bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KESUKSESAN WAREHOUSE DIGITALIZATION (WADIG) MENGGUNAKAN MODEL DELONE DAN MCLEAN (STUDI KASUS : ASTRA MOTOR)
Authors: Paujiah Syifah , Agushinta R. Dewi , Nursanta Edy
Published: October 2023

Dalam hal perkembangan usaha, kinerja Supply Chain Management dan strategi informasi tidak dapat dihindarkan untuk perusahaan terus maju. Berbagi informasi dalam rantai pasokan berbasis teknologi atau biasa disebut Digitalization Supply Chain (DSC) sangat penting dilakukan. Astra Motor sejak tahun 2016 telah mengembangkan aplikasi DSC yang diberi nama WArehouse DIGitalization (WADIG) dan pada bulan Maret 2018 aplikasi tersebut sudah diimplementasikan ke sebagian besar cabang Honda Sales Operation (HSO). Setelah suatu sistem informasi memasuki fase implementasi dalam siklus hidup pengembangan sistem informasi, perlu dilakukan penelaahan pasca implementasi. Efektivitas WADIG (seberapa jauh sistem tersebut dapat mencapai sasaran-sasarannya) dan faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi dalam kesuksesan implementasi aplikasi tersebut dianalisis dan diteliti. Penelitian ini menggunakan model kesuksesan sistem informasi The Updated DeLone & McLean. Sebelum dilakukan pengolahan data menggunakan SmartPLS, dilakukan uji validitas, reliabilitas dan linearitas dari tiap indikator yang meliputi kualitas layanan, kualitas informasi, kualitas sistem, kepuasan pengguna serta dampak individu. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan aplikasi WADIG ini sukses dan berhasil dalam memberikan manfaat bagi penggunanya, khususnya operator gudang
Perbandingan Berbeda Alat Keamanan Untuk Mendeteksi Risiko Dalam Jaringan
Authors: Iriyanto Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Today, maintaining network security is a significant challenge. Data that has crossed a network is not regarded as secure. There are many risks, including snipping, phishing, spyware, hacking, and spoofing. Various network threats were covered in this article. There are numerous open-source technologies available to defend against these attacks. This study has examined tools like Acunetix and Intrusion Prevention System (IPS).
Penerapan Aplikasi SproutGigs Untuk Menambah Penghasilan Pekerja di Era Digital
Authors: Indra Harahap Ahmad
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini akan menjelaskan dampak aplikasi sproutgigs terhadap perkembangan teknologi data dan komunikasi di dunia bisnis, khususnya kedatangan para freelancer yang semakin mudah ditemui saat ini. Sproutgigs adalah layanan online yang mempertemukan pengguna (freelancer) dengan pemberi kerja atau pemilik usaha (employer). Tugas dari aplikasi sproutgigs berupa pekerjaan sederhana seperti follow akun IG, FB, nonton youtube, daftar aplikasi, mengumpulkan data atau pendataan, dan menjawab survey berbayar. Situs sproutgigs ini memberikan kemudahan bagi para freelancer yang ingin melakukan withdraw. Penarikan minimum dimulai dari $5. batas minimal withdraw disini juga tidak terlalu besar. Jadi kami terlalu fokus pada target minimal WD. . Berbagai keuntungan juga dapat diperoleh industri jika menggunakan tenaga lepas, antara lain efisiensi gaji, masukan berupa ide-ide segar, profesionalisme, fleksibilitas waktu kerja, dan pelayanan yang maksimal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis isi “Model Miles and Huberman”. Menggunakan prosedur penelitian masalah, metode pengumpulan informasi menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan penelitian kepustakaan. Sproutgigs memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan, kelebihannya adalah aplikasi ini dipercaya dan digunakan di beberapa negara, sedangkan kekurangannya adalah aplikasi ini tidak cocok untuk dijadikan sumber penghasilan utama karena penghasilannya relatif kecil setiap bulannya. Penulis ingin memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat umum dan mahasiswa melalui penelitian ini
PERANCANGAN SISTEM RADIUS PADA MIKROTIK ROUTEROS DI PT.PUAN BALEO RAHMADSYAH
Authors: Wadly Fachrid , Muslim  , Fitriani Wirda
Published: October 2023

Penggunan jaringan wireless untuk kebutuhan kerja pada PT.Puan Baleo Rahmadsyah (PBR) telah menjadi salah satu kebutuhan yang sangat penting saat sekarang ini. Gangguan pada sinyal wireless sering terjadi karena banyaknya user yang menggunakan fasilitas Wifi tersebut . Semakin banyak user yang menggunakan jaringan tersebut juga bisa berdampak pada keamanan data di PT.PBR dalam beraktivitas menggunakan internet. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana mengimplementasikan sistem RADIUS (Remote Autentication Dial-In User Service) yang terdapat pada Mikrotik RouterOS dimana berfungsi sebagai sistem autentikasi pengguna untuk jaringan nirkabel. Hasil dari perancangan Ssitem ini dapat diimplementasikan untuk  mengamankan jaringan wireless pada PT.PBR
La regulación de la ética en la función pública en Panamá, entre luces y sombras
Authors: Gasnell Acuña Carlos
Published: October 2023

