bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating Chinese and western medicine for COVID‐19: A living evidence‐based guideline (version 1)
Authors: Ge Long , Zhu Hongfei , Wang Qi , Li Mengting , Cai Jianxiong , Chen Yang , Chen Yaolong , Ding Banghan , Fang Bangjiang , Fei Yutong , Feng Jihong , Guo Xinfeng , Jiang Rongmeng , Jiang Yuyong , Li Guiwei , Li Xiuhui , Li Xucheng , Liang Qun , Liu Jian , Liu Jianping , Liu Qingquan , Liu Shaonan , Lu Yun , Miao Qing , Qi Wensheng , Shang Hongcai , Shi Liqing , Tan XingHua , Tang Xudong , Wang Xianbo , Wang Xiaojun , Xia Wenguang , Yang Kehu , Yang Lihong , Ye Yongan , Zhou Qi , Zhang Hongchun , Zhang Junhua , Zhang Zhiming , Zhang Zhongde , Zou Xu , Li Jun , Wu Darong
Published: October 2021

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has turned into a pandemic and resulted in huge death tolls and burdens. Integrating Chinese and western medicine has played an important role in the fight against the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Purpose

We aimed to develop a living evidence‐based guideline of integrating Chinese and western medicine for COVID‐19.

Study design

Living evidence‐based guideline.

Methods

This living guideline was developed using internationally recognized and accepted guideline standards, dynamically monitoring the release of new clinical evidence, and quickly updating the linked living systematic review, evidence summary tables, and recommendations. Modified Delphi method was used to reach consensus for all recommendations. The certainty of the evidence, resources, and other factors were fully considered, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to rate the certainty of evidence and the strength of recommendations.

Results

The first version of this living guidance focuses on patients who are mild or moderate COVID‐19. A multidisciplinary guideline development panel was established. Ten clinical questions were identified based on the status of evidence and a face‐to‐face experts’ consensus. Finally, nine recommendations were reached consensus, and were formulated from systematic reviews of the benefits and harms, certainty of evidence, public accessibility, policy supports, feedback on proposed recommendations from multidisciplinary experts, and consensus meetings.

Conclusion

This guideline panel made nine recommendations, which covered five traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription granules/decoction (MXXFJD, QFPD, XFBD, TJQW, and JWDY), three Chinese patent medicines (LHQW granules/capsule, JHQG granules, and LHQK granules), and one Chinese herbal injection (XBJ injection). Of them, two were strongly recommended (LHQW granules/capsule and QFPD decoction), and five were weakly recommended (MXXFJD decoction, XFBD decoction, JHQG granules, TJQW granules, and JWDY decoction) for the treatment of mild and moderate COVID‐19; two were weakly recommended against (XBJ injection and LHQK granules) the treatment of mild and moderate COVID‐19. The users of this living guideline are most likely to be clinicians, patients, governments, ministries, and health administrators.
Targeting of SPCSV‐RNase3 via CRISPR‐Cas13 confers resistance against sweet potato virus disease
Authors: Yu Yicheng , Pan Zhiyuan , Wang Xiao , Bian Xiaofeng , Wang Weichi , Liang Qiang , Kou Meng , Ji Hongtao , Li Yanjuan , Ma Daifu , Li Zongyun , Sun Jian
Published: October 2021

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is one of the most important crops in the world, and its production rate is mainly decreased by the sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) caused by the co‐infection of sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and sweet potato feathery mottle virus. However, methods for improving SPVD resistance have not been established. Thus, this study aimed to enhance SPVD resistance by targeting one of its important pathogenesis‐related factors (i.e., SPCSV‐RNase3) by using the CRISPR‐Cas13 technique. First, the RNA targeting activity of four CRISPR‐Cas13 variants were compared using a transient expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana. LwaCas13a and RfxCas13d had more efficient RNA and RNA virus targeting activity than PspCas13b and LshCas13a. Driven by the pCmYLCV promoter for the expression of gRNAs, RfxCas13d exhibited higher RNA targeting activity than that driven by the pAtU6 promoter. Furthermore, the targeting of SPCSV‐RNase3 using the LwaCas13a system inhibited its RNA silencing suppressor activity and recovered the RNA silencing activity in N. benthamiana leaf cells. Compared with the wild type, transgenic N. benthamiana plants carrying an RNase3‐targeted LwaCas13a system exhibited enhanced resistance against turnip mosaic virus TuMV‐GFP and cucumber mosaic virus CMV‐RNase3 co‐infection. Moreover, transgenic sweet potato plants carrying an RNase3‐targeted RfxCas13d system exhibited substantially improved SPVD resistance. This method may contribute to the development of SPVD immune germplasm and the enhancement of sweet potato production in SPVD‐prevalent regions.
Why create government corporations? An examination of the determinants of corporatization in the Canadian public sector
Authors: Bernier Luc , Juillet Luc , Deschamps Carl
Published: October 2021

