bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A survey of Himalayan rangeland weeds in Tinjure-Milke-Jaljale area, eastern Nepal
Authors: Limbu Dil Kumar , Koirala Madan , Shang Zhanhuan
Published: January 2013

Eight common rangeland weeds including Anaphalis contorta, Berberis erythroclada, Euphorbia wallichii, Potentilla lineate, Prunella vulgaris, Pteris aspericaulis, Senecio chrysanthemoides and Swertia pedicellata were recorded from the rangelands of Tinjure-Milke-Jaljale area in the present study, among which Senecio chrysanthemoides and Swertia pedicellata were the most obnoxious species responsible for the habitat degradation for wildlife, reduction in biodiversity, curtailment of forage resources and alternation of ecosystem and functions. The main reason for rapid weed invasion was the lack of awareness of the gravity of situation among the stakeholders hindering adoption of effective weed control measures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7486 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 24-30 (2012)
Some interesting freshwater algae from Chimdi lake including a new record for Nepal
Authors: Raj Shiva Kumar , Rai Ram Kumar
Published: January 2013

A preliminary study on algae of Chimdi lake was carried out. A total six freshwater algae viz., Oscillatoria splendida Grev. ex Gom., Cylindrospermum stagnale (Kuetz.) Born. et Flah. f. variabilis Prasad, Gloeotrichia raciborskii Woloszynska var. kashiense Rao, Melosira varians Ag., Crucigenia crucifera (Wolle) Collins and Euastrum spinulosum Delp. var. bellum Scott et Prescott were recorded from Chimdi lake. Euastrum spinulosum var. bellum was recorded for the first time from Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7499 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 118-125 (2012)
Turtles of Kankai (Mai) river and their ethno-medicinal uses
Authors: Kharel Milan , Chhetry Damodar Thapa
Published: January 2013

This paper deals with 67 specimens belonging to eight different species out of which 4 species were hard-shelled turtles such as Indotestudo elongata, Melanochyles tricarinata, Melanochyles trijuga and Pangshura flaviventer, while rest of 4 species were soft-shelled turtles such as Lissemys punctata, Aspideretes hurum, Aspideretes gangeticus and Chitra indica. Among all, Lissemys punctata was recorded as widely distributed and most abundant species. Ethno-medicinal uses of turtle by Satar, an indigenous ethnic community of southern Jhapa for human and domestic animals have been documented. Most of the diseases are treated by the use of turtle shell of Lissemys punctata. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7500 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 126-133 (2012)
Standardized Flexibility: The Choreography of ICT in Standardization of Service Work
Authors: Røhnebæk Maria
Published: January 2013

This article is based on a research project that explores the proliferation of information and communication technology (ICT) in public services. Furthermore, the research explores how the enhanced presence of ICT relates to efforts to increas-ingly individualise the service delivery. It can be argued that enhanced individualisation requires increased levels of discretion and flexibility. At the same time, this flexibility needs to be implemented within a standardized framework to ensure due process and to meet demands for efficiency. As local-level work practices in the public services are increasingly being enabled through ICT, the information systems can thus be seen to offer ’standardized flexibility’. Hence, the information systems work as both enablers of flexibility and as controllers of the same.

This research explores how this duality manifests empirically at the local-level of the Norwegian employment and welfare services (NAV). It focuses on the in-terface of the information systems and local-level employees. In this article, I portray the role of the information system, Arena, with regard to how the front-line employees structure and organize their work. This portrayal reveals that the information system reflects an ideal world which is out of tune with local working conditions. The employees are thus facing gaps between the ideals of the system and their actual work context. The main purpose of the paper is to illustrate how the employees deal with this gap; I identify three types of responses and strategies. Moreover, I suggest that the relationship between the information systems and different kinds of local responses may be fruitfully analysed by drawing an analogy with choreography and dancing. The second purpose of this article is thus to outline how the metaphor of choreography may provide a suitable theoretical lens for analysing ICT-enabled standardization of work.
Protein Fractions of Pearl Millet Submitted to Different Nitrogen Doses and Cutting Ages
Authors: Faria Júnior Oscar L. , S. França Aldi F. de , Silva-Pause Alzira G. da , Miyagi Eliane S. , M. C. Peron Hugo J. , Arnhold Emmanuel , G. Mascarenhas Alessandra , Corrêa Daniel S.
Published: January 2013

The objective of this study was to characterize and identify the protein fractions of two cultivars of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) – ADR-300 and cv. BN-1 – submitted to different nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1) at three cutting ages. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with a 4 x 3 factorial treatment structure, with three repetitions. The crude protein concentration (CP) and the protein fractions A, B1, B2, B3 and C of the pearl millet cultivars were evaluated by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. The CP concentrations differed according to the cultivars, with variation between the treatments of 14.01% to 23.29% for ADR-300 and 11.82% to 19.29% for BN-1. Fraction A (P<0.05) differed for the two cultivars, with variations also observed in the B1, B2 and B3 fractions in function of the treatments applied. Fraction C (P<0.05) differed among treatments only on the first cutting, for all doses for the two cultivars evaluated. The nitrogen doses and cutting age influenced the composition of the protein fractions.
Sur la vocation acéphale du théologien
Authors: Nault François
Published: January 2013

