bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feminist Criticism of Latin American Literature: Bibliographic Notes
Authors: Lindstrom Naomi
Published: October 2022

Recent years have witnessed a massive resurgence of interest in the question of socially determined sex roles. Investigators, both rigorous and popular-essayistic, have inquired into the ways in which society regulates which attitudes and behaviors are appropriate to men and which to women. There have been widespread expressions of dissatisfaction with the excessive constraints inherent in the traditional female role, along with numerous proposals for affording women greater freedom. The consideration of this set of related issues might most accurately be described as the critical questioning of sex roles, but it is generally referred to as feminism.
The Economic Cycle in Latin American Agricultural Export Economies (1880–1930): A Hypothesis for Investigation
Authors: Brignoli Héctor Pérez
Published: October 2022

Most economic historians are probably familiar with Ernest Labrousse's model of the “Crisis of the Old Regime,” although it remains largely unknown to economists, sociologists, and other specialists in the social sciences. Yet Pierre Vilar feels that it is one of Labrousse's most important contributions to the “development of a science of history,” and considers that as an “instrument of analysis,” it can shed light not only on the “old style” crises of Western Europe but also on many essential aspects of the agrarian history of “underdeveloped” countries. We do not mean that contemporary “underdevelopment” and the “economy of the old regime” are one and the same. Rather, our intent is only to emphasize with Vilar that the “historical roles played in most of the world by meteorological abnormalities and agricultural cycles in the recent past have not been subjected to sufficiently methodological and reasoned study.”
The Participation of Women in Economic Activity in Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay: A Comparative Study
Authors: Wainerman Catalina H. , Sautu Ruth , Recchini de Lattes Zulma
Published: October 2022

Sex has been and continues to be one of the most important elements that differentiates the functions performed by members of society, particularly those related to the social division of work. From a strictly biological perspective, the primary difference between men and women lies in the fact that, during specific periods of the life cycle, women direct a considerable part of their energy to the reproduction of the species. Beyond this difference, the physical and intellectual capacities of men and women are relatively similar. Nevertheless, it is a general fact that the levels of male and female participation differ extensively.
The Female Labor Force in Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay
Authors: Sautu Ruth
Published: October 2022

The objective of this essay is to suggest an interpretation of the economic behavior of women in three developing economies; this involves an evaluation of the role of the sociodemographic determinants of the female labor supply vis-à-vis the role of the variables that affect the demand for their labor. A comparative study of the female labor force in Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay constitutes the basic source of empirical evidence for this paper; the purpose here is to integrate into a more general framework some of the findings of that study and infer more general propositions regarding the patterns of female employment in structurally heterogeneous economies.
The New Profile of Peruvian History
Authors: Bonilla Heraclio
Published: October 2022

In the last decade in Peru, there have been substantive changes in thinking about Peruvian history and society. Although this change is visible in all the social sciences, in a special way economic analysis and historical investigation have made some important gains. Economics no longer consists, in the works of its better adherents, of vague meditations or the crude accounting of a druggist; and historical studies are also finally beginning to reach a minimal level of seriousness. Once the end product of only a few particularly lucid minds, the concept that we have today of history and the work of the historian is now shared by a much larger group. It is interesting, therefore, to see where these changes have been made, not only because of the academic necessity of giving a correct accounting, but also because the outlines of this new consciousness of its past that Peruvian society is acquiring need to be underscored. The study of history in Peru, more than any other social science, is part of the continual struggle to redraw the past of Peruvian society and to destroy the collective amnesia of the masses. These two objectives have always been sought but only now are they being achieved by works of indisputable rigor.
A Micro-Political Explanation of the 1979 Nicaraguan Revolution
Authors: Cuzán Alfred G. , Heggen Richard J.
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a tentative explanation of the 1979 Nicaraguan revolution using a “micro-political” model of political profit, governmental efficiency, and political stability applied to data on the history of Somoza's fall. The revolution is explained as the outcome of a loss of stability by a government that attempted to control a greater share of the resources of the nation than its capabilities to persuade and coerce the population would allow. The initial results of the model, though preliminary, permit us to raise some important questions about the future of Nicaragua's political economy.
Utilizing French Sources in Paris for Latin American Historical Research
Authors: Reber Vera Blinn
Published: October 2022

Latin American historical research in France is limited, although interest is increasing. The evidence of this is readily apparent. For instance, the proposed book, Guide des sources de l'histoire de l'Amérique Latine conservées en France is still in draft and more than ten years behind schedule. An examination of articles on Latin America in French journals indicates the limited use of sources available in France. The National Archives receives only a few requests for archival searches, its files indicating only three such requests on the topic South America (Amérique du Sud). These include inqueries for materials on commerce between France and Latin America in the first half of the nineteenth century, sources for steamship packet-boats to America in the nineteenth century, and Anglo-French diplomatic relations with Latin America, 1836–48. There were no search requests for Brazil or Argentina, but six for Mexico. Yet archival sources of information about Latin America in France are abundant and provide materials not available elsewhere. This is particularly true for material on the former French colonies and on Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico.
Cordel and Canção in Today's Brazil
Authors: Slater Candace
Published: October 2022

