bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oschmann, Dirk: Freiheit und Fremdheit. Kafkas Romane. Schwabe Verlag Basel: 2021. 255 Seiten, ohne Preisangabe. [Wissenschaftliche Buchreihe: Signaturen der Moderne 03]. ISBN 978-3-7965-4339-5
Authors: Sass Maria
Published: April 2023

The present contribution provides an analysis of Dirk Oschmann’s volume, Freiheit und Fremdheit. Kafkas Romane [Freedom and Foreignness. Kafka’s novels]. The main idea, already announced in the title, is followed throughout the entire volume. A corpus of texts consisting of Kafka’s three novels and some of his best short stories is analyzed (Die Verwandlung, Bericht für eine Akademie, and In der Strafkolonie). The selected texts are considered stories of internal or external displacement that address and depict freedom and foreignness mostly using spatial displacement. The method used is close reading, the author carefully interprets text passages, goes into details, nuances of meaning, and linguistic features of the Kafkaesque texts. The analysis draws on syntagms and statements made by characters who discuss these themes.
Regression discontinuity design and its applications to Science of Science: A survey
Authors: Li Meiling , Zhang Yang , Wang Yang
Published: April 2023

Purpose

With the availability of large-scale scholarly datasets, scientists from various domains hope to understand the underlying mechanisms behind science, forming a vibrant area of inquiry in the emerging “science of science” field. As the results from the science of science often has strong policy implications, understanding the causal relationships between variables becomes prominent. However, the most credible quasi-experimental method among all causal inference methods, and a highly valuable tool in the empirical toolkit, Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) has not been fully exploited in the field of science of science. In this paper, we provide a systematic survey of the RDD method, and its practical applications in the science of science.

Design/methodology/approach

First, we introduce the basic assumptions, mathematical notations, and two types of RDD, i.e., sharp and fuzzy RDD. Second, we use the Web of Science and the Microsoft Academic Graph datasets to study the evolution and citation patterns of RDD papers. Moreover, we provide a systematic survey of the applications of RDD methodologies in various scientific domains, as well as in the science of science. Finally, we demonstrate a case study to estimate the effect of Head Start Funding Proposals on child mortality.

Findings

RDD was almost neglected for 30 years after it was first introduced in 1960. Afterward, scientists used mathematical and economic tools to develop the RDD methodology. After 2010, RDD methods showed strong applications in various domains, including medicine, psychology, political science and environmental science. However, we also notice that the RDD method has not been well developed in science of science research.

Research Limitations

This work uses a keyword search to obtain RDD papers, which may neglect some related work. Additionally, our work does not aim to develop rigorous mathematical and technical details of RDD but rather focuses on its intuitions and applications.

Practical implications

This work proposes how to use the RDD method in science of science research.

Originality/value

This work systematically introduces the RDD, and calls for the awareness of using such a method in the field of science of science.
Assessment of retracted papers, and their retraction notices, from a cancer journal associated with “paper mills”
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A. , Nazarovets Serhii
Published: April 2023

Cancer research is occasionally described as being in a reproducibility crisis. The cancer literature has ample papers retracted due to misconduct, including the use of paper mills, invalid authorship, or fake data. The objective of this paper was to gain an appreciation of the balance of retractions and associated retraction notices of 23 retracted Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals papers associated with paper mills. By 23 March 2023, these retracted papers had already accumulated 287 citations according to Web of Science Core Collection, 253 according to Scopus, and 365 according to Google Scholar, i.e., metrically speaking, they were highly rewarded. All authors had an affiliation (71% being a hospital) in China. Most (12/21; 57%) of corresponding authors had emails with a @163.com suffix. Four of the retraction notices (i.e., 17%) explicitly indicated paper mills as a reason for retraction although, in general, the retraction notices lacked details and background that could assist readers’ understanding of the retractions.
18S-NemaBase: Curated 18S rRNA Database of Nematode Sequences
Authors: Gattoni Kaitlin , Gendron Eli M. S. , Sandoval-Ruiz Rebeca , Borgemeier Abigail , McQueen J. Parr , M. Shepherd Rachel , Slos Dieter , O. Powers Thomas , L. Porazinska Dorota
Published: April 2023

Nematodes are the most abundant and diverse animals on the planet but lack representation in biodiversity research. This presents a problem for studying nematode diversity, particularly when molecular tools (i.e., barcoding and metabarcoding) rely on well-populated and curated reference databases, which are absent for nematodes. To improve molecular identification and the assessment of nematode diversity, we created and curated an 18S rRNA database specific to nematodes (18S-NemaBase) using sequences sourced from the most recent publicly available 18S rRNA SILVA v138 database. As part of the curation process, taxonomic strings were standardized to contain a fixed number of taxonomic ranks relevant to nematology and updated for the most recent accepted nematode classifications. In addition, apparent erroneous sequences were removed. To test the efficacy and accuracy of 18S-NemaBase, we compared it to an older but also curated SILVA v111 and the newest SILVA v138 by assigning taxonomies and analyzing the diversity of a nematode dataset from the Western Nebraska Sandhills. We showed that 18S-NemaBase provided more accurate taxonomic assignments and diversity assessments than either version of SILVA, with a much easier workflow and no need for manual corrections. Additionally, observed diversity further improved when 18S-NemaBase was supplemented with reference sequences from nematodes present in the study site. Although the 18S-NemaBase is a step in the right direction, a concerted effort to increase the number of high-quality, accessible, full-length nematode reference sequences is more important now than ever.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Ottolenchus isfahanicus n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Tylenchoidea) from Rhizosphere of Gramineous Plants in Isfahan Province, Iran
Authors: Mahboubi Zeinab , Keramat Mojtaba , Pourjam Ebrahim , Reza Atighi Mohammad , Clavero-Camacho Ilenia , Abolafia Joaquín , Castillo Pablo , Pedram Majid
Published: April 2023

