bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review/Perspective On the Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Spinal Arachnoid Cysts
Authors: Epstein Nancy E.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Spinal arachnoid cysts (SAC) are typically congenital, spontaneous, traumatic (i.e., including iatrogenic/surgical), or inflammatory in origin. In descending order, they occur in the thoracic, lumbar, and cervical spine, and originate from focal entrapment of the arachnoid membrane. Arachnoid cysts represent 1–2% of all cystic spinal masses/tumors. The majority are extradural arachnoid cysts (EDAC) while 10% of all arachnoid cysts are intradural (IDAC) including subarachnoid, or extra-arachnoidal/subdural. Only rarely are they intramedullary in location. The clinical symptoms/signs of IDAC/EDAC include; intracranial hypotension (i.e., due to continued cerebrospinal fluid drainage), radiculopathy, and/or myelopathy.

Methods:

Magnetic Resonance Images (MR) and Myelo-Computed Tomography (Myelo-CT) studies classically document the predominant dorsal location of IDAC/EDAC. They also show their extent and severity contributing to root, cord, and/or cauda equina compression. In the cervical/thoracic spine, MR/Myelo-CT studies classically show the “double cord” or “windsock” signs, while the “fake arachnoiditis sign” may be seen in the lumbar spine. The latter sign signals the presence of a circumferential extra-arachnoidal-subdural cyst that centrally “traps” the cauda equina. Note, that this resembles and is often misinterpreted as adhesive archnoiditis.

Results:

Patients with significant SAC-related neurological deficits typically warrant early surgery. That surgery includes; partial/total resection/fenestration of cyst walls, and occlusion of communicating fistulas with or without accompanying shunts.

Conclusion:

It is critical to recognize the clinical (i.e., intracranial hypotension, radiculopathy, and/or myelopathy) and radiographic MR/Myelo-CT signs (i.e., “double cord,” “windsock signs”, or “fake arachnoiditis sign”) of IDAC, EDAC, or intramedullary spinal arachnoid cysts to appropriately offer treatment. For those with significant neurological deficits, early surgery (i.e. optimally 0-< 24 hours after the onset of symptoms/signs consisting of laminectomies, partial/total cyst resection/fenestration, and ligation/occlusion of the subarachnoid-cyst fistula with or without shunt placement), is essential to avoid significant permanent neurological sequelae.
Atypical radiographic case of arachnoid web without scalpel sign
Authors: Nagashima Yoshitaka , Nishimura Yusuke , Ito Hiroshi , Oyama Takahiro , Nishii Tomoya , Gonda Tomomi , Kato Hiroyuki , Saito Ryuta
Published: March 2022

Background:

Spinal arachnoid webs (SAW) occur when abnormally thickened bands of arachnoid membranes commonly located dorsal to the thoracic spine cause blockage of normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, resulting in focal cord compression and myelopathy. The pathognomonic MR finding for SAW is the “positive scalpel sign” comprised of an enlarged dorsal CSF space with a normal ventral subarachnoid space. The main differential diagnostic consideration for SAW is idiopathic spinal cord herniation (ISCH); however, for ISCH, MR studies classically demonstrate ventral displacement of the spinal cord through an anterior dural defect. Here, we describe a 60-year-old female with an atypical SAW at the T3-T4 level (i.e., the preoperative MR failed to demonstrate the “positive scalpel sign”). Nevertheless, at surgery, intraoperative ultrasonography confirmed that SAW was present and was decompressed/marsupialized/removed.

Case Description:

A 60-year-old female presented with sensory impairment to both lower extremities. The thoracic MR images showed an enlarged dorsal CSF space at the T3-T4 level but without the “scalpel sign” suggesting “interruption” of CSF flow by thickened bands of focal dorsal arachnoidal tissues. Although the initial preoperative diagnosis was ISCH, intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) confirmed the presence of a thickened arachnoid band, confirming the diagnosis of a SAW that was appropriately decompressed/resected.

Conclusion:

Correctly, establishing the preoperative diagnosis of a SAW based on MR imaging may sometimes be difficult as the typical “scalpel sign” may not be present in all patients. Notably, in cases like this one, IOUS may critically confirm the diagnosis of SAW thus leading to appropriate SAW decompression/removal.
Intracranial varix of the transverse-sigmoid dural arteriovenous fistula mimicking a ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm: A case report
Authors: Onuma Kuniyuki , Yanaka Kiyoyuki , Tsukada Atsushi , Nakamura Kazuhiro , Matsumaru Yuji , Ishikawa Eiichi
Published: March 2022

Background:

Hemorrhagic stroke is caused by various vascular abnormalities, such as aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF). Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (3DCTA) are used as efficient initial diagnostic modalities in assessing the etiology of hemorrhagic stroke. We describe the unusual case of a false-positive aneurysm on MRA and 3DCTA.

Case Description:

A 65-year-old nonhypertensive woman was brought to our hospital with a sudden onset of headache and left hemiparesis. She also had chemosis in the right eye. CT and magnetic resonance imaging showed an intracerebral hemorrhage in the right temporal lobe. MRA and 3DCTA showed a rounded mass suggestive of an aneurysm arising from the bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and also demonstrated an abnormal tortuous vessel contacting with a rounded mass. Digital subtraction angiography showed a transversesigmoid sinus DAVF with a varix in contact with the MCA bifurcation. Hematoma evacuation and venous drainage disconnection through the right frontotemporal craniotomy were performed.

