bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Architecture and Phenomenology: Introduction
Authors: O’ Byrne Brendan , Healy Patrick
Published: November 2023

The implications of philosophical aesthetics in the consideration of architecture have been relatively slight. Part of the reason is the neglect of architecture in the work of Baumgarten, Burke and Kant. Within the discourse of architecture the questions raised for philosophical consideration arising out of practice restricted the area of reflection and investigation. The dominant positions were to become either a version of neo-Kantianism, or a direct re-working of Hegel’s Lectures on Aesthetics. The significance of Kant’s distinction between ‘free’ and ‘dependent beauty’ is analysed, and in consequence the need to philosophically question again the relation of architecture to buiding, to dwelling and space. For this the question of accessibility as raised in the phenomenological enquiry, in the work of Brentano, Sartre, Bachelard, Merleau-Ponty, and especially Heidegger points to a different route for the appraisal of philosophical and architectural relations which are exhibited in the contributions of the 10 authors to this issue of Footprint.
Placing the Fourfold: Topology as Environmental Design
Authors: Teal Randall
Published: November 2023

In his later writing, Martin Heidegger outlines an existential structure called the fourfold, which is composed of earth, sky, mortals, and divinities. Gathering the fourfold is the ‘thing’, which, by its ‘thinging’ makes manifest a world. This is the happening of ‘place’, and Heidegger’s descriptions of this happening offer a certain lyrical beauty, but are not particularly illuminating if left undigested. In order to get to the real wealth one must examine the phenomena suggested, moving beyond the intellect into the experiences themselves. In light of such reading, considering environmental issues – particularly the way we build– might suggest directions toward more responsive and attuned practices that both acknowledge and activate the nuances of place. Although Heidegger says at the beginning of his essay “Building Dwelling Thinking” that he is not trying to ‘discover architectural ideas’ or develop ‘rules for building’, I still believe it is important to delve into this work with an eye toward architecture, as he lays out some beautiful and insightful ideas by which we might better assess our place in the environment. If we read Heidegger with the phenomena in mind, a richness emerges from the poetic quality of his writing that reflects the imbrication of time, culture, growth, human responsibility, and those things of significance within our world. My hope is that through such reading and thinking, possibilities might surface for designers to develop deeper phenomenological connections between building and place. In this way, Heidegger’s poetic descriptions of the thing and the fourfold can be a catalyst in shedding new light on the way we think about building with environments. This approach seeks to question the often myopic view of sustainability as technological upgrade and instrumental efficiency; for example, solar panels on a sweatshop would not demonstrate the depth of attunement that Heidegger’s writings endorse. In order to move beyond simply limiting ecological damage and maximising natural resources, it becomes important for mortals to create things that bring us together with the earth, sky, and divinities; and in so doing gather a place for a sustainable future.
Tools: Stuff: Art
Authors: Kirshner David
Published: November 2023

Between 1890 and 1898 Erik Satie lived at 6 rue Cortot: ‘in a wardrobe’. Satie was a collector […]. After his death his wardrobe was found to contain 84 handkerchiefs besides 12 identical velvet suits and dozens of umbrellas.  Trois morceaux en forme de poire […] three pieces in the form of a pear. The title of a piano piece in seven parts by Erik Satie. Satie composed this piece in response to Debussy's criticism that his works lacked a 'sense of form'. What exactly did Debussy mean by this? Where and what actually was this scene of formlessness?  The first part of the Paper will advance some possible reasoning behind Debussy's comments. Was Debussy questioning Satie's attitude to what Heidegger [in The Origin of the Work of Art] would term the 'thingly' element of the Work of Art, or more precisely – the relationship between 'things' and the 'thing in itself'? Heidegger's contemplation of 'Form' and his writings on 'tools', 'material' and 'art', and the section dealing with the Temple provides an interesting locus in which to discus Debussy's comments. The second section gives some ideas of how I reinterpreted this argument to produce a series of visual works inspired by another of Satie's works, Furniture Music – Musique d' ameublement, a piece of music that was not to be listened to.  Milhaud later recounted: ‘It was no use Satie shouting: “Talk for heaven's sake! Move around! Don't listen!” They kept quiet. They listened. The whole thing went wrong.’
Agency in Architecture: Reframing Criticality in Theory and Practice
Authors: Doucet Isabelle , Cupers Kenny
Published: November 2023

Whether critiquing the architect’s societal position and the role of the user, conceptualising the performative dimension of the architectural object, or considering the effects of theory for architecture at large, current debates in architecture intersect in the notion of agency. As fundamental as it is often taken for granted, this notion forms the keystone of this issue, inviting contributors to rethink architecture’s specificity, its performance, and its social and political relevance. Agency in architecture inevitably entails questioning the relation between theory and practice, and what it might mean to be critical – both inside and outside architecture – today. The main proposal is to rethink contemporary criticality in architecture, by explicating the notion of agency in three major directions: first, ‘the agency of what?’ or the question of multiplicity and relationality; second, ‘how does it work?’, a question referring to location, mode and vehicle; and third, ‘to what effect?’, bringing up the notion of intentionality.
Notes on Post-criticality: Towards an Architecture of Reflexive Modernisation
Authors: Cowherd Robert
Published: November 2023

