bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preterm‐birth alters the development of nodal clustering and neural connection pattern in brain structural network at term‐equivalent age
Authors: Zheng Weihao , Wang Xiaomin , Liu Tingting , Hu Bin , Wu Dan
Published: August 2023

Preterm‐born neonates are prone to impaired neurodevelopment that may be associated with disrupted whole‐brain structural connectivity. The present study aimed to investigate the longitudinal developmental pattern of the structural network from preterm birth to term‐equivalent age (TEA), and identify how prematurity influences the network topological organization and properties of local brain regions. Multi‐shell diffusion‐weighted MRI of 28 preterm‐born scanned a short time after birth (PB‐AB) and at TEA (PB‐TEA), and 28 matched term‐born (TB) neonates in the Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) were used to construct structural networks through constrained spherical deconvolution tractography. Structural network development from preterm birth to TEA showed reduced shortest path length, clustering coefficient, and modularity, and more “connector” hubs linking disparate communities. Furthermore, compared with TB newborns, premature birth significantly altered the nodal properties (i.e., clustering coefficient, within‐module degree, and participation coefficient) in the limbic/paralimbic, default‐mode, and subcortical systems but not global topology at TEA, and we were able to distinguish the PB from TB neonates at TEA based on the nodal properties with 96.43% accuracy. Our findings demonstrated a topological reorganization of the structural network occurs during the perinatal period that may prioritize the optimization of global network organization to form a more efficient architecture; and local topology was more vulnerable to premature birth‐related factors than global organization of the structural network, which may underlie the impaired cognition and behavior in PB infants.
Examining gender differences in gig worker safety
Authors: Cox Jolene A. , Read Gemma J. M. , Butler Grant L. , Salmon Paul M.
Published: August 2023

A critical but often overlooked road safety concern is gender differences in road safety issues. The limited investigations have reported gender differences in road safety issues such as traffic accident rates and crash injuries. An emerging road safety issue is the safety of gig workers. Despite the exponential growth of the gig economy, little is known about road safety issues faced by gig workers, including gender‐specific road safety issues. The present study aimed to investigate whether there are gender differences in gig workers' involvement in road safety incidents and the likelihood of reporting incidents when gig working. Gig workers who provide, or have provided, ride‐hailing, courier, and food delivery services via digital platforms in Australia were invited to participate in an online survey on their involvement in road safety incidents and the likelihood that they would report road and personal safety incidents when gig working. Data from 71 gig workers (35 female gig workers; 36 male gig workers) were reported in the study. No gender differences were found in their involvement in road safety incidents and the likelihood of reporting road and personal safety incidents when gig working. Despite the lack of gender differences observed, findings from the study contributed to the research field and to closing the gender data gap. A research agenda is proposed for further data collection in gig work using a systems thinking approach to better our understanding of factors influencing the gendered participation in the gig workforce, and the health, safety, and wellbeing of gig workers.
Identification of women and girls with iron deficiency in the reproductive years
Authors: MacLean Beth , Sholzberg Michelle , Weyand Angela C. , Lim Jayne , Tang Grace , Richards Toby
Published: August 2023

Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world. It is of concern for women and girls of reproductive age as, despite frequent normalization, excessive menstrual blood loss and the iron demands associated with pregnancy increase the risk of developing an ID. Iron deficiency reduces health‐related quality of life with symptoms of fatigue, heart palpitations, difficulty concentrating, and poor mental health. When left untreated, ID can escalate to iron deficiency anemia (IDA), where there is an insufficiency of red blood cells, or hemoglobin within these cells, to meet the bodily demands for oxygen transport. Substantial guidance on screening for ID can be found in specific at‐risk groups, including pregnant women and patients with renal, cardiac, and inflammatory bowel disease. However, it was unclear whether guidance is available for women of reproductive age. We performed a literature search to explore the current recommendations for screening women of reproductive age for ID. While four manuscripts supportive of screening were found, no official guidance appears to exist regarding screening for this group. In line with the World Health Organization's 10 Principles of Screening, we present a case for ID screening in women and girls of reproductive age.
Electrospun composite nanofibers of deoxyribonucleic acid and polylactic acid for skincare applications
Authors: Ullah Sana , Ali Hina Ghulam , Hashmi Motahira , Haider Md. Kaiser , Ishaq Tehmeena , Tamada Yasushi , Park Soyoung , Kim Ick Soo
Published: August 2023

The development of useful biomaterials has resulted in significant advances in various fields of science and technology. The demand for new biomaterial designs and manufacturing techniques continues to grow, with the goal of building a sustainable society. In this study, two types of DNA‐cationic surfactant complexes were synthesized using commercially available deoxyribonucleic acid from herring sperm DNA (hsDNA, <50 bp) and deoxyribonucleic acid from salmon testes DNA (stDNA, ~2000 bp). The DNA‐surfactant complexes were blended with a polylactic acid (PLA) biopolymer and electrospun to obtain nanofibers, and then copper nanoparticles were synthesized on nanofibrous webs. Scanning electron microscopic images showed that all nanofibers possessed uniform morphology. Interestingly, different diameters were observed depending on the base pairs in the DNA complex. Transmission electron microscopy showed uniform growth of copper nanoparticles on the nanofibers. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy spectra confirmed the uniform blending of both types of DNA complexes in PLA. Both stDNA‐ and hsDNA‐derived nanofibers showed greater biocompatibility than native PLA nanofibers. Furthermore, they exerted significant antibacterial activity in the presence of copper nanoparticles. This study demonstrates that DNA is a potentially useful material to generate electrospun nanofibrous webs for use in biomedical sciences and technologies.
GSTT1 as a Predictive Marker and Enhancer for Osteogenic Potential of Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells
Authors: Lee Eugene , Moon Jae-Yeon , Ko Ji-Yun , Park Seo-Young , Im Gun-Il
Published: August 2023

Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) have been extensively studied as cell sources for regenerative medicine for bone because of their excellent proliferative capacity and the ability to obtain a large number of cells with minimal donor morbidity. On the other hand, the differentiation potential of ASCs is generally lower than that of bone marrow-derived stromal/stem cells and varies greatly depending on donors. In this study, we mined a marker that can predict the osteogenic potential of ASC clones and also investigated the usefulness of the molecule as the enhancer of osteogenic differentiation of ASCs as well as its mechanism of action. Through RNA-seq gene analysis, we discovered that GSTT1 (Glutathione S-transferase theta-1) was the most distinguished gene marker between highly osteogenic and poorly osteogenic ASC clones. Knockdown of GSTT1 in high osteogenic ASCs by siGSTT1 treatment reduced mineralized matrix formation. On the other hand, GSTT1 overexpression by GSTT1 transfection or GSTT1 recombinant protein treatment enhanced osteogenic differentiation of low osteogenic ASCs. Metabolomic analysis confirmed significant changes of metabolites related to bone differentiation in ASCs transfected with GSTT1. A high total antioxidant capacity, low levels of cellular reactive oxygen species, and increased GSH/GSSG ratios were also detected in GSTT1-transfected ASCs. When the in vivo effect of GSTT1-transfected ASCs on bone regeneration was investigated with segmental long-bone defect model in rats, bone regeneration was significantly better after implantation of GSTT1-transfected ASCs compared with that of control vector-transfected ASCs. In conclusion, GSTT1 can be a useful marker to screen the highly osteogenic ASC clones and also a therapeutic factor to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of poorly osteogenic ASC clones. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Genomic analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 in forensic autopsy cases of COVID‐19
Authors: Hirata Yuichiro , Katano Harutaka , Iida Shun , Mine Sohtaro , Nagasawa Sayaka , Makino Yohsuke , Motomura Ayumi , Ozono Seiya , Sato Yuko , Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Kuroda Makoto , Yamaguchi Rutsuko , Inokuchi Go , Torimitsu Suguru , Akitomi Shinji , Yajima Daisuke , Saitoh Hisako , Suzuki Tadaki , Iwase Hirotaro
Published: August 2023

Numerous genomic analyses of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) have been conducted, highlighting its variations and lineage transitions. Despite the importance of forensic autopsy in investigating deaths due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), including out‐of‐hospital deaths, viral genomic analysis has rarely been reported due in part to postmortem changes. In this study, various specimens were collected from 18 forensic autopsy cases with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed the distribution of the virus in the body, primarily in the respiratory organs. Next‐generation sequencing determined the complete genome sequences in 15 of the 18 cases, although some cases showed severe postmortem changes or degradation of tissue RNA. Intrahost genomic diversity of the virus was identified in one case of death due to COVID‐19. The accumulation of single‐nucleotide variations in the lung of the case suggested the intrahost evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2. Lung of the case showed diffuse alveolar damage histologically and positivity for SARS‐CoV‐2 by immunohistochemical analysis and in situ hybridization, indicating virus‐associated pneumonia. This study provides insights into the feasibility of genomic analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 in forensic autopsy cases and the potential for uncovering important information in COVID‐19 deaths, including out‐of‐hospital deaths.
NLRC4 promotes the cGAS‐STING signaling pathway by facilitating CBL‐mediated K63‐linked polyubiquitination of TBK1
Authors: Zhang Rongzhao , Yang Wenxian , Zhu Huifang , Zhai Jingbo , Xue Mengzhou , Zheng Chunfu
Published: August 2023

TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is crucial in producing type Ⅰ interferons (IFN‐Ⅰ) that play critical functions in antiviral innate immunity. The tight regulation of TBK1, especially its activation, is very important. Here we identify NLRC4 as a positive regulator of TBK1. Ectopic expression of NLRC4 facilitates the activation of the IFN‐β promoter, the mRNA levels of IFN‐β, ISG54, and ISG56, and the nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factor 3 induced by cGAS and STING. Consistently, under herpes simplex virus‐1 (HSV‐1) infection, knockdown or knockout of NLRC4 in BJ cells and primary peritoneal macrophages from Nlrc4‐deficient (Nlrc4−/−) mice show attenuated Ifn‐β, Isg54, and Isg56 mRNA transcription, TBK1 phosphorylation, and augmented viral replications. Moreover, Nlrc4−/− mice show higher mortality upon HSV‐1 infection. Mechanistically, NLRC4 facilitates the interaction between TBK1 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL to enhance the K63‐linked polyubiquitination of TBK1. Our study elucidates a previously uncharacterized function for NLRC4 in upregulating the cGAS‐STING signaling pathway and antiviral innate immunity.
Presence of human adenovirus 36 in visceral fat tissue, viral load, and analysis of its genetic variability
Authors: Sanchez‐Aguillon Fabiola , Alarcon‐Valdes Patricia , Rojano‐Rodriguez Martin , Ibarra‐Arce Aurora , Olivo‐Diaz Angelica , Santillan‐Benitez Jonnathan Guadalupe , Martinez‐Hernandez Fernando , Maravilla Pablo , Romero‐Valdovinos Mirza
Published: August 2023

