bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dynamic View: Multiscale Characterisation Techniques for Flexible Frameworks
Authors: Bon V. , Roztocki K. , Iacomi P. , Hobday C. L. , Senkovska I. , Pöppl A. , Brunner E. , Kaskel S.
Published: March 2024

This chapter describes the development of multiscale techniques for the characterisation of flexible frameworks. In the introduction, the reader will be guided in existing ex situ and in situ techniques, used for recognising and unravelling the framework flexibility. In Section 3.2, the common techniques, and approaches for recognising the flexibility by common characterisation techniques are described. Section 3.3 reports on advanced in situ characterisation techniques, which can be used for detailed characterisation of switching mechanisms from different perspectives such as average crystal structure, host–guest interactions, chemical bonding, mechanical stability, and thermodynamics. Section 3.4 provides an overview of the progress in terms of in situ time-resolved techniques, aiming to shine a light on the switching kinetics. Finally, the main challenges and future direction in the characterisation of dynamic metal–organic frameworks are highlighted in the outlook section of the chapter.
Biofilm-associated Infections and Their Management
Authors: Sharma Manu , Rawat Reetika , Pandey Easha , Sharma Sheelu , Sadhu Veera , Kakarla Raghava Reddy
Published: March 2024

A biofilm is an architectural arrangement of microorganisms inside a network of extracellular polymeric substances produced by them. This arrangement safeguards the bacterial cells and renders them less susceptible to antimicrobials, and inhibits host immune effector mechanisms. Furthermore, a biofilm empowers microbes to scatter and colonize in new areas and persist in a hostile environment. Bacterial biofilms are typically pathogenic in nature and can cause nosocomial infections including device-associated infections. A variety of biofilm-related infections have been expanding over the long term, and this particular form of development endows high tolerance to associated bacteria against conventional antimicrobial agents. Persister cells emerging within the biofilm are known to be highly tolerant towards antibiotics and engage in instigating relapse of infections. This chapter highlights biofilm development, its pathogenesis, biofilm recalcitrance, treatment challenges, and various treatment strategies to manage biofilm infections.
Biopolymer-based Drug Delivery Systems: Synthesis Strategies, Functionalization, and Applications
Authors: Sharma Manu , Pandey Easha , Soni Ranju , Gupta Namita , Gupta Tapasvi , Saini Swati , Sadhu Veera , Sharma Sheelu , Kakarla Raghava Reddy
Published: March 2024

Microencapsulation techniques have shown remarkable potential in the development of drug delivery systems, with functional applications in encapsulating biologicals, chemical moieties, live mammalian and bacterial cells, and various therapeutically active molecules. Microencapsulation provides stability and protection to the encased material, taste masking, alters the drug absorption site, facilitates targeted delivery of drugs, and regulates the rate of release of the enclosed material, confirming efficient and safe therapeutic effects. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of microencapsulation methods, covering the primary goals of microencapsulation, fundamental considerations, diverse operations, and approaches considered during microencapsulation, including physical, chemical, and physicochemical methods. It also summarizes the main aspects of microencapsulation, especially regarding the encapsulation of various biopharmaceuticals to improve their physicochemical properties and therapeutic efficacy.
Nanotoxicology and Its Remediation
Authors: Pradhan Kadambini , Mishra Lokanath , Mishra Monalisa
Published: March 2024

Nanotoxicity is the toxicity caused by nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have many advantages in various branches of science, but sometimes they have harmful effects that need to be remediated. Owing to the expanding use of nanoparticles, the toxicity rate is continuously increasing. Many factors affect nanotoxicity, including the rate of administration, shape, size, and others. Different nanoparticles utilize different mechanisms to generate toxic effects. Reactive oxygen species are the leading toxic agent in most cases. The impact of nanotoxicity differs in various subcellular organelles of a cell. Many studies have shown the effects of nanotoxicity on behavior and development in animals. The quality of the environment is also deteriorating owing to the emerging risk of nanotoxicity. Several methods to reduce nanotoxicity have been discovered, but the lack of information is a barrier to producing non-toxic materials that do not harm biological systems or the environment. Studies of the characteristics of nanoparticles can help find an effective path to remediation. Phytoremediation opens up an exciting means of remediation. However, much more collaborative research is needed to find the best approach to remediation.
Biocompatibility and Functionalization of Sustainable Nanomaterials
Authors: Vijayan Jyothy G. , Niranjana Prabhu T.
Published: March 2024

Nanomaterials are considered to be a promising type of compounds with tuneable properties and high efficiency. Nanomaterials are used in different areas, such as cosmetics, biomedical, textiles, environmental, etc. Functionalization helps to enhance the properties of nanomaterials, such as optical, electrical, mechanical, thermal, and adsorption properties. Functionalized nanomaterials, which are considered as the next-generation smart materials, have a major role in biomedical engineering science. The ecofriendly and sustainable synthesis of nanomaterials makes them more biocompatible in nature. Biocompatible functionalization of nanomaterials is used in clinical applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scanning, cancer treatment, and biological 3D imaging. This chapter focuses on certain critical factors such as the synthesis of functionalized nanomaterials, properties, and applications of functionalized nanomaterials in nanomedicine, and future applications.
Bioengineered Nanomaterials: Recent Trends and Bottlenecks in the Management of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Nadaf Sameer , Bhagwat Durgacharan , Gurav Shailendra
Published: March 2024