Cet article porte sur la question de la « vocation du théologien », comme « appel existentiel », mais aussi comme acte d’inscription ecclésiale et universitaire. Il cherche à montrer comment la réflexion de Christoph Theobald apporte un éclairage sur ces questions.
The Inhibin B Response to a Motilin Receptor Agonist in Male Rats
Authors: Ziejewski Mary K. , Vidal Justin D. , Stanislaus Dinesh , Apostoli April , Chowdhury Probash , Laffan Susan
Published: January 2013

BACKGROUND

In a repeat oral dose toxicity study, all of 16 male rats given 100 mg/kg/day GSK1322888 sustained testicular injury after 4 weeks of treatment; the findings were not reversible after 12 weeks off‐dose. The current study was conducted to further characterize testicular toxicity and to explore the possible relationship between onset of lesions, and changes in circulating hormone levels.

METHODS

Male Sprague Dawley rats were orally administered 30 or 100 mg/kg/day GSK1322888 for 2 weeks with a 4‐week off‐dose period. Blood was collected via tail vein twice during the treatment period (days 4 and 11) and three times during the off‐dose period (days 28, 36, and 42) for measurement of serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and Inhibin B, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone concentrations. A histopathologic examination of testes was performed at the end of the treatment and off‐dose periods.

RESULTS

At 100 mg/kg/day, microscopic findings of the testis (degeneration of the germinal epithelium) were evident for 9 of 10 male rats on day 14 and all 10 rats at the end of the 4‐week recovery period. There was no testicular toxicity observed at 30 mg/kg/day. During all stages of evaluation, there was no apparent difference among control and treated animals in hormone concentrations.

CONCLUSION

There was poor correlation between changes in serum levels of Inhibin B and testis histopathology. Based on these observations, the utility of Inhibin B as a hormonal marker for germ cell toxicity is limited.
The Inhibin B (InhB) Response to the Testicular Toxicants Mono‐2‐Ethylhexyl Phthalate (MEHP), 1,3 Dinitrobenzene (DNB), or Carbendazim (CBZ) Following Short‐term Repeat Dosing in the Male Rat
Authors: Breslin William J. , Paulman April , Sun‐Lin Denise , Goldstein Keith M. , Derr Angela
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of plasma Inhibin B (InhB) as a biomarker of testicular injury in adult rats following short‐term exposure to the known Sertoli cell toxicants mono‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), 1,3 dinitrobenzene (DNB), or carbendazim (CBZ).

METHODS

Following oral gavage administration of the compounds for 2 or 7 days, the rats were evaluated for clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, organ weights, plasma hormone levels, and gross and microscopic pathology.

RESULTS

MEHP,DNB, andCBZproduced a range of testicular toxicity characterized by minimal exfoliation of germ cells as demonstrated by increased cellular debris in the epididymis (MEHP) to more severe and dose/duration responsive Sertoli cell vacuolation, germ cell degeneration, and multinucleated giant cells of germ cell origin (DNBandCBZ). The slight to moderate Sertoli and germinal cell injuries did not correlate with significant changes in plasma InhB levels following 2‐ or 7‐day exposures. However, more severe injury to germinal epithelium following up to 7 days of exposure, but not after 2 days of exposure, correlated with decreased plasma InhB levels and less consistently with increases in plasma follicle stimulating hormone.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, under the conditions of these studies, changes in InhB were not an effective early onset marker of testicular toxicity or an effective marker for slight to moderate levels of acute injury, and only reflected more severe disruption of spermatogenesis. Changes in plasma InhB and follicle stimulating hormone were poorly correlated except in some instances of moderate to marked testicular toxicity.
Ten Year Research Update (2001–2010): Evaluations for Competence to Stand Trial (Adjudicative Competence)
Authors: Fogel Michael H. , Schiffman Wendy , Mumley Denise , Tillbrook Chad , Grisso Thomas
Published: January 2013

This article reviews and evaluates publications during 2001–2010 with relevance for assessments of competence to stand trial, referred to in this article as adjudicative competence. The review focuses specifically on articles that provide new concepts or data supported by research or case analyses. The studies are reviewed under the following headings: (i) systemic issues, (ii) conceptual guidelines for AC evaluations, (iii) AC assessment methods, (iv) empirical correlates of AC judgments and psycholegal abilities, (v) quality of AC evaluations and reports, (vi) interpretive issues, (vii) special populations (defendants who are elderly, defendants with intellectual disabilities), (viii) AC evaluations of juveniles, and (ix) treatment of incompetent defendants. Suggestions are offered for further research to advance the quality of clinical evaluations of adjudicative competence. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Foxp3+ regulatory T cells are activated in spite of B7‐CD28 and CD40‐CD40L blockade
Authors: Vogel Isabel , Verbinnen Bert , Maes Wim , Boon Louis , Van Gool Stefaan W. , Ceuppens Jan L.
Published: January 2013

