bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pedestrians and Visual Signs of Intent
Authors: Verma Himanshu , Pythoud Guillaume , Eden Grace , Lalanne Denis , Evéquoz Florian
Published: September 2019

Autonomous Passenger Shuttles (APS) are rapidly becoming an urban public transit alternative. Traversing populous commercial and residential centers, these shuttles are already operating in several cities. In the absence of a human driver and embedded means of communicating the autonomous shuttle's intent, the task of seamlessly navigating crosswalks and pedestrian-friendly zones becomes a challenging pursuit for pedestrians.

We contribute to the emerging notion of AV-Pedestrian Interaction by examining the context of autonomous passenger shuttles (APS) in real-world settings, and by comparing four different classes of visual signals -- namely instructional, symbolic, metaphorical, and anthropomorphic -- designed to communicate the shuttle's intentions. Following a participatory methodology involving local residents and public transport service provider, and working within the framework of inflexible road traffic regulations concerning the operation and testing of autonomous vehicles, we conducted a participatory design workshop, a qualitative, and a survey study. The findings revealed differences across these four classes of signals in terms of pedestrians' subjective perceptions. Anthropomorphic signals were identified as the preferred and effective modality in terms of pedestrians' interpretation of the communicated intent and their perceived sense of attention, confidence, and calmness. Additionally, pedestrians' experiences while judging the intention of transitionary vehicular states (starting/slowing) were reported as perplexing and evoked stress. These findings were translated into design and policy implications in collaboration with other stakeholders, and exemplify a viable way for assimilating human factors research in urban mobility.
News From the Background to the Foreground
Authors: Wirfs-Brock Jordan , Quehl Katie
Published: September 2019

People are the designers and curators of their own news and information ecosystems, due to the disruption of the news industry and developments in media technology. To understand how people use technology to manage their news consumption, we conducted a two-week diary study with 14 participants, focusing on how people transition between news content and behaviors via different media, sources, platforms and devices. We used an inductive, qualitative analysis of the diary study data to analyze the news behaviors and their underlying motivations and found that people frequently shift their focus between ambient background news streams and active foreground news behaviors. Although people often passively consume news content as a background activity, they also actively manage background news habits to increase the chances of relevant foreground experiences. People manage news consumption by developing routines that are often supported by technology use and social interactions. We encourage product designers to treat backgrounding as an essential part of news consumption behavior and suggest new design directions that employ ubiquitous computing technologies---such as context sensing and routine modeling---to more effectively attend to background-to-foreground behaviors and transitions.
AdaRF
Authors: Xu Huatao , Wang Dong , Zhao Run , Zhang Qian
Published: September 2019

Nowadays, RFID-based localization systems have been widely deployed in many factories and warehouses for sorting or locating products. These systems are mainly generalized schemes which might suffer severe accuracy degradation in multipath-rich scenarios. In order to suppress environmental interferences, we present a fine-grained RFID-based indoor localization system AdaRF, which leverages deep learning enhanced holography to create adaptive localization models for individual environments. The key idea is to optimize the localization model using signals from a small number of known location tags to achieve high positioning accuracy in its deployed environment. Based on this point, we propose Adjacent Differential Hologram (ADH) which yields a robust location-independent probability map for each tag. AdaRF subsequently leverages the neural network to create an effective hologram-based position estimation method, which estimates the target tag position by analyzing the whole hologram. And we introduce transfer learning technique to significantly lower training cost for the position estimation model while ensuring high accuracy simultaneously. Comparative experiments demonstrate AdaRF achieves cm-level positioning accuracy both in the lateral and radial direction with only one moving antenna even in complex scenarios.
iVR
Authors: Xu Jingao , Chen Hengjie , Qian Kun , Dong Erqun , Sun Min , Wu Chenshu , Zhang Li , Yang Zheng
Published: September 2019

Smartphone localization is essential to a wide range of applications in shopping malls, museums, office buildings, and other public places. Existing solutions relying on radio fingerprints and/or inertial sensors suffer from large location errors and considerable deployment efforts. We observe an opportunity in the recent trend of increasing numbers of security surveillance cameras installed in indoor spaces to overcome these limitations and revisit the problem of smartphone localization with a fresh perspective. However, fusing vision-based and radio-based systems is non-trivial due to the absence of absolute location, incorrespondence of identification and looseness of sensor fusion. This study proposes iVR, an integrated vision and radio localization system that achieves sub-meter accuracy with indoor semantic maps automatically generated from only two surveillance cameras, superior to precedent systems that require manual map construction or plentiful captured images. iVR employs a particle filter to fuse raw estimates from multiple systems, including vision, radio, and inertial sensor systems. By doing so, iVR outputs enhanced accuracy with zero start-up costs, while overcoming the respective drawbacks of each individual sub-system. We implement iVR on commodity smartphones and validate its performance in five different scenarios. The results show that iVR achieves a remarkable localization accuracy of 0.7m, outperforming the state-of-the-art systems by >70%.
AcousticID
Authors: Xu Wei , Yu ZhiWen , Wang Zhu , Guo Bin , Han Qi
Published: September 2019

