bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Control during COVID 19 Pandemic in Qatar 2020: A Retrospective Data Analysis
Authors: Khmour Hamzeh Yousef , Al-Rabeei Yosaf , Deen Nashwan Zainal , Elnour Salma , Al-Karbi Khalid , Rashed Mostafa Hamdy , Al-Muhannadi Muneera , El-Mahdi Mansour , Al Shamari Hanan , abugesiesa Mustfa Abdelhamied , Amer Ahmed Mahmoud , Chandra Prem , Mahmoud Mohamed H.
Published: May 2022

Background: Qatar is considered as one of highly prevalent countries of type 2 diabetes, with a prevalence of 17 %. Since the start of the global pandemic of COVID-19 the type of service and the access to health centers had changed during the pandemic, so we wanted to know the effect of this major change in the level of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients followed in the PHCC (Primary Health Care Corporation) and compare it with previous studies. Also we wanted to know the relation between level of glycemic control and number of phone consultations done for each patient and finally the prevalence of Covid 19 in type 2 diabetic patients followed in PHCC. Methods: Cross-sectional retrospective data analysis extracted from medical records of patients with Diabetes Melittus type 2 followed at PHCC, in year 2020 Results: The data was extracted for 17,413 patients with type 2 diabetes. The mean HbA1c in our sample was 7.45±1.67% before the pandemic, and 7.34±1.61% during it (Paired t test P<0.001). The mean weight was 82.6±17.40 Kg before the pandemic, and 82.3±17.43 Kg during it (Paired t test P<0.001). Using unpaired t test and one way ANOVA, when analyzing the percentage changes in mean HbA1c among different groups of the sample, no clinical significant (P>0.05) changes in HbA1c was noticed among any group (although most of these groups showed statistical significance in which P<0.01 and this could be due to larger sample size studied). Pearson correlation analysis indicates percentage change in mean HbA1c didn’t have any significant correlation with demographic and various comorbidities. A total of 8.06% (95% CI 7.66, 8.47) of the patients suffered a COVID-19 infection during the study period. Our sample patients received 45,701 consultations during the study period of which 60.60% were virtual. Conclusion: The results showed no significant difference in level of glycemic control during the year 2020 as the mean of HbA1c had not changed; the mean was 7.45% and became 7.34%, with a prevalence of 8.06% for positive cases of Covid in the sample. Key words: Type 2 diabetes control, COVID-19 pandemic, Qatar
The Quality of Life among the Adult Population during COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Goweda Reda Abdelmoaty , Hammad ( Turki Nizar , Khan Zakaria Ali , Alghamdi Ahmed Ali , Alyazidi Abdulaziz Otaywi , Alharbi Abdullah Ghazi , Almalki Khalid Abdulrahman , Alzahrani Mohammed Abdulaziz , Alzubaidi Ahmad Abdulaziz
Published: May 2022

Background: Quality of Life (QoL) is affected by many factors such as age, sex, mental health, relationships, economic status, sociodemographic characteristics and stress. The COVID-19 pandemic is a stressful factor globally, which may affect QoL. Therefore, this study assessed the QoL among the adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This cross-sectional study evaluated the QoL in the general population of Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire. A p-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Ethical approval was obtained from the Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Results: A total of 1,978 participants were recruited from across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Half of the participants were women (1136, 57.4%). Most (1,890, 95.6%) were Saudis. Half of the participants had good QoL in the physical, psychological, social, and environment domains, representing 1,104 (55.8%), 1143 (57.8%), 1,233 (62.3%), and 1,022 (51.7%), respectively. A significant association was noticed between age/BMI and the physical domain (p-values of 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected QoL in many aspects. Women, university and below students; widowed, separated, and divorced people; the retired; people not working in the medical field and people with a chronic disease reported poor QoL. Key words: Quality of life, COVID-19 pandemic, general population, Saudi Arabia, Adult.
Clinical Audit on Well Baby Services at Primary Health Care Corporation, Qatar
Authors: Alkubaisi Noora , Majeed Ansif Pallath , Al Mujalli Hanan , Shah Abdul Ali , Khan Sharifullah , Anand Manickavalli M S , AbdulGafoor Mohammed Asif
Published: May 2022

