bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Underactive bladder and detrusor underactivity represent different facets of volume hyposensitivity and not impaired contractility
Authors: P. Smith Phillip , Pregenzer Gerard , Galffy Andrew , A. Kuchel George
Published: July 2015

OBJECTIVES: Underactive bladder (UAB) and detrusor underactivity (DU) are receiving increasing clinical and research attention. Although lacking a formalized definition, UAB is described as a symptom complex, while DU is a standardized statement of urodynamic function. Both terms nominally suggest impaired detrusor contractility leading to disordered emptying. We sought to evaluate the relationship between UAB, DU and detrusor contractility. METHODS:A chart review of 256 urodynamic records from clinical practice was conducted. Data about symptoms and urodynamic performance were extracted and analyzed, comparing measures of sensory and motor function among groups based on symptoms and urodynamic observations.RESULTS: One hundred and ninety eight complete urodynamic studies met ad hoc defined criteria for inclusion. UAB is specific (0.90) for, but not sensitive (0.22) to, DU. Increased post-void residual volume is common to both UAB and DU, but neither is associated with impaired contractility as measured by Watts factor. Patients with UAB and DU demonstrate higher sensation volume thresholds than do those without these symptoms or observations.CONCLUSIONS: The symptom complex of UAB is not a reliable predictor of the urodynamic observation of DU, and neither condition is associated with a diminished Watts factor. Our results suggest that UAB and DU are typically disorders of volume hyposensitivity rather than of impaired contractility, and may differ in their relationship to bladder perceptions. Thus, these terms should not be used interchangeably.
Comparison of two RP-HPLC methods for determination of recombinant human thrombin in pharmaceutical formulations. / Porovnanie dvoch RP-HPLC metód pre stanovenie rekombinantného ľudského trombínu vo farmaceutických formuláciách
Authors: Bartoš P. , Murányi A. , Šnauko M.
Published: July 2015

Two reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography analytical methods (Method I and Method II) for determination of assay of recombinant human thrombin in pharmaceutical formulations were developed and validated. Analysis was performed on chromatographic system Agilent 1200 series SL with diode array detection and mass selective detection.

Method I was intended for faster determination of thrombin assay. Gradient programme was optimised to achieve sufficient separation and acceptable runtime. Chromatographic analysis was performed on analytical column Grace Vydac, C4 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 mm. Method II is Method I adapted to use the mass selective detector. Chromatographic separation was performed on analytical column Zorbax 300SB-C8 SolvSaver Plus, 150 × 3 mm, 3.5 mm. Both analytical methods were validated with respect to specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy. The response of thrombin was a linear function of concentration over the range 0.1-1.0 mg/ml. Precision and accuracy of thrombin was evaluated at three concentration levels low (0.2 mg/ml), medium (0.4 mg/ml) and high (0.8 mg/ml).

Both validated methods have been successfully applied for determination of assay and thrombin degradation products in pharmaceutical formulations.
Research Of Effect Of Low Frequency Magnetic Field On Germination, Growth And Fruiting Of Field Tomatoes
Authors: Jedlička Jaroslav , Paulen Oleg , Ailer Štefan
Published: July 2015

In the study regarding with tomatoes, the impact of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on seed germination of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) after treatment before sowing, as well as the growth following electromagnetic stimulation of young plants at a time before planting in the field, and fruittraits was investigated. In the experiments conducted in two consecutive years (2012 and 2013), we followed the time of seed germination of tomato variety “Pavlina”, plant growth and the fruitsize. Magnetization of seeds and young plants was carried out in laboratory conditions, and plant growth and fruits were followed in field conditions where plants were grown on experimental plots (25.0 m2). The plants were grown in accordance with the standards of agricultural practice for tomato. At the generative phase, fruits were collected at regular intervals, and their number and weight were evaluated. Low frequency electromagnetic fields acting at the three inductance levels (20, 40 and 60 mT) and exposure of 20 minutes a day with frequency of 50 Hz, significantly influenced the germination, plant growth and fruitsize of the studied tomato variety.
A Statistical Approach for Obtaining the Controlled Woven Fabric Width
Authors: Shaker Khubab , Umair Muhammad , Maqsood Muhammad , Nawab Yasir , Ahmad Sheraz , Rasheed Abher , Ashraf Munir , Basit Abdul
Published: July 2015

A common problem faced in fabric manufacturing is the production of inconsistent fabric width on shuttleless looms in spite of the same fabric specifications. Weft-wise crimp controls the fabric width and it depends on a number of factors, including warp tension, temple type, fabric take-up pressing tension and loom working width. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of these parameters on the fabric width produced. Taguchi’s orthogonal design was used to optimise the weaving parameters for obtaining controlled fabric width. On the basis of signal to noise ratios, it could be concluded that controlled fabric width could be produced using medium temple type and intense take-up pressing tension at relatively lower warp tension and smaller loom working width. The analysis of variance revealed that temple needle size was the most significant factor affecting the fabric width, followed by loom working width and warp tension, whereas take-up pressing tension was least significant of all the factors investigated in the study.
Oral health conditions of older people: Focus on the Balkan countries
Authors: Chatzopoulos Georgios
Published: July 2015

