bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TYPES AND ASPECTS OF TRANSFORMATION OF LITERARY TEXT IN TRANSLATION
Authors: Кафанова О.Б.
Published: May 2024

Статья посвящена выявлению видов трансформации художе-ственного текста при переводе. Представленные материалы взяты из исследо-ваний автора. Актуальность заявленной проблемы обусловлена важностью со-хранения при переводе адекватности исходного текста. В работе используются культурологический, историко-переводческий, сравнительно-исторический ме-тоды анализа. Делается вывод о множестве объективных (обусловленных «ис-торическим моментом») и субъективных (связанных с квалификацией перевод-чика и критиков) причин трансформации переводного художественного текста.

The article is devoted to identifying types of transformation of a liter-ary text in the process of translation. The presented materials are taken from the au-thor's research. The relevance of the stated problem is due to the importance of pre-serving the adequacy of the source text during translation. The work uses cultural, historical-translation, comparative-historical methods of analysis. The conclusion about many objective (due to the “historical moment”) and subjective (related to the qualifications of the translator and critics) reasons for the transformation of the trans-lated literary text is drawn. Key words: translation, transformation, literary text, history and theory of translation, adequacy.
LITERARY ASSOCIATIONS OF YUGRA AS FORM OF ORGANIZATION OF CULTURAL SPACE OF REGION
Authors: Ганущак Н.В.
Published: May 2024

В статье рассмотрена роль литературных объединений Ханты-Мансийского автономного округа-Югра в формировании культурного простран-ства региона, дан обзор деятельности и история создания наиболее значимых объединений округа. Представлены литературные, творческие, самодеятельные объединения литераторов вокруг поэтического творчества, способствующие раз-витию писательского мастерства, исполнительского искусства и творческих спо-собностей людей. Определена роль местных объединений в создании единого югорского культурного пространства. Актуальность темы обусловлена общим интересом к литературному творчеству как эстетически значимому аспекту законченной знаково-симоволической системы, влияющей на осмысляемую в настоящее время категорию югорского текста как литературоведческой категории.

The article examines the role of literary associations of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Ugra in the formation of the cultural space of the region, provides an overview of the activities and history of the creation of the most significant associations in the district. Literary, creative, amateur associations of people around poetic creativity are presented, promoting the development of writing, performing arts and creative abilities of people. The role of local associations in the creation of a single Ugra cultural space is determined. The relevance of the topic is due to the general in-terest in literary creativity as an aesthetically significant aspect of a complete sign-symbolic system that influences the currently comprehended category of Ugra text as a literary category.
DISCOVERING WORLD OF YUGRA. BOOK REVIEW: LARKOVICH D.V., ET ALL. (EDS.) YUGRA TEXT AS MULTICULTURAL PHENOMENON: COLLECTIVE MONOGRAPH. TYUMEN: EXPRESS, 2023. 384 P.
Authors: Параскева Е.В.
Published: May 2024

Рецензия характеризует коллективную монографию, адресо-ванную научным работникам, преподавателям вузов и школ, студентам, всем, кто интересуется литературои , культурои , историеи ХМАО Югры. Авторы дан-ного издания рассматривают югорскии текст с позиции его семантики и идеоло-гии, концептосферы, лексики и фразеологии, публицистического и художе-ственного дискурсов, выявляя особенности сверхтекста и имагологические модели Югры. На материале творчества известных югорских поэтов и прозаиков (Е.Д. Аи пина, А.С. Тарханова, Ю.Н. Шесталова, Е.С. Логиновои , В.С. Волдина и др.) авторы монографии комментируют как специфические признаки югорского текста, так и его встроенность в отечественныи и мировои литературныи про-цесс, представляют лингвокультурологические характеристики произведении различных периодов и жанров. Настоящее издание включает исследования, концентрирующие в себе наиболее сложные и актуальные аспекты югорскои литературы и культуры, раскрывающие магистральные линии и проблемы раз-вития регионального югорского текста как обязательного элемента культурно исторического и языкового пространства края. Большинство представленных работ являются итогом многолетних исследовании и содержат обширныи науч-но исследовательскии материал.

The review characterizes a scientific collective monograph addressed to researchers, university and school teachers, students, and anyone interested in literature, culture, and the history of the Khanty--Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. The authors of this publication consider the Yugra text from the standpoint of its se-mantics and ideology, conceptual sphere, vocabulary and phraseology, journalistic and artistic discourses, identifying the features of the supertext and imagological models of Yugra. Based on the material of the works of famous Yugra poets and prose writers (E.D. Aipin, A.S. Tarkhanov, Yu.N. Shestalov, E.S. Loginova, V.S. Voldin and many others), the authors of the monograph identify both the specific features of the Yugra text and its embeddedness in the domestic and world literary process, present the linguistic and cultural characteristics of works of various periods and genres. This publication includes research that concentrates the most complex and relevant aspects of Ugric culture, revealing the main lines and problems of the development of the regional Ugric text as an obligatory element of the cultural and historical space of the region. Most of the presented works are the result of many years of research and contain extensive research material.
INCORPORACIÓN DE LA GESTIÓN DEL RIESGO DE DESASTRES Y RESPUESTA AL COVID-19 EN LAS INSTITUCIONES DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR
Authors: García Lemus Víctor Manuel
Published: May 2024