Human identification plays an important role in our daily lives. Previous studies have successfully used characteristics such as fingerprints, irises, and facial features for identity recognition. However, these methods require the user being close to the sensing device, which may cause inconvenience to users. In this paper, we present AcousticID, a system that uses fine-grained gait information derived from acoustic signals generated by Commercial Off-The-Shelf devices to identify human beings. We demonstrate the feasibility of gait recognition by analyzing the Doppler effect of various body parts on acoustic signals while walking, and then extract fine-grained gait features that can distinguish different people from both macro and micro dimensions. Similar to an access control system in the home or office, AcousticID is a convenient, low cost, and universal solution. We evaluate AcousticID using experiments with 50 volunteers in an area of 60 m2, and the results show that it can identify different persons with an average accuracy of 96.6%.
WiDetect
Authors: Zhang Feng , Wu Chenshu , Wang Beibei , Lai Hung-Quoc , Han Yi , Liu K. J. Ray
Published: September 2019

Motion detection acts as a key component for a range of applications such as home security, occupancy and activity monitoring, retail analytics, etc. Most existing solutions, however, require special installation and calibration and suffer from frequent false alarms with very limited coverage. In this paper, we propose WiDetect, a highly accurate, robust, and calibration-free wireless motion detector that achieves almost zero false alarm rate and large through-the-wall coverage. Different from previous approaches that either extract data-driven features or assume a few reflection multipaths, we model the problem from a perspective of statistical electromagnetic (EM) by accounting for all multipaths indoors. By exploiting the statistical theory of EM waves, we establish a connection between the autocorrelation function of the physical layer channel state information (CSI) and target motion in the environment. On this basis, we devise a novel motion statistic that is independent of environment, location, orientation, and subjects, and then perform a hypothesis testing for motion detection. By harnessing abundant multipaths indoors, WiDetect can detect arbitrary motion, be it in Line-Of-Sight vicinity or behind multiple walls, providing sufficient whole-home coverage for typical apartments and houses using a single link on commodity WiFi. We conduct extensive experiments in a typical office, an apartment, and a single house with different users for an overall period of more than 5 weeks. The results show that WiDetect achieves a remarkable detection accuracy of 99.68% with a zero false rate, significantly outperforming the state-of-the-art solutions and setting up the stage for ubiquitous motion sensing in practice.
Diversity, Genomics, and Distribution of Phytoplankton-Cyanobacterium Single-Cell Symbiotic Associations
Authors: Foster Rachel A. , Zehr Jonathan P.
Published: September 2019

Cyanobacteria are common in symbiotic relationships with diverse multicellular organisms (animals, plants, fungi) in terrestrial environments and with single-celled heterotrophic, mixotrophic, and autotrophic protists in aquatic environments. In the sunlit zones of aquatic environments, diverse cyanobacterial symbioses exist with autotrophic taxa in phytoplankton, including dinoflagellates, diatoms, and haptophytes (prymnesiophytes). Phototrophic unicellular cyanobacteria related to Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus are associated with a number of groups. N2-fixing cyanobacteria are symbiotic with diatoms and haptophytes. Extensive genome reduction is involved in the N2-fixing endosymbionts, most dramatically in the unicellular cyanobacteria associated with haptophytes, which have lost most of the photosynthetic apparatus, the ability to fix C, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The mechanisms involved in N2-fixing symbioses may involve more interactions beyond simple exchange of fixed C for N. N2-fixing cyanobacterial symbioses are widespread in the oceans, even more widely distributed than the best-known free-living N2-fixing cyanobacteria, suggesting they may be equally or more important in the global ocean biogeochemical cycle of N.Despite their ubiquitous nature and significance in biogeochemical cycles, cyanobacterium-phytoplankton symbioses remain understudied and poorly understood.
HDL flux is higher in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: McCullough Arthur , Previs Stephen F. , Dasarathy Jaividhya , Lee Kwangwon , Osme Abdullah , Kim Chunki , Ilchenko Serguei , Lorkowski Shuhui W. , Smith Jonathan D. , Dasarathy Srinivasan , Kasumov Takhar
Published: September 2019

Altered lipid metabolism and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Even though high-density lipoprotein (HDL), a CVD protective marker, is decreased, whether HDL metabolism and function are perturbed in NAFLD are currently unknown. We examined the effect of NAFLD and disease severity on HDL metabolism and function in patients with biopsy-proven simple steatosis (SS), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and healthy controls. HDL turnover and HDL protein dynamics in SS ( n = 7), NASH ( n = 8), and healthy controls ( n = 9) were studied in vivo. HDL maturation and remodeling, antioxidant, cholesterol efflux properties, and activities of lecithin-cholesterol ester acyltransferase and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) were quantified using in vitro assays. All patients with NAFLD had increased turnover of both HDL cholesterol (HDLc; 0.16 ± 0.09 vs. 0.34 ± 0.18 days, P < 0.05) and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoAI) (0.26 ± 0.04 vs. 0.34 ± 0.06 days, P < 0.005) compared with healthy controls. The fractional catabolic rates of other HDL proteins, including ApoAII (and ApoAIV) were higher ( P < 0.05) in patients with NAFLD who also had higher CETP activity, ApoAI/HDLc ratio ( P < 0.05). NAFLD-induced alterations were associated with lower antioxidant (114.2 ± 46.6 vs. 220.5 ± 48.2 nmol·mL−1·min−1) but higher total efflux properties of HDL (23.4 ± 1.3% vs. 25.5 ± 2.3%) (both P < 0.05), which was more pronounced in individuals with NASH. However, no differences were observed in either HDL turnover, antioxidant, and cholesterol efflux functions of HDL or HDL proteins’ turnover between subjects with SS and subjects with NASH. Thus, HDL metabolism and function are altered in NAFLD without any significant differences between SS and NASH.
Parameter Identification of Tractor‐Semitrailer Model under Steering and Braking
Authors: Li Yiming , Shi Qin , Qiu Duoyang
Published: September 2019

