bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acetabular Paralabral Cyst Causing Obturator Nerve Compression in the Setting of Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Jafarnia Jordan , Wininger Austin E. , Holderread Brendan M. , Harris Joshua D. , Echo Anthony
Published: December 2022

Case:

Large acetabular paralabral cysts can cause compression of the surrounding neurovascular structures leading to sensory and motor deficits. We present a 68-year-old man with obturator nerve denervation from a paralabral cyst secondary to a labral tear associated with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Resolution of symptoms and return to full activities were achieved at 3 months and maintained beyond 1 year through open cyst excision, obturator neurolysis, arthroscopic femoral osteoplasty, and labral repair in the same surgical setting. The patient had a successful clinical outcome, with pain and dysfunction resolution.

Conclusion:

Large paralabral cysts may cause obturator nerve compression, which can be successfully treated with open nerve decompression and arthroscopic treatment of labral pathology.
Where is my footprint located? Estimating the geographical variance of Hybrid-LCA footprints
Authors: Jakobs Arthur , Schulte Simon , Pauliuk Stefan
Published: December 2022

Hybrid- Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) mostly fails to fully exploit valuable information from Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) models by aggregating regional supply chains to the lower geographical resolution of process LCA databases. We propose a method for sampling the various individual regions within the aggregated regional scope of LCA processes. This sampling not only maximises the information content of the hybrid LCA footprint results by preserving the regional variance, it also allows for using regional price distributions form BACI/UN-COMTRADE international trade statistics to simultaneously improve the accuracy of the hybrid model. In this work we analyse the impact of regional variance and the use of regional price distributions on the uncertainty of the hybrid footprint results for both the carbon (GWP100) and land use footprint and compare this to the variance resulting from price variance only and regional variance only. We find that the median process footprint intensity increases by 7 +18 − 3 % for the GWP100 due to hybridisation, and 90 +143 − 23 % for the Land Use footprint. Our results also show that the magnitude of the footprint uncertainty strongly depends on the product sector of the LCA process and environmental impact considered. Additionally, we illustrate the effect of regional variance and price distributions on a consumption footprint using a case study of Swiss household consumption. Here the truncation error estimates are 8 . 4 +9 . 2 − 2 . 7 % for the GWP100 and 36 +64-14 % for the land use footprint. The relative uncertainties of the truncation error correction are very high (110-178% for the upper limits) moreover the have a strong positive skew. Our results highlight the importance of regionalisation of process LCA databases, as it has the potential to significantly improve both the precision and accuracy of hybrid LCA models.
Factors affecting soil quality index and spatial variability of multifunction in dryland: Climate and biological soil crust development
Authors: Li Yonggang , Huang Yunjie , Lu Yongxing , Yin Benfeng , Tao Ye , Zhou Xiaobing , Zhang Yuanming
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims:
Soil multifunctional (MF) and quality index (SQI) are essential indicators of soil function, productivity, and health, and the spatial variability of soil multifunctional (SVM) is a significant characteristic of soil heterogeneity. As fundamental components of drylands, biological soil crusts (BSCs) or biocrusts regulate soil MF, SQI, and SVM to global climate changes. Biocrusts affect the soil MF, SQI, and SVM; however, there is little information about the role of soil in interspaces of BSC patches with diverse biocrust types in regulating the response of multiple ecosystem functions to climate change.
Methods
We evaluated the relative importance of climate, soil environment, and biotic (e.g., BSC) variables as drivers of soil MF, SQI, and SVM at 74 sites in the Gurbantunggut Desert.
Results
We found that soil pH, soil EC, soil MF, and SQI increase with the development of BSC. Climate (MAP, MAT, MAW) and soil environment (soil pH, EC) affect soil MF and SQI. SVM displayed a significant decreasing trend with the increase of MAP and soil EC. Based on the SEM analysis, the interpretation rate of the model to the SVM was 24%. The SEM model shows that the climate has a significant positive effect on soil sand content, soil EC, and soil MF. Similarly, BSC development had a significant positive effect on soil EC, soil MF, and SQI. BSC development had no significant influence on the SVM.
Conclusion
These results indicate that future changes in climate may directly affect the desert soil MF, SQI, and SVM and indirectly affect soil MF and SQI by changes in soil environment (soil sand content, pH, EC) and BSC development. The findings contribute significantly to our understanding of the patterns and mechanisms driving soil MF, SQI, and SVM in drylands, which is important for predicting changes in ecosystem functioning under climate change.
The combined effect of different temperatures and diurnal light intensity can be an effective tool for cyanobacterial bloom management considering hydrogen peroxide as an indicator
Authors: Rahman Mizanur , Asaeda Takashi , Abeynayaka Helayaye Damitha Lakmali
Published: December 2022