In the open-air markets of Northeast Brazil, folk poets still sell the stories in verse called folhetos or literatura de cordel, which came to Brazil from Portugal almost five centuries ago. Until only about a hundred years ago, most cordel stories found in the Northeast originated either in Portugal or Rio de Janeiro. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, however, Northeastern poets began publishing large numbers of booklets with a distinctly regional flavor. These authors would then suspend their verses along strings for display in local marketplaces, chanting one or another story out loud in an effort to attract potential customers. Although the tales were known to rich and poor alike, the great majority of the poet's customers were always associated with subsistence agriculture. These persons, who were often illiterate, might choose a story on the basis of the poet's oral presentation or an appealing cover illustration. They would then take home their purchases to a friend or relative who would read aloud the tale for the group.
Toward Dependency and Revolution: The Political Economy of Cuba between Wars, 1878–1895
Authors: Pérez Louis A.
Published: October 2022

Historiographical advances in recent decades have emphasized increasingly the twentieth-century sources of American hegemony in Cuba. Two specific periods have served as the focus of these arguments: the years of the military occupation (1899-1902) and the decades of the Plattist republic, namely those years when Cuba was linked to the United States by virtue of the Permanent and Reciprocity treaties (1903-34). During these years, Cuban dependency certainly deepened and the character of the island acquired its definitive features as a client state. These twentieth-century developments, however, originated in nineteenth-century antecedents that contributed decisively to shaping events after 1895.
Research on Black Themes in Spanish American Literature: A Bibliographic Guide to Recent Trends
Authors: Jackson Richard L.
Published: October 2022

Frederick P. Bowser has observed that: “Literature is perhaps as precise a way as any other to determine the attitudes held by racial groups toward each other, but for Spanish America very little systematic investigation has been done in this regard.” This field of investigation now is somewhat better off than the handful of items he mentioned would suggest. Most of this research has been carried out in the last ten years as an increasing number of scholars are realizing that blacks have participated integrally throughout the literary history of Spanish America, both as characters and as authors, and that unlimited possibilities exist for research on black themes in Spanish American literature in general and on Afro-Spanish American literary expression in particular.
The Closeness of Elections in Latin America
Authors: Needler Martin C.
Published: October 2022

One of the curious features of recent Latin American politics has been the closeness of the results of presidential elections. As shown by tables 1 and 2, the median gap between the two principal contenders in presidential elections taking place around 1970 was 4.93 percent, compared to 15.39 percent in elections taking place around 1950. Over half of the 1970 elections resulted in a smaller winning margin than the smallest such margin around 1950.
The Theory of Sectoral Clashes
Authors: Mamalakis Markos J.
Published: October 2022

Economic development in Latin America has been explained largely in terms of the Economic Commission for Latin America school (ECLA) dominated by Raúl Prebisch. According to this school, “outward orientation” of the periphery, was the key characteristic of Latin America before 1930. The growth pattern was determined by the fortunes of the export sector (including the terms of trade) and its linkages with the developed Center. Since 1930, the massive import substitution policies undertaken by the periphery has led to a new phase of “inward orientation” where the strategic role of promoting growth has been played by the linkage-rich industry. Both growth and inflation have been explained in terms of the institutionalist “structuralist” school which has emphasized bottlenecks related to the land tenure system, market imperfections and deficiencies (both domestic and external), and to a lesser degree to the savings patterns of people (where the demonstration effect, income distribution and the taxation system play pivotal roles).
Soviet Historiography of the Latin American Countries
Authors: Al'perovich M. S.
Published: October 2022

Inasmuch as Scientific Criticism and Polemic are of the Greatest significance for the development of every branch of historical science, including, of course, the study of Latin America, I should like to offer a few thoughts on this subject.

Soviet historians of Latin America, just as scholars in other fields, attach great significance to the views of specialists everywhere-be they their colleagues in the USSR or abroad; be they Marxists or non-Marxists. Even if we hold different philosophical and methodological positions than our opponents, we are always ready to lend an attentive ear to critical observations. Disagreement with the world view or general historical conception of one or another of our foreign critics by no means prevents us from recognizing the correctness of his views on given problems, provided that the viewpoint in question is convincingly argued and scientificallydemonstrated. Even though we reject any questioning of the basic conceptions advanced by us, we are still able to accept admonitions and to seek a kernel of reason in otherwise totally inadmissible criticisms.
On Methodology and the Use of Historical Statistics
Authors: Wilkie James W.
Published: October 2022

In Raising Questions Concerning Methodology in My Book, The Mexican Revolution: Federal Expenditure and Social Change Since 1910, Professors Thomas E. Skidmore and Peter H. Smith have offered a reminder that statistics “do not speak for themselves.” The authors of “Notes on Quantitative History” are to be commended for undertaking a lengthy article examining some long-standing problems which historians face in attempting to understand the Latin American past.
Methodological Problems in the Study of Political Leadership in Latin America
Authors: Welsh William A.
Published: October 2022