It has been proposed that infection by adipogenic viruses constitutes a “low risk” factor for obesity. Here, we report the presence of adenovirus 36 (Ad36) and its viral load copy number in fat tissue of participants with obesity and normal weight; phylogenetic analysis was performed to describe their relationship and genetic variability among viral haplotypes. Adipose tissue obtained from 105 adult patients with obesity (cases) and 26 normal‐weight adult participants as controls were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) amplifying the partial Ad36 E1a gene. The amplicons were examined by melting curves and submitted to sequencing. Then, genetic diversity and phylogenetic inferences were performed. Ad36 was identified at rates of 82% and 46% in the case and control groups, respectively (p = 1.1 × 10−4, odds ratio = 5.28); viral load copies were also significantly different between both groups, being 25% higher in the case group. Melting curve analysis showed clear amplification among positive samples. Phylogenetic inferences and genetic diversity analyses showed that the Ad36 E1a gene exhibits low genetic variability and differentiation with strong gene flow due to an expanding process. Our results suggest that the phenomenon of infectobesity by Ad36 might not be a low‐risk factor, as has been previously argued by other authors.
Patient‐reported outcome tools in musculoskeletal oncology
Authors: Vijayakumar Gayathri , Blank Alan T.
Published: August 2023

Patient‐reported outcomes (PRO) are collected directly from the patient and have become increasingly utilized in the clinical setting and in clinical research. In musculoskeletal oncology patients, a number of patient‐reported outcomes measures (PROM) have been developed and investigated to evaluate functional outcomes and health‐related quality of life in these patients. With the growing evidence for PROM in musculoskeletal oncology patients, PROM should be considered for the clinical care of these patients.
Anisotropically weighted Lq$L^q$‐Lr$L^r$ estimates of the Oseen semigroup in exterior domains, with applications to the Navier–Stokes flow past a rigid body
Authors: Takahashi Tomoki
Published: August 2023

We consider the spatial–temporal behavior of the Navier–Stokes flow past a rigid body in . This paper develops analysis in Lebesgue spaces with anisotropic weights , which naturally arise in the asymptotic structure of fluid when the translational velocity of the body is parallel to thex1‐direction. We derive anisotropically weighted ‐ estimates for the Oseen semigroup in exterior domains. As applications of those estimates, we study the stability/attainability of the Navier–Stokes flow in anisotropically weighted spaces to get the spatial–temporal behavior of nonstationary solutions.
Multiband bandpass filter with asymmetric dual‐band response based on metacell
Authors: Hugar Shobha , Baligar Jambunath , Dakulagi Veerendra , Alimovna Pardayeva Zulfizar
Published: August 2023

The impressive growth in present‐day wireless communication systems demands compact, low‐power, cost‐effective, planar multiband microwave devices to increase the speed of communication and reduce hardware requirements, which subsequently reduce the power requirement of the system. Accordingly, this article aims to design a multiband microstrip bandpass filter with asymmetric dual‐band response based on metacell. The proposed filter is designed for wide and narrow dual‐band responses with fractional bandwidths of 72% and 2.6%, respectively. For the first time in this article, a new application of metacell in the design of dual‐band filters is discussed. A folded asymmetric step‐impedance resonator and a novel metacell structure—Dual loop split ring resonators are used to obtain wideband and dual‐band responses, respectively. The proposed work discusses the design methodology, and analysis of metacell structure based on a quasistatic model and compares simulation results with experimental results. The proposed dual‐band filter presents an insertion loss (S21) of less than 1 dB and input reflection coefficient (S11) greater than 10 dB in both passbands centered at 3.3 and 5.7 GHz. The designed filter is suitable for wireless communication applications—Wireless Access in the Vehicular Environment.
Prediction of Hearing Prognosis After Intact Canal Wall Mastoidectomy With Tympanoplasty Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Lim Sung Jin , Jeon Eun‑Tae , Baek Namyoung , Chung Young Han , Kim Sang Yeop , Song Insik , Rah Yoon Chan , Oh Kyoung Ho , Choi June
Published: August 2023

Objective

To evaluate the performance of a machine learning model and the effects of major prognostic factors on hearing outcomes following intact canal wall (ICW) mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty.

Study Design

Retrospective cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Tertiary hospital.

Methods

A total of 484 patients with chronic otitis media who underwent ICW tympanomastoidectomy between January 2007 and December 2020 were included in this study. Successful hearing outcomes were defined by a postoperative air‐bone gap (ABG) of ≤20 dB and preoperative air conduction (AC)‐postoperative AC value of ≥15 dB according to the Korean Otological Society guidelines for outcome reporting after chronic otitis media surgery. The light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) models were tested as artificial intelligence models and compared using logistic regression. The main outcome assessed was the successful hearing outcome after surgery, measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).