Oral health plays a pivotal role in general health, especially in older people. Oral diseases may affect the development of systemic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, stroke and hypertension. The most important oral health conditions that have been recorded in dental literature for older population include tooth loss, dental caries, periodontal diseases, xerostomia (dry mouth) and oral cancer. Edentulism influences social life, either causing aesthetic problems or affecting functional abilities, such as speaking, chewing and eating. Dental caries in older people is similar to that in people in their thirties. Socio-economic status and living area play a key role in the development of dental caries. In addition, the accumulation of several risk factors, such as plaque or systemic diseases, acts synergistically in the onset of periodontal disease in seniors. Furthermore, older people, mainly due to their medications, exhibit a reduced amount of saliva. Xerostomia causes difficulties in chewing, speaking and swallowing, and it has a substantial impact on older people's lives. The prevalence of oral cancer is 1-10 per 100,000 patients, and several factors (smoking, alcohol, education, economic status) play crucial role. Limited data exists today that evaluates oral health conditions of seniors in the Balkan countries. Aging and socio-economic status of seniors in the Balkans are significantly associated with oral health problems.
Adults with dental erosion: Could this be a clinical sign of anorexia or bulimia nervosa? How is a patient with eating disorders approached?
Authors: Athanasiadou Eirini , Kakoura Flora , Dermata Anastasia , Dabarakis Nikolaos
Published: July 2015

Rhythms, requirements and standards of modern life have made the anxiety a common feature of most people. Along with stress, several other psychological problems increasingly appear and, unfortunately, critically affect young ages. 2 of the most common chronic mental disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Dentists are uniquely positioned because in their area of examination, signs of these diseases can be seen and then their symptoms can be discussed with patients. Nowadays, despite the fact that these diseases are on the rise, dentists do not know enough about them. Often, even if the knowledge is enough to diagnose the disease, they avoid doing it, because they try not to make their patients feel uncomfortable and lose them. The purpose of this review is to highlight the main and secondary signs and symptoms of these diseases, giving each clinical general dentist a more global view and a motivation to include eating disorders in everyday clinical practice.
Inovační výkonnost ČR v mezinárodním srovnání Innovation Union Scoreboard v letech 2004–2014
Authors: Kostić Miroslav
Published: July 2015

Potřeba mezinárodního porovnání inovační výkonnosti se zvyšuje spolu s rostoucím významem vytváření, uplatňování a šíření inovací pro výkonnost a konkurenceschopnost národních ekonomik. Základní analytický nástroj pro porovnání inovační výkonnosti evropských zemí představuje Innovation Union Scoreboard (IUS). Cílem příspěvku je shrnutí vývoje pozice ČR v IUS v průběhu posledních deseti let. Článek se zároveň podrobněji věnuje inovační výkonnosti ČR dle jednotlivých ukazatelů a identifikuje hlavní silné a slabé stránky českého inovačního systému. V souhrnném porovnání států podle inovační výkonnosti je ČR po celé období řazena do třetí ze čtyř výkonnostních skupin, do skupiny tzv. mírných inovátorů. Vývoj inovační výkonnosti ČR vzhledem k průměrné inovační výkonnosti EU lze nicméně charakterizovat jako převážně konvergenční. Hlavní slabiny českého inovačního systému byly identifikovány v nižší dostupnosti finančních zdrojů i kvalifikovaných pracovních sil pro výzkum a vývoj a další znalostně náročná odvětví, jakož i v nedostatečném využívání nástrojů ochrany práv duševního vlastnictví.
Synthesis and antitumor activities of piperazine- and cyclen-conjugated dehydroabietylamine derivatives
Authors: Yang Xinbin , Qin Xiaolin , Wang Qin , Huang Yu
Published: July 2015

A series of piperazine- and cyclen-conjugated dehydroabietylamine derivatives were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The in vitro antitumor activities of conjugates 10–13 against MCF-7 and HepG-2 tumor cell lines were evaluated using CCK-8 assay. The results show that the synthesized compounds cause a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and display different antitumor activities with the IC50 values ranging from 23.56 to 78.92 μm. Moreover, the antitumor activity of conjugate 10 against the MCF-7 cell line is superior to that of the positive control 5-fluorouracil. In addition, flow cytometric assay revealed that the representative conjugate 10 could induce apoptosis in MCF-7 tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner.
Efficient synthesis of 3-(bromomethyl)-5-methylpyridine hydrobromide
Authors: Guo Jianyu , Lu Yan , Wang Jin
Published: July 2015

5-Methyl-3-(bromomethyl)pyridine is the key intermediate in the synthesis of rupatadine. In this article, a new preparation of 5-methyl-3-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide is reported, which used 5-methylnicotinic acid as the starting material, with a 65.9% overall yield. This method has the merits of being simple, efficient and environmentally friendly.
Characterization of salt- and surfactant-containing sandy soil extracts by laser light methods
Authors: Joó Szilvia , Tóth Judit , Földényi Rita
Published: July 2015