The pathogens that induce infectious diseases that account for the majority of hospitalizations and fatalities worldwide are viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Appropriately managing infectious diseases confronts several challenges in light of tremendous advances. By encouraging a drug’s localization at the site of infection, reducing side effects, and/or attenuating the emergence of resistance, the use of nanomedicine is developing as a novel technique for boosting the anti-infective effects of licensed medications. Nanomaterials are widely used in medicines, prophylactic vaccinations, and diagnostic systems to develop promising strategies against infectious diseases. As a consequence, there is a great deal of interest in their possible applications in vaccines and therapeutic systems against a variety of pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, multidrug-resistant strains, and biofilms. This chapter introduces recent advances in the development of bioengineered and biomimetic nanomaterials derived from bacteria, viruses, and mammalian cells. Recent advances in bioengineered nanomaterials for the treatment of infectious disorders are discussed first. Next, a review and summary of applications of bioengineered and biomimetic nanomaterials in anti-infective therapy are provided. Additionally, the ability of “nanovaccines” to treat or prevent infectious diseases is also emphasized. The field’s future prospects and substantial translational obstacles are explored.
Ex Vivo Immunization: A Strategy for Immunization Against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Singh Harpreet , Nuthalapati Poojith , Yendapalli Preethi , Sahu Debasis
Published: March 2024

Ex vivo immunization is carried out by stimulating the naïve lymphocytes isolated from the host with a wide range of immunogens. These cells are readministered into the host for an enhanced immune response against the pathogen of interest. In the fight against the global pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in toto can be used effectively for mass immunization. In this process, host-isolated PBMCs will be exposed to inactivated or heat-killed virion particles of severe acute respiratory syndrome-novel coronavirus 2 (SARS-nCoV-2), resulting in antigen presentation followed by signaling cascades among B cells, T cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells, leading to humoral and cell-mediated immunity. This strategy will ensure the safety of the human host with the least adverse effects.
Neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV-2 Influences the Prognosis of Neurological Disorders
Authors: Nuthalapati Poojith , Ghanta Mohan Krishna , Farran Batoul , Chenchula Santenna , Vedam Venkata Aksheena Varahi , Pukalendiran Vigneshwaran , Amerneni Krishna Chaitanya , Bhaskar L. V. K. S.
Published: March 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact globally and research related to disease pathology and treatments has been initiated as a top priority and with the utmost possible speed. The availability of information and preliminary data related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus has reduced the time in clinical vaccine discovery. However, its clinical manifestations and disease pathology, which are extremely variable and range from mild to severe complications, are a major concern to the medical and research communities. This chapter aims to reveal the neurological involvement in COVID-19, such as neuroinvasion by SARS-CoV-2, its manifestations, and involvement in other neurological conditions. The post-COVID-19 effects on the incidence and prognosis of neurological diseases are also discussed. This chapter analyzes the latest literature published in the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Ten neuroinvasive mechanisms are described, including the involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in stroke, epilepsy, Guillain–Barré syndrome and Parkinson’s disease. This review provides an essential framework for understanding the various neurological mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection to diagnose, prevent, and control neurological disease severity and mortality.
Harnessing alcohols as sustainable reagents for late-stage functionalisation: synthesis of drugs and bio-inspired compounds
Authors: Bera Sourajit , Kabadwal Lalit Mohan , Banerjee Debasis
Published: March 2024

This review collectively discussed the utilisation of alcohols in various organic transformations and their application toward intermediates of drugs, drug derivatives and natural product-like molecules.
Increased nitrate intake from beetroot juice over 4 weeks affects nitrate metabolism, but not vascular function or blood pressure in older adults with hypertension
Authors: Fejes Rebeka , Lutnik Martin , Weisshaar Stefan , Pilat Nina , Wagner Karl-Heinz , Stüger Hans-Peter , Peake Jonathan M. , Woodman Richard J. , Croft Kevin D. , Bondonno Catherine P. , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Wolzt Michael , Neubauer Oliver
Published: March 2024

In this randomized placebo-controlled crossover study, we evaluated whether previously reported cardiovascular benefits of plant-derived inorganic nitrate via NO translate into improved vascular function and blood pressure-lowering in middle-aged and older men and women with treated hypertension.
Beef peptides mitigate skeletal muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes through protein degradation, protein synthesis, and the oxidative stress pathway
Authors: Hur Hyeonjin , Kim Hye-Jin , Lee Dongheon , Jo Cheorun
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to investigate the potential of beef peptides (BPs) in mitigating muscle atrophy induced by dexamethasone (DEX) with underlying three mechanisms in vitro (protein degradation, protein synthesis, and the oxidative stress pathway).
Seaweed-based polysaccharides – review of extraction, characterization, and bioplastic application
Authors: Krishnan Lakshmi , Ravi Nandhini , Kumar Mondal Anjon , Akter Farjana , Kumar Manoj , Ralph Peter , Kuzhiumparambil Unnikrishnan
Published: March 2024

