bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)–Based Intervention for an Adult Experiencing Post-Stroke Anxiety and Medically Unexplained Symptoms
Authors: Graham Christopher D. , Gillanders David , Stuart Simon , Gouick Joanna
Published: June 2014

To date, there is little support for the use of any psychotherapy to address post-stroke anxiety. Similarly, there have been no trials of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for post-stroke anxiety, but clinician opinion suggests that an ACT approach may be effective in this context. In this case study, a high-functioning younger man with post-stroke anxiety and associated medically unexplained symptoms (chest pain and dizziness) was assessed and treated using an ACT approach. Mediators of change for both ACT (psychological flexibility) and cognitive therapy (illness perceptions) were recorded as were measures of depression, anxiety, and stress. By the end of treatment, the client was free of chest pain, had successfully returned to work, and had considerable reductions in anxiety, with smaller reductions in depression and stress. As outcomes improved, concomitant changes in psychological flexibility and illness perceptions were observed. The potential benefits offered by an ACT approach to post-stroke anxiety are discussed.
Guns, Gangs, and Genes
Authors: Connolly Eric J. , Beaver Kevin M.
Published: June 2014

Handgun and gang violence represent two important threats to public safety. Although several studies have examined the factors that increase the risk for gang membership and handgun carrying, few studies have explored the biosocial underpinnings to the development of both gang involvement and carrying a handgun. The current study addressed this gap in the literature by using kinship data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 to estimate the genetic and environmental effects on gang membership, handgun carrying, and the covariance between the two. Results revealed that genetic and nonshared environmental influences accounted for much of the association between gang membership and handgun carrying. Implications of these findings for future gang research are discussed.
Freak Show: Modern Constructions of Ciceronian Monstra and Foucauldian Monstrosity
Authors: Troshynski Emily I. , Weiner Jesse D.
Published: June 2014

Monsters, a mixture of two realms, the animal and the human, have always defined the boundaries of society. Michel Foucault (1974–1975) suggests that monsters are living transgressions, deviations from a preconceived idea of “normal,” the kind of irregularity that calls law into question and disables it. Foucault’s theories of monstrosity reach back to Cicero and ancient etymologies, according to which monsters are things or people to be shown or displayed. Building off of Foucault’s notion of the insane as a representation of a monstrosity behind all criminality, this article analyzes qualitative research completed with sex offender parolees. Due to recent legislation, these individuals are forced to live in public with a visual surveillance technology permanently equipped to their body, thus displaying their status as “sex offender.” Throughout, we document how, in the modern construction of “monster,” technology is now an essential element in the codified relationship of “madness” and society. In conclusion, we suggest that recent legislation does not protect the public from monsters; it actively creates them. To anticipate our conclusions, we document Foucault’s monster-as-spectacle as being alive and well in our current cultural and legal landscapes.
Affirming the Human? The Question of Biopolitics
Authors: Murray Stuart J.
Published: June 2014

This article stages a rhetorical encounter between Heidegger and Foucault, positing the topos of care to critique the recent turn to “affirmative” biopolitics. For both thinkers, “the question of the human” redounds upon a subject whose being is constituted tropologically, yet “affirmative” biopoliticians misunderstand the rhetoricity of the human question and are caught within a neoliberal ethic. Reading Heidegger’s use of a first-century CE fable in Being of Time alongside Foucault’s final lectures on the fabled death of Socrates and the care of the self, this article explores their rhetorical strategies of self-constitution as a relation of chresis and care.
Experience in the use of collagenase clostridium histolyticum in the management of Peyronie’s disease: current data and future prospects
Authors: Egui Rojo María Alejandra , Moncada Iribarren Ignacio , Carballido Rodriguez Joaquín , Martinez-Salamanca Juan Ignacio
Published: June 2014

Introduction:

Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a chronic wound-healing disorder characterized by formation of fibrous inelastic scarring of the tunica albuginea resulting in a variety of penile deformities. In most cases, PD is accompanied by a physical and psychological impact. Xiaflex® is an injectable collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCh) preparation consisting of a predetermined mixture of two distinct collagenases. Recently the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Xiaflex® for the nonsurgical treatment of men with PD with curvature of 30° or more and tangible scar tissue plaque in their penis.

Method:

This article presents a comprehensive review of the updated information on the use of Xiaflex® for the nonsurgical treatment of PD.

Results:

Mean improvements in penile curvature ranging from 29% to 34% and in bother domain scores have been reported. The majority of the reported adverse effects are mild or moderate and 79% resolve without intervention.