A new species from the family Tylenchidae was recovered in the grasslands of Isfahan province, Iran, and is herein described based on morphological and molecular data. Ottolenchus isfahanicus n. sp. is mainly characterized by having a faintly annulated cuticle; elongated, slightly sigmoid amphidial apertures developed metacorpus with distinct valve under LM; vulva located at 69.472.3% of body length; large spermatheca about 2.75 times of corresponding body width; and elongated conoid tail with broadly rounded tip. SEM observations showed that the lip region is smooth; the amphidial apertures are elongated, slightly sigmoid slits; and the lateral field is a simple band. It is further characterized by 477-to-515-μm-long females with delicate 5.7-to-6.9-μm-long stylets with small, slightly posteriorly sloping knobs, as well as functional males, in the population. The new species closely resembles O. facultativus, but is separated from it based on morphological and molecular data. It was further morphologically compared with O. discrepans, O. fungivorus, and O. sinipersici. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species with other relevant genera and species were reconstructed using near-full-length sequences of small subunit and D2-D3 expansion segments of large subunit (SSU and LSU D2-D3). In the inferred SSU phylogeny, the newly generated sequence of Ottolenchus isfahanicus n. sp. formed a clade with two sequences of O. sinipersici and sequences assigned to O. facultativus and O. fungivorus. In the inferred LSU phylogeny, the three newly generated sequences of the new species and LSU sequences of O. sinipersici and O. discrepans formed a clade.
First Report of the Gastropod-Killing Nematode, Phasmarhabditis californica, in Washington State, U.S.A
Authors: Mc Donnell Rory J. , K. Howe Dana , R. Denver Dee
Published: April 2023

Phasmarhabditis californica, a commercially available biological control agent in England, Scotland, and Wales (Nemaslug 2.0 ®), was discovered for the first time in Washington State during 2022. Nematodes were recovered from the invasive gastropods Arion hortensis, Deroceras reticulatum, and Oxychilus sp. in garden centers in both Vancouver and Spokane. The 18S ribosomal RNA gene was used to identify the nematodes. This discovery builds upon previous reports of P. californica in California and Oregon and suggests that the species is widespread throughout the west coast of the U.S. Future research directions with P. californica are proposed.
How are polychlorinated biphenyls currently being produced, despite the production ban, and do they pose a risk to the environment?
Authors: Gabryszewska Marta
Published: April 2023

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group consisting of 209 congeners, differing in the number and site of substitution of chlorine atoms to the biphenyl molecule. Due to their physicochemical properties, they have found wide industry use. As a result of many years of large-scale use of PCBs, their toxic properties began to be noticed as they manifested in poisoning among humans. After thorough testing of PCBs, they were classified in the group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and their production was banned and they were withdrawn from use. Although PCBs are no longer produced in factories, they can still be formed. In this article, will be presented and explained methods of accidental formation of PCBs. Based on data from the literature, we performed an environmental risk assessment for PCB-contaminated soils.
Design of Mine Warfare Diving Technology. Standardisation Requirements
Authors: Kłos Ryszard
Published: April 2023

This article is consecutive in an unintended series on diving technology design [1,2]. Requests for a detailed account of the strategy
1 employed and its compatibility with methodology2 suggest that the earlier description of it proved too general [3]. In the first part, on the example of diving technology used in mine warfare systems, its design is briefly discussed in the light of meeting NATO Standardisation Organisation requirements. The article refers to the elements of the methodology3 applied in the work on the Nx-SCR CRABE SCUBA diving technology on the basis of the national theory4 containing primarily deterministic methods5 for modelling semi-closed SCR breathing systems6, enabling reliable research with previously unavailable efficiency [4,5].
VIS camera studies of the combustion process of pyrotechnic retarders of NGP-76 underwater fifle grenades
Authors: Miszczak M. , Warchoł R. , Gędziorowski M.P. , Piecuch M. , Grzeczka G.
Published: April 2023

