bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sessenta segundos de Hitchcock: Um corpo que cai (1958)
Authors: Molina David Gomiero
Published: September 2022

Inspirado em Paratexts: Thresholds of Interpretation, de Gérard Genette, este artigo analisa detalhadamente os créditos de abertura de Um corpo que cai, de Alfred Hitchcock, buscando enfatizar particularidades como a ressignificação dos créditos de produção e a introdução de elementos gestuais, musicais e temáticos desenvolvidos ao longo do filme. Revela-se, então, que os créditos iniciais oferecem uma interpretação do todo da narrativa.
Do experimental ao filme-ensaio: passagens
Authors: Teixeira Francisco Elinaldo
Published: September 2022

Filme experimental e filme-ensaio são territórios ou concepções do cinema-audiovisual, com convergências e rupturas entre si. Eles convergem quanto à experimentação estético-formal, de materiais e modos de composição na produção de sentidos. Mas enquanto no filme-ensaio isso se opera com ênfase no pensamento do ensaísta através de sua inscrição em corpo e/ou voz no próprio filme, assim como com a solicitação e criação de intercessores, no experimental tal modo de inscrição do pensamento se opera de outras maneiras. Desse modo, pode-se propor que o experimental é imanente ao filme-ensaio, embora nem todo experimental seja ensaístico. O propósito do artigo é, assim, analisar como se operam tais convergências e disjunções entre ambos os territórios do cinema, a partir de um corpus fílmico e de referências teóricas que embasam um novo olhar, na atualidade, sobre as relações entre filme experimental e filme-ensaio.
Apresentação
Authors: Hamburger Esther
Published: September 2022

Apresentação
Improved Supply Chain Crisis Response: A Study of Modular Design
Authors: Skiver Ryan L.
Published: September 2022

In 2020 COVID-19 caused global disruptions in the supply chain that are still showing ripple effects in mid-2022. Pandemics are not the only form of crisis that causes supply chain disruptions. With increasing instances of natural disasters, organizational misconduct, economic instability, and political unrest, crisis management has become a growing issue within businesses and the supply chain field. This article examines the previous literature on crisis management by identifying the types of crises that will affect a focal firm’s suppliers in the chain, and how those types of crises will affect the supply chain. We continue by adding response measures through creating modular design and modular innovation capability, which will not prevent the crisis but will drastically decrease supply disruption and thus decrease response time for the focal firm. Lastly, a model is created for future empirical research based off of the previous literature that shows how modular design and modular innovation capability can alleviate the damage of crises in the supply chain through greater agility, flexibility, and adaptability.
Peace Negotiations as Sites of Gendered Power Hierarchies
Authors: McAuliff Alexandra K.
Published: September 2022

Since the passage of UNSCR 1325, women’s formal inclusion in peace negotiations has been advocated as a means to pursue gender equality and improve peace outcomes. A narrow focus on inclusion and the embodied presence of women, however, does not address the gendered hierarchies embedded within negotiations. This article highlights how gender functions as a power structure that normalizes masculinity as the operating standard within the practice of peace negotiations. By focusing on the centrality of militarization and masculinity to liberal peacebuilding, I suggest three ways negotiations function as patriarchal institutions: the issues centered as essential peace components; the types of violence that “count” as conflict-related; and the actors deemed legitimate for inclusion. While inclusion is a critical aspect of improving gendered peace outcomes, attention to gendered bodies must include recognition of gender as an analytical category that shapes not just who is included but how the process is built.
The freshwater ribbon-worm Prostoma graecense (Hoplonemertea: Monostilifera) in South America (Argentina)
Authors: TAMBURI NICOLÁS E. , CAZZANIGA NÉSTOR J.
Published: September 2022

The morphological species Prostoma graecense (Böhmig, 1892) is reported for the first time from Argentina and South America. Some diagnostic characters, such as the ciliated epithelium of the non-rhynchodaeal oesophagus and the backward extension of the cephalic glands up to the brain commisure, were confirmed for the Argentine material; the rhynchodaeal longitudinal muscles were present, but did not form a thick layer as expected from some previous descriptions. Adding South America to its distribution range supports the hypothesis that this morphotype Prostoma graecense actually has a cosmopolitan distribution.
A replacement name for Wilsoniella Pettibone, 1993 (Annelida: Polynoidae), junior homonym of Wilsoniella Khalfin, 1939 (Brachiopoda: Rhynchonellida), and revalidation of Pessoaiella Guimarães, 1940 over Wilsoniella Eichler, 1940 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) also a junior homonym of Wilsoniella Khalfin, 1939
Authors: NEMÉSIO ANDRÉ
Published: September 2022

Kellogg (1910) described Lipeurus absitus (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae), a species of chewing louse found on the Hoazin Opisthocomus hoazin (Statius Muller) (Aves: Opisthocomidae), a bird found in the northern South America. Harrison (1916) erected the genus Esthiopterum for several species of Lipeurus, including L. absitus. In 1940, two authors independently recognized that Esthiopterum absitum (Kellogg) should be placed in a genus of its own. Eichler (1940) erected the genus Wilsoniella in 15 May 1940, and Guimarães erected the genus Pessoaiella in a paper published 36 days later, on 20 June 1940. Thus, Wilsoniella Eichler had precedence over Pessoaiella Guimarães. This latter name, as a consequence, has been treat
Three new species of Percnobracon Kieffer & Jörgensen (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Argentina, reared from cecidomyiid (Diptera) and eurytomid (Hymenoptera) galls
Authors: MARTINEZ JUAN J.
Published: September 2022

