bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sur les emplois de θαλλός, θαλλίον à l'époque romaine et byzantine
Authors: Perpillou-Thomas Françoise
Published: July 2013

Plutôt que par une influence égyptienne, l'auteur explique par un enchaînement de métonymies le passage du sens de ces mots de «rameau vert» à «sac» et «cadeau», puis à «versement supplémentaire», et de là, peut-être, au sens de «taxe». Correction de lectures et de restitutions dans plusieurs papyrus.
Espaces sacrés, rites et oracles dans l'Œdipe à Colone de Sophocle
Authors: Jouanna Jacques
Published: July 2013

Survey of the three sacred spaces in Œdipus at Colonus (the sanctuary of the Eumenides, the deme of Colonus with the sanctuary of Poseidon, the grave of Œdipus) ; study of the usual rites connected with each one of these three sacred spaces (libations, sacrifice, purifying bath) ; study of the special rite of supplication connected with two of these sacred spaces (Œdipus' supplication in the sanctuary of the Eumenides ;Polynices' supplication at the altar of Poseidon). With that exceptional presence of the sacred in his last tragedy, with the noteworthy organization of the sacred spaces and their connexion with usual or exceptional rites, Sophocles appears as both the most pious of tragedians and a clever dramatist.
Le problème de la connaissance dans le De optima doctrina de Galien
Authors: Béguin Daniel
Published: July 2013

Galien a écrit contre le rhéteur Favorinos un opuscule, le De optima doctrina, destiné à réfuter la doctrine que professent les tenants de l'école néo-académique en matière de connaissance. Ceux-ci font de l'argumentation du pour et du contre un usage aberrant qui ne les mène à aucune conclusion ferme. Le véritable enseignant, d'après Galien, doit montrer à ses étudiants comment distinguer le vrai du faux en faisant usage des «critères naturels». Même dans les disciplines abstraites, l'enseignant doit prendre modèle sur l'artisan qui entraîne ses apprentis à manier des outils au cours d'exercices variés. Le néo-académicien, au contraire, est un enseignant «contre nature» qui n'améliore pas ses étudiants et qui discrédite sa fonction.
Accidental introductions are an important source of invasive plants in the continental United States
Authors: Lehan Nora E. , Murphy Julia R. , Thorburn Lukas P. , Bradley Bethany A.
Published: July 2013

• Premise of the study: Preventing new plant invasions is critical for reducing large‐scale ecological change. Most studies have focused on the deliberate introduction of nonnatives via the ornamental plant trade. However, accidental introduction may be an important source of nonnative, invasive plants.

• Methods: Using Web and literature searches, we compiled pathways of introduction to the United States for 1112 nonnative plants identified as invasive in the continental United States. We assessed how the proportion of accidentally and deliberately introduced invasive plants varies over time and space and by growth habit across the lower 48 states.

• Key results: Deliberate introductions of ornamentals are the primary source of invasive plants in the United States, but accidental introductions through seed contaminants are an important secondary source. Invasive forbs and grasses are the most likely to have arrived accidentally through seed contaminants, while almost all nonnative, invasive trees were introduced deliberately. Nonnative plants invading eastern states primarily arrived deliberately as ornamentals, while a high proportion of invasive plants in western states arrived accidentally as seed contaminants. Accidental introductions may be increasing in importance through time. Before 1850, 10 of 89 (11%) of invasive plants arrived accidentally. After 1900, 20 of 65 (31%) arrived accidentally.

• Conclusions: Recently enacted screening protocols and weed risk assessments aim to reduce the number of potentially invasive species arriving to the United States via deliberate introduction pathways. Increasing proportions of accidentally introduced invasive plants, particularly associated with contaminated seed imports across the western states, suggest that accidental introduction pathways also need to be considered in future regulatory decisions.
Patient Education and Care for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement: A Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Wong Leslie P. , Yamamoto Kalani T. , Reddy Vijay , Cobb Denise , Chamberlin Alice , Pham Hien , Sun Sumi J. , Mallareddy Madhavi , Saldivar Miguel
Published: July 2013

Background and Objectives

Peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC) complications are an important barrier to peritoneal dialysis (PD) utilization. Practice guidelines for PDC placement exist, but it is unknown if these recommendations are followed. We performed a quality improvement study to investigate this issue.

Methods

A prospective observational study involving 46 new patients at a regional US PD center was performed in collaboration with a nephrology fellowship program. Patients completed a questionnaire derived from the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) catheter guidelines and were followed for early complications.

Results

Approximately 30% of patients reported not being evaluated for hernias, not being asked to visualize their exit site, or not receiving catheter location marking before placement. After insertion, 20% of patients reported not being given instructions for follow-up care, and 46% reported not being taught the warning signs of PDC infection. Directions to manage constipation (57%), immobilize the PDC (68%), or leave the dressing undisturbed (61%) after insertion were not consistently reported. Nearly 40% of patients reported that their PDC education was inadequate. In 41% of patients, a complication developed, with 30% of patients experiencing a catheter or exit-site problem, 11% developing infection, 13% needing PDC revision, and 11% requiring unplanned transfer to hemodialysis because of catheter-related problems.