The aim of this work was to study how different salt and surfactant solutions influence the particle size distribution and colloidal stability of sandy soil extracts. Particle size distribution was investigated by the laser diffraction method. Extracts were made from the soil – before and after removing its organic content – with solutions of NaCl or CaCl2 and one cationic and two anionic surfactants. The surfactants influence the particle size distribution of the soil. Due to the use of the NaCl and surfactant mixtures after removal of organic content, the particle sizes increased compared to the extract of the soil. Colloidal stability was investigated by the laser Doppler electrophoresis method resulting in a zeta potential between −5.63 and −23.7 mV, showing that the extracts were rather instable. Static equilibrium experiments with sodium dodecyl sulphate on sandy soil resulted in an L-type of isotherm with three steps, indicating the formation of more surface layers. Comparison of the adsorption isotherm and the measurements of particle size distribution demonstrated that the particle size changes comparably with the formation of the different layers. The zeta potential of the equilibrated solution reached the region of instability and stability when the initial concentration of sodium dodecyl sulphate was near its critical micelle concentration.
Assessment of the impacts of traditional Persian medical schemes and recommendations on functional chronic constipation compared to a classic medicine lactulose, a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Emami Alorizi Seyed Morteza , Fattahi Mohammad Reza , Saghebi Seyed Ahmad , Salehi Alireza , Rezaeizadeh Hossein , Nimrouzi Majid , Zarshenas Mohammad M.
Published: July 2015

Background: To manage chronic constipation, numerous lifestyle modification schemes and recommendations as well as applications of natural medicaments have been mentioned in manuscripts of traditional Persian medicine (TPM). This study was aimed to compare the impacts of some of those recommendations with lactulose, on functional chronic constipation.

Methods: Via a blocked randomization, 100 patients were enrolled. Schemes and recommendations from TPM as intervention group were evaluated versus lactulose as control by weekly follow-ups with standard questionnaire for 3 months. Stool frequency, hard stool, painful defecation, incomplete evacuation sensation, anorectal obstruction sensation and manual maneuvers were considered as outcome measures.

Results: Eighty-six patients (42 in schemes and 44 in lactulose groups) completed the study. Median weekly stool frequency in 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment was 1.76±1.79, 2.88±0.89, 2.95±1.05 and 2.93±1.11 in the schemes and 2.41±1.67, 2.57±0.90, 2.84±0.91 and 2.77±1.00 in lactulose groups, respectively (p=0.10, 0.11, 0.60, 0.51). Thirty-two (76.2%) patients in schemes and 24 (54.5%) patients in lactulose groups were treated at the end of the protocol as they did not meet the Rome III criteria for constipation (p=0.04). In schemes group, patients reported no undesirable effects, whereas seven (15.9%) in lactulose group reported flatulence (p=0.02).

Conclusions: Studied schemes were as effective as lactulose, a gold standard to manage constipation. Results demonstrated that TPM schemes and recommendations, as lifestyle modification, for at least 3 months can be introduced as cheap, available and accessible approaches for the management of constipation.
Ceramics as indicators of Late Bronze Age environments at Zürich-Alpenquai (Switzerland)
Authors: Jennings Benjamin R
Published: July 2015

Lake-dwellings in the northern Alpine region are renowned for their extraordinary organic
preservation. In addition to organic remains, thousands of ceramic sherds are also recovered. This paper
addresses ceramic sherds from the Late Bronze Age site Zürich-Alpenquai, and assesses over 2000 sherds for
indications of erosion and abrasion in addition to quantifying sherd size and plotting the spatial distribution
of these factors. Recording such wear patterns can provide indications of deposition practices in addition
to environmental conditions pre- and post-deposition. In this manner the study of ceramic remains from
wetland sites for abrasion can complement environmental studies addressing conditions at the time of
artefact deposition, and contribute to discussions of influences for lake-settlement abandonment.
Against Smallism And Localism
Authors: de Oliveira Guilherme Sanches , Chemero Anthony
Published: July 2015

The question whether cognition ever extends beyond the head is widely considered to be an empirical issue. And yet, all the evidence amassed in recent years has not sufficed to settle the debate. In this paper we suggest that this is because the debate is not really an empirical one, but rather a matter of definition. Traditional cognitive science can be identified as wedded to the ideals of “smallism” and “localism”. We criticize these ideals and articulate a case in favor of extended cognition by highlighting the historical pedigree and conceptual adequacy of related empirical and theoretical work.
REC: Just Radical Enough
Authors: Myin Erik , Hutto Daniel D.
Published: July 2015

We address some frequently encountered criticisms of Radical Embodied/Enactive Cognition. Contrary to the claims that the position is too radical, or not sufficiently so, we claim REC is just radical enough.
Postmortem Values of Thyroxine and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Authors: Coe JI
Published: July 2015

while morphological changes may be correlated with physiological abnormalities, such associations are usually apparent only when the anatomic pathology is severe. Marked biochemical abnormalities may exist with little or no apparent tissue change. Conversely striking anatomic lesions may have no significant laboratory findings. It is for this reason that any pathologist is interested in postmortem chemical studies hoping he may be able to determine physiological abnormalities that existed while the patient was alive. This is particularly true of the forensic pathologist who usually has no antemortem hospital studies to assist him.
Report of a Human Fatality Due to Caffeine
Authors: Alstott RL , Miller AJ , Forney RB
Published: July 2015

