bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflexos das dúas Guerras Mundiais na LIX
Authors: Moreno Escribano Patricia
Published: January 2018

Reseña de la obra:

 

ROIG RECHOU, B. A., SOTO LÓPEZ, I., NEIRA RODRÍGUEZ, M. (COORD). Reflexos das dúas Guerras Mundiais na LIX. Vigo: Edicións Xerais de Galicia, S.A., 2016.

 

El volumen es una recopilación de obras literarias del Marco Ibérico e Iberoamericano, destinadas a niños, adolescentes y jóvenes que reflejan los acontecimientos mundiales: se tratan temas variados como la muerte o la violencia. El ejemplar sirve de guía y orientación para los mediadores de la lectura en la franja de edad que comprende la literatura infantil y juvenil.
Aprender a escribir, Leer para aprender: origen y desarrollo de proyectos para la mejora de la lectura y la escritura en Australia
Authors: Acebedo Claire
Published: January 2018

Este artículo describe las características fundamentales del programa conocido como Leer para aprender (Reading to Learn, R2L), un programa para la mejora de la alfabetización académica y la formación del profesorado basado en los géneros discursivos (Rose, 2014; Rose y Martin, 2012). Los antecedentes del modelo R2L se explican en términos del desarrollo de la Pedagogía del Género (Genre Pedagogy) de la “Escuela de Sídney” a lo largo de tres grandes proyectos de investigación realizados por lingüistas en colaboración con profesores de diferentes niveles educativos en las últimas décadas. El artículo ofrece una visión general de esos tres proyectos y explica la naturaleza explícita de las estrategias del modelo R2L.
Presentación
Authors: García Parejo Isabel , Whittaker Rachel
Published: January 2018

Monográfico: Teoría y práctica del modelo Reading to Learn (Leer para aprender) en contextos educativos transnacionales

El monográfico que proponemos tiene como objetivo presentar las características de la didáctica de los géneros discursivos concretada en el modelo Reading to Learn (R2L) concretada en las propuestas actuales de Rose y Martin (2012). Este modelo considera la lectura como base fundamental de los aprendizajes, entre ellos, el aprendizaje de la escritura de los diferentes géneros discursivos en cada disciplina. A través de los artículos que se recogen en este monográfico, se presenta el origen y desarrollo del modelo en las escuelas de Sidney (Australia) y el modo, teórico y práctico, en que la propuesta R2L llega a Europa y América del Sur.
La ‘pedagogía de los géneros discursivos’ en Grados de Formación del Profesorado: Presentación de dos proyectos de innovación docente
Authors: García Parejo Isabel , Ahern Aoife , García Bermejo Mª Luisa
Published: January 2018

Este trabajo describe las líneas generales y resultados de dos proyectos de innovación docente Géneros y sociedad I y II (nº128 y nº112) desarrollados en la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid entre 2014 y 2017. El objetivo principal de los mismos ha consistido en diseñar e implementar con estudiantes de diferentes grupos de formación del profesorado una serie de secuencias didácticas (SD) para la mejora de las competencias escritas en diferentes géneros, lenguas y áreas disciplinares. Para ello, los estudiantes se han formado en la manera de diseñar SD que sigue el modelo funcional de pedagogía basada en los géneros (genre pedagogy) en su propuesta Reading to Learn (R2L) (Rose y Martin 2012), primero  construyendo un conocimiento compartido acerca de los distintos géneros discursivos, en inglés y en español y, posteriormente, sobre la ‘didáctica de los géneros discursivos’ a través de dos asignaturas: Didáctica de la Lengua y Teaching Literacy in English as a Foreign Language.
Diàspores. Paraules i geografies d’exili
Authors: Salido López José Vicente
Published: January 2018

Reseña de la obra:

 BALLESTER ROCA, JOSEP. Diàspores. Paraules i geografies d'exili. Alzira, Edicions Bromera, 2017
La Internacionalización de la Educación Superior. Perspectivas institucionales, organizativas y éticas
Authors: García Murias Rebeca , Rodríguez Rodríguez Jesús
Published: January 2018

Autores: Elspeth Jones y Sally Brown.