The Study of Political Leadership is Important for an Understanding of any society. Political leaders participate in, or influence the making of, decisions that allocate resources within and among social units. These acts of choice constitute the major component of the governing process. It seems obvious, then, that an understanding of any social order rests fundamentally on a systematic grasp of the background attributes, careers, value and issue orientations, behaviors and environmental context of political leaders.
Religion and Social Change in Latin America
Authors: Drekonja Gerhard
Published: October 2022

The Central Working Document for the Latin American Bishops' Conference, which met in the summer of 1968, in the industrial city of Medellín, after the Eucharistic Congress in Bogotá, mentioned in its introduction neither pastoral nor theological questions. It began with a matter-of-fact analysis of Latin American reality, discussed the underdevelopment of the subcontinent in sociological terms, and demanded finally a commitment from the Church to the social problems of hunger and misery, which the document stated are the urgent questions upon whose solution the future of Latin America depends. Hesitation on the part of the Church to do its share in creating a more free, more just, and more humane society would be tantamount to being in the state of mortal sin.
The Archivo Nacional in Asuncion, Paraguay
Authors: Williams John Hoyt
Published: October 2022

The Archivo Nacional in Asuncion, Paraguay, is virtually unknown to historians of Latin America in the United States, despite the richness of its holdings on Paraguayan and Platine history. Few North American scholars have used the archive, and there is very little in print, either in English or Spanish, that can acquaint one with what documentation is available. The present writer, despite his efforts to learn as much about the archive as possible before his own extended research visit there in 1968, arrived in Asunción with little idea of what was available, how the archive was organized, or the extent and sheer mass of material awaiting him.
The Social History of Colonial Spanish America: Evolution and Potential
Authors: Lockhart James
Published: October 2022

“Social History” should be readily definable as the study of historical phenomena which transcend the individual and manifest themselves in human groups. But such a definition includes almost all meaningful history; it seems to fit precisely those political and institutional studies to which social history is ordinarily contrasted. Since our main concern here is with practical historiography rather than with questions of genre, I will simply indicate through description and elimination the kind of history I mean.
Research in the Spanish Borderlands: Alabama
Authors: Holmes Jack D. L.
Published: October 2022

When One Examines the Research and Writing on Spanish Colonial Alabama, 1780-1813, it is possible to conclude that this area has received the least emphasis of all Spanish Borderlands. This is unfortunate because there are tens of thousands of original sources extant. As the director of a University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa research project, which began in 1966, Holmes collected some 20,000 pages of documents from Sevilla and Simancas on microfilm. The so-called “Holmes Collection” has been copied for several libraries in the Southeast, including Alabama, Auburn, Florida, West Florida and Tulane universities. A brief description of the twenty-nine reels appears in Coker and Holmes (1971).
The Cuban Revolution: The Road to Power
Authors: Suárez Andrés
Published: October 2022

The Prevalent Theory of Revolution—After Restricting the Dimensions of the phenomenon under study to only one aspect, that ending with the seizure of power—distinguishes between preconditions and precipitants. Preconditions are “the crucial concern of men of affairs….” Precipitants, “by their very nature,” are ephemeral phenomena and cannot be anticipated. The conservative bias of this elaboration is obvious. By definition revolution is subsumed into the category of “civil strife,” thus eliminating all those phases of the process potentially as creative as the one following the seizure of power. Theoretical relevance, then, is assigned only to those elements of the phenomenon susceptible of preventive treatment—the preconditions. Finally, the events able to unleash the revolutionary process are relegated to the conditions of accidents—“they only happen”—and, consequently, are disregarded.
Songs of tractors and submission: on the assembled politicity of popular music and far-right populism in Austria
Authors: Doehring André , Ginkel Kai
Published: October 2022

Our article addresses the connection between popular music and far-right populism, as exemplified by the Freedom Party of Austria (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, FPÖ). We discuss the specific mainstreaming and normalizing potential of popular music for far-right populist politics, by means of songs that do not qualify as political or politicized music in the sense of carrying a clear political message. We introduce a multi-step methodology that addresses performative aspects of actual situations of reception (fieldwork) and in-depth analyses of the music and its affordances (group analysis). Based on this approach, we argue that these ambivalent, sometimes even contradictory musical performances take on a life of their own within a specific arrangement that we will term anassembled politicity, in the sense of a political potential activated through situational arrangements. In this way, the FPÖ's musical programme affords far-right populist interpretations through music that appears to be unsuspicious.
Variational inference as iterative projection in a Bayesian Hilbert space with application to robotic state estimation
Authors: Barfoot Timothy D. , D’Eleuterio Gabriele M. T.
Published: October 2022

Variational Bayesian inference is an important machine learning tool that finds application from statistics to robotics. The goal is to find an approximate probability density function (PDF) from a chosen family that is in some sense “closest” to the full Bayesian posterior. Closeness is typically defined through the selection of an appropriate loss functional such as the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. In this paper, we explore a new formulation of variational inference by exploiting the fact that (most) PDFs are members of a Bayesian Hilbert space under careful definitions of vector addition, scalar multiplication, and an inner product. We show that, under the right conditions, variational inference based on KL divergence can amount to iterative projection, in the Euclidean sense, of the Bayesian posterior onto a subspace corresponding to the selected approximation family. We work through the details of this general framework for the specific case of the Gaussian approximation family and show the equivalence to another Gaussian variational inference approach. We furthermore discuss the implications for systems that exhibit sparsity, which is handled naturally in Bayesian space, and give an example of a high-dimensional robotic state estimation problem that can be handled as a result. We provide some preliminary examples of how the approach could be applied to non-Gaussian inference and discuss the limitations of the approach in detail to encourage follow-on work along these lines.
Are Tp-e interval and QT dispersion values important in children with coeliac disease?
Authors: Birinci Hakan , Yolcu Canan , Dogan Guzide , Basaran Meryem K. , Elevli Murat
Published: October 2022

