bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De Nigris will Markenabsatz stärken
Authors:   Bender, Ralf
Published: October 2021

In Deutschland macht der Essighersteller De Nigris schon einen großen Teil seines Auslandsgeschäftes – überwiegend aber unter Private Label. Nun soll die Marke aufgebaut werden.
Martino soll als Couscous-Marke bekannter werden
Authors:   Bender, Ralf
Published: October 2021

Der Couscous-Hersteller S.I.P.A. will mit Innovationen die Marke Martino voranbringen.
Pastificio Rana peilt Milliardengrenze an
Authors:   Bender, Ralf
Published: October 2021

Nach einem Umsatzsprung von mehr als 16 Prozent könnte Rana in diesem Jahr die Milliardengrenze erreichen. Besonders gut läuft es in den USA.
La Selva baut Produktionskapazität aus
Authors:   Bender, Ralf
Published: October 2021

An seiner bewährten Vertriebsstrategie in Deutschland will der Bio-Pionier La Selva auch künftig festhalten.
Volle Ladung
Authors: Hanke Gerd
Published: October 2021

Die E-Mobilität gewinnt an Dynamik. Der Ausbau der Ladenetz-Infrastruktur spielt dabei eine entscheidende Rolle. Automobilhersteller, Mineralöl-Konzerne und Stromversorger rüsten auf. Für den Handel eröffnen sich neue Chancen. Gerd Hanke
Nachhaltigkeit auch in der Küche
Authors: Konrad Jörg
Published: October 2021

Kochen ist ein zentraler Bestandteil des Lebens. In Deutschlands Küchen kochen neun von zehn Menschen regelmäßig. Wo sich die Verbraucher inspirieren lassen, ermittelte Innofact in einer Studie. Für die Hälfte der Interviewten ist das Thema Nachhaltigkeit bei der Ernährung hochrelevant.
Tendenz zu Papier schränkt das Recycling ein
Authors: Rachut Gunda
Published: October 2021

Nach der Überarbeitung des Mindeststandards zur Recyclingfähigkeit von Verpackungen zeichnet sich weiterer Anpassungsbedarf ab. Die 2022 anstehende Version wird die tatsächliche Verwertung faserbasierter Verpackungen abbilden und neuen Papierverpackungen für flüssige und pastöse Füllgüter Rechnung tragen, deren Recycling vor Hindernissen steht.
„Albgemacht“ steht für mehr als Regionalität
Authors: Heimig Dieter
Published: October 2021

Unter dem Label „Albgemacht“ vermarkten Hersteller von der Schwäbischen Alb diverse Lebensmittel in eigenen Hofläden und Supermärkten.
Frießinger expandiert weiter
Authors: Heimig Dieter
Published: October 2021

Die Mühle am Neckar befindet sich weiter auf Wachstumskurs – mit Steigerungen im Absatz und Investitionen am Standort.
Schapfenmühle fördert Blühstreifen
Authors: Heimig Dieter
Published: October 2021

Die Schapfenmühle versorgt den Lebensmitteleinzelhandel vor allem mit Produkten in Bioqualität und ist dabei ein bedeutender Handelsmarken-Anbieter.
WG Metzingen verkauft nur in der Region
Authors: Heimig Dieter
Published: October 2021

Die Weingärtnergenossenschaft Metzingen-Neuhausen engagiert sich für den Erhalt der Kulturlandschaft auf der Schwäbischen Alb.
BAT Deutschland nimmt weit mehr ein
Authors: Varnholt Hendrik
Published: October 2021

British American Tobacco macht in der Corona-Krise gute Geschäfte. Der Tabakkonzern hat seinen Deutschland-Umsatz im Jahr 2020 um 11 Prozent gesteigert. BAT und andere Hersteller profitieren davon, dass Raucher in der Pandemie selten im Ausland kaufen.
Tierhaltung steht vor einem Strukturbruch
Authors: Lenders Dirk
Published: October 2021

Die Unsicherheiten beim Umbau der Fleisch- und Milcherzeugung hin zu mehr Tierwohl, hohe Futterkosten und niedrige Preise sorgen für schlechte Stimmung in der Landwirtschaft. Offenbar wollen etliche Betriebe aufgeben.
„Wir wollen in höhere Haltungsformstufen“
Authors: Kühn Iki
Published: October 2021

Mehr Tierwohl auch für Milchvieh, das hat sich die Schwarz Gruppe vorgenommen. Kein einfacher Weg, erklärt der Bereichsleiter für Ernährung und Agrar, Leif Balz.
Kuh und Erbse unter einem Dach
Authors: Lenders Dirk
Published: October 2021

Die Vorfreude auf persönliche Treffen überwiegt bei den Molkereien die Skepsis, ob genügend Besucher kommen. Innovationen sowohl aus Kuhmilch als auch Produkte auf pflanzlicher Basis werden präsentiert.
Die Hersteller sind besonders um Transparenz bemüht
Authors: Schindler Barbara
Published: October 2021

Von den namhaften heimischen Anbietern halten Seeberger, Seitenbacher, Develey und die österreichische VOG in Köln die Fahne hoch. An kulinarischen Highlights herrscht kein Mangel.
Heißgetränke-Anbieter haben Gesprächsbedarf
Authors: Varnholt Hendrik
Published: October 2021

Rund 80 Aussteller zeigen auf der Anuga Tees und Kaffees. Ihnen und ihren Kunden bietet die Teilmesse Anuga Hot Beverages eine Plattform, die zwei Themen prägen dürften: die Rohwarenversorgung und der zunehmende Anspruch der Verbraucher.
Virtuelle Showrooms als Ersatz für Präsenzmessen
Authors: Chernobylskaya Mayya
Published: October 2021

Not, oder besser gesagt Corona, macht erfinderisch. Auf den Ausfall von zahlreichen Präsenzmessen reagieren die Hersteller mit digitalen Innovationen. Vier Beispiele.
Unterschiedliche Bilanz
Authors: Balzer Heike
Published: October 2021

