bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corrosion‐Resistant Shape‐Programmable Zn–I2 Battery
Authors: Sonigara Keval K. , Vaghasiya Jayraj V. , Pumera Martin
Published: July 2024

Zinc–iodine (Zn–I2) batteries are promising, low‐cost and safe aqueous rechargeable energy storage devices. An iodide shuttle‐induced corrosion and poor zinc (Zn) stripping/plating often result in a limited battery lifetime, urges the development of multifunctional Zn anodes. To overcome these problems, here multifunctional Zn‐anode is demonstrated with shape‐programmability and uniform Zn morphology along low‐indexed (002) crystal plane, achieved by electrodepositing Zn on nitinol alloy (nickel–titanium, NiTi). It is found that the surface oxide layer on NiTi supports the uniform Zn deposition with densely packed and planar film formation that leads high corrosion resistance, while adopts the shape‐memory function. NiTi‐based device achieves extremely steady performance, benefiting from uniform and planar Zn morphology during cycling, whereas the Zn‐based device short‐circuits due to dendritic development under severe iodide corrosion. It is also demonstrated a flat‐shape‐programmed flexible pouch cell Zn–I2 battery (SP‐ZIB), which performs well in bent mode, recovers its original flat shape at elevated temperature, and shows consistent performance for validated cycles. The shape‐memory function of NiTi makes this Zn–I2 battery advanced by flexibility and shape‐programmable features. This study represents fresh insight for using smart materials as multifunctional features for the next‐generation Zn‐I2 batteries.
Dual‐Phase Elastomeric Electrolyte with a Latitude‐Longitude Interwoven Structure for High‐Energy Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Ying , Fu Fang , Teng Hong , Sun Yuxue , Zhang Shiyuan , Zhang Aotian , Zhang Nan , Jing Ruonan , Cong Lina , Xie Haiming , Sun Liqun
Published: July 2024

Solid‐state lithium metal batteries incorporating LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM) as cathodes are developed to meet the high‐energy‐density requirements of energy storage systems. Nevertheless, the process of plating and stripping of Li‐ions on lithium metal electrodes causes significant volume changes, in which ultimately degrade battery performance. In this study, an elastomeric electrolyte with special latitude‐longitude interwoven structure is designed and synthesized successfully, which is composed of a crosslinked phase as filler and a polymeric phase as skeleton. With the increase of polymeric phase, the electrolyte changes from an irregular wrinkle structure to latitude‐longitude interwoven structure. The optimal electrolyte ATPE‐1 with a predominant latitude feature demonstrates remarkable resilience of 800% stretchability and high room temperature ionic conductivity (1.72 mS cm−1). Therefore, the close contact and excellent compatibility with lithium metal anode enable the lithium symmetric cell with ATPE‐1 as electrolyte to maintain a stable and extended cycle life for over 2000 h. Additionally, the existence of the supramolecular interaction between the polymeric phase and crosslinked phase effectively increases the decomposition voltage of the electrolyte. A Li/ATPE‐1/NCM622 cell delivers superior rate performance under ambient conditions. This innovative elastomeric electrolyte offers a promising potential for the practical application in high‐performance solid‐state lithium metal batteries.
Development and characterization of enhanced urea through micronutrients and established technology addition
Authors: Cassim Bruno Maia Abdo Rahmen , Pinheiro Lisboa Izaias , Prestes Clelber Vieira , de Almeida Eduardo , de Carvalho Hudson Wallace Pereira , Lavres José , Lasso Paulo Renato Orlandi , Batista Marcelo Augusto , Otto Rafael
Published: July 2024

It is necessary to increase the agronomic use efficiency of urea to reduce ammonia volatilization and increase crop yield. However, relying solely on urea for the enhanced efficiency technologies development could harm fertilizer integrity, resulting in reduced application quality and fertilizer storage time. The authors aimed at developing and characterizing the physical, chemical, and physicochemical quality of a novel enhanced efficiency fertilizers, synthesized from urea plus boron (B), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), or molybdenum (Mo) addition, with or without N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) associated. Hygroscopicity, hardness, salt index (SI), pH, and thermogravimetric decomposition were the parameters evaluated. Fertilizer quality was assessed through microscopic X‐ray fluorescence, microtomography, and scanning electron microscopy. Micronutrients were added by coating or granulation; they were homogeneously distributed over the fertilizer's granules. The fertilizers’ hardness increased up to 86% with Zn coated compared with uncoated. Granulated urea with B, Zn, Ni, or Mo had greater internal porosity, which resulted in lower hardness. Boron and Zn addition to the fertilizers increased the hygroscopicity in average 388% and 473%, respectively, compared with hygroscopicity observed for urea. Moreover, hygroscopicity was increased by an average of 56% with NBPT addition. Micronutrients addition to the urea granules increased the SI, while thermal decomposition stages of urea were unaffected by micronutrients addition. Enhanced efficiency fertilizers require characterization before agronomic efficiency tests due to changes in their physical, chemical, and physicochemical properties. Unfavorable changes could harm granules integrity and application efficiency in the field, resulting in economic losses to the industry and farmers.
American Rhinologic Society Expert Practice Statement: Indications and Recommendations for Septoplasty in Children
Authors: Rose Austin S. , Makary Chadi A. , Soler Zachary M. , Kimple Adam J. , Pearlman Aaron N. , Ramaswamy Uma S. , Setzen Michael , Gudis David A.
Published: July 2024