ISBN: 978-84-277-1970-5

Editorial: Narcea, S.A. de ediciones

Año de edición: 2014

Lugar de edición: Madrid

Nº Edición:1ª

Páginas: 218

Idioma: Castellano
Technical note: Influence of feed on image quality of abdominal ultrasonography in New Zealand white kits
Authors: Silva K. G. , Andrade C. , Costa L. B. , Sotomaior C. S.
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of feed change on image quality of ultrasound scanning of the gallbladder, kidney and jejunum in New Zealand White kits. Thirty-nine 35-day-old rabbits were used, distributed into 4 diet groups: C, only commercial feed; CH, commercial feed and hay; C24H, only commercial feed, replaced by hay 24 h before examination; and CH24H, commercial feed and hay, with the commercial feed withdrawn 24 h before the exam. The rabbits received the diet for 42 d (from 35 to 77 d of age) and the ultrasound evaluations were performed on days 56 and 77. Ultrasonographic assessment for image quality focused on the possibility of visualisation and an image quality rating (3 scores: unacceptable, acceptable or excellent) for the gallbladder, kidneys and jejunum. The kidneys were visualised in 100% of animals of all diets and ages. There was no difference in visualisation (P>0.05) of the gallbladder among the animals fed different diets on days 56 and 77. The C24H diet had a higher visualisation possibility (P<0.05) of the jejunum compared to the C and CH diets on day 77. For the image quality score, there was no difference in the studied organs on day 56. However, on day 77, there was a difference for the jejunum (P<0.05), and only the C24H and CH24H diets presented images classified as excellent. In conclusion, the image quality of the kidneys and gallbladder was unaffected by feed, and the jejunum had an improved image quality with the inclusion of hay and without the commercial feed 24 h before the test in New Zealand White rabbits at 77 d of age.
Ginger attenuated di (n-butyl) phthalate-induced reproductive toxicity in pubertal male rabbits
Authors: Oda S. S. , Waheeb R. S.
Published: January 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of di (n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) on reproductive functions in male rabbits and the probable protective role of ginger. Twenty rabbits were divided equally into 4 groups: control group; DBP group (520 mg/kg body weight [BW] DBP orally), DBP+ginger group (520 mg/kg BW DBP and 400 mg/kg BW ginger) and ginger group (400 mg/kg BW ginger orally). Treatments were given three-times/week. After 7 wk of the experiment, DBP induced significant reduction in testis and prostate weights, serum and intratesticular testosterone concentrations, sperm counts both mass and progressive sperm motility and live sperms percentage as well as significant elevation of testicular malondialdehyde compared to control group. No significant changes were detected in epididymal weights, serum FSH and serum LH concentrations and testicular total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in all treated groups. DBP induced considerable histopathological alterations in testis and to minimal extent in epididymis and prostates. Ginger treatment attenuated the significant changes to a certain extent induced by DBP intoxication in male rabbits probably due to its potential to scavenge free radicals.
Surgical Techniques for Dealing with Intraluminal Thrombus of Great Vessels in Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Ramakant Pooja , Dhanda Mallika , Anand Akshay , Vijayant Devenraj , Sonkar Abhinav A , Singh Kul R , Mishra Anand
Published: January 2018

Aim

We aim to define and refine the surgical technique for dealing with intraluminal thrombus of great vessels in advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) to reduce the morbidity.

Background

Venous tumor thrombus from DTC is a rare occurrence with sequelae that cause increased morbidity and early mortality. Management of such patients poses a challenge to surgeons.

Materials and methods

We define the surgical planning and road map for surgical management of advanced DTC with tumor thrombus involving the internal jugular vein (IJV) and superior vena cava (SVC) by sacrificing one IJV and retrieving the thrombus from the SVC by Fogarty catheter. This technique has minimal morbidity with good outcome.

Conclusion

By appropriate planning and meticulous surgical techniques, we can aggressively manage patients of advanced DTC with venous tumor thrombus and reduce the morbidity.

Clinical significance

By surgical techniques leading to complete surgical resections and saving native vital structures, we can aim for successful aggressive surgical management of advanced DTC with venous tumor thrombus.

How to cite this article

Dhanda M, Anand A, Vijayant D, Sonkar AA, Singh KR, Ramakant P, Mishra A. Surgical Techniques for Dealing with Intraluminal Thrombus of Great Vessels in Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma. World J Endoc Surg 2017;9(3):115-117.
Trends in erythemal doses at the Polish Polar Station, Hornsund, Svalbard based on the homogenized measurements (1996–2016) and reconstructed data (1983–1995)
Authors: Krzyścin Janusz W. , Sobolewski Piotr S.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Erythemal daily doses measured at the Polish Polar Station, Hornsund (77°00′ N, 15°33′ E), for the periods 1996–2001 and 2005–2016 are homogenized using yearly calibration constants derived from the comparison of observed doses for cloudless conditions with the corresponding doses calculated by radiative transfer (RT) simulations. Modeled all-sky doses are calculated by the multiplication of cloudless RT doses by the empirical cloud modification factor dependent on the daily sunshine duration. An all-sky model is built using daily erythemal doses measured in the period 2005–2006–2007. The model is verified by comparisons with the 1996–1997–1998 and 2009–2010–2011 measured data. The daily doses since 1983 (beginning of the proxy data) are reconstructed using the all-sky model with the historical data of the column ozone from satellite measurements (SBUV merged ozone data set), the snow depth (for ground albedo estimation), and the observed daily sunshine duration at the site. Trend analyses of the monthly and yearly time series comprised of the reconstructed and observed doses do not reveal a statistically significant trend in the period 1983–2016. The trends based on the observed data only (1996–2001 and 2005–2016) show declining tendency (about −1 % per year) in the monthly mean of daily erythemal doses in May and June, and in the yearly sum of daily erythemal doses. An analysis of sources of the yearly dose variability since 1983 shows that cloud cover changes are a basic driver of the long-term UV changes at the site.
Triple oxygen isotopes indicate urbanization affects sources of nitrate in wet and dry atmospheric deposition
Authors: Nelson David M. , Tsunogai Urumu , Dong Ding , Ohyama Takuya , Komatsu Daisuke D. , Nakagawa Fumiko , Noguchi Izumi , Yamaguchi Takashi
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric nitrate deposition resulting from anthropogenic activities negatively affects human and environmental health. Identifying deposited nitrate that is produced locally vs. that originating from long-distance transport would help inform efforts to mitigate such impacts. However, distinguishing the relative transport distances of atmospheric nitrate in urban areas remains a major challenge since it may be produced locally and/or come from upwind regions. To address this uncertainty we assessed spatiotemporal variation in monthly weighted-average Δ17O and δ15N values of wet and dry nitrate deposition during one year at urban and rural sites along the western coast of the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido, downwind of the East Asian continent. Δ17O values of nitrate in wet deposition at the urban site mirrored those of wet and dry deposition at the rural site, ranging between ~ +22 and +30 ‰ with higher values during winter and lower values in summer, which suggests greater relative importance of oxidation of NO2 by O3 during winter and OH during summer. In contrast, Δ17O values of nitrate in dry deposition at the urban site were lower (+19–+25 ‰) and displayed less distinct seasonal variation. Furthermore, the difference between δ15N values of nitrate in wet and dry nitrate deposition was, on average, 3 ‰ greater at the urban than rural site, and Δ17O and δ15N values were correlated for both forms of deposition at both sites with the exception of dry deposition at the urban site. These results suggest that, relative to nitrate in wet deposition in urban environments and wet and dry deposition in rural environments, nitrate in dry deposition in urban environments forms from relatively greater oxidation of NO by peroxy radicals and/or oxidation of NO2 by OH. Given greater concentrations of peroxy radicals and OH in cities, these results imply that dry nitrate deposition results from local NOx emissions more so than wet deposition, which is transported longer distances. These results illustrate the value of stable isotope data for distinguishing the transport distances and reaction pathways of atmospheric nitrate pollution.
Airborne observations of newly formed boundary layer aerosol
particles under cloudy conditions
Authors: Altstädter Barbara , Platis Andreas , Jähn Michael , Baars Holger , Lückerath Janine , Held Andreas , Lampert Astrid , Bange Jens , Hermann Markus , Wehner Birgit
Published: January 2018