Seaweed biomass is gaining industrial and economic momentum as a renewable feedstock for high-value products, including nutraceuticals, value-added chemicals and bioplastics.
Controllable fabrication of CoNi bimetallic alloy for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Xie Hai , Li Jinmei , Yang Rui , Yang Juan , Wang Tingmei , Wang Qihua
Published: March 2024

With the coming era of artificial intelligence (AI) dominated by high-tech electronics, developing high-performance microwave absorption materials (MAMs) is imperative to solve the problem of increasing electromagnetic inference and pollution.
Singlet fission in TIPS-anthracene thin films
Authors: de Clercq Damon M. , Collins Miles I. , Sloane Nicholas P. , Feng Jiale , McCamey Dane R. , Tayebjee Murad J. Y. , Nielsen Michael P. , Schmidt Timothy W.
Published: March 2024

The loss mechanisms of singlet fission in thin films of TIPS-anthracene are investigated with transient absorption spectroscopy and magnetic photoluminescent measurements.
Engineering ultrafine PtIr alloy nanoparticles into porous nanobowls via a reactive template-engaged assembly strategy for high-performance electrocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Zhang Zhenbo , Liu Shuyun , Zhou Yudie , Li Jing , Xu Lin , Yang Jun , Pang Huan , Zhang Mingyi , Tang Yawen
Published: March 2024

We demonstrate self-sacrificial templated strategy for the synthesis of hollow and porous PtIr alloyed nanobowls composed of ultrafine nanoparticles and the resulting self-supported Pt7Ir NBs exhibit superior HER performance.
Nanocubic cobalt-containing Prussian blue analogue-derived carbon-coated CoFe alloy nanoparticles for noninvasive uric acid sensing
Authors: Qin Yunting , Xiao Dan , Gao Xilan , Zhang Xicui , Xu Yanxue
Published: March 2024

This work describes an electrochemical sensor for the fast noninvasive detection of uric acid (UA) in saliva.
Genome-wide mapping of G-quadruplex DNA: a step-by-step guide to select the most effective method
Authors: Galli Silvia , Flint Gem , Růžičková Lucie , Di Antonio Marco
Published: March 2024

Overview of the strengths and weaknesses of the current genomics approaches to mapping DNA G-quadruplex structures, facilitating the selection of the most suitable method based on specific needs.
Introduction to ‘Medicinal Chemistry Small Molecule Probes’
Authors: Nixon Gemma , Rahman Khondaker Miraz , Spencer John
Published: March 2024

Gemma Nixon, Khondaker Miraz Rahman and John Spencer introduce the RSC Chemical Biology themed collection on ‘Medicinal Chemistry Small Molecule Probes’.
Crystal growth and spontaneous polarization mechanism of polar metal borate halides: Mn3B7O13Cl
Authors: Li Haodong , Zhang Duo , Guo Jiesen , Wang Qiangqiang , Ma Yuxin , Hao Munan , Wu Yuetong , Meng Fanshu , Liu Tianming , Xu Yibo , Chen Xu , Zhao Changchun , Meng Dezhong , Zheng Zhiyuan , Sun Ruijin
Published: March 2024

High-quality single crystals of Mn3B7O13Cl have been successfully synthesized, to unravel the elusive mechanism behind its spontaneous polarization.
Deconvolution of the X-ray absorption spectrum of trans-1,3-butadiene with resonant Auger spectroscopy
Authors: Holland David M. P. , Suchan Jiří , Janoš Jiří , Bacellar Camila , Leroy Ludmila , Barillot Thomas R. , Longetti Luca , Coreno Marcello , de Simone Monica , Grazioli Cesare , Chergui Majed , Muchová Eva , Ingle Rebecca A.
Published: March 2024

2D Resonant Auger maps showing the site-specific excitations in butadiene.
Reverse intersystem crossing mechanisms in doped triangulenes
Authors: Izu Asier E. , Matxain Jon M. , Casanova David
Published: March 2024

Electronic structure calculations suggest that reverse intersystem crossing in B and N-doped triangulenes can occur via both direct (spin–orbit coupling) and mediated (spin–vibronic coupling) mechanisms.
Three-dimensional electrode characteristics and size/shape flexibility of coaxial-fibers bundled batteries
Authors: Makimura Yoshinari , Okuda Chikaaki , Munekata Toshihisa , Tsukigase Azusa , Oka Hideaki , Saeki Tooru , Morimoto Ryohei , Sasaki Megumi , Nakano Hiroyuki , Itou Yuichi , Mizutani Mamoru , Sasaki Tsuyoshi
Published: March 2024

Coaxial-fibers bundled batteries in which the negative electrode made of carbon fibers, separator and positive electrode are formed in this order from the inside are proposed to be used as a framework and power source for the future applications.
Rapid detection of caffeic acid in food beverages using a non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor based on a Bi2S3/CNF nanocomposite
Authors: Parasuraman Balaji , Chinnapayan SathishKumar , Rangaraju Hariprasath , Paramasivam Shanmugam , Sangaraju Sambasivam , Thangavelu Pazhanivel , Huang Chi-Hsien
Published: March 2024

Synthesizing and fabricating Bi2S3/CNF nanocomposites for non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors.
Linear ether-based highly concentrated electrolytes for Li–sulfur batteries
Authors: Ishikawa Toru , Haga Shohei , Shigenobu Keisuke , Sudoh Taku , Tsuzuki Seiji , Shinoda Wataru , Dokko Kaoru , Watanabe Masayoshi , Ueno Kazuhide
Published: March 2024