This paper describes a valuable linear yaw‐roll tractor‐semitrailer (TST) model with five‐degree‐of‐freedom (DOFs) for control algorithm development when steering and braking. The key parameters, roll stiffness, axle cornering stiffness, and fifth‐wheel stiffness, are identified by the genetic algorithm (GA) and multistage genetic algorithm (MGA) based on TruckSim outputs to increase the accuracy of the model. Thus, the key parameters of the simplified model can be modified according to the real‐time vehicle states by online lookup table and interpolation. The TruckSim vehicle model is built referring to the real tractor (JAC‐HFC4251P1K7E33ZTF6×2) and semitrailer (Luyue LHX9406) used in the field test later. The validation of the linear yaw‐roll model of a tractor‐semitrailer using field test data is presented in this paper. The field test in the performance testing ground is detailed, and the test data of roll angle, roll rate, and yaw rate are compared with the outputs of the model with maps of the key parameters. The results indicate that the error of the tractor’s roll angle and semitrailer’s roll angle between model data and test data is 1.13% and 1.24%, respectively. The roll rate and yaw rate of the tractor and semitrailer are also in good agreement.
Probe Selection and Power Weighting in Multiprobe OTA Testing: A Neural Network-Based Approach
Authors: Li Yong , Sun Hao , Chen Xingyu , Xin Lijian , Zhang Xiang
Published: September 2019

Over-the-air (OTA) radiated testing is an efficient solution to evaluate the performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) capable devices, which can emulate realistic multipath channel conditions in a controlled manner within lab environment. In a multiprobe anechoic chamber- (MPAC-) based OTA setup, determining the most appropriate probe locations and their power weights is critical to improve the accuracy of channel emulation at reasonable system costs. In this paper, a novel approach based on neural networks (NNs) is proposed to derive suitable angular locations as well as power weights of OTA probe antennas; in particular, by using the regularization technique, active probe locations and their weights can be optimized simultaneously with only one training process of the proposed NN. Simulations demonstrate that compared with the convex optimization-based approach to perform probe selection in the literature, e.g., the well-known multishot algorithm, the proposed NN-based approach can yield similar channel emulation accuracy with significantly reduced computational complexity.
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis of VEGF-A in Rat Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Ali , Skjeldal Frode , Fønhus Marita Sporstøl , Haugen Linda Hofstad , Eskild Winnie , Berg Trond , Bakke Oddmund
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2) bind VEGF-A with high affinity. This study sought to determine the relative contributions of these two receptors to receptor-mediated endocytosis of VEGF-A and to clarify their endocytic itineraries in rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs).Methods. Isolated LSECs and radiolabeled VEGF-A were used to examine surface binding and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Quantitative real time RT-PCR (Q-RT-PCR) and Western blotting were applied to demonstrate receptor expression.Results. Q-RT-PCR analysis showed that VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 mRNA were expressed in LSECs. Ligand saturation analysis at 4°C indicated two different classes of [125I]-VEGFA binding sites on LSECs with apparent dissociation constants of 8 and 210 pM. At 37°C, LSECs efficiently took up and degraded [125I]-VEGF-A for at least 2 hours. Uptake of [125I]-VEGF-A by LSECs was blocked by dynasore that inhibits dynamin-dependent internalization, whereas inhibition of cysteine proteases by leupeptin inhibited degradation without affecting the uptake of [125I]-VEGF-A, suggesting that it is degraded following transport to lysosomes. Incubation of LSECs in the continued presence of a saturating concentration of unlabeled VEGF-A at 37°C was associated with a loss of as much as 75% of the total VEGFR2 within 30 min as shown by Western blot analysis, whereas there was no appreciable decrease in protein levels for VEGFR1 after 120 min incubation, suggesting that VEGF-A stimulation downregulates VEGFR2, but not VEGFR1, in LSECs. This possibility was supported by the observation that a hexapeptide that specifically blocks VEGF-A binding to VEGFR1 caused a marked reduction in the uptake of [125I]-VEGF-A, whereas a control peptide had no effect. Finally, live cell imaging studies using a fluorescently labeled anti-VEGFR2 antibody showed that VEGFR2 was transported via early and late endosomes to reach endolysosomes where degradation of the VEGFR2 takes place.Conclusion. Our studies suggest that, subsequent to VEGF-A binding and internalization, the unoccupied VEGFR1 may recycle to the cell surface allowing its reutilization, whereas the majority of the internalized VEGFR2 is targeted for degradation.
Field Test and Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Compaction of High Embankment Filled with Soil‐Rock
Authors: Zhang Lu , Yang Guangqing , Zhang Dongliang , Wang Zhijie , Jin Jing
Published: September 2019

