bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implicaciones para la estética del pensamiento de Xavier Zubiri
Authors: Tirado San Juan Víctor Manuel
Published: January 2020

En este ensayo se hace una valoración de la situación actual de la estética y se estudia cuál es la aportación del pensamiento del filósofo español X. Zubiri a la misma. Para ello se reconstruye a grandes rasgos la historia del pensamiento estético hasta el momento actual de modo que sean claramente perceptibles las aportaciones a la estética de la propuesta del pensador español, a la vez que las posibilidades que abre para un desarrollo ulterior de esta disciplina. Para mostrar las aportaciones a la estética de Zubiri se exponen las características fundamentales de su pensamiento en las que destaca su raigambre estrictamente metafísica. Esta raigambre metafísica permite evitar un reduccionismo hermenéutico de la estética tal y como ocurre según el autor en muchas propuestas actuales. Por otro lado, la propuesta zubiriana de incardinar lo estético en una facultad sustantiva como es el sentimiento afectante, permite evitar el intelectualismo y rescatar la autonomía de la dimensión estética de la realidad sin reducirla al bien ni el ser neutro. La propuesta es una alternativa a la teoría de Max Scheler que, no obstante, vuelve a hacerse cargo de la estructura transcendental de la realidad como ocurría en la gran tradición metafísica occidental.
Escepticismo y filosofía en Jorge Luis Borges
Authors: Santos Gómez Marcos
Published: January 2020

Se presenta y discute la polémica perspectiva filosófica existente en la obra de J. L. Borges. Fundamentalmente, el escritor juega a partir de un irónico y conmovedor escepticismo que lo vincula con planteamientos como la hermenéutica, la intertextualidad y el pensamiento de la diferencia (Derrida). Se lo ha relacionado, también, con formas de estructuralismo y con la disolución del sujeto y las identidades.
Pengambilan Tembaga dari Batuan Bornit (Cu5FeS4) Variasi Rapat Arus dan Pengompleks EDTA Secara Elektrokimia
Authors: Haris Abdul , Widodo Didik Setiyo , Yuanita Lina
Published: January 2020

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pemisahan tembaga dari mineral bornit terhadap pengaruh rapat arus dan pengompleks EDTA secara elektrolisis. Serbuk bornit dilarutkan dalam besi(III) sulfat dan diendapkan dengan variasi rapat arus menggunakan elektrode karbon selama 1 jam.Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kadar tembaga maksimal yang terlarut sebesar 14,88 % pada konsentrasi besi(III) sulfat 0,6 M. Semakin besar rapat arus yang digunakan pada elektrolisis, kuantitas endapan semakin meningkat dan endapan tembaga maksimal 1,69 mg terbentuk pada penambahan pengompleks EDTA 0,20 M dan rapat arus 0,05 A/cm2. Keberadaan pengompleks EDTA mampu menurunkan potensial yang diperlukan sehingga meningkatkan kemurnian dan kekuatan pelapisan tembaga. Kemurnian endapan tembaga tertinggi didapatkan pada elektrolisis dengan penambahan pengompleks EDTA 0,20 M sebesar 93,88%Kata kunci:bornit, tembaga, rapat arus, pengompleks EDTA
Lempung Terpilar Silika untuk Penghilangan Fenol dalam Air
Authors: Darmawan Adi , Azmiyawati Choiril , Nababan Pulojuliadi
Published: January 2020

Limbah fenol dapat mencemari lingkungan, namun pengolahan limbah fenol masih memiliki banyak kendala. Kendala disebabkan proses pengolahan yang menggunakan prinsip flokulasi dan koagulasi dengan biaya instalasi dan operasional yang mahal. Menanggapi kendala tersebut lempung terpilar SiO2 mampu digunakan sebagai katalis oksidasi fenol dalam air limbah.Lempung terpilar SiO2 memiliki basal spacing, luas permukaan besar, dan stabil pada temperatur tinggi. Sintesis lempung terpilar SiO2 melalui proses interkalasi TEOS (tetraetilortosilikat) dan surfaktan dodesilamin pada daerah antarlapis lempung. Lempung terpilar SiO2 diimpregnasi dengan menggunakan logam nikel. Proses sintesis lempung terpilar SiO2 dikarakterisasi menggunakan metode difraktometer sinar X dalam menentukan kenaikan basal spacing dan kristalinitas. Penentuan aktivitas katalis lempung terpilar SiO2/Ni terhadap konversi oksidasi fenol dalam air limbah menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Visible.Lempung terpilar tanpa kalsinasi mengasilkan basal spacing 28,55 Å sedangkan lempung terpilar SiO2 kalsinasi 600 OC menghasilkan basal spacing 27,77 Å. Aplikasi lempung terpilar SiO2/Ni sebagai katalis oksidasi fenol dalam air limbah mampu mengkonversi limbah fenol hingga mencapai 70 %. Aktivitas katalis SiO2 optimalisasi pada konsentrasi nikel yang teremban 4 %, dimana semakin banyak nikel yang teremban pada lempung terpilar SiO2 maka aktivitas katalisisnya semakin meningkat
Activity of Actinomycetes Isolated from Mangrove Segara Anakan Cilacap toward Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Asnani Ari , Luviriani Eva , Oedjijono Oedjijono
Published: January 2020