Caffeine (1-, 3-, 7-trimethylxanthine) is probably the most widely used and socially acceptable drug in the world today. The United States alone uses more than three billion pounds of coffee annually. A cup of brewed coffee beverage will contain from 100 to 150 mg of the alkaloid per 8 oz portion, while tea contains 30 to 50 mg per 8 oz portion and cola drinks contain about 1 mg per oz. In addition to the consumption of caffeine in beverage form, many prescription, as well as over-the-counter drugs contain varying amounts of caffeine. An example of the former is Cafergot® (Sandoz Pharmaceuticals) while No-Doz® (J. B. Williams Co.) and analgesics such as Empirin® (Burroughs-Wellcome & Co.) or diuretic preparations such as Aqua-Ban® (The Thompson Medical Co.) exemplify the latter. Caffeine is not generally considered to be a drug of misuse although it has mild cortical stimulatory properties. Excessive consumption of the compound is generally prevented by another of its pharmacological properties, that of potent gastric irritation. The individual bent on misuse usually vomits before a lethal amount of the drug can be consumed. In rate instances, however, it is possible to ingest enough caffeine to cause death. Such an instance occurred in Benton County, Indiana in 1964, when an individual contemplating suicide ingested a minimum of 6.5 g and possibly as much as 9–12 g of caffeine alkaloid.
Incidence of Propoxyphene Poisoning: A Report of Fatal Cases
Authors: Cravey RH , Shaw RF , Nakamura GR
Published: July 2015

Propoxyphene hydrochloride, since its introduction in late 1957, has become a widely prescribed drug because of its presumed efficacy as an equivalent to narcotics and its low incidence of side effects. Miller [1], based on his critical review of the drug, found that dextropropoxyphene is ironically “no more effective than aspirin or codeine and may even be inferior to those analgesics” although more prescriptions for dextropropoxyphene were dispensed in this country in 1969 than for any other drug.
The Relevancy of Drug Control in the United States during the Seventies
Authors: Ingersoll JE
Published: July 2015

With the spread of drug use and abuse in this country, events relating to drugs have become increasingly prominent in the news. It is anticipated that throughout the seventies this problem will continue to be one of the major social problems in the United States. If an answer to curbing the drug problem is to be found in the next decade, the activities of the Federal government in the past must be examined with a view towards correcting prior mistakes and reducing or eliminating them in the future.
Examination of Firing Pin Impressions by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Grove CA , Judd G , Horn R
Published: July 2015

Several investigations [1–4] have been conducted in order to show the applicability of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to the forensic sciences including the examination of firing pin impressions. These studies have shown, for numerous types of physical evidence, the feasibility and potential of SEM. However, as of now, an in-depth examination of one type of physical evidence has not been done. Thus, it is the purpose of this investigation to do an extensive study of firing pin impressions to determine the reproducibility and reliability of SEM using a number of samples and to develop a criterion for comparing firing pin impressions.
Characterization of Paint Fragments by Combined Topographical and Chemical Electron Optics Techniques
Authors: Wilson R , Judd G , Ferriss S
Published: July 2015

Automotive paint fragments are one type of physical evidence material which has been examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) [1,2]. The SEM-EDS can add to the information which can be obtained from a paint sample because the paint contains both topographical features and chemical composition data. Previous research has been undertaken to try to understand the nature of the variables involved and the criteria of data evaluation [1–4]. While these studies showed the applicability of the SEM to the forensic science analysis of paint fragments, the questions of reproducibility of the data obtained and of reliability as an identifying technique were not definitively answered.
The Adversary System: Role of the Forensic Toxicologist
Authors: Winek CL
Published: July 2015

It is most interesting to note that toxicology in general has become a very popular and paramount science in the last decade. Stimulated by man's concern with adverse health effects—specifically, drugs and alcohol, air pollution, water pollution, etc.—toxicology has become a common household word, although it continues to be mispronounced and, occasionally, misspelled. Table 1 contains a listing of the many titles that have been given to the author on letters addressed to him at the University and at the Coroner's Office. The ultimate was the receipt of a letter addressed to the “Chief Taxidermist,” Allegheny County Coroner's Office!!!
Students’ Extracurricular Activities in Higher Education and Its Effect on Personal Development and Academic Achievement (Case Study In Islamic State University of Suska Riau)
Authors: Diniaty Amirah , Kurniati Annisa
Published: July 2015

This study investigates the students’ extracurricular activities at Islamic State University of Suska Riau concerning the types and forms of their activities, background of the activity, benefits of extracurricular activities, and its effect on students’ self-development and academic achievement. 300 students who enroll at sixth semester in eight Faculties (Tarbiyah and Teacher’s Training, Sharia and Law, Ushuludin, Dakwah and Communication Sciences, Science and Technology, Psychology, Economics and Social Sciences, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry) were the sample of this study. The data were then processed statistically using percentages and regression of correlation. It was found that the type of extracurricular followed by the students were leadership (70%), those of whom had the motivation to add insight, knowledge and more critical thinking were (44.67%). Some students followed extra-curricular activity because of their solicitation or to follow the main stream (37%), some students did not get financial benefits from the activity (34.67%). Some other respondents felt that they could follow the extracurricular talents, interests and personal abilities (58.67%), and think about their future after graduating from the college (66%). Things need to be followed up by students and university staffs were the more active students who attend the extracurricular activities were the lower achievement ones. Copyright © 2014 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
المنهج النحوي عند البصريين
Authors: Yasmadi Yasmadi
Published: July 2015

