bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Local and Charge Transfer Emitters Utilizing Hyperconjugation Effect Towards Solution‐Processed Ultra‐Deep‐Blue OLEDs with External Quantum Efficiency Approaching 12 %
Authors: Liao Chuanxin , Wang Shirong , Chen Bo , Xie Qi , Feng Jingyuan , Bai Jiaxu , Li Xianggao , Liu Hongli
Published: September 2024

Hybrid local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited state materials, which possess weak donor‐acceptor (D–A) pure organic structures, deserve one of the most promising efficient and stable blue emitters. Through high‐lying reverse intersystem crossing (hRISC) process, 75 % triplet excitons generated by electrical excitation could be harvested and utilized in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, there are still significant challenges to achieve high‐efficiency ultra‐deep‐blue HLCT emitters with low Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) 1931 chromaticity coordinate y values. Here, a series of novel blue HLCT emitters based on spiro[1,8‐diazafluorene‐9,2′‐imidazole] structure were designed and synthesized by fine‐tuning the spiro[fluorene‐9,2′‐imidazole] core structure in our previous work through heteroatom substitution and hyperconjugation effect. The target emitters were endowed with excellent photophysical and electrochemical merits, thermal stability and solution processibility. The solution‐processed OLED based on 4′,5′‐bis(4‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)spiro[1,8‐diazafluorene‐9,2′‐imidazole] (NFIP‐CZ) achieved efficient ultra‐deep‐blue emission (CIEx,y=0.1581, 0.0422) with the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax), maximum current efficiency (CEmax) and maximum power efficiency (PEmax) of 11.94 %, 4.07 cd ⋅ A−1 and 2.56 lm ⋅ W−1. The record EQE is a breakthrough in both solution‐processed and vacuum vapor deposition ultra‐deep‐blue HLCT OLEDs currently.
Photocatalyzed Aryl C‐H Fluorocarbonylation with CF2Br2
Authors: Zhou Kehan , Xiao Yuheng , Huang Zhibin , Zhao Yingsheng
Published: September 2024

The use of abundant and inexpensive fluorine feedstocks to synthesize fluorinated compounds is a promising strategy that has not been extensively investigated. Dibromodifluoromethane (CF2Br2) is an inexpensive fluorine source that has rarely been used for C−H fluoroalkylation. This study reveals an iridium‐catalyzed, tunable strategy for synthesizing acyl fluorides and difluorobromomethylated products using CF2Br2. To achieve the desired products, this process only requires the change of solvent (from DMSO to 1,4‐dioxane) under blue LED illumination. A variety of arenes and heteroarenes with electron‐donating substituents were successfully used, yielding the corresponding products in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic experiments revealed that DMSO served a dual role, functioning as both solvent and nucleophilic reagent in C−H fluorocarbonylation.
Wavy Graphene Nanoribbons Containing Periodic Eight‐Membered Rings for Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Obermann Sebastian , Zhou Xin , Guerrero‐León L. Andrés , Serra Gianluca , Böckmann Steffen , Fu Yubin , Dmitrieva Evgenia , Zhang Jin‐Jiang , Liu Fupin , Popov Alexey A. , Lucotti Andrea , Hansen Michael Ryan , Tommasini Matteo , Li Yungui , Blom Paul W. M. , Ma Ji , Feng Xinliang
Published: September 2024

Precision graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) offer distinctive physicochemical properties that are highly dependent on their geometric topologies, thereby holding great potential for applications in carbon‐based optoelectronics and spintronics. While the edge structure and width control has been a popular strategy for engineering the optoelectronic properties of GNRs, non‐hexagonal‐ring‐containing GNRs remain underexplored due to synthetic challenges, despite offering an equally high potential for tailored properties. Herein, we report the synthesis of a wavy GNR (wGNR) by embedding periodic eight‐membered rings into its carbon skeleton, which is achieved by the A2B2‐type Diels–Alder polymerization between dibenzocyclooctadiyne (6) and dicyclopenta[e,l]pyrene‐5,11‐dione derivative (8), followed by a selective Scholl reaction of the obtained ladder‐type polymer (LTP) precursor. The obtained wGNR, with a length of up to 30 nm, has been thoroughly characterized by solid‐state NMR, FT‐IR, Raman, and UV/Vis spectroscopy with the support of DFT calculations. The non‐planar geometry of wGNR efficiently prevents the inter‐ribbon π–π aggregation, leading to photoluminescence in solution. Consequently, the wGNR can function as an emissive layer for organic light‐emitting electrochemical cells (OLECs), offering a proof‐of‐concept exploration in implementing luminescent GNRs into optoelectronic devices. The fast‐responding OLECs employing wGNR will pave the way for advancements in OLEC technology and other optoelectronic devices.
Comparative study on shape memory, mechanical, and thermomechanical properties of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets modified bidirectional (twill) carbon fiber polymer composites
Authors: Gupta Ritesh , Mittal Gaurav , Nhaichaniya Gajendra Kumar , Kumar Krishna , Pandel Upender
Published: September 2024

