bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doing Sociology across Borders: Student Experiences and Learning with Virtual Exchange in Large Introductory Sociology Classes
Authors: Wright Eric R. , Wong Day , Ahmad Waqar , Mallick Rafia J.
Published: February 2024

Virtual exchange programs represent a relatively novel approach designed to foster a more global perspective and promote discipline-specific learning; however, this approach has not been widely adopted in sociology. This article reports findings on student experiences and learning in a virtual exchange program involving two large introductory sociology classes in Hong Kong and Atlanta. A postsurvey invited students to reflect qualitatively on their experiences, and six major themes emerged from the data: (1) global application of sociological knowledge, (2) social and cultural relativism, (3) breaking the shell and gaining intellectual and social flexibility, (4) social networking opportunities, (5) challenges and adjustments, and (6) keeping contact beyond school. Based on our experience and the students’ feedback, we conclude that virtual exchange is an effective pedagogical approach for internationalizing sociology curricula, enhancing intercultural competency, and deepening students’ understanding of core sociological concepts.
Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Dorsal Root Ganglion Toxicity in the New Zealand White Rabbit
Authors: Tien Eric , Grubor Branka , Kirkland Melissa , Chan Su Jing , van der Munnik Nick , Xu Wenlong , Henry Kate , Hamann Stefan , Wei Cong , Lee Wan-Hung , Gianni Davide , Brennecke Ashton , Nambiar Kalyani , Chen Jeron , Liu Bin , Shen Shen , Tremblay Claudine , Plowey Edward D. , Trapa Patrick , Fikes James , Suh Junghae , Morris Dale
Published: February 2024

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated degeneration of sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and trigeminal ganglia (TG) has been observed in non-human primates (NHPs) following intravenous (IV) and intrathecal (IT) delivery. Administration of recombinant AAV encoding a human protein transgene via a single intra-cisterna magna (ICM) injection in New Zealand white rabbits resulted in histopathology changes very similar to NHPs: mononuclear cell infiltration, degeneration/necrosis of sensory neurons, and nerve fiber degeneration of sensory tracts in the spinal cord and of multiple nerves. AAV-associated clinical signs and incidence/severity of histologic findings indicated that rabbits were equally or more sensitive than NHPs to sensory neuron damage. Another study using human and rabbit transgene constructs of the same protein demonstrated comparable changes suggesting that the effects are not an immune response to the non-self protein transgene. Rabbit has not been characterized as a species for general toxicity testing of AAV gene therapies, but these studies suggest that it may be an alternative model to investigate mechanisms of AAV-mediated neurotoxicity and test novel AAV designs mitigating these adverse effects.
Access to inpatient mood management services after stroke in Australian acute and rehabilitation hospitals
Authors: Hancock Shaun L , Purvis Tara , Thayabaranathan Tharshanah , Stolwyk Rene , Cameron Jan , Dalli Lachlan L , Reyneke Megan , Kilkenny Monique F , Hill Kelvin , Cadilhac Dominique A
Published: February 2024

Objective

Post-stroke mental health impairments are common, but under-assessed and under-treated. We aim to describe trends in the provision of mood management to patients with stroke, and describe factors associated with adoption of national mood management recommendations for stroke within Australian hospitals.

Design

Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the biennial Stroke Foundation Audit Program.

Setting

Participating acute (2011–2021) and rehabilitation hospitals (2012–2020) in Australia.

Participants

In the acute audit, 22,937 stroke cases were included from 133 hospitals. In the rehabilitation audit, 15,891 stroke cases were included from 127 hospitals.

Main measures

Hospital- and patient-level mood management processes.

Results

Among 133 acute hospitals (22,937 stroke episodes), improvements were made between 2011 and 2021 in utilization of mood screening (17% [2011], 33% [2021]; p < 0.001) and access to psychologists during hospital stay (18% [2011], 45% [2021]; p < 0.001). There was no change in access to a psychologist among those with a mood impairment ( p = 0.34). Among 127 rehabilitation hospitals (15,891 stroke episodes) improvements were observed for mood screening (35% [2012], 61% [2020]; p < 0.001), and access to a psychologist during hospital stay (38% [2012], 68% [2020]; p < 0.001) and among those with a mood-impairment (30% [2012], 50% [2020]; p < 0.001). Factors associated with receiving mood management processes included: younger age, not requiring an interpreter and longer length of stay.

