bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Searching clinical trial registries in interventional physical therapy systematic reviews: A Pilot Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Abou Khzam Alaa
Published: June 2018

Background. Studies with positive findings are more likely to be published compared to those with negative findings. Therefore the latter studies are often disregarded in systematic reviews. This causes an overestimation of a treatment effect size which leads to a misinterpretation of the evidence. Searching clinical trial registries in systematic reviews is a useful source to retrieve unpublished clinical trials leading to the reduction of publication bias. Previous studies in the literature reported inconsistent searching of clinical trial registries in systematic reviews published in several medical fields. Searching clinical trial registries in physical therapy is still unknown. The aim of this cross-sectional analysis is to evaluate the extent of clinical trial registry searching in physical therapy interventional systematic reviews.

Methods. Systematic reviews published between January 2017 and January 2018 were retrieved from five reputable physical therapy journals. Interventional systematic reviews that were coherent with the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis.

Results. The search yielded 40 systematic reviews. Among these 19 were interventional systematic reviews as well as being consistent with the inclusion criteria and thus were considered for the analysis. After reviewing their search methodology, only two reviews (10.5%) reported searching at least one clinical trial registry.

Discussion. The results of this study suggest poor searching of clinical trial registries in physical therapy systematic reviews. Due to the limitations of this study, further research analyzing large samples of interventional physical therapy systematic reviews is required.
Histórias das ciências, epistemologia, gênero e arte: ensaios para a formação de professores
Authors: Moura Breno Arsiolu , Forato Thais Cyrino de Mello
Published: June 2018

A melhoria da formação de professores no Brasil tem sido um objetivo constante de boa parcela das propostas que emergem das pesquisas em ensino de ciências. Esses pesquisadores concordam que é preciso romper com a visão tradicional do professor de ciências como mero transmissor do conhecimento, aquele que simplesmente repassa os conteúdos básicos de sua área ao aluno, em um processo puramente mecânico. O professor pode e deve ser muito mais que isso. Nessa direção, educadores têm apontado a relevância de introduzir em contextos de formação de professores de ciências, discussões não apenas ligadas ao arcabouço conceitual da ciência, mas também sobre sua construção, seus aspectos internos e externos, suas influências, sua natureza. Ao inserir esses temas, o professor se mune de maior criticidade e poder de transformação, tornando-se não um transmissor de conhecimento, mas um mediador. É ele que trará ao aluno as ferramentas para compreender a ciência como um empreendimento humano, e por isso, produto de sua cultura. A proposta do livro “História das Ciências, Epistemologia, Gênero e Arte: ensaios para a formação de professores” é oferecer subsídios para fomentar a introdução de perspectivas como essas. Dessa maneira, com esse livro, o professor de ciências terá, em um só material, uma fonte diversificada de informações e discussões, que pode construir novos caminhos para o um ensino de ciências mais dinâmico, atual e transformador.
Kinetics of HIV-1 capsid uncoating revealed by single-molecule analysis
Authors: Márquez Chantal L , Lau Derrick , Walsh James , Shah Vaibhav , McGuinness Conall , Wong Andrew , Aggarwal Anupriya , Parker Michael W , Jacques David A , Turville Stuart , Böcking Till
Published: June 2018

Uncoating of the metastable HIV-1 capsid is a tightly regulated disassembly process required for release of the viral cDNA prior to nuclear import. To understand the intrinsic capsid disassembly pathway and how it can be modulated, we have developed a single-particle fluorescence microscopy method to follow the real-time uncoating kinetics of authentic HIV capsids in vitro immediately after permeabilizing the viral membrane. Opening of the first defect in the lattice is the rate-limiting step of uncoating, which is followed by rapid, catastrophic collapse. The capsid-binding inhibitor PF74 accelerates capsid opening but stabilizes the remaining lattice. In contrast, binding of a polyanion to a conserved arginine cluster in the lattice strongly delays initiation of uncoating but does not prevent subsequent lattice disassembly. Our observations suggest that different stages of uncoating can be controlled independently with the interplay between different capsid-binding regulators likely to determine the overall uncoating kinetics.
Flexible Artificial Synaptic Devices Based on Collagen from Fish Protein with Spike‐Timing‐Dependent Plasticity
Authors: Raeis‐Hosseini Niloufar , Park Youngjun , Lee Jang‐Sik
Published: June 2018

Neuromorphic and cognitive computing with a capability of analyzing complicated information is explored as a new paradigm of intelligent systems. An implementation of a renewable material as an essential building block of an artificial synaptic device is suggested and a flexible and transparent synaptic device based on collagen extracted from fish skin is demonstrated. This device exhibits essential synaptic behaviors including analog memory characteristics, excitatory postsynaptic current, and paired‐pulse facilitation as short‐term plasticity. The brain‐inspired electronic synapse undergoes incremental potentiation and depression when flat or bent. The device emulates spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity when stimulated by engineered pre‐ and post‐neuron spikes with the appropriate time difference between the imposed pulses. The proposed synaptic device has the advantage of being biocompatible owing to use of Mg electrodes and collagen as a naturally abundant protein. This device has a potential to be used in flexible and implantable neuromorphic systems in the future.
Bioinspired Multifunctional Hybrid Hydrogel Promotes Wound Healing
Authors: Chen Guopu , Yu Yunru , Wu Xiuwen , Wang Gefei , Ren Jianan , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: June 2018

