bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the local regional similarity of automatic fingerprint identification system fingerprints based on close non‐matches in a ten million people database—Taking the central region of whorl as an example
Authors: Li Shuo , Li Kang , Yang Jun , Liu Yiwen , Han Wenqiang , Luo Yaping
Published: January 2023

The local regional similarity of fingerprints has always been a hot issue in the field of fingerprint research. With the increasing size of ten‐print databases, the appearance of close non‐matches (CNMs) in automatic fingerprint identification system (AFIS) candidate lists has attracted increasing attention from forensic science departments worldwide. In this study, three categories (high‐, medium‐, and low‐level) of standards for CNMs were established and 60 whorl samples were marked with different numbers of minutiae to explore the occurrence and influencing factors of CNMs in AFIS candidate lists based on a ten million people database. The results showed that all prints could be found with their corresponding CNMs. The average occurrence rate of CNMs for every query was 52.7% in the top 100 lists, and the most similar CNM was exactly the same in the local area of 12 coincidence points. CNMs appeared more in the middle and lower parts of the central region of the whorl. Moreover, shorter C2C distances and the same finger number and hand led to more CNMs being inspected. CNMs with higher similarity required a more extensive regional area and smaller minutiae density. We concluded that CNMs have a high occurrence rate in large‐scale databases and many factors are closely related to them. Fingerprint examiners and researchers need to strengthen their understanding of CNMs to avoid the occurrence of misidentification like the Madrid bombings.
Real‐time irrigation diversion data delivery can benefit adaptive capacity in communal irrigation systems
Authors: Conrad Lily M. , Fernald Alexander G. , Taylor Marshall A. , Guldan Steven J. , Ochoa Carlos G.
Published: January 2023

There is a need to support applied, community‐relevant hydrologic research within changing climate, population, and socioeconomic conditions to better inform water policy and management. We hypothesized that providing a rural agricultural community in a semiarid valley with the necessary monitoring tool to meet local water management needs would increase adaptive capacity within the context of long‐term drought. Through a community science approach, researchers installed a telemetry monitoring system at participating acequia irrigation diversions that remotely sent water data to a web interface every 15 min. Two surveys distributed before and after web interface access targeted seven adaptive capacity indicators. After the first season of improved data accessibility, the following adaptive capacity indicators significantly increased: information diversity, cognitive social capital, leadership, and proactivity. Rather than focusing on the water savings aspect of real‐time monitoring, this paper summarizes a novel water resources study that assessed the social impact of real‐time irrigation water delivery monitoring on adaptive capacity. This study suggests that bridging the gap between community need and hydrologic research through community science, sociologic analysis, and stakeholder engagement provides significant benefits for communities facing water management challenges, further supporting problem‐driven water resources research.
Lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 is associated with nose color in Yunong black pigs
Authors: Li Cong , Han Jinyi , Duan Dongdong , Liu Chuang , Han Xuelei , Wang Kejun , Qiao Ruimin , Li Xiu‐Ling , Li Xin‐Jian
Published: January 2023

Yunong black pig is an indigenous black pig breed being cultivated that has a pure black whole body. However, some individuals appear with a white spot on the nose. We performed case–control association studies and FST approaches in 76 animals with nose color records (26 white‐nosed pigs vs. 50 black‐nosed pigs) by Illumina Porcine SNP50 BeadChip data. In total, 76 SNPs, which included 2 genome‐wide significant SNPs and 18 chromosome‐wide suggestive SNPs, were identified by association study. The top‐ranked 0.1% windows of FST results as signals under selection and 24 windows were selected. The lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 was identified as candidate gene with strong signal in analyses of genome‐wide association study and FST in black‐ and white‐nosed pigs. Overall, our findings provide evidence that nose color is a heritable trait influenced by many loci. The results contribute to expand our understanding of pigmentation in pigs and provide SNP markers for skin color and related traits selection in Yunong black pigs. Additional research on the genetic link between nose pigmentation is needed.
Evaluation of dynamic dermoscopic features of melanoma and benign naevi by sequential digital dermoscopic imaging and total body photography in a high‐risk Australian cohort
Authors: Nguyen Jennifer , Doolan Brent J , Pan Yan , Vestergaard Tine , Paul Eldho , McLean Catriona , Haskett Martin , Kelly John , Mar Victoria , Chamberlain Alexander
Published: January 2023

Background/Objectives

Sequential digital dermoscopic imaging (SDDI) and total body photography (TBP) are recommended as a two‐step surveillance method for individuals at high‐risk of developing cutaneous melanoma. Dermoscopic features specific to melanoma have been well described, however, dynamic changes on serial imaging are less understood. This study aims to identify and compare dermoscopic features in developing melanomas and benign naevi that underwent SDDI and TBP to understand which dermoscopic features may be associated with a malignant change.

Method

Histopathology reports from a private specialist dermatology clinic from January 2007 to December 2019 were reviewed. Histopathologically confirmed melanoma and benign naevi that underwent SDDI and TBP with a minimum follow‐up interval of 3 months were included.