Results

In the analysis using the postoperative ABG criterion, the LightGBM exhibited a significantly higher AUROC compared to those of the baseline model (mean, 0.811). According to the difference between preoperative and postoperative AC, the MLP showed a significantly higher AUROC than those of the baseline model (mean, 0.795).

Conclusion

This study analyzed multiple factors that could affect the hearing outcome using different artificial intelligence models and found that preoperative hearing status was the most important factor. Our findings provide additional information regarding postoperative hearing for clinicians.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy respiratory profiles from real world registry data
Authors: Hnaini Mona , Downs Matt , Miller Michael R. , Campbell Craig , St‐Laurent Aaron
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Understanding real‐world profiles from neuromuscular databases is helpful for optimizing clinical care and planning research studies. The Canadian Neuromuscular Disease Registry (CNDR) has respiratory data from a population of boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).

Objectives

To describe cross‐sectional respiratory profiles from a national DMD real‐world dataset. To explore the relationship between forced vital capacity percent predicted (FVC%) and disease severity parameters: scoliosis, ambulation and ventilation status.

Methods

Descriptive statistics summarized the respiratory profiles. The CNDR registry enrolls and collects DMD clinic data from 36 Canadian centers.

Results

There were 414 participants enrolled. The age ranged from 2 to 36 years old. Pulmonary function test data were available for 323 participants. The use of ventilatory support was seen in a significant proportion (19.5%) of subjects by age 14–16 years and was used by the majority (69.2%) by age 20–22 years. FVC% declined at a rate of 3.19% per year with every 1‐year increase in age. FVC% declined annually by 2.47% in nonambulatory participants versus by 0.96% in ambulatory participants. FVC% did not significantly change over age with the presence of scoliosis or use of ventilatory technology.

Conclusions

The data from this large cohort are valuable for understanding real‐world patterns of clinical care and disease progression. There is a significant association between the loss of ambulation and the rate of FVC% decline. Further longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the impact of disease parameters on pulmonary function decline and the need for ventilatory support.
Impact of intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors on early‐onset lung disease in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Huang Leslie , Lai HuiChuan J. , Song Jie , Zhao Zijie , Lu Qiongshi , Murali Sangita G. , Brown Donna M. , Worthey Elizabeth A. , Farrell Philip M.
Published: August 2023

Background

Although respiratory pathology is known to develop in young children with cystic fibrosis (CF), the determinants of early‐onset lung disease have not been elucidated.

Objective

We aimed to determine the impact of potential intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors during the first 3 years of life, testing the hypothesis that both contribute significantly to early‐onset CF lung disease.

Design

We studied 104 infants born during 2012–2017, diagnosed through newborn screening by age 3 months, and evaluated comprehensively to 36 months of age. Lung disease manifestations were quantified with a new scoring system known as CFELD for Cystic Fibrosis Early‐onset Lung Disease. The variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene were determined and categorized. Whole genome sequencing was performed on each subject and the data transformed to polygenic risk scores (PRS) that aggregate variants associated with lung function. Extrinsic factors included socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and environmental experiences such as exposures to smoking, pets, and daycare.

Results

We found by univariate analysis that CFTR genotype and genetic modifiers aggregated by the PRS method were significantly associated with early‐onset CF lung disease. Ordinal logistic regression analysis demonstrated that high and stable SES (maternal education ≥community college, stable 2‐parent home, and not receiving Medicaid) and better growth (weight‐for‐age and height‐for‐age z‐scores) reduced risks, while exposure to smoking and daycare ≥20 h/week increased the risk of CFELD severity.

Conclusions

Extrinsic, modifiable determinants are influential early and potentially as important as the intrinsic risk factors in the onset of CF lung disease.
Adaptive sliding mode control for semi‐Markov jump uncertain discrete‐time singular systems
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng , Kao Yonggui , Xie Jing
Published: August 2023

This note is devoted to the analysis of adaptive sliding mode control of H/passivity of semi‐Markov jump discrete‐time uncertain singular systems. We consider the constraints of parameter uncertainties, unknown nonlinear functions, and external disturbances throughout the model. Firstly, a novel mode‐independent sliding mode surface is constructed, then the sliding mode dynamic equation under the equivalent controller is obtained. Secondly, by introducing virtual points, several sufficiency criteria are derived for the sliding mode dynamic ensuring H/passive performance and stochastic admissibility with linear matrix inequalities form. Thirdly, the state trajectory can be driven into a switching band containing the origin by adaptive sliding mode control techniques. Finally, the effectiveness of our findings is demonstrated by comparing existing strategies with three simulation examples.
Research on coupled socio‐ecohydrological systems—implementing a highly integrative and interdisciplinary research agenda in the Doctoral School “Human River Systems in the 21st Century (HR21)”
Authors: Hein Thomas , Auhser Alexander , Byekwaso Flavia , Graf Wolfram , Hoevel Adriane , Schmid Martin , Stockinger Michael , Stumpp Christine , Tschikof Martin , Tuerk Hatice , Weigelhofer Gabriele
Published: August 2023

