bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new taxonomic interpretation of the Dicoma anomala complex (Mutisieae, Asteraceae)
Authors: Ortiz S. , Rodríguez‐Oubiña J.
Published: March 2008

The polymorphic African species D. anomala is subdivided in three subspecies and two new nomenclatural combinations in the genus Dicoma (Mutisieae, Asteraceae) are proposed: Dicoma anomala subsp. attenttata and D. anomala subsp. gerrardii.
Chloroplast DNA restriction site variation and RAPD‐analyses in Cochlearia (Brassicaceae): Biosystematics and speciation
Authors: Koch Marcus , Hurka Herbert , Mummenhoff Klaus
Published: March 2008

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) restriction site variation (RFLP), has been analysed in the genus Cochlearia L. sections Cochlearia O.E. Schulz and Glaucocochlearia O.E. Schulz. Members of section Glaucocochlearia are clearly separated from those of section Cochlearia by 28 site mutations, thus supporting taxonomic arrangements into the two sections mentioned. RAPD studies provide further strong evidence for closer relationships among tax a within each section than between sections. CpDNA sequence divergence values in section Cochlearia are extremely low. Although 91 accessions representing 11 species have been analysed by 25 restriction enzymes, only four restriction site mutations were detected characterising six different cp genome types. Low levels of chloroplast DNA divergence would suggest that taxa of section Cochlearia are closely related and most likely have diversified recently. Polyploid Cochlearia offcinalis (2n=24), C. anglica (2n=48) and C. danica (2n=42) displayed infraspecific variation for cp genomes, which could be partly explained by multiple origin and by reticulate evolution. RAPD analyses (22 primers, 140 informative characters, ten taxa from 17 accessions) do not only strongly support these arguments but also helped to clarify speciation processes and biogeographic aspects in more detail. It is argued that South West Europe was the primary center of origin of the polyploids, second centers may be the British Isles, Iceland and locally restricted parts of Middle Europe.
Biodiversity of wood‐inhabiting fungi in a boreal coniferous forest in Ser‐Trendelag County, Central Norway
Authors: Høiland Klaus , Bendiksen Egil
Published: March 2008

A survey of the patterns of lignicolous fungi to record occurrence of fruitbodies on fallen logs ofPicea abies. has been performed. Ninetythree forest stands with different ages. ecology, and histories of management in Ser‐Trendelag County, Central Norway were investigated. In each stand an investigation plot of 40 m diameter was established, in which five logs were randomly selected. Environmental variables of the logs and plots and geographical positions of the plots were recorded. The numerical methods used include detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA).

A total of 140 species of Aphyllophorales, Agaricales with eccentrically attached caps, heterobasiodomycetes, and prominent ascomycetes and deuteromycetes were registered. More than one third of the species were only found once. The main gradient in the data set was shown to be related to decay. The second gradient was related to size of the logs and some forest management variables (in addition to decay). Of the variation in composition of the species, 13.8 % can be ascribed to solely environmental variance, 6 % to solely spatial structure, and only 0.8 % to the combination of the environment and spatial component of variation. The results are discussed in the light of wood decay, forest management, and landscape fragmentation.
Electrophoretic evidence for all otetraploid origin of Dactylorhiza purpurella (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Hedrén Mikael
Published: March 2008

Evidence from all ozyme markers suggests that the NW European Dactylorhiza purpurella (Orchidaceae) is an allotetraploid which originated from taxa closely related to the present‐day D. incarnata s. I. and D. fuchsii/D. maculata. However, Dactylorhiza purpurella deviates more strongly from the allotetraploid condition than other taxa previously investigated in Dactylorhiza (i.e., D. majalis, D. traunsteineri, D. sphagnicola, and D. lapponica), in that the characteristic incarnata alleles occur at lower frequencies than expected at two loci. It is suggested that D. purpurella arose from parents slightly different from those giving rise to the other allotetraploids, or that the tetraploid genome in D. purpurella has been modified by rare recombination events between homoeologous chromosomes, replacing segments of the incarnata chromosomes with the fuchsii/maculata genome.
Is the polyploid cranberry (Vaccinium sp.) in Finland tetraploid or hexaploid?
Authors: Ahokas Hannu
Published: March 2008

Only the hexaploid chromosome number of 2n=72 has been reported with convincing documentation for polyploid cranberry (Vaccinium) clones in Finland. Meiosis is regular in those cases which have been checked and dispersal by seeds is apparently efficient. The recent documented determinations of hexaploidy in Central Europe and N Asia and the reports in N America and N Europe may mean a circumpolar distribution of hexaploid cranberry.
Phylogenetic implications of endosperm cell wall morphology in Douglasia, Androsace, and Vitaliana (Primulaceae)
Authors: Anderberg Arne A. , Kelso Sylvia
Published: March 2008

We investigated differences in endosperm cell wall thickening in three genera of Primulaceae; seven species of Douglasia, 28 species of Androsace representing the four sections of the genus, and the single species of the genus Vitaliana. Endosperm cell walls have irregular wall thickenings and narrow constrictions and characterize all Douglasia species and Vitaliana, whereas evenly thickened cell walls without constrictions were found in the endosperm of Androsace and Primula. The endosperm character supports the monophyly of Douglasia and Vitaliana, and we discuss the phylogenetic implications of this conclusion.
Notes on species of Mallomonas in the series Peronoides (Mallomonadaceae, Synurophyceae)
Authors: Siver P. A. , Vigna M. S.
Published: March 2008