Since around 2002, the performance of critical theory in architecture and the humanities has itself undergone a critical re-evaluation. Authors representing divergent perspectives, from theory’s perennial naysayers to the standard bearers of critical theory themselves, have converged towards a similar conclusion: judged by outcomes, critical theory has proven ineffective at best, and arguably, corrosive to human progress. In architecture, the debate has revolved around the identification of a ‘critical architecture’ in education and production since the 1970s. In apparent rejection of the isolation and purity of critical architecture’s orthodoxy, Rem Koolhaas and others have chosen engagement with the forces (and commissions) of late capitalism to which the term ‘post-criticality’ has been applied.

Beyond the confining dichotomies of the post-criticality debate is a perspective offered by sociologists Ulrich Beck, Scott Lash and Anthony Giddens on what they have called a ‘second modernity’ or ‘reflexive modernisation’. This literature re-contextualises the modern-postmodern pairing within the larger trajectory of modernity and identifies a characteristic distinction from former modernities in the term ‘reflexivity’. Where high modernism pursued utopian ideals of pure form and functional simplicity, reflexive modernisation acknowledges contingency in human systems establishing feedback loops that trigger course corrections in the process of modernisation itself. 

Operating against the ossifications of twentieth-century modernity, reflexivity opens prospects for a second modernisation characterised by a heightened capacity to deal with complexity and time. Speculative architectures of reflexive modernisation benefit from a re-engagement in real-world problems, particularly at the scale of the city. To what extent can considerations of political economy, culture, globalisation, and environmental crisis be translated into the explicit performance criteria and computational parameters? What role is there for tools forged in the fires of ‘critical architecture’ in the emerging architectural creativity increasingly characterised by complexity, provisional outcomes, and unpredictable form?
The Question of Metropolitan Form: Introduction
Authors: Prosperi David , Vernez Moudon Anne , Claessens François
Published: November 2023

Posing the concept of ‘metropolitan form’ as a question, as in the call for papers for this issue of Footprint, is an absolute necessity at this stage of development of urbanised areas. Many of the papers in this issue begin with the straw-man notion of a formless agglomeration of activities and spaces, the – for lack of a better phrase – postmodern urban experience.[1] There is a persistent theme in the related literatures of architecture, urban design and urban and regional planning that the physical form of the contemporary metropolis is un-describable. Soja’s six metaphors (post-Fordist industrial, cosmopolis, expolis, fractal city, carceral archipelago, simcities) are being indicative of the wide range of possible images.[2] The eight papers in this issue of Footprint take an opposite approach. They begin to trace the contours of the debate around how the noun ‘metropolitan form’ might be understood, how it might be studied, and how it might be possible to move from an empirical understanding of its structure to more intuitive design solutions.
Kinetic Digitally-Driven Architectural Structures as ‘Marginal’ Objects – a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Yiannoudes Sokratis
Published: November 2023

Although the most important reasons for designing digitally-driven kinetic architectural structures seem to be practical ones, namely functional flexibility and adaptation to changing conditions and needs, this paper argues that there is possibly an additional socio-cultural aspect driving their design and construction. Through this argument, the paper attempts to debate their status and question their concepts and practices.

Looking at the design explorations and discourses of real or visionary technologically-augmented architecture since the 1960s, one cannot fail to notice the use of biological metaphors and concepts to describe them – an attempt to ‘naturalise’ them which culminates today in the conception of kinetic structures and intelligent environments as literally ‘alive’. Examining these attitudes in contemporary examples, the paper demonstrates that digitally-driven kinetic structures can be conceived as artificial ‘living’ machines that undermine the boundary between the natural and the artificial. It argues that by ‘humanising’ these structures, attributing biological characteristics such as self-initiated motion, intelligence and reactivity, their designers are ‘trying’ to subvert and blur the human-machine (-architecture) discontinuity.

The argument is developed by building a conceptual framework which is based on evidence from the social studies of science and technology, in particular their critique in modern nature-culture and human-machine distinctions, as well as the history and theory of artificial life which discuss the cultural significance and sociology of ‘living’ objects. In particular, the paper looks into the techno-scientific discourses and practices which, since the 18th century, have been exploring the creation of ‘marginal’ objects, i.e. seemingly alive objects made to challenge the nature-artifice boundary.
Modulating Territories, Penetrating Boundaries
Authors: Hosale MarkDavid , Kievid Chris
Published: November 2023

Drawing boundaries, defining territories: these are terms one could use to describe the activity of an architect. Architects can create constraints through the use of designed elements that help determine the flow of movement, perception, and usage of space. Boundaries imply the absence of flow, territories control the freedom of movement, and both imply a predetermined constraint. Conventionally a territory is conceived of as being fairly static, or at least moving slowly, on a historical scale through time. However, when the spaces in and around the building body can be programmed and driven, time-based morphology becomes a subject for architectural design.