Das doch positive Resümee hat einen Haken: Große Herausforderungen ergeben sich jetzt aus Preissteigerungen für die Bereiche Logistik, Rohstoffe, Verpackungsmaterial und Energie
Meister’s Bautzen setzt jetzt auch auf Fisch
Authors: Balzer Heike
Published: October 2021

Mit der neuen Marke Sachsenfisch ist der Wurstspezialist bereits auf großes Interesse gestoßen. Die Pandemie hat den regionalen Wurst- und Fleischwaren einen ordentlichen Schub verliehen.
Naba gewinnt über die Krise hinweg
Authors: Balzer Heike
Published: October 2021

Der Trend zu veganen und vegetarischen Convenience-Produkten hat die Absätze für die Marke und auch für die Handelsmarken deutlich erhöht.
Kathi baut Marktposition aus
Authors: Balzer Heike
Published: October 2021

Das bewährte Regionalitätsversprechen für sämtliche Mehle und Backmischungen lockt immer mehr Kunden.
Legu will es gesund
Authors: Balzer Heike
Published: October 2021

Für weitreichenden Veränderungen in der Ernährung will Legu Sachsen neue Ansätze schaffen, mit der der Wandel effizient und mit minimiertem Risiko realisiert werden kann.
Lichter aus im Schweinestall
Authors: Huber Daphne
Published: October 2021

Frankfurt a.M. Politiker reagieren mit Krisengesprächen auf die Niedrigpreis-Misere am Schweinemarkt. Den Produzenten fehlt die nötige Liquidität.
Agrarpolitische Positionen im Überblick
Authors: Schirmacher Henrike
Published: October 2021

Die Landwirtschaft steht vor großen Umbrüchen, die viele Betriebe schon heute spüren. Nach der Bundestagswahl am 26. September ist die Agrarpolitik gefragt, die Transformation zu gestalten. Die beiden Agrarökonomen Prof. Peter Feindt und Pascal Grohmann von der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin haben einen Blick in die Wahlprogramme geworfen – die Lösungsvorschläge der Parteien liegen weit auseinander. Protokolle: Henrike Schirmacher
Australien erntet mehr Canola und Weizen
Authors: Pionke Stefanie , Huber Daphne
Published: October 2021

Frankfurt a.M. Landwirte in Australien haben den Canola-Anbau aufgrund hoher Preise deutlich ausgedehnt. In der EU besteht ein großer Importbedarf an Raps.
Mehr Vertrauen in die Marktwirtschaft
Authors: Pionke Stefanie
Published: October 2021

Am Sonntag finden die Wahlen zum 20. Deutschen Bundestag statt. Auch wenn Agrarpolitik im Wahlkampf eine eher untergeordnete Rolle spielte, stehen für Landwirte und Unternehmen der Branche in den kommenden Jahren wichtige Entscheidungen bevor. Entsprechend klar fällt die To-do-Liste der Praktiker:innen für die künftige Bundesregierung aus.
„Die grüne Architektur enthält Fehler“
Authors: Huber Daphne
Published: October 2021

„Wir müssen uns nicht aus Berlin-Mitte sagen lassen, wie wir im Flächenland Rheinland-Pfalz Ackerbau betreiben sollen“, sagte eine selbstbewusste Agrarministerin Daniela Schmitt (FDP) auf der Tagung der Hessisch-Pfälzischen Zuckerrübenanbauer. Der Wiederaufbau der zerstörten Region Ahrtal spielt für Schmitt eine wichtige Rolle.
„Bei den Preisen für Speisekartoffeln scheint der Boden erreicht“
Authors: Scheffer Mareike
Published: October 2021

Starkregen im Wechsel mit Trockenheit hat den Kartoffelerzeugern im Rheinland zugesetzt. Die Kampagne kann sich noch bis Oktober hinziehen. Die Erwartungen an die Vermarktung der Haupternte schildert Wilfried Beeker.
CONSISTENCY ANALYSIS OF PLANNING AND BUDGETING AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS ON PERFORMANCE ACHIEVEMENTS AT BAPPEDA OF NAGAN RAYA REGENCY
Authors: Sarnando M. Ikmal , Yasrizal Yasrizal
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine how consistent planning and budgeting is and aims to see performance achievements at the Regional Development Planning Agency of Nagan Raya Regency in 2018-2020. In calculating the suitability between programs and script activities carried out using the Consolidated Planning and Budgeting Matrix (MKPP) as well as the causes of non-synchronization between programs and activities between scripts carried out by detailed interviews. Obtaining requests for reading on orders between planning and budgeting manuscripts at Bappeda Kbaupaten Nagan Raya is adequate. The best fit is in the RKA and DPA texts. The cause of the inconsistency is caused by programs and activities that are not in sync with each other as well as technical obstacles in the field and the transfer of necessary central funds. The results of the analysis of performance in the Bappeda of Nagan Raya Regency as a whole, programs, and activities that have been determined.
New approach to appraise non-structural Tyumen formation traps in the absence of high quality of data
Authors: Viktorova Evgeniia M. , Zhigulina Daria I. , Kiselev Pavel Y. , Klimov Vladimir Y.
Published: October 2021