Results

Eighty‐nine melanomas (38.2% invasive, median Breslow thickness 0.35 mm, range: 0.2–1.45 mm) and 48 benign naevi were evaluated by three experienced dermatologists for dermoscopic changes. Features most strongly associated with melanoma included the development of neovascularisation, asymmetry and growth in pigment network, additional colours, shiny white structures, regression, structureless areas and change to a multi‐component pattern. The presence of atypical vessels (p = 0.02) and shiny white structures (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with invasive melanoma.

Conclusion

Evaluation for certain evolving dermoscopic features in melanocytic lesions monitored by SDDI and TBP is efficient in assisting clinical decision making. SDDI with TBP is an effective tool for early detection of melanoma.
Effect of season, habitat type and anthropogenic pressure on the bird diversity in the vineyards agroecosystems in the region of Fes‐Meknes
Authors: Belkhiri Abdelkhalek , Sadki Mohcine , Maliki Abdelmonaim , Moubchir Tarik , Bendaoud Ahmed , Chahdi Ouazzani Khalil , Saidi Abdelhak , Chahlaoui Abdelkader
Published: January 2023

Agroecosystems are becoming more developed in Morocco, which requires conducting research about their importance to indigenous avifauna. We studied the influence of seasonality and parcel characteristics, including habitat type and anthropogenic pressures on bird diversity in vineyards. Our findings show that bird diversity varies by habitat type with heterogeneous parcels being more diverse than homogeneous parcels; in addition to that, bird diversity was higher in edge habitat, olive and uncultivated land while it was lower in vine habitat, whereas the cereal was the poorest habitat in the vineyards. Our results revealed that avian diversity changes with the seasons, being higher in winter, autumn and spring than in the summer. Evaluation of anthropogenic pressures indicates that avifauna diversity was negatively associated with the distance to the nearest building and the nearest edge, but positively associated with the distance to the nearest water source. Our research identifies potentially important variables influencing bird diversity in these agricultural ecosystems, which can help us to understand more clearly the ecological needs of birds of this habitat. As a result, we make some recommendations to help preserve bird diversity and improve their survival, including securing and protecting edge habitat, boosting habitat diversity and contributing to the overall effort to reduce climate change impacts, all of which will not be possible without the cooperation of landowners, farmers, managers and researchers.
Body‐first approach of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for minimizing vasculobiliary injury: Initial experience
Authors: Matsumura Masaru , Seyama Yasuji , Takao Mikiya , Okinaga Hiroko , Ogawa Rei , Nemoto Satoshi , Tani Keigo
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Vasculobiliary injury (VBI) is a rare but critical complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Lap‐C). Dividing first the gallbladder body and then the gallbladder neck from the gallbladder bed (the “body‐first approach”) may decrease the possibility of VBI.

Methods

The surgical outcome of 62 patients who underwent Lap‐C with a body‐first approach were evaluated. In this procedure, after serosal resection of the gallbladder, the gallbladder body is divided from the cystic plate; then the gallbladder neck and cystic duct are isolated. No connective tissue of the hepatic hilum is touched.

Results

A total of five patients had anatomical anomalies of the biliary tract that raised concerns of cholecystectomy. Furthermore, seven patients underwent subtotal cholecystectomy. No patients required conversion to open surgery, and none developed VBI or postoperative complications of Clavien–Dindo grade 3a or worse.

Conclusion

The body‐first approach may minimize the risk of VBI during Lap‐C.
Mourning through Poetry: Discovering the Lost Love Object and Symbolization of Desire
Authors: Harel Galit
Published: January 2023

Deborah was referred to me for psychoanalytic psychotherapy following a suicide attempt and depression. We began a fascinating journey spanning more than 10 years. During therapy, many questions arose concerning the suicidal episode, which she could not register consciously. I tried to understand the reasons for her depression and the attempted suicide through the unconscious process in the therapeutic relationship and through the music and poetry that she brought to sessions. In this paper I describe the process of listening for the signifiers of semiotic and symbolic language, both metaphoric and metonymic, as revealed in poetry and music according to the theories of Kristeva and Lacan. The poetry enabled the patient to retrieve childhood memories, experience the movement from unconscious to conscious, and mourn through the experience of transference and countertransference in the therapeutic relationship. Also illustrated is the transition from singing the music to more symbolic language, turning the patient's sensory experience into language, and connecting her personal experience with the culture of her past. The patient's mourning and the lost love objects are discussed through the prism of classical and object relations theories.
Tactile training facilitates infants' ability to reach to targets on the body
Authors: Somogyi Eszter , Hamilton Mollie , Chinn Lisa K. , Jacquey Lisa , Heed Tobias , Hoffmann Matej , Lockman Jeffrey J. , Fagard Jacqueline , O'Regan J. Kevin
Published: January 2023

This longitudinal study investigated the effect of experience with tactile stimulation on infants' ability to reach to targets on the body, an important adaptive skill. Infants were provided weekly tactile stimulation on eight body locations from 4 to 8 months of age (N = 11), comparing their ability to reach to the body to infants in a control group who did not receive stimulation (N = 10). Infants who received stimulation were more likely to successfully reach targets on the body than controls by 7 months of age. These findings indicate that tactile stimulation facilitates the development of reaching to the body by allowing infants to explore the sensorimotor correlations emerging from the stimulation.
Effectiveness and safety of ventriculoperitoneal shunt versus lumboperitoneal shunt for communicating hydrocephalus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Ho Yi‐Jen , Chiang Wen‐Chun , Huang Hsin‐Yi , Lin Shinn‐Zong , Tsai Sheng‐Tzung
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The current standard surgical treatment for cerebrospinal fluid diversion is a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) implantation. Lumboperitoneal shunts (LPS) are an alternative treatment for communicating hydrocephalus. Prior studies comparing these two included a limited number of participants.