Inspired by the coordinated multiple healing mechanism of the organism, a four‐armed benzaldehyde‐terminated polyethylene glycol and dodecyl‐modified chitosan hybrid hydrogel with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) encapsulation are presented for efficient and versatile wound healing. The hybrid hydrogel is formed through the reversible Schiff base and possesses self‐healing capability. As the dodecyl tails can insert themselves into and be anchored onto the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, the hybrid hydrogel has outstanding tissue adhesion, blood cell coagulation and hemostasis, anti‐infection, and cell recruitment functions. Moreover, by loading in and controllably releasing VEGF from the hybrid hydrogel, the processes of cell proliferation and tissue remodeling in the wound bed can be significantly improved. Based on an in vivo study of the multifunctional hybrid hydrogel, it is demonstrated that acute tissue injuries such as vessel bleeding and liver bleeding can be repaired immediately because of the outstanding adhesion and hemostasis features of the hydrogel. Moreover, the chronic wound‐healing process of an infectious full‐thickness skin defect model can also be significantly enhanced by promoting angiogenesis, collagen deposition, macrophage polarization, and granulation tissue formation. Thus, this multifunctional hybrid hydrogel is potentially valuable for clinical applications.
Core–Satellite Mesoporous Silica–Gold Nanotheranostics for Biological Stimuli Triggered Multimodal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Jin Ronghua , Liu Zhongning , Bai Yongkang , Zhou Yongsheng , Gooding J. Justin , Chen Xin
Published: June 2018

A core–satellite nanotheranostic agent with pH‐dependent photothermal properties, pH‐triggered drug release, and H2O2‐induced catalytic generation of radical medicine is fabricated to give a selective and effective tumor medicine with three modes of action. The nanocomplex (core–satellite mesoporous silica–gold nanocomposite) consists of amino‐group‐functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN‐NH2) linked to L‐cysteine‐derivatized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs‐Cys) with bridging ferrous iron (Fe2+) ions. The AuNPs‐Cys serve as both removable caps that control drug release (doxorubicin) and stimuli‐responsive agents for selective photothermal therapy. Drug release and photothermal therapy are initiated by the cleavage of Fe2+ coordination bonds at low pH and the spontaneous aggregation of the dissociated AuNPs‐Cys. In addition, the Fe2+ is able to catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide abundant in cancer cells by a Fenton‐like reaction to generate high‐concentration hydroxyl radicals (·OH), which then causes cell damage. This system requires two tumor microenvironment conditions (low pH and considerable amounts of H2O2) to trigger the three therapeutic actions. In vivo data from mouse models show that a tumor can be completely inhibited after two weeks of treatment with the combined chemo‐photothermal method; the data directly demonstrate the efficiency of the MSN–Fe–AuNPs for tumor therapy.
A Conductive Nanowire‐Mesh Biosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Serum C‐Reactive Protein in Melanoma
Authors: Lin Zuan‐Tao , Li Yaxi , Gu Jianhua , Wang Huie , Zhu Zhuan , Hong Xia , Zhang Zijing , Lu Qinqin , Qiu Jingyi , Wang Xifan , Bao Jiming , Wu Tianfu
Published: June 2018

Detection of extracutaneous melanoma is still challenging and is of importance in improving survival rate. In this report, an ultrasensitive biosensor is constructed where a C‐reactive protein (CRP) aptamers based molecular recognition core and a conductive polypyrrole (PPy) nanowire mesh based signal amplifier are developed. The conductive PPy nanowire (less than 10 nm in diameter) mesh architecture is uniformly dispersed within polymeric matrix via template‐free in situ synthesis. Serum CRP levels are quantitatively analyzed through monitoring the conductance change caused by polymeric network shrinkage upon the aptamer‐CRP binding. The limit of detection (LOD) of the polymeric sensor for human CRP sample can reach 7.85 × 10−19m. This CRP‐specific biosensor and a commercial CRP enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit are used to perform side‐by‐side measurement of serum CRP in melanoma patients. The results indicate that this conductive polymeric senor is highly sensitive and selective in accurately discriminating melanoma patients from healthy controls using serum CRP as a biomarker, which is further validated by a commercial human CRP ELISA kit. Collectively, this novel ultrasensitive nanowire‐based polymeric biosensor may hold promise in biomarker detection and diagnosis of cancer.
Rational Design of Catalytic Centers in Crystalline Frameworks
Authors: Tu Wenguang , Xu You , Yin Shengming , Xu Rong
Published: June 2018

Crystalline frameworks including primarily metal organic frameworks (MOF) and covalent organic frameworks (COF) have received much attention in the field of heterogeneous catalysts recently. Beyond providing large surface area and spatial confinement, these crystalline frameworks can be designed to either directly act as or influence the catalytic sites at molecular level. This approach offers a unique advantage to gain deeper insights of structure–activity correlations in solid materials, leading to new guiding principles for rational design of advanced solid catalysts for potential important applications related to energy and fine chemical synthesis. In this review, recent key progress achieved in designing MOF‐ and COF‐based molecular solid catalysts and the mechanistic understanding of the catalytic centers and associated reaction pathways are summarized. The state‐of‐the‐art rational design of MOF‐ and COF‐based solid catalysts in this review is grouped into seven different areas: (i) metalated linkers, (ii) metalated moieties anchored on linkers, (iii) organic moieties anchored on linkers, (iv) encapsulated single sites in pores, and (v) metal‐mode‐based active sites in MOFs. Along with this, some attention is paid to theoretical studies about the reaction mechanisms. Finally, technical challenges and possible solutions in applying these catalysts for practical applications are also presented.
Natriierung von Aromaten und Heteroaromaten im kontinuierlichen Durchfluss
Authors: Weidmann Niels , Ketels Marthe , Knochel Paul
Published: June 2018