Background: Regular well-baby visits during the first three years of childhood are critical to identify health, behavioral and development problems that could have long-lasting effects into adulthood. WHO stresses the importance of child health, and states that ensuring the healthy growth and development of children should be the prime concern. Aim: To ensure that well-baby services provide clinical care according to children’s age as per well-baby service protocol within primary health care centers, to find gaps if any and to generate an action plan for further improvement. Methodology: A retrospective chart review (baseline audit) was conducted on 245 health records of children who attended well-baby clinic for three months (March 01, 2018 to May 31, 2018). Further to the implementation of the action plan, a re-audit with retrospective chart review of 477 health records for three months (June 01, 2019 to August 31, 2019) was conducted to evaluate the improvements in the practice. Results: Performance for criterion on relevant clinical history taking (feeding and bowel history) has slightly increased from the baseline for each of the following age groups: from 71% to 82% at 4 months, 77% to 80% at 18 months and, 76% to 81% at 30 months, however, a declination was shown at 2 months 88% to 80%. Assessment of developmental milestones at 2, 18 and 30 months of age increased by 5% (76% to 81%), 13% (70% to 83%) and 19% (50% to 69%) respectively and, at 4 months performance remained the same at 69%. Examination of congenital hip dislocation/abduction has demonstrated a significant improvement where its performance increased by 79% (8% to 87%) at 2 months, and 82% (2% to 84%) at 4 months of age. On the other hand, at ages 18 & 30 months which were not measured in the baseline audit in the re-audit, it was 68% and 45% respectively. Screening for vision at 2 months of age has increased by 13% (78% to 91%), but, there was a slight drop of 10% in the screening of hearing from 86% to 76% at 2 months. Screening of autism spectrum disorder using a tool in children 18 and 30 months of age dropped from 86% to 83% and from 86% to 75% respectively. Conversely, request laboratory investigation to rule out anemia has increased by 46% (47% to 93%) at 18 months and 61% (23% to 84%) at 30 months. Conclusions: Impactful audits with actionable recommendations make real difference in practice and compliance. In conclusion, action plans implemented further to the baseline audit are effective in increasing the compliance in most of the areas. Key Words: Well-baby services audit, primary health care, Qatar
Cystic Fibrosis: A Review Article
Authors: Karrar Hani Raka , Nouh Mahmoud Ismail , Alanazi Abdulmohsen Aqeel G , Alharbi Sultan Essa , Almutairi Fahad Nuwayfi , Alhammad Hussain Ali Abdullah , Sadeeg Abdullah Ali Hassan , Alsheikh Mohammed Aljunaid Alamin , alshaikh Wafa mohammed , Alyahya Mohammed yousef , makki Wejdan Ali Sulieman , Alhazmi Hashima Mohammed , Almutairi Amal saleem , Alhendi Rehab Salah Aldin
Published: May 2022

Cystic Fibrosis is considered one of the most common autosomal recessive diseases that is associated with a decrease in the length of age in a Caucasian population. Also, it is considered as one of the most common life-shortening diseases in the white population in the United States. Cystic fibrosis affects around 30,000 people in the United States and more than 80,000 people worldwide. The incidence rate of this disease is 1 out of 3,500 births per year in the white population in the United States, while the incidence rate of the person becoming a carrier is 1:25 in the Caucasian population, the incidence of the disease is 1:2,500. The main cause for this disease is the mutation in Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene. This disease is considered a life-threatening genetic disease that causes a buildup of thick, viscous mucus secretions in organ systems. Cystic Fibrosis is considered a multiple system disease, but in most cases, the disease gets worse and mortality increases because of respiratory manifestations such as bronchiectasis. Also, pancreatic damage in children is followed by severe wasting, malabsorption, and mortality is one of the recorded observations in children. This article aims to provide a brief introduction and the clinical picture of the disease, Etiology, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Nutrition, Prevention, and good practice management advice. Keywords: Cystic Fibrosis, Bronchiectasis, Review Article, Airway Clearance Therapy, Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator gene.
What it costs to access skilled birth attendance in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Nida , Khan Muhammad Amir , Khan Shaheer Ellah , Khan Muhammad Ahmar , Warraitch Azza
Published: May 2022

Background: A costing study was conducted as part of a randomized controlled trial on promoting safe birthing, among 60,000 pregnancies in Punjab. This costing study aimed to estimate the costs incurred by women for utilisation of skilled birth attendance. Methods: 640 women were recruited from six public health clusters in two districts of Pakistan. Costs were calculated using the societal perspective where the costs incurred on enhancing birth skilled attendance by delivering birth planning intervention were calculated from both the client and health service provider perspective. Province wise projection of costs were also calculated for two years’ time duration. Results: Health services capital cost for enhancing utilization of skilled birth attendance was Rs: 801 (US$ 8) per LHW and the recurrent per pregnant woman was Rs. 4.8 (US$ 0.05). Client cost of skilled birth utilization for normal delivery ranged from 3564(US$ 35.64) at a public facility vs 5276 (US$ 52.76) at a private facility, while for caesarean delivery it ranged from 10383 (US$ 103.83) at a public facility to 14339 (US$ 143.39) at a private facility. Cost of normal delivery was found to be correlated with category of birth attendant. Personal savings and loans were two main modes of payment for child birthing. In Punjab the incremental investment of Rs 67.7 million (US$ 677000) can achieve 675,971 additional deliveries by skilled birth attendants. Conclusion: The birth planning intervention was found to be cost-effective in enhancing skilled birth attendance rate as compared to the control arm. Keywords: Skilled birth attendance, health services cost, out of pocket cost, normal delivery, caesarean delivery
Predictors of Waterpipe Smoking among Male Students of Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khormi Mohammed Ahmed , Sabai Abdullah Ibrahim , Maashi Ali Yahya , Khormi Mohammed Abduallh , hadadi Abdulrahman Ahmed , Maashi Abdullatif Mohammed , Mojiri Mohammed Ebrahim , Zalah Ali Ahmed , Shok Mohammed Abkar , Shawsh Ali Mohammed
Published: May 2022