the aim of the study is to identify the Arabic grammar based on  Nahu. Formerly, Basrah scholars focused on their study to determine Nahu and Arabic grammar. Although they agreed with Kufah group that hadits and word sayings of Arabic people can become references to in determining syntactical structure (grammar) of Arabic language. Thus, they  provide strong requirement to those references. Meanwhile the scholars made qiyas  as ijma` as Nahu regulations.  Copyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
Van-e cardiovascularis mellékhatásuk az inhalációs antikolinerg szereknek?
Authors: Nagy László Béla
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this review is to discuss the cardiovascular risk associated with inhaled anticholinergics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Several meta-analyses of data for tiotropium raised the possibility of an increased risk for arrhythmia, angina, myocardial infarction, etc. This review includes the data of retrospective studies of databases using databases, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses of clinical trials. The conclusions of studies were inconsistent. In most clinical trials the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events was similar in active treatment and placebo groups, especially in patients with previous cardiovascular diseases. Considering meta-analyses, there is little, if any, evidence for the association between anticholinergics and the development of cardiovascular symptoms. The author discusses the presence and function of cholinergic receptor subtypes in human heart, and cardiac functions controlled by the autonomic nervous system via these receptors, their possible role, and pharmacokinetic properties of inhaled anticholinergics. The author concludes that it is not possible to find evidence of increased cardiovascular harm of inhaled anticholinergics. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(31), 1246–1252.
Synthesis of 5-thiocarbomoyl- and 5-(thiazol-2-yl)-2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydro-1Н-pyrido[1,2-a]quinoline-5-carbonitriles
Authors: Poluikova A. A. , Platonova A. Yu. , Glukhareva T. V. , Morzherin Yu. Yu.
Published: July 2015

The tert-amino effect cyclizations are an efficient and convenient route to synthetically as well as biologically important ring-fused tetrahydroquinolines. The method is operationally simple and highly diastereoselective. Herein we representour studies of the tert-amino effect reaction ortho-dialkylaminobenzaldehydes and cyanthioacetamide or [4-aryl-1,3-thiazol-2yl]acetonitrile.It was found 9-chloro-5-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)-2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydro-1Н-pyrido[1,2-a]quinoline-5-carbinitrile can easily be obtained from 9-chloro-5-cyano-2,3,4,4а,5,6-hexahydro-1H-pyrido[1,2-a] quinoline-5-carbothioamide andα-bromoacetophenone condensation.
6-Aminotriazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as precursors of 1,2,4-triazolo[5,1-b]purines
Authors: Savateev K. V. , Borisov S. S. , Voinkov E. K. , Ulomsky E. N. , Rusinov V. L. , Chupakhin O. N.
Published: July 2015

Triazolo[5,1-b]purines are rare structural analogues of natural nucleosides and nucleobases purine  series. At the same time, prominent representatives of azolopurines exhibit a broad spectrum of   antiviral effect, activity against of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and etc.  Despite the practical value azolo[5,1-b]purines extremely sparingly represented in the chemical literature, due to the complexity of their synthesis. We suggest a convenient way to synthesize   triazolopurines with aminotriazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines (2) as available starting compounds obtained in good yield by reduction of nitro derivatives (1).
Physicochemical properties of the complex oxides in Sm-Ba-Me-Cu-O (Me = Fe, Co) systems
Authors: Volkova N. E. , Deryabina K. M. , Gavrilova L. Ya. , Cherepanov V. A.
Published: July 2015

The present work was focused on the studies of crystal structure, oxygen nonstoichiometry, thermal expansion of SmBaCo2−xCuxO6-δ and SmBaFe2−xCuxO6-δ. Values of the oxygen content in complex oxides SmBaCo2‑xCuxО6‑δ were determined over a wide temperature range in air using high temperature thermogravimetry and iodometric titration. Also, chemical stability with respect to Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 and Zr0.85Y0.15O1.93 two common solid electrolyte materials used for SOFCs was evaluated.
The New ABCs: A Practitioner's Guide to Neuroscience-Informed Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
Authors: Field Thomas A. , Beeson Eric T. , Jones Laura K.
Published: July 2015

Cognitive-behavioral therapy models are evolving to take into account the impact of physiological responses on client distress and the secondary role of conscious cognitions and beliefs in perpetuating distress and dysfunction. This article presents an accessible and practical description of a neuroscience-informed cognitive-behavior therapy model, in the hope that readers will learn how to apply this model in practice.
Young Women’s Experiences of Coping with Violence in Intimate Relationships
Authors: Ursa Marina , Koehn Corinne
Published: July 2015

