bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A logical response to corporate social responsibility
Authors: Kowalski Robert
Published: July 2017

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is argued to be a flawed concept in the same way as sustainable development in that it seeks to combine two aspects which are incommensurable. Nevertheless CSR contains an expanding space for social and environmental concerns under the guise of stakeholder management which undoubtedly influences the commercial bottom line. It is proposed that the concept of corporate citizenship is separated from what is now termed corporate social responsiveness to encompass truly ethical and normative considerations which in business should be manifested by a wholehearted acceptance of the need for regulation, lobbying for the universality of that regulation and an avoidance of undue influence on government. Proper roles for the three partners in society, namely government, commerce and civil society are explored together with the nature of citizenship.
Mental health and the role of culture and resilience in refugees fleeing violence
Authors: Lusk Mark W , Chavez-Baray Silvia
Published: July 2017

This study focuses on the mental health and the role of resilience in Mexican refugees in the El Paso, Texas border region who experienced acts of violence, extortion, kidnapping, torture, arson, or other traumatic events in Mexico. This is an exploratory study that uses using mixed methods. We gathered data using: the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and the O’Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. We conducted extended interviews with adult participants (n=30) who escaped from the violence in Mexico to El Paso. Surprisingly, results did not show evidence of post- traumatic stress disorder. On the contrary, participants were highly resilient. Among the major themes that emerged from the interviews, cultural components identified by the participants consisted of: support to families (familism), the ability to talk to others about their own experiences (personalism), the idea that they have no control over their situation (fatalism), and putting things in God’s hands (faith), which mediate the effects of the experienced violence.
Soil hydraulic functions of international soils measured with the Extended Evaporation Method (EEM) and the HYPROP device
Authors: Schindler Uwe Georg , Müller Lothar
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The paper presents a data base of 173 soil hydrological data (raw data) from 71 sites all over the world (Asia, Africa, Australia America and Europe). The samples were mainly collected and measured as part of research projects. The soils cover a wide range of texture classes and dry bulk densities. The data base consists of water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity data. Additional data of the particle size distribution, the dry bulk density, the organic matter content and other variables are included. The hydraulic data were measured with the Extended Evaporation Method (EEM) and the HYPROP device in the range between saturation and close to the wilting point. Information to the geo reference, the soil type, the sampling depth and the horizon are given. Data access via DOI 10.4228/ZALF.2003.273.
Prevalence of dry eye syndrome in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes: in urban South Indian population
Authors: Banu Shaheen , H. M. Ismail , B. Punam , S. Lalitha
Published: July 2017

Background:The study was performed to assess the prevalence of dry eye syndrome in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes in urban south Indian population.

Methods:100 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes in urban South Indian population were consecutively studied who attended OPD at Ideal Diabetes Care Center. Dry eyes were on the basis of history of ocular discomfort, including soreness, gritty sensation, itchiness, redness, blurred vision that improves with blinking and excessive tearing. The condition was confirmed by ocular surface dye staining pattern with fluorescein, tear film break up time (TBUT) and Schirmer test. All the patients were given artificial tears (carboxy methycellulose sodium eye drops).

Results:Of 100 diabetic patients, 60 patients (60.0%) had dry eye syndrome. Dry eye syndrome was more common in older and female patients. A significant association was observed between duration of diabetes and frequency of dry eye syndrome. Of 60 patients with dry eye syndrome 43.0% suffered from gritty sensation, 41.0% had soreness. 26.0% complained from tearing, redness and 11.0% from pain. 60.0% had shimmer test positive. 8.0% had TBUT positive and none of the patients had abnormal corneal sensitivity test positive. Response after using artificial tears was good.  

Conclusions: Our finding strongly support diabetic patients have an elevated prevalence of dry eye syndrome. In this study the prevalence of dry eye syndrome was 60.0%. So, examination for dry eye should be an integral part of the assessment of dry eye disease. Further results showed management with artificial tears improved dry eye symptoms.
Profile of seekers of an internet-based self-help program for depression in India: observations and implications
Authors: Mehrotra Seema , Sudhir Paulomi M. , C. R. Satish Kumar , Thirthalli Jagadisha , Rao Girish N. , Srikanth T. K. , Gandotra Aditi
Published: July 2017