Die erste Natriierung von (Hetero)Aromaten im kontinuierlichen Durchfluss unter Verwendung von NaDA (Natriumdiisopropylamid) in Me2EtN wird beschrieben. Das beschriebene Protokoll ermöglicht die Natriierung von funktionalisierten Arylen und Heteroarylen, die sich bei Reaktionen im Kolben zersetzen. Die resultierenden Natrium‐(Hetero)Aromaten reagieren umgehend mit verschiedenen Elektrophilen, z. B. Ketonen, Aldehyden, Isocyanaten, Alkylbromiden und Disulfiden zu den gewünschten funktionalisierten (Hetero)Aromaten in hohen Ausbeuten. Eine Skalierung ist ohne weitere Optimierung möglich.
Ortsspezifische Funktionalisierung von Affimeren für die DNA‐PAINT‐Mikroskopie
Authors: Schlichthaerle Thomas , Eklund Alexandra S. , Schueder Florian , Strauss Maximilian T. , Tiede Christian , Curd Alistair , Ries Jonas , Peckham Michelle , Tomlinson Darren C. , Jungmann Ralf
Published: June 2018

Superauflösende Mikroskopie ermöglicht Bildgebung weit unterhalb des klassischen Beugungslimits von Licht. Technisch gesehen erreichen aktuelle Methoden sogar eine räumliche Auflösung auf Einzelmolekülebene. Dieser beeindruckende Erfolg kann jedoch nicht einfach auf die Bildgebung von zellulären Komponenten übertragen werden, da Sonden, die zur Markierung von Molekülen verwendet werden, entweder durch deren Größe (Antikörper) oder wegen begrenzter Verfügbarkeit limitiert sind (Nanokörper, Aptamere, genetisch‐kodierende Marker). In dieser Arbeit kombinieren wir kürzlich entwickelte Affimer‐Reagenzien mit einer ortsspezifischen DNA‐Funktionalisierung, um eine Färbung mit anschließender Bildgebung durch DNA‐PAINT zu erreichen. Hierfür benutzen wir ein Aktin‐bindendes Affimer. Diese kleinen, mit DNA konjugierten Affinitätsmarker könnten eine zukünftige Lösung für superauflösende Bildgebung mit hoher Multiplexkapazität darstellen.
Preparation of Ag‐doped g‐C3N4 Nano Sheet Decorated Magnetic γ‐Fe2O3@SiO2 Core–Shell Hollow Spheres through a Novel Hydrothermal Procedure: Investigation of the Catalytic activity for A3, KA2 Coupling Reactions and [3 + 2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Sadjadi Samahe , Malmir Masoumeh , Heravi Majid M.
Published: June 2018

Taking advantageous of both g‐C3N4 and magnetic core‐shell hollow spheres, for the first time a heterogeneous and magnetically separable hybrid system was prepared through a novel and simple hydrothermal procedure and used for immobilization of bio‐synthesized Ag(0) nanoparticles. The hybrid system was fully characterized by using SEM/EDS, FTIR, VSM, TEM, XRD, TGA, DTGA, ICP‐AES, BET and elemental mapping analysis. The catalytic utility of the obtained system, h‐Fe2O3@SiO2/g‐C3N4/Ag, for promoting ultrasonic‐assisted A3, KA2 coupling reactions and [3 + 2] cycloaddition has been confirmed. The results established that the catalyst could efficiently catalyze the reaction to afford the corresponding products in high yields in short reaction times. The reusability study confirmed that the catalyst could be recovered and reused for at least five reaction runs with only slight loss of the catalytic activity. The hot filtration test also proved low silver leaching, indicating the heterogeneous nature of the catalysis.
Live imaging flow bioreactor for the simulation of articular cartilage regeneration after treatment with bioactive hydrogel
Authors: Bar Assaf , Ruvinov Emil , Cohen Smadar
Published: June 2018

Osteochondral defects (OCDs) are conditions affecting both cartilage and the underlying bone. Since cartilage is not spontaneously regenerated, our group has recently developed a strategy of injecting bioactive alginate hydrogel into the defect for promoting endogenous regeneration of cartilage via presentation of affinity‐bound transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1). As in vivo model systems often provide only limited insights as for the mechanism behind regeneration processes, here we describe a novel flow bioreactor for the in vitro modeling of the OCD microenvironment, designed to promote cell recruitment from the simulated bone marrow compartment into the hydrogel, under physiological flow conditions. Computational fluid dynamics modeling confirmed that the bioreactor operates in a relevant slow‐flowing regime. Using a chemotaxis assay, it was shown that TGF‐β1 does not affect human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) chemotaxis in 2D culture. Accessible through live imaging, the bioreactor enabled monitoring and discrimination between erosion rates and profiles of different alginate hydrogel compositions, using green fluorescent protein‐expressing cells. Mathematical modeling of the erosion front progress kinetics predicted the erosion rate in the bioreactor up to 7 days postoperation. Using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction of early chondrogenic markers, the onset of chondrogenic differentiation in hMSCs was detected after 7 days in the bioreactor. In conclusion, the designed bioreactor presents multiple attributes, making it an optimal device for mechanistical studies, serving as an investigational tool for the screening of other biomaterial‐based, tissue engineering strategies.
Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of fatty acid–derived hydrocarbons
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Nielsen Jens , Liu Zihe
Published: June 2018

