bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Objective, subjective, and accurate reporting of social media use: No evidence that daily social media use correlates with personality traits, motivational states, or well-being
Authors: Johannes Niklas , Nguyen Thuy-vy Thi , Weinstein Netta , Przybylski Andrew K
Published: August 2021

There is a lively debate on the effects of social media use, shaped by self-reported measurements of social media use. However, self-reports have been shown to suffer from low accuracy compared to logged measures of social media use. Even though it is unclear how problematic that measurement error is for our inferences, many scholars call for the exclusive use of ‘objective’ measures. But if measurement error is not systematic, self-reports will still be informative. In contrast, if there is systematic error, associations between social media use and other variables, including well-being, are likely biased. Here, we report an exploratory five day experience sampling study among 96 participants (435 observations) to understand factors that could relate to low accuracy. First, we asked what stable individual differences are related to low accuracy. Second, we explored what daily states relate to accuracy. Third, we explored whether accuracy relates to well-being. Although we did find evidence for a systematic tendency to overestimate social media use, neither individual differences nor daily states were related to that tendency. Accuracy was also unrelated to well-being. Our results suggest that blindly calling for objective measures foregoes a responsibility to understand measurement error in social media use first.
Adapting Intervention Approaches to New Contexts: Three Case Studies of International Adaptation of the Teen Online Problem Solving (TOPS) Program
Authors: Wade Shari L , Jones Kelly , corti claudia , Adlam Anna , Limond Jennifer , Bardoni Alessandra , Gies Lisa M
Published: August 2021

Purpose/Objective: To describe the process of adapting the evidence-based Teen Online Problem Solving (TOPS) program, a telehealth problem-solving treatment addressing executive function and behavior regulation challenges in adolescents with traumatic brain injury, in Italy, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Research Method/Design: We describe the process of adapting and translating the TOPS program in three case studies with unique methods and samples. In Italy, 14 parents of adolescents with TBI participated in focus groups and two adolescents with TBI and their parents and two physicians provided input on the resulting translation. In New Zealand, an independent Māori cultural advisor reviewed the content, and six adolescent-parent dyads and two health professionals completed the 10 modules independently over a five-week period to inform adaptation. In the United Kingdom, a team of neuropsychologists and a parent of an adolescent with ABI reviewed and adapted the content through successive iterations. Results: In Italy, suggested changes included greater emphasis on nonverbal communication and clearer examples of inappropriate problem-solving responses. In New Zealand, parents and adolescents rated the program as acceptable and helpful. Suggestions included incorporating familiar Māori settings, integrating religion, and developing videos with New Zealand adolescents. In the United Kingdom, iterative refinements focused on adapting TOPS for other acquired brain injuries and reflecting cross-national differences (e.g., drinking age). Conclusions/Implications: These three case studies suggest that programs such as TOPS developed in one cultural context can be broadly acceptable in other contexts, with adaptations focusing on tailoring to reflect the unique cultural and linguistic setting.
इस्मालीको बाटो कथामा प्रतिनिधित्व र पहिचान
Authors: थापा सीता अधिकारी
Published: August 2021

प्रस्तुत अध्ययनमा कथाकार इस्मालीद्वारा रचित बाटो कथाको प्रतिनिधित्व तथा पहिचानका आधारमा अध्ययन गरिएको छ । सांस्कृतिक अध्ययनका विविध अवधारणामध्ये यसमा स्टुआर्ट हलको प्रतिनिधित्व र पहिचानसम्बन्धी मान्यतालाई सैद्धान्तिक आधार लिइएको छ । व्यञ्जनामूलक अर्थ बहन गर्ने यस कथामा नेपालको तराई क्षेत्रको भौगोलिक परिवेशको सामाजिक सांस्कृतिक संरचनामा युगौंदेखि एकाधिकार जमाउँदे आएको सामन्ती संस्कृतिको जमिन्दारी प्रथाका अवशेष मालिकहरूले निम्न वर्गका समुदायलाई प्रयोग गरेर आफ्नो प्रभुत्व कायम गर्दै मच्चाउने वितण्डाबाट ग्रसित सामाजिक मनोदशाको सटिक चित्रण छ । परम्परावादी सामाजिक, सामन्तवादी सांस्कृतिक संरचनाका अवयवहरूमा विद्यमान दमनकारी सोच तथा अमानवीय प्रवृत्तिहरू परिवर्तित व्यवस्थामा पनि नेतृत्वका चरित्र र व्यवहारमा पुनरावृत्ति भइरहनु अत्यन्त नकारात्मक पक्ष हो । प्रतिगामी सत्ताशक्तिको आडमा दमनकारी विचारधाराका माध्यमबाट सीमान्तकृत बनाइएका बहुसङ्ख्यक अधीनस्थ समुदायमाथिको उत्पीडनले परिवर्तनकामी प्रतिरोधी चेतनालाई दबाउन नसकिने यथार्थको उद्बोधन यसकथामार्फत प्रकटित भएको छ। यस सन्दर्भमा रचिएको कथामा पुरानो व्यवस्थाको सामन्ती प्रवृत्तिको धङ्धङी र नयाँ व्यवस्थाको सुरूवात्को सङ्क्रमणकालीन परिवेशमा वर्गीय, जातीय, लैङ्गिक प्रतिनिधित्व, प्रभुत्व र विचारधाराको द्वन्द्वको सशक्त प्रस्तुति रहेको छ । प्रतिनिधित्व र पहिचानले विकास गर्ने वर्गीय सङ्घर्षको स्वरूप र चेतनाद्वारा प्रतिरोधको नवीन संज्ञानको निर्माण कसरी गरिएको छ भन्ने कृतिकेन्द्री आधारमा विश्लेषण गर्नु यस सांस्कृतिक अध्ययनको प्रमुख उद्देश्य रहेको छ ।
Labrador Emergencies and St. Anthony Institutional Care: Medical Cases of Donald McI. Johnson for the Grenfell Association, 1928–29
Authors: Connor Jennifer J.
Published: August 2021