Abstract. This study describes the formation of freshly formed boundary layer aerosol particles under classical called non favourable conditions by the existence of low-level strato cumulus clouds. Airborne measurements for vertical profiling atmospheric boundary layer properties and aerosol particles in the diameter range between 5 nm and 10 μm were repeatedly performed with the unmanned aerial system ALADINA (Application of Light-weight Aircraft for Detecting IN-situ Aerosol) at the research site of TROPOS (Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research) in Melpitz during three seasons between October 2013 and July 2015. More than 100 measurement flights were performed during this period on 23 different days with a total flight duration of 53 h. On 26 % of the measurement days, new particle formation was measured close to the inversion layer and was observed to be transported downwards during short time intervals of cloud gaps. However, the typical banana shape of new particle formation and growth was not seen at ground, only sporadic events appeared with low particle growth rate and thus might not have been classified as NPF by pure surface studies. This presentation focuses on two cases influenced by the passage of a low pressure system and minimal concentrations of SO2 as indicator for precursor gases at ground; I) on April 4, 2014 by east wind and II) on June 21, 2015 under south-west wind. For a closure, an LES-model output was used for the second study in order to derive a full analysis of atmospheric boundary layer growth over the measurement site at small-scale with high spatial resolution. Pronounced turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat in the vertical distribution initiated fast mixing processes of freshly formed boundary layer aerosol. Furthermore, CO2 and particle fluxes indicated downward transport and high deposition during sporadic nucleation events, so that NPF occurrence above with subsequent downward transport was clearly identified.
Insights into the diurnal cycle of global Earth outgoing radiation using a numerical weather prediction model
Authors: Gristey Jake J. , Chiu J. Christine , Gurney Robert J. , Morcrette Cyril J. , Hill Peter G. , Russell Jacqueline E. , Brindley Helen E.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. A globally-complete, high-temporal resolution and multiple-variable approach is employed to analyse the diurnal cycle of Earth’s outgoing energy flows. This is made possible via the use of Met Office model output for September 2010 that is assessed alongside regional satellite observations throughout. Principal component analysis applied to the longwave component of modelled outgoing radiation reveals dominant diurnal patterns related to land surface heating and convective cloud development, respectively explaining 68.5 % and 16.0 % of the variance at the global scale. The total variance explained by these first two patterns is markedly less than previous regional estimates from observations, and this analysis suggests that around half of the difference relates to the lack of global coverage in the observations. The first pattern is strongly and simultaneously coupled to the land surface temperature diurnal variations. The second pattern is strongly coupled to the cloud water content and height diurnal variations, but lags the cloud variations by several hours. We suggest that the mechanism controlling the delay is a moistening of the upper troposphere due to the evaporation of anvil cloud. The shortwave component of modelled outgoing radiation, analysed in terms of albedo, exhibits a very dominant pattern explaining 88.4 % of the variance that is related to the angle of incoming solar radiation, and a second pattern explaining 6.7 % of the variance that is related to compensating effects from convective cloud development and marine stratocumulus cloud dissipation. Similar patterns are found to exist in regional satellite observations. The first pattern is controlled by changes in surface and cloud albedo, and Rayleigh and aerosol scattering. The second pattern is strongly coupled to the diurnal variations in both cloud water content and height in convective regions but only cloud water content in marine stratocumulus regions, with substantially shorter lag times compared with the longwave counterpart. This indicates that the shortwave radiation response to diurnal cloud development and dissipation is more rapid, which is found to be robust in the regional satellite observations. These global, diurnal radiation patterns and their coupling with other geophysical variables demonstrate the process level understanding that can be gained using this approach and highlight a need for global, diurnal observing systems for Earth outgoing radiation in the future.
Impacts of Biogenic Emissions on Summertime Ozone Formation in
the Guanzhong Basin, China
Authors: Li Nan , He Qingyang , Greenberg Jim , Guenther Alex , Cao Junji , Wang Jun , Liao Hong , Zhang Qiang
Published: January 2018