Public corporations have grown in popularity over the last 30 years, but the conditions that lead governments to create them are still debated. In this study, we draw on an original dataset of public organizations at the federal and provincial levels in Canada to test the prevalence of corporatization and the conditions associated with the creation of public corporations. Our results show that corporatization has been an important phenomenon in Canada over the last 30 years, but that the creation of public corporations is not associated with pressures on public finances or favored by right‐wing governments. Our main finding is that the creation of public corporations is mainly associated with administrative capacity. Our results suggest that corporatization may be more a pragmatic exercise in state‐building than an ideological or New Public Management (NPM)‐driven project, but that its cost or complexity may make it more accessible to larger administrations.
A Novikov equation describing pseudo‐spherical surfaces, its pseudo‐potentials, and local isometric immersions
Authors: Freire Igor Leite , Tito Rodrigo da Silva
Published: October 2021

We show that an equation discovered in V. Novikov [Generalizations of the Camassa–Holm equation, J Phys A: Math Theor. 2009; 42: paper 342002] describes pseudo‐spherical surfaces and is geometrically integrable. From the geometric structure of the equation we obtain an infinite hierarchy of conservation laws. The problem of local isometric immersions is also considered.
The sociological landscape of youth confinement
Authors: Cox Alexandra
Published: October 2021

This article examines key sociological questions that are raised by the confinement of children and young people. Globally, there are approximately one million children held in confinement, and there is an emerging body of qualitative sociological research in this area. This article examines the role that social constructions of childhood innocence and evil play in shaping the processes of protection and removal, and how these constructions play a role in mediating state strategies of punishment and rehabilitation. The article also draws from an emerging body of qualitative sociological research to examine the role of youth confinement institutions in socializing vulnerable young people.
Radiographic and CT features of zygomatic arch pneumatization in a Thoroughbred with a recurrent progressive ethmoid hematoma
Authors: Conradie Marius , Robert Mickaël , Carstens Ann
Published: October 2021

A 7‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding presented with a history of mild unilateral right‐sided epistaxis and facial swelling over the right caudal maxillary sinus and zygomatic arch. Eleven months previously a progressive ethmoid hematoma had been surgically removed from the right caudal maxillary and conchofrontal sinus. Computed tomography identified a large expansile soft‐tissue attenuating mass in the right caudal maxillary sinus, with protrusion into the conchofrontal sinus, that extended into the zygomatic arch. Lytic expansion and thinning of the cortex with pneumatization of the zygomatic arch was present. The mass was surgically excised after a biopsy had confirmed the recurring progressive ethmoid hematoma.
Applications of 3‐dimensional printing in small‐animal surgery: A review of current practices
Authors: Altwal Johnny , Wilson Caroline H. , Griffon Dominique J.
Published: October 2021

Three‐dimensional (3D) printing, also called rapid prototyping or additive manufacturing, transforms digital images into 3D printed objects, typically by layering consecutive thin films of material. This technology has become increasingly accessible to the public, prompting applications in veterinary surgery. Three‐dimensional prints provide direct visualization of complex 3D structures and also haptic feedback relevant to surgery. The main objective of this review is to report current applications of 3D printing in small‐animal surgery, including surgical education, preoperative planning, and treatment of tissue defects. The reported uses of 3D prints, their proposed advantages, and current limitations are discussed considering published evidence. Aspects of the manufacturing process specific to each application are described, along with current practices in veterinary surgery.
Better Late Than Never?! Five Compelling Reasons for Putting Physical Activity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries High Up on the Public Health Research Agenda
Authors: Siefken Katja , Ramirez Varela Andrea , Waqanivalu Temo , Schulenkorf Nico
Published: October 2021

Since 2020, the world has been navigating an epidemiologic transition with both infectious diseases (COVID-19) and noncommunicable diseases intertwined in complex and diverse ways. In fact, the pandemics of physical inactivity, noncommunicable diseases, and COVID-19 coincide in a tragically impactful ménage à trois with their detrimental long-term health consequences yet to be determined. We know that people in low- and middle-income countries not only have the highest risk of developing chronic diseases, they also develop the diseases at a younger age, they suffer longer, and they die earlier than people in high-income countries. This commentary features 5 compelling reasons for putting physical activity in low- and middle-income countries high up on the public health research agenda and calls for more commitment to inclusive and context-specific public health practices that are paired with locally relevant promotion and facilitation of PA practice, research, and policymaking.
NIH prepares to toughen harassment rules
Authors: Kaiser Jocelyn
Published: October 2021

Advisory group urges mandatory reporting of #MeTooSTEM investigations to agency.
Medicine contends with how to use artificial intelligence
Authors: Couzin-Frankel Jennifer
Published: October 2021

Barriers include lack of reproducibility across hospitals and populations.
Characterization of a Novel Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Subtype from a Patient Failing 4 Weeks of Glecaprevir-Pibrentasvir Treatment
Authors: Pedersen Martin S. , Fahnøe Ulrik , Madsen Lone W. , Christensen Peer B. , Øvrehus Anne , Bukh Jens
Published: October 2021