In contemporaneous and retrospective publications, British physician Donald McI. Johnson wrote about medical cases in 1928–29 for the organization founded by Wilfred Grenfell in Newfoundland and Labrador. The availability of one physician’s cases in published and institutional forms allows consideration of discursive representations of patients for general and clinical readers in the two decades of Johnson’s writing. This study places these cases within the context of Johnson’s medical background and his escape to rural practice in a remote locale, one that emphasized emergency operations in Labrador and hospital care in the organization’s main hospital in St. Anthony. In this way, it broadens knowledge of medical care provided by visiting physicians and considers ways in which such physicians represented local patients in publications for the general reader. Although it determines that Johnson was unique, it indicates the value of the fuller study of publications by other physicians associated with the Grenfell organization.
Penanaman Karakter Kemandirian pada Anak Disabilitas Grahita melalui Pembelajaran Tematik di SDLB Kaliwungu Kudus
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sri , Umaeroh Siti
Published: August 2021

Karakter kemandirian perlu ditanamkan kepada anak sejak dini terlebih pada anak disabilitas grahita yang memiliki keterbatasan. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar mereka dapat bersikap mandiri dalam melangsungkan kehidupan di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) Mengetahui pelaksanaan pembelajaran tematik kelas IV di SDLB Kaliwungu Kudus.2) Mengetahui pembentukan karakter kemandirian pada anak disabilitas grahita melalui pembelajaran tematik.3) Mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam pembentukan karakter kemandirian anak disabilitas grahita Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Pelaksanaan pembelajaran tematik kelas IV di SDLB Kaliwungu Kudus berjalan dengan baik. 2) Upaya yang dilakukan oleh guru dalam membentuk karakter kemandirian anak disabilitas grahita kelas IV di SDLB Kaliwungu Kudus melalui pembelajaran tematik yaitu dengan menerapkan strategi dan metode yang bervariatif, menggunakan media yang inovatif, bahan ajar yang sesuai tingkat perkembangan anak. Dari upaya tersebut, empat aspek kemandirian yakni aspek intelektual, ekonomi, sosial, dan emosi peserta didik disabilitas grahita telah terbentuk. Pembentukan aspek kemandirian anak disabilitas grahita ini sudah sesuai dengan nilai-nilai keislaman. Hal ini terlihat ketika terjalinnya komunikasi yang baik antara guru dan peserta didik serta penerapan kebiasaan baik dari sekolah dan orangtua 3) Faktor pendukung meliputi semangat dan percaya diri peserta didik yang tinggi, peran guru, lingkungan sekitar. Adapun faktor penghambatnya meliputi IQ peserta didik disabilitas grahita terbatas, kelas dan jumlah guru yang tidak ideal.
Strategies to Mitigate the Influence of Televised Entertainment Programmes using Smart Phones on Youth Deviant Behaviour
Authors:   Tshwane University of Technology, Andrew Chauke Thulani , Stephen Malatji, Khashane , Josephine Mudau Thiziwilondi ,   University of Venda
Published: August 2021

This paper seeks to establish strategies that can be used to mitigate the influence of televised entertainment programmes using smartphones on youth deviant behaviour. Televised entertainment programmes using smartphones have become a major means by which young people learn and understand the world around them. To understand the behaviour that young people resort to, we must pay more attention to the influences of the portrayal of deviant behaviour in televised programmes and smartphones in the 21st century. Young people learn how to dress, walk, dance, and talk by copying what is portrayed in selected television programmes while using their smart phone. This paper used qualitative research method. Purpose sampling, semi-structure interview in a focus group was used to collect data from the participants. The study sampled twelve young people from Madonsi village in South Africa to participate in the study and ethical consideration was thought-out. The study revealed that parents should be technologically advanced to be able to block programme contents by using a password for their satellite signal decoder to prevent young people‘s exposure to deviant behaviour on television. Parents should monitor their children‘s smartphones on activities undertaken. The study recommends that National Youth Policy 2020-2030 should address youth media health issues aspect to prevent the influence of media on youth deviant behaviour.
An Evaluation of the Employment of Cross-referencing in Isichazamazwi SesiNdebele (2001)
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe, Ndlovu Thompson
Published: August 2021