Background: Growing awareness of treatment gap for common mental health problems has provided an impetus to development of a variety of mental health apps. However there is a dearth of literature on potential users of such apps in India. Information of this nature can be vital in efforts at further development and dissemination of such apps for enhancing their public health impact. Methods: The paper focuses on examining the profile of individuals who expressed an interest in a newly developed internet based self-help program, called PUSH-D (Practice and Use Self-Help for depression). The PUSH-D pilot-trial was announced on various platforms and participation was solicited from individuals in the community. All those who communicated an interest were requested to participate in an initial evaluation session. Hundred and two individuals completed the evaluation that involved use of interviews and standardized questionnaires to assess depression severity, well-being, and functional impairment. Results: An average PUSH-D seeker was likely to be a young adult, with at least undergraduate level of education and was equally likely to be a male or a female. PUSH-D seekers were likely to have major depression or dysthymia; with mild to moderate severity of symptoms and significant impairment in functioning. Co-morbidities were evident only in a minority of PUSH-D seekers. Conclusions: About two third of PUSH-D seekers had never sought mental health services. Various barriers to seeking face to face professional consultations were reported. The results highlight the potential role of internet- based self-help programs for addressing treatment gap in India.
Utilization of concentrate supplements containing varying levels of cassava leaf pellet by growing goats fed a basal diet of pangola hay
Authors: Paengkoum Pramote , Thongpea  Sorasak , Paengkoum Siwaporn
Published: July 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying levels of cassava leaf pellet (CLP) on feed intake, digestibility and rumen fermentation of goats fed with pangola hay as roughages. Eight growing crossed (Thai native x Anglo-Nubian) goats between 10 to 12 months of age and pre-trial average body weight of 18.5 + 2.5 kg were allotted into two groups on the basis of body weight in a randomized double 4 x 4 Latin square design to investigate the utilization of concentrate mixtures of varying levels of CLP. The four concentrate mixtures had CLP included at 0% (control), 10 % (CLP1), 20% (CLP2) and 30% (CLP3) in concentrate as replacing soybean meal (SBM) with CLP as 25 %CP, 50%CP and 75%CP, respectively.  On average, all parameters measured, including dry matter intake (DMI), nutrients digestibility, ruminal ammonia-N (NH3-N), ruminal total volatile fatty acid (total VFA), individual VFAs concentration (mM/L), microbial N supply, and N retention increased (P less than 0.05) with the addition of CLP in concentrate up to 20% (CLP2) in concentrate, thereafter  decreased (P less than 0.05) in goats fed CLP 30% (CLP3). The results indicated that replacing SBM with CLP as 50 %CP (CLP2), resulted in higher animal performance as a consequence of improved ruminal fermentation, microbial yield and N balance,  but decreased (P less than 0.05) with 30% CLP diet. It is concluded that cassava leaf pellet can successfully replace soybean meal 50% CP as a protein source in growing goats.
Xenogenous Collagen Matrix and/or Enamel Matrix Derivative for Treatment of Localized Gingival Recessions: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Part II: Patient‐Reported Outcomes
Authors: Rocha dos Santos Manuela , Sangiorgio João Paulo Menck , Neves Felipe Lucas da Silva , França‐Grohmann Isabela Lima , Nociti Francisco Humberto , Silverio Ruiz Karina Gonzales , Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Sallum Enilson Antonio
Published: July 2017

Background: Gingival recession (GR) might be associated with patient discomfort due to cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH) and esthetic dissatisfaction. The aim is to evaluate the effect of root coverage procedure with a xenogenous collagen matrix (CM) and/or enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in combination with a coronally advanced flap (CAF) on CDH, esthetics, and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with GR.

Methods: Sixty‐eight participants with single Miller Class I/II GRs were treated with CAF (n = 17), CAF + CM (n = 17), CAF + EMD (n = 17), and CAF + CM + EMD (n = 17). CDH was assessed by evaporative stimuli using a visual analog scale (VAS) and a Schiff scale. Esthetics outcome was assessed with VAS and the Questionnaire of Oral Esthetic Satisfaction. Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) questionnaire was used to assess OHRQoL. All parameters were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months.

Results: Intragroup analysis showed statistically significant reduction in CDH and esthetic dissatisfaction with no intergroup significant differences (P >0.05). The impact of oral health on QoL after 6 months was significant for CAF + CM, CAF + EMD, and CAF + CM + EMD (P <0.05). Total OHIP‐14 score and psychologic discomfort, psychologic disability, social disability, and handicap dimensions showed negative correlation with esthetics. OHIP‐14 physical pain dimension had positive correlation with CDH (P <0.05). OHIP‐14 showed no correlation with percentage of root coverage, keratinized tissue width, or keratinized tissue thickness (P >0.05).

Conclusion: Root coverage procedures improve patient OHRQoL by impacting on a wide range of dimensions, perceived after reduction of CDH and esthetic dissatisfaction of patients with GRs treated with CAF + CM, CAF + EMD, and CAF + CM + EMD.
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve–Based Prediction Model for Periodontal Disease Updated With the Calibrated Community Periodontal Index
Authors: Su Chiu‐Wen , Yen Amy Ming‐Fang , Lai Hongmin , Chen Hsiu‐Hsi , Chen Sam Li‐Sheng
Published: July 2017

Background: The accuracy of a prediction model for periodontal disease using the community periodontal index (CPI) has been undertaken by using an area under a receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve. How the uncalibrated CPI, as measured by general dentists trained by periodontists in a large epidemiologic study, and affects the performance in a prediction model, has not been researched yet.

Methods: A two‐stage design was conducted by first proposing a validation study to calibrate CPI between a senior periodontal specialist and trained general dentists who measured CPIs in the main study of a nationwide survey. A Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model was applied to estimate the non‐updated and updated clinical weights used for building up risk scores. How the calibrated CPI affected performance of the updated prediction model was quantified by comparing AUROC curves between the original and updated models.

Results: Estimates regarding calibration of CPI obtained from the validation study were 66% and 85% for sensitivity and specificity, respectively. After updating, clinical weights of each predictor were inflated, and the risk score for the highest risk category was elevated from 434 to 630. Such an update improved the AUROC performance of the two corresponding prediction models from 62.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 61.7% to 63.6%) for the non‐updated model to 68.9% (95% CI: 68.0% to 69.6%) for the updated one, reaching a statistically significant difference (P <0.05).

