bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanomyographic Measures of Muscle Contractile Properties are Influenced by Electrode Size and Stimulation Pulse Duration
Authors: Piqueras-Sanchiz Francisco , Martín-Rodríguez Saúl , Pareja-Blanco Fernando , Baraja-Vegas Luis , Blázquez-Fernández Jorge , Bautista Iker J. , García-García Óscar
Published: May 2020

The aim was to determine the effects of changing pulse duration and electrode size on muscle contractile properties. Thirty-six healthy young male participated in the study (age 24.8 ± 5.8 years; height 178.2 ± 0.6 cm; body mass 71.8 ± 7.3 kg; self-reported weekly moderate intensity activity 3.5 ± 1.2 h·week−1). Tensiomyography was used to assess rectus femoris (RF) and vastus medialis (VM) muscles neuromuscular properties of the dominant leg according to the electrode size (3.2–5 cm) and the stimulus length (0.2, 0.5, and 1 ms). Maximal radial displacement (Dm); Contraction time (Tc); Delay time (Td); Sustained time (Ts) and Half relaxation time (Tr) were measured. Relative and absolute reliability was quantified. To analyze the effects of the electrode and the stimulus length, a repeated-measures analysis of variance was used. Dm and Tc parameters showed for both muscles an excellent relative (0.95–0.99) and absolute reliability (1.6–4.2%). However, Ts and Tr showed low values of absolute reliability (4.4–40.9%). The duration of the stimulus length applied to the RF and VM and electrode size significantly influences muscle’s contractile properties (p < 0.05; η2p = 0.09–0.60). The Dm increases substantially as the duration of the stimulus increases and with the use of the larger electrode in both muscles. However, Tc and Td are less affected by both conditions and not entirely clear. Practically, our study suggests that a stimulus pulse duration of 1 ms together with a 5 × 5 cm electrode is necessary to reach a reliable and reproducible assessment of both RF and VM muscles contractile properties.
Dichotomy between the transcriptomic landscape of naturally versus accelerated aged murine hearts
Authors: De Majo Federica , Hegenbarth Jana-Charlotte , Rühle Frank , Bär Christian , Thum Thomas , de Boer Martine , Duncker Dirk J. , Schroen Blanche , Armand Anne-Sophie , Stoll Monika , De Windt Leon J.
Published: May 2020

We investigated the transcriptomic landscape of the murine myocardium along the course of natural aging and in three distinct mouse models of premature aging with established aging-related cardiac dysfunction. Genome-wide total RNA-seq was performed and the expression patterns of protein-coding genes and non-coding RNAs were compared between hearts from naturally aging mice, mice with cardiac-specific deficiency of a component of the DNA repair machinery, mice with reduced mitochondrial antioxidant capacity and mice with reduced telomere length. Our results demonstrate that no dramatic changes are evident in the transcriptomes of naturally senescent murine hearts until two years of age, in contrast to the transcriptome of accelerated aged mice. Additionally, these mice displayed model-specific alterations of the expression levels of protein-coding and non-coding genes with hardly any overlap with age-related signatures. Our data demonstrate very limited similarities between the transcriptomes of all our murine aging models and question their reliability to study human cardiovascular senescence.
Excitation-inhibition balance and auditory multistable perception are correlated with autistic traits and schizotypy in a non-clinical population
Authors: Kondo Hirohito M. , Lin I-Fan
Published: May 2020

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder and individuals with schizophrenia have impaired social and communication skills. They also have altered auditory perception. This study investigated autistic traits and schizotypy in a non-clinical population as well as the excitation-inhibition (EI) balance in different brain regions and their auditory multistable perception. Thirty-four healthy participants were assessed by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). The EI balance was evaluated by measuring the resting-state concentrations of glutamate-glutamine (Glx) and ϒ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in vivo by using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To observe the correlation between their traits and perception, we conducted an auditory streaming task and a verbal transformation task, in which participants reported spontaneous perceptual switching while listening to a sound sequence. Their AQ and SPQ scores were positively correlated with the Glx/GABA ratio in the auditory cortex but not in the frontal areas. These scores were negatively correlated with the number of perceptual switches in the verbal transformation task but not in the auditory streaming task. Our results suggest that the EI balance in the auditory cortex and the perceptual formation of speech are involved in autistic traits and schizotypy.
Inheritance of Refractive Error in Millennials
Authors: Pusti Dibyendu , Benito Antonio , Madrid-Valero Juan J. , Ordoñana Juan R. , Artal Pablo
Published: May 2020

Over the last decades, the prevalence of myopia has suddenly increased, and at this rate, half of the world’s population will be myopic by the year 2050. Contemporary behavioural and lifestyle circumstances, along with emergent technology, are thought to be responsible for this increase. Twin studies mostly reported a high heritability of refractive error across ethnicities. However, heritability is a population statistic and could vary as a result of changing environmental conditions. We studied the variance of refractive error in millennials with 100 twin pairs of university students in southeast Spain. The study population presented a high prevalence of myopia (77%). Statistical analysis showed the variance of refractive error in this group of young twins was mainly driven by the shared environment and, to a lesser extent, by additive genetic factors. We found an increase in myopia prevalence accompanied by a decrease in heritability in this sample of millennials in contrast with results from a previous generation group from the same ethnic origin.
Combined Atomic Force Microscope and Volumetric Light Sheet System for Correlative Force and Fluorescence Mechanobiology Studies
Authors: Nelsen E. , Hobson C. M. , Kern M. E. , Hsiao J. P. , O’Brien III E. T. , Watanabe T. , Condon B. M. , Boyce M. , Grinstein S. , Hahn K. M. , Falvo M. R. , Superfine R.
Published: May 2020