Background. On the one hand, the focus of exploration works changes to the more difficult reserves side, which were basically accumulated in the non-structural traps of Achimov and Tyumen formations. On the other hand, there are two important questions. The first is how the volume of reserves should be estimated correctly and the second is which volume of reserves is enough for economic successfully development. Aim. The main aim is to create a new actual approach of non-structural traps appraisal is considered in the absence of high quality of seismic data which allows identify such types of traps, which allows identify such types of traps. Materials and methods. Presented at the article algorithm enables estimate resources of non-lithological traps as exemplified in Tyumen formation, which was formed during depositional changes from continental to transitional depositional environments. The algorithm consists of some steps. The first step is collection on numbers, sizes and areas potential sand bodies based on different seismic attributes from analogies data. On the next step the coefficient which shows what numbers of geological bodies can be found on the unit of area was defined. Based on these data the probability distribution function which shows what part of studied area could be covered by potential bodies was made. After these steps, the integral resource base without regard to geological chance of success (gCoS) can be estimated. In order to account for geological risks the numbers of potential traps (including also non-structural traps), which were formed by meandering rives, tidal channels and point-bars, have to be defined. As a result, the discrete mathematical distribution of expected numbers of traps was made based on analogies data. If the oil infl ow was obtained from wells which have already drilled on the studied area part of resource base transfer to reserves (without including gCoS). Results. Discussed method was applied for “blind-test” on the new studied block with 3D seismic data. The obtained results of potential sand bodies fraction is correspond to the initial distribution from analogy fields. The method can be used for resource base potential on any block where there are lithological traps, which are controlled by mainly the facies conditions instead of structural plan, and also the 3D seismic data is absent. Conclusions. The appliance of discussed method which based on the available statistical data helps improve the quality estimation of change resource base range and allows to map the new prospective areas containing reserves and resources. One more important thing is this method allows to resolve the problem of base potential estimation and as a result to put a price on asset and risk capital values needed to explore the potential areas by drilling before the key outlays in the exploration program will be invested.
SENTIDOS E SIGNIFICADOS DO TRABALHO: PERSPECTIVAS E TEÓRICAS EPISTEMOLÓGICAS
Authors: Pegoraro Gai Maria Julia , Sepúlveda Sales Synara , Flores Costa Vânia Medianeira
Published: October 2021

Ao considerar a centralidade do trabalho e sua influência em diversos âmbitos da vida dos sujeitos, o entendimento dos sentidos e significados atrelados favorece a compreensão a respeito da percepção das pessoas quanto ao trabalho que executam, o que requer delimitações teóricas e epistemológicas acuradas para uma compreensão apropriada sobre o construto. Em vista disso, o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar as diferenças e aproximações teóricas e epistemológicas a respeito do sentido e significado do trabalho. Para isso, foi executada uma revisão de literatura narrativa a respeito da literatura sobre o tema, focando nas distinções teóricas e epistemológicas. Identificou-se classificações referentes às abordagens Cognitivista, Existencialista, Construcionista, de Estudos Culturais, Sócio-histórica e Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. No entanto, ainda há necessidade de maior clareza conceitual a respeito das possíveis abordagens relacionadas aos sentidos e significados do trabalho, com maior delimitação quanto ao uso dos diferentes termos adotados.
Low-latitude climate change linked to high-latitude glaciation during the Late Paleozoic Ice Age: evidence from the terrigenous detrital kaolinite
Authors: Zhang Peixin , Lu Jing , Yang Minfang , Shao Longyi , Wang Ziwei , Hilton Jason
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA; ca. 360–260 million years ago) was one of the most significant glacial events in Earth history that records cycles of ice advance and retreat in southern high-latitude Gondwana and provides a deep-time perspective for climate-glaciation coevolution. However, climate records from the LIPA are poorly understood in low latitudes, particularly in the North China Plate (NCP) on the eastern Palaeo-Tethys. We address this through a detailed mineralogical study of the marine-continental sedimentary succession in the Yuzhou Coalfield from the southern NCP in which we apply Zircon U-Pb dating, biostratigraphy, and high-resolution clay mineral composition to reconstruct latest Carboniferous to early Permian chronostratigraphy and climate change. The Benxi, Taiyuan, and Shanxi formations in the study area are assigned to the Gzhelian, Asselian-Artinskian, and Kungurian-Roadian stages respectively and the Carboniferous Permian lithostratigraphy across NCP recognized as widely diachronous. Detrital micromorphology of kaolinite under scanning electron microscopy and illite crystallization indicates kaolinite contents to be a robust proxy for palaeoclimate reconstruction. Kaolinite data show alternating warm-humid and cool-humid climate conditions that are roughly consistent with the calibrated glacial-interglacial successions recognized in high-latitude eastern Australia, including the glaciations P1 (Asselian-early Sakmarian) and P2 (late Sakmarian-early Artinskian), as well as the climatic transition to glaciation P3 (Roadian). Our results indicate a comparatively cool-humid and warm-humid climate mode in low-latitude NCP during glacial and interglacial periods, and this is a significant step toward connecting climate change in low-latitudes to high-latitude glaciation during the LPIA.
Assessment of the data assimilation framework for the Rapid Refresh Forecast System v0.1 and impacts on forecasts of convective storms
Authors: Banos Ivette H. , Mayfield Will D. , Ge Guoqing , Sapucci Luiz F. , Carley Jacob R. , Nance Louisa
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The Rapid Refresh Forecast System (RRFS) is currently under development and aims to replace the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational suite of regional and convective scale modeling systems in the next upgrade. In order to achieve skillful forecasts comparable to the current operational suite, each component of the RRFS needs to be configured through exhaustive testing and evaluation. The current data assimilation component uses the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) system. In this study, various data assimilation algorithms and configurations in GSI are assessed for their impacts on RRFS analyses and forecasts of a squall line over Oklahoma on 4 May 2020. Results show that a baseline RRFS run without data assimilation is able to represent the observed convection, but with stronger cells and large location errors. With data assimilation, these errors are reduced, especially in the 4 and 6 h forecasts using 75 % of the ensemble background error covariance (BEC) and with the supersaturation removal function activated in GSI. Decreasing the vertical ensemble localization radius in the first 10 layers of the hybrid analysis results in overall less skillful forecasts. Convection and precipitation are overforecast in most forecast hours when using planetary boundary layer pseudo-observations, but the root mean square error and bias of the 2 h forecast of 2 m dew point temperature are reduced by 1.6 K during the afternoon hours. Lighter hourly accumulated precipitation is predicted better when using 100 % ensemble BEC in the first 4 h forecast, but heavier hourly accumulated precipitation is better predicted with 75 % ensemble BEC. Our results provide insight into current capabilities of the RRFS data assimilation system and identify configurations that should be considered as candidates for the first version of RRFS.
Nuansa Tasawuf dalam Surah al-Fatihah: Analisis Mafâtîh al-Ghaib Karya Fakhruddîn al-Râzî
Authors: Kodrat Permana Aramdhan
Published: October 2021

