bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A bispecific nanobody dimer broadly neutralizes SARS-CoV-1 & 2 variants of concern and offers substantial protection against Omicron via low-dose intranasal administration
Authors: Ma Huan , Zhang Xinghai , Zeng Weihong , Zhou Junhui , Chi Xiangyang , Chen Shaohong , Zheng Peiyi , Wang Meihua , Wu Yan , Zhao Dan , Gong Fanwu , Lin Haofeng , Sun Hancong , Yu Changming , Shi Zhengli , Hu Xiaowen , Zhang Huajun , Jin Tengchuan , Chiu Sandra
Published: December 2022

Current SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants impose a heavy burden on global health systems by evading immunity from most developed neutralizing antibodies and vaccines. Here, we identified a nanobody (aSA3) that strongly cross-reacts with the receptor binding domain (RBD) of both SARS-CoV-1 and wild-type (WT) SARS-CoV-2. The dimeric construct of aSA3 (aSA3-Fc) tightly binds and potently neutralizes both SARS-CoV-1 and WT SARS-CoV-2. Based on X-ray crystallography, we engineered a bispecific nanobody dimer (2-3-Fc) by fusing aSA3-Fc to aRBD-2, a previously identified broad-spectrum nanobody targeting an RBD epitope distinct from aSA3. 2-3-Fc exhibits single-digit ng/mL neutralizing potency against all major variants of concerns including BA.5. In hamsters, a single systemic dose of 2-3-Fc at 10 mg/kg conferred substantial efficacy against Omicron infection. More importantly, even at three low doses of 0.5 mg/kg, 2-3-Fc prophylactically administered through the intranasal route drastically reduced viral RNA loads and completely eliminated infectious Omicron particles in the trachea and lungs. Finally, we discovered that 2(Y29G)-3-Fc containing a Y29G substitution in aRBD-2 showed better activity than 2-3-Fc in neutralizing BA.2.75, a recent Omicron subvariant that emerged in India. This study expands the arsenal against SARS-CoV-1, provides potential therapeutic and prophylactic candidates that fully cover major SARS-CoV-2 variants, and may offer a simple preventive approach against Omicron and its subvariants.
Rapid evolution of hybrid breakdown following recent divergence with gene flow in Senecio species on Mount Etna, Sicily
Authors: Wong Edgar L. Y. , Nevado Bruno , Hiscock Simon J. , Filatov Dmitry A.
Published: December 2022

How do nascent species evolve reproductive isolation during speciation with on-going gene flow? How do hybrid lineages become stabilised hybrid species? While commonly used genomic approaches provide an indirect way to identify species incompatibility factors, synthetic hybrids generated from interspecific crosses allow direct pinpointing of phenotypic traits involved in incompatibilities and the traits that are potentially adaptive in hybrid species. Here we report the analysis of phenotypic variation and hybrid breakdown in crosses between closely-relatedSenecio aethnensisandS. chrysanthemifolius, and their homoploid hybrid species, S. squalidus. The two former species represent a likely case of recent (<200 ky) speciation with gene flow driven by adaptation to contrasting conditions of high- and low-elevations on Mount Etna, Sicily. As these species form viable and fertile hybrids, it remains unclear whether they have started to evolve reproductive incompatibility. Our analysis represents the first study of phenotypic variation and hybrid breakdown involving multipleSeneciohybrid families. It revealed wide range of variation in multiple traits, including the traits previously unrecorded in synthetic hybrids. Leaf shape, highly distinct betweenS. aethnensisandS. chrysanthemifolius, was extremely variable in F2hybrids, but more consistent inS. squalidus. Our study demonstrates that interspecific incompatibilities can evolve rapidly despite on-going gene flow between the species. Further work is necessary to understand the genetic bases of these incompatibilities and their role in speciation with gene flow.
Urgency and necessity of Epstein-Barr virus prophylactic vaccines
Authors: Zhong Ling , Krummenacher Claude , Zhang Wanlin , Hong Junping , Feng Qisheng , Chen Yixin , Zhao Qinjian , Zeng Mu-Sheng , Zeng Yi-Xin , Xu Miao , Zhang Xiao
Published: December 2022

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a γ-herpesvirus, is the first identified oncogenic virus, which establishes permanent infection in humans. EBV causes infectious mononucleosis and is also tightly linked to many malignant diseases. Various vaccine formulations underwent testing in different animals or in humans. However, none of them was able to prevent EBV infection and no vaccine has been approved to date. Current efforts focus on antigen selection, combination, and design to improve the efficacy of vaccines. EBV glycoproteins such as gH/gL, gp42, and gB show excellent immunogenicity in preclinical studies compared to the previously favored gp350 antigen. Combinations of multiple EBV proteins in various vaccine designs become more attractive approaches considering the complex life cycle and complicated infection mechanisms of EBV. Besides, rationally designed vaccines such as virus-like particles (VLPs) and protein scaffold-based vaccines elicited more potent immune responses than soluble antigens. In addition, humanized mice, rabbits, as well as nonhuman primates that can be infected by EBV significantly aid vaccine development. Innovative vaccine design approaches, including polymer-based nanoparticles, the development of effective adjuvants, and antibody-guided vaccine design, will further enhance the immunogenicity of vaccine candidates. In this review, we will summarize (i) the disease burden caused by EBV and the necessity of developing an EBV vaccine; (ii) previous EBV vaccine studies and available animal models; (iii) future trends of EBV vaccines, including activation of cellular immune responses, novel immunogen design, heterologous prime-boost approach, induction of mucosal immunity, application of nanoparticle delivery system, and modern adjuvant development.
Autonomous driving using imitation learning with look ahead point for semi structured environments
Authors: Ahn Joonwoo , Kim Minsoo , Park Jaeheung
Published: December 2022