Three new species of the doryctine genus Percnobracon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are described from Argentina; all of them associated with Prosopis caldenia (Fabaceae): Percnobracon pampeanus Martinez, sp. nov., reared from galls of Dasineurini (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), P. rugosus Martinez, sp. nov., reared from eurytomid (Hymenoptera) galls and P. witru Martinez sp. nov. A key to the known species of Percnobracon is presented.
Redescription of two species of wobbegongs (Chondrichthyes: Orectolobidae) with elevation of Orectolobus halei Whitley 1940 to species level
Authors: HUVENEERS CHARLIE
Published: September 2022

Two closely related species of the genus Orectolobus (Orectolobidae), O. ornatus (De Vis) and O. halei Whitley, are redescribed based on fresh material from temperate eastern Australia. Although described as a subspecies by Whitley (1940), O. halei was formerly synonymized with O. ornatus because of the lack of research material to assess their conspecificity. Due to its smaller size, O. ornatus was previously thought to be the juvenile form of the larger O. halei. Orectolobus ornatus occurs from Port Douglas, (Queensland) to Sydney (New South Wales) whereas O. halei occurs from Southport (Queensland) around the southern coast to Norwegian Bay (Western Australia). Both species are commercially targeted within the hook and line fishery off New South Wales. Orectolobus ornatus differs from O. halei in color pattern, a smaller adult size, fewer dermal lobes at the posterior preorbital group, lower vertebral and spiral valve counts, and the absence of supraorbital knob. Morphometrically, O. ornatus has a longer pelvic fin to anal fin interspace, smaller pectoral fins, smaller head dimensions, and relatively smaller claspers in mature specimens.
Revision of Proctotrupidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) described by Ch. T. Brues from Baltic amber
Authors: KOLYADA VICTOR A. , MOSTOVSKI MIKE B.
Published: September 2022

Re-examination of the type material of six species described by Brues from the Baltic amber in the genus Cryptoserphus revealed that none of them belong to this genus but represent four species within other extant genera, i.e. Fustiserphus pinorum (Brues, 1940) comb. nov., Mischoserphus gracilis (Brues, 1940) comb. nov., Oxyserphus obsolescens (Brues, 1940) comb. nov., and O. hamiferus (Brues, 1940) comb. nov. Two other species (Cryptoserphus tertiarius and C. succinalis) described by Brues and Cryptoserphus koggeauxillarius described by Szabo & Oehlke (1986) are synonymised under O. obsolescens. All species are redescribed and illustrated.
Molecular systematics and biogeography of the genus Zizina (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
Authors: YAGO MASAYA , HIRAI NORIO , KONDO MARIKO , TANIKAWA TETSUO , ISHII MINORU , WANG MIN , WILLIAMS MARK , UESHIMA REI
Published: September 2022

Butterflies of the genus Zizina are widely distributed in all zoogeographical regions except the New World (North and South America) and the northern part of Eurasia. We address some of the problems in regard to the taxonomy and biogeography of the genus. We inferred phylogenetic relationships for all four species in the current classification of this genus from the ND5 region of mtDNA. From our molecular analyses and morphological evidence, we concluded that this genus contains three species; Z. otis, Z. oxleyi and Z. emelina. The status of the latter species is revised, while Z. labradus and Z. antanossa, which were formerly treated as specifically distinct, are regarded as subspecies of Z. otis. Based on our analyses, we also employ phylogeography to discuss possible speciation events in the genus. Each of the three Zizina species appears to have branched from the common ancestor, with a divergence time estimated to be about 2.5 million years ago. The ancestors of Z. oxleyi and Z. emelina are postulated to have adapted to a temperate climate, diverged in the northern and southern hemispheres, and resulted in the extant species from New Zealand and East Asia, respectively. In contrast, the ancestor of Z. otis adapted mainly to tropical and subtropical zones, and the extant Z. otis dispersed into the Afrotropical, Oriental and Australian regions. Feeding adaptations in the larvae also might have had an effect on speciation within Zizina. In addition, our results indicated that there is a possibility that the distribution of the New Zealand Z. oxleyi was reduced in extent by the introduction of Z. otis, which immigrated recently from Australia or its surroundings.
Larval morphology and biology of three European species of Megastigmus (Hymenoptera, Torymidae, Megastigminae) parasitoids of gall wasps, including a comparison with the larvae of two seed-infesting species
Authors: NIEVES-ALDREY JOSÉ LUIS , NIEVES MARIA HERNÁNDEZ , GÓMEZ JOSÉ F.
Published: September 2022

