bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Etymology of the name “clover” and its agro-ecological significance in the history of agriculture development
Authors: Antoniv S. F. , Zapruta O. A. , Kolisnyk I. S.
Published: August 2024

Purpose. To determine the origin of the name clover in Ukrainian and international scientific Latin and other languages on the basis of historical linguistics, folk etymology, to establish the role of this crop in the development of agriculture and civilization in early times of human history, as well as to establish how the ancestors of Ukrainians, the ancient Oriyas, knew that through the plant all natural forces are accumulated in it and the soil, which are the environmental factors that affect their growth and development. Methods. Linguistic, scientific and historical, visual, scientific hypothesis and abstraction. Results. The scientifically substantiated definition of the origin of the name of important high-protein feed crop, specifically clover of different varieties, which constitute the feed and ecological framework of agricultural landscapes is given. The introduction of the crop into the three-field crop rotation made it possible to preserve soil fertility and increase the productivity of fields in 3-4 times during the ancient historical Oriya period of European civilization created by the ancient ancestors of Ukrainians 8-12 thousand years ago. Conclusions. On the basis of scientific, historical, and linguistic analysis, the etymology and origin of the botanical scientific name of an important high-protein feed crop – clover – was determined. Its Latin name – Trifolium; Ukrainian scientific name – clover; Ukrainian folk ones – konotop, komanytsia, knyushina, orishina, christening periwinkle; Polish – koniczyna; Czech – jetel; Slovak – dateline; English – clover, trefoil; Romanian – trifol; German – klee; Russian – clover. In Ireland trifilium – white creeping clover (repens) is a Christian symbol of the Holy Trinity.
Natural and human drivers of salinity and major ion composition in United States lakes
Authors: Sun Xinyu , Cheruvelil Kendra , Hanly Patrick , Webster Katherine , Soranno Patricia
Published: August 2024

Salinity and major ion composition are important for understanding and predicting lake water quality and responses to global changes. However, little is known about salinity and major ionic composition for populations of lakes at the continental scale, nor the corresponding relationships with natural and human factors operating at multiple spatial scales. To fill these knowledge gaps, we examined the spatial patterns in salinity using specific conductance as a proxy (N=9,785 lakes) and major ion concentrations (N=1,218 lakes) across the conterminous United States. We then quantified relationships between a wide range of multi-scaled natural and human factors and both salinity and ion composition. Most lakes had relatively low salinity (median=206μS/cm), although 4% were classified as saline (>1,500μS/cm) and mostly were located in the Plains, Desert Southwest, and Southeast regions. Calcium and bicarbonate were the dominant or most common ions in 61% of US lakes, with the remaining lakes dominated by magnesium or sodium and sulfate or chloride ions. Lake salinity was strongly related to natural factors (e.g., lake elevation, soil, and hydrology) and influenced by human factors including agriculture and atmospheric deposition. Major ion composition was associated with similar natural factors, but was also strongly affected by road density, urban development, agricultural activities, and atmospheric deposition. This macroscale understanding of salinity and major ions and their complex relationships to natural and human characteristics around lakes is needed to assess, predict, and manage lake impairments from human alterations of ion chemistry.
The Origin of Forearc Depressions
Authors: Huang Chuqiao , Dashtgard Shahin , Gibson H. Daniel , Calvert Andrew
Published: August 2024

Forearc depressions form over continental subduction zones with young, slowly subducting slabs and thick trench fills. They are bound seaward by a coast range and landward by a volcanic arc such that subsidence in forearc depressions occurs between orogens and in areas characterized by plate convergence. We propose a model for forearc depression formation based on geophysical and seismic data from four circum-Pacific subduction zones. Coast range crests coincide with >100 mGal gravity anomalies, which are attributed to underplated material and indicate that underplating drives coast range uplift. Coast range crests are situated near the down-dip termini of megathrust earthquake rupture zones, showing that coast ranges overlie where subduction interface sliding behaviour transitions from frictional to semi-frictional. This transition causes subduction interface shear stress to begin decreasing with depth and triggers underplating as shear stress becomes insufficient to drag buoyant material deeper. Forearc depressions are situated landward of inter-plate seismic phenomena, indicating they overlie the hydrated forearc mantle. Forearc depressions form as counter-flexural basins over the hydrated forearc mantle; in this position the upper plate crust is not supported by the flexurally rigid slab and can bend downwards. Forearc depressions do not form over old slabs because old slabs do not exceed the temperature threshold for semi-frictional sliding prior to intersecting the mantle wedge corner. Fast convergence rates and thin trench fills promote subduction erosion along the subduction interface, thereby prohibiting the formation of coast ranges, and by extension, forearc depressions.
Tokenization changes meaning in large language models
Authors: Haslett David A.
Published: August 2024