Mafâtîh al-Ghaib karya Fakhr al-Dîn al-Râzî seringkali dipahami sebagai tafsir yang bercorak ilmi dan falsafi an sich sehingga pemikiran tasawuf Fakhr al-Dîn al-Râzî dalam tafsir tersebut tidak banyak dikaji. Padahal data historis biografisnya menjelaskan pergumulannya dengan tasawuf. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan nuansa tasawuf surah al-Fâtihah dalam Mafâtîh al-Ghaib. Surah ini tidak hanya diperlakukan khusus oleh al-Râzî dengan penafsirannya dalam satu jilid penuh, surah tersebut juga dalam pandangan al-Râzî memiliki probabilitas penafsiran sampai alf alf nuktah. Dengan menggunakan library research dan pendekatan idealis dan reduktionis serta metode komparatif hasil dari penelitian ini; 1) nuansa tafsir al-Râzî terhadap surah al-Fâtihah sangat kental; 2) tafsirnya berpusat pada metode munasabah dakhiliyyah (antar ayat dalam surah al-Fatihah)-kharijiyyah (antar ayat al-Qur’an dan hadis) dan metode ramzî (simbolik) yang sering digunakan oleh para sufi dalam menafsirkan al-Qur’ân.
Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa sebagai Inti Kurikulum di Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu
Authors: Syahril Akbar Gilang
Published: October 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa sebagai kurikulum inti di Sekolah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di di SDIT Ad-Dakwah Cibadak dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, sebuah bentuk prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data dalam bentuk wawancara dan perilaku yang dapat diamati orang (subjek) itu sendiri. Validitas data menggunakan perpanjangan partisipasi, pengamatan ketekunan, triangulasi, diskusi rekan, dan menggunakan kecukupan referensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) Ketuhanan yang maha Esa sebagai inti kurikulum adalah model yang mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa ke dalam struktur kurikulum sekolah (2) langkah-langkah untuk menerapkan kurikulum tersebut adalah melatih guru, menciptakan suasana keagamaan, mengintegrasikan nilai Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa ke dalam mata pelajaran umum, dan menerapkan pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa sebagai kurikulum inti di SDIT Ad-Dakwah Cibadak adalah model yang mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai keimanan ke dalam kurikulum sejak struktur kurikulum sebagai ide, dokumen kurikulum, hingga implementasi kurikulum.
Investigation of the antibiotic resistance of staphylococcus species isolated from foods
Authors: Horváth Brigitta , Peles Ferenc , Gasparikné Reichardt Judit , Pocklán Edit , Sipos Rita , Erős Ágnes , Petróczki Flóra Mária , Szűcs Kata Dorina , Albert Ervin , Micsinai Adrienn
Published: October 2021

The presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains in the food chain has been confirmed by several studies in the European Union, but there are only limited data available in Hungary. The objective of the present study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus strains isolated from foods, using classical microbiological, molecular biological methods and the MALDI-TOF-MS technique, as well as the multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of antibiotic resistant strains. During the study, 47 coagulase-positive (CPS) and 30 coagulase-negative (CNS) Staphylococcus isolates were collected. In the course of the MALDI-TOF-MS investigations, all CPS isolates (n=47) were found to be S. aureus species, while 8 different species were identified in the case of the CNS strains. Methicillin resistance was confirmed in two S. aureus strains, one of which had a sequence type not yet known, while the other MRSA strain was type ST398, which is the most common type of MRSA strain isolated from farm animals in the EU/EEA. (The abbreviation “MRSA” is often used in common parlance, but occasionally in the literature to denote “multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus”. In the authors’ manuscript - the methicillin-resistant pathogen is correctly designated as such. Ed.)
PENGARUH REPUTASI PERUSAHAAN DAN KOMPENSASI JAMINAN SOSIAL TERHADAP KINERJA MELALUI SEMANGAT KERJA KARYAWAN PT. CIPTA MAPAN LOGISTIK SURABAYA
Authors: Prasetya Indra , Prasetyo Indra , Budiarto Wasis
Published: October 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan reputasi perusahaan, kompensasi jaminan sosial dan kinerja karyawan melalui semangat kerja di PT. Cipta Mapan Logistik Surabaya. Untuk membuktikan dan menganalisis pengaruh reputasi perusahaan terhadap kinerja karyawan, kompensasi jaminan sosial terhadap kinerja karyawan, semangat kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan, reputasi perusahaan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap semangat kerja karyawan, kompensasi jaminan sosial memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap semangat karyawan, semangat kerja sebagai variabel intervening antara reputasi terhadap kinerja karyawan dan semangat kerja sebagai variabel intervening antara jaminan sosial terhadap kinerja karyawan PT. Cipta Mapan Logistik Surabaya.

Penelitian ini bertempat di PT. Cipta Mapan Logistik Cabang Surabaya. Populasi dalam penelitian ini merupakan seluruh karyawan PT. Cipta Mapan Logistik Cabang Surabaya yaitu 118 orang karyawan. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah Quota Sampling. Dari 118 eksemplar kuesioner yang disebarkan, sebanyak 80 kuesioner yang kembali, sedangkan 38 kuesioner tidak kembali. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan rancangan penelitian, analisa data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis jalur (path analysis).    

Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa Reputasi perusahaan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Kompensasi jaminan sosial memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Semangat kerja memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Reputasi perusahaan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap semangat kerja karyawan. Kompensasi jaminan sosial memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap semangat karyawan. Semangat kerja sebagai variabel intervening berpengaruh antara reputasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Semangat kerja sebagai variabel intervening berpangaruh antara jaminan sosial terhadap kinerja karyawan.
PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA, ETOS KERJA, DAN PELATIHAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DI PT. BRATACO CABANG SURABAYA
Authors: Arrizky Satrya Yudha , Budiarto Wasis , Prasetyo Indra
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh disiplin kerja, etos kerja, pelatihan terhadap kinerja karyawan di PT. Brataco Cabang Surabaya. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan teknik nonprobability sampling berjumlah 49 responden. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dari karyawan PT. Brataco Cabang Surabaya dan data sekunder yaitu data absensi karyawan PT. Brataco Cabang Surabaya. Teknik analisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan didapatkan hasil bahwa Karyawan di PT. Brataco Cabang Surabaya memiliki disiplin kerja, etos kerja, pelatihan, dan kinerja yang tinggi. Disiplin kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan di PT. Brataco Cabang Surabaya. Etos kerja berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan di PT. Brataco Cabang Surabaya. Pelatihan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan di PT. Brataco Cabang Surabaya.
PERANAN MANAJEMEN STRES DAN KONFLIK KARYAWAN DALAM MENGATASI PERGANTIAN MANAJEMEN PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Apriyani Helina , Helling Lydia Salvina
Published: October 2021

Upaya peningkatan dalam perusahaan terus dilakukan. Salah satunya dengan pergantian manajemen perusahaan. Pergantian manajemen perusahaan ini tentunya akan berimbas pada kinerja, tata kelola pekerjaan dan peraturan-peraturan yang ada. Dengan adanya pergantian manajemen perusahaan maka akan banyak perubahan didalamnya. Seperti jam kerja, perhitungan lembur, jenis pekerjaan dan pimpinan dalam perusahaan tersebut. Jika karyawan tidak siap dengan perubahan manajemen perusahaan yang menuntut adanya tambahan jam kerja dan kreatifitas, maka akan membuat stress kerja pada karyawan tersebut yang nantinya akan berimbas konflik kerja antar karyawan. Faktor yang menyebabkan karyawan menjadi stress dalam menghadapi manajemen baru, yaitu inovasi dan jam kerja yang lebih panjang.  Namun adapun dari faktor yang memicu stress dalam kasus ini stress yang juga disebabkan oleh kondisi kerja. Cara mengatasi stress dalam perubahan yang terjadi dalam proses pergantian manajemen adalah adanya dialog antara karyawan, dalam hal ini adanya perwakilan karyawan yang ada dalam serikat pekerja dengan dewan manajemen misalnya mengadakan rapat manajemen dan memecahkan masalah pergantian manajemen ini. Dalam dialog tersebut didalmnya ada proses negoisasi, mediasi, kompromi dan rekonsiliasi. Selain itu harus adanya unsur toleransi dalam rapat tersebut. Yaitu saling menerima perbedaan pendapat, saling memahami satu sama lain, saling membantu dan berjalan dengan damai.Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tiga teknik yaitu wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh selama penelitian dianalisis dengan langkah-langkah yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA KERJA KARYAWAN BAGIAN PRODUKSI DI CV. SARI TIRTA JAYA DALAM PANDANGAN ISLAM
Authors: Ngaisyah Dewi
Published: October 2021

Sumber daya manusia adalah aset perusahaan yang sangat menentukan keberhasilan perusahaan dalam mencapai tujuan. karena itu perlu mendapat perhatian dengan memberikan pelatihan dan motivasi agar dapat meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan, penelitian ini adalah menelusuri tentang pelatihan dan motivasikerja dan pengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan bagian produksi di CV Sari Tirta Jaya di Surabaya dalam pandangan Islam, sementara teori yang digunakan untuk mendukung pembahasan penelitian ini adalah teori Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia yang berkaitan dengan pelatihan, motivasi dan kinerja karyawan serta kaidah-kaidah yang ada dalam Islam, sehingga penelitian ini dikategorikan dalam penelitian surve dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan jenis deskriptif, dengan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian populasi denganjumlah responden sebanyak 110 karyawan, adapun metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier ganda dengan menggunakan sofware SPSS yang hasil dari penelitian lebih lanjut dikonsultasikan pada sisi kajian Islam secara literer, walhasil luaran penelitian menemukan bahwa: (1) Pelatihan dan motivasi kerja berpengaruh yang kuat dengan nilai R sebesar 0,881 sedangkan dari nilai R squarenya 77,62 menunjukkan bahwa variabel pelatihan kerja dan motivasi berpengaruh sebesar 77,62%sedangkan sisanya sebesar 22,3% dipengaruhi oleh variabel yang lain diluar penelitian (2) Pelatihan dan motivasi kerja mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan hal ini dibuktikan dengan uji F diperoleh Fhitung = 49,332 lebih besar dari Ftabel=1,83 sementara kajian literasi mengatakan perbuatan pelatihan dan motivasi sangat dianjurkan karena untuk peningkatan potensi diri sebagai manusia dan ahli dalam bidangnya.
PERNIKAHAN DIBAWAH UMUR
Authors: Jamilah Fitrotin , Evendi Wakid , Sunardi Sunardi , Astutiek Dwi
Published: October 2021

Marriage is an inner and outer bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy and eternal family or household based on the supreme divinity. And as for underage marriage according to law is marriage that is not in accordance with the marriage law chapter 11 article 1 verse 1 which states that marriage can only be permitted if the male has reached the age of 19 years and the women has reached the age of 16 years. Thus if marriage under the age determined by the law, the marriage is underage. As for the purpose of this study id to discuss about 1) the definition of underage marriage according to the law, 2) the factors that cause underage marriage, 3) the impact of underage marriage, and 4) how to overcome and reduce the existence underage marriage. Explanation of the 4 discussion abavoe will help us to understand and add to our insights into underage marriage according to the law the causal factors and even the impact and how to overcome the problem
RELEVANSI QIYAS UANG KERTAS TERHADAP EMAS DAN PERAK
Authors: Barakah Ainun
Published: October 2021