Conclusions

Adherence to mood management recommendations has improved over 10 years within Australian hospitals. Those aged over 65, requiring an interpreter, or with shorter hospital stays are at risk of missing out on appropriate mood management.
Criterion Validity of the Autism Spectrum Rating Scales Teacher Report
Authors: Camodeca Amy
Published: February 2024

There is a need to investigate the diagnostic utility of autism diagnostic questionnaires in school-age children, who are increasingly being referred for autism assessment. Aside from the standardization sample, little research has been conducted on the Autism Spectrum Rating Scales, particularly regarding teacher reports. This study investigated the criterion validity of the Autism Spectrum Rating Scales-Teacher report for ages 6–18 (ASRS-T6-18) in a well-characterized community sample of 409 children (autism [AUT] n = 122; non-autism [NOT] n = 287; [Formula: see text] age = 9.91) evaluated with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2, a well-validated autism diagnostic measure. Significant mean differences with small to moderate effect sizes ( d = 0.28–0.56) were observed for all scores except Self-Regulation, Adult interaction, and Attention. Logistic Regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses conducted for the Summary, ASRS, and two Treatment scales (Peer and Social-Emotional Reciprocity) indicated low ORs (<|1.08|) and AUCs in the poor range (<.67). Total and Unusual Behavior emerged as comparatively stronger scales with covariates (age and IQ); other scales were generally similar with/without control variables. Sensitivity and specificity could not be optimized. The suggested 60 t-cutpoint had fair or good sensitivity (76.23–83.61) for all examined scales except Unusual Behavior (68.03). However, specificity was poor (46.93–54.36), with high false positive rates (45.64%–63.07%). In complex community samples, the ASRS-T6-18 behaves more like a screener as opposed to a diagnostic measure.
Small mammal records from Limay river basin (Northwestern Patagonia) in the Anthropocene from a taphonomical and paleoecological perspective
Authors: Fernández Fernando J , Guillermo Ailín A , Cordero José Agustín , Teta Pablo , García-Morato Sara
Published: February 2024

The studies of the small mammal fossil and recent assemblages from the Limay river basin (Northwestern Patagonia) have strongly increased during the last decade. Taxonomic, taphonomic, and paleoecological information about small rodents and marsupials recovered from fossil sites offers the opportunity to discuss the periods of change and stability in the conformation of their communities through the Anthropocene. Here, we used two large data matrix of fossil and recent small mammal samples. As starting point, we considered the small mammal record of Epullán Grande cave (LL thereafter), which covers the Early Holocene/Post-hispanic Period, in order to assess the impact of anthropic activities on the small mammal communities during the Anthropocene. The taphonomic analysis performed on the newest samples from LL confirms the predatory activity of Tyto furcata on sigmodontines and human consumption on caviomorphs (mostly for the last ca. 1000 years). The analysis of manganese oxide staining suggested higher levels of moisture during the earliest formation of the LL sequence. The taxonomic results indicate a major diversity in the small mammal fossil assemblages to the later periods of LL and other fossil sequences of the Limay basin of the Anthropocene. Conversely, opportunistic sigmodontines ( Abrothrix olivacea, Calomys musculinus, Eligmodontia spp. and Oligoryzomys longicaudatus) experienced a growth in the recent samples. Some stenoic and specialist species ( Euneomys spp., Lestodelphys halli, Loxodontomys micropus and Reithrodon auritus) were abundant in the temporal units associated with the Anthropocene, but now are in retraction. Additionally, the drop in the diversity of recent assemblages supports a restructuration of small mammal communities from Limay river basin occurred in the 20th century.
A Feasibility and Acceptability Assessment of Photo-experiencing and Reflective Listening (PEARL): An Intervention to Promote Recovery Engagement After Gender-Based Harm
Authors: Sinko Laura , Hah Julia , Manders Khamera , Saint Arnault Denise , Teitelman Anne
Published: February 2024

Photo-experiencing and Reflective Listening (PEARL) is a trauma-informed intervention developed to promote recovery engagement in survivors of gender-based violence (GBV). This study aimed to understand the feasibility and acceptability of PEARL and identify potential healing elements. GBV survivors were recruited in Philadelphia through an online survey ( n = 20). Participants completed the PEARL intervention, a postintervention survey, and a follow-up interview. Results revealed PEARL to be both feasible and acceptable, with thematic analysis revealing its ability to facilitate purposeful reflection, connection to the present, and progress toward healing goals. PEARL shows promise as an engaging strategy to promote healing for survivors of GBV.
Queens of hearts: Exploring the lived experiences of mothers caring for infants with complex congenital heart disease in Sri Lanka
Authors: de Silva G Navangi J , Gamage Gayani P
Published: February 2024

This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of eight Sri Lankan mothers of infants with complex congenital heart disease (CCHD) using semi-structured interviews. Four themes were generated as: illness perception, communication with medical staff, challenges faced, and coping mechanisms. These provided insight into the multi-faceted nature of mothers’ experiences, importance of medical-caregiver communications and their need for psychosocial services. The findings enhance the limited knowledge of South–Asian primary CCHD caregiver experiences and will help in improving psychosocial support services in Sri Lanka.
Digital Therapeutic Cultures and Their New Regime of Psychological Truth
Authors: De La Fabián Rodrigo
Published: February 2024