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major health concern because it causes numerous infections in both healthcare facilities and communities. The development of multiresistant against topical antibiotics has caused substantial difficulty in the management of Staphylococcus infection. Thus, this research was aimed to explore indigenous marine Actinomycetes isolated from Segara Anakan Cilacap for anti-MRSA activity. The methods used were screening anti-MRSA activity using agar-block method, production of anti-MRSA extract, extraction of the anti-MRSA extract with ethyl acetate, MIC determination of the ethyl-acetate extract, and species identification based on morphology and 16S rRNA genes. The results indicated that 14 out of 16 Actinomycetes have anti-MRSA activity. Three isolates, which were W-5B, W-5A, and P-7D, showed the highest anti-MRSA activity with the inhibition zone of 2.40 mm, 1.20 mm, and 0.80 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethyl acetate extract from isolates W-5B, W-5A, and P-7D against MRSA were 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL, and 8 mg/mL, respectively. The species identification based on 16S rRNA genes indicated that Actinomycetes W-5B isolate has 92.51% similarity with Streptomyces sp. 2011. The W-5A has 94.69% similarity with Arthrobacter sp. HZ11. The P-7D has 94.79% similarity with Streptomyces clavuligerus strain A-ZN-05. The present study concludes that marine Actinomycetes from sediment mangrove in Segara Anakan Cilacap, Indonesia, has potency as anti-MRSA.
Effect of Sulfur Addition to Nickel Recovery of Laterite Ore
Authors: Febriana Eni , Prasetyo Agus Budi , Mayangsari Wahyu , Irawan Januar , Hakim Muhammad Ikhwanul , Prakasa Tiffany Ary , Juniarsih Andinnie , Suharyanto Ariyo , Setiawan Iwan , Subagja Rudi
Published: January 2020

This research studied the effect of the addition of sulfur on the reduction process of limonite nickel laterite ore with Ni content of 1.11wt% and Fe 48.7wt%. The stages of the research included the characterization of ore materials, preparation, mixing, pelleting, reduction, and magnetic separation. The reduction stage was carried out with several experimental variables, which were the time and temperature of the reduction, as well as the addition of reducing agents and sulfur additives. Products from the reduction process were separated magnetically, and the concentrate was then analyzed using XRD and AAS. The results showed that the addition of sulfur additives to a certain amount could cause the formation of FeS and Fe-silicate, which could increase the content and percentage of nickel recovery by suppressing the metallization of iron. The optimum conditions were obtained in the reduction process with a temperature of 1100°C for 60 minutes, with the addition of graphite reductant and sulfur additives each of 7% of the sample weight. Ni contents in the reduction product concentrate obtained were 1.98% with 96% gain, while Fe could be reduced to 29.2% with an extraction percentage of 76.1%.
Cytotoxic, Antiproliferation, and Necrosis Effects of the n-Hexane Fraction Extract of Gendola Leaf (Basella rubra Linn.)
Authors: Harianja Sri Hartini , Salni Salni , Subandrate Subandrate
Published: January 2020

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Several studies have been conducted on natural materials to see the ability of its activity as a new anticancer compound. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of Gendola leaf (Basella rubra Linn.) extracts and fractions, in inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of T47D breast cancer cells. The design of this study was experimental laboratory research using the in-vitro method. Cytotoxic and anti-proliferation tests on T47D cancer were using the MTT method, and the apoptosis test was using the flow cytometry method. Cytotoxic of extracts and fractions of n-hexane Gendola leaves were tested with a concentration series of 1000; 500; 250; 125; 62.5 μg/mL and doxorubicin was studied a series concentration of 0.5; 0.25; 0.125; 0.0625; 0.03125 μg/mL for 24 hours. Antiproliferation test used n-hexane fraction with a concentration series of 1IC50, ½IC50, ¼IC50, and ⅛IC50 with an incubation time of 24 and 48 hours. Apoptosis test utilized n-hexane fraction with a concentration series of 1IC50, ½IC50 with an incubation time of 24 hours. The results showed that the ethanol extract had IC50 424 μg/mL, n-hexane fraction 292 μg/mL. The n-hexane fraction had an anti-proliferation effect at a concentration of 1IC50 within 32 hours but was unable to induce T47D cell apoptosis. These results indicate that the n-hexane fraction of Gendola leaf has a cytotoxic effect, which can inhibit proliferation, that is unable to induce apoptosis but induce necrosis of T47D breast cancer cells.
KEDUDUKAN KREDITOR SEPARATIS ATAS HAK JAMINAN DALAM PROSES KEPAILITAN
Authors: Silalahi Udin
Published: January 2020