Costimulatory signals are required for priming and activation of naive T cells, while it is less clear how they contribute to induction of regulatory T (Treg)‐cell activity. We previously reported that the blockade of the B7‐CD28 and CD40L‐CD40 interaction efficiently suppresses allogeneic T‐cell activation in vivo. This was characterized by an initial rise in Foxp3+ cells, followed by depletion of host‐reactive T cells. To further investigate effects of costimulatory blockade on Treg cells, we used an in vitro model of allogeneic CD4+ cell activation. When CTLA‐4Ig and anti‐CD40L mAb (MR1) were added to the cultures, T‐cell proliferation and IL‐2 production were strongly reduced. However, Foxp3+ cells proliferated and acquired suppressive activity. They suppressed activation of syngeneic CD4+ cells much more efficiently than did freshly isolated Treg cells. CD4+ cells activated by allogeneic cells in the presence of MR1 and CTLA‐4Ig were hyporesponsive on restimulation, but their response was restored to that of naive CD4+ cells when Foxp3+ Treg cells were removed. We conclude that natural Treg cells are less dependent on B7‐CD28 or CD40‐CD40L costimulation compared with Foxp3− T cells. Reduced costimulation therefore alters the balance between Teff and Treg‐cell activation in favor of Treg‐cell activity.
Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Amino Phosphonates in Water Using p‐Toluenesulfonic Acid as Catalyst for the Kabachnik–Fields Reaction
Authors: Wu Mingshu , Liu Rendie , Wan Dehui
Published: January 2013

The three‐component Kabachnik–Fields reaction of substituted salicylaldehydes, aromatic amine, and triphenyl phosphite in water was effectively catalyzed by p‐toluenesulfonic acid to give various α‐amino phosphonates in good yields. The catalyst is easily available and inexpensive, and the process is green and mild. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 24:110–115, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21071
Reduced toxicity and superior cellular response of preosteoblasts to Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy and comparison with Ti‐6Al‐4V
Authors: Challa V. S. A. , Mali S. , Misra R. D. K.
Published: January 2013

There are serious concerns on the toxicity of vanadium in Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy. In this regard, we describe the biological footprint of Ti‐6Al‐4V and compare with a viable alternate Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy, in terms of novel experimentation pertaining to cellular activity that include qualitative and quantitative analysis of Feret's diameter of cells, area, and perimeter, and proteins—actin, vinculin, and fibronectin. Interestingly, Ti‐6Al‐7Nb was characterized by superior cell attachment, proliferation, viability, morphology, and spread, which were significantly different from Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy. Additionally, immunofluorescence studies demonstrated stronger vinculin signals associated with actin stress fibers in the outer regions of the cells and cellular extensions in Ti‐6Al‐7Nb alloy. These striking observations suggest enhanced cell–substrate interaction and activity on the surface of niobium‐containing titanium alloy. The significant differences in the cellular response between the two alloys clearly point to the determining role of alloying element (Nb versus V) in a conclusive manner. Based on this study, next generation of titanium alloys is proposed to focus on niobium‐containing alloy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
The Influence of Demand Characteristics and Social Desirability on Clients’ Ratings of the Therapeutic Alliance
Authors: Reese Robert J. , Gillaspy J. Arthur , Owen Jesse J. , Flora Kevin L. , Cunningham Linda C. , Archie Danielle , Marsden TroyMichael
Published: January 2013

Objective

To examine demand characteristics, social desirability on clients’ rating of working alliance using the Session Rating Scale (SRS; Miller, Duncan, & Johnson, 2000).

Method

Clients (N = 102) at two sites were randomly assigned to one of three alliance feedback conditions: (a) IF—SRS completed in presence of therapist and the results discussed immediately afterward; (b) Next Session Feedback—SRS completed alone and results discussed next session; or (c) No Feedback—SRS completed alone and results not available to therapist. Clients completed the SRS for the first three sessions of treatment.

Results

No statistically significant differences in SRS scores across the feedback conditions were found. Additionally, the analysis showed that SRS scores were not correlated with a measure of social desirability but were correlated with an established alliance measure.

Conclusions

The results indicate that alliance scores were not inflated due to the presence of a therapist or knowing that the scores would be observed by the therapist.
Priming of Courageous Behavior: Contrast Effects in Spider Fearful Women
Authors: Cougle Jesse R. , Hawkins Kirsten A.
Published: January 2013

Objective

Recently, researchers have called for therapeutic applications of behavioral primes (Shalev & Bargh, 2011). We evaluated whether courageous approach behavior might be facilitated through priming in a sample of spider fearful women.

Method

Undergraduate student women reporting elevated spider fear (N = 33, Age mean = 18.88) were recruited for this study. Participants completed self‐report measures of spider fear and dispositional courage. They then completed either a courage or neutral word search prime, which was followed by a behavioral approach task involving a tarantula.