Conclusion:

This case is very instructive and clinicians should keep in mind that detailed neurological and radiological examinations are essential in obtaining an accurate diagnosis, especially if the bleeding source is similar in shape and location to common lesions (such as a cerebral aneurysm).
Surgical nuances in corpus callosotomy as a palliative epilepsy surgery
Authors: Darwish Ahmed , Radwan Hesham , Fayed Zeiad , Mounir Samir M. , Hamada Salah
Published: March 2022

Background:

Corpus callosotomy is a well-established palliative procedure in selected patients with drug resistant epilepsy (DRE). It has a beneficial role in ameliorating generalized seizures mainly drop attacks. Here, we present some technical tips for performing callosotomy depending on the anatomical basis, to minimize craniotomy size and guard against inadvertently entering the lateral ventricles.

Methods:

This study was a retrospective review of patients who received corpus callosotomy at our institute as a palliative epilepsy surgery. We present our experience and surgical tips with the extraventricular technique of corpus callosotomy with comparison of surgery-related complications and operative time between extraventricular and conventional techniques in selected patients with DRE.

Results:

Our study included 34 patients. First group of patients included 14 patients who received conventional approach, while the extraventricular approach was done in 20 patients. Extraventricular approach showed significantly lower wound complications rate of 10% compared to 78% in intraventricular approach (P < 0.001). Mean operative time was significantly lower in extraventricular versus conventional technique with 52 min versus 94 min, respectively (P < 0.001). Planned extent of corpus callosotomy resection was achieved in all our patients using both approaches.

Conclusion:

The cleft of the septum pellucidum offers a natural pursuit to section corpus callosum strictly midline and completely extraventricular in well selected patients of DRE candidate for callosotomy. Performing corpus callosotomy in extraventricular approach provided better patients outcomes regarding surgery and wound-related complications when compared to conventional approach.
Basilar artery incarceration secondary to a longitudinal clivus fracture: A rare and favorable outcome of an often devastating injury
Authors: Laing Brandon Robert Winston , Hedayat Hirad S.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Clival fractures are a rare traumatic finding and are often the result of high-impact craniofacial trauma. Rarely, longitudinal clival fractures can be associated with incarceration of the basilar artery within the fracture and/or the sphenoid sinus. Of the 12 reported cases of basilar incarceration, 11 of these injuries have proved to be fatal due to pontine infarction. We present a patient with basilar artery incarceration without any neurologic deficits.

Case Description:

The case reported is a 17-year-old male who presented after a motor vehicle collision with a linear and longitudinal clival fracture with entrapment of the basilar artery within the sphenoid sinus. Diagnostic subtraction angiography showed a small intimal tear with possible intraluminal thrombus. The patient was started on aspirin and at 3-month post injury had no neurologic deficits.

Conclusion:

Basilar artery incarceration is an injury often associated with pontine infarction secondary to basilar artery dissection and/or thrombus developing at the site of entrapment. Our case illustrates a favorable outcome after this injury. Based on these results, antiplatelet therapy may be a viable option for prevention of brainstem infarcts in patients with this injury; however, further prospective studies must be done to assess the overall efficacy and validity of this treatment. There are no established treatment guidelines for this condition. Further research on this topic should also be tailored toward early identification of this pathology and prevention of thromboembolic sequelae of this injury.
INFLUENCE OF THE BOTANICAL STRUCTURE OF THE STRATIGRAPHIC PEAT SPEAK ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF MACHROMOLECULES OF HUMIC ACIDS
Authors: Осницкий Е.М. , Сартаков М.П. , Заров Е.А.
Published: March 2022

В данной статье выявлено влияние исходных растений торфообразователей стратиграфической колонки торфа на строение макромолекул гуминовых кислот (ГК), извлеченных из этих торфов. Для оценки строения использовались данные элементного анализа и УФ-спектроскопии.Сведения об элементном составе позволили получить информацию о принципах строения макромолекул ГК. Атомные отношения Н/С уменьшаются в следующей последовательности: ГК сапропелей, ГК гипново-травяных сапропелей, ГК шейхцериевых и сфагново-щейхцериевых торфов,  ГК сфагновых мочажинных и сфагновых комплексных торфов, ГК сфагновых фускум торфов.В ультрафиолетовой области спектра наблюдаются монотонно убывающие зависимости оптической плотности растворов с увеличением длины волны, дающие представление о сопряжении в макромолекуле. Выявлено, что оптическая плотность при длине волны 465 нм. Изменяется в той же но возрастающей последовательности. Наиболее развитая периферия, наблюдается у ГК сапропелей стратиграфической колонки. Наиболее развитая ароматическая составляющая у ГК сфагновых фускум торфов.

This article reveals the influence of the original peat-forming plants of the stratigraphic peat column on the structure of humic acid macromolecules (HA) extracted from these peats. To evaluate the structure, elemental analysis and UV spectroscopy data were used.Information on the elemental composition made it possible to obtain information on the principles of the structure of macromolecules of the CC. Atomic ratios of H / C are reduced in the following sequence: HA of sapropel, HA of hypnova-herbal sapropel, HA of sheikhcerium and sphagnum-schiechteryrium, peat Sphagnum bladder and sphagnum complex, HA of sphagnum pecus fuscum.In the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, monotonously decreasing dependences of the optical density of solutions with increasing wavelength are observed, giving an idea of the conjugation in the macromolecule. It is revealed that the optical density at a wavelength of 465 nm. Changes in the same but increasing sequence. The most developed periphery is observed in GK sapropel stratigraphic column. The most developed aromatic component of the peat GK Sphagnum Fuscum.
ARTIFICIAL NESTS USING FOR SECONDARY CAVITY NESTER POPULATION SUPPORT
Authors: Зорина А.А. , Марковский А.В. , Попков С.В. , Лычагина А.В.
Published: March 2022

Проанализированы результаты гнездования птиц в искусственных гнездовьях восьми заказников Ленинградской области в 2016 и 2017 гг. Заселенность составляет 57–58% при доле пригодных для использования гнездовий в 93–94%; удалось определить 18 видов птиц. Результаты включают информацию, необходимую для дальнейших мониторинговых работ по сохранению биоразнообразия на ключевых орнитологических территориях.