Background: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable premature death worldwide. Therefore, tobacco consumption is labeled as one of the major threats to public health. Aim of Study: To identify predictors of waterpipe smoking among male students of Jazan university. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate characteristics and factors associated with tobacco use among 409 undergraduate male students in Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia. A self-administrated questionnaire was used for data collection. It consists of 26 questions in 3 domains, covering demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of participants, tobacco use history, and factors associated with waterpipe use. Results: A total of 409 university students took part in this study. About three-quarters of students (73.8%) reported having a friend who smokes waterpipe and 37.7% had a sibling who smokes waterpipe, while 15.2% and 2.4% of participants had fathers and mothers who smoke waterpipe, respectively. Moreover, 22.1% of waterpipe smoker students reported that they smoke waterpipe once a day, 12.6% smoke twice a week, 9.1% smoke once a week, 14.7% smoke once a month and 16.9% smoke once a year. For students who smoke waterpipe, the average number of smoking times was 16 times during the last month, 5 times during the last week and twice during the last day. Regardless of waterpipe smoking, 48.4% of students try to smoke cigarettes at least once. Conclusions: The main factors associated with waterpipe smoking are age, monthly income, and having a father, siblings or friends who smoke waterpipe. Furthermore, students who smoke cigarettes or tobacco or have many friends who smoke waterpipe are significantly more likely to engage in waterpipe smoking. Key Words: Smoking, waterpipe, cigarette, nicotine, university students, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Prevalence of depression and anxiety among patients with breast cancer: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Bukhari Abbas , Farsi Ali , Albaqami Fawaz , Jowharji Abdulaziz , Radwi Mansoor , Albaqami Abdalmohsen , Fallatah Mohammed , Alammari Abdullah , Alghamdi Waleed
Published: May 2022

Background: Breast cancer patients have a significant rate of depression, according to prior studies. During some phases of patient management, particularly early after surgery, these patients are at risk for depression. Objectives: to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety among patients with breast cancer and risk factors associated with it. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 74 patients diagnosed with breast cancer in the general surgery clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Two questionnaires were used, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), filled in by patients who attended the clinic or electronically by sending the questionnaires to the patients. Significant depression was defined as PHQ-9 score 10 and significant anxiety was defined as GAD-7 score 10. Sociodemographic and medical data were also collected. This research was approved by the unit of biomedical ethics at King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine. Results: From the 74 patients with breast cancer, 36% of the women were found to have depression and 24% were found to have anxiety and the prevalence of having both depression and anxiety was 23.0%. Mean PHQ-9 score was (8.9, SD: 5.8). The mean GAD-7 score was (6.7, SD: 5.2). Significant depression and significant anxiety were found to be more in Saudi nationals, those who did not go for surgical therapy, patients with metastatic disease at the time of filling in the questionnaire and married women. These results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of depression and anxiety was similar to previously conducted studies; it also showed no associations between the risk factors studied and anxiety or depression in patients with breast cancer. Keywords: Breast Cancer, depression, anxiety, Saudi Arabia, PHQ-9, GAD-7
Pulmonary hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in sickle cell diseases
Authors: Helvaci Mehmet Rami , Altintas Engin , Yalcin Atilla , Muftuoglu Orhan Ekrem , Abyad Abdulrazak , Pocock Lesley
Published: May 2022

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is a common consequence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: All patients with sickle cell diseases (SCD) were included. Results: The study included 434 patients (212 females) with similar mean ages in males and females (30.8 versus 30.3 years, p>0.05, respectively). Smoking (23.8% versus 6.1%, p<0.001), alcohol (4.9% versus 0.4%, p<0.001), disseminated teeth losses (<20 teeth present) (5.4% versus 1.4%, p<0.001), ileus (7.2% versus 1.4%, p<0.001), cirrhosis (8.1% versus 1.8%, p<0.001), leg ulcers (19.8% versus 7.0%, p<0.001), digital clubbing (14.8% versus 6.6%, p<0.001), coronary heart disease (CHD) (18.0% versus 13.2%, p<0.05), chronic renal disease (CRD) (9.9% versus 6.1%, p<0.05), stroke (12.1% versus 7.5%, p<0.05), and COPD (25.2% versus 7.0%, p<0.001) were higher but not PHT (12.6% versus 11.7, p>0.05) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and/or varices and/or telangiectasias (9.0% versus 6.6%, p>0.05) in males. Conclusion: SCD are severe inflammatory processes on vascular endothelium, particularly at the capillary level since the capillary system is the main distributor of hardened red blood cells (RBC) into tissues. Although smoking, alcohol, disseminated teeth losses, ileus, cirrhosis, leg ulcers, digital clubbing, CHD, CRD, stroke, and COPD-like atherosclerotic events were higher in males, PHT and DVT and/or varices and/or telangiectasias were similar in both genders. Similarly, although the male gender alone is a risk factor for the systemic atherosclerosis, the similar prevalence of PHT in both genders also supports its nonatherosclerotic nature. In another definition, COPD may have an atherosclerotic whereas PHT a hardened RBC-induced chronic thromboembolic background in the SCD. Key words: Sickle cell diseases, pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, endothelial damage, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, aging
Revision of the African cichlid fish genus Ctenochromis (Teleostei, Cichliformes), including a description of the new genus Shuja from Lake Tanganyika and the new species Ctenochromis scatebra from northern Tanzania
Authors: Genner Martin J. , Hsu Ling-Lan , Collins Rupert A. , Smith Alan M. , Saxon Andrew D. , Shechonge Asilatu H. , Ngatunga Benjamin P. , Turner George F.
Published: May 2022

