bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of PMMA Impact Based on the J–C Constitutive and Damage Models under Hydrostatic Pressure Loading
Authors: Du Qinghai , Liu Fengyou , Lei Qi
Published: July 2023

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer is widely used in various fields today. In order to reveal the structural impact performance of PMMA materials in underwater engineering thoroughly, this paper firstly proposed a simplified plate model for a spherical shell hull under concentrative impact loading. Then, to simulate the hyper-elastic material properties of PMMA in the impact process, the Johnson–Cook constitutive model and damage failure model were adopted. And the least squares method was used to confirm accurately the J–C constitutive and damage failure model parameters of PMMA through material test data. Moreover, the dynamic process of the steel bullet impacting the PMMA plate structure was analyzed by the finite element software ABAQUS. The calculation results show that the numerical simulation results in this paper have a good convergence, and the residual velocities at different initial velocities and thicknesses of plates are in good agreement with the experimental test data. Therefore, the feasibility and accuracy of the impact analysis of PMMA structures based on J–C constitutive and damage failure models in this paper are verified accordingly. Finally, based on the presented finite element model, the structure response and the variation of residual velocity of the bullet with the PMMA plate thickness was analyzed in depth; that is, the results show that the residual velocity of the bullet has a certain linear relationship with the thickness, even in an underwater environment, and even in an underwater environment will increase both with a thicker structure or a higher pressure.
Cereals and Fruits as Effective Delivery Vehicles of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus through Gastrointestinal Transit
Authors: Nelios Grigorios , Prapa Ioanna , Nikolaou Anastasios , Mitropoulou Gregoria , Yanni Amalia E. , Kostomitsopoulos Nikolaos , Kourkoutas Yiannis
Published: July 2023

The viability of probiotic cells during their transit through the degradative conditions of the gastrointestinal tract is considered an essential prerequisite for their effectiveness. To enhance the survival of probiotics, cell immobilization has been proposed as a promising strategy, creating a protective microenvironment. In the present study, the viability of immobilized Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus OLXAL-1 cells on cereals and fruits was investigated in comparison to free cells, applying both an in vitro static digestion and an in vivo mouse model. During the in vitro digestion, the survival rates of all immobilized L. rhamnosus OLXAL-1 cultures were higher compared to free cells, with the highest survival rate recorded in oat flakes (84.76%). In a subsequent step, following the administration of both immobilized and free cells to BALB/c mice, a significant increase in lactobacilli populations was observed in the mice feces compared to baseline. Notably, the group receiving the immobilized cells exhibited significantly higher lactobacilli counts compared to the group fed with free cells (8.02 log CFU/g and 7.64 log CFU/g, respectively). Finally, the presence of L. rhamnosus cells at levels > 6 log CFU/g was verified in the mice feces in both groups through multiplex PCR analysis.
Typical = Random
Authors: Landsman Klaas
Published: July 2023

This expository paper advocates an approach to physics in which “typicality” is identified with a suitable form of algorithmic randomness. To this end various theorems from mathematics and physics are reviewed. Their original versions state that some property Φ(x) holds for P-almost all x∈X, where P is a probability measure on some space X. Their more refined (and typically more recent) formulations show that Φ(x) holds for all P-random x∈X. The computational notion of P-randomness used here generalizes the one introduced by Martin-Löf in 1966 in a way now standard in algorithmic randomness. Examples come from probability theory, analysis, dynamical systems/ergodic theory, statistical mechanics, and quantum mechanics (especially hidden variable theories). An underlying philosophical theme, inherited from von Mises and Kolmogorov, is the interplay between probability and randomness, especially: which comes first?
CSF-Glioma: A Causal Segmentation Framework for Accurate Grading and Subregion Identification of Gliomas
Authors: Zheng Yao , Huang Dong , Feng Yuefei , Hao Xiaoshuo , He Yutao , Liu Yang
Published: July 2023

Deep networks have shown strong performance in glioma grading; however, interpreting their decisions remains challenging due to glioma heterogeneity. To address these challenges, the proposed solution is the Causal Segmentation Framework (CSF). This framework aims to accurately predict high- and low-grade gliomas while simultaneously highlighting key subregions. Our framework utilizes a shrinkage segmentation method to identify subregions containing essential decision information. Moreover, we introduce a glioma grading module that combines deep learning and traditional approaches for precise grading. Our proposed model achieves the best performance among all models, with an AUC of 96.14%, an F1 score of 93.74%, an accuracy of 91.04%, a sensitivity of 91.83%, and a specificity of 88.88%. Additionally, our model exhibits efficient resource utilization, completing predictions within 2.31s and occupying only 0.12 GB of memory during the test phase. Furthermore, our approach provides clear and specific visualizations of key subregions, surpassing other methods in terms of interpretability. In conclusion, the Causal Segmentation Framework (CSF) demonstrates its effectiveness at accurately predicting glioma grades and identifying key subregions. The inclusion of causality in the CSF model enhances the reliability and accuracy of preoperative decision-making for gliomas. The interpretable results provided by the CSF model can assist clinicians in their assessment and treatment planning.
Changing Responses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison of Psychological Wellbeing and Work-Related Quality of Life of UK Health and Social Care Workers
Authors: Neill Ruth D. , McFadden Paula , Manthorpe Jill , Mallett John , Currie Denise , Schroder Heike , Ravalier Jermaine , Nicholl Patricia , Moriarty John , McGrory Susan , Naylor Rachel , Davies Hannah , MacLochlainn Justin
Published: July 2023