Large language models segment many words into multiple tokens, and there is mixed evidence as to whether tokenization affects how state-of-the-art models represent meanings. Chinese characters present an opportunity to investigate this issue: They contain semantic radicals, which often convey useful information; characters with the same semantic radical tend to begin with the same one or two bytes (when using UTF-8 encodings); and tokens are common strings of bytes, so characters with the same radical often begin with the same token. This study asked GPT-4, GPT-4o, and Llama 3 whether characters contained the same radical, elicited semantic similarity ratings, and conducted odd-one-out tasks (i.e., which character is not like the others). In all cases, misalignment between tokens and radicals systematically corrupted representations of Chinese characters. In experiments comparing characters represented by single tokens to multi-token characters, the models were less accurate for single-token characters, which suggests that segmenting words into fewer, longer tokens obscures valuable information in word form and will not resolve the problems introduced by tokenization. In experiments with twelve European languages, misalignment between tokens and suffixes systematically corrupted representations of words in all three models, which suggests that the problems introduced by tokenization are pervasive.
A Field Study Shows that AR Can Facilitate Collaboration in Ship Navigation
Authors: van den Oever Floris , Sætrevik Bjørn , Fjeld Morten , Orthmann Bastian , van Beek Abel , Nordby Kjetil
Published: August 2024

Collaboration among team members is crucial in safety-critical operations like ship navigation. Augmented Reality (AR) has the potential to facilitate collaboration. Three components of collaboration it may facilitate are communication, team situation awareness, and team decision-making. To bring research on AR for ship navigation to the next technology readiness level and higher ecological validity, the current study tested an AR prototype in the field, on two voyages. A prototype of AR for collaborative ship navigation was developed in a research through design process. The prototype operates on a pair of Microsoft HoloLens 2 head-mounted displays. It displays pins on other vessels and sea markers and allows opening these pins for more information. Collaborative features include pointing with crosshairs and highlighting pins. The prototype was evaluated in a field study on three multi-day coastal voyages on two vessels. The ship crews’ prototype testing was observed, and the crews were interviewed and asked to fill in questionnaires. Data was analyzed through thematic analysis. The prototype evaluation indicates that AR has the potential to facilitate collaboration through supporting communication, team situation awareness, and team decision-making. It can facilitate situation awareness by supporting information gathering, getting an overview of the surroundings, mental mapping between 2D charts and the outside world, and increasing head-up time. It can support team situation awareness by facilitating visual communication about situation awareness. Team decision-making depends on team situation awareness. Other advantages include operator mobility and simplicity. Disadvantages include overreliance, insufficient screen quality, cognitive overload, and mediocre usability and technology acceptance. AR may be especially useful in time-critical operations in medium-busy waterways. With further development of accuracy, usability, technology acceptance, and unobtrusiveness, AR can facilitate collaboration and thus increase safety and efficiency in safety-critical operations like ship navigation.
The AI-Authorship Effect: Understanding Authenticity, Moral Disgust, and Consumer Responses to AI-Generated Marketing Communications
Authors: Kirk Colleen Patricia , Givi Julian
Published: August 2024

Seven preregistered experiments demonstrate that when consumers believe emotional marketing communications are written by an AI (vs. a human), positive word of mouth and customer loyalty are reduced. Drawing from authenticity theory, we show that this “AI-authorship effect” is attenuated for factual (vs. emotional) messages (Study 2); when an AI only edits the communication (Study 3); when a communication is signed directly by an AI (Study 4); and when consumers believe that most marketing communications are written by AI (Study WA1). Importantly, when consumers believe a communication is reused (i.e., not originally written by the sender), the effect is reversed (Study 6). This “AI-authorship effect” is serially mediated by perceived authenticity (Studies 5 and 6) and moral disgust (Studies 1-6 and WA1). These findings are evidenced using both personalized and mass communications, different emotions, businesses and organizational employees, and both hypothetical and behavioral measures.
Questionable prospective effects on burnout and exhaustion: Simulated reanalyses of cross-lagged panel models
Authors: Sorjonen Kimmo , Melin Bo , Folke Filippa , Melin Marika
Published: August 2024

Burnout and exhaustion has been extensively studied in organizational and work psychology. Studies using the cross-lagged panel models have tended to conclude, explicitly or implicitly (e.g., in the form of policy recommendations), causal prospective effects of, for example, organizational demands, job insecurity, and depression on burnout and exhaustion. However, it is well established that effects in the cross-lagged panel model may be spurious, e.g., due to correlations with residuals and regression to the mean. Here, we scrutinized 23 previously reported prospective effects on burnout/exhaustion by fitting complementary models to data that were simulated to resemble data in the evaluated studies. With one possible exception, the previously reported prospective effects did not withstand scrutiny, i.e., they appeared to be spurious. It is important for researchers to bear in mind that correlations, including effects in cross-lagged panel models, do not prove causality in order not to overinterpret findings. We recommend researchers to scrutinize findings from cross-lagged panel models by fitting complementary models to their data. If findings from complementary models converge, conclusions are corroborated. If, on the other hand, findings diverge, caution is advised and claims of causality, explicit or implicit, should probably be avoided.
Performance Analysis of V2X Services in 5G Millimeter Wave Communication
Authors: Gharti Min Prasad , Joshi Shashidhar Ram
Published: August 2024