Se aborda desde la construcción de la función pública en el Reino Unido, las recomendaciones del  Informe Nolan en materia de ética pública, así como el informe de Nadal en Francia, el Código de Valores en Canadá, y el Código Ético y de Buena Gestión del Empleo Público. Los mismos marcan la necesidad de fortalecer la ética en la función pública, brindando así la aprobación de Código de Ética o de Conducta del Servidor Público que incide, de acuerdo al autor, en los nuevos elementos de la modernidad en la gestión pública.
The Role of Quality Assurance Criteria and Accreditation in Knowledge Production
Authors: Rahimi Atiqullah , Ayoubi Mir Osman
Published: October 2023

Quality assurance and accreditation are essential components of higher education in Afghanistan. Through the evaluation of knowledge-producing institutions and the proper alignment of quality enhancement criteria, valuable steps towards scientific innovation in the country have been taken. Specific indicators have been defined for knowledge production and quality enhancement. These indicators are effectively implemented through unity and adherence to scientific methods to produce practical knowledge. Achieving high-quality knowledge production without internal unity in these processes, which include proper alignment of criteria such as evaluations, requirements, missions, and strategies; community engagement; governance; leadership and management; financial and administrative resources; academic programs; research; faculty and staff; student experiences; quality enhancement and improvement; libraries and information resources; teaching; technology; facilities; perspectives; policies; culture; economy; power; thinking; interactions; and creating a space for dialogue, is not possible. There are also obstacles in knowledge production that would be difficult to overcome without adherence to scientific methods.

In this research, we found that the alignment of quality enhancement criteria for higher education in Afghanistan, including a strategic program with foresight regarding the realities and existing situations in knowledge-producing institutions, provides effective strategies and tactics for innovation in knowledge. These institutions, through community engagement by educating specialized and well-equipped professionals with up-to-date knowledge, investing in creating a suitable environment for scientific research by professors, employees, and students, and providing facilities and technological equipment to facilitate learning, have brought about significant scientific transformation in the higher education system.
The approach to understanding security based on the foundations of Islamic jurisprudence and the prominent schools of thought in security studies.
Authors: Fazli Mirza Hussein
Published: October 2023

The central question addressed in this paper revolves around how the process of achieving security aligns with the teachings of Islamic jurisprudence. It also explores the comparative prominence of different approaches to security across various schools of thought. In the process of seeking security, different schools employ their unique approaches, ranging from "force" and "authority" to "persuasion." Within democratic frameworks, the term "persuasion" is often used. However, within liberal schools of thought, a dual policy is observed, where they leverage the element of "persuasion" against liberals and the element of "force" against non-liberal countries. Additionally, in power-centric approaches, the primary objective is the acquisition of power, thus advocating for a "forceful" approach in this discourse. Finally, in the Sharia-based approach, which heavily revolves around the dimension of authority, achieving security in Islam encompasses various aspects, including political, military, cultural, economic, and environmental security.

In political security, ensuring justice and fairness, consultation, and providing necessary freedoms in relevant areas make security possible. In social security, practicing good deeds, forbidding wrongdoing, advising, reminding, and respecting people's privacy facilitate security. Cultural security, in Islamic political jurisprudence, is achieved through migration, invitation, enjoining good, forbidding evil, and adherence to religious teachings. Economic security, through establishing social justice, fair wealth distribution, and combating factors endangering economic security, becomes attainable. Environmental security, by adhering to the jurisprudential rules in this field, is also feasible.
PERADABAN EKONOMI PADA MASA DINASTI ABBASIYAH
Authors: Saefuloh Irfan , Lestari Linda , Solihin Dadin
Published: October 2023

Sejarah Islam memiliki makna yang mendalam bagi suatu kebudayaan, bermula dari kemunculan, perkembangan, hingga kehancuran sebuah kekhalifahan. Pasca keruntuhan dinasti Umayyah dalam kepemimpinan Marwan bin Muhammad (745 M) di Damaskus. Muncul satu dinasti yang sangat berpengaruh dalam peradaban Islam hingga membawa Islam mencapai puncak keemasaannya yakni Dinasti Abbasiyah. Dengan menggunakan metode kajian pustaka yang terdiri dari sejumlah jurnal, buku dan sumber lainnya. Artikel ini mengkaji bagaimana peradaban Islam dalam bidang ekonomi pada masa dinasti Abbasiyah. Bahwa pada masa kekhalifahan Abbasiyah Islam dikenal kaya akan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dengan muncul berbagai tokoh muslim dan perpusatakaan terbesar, karena fokus utama dari kekhalifahan Abbasiyah adalah pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan perekonomian, bukan perluasan wilayah. Kegiatan perekonomian yang digeluti pada masa Abbasiyah adalah industrialisasi, perdagangan, pertanian dan perkebunan yang didukung penuh oleh pemerintah, sehingga kegiatan tersebut menjadi sumber pengasilan utama selain dari pajak yang dikelola oleh pemerintahan. Dinar, dirham dan cek merupakan alat pembayaran dalam kegiatan perekonomian pada masa itu. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa peradaban Islam pada masa dinasti Abbasiyah berupa perkembangan ilmu penegtahuan sangat berdampak pada pembangunan dan perkembangan ekonomi yang sangat pesat, Baghdad menjadi kota peradaban yang terkenal di dunia. Namun dinasti yang kokoh hingga lima abad itu harus mengalami kemunduran dan kehancuran karena berbagai faktor internal dan eksternal.