La incorporación de la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres en la Educación Superior es un proceso complejo y muchas veces lento, porque depende de la incidencia política en los más altos niveles de toma de decisiones y a veces afectada por procesos burocráticos. Por otro lado, se asume que las universidades tienen capacidades instaladas para estos temas, sin embargo, la experiencia dice lo contrario. Es este artículo presentamos la experiencia que la Red Universitaria de las Américas para la Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres ha desarrollado en la región, especialmente como parte de la sistematización del proyecto de “incorporación de la RRD en las instituciones de Educación Superior en Latinoamérica”, con énfasis en la experiencia y resultados de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala y como esta incorporación de la RRD ha contribuido a un buen manejo de la pandemia del Covid-19. Se realiza una descripción detallada de los resultados y se identifican los factores clave del proceso.
EL ENFOQUE AMBIENTAL Y SISTÉMICO DE LA VULNERABILIDAD HUMANA ANTE AMENAZAS GLOBALES COMO EL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO Y PANDEMIAS COMO EL COVID-19. HACIA UNA TEORÍA DEL AMBIENTE
Authors: Delgado Villasmil Jesús Rafael
Published: May 2024

Este trabajo es un análisis de la vulnerabilidad humana a la pandemia del virus COVID19, desde el enfoque ambiental y sistémico de la vulnerabilidad, basado en el impacto causado en países con diferente modelo político y económico, lo que ha permitido validar los factores y principios de la vulnerabilidad humana, los entornos ambientales como áreas de decisión y el ambiente como una integración de los entornos ambientales. Por otra parte, se generó un perfil de vulnerabilidad en un centro poblado en Venezuela, similar en su cultura y estructura urbana, actividades y edificaciones, a las de los barrios consolidados urbanos de este país, con el objeto de mostrar la posible incidencia de las decisiones tomadas por los organismos multilaterales en el control de la pandemia en los centros urbanos. Este centro poblado fue seleccionado porque fue afectado por un alud torrencial en 2022, que dejó entre 50 y 100 personas fallecidas, lo cual resulta en una oportunidad para determinar la percepción y valoración del riesgo. La población urbana en Venezuela, representa aproximadamente el 89% de la población total del país; más del 50% de la cual reside en áreas metropolitanas conformadas por conurbaciones, ciudades dormitorio y ciudades carretera, como es el caso de esta ciudad, en donde confluyen las dos vías con mayor tráfico en Venezuela, la carretera Panamericana y la autopista regional del centro. El 60% de la población del país, vive en zonas de riesgo similares a las del caso de estudio.
Association of Vitamin D with Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Faisal Ramzan , Ali Saad Abu Bakar
Published: May 2024

Objective: To investigate the relationship between vitamin D level in serum and cardiovascular diseases.
Study Design: Prospective study.
Place and duration:  Study was conducted in Choudhary Parvez Ellahi institute of cardiology in one year duration from 1st February 2020 to 1st February 2021.
Methodology: One hundred and fifty patients presented with cardiac illness at emergency department were enrolled in study. Serum vitamin D hydroxyl level was divided into three categories deficiency, insufficiency and deficiency. SPSS version 23 was used for fata analysis. P value ≤0.5 was taken as significant.
Results: Serum 25(OH) D levels in both the groups were shown in table. III. In the non-CVD Group, 48% of patients were deficient. 56% of patients were insufficient and n=30 (40%) patients were sufficient serum level. While, in CVD Group, n=44 (58.6%) patients were deficient. 37.3% of patients were insufficient, and 61.3% patients were sufficient serum level. The differences were statistically significant.
Conclusion: Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D at lower values associated with increased cardiovascular diseases. Further studies are needed to recommend vitamin D supplements to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Efficacy and Safety of Streptokinase and Tenecteplase in Patients with ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Faisal Ramzan  , Javed Noshad , Ur Rehman Inam
Published: May 2024

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Streptokinase (STK) and Tenecteplase (TNK) in ST elevation myocardial infarction patients.
Study Design: Randomized control trial.
Place and duration: Study was conducted at Ch Pervaiz Ellahi institute of cardiology hospital Multan from May 2022 to April 2023.
Methodology: Patients of ST elevation myocardial infarction presented within six hours of onset of symptoms were included in the study. Patients were divided into two equal groups (STK and TNK). Patients in STK group were thrombolysed with streptokinase and in TNK group were treated with Tenecteplase. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis.
Results: ST-resolution Pre-PCI at 90 minutes in STK and TNK groups was observed as 68% and 80%, respectively. While post-PCI ST-resolution was found in 80% and 88% patients of STK and TNK groups, respectively. Major bleeding events were found in 8% patients of STK Group and in 4% patients of TNK Group. The differences were statistically insignificant, and no association was found.
Conclusion: Both drugs Streptokinase and Tenecteplase are equally effective when given in correct timeline in patients of ST segment myocardial infarction. Efficacy and safety of TNK is also like STK when administered in equal time frame.
Anti-dengue activity of synthetic peptides increases antiviral interferon-beta genes in LLC-MK2 cells
Authors: Rabablert Jundee , Masrinoul Promsin , Yoksan Sutee , Rajakam Supoth , Sengsai Supanyika , Changirakul Korakot , Sangngam Prayad , Techaarpornkul Sunee , Roytrakul Sittiruk
Published: May 2024