Aim: to explore the psychological wellbeing and work-related quality of life amongst United Kingdom (UK) health and social care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subject and methods: Health and social care professionals within nursing, midwifery, allied health professions, social care and social work occupations working in the UK during the pandemic were recruited. Repeated cross-sectional online surveys were conducted during six time periods of the pandemic (May–July 2020, November–February 2021, May–July 2021, November 2021–February 2022, May–July 2022 and November 2022–February 2023). Results: Over 14,000 participants completed the surveys during the data collection periods. The findings revealed that over the pandemic, psychological wellbeing and work-related quality of life scores significantly decreased. Conclusions: The overall psychological wellbeing and work-related quality of life of health and social care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly declined. Further research is warranted on the lasting impact of the pandemic on this workforce. The health and social care workforce needs support to prevent further deterioration and to rebuild its wellbeing and resilience.
The Value of White Cell Inflammatory Biomarkers as Potential Predictors for Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
Authors: Dascalu Ana Maria , Serban Dragos , Tanasescu Denisa , Vancea Geta , Cristea Bogdan Mihai , Stana Daniela , Nicolae Vanessa Andrada , Serboiu Crenguta , Tribus Laura Carina , Tudor Corneliu , Georgescu Adriana , Tudosie Mihail Silviu , Costea Daniel Ovidiu , Bratu Dan Georgian
Published: July 2023

The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is still challenging, with recent evidence proving the key role of inflammation in the damage of the retinal neurovascular unit. This study aims to investigate the predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and systemic inflammation index (SII) for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its severity. We performed a retrospective study on 129 T2DM patients, divided into three groups: without retinopathy (NDR), non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR). NLR, MLR, and SII were significantly higher in the PDR group when compared to NDR and NPDR (3.2 ± 1.6 vs. 2.4 ± 0.9 and 2.4 ± 1.1; p = 0.005; 0.376 ± 0.216 vs. 0.269 ± 0.083 and 0.275 ± 0.111, p = 0.001; 754.4 ± 514.4 vs. 551.5 ± 215.1 and 560.3 ± 248.6, p = 0.013, respectively). PDR was correlated with serum creatinine (OR: 2.551), NLR (OR: 1.645), MPV (OR: 1.41), and duration of diabetes (OR: 1.301). Logistic regression analysis identified three predictive models with very good discrimination power for PDR (AUC ROC of 0.803, 0.809, and 0.830, respectively): combining duration of diabetes with NLR, MLR, and, respectively, PLR, MPV, and serum creatinine. NLR, MPV, SII, and LMR were associated with PDR and could be useful when integrated into comprehensive risk prediction models.
Steatotic Liver Disease: Metabolic Dysfunction, Alcohol, or Both?
Authors: Staufer Katharina , Stauber Rudolf E.
Published: July 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), both of them accounting for fatty liver disease (FLD), are among the most common chronic liver diseases globally, contributing to substantial public health burden. Both NAFLD and ALD share a similar picture of clinical presentation yet may have differences in prognosis and treatment, which renders early and accurate diagnosis difficult but necessary. While NAFLD is the fastest increasing chronic liver disease, the prevalence of ALD has seemingly remained stable in recent years. Lately, the term steatotic liver disease (SLD) has been introduced, replacing FLD to reduce stigma. SLD represents an overarching term to primarily comprise metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as well as alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), and MetALD, defined as a continuum across which the contribution of MASLD and ALD varies. The present review discusses current knowledge on common denominators of NAFLD/MASLD and ALD in order to highlight clinical and research needs to improve our understanding of SLD.
Effect of Vitamin D3 on Depressive Behaviors of Rats Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress
Authors: Al-Ramadhan Fatimah R. , Abulmeaty Mahmoud M. A. , Alquraishi Mohammed , Razak Suhail , Alhussain Maha H.
Published: July 2023