The article focuses on contemporary digital therapeutic cultures’ new regime of truth. This entails describing and critically analysing the sociomaterial apparatuses that distinguish truth from false and produce specific modes of subjectivation. The article shows that the digital regime of psychological truth is heir to the behavioural mistrust of subjectivity and the epistemological shift from the causal-comprehensive model towards the probabilistic-predictive one. However, the psychological subject has not been excluded, but her role has changed. The article introduces the distinction between valuable and spurious truths to analyse this shift. Algorithms do not need the psychological subject to produce true outcomes, but they depend on her and psy-knowledges to distinguish significative from irrelevant truths. Following Maurizio Lazzarato, the article concludes that digital therapeutic cultures share one of the main features of contemporary capitalism: to produce value at the intersection of processes of subjectivation and de-subjectivation.
A qualitative exploration of an autism-specific self-compassion program: The ASPAA
Authors: Edwards Chris , Gibbs Vicki , Love Abigail M A , Brown Lydia , Cai Ru Ying
Published: February 2024

As mental health concerns coupled with inadequate supports have been described as reaching crisis proportions in autistic people, there is a pressing need for accessible and effective support systems. While self-compassion has shown various benefits in the general population, its application in supporting autistic individuals remains limited. This study investigated the experiences of 39 autistic adults who participated in an autism-specific online self-compassion program. The program included a series of five modules which incorporated psychoeducation, meditation, and self-reflective exercises that were completed over a 5-week period. Qualitative data was collected through weekly check-ins and a post-program survey, which underwent thematic analysis through the lens of an autistic researcher resulting in four key themes: the positive impact of self-compassion, challenges faced during the program, recognizing self-compassion as a journey, and the value of program adaptations. These findings shed light on the experiences of autistic adults engaging with self-compassion interventions, highlighting both the benefits and barriers they encountered. The study underscores the importance of developing tailored interventions that consider the unique needs and perspectives of autistic individuals to promote improved mental health outcomes and foster inclusivity.

Lay abstract

Autistic people often struggle to find the right support for their mental health. We wanted to change that by trying a new approach to help autistic adults with their emotions and well-being. We focused on something called “self-compassion,” which is a way of being kind and understanding toward ourselves. This approach has worked well for many people, but we didn’t know if it would work for autistic individuals. We invited 39 autistic adults to join an online program that taught them about self-compassion. The program lasted 5 weeks and included educational materials, meditation exercises, and self-reflection activities. We asked the participants for feedback each week and at the end of the program. From their responses, we discovered four important things. First, self-compassion had a big positive impact on the well-being of autistic adults. Second, they faced some challenges during the program. Third, they saw self-compassion as a journey that takes time and practice. Finally, they described how they valued changes to help autistic people engage with the program. Our findings show that self-compassion can really help autistic adults. We learned about the benefits they experienced and the difficulties they faced. Most importantly, we found that personalized support is crucial for autistic individuals. By creating programs that consider their specific needs, we can improve their mental health and make their lives better.
Percutaneous Pulmonary Thrombectomy Beyond Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Removing Organized Thrombus in Subacute Massive Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Tébar Márquez Daniel , Jurado-Román Alfonso , Galeote Guillermo , Jiménez-Valero Santiago , García Muñoz Andoni , Lorenzo Hernández Alicia , Angélica Rivera Núñez María , Alcolea Batres Sergio , Moreno Raúl
Published: February 2024

Subacute massive pulmonary embolism is an uncommon manifestation of severe pulmonary embolism associated with poor prognosis. Given the chronicity of the thrombi, standard medical treatment may not be effective. We present a case where mechanical thrombectomy using thromboaspiration catheter was effective, resulting in clinical improvement following the extraction of a large amount of thrombus.

Clinical Impact

Mechanical thrombectomy using a thromboaspiration catheter can be an effective alternative in the treatment of subacute pulmonary embolism.
Yoga Therapy as an Intervention to Improve Patient-Reported Outcomes Among Adults After Treatment for Cancer: Preliminary Findings From a Trial Using Single-Subject Experimental Design
Authors: Brunet Jennifer , Hussien Julia , Pitman Anne , Wurz Amanda , Conte Ellen , Polskaia Nadia , Seely Dugald
Published: February 2024

Background:

Cancer is a chronic condition associated with a substantial symptom burden, which can impair recovery after treatment. Investigating interventions with potential to improve self-reported disease and/or treatment effects—known as patient-reported outcomes (PROs)—is paramount to inform cancer care. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a yoga therapy (YT) intervention on key PROs (ie, cancer-related fatigue, anxiety, cognitive function, depression, stress, quality of life [QoL]) among adults after treatment for cancer.

Methods:

Data from 20 adults ( Mage = 55.74 years, 85% female; Mtime since diagnosis = 2.83 years) who had completed treatment for cancer were analyzed for this study. In this single-subject exploratory experimental study, the YT intervention comprised a 1:1 YT session (ie, 1 participant with 1 yoga therapist) followed by 6 weekly small (ie, 2–3 participants) group YT sessions. Group sessions were facilitated by the same yoga therapist who delivered participants’ 1:1 session to ensure an in-depth personalized approach. PROs were assessed before (ie, pre-intervention) and after the 1:1 YT session (ie, during the intervention), as well as after the last group YT session (ie, post-intervention). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze the data.