Dengue virus (DV) causes dengue diseases in human via the Aedes mosquitoes. Fatal cases of dengue hemorrhagic fevers show a complication of acute kidney injury. Previous reports revealed that synthetic DV2(413-440), DV2(413-447), and DV2(419-447) peptides inhibit the dengue envelope proteins in Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells, but nothing is known about the effect of these peptides on mammalian cells in relation to adaptive and innate immunities. In this study, the anti-dengue activity of these synthetic peptides in Rhesus monkey kidney LLC-MK2 cells was investigated at the cellular and molecular levels. Moreover, the effects of these synthetic peptides on apoptotic caspase-10, pro-inflammatory interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and antiviral interferon-beta genes in LLC-MK2 cells were also sought. The results revealed the maximum non-toxic doses of DV2 (413-440), DV2 (413-447), and DV2 (419-447) in LLC-MK2 cells, with values of 77.88± 0.52, 47.01±1.32, and 63.82±1.97 µM, respectively. At 25 µM concentration, synthetic DV2 (413-447) and DV2 (419-447) peptides showed 100% plaque inhibition in simultaneous treatment. By contrast, these peptides showed ≤58% plaque inhibition in pre- and post-treatment at 7 days post-incubation. These synthetic peptides also inhibited Dengue 2 virus, apoptotic caspase-10, pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1beta genes. On the other hand, these peptides upregulated the antiviral interferon-beta gene in innate immunity. This study is the first report to reveal the anti-dengue activity of synthetic DV2 (413-440), DV2 (413-447), and DV2 (419-447) peptides in adaptive and innate immunity.
Histological examination of porcine oviduct, ovary, cumulus-oocyte complexes, and follicular fluid secretion
Authors: Panyarachun Busaba , Chuen-Im Thanaporn , Khongkarat Phanthiwa , Gumlungpat Nongnuch , Panyarachun Panadda , Youngsabanant Mayuva
Published: May 2024

The porcine reproductive system, while inedible, is a valuable source of hormone and growth factors for cell maturation. The present study investigated the morphological features of the oviduct, ovary, and cumulus-oocyte complexes of Large White pigs and protein patterns of the follicular fluid in the ovaries. Pig ovaries (n=71) were collected from local slaughterhouses in Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand. A total of 3,510 oocytes were obtained and categorized based on follicle size as small (1-3 mm in diameter; n=2,910), medium (4-6 mm in diameter; n=530), and large (7-8 mm in diameter; n=70). The examination of oocytes revealed that they were intact cumulus cell layer oocytes, multi cumulus cell layer oocytes, partial cumulus cell layer oocytes, completely denuded oocytes, and degenerated oocytes. The oviduct comprised three anatomical regions: the isthmus, ampulla, and infundibulum. The infundibulum had the largest diameter, whereas the isthmus had the smallest diameter. The protein patterns of the follicular fluid were analyzed via a molecular weight-based approach using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the fluid in both small and medium follicles contained proteins of molecular weights of 23, 50, 100, 225, and >225 kDa. For large follicles, proteins of molecular weights of 12, 16, 23, 50, 100, 225, and >225 kDa were detected in the follicular fluid. These findings would be useful for biotechnological studies in the future.
Kajian Upaya Mitigasi Struktural dan Nonstruktural Bencana Banjir di Kota Kendari
Authors: Wahid Khalil Abdul
Published: May 2024

The government and the community need to take various mitigation measures to reduce the impact and losses caused by flooding in Kendari City. This study aims to examine flood disaster mitigation efforts implemented in Kendari City. Qualitative descriptive research was applied and analyzed using the Miles and Hubermann analysis method. The structural mitigation efforts carried out between the Kendari City Government, stakeholders, and the community include the construction of river embankments, flood retention ponds, repair of the city's drainage system, installation of river water level monitoring devices, installation of flood-prone signs, and disaster evacuation routes, as well as the construction of embankments and modifications to the house building. Non-structural mitigation includes: making disaster regulations, conducting risk assessments, threats, and flood vulnerability, mapping disaster-prone areas and flood evacuation routes, assisting in research activities or research on flood disasters, forming Disaster Preparedness Groups, making appeals, cleaning rivers and drainage channels, conducting socialization activities and disaster training to the general public and school environment, as well as disaster insurance.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Hasil Panen Padi Oryza sativa L
Authors: Ardian
Published: May 2024

