bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Profesionalisme Guru Matematika MtS/SMP Pesisir Selatan Melalui Pelatihan Merancang Penilaian Pada Kurikulum 2013
Authors: Nasir Wan , Utami Nita Putri
Published: July 2019

Situation analysis in the field illustrates that the assessment used by MTS / SMP Mathematics teachers in the 2013 curriculum has not been implemented optimally. One of the causes is the lack of understanding of MTS / SMP Mathematics teachers about the assessment in the 2013 curriculum. In addition, because there are too many SMP teachers in the South Coast, so not all teachers have received training. In other words, the prevalence of assessment training in the 2013 Curriculum. Therefore, the importance of conducting assessment design training in the 2013 Curriculum. This activity was carried out in three stages, namely preparation, implementation, and completion. The preparatory phase is carried out by coordinating with the State Junior High School in the South Coast, surveying the location of service delivery, determining the location of service, and technical preparation of training and instruments. The implementation phase is carried out with three methods, namely lecture and training, and exercises to design the assessment in the 2013 Curriculum, the last stage is analyzing the questionnaire and the work of the teacher to make a report. The results of the training activities showed that after conducting the training it was produced that 84% of teachers understood the design of the assessment in the 2013 Curriculum was obtained through questionnaires given to participants. Teachers have been able to design the 2013 curriculum  assessment correctly.
Analisis Tes Standar Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Kelas VIII SMP N 1 Sungai Tarab Semester Genap Tahun ajaran 2016/2017
Authors: Marhaman Marhmah
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran dan daya beda tes soal standar mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam kelas VIII SMP N 1 Sungai Tarab semester genap tahun ajaran 2016/2017. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif, peneliti hanya melakukan analisis data dengan perhitungan secara statistik, kemudian menginterpretasikan dan mendeskripsikan hasil perhitungan analisis data dari segi validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran dan daya beda. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari lembar jawaban siswa berjumlah 80 lembar, 2 rangkap soal ujian mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam kelas VIII SMP N 1 Sungai Tarab semester genap tahun ajaran 2016/2017 paket A dan paket B beserta kunci jawaban, dengan jumlah soal 50 butir. Dalam penelitian ini data diolah secara manual dengan menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Excel 2007. Teknik analisis data untuk validitas soal menggunakan rumus korelasi point biserial, reliabilitas soal menggunakan rumus Formula Kuder Richardson (KR20), tingkat kesukaran dan daya beda soal menggunakan perhitungan secara statistik. Dari hasil analisis data penelitian maka diketahui bahwa sebanyak 56% atau 28 butir soal tidak valid dan 44% atau 22 soal dinyatakan valid, dengan reliabilitas soal termasuk kategori belum memiliki reliabilitas yang tinggi (unreliable) karena memiliki koefesien 0,40. Tingkat kesukaran soal menunjukkan 60% soal termasuk kategori tingkat kesukaran mudah/rendah dan 40% soal termasuk tingkat kesukaran sedang/cukup. Daya beda soal menunjukkan 10% butir soal kategori sangat jelek, 46% butir soal kategori jelek, 42% butir soal kategori sedang dan 2% butir soal kategori baik.
Eksistensi Bimbingan Islam dalam Kegiatan Pendidikan di Sekolah
Authors: Meria Aziza
Published: July 2019

Bimbingan pendidikan Islam di sekolah, merupakan permasalahan yang perlu diangkat untuk didiskusikan. Diskursus bimbingan Islam memberikan pemahaman bahwa bimbingan merupakan inti kegiatan pendidikan. Dasar pemikiran yang menyatakan bimbingan merupakan inti dari kegiatan pendidikan, terlihat dari pengertian pendidikan, yaitu bimbingan secara sadar dari pendidik, terhadap perkembangan jasmani dan rohani peserta didik, menuju terbentuknya manusia yang memiliki kepribadian yang utama. Dalam pendidikan Islam bimbingan memiliki karakter dan ciri khas tersendiri. Pemahaman bimbingan dalam Islam lebih luas cakupan ruang lingkupnya. Bimbingan pendidikan umum orientasinya pada pengembangan potensi dan dimensi diri untuk dengan ukuran dunia. Sedangkan bimbingan pendidikan Islam, memberikan dua penekanan yakni dunia dan akhirat kelak. Perbedaan inilah yang berimplikasi pada penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Bimbingan pendidikan umum tidak mementingkan pertimbangan agama sedangjan pendidikan Islam menjadikan AlQur’an dan hadis menjadi dasar di samping nilai-nilai dan norma masyarakat. Namun demikian posisi bimbingan Islam di sekolah-sekolah umum, maupun keagamaan belum mendapatkan porsi yang seharusnya. Agaknya hal ini karena belum jelasnya konsep pelaksanaan, kurangnya professional yang membidanginya. Kendati demikian secara bertahap saat ini telah lahir konsep-konsep pelaksanaan bimbingan Islam, meskipun konsepnya masih bersandar pada konsep bimbingan pendidikan umum, dan cenderung memakai metode “islamisasi” agar terlihat seperti konsep bimbingan pendidikan Islam sesungguhnya.
SIFAT DAN ZAT ALLAH MENURUT ABDUH BERDASARKAN BUKU HASYIAH
Authors: Wirman Eka Putra
Published: July 2019