Research at the Hyperbody group at Delft Technical University addresses the development of architecture in terms of changing paradigms indicated by new technology and dynamic forms through prototypes and experiments. Projects such as the InteractiveWall are driven by the advancements in cross-disciplinary technical possibilities, and inspired by profound and ongoing cultural changes reflected in the dynamic dissemination of knowledge and information in our daily lives.
Avant-Garde, Aestheticization and the Economy
Authors: Müller Michael
Published: November 2023

It would very much seem as though the avant-garde in post-war Germany had initially lost sight of the previously politically grounded programmatic narratives. Moreover, it seemed quite obsolete to insist on the destruction of the affirmative. After all, had it not been the Nazis who had pursued such destruction far more successfully than the avant-gardes before them, albeit with completely opposite goals in mind?

For this reason, it seemed so compelling to regard the restoration of the avant-garde via the renewed recourse to the autonomy of art as an expression of an anti-fascist stance. The linkage of emancipation of individual subjectivity and radical social change called for by the avant-gardes now collapses once again. In the years that followed, the conservative cultural position repeatedly turned on attempts to closely link aesthetic innovation with social change.

This taming of a recalcitrant art was followed in the early 1970s, after a brief intermezzo at the end of the 1960s, by talk of the failure of the avant-garde, before being subjected to outrageous defamation ten years later (particularly in architecture).
The question of whether today the universalization of the aesthetic has indirectly realized the hopes of the avant-gardes of an aesthetics of and in lived practice, will be the subject of my remarks.
Architecture and the Ideology of Productivity: Four Public Housing Projects by Groupe Structures in Brussels (1950-65)
Authors: Sterken Sven
Published: November 2023

The field of public housing in Belgium formed the backdrop for two crucial phenomena in the shaping of the welfare state: first, the general compartmentalization along ideological lines of all aspects of society, including housing policy and town planning; second, the adaptation of the nation’s industry, and the building trade in particular, to postwar economic conditions. In the study of welfare state housing policies in Belgium, the latter aspect has so far been overlooked. This paper therefore proposes to look into a couple of public housing projects by Groupe Structures, the largest architectural firm in the country in the postwar period. As it will be argued, the stylistic and typological evolution of these schemes reveals the growing impact of a ‘productivist ideology’ on public housing in the 1950s. Paralyzed by the steeply rising building costs, the central buzzwords became standardization, industrialization and prefabrication. However, as the paper argues, the productivity doctrine failed to live up to its expectations as the sector’s turnover remained too marginal to put sufficient pressure on the construction industry.
Thesis-Building: Architecture, Alchemy and the Constructive Moment(s) of a Doctoral Dissertation
Authors: de Bruijn Willem
Published: November 2023

This paper looks back at the long and sometimes difficult process of doing a ‘PhD’. It asks how certain ‘moments’ in the building of a doctoral thesis – moments of conception, of discovery, of despair, of truth, of revelation and of jouissance – inform the building of a thesis. By revisiting these moments, the paper traces the genesis of the author’s thesis on Architecture and Alchemy and explores the metaphor of construction encountered in the work of cultural theorist Walter Benjamin.

Drawing on some of the historical sources of the thesis, in particular the emblem books of seventeenth-century alchemist Michael Maier (1568-1622), the paper argues that the above-named ‘moments’ in a PhD constitute an ensemble of impassioned investment, which can be known as the PhD-pathos. This paper, then, can be read as no more, or less, than a pathological guide to the PhD, where architecture and alchemy come into play as polar opposites in the process of construction and change that thesis-building is.
[Re]Forming Public Space: A Critique of Hong Kong’s Park Governance through Architectural Intervention
Authors: Carlow Jason
Published: November 2023

This paper’s point of departure is a critique of the Hong Kong government’s somewhat rigid approach to regulating the public spaces of its parks. As an antidote to a rule-bound and somewhat restrictive set of policies, four groups of architecture students at the University of Hong Kong have designed various interventions for a public park in Hong Kong. The projects, entitled Pixel Wall, Fence Off, Border Mender, and Rocky present alternative ways of activating public space through architectural design.
How to Think Constructivism? Ruskin, Spuybroek and Deleuze on Gothic Architecture
Authors: Swiatkowski Piotrek
Published: November 2023