Diurnal variations in oxidative stress conditions of cyanobacteria using laboratory experiments were conducted for assessing photoinhibition effects. The sufficient Microcystis aeruginosa cells were made in three sets at 30°C, 20°C, and 10°C for 23 days. The diurnal light changing exposure was performed after 23 days starting at 6:00 and continuing till 21:00. The samples were collected at three hour intervals — 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, and 21:00 — to analyze hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration, protein concentration, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) content, and catalase (CAT) activity. The production of H2O2 increased following the PAR intensity variation, with a delay of a few hours (peaking at15:00) in the different temperatures. The Chl-a content and protein concentration also declined as an effect of temperatures and the diurnal light intensities. CAT activity was proportionate to the H2O2/protein. No H2O2 concentrations detected outside cells indicated the biological production of H2O2 which was parameterized with H2O2/protein. The combined effect of different temperatures and diurnal light intensity shows that a decreasing trend of H2O2/protein is observed at 10°C compared with 30°C and 20°C. Hence, this combined effect of temperature and diurnal light change will be effective in cyanobacterial bloom treatment using H2O2 as an indicator.
Mother-infant bonding and breastfeeding in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy or seizures
Authors: Sharpe Cynthia , Reed Peter , Borja Tania , Wang Sonya , Rassmussen Maynard , Lee Lilly , Haas Richard , Reiner Gail
Published: December 2022

Mother-infant bonding and breastfeeding are critical factors in the long-term outcomes of neonates. This is a first-of-its-kind exploratory study that reports the maternal bonding status and provision of breastmilk for families whose infants suffered from hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) or neonatal seizures. Eighty-six mothers who participated in the NEOLEV2 neonatal seizure clinical trial were interviewed. Researchers surveyed mothers using the Parent Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) and subjects provided additional qualitative comments on their experiences bonding and breastfeeding in the hospital as well as at home with their high-risk newborns. Participant interviews highlighted the impact of stressors surrounding the health and progress of their neonates that negatively impacted maternal-infant bonding as well as contributed to their inability to provide breastmilk. New mothers, in particular, reported a desire to continue breastfeeding, but felt that there was inadequate support for them. Further considerations of Whole Person Care in maternal-infant bonding, breastfeeding, mental, and postpartum support for parents of high-risk neonates could reduce long-term challenges for this vulnerable population.
Barriers to Reporting Adverse drug reaction among Health Care Providers In Ethiopia
Authors: Jifar Wakuma Wakene , Ketebo Buta Hawas
Published: December 2022

Background: Timely adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reporting has contributed immensely towards public health safety and adverse drug reaction reporting helps the drug monitoring system to detect the unwanted effects of those drugs which are already in the market.
Objective: To assess Barriers to Reporting Adverse drug reaction among Health Care Providers in Ethiopia.
Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing a self-administered questionnaire from the medical staff. Questions about knowledge and attitude were scored and categorized. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the relationship between the dependent and independent variables, with a p-value of <0.05 being considered statistically significant.
Result: A total of 90 health care professionals were surveyed, and 54.4% of them were men. The availability of the ADRs reporting form was known by (51.1%) of the respondents, (81.1%) of them had encountered ADR during their practice. Sex (aOR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.001, 7.33; p<0.001 working experience (aOR: 4.21, 95% CI: 1.54-11.32; p=0.004), and training (aOR: 3.68, 95%CI 1.14-11.68; p=0.031) were factors associated with adequate knowledge. Training was the only factor that determined ADRs reporting.
Conclusion: From this study, it can be inferred that although health care professionals have a decent level of knowledge and a favorable attitude toward ADR reporting, there is a low level of ADR reporting and training was the only factor that determined ADRs reporting.
Determinants of health seeking behaviour in South Sudan: a cross-sectional household survey
Authors: Obels Ilja , Coleman Harry , Straetemans Masja , Gurp Margo van , Lutwama George William , Jacobs Eelco
Published: December 2022

Background
Access to healthcare is a major challenge in South Sudan, but evidence on factors influencing health seeking behaviour (HSB) and the magnitude of these associations is limited. This study aims to identify which determinants are associated with seeking care for perceived health needs and with seeking care at private or public healthcare facilities in South Sudan.
Methods
A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in three purposefully-selected states (Central Equatoria, Western Equatoria and Warrap). A multi-stage, cluster sampling design was used. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were computed to explore the relationships between seeking care for perceived health needs and choice of facility, and individual and household characteristics based on an adapted Levesque framework.
Results
We identified that individuals who obtained medication (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.52-5.22), obtained and paid for medication (OR 3.94, 95% CI 2.30-6.74), lived in Western-Equatoria (OR 9.51, 95% CI 2.35-38.53), were from the second-highest wealth quintile (OR 4.74, 95% CI 2.06-10.92) and were aware of Community Health Workers (CHWs) (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.30-3.03), were significantly more likely to seek care for a perceived health need. Individuals who obtained and paid for medication (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.64-6.10) and who lived further from a public health centre (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05-1.30) were more likely to seek care at a private facility, while individuals who used the provider before (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.31-0.74), lived in Western Equatoria (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.10-0.52), lived in a rural household (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.15-0.77) and had a longer travel time to the visited health facility, were less likely to seek care at a private facility.
Conclusions
Socioeconomic status and awareness of CHWs were associated with health seeking, while distance to facilities was associated with choice of facility. Our results suggest differences in patterns of HSB between states, but studies with larger sample sizes are needed to analyse this. Furthermore, qualitative studies into access to healthcare in South Sudan could help characterise the nature of determinants and their relationship.
Captured long-read sequecing provides an efficient and accurate method for molecular diagnosis of Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies
Authors: LING CHAO , Dai Yi , Geng Chang , Pan Shirang , Quan Weipeng , Ding Qingyun , Yang Xunzhe , Shen Dongchao , Tao Qing , Li Jingjing , Li Jia , Wang Yinbin , Jiang Shang , Wang Yang , Chen Lin , Cui Liying , Wang Depeng
Published: December 2022