The present article examines how cross-referencing was employed in Isichazamazwi SesiNdebele (henceforth: ISN) (2001). ISN is the first and the only Zimbabwean Ndebele monolingual general-purpose dictionary. In light of this, a lot of work lies ahead in terms of dictionary making in Zimbabwean Ndebele. Reviews of this pioneering work will go a long way in improving the compilation of future Zimbabwean Ndebele dictionaries, from the viewpoint of the user-oriented approach. Findings of the study reveal that cross-referencing was employed in headword selection and definitions in view of synonyms and variants. It emerged that in some cases, cross-referencing was not effectively employed, and this led to the wastage of the much needed space in the dictionary, and inevitably compromised the dictionary’s user-friendliness and accessibility. This also resulted in the failure to satisfy user-needs and userperspectives. An in-depth analysis of ISN and interactions with the participants of the study showed that, to some extent, cases of bad cross-referencing, especially dead cross-referencing and repetition of definitions can be attributed to lack of thorough editing of the dictionary and the corpus-aided approach employed to compile ISN among other things.
Niemann-Pick Type C 1 (NPC1) and NPC2 Gene Variability in Demented Patients with Evidence of Brain Amyloid Deposition
Authors: Sorrentino Federica , Arighi Andrea , Serpente Maria , Arosio Beatrice , Arcaro Marina , Visconte Caterina , Rotondo Emanuela , Vimercati Roberto , Ferri Evelyn , Fumagalli Giorgio G. , Pietroboni Anna M. , Carandini Tiziana , Scarpini Elio , Fenoglio Chiara , Galimberti Daniela
Published: August 2021

Background: Variants in Niemann-Pick Type C genes (NPC1 and NPC2) have been suggested to play a role as risk or disease modifying factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze NPC1 and NPC2 variability in demented patients with evidence of brain amyloid-β 1–42 (Aβ) deposition and to correlate genetic data with clinical phenotypes. Methods: A targeted Next Generation Sequencing panel was customized to screen NPC1, NPC2, and main genes related to neurodegenerative dementias in a cohort of 136 demented patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) low Aβ levels or positive PET with Aβ tracer and 200 non-demented geriatric subjects. Results: Seven patients were carriers of NPC variants in heterozygosis. Four of them displayed pathogenic variants previously found in NPC patients and one AD patient had a novel variant. The latter was absent in 200 non-demented elderly subjects. Five of seven patients (70%) exhibited psychiatric symptoms at onset or later as compared with 43%in non-carriers (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of NPC1 and NPC2 heterozygous variants in patients with CSF evidence of Aβ deposition is higher than in the general population.
The Association of White Matter Hyperintensities with Frailty in Patients with Very Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Yang Hyun Ju , Lee Subin , Koh Myeong Ju , Lee Ho Kyu , Kim Bong Soo , Kim Ki Woong , Park Joon Hyuk
Published: August 2021

Background: Frailty, one of serious global health problems in the elderly, is a growing concern in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) because of its high prevalence in AD and its impact on the prognosis. Objective: To investigate the quantitative association between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and frailty in AD. Methods: A total of 144 outpatients were included. All subjects were evaluated by using Korean version of the CERAD assessment battery and diagnosed very mild to moderate AD. WMH volume was calculated using automated segmentation analysis from the 3D MRI image and further partitioned according to the distance from the ventricular surface. Using the Korean Frailty Index, prefrailty was defined by the scores of 3 and 4 and frailty by the score of 5 and higher. Results: In total, 23.6%were frailty, 32.6%were pre-frailty, and 43.8%were classified as a robust group. The frailty group had higher WMH volume compared to the robust group (p = 0.02), and these trends remained significant after linear regression analyses. According to the subclassification of WMH, using the robust group as a reference, total WMH (OR = 6.297, p = 0.013, 95%CI = 1.463–27.114), juxtaventricular WMH (OR = 12.955, p = 0.014, 95%CI = 1.687–99.509), and periventricular WMH (OR = 3.382, p = 0.025, 95%CI = 1.163–9.8531) volumes were associated with frailty, but deep WMH volume was not. Conclusions: A quarter of patients with very mild to moderate AD is suffering from frailty. Our study provides the evidence of a cross-sectional relationship between WMH volume and frailty, and there is a difference in the association between the subclassification of WMH volume and frailty.
Gene-Specific DNA Methylation Linked to Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Apolipoprotein E3 and E4 Mice
Authors: Schenning Katie J. , Holden Sarah , Davis Brett A. , Mulford Amelia , Nevonen Kimberly A. , Quinn Joseph F. , Raber Jacob , Carbone Lucia , Alkayed Nabil J.
Published: August 2021