This study examined the lived experiences of coping with physically violent living-as-married or marital relationships for women aged 19–24. Information was collected from five women through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the transcendental phenomenological approach (Moustakas, 1994). Three major themes emerged from their experiences. The first, within-person coping, involved self-soothing, enjoying positive experiences, cognitively rationalizing and minimizing violence, and personal beliefs, including spiritual beliefs. The second, managing violence within the relationship, included purposeful communication, managing violence, and escape. The third related to experiences with informal and formal support. Spirituality and the role of others are also explored in some detail. Implications for clinical mental health practice and directions for future research are discussed.
Ruling the Void. The Hollowing of Western Democracy de Peter Mair
Authors: Martínez González Víctor Hugo
Published: July 2015

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Una nota sobre el desarrollo de las ciencias sociales en América Latina
Authors: Yocelevsky Ricardo
Published: July 2015

El desarrollo de las ciencias sociales en América Latina desde la segunda posguerra es examinado a través de una periodización que distingue tres paradigmas que han sido dominantes en ese campo: éstos han sido definidos en el contexto de su significación ideológica y su influencia en las políticas aplicadas en los países de la región en el periodo. Abstract  The development of Social Sciences in Latin America since the end of the Second World War is examined through a periodization establishing three paradigms considered dominant in each period; these are defined within the context of their ideological relevance and their influence over the policies applied in the Latin American countries during this period.
Nuevos medios de comunicación y movilización transnacional: el caso del Movimiento Zapatista
Authors: Schulz Markus S.
Published: July 2015

Las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación facilitaron no sólo una globalización económica acelerada, también fomentaron la esperanza de configurar una robustasociedad civil y global de cosmopolitas solidarios comprometidos con el activismo transnacional. El levantamiento zapatista en Chiapas ha sido ampliamente considerado como el caso prototipo de conflicto social donde el uso de Internet desempeñó un papel instrumental. Este texto cuestiona e indaga en los supuestos generales sobre el impacto del uso de Internet en dicho conflicto. Para ello, se realizó una investigación empírica de páginas web y listas de correos electrónicos, referida contextualmente a las transformaciones de la infraestructura mediática de México a partir de los años noventa. El artículo hace un llamado a la cautela respecto a la valoración del papel que desempeña Internet como herramienta en los movimientos sociales, matizando aspectos significativos que contribuyen ya sea a sobre o subestimar dicho papel. Para concluir, se presentan varias hipótesis específicas a fin de orientar investigaciones a futuro.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from Thymus serpyllum and its antioxidant activity
Authors: Jovanovic Aleksandra , Djordjevic Verica , Zdunic Gordana , Savikin Katarina , Pljevljakusic Dejan , Bugarski Branko
Published: July 2015

The present study was designed to establish and optimize a method for
extracting natural bioactive compounds from Thymus serpyllum which possess
antioxidant, antimicrobial, antispasmotic and stimulant properties.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is a well-established method in the
processing of plant material, particularly for extraction of bioactive
substances such as polyphenols. The influential factors including extraction
time (3, 7 and 10 minutes), solid:solvent ratio (1:10, 1:20 and 1:30) and
particle size (0.3, 0.7 and 1.5 mm), have been studied to optimize the
extraction process, while using 30% ethanol as an extraction medium and
amplitude set to 65%. The yield of UAE was expressed via total phenol content
and antioxidant activity of the obtained extracts. The optimum process
paremeters were found to be: extraction time, 3 min; solid:solvent ratio,
1:30; particle size, 0.3 mm. Under these conditions, the yield of total
polyphenols was raised up to 23.03 mg/L GA and the highest antioxidant
activity was recorded (10.32 mmol/mg Trolox and IC50 3.00 mg/ml).
X-ray photoelectron spectra structure and chemical bonding in AmO2
Authors: Teterin Yury , Maslakov Konstantin , Ryzhkov Mikhail , Teterin Anton , Ivanov Kirill , Kalmykov Stepan , Petrov Vladimir
Published: July 2015

Quantitative analysis was done of the X-ray photoelectron spectra structure
in the binding energy range of 0 eV to ~35 eV for americium dioxide (AmO2)
valence electrons. The binding energies and structure of the core electronic
shells (~35 eV-1250 eV), as well as the relativistic discrete variation
calculation results for the Am63O216 and AmO8 (D4h) cluster reflecting Am
close environment in AmO2 were taken into account. The experimental data show
that the many-body effects and the multiplet splitting contribute to the
spectral structure much less than the effects of formation of the outer
(0-~15 eV binding energy) and the inner (~15 eV-~35 eV binding energy)
valence molecular orbitals. The filled Am 5f electronic states were shown to
form in the AmO2 valence band. The Am 6p electrons participate in formation
of both the inner and the outer valence molecular orbitals (bands). The
filled Am 6p3/2 and the O 2s electronic shells were found to make the largest
contributions to the formation of the inner valence molecular orbitals.
Contributions of electrons from different molecular orbitals to the chemical
bond in the AmO8 cluster were evaluated. Composition and sequence order of
molecular orbitals in the binding energy range 0-~35 eV in AmO2 were
established. The experimental and theoretical data allowed a quantitative
scheme of molecular orbitals for AmO2, which is fundamental for both
understanding the chemical bond nature in americium dioxide and the
interpretation of other X-ray spectra of AmO2.
Stability characteristics of the 500 mw Indian PFBR
Authors: Anuraj Vijayan , Srinivasan Goverapet , Devan Kunhiraman
Published: July 2015