Background: Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies are not caused by deletions and duplications in the dystrophin (DMD) gene alone. A number of small and complex mutations in DMD were being found by multiple methods combined screening, including the next generation sequencing. However, there is still absent an effective method that could detect all types the potential variants in DMD. Therefore, in this study we explored a one-step detection method for DMD gene mutation based on long-read sequencing technology.
Methods: A whole DMD gene panel including 20kb flanking sequences of the up and down stream of the DMD gene was designed. Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore Technologies were used to evaluate the capture and sequencing performance of the panel. A total of 129 subjects were selected for single-blind deep investigation and validation.
Results: The results demonstrated that the long-read sequencing based DMD gene panel could integrally and accurately detect the multiple types of the variants in one-step. The noncontiguous variants were definitively corrected and attributed to translocation or inversion. Meanwhile, the micro insertion and deletion and the single nucleotide variants, especially the deep intronic variants, could be detected exactly compared with short-read sequencing technologies. Additionally, the captured long-read sequencing method could attain higher accuracy in female carrier mutation detection.
Conclusion: This study illustrated that captured long-read sequencing could uncover the real features of DMD rearrangements via the effective junction reads analysis, and provide a complete and precise insight into the DMD gene mutation. Further, improve the molecular treatment of DMD/BMDin a base-pair resolution.
Women’s alcohol Consumption During The Restriction Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: a Phone Based Survey
Authors: de Vargas Divane , Ramírez Erika Gisseth León , Pereira Caroline Figueira , Filho José Adelmo da Silva , Lima Ana Vitória Correa , Marques Dionasson Altivo , Volpato Rosa Jacinto , Santos Lucas Cardoso dos
Published: December 2022

Background: Women were more prone to consuming alcohol as a coping mechanism, towards the COVID-19 pandemic stressors than men. There are worldwide evidences of an increase in this consumption during the social restriction phases and its association with negative impact on women's health conditions. The study aimed to describe women’s alcohol use throughout the restriction phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo, Brazil. Method: Cross-sectional survey based on telephonic self-reports, and enrolled women who sought health care at primary health care. The sample comprised 3252 women, of whom 1308 (40%) reported consuming alcohol. The independent variable was the timing of the COVID-19 pandemic’s restriction phases. Data collection was based on telephonic self-reports, and enrolled women who sought health care at primary health care. The AUDIT-C was used as a measurement instrument. The covariates included socio-demographics, lifestyle, and outcomes related to the COVID-19 infection. Univariate and multivariate models were used for analysis. A generalized linear model with a negative binomial distribution and zero inflation for the AUDIT-C score as an outcome variable was used for the entire sample.
Findings: Women’s alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 restriction phases was compatible with moderate-risk use 3.5 (SD=2.9). Binge drinking was observed in 41.8% of the participants. Alcohol consumption was 28.9% higher in the transition phase of social restriction than in the restriction and flexibilization phases. Hospitalization for COVID-19 and loss of loved one due to COVID-19 were associated with alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Women presented a pattern of moderate risk of alcohol. This consumption were higher during the restriction phase of the pandemic in South America’s largest city; tehrefore, it brought important reflections on the women’s pattern of alcohol consumption revealing social and clinical vulnerability of this population, which might be taken into account in future health policies and programs.
A case report on intracranial subdural hematoma following spinal anesthesia: A rare complication of a common procedure
Authors: Zewde Yared Z. , Ali Kemal , Getahun Betelhem , Sintayehu Mamaru
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Intracranial subdural hematoma is a rare complication of lumbar puncture and spinal anesthesia. The presenting symptoms mimic other benign conditions such as post dural puncture headache which often led to mis-and delayed-diagnoses. With high degree of suspicion and proper intervention fatal outcomes can be avoided.
Case presentation: A 36-year-old HIV+ primigravida mother underwent a cesarean section under spinal anesthesia for an indication of non-reassuring fetal heart rate two weeks back. After the procedure, she reported mild occipital headache which was precipitated by upright postural. With a diagnosis of post dural puncture headache, conservative management was started and her headache subsequently improved. On day four, both the mother and her baby discharged home. A week later the patient developed occipital headache which gradually worsen and become unremitting with associated diplopia, blurred vision, neck pain and vomiting which forced her to visit the emergency department at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Except moderate nuchal rigidity her physical examination was unremarkable. Brain imaging was requested and revealed bilateral acute and subacute subdural hematoma without mass effect. After neurosurgical consultation, conservative management with bed rest, hydration and oral analgesics was initiated. On day ten her headache and other symptoms significantly improved. She was discharged with outpatient follow-up.
Conclusion: Clinicians should be vigilant about the evolving nature of post dural puncture headache and the possibility of intracranial subdural hematoma when patients presented with persistent or worsening headache which becomes non-positional following dural puncture and spinal anesthesia. Early detection and proper intervention are imperative to avoid permanent disability or mortality.
Somatic embryogenesis processes and changes in endogenous hormone content of Cinnamomum camphora L.
Authors: Guo Haoran , Li Jingman , Ma Yu , Zhu Zhongfeng , Du Li
Published: December 2022