Conclusions

There were numerous deviations from the ISPD guidelines for PDC placement in the community. Patient satisfaction with education was suboptimal, and complications were frequent. Improving patient education and care coordination for PDC placement were identified as specific quality improvement needs.
A study on electrospray mass spectrometry of fullerenol C60(OH)24
Authors: Silion Mihaela , Dascalu Andrei , Pinteala Mariana , Simionescu Bogdan C , Ungurenasu Cezar
Published: July 2013

Full characterization of fullerenol C60(OH)24 by HPLC ESI-MS in negative and positive ionization modes was achieved. Fragmentor voltage and capillary voltage were optimized in order to obtain a good signal stability and the best peak intensity distribution for the fullerenol C60(OH)24 in both negative and positive modes. While the predominant base peak observed for C60(OH)24 in the negative ionization mode was [M − H]− at m/z 1127, those observed in the positive mode were multiply charged [M − H2O + 4H]4+ at m/z 279 and [M − 12H2O + 2NH3 + 6H]6+ at m/z 158.
Response of Pediatric Uveitis to Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibitors
Authors: Lerman Melissa A. , Burnham Jon M. , Chang Peter Y. , Daniel Ebenezer , Foster C. Stephen , Hennessy Sean , Jabs Douglas A. , Joffe Marshall M. , Kaçmaz R. Oktay , Levy-Clarke Grace A. , Mills Monte D. , Nussenblatt Robert B. , Rosenbaum James T. , Suhler Eric B. , Thorne Jennifer E. , Kempen John H.
Published: July 2013

Objective.

To evaluate the outcome of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibition (anti-TNF) for pediatric uveitis.

Methods.

We retrospectively assessed children (age ≤ 18 yrs) with noninfectious uveitis receiving anti-TNF at 5 uveitis centers and 1 pediatric rheumatology center. Incident treatment success was defined as minimal or no uveitis activity at ≥ 2 consecutive ophthalmological examinations ≥ 28 days apart while taking no oral and ≤ 2 eyedrops/day of corticosteroids. Eligible children had active uveitis and/or were taking higher corticosteroid doses.

Results.

Among 56 eligible children followed over 33.73 person-years, 52% had juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and 75% had anterior uveitis (AU). The Kaplan-Meier estimated proportion achieving treatment success within 12 months was 75% (95% CI 62%–87%). Complete absence of inflammatory signs with discontinuation of all corticosteroids was observed in an estimated 64% by 12 months (95% CI 51%–76%). Diagnoses of JIA or AU were associated with greater likelihood of success, as was the oligoarticular subtype among JIA cases. In a multivariable model, compared to those with JIA-associated AU, those with neither or with JIA or AU alone had a 75%–80% lower rate of achieving quiescence under anti-TNF, independent of the number of immunomodulators previously or concomitantly prescribed. Uveitis reactivated within 12 months of achieving quiescence in 14% of those continuing anti-TNF (95% CI 6%–31%). The incidence of discontinuation for adverse effects was 8%/year (95% CI 1%–43%).

Conclusion.

Treatment with anti-TNF was successful and sustained in a majority of children with noninfectious uveitis, and treatment-limiting toxicity was infrequent. JIA-associated AU may be especially responsive to anti-TNF.
Intérêts d'une étude de la dépressivité au TAT chez un patient méthadonien
Authors: Roques Marjorie , Sinanian Alexandre , Pirlot Gérard , Pommier François
Published: July 2013

Après une brève introduction à propos de l’historique du sevrage et des traitements de substitution, notre revue de la littérature vise à distinguer la dépression, entendue comme l’échec de la capacité dépressive, et la dépressivité considérée comme une défense, indiquant la capacité à se déprimer. Cette différence, à notre sens, fondamentale pour exprimer le vécu endopsychique des patients toxicomanes ou sous traitement de substitution, nous permet de postuler leur incapacité fondamentale à se déprimer. Or, le déclenchement d’une dépression comme passage obligatoire garantissant l’accès à la dépressivité, nous semble incontournable pour s’affranchir de toute dépendance. Notre étude exploratoire, issue d’un travail clinique avec Patrice rencontré en centre méthadone, prétend démontrer que la persistance de la dépendance psychique chez une personne anciennement héroïnomane, bénéficiant d’un traitement de substitution, est à mettre en parallèle avec le maintien d’une dépression latente ou masquée. Suite à une présentation anamnestique, nous proposons d’opérationnaliser et de repérer les éléments psychodynamiques de la dépressivité et d’en montrer l’échec grâce au TAT selon la méthode de l’école de Paris V.
« Terrorisme(s) », islamisme(s) et violences politiques dans le monde musulman contemporain
Authors: Seniguer Haouès
Published: July 2013

Cet article poursuit un triple objectif : primo, interroger les origines probables du terme « terrorisme » affleurant à l’occasion d’événements majeurs de l’époque moderne et contemporaine ; deuxio, expliquer la genèse des violences politiques dans le monde musulman en général et en Afrique en particulier, avec pour focale le cas malien ; puis, tercio, contextualiser la violence attribuée uniformément au « terrorisme islamiste » pour relativiser in fine le poids de l’islam dans les phénomènes de radicalisation politique.
Crise malienne : quelques clefs pour comprendre
Authors: Fontaine Jacques , Lahouari Addi , Henni Ahmed
Published: July 2013