Conclusion:

The combined results of these trials have led to the FDA approval of CCh for the treatment of PD. However, the long-term effects and results need further investigation, with large follow-up series. Considering these results, future perspectives will probably result in the use of a combined or sequential therapy including CCh.
Concierge Medicine
Authors: Gavirneni Srinagesh , Kulkarni Vidyadhar
Published: June 2014

A model of retainer-based medicine, commonly called concierge medicine, whereby some patients pay a retainer for physician access, demonstrates that all patients can benefit from this arrangement. Implemented mostly by primary care physicians (e.g., internists and family medicine practices), the system reduces the pressure on physicians to see as many patients as possible and allows patients for whom waiting is a concern to gain quicker access to medical care. Using a stylized queuing model, this study addresses the effects on physicians, “elite” patients, and those who are not paying a retainer. A key finding is that, if implemented properly, concierge medicine can be beneficial for all the patients and the service provider by reducing patient wait times and increasing providers’ income. For two sample ZIP codes, the analysis shows estimates of improved wait times and provider revenue based on a particular level of retainer payment. An examination of 251 U.S. ZIP codes where concierge medicine has been adopted shows that retainer-based health care is more likely to be adopted in locations with relatively high average age and income.
Why Attend Tradeshows? A Comparison of Exhibitor and Attendee’s Preferences
Authors: Han Hyunjeong “Spring” , Verma Rohit
Published: June 2014

Tradeshows and conventions continue to thrive in the twenty-first century, both for information exchanges and direct selling, but numerous forces have meant changes in show operation and in participants’ selection criteria for attendance. A study of more than 2,500 tradeshow exhibitors and attendees document a clear bifurcation in the reasons for attendance in these two groups. Exhibitors are primarily focused on business and contact development, whereas participants seek a unique experience and are motivated heavily by educational goals. Successful tradeshows will need to satisfy both of these complementary sets of goals. The effects of social media and mobile technology on tradeshows are noticeable but still in flux, as many shows increasingly use virtual methods for information exchange and contact development. Environmental sustainability has become important to both exhibitors and attendees, and budgetary constraints continue to be an issue. Not only are there differences in relative preferences of exhibitors and attendees, but subgroups within each category also show different tradeshow criteria, based on age, frequency of tradeshow visits, career stage, and their technology readiness.
Using Behavioral Research to Design Better Customer Experiences
Authors: Dixon Michael J. , Walsman Matthew C.
Published: June 2014

In the recently published book— The Customer Service Solution—authors Sriram Dasu and Richard Chase write that successful operation of service firms is critically tied to the implicit, or psychological, outcomes of a service offering. Based on behavioral science and psychology research, they focus on ways that service providers can influence customers’ affective response to service. They suggest ways to design services that are trusted, emotionally positive, and memorable by managing sequences, duration, choices, and attributions. Principles for sequencing services include getting unpleasant parts over with early on, segmenting pleasurable experiences, combining the unpleasant events, and building to a strong finish. Giving customers control over some parts of the service process improves their satisfaction, as does controlling the perceptions of a service’s duration.
Associations Between Maternal Feeding Style and Child Overweight
Authors: Worobey John , Trytko Ulyana
Published: June 2014

Previous research has identified numerous risk factors that are associated with the development of childhood obesity. In recent years, the possible role of parenting has also been explored, with the assumption made that parental control in the context of feeding may exert an influence on child eating and child weight. The aim of the present study was to explore whether parent feeding styles were associated with young children’s body mass index (BMI) and specifically if the authoritative style was predictive of a lower weight status. For this, 80 mother-child dyads were visited when children were 3 and 4 years old. Maternal feeding style was reported by the mothers at the 3-year visit, and children’s anthropometric measurements were made at 3 and 4 years. Although not different across groups at 3 years, children whose mothers reported an authoritative feeding style had the lowest mean BMI percentile scores at ages 3 and 4 years. Although the subgroup of children of authoritarian mothers showed a significant increase in their BMI percentile scores from 3 to 4 years, the children of indulgent mothers had the highest BMI percentile scores at 4 years. The results of this study suggest that an indulgent maternal feeding style may be a risk factor for children’s unrestricted eating and becoming overweight.
Safety of therapeutic hypothermia combined with primary percutaneous coronary intervention after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Chisholm Gro E , Grejs Anders , Thim Troels , Christiansen Evald H , Kaltoft Anne , Lassen Jens F , Kristensen Steen D , Bøtker Hans Erik , Maeng Michael
Published: June 2014

Background:

The safety of therapeutic hypothermia combined with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest has been challenged after reports of high risk of stent thrombosis.

Methods:

We searched the Western Denmark Heart Registry to identify patients with an acute coronary angiography due to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest performed at our institution between September 2010 and September 2013. We identified 68 unconscious patients, who were resuscitated after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and underwent acute PCI with stent implantation and immediate therapeutic hypothermia, and followed these for 30 days. Target temperature of 32-34°C was achieved by either an invasive or a non-invasive cooling system.