Fatty acid–derived hydrocarbons attract increasing attention as biofuels due to their immiscibility with water, high‐energy content, low freezing point, and high compatibility with existing refineries and end‐user infrastructures. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has advantages for production of fatty acid–derived hydrocarbons as its native routes toward fatty acid synthesis involve only a few reactions that allow more efficient conversion of carbon substrates. Here we describe major biosynthetic pathways of fatty acid–derived hydrocarbons in yeast, and summarize key metabolic engineering strategies, including enhancing precursor supply, eliminating competing pathways, and expressing heterologous pathways. With recent advances in yeast production of fatty acid–derived hydrocarbons, our review identifies key research challenges and opportunities for future optimization, and concludes with perspectives and outlooks for further research directions.
Radiosensitizing effects of miR‐18a‐5p on lung cancer stem‐like cells via downregulating both ATM and HIF‐1α
Authors: Chen Xu , Wu Lei , Li Dezhi , Xu Yanmei , Zhang Luping , Niu Kai , Kong Rui , Gu Jiaoyang , Xu Zihan , Chen Zhengtang , Sun Jianguo
Published: June 2018

Lung cancer is one of the main causes of cancer mortality globally. Most patients received radiotherapy during the course of disease. However, radioresistance generally occurs in the majority of these patients, leading to poor curative effect, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, miR‐18a‐5p expression was downregulated in irradiated lung cancer cells. Overexpression of miR‐18a‐5p increased the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells and inhibited the growth of A549 xenografts after radiation exposure. Dual luciferase report system and miR‐18a‐5p overexpression identified ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF‐1α) as the targets of miR‐18a‐5p. The mRNA and protein expressions of ATM and HIF‐1α were dramatically downregulated by miR‐18a‐5p in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, plasma miR‐18a‐5p expression was significantly higher in radiosensitive than in radioresistant group (P < .001). The cutoff value of miR‐18a‐5p >2.28 was obtained from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The objective response rate (ORR) was significantly higher in miR‐18a‐5p‐high group than in miR‐18a‐5p‐low group (P < .001). A tendency demonstrated that the median local progression‐free survival (PFS) from radiotherapy was longer in miR‐18a‐5p‐high than in miR‐18a‐5p‐low group (P = .082). The median overall survival (OS) from radiotherapy was numerically longer in miR‐18a‐5p‐high than in miR‐18a‐5p‐low group (P = .281). The sensitivity and specificity of plasma miR‐18a‐5p to predict radiosensitivity was 87% and 95%, respectively. Collectively, these results indicate that miR‐18a‐5p increases the radiosensitivity in lung cancer cells and CD133+ stem‐like cells via downregulating ATM and HIF‐1α expressions. Plasma miR‐18a‐5p would be an available indicator of radiosensitivity in lung cancer patients.
PIK3CA c.3140A>G mutation in a patient with suspected Proteus Syndrome: a case report
Authors: Valentini Virginia , Zelli Veronica , Rizzolo Piera , Silvestri Valentina , Alimandi Maurizio , D'Aloia Maria Michela , Giustini Sandra , Calvieri Stefano , Richetta Antonio Giovanni , Monteleone Giovanni , Ottini Laura
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical Message

We present a patient with suspected Proteus Syndrome, an overgrowth disorder associated with AKT1c.49G>A mutation. NGS analysis detected PIK3CAc.3140A>G mutation in the patient's affected tissue allowing for PROS (PIK3CA‐related overgrowth spectrum) diagnosis. The overlapping clinical features in overgrowth disorders highlight the importance of molecular testing for a correct diagnosis.
Fitz‐Hugh–Curtis syndrome: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Jia Wei , Fadhlillah Fiqry
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical Message

Diagnosis of Fitz‐Hugh–Curtis is challenging due to its rarity and its similar presentation to common intra‐abdominal conditions, such as cholecystitis or appendicitis. In our case, the adherent cecal and omental mass felt on examination were thought to be an appendiceal mass secondary to perforation, hence the patient underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy.
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Foaming in Diethanolamine‐Sour Gas Contactors
Authors: Shahraki Bahram Hashemi , Fatemi Mahmoud
Published: June 2018

Foaming and foam stability of impure aqueous diethanolamine (DEA) solution were evaluated. The impurities used in the experiments were gas oil, normal hexane, iron oxides, and bicine. Bikerman's method was selected to study the foaming phenomenon. A predetermined quantity of impurity was added to aqueous DEA solution and pure CO2 was allowed to flow into the solution with a constant flow rate which resulted in the formation of a height of foam bubbles on the gas‐liquid interface. At the equilibrium height of the foam, the foaming index of the impure solutions was calculated for different impurities and compared. The shrinking speed of the foam and the foam half‐life were recorded as foam stability parameters. The presence of liquid hydrocarbons and iron oxide in DEA solution intensified solution foaming more than other impurities. To predict the parameters influencing foam stability, a mathematical model was developed.
Debris flow protection with flexible ring net barriers – 10 years of experience
Authors: WENDELER Corinna , BUDIMIR Vjekoslav , DENK Mathias
Published: June 2018