Kedudukan kreditor separatis yang diatur dalam Pasal 55 ayat (1) UUK-PKPU, Pasal 21 UU Hak Tanggungan dan Pasal 27 ayat (3) UU Jaminan Fidusia yang dapat mengeksekusi hak jaminan walaupun terjadi pailit, seolah-olah bertentangan dengan ketentuan Pasal 56 ayat (1) UUK-PKPU yang menangguhkan hak eksekutorial tersebut. Adanya ketentuan Pasal 56 ayat (3) jo Pasal 59 ayat (2) dapat merugikan kreditor separatis, karena jika kreditor separatis tidak dapat mengeksekusi hak jaminan kebendaan yang dikuasainya dalam waktu 2 (dua) bulan, maka kurator dapat mengeksekusi dan menggunakan benda tidak bergerak atau menjual harta pailit benda bergerak untuk kelangsungan usaha debitor. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan kasus. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa walapun hak eksekutorial kreditor separatis ditangguhkan, tetapi hak kreditor separatis tetap dijamin oleh UUK-PKPU dan peralihan hak eksekutorial dari kreditor separatis kepada kurator, kurator harus memberikan hak-hak kreditor separatis, yaitu pelunasan piutangnya.
How the internet has influenced political campaigns in the United States in the 20th century
Authors: Tomaszewski Norbert
Published: January 2020

Modern political campaigns in the United States need to combine the use of traditional and new media in order to let the candidate win. The emergement of social media allowed the campaign staffs to create a bond with the voter, through sharing and evaluating the content uploaded by the candidate. Nowadays, with the help of the internet, candidate is able to spend less time and money on the campaign, while interacting with a much bigger number of followers. The internet, however, is a rather new invention and only in the 21st century more than 50% of Americans started to use it on a daily basis. The study aims at determining how did the presidential candidates in the United States try to attract the voter with the help of the World Wide Web – what is more, it’s goal is to answer what kind of voter used the internet back in the 20th century and what kind of candidate would have the biggest chance to attract him.
Induction and Deduction in Theorizing of International Relations
Authors: Gałganek Andrzej
Published: January 2020

The article presents the ways of understanding the place of induction and deductive reasoning in the process of building the theory and knowledge of international relations and the resulting disputes present in the International Relations. The author argues that in the study of international relations, as in the natural sciences, it is necessary to combine empirical observation with creative building of theory. The author performs a critical analysis of the positions of selected theoreticians of international relations on issues related to the problems of induction and deduction and theorizing of international relations.
Political topology of Europe
Authors: Rosicki Remigiusz
Published: January 2020

The objective scope of the analysis performed in the text encompasses selected aspects of policy in its topological dimension. The space of policy is understood as both a theoretical construct (a policy field) and relations between the characteristics of political actors and their special kind of geographical co-existence. The following have been recognised as essential characteristics of policymaking: (1) electoral process and pluralism, (2) functioning of government, (3) political participation, (4) political culture and (5) civil liberties. These features can become an object of analysis in the assessment of democratic and authoritarian tendencies in selected countries. The text uses two statistical methods of multidimensional comparative analysis (Ward’s method and k-means method), apart from which use has been made of basic descriptive statistics and a comparative analysis of the values of the parameters of political characteristics. A selection of 40 European countries (EU-28 and 12 other countries) have been subjected to a statistical analysis according to the 2018 data. The main goal of the analysis is to connect facts and characteristics attributed to policy with a specific geographical area. In order to elaborate the objective scope of the research problem, the following research questions have been presented in the text: (1) Which of the characteristics of policy will determine the division of state entities according to a special type of clusters?, (2) Will political characteristics determine the division of particular state entities according to a special type of geographical division? The addressed research questions have been related to the hypotheses subjected to verification in the text.
Peculiarities of Ukrainian citizens’ migration to Poland and Russia in 2014–2019
Authors: Soroka Svitlana
Published: January 2020

For the last five years, Ukrainians have been leaving their own state en masse. Some are looking for better living conditions, the opportunity to earn more money, get an education, and others are forced to save their own lives from the hostilities in the east. Objective coverage of migration processes is hindered by the lack of reliable statistical information, especially in the case of official Ukrainian statistics, which try to lower the migration rates of Ukrainians. In the article, the author attempts to analyze the social and economic causes of mass migration of Ukrainians to Poland and Russia. These are the countries which receive the largest number of Ukrainians. The state actually creates living conditions that lead to the partial physical destruction of Ukrainians, and people are forced to search for a better life outside Ukraine. Ukraine is in a situation of a civil turmoil which is reflected in multidirectional forced migration. In turn, Poland and Russia are receiving an immigration flow that corresponds to the logic of their demographic development, does not require significant costs to integrate migrants, and is an almost ideal demographic resource in terms of ethnic and professional characteristics. Due to migration, Ukraine is losing the most capable and highly qualified part of the population, which threatens its internal and external security, and even the existence of Ukraine as a state.
Kultura obywatelska w ponowoczesności. Wybrane konteksty edukacyjne
Authors: Czerwiński Kazimierz
Published: January 2020

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O społeczno-politycznych źródłach złego stresu i jego edukacyjnych skutkach
Authors: Olubiński Andrzej
Published: January 2020

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Social pedagogy and sociology of education – in a circle of mutual inspirations
Authors: Segiet Katarzyna Segiet
Published: January 2020

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Asystentura seksualna – (nie)etyczny seks
Authors: Waszyńska Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

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Wspólnota przestrzenią odkrywania sensu życia
Authors: Horowski Jarosław
Published: January 2020