The morphology of the terminal larvae of three species of Megastigmus parasitoids of gall-wasps (Hym., Cynipidae) in Europe, M. dorsalis, M. stigmatizans and M. dumicola, is described for the first time based on SEM images. Larvae of two phytophagous, seed-infesting species of this genus, M. pistaciae and M. aculeatus, are also described and compared with the larvae of the parasitoid species. The morphological characters that differentiate larvae of Megastigmus from other torymid larvae include: strong mandibles bearing four or five teeth, labrum fringed on the anterior margin, and reduced pilosity on the body and head. A key for the identification of the larvae of the five study species is presented. The larvae of the entomophagous Megastigmus species share an important diagnostic character, a deep medial frontal pit not present in the larvae of the seed-infesting species. Biological data of the species studied are discussed and illustrated with digital photographs. While the larvae of M. dumicola are parasitic in twig galls of species of Plagiotrochus on evergreen oaks of the section Ilex, M. dorsalis and M. stigmatizans are associated with galls of many cynipid genera induced on Quercus of the section Quercus.
A new Neotropical sharpshooter genus Spinagonalia (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) with description of a new species from Citrus orchards and grapevines
Authors: CAVICHIOLI RODNEY RAMIRO
Published: September 2022

The leafhoppers included in the Cicadellini are distributed all over the world, with approximately  1,100 species and 164 genera (Mejdalani, 1998) recorded from the New World. Since the generic revision of Cicadellini by Young (1977), where he redefined the known genera and erected many new ones (91), only eleven new genera (and approximately 70 new species) have been described or revalidated from the New World (Cavichioli 1996, 1998, 2000a, 2000b and 2003; Hamilton 1985; Mejdalani 1994; Nielson and Godoy 1995; Takiya et al. 2001,2003; Takiya and Cavichioli, 2005). In the present paper, a new genus and new species are proposed from Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states of Southern Brazil. This new species was collected in Citrus orchards from Santa Catarina and grapevines from Rio Grande do Sul. This species is a xylem sap specialist, like all other species of the subfamily, and a potential vector of Xylella fastidiosa.  However, this species is not a proven efficient vector of this bacterium. Specimens of the new species will not key beyond couplet 145 in Young`s (1977) key to the New World genera, because only the median anteapical cell of the forewing is open basally. The combination of characters of the male and female genitalia warrants its formal description and placement in a new genus.
Four new species of Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Pacific hot vents and cold seeps, with a key and synoptic table of characters for all genera
Authors: REUSCHER MICHAEL , FIEGE DIETER , WEHE THOMAS
Published: September 2022

Four new species of the polychaete family Ampharetidae are described from hot vents and cold seeps in the Pacific. Amage benhami sp. nov., Amphisamytha vanuatuensis sp. nov., Anobothrus apaleatus sp. nov., Glyphanostomum holthei sp. nov. For Amphisamytha vanuatuensis sp. nov., different stages in the development of branchiae are described. While this species was found in the Western Pacific, A. galapagensis is presumed to be restricted to the Eastern Pacific with Amphisamytha fauchaldi being a junior synonym. A key to members of the genera Amphisamytha and Glyphanostomum, and synoptic tables of characters for all members of the genera Amphisamytha and Anobothrus are provided. A key and synoptic table of characters comprising all genera of the Ampharetidae is also given together with a discussion of taxonomic problems within the subfamily Ampharetinae in order to clarify the taxonomy of the group. An additional table contains special information on all genera within the Ampharetinae, which show dorsal modifications on some segments.
A new species of the genus Theloderma Tschudi, 1838 (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Northwestern Vietnam
Authors: BAIN RAOUL H. , NGUYEN TRUONG Q. , DOAN KIEN V.
Published: September 2022

A new species of Theloderma is described from the Hoang Lien Mountains of northwestern Vietnam from between 1300–1400 m elevation. Theloderma lateriticum sp. nov. was found at night inside a water-filled chamber of bamboo, which was within disturbed, submontane, semi-evergreen forest. The new species of Theloderma can be immediately differentiated from all other congeners by its solid, brick-red dorsal wash and minimal foot webbing (proximal to proximal subarticular tubercle on Toe I; to level of proximal subarticular tubercle on postaxial side of II; proximal to proximal subarticular tubercle on preaxial side of III; just beyond proximal subarticular tubercle on postaxial side of III; to level of proximal subarticular tubercle on preaxial side of IV; just beyond proximal subarticular tubercle on postaxial side of IV; and just beyond proximal subarticular tubercle on preaxial side of V). The female and tadpole remain unknown.
A new species of Sibon (Squamata: Colubridae) from the mountains of eastern Guatemala
Authors: ROVITO SEAN M. , PAPENFUSS THEODORE J. , VÁSQUEZ-ALMAZÁN CARLOS R.
Published: September 2022

A new species of snake of the genus Sibon (Squamata: Colubridae) is described from La Montaña de las Granadillas, partof the Sierra del Merendón in eastern Guatemala. Sibon merendonensis is part of the S. annulatus group, and differs fromother members of the group in its scale row formula, head scalation and body size. The new species is known only from the holotype and was collected from an isolated area of cloud forest near Zacapa, Department of Zacapa, Guatemala.
Mitochondria-Targeting-Based of Paclitaxel-Loaded Triphenylphosphine-Pluronic F127-Hyaluronic Acid Nanomicelles in Multi-Drug Resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yi Da , Yazdani Yalda
Published: September 2022