Results:

All patients had elevated myocardial biomarkers and 37 patients had ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Bare metal stents were implanted in 14 and drug-eluting stents in 54 patients. All patients received antithrombotic treatment with a standard loading dose of 300 mg acetylsalicylic acid and 10,000 units heparin intravenously prior PCI. Clopidogrel or ticagrelor was administered orally through a gastric tube immediately after PCI. During the procedure abciximab or bivalirudin was administered in 44 patients. Electrocardiographic and clinical signs of stent thrombosis were found in one patient.

Conclusions:

We observed one stent thrombosis in this cohort of 68 consecutive patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who were treated with PCI and therapeutic hypothermia. This suggests that PCI with stent implantation can be performed with acceptable safety in these patients.
An Epidemiological Study on the Awareness and Attitude of the Youths Toward AIDS in a Rural Area of West Bengal in India
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Sanjib , Das Saibal , Mondal Somnath
Published: June 2014

Introduction:

This community-based cross-sectional epidemiological study was performed to assess the awareness and attitude of youths toward AIDS in a rural area of West Bengal in India.

Methods:

Study population included 190 individuals (15–24 years). Data were collected using a semistructured, pretested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 17 by logistic regression model.

Results:

It was revealed that older youths and particularly men compared to women had more comprehensive knowledge of AIDS than adolescents. Education, media exposure, marriage, and possessing above poverty level (APL) status, all had stronger positive association with youths (more in men) having comprehensive knowledge of AIDS. Older, never married youths, and particularly men were more likely than adolescents to have accepting attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS. Education, media exposure, and not having below poverty level card, all had stronger positive association with youths having accepting attitudes toward women than toward men. Surprisingly among the male APL population, this association was negative.

Conclusion:

Educational and socioeconomic setbacks should be overcome in order to impose a better and justified attitude toward HIV/AIDS. Improved health conditions, proper counseling, and knowledge are essential to break the barriers of communication and ignorance toward HIV/AIDS in these parts of the developing countries.
Homoeologous duplicated regions are involved in quantitative resistance of Brassica napus to stem canker
Authors: Fopa Fomeju Berline , Falentin Cyril , Lassalle Gilles , Manzanares-Dauleux Maria J , Delourme Régine
Published: June 2014

Background

Several major crop species are current or ancient polyploids. To better describe the genetic factors controlling traits of agronomic interest (QTL), it is necessary to understand the structural and functional organisation of these QTL regions in relation to genome duplication. We investigated quantitative resistance to the fungal disease stem canker inBrassica napus,a highly duplicated amphidiploid species, to assess the proportion of resistance QTL located at duplicated positions.

Results

Genome-wide association analysis on a panel of 116 oilseed rape varieties genotyped with 3228 SNP indicated that 321 markers, corresponding to 64 genomic regions, are associated with resistance to stem canker. These genomic regions are relatively equally distributed on the A (53%) and C (47%) genomes ofB. napus. Overall, 44% of these regions (28/64) are duplicated homoeologous regions. They are located in duplications of six (E, J, R, T, U and W) of the 24 ancestral blocks that constitute theB. napusgenome. Overall, these six ancestral blocks have 34 duplicated copies in theB.napusgenome. Almost all of the duplicated copies (82% of the 34 regions) harboured resistance associated markers for stem canker resistance, which suggests structural and functional conservation of genetic factors involved in this trait inB. napus.

Conclusions

Our study provides information on the involvement of duplicated loci in the control of stem canker resistance inB. napus. Further investigation of the similarity/divergence in sequence and gene content of these duplicated regions will provide insight into the conservation and allelic diversity of the underlying genes.
Cytotoxic effects of the compound cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate on K-562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells
Authors: Pereira Flávia de Castro , de Lima Aliny Pereira , Vilanova-Costa Cesar Augusto Sam Tiago , Pires Wanessa Carvalho , Ribeiro Alessandra de Santana Braga Barbosa , Pereira Lucas Carlos Gomes , Pavanin Luiz Alfredo , dos Santos Wagner Batista , Silveira-Lacerda Elisângela de Paula
Published: June 2014

Chemotherapy is a common treatment for leukemia. Ruthenium complexes have shown potential utility in chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. The identification of new chemotherapeutics agents is critical for further progress in the treatment of leukemia. Ruthenium complexes generally have lower toxicities compared to cisplatin attributed to their specific accumulation in cancer tissues. Based on these evidences, in the present work we studied the cytotoxic activity of the ruthenium(III) compound cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate - {cis-[Ru(C2O4)(NH3)4]2(S2O6)} against human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells (K-562) tumor cell line. The tested compound induces cell death in a dose and time dependent manner on K-562 cells. It is found that the effect was improved linearly while prolonging the incubation time. Compared to the cell cycle profiles of untreated cells, flow cytometric analysis indicated the sub-G1 arresting effect of ruthenium compound on K-562 cells. In our study, {cis-[Ru(C2O4)(NH3)4]2(S2O6)} shows a significant increase in tailed cells in any of the concentrations tested compared with negative control. Consequently, the concentration of {cis-[Ru(C2O4)(NH3)4]2(S2O6)} might be associated cytotoxicity with direct effect on K-562 cells DNA. Thus, it can be deducted that ruthenium-based compounds present selectivity to enter both tumor and normal cells. Additional studies are needed to determine the molecular mechanisms of the active components and to evaluate the potential in vivo anticancer activity of the cis-tetraammine(oxalato)ruthenium(III) dithionate.
Nitroglycerin reverts clinical manifestations of poor peripheral perfusion in patients with circulatory shock
Authors: Lima Alexandre , van Genderen Michel E , van Bommel Jasper , Klijn Eva , Jansem Tim , Bakker Jan
Published: June 2014