Methods

We performed a meta‐analysis determined the treatment failure, complications and effectiveness of lumboperitoneal shunt for communicating hydrocephalus. We reviewed studies with clinical and imaging diagnoses of communicating hydrocephalus, all causes and subtypes of communicating hydrocephalus, and studies that analyzed the primary and secondary outcomes listed below. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non‐RCTs and retrospective studies. We performed the meta‐analysis in R, using a random‐effects model and reporting 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Data from 25 studies, including 3654 patients, were analyzed. The total complication rates were 12.98% (188/1448) for lumboperitoneal shunt and 23.80% (398/1672) for ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The odds ratio for lumboperitoneal shunt versus ventriculoperitoneal shunt complication rates was 0.29 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.45, p < 0.0001), and the I2 was 72%. The shunt obstruction/malfunction rate was 3.99% (48/1204) for lumboperitoneal shunt and 8.31% (115/1384) for ventriculoperitoneal shunt (Odds ratio 0.54, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.79, p = 0.002, I2 = 0%). Based on the Modified Rankin Scale score, there were no differences in effectiveness between lumboperitoneal shunt and ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Nevertheless, lumboperitoneal shunt improved radiological outcomes.

Conclusions

This analysis demonstrated that lumboperitoneal shunt is a safe and equally effective choice for treating communicating hydrocephalus. More studies are needed to confirm the safety of lumboperitoneal shunt.
Association of serum uric acid to lymphocyte ratio, a novel inflammatory biomarker, with risk of stroke: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Tian Xue , Wang Penglian , Chen Shuohua , Zhang Yijun , Zhang Xiaoli , Xu Qin , Luo Yanxia , Wu Shouling , Wang Anxin
Published: January 2023

Main Problem

Inflammation plays an important role in the pathological progress associated with stroke. Serum uric acid (SUA) to lymphocyte ratio (ULR), a novel inflammatory biomarker, has been considered as a better risk stratification tool of adverse outcomes than SUA or lymphocyte alone. This study aimed to investigate whether ULR produced more predictive value for stroke and explore the potential mediators of the associations.

Methods

This study enrolled 93,023 Chinese participants without stroke and myocardial infarction at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the associations of ULR with stroke and subtypes. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore potential mediators of the associations.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 13.00 years, 6081 cases of incident stroke occurred, including 5048 cases of ischemic stroke (IS) and 900 cases of hemorrhagic stroke (HS). After adjustment for confounders, the Q4 group was associated with a higher risk of HS (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03–1.50), but not with total stroke (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03–1.13) or IS (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.97–1.12). No significant associations were found between SUA or lymphocyte and any stroke. ULR outperformed SUA or lymphocytes alone in predicting stroke. Additionally, the significant association between ULR and HS was partially mediated by systolic blood pressure (20.32%), diastolic blood pressure (11.18%) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (9.19%).

Conclusions

ULR was significantly associated with the risk of HS, but not with IS. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and estimated glomerular filtration rate were potential mediators for the association.
Colour stability during production of printed ocular prostheses
Authors: Bunker Ethan , Kazlauciunas Algy , Zoltie Timothy , Walshaw Emma , Bartlett Paul , Archer Tom , Gout Taras
Published: January 2023