Conclusion: An improvement in the updated prediction model was demonstrated for periodontal disease as measured by the calibrated CPI derived from a large epidemiologic survey.
Trajetórias de pesquisa e experiências educativas nas ciências da terra
Authors: Editorial Conselho
Published: July 2017

O volume 10 de Terræ Didatica dá início a ambiciosa ampliação do projeto editorial, em busca de fortalecê-la como revista científica nacional. De 2014 em diante publicaremos três edições por ano, sempre abordando temas científicos em Ciências da Terra. O terceiro número (dezembro), reunirá comunicações do evento Interfaces Geociências e Ensino: 40 anos de experiências (1973-2013), realizado na Unicamp, entre 23 e 24 de agosto passado. A comemoração dos 40 anos de uma bela trajetória de atividades iluminou as etapas e os resultados mais relevantes. Os artigos consistem de depoimentos sobre a história e efeitos do percurso de um grupo inicial, que se formou na USP e cresceu na Unicamp...
A importância do tempo geológico: desdobramentos culturais, educacionais e econômicos
Authors: Cervato Cinzia , Frodeman Robert
Published: July 2017

A descoberta do tempo geológico revolucionou o pensamento científico e conduziu ao desenvolvimento das modernas Ciências da Terra. Apesar disso, pouca atenção é dada para as consequências culturais e sociais de longo alcance do tempo geológico, que vão bem além de sua influência sobre as Geociências. Este ensaio resume a literatura que descreve a dificuldade que os estudantes encontram para compreender o tempo profundo, fornece uma visão geral do desenvolvimento histórico e a relevância cultural do tempo profundo, e sugere maneiras de aumentar a compreensão dos alunos sobre o significado do tempo geológico.
O Fórum Nacional de Cursos de Geologia e as diretrizes curriculares nacionais: histórico e perspectivas
Authors: Carneiro Celso Dal Ré Carneiro
Published: July 2017

A formação profissional na área de Geologia destina-se a suprir um campo de atividades tipicamente ligadas ao Estado. Esse fato acentua a importância de regras claras para funcionamento dos cursos de graduação em Geologia e Engenharia Geológica, representadas pelas Diretrizes Curriculares (DCNs), aprovadas pelo Conselho Nacional de Educação (CNE) em 2012. A decisão aproveita grandemente as proposições do Fórum Nacional de Cursos de Geologia (FNCG) e atende às preocupações e anseios de docentes, profissionais e estudantes. Este artigo do evento “Interfaces Geociências e Ensino: 40 anos de experiências (1973-2013)” examina, em perspectiva, a contribuição para as DCNs de um grupo de professores e alunos voltado para renovação no ensino superior de Geologia formado na USP em 1973. As DCNs mantêm várias recomendações relevantes da orientação precedente – o Currículo Mínimo –, e introduzem orientações para reconfigurar cursos, reestruturar currículos e mudar concepções. A ênfase ao trabalho de campo como ferramenta imprescindível de formação de geólogos, associada ao laboratório e intensivo estudo bibliográfico, pode levar a projetos pedagógicos inovadores, em substituição a rígidos modelos de currículos e cargas horárias. Além da consequência esperada – profissionais mais bem preparados – haverá melhor interação com órgãos de regulação profissional (sistema CREA-CONFEA), e orientações mais eficazes para a avaliação periódica dos cursos.
Reorganização das metas curriculares no ensino básico português: o caso das geociências
Authors: Bonito Jorge
Published: July 2017

Em abril de 2012, o Ministério da Educação e Ciência português decidiu que o desenvolvimento do ensino deve ser orientado por Metas Curriculares, definindo-se, de forma consistente, os conhecimentos e as capacidades essenciais que os alunos devem adquirir, nos diferentes anos de escolaridade e nos conteúdos de cada programa curricular. Entre outros, foi constituído um subgrupo de trabalho de reformulação das Metas Curriculares para a disciplina de Ciências Naturais, com o objetivo de propor as metas, assegurando a necessária articulação entre os ciclos de ensino e entre estas e os conteúdos dos programas. Foram definidas metas curriculares para a disciplina de Ciências Naturais, do 2.º e 3.º ciclos do ensino básico, deixando de fora o 1.º ciclo. Os conteúdos de Geociências são estudados no 2.º ciclo (5.º ano) e no 3.º ciclo (7.º ano). Neste trabalho dá-se conta das metas curriculares, dos conteúdos e dos tempos letivos atribuídos ao ensino das Geociências no ensino básico pelo subgrupo de trabalho, já homologadas pelo Ministério da Educação e Ciência.
Educar para prevenir: proteção e defesa civil nas escolas por um currículo escolar vivo
Authors: Baeta Lucilene de Freitas , Morais Natália Leite de
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho apresenta um projeto da Coordenadoria de Ações Preventivas e Recuperativas, a CAPR, uma subdivisão da Coordenadoria Municipal de Defesa Civil, a Condec, que propõe a integração entre as comunidades situadas em áreas de risco e a Defesa Civil, com o intuito de criar uma cultura de planejamento e execução de ações pre­ventivas tendo a escola como referência. Tomando como piloto a subprefeitura de São Mateus, município de São Paulo, foram aplicados questionários na Diretoria de Ensino que atende a região para se realizar levantamento da percepção dos munícipes em relação a eventos em áreas de risco. Assim, a formação escolar, que iniciaria a introdução de concepções que exaltam a formação de um cidadão consciente, seria o primeiro passo para gerar a apropriação de assuntos que aparecem constantemente no cotidiano de estudantes residentes em localidades propícias a eventos naturais como escorregamentos, enchentes, inundações, deslizamentos etc. Contribuir para a educação criando práticas de conscientização na comunidade requer um esforço de despertar os munícipes que habitam no entorno da escola a participar de ações coletivas em busca de melhorias para o seu bairro. Assim, a integração de atividades da Defesa Civil e escolas do município demonstrará a efi­ciência das políticas públicas que pretendem atender a sociedade, mas também incentivar a constituição de cidadãos críticos que saibam buscar por melhores condições na cidade em que vivem.
Contribuições do ensino de geociências à formação de uma massa crítica de professores e investigadores
Authors: Martins José Roberto Serra , Carneiro Celso Dal Ré
Published: July 2017