Analizy podejmowane w niniejszym artykule podporządkowane zostały odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, w jaki sposób jednostka odkrywa/konstruuje sens życia. Przeprowadzono je w perspektywie teorii socjologicznej Margaret S. Archer, nazywanej przez autorkę podejściem morfogenetycznym, i pogłębiono przez odwołania do neotomistycznej filozofii wychowania. Refleksja została podzielona na cztery części, w których kolejno podjęto kwestie: (1) współczesnego kulturowego rozumienia kwestii odkrywania/formułowania sensu życia; (2) teorii socjologicznej Margaret Archer; (3) wyprowadzonej z teorii Archer koncepcji odkrywania/konstruowania sensu życia; (4) wspólnotowych uwarunkowań niniejszego procesu. Refleksja prowadzi do wniosku, że sens życia jest odkrywany przez jednostkę jako tak zwana troska ostateczna w poznaniu bezpośrednim, niezapośredniczonym w kulturze, a sama kultura (w tym edukacja) wspierają jednostkę w nazywaniu i rozumieniu tego co ważne oraz wskazują sposoby troski o to, co ważne. Stwierdzenie to prowadzi do wniosku, że odnalezienie sensu życia przez jednostkę jest uwarunkowane strukturami życia wspólnotowego, które albo jest gotowe do włączenia jednostki do troski o dobro wspólne, albo wyklucza jednostkę ze wspólnoty.
Including spirituality in assessment and intervention
Authors: Farkas Kathleen
Published: January 2020

Artykuł ten adresowany jest do osób zaangażowanych w pracę kliniczną albo duszpasterską z jednostkami doświadczającymi kryzysu. Autorka analizuje zastaną literaturę dotyczącą wykorzystania duchowości w diagnozie i interwencjach po to, by przedstawić proste narzędzia pozwalające na uwzględnienie duchowości w pracy z osobami w kryzysie. Przedstawia przegląd aspektów duchowości i religijności, które mogą być wykorzystane w radzeniu sobie ze stresem i sytuacjami kryzysowymi. Podaje także przykłady sposobów włączenia praktyk duchowych do relacji między zawodowym pomagaczem a klientem. Oprócz korzyści, wskazuje także na trudności w uwzględnianiu duchowości w pracy klinicznej oraz ryzyko związane z tym procesem.
Wybrane konsekwencje trafu moralnego dla etyki, koncepcji społecznych i religijnych
Authors: Strzyżyński Przemysław
Published: January 2020

The article presents the issue of moral luck and some of its consequences for the philosophy of law, social justice, political responsibility and some religious concepts. Recognition of the role of moral luck undermines the use of the concept of moral responsibility, guilt and merit. The consequences of recognizing that this challenge is justifi ed, reach those areas. They postulate, for example, the need to compensate social or property inequalities, insofar as they depend on the luck. Similarly, in the Christian concept of salvation as dependent off the will of God and man, there is the problem of the impact of luck. Release from moral responsibility for actions under the infl uence of luck, also puts into question the responsibility of politicians, whose decisions are often made in the absence of certainty.
Citizen Science in Archiven
Authors: Becker Denny
Published: January 2020

Die Fotografie hat sich seit ihrer Entstehung zum Massenmedium entwickelt. Die technische Weiterentwicklung führte im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert zur Explosion der fotografischen Überlieferungen. Mit dem Wandel zur Informations- und Mediengesellschaft und der steigenden Bedeutung der Fotografie als wissenschaftliche Quelle, steigen auch die Anforderungen an Archive, diese Quellengattung angemessen zu erschließen und der Forschung zugänglich zu machen. Für die Archive bedeutet die Erschließung von Fotobeständen eine hohe Herausforderung. Einerseits ist die große Masse kaum zu bewältigen, andererseits fehlt es den Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern häufig an Wissen über den historischen Kontext. In den Archivwissenschaften werden derzeit neue Erschließungsmethoden diskutiert und erprobt, um durch sogenanntes Crowdsourcing Nutzerinnen und Nutzer an der Erschließung zu beteiligen. Der Artikel beschreibt verschiedene Crowdsourcing-Projekte für die Erschließung genealogischer und fotografischer Archivalien und stellt Chancen und Risiken gegenüber.
Environmentally assisted cracking of T91 ferritic-martensitic steel in heavy liquid metals
Authors: Hojná Anna , Halodová Patricie , Chocholoušek Michal , Špirit Zbyněk , Rozumová Lucia
Published: January 2020

In order to advance material development for future nuclear systems, an insight into the cracking conditions of T91 ferritic-martensitic steel in heavy liquid metals (HLM) is provided. The paper critically reviews previous experimental data and summarizes them with new results. The new testing of T91 steel was performed in contact with slow flow and static HLM to study crack initiation, especially in liquid PbBi eutectic at 300°–350°C and Pb at 400°C with about 1 × 10−6 wt.% of oxygen. Pre-stressed coupons were exposed to the liquid metals for up to 2000 h. Constant extension rate tests (CERTs) were performed in the liquid metals to accelerate cracking development. Under static conditions, the testing resulted in oxidation without any crack observation. Under the CERT ones, the T91 steel showed a tendency to crack initiation in PbBi, while in Pb, cracks were not initiated even when the oxide layer was broken. Moreover, the environmentally assisted crack initiated at the maximum load and continued to grow under further loading without unstable failure. Both previous and new data have confirmed that high stress and plastic strain are pre-conditions for the environmentally assisted cracking of T91 in static HLM. It indicates that in the systems utilizing continuous oxygen control of HLM, the LME/EAC of the T91 could develop only in the beyond design load conditions. Further testing is necessary to address the HLM flow speed effect.
Design and Development of 3D Printed MIMO RDRA with Two Directional Pattern Diversity for LTE Applications
Authors: Samudrala Varakumari , Pamula Vinay Kumar
Published: January 2020

