities. This transformation entails an affective adaptation, a re-modulation of how citizens attune to a built environment that has been returned to urban, shared forms of use. By observing the emotional ties that are established between subjects and the spaces they inhabit, affecting forms of dwelling, attachments and corporeal responses, the author can clarify how adaptation purports this affective modification, where the original ambiance is not necessarily altogether overwritten, but may rather merge with the supervening situation to give life to unique assemblages of spatialized feelings.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing from contemporary phenomenological theories, with their specific focus on the affective and embodied dimension of lived experience, this paper describes and discusses two instances of adaptive reuse, one in Brussels, the second in Rome, highlighting their different processes and spatial outcomes.

Findings

The paper implements recent literature on spatial experience to bring to light conditions found in cases of adaptive reuse. By describing the generators of shared emotions – objects, movements, expressions, materialities, textures – it highlights how the layering of the physical world can lead to both the domestication of affects and to discrepancies and discontinuities in the fabric of experienced space.

Originality/value

There is only a limited literature dedicated to the description of adaptive reuse processes from the contemporary phenomenological perspective. This kind of description can clarify the dynamics unfolding between citizens and experienced space in cases of heritage reuse.
Building passport for the sustainable conservation of built heritage
Authors: Dos Santos Gonçalves Joana , Mateus Ricardo , Dinis Silvestre José , Pereira Roders Ana , Bragança Luís
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This research presents the development of a Building Passport for Sustainable Conservation (BPSC) as a questionnaire with a set of 23 core indicators, for a baseline assessment of heritage buildings. The aim of this tool is to identify priorities for future interventions, by recognising the contributions of heritage buildings to sustainability that should be preserved and the fragilities that need to be improved.

Design/methodology/approach

The BPSC uses a selection of core indicators for sustainability observable on heritage buildings. It was applied to four different case studies of modern heritage in the Netherlands, to verify its applicability and limitations.

Findings

The results suggest that this tool has the potential to contribute to an expedite assessment, reaching consensual evaluations of priorities for sustainable conservation, while reducing the time and cost of the process, contributing to support informed redesign decisions.

Originality/value

Recently, existing building sustainability assessment (BSA) tools have been adapted and new BSA tools developed for heritage buildings. Some tools target existing buildings, but seldom cover cultural significance and heritage values. Others target the after-redesign situations – aiming at assessing how sustainable the redesign is. Often BSA tools are complex and time-consuming, with extensive indicators and data requirements. The BPSC developed in this research covers the main aspects of sustainability and related heritage values, in a simpler tool for a baseline assessment.
CAMELS, risk-sharing financing, institutional quality and stability of Islamic banks: evidence from 6 OIC countries
Authors: Danlami Muhammad Rabiu , Abduh Muhamad , Abdul Razak Lutfi
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the nexus between CAMELS, risk-sharing financial performance and Islamic banks' stability. It also attempts to assess the conditioning effects of institutional quality in the relationship between risk-sharing contracts and the stability of Islamic banks.

Design/methodology/approach

The quantitative research design was employed using secondary data from 20 Islamic banks in six countries over the period 2007–2019. The study utilized the feasible generalized least squares method for the analysis.

Findings

The results indicate that not all CAMELS variables support the stability of Islamic banks. The musharakah contract induced stability of the banks, whereas mudarabah financing reduced it. The interaction between risk-sharing finance and the quality of institutions suggested that the mudarabah contract via institutional quality raises the stability of Islamic banks. On the other hand, the quality of institutions encourages the banks to offer more musharakah, but it leads to an increase in their risk-taking. We show the impact of changes in risk-sharing variables on stability amplified by institutional quality. The results were robust when alternative measures of stability were used.

Practical implications

Various stakeholders in banking activities could learn from the results of this study. Islamic banks could improve their positions in terms of screening for risk-sharing financing. They could also leverage more on musharakah, as it promotes stability and could generate more returns for the banks. The mudarabah financing can be improved if there is a proper evaluation of entrepreneurs. Policymakers would learn more about the importance of institutional quality, as it provides a friendly environment for both mudarabah and musharakah businesses to thrive. This could increase the participation of Islamic banks in the real economy.

Originality/value

Previous studies concentrated on the effects of CAMELS on the profitability of Islamic banks. This study shows that CAMELS alone might not necessarily capture the financial performance of Islamic banks. Therefore, the risk-sharing financing variables are included alongside CAMELS to determine their effects on stability. Second, unlike the past research, this study used the quality of institutions to moderate the nexus between risk-sharing financing and the stability of Islamic banks.
Analyzing entry strategies for co-opetitive supply chains with the learning effect
Authors: Lu Qingqing , Yang Weizhe , Zhou Chuiri , Wang Ningning
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This study aims to investigate whether the contract manufacturer (CM) should take the first-mover advantage in the end-product without supplying core components to the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) immediately, or should fully squeeze the benefit of the learning effect through an amplified production quantity by letting the OEM enter the end-product market early.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors propose a two-period model for a supply chain consisting of a CM and an OEM where the CM has four alternative entry strategies concerning it competition to the OEM in the end-product market. For each strategy, the authors derive the equilibrium solutions of the two firms using a backward approach. Comparison leads to the CM’s final choices among the four strategies.