Flexible ring net barriers against debris flow have been installed worldwide during the last 10 years mainly for the purpose of debris retention and a few as erosion control. An increasing number of client projects (40 barriers within Switzerland, more than 100 worldwide by 2017) shows the interest in this solution. This article highlights different special applications such as one single barrier providing a very large retention capacity, an example of several barriers in line and filled up barriers for erosion control. Advantages and challenges for the use of flexible ring net barriers are discussed on a technical and economic level and needs for maintenance and replacement works are addressed.
Synthesis of Fluidized CO2 Sorbents Based on Diamine Coordinated to Metal–Organic Frameworks by Direct Conversion of Metal Oxides Supported on Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Luz Ignacio , Soukri Mustapha , Lail Marty
Published: June 2018

A general and efficient method for shaping MOFs into fluidized forms has been developed by direct conversion of metal oxides supported on fluidized mesoporous silica. The resulting fluidized MOF hybrid materials containing diamines coordinated at the open metal sites have been studied as CO2 solid sorbents from post‐combustion flue gas showing similar performance than their bulk counterparts. These new fluidized MOF hybrid materials can be used for other applications involving fluidized bed reactor configurations, in which MOFs have never been considered.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanotubes from Misfit (LnS)1+yTaS2 (Ln=Pr, Sm, Gd, Yb) Compounds
Authors: Serra Marco , Stolovas Dalit , Houben Lothar , Popovitz‐Biro Ronit , Pinkas Iddo , Kampmann Felix , Maultzsch Janina , Joselevich Ernesto , Tenne Reshef
Published: June 2018

The synthesis and characterization of nanotubes from misfit layered compounds (MLCs) of the type (LnS)1+yTaS2 (denoted here as LnS‐TaS2; Ln=Pr, Sm, Gd, and Yb), not reported before, are described (the bulk compound YbS‐LaS2 was not previously documented). Transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction showed that the interlayer spacing along the c axis decreased with an increase in the atomic number of the lanthanide atom, which suggested tighter interaction between the LnS layer and TaS2 for the late lanthanides. The Raman spectra of the tubules were studied and compared to those of the bulk MLC compounds. Similar to the bulk MLCs, the Raman spectra could be divided into the low‐frequency modes (110–150 cm−1) of the LnS lattice and the high‐frequency modes (250–400 cm−1) of the TaS2 lattice. The Raman spectra indicated that the vibrational lattice modes of the strained layers in the tubes were stiffer than those in the bulk compounds. Furthermore, the modes of the late lanthanides were higher in energy than those of the earlier lanthanides, which suggested larger charge transfer between the LnS and TaS2 layers for the late lanthanides. Polarized Raman measurements showed the expected binodal intensity profile (antenna effect). The intensity ratio of the Raman signal showed that the E2g mode of TaS2 was more sensitive to the light‐polarization effect than its A1g mode. These nanotubes are expected to reveal interesting low‐temperature quasi‐1D transport behavior.
Kinetic instability of twisted excitations in permeating plasma environments
Authors: Bukhari S. , Khan S.A. , Ali S.
Published: June 2018

Twisted ion–acoustic excitations and the existence of kinetic instability are investigated in this study, accounting for finite orbital angular momentum states. For this purpose, a quasi‐neutral electron–ion plasma is considered, which permeates through another (target) plasma. The Vlasov‐Poisson model is used to obtain explicit expressions for wave dispersion and kinetic instability, including the contributions from the orbital angular momentum. It is shown that the existence of instability is a result of the exceeding electron speed as compared to the ion–acoustic speed, with a strong contribution of twist in the wave. Furthermore, it is found that a planner ion–acoustic wave propagates as a slow wave in comparison with the non‐planar (twisted) wave. The results are analysed numerically for typical plasmas found in space and astrophysical environments.
Terahertz radiation emission using plasma‐filled dielectric liner with the effects of pre‐modulated relativistic electron beam
Authors: Panwar Jyotsna , Sharma Suresh C.
Published: June 2018

We propose a theoretical model for the efficient emission of high‐power terahertz (THz) radiation. The pre‐modulation of the beam is accounted for by the interaction of the two laser beams with the relativistic electron beam (REB). The pre‐modulated REB travels through a dielectric liner waveguide, which is filled with a plasma. The REB travels near the dielectric lining boundary and therefore transfers maximum energy to the electromagnetic radiation wave via Cerenkov interaction. The growth rate and efficiency of the radiation wave are examined and found to be altered by the parameters of the REB and the dielectric medium. The growth rate varies as one‐third power of the beam density and as two‐thirds power of the amplitude of the pump wave field. The proposed scheme seems to be an effective method for the generation of tunable THz radiation.
Detection of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents in a single dried blood spot
Authors: Reverter‐Branchat Gemma , Ventura Rosa , Ezzel Din Mohammed , Mateus Julián , Pedro Carme , Segura Jordi
Published: June 2018