Limited information is available in relation to surveillance, genotyping, genome sequences, and treatment outcomes for rare hepatitis C virus variants. Here, we have characterized a novel subtype of major hepatitis C virus genotype 1, which was deep sequenced before and after treatment failure with 4 weeks of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir.
Genome Sequence of Bacteriophage Adumb2043, Isolated from Arthrobacter globiformis in Southern Colorado
Authors: Brown Darien , Isenhart Shannon , Kleven Auremie , Gillison Adam , Martínez Lee Anne , García Costas Amaya
Published: October 2021

We report the discovery and genome sequence of phage Adumb2043, a siphovirus infecting
Arthrobacter globiformis
, B2979-SEA. Adumb2043 was isolated from soil collected in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The genome has a length of 43,100 bp and contains 68 predicted protein-coding genes and no tRNA genes. Adumb2043 is related to actinobacteriophages Elezi and London.
Complete Genome Sequence of a
Mucilaginibacter
sp. Strain Isolated from Estuarine Soil Contaminated with Mine Tailings from the Samarco Disaster at Fundão Dam
Authors: Vasconcelos Ana L. S. , Defalco Thaiane , Dias Armando C. F. , Barrientos Leticia , Bernardino Angelo F. , Andreote Fernando Dini , Núñez-Montero Kattia
Published: October 2021

We report the complete genome sequence of
Mucilaginibacter
strain 21P, which was isolated from estuarine soil contaminated with mine tailings from the Samarco disaster, which occurred in 2015 in Brazil. The genome sequence comprised 4,739,655 bp, with a G+C content of 43.2%, and harbors multiple antibiotic and metal resistance genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of Streptococcus pneumoniae Strain Rx1, a Hex Mismatch Repair-Deficient Standard Transformation Recipient
Authors: Cuppone Anna Maria , Colombini Lorenzo , Fox Valeria , Pinzauti David , Santoro Francesco , Pozzi Gianni , Iannelli Francesco
Published: October 2021

The complete genome sequence of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
strain Rx1, a Hex mismatch repair-deficient standard transformation recipient, was obtained by combining Nanopore and Illumina sequencing technologies. The genome consists of a 2.03-Mb circular chromosome, with 2,054 open reading frames and a GC content of 39.72%.
Draft Genome Sequence of NDM-Encoding Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Feral Swine
Authors: Liu Huijia , Zhai Yuting , Liu Ting , Fan Peixin , Boughton Raoul , Jeong Kwangcheol C.
Published: October 2021

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
pose a great threat to public health globally. Most known NDM-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
are associated with human hospital or community infections. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of an NDM-1-encoding
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strain isolated from feral swine (
Sus scrofa
) captured in Florida, USA.
Supplemental Material: Pyrrhotite–silicate melt partitioning of rhenium and the deep rhenium cycle in subduction zones
Authors: Xue Shuo , Li Yuan
Published: October 2021

Description of experimental and analytical methods, Figures S1–S7, and Tables S1–S6.
Dietary intake and biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Naghshi Sina , Aune Dagfinn , Beyene Joseph , Mobarak Sara , Asadi Masoomeh , Sadeghi Omid
Published: October 2021

Objective

To examine the associations between dietary intake and tissue biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Data sources

PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar to 30 April 2021.

Study selection

Prospective cohort studies that reported the risk estimates for death from all causes, CVD, and cancer.

Data synthesis

Summary relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the highest versus lowest categories of ALA intake using random effects and fixed effects models. Linear and non-linear dose-response analyses were conducted to assess the dose-response associations between ALA intake and mortality.

Results

41 articles from prospective cohort studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, totalling 1 197 564 participants. During follow-up ranging from two to 32 years, 198 113 deaths from all causes, 62 773 from CVD, and 65 954 from cancer were recorded. High intake of ALA compared with low intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of deaths from all causes (pooled relative risk 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.97, I2=77.8%, 15 studies), CVD (0.92, 0.86 to 0.99, I2=48.2%, n=16), and coronary heart disease (CHD) (0.89, 0.81 to 0.97, I2=5.6%, n=9), and a slightly higher risk of cancer mortality (1.06, 1.02 to 1.11, I2=3.8%, n=10). In the dose-response analysis, a 1 g/day increase in ALA intake (equivalent to one tablespoon of canola oil or 0.5 ounces of walnut) was associated with a 5% lower risk of all cause (0.95, 0.91 to 0.99, I2=76.2%, n=12) and CVD mortality (0.95, 0.91 to 0.98, I2=30.7%, n=14). The pooled relative risks for the highest compared with lowest tissue levels of ALA indicated a significant inverse association with all cause mortality (0.95, 0.90 to 0.99, I2=8.2%, n=26). Also, based on the dose-response analysis, each 1 standard deviation increment in blood concentrations of ALA was associated with a lower risk of CHD mortality (0.92, 0.86 to 0.98, I2=37.1%, n=14).