Mengingat padi berperan sebagai bahan makanan utama, ketersediaan padi memainkan peran kunci dalam mencapai ketahanan pangan nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengalisis faktor-faktor yang memepengaruhi hasil panen padi melalui studi literatur. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan cara membaca sumber yang relevan untuk memperoleh data yang diperlukan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data sekunder yang dianalisis dan berkaitan dengan variabel penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan faktor yang sangat mempengaruhi hasil panen padi yaitu variabel luas lahan. Sedangkan variabel yang berpengaruh yaitu tenaga kerja. Pupuk urea, modal, pengalaman, dan produksi dinilai cukup berpengaruh terhadap hasil panen padi.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Dengan Sikap Masyarakat Dalam Memberikan Pertolongan Pada Korban Henti Jantung
Authors: Deswita Reny
Published: May 2024

Latar Belakang: angka kematian akibat henti jantung masih sangat tinggi, yaitu sekitar 475.000 kasus kematian. Kondisi henti jantung wajib diberi pertolongan secepatnya karena menyebabkan sirkulasi darah keseluruh tubuh dapat terganggu.  Masyarakat umum memiliki sangat berperan dalam memberikan pertolongan pertama pada korban henti jantung yang terjadi di luar rumah sakit.  Tujuan: mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan sikap masyarakat dalam memberi pertolongan pada pasien henti jantung di RW 04 Kelurahan Batu Ceper. Metode: menggunakan rancangan penelitian Cross Sectional, sampel 93 responden, melalui purposive sampling technique, data didapatkan dengan memberikan kuesioner kepada responden yang kemudian diolah dengan uji analisis Rank Spearman. Hasil: tingkat pengetahuan kurang sebanyak 45 orang (48,4%) dengan sikap buruk masyarakat sebanyak 56 orang (60,2%). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat dengan nilai p value (0,000) < α (0,05). Kesimpulan: semakin tinggi tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat, maka akan semakin baik sikapnya dalam memberikan pertolongan kepada pasien henti jantung.
Digital detox: Forbedrer det studerendes aktivitet og trivsel?
Authors: Lindell Johanna , Ellemose Lindvig Katrine , Stenalt Maria Hvid , Madsen Lian Malai , Ursbak-Bamberg Katrine , Nielsen Søren Beck
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Brugen af digitale devices såsom bærbare computere, tablets og mobiltelefoner i undervisningssituationer er genstand for ophedet debat i det aktuelle politiske landskab. I didaktiske kredse hersker der ligeledes stor interesse for emnet. I denne artikel diskuterer vi, hvilken rolle timeouts fra brugen af digitale devices (digital detox) spiller for graden af aktivitet og oplevet trivsel blandt universitetsstuderende. Vi sammenligner to undervisningsforløb: et med ureguleret brug af digitale devices og et med kraftigt reguleret, dvs. hvor studerende overhovedet ikke benytter sådanne enheder i undervisningen. Disse forløb undersøges igennem videoetnografiske metoder, deltagerobservation, interview, survey, samt videoassisterede interview. Studies resultater er ikke entydige, men indikerer dog, at digitale timeouts og regulering a) ikke nødvendigvis i selv medfører højere aktivitetsniveau, men b) kan føre til oplevelser af styrket trivsel.
Gruppearbejde på Ungdoms- og videregående uddannelser – Begrundelser og perspektiver
Authors: Poulsen Simon
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Antologien 'Gruppearbejde på ungdoms- og videregående uddannelser' af Henriette Duch (red.) et. al. er et kærkomment bidrag til didaktisk refleksion over gruppearbejde. Gennem en almen didaktisk tilgang udforsker bogen kompleksiteten af gruppearbejde som pædagogisk koncept, hvor fokus rækker ud over blot at handle om mål og midler. Med 10 kapitler, der spænder fra politiske idéer til evalueringsteknikker og professionelt samarbejde, opfordrer Duch og antologiens bidragsydere læseren til at overveje formålet og betydningen af gruppearbejde i undervisningen. Selvom nogle kapitler mangler dybde, leverer andre konkrete handlingsmuligheder og refleksioner, hvilket gør bogen til et skridt i retning af et bredere didaktisk perspektiv på gruppearbejde.
Biobank-wide association scan identifies risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease and endophenotypes
Authors: Yan Donghui , Hu Bowen , Darst Burcu F , Mukherjee Shubhabrata , Kunkle Brian W , Deming Yuetiva , Dumitrescu Logan , Wang Yunling , Naj Adam , Kuzma Amanda , Zhao Yi , Kang Hyunseung , Johnson Sterling C , Carlos Cruchaga , Hohman Timothy J , Crane Paul K , Engelman Corinne D ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC), Lu Qiongshi
Published: May 2024