Results

Consistent with predictions, among those reporting lower dispositional courage, the courage prime led to reduced approach behavior relative to the neutral prime. However, no group differences were found among those high in dispositional courage.

Conclusions

These findings point to the importance of self‐perceptions in moderating the effects of behavioral primes and suggest limitations to the use of such interventions with individuals with psychological dysfunction.
An introduction to methodological issues when including non‐randomised studies in systematic reviews on the effects of interventions
Authors: Reeves Barnaby C. , Higgins Julian P. T. , Ramsay Craig , Shea Beverley , Tugwell Peter , Wells George A.
Published: January 2013

Background

Methods need to be further developed to include non‐randomised studies (NRS) in systematic reviews of the effects of health care interventions. NRS are often required to answer questions about harms and interventions for which evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is not available. Methods used to review randomised controlled trials may be inappropriate or insufficient for NRS.

Aim and methods

A workshop was convened to discuss relevant methodological issues. Participants were invited from important stakeholder constituencies, including methods and review groups of the Cochrane and Campbell Collaborations, the Cochrane Editorial Unit and organisations that commission reviews and make health policy decisions. The aim was to discuss methods for reviewing evidence when including NRS and to formulate methodological guidance for review authors.

Workshop format

The workshop was structured around four sessions on topics considered in advance to be most critical: (i) study designs and bias; (ii) confounding and meta‐analysis; (iii) selective reporting; and (iv) applicability. These sessions were scheduled between introductory and concluding sessions.

This is the first of six papers and provides an overview. Subsequent papers describe the discussions and conclusions from the four main sessions (papers 2 to 5) and summarise the proposed guidance into lists of issues for review authors to consider (paper 6). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient isolation of carbonyl‐reducing enzymes using affinity approach with anticancer drug oracin as a specific ligand
Authors: Škarydová Lucie , Andrýs Rudolf , Holubová Lucie , Štambergová Hana , Kňavová Jana , Wsól Vladimír , Bílková Zuzana
Published: January 2013

Carbonyl‐reducing enzymes are important in both metabolism of endogenous substances and biotransformation of xenobiotics. Because sufficient amounts of native enzymes must be obtained to study their roles in metabolism, an efficient purification strategy is very important. Oracin (6‐[2‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)aminoethyl]‐5,11‐dioxo‐5,6‐dihydro‐11H‐indeno[1,2‐c] isoquinoline) is a prospective anticancer drug and one of the xenobiotic substrates for carbonyl‐reducing enzymes. A new purification strategy based on molecular recognition of carbonyl‐reducing enzymes with oracin as a ligand is reported here. The type of covalent bond, ligand molecules orientation, and their distance from the backbone of the solid matrix for good stearic accessibility were taken into account during the designing of the carrier. The carriers based on magnetically active microparticles were tested by recombinant enzymes AKR1C3 and CBR1. The SiMAG‐COOH magnetic microparticles with N‐alkylated oracin and BAPA as spacer arm provide required parameters: proper selectivity and specificity enabling to isolate the target enzyme in sufficient quantity, purity, and activity.
Tourism Firms' Strategic Flexibility: the Case of Slovenia
Authors: Dwyer Larry Michael , Cvelbar Ljubica Knežević , Edwards Deborah J. , Mihalič Tanja A.
Published: January 2013

Strategic flexibility provides an approach for tourism destinations to respond more readily to turbulent environments. It is a management method that can assist tourism suppliers to meet the challenges of achieving competitive advantage. The paper also explores the importance that is accorded to the facilitators or drivers of strategic flexibility by Slovenian tourism industry stakeholders along with their performance in actioning these drivers. Importance performance analysis suggests the priority strategic actions to reduce the risk of strategic drift. The paper concludes with an assessment of the implications of these findings for emerging destinations generally. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial heterogeneity in habitat selection: Nest site selection by greater prairie‐chickens
Authors: Mcnew Lance B. , Gregory Andrew J. , Sandercock Brett K.
Published: January 2013

Ecological relationships of animals and their environments are known to vary spatially and temporally across scales. However, common approaches for evaluating resource selection by animals assume that the processes of habitat selection are stationary across space. The assumption that habitat selection is spatially homogeneous may lead to biased inference and ineffective management. We present the first application of geographically weighted logistic regression to habitat selection by a wildlife species. As a case study, we examined nest site selection by greater prairie‐chickens at 3 sites with different ecological conditions in Kansas to assess whether the relative importance of habitat features varied across space. We found that 1) nest sites were associated with habitat conditions at multiple spatial scales, 2) habitat associations across spatial scales were correlated, and 3) the influence of habitat conditions on nest site selection was spatially explicit. Post hoc analyses revealed that much of the spatial variability in habitat selection processes was explained at a regional scale. Moreover, habitat features at local spatial scales were more strongly associated with nest site selection in unfragmented grasslands managed intensively for cattle production than they were in fragmented grasslands within a matrix of farmland. Female prairie‐chickens exhibited spatial variability in nest site selection at multiple spatial scales, suggesting plasticity in habitat selection behavior. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for spatial heterogeneity when evaluating the ecological effects of habitat components. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Whispering gallery mode microlasers and refractive index sensing based on single polymer fiber
Authors: Duong Ta Van , Chen Rui , Ma Lin , Jun Ying Yong , Dong Sun Han
Published: January 2013