Vehicle to everything (V2X) is the connection of vehicle and any other thing like vehicle, infrastructure, network, pedestrian etc. The emerging fifth generation (5G) cellular technology is the key enabler of digitalization of the transportation system which is still not commercialized. Millimeter band radio waves are proposed for 5G technology to get the large bandwidth. The millimeter band radio waves are highly attenuated by rain, vegetation, street lamps, buildings, etc. The emerging application in the field of vehicular industry like high density vehicle platooning, pre-crash sensing and automated overtake requires better quality of service (QoS). The results show the minimum SINR value of LoS channel is -13 dB and minimum SINR value of NLoS is -25.68 dB over the variation of distance from 10m to 400m, where the threshold SINR value is -10dB. The minimum transport block loss in the physical layer is 20% in 5 nodes whereas 60% in 40 nodes with constant distance 150m between gNB and UE in the NLoS channel. The maximum delay found is less than 1.5 millisecond. The Friis propagation loss model is used in the LoS channel whereas the millimeter wave propagation loss as well as the shadowing model is used in the NLoS channel. This research work is validated in NS3 simulator.
Opinion Mining of Customer Reviews for Online Products through Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Karki Sachit , Timalsina Arun
Published: August 2024

Sentiment essentially relates to feelings; attitudes, emotions and opinions. Sentiment Analysis refers to the practice of applying different Data Mining techniques to identify and extract subjective information from a piece of text. A person’s opinion or feelings are for the most part subjective and not facts, which means to accurately analyze an individual’s opinion or mood from a piece of text can be extremely difficult. Sentiment Analysis has gained much attention in recent years due to the importance of the automation in mining, extracting and processing information in order to analyze an individual’s opinion or mood from a piece of text. These days, Internet has become a valuable place for exchanging ideas, learning skills, sharing reviews of a product, service or movies, it makes hard to understand or identify the user’s emotion from the list of available online reviews. With Sentiment Analysis from a text analytics point of view, I am essentially looking to get an understanding of the attitude of a writer with respect to a review in a piece of text and its polarity; whether it’s positive, negative or neutral. There are different techniques and algorithms that can be used for sentiment analysis on opinion mining. This paper performs the extraction of opinions and emotions of customer from product reviews using data mining and natural language processing techniques. It focuses on opinion mining from product reviews and discusses the characteristics of reviews and describes different methods to extract corresponding opinions.
Comparative Study of k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and k-Means Algorithm in Fraud Detection
Authors: Shrestha Jendi Bade , Pokharel Suresh
Published: August 2024

Fraud detection especially in credit card is one of the challenging issues in these days. Finding irregularities is even more difficult due to high volume of data during the transaction. Many data mining techniques are applied by researchers for solving these problems. In this research, we explore K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and k-means algorithms which are widely used classification and clustering algorithms respectively. These algorithms are used in this research to find out the better among them. Moreover, we also optimize the system by finding the most dominant and influencing factor responsible for fraud which will help in effective fraud detection in case of credit card.
Insider Threat Detection using LSTM
Authors: Bhandari Durga , Pudashine Kumar
Published: August 2024

Security threats have been the major challenge for any organization. This has even been more threatening since in present days most of the organizational data are in digital form and digital data are easy to access and alter if not properly secured. While most of the threats considered are external threats like Viruses, Worms, DOS, DDOS, hacking etc. Internal threats also cannot be ignored. Many frauds, especially for organizations that perform financial transactions, are done by misusing the internal access to the data. Internal threats happen from the users who have some privileged access to the data. Finding such a threat is not only difficult but also more challenging than that from the external source. Most organizations don’t give internal threats that much consideration but lately many works have been done in the field of internal threat detection.
Travel Route Planning Using Fog-Cloud Architecture and Optimum Path Calculation
Authors: Basnet Hritik Jung , Khakurel Niranjan
Published: August 2024

Traffic flow is random and discontinuous bearing in mind the incalculable human behaviors and also because of various factors such as traveling time, fuel consumption, etc. There are also other various influential factors such as accidents, condition of roads, weather, among others which makes route planning a difficult job. Traffic congestion detection and route recommendation are major aspects while performing congestion control. The motivation of this paper is to present a route recommendation system based on a multi-layer fog-cloud architecture. We deploy Roadside Units (RSUs) which are important for calculating the information about traffic influencers such as travel time, congestion area intersections prediction, etc. A cloud service provider and a road side unit are responsible for detection of traffic and sharing of information with the help of VANET communication between vehicles that are relayed to other vehicles with the help of beacons and nearby RSUs using software defined network architecture. Road Weight Measurement (RWM) is used to detect the congestion affected roads and provide appropriate route recommendations using various fitness functions. The model can be useful for easing the concern of traffic congestion issues using optimum path calculation for finding the shortest and the fastest routes. comparison to other guidance systems.
Pendampingan Pemasaran Kapulaga Menuju Pasar Ekspor Di Desa Kalijaya, Kecamatan Banjaranyar, Kabupaten Ciamis
Authors: Apriyani Dwi , Bahar Rizki Risanto , Fitria Anita Dwy
Published: August 2024