In view of the high filling height and large amount of soil and rock in the high‐filled embankment, the variation law of the displacement field, stress field, and plastic zone of embankment body reinforced by dynamic compaction with different energy levels and the optimal compaction energy were analyzed by means of numerical simulations and field tests. Taking the embankment section of the Ping‐Zan highway as an example, the construction scheme of dynamic compaction was designed, and the optimum tamping times and effective dynamic compaction depth of the embankment filled with soil‐rock were obtained through the field test. The study showed that the displacement field and the stress field are redistributed after applying single‐point compaction, and the volume of the shear plastic zone increases. The optimal number of slams for high‐filled granular soil is 7 times, and the effective depth of dynamic compaction is 4.5 m. The result corresponds with that by the field test, which indicates that dynamic compaction is reasonable and has a significant effect on the high embankment filled with granular soil.
A Diagnosis of Adult-Onset Still’s Disease after Multiple Urgent Care Visits
Authors: Hu Kami M. , Richardson Adam C. , Blosser Kelly M. , Tewelde Semhar Z.
Published: September 2019

A 34-year-old man with recent treatment and resolution of community-acquired pneumonia presents to the emergency department with protracted fever, rash, and sore throat. Sustained fever and greater than two-fold increase in leukocytosis despite appropriate antibiotic therapy prompted hospital admission for infectious disease and rheumatologic evaluations which ultimately revealed adult-onset Still’s disease, a rare autoinflammatory disorder with potentially life-threatening complications.
Primary Stromal Breast Sarcoma with Concomitant Contralateral Carcinoma: A Rare Case from Syria
Authors: Al khudari Rawan , Homsi Mohannad , Al zohaily Hasan , Saifo Maher S.
Published: September 2019

Bilateral breast cancers are rare cases encountered and are usually the same type in both sides. Only very few cases were reported to have different histological types of neoplasia involving sarcoma. Moreover, sarcomas rarely originate from the breast as a primary lesion whereas the common presentation is having angiosarcoma following radiotherapy. In this report, we present a rare case of a Syrian 43-year-old woman having two distinct primary lesions in the breasts: invasive ductal carcinoma and contralateral stromal sarcoma.
Comparison of Rapidly Proliferating, Multipotent Aortic Valve-Derived Stromal Cells and Valve Interstitial Cells in the Human Aortic Valve
Authors: Huang Yuming , Xu Kang , Zhou Tingwen , Zhu Peng , Dong Nianguo , Shi Jiawei
Published: September 2019

Aortic valve calcification is a common clinical disease, caused by valve interstitial cells (VICs), which initiate the thickening and then calcification of valve leaflets. Classical valve-derived cells can be seen in different cell populations according to their different morphologies, but it is not clear whether different types of mesenchymal cells exist. In this study, culture conditions for mesenchymal stromal cells were used to selectively isolate valve-derived stromal cells (VDSCs). After subculturing, the morphology, proliferation, multidifferentiation, immunophenotype, and gene expression profiling in isolated VDSCs were compared with those in conventional cultured VICs. VDSCs isolated from human aortic valves were uniform spindle-shaped fibroblasts, had mutilineage differentiation abilities, and proliferated faster than VICs. Classic mesenchymal markers including cluster of differentiation 90 (CD90), CD44, and CD29 were positively expressed. In addition, the stem cell markers CD163, CD133, and CD106 were all expressed in VDSCs. RNA-sequencing identified 1595 differentially expressed genes between VDSCs and VICs of which 301 were upregulated and 1294 were downregulated. Valvular extracellular matrix genes of VDSCs such as collagen type 1, alpha 1 (COL1A1), COL1A2, and fibronectin 1 were abundantly expressed. In addition, runt-related transcription factor 2 and Ki-67 proteins were also markedly upregulated in VDSCs, whereas there was less expression of the focal adhesion genes integrin alpha and laminin alpha in VDSCs compared to VICs. In conclusion, novel rapidly proliferating VDSCs with fibroblast morphology, which were found to express mesenchymal and osteogenic markers, may contribute to aortic valve calcification.
Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity of Fermented Green Tea with Aquilariae Lignum in Rodents
Authors: Lee Sol , Song Phil Hyun , Lee Young Joon , Ku Sae-Kwang , Song Chang-Hyun
Published: September 2019

Green tea is generally considered safe, but there have been concerns regarding side effects relating to the main component, catechins, especially hepatotoxicities. We have previously shown beneficial effects of fermented green tea with Aquilariae Lignum (fGT) via an oral route in diabetic and obese models. Thus, the toxicological safety of fGT was assessed at limited oral doses for a rodent. Mice or rats of both genders were orally administered distilled water as a control and fGT at 2.0, 1.0, and 0.5 g/kg. There were no mortalities or gross abnormalities in the fGT groups for 2 weeks following the single oral dose in mice. No fGT-relevant abnormalities were found in postmortem and histopathological examinations, suggesting LD50of fGT at more than 2.0 g/kg with no specific target organs. There were also no fGT-relevant mortalities or abnormal signs in the repeated oral dose for 13 weeks in rats. In the fGT groups, no body weight changes or daily metabolic changes were found, and hematological and serum biochemical ranges were normal. The postmortem and histopathological examinations revealed few fGT-related abnormalities in most of the organs including the liver, although slight lymphoid cell hyperplasia in the lymph node was observed in a few rats with fGT at 2.0 g/kg. This may be secondary to increased immune response to the highest dose because there were no histopathological lesions or organ weight changes. It suggests nontoxic safety of fGT at up to 2.0 g/kg, which provides useful information for clinical use.
Increased Levels of Endothelin-1 in Cerebrospinal Fluid Are a Marker of Poor Visual Recovery after Optic Neuritis in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Castellazzi Massimiliano , Lamberti Giuseppe , Resi Maria Vittoria , Baldi Eleonora , Caniatti Luisa Maria , Galante Giuditta , Perri Paolo , Pugliatti Maura
Published: September 2019