The series Peronoides of the genus Mallomonas consists of four taxa most often reported from warm, generally tropical, climates. Recently, the taxonomic position of M. bangladeshica has been questioned, and new observations on all of the species made. The purpose of this paper was to assemble and summarize the existing literature. and report on the morphological variability of specimens of M. peronoides and M. bangladeshica found in and around the delta region of the Paraná River in Argentina. We describe several additional morphological features for each taxon. We further propose that the taxon M. bangladeshica be retained at the present time, but as a variety of M. peronoides as originally proposed by Takahashi and Hayakawa (1979).
Systematics of the genus Liparia (Fabaceae)
Authors: Schutte Anne Lise
Published: March 2008

A taxonomic revision of the genus Liparia (Fabaceae, tribe Liparieae) is presented. Liparia is endemic to the Cape fynbos region of South Africa and comprises 20 species. Morphological, cytological and chemical characters in the genus are briefly discussed. A cladistic analysis of 13 morphological characters produced a single partially resolved cladogram, with two distinct main clades. In the taxonomic treatment these two groups are accorded sectional status. One species is described as new, viz.: L. racemosa. Two identification keys are provided, one for use in the herbarium and one for use in the field. Full descriptions, diagnostic characters, illustrations and distribution maps of the species are given.
Bowes, B. G. 1996. A Colour Atlas of Plant Structure.
Authors: Hœggström Carl‐Adam
Published: March 2008

Bowes, B. G. 1996. A Colour Atlas of Plant Structure. —192
Revision of the southeast Asian genus Sageraea (Annonaceae)
Authors: van Heusden E. C. H.
Published: March 2008

Sageraea consists of 9 species, two of which are newly described: S. sarawakensis from Sarawak and S. zeylanica from Sri Lanka. Its distribution ranges from India to the Philippines and Indonesia. Sageraea is closely related to Stelechocarpus, with which it shares the imbricate aestivation of the sepals and petals. Further characteristics are the usually glabrous plants, the coriaceous leaves, the thick, fleshy stamens, and ovules or seeds in 2 series.
A morphometric analysis of spontaneous and artificial hybrids of Pinus mugo ×sylvestris (Pinaceae)
Authors: Christensen Knud Ib , Dar Ghulam Hassan
Published: March 2008

Hybridization among Pinus mugo and P.sylvestris is visualized in Wells' distance diagrams using either equally or differently weighted characters. Parents and hybrids are better resolved in diagrams using differently weighted characters. Putative hybrids from mixed, planted or naturalized stands of P. mugo and P. sylvestris in SW and NW Jutland, Denmark, are compared with artificial F1 and spontaneous material of P. mugo × sylvestris (P. × rhaetica) from the Alps and the Pyrenees. The natural hybrids are primary hybrids, rather than introgressants.
Biogeography of vascular plants on habitat islands, peninsulas and mainlands in an eascentral Swedish agricultural landscape
Authors: Köchy Martin , Rydin Håkan
Published: March 2008

The increase of island species richness with area can be explained by an increase in habitat diversity or by an equilibrium of species immigration and extinction. We examined vascular plant species richness in 39 sites (24 habitat islands, 7 ‘habitat peninsulas’ and 8 comparable ‘mainland’ sites). We sampled at three scales: whole sites, meadows within sites and quadrats (4 m × 4 m) within meadows. All sites (10–104 m2) contained natural vegetation within arable fields in eascentral Sweden. There was a strong correlation between species richness and area for whole sites and for meadows There was no correlation, however, between species richness in quadrats and site area. The difference between site and meadow results on one side and quadrat results on the other suggests that species richness increases with whole site area primarily because large sites are more diverse than smaller ones. Speciearea relationships did not differ between islands, peninsula and mainland sites. Thus, patterns of species richness on our sites were more consistent with habitat diversity than an immigratioextinction equilibrium.
Five new species of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) from Borneo
Authors: Theilade Ida , Mood John
Published: March 2008

Recent collections from Sabah and Sarawak have revealed a wide species diversity among the Bornean members of the genus Zingiber. Four previously unknown and one incompletely known species of the genus are presented. Z. vinosum is a lowland species characterized by its burgundy colour of the lower surface of the leaves. Z. lambii was collected in primary lowland forest on ultramafic soil while Z. argenteum was collected in primary lowland forest on limestone. Both are characterized by their silvery leaves and orange inflorescences. Z. pendulum, found in primary mountain forest, has pending leafy stems and a deeply split labellum with very well developed side‐lobes. Z. latifolium, found in secondary mountain forest, is vegetatively distinct by its broad leaves with a densely pubescent margin Z. vinosum, Z. Iambii, Z. pendulum and Z. latifolium are from Sabah and Z. argenteum is from Sarawak.
Planktic cyanophytes and their ecology in the shallow Lake Mikri Prespa, Greece
Authors: Tryfon E. , Moustaka‐Gouni M. , Nikolaidis G.
Published: March 2008