Ocular prostheses have been used for centuries to restore patient confidence, psychosocial relationships and to improve quality of life. Methodology for producing accurate prostheses has improved with technological discoveries. Recently, hand painting ocular prostheses has been the go‐to method for creating life like prostheses. However, digital printing a print to envelope around an acrylic prosthesis has been shown to decrease treatment and rehabilitation times, whilst still producing high‐definition ocular prostheses. Despite these improvements, little is known about the colour stability of digitally printed ocular prostheses. To better understand the colour stability of digital prostheses 30 samples simulating ocular prostheses were created, containing 10 with blue iris, 10 combination/green iris and 10 with sepia (brown) irises. Colour measurements were taken using a data spectrophotometer, from two defined points, the iris and sclera for both pre‐polymerisation and post‐polymerisation to assess colour variance. Colour coordinate data was gathered and was analysed using a one‐way analysis of variance test and a paired t‐test, both with alpha = 0.05. Significant colour variations were found for each iris colour and for the sclera. The sclera showed the largest colour variation with a ΔE of 4.75, followed by the brown irises, the green irises and then blue irises with ΔE values of 3.29, 2.47 and 1.82, respectively. This is a significant decrease compared to current hand painting methods which have an average colour variance of ΔE = 20. This shows a large increase in colour stability which can drastically improve patient satisfaction and quality of life.
Pedagogies of Dissent: Bridging The Religion–LGBTQ Divide
Authors: Henry Seán
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this paper is to set out the contours for a pedagogy of dissent, i.e., a pedagogical approach to religion that recognizes the role of dissent in bridging the conventional antagonism between religious and LGBTQ concerns for education. Seán Henry begins it with the view that a pedagogy conducive to this kind of work can be engaged with if the relation between education and religion is framed in radically conservative terms. From here, Henry inquires into the pedagogical commitments necessary for dissent as a mode of bridge‐building to occur. These commitments are (1) an orientation toward remembrance, understood less in terms of a commonality of religious identity and more in terms of a “structural condition of the present”; and (2) an embodied attention to the proximity of the other. The paper concludes with some thoughts on the nature of the pedagogical content that could be helpful in enacting these commitments. Henry suggests that pedagogies of dissent require theological content that (1) reworks past traditions, without justifying or downplaying their shortcomings; and (2) is explicit in its rejection of heteronormativity through a sensitivity to the lived experiences of LGBTQ people.
The future of standardised assessment: Validity and trust in algorithms for assessment and scoring
Authors: Aloisi Cesare
Published: January 2023

This article considers the challenges of using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to assist high‐stakes standardised assessment. It focuses on the detrimental effect that even state‐of‐the‐art AI and ML systems could have on the validity of national exams of secondary education, and how lower validity would negatively affect trust in the system. To reach this conclusion, three unresolved issues in AI (unreliability, low explainability and bias) are addressed, to show how each of them would compromise the interpretations and uses of exam results (i.e., exam validity). Furthermore, the article relates validity to trust, and specifically to the ABI+ model of trust. Evidence gathered as part of exam validation supports each of the four trust‐enabling components of the ABI+ model (ability, benevolence, integrity and predictability). It is argued, therefore, that the three AI barriers to exam validity limit the extent to which an AI‐assisted exam system could be trusted. The article suggests that addressing the issues of AI unreliability, low explainability and bias should be sufficient to put AI‐assisted exams on par with traditional ones, but might not go as far as fully reassure the public. To achieve this, it is argued that changes to the quality assurance mechanisms of the exam system will be required. This may involve, for example, integrating principled AI frameworks in assessment policy and regulation.
Comparing fatigue life prediction capability of critical plane models using multiaxial test database on 17 materials
Authors: Arora Punit , Gupta Suneel K. , Samal Mahendra K. , Chattopadhyay Jayanta
Published: January 2023

The present study validates recent as well as extensively used critical plane (CP)‐based fatigue life assessment models for 10 ferrous and 7 non‐ferrous materials. Fourteen CP models, including recently reported in‐house developed model, have been analyzed. These models use resolved stresses, strains, strain energy density, and combinations of stresses and strains to identify critical plane and quantify fatigue damage. The loading conditions cover various proportional and non‐proportional axial‐torsion strain paths with different phase shift angles with (or without) mean stress/strain component(s), loading waveforms, and asynchronous axial‐torsion stain paths. The comparative study brought out the goodness of various models by quantifying the extent of scatter and computational time.

Some of the strain energy density‐based models (including in‐house model) have been shortlisted, which produced accurate fatigue life assessments. Among the shortlisted models, in‐house model is free from the calculation subjectivities of resultant shear and performs faster fatigue damage calculations.
Salinisation effects on freshwater macrophyte growth and establishment in coastal eutrophic agricultural ditches
Authors: Velthuis Mandy , Teurlincx Sven , van Dijk Gijs , Smolders Alfons J. P. , de Senerpont Domis Lisette N.
Published: January 2023

The presence of submerged macrophytes is a desired environmental target for coastal freshwater ecosystems. Maintaining a rich community of these species can be challenging as salinisation by sea‐level rise poses an increasing threat to ecosystem integrity.

We tested the effect of salinisation on the growth and germination of freshwater macrophytes experimentally using field sediment. In a 56‐day experiment, a macrophyte community was exposed to salinity treatments representing seasonal water management scenarios (a decreasing salinity from 1,500 to 300 mg NaCl/L, a stable salinity of 300 mg NaCl/L, an increasing salinity from 300 to 1,500 mg NaCl/L and a stable salinity of 1,500 mg NaCl/L), crossed with treatments simulating periodic turbidity pulses.

All species except Elodea nuttallii grew poorly on the saline and eutrophic sediment, reflecting the challenges of growth in eutrophic coastal systems. Surprisingly, the highest community biomass was achieved in the salinity scenario of 1,500 mg NaCl/L.

In a second experiment, field‐collected sediments were incubated at 300 and 1,500 mg NaCl/L salinity (representing summer and winter scenarios), and the germination capacity of the existing seedbank was quantified.

Most germinated seedlings did not reach maturity irrespective of salinity treatment. This indicated that sediment salinity, rather than water column salinity, determined seedling establishment success. Interestingly, the established species were characteristic of freshwater habitats, thus indicating maladaptation of the seedbank.