Depression is a psychiatric disorder that negatively affects how a person feels, thinks, and acts. Several studies have reported a positive association between vitamin D (VD) deficiency and depression. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effects of intraperitoneal injection of VD3, fluoxetine (antidepressant), and a combination of VD3 + fluoxetine on a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). A total of 40 male Wistar rats (224–296 g) were divided into five groups (n = 8 each) as follows: (1) the control group, (2) the CUMS group, (3) the CUMS group that received vitamin D (10 μg/kg), (4) the CUMS group that received fluoxetine (5 mg/kg), and (5) the CUMS group that received both vitamin D (10 μg/kg) and fluoxetine (5 mg/kg). The CUMS model was produced by exposing rats to frequent social and physical stressors for 21 days. In addition, blood samples were collected to determine corticosterone and serum VD levels. Also, behavioral tests were conducted, including the sucrose preference test (SPT), the forced swimming test (FST), the tail suspension test (TST), the open field test (OFT), and the elevated plus maze test (EPM). Our results show that VD3 had effects similar to fluoxetine on the depressive behavior of the rats when measured by three behavioral tests, namely SPT, FST, and OFT (p < 0.001). Additionally, VD3 had a protective effect against depression similar to that of fluoxetine. Corticosterone levels were lower in the CUMS group that received vitamin D and the CUMS group that received both vitamin D and fluoxetine than in the CUMS group (p < 0.000). In conclusion, VD3 has a protective effect against anxiety and depressive behaviors produced by CUMS in rats.
Experimental Investigation of the CFS-PU Composite Wall Panel under Axial Compression
Authors: Bakran Antonio , Krolo Paulina , Lukačević Lazar , Palijan Ivan
Published: July 2023

This study presents an innovative design for a cold-formed steel polyurethane (CFS-PU) composite wall panel, combining a cold-formed steel frame, a polyurethane foam infill, and a gypsum fibreboard sheathing. The foam filling process, in which the foam is injected under pressure, ensures uniform distribution, bonding, and interaction of all panel components. The aim of the study is to evaluate the behaviour of the CFS-PU composite panels and the influence of the PU foam and sheathing on the performance of the CFS frame structure. For this purpose, a comprehensive test programme was conducted with nine full-scale specimens, including four CFS-F specimens without infill and sheathing and five CFS-PU specimens with infill and sheathing on both sides. The study examined various aspects of the specimens, including failure modes, stability, stiffness, load-bearing capacity, and ductility index. By analysing these parameters, valuable insights were gained into the performance characteristics of the composite wall panels. The load-bearing capacity of the CFS-PU test specimens was improved by 2.34 times and the stiffness by 1.47 times compared to the CFS-F test specimens. The positive results highlight the potential of foam and sheathing in improving the axial compression performance of CFS walls.
Does Digitalization Supports Project Management Effectiveness? New Insight on the Role of Intellectual Capital
Authors: Bugarčić Marijana , Slavković Marko
Published: July 2023

The challenges of the fourth industrial revolution faced by project managers are not only related to continuous adaptation to new technologies and the application of the optimal technical solution within each project but also imply the implementation of systemic changes in project management practice. There is no clear evidence in the literature about project management effectiveness in the digital economy or readiness for digital transformation in project-oriented organizations. The purpose of this paper is to identify the influence of intellectual capital components on project management effectiveness in the context of changes that are stimulated by digitalization, as well as the indirect impact of the company’s readiness for digital transformation. Using 147 fully matched pairs of questionnaires collected from project managers and end-users of construction projects, it is proven that digital transformation readiness is relevant as a mediator and moderator between intellectual capital components and project management effectiveness. The contribution of this research is reflected in highlighting the importance of assessing project management effectiveness in order to assure project success. The digital transformation readiness of project-oriented organizations is an important element for increasing project team motivation, building trust, and developing effective communication channels.
Residual Properties of Fibre Grids Embedded in Cementitious Matrices after Exposure to Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Yang Pengliang , Krevaikas Theofanis
Published: July 2023

The use of fabrics in the form of grids embedded in cementitious matrices—usually termed as textile-reinforced mortar, fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix, or textile-reinforced concrete—demonstrate a more stable performance in elevated temperature conditions compared with fiber-reinforced polymers. This study investigated the residual tensile properties of bare yarns and fabrics in the form of grids embedded in a cementitious mortar after exposure to 100 °C, 200 °C, and 300 °C. Three different coated fabric textiles were used as reinforcement: carbon, basalt, and glass. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermos-gravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted to evaluate potential changes in the internal structure of the fibers and the mortar. The cracking stress, the tensile strength, and the ultimate strain of the composite specimens were increased after exposure to 100 °C, while only carbon and glass fiber grids retained their effectiveness up to 200 °C. At 300 °C, the coupons reinforced with carbon and basalt fibers deteriorated rapidly. Only the glass counterparts showed an improved overall performance due to fiber contraction and the differences in the coating material. The results highlight the differences in the performance of the three fiber types and the important role of the coating material in the overall composite behavior.
A Facility’s Energy Demand Analysis for Different Building Functions
Authors: Bodó Béla , Béni Emese , Szabó Gábor L.
Published: July 2023