Linear ether-based electrolytes show low solubility of the sulfur species, stability towards Li metal and polysulfide nucleophiles. Li–S cells using the lightweight electrolyte demonstrated an energy density exceeding 300 W h kg−1.
Hard carbon derived from Physalis alkekengi L. husks as a stable anode for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Liying , Tinker Henry R. , Wu Yusheng , Lv Jiaqi , Li Laishi , Fang Yingjiao , Wu Yuhan , Xu Yang
Published: March 2024

Physalis alkekengi L. husk-derived hard carbon is firstly investigated as the anode of sodium-ion batteries and demonstrates the great possibility of practical application.
Oxide and 2D TMD semiconductors for 3D DRAM cell transistors
Authors: Hur Jae Seok , Lee Sungsoo , Moon Jiwon , Jung Hang-Gyo , Jeon Jongwook , Yoon Seong Hun , Park Jin-Hong , Jeong Jae Kyeong
Published: March 2024

2D DRAM scaling has reached its limits. Silicon integration encounters cost and performance challenges, thus prompting exploration of alternative materials. This study examines 3D DRAM structures, compares OSs and TMDs, and evaluates their potential.
Cascade growth and performance optimization of a laminated heterointerface based on graphdiyne
Authors: Bai Ling , Liu Jingyi , Zhang Luwei , Wang Ning
Published: March 2024

A laminated heterostructure based on graphdiyne (GDY) is fabricated through a cascade growth strategy, showing improved conductive properties.
Tannic acid induced in situ growth of an underwater superoleophobic ZIF-8 composite membrane for emulsion separation
Authors: Lu Wanyu , Tang Qijin , Cheng Huajing , Li Shudi , Zhou Cailong , Yang Hao
Published: March 2024

Tannic acid induced in situ growth of ZIF-8 crystals on a nylon membrane, creating a multifunctional composite membrane that exhibits remarkable underwater superhydrophobicity and resistance to oil adhesion.
Advances in flame synthesis of nano-scale architectures for chemical, biomolecular, plasmonic, and light sensing
Authors: Abideen Zain Ul , Arifeen Waqas Ul , Tricoli Antonio
Published: March 2024

This review highlights the versatility of flame synthesis in synthesizing advanced nanostructures for enhanced chemical, biomolecular, plasmonic, and light sensing applications.
Strategic design of VO2 encased in N-doped carbon as an efficient electrocatalyst for the nitrogen reduction reaction in neutral and acidic media
Authors: Chhetri Ashis , Biswas Ashmita , Podder Sumana , Dey Ramendra Sundar , Mitra Joyee
Published: March 2024

Strategic design of VO2 encapsulated in N-doped carbon shows efficient electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia under both acidic and neutral pH, with very high faradaic efficiency.
Integration of O2-economised tumour-targeted photosensitive magnetic nanomaterials in the diagnosis and therapy of gastric cancer
Authors: Situ JinRong , Yang Yingying , Zhang Lingle , Yan Hongzhang , Cheng Yingsheng
Published: March 2024

We constructed a targeted drug platform, ACSN/Fe3O4@MSNs-iRGD, that integrates excellent PDT and MRI.
Using feedback loops from computational simulations as resources for sensemaking: a case study from physical chemistry
Authors: Haraldsrud Andreas , Odden Tor Ole B.
Published: March 2024

Sensemaking is an important way of learning and engaging in science. Research has shown that sensemaking activities, such as questioning, hypothesizing, and model building, are pivotal in developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills in science education. This paper investigates the role of computational simulations in facilitating sensemaking in chemistry education, specifically examining how these simulations can sustain the sensemaking process. Through a detailed case study in a physical chemistry course, we explore the interplay between students' real-world experiences, theoretical knowledge, and computational simulations. This analysis reveals that computational simulations, by providing interactive and visual representations of chemical phenomena, can create a conducive environment for sensemaking, where students actively engage in exploring and resolving conceptual uncertainties. Based on these results, we argue that computational tools, when effectively integrated into educational settings, can facilitate sensemaking in science education.
Design enhancement in hydroxide ion conductivity of viologen–bakelite organic frameworks for a flexible rechargeable zinc–air battery
Authors: Rase Deepak , Manna Narugopal , Kushwaha Rinku , Jain Chitvan , Singh Himan Dev , Shekhar Pragalbh , Singh Piyush , Singh Yashraj Kumar , Vaidhyanathan Ramanathan
Published: March 2024

We present robust cationic polymers with controlled mobile hydroxide ions, achieving high ionic conductivity and enhancing the performance of flexible rechargeable zinc-air batteries.
The role of substrates and electrodes in inkjet-printed PEDOT:PSS thermoelectric generators
Authors: Jing Jiang , Chopplet Loup , Battaglini Nicolas , Noël Vincent , Piro Benoît , Leydecker Tim , Wang Zhiming , Mattana Giorgio , Orgiu Emanuele
Published: March 2024

.Conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of inkjet-printed PEDOT:PSS thin films were found to depend on the substrate (polyimide, silicon oxide, glass) and electrode (e-beam evaporated vs. inkjet-printed). The printing direction was also found to strongly impact the thermoelectric power factor.
Fabrication of nanocrystalline high-entropy oxide CoNiFeCrMnOx thin film electrodes by dip-coating for oxygen evolution electrocatalysis
Authors: Wu Qingyang , Alkemper Achim , Lauterbach Stefan , Hofmann Jan P. , Einert Marcus
Published: March 2024

Nanocrystalline high-entropy CoNiFeCrMnOx thin films were prepared by dip-coating and annealing at 400 °C, showing stable oxygen evolution with overpotentials of 258 mV vs. RHE at 10 mA cm−2 over 10 hours in alkaline media.
CRISPRi: a way to integrate iPSC-derived neuronal models
Authors: Franks Sarah N.J. , Heon-Roberts Rachel , Ryan Brent J.
Published: March 2024

The genetic landscape of neurodegenerative diseases encompasses genes affecting multiple cellular pathways which exert effects in an array of neuronal and glial cell-types. Deconvolution of the roles of genes implicated in disease and the effects of disease-associated variants remains a vital step in the understanding of neurodegeneration and the development of therapeutics. Disease modelling using patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has enabled the generation of key cell-types associated with disease whilst maintaining the genomic variants that predispose to neurodegeneration. The use of CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), alongside other CRISPR-perturbations, allows the modelling of the effects of these disease-associated variants or identifying genes which modify disease phenotypes. This review summarises the current applications of CRISPRi in iPSC-derived neuronal models, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-based screens, and discusses the future opportunities for disease modelling, identification of disease risk modifiers and target/drug discovery in neurodegeneration.
A dynamic role for transcription factors in restoring transcription through mitosis
Authors: Budzyński Marek A. , Wong Alexander K.L. , Faghihi Armin , Teves Sheila S.
Published: March 2024

Mitosis involves intricate steps, such as DNA condensation, nuclear membrane disassembly, and phosphorylation cascades that temporarily halt gene transcription. Despite this disruption, daughter cells remarkably retain the parent cell's gene expression pattern, allowing for efficient transcriptional memory after division. Early studies in mammalian cells suggested that transcription factors (TFs) mark genes for swift reactivation, a phenomenon termed ‘mitotic bookmarking’, but conflicting data emerged regarding TF presence on mitotic chromosomes. Recent advancements in live-cell imaging and fixation-free genomics challenge the conventional belief in universal formaldehyde fixation, revealing dynamic TF interactions during mitosis. Here, we review recent studies that provide examples of at least four modes of TF–DNA interaction during mitosis and the molecular mechanisms that govern these interactions. Additionally, we explore the impact of these interactions on transcription initiation post-mitosis. Taken together, these recent studies call for a paradigm shift toward a dynamic model of TF behavior during mitosis, underscoring the need for incorporating dynamics in mechanistic models for re-establishing transcription post-mitosis.
Emerging mechanisms in the redox regulation of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly and function
Authors: Povea-Cabello Suleva , Brischigliaro Michele , Fernández-Vizarra Erika
Published: March 2024

In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria perform cellular respiration through a series of redox reactions ultimately reducing molecular oxygen to water. The system responsible for this process is the respiratory chain or electron transport system (ETS) composed of complexes I–IV. Due to its function, the ETS is the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), generating them on both sides of the mitochondrial inner membrane, i.e. the intermembrane space (IMS) and the matrix. A correct balance between ROS generation and scavenging is important for keeping the cellular redox homeostasis and other important aspects of cellular physiology. However, ROS generated in the mitochondria are important signaling molecules regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and function. The IMS contains a large number of redox sensing proteins, containing specific Cys-rich domains, that are involved in ETS complex biogenesis. The large majority of these proteins function as cytochrome c oxidase (COX) assembly factors, mainly for the handling of copper ions necessary for the formation of the redox reactive catalytic centers. A particular case of ROS-regulated COX assembly factor is COA8, whose intramitochondrial levels are increased by oxidative stress, promoting COX assembly and/or protecting the enzyme from oxidative damage. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge concerning the role played by ROS in regulating mitochondrial activity and biogenesis, focusing on the COX enzyme and with a special emphasis on the functional role exerted by the redox sensitive Cys residues contained in the COX assembly factors.
A partial energy current‐sharing method for interleaved LLC converter with phase shift current balance module
Authors: Chen Hui , Ren Guohai , Yao Lihai
Published: March 2024

A partial energy current‐sharing method for an interleaved LLC resonant converter with a phase shift current balance module (CBM) is presented in this paper. The current sharing is achieved by controlling the phase shift angle of the bridge in the CBM. The proposed method maintains excellent soft‐switching performance, minimizes power losses, and ensures high overall efficiency as only partial energy is processed. This method simplifies current sharing in the resonant converter by using phase shift control, making it easy to implement and extend to multiple phases. A 500‐kHz two‐phase interleaved LLC prototype was built to validate the effectiveness of this method in achieving current balancing.
Periodicity from X-ray sources within the inner Galactic disk
Authors: Mondal Samaresh , Ponti Gabriele , Bao Tong , Haberl Frank , Campana Sergio , Hailey Charles J. , Mandel Shifra , Mereghetti Sandro , Mori Kaya , Morris Mark R. , Rea Nanda , Sidoli Lara
Published: March 2024

Aims. For many years it had been claimed that the Galactic ridge X-ray emission at the Galactic Center (GC) is truly diffuse in nature. However, with the advancement of modern X-ray satellites, it has been found that most of the diffuse emission actually comprises thousands of previously unresolved X-ray point sources. Furthermore, many studies suggest that a vast majority of these X-ray point sources are magnetic cataclysmic variables (CVs) and active binaries. One unambiguous way to identify these magnetic CVs and other sources is by detecting their X-ray periodicity. Therefore, we systematically searched for periodic X-ray sources in the inner Galactic disk, including the GC region.