A atual carência de docentes para atender às escolas de educação básica pode ser suprida pela formação docente apoiada em currículos impregnados de conhecimentos, modelos e práticas típicos das Geociências. Ao mesmo tempo em que dificuldades levaram o Estado a perder a condição de gerir muitas escolas, estudantes incapazes de receber informações e construir conceitos tornaram-se social e culturalmente defasados. O professor, elemento-chave do processo, deve capacitar-se para contextualizar conceitos e transmitir conteúdos fundamentais de modo organizado e integrado. Os alunos devem compreender as dificuldades inerentes ao aprendizado e reconhecer que o saber é antes uma construção social em lugar de produto natural e espontâneo de nossa interação com o mundo objetivo. Os argumentos aqui oferecidos salientam as Geociências como alicerces para o desenvolvimento intelectual, porque incorporam ao pensamento sistêmico uma clara noção de perspectiva histórica, que explica a formação do patrimônio natural brasileiro, composto pelo nosso subsolo e suas riquezas.
Community Resident’s Opinions and Perceptions on the Effectiveness of Waste Management and Recycling Potential in the Umkhanyakude and Zululand District Municipalities in the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa
Authors: Rampedi Isaac Tebogo , Dlamini Bonginkosi Robert , Ifegbesan Ayodeji Peter
Published: July 2017

Whereas waste management research has focused on mostly urban municipalities in South Africa, not much is known about the current performance of waste management services from the perspective of community residents in rural municipalities. This study reports on the status and effectiveness of waste management practices from the perspective of community residents in the Umkhanyakude and Zululand Districts in the rural areas of the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Making use of structured questionnaires, primary data was obtained by interviewing 333 respondents representing households in the study area. Results have revealed several shortfalls in the provision of municipal waste management services, except for solid waste removal from households (66%), and management of landfill sites (41%). The degree of dissatisfaction for waste management services rendered was very high (97.3%). Furthermore, the majority (61.4%) of respondents were not willing to participate in waste segregation due to lack of appropriate knowledge and infrastructure. The study also pinpointed some benefits associated with waste minimization, as well as barriers constraining effective waste recycling. Based on these findings, there is a dire need for transforming current waste management practices toward increased recycling rates by creating more environmental awareness and a supporting infrastructure.
Perception of Tourism Impact and Support Tourism Development in Malaysia
Authors: Afthanorhan Asyraf , Awang Zainudin , Fazella Sharifah
Published: July 2017

Background: Tourism is one of the prominent industry that has a capability to generate handsome income for developed as well as developing countries. However, the study to investigate specifically the perception of local residents towards tourism is still lacking. The perception of the locals is important since it could determine the extent of their support for tourism development. Plus, previous research found that male residents are more support better towards the tourism development. Thus, this factor is adapted as well in this study to examine whether this gender may influence to the tourism industry. 2) Methods: This study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique for determining the structural estimates between constructs. 3) Results: The respondents agree that positive perception, negative perception and tourism impact has a significant impact on support for tourism development in which has been recognized as Social Exchange Theory model. Moreover, the finding also revealed that gender has a potential to moderates the causal effect of tourism impact on tourism development. 4) Conclusion: The resident understand the tourism sector could strengthen economic nation but they also want the natural resources should be protected.
Three-Dimensional Modeling Interaction of Shock Wave with Fin at Mach 5
Authors: Pasha Amjad A.
Published: July 2017

The three-dimensional single fin configuration finds application in an intake geometry where the cowl-shock wave interacts with the side-wall boundary-layer. Accurate numerical simulation of such three-dimensional shock/turbulent boundary-layer interaction flows, which are characterized by the appearance of strong crossflow separation, is a challenging task. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computations using the shock-unsteadiness modified Spalart-Allmaras model is carried out at Mach of 5 at large fin angle of 23◦. The computed results using the modified model are compared to the standard Spalart-Allmaras model and validated against the experimental data. The focus of work is to implement the modified model and to study the flow physics in detail in the complex region of swept-shock-wave turbulent boundary-layer interaction in terms of the shock structure, expansion fan, shear layer and the surface streamlines. The flow structure is correlated to the wall pressure and skin friction in detail. It is observed that the standard model predicts an initial pressure location downstream of the experiments. The modified model reduces the eddy viscosity at the shock and predicts close to the experiments. Overall, the surface pressure using modified model is predicted accurately at all the locations. The skin friction is under predicted by both the models in the reattachment region and is attributed to the poor performance of turbulence models due to flow laminarization.
Consumo habitual de chocolate y estado cognitivo en los adultos mayores españoles
Authors: OROZCO ARBELAEZ EDILBERTO , BANEGAS JOSE RAMON , RODRIGUEZ ARTALEJO FERNANDO , LOPEZ GARCIA ESTHER
Published: July 2017