Introduction

Recent clinical studies have shown a relationship between abnormalities in peripheral perfusion and unfavorable outcome in patients with circulatory shock. Nitroglycerin is effective in restoring alterations in microcirculatory blood flow. The aim of this study was to investigate whether nitroglycerin could correct the parameters of abnormal peripheral circulation in resuscitated circulatory shock patients.

Methods

This interventional study recruited patients who had circulatory shock and who persisted with abnormal peripheral perfusion despite normalization of global hemodynamic parameters. Nitroglycerin started at 2 mg/hour and doubled stepwise (4, 8, and 16 mg/hour) each 15 minutes until an improvement in peripheral perfusion was observed. Peripheral circulation parameters included capillary refill time (CRT), skin-temperature gradient (Tskin-diff), perfusion index (PI), and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) during a reactive hyperemia test (RincStO2). Measurements were performed before, at the maximum dose, and after cessation of nitroglycerin infusion. Data were analyzed by using linear model for repeated measurements and are presented as mean (standard error).

Results

Of the 15 patients included, four patients (27%) responded with an initial nitroglycerin dose of 2 mg/hour. In all patients, nitroglycerin infusion resulted in significant changes in CRT, Tskin-diff, and PI toward normal at the maximum dose of nitroglycerin: from 9.4 (0.6) seconds to 4.8 (0.3) seconds (P <0.05), from 3.3°C (0.7°C) to 0.7°C (0.6°C) (P <0.05), and from [log] -0.5% (0.2%) to 0.7% (0.1%) (P <0.05), respectively. Similar changes in StO2 and RincStO2 were observed: from 75% (3.4%) to 84% (2.7%) (P <0.05) and 1.9%/second (0.08%/second) to 2.8%/second (0.05%/second) (P <0.05), respectively. The magnitude of changes in StO2 was more pronounced for StO2 of less than 75%: 11% versus 4%, respectively (P <0.05).

Conclusions

Dose-dependent infusion of nitroglycerin reverted abnormal peripheral perfusion and poor tissue oxygenation in patients following circulatory shock resuscitation. Individual requirements of nitroglycerin dose to improve peripheral circulation vary between patients. A simple and fast physical examination of peripheral circulation at the bedside can be used to titrate nitroglycerin infusion.
Taking It to the Streets: African Diasporic Public Ceremonial Culture Then and Now
Authors: Tancons Claire
Published: June 2014

From “Black Collectivities: A Conference,” held May 3–4, 2013, at Northwestern University’s Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, and the University of Chicago’s Arts Incubator. Bookended theoretically between a reassessment of the black radical tradition and a critique of mainstream performance art history, this article starts in Harlem before taking the reader on a sweeping journey that calls at Chicago and Houston and ends in New Orleans. A cursory introduction to African diasporic public ceremonial culture, the article looks to carnival and second-line parades, military marches and marching bands, funeral processions and civil rights movement demonstrations for historical antecedents and to Lorraine O’Grady and Shani Peters (three decades apart from each other), Cauleen Smith, Daniel Bernard Roumain, Sol Sax, and Rashaad Newsome for examples of the reemergence of these forms into contemporary artistic practices with inspiration in Caribbean and African American public performance tradition.
Adaptive evolution of testis-specific, recently evolved, clustered miRNAs inDrosophila
Authors: Mohammed Jaaved , Bortolamiol-Becet Diane , Flynt Alex S. , Gronau Ilan , Siepel Adam , Lai Eric C.
Published: June 2014

