bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges of Agitation in Dementia: A Plea for Early Discussion
Authors: Richler Leah G. , Shimizu Mariko , Huang Hsiang , Kester Rachel
Published: January 2023

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) occur frequently among people with dementia and are known precipitants for placement in care facilities. Despite the social, financial, and psychological impact on dementia care, education and discussions on BPSD have not been routinely included in advance care planning (ACP). As a result, families can face great challenges in making complex medical decisions when their loved ones are admitted to the geriatric psychiatric inpatient unit with refractory BPSD. We present the case of an 83-year-old gentleman with BPSD to illustrate universal struggles in dementia care experienced by many families, which could have been alleviated by education and discussions around BPSD earlier in the patient’s dementia course. A literature search did not yield any articles that mention discussions of BPSD in ACP. The lack of literature referencing BPSD in ACP supports our clinical experiences with the case and highlights the need for improvement in current dementia care. We propose a guideline for providers to facilitate conversations around BPSD as an integral part of ACP, including discussions of four key points related to the progressive nature of dementia, the commonality of BPSD, the lack of FDA-approved treatment for BPSD, and the difficulty in balancing agitation and sedation to allow safe placement. We firmly believe it is important to start discussion on BPSD as part of ACP as early as possible. Early education and discussion will help to facilitate meaningful care decisions as patients and families navigate the challenges associated with this progressive disease.
Head Trauma and Concussions in Film and Television Stunt Performers
Authors: Senn Ariana B. , McMichael Leslie P. , Stewart Lori J. , Russell Jeffrey A.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The aims of the study were to assess prevalence and management of head impacts in stunt performers and to evaluate performers’ quality of life and ability to work after head injury.

Methods

Stunt performers completed an online survey about head impacts/head whips history, diagnosed concussions, reasons for not reporting injuries, health care sought after head impacts, attitudes toward on-set concussion management, perceived ability to work as a stunt performer, and health-related quality of life.

Results

One hundred seventy-three performers (80%) indicated at least one head impact/head whip during their stunt career. Of these, 86% exhibited concussion-like symptoms and 38% received one or more concussion diagnoses. Sixty-five percent continued working with concussion-like symptoms. Short Form-12 mental component scores were suggestive of depression in 42%.

Conclusions

Concussion seems to be a serious occupational health issue in stunt performers. We suggest that concussion management, risk reduction, and education should be addressed in this community.
Hypoxia-mediated activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A review
Authors: Hu Lanxin , Hu Jinwei , Huang Yanlin , Zheng Sihan , Yin Ji , Li Xiaohui , Li Daiying , Lv Caifeng , Li Sen , Hu Wenjian
Published: January 2023

Since the 1950s, hypoxia has been recognized as a crucial characteristic of cancer cells and their microenvironment. Indeed, hypoxia promotes the growth, survival, and metastasis of cancer cells. In the early 1990s, we found that as many phenomena in hypoxia can occur through hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α). HIF1α is known as an angiogenesis converter in hypoxia, which promotes tumorigenesis, development, immune escape, recurrence, etc; This page goes into great detail on how HIF1α is activated during hypoxia and how the 2 signaling channels interact. It specifically emphasizes the significance of reactive oxygen species, the function of the PI3K/the serine/threonine kinase Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin cascade, and outlines the similarities between the 2 important factors (reactive oxygen species and PI3K/the serine/threonine kinase Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin cascade), nuclear factor κB, for HIF1α Important implications, in an effort to offer fresh views for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and HIF1α research.
Development of fatty acid metabolism-related models in lung adenocarcinomaA Review
Authors: Ye Wei , Li Xingxing
Published: January 2023

Backgroud:

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is 1 of the common malignancy with a poor prognosis.

Materials and Methods:

Based on bioinformatics, the fatty acid metabolism model of LUAD was developed. We downloaded LUAD transcriptome data from the cancer genome atlas and gene expression omnibus databases. We used bioinformatics methods to construct a fatty acid metabolism-related predictive risk model to predict the prognosis of LUAD. We further explored the relationship between prognostic models and survival and immunity.

Results:

We identified 17 prognosis-related fatty acid-associated genes and constructed prognostic models. In the the cancer genome atlas cohort, the prognosis was worse in the high-risk score group compared to the low-risk score group. The ROC curve confirmed its accuracy. Subsequently, we used the gene expression omnibus database to confirm the above findings. There were differences in immune infiltrating cell abundance and immune function between the high-risk score group and low-risk score group. The immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) based algorithm showed that the low-risk score group was more suitable for the immune treatment.