A two-port MIMO Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) has been studied and developed. The proposed antenna consists of a single Rectangular DRA (RDRA). The antenna is integrated with the substrate and electrified using coaxial feed, which excites hybrid TM mode in the DR. The mutual coupling within both the ports has been reduced by employing copper shielded on two vertical walls of a rectangular cavity in the centre of DRA. A parametric study has been done to attain optimum parameters, and then the proposed antenna has been fabricated. The presented antenna with acceptable MIMO characteristics covers a measured bandwidth of 1.24 GHz (2.16 GHz – 3.4 GHz) for |S11| ≤ −10 dB, which can operate on LTE bands. The measured isolation between the two ports in the operating band is more than 25 dB. The proposed antenna renders easy fabrication and feeding with good MIMO characteristics. Therefore, the proposed 3D printable MIMO antenna is worthy for LTE applications.
Assessment of health-related quality of life in Egyptian children and adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Musa Noha , Asem Noha , Basyony Shaza , Fawaz Lubna
Published: January 2020

Background

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a chronic disorder causing adrenal insufficiency and hyperandrogenism affecting the quality of life (QOL). The objective of the study was to assess the health-related QOL (HRQOL) in Egyptian children and adolescents with CAH and to identify factors affecting it.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 200 CAH patients (with 21-hydroxylase deficiency [21-OHD]) who were assessed according to their age, sex, clinical phenotype, timing of genitoplasty, hospital admissions within the last year, compliance to treatment, regularity of follow-up, presence of complications and hormonal control. HRQOL was assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO)QOL-BREF questionnaire with four domains analyzed independently including physical, psychological, social and environmental domains, with higher scores indicating better QOL.

Results

The study included 140 females and 60 males with a mean age of 6.6 ± 4.5 years, and 88% were salt-wasting (SW). Older patients had significantly lower QOL scores (r = − 0.151, p = 0.033). The physical domain correlated significantly with the degree of virilization (r = − 0.491, p = 0.001) and frequency of hospitalization (r = − 0.495, p < 0.001). The psychological domain was affected by age (r = − 0.157, p = 0.026) and timing of genitoplasty (r = − 0.326, p = 0.001), while the social domain was affected by age (r = −0.277, p < 0.005) and pubertal stage (r = − 0.195, p = 0.006). Females had lower scores at the psychological domain (p < 0.001), whereas males had lower scores at the physical domain (p = 0.003). Salt-losing patients had lower scores at the physical domain (p = 0.001). Patients with good hormonal control had higher scores at the physical domain (p = 0.03). Genitoplasty affected both psychological and social domains (p = 0.003 and 0.01, respectively). Patients with hypertension and hirsutism had lower QOL scores (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

HRQOL was relatively more affected in CAH patients with older age, poor hormonal control, high frequency of hospital admissions and those who developed complications.
“Sacra Tharrhica Project”: Preliminary Results of 3D Virtual Reconstruction of the Punic-Roman Sacred Areas of Tharros, Sardinia
Authors: Belfiori Francesco , Floris Stefano , Marano Melania
Published: January 2020

The “Sacra Tharrhica Project” was started by the University of Bologna in cooperation with the University of Cagliari in 2017. The aim is to obtain a 3D virtual reconstruction of all temple structures of the Punic settlement of Tharros on the central west coast of Sardinia, starting from a systematic architectural and archaeological study of the Punic and Roman phases of the buildings. The project has firstly focused on the “Monumental Temple” or “Doric half-columns Temple”. This Punic sacred area was probably monumentalized between the late 4th and 3rd centuries B.C. After the Roman conquest, it was rebuilt between the 1st century B.C. and the 1st century A.D.
E-customer behaviour and cross border shopping development
Authors: Jílková Petra , Králová Petra
Published: January 2020

The digitalisation of business processes, cultural backgrounds and consequences on behavioural differences make a direct impact on customer purchase behaviours across different markets. The main aim of this paper is to analyse the effect of the economic situation in the selected countries regarding the e-commerce business. On the sample of the situation in the Czech Republic, the article presents the increasing potential of e-commerce and focuses not only on the statistics review but on the psychological aspects of online behaviour. Firstly, the paper presents a theoretical model for customer purchase behaviour and the development of the theory in correspondence with B2C e-commerce background. Secondly, this research analyses the main aspects of shopping behaviour in selected countries; the research shows the main characteristics of shopping and provides a better understanding of the impact of digitalisation. Finally, the paper confirmed the fact that the Czech e-commerce market is developed and has potential to grow nationally and internationally. The paper investigates online shopping for the period between 2010 – 2017. Finally, the authors discuss all the theoretical and practical implications of these results.
Polish accounts of the participation of the Lithuanian armed forces in the battle of Kryżbork/Jakobstadt of 26 July (5 August) 1704
Authors: Kościelniak Karol
Published: January 2020