Objectives:

Coeliac disease is an autoimmune intestinal disease that develops with permanent intolerance to gluten and similar cereal proteins. It can damage to many tissues, including myocardium, by autoimmune mechanisms. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effect of coeliac disease on cardiac electrical activity by comparing the Tp-e interval and Qt dispersion values of coeliac patients with healthy children.

Methods:

Fifty-seven coeliac patients and 57 healthy children were included in the study. Sociodemographic findings, physical examinations, symptoms, laboratory values, dietary compliance, endoscopy, and pathological findings were recorded into a standardised form. Electrocardiogram parameters were calculated, and echocardiography findings were noted.

Results:

No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of age, gender, heart rate, electrocardiogram parameters such as p wave, PR interval, QRS complex, QT interval, and QTc values. Tp-e interval, Tp-e / QT ratio, and Tp-e / QTc ratio were statistically significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group. Ejection fraction and fractional shortening values were significantly lower in the patient group compared to the control group. In the patient group, Tp-e interval, Tp-e / QT ratio, Tp-e / QTc ratio, and QTc dispersion were statistically significantly higher in patients with tissue transglutaminase IgA positive compared to patients with tissue transglutaminase IgA negative.

Conclusion:

Our study gives important findings in terms of detecting early signs of future cardiovascular events in childhood age group coeliac patients.
Control of pervasive row crop weeds with dicamba and glufosinate applied alone, mixed, or sequentially
Authors: Jones Eric A. L. , Leon Ramon G. , Everman Wesley J.
Published: October 2022

Dicamba and glufosinate are among the few effective postemergence herbicides to control multiple herbicide-resistant weeds in southeastern U.S. cotton and soybean production. Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of weed size and the application of dicamba and glufosinate individually, mixed, or sequentially on common ragweed, goosegrass, large crabgrass, ivyleaf morningglory, Palmer amaranth, and sicklepod control. Sequential herbicide treatments were applied 7 d after the initial treatment. The tested weeds sizes predominantly did not affect weed control. Control of broadleaf weed species with sequential herbicide applications never increased compared to the initial herbicide application. Two applications of glufosinate and/or dicamba + glufosinate controlled grasses better than one application. The order of the herbicides in the sequential applications did not affect broadleaf species control, whereas herbicide order was important for the control of grass weeds. Grass weed control was higher when glufosinate was applied before dicamba. Dicamba + glufosinate additively controlled the weeds, except for goosegrass, for which control was less for dicamba + glufosinate compared to glufosinate alone. The results of the experiment provide evidence that dicamba and glufosinate applied individually, mixed, and sequentially are effective on common row crop weeds found in the southeastern United States, but the species present may dictate how the herbicides are applied together.
Narrow-row soybean and a cereal rye cover crop suppress glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis)
Authors: Fisher Justine L. , Sprague Christy L.
Published: October 2022

Alternative strategies are needed for management of glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed in soybean. Integrating a cereal rye cover crop with soybean planted in narrow rows may improve control and reduce herbicide selection pressure for herbicide-resistant horseweed biotypes. Four site-years of experiments were conducted in Michigan to determine whether fall-planted cereal rye terminated with glyphosate 1 wk prior to (early termination) or 1 wk after (planting green) planting in combination with narrow-row soybean improved GR horseweed management. At postemergence (POST) herbicide application, horseweed biomass was reduced by 71% to 90% when soybean was planted into cereal rye, regardless of termination time, compared with no cover across all row widths. Planting green or narrow-row soybean suppressed horseweed through soybean harvest. When glyphosate was applied POST (noneffective), horseweed biomass was 36% to 46% lower when planting green compared with early terminated cereal rye and no cover. Similarly, planting soybean in 19- and 38-cm rows reduced horseweed biomass by 48% and 28%, respectively, compared with 76-cm rows. Cereal rye did not affect soybean yield pooled over 3 of 4 site-years; however, narrow row soybean yielded 11% to 18% higher than 76-cm rows. Soybean yield was 11% higher when an effective POST herbicide was applied. In conclusion, fall-seeded cereal rye or narrow-row soybean suppressed horseweed compared with no cover and 76-cm rows; however, the effects of early termination did not last throughout the growing season in most cases. Delaying cover crop termination by planting green reduced horseweed biomass and density through soybean harvest, but reduced yield in 1 site-year due to an increased incidence of white mold. These cultural practices have a positive influence on suppressing horseweed that should be part of an overall horseweed management strategy; however, the use of an effective POST herbicide is still needed for complete season-long horseweed management.
CD36 polymorphism, sugary drinks, and sedentarism are associated with hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype
Authors: Navarro-Rios Dayanara , Panduro Arturo , Roman Sonia , Ramos-Lopez Omar
Published: October 2022