Kata Kunci: Peradaban, Keemasan, Ekonomi, Dinasti Abbasiyah.
Can Strategically Prioritizing Ransomware Protection and Implementing Specific Recommended Actions Potentially Reduce the Effects of a Ransomware Attack on an Organization?
Authors: Snyder Danielle
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this research study was to explore what can be learned by prioritizing for ransomware and data loss protection during organizational strategic planning to mitigate the negative effects of these events while identifying specific actions and recommendations organizations can take to mitigate the effects of ransomware and associated data loss. The problem addressed was that many organizations have become or will become victims of massive data losses caused by ransomware attacks because ransomware security controls and data loss prevention are not prioritized during strategic planning (Breckenridge, 2020). The methodology used was a qualitative metasynthesis which examined six case studies that were chosen as a representative set of organizations that have experienced common effects that are often felt in the aftermath of either a ransomware attack, poor strategic planning for cybersecurity controls, or data loss. The findings show the emergence of several themes including a common lack of strategic planning, the inability to recognize network anomalies leading to malware installations that resulted in data breaches, the lack of or misuse of security controls, and the heavy consequences suffered as a result of not putting effort into preventing the data breaches. Additional examination focused on the need for a proactive approach to data loss prevention which demands the attention of organizational leadership at the highest levels.
What We Have Learned About Doctoral Student Mentoring At CTU: A Roundtable Discussion (And Hopefully a Provocation)
Authors: O'Donnell Karen , Howell Dawn , Anastasia Christina , Burrington Debra , Schmitt Alexa , Madison Rae Denise
Published: October 2023

Over the last four years, CTU Doctoral Studies leadership and faculty have crafted and launched a new framework to mentor doctoral students to complete a high-quality practitioner dissertation. A 2020 poster session introduced a framework for doctoral research supervision that departed from the overall instructional framework employed in all CTU programs and embraced development of an innovative instructional framework for doctoral research supervision based on a mentoring-centric ethos and reflexive management strategies. This was followed by additional research and publications in 2020-2023. But has all this work made a difference? As the title of this provocation asks, “What have we learned about doctoral student mentoring as they proceed through the dissertation journey?” What do we need to change and what do we need to keep? What are the biggest bumps in the road our students face and how do we help them? These questions and others were explored in a roundtable discussion/provocation opportunity produced by a group of five CTU doctoral research faculty members.
A Comparative Study: Deep Learning Approach to Predict Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Q-Chat-10 Responses
Authors: lawrence Leonardo , Mummar Al , Butler Jeffrey , Ratliff-Villarreal Lisa , Saunders Sean
Published: October 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that has been observed to have an increasing incidence and significant health-related expenses. The timely identification of these burdens can mitigate their impact; however, current diagnostic protocols are protracted and entail significant expenses. The implementation of machine learning and, more recently, deep learning techniques presents promising remedies to improve ASD screening procedures. The present research introduces a deep learning framework for the purpose of forecasting autism spectrum disorder (ASD) utilizing responses obtained from the Q-Chat-10 questionnaire. The dataset employed in this study comprises 1054 records, encompassing ten behavioral traits and additional individual characteristics. The objective of this study is to improve the precision, efficacy, sensitivity, and specificity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) predictions by contrasting the performance of a deep learning model with that of conventional machine learning models. The implementation of this technology has the potential to significantly optimize the ASD screening procedure, rendering it more affordable and convenient and ultimately assisting healthcare practitioners in their clinical judgment for prompt ASD identification.
Conference Session Review: ITEXPO/ IoT Evolution: Medical Internet of Things (MIoT) – Opportunities for Managed Solutions Providers (MSPs)
Authors: Maloff Joel
Published: October 2023

The ITExpo conference was held in Fort Lauderdale, Florida in February 2023. The IoT Evolution program is part of the overall ITExpo conference and focuses on emerging trends and opportunities within the Internet of Things (IoT) environment. IoT Evolution offers expert sessions on practical applications and use cases of IoT. These include automation, security, and healthcare (https://www.iotevolutionexpo.com/east/). One of the 2023 conference sessions was entitled “Medical Internet of Things (MIoT) – Opportunities for Managed Solutions Providers (MSPs). This article is from the presenter’s perspective and addresses the topics covered in the doctoral dissertation research completed in 2022. The focus of the session was to provide information to organizations that offer managed solutions services to clients or customers, including healthcare. One of the observations derived from the doctoral research was a lack of awareness within the healthcare community regarding the security and privacy issues associated with remote implantable or wearable medical devices. Doctors presumed that these issues were addressed by the device manufacturers, HIPAA, the FDA, or others. Research indicated that this was not correct and that there was a gap in this area. This gap represented an opportunity for organizations like MSPs that provide consulting and advisory services to healthcare organizations regarding overall security and privacy. The article elaborates on the composition of the attendees, questions that arose during the session, and summarizes the information that was provided. The linkage between academic research and practical field application were key elements of this session.
University as a game without rules (new views on the process of building higher education)
Authors: Bubnovskiy Anton
Published: October 2023