In the Gothic architecture Lars Spuybroek discovers a vitalist ontology that allows him to rethink the nature of constructivism. The vitalist beauty emerges out of a particular field of material forces and is not an actualisation of a pre-given model. His analysis leads to a critique of the work of Deleuze and Guattari, who are portrayed as philosophers of the sublime. Their resistance to the signifying semiotics leads them too far. They unjustly claim that the Gothic structures emerge due to an affirmation of chaos and not in a careful process of construction. In my paper, I will nevertheless demonstrate that Spuybroek’s critique misses a fundamental point of their analysis. Only phantasms or spiritual becomings - concepts lacking in the analysis of Spuybroek - can allow for a proper appreciation of the Gothic and of the process of construction.
What Will the Architect Be Doing Next? How is the profession of the architect evolving as the focus of society shifts from sustainability to resilience or reactivist-driven design demands?
Authors: Mooi Alexander
Published: November 2023

A more engaging and visionary role for architects is emerging, altering focus from a technological advisor to a more sociological engineer or entrepreneur. By researching a selection of current architectural practices an attempt is made to describe this evolution of the architect’s role and to assess if this is truly a new development or even a paradigm shift. Based upon on an analysis of texts by scholars and written conversations with architects on the subject of sustainable architecture, resilient architecture, agency in architecture and reactivist architecture, supplemented with additional statements by architects on the matter of architectural practice, an evolution of this role made clear and put into perspective. The aim of this review therefore is to distil some kind consensus within architectural practice of how the architect’s role is to evolve in the foreseeable future. It appears that reactivist architecture as a descriptive set of principles has absorbed elements of all of the above, becoming more than the sums of its parts and allowing for a new role for the architect to emerge.
Common Space as Threshold Space: Urban Commoning in Struggles to Re-appropriate Public Space
Authors: Stavrides Stavros
Published: November 2023

This paper will explore contemporary practices of urban commoning while attempting to construct a theoretical argument on the inherently emancipating potentialities of common space. Urban commoning will be considered as a set of spatial practices through which space is created both as a good to be shared and as a medium that can give form to institutions of sharing. In order for commoning to remain an open process that continuously expands without being contained in any form of enclosure, it has to invite newcomers. Shared spaces, open to newcomers, are spaces defined neither by a prevailing authority that supervises their use, nor by a closed community that controls them by excluding all ‘outsiders’. Common spaces are thus dependent upon their power to communicate and connect rather than separate. Common spaces are threshold spaces, connecting and comparing adjacent areas at the same time. In practices of common space creation, commoners create areas of encounter and collective self-management. Rules of use are also of a threshold character, constantly in the making. Likewise, subjects of use are threshold subjects: for commoning to remain open and ever expanding, commoners have to consider themselves open to transformative negotiations with newcomers.

This paper will thus attempt to understand urban commoning as a multifaceted process which produces spaces, subjects of use (inhabitants) and rules of use (institutions) that share the same qualitative characteristics. In such a prospect, urban commoning can prefigure forms of social relations based on sharing, cooperation and solidarity. In this way, space becomes not simply a common product but also the means through which egalitarian social relations can potentially be shaped.
Instituting Commoning
Authors: STEALTH.unlimited .
Published: November 2023

Starting from the origins of the notion of management, this paper explores how commons governance is constituted by the earlier influential research of Elinor Ostrom, and pursues this with reference to scholars such as Saki Bailey, who emphasises that the choice of regulatory frame is ultimately a political one. We then argue that commons have to be ‘instituted’ in an open manner in order to remain accessible. This demands a set of scripts, rules or agreements that keep the process of commoning in place, and, simultaneously, keep commoning in a constant process of reproduction. We examine this tension and look at the shift in understanding about what ‘institutions of the commons’ have entailed in practice over the course of the last century and a half. Finally, we return to the political dimension to touch upon the question of whether, with the disappearance of the welfare state, a coherent concept of society can emerge from the current upsurge of commons initiatives.
Open-Source Urbanism: Creating, Multiplying and Managing Urban Commons
Authors: Bradley Karin
Published: November 2023

Within contemporary architecture and urbanism there is marked interest in urban commons. This paper explores the creation of temporary urban commons, or, more specifically, what can be called ‘open-source urbanism’. Citing two practices – urban commons initiated by Atelier d’architecture autogérée in Paris, and Park(ing) Day initiated by San Francisco-based Rebar – I argue that these practices can be understood as open-source urbanism since their initiators act as open-source programmers, constructing practice manuals to be freely copied, used, developed and shared, thus producing self-managed commons. Although this tradition of ‘commoning’ is not new, it is currently being reinvented with the use of digital technologies. Combining Elinor Ostrom’s analysis of self-managed natural resource commons with Yochai Benkler’s assertion that commons-based peer production constitutes a ‘third mode of production’ that lies beyond capitalism, socialism and their blends, I argue that open-source urbanism critiques both government and privately-led urban development by advancing a form of postcapitalist urbanism.
New Media in Old Cities: The Emergence of the New Collective
Authors: Ampatzidou Cristina , Molenda Ania
Published: November 2023