Results:

Participants showed improvements in cancer-related fatigue, state anxiety, trait anxiety, perceived cognitive impairments, impacts of perceived cognitive impairments on QoL, and 1 dimension of QoL (ie, functional wellbeing) over time. Notably, cancer-related fatigue and state anxiety increased immediately after the 1:1 session, but showed greater improvements over time afterward (ie, during the intervention phase). No changes were observed for the remaining PROs.

Conclusion:

Although results require confirmation in future trials, this study highlights the importance of continuing to investigate YT as an intervention to enhance important PROs (ie, cancer-related fatigue and state anxiety) after treatment for cancer. More research is needed to identify additional beneficial effects and factors that influence participants’ responses to 1:1 and group YT (ie, moderators and mediators).

Registration number:

ISRCTN64763228

Date of registration:

December 12, 2021. This trial was registered retrospectively.

URL of trial registry record:

https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN64763228

Published Protocol:

Brunet, J., Wurz, A., Hussien, J., Pitman, A., Conte, E., Ennis, J. K., . . . & Seely, D. (2022). Exploring the Effects of Yoga Therapy on Heart Rate Variability and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Cancer Treatment: A Study Protocol. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 21, 15347354221075576.
Effects of outcome revaluation on attentional prioritisation of reward-related stimuli
Authors: Le Jenny T , Watson Poppy , Le Pelley Mike E
Published: February 2024

Stimuli associated with rewards can acquire the ability to capture our attention independently of our goals and intentions. Here, we examined whether attentional prioritisation of reward-related cues is sensitive to changes in the value of the reward itself. To this end, we incorporated an instructed outcome devaluation (Experiment 1a), “super-valuation” (Experiment 1b), or value switch (Experiment 2) into a visual search task, using eye-tracking to examine attentional prioritisation of stimuli signalling high- and low-value rewards. In Experiments 1a and 1b, we found that prioritisation of high- and low-value stimuli was insensitive to devaluation of a previously high-value outcome, and super-valuation of a previously low-value outcome, even when participants were provided with further experience of receiving that outcome. In Experiment 2, following a value-switch manipulation, we found that prioritisation of a high-value stimulus could not be overcome with knowledge of the new values of outcomes alone. Only when provided with further experience of receiving the outcomes did patterns of attentional prioritisation of high- and low-value stimuli switch, in line with the updated values of the outcomes they signalled. To reconcile these findings, we suggest that participants were motivated to engage in effortful updating of attentional control settings when there was a relative difference between reward values at test (Experiment 2) but that previous settings were allowed to persist when both outcomes had the same value at test (Experiments 1a and 1b). These findings provide a novel framework to further understand the role of cognitive control in driving reward-modulated attention and behaviour.
Injuries in elite football (soccer) academy: A 4-year observational cohort study of five categories and 515 players
Authors: Pulici L , Randelli P , Pellegrini A , Zago M , Bellistri G , Niccolai R , Galli M , Dellasette E , Tosi L , Volpi P
Published: February 2024

Background

Youth football (soccer) players in professional teams face a higher likelihood of injury compared to adults. The interplay between football and injury hinges on the contextual environment. Despite this, a gap in knowledge persists regarding the epidemiology within Italian elite football academies.

Purpose

Assessing injury incidence and distribution in an Italian professional football academy ( n = 515 from U14 to U18) during match and training to understand injury incidence, severity, types, and related factors.

Study design

Observational cohort study.

Methods

A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted in a football academy (Campionato Nazionale Serie A) from July 2014 to June 2018. We analyzed data from 515 players divided into five age categories (U14 to U18). Injury occurrence was monitored using a custom data reporting tool adhering to FIFA and UEFA injury surveillance protocols. Injury incidence was calculated as the number of injuries/1000 h of exposure. Injury distribution was classified according to severity, location, type, playing position, and period of injuries across different age categories.

Results

Eight hundred thirty-two injuries were documented with 4.7 injuries/1000 h of training, 12.4 injuries/1000 h of match and 5.9 injuries/1000 h of total exposure. The months with the lowest number of injuries were June, July, and August ( p < .019). Of all injuries, 430 (51.7%) were caused by trauma, while overuse contributed to 402 injuries (48.3%).

Conclusion

Findings revealed that injury epidemiology within an Italian professional football academy can be compared to other European countries. These data can serve as a reference for clinicians and sports scientists.
Ethnicity and Madheshi Sub-National Identity in Nepal
Authors: Pandey Krishna Prasad
Published: February 2024

The 2015 Constitution defines Nepal as a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual country but not a multi-national; however, historically, two powerful ethnic groups with potential sub-national characters have been contesting each other under the native versus immigrant dyad. The alleged immigrants, namely the Madheshis, and the self-claimed native settlers, to name the Pahadis, both assert their distinct ethnic and linguistic identity enriched with sub-national strength. As a result, the Madheshis question the legitimacy of the civic form of nationalism promoted by the Pahadi ruling elites under ‘Nepali’ monocultural framework, thereby demanding that their sub-national character be recognised, whereas the Pahadis aim to assimilate the Madheshis under the civic form of nationalist framework that they have been promoting for a long. The face-off between these two groups has impacted national ethnopolitics and everyday relations since the 2007 Madheshi uprising. On this backdrop, this article, based on secondary sources, inquires how strong the Madheshis’ claim of sub-national identity is in relation to the larger framework of Nepali national identity structured by Pahadi norms and values.
Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma at Different Initiation Times on Healing of the Bone-Tendon Interface of the Rotator Cuff in a Mouse Model
Authors: Peng Yundong , Diao Luyu , Wang Juan , Wang Guanglan , Jia Shaohui , Zheng Cheng
Published: February 2024

Background:

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has demonstrated beneficial effects on healing of the bone-tendon interface (BTI).

