bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photoredox chemistry in the synthesis of 2-aminoazoles implicated in prebiotic nucleic acid synthesis
Authors: Liu Ziwei , Wu Long-Fei , Bond Andrew D. , Sutherland John D.
Published: October 2020

A direct link from cyanamide to cyanosulfidic chemistry via thiourea was demonstrated. 2-Aminoazoles were generated by photoredox cycling under prebiotically plausible conditions.
Modifications of heterogeneous photocatalysts for hydrocarbon C–H bond activation and selective conversion
Authors: Cao Xing , Han Tong , Peng Qing , Chen Chen , Li Yadong
Published: October 2020

This feature article summarizes the recent progress in the modification of heterogeneous photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrocarbons’ C–H bond activation.
Correction: Enantioselective and regioselective aza-Friedel–Crafts reaction of electron-rich phenols with isatin-derived ketimines
Authors: Cai Liu , Liu Xiangshuai , Wang Jie , Chen Li , Li Xin , Cheng Jin-Pei
Published: October 2020

Correction for ‘Enantioselective and regioselective aza-Friedel–Crafts reaction of electron-rich phenols with isatin-derived ketimines’ by Liu Cai et al., Chem. Commun., 2020, 56, 10361–10364, DOI: 10.1039/D0CC04966B.
Strained calcite crystals from amorphous calcium carbonate containing an organic molecule
Authors: Sugiyama So , Takasaki Mihiro , Oaki Yuya , Imai Hiroaki
Published: October 2020

Strained calcite was produced from amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) containing aspartic acid and characterized by Raman spectroscopy and nanoindentation.
Bromine anion-induced synthesis of copper nanoplates and their recyclable catalytic activity towards 4-nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Li Yao , Fan Zhengyang , Yang Hongwei , Yuan Ximin , Chao Yunxiu , Li Yuxiu , Wang Chuan
Published: October 2020

Selective strong adsorption of bromine ions on the {111} crystal plane of copper blocked the growth along the {111} crystal plane and thereby promoted the formation of copper nanoplates instead of copper nanowires.
The non-adiabatic exciton transfer in tetrathiafulvalene chains: a theoretical study of signal transmission in a molecular logic system
Authors: Martynov A. I. , Belov A. S. , Nevolin V. K.
Published: October 2020

Using an exciton as a carrier was examined as a possible solution to the problem of signal transmission between molecular logic gates.
Gate-tunable high magnetoresistance in monolayer Fe3GeTe2 spin valves
Authors: Yang Jie , Quhe Ruge , Liu Shiqi , Peng Yuxuan , Sun Xiaotian , Zha Liang , Wu Baochun , Shi Bowen , Yang Chen , Shi Junjie , Tian Guang , Wang Changsheng , Lu Jing , Yang Jinbo
Published: October 2020

Here we design a monolayer Fe3GeTe2 spin-valve device by attaching two ends to ferromagnetic electrodes. A high magnetoresistance of ~ 390% is obtained and significantly increased to 450 ~ 510% after the gates are introduced.
Fabrication and characterization of lentil protein gels from fibrillar aggregates and the gelling mechanism study
Authors: Jo Yeon-Ji , Huang Weijuan , Chen Lingyun
Published: October 2020

Lentil protein fibrillar aggregates were used to form gels of fine and highly interconnected networks with good mechanical properties at pH 2.
Effects of tea products on in vitro starch digestibility and eating quality of cooked rice using domestic cooking method
Authors: Fu Tiantian , Niu Liya , Li Yun , Li Dongming , Xiao Jianhui
Published: October 2020

Cooked rice (CR) is a staple diet for many people, but exhibits the high glycemic index that makes it difficult to control the blood glucose.
Standoff femtosecond filament-induced breakdown spectroscopy for classification of geological materials
Authors: Abdul Kalam S. , Balaji Manasa Rao S. V. , Jayananda M. , Venugopal Rao S.
Published: October 2020

Femtosecond (fs) filaments delivering substantial peak intensities at remote locations are exploited in classification of geological materials together within situ/standoff investigations.
Large-gain low-voltage and wideband organic photodetectorsviaunbalanced charge transport
Authors: Huang Jianfei , Lee Jaewon , Schrock Max , Dixon Alana L. , Lill Alexander T. , Cho Kilwon , Bazan Guillermo C. , Nguyen Thuc-Quyen
Published: October 2020

Tetracyanoquinodimethane leads to trap-enhanced photoconductive gain and highly efficient broadband sensing for bulk heterojunction organic photodetectors.
Non-isolated sources of electromagnetic radiation by multipole decomposition for photonic quantum technologies on a chip with nanoscale apertures
Authors: Artemyev Yuriy A. , Savinov Vassili , Katiyi Aviad , Shalin Alexander S. , Karabchevsky Alina
Published: October 2020

The creation of single-photon sources on a chip with nanoscale apertures is a mid-term milestone on the road to chip-scale quantum computing.
Monolith catalyst design via 3D printing: a reusable support for modern palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Alimi Oyekunle Azeez , Akinnawo Christianah Aarinola , Meijboom Reinout
Published: October 2020