A more accurate determination of energy demands for buildings is of utmost importance for estimating future energy demands. This article presents two novel ideas that have the potential to contribute to a more precise determination of expected energy demands. The first idea involves accounting for a building’s function more thoroughly, which enables the determination of different energy demands for two or more identical buildings, depending on their respective usage functions. According to a case study, the heating energy demand can be up to twice as high in a commercial facility compared with a residential building. Similarly, the cooling energy requirement can also differ. The second idea concerns determining the heating degree day (HDD) and cooling degree day (CDD) values from the daily minimum and maximum temperatures. This idea may be relevant when few instantaneous values are available for the daily mean temperature. According to the case study, the calculated values from the daily minimum and maximum temperatures follow the HDD and CDD values specified from the daily mean temperature. However, the difference is less than 2% for the heating season and higher for the cooling season. Therefore, further research is required to refine the constants in the cooling equation.
The Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Urban Sustainability Based on the SDGs in Yangtze River Delta, China
Authors: Fang Xue , Shi Xinyu , Phillips Tyson Keen , Du Peng , Gao Weijun
Published: July 2023

At present, most developing countries need to improve the quality of the built environment by means of large-scale infrastructure construction, thereby promoting rapid urbanization. The quality of the built environment (QU) and its environmental pressure (PU) have become our primary focus to achieve a globally acknowledged vision of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this study, we proposed an overall workflow by combining the proven urban sustainability (SU) assessment tool with the evaluation process and the analysis of the spatiotemporal dimension to investigate the urban characteristics of the 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta. Our results showed an upward trend of urban sustainability from 2010 to 2018, but there are still 19 cities with unsustainable urbanization processes. The megalopolis is rapidly progressing toward an imbalanced state. Specifically, the urban sustainability of the southern region performs better than the northern region, coastal cities perform better than the inland cities, and the regional peripheral cities perform better than the inner cities. Across the 41 cities in the delta, five different relational trends between QU and PU have been found to predict their future development. The results of this research will help decision-makers to coordinate the future development of regional integration between cities and to target the alleviation of the adverse chain reaction brought about by the situation of imbalance or further improving urban sustainability.
The Influence of Potassium Promotion on the Structural Properties of Cobalt Molybdenum Nitrides in Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Adamski Paweł , Czerwonko Wojciech , Albrecht Aleksander , Moszyński Dariusz
Published: July 2023

Cobalt molybdenum nitrides are one of the most promising ammonia-synthesis catalysts of the future. However, the selection of the optimal promoter composition is a challenging task. In this paper, the structure–property relationship of ternary cobalt molybdenum nitrides as ammonia synthesis catalysts promoted with potassium was studied. A series of catalysts containing 0.2–3.5 wt% potassium was analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction, volumetric gas adsorption, and activity tests in ammonia synthesis. The catalysts were subjected to thermal aging in the same catalytical reactor. The influence of the potassium promoter on the thermostability was determined. The observed loss of activity in catalysts with a high potassium content was related to the concentration of Co2Mo3N and Co3Mo3N phases, the mean crystallite sizes, the specific surface area, and the pore size distribution.
Conoidin A, a Covalent Inhibitor of Peroxiredoxin 2, Reduces Growth of Glioblastoma Cells by Triggering ROS Production
Authors: Szeliga Monika , Rola Radosław
Published: July 2023

Compounds that cause oxidative stress have recently gained considerable interest as potential anticancer treatment modalities. Nevertheless, their efficiency may be diminished by the antioxidant systems often upregulated in cancer cells. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are antioxidant enzymes that scavenge peroxides and contribute to redox homeostasis. They play a role in carcinogenesis and are upregulated in several cancer types. Here, we assessed the expression pattern of PRDX1 and PRDX2 in glioblastoma (GBM) and examined the efficacy of their inhibitors in GBM cell lines and patient-derived GBM cells. Both PRDX1 and PRDX2 were upregulated in GBM compared to non-tumor brain tissues and their considerable amounts were observed in GBM cells. Adenanthin, a compound inhibiting PRDX1 activity, slightly decreased GBM cell viability, while conoidin A (CONA), a covalent PRDX2 inhibitor, displayed high toxicity in GBM cells. CONA elevated the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Pre-treatment with an ROS scavenger protected cells from CONA-induced death, indicating that ROS accumulation plays a crucial role in this phenomenon. Menadione or celecoxib, both of which are ROS-inducing agents, potentiated the anticancer activity of CONA. Collectively, our results unveil PRDX1 and PRDX2 as potential targets for GBM therapy, and substantiate the further exploration of their inhibitors.
IRE1a-Induced FilaminA Phosphorylation Enhances Migration of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Da Ros Francesco , Kowal Kinga , Vicinanza Carla , Lombardi Elisabetta , Agostini Francesco , Ciancia Rosanna , Rupolo Maurizio , Durante Cristina , Michieli Mariagrazia , Mazzucato Mario
Published: July 2023