Même si le Mali se trouve au-delà de l’aire méditerranéenne, les dynamiques qu’ils suscitent a de réelles incidences sur certains pays de cette région. Ce court dossier regroupe trois textes qui reviennent sur la genèse du conflit au Mali et ses incidences dans la région, notamment en Algérie, premier voisin et la France, dont le rôle militaire est très actif. L’article de Jacques Fontaine revient sur l’espace national malien, les faiblesses de sa construction et sur la crise actuelle. Celui de Lahouari Adi montre en quoi le conflit du Mali est un révélateur de la crise du système politique algérien. Enfin, Ahmed Henni décrit la lutte qui oppose depuis longtemps les zaouias, lieux de conservation des rites mystiques d’obédience malékite, aux islamistes wahhabites et autres amis intéressés de la monarchie saoudienne.
Le développement de la liberté de conscience, pour une formation à l'esprit laïque
Authors: Bouyssières Patrice
Published: July 2013

Cette contribution développe une réflexion sur l’éducation à la liberté de conscience, la liberté de conscience étant une notion à partir de laquelle se définit la laïcité. Après un rappel des termes historiques de cet entendement de la laïcité et de sa portée éducative, nous présentons une catégorisation des démarches éducatives susceptibles de développer la liberté de conscience selon quatre types de centrations : l’institutionnalisation, la réflexivité, l’expérimentation, la sociabilité. En conclusion et à partir de cette catégorisation, nous proposons des repères pour une formation à l’esprit laïque.
Les professionnels du soin et la laïcité
Authors: Mercadier Catherine
Published: July 2013

La laïcité à l’hôpital consiste non seulement à prendre en compte les croyances exprimées mais à aller au-devant de celles-ci, c’est-à-dire chercher à connaître les pratiques spécifiques qui revêtent un caractère important pour la personne, qu’elles reposent sur des croyances culturelles, religieuses ou autres. Former les soignants à la laïcité, c’est avant tout les former à la tolérance et au respect de la diversité.
Handicap mental et créativité : pour une esthétique du regard
Authors: Compte Roy
Published: July 2013

La créativité doit être envisagée dans une perspective la plus ouverte possible, qui intègre dans le processus créatif l’idée d’une transformation de la réalité extérieure influençant les comportements et les attentes des personnes qui elles-mêmes modifient la réalité extérieure. Les nombreuses productions artistiques, picturales, théâtrales, de danse ou autres, réalisées par des artistes en situation de handicap mental, et qui demandent un réel processus créatif d’élaboration, témoignent de l’importance que peut prendre l’acte de créer comme vecteur d’affirmation de la personne et comme facteur d’intégration.
Surdité et désir d'enfant
Authors: Garcia Cécile
Published: July 2013

Même lorsque la question du handicap ne se pose pas, il existe certaines personnes pour qui l’équilibre au sein de la communauté Sourde est difficile à atteindre. Les enfants entendants de parents sourds se disent « entre deux cultures ». D’où peut venir cette instabilité identitaire les obligeant à se définir comme cela ? À travers l’étude de cas de M me J., nous verrons une piste intéressante pouvant fournir une réponse. Le désir d’enfant de la femme Sourde, dans toute sa dimension inconsciente, entraîne un désir d’enfant ambivalent : sourd/entendant. Cet enfant imaginaire s’inscrit dans l’histoire personnelle de la mère. Histoire qui est focalisée vers la revendication d’une identité Sourde en réaction au déni de surdité de la société.
Five Year Follow-Up of Two Sisters With Type II Sialidosis: Systemic and Ophthalmic Findings Including OCT Analysis
Authors: Rosenberg Rémi , Halimi Emmanuel , Mention-Mulliez Karine , Cuisset Jean-Marie , Holder Muriel , Defoort-Dhellemmes Sabine
Published: July 2013

The authors report a 5-year follow-up examination of two sisters diagnosed as having a juvenile form of type II sialidosis. Diagnosis occurred during a routine ophthalmic examination when the girls were 5 and 3 years old after bilateral macular cherry-red spots were revealed. Main clinical findings were hypotonia, hepatosplenomegaly, hearing loss, dysostosis, and respiratory distress. Ophthalmic symptoms were low visual acuity and nystagmus. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography examination showed increased reflectivity of the retinal ganglion cells. Sialidosis may present as a mild form with slow progression. The cherry-red spots may be the first clue for proper diagnosis of storage disease. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography examination unveiled the accumulation of sialic acid in the retinal ganglion cells and could potentially be used to monitor the progression of storage diseases.
[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50:e33–e36.]
Mathematical Model to Compare the Relative Tensile Strength of the Cornea After PRK, LASIK, and Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Archer Timothy J. , Randleman J. Bradley
Published: July 2013

PURPOSE:

To develop a mathematical model to estimate the relative differences in postoperative stromal tensile strength following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), LASIK, and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

METHODS:

Using previously published data where in vitro corneal stromal tensile strength was determined as a function of depth, a mathematical model was built to calculate the relative remaining tensile strength by fitting the data with a fourth order polynomial function yielding a high correlation coefficient (R
2
= 0.930). Calculating the area under this function provided a measure of total stromal tensile strength (TTS), based only on the residual stromal layer for PRK or LASIK and the residual stromal layers above and below the lenticule interface for SMILE.