The use of an additive manufacturing procedure for the modification of catalytic structures is currently gaining popularity in the field of catalysis.
Increasing heat transfer performance of thermoplastic polyurethane by constructing thermal conduction channels of ultra-thin boron nitride nanosheets and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ruan Yue , Li Nian , Liu Cui , Chen Liqing , Zhang Shudong , Wang Zhenyang
Published: October 2020

The TPU-based thermally conductive composite reaches a thermal conductivity of 1.35 W m−1 K−1 and increases the tensile strength by at least 300%.
A stable, highly oxidizing radical cation
Authors: Attanayake N. Harsha , Kaur Aman Preet , Suduwella T. Malsha , Elliott Corrine F. , Parkin Sean R. , Odom Susan A.
Published: October 2020

Changes in adiabatic ionization potential and half wave oxidation potential withorthoandparasubstitution on anN-alkylated phenothiazine.
Thrombo-tag, an in vivo formed nanotracer for the detection of thrombi in mice by fast pre-targeted molecular imaging
Authors: Adrover José M. , Pellico Juan , Fernández-Barahona Irene , Martín-Salamanca Sandra , Ruiz-Cabello Jesús , Hidalgo Andrés , Herranz Fernando
Published: October 2020

68Ga-core doped iron oxide nanoparticles permit the rapid detection of thrombi in the brain by fast pretargeting imaging.
Development of small molecule inhibitor-based fluorescent probes for highly specific super-resolution imaging
Authors: Wu Qiang , Jing Yingying , Zhao Tan , Gao Jing , Cai Mingjun , Xu Haijiao , Liu Yi , Liang Feng , Chen Junling , Wang Hongda
Published: October 2020

Exploiting small-molecule inhibitor-based fluorescent probes benefits obtaining a more accurate distribution of targets by super-resolution fluorescence imaging.
Self-assembled nanodisks in coaxial GaAs/GaAsBi/GaAs core–multishell nanowires
Authors: Zhang Bin , Jansson Mattias , Shimizu Yumiko , Chen Weimin M. , Ishikawa Fumitaro , Buyanova Irina A.
Published: October 2020

The formation of self-assembled nanodisks open up new avenue for designing novel quantum structures by utilizing a dilute bismide.
Intrinsic fluorescence properties of antimalarial pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles facilitate subcellular accumulation and mechanistic studies in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Korkor Constance M. , Garnie Larnelle F. , Amod Leah , Egan Timothy J. , Chibale Kelly
Published: October 2020

Intrinsic fluorescence properties, docking and a hemozoin inhibition assay were employed to study the mechanism of action of two structurally related pyrido-[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives.
Cubic POSS engineering of photosensitizer-doped semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for enhanced fluorescence imaging and amplified photodynamic therapy
Authors: Bao Biqing , Zhai Xue , Liu Tianqi , Su Peng , Zhou Luyao , Xu Yu , Gu Bingbing , Wang Lianhui
Published: October 2020

PorPOSSC12 -doped semiconducting polymer nanoparticles with simultaneously enhanced fluorescence brightness and amplified singlet oxygen generation ability were designed for imaging-guided photodynamic therapy.
Direct sulfonamidation of (hetero)aromatic C–H bonds with sulfonyl azides: a novel and efficient route toN-(hetero)aryl sulfonamides
Authors: Liu Zhi , Ebadi Abdolghaffar , Toughani Mohsen , Mert Nihat , Vessally Esmail
Published: October 2020

N-Aryl sulfonamides belong to a highly important class of organosulfur compounds which are found in a number of FDA-approved drugs such as dofetilide, dronedarone, ibutilide, sotalol, sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole, vemurafenib, and many more.
Novel biocompatible core/shell Fe3O4@NFC@Co(ii) as a new catalyst in a multicomponent reaction: an efficient and sustainable methodology and novel reusable material for one-pot synthesis of 4H-pyran and pyranopyrazole in aqueous media
Authors: Kargar Pouya Ghamari , Bagherzade Ghodsieh , Eshghi Hossein
Published: October 2020

Today, due to the developing need for inexpensive catalysts, recyclable magnetic nanocatalysts immobilized on polysaccharides possess many advantages over classical heterogeneous catalysts.
A comparative study of the self-assembly of achiral and chiral hairy nanoparticles with polystyrene cores and poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) hairs
Authors: Habel Azza , Khan Ishrat M.
Published: October 2020

Chiral hairy nanoparticles (HNP), prepared by complexation of achiral HNPs with R- or S-mandelic acid, self-assemble into toroidal or donut like structures.
Application of blocking and immobilization of electrospun fiber in the biomedical field
Authors: Ning Yuanlan , Shen Wen , Ao Fen
Published: October 2020

The unique blocking and immobilization of electrospinning nanofibers play an important role in tissue engineering, wound dressings, drug delivery systems and other fields.
The relationship of structure, thermal and water vapor permeability barrier properties of poly(butylene succinate)/organomodified beidellite clay bionanocomposites prepared by in situ polycondensation
Authors: Ilsouk Mohamed , Raihane Mustapha , Rhouta Benaissa , Meri Remo Merijs , Zicans Janis , Vecstaudža Jana , Lahcini Mohammed
Published: October 2020

The exploitation of beidellite clay (BDT), used as a nanofiller in the preparation of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/organoclay biodegradable nanocomposites, was investigated. Their thermal and water vapor barrier properties were also studied.
Autocatalytic deoximation reactions driven by visible light
Authors: Li Hongjia , Jing Xiaobi , Shi Yaocheng , Yu Lei
Published: October 2020

