bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applicant Selection to a Regional Medical Training Program: A Structural Analysis of Interviewer Assessments
Authors: Stratton Terry , Elam Carol , Arnett Paula , Weaver Anthony
Published: May 2020

Introduction:  For regional campuses with specific program foci, assessing applicant fit necessarily extends beyond academic and professional factors. Based on assessments of applicants to a regional Rural Physician Leadership Program (RPLP), this study explores the relationship of academic and socio-demographic factors with interviewers’ ratings of: (1) likelihood of eventually practicing in a rural area of the state; and (2) overall acceptability to medical school.

Methods:  The study population consisted of 163 first-time RPLP applicants interviewed independently from 2009-2016 by two faculty members at both main and regional medical campuses.  Path analysis was used to calculate direct, indirect, and total effects of applicants’ socio-demographic and academic characteristics on interviewers’ composite ratings. This study protocol (#17-0198-X3B) was approved as exempt by the governing Institutional Review Board; the authors report no conflicts of interest.

Results: The combined influence of being an in-state resident with rural Appalachian origins, combined with undergraduate GPA, explained 40.7% of the variance in applicants’ predicted likelihood of practicing in rural Kentucky. In terms of applicant acceptability, the strongest direct effects were exerted by academic factors, GPA and total MCAT score, and the sole preceding endogenous variable: likelihood of rural in-state practice.  However, two other background factors were modestly but significantly directly associated with overall acceptability:  (1) age; and (2) residence. Specifying likelihood of rural practice as an intervening variable explained 42.5% of the variance in applicant acceptability and provided a good fit to the sample data (X2 = 3.19, df = 4 , p = .526, CFI = 1.000, RLI = 1.018, RMSEA = .000).

Conclusions: Interviewers appear to be assessing programmatic, mission-specific “fit” within the broader context of applicants’ abilities to navigate a demanding professional training curriculum. Future research should examine graduates’ eventual practice locations and intermediate academic performance as empirical validity of faculty interviewers’ assessments. Similarly, pre-professional pipeline efforts should better coordinate with training programs to provide consistent opportunities to nurture interest in mission-specific outcomes.
Pengaruh Metode dan Lama Pengeringan Kotak Sari Terhadap Pembentukan Buah dan Biji Cabai Merah Hibrida (Capsicum annum L.)
Authors: Lestari Indri , Sulistyono Nantil Bambang Eko , Dwiyono Antonius
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui optimalisasi media pengeringan dan waktu pengeringan serbuk sari untuk pembentukan buah dan biji pada pemuliaan cabai. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PT. Aditya Sentana Agro, Malang. Diaplikasikan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan 2 faktor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah media pengeringan dengan 3 level yaitu suhu kotak pengering suhu 30 °C (M1), suhu rumah kaca suhu 32 °C (M2) dan suhu pengeringan matahari suhu 34 °C (M3). Faktor kedua adalah waktu pengeringan, yaitu 3 jam (W1), 6 jam (W2), dan 9 jam (M3). Interaksi antara pengering kotak sebagai pengeringan sedang dan waktu pengeringan 3 jam (M1W1) dapat menghasilkan prosentase pembentukan buah hingga 98%, berat fruti 12,91 g, panjang buah 13,34 cm, diameter buah 17,47 mm , jumlah biji per buah buah 66,06, dan berat biji per buah 1,26 g per biji.
Optimasi Konsentrasi Ammonium Nitrat dan Sukrosa pada Media Cair terhadap Pembentukan Umbi
Authors: Wati Dewi Widhia , Djenal FNU
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi Ammonium nitrat dan sukrosa yang optimal untuk menghasilkan umbi mikro yang besar dengan waktu pembentukan umbi yang lebih cepat dan berat basah umbi mikro tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 4 bulan dari Januari  hingga April 2019 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Tanaman, Politeknik Negeri Jember. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan dua faktor, 9 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Taraf faktor N yaitu 825 mg/L, 1650 mg/L dan 2475 mg/L, sedangkan taraf faktor S yaitu 60 g/L, 75 g/L dan 90 g/L dengan perlakuan kombinasi N1S1, N1S2, N1S3, N2S1, N2S2, N2S3, N3S1, N3S2, N3S3. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan kemudian diuji lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan DMRT 5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi NH4NO3 terbaik untuk parameter kedinian umbi dan jumlah umbi yaitu 825 mg/L, sedangkan konsentrasi NH4NO3 terbaik untuk parameter tinggi tanaman, diameter umbi dan bobot umbi adalah 1650 mg/L. Konsentrasi sukrosa terbaik untuk kedinian umbi mikro yaitu 75 g/L. Interaksi nitrogen dan sukrosa yang terbaik untuk parameter kedinian umbi mikro adalah perlakuan 825 mg/L NH4NO3 dan 75 g/L sukrosa.
Design Strategy of Talent Management in the Position of Non Management Staff PT XYZ
Authors: Siregar Gita Andini , Kartika Lindawati
Published: May 2020

One of the biggest challenges of enterprise management is winning the talent war which is happens because the talent demanded is less than the talent needed. That is the reason that every company should develop and retain the talented employees to achieve business goals using a good talent management system. The aims of the research are to identify the implementation of talent management in PT XYZ through talent management factors and the determinant actors and to formulate the objective and strategy of talent management for PT XYZ. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on the descriptive analysis of PT XYZ employee perceptions of talent management criteria is considered good implementation. Based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis, the most influential talent management factor is employee development, the most dominant talent management actor is the Manager, the most important objective is the nomination and selection of the employees from internal sources and the most influential alternative strategy of talent management is to make the Management as an instructor.
 