The central goals of mechanobiology are to understand how cells generate force and how they respond to environmental mechanical stimuli. A full picture of these processes requires high-resolution, volumetric imaging with time-correlated force measurements. Here we present an instrument that combines an open-top, single-objective light sheet fluorescence microscope with an atomic force microscope (AFM), providing simultaneous volumetric imaging with high spatiotemporal resolution and high dynamic range force capability (10 pN – 100 nN). With this system we have captured lysosome trafficking, vimentin nuclear caging, and actin dynamics on the order of one second per single-cell volume. To showcase the unique advantages of combining Line Bessel light sheet imaging with AFM, we measured the forces exerted by a macrophage during FcɣR-mediated phagocytosis while performing both sequential two-color, fixed plane and volumetric imaging of F-actin. This unique instrument allows for a myriad of novel studies investigating the coupling of cellular dynamics and mechanical forces.
Author Correction: The peptide AC 2 isolated from Bacillus-treated Trapa japonica fruit extract rescues DHT (dihydrotestosterone)-treated human dermal papilla cells and mediates mTORC1 signaling for autophagy and apoptosis suppression
Authors: Nam Gun He , Jo Kyung-Jo , Park Ye-Seul , Kawk Hye Won , Yoo Je-Geun , Jang Jin Dong , Kang Sang Moon , Kim Sang-Yong , Kim Young-Min
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Optimization of graphene oxide-modified carbon-fiber microelectrode for dopamine detection
Authors: Chang Yuanyu , Venton B. Jill
Published: May 2020

Graphene oxide increases the sensitivity of carbon electrodes, facilitating dopamine detection in brain slices.
A rapid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of antimicrobial onion organosulfur compounds in animal feed coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Pastor-Belda Marta , Arroyo-Manzanares Natalia , Yavir Kateryna , Abad Paloma , Campillo Natalia , Hernández-Córdoba Manuel , Viñas Pilar
Published: May 2020

A rapid analytical procedure is proposed for determining two antimicrobial onion organosulfur compounds, propyl disulfide (PDS) and propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO), in animal feed.
Palladium-catalysed Heck-type alkenylation reactions in the synthesis of quinolines. Mechanistic insights and recent applications
Authors: Carral-Menoyo Asier , Sotomayor Nuria , Lete Esther
Published: May 2020

Recent developments in Pd(0)- and Pd(ii)-catalysed alkenylation reactions for the synthesis of quinolines focusing on mechanistic understanding.
Correction: Metal organic framework-derived Zn1−xCox-ZIF@Zn1−xCoxO hybrid photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity through synergistic effect
Authors: Yang Xiaobing , Chen Juan , Hu Jiapeng , Zhao Shenyun , Zhao Jingyun , Luo Xuetao
Published: May 2020

Correction for ‘Metal organic framework-derived Zn1−xCox-ZIF@Zn1−xCoxO hybrid photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity through synergistic effect’ by Xiaobing Yang et al., Catal. Sci. Technol., 2018, 8, 573–579, DOI: 10.1039/C7CY01979C.
Formulation of protein–polyphenol particles for applications in food systems
Authors: Diaz Joscelin T. , Foegeding E. Allen , Lila Mary Ann
Published: May 2020

Consumers are demanding healthy nutritious foods rich in protein (both plant and animal) and biologically-active phytochemicals from plants, which can help the body to sustain a stronger immune system and fight against oxidative stress.
Cedrol attenuates collagen-induced arthritis in mice and modulates the inflammatory response in LPS-mediated fibroblast-like synoviocytes
Authors: Chen Xue , Shen Jian , Zhao Jun-ming , Guan Jian , Li Wei , Xie Qiang-min , Zhao Yu-qing
Published: May 2020

Ginger has been used as a flavouring agent and traditional medicine for a long time in Asian countries.
Ambient reductive synthesis of N-heterocyclic compounds over cellulose-derived carbon supported Pt nanocatalyst under H2atmosphere
Authors: Wu Yunyan , Zhao Yanfei , Wang Huan , Zhang Fengtao , Li Ruipeng , Xiang Junfeng , Wang Zhenpeng , Han Buxing , Liu Zhimin
Published: May 2020

Cellulose-derived carbon supported Pt nanocatalyst can realize the reductive heterocyclization of 2-nitroacylarenes to 2,1-benzisoxazoles and the amination of levulinic acid to pyrrolidones in the presence of H2under ambient conditions.
Fabrication of ultrathin CuO nanowires augmenting oriented attachment crystal growth directed self-assembly of Cu(OH)2 colloidal nanocrystals
Authors: Pathiraja Gayani , Yarbrough Ryan , Rathnayake Hemali
Published: May 2020

Augmenting the oriented attachment (OA) crystal growth phenomena, the fabrication of ultrathin CuO nanowires is demonstrated from self-assembled one-dimensional (1D) nanowires of Cu(OH)2 nanocrystals for the first time.
Graphene-based carbocatalysts for carbon–carbon bond formation
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Sohail , Nishina Yuta
Published: May 2020

Carbon-based catalysts for carbon–carbon bond formation reactions.
Recent advances in the synthesis of imidazoles
Authors: Shabalin Dmitrii A. , Camp Jason E.
Published: May 2020