This paper takes a look at the relationship between informational space and territory. It questions the common dichotomy that positions virtual space in opposition to physical space. It focuses on the different roles modern urban actors play in defining a new understanding of space as an inseparable composition of both the virtual and the physical realm. On the individual level, it looks at the emergence of a new type of citizen whose ludic attitude dynamically adapts the course of his responses to the virtual, real-time inputs that influence his presence in the physical environment. On the collective level, it analyses unintended, swarm-like synchronisations, and the role new media play in redefining the urban commons.
The Architect as Producer: Hannes Meyer and the Proletarianisation of the Western Architect
Authors: Djalali Amir
Published: November 2023

With the foundation of the Bauhaus, Walter Gropius advocated an end to the division between arts and crafts. Contrary to the idea of architecture as art, the programme of the school aimed to assimilate architecture with industry in order to satisfy collective social needs. Yet, despite this programmatic declaration, such a project was realised only after Gropius’ departure from the Bauhaus, under the controversial directorship (1927–1930) of the Swiss architect Hannes Meyer. Meyer achieved unprecedented success both in terms of academic production and financial performance. Yet his realisations were paralleled by the leftist radicalisation of the school’s politics: Meyer transformed the workshops into factory production units and the students into industrial workers. Eventually, the politicisation of the school cost Meyer his office and a negative reputation in historical records that still holds today. This article posits that Meyer achieved his success at the Bauhaus not despite his radical allegiance, but precisely because of it. The realism of Meyer’s strategy is evaluated through his capacity to anticipate many developments in the organisation of architectural production. In particular, his critique of intellectual labour in architecture is confronted with the contemporary proletarisation of architects in the Western world.
Independent or Bureaucratic? The Early Career Choice of an Architect at the Turn of the Twentieth Century in Germany, France and England
Authors: Gerber Andri
Published: November 2023

While the general historical perception of the architect conveys an image of him/her as an independent ‘genius-artist’ we should not forget how, in particular around the turn of the twentieth century, architects were primarily employed by communal, or state administrations. The need for architects in administrations was primarily a consequence of the rising independence of cities and the necessity to react to urbanization and property speculation, and later for the mass housing programs in the aftermath of the First World War.

In this paper the professional reality of architects in three countries, Germany, France, and England will be addressed and the relationship of the profession to the administrations will be analyzed. This investigation looks at how architects perceived this relationship and the many advantages it gave them, as well as how their reaction against it was articulated and backed up. In each of these countries architects had a different disciplinary background; these differences will be compared and contrasted. This variance subsequently led to a different perception and attitude towards the relevant administrations. Yet, it ought to be added that no general rule can be extracted from these comparisons, as each architect had their own, unique career path.
Layers of Invisibility in Portuguese State Furniture Design, 1940-1974
Authors: Martins João Paulo , Diniz Sofia
Published: November 2023

If the buildings designed in Portugal by and for the state during the long rule of dictatorship are, still today, a challenging, often uncomfortable subject of enquiry – concealed by various layers of interpretation that render them virtually invisible despite their ubiquity –, the furniture that equipped those buildings is even more so. These were objects designed for everyday use, in which technological possibilities and material sturdiness were fundamental concerns, and their designers were frequently little-known architects working within the civil service sphere; better-known names, in turn, are seldom credited with having created the pieces that furnished their own buildings. Yet state-commissioned furniture design can also speak of other aspects of this apparently ordinary, largely invisible side of many architects’ everyday work in government offices. In this brief visual essay, snapshots of a long-term research project recently concluded at the School of Architecture, University of Lisbon prompt us to identify designers and commissioning agencies, locate them within their context(s) of production and discuss significant episodes where diverse aesthetical and ideological stances are followed, each with its own rhetoric: the rift between a generally conservative tutelage and some officials’ drive to keep up with international developments, for example, can be read in these inconspicuous objects and practices of the everyday. Our research, its outputs and initiatives (publications, exhibitions) have illuminated a facet of Portuguese design history that had previously been neglected, and brought in fresh arguments in support of the importance of quotidian artefacts for our understanding of built environment production.
Reduction of the Incidence of Retained Placenta in Cows Treated with a New Chinese Herbal Medicine Dang Hong Fu used as Aqua-acupuncture at GV-1
Authors: Luo Chao-ying , Li Jin-yu , Wang Jian-hua , Zheng Ji-fang , Hua Lan-ying , Hu Zhen-ying , Wang Dong-sheng , Luo Yong-jiang , Kou Hai-yan , Wang Rui
Published: November 2023