Abstract. This study is the first attempt to understand the synergistic impact of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions on summertime ozone (O3) formation in the Guanzhong (GZ) basin where Xi’an, the oldest and the most populous city (with a population of 9 million) in the northwest China, is located. Month-long (August 2011) WRF-Chem simulations with different sensitivity experiments were conducted and compared with near-surface measurements. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentrations were characterized from 6 surface sites among the Qinling Mountains, and urban air composition was measured in the Xi’an city at a tower 100 m above the surface. The WRF-Chem control experiment reasonably reproduced the magnitudes and variations of observed O3, VOCs, NOx, PM2.5 and meteorological parameters, with normalized mean biases for each parameter within ±21 %. Subsequent analysis employed the factor separation approach (FSA) to quantitatively disentangle the pure and synergistic impacts of anthropogenic and/or biogenic sources on summertime O3 formation. The impact of anthropogenic sources alone was found to be dominant for O3 formation. Although anthropogenic particles reduced NO2 photolysis by up to 60 %, the anthropogenic sources contributed 19.1 ppb O3 formation on average for urban Xi’an. The abundant biogenic VOCs from the nearby forests promoted O3 formation in urban areas by interacting with the anthropogenic NOx. The calculated synergistic contribution (from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources) was up to 14.4 ppb in urban Xi’an, peaking in the afternoon. Our study reveals that the synergistic impact of individual source contributions to O3 formation should be considered in the formation of air pollution control strategies, especially for big cities in the vicinity of forests.
On the accuracy of aerosol photoacoustic spectrometer calibrations using absorption by ozone
Authors: Davies Nicholas W. , Cotterell Michael I. , Fox Cathryn , Szpek Kate , Haywood Jim M. , Langridge Justin M.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In recent years, photoacoustic spectroscopy has emerged as an invaluable tool for the accurate measurement of light absorption by atmospheric aerosol. Photoacoustic instruments require calibration, which is often achieved by measuring the photoacoustic signal generated by known quantities of gaseous ozone. Recent work has questioned the validity of this approach at short visible wavelengths (404 nm), indicating systematic calibration errors of the order of a factor of two. We revisit this result and test the validity of the ozone calibration method using a suite of multi-pass photoacoustic cells operating at wavelengths 405, 514 and 658 nm. Using aerosolised nigrosin with mobility-selected diameters in the range 250–425 nm, we demonstrate excellent agreement between measured and modelled ensemble absorption cross sections at all wavelengths, thus demonstrating the validity of the ozone-based calibration method for aerosol photoacoustic spectroscopy at visible wavelengths.
A study of the approaches used to retrieve aerosol extinction, as applied to limb observations made by OSIRIS and SCIAMACHY
Authors: Rieger Landon A. , Malinina Elizaveta P. , Rozanov Alexei V. , Burrows John P. , Bourassa Adam E. , Degenstein Doug A.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Limb scatter instruments in the UV-Vis spectral range have provided longterm global records of stratospheric aerosol extinction important for climate records and modelling. While comparisons with occultation instruments show generally good agreement, the source and magnitude of the biases arising from retrieval assumptions, approximations in the radiative transfer modelling, and inversion techniques has not been thoroughly characterized. This paper explores the biases between SCIAMACHY v1.4, OSIRIS v5.07 and SAGE II v7.00 aerosol extinctions through a series of coincident comparisons as well as simulation and retrieval studies to investigate the cause and magnitude of the various systematic differences. The effect of a priori profiles, particle size assumptions, radiative transfer modelling, inversion techniques, and the different satellite datasets are explored. It is found that the assumed a priori profile can have a large effect near the normalization point, as well as systematic influence at lower altitudes. The error due to particle size assumptions is relatively small when averaged over a range of scattering angles, but individual errors depend on the particular scattering angle, particle size and measurement vector definition. Differences due to radiative transfer modelling introduce differences between the retrieved products of less than 10 % on average, but can introduce vertical structure. The combination of the different scenario simulations and the application of both algorithms to both datasets enable the origin of some of the systematic features such as high altitude differences when compared to SAGE II to be explained.
Effect of light on N2 fixation and net nitrogen release of Trichodesmium in a field study
Authors: Lu Yangyang , Wen Zuozhu , Shi Dalin , Chen Mingming , Zhang Yao , Bonnet Sophie , Li Yuhang , Tian Jiwei , Kao Shuh-Ji
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Dinitrogen fixation (NF) by marine cyanobacteria is an important pathway to
replenish the oceanic bioavailable nitrogen inventory. Light is the key to
modulating NF; however, field studies investigating the light response curve (NF-I
curve) of NF rate and the effect of light on diazotroph-derived nitrogen
(DDN) net release are relatively sparse in the literature, hampering
prediction using models. A dissolution method was applied using
uncontaminated 15N2 gas to examine how the light changes may
influence the NF intensity and DDN net release in the oligotrophic ocean.
Experiments were conducted at stations with diazotrophs dominated by
filamentous cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. in the western Pacific
and the South China Sea. The effect of light on carbon fixation (CF) was
measured in parallel using the 13C tracer method specifically for a
station characterized by Trichodesmium bloom. Both NF-I and CF-I
curves showed a Ik (light saturation coefficient) range of 193 to
315 µE m−2 s−1, with light saturation at around
400 µE m−2 s−1. The proportion of DDN net release
ranged from ∼ 6 to ∼ 50 %, suggesting an increasing trend as
the light intensity decreased. At the Trichodesmium bloom station,
we found that the CF ∕ NF ratio was light-dependent and the ratio started to
increase as light was lower than the carbon compensation point of
200 µE m−2 s−1. Under low-light stress,
Trichodesmium physiologically preferred to allocate more energy for
CF to alleviate the intensive carbon consumption by respiration; thus, there
is a metabolism tradeoff between CF and NF pathways.
Results showed that short-term (< 24 h) light change modulates the
physiological state, which subsequently determined the C ∕ N metabolism
and DDN net release by Trichodesmium. Reallocation of energy
associated with the variation in light intensity would be helpful for
prediction of the global biogeochemical cycle of N by models involving
Trichodesmium blooms.
Weekly water quality monitoring data for the River Thames (UK) and
its major tributaries (2009–2013): The Thames Initiative research
platform
Authors: Bowes Michael J. , Armstrong Linda K. , Harman Sarah A. , Wickham Heather D. , Scarlett Peter M. , Roberts Colin , Jarvie Helen P. , Old Gareth , Gozzard Emma , Bachiller-Janeno Nuria , Read Daniel
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The River Thames and 15 of its major tributaries have been monitored at weekly intervals since March 2009. Monitored determinands include major nutrient fractions, anions, cations, metals, pH, alkalinity and chlorophyll a., and linked to mean daily river flows at each site. This catchment-wide biogeochemical monitoring platform captures changes in the water quality of the Thames basin during a period of rapid change, related to increasing pressures (due to a rapidly growing human population, increasing water demand and climate change) and improvements in sewage treatment processes and agricultural practises. The platform provides the research community with a valuable data and modelling resource for furthering our understanding of pollution sources and dynamics, and interactions between water quality and aquatic ecology. Comparing Thames Initiative data with previous (non-continuous) monitoring data sets from many common study sites, dating back to 1997, has shown that there have been major reductions is phosphorus concentrations at most sites, occurring at low river flow, and these are principally due to reduced loadings from sewage treatment works. This ongoing monitoring programme will provide the vital underpinning environmental data required to best manage this vital drinking water resource, which is key for the sustainability of the city of London and the wider UK economy. The Thames Initiative data set is freely available from the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology's Environmental Information Data Centre at doi:10.5285/e4c300b1-8bc3-4df2-b23a-e72e67eef2fd.
Two months of disdrometer data in the Paris area
Authors: Gires Auguste , Tchiguirinskaia Ioulia , Schertzer Daniel
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The Hydrology, Meteorology and Complexity laboratory of Ecole des Ponts ParisTech (hmco.enpc.fr) makes available a data set of optical disdrometers measurements coming from a campaign involving three collocated devices from two different manufacturers relying on different underlying technologies (one Campbell Scientific PWS100 and two OTT Parsivel2). The campaign took place on January–February 2016 in the Paris area (France). Disdrometers give access to the size and velocity of drops falling through the sampling area of the devices of roughly few tens of cm2. It enables to estimate the drop size distribution and further study rainfall micro-physics, kinetic energy or radar quantities for example. Raw data, i.e. basically a matrix containing a number of drops according to classes of size and velocity, along with more aggregated one such rain rate or drop size distribution with filtering is available. Link to the data set: https://zenodo.org/record/1125583
Coupling the Glacial Systems Model (GSM) to LOVECLIM:
description, sensitivities, and validation
Authors: Bahadory Taimaz , Tarasov Lev
Published: January 2018