Rasionalitas Abduh jelas berbeda dengan Rasionalisme yang memuja dan mengedepan kepentingan rasio di atas kepen-tingan nash. Rasio bagi Abduh bukan target dan tujuan tetapi media untuk memahami dan menjelaskan nash. Ukuran kebenaran teologis adalah nash, sedangkan rasio bekerja untuk menjelaskan nash dan demi kepentingan nash (baca: wahyu). Sementara itu Rasionalisme menjadikan rasio sebagai tolok ukur, sehingga kebenaran dan kebaikan tergantung kepada sejauh mana memuaskan dahaga akal, bukan dahaga spiritualitas dan bimbingan wahyu (baca: nash).
MEWUJUDKAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERLINDUNGAN UMAT BERAGAMA; MERAWAT BHINNEKA TUNGGAL IKA
Authors: Hamzah Alirman
Published: July 2019

Kebebasan beragama yang dijamin dalam Pasal 29 ayat 2 UUD 1945, sering disalahartikan sebagai kebebasan untuk mengajak umat beragama lain masuk atau pindah kepada agama para penyiar agama. Karena itu tak ayal lagi, agama yang semula sebagai pemupuk persatuan sering menjadi biang konflik, sehingga mengancam platform bhinneka Tunggal Ika. Mengingat penyiaran agama adalah aktivitas umat beragama di wilayah public, maka untuk merawat platform bhinneka Tunggal Ika, maka diperlukan adanya Undang-Undang Perlindungan Umat beragama sebagai perwujudan dari Pasal 28 J ayat (2) : ―setiap orang wajib tunduk kepada pembatasan yang ditetatpkan dengan Undang-Undang dengan maksud semata-mata menjamin pengakuan serta Penghormatan atas hak dan kebebasan orang lain.
PERAN DAN NILAI PERJUANGAN MAHASISWA Sebagai Intelektual Profetik dalam Menjawab Dialektika Perubahan Zaman
Authors: Karim Shofwan
Published: July 2019

Aktualisasi peran dan nilai perjuangan mahasiswa sebagai intelektual profetik dalam menjawab dialektika perubahan zaman merupakan keniscayaan. Se-suatu jang harus dirumuskan, dipahamkan serta diaktualisasikan. Di dalam wacana singkat ini, peranan mahasiswa yang dimaksud adalah penjelajahan kesetaraan sta-tusnya yang menuntut ilmu diperguruan tinggi dengan statusnya sebagai kaum inte-lektual. Fokus diskusi di sini adalah status mahasiswa sebagai warga negara yang berusia di dalam rentang waktu 16 sampai dengan 30 tahun. Sebagai warga, elemen dan komponen bangsa dan ummat yang berperanan aktif, konstruktif, positif dan optimal di dalam masyarakat, bangsa dan ummat
CORAK PENELITIAN SKRIPSI MAHASISWA TAFSIR HADIS
Authors: Rais Za’im
Published: July 2019

Tulisan ini membahas tentang corak penelitian skripsi mahasiswa jurusan Tafsir Hadis Fakultas Ushuluddin IAIN Imam Bonjol Padang. Dengan corak ini dimaksudkan fokus masalah yang dibahas apakah hal-hal yang bersifat tematis (maudhu’i) atau metodologis (manhaji). Di samping itu, juga dilihat lebih jauh pendekatan kajian yang digunakan, apakah pendekatan normatif atau pendekatan empiris/historis. Selanjutnya coba dilihat keterkaitan antara pendekatan yang digunakan dengan kurikulum yang selama ini ada. Dari pembahasan yang dilakukan, ditemukan bahwa sebagian besar skripsi mahasiswa Tafsir Hadis membahas masalah-masalah yang bersifat tematis. Di samping itu juga diketahui bahwa hampir semua skripsi tersebut menggunakan pendekatan normatif. Dominasi pendekatan normatif ini sangat jelas disebabkan oleh kurikulum yang ada.
PEMIKIRAN KETUHAN IBN ‘ARABI DAN PENDEKATAN AGAMA-AGAMA
Authors: - Elfi
Published: July 2019

Konsep wahdatul wujud masih belum sepenuhnya diterima di kalangan umat Islam. Satusisi menyebut wahdatul wujud sudah keluar dari Islam namun sisi lain menggambarkan wahdatulwujud sebagai bentuk kesempurnaan hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan. Ibnu Arabi sebagai pencetuskonsep ini adalah seorang yang sufi yang taat. Walaupun konsepnya tentang wahdatul wujud agaksusah dicerna karena pendekatannya yang menekankan aspek esoteric, bukan eksoterik, namunsebenarnya ia tidak bermaksud untuk itu. Ia menginginkan bagaimana rasanya seorang hamba bisaberdekatan sedekat mungkin bahkan menyatu dengan Sang Pencipta, bisa juga dirasakan hambayang lain. Pengalaman inilah menurutnya, pengalaman dan pengetahuan tertinggi tentang Tuhan.Pendekatan yang menekankan aspek esoterik ini agaknya bisa dijadikan salah satu model pendekatandalam memahami agama-agama.
RADIKALISME, ISLAM TRANSNASIONAL DAN DINAMIKA POLITIK BINGKAI UKHUWAH
Authors: Karim Shofwan
Published: July 2019

Radikalisme selalu dihubungkan dengan gerakan dan perjuangan melalui cara  ekstrim dalam idelogi,  pemikiran dan   fisik. Akan  tetapi di dalam kenyataan tidak selalu benar seperti itu .  Radikalisme pemikiran dan ideologi yang tidak merusak lingkungan sosial tetapi dikembangkan dengan cara persuasi, maka secara umum  lebih bisa diterima oleh kalangan tertentu di kalangan kaum muslimin.  Di masa sekarang ada gerakan salafi yang dikaitkan dengan gerakan radikal fisik itu.Padahal keadaan itu tidak semua berlaku secara umum. Tulisan ini menjelaskan hubungan antara radikalisme yang bermula di Timur Tengah menjadi  gerakan transnasional Islam dan pada tingkat tertentu masuk ke Indonesia.  Antara lain dapat pula melalui partai politik. Untuk melawannya maka    haruslah dibangun pagar sebagai bentengi   dengan memperkokoh  nilai-nilai kebajikan Islam untuk menghindari  timbulnya  kerusakan bagi umat islam dan bangsa Indonesia secara keseluruhan.
FILSAFAT IBNU BAJJAH
Authors: Amril Amril
Published: July 2019