The study presents the combustion process of the multi-segment, low-gas pyrotechnic column of the warhead retarder of the NGP-76 underwater rifle grenade, designed to combat divers with an underwater shock wave. The combustion process, i.e. process from the ignition of the first segment of the retarder to the completion of combustion of its last segment, was recorded with a VIS camera filming at 30 frames per second. The rapid, short combustion of these outermost segments containing zirconium and Pb3O4 (minium) was accompanied by a blinding plume of brightly glowing particles of zirconium dioxide and lead vapor. The combustion of the middle segments formed from the MGS-54 pyrotechnic mixture containing BaCrO4, KClO4 and Sb2S5, determining the duration of the delay, i.e. the delay produced by the retarder, was much slower and longer than that of the outermost segments. During the combustion of each MGS-54 segment, the combustion front took the form of a flat section in the initial part of the segment, i.e. in the area of higher density, while in the further part of the segment (with lower density) the shape of the front became irregular. At the MGS-54 segment boundary, the combustion front halted briefly. Behind the combustion front, a conical tail of luminous solid combustion products became clearly visible at the MGS-54 segment boundary. The gaseous combustion products of the MGS-54 segments, formed in small amounts and revealed as white plumes, were probably KCl vapor and/or sulfur dioxide. After combustion, the retarder column of the MGS-54 segments was green in color due to the presence of chromium compounds, possibly Ba(CrO2)2.
Underwater vehicles in the research work of Szczecin universities – systems and applications
Authors: Graczyk Tadeusz
Published: April 2023

The article presents the scope of research and application work on unmanned remotely operated deep-sea vehicle systems carried out at the then Szczecin University of Technology (now the West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin). The work culminated in the construction of said systems and subsequent pioneering underwater work using them, implemented in cooperation with maritime industry establishments.
Research on saturation diving in Poland and its implementation. Part I B. General characteristics of saturation diving research in our Poland. Pioneer times; 1967-1985
Authors: Skrzyński Stanisław
Published: April 2023

The article is the first in a series of articles on the research and implementation of saturation diving technology in our country which presents the specific Polish conditions and achievements against the background of economic and historical circumstances. In view of the fact that research and implementation has a history of more than half a century, selected key figures of this period are recalled, some of whom have disappeared in the fogs of history. In the specialized literature of the world, the Polish underwater habitats of Meduza are among top 6 countries that researched and implemented, this high technology of saturation diving. Regarded as the inspirer, pioneer and creator of the first saturation diving, he designed and developed the technique and decompression with the cooperation of a team of enthusiasts from clubs and professional divers, as well as engineering staff from the Tri-City enterprises. In the first part of the article the author characterizes the saturation dives in comparison with short dives with particular emphasis on decompression, which is the key to safe diving. The article also takes into account the technical conditions for the implementation of the first saturation dives. The author discusses the general methodology of validation and verification of the assumed decompression, referring to the Polish conditions. He describes how the medical, technical, and organizational problems of implementation of saturation diving were solved in the pioneering period against the background of world achievements. Furthermore, the author describes Polish habitat constructions of Meduza and Geonur types and their application to underwater work on the Polish shelf and coastal areas. Despite the great progress in the field of medicine and technology, as well as organization, the problems of saturation diving, despite the passage of time, remain relevant, as these are the most difficult dives from the point of view of organization, underwater physiology and safety technology.
Biological Threats in Diving Locations
Authors: Lewicka M. , Zawadzka M. , Siermontowski P. , Giermaziak W. , Henrykowska G.
Published: April 2023

Diving locations can pose various risks to divers. Health problems can be caused by, among other things, pathogenic microorganisms as well as flora and fauna endemic to the region. This paper discusses the consequences of exposure to biological pathogens endemic to the Red Sea region and possible preventive measures that can be taken before and during a diving expedition.
The influence of BCL2, BAX, and ABCB1 gene expression on prognosis of adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype patients
Authors: Pravdic Zlatko , Vukovic Nada Suvajdzic , Gasic Vladimir , Marjanovic Irena , Karan-Djurasevic Teodora , Pavlovic Sonja , Tosic Natasa
Published: April 2023

Background

Deregulation of the apoptotic process underlies the pathogenesis of many cancers, including leukemia, but is also very important for the success of chemotherapy treatment. Therefore, the gene expression profile of main apoptotic factors, such as anti-apoptotic BCL2 (B-cell lymphoma protein 2) and pro-apoptotic BAX (BCL2-associated X), as well as genes involved in the multi-drug resistance (ABCB1), could have significant impact on the prognosis and could be used as targets for specific therapy.

Patients and methods

We analyzed the expression of BCL2, BAX, and ABCB1 in bone-marrow samples collected at diagnosis from 51 adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype (AML-NK) using real-time polymerase chain reaction method, and examined their prognostic potential.

Results

Increased expression of BCL2 (BCL2
+) was associated with the presence of chemoresistance (p = 0.024), while patients with low BAX expression were more prone to relapse (p = 0.047). Analysis of the combined effect of BCL2 and BAX expression showed that 87% of patients with BAX/BCL2
low status were resistant to therapy (p = 0.044). High expression of ABCB1 was associated with BCL2
+ status (p < 0.001), and with absence FLT3-ITD mutations (p = 0.019).