Rich data from large biobanks, coupled with increasingly accessible association statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), provide great opportunities to dissect the complex relationships among human traits and diseases. We introduce BADGERS, a powerful method to perform polygenic score-based biobank-wide association scans. Compared to traditional approaches, BADGERS uses GWAS summary statistics as input and does not require multiple traits to be measured in the same cohort. We applied BADGERS to two independent datasets for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD; n=61,212). Among 1738 traits in the UK biobank, we identified 48 significant associations for AD. Family history, high cholesterol, and numerous traits related to intelligence and education showed strong and independent associations with AD. Furthermore, we identified 41 significant associations for a variety of AD endophenotypes. While family history and high cholesterol were strongly associated with AD subgroups and pathologies, only intelligence and education-related traits predicted pre-clinical cognitive phenotypes. These results provide novel insights into the distinct biological processes underlying various risk factors for AD.
Amoeboid cells undergo durotaxis with soft end polarized NMIIA
Authors: Kang Chenlu , Chen Pengcheng , Yi Xin , Li Dong , Hu Yiping , Yang Yihong , Cai Huaqing , Li Bo , Wu Congying
Published: May 2024

Cell migration towards stiff substrates has been coined as durotaxis and implicated in development, wound healing, and cancer, where complex interplays between immune and non-immune cells are present. Compared to the emerging mechanisms underlying the strongly adhesive mesenchymal durotaxis, little is known about whether immune cells - migrating in amoeboid mode - could follow mechanical cues. Here, we develop an imaging-based confined migration device with a stiffness gradient. By tracking live cell trajectory and analyzing the directionality of T cells and neutrophils, we observe that amoeboid cells can durotax. We further delineate the underlying mechanism to involve non-muscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) polarization towards the soft-matrix-side but may not require differential actin flow up- or down-stiffness gradient. Using the protista Dictyostelium, we demonstrate the evolutionary conservation of amoeboid durotaxis. Finally, these experimental phenomena are theoretically captured by an active gel model capable of mechanosensing. Collectively, these results may shed new lights on immune surveillance and recently identified confined migration of cancer cells, within the mechanically inhomogeneous tumor microenvironment or the inflamed fibrotic tissues.
Dysregulated Ca2+ signaling, fluid secretion, and mitochondrial function in a mouse model of early Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Huang Kai-Ting , Wagner Larry E. , Takano Takahiro , Lin Xiao-Xuan , Bagavant Harini , Deshmukh Umesh , Yule David I.
Published: May 2024

Saliva is essential for oral health. The molecular mechanisms leading to physiological fluid secretion are established, but factors that underlie secretory hypofunction, specifically related to the autoimmune disease Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) are not fully understood. SS-like disease was induced by the treatment with 5,6-Dimethyl-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), an activator of the stimulator of the interferon gene (STING) pathway. This mouse model mimics exposure to foreign cytoplasmic ribonucleotides occurring following viral and bacterial infection and thought to be an initiating event in SS. Neurotransmitter-stimulated increases in cytoplasmic [Ca
2+
] are central to stimulating fluid secretion, primarily by increasing the activity of the Ca
2+
-activated Cl
-
channel, TMEM16a. Paradoxically, in DMXAA-treated mice
in vivo
imaging demonstrated that neural-stimulation resulted in greatly enhanced Ca
2+
levels when a significant reduction in fluid secretion was observed. Notably, in the disease model, the spatiotemporal characteristics of the Ca
2+
signals were altered to result in global rather than largely apically confined Ca
2+
rises observed physiologically. Notwithstanding the augmented Ca
2+
signals, muscarinic stimulation resulted in reduced activation of TMEM16a, although there were no changes in channel abundance or absolute sensitivity to Ca
2+
. However, super-resolution microscopy revealed a disruption in the localization of Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor Ca
2+
release channels in relation to TMEM16a. Appropriate Ca
2+
signaling is also pivotal for mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics and secretion is an energetically expensive process. Disrupted mitochondrial morphology, a depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced oxygen consumption rate were observed in DMXAA-treated animals compared to control animals. We report that early in SS disease, dysregulated Ca
2+
signals lead to decreased fluid secretion and disrupted mitochondrial function contributing to salivary gland hypofunction and likely the progression of SS disease.
Flamingo participates in multiple models of cell competition
Authors: Sanchez Bosch Pablo , Cho Bomsoo , Axelrod Jeffrey D
Published: May 2024

The growth and survival of cells with different fitness, such as those with a proliferative advantage or a deleterious mutation, is controlled through cell competition. During development, cell competition enables healthy cells to eliminate less fit cells that could jeopardize tissue integrity, and facilitates the elimination of pre-malignant cells by healthy cells as a surveillance mechanism to prevent oncogenesis. Malignant cells also benefit from cell competition to promote their expansion. Despite its ubiquitous presence, the mechanisms governing cell competition, particularly those common to developmental competition and tumorigenesis, are poorly understood. Here, we show that in Drosophila, the planar cell polarity (PCP) protein Flamingo (Fmi) is required by winners to maintain their status during cell competition in malignant tumors to overtake healthy tissue, in early pre-malignant cells when they overproliferate among wildtype cells, in healthy cells when they later eliminate pre-malignant cells, and by supercompetitors as they compete to occupy excessive territory within wildtype tissues. ‘Would-be’ winners that lack Fmi are unable to overproliferate, and instead become losers. We demonstrate that the role of Fmi in cell competition is independent of PCP, and that it uses a distinct mechanism that may more closely resemble one used in other less well-defined functions of Fmi.
Humanistic Thought and Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Kohl Katrin , Sanusi Zainal Abidin , Hussien Suhailah
Published: May 2024