Modern higher education is in dire need of new working tools and processes for its implementation. The structure of student involvement in educational activities also needs to be built in a fundamentally new way. This determines the relevance of this study. During the analysis carried out in the study, it was found that the university contains all the basic elements of a multiplayer game. Instructional designers can better engage students in learning by thinking of it as a game. However, the game has a flaw due to the fact that the game simulator cannot predict the future. In this regard, the purpose of our study is to try to eliminate the identified shortcomings. The article examines the structure of the game, as well as the process of building a new university model based on this concept, capable of responding to the challenges of the time. The ideal modern university as a personalized multiplayer game is the most effective model in this study. It builds communications between the player (learner) and the game, and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) helps in this. This interaction between them can lead to a constant change in the situation, and the unpredictability of artificial intelligence reactions will likely help solve the problem of the absence of situations that were previously thought out by developers and their resolution.
Changes in brain activation measured by functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy associated with continuing to play following sport-related concussion among adolescent athletes
Authors: Trbovich Alicia M. , Sparto Patrick J. , Huppert Theodore J. , Elbin R.J. , Kissinger-Knox Alicia M. , Charek Daniel , Collins Michael W. , Kontos Anthony P.
Published: October 2023

Athletes who continue to play following sport-related concussion (SRC) have worse clinical outcomes compared to those removed from play immediately. This prospective study examined brain activation (i.e., oxygenated hemoglobin concentration [HbO2]), using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), in 20 adolescent athletes who either continued to play (PLAYED) or were immediately removed (REMOVED) following SRC. A linear mixed effects model found the PLAYED group demonstrated an increase of [HbO2] in the left hemisphere at the initial visit (pFDR<.001) and the REMOVED group had a reduction in [HbO2] in the right hemisphere at clinical recovery (pFDR=0.024). There was a significant group*timepoint interaction (pFDR<0.011), in which the PLAYED group had greater increase in [HbO2] in the left hemisphere at the initial visit compared with the REMOVED group, but no differences at clinical recovery. Athletes who remain in play following SRC exhibited more pronounced brain hyperactivation, which may be associated with worse clinical recovery outcomes.
“A missão sou eu!”: uma história sobre o Código Penal de José Gonçalves Cotta na colônia de Moçambique
Authors: Santana Cristiane Soares de
Published: October 2023

Esse livro resulta de uma pesquisa de doutorado que teve como objetivo compreender os passos da Missão Etognósica de Moçambique e analisar uma das suas produções, o “Projecto” definitivo do Código Penal dos indígenas da colônia de Moçambique. A obra analisada neste livro insere-se na perspectiva da produção dos saberes coloniais, que podem ser caracterizados, segundo Loomba (2005), como uma variedade de escritos publicados compreendidos como importantes estudos contemporâneos do colonialismo e do pós-colonialismo, podendo deles serem exemplo: cartas, escritos governamentais, documentos escritos etc.
Disease modeling and pharmacological rescue of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa associated with RHO copy number variation
Authors: Kandoi Sangeetha , Martinez Cassandra , Chen Kevin Xu , Mehine Miika , Reddy L Vinod K , Mansfield Brian C , Duncan Jacque L , Lamba Deepak A
Published: October 2023

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a heterogenous group of inherited retinal disorder, causes slow progressive vision loss with no effective treatments available. Mutations in the rhodopsin gene (RHO) account for ~25% cases of autosomal dominant RP (adRP). In this study, we describe the disease characteristics of the first-ever reported mono-allelic copy number variation (CNV) in RHO as a novel cause of adRP. We (a) show advanced retinal degeneration in a male patient (68 years of age) harboring four transcriptionally active intact copies of rhodopsin, (b) recapitulated the clinical phenotypes using retinal organoids, and (c) assessed the utilization of a small molecule, Photoregulin3 (PR3), as a clinically viable strategy to target and modify disease progression in RP patients associated with RHO-CNV. Patient retinal organoids showed photoreceptors dysgenesis, with rod photoreceptors displaying stunted outer segments with occasional elongated cilia-like projections (microscopy); increased RHO mRNA expression (quantitative real-time PCR [qRT-PCR] and bulk RNA sequencing); and elevated levels and mislocalization of rhodopsin protein (RHO) within the cell body of rod photoreceptors (western blotting and immunohistochemistry) over the extended (300 days) culture time period when compared against control organoids. Lastly, we utilized PR3 to target NR2E3, an upstream regulator of RHO, to alter RHO expression and observed a partial rescue of RHO protein localization from the cell body to the inner/outer segments of rod photoreceptors in patient organoids. These results provide a proof-of-principle for personalized medicine and suggest that RHO expression requires precise control. Taken together, this study supports the clinical data indicating that RHO-CNV associated adRPdevelops as a result of protein overexpression, thereby overloading the photoreceptor post-translational modification machinery.
Phasic locus coeruleus activity enhances trace fear conditioning by increasing dopamine release in the hippocampus
Authors: Wilmot Jacob H , Diniz Cassiano RAF , Crestani Ana P , Puhger Kyle R , Roshgadol Jacob , Tian Lin , Wiltgen Brian Joseph
Published: October 2023