Conclusions

The findings show that dietary ALA intake is associated with a reduced risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, and CHD, and a slightly higher risk of cancer mortality, whereas higher blood levels of ALA are associated with a reduced risk of all cause and CHD mortality only.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42021229487.
Peer-driven intervention to help patients resume CPAP therapy following discontinuation: a multicentre, randomised clinical trial with patient involvement
Authors: Merle Raymond , Pison Christophe , Logerot Sophie , Deschaux Chrystèle , Arnol Nathalie , Roustit Matthieu , Tamisier Renaud , Pépin Jean Louis , Borel Jean Christian
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is one of the most common chronic diseases. It may be associated with symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness and neurocognitive and cardiovascular complications. First line therapy for OSAS involves home continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), however, nearly half of patients do not adhere with this treatment over the long term. Cognitive-behavioural interventions that include health professionals and patient and public involvement are increasingly advocated in the fields of education and research. We hypothesise that a peer-driven intervention could help patients with OSAS to resume CPAP use after discontinuation.

Methods and analysis

We have designed a prospective, multicentre randomised, controlled trial that will be coconducted by health professionals, a home provider of CPAP and patients as experts or peers or participants. The primary aim is to evaluate the impact of a 6-month, peer-driven intervention to promote the resumption of CPAP after discontinuation. We anticipate that 20% of patients in the intervention group will reuse CPAP as compared with 6% in control group, thus, 104 patients must be included in each group. The secondary aims are (1) to evaluate the impact of the peer-driven intervention on adherence to CPAP compared with the control group (mean adherence and percentage of nights with at least 4 hours’ use/night for 70% of nights); (2) to determine factors associated with resumption of CPAP; (3) to assess patient satisfaction with the peer-driven intervention at 6 months; (4) to evaluate the feasibility and the execution of the peer-driven intervention and peer satisfaction. Adult outpatients with an established diagnosis of severe OSA (Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index >30 events/hour) that have stopped using CPAP within 4–12 months after initiation will be recruited. The peers who will perform the intervention will be patients with OSAS treated with CPAP with good adherence (at least 4 hours/night, 70% of nights) and trained in motivational enhancement and cognitive-behavioural therapies. Trained peers will conduct three interviews within 6 months with participants.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained from the French Regional Ethics Committee CPP Ouest II-Angers, (IRB 21.02.25.68606 (2021/2025)). All participants will sign written informed consent. The results will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals as well as public media.

Trial registration number

NCT04538274
Internal Carotid Artery Occulusion Following Sports Diving
Authors: Hughes P J
Published: October 2021

A case of internal carotid artery occlusion following a sports dive is described. The investigation and management of this condition is discussed with particular reference to blunt trauma being a risk factor for carotid artery occlusion.
Electrocardiographic Changes Following Primary Blast Injury To The Thorax
Authors: Guy Richard J , Watkins Paul E , Edmondstone W Mark
Published: October 2021

Profound physiological changes occur following primary blast exposure but the contribution of cardiac arrhythmias is unknown. Thirteen rats, under intravenous anaesthesia, were exposed to a blast wave directed at the thorax (Group II); 10 other animals underwent abdominal blast (Group III) and nine animals acted as controls (Group I). Animals were monitored before, during and after blast exposure. Group II animals demonstrated apnoea, bradycardia and hypotension. No significant physiological changes were seen in Groups I or III. Group II displayed a variety of ECG disturbances, from ventricular extrasystoles to ventricular fibrillation. All abnormalities reverted to sinus rhythm within minutes except in fatally injured animals. These ECG changes probably result from stress wave injury. Significant disturbances might account for some fatalities following primary blast exposure and may exacerbate the triad of apnoea, bradycardia and hypotension. Such observations may have important consequences for the management of blast casualties
Tumour Markers - Magic or Menace?
Authors: Barker P , Millroy S
Published: October 2021

Breast cancer follow-up is aimed at the detection of metastatic disease at a stage when it can still be treated. Traditionally this has been done on a symptomatic basis confirmed by UICC criteria. By inference, tumour burden by this time is likely to be high, and therefore any therapy possibly less effective.

Breast Serum Tumour Marker estimation, while disease volume is still low, has been shown in a District General Hospital setting to allow early treatment and monitor efficacy of therapy. A randomised multi-centre study is essential to determine whether these investigations are sensible and life-saving or costly and confusing.
Modelling the Effectiveness of Techniques for Reducing Heat Strain in Royal Navy Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Cleansing Stations' Teams
Authors: House J R
Published: October 2021

High temperatures, combined with wearing nuclear biological chemical (NBC) individual protective equipment (IPE), produce significant heat strain in personnel working in ships’ NBC cleansing stations (CS) and limit the ability of ships to operate in a contaminated environment. This report reviews the potential solutions to this problem and concludes that only a method of actively cooling personnel will reduce heat strain and increase the number of people that can be processed through ships’ NBC CS. Amongst the wide range of cooling equipment that might offer a benefit, only hand immersion in cold water and ice-vests are practically useful for use in NBC CS. To assess how effective these techniques are likely to be INM has modelled the thermal effects under environmental conditions expected in the CS when operating in a hot climate. The model predicted that hand immersion in cold water (10°C) would be the most effective cooling method, providing that personnel were able to take regular rest periods to immerse the hands. If it is preferred that personnel in the CS be able to work continuously, then ice-vests would be effective. The safe total work time that can be achieved in a three hour period without a cooling intervention is approximately 72 minutes, regular rest periods must be taken throughout the three hour work period, to total of 108 minutes. Safe work times can be increased to 99 minutes by using an ice-vest and 117 minutes by using hand immersion in 10°C water, with required rest times reduced accordingly, thereby increasing capacity of CS teams to decontaminate personnel.
Digital hermeneutics: scaled readings of online depression discourses
Authors: van de Ven Inge , van Nuenen Tom
Published: October 2021