Abstract. We have coupled an Earth Systems Model of Intermediate Complexity (LOVECLIM) to the Glacial Systems Model (GSM). This coupling includes a number of interactions between ice sheets and climate that are often ignored: dynamic meltwater runoff routing, novel down-scaling for precipitation that corrects orographic forcing to the higher resolution ice sheet grid (advective precipitation), dynamic vertical temperature gradient, and ocean temperatures for sub-shelf melt. The sensitivity of the coupled model with respect to the selected parameterizations and coupling schemes is investigated. Each new coupling feature has a significant impact on ice sheet evolution. An ensemble of runs is used to explore the behaviour of the coupled model over a set of 2000 parameter vectors using Present-Day (PD) initial and boundary conditions. The ensemble of coupled model runs is compared against PD reanalysis data for atmosphere (surface temperature, precipitation, jet-stream and Rossby number of jet), ocean (sea ice, sea surface temperature, and AMOC), and Northern Hemisphere ice sheet thickness and extent. The parameter vectors are then narrowed by rejecting model runs (1700 CE to present) with regional land ice volume changes beyond an acceptance range. The selected sub-set forms the basis for ongoing work to explore the spatial-temporal phase space of the last two glacial cycles.
Evaluation of Doppler radar and GTS Data Assimilation for NWP Rainfall Prediction of an Extreme Summer Storm in Northern China: from the Hydrological Perspective
Authors: Liu Jia , Tian Jiyang , Yan Denghua , Li Chuanzhe , Yu Fuliang , Shen Feifei
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Data assimilation is an effective tool in improving high-resolution rainfall of the numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems which always fails in providing satisfactory rainfall products for hydrological use. The aim of this study is to explore the potential effects of assimilating different sources of observations from the Doppler weather radar and the Global Telecommunication System (GTS) in improving the mesoscale NWP rainfall products. A 24 h summer storm occurring over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of northern China on 21 July 2012 is selected in this study. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used to obtain 3 km rainfall forecasts, and the observations are assimilated using the three-dimensional variational (3D-Var) data assimilation method. Eleven data assimilation modes are designed for assimilating different combinations of observations in the two nested domains of the WRF model. Results show that the assimilation can largely improve the WRF rainfall products especially the accumulative process of rainfall, which is of great importance for hydrologic applications through the rainfall-runoff transformation process. Both radar reflectivity and GTS data are good choices for assimilation in improving the rainfall products, whereas special attentions should be paid for assimilating radial velocity where unsatisfactory results are always found. Simultaneously assimilating GTS and radar data always perform better than assimilating radar data alone. The inclusion of GTS data in the nested domains when radar reflectivity and radial velocity are assimilated in the innermost domain show the best results among all the 11 assimilation modes. The assimilation efficiency of the GTS data is higher than both radar reflectivity and radial velocity considering the number of data assimilated and its effect. It is also found that the assimilation of more observations cannot guarantee further improvement of the rainfall products, whereas the effective information contained in the assimilated data is of more importance than the data quantity. Potential improvements of data assimilation in improving the NWP rainfall products are discussed and suggestions are also made.
Estimating the risk related to networks: a methodology and an application on a road network
Authors: Hackl Jürgen , Lam Juan Carlos , Heitzler Magnus , Adey Bryan T. , Hurni Lorenz
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Networks, such as transportation, water, and power, are critical lifelines to society. Managers plan and execute interventions to guarantee the operational state of their networks under various circumstances, including after the occurrence of (natural) hazard events. Creating an intervention program demands knowing the probable consequences (i.e., risk) of the various hazard events that could occur to be able to mitigate their effects. This paper introduces a methodology to support network managers in the quantification of the risk related to their networks. The method emphasizes the integration of the spatial and temporal attributes of the events that need to be modeled to estimate the risk. This work then demonstrates the usefulness of the methodology through its application to design and implement a risk assessment to estimate the potential impact of flood and mudflow events on a road network located in Switzerland. The example includes the modeling of (i) multiple hazard events, (ii) their physical and functional effects throughout the road network, (iii) the functional interrelationships of the affected objects in the network, (iv) the resulting probable consequences in terms of expected costs of restoration, cost of traffic changes, and duration of network disruption, and (v) the restoration of the network.
First evidence of active transpressive surface faulting at the front of the eastern Southern Alps, northeastern Italy. Insight on the 1511 earthquake
seismotectonics
Authors: Falcucci Emanuela , Poli Maria Eliana , Galadini Fabrizio , Scardia Giancarlo , Paiero Giovanni , Zanferrari Adriano
Published: January 2018