Petani kapulaga di Desa Kalijaya sudah bertahun-tahun membudidayakan kapulaga jenis lokal (Hibrida Dompo), meskipun demikian masih banyak petani yang memilih menjual kapulaga ke tengkulak dalam kondisi basah. Padahal penjualan biji kapulaga dalam kondisi basah menyebabkan harga jual rendah dan membuat tingkat keuntungan yang diterima petani minim. Selain itu, petani juga menghadapi keterbatasan keterampilan dalam penanganan pasca panen, lemahnya kemampuan analisis kelayakan usaha, dan keterbatasan dalam memperluas pasar. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kapasitas petani dalam penanganan dan pemasaran produk kapulaga sehingga mampu menembus pasar ekspor. Kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan metode Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) dengan bentuk kegiatan berupa pendampingan dan penyuluhan. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa program pendampingan pemasaran mencapai keberhasilan dengan persentase sebesar 80,53% atau naik sebesar 29,04% dari sebelumnya. Hal ini berarti terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman petani pasca dilakukan kegiatan pemberdayaan. Keberhasilan juga ditunjukkan dengan adanya kesepakatan penawaran kerjasama antara petani dengan eksportir berupa Letter of Intent (LoI). Selain itu, hasil evaluasi kepuasan kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa seluruh indikator kepuasan mencapai skor rata-rata diatas 4,21 artinya semua indikator termasuk dalam kategori sangat sesuai.
Analisis Klasifikasi Tutupan Lahan dengan Citra Sentinel 1A Menggunakan Metode Dekomposisi Polarimetrik di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Hastoro Daffa Arbimas , Yudinugroho Maulana
Published: August 2024

Penginderaan jauh merupakan ilmu dan seni untuk mendapatkan informasi terkait suatu objek, area, maupun fenomena dengan melakukan analisis data citra satelit. Perkembangan dalam penginderaan jauh dapat dilihat dengan tersedianya citra satelit pada saat ini. Terdapat beberapa citra dengan resolusi sedang yang open source (gratis) yang salah satunya adalah citra dari satelit Sentinel. Satelit Sentinel menghasilkan output data berupa Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Teori dekomposisi polarimetrik digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan mekanisme hamburan dan sifat fisik dari target. Dekomposisi polarimetrik merupakan teknik memisahkan mekanisme hamburan secara terpisah yang dapat membantu interpretasi yang lebih baik. Keunggulan dekomposisi polarimetrik yaitu memiliki kemampuan dalam melakukan penetrasi awan yang sangat baik sehingga dapat melakukan pengambilan citra tanpa terganggu oleh awan dan juga mampu melakukan ekstraksi nilai backscatter dalam bentuk amplitudo dan fase. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis klasifikasi tutupan lahan dengan citra Sentinel 1A menggunakan metode dekomposisi polarimetrik di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta pada tahun 2023. Klasifikasi dilakukan dengan metode unsupervised wishart H-alpha angle. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hasil metode dekomposisi polarimetrik menggunakan Unsupervised wishart classification pada daerah yang mempunyai variasi vegetasi dan non vegetasi. Hasil penelitian ini kemudian dikenakan matriks konfusi dengan nilai akurasi sebesar 80,722% menggunakan pembanding yaitu citra Google Earth tahun 2022.
Aplikasi Isotop Stabil Dalam Melacak Kontaminasi Airtanah di Sekitar TPA Sarimukti
Authors: Triyadi Riska Aprilia
Published: August 2024

TPA Sarimukti merupakan TPA yang dibangun sebagai pengganti TPA Leuwigajah yang mengalami longsor. Komposisi sampah yang dibuang ke TPA Sarimukti sangat beragam. Sampah-sampah tersebut dapat mengandung bahan kimia non organik dan bahan kimia organik yang dapat membahayakan manusia bila konsentrasinya tinggi. Bahan kimia tersebut dibawa oleh air lindi (leachate) yang bergerak ke bawah melewati batuan yang mengalasi TPA ini sehingga dapat mencemari airtanah. Pengujian isotop stabil deuterium (δ2H) dan oksigen-18 (δ18O) yang didukung dengan data kimia airtanah dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui asal air sehingga dapat diketahui air yang terdapat pada lokasi tersebut telah bercampur dengan apa saja dan proses apa saja yang telah berlangsung di dalamnya. Sebanyak delapan sampel air diambil untuk digunakan dalam pengujian ion chromatography (IC), isotop deuterium (δ2H) dan oksigen-18 (δ18O). daerah penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat konsentrasi Cl-, NO2-, HCO3-, Na+, serta NH4+ yang melebihi nilai ambang batas menurut Permenkes RI No.492/MENKES/PER/ IV/2010. Hal ini mungkin disebabkan karena adanya interaksi airtanah dengan polutan di sekitar daerah penelitian, seperti sampah, limbah rumah tangga, ataupun pupuk yang digunakan pada lahan pertanian. Hasil pengujian isotop deuterium (δ2H) dan oksigen-18 (δ18O) mencerminkan adanya percampuran antara air lindi dengan airtanah di daerah penelitian. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai isotop sampel A5, SW2, SW4, dan SP2 yang berada di antara airtanah yang belum terkontaminasi (SP1) dengan air lindi serta menjauhi garis LMWL. Kata Kunci: Air lindi, isotop stabil, pencemaran airtanah, Sarimukti, TPA
مدلولات الحاجز والجدار والحدود في السردية الفلسطينية
Authors: مليطات حسني
Published: August 2024