The research conducts a comparative analysis of epoxy/bi‐directional (twill) carbon fiber three‐phase shape memory hybrid composites modified with MWCNT and GnP, examining their mechanical, thermomechanical, and shape memory properties. Fabrication involves preparing nanoparticle‐modified epoxy nanocomposites through ultrasonication followed by hand layup technique. The findings revealed that the modified composites achieved their optimal performance at a 0.6 wt% concentration of nanoparticle, with the tensile strength and modulus increasing by 33.59% and 23.47% for 0.6 wt% MWCNT composite and by 45.94% and 25.61% for 0.6 wt% GnP composite. GnP‐modified composites outperformed MWCNT ones due to GnP's sheet structure aligning parallel to the load and larger surface area facilitating enhanced interaction with the matrix. Despite polymer modification, the shape recovery ratio values remained high, with 98.92% for unmodified composite, 97.72% for 0.6 wt% MWCNT composites, and 97.12% for 0.6 wt% GnP modified composites, all exceeding 90%, indicating no compromise in performance.
Effect of printed PVDF/GCN composite film thickness on the performance of piezoelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Pawar Omkar Y. , Lim Sooman
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to explore the influence of film thickness on the piezoelectric efficiency of polyvinylidene fluoride/graphitic carbon nitrate nanosheet (GCN) composite films, taking into account the effect of GCN alignment. Our findings demonstrated that the piezoelectric performance of these films was markedly dependent on their thickness. We have observed a direct relationship between film thickness and piezoelectric efficiency, with thicker films showing a greater capability to convert mechanical pressure into electric energy. This increased efficiency is attributed to the enhanced ability to thicker films to distribute stress uniformly across the material, which is crucial for optimizing the piezoelectric effect. Our results advance the understanding of how variation in film thickness impact mechanical properties such as stiffness and flexibility, which subsequently affect the piezoelectric response. Through predictive modeling, we analyzed the mechanical dynamics of film displacement under an electrical potential and clarified how different thickness influenced the mechanical properties and piezoelectric output. This detailed analysis deepens the fundamental understanding of material design for optimal piezoelectric performance and underscores the critical role of film thickness in engineering application.
Synthesis of Fe2O3/ZnFe2O4/g‐C3N4@ZIF‐8 composites: Enhancing thermal stability and flame retardancy in polyurea
Authors: Lin Jiayu , Hou Yongbo , Ding Lailong , Wang Yifan , Hu Jinhu , Qiu Xishun , Wu Chao , Ma Mingliang , Gao Wei
Published: September 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their potential application in flame‐retardant polymeric materials. In this work, Fe2O3/ZnFe2O4/g‐C3N4@ZIF‐8 flame retardants were synthesized via solvothermal and calcination techniques, and their elemental composition and morphologies were thoroughly characterized. The flame retardancy of polyurea (PUA) composites incorporating varying dosages of these flame retardants was evaluated using cone calorimetry tests (CCT). The findings demonstrate that the incorporation of Fe2O3/ZnFe2O4/g‐C3N4@ZIF‐8 significantly enhanced the flame retardant properties of PUA composites. With the addition of 3 wt% of the flame retardant, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), total smoke production (TSP), and total CO yield (TCO) of the PUA composites decreased to 890.82 kW/m2, 131.34 MJ/m2, 12.30 m2, and 2.39 g, respectively, reflecting reductions of 33.59%, 18.59%, 29.40%, and 47.93% compared with pure PUA. The flame‐retardant mechanism was systematically analyzed in both the condensed and gas phases. This study provides a robust experimental foundation and novel insights that contribute to the development of advanced flame‐retardant coating materials.
Novel wastepaper nanocellulose/chitosan‐based nanocomposite membrane for effective removal of the textile dye Congo red from aqueous solution
Authors: Goswami Rekha , Mishra Abhilasha , Mirza Adeeba , Ahmad Waseem , Rana Rinku
Published: September 2024

Development of a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly method to treat dye wastewater is of utmost importance. In this experimental study, wastepaper was used as the raw material for the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals to fabricate a nanocomposite membrane with chitosan. During the extraction process, acid hydrolysis (Sulfuric acid) followed by bleaching (hydrogen peroxide) was adopted. To confirm the nano‐range, particle size analysis, and FESEM were performed, which confirmed the presence of particles in the nano‐range ranging from 313.8 to 122.1 nm and FESEM observed results showed transformation of fibrous to rod shaped nanocrystals after acid hydrolysis. After successful nanocomposite fabrication a porous sieved network of membrane was observed and after adsorption successful adhesion of dye molecules over the membrane matrix was also confirmed. FTIR data showed that during adsorption mechanism some of the prominent peaks gets disappeared suggest interaction of dye molecules onto the nanocomposite. The contact angle of 21.0° was observed for the ChNC3 nanocomposite showed super hydrophilic behavior. Tensile strength was also observed in terms of young's modulus, ultimate strength, and elongation at break. The elasticity and stiffness of a material are usually indicated by its young modulus. In AH CNCs and ChNC3, the young modulus was seen to be increasing from 195< 693, respectively. On the other hand, the ultimate strength indicates AH CNCs and ChNC3 and shows a downward trend of 1.56> 0.316, respectively. Furthermore, the potentiality of the nanocomposite membrane was analyzed for Congo red dye in synthetic wastewater prepared in the laboratory. During the batch study, various working parameters were taken such as initial dye solution (20–100 ppm), pH (1–7), contact time (10–60 min), and dosage (0.1–0.5 mg/L). To know about adsorption, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm were analyzed it was observed that Freundlich isotherm show best fitted modeling with R2 = 0.99, and n = 1.6 showing favorability of the heterogeneous adsorption. To determine the interaction between the adsorbate and adsorbent, pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetics models were analyzed, and it was observed that chemisorption interaction followed between the adsorbate and adsorbent. Thermodynamic parameters were analyzed, which confirmed the spontaneous and favorable adsorption mechanism. To avoid fouling problems and maintain cost effectiveness, the resulting, nanocomposite membrane was desorbed using an appropriate solvent. After 5 cycles, the desorption rate decreased from 54% to 38%. This developed nanocomposite membrane appears to be effective in effluent waste treatment because of its simple formulation approach.
Cranial anatomy of Acynodon adriaticus and extreme durophagous adaptations in Eusuchia (Reptilia: Crocodylomorpha)
Authors: Muscioni Marco , Chiarenza Alfio Alessandro , Fernandez Diego Bladimir Haro , Dreossi Diego , Bacchia Flavio , Fanti Federico
Published: September 2024