Abstract. We investigated the eastern corner of northeastern Italy, where the NW-SE trending dextral strike-slip fault systems of western Slovenia intersects the south-verging fold and thrust belt of the eastern Southern Alps . The area suffered the largest earthquakes of the region, among which are the 1511 (Mw 6.3) event and the two major shocks of the 1976 seismic sequence, with Mw = 6.4 and 6.1 respectively. The Colle Villano thrust and the Borgo Faris-Cividale strike-slip fault have been first analyzed by interpreting industrial seismic lines and then by performing morpho-tectonic and paleoseismological analyses. These different datasets indicate that the two structures define an active, coherent transpressive fault system that activated twice in the past two millennia, with the last event occurring around the 15th–17th century. The chronological information, and the location of the investigated fault system suggest its activation during the 1511 earthquake.
Effects of golf course management on subsurface soil properties in Iowa
Authors: Streeter Matthew T. , Schilling Keith E.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Currently, in the USA and especially in the Midwest region, urban expansion is developing turfgrass landscapes surrounding commercial sites, homes, and recreational areas on soils that have been agriculturally managed for decades. Often, golf courses are at the forefront of conversations concerning anthropogenic environmental impacts since they account for some of the most intensively managed soils in the world. Iowa golf courses provide an ideal location to evaluate whether golf course management is affecting the quality of soils at depth. Our study evaluated how soil properties relating to soil health and resiliency varied with depth at golf courses across Iowa and interpreted relationships of these properties to current golf course management, previous landuse, and inherent soil properties. Systematic variation in soil properties including sand content, NO3, and SOM were observed with depth at six Iowa golf courses among three landform regions. Variability in sand content was identified between the 20 and 50 cm depth classes at all courses, where sand content decreased by as much as 37 %. Highest concentrations of SOM and NO3 were found in the shallowest soils, whereas total C and P variability was not related to golf course management. Sand content and NO3 were found to be directly related to golf course management, particularly at shallow depths. The effects of golf course management dissipated with depth and deeper soil variations were primarily due to natural geologic conditions.
Elevated melt causes varied response of Crosson and Dotson Ice
Shelves in West Antarctica
Authors: Lilien David A. , Joughin Ian , Smith Benjamin , Shean David E.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Crosson and Dotson Ice Shelves are two of the most rapidly changing outlets in West Antarctica, displaying both significant thinning and grounding-line retreat in recent decades. We used remotely sensed datasets to investigate the processes controlling their changes in speed and grounding-line position over the past 20 years. We combined these observations with inverse modeling of the viscosity of the ice shelves to understand how weakening of the shelves affected this speedup. These ice shelves have lost mass continuously since the 1990s, and we find that this loss is primarily a result of melt beneath Dotson. High melt rates persisted over the period covered by our observations (1996–2014), with the highest rates beneath areas that ungrounded during this time. Grounding line flux exceeded basinwide accumulation by about a factor of two throughout the study period, consistent with earlier studies, resulting in significant loss of grounded as well as floating ice. The near doubling of Crosson's speed in some areas during this time likely is the result of weakening of its margins and retreat of its grounding line. This speedup contrasts with Dotson, which has continued to move slowly despite high, increasing melt rates near its grounding line. Our results indicate that changes to melt rates began before 1996, and suggest that observed increases in melt in the 2000s compounded an ongoing retreat of this system. Advection of a channel along Dotson, as well as the grounding-line position of Kohler Glacier, suggest that Dotson experienced a change in flow around the 1970s, which may be the initial cause of its continuing retreat.
Corporate Behavior in the Petrochemical Industry
Authors: Wang Shao-Ping , Chen Miao-Sheng , Li Mou-Jian
Published: January 2018