Keywords—Analytical Hierarchy Process; Strategy; Talent management
Analysis of the Accounting Credibility of Garuda Indonesia Financial Transactions with Mahata Aero Teknologi
Authors: Gusti Girang Permata , Budianto Agnes Bieattant
Published: May 2020

This study aims to analyze the feasibility of recording financial statements in 2018 carried out by Garuda Indonesia, specifically transactions conducted by Garuda companies with Mahata. Using descriptive research methods, which include case studies and document review. The results obtained are that the transaction entitlement to the payment commitment by Mahata to the Garuda which is recorded in the other income section is incorrect, that should not be recognized all as other income based on PSAK 23 "revenue", revenue recognition of rights compensation costs should be recognized based on the PSAK 30 "rent". In addition there are indications Mahata's inability to carry out part of it large scope of work and pay fees compensation rights according to the invoice deadline.
 
Keywords—Garuda Indonesia; Mahata;Acrual based; Cash based
AFETIVIDADE NA APRENDIZAGEM DO ALUNO COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Authors: Pinheiro Janine Cipriano , Lucena Filho Everaldo Lauritzen
Published: May 2020

Tem sido cada vez mais crescente o número de pesquisas que envolvem a influência da afetividade no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. No que diz respeito a afetividade na aprendizagem do aluno com Transtorno do Espectro Autista, ainda não existem estudiosos que se debrucem sobre o assunto. Nesta perspectiva, a presente pesquisa nasceu da necessidade de se investigar se a relação de afetividade entre o educador e educando influencia no processo de ensino-aprendizagem do aluno com Transtorno do Espectro Autista, uma vez que o autismo é considerado um distúrbio do desenvolvimento global, que afeta principalmente áreas como a linguagem, a cognição e a interação social. Sendo assim, o objetivo da referida pesquisa é o de compreender qual a importância da afetividade no processo de aprendizagem do autista. Esta pesquisa trata-se de um trabalho de revisão bibliográfica, cujo o referencial teórico se baseia em Ariès (2014), Wallon (1978) e Cunha (2010). Com base nos autores citados anteriormente, a pesquisa demonstrou que a relação de afetividade entre o educador e o educando pode então contribuir para o processo de aprendizagem do aluno com TEA.
MIMESIS: CONCEITO, ELEMENTOS CONSTITUINTES E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Vieira Karina Augusta Limonta
Published: May 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o conceito de mimesis, seus elementos constituintes e sua relação com a educação. Desse modo, procuramos responder algumas problemáticas: I) Qual é o significado de mimesis?; II) Quais os elementos constituintes da mimesis?; III) Qual a relação da mimesis com a educação? O debate sobre o significado e a atualidade do conceito de mimesis permite elencar os elementos constituintes da mimesis e estabelecer a relação com a educação, que está envolvida por quatro temáticas dos processos miméticos, assim como apresentar novas perspectivas para os estudos de mimesis em educação. Os resultados apontam que a mimesis desempenha um papel importante na ação social do ser humano, sendo um processo referente ao comportamento e à ação de outras pessoas no mundo, constitutiva de ação social, aprendizagem cultural e imitação criativa.
CONCEPÇÕES SOBRE A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE MATEMÁTICA NO PROGRAMA MAIS PAIC
Authors: Vieira Hebe Mara dos Santos , Mourão David Ribeiro , Braga Adriana Eufrásio
Published: May 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma análise documental das formações continuadas de Matemática do Programa de Aprendizagem na Idade Certa – MAIS PAIC, para os anos finais do fundamental, no período de 2016 a 2018, cujo objetivo é mapear as experiências vivenciadas, bem como os resultados obtidos que ocorreram na prática docente das escolas da rede pública dos municípios cearenses. Foram analisados relatórios das formações, das avaliações, das atividades a distância, do fórum Cecom e dos relatórios dos formadores. Os resultados obtidos foram: i) ampliação dos conhecimentos através de novas atividades, estratégias e metodologias; ii) desenvolvimento do raciocínio lógico e as habilidades matemáticas, a fim de permitir aos alunos a construção das competências esperadas para essa etapa. Consideramos que as práticas pedagógicas dos professores têm se direcionado para maior autonomia e excelência devido a esse programa de formação.
Penyuluhan Tentang Peran Ilmu Geologi Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Area Perkebunan dan Pertanian di Desa Bantan Tua
Authors: Yuskar Yuniarti , Mairizki Fitri , Putra Dewandra Bagus Eka , Prayitno Budi , Cahyaningsih Catur
Published: May 2020