RESULTS:

Postoperative TTS was greatest after SMILE, followed by PRK, then LASIK; for example, in a 550-
μ
m cornea after 100-
μ
m tissue removal, postoperative TTS was 75% for SMILE (130-
μ
m cap), 68% for PRK, and 54% for LASIK (110-
μ
m flap). The postoperative TTS decreased for thinner corneal pachymetry for all treatment types. In LASIK, the postoperative TTS decreased with increasing flap thickness by 0.22%/
μ
m, but increased by 0.08%/
μ
m for greater cap thickness in SMILE. The model predicted that SMILE lenticule thickness could be approximately 100
μ
m greater than the LASIK ablation depth and still have equivalent corneal strength (equivalent to approximately 7.75 diopters).

CONCLUSIONS:

This mathematical model predicts that the postoperative TTS is considerably higher after SMILE than both PRK and LASIK, as expected given that the strongest anterior lamellae remain intact. Consequently, SMILE should be able to correct higher levels of myopia.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(7):454–460.]
Un documento inédito del siglo XVIII. El padre jesuita Pedro Lozano y su primera carta anua, 1720-1730
Authors: Svriz Wucherer Pedro Miguel Omar
Published: July 2013

Las Cartas Anuas de la Provincia Jesuítica del Paraguay son fuentes históricas muy importantes e indispensables para la reconstrucción de la labor cultural y evangelizadora realizada por la Compañía de Jesús en los territorios del Río de la Plata. Por esta razón, la edición y análisis de este tipo de fuentes son tareas fundamentales, en este caso nos referiremos a la primera Carta Anua que realizó el padre Lozano y que informan al padre General, residente en Roma, acerca del contexto en los cuales desarrollaron su labor evangelizadora los padres de la orden. Además resaltaremos la figura de su autor el padre Pedro Lozano, el contexto en el cual escribió, la función que cumplieron estos documentos, y algunas de las particularidades y tópicos que expone esta fuente de la primera mitad del siglo XVIII.
La capilla musical de la colegiata de Santa María la Mayor en Talavera de la Reina
Authors: Capdepón Verdú Paulino
Published: July 2013

Este artículo se centra en la recuperación del legado histórico de la capilla musical de la Colegiata de Talavera de la Reina (Toledo), una temática que hasta el momento no había sido objeto de estudio por la musicología española. Para una mejor comprensión del papel ejercido por la música sacra en Talavera, se tendrá en cuenta la composición de su capilla musical, la organización litúrgica de las festividades religiosas con intervención musical así como las funciones de los diferentes estamentos musicales de la capilla (Maestro de capilla, Organista, cantores, mozos de coro o los instrumentistas).
The Prognostic Value of the Apoptosis Pathway in Colorectal Cancer: A Review of the Literature on Biomarkers Identified by Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Zeestraten Eliane C.M. , Benard Anne , Reimers Marlies S. , Schouten Philip C. , Liefers Gerht J. , van de Velde Cornelis J.H. , Kuppen Peter J.K.
Published: July 2013

Research towards biomarkers that predict patient outcome in colorectal cancer (CRC) is rapidly expanding. However, none of these biomarkers have been recommended by the American Association of Clinical Oncology or the European Group on Tumor Markers. Current staging criteria result in substantial under- and over-treatment of CRC patients. Evasion of apoptosis, a characteristic feature of tumorigenesis, is known to correlate with patient outcome. We reviewed the literature on immunohistochemistry-based studies between 1998 and 2011 describing biomarkers in this pathway in CRC and identified 26 markers. Most frequently described were p53, Bcl-2, survivin, and the Fas and TRAILR1 receptors and their ligands. None of the studies reviewed provided sufficient support for implementing a single marker into current clinical practice. This is likely due to the complex biology of this pathway. We suggest focusing on the combination of key markers within the apoptosis pathway that together represent an ‘apoptotic tumor profile’, which better reflects the status of this pathway in a tumor.
Infinite Dimensional DeWitt Supergroups and their Bodies
Authors: Fulp Ronald
Published: July 2013