Photocatalytic deoximation reaction was found to be an autocatalytic process that occurs via free-radical mechanism. Understanding the mechanism may help chemical engineers to develop related techniques to avoid the decomposition of oximes.
Transferrable property relationships between magnetic exchange coupling and molecular conductance
Authors: Kirk Martin L. , Dangi Ranjana , Habel-Rodriguez Diana , Yang Jing , Shultz David A. , Zhang Jinyuan
Published: October 2020

Calculated conductance through Aun–S–Bridge–S–Aun constructs are compared to experimental magnetic exchange coupling parameters in TpCum,MeZn(SQ–Bridge–NN) complexes, where SQ = semiquinone radical and NN = nitronylnitroxide radical.
Structure and phase behavior of poly(acrylic acid)–ferric ion complex aqueous solutions
Authors: Han Yingchun , Zhao Xinyue , Liu Yonggang , Li Yunqi , Chen Quan
Published: October 2020

In this study, we investigate the conformational evolution and phase behavior of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) solution upon the introduction of ferric ions through combining of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), turbidity,ζ-potential and pH measurements.
Blue ordered/disordered Janus-type TiO2 nanoparticles for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen generation
Authors: Hu Liangsheng , Li Yong , Zheng Weiran , Peng Yung-Kang , Tsang Shik Chi Edman , Lee Lawrence Yoon Suk , Wong Kwok-Yin
Published: October 2020

A Janus-type heterojunction between ordered-anatase and disordered-rutile phases was fabricated by selectively disordering the rutile phase of commercial P25-TiO2, and exhibits a ∼13-fold enhancement in photocatalytic H2 production relative to untreated P25-TiO2.
Double-shelled hollow bimetallic phosphide nanospheres anchored on nitrogen-doped graphene for boosting water electrolysis
Authors: Yang Dongxu , Su Zhe , Chen Yuanfu , Lu Yingjiong , Yu Bo , Srinivas Katam , Wang Bin , Zhang Wanli
Published: October 2020

A structure of MOF-derived double-shelled hollow nanoshperes anchored on nitrogen-doped graphene is synthesized. This material is suitable as a highly-efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for OER, HER and overall water splitting.
Bandgap lowering in mixed alloys of Cs2Ag(SbxBi1−x)Br6 double perovskite thin films
Authors: Li Zewei , Kavanagh Seán R. , Napari Mari , Palgrave Robert G. , Abdi-Jalebi Mojtaba , Andaji-Garmaroudi Zahra , Davies Daniel W. , Laitinen Mikko , Julin Jaakko , Isaacs Mark A. , Friend Richard H. , Scanlon David O. , Walsh Aron , Hoye Robert L. Z.
Published: October 2020

Reductions in the bandgap of Cs2AgBiBr6 and Cs2AgSbBr6 thin films are achieved through alloying due to non-linear mixing of Bi and Sb orbitals.
Thermodynamic and kinetic properties of layered-CaCo2O4 for the Ca-ion batteries: a systematic first-principles study
Authors: Park Haesun , Zapol Peter
Published: October 2020

First-principles calculations of layered CaCo2O4 demonstrate favorable thermodynamic and kinetic properties for topotactic Ca-ion intercalation in multivalent cathodes.
Exploration of the proton conduction behavior in natural neutral polysaccharides for biodegradable organic synaptic transistors
Authors: Yang Yahan , Zhao Xiaoli , Wang Shuya , Zhang Cong , Sun Hongying , Xu Fan , Tong Yanhong , Tang Qingxin , Liu Yichun
Published: October 2020

Proton conduction is explored through a crosslinking method in neutral-polysaccharide based organic synaptic transistors for biodegradable and ultraflexible neuromorphic applications.
Quantitative inference of the H2 column densities from 3 mm molecular emission: case study towards Orion B
Authors: Gratier Pierre , Pety Jérôme , Bron Emeric , Roueff Antoine , Orkisz Jan H. , Gerin Maryvonne , de Souza Magalhaes Victor , Gaudel Mathilde , Vono Maxime , Bardeau Sébastien , Chanussot Jocelyn , Chainais Pierre , Goicoechea Javier R. , Guzmán Viviana V. , Hughes Annie , Kainulainen Jouni , Languignon David , Le Bourlot Jacques , Le Petit Franck , Levrier François , Liszt Harvey , Peretto Nicolas , Roueff Evelyne , Sievers Albrecht
Published: October 2020

Context. Based on the finding that molecular hydrogen is unobservable in cold molecular clouds, the column density measurements of molecular gas currently rely either on dust emission observation in the far-infrared, which requires space telescopes, or on star counting, which is limited in angular resolution by the stellar density. The (sub)millimeter observations of numerous trace molecules can be effective using ground-based telescopes, but the relationship between the emission of one molecular line and the H2 column density is non-linear and sensitive to excitation conditions, optical depths, and abundance variations due to the underlying physico- chemistry.

Aims. We aim to use multi-molecule line emission to infer the H2 molecular column density from radio observations.

Methods. We propose a data-driven approach to determine the H2 gas column densities from radio molecular line observations. We use supervised machine-learning methods (random forest) on wide-field hyperspectral IRAM-30m observations of the Orion B molecular cloud to train a predictor of the H2 column density, using a limited set of molecular lines between 72 and 116 GHz as input, and the Herschel-based dust-derived column densities as “ground truth” output.