Polusi udara yang semakin hari semakin parah menyebabkan permasalahan kesehatan masyarakat sekitar lahan yang dibakar, bahkan merambah ke wilayah yang lebih jauh. Selain itu harga bahan pangan yang semakin meningkat akibat dari semakin berkurangnya produksi bahan pertanian dan perkebunan juga menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya suatu solusi yang ramah lingkungan dalam merubah fungsi lahan dan bahkan bisa disesuaikan dengan jenis tanaman yang ingin di tanam di suatu lahan. Agrogeologi, satu bidang ilmu yang baru dikembangkan, dimana ilmu geologi diaplikasikan ke dalam bidang pertanian dan perkebunan. Modifikasi komposisi tanah dengan menambahkan material-material geologi, seperti batuan, merupakan salah satu solusi yang dapat dengan mudah diaplikasikan oleh masyarakat tanpa harus mencemari lingkungan. Diketahui masyarakat Desa masih kesulitan dalam mengatasi masalah kondisi  lahan  pertanian  mereka,  selain  itu  masih  ada  warga  membuka  lahan dengan cara yang kurang ramah lingkungan.
Pelatihan Pasca Panen Tanaman Buah dan Umbi Kepada Mahasiswa UiTM di Universitas Islam Riau
Authors: Rosmawaty Tengku , Mulyani Sri , Zulkifli  , Ernita
Published: May 2020

Pelatihan pasca panen tanaman buah dan umbi mahasiswa UiTM di Universitas Islam Riau bertujuan untuk mengenalkan teknik pengolahan pasca panen tanaman buah dan umbi yang tepat pada mahasiswa UiTM. Selain itu bertujuan untuk mengenalkan cara pengolahan buah dan tepung yang berasal dari umbi menjadi sebuah produk yang memiliki nilai jual tinggi. Kegiatan ini berisi ceramah dengan beberapa materi yang telah disiapkan oleh tim pelaksana kemudian diikuti dengan kegiatan diskusi. Setelah penyampaian materi terselesaikan, dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan pembuatan sop buah dan cendol dari bahan baku. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada hari Senin, tanggal 6 Agustus 2018. Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Islam Riau. Tim dosen memberikan materi sesuai dengan bidang ilmunya masing-masing. Secara keseluruhan, kegiatan pelatihan pasca panen tanaman hortikultura dan umbi pada mahasiswa/I UiTM di UIR dapat diselenggarakan dengan baik dan berjalan lancar sesuai dengan rencana yang telah disusun. Mahasiswa UiTM juga memberikan pandangan tentang teknik pasca panen produk hortikultura dan umbi yang ada di Malaysia. Kegiatan ini mendapat sambutan sangat baik terlihat dari keaktifan peserta dalam mengikuti pelatihan.
Pelatihan Mikrotik Dalam Rangka Persiapan Ujian Kompetensi Keahlian (UKK) SMK Negeri 1 Kuala Kampar
Authors: Syukur Abdul , Efendi Akmar , Siswanto Apri , Arta Yudhi
Published: May 2020

Di era digital seperti saaat ini lulusan Sekolah Menengah Pertama cenderung  lebih  memilih  Sekolah  Menengah  Kejuruan  (SMK)  daripada Sekolah Menengah Umum (SMU) atau Madrasah Aliyah (MA) untuk melanjutkan pendidikannya. SMK menjadi lebih populer karena banyak faktor. Salah satu faktor tersebut adalah lulusan SMK dianggap lebih siap menghadapi dunia kerja. Salah satu SMK di Riau adalah SMK Negeri 1 Kuala Kampar. Sekolah yang berstatus kepemilikan pemerintah daerah ini berdiri pada tahun 2015 dengan tanggal SK pendirian 20 Desember 2015. Teknik Komputer Jaringan (TKJ) menjadi  salah  satu  jurusan  yang diandalkan  di  sekolah  ini karena  jurusan  ini  memiliki  peserta  didik  lebih  banyak  daripada  jurusan lainnya. Akan tetapi sangat disayangkan jumlah gu ru produktif jurusan TKJ di sekolah ini sangat minim. Hal itu terjadi karena banyak guru PNS yang SK pengangkatannya ditempatkan di sekolah ini meminta mutasi kepada Dinas Pendidikan Provinsi Riau ke daerah perkotaan. Letak sekolah yang agak terisolasi dan jauh dari kota menjadi salah satu alasan mereka enggan mengajar di sekolah tersebut dan kemudian melakukan mutasi. Setiap tahunnya Ujian Kompetensi Keahlian (UKK) jurusan TKJ terdiri atas tiga paket dan ketiga paket tersebut menggunakan router mikrotik untuk dikerjakan oleh siswa secara praktek
Penyuluhan Manajemen dan Pengembangan Usaha Agroindustri Pengolahan Sagu di Desa Gogok Darussalam
Authors: Elida Septina , Kurniati Sri Ayu , Vaulina Sisca , Darus
Published: May 2020

Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti sebagian besar masyarakatnya bermatapencaharian sebagai petani yang mengusahakan berbagai jenis tanaman, khususnya tanaman pangan. Selain melakukan kegiatan produksi atau usahatani bahan pangan, usaha yang banyak dilakukan masyarakat adalah pengolahan atau agroindustri sagu. Produk olahan sagu yang banyak dihasilkan adalah bermacam-macam produk makanan seperti mie sagu, sagu rendang, sagu lemak, kerupuk sagu, dan lainnya. Namun masih banyak usaha agroindustri sagu yang manajemen atau pengelolaan usahanya masih tradisional sehingga produktivitas usaha menjadi rendah. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilakukan oleh tim Dosen Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Islam Riau di Desa Gogok Darussalam Kecamatan Tebing Tinggi Barat Kebupaten Kepulauan Meranti pada tanggal 25 Agustus 2018. Tema Kegiatan adalah penyuluhan manajemen dan pengembangan usaha agroindustri pengolahan sagu. Sehingga pengusaha agroindustri sagu memiliki kemampuan dan dapat membaca peluang usaha yang memiliki potensi untuk memproduksi produk unggulan yang berkualitas dan mampu memberikan nilai tambah produk sekaligus peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat.
Elucidating the Weakly Reversible Cs-Pb-Br Perovskite Nanocrystal Reaction Network with High-Throughput Maps and Transformations
Authors: Dahl Jakob , Wang Xingzhi , Huang Xiao , Chan Emory , Alivisatos Paul
Published: May 2020