The review highlights the recent advances (2018-present) in the regiocontrolled synthesis of substituted imidazoles.
Water-based non-isocyanate polyurethane-ureas (NIPUUs)
Authors: Bizet Boris , Grau Étienne , Cramail Henri , Asua José M.
Published: May 2020

This review aims at discussing the achievements and the remaining challenges in the development of water-soluble NIPUUs, NIPUUs-based hydrogels and water-borne NIPUU dispersions.
Vanadium-doping in interlayer-expanded MoS2 nanosheets for the efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Liu Tong , Fang Changji , Yu Bansui , You Yu , Niu Haihong , Zhou Ru , Zhang Junjun , Xu Jun
Published: May 2020

Synergistic modulations of vanadium doping, interlayer expansion and hybrid 1T&2H phases of few-layered MoS2 nanosheets are realized to gain structural and electronic benefits for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction performance.
A two-enzyme cascade reaction consisting of two reaction pathways. Studies in bulk solution for understanding the performance of a flow-through device with immobilised enzymes
Authors: Ghéczy Nicolas , Sasaki Kai , Yoshimoto Makoto , Pour-Esmaeil Sajad , Kröger Martin , Stano Pasquale , Walde Peter
Published: May 2020

A cascade reaction catalysed by bovine carbonic anhydrase (BCA) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) proceeds over two possible pathways, which explains differences in product formation for differently immobilised enzymes in flow-through reactions.
Adsorptive, kinetics and regeneration studies of fluoride removal from water using zirconium-based metal organic frameworks
Authors: Tan Tong Ling , Krusnamurthy Poovarasi A/P , Nakajima Hideki , Rashid Suraya Abdul
Published: May 2020

A facile solvothermal method is used to prepare octahedral MOF-801 with a lattice spacing of 0.304 nm representative of ZrO2 (011) planes for water defluorination.
Room temperature ferromagnetism in D–D neutron irradiated rutile TiO2 single crystals
Authors: Liu Huan , Li Gongping , E Dejun , Xu Nannan , Lin Qiaolu , Gao Xudong , Lan Changlin , Chen Jingsheng , Wang Canglong , Zhan Xuwen , Zhang Kai
Published: May 2020

D–D neutron irradiation is used to regulate the concentration and type of defect in rutile TiO2. Room temperature ferromagnetism was observed after irraidiation. Combining experimental and theoretical results, we elucidate the likely origins of RTFM.
Structures and photocatalytic properties of two new Zn(ii) coordination polymers based on semi-rigid V-shaped multicarboxylate ligands
Authors: Zhou Shan-He , Wang Jun , Liu Yi-Wei , Zhong Yuyu , Sun Yan-Chun , Xie Bin , Ma Aiqing , Singh Amita , Muddassir Mohd. , Kumar Abhinav
Published: May 2020

Two new Zn(ii) coordination polymers having semi-rigid V-shaped polycarboxylate ligands were synthesized and their photocatalytic performances to photodegrade methyl violet were assessed.
Comparison of tetravalent cerium and terbium ions in a conserved, homoleptic imidophosphorane ligand field
Authors: Rice Natalie T. , Popov Ivan A. , Russo Dominic R. , Gompa Thaige P. , Ramanathan Arun , Bacsa John , Batista Enrique R. , Yang Ping , La Pierre Henry S.
Published: May 2020

A redox pair of Ce4+ and Ce3+ complexes, isotypic to previously prepared Tb4+ and Tb3+ complexes, respectively, is reported to establish a comparative physical and spectroscopic analysis of tetravalent lanthanide ions.
Aluminum porphyrins with quaternary ammonium halides as catalysts for copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and CO2: metal–ligand cooperative catalysis
Authors: Deng Jingyuan , Ratanasak Manussada , Sako Yuma , Tokuda Hideki , Maeda Chihiro , Hasegawa Jun-ya , Nozaki Kyoko , Ema Tadashi
Published: May 2020

Bifunctional Al porphyrins worked as excellent catalysts for the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and CO2.
Sub-chronic toxicity evaluation of top three commercial herbal antimalarial preparations in the Kumasi metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Adusei-Mensah Frank , Tikkanen-Kaukanen Carina , Kauhanen Jussi , Henneh Isaac Tabiri , Owusu Agyei Phyllis Elsie , Akakpo Patrick Kafui , Ekor Martins
Published: May 2020

Purpose: Safety data on commonly used herbal medicinal (HM) products (HMPs) and marketed in Ghana are scarce. We assessed the sub-chronic toxicity of three most-patronised commercial antimalarial HMPs in Kumasi, Ghana.

Method: Top three HMPs (designated as herbal products ‘A’ (HPA), ‘B’ (HPB) and ‘C’ (HPC)) were selected after a mini-survey and sub-chronic toxicity evaluation conducted in accordance with Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 407 guidelines. Control rats received clean water while test groups received daily adult human dose (DAHD), 5× DAHD or 10× DAHD of either HPA, HPB or HPC for 30 days. Rats were killed on day 31 to obtain biochemical, haematology and histology samples for analysis. Data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey’s test.

Results: The three HMPs produced alterations in liver morphology predominantly characterised by prominent foci of fatty change with scattered hepatocytes containing intracytoplasmic fat globules and congested central veins and sinusoids. The lungs showed alveolar with evidence of inflammation and foci of epithelial sloughing. Alveolar spaces were also obscured by debris and inflammatory cells. HPA and HPC produced scattered intensely congested heart vessels while HPB(10) produced haemorrhage and amorphous exudates within the heart. All HMPs produced neither treatment-related deaths nor significant change in haematological and biochemical parameters, except for HPA and HPB which decreased (P<0.05) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and HPB, which elevated (P<0.05) fasting blood glucose (FBG).