The results of the nesting birds in artificial nestboxes at eight reserves in the Leningrad region in 2016 and 2017years were analyzed. Nest population is at 57–58%, although the proportion of usable nests is at 93–94%; 18 bird species was determined. Data analysis results include information necessary for further monitoring of biodiversity conservation on key ornithological territories.
THE UPPER DON RIVER BASIN WATER LEVEL ANOMALIES AND THEIR HYDRO-ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES
Authors: Дмитриева В.А. , Бучик С.В.
Published: March 2022

Аномалии водности рек Верхнедонского бассейна формируются вследствие меняющихся климатических условий, главным образом, температуры воздуха, опосредованно влияющей на образование речного стока. На малых реках чаще, чем на средних и больших водотоках, возникает экстремальная водность.

The changing climate conditions cause formation of water level anomalies in the rivers of Upper Don Basin, with air temperature being the major factor indirectly influencing the structure of water drainage. Extreme water levels are more often registered in the small rather than medium or large rivers. This leads to series of water management and hydro-ecological issues.
TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Алексеев А.C.
Published: March 2022

В данной работе рассмотрен ряд аспектов и факторов формирования территориальной организации высшей школы Европейского Союза. Проведён количественный анализ по государствам-членам ЕС и высшим учебным заведениям этого региона в сравнении с другими странами и вузами мира.

Annotation. In this paper we examine a number of aspects and factors of the formation of the territorial organization of the higher school in the European Union. We conducted a quantitative analysis of the members of EU and their higher education institutions and compared them with other countries and universities of the world.
Modelling of Electrocatalytic Double Layers with Refined Treatment of Metal-Water Interactions and Chemisorption
Authors: Huang Jun
Published: March 2022

The double layer at metal-aqueous interfaces in electrocatalytic systems has two features that are inadequately described by classical double layer models, namely, metal-water chemical interactions and chemisorption of partially charged adsorbates. A modified model is developed herein to encompass these two features. Specifically, the first-layer water molecules are treated statistically, considering chemical interactions and a continuous spectrum of water orientational states. In the latter aspect, this model improves over the often-used two-state water models. In addition, the chemisorption processes are assumed to have distributed equilibrium potentials, and the partially charged chemisorbates form dipole moments. With these modifications, the present double layer provides insights into how the potential of zero charge and the double-layer capacitance are influenced by the first-layer water molecules and partially charged chemisorbates. The model is then employed to fit recent experimental capacitance data of Pt(111)-aqueous interfaces that are calculated from cyclic voltammetry (CV). Quantitative agreement between experiments and the model is obtained, based on the assumption that the CV-based capacitance data are not the pure double-layer capacitance but include chemisorption capacitances. This assumption is supported by the observation that the CV-based capacitance values are several fold higher than the values obtained using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, a technique that can separate pure double-layer charging and chemisorption processes. The model and the explanation of experimental data are critically discussed.
A Perspective on Sustainable Ecology in the Light of the Qur'an
Authors: ARICI Handan , AK Hacer
Published: March 2022

Today, the ecological system is being destroyed due to the environmental pollution. Unlimited consumption habits and the use of non-recyclable materials disrupt the ecological balance; thus endangering the life of all living things in danger. This situation puts the life of all living things in danger. This paper explores how religion might shape perspectives on sustainability measures. The references from the Holy Quran on ecological issues have been highlighted to bring into light the teachings and instructions of Islam and the collaboration of Islamic teachings into environmental campaigns in order to raise social awareness on sustainability issues has been proposed. This paper explains how environmental issues are mentioned in the Qur'an and suggests studies involving Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge (RCMV) teachers and the religious commissaries to protect the environment. At the same time this study shows that it is necessary to act in accordance with the nature of the earth for a more balanced, peaceful and sustainable existential climate.
Approximate fixed point theorems for weak contractions on neutrosophic normed spaces
Authors: M Jeyaraman , A Ramachandran , V B Shakila
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we define concept of approximate fixed point property of a function and a set in Neutrosophic normed space. Furthermore, we give Neutrosophic version of some class of maps used in fixed point theory and investigate approximate fixed point property of these maps.
Evaluasi Penerapan Laporan Keuangan Berdasarkan SAK EMKM Pada Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah
Authors: Utomo Langgeng Prayitno
Published: March 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seperti apa penyajian laporan keuangan pada UMKM apakah sudah berstandar pada SAK ETAP. Dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, melalui wawancara dan observasi. Informan kunci dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 4 orang pemilik UMKM unggulan, dari hasil wawancara diketahui bahwa ke empat UMKM sudah melakukan pencatatan atas transaksi keuangan yang sering terjadi dalam usaha mereka. Berdasarkan analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa beberapa UMKM telah mampu menyusun laporan bersandar SAK ETAP, meskipun ada yang belum memenuhi standar SAK ETAP. Adapun kendala yang dihadapi oleh para pemilik UMKM yaitu diantaranya keterbatasan kemampuan dan waktu.
Analisis Tingkat Literasi Keuangan Pengguna Fintech Payment OVO
Authors: Anisah Nur , Crisnata Hizkia Franzias
Published: March 2022