Semi-structured environments are difficult for autonomous driving because there are numerous unknown obstacles in drivable area without lanes, and its width and curvature considerably change. In such environments, searching for a path on a real-time is difficult, and localization data are inaccurate, reducing path tracking accuracy. Instead, alternative methods that reactively avoid obstacles in real-time using candidate paths or an artificial potential field have been studied. However, these require heuristics to identify specific parameters for handling various environments and are vulnerable to inaccurate input data. To address these limitations, this study proposes a method in which a vehicle drives toward drivable area using vision and deep learning. The proposed imitation learning method learns the look-ahead point where the vehicle should reach on a vision-based occupancy grid map to obtain a safe policy with a clear state action pattern relationship. Furthermore, using this point, the data aggregation (DAgger) algorithm with weighted loss function is proposed, which imitates expert behavior more accurately, especially in unsafe or near-collision situations. Experimental results in actual semi-structured environments demonstrated the limitations of general model-based methods and the effectiveness of the proposed imitation learning method. Moreover, simulation experiments showed that DAgger with the weight obtains a safer policy than existing DAgger algorithms.
Energetic and atomic structural analyses of the screw dislocation absorption at tilt grain boundaries in BCC-Fe
Authors: Kura Chiharu , Wakeda Masato , Hayashi Kazushi , Ohmura Takahito
Published: December 2022

The dislocation–grain boundary (GB) interaction plays an important role in GB-related plasticity. Therefore, an atomistic investigation of the interaction provides a deeper understanding of the strength and fracture of polycrystalline metals. In this study, we investigated the absorption of a screw dislocation with a Burgers vector perpendicular to the GB normal and the corresponding symmetric tilt grain boundaries (STGBs) in BCC-Fe based on molecular static simulations focusing on the STGB-dislocation interaction energy and atomistic structural changes at GB. The STGB-screw dislocation interaction depends on the energetical stability of the STGB against the GB shift along the Burgers vector direction. When the interaction exhibited a large attractive interaction energy, the dislocation dissociation and the GB shift along the Burgers vector direction occurred simultaneously. The interaction energy reveals that the interaction depends on the energetical stability of the STGB in terms of the GB shift in addition to the geometrical descriptor of the GB type, such as the Σ value. The same behavior was also obtained in the reaction when the second dislocation was introduced. We also discuss the screw dislocation absorption and rearrangement of the GB atomistic structure in STGB from an energetic viewpoint.
Effective screening strategies for safe opening of universities under Omicron and Delta variants of COVID-19
Authors: Rabil Marie Jeanne , Tunc Sait , Bish Douglas R. , Bish Ebru K.
Published: December 2022

As new COVID-19 variants emerge, and disease and population characteristics change, screening strategies may also need to change. We develop a decision-making model that can assist a college to determine an optimal screening strategy based on their characteristics and resources, considering COVID-19 infections/hospitalizations/deaths; peak daily hospitalizations; and the tests required. We also use this tool to generate screening guidelines for the safe opening of college campuses. Our compartmental model simulates disease spread on a hypothetical college campus under co-circulating variants with different disease dynamics, considering: (i) the heterogeneity in disease transmission and outcomes for faculty/staff and students based on vaccination status and level of natural immunity; and (ii) variant- and dose-dependent vaccine efficacy. Using the Spring 2022 academic semester as a case study, we study routine screening strategies, and find that screening the faculty/staff less frequently than the students, and/or the boosted and vaccinated less frequently than the unvaccinated, may avert a higher number of infections per test, compared to universal screening of the entire population at a common frequency. We also discuss key policy issues, including the need to revisit the mitigation objective over time, effective strategies that are informed by booster coverage, and if and when screening alone can compensate for low booster coverage.
Potential impact of tropopause sharpness on the structure and strength of the general circulation
Authors: Boljka Lina , Birner Thomas
Published: December 2022

The wintertime extratropical general circulation may be viewed as being primarily governed by interactions between Rossby waves and the background flow. These Rossby waves propagate vertically and meridionally away from their sources and amplify within the core of the tropopause-level jet, which acts as a waveguide. The strength of this waveguide is in part controlled by tropopause sharpness, which itself is a function of the strength of tropopause inversion layer (TIL), a layer of enhanced static stability just above the tropopause. Here, we report a strong relation between interannual-to-multidecadal variations in the strength of the mid-latitude TIL and features of the general circulation (e.g., jet latitude, strength of the Hadley cell) in a reanalysis and climate models. Similar relationships hold for the variability across climate models. Experiments with a mechanistic model show that a sharper tropopause promotes an intensified general circulation and an equatorward shifted jet.
High-performance junction-free field-effect transistor based on blue phosphorene
Authors: Tyagi Shubham , Rout Paresh C. , Schwingenschlögl Udo
Published: December 2022