Conclusion: Data from the present study suggest the potential of the herbal products (HPs), HPA, HPB and HPC, to cause major organ-system dysfunction or damage. We advise cautious use of these products and recommend further safety evaluation in chronic toxicity models.
The protective effect of PPARγ in sepsis-induced acute lung injury via inhibiting PTEN/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Liu Lili , Chen Junyi , Zhang Xiaofang , Cui Xue , Qiao Nana , Zhang Yun , Yang Jie
Published: May 2020

The present study aims to reveal the molecular mechanism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). To do that, the rat injury model was established using cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) method, followed by different treatments, and the rats were divided into Sham group, CLP group, CLP + rosiglitazone (PPARγ agonist) group, CLP + GW9662 (PPARγ inhibitor) group, CLP + bpV (phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) inhibitor) group, CLP + GW9662 + bpV group. Compared with Sham group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of PPARγ were down-regulated, the inflammation levels were elevated, and the apoptosis was increased in CLP group. After treatment with rosiglitazone, the protein expression level of PPARγ was significantly up-regulated, the phosphorylation level of PTEN/β-catenin pathway was decreased, the PTEN/β-catenin pathway was inhibited, the lung injury, inflammation and apoptosis were reduced. The opposite effect was observed after treatment with GW9662. Besides, bpV inhibited PTEN/β-catenin pathway, and relieved the lung tissue injury. The overexpression of PPARγ reduced inflammatory response and inhibited apoptosis in sepsis-induced ALI. Furthermore, PPARγ relieved the sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting the PTEN/β-catenin pathway.
Children's Active Engagement in Public School Language Therapy Relates to Greater Gains
Authors: Schmitt Mary Beth
Published: May 2020

Purpose

The current study examined children's engagement as an active ingredient of language therapy in public schools and considered the potential interplay between engagement and dose on outcomes.

Method

Participants included 135 children with language impairment receiving business-as-usual therapy from 70 speech-language pathologists. Two videotaped therapy sessions from each participating child were coded for children's level of engagement and time in language-focused therapy (dose).

Results

Hierarchical linear modeling was used for analyses; children's level of engagement (i.e., active engagement) was significantly, positively related to children's language gain and was not moderated by dose.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that children's active participation in therapy sessions is a significant component to effective language therapy and underscores the need for further research.
“Are We Done Yet?” Question-Asking in Boys With Fragile X Syndrome and Idiopathic Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Friedman Laura , Lorang Emily , Hilvert Elizabeth , Sterling Audra
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Question-asking serves as a tool to learn new information and is important in both academic and social settings. Boys with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and boys with fragile X syndrome and comorbid ASD (FXS + ASD) have similar social communication deficits, which may have downstream effects on their question-asking ability. This study examined question-asking in school-age boys with idiopathic ASD and FXS + ASD, including the role of ASD severity, expressive grammatical complexity (measured by mean length of utterance [MLU]), and IQ.

Method

Twenty-five boys with FXS + ASD and 21 boys with idiopathic ASD (ages 9–16 years) were included in this study. Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule assessments were transcribed and coded for the frequency, function, and appropriateness of spontaneous questions asked. We examined group differences in these aspects of question-asking and relationships between question-asking and ASD severity, MLU, and IQ within each group.

Results

Boys with FXS + ASD asked more questions than boys with idiopathic ASD, although boys with idiopathic ASD asked a higher proportion of appropriate questions. Boys with idiopathic ASD also asked the examiner more personal questions than the boys with FXS + ASD. ASD severity and MLU were related to the proportion of clarification questions in FXS + ASD, and ASD severity was also related to the proportion of personal questions in this group. For the boys with idiopathic ASD, ASD severity was related to the total number of questions asked.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight similarities and differences between boys with FXS + ASD and idiopathic ASD in their spontaneous question production and indicate that ASD severity and grammatical language are differentially important for question-asking. This study has implications for targeted treatment in question-asking skills for boys with FXS + ASD and ASD.
Acoustics of Retroflex Sounds in Hindi and Other Languages
Authors: Chawla Taniya , Meigh Kimberly M.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Retroflex sounds are frequently misarticulated speech sounds in India (Kaur et al., 2017). This may be due to its complex movement that involves the tongue tip to be curled backward and often in contact behind the alveolar ridge (Hamann, 2003). However, there is a paucity of acoustic studies that have measured different types of retroflex sounds in Hindi and other languages. The aim of this article is to provide information regarding the acoustic characteristics of retroflex speech sounds in Hindi and other languages.

Conclusion

Of all retroflex sounds, stop retroflex manner of articulation is the most studied. Formant frequencies help in distinguishing different places of articulation. Formant frequency F3 distinguishes retroflex sounds, whereas vowels play a crucial role in identifying the retroflex sound. There are insufficient acoustic data for retroflex sounds of manners different than stops (e.g., Hindi retroflex tap), which may lead to a lack of evidence-based assessment and treatment for these sounds.
Cold molecular gas and PAH emission in the nuclear and circumnuclear regions of Seyfert galaxies
Authors: Alonso-Herrero A. , Pereira-Santaella M. , Rigopoulou D. , García-Bernete I. , García-Burillo S. , Domínguez-Fernández A. J. , Combes F. , Davies R. I. , Díaz-Santos T. , Esparza-Arredondo D. , González-Martín O. , Hernán-Caballero A. , Hicks E. K. S. , Hönig S. F. , Levenson N. A. , Ramos Almeida C. , Roche P. F. , Rosario D.
Published: May 2020