When it comes to understanding experiences of illness, humanities and social sciences research have traditionally reserved a prominent role for narrative. Yet, depression has characteristics that withstand the form of traditional narratives, such as a lack of desire and an impotence to act. How can a ‘datafied’ approach to online forms of depression writing pose a valuable addition to existing narrative approaches in health humanities? In this article, we analyse lay people’s depression discourses online. Our approach, ‘digital hermeneutics’, is inspired by Gadamer’s dialogical hermeneutics. It consists of a ‘scaled reading’ on five different scales: platform hermeneutics; contextual reading with term frequency—inverse document frequency (TF–IDF); distant reading with natural language processing topic modelling; hyper-reading with concordance views and close reading. Our corpus consisted of three data sets, from the blogs and message boards of, respectively, time-to-change.org.uk, a UK-based social organisation and movement that aims to counter mental health discrimination and alleviate social isolation by spreading awareness; Sane.org.uk, a leading UK mental health charity that seeks to help people in facing the challenges of mental illness and to improve quality of life; and the subreddit ‘r/depression’ on web discussion platform reddit. We found that the manner in which people express experiences of illness online is very much dependent on the specific affordances of platforms. We found degrees of ‘narrativity’ to be correlated to authorship and identity markers: the less ‘anonymous’ the writing, generally speaking, the more conventionally ‘narrative’ it was. Pseudonimity was related to more intimate and singular forms, with less pressure to conform to socially accepted and positive narratives of the ‘restitution’ type. We also found that interactive affordances of the platforms were used to a limited extent, nuancing assumptions about the polyvocality of online depression writing. We conclude by making a claim for increased cooperation between digital and medical humanities that might lead to a field of ‘Digital Medical Humanities’.
Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease: a randomised controlled equivalence trial
Authors: Cox Narelle S , McDonald Christine F , Mahal Ajay , Alison Jennifer A , Wootton Richard , Hill Catherine J , Zanaboni Paolo , O'Halloran Paul , Bondarenko Janet , Macdonald Heather , Barker Kathryn , Crute Hayley , Mellerick Christie , Wageck Bruna , Boursinos Helen , Lahham Aroub , Nichols Amanda , Czupryn Pawel , Corbett Monique , Handley Emma , Burge Angela T , Holland Anne E
Published: October 2021

Rationale

Pulmonary rehabilitation is an effective treatment for people with chronic respiratory disease but is delivered to <5% of eligible individuals. This study investigated whether home-based telerehabilitation was equivalent to centre-based pulmonary rehabilitation in people with chronic respiratory disease.

Methods

A multicentre randomised controlled trial with assessor blinding, powered for equivalence was undertaken. Individuals with a chronic respiratory disease referred to pulmonary rehabilitation at four participating sites (one rural) were eligible and randomised using concealed allocation to pulmonary rehabilitation or telerehabilitation. Both programmes were two times per week for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was change in Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire Dyspnoea (CRQ-D) domain at end-rehabilitation, with a prespecified equivalence margin of 2.5 points. Follow-up was at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included exercise capacity, health-related quality of life, symptoms, self-efficacy and psychological well-being.

Results

142 participants were randomised to pulmonary rehabilitation or telerehabilitation with 96% and 97% included in the intention-to-treat analysis, respectively. There were no significant differences between groups for any outcome at either time point. Both groups achieved meaningful improvement in dyspnoea and exercise capacity at end-rehabilitation. However, we were unable to confirm equivalence of telerehabilitation for the primary outcome ΔCRQ-D at end-rehabilitation (mean difference (MD) (95% CI) −1 point (−3 to 1)), and inferiority of telerehabilitation could not be excluded at either time point (12-month follow-up: MD −1 point (95% CI −4 to 1)). At end-rehabilitation, telerehabilitation demonstrated equivalence for 6-minute walk distance (MD −6 m, 95% CI −26 to 15) with possibly superiority of telerehabilitation at 12 months (MD 14 m, 95% CI −10 to 38).

Conclusion

telerehabilitation may not be equivalent to centre-based pulmonary rehabilitation for all outcomes, but is safe and achieves clinically meaningful benefits. When centre-based pulmonary rehabilitation is not available, telerehabilitation may provide an alternative programme model.