Findings

For both CM and OEM, the monopoly and the first-entry strategies will be dominated by either the post-entry or the simultaneous-entry strategy, and thus, their preferred strategy is chosen from the latter two. Regarding the two firms choices between the post- and simultaneous-entry strategy, the CM prefers the post-entry strategy when the OEMs brand premium is at a moderate level, whereas the OEM prefers the post-entry strategy when its brand premium is low, and the learning effect can amplify the interval for the CMs adopting the post-entry strategy as well as changes the interval for the OEMs preference related to the two strategies.

Originality/value

This paper is the first one to explore the optimal strategy for a CM to maximize its profit in a co-opetitive supply chain situation with a CM and an OEM. The authors believe that our paper contributes to both literature and the market.
Transformational tourism – a systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Nandasena Roshini , Morrison Alastair M. , Coca-Stefaniak J. Andres
Published: June 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine critically the literature on transformational tourism and explore a research agenda for a post-COVID future.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic review of the transformational tourism literature is performed over a 42-year period from 1978 to 2020.

Findings

Further research is required in terms of how transformative experiences should be calibrated and measured both in qualitative and quantitative terms, particularly from the perspective of how tourists are transformed by their experiences. Similarly, the nature and depth of these transformative processes remain poorly understood, particularly given the many different types of tourism associated with transformative experiences, which range from religious pilgrimages to backpacking and include several forms of ecotourism.

Practical implications

Future research directions for transformational tourism are discussed with regard to how COVID-19 will transform the dynamics of tourism and travel, including the role of new smart technologies in the creation of enhanced transformational experiences, and the changing expectations and perceptions of transformative travel in the post-COVID era. In addition, the researchers call for future studies on transformational tourism to explore the role of host communities in the delivery of meaningful visitor experiences.

Originality/value

Transformational tourism is an emerging body of research, which has attracted a growing level of interest among tourism scholars in recent years. However, to this date, a systematic review of published literature in this field has not been conducted yet in a holistic sense. This paper offers a framework for future research in this field.
Multi-criteria group decision-making algorithm based on single-valued neutrosophic Einstein prioritized aggregation operators and its applications
Authors: Farid Hafiz Muhammad Athar , Garg Harish , Riaz Muhammad , Santos-García Gustavo
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) are efficient models to address the complexity issues potentially with three components, namely indeterminacy, truthness and falsity. Taking advantage of SVNSs, this paper introduces some new aggregation operators (AOs) for information fusion of single-valued neutrosophic numbers (SVNNs) to meet multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

Einstein operators are well-known AOs for smooth approximation, and prioritized operators are suitable to take advantage of prioritized relationships among multiple criteria. Motivated by the features of these operators, new hybrid aggregation operators are proposed named as “single-valued neutrosophic Einstein prioritized weighted average (SVNEPWA) operator” and “single-valued neutrosophic Einstein prioritized weighted geometric (SVNEPWG) operators.” These hybrid aggregation operators are more efficient and reliable for information aggregation.

Findings

A robust approach for MCGDM problems is developed to take advantage of newly developed hybrid operators. The effectiveness of the proposed MCGDM method is demonstrated by numerical examples. Moreover, a comparative analysis and authenticity analysis of the suggested MCGDM approach with existing approaches are offered to examine the practicality, validity and superiority of the proposed operators.

Originality/value

The study reveals that by choosing a suitable AO as per the choice of the expert, it will provide a wide range of compromise solutions for the decision-maker.
Behavioural finance and cryptocurrencies
Authors: Ballis Antonis , Verousis Thanos
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The present study sets out to examine the empirical literature on the behavioural aspects of cryptocurrencies, showing the findings of related studies and discussing the various results. A systematic literature review of cryptocurrencies in behavioural finance seems to be timely and particularly important in terms of providing a guide for future research. Key topics include an extent review on the issue of herding behaviour amongst cryptocurrencies, momentum effects and overreaction, contagion effect, sentiment and uncertainty, along with studies related to investment decision-making, optimism bias, disposition, lottery and size effects.

Design/methodology/approach

Systematic literature review.

Findings

A systematic literature review of cryptocurrencies in behavioural finance seems to be timely and particularly important in terms of providing a guide for future research. Key topics include an extent review on the issue of herding behaviour amongst cryptocurrencies, momentum effects and overreaction, contagion effect, sentiment (investor's, market's) and uncertainty, along with studies related to investment decision-making, optimism bias, disposition, lottery and size effect.