The goal of this American Rhinologic Society Expert Practice Statement (EPS) is to provide recommendations and guidance through evidence‐based consensus statements regarding pediatric septoplasty. This EPS was developed following the previously published methodology and approval process. The topics of interest included appropriate indications, safety and efficacy, timing, relevant quality of life instruments, and surgical techniques. Following a modified Delphi approach, six statements were developed, five of which reached consensus and one that did not. These statements and accompanying evidence are summarized along with an assessment of future needs.
Multi‐institutional validation of an AI‐based sinus CT analytic platform with olfactory assessments
Authors: Massey Conner J. , Humphries Stephen M. , Mace Jess C. , Smith Timothy L. , Soler Zachary M. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R.
Published: July 2024

Key points

AI‐based CT sinus analysis may have advantages over visual based systems, for example, Lund–Mackay score.

Here, we show multi‐institutional validation of an AI algorithm using novel OMC classification.

Significant, robust correlations are seen between algorithm outputs and clinical outcomes.
Tailored Supramolecular Interactions in Host–Guest Complexation for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Yang Guangyue , Liu Xin , Wang Linqin , Dong Kaiwen , Zhang Bingqian , Jiang Xiaoqing , Yin Yanfeng , Wang Minhuan , Niu Wenzhe , Zheng Likai , Yu Shitao , Liu Shiwei , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Guo Xin , Pang Shuping , Sun Licheng , Grätzel Michael , Wei Mingyang
Published: July 2024

Host‐guest complexation offers a promising approach for mitigating surface defects in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Crown ethers are the most widely used macrocyclic hosts for complexing perovskite surfaces, yet their supramolecular interactions and functional implications require further understanding. Here we show that the dipole moment of crown ethers serves as an indicator of supramolecular interactions with both perovskites and precursor salts. A larger dipole moment, achieved through the substitution of heteroatoms, correlates with enhanced coordination with lead cations. Perovskite films incorporating aza‐crown ethers as additives exhibited improved morphology, reduced defect densities, and better energy‐level alignment compared to those using native crown ethers. We report power‐conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 25 % for PSCs, which show enhanced long‐term stability, and a record PCE of 21.5 % for host–guest complexation‐based perovskite solar modules with an active area of 14.0 cm2.
Design of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials: Transition from Carbonyl to Amide‐Based Acceptor
Authors: Luo Anping , Bao Yuanyuan , Liu Junjie , Yang Yudong , Deng Yayin , You Jingsong , Bin Zhengyang
Published: July 2024

Benzophenone skeletons containing a carbonyl unit (O=C) have been widely used as electron acceptors in the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials. Herein, we present a novel molecular design concept for TADF materials by transitioning from a carbonyl to an amide (O=C−N) skeleton as the acceptor. The amide unit, compared to its carbonyl counterpart, offers a more stable electronic configuration. Leveraging this insight, we have developed a series of high‐performance TADF molecules based on benzoyl carbazole and carbazoline acceptors. These molecules exhibit exceptionally small singlet‐triplet energy gaps and pronounced aggregation‐enhanced emission properties, achieving photoluminescence quantum yields in neat films as high as 99 %. Consequently, these materials serve as efficient emitters in non‐doped organic light‐eimtting diodes (OLEDs), reaching a maximum quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of up to 26.0 %, significantly higher than the 17.0 % obtained with benzophenone acceptor‐based TADF molecules. Additionally, they have been used as TADF hosts in narrowband red fluorescent OLEDs, setting a record‐high EQEmax of 22.4 %.
The Reconstruction of Bi2Te4O11 Nanorods for Efficient and pH‐universal Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Chen Jiadong , Mao Tingjie , Wang Juan , Wang Jichang , Wang Shun , Jin Huile
Published: July 2024

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to generate chemical fuels such as formate presents a promising route to a carbon‐neutral future. However, its practical application is hindered by the competing CO production and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as well as the lack of pH‐universal catalysts. Here, Te‐modified Bi nanorods (Te−Bi NRs) were synthesized through in situ reconstruction of Bi2Te4O11 NRs under the CO2RR condition. Our study illustrates that the complex reconstruction process of Bi2Te4O11 NRs during CO2RR could be decoupled into three distinct steps, i.e., the destruction of Bi2Te4O11, the formation of Te/Bi phases, and the dissolution of Te. The thus‐obtained Te−Bi NRs exhibit remarkably high performance in CO2RR towards formate production, showing high activity, selectivity, and stability across all pH conditions (acidic, neutral, and alkaline). In a flow cell reactor under neutral, alkaline, or acidic conditions, the catalysts achieved HCOOH Faradaic efficiencies of up to 94.3 %, 96.4 %, and 91.0 %, respectively, at a high current density of 300 mA cm−2. Density functional theory calculations, along with operando spectral measurements, reveal that Te manipulates the Bi sites to an electron‐deficient state, enhancing the adsorption strength of the *OCHO intermediate, and significantly suppressing the competing HER and CO production. This study highlights the substantial influence of catalyst reconstruction under operational conditions and offers insights into designing highly active and stable electrocatalysts towards CO2RR.
Intrinsically Flexible Phase Change Fibers for Intelligent Thermal Regulation
Authors: Liu Hanqing , Zhang Xinyu , Zhang Shihui , Kou Yan , Fu Haocheng , Zhou Feng , Wu Zhong‐Shuai , Shi Quan
Published: July 2024