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is an education concept, central to what is globally understood as quality education and endorsed by the United Nations as a key enabler of all Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). ESD has been around for more than three decades and has sparked its own academic discourse and field of research. Yet, ESD is not fully embedded in all education systems and within societies. Although stakeholders from academia and practice are engaged in addressing ESD since its inclusion in Agenda 21 in 1992, there has been a struggle to develop a shared conceptual understanding. The discussion in theory and practice is still underway, with researchers grappling in depth with the understanding of ESD, its thematic width, concrete implementation, and tangible outcomes. Following the current quest by UNESCO to reconsider existing ways of knowing and to question where knowledge comes from and how we add to it, the authors of this article examined a sample of ESD literature on whether epistemic foundations of ESD including its role as a program within UNESCO are considered in the discourse. They concentrate in their review on humanist approaches as an important perspective for UNESCO. The results point to a gap in the current literature. The authors also show that, if ESD was grounded in humanistic thought, it could pose a barrier for certain worldviews to engage with or implement ESD. Therefore, ESD’s foundations require further examination. This paper is a first step in drawing attention to the need to make ESD’s foundations more explicit.
The effect of aromatherapy on pain in individuals with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cho Mi-Kyoung , Kim Mi Young
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This study systematically analyzed the impact of aromatherapy on pain in individuals with diabetes. Methods: A search was performed in seven electronic databases based on the PICO-SD (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study Design) framework. The population (P) of interest was individuals with diabetes, and the intervention (I) included aromatherapy targeting pain reduction. The comparison (C) consisted of control groups that received no intervention, another intervention, or usual care. The outcome (O) measured was pain. The quality of the selected literature was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. In MIX 2.0 Pro, the pooled overall effect of pain was calculated using Hedge's g and a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was calculated using the Q statistic and Higgin's I2 values. Meta-regression and exclusion sensitivity analyses were performed.Results: Five articles and seven studies were included, showing a significant pooled overall effect of aromatherapy on diabetes-related pain (Hedge’s g = −1.83, 95% CI: −2.76 to −0.91). Meta-regression demonstrated that effectiveness in reducing pain was associated with studies conducted in West Asia, those with IRB approval, and those receiving funding. Additionally, interventions involving subjects under 60, lavender oil (vs. turpentine oil or blended oils), massage therapy (vs. topical application), fewer hours per session, and more repeated measurements (vs. pre/post measurements) were associated with pain reduction.Conclusion: Aromatherapy, especially with lavender oil, effectively manages diabetes-related pain. Short-duration massage application is also effective. A personalized selection of oil type and application method could optimize therapeutic outcomes for individuals with diabetes.
The Problem with Modern Patriotism [1998]
Authors: White Hayden
Published: May 2024

This chapter looks into the issue of modern patriotism while referencing Giorgio Agamben's reflections. The reflection largely revolves around the linguists' difficulty in identifying Gypsy speech as anything other than an “argot” and Gypsies themselves as a hybrid. The chapter explains how patriotism and nationalism are gradually being dissociated from one another with the breakup of nations and the growing recognition of their artificiality. Patriotism becomes more difficult to instill as national interests are increasingly defined in economic terms, while the war primarily aims to protect corporate interests or ensure natural resources. The chapter also considers the destructive effects of scientific materialism on the ideology of humanism.
Figura and Historical Subalternation [2000]
Authors: White Hayden
Published: May 2024

This chapter elaborates on the notion of Figura and historical subalternation. The narrative techniques of classical pagan culture differed radically from those of Western Christian culture and their post-Christian, humanistic, and post-humanistic counterparts. The chapter introduces the extent and concept of the figure-fulfillment model as a way of construing historical processes concerning two entities and order of time. It then notes that Carlo Ginzburg raised a question on the issue of historical objectivity since it was based on the concepts of historical distance and historical perspective. Meanwhile, Walter Benjamin considers the de-ideologization of historical consciousness as a refiguration of it in an antinarrative mode.
The Westernization of World History [2002]
Authors: White Hayden
Published: May 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the Westernization of world history. It discusses Peter Burke's argument that his notion of world perspective is essentially Western historical thinking. Burke claims that historical consciousness is shared by all cultures everywhere, but different cultures combine the elements of this shared historical culture in different ways and with different emphases. Western conceptions of history primarily originated within the conditions of medieval feudal culture, but it has changed following the shift in Western modes of social production and reproduction. The chapter notes Burke's consideration of how modern Western ideas about history may be secularized equivalents of a religious inheritance.
The Dark Side of Art History
Authors: White Hayden
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the dark side of art history while considering Michael Ann Holly's essay, The Melancholy Art. Holly refers to art historical writing as melancholic, which alludes to a psychoanalytic manner of construing the relation between the past and present. In some versions of psychoanalysis, melancholia is the name of a “complex” produced by a sense of an irretrievable loss of an object so intimately identified with the subject's own ego. The chapter further elaborates on the psychoanalytic notion of loss and virtual loss. It cites that art historical writing primarily aims to describe the beauty and power of individual artworks instead of the art's origins.
Introduction
Authors: Henne Peter S.
Published: May 2024