Two-dimensional semiconductors have great potential in high-performance electronic devices. However, the common way of contacting them with metals to inject charge carriers results in contact resistance. We propose a junction-free field-effect transistor consisting of semiconducting monolayer blue phosphorene as channel material (with high carrier mobility) and metallic bilayer blue phosphorene as electrodes. The junction-free design minimizes the contact resistance. Employing first-principles calculations along with the non-equilibrium Green’s function method, we demonstrate a highIon/Ioffratio of up to 2.6 × 104and a remarkable transconductance of up to 811 μS/μm.
Clonal diversity predicts persistence of SARS-CoV-2 epitope-specific T-cell response
Authors: Zornikova Ksenia V. , Khmelevskaya Alexandra , Sheetikov Savely A. , Kiryukhin Dmitry O. , Shcherbakova Olga V. , Titov Aleksei , Zvyagin Ivan V. , Efimov Grigory A.
Published: December 2022

T cells play a pivotal role in reducing disease severity during SARS-CoV-2 infection and formation of long-term immune memory. We studied 50 COVID-19 convalescent patients and found that T cell response was induced more frequently and persisted longer than circulating antibodies. We identified 756 clonotypes specific to nine CD8+ T cell epitopes. Some epitopes were recognized by highly similar public clonotypes. Receptors for other epitopes were extremely diverse, suggesting alternative modes of recognition. We tracked persistence of epitope-specific response and individual clonotypes for a median of eight months after infection. The number of recognized epitopes per patient and quantity of epitope-specific clonotypes decreased over time, but the studied epitopes were characterized by uneven decline in the number of specific T cells. Epitopes with more clonally diverse TCR repertoires induced more pronounced and durable responses. In contrast, the abundance of specific clonotypes in peripheral circulation had no influence on their persistence.
Crystal structure of Leishmania donovani glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase reveals a unique N-terminal domain
Authors: Berneburg Isabell , Rahlfs Stefan , Becker Katja , Fritz-Wolf Karin
Published: December 2022

Since unicellular parasites highly depend on NADPH as a source for reducing equivalents, the pentose phosphate pathway, especially the first and rate-limiting NADPH-producing enzyme glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), is considered an excellent antitrypanosomatid drug target. Here we present the crystal structure of Leishmania donovani G6PD (LdG6PD) elucidating the unique N-terminal domain of Kinetoplastida G6PDs. Our investigations on the function of the N-domain suggest its involvement in the formation of a tetramer that is completely different from related Trypanosoma G6PDs. Structural and functional investigations further provide interesting insights into the binding mode of LdG6PD, following an ordered mechanism, which is confirmed by a G6P-induced domain shift and rotation of the helical N-domain. Taken together, these insights into LdG6PD contribute to the understanding of G6PDs’ molecular mechanisms and provide an excellent basis for further drug discovery approaches.
Establishment of a salt-induced bioremediation platform from marine Vibrio natriegens
Authors: Huang Ling , Ni Jun , Zhong Chao , Xu Ping , Dai Junbiao , Tang Hongzhi
Published: December 2022

Industrial wastewater discharge, agricultural production, marine shipping, oil extraction, and other activities have caused serious marine pollution, including microplastics, petroleum and its products, heavy metals, pesticides, and other organics. Efficiency of bioremediation of marine pollutions may be limited by high salt concentrations (>1%, w/v), which can cause an apparent loss of microbial activities. In this study, functional promoters P1, P2-1, and P2-2 censoring salt stress were isolated and identified from a Vibrio natriegens strain Vmax. Three salt-induced degradation models were constructed to degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET), chlorpyrifos (CP), and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) using the marine strain Vmax. The engineered strains are efficient for degradation of the corresponding substrates, with the degradation rates at 15 mg/L PET in 8 d, 50 mg/L CP in 24 h, and 1 mg/L HBCDs in 4 h, respectively. In addition, an immobilization strategy for recycling and reusing of engineered strains was realized by expressing the chitin-binding protein GbpA. This study may help answer the usage of rapidly growing marine bacteria such as V. natriegens Vmax to degrade marine pollution efficiently.
End-to-end modeling of fuel injection via static coupling of internal flow and ensuing spray
Authors: Torelli Roberto , Pei Yuanjiang , Zhang Yu , Som Sibendu
Published: December 2022

Accurate knowledge of fuel spray behavior is of utmost importance for liquid-fuel-based combustion systems. Fuel properties, injector geometry, operating conditions, and thermal state of the combustion chamber determine the fuel’s ability to mix and burn efficiently. Three-dimensional computational-fluid-dynamics models can reveal the complex dynamics of the injector’s internal flow, as well as the spray breakup, evaporation, mixing, and combustion. However, time and length scales of in-nozzle flow and ensuing spray can differ by several orders of magnitude, limiting the feasibility of a simultaneous solution of the entire chain of physics. This work explores an end-to-end approach to decouple the problem at the injector outlet via a static-coupling framework. Flowfields are sampled at the injector exit, stored into spatiotemporally resolved maps, and used to initialize a Lagrangian spray whose properties reflect the flow’s instantaneous state as predicted by the in-nozzle flow simulations. Comparisons against typical rate-of-injection results and qualitative validation against optical spray data highlighted the ability of static coupling to unveil spray physics that would otherwise be missed.
Introduction of the year 2021
Authors: Benazzi Valentina , Crespi Stefano , Protti Stefano
Published: December 2022

In the present chapter we introduce the volume and its three sections, namely critical reviews, highlights on recent “hot” topics and SPR lectures in photochemistry. The most significant editorial releases in photochemistry in 2021 are resumed therein by presenting awards, special issues, reviews and handbooks.
Polarizable multiscale dynamics for probing solvent and complex environments
Authors: Loco D. , Piquemal J.-P.
Published: December 2022

