bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hepatosplenic αβ T-Cell Lymphoma: A Report of an S100-Positive Case
Authors: Dong Jingyu , Chong Yap-Yee , Meyerson Howard J.
Published: January 2021

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma is an uncommon neoplasm characterized by a lymphoid infiltrate within the sinusoids of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, without significant nodal involvement. The majority of cases express the γδ T-cell receptor and are associated with an isochromosome 7q cytogenetic abnormality. Recently, a small number of cases have been reported that express the αβ T-cell receptor. Here, we report our findings of a case of an S100-positive hepatosplenic αβ T-cell lymphoma in a 20-year-old woman who presented with pancytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly. The case adds to the growing literature of hepatosplenic αβ T-cell lymphomas.
Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Spleen in a 6-Year-Old Child: A Clinicopathologic Study
Authors: Sarker Ashit , An Caroline , Davis Mary , Praprotnik Darja , McCarthy Leo J. , Orazi Attilio
Published: January 2021

Inflammatory pseudotumors of the spleen are extremely rare in children. To our knowledge, only 3 cases of splenic inflammatory pseudotumors have been reported. An inflammatory pseudotumor of the spleen was found incidentally during the workup of vesicoureteral reflux disease in a 6-year-old girl. The clinical, pathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features and the differential diagnostic features are discussed here. Splenic inflammatory pseudotumors, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a mass lesion of the spleen in children.
Renal Medullary Carcinoma: A Report of 2 Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Dimashkieh Haytham , Choe Jong , Mutema George
Published: January 2021

Renal medullary carcinoma is a recently described aggressive neoplasm of the kidney. With the exception of 2 patients, all other reported cases have been associated with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies, mainly sickle cell trait and hemoglobin SC disease. Renal medullary carcinoma is a highly malignant tumor with evidence of angiolymphatic and distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. No specific genetic abnormality has been identified in this neoplasm despite its close association with a genetic disease. We describe 2 cases of renal medullary carcinoma, one associated with hemoglobin SC disease, and the other with what we believe to be the first reported case associated with sickle cell disease.
Multiple Pulmonary Leiomyomatous Hamartomas Associated With a Bronchogenic Cyst in a Man
Authors: Nistal Manuel , Hardisson David , Riestra María Luisa
Published: January 2021

Multiple pulmonary leiomyomatous hamartomas (MPLHs) are extremely rare lesions. We present a case of MPLHs associated with a bronchogenic cyst in a symptomless, 46-year-old man. Previously, MLPHs have been reported to occur in men; therefore, not all cases of MPLHs represent metastases from a uterine smooth muscle tumor. Because these lesions represent a tumorlike overgrowth of normal tissue, we think that leiomyomatous hamartoma is an appropriate term to designate this entity. The possible influence of inflammatory cell mediators in the pathogenesis of MPLHs remains speculative.
Coexisting Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor and Choriocarcinoma of the Uterus Following a Chemoresistant Hydatidiform Mole
Authors: Shen Dan-Hua , Khoo Ui Soon , Ngan Hextan Y. S. , Ng Tung-Yau , Chau Ming-Tak , Xue Wei-Cheng , Cheung Annie N. Y.
Published: January 2021

The epithelioid trophoblastic tumor is an unusual type of trophoblastic tumor. Herein, we describe a patient with coexisting epithelioid trophoblastic tumor and choriocarcinoma in the uterus. The patient had a history of hydatidiform mole with recurrent elevation of human chorionic gonadotrophin level that is resistant to chemotherapy. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination showed distinctive differences between the 2 trophoblastic tumors. The development of epithelioid trophoblastic tumor may be related to the persistence of locally invasive disease, which was unresponsive to chemotherapy. The patient responded well to surgery. The presence of an epithelioid trophoblastic tumor should be considered in chemoresistant gestational trophoblast tumor.
Renal Cell Carcinoma, Chromophobe Type, With Collecting Duct Carcinoma and Sarcomatoid Components
Authors: Gong Yun , Sun Xiaoping , Haines G. Kenneth , Pins Michael R.
Published: January 2021

We report a case of a 72-year-old man with a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that had both sarcomatoid and collecting duct carcinoma components. The 7-cm tumor occupied the entire lower pole of the kidney and infiltrated the renal parenchyma and the pelvic-calyceal system. Histologically, it had an area of classic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma that merged into a sarcomatoid component. Closely intermixed with the sarcomatoid component was a collecting duct carcinoma component characterized by highly pleomorphic, epithelioid cells arranged in cords, nests, and tubulomicrocystic structures. The cords, nests, and tubules were associated with a florid desmoplastic stromal response and numerous inflammatory cells. In addition, dysplastic changes were noted in adjacent nonneoplastic collecting duct epithelium. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the presence of 3 distinct components in this patient's tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid and collecting duct carcinoma components.
Malignant Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor Involving the Prostate
Authors: Pan Chin-Chen , Yang An-Hang , Chiang Hung
Published: January 2021

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) is a neoplasm chiefly composed of HMB-45–positive epithelioid cells with clear-to-granular cytoplasm and a perivascular distribution. We describe such a tumor involving the prostate and seminal vesicle in a 46-year-old man. The tumor had characteristic histologic features of PEComa. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for HMB-45 but negative for epithelial markers, Melan-A, and S100 protein. The tumor behaved in a malignant fashion, and the patient died of the disease 4 years after diagnosis.
The effect of the size and shape of wood particles on the tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the particleboard: Experiments and modeling
Authors: Vasiliev Sergey , Panov Gennadievich Nikolai , Dospekhova Anatolyevna Natalia , Rakovskaya Marina , Pronin Ilya , Kolesnikov Nikolaevich Gennady
Published: January 2021