Methods. We used data from our ongoing XMM-Newton Heritage Survey of the inner Galactic disk (350° ≲l ≲ +7° and −1° ≲b ≲ +1°) plus archival XMM-Newton observations of the GC. We computed the Lomb-Scargle periodogram for the soft (0.2–2 keV), hard (2–10 keV), and total (0.2–10 keV) band light curves to search for periodicities. Furthermore, we modeled the power spectrum using a power-law model to simulate 1000 artificial light curves and estimate the detection significance of the periodicity. We fitted the energy spectra of the sources using a simple power-law model plus three Gaussians, at 6.4, 6.7, and 6.9 keV, for the iron K emission complex.

Results. We detected periodicity in 26 sources. For 14 of them, this is the first discovery of periodicity. For the other 12 sources, we found periods similar to those already known, indicating no significant period evolution. The intermediate polar (IP) type sources display relatively hard spectra compared to polars. We also searched for the Gaia counterparts of the periodic sources to estimate their distances using the Gaia parallax. We found a likely Gaia counterpart for seven sources.

Conclusions. Based on the periodicity, hardness ratio, and the equivalent width of Fe K line emission, we have classified the sources into four categories: IPs, polars, neutron star X-ray binaries, and unknown. Of the 14 sources for which we detect the periodicity for the first time, four are likely IPs, five are likely polars, two are neutron star X-ray binaries, and three are of an unknown nature.
Advanced Nanofiltration Techniques for Efficient Removal of Microplastics from Water: A Review
Authors: Alekhya V , B Swathi , Kumar Ashish , Kumar Ashwani , Jayronia Sonali , Abood Ahmed Salam
Published: March 2024

The growing number of microplastics in water bodies is now recognized as a significant global environmental issue, offering substantial risks to both aquatic ecosystems and human well-being. The present research investigates the progress and application of state-of-the-art nanofiltration techniques to respond to this critical issue. In this an in-depth examination of several different nanofiltration methods, investigating their efficacy, their fundamental mechanisms, and variety in the filtration of microplastics from various water sources. The study covers a variety of materials and membrane layouts, investigating the ways they contribute to improving filtering efficiency and selectivity. Also, the present study analyzes the practical considerations that accompany the implementation of these methodologies, including operational expenditures, scalability potential, and ecological consequences. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the utilization of advanced nanofiltration technologies offers significant promise for solving the issue of microplastic pollution. This shows their potential in protecting the quality of water as well as having a beneficial effect on global environmental sustainability.
Towards Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Exploring Ecofriendly Materials for Green 3D Printing
Authors: Kumar S Vinod , Reddy Uma , Nagpal Amandeep , Kumar Ashwani , Jayronia Sonali , Hussien Raghad Ahmed
Published: March 2024

The area of additive manufacturing, usually referred to as 3D printing, has recently experienced major growth and advancement, leading to dramatic changes across different industries like as healthcare and aerospace. But the issue of environmental sustainability remains to be of extreme significance, considering the significant utilization of resources and production of waste that relates to conventional 3D printing materials and methods. The objective of this research study is to examine the potential and efficacy of environmentally friendly materials in the wider context of 3D printing. This study examines recent advances in sustainable materials, with a focus on analysing their environmental effects, efficacy, and feasibility comparative to conventional equivalent. The research also investigates the implementation of environmentally friendly techniques within the method of additive manufacturing, covering aspects such as obtaining of materials, energy usage, and management of waste. The results of our investigation indicate that making use of environmentally friendly materials, combined with green production techniques, has the potential to considerably decrease the ecological impact of 3D printing. This progress holds promise for furthering the sustainability of additive manufacturing and designing a more sustainable future.
Microstructural characteristics, hardness and tribological behavior of additive manufactured CM247LC nickel super alloy
Authors: Palanisamy Chandramohan , Raman Raghu , Olubambi Peter Apata
Published: March 2024

Nickel superalloy CM247LC was fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and its microstructure, hardness and tribological properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the presence of γ, γ′ and metastable MC carbides. Microstructure revealed cellular structure with fine MC carbides at cell boundaries. Higher hardness of 408 HV was attributed to grain refinement from rapid solidification and strengthening from MC carbides. Wear testing showed lowest wear rate of 1.46x10-9 mm3/m at 10 N load and predominant wear mechanisms were abrasive and adhesive wear. This study recommends LPBF as a promising method for manufacturing CM247LC superalloy for load bearing and tribological applications.
Environmental governance in the development of tourist village based local wisdom
Authors: Hajar Siti , Ramlan  , Saputra Agung
Published: March 2024