Advances in automation and data analytics can aid exploration of the complex chemistry of nanoparticles. Lead halide perovskite colloidal nanocrystals provide an interesting proving ground: there are reports of many different phases and transformations, which has made it hard to form a coherent conceptual framework for their controlled formation through traditional methods. In this work, we systematically explore the portion of Cs-Pb-Br synthesis space in which many optically distinguishable species are formed using high-throughput robotic synthesis to understand their formation reactions. We deploy an automated method that allows us to determine the relative amount of absorbance that can be attributed to each species in order to create maps of the synthetic space. These in turn facilitate improved understanding of the interplay between kinetic and thermodynamic factors that underlie which combination of species are likely to be prevalent under a given set of conditions. Based on these maps, we test potential transformation routes between perovskite nanocrystals of different shapes and phases. We find that shape is determined kinetically, but many reactions between different phases show equilibrium behavior. We demonstrate a dynamic equilibrium between complexes, monolayers and nanocrystals of lead bromide, with substantial impact on the reaction outcomes. This allows us to construct a chemical reaction network that qualitatively explains our results as well as previous reports and can serve as a guide for those seeking to prepare a particular composition and shape.
Graph Neural Networks for Prediction of Fuel Ignition Quality
Authors: Schweidtmann Artur , Rittig Jan , König Andrea , Grohe Martin , Mitsos Alexander , Dahmen Manuel
Published: May 2020

Prediction of combustion-related properties of (oxygenated) hydrocarbons is an important and challenging task for which quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models are frequently employed. Recently, a machine learning method, graph neural networks (GNNs), has shown promising results for the prediction of structure-property relationships. GNNs utilize a graph representation of molecules, where atoms correspond to nodes and bonds to edges containing information about the molecular structure. More specifically, GNNs learn physico-chemical properties as a function of the molecular graph in a supervised learning setup using a backpropagation algorithm. This end-to-end learning approach eliminates the need for selection of molecular descriptors or structural groups, as it learns optimal fingerprints through graph convolutions and maps the fingerprints to the physico-chemical properties by deep learning. We develop GNN models for predicting three fuel ignition quality indicators, i.e., the derived cetane number (DCN), the research octane number (RON), and the motor octane number (MON), of oxygenated and non-oxygenated hydrocarbons. In light of limited experimental data in the order of hundreds, we propose a combination of multi-task learning, transfer learning, and ensemble learning. The results show competitive performance of the proposed GNN approach compared to state-of-the-art QSPR models making it a promising field for future research. The prediction tool is available via a web front-end at www.avt.rwth-aachen.de/gnn.
Computational Guided Identification of Novel Potent Inhibitors of NTD-N-Protein of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Dhankhar Poonam , dalal vikram , Singh Vishakha , Tomar Shailly , kumar pravindra
Published: May 2020

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has raised severe health problems in china and across the world as well. CoVs encode the nucleocapsid protein (N-protein), an essential RNA-binding protein that performs different roles throughout the virus replication cycle and forms the ribonucleoprotein complex with viral RNA using the N-terminal domain (NTD) of N-protein. Recent studies have shown that NTD-N-protein is a legitimate target for the development of antiviral drugs against human CoVs. Owing to the importance of NTD, the present study focuses on targeting the NTD-N-protein from SARS-CoV-2 to identify the potential compounds. The pharmacophore model has been developed based on the guanosine monophosphate (GMP), a RNA substrate and further pharmacophore-based virtual screening was performed against ZINC database. The screened compounds were filtered by analysing the in silico ADMET properties and drug-like properties. The pharmacokinetically screened compounds (ZINC000257324845, ZINC000005169973, and ZINC000009913056) were further scrutinized through computational approaches including molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations and revealed that these compounds exhibited good binding affinity as compared to GMP and provide stability to their respective complex with the NTD. Our findings could disrupt the binding of viral RNA to NTD, which may inhibit the essential functions of NTD. These findings may further provide an impetus to develop the novel and potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2.
Revealing the Molecular Mechanisms of Proteolysis of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro from QM/MM Computational Methods.
Authors: Swiderek Katarzyna , Moliner Vicent
Published: May 2020

SARS-CoV-2 Mpro is one of the enzymes essential for the replication process of the virus responsible of the COVID-19 pandemic. This work is focused on exploring its proteolysis reaction by means of QM/MM methods. The resulting free energy landscape of the process provides valuable information on the species appearing along the reaction path and suggests that the mechanism of action of this enzyme, taking place in four steps, slightly differs from other cysteine proteases. Our predictions, supported by the agreement with some recently published experimental data, can be used to guide the design of COVID-19 antiviral compounds with clinical potential.
Optimization of the Reaction Conditions for the Synthesis of Dihydrobenzofuran Neolignans
Authors: Dias Herbert , Rodrigues Matheus , Crotti Antônio Eduardo
Published: May 2020