Knowledge of financial Management should be the basis for decision making for MSMEs in running their business. Supported by various regulations and facilities by the government and private sector, MSMEs should be able to make the best use of technology in accordance with their business needs. Fintech is a financial service that can help players to make payment transactions. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with the aim to find out the level of MSMEs financial literacy in Mojokerto City about Financial Technology (Fintech) Payment. Financial literacy has 4 levels: not literate, less literate, sufficient literate, well literate. Financial literacy is measured by indicators of knowledge, beliefs, features, benefits, risks, rights and obligations, and skills in using fintech payments. The key informants in this study are the owners of the MSMEs Paradox Cafe and John Like Bread in Mojokerto City who use fintech payment OVO in their business. The data analysis technique used in this study was triangulation. Based on the results of the interview it can be concluded that the Paradox Cafe and Bread of John Like Mojokerto City have a literacy level that is well literate because they have knowledge, beliefs, features, benefits, risks, rights and obligations, as well as skills in using fintech payment in managing financial transactions and in decision making for his efforts.
Peranan Audit Internal Pada Pembiayaan Kelompok Mikro Perempuan Dalam Upaya Pencegahan Frauding
Authors: Susilo Dwi Ermayanti
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to see how the role of internal audit on women's microfinance at PNM Mekaar in fraud detection and prevention. The research used a qualitative approach, making direct observations, conducting interviews and collecting data in the form of documents carried out by internal audits. Where the company's internal audit is active on the financing of women's micro groups in the prevention of fraud with evidence in the 2017 examination which revealed that during the examination of 4 groups there was no fraud, including delinquency in payment of insurance claims, customers who died had not received complete insurance documents, the use of bailout funds by one of the customers, monitoring activities are not in accordance with the control provisions which must be done once a month and billing statements for three customers who have paid three times but are not recorded by the head office system.
Analisa Cost and Benefit atas Sustainability Reporting
Authors: Lusy Lusy , Devina Vincentia
Published: March 2022

This research tootk the topik of Sustainability Reporting, to creat a Triple Bottom Line Implementation. The target of this research is to raise awareness of the company, to be responsible for economic, social, and environmental aspects, including reducing production waste, and reprocessing it into waste that is safe for the environment. The object of this research is BUMN in the mining sector. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, by taking secondary data from the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data obtained are analyzed for Cost and Benefit, so that we know the benefits of environmental care, known as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This research shows that the cost and benefits of the CSR program are already running effectively. The increase in costs increases public confidence, especially in preserving the environment and improving the standard of living of the community, through an educational program financed by the state-owned mining company.
Alloplastik kemik grefti uygulanmış sıçan kalvarial kemik defekt modelinde rosmarinik asidin terapötik etkileri
Authors: DEVECİ Busra , DAĞ Ahmet , KADİROĞLU Ela Tules , AŞIR Fırat , GOKALP-OZKORKMAZ Ebru , DEVECİ Engin
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Travma, neoplazmalar, enfeksiyonlar ve doğuştan anomaliler gibi pek çok neden, kalvaryal kemik kusurlarına neden olabilir. Kraniyal bölgedeki kemik kusurlarını gidermek ve kemik yenilenmesini uyarmak için çeşitli greft tipleri denenmiş ve tedavi yöntemleri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmamızda Rosmarinik asidin (RA) greft materyali uygulanmış sıçan kalvaryal kemik defekt modeli üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmada Wistar erkek sıçanlar (n=32) dörde bölündü; kontrol olarak defekt grubu (n=8), defekt+RA uygulamalı grup (n=8), defekt+greft (n=8), defekt+greft+RA uygulamalı grup (n=8). Anestezi altında frontal kemik açılarak ve periosteal elevatör ile periosteal flep çıkarıldı ve orta hatta dairesel tam kalınlıkta kemik defekti (5 mm) oluşturuldu. Grup iki ve üçte defekt bölgesine allogreft materyal yerleştirildi, doku dikilerek kapatıldı. RA (100mg/kg) oral yolla 7 gün süre ile uygulandı. 28 gün sonra tüm hayvanlar sakrifiye edildi ve kalvaryal kemikler çıkarıldı, %10’luk formalin ile tespit edildikten sonra, %5’lik EDTA (Etilendiamin tetraasetik asit) ile dekalsifiye edildi, rutin histolojik preparasyondan sonra 4-6 μm kalınlığında kesitler kesildi ve Hematoksilen Eosin ile boyandı. BMP-2 (Bone morphogenetic proteins) kemik morfogenetik proteinleri immunohistokimyasal olarak işaretlendi ve ışık mikroskobu altında incelendi. Kan örneklerinden alkalen fosfataz (ALP), kreatin kinaz (KK), total antioksidan seviyesi (TAS), total oksidan seviyesi (TOS) ve oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI) parametreleri çalışıldı. Bulgular: TAS değeri defekt+greft+RA grubunda defekt grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.05). OSI değeri defekt+greft+RA grubunda defekt grubuna göre anlamlı olarak düşüktür. Greft alanı içinde inflamatuvar hücrelerin az sayıda soliter olarak dağıldığı, kan damarlarında dilatasyon ve konjesyonun azaldığı tespit edildi. Ana kemik bölgesine yakın kemik tarbeküllerin genişlediği osteoblastik aktivitenin belirginleştiği matriks yapısının olgunlaştığı ve osteositlerin laküna içinde yerleştiği görüldü. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, RA+Greft uygulaması ile kalvariyal defekt modelinde osteoblastik aktiviteyi indükleyerek osteosit oluşumuna ve yeni kemik gelişimine neden olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Apparel Supply Chain Optimization Focusing On Right Supplier Selection
Authors: Ahmad Shibbir , Kamruzzaman Mohammad
Published: March 2022