Environmental governance in the tourism sector must be developed in an integrated manner through national environmental protection and management policies that are implemented consistently from the center to the regions, including developing the potential of tourist villages in the Pusuk Buhit area, Samosir Regency. The tourism village development program in the Pusuk Buhit area also poses a risk of pollution and environmental damage. This condition is one that can cause the carrying capacity and productivity of the environment to decrease which ultimately becomes a social burden. The aim of this research is to determine the management of the potential of tourist villages in the Pusuk Buhit area through strategic environmental governance in the Samosir area. The method used in this research is a survey and then analyzed using SWOT analysis. This research resulted in the development of the potential for a Tourism Village based on local wisdom in the Pusuk Buhit area. So that it can support more focused and integrated environmental governance and preservation. Structuring and preserving the environment to develop the potential of a tourism village based on local wisdom requires maximum collaboration and interaction, so as to create superior and competitive tourism in Pusuk Buhit, Samosir Regency.
Copper-Catalyzed [4+1] and [4+2] Reactions through Tandem ­Remote Propargylation/Cyclization/Isomerization with an Amine or a Hydrazine
Authors: He Zhi-Tao , Sun Yu-Ze , Lin Guo-Qiang
Published: March 2024

Two novel copper-catalyzed cyclization reactions involving a remote propargylic substitution/cyclization/isomerization cascade are disclosed. Derivatives of the seldomly studied heterocycles thieno[2,3-c]pyrrole and thieno[2,3-d]pyridazine are conveniently synthesized in moderate to good yields from primary amines or arylhydrazines through [4+1] and [4+2] reactions, respectively. Preliminary mechanistic experiments corroborated the occurrence of the designed cascade reactions.
A multi-scale attention residual-based U-Net network for stroke electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Liu Jinzhen , Chen Liming , Xiong Hui , Zhang Liying
Published: March 2024

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT), a non-invasive, radiation-free, and convenient imaging technique, has been widely used in the diagnosis of stroke. However, due to soft-field nonlinearity and the ill-posed inverse problem, EIT images always suffer from low spatial resolution. Therefore, a multi-scale convolutional attention residual-based U-Net (MARU-Net) network is proposed for stroke reconstruction. Based on the U-Net network, a residual module and a multi-scale convolutional attention module are added to the concatenation layer. The multi-scale module extracts feature information of different sizes, the attention module strengthens the useful information, and the residual module improves the performance of the network. Based on the above advantages, the network is used in the EIT system for stroke imaging. Compared with convolutional neural networks and one-dimensional convolutional neural networks, the MARU-Net network has fewer artifacts, and the reconstructed image is clear. At the same time, the reduction of noisy artifacts in the MARU-Net network is verified. The results show that the image correlation coefficient of the reconstructed image with noise is greater than 0.87. Finally, the practicability of the network is verified by a model physics experiment.
The rise and fall of stretched bond errors: Extending the analysis of Perdew–Zunger self-interaction corrections of reaction barrier heights beyond the LSDA
Authors: Singh Yashpal , Peralta Juan E. , Jackson Koblar A.
Published: March 2024

Incorporating self-interaction corrections (SIC) significantly improves chemical reaction barrier height predictions made using density functional theory methods. We present a detailed orbital-by-orbital analysis of these corrections for three semi-local density functional approximations (DFAs) situated on the three lowest rungs of Jacob’s ladder of approximations. The analysis is based on Fermi–Löwdin Orbital Self-Interaction Correction (FLOSIC) calculations performed at several steps along the reaction pathway from the reactants (R) to the transition state (TS) to the products (P) for four representative reactions selected from the BH76 benchmark set. For all three functionals, the major contribution to self-interaction corrections of the barrier heights can be traced to stretched bond orbitals that develop near the TS configuration. The magnitude of the ratio of the self-exchange–correlation energy to the self-Hartree energy (XC/H) for a given orbital is introduced as an indicator of one-electron self-interaction error. XC/H = 1.0 implies that an orbital’s self-exchange–correlation energy exactly cancels its self-Hartree energy and that the orbital, therefore, makes no contribution to the SIC in the FLOSIC scheme. For the practical DFAs studied here, XC/H spans a range of values. The largest values are obtained for stretched or strongly lobed orbitals. We show that significant differences in XC/H for corresponding orbitals in the R, TS, and P configurations can be used to identify the major contributors to the SIC of barrier heights and reaction energies. Based on such comparisons, we suggest that barrier height predictions made using the strongly constrained and appropriately normed meta-generalized gradient approximation may have attained the best accuracy possible for a semi-local functional using the Perdew–Zunger SIC approach.
Continuous strain-mediated perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in epitaxial (111) CoFe2O4 thin films grown on LiTaO3 substrates
Authors: Wang S. , Hu L. , Zhang G. D. , Wei R. H. , Song W. H. , Zhu X. B. , Sun Y. P.
Published: March 2024