Molecular phylogenetic evidence clearly resolves the African cichlid fish genus Ctenochromis, as defined by Greenwood (1979), as paraphyletic. Here, we redefine the genus Ctenochromis and assign Ctenochromis horei, a member of the Tropheini from Lake Tanganyika, to a new genus Shuja gen. nov. We restrict Ctenochromis to Ctenochromis pectoralis and Ctenochromis scatebra sp. nov., both of which are endemic to the Pangani River catchment in northern Tanzania, and are resolved as sister taxa in a phylogenetic analysis using genome-wide data. Ctenochromis pectoralis is the type species of the genus and described from specimens collected near Korogwe, Tanzania. The species was declared extinct in a 2016 IUCN Red List Assessment. We confirm the continued presence of a population of C. pectoralis within the Ruvu tributary linking Lake Jipe to Nyumba ya Mungu Reservoir. The new taxon Ctenochromis scatebra sp. nov. is described from Chemka Springs, and recognised on the basis of differences from C. pectoralis in tooth and jaw morphology.
Construção do modelo preditivo de desligamento de colaboradores
Authors: Sansone Victor Thadeu Brum , Vecchia Rodrigo Dalla
Published: May 2022

Atualmente se observa a crescente necessidade das empresas em gerenciar a sua força de trabalho, visando à manutenção de profissionais qualificados e redução dos custos associados a processos demissionais. Somado a isso, constatam-se avanços no campo de investigação de Machine Learning, que possibilita a descrição de cenários futuros a partir de modelos preditivos orientados por dados. Essa combinação de fatores tem possibilitado às empresas o investimento em meios para prever quando seus funcionários estão mais propensos a deixar as organizações, antecipando-se à perda de talentos e reduzindo custos operacionais. Dessa forma, este estudo se propôs a construir um modelo preditivo de desligamento de colaboradores para uma instituição financeira no Brasil, além de compreender os principais fatores vinculados à rotatividade. O estudo foi conduzido testando-se o desempenho dos algoritmos K-Nearest Neighbour, Regressão Múltipla, Naive Bayes e Random Forest em uma base de dados contendo informações dos trabalhadores, coletada ao longo de um ano. Evidenciou-se que o melhor modelo preditivo foi construído a partir da técnica Random Forest, que apresentou acurácia de 78,3% e precisão de 81,5%. Observou-se também que as características pessoais, como idade e número de filhos, e profissionais, como remuneração e avaliação anual de desempenho, foram as variáveis mais relevantes para a classificação de um profissional como propenso ou não a deixar a empresa.
Avaliações dos impactos no controle gerencial em diretoria global de serviços compartilhados: estudo de caso na indústria da mineração
Authors: Ferreira Moacir Porto , Gomes Josir Simeone
Published: May 2022

Quando em processo de internacionalização, as corporações podem determinar às suas Unidades de Negócio semelhanças às realidades das suas matrizes como padronização de procedimentos, custos operacionais per capta, modelagem de avaliação de desempenho, entre outros influenciáveis ao Sistema de Controle Gerencial. Mas a aderência a tais semelhanças pode ser minimizada por aspectos e realidades locais, que podem traduzir alterações no referido controle gerencial. O estudo de caso apresentado busca qualificar e analisar os possíveis impactos nos sistemas de controle gerencial da controladora, a partir da avaliação do processo de internacionalização das atividades de uma diretoria de serviços compartilhados na indústria da mineração, em decorrência da absorção das atividades-meio de uma empresa incorporada, localizada no exterior. Foram efetuados questionários qualitativos com gestores e empregados sênior, que detinham posições de liderança e/ou estavam envolvidos no processo de internacionalização da Unidade de Negócios (UN). Em função das diferenças encontradas na controlada estrangeira, os resultados mostraram que os impactos no Controle Gerencial foram inicialmente relevantes e de solução não simples: houve impactos nas rotinas de atendimento, necessidade de time dedicado e paralelismo operacional, entre outros, contrariando parcialmente o conceito de serviço compartilhado e influenciando custos de transação e métricas praticadas.  Também houve relevante aprendizado à controladora mediante desafios envolvendo a cultura organizacional, idiomas e legislações distintos, além de posição neófita no negócio incorporado. Como relevância espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir na tomada de decisão das firmas internacionalizadas, permitindo a delimitação de trade-off para o portfólio de serviços compartilhados geridos no exterior.
Políticas públicas de fomento ao turismo criativo articuladas pelos entes federados: união, estado e município
Authors: Santana Rebeka Cristiny Barbosa de , Paiva Júnior Fernando Gomes de , Silva Luana Alexandre
Published: May 2022