For Dewitt super groups G modeled via an underlying finitely generated Grassmann algebra it is well known that when there exists a body group BG compatible with the group operation on G, then, generically, the kernel K of the body homomorphism is nilpotent. This is not true when the underlying Grassmann algebra is infinitely generated. We show that it is quasi-nilpotent in the sense that as a Banach Lie group its Lie algebra κ has the property that for each a ∊ κ ada has a zero spectrum. We also show that the exponential mapping from κ to K is surjective and that K is a quotient manifold of the Banach space κ via a lattice in κ.
Development and impact of hooks of high droplet concentration on remote southeast Pacific stratocumulus
Authors: George R. C. , Wood R. , Bretherton C. S. , Painter G.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Over the southeastern Pacific (SEP), droplet concentration (Nd) in the typically unpolluted marine stratocumulus west of 80° W (> 1000 km offshore) is periodically strongly enhanced in zonally elongated "hook"-shaped features that increase albedo. Here, we examine three hook events using the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) with 14 km horizontal resolution, satellite data, and aircraft data from the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx). A particularly strong hook yields insights into the development, decay, and radiative impact of these features. Hook development occurs with Nd increasing to polluted levels over the remote ocean primarily due to entrainment of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) from the lower free troposphere (FT). The feature advects northwestward until the FT CCN source is depleted, after which Nd decreases over a few days due to precipitation and dilution. The model suggests that the FT CCN source supplying the hook consists of high concentrations of small accumulation-mode aerosols that contribute a relatively small amount of aerosol mass to the MBL, in agreement with near-coast VOCALS measurements of polluted layers in the FT. The aerosol particles in this hook originate mainly from a pulse of offshore flow that transports Santiago-region (33–35° S) emissions to the remote marine FT. To provide pollution CCN that can sustain hooks, the FT transport of pollution plumes to the remote ocean requires strong, deep offshore flow. Such flow is favored by a trough approaching the South American coast and a southeastward shift of the climatological subtropical high-pressure system. The model simulations show precipitation suppression in the hook and a corresponding increase in liquid water path (LWP) compared with a simulation without anthropogenic sources. LWP also increases as the hook evolves over time due to increasing stability and decreasing subsidence. WRF-Chem suggests that dimethyl sulfide (DMS) significantly influences the aerosol number and size distributions in a hook, but that hooks do not form without FT CCN. The Twomey effect contributes ~ 50–70% of the albedo increase due to the presence of the hook, while secondary aerosol indirect effects and meteorological influences also contribute significantly. The source of hook aerosols is difficult to determine with the available observations alone. The model provides further explanation of the factors influencing hook formation. Two other weaker hooks during VOCALS-REx are not as well simulated but are also associated with FT offshore flow near Santiago. Hooks demonstrate the importance of free-tropospheric transport of aerosols in modulating the droplet concentration in the southeastern Pacific stratocumulus deck, and present a formidable challenge to simulate accurately in large-scale models.
Impact of the marine atmospheric boundary layer conditions on VSLS abundances in the eastern tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Fuhlbrügge S. , Krüger K. , Quack B. , Atlas E. , Hepach H. , Ziska F.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. During the DRIVE~(Diurnal and Regional Variability of Halogen Emissions) ship campaign we investigated the variability of the halogenated very short-lived substances (VSLS) bromoform (CHBr3), dibromomethane (CH2Br2) and methyl iodide (CH3I) in the marine atmospheric boundary layer in the eastern tropical and subtropical North Atlantic Ocean during May/June 2010. The highest VSLS mixing ratios were found near the Mauritanian coast and close to Lisbon (Portugal). With backward trajectories we identified predominantly air masses from the open North Atlantic with some coastal influence in the Mauritanian upwelling area, due to the prevailing NW winds. The maximum VSLS mixing ratios above the Mauritanian upwelling were 8.92 ppt for bromoform, 3.14 ppt for dibromomethane and 3.29 ppt for methyl iodide, with an observed maximum range of the daily mean up to 50% for bromoform, 26% for dibromomethane and 56% for methyl iodide. The influence of various meteorological parameters – such as wind, surface air pressure, surface air and surface water temperature, humidity and marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) height – on VSLS concentrations and fluxes was investigated. The strongest relationship was found between the MABL height and bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide abundances. Lowest MABL heights above the Mauritanian upwelling area coincide with highest VSLS mixing ratios and vice versa above the open ocean. Significant high anti-correlations confirm this relationship for the whole cruise. We conclude that especially above oceanic upwelling systems, in addition to sea–air fluxes, MABL height variations can influence atmospheric VSLS mixing ratios, occasionally leading to elevated atmospheric abundances. This may add to the postulated missing VSLS sources in the Mauritanian upwelling region (Quack et al., 2007).
Inverse modeling of Texas NOx emissions using space-based and ground-based NO2 observations
Authors: Tang W. , Cohan D. , Lamsal L. N. , Xiao X. , Zhou W.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Inverse modeling of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions using satellite-based NO2 observations has become more prevalent in recent years, but has rarely been applied to regulatory modeling at regional scales. In this study, OMI satellite observations of NO2 column densities are used to conduct inverse modeling of NOx emission inventories for two Texas State Implementation Plan (SIP) modeling episodes. Addition of lightning, aircraft, and soil NOx emissions to the regulatory inventory narrowed but did not close the gap between modeled and satellite observed NO2 over rural regions. Satellite-based top-down emission inventories are created with the regional Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx) using two techniques: the direct scaling method and discrete Kalman filter (DKF) with Decoupled Direct Method (DDM) sensitivity analysis. The simulations with satellite-inverted inventories are compared to the modeling results using the a priori inventory as well as an inventory created by a ground-level NO2 based DKF inversion. The DKF inversions yield conflicting results: the satellite-based inversion scales up the a priori NOx emissions in most regions by factors of 1.02 to 1.84, leading to 3–55% increase in modeled NO2 column densities and 1–7 ppb increase in ground 8 h ozone concentrations, while the ground-based inversion indicates the a priori NOx emissions should be scaled by factors of 0.34 to 0.57 in each region. However, none of the inversions improve the model performance in simulating aircraft-observed NO2 or ground-level ozone (O3) concentrations.
Simulation of RF MEMS based matching networks and a single pole double throw switch for Multiband T/R Modules
Authors: Figur S. A. , van Raay F. , Quay R. , Vietzorreck L. , Ziegler V.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. This work presents concepts and designs for two essential components of a frequency agile transmit and receive module based on Radio Frequency Micro Electro Mechanical System (RF MEMS) switches for the frequency range from 3.5 GHz up to 8.5 GHz. The advantages of a variable power amplifier (PA) matching compared to a fixed broadband solution are examined and discussed in context with the designed components. To demonstrate the principle functionality, an assembly concept is presented, which allows for the integration of a frequency agile 6 W power amplifier with surrounding components like phase shifters, switches and antennas. An RF MEMS switching element is introduced as a high isolation polarization switch, featuring low insertion loss as well as almost no DC power consumption.
Investigation of horizontal structures at mesospheric altitudes using coherent radar imaging
Authors: Sommer S. , Stober G. , Schult C. , Zecha M. , Latteck R.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System (MAARSY) in Northern Norway (69.30°N, 16.04°E) was used to perform interferometric observations of Polar Mesosperic Summer Echoes (PMSE) in June 2012. Coherent Radar Imaging (CRI) using Capon's method was applied allowing a high spatial resolution. The algorithm was validated by simulation and trajectories of meteor head echoes. Both data sets show a good correspondence with the algorithm. Using this algorithm, the aspect sensitivity of PMSE was analysed in a case study, making use of the capability of CRI to resolve the pattern within the beam volume. No correction of the beam pattern was made yet. It was found in this case study, that no large variations in the scattering width and the scattering center occured apart from a very short period of time at the upper edge of the PMSE.
The effect of near-zone preconditioning on electromagnetic integral equations of first and second kind
Authors: Wiedenmann O. , Eibert T. F.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The linear equation systems which arise from the discretization of surface integral equations are conveniently solved with iterative methods because of the possibility to employ fast integral methods like the Multilevel Fast Multipole Method. However, especially integral equations of the first kind often lead to very ill-conditioned systems, which require the usage of effective preconditioners. In this paper, the regularization property of near-zone preconditioning operators on the Electric Field Integral Equation is demonstrated and investigated for problems of different size. Furthermore, comparisons are drawn to second-kind integral equations such as the Combined Field Integral Equation.
Tree-ring inferred glacier mass balance variation in southeastern Tibetan Plateau and its linkage with climate variability