The Great Northern War changed not only the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, but also the countries of Central Europe. This war brought many tactical and strategic innovations that could be observed on the battlefields and during the war campaigns. That is why it seems appropriate to recall the battles that took place during the Great Northern War. An example of such a battle is a clash between the Swedish-Lithuanian army and Lithuanian-Russian army, which took place near Kryżbork/Jakobstadt on 26 July (5 August) 1704. In this battle the Lithuanian troops fought on both sides. On the Swedish side they were commanded by Kazimierz Jan Sapieha, and on the Russian side – by Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki.
Rhetorical structure analysis of prepared speeches and argumentative essays by Chinese advanced English learners
Authors: Wang Yuemin , Wu Hongyun , Cui Gang
Published: January 2020

This study focuses on the interrelationship between modes of argumentation and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ rhetorical strategies, by adopting the analytical framework of Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) to produce reliable analyses of rhetorical structures of two most frequently required tasks in the Chinese context. The sample texts consist of 20 prepared speeches and 20 argumentative essays, both written by Chinese advanced EFL learners. The findings reveal that: (1) the essays favor a more direct structure with central units at the beginning while the speeches favor a more indirect structure with central units near the end; (2) Background, Circumstance and Preparation relations appear more frequently at the beginning of the speeches, while the Summary relation appears more frequently at the end of the essays; (3) the two most typical top-level patterns of rhetorical structure in the essays resemble the two patterns in the speeches, but with systematic variation and in reversed orders. The results reflect the active role of rhetorical situation in constructing different modes of argumentation for advanced EFL learners. This study could enrich the scope of the application of RST, and provide pedagogical implications for writing in EFL contexts.
Signal Propagation via Open-Loop Intrathalamic Architectures: A Computational Model
Authors: Brown Jeffrey W. , Taheri Aynaz , Kenyon Robert V. , Berger-Wolf Tanya Y. , Llano Daniel A.
Published: January 2020

Propagation of signals across the cerebral cortex is a core component of many cognitive processes and is generally thought to be mediated by direct intracortical connectivity. The thalamus, by contrast, is considered to be devoid of internal connections and organized as a collection of parallel inputs to the cortex. Here, we provide evidence that “open-loop” intrathalamic pathways involving the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) can support propagation of oscillatory activity across the cortex. Recent studies support the existence of open-loop thalamo-reticulo-thalamic (TC-TRN-TC) synaptic motifs in addition to traditional closed-loop architectures. We hypothesized that open-loop structural modules, when connected in series, might underlie thalamic and, therefore cortical, signal propagation. Using a supercomputing platform to simulate thousands of permutations of a thalamocortical network based on physiological data collected in mice, rats, ferrets, and cats and in which select synapses were allowed to vary both by class and individually, we evaluated the relative capacities of closed-loop and open-loop TC-TRN-TC synaptic configurations to support both propagation and oscillation. We observed that (1) signal propagation was best supported in networks possessing strong open-loop TC-TRN-TC connectivity; (2) intrareticular synapses were neither primary substrates of propagation nor oscillation; and (3) heterogeneous synaptic networks supported more robust propagation of oscillation than their homogeneous counterparts. These findings suggest that open-loop, heterogeneous intrathalamic architectures might complement direct intracortical connectivity to facilitate cortical signal propagation.
Conflictos bélicos en la Literatura Infantil y Juvenil: Guerra del Conflicto Armado en Colombia y Segunda Guerra Mundial
Authors: Ortegón Sepúlveda Luisa Fernanda
Published: January 2020

Cuando Hitler robó el conejo rosa y La luna en los almendros son novelas de la Literatura Infantil y Juvenil con una narrativa histórica. Pese a tener ocurrencia de los hechos en espacios geográficos diametralmente opuestos, tienen varios factores en común, entre ellos tener un contenido de guerra en el que los niños no solo son los protagonistas, sino los ojos a través de los cuales vemos y sentimos la historia. La primera de ellas hace referencia a la época de la Alemania Nazi ubicada entre 1933 y 1935, en que Adolf Hitler era candidato de ascenso al poder, que desencadenaría en unos años después en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, y la segunda obra literaria obedece al conflicto interno armado que ha vivido Colombia por más de 50 años. Ambas obras abarcan la temática del conflicto bélico desde una visión ajena a la adulta. De ese modo el desplazamiento forzado al que se ven obligados los protagonistas de los libros es contado de manera más sencilla pero no menos seria, lo cual sin duda alguna aporta memoria histórica en este sistema literario.
Protección de los menores no acompañados (menas) en el Derecho Internacional, con especial atención a la situación de los niños sirios
Authors: Al Rached Hani
Published: January 2020

La guerra en Siria iniciada en 2011 ha provocado una serie de conflictos y disturbios en la zona del Oriente Medio. Entre sus consecuencias más graves se sitúa el desplazamiento forzado de millones de integrantes de la población siria, cruzando las fronteras regionales e internacionales en busca de un lugar más seguro. Entre los refugiados sirios se encuentran miles de menores desprotegidos y sin compa´ñía de su familia. El presente trabajo trata de estudiar las medidas de protección de los menores no acompañados en virtud del Derecho Internacional, prestando especial atención a la situación de los menores refugiados sirios.
A Study on the Linguistic Processes of the Lutheran Reformation and Northern Europe
Authors: Buožytė Eleonora
Published: January 2020