Acynodon adriaticus, a small eusuchian from the Late Cretaceous of Italy, is known for its well‐preserved cranial and postcranial material. Despite its excellent preservation, many details remain hidden due to the physical overlap between the elements and matrix obliteration. We used Micro‐CT scans to reveal previously overlooked anatomical features and describe in detail the cranial and dental anatomy of this taxon, shedding new light on its palaeoecology. The holotypic specimen, SC 57248, represents a mature individual exhibiting signs of hyperossification, developed ornamentation, and various pathologies, including jaw arthritis and a possible dental anomaly. Acynodon adriaticus exhibits significant durophagous adaptations, including a robust, brevirostrine skull optimized for powerful biting and stress‐load capacity. Its specialized dentition, lacking caniniform teeth, features anterior chisel‐like teeth and hypertrophic posterior molariforms with thick enamel, indicative of a diet specializing in hard‐shelled prey. The dentition pattern, accelerated molariform replacement rate, and reduced orbit size suggest adaptations for durophagous foraging in turbid, densely vegetated aquatic environments. The paleoecological context during the Late Cretaceous, characterized by increased freshwater habitats and high invertebrate diversity, likely facilitated the evolution of such specialized traits in A. adriaticus. This small crocodylomorph likely foraged slowly in shallow, benthic environments, using its powerful bite to process mollusks and large arthropods. The study of A. adriaticus, along with comparisons with other crocodylomorphs and ecomorphologically similar taxa like Iharkutosuchus makadii and Gnatusuchus pebasensis, provides a valuable morphofunctional model for understanding the evolutionary pathways of extinct crocodylians to durophagy.
New hydrazide derivatives of N‐amino‐11‐azaartemisinin as promising epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors for therapeutic development in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Karnatak Manvika , Yadav Priyanka , Rathi Komal , Shukla Monika , Dugam Prachi , Suthakaran Shruthi , Rawat Varun , Hassam Mohammad , Pandey Aditi , Maurya Ram Awatar , Sen Debanjan , Debnath Sudhan , Das Amitava , Mukhija Achal , Verma Ved Prakash
Published: September 2024

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatments, such as DNA‐damaging agents like carboplatin, pose considerable human toxicity and may contribute to cancer relapse. Artemisinin derivatives offer a less toxic alternative; however, their specific role in TNBC management remains to be established. To address this gap, computational models were employed to design and evaluate artemisinin‐based prototypes as potential TNBC therapeutics, aiming to provide safer and more effective treatment options for this aggressive cancer subtype. Among the series of hydrazide derivatives of azaartemisinin (10a–l) reported herein, compound 10j emerged as the most promising, exhibiting notable cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 1.74 and 1.64 µM against MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐468 cells, respectively. The clinically useful drug doxorubicin provided IC50 values of 0.29 and 0.29 µM against MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐468 cells, while artemisinin provided IC50 values of 107.30 and 116.60 µM, respectively. Furthermore, putative interactions between the synthesized compounds and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were identified using molecular docking studies, suggesting a possible mechanism for their anticancer effect. Additionally, to determine the thermodynamic parameters of the interactions between artemisinin, azaartemisinin, and biomolecules, isothermal titration calorimetry experiments were performed. The binding constant value on the order of 104 indicates a comparatively stronger binding affinity of azaartemisinin with human serum albumin (HSA) compared to artemisinin with HSA. These findings support the potential of azaartemisinin derivatives as promising EGFR inhibitors for therapeutic development in TNBC, offering a new avenue for less toxic and more effective cancer treatments.
Obesity and oxidative stress: Implications for female fertility
Authors: Heng Nuo , Zhu Huabin , Talukder Anup Kumar , Zhao Shanjiang
Published: September 2024

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in most parts of the world, and it is estimated that 1 billion people globally are trapped in an obesity pandemic, which has seriously compromised human health. Recently, there has been a flood of research into obesity as well as redox and lipid metabolism; however, our understanding of the pathways and specific molecular mechanisms by which obesity‐induced oxidative stress affects female reproductive function remains limited. In this review, we discuss how the obesity pandemic has led to lower female fertility. We focus on multiple facets of obesity‐mediated reproductive dysfunction, including follicular atresia, oocyte maturation, embryo implantation, reproductive aging, and discuss therapeutic interventions that have the potential to normalize reproductive function in obese females, such as targeting mitochondrial lipid metabolism and antioxidant pathways.
Copper‐Catalyzed Trifunctionalization of Heteroaryl‐Substituted 1‐Hexenes via Remote Heteroaryl Migration
Authors: Guo Kang , Sun Yanwen , Sun Yining , Shang Jiayi , Lu Yongchao , Wu Qiong
Published: September 2024

A copper‐catalyzed trifunctionalization (trifluoromethylation, heteroarylation, and cyanation) of heteroaryl‐substituted 1‐hexenes via remote heteroaryl migration is reported. A variety of CF3 and heteroaryl‐containing nitriles were readily constructed under mild conditions. The reaction features high chemo‐ and regioselectivities and represents a convenient method for the synthesis of multifunctionalized molecules in organic synthesis.
Ultra‐sensitive electrochemical immunosensor based on 2D vanadium diselenide (VSe2) for efficient detection of pathogens: Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Alsharabi Rim M. , Singh Jay , Saxena Preeti S. , Srivastava Anchal
Published: September 2024

Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), with an extensive surface area, intriguing tunable electrical and optical features, and a distinctive Van der Waals layered structure, yield outstanding sensing properties. Essentially, most TMDs originally existed in the crystallographic phase of a 2H trigonal prismatic structure, which is semiconducting in nature with poor electrocatalytic activity. In contrast, vanadium diselenide (VSe2) with its metastable metallic 1 T octahedral crystal structure has been proven to be an outstanding electrode material, embracing exceptional electrocatalytic behavior for various electrochemical (EC) applications. However, practically, VSe2 has hardly ever been explored in the field of biosensing technology. This study presents a novel EC biosensor based on the antibody of Salmonella Typhimurium (Anti‐ST) immobilized on VSe2‐supported Indium tin oxide (Anti‐ST/VSe2/ITO) for quantitative and efficient Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) detection. The Anti‐ST/VSe2/ITO bioelectrode displayed a linear relationship with ST concentration (1.3 × 10–107 CFU/ml) with a limit of detection (LOD) (0.096 CFU/ml) that is lower than previously reported ST biosensors and impressively high sensitivity (0.001996 μA.mL/CFU). Furthermore, the proposed electrode's electroanalytical activity was evaluated in spiked sugarcane juice, demonstrating distinguished applicability for specific ST detection in real samples.
Experimental characterization and prediction of Escherichia coli host cell proteome retention during preparative chromatography
Authors: Disela Roxana , Neijenhuis Tim , Le Bussy Olivier , Geldhof Geoffroy , Klijn Marieke , Pabst Martin , Ottens Marcel
Published: September 2024

Purification of recombinantly produced biopharmaceuticals involves removal of host cell material, such as host cell proteins (HCPs). For lysates of the common expression host Escherichia coli (E. coli) over 1500 unique proteins can be identified. Currently, understanding the behavior of individual HCPs for purification operations, such as preparative chromatography, is limited. Therefore, we aim to elucidate the elution behavior of individual HCPs from E. coli strain BLR(DE3) during chromatography. Understanding this complex mixture and knowing the chromatographic behavior of each individual HCP improves the ability for rational purification process design. Specifically, linear gradient experiments were performed using ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, coupled with mass spectrometry‐based proteomics to map the retention of individual HCPs. We combined knowledge of protein location, function, and interaction available in literature to identify trends in elution behavior. Additionally, quantitative structure–property relationship models were trained relating the protein 3D structure to elution behavior during IEX. For the complete data set a model with a cross‐validated R2 of 0.55 was constructed, that could be improved to a R2 of 0.70 by considering only monomeric proteins. Ultimately this study is a significant step toward greater process understanding.
Inosine enhances the efficacy of immune‐checkpoint inhibitors in advanced solid tumors: A randomized, controlled, Phase 2 study
Authors: Zhao Haiqing , Zhang Wei , Lu Yuting , Dong Yin , He Zhihao , Zhen Hongchao , Li Qin
Published: September 2024

Background

This study aimed to evaluate whether inosine enhances the efficacy of immune‐checkpoint inhibitors in human malignant solid tumors.

Methods

This single‐center, prospective, randomized, open‐label study was conducted, from January 2021 to December 2022, in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, and participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to either the inosine (trial) or non‐inosine (control) group that received inosine (dosage: 0.2 g, three times/day) + PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor or only PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor ± targeted ± chemotherapy, respectively. Efficacy was assessed every 6 weeks (i.e., after every two–three treatment cycles). The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR); the secondary endpoints were disease control rate, overall survival (OS), and progression‐free survival (PFS). The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05809336).

Results

Among the 172 participants with advanced malignant solid tumors, 86 each were assigned to the inosine and non‐inosine groups, wherein the median PFS (95% CI) was 7.00 (5.31–8.69) and 4.40 (3.10–5.70) months, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] 0.63; 95% CI 0.44–0.90, p = 0.011), and the ORR was 26.7% and 15.1%, respectively (p = 0.061). In the inosine and non‐inosine groups, the median OS was not reached and was 29.67 (95% CI 17.40–41.94) months, respectively (HR 1.05 [95% CI 0.59–1.84], p = 0.874). Compared with the non‐inosine group, the median PFS and ORR of the inosine group were significantly prolonged and improved in the multiple exploratory subgroup analyses. The safety analysis showed that Grades 3 and 4 adverse reactions occurred in 25 (29%) and 31 (36%) patients in the inosine and non‐inosine groups, respectively, and tended to decrease in the inosine group compared with the non‐inosine group.

Conclusion

Inosine had a tendency to enhance the efficacy of immune‐checkpoint inhibitors and reduced immunotherapy‐related adverse reactions.
The COVID‐19 pandemic and associated declines in cancer incidence by race/ethnicity and census‐tract level SES, rurality, and persistent poverty status
Authors: Liu Benmei , Yu Mandi , Byrne Jeffrey , Cronin Katheen A. , Feuer Eric J.
Published: September 2024

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic had a significant impact on cancer screening and treatment, particularly in 2020. However, no single study has comprehensively analyzed its effects on cancer incidence and disparities among groups such as race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), persistent poverty (PP), and rurality.

Methods

Utilizing the recent data from the United States National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, we calculated delay‐ and age‐adjusted incidence rates for 13 cancer sites in 2020 and 2015–2019. Percent changes (PCs) of rates in 2020 compared to 2015–2019 were measured and compared across race/ethnic, census tract‐level SES, PP, and rurality groups.