Our results show that a mismatch between the high salinity level of eutrophic sediment and the overlaying freshwater may hamper macrophyte growth. Furthermore, target species in coastal eutrophic freshwaters should be evaluated carefully. Elodea nuttalli, which has a wide tolerance range for nutrients and salinity, outperformed other macrophyte species in our study. Thus, species with similar traits may be most successful in establishing macrophyte stands in coastal eutropic wetlands.
Organic preservation of vase‐shaped microfossils from the late Tonian Chuar Group, Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA
Authors: Tingle Kelly E. , Porter Susannah M. , Raven Morgan R. , Czaja Andrew D. , Webb Samuel M. , Bloeser Bonnie
Published: January 2023

Vase‐shaped microfossils (VSMs) are found globally in middle Neoproterozoic (800–730 Ma) marine strata and represent the earliest evidence for testate (shell‐forming) amoebozoans. VSM tests are hypothesized to have been originally organic in life but are most commonly preserved as secondary mineralized casts and molds. A few reports, however, suggest possible organic preservation. Here, we test the hypothesis that VSMs from shales of the lower Walcott Member of the Chuar Group, Grand Canyon, Arizona, contain original organic material, as reported by B. Bloeser in her pioneering studies of Chuar VSMs. We identified VSMs from two thin section samples of Walcott Member black shales in transmitted light microscopy and used scanning electron microscopy to image VSMs. Carbonaceous material is found within the internal cavity of all VSM tests from both samples and is interpreted as bitumen mobilized from Walcott shales likely during the Cretaceous. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) and wavelength dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (WDS) reveal that VSM test walls contain mostly carbon, iron, and sulfur, while silica is present only in the surrounding matrix. Raman spectroscopy was used to compare the thermal maturity of carbonaceous material within the samples and indicated the presence of pyrite and jarosite within fossil material. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy revealed the presence of reduced organic sulfur species within the carbonaceous test walls, the carbonaceous material found within test cavities, and in the sedimentary matrix, suggesting that organic matter sulfurization occurred within the Walcott shales. Our suite of spectroscopic analyses reveals that Walcott VSM test walls are organic and sometimes secondarily pyritized (with the pyrite variably oxidized to jarosite). Both preservation modes can occur at a millimeter spatial scale within sample material, and at times even within a single specimen. We propose that sulfurization within the Walcott Shales promoted organic preservation, and furthermore, the ratio of iron to labile VSM organic material controlled the extent of pyrite replacement. Based on our evidence, we conclude that the VSMs are preserved with original organic test material, and speculate that organic VSMs may often go unrecognized, given their light‐colored, translucent appearance in transmitted light.
Global production networks and medicinal plants: Upstream actor dynamics in Nepal
Authors: Fold Niels , Pyakurel Dipesh , Pouliot Mariève , Smith‐Hall Carsten
Published: January 2023

Knowledge of spatial and temporal actor dynamics in global production networks (GPNs) based on renewable natural resources remains rudimentary. This article contributes to reducing this knowledge gap by showing how upstream actors shape the territorial embeddedness and value dynamics (creation, enhancement, and capture of value) of GPNs. Empirically, we present a fine‐grained analysis of the upstream section of the global production network for commercial medicinal plants harvested in and traded from Nepal. In particular, the paper investigates the within‐group and between‐group dynamics of key actors (traders and wholesalers). Empirical data was generated through 257 quantitative and 121 qualitative interviews with harvesters, sub‐local traders, local traders, central wholesalers and regional wholesalers, supplemented with focus‐group discussions. Analysis focuses on three key areas of interaction: infrastructural and ecological variations; territorial embeddedness and development; and institutional power and network reconfiguration. The findings help to understand the role of upstream actors in reconfiguring GPNs and enhancing the explanatory power of the GPN approach by adding organizational supply‐side insights, thereby facilitating identification of pro‐poor interventions.
The prevalence and clinical features of fibromyalgia in Chinese hospital patients with primary headache: The survey of fibromyalgia comorbid with headache
Authors: Dong Zhao , Liu Kaiming , Liu Huanxian , Jia Zhihua , Gui Wei , Dong Ming , Cheng Yingying , Lv Yudan , Qu Kang , Zhao Hongru , Chen Jianjun , Zhang Dan , Fan Zhiliang , Yang Xiaosu , Hu Dongmei , Zhang Yanbo , Xie Hongyan , Li Mingxin , Wen Bing , Chen Sufen , Xu Peng , Rong Qingqing , He Qiu , Ren Zhanxiu , Yan Fanhong , Zhao Heling , Chen Min , Yu Tingmin , Qu Hongli , An Xingkai , Guo Huailian , Zhang Xinhua , Pan Xiaoping , Wang Xiaojuan , Qiu Shi , Zhang Lvming , Zhao Hongling , Pan Xin , Wan Qi , Yan Lanyun , Liu Jing , Yu Zhe , Zhang Mingjie , Ran Ye , Han Xun , Yu Shengyuan
Published: January 2023

Objective

The aims were to explore the prevalence and clinical features of fibromyalgia in Chinese hospital patients with primary headache.