The use of dried blood spots (DBS) for anti‐doping purposes would facilitate an increase in the number of blood samples because it eliminates the need for specialized personnel and involves minimal invasiveness, reduced costs, stability, and easy transportation and storage. Here, the electrophoretic methodology established by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) to detect erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs) has been adapted to evaluate their applicability to DBS. A qualitative procedure to detect recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO), novel erythropoiesis‐stimulating protein (NESP), and continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) in a single DBS was optimized and validated. For rEPO and NESP, confirmation was performed in finger‐prick DBS from a pilot study and an administration patients study, respectively. For CERA, detection capabilities were evaluated in DBS prepared with modeled‐blood spiked with known concentrations of the protein. Main validation parameters concerning DBS sampling such as stability, hematocrit influence, and blood type (capillary vs. venous) described minor variations. Onsite drying appeared not to be essential before transport. Intra‐ and inter‐day variation range was 2.9%–23.5%. Linearity was maintained (r ≥ 0.9) and ESAs were robustly recovered (CV ≤ 20.2%). The validated method permitted the detection of treated subjects after 48 hours and 17 days of rEPO and NESP administration, respectively. The reproduction of a CERA pharmacokinetics showed good possibilities for the method with a detection window that could reach 16 days after its actual administration. Thus, results provided here reinforce the suitability of DBS blood sampling for the analysis of ESA misuse in sports drug testing.
Error management theory and the adaptive significance of transgenerational maternal‐stress effects on offspring phenotype
Authors: Sheriff Michael J. , Dantzer Ben , Love Oliver P. , Orrock John L.
Published: June 2018

It is well established that circulating maternal stress hormones (glucocorticoids, GCs) can alter offspring phenotype. There is also a growing body of empirical work, within ecology and evolution, indicating that maternal GCs link the environment experienced by the mother during gestation with changes in offspring phenotype. These changes are considered to be adaptive if the maternal environment matches the offspring's environment and maladaptive if it does not. While these ideas are conceptually sound, we lack a testable framework that can be used to investigate the fitness costs and benefits of altered offspring phenotypes across relevant future environments. We present error management theory as the foundation for a framework that can be used to assess the adaptive potential of maternal stress hormones on offspring phenotype across relevant postnatal scenarios. To encourage rigorous testing of our framework, we provide field‐testable hypotheses regarding the potential adaptive role of maternal stress across a diverse array of taxa and life histories, as well as suggestions regarding how our framework might provide insight into past, present, and future research. This perspective provides an informed lens through which to design and interpret experiments on the effects of maternal stress, provides a framework for predicting and testing variation in maternal stress across and within taxa, and also highlights how rapid environmental change that induces maternal stress may lead to evolutionary traps.
Antibiotic‐induced effects on scaling relationships and on plant element contents in herbs and grasses
Authors: Minden Vanessa , Schnetger Bernhard , Pufal Gesine , Leonhardt Sara D.
Published: June 2018

Plant performance is correlated with element concentrations in plant tissue, which may be impacted by adverse chemical soil conditions. Antibiotics of veterinary origin can adversely affect plant performance. They are released to agricultural fields via grazing animals or manure, taken up by plants and may be stored, transformed or sequestered by plant metabolic processes. We studied the potential effects of three antibiotics (penicillin, sulfadiazine, and tetracycline) on plant element contents (macro‐ and microelements). Plant species included two herb species (Brassica napus and Capsella bursa‐pastoris) and two grass species (Triticum aestivum and Apera spica‐venti), representing two crop species and two noncrop species commonly found in field margins, respectively. Antibiotic concentrations were chosen as to reflect in vivo situations, that is, relatively low concentrations similar to those detected in soils. In a greenhouse experiment, plants were raised in soil spiked with antibiotics. After harvest, macro‐ and microelements in plant leaves, stems, and roots were determined (mg/g). Results indicate that antibiotics can affect element contents in plants. Penicillin exerted the greatest effect both on element contents and on scaling relationships of elements between plant organs. Roots responded strongest to antibiotics compared to stems and leaves. We conclude that antibiotics in the soil, even in low concentrations, lead to low‐element homeostasis, altering the scaling relationships between roots and other plant organs, which may affect metabolic processes and ultimately the performance of a plant.
An “Omics” Approach for Lipid Oxidation in Foods: The Case of Free Fatty Acids in Bulk Purified Olive Oil
Authors: Paradiso Vito M. , Pasqualone Antonella , Summo Carmine , Caponio Francesco
Published: June 2018

Monitoring or preventing oxidation processes in foods, particularly heterogeneous systems or highly oxidizable lipids, has become a primary issue. Traditional approaches often fail in pursuing this aim. At the same time, the prediction in laboratory of the efficacy of antioxidant molecules and technologies often fails when challenging reality. A change in the traditional paradigm used to conceive oxidation processes and their monitoring could be a key. In the present work, an “omics” approach is suggested for the evaluation of oxidation in food lipids and of the role played by minor compounds. This holistic and comprehensive, hypothesis‐generating approach is applied to a typical research case: highly‐purified olive oil added with increasing amounts of purified free fatty acids (FFA). A comprehensive profile (“oxidome”) of oxidation products is outlined during the accelerated oxidation. The pathways considered are FFA and triacyglycerol oxidation, triacyglycerol polymerization, volatile compounds formation as well as their further oxidation. FFA affectes the overall balance of the oxidation pathways and consequently causes a drift in the evolution of the pattern of oxidation products. The balance between accelerating activity of FFA toward triacylglycerol oxidation and their high susceptibility to undergo oxidation turnes out to be dose‐dependent and time‐related, and shiftes the resulting oxidation profile of the oil. The omics approach to oxidation products profiling provides new insight into oxidation processes. “Oxidomics” could be helpful to deepen the insight into unresolved issues of oxidation, going beyond the usual single‐ or few‐marker approach.