Originality/value

The authors' survey paper complements recent papers in the area by offering a systematic account on the influence of behavioural factors on cryptocurrencies. Further, this study's purpose is not just to index the relevant literature, but rather to showcase and pinpoint several research areas that have emerged in the field of behavioural cryptocurrency research. For all these reasons, a systematic literature review of cryptocurrencies in behavioural finance seems to be timely and particularly important.
Contrasting metacommunity patterns of fish and aquatic insects in drainage ditches of paddy fields
Authors: Iwamoto Hideyuki , Tahara Daisuke , Yoshida Takehito
Published: June 2022

Understanding temporal variation in mechanisms and factors shaping metacommunity is an important issue of community ecology. The relative importance of different assembly mechanisms, such as dispersal and environmental filtering, can vary through time in dynamic systems, whereas it is still unclear how different dispersal modes affect temporal patterns of the variation. We investigated metacommunity structures of fish and aquatic insects with flying adults in spring, summer, and autumn in drainage ditches of paddy fields in the Kita River basin, Japan, where agricultural water management and flood events cause seasonal flow changes. Using redundancy analysis and variation partitioning, we examined how the variation of these metacommunity structures was explained by local environmental factors and two types of spatial factors (overland based and watercourse based). Fish metacommunities were mainly influenced by local environmental factors (e.g., water depth) in summer, and by watercourse‐based spatial factors (e.g., distance to downstream rivers) in spring and autumn. As fishes are obligate aquatic dispersers, increased hydrological connectivity among habitats in summer weakens the dispersal limitation from downstream rivers and enables species to track environmentally preferred habitats. In contrast, only overland‐based spatial factors (e.g., spatial patterns based on overland distance) significantly affected aquatic insect metacommunities in summer and autumn. These results suggest that regional and landscape variables can influence their metacommunity patterns more than the local environment. We conclude that the dynamic nature of the environment and dispersal modes can interactively influence metacommunity structures in temporally connecting habitats.
Biosynthesis of a water solubility‐enhanced succinyl glucoside derivative of luteolin and its neuroprotective effect
Authors: Chen Liangliang , Chang Siyuan , Zhao Lin , Li Bingfeng , Zhang Sen , Yun Chenke , Wu Xiao , Meng Jingyi , Li Guoqing , Guo Sheng , Duan Jinao
Published: June 2022

The natural flavonoids luteolin and luteoloside have anti‐bacterial, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, anti‐tumour, hypolipidemic, cholesterol lowering and neuroprotective effects, but their poor water solubility limits their application in industrial production and the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, luteolin‐7‐O‐β‐(6″‐O‐succinyl)‐d‐glucoside, a new compound that was prepared by succinyl glycosylation of luteolin by the organic solvent tolerant bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FJ18 in an 8.0% DMSO (v/v) system, was obtained and identified. Its greater water solubility (2293 times that of luteolin and 12 232 times that of luteoloside) provides the solution to the application problems of luteolin and luteoloside. The conversion rate of luteolin (1.0 g l−1) was almost 100% at 24 h, while the yield of luteolin‐7‐O‐β‐(6″‐O‐succinyl)‐d‐glucoside reached 76.2%. In experiments involving the oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury model of mouse hippocampal neuron cells, the cell viability was significantly improved with luteolin‐7‐O‐β‐(6″‐O‐succinyl)‐d‐glucoside dosing, and the expressions of the anti‐oxidant enzyme HO‐1 in the nucleus increased, providing a neuroprotective effect for ischemic cerebral cells. The availability of biosynthetic luteolin‐7‐O‐β‐(6″‐O‐succinyl)‐d‐glucoside, which is expected to replace luteolin and luteoloside, would effectively expand the clinical application value of luteolin derivatives.
Synchronous resection of 12 small pulmonary nodules guided by a noninvasive 3D printed emulation model: A case report
Authors: Li Kaidi , Ding Ningying , Xu Yuyang , Guo Chenglin , Liu Chengwu , Mei Jiandong , Liu Lunxu
Published: June 2022

Localization of multiple small pulmonary nodules is the major obstacle in surgical resection. Here, we report a novel noninvasive localization technique based on a life‐size 3D printed “emulation pulmonary nodule localization model” which is simple and efficient. In the case reported here of a patient with synchronous multiple pulmonary nodules, the nodules were successfully and conveniently localized without any trauma by navigation of the emulation localization model. All 12 nodules were resected precisely and thoroughly, while normal lung tissues were considerably well preserved. Pathological examination confirmed malignancy of the major nodule and some other small nodules.
The Importance of Clarification of Auditors' Responsibilities Under the New Audit Reporting Standards*
Authors: Backof Ann G. , Bowlin Kendall , Goodson Brian M.
Published: June 2022