Owing to the significant latent heat generated at constant temperatures, phase change fibers (PCFs) have recently received much attention in the field of wearable thermal management. However, the phase change materials involved in the existing PCFs still experience a solid–liquid transition process, severely restricting their practicality as wearable thermal management materials. Herein, we, for the first time, developed intrinsically flexible PCFs (polyethylene glycol/4,4′‐methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) fibers, PMFs) through polycondensation and wet‐spinning process, exhibiting an inherent solid‐solid phase transition property, adjustable phase transition behaviors, and outstanding knittability. The PMFs also present superior mechanical strength (28 MPa), washability (>100 cycles), thermal cycling stability (>2000 cycles), facile dyeability, and heat‐induced recoverability, all of which are highly significant for practical wearable applications. Additionally, the PMFs can be easily recycled by directly dissolving them in solvents for reprocessing, revealing promising applications as sustainable materials for thermal management. Most importantly, the applicability of the PMFs was demonstrated by knitting them into permeable fabrics, which exhibit considerably improved thermal management performance compared with the cotton fabric. The PMFs offer great potential for intelligent thermal regulation in smart textiles and wearable electronics.
Large Molecular Rotation in Crystal Changes the Course of a Topochemical Diels–Alder Reaction from a Predicted Polymerization to an Unexpected Intramolecular Cyclization
Authors: Lal Anu , Madhusudhanan Mithun C. , Sureshan Kana M.
Published: July 2024

A designed anthracene‐based monomer for topochemical Diels–Alder cycloaddition polymerization crystallized with head‐to‐tail arrangement of molecules, as revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. The diene and dienophile units of adjacent monomer molecules are aligned at an average distance of 4.6 Å, suggesting a favorable crystalline arrangement for their intermolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction to form a linear polymer. Surprisingly, heating the monomer crystals at a temperature above 125 °C resulted in the formation of intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloadduct, which could be characterized by various spectroscopy and SCXRD analysis. Various time‐dependent studies such as NMR, PXRD, and DSC, studies established that the reaction followed topochemical pathway. Schmidt's topochemical postulates are generally used to predict the topochemical reactivity and product, by analyzing the crystal structure of the reactant. Though the crystal arrangement predicted polymerization, upon heating, the molecule avoided this pathway by undergoing a large rotation to form an intramolecular cycloadduct. Theoretical calculations supported the feasibility of the rotation, exploiting the flexibility of the molecule and voids present. These findings caution that the reliance on Schmidt's criteria for topochemical reactions may sometimes be misleading, especially in heat‐induced reactions.
Unconventional Electrocatalytic CO Conversion to C2 Products on Single‐Atomic Pd−Agn Sites
Authors: Ji Yali , Lv Ximeng , Wei Ruilin , Guan Anxiang , Yang Chao , Yan Yaqin , Kuang Min , Zheng Gengfeng
Published: July 2024

The electrochemical reduction of CO or CO2 into C2+ products has mostly been focused on Cu‐based catalysts. Although Ag has also been predicted as a possible catalyst for the CO‐to‐C2+ conversion from the thermodynamic point of view, however, due to its weak CO binding strength, CO rapidly desorbs from the Ag surface rather than participates in deep reduction. In this work, we demonstrate that single‐atomic Pd sites doped in Ag lattice can tune the CO adsorption behavior and promote the deep reduction of CO toward C2 products. The monodispersed Pd−Agn sites enable the CO adsorption with both Pd‐atop (PdL) and Pd−Ag bridge (PdAgB) configurations, which can increase the CO coverage and reduce the C−C coupling energy barrier. Under room temperature and ambient pressure, the Pd1Ag10 alloy catalyst exhibited a total CO‐to‐C2 Faradaic efficiency of ~37 % at −0.83 V, with appreciable current densities and electrochemical stability, thus featuring unconventional non‐Cu electrocatalytic CO‐to‐C2 conversion capability.
Elucidation, cyclic voltammetry, computational studies, and biological activities of Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), and Ce(III) complexes with a water‐soluble isonicotinohydrazide‐based Schiff base ligand
Authors: Mohammed Mahdi A. , Ali Tamer Awad , Youssef Magdy M. , Abou El‐Reash Yasmeen G. , Al‐Farraj Eida S. , Adam Fatima A. , El‐Moneim A. A. , Abu El‐Reash Gaber M. , Fetoh Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Sodium salt of 4‐hydroxy‐3‐([2‐isonicotinoylhydrazineylidene]methyl)benzenesulfonate ligand (NaH2IH) was prepared, as an example of water‐soluble Schiff base ligands, by the condensation of isonicotinohydrazide with the sodium salt of 3‐formyl‐4‐ hydroxybenzenesulfonate. The chemical structure of the novel water‐soluble ligand and its complexes have been elucidated by analyzing the results of different spectroscopic and magnetic measurements. These structures were supported by the computational studies using density functional theory (DFT) technique. The ligand acts as mono‐negative bi‐dentate (ON) in [Cd(HIH)(H2O)Cl]2 complex, and as a tri‐negative tetra‐dentate (OONO) ligand in [Ce(IH)(H2O)2]2. In the [Cu(NaHIH)Cl]2.2H2O complex, NaH2IH behaves as mono‐negative tri‐dentate (ONN). Another mode of complexation displayed in [Ni(NaHIH)(H2O)Cl].2H2O dimer, whereas NaH2IH acts as a mono‐basic ON bi‐dentate. Based on the spectral data, one can assume a four‐coordinated tetrahedral geometry in case of all isolated complexes except Ce(III) one which has an octahedral geometry. The molecular structures and chemical geometries of the metal complexes were optimized and conformed using computational studies using DFT method. The outcomes of antioxidant activities reveal that the investigated compounds have good radical scavenging activity against ABTS and DPPH• radicals. The DNA binding ability of NaH2IH and its complexes has been examined by agarose gel electrophoresis methods. Wound healing was performed to test the antimetastatic activity of [Cd(HIH)(H2O)Cl]2 complex against MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cell line. Antimicrobial behavior of the compounds under study has been assessed against selected microorganism.
Distribution, tolerance, growth, behaviour and control methods of Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) (Bivalvia: Mytilidae): A review
Authors: Liu Yuhan , He Xiaoyan , Yang Ying , Bai Xiuqin , Yuan Chengqing
Published: July 2024