Trial registration number

ACtelerehabilitationN12616000360415.
The diphoton $$q_T$$ spectrum at N$$^3$$LL$$^\prime $$ + NNLO
Authors: Neumann Tobias
Published: October 2021

We present a $$q_T$$

q
T

-resummed calculation of diphoton production at order N$$^3$$

3

LL$$^\prime $$

′

 + NNLO. To reach the primed level of accuracy we have implemented the recently published three-loop $${\mathcal {O}}(\alpha _s^3)$$

O
(

α
s
3

)

virtual corrections in the $$q\bar{q}$$

q

q

¯

channel and the three-loop transverse momentum dependent beam functions and combined them with the existing infrastructure of , a code performing resummation at order N$${}^3$$

3

LL. While the primed predictions are parametrically not more accurate, one typically observes from lower orders and other processes that they are the dominant effect of the next order. We include in both the $$q\bar{q}$$

q

q

¯

and loop-induced gg channel the hard contributions consistently together at order $$\alpha _s^3$$

α
s
3

and find that the resummed $$q\bar{q}$$

q

q

¯

channel without matching stabilizes indeed. Due to large matching corrections and large contributions and uncertainties from the gg channel, the overall improvements are small though. We furthermore study the effect of hybrid-cone photon isolation and hard-scale choice on our fully matched results to describe the ATLAS $$\text {8}$$
8
  TeV data and find that the hybrid-cone isolation worsens agreement at small $$q_T$$

q
T

compared to smooth-cone isolation.
The Raychaudhuri equation for a quantized timelike geodesic congruence
Authors: Gupta Choudhury Shibendu , Dasgupta Ananda , Banerjee Narayan
Published: October 2021

A recent attempt to arrive at a quantum version of Raychaudhuri’s equation is looked at critically. It is shown that the method, and even the idea, has some inherent problems. The issues are pointed out here. We have also shown that it is possible to salvage the method in some limited domain of applicability. Although no generality can be claimed, a quantum version of the equation should be useful in the context of ascertaining the existence of a singularity in the quantum regime. The equation presented in the present work holds for arbitrary $$n+1$$

n
+
1

dimensions. An important feature of the Hamiltonian in the operator form is that it admits a self-adjoint extension quite generally. Thus, the conservation of probability is ensured.
Badminton Recognition and Tracking System
Authors: Cui Zhihao , Zheng Ting
Published: October 2021

Human–computer interaction systems have been developed in large numbers and quickly applied to sports. Badminton is the best sport for applying robotics because it requires quick recognition and fast movement. For the development of badminton recognition and tracking systems, it is important to accurately identify badminton, venues, and opponents. In this paper, we designed and developed a badminton recognition and tracking system using two 2 000 000-pixel high-speed cameras. The badminton tracking system has a transmission speed of 250[Formula: see text]fps and the maximum speed of the badminton resonator is 300[Formula: see text]km/h. The system uses the camera link interface Camera Link to capture images of high-speed cameras and process all captured images in real time using different regions of interest settings. In order to improve accuracy, we propose a new method for judging the center point of badminton. We have proposed a detector that detects the four corner points of the field by using the contour information of the badminton court when the approximate position of the badminton court is known. We set the sensing area according to the approximate position of the badminton court and use the histogram in the sensing area to select the point closest to the contour. Specify the intersection of the line as the corner point of the badminton court. The proposed angle detector has a high detection rate. It is more than 10 times more accurate than traditional detectors. The moving badminton is detected by an elliptical detector. We propose a method to find the center of the correct ellipse from the four candidates by selecting the four candidate contours of the ellipse. Compared to conventional circular detectors and points on three-dimensional coordinates, the proposed elliptical detector reduces the error by about 3[Formula: see text]mm.
Black hole initial data by numerical integration of the parabolic–hyperbolic form of the constraints
Authors: Nakonieczna Anna , Nakonieczny Łukasz , Rácz István
Published: October 2021

The parabolic–hyperbolic form of the constraints is integrated numerically. The applied numerical stencil is fourth-order accurate (in the spatial directions) while “time”-integration is made by using the method of lines with a fourth-order order accurate Runge–Kutta scheme. The proper implementation of the applied numerical method is verified by convergence tests and monitoring the relative and absolute errors is determined by comparing numerically and analytically known solutions of the constraints involving boosted and spinning vacuum single black hole configurations. The main part of our investigations is, however, centered on the construction of initial data for distorted black holes which, in certain cases, have non-negligible gravitational wave content. Remarkably, the applied new method is unprecedented in that it allows to construct initial data for highly boosted and spinning black holes, essentially for the full physical allowed ranges of these parameters. In addition, the use of the evolutionary form of the constraints is free from applying any sort of boundary conditions in the strong field regime.
CHANGES IN THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF BRAIN TISSUE IN PD BY DIFFUSION KURTOSIS IMAGING
Authors: WANG LEI , LIU XIN , WU SHUOHUA , CHEN FANG , ZHENG YE , GUO GANG , XUAN YINGHUA , YAN GEN
Published: October 2021