Authors: Duan J. , Wang L. , Li L. , Sun Y.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. A large number of glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) have experienced wastage in recent decades. And the wastage is different from region to region, even from glacier to glacier. A better understanding of long-term glacier variations and their linkage with climate variability requires extending the presently observed records. Here we present the first tree-ring-based glacier mass balance (MB) reconstruction in the TP, performed at the Hailuogou Glacier in southeastern TP during 1865–2007. The reconstructed MB is characterized mainly by ablation over the past 143 yr, and typical melting periods occurs in 1910s–1920s, 1930s–1960s, 1970s–1980s, and the last 20 yr. After the 1900s, only a few short periods (i.e., 1920s–1930s, the 1960s and the late 1980s) is characterized by accumulation. These variations can be validated by the terminus retreat velocity of the Hailuogou Glacier and the ice-core accumulation rate in Guliya and respond well to regional and Northern Hemisphere temperature anomaly. In addition, the reconstructed MB is significantly and negatively correlated with August-September all-Indian monsoon precipitation (AIR) (r1871–2008= −0.342, p < 0.0001). These results suggest that temperature variability is the dominant factor for the long-term MB variation at the Hailuogou Glacier. Indian summer monsoon precipitation doesn't affect the MB variation, yet the significant negative correlation between the MB and the AIR implies the positive effect of summer heating of the TP on Indian summer monsoon precipitation.
Status of organochlorine pesticides in Ganga river basin: anthropogenic or glacial?
Authors: Mutiyar P. K. , Mittal A. K.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. This study reports the occurrences of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the Ganga river basin covering 3 states, i.e., Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar comprising 72% of total river stretch consisting of 82 sampling points covered through 3 sampling campaigns. Samples were monitored for 16 major OCPs, including hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), Endosulfan group, Aldrin group, DDTs and Heptachlor group pesticides. The results showed the ng L−1 levels contamination of OCPs in all the stretches sampled during these campaigns. The results also revealed that different types of OCPs were dominating in different stretches in accordance with the land use practices and agricultural runoff generated from those stretches. HCHs were most frequently detected (detection rate = 75%) in mountainous stretch; Endosulfans were prominent in UP (detection rate = 75%) stretch while in BR stretch Aldrin group pesticides were paramount (detection rate = 34%). Source apportionment of the OCP's revealed that in the upper reaches of the Ganges i.e., in the state of Uttarakhand, the glacial melt may be responsible for the presence of OCP's. In the lower reaches, intensive agriculture and industrial activities may be significantly contributing these pesticides. The samples from tributaries of Ganga river were found to contain higher numbers of pesticides as well as higher concentrations. The maximum total pesticide concentration in an individual sample during these sampling campaigns was found in the Son river sample (0.17 μg L−1, Location: Koilwar, Bhojpur, Bihar).
A two-sided approach to estimate heat transfer processes within the active layer of rock glacier Murtèl-Corvatsch
Authors: Scherler M. , Schneider S. , Hoelzle M. , Hauck C.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The thermal regime of permafrost in scree slopes and rock glaciers is characterized by the importance of air flow driven convective and advective heat transfer processes. These processes are supposed to be part of the energy balance in the active layer of rock glaciers leading to lower subsurface temperatures than would be expected at the lower limit of discontinues high mountain permafrost. In this study, new parameterizations were introduced in a numerical soil model to simulate permafrost temperatures observed in a borehole at rock glacier Murtèl in the Swiss Alps in the period from 1997 to 2008. A soil heat sink and source layer was implemented within the active layer which was parameterized experimentally to account for and quantify the contribution of air flow driven heat transfer on the measured permafrost temperatures. The experimental model calibration process yielded a value of about 28.9 Wm−2 for the heat sink during the period from mid September to mid January and one of 26 Wm−2 for the heat source in the period from June to mid September. Energy balance measurements, integrated over a 3.5 m thick blocky surface layer, showed seasonal deviations between a zero energy balance and the calculated sum of the energy balance components of around 6.8 Wm−2 in fall/winter, −2.2 Wm−2 in winter/spring and around −5.6 Wm−2 in summer. The calculations integrate heat exchange processes including thermal radiation between adjacent blocks, turbulent heat flux and energy storage change in the blocky surface layer. Finally, it is hypothesized that these deviations approximately equal unmeasured freezing and thawing processes within the blocky surface layer.
Coupled prediction of flood response and debris flow initiation during warm and cold season events in the Southern Appalachians, USA
Authors: Tao J. , Barros A. P.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Debris flows associated with rainstorms are a frequent and devastating hazard in the Southern Appalachians in the United States. Whereas warm season events are clearly associated with heavy rainfall intensity, the same cannot be said for the cold season events. Instead, there is a relationship between large (cumulative) rainfall events independently of season, and thus hydrometeorological regime, and debris flows. This suggests that the dynamics of subsurface hydrologic processes play an important role as a trigger mechanism, specifically through soil moisture redistribution by interflow. The first objective of this study is to investigate this hypothesis. The second objective is to assess the physical basis for a regional coupled flood prediction and debris flow warning system. For this purpose, uncalibrated model simulations of well-documented debris flows in headwater catchments of the Southern Appalachians using a 3-D surface-groundwater hydrologic model coupled with slope stability models are examined in detail. Specifically, we focus on two vulnerable headwater catchments that experience frequent debris flows, the Big Creek and the Jonathan Creek in the Upper Pigeon River Basin, North Carolina, and three distinct weather systems: an extremely heavy summertime convective storm in 2011; a persistent winter storm lasting several days; and a severe winter storm in 2009. These events were selected due to the optimal availability of rainfall observations, availability of detailed field surveys of the landslides shortly after they occurred, which can be used to evaluate model predictions, and because they are representative of events that cause major economic losses in the region. The model results substantiate that interflow is a useful prognostic of conditions necessary for the initiation of slope instability, and should therefore be considered explicitly in landslide hazard assessments. Moreover, the relationships between slope stability and interflow are strongly modulated by the topography and catchment specific geomorphologic features that determine subsurface flow convergence zones. The three case-studies demonstrate the value of coupled prediction of flood response and debris flow initiation potential in the context of developing a regional hazard warning system.
Modeling the effects of cold front passages on the heat fluxes and thermal structure of a tropical hydroelectric reservoir
Authors: Curtarelli M. P. , Alcântara E. H. , Rennó C. D. , Stech J. L.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. We study the influence of cold fronts on the heat fluxes and thermal structure of a tropical reservoir located in Brazil. The period chosen for this study consisted of 49 days between 28 April 2010 and 15 July 2010 and was defined based on information from the Brazilian Centre for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), data collected in situ and the interpretation of remotely sensed images. During the selected time period, five cold front passages were identified, allowing us to analyze the cumulative effect of cold fronts and the reservoir's resilience on the days that elapsed between the passages. To better understand the physical processes that drive changes in heat fluxes and thermal structure, a simulation was performed that utilized a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The results showed that during the cold front days, the sensible and latent heat fluxes were enhanced by approximately 24% and 19%, respectively. The daily average heat loss was up to 167% higher on the cold front days than on the non-cold front days. The high heat loss and the increased wind intensity that occurred during the cold front passages destabilized the water column and provided partial or complete mixing. The colder waters of the Paranaíba River contributed to reestablish the thermal stratification following the passages of the cold fronts. These results suggest that cold front passages play an important role in the stratification and mixing regimes of Brazilian reservoirs located in southern and southeastern regions.
Frontal structures in the West Spitsbergen Current margins
Authors: Walczowski W.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The structures of the hydrographic fronts separating the Atlantic origin waters from ambient waters in the northern Nordic Seas are discussed. Flows of the western and eastern branches of the West Spitsbergen Current create the Atlantic domain borders and maintain these fronts. The work is based on previous research and on investigations in the project DAMOCLES (Developing Arctic Modeling and Observational Capabilities for Long-term Environmental Studies). Most of the observational data were collected during the R/V Oceania cruises. The main focus of the paper is put on the western border of the Atlantic domain – the Arctic Front, along- and transfrontal transports, the front instability and variability. The baroclinic instability and advection of baroclinic eddies which occurs due to this instability were found as the main transfrontal transport processes. Most of the Atlantic Water transported by the western branch recirculates west and southward. The eastern branch of the West Spitsbergen Current provides most of the Atlantic Water entering the Arctic Ocean. Both processes are very important for the Arctic and global Thermohaline Circulation.
Understanding the Role of Hemodynamics in the Initiation, Progression, Rupture, and Treatment Outcome of Cerebral Aneurysm from Medical Image-Based Computational Studies
Authors: Castro Marcelo A.
Published: July 2013