Given the uncertainty regarding auditors' responsibilities, standard setters considered the need for clarification of technical terms such as reasonable assurance in the new audit reporting models. The PCAOB ultimately decided to exclude clarifying language from its final standard, while the Auditing Standards Board and IAASB made such language mandatory. Given the difference in reporting models, this study investigates the role clarification of reasonable assurance plays in auditor negligence. We predict and find that, absent clarification, jurors judge auditors to be more negligent when the audit report includes a related critical audit matters disclosure than when it does not. However, consistent with our prediction, clarifying what is meant by reasonable assurance mitigates this increase in auditors' liability exposure by reducing jurors' perceptions of auditors' personal control over the misstatement at the time of the audit. Thus, our evidence suggests that the PCAOB's decision to not include such language in the new audit reporting model may have been shortsighted given the potential for clarification to mitigate a potential negative unintended consequence to auditors' litigation exposure under the new audit reporting model.
Automated Analysis of Low-Field Brain MRI in Cerebral Malaria
Authors: Tu Danni , Goyal Manu S. , Dworkin Jordan D. , Kampondeni Samuel , Vidal Lorenna , Biondo-Savin Eric , Juvvadi Sandeep , Raghavan Prashant , Nicholas Jennifer , Chetcuti Karen , Clark Kelly , Robert-Fitzgerald Timothy , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Yushkevich Paul , Davatzikos Christos , Erus Guray , Tustison Nicholas J. , Postels Douglas G. , Taylor Terrie E. , Small Dylan S. , Shinohara Russell T.
Published: June 2022

A central challenge of medical imaging studies is to extract biomarkers that characterize disease pathology or outcomes. Modern automated approaches have found tremendous success in high-resolution, high-quality magnetic resonance images. These methods, however, may not translate to low-resolution images acquired on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners with lower magnetic field strength. In low-resource settings where low-field scanners are more common and there is a shortage of radiologists to manually interpret MRI scans, it is critical to develop automated methods that can augment or replace manual interpretation, while accommodating reduced image quality. We present a fully automated framework for translating radiological diagnostic criteria into image-based biomarkers, inspired by a project in which children with cerebral malaria (CM) were imaged using low-field 0.35 Tesla MRI. We integrate multiatlas label fusion, which leverages high-resolution images from another sample as prior spatial information, with parametric Gaussian hidden Markov models based on image intensities, to create a robust method for determining ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume. We also propose normalized image intensity and texture measurements to determine the loss of gray-to-white matter tissue differentiation and sulcal effacement. These integrated biomarkers have excellent classification performance for determining severe brain swelling due to CM.
Silybin suppresses ovarian cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 activity
Authors: Wei Zibo , Ye Shuangyan , Feng Haipeng , Zeng Chong , Dong Xinhuai , Zeng Xiaokang , Zeng Liming , Lin Xu , Liu Qiuzhen , Yao Jie
Published: June 2022

Metabolic reprogramming is a sign of malignant tumors, and targeting the metabolism of tumor cells has become a promising therapeutic approach. Here, we report that Silybin (a nontoxic flavonoid commonly used for liver protection) exhibits prominent anti‐tumor effects on human ovarian cancer cells. Treatment of an ovarian cancer cell line with Silybin interfered with glutamine metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. We applied the drug affinity responsive target stability approach to show that Silybin binds to isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). This combination leads to reduced phosphorylation of IDH1 and inhibits enzyme activity. IDH1 dysfunction significantly increases the ratio of NADP/NADPH in the cell, causing an increase in reactive oxygen species generation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that IDH1 was increased in ovarian cancer samples compared with normal para‐tumoral tissues. Xenograft murine experiments indicated that Silybin administered orally suppressed the growth of the tumor formed by ovarian cancer cells. In combination, our data strongly suggest that Silybin targets IDH1 in ovarian cancer cells and may be a novel treatment candidate.
Predictors of 1‐year outcome after cardiac re‐transplantation: Machine learning analysis
Authors: Kainuma Atsushi , Ning Yuming , Kurlansky Paul A. , Wang Amy S. , Latif Farhana , Sayer Gabriel T. , Uriel Nir , Kaku Yuji , Naka Yoshifumi , Takeda Koji
Published: June 2022

Background

As cardiac re‐transplantation is associated with inferior outcomes compared with primary transplantation, allocating scarce resources to appropriate re‐transplant candidates is important. The aim of this study is to elucidate the factors associated with 1‐year mortality in cardiac re‐transplantation using the random forests algorithm for survival analysis.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the United Network for Organ Sharing registry and identified all adult (> 17 years old) recipients who underwent cardiac re‐transplantation between January 2000 and March 2020. The random forest algorithm on Cox modeling was used to calculate the variable importance (VIMP) of independent variables for contributing to 1‐year mortality.