Results. For conditions similar to those of the Orion B molecular cloud, we obtained predictions of the H2 column density within a typical factor of 1.2 from the Herschel-based column density estimates. A global analysis of the contributions of the different lines to the predictions show that the most important lines are 13CO(1–0), 12CO(1–0), C18O(1–0), and HCO+(1–0). A detailed analysis distinguishing between diffuse, translucent, filamentary, and dense core conditions show that the importance of these four lines depends on the regime, and that it is recommended that the N2H+(1–0) and CH3OH(20–10) lines be added for the prediction of the H2 column density in dense core conditions.

Conclusions. This article opens a promising avenue for advancing direct inferencing of important physical parameters from the molecular line emission in the millimeter domain. The next step will be to attempt to infer several parameters simultaneously (e.g., the column density and far-UV illumination field) to further test the method.
The study of fractional composition of pectin substances in vegetables and technical means of its obtaining
Authors: Belousova Anna I. , Donchenko Lyudmila V.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the feasibility of automation of technological process of liquid pectin obtaining for the production of functional beverages to ensure a given quality and required physiological properties. There were presented the comparative differences between traditional operator consoles and workstations. There was justified the expediency of control and regulation of main technological parameters of the process of pectin extraction. There was described the algorithm of evaluating the results of real-time monitoring of the process.
System of energy criteria in the justification of technical units for field production
Authors: Rykov Viktor B. , Kambulov Sergey I. , Trubilin Evgeny I. , Kastidi Yuri K.
Published: October 2020

The article shows the importance and necessity of energy analysis of both machine technology, as a whole, and machinetechnological aggregates in order to compare several variants of technical solutions of the designed equipment (power units, machines, aggregates) for field cultivation. The necessity of introducing additional energy criteria when designing machine technologies and creating technical means for their implementation is justified.
Organizational and economic aspects of selection and seed production of the South of Russia
Authors: Moiseev Victor V. , Moiseev Arkady V.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this research is to analyze the seed market, selection and seed production in Krasnodar Territory. Effective sales of seed products are becoming a competitive advantage for developing companies. In modern economic conditions, the development of market relations in the grain industry and the seed market has disrupted the selection process, leading to a sharp drop in grain production of individual crops. It was reflected in the increase in the sowing of the grain crop area with low quality seeds and seeds of mass reproductions, reducing the volume of harvested seeds for the state resources, the suspension of seed circulation and violation of the seed renovation, the ordinary transition of farms to provide seeds of their own production. Conclusions are made and forecasts for domestic agricultural producers are determined based on the current market dynamics. The guidelines for state support of the industry are indicated to solve the problems which the Ministry of Agriculture has developed as a Strategy of the development of selection and seed production of major agricultural crops until 2020. The necessity of cooperation between business, educational and scientific institutions of agricultural profile in solving the problem of providing high-quality seeds to agricultural producers is substantiated.
Implementation of the motivation and incentive models of employees of the LLC “Rucheek” of Krasnodar Territory
Authors: Moiseev Victor V. , Moiseev Arkady V.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses and analyzes the implementation of models of motivation and incentives of employees of the company that produces mineral water. Modern methods and tools of employee management at the enterprise are studied. Analysis of the system of motivation and incentive of the organization’s personnel allows us to justify the feasibility of recommendations for improving the motivation system in the LLC “Rucheek”. The degree of implementation – recommendations of proposals for improving the system of personnel motivation, is justified. As a result of this work, we received proposals for improving motivation systems at the enterprise. The models used will significantly increase the economic efficiency of the organization.
Introduction of fertilizers to the field surface
Authors: Belousov Sergey V. , Filippov Dmitry A.
Published: October 2020

The work is dedicated to the introduction of dry non-organic substances to the field surface by the new proposed distributor. The article has a research character, which is expressed in the analysis of methods and units of mechanization for applying mineral fertilizers, as well as excerpts from the works of leading scientists on the subject under study, the types of patents that ensure the operation of mineral fertilizer distributors, their shortcomings and ways to solve these problems. The main trend in the development of units for applying mineral fertilizers to improve the quality of their performance has been determined. The proposed concept of development of mechanization units for applying mineral fertilizers with a compact mechanized spreader is also justified. Its operation process is described. As a result of this work, the design of a compact mechanized distributor of mineral fertilizers is proposed and justified. The conclusions present the main results achieved so far.
Analysis of the directions of the development of mechanization units for processing the neartrunk area in the garden
Authors: Konovalov Vladimir I. , Konovalov Sergey I.
Published: October 2020

The final cost of gardening products is influenced by many factors including the tillage costs. Most often, the soil in the near-trunk area of gardens is kept under black fallow, and soil treatment is usually carried out by rotary machines with a vertical axis of rotation. The article presents the analysis of directions of the development of mechanization units for soil tillage in conventional in the near-trunk area of gardens due to information of open registers of FIIP (Federal Institute of Industrial Property) of Russia. As a result of the analysis, the classification of the main types of technical results is performed and the main requirements for tillage machines are formulated, the implementation of which will increase the efficiency of gardening.
Investigation of the kinematics of seed movement in the centrifugal distributor of a pneumatic seeder
Authors: Bogus Azamat E.
Published: October 2020