Background. Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system, typically features immune-mediated focal demyelination and secondary axonal degeneration. Cerebral hypoperfusion of the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) has been reported in MS patients and may be mediated by elevated levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a most potent vasoconstrictive peptide released from reactive astrocytes in MS focal lesions. Optic neuritis (ON) is one of the most frequent manifestations of MS and also shows peripapillary vascular hypoperfusion in combination with disc swelling. Aims. We aimed to compare serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of ET-1 as a potential prognostic marker of MS-ON in two groups of patients differing for severity of MS-ON clinical presentation. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study to compare serum and CSF levels of ET-1 between patients with clinically aggressive MS-ON (A-MS-ON) and nonaggressive MS-ON (NA-MS-ON) according to conventional ophthalmological criteria, including optical coherence tomography. CSF and serum concentrations of ET-1 were measured using a commercially available ELISA method. Results. Sixteen patients consecutively referred to the Units of Neurology for visual disturbances attributable to MS were recruited, 11 (69%) patients with A-MS-ON and 5 (31%) with NA-MS-ON. Median CSF ET-1 levels and CSF/serum ET-1 quotient were significantly higher in patients with A-MS-ON (0.30 vs. 0.56 ng/ml) as compared to NA-MS-ON (0.16 vs. 0.16). Conclusions. Severity and failure in the recovery from ON in MS patients may depend from vascular hypoperfusion of the optic nerve induced by high intrathecally produced ET-1, a potential prognostic marker of ON recovery in MS. The detection of CSF ET-1 levels may allow identifying groups of ON patients potentially benefitting from treatment with ET-1 antagonists (e.g., bosentan).
Dynamics of Genomic, Epigenomic, and Transcriptomic Aberrations during Stepwise Hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Jee Byul A , Choi Ji-Hye , Rhee Hyungjin , Yoon Sarah , Kwon So Mee , Nahm Ji Hae , Yoo Jeong Eun , Jeon Youngsic , Choi Gi Hong , Woo Hyun Goo , Park Young Nyun
Published: September 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoes a stepwise progression from liver cirrhosis to low-grade dysplastic nodule (LGDN), high-grade dysplastic nodule (HGDN), early HCC (eHCC), and progressed HCC (pHCC). Here, we profiled multilayered genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic aberrations in the stepwise hepatocarcinogenesis. Initial DNA methylation was observed in eHCC (e.g., DKK3, SALL3, and SOX1) while more extensive methylation was observed in pHCC. In addition, eHCCs showed an initial loss of DNA copy numbers of tumor suppressor genes in the 4q and 13q regions, thereby conferring survival benefits to cancer cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that HGDNs expressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress–related genes, while eHCC started to express oncogenes. Furthermore, integrative analysis indicated that expression of the serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1), played a pivotal role in eHCC development. Significant demethylation of SPINK1 was observed in eHCC compared to HGDN. The study also demonstrated that ER stress may induce SPINK1 demethylation and expression in liver cancer cells. In conclusion, these results reveal the dynamics of multiomic aberrations during malignant conversion of liver cancer, thus providing novel pathobiological insights into hepatocarcinogenesis.

Significance:

Multiomics profiling and integrative analyses of stepwise hepatocarcinogenesis reveal novel mechanistic and clinical insights into hepatocarcinogenesis.
A dualidade da representação de Ramsés II e dos hititas na Estela de Casamento
Authors: Kawaminami André Shinity
Published: September 2019

Durante o período inicial da 19ª Dinastia egípcia, a relação dos faraós com o reino de Hatti era conflituosa, resultando em diversos conflitos militares pelo controle da região da Síria-Palestina. Após a Batalha de Kadesh e o Tratado Eterno, os dois reinos firmaram uma relação de paz, consolidada posteriormente com um casamento entre Ramsés II e uma princesa hitita. A estela conhecida como a “Estela de Casamento”, encontrada em Abu Simbel, nos permite uma análise deste evento e sobre como a representação faraônica nela procura manter a visão cultural de supremacia egípcia em relação ao exterior. Ao mesmo tempo, ela busca conciliá-la com o acordo igualitário realizado com o rei hitita Hattusili III.
Análise comparativa do uso das imagens em livros didáticos com conteúdo de história medieval
Authors: Vita Mariana Rodrigues de , Silva Thalita Mota da , Santos Sarah Caffe
Published: September 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar a abordagem de História Medieval a partir dos livros didáticos como um documento histórico. Foram escolhidos 3 livros para alunos de ensino médio sendo que a metodologia usada constitui na análise de composição da página levando em conta haver ou não uma relação pertinente entre imagens e textos.
O Papel dos comerciantes nas políticas de ocupação do sertão matogrossense no século XVIII
Authors: Bortoletto Anna Beatriz Corrêa
Published: September 2019