PurposeThis case study, which investigates Taiwanese bellwether corporate groups in the petrochemical industry, explores employee observations and distinguishes these from general stakeholders’ perspectives as organizational outsiders. The exploration involves in-depth discussions of the prevailing social atmosphere as environmental awareness emerges, and the linkages between corporate social responsibility (CSR), organizational commitment (OC), and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).DesignThe study is based on models established by Taiwanese and international scholars addressing CSR’s effects on OC and OCB. The study conducted a staff survey at several corporate groups’ individual factories, selected using stratified sampling. Of 1,500 questionnaires distributed, 784 valid responses were collected. A five-point Likert scale was used to summarize data and conduct descriptive analysis, followed by confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.Findings With respect to the research hypotheses, the study finds that: (1) CSR has a significant and positive effect on OC; (2) CSR has a significant and positive effect on OCB; (3) OC has a significant and positive effect on OCB; and (4) CSR uses OC to generate an intermediary effect affecting OCB.Practical implicationsThis study and its conclusions provide specific recommendations for industry and organizational insiders regarding how to fulfill CSR, improve OC, and achieve OCB.ValueIn an environment characterized by changing global socioeconomic conditions, this study provides academic and practical research recommendations for the petrochemical industry as well as recommendations for future research.
Lexical Parametrization and Early Subjects in L1 Italian
Authors: Lorusso Paolo
Published: January 2018

Italian is a pro drop language, since it allows subject drop and subject inversion. The pro-drop parameter is fixed early on (Orfitelli,2008), but both grammatical and informational factors might regulate the distribution of overt clausal subjects. On the grammatical side, the verb class influences the distribution of overt subjects: overt subjects in Italian are more likely to be found with unaccusative verbs (Lorusso, Caprin & Guasti 2005). On the informational side, 1st and 2nd person pronouns are more likely to e dropped than 3rd person NPs because the latter are more informative (Serratrice, 2005): 1st and 2nd ab ne recovered by the discourse, while 3rd persons are totally event anchored and have to be identified referentially within the linguistic stimuli. The parametric differences encoded in the lexical items, for example the unaccusative vs unergative distinction for verbs or the person ‘informative’ morphology, influence the subject drop in Italian: we propose a Lexical Parametrization account (Manzini & Wexler 1987) for subject drop in Italian, since the characteristic of lexical items influence the likelihood of appearance of an overt syntactic structure. Furthermore the distribution of indefinite postverbal subjects found just with unaccusatives in early stages of acquisition of Italian (Lorusso, 2014) confirms that the lexical characteristics of both the subject NPs and the verbs (in a subset relation with other NPs and verbs respectively) determine the parametric overt variation across the different stage of the acquisition of Italian, as Lexical Parametrization predicts.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Vol. 5, No. 4, December 2017
Authors: Williams Richard
Published: January 2018