O estudo objetiva compreender o modo como ocorre a articulação das políticas públicas direcionadas ao fomento do turismo criativo no contexto brasileiro. A abordagem qualitativa se configura com estudo de caso único realizado com respeito ao Plano Diretor de Turismo Criativo da cidade de Recife, estado de Pernambuco. A pesquisa foi operacionalizada por meio de levantamento documental e entrevistas. Os dados empíricos foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam para o reconhecimento do uso de experiências criativas como ferramentas capazes de incrementar a atividade turística e consolidar os destinos de turismo, entendimento compartilhado pelos representantes do governo federal e da gestão municipal. Porém, no âmbito estadual, evidencia-se a lógica de exploração em larga escala do turismo de massa, fato que sugere a carência de coerência e integração de estratégias políticas voltadas para o desenvolvimento sustentável do turismo criativo. A necessidade de repensar a articulação entre os formuladores de políticas públicas dos entes federativos brasileiros é demarcada pelo intuito de reduzir a justaposição de ações e maximizar a eficácia dos programas dirigidos para o fomento ao turismo criativo em meio à interface dos níveis de governo.
Gestão de resíduos sólidos: um relato do serviço no contexto Amazônico
Authors: Sousa Hortência Araújo de , Santos Marco Aurélio dos , Almeida Léo César Parente de
Published: May 2022

Diversos estudos salientam que a falta de capacidades entre os funcionários e autoridades governamentais impactam negativamente na gestão dos resíduos sólidos e do lixo. À vista disso, este artigo objetiva explorar, descrever e discutir os desafios da gestão do lixo na cidade de Alenquer (PA) na perspectiva de aprofundar o entendimento da relação entre contexto, capacidades e os problemas na gestão do lixo no contexto amazônico. Para tanto, realizou-se uma análise documental com auxílio de software estatístico para categorizar conexões e lacunas explicativas. Os resultados apontaram que no contexto estudados há uma luta pelo poder político e a falta de capacidade favorece a ação de atores poderosos. Neste contexto, pessoas têm assumido postos sem habilidades para exercer funções gerenciais fragilizando a capacidade de coordenação e de gestão dos resíduos e do lixo. , refletindo um processo de retroalimentação negativa entre as capacidades de prestação dos serviços públicos e os  problemas de saúde. Constata-se que o contexto e as capacidades impactam os serviços básicos a ponto de torna-lo ineficiente.
La experiencia de disfrute y su contribución a la realización personal en jóvenes estudiantes
Authors: Schmidt Vanina , Molina María Fernanda , Celsi Ignacio , Corti Juan Facundo
Published: May 2022

Enjoyment through activities has an important impact on the positive development of young people. The general objective of this work is to know the characteristics of enjoyment in young students and its relationship with the sense of personal fulfillment. Method. 839 high school and university students participated (63.9% female) between the ages of 13 and 30 (M = 18.40; SD = 4.82) from Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (AMBA)/Argentina. Instruments: Scale of Enjoyment in Activity (EDA), Scale of Personal Fulfillment (ESAR) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data analysis: An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out, the reliability of the factors was studied, t tests and ANOVAs for the differences between groups, Pearson's correlation and simple linear regression were performed. Results: The EFA yielded two factors that explain 66.6% of the variance. Enjoyment can be known through two subscales: positive affect and involvement. The activities they enjoy the most are physical-sports, artistic and social. Men show more involvement than women and secondary students show more involvement than young people at the university level. Enjoyment predicts a sense of personal fulfillment. Future studies will make it possible to know the ability of enjoyment to predict health and well-being parameters in the young population.

El disfrute a través de las actividades tiene un importante impacto en el desarrollo positivo de los jóvenes. El objetivo general de este trabajo es conocer las características del disfrute en jóvenes estudiantes y su relación con el sentido de realización personal. Método. Participaron 839 estudiantes secundarios y universitarios (63.9% femenino) de 13 a 30 años (M=18.40; DE=4.82) del Área Metropolitana Bonaerense (AMBA)/Argentina. Instrumentos: Escala de Disfrute en la Actividad (EDA), Escala de Realización Personal (ESAR) y un cuestionario sociodemográfico. Análisis de datos: Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE), se estudió la fiabilidad de los factores, se realizaron pruebas t y ANOVAs para las diferencias entre grupos, correlación de Pearson y regresión lineal simple. Resultados: El AFE arrojó dos factores que explican el 66.6% de la varianza. El disfrute puede conocerse a través de dos subescalas: afecto positivo e involucramiento. Las actividades que más disfrutan son las físico-deportivas, artísticas y sociales. Los varones presentan más involucramiento que las mujeres y los estudiantes secundarios presentan más involucramiento que los/as jóvenes de nivel universitario. El disfrute predice el sentido de realización personal. Estudios futuros permitirán conocer la capacidad del disfrute para predecir parámetros de salud y bienestar en población joven.
“Somos capaces, pero…necesitamos ayuda”: Análisis del pensamiento, metodologías de trabajo y dificultades encontradas en maestras de Educación Infantil acerca de la Educación Física
Authors: López Ruiz Nerea , Alcaraz-Muñoz Verónica , Calvo García Llanos , Alonso Roque José Ignacio
Published: May 2022

Background: this study shows the importance of Physical Education in Pre-school Education and the leading role of the teacher at this stage as the person in charge of carrying out the motor skills of their pupils. Few studies have been found on the perception that teachers at this stage have of the subject. Objective: to analyse the thinking, ways of working and difficulties encountered by Early Childhood Education teachers in Physical Education. Method: three teachers from different infant education levels participated in this qualitative research through a semi-structured interview. Results: the teachers believe that Physical Education has benefits in Infant Education, although it does not have the same importance as other areas, they tend to use these sessions to work on and reinforce content from other subjects and they do not find great difficulties in working on motor skills with the pupils.