One of the problems of sustainable development is the technologies improvement for the rational use of wood and other raw materials of plant origin. The literature reflects a large amount of applied research that was conducted to justify new technologies for the production of particle boards (PB). The main attention in the known works is paid to the influence of the particle size distribution on the strength of PB. The influence of particle shape on the PB strength has been studied to a lesser extent. In this regard, this article considers the influence of the shape and size of particles on the tensile strength perpendicular to the plane of the PB. A geometric analysis of the particle shape is performed. It was taken into account that the PB strength depends on the shape and size of the particles, as well as on the number of adhesive contacts between particles. To obtain quantitative estimates, formulas were substantiated confirming that an increase in the length of the particles and a decrease in their transverse dimensions lead to an increase in the PB strength. Experimental research methods were used, and mathematical modeling of the sample failure area was performed.
”Hvor kan jeg gøre en forskel?”
Authors: Fibiger Thomas
Published: January 2021

Denne artikel sammenligner to grupper af bahrainere i Europa: en lille gruppe dansk-bahrainere og den noget større gruppe bahrainere i London. Min analyse fokuserer på forholdet mellem diaspora og aktivisme, i relation til fx Sökefeld (2006) og Adamson (2002), og peger på, at aktivisme kan være både politisk og religiøs og rettet mod såvel Bahrain som det land, mine informanter nu bor i. Dette handler også om mediebrug og mediers betydning, hvor der er stor forskel imellem forskellige grupper af informanter. Blandt de politiske aktivister, som særligt har fundet sammen i London, bruges medier flittigt til både at følge med i situationen i Bahrain og til at påvirke denne ved at bidrage til medier, arabiske såvel som europæiske. De mere passive bahrainere, som jeg især har mødt i Danmark, forsøger omvendt at undgå at følge for meget med i historier om Bahrain og slet ikke at bidrage til dem, dels af frygt for regimets digitale overvågning og dels for at fokusere på livet i Europa, og hvordan man kan gøre en forskel for sig selv og sine omgivelser her. Artiklen kan dermed bidrage til en mere nuanceret forståelse af mediers rolle for en muslimsk diaspora i Europa.
Medier, diaspora og religion
Authors: Fibiger Thomas , Galal Ehab
Published: January 2021

Dette nummer sætter således samlet set fokus på sammenhænge mellem politik, medier, diaspora og islam, og hvordan sådanne sammenhænge får betydning for, hvordan arabiske diasporaer orienterer sig mod forskellige lande, herunder deres oprindelsesland. Artiklerne viser, at sammenhænge mellem religion og politik får forskellige udtryk, og at medierne spiller en afgørende rolle herfor.
La Celestina como modelo de Rafael Chirbes en Crematorio
Authors: Llamas Martínez Jacobo
Published: January 2021

Chirbes manifestó su inclinación por La Celestina principalmente en el artículo «Sin piedad ni  speranza. (Revolución literaria en La Celestina)», pero también en entrevistas promocionales de En la orilla, en entradas de A ratos perdidos, sus diarios inéditos, y en las marcas de lectura de las dos ediciones de la obra conservadas en la Fundació Rafael Chirbes (la de Peter E. Russell del año 1991 y la de Francisco J. Lobera et alii del año 2000). En este artículo se comparan los juicios de Chirbes sobre el texto de Rojas con la estructura y la forma monologada de Crematorio; con los tipos, las relaciones y el registro de sus personajes; y con su tono y ambiente ruin.
Melibea Lies
Authors: Scarborough Connie L.
Published: January 2021

Una lectura detallada de la Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea pone de manifiesto una característica única y notable de la personalidad de Melibea: es una mentirosa empedernida. Miente a Calisto, miente a Celestina, miente a su madre, miente a su criada Lucrecia, miente a su padre y, de forma más decisiva, se miente a sí misma. Aunque se puede llamar este último caso un simple ejercicio de auto-decepción o de auto-justificación, la propensión constante a mentir constituye la esencia de su personalidad. Melibea actúa guiada por su libre albedrío a lo largo de la obra. Decide mentir, desviarse del camino de la verdad, del sentido común y la consideración de las consecuencias de sus decisiones. Este rasgo fundamental de su personalidad contribuye a la tragedia, como aparece en el título híbrido de la Tragicomedia.
Acercamientos críticos a la Tercera parte de la Tragicomedia de Celestina de Gómez de Toledo: nuevas perspectivas de la celestinesca
Authors: García Álvarez Juan Pablo Mauricio
Published: January 2021

Presentación de la sección especial monográfica.
Siguiendo el guion, pero guardando el decoro: cuchilladas y libreas en la Tercera Celestina
Authors: Navarro Durán Rosa
Published: January 2021

La Tercera parte de la tragicomedia de Celestina se presenta como continuación de la Segunda comedia de Celestina de Feliciano de Silva; Gaspar Gómez tiene, por tanto, poca libertad al aceptar el guion de la comedia que va a terminar; pero encontrará un camino distinto devolviendo el decoro a los personajes. Lo hará haciendo que los  rufianes den golpes y cuchilladas a Celestina y que ella sea castigada como alcahueta públicamente, aunque se irá a la tumba por su propio pie. Y además el escritor dará pompa, comedimiento y gran generosidad al rico y noble caballero Felides, que se desposará en ceremonia religiosa con su amada Polandria, de igual condición. El objetivo del escritor es restaurar el orden social que su modelo dejó trastocado: el mundo de los rufianes, prostitutas y alcahueta se separa por completo del de los señores, con su exhibición pública de honra, riqueza y poder.
Paranotis halfordii (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae), a new species from the Kimberley region of Western Australia, in a recently described Australian genus
Authors: Gibbons Kerry Lynne , Dillon Steven J
Published: January 2021