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an aggressive malignancy that shapes, during its progression, a pro-tumor microenvironment characterized by altered protein secretion and the gene expression of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In turn, MSCs from MM patients can exert an high pro-tumor activity and play a strong immunosuppressive role. Here, we show, for the first time, greater cell mobility paralleled by the activation of FilaminA (FLNA) in MM-derived MSCs, when compared to healthy donor (HD)-derived MSCs. Moreover, we suggest the possible involvement of the IRE1a-FLNA axis in the control of the MSC migration process. In this way, IRE1a can be considered as a good target candidate for MM therapy, considering its pro-survival, pro-osteoclast and chemoresistance role in the MM microenvironment. Our results suggest that IRE1a downregulation could also interfere with the response of MSCs to MM stimuli, possibly preventing cell–cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance. In addition, further investigations harnessing IRE1a-FLNA interaction could improve the homing efficiency of MSC as cell product for advanced therapy applications.
Aging-Related Accumulation of Truncated Oxidized Phospholipids Augments Infectious Lung Injury and Endothelial Dysfunction via Cluster of Differentiation 36-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Ke Yunbo , Karki Pratap , Li Yue , Promnares Kamoltip , Zhang Chen-Ou , Eggerman Thomas L. , Bocharov Alexander V. , Birukova Anna A. , Birukov Konstantin G.
Published: July 2023

Truncated phospholipid oxidation products (Tr-OxPL) increase in blood circulation with aging; however, their role in the severity of vascular dysfunction and bacterial lung injury in aging groups remains poorly understood. We investigated the effects of six Tr-OxPL species: KOdiA-PC, POVPC, PONPC, PGPC, Paz-PC, and Lyso-PC on endothelial dysfunction and lung inflammation caused by heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (HKSA) in young (aged 2–4 months) and old (aged 12–18 months) mice, organotypic culture of precisely cut lung slices, and endothelial cells (mLEC) isolated from young and old mice. HKSA and Tr-OxPL combination caused a higher degree of vascular leak, the accumulation of inflammatory cells and protein in bronchoalveolar lavage, and inflammatory gene expression in old mice lungs. HKSA caused a greater magnitude of inflammatory gene activation in cell and ex vivo cultures from old mice, which was further augmented by Tr-OxPLs. L37pA peptide targeting CD36 receptor attenuated Tr-OxPL-induced endothelial cell permeability in young and old mLEC and ameliorated KOdiA-PC-induced vascular leak and lung inflammation in vivo. Finally, CD36 knockout mice showed better resistance to KOdiA-PC-induced lung injury in both age groups. These results demonstrate the aging-dependent vulnerability of pulmonary vasculature to elevated Tr-OxPL, which exacerbates bacterial lung injury. CD36 inhibition is a promising therapeutic approach for improving pneumonia outcomes in aging population.
Intratumoral PD1+CD38+Tim3+ CD8+ T Cells in Pre-BCG Tumor Tissues Are Associated with Poor Responsiveness to BCG Immunotherapy in Patients with Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Basak Debashree , Mondal Soumya , Srivastava Swadeep Kumar , Sarkar Deborpita , Sarkar Ishita , Basu Sukanya , Bhoumik Arpita , Chowdhury Snehanshu , Pal Dilip Kumar , Chatterjee Shilpak
Published: July 2023

Intravesical immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) is a standard of care therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), which accounts for about 75% of newly diagnosed urothelial cancer. However, given the frequent recurrence and progression, identification of a pre-treatment biomarker capable of predicting responsiveness to BCG in NMIBC is of utmost importance. Herein, using multiparametric flow cytometry, we characterized CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood and tumor tissues collected from 27 pre-BCG patients bearing NMIBC to obtain immune correlates of bladder cancer prognosis and responsiveness to BCG therapy. We observed that intratumoral CD8+ T cell subsets were highly heterogenous in terms of their differentiation state and exist at different proportions in tumor tissues. Remarkably, among the different CD8+ T cell subsets present in the tumor tissues, the frequency of the terminally exhausted-like CD8+ T cell subset, marked as PD1+CD38+Tim3+ CD8+ T cells, was inversely correlated with a favorable outcome for patients and a responsiveness to BCG therapy. Moreover, we also noted that the intratumoral abundance of the progenitor exhausted-like PD1+CD8+ T cell subset in pre-BCG NMIBC tumor tissues was indicative of better recurrence-free survival after BCG. Collectively, our study led to the identification of biomarkers that can predict the therapeutic responsiveness of BCG in NMIBC.
Exploiting the Advantages of Ag/ITO/Enzyme Trapped Gel Layers to Develop a Highly Sensitive and Selective Fiber Optic Plasmonic Urea Sensor
Authors: Sharma Sonika , Mishra Satyendra K.
Published: July 2023