Background

Studies done in non‐Chinese populations suggest that around one‐third of patients with primary headache have fibromyalgia, but data from mainland China are limited. Investigations into the prevalence and clinical features of fibromyalgia in Chinese patients with primary headache would improve our understanding of these two complex disease areas and help guide future clinical practice.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included adults with primary headache treated at 23 Chinese hospitals from September 2020 to May 2021. Fibromyalgia was diagnosed using the modified 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria. Mood and insomnia were evaluated employing the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Insomnia Severity Index.

Results

A total of 2782 participants were analyzed. The fibromyalgia prevalence was 6.0% (166/2782; 95% confidence interval: 5.1%, 6.8%). Compared to primary headache patients without combined fibromyalgia, patients with primary headache combined with fibromyalgia were more likely to be older (47.8 vs. 41.7 years), women (83.7% [139/166] vs. 72.8% [1904/2616]), less educated (65.1% [108/166] vs. 45.2% [1183/2616]), and with longer‐duration headache (10.0 vs. 8.0 years). Such patients were more likely to exhibit comorbid depression (34.3% [57/166] vs. 9.9% [260/2616]), anxiety (16.3% [27/166] vs. 2.7% [70/2612]), and insomnia (58.4% [97/166] vs. 17.1% [447/2616]). Fibromyalgia was more prevalent in those with chronic (rather than episodic) migraine (11.1% [46/414] vs. 4.4% [72/1653], p < 0.001) and chronic (rather than episodic) tension‐type headache (11.5% [27/235] vs. 4.6% [19/409], p = 0.001). Most fibromyalgia pain was in the shoulders, neck, and upper back.

Conclusions

The prevalence of fibromyalgia in mainland Chinese patients with primary headache was 6.0%. Fibromyalgia was more common in those with chronic rather than episodic headache. The most common sites of fibromyalgia pain were the neck, shoulders, and back.
RETRACTED: Effects of aromatherapy with Rosa damascene and lavender on pain and anxiety of burn patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Farzan Ramyar , Firooz Mahbobeh , Ghorbani Vajargah Pooyan , Mollaei Amirabbas , Takasi Poorya , Tolouei Mohammad , Emami Zeydi Amir , Hosseini Seyed Javad , Karkhah Samad
Published: January 2023

Pain and anxiety were considered the most common complications of treatment procedures in burn patients. Non‐pharmacological drugs, including aromatherapy, can decrease these issues. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to summarise the effects of aromatherapy with Rosa damascene (RD) and lavender on the pain and anxiety of burn patients. A systematic search was performed on international electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, as well as on Iranian electronic databases such as Iranmedex and Scientific Information Database (SID) with keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as “Burns”, “Pain”, “Pain management”, “Anxiety”, and “Aromatherapy” were performed from the earliest to November 1, 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist assessed the quality of randomised control trials (RCTs) and quasi‐experimental studies. STATA v.14 software was used to estimate pooled effect size. Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 value. Random effect model and inverse‐variance method using sample size, mean, and standard deviation changes were applied to determine standard mean differences (SMD). The confidence interval of 95% was considered to determine the confidence level. A total of 586 burn patients participated in six studies, including three RCT studies and three quasi‐experimental studies. The results based on RCT studies showed RD significantly decreased the dressing pain average when compared to the control group (SMD: −1.61, 95%CI: −2.32 to −0.99, Z = 5.09, I2: 66.2%, P < 0.001). Aromatherapy with lavender decreased the average pain in the interventional group more than in the control group (SMD: −1.78, 95%CI: −3.62 to 0.07, Z = 1.89, I2: 97.2%, P = 0.06). Using aromatherapy with RD and lavender significantly decreased pain average in the interventional group than the control group (SMD: −1.68, 95%CI: −2.64 to −0.72, Z = 3.42, I2: 94.2%, P = 0.001). The results showed RD significantly decreased the anxiety average in the interventional group than the control group (SMD: −2.49, 95%CI: −2.98 to −2.0, Z = 9.94, I2: 51.6%, P < 0.001). Overall, this study showed that aromatherapy with RD decreased pain and anxiety of dressing procedures in burn patients. Although aromatherapy with lavender decreased pain in the patients, it was not statistically significant. More RCTs studies are required to be able to better judge the effects of aromatherapy with RD and lavender on the pain and anxiety of burn patients.
The therapeutic mavericks: Potent immunomodulating chaperones capable of treating human diseases
Authors: Eggleton Paul , De Alba Jorge , Weinreich Michael , Calias Perry , Foulkes Roly , Corrigall Valerie M.
Published: January 2023