Results

Overall, incidence rates decreased from 2015–2019 to 2020, with varying PCs by cancer sites and population groups. Notably, NH Blacks showed significantly larger PCs than NH Whites in female lung, prostate, and colon cancers (e.g., prostate cancer: NH Blacks −7.3, 95% CI: [−9.0, −5.5]; NH Whites: −3.1, 95% CI: [−3.9, −2.2]). Significantly larger PCs were observed for the lowest versus highest SES groups (prostate cancer), PP versus non‐PP groups (prostate and female breast cancer), and all urban versus rural areas (prostate, female breast, female and male lung, colon, cervix, melanoma, liver, bladder, and kidney cancer).

Conclusions

The COVID‐19 pandemic coincided with reduction in incidence rates in the U.S. in 2020 and was associated with worsening disparities among groups, including race/ethnicity, SES, rurality, and PP groups, across most cancer sites. Further investigation is needed to understand the specific effects of COVID‐19 on different population groups of interest.
Global disparities in cancer supportive care: An international survey
Authors: Chan Alexandre , Eng Lawson , Jiang Changchuan , Dagsi Mary , Ke Yu , Tanay Mary , Bergerot Cristiane , Dixit Niharika , Gutiérrez Ana Cardeña , Velazquez Ana I. , Islami Farhad , Soto‐Perez‐de‐Celis Enrique
Published: September 2024

Background

The global cancer burden is rising, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), highlighting a critical research gap in understanding disparities in supportive care access. To address this, the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Health Disparities Committee initiated a global survey to investigate and delineate these disparities. This study aims to explore and compare supportive care access disparities between LMIC and High‐Income Countries (HIC).

Methods

An online cross‐sectional survey was conducted among active members of MASCC. Members, representing diverse healthcare professions received email invitations. The survey, available for 3 weeks, comprised sections covering (1) sociodemographic information; (2) clinical service/practice‐related disparities in their region/nation; (3) population groups facing disparities within their region or country. Chi‐squared or Fisher's exact test for cross‐sectional analyses, and a multivariable logistic regression model was employed for statistical analysis.

Results

A total of 218 active members participated, with one‐quarter (26.6%) from LMIC and 18.4% ethnic minorities, timely cancer care (43.7%) and timely supportive care (45.0%) emerged as the most pressing disparities globally. Notably, participants from LMIC underscored cancer drug affordability (56.4%) and supportive care guideline implementation (56.4%) as critical issues. Economically disadvantaged populations were noted as more likely to face disparities by both LMIC and HIC (non‐US‐based) respondents, while US‐based respondents identified racial/ethnic minorities as facing more disparities.

Conclusion

This global survey reveals significant disparities in cancer supportive care between LMIC and HIC, with a particular emphasis on medication affordability and guideline implementation in LMIC. Addressing these disparities requires targeted intervention, considering specific regional priorities.
Phenolic Profiling, In Vitro Antiglycation, Antioxidant Activities, and Antidiabetic Effect of Algerian Trigonella Foenum‐Graecum L. in Rats Administered a β‐Cell Toxicant
Authors: Hachouf Maram , Aouacheri Ouassila , Saka Saad , Marzocchi Adua , Carlo Tenore Gian
Published: September 2024

This study sought to quantitatively assess individual and total polyphenols, mineral composition, antioxidant and antiglycation activities of Algerian fenugreek seeds (AFS) as well as the antidiabetic effect of its supplementation on streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. Forty rats were divided into four groups (i) non diabetic rats, (ii) non diabetic rats +10 % AFS, (iii) diabetic rats, (iv) diabetic rats +10 % AFS. Flame‐SAA analysis revealed a rich content in micro‐elements, HPLC DAD‐FLD analysis revealed twenty components with rutin and ferulic acid being the major compounds in AFS hydro‐methanolic extract while spectrophotometric assays scrutinized moderate contents in total phenolics and flavonoids. The extract was potent in scavenging ABTS⋅+ and DPPH+ (42.06±2.14 and 55.84±4.14 mg TE/g), reducing Fe3+ and Mo6+ (35.12±2.45 and 29.89±3.12 mg TE/g) and inhibiting AGEs (IC50=1.03±0.02 mg/ml). In vivo, 10 %AFS‐ supplemented diet (w/w) was found to elicit a significant reduction in glycemia (66.74 %), TNF α (9.4 %), IL‐6 (23.74 %), CRP (31.10 %), liver enzymes, lipid peroxidation (MDA) (47.24 %;30 %), protein carbonyl (PCO) (28.35 %; 27.15 %), improvement in insulin level (79.74 %), reduced glutathione amount (GSH) (41.01 %; 16.55 %), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (45.80 %; 56.37 %), catalase (CAT) (24.44 %; 35.42 %) and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) (22.78 %; 22.90 %) activities, in liver and pancreas respectively, along with a rejuvenation of hepatic and pancreatic histological features. These outcomes disclosed that AFS is endowed with biologically effective components which could be decent applicant to attain the objective of mitigating glycation, oxidative stress and diabetes‐related complications.
Phosphoinositide 3‐Kinase Inhibitors from Gladiolus Segetum Ker‐Gawl Corms Supported by Network Pharmacology
Authors: Khalaf Mahmoud Basma , Abdelwahab Miada F. , Alzahraa Mokhtar Fatma , Sayed Ahmed M. , Zhang Jianye , Alsenani Faisal , Elsherief Hany A. M. , Altemani Faisal H. , Algehainy Naseh A. , Lehmann Leane , Ramadan Abdelmohsen Usama , Abd El‐Kader Adel M.
Published: September 2024