Background:In this study a new novel nanomicelle (TPH) sco-loaded with triphenylphosphine (TPP)-Pluronic F127-hyaluronic acid (HA) and Paclitaxel (PTX) has been designed to treat multidrug resistant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:TPH was initially synthesized by ester bond formation with mitochondria-targeting TPP agent and TPH nanomicelles loaded with PTX (TPH/PTX) had outstanding physical characteristics in human multi drug-resistant HCC cell line Bel7402/5-FU. Cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility assessments, nanomicelle cellular absorption and mitochondrial targeting, andin vivoxenograft imaging was used to evaluate that the nonemicells delivered into target cell and components.Results:The results of fluorescence test showed that TPP could promote the fusion of nanomicells to human multi drugresistant HCC cell line Bel7402/5-FU, and targeted the mitochondria, and also improved the targeting and retention of drugs in liver tumors. The results of cell efficacy showed that TPH/PTX induced a strong apoptosis effect, which could significantly reduce the mitochondrial membrane Zeta potential, increase the level of intracellular ROS and the release of Caspase-3, significantly enhanced the pro-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2), decrease the expression level of anti-apoptotic protein (Bax).Conclusion:TPH/PTX has a promising mitochondrial targeting function, and can enhance the effect of drugs on promoting apoptosis of drug resistant HCC cells.
DNA Templated Silver Nanoclusters for Bioanalytical Applications: A Review
Authors: Li Taotao , Hu Zhiyuan , Yu Songlin , Liu Zhanjun , Zhou Xiaohong , Liu Rong , Liu Shiquan , Deng Yan , Li Song , Chen Hui , Chen Zhu
Published: September 2022

Due to their unique programmability, biocompatibility, photostability and high fluorescent quantum yield, DNA templated silver nanoclusters (DNA Ag NCs) have attracted increasing attention for bioanalytical application. This review summarizes the recent developments in fluorescence
properties of DNA templated Ag NCs, as well as their applications in bioanalysis. Finally, we herein discuss some current challenges in bioanalytical applications, to promote developments of DNA Ag NCs in biochemical analysis.
Recent Advances in Agglomeration Detection and Dual-Function Application of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)
Authors: Dai Bailin , Xu Yue , Wang Tao , Wang Shasha , Tang Li , Tang Jianxin
Published: September 2022

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been widely utilized in early detection of disease biomarkers, cell imaging, and trace contamination detection, owing to its ultra-high sensitivity. However, it is also subject to certain application restrictions in virtue of its expensive
detection equipment and long-term stability of SERS-active substrate. Recently, great progress has been made in SERS technology, represented by agglomeration method. Dual readout signal detection methods are combined with SERS, including electrochemical detection, fluorescence detection, etc.,
establishing a new fantastic viewpoint for application of SERS. In this review, we have made a comprehensive report on development of agglomeration detection and dual-function detection methods based on SERS. The synthesis methods for plasmonic materials and mainstream SERS enhancement mechanism
are also summarized. Finally, the key facing challenges are discussed and prospects are addressed.
Upscale versus “Up-Amplitude” Growth of Forecast-Error Spectra
Authors: Rotunno Richard , Snyder Chris , Judt Falko
Published: September 2022

Atmospheric predictability is measured by the average difference (or “error”) within an ensemble of forecasts starting from slightly different initial conditions. The spatial scale of the error field is a fundamental quantity; for meteorological applications, the error field typically varies with latitude and longitude and so requires a two-dimensional (2D) spectral analysis. Statistical predictability theory is based on the theory of homogeneous, isotropic turbulence, in which spectra are circularly symmetric in 2D wavenumber space. One takes advantage of this circular symmetry to reduce 2D spectra to one-dimensional (1D) spectra by integrating around a circle in wavenumber polar coordinates. In recent studies it has become common to reduce 2D error spectra to 1D by computing spectra in the zonal direction and then averaging the results over latitude. It is shown here that such 1D error spectra are generically fairly constant across the low wavenumbers as the amplitude of an error spectrum grows with time and therefore the error spectrum is said grow “up-amplitude.” In contrast computing 1D error spectra in a manner consistent with statistical predictability theory gives spectra that are peaked at intermediate wavenumbers. In certain cases, this peak wavenumber is decreasing with time as the error at that wavenumber increases and therefore the error spectrum is said to grow “upscale.” We show through theory, simple examples, and global predictability experiments that comparisons of model error spectra with the predictions of statistical predictability theory are only justified when using a theory-consistent method to transform a 2D error field to a 1D spectrum.
A Bayesian Attribution Analysis of Extreme Temperature Changes at Global and Regional Scales
Authors: Seong Min-Gyu , Min Seung-Ki , Zhang Xuebin
Published: September 2022