Paranotis halfordii K.L.Gibbons & S.J.Dillon, a new species from the Dampierland and Central Kimberley IBRA bioregions of Western Australia, is here described. Paranotis Pedley ex K.L.Gibbons was recently described to include some Australian species previously included in Oldenlandia L. A key to the species of Paranotis is provided.
Flower size variation in Danhatchia (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Renner Matthew AM
Published: January 2021

Danhatchia novaehollandiae and D. australis were separated at species rank due to differences in petal length and flower opening, with the Australian species having smaller tardily opening flowers. From this, flower lengths for Australia and New Zealand are expected to be bi-modally distributed with peaks at c. 3 mm and c. 5 mm respectively. Quantification of flower size found flower length was unimodal, with nearly identical ranges in Australian and New Zealand plants. Flower size variation in Australian and New Zealand Danhatchia specimens has two significant contributing components, inter-individual variation, and ontogenetic variation where flowers increase in size as they age. Dimensions quoted by Edgar and Moore (1970) and Jones and Clements (2018) reflect upper and lower limits on the range of variation in flower size present in both New Zealand and Australia, respectively. Within herbarium material, 20% of flowers on New Zealand specimens, and 40% of flowers on Australian specimens exhibited signs of opening. There was no correlation between flower size and opening, as might be expected if the two species were both present in Australia and/or New Zealand. Neither the biogeographic context, pollination ecology, nor morphological evidence support Danhatchia australis and D. novaehollandiae as distinct species.
Dodonaea crucifolia (Sapindaceae, Dodonaeoideae), a new species from north-eastern New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Telford Ian R.H. , Bruhl Jeremy J.
Published: January 2021

Dodonaea crucifolia I.Telford & J.J.Bruhl (Sapindaceae, Dodonaeoideae), endemic to north-eastern New South Wales, Australia, and previously confused with D. hirsuta (Maiden & Betche) Maiden & Betche, is described as new. Dodonaea hirsuta is recircumscribed with the D. crucifolia components removed and with male flowers described for the first time. The distribution, habitat and conservation status of both species are discussed and a table is provided comparing selected morphological attributes. Images of the new species and D. hirsuta are provided. The identification keys in Flora of Australia and NSW FloraOnline are modified to include the new species.
Status of Serum Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Copper in Hypothyroid Patients- A Case Control Study
Authors: Athokpham Diana , Mohanty Shrabani , Pinnelli Venkata BharatKumar
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine abnormality in the world secondary to diabetes mellitus. Thyroid hormones are essential for growth, neuronal development, reproduction and regulation of energy metabolism. It influences the metabolism of all substrates including minerals. Many studies have shown that mineral metabolism is frequently disturbed in thyroid disorders. Aim: To estimate the levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and copper in hypothyroid cases and to correlate each of the parameter with serum Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), Free T3 (FT3), Free T4 (FT4) and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH), respectively. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on sixty newly confirmed hypothyroid cases based on the thyroid profile and sixty euthyroid cases were recruited as controls. Blood samples were collected from all the patients for the estimation of serum T3, T4, FT3, FT4, TSH, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium by autoanalyser method. Modified spectrophotometric micro-method was used to measure Serum copper using Bathocuprine Disulphonate Disodium Salt (BCDS) and Guanidine hydrochloride salt. The Statistical software namely SPSS 18.0, and R environment ver.3.2.2 were used for the analysis of the data. Results: Study results shows that mean serum calcium, magnesium and copper levels were significantly (p<0.001) decreased while serum phosphorus levels were increased significantly (p<0.001) in hypothyroid cases as compared to euthyroid cases. A significant positive correlation was found between serum Ca vs T3, serum Ca vs T4, negative correlation with serum Ca vs TSH, serum Ca has no significant correlation with serum FT3 and FT4. Significant positive correlation was found between serum phosphorus and TSH while significant negative correlation of phosphorus in comparison with T3 and T4. No significant correlation was found between serum phosphorus with FT3 and FT4. Suggestive significant positive correlation was found between serum Mg with T3, T4 and significant negative correlation with serum TSH, Mg has no significant correlation with FT3 and FT4, there was no significant correlation of serum copper with serum T3, T4, TSH and FT4 but significant positive correlation with serum Cu with FT3 were observed. Conclusion: The present study has shown that metabolism of minerals are altered in thyroid dysfunction cases. This study concluded that impaired metabolism of minerals like calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and copper can lead to various metabolic disorders. Preventive measures like supplementation of minerals or hormone replacement therapy can be initiated early to control these secondary disorders.
Living identities in the mosaic of consumption resistance practices
Authors: Alcântara Valderí De Castro , Cavazza Bruna Habib , Campos Alyce Cardoso , Prado José Willer do , Rezende Daniel Carvalho de
Published: January 2021

In this article, we aimed to understand how discourses and other social consumption resistance practices are articulated in the processes of identity reconstruction. The corpus was formed by in-depth interviews with consumption resistance practitioners. The analyses followed the directions of the Social Theory of Discourse, from the notions of social practices and discourse meanings. Our contribution is that the consumption resistance practitioners articulate discourses and other social practices in the processes of identity reconstruction marked by re-significances and contradictions, being therefore a hybrid and tensional field that forms a mosaic of consumption resistance practices. Specifically, we discovered that conflicting discourse orders influenced consumption resistance practices in a interdiscursive way, which articulated the reconstruction of identities. This included scientific, political, religious, animal ethics, environmental, social, and conscious consumption discourses.
Transferrin protein and iron uptake by cultured hepatocytes
Authors: Sibille Jean-Claude , Octave Jean-Noël , Schneider Yves-Jacques , Trouet André , Crichton Robert R.
Published: July 2002