The apparel manufacturing organization has been suffering from delivery issues due to the unavailability of materials in a timely manner. In this paper, the analysis has been focused on the selection criteria of the suppliers to find the right supplier to place the material’s orders to get it on time and optimize the supply chain. Furthermore, it has seen the delay delivery status of the conventionally selected suppliers in the disaster situation. Meanwhile, the results have been found after the placement of the orders to the right suppliers to get the best outcome. 20% efficiency has been intensified because of the timely inhoused of the materials, which helps to reduce the productivity gap and the smooth supply chain can be maintained due to the right supplier’s selection by the analysis through cost ratio analysis method and dimensional analysis method. Moreover, the profit-loss analysis has shown the consequences of the erroneous supplier’s assortment.
Covid-19 un, BIST Ulaştırma Endeksinde Faaliyet Gösteren Havayolu İşletmelerinin Finansal Performansı Üzerindeki Etkilerinin, Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri İle Analizi
Authors: Kurt Ganite , Kablan Ali
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 salgınının Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren ve BİST Ulaştırma Endeksinde (XULAS) yer alan havayolu şirketlerinin finansal performansları üzerindeki etkileri, Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) Teknikleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla XULAS endeksinde yer alan havayolu işletmelerinin 2019-2020 yıllarına ait finansal verileri, ÇKKV tekniklerinden TOPSIS ve MABAC yöntemleri ile birlikte analize tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre COVID 19 salgınının havayolu taşımacılığı finansal performansı üzerindeki olumsuz etkisi ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları literatürde yer alan çalışmaları destekler nitelikte olup; araştırma sonuçlarına dayanak oluşturmak amaçlı Devlet Hava Meydanları İşletmeleri Genel Müdürlüğü (DHMİ) 2019-2020 yılı finansal verileri de, ÇKKV yöntemleri ile analize tabi tutulmuştur. Analiz sonucunda havayolu işletmelerinin analiz bulgularını destekler nitelikte, DHMİ’nin de finansal performansının COVID-19 salgınından olumsuz etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir.
Designing new agents for the peloruside binding site
Authors:   , Woolly Ethan
Published: March 2022

Peloruside A (10) is a marine natural product isolated from the sponge Mycale hentscheli originally found in Pelorus Sound, New Zealand. It has the potential to be used as a new anti-cancer agent as it is active against various cancerous cell lines at nanomolar concentrations though stabilisation of microtubules. Development of peloruside A as a drug has been hindered due to a lack of viable sources of the compound, from either large-scale isolation attempts from the sponge or though total synthesis efforts. Therefore, an alternative was proposed though guided analogue synthesis to simplify the structure in a way that still retains the pharmacophores, identified as the side chain (highlighted in blue) and the pyran (highlighted in yellow) while being more synthetically accessible.

Simple, robust reactions were chosen for the major connections (e.g. forming triazole, ester and amide functional groups) and scaffolding elements (amino acid, 49) were proposed for connection of the pharmacophores to form analogue 47. The unique shape and stereochemistry of the side chain (48) has limited possible new approaches with its synthesis. Instead the proposed synthesis was quite conserved following methodology from previous attempts, namely work undertaken by Taylor.1 The proposed pyran motif differs from that in peloruside A, as it does not have to meet strictly defined binding interactions with the microtubule as much needed for the side chain. As such, a wide variety of synthetic methodology could be considered.

The synthesis of the side chain fragment proved to be quite challenging in both the alkylation that established the stereochemistry of C-18 and the allylation that established the stereochemistry of C 15. Future work will need to focus on overcoming these issues if peloruside A analogues will be produced with this design and at scale. The pyran also had issues in its formation and issues with stereoselectivity, but was generally successful, producing several unique structures. While there were few positive results for hydroxyl-containing pyrans due to unexpected side reactions giving rise to 2,6 dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane 261, results with chloride-containing pyrans along with their dehydro chlorinated products (235, 236, 280, 282) led to a deep investigation into the mechanism of Prins pyran cyclisation in this system.
Stopper fragments in parenteral preparations: a potential problem
Authors: Gomes Pucciarelli Janayna , Watanabe Evandro , De Godoy Simone , Maciel Monteiro Rachel , Castania Amadio Domingues Pedro , Marchi-Alves Leila Maria
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The presence of extrinsic particles in injectable solutions is a medicationerror of usual occurrence that may has important clinical significance. This study aimedto evaluate the presence of stopper fragments in solution derived from bottle-vial afterthe preparation of drugs using different sorts of needles. Outline: experimental study,wherein 50 bottles-vials were used, divided into groups. Group 1: stopper perforatedwith three-bevel tip needle; Group 2: stopper perforated with blunt tip needle; Group3: without perforation of the stopper. The figure and the size of the particles weredetermined through optic microscopy. The data were analyzed by means of descriptivestatistics and the differences among the groups were analyzed through Fischer’s ExactTest. Results: it was verified the presence of six stopper fragments in the solutionderived from five bottles which had the stoppers perforated by three-bevel tip needle(29.4%) and the two fragments in two bottles which had the stoppers perforated withblunt tip needle (11.8%), with significant difference (p=0.044) in the comparison amongthe groups. The three-bevel tip needle produces larger particles (0.36 mm2) than thenblunt tip needle (0.12mm²). Implications: risk evaluations must enable the limitation,the detection, and the rejection of atypical unities at the time of the drugs’preparations, preserving patient safety
Dispositivo para Relajación muscular con puntos de presión utilizando Arduino Uno
Authors: García Torres Ingrid Angélica , Lizarzaburu Mora Annabelle Sally , Peñafiel Cox María Fernanda , Zurita Hurtado Harry Alfredo
Published: March 2022