Purpose:

To determine the optimal initiation time for PRP application after rotator cuff repair in an animal model.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 136 C57BL/6 mice were included; 40 mice were used to prepare PRP, while 96 mice underwent acute supraspinatus tendon (SST) repair. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: a control group and 3 groups in which PRP was injected into the injury interface immediately after surgery, on the 7th postoperative day (PRP-7d), and on the 14th postoperative day. At 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, the animals were sacrificed, blood was collected by eyeball removal, and samples of the SST-humerus complex were collected. Histological, imaging, immunological, and biomechanical data were compared among the groups using 1-way analysis of variance with the Bonferroni post hoc test.

Results:

Histological analysis revealed that the fibrocartilage layer at the BTI was larger in the PRP-7d group compared to the other groups at both 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Moreover, the PRP-7d group exhibited improved proteoglycan content and distribution compared to the other groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results demonstrated that at 4 weeks postoperatively, higher concentrations of transforming growth factor–β1 and platelet-derived growth factor–BB (PDGF-BB) were seen in the PRP-7d group versus the PRP-14d and control gruops ( P < .05), and at 8 weeks postoperatively, the concentration of PDGF-BB was higher in the PRP-7d group versus the control group ( P < .05). Biomechanical testing at 4 weeks postoperatively revealed that the failure load and ultimate strength of the SST-humerus complex were superior in the PRP-7d group compared to the other groups ( P < .05), at 8 weeks, PRP-7d group was superior to the control group ( P < .05). Additionally, at 8 weeks postoperatively, the PRP-7d group exhibited a greater trabecular number and trabecular thickness at the BTI compared to the PRP-14d and control gruops ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

PRP promoted healing of the BTI after a rotator cuff injury at an early stage.

Clinical Relevance:

A PRP injection on the 7th postoperative day demonstrated superior therapeutic effects compared with injections at other time points.
Validity of Material Related to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament on TikTok
Authors: D’Ambrosi Riccardo , Hewett Timothy E.
Published: February 2024

Background:

Video material is one of the most common types of digital information on social media platforms.

Purpose:

To assess the validity and informational value of TikTok videos with regard to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

Using the terms “anterior cruciate ligament” AND/OR “ACL,” 420 TikTok videos were retrieved, of which 100 videos were included in the analysis. The video duration and the number of likes, shares, and views were recorded. Videos were categorized based on the source (private user, physical therapist, surgeon, and researcher), subject type (patient experience, physical therapy, injury mechanism, anatomy, clinical test, and surgical technique), content (patient experience/testimony, education, and rehabilitation), and any background audio (music or voice). Video quality assessments were conducted using the DISCERN instrument, The Journal of the American Medical Association ( JAMA) benchmark criteria, and the Global Quality Score (GQS). Associations between quantitative variables were tested using the Spearman rank correlation. One-way analysis of variance or Mann-Whitney test was performed to assess whether video quality differed by video characteristics.

Results:

A total of 41 videos were published by private users (41%), 34 by physical therapists (34%), 23 by surgeons (23%), and 2 by researchers (2%). Most of the information regarded patient experience (34%), followed by physical therapy (20%), injury mechanism (19%), anatomy (11%), clinical test (9%), and surgical technique (7%). The mean video length was 40.55 ± 41.58 seconds. The mean number of views was 151,084.39 ± 487,150.02, while the mean numbers of comments, likes, and shares were 72.80 ± 249.68, 6781.49 ± 29,163.96, and 98.71 ± 307.76, respectively. The mean DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS scores were 15.73 ± 1.44, 0.19 ± 0.39, and 1.16 ± 0.37, respectively, indicating the poorest quality on all 3 indices. The number of views, likes, shares, comments, and video lengths were all positively correlated with DISCERN (except the number of shares), JAMA, and GQS scores ( P < .05). A significant difference was found in DISCERN scores between videos by private users and those by surgeons (15.37 ± 0.98 vs 16.22 ± 1.57; P = .007).