Antecendentes: Estudios previos han encontrado que el consumo de flavonoides se asocia a menor riesgo de deterioro cognitivo. Sin embargo, el efecto del consumo habitual de café sobre el estado cognitivo no está bien esclarecido.Objetivo: Examinar la asociación entre el consumo habitual de chocolate y el estado cognitivo de adultos mayores españoles.Metodología: Estudio transversal, utilizando datos del estudio ENRICA-Senior. El consumo habitual de chocolate fue evaluado con una historia dietética informatizada. Los participantes fueron divididos en las siguientes categorías, de acuerdo a su consumo de chocolate: sin consumo, <10 g/d y ≥10 g/d.  El estado cognitivo fue determinado mediante la versión del test Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) para España. Los puntos de corte para definir deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) fueron: ≤25, ≤24 y ≤23. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión lineal y logística ajustados por los principales factores confusores para calcular coeficientes beta y odds ratios (ORs) de asociación.Resultados: En comparación con el grupo de personas que no reportaron consumir chocolate, aquellos con un consumo habitual de ≥10 g/d obtuvieron una mayor puntuación en el MMSE (coeficiente beta e intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC95%) del modelo ajustado: 0.26 (0.02-0.50); p de tendencia lineal= 0.05). Cuando examinamos la asociación sólo con chocolate negro, los resultados también fueron significativos [coeficiente beta: 0.48 (IC95%: 0.18-0.78); p de tendencia lineal <0.001]. El consumo de chocolate total no se asoció con DCL en ninguna de las definiciones propuestas. Sin embargo, el consumo de chocolate negro se asoció con menor probabilidad de DCL (ORs e IC95% para MMSE ≤25: 0.39 (0.20-0.77); para MMSE ≤ 24: 0.26 (0.10-0.67); y para MMSE ≤ 23: 0.25 (0.07-0.82).Conclusión: Estos resultados sugieren que puede existir una asociación entre consumo de chocolate y mejor función cognitiva en personas mayores.
Cribado de la desnutrición hospitalaria en la admisión: la desnutrición aumenta la mortalidad y la duración de la estancia hospitalaria
Authors: Leiva Badosa Elisabet , Badia Tahull Maria , Virgili Casas Núria , Elguezabal Sangrador Gema , Faz Méndez Concepción , Herrero Meseguer Ignacio , Izquierdo González Àngels , López Urdiales Rafael , Oca Burguete Francisco Javier , Tubau Molas Maria , Vilarasau Farré Concepció , Llop Talaveron Josep Manel
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Malnutrition is common in patients admitted to hospital and is associated with morbidity and mortality. We conducted a study to assess the prevalence of nutritional risk, risk factors associated and its consequences in a third-level hospital.Methods: This is a prospective nutritional screening study of hospitalized patients evaluated within the first 72 hours of admission, by Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ) screening tests. The variables recorded included demographic, anthropometric, hospitalization and clinical data.Results: Out of 409 patients, 12.7% and 15.3% were nutritionally at risk according to MUST and SNAQ, respectively, with the highest prevalence in critical care units (33.3%; 25.5%), amongst oncologic patients (17.5%; 28.4%) and those with higher Charlson Comorbidity Indices (CCI). Length of stay (LOS) was longer in patients at severe malnutrition risk (15.4 vs 9.9 days for MUST; 13.3 vs 9.9 days for SNAQ). Mortality was higher in those with high malnutrition risk (66.7% vs 10.9% for MUST; 50.0% vs 14.2% for SNAQ). Multivariate analysis showed that malnutrition was associated with CCI and mortality. Risk factors associated with LOS were admission as emergencies for both MUST and SNAQ tests. Conclusions: The prevalence of malnutrition is high in patients on admission to a third-level hospital, with a higher prevalence in critical care units, amongst oncologic patients and those with a higher CCI. Malnutrition is associated with longer LOS and higher mortality. The systematic clinical use of screening tools enables to detect patients at risk of malnutrition and take appropriate action.
DIFERENCIAS EN IMAGEN CORPORAL DE JÓVENES NORMOPESO Y CON SOBREPESO/OBESIDAD
Authors: Cruzat-Mandich Claudia , Díaz-Castrillón Fernanda , Lizana Calderón Paula , Aravena Winkler Marcela , Haemmerli Delucchi Constance
Published: July 2017

Introducción: La obesidad es un problema crónico y  en aumento. Su  estudio requiere comprender múltiples variables asociadas.   La imagen corporal tiene un papel importante en esta condición de salud. El propósito de este estudio fue comparar la percepción de imagen corporal  de jóvenes normopeso y sobrepeso/obesidad. Material y métodos: Se comparó a 376 jóvenes de ambos sexos, de una muestra no clínica, de entre 18 y 25 años de edad, clasificados por su Índice de Masa Corporal en dos grupos: Grupo Normopeso y Grupo sobrepeso u obesidad. Para evaluar imagen corporal, los participantes respondieron el Multidimensional Body Self  Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), y el Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-3). Resultados: Los participantes con sobrepeso/obesidad están menos satisfechos con su apariencia y con su cuerpo cuando éste es evaluado por partes, evalúan peor su estado físico y/o sus capacidades físicas, presentan menos conductas orientadas a mantener o mejorar su forma física, perciben un peor diagnóstico de su salud y tienen menor satisfacción corporal.  Están más preocupados por su peso,  se autoclasifican más por su peso y presenta una mayor obsesión por la delgadez. Junto con lo anterior, se observaron diferencias significativas por sexo en escalas de las pruebas aplicadas. Discusión: A pesar de la mala evaluación que los estudiantes con sobrepeso/obesidad realizan en relación a su cuerpo no están dispuestos a realizar actividades concretas que les permitan cambiar su estado. Es necesario seguir investigando con el fin de desarrollar programas preventivos, y de tratamiento más efectivos.
PENINGKATAN INTERAKSI DAN PRESTASI SISWA SMK MELALUI APLIKASI PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM SOLVING
Authors: Firdzaus K. Muhammad , Akhyar Muhammad , Suharno Suharno
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this research improves activeness and learning outcomes of student XI TO B class on learning theory at automotive electrical lesson SMK Negeri 5 Surakarta for academic year 2012/2013. This data the research were activeness and learning outcomes of student. The Collecting of the data by using four ways, there was interview, observation, test, and questionaire. The observation sheet use six indicators of activeness : asking, argue, listening, reading, writing, and discussion. The data of the research was analyzed with descriptive analyse techniques. The research includes action research in education, namely classroom action research (PTK). This research was by one meeting activities before the cycle. PTK was carried out with two cycle’s, each cycle two meeting’s with one test in last of second meeting. Based on the result, result of research was concluded that application of Problem Solving Learning Method improved 9,25% activeness of student XI TO B class on learning theory at automotive electrical lesson SMK Negeri 5 Surakarta for academic year 2012/ 2013. Beside that application of Problem Solving Learning Method improved learning outcome of student XI TO B class on learning theory at automotive electrical lesson SMK Negeri 5 Surakarta for academic year 2012/2013.
Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Agribisnis: Terobosan Penguatan Kelembagaan dan Pembiayaan Pertanian di Perdesaan
Authors: Hermawan Hari , Andrianyta Harmi
Published: July 2017