Computational modelling approaches have been developed in the last decades to account for environment effects, that can remarkably affect the spectroscopic features of organic dyes. With modern computing power, complex systems can be handled through QM/MM simulations, which are nowadays commonly used to assist experiments in many different fields. We present here some of the latest advances made in our laboratory to develop and apply a polarizable embedding QM/MM based molecular dynamics methodology, and discussing applications where it is found useful. Then we report on the spectroscopic study of a ligand–protein complex system, together with our perspective on the modelling of reactions in extreme conditions, illustrating our recent study on thermal Diels–Alder.
Stereospecific recognition of a chiral centre over multiple flexible covalent bonds by19F-NMR
Authors: Chen Ya-Ting , Li Bin , Chen Jia-Liang , Su Xun-Cheng
Published: December 2022

19F-NMR was demonstrated to chirally sense a variety of enantiomers with up to five flexible covalent bonds from the chiral center and to simultaneously discriminate between multiple enantiomeric analytes in a mixture.
Correction: Recent advances on the electrochemical and optical biosensing strategies for monitoring microRNA-21: a review
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Amir Abbas , Yaseen Muna Mohammed , Khudaynazarov Utkir , Al-Gazally Moaed E. , Catalan Opulencia Maria Jade , Jalil Abduladheem Turki , Mohammed Rebar N.
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Recent advances on the electrochemical and optical biosensing strategies for monitoring microRNA-21: a review’ by Amir Abbas Esmaeilzadeh et al., Anal. Methods, 2022, 14, 4449–4459, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2AY01384C.
Quorum sensing communication between lipid-based artificial cells
Authors: Llopis-Lorente Antoni , Buddingh' Bastiaan C. , Martínez-Máñez R. , van Hest Jan C. M. , Abdelmohsen Loai K. E.
Published: December 2022

Quorum sensing communication is key in living microorganisms. Here, we show reminiscent behaviour in artificial cell populations consisting of lipid vesicles loaded with sender–receiver machinery.
Late-stage diversification strategy for synthesizing ynamides through copper-catalyzed diynylation and azide–alkyne cycloaddition
Authors: Kawakami Ryohei , Usui Suguru , Tada Norihiro , Itoh Akichika
Published: December 2022

A late-stage diversification strategy for synthesizing ynamides has been developed.
Additive-free synthesis of fused tricyclic cyanoisoxazolidines using in situ formed cyanonitrones
Authors: Jamali Muhammad Fahad , Yadav Usha , Babu Mary Merlin Manjaly , Kant Ruchir , Mohanan Kishor
Published: December 2022

Herein, we disclose the generation of cyanonitrone from diazoacetonitrile and nitrosoarene, and its subsequent [3+2] cycloaddition with oxabicyclic alkenes to access an important class of fused tricyclic cyanoisoxazolidines.
Dissimilar chemobrionic growth in copper silicate chemical gardens in the absence or presence of light
Authors: Patel Vipul Kirtikumar , Busupalli Balanagulu
Published: December 2022

The effect of the absence of light on chemical garden growth has been neglected although the gardens resemble hydrothermal vents that grow in dark in the sea/ocean. Light/dark influences copper silicate tube growth.
Three new Zn(ii) coordination polymers for highly selective and sensitive detection of Fe3+
Authors: He Yuan-Chun , Yu Hao-Long , Zhao Kai-Yang , Wang Yao , Geng Chang-Sheng , Wu Shuang , Yang Hong-Kun , Zhao Fang-Hua
Published: December 2022

In this work, three novel Zn(ii)-CPs with diverse structures and fascinating topologies can be highly selective and sensitive luminescent sensors for detection of Fe3+.
The anticancer peptide LL-III alters the physico-chemical properties of a model tumor membrane promoting lipid bilayer permeabilization
Authors: Campanile Marco , Oliva Rosario , D’Errico Gerardino , Del Vecchio Pompea , Petraccone Luigi
Published: December 2022

LL-III is an anticancer peptide and has the ability to translocate across tumor cell membranes, which indicates that its action mechanism could be non-membranolytic.
Gas-phase synthesis of nanoparticles: current application challenges and instrumentation development responses
Authors: Grammatikopoulos Panagiotis , Bouloumis Theodoros , Steinhauer Stephan
Published: December 2022

We explore current challenges and corresponding advances in nanoparticle synthesis from the gas-phase, identifying trends and future directions; we emphasise the potential for neuromorphic computing, which may boost the field of gas-phase synthesis.
Role of inorganic cations in the excitonic properties of lead halide perovskites
Authors: Wierzbowska Małgorzata , Meléndez Juan José
Published: December 2022

In lead halide perovskites, the role of inorganic A cations is leading in the middle part of the absorption spectrum where the excitonic binding energies of dipole transitions are much stronger than those involving PbI3 bands only.
Solvent effects on catechol's binding affinity: investigating the role of the intra-molecular hydrogen bond through a multi-level computational approach
Authors: Prampolini Giacomo , Campetella Marco , Ferretti Alessandro
Published: December 2022

A multi-level computational approach is employed to investigate catechol's conformational dynamics in different solvents, unraveling the interplay between the intramolecular hydrogen bond and the interactions with the surrounding molecules.
Stable antiferromagnetism and semiconducting-to-metal transition in ALaCuOsO6 (A = Ba and Sr): strain modulations
Authors: Nazir S. , Cheng Yingchun
Published: December 2022