We have optimized the experimental conditions for the silver(I)-promoted oxidative coupling of methyl p-coumarate (I) and methyl ferulate (II), which is the most frequently used methodology to synthesize the bioactive dihydrobenzofuran neolignans 1 ((±)-trans-dehydrodicoumarate dimethyl ester) and 2 ((±)-trans-dehydrodiferulate dimethyl ester). Most of the tested conditions affected the conversion (i.e., the consumption of I and II) and the selectivity (i.e., the percentage of I and II that was converted into 1 and 2, respectively), so the optimized conditions were the conditions that afforded the best balance between conversion and selectivity. Silver(I) oxide (0.5 eq) is the most efficient oxidant agent amongst the silver(I) reagents that were tested to convert methyl esters I and II into compounds 1 and 2, respectively. Acetonitrile, which has not yet been reported as a solvent for this reaction, provided the best balance between conversion and selectivity, besides being “greener” than other solvents that are more often employed (e.g., dichloromethane and benzene). Under the optimized conditions, the reaction time decreased from 20 h to 4 h without significantly impacting the conversion and selectivity. However, the relation between the results obtained by adding a radical initiator (AIBN) or a radical inhibitor (isoquinoline) and the previously reported involvement of radical intermediate species in the silver(I)-promoted oxidative coupling of I and II is not clear and deserves further investigation.
Development of Ultrasensitive and Arsenic (III) Selective Upconverting (NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+) Platform
Authors: Duhan Suman , Sahoo Kedar , Singh Sudhir Kumar , Kumar Manoj
Published: May 2020

The development of a sensitive alpha-NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+ solid-phase upconverting platform (UCP) has been realized using Moringa oleifera leaf extract for selective detection of arsenic (As III) contamination in drinking water. The presence of polyphenols in the leaves extract is shown to induce luminescence resonance transfer (LRET), diminishing thereby the Er3+ upconverting red and green emissions activated by 980 nm excitation. However, addition of As3+ species interrupts the LRET process and restores emission proportionately. This feature allows platform to selectively detect arsenic pollution in water below the safe limit of 10 ppt. The uniqueness of UCP lies in monitoring the As3+ contamination in samples containing heavy ions (Cd2+, Hg2+) as well, without apparent effect on the signal reproducibility. UCP is also found to be insensitive to other interfering ions like Pb2+, H2PO4-, F-, Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Sn2+, Cr6+, Fe2+ and Co2+, if present.
Reversible Photo-Control over Transmembrane Anion Transport Using Visible-Light Responsive Supramolecular Carriers
Authors: Kerckhoffs Aidan , Langton Matthew
Published: May 2020

Ion transport across lipid bilayer membranes in biology is controlled by membrane proteins, which in turn are regulated in response to chemical-, physical- and photo-stimuli. The design of synthetic supramolecular ion transporters able to be precisely controlled by external signals, in particular bio-compatible wavelengths of visible light, is key for achieving spatio-temporal control over function. Here we report two-colour responsive molecular photo-switches that act as supramolecular transmembrane anion carriers. Reversible switching of the photo-switch within the lipid bilayer membrane is achieved using biocompatible visible wavelengths of light, such that temporal control over transmembrane anion transport is achieved through alternating irradiation with red and blue light.
Site-Specific Electrodeposition Enables Self-Terminating Growth of Atomically Dispersed Metal Catalysts
Authors: Shi Yi , Huang Wenmao , Li Jian , Zhou Yue , Li Zhongqiu , Yin Yunchao , Xia Xinghua
Published: May 2020

The growth of atomically dispersed metal catalysts (ADMCs) remains a great challenge owing to the thermodynamically driven atom aggregation. Here we report a surface-limited electrodeposition technique that uses site-specific substrates for the rapid and room-temperature synthesis of ADMCs. We obtained ADMCs by the underpotential deposition (UPD) of a single-atom nonnoble metal onto the chalcogen atoms of chemically exfoliated transition metal dichalcogenides and subsequent galvanic displacement with a more-noble single-atom metal. The site-specific electrodeposition (SSED) enables the formation of energetically favorable metal–support bonds, and then automatically terminates the sequential formation of metallic bonding. The self-terminating effect restricts the metal deposition to the atomic scale. The modulated ADMCs exhibit remarkable activity and stability in the hydrogen evolution reaction compared to state-of-the-art single-atom electrocatalysts. We demonstrate that this SSED methodology could be extended to the synthesis of a variety of ADMCs (for example, Pt, Pd, Rh, Cu, Pb, Bi, and Sn single atoms), showing its general scope for the large-scale production of functional ADMCs in heterogenous catalysis.
Probing Interfaces in Complex Oxide Heterostructures via 17O Solid State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Hope Michael , Zhang Bowen , Zhu Bonan , Halat David M. , MacManus-Driscoll Judith L. , Grey Clare P.
Published: May 2020

The determination of the atomic-scale structure of a solid–solid interface is a major outstanding problem in the physical sciences, the structure controlling many properties including stability, ionic and electronic transport, magnetism, multiferroicity and superconductivity. NMR spectroscopy is sensitive to local structure but is not typically sufficiently sensitive or selective to observe solid–solid interfaces. In this work, CeO2–SrTiO3 vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) thin films are studied and, by combining selective isotopic enrichment with a lift-off technique to remove the substrate, the 17O NMR signal from single atomic layer interfaces can clearly be seen. The interfacial structure is solved by calculating the NMR parameters using density functional theory combined with random structure searching. By performing the isotopic enrichment at variable temperatures, the superior oxide-ion conductivity of the VAN films compared to the bulk materials is shown to arise in part from enhanced oxygen mobility at this interface; oxygen motion at the interface is further identified from 17O relaxometry experiments. These results highlight the information that can be obtained on interfacial structure and dynamics with solid-state NMR spectroscopy, in this and other nanostructured systems, our methodology being generally applicable to overcome sensitivity limitations in thin-film studies.
Comparison of Umbrella Sampling and Steered Molecular Dynamics Methods for Computing Free Energy Profiles of Aromatic Substrates through Phospholipid Bilayers
Authors: Noh Sang , Notman Rebecca
Published: May 2020