Cyanophytes dominated the phytoplankton of shallow Lake Mikri Prespa during the period May 1990 to September 1992 (76.5 and 52.0% of the total phytoplankton biomass in 1990–1991 and 1991–1992, respectively). Biomass peaks were observed in autumn (from 5.2 to 34.5 g m‐3) when low dissolved inorganic nitrogen, high phosphate phosphorus and low Zcu to Zmix ratio prevailed. The dominant species were Microcystis aeruginosa and M. wesenbergii. These represented 64 and 86% of the cyanophyte biomass in 1990–1991 and 1991–1992, respectively and revealed similar patterns of seasonality forming biomass peaks in late summer ‐ autumn. Small chroococcalean cyanophytes (< 2 μm) showed also similar temporal distributions. Of the filamentous cyanophytes, the most important species was Anabaena lemmermannii var. minor which formed peaks in late summer and autumn (2.6 and 1.1 g m‐3 in 1990 and 1992, respectively). Rainfall and the N:P ratio were probably the main factors influencing the seasonality of all of the filamentous cyanophytes in the lake. Cyanophytes, tended to increase at temperatures higher than 16 °C and at inorganic nitrogen concentrations lower than 100 μg 1‐‐1. The frequent mixing of the water column did not seem to prohibit the substantial increase of the group.
Breeding systems of Australian Ranunculus in the alpine region
Authors: Pickering Catherine Marina
Published: March 2008

The breeding systems of five species of Ranunculus that co‐occur in the Australian alpine region were investigated in the field and glasshouse. Ranunculus muelleri, R.dissectifolius, R.graniticola, R.millanii and R.niphophilus are all facultatively xenogamous. Flowers appear to promote outcrossing by incomplete protogyny (flowers are female for 1–3 days, then bisexual for 3–10 days). Hand pollinations on plants in the field demonstrate that R.muelleri, R.graniticola, R.niphophilus and R.millanii are fully self‐compatible, while R.dissectifolius is only partly self‐compatible. However, low index of self‐incompatibility values for R.graniticola indicate that this species may also be only partly self‐compatible. Moderate levels of seed set from bagged flowers indicate that autogamous seed set due to automatic and/or possible thrips mediated intrafloral pollination may be common in all five species. Polled ovule ratios ranged from 992 to 3045 for these species of Ranunculus which are consistent with facultative xenogamy. The breeding systems of the Australian Ranunculus species in the alpine region are compared to that of other Ranunculus and examined in relation to the alpine environment.
Allozyme variation and genetic integrity of Dactylorhiza incarnata (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Pedersen Henrik Ærenlund
Published: March 2008

Eleven Danish populations of the diploidDactylorhiza incarnatas.lat. have been examined for allozyme variation in DIA, PGD, PGI, PGM, SKD, TP1, and UGPP. The results reveal a deficiency of heterozygotes in several populations. Possible reasons for this deficiency are considered. The results also indicate that no genetic barrier seems to prevent gene flow betweenD. incarnatavar.incarnata, var.dunensis, and var.ochrantha —and some indication exists that a considerable amount of gene exchange takes place between sympatric populations of var.incarnataand var.ochrantha. On the other hand, there is no sign of recent introgression betweenD. incarnatas.lat. and any of the sympatric tetraploid species (D. maculata, D. majalis, D. purpurellas.lat.). It is suggested that knowledge on the various degrees of genetic integrity of morphologically recognizable entities should be elaborated and subsequently utilized for a biosystematic approach toDactylorhiza.
Siamanthus, a new genus of Zingiberaceae from Thailand
Authors: Larsen Kai , Mood John
Published: March 2008

The monotypic genus Siamanthus gen. nov. (Zingiberaceae) and the species Siamanthus siliquosus sp. nov. are described and illustrated. The origin and relationships are discussed.
Effect of pollen limitation, additional nutrients, flower position and flowering phenology on fruit and seed production in Salvia verbenaca (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Navarro Luis
Published: March 2008

Variation in fruit set, seed/ovule ratio and mean single‐seed weight among plants, and within plants among inflorescences, was investigated in a population of Salvia verbenaca in northwest Spain. Mean single‐seed weight varied significantly among plants which flowered at about the same time and mean single‐seed weight was significantly greater for plants that flowered late in the season than for plants flowering early in the season. Within individual plants, mean single‐seed weight increased steadily between the earlier opening basal inflorescences and the later opening upper inflorescences. However, neither fruit set nor seed/ovule ratio varied significantly among inflorescences. Previous work on this population indicates that outcrossing improves mean single‐seed weight, so I suggest that the observed pattern of among‐inflorescence variation in mean single‐seed weight may be attributable to a gradual increase in nonself pollen receipt as the flowering season progresses.
Allozyme diversity in Japanese populations of Hemerocallis thunbergii, H. middendorffii, and H. exaltata (Liliaceae)
Authors: Kang Soon Suk , Noguchi Junko , Park Ki Bae , Chung Myong Gi
Published: March 2008

Eight populations ofHemerocallis thunbergii, H. middendorffii, andH. exaltatafrom Japan were analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis to measure genetic variation at ten allozyme loci. The former two species are widely distributed in eastern Asia, whereasH. exaltatais restricted to the Tobishima and Sado Islands in western Japan. Populations of the three species maintain high levels of allozyme variation: mean expected heterozygosities were 0.288, 0.209, and 0.169, respectively. The UPGMA phenogram obtained from Nei's genetic distance values indicated thatH. exaltatais allozymically the most distinct species, whereas populations ofH. thunbergiiandH. middendorffiiare closely related. However, based on gross morphologyH. exaltataandH. middendorffiiare closely related. This discrepancy and the observed high levels of allozyme variation within populations of the threeHemerocallisspecies in Japan may in part be due to genetic change among populations of the two Japanese archipelago species.
Embryological studies in Sanango racemosum (Loganiaceae s.l.)
Authors: Maldonado S. , Otegui M. , Bozini J. P.
Published: March 2008