Las personas que realizan diversas actividades tienden a sufrir estrés y ansiedad por mucha presión lo que puede ocasionar tensión muscular, dolor de cabeza-cuello y otros factores; esto influye de forma negativa en su vida cotidiana y a futuro. Una persona que sufre constantemente de estrés puede llegar a sufrir enfermedades cardiacas, enfermedades de la piel, presión arterial alta e inclusive obesidad. La presente investigación está basada en el desarrollo un dispositivo para relajación mediante puntos de presión a personas con estrés y ansiedad. Se elaboró un estudio bibliográfico sobre puntos de presión en la mano a través de la historia que incluye técnicas más usadas y recomendadas para la eficacia de la relajación. Se usó la metodología comparativa en donde se evaluó la funcionalidad, el costo y la confiabilidad. Como resultado de las pruebas se concluye que el dispositivo es un guante que cumple con las expectativas de los pacientes llegando a relajarlos.
Medición de campos magnéticos generados por equipos eléctricos y electrónicos en un centro de estudios superiores
Authors: Trejo Alarcón Jhoana Elisabeth , Mendoza Romero Isabella Soledad , Vera Marín Mishell Ariana , Morán González Byron David
Published: March 2022

La presente investigación se basa en un estudio descriptivo donde se midió el campo magnético generado por aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos presentes en el medio que nos rodea, ya que la vida cotidiana va a la par con el uso de la electricidad y, en consecuencia, se generan campos eléctricos y magnéticos, los mismos que solo pueden ser medidos con equipos especializados. Se presentan los resultados de mediciones de los campos magnéticos presentes en diferentes sectores dentro de un área educativa mediante una representación gráfica de los niveles de radiación encontrados en las zonas utilizadas para la toma de muestras. Se comprobó que en lugares con equipos electrónicos en uso se presentan niveles de radiación más elevados.
Anestesiología: Manejo invasivo del dolor agudo y crónico
Authors: Betancourt Enríquez Mónica Elizabeth , Basurto Macías Gema Gabriela , Garcia Reyes Fernanda Gisell , Tuitice Ulloa Darwin Napoleón
Published: March 2022

El dolor es un problema de salud cuyo manejo debe ser prioritario dada su frecuencia y repercusión en la calidad de vida de las personas. En la actualidad la Anestesiología es una rama de la medicina que abarca varias sub especialidades, entre ellas el manejo del dolor agudo y crónico. La relación entre la anestesiología y el dolor es clara y conocida. Los anestesiólogos enfrentan desde los inicios de la especialidad el desafío de combatir el dolor, inicialmente durante el acto quirúrgico y progresivamente en el manejo del dolor postoperatorio. Actualmente existe una gran variedad de técnicas para el manejo invasivo del dolor agudo y crónico, las cuales se llevan a cabo por un equipo multidisciplinario, en donde el anestesiólogo juega un rol fundamental. el objetivo de la presente investigación consiste en plasmar el manejo invasivo del dolor agudo y crónico por parte del anestesiólogo, haciendo referencia a las terapias intervencionistas clásicas y avanzadas. La investigación se realizó bajo una metodología de tipo documental bibliográfica, bajo la modalidad de revisión. En el manejo invasivo del dolor agudo y crónico se emplean muy diversas técnicas, partiendo de las más sencillas infiltraciones de puntos sensibles musculares hasta métodos más complejos como los neurodestructivos. Pueden emplearse como un componente del tratamiento multidireccional, especialmente recomendado en pacientes con dolor crónico. Las terapias intervencionistas tanto clásicas como avanzadas son técnicas invasivas efectivas de acuerdo a la selección de los pacientes. Cuando las terapias conservadoras no consiguen la reducción o supresión del dolor, resulta fundamental que el paciente con dolor, tanto agudo como crónico, tenga acceso a este tipo de intervenciones invasivas, con la finalidad de mejorar su estado de salud, su calidad de vida o ya sea aliviar su sufrimiento al término de esta.
Fibrilación auricular de baja respuesta ventricular con colocación de marcapaso como tratamiento
Authors: Parra Conforme Wilmer Guillermo , Figueroa Triviño Cynthia Shirley , Bellorin Rivas Nelmar Carys , Ortega Romero Nataly Gardenia
Published: March 2022