There is a debate between the scholars about the status of banknotes, whether he can be sent to Naqdain (gold and silver) or not, or can be given but not completely. If it can be based on gold and silver, What is the legal consequence? What law is accompanying it? Is there any similarity between paper money and silver gold so it can be in the state, how the scholars ' views and opinions on the law of banknotes. In this research, some of the questions above are described and shown in the following scholars in each group, accompanied by arguments from each party. Keywords : qiyas, naqdain. Emas dan Perak
PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL MELALUI DIALOG ANTAR UMAT BERAGAMA PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN DAN HADITS
Authors: Santoso Roib , Roji Fahrur , Zaini M. Farid
Published: October 2021

Pendidikan multikultural dipandang penting untuk mengubah paradigma seseorang bahkan masyarakat yang monokultural menjadi multikultural, Pendidikan multikultural disampaikan dan dimusyawarahkan dengan antar umat beragama (non muslim). Ide-ide pendidikan multikultural selain diinternalisasikan dalam dunia pendidikan, juga dilakukan melalui dialog antar umat beragama dalam bentuk FKUB. FKUB sampai saat ini dipandang efektif dan efisien untuk menyampaikan ide-ide pendidikan multikultural karena keterwakilan dari berbagai kelompok dan golongan tersebut. Penyampaian ide-ide pendidikan multikultural disampaikan dengan pola komunikasi yang diajarkan dalam al-Qur’an. Dalam kontek al-Qur’an dan Hadits, pendidikan multikultural menguraikan ragam bentuk komunikasi dengan qaulan ma’rufan (berbicara dengan kata-kata yang lembut) qaulan sadiidan (berbicara dengan tutur kata yang benar), qaulan balighan (menasehati secara rahasia dan menasehati dengan kata-kata yang bisa membekas di hatinya), qaulan kariman (berkata yang menenteramkan hati yang disesuaikan dengan keadaan, kebiasaan dan zaman), qaulan maysuuran (perkataan yang baik agar tidak mengecewakan karena belum mendapat yang diharapkan), dan qaulan layyinan yaitu perkataan yang lembut dan beradab, tidak membual, tidak keras ucapannya dan tidak kasar sikapnya). Pola komunikasi ini menjadi dasar dalam implementasi pendidikan multikultural melalui dialog antar umat beragama, sehingga kerukunan dan saling menghormati antar umat beragama dapat terwujud dengan baik
ОПЫТНО-ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ СУГЛИНИСТЫХ ГРУНТОВ ПЛОТИНЫ ПСКЕМСКОЙ ГЭС
Authors: Ибрагимов Кудайберген , Артыкбаев Дархан , Байболов Канат
Published: October 2021

В данной работе представлены результаты определения максимальных плотностей и оптимальных влажностей супесчано-суглинистых грунтов карьера месторождения №4 для плотины Пскемской ГЭС. Эти данные получены при помощи стандартного прибора уплотнения по специальной методике. Здесь использовалось четыре стандарта в зависимости от назначения, высоты и класса сооружения, применялись различные уплотняющие работы. При этом варьировались в основном вес, высота подъема гири, а также количество слоев уплотняемого грунта.

            Для определения максимальной плотности и оптимальной влажности строится график зависимости плотности грунта от влажности уплотненных образцов. Находят максимум полученной зависимости и соответствующие ему величины максимальной плотности сухого грунта и оптимальной влажности.
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ НАДЕЖНОСТИ БУКСОВЫХ УЗЛОВ КОЛЕСНЫХ ПАР ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНЫХ ВАГОНОВ
Authors: Аширбаев Галымжан , Утепова Акерке , Аширбаева Ирина
Published: October 2021

В статье представлены работы автора, выполненные в соответствии с требованиями тестовой программы. Приведены результаты полной ревизии типовой и экспериментальной боксерских групп колесных пар.
ҒИМАРАТ ІШІНДЕ АДАМДАР ҚОЗҒАЛЫСЫН МОДЕЛЬДЕУДІҢ НЕГІЗГІ АМАЛДАРЫ
Authors: Амиргалиев Едилхан , Калижанова Алия , Козбакова Айнур , Амиргалиева Жазира , Астанаева Айгерім
Published: October 2021

Төтенше жағдайлардың алдын алу және олардың зардаптарын азайту мақсатында елде бағдарламалар мен үкіметтік қаулылар қабылданады. Төтенше жағдайлар министрліктерінің (ТЖМ) органдары ұйымдық нығайтылғанына, тиісті нормативтік-құқықтық базаны құрғанына, іс-қимылдарды халықаралық ұйымдармен келіскеніне қарамастан, ТЖ алдын алу мен жоюдың қолданыстағы мемлекеттік жүйесі жетілдіруді және жаңғыртуды қажет етеді.Ағында адамдардың жайғасуы әрқашан әркелкі болып, көбінесе, кездейсоқ сипатқа ие. Жүріп бара жатқан адамдардың арасындағы арақашықтық қашанда өзгеріп, таралатын кейін қайта құрылатын жергілікті тығыздалу пайда болады. Бұл өзгерістер уақыт жағынан тұрақсыз. Ағындағы адамдар қозғалысының жылдамдығын анықтайтын ең негізгі факторлардың бірі – адамдардың бұқаралық тығыздығы болып табылады. Мақалада төтенше жағдайда оқу орнынан адамдарды эвакуациялау қаралады. Бұл мәселені шешу үшін ғимарат ішіндегі адамдар ағындарының қозғалысының математикалық әдістері мен модельдері қолданылды.
АНАЛИЗ И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СУЩЕСТВУЮЩЕГО ОПЫТА ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ВОЛОКОННО-ОПТИЧЕСКИХ ДАТЧИКОВ ДЛЯ КОНТРОЛЯ СОСТОЯНИЯ МЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ И СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ
Authors: Калижанова Алия , Кашаганова Гулжан , Козбакова Айнур , Едилхан Дидар , Амиргалиева Жазира , Оразбеков Жасулан
Published: October 2021