Conclusion:

Fatty acid metabolic patterns can deepen the understanding of the immune microenvironment of LUAD and be used to guide the formulation of immunotherapy protocols.
Factors associated with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and its influence on maternal and infant outcomes
Authors: Li Ping , Jiang Yurong , Xie Mina , You Yiping
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and risk factors of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and its effect on pregnancy outcomes. The data from 300 pregnant women with ICP and 300 pregnant women without ICP admitted from July 2015 to December 2016 at Changsha Maternal and Child Health Hospital were collected. The factors associated with ICP were examined. The family history of ICP, twin pregnancies, number of births, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hepatitis virus infection, and in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, differed significantly between the 2 groups (all P < .05). The multivariable analysis showed that body mass index at delivery, number of births, HDP, gestational diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hepatitis virus infection were associated with ICP (all P < .05). The incidence of abnormal amniotic fluid and premature births in the ICP group were significantly higher than in the control group (all P < .05). ICP is associated with BMI at delivery, number of births, HDP, gestational diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hepatitis virus infection. ICP greatly influences pregnancy outcomes.
Short-term ex vivo tissue culture models help study human lung infectionsA review
Authors: Xia Jing-Yan , Zeng Yi-Fei , Wu Xue-Jie , Xu Feng
Published: January 2023

Most studies on human lung infection have been performed using animal models, formalin or other fixed tissues, and in vitro cultures of established cell lines. However, the experimental data and results obtained from these studies may not completely represent the complicated molecular events that take place in intact human lung tissue in vivo. The newly developed ex vivo short-term tissue culture model can mimic the in vivo microenvironment of humans and allow investigations of different cell types that closely interact with each other in intact human lung tissues. Therefore, this kind of model may be a promising tool for future studies of different human lung infections, owing to its special advantages in providing more realistic events that occur in vivo. In this review, we have summarized the preliminary applications of this novel short-term ex vivo tissue culture model, with a particular emphasis on its applications in some common human lung infections.
Intrathoracic gas effusions in patients with COVID-19
Authors: El Bozouiki Fatima , Moumkin Mohamed , El Melhaoui Jihane , Hammi Sanaa
Published: January 2023

Current evidence suggests that intrathoracic gas effusions (pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax) may be observed among COVID-19 patients even without mechanical ventilation. Here, we report 9 patients who developed spontaneous intrathoracic gas effusions in the absence of mechanical ventilation. The incidence of spontaneous intrathoracic gas effusions is low at 0.5% in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the absence of respiratory support. Two patients (22.2%) had spontaneous pneumomediastinum, with or without subcutaneous emphysema. Three patients (33.3%) had pneumomediastinum associated with pneumothorax, with or without subcutaneous emphysema, and 4 patients (44.4%) had spontaneous pneumothorax. The Pneumothorax was unilateral in 66.6% of cases (6/9) but without location preference. Five of our patients were smokers, of whom 80% had isolated spontaneous pneumothorax. Other comorbidities included pulmonary tuberculosis in a single patient, diabetes in 2 patients and arterial hypertension in 1 patient. None of the patients had respiratory comorbidities. All of our patients were male. The average duration of hospital stay was 10 days (±6.63). All patients required oxygen therapy. Three patients (33.3%) with spontaneous pneumothorax required chest drainage. The evolution was favorable in 6 patients (66.7%) and worse in 3 cases (33.3%). The respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 have been stereotyped. Intrathoracic effusions may also be signs of COVID-19 with varying prognoses, or even the only presentation of the disease. This should be considered in clinical practice, and doctors are encouraged to request a SARS-CoV-2 test in this situation. Further investigations with a larger sample size are needed to identify the prognostic factors in COVID-19 patients with gas effusions.
Mechanism of Schwann cells in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A review
Authors: Li Jingjing , Guan Ruiqian , Pan Limin
Published: January 2023

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common neuropathy in the world, mainly manifested as bilateral symmetry numbness, pain or paresthesia, with a high rate of disability and mortality. Schwann cells (SCs), derived from neural ridge cells, are the largest number of glial cells in the peripheral nervous system, and play an important role in DPN. Studies have found that SCs are closely related to the pathogenesis of DPN, such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, impaired neurotrophic support and dyslipidemia. This article reviews the mechanism of SCs in DPN.
Adherence to Guidelines Influenced the Mortality, Hospital Stay, and Health Care System Costs in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Ricci Claudio , Ingaldi Carlo , Alberici Laura , Marasco Giovanni , Pagano Nico , Mosconi Cristina , Migliori Marina , Serra Carla , Davidovich Ida , Sermonesi Giacomo , Alemanni Luigina Vanessa , Rossini Benedetta , Isopi Claudio , Casadei Riccardo
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The primary end point was the compliance rate with guidelines. The secondaries were mortality, hospital stay, and costs.

Methods

This study included 1904 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP): group A, diagnosed before 2013, and group B, after 2013.