Background: Geriatric surgical patients are at higher risk of developing postoperative neurocognitive disorders (NCD) than younger patients. The specific mechanisms underlying postoperative NCD remain unknown, but they have been linked to genetic risk factors, such as the presence of APOE4, compared to APOE3, and epigenetic modifications caused by exposure to anesthesia and surgery. Objective: To test the hypothesis that compared to E3 mice, E4 mice exhibit a more pronounced postoperative cognitive impairment associated with differential DNA methylation in brain regions linked to learning and memory. Methods: 16-month-old humanized apolipoprotein-E targeted replacement mice bearing E3 or E4 were subjected to surgery (laparotomy) under general isoflurane anesthesia or sham. Postoperative behavioral testing and genome-wide DNA methylation were performed. Results: Exposure to surgery and anesthesia impaired cognition in aged E3, but not E4 mice, likely due to the already lower cognitive performance of E4 prior to surgery. Cognitive impairment in E3 mice was associated with hypermethylation of specific genes, including genes in the Ephrin pathway implicated in synaptic plasticity and learning in adults and has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease. Other genes, such as the Scratch Family Transcriptional Repressor 2, were altered after surgery and anesthesia in both the E3 and E4 mice. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the neurocognitive and behavioral effects of surgery and anesthesia depend on baseline neurocognitive status and are associated with APOE isoform-dependent epigenetic modifications of specific genes and pathways involved in memory and learning.
Can Medial Temporal Impairment Be an Imaging Red Flag for Neurodegeneration in Disproportionately Enlarged Subarachnoid Space Hydrocephalus?
Authors: Sakurai Keita , Kaneda Daita , Uchida Yuto , Inui Shohei , Bundo Masahiko , Akagi Akio , Nihashi Takashi , Kimura Yasuyuki , Kato Takashi , Ito Kengo , Ohashi Wataru , Hashizume Yoshio
Published: August 2021

Background: The differentiation of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) from neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is often challenging because of their non-specific symptoms. Therefore, various neuroradiological markers other than ventriculomegaly have been proposed. Despite the utility of disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid-space hydrocephalus (DESH) for the appropriate selection of shunt surgery candidates, the specificity and neuropathology of this finding have not been sufficiently evaluated. Objective: Investigation of the clinicopathological features and comparison of the neuroradiological findings between DESH with postmortem neuropathological diagnoses (pDESH) and clinically-diagnosed iNPH (ciNPH) patients are the main purposes of this study. Method: In addition to the retrospective evaluation of clinicopathological information, quantitative, semiquantitative, and qualitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indices were compared between pathologically-investigated 10 patients with pDESH and 10 patients with ciNPH Results: Excluding one patient with multiple cerebral infarctions, the postmortem neuropathological diagnoses of the pathologically-investigated patients were mainly neurodegenerative diseases (five AD, one DLB with AD pathologies, one DLB, one argyrophilic grain disease, and one Huntington’s disease). In addition to the common neuroradiological features Conclusion: Hippocampal atrophy and deformation with temporal horn enlargement seem to be characteristic neuroradiological findings of long-standing severely demented patients with DESH and neurodegenerative diseases, mainly advanced-stage AD.
New Galantamine Derivatives with Inhibitory Effect on Acetylcholinesterase Activity
Authors: Lazarova Maria I. , Tsekova Daniela S. , Tancheva Lyubka P. , Kirilov Kiril T. , Uzunova Diamara N. , Vezenkov Lyubomir T. , Tsvetanova Elina R. , Alexandrova Albena V. , Georgieva Almira P. , Gavrilova Petja T. , Dragomanova Stela T. , Papazova Maria G. , Handzhiyski Yordan S. , Kalfin Reni E.
Published: August 2021

Background: Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are used to treat many disorders, among which are neurodegenerative upsets, like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). One of the limited licensed AChE inhibitors (AChEIs) used as drugs is the natural compound galantamine (Gal). Objective: As Gal is a toxic compound, here we expose data about its four derivatives in hybrid peptide-norgalantamine molecules, which have shown 100 times lower toxicity. Methods: Four newly synthesized galantamine derivatives have been involved in docking analysis made by Molegro Virtual Docker. Biological assessments were performed on ICR male mice. The change in short and long-term memory performance was evaluated by passive avoidance test. AChE activity and levels of main oxidative stress parameters: lipid peroxidation, total glutathione (GSH), enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were measured in brain homogenates. Results: Our experimental data revealed that the new hybrid molecules did not impair memory performance in healthy mice. Two of the compounds demonstrated better than Gal AChE inhibitory activity in the brain. None of them changed the level of lipid peroxidation products, one of the compounds increased GSH levels, and all of them increased CAT enzyme activity. Conclusion: The new galantamine-peptide hybrids demonstrated a potential for inhibition of AChE and antioxidant activity and deserve further attention.
Improving radiotherapy safety and efficiency with the customized ARIA oncology information system
Authors: Wang Zhongfei , Yun Qinghui , Liu Changhao , Sun Xiaohuan , Wang Wei , Yin Yutian , Xiao Feng , Zhao Lina
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE:

To improve safety and efficiency of radiotherapy process by customizing a Varian ARIA oncology information system following the guidelines provided in AAPM TG-100 report.

METHODS:

First, failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and quality management program were implemented for radiotherapy process. We have customized the visual care path in the ARIA system and set up a series of templates for simulation, prescription, contouring, treatment planning, and multiple checklists. Average time of activities’ completion and amount of planning errors were compared before and after the use of the customized ARIA to evaluate its impact on the efficiency and safety of radiotherapy.

RESULTS:

Completion time and on-time completion rate of the key activities in the care path are improved. The time of OAR/targets contouring decreases from (1.94±1.51) days to (1.64±1.07) days ( p = 0.003), with the on-time completion rate increases from 77.4%to 83.3%( p = 0.048). Treatment planning time decreases from (0.81±0.65) days to (0.55±0.51) days ( p < 0.001), with the on-time completion rate increases from 96.6%to 98.3%( p = 0.163). Waiting time of patients decreases from (4.50±1.83) days to (4.04±1.34) days ( p < 0.001), with the on-time completion rate increases from 81.9%to 89.7%( p = 0.003). In addition, the average plan error rate decreases from 5.5%(2.9%for safety errors and 2.6%for non-normative errors) to 2.4%(1.6%for safety errors and 0.8%for non-normative errors) ( p = 0.029).