Results

A total of 1294 patients underwent cardiac re‐transplantation. Of these, 137 patients were re‐transplanted within 1 year of their first transplant, while 1157 patients were re‐transplanted more than 1 year after their first transplant. One‐year mortality was significantly higher for patients receiving early transplantation compared with those receiving late transplantation (Early 40.6% vs. Late 13.6%, log‐rank P < .001). Machine learning analysis showed that total bilirubin (> 2 mg/dl) (VIMP, 2.99%) was an independent predictor of 1‐year mortality after early re‐transplant. High BMI (> 30.0 kg/m2) (VIMP, 1.43%) and ventilator dependence (VIMP, 1.47%) were independent predictors of 1‐year mortality for the late re‐transplantation group.

Conclusion

Machine learning showed that optimal 1‐year survival following cardiac re‐transplantation was significantly related to liver function in early re‐transplantation, and to obesity and preoperative ventilator dependence in late re‐transplantation.
Transition to adult services experienced by young people with cerebral palsy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ryan Jennifer M. , Walsh Michael , Owens Mary , Byrne Michael , Kroll Thilo , Hensey Owen , Kerr Claire , Norris Meriel , Walsh Aisling , Lavelle Grace , Fortune Jennifer
Published: June 2022

Aim

To assess if young people with cerebral palsy experience and health professionals provide practices that may improve transition from child to adult health services.

Method

Seventy‐five young people (31 females, 44 males; mean age 18 years 5 months [standard deviation 2 years 2 months]) and/or parents and 108 health professionals completed a questionnaire describing their experience or the provision of nine transition practices.

Results

The percentage of young people reporting each practice was: appropriate parent involvement (90%); promotion of health self‐efficacy (37%); named worker who supports the transition process (36%); self‐management support for physical health (36%); self‐management support for mental health (17%); information about the transition process (24%); meeting the adult team (16%); and life skills training (16%). Post‐discharge, 10% of young people reported that their general practitioner (GP) received a discharge letter. The percentage of health professionals reporting each practice was: promotion of health self‐efficacy (73.2%); self‐management support (73.2%); information (69%); consulting the parent and young person about parent involvement (63% and 66%); discharge letter to a GP (55%); life skills training (36%); named worker (35%); meeting the adult team (30%); and senior manager (20%).

Interpretation

Many young people did not experience practices that may improve the experience and outcomes of transition. Young people should be involved in the development and delivery of transition to ensure it meets their needs.

What this paper adds

Many young people with cerebral palsy (CP) do not receive support that may improve the experience of transition.

Appropriate protocols and training for health professionals may improve the provision of transition and reduce inconsistency in care between and within organizations.

Young people and their families should be involved in service design, delivery, and evaluation related to the transition to ensure it meets their needs.
Assessing grasshopper communities in mountainous meadows – a comparison of a visual‐acoustic and a novel, purely acoustic soundscape method
Authors: Walcher Ronnie , Hussain Raja Imran , Sachslehner Leopold , Zaller Johann G. , Arnberger Arne , Frank Thomas
Published: June 2022

Grasshoppers (Orthoptera, suborders Ensifera and Caelifera) are often used as bioindicators to assess the effects of human‐induced land‐use changes. However, such assessment is largely depending on the methods that provide an accurate estimation. In the present study, we compared grasshopper species richness and assemblages on mountainous meadows in the Austrian Alps by applying a commonly used visual‐acoustic method and a novel soundscape method. For the visual‐acoustic method, we walked through the meadows for 1 h at a slow pace and recorded any visually and acoustically noticeable species. For the soundscape method, sound recorders combined with bat detectors were installed at fixed positions. Comparing both methods, there was no significant difference in species richness; however, we found significantly higher numbers of Caelifera species with the visual‐acoustic method and marginally higher numbers of Ensifera species with the soundscape method. Grasshopper assemblages differed marginally significantly between the two methods. With the soundscape method significantly more species were found between 12:00 and 17:00 hours compared to the samples taken between 10:00 and 12:00 hours. The soundscape method represents a reliable and by the observer unbiased technique to investigate grasshoppers within their environment. The visual‐acoustic method is especially preferable for the detection of non‐stridulating species which cannot be assessed with the soundscape method. Thus, researchers might consider using a sampling plan that mixes different sampling methods in order to offset potential limitations in sampling grasshopper species.
Following the track: accuracy and reproducibility of predation assessment on artificial caterpillars
Authors: Valdés‐Correcher Elena , Mäntylä Elina , Barbaro Luc , Damestoy Thomas , Sam Katerina , Castagneyrol Bastien
Published: June 2022