The binding and uptake of 59Fe‐loaded 3H‐labelled rat transferrin by cultured rat hepatocytes was investigated. At 4°C, there is no evidence for a specific binding of transferrin which could be related to the association of neo‐synthesized transferrin with plasma membrane receptors. At 37°C, iron uptake is much more important than transferrin uptake; it proceeds linearly over the time of incubation, is largely proportional to the extracellular transferrin concentration, and is compatible with uptake by fluid phase endocytosis. The difference observed between iron and transferrin uptake implies the existence of a mechanism allowing the reutilization of transferrin after iron delivery.
The 5′‐end of bovine thyroglobulin mRNA encodes a hormonogenic peptide
Authors: Mercken Luc , Simons Marie Jeanne , Vassart Gilbert , peptide hormonogenic , Mercken Luc , Simons Marie Jeanne , Vassart Gilbert
Published: July 2002

The sequence of 370 bases at the 5′‐end of bovine thyroglobulin mRNA has been determine. A41 base untranslated segment was found preceeding the ATG initiator codon. It is followed by an open reading frame providing the first data on thyroglobulin primary structure. Analysis of the amino acid sequence demonstrated the presence of an 18 residue hydrophobic segment representing a putative signal peptide. Comparison of the amino terminal sequence of thyroglobulin with that of peptides known to contain thyroid hormones [7,8] demonstrated that the first tyrosine in native thyroglobulin is mainly found as thyroxine in the mature iodinated protein [8]. Our results clearly identify the amino‐terminal region of thyroglobulin as an important hormonogenic domain of the protein.
Incorporation of radioactive 35SO2−4 into immunoreactive pituitary lutropin
Authors: Rajyalakshmi M. , Arunasmithasri S. , Srinivas V. , Muralidhar K.
Published: July 2002

The terminal hexosamines of bovine pituitary lutropin are thought to contain a sulfate moiety. In order to test this, a biosynthetic approach was adopted. When rat and buffalo (bovine) pituitaries were incubated with radioactive 35SO2−
4 for 2 h in vitro it was observed that radioactivity gets incorporated into trichloroacetic acid‐precipitable proteins. When the radioactive proteins were treated with an anti‐sheep lutropin serum, radoactivity was found in the immunoprecipitate. The incorporation into rat lutropin like material was very marginal while it was very significant in the case of buffalo lutropin.
Metabolite‐controlled phosphorylation of hepatic phosphofructokinase proceeds by cAMP‐dependent protein kinase
Authors: Brand Ingeborg A. , Mieskes Gottfried , Söling Hans-Dieter
Published: July 2002

In hepatocytes 32P‐incorporation into rat liver phosphofructokinase is stimulated by glucose as well as by glucagon, the effects of both stimuli being prevented by L‐alanine [Eur. J. Biochem. (1982) 122, 175]. The phosphopeptides of the enzyme derived from limited proteolysis by subtilisin and from exhaustive tryptic digestion were analyzed either by one‐dimensional mapping on sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide slab gels and by fingerprint mapping, respectively. It is shown that in vivo stimulation of 32P‐incorporation by glucose or by glucose plus glucagon results in identical phosphopeptide maps, and that these maps were identical with those obtained from phosphofructokinase phosphorylated in vitro with catalytic subunit of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase. It is concluded that in the intact liver cell phosphofructokinase is phosphorylated by cAMP‐dependent protein kinase but that the state of phosphorylation is modified by metabolite control.
Preparation of an ϵ‐deficient chloroplast coupling factor 1 having a high ATPase activity
Authors: Finel Moshe , Rubinstein Menachem , Pick Uri
Published: July 2002

A modification of the chloroform extraction preparation of CF1, by elevating the pH during the DEAE‐Sephadex purification step to 7.8 yields a 5‐subunit CF1. Different 4‐subunit CF1 preparations deficient in either δ‐ or ϵ‐subunits, as well as pure β‐subunits are obtained by fractionation of intact CF1 complex by anion‐exchange high‐performance liquid chromatography. Unlike the 5‐subunit latent enzyme, ϵ‐deficient CF1 has high Ca‐ATPase activity which can be inhibited by purified ϵ‐subunits. After trypsin or octylglucoside activations all preparations have identical high ATPase activity. These results suggest that the subunit regulates CF1‐ATPase activity.
Localization of the initial steps in alkoxyphospholipid biosynthesis in glycosomes (microbodies) of Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Opperdoes Fred R.
Published: July 2002

Cell fractionation of Trypanosoma brucei cultured procyclic stages showed that the key enzyme of glycerol‐ether lipid synthesis, dihydroxycetone‐phosphate acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.42) was exclusively associated with the microbody fraction. These organelles contained in addition 1‐acyl glycerol‐3‐phosphate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.101) and acyl‐CoA reductase and were capable of utilizing DHAP, but not G‐3‐P, as substrate for lysophosphatidic acid formation. It is concluded that in T. brucei the glycosomes are the exclusive site of the synthesis of precursors for glycerol‐ether lipid synthesis and that they contain the entire pathway to form alkoxylipids from glycerol and acyl‐CoA.
Enhanced casein kinase II activity in human tumour cell cultures
Authors: Prowald Katja , Fischer Hans , Issinger Olaf-Georg
Published: July 2002