The propensity of animal miRNAs to regulate targets bearing modest complementarity, most notably via pairing with miRNA positions ∼2–8 (the “seed”), is believed to drive major aspects of miRNA evolution. First, minimal targeting requirements have allowed most conserved miRNAs to acquire large target cohorts, thus imposing strong selection on miRNAs to maintain their seed sequences. Second, the modest pairing needed for repression suggests that evolutionarily nascent miRNAs may generally induce net detrimental, rather than beneficial, regulatory effects. Hence, levels and activities of newly emerged miRNAs are expected to be limited to preserve the status quo of gene expression. In this study, we unexpectedly show thatDrosophilatestes specifically express a substantial miRNA population that contravenes these tenets. We find that multiple genomic clusters of testis-restricted miRNAs harbor recently evolved miRNAs, whose experimentally verified orthologs exhibit divergent sequences, even within seed regions. Moreover, this class of miRNAs exhibits higher expression and greater phenotypic capacities in transgenic misexpression assays than do non-testis-restricted miRNAs of similar evolutionary age. These observations suggest that these testis-restricted miRNAs may be evolving adaptively, and several methods of evolutionary analysis provide strong support for this notion. Consistent with this, proof-of-principle tests show that orthologous miRNAs with divergent seeds can distinguish target sensors in a species-cognate manner. Finally, we observe that testis-restricted miRNA clusters exhibit extraordinary dynamics of miRNA gene flux in otherDrosophilaspecies. Altogether, our findings reveal a surprising tissue-directed influence of miRNA evolution, involving a distinct mode of miRNA function connected to adaptive gene regulation in the testis.
The RNA binding domain of Pumilio antagonizes poly-adenosine binding protein and accelerates deadenylation
Authors: Weidmann Chase A. , Raynard Nathan A. , Blewett Nathan H. , Van Etten Jamie , Goldstrohm Aaron C.
Published: June 2014

PUF proteins are potent repressors that serve important roles in stem cell maintenance, neurological processes, and embryonic development. These functions are driven by PUF protein recognition of specific binding sites within the 3′ untranslated regions of target mRNAs. In this study, we investigated mechanisms of repression by the founding PUF, Drosophila Pumilio, and its human orthologs. Here, we evaluated a previously proposed model wherein the Pumilio RNA binding domain (RBD) binds Argonaute, which in turn blocks the translational activity of the eukaryotic elongation factor 1A. Surprisingly, we found that Argonautes are not necessary for repression elicited by Drosophila and human PUFs in vivo. A second model proposed that the RBD of Pumilio represses by recruiting deadenylases to shorten the mRNA's polyadenosine tail. Indeed, the RBD binds to the Pop2 deadenylase and accelerates deadenylation; however, this activity is not crucial for regulation. Rather, we determined that the poly(A) is necessary for repression by the RBD. Our results reveal that poly(A)-dependent repression by the RBD requires the poly(A) binding protein, pAbp. Furthermore, we show that repression by the human PUM2 RBD requires the pAbp ortholog, PABPC1. Pumilio associates with pAbp but does not disrupt binding of pAbp to the mRNA. Taken together, our data support a model wherein the Pumilio RBD antagonizes the ability of pAbp to promote translation. Thus, the conserved function of the PUF RBD is to bind specific mRNAs, antagonize pAbp function, and promote deadenylation.
Design for Value Co-Creation: Exploring Synergies Between Design for Service and Service Logic
Authors: Wetter-Edman Katarina , Sangiorgi Daniela , Edvardsson Bo , Holmlid Stefan , Grönroos Christian , Mattelmäki Tuuli
Published: June 2014

This paper aims to bridge recent work on Service Logic with practice and research in the Design for Service to explore whether and how human-centered collaborative design approaches could provide a source for interpreting existing service systems and proposing new ones and thus realize a Service Logic in organizations. A comparison is made of existing theoretical backgrounds and frameworks from Service Logic and Design for Service studies that conceptualize core concepts for value co-creation: actors, resources, resource integration, service systems, participation, context, and experience.

We find that Service Logic provides a framework for understanding service systems in action by focusing on how actors integrate resources to co-create value for themselves and others, whereas Design for Service provides an approach and tools to explore current service systems as a context to imagine future service systems and how innovation may develop as a result of reconfigurations of resources and actors. Design for Service also provides approaches, competences, and tools that enable involved actors to participate in and be a part of the service system redesign. Design for value co-creation is presented using this model.

The paper builds on and extends the Service Logic research first by repositioning service design from a phase of development to Design for Service as an approach to service innovation, centered on understanding and engaging with customers' own value-creating practices. Second, it builds on and extends through discussing the meaning of value co-creation and identifying and distinguishing collaborative approaches for the generation of new resource constellations. In doing so, the collaborative approaches allow for achieving value co-creation in designing.
Can simulated practice learning improve clinical competence?
Authors: Handley Ruth , Dodge Natalie
Published: June 2014

The area of simulation within education is fast developing, with many educational providers striving to keep up with current advances in technology. Evaluation of simulation learning appears overwhelmingly positive ( Moule et al, 2008 ; McCaughey and Traynor, 2010 ; Hope et al, 2011 ). However, when looking to generate financial support to develop simulation practices within education, little evidence exists regarding its impact within clinical practice. This paper details the findings of a scoping exercise undertaken to ascertain current simulation practice within nursing curricula, in order to identify good practices and a clear evidence-base for embedding and using simulation to enhance education and practice. The project found overwhelming support for simulated learning from students and facilitators. However, it was highlighted that no clear guidance or strategies were universally used to effectively incorporate simulation within curricula, nor to evaluate or audit its effect upon student competency within clinical practice. Further evidence to support the implementation of simulation within nurse education is therefore required to ensure effective implementation and transferability of learning into clinical care settings.
Choosing Tools: Nine Metaphors of Four-Dimensional Cartography
Authors: Gersmehl Phillip J.
Published: June 2014