About a decade ago, the first image-based computational hemodynamic studies of cerebral aneurysms were presented. Their potential for clinical applications was the result of a right combination of medical image processing, vascular reconstruction, and grid generation techniques used to reconstruct personalized domains for computational fluid and solid dynamics solvers and data analysis and visualization techniques. A considerable number of studies have captivated the attention of clinicians, neurosurgeons, and neuroradiologists, who realized the ability of those tools to help in understanding the role played by hemodynamics in the natural history and management of intracranial aneurysms. This paper intends to summarize the most relevant results in the field reported during the last years.
Financial Speculation in Energy and Agriculture Futures Markets: A Multivariate GARCH Approach
Authors: Manera Matteo , Nicolini Marcella , Vignati Ilaria
Published: July 2013

This paper analyses futures prices of four energy commodities (crude oil, heating oil, gasoline and natural gas) and five agricultural commodities (corn, oats, soybean oil, soybeans and wheat), over the period 1986-2010. Using DCC multivariate GARCH models, it provides new evidence on four research questions: 1) Are macroeconomic factors relevant in explaining returns of energy and nonenergy commodities? 2) Is financial speculation significantly related to returns in futures markets? 3) Are there significant relationships among returns, either in their mean or variance, across different markets? 4) Is speculation in one market affecting returns in other markets? Results suggest that the S&P 500 index and the exchange rate significantly affect returns. Financial speculation, proxied by Working’s T index, is poorly significant in modelling returns of commodities. Moreover, spillovers between commodities are present and the conditional correlations among energy and agricultural commodities display a spike around 2008.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene-facilated Condensation of 3-Methylphenylboronic Acid to the Boroxine
Authors: Zhang Dongxiang , Li Jie , Dong Xiao , Zhou Xing , Yang Zhi , Roesky Herbert W.
Published: July 2013