Locus coeruleus (LC) projections to the hippocampus play a critical role in learning and memory. However, the precise timing of LC-hippocampus communication during learning and which LC-derived neurotransmitters are important for memory formation in the hippocampus are currently unknown. Although the LC is typically thought to modulate neural activity via the release of norepinephrine, several recent studies have suggested that it may also release dopamine into the hippocampus and other cortical regions. In some cases, it appears that dopamine release from LC into the hippocampus may be more important for memory than norepinephrine. Here, we extend these data by characterizing the phasic responses of the LC and its projections to the dorsal hippocampus during trace fear conditioning in mice. We find that the LC and its projections to the hippocampus respond to task-relevant stimuli and that amplifying these responses with optogenetic stimulation can enhance long-term memory formation. We also demonstrate that LC activity increases both norepinephrine and dopamine content in the dorsal hippocampus and that the timing of hippocampal dopamine release during trace fear conditioning is similar to the timing of LC activity. Finally, we show that hippocampal dopamine is important for trace fear memory formation, while norepinephrine is not.
No effects of the antiandrogens cyproterone acetate (CPA), flutamide and p,p’-DDE on early sexual differentiation but CPA-induced retardation of embryonic development in the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Authors: Jessl Luzie , Oehlmann Jörg
Published: October 2023

Because a wide range of environmental contaminants are known to cause endocrine disorders in humans and animals, in vivo tests are needed to identify such endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and to assess their biological effects. Despite the lack of a standardized guideline, the avian embryo has been shown to be a promising model system which responds sensitively to EDCs. After previous studies on the effects of estrogenic, antiestrogenic and androgenic substances, the present work focuses on the effects of in ovo exposure to p,p’-DDE, flutamide and cyproterone acetate (CPA) as antiandrogenic model compounds regarding gonadal sex differentiation and embryonic development of the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus). The substances were injected into the yolk of fertilized eggs on embryonic day one. On embryonic day 19 sex genotype and phenotype were determined, followed by gross morphological and histological examination of the gonads. Treatment with flutamide (0.5, 5, 50 µg/g egg), p,p’-DDE (0.5, 5, 50 µg/g egg) or CPA (0.2, 2, 20 µg/g egg) did not affect male or female gonad development, assessed by gonad surface area and cortex thickness in both sexes and by the percentage of seminiferous tubules in males as endpoints. This leads to the conclusion that antiandrogens do not affect sexual differentiation during embryonic development of G. gallus domesticus, reflecting that gonads are not target organs for androgens in birds. In ovo exposure to 2 and 20 µg CPA/g egg, however, resulted in significantly smaller embryos as displayed by shortened lengths of skull, ulna and tarsometatarsus. Although gonadal endpoints were not affected by antiandrogens, the embryo of G. gallus domesticus is shown to be a suitable test system for the identification of substance-related mortality and developmental delays.
Parental emotional neglect and academic procrastination: the mediating role of future self-continuity and ego depletion
Authors: Ma Chensen , Song Jingjing
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of parental emotional neglect on the academic procrastination of late adolescents and further analyze the mediating role of future self-continuity and ego depletion. This study included 609 college students, 344 males and 265 females, ranging in age from 17 to 21 years (M = 18.39,SD = 0.82), who responded to four questionnaires measuring parental emotional neglect, academic procrastination, future self-continuity, and ego depletion, respectively. The results showed that future self-continuity and ego depletion mediated the association between parental emotional neglect and late adolescents’ academic procrastination in a serial pattern. Perceived higher levels of parental emotional neglect correlated with lower future self-continuity and higher ego depletion in these late adolescents, leading to higher levels of academic procrastination.
Harnessing the power of comparative genomics to support the distinction of sister species within Phyllosticta and development of highly specific detection of Phyllosticta citricarpa causing citrus black spot by real-time PCR
Authors: Ioos Renaud , Puertolas Alexandra , Renault Camille , Ndiaye Aida , Cerf-Wendling Isabelle , Hubert Jacqueline , Wang Wen , Jiao Chen , Li Hongye , Armengol Josep , Aguayo Jaime
Published: October 2023

Citrus crops are affected by many fungal diseases. Among them, Citrus Black Spot caused by the ascomycete Phyllosticta citricarpa is particularly economically damaging wherever it occurs. Many other species of Phyllosticta are described on Citrus, but only P. citricarpa is considered a quarantine pest on the European continent. In order to prevent the introduction of this species into Europe, it is essential to have a detection test which can reliably identify it, and not confuse it with other species present on citrus, notably P. paracitricarpa. The latter taxon has recently been described as very close to P. citricarpa, and most detection tests do not allow to distinguish the two species. In this work, we exploited the genomic data of 37 isolates of Phyllosticta spp. from citrus, firstly to assess their phylogenetic relationships, and secondly to search for genomic regions that allowed the definition of species-specific markers of P. citricarpa. Analysis of 51 concatenated genes separated P. citricarpa and P. paracitricarpa in two phylogenetic clades. A locus was selected to define a hydrolysis probe and primers combination that could be used in real-time PCR for the specific detection of the quarantine species, to the exclusion of all others present on Citrus. This test was then thoroughly validated on a set of strains covering a wide geographical diversity, and on numerous biological samples to demonstrate its reliability for regulatory control. The validation data highlighted the need to check the reliability of the test in advance, when a change of reagents was being considered.
Multitarget Stool RNA Test for Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Barnell Erica K. , Wurtzler Elizabeth M. , La Rocca Julie , Fitzgerald Thomas , Petrone Jessica , Hao Yansheng , Kang Yiming , Holmes Faith L. , Lieberman David A.
Published: October 2023

Importance

Noninvasive tests for colorectal cancer screening must include sensitive detection of colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions. These tests must be validated for the intended-use population, which includes average-risk individuals 45 years or older.