Immature zygotic embryos of the camphor tree were used as explants, under dark conditions, the somatic embryos induction rate (68.75%) was the highest when the immature zygotic embryos were 6 mm in size. And using sucrose as a carbon source was more conducive to the induction of somatic embryos. The highest cotyledon embryos proliferation rate (36.67%) appeared in the combination of 1.2 mg/L 6-BA + 0.2 mg/L IBA + 8.0 mg/L GA3, and the highest cotyledon embryos germination rate (20%) appeared at 2.4 mg/L 6-BA + 0.4 mg/L IBA + 4.0 mg/L GA3. Changes of endogenous hormone content and radio of various types of embryogenic cultures were clearly diverse: IAA and ABA were always at higher levels, and the highest values of GA3 (0.31 ng·g-1) and ZT (0.09 ng·g-1) appeared in SEG explant, and ZT was only detected in SEG explant, it is speculated that appropriately increasing the content of endogenous ZT or the concentration of exogenous cytokinin may help to induce germination of somatic embryos. The highest values of ABA/IAA (8.46) occurred in SEG explant, followed by SE explant (2.83), which was initially thought to be related to the development and germination of somatic embryos. The highest values of ABA/GA3(180.00) were found in SE explant, followed by YC explant (69.50), which indicated that a higher ratio was beneficial to the normal development of somatic embryos.
Study of the effectiveness of a ZnO–TiO2 formulation in the degradation of humic substances in mature leachate by solar photocatalysis
Authors: Nohara Nicoly Milhardo Lourenço , Filho Hélcio José Izário , Siqueira Adriano Francisco , de Aguiar Leandro Gonçalves , de Oliveira Gabriel Caracciolo Koenigkam , Nohara Evandro Luís , Alcântara Marco Aurélio Kondracki
Published: December 2022

Treatment of landfill leachate is an important environmental issue, especially in developing countries such as Brazil. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been considered interesting treatment alternatives. In this study, ZnO–TiO2 mixtures were incorporated into a paint polymer matrix and fixed onto supports. Paints were applied by overlapping coat layers on plates, resulting in high film thickness (600 ± 80 µm). Treatment of mature leachate by an AOP was conducted in a plug flow reactor connected to a stirred tank under solar irradiation. The objective was to evaluate the degradation of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid + humins (FAH). The highest HA and FAH removal efficiencies were 62% ± 4.9% and 16% ± 4.2%, respectively. The kinetic model provided an R2 of 0.974. Rate constants for HA and FAH removal were 2.96 and 1.03 × 10− 3 min− 1, respectively. Statistical models for HA and FAH degradation had R2 values of 0.96 and 0.99, respectively. Both approaches indicated that HA degradation is greater at acidic pH and higher TiO2 concentrations. FAH degradation was favored by acidic pH and higher ZnO concentrations. Statistical models showed the same significant difference in conversion between replicate runs, suggesting a uniform diffusion of fractions through catalysts.
Burglar Alarm Using Hall Sensor
Authors: Susaritha M , Chandru S , Ezhilarasan M , Anish K R
Published: December 2022

This paper is principally intimate the updated technology of burglar alarm using sensor. Here magnetic field sensing element plays an important role in providing the range of the magnetic field. In recent days robbery in home and department stores are increasing more frequently. Due to this people feel less secure in their life. Burglar alarm is the technology that uses sensors to detect and measure the magnetic field strength. To avoid this type of scenario here comes burglar alarm system. This alarm indicates whether there is any theft in home, bank, office, jewelry shops, grocery stores and in many other places. This updated alarm system includes a sensing element which will detect magnetic field and translate them into commands for the alarm to initiate the move. This paper offers an updated system of burglar alarm using hall sensor. The sensor detects the magnetic field and passes the information about magnetic field strength and the output is displayed in the 16x2 LCD display.
Optimized Train Dispatching and Rescheduling During a Disruption in a Bottleneck Section
Authors: Byegon Danson , Bisrat Birhanu Reesom , Gashaw Sosina M.
Published: December 2022