Results

The compliance rate was 0.6%. The compliance rates increased for fluid resuscitation (3.3% vs 13.7%, P < 0.001), for antibiotics use (21.9% vs 28.1%, P = 0.002), for oral feeding (55.0% vs 49.7%, P = 0.007), and for correct use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (83% vs 91.9%, P < 0.001). Compliance to severity assessment with computed tomography (odds ratio [OR], 0.4; P = 0.029), parenteral nutrition recommendations (OR, 0.3; P = 0.009), and early surgery (OR, 0.3; P = 0.010) reduced the mortality. Compliance to antibiotic therapy (OR, 0.6; P < 0.001), correct use of parenteral nutrition (OR, 0.3; P < 0.001), correct use of ERCP (OR, 0.5; P < 0.001), and early surgery (OR, 0.3; P = 0.010) reduced hospital stay. The compliance reduced the costs for parenteral nutrition (P < 0.001), correct use of ERCP (P = 0.011), and surgery (P = 0.010).

Conclusions

The adherence to guidelines for AP was low. Compliance could reduce mortality, prolonged hospital stay, and costs.
Circular RNA Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression by Targeting MicroRNA-532-3p/PIK3CB Axis
Authors: Wang Kai-Qiong , Ye Mu-Lin , Qiao Xin , Yu Zhi-Wei , Wu Chang-Xiong , Zheng Jin-Fang
Published: January 2023

Objective

The aim of the study is to explore the contribution and mechanism of circular RNA fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (circFGFR1) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression.

Methods

Expressions of circFGFR1, microRNA (miR)-532-3p, and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta (PIK3CB) were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or in situ hybridization. Fluorescence in situ hybridization determined the subcellular localization of circFGFR1. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect PIK3CB expression in PDAC tissues. Cell growth was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and colony formation assays. Wound healing, transwell, and flow cytometry assays examined the migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Dual-luciferase and RNA pull-down assay verified the interactions between circFGFR1/PIK3CB and miR-532-3p. In vivo xenograft tumor growth and lung metastasis were assessed in nude mice.

Results

Functionally, knockdown of circFGFR1 restrained in vitro PDAC cell growth, migration, invasion, and in vivo xenograft tumor growth and lung metastasis. In addition, circFGFR1 could sponge miR-532-3p to upregulate PIK3CB level. Rescue experiments revealed that the tumor-suppressive effects caused by miR-532-3p mimics could be reversed by circFGFR1 or PIK3CB overexpression.

Conclusions

Our data revealed that circFGFR1 driven the malignant progression of PDAC by targeting miR-532-3p/PIK3CB axis, suggesting that inhibition of circFGFR1 might be considered as a therapeutic target for PDAC.
Pancreatic Stones and Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy
Authors: Gnecco James , Brown Landon K. , Boregowda Umesha , Abidali Hussein , Saligram Shreyas , Rosenkranz Laura , Patel Sandeep , Haluskza Oleh , Sayana Hari
Published: January 2023

Pancreatic stones are sequelae of chronic pancreatitis, resulting in poor quality of life, frequent hospitalizations, and a significant economic burden. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) can be used to treat pancreatic stones and is less invasive when compared to other modalities. In this review article, we have discussed the role of ESWL in the treatment of pancreatic stones and how it differs from other modalities. Databases were searched electronically for articles discussing the treatment of pancreatic ductal stones by ESWL or other modalities. Articles discussing or comparing treatment success rates were preferentially included. An inductive approach was used to identify articles related to the treatment of pancreatic stones with ESWL throughout the review process. Although laser lithotripsy and electrohydraulic lithotripsy appear to have higher success rates, the potential for ESWL to affect clinical outcomes is substantial, especially in individuals with a higher risk for invasive procedures. The decision to perform ESWL should be considered if the outcome will substantially alter the clinical management when performed by an experienced endoscopist. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to compare ESWL and peroral pancreatic lithotripsy methods.
Cost-effectiveness of MicroRNA for Pancreatic Cancer Screening in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Kowada Akiko
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of microRNA compared with carbohydrate antigen 19-9, abdominal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and no screening for pancreatic cancer (PC) screening in patients with diabetes.

Methods

We developed a state-transition model from a health care payer perspective and a lifetime horizon. We targeted 3 hypothetical cohorts of patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes (LSD), new-onset diabetes (NOD), and LSD having intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), aged 40, 50, 60, and 70 years. The main outcomes were costs, quality-adjusted life-years, life expectancy life-years, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios, and deaths from PC.

Results

In the base-case analysis, abdominal ultrasound in patients with LSD and microRNA in patients with NOD and LSD having IPMN were the most cost-effective for all age groups. Cost-effectiveness was sensitive to PC incidence and the cost of microRNA. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that microRNA was 42% to 54% cost-effective for NOD and 76% to 78% cost-effective for LSD having IPMN at a willingness-to-pay level of US $100,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained. MicroRNA prevented 30,641 PC deaths in diabetic patients compared with no screening.

Conclusions

In patients with NOD and LSD having IPMN, microRNA-based PC screening is cost-effective and recommended for early PC detection.
Macronutrients Not Micronutrients Are Associated With the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Tayyem Reema F. , Ibrahim Mohammed O. , Abuhijleh Haya , Alatrash Razan M. , Al-Jaberi Tareq , Hushki Ahmad , Albtoush Yazan , Yacoub Shirin , Allehdan Sabika
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Pancreatic cancer (PC) has been related directly to many risk factors; however, diet is considered one of the most modifiable risk factors. This study is designed to observe the associations between the intake of macromicronutrients and the risk of pancreatic cancer in a Jordanian population.