Ibnu Bajjah merupakan salah seorang filosof Islam yang hidup di dunia Islam bagianBarat. Transformasi filsafat Islam ke dunia Islam bagian Barat terjadi pasca al-Ghazali dan seiringdengan penyebaran agama Islam ke Barat, Andalusia, Spanyol. Hal ini sebagai bukti bahwafilsafat Islam tetap eksis pasca kritikan al-Ghazali terhadap para filosof Islam. Corak filsafat yangdikembangkan oleh Ibnu Bajjah, baik secara materia maupun forma adalah bercorak rasional(peripatetik, masyâ’iyah) yang lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh filosof Yunani, Plato danAristoteles. Sungguhpun demikian, bukan berarti Ibnu Bajjah hanya sebatas mentransformasikanfilsafat Yunani ke Barat Islam, akan tetapi ia tetap mendasari filsafatnya berlandaskan pada ajaranpokok dalam Islam yaitu al-Qur‟an dan hadis. Di antara tema pokok filsafat Ibnu Bajjah adalahmengenai filsafat metafisika, filsafat jiwa, filsafat materi dan bentuk, perbuatan manusia danfilsafat manusia penyendiri, yang merupakan maqnum-opus filsafatnya. Pemikiran filsafat IbnuBajjah ini bisa dikatakan sebagai pembuka jalan dan mempermudah pengembangan filsafat Islambagi generasi penerusnya, terutama Ibnu Rusyd.
Respon Civitas Akademika Fakultas Ushuluddin IAIN Imam Bonjol terhadap Peraturan Dirjen Pendis no. 1429/2012 (Perubahan Nama Program Studi dari “Tafsir Hadis” Ke “Ilmu Alquran dan Tafsir” dan “Ilmu Hadis”)
Authors: Muslim Muslim
Published: July 2019

Tulisan ini menelusuri respon civitas akademik Fakultas Ushuluddin IAIN Imam Bonjol Padang terhadap Peraturan Direktur Jendral Pendidikan Islam No 1429 tahun 2012 tentang Perubahan Nama Program Studi dari “Tafsir Hadis” ke “Ilmu Alquran dan Tafsir” dan “Ilmu Hadis”). Peraturan Dirjend Pendis tentang pemisahan Jurusan Tafsir Hadis menjadi dua prodi, Ilmu Alquran dan Tafsir dan Ilmu Hadis, ternyata masih direspon pro dan kontra. Segi sumber daya diperlukan reorganisasi dengan penambahan jumlah dosen karena tidak mencukupi syarat pembukaan prodi baru (6 orang). Selain itu, pemecahan 1 prodi menjadi 2 prodi berarti mengganti kurikulum yang sudah ada. Diperlukan perencanaan kurikulum baru untuk prodi IAT dan IH. Untuk perkembangan ke depan, IAT dan IH juga diharapkan mengembangkan spesifikasi keilmuannya sehingga prodi ini memiliki ciri khas di masa depan, misalnya; kajian Alquran di Barat, Kajian hadis di Barat, Tafsir Nusantara dan sebagainya.
FENOMENA HIJABERS MOM COMMUNITY PADANG
Authors: Fithri Widia
Published: July 2019

Pertumbuhan ekonomi masyarakat dalam bentuk industri  kreatif saat ini  salah satunya dikenal dengan Hijabers Community. Pertumbuhan ekonomi masyarakat berbasis komunitas ini dipicu oleh berbagai factor diantaranya kesadaran dan pemaknaan terhadap pengembangan diri sebagi muslimah sekaligus dimanfaatkan untuk menambah income keluarga. Fashion dalam hal ini menjadi icon dari hijabers community. Tulisan ini akan menggambarkan  realitas  yang  berkembang  dimasyarakat  tentang  kelompok  Hijabers Mom Community Padang.
PENGARUH EMPLOYABILITY PROGRAM BERBASIS KSA TERHADAP KESIAPAN KERJA
Authors: Ardias Widia Sri
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pelaksanaan Employability Program  terhadap  tingkat  kesiapan  kerja  calon  lulusan  perguruan  tinggi.  Teknik pemilihan subjek dilakukan dengan purposive sampling yang terdiri dari 13 orang mahasiswa  tingkat  akhir  di  Fakultas  Psikologi  dan  Studi  Agama  UIN  Imam  Bonjol Padang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen One-Group- Pretest – Posttest Design yang berarti subjek penelitian terdiri dari satu kelompok eksperimen saja yang dinilai kondisi kesiapan kerjanya sebelum (pre test) dan sesudah (post test) diberikan perlakukan (employability program). Uji hipotesis dilakukan melalui uji statistik Pair- sample-T-test dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa Employability Program secara signifikan meningkatkan kesiapan kerja subjek (p < 0,05) dengan indeks korelasi sebesar 0.615. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa 61,5% peningkatan kesiapan kerja subjek dipengaruhi oleh  Employability Program. Sedangkan38,5 % nya lagi dipengaruhi oleh faktor independen lainnya.
PETA PEMBAHARUAN PEMIKIRAN ISLAM DI INDIA
Authors: Amin Saidul
Published: July 2019