Recent studies showed that anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) increase is a major driver of the observed increases in extreme temperatures at global and regional scales using an optimal fingerprint (OF) method, which is a frequentist approach based on linear regression. Here, a Bayesian decision method is employed, which finds the most probable cause of the observed changes by comparing likelihoods of different forcings in view of observations. To quantify individual forcing contributions, a new modified attribution procedure based on Bayesian decision is proposed, i.e., computing the likelihood ratio [Bayes factor (BF)] between different forcings. First, the contribution of anthropogenic forcing (ANT) is measured by BF between anthropogenic-plus-natural forcing (ALL) and natural forcing (NAT) using a threshold for “substantial” evidence (lnBF ≥ 1). Similarly, the NAT contribution is assessed by BF between ALL and ANT. Further, the GHG contribution to the detected ANT is quantified by BF between ANT and anthropogenic aerosols (AA), and the AA contribution is evaluated by BF between ANT and GHG. The devised Bayesian approach is applied to HadEX3 observations and CMIP6 multimodel simulations for extreme temperature intensities (warmest day/night and coldest day/night) for global, continental, and regional domains following previous studies. Bayesian attribution results indicate that the ANT signal is detected in many continental and subregions for all extremes indices. This is generally consistent with OF-based results but with less frequent detection, indicating that the Bayesian method is slightly stricter than the OF method. However, GHG contributions to the detected ANT are identified over more subregions in the Bayesian attribution, suggesting its potential advantage over conventional methods in case of low signal-to-noise ratio and high collinearity.
Impact of Tropical Cyclone Wind Forcing on the Global Climate in a Fully Coupled Climate Model
Authors: Li Hui , Hu Aixue , Meehl Gerald A. , Rosenbloom Nan , Strand Warren G.
Published: September 2022

Tropical cyclones (TCs) alter upper-ocean temperature and influence ocean heat content via enhanced turbulent mixing. A better understanding of the role of TCs within the climate system requires a fully coupled modeling framework, where TC-induced ocean responses feed back to the atmosphere and subsequently to the climate mean state and variability. Here, we investigate the impacts of TC wind forcing on the global ocean and the associated feedbacks within the climate system using the fully coupled Community Earth System Model version 1.3 (CESM1.3). Using the low-resolution version of CESM1.3 (1° atmosphere and ocean grid spacing) with no intrinsic TCs, we conduct a suite of sensitivity experiments by inserting TC winds extracted from a high-resolution (0.25° atmosphere grid spacing) TC-permitting simulation into the low-resolution model. Results from the low-resolution TC experiment are compared to a low-resolution control simulation to diagnose TCs’ impact. We found that the added TC winds can increase ocean heat content by affecting ocean vertical mixing, air–sea enthalpy fluxes, and cloud amount. The added TCs can influence mean SST, precipitation, ocean subsurface temperature, and ocean mixed layer depth. We found a strengthening of the wind-driven subtropical cells and a weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation due to the changes of surface buoyancy fluxes. TCs in the model cause anomalous equatorward ocean heat convergence in the deep tropics and an increase of poleward ocean heat transport out of the subtropics. Our modeling results provide new insights into the multiscale interactions between TCs and the coupled climate system.
Evaluation of Model Summertime Boundary Layer Cloud Development over Complex Terrain in New York State
Authors: Min Lanxi , Min Qilong , Du Yuyi
Published: September 2022

Weather forecasting over complex terrain with diverse land cover is challenging. Utilizing the high-resolution observations from New York State Mesonet (NYSM), we are able to evaluate the surface processes of the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) Model in a detailed, scale-dependent manner. In the study, possible impacts of land–atmosphere interaction on surface meteorology and boundary layer cloud development are investigated with different model resolutions, land surface models (LSMs), and planetary boundary layer (PBL) physical parameterizations. The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh, version 3 (HRRR), forecasting model is used as a reference for the sensitivity evaluation. Results show that over complex terrain, the high-resolution simulations (1 km × 60 vertical levels) generally perform better compared to low-resolution (3 km × 50 levels) in both surface meteorology and cloud fields. LSMs play a more important role in surface meteorology compared to PBL schemes. The NoahMP land surface model exhibits daytime warmer and drier biases compared to the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) due to better prediction of the Bowen ratio in RUC. The PBL schemes would affect the convective strength in the boundary layer. The Shin–Hong (SH) scale-aware scheme tends to produce the strongest convective strength in the PBL, while the ACM2 PBL scheme rarely resolved convection even at 1-km resolution. By considering the radiation effect of subgrid-scale (SGS) clouds, the Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino eddy diffusivity mass flux (MYNN-EDMF) predicted the highest cloud coverage and lowest surface solar radiation bias. The configuration of SGS clouds in MYNN-EDMF would not only significantly reduce shortwave radiation bias, but also affect the convection behaviors through land surface–cloud–radiation interaction.
An Optimal Interpolation–Based Snow Data Assimilation for NOAA’s Unified Forecast System (UFS)
Authors: Gichamo Tseganeh Z. , Draper Clara S.
Published: September 2022

Within the National Weather Service’s Unified Forecast System (UFS), snow depth and snow cover observations are assimilated once daily using a rule-based method designed to correct for gross errors. While this approach improved the forecasts over its predecessors, it is now quite outdated and is likely to result in suboptimal analysis. We have then implemented and evaluated a snow data assimilation using the 2D optimal interpolation (OI) method, which accounts for model and observation errors and their spatial correlations as a function of distances between the observations and model grid cells. The performance of the OI was evaluated by assimilating daily snow depth observations from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) and the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS) snow cover data into the UFS, from October 2019 to March 2020. Compared to the control analysis, which is very similar to the method currently in operational use, the OI improves the forecast snow depth and snow cover. For instance, the unbiased snow depth root-mean-squared error (ubRMSE) was reduced by 45 mm and the snow cover hit rate increased by 4%. This leads to modest improvements to globally averaged near-surface temperature (an average reduction of 0.23 K in temperature bias), with significant local improvements in some regions (much of Asia, the central United States). The reduction in near-surface temperature error was primarily caused by improved snow cover fraction from the data assimilation. Based on these results, the OI DA is currently being transitioned into operational use for the UFS.