We investigate the relation between the detection of the 11.3 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) feature in the nuclear (∼24−230 pc) regions of 22 nearby Seyfert galaxies and the properties of the cold molecular gas. For the former we use ground-based (0.3−0.6″ resolution) mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy. The cold molecular gas is traced by ALMA and NOEMA high (0.2−1.1″) angular resolution observations of the CO(2–1) transition. Galaxies with a nuclear detection of the 11.3 μm PAH feature contain more cold molecular gas (median 1.6 × 107 M⊙) and have higher column densities (N(H2) = 2 × 1023 cm−2) over the regions sampled by the mid-IR slits than those without a detection. This suggests that molecular gas plays a role in shielding the PAH molecules in the harsh environments of Seyfert nuclei. Choosing the PAH molecule naphthalene as an illustration, we compute its half-life in the nuclear regions of our sample when exposed to 2.5 keV hard X-ray photons. We estimate shorter half-lives for naphthalene in nuclei without a 11.3 μm PAH detection than in those with a detection. TheSpitzer/IRS PAH ratios on circumnuclear scales (∼4″ ∼ 0.25−1.3 kpc) are in between model predictions for neutral and partly ionized PAHs. However, Seyfert galaxies in our sample with the highest nuclear H2column densities are not generally closer to the neutral PAH tracks. This is because in the majority of our sample galaxies, the CO(2–1) emission in the inner ∼4″ is not centrally peaked and in some galaxies traces circumnuclear sites of strong star formation activity. Spatially resolved observations with the MIRI medium-resolution spectrograph on theJames WebbSpace Telescope will be able to distinguish the effects of an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and star formation on the PAH emission in nearby AGN.
A multi-diagnostic spectral analysis of penumbral microjets
Authors: Drews Ainar , van der Voort Luc Rouppe
Published: May 2020

Context. Penumbral microjets (PMJs) are short-lived, jet-like objects found in the penumbra of sunspots. They were first discovered in chromospheric lines and have later also been shown to exhibit signals in transition region (TR) lines. Their origin and manner of evolution is not yet settled.

Aims. We perform a comprehensive analysis of PMJs through the use of spectral diagnostics that span from photospheric to TR temperatures to constrain PMJ properties.

Methods We employed high-spatial-resolution Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope observations in the Ca II 8542 Å and H α lines, IRIS slit-jaw images, and IRIS spectral observations in the Mg II h & k lines, the Mg II 2798.75 Å & 2798.82 Å triplet blend, the C II 1334 Å & 1335 Å lines, and the Si IV 1394 Å & 1403 Å lines. We derived a wide range of spectral diagnostics from these and investigated other secondary phenomena associated with PMJs.

Results. We find that PMJs exhibit varying degrees of signal in all of our studied spectral lines. We find low or negligible Doppler velocities and velocity gradients throughout our diagnostics and all layers of the solar atmosphere associated with these. Dark features in the inner wings of H α and Ca II 8542 Å imply that PMJs form along pre-existing fibril structures. We find evidence for upper photospheric heating in a subset of PMJs through emission in the wings of the Mg II triplet lines. There is little evidence for ubiquitous twisting motion in PMJs. There is no marked difference in onset-times for PMJ brightenings in different spectral lines.

Conclusions. PMJs most likely exhibit only very modest mass-motions, contrary to earlier suggestions. We posit that PMJs form at upper photospheric or chromospheric heights at pre-existing fibril structures.
Doppelbilder und eine falsche Fährte
Authors: Weigel Karolin , Lobsien Elmar , Lobsien Donald , Brodhun Michael , Conrad Elke , Steinbrecher Andreas
Published: May 2020

Eine 72-jährige Patientin konsultierte das Notfallzentrum aufgrund akut aufgetretener horizontaler Doppelbilder. Klinisch-neurologisch zeigte sich eine isolierte Abduzensparese links. Diagnostisch fanden sich bereits im Rahmen der Erstvorstellung ein erhöhtes Serum-ACE und eine betonte rechte Hilusfigur in der Röntgenaufnahme des Thorax, sodass der V. a. Sarkoidose bestand. Die Patientin lehnte eine weitere Diagnostik zu diesem Zeitpunkt ab. Wenige Tage später kam es zur erneuten stationären Aufnahme bei zunehmender Sehverschlechterung und Lidheberschwäche links, Schwäche des rechten Arms, Schmerzen zervikothorakal und allgemeiner Kraftlosigkeit. Klinisch-neurologisch zeigte sich nun eine Visusminderung mit externer Ophthalmoplegie und Ptosis links sowie ein C8 Syndrom rechts. Es erfolgten ein MRT der Neuroachse sowie der Orbitae, CT-Thorax / Abdomen, Lumbalpunktion, bronchoalveoläre Lavage, FDG-PET/CT sowie Elektrophysiologie. Bildmorphologisch waren multilokuläre Läsionen, u.a. im Orbitatrichter links und intraspinal epidural sowie Lymphknoten-Manifestationen u.a. retroperitoneal darstellbar. Laborchemisch waren die Serumwerte für ACE, sIL2-Rezeptor und die CD4 / CD8-Ratio erhöht und in der BAL eine lymphozytäre Alveolitis nachweisbar. Die, unter der Verdachtsdiagnose einer Sarkoidose, durchgeführte Biopsie aus dem Weichteilgewebe unterhalb des M. masseters links ergab ein diffuses großzelliges B-Zell-Lymphom. Eine Immun-Chemotherapie nach dem R-CHOP-Schema mit kurativem Ansatz wurde eingeleitet. Der Fall zeigt die fehlende Spezifität der erhobenen klinischen, labor- und liquordiagnostischen sowie bildgebenden Befunde und illustriert die Notwendigkeit der histologischen Sicherung in der Differentialdiagnose der Sarkoidose.
HELLP Syndrome or Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy: A Differential Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Rath Werner , Tsikouras Panagiotis , Stelzl Patrick
Published: May 2020