Conclusions

The present analysis of BCL2, BAX, and ABCB1 gene expression profiles is the first study focusing solely on AML-NK patients. Preliminary results showed that patients with high BCL2 expression are likely to experience resistance to chemotherapy, and may benefit from specific anti-BCL2 treatment. Further investigations conducted on a larger number of patients could elucidate actual prognostic significance of these genes in AML-NK patients.
Subpleural fibrotic interstitial lung abnormalities are implicated in non-small cell lung cancer radiotherapy outcomes
Authors: Ito Makoto , Katano Takuma , Okada Hiroaki , Sakuragi Ami , Minami Yoshitaka , Abe Souichiro , Adachi Sou , Oshima Yukihiko , Ohashi Wataru , Kubo Akihito , Fukui Takayuki , Ito Satoru , Suzuki Kojiro
Published: April 2023

Background

The relationship between interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) and the outcomes of lung cancer radiotherapy is unclear. This study investigated whether specific ILA subtypes are risk factors for radiation pneumonitis (RP).

Patients and methods

This retrospective study analysed patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with radical-intent or salvage radiotherapy. Patients were categorised into normal (no abnormalities), ILA, and interstitial lung disease (ILD) groups. The ILA group was further subclassified into non-subpleural (NS), subpleural non-fibrotic (SNF), and subpleural fibrotic (SF) types. The Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression methods were used to determine RP and survival rates and compare these outcomes between groups, respectively.

Results

Overall, 175 patients (normal, n = 105; ILA-NS, n = 5; ILA-SNF, n = 28; ILA-SF, n = 31; ILD, n = 6) were enrolled. Grade ≥2 RP was observed in 71 (41%) patients. ILAs (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.33, p = 0.008), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (HR: 0.38, p = 0.03), and lung volume receiving 20 Gy (HR: 54.8, p = 0.03) contributed to the cumulative incidence of RP. Eight patients with grade 5 RP were in the ILA group, seven of whom had ILA-SF. Among radically treated patients, the ILA group had worse 2-year overall survival (OS) than the normal group (35.3% vs 54.6%, p = 0.005). Multivariate analysis revealed that the ILA-SF group contributed to poor OS (HR: 3.07, p =0.02).

Conclusions

ILAs, particularly ILA-SF, may be important risk factors for RP, which can worsen prognosis. These findings may aid in making decisions regarding radiotherapy.
Clear aligner therapy in contemporary orthodontics: A scoping review of scholarly literature
Authors: Adel Samar M. , Hansa Ismaeel , Vaid Nikhilesh R.
Published: April 2023

Objectives:

Over the last two decades, clear aligners have become a mainstay in contemporary orthodontic practice primarily due to improvements in digital and 3D printing technologies, a growing interest in esthetic orthodontics, especially in the adult population, and aggressive manufacturer marketing internationally.

Material and Methods:

PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched from January 1998 to November 2021. The search terms used were “Invisalign” OR “clear aligner.” A total of 7000 records were searched, of which 369 potentially relevant articles were retrieved in full. 190 studies met the selection criteria following screening and were included in the scoping review.

Results:

This review scopes and analyses published orthodontic literature about CA according to a year-wise distribution into 3 groups, 2001–2010/2011–2020/2021. Most of the studies were published in the period between 2011 and 2020, with 138 studies accounting for 73%. The year 2021 followed, with 31 studies accounting for 16%, which was greater than the number of studies published in 10 years from 2001 to 2010. Studies were also classified based on the study designs with most of the published studies representing the lowest level of evidence including case reports, case series, narrative reviews, expert opinions, and editorials accounting for 137 studies, whereas case-control studies were the least reported studies with only 4 studies reported in the literature. In addition, they were categorized into seven main domains: (1) Biological considerations associated with clear aligner therapy (CAT), (2) Treatment outcomes considerations associated with CAT, (3) Geometrical considerations associated with CAT (clinical), (4) Biomechanical considerations associated with CAT (Laboratory/Finite element analysis), (5) Biomaterial considerations associated with CAT, (6) Patient education and experience and aesthetic and social perception of CAT, and (7) Miscellaneous. Treatment outcome considerations associated with CAT had the greatest percentage representing 36% of the total published domains, while the final place was occupied by the biomechanical considerations associated with CAT accounting for only 4% of the published domains about CAT.

Conclusion:

Treatment outcome was the domain most commonly reported by studies accounting for (36%). Most of the published studies are at the lowest level of evidence including case reports, case series, narrative reviews, and expert opinions. The vast majority of studies utilized only a single clear aligner brand. There is a greater need for research that studies CAT from a holistic perspective.
Endoscopic Ultrasonography in a Tertiary Level Hospital: A Single-Centre Experience
Authors: KILIÇ Güner , KAYAR Yusuf
Published: April 2023