Methods

A case-control study included 100 patients with the incident and histologically confirmed PC and 309 control subjects frequency-matched on age, educational level, occupation, and marital status. Face-to-face interview was used to collect the study's sociodemographic, physical activity, and dietary information. Intakes of macronutrients and micronutrients were assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals.

Results

The patients reported higher consumption of almost all the macromicronutrients and micronutrients as compared with control subjects. The highest tertile of dietary intake of carbohydrates, sugars, fats, saturated fats, monounsaturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, and vitamin B3 was positively associated with PC risk (P
trend < 0.05). However, dietary intakes of polyunsaturated fats, omega-3, and some vitamins and minerals were not associated (P
trend > 0.05) with the risk of PC.

Conclusions

Our findings support the positive role of proteins, carbohydrates, sugars, fats, saturated fats, monounsaturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol on pancreatic carcinogenesis.
Role of Chromogranin A in the Diagnosis and Follow-up of Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Nguyen Mike , Li Michelle , Travers Avraham , Segelov Eva
Published: January 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the utility of serum chromogranin A (CgA) along the clinical pathway of patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).

Methods

A retrospective review of medical records was conducted of patients with NET who had at least 1 measurement of CgA between January 2015 and April 2021 at a large metropolitan Australian hospital. Chromogranin A was classified as increased or decreased if there was at least a 25% change in sequential levels and was compared with disease response by anatomical or functional imaging if within 6 weeks (considered concurrent).

Results

Of 102 patients with NETs, 67 had at least 1 serum CgA level: 50 had been ordered during diagnostic workup, of which 33 were elevated (sensitivity: 66%; 95% confidence interval, 51%–79%). Of 129 CgA results concurrent with imaging, the sensitivity for detecting progressive disease was 28% (95% confidence interval, 15%–44%).

Conclusions

Our findings support previous concerns that CgA adds little value in clinical decision-making.
Diagnostic Yield of Serial Pancreatic Juice Aspiration Cytologic Examination With Brush Cytology for Pancreatic Ductal Stenosis
Authors: Mie Takafumi , Sasaki Takashi , Takeda Tsuyoshi , Okamoto Takeshi , Mori Chinatsu , Furukawa Takaaki , Yamada Yuto , Kasuga Akiyoshi , Matsuyama Masato , Ozaka Masato , Sasahira Naoki
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Serial pancreatic-juice aspiration cytologic examination (SPACE) is useful for diagnosis of pancreatic ductal stenosis. This study investigates the utility of adding brush cytology to SPACE during the same procedure.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who underwent SPACE with brush cytology for pancreatic ductal stenosis between February 2014 and July 2020 in our hospital.

Results

Thirty-four patients were included. Eleven had lesions in the pancreatic head lesions, and 23 had lesions in the pancreatic body or tail. Malignancies were found in 22 patients. Endoscopic ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging showed distal pancreatic duct dilation in 81.8% to 90.6% of cases, with a sensitivity of 63.0% to 65.5%. The sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of SPACE, brush cytology, and SPACE with brush cytology were 63.6%, 50.0%, and 77.3% (P = 0.19) and 73.5%, 67.6%, and 82.4% (P = 0.42), respectively. No significant differences in diagnostic yield were observed for either pancreatic head lesions or pancreatic body/tail lesions. Post–endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis was observed in 4 cases (11.8%).

Conclusions

The utility of adding brush cytology to SPACE was limited.
The Association Between Pancreatic Steatosis and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Bi Ye , Lin Hai-Yan , Li Ming-Long , Zhou Jie , Sun Xiang-Lan
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To date, the complete natural history of pancreatic steatosis is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association of fatty pancreas (FP) in the incidence of metabolic syndrome and its components among Chinese patients with a 5-year follow-up.

Methods

Three independent cross-sectional surveys were carried out in 2013, 2015, and 2018. Fatty pancreas was diagnosed via transabdominal sonography. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the correlation between FP and metabolic syndrome. New cases of metabolic syndrome and its components were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