Animated maps are now technically and economically feasible. Like other forms of cartography, map animation has some unique design considerations, which involve a variety of tradeoffs. Making these tradeoff decisions is easier if we acknowledge that different animation software packages seem to embody a number of different perspectives - a 'flipbook' style of animation, for example, is suited to different tasks than a 'stage-and-actor' or a 'model-and-camera' program. This paper contrasts nine different animation metaphors, with special attention to the degree to which a given tool allows a cartographer to make particular kinds of revisions.
Computer-aided Mapping for Facilities Management and Environmental Compliance A Case Study
Authors: Drigot Diane C. , Elliott Margaret E. , Glyn Karen L.
Published: June 2014

As staff and budgets shrink and environmental requirements grow, facilities managers face a critical need for more timely access to geographic-based information to achieve regulatory compliance. An integrated Geographic Information System (GIS) can successfully satisfy this need for a large municipality. But for managers at smaller facilities, a full-function GIS often exceeds what is needed and affordable. Such managers can derive similar benefits with minimal staff, budget, and equipment investments by developing a microcomputerbased system, using CAD/CAM software as a mapping package linked with third-party database management software. This paper describes how a military installation in Hawai'i successfully built such a system using AutoCAD and dBase III+.
Ethics and Map Design: Six Strategies for Confronting the Traditional One-Map Solution
Authors: Monmonier Mark
Published: June 2014

Traditional, positivist approaches to map design usually yield a single map. These one-map solutions foster a highly selective, authored view reflecting consciously manipulative or ill-conceived design decisions about many factors, such as map scale, geographic scope, feature content, map title, classification of data, and the crispness or fuzziness of symbols representing uncertain features. As a result, the rightfully skeptical map viewer ought to question whether (a) an ulterior motive led to a biased view of reality favoring the author's philosophical or political biases or economic goals, or (b) a lazy map author failed to explore designs offering a more coherent or complete picture of reality. Technology has aggravated the problem of one-map solutions by placing powerful mapping software at the disposal of amateur cartographers who can generate convincing-looking graphics with little or no understanding of their data or the principles of mapping. And technology also allows devious map makers to perfect designs that support their points. But technology can also foster greater openness and more complete understanding of maps and their meaning, and thereby provide a more ethical approach to cartographic analysis and communication. After discussing the problem of single cartographic views, I present six strategies for a more open and overtly critical cartography in which one-map solutions are both rare and suspect.
Visualizing Uncertain Information
Authors: MacEachren Alan M.
Published: June 2014

When a GIS is used to drive map-based visualization, exploration of potential relationships takes precedence over presentation of facts. In these early stages of scientific analysis or policy formulation, providing a way for analysts to assess uncertainty in the data they are exploring is critical to the perspectives they form and the approaches they decide to pursue. As a basis from which to develop methods for visualizing uncertain information, this paper addresses the difference between data quality and uncertainty, the application of Berlin's graphic variables to the representation of uncertainty, conceptual models of spatial uncertainty as they relate to kinds of cartographic symbolization, and categories of user interfaces suited to presenting data and uncertainty about that data. Also touched on is the issue of how we might evaluate our attempts to depict uncertain information on maps.
Creating Interactive Media on CD-ROM
Authors: Andrews Sona Karentz
Published: June 2014

The Department of Geography at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee is developing a research oriented, visual database of North American Indian maps on a CD-ROM. This project is funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, Division of Research Programs. The CD-ROM will contain maps, extensive descriptions, and catalog information about the maps. The digital maps and text will be linked through a hypermedia interface. This archival database is intended to function as a research tool for scholars studying the cartography, landscape perception, cognition, art, and history of Native Americans. This paper presents an overview of the project, a brief discussion of the technology used, sample images and data
Cartography on the Internet: Thoughts and a Preliminary User Survey
Authors: Harrower Mark , Keller C. Peter , Hocking Diana
Published: June 2014

Thjs paper reviews the design and delivery of maps through the Internet. The paper also reports on the finclings of a pilot study undertaken to solicit user reactions to a set of Internet maps, to test whether professional geographers and non-geographers judge Internet maps differently, and to identify key issues in cartography related to the Internet. The study concentrates on Internet maps for tourism and travel. The paper does not offer defirutive conclusions, but instead attempts to raise questions and methodological issues, and to stimulate debate.
Life After Lectures: The Internet as a Resource for a Senior Undergraduate GIS Course
Authors: Mersey Janet E.
Published: June 2014