Significance Statement

Weather and climate forecasting systems rely on accurate modeling of the evolution of atmospheric, oceanic, and land processes. In addition, model forecasts are substantially improved by continuous incorporation of observations to models, through a process called data assimilation. In this work, we upgraded the snow data assimilation used in the U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) global weather prediction system. Compared to the method currently in operational use, the new snow data assimilation improves both the forecasted snow quantity and near-surface air temperatures over snowy regions. Based on the positive results obtained in the experiments presented here, the new snow data assimilation method is being implemented in the NWS operational forecast system.
Prophylactic Dose of Dalteparin in Pregnant Women With History of Venous Thromboembolisms and/or Thrombophilia: Real-World Data
Authors: Novak Petra , Novak Anja , Šabović Mišo , Kozak Matija
Published: September 2022

Women with a history of venous thromboembolisms (VTEs) and/or thrombophilia are at increased risk of VTE during pregnancy. We analysed our cohort of such women who were treated with a prophylactic doses of dalteparin. 152 pregnant women with 179 pregnancies were classified into 3 groups: (1) previous VTE without thrombophilia (122 pregnancies); (2) previous VTE with thrombophilia (26 pregnancies) and (3) thrombophilia only (31 pregnancies). They were treated with prophylactic dalteparin in the prepartum and postpartum periods or only in the postpartum period. Occurrences of symptomatic VTE and bleeding episodes were followed, as well as dalteparin discontinuation and anti-Xa activity. Symptomatic deep vein thrombosis occurred in 4 women (2.2%) with 2 episodes in group 1 (in the postpartum period) and 2 episodes in group 2 (one in the prepartum and another in the postpartum period). Seven episodes (3.9%) of minor bleeding occurred. Dalteparin was not stopped in any women. Anti-Xa levels were within the prophylactic range. Our real-world data show a low incidence of thrombosis and minor bleeding in pregnant women treated with prophylactic dalteparin. The incidence of recurrent VTE was lower than that reported in women with similar risk, but without prophylactic anticoagulation.
Clinical Predictors of Coronary Artery Ectasia
Authors: Gahlan Preeti , Gupta Deebanshu , Mutha Samkit , Shah Sanjay , Patel Tejas
Published: September 2022

Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is defined as abnormal dilation of a coronary artery ≥1.5 times the normal segment. We aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical predictors of CAE. This was a prospective analysis performed on 6465 patients undergoing coronary angiography. Patients were divided based on the presence or absence of CAE and compared for angiographic characteristics and clinical risk factors. The prevalence of CAE was 7%, CAE associated with coronary artery stenosis was 5.4%, and isolated CAE was 1.6%. The mean age of presentation in CAE patients was 60 years, with male predominance (83.8%) and stable angina was the most common presentation. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) (51.7%) was the most commonly involved vessel, with diffuse ectasia more commonly seen in right coronary artery and discrete ectasia in LAD. Type 4 CAE was the most common type (92.4%). Hypertension, diabetes, smoking, dyslipidemia, and obesity were found in 62.4%, 35.3%, 45.3%, 54.9%, and 23.3%, respectively in CAE patients, with significant association with smoking (Odds Ratio = 3.06). The prevalence of CAE was 7% and was frequently associated with atherosclerotic coronary disease. Smoking was a significant predisposing factor for CAE.
Parametric chamfer alignment based on mesh deformation
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Ren Xinyang , Yang Xianqiang
Published: September 2022

Alignment for natural images in unconstrained environment is a challenging task. Despite the success for complex deformation, existing feature-based methods may be confused in low-textured regions where features are insufficient, while pixel-based approaches may fail when color changes. In this paper, a parametric chamfer alignment method based on mesh warping model is proposed. Warped positions of mesh vertices are considered as parameters and estimated by optimizing an object function, which measures the chamfer distance of edges and the smoothness of warping. To distinguish the sharpness of pixels, edges are detected through K-means cluster and weights are attached to different levels of edge points. In addition, after the warping model is initialized by feature-based alignment, a growing technique for registering the vertices is presented. Experiment shows that the proposed method outperforms some state-of-the-arts on real data and can be applied in stitching ceramic sanitary ware images.
A fast recognition algorithm of ship hatch in bulk cargo terminal based on point cloud contour extraction
Authors: Li Yuan , Li Zhan , Yang Yipeng , Zhao Lijun , Yang Liu
Published: September 2022