Antecedentes: el presente estudio muestra la importancia de la Educación Física en Educación Infantil y el papel protagonista del docente de esta etapa como encargado de llevar a cabo la motricidad de sus alumnos. Han sido escasos los estudios que se encontraron acerca de la percepción que los docentes de esta etapa tienen sobre la materia. Objetivo: analizar el pensamiento, formas de trabajo y dificultades de los docentes de Educación Infantil en Educación Física. Método: tres maestras de diferentes cursos de 2º ciclo de infantil participaron a través de una entrevista semiestructurada en esta investigación cualitativa. Resultados: las maestras creen que la Educación Física tiene beneficios en la Educación Infantil, aunque no tiene la misma importancia que el resto de áreas, suelen emplear dichas sesiones para trabajar y reforzar contenidos de otras materias y no encuentran grandes dificultades acerca de trabajar la motricidad con los alumnos.
Power On!
Authors: Ryoo Jean J. , Margolis Jane , JB Charis
Published: May 2022

A diverse group of teenage friends learn how computing can be personally and politically empowering and why all students need access to computer science education.

This lively graphic novel follows a diverse group of teenage friends as they discover that computing can be fun, creative, and empowering. Taylor, Christine, Antonio, and Jon seem like typical young teens—they communicate via endless texting, they share jokes, they worry about starting high school, and they have each other's backs. But when a racially-biased artificial intelligence system causes harm in their neighborhood, they suddenly realize that tech isn't as neutral as they thought it was. But can an algorithm be racist? And what is an algorithm, anyway?

In school, they decide to explore computing classes, with mixed results. One class is only about typing. The class that Christine wants to join is full, and the school counselor suggests that she take a class in “Tourism and Hospitality” instead. (Really??) But Antonio's class seems legit, Christine finds an after-school program, and they decide to teach the others what they learn. By summer vacation, all four have discovered that computing is both personally and politically empowering.

Interspersed through the narrative are text boxes with computer science explainers and inspirational profiles of people of color and women in the field (including Katherine Johnson of Hidden Figures fame). Power On! is an essential read for young adults, general readers, educators, and anyone interested in the power of computing, how computing can do good or cause harm, and why addressing underrepresentation in computing needs to be a top priority.

From the authors of Power On!

In today's world, technology is impacting every aspect of our lives. We wrote Power On! to fill a gap in current computer science classrooms and out-of-school programs by providing an accessible educational tool for discussing pressing issues of equity and ethics in tech, while motivating all youth to learn about computer science, regardless of their career path. Our hope is that this graphic novel can serve as an engaging way to learn about current research in computer science and computing education.

We also hope this book can spark conversation, introducing a wide range of topics for people to pick up, discuss, and learn more about together. The book will be published with a free educator guide available at www.poweronbook.com, providing discussion questions such as:

· What are ways that technology is creating social good as well as harm in today's world?

· Can robots be racist?

· Why does underrepresentation of students of color and females matter?

· What can be done to change this underrepresentation?

· What ideas do you have for a technological innovation that could address a social problem you care about?

· How can we help support all students in getting the education they deserve and need?
Svenska kommuners samverkan om gymnasieskolan
Authors: Persson Bo
Published: May 2022

Gymnasieskolan är ett område i vilket mellankommunal samverkan har blivit vanligare under senare år. Starka förhoppningar knyts till att kommunerna, genom att samverka med varandra, ska kunna producera utbildningar mer effektivt och ändamålsenligt. Tidigare forskning har dock visat att mellankommunal samverkan är förknippad med betydande kostnader och risker, särskilt inom ett sådant område som gymnasieskolan. Där har kommunerna nämligen starka incitament att, samtidigt som man samverkar, konkurrera med varandra (om elever och invånare). Syftet med den här studien är att fördjupa kunskapen om dessa frågor genom att analysera ledande kommunala tjänstemäns syn på drivkrafter, förutsättningar och hinder för mellankommunal samverkan om gymnasieskolan. Studien baseras på empiriska data från en enkätundersökning riktad till kommunala tjänstemän med ansvar för gymnasieskolan i kommunerna. Studien visar att kommunernas samverkan i hög utsträckning drivs av en vilja att bredda utbildningsutbudet. Studien visar också att samverkan försvåras av det som man upplever som krångliga samverkansprocesser och en ojämn fördelning av makt mellan kommunerna. Däremot verkar inte brist på tillit mellan deltagande kommuner, eller att man har dåliga erfarenheter av tidigare samarbeten, utgöra några stora hinder för samverkan. Slutligen visar studien att de större stadskommunerna upplevs som centrala noder för mellankommunal samverkan inom detta område.
Sub-nasjonale styringsnivåer i et fler-nivå-administrativt system
Authors: Teigen Dag Ole
Published: May 2022