Indiaisanimportantlandinthehistory ofreformationofreligious thought.There are manyMoslemscholarswere borninthe “India subcontinent”, for example,Syah Waliullah,AhmadKhan,Amir Ali,Iqbal,Ali Jinnah,Kalam Azadandothers.Every oneofthemactually hasasameobjective,torestorethe glory ofIslaminIndia,butuseddifferentapproaches.Theseconditionsspawned manyIslamic Movements,suchasliberalist,orthodox,reformist,andnationalist. Thisarticlewouldliketohighlighttherootofthehistory ofIslamicReform Movement inIndia.
ILMU ALLAH BERBANDING ILMU MANUSIA (Studi Deskriptif Ayat-ayat Alquran)
Authors: Rezi Muhammad
Published: July 2019

The growth of sciences responses the growth of human brain. As mankind,human being gifted by God many bounties and special features more than other Hiscreatures. This growth make many changes and appearances in many aspects suchsocial, culture, and faith. Human always take many efforts to be better than the other oftheir species. Observations, writing, and practicing are the sign that human tend to bemove the brain. But the most important think should be hold is these all of this world isjust the great creatures by someone called Allah who has unlimited access to all of Hisproperties. But the creatures limited verily.
PERANAN ASBAB AL-NUZUL DALAM PENEMUAN HUKUM
Authors: Bakhtiar Bakhtiar
Published: July 2019

Ketentuan-ketentuan hukum yang terdapat pada Alquran cara pengungkapannya muncul dengan bervariasi. Untuk menemukan hukum yang dalam keadaan demikian selain memerlukan pendekatan kaidah-kaidah kebahasaan juga diperlukan pendekatan asbab al-nuzul. Pendekatan ini sangat penting karena turunnya Alquran tidak dalam satu waktu, tidak satu tempat dan tidak satu keadaan tertentu melainkan berlangsung dalam rentang waktu yang lama, turun di beberapa tempat dan keadaan yang berbeda-beda. Asbab al-nuzul sebagai bagian terpenting dalam menemukan hukum merupakan peristiwa, pertanyaan dan komentar atau petunjuk yang menyebabkan turunnya satu atau beberapa ayat sebagai penjelasan terhadap peristiwa, pertanyaan dan komentar atau petunjuk tersebut tentang hukumnya. Asbab al-nuzul sangat diperlukan dalam penemuan hukum agar sejalan dengan tujuan syarak, yaitu memelihara kebutuhan dasar manusia yang meliputi agama (hifz al-din), jaminan hidup (hifz al-nafs), kebebasan berfikir (hifz al-‘aql), kepemilikan harta (hifz al-mal) dan berketurunan atau keluarga (hifz al-nasb). Peranan asbab al-nuzul dalam penemuan hukum adalah alat untuk mengetahui dialektika antara nash dan seting sosial, mengetahui rahasia ditetapkannya suatu hukum, menghindari kesalahpahaman dalam memahami maksud nash, menghindari pembatasan hukum, mengetahui takhsis hukum, menyingkap makna hukum dari suatu lafaz dan mengetahui identitas orang yang menyebabkan diturunkannya suatu ayat.
KRITIK HADIS DALAM PENDEKATAN FILOSOFIS
Authors: Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman
Published: July 2019

The research or criticism of hadith is always directed at the criticism of sanad (external criticism; naqd al-khariji) and matan criticism (internal criticism; naqd al-dakhili). In the criticism of sanad (naqd al-khariji) the focus of the study is always directed at the quality of the narrators and the method of transmission used; whether the credibility of the narrators and the hadith is acknowledged and whether the traditions of tahammul and there 'indicate that he is a hadith of the Prophet. Whereas in the criticism of matan (naqd al-dakhili) it is more directed at the provisions that matan hadith must not conflict with the Koran; Mutawatir traditions or those of higher quality; historical facts; common sense; the five senses; and avoid syadz and ‘illah.Departing from the focus of the study of criticism of Sanad on the assessment of the quality of the narrators, the existence of the Science of Jarh wa Ta'dil is absolutely necessary. It is through this knowledge that the judgment of the critical scholars against the narrators is revealed by jarh or ta'dil or from the point of view of whether or not their transmission is accepted.
METODE PEMAHAMAN HADIS MUHAMMAD AL-GHAZALIY DAN YUSUF AL-QARADHAWIY
Authors: Markos Toni
Published: July 2019

تحاول هذه الورقة أن تصف كيف كانت طريقة فهم الحديث من شخصين بارزين وصديقينللحديث ، وهما محمد الغزالي ويوسف القرضاوي. في عص رهما أعطى هذان الشخصان دورا كبيراومختلف الأعمال العلمية التي كانت مفيدة جدا للجيل القادم .والفكرة الرئيسية وراء كتابة هذا المقال هي كتاب فهم الحديث الذي كتبه محمد الغزاليويوسف القرضاوي على التوالي. الكتاب الذي كتبه محمد الغزالي بعنوان السنة النبوية بين أهل الفقهوأهل الحديث. والثاني هو الكتاب الذي كتبه يوسف القرضاوي تحت عنوان "كيفا نتعامل ما السنةالنبوية ". في الواقع بين الغزالي والقرضاوي لا يوجد فرق كبير بينهما. انها مجرد أن لديهم خصائص وامتيازاتخاصة بهم. ومن حيث إن يوجد لدى محمد الغزالي أسلوب لغوي صارم وأحيانا مراقبون للصحيفةأو أشخاص يدرسون الحديث. في بعض الأحيان كان النبذ الذي انتقده محمد الغزالي فهما مشهورابين العوام، لكنهم صُدموا عندما انتقد الغزالي الجودة أو الفهم المرتبط بالحديث . قضية أخرى مع يوسف القرضاوي ، حيثما تفضل بلغة لينة ولا تحاصر الناس الذين يختلفون معه.ومن الأمثلة على ذلك رأي القرضاوي المتعلق بالحديثين الشريفين متسا ويان فى القوة أو على حدسواء. إذا لم يكن هناك أي طريقة أخرى يمكن الجمع أو الترجيح ، عنده يجب أن يكون الطريق هوالتوقف. لكن الغزالي في هذه الحالة ذكر على الفور من هذين الحديثين كانا متخلفين ، لأنه لم يكنهناك أي طريقة أخرى للجمع أو التعليق بينهما. حتى أن رأي الغزالي جعل بعض الدوائر تشعر
KIPRAH DAN KONTRIBUSI JAMALUDDIN Al-AFGHANI DALAM PEMIKIRAN MODERN ISLAM
Authors: Sukmanila Dwi
Published: July 2019