Port loading automation systems can improve the efficiency of cargo transfer, save port operation time and create greater economic benefits. The recognition of ship hatch is the basis and premise of building an automatic loading system, it is a major time cost in the loading system meanwhile. How to identify the hatch quickly and accurately is an important problem that needs to be solved urgently under the actual production needs of ports. In order to save the time of ship hatch recognition, this paper proposes a fast hatch recognition algorithm based on point cloud contour extraction. The ship point cloud model generated by lidar scanning is preprocessed to remove the noise and isolated points in the model. Projecting the preprocessed point cloud on the XOY plane, converting the three-dimensional point cloud into a two-dimensional image, extracting the outline further getting the point cloud pixels with linear features of the two-dimensional image by [Formula: see text] algorithm. Projecting the feature point cloud to the X-axis to classify the hatches. According to the center point of each class of point cloud, searching for the nearest neighbor hatch edge feature points to calculate hatch coordinates in the world frame. An experimental study was carried out on the scan data of actual docked ships at Guoneng Tianjin Port. The results show that the algorithm can realize the hatch recognition quickly which the speed is increased by 424% compared with the previous algorithm and the identification accuracy meets the actual production needs of the port.
3D map building based on extrinsic sensor calibration method and object contour detector with a fully convolutional neural network
Authors: Dai Yanyan , Lee KiDong
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we propose a simple method to obtain an object’s 3D coordinate information in one image, using one monocular camera and two 2D LiDAR sensors, which are widely used low-cost sensors. An extrinsic calibration method is used for each LiDAR sensor to transfer LiDAR coordinate to camera pixel coordinate in one image. The proportion factor [Formula: see text] is calculated, based on the relationship of pixel from calibration points and distance from detected points of two LiDAR sensors. In order to create a correct 3D map, a deep learning algorithm for real-time object contour detection with a fully Convolutional Neural Network is proposed, through gathering data, labeling data, training model, and testing object contour detector. For 3D map building, by the proportion factor [Formula: see text] and the detector contour feature pixels, the height of the object is obtained. Combining with LiDAR sensor’s detection information, the 3D posture of the object is obtained. Based on the proposed extrinsic sensor calibration method and the object contour detect result, virtual points of the object are calculated. Finally, the experiment results show the 3D coordinate information of the detected single or multiple objects. Assembling sensors and a controller on a Kobuki robot, the indoor 3D map is built based on the proposed methods.
Targeting and Public Opinion: An Experimental Analysis in Ukraine
Authors: Lupu Yonatan , Wallace Geoffrey P. R.
Published: September 2022

How does targeting in armed conflict affect public opinion in conflict zones? Armed actors choose between targeting militaries and civilians, further choosing whether to target civilians discriminately or indiscriminately. Existing work suggests these choices have important implications for conflict dynamics, in part by influencing public opinion, yet the causal effects of these choices on individual attitudes have not been clearly established. We conduct a survey experiment in the Donbas region of Ukraine, an area that has witnessed years of protracted fighting. We find that reports of civilian targeting robustly reduce approval of both the government and separatist forces. However, we find that the effects of discriminate civilian targeting are not statistically distinguishable from those of indiscriminate civilian targeting. Finally, we find that our respondents generally preferred a restrained, rather than reciprocal, response from actors in this armed conflict. We explain the implications of our findings for theories of wartime violence.
Human Bone Marrow Cell Extracts Mitigate Radiation Injury to Salivary Gland
Authors: Su X. , Liu Y. , ElKashty O. , Seuntjens J. , Yamada K.M. , Tran S.D.
Published: September 2022

Mitigation of irradiation injury to salivary glands was previously reported using a cell-free extract from mouse bone marrow. However, to bring this potential therapy a step closer to clinical application, a human bone marrow cell extract (BMCE) needs to be tested. Here, we report that irradiation-induced injury of salivary glands in immunocompetent mice treated with human BMCE secreted 50% more saliva than saline-injected mice, and BMCE did not cause additional acute inflammatory reaction. In addition, to identify the cell fraction in BMCE with the most therapeutic activity, we sorted human bone marrow into 3 cell fractions (mononuclear, granulocyte, and red blood cells) and tested their respective cell extracts. We identified that the mononuclear cell extract (MCE) provided the best therapeutic efficacy. It increased salivary flow 50% to 73% for 16 wk, preserved salivary parenchymal and stromal cells, and doubled cell proliferation rates while producing less inflammatory response. In contrast, the cell extract of granulocytes was of shorter efficacy and induced an acute inflammatory response, while that from red blood cells was not therapeutically effective for salivary function. Several proangiogenic (MMP-8, MMP-9, VEGF, uPA) and antiangiogenic factors (TSP-1, PF4, TIMP-1, PAI-1) were identified in MCE. Added advantages of BMCE and MCE for potential clinical use were that cell extracts from both male and female donors were comparably bioactive and that cell extracts could be stored and transported much more conveniently than cells. These findings suggest human BMCE, specifically the MCE fraction, is a promising therapy against irradiation-induced salivary hypofunction.
UCHL1 Impairs Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Osteogenesis in Periodontitis
Authors: Lin L. , Li S. , Hu S. , Yu W. , Jiang B. , Mao C. , Li G. , Yang R. , Miao X. , Jin M. , Gu Y. , Lu E.
Published: September 2022