Gladiolus segetum Ker‐Gawl corms total extract exhibited remarkable in vitro anti‐proliferative effects against panel of cancer cell lines; including human colon carcinoma (Caco‐2), human breast cancer (MCF7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines with IC50 values of 7.4, 9.1 and 11.2 μg/ml, respectively. The total ethanolic extract of G. segetum Ker‐Gawl corms was subjected to untargeted metabolomics profiling using LC‐HR‐ESI‐MS, which revealed the presence of various clusters of phytoconstituents as triterpenes, anthraquinones, flavonoids and phenolic derivatives. Network pharmacology study was performed for all identified compounds, the formed networks identified 73 intersected genes. The diagrammatic illustration of the top pathways revealed that phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3 K) gene is the effective dominant gene in the top four KEGG pathways. Upon molecular docking and molecular dynamics investigation, kaempferol‐3‐O‐glucopyranoside was suggested to be key anticancer metabolite. Interestingly, cytotoxic investigation of this compound revealed potential activity against the tested cancer cell lines (Caco‐2, MCF7 and HepG2) with IC50 values of 6.2, 8.5 and 9.3 μg/ml, respectively. The present study highlighted the potential of G. segetum Ker‐Gawl as a promising source of interesting anticancer scaffolds.
Research Progress on the Role of Cartilage Endplate in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Ma Zhong , Liu Xin , Zhang Mingtao , Wu Zuolong , Zhang Xianxu , Li Shicheng , An Jiangdong , Luo Zhiqiang
Published: September 2024

Low back pain significantly impacts individuals' quality of life, with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) being a primary contributor to this condition. Currently, IDD treatment primarily focuses on symptom management and does not achieve a definitive cure. The cartilage endplate (CEP), a crucial nutrient‐supplying tissue of the intervertebral disc, plays a pivotal role in disc degeneration. This review examines the mechanisms underlying CEP degeneration, summarizing recent advancements in understanding the structure and function of CEP, the involvement of various signaling pathways, and the roles of cartilage endplate stem cells (CESCs) and exosomes (Exos) in this process. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive reference for future research on CEP. Despite progress in understanding the role of CEP in IDD, the mechanisms underlying CEP degeneration remain incompletely elucidated. Future research poses significant challenges, necessitating further investigations to elucidate the complexities of CEP.
The Multifunctional Preprotein Binding Domain of SecA
Authors: Giotas Emmanouil , Aikaterini Kaplani Stavroula , Eleftheriadis Nikolaos
Published: September 2024

Sec‐pathway is the main protein secretion pathway in prokaryotes and is essential for their survival. The motor protein SecA is the main coordinator of the pathway in bacteria as it is has evolved to perform multiple tasks, acting like a “swiss army knife”, from binding pre‐proteins to altering its oligomeric and conformational states. This study focuses on the role of its Preprotein Binding Domain (PBD), which is a key protein module that identified in three conformational states (Wide‐Open (WO), Open (O) and Closed (C)). A thorough analysis was conducted to identify PBD's inter‐ and intra‐protomeric interactions, highlighting the most significant and conserved ones. Both crystallographic and biophysical data indicate that the WO state is the main during dimerization, while the monomeric structure can adopt all three states. C‐tail, StemPBD and 3β‐tipPBD are important elements for the stabilization of different oligomeric and conformational states, as they offer specific interactions. Alterations in the lipophilicity of the StemPBD causes increased proteins dynamics or/and Prl phenotype. In the C state, 3β‐tipPBD interacts and opens the ATPase motor. We hypothesize that this partial opening of the motor with the increased dynamics describes the Prl phenotype.
Circular Polyesters Based on Lactones
Authors: Dong Run‐Hua , Guo Jia‐Yin , Sun Hang‐Ming , Xu Tie‐Qi
Published: September 2024

The development of modern society is closely related to polymer materials. As a typical example, plastic is an indispensable material in modern society. However, despite their low cost and widespread use, most discarded polymers are not recyclable, and their widespread use leads to the depletion of natural resources. In addition, the accumulation of polymer materials and their evolution in the environment can also cause serious environmental problems. Although the polymers can be reused by physical recovery, the properties of the polymers produced by this process are significantly reduced. Chemical recycling to original monomers for repolymerization offers a promising closed‐loop method to transition from a linear plastic economy toward a more sustainable circular model. This review focuses on recent developments and outlines future challenges of emerging chemically recyclable polyesters.
Construction of Cyclodextrin‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Encapsulation of Menthol
Authors: Tong Yuxing , Liu Ben , Yu Yang , Wang Yixin , Yan Qunshan , Huang Dekang , Zhu Yanqiu , Xiang Yonggang
Published: September 2024

The application of flavoring ingredients like menthol in the food industry is hindered by their high volatility and poor thermal stability, which lead to significant losses during processing and storage. Encapsulation of flavors into porous materials to obtain inclusion complexes (ICs) has proved to be an efficient strategy. In the present study, we synthesized a series of relatively food‐safe three‐dimensional anionic cyclodextrin‐based covalent organic frameworks (CD‐COFs) with spiroborate linkages using a facile microwave‐assisted method. The high surface area and newly formed cavities of COFs significantly enhanced the encapsulation efficiency of menthol compared to native CD materials. Our findings revealed that γ‐CD‐COF−Li, with Li+ as the counterion, achieved superior encapsulation efficiency of 25.9 %, outperforming γ‐CD‐COF−Na, γ‐CD‐COF−K and α‐CD‐COF−Li under the same conditions. Thermal stability measurements show that the menthol/γ‐CD‐COF−Li‐ICs effectively stabilize menthol against heat evaporation at elevated temperatures due to the strengthened interaction between menthol and γ‐CD‐COF−Li. The promising results of this research suggest that rapid advancements in COF technology will provide new opportunities for enhancing the stability of flavoring ingredients in the food industry.
Copper‐Surface‐Mediated Synthesis of sp2 Carbon‐Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework Photocathodes for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Lu Yang , Li Wenyan , Sun Chenyu , Tang Yawen , Cheng Lei , Sun Hanjun
Published: September 2024