Understanding the permeation of molecules through lipid membranes is fundamental for predicting the cellular uptake of solutes and drug delivery mechanisms. In molecular simulations the usual approach is to compute the free energy (FE) profile of a molecule across a model lipid bilayer, which can then be used to estimate the permeability of the molecule. Umbrella sampling (US), which involves carrying out a series of biased simulations along a defined reaction coordinate (usually the bilayer normal direction), is a popular method for the computation of such FE profiles. However, US can be challenging to implement because the results are dependent on the strength of the biasing potential and the spacing of windows along the reaction coordinate, which, in practice, are usually optimized by an inefficient trial and error approach. The Steered Molecular Dynamics implementation of the Jarzynski Equality (JE-SMD) has been identified as an alternative to equilibrium sampling methods for measuring the FE change across a reaction coordinate. In the JE-SMD approach, equilibrium FE values are evaluated from the average of rapid non-equilibrium trajectories, thus avoiding the practical issues that come with US. Here, we use three different corrections of the JE-SMD method to calculate the FE change for the translocation of two aromatic substrates, phenylalanine and toluene, across a lipid bilayer, and compare the accuracy and computational efficiency of these approaches to the results obtained using US. We show evidence that when computing the free energy profile, the JE-SMD approach suffers from insufficient sampling convergence of the bilayer environment, and is dependent on the characteristic of the aromatic substrate itself. We deduce that, despite its drawbacks, US remains the more viable approach of the two for computing the FE profile.
Lived citizenship: conceptualising an emerging field
Authors: Kallio KP , Wood Bronwyn , Häkli J
Published: May 2020

© 2020, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Lived citizenship has emerged as a key concept in citizenship studies over the last two decades. A growing number of authors have applied ideas of lived citizenship as a generative approach to recognise the embodied, relational and lived experiences of being a citizen in everyday life. However, lived citizenship currently lacks conceptual clarity and framing which weakens its analytical power and potential. In this paper we consider the theoretical origins, current applications and development of lived citizenship in order to clarify it as a concept and consider possibilities for its future. We propose a conceptual framing underpinned by four dimensions of lived citizenship (spatial, intersubjective, performed and affective) to serve as a starting point to sharpen and define this emerging field. We then explore these dimensions through three domains of scholarship, of children and youth, asylum seekers, and city-regional dwellers to illustrate the potential of a lived citizenship approach. We conclude by examining some of the implications of this concept as well as its limitations, with the aim of opening a dialogue with inter-disciplinary scholars to help us to further conceptualise this emerging field and widen its future possibilities.
Are entrepreneurship educators cultivating entrepreneurs? Analysis of transformational attributes
Authors: Sarfraz Muhammad , Badar Kamal , Khattak Amira , Imtiaz Roohi
Published: May 2020

The entrepreneurship educators' role is becoming very critical because they cultivate, educate and transform the potential entrepreneurs into ultimate business founders. As a transformational leader, entrepreneurship educator's role is of great importance that energetically persuades, inspires, stimulates, motivates and leads students for entrepreneurship with the provision of real-life business/entrepreneurial knowledge. This study has analysed whether the top entrepreneurship educators in the world have the required transformational leadership attributes. This study is descriptive in nature and has used quantitative survey as main research method. A questionnaire was sent to the top 100 entrepreneurship educators via email. After collecting the responses, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and comparative analysis were run for attribution extents; and academic and practical experiences. The results indicate that most of the entrepreneurship educators possess transformational leadership attributes that are required to teach the entrepreneurship courses. The entrepreneurship educators combine their practical experiences with theoretical teaching practices to teach the students effectively. This study indicates some implications for the improvement of entrepreneurship educators' effectiveness in entrepreneurship teaching. Further, entrepreneurship educators' transformational attributes are required to be improved through educational and training programs more effectively.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and supramolecular interactions in a bis(tetrachlorocatecholate) chelated manganese(III) complex
Authors: Mahata G. , Panja A.
Published: May 2020