Double perovskite oxides with antiferromagnetic ground state have received much consideration as they exhibit small stray-field and ultra-fast spin dynamics, which is extremely convenient for nanoelectronic devices.
Vapochromic effect in switchable molecular-based spin crossover compounds
Authors: Resines-Urien Esther , Fernandez-Bartolome Estefania , Martinez-Martinez Ana , Gamonal Arturo , Piñeiro-López Lucía , Costa Jose Sanchez
Published: December 2022

We present here for the first time an exhaustive compilation of all systems in which the interaction between the coordination compounds and the vapour analytes leads to a colour change due to a spin transition in the metal centre at room temperature.
Theoretical investigations on P-stabilized boryl cation radicals: from the Aufbau principle to SOMO–HOMO conversion
Authors: Li Yuyao , Ding Zhelin , Mu Qiqi , Ren Junle , Shen Qiguang , Zhang Shoufeng , Zhang Li
Published: December 2022

Two kinds of P-stabilized boryl cation radicals are systematically investigated: the electronic configurations of 1PB compounds obey the Aufbau principle, while the 2PB compounds possess SOMO–HOMO conversion properties.
A biophysical study of the interactions of palladium(ii), platinum(ii) and gold(iii) complexes of aminopyridyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligands with RNAs and other nucleic acid structures
Authors: Binacchi Francesca , Elia Cassandra , Cirri Damiano , Van de Griend Corjan , Zhou Xue-Quan , Messori Luigi , Bonnet Sylvestre , Pratesi Alessandro , Biver Tarita
Published: December 2022

Aminopyridyl-2,2′-bipyridine metal complexes prefer double/triple-stranded RNAs over DNA binding; Au(iii)/Pd(ii) species show intriguing binding features toward RNA four-way junctions.
Soil activity and microbial community response to nanometal oxides were not due exclusively to a particle size effect
Authors: Avila-Arias Helena , Nies Loring F. , Bischoff Gray Marianne , Barreto-Hernández Emiliano , Turco Ronald F.
Published: December 2022

Metal oxide engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in study influenced soil function and microbes, but we found no evidence that changes were caused exclusively by a nano-size effect.
Multiplexed fluidic circuit board for controlled perfusion of 3D blood vessels-on-a-chip
Authors: de Graaf Mees N. S. , Vivas Aisen , Kasi Dhanesh G. , van den Hil Francijna E. , van den Berg Albert , van der Meer Andries D. , Mummery Christine L. , Orlova Valeria V.
Published: December 2022

We developed a fluidic circuit board for simultaneous perfusion of up to twelve 3D vessels-on-a-chip under comparable wall shear stress using a single set of control parameters despite high intrinsic sample diameter variation.
Synthesis and properties of the kojic acid dimer and its potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Liu Xueyan , Yu Chuanyu , Su Biling , Zha Daijun
Published: December 2022

We developed a synthetic route that achieved the gram scale preparation of KAD, and the structure was verified by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and the potential for the multi-target treatment of AD was identified for the first time.
Non-Newtonian fluid gating membranes with acoustically responsive and self-protective gas transport control
Authors: Liu Jing , Sheng Zhizhi , Zhang Mengchuang , Li Jianyu , Zhang Yunmao , Xu Xue , Yu Shijie , Cao Min , Hou Xu
Published: December 2022

Non-Newtonian fluid gating membranes have been constructed for contactless regulation of gas release and spontaneous blockage of transient high-pressure gas.
Withania somnifera-derived carbon dots protect human epidermal cells against UVB-induced cell death and support growth factor-mediated wound healing
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Tomar Meenu , Bhattacharya Kunal , Varshney Anurag
Published: December 2022

Solar radiation comprising UVA and UVB regions is considered a skin-damaging factor inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperpigmentation, and photo-aging.
Temperature-affected nano-deformation behavior of nanometals in ultrahigh-strain-rate formation processes
Authors: Liu Jian , He Yali , Hu Yaowu
Published: December 2022

This study revealed the nonlinear effect of temperature on the forming behavior of nano-metals at ultrahigh strain rates. Correlations between the plasticity mechanism, atomic transport, and formability of nanometals were established.
Intrinsic influence of selenium substitution in thiophene and benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole on the electronic structure, excited states and photovoltaic performances evaluated using theoretical calculations
Authors: Cao Mingwei , Wang Lei , Gao Huanhuan , Jiang Hao , Song Haiyang
Published: December 2022

The selenium-substituted Y6-type molecule's characteristic parameters and excited state properties were studied using quantum chemistry methods, which provides a theoretical basis for the prediction and screening of efficient NFAs.
Phosphorescent Pt(ii) complexes bearing cyclometalated difluorophenylpyridinate and diphosphine building blocks
Authors: Shahsavari Hamid R. , Chamyani Samira , Aghakhanpour Reza Babadi , Dolatyari Vahideh , Paziresh Sareh
Published: December 2022

Mononuclear and binuclear cycloplatinated complexes with a variety of biphosphine ligands were investigated for their luminescent characteristics.
Friedel–Crafts arylation of aldehydes with indoles utilizing arylazo sulfones as the photoacid generator
Authors: Galathri Eirini M. , Di Terlizzi Lorenzo , Fagnoni Maurizio , Protti Stefano , Kokotos Christoforos G.
Published: December 2022