An embryological study was undertaken in the Amazonian genus Sanango in an attempt to help clarify the relationship of the genus. Detailed description of microsporangium, microsporogenesis, microspore, ovule, megasporogenesis, embryo sac and development of the endosperm are presented. The results confirm that Sanango is undoubtedly related to the Scrophulariales but it remains to be determined what the most satisfactory assignment of the genus should be. On the basis of early endosperm development, Sanango appears as closely related to the Gesneriaceae as well to the Scrophulariaceae. Further studies of embryonic stages and seed coat development would be helpful in clarifying this relationship. The other embryological features studied here seem not to be of taxonomic importance. A closer relationship with the Loganiaceae (Gentianales) is improbable.
A new species of Wellstedia (Boraginaceae) from Somalia
Authors: Timlin Mats
Published: March 2008

The new species Wellstedia robusta, from mountain ridges and slopes south‐west of Qandala in north‐eastern Somalia, is described and illustrated.
Breeding system, germination, and phenotypic differences among populations of Saxifraga aizoides (Saxifragaceae) at the periphery of its alpine distribution
Authors: Meier Christine , Holderegger Rolf
Published: March 2008

We investigated breeding system, germination capacity, and phenotypic variation within and among several populations of the arctic‐alpineSaxifraga aizoidesfrom the periphery of its alpine distribution area in Switzerland. Flowers ofS. aizoidesproved to be self‐compatible, but crossing yielded much higher seed set than selfing. Agamospermy did not occur. This result fits well into a general lay‐out of the common breeding system in the genusSaxifraga.Germination of the pioneer speciesS. aizoideswas fast and high in most populations and for most stratification and germination conditions. Nevertheless, a small, isolated population of this species exhibited a lower germination rate, possibly caused by enhanced inbreeding. Phenotypic variation, especially in petal colour and leaf shape, indicated considerable genetic variation within and among populations ofS. aizoides.High germination capacity, successful selfing, and the possibility to maintain substantial intrapopulational genetic variation due to high outbreeding may play decisive roles in the maintenance of biogeographically outlying, relic populations ofS. aizoidesin the Swiss Plateau as well as in the colonization of new habitat patches.
Synflorescences of Malvaceae
Authors: Bayer Clemens
Published: March 2008

Application of the synflorescence concept provides a precise terminology to describe homologous inflorescence structures of Malvaceae. The synflorescences of Malvaceae are generally polytelic, but terminal flowers occur as rare exceptions, which are likely to represent reversals and might be comparable to cases known in Arabidopsis or Antirrhinum. The florescences are composed of cymose partial florescences that exhibit a specific structure: their first prophyllar node may bear a lateral, originally vegetative monopodial shoot; the second prophyll may subtend a sympodium of one‐flowered modules. The number of flowers is variable, but even in one‐flowered partial florescences the lateral vegetative bud is usually present. In most species the prophylls and internodes within the partial florescences are reduced. Other variations of the basic type include condensation of florescences and the occurrence of accessory buds in partial florescences.
Palaquium hansenii, a new species of Sapotaceae from Thailand
Authors: Chantaranothai Pranom
Published: March 2008

Palaquium hansenii is described and illustrated and a key is presented to the ten species of Palaquium found in Thailand
Colonization of secondary woodlands by Anemone nemorosa
Authors: Brunet Jörg , von Oheimb Goddert
Published: March 2008

Migration of the herb species Anemone nemorosa from older woodlands into adjacent, recently established deciduous woodlands on former arable land was studied. The wood anemone had colonized part of all studied recent woods, varying in age between 30 and 75 years. Cover of A. nemorosa in the recent woods decreased with increasing distance from the older woodland at all sites but one, indicating dispersal limitation during colonization. The advancing edge of most populations was characterized by negative logarithmic decrease in cover with establishment of isolated pioneer individuals and later gradual infill between pioneers. Migration rates were calculated by three methods. The mean migration rate of A. nemorosa based on observed maximum cover in the recent woods was 0.20 m year1, 0.40 m year‐1 based on half maximum cover and 0.85 m year1 based on the individual found farthest from the former woodland border. The calculated migration rates were consistently higher than the rate of possible rhizome growth. Seed dispersal and establishment is thus very important for colonization of new woodlands. Migration rates increased with tree canopy cover–especially cover of broad‐leaved species with quickly decomposing litter–and with soil pH. Migration rates decreased with increasing grass cover in the field layer. These differences in migration rates may be due to increased micro‐site availability for establishment at high canopy cover, low grass cover and high soil pH. Our results show that the wood anemone generally colonizes recent woods from nearby source populations. However, colonization proceeds relatively slowly and is limited by both seed dispersal and availability of suitable micro‐sites. Gradients in abundance of A. nemorosa within secondary woods may be detectable for long periods of time and indicate the recent origin of a woodland.
Long‐term changes in the marine macroalgae of Lågskär, Åland Sea (N Baltic)
Authors: Rönnberg Olof , Mathiesen Lisbeth
Published: March 2008