The objective of this study was to develop a new Chinese herbal aqua-acupuncture formulation Dang Hong Fu, test its safety in rabbits and evaluate its efficacy to prevent retained placenta in cows when injected into acupoint GV-1. Dang Hong Fu was administered intraocularly, subdermally, intraperitoneally and intravenously into rabbits and no adverse reactions were observed, except transient swelling of the ear flap after subdermal injection. One hundred and twenty four pregnant cows were selected to be in an untreated control group and observed after calving to determine the retained placenta rate for the farm. Fifty pregnant cows from the same farm were selected for the study and randomly assigned to two groups: 30 cows in the Dang Hong Fu group and 22 cows in a saline control group. Immediately after calving 40 ml of Dang Hong Fu (40 grams of dried herbs) were injected into GV-1 in the herbal group and 40 ml of physiological saline were injected at the same site in the saline control group. Both groups were observed for retained placentas and the time until placental expulsion was recorded in the others. The retained placenta rate for untreated cows that received no treatment was 35.5% (44/124). The incidence of retained placenta in the Dang Hong Fu group was 16.7% and in the saline control group 31%. The time for expulsion of placental membranes was a mean of 9 hours (range 3.5-24 hours) in the Dang Hong Fu group and a mean of 14.7 hours (range 3.0-24 hours) in the saline control group. When compared to the untreated control group, Dang Hong Fu aqua-acupuncture significantly reduced the incidence of retained placentas (p 0.047; < 0.05), but saline aqua-acupuncture did not (p 0.740; > 0.05). Herbal aqua-acupuncture may offer an easy treatment method to reduce the incidence of retained placenta with no adverse side effects.
Influence of Brand Equity on Electronic-Word of Mouth Mediated by Brand Love on Shopee E-commerce
Authors: Harisandi Prasetyo , Hurriyati Ratih , Dirgantari Puspo Dewi
Published: November 2023

This study aims to explore the impact of Brand Equation on E-Word of Mouth E-commerce in Indonesia. In addition, brand love was studied as a mediator of Brand Equity and E-Word of Mouth activities. Data was collected from a total of 160 Shopee E-commerce users in Indonesia through a structured questionnaire and hypotheses were examined using the PLS model. The results validate that Brand Equity activities have a significant influence on Brand Love directly. E-Word of Mouth is directly influenced by Brand Love. In addition, Brand Love completely mediates the relationship between Brand Equity activities and E-word of mouth has an indirect influence. First, the sample size was limited to 160 respondents, most of whom came from Jabodetabek, Indonesia. It is recommended that future research use larger sample sizes and include individuals from various industry scenarios. Second, this research only focuses on brand equity, e-word of mouth through the mediation of brand love in the e-commerce retail industry. These research suggestions will help the e-commerce retail sector build consumer trust, which will grow Shopee's user base and enable it to better understand its customers' needs through several improvements that will increase customer engagement. Apart from that, it also increases the level of customer involvement itself by creating games, or vision and mission which can later be exchanged for various kinds of promotions tailored to user needs.
Representations of Reification in Pre-Islamic Poetry: Selected Samples
Authors: Alkhaldy Rajab , Qattous Bassam
Published: November 2023

This study deals with the concept of reification, its motifs, aspects and the mechanisms for resisting it, to reveal the pre-Islamic poetry in confrontation with the state of reification that was imposed on these poets, and how they expressed it artistically and aesthetically, taking into account that psychological, social or economic perspective, as well as the angle of view that surrounded their poetic expression.
The Impact of Using Blended Education on Learning the Basic Skills in Handball among the Students of the Faculty of Sports Sciences at Mu'tah University
Authors: Sha’lan Maen , Wadian Muhamad
Published: November 2023

This study aimed at identifying the impact of using blended education on learning the basic skills in handball among the students of the faculty of sports sciences at Mu'tah University. The study used the experimental approach with dual design based on control and experimental groups, where the pre- and post- tests were compared for each group and then between the two groups. The study population consisted of (170) students from those enrolled in the course of Handball (1) during the first semester of the academic year 2022-2023. Then the study sample was selected purposively of those who have never played handball, and consisted of (30) students with (17.6%) of the study population. The study was divided into two groups with (15) individuals in each group, where the experimental group learned the basic skills in handball using the blended method for (8) weeks، with two meetings a week; one was in-presence, while the other was via the electronic educational site. The control group learned the basic skills in handball using the traditional way for (8) weeks, with two meetings a week. The following tests to collect data were used: passing and receiving the ball on a wall for (30) seconds, zigzag dribbling of the ball (15 meters)، and accuracy scoring test. The following statistical methods: means, standard deviations, spearman correlation coefficient, and t-test. The results revealed that the blended teaching by using in-presence and electronic site has a positive impact on learning the basic skills in handball (passing، dribbling، scoring), and that learning via the traditional way positively affected learning the basic handball skills (passing، dribbling، scoring). The individuals of the experimental group that used the blended way outperformed the individuals of the control group that used the traditional way in learning the basic skills in handball. The study recommended the use of the blended education in teaching the basic skills in handball and holding training courses for university teachers about the way of designing educational programs using blended electronic education via the various applications as well as the internet.
Mathematics Anxiety among Jordanian Pre-Service Elementary Teachers
Authors: Almeqdadi Farouq , Alslaiti Firas
Published: November 2023