Two major chaperones, calreticulin (CRT) and binding immunoglobulin protein (GRP78/BiP) dependent on their location, have immunoregulatory or anti‐inflammatory functions respectively. CRT induces pro‐inflammatory cytokines, dendritic cell (DC) maturation and activates cytotoxic T cells against tumours. By contrast, GRP78/BiP induces anti‐inflammatory cytokines, inhibits DC maturation and heightens T‐regulatory cell responses. These latter functions rebalance immune homeostasis in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Both chaperones are therapeutically relevant agents acting primarily on monocytes/DCs. Endogenous exposure of CRT on cancer cell surfaces acts as an ‘eat‐me’ signal and facilitates improved elimination of stressed and dying tumour cells by DCs. Therefore, therapeutics that promote endogenous CRT translocation to the cell surface can improve the removal of cancer cells. However, infused recombinant CRT dampens this cancer cell eradication by binding directly to the DCs. Low levels of endogenous BiP appear as a surface biomarker of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in some types of tumour cells, a reflection of cells undergoing proliferation, in which resulting hypoxia and nutrient deprivation perturb ER homeostasis triggering the unfolded protein response, leading to increased expression of GRP78/BiP and altered cellular location. Conversely, infusion of an analogue of GRP78/BiP (IRL201805) can lead to long‐term immune resetting and restoration of immune homeostasis. The therapeutic potential of both chaperones relies on them being relocated from their intracellular ER environment. Ongoing clinical trials are employing therapeutic interventions to either enhance endogenous cell surface CRT or infuse IRL201805, thereby triggering several disease‐relevant immune responses leading to a beneficial clinical outcome.
Antagonizing EZH2 combined with vitamin D3 exerts a synergistic role in anti‐fibrosis through bidirectional effects on hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Zhang Qinghui , Jia Rongrong , Chen Minjie , Wang Jianjun , Huang Feng , Shi Min , Sheng Huiming , Xu Ling
Published: January 2023

Background and Aim

Whether vitamin D3 (VD3) supplementation is associated with improved liver fibrosis is controversial.

Methods

Liver fibrosis models were treated with VD3, active VD (1,25‐OH2 Vitamin D3), or collaboration with GSK126 (Ezh2 inhibitor), respectively. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were co‐cultured with hepatocytes and then stimulated with TGF‐β. Autophagy of hepatocytes was determined after the intervention of 1,25‐OH2 Vitamin D3 and GSK126. Also, the active status of HSCs and the mechanism with 1,25‐OH2 Vitamin D3 and GSK126 intervention were detected.

Results

1,25‐OH2 Vitamin D3, but not VD3, is involved in anti‐fibrosis and partially improves liver function, which might be associated with related enzymes and receptors (especially CYP2R1), leading to decreased of its biotransformation. GSK126 plays a synergistic role in anti‐fibrosis. The co‐culture system showed increased hepatocyte autophagy after HSCs activation. Supplementation with 1,25‐OH2 Vitamin D3 or combined GSK126 reduced these effects. Further studies showed that 1,25‐OH2 Vitamin D3 promoted H3K27 methylation of DKK1 promoter through VDR/Ezh2 due to the weakening for HSCs inhibitory signal.

Conclusions

VD3 bioactive form 1,25‐OH2 Vitamin D3 is responsible for the anti‐fibrosis, which might have bidirectional effects on HSCs by regulating histone modification. The inhibitor of Ezh2 plays a synergistic role in this process.
Identifying key mechanisms leading to visual recognition errors for missed colorectal polyps using eye‐tracking technology
Authors: Ahmad Omer F , Mazomenos Evangelos , Chadebecq Francois , Kader Rawen , Hussein Mohamed , Haidry Rehan J , Puyal Juana González‐Bueno , Brandao Patrick , Toth Daniel , Mountney Peter , Seward Ed , Vega Roser , Stoyanov Danail , Lovat Laurence B
Published: January 2023

Background and Aim

Lack of visual recognition of colorectal polyps may lead to interval cancers. The mechanisms contributing to perceptual variation, particularly for subtle and advanced colorectal neoplasia, have scarcely been investigated. We aimed to evaluate visual recognition errors and provide novel mechanistic insights.

Methods

Eleven participants (seven trainees and four medical students) evaluated images from the UCL polyp perception dataset, containing 25 polyps, using eye‐tracking equipment. Gaze errors were defined as those where the lesion was not observed according to eye‐tracking technology. Cognitive errors occurred when lesions were observed but not recognized as polyps by participants. A video study was also performed including 39 subtle polyps, where polyp recognition performance was compared with a convolutional neural network.

Results

Cognitive errors occurred more frequently than gaze errors overall (65.6%), with a significantly higher proportion in trainees (P = 0.0264). In the video validation, the convolutional neural network detected significantly more polyps than trainees and medical students, with per‐polyp sensitivities of 79.5%, 30.0%, and 15.4%, respectively.

Conclusions

Cognitive errors were the most common reason for visual recognition errors. The impact of interventions such as artificial intelligence, particularly on different types of perceptual errors, needs further investigation including potential effects on learning curves. To facilitate future research, a publicly accessible visual perception colonoscopy polyp database was created.
Health in Down syndrome: creating a conceptual model
Authors: Santoro S. L. , Cabrera M. J. , Co J. P. T. , Constantine M. , Haugen K. , Krell K. , Skotko B. G. , Winickoff J. P. , Donelan K.
Published: January 2023

Background

Down syndrome (DS) has a unique medical and psychological profile that could impact how health is defined on three dimensions: physical, social and mental well‐being.