CONCLUSION:

Our study demonstrates that the customized ARIA system has the potential to promote efficiency and safety in radiotherapy process management. It is beneficial to organize and accelerate the treatment process with more effective communications and fewer errors.
2021–2022 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Plant Bugs, Chewing Insect Pests, Caribbean Fruit Fly, and Thrips
Authors: Martini Xavier , Diepenbrock Lauren Marie
Published: August 2021

Reviewed March 2021. There are no changes in recommendation from 2020.
2021–2022 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Brown Rot of Fruit
Authors: Dewdney Megan M. , Johnson Evan
Published: August 2021

Reviewed March 2021. There are no changes in recommendation from 2020.
2021–2022 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Blight
Authors: Batuman Ozgur , Roberts Pamela D. , Brlansky Ronald H. , Dewdney Megan M.
Published: August 2021

Reviewed March 2021. There are no changes in recommendation from 2020.
2006 Florida Citrus Pest Management Guide: Huanglongbing (Citrus Greening)
Authors: Brlansky Ronald H. , Chung Kuang-Ren , Rogers Michael  E.
Published: August 2021

Huanglongbing (HLB), commonly called citrus greening disease, is caused by the bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter spp. The name huanglongbing means “yellow dragon” which describes the symptom of a bright yellow shoot that commonly occurs on a sector of infected trees. HLB is a serious disease of citrus because it affects all citrus cultivars and causes rapid decline of trees. This document is PP-225, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date November 2005.
PP-225/CG086: 2020–2021 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Huanglongbing (Citrus Greening) (ufl.edu)
2021–2022 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Decay Control of Florida Fresh Citrus
Authors: Ritenour Mark A. , Zhang Jiuxu "John" , Cano Liliana M. , Dewdney Megan M.
Published: August 2021

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Chapter 8. Eggplant Production
Authors: Roberts Pamela D. , McAvoy Eugene J. , Boyd Nathan S. , Desaeger Johan , Qureshi Jawwad , Williams Phillip B.
Published: August 2021

Chapter 8 of the Vegetable Production Handbook.
Chapter 11. Legume Production
Authors: Frey Craig , Dittmar Peter J. , Seal Dakshina R. , Zhang Shouan , Freeman Josh H. , Desaeger Johan , Wang Qingren
Published: August 2021

Chapter 11 of the Vegetable Production Handbook.
Chapter 2. Fertilizer Management for Vegetable Production in Florida
Authors: Liu Guodong , Simonne Eric H. , Morgan Kelly T. , Hochmuth George J. , Agehara Shinsuke , Mylavarapu Rao , Williams Phillip B.
Published: August 2021

Chapter 2 of the Vegetable Production Handbook
Fertilization of Field-grown and Landscape Palms in Florida
Authors: Broschat Timothy K.
Published: August 2021

Palms growing in Florida landscapes or field nurseries are subject to a number of potentially serious nutrient deficiencies. These deficiencies are described and illustrated in document ENH1018. Prevention and treatment of these deficiencies is the subject of this document. Chemical symbols used in this document are as follows: N=nitrogen, P=phosphorus, K=potassium, Mg=magnesium, Ca=calcium, Mn=manganese, Fe=iron, B=boron, Cu=copper, Zn=zinc. This document is ENH1009, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date September 2005.
ENH1009/EP261: Fertilization of Field-Grown and Landscape Palms in Florida (ufl.edu)
Genetically Modified Mosquitoes
Authors: Caragata Eric P. , Lee Yoosook , Buckner Eva A.
Published: August 2021

Genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes are controversial, partly because of misinformation. This publication provides science-based information about GM mosquitoes to the public and anyone involved in mosquito control. It explains what GM mosquitoes are and why they are being investigated as a tool for mosquito control. Describes a GM mosquito pilot project in Florida, and includes FAQs and answers explaining how GM mosquitoes are created and their potential impacts on people and the environment.
Integrated Strategies for Controlling Flower Thrips in Southern Highbush Blueberries
Authors: Liburd Oscar E. , Arevalo H. Alejandro
Published: August 2021

There are a number of thrips species that damage blueberries in North America. Flower thrips are among the most important insect pests that attack early-season blueberries. This document is IPM-140, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date November 2005.
Cuáles Son los Riesgos de Contraer Enfermedades Asociadas con Pollos?
Authors: Rey Jorge , Rutledge-Connelly C. Roxanne , Simonne Amy
Published: August 2021

Algunas enfermedades de animales puden ser transmitidas a los humanos. Los microrganismos que causan la enfermedad pueden ser protozoas, hongos, bacterias, clamydias o viruses (Jacobs y cols. 2003). Algunos ejemplos de enfermedades de las aves que son transmitidas a humanos incluyen clamydiosis de loritos, palomas y cotorras; y cryptococcocis de las palomas. Salmonella, E. coli, los viruses que causan la gripe de las aves (influenza aviar, influenza de aves), y algunos de los viruses que causan encefalitis están asociados con los pollos. Este documento, ENY-724S, es uno de una serie de publicaciones del Departamento de Entomología y Nematología, UF/IFAS extensión. Fecha de primera publicación: Enero 12, 2006.
Petiole (Rachis) Blight of Palm
Authors: Elliott Monica L.
Published: August 2021