The access to an adequate quantity and quality of water is vital to sustain healthy ecosystems and human socioeconomic development. However, the shift from an agrarian, solar energy based to an industrialized, fossil fuel‐based socio‐metabolic regime has put natural water resources under stress and led to dramatic transformations of riverine landscapes in the Anthropocene. Thus, we need interdisciplinary research approaches that integrate the knowledge and methods from ecology, humanities, and engineering. The Doctoral School “Human River Systems in the 21st Century” (HR21) studies riverine landscapes as coupled socio‐ecohydrological systems (SEHS) within four research clusters, that is, connectivity, metabolism, vulnerability, and governance. HR21 analyzes the transformation processes and coevolution of nature and society in rivers and their response to future environmental, social, cultural, and economic drivers of change. HR21 aims to improve the understanding of the coupling of the socioeconomic, ecological, and hydrological systems within industrialized riverine landscapes to support their urgent, more sustainable transformation. To discuss how this agenda can be implemented, five different HR21 PhD projects are presented, clearly routed in one scientific domain, applying a combination of the research clusters and addressing various topics: (i) hydropower effects in high alpine river ecosystems, (ii) wastewater impacts on carbon storage and greenhouse gas fluxes in tropical wetlands, (iii) the nutrient retention and ecosystem service potential of floodplains in large river catchments, and the influence of hydrometeorological variables on (iv) the runoff response and on (v) the transit time distribution of runoff, both impacting water resource management at the basin level. These examples highlight how disciplinary PhD research can be framed within an interdisciplinary research agenda to coupled SEHS.
Analyzing the blockades to electric vehicle mobility in an emerging economy: Toward a triple bottom line sustainable development
Authors: Gahlaut Tushar , Dwivedi Gourav , Dwivedi Ashish
Published: August 2023

The emerging economies are moving toward electric vehicles (EVs), which are much sustainable means of transportation. However, many social, economic, and technological blockades of EV mobility remain to be addressed. The study investigates social, economic, and technological blockades for e‐mobility in an emerging economy and simultaneously concentrating on their existing and future business implications. Identification of e‐mobility blockades is obtained through literature review and consensus of the experts. Kappa analysis is used to strain the priority map of the mentioned blockades on the basis of developing consensus among experts. Thereafter, a multi criteria decision making approach that is, best‐worst method is adopted to rank the identified potential blockades. The study models the social, economic, and technological blockades of EV mobility in context of emerging economy. To cater blockades in a desired sequence, the study further suggests the ranking sequence of blockades to enhance e‐mobility toward sustainable development. The findings from the study reveals that “costs associated with EVs and “the lack of government policies, standards, and regulations” are the most important blockades to sustainable EV adoption. Thus, the organizations and the Government need to find ways to reduce the cost of EVs and simultaneously should plan and develop policies to enhance EV adoption and to reduce the usage of gasoline vehicles. The third most important blockade that is, “low demand due to undetermined sustainable benefits” indicates that there is an urgent need to spread awareness among the consumers about the sustainable benefits for the adoption of EVs. Further, the sensitivity analysis reveals that sensitivity range for weightage of the group of academicians lies between 0.3 and 0.7 on a scale of 1. If more weightage is provided to the practical scenario, it is discovered that “location of charging station (BEV4)” is more important than “lack of flexible distribution network (BEV2)” to enhance the amount of EV adoption in India. The study provides insights to practitioners dealing with e‐mobility in emerging economies, showing the appropriate sequence of the blockades to help them build up strategies to mitigate these blockades.
1.2: Speckle suppression method using high‐frequency driving current to semiconductor laser diode
Authors: Feng Wang , Guo Dabo , Yuan Guang , Dong Lihua
Published: August 2023

Suppression of speckle noise is a key issue in the development and utilization of laser display and illumination. Many approaches to reduce the speckle contrast in laser display systems have been proposed and developed. A practical high frequency laser driver circuit is designed and developed to drive green semiconductor lasers. Speckle contrast under different driving frequencies from 100Hz to 15Mhz was tested by using a speckle contrast measurement system, the speckle contrast of green laser decreased from 13.35% to 5.23%. The results show that the modulation of high frequency current of the semiconductor laser diode will destroy the coherence of the laser light and reduce the speckle contrast. The effectiveness of this method to depress speckle noise was verified.
8.1: Invited Paper: 17‐inch Flexible IGZO OLED Display by Ink‐jet Printing Method
Authors: Han Baixiang , Li Hua , Li Guangyao , Zhang Peng , Yang Xudong , Qin ShiKai , Huang Rong , Chen Zhiyi , Zhang Huajie , Hsu YuanJun , Cao Weiran , Wu Yuan-Chun
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we present a 17‐inch foldable printed OLED display based on flexible IGZO‐TFT backplane. To achieve high image quality, 4T1C pixel circuit with internal compensation function and a novel GOA circuit were exploited, flat R/G/B films were formed by mura free ink‐jet printing technology, in consequence, the printed OLED displays achieved 400 nit brightness and more than 90% uniformity. The electrical stability of flexible IGZO‐TFT was improved by optimizing the interface between the oxide layer and the adjacent film layer. Cooperated with efficient barrier characteristics flexible encapsulation technology, this panel passed the reliability test under high temperature and humidity. Therefore, the IGZO‐IJP technology was successfully applied to foldable note book displays and the bending radius is 4 mm.
30.2: Invited Paper: Universal Description of FET Mobility of TFTs in Terms of Debye Length, Accumulation Layer Thickness and Film Thickness
Authors: Zeumault Andre
Published: August 2023