Permodalan masih menjadi salah satu permasalahan utama yang dihadapi pelaku usaha pertanian. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, pemerintah memberikan solusi dengan meluncurkan suatu program yang dinamakan Program Pengembangan Usaha Agribisnis Perdesaan (PUAP) melalui pemberian dana Bantuan Langsung Masyarakat (BLM) sebagai modal usahatani bagi petani, sekaligus untuk memperbaiki dan memperkuat kelembagaan ekonomi di perdesaan yang akhirnya bermuara pada berkembangnya Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Agribisnis (LKM-A) di perdesaan. Tulisan ini bertujuan: (1) mengkaji strategi pengembangan LKM-A ke depan yang efektif untuk mendukung usahatani; dan (2) merumuskan alternatif kebijakan pemerintah dalam mendukung pengembangan LKM-A. Pada Gapoktan pelaksana PUAP 2008 dan 2009 sudah terjadi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan LKM-A. Keberadaan LKM-A di perdesaan berfungsi sebagai lembaga ekonomi yang memfasilitasi pembiayaan usahatani dan mempunyai peran sebagai penghubung aktivitas perekonomian masyarakat petani. Strategi pengembangan LKM-A ke depan dalam implementasi di lapangan, yaitu: perlu dilakukan percepatan melalui sosialisasi, advokasi, dan koordinasi dari hulu hingga hilir antara pengurus LKM-A dengan stakeholder dan instansi-instansi, utamanya yang terkait dengan penguatan modal, jaminan pemasaran hasil produksi, serta dukungan sarana dan prasarana (proses berbadan hukum). Inisiatif koordinasi dibantu oleh pemerintah daerah tingkat provinsi selaku tim pembina, dan pemerintah daerah tingkat kabupaten/kota selaku tim teknis dalam koridor struktur organisasi pelaksana PUAP.
Dinamika Program Swasembada Daging Sapi: Reorientasi Konsepsi dan Implementasi
Authors: Ashari Ashari , Ilham Nyak , Nuryanti Sri
Published: July 2017

Upaya pencapaian swasembada daging sapi di Indonesia telah mengalami dinamika mulai dari konsep program, organisasi pelaksana, dokumen pendukung dan sistem pendanaan. Berbagai upaya perbaikan tersebut dilakukan untuk mencapai target swasembada daging sapi pada tahun 2014. Namun, peluang keberhasilan swasembada daging sapi 2014 pun masih dipertanyakan. Konsep program merupakan penentu efektivitas dan efisiensi pencapaian tujuan program. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menelaah secara kritis tentang berbagai konsep swasembada daging sapi yang pernah dan sedang diimplementasikan pemerintah. PSDS 2014 dirancang dengan tiga skenario berdasarkan data dukung agribisnis sapi potong Indonesia, yaitu optimis, kemungkinan besar, dan pesimis. APBN merupakan sumber pendanaan PSDS 2014 namun pembagiannya belum sesuai potensi 20 provinsi pelaksana. Dana yang ada dialokasikan ke provinsi bukan prioritas serta 63,5 persen penyalurannya dalam bentuk bantuan sosial. Dengan keterbatasan dana dan waktu, implementasi PSDS 2014 seharusnya difokuskan enam kegiatan utama, yaitu: (1) pengembangan usaha pembiakan dan penggemukan sapi lokal; (2) optimalisasi IB dan INKA; (3) penyediaan dan pengembangan pakan dan air; (4) penanggulangan gangguan reproduksi dan peningkatan pelayanan keswan; (5) penyelamatan sapi betina produktif, dan (6) pengaturan stok sapi bakalan dan daging melalui pengendalian import. Upaya mengakselerasi PSDS 2014 memerlukan komitmen kuat semua pemangku kepentingan, sehingga upaya yang dilakukan dapat menuju sasaran program secara efektif dan efisien.
Teknologi Panen dan Pascapanen Padi: Kendala Adopsi dan Kebijakan Strategi Pengembangan
Authors: Swastika Dewa Ketut Sadra
Published: July 2017