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the role of religion in international power politics. Many states appeal to religion to justify their policies when engaging in international power politics. That is, they justify attempts to build international coalitions by pointing to religion, or they criticize and attempt to break apart rivals through similar religious references. This takes a variety of forms, including the rhetoric accompanying foreign policies, the specific targets of these rhetorical appeals, and the nature and definition of coalition-building initiatives. The religious elements of power politics range from formal religious arguments—referencing texts and tradition—to general appeals to the importance of faith. The chapter then differentiates between religion triumphalists and religion skeptics. It also considers how religious appeals can be a form of soft power.
How We Can Better Study and Leverage Religion in International Relations
Authors: Henne Peter S.
Published: May 2024

This concluding chapter addresses the book's implications, arguing that there is indisputable evidence that religious appeals can be an important part of power politics. However, conditions often combine in an unstable manner, producing the unexpected effects of religious legitimation discussed in the previous chapters. The chapter then extends the analysis by applying the book's theory to more recent cases, before looking at the broader scholarly and policy implications. Mainstream international relations must start accepting religion's importance in power politics, but scholars of religion and international relations must shift their approach as well. They limit the scope of their studies by emphasizing religious beliefs' hold over states or instances of religion overriding material concerns. Instead, they must focus on international religious politics as a set of interactions and practices that overlap with material factors. The book can also speak to policymakers. Considering the minimal cost of issuing religious appeals and their clear effects, it appears to be a cost-effective tool in power politics. However, it is also unpredictable and must be approached with care.
American Elm— Ulmus americana
Authors: Meiners Scott J.
Published: May 2024

This chapter considers the American elm as excellent street trees because of their elegant form, growing tall and straight naturally, with branches that angled sharply upward. The American elm has always been a natural gathering place for people as it provides shade for countless picnics, family reunions, political discussions, and religious gatherings. The chapter discusses how many societally important elms have been lost over the years, leaving large holes in the communities where they once occurred. The chapter highlights the loss of American elm from wet forests, which led to increases in other tree species. Despite the visibility of the loss of the American elm from day-to-day lives because of their central role in shading many towns and cities, the American elm is a tree whose loss seems to have gone unnoticed by most people.
The Next in Line
Authors: Meiners Scott J.
Published: May 2024

This chapter talks about species losses that are critical forest disturbances and set off a cascade of changes that may ripple throughout the forest community for decades. The loss of trees, either through natural gap formation or widespread death due to a pathogen or herbivore, releases the light, water, and soil minerals the trees had been consuming. The chapter highlights vegetation recovery within a disturbed forest area that ushers species through the transition from shade-intolerant, sun-loving species of open environments to shade-tolerant forest plants. The chapter focuses on pernicious plant invaders that impact the forests of Eastern North America. It addresses a contemporary pressure on forests, the deer.
Militarized Intimacies
Authors: Flores Alfred Peredo
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines the militarized intimacies that occurred throughout Guåhan. The rapid militarization of the island precipitated social and racial changes that permanently altered the island's demography, with CHamorus, Filipinos, and white Americans comprising the three largest racial groups. Interracial encounters could be amicable or, at times, violent. The US military was greatly concerned with these interracial relationships because the potential for cross-racial labor organizing, political solidarity, and pervasive violence threatened the militarization of the island. In order to control these interracial intimacies, the military created local ordinances and immigration laws that provided them with the legal apparatus to police social relations in public spaces such as bars, clubs, dances, restaurants, roads, and villages. These laws fueled interracial antagonism and violence, thereby racializing CHamorus, Filipinos, and white Americans as loyal or subversive.
From Breadbasket to Naval Air Station
Authors: Flores Alfred Peredo
Published: May 2024

This chapter reveals what it was like to live near a US military base in the 1950s. In the immediate postwar era, NAS Hagåtña was one of Guåhan's three major military bases and the epitome of a settler site. Before World War II, NAS Hagåtña was composed of lånchos for families living in Hagåtña and other neighboring villages. During World War II, CHamorus were forced to provide the labor to convert the area into an airfield for the Imperial Japanese Army, and by summer of 1944 it became a US naval air base. As a naval air station, it was the primary site at which military personnel, their dependents, and civilian military workers entered the island. It also became the place where political tensions, the possibility of death, and violence occurred in and around the base. These overlapping narratives demonstrate the complex history of Tiyan and NAS Hagåtña as a settler colonial site but also a symbol of Indigenous memory that persisted beyond the existence of the base.
Enumeration, Naming, Photos
Authors: Horsti Karina
Published: May 2024