This paper explores potential uses of resources available on the Internet to assist students with a course-related GIS project, and to prepare them for continuing involvement with GIS after the classroom. A homepage was constructed for a new fourth year Applied GIS course at the University of Guelph (http://www.css.uoguelph.ca/geojhome448a.html). The course homepage was designed to integrate information that students could use for their projects and, recognizing that many of the students were in their final semester at university, to investigate opportunities available after graduation. The students evaluated the homepage at the end of the course, and indicated that they found the Internet was an excellent way to become aware of the broader GIS community, and they particularly appreciated the recognition this course gave to their career goals.
Using Selective Attention Theory to Design Bivariate Point Symbols
Authors: Nelson Elisabeth S.
Published: June 2014

The research discussed in this paper applies the theory of selective attention to graphic variables used in designing map symbols. Selective attention contends that our ability to analyze a symbol’s graphic variables (i.e., color, size) is affected by other graphic variables present in the same symbol. Psychological research suggests that certain combinations of graphic variables can enhance or restrict selective attention. In this literature, variables are described as either separable (capable of being attended to independently of other dimensions), integral (cannot be processed without interference from other dimensions), or configural (shows characteristics of both integrality and separability and may also form new, emergent properties). For example, sometimes it may be desirable for a map user to focus individually on separate symbol dimensions when using a bivariate or multivariate map, whereas under other conditions it may be advantageous for him/her to integrate the graphic variables visually for interpretation. Without empirical evidence describing such interactions for various combinations of graphic variables, cartographers cannot truly evaluate the functionality of the symbols they use on maps. The research reported here is the result of the first of a set of four inter-related experiments. Combinations of graphic variables were examined in an abstract setting using a speeded-classification task. Response data and accuracy data were used to provide an initial assessment of the levels of integrality, separability and configurality of several graphic combinations. Findings from this study will be integrated into subsequent map-using experiments, the results of which will assist cartographers in the design of complex map symbols.
Creativity, Art and Cartography in Geographic Education
Authors: Trifonoff Karen M.
Published: June 2014

Elementary children can learn about maps, but what they do learn depends in large part on the background and training of the teacher. Teachers who engage in mapping activities often lack training in the technical aspects of map making, along with a lack of knowledge of the role of art, design, and creativity in the cartographic process. An activity designed to help elementary and middle school teachers integrate artistic perspectives and mapping is outlined. The workshop proved to be an effective vehicle for increasing teachers' knowledge of both map making and art and gave them an outline for a map making activity that could be adapted to any grade level.
Private Journeys on Public Maps: A Look at Inscribed Road Maps
Authors: Akerman James R.
Published: June 2014

The exchange of gestural and sketch maps remains one of the mostcommon uses of cartographic representation, despite the fact thatprinted maps—and now, their digital and broadcast counterparts—areall around us. Common sense supports this assertion, but precious littlehistorical scholarship has addressed the history or nature of ephemeral,informal, or private cartography in modern print cultures. This paperexamines twentieth-century American road maps and mapping practicesthat lie on the cusp between the manuscript and the printed, thepublic and the private. These practices prompt a reconsideration of theusefulness of these distinctions in the history of cartography and of thetraditional emphasis on the end-products of the cartographic processover the use, both public and private, of maps.
A View From On High: Heinrich Berann’s Panoramas and Landscape Visualization Techniques for the U.S. National Park Service
Authors: Patterson Tom
Published: June 2014

The late Heinrich Berann, from Austria, was generally regarded as the most accomplished panoramist of all time. During the decade before his retirement in 1994, Berann painted four panoramas for the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) that demonstrated his genius for landscape visualization. This paper examines the widely admired, but little understood, vocation of panorama making, with emphasis on Berann’s NPS pieces, concepts, and techniques. Explanation is offered about how the panorama for Denali National Park, Alaska, was planned, compiled, sketched, and painted—starting from a blank sheet of paper. Berann’s techniques for landscape manipulation are then analyzed, including his unorthodox habit of rotating mountains and widening valleys, and his unique interpretations of vertical exaggeration. His graphical special effects used for portraying realistic environments are reviewed. The paper finishes with illustrations that compare Berann’s panoramas to digitallygenerated landscapes.
The Map Library’s Future
Authors: Keller C. Peter
Published: June 2014

The status quo of map libraries is challenged by the digital informationrevolution. Map libraries must strategize and act to make the transition into the virtual world. What are the issue to think about and how to proceed?
Feeling It Out: The Use of Haptic Visualization for Exploratory Geographic Analysis
Authors: Griffin Amy L.
Published: June 2014