Abstract: Background: The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype is characterized by concomitant increases in waist circumference (WC) and blood triglyceride levels (TG), which have been identified as a predictor of metabolic disorders. This study aimed to analyze associations between food consumption, exercise, and the CD36 gene rs1761667 G>A polymorphism with the HTGW phenotype in adult Mexicans. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 255 participants (both genders, between 18–64 years of age). The HTGW phenotype was defined as WC >88 cm in women, WC >102 cm in men, and TG >150 mg/dL. Body composition was analyzed by electrical bioimpedance. Dietary intakes (macro and micronutrients) were evaluated through a validated 64-item food frequency questionnaire and a 24-h recall. Physical exercise was subjectively recorded asking the participants if they regularly performed some systematic exercise or sport of moderate intensity at least 150–300 minutes a week. Biochemical tests were determined by an automated system. A Taqman real-time assay was used to detect the rs1761667 (G>A) polymorphism of the CD36 gene. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to analyze the variables potentially associated with the HTGW phenotype (adjusted for age, energy intake, and total fat mass). Results: Overall, 21.6% of the population presented the HTGW phenotype; compared to the HTGW−, also, they were older, had more body fat, higher glucose, cholesterol and insulin levels, and high blood pressure. Female sex (OR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.12–7.60, p=0.028), body mass index (OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.07–1.32, p=0.001), total cholesterol (OR=1.01, 95% CI:1.00–1.02, p=0.039), daily consumption of sugary drinks (OR=6.94, 95% CI: 1.80–26.8, p=0.005), and the CD36 AG genotype (OR=3.81, 95% CI: 1.08–13.4, p=0.037) were positively associated with the HTGW phenotype, while performing exercise played a protective role (OR=0.23, 95% CI: 0.08–0.62, p=0.004). Overall, the model predicted the HTGW phenotype in 47% (R2=0.47, p≤0.001). Conclusion: The CD36 AG genotype, daily consumption of sugary drinks and sedentarism are risk factors for the HTGW phenotype in Mexicans.
Intercellular transfer of activated STING triggered by RAB22A-mediated non-canonical autophagy promotes antitumor immunity
Authors: Gao Ying , Zheng Xueping , Chang Boyang , Lin Yujie , Huang Xiaodan , Wang Wen , Ding Shirong , Zhan Weixiang , Wang Shang , Xiao Beibei , Huo Lanqing , Yu Youhui , Chen Yilin , Gong Run , Wu Yuanzhong , Zhang Ruhua , Zhong Li , Wang Xin , Chen Qiuyan , Gao Song , Jiang Zhengfan , Wei Denghui , Kang Tiebang
Published: October 2022

STING, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein, mediates innate immune activation upon cGAMP stimulation and is degraded through autophagy. Here, we report that activated STING could be transferred between cells to promote antitumor immunity, a process triggered by RAB22A-mediated non-canonical autophagy. Mechanistically, RAB22A engages PI4K2A to generate PI4P that recruits the Atg12–Atg5–Atg16L1 complex, inducing the formation of ER-derived RAB22A-mediated non-canonical autophagosome, in which STING activated by agonists or chemoradiotherapy is packaged. This RAB22A-induced autophagosome fuses with RAB22A-positive early endosome, generating a new organelle that we name Rafeesome (RAB22A-mediated non-canonical autophagosome fused with early endosome). Meanwhile, RAB22A inactivates RAB7 to suppress the fusion of Rafeesome with lysosome, thereby enabling the secretion of the inner vesicle of the autophagosome bearing activated STING as a new type of extracellular vesicle that we define as R-EV (RAB22A-induced extracellular vesicle). Activated STING-containing R-EVs induce IFNβ release from recipient cells to the tumor microenvironment, promoting antitumor immunity. Consistently, RAB22A enhances the antitumor effect of the STING agonist diABZI in mice, and a high RAB22A level predicts good survival in nasopharyngeal cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy. Our findings reveal that Rafeesome regulates the intercellular transfer of activated STING to trigger and spread antitumor immunity, and that the inner vesicle of non-canonical autophagosome originated from ER is secreted as R-EV, providing a new perspective for understanding the intercellular communication of organelle membrane proteins.
Morphogen gradient orchestrates pattern-preserving tissue morphogenesis via motility-driven unjamming
Authors: Pinheiro Diana , Kardos Roland , Hannezo Édouard , Heisenberg Carl-Philipp
Published: October 2022