A mild, low-cost and green protocol for the photochemical Friedel–Crafts arylation of aldehydes with indoles, utilizing arylazo sulfones as the photoacid generator.
Metal–organic framework (MOF)-based fluorescence “turn-on” sensors
Authors: Pal Tapan K.
Published: December 2022

The various potential sensing application by luminescent MOFs.
Self-healing polymer design from dynamic B–O bonds to their emerging applications
Authors: Zheng Jie , Oh Xin Yi , Ye Enyi , Chooi Wai Hon , Zhu Qiang , Loh Xian Jun , Li Zibiao
Published: December 2022

In this review, the most recent development in healable polymers with dynamic B–O links is discussed, taking readers through the concept and features of dynamic B–O linkages to explore their advanced functionalities and emerging applications.
Palladium-catalyzed C–Si bond formation via denitrative cross-coupling of nitroarenes with hexamethyldisilane
Authors: Yao Jiaxin , Yu Lin , Duan Wengui , Li Chao-Jun
Published: December 2022

We disclose a novel protocol for arylsilane via a Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of hexamethyldisilane with nitroarenes, and the products could be easily transformed into aryl halides, homocoupling products, and aryl boron reagents.
Selective furfural hydrogenolysis towards 2-methylfuran by controlled poisoning of Cu–Co catalysts with chlorine
Authors: Barranca Alberto , Agirrezabal-Tellería Iker , Rellán-Piñeiro Marcos , Ortuño Manuel A. , Gandarias Inaki
Published: December 2022

Surface chlorine strongly affects the selectivity of the reaction on Cu–Co/γ-Al2O3. Furfural adsorption mode changes from flat to tilted in the presence of chlorine.
Optimizing the accuracy of viscoelastic characterization with AFM force–distance experiments in the time and frequency domains
Authors: McCraw Marshall R. , Uluutku Berkin , Solomon Halen D. , Anderson Megan S. , Sarkar Kausik , Solares Santiago D.
Published: December 2022

The range of observable time-dependent mechanical behavior in AFM FD experiments is limited by sampling frequency 1/Δtand duration of the experimenttf. One should choose parameters that encompass both the minimum and maximum material relaxation times.
Studying the high-rate deformation of soft materials via laser-induced membrane expansion
Authors: Evans Katherine M. , Soles Christopher L. , Chan Edwin P.
Published: December 2022

We present a new measurement called laser-induced membrane expansion (LIME) that measures the shear modulus of thin membranes at high strain rates via laser ablation.
Correction: An organometal halide perovskite photocathode integrated with a MoS2 catalyst for efficient and stable photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Choi Hojoong , Seo Sehun , Kim Ju-Hyeon , Lee Jong-Hoon , Kim Seungkyu , Piao Guangxia , Park Hyunwoong , Lee Kwanghee , Lee Sanghan
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘An organometal halide perovskite photocathode integrated with a MoS2 catalyst for efficient and stable photoelectrochemical water splitting’ by Hojoong Choi et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2021, 9, 22291–22300, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA05377A.
π-Extended chlorinated non-fullerene acceptors for achieving high performance organic solar cells
Authors: Li Mingpeng , Li Zhixiang , Song Guangkun , Jiang Changzun , Chen Xin , Wang Jian , Yang Yang , Wan Xiangjian , Li Chenxi , Chen Yongsheng
Published: December 2022

The photovoltaic properties and energy loss of organic solar cells (OSCs) based on non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are highly dependent on their molecular structures and morphologies.
Vacancy defect tuning of electronic structures of transition metal (hydr)oxide-based electrocatalysts for enhanced oxygen evolution
Authors: Yuan Cheng-Zong , Huang Siyu , Zhao Hongrui , Li Jiang , Zhang Lunliang , Weng Yao , Cheang Tuck-Yun , Yin Hong , Zhang Xiaomeng , Ye Shufeng
Published: December 2022

Three state-of-the-art defects-tuning strategies have been summarized for regulating the electronic structures, enhancing the conductivities and boosting the OER performances of transition metal (hydr)oxides-based electrocatalysts.
Is bRaQCing bad? New roles for ribosome associated quality control factors in stress granule regulation
Authors: Helton Noah S. , Moon Stephanie L.
Published: December 2022

Maintenance of proteostasis is of utmost importance to cellular viability and relies on the coordination of many post-transcriptional processes to respond to stressful stimuli. Stress granules (SGs) are RNA–protein condensates that form after translation initiation is inhibited, such as during the integrated stress response (ISR), and may facilitate cellular adaptation to stress. The ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) pathway is a critical translation monitoring system that recognizes aberrant mRNAs encoding potentially toxic nascent peptides to target them for degradation. Both SG regulation and the RQC pathway are directly associated with translation regulation, thus it is of no surprise recent developments have demonstrated a connection between them. VCP's function in the stress activated RQC pathway, ribosome collisions activating the ISR, and the regulation of the 40S ribosomal subunit by canonical SG proteins during the RQC all connect SGs to the RQC pathway. Because mutations in genes that are involved in both SG and RQC regulation are associated with degenerative and neurological diseases, understanding the coordination and interregulation of SGs and RQC may shed light on disease mechanisms. This minireview will highlight recent advances in understanding how SGs and the RQC pathway interact in health and disease contexts.
Editorial introduction: animal models relevant to mental health disorders
Authors: Milton Amy L.
Published: December 2022

Mental health disorders affect a substantial proportion of the worldwide population, and currently available treatments do not work for all affected individuals. Understanding the psychological and biological mechanisms that underlie mental health disorders will facilitate treatment development, and the use of translational animal models is potentially transformative for this. Structured around the US National Institute of Mental Health's ‘Research Domain Criteria’ (RDoC) approach, this special issue showcases reviews that consider how animal models can best be used to understand and treat the processes that go awry in mental health disorders.
Extended High-Frequency Audiometry for Ototoxicity Monitoring: A Longitudinal Evaluation of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment
Authors: Stevenson Lucia Jane , Biagio-de Jager Leigh , Graham Marien Alet , Swanepoel De Wet
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to describe extended high-frequency (EHF) pure-tone audiometry monitoring of ototoxicity in a longitudinal treatment program for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB).