HELLP syndrome and the less common acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFL) are unpredictable, life-threatening complications of pregnancy. The similarities in their clinical and laboratory presentations are often challenging for the obstetrician when making a differential diagnosis. Both diseases are characterised by microvesicular steatosis of varying degrees of severity. A specific risk profile does not exist for either of the entities. Genetic defects in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and multiple pregnancy are considered to be common predisposing factors. The diagnosis of AFL is based on a combination of clinical symptoms and laboratory findings. The Swansea criteria have been proposed as a diagnostic tool for orientation. HELLP syndrome is a laboratory diagnosis based on the triad of haemolysis, elevated aminotransferase levels and a platelet count < 100 G/l. Generalised malaise, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain are common symptoms of both diseases, making early diagnosis difficult. Clinical differences include a lack of polydipsia/polyuria in HELLP syndrome, while jaundice is more common and more pronounced in AFL, there is a lower incidence of hypertension and proteinuria, and patients with AFL may develop encephalopathy with rapid progression to acute liver failure. In contrast, neurological symptoms such as severe headache and visual disturbances are more prominent in patients with HELLP syndrome. In terms of laboratory findings, AFL can be differentiated from HELLP syndrome by the presence of leucocytosis, hypoglycaemia, more pronounced hyperbilirubinemia, an initial lack of haemolysis and thrombocytopenia < 100 G/l, as well as lower antithrombin levels < 65% and prolonged prothrombin times. While HELLP syndrome has a fluctuating clinical course with rapid exacerbation within hours or transient remissions, AFL rapidly progresses to acute liver failure if the infant is not delivered immediately. The only causal treatment for both diseases is immediate delivery. Expectant management between 24 + 0 and 33 + 6 weeks of gestation is recommended for HELLP syndrome, but only in cases where the mother can be stabilised and there is no evidence of foetal compromise. The maternal mortality rate for HELLP syndrome in developed countries is approximately 1%, while the rate for AFL is 1.8 – 18%. Perinatal mortality rates are 7 – 20% and 15 – 20%, respectively. While data on the long-term impact of AFL on the health of mother and child is still insufficient, HELLP syndrome is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular, metabolic and neurological diseases in later life.
Zurück in den Ring
Authors: Rossel Bastian , Gunti Annina
Published: May 2020

Der 27-jährige Thaiboxer hat nach einem Trauma Schwierigkeiten, seinen Arm beim Schlag zu kontrollieren und die nötige Geschwindigkeit für einen erfolgreichen
Schlag aufzubringen. Die Physiotherapeuten Bastian Rossel und Annina Gunti evaluieren und therapieren das Problem des Patienten anhand des Algorithmus BeSos –
mit Erfolg. Vier Monate nach Therapiestart steht der Boxer wieder im Ring.
Bewegungsgesundheit der Skapula
Authors: Karlinger Thomas
Published: May 2020

Bewegungsgesundheit bedeutet, viel Bewegungsvariabilität zur Verfügung zu haben. Therapeuten untersuchen die Bewegungsgesundheit, indem sie das bevorzugte
Bewegungsmuster und die kognitive Bewegungskontrolle analysieren. Fundierte anatomische Kenntnisse und eine scharfe Beobachtungsgabe sind dabei wesentlich, um
das Problem zu identifizieren.
Schmerzedukation – aktueller denn je
Authors: Bucher-Dollenz Gerti
Published: May 2020

Die immer komplexeren Patientenprobleme verlangen von Manualtherapeuten den bewussten Einsatz von Edukationsstrategien. Schmerzedukation zählt zu den wichtigsten
edukativen Maßnahmen bei Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen. Dabei zeigt eine individualisierte Edukation den größten Effekt.

Die wenigsten physiotherapeutischen Curricula berücksichtigen Schmerzedukation. Diese könnte jedoch einen wichtigen Schritt in Richtung weitere
Professionalisierung der Physiotherapie darstellen. Sie ist ein Tool im Rahmen des Patientenmanagements und sollte ebenso wie andere Herangehensweisen auf
metakognitiver Ebene reflektiert werden.
Physiotherapeuten orientieren sich nur bedingt an den Leilinien
Authors: Vielitz Arne
Published: May 2020

Zadro J, O’Keeffe M, Maher C. Do Physical Therapists Follow Evidence-based Guidelines when Managing Musculoskeletal Conditions? Systematic Review. BMJ Open 2019; 9: e032329. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019–032329
Geringe Evidenz für segmentale Bewegungsprüfung
Authors: Vielitz Arne
Published: May 2020

Stolz M, von Piekartz H, Hall T et al. Evidence and Recommendations for the Use of Segmental Motion Testing for Patients with LBP – A Systematic Review. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2020; 45: 102076. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2019.102076
Sialoscintigraphy – Shopworn or Bestselling? A Traditional Procedure with New Prominent Role in Theranostics and Immuno-Oncology
Authors: Kreppel Barbara , Gaertner Florian C. , Essler Markus
Published: May 2020