Railway transportation is nowadays becoming one of the most preferred mode of transport due to its safety, capacity and reliability; the capital cost for the construction of the railway infrastructure is however very high and is characterized by high rigidity as the track layout is fixed; therefore there is need to optimally use the available infrastructure. Minor delays arising from a simple disruptions or even a single train failure can have massive impacts in terms of overall delays for subsequent trains using the track facility if not solved amicably. Disruptions can be attributed to power outages, mechanical failures, derailments, accidents or even environmental factors. In a case of multiple uncertain perturbations happening in a busy complex railway network, where there are many trains requesting to use the available track resources concurrently, there will be massive delays which has a lot of negative operational and economic implications as well as passengers’ dissatisfaction. A mathematical model that is; a mixed-integer linear programming formulation is modelled to minimize total time delays in case of a set of multiple disruptions occurring on a busy track section i.e. bottleneck section, the model is formulated with consideration of sets of constraints factoring in feasible routes and safety margins and other operational dynamics such as dwell times to achieve optimal use of the available infrastructure. A number of numerical experiments based on arbitrary data and real network data are carried out to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model. Performance of the designed model is evaluated and results are validated, the results obtained shows that the model offers an efficient rescheduled trains operation plan during disruptions, furthermore the performance of Fmincon solver and genetic algorithms (GA) are compared and their robustness evaluated, GA shows better performance during multiple disruption scenario.
DDdeep: deep learning-based text analysis for depression illness detection on social media posts
Authors: Keyvanpour Mohammad reza , Mehrmolaei Soheila , Gholami Faezeh
Published: December 2022

Recently, depression has been raised as one of the most popular mental health disorders in the world. Also, social networks can be considered a valuable resource for mental health research due to the tendency of users for sharing their thoughts and feelings. On the other hand, text analysis of user posts relying on neural networks for such research is increasing. Neural networks have recently achieved significant success in text analysis because of the ability to automatically extract distinguishing features from data. However, neural networks are ignored the temporal and sequential nature of users' posts on social networks which affects the accuracy of the results. This shortcoming prompted us to present a more efficient method considering the sequential and temporal nature of social media users' posts. Thus, we have proposed a deep learning-based hybrid method called DDdeep to handle the mentioned challenge. There are three main features in our method, which are (1) text analysis relying on the temporal and sequential nature of posts, (2) identifying depressed users only by considering how users use language, and (3) remembering decisions because of the dependence of each post on previous posts. The DDdeep method has integrated a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract more important features and long-short term memory (LSTM) to remember previous decisions. Our method identifies the depressed users by 78% precision, 70% recall, and 73% F1-score. Therefore, the evaluation results of our method are acceptable and competitive compared to other valid methods in this field.
6084 Cases of Non-neonatal Tetanus from China: A Literature Analysis
Authors: Gou Yi , Li Shengming , Zhang Junfei , Hei Xiaoping , Lv Bohui , Feng Ke
Published: December 2022

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and the situations of the treatment and outcome of tetanus and find out the focus of tetanus prevention and treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality in China, this paper retrospectively studied the literature and analyzed the clinical characteristics and the situations of treatment and outcome of tetanus in China.
Methods: Four databases, including the Chinese Bio-Medical Literature Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Wan-fang Data, were searched from 1 January/2000 to 30/October/2022. Descriptive statistics calculated frequencies and percentages.
Results: The total 151 articles, including 6084 tetanus patients, met the inclusion criteria. 5925 patients were recorded gender in detail, of which 66.67% (3950/5925) were male, and 33.33% (1975/ 5925) were female. The average age of the detailed records was 4773 cases, with an overall average age of 46.69; the minimum and maximum mean ages are 25.00 and 65.22 years old, respectively. The number of patients’ residence places recorded was 580; those from rural areas had the highest percentage, 88.62% (514 / 580). The causes of injury recorded were 1592 cases in total; injuries caused by metals, wood, and wooden spikes, such as rusty nails and iron pieces, accounted for the highest percentage of 54.52% (868/1592). The patients recorded outcome amounted to 4305 cases, of whom 402 died, and the mortality was 9.34%. The leading causes of death included treatment terminatedby family members, asphyxia due to persistent spasms, respiratory failure, and autonomic dysfunction, in which family automatic abandonment and asphyxia accounted for the highest percentage, both 24.00% (54/225).
Conclusion: the overall success rate of tetanus treatment in China has dramatically improved, but the prevention and control situation of non-neonatal tetanus is still strenuous; the focus of it should be put on the prevention of adult tetanus and standardizing the use of sedative and spasmolytic drugs. Popularize tetanus prevention and treatment knowledge to the people, and strengthen the training in grass-roots hospitals, the combined application of Chinese and western medicine may be a new direction with the value of exploring reducing the dosage of sedative and spasmolytic drugs.
Poultry industry by-products as an alternative source of exotic leather
Authors: Teshome Zerihun , Tesfaye Tamrat , Belay Tsion , Esubalew Tesfaldet , Baye Belete
Published: December 2022