A material agnostic modeling framework is presented for
predicting film thickness and Debye length scaling of electrical
performance in TFTs. Material parameters for a‐IGZO are used
to demonstrate the predictive capability of the model, which is
applied to identify theoretical maxima of field effect mobility
within a large parameter space of Debye length and film
thickness. Since FET mobility is a key performance metric in
contemporary a‐IGZO TFTs for AMOLED applications, the
utility of this approach is timely in its ability to provide clearer
direction to optimize performance within a highly sensitive
parameter space.
50.5: Pupil Swim Measurement and Analysis of Near‐eye displays
Authors: Rui Congshan , Zhao Lei , Hou Tianwen , Liang Jiaojiao , Wang Chaohao
Published: August 2023

Pupil swim is defined as the perceived change of image quality as
the eye moves or rotates within the system pupil or eyebox. This will
lead to the change of image distortion, lateral chromatic
aberration, and MTF. Pupil swim will make people uncomfortable
as the eye rotates off the center axis and across the lens. Even with
perfect distortion correction at the center viewing position the user
will still experience some distortion when moving the eye around
because the distortion field at the edge is different than the field in
the center. In this paper, pupil swim is measured using near-eyedisplay measurement system and the change of image displacement
and distortion are calculated. The simulation and measurement
results show the virtual image under different pupil position has
shifted and the distortion at different pupil position is different.
P‐3.1: Research on Display Brightness Perception and Visual Comfort Representation Model
Authors: He Nailong , Zhang Yuning , Huang Chenyu , Wang Wei , Wang Baoping
Published: August 2023

People's perception of brightness and visual comfort in different light environments are important indicators of display products. The perception of the brightness of the human eye is often different from the actual brightness of the display. This is because there is a difference between the perceived brightness and the physical brightness. The luminous body of the same physical brightness may give people different feelings, thus producing different perceived brightness. In the complex optical environment, the existing photoelectric measurement parameters may not be able to accurately describe the perception effect of the display device. The research on perceived brightness and visual comfort has a long history, but in view of the increasingly complex light environment and the development of diversified display equipment, the perceptual brightness model needs to be further modified and improved. Based on the modeling research of perceived brightness, this paper studies the perception mechanism of human eyes, analyzes the shortcomings of the current mainstream or new display devices, and proposes a more comfortable display technology based on people's viewing habits, ambient light and display content.
P‐11.3: Manufacturing Quantum Dot Pixel Array via Self‐Assembling on Hydrophobic‐Hydrophilic Transformation Substrate
Authors: Hu Haikun , Lu Zhou , Li Jiasheng , Li Zongtao
Published: August 2023

Quantum dots (QDs) have been considered next-generation display fluorescent conversion materials due to their excellent color purity and photoluminescence quantum yield. In order to integrate QD with Micro/Mini-LED and other microdevices efficiently, it is necessary to fabricate micro-scale QD pixel arrays. Photolithography is an effective method for fine pattern processing, but conventional photolithographic procedures need to compound QD with a photosensitive curing matrix, which is not conducive to obtaining high color purity QD pixels. Therefore, a QD self-assembly strategy based on a hydrophobic-hydrophilic transformation substrate is proposed, combining ultraviolet (UV) mask exposure and surface charge modification technology to manufacture a high-purity QD pixel array. In this paper, the hydrophobic-hydrophilic transformation substrate is prepared by polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/TiO2 hybrid fibrous membrane substrate. By changing the thickness of the substrate and analyzing its threshold of the photocatalysis time and pattern accuracy combined with the transmittance after encapsulation, the optimal substrate thickness is about 30 um. On this basis, the surface charge of the fibrous membrane is further modified by poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) to enhance the self-assembly performance of the QD in the hydrophilic region. The dimensional accuracy and optical characteristic of the QD pixel array have been studied in detail. The color average degree is 96.4%, the consistency is 94.5%, and the dimensional accuracy error is 5.2%. The spectrum of the QD pixel is almost the same as the QD solution, and the transmittance of the films is up to 88.8% under the visible light wave band, which has excellent optical performance. Therefore, this strategy is beneficial for efficiently manufacturing the high-purity QD pixel array, which has a broad application prospect in the high-resolution display field of Micro/Mini light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
P‐12.12: Development and Application of High Birefringence Liquid Crystal Materials
Authors: Li Jian , Li Juanli , Hu Minggang , Wan Danyang , Mo Lingchao , Che Zhaoyi , Yang Xiaozhe , Zhang Lu
Published: August 2023