Jamaluddin al-Afghani as an Islamic warrior figure gave a lot of time in his life as an Islamic service and struggle as long as it was elaborated in the discussion above. in fighting he is uncompromising of the injustice and authoritarian nature of a government. This is a distinctive characteristic of his character who is firm in upholding the truth. His struggle inside was extraordinary, it was seen with his long-running actions in various countries to save Islam from the trap of materialism to divide Muslims. thus, Afghani and Pan Islamism tried to reunite Muslims worldwide, and open the horizons of Islamic societies to be able to live independently without expecting assistance from the West, in various aspects so that there was no dependence between Muslims and the West.
TEMA SENTRAL DALAM PEMIKIRAN JEAN PAUL SARTRE
Authors: Alfauzi Syukri
Published: July 2019

Sartre's philosophical thinking was a reaction to the situation in the first and second world wars, which he considered a humanist. The order of life oriented to materialism and idealism. humans are only considered objects, as 'parts' in large machines called societies and countries. .the relationship between humans and their environment becomes very formal, their thinking is based on profit and loss, everything that does not bring use / productive is considered to be worthless. Sartre's thinking offers a way of liberation by re-enlivening the conversation about human values, by opening up new possibilities that are better for the future life of humans. sartre again directed his analysis to the main problem about who is human who has freedom, independence and as an autonomous personal being.
KECEMASAN PADA DEWASA TUA (LANSIA) DALAM MENGHADAPI KEMATIAN
Authors: Ardias Widia Sri , Purwari Putri Intan
Published: July 2019

This study aims to look at the relationship between religiosity and death in older adults. The subject selection technique was done by purposive sampling consisting of 48 elderly adults. This study uses a non experimental quantitative approach. Hypothesis testing is done through the Pearson product moment correlation statistical test using the SPSS application. This study proves that there is a negative linear relationship between religiosity and anxiety of death in older adults. this proves that religious older adults have lower anxiety in the face of death. On the other hand, older adults with a low religious level proved to be more anxious in facing death.
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Santi Febri
Published: July 2019

Education is actually a study that is able to recognize, is able to accommodate all possibilities, understandheterogeneity, appreciate differences both tribes, nations, especially religion. These aspects are interconnectedwhich orients humanity. This course also aligned with one of the humanitarian orientation of multiculturaleducation in the context of the Qur’an is to seek recognition and understanding of SARA to understandheterogeneity, applying the multicultural nature of education itself. This study uses a qualitative approachphenomenologi.
Dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis C
Authors: Chernykh Elena Removna , Oleynik Ekaterina Alexandrovna , Leplina Olga Yur’evna , Starostina Natalya Mihaylovna , Ostanin Alexander Anatolievich
Published: July 2019

Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a public health problem; it establishes a chronic course in most (up to 85%) infected patients and increases the risk for developing liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and severe extrahepatic manifestations. The mechanisms of HCV persistence are largely related to the inefficient antiviral response of the host immune system. The effective clearance of the virus requires early activation of innate immune system together with the induction of a strong multiepitopic adoptive T cell response and long-term antiviral memory. Dendritic cells (DCs), which represent a heterogeneous population of antigen-presenting cells, contribute to the production of type I interferon, activate natural killer cells and induce adoptive immune response thus playing a major role in antiviral defense. In this case, DCs dysfunction in HCV-infection is considered to be the one of the mechanism that allows the virus to escape from the immune surveillance. The present review  includes current data focusing on the role of DCs in the anti-HCV immune response and highlights a number of key issues related to the phenotypic and functional changes of various DC subpopulations in HCV-infection, the mechanisms of DC impairments and the prospects for treatment of chronic hepatitis C based on the use of ex vivo generated DCs.
Comparative efficacy and safety of preventive treatment with cytovir-3 and arbidol in children during seasonal outbreak of respiratory viral infection (an open-label randomized clinical study)
Authors: Smirnov V. S. , Saveliev S. A. , Petlenko S. V. , Redlich G. , Erofeeva M. K. , Lyovina A. V. , Zavialova N. I.
Published: July 2019

Aim: To compare the safety and prophylactic efficacy of Cytovir-3 and Arbidol in an open-label randomized clinical trial in children at seasonal risk of infectious respiratory disease.Methods: This study was performed in the period preceding a seasonal outbreak of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) and influenza. The study enrolled apparently healthy children aged 6 to 18 years without contra-indications to either Cytovir-3 or Arbidol. Cytovir-3 was given as 1 capsule per day, each day in a fasted state for 12 days. Arbidol was taken as a 100 mg capsule twice a week for three weeks. Following dosing, subjects were followed-up for a further three weeks. Overall health and presence of symptoms of either ARVI or influenza were monitored daily in all subjects. The level of sIgA in saliva was baselined before treatment and measured at the end of the follow-up period.Results: Most subjects did not exhibit any change in overall health status during the dosing and follow-up periods. The first two cases of illness in subjects receiving Cytovir-3 were diagnosed at the end of the third week after completion of dosing. In those subjects receiving Arbidol the first cases of illness were reported at the end of the second week following the end of prophylactic dosing. All patients displayed a significant increase in sIgA level at the end of the dosing period, but this was more pronounced in the Cytovir-3 group. Conclusion: The results of this comparative randomized clinical trial confirmed the safety and tolerability of both medications, and that the prophylactic efficacy of Cytovir-3 is equal to that of Arbidol.
A role of impaired neonatal T cell activation upon late CMV detection
Authors: Kravchenko L. V.
Published: July 2019