تبحث هذه الدراسة في المعنى الدلالي للحاجز والجدار والحدود في السردية الفلسطينية الممثلة في الخطاب السردي اليومي، الناتج من "الأنشطة الحياتية" اليومية للفلسطينيين في هذه الأماكن، والخطاب السردي الأدبي، الذي أنتج مفاهيم تصوّرية مقابلة للخطابات اليومية، وبإضافة تقنيات فنيّة، استعارية، تتضمن معانيَ قولية مهمة، تضيف إلى الأدب الفلسطيني المعاصر موضوعًا محوريًّا، يناقش القيمة المعرفية للفضاءات التي خلقها الاحتلال، وجعلها جزءًا من الأماكن التي يخضع لها الجسد الفلسطيني. تكمن أهمية هذه الدراسة في كونها أولى الدراسات التي تناقش موضوع الحواجز من منظور سردي أدبي، حيث أوّلت الخطابات القولية الواردة في الأعمال المختارة، ووثّقت دور الأدب في معايشة "التجارب الحياتية" التي يعيشها الفلسطينيون، وخلصت إلى أنّ هذا الفضاء الاستعماري المُضاف يشكّل طرحًا إضافيًا من أطروحات التعبير السردي في الأدب الفلسطيني، ومن ثم، فهو فضاء استعاري، يُراد به توثيق "المسار" الذي وصلت إليه القضية الفلسطينية.
SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE SPACE PLANNING SOLUTION OF A MOBILE DOME HOUSE MADE OF WOOD
Authors:   Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kovtun V. , Arsiriy O. ,   Odesa State Maritime University, Gilodo O. ,   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Arsiriy A. ,   Odesa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: August 2024

We propose a variant of the space-planning solution of a two-story dome house, which is related to the structural one, based on a certain number of typical building structures: columns, floor panels and, of course, the bearing elements of the dome, which allows assembling the “key ready” building in a few weeks, without the use of heavy construction equipment.
Model of an industrial black currant variety for Central Russia
Authors: Sazonov F. F.
Published: August 2024

In this article, the author generalizes his own scientific observations and carries out an analysis of breeding achievements, as well as physiological and biochemical studies, into industrial black currant varieties. Account is taken of the producers’ need for regional black currant models. The priority task in the creation of an industrial variety of black currant for the conditions of Central Russia consists in obtaining genotypes capable to developing berry-producing plants with a yield per bush of 2.8 kg under a vegetation period of 130-180 days and active temperatures of up to 2000 °С. Frost resistance does not limit the area of crop distribution; however, resistance to winter thaws is an important adaptation criterion. The parameters of high plant productivity include the following: the number of fruit-bearing shoots – 18-22 ps, >15 fruit-bearing nodes, the average berry weight >2.0 g, the number of berries in a bunch – 10 ps and more, the proportion of multi-bunch nodes >20 %, the actual yield >12 t/ha. The industrial value of the variety determines its suitability for mechanical fruit harvesting. The latter operation is associated with significant costs, thus affecting the strategy of modern breeding. Mechanical harvesting imposes strict restrictions on the height and width of the bush, with preference being given to plants no higher than 1.8 m with a base width of up to 0.3 m. Industrial black currant varieties should yield fruits with >17 Brix RSV, <3 % organic acids, >7.5 % sugars, >200 mg/100 g vitamin C, >1000 mg/100 g P-active substances, >350 mg/100 g anthocyanins, >1.5 % pectin substances, >15 μg/100 g folic acid. The commercial and consumer indicators of berry quality include degustation evaluation, attractive appearance, ability to preserve fruits for a long period of time at ripening without quality reduction and falling off. The presence of this trait set in a new variety seems to be the main task in breeding the culture. This requires considerable efforts in developing, studying, and replenishing the sources of each represented trait using the created genetic collections, which will allow the proposed model to be implemented in new varieties.
SIMULTANEOUS VOLTAMMETRIC SENSOR FOR DOPAMINE, ASCORBIC ACID, AND URIC ACID USING POLY MELAMINE/ GOLD NANOPARTICLES MODIFIED CARBON PASTE ELECTRODE
Authors: M. Harsini  , Widyaningrum B.A. , D. Suryaningrum  , S. Paramesti  , A. Baktir  , G. Pari  , Priyani F.D.
Published: August 2024

Composite sensor-based carbon paste electrode (CPE) was modified with gold nanoparticles and polymelamine (AuNPs/PM/CPE) via electropolymerization and electrodeposition. The AuNPs/PM/CPE was used to investigate simultaneous dopamine, ascorbic acid, and uric acid. The surface morphology of AuNPs/PM/CPE was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical behavior was investigated using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The AuNPs/PM/CPE shows higher electrochemical activities and has a large effective surface area compared with CPE, PM/CPE, and AuNPs/CPE. Under the optimum conditions for simultaneous analysis, the AuNPs/PM/CPE exhibit a linear voltammetric response and detection of limits of calculated 0.817 µM, 0.246 µM, and 1.233 µM for dopamine, ascorbic acid, and uric acid. The AuNPs/PM/CPE presented selective sensors in the simultaneous of dopamine, ascorbic acid, and uric acid. The modified electrode was successfully applied and analyzed in the real sample of human urine and obtained satisfactory recovery.
Assessment of the natural resource potential of the agricultural territory of the Omsk region
Authors: Aksenova Yu. V. , Shmidt A. G.
Published: August 2024