Objective

To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a noninvasive, multitarget stool RNA (mt-sRNA) test (ColoSense) test compared with results from a colonoscopy.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This phase 3 clinical trial (CRC-PREVENT) was a blinded, prospective, cross-sectional study to support a premarket approval application for a class III medical device. A total of 8920 participants were identified online using social media platforms and enrolled from June 2021 to June 2022 using a decentralized nurse call center. All participants completed the mt-sRNA test, which incorporated a commercially available fecal immunochemical test (FIT), concentration of 8 RNA transcripts, and participant-reported smoking status. Stool samples were collected prior to participants completing a colonoscopy at their local endoscopy center. The mt-sRNA test results (positive or negative) were compared with index lesions observed on colonoscopy. Over the course of 12 months, individuals 45 years and older were enrolled in the clinical trial using the decentralized recruitment strategy. Participants were enrolled from 49 US states and obtained colonoscopies at more than 3800 different endoscopy centers.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes included the sensitivity of the mt-sRNA test for detecting colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas and the specificity for no lesions on colonoscopy.

Results

The mean (range) age of participants was 55 (45-90) years, with 4% self-identified as Asian, 11% as Black, and 7% as Hispanic. Of the 8920 eligible participants, 36 (0.40%) had colorectal cancer and 606 (6.8%) had advanced adenomas. The mt-sRNA test sensitivity for detecting colorectal cancer was 94%, sensitivity for detecting advanced adenomas was 46%, and specificity for no lesions on colonoscopy was 88%. The mt-sRNA test showed significant improvement in sensitivity for colorectal cancer (94% vs 78%; McNemar P = .01) and advanced adenomas (46% vs 29%; McNemar P < .001) compared with results of the FIT.

Conclusions and Relevance

In individuals 45 years and older, the mt-sRNA test showed high sensitivity for colorectal neoplasia (colorectal cancer and advanced adenoma) with significant improvement in sensitivity relative to the FIT. Specificity for no lesions on colonoscopy was comparable to existing molecular diagnostic tests.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04739722
Endogenous and Exogenous Thyrotoxicosis and Risk of Incident Cognitive Disorders in Older Adults
Authors: Adams Roy , Oh Esther S. , Yasar Sevil , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Mammen Jennifer S.
Published: October 2023

Importance

Thyroid hormone is among the most common prescriptions in the US and up to 20% may be overtreated. Endogenous hyperthyroidism may be a risk factor for dementia, but data are limited for iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis.

Objective

To determine whether thyrotoxicosis, both endogenous and exogenous, is associated with increased risk of cognitive disorders.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study performed a longitudinal time-varying analysis of electronic health records for patients receiving primary care in the Johns Hopkins Community Physicians Network between January 1, 2014, and May 6, 2023. Patients 65 years and older with at least 2 visits 30 days apart to their primary care physicians were eligible. None of the 65 931 included patients had a history of low thyrotropin (TSH) level or cognitive disorder diagnoses within 6 months of their first visit. Data analysis was performed from January 1 through August 5, 2023.

Exposure

The exposure variable was a low TSH level, characterized based on the clinical context as due to endogenous thyrotoxicosis, exogenous thyrotoxicosis, or unknown cause, excluding those attributable to acute illness or other medical factors such as medications.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The outcome measure was cognitive disorders, including mild cognitive impairment and all-cause dementia, to improve sensitivity and account for the underdiagnosis of dementia in primary care.

Results

A total of 65 931 patients were included in the analysis (median [IQR] age at first visit, 68.0 [65.0-74.0] years; 37 208 [56%] were female; 46 106 [69.9%] were White). Patients exposed to thyrotoxicosis had cognitive disorder incidence of 11.0% (95% CI, 8.4%-14.2%) by age 75 years vs 6.4% (95% CI, 6.0%-6.8%) for those not exposed. After adjustment, all-cause thyrotoxicosis was significantly associated with risk of cognitive disorder diagnosis (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.18-1.64; P < .001) across age groups. When stratified by cause and severity, exogenous thyrotoxicosis remained a significant risk factor (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.10-1.63; P = .003) with point estimates suggestive of a dose response.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study among patients 65 years and older, a low TSH level from either endogenous or exogenous thyrotoxicosis was associated with higher risk of incident cognitive disorder. Iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis is a common result of thyroid hormone therapy. With thyroid hormone among the most common prescriptions in the US, understanding the negative effects of overtreatment is critical to help guide prescribing practice.
Prenatal Lead Exposure, Genetic Factors, and Cognitive Developmental Delay
Authors: Jia Zhenxian , Zhang Hongling , Yu Ling , Qiu Feng , Lv Yiqing , Guan Jing , Gang Huiqing , Zuo Jingwen , Zheng Tongzhang , Liu Hongxiu , Xia Wei , Xu Shunqing , Li Yuanyuan
Published: October 2023

Importance

Although the effects of lead (Pb) exposure on neurocognition in children have been confirmed, the individual associations of prenatal Pb exposure and its interaction with genetic factors on cognitive developmental delay (CDD) in children remain unclear.