Pada kondisi konversi lahan pertanian yang sulit dibendung dan teknologi usahatani padi yang hampir jenuh, sulit mengharapkan pertumbuhan produksi yang tinggi dari perluasan areal tanam dan peningkatan produktivitas. Di pihak lain, angka kehilangan hasil masih relatif tinggi. Penurunan kehilangan hasil melalui perbaikan penerapan teknologi panen dan pascapanen nampaknya merupakan sumber pertumbuhan produksi yang prospektif. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi ketersediaan teknologi maju pascapanen dan kendala petani, buruh, pedagang, dan penggilingan padi dalam mengadopsi teknologi maju tersebut. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sudah cukup banyak tersedia teknologi maju panen, perontokan, pengeringan, dan penggilingan padi. Namun tingkat adopsi dari teknologi tersebut masih relatif rendah. Berbagai kendala yang dihadapi dalam mengadopsi teknologi maju pascapanen, antara lain: (i) Ketidaktahuan petani, buruh, dan pedagang tentang teknologi tersebut, (ii) Harga alat dan mesin pascapanen yang kurang terjangkau oleh petani individu, (iii) Belum adanya jasa penyewaan alat dan mesin pascapanen, (iv) Adanya tekanan dari buruh dan pengasak, karena khawatir akan kehilangan lapangan pekerjaan, (v) Tidak adanya insentif perbedaan harga bagi pedagang untuk melakukan kegiatan pengeringan, dan (vi) Rasa puas penggilingan padi dengan alat dan mesin yang dimiliki saat ini. Untuk mempercepat adopsi teknologi maju pascapanen, diperlukan beberapa alternatif kebijakan strategis, antara lain: mengintensifkan introduksi, promosi dan demonstrasi alat dan mesin pascapanen melalui penyuluhan dan pelatihan di tingkat kelompok tani, memperbaiki harga pembelian gabah dan beras untuk memberi insentif bagi petani dan pedagang melakukan pengeringan, dan penyediaan kredit lunak dengan administrasi sederhana bagi perorangan atau perusahaan penyewaan alat dan mesin pascapanen.
Sistem Perbenihan Padi dan Karakteristik Produsen Benih Padi di Jawa Timur
Authors: Sayaka Bambang , Hidayat Deri
Published: July 2017

English

Rice seed is a promising business. Partnership between rice seed producers and seed growers is profitable to both parties and enhances production scale. This study was conducted in November 2013 in Mojokerto and Banyuwangi Regencies, East Java Province. Results of the study showed that rice seed producers in East Java were able to supply more than the rice farmers’ dema nd in the province. Some of the rice seed production was sold to other provinces. Partnership between producers and growers are intended to reduce risks. Furthermore, growers received soft loans fr om producer, attained higher yield, and better selling price. It is necessary to improve role of Food Crops and Horticulture Seed Control Agency (UPT PSBT PH) to oversee rice seed production and its distribution. Crops Seed Controller (PBT) enhancement will improve role of UPT PSBTPH. 

 

Indonesia

Produksi benih padi merupakan bisnis yang relatif menjanjikan. Kemitraan antara produsen dan penangkar benih padi menguntungkan kedua belah pihak dan dapat meningkatkan skala produksi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan November 2013 di Kabupaten Mojokerto dan Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produsen benih di Jawa Timur mampu menghasilkan benih padi untuk mencukupi kebutuhan petani di provinsi tersebut, bahkan sebagian dijual ke luar provinsi. Umumnya produsen benih bermitra dengan penangkar benih untuk mengurangi risiko kerugian. Penangkar benih diuntungkan karena mendapat bantuan pinjaman dari produsen sehingga dapat menghasilkan calon benih padi dengan produktivitas tinggi dan harga jual yang lebih baik dari gabah konsumsi. Peranan Balai Pengawasan dan Sertifikasi Benih (BPSB) atau Unit Pengelola Teknis Pengawasan dan Sertifikasi Benih Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura (UPT PSBTPH) perlu ditingkatkan dalam mengawasi produksi benih sejak di lapang, setelah panen hingga pengolahan benih dan peredaran di pasar. Penambahan Pengawas Benih Tanaman (PBT) dapat meningkatkan peran BPSB. 
Pengembangan Ekonomi Tembakau Nasional: Kebijakan Negara Maju dan Pembelajaran Bagi Indonesia
Authors: Rachmat Muchjidin
Published: July 2017

Industri tembakau Indonesiadihadapkan kepada situasi dilematik dan kontroversi perannya dalam perekonomian nasional dan dampak negatif yang ditimbulkannya bagi kesehatan masyarakat dan lingkungan. Makalah ini  membahas tentang  kontroversi  dan dilema industri tembakau serta alternatif solusinya. Sumbangan utama industri tembakau dalam perekonomian nasional adalah sebagai sumber penerimaan cukai, sedangkan perannya dalam penyerapan tenaga kerja dan devisa  relatif kecil. Penerima manfaat terbesar dari industri tembakau adalah industri rokok skala besar dan perusahaan rokok multinasional, sementara masyarakat Indonesia menerima pengaruh negatip rokok  berupa penurunan derajat kesehatan dan biaya kesehatan yang besar. Tanpa adanya kebijakan yang tegas, Indonesia akan menjadi pasar potensial bagi industri rokok skala besar nasional dan multinasional. Kebijakan yang tegas pemerintah diperlukan untuk meminimalkan dampak negatip rokok. Sejalan dengan itu Indonesia harus menandatangai dan meratifikasi Konvensi Pengendalian Tembakau (Framework Convention on Tobacco Control–FCTC.) sebagai payung hukum pengendalian tembakau. Di samping itu pemerintah harus melindungi masyarakat terhadap dampak negatip rokok melalui penerapan  kebijakan  harga rokok, penetapan pajak/cukai rokok, pengendalian iklan rokok, kegiatan promosi dan sponsor oleh perusahaan rokok serta penetapan daerah/ kawasan besas dari asap rokok. Dengan semakin meningkatnya gerakan kesehatan dan anti rokok di dunia, maka dalam jangka panjang industri rokok dunia diprediksi akan mengalami penurunan. Kondisi ini perlu diantisipasi dan menjadi acuan dalam penetapan kebijakan tembakau di Indonesia. Sejak awal perlu antisipasi dalam bentuk upaya substitusi secara bertahap dari industri rokok dan tanaman tembakau ke  industri dan  tanaman lain yang lebih bermanfaat.
Koordinasi Penelitian dan Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian di Tingkat Provinsi: Antisipasi Perbaikan inerja Komisi Teknologi Pertanian
Authors: Witjaksono Julian
Published: July 2017