Method:

This was a retrospective record review of longitudinal conventional (0.25–8 kHz) and EHF (9–16 kHz) audiometry for ototoxicity monitoring of DRTB patients undergoing treatment at community-based clinics between 2013 and 2017. Data from 69 patients with an average age of 37.9 years (
SD
= 11.2, range: 16.0–63.8 years) were included. Patients were assessed by primary health care audiologists (87%) or community health workers (13%) using portable audiological equipment. The average length of time between initial and exit assessments was 84.6 days (
SD
= 74.2, range: 2–335 days).

Results:

EHF ototoxicity of a mild or greater degree of hearing loss (> 25 dB HL in one or both ears across frequencies) was evident in 85.5% of patients' posttreatment, compared with 47.8% of patients across conventional frequencies. EHF audiometry demonstrated an ototoxic shift (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association criteria) in 56.5% of cases compared with 31.9% when only conventional audiometry was considered. Mean hearing deterioration for patients was significant across EHFs (9–16 kHz) bilaterally (
p
< .05). Absent EHF thresholds at the initial assessment, owing to maximum output limits, was a limitation that occurred most frequently at 16 kHz (17.4%, 24/138).

Conclusions:

EHF audiometry is most sensitive for the early detection of ototoxicity and should be included in monitoring programs. Clinical ototoxicity monitoring protocols should consider shortened assessment approaches that target frequencies most sensitive to ototoxicity, including EHFs.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21651242
Tempestuous life beyond R500: X-ray view on the Coma cluster with SRG/eROSITA
Authors: Churazov E. , Khabibullin I. , Bykov A. M. , Lyskova N. , Sunyaev R.
Published: December 2022

This is the second paper in a series of studies of the Coma cluster using the SRG/eROSITA X-ray data obtained during the calibration and performance verification phase of the mission. Here, we focus on the region adjacent to the radio source 1253+275 (radio relic, RR, hereafter). We show that the X-ray surface brightness exhibits its steepest gradient at ∼79′ (∼2.2 Mpc ≈ R200c), which is almost co-spatial to the outer edge of the RR. As in the case of several other relics, the Mach number of the shock derived from the X-ray surface brightness profile (MX ≈ 1.9) appears to be lower than needed to explain the slope of the integrated radio spectrum in the diffusive shock acceleration model (MR ≈ 3.5) if the magnetic field is uniform and the radiative losses are fast. However, the shock geometry is plausibly much more complicated than a spherical wedge centered on the cluster, given the non-trivial correlation between radio, X-ray, and SZ images. While the complicated shock geometry alone might cause a negative bias in MX, we speculate on a few other possibilities that may affect the MX − MR relation, including the shock substructure that might be modified by the presence of non-thermal filaments stretching across the shock and the propagation of relativistic electrons along the non-thermal filaments with a strong magnetic field. We also discuss the “history” of the radio galaxy NGC 4789, which is located ahead of the relic in the context of the Coma-NGC 4839 merger scenario.
Taking a break: Paused accretion in the symbiotic binary RT Cru
Authors: Pujol A. , Luna G. J. M. , Mukai K. , Sokoloski J. L. , Kuin N. P. M. , Walter F. M. , Angeloni R. , Nikolov Y. , Lopes de Oliveira R. , Nuñez N. E. , Arancibia M. Jaque , Palma T. , Gramajo L.
Published: December 2022

Symbiotic binaries sometimes hide their symbiotic nature for significant periods of time. There is mounting observational evidence that, in symbiotics that are powered solely by the accretion of the red giant’s wind material onto a white dwarf, without any quasi-steady shell burning on the surface of the white dwarf, the characteristic emission lines in the optical spectrum can vanish, leaving the semblance of an isolated red giant spectrum. Here we present compelling evidence that this disappearance of optical emission lines from the spectrum of RT Cru in 2019 was due to a decrease in the accretion rate, which we derived by modeling the X-ray spectrum. This drop in accretion rate leads to a lower flux of ionizing photons and thus to faint or absent photoionization emission lines in the optical spectrum. We observed the white dwarf symbiotic RT Cru with XMM-Newton and Swift in X-rays and UV and collected ground-based optical spectra and photometry obtained over the last 33 yr. This long-term coverage shows that, during most of the year 2019, the accretion rate onto the white dwarf was so low, Ṁ = (3.2 ± 0.06) × 10−11 M⊙ yr−1 (d/2.52 kpc)2, that the historically detected hard X-ray emission almost vanished, the UV flux faded by roughly 5 mag, the U, B, and V flickering amplitude decreased, and the Balmer lines virtually disappeared from 2019 January through March. Long-lasting low-accretion episodes such as the one reported here may hamper the chances of RT Cru experiencing a nova-type outburst despite the high mass of the accreting white dwarf.
Understanding the role of morphology and environment in the dynamical evolution of isolated galaxy triplets
Authors: Vásquez-Bustos P. , Argudo-Fernandez M. , Grajales-Medina D. , Duarte Puertas S. , Verley S.
Published: December 2022

Context. The environments where galaxies reside affects their evolutionary histories. Galaxy triplets (systems composed of three physically bound galaxies) are one of simplest groups of galaxies, and are therefore excellent laboratories to study evolutionary mechanisms where effects of the environment are minimal.