Kauko, Mikko, Miika Norro, Kirsi-Maria Nummila, Tanja Toropainen & Tuomo Fonsén, eds. 2019. Languages in the Lutheran Reformation. Textual Networks and the Spread of Ideas. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 303 p. ISBN 978 94 6298 155 3.
Classical texts in the art treatises of early Modern Period
Authors: Riklius Tomas
Published: January 2020

This paper discusses the quotation frequency and reference strategies of Leon Battista Alberti, Federico Borromeo, and Gabriele Paleotti. These three Catholic art theoreticians of Early Modern period engaged Classical texts as the point of reference and expertly manipulated the Classical sources to provide contextual arguments in the formation of their own artistic theories. Alberti, Borromeo, and Paleotti directly alluded or referred to Pliny the Elder, Plutarch, Xenophon, Strabo, Aulus Gellius, and other Classical sources rather extensively. This can be noticed from various quotation strategies applied in Alberti, Borromeo, and Paleotti treatises and by statistical data on quotation frequency in Alberti’s De pictura, Paleotti’s Discorso intorno alle immagini sacre e profane, and Borromeo’s De pictura sacra.
Visual Perception of Engineering Institutional Campuses’ Entrance Edifices of Tamil Nadu Region, India
Authors: Babu Rajeswaran
Published: January 2020

Institutional Campuses are increasing in numbers but struggling to market themselves in a highly competitive business domain. The entrance edifice of these campuses is an Artifact, presenting a visual representation of their imperial status in society. To empirically analyze how these edifices create meaning in recently established campuses, this paper presents a series of qualitative case studies from the Tamil Nadu region of India. Specifically, it seeks to identify the visual elements of the entrance edifice that influence observers’ perceptions of the Institutional Campus. With this regard, visual elements of the entrance edifice and their physical characters were examined and expand into a questionnaire. Through follow-up interviews with observers on the campus and analyses of the entrance edifice at each Institution, several themes were identified in the observers’ perceptions. The empirical findings suggest that several visual elements can significantly impact the visual perception of an Institutional Campus’s image: Form Identity, Architectural Elements, Scale and Portion, and Color and Material. Integrating these elements into an Institutional Campus entrance edifice design can strengthen its image in urban settings, potentially building up the image for the urban populations around the campus.
The Architecture of Airport Terminals: Gateway To A City
Authors: Dakshayini R Patil  , Mamatha P Raj
Published: January 2020

This paper looks at Airport Terminals as icons in a city and the design aspects for the Terminal building which is the interface between ground & air transport. The architecture of Terminal building involves diverse perspectives of analysis and understanding. As glamorous gateways to a city, Airports are representative and first impressions of the city. Hence, form and function of Terminal buildings are both equally prime aspects of planning & design. Cities vie for world class airports- domestic or international, as they are a city’s pride like any other monument or landmark, catering to visitors across cities and nations. Airports are generally planned for a longer life term functioning at least for half a century with intent of good possibility of future expansion. A Terminal has two sides to it; land-side and air-side. While passenger comfort and safety are of utmost importance, on air-side the operational activities of the aircrafts require critical planning and management. They are large establishments involving architecture and technical design detailing at various scales. Apart from the primary objectives of passenger needs, airline operational needs, airport management- safety & security, there is a community objective as well; which involves a facility for citizens; airport building itself being an aesthetic and integral part of the city. Indian cities are witnessing unprecedented growth in air travel and expectations of a good experience at the Airport is deemed prerogative. ‘Green Airports’ are the current theme in India going the social & environmental way of design & conceptualization.
Importance of Architecture and Planning of Kanchipuram and the Dynamics of Implementing Architectural Restoration
Authors: Thirumaran K  , Renganathan R
Published: January 2020

The importance of traditional architecture and planning of Kanchipuram is expressed through a set of objective and subjective map based indicators. The analysis is done at the block level. The results brings out values expressing the epitome of the traditional architecture and planning. The paper presents the map based analysis of the traditional core. The map based analysis perceives changes in the tissues of the study area. The paper emphasizes the importance of social activities as a key to good urban life. The importance of social activities in par with physical component holding it is also presented. A subjective note on climatic considerations at the block level is given based on observations. To compliment conservation measures, a feasibility study to revamp vernacular elements in the modern facades of the city is probed. Stated preference survey method was adopted for the feasibility study. Emphasis is given to public participation and professional involvement in the process of planning and implementing conservation measures. The measures shall realize economic development and life processes. Further certain morale ethics involved in the process methods of planning is discussed. Though the changes are high; the city upholds bright quos towards conservation pertaining to acceptance of traditional aspects and the urge for socialization.
Analyzing the Values in the Built Heritage of Chettinadu Region, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Seetha RajivKumar
Published: January 2020