Komisi teknologi pertanian pada hakekatnya dibentuk untuk menjamin peran pemangku kepentingan utama di daerah dalam menentukan prioritas kebutuhan penelitian dan pengembangan dan mendiskusikan hasil pengkajian teknologi pertanian. Keberadaan komisi teknologi sejalan dengan mandat BPTP untuk menghasilkan rekomendasi teknologi spesifik lokasi yang cocok untuk didiseminasikan secara luas. Selain itu, komisi teknologi dapat berperan aktif sehingga kegiatan BPTP dapat lebih sinkron dengan program dan prioritas daerah. Berbagai persoalan masih terus dihadapi sehubungan dengan pelaksanaan temu komisi, seperti keanggotaan, persepsi dan pemahaman mengenai mandat dan tanggung jawab komisi, sumber pendanaan, koordinasi dengan instansi akibat implementasi dari otonomi daerah, waktu pelaksanaan pertemuan dan restrukturisasi lembaga –lembaga pemerintahan di daerah. Tindakan yang antisipatif sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kinerja komisi teknologi pertanian dan dalam memperbaiki koordinasi penelitian dan pengkajian teknologi pertanian dalam mendukung efektivitas dan efisiensi pembangunan pertanian.
Nuevas consideraciones sobre la salud de las personas con trastornos del desarrollo intelectual
Authors: Folch-Mas Anabel , Cortés-Ruiz María José , Salvador-Carulla Luis , Kazah-Soneyra Natalia , Irazábal-Giménez Marcia , Muñoz-Lorente Silvia , Tamarit-Cuadrado Javier , Martínez-Leal Rafael
Published: July 2017

La literatura reciente indica que las personas con trastornos del desarrollo intelectual (TDI) presentan diferencias respecto de la población general en cuanto a la prevalencia de determinadas enfermedades y a la atención sanitaria que reciben. El conocimiento actual con base en la evidencia es aún muy escaso en países no anglosajones. Los proyectos europeos POMONA-I y POMONA-II tenían el objetivo de recoger información sobre el estado de salud de las personas con TDI en Europa. Actualmente, el proyecto POMONAESP en España pretende recoger dicha información en una muestra amplia y representativa de personas con TDI. También se están llevando a cabo otros estudios sobre la necesidad de contar con servicios especializados y sobre la formación que reciben los profesionales sanitarios sobre TDI. En este artículo se revisan las últimas evidencias sobre la salud de las personas con TDI y se exponen las principales actividades de investigación y asistencia sanitaria sobre este tema.
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y osteoartritis primaria de rodilla
Authors: Arellano-Pérez Vertti Rubén Daniel , Aguilar-Muñiz Lizette Saraí , González-Galarza Faviel Francisco , Argüello-Astorga Rafael , Morán-Martínez Javier
Published: July 2017

Señor editor: Es nuestro interés dar a conocer los resultados del estudio sobre la asociación entre diabetes tipo 2 y osteoartritis primaria de rodilla en una población del norte de México.
Procesos de atención a menores de 20 años en La Castañeda: evolución del concepto de infancia en psiquiatría
Authors: Escotto-Morett Jorge , Ángeles-Llerenas Angélica , Domínguez-Esponda Rosalinda , Márquez-Caraveo María Elena
Published: July 2017

Existe evidencia de que los niños y adolescentes pueden presentar problemas del desarrollo y trastornos psiquiátricos. Lo anterior es consecuencia del concepto de infancia y del refinamiento de las clasificaciones diagnósticas médicopsiquiátricas. Este artículo ofrece una mirada sobre los procesos de atención psiquiátrica brindados a 36 niños y adolescentes admitidos en el Manicomio La Castañeda en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Motivo de ingreso, tiempo de estancia, diagnósticos establecidos, tratamiento y motivo de egreso son algunos de los aspectos que se describen. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre la existencia de un hospital psiquiátrico infantil, que siendo testimonio del pasado, tiene al mismo tiempo el desafío de convertirse en una institución innovadora; sitio que en el ámbito de las especialidades médicas reclama la psiquiatría infantil a favor de los menores que difícilmente pueden abogar por sí mismos.
La salud mental en el ámbito poblacional:la utopía de la psiquiatría social en países de bajos ingresos
Authors: Katz Gregorio , Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo , Madrigal Eduardo
Published: July 2017

La salud mental es una prioridad en los sistemas de salud, no sólo porque tenemos conocimiento de la enorme carga que representa en el peso de la enfermedad, sino también porque se considera una condición primordial de calidad de vida. En términos epidemiológicos, la salud mental contribuye con la carga global de las enfermedades en alrededor de 12%, representa hasta 28% de los años vividos con discapacidad y constituye una de las tres principales causas de mortalidad entre las personas de 15 a 35 años, considerando el suicidio. La promoción de salud mental, particularmente desde una edad temprana, es un desafío para la población en su conjunto.