Embryo development requires biochemical signalling to generate patterns of cell fates and active mechanical forces to drive tissue shape changes. However, how these processes are coordinated, and how tissue patterning is preserved despite the cellular flows occurring during morphogenesis, remains poorly understood. Gastrulation is a crucial embryonic stage that involves both patterning and internalization of the mesendoderm germ layer tissue. Here we show that, in zebrafish embryos, a gradient in Nodal signalling orchestrates pattern-preserving internalization movements by triggering a motility-driven unjamming transition. In addition to its role as a morphogen determining embryo patterning, graded Nodal signalling mechanically subdivides the mesendoderm into a small fraction of highly protrusive leader cells, able to autonomously internalize via local unjamming, and less protrusive followers, which need to be pulled inwards by the leaders. The Nodal gradient further enforces a code of preferential adhesion coupling leaders to their immediate followers, resulting in a collective and ordered mode of internalization that preserves mesendoderm patterning. Integrating this dual mechanical role of Nodal signalling into minimal active particle simulations quantitatively predicts both physiological and experimentally perturbed internalization movements. This provides a quantitative framework for how a morphogen-encoded unjamming transition can bidirectionally couple tissue mechanics with patterning during complex three-dimensional morphogenesis.
Automated synapse-level reconstruction of neural circuits in the larval zebrafish brain
Authors: Svara Fabian , Förster Dominique , Kubo Fumi , Januszewski Michał , dal Maschio Marco , Schubert Philipp J. , Kornfeld Jörgen , Wanner Adrian A. , Laurell Eva , Denk Winfried , Baier Herwig
Published: October 2022

Dense reconstruction of synaptic connectivity requires high-resolution electron microscopy images of entire brains and tools to efficiently trace neuronal wires across the volume. To generate such a resource, we sectioned and imaged a larval zebrafish brain by serial block-face electron microscopy at a voxel size of 14 × 14 × 25 nm3. We segmented the resulting dataset with the flood-filling network algorithm, automated the detection of chemical synapses and validated the results by comparisons to transmission electron microscopic images and light-microscopic reconstructions. Neurons and their connections are stored in the form of a queryable and expandable digital address book. We reconstructed a network of 208 neurons involved in visual motion processing, most of them located in the pretectum, which had been functionally characterized in the same specimen by two-photon calcium imaging. Moreover, we mapped all 407 presynaptic and postsynaptic partners of two superficial interneurons in the tectum. The resource developed here serves as a foundation for synaptic-resolution circuit analyses in the zebrafish nervous system.
Generic prediction of exocytosis rate constants by size-based surface energies of nanoparticles and cells
Authors: Lu Bingqing , Wang Jiaqi , Scheepers Paul T. J. , Hendriks A. Jan , Nolte Tom M.
Published: October 2022

Nanotechnology brings benefits in fields such as biomedicine but nanoparticles (NPs) may also have adverse health effects. The effects of surface-modified NPs at the cellular level have major implications for both medicine and toxicology. Semi-empirical and mechanism-based models aid to understand the cellular transport of various NPs and its implications for quantitatively biological exposure while avoiding large-scale experiments. We hypothesized relationships between NPs-cellular elimination, surface functionality and elimination pathways by cells. Surface free energy components were used to characterize the transport of NPs onto membranes and with lipid vesicles, covering both influences by size and hydrophobicity of NPs. The model was built based on properties of neutral NPs and cells, defining Van de Waals forces, electrostatic forces and Lewis acid–base (polar) interactions between NPs and vesicles as well as between vesicles and cell membranes. We yielded a generic model for estimating exocytosis rate constants of various neutral NPs by cells based on the vesicle-transported exocytosis pathways. Our results indicate that most models are well fitted (R2 ranging from 0.61 to 0.98) and may provide good predictions of exocytosis rate constants for NPs with differing surface functionalities (prediction errors are within 2 times for macrophages). Exocytosis rates differ between cancerous cells with metastatic potential and non-cancerous cells. Our model provides a reference for cellular elimination of NPs, and intends for medical applications and risk assessment.
Thermo-optic tuning of silicon nitride microring resonators with low loss non-volatile $$\hbox {Sb}_{2}\hbox {S}_{3}$$ phase change material
Authors: Ilie Stefan T. , Faneca Joaquin , Zeimpekis Ioannis , Bucio Thalía Domínguez , Grabska Katarzyna , Hewak Daniel W. , Chong Harold M. H. , Gardes Frederic Y.
Published: October 2022

A new family of phase change material based on antimony has recently been explored for applications in near-IR tunable photonics due to its wide bandgap, manifested as broadband transparency from visible to NIR wavelengths. Here, we characterize$$\hbox {Sb}_{2} \hbox {S}_{3}$$Sb2S3optically and demonstrate the integration of this phase change material in a silicon nitride platform using a microring resonator that can be thermally tuned using the amorphous and crystalline states of the phase change material, achieving extinction ratios of up to 18 dB in the C-band. We extract the thermo-optic coefficient of the amorphous and crystalline states of the$$\hbox {Sb}_{2}\hbox {S}_{3}$$Sb2S3to be 3.4 x$$10^{-4}\hbox {K}^{-1}$$10-4K-1and 0.1 x 10$$^{-4}\hbox {K}^{-1}$$-4K-1, respectively. Additionally, we detail the first observation of bi-directional shifting for permanent trimming of a non-volatile switch using continuous wave (CW) laser exposure ($$-5.9$$-5.9to 5.1 dBm) with a modulation in effective refractive index ranging from +5.23 x$$10^{-5}$$10-5to$$-1.20$$-1.20x 10$$^{-4}$$-4. This work experimentally verifies optical phase modifications and permanent trimming of$$\hbox {Sb}_{2}\hbox {S}_{3}$$Sb2S3, enabling potential applications such as optically controlled memories and weights for neuromorphic architecture and high density switch matrix using a multi-layer PECVD based photonic integrated circuit.
Mouse tissue glycome atlas 2022 highlights inter-organ variation in major N-glycan profiles
Authors: Otaki Michiru , Hirane Nozomi , Natsume-Kitatani Yayoi , Nogami Itoh Mari , Shindo Masanori , Kurebayashi Yoichi , Nishimura Shin-Ichiro
Published: October 2022