Sialoscintigraphy has been used in nuclear imaging for almost sixty years. It allows functional assessment and quantification of all large salivary glands. Physiological function of the salivary glands is essential for the preservation of the oral mucosa, the sense of taste and dental health. Impaired salivary gland function may lead to reduced or even absent salivation resulting in various complaints such as loss of taste reducing quality of life. During the recent years clinical relevance of assessment of salivary gland function has been rising. As novel radiopharmaceuticals such as 225Ac-PSMA or 177Lu-PSMA may cause damage to the salivary glands in a subset of patients, reliable methods for quantification of salivary gland function are vital for therapy planning and follow-up. Standardized protocols for the implementation and interpretation of this procedure are necessary to achieve comparable results from individual theranostic centers and to facilitate multicenter trials. Sialocintigraphy is also of clinical relevance for immunooncology. Treatments with checkpoint inhibitors such as Ipilimumab or Nivulomab frequently cause autoimmune disorders affecting the salivary glands that may lead to reduced production of saliva and finally loss of taste. Therefore, standardized procedure protocols for sialoscintigraphy are also important for general oncology.

Here we suggest a protocol for sialoscintigraphy that may be used as standard in centers for theranostics or immunooncology and discuss the potential future role of this traditional procedure.
Heparin-Coated Liposomes Improve Antiplasmodial Activity and Reduce
the Toxicity of Poupartone B
Authors: Ledoux Allison , Mamede Lucia , Palazzo Claudio , Furst Tania , Jansen Olivia , De Tullio Pascal , Kagisha Védaste , Pendeville Hélène , Fillet Marianne , Piel Géraldine , Frédérich Michel
Published: May 2020

Poupartone B is an alkyl cyclohexenone derivative isolated from Poupartia
borbonica. This compound demonstrated promising antimalarial activity
(IC50 < 1 µg/mL), however, it was not
devoid of toxicity. Thus, to reduce the adverse side effects of this natural
bioactive molecule, a delivery strategy involving a nanostructure was
formulated. Additionally, poupartone B-loaded liposomes were coated with
heparin, a glycosaminoglycan that is known to target proteins on the surface of
Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells. The quantification of
the compound in the formulation was performed by HPLC-DAD, while heparin was
quantitated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The liposomes’
antiplasmodial activity was tested on artemisinin-resistant P. falciparum
isolate, and toxicity was evaluated on human HeLa cells and zebrafish embryos.
Throughout this research, the formulation demonstrated higher antiplasmodial
activities against both P. falciparum strains and a significant decrease
of in vitro toxicity. The formulation improved the selectivity index 2
times in vitro and proved to be 3 times less toxic than the compound
alone in the zebrafish embryo acute toxicity test. Hence, the use of this
strategy to deliver natural products in Plasmodium-infected cells,
particularly those with a narrow therapeutic margin, is proposed.
RELATION BETWEEN SALIVARY AND SERUM VITAMIN C LEVELS AND DENTAL CARIES EXPERIENCE IN ADULTS - A BIOCHEMICAL STUDY
Authors: Hegde Mithra N. , Kumari Suchetha , Hegde Nidarsh D. , Shetty Shilpa S.
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to estimate the vitamin C levels in saliva and serum of caries free and caries active adults and to correlate the vitamin C level with DMFT index (D=decayed, m=missing, f=filled, t=teeth) index. The present study included eighty healthy adults who were divided into four groups; Control, Group- I, Group II and Group- III with a DMFT index 0, <3, <10 and > 10 respectively. Saliva and serum samples were collected from all the four groups. The vitamin C of saliva and serum was estimated by dinitro phenyl hydrazine (DNPH) method. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the vitamin C levels of saliva and serum. Only differences with 'p'value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Saliva and serum vitamin C level decreases with increase in caries activity and is statistically significant suggesting the powerful antioxidant property of vitamin C.
ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE MODERATOR BAND
Authors: Y. Raghavendra A. , Kumar Arunachalam , Tarvadi Pratik , R. Harsha C. ,   Kavitha
Published: May 2020

Moderator band is a muscular trabecula which extends from interventricular septal wall to the base of anterior papillary muscle in right ventricle of heart. This study was conducted on 20 hearts from adult human cadavers. Out of 20 specimens of heart we could observe the presence of moderator band in 17 and in rest 3 it was not visible for record. Origin length, thickness and distance from tricuspid valve were noted. The average length of the moderator band was 13.82cm with the SD of 3.94 and the average thickness being 4.46cm with the SD of 1.36. The average distance from tricuspid valve was 3.6cm with the SD of 1.01. As the moderator bands, or other large trabeculations, can be major obstacle for the repair of apical ventricular septal defects, the morphometric study of moderator band may help the surgeons during surgical procedures conducted for correction of such defects.
STUDY OF ACCESSORY FORAMEN TRANSVERSARIA IN CERVICAL VERTEBRAE
Authors: Rathnakar Pretty , K. Remya ,   Swathi
Published: May 2020

The cervical vertebrae presents foramen transversaria in each transverse process. In all but the seventh cervical vertebra, the foramen normally transmits vertebral artery and vein and a branch from the cervicothoracic ganglion.