In general, the “typical” or “classic” petiole blight is a disease in which the pathogen only infects the petiole. The disease symptoms may look like the pathogen has also infected the leaf blade, but this is a secondary affect from petiole infection. An exception to the “typical” petiole blight is a disease caused by Pestalotiopsis. This pathogen causes both a leaf spot and blight as well as a petiole or rachis blight, usually at the same time. It is discussed in a separate fact sheet (PP141). This document is PP-221, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date January 2006.
PP-221/PP145: Petiole (Rachis) Blight of Palm (ufl.edu)
Türkiye’deki Hemşirelerde Merhametin Araştırılması: Uluslararası Araştırma Sonuçları
Authors: AKMAN Özlem , ARKAN Burcu , ÖZTÜRK Candan , PAPADOPOULOS Irena
Published: August 2021

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de hemşirelerin merhamet kavramını nasıl tanımladıkları, görüşleri ve deneyimlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma geniş çaplı uluslararası bir çalışmanın parçası olarak online anket şeklinde tasarlanıp uygulanmıştır. İngiltere’de Middlesex University’den etik kurul izinleri alındıktan sonra, 15 farklı ülkeden hemşirelerin katılımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ana veri tabanı içinden Türkiye örneklemini oluşturan hemşirelerin (n=96) verileri bu çalışmada kullanılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında, Irena Papadopolos tarafından geliştirilen ve her ülke tarafından içerik geçerliliği yapılan anket kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma ise, Türkiye’de çalışan hemşirelerin ankete verdikleri cevaplara odaklanarak yapılmıştır. Veriler, açık uçlu sorular içerik analizi kullanılarak, çoktan seçmeli sorular ise sayı ve yüzdelik olarak çözümlenmiştir. Türkiye’deki hemşirelerin hastalara, ailelerine ve topluma karşı merhametli bir bakım vermeyi önemsediklerini ortaya koymuştur. Aynı zamanda merhametin öğretilebileceği ancak yeterince öğretilmediği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen nitel veriler; dokunmak, dinlemek ve anlamak, iletişim ve empati, acılarını hafifletmek, yakın ilişki kurmak olarak sınıflanmıştır. Türkiye’de hemşireler merhametli olmanın hastanın iyileşmesinde ve bakım kalitesinin artmasında önemli bir kavram olduğunu ve bunun davranışlara yansıtılarak gösterilmesi ve hastalara hissettirilmesi gerektiğini ifade ederek inançlarını belirtmişlerdir.
La muerte de Napoleón anunciada en las cancillerías europeas por los diplomáticos franceses
Authors: Mendelson Jean
Published: August 2021

El 4 de julio de 1821, llega a Europa la noticia del fallecimiento de Napoleón en la isla de Santa Elena. Desaparece así el hombre que ha hecho temblar durante casi veinte años las monarquías europeas y ha causado un tremendo dolor de cabeza a sus cancillerías. El embajador Jean Mendelson, y ex-director de los Archivos Diplomáticos del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Francia, propone en este artículo un análisis de los contendidos de los mensajes recibidos describiendo las reacciones en cada uno de los países europeos, lo que permite entender la relevancia de la noticia y su impacto, así como las primeras impresiones de los diplomáticos en función en este tiempo. Existen en varias cartas referencias directas a la situación de la independencia en América Latina.
Photoacoustic ultrasound spectroscopy for assessing red blood cell aggregation and oxygenation
Authors: Kolios Michael C. , Hysi Eno , Saha Ratan K.
Published: August 2021

Red blood cell (RBC) aggregation and oxygenation are important markers for a variety of blood disorders. No current technique is capable of simultaneously measuring aggregation/oxygenation levels noninvasively. We propose using photoacoustic ultrasound spectroscopy (PAUS) for assessing both phenomena. This technique relies on frequency-domain analysis of the PA signals by extracting parameters such as the ultrasound spectral slope and the midband fit. To investigate the effect of hematocrit, aggregation, and oxygenation levels on PAUS parameters, a Monte Carlo-based theoretical model and an experimental protocol using porcine RBCs were developed. The samples were illuminated at 750 and 1064 nm and changes in the PAUS parameters were compared to the oxygen-dependent optical absorption coefficients to assess the oxygenation level. Good agreement between the theoretical and experimental spectral parameters was obtained for the spectral slope of the nonaggregated spectra (∼0.3  dB/MHz∼0.3  dB/MHz). The experimental midband fit increased by ∼5  dB∼5  dB for the largest aggregate size. Based on the analysis of the PA signals, the oxygen saturation level of the most aggregated sample was >20%>20% greater than the nonaggregated sample. The results provide a framework for using PA signals’ spectroscopic parameters for monitoring the aggregation and oxygenation levels of RBCs.
THE WORLD OF PLANTS IN CHILDREN’S DRAWINGS: COLOR PREFERENCES AND THE EFFECT OF AGE AND GENDER ON THESE PREFERENCES
Authors: Ahi Berat
Published: August 2021