Casein kinase II (CKII) activity is enhanced as much as 2–3 fold in established and 4–5‐fold in transformed human cell lines when compared to that of fibroblasts and primary human tumour cell cultures where CKII activity never exceeded a basic level. The high activity of CKII in transformed cells and in established cell lines was reduced to about the same basic level after treatment with heparin, a highly specific inhibitor of CKII activity. The activity of the cAMP‐dependent protein kinase was virtually the same in fibroblasts and various human tumour cell lines investigated.
Halothane inhibits the neurotoxin stimulated [14C]guanidinium influx through ‘silent’ sodium channels in rat glioma C6 cells
Authors: Tas Piet W.L. , Kress Hans-Georg , Koschel Klaus
Published: July 2002

We have investigated the effect of pharmacological agents on [14C]guanidinium ion influx through sodium channels in C6 rat glioma and N18 mouse neuroblastoma cells. The sodium channels of the N18 cells can be activated by aconitme alone, indicating that they are voltage‐dependent channels. In contrast, sodium channels in the C6 cells require the synergistic action of aconitine and scorpion toxin for activation and are therefore characterized as so‐called silent channels. The general anesthetic halothane used at clinical concentrations, specifically inhibited the ion flux through the silent sodium channel of C6 rat glioma cells. The voltage‐dependent channels of the N18 cells were insensitive to halothane at the concentrations tested.
Association of newly synthesized pro‐opiomelanocortin with secretory granule membranes in pituitary pars intermedia cells
Authors: Loh Y.Peng , Tam Winnie W.H.
Published: July 2002

The prohormone, pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) is synthesized on ribosomes, subsequently routed to the Golgi apparatus and finally packaged into secretory granules where it is processed to various biologically active hormones (α‐melanotropin, adrenocorticotropin, β‐endorphin and β‐lipotropin). We report here that in frog and mouse pars intermedia cells, newly synthesized[3H]Arg‐labeled POMC is associated with the secretory granule membrane prior to processing. This association with the secretory granule membrane may be related to the intracellular transport and packaging of POMC and/or the facilitation of processing of the prohormone within the organelle.
1α,25‐Dihydroxy vitamin D3 (calcitriol) stimulates proliferation of human circulating monocytes in vitro
Authors: Ohta Masataka , Okabe Tetsuro , Ozawa Keiya , Urabe Akio , Takaku Fumimaro
Published: July 2002

Previous studies demonstrated that human circulating monocytes can proliferate in vitro when incubated with lectin‐induced factor(s) from lymphocytes [(1985) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., in press]. This study shows that human monocytes were induced to proliferate when incubated with 1α,25‐dihydroxy vitamin D3 (calcitriol) at physiological concentrations. The optimal dose was about 10 nM. Proliferative activity was examined both by measuring the [su3H]thymidine incorporation and by counting cell nuclei. Among other derivatives of vitamin D3, 1α,24 R‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 1α,24R,25‐trihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulated mitotic activity of monocytes. Addition of both calcitriol and lectin‐stimulated lymphocyte‐conditioned medium to the monocyte culture had an additional effect on the mitotic activity of monocytes.
Identification of a reversible inhibitor of plasminogen activators in blood plasma
Authors: Kluft C. , Jie A.F.H. , Sprengers E.D. , Verheijen J.H.
Published: July 2002

Fibrinolysis
Tissue‐type plasminogen activator
Urokinase
Blood plasma
Endothelial cell type plasminogen activator inhibitor
Protease inhibitor
Acetylated N‐terminal structures of class III alcohol dehydrogenases Differences among the three enzyme classes
Authors: Fairwell Thomas , Julià Pere , Kaiser Rudolf , Holmquist Barton , Parés Xavier , Vallee Bert L. , Jörnvall Hans
Published: July 2002

The protein chains of mammalian alcohol dehydrogenases typically lack free α‐amino groups. The blocked N‐terminal regions of the class III type of the rat (ADH‐2), human (χχ) and horse enzymes were isolated by digestions with proteases, and characterized by mass‐spectrometry supplemented with chemical analysis of the peptides and their redigestion fragments. Results were confirmed by synthesis of the corresponding peptides, followed by chromatographic comparisons of the native and synthetic products. The N‐terminal regions of the three class III alcohol dehydrogenase subunits are homologous but differ from the class I and II enzymes in both the exact start position and the amino acid sequence, which suggests that different N‐terminal structures are typical for each of the three classes.
Recycling of epidermal growth factor in A431 cells
Authors: Teslenko L.V. , Kornilova E.S. , Sorkin A.D. , Nikolsky N.N.
Published: July 2002

The fate of epidermal growth factor (EGF) after internalization by A431 cells was studied. First, cells containing 125I‐EGF‐receptor complexes in endosomes were obtained. Subsequent incubation of the cells at 37°C resulted in the recycling of 125I‐EGF from endosomes to the cell surface in the receptor‐bound state and the gradual release of recycled ligand into the medium. The excess of unlabeled EGF blocked both rebinding and re‐internalization of recycled 125I‐EGF to produce enhanced accumulation of ligand in the medium. The rate of recycling was shown to be much higher than that of EGF degradation.
Characterization of recombinant glycosylated human interleukin 2 produced by a recombinant plasmid transformed CHO cell line
Authors: Ferrara P. , Pecceu F. , Marchese E. , Vita N. , Roskam W. , Lupker J.
Published: July 2002