This study proposed to detect changes in brain microstructure in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) to quantitatively diagnose early-stage PD. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging and DKI scanning were performed in 24 patients with PD and in 12 age- and sex-matched healthy participants. Hoehn and Yahr (H–Y) stage and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-III (UPDRS-III) scores were obtained from both groups. The mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis, and radial kurtosis of the bilateral substantia nigra on DKI were measured and compared between the two groups. The correlations between MK, H–Y stage, and UPDRS-III scores were determined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of MK for PD in the substantia nigra. The MK value in the PD group was 0.971. The area under the ROC curve of the substantia nigra was 0.905; the sensitivity and specificity were 0.917 and 0.875, respectively, and the cutoff value was 1.046. The MK of the substantia nigra in the PD group had no significant correlation with the H–Y stages but was negatively correlated with the UPDRS-III scores ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]). Our research identified DKI as a novel tool for the qualitative diagnosis of PD. The optimal MK value for PD diagnosis could be determined with ROC analysis.
MINIMUM DETECTABLE DIFFERENCE OF CT ANGIOGRAPHY SCANS AT VARIOUS CARDIAC BEATS: EVALUATION VIA A CUSTOMIZED OBLIQUE V-SHAPED LINE GAUGE AND PMMA PHANTOM
Authors: CHIANG CHAO-YU , CHEN YI-HUA , PAN LUNG-FA , CHO CHIEN-CHOU , PENG BING-RU , PAN LUNG-KWANG
Published: October 2021

The minimum detectable difference (MDD) at various beats/min (BPM) of CT angiography (CTA) was evaluated using an oblique V-shape line gauge and poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom in this study. The customized phantom with the size of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm3 was made from a 1[Formula: see text]cm-thick PMMA. The reciprocating mechanism in the phantom was run by a step motor with an eccentric gear connected to a crank rod to provide a stable harmonic motion, simulating the cardiac beats. The MDD has a unique feature in defining the quality characteristic of CT-scanned images and provides more information than simple line pair/cm in the previous studies. The derived MDD was quantified according to various BPM, and the CTA factor combination was preset following either the conventional recommendation or the optimal one. In doing so, the performance was substantiated by the Taguchi-based signal-to-noise ratio and integrated by another index, namely, figure of merit (FOM). The MDD and corresponding [Formula: see text] (dB) changed from [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm and from 16.7[Formula: see text]dB to 14.2[Formula: see text]dB, respectively, for conventional settings; while those obtained for the optimal preset changed from [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm and from 12.2 dB to 16.4 dB, respectively of CTA at 0–90 BPM. The integrated FOM values for conventional or optimal cases were 1240 and 1337, respectively. The MDD proved to be a useful technique in justifying the CTA-scanned images. For compliance with previous studies, MDD results can be converted to the line pair/cm results, but it is more informative than the quantized number of line pairs.
Implications of single field inflation in general cosmological scenarios on the nature of dark energy given the swampland conjectures
Authors: Trivedi Oem
Published: October 2021

Swampland Conjectures have attracted quite some interest in the Cosmological Community. They have been shown to have wide ranging implications, like constraints on inflationary models, primordial black holes, etc. to name a few. A particularly revealing insight on dark energy also shows that one can have the dark energy equation-of-state for a quintessence scenario to be significantly different than [Formula: see text] after one takes into account the refined dS conjecture. Another interesting issue with the swampland conjectures is that they have been shown to be incompatible with single field inflationary models in GR-based cosmology. In our previous work, we have, however, shown that single field inflationary models are quite compatible with swampland conjectures in their usual string theoretic form in a large class of modified cosmological scenarios. Building on that work, we now show that in modified cosmological scenarios where the early universe expansion was driven by single field inflation, one can have the dark energy equation of state to be significantly different from [Formula: see text] even if we just take into account the original dS conjecture, let alone the refined form of that. We thereby show that one does not need to apply a step function approach towards inflation in order to have an observable distinction between constant and non-constant dark energy models in the context of the swampland conjectures.
Reduced Sombor index of bicyclic graphs
Authors: Dorjsembe Shiikhar , Horoldagva Batmend
Published: October 2021

The concept of Sombor indices (SO) of a graph was recently introduced by Gutman and the reduced Sombor index [Formula: see text] of a graph [Formula: see text] is defined by [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the degree of the vertex [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we study the extremal properties of the reduced Sombor index and characterize the bicyclic graphs with extremal [Formula: see text]-value.
The approximate solution of nonlinear Fredholm implicit integro-differential equation in the complex plane
Authors: Lemita Samir , Touati Sami , Derbal Kheireddine
Published: October 2021

This paper’s purpose is to study the nonlinear Fredholm implicit integro-differential equation in the complex plane, where the term implicit integro-differential means that the derivative of unknown function is founded inside of the integral operator. Initially, according to Banach fixed point theory, we ensure that the equation has a unique solution under particular conditions. However, we exhibit a numerical process based on the conjunction between Nyström and Picard methods, for the sake of approximating solutions of this equation. In addition to that, the convergence analysis of this numerical process is demonstrated, and some illustrated numerical examples are presented.
On the Acquisition of Attitude Verbs
Authors: Hacquard Valentine , Lidz Jeffrey
Published: October 2021