Periodontitis comprises a series of inflammatory responses resulting in alveolar bone loss. The suppression of osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) by inflammation is responsible for impaired alveolar bone regeneration, which remains an ongoing challenge for periodontitis therapy. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) belongs to the family of deubiquitinating enzymes, which was found to play roles in inflammation previously. In this study, the upregulation of UCHL1 was identified in inflamed PDLSCs isolated from periodontitis patients and in healthy PDLSCs treated with tumor necrosis factor–α or interleukin–1β, and the higher expression level of UCHL1 was accompanied with the impaired osteogenesis of PDLSCs. Then UCHL1 was inhibited in PDLSCs using the lentivirus or inhibitor, and the osteogenesis of PDLSCs suppressed by inflammation was rescued by UCHL1 inhibition. Mechanistically, the negative effect of UCHL1 on the osteogenesis of PDLSCs was attributable to its negative regulation of mitophagy-dependent bone morphogenetic protein 2/Smad signaling pathway in periodontitis-associated inflammation. Furthermore, a ligature-induced murine periodontitis model was established, and the specific inhibitor of UCHL1 was administrated to periodontitis mice. The histological results showed increased active osteoblasts on alveolar bone surface and enhanced alveolar bone regeneration when UCHL1 was inhibited in periodontitis mice. Besides, the therapeutic effects of UCHL1 inhibition on ameliorating periodontitis were verified, as indicated by less bone loss and reduced inflammation. Altogether, our study proved UCHL1 to be a key negative regulator of the osteogenesis of PDLSCs in periodontitis and suggested that UCHL1 inhibition holds promise for alveolar bone regeneration in periodontitis treatment.
The Role of Endothelial Barrier Function in the Fibrosis of Salivary Gland
Authors: Mao X.D. , Min S.N. , Zhu M.Q. , He L. , Zhang Y. , Li J.W. , Tian Y.X. , Yu G.Y. , Wu L.L. , Cong X.
Published: September 2022

In the salivary glands, fibrosis occurs in many pathological conditions. Endothelial tight junction (TJ)–based barrier function plays a vital role in maintaining the homeostasis of the salivary glands. However, whether endothelial barrier function is changed and involved in the pathogenesis of glandular fibrosis is unknown. Here, by using a mouse model in which the main excretory duct of the submandibular gland (SMG) was ligated to induce inflammation and fibrosis, endothelial barrier function and TJ protein expression and distribution were examined. Both 4-kDa and 70-kDa fluorescence-labeled dextrans permeated more in the 1-, 3-, and 7-d ligated SMGs. Meanwhile, the mRNA level of claudin-5 was increased with an obvious redistribution from apicolateral membranes to lateral membranes and cytoplasm in the fibrotic glands. Notably, the TJ sealer AT1001 significantly attenuated the disrupted endothelial barrier function and thereby ameliorated the glandular fibrosis. Cytokine array detection showed that monocyte chemoattractant protein–1 (MCP-1) was highly enriched in the 3-d ligated SMGs, and MCP-1 directly impaired barrier function, increased claudin-5 expression, induced the relocalization of claudin-5, and activated p-ERK1/2 in cultured human endothelial cells. Furthermore, the upregulation and disorganization of claudin-5 as well as the elevation of MCP-1 and p-ERK1/2 signaling were also confirmed in fibrotic SMGs from patients with chronic sialadenitis and immunoglobulin G4–related sialadenitis. Altogether, our findings revealed that disrupted endothelial barrier function contributed to the progression of glandular fibrosis, and targeting endothelial TJs might be a promising approach to alleviate salivary gland fibrosis-related diseases.
From Secondary School to University: Associations Between Domain-Specific Sedentary Behaviors and Lifestyle Risk Behaviors
Authors: Arumi-Prat Ignasi , Cirera Eva , McKenna Jim , Puig-Ribera Anna Maria
Published: September 2022

This study examined associations between changes in domain-specific sedentary behaviors and changes in health-related lifestyles of Spanish secondary school students (n = 113) to their first year of university. During the transitions from the end of high school to the beginning of university, engagement in sedentary behaviors have emerged as potential additional behavioral risk factors. Understanding how sedentary behaviors interconnect with other (un)healthy behaviors will inform interventions on multiple risk behaviors across this critical life period. A 3-year longitudinal survey assessed associations between domain-specific sedentary behaviors and leisure time physical activity (IPAQ), alcohol and tobacco consumption, and fruit and vegetable intake (24-h dietary recall), using Generalized Estimating Equations. Spending time on sedentary transportation was associated with a greater likelihood of smoking, whereas sedentary weekend homework was associated with a reduced likelihood of consuming alcohol. The lowest and highest tertiles for sedentary screen use and leisure-time PA were also less likely not to meet the recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption. For specific sedentary behaviors, associations were gender-based or affected by leisure time physical activity. From secondary school to university, specific sedentary behaviors are linked to lifestyle risk factors. Over this transitional period, public health interventions targeting reduced sedentary behaviors may bring multiple benefits by also preventing other harmful behaviors.
Revisiting destructive operations to prevent second stage caesarean section in COVID times: A case series
Authors: Nain Shilpi , Suman Shalini , Meena Deepika , Lal Prabha , Kumar Manisha , Puri Manju
Published: September 2022

Destructive operations diminish the bulk of the foetus for facilitating vaginal delivery. Procedures such as craniotomy or decapitation can be carried out to deliver a dead baby in appropriately selected cases. Ours is a retrospective case series at a single tertiary facility during the first wave of the COVID pandemic. From July 2020 to January 2021, six destructive operations (five craniotomies and one decapitation) were performed in women who had arrest of descent in the second stage of labour but had intrapartum foetal demise. The average operative time was 30 minutes with a mean hospital stay of 4.3 days, which was significantly less than CS, and with much less morbidity. None of these women had significant post-partum haemorrhage or sepsis. Destructive procedures should be considered for better obstetric future of the patient, and a lesser burden on the health facility. What was practiced in COVID times should be extended beyond.