A recombinant plasmid containing expression units for human pre‐interleukin 2 (pre‐IL‐2) and the selectable marker mouse DHFR, was constructed and used to transform DHFR− CHO cells to the DHFR+ phenotype. Selected colonies were isolated and tested for IL‐2 production. Twelve highly IL‐2‐producing clones were amplified in stepwise increasing concentrations of methotrexate. The IL‐2 secreted into the culture medium by one of these clones was purified to homogeneity and partially characterized. N‐terminal sequence analysis showed that pre‐IL‐2 was correctly processed during secretion. SDS gel electrophoresis and chromatofocusing experiments in conjunction with neuraminidase treatment indicated a posttranslational glycosylation of the secreted mature protein similar to that described for the tetrasaccharide structure of the N2 form of natural IL‐2. This recombinant IL‐2 has a specific activity of 2.5 × 107 U/mg.
Age‐dependent deamidation of chicken αA‐crystallin
Authors: Voorter Christina E.M. , Roersma Eric S. , Bloemendal Hans , de Jong Wilfried W.
Published: July 2002

The major posttranslational modification product of αA‐crystallin from chicken eye lenses has one more negative charge than the corresponding primary gene product. These polypeptides were compared by peptide mapping after tryptic digestion and cyanogen bromide cleavage, and the charge difference could be located in a peptide, comprising residues 146–150 of the amino acid sequence of αA‐crystallin. Subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis with aminopeptidase showed that asparagine at position 149 of the primary gene product is replaced by aspartic acid. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of total lens homogenates from chickens of different ages revealed an age‐dependent increase of the deamidated αA‐subunit.
Amino acid sequence microheterogeneities of a type I cytokeratin of Mr 51 000 from Xenopus laevis epidermis
Authors: Hoffmann Werner , Sterrer Sylvia , Königstorfer Andreas
Published: July 2002

The complete cDNA‐derived sequence of a type I cytokeratin (designated no. 3) from Xenopus laevis skin is described. The deduced protein has an M
r of 51 888 and consists of a glycine‐rich head domain, a well‐conserved α‐helical region and a tail rich in hydroxyamino acid residues. Various cDNA clones encoding two different mRNAs were isolated that differed by short deletions/insertions and point mutations. These microheterogeneities are mainly located in a ‘hypervariable region’ at the C‐terminal non‐α‐helical region.
The maximum of the histone acetyltransferase activity precedes DNA‐synthesis in regenerating rat liver
Authors: Weiss Günter , Puschendorf Bernd
Published: July 2002

A pronounced transitory increase of histone acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.48) activity before the onset of DNA replication is shown to occur in regenerating rat liver. This effect is followed by an increase in the H1/H1° ratio at the start of DNA synthesis; H1° is replaced by H1. Histone acetylation and H1/H1° exchange are discussed as steps in the signal transduction for DNA replication.
Anthraquinone inhibitors of photosystem II electron transport
Authors: Oettmeier Walter , Masson Klaus , Donner Andreas
Published: July 2002

Various substituted 9,10‐anthraquinones were tested for their inhibitory activity on photosystem II electron transport. Maximal inhibitory activity was achieved if the positions adjacent to one of the quinone carbonyl groups were unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl groups only. The best anthraquinone type inhibitor found so far was 2,3,4‐trichloro‐1‐hydroxy‐anthraquinone with a pI
50 value of 7.75. This is well comparable to the most powerful known photosystem II inhibitors. As studied by binding experiments with 1‐[14C]methoxy‐anthraquinone, after covalent modification of thylakoids with azido‐atrazine, anthraquinones bind at the photosystem II D1 protein. Their orientation within the binding niche seems to be different from that of other photosystem II inhibitors.
Phospholipid uptake by Plasmodium knowlesi infected erythrocytes
Authors: Moll G.N. , Vial H.J. , Ancelin M.L. , Op den Kamp J.A.F. , Roelofsen B. , van Deenen L.L.M.
Published: July 2002

The uptake of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) in Plasmodium knowlesi infected erythrocytes has been studied. Whereas uptake of phospholipids, in the absence of phospholipid transfer proteins, is negligible in control cells, the infected cells can incorporate considerable amounts of added phospholipids. The uptake is enhanced by the presence of lipid transfer proteins. Doubly labeled [3H]oleate, [14C]choline) PC does not undergo any appreciable remodelling following uptake, which strongly suggests that plasma PC is used as such for the biogenesis of the parasite membranes. Transport of extracellularly offered PS and PE towards the intraerythrocytic parasite and utilization of these lipids by the parasite are confirmed by the observation that these lipids are converted into respectively PE and PC. The extent and rate of these conversions depend on the way the phospholipids are introduced into the infected cells.
A zebrafish engrailed‐like homeobox sequence expressed during embryogenesis
Authors: Fjose Anders , Eiken Hans G. , Njølstad Pål R. , Molven Anders , Hordvik Ivar
Published: July 2002

The zebrafish genome was found to contain two sequences which cross‐hybridize strongly with the engrailed gene of Drosophila. Several independent clones containing one of these cross‐hybridizing sequences were isolated from a zebrafish genomic library. Characterization of this region (ZF‐EN) by DNA sequencing showed that it shares about 70% sequence identity with the engrailed homeobox. More extensive homeobox homology (90%) was found relative to the murine En genes. The closest relationship exists between ZF‐EN and En‐2 where the C‐terminal domains (104 amino acids) encoded by these genes are almost identical. We also observed that ZF‐EN and En‐2 are very similar with respect to their transcript sizes and temporal expression patterns.
An enzyme which specifically splits a covalent bond between picornaviral RNA and VPg
Authors: Drygin Yuri , Shabanov Alexei , Bogdanov Alexei
Published: July 2002