A mononuclear manganese(III) complex [DABH2][Mn2(Cl4Cat)2(H2O)2]·4DMF (1) (DAB = 1,4-diaminobutane, Cl4CatH2 = tetrachlorocatechol) is synthesized by a one-pot reaction involving manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate and tetrachlorocatechol in a 1:2 molar ratio in the presence of 1,4-diaminobutane in a DMF-water mixture under aerobic conditions, and is structurally characterized. X-ray crystallography reveals that the complex anion is constructed with two tetrachlorocatecholate ligands coordinated to the manganese(III) center in equatorial positions, and two axial positions are occupied by two water molecules. The crystal packing of 1 is stabilized by complex networks of hydrogen bonding interactions in which oxygen atoms of coordinated tetrachlorocatecholate ligands and lattice DMF molecules serve as hydrogen bond acceptors, while the axially coordinated water molecules together with doubly protonated 1,4-diaminobutane act as hydrogen bond donors. The solid state packing of 1 is further stabilized by Cl⋯Cl halogen bonding interactions within tetracholorocatecholate units and the C—H⋯π and π⋯π interactions involving DMF solvates and aromatic rings of the tetracholorocatecholate ligands. The complex is further characterized by IR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, and the results are analyzed.
Celebrating the 70th jubilee of prof. Vladimir Zhmur
Authors: Melnikov V. A. , Koshlyakov M. N. , Shchepetkin A. F.
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the anniversary of V.V. Zhmur – Professor, DSc, Corresponding
Member of Russian Academy of Sciences. He is the Chair of the Program of Thermohydromechanics of the Ocean at the Moscow Institute (University) of Physics and
Technology, leads the Laboratory of Sea Currents at the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology
of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and works in the top management of the Russian
Foundation for Basic Research. The article describes the contribution of V.V. Zhmur to the
development of national Oceanology on key scientific papers.
In memory of Ludmila Ilyash
Authors: Belevich T. A. , Azovsky A. I. , Dgibuadze Yu. Yu. , Flint M. V.
Published: May 2020

On January 6, 2020, Lyudmila Vasilyevna Ilyash, an outstanding hydrobiologist, Doctor of
Biological Sciences, professor of the Department of General Ecology and Hydrobiology
of the Biological Faculty of Lomonosov Moscow State University. Research interests
L.V. Ilyash covered a wide range of issues and topics related to the ecology of marine
planktonic and ice algae, patterns of formation of the structure and functioning of phytocenoses in marine ecosystems
Long-term tendencies in variations of hydro-meteorological characteristics in Kaliningrad Oblast
Authors: Stont Z.I. , Navrotskaya S.E. , Chubarenko B.V.
Published: May 2020

The variability (1901–2018) of the average annual values of air temperature, precipitation and sea level with climate averaging (within 30-year climatic periods with a shift of the 30- year “window” in 10-year increments) was analyzed for the coastal zone of the Kaliningrad Oblast (the territory of Russia in the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea). It was found that their synchronous increase was identified in the second half of the twentieth century (from the 1950s), intensified in 1961–1990 and, especially, in 1991–2018. This increase provides an apparently high correlation coefficients between the time variations of the 30-year average of these parameters (r = 0.70÷0.95), although in fact this synchronous increase is a response to external (for the region) impact. Considering the link between the variations of 30-year averages around the lines of their positive trends, it was found that this link (a) is extremely weak for precipitation and air temperature (r = 0.10); (b) is weak for sea level and precipitation (r = 0.48); and is rather high for sea level and air temperature (r = 0.85). Analysis of changes in average annual values of these parameters within 30-years periods showed that trends for the air temperature and sea level were extreme in the last period (1991–2018). A more detailed consideration of changes in the average annual temperature, precipitation and sea level over 15-year half-periods within time of growth (1961–2018) showed that the main increase occurred in the first half of this interval, and this increase was slightly slowed down in the second half. The increase in average annual air temperature is mainly due to an increase in temperature in winter and spring, which is associated with a decrease in contrast between seasons. The ambiguity of the contribution of extreme levels to the growth of the average annual level (4.5 cm/decade) was shown for 1961–2018: the positive trends of the minimum level was 3.4 cm/decade, and for the maximum level – 1.2 cm/decade. It was noted that the main increase in the average annual level was due to the growth of the level in the winter period. The reason may be an increase in the number of warm and humid winters due to general climate warming.
Routine identification of four sympatric species of calanoid copepods Pseudocalanus spp. in the Atlantic Arctic using a species-specific polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Ershova E. A.
Published: May 2020

Сalanoid copepods of the genus Pseudocalanus play an important role in the plankton communities of the Arctic and boreal seas, often dominating in numbers and constituting a significant proportion of the biomass of zooplankton. Despite their high presence and significance in the shelf plankton communities, species-specific studies of the biology of these are significantly hampered by extremely small morphological differences between them, especially at the juvenile stages, at which they are virtually indistinguishable. In this paper, we describe a new, routine and low-cost molecular method for identifying all Pseudocalanus species found in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic: the Arctic P. acuspes, P. minutus and the boreal P. moultoni and P. elongatus, and apply it to describe the relative distribution of these species in four locations of the Arctic and sub-Arctic. With this method, species-specific polymerase chain reaction (ssPCR), mass identification of individuals of any developmental stage, including nauplii, is possible. This method can serve as an excellent tool for studying the species-specific biology of this group, describing their life cycles, as well as monitoring changes in Arctic marine ecosystems under the influence of changing climate.
Computer vision syndrome: prevalence and predictors among students
Authors: Arshad Sonya , Qureshi Muhammad Faisal , Ali Muhammad , Piryani Komal , Shafqat Komal , Mateen Madiha , Waheed Mahnoor , Rohaila Mahnoor , Amin Manal
Published: May 2020

Background: Globally around 60 million people are suffering from Computer vision syndrome (CVS). A well-known eye and vision-related problem resulting from prolonged computer, tablet, e-reader and cell phone use. Viewing a digital screen often increases the visual load therefore the aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of CVS among students.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st September 2018 to 31st May 2019 on a sample of 320 students from diverse physiotherapy institutes of Karachi.  Participants of both genders between the age of 18-24 years were included in the study. Data regarding demographics, CVS assessment, associated symptoms, intensity of symptoms and daily vision routine was recorded. CVS was assessed using a standardized CVS questionnaire (CVS-Q) and analyzed using SPSS version 21.