After the successful operation of the fast breeder test reactor for over two
decades, India is now nearing the completion of a 500 MW (electrical)
prototype fast breeder reactor. This commercial scale power reactor is a
sodium-cooled, pool-type, mixed-oxide fuelled fast reactor. The stability
characteristics of the reactor are an important safety aspect to be studied.
In the present work, linear stability of the prototype fast breeder reactor
analysis is carried out using the transfer function method, while the
stability of the system is checked via the Nyquist criteria. For the
completeness of the study, transient analysis with various kinds of
reactivity perturbations was carried out. The response of the system in both
cases indicated that the system is stable.
Familial Apple Peel Jejunal Atresia with Helical Umbilical Cord Ulcerations in Three Consecutive Pregnancies
Authors: Jaiman Sunil , Gundabattula Sirisha Rao , Ratha Chinmayee
Published: July 2015

Apple peel deformity is a rare form of upper intestinal atresia of unknown etiology. Umbilical cord ulcers can occur secondary to reflux of gastric juice and bile as a result of the atresia and can cause lethal intrauterine hemorrhage. The authors report 3 instances of congenital apple peel jejunal atresia with helical umbilical cord ulcers afflicting all female offspring in consecutive pregnancies in a single nonconsanguineous family. There was no hemorrhage from the cord ulcers, but all 3 pregnancies resulted in perinatal death. Although familial occurrence is known, our case series is probably the 1st from the Indian subcontinent and warrants further research into the genetic mechanisms and possible ethnic differences of congenital upper intestinal atresia. The causation of sudden fetal demise in the absence of antecedent cord hemorrhage remains elusive.
Pediatric Pathology in the Year 2050
Authors: Singer Don B.
Published: July 2015

The study of pathology in fetuses, infants, and children had its beginnings in the mid-19th century. Now, 165 years later, hundreds of pediatric pathologists are in up-to-date practices throughout the world. They, and all medical practitioners, are just beginning to delve into the nanotechnical wave. Nanotechnology refers to the structure and activity of minute particles, molecules, compounds, and atoms. By 2050, as nanotechnical studies develop further, new diseases and variations of old diseases will be discovered. Aggregation of medical data from billions of people, a process known as crowd sourcing, will be digitally interconnected to the new findings with computers. Pediatric pathologists will contribute to this expanding science with new laboratory instruments, including ultramodern microscopes known as Omniscopes. Robots will be programmed to perform autopsies and process surgical specimens. Analyzers in chemistry, microbiology, hematology, and genetics will, in 2050, produce dozens or even hundreds of results within minutes. These advances will lead to better treatments and overall better health for everyone.
Studies for Controlling Human-Induced Vibration of Two Nielsen-Truss Footbridges in Malaga (Spain)
Authors: Jimenez Javier , Gomez David
Published: July 2015

This paper describes the design, construction and dynamic control of two new Nielsen-Truss footbridges in Malaga (Spain), over two important highways, MA-21 and A-7. The footbridges are two Nielsen-Truss footbridges of different spans between 45 and 70 m, with a reduced variable depth decreasing from the centre to the end. It was no possible to make a static test of the footbridges, so the client has asked for a dynamics and modal analysis test. This was based on analysing the response of the structure to human-induced dynamic loading by pedestrian movement (walking, running or jumping). Vibrations derived from such human-induced loads can cause disturbance to pedestrians or, in some cases, resonance of the structure. Different phenomena can to light through these tests, looseness in footbridge articulations, solid friction on the expansion joints and sliding bearings. The performance of the test has considered the identification of critical natural frequencies and damping ratios, the measurement of response induced by one pedestrian, the measurement of the response induced by a small group of pedestrians and the measurement of the response induced by a continuous flow of pedestrians. These analyses were then used to re-verify the structural project.
The Nature of Nationalism: Populist Radical Right Parties on Countryside and Climate
Authors: Forchtner Bernhard , Kølvraa Christoffer
Published: July 2015

This article inquires into how contemporary populist radical right parties relate to environmental issues of countryside and climate protection, by analyzing relevant discourses of the British National Party (BNP) and the Danish People's Party (DPP). It does so by looking at party materials along three dimensions: the aesthetic, the symbolic, and the material. The article discusses to what extent the parties' political stances on environmental issues are conditioned by deeper structures of nationalist ideology and the understandings of nature embedded therein. It illustrates a fundamental difference between the way nationalist actors engage in, on the one hand, the protection of nature as national countryside and landscape, epitomizing the nation's beauty, harmony and purity over which the people are sovereign. On the other hand, they deny or cast doubt on environmental risks located at a transnational level, such as those that relate to climate. The article argues that this apparent inconsistency is rooted in the ideological tenets of nationalism as the transnational undermines the nationalist ideal of sovereignty.
The Role of Immune Cells in the Brain during Physiological and Pathological Conditions
Authors: Franklin Tina C. , Wohleb Eric S. , Duman Ronald S.
Published: July 2015