The realization of whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing in polymer fibers is hindered by an appropriate method to dissolve the polymer and the gain material. In this work, microfibers fabricated by directly drawing from a dye doped polymer solution are exhibited as high quality microlasers and microsensors. Multi‐mode and even single‐mode lasing is observed from the fiber under optical pumping at room temperature. The linewidth of lasing mode is narrower than 0.09 nm. The lasing mechanism is unambiguously verified by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and ascribed to WGMs. Diameter‐ and polarization‐dependent lasing characteristics are systematically investigated, showing good agreement with the theoretical calculation. Particularly, application of the fiber laser for refractive index sensing based on resonant shift of lasing mode is demonstrated and the sensitivity up to about 300 nm/RIU is achieved. The promising potential of high quality polymer microfibers as optical sensors and multi‐function components for flexible photonic integrated systems is highly expected.
Stimulated emission from PbS‐quantum dots in glass matrix
Authors: Yue Fangyu , Tomm Jens W. , Kruschke Detlef , Glas Peter
Published: January 2013

The luminescence behavior of PbS‐quantum dots in glass matrix (PbS:Glass) is investigated. Steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence are applied in a wide range of excitation densities up to pulse energies exceeding 50 µJ/cm2. While perfect linear recombination is observed across four orders of magnitude, an additional radiative recombination mechanism emerges at an excitation density of 1 µ J/cm2 per pulse at 390 nm excitation and increases the external quantum efficiency. The time constant of this process is ∼20–40 ps. It is ascribed to stimulated emission. No hint to any non‐linear non‐radiative processes such as Auger recombination is observed. Thermal effects, however, still set limits. This is encouraging news for PbS:Glass as potential laser material.
Mathematical Modeling of Arborescent Polyisobutylene Production in Batch Reactors
Authors: Zhao Yutian R. , McAuley Kimberley B. , Puskas Judit E. , Dos Santos Lucas M. , Alvarez Alejandra
Published: January 2013

A novel model describes copolymerization of isobutylene and inimer (initiator‐monomer) via living carbocationic polymerization. Six different propagation rate constants and two types of equilibrium reactions are considered. Simplifying assumptions are made to enable implementation in PREDICI, so that the molecular weight distribution (MWD) could be predicted for molecules with different branching levels. Four apparent rate constants were estimated from experimental data with <5 branches per molecule. Model predictions provide a good fit to data, and simulation results show that polymers with high‐branching levels and ≥15 inimer units contribute significantly to the MWD, even though their concentrations are very low.

magnified image
Authorship productivity in the knowledge management literature
Authors: Wallace Danny P.
Published: January 2013

A Lotka analysis was conducted of 14,149 references to knowledge management publications retrieved from a search of the ABI/Inform database. Results indicate that the sample of knowledge management publications conforms to the negative power distribution typical of Lotka analyses. Calculated Lotka constants were within expected parameters. A Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test revealed no significant differences between observed and expected distributions. It is concluded that the knowledge management literature conforms to the principles of Lotka's Law. Analysis of author affiliations revealed that academics were prevalent among the most productive authors but that the top five authors in terms of productivity were practitioners.
A personal information management scheme using shared labels and implication links
Authors: Dubey Gaurav , Zhang Xiaolong (Luke)
Published: January 2013

The tree‐based file management scheme is universally deployed as a personal information management approach; however, it has several weaknesses. In this paper, we identify and discuss some of the weaknesses of the tree‐based approach: these include conceptual fragmentation, conceptual non‐comprehensiveness, entry point restriction, and enforced ordering. After describing some previous attempts at building alternative schemes for PIM, we propose our own scheme, based on shared labels and implication links. Location addresses consist of unordered sets of labels, and each location has connections to other addresses that are subsets and supersets of the location's address. Implication links can be used to capture implication relationships between concepts: specifying a link from one label to another means that the first label will automatically be accompanied by the second in addresses.