Durante o período de indefinição nas fronteiras entre as Américas portuguesa e espanhola, a atuação dos comerciantes foi essencial para a mudança de estilo na administração colonial portuguesa em meados do século XVIII, na área do sertão matogrossense. Através da análise de três pedidos organizados pelo Capitão Povoador Luis Rodrigues Vilares e encaminhados ao rei de Portugal pelo Ouvidor geral das minas do Cuiabá, verificaremos o papel desse mercador na articulação de uma rede de comerciantes em busca de maneiras alternativas para aumentar o volume de seu comércio. Tal questão é indissociável da transgressão dos limites fronteiriços e do contrabando feito sem a devida autorização do rei, desafiando as instruções reais a respeito da exploração territorial. Verificaremos como Vilares forçou a troca de mercadorias com as Missões espanholas de Moxos e Chiquitos e sua busca por novas rotas de comércio interno, através de caminhos que facilitassem o transporte de fazendas dentro da Colônia, analisando como sua capacidade de articular homens para concretizar seus projetos repercutiram na metrópole, forçando uma mudança nas políticas de proteção das fronteiras interioranas.
Richard Wagner e a Idade Média
Authors: Tavares Jaqueline Uzai
Published: September 2019

Este ensaio tem como objetivo analisar as concepções do compositor Richard Wagner presentes na obra A arte e a revolução, bem como tais perspectivas reverberam na forma pela qual ele se reapropria de um chamada mitologia medieval para constituir sua mais famosa ópera, O anel dos Nibelungos. O trabalho ainda busca analisar como esses quadros narrativos se relacionam com os textos mitológicos originais que os inspiraram e refletir como essa linha de reapropriações conduzida por Wagner ressoa no imaginário contemporâneo sobre a Idade Média.
A mobilização do conceito de história na retórica de Leon Battista Alberti em Da Pintura (1435) e Sobre a família (1433)
Authors: Gonçalves Bárbara Diniz
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo entender a abordagem da história segundo Leon Battista Alberti (1404-1472), tendo como ponto de partida dois documentos de sua autoria: o discurso em comentários Da Pintura, primeiro a sistematizar uma doutrina sobre o tema ao entrelaçar geometria e retórica, e o diálogo Sobre a família, que apresenta a ideia de uma família virtuosa como sendo a fundação da sociedade. Para isso, metodologicamente, partiu-se do princípio de que toda obra se constitui numa representação, como teoriza Roger Chartier. Em ambas as fontes, lemos o discurso de Alberti como uma construção social que nasce das práticas da realidade que o circunscreve e com ela interage. A partir da análise, pudemos identificar que as principais linhas de força constitutivas de ambos os documentos, apesar de suas diferenças no que concerne à temática e ao gênero textual, passam por uma retórica que mobiliza o conceito de história de forma muito semelhante, destacando sua função pedagógica e virtuosa. Concluímos que, utilizando-se de tal retórica, o autor contribuiu para a divulgação de uma nova narrativa histórica que recupera Cícero e se volta à moralidade humanista.
"Okinawa: a História de um Povo Insular" de George Kerr
Authors: Gonçalves Mateus Trigo , Guedes Ana Carolina Warigoda , Shiroma Celso Akihide , Costa Erica Fernandes , Lee Filipe Starke
Published: September 2019

Resenha do livro Okinawa: the History of an Island People, de George H. Kerr.
Automated Calculation of Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score
Authors: Albers Gregory W. , Wald Michael J. , Mlynash Michael , Endres Juergen , Bammer Roland , Straka Matus , Maier Andreas , Hinson Holly E. , Sheth Kevin N. , Taylor Kimberly W. , Molyneaux Bradley J.
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose—

We compared the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS), calculated using a machine learning-based automatic software tool, RAPID ASPECTS, as well as the median score from 4 experienced readers, with the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) ASPECTS obtained following the baseline computed tomography (CT) in patients with large hemispheric infarcts.

Methods—

CT and magnetic resonance imaging scans from the GAMES-RP study, which enrolled patients with large hemispheric infarctions (82–300 mL) documented on DWI-magnetic resonance imaging, were evaluated by blinded experienced readers to determine both CT and DWI ASPECTS. The CT scans were also evaluated by an automated software program (RAPID ASPECTS). Using the DWI ASPECTS as a reference standard, the median CT ASPECTS of the clinicians and the automated score were compared using the interclass correlation coefficient.

Results—

The median CT ASPECTS for the clinicians was 5 (interquartile range, 4–7), for RAPID ASPECTS 3 (interquartile range, 1–6), and for DWI ASPECTS 3 (2–4). Median error for RAPID ASPECTS was 1 (interquartile range, −1 to 3) versus 3 (interquartile range, 1–4) for clinicians (
P
<0.001). The automated score had a higher level of agreement with the median of the DWI ASPECTS, both for the full scale and when dichotomized at <6 versus 6 or more (difference in intraclass correlation coefficient,
P
=0.001).