Theoretical studies of the seed movement in the centrifugal seed distributor of a pneumgivenatic grain seeder have been performed. There were obtained the equations describing the process of seed movement in a centrifugal seed distributor which allow determining the optimal parameters of the pneumatic system of the seeder. The relationship between the operating and design parameters of the centrifugal distributor is given.
Analytical study of uneven distribution of seeds by a centrifugal distributor
Authors: Bogus Azamat E.
Published: October 2020

The operating and geometric parameters of the seed movement in the centrifugal distributor of pneumatic grain seeders were studied on the basis of the equation of seed movement. The methodology of evaluation of the non-uniform distribution of seeds between the seed tubes is shown. The parameters of the centrifugal distributor that ensure minimal unevenness are determined.
Theoretical study of the forced oscillation effect on subsoil tillage
Authors: Masienko Ivan , Vasilenko Artem , Eranova Lyudmila
Published: October 2020

The work presents a tillage machine with vibrational electronic elements mounted on the working bodies, which allow reciprocal oscillating movements of the chisel bit and duckfoot shovels. Theoretical studies of the dependence of traction resistance reduction of a tillage machine on the influence of oscillations of the working bodies on the soil and on the unit’s speed. The oscillating movements of the working bodies will improve the quality of the main processing of heavy soils in gardens, reduce the energy intensity of a given process and increase productivity by increasing the unit’s speed.
Proposal of an alternative technology for dairy farming in the North Caucasus
Authors: Baragunov A.B. , Kushaeva E.A. , Hamokov M.M. , Sagatelian A.V.
Published: October 2020

The article presents the results of research work in the field of dairy farming. During the study, shortcomings in the technology and technical means of machine milking and primary processing of cow’s milk in the mountainous conditions of farming in the North Caucasus are revealed. The main producers are households, individual entrepreneurs and peasant (farm) households. An alternative technology of machine milking and primary processing of milk with energy-saving technical means of machine milking, manure removal, the use of non-traditional energy sources, assembled into a technological line for milk production is proposed. The results of comparative production tests of a milking machine for operation in foothill and mountainous regions are presented, a characteristic feature of which is operation without breaking the operating mode at elevations above a thousand meters above sea level. The results confirm the advantage of the proposed design in terms of milk excretion rate, productivity, milk quality in terms of fat content, low injury to the milking livestock when using the development. Energy indicators of the advantages of the technology for collecting and utilizing manure with obtaining an additional energy carrier and high-quality organic fertilizer are also given. The proposed technology provides for measures and technical means for the care of the pasture territory in order to exclude violations of the environment and vegetation cover of the rich forbs of the North Caucasian mountain pastures.
Results of research of working bodies with increased reliability of tillage and sowing machines
Authors: Babitskiy Leonid , Moskalevich Vadim , Belov Aleksandr
Published: October 2020

The results of research on the influence of wear-resistant hardening surfacing on bionically justified parameters on the efficiency, durability and traction resistance of cultivator hoes and hoe coulters are presented. The economic efficiency of the proposed method of strengthening the hoe working bodies is determined.
Constructive solutions to improve cable haulers for development of hard-to-reach cutting areas
Authors: Svoykin F.V. , Sokolova V.A. , Korolko N.S. , Shoshin A.O.
Published: October 2020

The article proposes a constructive solution for improving the technological process of logging wood with rope skidders under conditions of an extended distance of the primary haulage of wood and a considerable length of a hauling-carrying rope for hilly-ridge and waterlogged production conditions, including for selective felling (especially relevant in the Northwestern Federal District of the Russian Federation , especially in the Leningrad region, where timber harvesting in the forests of the first category predominates). The proposed solution is a double-structure carriage, obtained by connecting the mounting of the travel wheels with two articulated joints, without changing the standard designs of the existing carriages. This design allows the carriage to provide the passage of turns with a bundle of skidded timber on the curved track of the carrying rope. When introducing rope skidders with articulated carriage (SHSK), the possibility of turning the track will expand the area of the available logging fund. The use of cable scudding systems with SHSK will allow organizing skidding routes, without significant wear of the ropes, with turning angles up to 45 degrees.
Justification main characteristics of separation wheat grains for isolation biological valuable seeds
Authors: Dorokhov Aleksey , Moskovskiy Maksim , Borzenko Sergey , Dat Hoang Ngia
Published: October 2020

Today one of the problems of grain separation is separation of grains according to biologically valuable characteristics (germination, growth force, germination energy of grains, their physical, biological and chemical parameters, the amount of protein, gluten, etc.). It is need to justify isolate grain with high biological value, and thereby increase the yield of varieties “Felicia” and “Viola”. In this paper, we considered such seed characteristic as variability. It was found that the physical properties and replacement of seeds in the spike (dimensional characteristics, mass, density) have a direct relationship. The backlogs for new studies were identified, and all the data obtained empirically were displayed in the final table and presented in detail in this article.
Study of the temperature requirements for ponds of treatment facilities for Eichhornia cultivation
Authors: Dmitriyenko Vladimir A. , Armeyskov Sergey N. , Kokunko Irina N. , Merenkova Natalya V.
Published: October 2020