An enzyme which specifically splits a covalent bond between VPg and picornaviral RNAs (tentatively designated Y‐pUpN PDE) has been partially purified from mouse ascites Krebs II cells. Using substrates labelled in vitro with125I‐Bolton‐Hunter reagent and a new assay based on Kieselgel thin‐layer chromatography, several biochemical characteristics of the enzyme have been determined, depending on the pH and on Mg2+, K+, spermidine and PEG concentrations, etc. We found that the enzyme does not ‘unlink’ VPg from comoviral RNA. We suggest that Y‐pUpN PDE represents a new class of enzymes.
Thermodynamic and kinetic control of ATP synthesis in yeast mitochondria: Role of ΔpH
Authors: Beauvoit Bertrand , Rigoulet Michel , Guerin Bernard
Published: July 2002

ATP synthesis rate, measured as the variation in external Pi concentration, varied as a linear function of either Δg̃mH+ or ΔGpin, in such a manner that the ΔGpin/Δg̃mH+ ratio increased while V
ATP increased. We also observed a linear dependence of the flux control coefficient of the Pi carrier on ΔpH. All the results presented can be explained by a relatively large ΔpH drop when V
ATP increases.
Affinity purified tetanus toxin binds to isolated chromaffin granules and inhibits catecholamine release in digitonin‐permeabilized chromaffin cells
Authors: Lazarovici Philip , Fujita Ko , Contreras Margarita L. , DiOrio James P. , Lelkes Peter I.
Published: July 2002

Tetanus toxin, a potent neurotoxin which blocks neurotransmitter release in the CNS, also inhibits Ca2+‐induced catecholamine release from digitonin‐permeabilized, but not from intact bovine chromaffin cells. In searching for intracellular targets for the toxin we studied the binding of affinity‐purified tetanus toxin to bovine adrenal chromaffin granules. Tetanus toxin bound in a neuraminidase‐sensitive fashion to intact granules and to isolated granule membranes, as assayed biochemically and visualized by electron microscopic techniques. The binding characteristics of the toxin to chromaffin granule membranes are very similar to the binding of tetanus toxin to brain synaptosomal membranes. We suggest that the toxin‐binding site is a glycoconjugate of the G1b type (a polysialoganglioside or a glycoprotein‐proteoglycan) which is localized on the cytoplasmic face of the granule membrane and might directly be involved in exocytotic membrane fusion.
Cloning of the pig aminopeptidase N gene
Authors: Olsen Jørgen , Sjöström Hans , Norén Ove
Published: July 2002

We have isolated four λ‐phages covering the complete pig aminopeptidase N/CD 13 gene. The sequence of 2.85 kbp encompasses 1.18 kbp of the 5′ upstream region and 1.67 kbp of the structural gene. In the promoter region we find a TATA box and potential binding sites for CTF‐1/NF‐1 and AP‐2. By sequence comparisons we have found three domains showing similarity to promoter regions of the genes encoding human α1‐antitrypsin and human intestinal alkaline phosphatase. The gene sequence includes the first three exons and two introns. It shows that a single exon encodes the cytoplasmic tail, the membrane anchor and the Functional peptide.
Antithrombin activity of the hirudin N‐terminal core domain residues 1–43
Authors: Chang Jui-Yoa , Schlaeppi Jean-Marc , Stone Stuart R.
Published: July 2002

Hirudin N‐terminal core domain residues 1–43 (r‐Hir1–43) were prepared from limited proteolysis of recombinant hirudin by V8 Staphylococcal protease followed by purification with reversed‐phase HPLC. r‐Hir1‐43 lacks the putative reactive site of hirudin (Lys47), but binds to thrombin (with K
i of 300 nM) and blocks the catalytic activity of the protease. The structural element which accounts for the thrombin inhibitory activity of r‐Hir1–43 is analyzed in this report.
Expression of retinoic acid receptor genes in neural crest‐derived cells during mouse facial development
Authors: Osumi-Yamashita Noriko , Noji Sumihare , Nohno Tsutomu , Koyama Eiki , Doi Hirofumi , Eto Kazuhiro , Taniguchi Shigehiko
Published: July 2002

Retinoic acid (RA) is known as a teratogen that induces abnormalities in facial structures which are made up mainly of neural crest‐derived mesenchyme. We investigated expression patterns of RA receptor (RAR) genes (subtypes α, β, γ) during mouse facial development. The expression of the rarβ gene is specific for the mesenchyme around developing eyes and nose, whereas the RARγ gene is expressed in the mesenchyme differentiating to facial cartilages and bones. In contrast, the RARα gene is expressed weakly and uniformly over the facial region. These results suggest that crucial roles of endogenous RA in facial development depend on differential functions of the RAR subtypes.
Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and chemical analysis in determinations of acyl‐blocked protein structures
Authors: Egestad Börje , Estonius Mats , Danielsson Olle , Persson Bengt , Cederlund Ella , Kaiser Rudolf , Holmquist Barton , Vallee Bert , Parés Xavier , Jefferey Jonathan , Jörnvall Hans
Published: July 2002

Peptide generation and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry in combination with conventional chemical analysis was used to identify the blocking group and establish the N‐terminal structure of six different proteins at the nanomole level. In this manner, the first terminal structures of three non‐mammalian alcohol dehydrogenases were determined, demonstrating the presence of N‐terminal acetylation in these piscine, amphibian, and avian enzymes. Similarly, two different yeast glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenases and a minor variant of a human alcohol dehydrogenase were found to be acetylated. The exact end location of C‐terminal structures was also established. Together, the analyses permit the definition of terminal regions and blocking groups, thus facilitating the delineation of remaining structures.
InsP3‐ and Ca2+‐induced Ca2+ release in single mouse oocytes
Authors: Peres Antonio
Published: July 2002