Introduction : Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is widely used to determine the character of lesions in the hepatobiliary system, pancreas, mediastinum, and rectum, in addition to subepithelial lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract and for staging in addition to sampling from the lesion.Aim: The aim of this study is to present the endoscopic ultrasonography experience of our clinic over the last year. Material and Methods: EUS indication were performed by two gastroenterologists using a Pentax EPK-i5000 video processor and linear and radial echoendoscopes, under the guidance of an anesthesiologist under sedoanalgesia. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study results were analyzed using SPSS vn. 22.0 software.Results: Evaluation was made of 155 patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasonography, comprising 88 (56.8%) females and 67 (43.2%) males with a mean age of 56.3±14.2 years (range: 19-91 years). The 41 patients who underwent the EUS procedure for pancreatic lesion comprised 24 (59%) males and 17 (41%) females with a mean age of 54.3±17.1 years.EUS was performed in 74 patients due to subepithelial lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract. These patients comprised 39 (52.7%) females and 35 (47.3%) males with a mean age of 55.2±13.5 years. Discussion The results of this study show that EUS is a reliable and very useful tool in appropriate indications, especially for the evaluation of subepithelial and malignant lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and ampulla pathologies. Conclusion and suggestions: Endoscopic ultrasonography; It is an effective and guiding method used in the diagnosis of submucosal lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, staging of malignant lesions, and the diagnosis of cystic and solid lesions of the pancreas.
BATI ANADOLU GRABENLERİNİN GELİŞİM SÜRECİ İÇİNDE SELÇUK GRABENİ’NİN MORFOTEKTONİK EVRİMİ
Authors: YILMAZ Yücel , GÜRER Ömer Feyzi , ERBAY Ayşe Yücel
Published: April 2023

Küçük Menderes Grabeni’nin batı ucunda yer alan ancak ondan sol yönlü yanal atımlı faylarla kesilip güneybatıya atılmış olan grabene bu çalışmada Selçuk Grabeni adı verilmiştir. Çünkü bu graben ana grabenden ileri evrelerde önemli farklılıklar geçirmiştir. Grabeni sınırlayan horstlarda metamorfik temel kayaları mostra vermektedir. Dolgusu ise Küçük Menderes Nehri’nin alüvyonundan oluşmaktadır.

Selçuk Grabeni asimetrik bir grabendir. Güney kanat morfolojik nitelikleriyle belirgin ve aktif kenardır. Normal faylar bu kanatta birkaç fay basamağı halindedir. Kuzey kanat aktif kenarı oluşturan kürek biçimli ana fayın tavan blokunda gelişmiş antitetik faylar olarak yorumlanabilir. Grabeni az çok uzanımına verev birçok yanal atımlı fay kesmiştir. Genç yapısal ögeler graben ve yakın çevrenin morfolojisindeki izleriyle tanınmaktadır.

Batı Anadolu’nun morfotektonik gelişim süreci içinde Selçuk Grabeni en geç gelişen grabenlerdendir. Küçük Menderes Grabeni, üzerinde yer aldığı horstun, Kuvaterner’de önce yükselip daha sonra çökmesi döneminde açılmıştır. Bu dönemde Selçuk Grabeni ana grabenin batıdaki uzanımında yer almıştır. Daha sonra özellikle sahil bölgelerinin morfotektoniğini büyük ölçüde değiştiren KKB doğrultulu sol yönlü yanal atımlı faylar ve bunlarla eşzamanlı fay çiftlerinin gelişmesiyle Küçük Menderes Grabeni’nden ayrılarak güneybatı yönünde ötelenmiş ve Küçük Menderes’le olan doğrudan bağlantısı kopmuştur. Geç Kuvaterner’de gelişmiş olan bu evreden sonra gelişimini bağımsız bir graben olarak sürdürmektedir.
Analysis of the Physical, Chemical and Mineralogical Properties of Gallstones in the Antalya Province of Turkey
Authors: YALCIN Mustafa Gurhan
Published: April 2023

The aim of the study is to determine chemical and physical properties of gallstones of Antalya province. In line with this, the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of 1243 gallstone samples from 69 patients were analyzed, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis.

Cholesterol, carbonate apatite, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate carbonate, calcium bilirubinate, and protein contents were observed. Cholesterol was detected in 95% of 69 samples patients, 44 of which were obtained from female patients. X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) analysis showed newberyite, struvite, and aragonite minerals were found in the gallstones. Newberyite was present in 59% of the samples.

Newberyite precipitates in cases where the pH value of the patient’s bile decreases and where the amount of magnesium in the bile is high. Failure in the degradation magnesium during metabolism may lead to the formation of newberyite in gallstones. Struvite is associated with the presence of ammonium phosphate in bile. Ammonium phosphate is present in plant fertilizers and can easily be dissolved in water. These minerals (newberyite and struvite) are present in the human body and, more importantly, are intricately involved in the body’s production and destruction mechanisms. Therefore, determining the source of these minerals is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of gallstone formation.
On the dynamic effects of the motion of the center of mass of a rotating solid bodies in the central field
Authors: Оникийчук Валерий Николаевич , Оникийчук Игорь Валерьевич
Published: April 2023