Chettinadu, a region in southern India, is situated in Tamil Nadu State 32 km from the west coast of the Bay of Bengal with a total area of 1,550 square kilometers in the heart of Tamil Nadu. The built heritage of Chettinadu is an irreplaceable cultural resource giving it a unique identity and character. In the tentative list of UNESCO 2014, the Chettinadu region has been classified into three clusters based on their Outstanding Universal Values and this provides a framework for our research.The region has experienced a tremendous amount of change from its original design and the old buildings are mirrors of the procession of history and culture that together have formed the heritage of the town. Well known for its palatial mansions with their unique architectural style, the conservation of old buildings is a must in retaining the character of the city. In this paper we studied the historical background of heritage areas and buildings in the Chettinadu region and attempted to establish the values in the built heritage by means of a selected set of variables. To achieve this objective various parameters were analyzed as how the values of the built heritage contribute to the unique sociocultural flavor of Chettinadu. Social, cultural, historical, and architectural values all enhance the image of the town, but assessing their relative importance for purposes of urban planning is a significant challenge. This analysis support the evolution of strategies targeted at preserving and enhancing the built heritage of the region. The varied heritage potential based on the values will help planners and developers to create sustainable programs for modernizing the infrastructure while protecting the inherent values of the built heritage of Chettinadu.
Cinema, Architecture and Domesticity: The Filmic House in Basu Chatterjee’s ‘Piya ka Ghar’
Authors: Smita Dalvi
Published: January 2020

This paper explores the intersection of cinema and architecture to analyse the Filmic House in Hindi film Piya Ka Ghar (Dir. Basu Chatterjee, 1972). It deploys Environment-Behaviour Studies for film interpretation to make readings about the unique habitability and domesticity of chawls, a residential typology evolved in Bombay for communal living in a dense urban situation. The central premise of the film is constructed around the spatial anxieties faced by a young bride having grown up in a spacious village house when she arrives at her new marital home, a single room chawl tenement that is home to five other people besides her husband, and is always overrun by chawl friends. This marital house (or ‘The Home of the Beloved’, of the title) and its extreme utilisation of space is the source of her anxieties and impacts her behaviour. The lived space rendered in the film and its architectural mise-en-scene is found to communicate about the strategies of adaptation and possible reconciliation to a life in chawl. It also communicates nuanced meanings about the generally understood notions of domesticity such as home as a private and inner domain vis-à-vis the world outside by showing their fluidity in the context of chawl living.
Risk Factors for the Development of Hospital-Associated Venous Thromboembolism in Adult Patients Admitted to a Children’s Hospital
Authors: Moss Stephanie R. , Jenkins Ashley M. , Caldwell Alicia K. , Herbst Brian F. , Kelleher Matthew E. , Kinnear Benjamin , Ambroggio Lilliam , Herbst Lori A. , Chima Ranjit S. , O’Toole Jennifer K.
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Hospital-associated venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE) is a leading cause of preventable in-hospital mortality in adults. Our objective was to describe HA-VTE and evaluate risk factors for its development in adults admitted to a children’s hospital, which has not been previously studied. We also evaluated the performance of commonly used risk assessment tools for HA-VTE.

METHODS:

A case-control study was performed at a freestanding children’s hospital. Cases of HA-VTE in patients ≥18 years old (2013–2017) and age-matched controls were identified. We extracted patient and HA-VTE characteristics and HA-VTE risk factors on the basis of previous literature. Thrombosis risk assessment was performed retrospectively by using established prospective adult tools (Caprini and Padua scores).

RESULTS:

Thirty-nine cases and 78 controls were identified. Upper extremities were the most common site of thrombosis (62%). Comorbid conditions were common (91.5%), and malignancy was more common among case patients than controls (P = .04). The presence of a central venous catheter (P < .01), longer length of stay (P < .01), ICU admission (P = .005), and previous admission within 30 days (P = .01) were more common among case patients when compared with controls. Median Caprini score was higher for case patients (P < .01), whereas median Padua score was similar between groups (P = .08).

CONCLUSIONS:

HA-VTE in adults admitted to children’s hospitals is an important consideration in a growing high-risk patient population. HA-VTE characteristics in our study were more similar to published data in pediatrics.
Utility of Birth Certificate Data for Evaluating Hospital Variation in Admissions to NICUs
Authors: Haidari Eman S. , Lee Henry C. , Illuzzi Jessica L. , Lin Haiqun , Xu Xiao
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Efforts to study potential overuse of NICU admissions and hospital variation in practice are often hindered by a lack of an appropriate data source. We examined the concordance of hospital-level NICU admission rates between birth certificate data and California Children’s Services (CCS) data to inform the utility of birth certificate data in studying hospital variation in NICU admissions.

METHODS:

We analyzed birth certificate data from California in 2012 and hospital-specific summary data from CCS regarding NICU admissions. NICU admission rates were calculated for both data sets while using CCS data as the gold standard. The difference between birth certificate–based and CCS-based NICU admission rates was assessed by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and concordance between the 2 rates was evaluated by using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient and Kendall’s W concordance coefficient.

RESULTS:

Among a total of 103 hospitals that were linked between the 2 data sets, birth certificate data generally underreported NICU admission rates compared with CCS data (median = 7.72% vs 11.51%; P < .001). However, in a subset of 35 hospitals where the difference in NICU admission rates between the 2 data sets was small, the birth certificate–based NICU admission rate showed good concordance with the rate from CCS data (Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient = 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.84–0.95; Kendall’s W concordance coefficient = 0.99; P < .001). Hospitals with good-concordance data did not differ from other hospitals in the institutional characteristics assessed.

CONCLUSIONS:

For a selected subset of hospitals, birth certificate data may offer a reasonable means to investigate hospital variation in NICU admissions.