Chicken paw skin was available in enormous quantities, which would be considered waste in the Ethiopian poultry industry. Due to a lack of awareness and technology in Ethiopia, chicken paw skin was neither consumed as food by people nor converted into leather and leather products by tanneries. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of poultry waste beneficiation. Raw chicken paw skin was characterized by using a different chemical treatment to convert it into leather and leather products by using a suitable and eco-friendly tanning method. In this study, organoleptic properties, tensile strength, tear strength, visual assessment, water absorption properties of chicken leather, and leather products were made from chicken leg leather. Chicken leg leather has a unique grain structure, good strength, and an attractive look. Chicken paw leather has good physical properties, with tensile strength, elongation, and tear strength of 244.6N, 29%, and 28.6N, respectively, like exotic animals used to produce small and medium leather products. The feasibility of using chicken poultry waste and leather paw skin was also investigated. Finally, chicken leg leather demonstrates the potential for use as a raw material for highly fashionable leather, which is used for medium-sized leather products with low manufacturing costs.
The Computational Description of O 2 Molecules Purification Process from CO 2 Pollution via Porous Iron Membrane
Authors: Jafari Mostafa , Sabetvand Roozbeh
Published: December 2022

The concept of porous material is implemented in many areas of applied science and engineering such as filtration, mechanics, engineering, geosciences, biology and biophysics, material science. In current computational research, we report the porous iron matrix as a metallic membrane for air purification from Carbon dioxide (CO2) pollution by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach. In our calculations, the porous iron membrane was simulated in MD simulation box with the Embedded Atom Model (EAM). The membrane purification behavior is reported with temperature, total energy, filtration value, Young’s modulus, and ultimate strength. Temperature and total energy convergence indicated the atomic stability in our MD simulations. Furthermore, the atomic purification process was detected after t = 2 ns for the defined metallic membrane. This process is affected by temperature/pressure increasing from 300 K/1 bar to 350 K/5 bar, and number of absorbed CO2 molecules in MD simulations varies from 122 to 98/154 molecules. Also, mechanical calculations show that the metallic membrane was weakened mechanically after the purification process. Numerically, Young’s modulus of the porous iron membrane decreases from 6.11 GPa to 5.88 GPa after CO2 molecules separation from O2 molecules with porous iron matrix.
Implementation of Smart Materials for Actuation of Traditional Valve Technology for Hybrid Energy Systems
Authors: zaman saqlain , Leyva Alba , Hassan Md Sahid , Valladolid Ariztbe , Herrera Nicolas E. , Tucker David , Haynes Comas , Lin Yirong , Gomez Sofia G. , Mahmud Md Shahjahan
Published: December 2022

The ever-changing nature of the power industry will require the implementation of hybrid energy systems. Integration of tightly coupled components in hybrids often involves the diversion of high-temperature flow, which need expensive valve technology. An innovative smart material actuation technology is proposed to replace traditional electro-mechanical actuated valve mechanisms with lighter and less expensive actuators. A shape memory alloy (SMA) spring-actuated valve was designed for high-temperature service to demonstrate the promise of smart materials in control valve applications. With SMA springs only generating a maximum force of 3.2N, an innovative valve design was necessary. To demonstrate the concept, a 3-inch Nominal Pipe Size valve was designed and 3D printed using the Stereolithography technique. Increasing the electrical current to actuate the SMA springs reduced actuation time. The maximum current of 10 amps produced the lowest actuation time of 2.85 seconds, with an observed maximum stroke rate of more than 100%/s (considering actuation open/close as 100% stroke) at the midrange. The final assembly of the valve for high-temperature (>600°C) applications was estimated to provide a cost reduction of more than 75% and a weight reduction of 90%.
Cone Beam CT-Based Adaptive Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy Assessment Using Automated Planning for Head-and-Neck Cancer
Authors: Xu Yihang , Jin William , Butkus Michael , De Ornelas Mariluz , Cyriac Jonathan , Padgett Kyle , Samuels Stuart , Samuels Michael , Dogan Nesrin
Published: December 2022