Practical Applications: This research suggests a new paradigm for approaching food lipid oxidation. Unresolved practical issues regarding food spoilage and shelf‐life, waste reduction, keeping of healthy properties are increasing along the increasing formulation of complex and dispersed systems, use of healthy highly unsaturated fatty acids and bioactive antioxidants, attention paid by consumers and industries to nutritional, sensory, health properties of foods. The new paradigm suggests going beyond the usually adopted single‐ or few‐marker approach and to consider the pattern of oxidation reactions and products as a whole, in order to better describe and predict its changes and the effects of external factors as well as added molecules.

“Oxidomics” is a new paradigm for lipid oxidation, with a holistic approach to the system and evaluating a pattern of oxidation products and its changes.
Steric Course of Deprotonation/Substitution of Chelating/Dipole‐Stabilizing‐Group‐Substituted α‐Amino‐ and α‐Oxynitriles
Authors: Sasaki Michiko , Shimabara Rumiko , Takegawa Tomo , Kotomori Yuri , Otani Yuko , Ohwada Tomohiko , Takeda Kei
Published: June 2018

The stereochemical course of electrophilic substitutions of α‐nitrile metallocarbanions was investigated through the deprotonation of enantioenriched α‐amino‐ and α‐oxynitriles bearing a carbamoyl or methoxycarbonyl group in the presence of an electrophile. The results suggested that the dipole‐stabilizing substituents not only affected the configurational stability and chemical reactivity of the α‐nitrile metallocarbanions but could also change the steric course of the electrophilic substitution (retention vs. inversion). Whereas the reaction of an α‐aminonitrile bearing a dimethylaminocarbonyl group on the nitrogen atom with lithium hexamethyldisilazane in the presence of PhCOCl resulted in the formation of a retention product (93:7), the reaction of an α‐aminonitrile bearing a methoxycarbonyl group was reversed in favor of the inversion product (37:63). Thus, the methoxycarbonylamino group increased the degree of planarization of the anionic center with maintenance of the planar chirality more than the ureido group, which led to preferential attack of the electrophile from the rear face.
Switchable Imidazole Platform – Synthesis and Structural Investigation
Authors: Mehrparvar Saber , Adam Abdulselam , Haberhauer Gebhard
Published: June 2018

Cyclic oligomers of azole peptides can be isolated from marine organisms and are used for a multitude of applications in supramolecular chemistry. They are used in particular as receptors, since the recognition units attached to these azole cyclopeptides show a predefined orientation to each other. Here we present the synthesis of an imidazole cyclopeptide showing a switchable behavior due to the incorporation of two azobenzene moieties into the macrocycle. The synthesis, in particular the cyclization to the macrocycle proved to be difficult. However, by using an optimized route the platform could be isolated in a rather good yield (32 %). Quantum chemical calculations, UV and NMR spectra showed that the platform can be light‐inducedly switched between the elongated trans,trans isomer and the compact cis,cis isomer. This switching process leads to a drastic change in the distance between the methyl groups attached to the imidazole rings.
Synthesis of 7‐Bromo‐1,3‐diazapyrenes
Authors: Aksenov Alexander V. , Shcherbakov Stanisvlav V. , Lobach Irina V. , Voskressensky Leonid G. , Rubin Michael
Published: June 2018

An efficient synthetic route towards previously inaccessible 7‐bromo‐1,3‐diazapyrenes through an in‐melt peri‐cyclization of readily available 7‐(5‐bromo‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐perimidines is described.
How nostalgia infuses life with meaning: From social connectedness to self‐continuity
Authors: van Tilburg Wijnand A. P. , Sedikides Constantine , Wildschut Tim , Vingerhoets Ad J. J. M.
Published: June 2018

Nostalgia increases meaning in life (MIL), but how so? In four experiments—using varied operationalizations of nostalgia, diverse populations, and complementary methodologies—we identified a serial process. We hypothesized and found, in Experiment 1, that self‐continuity boosts MIL. We hypothesized and found, in Experiment 2, that nostalgia increases MIL through self‐continuity. Finally, we hypothesized and found, in Experiments 3–4, that nostalgia fosters social connectedness, which plausibly heightens self‐continuity, which in turn strengthens MIL. The findings clarify an intricate pathway through which nostalgia renders life more meaningful.
Probiotic potentials of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from fermented durian (Tempoyak), a Malaysian traditional condiment
Authors: Ahmad Asmariah , Yap Wei Boon , Kofli Noorhisham Tan , Ghazali Ahmad Rohi
Published: June 2018

Lactic acid bacterium isolated from fermented durian (tempoyak) was investigated for its potentials as a probiotic strain. Bacterial tolerance toward gastrointestinal environment, adhesion, and cytotoxic activity in human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT‐29 was evaluated. 16S rRNA sequencing identified the lactic acid bacterium as Lactobacillus plantarum. The bacterium demonstrated good tolerance toward gastrointestinal pH 2.0 and 0.3% bile salts. It showed strong adhesive capacity in human intestinal cell line, HT‐29, with an adhesion index of 159 ± 10. Cytotoxicity of L. plantarum was investigated using both live bacterial cells (BC) and cell‐free supernatant (CFS). Findings showed that both BC and CFS of L. plantarum reduced proliferation of HT‐29 colon adenocarcinoma cells using MTT assay. The results imply potential probiotic properties of L. plantarum isolated from tempoyak.
Enzymatic inhibition of MICA sheddase ADAM17 by lomofungin in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Arai Jun , Goto Kaku , Tanoue Yasushi , Ito Sayaka , Muroyama Ryosuke , Matsubara Yasuo , Nakagawa Ryo , Kaise Yoshimi , Lim Lay Ahyoung , Yoshida Hitoshi , Kato Naoya
Published: June 2018