Attitude verbs, such as think, want, and know, describe internal mental states that leave few cues as to their meanings in the physical world. Consequently, their acquisition requires learners to draw from indirect evidence stemming from the linguistic and conversational contexts in which they occur. This provides us a unique opportunity to probe the linguistic and cognitive abilities that children deploy in acquiring these words. Through a few case studies, we show how children make use of syntactic and pragmatic cues to figure out attitude verb meanings and how their successes, and even their mistakes, reveal remarkable conceptual, linguistic, and pragmatic sophistication.
Metabolic low-frequency oscillation and abbreviated protocol for estimating REE by indirect calorimetry in healthy adults
Authors: Wang Yuan , Liu Ruide , Jin Rui , He Zijun , Chen Yanyan , Ma Zuchang , Sun Yining
Published: October 2021

For estimating REE by indirect calorimetry, to shorten the measurement time, a consideration of low-frequency oscillations is essential. Based on that we proposed a new abbreviated protocol named wave protocol, which showed accuracy approaching that of the standard protocol with a measurement time close to that of the interval abbreviated protocol.
Supraspinatus muscle architecture and physiology in a rabbit model of tenotomy and repair
Authors: Hyman Sydnee A. , Wu Isabella T. , Vasquez-Bolanos Laura S. , Norman Mackenzie B. , Esparza Mary C. , Bremner Shannon N. , Dorn Shanelle N. , Ramirez Ivan , Fithian Donald C. , Lane John G. , Singh Anshuman , Ward Samuel R.
Published: October 2021

We utilize an established method to measure the length-tension relationship for the rabbit supraspinatus in normal, torn, and repaired muscles. We then perform architectural analysis to evaluate structural changes after tear and repair. Although peak isometric force is lower in the tear and repair groups, there are no differences in peak stresses across groups. These findings indicate persistent structural changes (both radial and longitudinal atrophy) and physiological deficiencies (decreased peak force and uncoupling structure-function relationship) after tenotomy that do not significantly recover after repair.
Sports Policy and Training Decision Support Method Based on Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Li Zhi
Published: October 2021

In recent years, the awareness of sports departments at all levels of society to promote sports through science and has been increasing, and the scientific decision‐making and management of sports have been improved to a great extent. With the application of scientific decision‐making combined with a real‐time sports data monitoring network, the opponent’s advance information can be effectively observed during the game and reasonable decisions can be made to deal with the opponent’s offense. Therefore, high‐level athletes appear to be more relaxed and calm in the game. It first requires the application of advanced information collection methods to obtain sports data quickly, in real time and at low cost, and extract information about athletes’ scientific management decision‐making from massive data and then make scientific management decisions for sports training. The modern sports method is highly open, and big data mining also profoundly affects the relevant decision‐making of sports training. How to design appropriate decision support tools to grasp the key points of the problem in sports information data and make reasonable and correct decisions is a problem that is closely watched by macro decision‐makers and coaches at all levels. This article mainly introduces the training decision support method derived from data mining and intends to provide some technical directions for making scientific decisions in sports training. This paper proposes related algorithms of a training decision support method derived from data mining, including training effectiveness prediction model and decision tree algorithm, for the design of the training decision support method derived from data mining. Experimental data shows that the average error between the prediction of the effectiveness of the training method and the actual situation of the training decision support method in this paper is 0.913%, which is helpful for the management or coach to make decisions.
[Retracted] Security and Privacy Risk Assessment of Energy Big Data in Cloud Environment
Authors: Li Zhiru , Xu Wei , Shi Huibin , Zhang Yuanyuan , Yan Yan
Published: October 2021

Considering the importance of energy in our lives and its impact on other critical infrastructures, this paper starts from the whole life cycle of big data and divides the security and privacy risk factors of energy big data into five stages: data collection, data transmission, data storage, data use, and data destruction. Integrating into the consideration of cloud environment, this paper fully analyzes the risk factors of each stage and establishes a risk assessment index system for the security and privacy of energy big data. According to the different degrees of risk impact, AHP method is used to give indexes weights, genetic algorithm is used to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of BP neural network, and then the optimized weights and thresholds are given to BP neural network, and the evaluation samples in the database are used to train it. Then, the trained model is used to evaluate a case to verify the applicability of the model.
Design of Sports Training System and Motion Monitoring and Recognition under Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Jia Yue
Published: October 2021

In conventional sports training, coaches record and observe athletes' sports data and judge whether it is reasonable based on their own experience. This qualitative analysis method is highly subjective, has large errors, and is susceptible to interference. To solve the above problems, the design of the sports training system under the wireless sensor network and the research of movement monitoring and recognition become very important. This article aims to study the design of sports training system and the monitoring and recognition of actions under the wireless sensor network technology. This paper simulates the implementation of the proposed data collection protocol and the two basic protocols, the direct transfer algorithm and the flooding algorithm, and compares the protocol proposed in this paper with the other two algorithms in terms of average information transmission success rate and average network overhead. Among them, the average information transmission success rate represents the ratio of the number of messages successfully arriving at the base station to the total amount of information generated by all nodes, and the average network overhead represents the average number of messages sent by each node. Experimental results show that the data collection protocol proposed in this paper can dynamically provide different transmission qualities for information of different importance levels, effectively reducing network overhead, and the reduced overhead is 11% of the original.