The fabrication and characterization of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based urea biosensor, with thin silver (Ag), ITO (In2O3: SnO2), and enzyme-trapped gel over an unclad portion of plastic-clad silica fiber as a sensing element, is represented. The working principle is to identify changes in the refractive index of the enzyme (urease) entrapped gel layer following the interaction with the incoming analyte. This interaction causes swelling and shrinkage of the gel layer, which alters the effective refractive index of the sensing layer. The wavelength interrogation method is used, and the optimized sensor probe is characterized by urea samples having different pH values. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the uniformity of the silver layer over the unclad core of the fiber. The sensor operates from 0 to 160 mM of urea concentrations to cover the physiological concentration range of blood urea normally present in the human body. The sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) offered by the sensor are marked 0.59387 nm/mM near zero concentration of the urea sample and 0.56 mM, respectively, along with the provisions of high stability, remote sensing, and online monitoring of urea. The proposed sensor has proven to be one of a kind due to its fast response time.
Adolescents’ Online Connections with Friends during COVID-19: An Assessment of the Forms of Communication and Their Association with Emotional Adjustment
Authors: Spiekerman Allie M. , Guo Yue , Payton Jessica , Campione-Barr Nicole , Killoren Sarah E. , Rote Wendy M. , Rose Amanda J.
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent stay-at-home orders limited adolescents’ ability to connect with friends in person, leading adolescents to rely on digital forms of communication to interact with friends. The present study (N = 168 adolescents ages 11–20, 51.40% female) examined the types of digital communication adolescents used to connect with friends during the pandemic stay-at-home orders and how each form of digital communication related to adolescents’ emotional adjustment. The results showed texting to be the most common way adolescents connected with friends. Boys were more likely than girls to talk with friends through social gaming. Synchronous forms of communication (i.e., texting, video calls, and social gaming) were associated with reduced loneliness and depressive symptoms and higher flourishing. Connecting with friends by posting or responding on social media was not associated with adolescent well-being. These results suggest that forms of digital communication that allowed adolescents to talk with friends in real time were particularly important for adolescents’ emotional well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design of a Collaborative Knowledge Framework for Personalised Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Treatments
Authors: Chatpreecha Pornsiri , Usanavasin Sasiporn
Published: July 2023

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. From the data collected by the Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, it has been reported that more than one million Thai youths (6–12 years) have been diagnosed with ADHD (2012–2018) This disorder is more likely to occur in males (12%) than females (4.2%). If ADHD goes untreated, there might be problems for individuals in the long run. This research aims to design a collaborative knowledge framework for personalised ADHD treatment recommendations. The first objective is to design a framework and develop a screening tool for doctors, parents, and teachers for observing and recording behavioural symptoms in ADHD children. This screening tool is a combination of doctor-verified criteria and the ADHD standardised screening tool (Vanderbilt). The second objective is to introduce practical algorithms for classifying ADHD types and recommending appropriate individual behavioural therapies and activities. We applied and compared four well-known machine-learning methods for classifying ADHD types. The four algorithms include Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes, neural network, and k-nearest neighbour. Based on this experiment, the Decision Tree algorithm yielded the highest average accuracy, which was 99.60%, with F1 scores equal to or greater than 97% for classifying each type of ADHD.
On the Asymmetry in Photo-Induced Motion of Graphene-Oxide Paper
Authors: Castagna Riccardo , Riminesi Cristiano , Di Donato Andrea , Castaldo Rachele , Avolio Roberto , Montalto Luigi , Vita Francesco , Francescangeli Oriano , Lucchetta Daniele Eugenio
Published: July 2023

We report on the photo-mobility properties of a free standing large area graphene oxide (GO) paper (GOP). The thickness of the film is ≈20 μm. GOP is made by drop casting an aqueous suspension of GO on a microscope glass slide placed on a hot plate kept at the temperature of 70 °C. The film is peeled-off from the glass substrate and irradiated under different coherent and incoherent light sources. The film bends up to ≈55° when the irradiation is made using a near infra-red (NIR) incoherent incandescent lamp and returns back to the initial position when the NIR lamp is switched-off. The bending mechanism is attributed to the asymmetry of the GOP film obtained during the film formation process. We characterize the film morphology and structure using a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements, respectively. Remarkable differences between the two surfaces of the GOP are evidenced, both on a macroscopic length scale (surface roughness) and on a microscopic one (GO interlayer distance). This asymmetry results in different (negative) thermal expansion coefficients for the two film surfaces and hence in the bending of the film when the film temperature is increased by light absorption.
Synthesis, Crystal Growth, and Computational Investigation of New Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives Potent against Molecule Nitric Oxide Synthases
Authors: El Bakri Youness , Mohamed Shaaban K. , Ahsin Atazaz , Karthikeyan Subramani , Abuelhassan Suzan , Abdel-Rahman Abdu E. , Marae Islam S. , Bakhite Etify A. , Mague Joel T. , Al-Salahi Rashad
Published: July 2023