The article shows the need for desalination of underground waters in the city of Shakhty pumped out from old mine workings. The existing scheme of purification of pumped underground waters from iron is presented. There is a high content of salts in the purified waters, which pollute the river. The positive qualities of phyto-purification with the use of water hyacinth - Eichhornia are considered. A model for predicting a decrease in temperature in the winter period, developed on basis of the results of studies of water temperature requirements in ponds of sedimentation tanks of mine water, is presented.
Evaluation of infrapatellar tendon plication in spastic cerebral palsy with crouch gait pattern: a pilot study
Authors: Tageldeen Mohamed Mohamed , Elsobky Mohamed , Hegazy Mohamed , Elbarbary Hassan M. , Abdelmohsen Mohamed Mostafa , Elsherbini Mostafa , Barakat Ahmed Samir , Diab Nader M.
Published: October 2020

Objective: In order to substantially improve crouch pattern in cerebral palsy, the existent patella alta needs to be addressed. This pilot study evaluates the effectiveness of a previously described infrapatellar tendon plication for the treatment of patella alta in crouch gait pattern in skeletally immature spastic cerebral palsy patients. Methods: In 10 skeletally immature patients (20 knees) with spastic diplegia and crouch gait, the previously described technique by Joseph et al. for infrapatellar tendon plication was evaluated within the setting of single event multilevel surgery (SEMLS). Outcome measures included knee extension lag, Koshino’s radiological index for patella alta, and the occurrence of complications. Patients were followed-up for a minimum of 12 months. Results: The extensor lag improved and was statistically significant in all cases of the study with no incidence of tibial apophyseal injury at the latest follow-up. Radiographic Koshino index normalized and was maintained all through the follow-up period except in one patient (5%) who was overcorrected. Two patients (4 knees, 20%) showed postoperative knee stiffness due to casting which resolved with physiotherapy within six weeks. One knee (5%) developed a superficial infection which also resolved uneventfully with repeated dressings. Conclusion: The described infra-patellar plication technique in skeletally immature spastic diplegics appears effective, safe, and reproducible.
C(sp3)–H Bond Acylation with N-Acyl Imides under Photoredox/ Nickel Dual Catalysis
Authors: Amgoune Abderrahmane , Kerackian Taline , Reina Antonio , Krachko Tetiana , Boddaert Hugo , Bouyssi Didier , Monteiro Nuno
Published: October 2020

A novel Ni/photoredox-catalyzed acylation of aliphatic substrates, including simple alkanes and dialkyl ethers, has been developed. The method combines C–N bond activation of amides with a radical relay mechanism involving hydrogen-atom transfer. The protocol is operationally simple, employs bench-stable N-acyl imides as acyl-transfer reagents, and permits facile access to alkyl ketones under very mild conditions.
I2-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Ketone Oximes and Dialkyl/Diarylphosphine Oxides
Authors: Zeng Qingle , Li Nutao , Wang Yiding , Yang Hongqin , He Ze
Published: October 2020

A new protocol for the oxidative coupling of ketone oximes with dialkyl/diarylphosphine oxides to synthesize O-(dialkylphosphinyl)ketone oximes has been developed. Hydrogen peroxide is used as a green oxidizing agent, and molecular iodine is used as a nonmetal catalyst. The reaction has a high atom economy, with water as the only byproduct. O-(Dialkylphosphinyl)ketone oximes with 26 examples have been obtained with high yields. Furthermore, the product may be transformed into other molecules, i.e., by reduction.
A 92 Days Run of Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Sahu Manoj Kumar , Bipin Chalattil , Pahuja Sourabh , Singh Sarvesh Pal , Hadda Vijay
Published: October 2020

Background Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) is an established life-saving procedure for severe acute respiratory failure due to various causes. In general, the duration of ECMO ranges from 1 to 2 weeks, with withdrawal recommended if no improvement is noted. We report a case of respiratory failure due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following influenza A infection, supported with a long ECMO run and the lessons learned from this experience.

Case Report A 40-year-old female weighing 120 kg with pneumonia following H1N1 influenza was transferred to our hospital on mechanical ventilation for worsening respiratory distress. On admission, she presented with bilateral diffuse infiltrates on chest X-ray and severe hypoxemia with a partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/fraction of inspired oxygen concentration ratio (PaO2/FiO2) of 85 at FiO2 of 0.8 on endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Acinetobacter Baumannii was isolated from respiratory secretions; antibiotics were revised as per sensitivity. Her respiratory status further deteriorated over next 96 hours in spite of maximally optimized mechanical ventilation. VV-ECMO was established on 4th day of mechanical ventilation in our hospital. Thereafter, she underwent a prolonged ECMO run with respiratory improvement starting to show some promise only by 86th day of ECMO. Weaning process was initiated gradually. However, on 88th day of ECMO the patient had an episode of seizure followed by low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (3T/15). The patient did not recover from the cerebral insult and based on clinical neurological examination including apnea test, brain death was determined within next 48 hours and the ECMO was called off.