Sp2‐carbon (sp2‐c) covalent organic frameworks (COFs), featuring distinctive π‐conjugated network structures, facilitate the migration of photo‐generated carriers, rendering them exceptionally appealing for applications in photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, owing to the powdery nature of COFs, leaving anchor the sp2‐c COFs powder tightly onto a conductive substrate challenging. Here, we propose a method for preparing photoactive substance‐conductive substrate integrated photocathodes through copper surface‐mediated knoevenagel polycondensation (Cu‐SMKP), this approach results in a uniform and stable sp2‐c COF film, directly grown on commercial copper foam (COFTh‐Cu). The COFTh‐Cu demonstrates a high H2‐evolution photocurrent density of 56 μA cm−2 at 0.3 V vs. RHE, sustaining stability for 12 h. The as‐prepared COFTh‐Cu represents a 4.5‐fold increase in current density compared to traditional spin‐coating methods and outperforms most COF photocathodes without cocatalysts. This innovative copper surface‐mediated approach for preparing photocathodes opens up a crucial pathway towards the realization of highly active COF photocathodes.
Catalytic Performance of Chiral Tetraaza‐Bridged Calix[4]arene[2]triazine Derivatives for Enantioselective Michael Reactions
Authors: Ozgun Ummu , Genc Hayriye Nevin
Published: September 2024

Novel chiral tetraaza‐bridged calix[4]arene[2]triazine‐based organocatalysts were synthesized and used for catalytic asymmetric Michael reaction of acetylacetone to various aromatic nitrostyrenes. Chiral subunits (R)‐ and (S)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1‐naphthylamine were attached to the tetraaza‐bridged calix[4]arene[2]triazine platform in both enantiomeric forms. The R configuration of the major enantiomer of the Michael product was obtained when 3a was used as catalyst, and the S configuration was obtained when 3b was used as catalyst. This indicated that the configuration of the Michael product was controlled by the chiral calixarene moiety. The Michael adducts were obtained in excellent yields (91%) and enantioselectivities (98%).
Anticoagulant Impact on Clinical Outcomes of Pulmonary Embolism Compared With Thrombolytic Therapy; Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Su Yang , Zou Dongmei , Liu Yi , Wen Chaoqun , Zhang Xialing
Published: September 2024

Background

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a critical condition requiring effective management strategies. Several options are available, including thrombolytic therapy and anticoagulants.

Objectives

To assess the impact of thrombolytic therapy either combined with anticoagulant (AC) or alone versus AC alone on mortality, recurrence, clinical deterioration, bleeding, and hospital stay.

Method

This study included 25 previously published studies from 1990 to 2023, with a total of 12 836 participants. Dichotomous and continuous analysis models were used to evaluate outcomes, with heterogeneity and publication bias tests applied. A random model was used for data analysis. Several databases were searched for the identification and inclusion of studies, such as Ovid, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Embase.

Results

For sub‐massive PE, CDT plus AC significantly reduced in‐hospital, 30‐day, and 12‐month mortality compared to AC alone, odds ratio (OR) of −0.99 (95% CI [−1.32 to −0.66]), with increased major bleeding risk but no difference in minor bleeding or hospital stay, OR = 0.46, 95% CI [−0.03 to 0.96]). For acute intermediate PE, systemic thrombolytic therapy did not affect all‐cause or in‐hospital mortality but increased minor bleeding, reduced recurrent PE, and prevented clinical deterioration. The heterogeneity of different models in the current study varied from 0% to 37.9%.

Conclusion

The addition of CDT to AC improves mortality outcomes for sub‐massive PE but raises the risk of major bleeding. Systemic thrombolytic therapy reduces recurrence and clinical decline in acute intermediate PE despite increasing minor bleeding. Individualized patient assessment is essential for optimizing PE management strategies.
Discovery of ICOS‐Targeted Small Molecules Using Affinity Selection Mass Spectrometry Screening
Authors: Zhang Longfei , Calvo‐Barreiro Laura , de Sousa Batista Victor , Świderek Katarzyna , Gabr Moustafa T.
Published: September 2024

Inducible T cell co‐stimulator (ICOS) is a positive immune checkpoint receptor expressed on the surface of activated T cells, which could promote cell function after being stimulated with ICOS ligand (ICOS−L). Although clinical benefits have been reported in the ICOS modulation‐based treatment for cancer and autoimmune disease, current modulators are restricted in biologics, whereas ICOS‐targeted small molecules are lacking. To fill this gap, we performed an affinity selection mass spectrometry (ASMS) screening for ICOS binding using a library of 15,600 molecules. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that utilizes ASMS screening to discover small molecules targeting immune checkpoints. Compound 9 with a promising ICOS/ICOS−L inhibitory profile (IC50=29.38±3.41 μM) was selected as the template for the modification. Following preliminary structure‐activity relationship (SAR) study and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation revealed the critical role of the ortho‐hydroxy group on compound 9 in the ICOS binding, as it could stabilize the interaction via the hydrogen bond formation with residuals on the glycan, and the depletion could lead to an activity lost. This work validates a promising inhibitor for the ICOS/ICOS−L interaction, and we anticipate future modifications could provide more potent modulators for this interaction.
Federated learning based multi‐head attention framework for medical image classification
Authors: Firdaus Naima , Raza Zahid
Published: September 2024