Conclusions—

RAPID ASPECTS was more accurate than experienced clinicians in identifying early evidence of brain ischemia as documented by DWI.
Structural Transformation to Manufacturing and Services: What Role for Trade?
Authors: Anderson Kym , Ponnusamy Sundar
Published: September 2019

Understanding how and why economies structurally transform as they grow is crucial for making sound national policy decisions. Typically, analysts who study this issue focus on sectoral shares of gross domestic product and employment. This paper extends those studies to include exports, including exports of services. It also considers mining, in addition to agriculture and manufacturing, and recognizes that some of the products of these four sectors are nontradable. The section on theory presents a general equilibrium model that provides hypotheses about structural change in different types of economies as they grow. These are then tested econometrically with annual data for the period 1991–2014 for a sample of 117 countries. The results point to the futility of adopting protective policies aimed at slowing deagriculturalization and subsequent deindustrialization in terms of sectoral shares, since those trends inevitably will accompany economic growth. Fortuitously, governments now have more efficient and equitable ways of supporting adjustments needed by people who choose or are forced to leave declining industries.
EU Citizens’ Rights in Practice: Exploring the Implementation Gap in Free Movement Law
Authors: Valcke Anthony
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this article is to investigate how EU citizens’ free movement rights are applied and enforced in practice and determine whether the situation on the ground demonstrates the existence of a so-called ‘implementation gap’ involving a disconnect between, on the one hand, how the EU free movement rules are intended to operate and, on the other, their application in practice at the national level. Drawing upon a multitude of sources from Belgium, Ireland, Italy, France, Sweden and the UK, an exploration is undertaken of the ways in which this ‘implementation gap’ manifests itself through a review of the various instances where Member States have sought to restrict the exercise of free movement rights through the adoption of national measures relating to the transposition, application and enforcement of Directive 2004/38 on residence rights.
Taxonomic Synopsis of Eriosema (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae, Phaseoleae) in Brazil

Authors: CÂNDIDO ELISA SILVA , DE VARGAS WANDERLEIA , BEZERRA LUÍSA MARIA DE PAULA ALVES , MANSANO VIDAL DE FREITAS , VATANPARAST MOHAMMAD , LEWIS GWILYM PETER , TOZZI ANA MARIA GOULART DE AZEVEDO , FORTUNA-PEREZ ANA PAULA
Published: September 2019

Eriosema is a pantropical genus occurring mostly in savanna vegetation and grasslands of tropical environments, with approximately 150 species and two centers of diversity, one in Africa with about 110 species, and the other in the Neotropics with about 40 species. Considering the large number of Eriosema taxa in Brazil, including five recently described, and the lack of recent study that encompasses all species that occur in the country, a taxonomic synopsis of the Brazilian species of Eriosema was needed and is presented here. Herbaria collections, including type specimens, were consulted and field work was carried out in Brazil. Our study records 35 Eriosema species in Brazil, which concentrates most of the diversity of the genus in the Americas (85%; 35 out of 41 species). Most of this diversity occurs in the Central Brazilian savannas, particularly in the states of Goiás (29 taxa, eight endemic), and Minas Gerais (26 taxa, four endemic). Among all American species in the genus, Eriosema simplicifolium and E. crinitum have the broadest geographical distributions, and occur throughout Brazil and most part of the American continent. They form species complexes and future detailed studies will be necessary in order to understand taxon boundaries and delimitations. An identification key, taxon descriptions, information about type specimens as well as information on the habitat, phenological and geographical records, together with distribution maps, images of representative species in the field and the main morphological characters are provided to assist in the correct identification of this group of savanna plants. We also present 15 lectotypifications, out of which three are second-step.
Overlooked morphological variation and a proposal for a new taxonomic circumscription of Alyssum simplex (Brassicaceae)

Authors: CETLOVÁ VERONIKA , FUERTES-AGUILAR JAVIER , IUDOVA DARIA , ŠPANIEL STANISLAV
Published: September 2019

A recent study of European annual taxa of Alyssum has revealed that A. simplex includes two cytotypes (diploid and tetraploid) which differ in genetic markers, evolutionary history, and monoploid relative genome size. In this paper we present a new taxonomic treatment of A. simplex in which we treat the two cytotypes as two separate species. We select and discuss suitable names for both taxa (diploid A. simplex and tetraploid A. collinum), examine their morphological differences and survey their geographic distribution. In addition, we compare both cytotypes with the morphologically similar and genetically related species A. strigosum and designate lectotypes and a neotype of several relevant names.
Typification of fourteen names of North African taxa of Biscutella ser. Biscutella (Brassicaceae)

Authors: VICENTE ALICIA , VILLAR JOSÉ L. , ALONSO Mª ÁNGELES , CRESPO MANUEL B.
Published: September 2019

Fourteen names of North African taxa belonging to Biscutella ser. Biscutella (= ser. Lyratae Malin.), and described by Candolle, Willdenow and Maire, are typified here as a first step towards a taxonomic revision of that series. Lectotypes are designated from syntypes and original material conserved in the herbaria B and MPU: additionally, two epitypes are also designated. Furthermore, some historical comments are reported to support each type selection.
Two new species of Peruvian Amaryllidaceae, an expanded concept of the genus Paramongaia, and taxonomic notes in Stenomesson