В данной статье сделан обзор и рассмотрены вопросы мониторинга конструкции объектов промышленности. Проанализированы методы и средства мониторинга. Наиболее перспективным подходов является использование волоконно-оптических датчиков в качестве ключевого элемента системы мониторинга. А именно применение волоконно-оптических датчиков на основе волоконных решеток Брэгга.   Рассмотрены виды волоконно-оптических датчиков на основе волоконных решеток Брэгга. Использование таких датчиков в системе мониторинга позволит наиболее упростить измерение и получить достоверные данные, а также получить все новые возможности измерения различных величин одновременно.
CALCULATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE WIND TURBINE ROTOR TEMPERATURE SENSOR
Authors: Fazylova Alina
Published: October 2021

Today, all the processes associated with technology, mainly operate in autonomous modes, so devices such as a temperature sensor are a must. Since technical progress is taking place in industry and production by leaps and bounds, all equipment most often used in various kinds of processes and work has an automatic principle of operation [1]

However, for productive work, albeit automated units, it is necessary to comply with all the exact indicators at which the device's performance will be the highest. These indicators include values, namely the required, more precisely, the working pressure, speed, and temperature. To prevent rapid wear and overload of automated equipment, the temperature level must be measured. Of course, this is not done with a simple thermometer or thermometer. For these purposes, special devices are used, such as temperature sensors. Wind power is one of the most important renewable energy solutions. As a rule, wind farms are located far from civilization, in remote regions - in hilly areas, on the sea coast [2]. These types of terrain are chosen because wind energy becomes profitable only under conditions that allow obtaining the maximum amount of wind throughout the year. However, the harsher environment calls for more sophisticated wind turbines, usually consisting of towers, blades, hubs and nacelles. To ensure control over all parts of the wind turbine, companies install controllers near the tower. A wind generator controller, like a PLC, is the brain of any wind generator, providing control over the system as a whole, the ability to generate reports and monitoring. The generator must be controlled and programmed; without a controller, it couldn't work correctly. For this reason, the controllers must be connected to a single system for remote monitoring, power generation reporting, parameter monitoring and diagnostic maintenance [3].This article provides an algorithm for calculating a temperature sensor for its correct selection for a wind generator system, which will subsequently be used for a temperature control system in a generator system.
ENSURING TRAIN SAFETY ON HIGH-SPEED RAIL-HIGHWAY
Authors: Bitigova Dayana , Bekzhanov Dinar , Bekzhanova Saule
Published: October 2021

Modern high-speed trains in normal operation develop speeds of up to 350-400 km / h, and in tests they can even accelerate to 560-580 km/h. Due to the speed of service and high speed of movement, they seriously compete with other modes of transport, while maintaining such a property of all trains as low cost of transportation with a large volume of passenger traffic. For the first time the regular movement of high-speed trains began in 1964 in Japan under the Shinkansen project. In 1981, VSNT trains began to run in France, and soon most of Western Europe, including even the island of Great Britain, became connected by a single high-speed rail network. At the beginning of the XXI century, China became the world leader in the development of a network of high-speed lines, as well as the operator of the first regular high-speed maglev.In Russia, the regular operation of high-speed trains "Sapsan", on common tracks with conventional trains, began at the end of 2009. Since 2013, the idea of building the first specialized high-speed railway Moscow-Kazan (cargo-passenger) for the national high-speed traffic system has been discussed.Most of the high-speed trains carry passengers, but there are varieties designed for the transport of goods. For example, the French service La Poste has used special TGV electric trains for 30 years, which served to transport mail and parcels (their operation was completed in June 2015 due to the decrease in the volume of mailings in recent years).
TЕХНOЛOГИЧЕСКИЕ РAДИOCЕTИ OБМEHA ДAHHЫMИ HА ЖEЛEЗНOДOРOЖHOМ ТРAНСПOPTE
Authors: Коянбеков Ердос , Оразымбетова Айгуль , Ақтайлакова Дина
Published: October 2021

В статье затронуты вопросы применения конвенциональных радиомодемов диапазона УКВ для построения подвижных технологических радиосетей обмена данными, обеспечивающих функционирование автоматизированных систем управления различного назначения на железнодорожном транспорте. Эти радиосети рассматриваются как составная и неотъемлемая часть единой технологической системы связи АО «НК«ҚТЖ», уже использующей средства связи стандартов GSM-R и TETRA. Оперативно-технические характеристики рассматриваемых радиосетей позволяют существенно расширить возможности передачи информации о движении поезда, обеспечить надежность функционирования систем интервального регулирования с использованием радиоканала и средств спутниковой навигации, развернуть резервные каналы сбора данных и управления средствами железнодорожной автоматики и электроснабжения
«ҚҰС» ТИПІНДЕГІ ҰШҚЫШСЫЗ ӘУЕ КӨЛІГІН ӘЗІРЛЕУ ЖӘНЕ ЗЕРТТЕУ
Authors: Чигамбаев Темырбай , Жексенбаев Еламан
Published: October 2021

Бұл мақалада «құс» типіндегі ұшқышсыз әуе көлігі әзірленіп зерттелінді. Ұшқышсыз әуе көлігін әзірлеу үшін қажет элементтер таңдалынды. Басқару жүйесіндегі қабылдағыш және таратқыш ретінде ресейлік «Seplus» фирмасы таңдалынды
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EFFECTS OF EXTRACT FROM MEDICINAL PLANT OLEA EUROPEA AND VERAPAMIL ON STIMULATED GASTRIC SECRETION IN FASTING RABBITS
Authors: Muhammad Jan  , Hidayatur-Rahman  , Alamzeb  , Shafiq Tariq  , Masood-ur- Rehman
Published: October 2021