The development of new liquid crystal optoelectronic devices, including laser phase modulation, microwave and terahertz devices, requires liquid crystal materials with high birefringence. In this paper, three new molecular design strategies are proposed, including the introduction of olefin chain, lateral fluorine substitution and new ring core. Four new series of isothiocyanate liquid crystal compounds with high birefringence, low melting point and wide nematic temperature range were synthesized. Based on these new liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal mixture with nematic temperature range of ‐40~146 ºC and birefringence of 0.42 was developed. At 19 GHz, the new liquid crystal mixture shows excellent dielectric properties, with dielectric anisotropy of 1.28 and dielectric loss of 0.0087. The new liquid crystal mixture also has very low viscoelastic coefficient. The results at 1550nm and 60 ºC show that the response speed can reach 3.6 milliseconds with 2π phase modulation in the reflection mode.
Positron Emission Tomography Studies of the Biodistribution, Translocation, and Fate of Poly Allyl Amine‐Based Carriers for Sirna Delivery by Systemic and Intratumoral Administration
Authors: Simo Cristina , Salvador Cristian , Andreozzi Patrizia , Gomez‐Vallejo Vanessa , Romero Gabriela , Dupin Damien , Llop Jordi , Moya Sergio E.
Published: August 2023

Polyamine‐based vectors offer many advantages for gene therapy, but they are hampered by a limited knowledge on their biological fate and efficacy for nucleic acid delivery. The 18F radiolabeled siRNA is complexed with poly(allyl amine) hydrochloride (PAH), PEGylated PAH (PAHPEG), or oleic acid‐modified PAH (PAHOleic) to form polyplexes, and injected them intravenously into healthy rodents. The biodistribution patterns obtained by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging vary according to the polymer used for complexation. Free siRNA is quickly eliminated through the bladder. PAH and oleic acid modify PAH polyplexes accumulate in the lungs and liver. No elimination through the bladder is observed for PAH and PAHOleic within 2 h after administration. PAHPEG polyplexes accumulate in kidneys and are eliminated through the bladder. Polyplexes prepared with 18F‐labeled oleic acid‐modified PAH and non‐labeled siRNA show similar biodistribution to those prepared with labeled siRNA, but with more accumulation in the lungs due to the presence of non‐complexed polymer. Intravenous administration of PAHOleic polyplexes in tumor models results in a limited availability of siRNA. When PAHOleic polyplexes are administered intratumorally in tumor bearing rodents, ≈40% of the radioactivity is retained in the tumor after 180 min while free siRNA is completely eliminated.
MDBs Versus MIBs in Case of Multiple Hypotheses: A Study in Context of Deformation Analysis
Authors: Zaminpardaz Safoora , Teunissen Peter J. G.
Published: August 2023

Statistical testing procedures employed in geodetic quality control often consist of two steps: detection and identification. In the detection step, the null hypothesis (working model)
$$\mathcal {H}_0$$

ℋ

0

undergoes a validity check. If the outcome of the detection step is the rejection of
$$\mathcal {H}_0$$

ℋ

0

, identification of potential source of model error is exercised through a search among the specified alternative hypotheses. The testing performance is thus not only led by its ability to detect biases but to correctly identify them as well. The detection capability of a testing regime is usually assessed by its Minimal Detectable Bias (MDB) given a certain correct detection probability. The information provided by the MDB only concerns correct detection and not correct identification. The testing identification performance should be evaluated by its Minimal Identifiable Bias (MIB) given a certain correct identification probability. In this contribution, we demonstrate the difference between MDB and MIB. It is hereby highlighted that a small MDB (or a high probability of correct detection) does not necessarily imply a small MIB (or a high probability of correct identification). The factors driving the difference between detection and identification performance are illustrated using a simple example. Our analysis is then continued in the framework of deformation monitoring.
Near-infrared indocyanine green fluorescent cholangiography in urgent and emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a preliminary study after propensity score-matched study
Authors: Losurdo Pasquale , Giunta Carlotta , Modica Anna , de Manzini Nicolò , Bortul Marina
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Bile duct injury is a major complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography (ICG-NIFC) is a well-recognized technique who provides an intraoperative mapping of the biliary system.

Methods

All patients underwent urgent LC and randomly divided into two groups: in one group, only white light imaging was used and, in the ICG group, ICG was used. Due to the heterogeneity of our groups, a PSM was performed with a 1:1 PSM cohort.

Results

The use of ICG clearly decreases the operation time (p value 0.002). The overall rate of intra- and post- operative complications was 4.17% and 15.8% respectively. Post-operative biliary duct injury trend decreases in ICG group and after the homogenization of the 2 cohorts, the intra- and post- operative complications (including vascular and biliary duct injury) results changed with a highest rate of complication in the cohort with no-ICG administration.

The use of NIFC demonstrated a protective effect against intra- and post- operative complications and biliary duct injury (HR 0.037, p value 0.337 and HR 0.039, p value 0.647; HR 0.288; p value 0.05 and HR 0.635; p value 0.687, respectively).