Experimental studies of biotic interactions in real field conditions are essential to understand the structure and functioning of ecological networks. The use of artificial caterpillars to mimic actual prey availability is generally seen as a standard approach to compare the activity and diversity of predators along environmental gradients. Yet, even with standardized material and procedures, biases may still affect data from multiple observers with different expertise. We used pictures of artificial caterpillars with or without various predation marks, in an online survey that was targeted for the participants of the project, to evaluate the reliability of predation marks identification made by non‐scientists and by scientists with and without experience in predation mark identification. Pictures of artificial caterpillars displayed typical marks left by birds, mammals, and arthropods, as well as non‐predation marks (‘false positive’). In total 357 respondents scanned 7140 pictures of artificial caterpillars. Scientists were more confident and accurate in their observations than non‐scientists, but the differences in correct identifications among scientists and non‐scientists were low. Scientists with experience were also more accurate than scientists without experience, whereas there were no differences in self‐confidence among scientists with and without experience. Accuracy in predation mark identification did not differ among types of predators, but respondents were more keen to identify marks left by birds or mammals than marks left by arthropods. Our results have practical implications for the design of multi‐observer projects relying on artificial caterpillars as a proxy to assess predation intensity, in particular in the context of citizen science.
The metabolic impact of bacterial infection in the gut
Authors: Chaukimath Pooja , Frankel Gad , Visweswariah Sandhya S.
Published: June 2022

Bacterial infections of the gut are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The interplay between the pathogen and the host is finely balanced, with the bacteria evolving to proliferate and establish infection. In contrast, the host mounts a response to first restrict and then eliminate the infection. The intestine is a rapidly proliferating tissue, and metabolism is tuned to cater to the demands of proliferation and differentiation along the crypt–villus axis (CVA) in the gut. As bacterial pathogens encounter the intestinal epithelium, they elicit changes in the host cell, and core metabolic pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, lipid metabolism and glycolysis are affected. This review highlights the mechanisms utilized by diverse gut bacterial pathogens to subvert host metabolism and describes host responses to the infection.
Designing Sustainable Craft Curricula: Balancing Academic and Practical Training
Authors: Choi Eunghan , Song Min Jeong
Published: June 2022

Since craft education was absorbed into higher education (HE), the concept of crafts and the demographic profiles of crafts practitioners have evolved, yet little is known about the extent to which craft programmes in HE are adapting to 21st‐century changes and trends. This study aimed to investigate current HE crafts curricula in South Korea, focusing on students' perception of the efficacy of academic crafts training, and to identify the knowledge and skillsets required for competence in creative industries. A content analysis of craft curricula in HE and a focus group interview and survey of students revealed that students are interested in the blurred territories between artistry and entrepreneurship and the application of crafts with the opportunities enabled by new technologies. Accordingly, HE craft programmes are reforming to meet the needs of the new generation of practitioners, but traditional discipline‐specific training with a fine arts approach and the division between studio/theory and academic/professional course content persists. We suggest that HE programmes offer more craft‐specific entrepreneurial education integrated into studio‐based courses with hands‐on practice and interdisciplinary content to meet students' needs and foster the flexible mindset required to become a craft practitioner.
Institutional ownership and the informativeness of disclosure tone
Authors: Jain Ankit , Manchiraju Hariom , Sunder Shyam V.
Published: June 2022

Disclosure tone is an important qualitative characteristic of managerial disclosures. There is mixed evidence on the role of tone in disclosure strategy. While some studies highlight the informativeness of disclosure tone, other studies provide evidence consistent with an information obfuscation role. We conjecture that the mixed evidence may be because prior studies have not explicitly modeled the role of oversight over managerial disclosure. Using an exogenous shock to institutional ownership, an important source of managerial oversight, we find that abnormal disclosure tone is informative of a firm's future earnings and cash flows when institutional ownership is high. This positive association between institutional ownership and informativeness of abnormal tone is stronger when there is an increase in quasi‐indexer institutional ownership and the contemporaneous performance is negative. Collectively, the results highlight a more complex role for disclosure tone. Abnormal disclosure tone could be reflective of managerial sentiment and convey forward‐looking information to investors in the presence of greater oversight over managerial actions.
Hypoxia induced‐disruption of lncRNA TUG1/PRC2 interaction impairs human trophoblast invasion through epigenetically activating Nodal/ALK7 signalling
Authors: Hu Mengsi , Wang Yao , Meng Yanping , Hu Jinxiu , Qiao Jiao , Zhen Junhui , Liang Decai , Fan Minghua
Published: June 2022