Objective: examine signs of impaired neonatal T cell activation upon late cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA detection in the blood and urine.Materials and methods. 147 neonates with non-specific clinical symptoms were enrolled to the study. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were immunophenotyped by using anti-human antibody panel to stain for surface markers CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD3+CD28-, CD3+CD28+, CD3–CD28+, CD20+CD40+, CD28, CD40 (IMMUNOTECH, France) for further analysis on a laser flow cytometer Beckman Coulter Epics XL II. CMV infection in 123 neonates was verified by PCR, whereas it was negative in 24 cases. Further, 24 children aged 1.5–3 months negative for CMV DNA during the first month of life were later shown to contain it in the blood and urine samples as well as elevated anti-CMV IgG antibodies allowing to verify CMV infection. Results. It was found that upon late CMV DNA detection, amount of CD3+CD28+ T cells in peripheral blood was directly related to count of total CD3+ T cells regardless of CD28 expression. Moreover, the peak percentage of CD3+CD28+ (70–80%) T cells ranged within 85–90%. Whereas children upon early CMV detection the maximum percentage of CD3+CD28+ T cells was associated with lowered CD3+ T cell count (45–55%), it was also paralleled with high CD28 expression (higher than 3%). Importantly, T cells co-expressing CD28+ activation marker necessary for co-stimulation represent one of significant parameters used in diagnostics. Down-modulated CD28 expression abrogating costimulatory signaling and resulting in T cell anergy contributes to developing immunological failure in neonatal CMV infection. The data obtained confirmed importance of cell-cell immune and non-immune interactions for executing anti-CMV immune response within the first months of life. Finally, it is proposed to predict developing CMV infection depending on percentage of CD3+ and CD28+CD3+ T cell subsets in neonates manifested with non-specific clinical signs upon late CMV DNA detection.
Measles vaccination of children born to HIV-infected mothers (clinical and immunological aspects)
Authors: Snegova N. F. , Kostinov M. P. , Pakhomov D. V. , Ilina N. I.
Published: July 2019

Vaccination of children born to HIV-infected mothers in accordance with the national Calendar of preventive vaccinations represents an important issue. Upon that, measles incidence rate especially among unvaccinated children has been substantially elevated. Use of live measles vaccine in both HIV-infected children and mothers has some features primarily due to HIV-associated immunocompromised state that was poorly investigated. Here we monitored 212 children aged 12–36 months born to HIV-infected women, 184 HIV-negative children born to HIVinfected women who were included into the group with the diagnosis “Perinatal HIV contact” (R75) after verification. In addition, 28 children were included into the group” HIV infection “(B23), whereas 42 children — into the control group. Live measles vaccine was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 0.5 ml. All children were followed up for 36 weeks. HIV status, measles antibodies level by measured by ELISA and RPG methods, as well as total immunoglobulin A, M, G classes and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ lymphocyte counts were examined. No post-vaccination complications or severe vaccine-induced reactions were reported in HIV-infected patients group. A satisfactory course of the vaccine process in all children born to HIV-infected mothers was observed that did not significantly differ from that one in control group. Children with perinatal HIV contact are able to respond adequately to vaccination with live measles vaccine. The number of children with conditionally protective antibody levels, still remaining seronegative among children with perinatal HIV contact (R75) was comparable to that one in healthy control group. At the same time, children with perinatal HIV contact were shown to display protective antibody level after administering live measles vaccine only in 36.4% of cases, whereas the remainder (63.6%) demonstrated a conditionally protective antibody level or lack it (compared to 76% of children with perinatal HIV contact). Children with perinatal HIV infection who did not respond to the first administered live measles vaccine produced low amount of antibodies after re-vaccination. Seroconversion was observed in up to 68% of cases, whereas protective antibody level was found in up to 33.6% of child ren. On the contrary, children from the perinatal HIV contact group were shown to have protective antibody level in 69.6% of cases upon seroconversion rate reaching 91.3% that did not differ them from those in control group. In the post-vaccination period, suppressive modality of immune reaction tended to increase indirectly evidenced by increased percentage of CD8+ T cell subset.
Coherent fluctuation nephelometry in clinical microbiology
Authors: Gur’ev A. S. , Shalatova O. Yu. , Rusanova E. V. , Vasilenko I. V. , Volkov A. Yu.
Published: July 2019

In this article data concerning coherent fluctuation nephelometry (CFN) use in clinical microbiology is presented. CFN-analyzer allows to solve two important problems – fast urine screening for bacteriuria within 2-4 hours and antibiotic susceptibility testing within 3-6 hours. Altogether more than 650 urine samples were tested, and the effectivity of CFN-analyzer for preliminary selection of samples for further analysis was shown. Method allows to detect negative samples, reducing the number of urine analyses by 70-80%. Simultaneous analysis of growth curves and concentration of microorganisms shows high sensitivity and specificity (95.2% и 96.9%). Also more than 250 antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using CFN-analyzer to show its effectiveness for determination of resistant properties of both pure cultures and urine microflora without isolation of bacteria. The agreement with traditional methods was from 84% to 88%. The use of CFN-analyzer with express methods of identification of microorganisms (chromogenic nutrient broths or mass-spectrometry) allows to make full urine analysis within 1-2 days. In the future CFN-analyzer gives an opportunity to screen different human biological liquids, and finds an application for other microbiological tasks, including standardization and speeding-up in sanitary bacteriology.
Mimicking flower petals to fabricate self-cleaning and antireflective polymer surfaces
Authors: Mattaparthi Srinadh , Sharma Chandra Shekhar
Published: July 2019