Background
To assess the feasibility of CBCT-based adaptive intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) using automated planning for treatment of head and neck (HN) cancers.
Methods
Twenty HN cancer patients treated with IMPT and had daily CBCTs were included. Initial IMPT plans were created using automated planning software for all patients. Synthetic CTs (sCT) were created by deforming planning CT (pCT) to CBCTs. rCTs were deformed to CBCT obtained on the same day to create deformed rCT (rCTdef) as gold standard. Doses recalculated on sCT and rCTdef with the were compared using gamma analysis. The dosimetric parameters were assessed based on rCTdef, sCT with deformably propagated contours or with physician-corrected contours. Weekly sCTs were then created for all patients. For non-adaptive group, dose was directly recalculated on weekly sCTs. For adaptive group, adaptive IMPT plans were created on weekly sCT using the automated planning software. The non-adapted and adapted dose-volume parameters on weekly sCTs were evaluated. The weekly doses were accumulated back to the pCT for both groups, and dosimetric parameters were compared in between.
Results
High dosimetric agreement was found between sCT and rCTdef with high gamma passing rate of 97.4%±1.6% using 3mm/3% criteria. With contour correction on sCT by physician, the uncertainty range of using sCT to estimate mean dose for organ at risk (OARs) can be reduced to (-2.37%, 2.19%), while for V95 of primary or secondary CTVs, the uncertainty can be controlled within (-1.09%, 0.29%). For non-adapted treatments, 15.7%, 34% and 55.7% of the fractions didn’t meet the V95 > 98% constraint for primary, secondary and tertiary CTVs respectively while all adaptive fractions met the constraint. In the accumulated dose, adaptive planning significantly reduced mean dose to constrictors (-1.42Gy ± 2.79Gy) and larynx (-2.58Gy ± 3.09Gy) compared to non-adaptive group, resulting in significantly reduction on the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of larynx edema by 7.52%± 13.59%.
Conclusion
sCT can be a powerful tool for accurate proton dose calculation. Physician contour correction is recommended to reduce the uncertainty for dose evaluation. Daily adaptation resulted in better CTV coverage, OAR sparing and lower NTCP for some OARs as compared with non-adaptive IMPT.
Public Investment Financed by Seigniorage and Money Supply Control
Authors: Noda Hideo
Published: December 2022

This study examines the conditions necessary for the effective functioning of infrastructure management and monetary control policies in a seigniorage dependent economy based on an overlapping generations model. Moreover, we analyze the relationship between the ratio of private capital to public capital and changes in the general price level. The results show that when the monetary growth rate that maximizes the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate is selected, the elasticity of the ratio of private capital to public capital with respect to monetary growth depends on the private capital elasticity of GDP. If maximizing social welfare is equivalent to maximizing economic growth, the elasticity of the ratio of private capital to public capital with respect to the share of expenditure on infrastructure investment is zero. When the initial value of the ratio of private capital to public capital is at a sufficiently low (high) level, inflation (deflation) occurs during the transition path.
JEL classification: E52; H54; O40
Survival of Escherichia coli in the Arctic fjorden: A Microcosm study during Arctic summer and fall
Authors: Akhil Prakash E. , Jabir T. , Soumya Krishnankutty , Krishnan K. P. , Mohamed Hatha A. A.
Published: December 2022

The Arctic is losing its pristine nature due to the increased warming and human activities in the region. This may lead to the introduction of mesophilic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) into the environment. The warming trend in the Arctic will support those bacteria to thrive in the environment. The horizontal gene exchange mechanism in the bacteria will lead to an exchange of antibiotic-resistant genes with the environmental microbes. Migratory birds have a significant role in the dissemination of pathogenic and ARB into the Arctic. In this study, the survival of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant mesophilic bacteria, E. coli isolated from migratory birds, Barnacle goose was carried out. In-situ microcosm studies were carried out in the Arctic during the summer (2017) and fall (2018) to evaluate the survival of the bacteria in the environments. In addition, this study also tested the factors such as biological, chemical, and physical parameters that determine the survival of E.coli in the Arctic waters. In the Arctic summer, the removal of the bacteria is mainly influenced by biological factors and solar radiation during summer and prolonged survival of E.coli during the fall season.
Investigating the relationship between arterial blood gases, acid-base disorders, and outcomes in patients with covid-19
Authors: Mansouri Nasrin , Tarlan Mitra , Nikkhoo Bahram , Mansouri Kamran , Rahmani Khaled , Erfan Mohammad Bagher Khadem , Rostamifar Zahra
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The worldwide effect of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since it was proclaimed a pandemic has been unparalleled. The majority of studies have focused on biochemical and hematological laboratory markers, with relatively little information on ABG analysis. We evaluated electrolytes, renal function tests, and any potential effects of RAS upregulation on electrolytes in COVID-19 hospitalized patients to better understand the ABG results, particularly the acid-base results. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at Imam Reza Hospital, a referral hospital in Kermanshah, Iran. 77 patients with COVID-19 identified in the lab who were admitted to the Hospital between March 21 and September 23, 2021, were included in the research. Laboratory and ABG data were collected retrospectively, as well as demographic information such as age, gender, and patient outcome Results: The study population included 77 patients of which 55 (71.4%) were survivors, while 22(44.6%) died from COVID-19 complications. In addition, 57 patients (74%) had severe COVID-19 and 26 (20%) had moderate COVID-19. The mean age of the patients was 61.58 ± 17.76 (range 23–95). There were 35 (45.5%) females and 42 (54.5%) males. Patients on covid-19 have reduced PO2, and SO2 values and higher urea and creatinine levels. Acid–base disturbance was found in 87.7% of the patients, and respiratory alkalosis (22.4%) was the main alteration followed by metabolic alkalosis (20.7%), combined acidosis (12.1%), combined alkalosis (6.9%), respiratory acidosis (3.4%), metabolic acidosis (3.4%) and other compensated acid-base disturbances (12.7%). Conclusion: Patients admitted to the hospital for COVID-19 symptoms were at high risk of acid-base disorders. They were subjected to a variety of acid-base changes. The most common acid-base disorders in this group of patients were metabolic and respiratory alkalosis.
Robot skeleton design aimed at agricultural environment
Authors: Cardoso José Ricardo Ferreira , Furlani Carlos Eduardo Angeli , Turco José Eduardo Pitelli , Estevam Francisca Nivanda de Lima
Published: December 2022