The studies were conducted to assess the totality of natural resources of the agrolandscapes of the southern taiga forest, forest-steppe and steppe zones of the Omsk region. The calculation was performed using equations in which the point indicators of heat, moisture supply and soil fertility were arranged in descending order of their influence on the value of natural resource potential. Agroclimatic conditions were characterized by heat and moisture supply of zones, based on the average long-term data on the sum of air temperatures above +10 °C and precipitation per year. The soil properties were assessed for the types occupying the largest area in arable land. The most favorable conditions for agriculture have developed in the forest-steppe and steppe zones, their resources are estimated at 41…44 points and correspond to the average level. The warm and moderately humid climate of the forest-steppe is close to optimal for cultivating agricultural crops (hydrothermal coefficient 1.0…1.4). The assessment of heat and moisture supply in points was 44…60 and 37…51, respectively. In moderately hot but insufficiently humid steppe regions (hydrothermal coefficient 0.9); agroclimatic resources were assessed with the maximum number of points for the temperature regime (57…60 points) and the minimum for the amount of precipitation (25…28 points). Soil resources of the forest-steppe and steppe are represented by fertile soils: ordinary chernozems, southern and meadow-chernozem soils, the level of their fertility was estimated at 60…67 points. Saline, solonetzic varieties of these soils, as well as chernozem-meadow and meadow soils have an average level of fertility, their assessment score was 40…58. Low fertility and a minimum (34…38) score were set for solonetz. The reduced natural resource agro-potential (38 points) of the southern taiga forest zone is associated with the low quality of sod-podzolic soils (27 points). According to agroclimatic conditions, the zone is characterized as moderately warm and well-moistened (hydrothermal coefficient 1.4…1.6), the point assessment of heat supply by districts was 38…43, and moisture supply – 37…43.
The influence of precursors and technology elements on the efficiency of winter wheat cultivation in the arid conditions of the Volga region
Authors: Goryanin O. I. , Dzhangabaev B. J. , Shcherbinina E. V.
Published: August 2024

The research was carried out in order to identify promising links in crop rotation and technology elements in the cultivation of winter soft wheat in the arid conditions of the Volga region. The work was carried out in 2021–2023 in the Samara region on ordinary chernozem with a humus content of 4.0…4.5 %, hydrolyzable nitrogen – 60…70 mg/kg, mobile phosphates – 170…200 mg/kg, potassium – 180…200 mg/kg of soil (according to Chirikov). In 2021–2023, the following factors and options for cultivating Basis winter wheat were studied: precursor (factor A) – fallow land, seeded with peas (Volzhanin); elements of technology (factor B) – plowing with and without mineral fertilizers; without autumn tillage (Background), Background + biological product, Background (for all crops of crop rotation) + fertilizers, Background + fertilizers, Background + fertilizers + biological product. The prospects of the option without autumn tillage with the use of fertilizers and a biological product providing grain yield at the level of the option with plowing and fertilization, and its increase, compared with other options for fallow land by 0.13…0.63 t/ha (2.8…15.3 %), for cultivated by ‒ 0.12…0.83 t/ha were revealed (3.4…29.5 %). On average, for two parts of the crop rotation, the highest energy efficiency was established for the variant without autumn tillage and with the use of a biological product of 5.48 units, which is 0.15…0.33 units more than without the use of fertilizers and 0.72…1.05 units more than in fertilizer-intensive options. Based on the research conducted in the cultivation of winter wheat, the best precursors are peas and fallow land. With resource-saving technology, using the option without autumn tillage with the addition of ammonium nitrate at the resumption of spring vegetation (N40) and Bionex Kemi product at the end of tillering is advised. In the technology without fertilizers, it is recommended to use Bionex Kemi product at the beginning of the spring growing season of wheat.
The influence of herbicide systems and methods of basic tillage on grain productivity of peas in the conditions of the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria
Authors: Tarchokov H. Sh. , Bzhinaev F. H. , Zhurtova A. Kh.
Published: August 2024