This study presents “mouse tissue glycome atlas” representing the profiles of major N-glycans of mouse glycoproteins that may define their essential functions in the surface glycocalyx of mouse organs/tissues and serum-derived extracellular vesicles (exosomes). Cell surface glycocalyx composed of a variety of N-glycans attached covalently to the membrane proteins, notably characteristic “N-glycosylation patterns” of the glycocalyx, plays a critical role for the regulation of cell differentiation, cell adhesion, homeostatic immune response, and biodistribution of secreted exosomes. Given that the integrity of cell surface glycocalyx correlates significantly with maintenance of the cellular morphology and homeostatic immune functions, dynamic alterations of N-glycosylation patterns in the normal glycocalyx caused by cellular abnormalities may serve as highly sensitive and promising biomarkers. Although it is believed that inter-organs variations in N-glycosylation patterns exist, information of the glycan diversity in mouse organs/tissues remains to be elusive. Here we communicate for the first-time N-glycosylation patterns of 16 mouse organs/tissues, serum, and serum-derived exosomes of Slc:ddY mice using an established solid-phase glycoblotting platform for the rapid, easy, and high throughput MALDI-TOFMS-based quantitative glycomics. The present results elicited occurrence of the organ/tissue-characteristic N-glycosylation patterns that can be discriminated to each other. Basic machine learning analysis using this N-glycome dataset enabled classification between 16 mouse organs/tissues with the highest F1 score (69.7–100%) when neural network algorithm was used. A preliminary examination demonstrated that machine learning analysis of mouse lung N-glycome dataset by random forest algorithm allows for the discrimination of lungs among the different mouse strains such as the outbred mouse Slc:ddY, inbred mouse DBA/2Crslc, and systemic lupus erythematosus model mouse MRL-lpr/lpr with the highest F1 score (74.5–83.8%). Our results strongly implicate importance of “human organ/tissue glycome atlas” for understanding the crucial and diversified roles of glycocalyx determined by the organ/tissue-characteristic N-glycosylation patterns and the discovery research for N-glycome-based disease-specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Comparison of adiposity anthropometric indices and their associations with visceral fat levels determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis among diabetic patients
Authors: Tuglo Lawrence Sena
Published: October 2022

Visceral fat (VF) and its effect on metabolic disorders have been extensively studied; nevertheless, there is a need for a simple and reliable index to equally assess VF in low-resource settings. This multihospital-based study was designed to compare the five adiposity anthropometric indices and their associations with VF levels determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis as the reference standard among diabetic patients. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect anthropometric, biochemical and hemodynamic data from 473 diabetic patients. Regression analysis was performed to determine the associations between the five adiposity anthropometric indices and VF levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to confirm the predictive capacities of the five adiposity anthropometric indices with VF levels. The waist-to-height ratio WHtR showed the greatest ROC value [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.745,p˂0.001] in identifying diabetic patients with high VF levels compared to body mass index BMI [AUC = 0.584,p = 0.047], waist circumference WC [AUC = 0.723,p˂0.001], hip circumference HC [AUC = 0.647,p˂0.001] and waist-to-hip ratio WHR [AUC = 0.711,p˂0.001]. Likewise, the regression analysis of WHtR and VF levels revealed the strongest association [unadjusted odds ratio (UOR) = 21.49,p < 0.001] compared to BMI [UOR = 6.77,p = 0.008], WC [UOR = 6.37,p < 0.001], HC [UOR = 5.93,p = 0.002] and WHR [UOR = 13.17,p < 0.001]. The optimal cut-off values to identify diabetic patients with high VF levels were > 0.5 for WHtR, > 25.7 kg/m2 for BMI, > 80.5 cm for WC, > 95.5 cm for HC and > 0.82 for WHR. WHtR was shown to have overpowered BMI, HC, WC and WHR in identifying diabetic patients with high VF levels. Therefore, the Ghana Health Service could recommend WHtR as a better diagnostic index for assessing VF levels due to its high predictive capacity.
In vitro studies on the selective cytotoxic effect of luminescent Ru(ii)-p-cymene complexes of imidazo-pyridine and imidazo quinoline ligands
Authors: Selvam Pravinkumar , De Sourav , Paira Priyankar , Kumar S. K. Ashok , Kumar R Selva , Moorthy Anbalagan , Ghosh Arjita , Kuo Yung-Chih , Banerjee Subhasis , Jenifer Shantha Kumar
Published: October 2022