At baseline, 12,551 individuals classified into FP (n = 1010) and non-FP (n = 11,541) groups were finally enrolled. In cross-sectional analyses, odds ratio of FP was 2.378 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.085–2.713; P < 0.001). In longitudinal analyses, FP was associated with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (hazard ratio [HR], 3.179; 95% CI, 2.197–4.6; P < 0.001), type 2 diabetes mellitus (HR, 13.99; 95% CI, 7.865–24.883; P < 0.001), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (HR, 31.843; 95% CI, 7.73–131.171; P < 0.001), and hypertension (HR, 12.801; 95% CI, 7.323–22.38; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Pancreatic steatosis is strongly associated with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome and its components such as hypertension and diabetes.
Assessment and Management of COPD
Authors: Wodwaski Nadine , Webber Elaine
Published: January 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow obstruction, worsening exercise performance and deteriorating health. It is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and costs to healthcare systems. Although no cure exists for COPD, there are treatments, medications, and lifestyle changes patients can adopt to feel better and prevent further damage to their lungs. This article discusses the assessment and treatment strategies, medication administration, oxygen management, and education for patients with COPD. Home care strategies may alleviate readmissions or the need for emergent care, thus reducing the impact of COPD on patients.
Dysphagia
Authors: McIntosh Erin
Published: January 2023

Dysphagia, or difficult swallowing, can result in malnutrition, dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, and airway obstruction. Some primary etiologies of dysphagia include neurological disorders, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, head and neck cancer, cervical spine injury, and stroke. Home care clinicians are often the first healthcare professionals to encounter patients exhibiting signs of dysphagia and can play an important role in identifying, referring, and educating patients with dysphagia. This article will discuss the broad types of dysphagia, the signs and symptoms that suggest dysphagia, and the possible etiology and treatment.
Military Veterans' End of Life
Authors: Conard Patricia L. , Keller Michael J. , Armstrong Myrna L.
Published: January 2023

More than 600,000 U.S. Veterans die from illness each year. Clinicians in civilian settings are increasingly providing care to Veterans at end of life. Veteran care should be distinctive and individualized to meet their unique needs. There is limited information to guide civilian clinicians in providing care to Veterans at end of life. This article provides bio-psycho-social information to holistically guide Veteran healthcare and assist them with solace, respect, and serenity at end of life. Various options for end-of-life care are discussed, as well as specific concerns of women, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender Veterans. Some end-of-life entitlements for all Veterans and sometimes their spouses/children are included.
Development and Validation of 18F-FDG PET/CT-Based Models for Predicting Successful Complete Cytoreduction During Primary Cytoreductive Surgery for Advanced Ovarian cancer
Authors: Kim Junhwan , Gil Joonhyung , Kim Se Ik , Hwangbo Suhyun , Noh Joseph J. , Lee Jeong-Won , Cheon Gi Jeong , Kim Jae-Weon , Cho Young Seok , Lee Maria
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to develop an 18F-FDG PET/CT-based model to predict complete cytoreduction during primary cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for ovarian cancer (OC).

Patients and Methods

We retrospectively identified patients with stage III–IV OC who underwent primary CRS between June 2013 and February 2020 at 2 tertiary centers. Patients from each hospital were assigned to training and test sets. The abdominal cavity was divided into 3 sections, and data for the PET/CT-derived parameters were collected through image analysis. Various prediction models were constructed by combining clinicopathologic characteristics and PET/CT-derived parameters. The performance of the model with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was externally validated.

Results

The training and test sets included 159 and 166 patients, respectively. The median age of patients in the test set was 55 years; 72.3% of them had stage III tumors, and 65.4% underwent complete cytoreduction. Metabolic tumor volume, total lesion glycolysis, and the number of metastatic lesions above the upper margin of the renal vein (area A) were selected among the PET/CT parameters. The best predictive multivariable model consisted of CA-125 (<750 or ≥750 IU/mL), number of metastatic lesions (<2 or ≥2), and metabolic tumor volume of area A, predicting complete cytoreduction with an AUC of 0.768. The model was validated using a test set. Its predictive performance yielded an AUC of 0.771.

Conclusions

We successfully developed and validated a preoperative model to predict complete cytoreduction in advanced OC. This model can facilitate patient selection for primary CRS in clinical practice.
Comparison of the Detection Performance Between FAP and FDG PET/CT in Various Cancers
Authors: Chang Wen-Yi , Tseng Neng-Chuan , Chen Li-Yu , Chang Chi-Wei , Huang Ya-Yao , Huang Ya-Ting , Ou Yen-Chuan , Peng Nan-Jing
Published: January 2023

Purpose

18F-FDG is the dominant radiotracer in oncology; however, it has limitations. Novel labeled fibroblast activation protein (FAP) radiotracers have been developed and published in several studies. Thus, this meta-analysis aimed to compare the detection rates (DRs) of FDG and FAP, based on previous studies from a systematic review.

Methods

PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane library databases were used to perform a comprehensive and systematic search and are updated to April 30, 2022. The DR, relative risk, and the SUVmaxwere calculated between the FAP and FDG tracers. Finally, the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and summary receiver operating characteristic curve of FAP and FDG were analyzed using gold and reference standards.

Results

Thirty studies (1170 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The relative risks of FAP DR for the primary tumor, recurrent tumor, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis were FDG 1.06- to 3.00-fold per patient and per lesion. For the primary tumor, FAP uptake was most intense in pancreatic cancer, followed by head and neck, cervical, colorectal, lung, gastric, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and was higher than FDG except for urological system cancer. The sensitivity (0.84–0.98), diagnostic odds ratio (19.36–358.47), and summary receiver operating characteristic curve (0.94–0.99) of FAP based on patient and lesion were better for primary tumors, LN metastasis, and distant metastasis than FDG.