Conclusions Prolonged ECMO therapy poses many challenges and might be considered if the primary cause of respiratory failure necessitating ECMO is expected to resolve or a feasibility of lung transplantation is contemplated. Good team dynamics and appropriate counselling to the family are of utmost importance managing the patients on prolonged ECMO.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Prenatal Supplement and Medication Use in Low-Risk Pregnant Women
Authors: Vafai Yassaman , Yeung Edwina H. , Sundaram Rajeshwari , Smarr Melissa M. , Gerlanc Nicole , Grobman William A. , Skupski Daniel , Chien Edward K. , Hinkle Stefanie N. , Newman Roger B. , Wing Deborah A. , Ranzini Angela C. , Sciscione Anthony , Grewal Jagteshwar , Zhang Cuilin , Grantz Katherine L.
Published: October 2020

Objective This study aimed to describe the overall quantity and type of supplements and medications used during pregnancy in a low-risk cohort and to examine any racial/ethnic differences in intake.

Study Design We used data from 2,164 racially/ethnically diverse, nonobese, and low-risk pregnant women participating without pre-pregnancy chronic conditions in a prospective cohort study at 12 sites across the United States. Medication data were self-reported as free text in enrollment, follow-up visit questionnaires, and abstracted from medical records at delivery. Supplements and medications data were mapped to their active ingredients and categorized into corresponding classes using the Slone Drug Dictionary. The total number and classes of supplements and medications consumed during pregnancy were calculated. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate the racial/ethnic differences in supplements and medications intake. All models were adjusted for maternal sociodemographic factors and study site.

Results 98% of women took at least one supplement during pregnancy, with prenatal vitamins/multivitamins being most common. While only 31% reported taking no medications during pregnancy, 23% took one, 18% took two, and 28% took three or more. The percentage of women taking at least one medication during pregnancy was highest among non-Hispanic white women and lowest among Asians (84 vs. 55%, p < 0.001). All racial/ethnic groups reported taking the same top four medication classes including central nervous system agents, gastrointestinal drugs, anti-infective agents, and antihistamines. Compared with non-Hispanic white women, Hispanic (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71–0.98), and Asian women (aRR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70–0.98) were less likely to take central nervous system agents, as well as gastrointestinal drugs (Hispanics aRR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.66–0.94; Asians aRR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.63–0.90), and antihistamines (Hispanics aRR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47–0.92).

Conclusion Supplement intake was nearly universal. Medication use was also common among this low-risk pregnancy cohort and differed by race/ethnicity.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00912132.

Key Points
Prevalence and Utilization of Obturator Artery Anatomic Variant in Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Muñoz Katherine D. Reuter , Powers Jeremy M. , Zhang Shuhao , Kale Santosh S.
Published: October 2020

Background The objective of this study is to quantify the prevalence and describe the utilization of an anatomic vascular variant in which the obturator artery (OA) arises from the trunk of the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) in stacked/dual-pedicled autologous breast reconstruction. When this variant is identified preoperatively on computed tomography angiography (CTA), it may be utilized in a “flow-through” fashion to direct antegrade internal mammary artery (IMA) flow into a second free flap to facilitate anastomotic arrangement and optimize perfusion.

Methods Preoperatively obtained abdomen/pelvis CTA imaging of 121 autologous breast reconstruction patients were retrospectively reviewed for the unilateral or bilateral presence of the OA branch arising from the DIEA (OA variant). The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results Our analysis revealed the presence of the OA variant in 60 of the 121 (49.6%) breast reconstruction candidates, either unilaterally or bilaterally. Out of these patients, the variant was present unilaterally in 33 (55%) and bilaterally in 27 (45%) patients. Of the unilateral variants, 12 (36.4%) patients demonstrated right-sided laterality, while 21 (63.6%) patients demonstrated left-sided laterality. Clinically, this anatomic variant has been utilized in several cases of autologous breast reconstruction with flap survival in all cases.

Conclusion Utilization of this anatomic variant in stacked or dual-pedicled autologous breast reconstruction results in antegrade IMA perfusion of both primary and secondary flaps, as well as improved size match compared with other anastomotic options. Knowledge of the vascular anatomy and variations in the inferior epigastric system is crucial to both preventing complications and optimizing flap planning and outcome.
Rates of Cesarean Conversion and Associated Predictors and Outcomes in Planned Vaginal Twin Deliveries
Authors: Mei Jenny Y. , Muñoz Hector E. , Kim Jessica S. , Szlachta-McGinn Alec , Blat Cinthia , Rao Rashmi , Han Christina S. , Irani Roxanna A. , Afshar Yalda
Published: October 2020

Objective Twin vaginal deliveries (VDs) are often performed in the operating room (OR) given the risk of conversion to cesarean delivery (CD) for the aftercoming twin. We aim to investigate the rates of conversion to CD for planned twin VDs and identify predictors and outcomes of conversion.

Study Design A retrospective cohort study of all women who underwent a planned twin VD at two large academic medical centers over 4 years. Demographic and outcome data were chart abstracted. Various statistical tests were used to evaluate the influence of perinatal variables on mode of delivery and identify possible predictors of conversion.

Results Eight hundred and eighty-five twin deliveries were identified, of which 725 (81.9%) were possible candidates for VD. Of those, 237 (32.7%) underwent successful VD of twin A. Ninety-five (40.1%) had a nonvertex second twin at time of delivery. Conversion to CD occurred in 10 planned VDs (4.2%). Conversions were higher with spontaneous labor (relative risk [RR]: 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6–2.7; p = 0.003), and having an intertwin delivery interval greater than 60 minutes (RR: 5.1; 95% CI: 2.5–10.8; p < 0.001). Nonvertex presentation of twin B, type of delivery provider, or years out in practice of delivery provider were not significantly different between groups. There were no significant differences in neonatal outcomes between VD and conversion groups. There was a significant association between use of forceps for twin B and successful VD (p = 0.02), with 84.6% in the setting of a nonvertex twin B.