Limnoperna fortunei (L. fortunei) (Dunker, 1857), the golden mussel, is an invasive species possessing exceptional environmental adaptability and a destructive impact on water systems and artificial structures. To better conservation of freshwater ecosystems by controlling this mussel, it is essential to study its distribution, potential for invasion, environmental tolerance and biological traits.

This paper outlines the distribution of L. fortunei in Asia and South America, as well as its potential for future invasion in freshwater habitats, along with the research methods employed.

We find that the mussel had a temperature tolerance range of 8–35 °C and a pH range was 5–10, with some individuals surviving in extreme conditions for extended periods.

We find that temperature was a decisive factor for success at reproductive stages, larval development and adult growth.

The biological traits of L. fortunei are discussed, focusing on feeding habits, attachment characteristics and locomotion, with an emphasis on byssus structure, foot proteins and adhesion mechanisms. The study elucidates the impact of flow velocity, light exposure and substrate material on their attachment, with the optimal attachment being identified at a flow velocity of 0.3–0.9 m/s. Additionally, the mussel exhibits strong light avoidance performances and a preference for rough surfaces.

Extensively‐researched control strategies are classified and summarized, primarily categorized into physical, chemical and biological control, with an outline of their respective strengths and limitations.
Lignin‐Based Carbon Nanomaterials for Biochemical Sensing Applications
Authors: Feng Baofang , Zhao Weidong , Zhang Min , Fan Xu , He Ting , Luo Qizhen , Yan Jipeng , Sun Jian
Published: July 2024

Lignin‐based carbon nanomaterials offer several advantages, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, high specific surface area, ease of functionalization, low toxicity, and cost‐effectiveness. These materials show promise in biochemical sensing applications, particularly in the detection of metal ions, organic compounds, and human biosignals. Various methods can be employed to synthesize carbon nanomaterials with different dimensions ranging from 0D–3D, resulting in diverse structures and physicochemical properties. This study provides an overview of the preparation techniques and characteristics of multidimensional (0–3D) lignin‐based carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon dots (CDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and carbon aerogels (CAs). Additionally, the sensing capabilities of these materials are compared and summarized, followed by a discussion on the potential challenges and future prospects in sensor development.
Pressure Effect on Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of Lithium Cobalt Oxide Powder Materials
Authors: Liu Qi , Duan Zeqing , Qi Qiongqiong , Yang Xiaolu , Xie Qingshui , Lin Jie
Published: July 2024

Calender process is important to improve the mechanical and electrochemical properties of cathode materials. To explore pressure effect on structure and resistance of electrode powder, the morphology and surface area of lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) powder under different pressure are investigated. Meanwhile, the real‐time stress, density, and conductivity of LCO powder upon compaction are tested by a self‐made detection system. Moreover, the battery performance of LCO powder after compaction is compared in coin cells. This work elucidates the relationship between compaction density, powder resistance, and electrochemical performance of cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries.
ErbB2‐NOTCH1 axis controls autophagy in cardiac cells
Authors: Fortini Francesca , Vieceli Dalla Sega Francesco , Lazzarini Edoardo , Aquila Giorgio , Sysa‐Shah Polina , Bertero Edoardo , Ascierto Alessia , Severi Paolo , Ouambo Talla Achille Wilfred , Schirone Alessio , Gabrielson Kathleen , Morciano Giampaolo , Patergnani Simone , Pedriali Gaia , Pinton Paolo , Ferrari Roberto , Tremoli Elena , Ameri Pietro , Rizzo Paola
Published: July 2024