The adduct of (3-MeC6H4)3B3O3 with an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC=1,3-diethyl-4,5- dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene) was prepared by reacting 2.5 equiv. of 3-methylphenylboronic acid with 1 equiv. of the NHC. This reaction shows a novel carbene-facilitated condensation of substituted phenylboronic acid monomers. The structure of the compound (3-MeC6H4)3B3O3(NHC) (1) has been characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies
Oxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Polyoxomolybdate Salts
Authors: Zhang Bo , Li Su , Pöthig Alexander , Cokoja Mirza , Zang Shu-Liang , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Kühn Fritz E.
Published: July 2013

Ionic compounds containing the polyoxomolybdate anion [Mo6O19]2- and [(n-C4H9)4P]+ (tetrabutylphosphonium), [(n-C4H9)3P(n-C14H29)]+ (tributyl (tetradecyl)phosphonium), [Bmim]+ (1- butyl-3-methylimidazolium) and [Dbmim]+ (1,2-dimethyl-3-butylimidazolium) cations were prepared and characterized, including the determination of three of the solid state structures by singlecrystal X-ray diffraction. These compounds were applied as catalysts for the epoxidation of olefins with urea hydrogen peroxide (UHP) as oxidant in the ionic liquid [Bmim]PF6. Additionally, the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in several solvents was investigated. The polyoxomolybdate catalysts showed a good performance for epoxidation of olefins as well as for oxidation of sulfides. Furthermore, the catalysts can be recycled several times in oxidation reactions. We present this methodology for the oxidation reaction in a simple, economically, technically, and environmentally benign manner
Aminkomplexe des Goldes, Teil 7: Pseudosymmetrie bei Aminkomplexen des Gold(I)-cyanids [1] / Amine Complexes of Gold, Part 7: Pseudosymmetry in Amine Complexes of Gold(I) Cyanide
Authors: Döring Cindy , Jones Peter G.
Published: July 2013

The reaction between (tht)AuCl (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) and KCN leads to gold(I) cyanide. This can be treated with liquid amines or azaaromatics L to give crystalline molecular complexes LAuCN, the first complexes of the type (amine)cyanogold(I): L = cyclohexylamine, isobutylamine, isopropylamine, diethylamine, morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, 2,4-lutidine, 3,5-lutidine, and 4- picoline. The cyclohexylamine complex was also obtained as the adduct LauCN L and the pyrrolidine complex in the ionic form [L2Au]+ [Au(CN)2]-. Two polymorphs of the 3,5-lutidine complex were obtained. Ethylenediamine gave the 2:1 complex L(AuCN)2. Several of the structures were difficult to refine because of pseudosymmetry (e. g. polar axes). The packing diagrams were analyzed in terms of Au-Au contacts and NH....N hydrogen bonds. As proof of the principle that the method is also suitable for other ligands, the complex with t-butyldiisopropylphosphane was synthesized and structurally characterized