Visualization is often defined as the act or process of making something visible. MacEachren and Ganter (1990) have argued for an expanded definition of cartographic visualization that emphasizes the role of the map-reader’s cognitive processes and schemata when creating visual representations. Cartographic visualization in this sense requires both the designer and the user to structure information and identify salient patterns. Processes of pattern identification and structuring are what help to provide insight in exploratory analysis. Pattern identification and information structuring need not, however, be limited to the visual realm. The use of haptic (both tactual and kinesthetic) information for representing geographic phenomena has been given limited attention as a method for exploring data, due to the difficulty of implementing such methods. However, advances in virtual reality technologies may soon make it possible to implement these variables in a system that creates exploratory geographic virtual environments. This paper explores those haptic variables that might be used to create such representations, and develops a haptic variable syntax for the representation of geographic information based on a logical analysis of the physiological properties of haptic sensation.
Earle Birney’s “Mappemounde”: Visualizing Poetry With Maps
Authors: Haft Adele J.
Published: June 2014

This paper is about “Mappemounde,” a beautiful but difficult poem composed in 1945 by the esteemed Canadian poet Earle Birney. While exploring the reasons for its composition, we examine the poem’s debts to Old and Middle English poetry as well as to medieval world maps known as mappaemundi, especially those made in England prior to 1400. But Birney took only so much from these maps. In search of more elusive inspirations, both cartographic and otherwise, we uncover other sources: Anglo-Saxon poems never before associated with “Mappemounde,” maps from the Age of Discovery and beyond, concealed details of Birney’s personal life. Then we trace Birney’s long-standing interest in geography and exploration to show how he used maps, especially mappaemundi, as visual metaphors for his intellectual, spiritual, and personal life.
State Atlas Design
Authors: Meacham James E. , Allan Stuart
Published: June 2014

This paper covers principles that were useful, and many times essential, in the design and production of the Atlas of Oregon, Second Edition (Loy et al., 2001). Design principles and experience guided the creative process from drafting the table of contents to building the final layouts. Key points covered in this paper include: the development of a table of contents; setting up a network of topic experts; data source/compilation and organizational issues; page layout issues; book design issues; choosing type; data classing and quantitative mapping methods; color schemes; prepress issues; and public reaction.
Indigenous Hawaiian Cartographer: In Search Of Common Ground
Authors: Louis Renee Pualani
Published: June 2014

Maps, and the ability to spatially organize the place we live, are basic necessities of human survival and may very well be “one of the oldest forms of human communication”. Whether they are derived from scientific or mythological impetus, maps do the same thing – they tell stories of the relationships between people and their places of importance. Every map is a blending of experience, theoretical concepts, and technical craftsmanship; “constructions of reality”; representations of the environment as seen by the societies that create them. The way people experience their environment and express their relationship with it is directly linked to their epistemology, which in turn indicates how knowledge is processed and used. Indigenous and Western science share many similar characteristics, yet are distinctly different in ways that affect how geographical information is communicated. Hawaiian cartography is an “incorporating culture” that privileges processes such as mo‘olelo (stories), oli (chant), ‘ölelo no‘eau (proverbs), hula (dance), mele (song) and mo‘o kü ‘auhau (genealogy). This article describes and defines Hawaiian cartography, identifies the internal struggles an academic Indigenous Hawaiian cartographer shares with other Indigenous scholars attempting to negotiate different epistemologies, and presents three autoethnographic Hawaiian cartographic projects that are necessary steps in resolving the differences between Western and Indigenous epistemologies.
The Cartographic Heritage of the Lakota Sioux
Authors: Rice-Rollins Julie A.
Published: June 2014

This article serves as an introduction to traditional cartographic tools and techniques of the Lakota Sioux people of the northern Great Plains. The study reveals that the Lakota created maps and utilized other cartographic tools that, while not following a western system of coordinates, grids, and scales, were nonetheless accurate instruments for navigation to important routes, landmarks, hunting grounds, and sacred sites. The tools and techniques utilized included oral transmission of cartographic data, stories and songs in the oral tradition, stellar cartography, hide maps, petroglyphs, earth scratchings, and various other physical and spiritual markers.
Elements of Cartography: Tracing Fifty Years of Academic Cartography
Authors: Tyner Judith A.
Published: June 2014

When Arthur Robinson published the first edition of Elements of Cartography in 1953, it marked a major change in academic cartography. Erwin Raisz’s General Cartography, first published in 1938 and revised in 1948, had been the standard text. Robinson’s book represented the metamorphosis in cartography after WWII and set the standard for the second half of the twentieth century. A review of the book’s contents through its 6 editions reveals the prevalent thinking in cartography during a dynamic period in the history of cartography. Through it we can trace changes from hand-drawn maps to the rise of GIS and remote sensing. Although Elements is no longer the major textbook, its impact was enormous. This paper traces the history of late twentieth century cartography through the pages of Elements of Cartography. A content analysis of all six editions of Elements of Cartography was done to determine the emphasis on various aspects of cartography. An analysis of Erwin Raisz’s two editions of General Cartography was also included in order to note the changes in content and philosophy from pre-war to post-war cartography.