To better understand the mechanism of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, mouse oocytes were micro‐injected with ‘caged’‐inositol‐1,4,5 trisphosphate (caged‐InsP3) together with the Ca2+ indicator Fluo‐3 ??? and monitor Ca2+ redistribution. Photo‐released InsP3 olicits [Ca2+], changes exhibiting several kinetics phases and threshold ??? oscillations were induced after a single InsP3 pulse. Autoregenerative Ca2+ transients could also be induced by injections of Ca2+ itself, demonstrating unequivocally the presence of a Ca2+‐induced Ca2+‐release mechanism in these cells.
Ubiquitin, a central component of selective cytoplasmic proteolysis, is linked to proteins residing at the locus of non‐selective proteolysis, the vacuole
Authors: Simeon Angela , van der Klei Ida J. , Veenhuis Marten , Wolf Dieter H.
Published: July 2002

Ubiquitin, an evolutionary highly conserved protein, is known to be involved in selective protoolysis in the cytoplasm. Here we show that ubiquitin‐protein conjugates are also found in the yeast vacuole. Mutants defective in the major vacuolar endopeptidases, proteinase yscA and yscB, lead to accumulation of ubiquitin‐protein conjugates in this cellular organelle.
Ethanol potentiation of GABAA receptors requires phosphorylation of the alternatively spliced variant of the γ2 subunit
Authors: Wafford K.A. , Whiting P.J.
Published: July 2002

The mammalian GABAA receptor is a multisubunit protein containing a variety of binding sites for psychotropic agents. One of the most widely used of these drugs, ethanol, enhances the function of GABAA receptors in certain circumstances but not others. Previous studies have demonstrated that alternative splicing of the γ2L GABA subunit results in an ethanol sensitive and an ethanol‐insensitive form, when combined with α and β subunits. We have used in vitro mutagenesis and expression in Xenopus oocytes to show that the consensus site for phosphorylation by protein kinase C contained in the γ2L insert is critical for modulation by ethanol but not benzodiazepines, and manipulation of the phosphorylating enzymes in oocytes containing α1β1γ2L can prevent ethanol enhancement. It is likely that phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of a specific site on the GABAA receptor protein can act as a control mechanism for neuronal responses to alcohol exposure.
The circulating bioactive form of human guanylin is a high molecular weight peptide (10.3 kDa)
Authors: Kuhn Michaela , Raida Manfred , Adermann Knut , Schulz-Knappe Peter , Gerzer Rupert , Heim Jörg-Martin , Forssmann Wolf-Georg
Published: July 2002

Guanylin is a peptide isolated from rat intestine that stimulates intestinal guanylate cyclase. We describe here the purification of circulating guanylin from human hemofiltrate. By N‐terminal protein sequence analysis 47 amino acids were determined. This sequence corresponds to the positions 22 to 68 of the prohormone deduced from the cDNA sequence of human proguanylin. Mass spectral analysis of the circulating peptide showed the molecular weight to be 10,336 Da, which corresponds to the mass calculated from position 22 to the C‐terminus of the peptide predicted from the cDNA sequence. Circulating guanylin markedly increased the cyclic GMP content of T84 cells. Our data show that the hormonal form of guanylin is circulating as a 10.3‐kDa peptide in human blood.
Functional regulation of GTP‐binding protein coupled to insulin‐like growth factor‐I receptor by lithium during G1 phase of the rat thyroid cell cycle
Authors: Takada Kaoru , Tada Hisato , Takano Toru , Nishiyama Sawa , Amino Nobuyuki
Published: July 2002

The regulatory effects of lithium on the function of pertussis toxin‐sensitive GTP‐binding (Gi)‐proteins located on the mitogenic pathway activated by insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) in FRTL‐5 cells were studied. Addition of GTP‐γ‐S to the thyroid stimulating hormone‐primed cell membranes resulted in a decreased affinity of IGF‐I receptor binding, and the dissociation constant (K
d) increased from 0.46 nM to 3.1 nM. Moreover, IGF‐I stimulated GTP‐γ‐S binding to a 40‐kDa protein, and pertussis toxin (PT) attenuated the stimulatory effect of IGF‐I on the same protein. Lithium lowered the affinity of IGF‐I receptor binding and the K
d (3.4 nM) was in the same range as that in the presence of GTP‐γ‐S. The inhibitory effect of lithium was markedly abolished by pretreatment with PT. Lithium attenuated the amounts of ADP‐rebosylation of the 40‐kDa protein by PT. In addition, lithium stimulated Ca2+ entry, similar to that by IGF‐I, and induced cell proliferation via a PT‐sensitive step. These findings suggest that lithium may be capable of modulating the function of Gi‐proteins coupled to IGF‐I receptors during the G1 phase of the FRTL‐5 cell cycle.
Calcium is necessary in the cell response to EM fields
Authors: Karabakhtsian Rouzan , Broude Natasha , Shalts Natalia , Kochlatyia Serguei , Goodman Reba , Henderson Ann S.
Published: July 2002

Previous research showed that exposure of human HL‐60 cells to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields increases the steady‐state levels of some mRNAs. Modifications in calcium flux have been suggested as a means of amplifying electromagnetic signals, and induced changes in calcium influx could hypothetically lead to gene activation. The present experiments tested the role of calcium in the response of cells to electromagnetic fields. Steady state transcript levels for c‐fos and c‐myc were determined under conditions of low extracellular calcium. The present study confirms that calcium plays a role in the response of cells to electromagnetic fields.