This chapter explores the complexity of representing both the massive scale of the disaster on October 3, 2013, and the absence of individual lives. It contrasts the dominant representation of the Lampedusa disaster with practices that emphasize the individuality and irreplaceability of each person. Representing the victims by listing their names and displaying their photographs is a means of making their number visible and comprehensible. The chapter considers the labor of compiling the list of names as the survivors' first act of survivor citizenship, as an act of “civic forensics,” and as a form of civil agency and belonging that asserts the right to identification and nondisappearance. Another critical means to counter the distancing and sanitizing representation produced by enumeration is to select one name to represent the entire group of victims, such as the name of one young woman, Yohanna, in the Lampedusa disaster.
Memorial Interventions
Authors: Horsti Karina
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses how Lampedusans memorialized the disaster on October 3, 2013, after the dead were taken away and buried in Sicily. It focuses on those who eye-witnessed the materiality of the unknown dead bodies, either directly or in their coffins. Lampedusans have created memorials to remember the disaster's victims, while also making an intervention into the memory politics of border deaths and migration politics more generally. The chapter notes how the Lampedusans have further contributed to the public imagery of the island as an iconic representation of Europe's border. Memorials are invitations to remember an event and the people affected by it in a particular way, allowing for an erasure of some specifics of the event to smooth the transition of difficult narratives.
Memory Politics
Authors: Horsti Karina
Published: May 2024

This chapter expands the analysis of memorials and commemorations from islands in the Mediterranean Sea to the national scale in Italy and beyond, to the scale of Europe. It examines why the Italian Parliament and Senate established October 3 as the National Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Immigration in 2016. It also discusses how some members of the European Parliament in Brussels have memorialized the day in order to raise the issue of border deaths as a European concern. The chapter reviews how the memory of the Lampedusa disaster resonates with anti-fascist activists in Dresden, Germany, prompting them to commemorate deaths that happened thousands of miles away. The analysis of memory politics at the more distant scales of the afterlives of the disaster shows how specters from the past and the future shape the meaning of the disaster and responses to it.
The Buzz and the Sting
Authors: Baggett Holly A.
Published: May 2024

This chapter talks about a wild dream of a journal that Margaret Anderson had that would awaken the nascent revolutionary impulses of American arts and letters. Anderson soldiered on with uneven results for two years before meeting Jane Heap in 1916. It was Heap's discerning eye that helped to harness Anderson's energy into a more discriminating force when it came to editorial decisions. The chapter highlights how Anderson and Heap's partnership catapulted the Little Review into its place as the premiere avant-garde journal of international modernism in the twentieth century. It introduces satirical accounts of wars Anderson fought with prima donnas of literature, conservative political forces, and a public oblivious of the necessity of a revolution in the arts.
Political and Literary Radicals
Authors: Baggett Holly A.
Published: May 2024

This chapter highlights the two major themes that emerged as Margaret Anderson navigated her way through the explosive minefield of emerging modernism from 1914 to 1916: anarchism and imagism. In the Little Review, anarchism and imagism were reflected by Anderson's friendship with the high priestesses of the two respective movements, Emma Goldman and Amy Lowell. Both Goldman and Lowell shared Anderson's interest in Nietzschean philosophy, feminist politics, and lesbian sexuality. The chapter discusses how the Little Review devoted considerable space to all things Russian as Russia was one major source of the interest in anarchism among the American intelligentsia. It covers how Little Review articles dealt with the political earthquakes that had shaken Russia since the late nineteenth century.
Interregnum: Chicago, San Francisco, New York
Authors: Baggett Holly A.
Published: May 2024

This chapter describes the transition Margaret Anderson underwent between 1916 and 1917 in both her personal and professional lives that would have significant consequences for the future of the Little Review. After Anderson moved the Little Review permanently to New York, Jane Heap and their new foreign editor Ezra Pound would create the most vital period in the journal's history. The chapter looks at one of Heap's first articles, which was a paragraph criticizing her alma mater, the Art Institute of Chicago, and comparing it to a trade school. The chapter then talks about how Anderson thought that Jane's unhappiness was an integral part of her genius, and she wanted that genius for the Little Review. The chapter covers political events on the ground in San Francisco that were giving the Little Review plenty of fodder for publication, despite Anderson's general dissatisfaction with the quality of art and literature in her magazine.
The Heap Era
Authors: Baggett Holly A.
Published: May 2024

This chapter discusses the Autumn 1921 issue of the Little Review, which announced a new direction for the journal. The issue was described as a “protest” by international writers and artists against the magazine's prosecution in the Ulysses case. The chapter explains that the Autumn 1921 issue was called the “Brâncuşi number” because it contained twenty reproductions of the Romanian sculptor's abstract work and was accompanied by an appreciative essay by Ezra Pound. The chapter also details how Margaret Anderson felt some of the pressures on her lift after she and Jane Heap compromised by issuing the Little Review as a quarterly. Despite the Little Review's setbacks, the Autumn 1921 issue demonstrated that the magazine was not running on its final fumes and it foreshadowed a torrent of the most genuinely avantgarde work done on the international stage.