Inadequate trophoblastic invasion is considered as one of hallmarks of preeclampsia (PE), which is characterized by newly onset of hypertension (>140/90 mmHg) and proteinuria (>300 mg in a 24‐h urine) after 20 weeks of gestation. Accumulating evidence has indicated that long noncoding RNAs are aberrantly expressed in PE, whereas detailed mechanisms are unknown. In the present study, we showed that lncRNA Taurine upregulated 1 (TUG1) were downregulated in preeclamptic placenta and in HTR8/SVneo cells under hypoxic conditions, together with reduced enhancer of zeste homolog2 (EZH2) and embryonic ectoderm development (EED) expression, major components of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), as well as activation of Nodal/ALK7 signalling pathway. Mechanistically, we found that TUG1 bound to PRC2 (EZH2/EED) in HTR8/SVneo cells and weakened TUG1/PRC2 interplay was correlated with upregulation of Nodal expression via decreasing H3K27me3 mark at the promoter region of Nodal gene under hypoxic conditions. And activation of Nodal signalling prohibited trophoblast invasion via reducing MMP2 levels. Overexpression of TUG1 or EZH2 significantly attenuated hypoxia‐induced reduction of trophoblastic invasiveness via negative modulating Nodal/ALK7 signalling and rescuing expression of its downstream target MMP2. These investigations might provide some evidence for novel mechanisms responsible for inadequate trophoblastic invasion and might shed some light on identifying future therapeutic targets for PE.
Non‐invasive, in vivo, characterization of cutaneous metastases using a novel multimodal RCM‐OCT imaging device: a case‐series
Authors: Bang A.S. , Monnier J. , Harris U. , Garfinkel J. , Rubinstein G. , Iftimia N. , Pulitzer M. , Murray M. , Lacouture M.E. , Jain M.
Published: June 2022

Background

Cutaneous metastases (CM) diagnosis is clinically challenging, requiring an invasive biopsy for confirmation. A novel, RCM‐OCT device combines the advantage of horizontal high‐resolution reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) images and vertical deeper optical coherence tomography (OCT) images to aid in non‐invasive diagnosis of CM from breast cancers.

Objective

Characterize CM from breast cancers using RCM‐OCT device.

Methods

Seven patients suffering from breast cancers with suspicious CM were consented and imaged with RCM‐OCT device. CM features were defined by comparing with histopathology. Tumour depths were measured on OCT and on H&E‐images and correlated using statistical analysis Pearson test. 3D‐OCT images were reconstructed to enhance tumour visualization.

Results

6/7 lesions were CM from breast cancers, and one was vascular ectasia, on histopathology. CM appeared as greyish‐darkish oval to round structures within the dermis on RCM and OCT‐images. On RCM, individual tumour cells were seen, enabling identification of even small tumour foci; while, on OCT deeper tumours were detected. Inflammatory cells, dilated vessels and coarse collagen were identified in the dermis. Pearson correlation had an r2 of 0.38 and a significant P‐value <0.004 for depth measurements. CM from breast cancers could be differentiated from ecstatic vessels on 3D‐reconstructed OCT image.

Limitation

Small sample size and lack of clinical mimickers.

Conclusion

RCM‐OCT can detect CM and has potential in aiding non‐invasive diagnosis and management.
Effects of resin materials dedicated for additive manufacturing of temporary dental restorations on human gingival keratinocytes
Authors: Frasheri Iris , Aumer Katharina , Keßler Andreas , Miosge Nicolai , Folwaczny Matthias
Published: June 2022

Objective

This study investigated the effect of eluates of conventional and 3D‐printed resin materials for manufacturing temporary dental restorations on gingival keratinocytes.

Methods

Three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed resin materials: 3Delta temp (Deltamed), NextDent MFH (Nextdent), Freeprint temp (Detax), GC temp (GC), were compared to Grandio disc (Voco) and Luxatemp (DMG). Human gingival keratinocytes (IHGKs) were exposed to eluates of the materials and XTT assays were performed at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, or 144 h. For quantification of the proinflammatory response, the protein amount of IL‐6 and 8 was determined in the supernatants using ELISA. One‐way ANOVA with post hoc analysis was used to compare differences in cell viability and IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels between groups.

Results

At 24 h, and more remarkably at 48 h, a significant decrease in cell viability occurred for the 3D‐printed materials compared to the untreated IHGKs, but also compared to Grandio disc and Luxatemp. Except for the expression of IL‐8 in presence of the eluate of Grandio disc at 24 and 48 h, all tested materials caused attenuation of IL‐6 and 8 from IHGKs for any observation period.

Conclusions

The materials for additive manufacturing affect cell proliferation differently than the subtractive manufactured material Grandio disc and the conventional material Luxatemp.