Although the epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2) and Notch1 signaling pathways have both significant roles in regulating cardiac biology, their interplay in the heart remains poorly investigated. Here, we present evidence of a crosstalk between ErbB2 and Notch1 in cardiac cells, with effects on autophagy and proliferation. Overexpression of ErbB2 in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts induced Notch1 activation in a post‐transcriptional, p38‐dependent manner, while ErbB2 inhibition with the specific inhibitor, lapatinib, reduced Notch1 activation. Moreover, incubation of H9c2 cells with lapatinib resulted in stalled autophagic flux and decreased proliferation, consistent with the established cardiotoxicity of this and other ErbB2‐targeting drugs. Confirming the findings in H9c2 cells, exposure of primary neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes to exogenous neuregulin‐1, which engages ErbB2, stimulated proliferation, and this effect was abrogated by concomitant inhibition of the enzyme responsible for Notch1 activation. Furthermore, the hearts of transgenic mice specifically overexpressing ErbB2 in cardiomyocytes had increased levels of active Notch1 and of Notch‐related genes. These data expand the knowledge of ErbB2 and Notch1 functions in the heart and may allow better understanding the mechanisms of the cardiotoxicity of ErbB2‐targeting cancer treatments.
Medical students' preferences for asynchronous online or face‐to‐face learning strategies in learning gross anatomy and neuroanatomy during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Chang Ming‐Fong , Yeh Chi‐Chuan , Lue June‐Horng , Liao Meng‐Lin
Published: July 2024

Gross anatomy and neuroanatomy are fundamental subjects in medical education. However, learning different anatomical terms and understanding the complexity of the subjects are often challenging for medical students. At National Taiwan University, the 2020–2021 cohort adopted a face‐to‐face (F2F) learning strategy for gross anatomy and neuroanatomy lecture and laboratory courses until May 17, 2021. After the aforementioned date, the same cohort learned the rest of the gross anatomy and neuroanatomy courses via asynchronous online learning. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of and students' preferences for F2F and asynchronous online learning strategies in learning gross anatomy and neuroanatomy. A survey with closed‐ended and open‐ended questions was used to quantitatively and qualitatively explore medical students' learning preferences for two teaching strategies in gross anatomy and neuroanatomy. The results identified different learning preferences among students in learning gross anatomy and neuroanatomy—satisfied with both learning strategies, satisfied with only F2F learning strategy, satisfied with only asynchronous online learning strategy, and satisfied with neither learning strategy. The survey results with closed‐ended and open‐ended questions showed that medical students preferred F2F learning for anatomical laboratory courses but favored asynchronous online learning for neuroanatomical laboratory courses. In addition, medical students considered peer discussion more critical in learning gross anatomy than neuroanatomy. These findings provide valuable information about medical students' preference for gross anatomy and neuroanatomy courses, which anatomy teachers can consider when planning to enhance their curriculum in the future.
Case recording in child protection: An exploration of the evidence base and good practice
Authors: O'Keefe Rebecca
Published: July 2024

There is a statutory duty for all practitioners to record information in child protection work in England. Case recording is a daily task for practitioners, yet an under‐researched area of practice. This continuing professional development (CPD) paper will consider the context in which case recording takes place and highlight messages from child protection reviews and enquiries before exploring learning from contemporary research. The complexities of case recording will be considered and how practitioners can reflect upon and improve their daily case recording skills. Practitioners are encouraged to keep the child's views and experiences central and consider the long‐term impact of case recording on adults who have experienced abuse and neglect in childhood.
GPSwap: High‐resolution face swapping based on StyleGAN prior
Authors: Huang Dongjin , Liu Chuanman , Liu Jinhua
Published: July 2024

Existing high‐resolution face‐swapping works are still challenges in preserving identity consistency while maintaining high visual quality. We present a novel high‐resolution face‐swapping method GPSwap, which is based on StyleGAN prior. To better preserves identity consistency, the proposed facial feature recombination network fully leverages the properties of both w space and encoders to decouple identities. Furthermore, we presents the image reconstruction module aligns and blends images in FS space, which further supplements facial details and achieves natural blending. It not only improves image resolution but also optimizes visual quality. Extensive experiments and user studies demonstrate that GPSwap is superior to state‐of‐the‐art high‐resolution face‐swapping methods in terms of image quality and identity consistency. In addition, GPSwap saves nearly 80% of training costs compared to other high‐resolution face‐swapping works.
Broadening the Realm of Nanoporous Gold Catalysts: Preparation and Properties When Emanating from AuCu as Parent Alloy
Authors: Tapia Burgos Jorge Adrian , Mahr Christoph , Silva Olaya Alex Ricardo , Robben Lars , Schowalter Marco , Gesing Thorsten , Rosenauer Andreas , Wittstock Gunther , Wittstock Arne , Bäumer Marcus
Published: July 2024