Conclusion Successful VD was achieved in planned VD of twins in 95.8% of cases, and there were no significant differences in maternal and fetal outcomes between successful VD and conversion to CD for twin B. With the optimal clinical scenario and shared decision-making, performing vaginal twin deliveries in labor and delivery rooms should be discussed.

Key Points
The Use of Sequential Integrated Screening to Stratify Risk in Monochorionic-Diamniotic Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Miller Edward , Blat Cinthia , Gosnell Kristen , Gonzalez Juan , Ghaffari Neda
Published: October 2020

Objective This study aimed to identify differences in sequential integrated screening and early ultrasound markers in monochorionic/diamniotic (MC/DA) pregnancies complicated by twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and unequal placental sharing (UPS).

Study Design Retrospective cohort study of MC/DA pregnancies evaluated between January 2012 and July 2017 at the University of California San Francisco. MC/DA pregnancies with ultrasound surveillance up to 26 weeks who participated in the California Prenatal Screening Program (CPSP) were included. Pregnancies with structural or genetic anomalies were excluded. UPS was defined as an intertwin growth discordance ≥20%. Intertwin nuchal translucency (NT) discordance was calculated by the absolute value of the difference of the NT of cotwins. Kruskal–Wallis or ANOVA testing was performed where appropriate, and negative binomial regression models were chosen to test for differences in mean biomarker levels by outcome group.

Results A total of 191 MC/DA pregnancies were included; 85 were affected by TTTS, 35 by UPS, and 71 controls. Significant differences in intertwin NT discordance in pregnancies complicated by TTTS and UPS compared with controls (p = 0.007) were found. TTTS cases had a mean NT discordance greater than two times that of controls (p = 0.04), while UPS cases had a value more than three times greater (p = 0.003). There was a statistically significant difference in mean second trimester human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) between the cohorts (p = 0.0002) with TTTS cases having a mean second trimester hCG value 1.5 greater than both controls (p < 0.001) and UPS cases (p = 0.001). Analysis showed a significant difference in mean second trimester inhibin between the three cohorts (p = 0.029). Pregnancies complicated by UPS had a mean second trimester inhibin 1.5 times greater than controls (p = 0.010).

Conclusion Our study shows that there are unique differences in early ultrasound and sequential integrated serum markers between MC/DA gestations complicated by TTTS and UPS versus those unaffected.

Key Points
Retrospective Diagnosis of Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 1B in a Family with Two Deceased Newborn Children
Authors: Bradinova Irena , Andonova Silvia , Savov Alexey
Published: October 2020

Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1B is a severe autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by a combination of cerebellar and spinal motor neuron degeneration beginning at birth. Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1B is caused by mutations in EXOSC3 gene. High prevalence of the p.Gly31Ala mutation was found recently, especially in the Roma ethnic minority. We present a young Bulgarian Roma family with two deceased newborn children manifesting severe neuromuscular disorder including severe muscle weakness, respiratory distress, and multiple joint contractures. Based on the clinical signs and family's population characteristics, DNA testing for the previously described EXOSC3 in Bulgarian Roma mutation c.92G > C; p.Gly31Ala was performed on blood samples of both parents and they were found to be heterozygous carriers. This finding indirectly confirmed the diagnosis of pontocerebellar hypoplasia type B in the deceased offspring. Knowledge of population-specific molecular bases of genetic conditions was the key to final diagnosis in the presented family. Designing of population-based clinical-genetic panels may be a powerful diagnostic tool for patients with such origin. Preconception carrier screening in high-risk population groups is a feasible option to discuss.
A Treatable Cause of Myelopathy: Biotinidase Deficiency Presenting as Acute Flaccid Paralysis
Authors: Gowda Vykuntaraju K. , Kerur Chetan , Vamyanmane Dhananjaya K. , Kumar Pragalatha , Nagarajappa Vani H. , Shivappa Sanjay K.
Published: October 2020

Biotinidase deficiency (BD) is a rare treatable cause of neurometabolic disorders. It is an autosomal recessive disorder that manifests with cutaneous and neurological manifestations. Spinal cord involvement is uncommon with only a few cases reported in the literature. A 6-year-old female child presented with progressive difficulty in walking since 2 months. At 6 months of age, the child was elsewhere evaluated for global developmental delay and suspected as metabolic disorders and started on megavitamins, following which the child was improved. For the past 2 years, she has stopped medicines. On examination, irritable, alopecia, eczema, hypotonia, and power of two-fifths in all four limbs, and exaggerated deep tendon reflexes. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain and spine showed T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensities in periaqueductal gray matter, dorsal midbrain, pons, medulla, and cervical cord. She was suspected to have BD and confirmed by low enzyme levels and pathogenic variant in BTD. She was started on biotin supplements that resulted clinically dramatic improvement and MRI became normal within 4 weeks. Any child presenting with acute flaccid paralysis with brainstem and spinal cord noncompressive lesions on MRI, rare treatable conditions like BD should be considered in developing countries, like India, where still no universal newborn screening facilities are available.