Mathematics is considered one of the most important topics people are interested in throughout the different learning stages. A lot of people all around the world face different types of difficulties such as anxiety of mathematics. The current study aimed at investigating mathematics anxiety among pre- service Jordanian elementary teachers. The sample consisted of 472 pre-service teachers who were studying in the College of Educational Sciences at Al al-Bayt University, Jordan. Those pre- service teachers were enrolled in three different majors: Elementary Teachers Program, Early Childhood Program, and Special Education Program. The researchers used the Mathematical Anxiety Scale- Short Version developed by Suinn and Winston (2003), which consisted of 29 items with 5- point Likert-type instrument. The results of the study revealed six themes where each included some of the 29 items of the scale. In general, the responses of the participants in the study showed mathematics anxiety in the following issues: Anxiety because of thinking about the exam, anxiety after taking the exam, anxiety in the form of patterns and life situations related to the four basic processes, anxiety from mathematics, concern in the form of questions on the four basic processes, concern in the form of models of life applications on the four basic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division), and taking a math test or preparing for a math test or homework.
National and International Legal Guarantees of the Administrative Detention in Jordan
Authors: Aldoghmi Hamzah
Published: November 2023

Administrative detention is one of the tools used by the administration to maintain public order and to protect community security as an extrajudicial detention. Administrative detention enables local authorities to detain anyone who threatens public order, but without prejudice to his civil and personal liberties. According to the Crime Prevention Law of 1954, governors can take action against persons who are about to commit crimes or assist in the commission of crimes, as well as persons who have a habit of stealing, or who have a habit of protecting or harbouring thieves or helping to conceal or dispose of stolen goods. In accordance with the aforementioned law, governors can also take measures against anyone who is in a situation that makes his presence at large without bail a danger to people. However, although these measures are taken in accordance with the law, there are several national and international legal guarantees that should be considered to protect the rights of those persons. In January 2023, the Constitutional Court of Jordan examined the constitutionality of a number of articles of the Crime Prevention Law. The Court ruled that the law ensures to everyone the basic guarantees for challenging the administrative detention decisions, and ensures that the decisions fall within the principle of legality and the proper implementation of the law in order to achieve its purpose. The Constitutional Court ruling makes an insight on the importance of the guarantees for administrative detainees in the face of the legality of their detention. Using the descriptive method and the analytical approach, this study examines the legal framework of the national and international legal guarantees of the administrative detention in Jordan. It discusses the legal guarantees of administrative detention and the judicial control over administrative decisions that include administrative detention. Finally, the study concludes with a number of important results and practical recommendations.
Kant y la conciencia moral
Authors: Vigo Pacheco Alejandro Gustavo
Published: November 2023

"Este libro del profesor Alejandro G. Vigo ofrece un comentario lúcido y riguroso a los textos en los que Kant aborda el tema de la conciencia moral (Gewissen). Ello comprende las Lecciones de filosofía moral, La Religión en los límites de la mera razón y la ""Doctrina de la virtud"" que es la segunda parte de la Metafísica de las costumbres. Vigo explica tanto el papel sistemático de la conciencia moral en la filosofía kantiana como la evolución del tópico en la comprensión del filósofo de Königsberg. La conciencia moral es tratada por Kant como una importantísima prestación de la facultad de juzgar en su función reflexiva. El tema es fundamental en la filosofía moral kantiana y en el pensamiento de autores posteriores, que no podría ser comprendido sin la referencia a Kant. Pero además se abordan aquí discusiones que son centrales en toda la tradición filosófica de Occidente. El volumen ofrece así un gran aporte al pensamiento filosófico y en particular a la reflexión ética: muestra la centralidad del tema de la conciencia moral en la filosofía de Kant con la reconstrucción clara y precisa de una teoría que quedaría de otro modo dispersa, en tanto no es presentada por el propio Kant de modo unitario en algún pasaje."
Género y libertad
Authors: Acha Alemán Martinique
Published: November 2023

Hace más de treinta años, Luce Irigaray constató que si cada época tiene un tema que pensar, uno solamente, la diferencia sexual es el tema de nuestro tiempo. Hoy sus palabras resultan no sólo acertadas sino proféticas, pues el problema de la diferencia sexual está presente en casi todos nuestros discursos filosóficos, sociales, políticos y religiosos. ¿Pero qué es realmente el género? ¿Qué es el sexo? ¿Qué lugar ocupa la diferencia sexual en la conformación de nuestra identidad? ¿Qué es lo queer? ¿Quién es la mujer? ¿Quién es el varón? ¿Cómo se conjugan la diferencia y la igualdad? Son éstas las preguntas que la autora explora en esta obra, con el fin de ofrecer una aproximación al complejo panorama de los discursos sobre género que coexisten en nuestro tiempo. La autora se embarca en el pensamiento de figuras como Margaret Mead, Simone de Beauvoir o Judith Butler para extraer un diagnóstico sobre las teorías de género que predominan actualmente, al tiempo que vislumbra y plantea otros horizontes desde los cuales es posible abordar esta cuestión. Su propuesta se desarrolla en torno a la problemática antropológica de la naturaleza y la cultura, desde la cual va mostrando los límites y aciertos de algunas de estas posturas, para explorar, finalmente, nuevas perspectivas antropológicas que han planteado la cuestión de la condición sexuada en el marco ontológico de la persona.
Historia de Jesús de Nazaret
Authors: Adame Goddard Jorge
Published: November 2023