Denne artikkelen undersøker hvorvidt respondenter i norske fylkesadministrasjoner oppfatter at sentrale beslutninger influeres av eksterne aktører – gjennom vertikale relasjoner til sentraladministrative instanser og EU/EØS-institusjoner, samt horisontale relasjoner til andre fylkesadministrasjoner – og hvordan variasjonen i slike relasjoner kan forklares. Artikkelen bygger på data fra en ny spørreundersøkelse i norske fylkesadministrasjoner (N = 893), og viser hvordan fylkesadministrasjonene under visse betingelser kan opptre med to eller flere «hatter», det vil si at beslutningene som treffes influeres av flere eksterne aktører samtidig. Hovedtyngden av respondentene oppgir nasjonale sentraladministrative instanser som den viktigste relasjonen, samtidig som en betydelig andel også oppgir at EU/EØS-institusjoner har betydning når sentrale beslutninger treffes. Mønstrene som avdekkes forklares ved fylkesadministrasjonenes organisatoriske spesialisering og administrative kapasitet.
Tillitsbasert styring og ledelse i offentlig sektor i Norge: Mye hørt, men lite sett?
Authors: Johnsen Åge , Svare Helge , Wittrock Christian
Published: May 2022

Denne artikkelen utforsker utbredelsen av tillitsbasert styring og ledelse (TBSL) og hvordan tillitsbasert styring og ledelse påvirker tillit mellom ledere og ansatte og organisasjoners resultater i offentlig sektor i Norge. Idéen om tillitsbasert styring og ledelse springer ut fra reformer i København kommune i 2012 og har siden spredd seg til den offentlige sektoren i Norge og Sverige. Tillitsbasert styring og ledelse blir av mange oppfattet som en innovasjon og forskjellig fra tradisjonell styring og kontroll. Det er nå kommet en del studier av tillitsbasert styring og ledelse i Danmark og Sverige, men det er så langt få empirisk baserte studier av tillitsbasert styring og ledelse utover case-studier. Analysen bruker spørreskjemadata fra 143 ledere og ansatte i offentlig virksomhet, og dette er den første analysen av utbredelsen av tillitsbasert styring og ledelse og dens virkninger i Norge. Resultatene viser at det har vært lite endring i tillitsbasert styring og ledelse de siste årene, og kommunene hadde mer tillitsbasert styring og ledelse enn statlige organisasjoner. Multivariate analyser med PLS-SEM viser at økt tillitsbasert styring og ledelse har en direkte positiv sammenheng med organisasjonsresultater så vel som en positiv indirekte sammenheng med organisasjonsresultater gjennom tillit, som forventet fra teorien.
Simple Giant Magnetoresistance Probe Based Eddy Current System of Defect Characterization for Non-Destructive Testing
Authors: Touil D. R. , Daas A. , Helifa B. , Lahrech A. C. , Ibn Khaldoun L.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this paper is to present a new giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor, in eddy current testing technique for surface defect detection, in conducting materials, we show that the GMR based eddy currents probe is more sensitive than the inductive probe. A flat coil mounted on ferrite pot used to produce an alternate magnetic field, which gives rise to eddy currents in the material under test. Aluminum plates use with defects have nominal depths, widths, and lengths. The defects scanned with the sensing axis perpendicular to the defect length. Two parameters extracted from the GMR output voltage signal obtained, and a simple correlation between the defect’s dimensions and the GMR output voltage proposed.
Comparative proteomic analysis between mature and germinating seeds in Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis
Authors: Ling Li-Zhen , Zhang Shu-Dong
Published: May 2022

The long dormancy period of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis seeds affects the supply of this scarce plant, which is used as an important traditional Chinese medicine. Mature seeds with a globular embryo and germinating seeds with developed embryo were used to explore the mechanisms of seed germination in this species. The protein profiles between the mature and germinating seeds were compared using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) approach. Of the 4,488 proteins identified, a total of 1,305 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of these DEPs indicated that metabolic pathways and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were the two top pathways. Additionally, phytohormone quantification shows that the abscisic acid (ABA) level significantly decreased, whereas the GA3 level dramatically increased among nine endogenous gibberellins (GAs), resulting in a significant increase of the GA3/ABA ratio in germinating seeds. The biosynthesis pathways of carotenoid as a precursor for ABA production and GA were further analyzed, and showed that proteinic expressions of the candidate genes in the two pathways did not correlate with the transcriptional abundances. However, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), a rate limited enzyme for ABA biosynthesis, was significantly decreased in mRNA levels in germinating seeds. By contrast, gibberellin 20-oxidase (GA20ox), a key enzyme GA biosynthesis, exhibited the major increase in one copy and a slight decrease in three others at the protentional level in germinating seeds. Gibberellin 2-oxidase (GA2ox), an inactivate enzyme in bioactive GAs, has the tendency to down-regulate in mRNA or at the proteinic level in germinating seeds. Altogether, these results suggested that the analyses of ABA and GA levels, the GA3/ABA ratio, and the expressional patterns of their regulatory genes may provide a novel mechanistic understanding of how phytohormones regulate seed germination in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.
QTL mapping and candidate gene analysis of low temperature germination in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using a genome wide association study
Authors: Mao Feng , Wu Depeng , Lu Fangfang , Yi Xin , Gu Yujuan , Liu Bin , Liu Fuxia , Tang Tang , Shi Jianxin , Zhao Xiangxiang , Liu Lei , Ji Lilian
Published: May 2022