In recent years, Ru(ii) complexes have gained high importance in medicinal chemistry due to their significant anti-cancer activities, which are directly related to their DNA binding ability.
Occurrence of slow relaxation of the magnetization in a family of copper(ii)/manganese(ii) quasi-isotropic complexes with different ground spin states
Authors: Pilichos Evangelos , Font-Bardia Mercè , Escuer Albert , Mayans Júlia
Published: October 2022

Polynuclear systems derived from isotropic cations such as MnII also can exhibit slow relaxation of the magnetization: Cu2Mn, Cu3Mn, Cu4Mn2 and Cu4Na2Mn2 are examples with a variety of S ground states.
Combusted-diesel additives containing CeO2 nanomaterials shape methanogenic pathways during sludge digestion and enhance biogas production
Authors: Auffan Mélanie , Kabore Abdoul Karim , Cuny Anais , Amin Ali Oulfat , Barakat Mohammed , Angeletti Bernard , Proux Olivier , Bottero Jean-Yves , Roche Nicolas , Santaella Catherine
Published: October 2022

This study addressed the impact of nanomaterials on anaerobic digestion and biogas production (methanogenesis pathways) when contaminating aerobic sludge is generated during wastewater treatment.
Elucidating the role of multivalency, shape, size and functional group density on antibacterial activity of diversified supramolecular nanostructures enabled by templated assembly
Authors: Sikder Amrita , Pearce Amanda K. , Kumar C. M. Santosh , O’Reilly Rachel K.
Published: October 2022

Supramolecular cationic nanomaterials of diverse nanostructure prepared by templated assembly. Size, shape and cationic group density of the nanomaterials play an important role in antibacterial activity.
Fe/N codoped porous graphitic carbon derived from macadamia shells as an efficient cathode oxygen reduction catalyst in microbial fuel cells
Authors: Ning Haoming , Zhang Zhi , Shi Chunhai , Ma Xiaolei , Li Jian , Zhu Hongyi , Hu Jiawei
Published: October 2022

Fe/N codoped porous graphitic carbon derived from macadamia shells possessed good electrochemical performance as a cathode catalyst in microbial fuel cells.
Visible optical nonlinearity of vanadium dioxide dispersions
Authors: Chen Longlong , Huang Jing , Yi Qian , Liu Dongyang , He Yuan , Li Ning , Feng Yi , Miao Lili , Zhao Chujun
Published: October 2022

The nonlinear optical response and all-optical applications of a vanadium dioxide dispersion have been investigated via the spatial self-phase modulation and spatial cross-phase modulation effects in the visible regime.
Hydrogelation tunability of bioinspired short peptides
Authors: La Manna Sara , Florio Daniele , Panzetta Valeria , Roviello Valentina , Netti Paolo Antonio , Di Natale Concetta , Marasco Daniela
Published: October 2022

The fragment 269–273 of nucleophosmin 1 protein, was investigated in its ability to form hydrogels in four different forms deriving from the partial, absent and complete amidation/acetylation at the extremities of the backbone.
A single-ion-conducting lithium-based montmorillonite interfacial layer for stable lithium–metal batteries
Authors: Zeng Ting , Yan Yu , He Miao , Du Dayue , Wen Xiaojuan , Zhou Bo , Shu Chaozhu
Published: October 2022

A Li-MMT protective layer with high modulus, a high Li+transference number of 0.85 and a considerable ionic conductivity of 5.77 × 10−4S cm−1can promote dendrite-free Li deposition and improve cycling stability over 1300 h for Li metal anodes.
Rehabilitation of Airway Protection in Individuals With Movement Disorders: A Telehealth Feasibility Study
Authors: Sevitz Jordanna S. , Borders James C. , Dakin Avery E. , Kiefer Brianna R. , Alcalay Roy N. , Kuo Sheng-Han , Troche Michelle S.
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

Airway protective deficits (swallowing and cough) greatly reduce health and quality of life and are a pervasive consequence of neurodegenerative movement disorders. Expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) and cough skill training (CST) are two treatment approaches to improve airway protection; however, many patients are unable to access these treatments. Telehealth may improve access to care, but it remains unknown whether these treatments are feasible and efficacious via telehealth. This study aimed to determine the practical feasibility and preliminary treatment effect of EMST and CST via telehealth.

Method:

Twenty participants with movement disorders completed 4 weeks of EMST and 2 weeks of CST, including two clinician-directed treatment sessions via telehealth and 3 days of home practice per week. Feasibility was calculated for each treatment. Practical feasibility was defined as completing treatment (EMST or CST) and obtaining the relevant outcome measures—a proxy of maximum expiratory pressure (pMEP) for EMST and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) for CST—within a 30-min session/period. Session factors that may have influenced feasibility were examined. Preliminary treatment effect was defined as changes in pMEP and PEFR.

Results:

Time taken to obtain pMEP and complete EMST was 17.48 min, and time taken to obtain PEFR and complete CST was 17.69 min. pMEP, single voluntary cough PEFR, and sequential voluntary cough PEFR increased from pre- to posttreatment.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest that the delivery of EMST and CST is feasible via telehealth and yield improvements to pMEP and PEFR. This has important implications for expanding service delivery of airway protective interventions and reducing health care disparities in people with neurodegenerative movement disorders.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21357669