In the present work, we describe the synthesis of new tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives and the crystal structures of two of them. Density functional theory (DFT) investigations at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level provided their structural reactivity and nonlinear optical properties. The low HOMO-LUMO gaps (EH-L) suggest a soft nature and higher reactivity, while calculated global reactivity descriptors provide assessments of their reactivity and electronic stability. The calculated natural bonding molecular orbital (NBO) charges show excellent charge separation (charge transfer) and identify the donor and acceptor parts of the molecules. Density of states (DOS) analyses show the newly generated energy states and reduced band gaps, which impart higher conductive properties. For surface reactivity, 3D MESP surfaces are plotted and show electron-rich sites near the nitrogen atoms of the tetrahydroisoquinoline rings. Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the crystals are predicted from calculated polarizability (αo) and hyperpolarizability (βo) values. For IVb, the αo and βo values are 415.53 and 1003.44 au. The remarkable value (1003.44 au) of the hyperpolarizability (βo) shows IVb has excellent NLO properties. Structural activity relationship analysis suggests that nitric oxide synthases are better targets for both compounds, and they were further subjected to molecular docking simulations to understand the binding efficiency. In addition, ADMET analyses were carried out to understand the potential activity of the molecules as drug candidates.
Primary Pulmonary Carcinomas with Spindle and/or Giant Cell Features: A Review with Emphasis in Classification and Pitfalls in Diagnosis
Authors: Moran Cesar A.
Published: July 2023

Primary carcinomas of the lung are vastly represented by the conventional types of adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas. However, there are other types of non-small cell carcinomas that although uncommon represent a meaningful group that often pose a problem not only in diagnosis but also in classification. Spindle cell and/or giant cell carcinomas, although uncommon represent an important group of primary lung carcinomas. Important to highlight is that current criteria are rather ambiguous and likely not up to date, which renders the classification of these tumors somewhat more obscure. In addition, with the daily use of immunohistochemical stains, the classification of these tumors may also pose a different problem in the proper allocation of these tumors. Proper classification is highly important in the selection process that takes place using such material for molecular analysis. The current molecular characteristics of these tumors are limited and lack more in-depth studies and analyses that can provide specific targets for the treatment of patients with these tumors. The current review attempts to highlight the shortcomings in the current classification and definitions of these neoplasms as well as the more current view regarding these tumors when the use of immunohistochemical stains is employed.
The Role of Technology in Undergraduate Bioscience Laboratory Learning: Bridging the Gap between Theory and Practice
Authors: Rayment Sarah , Evans Jennifer Ruth , Coffey Mike , Kirk Sandra , Sivasubramaniam Shiva Das , Moss Karen
Published: July 2023

Integration of technology is widespread in laboratory teaching, whose purpose includes building theoretical understanding and practical skills. How second-year bioscience undergraduate students at a UK university use technology to construct their understanding of laboratory-based topics was investigated using a concurrent think-aloud protocol in the laboratory, followed by semi-structured interviews. Analysis of think-aloud data used socially shared metacognitive coding since students may co-construct their understanding in these collaborative spaces. This analysis demonstrated that participants used technology within the laboratory either as a tool to conduct their experiment or, as a source of information to help them understand, apply or perform their experimental task. Semi-structured interviews demonstrated that students integrated technology into all aspects of their laboratory learning. Eight out of the ten participants described using technology to help them make connections between theory and practice as part of post-laboratory activities such as analysing or conducting further research on the topic. A survey of UK bioscience undergraduate modules found that 22% of modules did not use post-laboratory activities, suggesting that more scaffolding of post-laboratory activities could provide bioscience students with greater integration of practical and theoretical understanding and consequently meaningful laboratory learning.
Ecoflex Flexible Array of Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Gait Monitoring Alarm Warning Applications
Authors: Zheng Qinglan , Jia Changjun , Sun Fengxin , Zhang Mengqi , Wen Yuzhang , Xie Zhenning , Wang Junxiao , Liu Bing , Mao Yupeng , Zhao Chongle
Published: July 2023

The advent of self-powered arrays of tribological nanogenerators (TENGs) that harvest mechanical energy for data collection has ushered in a promising avenue for human motion monitoring. This emerging trend is poised to shape the future landscape of biomechanical study. However, when we try to monitor various regions of the foot across disparate environments simultaneously, it poses a number of problems, such as the lack of satisfactory waterproofing, suboptimal heat resistance, inaccurate monitoring capacity, and the inability to transmit data wirelessly. To overcome these issues, we have developed an array of sensors affixed to the insole’s surface to adeptly monitor movement gait patterns and alert users to falls using self-powered triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Each sensor cell on this sensor works as an individual air gap TENG (FWF-TENG), namely flexible, waterproof, and fast response, composed of an Ecoflex single-electrode array. Each FWF-TENG boasts a fast response time of 28 ms, which is sufficient to quickly monitor pressure changes during various badminton activities. Importantly, these sensors can persistently generate electrical signals at 70%RH humidity. Data obtained from these sensors can be transmitted to an upper computer intelligent terminal wirelessly through multi-grouped FHW-ENG sensing terminals in real time to achieve human–computer interaction applications, including motion technical determinations, feedback, and fall alerts. As a result, the interconnected TENG arrays have broad potential applications, including gait rehabilitation monitoring, motion technique identification, and fall alarm applications.
Designing Large Two-Dimensional Arrays of Josephson Junctions for RF Magnetic Field Detection
Authors: Crété Denis Gérard , Menouni Sarah , Trastoy Juan , Mesoraca Salvatore , Kermorvant Julien , Lemaître Yves , Marcilhac Bruno , Ulysse Christian
Published: July 2023