Conclusion:

Our analysis has demonstrated that the educational value of these videos on the ACL on TikTok is poor. Given the rapid growth of TikTok, further research is needed.
Modification of thermal and electrical characteristics of hybrid polymer nanocomposites through gamma irradiation for advanced applications
Authors: Kavitha C. M. , Eshwarappa K. M. , Shetty Shivakumar Jagadish , Gurumurthy S. C. , Surabhi Srivathsava , Niranjana Prabhu T. , Jeong Jong-Ryul , Morales D. V.
Published: February 2024

In this article, we present a straightforward in-situ approach for producing Ag NPs incorporated in graphene oxide (GO) blended with glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. Samples are γ-irradiated by doses of 2, 5, and 10 kGy and in comparison with the pristine films, the thermal conductivity (‘k’) and effusivity are measured. ‘k’ decreases with irradiation doses up to 5 kGy and further increase in the dosage results increase in ‘k’. We performed FDTD modeling to verify the effect of polarization and periodicity on the absorptivity and emissivity spectra that are correlated to the ‘k’ and effusivity, empirically. Hence, we can confess that the structural properties of the prepared hybrid nanocomposite are manipulated by γ-irradiation. This attests that the PVA/GO-Ag/GA nanocomposite is radiation-sensitive and could be employed for thermal management systems. Moreover, their strong electrical insulation, as the measured dc conductivity of the γ-irradiated samples is found to be in the range of 2.66 × 10−8–4.319 × 10−7 Sm−1, which is below the percolation threshold of 1.0 × 10−6 Sm−1, demonstrates that they are excellent candidates for the use of thermal management materials. The low ‘k’ values allow us to use this promising material as thermal insulating substrates in microsensors and microsystems. They are also great choices for usage as wire and cable insulation in nuclear reactors due to their superior electrical insulation.

Graphical Abstract
Recent progress in mass spectrometry-based urinary proteomics
Authors: Joshi Neha , Garapati Kishore , Ghose Vivek , Kandasamy Richard K. , Pandey Akhilesh
Published: February 2024

Serum or plasma is frequently utilized in biomedical research; however, its application is impeded by the requirement for invasive sample collection. The non-invasive nature of urine collection makes it an attractive alternative for disease characterization and biomarker discovery. Mass spectrometry-based protein profiling of urine has led to the discovery of several disease-associated biomarkers. Proteomic analysis of urine has not only been applied to disorders of the kidney and urinary bladder but also to conditions affecting distant organs because proteins excreted in the urine originate from multiple organs. This review provides a progress update on urinary proteomics carried out over the past decade. Studies summarized in this review have expanded the catalog of proteins detected in the urine in a variety of clinical conditions. The wide range of applications of urine analysis—from characterizing diseases to discovering predictive, diagnostic and prognostic markers—continues to drive investigations of the urinary proteome.
Genome-wide detection of positive and balancing signatures of selection shared by four domesticated rainbow trout populations (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Paul Katy , Restoux Gwendal , Phocas Florence
Published: February 2024

Background

Evolutionary processes leave footprints along the genome over time. Highly homozygous regions may correspond to positive selection of favorable alleles, while maintenance of heterozygous regions may be due to balancing selection phenomena. We analyzed data from 176 fish from four disconnected domestic rainbow trout populations that were genotyped using a high-density Axiom Trout genotyping 665K single nucleotide polymorphism array, including 20 from the US and 156 from three French lines. Using methods based on runs of homozygosity and extended haplotype homozygosity, we detected signatures of selection in these four populations.

Results

Nine genomic regions that included 253 genes were identified as being under positive selection in all four populations Most were located on chromosome 2 but also on chromosomes 12, 15, 16, and 20. In addition, four heterozygous regions that contain 29 genes that are putatively under balancing selection were also shared by the four populations. These were located on chromosomes 10, 13, and 19. Regardless of the homozygous or heterozygous nature of the regions, in each region, we detected several genes that are highly conserved among vertebrates due to their critical roles in cellular and nuclear organization, embryonic development, or immunity. We identified new candidate genes involved in rainbow trout fitness, as well as 17 genes that were previously identified to be under positive selection, 10 of which in other fishes (auts2, atp1b3, zp4, znf135, igf-1α, brd2, col9a2, mrap2, pbx1, and emilin-3).

Conclusions

Using material from disconnected populations of different origins allowed us to draw a genome-wide map of signatures of positive selection that are shared between these rainbow trout populations, and to identify several regions that are putatively under balancing selection. These results provide a valuable resource for future investigations of the dynamics of genetic diversity and genome evolution during domestication.
Analgesic effect of the ultrasound-guided thoracolumbar paravertebral block in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yin Guojiang , Li Yue , Wei Pengxiao , Ma Xuyuan , Li Bixi , Gan Guosheng , Song Xiaoyang
Published: February 2024

Background

Paravertebral block has similar effect as epidural anesthesia, and has good somatic and visceral analgesic effect. Paravertebral block is widely used in thoracic surgery, but rarely used in abdominal surgery.

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effect of thoracolumbar paravertebral block in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy.

Methods

One hundred patients undergoing elective robot-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy were included in this study. Based on whether the thoracolumbar paravertebral block was performed, the patients were randomly divided into the thoracolumbar paravertebral block combined with general anesthesia group (TL-PVB group) and simple general anesthesia group (NO-PVB group). Oxycodone was administered for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA). The primary outcomes included the amount of remifentanil used during surgery, the amount of oxycodone used in 24 and 48 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes included the changes of heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), time for the first analgesia administration, visual analog score (VAS) of pain during rest and movement, and time of postoperative recovery.