The research was carried out in order to assess the impact of basic tillage and herbicides on weeds and grain yields of the Kadet pea variety. The work was carried out in 2016–2018 in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The soil of the experimental site is Precaucasian carbonate chernozem of heavy loamy granulometric composition. The scheme of the experiment included the following options: the method of basic tillage (factor A) ‒ dump plowing of PLN-4-35 to a depth of 25…28 cm; non-shaft flat-cutting treatment of CNG-2.2 by 25…28 cm; non-shaft chisel treatment of ACP-2.5 with chisel paws by 16…18 cm; herbicides (factor B) ‒ without herbicides; Tristar, CS 2.5 l/ha, applied to the surface layer of the soil before germination for «blind» harrowing; Garnison, VR 2.0 l/ ha (processing of crops in the phase of 3…5 leaves of culture); Tristar, CS 2.0 l/ha + Garnison, VR 2.0 l/ha. The maximum death of weeds in the experiment was recorded on 28…30 days after chemical treatment of crops in the Tristar application variant, soil action COP at a dose of 2.0 l/ha against the background of dump plowing (81.2 %). The use of herbicides Garnison, VR and Tristar, CS 2.0 l/ha was the most effective when used in combination, regardless of the methods of basic tillage (75…79 % of weed death). Reducing the contamination of crops by the end of the growing season contributed to an increase in the yield of pea grain from 2.2…2.6 to 2.4…2.9 t/ha. The largest increase in the experiment in the amount of 0.5 and 0.6 t/ha was noted when using Tristar CS herbicides, 2.0 l /ha in combination with the introduction of Garnison, VR in the same dosage, but for vegetative plants.
Challenges and solutions in teaching endocrinology: Insights from Moroccan university students
Authors: Azzi Oumaima , Boumediane Manar Ben , Laamech Jawhar , Janati-Idrissi Rachid , Zerhane Rajae
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study is to understand the constraints or obstacles that Moroccan students encounter in learning endocrinology. In carrying out this research, students from various Moroccan academic institutions enrolled in various life and earth sciences departments and in other departments that taught endocrinology cooperated. To obtain lists of content units or chapters in endocrinology that may be problematic to learn, we used an idea generation method to obtain specific views on the difficulties and obstacles learners encounter when teaching and learning endocrinology. This technique is called TGN or nominal group technique. The TGN findings were used to create an online questionnaire on Google Forms. The results revealed that Moroccan students face various obstacles in their learning of endocrinology, such as the lack of teaching hours, the absence of practical work and the complexity of the course content. In addition, the study showed that the limited use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the classroom complicates students' understanding of the subject. In addition, the students surveyed encountered difficulties in assimilating several key concepts of endocrinology relating to: Cell signaling and communication; Hormonal regulation; Modes of signal transmission; Mechanisms of hormonal action.
Design of artificial intelligence based technique for classification chronic pulmonary disease from chest X-RAY
Authors: Chawla Jasneet , Walia Navpreet
Published: August 2024

This research proposes a comprehensive automated approach for the quick and precise identification of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in chest computerized tomography (CT) scan images of patients. The collection includes 48,260 scanned photographs of 282 healthy persons and 15,591 photos from 95 COPD patients. An image processing method has been created to assess CT scans of the lungs and eliminate any images that lack clear visualization of the interior structures of the lungs. Doing this helps reduce processing time and minimize incorrect detections. We present a novel design that improves the classification accuracy of convolutional networks when applied to photos containing small yet meaningful objects. To maintain the data integrity of the ResNet50V2 model across various image resolutions, the architectural design integrates a novel feature pyramid network specifically designed for classification tasks. The proposed approach dramatically enhances the accuracy of classification, a crucial aspect given that COPD infections can manifest in various sizes, often being exceedingly small. Subsequently, the system employs a preestablished threshold to identify the patient's condition after completing these two procedures. The proposed system has evaluated on Xception and Inception utilizing both the proposed model and ResNet50V2. Throughout the single image classification phase, the proposed framework obtained an impressive 98.91% accuracy on a dataset of 7,996 test photos. During the quick identification phase, the system accurately detected the ailments of approximately 234 out of 245 patients.
Enhancing IT’s role in law firms’ knowledge management
Authors: Romdoni Muhamad , Lussak Assed , Ramadhan Rizaldy
Published: August 2024

The study investigates the current issues related to the knowledge-based approach of the company, primarily due to a scarcity of empirical research on the role of information technology (IT) in knowledge management. The majority of research findings have been resulting in recommendations for its role but lack empirical evidence. Therefore, the aim of this study is to collect factual information from Indonesian law firms about how they use information technology (IT) for the purpose of managing knowledge. After careful consideration, it is clear that the legal field offers one of the most advantageous environments for conducting research on knowledge management. While knowledge plays a vital role in the functioning of law firms, it is conceivable that forthcoming technological advancements will bring about alterations in the operational methods of these firms. The selection process used purposive sampling and forty attorneys from twenty different firms participated in the survey. The study's findings suggest that knowledge cooperation can enhance the exchange of various forms of knowledge, such as declarative, analytical, procedural, and administrative knowledge. The use of information technology (IT) is essential for effectively managing knowledge within organizations. The results also indicate a strong correlation between companies that engage in collaborative knowledge sharing and those that employ information technology. Furthermore, information systems facilitate significant cost reductions.
Health education for pregnant mothers on coronavirus (Covid-19) prevention and transmission
Authors: Nurhikmah Nurhikmah , Muzakkir Muzakkir , Darwis Darwis , Muliyana Muliyana , Arsyad Nur Aliya , Azis Reskiawati , Thalib Abdul , Erwin Erwin
Published: August 2024