Results: A total of 320 physiotherapy students with a mean age of 21.04+0.8 years were enrolled in the study, majority of them were females 245(76.6%). Out of these, 186 students were diagnosed with CVS as they scored ≥6 on Segui and Colleagues CVS questionnaire with headache being the most prevalent symptom (63.1%) followed by itching (52.8%), increased sensitivity to light (43.6%), eye pain (42.6%) and feeling of foreign body (39.5%). Among the activities involved in daily vision routine, optical use and sitting posture were significantly associated with CVS.

Conclusion: It can be concluded from the study results that CVS is highly prevalent among physiotherapy students, one of the reasons for this might be the increased digital screens usage for academic purpose and clinical decision making.
Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among healthcare professionals at tertiary care hospitals, Karachi – Pakistan
Authors: Ayub Yameema , Anjum Raheela , Margrat Shabana , Ashraf Azeem , Qayyum Saira
Published: May 2020

Background: The prevalence and severity of mental health issues among the healthcare professionals (HPs) has escalated during the past few years. Depression, anxiety and stress are common complaints among the HP’s, having a profound impact on their personal and professional life. The purpose of this study was to assess the severity level of depression, anxiety and stress among HPs at tertiary care hospitals of Karachi.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2019 at three tertiary care teaching hospitals of Karachi including Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre (JPMC), National Institute of Child Health (NICH) and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD). Total 260 HPs (doctors, nurses, physiotherapist, pharmacist, laboratory technician and nursing technicians) were selected through convenience sampling method. In addition to the demographic details, the prevalence and severity score of depression, anxiety and stress was assessed using depression, anxiety and stress scale 42 (DASS 42). The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.

Results: Among 260 HP’s, 48.5% were males and 51.5% were females, moderate depression was found in 33(12.7%) HP’s, 28(10.8%) had severe depression while 6(2.3%) were suffering from extremely severe depression. Anxiety levels were moderate in 67(25.8%), 32(12.3%) and 21(8.1%) reported severe and very severe anxiety respectively. Moreover, stress levels were moderate among 45(17.3%) HP’s, while severe and very severe levels were observed among 13(5%) and 7(2.7%) responders respectively. There was no association in between the sociodemographic characteristics and depression, anxiety and stress (p>0.05).

Conclusion: It was observed that most of the HP’s were suffering from mild to moderate depression, anxiety and stress. Further research is required to explore the possible contributing factors and methods for eradication of this health issue.
Comparative analysis of perceived medical school stress among freshman & graduate year senior students
Authors: Minhas Farhat , Mujtaba Muhammad , Jamil Sohail , Javed Unaiza , Rabbani MUhammad Waqas , Minhas Iftikhar
Published: May 2020

Background: Research indicates that medical students are exposed to higher stress levels due to extensive academic programs. In order to control this public health issue, it is important to understand the significance and impact of stress on the personal as well as professional life of the medical school students. To compare the perceived medical school stress among freshman and graduate year students of Medical School.

Methodology: This cross-sectional – comparative analysis, was conducted on a sample of 200 medical students from three different private medical colleges at Lahore. No gender or age-related bias was observed and the initial sample (chosen via simple random sampling). Basic biodata, sociodemographic details and score of the Perceived Medical School Stress (PMSS) were recorded using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS v.21 & Microsoft Excel 2017.

Results: Among, the 200 students chosen to be a part of the study, 100 were freshman (i.e. were first year students) with a mean age of 19 ± 0.5 years and 100 were graduate year senior students (i.e. were final year students) with a mean age of 22.9 ± 0.8 years. 29.5% of the sample comprised of males while the remaining 70.5% were females. The mean difference between the two groups of students in the PMSS academic domain was just - 0.59 (p = 0.587) and the mean difference in the psychosocial domain was 0.54 (p = 0.788). The mean difference in the total PMSS score was 0.05 (p = 0.999).

Conclusion: After careful consideration, it is concluded that the mean perceived medical school stress among medical students does not differ much between freshman and graduate year students. However, despite not being much diverse in both groups was the mean scores those are higher than what may be considered healthy for medical students. Thus factors, other than increasing educational years and the resultant increase in the difficulty of the course may be explored.
Comparison of Anxiety levels among Medical & Engineering Students
Authors: Ahmed Sarfaraz , Abdullah Kiran , Ghani Abdul
Published: May 2020

Background: Medical and Engineering educational programs are widespread and difficult, which frequently leads to anxiety. The basic objective of this study was to compare the anxiety levels among medical & engineering students.

Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out among students of different medical & engineering universities of Karachi from August 2018 to February 2019. A simple stratified sampling technique was used, 250 medical students and 150 engineering students including both genders participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of socio demographic profile, details on anxiety episodes, causes of anxiety, physical symptoms and ways to overcome anxiety was utilized in this study.

Results: Findings showed that among 250 medical students 160(64%) had anxiety out of which 49% were moderate and 15% were in severe anxiety.  On the other hand, 54 (36%) engineering students had anxiety. Social interactions (45%) and university/work (35%) were the prime cause of anxiety as indicated by study population.

Conclusion: Significant differences were shown between medical and engineering students. Our study suggests that medical students experience more anxiety than engineering students.