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in magnetic thin films has attracted much attention due to its potential applications in spintronics devices. Here, we report the continuous strain-mediated PMA in epitaxial (111) CoFe2O4 (CFO) thin films grown on (0001) LiTaO3 substrates. A large variation in lattice strain (∼0.9%) in a continuous way is realized in the CFO thin films by changing substrate temperature during deposition due to the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient between CFO and LiTaO3. As a result, the PMA of the (111) CFO thin films can be continuously mediated by the strain with uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy in the range of 0.12-14.69×106 erg/cm3. Furthermore, the strain as well as the consequent PMA in the (111) CFO thin films can be maintained within the thickness of 25–205 nm, which is consistent with the scenario of the magnetoelastic effect. Our results reveal that the CFO/LiTaO3 system can be regarded as an ideal platform to realize robust PMA and its continuous strain tuning in the (111) CFO thin films by virtue of strain-induced magnetic anisotropy.
Particle injection methods in 3D-PIC MCC simulations applied to plasma grid biasing
Authors: Lindqvist M. , Wünderlich D. , Mochalskyy S. , den Harder Niek , Revel A. , Minea T. , Fantz U.
Published: March 2024

In negative ion sources for the ITER Neutral Beam Injection system, the co-extraction of electrons is one of the main limiting factors. The current of co-extracted electrons can be decreased by applying a positive bias voltage to the Plasma Grid (PG) with respect to its source walls. Simulations using three-dimensional Particle-in-Cell Monte Carlo Collision (3D-PIC MCC) model are a powerful tool for studying the extraction region of such ion sources. However, the inclusion of both PG and source walls in the simulation domain is difficult due to numerical constraints. This study uses the 3D-PIC MCC code ONIX to explore the effects of particle injection models on plasma characteristics, using a flux injection model to regulate particle influx for a flat transition in potential from the bulk plasma to the simulation domain. Biasing of the PG above floating potential is possible using the flux injection scheme and results in a notable reduction in co-extracted electrons, corroborating with established experimental observations.
A comprehensive review on the modeling of tropical cyclone boundary layer wind field
Authors: Chang Yu , Wang Jiayao , Li Sunwei , Chan P. W.
Published: March 2024

Tropical cyclone (TC) wind field models are becoming increasingly sophisticated and complex. This review systematically discusses a range of models capable of simulating TCs in terms of modifications or simplifications of the governing equation, the Navier–Stokes equations, as a starting point. The discussion focuses on linear models, which include slab models, height-resolving models, and numerical simulation methods, respectively. The linear model offers quick calculations and insights into physical mechanisms, while slab models have limitations in capturing important processes and site conditions. The height-resolving model is widely used for Monte Carlo simulations, providing realistic three-dimensional wind structures. Nonlinear simulations yield reliable results for typhoon trajectory prediction, although they require specific boundary and initial conditions. Integration of nonlinear simulation with artificial intelligence and machine learning shows promise for faster typhoon prediction. However, challenges remain in terms of data training for machine learning models. Future advancements in these areas have the potential to enhance hazard assessment and weather forecasting.
The improved backward compatible physics-informed neural networks for reducing error accumulation and applications in data-driven higher-order rogue waves
Authors: Lin Shuning , Chen Yong
Published: March 2024

Due to the dynamic characteristics of instantaneity and steepness, employing domain decomposition techniques for simulating rogue wave solutions is highly appropriate. Wherein, the backward compatible physics-informed neural network (bc-PINN) is a temporally sequential scheme to solve PDEs over successive time segments while satisfying all previously obtained solutions. In this work, we propose improvements to the original bc-PINN algorithm in two aspects based on the characteristics of error propagation. One is to modify the loss term for ensuring backward compatibility by selecting the earliest learned solution for each sub-domain as pseudo-reference solution. The other is to adopt the concatenation of solutions obtained from individual subnetworks as the final form of the predicted solution. The improved backward compatible PINN (Ibc-PINN) is applied to study data-driven higher-order rogue waves for the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation and the AB system to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages. Transfer learning and initial condition guided learning (ICGL) techniques are also utilized to accelerate the training. Moreover, the error analysis is conducted on each sub-domain, and it turns out that the slowdown of Ibc-PINN in error accumulation speed can yield greater advantages in accuracy. In short, numerical results fully indicate that Ibc-PINN significantly outperforms bc-PINN in terms of accuracy and stability without sacrificing efficiency.
Evolution of solid-in-hollow structured plasma bullet: Modulated by pulse repetition frequency and rising time
Authors: Peng Dingyuan , Fu Yongqiang , Zhang Ruobing , Wang Liming
Published: March 2024

Plasma bullets in atmospheric pressure plasma jets have drawn much scholarly attention in the past decade, especially its shape. This Letter reports the formation and evolution mechanism of a solid-in-hollow structured bullet. At high pulse repetition frequency (≥20 kHz) and long rising time (≥200 ns), the traditional hollow ring bullet turns into the solid-in-hollow structure, and the plasma plume correspondingly appears as a purple external plume with an extra internal filamentary red core under bare eyes. An image process method based on color recognition and decoupling is designed to separate the images of the external plume and the internal filamentary core and is then used to analyze the discharge mechanism together with the intensified charge-coupled device imaging and spectrum measurement. Analyses reveal that the dominant ionization sources for external ring and internal core are N2 and He, respectively, and the internal discharge can be enhanced by increasing the pulse repetition frequency, which might be explained by the electron oscillating heating in high frequency. Finally, the evolution mechanism of the internal filamentary core is studied, and the internal discharge is initially a hollow ring as well when it just exits the tube end, making the bullet a hollow-in-hollow structure, but quickly contracts into a solid core due to the Coulomb repulsion between the two plasma rings.