Esta Historia de Jesús de Nazaret es una presentación, entre otras muchas posibles, de los actos y palabras que Jesús hizo y dijo mientras vivió en Palestina, entre los años 6 a. C. a 30 d. C., aproximadamente. sus fuentes son, en primer lugar, los cuatro evangelios, cuyos autores son testigos directos de los acontecimientos que narran o conocedores de los mismos por medio de otros testigos directos y diferentes fuentes de autores judos, griegos y latínos, que corroboran varias de las acciones principales contenidas en los evangelios. Jesús de Nazaret es un personaje histórico que vivió en un lugar y tiempo determinados, de cuya existencia, obras y palabras nos dan noticia fuentes confiables. Es también un personaje extraordinario que obra milagros, que anuncia y viene a fundar el reino de Dios, que se da a conocer como Hijo de Dios; sin embargo, resucita y convve con sus discípulos algún tiempo, quienes luego lo ven ascender al cielo, a la morada de Dios, su padre. ¿Es esta una historia creíble en la actualidad? Esta Historia de Jesús de Nazaret pretende dar respuesta a esa pregunta mediante la presentación de las palabras y actos de Jesús de Nazaret, en el contexto de la historia de Israel y de la historia universal, lo cual también ayuda a profundizar en el conocimiento de su vida y de su mensaje.
VERİ TAŞINABİLİRLİĞİNİN REKABET HUKUKU AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Ketizmen Muammer , Kart Aslihan
Published: November 2023

Kişisel verileri kontrol hakkının somut bir görünümü olarak ifade edilebilecek olan veri taşınabilirliği, serbest piyasa ekonomisinde rekabetin korunması açısından da aynı düzeyde önem arz edebilmektedir. Bu nedenle veri taşınabilirliği konusu çalışılırken yalnızca teknik gereklilik ve yeterliliklerin ya da sadece kişisel veri ile ilgili hak, yetki ve yükümlülüklerin veyahut kişisel veri düzenlemelerinden arındırılmış bir rekabet hukuku incelemesinin yeterli olmayacağı değerlendirilmektedir. İşbu çalışma içerisinde, sayılan bu unsurlar bir arada ele alınarak kişisel verinin rekabet koşullarının sürdürülebilirliği açısından somutlaşması, bilhassa veri taşınabilirliği üzerinden incelenecektir. Teorik ve pratik düzeyde uluslararası ve ulusal düzeyde uygulamalar ile Türk hukuku bilgilerine yer verilecek, konunun rekabet düzenleme ve uygulamaları ile ilişkisi kurulacak; konunun kişisel verilerin ve rekabetin korunması açısından ortaya çıkan alan kesişmesi incelenecektir.
Transformasi Digital Marketing Bagi Umkm Sektor Kuliner Sebagai Upaya Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Pasca Pandemi di Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Meranti Inud Danis Ikhwan
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 epidemic has created a shift in people's lifestyle. The internet is utilized for all activities. To address these demands, Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises must be able to make the transition from traditional to digital. Consumers also profit from the digital revolution, in addition to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, who gain from its ease and advantages.
Menegaskan Pancasila dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan
Authors: Masruchi Zainal Aris
Published: November 2023

Pancasila has established itself as one of the linking media in social, national, and state life in Indonesia as the fundamental tenet of the Indonesian people. The five guiding principles of Pancasila fortify the base of Indonesian state life against internal and external attacks. Pancasila must be included in the category of substantive legal sources for the construction of legal settlements in the legal environment, particularly in the establishment of legal settlements. When addressing the intellectual and sociological underpinnings of the legislative process, it appears that the principles of Pancasila need to be examined in greater detail.
Industri Halal dan Islamic Jurisprudence
Authors: Habibi M. Luthfillah
Published: November 2023

It is crucial to comprehend assets from a syariah standpoint in regard to the halal sector. This is due to the fact that assets are both transaction objects and one of the pillars of ta’aqud which make up the majority of the intiqolul milkiyah process. This study aims to perform an asset review and provide a systematic description of assets by examining the importance of comprehending assets from a syariah viewpoint. Literature analysis is the technique utilized. In order to gain a depth of study, the excavation of asset descriptions refers to Al Qur’an, Al Hadist, and works on fiqih. The study's final finding is that there are four categories of haram goods, depending on the time, location, and manner of acquisition dzatiah. Additionally, this study comes to the conclusion that only assets with syariah value can be exchanged via contracts, or syar’iyah.