Species composition, abundance and depth distribution of marine macroalgae were studied at Lågskär, the Åland Sea, in August 1993. Altogether, 26 species were identified and the most diverse vegetation, comprising 18 species, was recorded at a depth of 4–7 m. Comparison with the results obtained by Andersson in 1956 indicates that the total number of species had decreased by 6, and that the best developed and most diverse algal vegetation was then recorded at a depth of 10–15 m. In 1993 species such as Aglaothamnion roseum, Audouinella efflorescens, Phyllophora pseudoceranoides, Halopteris scoparia and Sphacelaria plumigera had disappeared, or were not recorded. Sphacelaria arctica, Cladophora rupestris, Stictyosiphon tortilis and Polysiphonia fucoides, in the 1950s important and dominating species, were greatly reduced in number. However, Pilayella littoralis, Ectocarpus siliculosus, Fucus vesioculosus and Rhodomela confervoides had increased. Compared with the drastic phytobenthic changes recorded in many coastal areas of the Baltic, the changes in the offshore Lågskär area are of minor extent.
A new species of Coreopsis (Compositae — Heliantheae) from Mexico
Authors: Tadesse Mesfin
Published: March 2008

Coreopsis crawfordii is described and illustrated. It is also compared with themorphologically similar species, C. pringlei and C. rudis, also from Mexico, and a key to all the species of Coreopsis known from Mexico is provided.
Stomatal characteristics in different habitat forms of Brazilian species of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Stancato Giulio Cesare , Mazzoni‐Viveiros Solange Cristina , Luchi Agnes Elisete
Published: March 2008

Brazilian species of the genus Epidendrum, distributed over various habitats, were analysed for epidermal structure to test correlations between habitat form and variation in stomatal parameters. This study confirmed the tendency for stomatal index values to increase in the apical direction of the foliar surface in this genus. The generally held view that there are a smaller number of stomata on the adaxial surface in amphistomatic leaves was contradicted for E. vesicatum, whose pendent sympodia showed that the adaxial foliar surfaces assume the abaxial position in relation to light incidence.
Six new species of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) from Borneo
Authors: Theilade I. , Mood J.
Published: March 2008

Six new species of the genus Zingiber from Borneo are presented. Z viridiflavum was collected in primary lowland forest, while Z chlorobracteatum was collected in hilly secondary forest. Both are characterized by their slender fusiform inflorescences with yellow‐green bracts. Z. flagelliforme found in primary lowland forest displays a peculiar reproduction habit in its tapering leafy shoots which bend over to trail on the ground where plantlets produced in the leaf‐axis take root. Z velutinum was found in mid‐elevation secondary forest. It is a tall plant with large ovate inflorescences and bright red, densely hairy bracts. Z phillippsii was found in a gulley in montane primary forest. It is vegetatively characterized by its purple stems and glabrous leaves while the inflorescence has a similarity to the common Bornean species Z. coloratum. Z. georgeii is distinct by its procumbent inflorescences with orange bracts. Z viridiflavum, Z. chlorobracteatum, Z. flagelliforme, Z. phillippsii and Z velutinum are from Sabah and Z georgeii is from Sarawak.
A new species of Zingiber (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam
Authors: Theilade I. , Mood J.
Published: March 2008

Zingiber collinsii, a new species from Vietnam is described and illustrated. It is placed in section Zingiber having the inflorescence on a radical, short erect scape.
Two new species of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) from Thailand
Authors: Hansen Bertel , Phuphathanaphong Leena
Published: March 2008

Aristolochia baenzigeri and A. longeracemosa, both from Northern Thailand, are described as new species and illustrated.
Chapmannia (Leguminosae‐Stylosanthinae) extended
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

The circumscription ofChapmannia, previously considered a monotypic genus confined to Florida, is extended to include alsoPachecoa(with a single species in Mexico, Guatemala and Venezuela) andArthrocarpum(with one species on Socotra and one species in Somalia). The new combinationsC. prismatica, C. somalensisandC. gracilisare made. Three new species,C. sericea, C. tinireanaand C.reghidensis, are described and illustrated, all from Socotra (Yemen).Chapmannia, with this new circumscription, becomes a markedly disjunct genus with two species in America and five species in the Horn of Africa region. It is suggested that this amphiatlantic distribution can be interpreted in the context of the boreotropics hypothesis.
Diversification in insular plants: inferring the phylogenetic relationship in Aeonium (Crassulaceae) using ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA
Authors: Jorgensen Tove H. , Frydenberg Jane
Published: March 2008

The ITS regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA were sequenced in 37 species of the genus Aeonium. A phylogeny obtained through the use of parsimony agrees to some extent with the sectional division of the genus and confirms the position of two newly described species. It also suggests the potential importance of reticulate evolution in the genus. Based on the geographic distribution of this particular island group and the growth forms of its species, dispersal across similar ecological zones of different islands followed by adaptive radiation and isolation are suggested to be the prominent routes in speciation. As is typical of island genera, large polytomies at the distal nodes in the phylogeny indicate a recent rapid radiation.
A new varietal combination in Chenopodium (Chenopodiaceae) from eastern Africa
Authors: Gilbert Michael G.
Published: March 2008