Conclusions

Fibroblast activation protein is an extremely potential radiotracer to replace most of the use of FDG in oncology. It is noteworthy that the FAP tracers for primary tumors had low specificity despite excellent sensitivity and had lower uptake than FDG in urological system cancer. In addition, the difference in detection between FAP and FDG for LN metastasis could not be certain in sarcoma.
Incidental Finding of a Tongue Schwannoma Mimicking Local Recurrence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma on a Systematic Follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Dzuko Kamga Jacques , Leclere Jean-Christophe , Conan-Charlet Virginie , Tissot Valentin , Abgral Ronan
Published: January 2023

Schwannomas are usually benign, rare, and slow-growing nerve sheath tumor composed of Schwann cells. They develop in the head and neck area in approximately 25% to 40% of cases, of which 1% in the oral cavity, where the tongue remains the preferred site. Malignant transformation occurs in approximately 8% to 10% cases. We report a unique case of a histologically proven FDG-avid schwannoma of the left mobile portion of the tongue, showing an 18F-FDG avidity on PET/CT, which was a false-positive result for local recurrence in a patient followed for squamous cell carcinoma.
Hypermetabolic Subserosal Uterine Leiomyoma With Synchronous Atypical Multiple Myeloma Mimicking Ovarian Malignancy With Multiple Bone Metastases on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Yao Xilan , Liu Weiting , Ou Xiaohong
Published: January 2023

Subserosal cystic myoma with intense FDG uptake can resemble malignant cystic ovarian tumor and may lead to a false-positive diagnosis. A 49-year-old woman presented with chest pain for 4 months, and the initial chest CT showed multiple bone lesions. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed not only multiple osteolytic lesions with FDG uptake but also a highly FDG-avid mass abutting the right side of the uterus. Ovarian malignancy with multiple bone metastases was considered initially. Subsequent biopsy confirmed multiple myeloma, and a subserosal uterine myoma was diagnosed by transvaginal sonography.
Placing approach-avoidance conflict within the framework of multi-objective reinforcement learning
Authors: Enkhtaivan Enkhzaya , Nishimura Joel , Cochran Amy
Published: January 2023

Many psychiatric disorders are marked by impaired decision-making during an approach-avoidance conflict. Current experiments elicit approachavoidance conflicts in bandit tasks by pairing an individual’s actions with consequences that are simultaneously desirable (reward) and undesirable (harm). We frame approach-avoidance conflict tasks as a multi-objective multi-armed bandit. By defining a general decision-maker as a limiting sequence of actions, we disentangle the decision process from learning. Each decision maker can then be identified as a multi-dimensional point representing its long-term average expected outcomes, while different decision making models can be associated by the geometry of their ‘feasible region’, the set of all possible long term performances on a fixed task. We introduce three example decision-makers based on popular reinforcement learning models and characterize their feasible regions, including whether they can be Pareto optimal. From this perspective, we find that existing tasks are unable to distinguish between the three examples of decision-makers. We show how to design new tasks whose geometric structure can be used to better distinguish between decision-makers. These findings are expected to guide the design of approach-avoidance conflict tasks and the modeling of resulting decision-making behavior.
The Resolvin D2-GPR18 Axis Enhances Bone Marrow Function and Limits Hepatic Fibrosis in Aging
Authors: Fitzgerald Hannah , Bonin Jesse L. , Sadhu Sudeshna , Lipscomb Masharh , Biswas Nirupam , Decker Christa , Nabage Melisande , Bossardi Ramon , Marinello Michael , Mena Agustina Hebe , Gilliard Kurrim , Spite Matthew , Adam Alejandro , MacNamara Katherine C. , Fredman Gabrielle
Published: January 2023