Objective

To investigate the association of prenatal Pb exposure and its interaction with genetic factors with CDD risk.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Women in Wuhan, China, who had an expected delivery date between March 2014 and December 2017, were recruited for this prospective cohort study. Children were assessed for cognitive development at approximately 2 years of age (March 2016 to December 2019). Maternal venous blood, cord blood, and venous blood from children were collected in a longitudinal follow-up. Data analysis was performed from March 2022 to February 2023.

Exposure

Prenatal Pb exposure, and genetic risk for cognitive ability evaluated by polygenic risk score constructed with 58 genetic variations.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Cognitive developmental delay of children aged approximately 2 years was assessed using the Chinese revision of the Bayley Scale of Infant Development. A series of multivariable logistic regressions was estimated to determine associations between prenatal Pb exposure and CDD among children with various genetic backgrounds, adjusting for confounding variables.

Results

This analysis included 2361 eligible mother-child pairs (1240 boys [52.5%] and 1121 girls [47.5%]; mean [SD] ages of mothers and children, 28.9 [3.6] years and 24.8 [1.0] months, respectively), with 292 children (12.4%) having CDD. Higher maternal Pb levels were significantly associated with increased risk of CDD (highest vs lowest tertile: odds ratio, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.13-2.13), adjusting for demographic confounders. The association of CDD with maternal Pb levels was more evident among children with higher genetic risk (highest vs lowest tertile: odds ratio, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.48-4.55), adjusting for demographic confounders.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, prenatal Pb exposure was associated with an increased risk of CDD in children, especially in those with a high genetic risk. These findings suggest that prenatal Pb exposure and genetic background may jointly contribute to an increased risk of CDD for children and indicate the possibility for an integrated strategy to assess CDD risk and improve children’s cognitive ability.
Newborn and Early Infant Outcomes Following Maternal COVID-19 Vaccination During Pregnancy
Authors: Jorgensen Sarah C. J. , Drover Samantha S. M. , Fell Deshayne B. , Austin Peter C. , D’Souza Rohan , Guttmann Astrid , Buchan Sarah A. , Wilson Sarah E. , Nasreen Sharifa , Schwartz Kevin L. , Tadrous Mina , Wilson Kumanan , Kwong Jeffrey C.
Published: October 2023

Importance

The study team previously showed that maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19–related hospital admission in newborns and young infants. In this study, the study team evaluated newborn and early infant safety outcomes following maternal messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy, for which there is limited comparative epidemiological evidence.

Objective

To determine if maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is associated with adverse newborn and early infant outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based retrospective cohort study took place in Ontario, Canada, using multiple linked health administrative databases. Singleton live births with an expected delivery date between May 1, 2021, and September 2, 2022, were included. Data were analyzed from January 2023 through March 2023.

Exposure

Maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (1 or more doses) during pregnancy

Main Outcomes and Measures

Severe neonatal morbidity (SNM), neonatal death, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, neonatal readmission, and hospital admission up to 6 months of age. The study team calculated inverse probability of treatment weighted risk ratios (RRs) and fit weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models comparing outcomes in infants of mothers who received COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy with those who received no COVID-19 vaccine doses before delivery.

Results

In total, 142 006 infants (72 595 male [51%]; mean [SD] gestational age at birth, 38.7 [1.7] weeks) were included; 85 670 were exposed to 1 or more COVID-19 vaccine doses in utero (60%). Infants of vaccinated mothers had lower risks of SNM (vaccine exposed 7.3% vs vaccine unexposed 8.3%; adjusted RR [aRR], 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83-0.90), neonatal death (0.09% vs 0.16%; aRR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.33-0.65), and NICU admission (11.4% vs 13.1%; aRR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.83-0.89). There was no association between maternal vaccination during pregnancy and neonatal readmission (5.5% vs 5.1%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.98-1.09) or 6-month hospital admission (8.4% vs 8.1%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.96-1.05).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada, maternal mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was associated with lower risks of SNM, neonatal death, and NICU admission. In addition, neonatal and 6-month readmissions were not increased in infants of mothers vaccinated during pregnancy.
Vector Substrates: Idea, Design, and Realization
Authors: Harbola Varun , Wu Yu‐Jung , Hensling Felix V. E. , Wang Hongguang , van Aken Peter A. , Mannhart Jochen
Published: October 2023

Substrates are essential in thin‐film deposition, yet they do not always meet the requirements of a given application. For example, they might be prohibitively expensive or not even available with the necessary crystal lattice structures. This paper introduces the innovative concept of “vector substrates,” where the template layer for thin‐film growth, referred to as vector, is chemically and crystallographically independent of the bulk of the substrate. This approach reduces material costs and offers unparalleled flexibility. The fabrication of vector substrates leverages thin‐film membrane technology. The process begins by growing a template layer on a parent substrate. The template layer is then transferred onto a carrier substrate, thereby generating the vector substrate. Vector substrate technology enables researchers and manufacturers with thin‐film deposition facilities to fabricate optimized substrates that would otherwise be difficult to obtain using bulk single‐crystal growth technology. An in‐depth discussion of the benefits and limitations of vector substrates compared with traditional substrates is provided. Furthermore, the practical viability of the concept is demonstrated by fabricating sets of vector substrates. Although this concept is still in its infancy, it has a significant potential to complement conventional substrates for future advancements in substrate technology and thin‐film deposition.
Spinel‐Structured High‐Entropy Oxide Nanofibers as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution: Effect of Metal Combination and Calcination Temperature
Authors: Triolo Claudia , Moulaee Kaveh , Ponti Alessandro , Pagot Gioele , Di Noto Vito , Pinna Nicola , Neri Giovanni , Santangelo Saveria
Published: October 2023