Clinical Significance

In comparison to conventional and subtractive manufactured restorations, 3D printed temporary restorations might induce more negative effects on the gingival and probably also on pulpal health since viability and the proinflammatory response of oral keratinocytes are more intensively affected by these materials.
Recognising recognition: Self‐other dynamics in everyday encounters and experiences
Authors: Amer Amena , Obradovic Sandra
Published: June 2022

At the core of what makes humans, and their behaviour, social, is the interplay between self and other. Our identities, for example, are essential to our functioning as social beings as they allow us to make sense of ourselves, and others, across different contexts. We care about how others see us and achieving congruence between how we see ourselves, how we think relevant others see us, and indeed how relevant others actually see us in turn, becomes integral for achieving a positive sense of self. Therefore, humans require recognition from relevant others. This recognition can take many different forms, from legal recognition of one's rights in society, to social recognition of one's belonging to different groups. Moreover, the absence of recognition can lead to serious repercussions and consequences, resulting, on an individual level, in a reduced mode of being and feelings of exclusion, and on a social and political level, in tensions and conflict. The current special issue takes a multidisciplinary approach to contribute to the growing debates and discussions around the importance of understanding recognition and its role in social behaviour. As the introduction to this special issue, this paper argues that the concept of recognition enables a better understanding of how identification and belonging become entangled with power struggles and expressions of agency. Doing so leads us to conclude that a social psychology of identity and intra/intergroup relations which does not consider power relations, as bound up in processes of recognition and its denial, fails to consider the key processes and broader impact that exclusion, subtle or explicit, has on individuals' well‐being, belonging and ability to act in the world.
Genomics of Serrasalmidae teleosts through the lens of microbiome fingerprinting
Authors: Sylvain François‐Étienne , Normandeau Eric , Holland Aleicia , Luis Val Adalberto , Derome Nicolas
Published: June 2022

Associations between host genotype and host‐associated microbiomes have been shown in a variety of animal clades, but studies on teleosts mostly show weak associations. Our study aimed to explore these relationships in four sympatric Serrasalmidae (i.e., piranha) teleosts from an Amazonian lake, using data sets from the hosts genomes (single nucleotide polymorphisms from genotyping by sequencing), skin and gut microbiomes (16S rRNA gene metataxonomics) and diets (COI metabarcoding) from the same fish individuals. First, we investigated whether there were significant covariations of microbiome and fish genotypes at the inter‐ and intraspecific levels. We also assessed the extent of covariation between Serrasalmidae diet and microbiome, to isolate genotypic from dietary effects on community structure. We observed a significant covariation of skin microbiomes and host genotypes at interspecific (R2 = 24.4%) and intraspecific (R2 = 6.2%) levels, whereas gut microbiomes correlated poorly with host genotypes. Serrasalmidae diet composition was significantly correlated to fish genotype only at the interspecific level (R2 = 5.4%), but did not covary with gut microbiome composition (Mantel R = −.04). Second, we investigated whether the study of interspecific differentiation could benefit from considering host‐associated microbial communities in addition to host genotypes. By using a nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination‐based approach, we observed that ordinations from skin‐ and gut species‐specific bacterial biomarkers identified through a random forest algorithm could significantly increase the average interspecific differentiation detected through host genotype data alone. Although future studies encompassing additional species and environments are needed, our results suggest Serrasalmidae microbiomes could constitute an insightful trait to be considered when studying the interspecific differences between members of this clade.
PINK1‐mediated mitophagy reduced inflammatory responses to Porphyromonas gingivalis in macrophages
Authors: Jiang Ke , Li Jingwen , Jiang Lishan , Li Houxuan , Lei Lang
Published: June 2022

Objective

Mitochondria are strained by microbial stimuli in the periodontal niche. Damaged mitochondria are cleared by mitophagy. The purpose of the study was to explore whether mitophagy participated in the progress of periodontitis and whether activation of mitophagy can inhibit inflammatory responses to bacterial infection in macrophages.

Methods

Mitophagy‐related genes were measured in the healthy and inflamed human gingiva. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) were infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Dexmedetomidine, urolithin A, and resveratrol were used to activate mitophagy, while small interference RNA was utilized to knock down PTEN‐induced putative protein kinase 1 (PINK1). Activation of mitophagy‐related genes and colocalization of them were detected by Western blot and confocal imaging. Damages of mitochondria, accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), and production of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α were measured.

Results

Levels of mitophagy‐related genes were decreased in inflamed periodontal tissues and P. gingivalis‐infected BMDMs. Dexmedetomidine, urolithin A, and resveratrol activated mitophagy, leading to reduced mitochondria damages, decreased mtROS generation, and inhibited IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α production. PINK1 knockdown reduced dexmedetomidine, urolithin A, and resveratrol‐induced anti‐inflammatory effect.

Conclusion

Inhibited mitophagy participated in the progress of periodontitis. Activation of mitophagy may become a therapeutic target during the progress of periodontitis by reducing mtROS.