Предлагается модель движения твердого вращающегося тела в центральном гравитационном поле, которая учитывает массово-геометрические характеристики тела и фактор вращения тела относительно собственного центра масс. Осью вращения тела (относительно центра масс) является линия, соединяющая центр масс тела и центр инерциальной системы координат (центр гравитационного поля). Расстояние от центра масс тела до начала инерциальной системы является постоянным в процессе движения. В этом случае математической моделью движения являются динамические уравнения Эйлера для твердого тела с неподвижной точкой (классический «случай Эйлера- Пуансо»), Уравнения Эйлера-Пуансо представлены в проекции на инерциальные оси, на нормальные оси, а также в классическом виде - в проекции на оси, связанные с телом. Установлено, что при «малой» угловой скорости вращения относительно центра масс движение тела с высокой степенью точности совпадает с классической моделью движения точечной массы в центральном поле. В случае «большой» угловой скорости собственного вращения наблюдаются качественно новые динамические эффекты в движении тела. Так, например, изменяется ориентация вектора кинетического момента в инерциальном пространстве с соответствующим разворотом плоскости орбиты. При этом траектория движения выходит из классической плоскости орбиты и способна переходить в «спираль» и даже приобретать форму «орбитальной воронки». Новые нелинейные эффекты существенно усиливаются с ростом величины начальной угловой скорости вращения тела относительно собственного центра масс.

A model of motion of a solid rotating body in a central gravitational field is proposed, which takes into account the mass-geometric characteristics of the body and the factor of rotation of the body relative to its own center of mass. The axis of rotation of the body (relative to the center of mass) is the line connecting the center of mass of the body and the center of the inertial coordinate system (the center of the gravitational field). The distance from the center of mass of the body to the beginning of the inertial system is constant during movement. In this case, the mathematical model of motion is Euler's dynamic equations for a rigid body with a fixed point (the classic "Euler-Poinsot case"). The Euler-Poinsot equations are presented in projection on inertial axes, on normal axes, and also in classical form - in projection on axes connected with a body. It is established that at a "small" angular velocity of rotation relative to the center of mass, the motion of a body with a high degree of accuracy coincides with the classical model of the motion of a point mass in the central.
On decidability of finite subsets’ theory for dense linear order
Authors: Авхимович Николь Вадимовна , Дудаков Сергей Михайлович
Published: April 2023

В работе рассматриваются алгебраические системы, где в качестве носителя выступают конечные подмножества некоторой безатомной булевой алгебры. Для полученной системы мы вводим новое отношение для конечных подмножеств: считаем, что одно подмножество состоит в отношении с другим подмножеством в том и только том случае, когда все элементы одного подмножества меньше всех элементов другого. Мы демонстрируем, что теория построенной таким образом новой системы сводится к теории безатомных булевых алгебр. Следовательно, также как и теория исходной системы, теория новой системы оказывается разрешимой.

We consider atomless boolean algebras, and study algebraic structures where the universe consists of finite subsets of such an algebra. On these structures, we define the new relation between finite subsets: we say that one set is less than another one iff all elements of the first set are less than all elements of the second one. We show that the theory of constructed structure is reducible to the theory of original boolean algebra. Hence, the theory of constructed structure is decidable.
On construction of exact solutions of stationary quasi-hydrodynamic system using Lin's substitution
Authors: Шеретов Юрий Владимирович
Published: April 2023

Описаны новые точные решения стационарной квазигидродинамической (КГД) системы, которые не удовлетворяют ни уравнениям Навье-Стокса, ни уравнениям Эйлера. С помощью подстановки Линя указанная КГД система свелась к системе обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений, которая была до конца проинтегрирована. При $c_s\to +\infty$, где $c_s$ - скорость звука в жидкости, построенные решения стремятся к соответствующим точным решениям системы Навье-Стокса.

New exact solutions of stationary quasi-hydrodynamic (QHD) system that do not satisfy either the Navier–Stokes equations or the Euler equations are described. With the help of Lin's substitution, the indicated QHD system was reduced to the system of ordinary differential equations, which was fully integrated. For $c_s\to +\infty$, where $c_s$ is the sound velocity in the liquid, the constructed solutions tend to the corresponding exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes system.
Institutional Conservativism and the Right to Exclude
Authors: Sandven Hallvard
Published: April 2023

This article offers a critical analysis of Blake’s ‘jurisdictional theory’ of the border control and, especially, its state-based methodology. It then draws on this analysis to discuss the merits of analysing global migration through the lens of ‘the right to exclude’. Blake’s theory demands serious attention in light of its promise to combine a normative account of exclusion with an uncontroversial descriptive account of the state. Despite its initial appeal, however, the theory is shown to face serious problems. First, its central normative principle turns out to be able to yield an account of justified exclusion only at the cost of departing from the theory’s purported emphasis on the state. Second, and more importantly, its state-based methodology is shown to be unable to generate a convincing account of the legitimacy of border control, as opposed to the justice of exclusion. It is argued that this point is relevant for the analytical debate on immigration and borders more generally, in light of institutional phenomena that characterise the contemporary practice of border control. In this context, an excessive focus on the right to exclude can work to mask significant exercises of state power.
The Right to Emigrate
Authors: Sharp Daniel
Published: April 2023

It is widely believed that there’s a right to emigrate. But what justifies this right? This paper explores this issue. It first argues that existing defenses of the right to emigrate are incomplete. It then outlines a novel egalitarian defense of the right to emigrate, on which that right is in part justified as a protection against social inequality. After considering objections, it argues that this account of the right to emigrate entails a limited right to immigrate and that states are under a collective duty to institute a global migration system which protects effective exit.
Fish oil supplementation in diabetic nephropathy prevents: inflammatory and
oxidative stress target
Authors: Sasongko H. , Nurrochmad A. , Nugroho A.E. , Rohman A.
Published: April 2023

Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of progressive kidney disease and end-stage renal
disease. The major treatment strategy for the prevention and cure of diabetic nephropathy
development and progression is based on the management of blood glucose, blood
pressure, lipids, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Fish oil is important for human health
because of its high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids like omega-3. Inflammatory and
oxidative stress pathways are potential targets of omega-3 fish oil for the development of
diabetic nephropathy. Many studies have proven the activity of fish oil for both single and
adjuvant therapy. However, not all experiments on animal models are effective in human
research. This review provides thoughts on progress in research on a pre-clinical and
clinical study of fish oil as a diabetic nephropathy therapy. According to a literature
search, fish oil inhibits inflammation, specifically tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1,
interleukin-6, and nuclear factor-κB. Several markers have an influence on oxidative stress,
including glutathione, superoxide dismutase-1, catalase, glutathione peroxidase-1,
glutathione reductase, and malondialdehyde. Several investigations have shown that
research findings in experimental animals are not always the same as those in clinical trials.
The main findings of this review were to identify the main causes of oxidative stress and
inflammation from the use of fish oil in the prevention of diabetic nephropathy. Different
results were found in several animal experiments and clinical tests, but they should be
considered when treating diabetes. In the future, things like where the oil comes from and
how good the fish oil is must also be considered carefully.
Characterization and determination of hydrolysis process parameters of
superior sweet starch CIP-types enzymatically
Authors: Ega L.
Published: April 2023

Indonesia is rich in starch raw materials, but until now is still importing sugar and
modified starch for food and non-food industrial raw materials. One of the reasons is the
limited information regarding the feasibility of starches as industrial raw materials. Based
on the whiteness and the high content of starch, the research institution of Centro
International de La Papa (CIP) in Indonesia has produced five clones of superior sweet
potatoes, which are CIP-1, CIP-2, CIP-3, CIP-4 and CIP-5. The feasibility of starch for
industrial raw materials is not only seen from the physical aspect but also from the
chemical aspect and process parameters. This research aims to study the physical and
chemical properties of superior CIP-type and local sweet potato starch, as well as
determine the best process parameter to be used in the enzymatic hydrolysis industry.
Sweet potato starches that had been tested were five CIP starches and local sweet potato
starches, using descriptive statistics method and Completely Randomized Design. The
characteristics of physical and chemical properties under the study were degree of
whiteness, granule size, amylose and amylopectin levels. The parameter processes tested
were temperature and concentration of alpha amylase enzyme with observed variables
comprising gelatinization time, reaction speed, dextrose equivalent (DE) and Unit
Brabender (UB). According to the results of the research, it was found that starch types
CIP-1, CIP-2 and CIP-5 were more qualified to be used for raw materials in the hydrolysis
industry than CIP-3, CIP-4 and local sweet potato starch. Meanwhile, the best process
parameter for hydrolysis was liquification at a temperature of 85oC and concentration of
alpha amylase enzyme of 0.07%.
Comparative challenges, cost, and profitability of cooperative versus noncooperative farmers: case of arabica coffee in Indonesia
Authors: Kaido B. , Takashino N.
Published: April 2023

Coffee plays an important role as an Indonesian agricultural plantation commodity.
Although Arabica coffee, which has a higher selling price on the international market than
other coffee types, is a crucial source of income for small farmers, the production and
quality of Indonesian coffee are very low, which affects the farmers’ income. Agricultural
cooperatives can boost the welfare of members and society in general. However, despite
the potential benefits of such cooperatives, many small farmers remain sceptical and are
reluctant to become members. Within this context, our study aimed to quantitatively
examine and compare the challenges, costs, and profitability of agricultural cooperatives
using the Kerinci Regency in Indonesia as a case study. We used data obtained through a
direct economic survey of 102 randomly selected farmers. Our results indicated that net
profit differed significantly between cooperative and non-cooperative farmers and that
hired labor represented the most variable costs for all farmers. Our novel findings
highlight the financial benefits of agricultural cooperatives for small farmers.
Rehabilitative Landscapes
Authors:   , Heckett Maisie
Published: April 2023

Across the world, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as depression, anxiety, obesity and cancers are rising. While traditional hospital�based healthcare and treatment models will always be needed, there is a rapidly increasing understanding of the value therapeutic, rehabilitative and sensory gardens have in health promotion and disease prevention. Since the mid-1990s there has been increase in awareness of creating healthcare environments that function as efficient, hygienic environments that also have stress reducing characteristics. The use and benefits of therapeutic gardens has been understood to have healing benefits for patients in healthcare environments for more than a thousand years. The benefits of implementing natural and therapeutic landscapes in hospital and healthcare design, have been supported by studies indicating that creating a stimulative outdoor environment yields long term benefits including shortened patient stays, reduced staff turnover and improved staff longevity. With most healthcare facilities usually under strong pressure to control and reduce costs, whilst increasing the quality of care, it could be concluded that additional investments into exterior landscapes are viable and effective solutions.