Aging is associated with non-resolving inflammation and tissue dysfunction. Resolvin D2 (RvD2) is a pro-resolving ligand that acts through the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) called GRP18. Using an unbiased screen, we report increasedGpr18expression in macrophages from old mice and in livers from elderly humans that is associated with increased steatosis and fibrosis in middle-aged (MA) and old mice. MA mice that lack GPR18 on myeloid cells had exacerbated steatosis and hepatic fibrosis, which was associated with a decline in Mac2+ macrophages. Treatment of MA mice with RvD2 reduced steatosis and decreased hepatic fibrosis, correlating with increased Mac2+ macrophages, monocyte-derived macrophages and elevated numbers of monocytes in the liver, blood, and bone marrow. RvD2 acted directly upon the bone marrow to increase monocyte-macrophage progenitors. Using a transplantation assay we further demonstrated that bone marrow from old mice facilitated hepatic collagen accumulation in young mice, and transient RvD2 treatment to mice transplanted with bone marrow from old mice prevented hepatic collagen accumulation. Together, our study demonstrates that RvD2-GPR18 signaling controls steatosis and fibrosis and provides a mechanistic-based therapy for promoting liver repair in aging.
A high-throughput platform for single-molecule tracking identifies drug interaction and cellular mechanisms
Authors: McSwiggen David T. , Liu Helen , Tan Ruensern , Puig Sebastia Agramunt , Akella Lakshmi B. , Berman Russell , Bretan Mason , Chen Hanzhe , Darzacq Xavier , Ford Kelsey , Godbey Ruth , Gonzalez Eric , Hanuka Adi , Heckert Alec , Ho Jaclyn J. , Johnson Stephanie L. , Kelso Reed , Klammer Aaron , Krishnamurthy Ruchira , Li Jifu , Lin Kevin , Margolin Brian , McNamara Patrick , Meyer Laurence , Pierce Sarah E. , Sule Akshay , Stashko Connor , Tang Yangzhong , Anderson Daniel J. , Beck Hilary P.
Published: January 2023

The regulation of cell physiology depends largely upon interactions of functionally distinct proteins and cellular components. These interactions may be transient or long-lived, but often affect protein motion. Measurement of protein dynamics within a cellular environment, particularly while perturbing protein function with small molecules, may enable dissection of key interactions and facilitate drug discovery; however, current approaches are limited by throughput with respect to data acquisition and analysis. As a result, studies using super-resolution imaging are typically drawing conclusions from tens of cells and a few experimental conditions tested. We addressed these limitations by developing a high-throughput single-molecule tracking (htSMT) platform for pharmacologic dissection of protein dynamics in living cells at an unprecedented scale (capable of imaging > 106cells/day and screening > 104compounds). We applied htSMT to measure the cellular dynamics of fluorescently tagged estrogen receptor (ER) and screened a diverse library to identify small molecules that perturbed ER function in real time. With this one experimental modality, we determined the potency, pathway selectivity, target engagement, and mechanism of action for identified hits. Kinetic htSMT experiments were capable of distinguishing between on-target and on-pathway modulators of ER signaling. Integrated pathway analysis recapitulated the network of known ER interaction partners and suggested potentially novel, kinase-mediated regulatory mechanisms. The sensitivity of htSMT revealed a new correlation between ER dynamics and the ability of ER antagonists to suppress cancer cell growth. Therefore, measuring protein motion at scale is a powerful method to investigate dynamic interactions among proteins and may facilitate the identification and characterization of novel therapeutics.
Immunostaining Whole-Mount Olfactory Tissues of Mosquitoes
Authors: Herre Margaret
Published: January 2023

Mosquito olfactory tissues are covered in fine hair-like sensory structures called sensilla that house olfactory sensory neurons. This protocol for immunostaining whole-mounted mosquito antennae and maxillary palps enables the visualization of these neurons.
Structural, Hirshfeld surface and three-dimensional interaction energy studies of 2-(6-iodo-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-3-yl)ethanesulfonyl fluoride
Authors: Ganesha D. P. , Sreenatha N. R. , Shankara S. R. , Lakshminarayana B. N.
Published: January 2023

In the crystal, molecules of the title compound, C10H8FIN2O3S, are connected through C—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, I...O halogen bonds, π–π stacking interactions between the benzene and pyrimidine rings, and edge-to-edge electrostatic interactions, as shown by the analysis of the Hirshfeld surface and two-dimensional fingerprint plots, as well as intermolecular interaction energies calculated using the electron-density model at the HF/3–21 G level of theory.
Programme responses for men who perpetrate intimate partner violence in the context of alcohol or other drugs: a scoping review
Authors: Nguyen Van , Kertesz Margaret , Davidson Jennifer , Humphreys Cathy , Laslett Anne-Marie
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Substance use plays a significant role in the perpetration of much intimate partner violence (IPV). However, responses to these two issues are rarely integrated. Single focus programme responses can lead to poor outcomes for men as well as their families experiencing these intersecting issues. This scoping paper aims to establish the current state of knowledge on contextual factors influencing the development and implementation of combined programmes.

Design/methodology/approach

Four electronic databases were systematically searched in May 2021 and December 2021. Twenty-one peer-reviewed studies reporting on ten programmes were included.

Findings

This scoping review revealed that combined programme responses are an underdeveloped area of research and evaluation. The limited evidence base indicated systemic barriers hindering services’ capacity to expand this field of work, affecting implementation and outcomes. Support is required from the wider service systems to intervene in men’s perpetration of IPV in the context of substance use.

Practical implications

Findings in this scoping review demonstrate the importance of fostering a coordinated and collective response to IPV in the context of substance use. Combined programmes have the potential to reduce siloed practices, enabling more holistic responses for men with intersecting issues. However, researchers and policymakers must also address contextual issues hindering or enabling combined programmes’ implementation and development.