Nanoporous gold (npAu) attracted increasing attention over the last 20 years as a highly active and selective oxidation catalyst in particular at low temperatures. Previous research mainly focused on npAu that was fabricated by corrosive dealloying of AuAg parent alloys. Yet, the use of other binary alloys, such as AuCu, promises interesting variations of the catalytic properties, when considering that residual amounts of the less noble metal were shown to be co‐catalytically involved. Aiming at providing a platform for systematic studies in this direction for Cu, we not only dealt with strategies for a reliable and reproducible preparation of npAu(Cu) catalysts from AuCu, but also with their potential for CO oxidation in comparison to npAu(Ag). We were able to develop an approach based on thermally quenched Au0.3Cu0.7 alloys, providing distinct synthetic advantages as a starting material for the catalyst fabrication versus the thermodynamically more stable AuCu3 intermetallic compound. Using PCD (potentiostatically controlled dealloying), well‐defined pore structures with ligament diameters of ∼40 nm and variable residual Cu concentrations in the range between ∼0.6 at % and ∼1.2 at % could be straightforwardly obtained. After activating such catalysts at 150 °C, they reproducibly showed catalytic activity for aerobic CO oxidation in a broad temperature window between 40 °C and 250 °C. As opposed to npAu(Ag), the activity increased with decreasing residual Cu content, outperforming the former at temperatures above ∼60 °C not only with respect to CO2 formation rates but also with respect to thermal stability. Based on X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic and transmission electron microscopic results, it was possible to conclude that Cu segregates to the surface and, with rising Cu bulk content, increasingly occurs in form of Cu2+ species at the surface. While the latter are expected to be catalytically inactive, Cu and Cu+ species are likely candidates for the activation of oxygen being not possible on pure Au.
Sources of the European Union's regulatory influence on digital platform firms: Lessons from three Google antitrust cases
Authors: Yoshizawa Hikaru
Published: July 2024

Various studies have highlighted the considerable regulatory influence of the European Union (EU) on digital platform (DP) firms. However, the role of stakeholders in individual competition cases remains underexplored. To fill this gap, this article draws on the conceptual framework of Market Power Europe and contends that the main sources of the European Commission's influence in this field are not only the EU's market size and regulatory capacity but also relevant market information provided by stakeholders such as consumer groups, business associations, and the target firm's competitors. Market information helps the Commission alleviate the problem of information asymmetry and effectively regulate complex and fast‐moving areas such as DP markets. A close analysis of three Google antitrust cases concluded between 2017 and 2019 provides initial empirical evidence supporting this conclusion. Overall, this study contributes to the literature on EU competition policy and greater understanding of the global political economy in relation to DP firms.
Fast, Simple, and Cost‐Effective Fabrication of High‐Performance Thermoelectric Ag2Se through Low‐Temperature Hot‐Pressing
Authors: Lasiw Jariya , Kamwanna Teerasak , Pinitsoontorn Supree
Published: July 2024

Silver selenide (Ag2Se) is a promising thermoelectric material for near‐room temperature applications. This study proposes a fast, simple, and cost‐effective method for producing high thermoelectric performance bulk Ag2Se. Ag2Se powders were synthesized from Ag and Se powders via a one‐hour wet ball milling process, followed by the fabrication of bulk pellets through low‐temperature hot‐pressing (130‐250 °C) with a mere 0.5‐hour holding time. Both Ag2Se powders and bulk pellets exhibited a single phase of orthorhombic β‐Ag2Se phase, with uniform compositional distribution Microstructural analysis revealed distinct grain boundaries in samples hot‐pressed below 190 °C, transitioning to grain coalescence was at 190 °C and 250 °C. The thermoelectric and transport measurements demonstrated that the electrical conductivity decreased and the Seebeck coefficient increased with hot‐pressing temperatures from 130 °C and 190 °C primarily due to reduced carrier concentrations. Thermal conductivity decreased with increasing hot‐pressing temperatures up to 190 °C, attributed to the weak chemical bonding of Ag2Se and the presence of defects. This resulted in a peak zT over 1.0 at 300 K, with an average zT close to 1.0 from 300 to 380 K. Despite lower temperatures and shorter processing times, the method produces Ag2Se with zT values comparable to more intricate techniques.
Color systems for motion picture film digitization: A critical review
Authors: Plutino Alice
Published: July 2024

Digitizing motion picture films is a crucial aspect of archival practices. Nevertheless, the primary purpose of this process is to convert analog film into a digital signal suitable for recording back onto film. Thus, the most popular color film system encoding, such as Cineon or Academy Density Exchange (ADX), may present some limits for the preservation and restoration practices. In this paper, Cineon and ADX systems are summarized and analyzed, and an experimental application conducted on modern cinematographic film scanners has been made to evaluate the integration of these encoding systems into these devices. Results have been examined and discussed to underline the constraints and possibilities of these color encoding systems for archival purposes.
An efficient three‐phase two‐level voltage source inverter with the suppression of the dead time effect
Authors: Wang Qiang , Gong Xiang , Wang Youzheng
Published: July 2024