This work explored a facile way to fabricate superhydrophobic and antireflective polymer surfaces using Canna indica flower petals. A simple, inexpensive two-step soft-lithography technique was employed to replicate the surface structures of C. indica flower petals onto two different polymer surfaces namely, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) — a hydrophobic polymer and resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) xerogel — a hydrophilic polymer. First, a negative replica was prepared in PDMS using the flower petal as a template. Second, the negative PDMS replica was later used as a stamp to prepare a positive replica in both PDMS and RF xerogel. These replicated structured surfaces greatly influenced the wettability properties. The contact angle of the replicated PDMS surfaces increased to the nearly superhydrophobic values of 145° (negative PDMS replica) and 144° (positive PDMS replica) compared with that of the plain surface, which is 101°. Interestingly, the contact angle of the replicated RF surface significantly increased to 151° (superhydrophobic) compared with that of the planar RF surface, which is hydrophilic (68°). Furthermore, the replicated polymer surfaces exhibited not only excellent superhydrophobic properties but also antireflective properties. These multifunctional surfaces with superhydrophobicity as well as an omnidirectional antireflective property may find a wide range of applications, such as solar energy harvesting, optical displays and marine applications.
An inspiration from the microstructure of the cortical bone in goat tibia
Authors: Hao Rui , Li Dongxu
Published: July 2019

When vigorous goats are running and jumping, their leg bones play a crucial role in dynamic loading. The hierarchical structure of diverse tissues at different length scales is commonly used to account for the superior mechanical properties of bone. Yet, how the goat tibia achieves its remarkable function remains mostly unknown. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to image the multi-scale microstructure of the cortical bone in goat tibia. A new processing method was utilized during the preparation of one of the three kinds of samples. The transverse and longitudinal sections of the cortical bone were observed thoroughly, and high-quality images of the internal organizations are acquired. Some interesting findings, including the two-layered character of cortical bone and the microstructure near osteocyte lacunae, are discussed. A three-dimensional three-level hierarchical structure is found accordingly. Then, the cushioning mechanisms are discussed by analyzing the structure–function relationships of the bone tissues. Finally, a structural model of biomimetic composite is proposed based on the authors’ insights into the constitution of cortical bone, which is expected to inspire engineers to design load-bearing structures with excellent mechanical performance.
Geostatistical analysis of strain localization in triaxial tests on sand
Authors: Salvatore E. , Spacagna R. L. , Andò E. , Ochmanski M.
Published: July 2019

Strain localisation influences the behaviour of sheared soils in a way that the assumption of the continuum loses validity and may become inapplicable. This occurrence affects the interpretation of triaxial tests where samples are usually considered as representative elements of an equivalent continuum and a phenomenological interpretation is carried out to calibrate constitutive models. Considering the inherent and stress-induced heterogeneity of the material as a possible precursor of localisation, the evolution of porosity and strain fields is studied interpreting with statistical and geostatistical analyses, the results of X-ray computerised microtomography. The study is performed on sandy samples sheared in triaxial compression and extension. The analysis carried out before shearing shows a meaningful statistical heterogeneity of the porosity with correlation lengths to the order of a few grain diameters. The evolution on shearing reveals the onset of a second statistical population and of an anisotropic spatial variation dictated by strain localisation.
Effect of pore fluid and wet-dry cycles on structure and hydraulic conductivity of clay
Authors: Thyagaraj T. , Julina M.
Published: July 2019

Compacted clays in landfill applications are subjected to both physico-chemical changes and wet–dry cycles. Physico-chemical interactions occur at the microstructural level between the clay particles and chemical constituents such as brine solutions or leachates generated from landfill waste. Furthermore, the volumetric changes during wetting and drying also cause microstructural changes to compacted clays. The microstructural changes due to the physico-chemical interactions and wet–dry cycles are reflected at the macrostructural level and govern the macro-behaviour of compacted clays. Therefore, this paper brings out the combined effect of the interacting fluid and wet–dry cycles on volume change, microstructure and hydraulic conductivity of compacted clay soil. To achieve this, the compacted clay specimens were inundated with distilled water and sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions during wetting cycles. The experimental results showed that the ability of clay particles to swell at microstructural level and decrease the size of macropores in compacted clay was completely lost with 4 M sodium chloride solution and with increase in wet–dry cycles. Thus, the hydraulic conductivity of compacted clay specimen inundated with 4 M sodium chloride solution was unusually high at the end of the second and further wetting cycles even when subjected to higher effective confining pressures.
Ontología y lenguaje: verdad y sentido en el umbral de las dos culturas
Authors: Corona Fernández Javier
Published: July 2019

This article proposes an exploration of the implications between language and ontology in the light of two different traditions. On the one hand, the scope of the scientific statement and the relationships between meaning and truth: knowledge as the activity of describing a world that is made up of particular facts; on the other, the historical consideration whose objective is to understand a multiformed reality, where language does not only enunciate facts, but builds a meaning of the world in which human life finds the significant elements of its concrete reality. To put these two sites in perspective, it is assumed that in their development, philosophy and science were interconnected. However, as knowledge expanded, field differentiation became more and more necessary. But that strict parceling must be left behind; today a new critical reflection is required that goes beyond the dichotomy of Natural Sciences and Human or Spirit Sciences. At present, this schematism is the manifestation of an illusory understanding of nature as if it were an area of reality alien to man, and as if human beings were a ‘subject’ disconnected from the natural order. This classification evidences a rupture between nature and society, which obstructs the possibilities of an ontological gaze absent from prejudices. 21st century humanism must overcome such disjunction, as science is an essential activity for human beings to be present in multiple spheres of culture, from health services to food production, communications, recreation, politics, economics, education, etcetera. And, reciprocally, philosophical thought has provided a perspective of totality that allows to notice that the knowledge, in any of its branches, participates in the same objective, scope and value. Reflection on language can open up to understanding the differences and closeness of a shared reality.
Lenguaje y referencia
Authors: Thaliath Babu
Published: July 2019