140 cervical vertebrae were studied. Variations were noticed in the number of foramen transversarium unilaterally and bilaterally. Variations in foramen transversarium may indicate the variation in course of vertebral arteries
A CASE OF SPHENOID SINUS MUCOCELE FOLLOWING ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY FOR FUNGAL SINUSITIS
Authors: B. Satheesh Kumar Bhandary , Bhat Vadisha Srinivas
Published: May 2020

Paranasal sinus mucoceles are common in frontal sinus, followed by ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. Sphenoid sinus is the least common site of mucocele, representing less than 2% of all paranasal sinus mucoceles. Here we present a case of sphenoid sinus mucocele, developing in a patient, who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for fungal sinusitis involving the sphenoid sinus, presented with headache as the only complaint. The mucocele was diagnosed radiologically and was treated surgically by endoscopic sinus surgery.
Synthesis of (2S,3R,5R)-2-Azido-3,5-dihydroxynonadecane Sphingolipid Analogue
Authors: Momha René , Pegnyemb Dieudonné Emmanuel , Mosset Paul
Published: May 2020

A concise and highly efficient synthesis of an enigmol analogue has been achieved. The synthetic strategy features Jacobsen’s hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) and epoxide opening by alkynyl boranes as the key steps.
Buchwald–Hartwig versus Microwave-Assisted Amination of Chloroquinolines: En Route to the Pyoverdin Chromophore
Authors: Laschat Sabine , Seubert Philipp , Freund Marcel , Rudolf Richard , Lin Yulin , Altevogt Luca , Bilitewski Ursula , Baro Angelika
Published: May 2020

The reaction of 2-chloro-6,7-dimethoxy-3-nitroquinoline with a series of amines and aminoalkanoates under basic microwave-mediated conditions and under Buchwald–Hartwig amination conditions is reported. The microwave irradiation favored the reaction with amines, resulting in yields of up to 80%, whereas amino acid functionalization gave yields comparable to those of Buchwald–Hartwig amination. tert-Butyl (2R)-4-[(6,7-dimethoxy-3-nitroquinolin-2-yl)amino]-2-hydroxybutanoate was successfully cyclized to the pyoverdin chromophore, a subunit of siderophores.
Role of Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Functional Assessment of Transplant Kidneys at 3-Tesla MRI
Authors: S. Thambidurai , Arunachalam Venkatesh Kasi , R. Rupa , R. Sriman
Published: May 2020

Objectives The main purpose of this article is to measure the fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of cortex and medulla of renal allograft using 3-Tesla diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in renal transplant patients with normal and graft dysfunction and to assess the correlation between diffusion tensor parameters (ADC and FA) and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) value.

Materials and Methods Fifty renal transplant recipients who received either living or cadaveric renal allografts were included in the study. Blood samples for serum creatinine and eGFR value were taken on the same day prior to the magnetic resonance study and the patients were assigned to three groups (A, B, C) according to allograft function (eGFR levels). The mean ADC and FA values of the cortex/medulla in upper, mid, and lower poles were calculated from the DTI sequence. Statistical analysis was performed using paired sample Student’s t-test and one-way analysis of variance test.

Results The mean ADC values of the cortex were higher than the medulla that was statistically significant. However, the mean FA values were significantly higher in the medulla than the cortex. Mean ADCs and FA of the renal cortex and medulla were significantly higher in group A patients with normal renal function than in group B and C with poor renal functions. The corticomedullary difference in the FA values was more in group A. However, this difference was lower in group B and more so in group C.

Conclusion ADC and FA values in the renal cortex and medulla exhibit a good correlation with allograft function and were significantly lower in transplants with dysfunction than those with good function. FA values appear to be more sensitive than eGFR and ADC for detection of early pathological changes in the graft dysfunction.
Structuring Clinical Data for Improving Departmental Functionality
Authors: Levine Elliot M.
Published: May 2020

A practical clinical information system used in a hospital's Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology is described, demonstrating its utility to automatically provide required regulatory reports and potential clinical performance improvement, in an easy-to-use way. Its use demonstrates how physician's workflow can be left unimpeded, while centralizing scribe activity to translate textually based documentation to structured data, to improve functionality within its departmental activity. The ability to easily view clinical trends from the collected data continues to demonstrate the value of structured data.
A Continuous Suture Anastomosis Outperforms a Simple Interrupted Suture Anastomosis in Esophageal Elongation
Authors: Oetzmann von Sochaczewski Christina , Tagkalos Evangelos , Lindner Andreas , Lang Hauke , Heimann Axel , Muensterer Oliver J.
Published: May 2020

Introduction Long-gap esophageal atresia represents a distinct entity among the esophageal atresia spectrum. In many patients, achieving a reasonable anastomosis depends on some millimeters of tissue. We aimed to determine what effect the suturing technique would have on esophageal ex vivo elongation as it may determine the strength of a primary anastomosis.

Materials and Methods In an analysis of porcine esophagi from animals for slaughter (100–120 days old with a weight of 100–120 kg), we determined esophageal length gain of simple continuous and simple interrupted suture anastomoses subjected to linear traction until linear breaking strength was reached. Statistical power of 80% was ensured based on an a priori power analysis using five specimens per group in a separate exploratory experiment.

Results The simple continuous suture anastomosis in 15 porcine esophagi (

 = 4.47 cm, 95% confidence interval: 4.08–4.74 cm) outperformed the simple interrupted suture anastomosis in another 15 esophagi (

 = 3.03 cm, 95% confidence interval: 2.59–3.43 cm) in length gain (Δ = 1.44 cm, 95% confidence interval: 0.87–2.01 cm, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion Simple continuous anastomoses achieved higher length gain compared with simple interrupted suture anastomoses. This effect warrants an experimental assessment in vivo to assess its potential merits for clinical applicability.