The paper carries out the research on a novel two‐level voltage source inverter to further improve the output power quality of the inverter under the premise of efficient operation. Main switches can realize zero‐voltage switching in a wide load range to ensure the efficient operation of the designed inverter. Total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output current at low output frequencies can be improved by the modification of resonant tanks in the designed inverter. In the dead time, the modified resonant tanks can result in a shorter duration of nonlinear changes in the output phase voltage at lower load current, which is beneficial for reducing the output voltage error caused by dead time. The improved power quality at low output frequencies is conductive to the use of the designed inverter in the drive system of the low‐speed AC motor. The paper expounds every operating status during a switching period. The experiment manifests that switches realize soft switching. The efficiency of the designed inverter reaches 98.6% at rated operation state, which is 0.3% and 0.5% more than that of two comparison objects, respectively. Moreover, when the output frequency reduces to 5 Hz, the THD of the output current is only 2%, which is also less than that of comparison objects. Hence, the designed inverter has advantages in the efficiency and the output power quality.
Novel approaches for target parameter extraction with eigenvalue thresholding and Dolph–Chebyshev windowing in multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar system
Authors: Jagtap Sheetal G. , Kunte Ashwini S.
Published: July 2024

Multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar, employing multiple transmitters and receivers, enhances radar capabilities. It detects and tracks objects like aircraft and ships using radio waves. Compared with traditional phased‐array radar, MIMO systems offer greater flexibility, improving angular resolution and target detection. Researchers focus on direction of arrival (DoA) evaluation for closely spaced targets. Effective beamforming and accurate DoA estimation are crucial for MIMO radar performance. This study explores two methods: Capon beamforming with Dolph–Chebyshev windowing and the MUSIC algorithm with Eigenvalue thresholding. Tested under low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and fewer snapshots, these techniques notably reduce side lobes and enhance angular resolution, validated by experiments. Additionally, the suppression of side lobes significantly improves the clarity and accuracy of target detection, minimizing potential interference and false targets. This enhancement in side lobe suppression facilitates a more precise spatial differentiation between multiple targets, thus contributing to the overall effectiveness and reliability of MIMO radar systems.
A most aggressive bear: Safari videos document sloth bear defense against tiger predation
Authors: Sharp Thomas R. , Garshelis David L. , Larson Wesley
Published: July 2024

Sloth bears are non‐carnivorous yet they attack more people than any other bear. They often stand up and charge explosively if a person mistakenly gets too close. Here, we argue that their aggression toward humans is an extension of their behavior toward tigers, which are their only natural predator. Interactions between sloth bears and tigers have not previously been studied because scientists have rarely observed such events. We collected and examined 43 videos or photo documentations of sloth bear–tiger interactions posted on the internet or social media from 2011 to 2023, mainly by tourists visiting tiger parks in India. We observed that sloth bears were most likely to stand up and charge if they first became aware of the tiger at close range (<3 m away). This aggressive–defensive strategy, intended to dissuade the tiger from attacking, appeared to be successful, in that 86% of interactions ended with no contact, whereas four (9%) culminated in the bear's death. We propose that a myrmecophagous diet led to this species' aggressive behavior: (1) their long, blunt front claws, well adapted for digging termites and ants, hamper their ability to climb trees for escape, and (2) they walk with their head down focused on scents underground, and make considerable noise digging and blowing soil, enabling tigers to approach quite closely without being detected. Sloth bears have coexisted with tigers or other (now extinct) large felid predators for their entire evolutionary history. Whereas their aggressive behavior has served them well for millions of years, more recently, people's fear of and retaliation against sloth bears represents a major threat to their survival. Understanding how sloth bears react to tigers provides guidance for reducing attacks on humans, thereby contributing to sloth bear conservation. Our investigation was made possible by passive citizen scientists, who unknowingly collected valuable data.
The complement system as a target in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Merle Nicolas S. , Roumenina Lubka T.
Published: July 2024

Malignant cells are part of a complex network within the tumor microenvironment, where their interaction with host cells and soluble mediators, including complement components, is pivotal. The complement system, known for its role in immune defense and homeostasis, exhibits a dual effect on cancer progression. This dichotomy arises from its antitumoral opsonophagocytosis and cytotoxicity versus its protumoral chronic inflammation mediated by the C5a/C5aR1 axis, influencing antitumor T‐cell responses. Recent studies have revealed distinct co‐expression patterns of complement genes in various cancer types, correlating with prognosis. Notably, some cancers exhibit co‐regulated overexpression of complement genes associated with poor prognosis, while others show favorable outcomes. However, significant intra‐patient heterogeneity further complicates this classification. Moreover, the involvement of locally produced and intracellular complement proteins adds complexity to the tumor microenvironment dynamics. This review highlights the unique interplay of complement components within different cancers and patient cohorts, showing that “one size does not fit all”, for complement in cancer. It summarizes the clinical trials for complement targeting in cancer, emphasizing the need for tailored therapeutic approaches. By elucidating the mechanistic basis of complement's context‐dependent role, this review aims to facilitate the development of personalized cancer therapies, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes.
Regioselective Halogenation of 2‐Oxindoles and β‐Keto Esters Using Oxone‐Halide With or Without Aryl Iodine
Authors: Dong Yufei , Guo Cheng , Bai Yadi , Jia Hongbo , Yang Aohua , Ren Jingyun
Published: July 2024