In our previous study on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) susceptibility genes in chronic hepatitis patients, we identified the MHC class I polypeptide‐related sequence A (MICA). Natural killer cells eliminate various cancer cells, including HCC, by suppressing MICA shedding. Therefore, we investigated MICA sheddases and inhibitors for HCC immunotherapy. In this study, HepG2, PLC/PRF/5, and Hep3B were treated with the siRNA of a disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs) and matrix metalloproteases to measure the concentration of soluble MICA (sMICA) by ELISA to detect the therapeutic target. Furthermore, an FDA‐approved drug library was tested for the enzymatic inhibition of the targeted enzyme in an in vitro drug screening assay system. ADAM17 knockdown reduced sMICA levels and increased membrane‐bound MICA (mMICA) expression in HCC cells. In an in vitro drug screen using an FDA‐approved drug library, lomofungin, an antifungal drug, was found to strongly decrease ADAM17 activity. In HCC cells, mMICA expression was induced and sMICA production was inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner. These effects were cancelled upon ADAM17 knockdown, suggesting that lomofungin targeted ADAM17. Analysis of lomofungin analogs revealed the responsible functional groups. In summary, we suggest lomofungin to be an attractive agent for the immunological control of HCC, via the suppression of ADAM17.
Population genetics of two allopatric (North Sea and Baltic Sea) populations of Evadne nordmanni (Podonidae): Similarities and differences
Authors: Böckmann Sebastian , Seidler Marleen , Schubert Hendrik , Kube Sandra
Published: June 2018

This study assessed the genetic relationship between Evadne nordmanni of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea from sequence variation of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) of 88 specimens from 13 different sites, and from further published data from the Atlantic and Pacific basins. The COI sequences of E. nordmanni from the North and Baltic Seas were represented by a coherent cluster of 28 haplotypes dominated by a central haplotype that accounted for over half of the individuals from these seas, from all samples except one from the Arkona Basin (Baltic Sea). Overall, the North and Baltic Sea populations appear relatively homogenous and the North Sea plausibly represents the source population for the Baltic one. However, the haplotype network also involved a haplogroup of exclusively Baltic Sea haplotypes, comprising four haplotypes represented by 21 individuals and strongly dominated by specimens from the Arkona basin. This inspires discussion about the post‐glacial evolution of a genetically distinct Baltic Sea group, related to a special local salinity regime. Partly as a reflection of the presence of the unique haplogroup, the mean haplotype diversity in the Baltic was twice as high as the mean diversity in the North Sea, h = 0.64 versus h = 0.30.
A progressive model for teaching children with autism to follow gaze shift
Authors: Gunby Kristin V. , Rapp John T. , Bottoni Melissa M.
Published: June 2018

Gunby, Rapp, Bottoni, Marchese and Wu (2017) taught three children with autism spectrum disorder to follow an instructor's gaze shift to select a specific item; however, Gunby et al. used different types of prompts with each participant. To address this limitation, we used a progressive training model for increasing gaze shift for three children with autism spectrum disorder. Results show that each participant learned to follow an adult's shift in gaze to make a correct selection. In addition, two participants displayed the skill in response to a parent's gaze shift and with only social consequences; however, the third participant required verbal instruction and tangible reinforcement to demonstrate the skill outside of training sessions.
Effect of ABCC2 and ABCG2 Gene Polymorphisms and CSF‐to‐Serum Albumin Ratio on Ceftriaxone Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations
Authors: Allegra Sarah , Cardellino Chiara Simona , Fatiguso Giovanna , Cusato Jessica , De Nicolò Amedeo , Avataneo Valeria , Bonora Stefano , D'Avolio Antonio , Di Perri Giovanni , Calcagno Andrea
Published: June 2018

We measured ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics in patients’ plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and assessed the influence of biometric, demographic, genetic (ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCB11, ABCG2, and SLCO1A2 polymorphisms) and pathological features. Adult patients with signs and symptoms of central nervous system infections, receiving intravenous ceftriaxone, were enrolled. Ceftriaxone plasma and CSF concentrations were measured by high‐precision liquid chromatographic methods; allelic discrimination was performed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Forty‐three patients were included: median ceftriaxone maximal concentration was 15,713 ng/mL in plasma and 3512 ng/mL in CSF with a CSF‐to‐plasma ratio of 0.3. ABCC2 1249 rs2273697 (P = .027) and ABCG2 1194+928 rs13120400 (P = .015) variants were significantly associated with CSF concentrations and CSF‐to‐plasma ratios. At linear regression analysis, CSF‐to‐serum albumin ratio was an independent predictor of ceftriaxone CSF concentrations (P = .001; also in those with intact blood‐brain barrier: P = .031) and CSF‐to‐plasma ratio (P = .001; also in those with blood‐brain barrier impairment: P = .040). We here report the role of transporters’ genetic variants as well as of blood‐brain barrier permeability in predicting ceftriaxone exposure in the central nervous system.