Journal of Agricultural Studies would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JAS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issueReviewers for Volume 5, Number 4Abhishek A. Cukkemane, Bijasu Agri Research Laboratory LLP, IndiaAftab Alam, Edenworks Inc. New York, USAChenlin Hu, The Ohio State University, USA,Ernest Baafi, CSIR-Crops Research Institute, GhanaEwa Moliszewska, Opole University, PolandGerardo Ojeda, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ColombiaMoses Olotu, Mkwawa University College of Educati, TanzaniaSahar Bahmani, University of Wisconsin at Parkside, USAZakaria Fouad Abdallah, National Research Centre, EgyptZhao Chen, Clemson University, USAZoi M. Parissi, School of Forestry and Natural Environment Aristotle University, Greece Richard Williams,EditorJournal of Agricultural Studies-------------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesPhone: 1-702-953-1852 ext.521Fax: 1-702-420-2900Email: jas@macrothink.orgURL: http://jas.macrothink.org
COMPARAÇÃO DE PROTOCOLOS EM ENSAIOS DE PREFERÊNCIA ALIMENTAR EM CÃES
Authors: Zanatta Carolina Pedro , Surek Diego , Risolia Larissa Wünsche , Sabchuk Tabyta Tamara , Félix Ananda Portella , Maiorka Alex , Oliveira Simone Gisele
Published: January 2018

Com o objetivo de determinar o protocolo mais adequado para realização de ensaios de preferência alimentar, considerando como fonte de variação número de animais e dias de avaliação, foi realizado o presente experimento, avaliando razão de ingestão (RI) e primeira escolha em cães. Os tratamentos foram: Protocolo 1: 32 cães avaliados por um dia (P32); Protocolo 2: 16 cães avaliados por dois dias (P16); Protocolo 3: 8 cães avaliados por quatro dias (P8). Os protocolos foram planejados de forma a fornecer ao final do período de avaliação um total de 32 observações por tratamento, sendo cada protocolo repetido por quatro períodos de avaliação.  A RI do alimento A (RIA) foi calculada segundo a equação: RIA (%) = [Consumo A/(Consumo A + Consumo B)]*100. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P<0,05). Para análise dos dados para primeira escolha, as observações foram agrupadas em relação à dieta A por protocolo, totalizando em 32 observações por protocolo, e comparadas pelo teste de Qui-quadrado. O P32 apresentou a RIA mais próxima de 50% (RIA = 51,77%), o que indica que o consumo de ambas a dietas foi próximo, não havendo preferência por alguma delas. Diferentemente do P16 (RIA = 54,97%), que apresentou preferência pela dieta A. O P8 foi igual aos demais protocolos (RIA = 54,00%). Para primeira escolha os três protocolos avaliados não diferiram entre si, sendo igualmente capazes de detectar diferença entre as dietas A e B. Conclui-se que, para ensaios de preferência alimentar, o protocolo mais adequado é utilizar 16 cães por dois dias (P16).
PREVALÊNCIA DE HEMATÚRIA ENZOÓTICA BOVINA NOS MUNICÍPIOS DE ADRIANÓPOLIS, PR E RIBEIRA, SP - BRASIL
Authors: Groxco Renan Bonrruque , Brum Juliana Sperotto , Minozzo Carolina Dutra , Perotta João Henrique , Schmidt Elizabeth Moreira dos Santos , Barros Filho Ivan Roque
Published: January 2018

A ingestão de Pteridium arachnoideum é responsável por intoxicação em diversas espécies animais, inclusive no ser humano, mas suas consequências são mais notáveis em bovinos que dependendo da dose diária ingerida e o período de consumo podem originar três doenças: hematúria enzoótica bovina (HEB), carcinoma das vias digestivas superiores e a diátese hemorrágica. Essas enfermidades provocam consideráveis prejuízos econômicos à pecuária leiteira e de corte. Com este trabalho objetivou-se determinar a prevalência da HEB nos municípios de Adrianópolis, PR e Ribeira, SP, na região do Vale do Ribeira. Foram avaliadas dezenove pequenas propriedades rurais. Os criadores e/ou funcionários responsáveis pelos animais foram entrevistados, obtendo-se informações sobre as características das propriedades, sanidade dos bovinos e o histórico de enfermidades relacionadas com intoxicação crônica e aguda por P. arachnoideum na região. A partir dos dados obtidos, as propriedades da região foram caracterizadas e foi calculada a prevalência da HEB na região. Onze propriedades eram destinadas exclusivamente para criação de bovinos de corte, três se dedicavam a produção leiteira e cinco produziam tanto carne como leite. Apenas dois entrevistados relataram a ausência de samambaia em suas pastagens. Nove (47,3%) propriedades apresentaram bovinos com algum grau hematúria no dia da aplicação do questionário, e em treze (68,4%) ocorreram episódios de hematúria durante o ano anterior à visita. Dezoito dos dezenove criadores relataram casos de hematúria em seus animais em algum momento de sua atividade produtiva. Vinte e cinco (1,2%) dos mil novecentos oitenta e oito animais presentes nas dezenove propriedades apresentavam hematúria macroscópica na data de realização dos questionários. A intoxicação por P. arachnoideum continua a causar prejuízos econômicos na região do Vale do Ribeira.