Efficient and environmentally benign regioselective halogenation protocols have been achieved through the mediation of oxone‐halide, with or without the assistance of aryl iodine. The key to the success of the regioselectivity process is the controlled generation of the active [X]+ or halogen‐substituted hypervalent iodine (III) by manipulating the components of the oxone‐halide‐aryl iodine system.
Catalytic Activity of Mono‐ and Bimetallic Rhodium(I) and Iridium(I) Complexes Bearing Carbon‐Ether‐Carbon (COC) Ligand for the Intramolecular Cyclization of 4‐Pentynoic Acid
Authors: Boddaert Hugo , Tolley Lewis C. , Mejuto Carmen , González Ainhoa , Martín Marta , Sola Eduardo , Fernández Israel , Karhu Aino J. , Bezuidenhout Daniela I. , Guisado‐Barrios Gregorio
Published: July 2024

The catalytic performance of a series of mono‐ and bimetallic Ir(I) and Rh(I) complexes bearing the (COC) bis‐triazolylidene ligand, coordinated in a bridging or chelating fashion, was evaluated in the cyclization of 4‐pentynoic acid. The chelated mononuclear cationic complex [Ir(cod)(COC)]PF6 (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene; COC=biscarbene ether) displayed the highest reaction rate for 4‐pentynoic acid to form γ‐methyl‐ene‐γ‐butyrolactone (5‐methylenedihydrofuran‐2(3H)‐one). Density Functional Theory calculations were carried out to rationalize the reaction mechanism which proceeds in three steps, namely coordination of the alkyne to the active catalyst followed by intramolecular cyclization and final reductive elimination. Its catalytic performance was further assessed against different substituted 4‐pentynoic acid derivatives.
Reconfigurable flexible thermoelectric generators based on all‐inorganic MXene/Bi2Te3 composite films
Authors: Xu Yunhe , Wu Bo , Hou Chengyi , Li Yaogang , Wang Hongzhi , Zhang Qinghong
Published: July 2024

Flexible thermoelectric generators (FTEGs) represent an excellent solution for energizing wearable electronics, capitalizing on their ability to transform body heat into electrical energy. Nevertheless, their use in the wearable industry is limited by the insufficient thermoelectric (TE) efficiency of materials and the minimal temperature variation among the devices. In this study, we have developed a Lego‐like reconfigurable FTEG by combining flexible TE chips, rheological liquid‐metal electrical wiring, and a stretchable substrate in a mechanical plug‐in configuration. The flexible TE chips are constructed from n‐type all‐inorganic MXene/Bi2Te3 composite films, which have their TE properties further enhanced through heat treatment. A demonstration of the FTEG illustrates its capability to convert heat into vertical temperature difference (ΔT), leading to a substantial ΔT at the cold end in contact with the environment, resulting in a power output of 7.1 μW with a ΔT of 45 K from only 5 TE chips. The reconfigurable FTEG presents significant potential for wearable devices to harness low‐grade heat.
Harnessing Fungi Signaling in Living Composites
Authors: Schyck Sarah , Marchese Pietro , Amani Muhamad , Ablonczy Mark , Spoelstra Linde , Jones Mitchell , Bathaei Yaren , Bismarck Alexander , Masania Kunal
Published: July 2024

Signaling pathways in fungi offer a profound avenue for harnessing cellular communication and have garnered considerable interest in biomaterial engineering. Fungi respond to environmental stimuli through intricate signaling networks involving biochemical and electrical pathways, yet deciphering these mechanisms remains a challenge. In this review, an overview of fungal biology and their signaling pathways is provided, which can be activated in response to external stimuli and direct fungal growth and orientation. By examining the hyphal structure and the pathways involved in fungal signaling, the current state of recording fungal electrophysiological signals as well as the landscape of fungal biomaterials is explored. Innovative applications are highlighted, from sustainable materials to biomonitoring systems, and an outlook on the future of harnessing fungi signaling in living composites is provided.
High‐resolution climate projection dataset over India using dynamical downscaling
Authors: Barik Anasuya , Sahoo Sanjeeb Kumar , Kumari Sarita , Baidya Roy Somnath
Published: July 2024

High‐resolution climate projections are valuable resources for understanding the regional impacts of climate change and developing appropriate adaptation/mitigation strategies. In this study, we developed a 10‐km gridded hydrometeorological dataset over India by dynamic downscaling of the bias‐corrected Community Earth System Model (CESMv1) climate projections under RCP8.5 scenario using the state‐of‐the‐art Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The downscaled CESM dataset (DSCESM) is archived in the World Data Center for Climate (WDCC) portal at three temporal resolutions (daily, monthly and monthly climatology) for current (2006–2015), mid‐century (2041–2050) and end‐century (2091–2100) periods. The dataset includes 2‐m air temperature, total accumulated precipitation, wind speed, relative humidity, sensible and latent heat fluxes, along with surface shortwave and outgoing longwave radiation. All the DSCESM variables were evaluated against reanalysis data and station observations for the period 2006–2015. This dataset can help us quantitatively understand regional climate change in India. It can also be used in conjunction with agricultural, hydrological, fire and other application models for climate change impact assessment on various sectors to help develop effective adaptation/mitigation strategies.