Authors: MEEROW ALAN W. , NAKAMURA KYOKO
Published: September 2019

A new species of Paramongaia, P. multiflora, and of Rauhia, R. albescens, are described from Peru. We also present an updated parsimony analysis of aligned ITS sequences across the tetraploid Andean clade of Amaryllidaceae subfam. Amaryllidoideae that places both the new species and the only other species known of Paramongaia into a clade within the tribe Clinantheae with three erstwhile species of Clinanthus. We propose an expanded concept of the genus Paramongaia, conserved over Callithauma, for all five species, provide a neotype for Paramongaia viridiflora, and make the necessary combinations in the genus. Paramongaia is morphologically delimited from Clinanthus by the erect, uniformly glaucous leaves, the fusion of the spathe bracts on one side or proximally, the short pedicels, and the insertion of the free filaments below the rim of the staminal corona. A key to the species of Paramongaia is provided. We additionally present some taxonomic notes for the genus Stenomesson.
Faunistic review of Tetratomidae and Melandryidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) in Lithuania with an annotated checklist of the species
Authors: TAMUTIS VYTAUTAS , FERENCA ROMAS , POLLOCK DARREN A.
Published: September 2019

This paper presents the first faunistic review of species composition and distribution of Tetratomidae and Melandryidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) in Lithuania. An annotated checklist of the species is given. The peculiarities of some morphological structures of Dircaea australis, Phloiotrya subtilis, Orchesia fusiformis, O. micans and Zilora cf. obscura are briefly reviewed and illustrated. Information on five species of Tetratomidae and twenty-two species of Melandryidae is given, including faunistic data, prior records, general distribution, and notes on frequency, ecology and morphological peculiarities of some species. Eustrophus dermestoides (Tetratomidae), Phloiotrya rufipes, Hypulus bifasciatus and Phryganophilus ruficollis (Melandryidae) known from previous literature records are excluded from the Lithuanian fauna due to suspect data on their occurrence in the country. Phloiotrya subtilis and Orchesia fusiformis are recorded from Lithuania for the first time. The presence of Tetratoma fungorum and Abdera flexuosa in the Lithuanian fauna was confirmed by actual faunistic data, which were previously absent. Four species of Tetratomidae and 19 species of Melandryidae are confidently included in the Lithuanian fauna, corresponding to 50% of the total European fauna of both families excluding regional endemics.
Unlocking Pre-1850 Instrumental Meteorological Records: A Global Inventory
Authors: Brönnimann Stefan , Allan Rob , Ashcroft Linden , Baer Saba , Barriendos Mariano , Brázdil Rudolf , Brugnara Yuri , Brunet Manola , Brunetti Michele , Chimani Barbara , Cornes Richard , Domínguez-Castro Fernando , Filipiak Janusz , Founda Dimitra , Herrera Ricardo García , Gergis Joelle , Grab Stefan , Hannak Lisa , Huhtamaa Heli , Jacobsen Kim S. , Jones Phil , Jourdain Sylvie , Kiss Andrea , Lin Kuanhui Elaine , Lorrey Andrew , Lundstad Elin , Luterbacher Jürg , Mauelshagen Franz , Maugeri Maurizio , Maughan Nicolas , Moberg Anders , Neukom Raphael , Nicholson Sharon , Noone Simon , Nordli Øyvind , Ólafsdóttir Kristín Björg , Pearce Petra R. , Pfister Lucas , Pribyl Kathleen , Przybylak Rajmund , Pudmenzky Christa , Rasol Dubravka , Reichenbach Delia , Řezníčková Ladislava , Rodrigo Fernando S. , Rohr Christian , Skrynyk Oleg , Slonosky Victoria , Thorne Peter , Valente Maria Antónia , Vaquero José M. , Westcottt Nancy E. , Williamson Fiona , Wyszyński Przemysław
Published: September 2019

Instrumental meteorological measurements from periods prior to the start of national weather services are designated “early instrumental data.” They have played an important role in climate research as they allow daily to decadal variability and changes of temperature, pressure, and precipitation, including extremes, to be addressed. Early instrumental data can also help place twenty-first century climatic changes into a historical context such as defining preindustrial climate and its variability. Until recently, the focus was on long, high-quality series, while the large number of shorter series (which together also cover long periods) received little to no attention. The shift in climate and climate impact research from mean climate characteristics toward weather variability and extremes, as well as the success of historical reanalyses that make use of short series, generates a need for locating and exploring further early instrumental measurements. However, information on early instrumental series has never been electronically compiled on a global scale. Here we attempt a worldwide compilation of metadata on early instrumental meteorological records prior to 1850 (1890 for Africa and the Arctic). Our global inventory comprises information on several thousand records, about half of which have not yet been digitized (not even as monthly means), and only approximately 20% of which have made it to global repositories. The inventory will help to prioritize data rescue efforts and can be used to analyze the potential feasibility of historical weather data products. The inventory will be maintained as a living document and is a first, critical, step toward the systematic rescue and reevaluation of these highly valuable early records. Additions to the inventory are welcome.