This article brings the constructive aspects of a robotic structure that has mechanical characteristics inspired by vertebrate animals present in the agricultural environment or in similar landscapes. It is built in aluminum and has a design that allows its locomotion in soils with different textures. Each of the four legs is treated, in principle, uniquely and independently to allow a spherical area for the reason of having 4 degrees of freedom. Each of its rotational joints allows 180° movement. The base is hexagonal to increase its contact area, balance its volume and allow it to float. The scope of this article starts from the formation of its bio-inspired structure and materials used and passes through direct and inverse kinematics, differential movements and speeds, static and dynamic analysis of forces that allowed us to conclude that, when it comes to terrains with heterogeneous textures, it is necessary expand the concept of agricultural robots to encompass their bio-inspired adaptability in animals living in agricultural cultivation areas and the like.
Three-way group decision-making based on geometric Heronian mean operators with q-Rung orthopair uncertain linguistic information
Authors: Wang Huidong , Zhang Yao , Yao Jinli
Published: December 2022

As an effective tool for three-way decisions (3WD) problems, decision-theoretic rough sets (DTRSs) have raised increasing attention recently. In view of the advantages of q‐rung orthopair uncertain linguistic variables ( q-OULVs) in depicting uncertain information, a new DTRSs model based on q -ROULVs is proposed to solve three-way group decision-making (3WGDM) problems. Firstly, the loss function of DTRSs is defined by q‐ROULVs and a q ‐rung orthopair uncertain linguistic DTRSs model is constructed. Secondly, to aggregate different experts’ evaluation results on loss function in group decision-making (GDM) scenario, the q‐rung orthopair uncertain linguistic geometric Heronian mean ( q‐ROULGHM ) operator and the q‐rung orthopair uncertain linguistic weighted geometric Heronian mean ( q‐ROULWGHM ) operator are presented. Related properties of the proposed operators are investigated. Thirdly, to compare the expected loss of each alternative, a new score function of q‐ROULVs is defined and the corresponding decision rules for 3WGDM are deduced. Finally, a descriptive example of venture capital in high-tech projects is provided to verify the rationality and effectiveness of our method. The influence of different conditional probabilities and parameter values on decision results is comprehensively discussed.
People of Science: Strokes to the Portrait of Lidiya A. Bordonskaya
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Ekaterina A. Igumnova , Svetlana S. Serebryakova ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: December 2022

The article presents material on the activities of a scientist in the field of physical education (school, university) and pedagogical theory, professor of the Transbaikal State University, doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor Bordonskaya Lidiya Aleksandrovna (date of birth November 12, 1947). In different years, L. A. Bordonskaya was the dean of the Faculty of Physics of the Chita State Pedagogical Institute named after I. I. N. G. Chernyshevsky (1983–1987), head of the Department of Physics, Theory and Methods of Teaching Physics (1997–2004), director of the Research Institute for the Development of Education (2003–2008). Also for many years she was a member of the faculty council, secretary of the Academic Council of the University, since 2009 she worked as deputy chairman of the Editorial Board of the journal “Scientific Notes of the Transbaikal State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University named after I. I. N. G. Chernyshevsky”. From 1996 to the present, she has been in charge of the research laboratory on the problems of higher education. L. A. Bordonskaya teaches a wide range of courses; she is the supervisor of postgraduate and doctoral students, director of master’s programs. The scope of scientific interests of the scientist are rather wide: natural science education (school, university), teacher training, methods of teaching electrodynamics, the general cultural component of physical science, reflection of the relationship of science and culture in modern physical education and teacher training, integration in education, regionalization of education, independent work of students, education in higher education in China, etc. Keywords: Lidiya Aleksandrovna Bordonskaya, research laboratory on problems of higher education, Transbaikal State University, anniversary, scientific activity in the field of education, general cultural component of the science of physics