La fibrilación auricular es un ritmo cardíaco irregular y a menudo muy rápido (arritmia) que puede provocar coágulos de sangre en el corazón. Esta patología aumenta el riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular, insuficiencia cardíaca y otras complicaciones relacionadas con el corazón. Durante la FA las cavidades superiores (aurículas) del corazón laten de forma caótica e irregular, de forma no sincronizada con las cavidades inferiores (ventrículos) del corazón. En muchas personas, la fibrilación auricular puede ser asintomática. Sin embargo, puede provocar latidos cardíacos rápidos y fuertes (palpitaciones), falta de aire o debilidad. El diagnóstico definitivo es electrocardiográfico, es decir ausencia de ondas P y falta de equidistancia entre los tres componentes de la onda. Entre sus causas potenciales están: estrés, estados postquirúrgicos cardiovasculares, intoxicaciones por drogas ya sea, abuso del alcohol, la cocaína y la abstinencia a estas. Además, puede estar provocada por hipoxia e hipercapnia, alteraciones metabólicas o hemodinámicas como el hipertiroidismo. En aquellos casos en que los fármacos antiarrítmicos sean insuficientes o causen bradiarritmias importantes y sintomáticas, puede ser necesario implantar un marcapasos, ya sea para poder administrar dosis plenas de fármacos frenadores o, en caso de que con fármacos no se logre controlar la frecuencia cardiaca. El enfoque general del presente trabajo es dar a conocer las características, factores de riesgo y métodos de diagnóstico de la fibrilación auricular de baja respuesta ventricular con colocación de marcapaso como tratamiento. Los resultados se obtuvieron mediante el desarrollo de una investigación de tipo bibliográfica, delimitada a una metodología de revisión, que permite concluir que a pesar del creciente desarrollo de investigación en esta área, se requieren estudios que permitan obtener conocimientos más preciso del mecanismo fisiopatológico subyacente, lo que permitirá un uso racional y ajustado de la terapéutica disponible y la exploración de nuevos fármacos, tanto para el tratamiento sintomático como para la evolución pronostica.
Seminoma Mediastinal
Authors: Soledispa Navarrete Katherine Mercedes , Villalta Barreto Magaly Elizabeth , Suárez Bacilio Ana María , García Arteaga Martín Federico
Published: March 2022

Las células germinales primordiales (CGP) son los precursores de los ovocitos y espermatocitos, células encargadas de la mantención del genoma en la especie. Los tumores de células germinales del mediastino surgen como consecuencia de un error embriogénico durante la migración de las células germinales a las gónadas Las funciones del mediastino son múltiples, entre las cuales figura ser amortiguador de doble membrana. El mediastino responde a estos hechos manteniendo una función normal de los órganos Los seminomas son tumores de crecimiento lento que producen escasos síntomas, lo que explica por qué muchos han alcanzado gran tamaño cuando son detectados. La metodología de la investigación, es una revisión bibliográfica, apoyada en medios electrónicos como fuentes primarias de la obtención de la información como PubMed, índices académicos de índole científica como Scielo, repositorios de universidades y resultados de búsqueda proporcionados por nivel de relevancia por Google Académico. Lo que se busca es hacer un análisis de los aspectos más relevantes que consideran ciertos autores sobre el origen, desarrollo y patología del Seminoma mediastinal y de esta manera incorporarlos en la presente investigación, que sirva de punto de partida para otros estudios. Los seminomas mediastinales, además de ser poco frecuentes es un tema de amplio espectro en el cual no se debe aislar su estudio de los otros tipos de formas tumorales que se pueden presentar en el mediastino. Dada la histología e incidencia se logra puntualizar que, aun cuando el diagnóstico es complejo, principalmente por ser una afección asintomática, pueden identificarse ciertas características comunes en pacientes varones, entre los 20 y 40 años de edad pero esto no es excluyente para que se puedan ver casos en mujeres. El abordaje y tratamiento no se puede puntualizar, debido a su extensa gama de posibilidades, incluyendo la aparición tumoral mixta, pero se pudo constatar que la vía de extirpación quirúrgica es la más utilizada y el acceso al mismo dependerá de la ubicación del tumor. Al considerarse células malignas, la radiología y la quimioterapia son opción, siendo la última una vía de tratamiento comprobada para un diagnóstico de seminoma.
Guillan Barré. Síndrome
Authors: Cevallos Pablo Juan Manuel , Vaca Jácome Diego Alejandro , Ordoñez Calderón Dayanara Alexandra , Díaz Recalde Eddy Xavier
Published: March 2022

El síndrome de Guillain-Barré es una enfermedad rara capaz de presentar complicaciones importantes. Es la causa más frecuente de parálisis flácida a nivel mundial, genera una gran carga neuroinmune y provoca clásicamente polineuropatía aguda desmielinizante de etiología múltiple. Es un trastorno poco común en el cual el sistema inmunológico del cuerpo ataca parte del sistema nervioso periférico, cuyos síntomas incluyen debilidad muscular, entumecimiento, y sensación de hormigueo, que puede aumentar en intensidad hasta que los músculos no pueden utilizarse en absoluto. Este trastorno grave que requiere hospitalización inmediata, porque puede empeorar con rapidez. En consecuencia, cuanto antes se inicie el tratamiento apropiado, mayores serán las probabilidades de un buen resultado. El objetivo fundamental de la presente investigación el tratamiento del Síndrome de Guillain Barré. La investigación se realizó bajo una metodología de tipo documental bibliográfica, bajo la modalidad de revisión. El tratamiento incluye todos y cada uno de los cuidados que requiere un paciente crítico en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, para el mantenimiento de sus funciones vitales. El tratamiento específico incluye la plasmaféresis y la administración intravenosa de inmunoglobulinas. El inicio temprano del tratamiento permite una mejor evolución, pronóstico y recuperación del paciente.
Growth analysis of short duration transplanted Aus rice (cv. Parija) under three agronomic practices
Authors: Akter Mukta , Paul Newton Chandra , Sarkar Shubroto Kumar , Mahapatra Chandan Kumar , Sarkar Md. Abdur Rahman , Paul Swapan Kumar
Published: March 2022