Like cognition, the language in which the cognition finds expression has, in principle, a function of synthesis, that is, a function of connecting the cognizing subject with the object of cognition. The language enables the human subject to have epistemic access to the object; in its form and function this epistemic access constitutes the necessary referentiality of the language itself. Cognition must inevitably refer to the object of knowledge in the mode of pre-linguistic sensory and abstract-conceptual accesses, as clearly highlighted by Kant in his basic notion of the synthetic nature and structure of conceptual knowledge. This points to an aporetic ambiguity of the epistemic referentiality of language. In the process of cognition the subject should have an epistemic access to the particular. However, the conceptual cognition departs from the particular and is directed to a general universal idea. The ambiguity between the referential access and the referential departure in cognition necessarily requires a supplementation of the abstractlogical through the pre-linguistic-sensory or aesthetic knowledge, as emphasized by Alexander G. Baumgarten in his doctrine of sensory cognition (cognitio sensitiva) and the aesthetic-logical truth. Such a supplementation within the framework of a theory of perception seems to establish a unique form of epistemological reference, in which the subjective-epistemic access to the particular object does not terminate in the ontological finality of a concept or conceptual cognition, but transcends the cognition into the infinity of an aesthetic perception.
La voz y el exceso: aproximaciones especulativas, ético-políticas y educativas a la oralidad
Authors: Bravo Reinoso Pedro
Published: July 2019

This article explores an unattended component in the field of language philosophy, namely: the voice. Through the theoretical apparatus of representatives of the so-called Slovenian psychoanalysis, especially Slavoj Žižek and Mladen Dolar, it is intended to show that the voice is a communication component that resists its registration within the significant chain and on the contrary it is presented as a limit and, at the same time, an excess in meaning, which opens possibilities to think about the way in which the integration of the subjects occurs in the existing social order. In this way, the voice contains in its core a component that shows the antagonistic gap of the social, which would allow renegotiating the senses that order the social. The work constitutes a dialectical philosophical reflection on the phenomenon of the voice, since it explores speculative, ethical, political and educational aspects concerning this phenomenon, which aims to contribute to an understanding of orality over its instrumental aspects in the communication. That is, instead of understanding the voice as a secondary phenomenon in communication aimed at serving as a means to transmit a message, the voice appears as that which enables, interrupts and exceeds the communicative intentions of the subjects participating in the communicative dialogue. Finally, the article uses examples taken from the contemporary educational context, in which the way in which the voice bursts into education as an element of an eminently political nature is shown.
El desarrollo del componente estratégico dentro del marco actual de la didáctica de ELE: estado de la cuestión y perspectivas
Authors: Vázquez Graciela
Published: July 2019

El siguiente artículo se ubica en el campo de la Lingüística Aplicada, concretamente en el área de la Metodología de E/LE y el acento está puesto en la importancia de las estrategias de aprendizaje para el desarrollo de la autonomía. En primer lugar, se revisa la bibliografía existente en cuanto a la terminología y las variables para concentrase después en la discusión de los aspectos positivos que la introducción explícita de las estrategias en los manuales ha provocado en las últimas décadas. El objetivo de esta publicación consiste en reflexionar sobre la inserción de las estrategias en el currículo, es más, aboga por un modelo donde las estrategias constituyen una bisagra entre la intervención docente y la autonomía del estudiantado. Asimismo se proporcionan ejemplos de manuales que han incorporado las estrategias como parte del proceso de aprendizaje. Se concluye haciendo alusión a aquellas áreas donde las estrategias podrían cumplir una función de apoyo considerable: la enseñanza de lenguas a inmigrantes y en el marco del aprendizaje plurilingüe.
El tratamiento de adjetivos en diccionarios para aprendices extranjeros de español
Authors: Dam Jensen Helle , Tarp Sven
Published: July 2019

Los aprendices extranjeros que redactan textos en español se enfrentan a menudo con dudas sobre las propiedades sintácticas de los adjetivos, entre ellas, su anteposición o posposición. Basado en un pequeño ejercicio y un análisis crítico de cuatro diccionarios para aprendices extranjeros del español, este artículo propone un modelo de cómo se pueden tratar las combinaciones sintácticas en futuros diccionarios digitales para este grupo de usuarios.
Presentación
Authors: Editorial Consejo
Published: July 2019

El número 2 de la Revista Internacional de Lenguas Extranjeras (RILE) presenta estudios centrados en el ámbito de Español como Lengua Extranjera, trabajos en los que, como puede observarse, se abordan cuestiones de muy diferente índole:interculturalidad, colocaciones, literatura y fonética.
Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo y el mundo hispánico
Authors: Pié Jahn Guillermo , Razafimbelo Irina
Published: July 2019

Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo (Antananarivo, 1901–1937) es el escritor más importante de Madagascar y uno de los autores africanos francófonos más reputados y universales. Además de en malgache y en francés, Rabearivelo escribió poesía en español, décadas antes de que naciera la literatura ecuatoguineana. Por ello, podemos considerarlo el primer escritor contemporáneo en lengua española del África subsahariana. Tradujo a Góngora al idioma malgache, por lo que fue también el primer traductor de textos literarios españoles a una lengua vernácula africana.