We discuss the components of the new scheme, in addition to methods for manipulating it. We describe the ways in which the new scheme addresses the problems identified with the tree‐based approach. We also present a mockup of a prototype application for browsing information repositories based on the new scheme. To conclude, we discuss future research directions, including theoretical analysis, implementation, and testing.
Favorite websites: Understanding prior knowledge of teens' mental models of public library websites for teens
Authors: Naughton Robin , Agosto Denise E.
Published: January 2013

In this paper, we explore teens' mental models of public library websites for teens (teen library websites/TLWs), specifically favorite websites as they relate to prior knowledge and experience. Thirty teen participants from three public libraries within three demographically diverse locations in New Jersey took part in the study. Each participant completed a questionnaire, a drawing task, and a semi‐structured individual interview. During the semi‐structured interview, participants described their drawings in detail, discussed and demonstrated their favorite websites and evaluated current TLWs. The results showed that teen public library users hold multiple mental models of TLWs. In addition, favorite websites data provided some understanding of the role of prior knowledge and experience in teens' use and expectations of TLWs. Based on analysis of the data, we offer design recommendations for making TLWs better match teens' design and use expectations and preferences.
Exploration of dynamic query suggestions and dynamic search results for their effects on search behaviors
Authors: Shah Chirag , Liu Jingjing , González‐Ibáñez Roberto , Belkin Nicholas
Published: January 2013

While search behavior using dynamic query suggestions is understudied, it is virtually non‐existent for dynamic search results (as currently experienced with Google Instant). We report results from a controlled lab study aimed at exploring the effects of these recent search interface developments – dynamic query suggestions and dynamic search results – on users' search behaviors. Based on the availability of these two features, 36 participants were assigned to three conditions and were asked to complete an exploratory search task. Analyses on user behaviors were conducted based on log data, screen videos, and eye tracking. Our results showed that while the dynamic search results feature exposed the participants to more search results pages, shorter querying time and shorter queries, such a functionality did not change users' general search process transition, as well as number of search sites, queries, and visited webpages. The findings also indicate a need to evaluate search interface features in the broader context of task completion rather than information searching and query running only.
Measuring science: Emerging tools for analysis of federal R&D investments
Authors:   AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow, Assigned to the National Science Foundation, Office of the Assistant Director, Directorate for Biological Sciences,   AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow, Assigned to the National Science Foundation, Office of the Assistant Director, Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences,   AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow, Assigned to the National Science Foundation, Office of the Assistant Director, Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences,   AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow, Assigned to the National Science Foundation, Division of Integrative Organismal Systems, Directorate for Biological Sciences
Published: January 2013

Assessment of federal funding for scientific research and development (R&D) has broad relevance across academia, government and industry. Over the last 20 years, public policy decision‐makers and federal administrators have generated legislation and guidelines for the development of new tools to support a deeper understanding of R&D investments. Led by the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation, STAR METRICS and Research.gov are two new R&D data systems. Following an overview of these systems and tools, we will present the findings of two portfolio analysis projects. The first applied a topic model approach to assess the current coverage of funding regarding the social aspects of environmental sustainability. The second project generated a novel conceptual framework to identify awards and assess outcome‐based contributions to the “BioEconomy.” We conclude with a presentation of the political and practical challenges that emerged during the portfolio assessment for the BioEconomy, and a discussion of implications for the wider use of these new systems.
Unwiring and rewiring for the knowledge future
Authors: Bedford Denise A. D. , Moon Brian , Vala‐Webb Gordon , Uldrich Jack
Published: January 2013

Knowledge is a dynamic thing. It is not static. It is constantly changing, challenged and tested against new and different ideas, applied and judged in different contexts and recast by people. The life cycle of knowledge is dynamic and chaotic. It reflects the human thought process. It is different from the information cycle which is linear and predictable. A critical step in the knowledge life cycle is “knowledge validation/invalidation.” Too often, this step takes the form of a check against an existing stock of information. The result is what we might call – knowledge sub optimization. What does it take to do a deep validation/invalidation of knowledge?
OTO: Ontology term organizer
Authors: Huang Fengqiong , Macklin James , Morris Paul J. , Sanyal Partha Pratim , Morris Robert A. , Cui Hong
Published: January 2013

We believe biology ontologies should reflect the consensus of biologists. To promote consensus and assist the development of ontologies in biology domains, we implemented a web‐based ontology term organizer (OTO) to collect grouping and relationship opinions from biologists. Besides is_a and part_of relations (the most frequently used relations in biology domains), OTO can also be used to sort out ordered values in any domain. A demo dataset OTO_demo has been set up at http://biosemantics.arizona.edu/ONTNEW. Use username OTOdemo and password OTOdemopass to login.
Google books' coverage of Hawai'i and Pacific books
Authors: Weiss Andrew , James Ryan
Published: January 2013

This poster reports on a recent quantitative study of Google Books' coverage of Hawaiian and Pacific books using the University of Hawaii's collection as a benchmark. A total of 1,500 books were randomly selected from the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa's Hawaiian, Pacific, and general stacks collections. Their level of access was then determined in Google Books by observing whether the books had a metadata record, were full‐text searchable, and whether they were available in snippet, preview, or full‐text views. Results show that Google Books has a sizable number of metadata records for Hawaiian and Pacific books, but has only a limited number available for full‐text searching. In contrast, a larger number of books from the general stacks were available for full‐text searching.
Pseudo‐collaboration as a method to perform selective algorithmic mediation in collaborative IR systems
Authors: González‐Ibáñez Roberto , Shah Chirag , White Ryen W.
Published: January 2013