Results

Compared to the NO-PVB group, the amount of remifentanil used during surgery in patients with TL-PVB group was significantly reduced (1.78 ± 0.37 mg vs. 3.09 ± 0.48 mg, p < 0.001), the amount of oxycodone used 24 h after surgery was significantly reduced (8.70 ± 1.70 mg vs. 13.79 ± 2.74 mg, p < 0.001), and the amount of oxycodone used 48 h after surgery was remarkably reduced (21.83 ± 4.28 mg vs. 27.27 ± 4.76 mg, p < 0.001). There were significant differences in the changes of HR and MAP between the two groups (p < 0.001). The first analgesic requirement time of TL-PVB group was significantly longer than that of NO-PVB group (468.56 ± 169.60 min vs. 113.48 ± 37.26 min, p < 0.001). The postoperative VAS during rest and movement of TL-PVB group were significantly lower than that of NO-PVB group (p < 0.01). Compared with NO-PVB group, patients in TL-PVB group needed shorter time to awaken from anesthesia, leave the operating room, anal exhaust, get out of bed, and had shorter length of postoperative hospital stay (p < 0.001). The incidence of postoperative adverse reactions were lower in the TL-PVB group than that in the NO-PVB group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Ultrasound-guided thoracolumbar paravertebral block significantly reduces intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption, and provides better analgesia in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy, which is a recommendable combined anesthesia technique.

Trial registration

ChiCTR2200061326, 21/06/2022.
Combined score based on plasma fibrinogen and platelet-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic biomarker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yuchong , Tan Hui , Lu Yao , Mei Jipeng , Zhang Mengqi , Bai Ming , Wang Xia , Ge Shaohua , Ning Tao , Zhang Le , Ji Zhi , Duan Jingjing , Sun Yansha , Wang Feixue , Liu Rui , Li Hongli , Deng Ting
Published: February 2024

Background

Increasing evidence has showed that inflammatory biomarkers, including neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and fibrinogen can be used as predictors in the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of this study was to explore prognostic value of these biomarkers and evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of combined score based on plasma fibrinogen and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (F-PLR score).

Methods

A total of 506 patients with ESCC were enrolled in this study. Harrell’s concordance index (c-index) was used to determine the optimal cut-off values of these markers and evaluate their prognostic significance. The relationship between factors with survival rates (including overall survival [OS] and disease-free survival [DFS]) was explored by Kaplan-Meier curve, univariate analysis and multivariate cox hazard analysis.

Results

Our result indicated that high F-PLR score was significantly associated with longer tumor length and deeper depth of tumor invasion (p < 0.01). The result of Cox multivariable analysis showed that F-PLR score was an independent prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.002) and DFS (p = 0.003). In addition, F-PLR score presented the greater c-index values for OS and DFS compared with NLR, PLR and fibrinogen level. Our result also showed that the c-index values for OS and DFS were both greater in TNM + F-PLR than those in TNM stage alone.

Conclusions

In conclusion, F-PLR score is a predictive biomarker for prognosis in patients with ESCC.
5-Methoxytryptophan enhances the sensitivity of sorafenib on the inhibition of proliferation and metastasis for lung cancer cells
Authors: Chen Huang-Chi , Kuo Chia-Yu , Chang Yu , Tsai Dong-Lin , Lee Mei-Hsuan , Lee Jui-Ying , Lee Hui-Ming , Su Yu-Chieh
Published: February 2024

Background

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and effective therapies are limited. Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide with limited effective therapy. Sorafenib is a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor frequently used to treat numerous types of malignant tumors. However, it has been demonstrated that sorafenib showed moderate antitumor activity and is associated with several side effects in lung cancer, which restricted its clinical application. This study aimed to examine the antitumor effect of the combination treatment of sorafenib and 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) on cell growth and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells.

Method

The anticancer effect of the combination treatment of sorafenib and 5-MTP was determined through cytotoxicity assay and colony forming assays. The mechanism was elucidated using flow cytometry and western blotting. Wound healing and Transwell assays were conducted to evaluate the impact of the combination treatment on migration and invasion abilities. An in vivo model was employed to analyze the effect of the combination treatment on the tumorigenic ability of LLC cells.

Result

Our results demonstrated that the sorafenib and 5-MTP combination synergistically reduced viability and proliferation compared to sorafenib or 5-MTP treatment alone. Reduction of cyclin D1 expression was observed in the sorafenib alone or combination treatments, leading to cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, the sorafenib-5-MTP combination significantly increased the inhibitory effect on migration and invasion of LLC cells compared to the single treatments. The combination also significantly downregulated vimentin and MMP9 levels, contributing to the inhibition of metastasis. The reduction of phosphorylated Akt and STAT3 expression may further contribute to the inhibitory effect on proliferation and metastasis. In vivo, the sorafenib-5-MTP combination further reduced tumor growth and metastasis compared to the treatment of sorafenib alone.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our data indicate that 5-MTP sensitizes the antitumor activity of sorafenib in LLC cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that sorafenib-5-MTP has the potential to serve as a therapeutic option for patients with lung cancer.
Morphological and functional characteristics of the meibomian gland in pediatric patients with epiblepharon
Authors: Li Junping , Qin Xiaolin , Jiang Hong , Guo Yunan , Liu Xin , Zhang Rui , Jiang Lu , Du Anshi
Published: February 2024

Background

To observe morphologic and functional changes in meibomian glands in pediatric patients with and without lower eyelid epiblepharon.