Methods

In 2021, we presented our proposed conceptual model to three expert panels, four focus groups of parents of individuals with DS age 0–21 years and four focus groups of individuals with DS age 13–21 years through videoconferencing technology. Participants gave feedback and discussed the concept of health in DS.

Results

Feedback from participants resulted in iterative refinement of our model, retaining the three dimensions of health, and modifying constructs within those dimensions. Experts and parents agreed that individuals with DS have unique health concerns that necessitate the creation and validation of a syndrome‐specific health model. We present key themes that we identified and a final conceptual model of health for individuals with DS.

Conclusion

Health in DS is a multi‐dimensional, multi‐construct model focused on relevant constructs of causal and effect indicators. This conceptual model can be used in future research to develop a syndrome‐specific measure of health status.
Latino dentists in the U.S. Census from 1980 to 2019: Implications for dental care access
Authors: Hsu Paul , Hayes‐Bautista David E.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

This study describes the supply of Latino dentists in the United States from 1980 to 2019, as tabulated by the Census. The number of Latino dentists per 100,000 Latino population was compared to the number of non‐Hispanic White (NHW) dentists per 100,000 NHW population. These four‐decade comparisons were made for the entire country as well as the five states having the largest Latino populations.

Methods

Data from the decennial census and the American Community Survey were used to identify the nationwide population, the number of dentists, and their respective Spanish‐language abilities, stratified by race/ethnic group (Latinos and non‐Hispanic Whites).

Results

In 1980, there were only 18 Latino dentists for every 100,000 Latino population in the entire nation, compared to 70 NHW dentists per 100,000 NHW population. While there was an increase to 21 Latino dentists per 100,000 in 1990, the supply remained virtually the same over this almost 40‐year period, ending back at 18 per 100,000 in 2019. In comparison, there were about four times as many non‐Hispanic White dentists as Latino dentists. This national discrepancy was also reflected in the five states that were evaluated. Similarly, Latino dentists were far more likely to speak Spanish than NHW dentists at both the national and state levels.

Conclusions

The Latino dentist supply, already inadequate in 1980, has remained virtually unchanged over the past almost 40 years. The authors believe that this deficiency will have profound consequences, and recommend that initiatives be undertaken to increase the number of Latino dentists.
Victorian women travellers and amateur art collecting in Japan, 1863–1893
Authors: Gray Margaret K.
Published: January 2023

The majority of interdisciplinary studies on nineteenth‐century Japonisme perpetuate an assumption that most connoisseurs of Japanese art in Victorian Britain were men. Despite recent feminist studies which have restored women to histories of private collecting and curatorship across Europe, there is a lack of consideration of how travelogues by women contributed to public discussions of Japanese art and anthropology in Victorian Britain—including accounts which complement or predate publications by celebrated connoisseurs such as A.W. Franks, James Lord Bowes, and Charles Holme. This article will examine brief passages from travelogues by Anna d’Almeida (1863), Alice Frere (1870), Isabella Bird (1880), and Mary Bickersteth (1893) which chronicle the authors' experiences purchasing ceramics and lacquerware in Japan. The women's careful attention to the history and features which distinguish valuable, antique art pieces from lesser factory productions contradicts the Victorian characterisation of female collectors as indiscriminate participants in commercial or ‘decorative’ trends. Furthermore, the women redress false Victorian conceptions of ‘Japanese’ aesthetics and report on the changing conditions of art production in post‐feudal Japan. In context with the popularity of the travel genre across classes and genders in the mid‐ and late‐nineteenth century, d’Almeida, Frere, Bird, and Bickersteth's accounts simultaneously signal their competence as discerning collectors of authentic Japanese art while providing an accessible introduction to Japanese art and aesthetics for aspiring lay‐collectors of ‘things Japanese’.
Epidermal phyB requires RRC1 to promote light responses by activating the circadian rhythm
Authors: Kim Hanim , Kim Jaewook , Choi Giltsu
Published: January 2023

Phytochrome B (phyB) expressed in the epidermis is sufficient to promote red light responses, including the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and hypocotyl negative gravitropism. Nonetheless, the downstream mechanism of epidermal phyB in promoting light responses had been elusive.

Here, we mutagenized the epidermis‐specific phyB‐expressing line (MLB) using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and characterized a novel mutant allele of RRC1 (rrc1‐689), which causes reduced epidermal phyB‐mediated red light responses.

The rrc1‐689 mutation increases the alternative splicing of major clock gene transcripts, including PRR7 and TOC1, disrupting the rhythmic expression of the entire clock and clock‐controlled genes. Combined with the result that MLB/prr7 exhibits the same red‐hyposensitive phenotypes as MLB/rrc1‐689, our data support that the circadian clock is required for the ability of epidermal phyB to promote light responses. We also found that, unlike phyB, RRC1 preferentially acts in the endodermis to maintain the circadian rhythm by suppressing the alternative splicing of core clock genes.

Together, our results suggest that epidermal phyB requires RRC1 to promote light responses by activating the circadian rhythm in Arabidopsis thaliana.