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to investigate the growth of short duration transplanted Aus rice (cv. Parija) under three agronomic practices. The study comprised of two nursery seeding densities viz. 40 and 80 g seeds m-2, three ages of seedlings viz. 20, 30 and 40-day old, and three levels of seedlings hill-1 viz. 2, 4 and 6 seedlings hill-1. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. For individual treatment effects, the highest plant height, number of tillers hill-1, total dry matter, leaf area index and crop growth rate were found when seedlings were raised @ 40g seed m-2 and 30-day old seedlings were transplanted @4 seedlings hill-1. In interaction, the highest number of tillers hill-1 (13.00) and total dry matter (22.93 g) at 45 DAT, and crop growth rate (6.71 g m-2 day-1) at 15-30 DAT were obtained from the interaction among 40 g seed m-2 × 30-day old seedlings × 4 seedlings hill-1. On the other hand, the tallest plant (73.27 cm) at 45 DAT was found from the interaction among 80 g seed m-2 × 30-day old seedlings × 4 seedlings hill-1, while the highest leaf area index (2.87) was recorded from the interaction of 40 g seed m-2 × 30-day old seedlings × 2 seedlings hill-1 at 50 DAT. Considering both the significant individual and interaction treatment effects on the growth parameters, the use of 40 g seed m-2 × 30-day old seedlings × 4 seedlings hill-1 could improve the growth performance of short duration transplanted Aus rice (cv. Parija). Therefore, a nursery seeding density of 40 g seed m-2 and 30-day old seedlings transplanting with 4 seedlings hill-1 appears as the promising combination in respect of growth performance of short duration transplanted Aus rice (cv. Parija).
Aktualności z działalności Haskiej Konferencji Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego
Authors: Konieczna Kinga
Published: March 2022

Haska Konferencja Prawa Prywatnego Międzynarodowego (HKPPM) stanowi obecnie główne światowe forum dla działań na rzecz unifikacji prawa prywatnego międzynarodowego. Konsekwencje postępującej globalizacji silnie przejawiają się nie tylko w obszarze międzynarodowych transakcji handlowych, lecz także w sprawach dotyczących nieprofesjonalnych uczestników obrotu, których życie oraz relacje rodzinne coraz częściej nie zamykają się w granicach jednego państwa. Obchody 125. rocznicy działalności HKPPM stały się okolicznością skłaniającą do refleksji zarówno nad bogatym dorobkiem legislacyjnym konferencji, jak i nad przyszłością prawa prywatnego międzynarodowego oraz najistotniejszymi wyzwaniami w tej dziedzinie w perspektywie najbliższych lat. Artykuł zwięźle prezentuje aktualne kierunki działalności HKPPM oraz jej struktury organizacyjne, które pełnią fundamentalną rolę dla sprawnego realizowania założonych celów. Ich analiza prowadzi do obserwacji, że HKPPM nie pozostaje obojętna na zmiany zachodzące w świecie, płynnie i postępowo wychodząc naprzeciw wyzwaniom współczesności. Przeważająca większość instrumentów prawnych przyjętych na przestrzeni 125-letniej działalności konferencji przetrwała próbę czasu, a dbałość o jednolite oraz prawidłowe wykorzystywanie przyjętych aktów prawnych znajduje odzwierciedlenie w powszechnym ich wykorzystywaniu.
Odpowiedzialność operatora internetowej platformy transakcyjnej za naruszenie prawa ochronnego do znaku towarowego w świetle orzecznictwa Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Szczuka Patrycja
Published: March 2022

Celem artykułu jest analiza sytuacji prawnej operatora internetowej platformy transakcyjnej w kontekście jego odpowiedzialności za naruszenie prawa ochronnego do znaku towarowego. W pierwszej kolejności omówiona została ogólna charakterystyka znaku towarowego jako instytucji prawnej oraz przysługujące jego właścicielowi prawo ochronne. W dalszej części wywodu szczegółowo zbadano kwestie związane z naruszeniem prawa ochronnego do znaku towarowego w oparciu o orzecznictwo Trybunału Sprawiedliwości oraz poglądy doktryny. W artykule poruszono również materię jurysdykcji w sprawach z zakresu naruszeń prawa ochronnego do znaku towarowego z jednoczesnym wskazaniem rozwiązań dotyczących tej jurysdykcji przyjętych w polskim porządku prawnym. Wszelkie powyższe punkty w konkluzji doprowadziły do zweryfikowania, czy na podstawie ogółu okoliczności prawnych i faktycznych można przypisać operatorowi internetowej platformy transakcyjnej odpowiedzialność za naruszenie prawa ochronnego do znaku towarowego. Uzasadnione zdaje się postawienie tezy, że zaistnienie odpowiedzialności będącej przedmiotem wywodu jest każdorazowo zależne od okoliczności faktycznych i podlega ocenie sądu. Ponadto, przedstawiona została relacja prawa właściwego dla sporów wynikających z naruszenia prawa do znaku towarowego do odpowiedzialności operatora internetowej platformy transakcyjnej, będącego przedstawicielem szeroko pojętego podmiotu świadczącego usługi społeczeństwa informacyjnego. Całokształt rozważań został przeprowadzony zarówno w ujęciu krajowym, jak i unijnym, z uwzględnieniem relacji tychże porządków prawnych względem siebie. Podstawą wywodu jest bogate orzecznictwo Trybunału Sprawiedliwości zarówno w kontekście samej definicji zjawiska naruszenia prawa ochronnego do znaku towarowego, jak również jurysdykcji i prawa właściwego dla sporów związanych z tymże naruszeniem. Temat artykułu jest istotny szczególnie z punktu widzenia współczesnego obrotu gospodarczego, toteż jego analiza jest w zupełności uzasadniona. Dodatkowo stwierdzić należy, że dalsze rozważania przedstawicieli doktryny byłyby szczególnie zasadne.