Traditional recommendation systems suggest results based on data collected from users' actions. Many of the newer information retrieval (IR) systems incorporate social search or collective search signals as an extension to standard term‐based retrieval algorithms. Systems based on social or collaborative search methods, however, do not consider when, how, and to what extent such support could help or hurt their users' search performance. In this poster we propose a novel approach of selective algorithmic mediation capable of identifying when a user should be aided by a collaborator and to what extent such help could enhance search success. We demonstrate the applicability and benefits of our approach through simulations using a pseudocollaboration method on the log data of individual users and pairs of users gathered during a laboratory study with 131 participants. The results show that our approach can improve the search performance of both individual searchers and others collaborating intentionally by identifying and recommending regions in search processes with best chance of improvements, thus increasing the likelihood that users find more useful information with less effort.
Mining classifications from social‐ecological databases
Authors: Jensen Scott , Chen Miao , Liu Xiaozhong , Plale Beth , Leake David
Published: January 2013

Social‐ecological research is characteristic of long‐tail science, with many region‐specific studies of social and ecological phenomena that collectively yield a large volume of highly heterogeneous, small data sets. This variability makes it difficult to determine the applicability of a particular data set for a new research question, hindering the reuse of data that has been often collected through extensive effort. In this paper we present results of automatic classification of socio‐ecological data into categories defined by a domain model called the SES Framework. We have applied our methods to the classification of a relational database containing over 18 years of research on forest systems. Our preliminary results suggest that decision tree‐based classifiers along with textual features perform well at this task. Furthermore, social‐ecological data sets are found to exhibit distinct classification features in that the results are promising even for classes that comprise a relatively small portion of the database.
Exploring digital information using tags and local knowledge
Authors: Kipp Margaret E. I. , Buchel Olha , Neal Diane Rasmussen
Published: January 2013

This paper describes a pilot study examining user‐contributed metadata associated with the Library of Congress Flickr project in conjunction with the Library of Congress' more traditional metadata records. We collected all records from the LC Flickr Project which contained subject headings for the pilot study. These records were examined using basic descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis techniques to determine similarities and differences between the user‐contributed and traditional metadata, specifically in the areas of tag usage, comment contents, and associated notes. We discovered that many users were contributing local and personal knowledge to the Flickr records.
Integrating digital forensics into born‐digital workflows: The BitCurator project
Authors: Gengenbach Martin , Chassanoff Alexandra , Olsen Porter
Published: January 2013

There is a growing body of work investigating the needs and desires of collecting institutions as they adapt to the acquisition of born‐digital materials. The incorporation of digital forensics tools and techniques into digital curation workflows offers great promise for addressing the complexities bound up in ingesting and preserving digital objects at multiple levels of representation. This poster presents preliminary results from ongoing research conducted as part of the BitCurator project, a two‐year grant funded initiative to build, test, and analyze systems and software for incorporating digital forensics methods into collecting institutions' workflows. The project arose out of a perceived need in the library, archives, and museum (LAM) communities for better documentation, interfaces, and functionality in processing born‐digital archival materials.
Information, photographs, & the cultural inventory: What John Collier, Jr. offers contemporary researchers
Authors: Leslie Thomson
Published: January 2013

This poster provides historical, theoretical, and chiefly methodological insights into studying information based around the work of visual anthropologist John Collier, Jr. Collier pioneered “cultural” and “photographic inventories” as means to systematically capture social phenomena. First, Collier's inventorying method is introduced. Then, the analysis of a small sample of Collier's work is described in light of contemporary Information Studies' salient concerns. From this miniature case study, information scholars may learn to: utilize visual data gathering techniques effectively in their research designs; analyze visual data appropriately in their work; and incorporate visual data in their reports with maximal impact. This poster synthesizes hitherto diffuse advice about exploiting the toolkit of innovative, data‐enlivening methods proffered by visual approaches and makes the often‐fraught arena of visual research accessible to the information field.
ResultsSpace: An experimental collaborative search environment
Authors: Capra Robert , Chen Annie T. , Hawthorne Katie , Arguello Jaime
Published: January 2013

In this demonstration, we present a system called ResultsSpace to support collaborative information seeking by small groups. ResultsSpace is designed to help groups who are collaborating on searches asynchronously, and includes specific user interface features to increase awareness of collaborators' prior actions and progress. We present the main features of ResultsSpace including collaborative ratings and displays embedded into search results, a peripheral display of collaborators' previous queries, and a results filtering mechanism. We conclude with a summary of our current work to evaluate the system and describe scenarios of use that motivate our future work.
Clusters and constellations: Untwisting shortened links
Authors: Tonkin Emma , Pfeiffer Heather D.
Published: January 2013