Plants is a neglected topic in biology education. Educational activities about plants are important in early terms because they are the base of both the science and the biology education. The purpose of this research is to understand opinions of the children by utilizing drawings and the colors they used. It is run by the phenomenological model point of view in qualitative research method. In the scope of the research, researchers worked with 80 children (40 girls, 40 boys). Data of the research consist of children's drawings. In this context, A4 sized papers and crayons have been distributed to children and they have been asked to make drawings of plants. At the end of the research, it was found that there was a total of 21 different elements and that these elements were drawn 237 times in the children’s drawings. Moreover, no statistically significant dependence was particularly found between the elements of the sun, tree, flower, grass and rain, and age and gender. Similarly, while no significant correlation was found between the number of colors used in the drawings and age, a statistically significant correlation between the number of preferred colors and gender was found in favor of the girls. Furthermore, it was found that the children preferred light colors in their drawings. In light of the findings of the current research, it can be argued that science education given during the preschool period should be conducted by using methods, which are enjoyable and allow children to reflect the knowledge in their minds, for example, through drawings.
Key words: children’s’ drawing, plant world, biological knowledge, qualitative research, phenomenological model.
A TOOL TO SUPPORT LECTURERS’ COURSE DEVELOPMENT AT INTRODUCTORY UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL IN PHYSICS
Authors: Gustafsson Peter , Eriksson Hans G.
Published: August 2021

With more diversified student groups entering the university, the development and planning of courses become more pedagogically challenging. In earlier studies, a validated tool, content representation (CoRe), has been used in teacher education to help pre-service teachers identify and promote pedagogical content knowledge in limited teaching sequences. In the present research the aim is to explore whether CoRe, when applied to an introductory university course in physics, can (i) promote the pedagogical content knowledge of the course as a whole and (ii) serve as an operative tool to identify problematic areas or areas that need further development in the course. The CoRe tool is based on given questions to be answered in relation to the “big ideas” of the course. In the present research, the questions have been answered by a lecturer and by using a content analysis of the answers several categories of development could be identified. For a specific category, the tool also provided information about what kind of development was necessary. The conclusion is that CoRe has a potential to be of service at higher education level, it can be applied to parts of a course as well as to a course as a whole, and it may provide a useful tool to help a lecturer in the development and planning of a course.
Key words: content representation; course development; physics education; university level, pedagogical content knowledge.
Proportion of and Reason for Bevacizumab Usage in the Treatment of Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Yoon Yi Sang , Yoon Won Tae , Kim Jong Woo , Kim Chul Gu , Kim Jae Hui
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the proportion of bevacizumab and the reason for its usage in wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records was performed for 1,541 patients who received ranibizumab, aflibercept, or bevacizumab injection to treat wet AMD. The proportion of bevacizumab among the entire set of injections was identified. The reason for selecting bevacizumab was additionally identified.Results: During the study period, a total of 2,929 anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections were performed; 2,236 (76.3%) were ranibizumab or aflibercept injections and 693 (23.7%) were bevacizumab injections. The most common reason for bevacizumab usage was ‘having a 0.1 or worse best-corrected visual acuity or being unable to assure reimbursement due to the development of extensive scarring or geographic atrophy’ (297 bevacizumab injections, 42.9%). The second most common reason was ‘the inability to assure reimbursement such as extrafoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) or early CNV without definite fluid in the foveal region’ (201 bevacizumab injections, 29.0%).Conclusions: Bevacizumab was used in 23.7% of the anti-VEGF injections to treat wet AMD. When analyzing patients’ treatment burden and financial impact, the results of the present study may provide useful information. Further multi-center studies are required to evaluate more precisely the usage of anti-VEGF drugs.
Changes in Incidences of Chronic and Traumatic Diseases before and after Registration as Visually Disabled
Authors: Seong Hyo Jin , Kim Jiwon , Youk Tae Mi , Kim Hyunki , Chung Eun Jee
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To analyze changes in the incidences of chronic and traumatic diseases before and after registration as visually disabled.Methods: The incidence and risk of chronic and traumatic diseases were compared between patients registered as visually disabled from 2005 to 2013 and a control group, selected through 1:1 propensity score matching for age, sex, premium quantile, and residential area distribution. Data from the National Health Insurance Service were used and the observation period was set from 2 years before to 5 years after the time of registration as visually disabled. The incidences (%) of chronic and traumatic diseases at the point of interest were determined as the mean values according to year of registration, and the risk was measured by conditional logistic regression analysis.Results: 131,434 visually disabled patients and the same number of non-visually impaired controls were included. The incidences of chronic disease and fall-related injury were higher in the visually disabled group before registration, but gradually decreased and became similar to the control group after registration. In addition, the risk of developing chronic diseases was higher in the visually disabled group until 2 years after registration, while the risk of fall-related injury remained consistently higher in the visually disabled group during the observation period. The incidence and risk of hip fracture in the visually disabled group increased gradually from approximately 1 year before registration and remained consistently higher than in the control group.Conclusions: People with visual disability have higher incidences of chronic diseases than do non-visually impaired people and are at greater risk of traumatic injuries, such as hip fractures or falls. There is a need to establish community infrastructure and expand welfare services for the prevention and early treatment of comorbidities, both for patients with registered visual disabilities and for patients who have not yet registered.
Vascular metabolic dysfunction and lipotoxicity
Authors: Mattern HM , Hardin ChD
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of lipotoxicity in vascular smooth muscle (VSM). C(1)-BODIPY 500/510 C(12) used to assess the ability of VSM A7r5 cells to transport long-chain fatty acids showed that lipid transport did not appear to limit metabolism. Thin layer chromatography revealed that storage of transported fatty acid occurred primarily as mono- and diglycerides and fatty acids but not as triglycerides. We used lipid-induced apoptosis as a measure of lipotoxicity and found that 1.5 mM palmitate (6.8:1) bound to albumin resulted in a 15-fold increase in the number of apoptotic cells compared to the control at 24 hours. This apoptosis did not seem to be due to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) since VSM cells incubated in palmitate showed less ROS production than cells incubated in albumin only. Similar exposure to oleate did not significantly increase the number of apoptotic cells compared to the control. Oleate actually significantly attenuated the apoptosis induced by palmitate, suggesting that unsaturated fatty acids have a protective effect on cells undergoing palmitate-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that vascular smooth muscle is vulnerable to lipotoxicity and that this lipotoxicity may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis.
Effect of white wine consumption on oxidative stress markers and homocysteine levels
Authors: Rajdl D , Racek J , Trefil L , Siala K
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of regular daily consumption of white wine on oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk markers. Forty-two healthy male volunteers consumed 375 ml of white wine daily. Each participant provided three venous blood samples (before wine consumption, following the wine consumption period and again a month later). Levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A I, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, paraoxonase 1, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were measured. Immediately following the month of white wine consumption there was a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol (p<0.0001), paraoxonase 1 (p<0.001), glutathione peroxidase (p<0.001) and reduced glutathione (p<0.01) levels, a decrease in superoxide dismutase activities (p<0.0001), and a decrease in oxidation protein products (p<0.001) and TBARS (p<0.05) concentrations. However, there was also a clear increase in homocysteine (p<0.0001) after a month of white wine consumption. The results of our non-placebo controlled trial suggest that regular daily white wine consumption is associated not only with both antioxidative and antiatherogenic effects but also with a potentially proatherogenic increase of homocysteine concentrations.
Effects of L-malate on physical stamina and activities of enzymes related to the malate-aspartate shuttle in liver of mice
Authors: Wu J-L , Wu Q-P , Huang J-M , Chen R , Cai M , Tan J-B
Published: August 2021