Microglia are the primary resident immune cells in the brain, and because peripheral immune cells cannot access the brain, microglia are responsible for mounting a central response to foreign pathogens. However, these cells also play critical physiological roles in the normal brain, including synaptic pruning during development and synaptic plasticity and remodeling in the adult brain. These effects are mediated by cross-talk between microglia and neurons, including synthesis and release of cytokines that communicate signals to promote homeostatic control of neuronal and microglial function. In addition, environmental and psychological stressors cause activation of microglia as part of an adaptive response, but long-term or extreme stress conditions can lead to inflammation and disruption of neuronal function that contributes to “sickness” and depressive behaviors. Characterization of the signaling pathways that control normal and pathological microglial signaling and elevation of proinflammatory cytokines could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment of stress-related psychiatric illnesses.[Psychiatr Ann. 2015;45(5):232–239.]
Are Mood and Anxiety Disorders Inflammatory Diseases?
Authors: Boorman Emily , Romano Graziella F. , Russell Alice , Mondelli Valeria , Pariante Carmine M.
Published: July 2015

In the last few decades there has been a growing interest in the role of psychoneuroimmunological dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders. This article presents recent advances in the literature, from preclinical and clinical studies, suggesting that mood and anxiety disorders are, at least in part, conditions in which the inflammatory system is activated. The evidence-base comprises alterations in the peripheral immune systems of patients with mood or anxiety disorders, together with the development of depression- and anxiety-like symptoms induced by inflammatory agents. The reported anti-inflammatory effects of current psychotropic medications as well as the efficacy of anti-inflammatory medications in treating symptoms of depression and anxiety are also reviewed. Finally, potential mechanisms mediating the link between inflammation and symptomatology presented in these neuropsychiatric illnesses are discussed as well.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2015;45(5):240–248.]
Guidelines for Antipsychotic-Induced Hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Miyamoto Brigitta E. , Galecki Martha , Francois Dimitry
Published: July 2015

Treatment with antipsychotic medication can be associated with hyperprolactinemia, which may be asymptomatic or associated with a wide variety of side effects. Determining a baseline prolactin level before beginning antipsychotic therapy can assist the clinician in determining whether or not a patient’s elevated level is due to medication-induced hyperprolactinemia. If other causes of hyperprolactinemic can be ruled out, then careful consideration must be given to the risks and benefits of maintaining the patient on the therapeutic antipsychotic regimen. It is suggested that prolactin levels in patients taking antipsychotics should be monitored, but there is no consensus regarding frequency. Management of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia should be conducted on a case-by-case basis.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2015;45(5):266–272.]
Surface‐to‐tunnel electrical resistance tomography measurements
Authors: Simyrdanis K. , Tsourlos P. , Soupios P. , Tsokas G. , Kim J.‐H. , Papadopoulos N.
Published: July 2015

In this work we examine the applicability of surface‐to‐tunnel electrical resistance tomography measurements for imaging subsurface targets. Various issues of this special arrangement are discussed and explored by means of numerical model simulations, experimental measurements in a tank, and a field application. The geometrical factor was considered as a filter during the generation of the protocols in order to reject electrode combinations and problematic measurements. Different electrode arrays are examined and compared for various targets, and we concluded that, for the tested cases, the pole–tripole electrode arrangement produced superior results. Additional tests showed that the maximum distance between the electrode lines is strongly related to the nature of the prospected target. Furthermore, the study showed that the tunnel size affects the measured data and needs to be taken into account when processing surface‐to‐tunnel data, and the full incorporation of the tunnel into a 3D model proved to be the optimum among the tested correction schemes. Finally, we present a real case study involving electrical resistance tomography surface‐to‐tunnel measurements, and results are in comparable agreement with the findings of the tests with numerical and experimental data.
Video Surveillance
Authors: Rajpoot Qasim Mahmood , Jensen Christian Damsgaard
Published: July 2015

Pervasive usage of video surveillance is rapidly increasing in developed countries. Continuous security threats to public safety demand use of such systems. Contemporary video surveillance systems offer advanced functionalities which threaten the privacy of those recorded in the video. There is a need to balance the usage of video surveillance against its negative impact on privacy. This chapter aims to highlight the privacy issues in video surveillance and provides a model to help identify the privacy requirements in a video surveillance system. The authors make a step in the direction of investigating the existing legal infrastructure for ensuring privacy in video surveillance and suggest guidelines in order to help those who want to deploy video surveillance while least compromising the privacy of people and complying with legal infrastructure.
Stability Analysis on High and Steep Slope of Open-Pit Based on Limit Equilibrium Method
Authors: Xie Zhen Hua , Xie Ran Yi , Lu Xiao Yue
Published: July 2015

The stability of slope in open-pit affects the economic benefits and safety production of mining enterprises. From the two aspects of internal factors and external factors, this paper analyses the factors affecting the slope stability of open-pit, discusses the basic theory of slope stability analysis, and puts forward the criterion of slope stability based on the safety coefficient. The limit equilibrium method is chosen to analyze the stability of the high and steep slope of open-pit in this paper, and the SLIDE software is used for numerical simulation according to the actual slope model of certain open-pit. The simulation results show that the slope safety coefficient of the instance is 1.01, which is unstable slope. When the number of the slope blocks is more than 40, the safety coefficient tend to be stable. Blasting vibration has a great influence on slope stability. The results of slope stability analysis provide a scientific guidance for the prevention and control of the slope instability.