A pandemia COVID-19 apresenta riscos únicos para as mulheres grávidas, necessitando de educação eficaz em saúde para melhorar a sua compreensão da prevenção e transmissão. Este estudo avalia o impacto da educação em saúde no conhecimento das mulheres grávidas sobre a COVID-19, com o objetivo de melhorar a sua adesão às medidas preventivas e salvaguardar a saúde materna e fetal. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto da educação em saúde na compreensão de gestantes sobre a prevenção e transmissão do coronavírus (Covid-19). Métodos: Este estudo utiliza um método quase-experimental empregando um desenho pré-teste-pós-teste de um grupo. Está programado para ocorrer de outubro a novembro de 2021 no Centro de Saúde Moti em Bantaeng Regency, com uma amostra de 30 mulheres grávidas. A amostragem intencional foi empregada para selecionar os participantes do MCH Poly que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão pré-determinados e expressaram vontade de participar do estudo. Resultados: A análise bivariada mostrou um p-valor de 0,003 antes e após a educação em saúde, indicando melhora estatisticamente significativa no conhecimento. Especificamente, os escores médios de conhecimento aumentaram da fase pré-teste para a fase pós-teste, demonstrando que os participantes entenderam melhor a prevenção e transmissão da COVID-19 após a intervenção. Esses resultados sugerem que a educação em saúde direcionada pode efetivamente melhorar a alfabetização em saúde entre mulheres grávidas, um grupo vulnerável durante a pandemia. Conclusão: A educação em saúde desempenha um papel crucial na formação da compreensão das gestantes sobre a adesão às medidas de prevenção e mitigação da transmissão do vírus COVID-19. Através de um maior conhecimento, as mulheres grávidas tornam-se mais conscientes das medidas essenciais para salvaguardar a si próprias e aos seus filhos por nascer. Portanto, as parteiras, particularmente aquelas que trabalham em serviços de saúde como Puskesmas, são encorajadas a continuar a fornecer educação consistente em saúde às mulheres grávidas em relação à prevenção da transmissão da COVID-19.
Online food delivery, the new normal: A systematic study of determinants of consumer buying behavior
Authors: Shukla Janmejay , Deshpande Aarti
Published: August 2024

The demand for online food delivery (OFD) services surged in recent years due to the growing trend of busy lifestyles and convenience-oriented behavior. The study aimed to explore the key factors that influenced consumer behavior toward online food delivery services. Understanding these factors was expected to assist online food delivery aggregators in developing effective marketing strategies and enhancing customer satisfaction. The study utilized a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Primary data was gathered from 350 users of OFD applications, and inferential statistical tools, such as the Kruskal‒Wallis test, were employed for data analysis. The research focused on a sample of online food delivery service users in central India. The major findings revels that, businesses should be aware of the diverse influences of age, occupation, and income on customer preferences and concerns. By combining customized approaches with universal strategies, they can create a well-rounded customer-centric approach that caters to a broad range of needs and ultimately boosts satisfaction and competitivenes. This balanced approach aimed to optimize efficiency, facilitate targeted marketing, and provide a competitive edge, ultimately contributing to a more customer-centric and successful business model.
Principal component analysis of the environmental attitudes of students at faculty of economics during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study from Palestine
Authors: Nawajah Inad , Radwan Eqbal , Abuharb Mohammed , Jabareen Hussein , Jazzar Mohannad , Rebai Wafa  Kammoun , Jebreen Kamel
Published: August 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on educational systems worldwide, leading to the widespread closure of schools, colleges, and universities. It is expected that the pandemic will continue to significantly shape people's attitudes towards environmental issues in the foreseeable future. Against this backdrop, the present study sought to explore the environmental attitudes of students in the faculty of economics within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the new ecological paradigm (NEP). This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Palestine, spanning from June 20, 2021, to May 5, 2022. The study targeted students enrolled in private or public universities in Palestine during the academic year 2021–2022, with a total of 2118 students from various Palestinian universities participating. Overall, the study findings revealed that a significant proportion of the Palestinian student sample endorsed the NEP. With an average score of 3.72 across the entire NEP scale, the findings suggested that the ecological attitudes of the sample leaned more towards alignment with the NEP. In conclusion, the results indicated that students in the faculty of economics tended to espouse an ecocentric viewpoint over an anthropocentric one. The advent of pandemics or epidemics is expected to influence people's perceptions of nature, the environment, resources, and ultimately shape global responses to crises, particularly among students in the faculty of economics.
A taxation perspective on how domestic double taxation on corporate taxes affects Indian commerce
Authors: Shaji Bensha C. , Joseph Christabell
Published: August 2024

This paper examines the impact of domestic double taxation on corporate taxation in India after the abolition of the dividend distribution tax (DDT) and the introduction of the new tax rates and rules in 2020. Domestic double taxation occurs when the same income is taxed twice by the same jurisdiction, such as at the corporate and shareholder level. Using data from the Income Tax Department and the Reserve Bank of India, this paper estimates the effective tax rate on corporate income and dividends in India under the current tax system. It compares it with the previous tax system and the international standards. It also analyses the effect of domestic double taxation on corporate financial decisions, such as the dividend payout ratio, the retained earnings, the debt-equity ratio, and the investment rate. It evaluates the effect of domestic double taxation on corporate tax revenue, tax incidence, and tax efficiency. The authors identify that, between 2019 and 2023, corporate income tax revenue in India increased alongside nominal GDP growth, with a notable positive correlation coefficient between the two variables. The empirical analysis technique involves gathering and analyzing quantitative data to assess the real impact of new tax reforms and reduced corporate tax rates. Finally, this study proposes policy recommendations to mitigate the adverse effects of domestic double taxation and improve India's corporate taxation system and GDP. This paper contributes to the literature by providing updated and comprehensive empirical evidence on domestic double taxation and corporate taxation in India and by offering some insights and suggestions for the policymakers, the tax authorities, the corporate sector, and the academic community.