Background: Peptic ulcer is mostly produced due to the over production of gastric acid. This study wasdesigned to find out the effects of extract from the leaves of medicinal plant Olea europea (which containsdocumented natural Calcium channel blocker) and Verapamil on volume and acidity of Carbachol inducedgastric section. Their effects were also compared to find out any difference in their efficacy.Methods: Thirty rabbits of local breed, weighing 1-1.5kg were used. The animals were kept fasting for 48hours, after which the pylorus of each animal was ligated. Verapamil 10 mg/kg, Olea europea 500 mg/kg andCarbachol 600 g/kg body weight were administered intraperitoneally.Results : It was found that Verapamil reduced the volume, free and total acidity of gastric secretion, whichwere statistically highly significant when compared with Carbachol (P<0.001). The extract also had thesame effects, when the difference of mean for Verapamil was compared with that of extract, all thesedifferences were found statistically significant(p<0.05) indicating that the extract has less effect ascompared to Verapamil on all parameters included in the study.Conclusion: The extract from the leavesof Olea europea therefore, may be used effectively in the treatmentof peptic ulcer and all other conditions like angina, myocardial infarction, hypertension, prevention ofpremature labor and bronchial asthma which require calcium channel blockers for the treatment of thesedisorders.
HEPATOTOXICITY OF DOXYCYCLINE: BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN RABBITS
Authors: HajiAkbar  , S. M.Naeem  , S.Mutahir Ali Shah  , Alamzeb  , Ayaz Ali Khan  , Shah Jehan
Published: October 2021

Background: To study the degree of hepatotoxicity of Doxycycline molecule on the basis of biochemicaland histopathological changes in the serum/liver of rabbits at different doses.This descriptive and analytic study was conducted in the Department of Biotechnology, University ofMalakand, Dir and Department of Biochemistry, SMC,Swat.Matterial And Methods:Different oral doses of doxycycline were administered to healthy rabbits, dividedin to six groups A, B, C, D, E & F. The strength of the dose was kept as 10, 20, 40, 80, & 100 mg/kg bodyweight for four consecutive days respectively, while the group F was kept as untreated control. Serum ALTlevels were measured at 1st, 4,h, 8th, & 12th post medicated days to evaluate degree of hepatotoxicity. Postmortem examinations of all groups were performed at the end of experiment.Results: Significant rise in ALT was observed in all treated subjects as compared to un-treated control(group F). The maximum ALT levels were found in group D & E medicated at dose rate of 80 mg/kg of bodyweight & 1OOmg/kg of baody weight, respectively. High mortality rate occurred in treated groups; GroupD and Group E were 25% and 50%, respectively. Histopathological changes occurring in the liver of treatedgroups were observed in thestudy.Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that the degree of hepatotoxicity increases as the doxycyclinedose increases.This issupported both by biochemical derangement as well as histopathological study.Keywords: Doxycycline,AlanineAminotransf-erase (ALT), toxicity, rabbits
EVALUATION OF REFUSAL FACTORS TO POLIO VACCINATION IN VILLAGE SUMBAT,MATTA SWAT.
Authors: Khurshid Ahmed  , Alamzeb  , Iftikhar uddin  , Amir Amanullah  , Nasir Hayat Khan  , Mohammad Adil
Published: October 2021

Objectives: To know the causes, magnitude, associated factors & positivecases of polioin village Sumbat, district Swat, a notorious village for polio vaccination refusal.Study Design: This study was conducted in village Sumbat. It was cross-sectional observational study.A cross-sectional survey was conducted utilizing census technique.Methods: 43 families of the area who were refusing to vaccinate their children were visited &interviewed. The data was collected from concerned BHU & district polio eradication centre. The datawas collected by pre-tested structured questionnaire.Results: 5% children were not vaccinated because of refusal. Out of 5% cases 79% refusals were onreligious grounds, 9% were fed up of repetition & rest of 12% were refusing because no positive casesin the area were reported. Refusal was also associated with socioeconomic & educational status of thefamilies. Along with refusal to polio vaccines, considerable cases of refusal to EPI & other vaccinationprograms were also found.Conclusions: We concluded that the refusal cases are increasing gradually & is the major factor in thefailure of eradication of polio. Focusing merely on vaccination is not the only solution to the problem wehave to consider all the factorscontributing to refusal & proper stepsshould be taken in this regard.
MANAGEMENT OF IATROGENIC BILE DUCT INJURIES: EXPERIENCE AT SAIDU TEACHING HOSPITAL SWAT
Authors: Samieullah  , Tamjeed Gul  , Muhammad Naseem Khan  , Manzoor Ali  , Naikzada Khan
Published: October 2021

Objectives: To study the pattern of late presentation of iatrogenic bile duct injuries and to share ourexperiences in the management of these injuries at Saidu Teaching Hospital Swat.Material and methods: This is a case series of fourteen cases of iatrogenic bile duct injury managed at theDepartment of Surgery; Saidu Teaching Hospital Swat from Jan 2003 till March 2007.We includediatrogenic bile duct injuries with delayed presentation in this study. Patients with hepatobiliary malignancywere excluded.The data was collected on a proforma and was analyzed on SPSS version 10.Results: Total number of patients was fourteen. Ten patients were female and four were male. All thefourteen patients had developed iatrogenic biliary injury after open cholecystectomy. All the fourteenpatients presented with abdominal pain, however twelve patients had jaundice, four had biliary leak and sixhad fever in addition to abdominal pain. Regarding the type of the injury, complete transection of bile ductand ligation of two ends at level of cystic duct was found in six (42%) cases; Tear in the bile duct in two(14%) patient, Bile leakage due to slippage of cystic duct ligature in two (14%) patients and Bile ductstricture in four cases (28%). Primary repair over a T-tube was performed in eight cases,Choledochoduodenostomy in two patients and Choledojujenostomy in four patients. We have recordedmortality in four (28%) of our patients. Our remaining patients are alive, healthy and under regular followup.Conclusion: Iatrogenic Bile duct injuries are rare but preventable entity and bears significant morbidity andmortality. Open surgery is an acceptable option in its management especially in the areas where minimalinvasive therapeutic modalities are not available.Key words: Bile duct injuries, Cholecystectomy, Iatrogenic.