Originality/value

Mapping the evidence based on combined programmes provides direction for further development and research to expand this field of inquiry.
Climate-related financial disclosure in integrated reporting: what is the impact on the business model? The case of Poste Italiane
Authors: Galeone Graziana , Onorato Grazia , Shini Matilda , Dell’Atti Vittorio
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Sustainable development has become a strategic priority for companies. The purpose of this study is to explain what paths a company can take to reconfigure its business model and corporate reporting tools in line with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Design/methodology/approach

The research used a qualitative approach and drew on stakeholder and legitimacy theories to collect primary and secondary data through in-depth interviews, semi-structured questionnaires and observation of corporate documents.

Findings

Sustainability and climate change issues’ relevance in the business model and reporting requires improvement so that stakeholders can participate and become aware of the actions put in place to limit the climate challenge.

Research limitations/implications

The results of the case study cannot be subjected to statistical generalisation, as they focus on the Italian context and do not capture the regulatory divergence of different countries.

Practical implications

The results can help managers experiment with, orient, test and implement business model transformations to increase the level of sustainability within an organisation. In addition, disclosure of climate change risks and opportunities for the company and the resulting impacts, including financial impacts, is now recognised as a key urgency to support the achievement of the SDGs and the stakeholder decision-making process.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by focusing on necessary developments for governance and strategy and on climate change disclosure to support investors’ and other stakeholders’ decision-making processes for corporate social responsibility.
An approach to the defining factors of salaries in the Spanish tourist sector
Authors: Sánchez-Cubo Francisco , Mondéjar-Jiménez José , García-Pozo Alejandro
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The importance of workers in labour-intensive industries, such as tourism, is undeniable. In this sense, it has been investigated for decades from various methodological approaches. However, in the academic literature on tourism, the partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique has hardly been used.

Design/methodology/approach

Therefore, this work uses that technique to contrast which factors define the employees' wages in the Spanish tourism industry. Additionally, an importance-performance map analysis (IPMA) analysis is carried out, which provides informed decision-making.

Findings

Thus, the main results obtained are the verification and measurement of the relationships of Human Capital, Labour Conditions and Market with Wages, and the relation between Human Capital and Labour Conditions. Besides, the improvement points in each variable are identified. Especial emphasis is given to those related to Human Capital and, partially, to the Market.

Research limitations/implications

However, there are certain limitations to this study. Mainly, as the indicators used are given by the 2018 Salary Structure Survey, they are stiff and so the design of the model turns to be more difficult.

Originality/value

Considering the turning point that the temporary cessation of the tourism industry activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic has been, it is essential to take advantage of it to identify and correct existing deficiencies. Therefore, this work aims to be a base document for the identification of these problems.
Nexus between sustainability reporting and corporate financial performance: evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Ebaid Ibrahim El-Sayed
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore the relationship between sustainability reporting and the financial performance of companies listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange as one of the emerging markets.

Design/methodology/approach

The study collects data from the corporate annual reports of a sample of 67 companies listed on the Saudi stock exchanges during the period 2016–2019. Financial performance has been measured using four accounting-based measures: return on assets, return on equity, return on capital employed and earnings per share. The relationship between financial performance and sustainability reporting has been estimated using a sustainability index that includes three dimensions (environment, health and safety, and social responsibility).

Findings

The results reveal that the sustainability reporting of Saudi companies, in general, is low. The results also indicate that there is a positive relationship between corporate financial performance and sustainability reporting, whether for the composite index or the three sub-indexes. However, this positive relationship is not statistically significant.

Research limitations/implications

Results of this study are limited to the context in which the study was conducted, which is the Saudi stock exchange from 2016 to 2019, and then the generalization of the results may be limited to listed companies operating in a similar social and economic context. The study also depends on accounting-based measures for financial performance without using market-based measures.

Originality/value

This study comes at the appropriate time with Saudi Arabia's adoption of a comprehensive economic plan called “Saudi Vision 2030”, of which sustainability is at the heart. Despite the efforts of the Saudi government to support sustainability, studies on this issue are still very few.
The determinants of export performance in the digital transformation era: empirical evidence from manufacturing firms
Authors: AL-Khatib Ayman Wael
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This study investigates the impact of big data analytics capabilities on export performance. Moreover, it assesses the mediating effect of the supply chain innovation and moderating effect of supply chain agility.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on primary data that were collected from the manufacturing sector operating in Jordan. A total of 327 responses were used for the final data analysis. Data analysis was performed via a partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach.

Findings

The results of the data analysis supported a positive relationship between big data analytics capabilities and the export performance as well as a mediating effect of supply chain innovation. It was confirmed that supply chain agility moderated the relationship of supply chain innovation and export performance.

Originality/value

This study developed a theoretical and empirical model to investigate the relationship between big data analytics capabilities, export performance, supply chain innovation and supply chain agility. This study offers new theoretical and managerial contributions that add value to the supply chain management literature by testing the moderated-mediated model of these constructs in the manufacturing sector in Jordan.