Conclusions

The intra-operative use of NIFC showed a trend in the reduction of the rate of intra- and post-operative complications, the duration of surgery, and the length of hospital stay. ICG is a highly safe approach to urgent and emergency LC, as for elective LC, and could lead the surgeon to conduct the procedure more efficiently.
Asymptotic isoperimetry on non collapsed spaces with lower Ricci bounds
Authors: Antonelli Gioacchino , Pasqualetto Enrico , Pozzetta Marco , Semola Daniele
Published: August 2023

This paper studies sharp and rigid isoperimetric comparison theorems and asymptotic isoperimetric properties for small and large volumes on N-dimensional $$\textrm{RCD}(K,N)$$

RCD
(
K
,
N
)

spaces $$(X,\textsf {d},\mathscr {H}^N)$$

(
X
,
d
,

H
N

)

. Moreover, we obtain almost regularity theorems formulated in terms of the isoperimetric profile and enhanced consequences at the level of several functional inequalities. Most of our statements seem to be new even in the classical setting of smooth, non compact manifolds with lower Ricci curvature bounds. The synthetic theory plays a key role via compactness and stability arguments.
Classification of anisotropic Triebel-Lizorkin spaces
Authors: Koppensteiner Sarah , van Velthoven Jordy Timo , Voigtlaender Felix
Published: August 2023

This paper provides a characterization of expansive matrices $$A \in \textrm{GL}(d, {\mathbb {R}})$$

A
∈
GL
(
d
,
R
)

generating the same anisotropic homogeneous Triebel–Lizorkin space $$\dot{\textbf{F}}^{\alpha }_{p,q}(A)$$

F
˙

p
,
q

α

(
A
)

for $$\alpha \in {\mathbb {R}}$$

α
∈
R

and $$p,q \in (0,\infty ]$$

p
,
q
∈
(
0
,
∞
]

. It is shown that $$\dot{\textbf{F}}^{\alpha }_{p,q}(A) = \dot{\textbf{F}}^{\alpha }_{p,q}(B)$$

F
˙

p
,
q

α

(
A
)

=

F
˙

p
,
q

α

(
B
)

if and only if the homogeneous quasi-norms $$\rho _A, \rho _B$$

ρ
A

,

ρ
B

associated to the matrices A, B are equivalent, except for the case $$\dot{\textbf{F}}^0_{p, 2} = L^p$$

F
˙

p
,
2

0

=

L
p

with $$p \in (1,\infty )$$

p
∈
(
1
,
∞
)

. The obtained results complement and extend the classification of anisotropic Hardy spaces $$H^p(A) = \dot{\textbf{F}}^{0}_{p,2}(A)$$

H
p

(
A
)

=

F
˙

p
,
2

0

(
A
)

, $$p \in (0,1]$$

p
∈
(
0
,
1
]

, in Bownik (Mem Am Math Soc 164(781):vi+122, 2003).
Quantum optimal control theory for a molecule interacting with a plasmonic nanoparticle
Authors: Rosa Marta , Dall’Osto Giulia , Cammi Roberto , Corni Stefano
Published: August 2023

In this work, we extend the quantum optimal control theory of molecules subject to laser pulses to the case of molecules close to plasmonic metal nanoparticles. Explicitly including the nanoparticle dielectric response in the system Hamiltonian, the electronic dynamics for the molecule in the presence of the laser pulse is coupled with the polarization dynamics of the nanoparticle itself. A characteristic feature of a plasmonic environment is that it both amplifies the laser pulse field and introduces nonlocal time effects (a behavior of inherent interest for the quantum optimal control theory), impacting on the shape of the optimized light pulse. The optimal control theory is formulated using a genetic algorithm; numerical examples of a target molecule and nanoparticles of different shapes are presented and discussed.
Objective Definition and Optimized Strategy for “Biologically Borderline Resectable” Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Takamoto Takeshi , Nara Satoshi , Ban Daisuke , Mizui Takahiro , Murase Yoshiki , Esaki Minoru , Shimada Kazuaki , Hashimoto Takuya , Makuuchi Masatoshi
Published: August 2023

Background

The prognostic benefit of preoperative chemotherapy leading to conversion surgery for unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is well recognized, while that of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) compared with upfront surgery (UFS) for resectable CRLM is negligible. This study aims to assess the prognostic benefit and search for optimal indication of NAC for resectable advanced CRLM by establishing an objective definition of biologically borderline resectable (bBR) CRLM.

Methods

A bicentric retrospective analysis of patients with CRLM undergoing curative‐intent initial liver resection between 2007 and 2021 was performed. An original classification matrix was established, which reassessed technical resectability using virtual hepatectomy and oncological favorability using Beppu’s nomogram. Patients with technically resectable but biologically unfavorable CRLM were classified into the bBR group. The propensity score matching analysis using preoperatively available factors was performed to assess long‐term outcomes of the bBR‐UFS and bBR‐NAC groups.

Results

Of 831 patients reviewed, 240 were categorized into the bBR group: bBR ‐UFS (n = 139) and bBR‐NAC (n = 101). Ten (10%) in the bBR‐NAC group (n = 101) experienced biological status change from unfavorable to favorable after NAC (Biological Conversion) and showed significantly longer overall survival (hazard ratio 5.63, 95% confidence interval 1.37–23.1; P = 0.016) than the bBR‐UFS group. However, after propensity score matching, no significant difference between the UFS and NAC groups (n = 67 for each) was found in long‐term outcomes.

Conclusions

NAC for bBR‐CRLM did not enhance the prognostic impact of the following liver resection, except for a limited number of optimal candidates experiencing the Biological Conversion.