In this study, we propose a novel Federated Learning Based Multi‐Head Attention (FBMA) framework for image classification problems considering the Independent and Identically Distributed (IID) and Non‐Independent and Identically Distributed (Non‐IID) medical data. The FBMA architecture integrates FL principles with the Multi‐Head Attention mechanism, optimizing the model performance and ensuring privacy. Using Multi‐Head Attention, the FBMA framework allows the model to selectively focus on important regions of the image for feature extraction, and using FL, FBMA leverages decentralized medical institutions to facilitate collaborative model training while maintaining data privacy. Through rigorous experimentation on medical image datasets: MedMNIST Dataset, MedicalMNIST Dataset, and LC25000 Dataset, each partitioned into Non‐IID data distribution, the proposed FBMA framework exhibits high‐performance metrics. The results highlight the efficacy of our proposed FBMA framework, indicating its potential for real‐world applications where image classification demands both high accuracy and data privacy.
Bridge‐Dependent Donor‐Metal‐Acceptor‐Metal‐Donor (D–M–A–M–D) Systems: From Charge Transfer to Electron Transfer in Dioxolene‐Ge‐Diimine Complexes
Authors: Arsenyeva Kseniya V. , Klimashevskaya Anastasiya V. , Maleeva Arina V. , Arsenyev Maxim V. , Chegerev Maxim G. , Starikova Alyona A. , Yakushev Ilya A. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Piskunov Alexandr V.
Published: September 2024

Synthesis and structural characterization of a family of germanium‐dioxolene complexes with ditopic N‐donor ligands (L1‐L5) (L1=1,2‐bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethylene)hydrazine L2=1,6‐bis‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diaza‐1,5‐hexadiene, L3=N,N‐bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethylene)‐1,4‐benzenediamine, L4=N,N‐bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethylene)‐(biphenyl)‐4,4‐diamine, L5=2,2’‐azopyridine) is reported. The reaction of germanium bis‐catecholate with bridging ligands L1 – L4, differing by the nature of the linker between pyridine sites gives rise to dinuclear digermanium complexes (36Cat2Ge)2L1−4 (36Cat=dianion of 3,6‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol) 1–4 of DMAMD type (donor‐metal‐acceptor‐metal‐donor) with a charge transfer in the UV‐Vis region. In opposite, the interaction of the 36Cat2Ge with 2,2’‐azopyridine (L5) results in the two‐electron transfer from the donor 36Cat2− ligands to the azopyridine bridge forming stable open‐shell complex 5 [(36SQ)(36CatGe)]2(L5)2− (36SQ=radical‐anionic semiquinonate ligand). Molecular structures of compounds 3 and 5 were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Electronic structures of complexes 1–5 were studied by means of DFT calculations.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Activation in A Monoterpene‐Based Compound Under Mild Conditions: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Mechanistic Study
Authors: Kokina Tatiana E. , Shekhovtsov Nikita A. , Tkachev Alexey V. , Agafontsev Alexander M. , Gourlaouen Christophe , Bushuev Mark B.
Published: September 2024

A rare example of the palladium–catalyzed sp3 C−H bond activation in a monoterpene‐based compound has been observed in the reaction of PdCl2 with a (+)‐3‐carene‐based ligand HL (HL=N‐((1aS,3S,7bR)‐1,1,3‐trimethyl‐7‐phenyl‐5‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1a,2,3,7b‐tetrahydro‐1H‐cyclopropa[f]quinolin‐3‐yl)acetamide), which yielded the [PdLCl] complex. In contrast to the vast majority of C(sp3)−H activation reactions which require prolonged heating and mixing due to the inert character of the corresponding bond, the reaction reported herein proceeds rapidly under mild conditions. A theoretical insight into the ligand deprotonation has been performed by DFT calculations. The mechanism of the C−H activation involves (i) simultaneous coordination of the CH3 group of HL to the Pd2+ ion and decoordination of the Cl− anion with consequent formation of a Cl⋅⋅⋅H−N hydrogen bond with the amide group, (ii) approximation of the out‐of‐sphere Cl− anion to one of the hydrogen atoms of the CH3 group mediated by the crane motion of the amide group and (iii) the ejection of the HCl molecule, which increases the entropy of the system and serves as a driving force for the reaction.
Exploring the psychological antecedents of suppliers' sustainability practices: A qualitative investigation in the Indian textile industry
Authors: Sahu Rahul , Niranjan Tarikere T.
Published: September 2024

The uncertainties associated with modern businesses complicate decision‐making, especially in complex supply chains, such as those of the textile industry, which has its hub in emerging South Asian countries. Using the Indian textile industry as the research setting, this paper explores from a psychological lens how suppliers process uncertainties while adopting sustainability practices. The study uncovers certification agencies, interpersonal trust between suppliers and buyers, and suppliers' size, as key constructs that influence how suppliers perceive and process risks and ambiguities, and in turn how that influences their adoption of sustainability practices. Combining these empirical insights with the stakeholder and relational view theories, we develop a comprehensive framework to model suppliers' sustainability decision‐making in the face of uncertainty. This study uncovers nuances of uncertainty aversion, which provide valuable insights for practitioners while also breaking fertile ground for future academic research to quantify the emergent propositions.