The new combination Chenopodium fasciculosum van schimperi is made.
A new species of Waltheria (Sterculiaceae) from Somalia
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Waltheria laxa, sp. nov., is described from near Mogadishu in south‐central Somalia. The species seems to be unique in the mainly neotropical genus Waltheria in its free stamens. It is also unusual in its comparatively long‐pedicelled flowers with a distinctly stipitate ovary.
The infraspecific taxa of Pleiotaxis huillensis (Mutisieae, Asteraceae)
Authors: Ortiz Santiago , Rodríguez‐Oubiña Juan
Published: March 2008

The species from Angola Pleiotaxis huillensis (Mutisieae, Asteraceae) is subdivided into three subspecies and one variety. Specifically, P. huillensis subsp axillaris and P. huillensis subsp. huillensis var. macrocephala are described as new taxa, and a new nomenclatural combination is proposed (P. huillensis subsp. argentea).
Vegetation dynamics following trampling in grassland and heathland in Sølendet Nature Reserve, a boreal upland area in Central Norway
Authors: Arnesen Trond
Published: March 2008

Trampling is recognised as a cause of disturbance in grassland and heathland vegetation along two public nature trails in Sølendet nature reserve in central Norway. The effects of trampling by visitors and of controlled trampling were monitored over a period of 5–7 years in permanent plots. A retrogressive development was recorded as vegetation cover and height were reduced and a substantial loss of species richness and biomass took place. Some species, mainly graminoids such as Agrostis capillaris and Carex vaginata, initially appeared to be more tolerant, but were eventually reduced as well. Low, geophytic and prostrate habits of growth and hardy leaf tissues seemed to be beneficial for tolerance to trampling. Moist grassland and lichen‐dominated heathland were more vulnerable to trampling than dry grassland. Even though 350–1500 visitors walked through the permanent plots along the trails each summer, effects on the soil surface remained moderate and only a minor furrow was visible on the ground.
Validation of Zingiber collinsii (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam
Authors: Theillade I. , Mood J.
Published: March 2008

The name Zingiber collinsii is validated and some corrections to an ealier publication are given.
The efficiency of insect pollination of the neophyte Impatiens glandulifera (Balsaminaceae)
Authors: Titze A.
Published: March 2008

To comprehend the reproductional success of Impatiens glandulifera in Central Europe, the pollination system was analyzed under field conditions. Impatiens glandulifera attracts a lot of visitors because of its abundant amount of nectar with its high sugar content. The range of visitors, their composition and their changes during the blooming time and their pollen loading capacity were investigated as well as plant and flower morphology, the nectar production, the quantity and viability of pollen, the stigmatic pollen load, the pollen/ovule ratio and the seed production of the neophyte. The visitors, which in Central Europe almost exclusively utilize the nectar, are passively covered with pollen because of the morphology and the mobile suspension of the flowers. Consequently the next landing results in a pollination of I. glandulifera during the female blooming phase. Although the germination rate of the pollen deposited on the stigma is very low, a 100% seed set is readily obtained during the initial visit to a flower in female stage.
A new species of Passiflora subgenus Tacsonia (Passifloraceae) from the Andes of Peru
Authors: Ulmer Torsten , Schwerdtfeger Michael
Published: March 2008

A new species is described from the Andes of Peru. Passiflora weigendii sp. nov. is a close relative of P. mixta, P. tripartita var. mollissima and P. cumbalensis var. mesadenia but differs in having pendent flowers and a different form of the stipules which have an arista about 1cm long. The new species is somewhat intermediate between the sections Elkea and Tacsonia and thus questions the current classification.
Microsporogenesis in Pinus sylvestris. VI. Exine and tapetal development during the tetrad period
Authors: Rowley John R. , Skvarla John J. , Walles Björn
Published: March 2008

Coverage is of microspore tetrad period from end of cytokinesis to introduction of endexine in Pinus sylvestris. The ectexine of aperture, cap zone and sacci and the endexine are initiated while microspores are in the tetrad condition and enveloped in callose. Ectexine patterning including considerable expansion of sacci develops prior to the initiation of the endexine. Alveoli, sacci and alveoli within sacci are initiated by cytoplasmic invaginations which are sites of uptake of cell surface coat (glycocalyx) along with nutrients bound to the glycocalyx. Applications of tracers show that glycocalyx elements bind to cations and transport them to the cytoplasm. From the beginning of exine formation these invaginations are largest in the regions of future sacci and very small in the aperture. As growth progresses cytoplasm surrounding invaginations partially retracts, but callose contact is retained. Thus, these invaginations become callose covered hemispheroids (alveoli) that are “open” to the cell surface proximally and covered by callose distally but only partially so at the sides of the “cup‐shaped” alveoli. Until introduction of the endexine part of the alveolar‐sides are made up of cytoplasmic protrusions which contact the callose protrusions, even across sacci expanded more than 3 μm. Glycocalyx elements become aligned on the inner surface of the callosic alveoli and are sites for sporopollenin accumulation. The template for endexine components consists of glycocalyx elements that become aligned near the plasma membrane. Our observations indicate that uptake from the loculus to the microspore cytoplasm changes after introduction of the endexine. Henceforth, uptake is assisted by the endexine, as shown by tracers. Tapetal cells undergo two periods of hyperactivity during the period covered. Hyperactivity took place at the beginning of uptake by microspores and during endexine formation. The extra tapetal lamellation and its tapetal markers begin to exhibit the intense staining, after endexine initiation.
Lectotypification of names of south Swedish Hieracium species (Asteraceae)
Authors: Tyler Torbjörn
Published: March 2008