Frequent users of social services such as Twitter are now familiar with the use of URL shortening services to produce compressed versions of actionable URLs. Although the typical user motivation for these is often taken to be convenience – particularly in the matter of reducing the amount of space taken by a link during a tweet, these shortening services are also used for various other purposes, including the collection of analytics for marketing purposes. In this poster we present the initial findings from our analysis of 350,000 tweets from Twitter on a subject close to the hearts of many ASIS&T conference attendees – the TSA (transport security administration). These tweets, gathered over a period of six weeks, primarily collect together reactions to a number of events and announcements of both positively and negatively nature, and as such, contain a large number of encoded URLs. We show the result of back‐tracking URLs to their origin, demonstrating that it is now commonplace for URLs to be redirected through more than one redirection service. From analysis of the shortening services used we demonstrate that the majority of shortened URLs make use of one of a very small number of services, although these may be identified via an alias. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings, both in terms of preservation and our ability to access the context of older Twitter conversations, and in terms of the implications for developers of user applications or content analysis platforms.
Modulation of Nrf2‐dependent gene transcription by bilberry anthocyanins in vivo
Authors: Kropat Christopher , Mueller Dolores , Boettler Ute , Zimmermann Kristin , Heiss Elke H. , Dirsch Verena M. , Rogoll Dorothee , Melcher Ralph , Richling Elke , Marko Doris
Published: January 2013

In a human pilot intervention study (healthy + ileostomy probands), the questions were addressed whether in vivo consumption of an anthocyanin‐rich bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillius L.) pomace extract (BE) affects (i) the transcription of Nrf2‐dependent genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), indicative for systemic effects, and (ii) the level of oxidative DNA damage in these cells. In healthy test subjects transcripts of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) were significantly elevated throughout the observation period (1–8 h), whereas transcription of heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) and Nrf2 was significantly decreased. NQO1 and HO‑1 transcription remained unchanged in the ileostomy probands, whereas Nrf2‐transcription was suppressed in both groups. Decrease in oxidative DNA damage was observed 2 h after BE consumption again only in healthy subjects. In vitro studies using a reporter gene approach (CHO) and qPCR (HT29) indicate that not the intact anthocyanins/anthocyanidins are the activating constituents but the intestinal degradation product phloroglucinol aldehyde (PGA). Taken together, consumption of anthocyanin‐rich BE was found to modulate Nrf2‐dependent gene expression in PBMCs indicative for systemic activity. Limitation of the effect to healthy test subjects suggests a role of colonic processes for bioactivity, supported by the results on Nrf2‐activating properties of the intestinal anthocyanin degradation product PGA.
Factors Influencing the Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis in their Decision to Seek Podiatry
Authors: Blake A. , Mandy P. J. , Stew G .
Published: January 2013

Introduction

Despite the level of foot involvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the literature to support early assessment of foot care needs, local referral of patients to podiatry has been occurring too late to instigate certain preventative interventions. Preliminary fieldwork has highlighted that the primary responsibility for the instigation of this lies with the patient. The present study describes the factors that influence the patient with RA in their decision to self‐report foot problems.

Method

A case study research strategy was employed. Nine patients attending the outpatient rheumatology department participated in the study and data were gathered through semi‐structured interviews. This information was analysed using a framework approach.

Results

The key themes derived from the data suggested that there are a variety of factors influencing the patient's decision to self‐report foot concerns. Some will act to encourage the action and others will act to oppose it. Other factors can influence the decision either way, depending on the individual patient (psychological state, previous experience, body image changes). In addition, age, gender, and cultural and social aspects are also significant.

Conclusion

Due to the multitude of factors influencing the individual's decision to seek help, the patient cannot be given sole responsibility for their foot health if we wish to achieve timely and appropriate podiatry, as recommended in the literature. Responsibility should be three‐way; the patient, the members of the rheumatology team and, once in the podiatry service, the podiatrist should maintain this. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alterations of regional spontaneous neuronal activity and corresponding brain circuit changes during resting state in migraine without aura
Authors: Xue Ting , Yuan Kai , Cheng Ping , Zhao Ling , Zhao Limei , Yu Dahua , Dong Tao , von Deneen Karen M. , Gong Qiyong , Qin Wei , Tian Jie
Published: January 2013

Although previous resting‐state studies have reported abnormal functional cerebral changes in patients with migraine without aura (MwoA), few have focused on alterations in both regional spontaneous neuronal activity and corresponding brain circuits in MwoA patients during rest. Eighteen MwoA patients and 18 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited in the current study. Baseline cerebral alterations were investigated using amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and region of interest (ROI)‐based functional connectivity (FC) analyses. Compared with HC, MwoA patients showed decreased ALFF values in the left rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) as well as increased ALFF values in the right thalamus. FC analysis also revealed abnormal FCs associated with these ROIs. In addition, ALFF values of the left rACC correlated with duration of disease in MwoA. Our findings could lead to a better understanding of intrinsic functional architecture of baseline brain activity in MwoA, providing both regional and brain circuit spontaneous neuronal activity properties. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.