L-malate, a tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediate, plays an important role in transporting NADH from cytosol to mitochondria for energy production and may be involved in the beneficial effects of improving physical stamina. In the present study, we investigated the effects of L-malate on the performance of forced swimming time and blood biochemical parameters related to fatigue - blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose (Glc), creatine kinase (CK),total protein (TP) and lactic acid (LA). To investigate the effects of L-malate on the malate-aspartate shuttle and energy metabolism in mice, the activities of enzymes related to the malate-aspartate shuttle were measured. L-malate was orally administered to mice continuously for 30 days using a feeding atraumatic needle. The swimming time was increased by 26.1 % and 28.5 %, respectively, in the 0.210 g/kg and 0.630 g/kg L-malate-treated group compared with the control group. There were no differences in the concentrations of Glc, BUN and TP between the L-malate-treated groups and the control groups. However, the levels of CK were significantly decreased in the L-malate-treated groups. The results predict a potential benefit of L-malate for improving physical stamina and minimizing muscle damage during swimming exercise. The activities of cytosolic and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase were significantly elevated in the L-malate-treated group compared with the control group. These enzymatic activities may be useful indicators for evaluating changes affecting the malate-aspartate shuttle and energy metabolism in the liver of mice.
Comparison of oxygen uptake at the onset of decrement-load and constant-load exercise.
Authors: Yano T , Ogata H , Matsuura R , Arimitsu T , Yunoki T
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the level of oxygen uptake (V(.)(O2) at the onset of decrement-load exercise (DLE) is lower than that at the onset of constant-load exercise (CLE), since power output, which is the target of V(.)(O2) response, is decreased in DLE. CLE and DLE were performed under the conditions of moderate and heavy exercise intensities. Before and after these main exercises, previous exercise and post exercise were performed at 20 watts. DEL was started at the same power output as that for CLE and power output was decreased at a rate of 15 watts per min. V(.)(O2) in moderate CLE increased at a fast rate and showed a steady state, while V(.)(O2) in moderate DLE increased and decreased linearly. V(.)(O2) at the increasing phase in DLE was at the same level as that in moderate CLE. V(.)(O2) immediately after moderate DLE was higher than that in the previous exercise by 98+/-77.5 ml/min. V(.)(O2) in heavy CLE increased rapidly at first and then slowly increased, while V(.)(O2) in heavy DLE increased rapidly, showing a temporal convexity change, and decreased linearly. V(.)(O2) at the increasing phase of heavy DLE was the same level as that in heavy CLE. V(.)(O2) immediately after heavy DLE was significantly higher than that in the previous exercise by 156+/-131.8 ml/min. Thus, despite the different modes of exercise, V(.)(O2) at the increasing phase in DLE was at the same level as that in CLE due to the effect of the oxygen debt expressed by the higher level of V(.)(O2) at the end of DLE than that in the previous exercise.