Ninety‐six south Swedish taxa in Hieracium L. sect. Hieracium and H. sect Vulgata (Griseb.) Willk. & Lange are lectotypified. The authorship of each name is analysed and the identity and synonomy of some dubious taxa are discussed.‐Flora Nordica Note no. 24
A taxonomic study of phlebioid fungi (Basidiomycota)
Authors: Parmasto Erast , Hallenberg Nils
Published: March 2008

The genus Phlebia has long been regarded as a polyphyletic or paraphyletic taxon, including distinct groups of more closely related species. Consequently, the delimitation of the genus has been given different interpretations and several rearrangements have been proposed by various authors. In the present study, DNA sequences (25S, rDNA) were obtained for twenty species of the genus Phlebia and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. Because of the presumably paraphyletic nature of the genus, different outgroups were used for different sets of taxa. A core group of species, including the type Ph. radiata, is well distinguished. For the delimitation of the genus, however, the wider scope of a more weakly supported clade is proposed. This clade also includes Phlebiopsis gigantea and its combination in Phlebia is reaffirmed. Two species, Ph. griseoflavescens and Ph. tristis, are distinctly separated from this clade and should be removed from the genus. Morphological characters were used in a separate phylogenetic analysis but the result did not conform with analysis from sequence data.
A new species of Etlingera (Zingiberaceae) from peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand
Authors: Mood John , Ibrahim Halijah
Published: March 2008

Etlingera corneri, a new species from peninsular Malaysia and southern Thailand is described and illustrated.
Covariation among Alaskan chrysophyte stomatocyst assemblages and environmental gradients: A comparison with diatom assemblages
Authors: Stewart Kevin , Gregory‐Eaves Irene , Zeeb Barbara A. , Smol John P.
Published: March 2008

Northern lakes, for which we have little long‐term data, are predicted to experience profound impacts with greenhouse warming. In order to assess the usefulness of chrysophytes as paleoenvironmental indicators, stomatocysts were enumerated from the surface sediments of 51 Alaskan lakes distributed along a strong climatic gradient. A total of 142 cyst morphotypes were described using light microscopy, of which 13 are believed to be new forms.

Principal components analysis of the stomatocyst assemblages showed a limited amount of variation (Λ1= 0.11, Λ2= 0.09). However, redundancy analysis identified total phosphorus (TP), sodium (Na), and altitude (ALT) as significant variables in terms of their ability to describe the distribution of stomatocysts. Major ion and nutrient concentrations were also found to be strong predictors of diatom variation from the same lake set. In comparison to the diatom assemblages from the same lakes, the cysts were less abundant and showed a lower amount of species variation. Reasons for the lack of variation may be due to the predominance of unornamented and collective category cysts (i. e. cysts which cannot be differentiated under the light microscope).
Desmids (Chlorophyta, Desmidiaceae) from Thale Noi (Thailand)
Authors: Coesel Peter F. M.
Published: March 2008

The desmid flora of laguna Thale Noi, a large freshwater lake in the south‐eastern part of Thailand, appeared to be characterized by a high portion of non‐cosmopolitan taxa. Next to a series of pantropical species, quite a lot of Indo‐Malaysian/North Australian flora elements were encountered. A number of species are taxonomically discussed. As new to science are described: Euastrum siamense sp. nov., Cosmarium javanicum var. williamsonii var. nov. and Cosmarium siamense sp. nov.
The influence of plant and corolla size on pollen deposition and seed set in Geranium sanguineum (Geraniaceae)
Authors: Philipp Marianne , Hansen Thomas
Published: March 2008

In a coastal grassland area the influence of plant and corolla size on insect visitation rate, pollen deposition on stigmas and seed set was measured in a natural population of Geranium sanguineum. Visits by bumble bees, the primal pollinators, were significantly affected by plant size measured as the number of flowers, and differences in visit rates among plants were explained by size differences among these. On average, larger plants had bigger corollas. The mean corolla area affected pollen deposition positively whereas deposition did neither affect seed set (number per flower) nor seed weight. Insects reaction to corolla size was dependent on plant size, and thus we found the effect of corolla size on pollen deposition to decline with plant size. Instead pollen deposition per plant seemed to be correlated to overall floral display. We argued that resource status of the individual plants could explain corolla size and seed set variation. The finding of some plant setting seeds while other plant with comparable size did not set any seeds could not be explained satisfactory by resource limitation.
Anchusa samothracica (Boraginaceae), a new species from the island of Samothraki, Greece
Authors: Bigazzi Massimo , Selvi Federico
Published: March 2008