Defect‐engineering is a viable strategy to improve the activity of nanocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), whose slow kinetics still strongly limits the broad market penetration of electrochemical water splitting as a sustainable technology for large‐scale hydrogen production. High‐entropy spinel oxides (HESOs) are in focus due to their great potential as low‐cost OER electrocatalysts. In this work, electrospun HESO nanofibers (NFs), based on (Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni), (Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Zn) and (Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Zn) combinations, with granular architecture and oxygen‐deficient surface are produced by calcination at low temperature (600 or 500 °C), characterized by a combination of benchtop analytical techniques and evaluated as electrocatalysts for OER in alkaline medium. The variation of HESO composition and calcination temperature produces complex and interdependent changes in the morphology of the fibers, crystallinity and inversion degree of the spinel oxide, concentration of the oxygen‐vacancies, cation distribution in the lattice, which mirror on different electrochemical properties of the fibers. The best electrocatalytic performance (overpotential and Tafel slope at 10 mA cm−2: 360 mV and 41 mV dec−1, respectively) pertains to (Cr1/5Mn1/5Fe1/5Co1/5Ni1/5)3O4 NFs calcined at 500 °C and results from the lower outer 3d‐electron number, eg filling closer to its optimal value and higher occupation of 16d sites by the most redox‐active species.
Stiffness‐Switchable, Biocatalytic pH‐Responsive DNA‐Functionalized Polyacrylamide Cryogels and their Mechanical Applications
Authors: Davidson‐Rozenfeld Gilad , Chen Xinghua , Qin Yunlong , Ouyang Yu , Sohn Yang Sung , Li Zhenzhen , Nechushtai Rachel , Willner Itamar
Published: October 2023

The large‐pore interconnected channels in cryogels, allow convectional flow and rapid mass‐transport of solute constituents between the solution and cryogel polymer framework, as compared to slower, diffusionally‐controlled mass‐transport in small‐pore hydrogels. These features are applied to develop enzyme‐loaded polyacrylamide (pAAm) cryogels, and glucose oxidase (GOx)‐loaded pH‐responsive DNA‐based pAAm cryogels, revealing enhanced biocatalytic transformations, enhanced temporal stiffness changes, and mechanical bending functions, as compared to analog hydrogels. DNA‐based pAAm cryogel/hydrogel matrices, revealing pH‐switchable stiffness properties through reversible reconfiguration of DNA‐bridging units into i‐motif structures, are introduced. Enhanced switchable stiffness changes of DNA‐based pAAm cryogels, as compared to analog hydrogels, are demonstrated upon subjecting the cryogel/hydrogel matrices to auxiliary pH‐changes, or by integration of GOx into the frameworks, and driving pH‐changes through GOx‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid. Enhanced stiffness changes of pAAm cryogels represent a major advance to control the mechanical properties of cryogels and are attributed to the convectionally‐controlled mass‐transport in the cryogel matrices. Moreover, bilayer constructs consisting of poly‐N‐isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM) cryogels and pH‐responsive DNA‐based pAAm cryogel or hydrogel structures are constructed. Enhanced pH/glucose triggered mechanical bending rates of the pNIPAM cryogel/pAAm cryogel or pNIPAM cryogel/GOx‐loaded pAAm cryogel, as compared to analog pNIPAM cryogel/pAAm hydrogel frameworks are demonstrated.
Novel Color Converters for High Brightness Laser‐Driven Projection Display: Transparent Ceramics–Glass Ceramics Film Composite
Authors: Liao Shengxiang , Jin Shilin , Pang Tao , Lin Shisheng , Zheng Yuanhui , Chen Ronghua , Xi Guoyu , Li Xiaoyan , Zhuang Bin , Huang Feng , Chen Daqin
Published: October 2023

Laser‐driven projection display puts forward urgent demand for color converter materials to simultaneously achieve balanced‐spectrum properties and strong heat dissipation. Herein, this work develops a novel optofunctional composite by coupling Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ transparent ceramics (TC) with CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ phosphor‐in‐glass film (PiGF) for the first time. Remarkably, this new material architecture design enables a balance between the spectrum properties and heat dissipation ability, and can yield high‐quality white light with brightness of over 2500 lm, luminous efficacy (LE) of over 200 lm W−1, correlated color temperature (CCT) of 3700–4100 K, and improved color rendering index (CRI) of 60–70. Furthermore, the PiGF@TC‐converted laser projection system is also successfully designed, showing natural and real color restoration. Additionally, the combined action of thermal quenching and optical excitation intensity quenching is confirmed for the luminescence saturation upon high‐power blue laser driven. The main mechanism of optical quenching is identified to be energy upconversion dominated by second‐order nonlinear processes. The findings described here suggest a step toward developing the admirable laser‐driven color converters for next‐generation lighting sources.