Aims. We present a statistical study of the dynamical properties of isolated galaxy triplets as a function of their local and large-scale environments. To explore the connection of the dynamical evolution on the systems with the evolution of the galaxies composing the triplets, we consider observational properties such as morphology and star formation rate (SFR).

Methods. We used the SDSS-based catalogue of Isolated Triplets (SIT), which contains 315 triplets. We classified each triplet according to galaxy morphologies and defined a parameter Qtrip to quantify the total local tidal strengths in the systems. To quantify the dynamical stage of the system we used the parameters of harmonic radius RH, velocity dispersion σvr, crossing time H0tc, and virial mass Mvir.

Results. Triplets composed of three early-type galaxies present the smallest RH, indicating that they are in general more compact than triplets with one or more late-type galaxies. Among triplets with low values of RH and H0tc, SIT triplets with Qtrip < −2 are relaxed systems that are more dynamically evolved, while triplets with Qtrip > −2 show compact configurations due to interactions within the system, such as ongoing mergers.

Conclusions. We found that there is no dominant galaxy in triplets in terms of properties of stellar populations such as global colour and SFR. Moreover, the global SFR in isolated triplets composed of two or more early-type galaxies increases with the stellar mass ratio of the galaxies with respect to the central galaxy, therefore the system is globally ‘rejuvenated’.
In-flight directivity and sound power measurement of small-scale unmanned aerial systems
Authors: Herold Gert
Published: December 2022

The sound emission characteristics of unmanned aerial systems are of interest in many contexts. For a realistic representation of the directional characteristics and the radiated sound energy, it is useful if the aircraft is operated under realistic conditions. However, deriving emission-based acoustic quantities for a typical mode of operation such as cruise flight is difficult. In this paper, the directivity and sound power of a quadcopter drone are determined using a microphone array measurement of a single flight through a predefined corridor. The recorded data are processed to both reconstruct the drone’s flight path and characterize its acoustic emission. To verify the reliability of the presented method, the signal processing is tested with simulated data from moving sources with the directivity of a monopole as well as a dipole. Using different discretizations of the radiation direction space and evaluating the frequency-dependent directivity factor, it is discussed how the sound radiation can be described as comprehensively as possible on the basis of as few quantities as possible.
Influence of end plate placement on the reduction of airfoil tip vortex formation noise
Authors: Schneehagen Erik W. , Geyer Thomas F. , Sarradj Ennes
Published: December 2022

The tonal noise generated at the tip is a major contribution to the aerodynamic noise generated by three-dimensional airfoils. One way to reduce this noise is the use of end plates, which was investigated in the present study for three different circular end plate geometries applied to a cambered NACA 4412 airfoil with aspect ratio 2 and forced boundary layer transition. Microphone array measurements were performed in a small aeroacoustic wind tunnel for chord based Reynolds numbers between 75,000 and 200,000 and geometric angles of attack between 0° and 20°. The acoustic far-field noise spectra obtained for the baseline configuration show a broadband hump centered at a chord based Strouhal number of 13 that is associated with the noise generation at the tip and scales with the third power of the flow velocity. The application of end plates reduces this peak and is most effective for end plates which bound the flow on the suction side of the airfoil. Hot-wire measurements taken for one configuration show that the end plates diffuse the turbulence intensity in the relevant frequency range and reduce the fluid transfer along the pressure gradient at the tip. The suction side end plate additionally prevents the interaction of turbulent structures with the trailing edge and is therefore more effective in reducing noise. Surface flow visualizations for this configuration reveal a separation line extending along the full span up to the tip while the surface flow of the baseline and pressure configuration is strongly affected by the flow swept around the tip. Therefore, the placement of the end plate on the suction side is more effective in reducing tip noise.
Selektive Stimulation der verschiedenen Fotorezeptorklassen mittels Silent Substitution bei psychophysischen und elektroretinografischen Messungen
Authors: Huchzermeyer Cord , Kremers Jan
Published: December 2022

Mittels der sog. Silent-Substitution-Technik können fotorezeptorselektive Reize für psychophysische und elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen erzeugt werden. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Methoden
versucht Silent Substitution nicht, die selektiv zu reizende Fotorezeptorklasse empfindlicher zu machen als die anderen, sondern es wird versucht, den Stimulus für die anderen
Fotorezeptorklassen „unsichtbar“ zu machen. Da die Selektivität hierbei auch unabhängig vom Adaptationszustand ist, können verschiedene Fotorezeptorklassen unter identischen Bedingungen
verglichen werden. Die Grundlagen dieser Technik werden hier erklärt. Außerdem wird darauf eingegangen, welchen Einfluss die postrezeptorale Verarbeitung auf die Wahrnehmung von
fotorezeptorselektiven Reizen hat. Obwohl die Technik derzeit spezialisierten sinnesphysiologischen Laboren vorbehalten ist, hat sie ein großes Potenzial zur klinischen Anwendung.