A new species of Anchusa, A. samothracica. is described from the island of Samothraki, in the north‐eastern Aegean sea. The species belongs to subg. Anchusa but shows a phenotypic differentiation from the Mediterranean and Anatolian congeneric taxa for a particular combination of vegetative and floral characters. Ecological traits are also peculiar, the species being restricted to the unique sandy beach of the island. SEM analyses provide additional information on the micromorphology of the indumentum, pollen grains, shape and receptive surface of the stigma, and mericarp coat surface. Some aspects concerning the systematic relationships and possible origin of the species are discussed. Due to its ecological specialization and localization in a site subjected to heavy goat grazing and touristic impact, A. samothracica is in need of total protection in its natural habitat and should be added to the Red Lists of plants of the European Community. A lectotype for Anchusa sartorii Gusul., a Greek endemic, is also designated.
Two new taxa of Geigeria (Asteraceae, Inuleae) from Angola, with a multivariate analysis of Geigeria aspalathoides
Authors: Ortiz Santiago , Rodríguez‐Oubiña Juan , Buján Manuela
Published: March 2008

Comparison of the morphological characters of specimens of Geigeria aspalathoides (Asteraceae, Inuleae), with the aid of cluster analysis, indicates the existence of two subspecies endemic from Angola: subsp. aspalathoides and subsp. chorleyana. In addition, we describe a new species of this genus, Geigeria decurrens, from Angola.
Autumn phytoplankton assemblages in temperate lakes of different eutrophication level in the middle part of Sweden
Authors: Danilov Roman A. , Ekelund Nils G. A.
Published: March 2008

Phytoplankton assemblages were studied during autumn 1998 in oligo‐, meso‐ and eutrophic lakes in central Sweden (62°54′N). Differences in phytoplankton assemblages have been detected both in space and time. In eutrophic lakes coccoid Chlorophyceae dominated quantitatively during September and October. Diatoms were the most diverse group in all types of lakes in September and in meso‐ and oligotrophic lakes in October. In November Cryptophyceae became the most abundant group in all lakes. The total richness of species decreased in the meso‐ and oligotrophic environments in November compared to September and October, whilst in the eutrophic environment it remained almost unchanged. Cluster analyses, using both presence‐absence and presence‐absence in combination with abundance matrices, showed similar results and a good resolution between the lakes of different eutrophication conditions. We conclude that the phytoplankton assemblages of the lakes studied depended on the trophic conditions and thus they can be used for resolution between different eutrophication levels.
Ten new species of Commiphora (Burseraceae) from Somalia
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

The following new species are described: Commiphora arenaria from bushland on sand in south‐central Somalia, C. gardoensis from limestone slopes in the Qardho area in north‐eastem Somalia, C. stellatopubescens from bushland on limestone outcrops or stony ground in the Hiiraan Region in south‐central Somalia, C. spinulosa from limestone rocks on the escarpment along the Gulf of Aden in northeastern Somalia, C. lobatospathulata from bushland on sand in central and south‐central Somalia, C. quercifoliola from bushland on shallow soil over limestone near Eil in north‐eastem Somalia, C. chiovendana from bushland in northern and central Somalia, C. multifoliolata from limestone hills and ridges in south‐westem Somalia, C. murraywatsonii from limestone outcrops near Hobyo in central Somalia, and C. kucharii from bushland on shallow soils over limestone in central and southern Somalia.
Morphological and phytochemical features of secretory structures in Hypericum richeri (Clusiaceae)
Authors: Fornasiero R. Baroni , Maff L. , Benvenuti S. , Bianchi A.
Published: March 2008

Structural and complementary chemical studies were carried out on Hypericum richeri, a lesser known species amongst those reported for folk medical use. We found only one type of secretory glands consisting of black dots which are present even in early emerging leaves. In the fully expanded leaves the nodular structure appears to be composed by a cluster of cells. These become unfunctional and disassembled towards the end of their development, and are used only as reservoirs of secretion products. HPTLC analyses showed that flower buds and flowers are the plant parts richest in active compounds. However, the spectrum of active compounds accumulated by H. richeri was both quantitatively and qualitatively similar to those reported for the pharmaceutically utilized, H. perforatum, and thus could potentially represent a possible alternative to this species.
A new species of Gillbeea (Cunoniaceae) from north‐eastern Queensland, Australia
Authors: Rozefelds Andrew C. , Pellow Belinda
Published: March 2008

Gillbeea whypallana sp. nov. is described from the Wet Tropics of North Queensland. This species differs from G. adenopetala in the larger serrate asymmetrical stipules, hirsute leaves and fruits and the number of lateral veindleaflet. Gillbeea adenopetala and G. whypallana both differ from G. papuana in having hairs on the lateral margins of the petals, and in having more than two ovules per carpel. The comparative morphology of the three Gillbeea species is described and illustrated, and the phylogenetic placement of the genus within the Cunoniaceae is discussed briefly.
Additional nomenclatural notes to Flora Nordica (Chenopodiaceae ‐ Fumariaceae)
Authors: Jonsell Bengt
Published: March 2008

Names of 18 taxa are lecto‐, neo‐ or epitypified, validated or published in new combinations. — Flora Nordica Notes No. 26.
Validation of Ranunculus ficaria L. ssp. fertilis Clapham ex Lqaard (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Lægaard Simon
Published: March 2008

The origin and status of the name Ranunculus ficaria L. var. or ssp. fertilis is discussed and the infraspecific name is validated. — Flora Nordica Notes No. 27.
Typifications and new nomenclatural combinations in Nordic Cerastium fontanum taxa (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Jackson Michael B. Wyse
Published: March 2008

Nomenclatural types for Cerastium fontanum Baumg. and infra‐specific taxa occurring in the Nordic region are designated. Five new combinations (comb. nov. or stat. nov.) are made. — Flora Nordica Notes No. 29.