This paper discusses improved design of two-dimensional (2D) arrays, potentially pushing the present state of the art of the high-Tc (and low-Tc) magnetic field detectors to a larger scale, i.e., higher sensitivity. We propose a two-plate geometry for parallel (and two-dimensional) arrays of Josephson junctions (JJs) for application in magnetic field detection. The arrays can be realized either by integration in the same substrate with a multilayer technology or on two different substrates. In the latter case, the substrates can be assembled in a flip-chip or piggyback configuration. A suggestion would be to divide a 2D array in two (equal) parts and to distribute each part on a different layer, one above the other. We model the current distribution in arrays connected in series so that the bias current flowing through the device flows in opposite direction in the layers. We demonstrate that this geometry greatly improves the uniformity of the bias current distribution across the width of the array, thereby restoring the critical current and, in principle, improving the Josephson array response. From the model, we conclude that the alignment of the arrays is not critical and that the realization of the devices requires only conventional techniques.
Reforming Forest Policies and Management in Russia: Problems and Challenges
Authors: Shvarts Evgeny A. , Karpachevskiy Mikhail L. , Shmatkov Nikolay M. , Baybar Anastasia S.
Published: July 2023

The future development of forest industries in Russia, besides the country’s geopolitical issues, could be seriously undermined by the depletion of forest resources available under the current model of forest management that mainly relies on clearcutting mature coniferous forests and leaving these areas for natural regeneration. The introduction of a new model that prioritizes efficient forest regeneration faces many problems on the ground. The efficiency of the use of funds allocated by both governmental and private logging companies for forest regeneration and subsequent tending of young stands should urgently be significantly increased. The government should also develop pragmatic economic incentives to encourage logging concession holders to switch to the new model and to address the problem of the spatial shift (demarginalization) of the country’s forest complex from northern and eastern “green fields” to secondary mixed and southern taiga forests. Instead of harvesting low-productivity northern taiga forests of European Russia and remote areas of Central and Eastern Siberia, wood sourcing should be mainly concentrated in the immediate vicinity of existing mills. Moreover, the development of “greenfield” projects in wilderness forest areas that currently lack any kind of infrastructure should not be encouraged. The focus on the regions with productive southern taiga, mixed and broadleaf forests, developed wood-processing infrastructure, and high forest roads density could ensure the economically beneficial transition towards resilient forestry.
Bioethanol Production Based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Zhang Hongyang , Zhang Pengcheng , Wu Tao , Ruan Haihua
Published: July 2023

The large consumption of non-renewable fossil fuels has brought about energy depletion and environmental pollution, spawning the production of renewable biofuels, an important alternative to alleviate the energy crisis effectively. As one of the ideal types of biofuel, bioethanol synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has attracted much attention. S. cerevisiae has been developed as essential chassis cells with high efficiency for bioethanol synthesis on account of many advantages. This study systematically summarized the preponderance of S. cerevisiae in biosynthesis. It objectively stated the research strategies of bioethanol synthesis based on S. cerevisiae and the existing bottleneck problems. This study further proposed reasonable prospects for bioethanol synthesis by S. cerevisiae, attempting to provide alternative research strategies.
Exploring European Eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) Habitat Differences Using Otolith Analysis in Central-Western Mediterranean Rivers and Coastal Lagoons from Sardinia
Authors: Podda Cinzia , Culurgioni Jacopo , Diciotti Riccardo , Palmas Francesco , Amilhat Elsa , Faliex Elisabeth , Morat Fabien , Fois Nicola , Sabatini Andrea
Published: July 2023

An otolith shape and morphometric analysis was performed on European eel (Anguilla anguilla) subpopulations from five rivers and three coastal lagoons of Sardinia (central-western Mediterranean) to assess the role of different habitats on otolith development. Sagittal otolith shape was described by 11 harmonics from elliptic Fourier descriptors. Comparisons among the harmonics were run through canonical discriminant analyses (CDAs). The CDA reclassification rate (75.7%) demonstrated a spatial environmental discrimination among local eel subpopulations of Sardinia. The Euclidean distance values demonstrated a dissimilarity between the river and lagoon groups. The form factor and roundness shape indices were significantly higher in the river group than in the lagoon group. The distances of the first three rings to the otolith core revealed site-specific otolith development. Moreover, the annual otolith growth rate was faster in the lagoon group than in the river group. The differences among the studied sites in terms of sagittal otolith shape could relate to changes in different local stocks potentially related to environmental peculiarities. Establishing a direct correlation between otolith morphology and environmental factors is challenging, and further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between habitat type/environmental variation and growth/body characteristics of eels. Nevertheless, the achieved results suggest that this method can be considered to be a valuable tool for studying the ontogeny of the European eel.