Low temperature germination (LTG) is a key agronomic trait in rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, the genetic basis of natural variation for LTG is largely unknown. Here, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using 276 accessions from the 3,000 Rice Genomes (3K-RG) project with 497 k single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to uncover potential genes for LTG in rice. In total, 37 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from the 6th day (D6) to the 10th day (D10) were detected in the full population, overlapping with 12 previously reported QTLs for LTG. One novel QTL, namely qLTG1-2, was found stably on D7 in both 2019 and 2020. Based on two germination-specific transcriptome datasets, 13 seed-expressed genes were isolated within a 200 kb interval of qLTG1-2. Combining with haplotype analysis, a functional uncharacterized gene, LOC_Os01g23580, and a seed germination-associated gene, LOC_Os01g23620 (OsSar1a), as promising candidate genes, both of which were significantly differentially expressed between high and low LTG accessions. Collectively, the candidate genes with favorable alleles may be useful for the future characterization of the LTG mechanism and the improvement of the LTG trait in rice breeding.
PULP Score vs AAST EGS Grading System in Prediction of Outcome of Perforated Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Bharath B , Reddy Gade Sagar , Francis John M
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is the most common diagnosis for upper abdomen pain, and it includes ulcerations and erosion in the Stomach and Duodenum. Complication such as Perforated PUD (PPUD) is only second to bleeding and remains a life-threatening emergency. Aim: To compare the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma– Emergency General Surgery (AAST EGS) scoring system with a widely accepted Peptic Ulcer Perforation (PULP) scoring system for PULP to determine the discriminative capacity and pairwise comparison of both scoring systems. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted from September 2018 to August 2020 at Department of General Surgery, PES institute of Medical Science, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India. All the adults diagnosed with perforated PUD were included. Preoperative, Intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected. The scores were generated for PULP and AAST EGS grades and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. Spearman’s rho test evaluated a comparison of each variable with the AAST EGS grade. The pairwise comparison was performed for complication development, patient duration of stay, mortality and described using the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: This study included 165 patients in this 87% male with a mean age of 56.89±16.79 years. All the total patients were divided into those <=50 years (n=56,mean age:36.8±9.04 years) and >50 years (n=109,mean age: 67.2±8.4 years) and comparative analysis was performed accordingly. Overall, the patients were categorised into the following AAST EGS grade I (9, 5.5%), grade II (99, 60%), grade III (42, 25.45%), grade IV (15, 9%), there were no patients with grade 5 AAST EGS. The AAST EGS grade was comparatively better them PULP score for postoperative complications, but there is not much difference between the PULP score and AAST EGS score for the patient's duration of stay. AAST EGS grade and the PULP discriminated, patient 30-day mortality similarly, but if Area Under Curve (AUC) >0.8, it is a good predictor. Conclusion: The AAST EGS scoring system and the PULP scoring system do similarly predict mortality and complication. But the presence of many variables with points and tabulation which requires laboratory investigation makes PULP scoring system inconvieninent at bedside.
Prognostic Role of Histological Scoring of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sekhar SVR Raja , Pappala Priyanka , Bonu Ravi Chandra , Balli Gouthami
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinomas require assessment of parameters like histologic grade, tumour depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, margin status, worst pattern of Invasion, But for treatment purpose only Tumour, Nodes and Metastases (TNM) staging is given importance. Aim: To develop a scoring system based on different histopathological tumour characteristics and to know its prognostic role in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Department of Pathology at Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India, from September 2011 to August 2016 and data was followed-up for 5 years, upto August 2021. Resection of primary oral lesions with cervical lymph nodal dissection were included in the study, while cases of non squamous cell carcinomas, variants of squamous cell carcinoma, post radiotherapy cases, defaulted cases, patients who lost for follow-up were excluded. The Histoscore (H score) was obtained by the scores of all histopathological tumour characteristics and it ranged from 2 to 11.This H score was divided into three groups and mean survival period of these three Histoscore Groups (HS groups) were calculated for their prognostic use (Group 1 has score 2 to 5, Group 2 has score 6 to 8, Group 3 has score 9 to 11). Medians and ranges were used to summarize continuous data, while frequency counts and percentages were used for categorical data. Kaplan-Meier’s analysis was used for evaluating 5 years survival. The p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: A total of 90 cases were studied. Mean survival period was compared to HS groups, Group 1 had 64±7.59 months, Group 2 had 40.8±11.88 months, Group 3 had 26.06±12.25 months with a p-value <0.001, indicating it as a statistically significant parameter. Based on TNM staging, majority were in T2 (N=41,45.55%), N1(N=34,37.77%) and Mx (N=87,96.66%). Conclusion: Histoscore groups of the oral squamous cell carcinomas have significant differences in the mean survival period among themselves. Hence, this histoscore groups can be an additive to the TNM classification, which provide more prognostic information to the oncologists.
Deep Well Injection Induced Seismicity
Authors: Rosidi Dario
Published: May 2022

Injection of fluid into subsurface geologic strata for geothermal energy, oil production, and waste disposal has been linked to induced seismic activity in the United States as well as in several other countries. According to the report of the National Research Council of United States of America thousands of induced earthquakes were reported at the numerous sites, where oil and gas recovery and waste disposal activities took place. Most of these induced earthquakes were small magnitude events (Moment Magnitude [Mw] < 4), although earthquakes of magnitude (Mw) 6.5 to 7 were also reported near the oil and gas production sites. This paper presents the results of a review of case histories on increased seismic events due to deep well injection (DWI) and oil extraction. Key factors that may lead or contribute to increased seismicity will also be discussed.