Methods

In this prospective observation study, 55 eyes of 55 patients( 24 males, 31 females; mean age ± SD,9.82 ± 2.59 years; range 6–14 years) and 60 eyes of 60 controls ( 32 males, 28 females; mean age ± SD,10.57 ± 2.75 years; range 6–14 years) were included. The following tests were performed: eyelid margin abnormality by slit-lamp examination, measurement of noninvasive keratographic break-up time (NIKBUT), grading of absence of meibomian gland (meibography score) assessed with noncontact meibography, morphologic changes of meibomian glands (thinning, dilatation and distortion), tear production by the Schirmer 1 test, and grading of meibum quality and meibomian gland expressibility.

Results

The morphologic changes in meibomian glands were more common in the epiblepharon group (56.36%) than in the control group (28.33%) (p = 0.002). The meibum quality was worse in the epiblepharon group than in the control group (p = 0.009), and the NIKBUT was significantly shorter in the epiblepharon group than in the control group (p = 0.012). There was no significant difference in the Schirmer 1 test, meibomian gland expressibility, eyelid margin abnormality score or total meibography score between the two groups. Morphologic changes in the meibomian glands in the upper eyelids (38.18%) were more common than those in the lower eyelids (20%) (p = 0.036) in the epiblepharon group, and the meibography score was higher in the upper eyelids than in the lower eyelids (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

There are morphological and functional changes in meibomian glands in pediatric patients with lower eyelid epiblepharon. Although the inverted eyelashes were located in the lower eyelid, morphological changes in the meibomian glands were more common in the upper eyelid.
Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation-assisted training on lower limb motor function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy
Authors: He Yan , Zhang Qi , Ma Ting-Ting , Liang Yan-Hua , Guo Rong-Rong , Li Xiao-Song , Liu Qian-Jin , Feng Tian-Yang
Published: February 2024

Objective

To explore the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)-assisted training on lower limb motor function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP).

Method

Thirty-one children with HCP who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into a control group (n = 16) and an experimental group (n = 15). The control group received routine rehabilitation treatment for 30 min each time, twice a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Based on the control group, the experimental group received rTMS for 20 min each time, once a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The outcome measures included a 10-metre walk test (10MWT), a 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) test, D- and E-zone gross motor function measurements (GMFM), the symmetry ratio of the step length and stance time and the muscle tone of the triceps surae and the hamstrings (evaluated according to the modified Ashworth scale), which were obtained in both groups of children before and after treatment.

Results

After training, the 10MWT (P < 0.05), 6MWD (P < 0.01), GMFM (P < 0.001) and the symmetry ratio of the step length and stance time of the two groups were significantly improved (P < 0.05), there was more of an improvement in the experimental group compared with the control group. There was no significant change in the muscle tone of the hamstrings between the two groups before and after treatment (P > 0.05). After treatment, the muscle tone of the triceps surae in the experimental group was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), but there was no significant change in the control group (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Repetitive TMS-assisted training can improve lower limb motor function in children with HCP.
Effectiveness of computer-based stress inoculation training (SIT) counseling approach on anxiety, depression, and stress of students with premenstrual syndrome
Authors: Zolfaghary Fatemeh , Adib-Rad Hajar , Nasiri‑Amiri Fatemeh , Faramarzi Mahbobeh , Pasha Hajar , gholinia-ahangar Hemmat
Published: February 2024

Background

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a common public health issue affecting many women of reproductive age worldwide. This study has been designed to investigate of computer-based stress inoculation training (SIT) counseling approach on anxiety, depression, and stress of university students with PMS.

Methods

A randomized trial study with two parallel arms was done from 30 October 2022 to 21 June 2023 on 100 university students aged 18 to 38 at Babol University of Medical Sciences. The participants were randomly divided into two groups intervention and control. The data collection tools included questionnaires on demographic-fertility characteristics, the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) and Riff’s Psychological Well-being Scale (RPWS). The data were assessed using chi-square, t-student, ANOVA repeated measure, and linear regression tests. A significance level ofP < 0.05 was considered for the analysis.

Results

The results of the study showed that the SIT interventions decreased the PMS severity and most psychological factors so in the intervention group, SIT was able to significantly reduce anxiety, depression, perceived stress, and Sheehan’s disability after intervention (P < 0.001). Based on multiple linear regression analysis, the most predictors of HADS were the PSS and SDS (β = 0.285,p = 0.009 and β = 0.236,p = 0.024, respectively).

Conclusion

The computer-based SIT counseling approach could reduce the severity of symptoms and psychological factors in students. Therefore, SIT intervention is recommended to manage their PMS.

Trial registration

IRCT20230130057274N2.