The Birmingham Children’s Hospital in the United Kingdom is used as a design case study, testing the relationships between infrastructure and therapeutic landscape design to achieve positive results for human health and wellbeing. Results suggest that design interventions can redefine the relationship between healthcare environments and their surrounding context to promote therapeutic outcomes.
Application of a new electrochemical sensor for voltammetric determination of p-nitrophenol and betulin
Authors: Nurpeiis E. , Slepchenko G. B. , Bogoslovski V. , Moiseeva E. S.
Published: April 2023

A highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on a Surface Active Modifier (SAM) consisting of Taunit-M carbon nanotubes and mesoporous carbon (NanoTechCenter LLC, Tambov, Russia) is developed for the voltammetric determination of betulin and p-nitrophenol. The effect of the modifier concentration on the electrode surface on the analytical signal of betulin was studied, and a method for modifying the surface of the SAM graphite electrode was developed. The developed method is easy to use, fast, stable, sensitive, and cost-effective procedure, which can be used to detect these analytes in real samples. Voltammograms of p-nitrophenol were obtained for the first time on the developed modified electrochemical sensor and the dependence of the height of its analytical signal on the pH of a phosphate buffer thus obtained was studied in a wide pH range from 4 to 12, a background electrolyte with optimal pH was also chosen. Proceeding from the calibration dependences of the height of the betulin analytical signal on the concentration obtained for various background electrolytes with different pH and cation-anion composition, a background electrolyte with the maximum sensitivity of the analytical signal was selected on a modified electrochemical sensor. Study of cyclic voltammograms was carried out to understand the electrode processes, exhibiting a pronounced peak of anodic oxidation observed in a potential range from 0.7 to 0.9 V. However, there was no peak in the cathodic direction which indicates the irreversible nature of the electrode process. When determining the nature of currents, the Semerano criterion equal to 1.6 was calculated, which indicates the absence of the contribution of the diffusion component of the current. Verification of the correctness of the voltammetric method for determining betulin on a new  

electrochemical sensor was carried out using the «spike-test» method. The data obtained show that the voltammetric determination of betulin can be carried out with a measurement error not exceeding 15%. The proposed modified electrodes were compared with previously known electrodes for the determination of pentacyclic triterpenoids and pesticides at concentrations of 0.5 × 10–3 – 8.0 × 10–3 mg/dm3.
Orthogonalization of the measuring basis of triaxial vibration transducers by the method of successive approximations
Authors: Zhdanov A. S.
Published: April 2023

The transversal sensitivity of tri-axial vibration transducers, which have found vast application in various vibration measuring and material testing systems, decreases the accuracy of measurements. We present a solution to the problem of eliminating the error attributed to the presence of the transverse sensitivity. The measurement error depends on many factors including the ratio of vibration components along the sensitivity axes, the width of the vibration spectrum, and the presence of intrinsic resonances of the vibration transducers in the main and transverse directions. The developed method provides almost complete compensation of the error. Analysis of the components of sensitivity vectors along the measuring directions showed that the transversal sensitivity vectors are in fact the parasitic penetrations from other directions, and can be decomposed along the measuring axes. To orthogonalize the sensitivity vectors during calibration, the sensitivity vectors should be rotated until they coincide with the orthogonal directions. A measuring basis with zero transverse sensitivities is thus obtained, and the sensitivity matrix is reduced to a diagonal form. With this approach the fundamentals and practical algorithm using successive approximations of triaxial transducer calibration with orthogonalization are outlined. Each orthogonalization step is illustrated by the current sensitivity matrix, showing the progress of transversal sensitivity reduction. The results of the developed tri-axial transducer coupled to a special preamplifier-converter with transversal sensitivities reduced to nearly zero values using the developed method are presented. Since calibration is carried out without dismantling of a vibration transducer, it can be carried out not only during its manufacture, but also during verification upon operation, which increases the service life. The use of the described technique not only improves the metrological parameters of vibration transducers, but also provides a significant reduction of the requirements for the accuracy of manufacturing their measuring system, thus reducing the production costs. The presented method is promising for the developing new precise multi-axis vibration transducers and measuring systems on their base.
Study of the microstructure of metastable austenitic chromium manganese steel 14Kh15G9ND by optical and electron microscopy
Authors: Chernigin M. A. , Sorokina S. A. , Vorobyev R. A.
Published: April 2023

Modern metallography being a complex of qualitative and quantitative methods is widely used to analyze the microstructure of metal alloys. We present the results of studying the microstructure of austenitic chromium-manganese steel 14Kh15G9ND by optical and electron microscopy. The method of etching and the reagent, the most suitable for this steel grade, which provide identification of the main structural and phase components (austenite, twins, slip strips) of the steel were selected using the existing techniques. The results of optical and scanning microscopy of the samples deformed with a different degree of cold plastic deformation were compared with each other. It is shown that electrochemical etching in an aqueous solution of chromium anhydride should be used for qualitative determination of the steel microstructure. Optimal parameters of the current density and voltage were also determined. The results obtained can be used for optical microscopy of chromium-manganese steels, as well as for a more complete study of the dislocation structures present in them using scanning microscopy.