bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: An Experimental and Computational Study of the Formation of (π‐Allyl)palladium Complexes from Olefins and Palladium(II) Salts.
Authors: CHRISOPE D. R. , BEAK P. , SAUNDERS W. H. JUN.
Published: May 2016

Kinetic and isotope effect data for the shown reaction are used as an example to discuss three general mechanisms.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Routes to Cristatic Acid and Derivatives.
Authors: CHIARELLO J. , JOULLIE M. M.
Published: May 2016

Synthetic paths to cristatic acid (XIIb) derivatives are explored.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Gangliosides. Part 7. Effective Synthesis of α‐Glycosides of N‐Acetylneuraminic Acid Derivatives by Use of 2‐Deoxy‐2β‐halo‐3β‐hydroxy‐4,7,8,9‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐N‐acetylneuraminic Acid Methyl Ester.
Authors: OKAMOTO K. , KONDO T. , GOTO T.
Published: May 2016

Condensation of the acetyl protected neuraminic acid ester derivative (I) with the acceptors (II) in the presence of Ag triflate gives rise to separable mixtures of the α‐(III) and β‐glycosides (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2‐O‐Isopropylidene Glycerothiolo(Dithiolo)phosphohomocholines. A New Thion‐Thiol Isomerization of Alkylene Phosphorothioates.
Authors: NIFANT'EV E. E. , PREDVODITELEV D. A. , RASADKINA E. N. , BEKKER A. R.
Published: May 2016

Under the influence of phosphonium bromides, thion‐thiol isomerization of the phosphorothioate (I) takes place, giving (IIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses with Sulfones. Part 49. Stereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of (S)‐(‐)‐3,9‐Dimethyl‐6‐(1‐methylethyl)‐(E)‐5,8‐decadien‐1‐ol Acetate, Sexual Pheromone of Yellow Scale.
Authors: ALVAREZ E. , CUVIGNY T. , HERVE DU PENHOAT C. , JULIA M.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (VIIIa) is synthesized starting from the known sulfone (I) and the readily prepared lactone (II) via the intermediates shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Fabrication and Analysis of Bifacial Solar Cells from Dendritic Web Silicon Substrates.
Authors: CAMPBELL R. B. , MEIER D. L. , HWANG J. M.
Published: May 2016

Bifacial solar cells, i.e., both front and back surface have a current‐collecting grid, are fabricated using dendritic web silicon of 100‐160 μm thickness as substrate material.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Crystal Structure of SrMg5.2.
Authors: ERASSME J. , BRAUERS T. , LUEKEN H.
Published: May 2016

In an attempt to insert Mn into Sr‐Mg compounds, single crystals of SrMg5.2 are obtained when a melt containing Sr, Mn, and Mg in an atomic ratio of 1:1:7.5 is cooled down in an unregulated manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Intra‐ and Intermolecular hetero Diels‐Alder Reactions. Part 19. Stereoselective Synthesis of Five‐ and Seven‐Membered Annulated Ring Systems by Intramolecular hetero Diels‐Alder Reaction.
Authors: TIETZE L. F. , BRUMBY T. , PFEIFFER T.
Published: May 2016

Knoevenagel condensation of the aldehydes (I) or (V) with the pyrazol‐5‐one (II) yields the products (III) or (VI) with an α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: The Lewis Acid Catalyzed Diels‐Alder Reaction of 2‐Diethylphosphoryloxy‐1,3‐butadiene, an Oxygen‐Substituted Diene of Unusual Stability.
Authors: LIU H.‐J. , FENG W. M.
Published: May 2016

Lewis acid‐induced (4 + 2) cycloaddition reaction of the butadienyl phosphate (II) with the enone derivatives (I) and (IV) yields regio‐ and stereoselectively the cyclohexenes (III) or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Unusually Rapid Homolysis of the Cobalt‐Carbon Bond in a Macrocyclic Benzylcobalt Complex.
Authors: BAKAC A. , ESPENSON J. H.
Published: May 2016

The complex (I) homolyzes in aqueous solutions even more rapidly than benzylcobalamin does.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of 2,5‐Dialkyl‐1,3,5‐hexatrienes. The Influence of the Ground‐State Conformation, Controlled Through Steric Substituent Effects.
Authors: BROUWER A. M. , BEZEMER L. , CORNELISSE J. , JACOBS H. J. C.
Published: May 2016

E‐trienes such as (I), establishing a rapid pseudo‐equilibrium with their Z‐isomers (II), are converted irreversibly to the products (III)‐(VII) with 70‐80% conversion.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygenation of Polychloro Aromatic Hydrocarbons by a Superoxide Ion in Aprotic Media.
Authors: SUGIMOTO H. , MATSUMOTO S. , SAWYER D. T.
Published: May 2016

Whereas mono‐ and dichlorobenzenes do not react with O2·‐ as is well known, benzenes and biphenyls with more than two chlorines per phenyl moiety do as is demonstrated for the compounds (I)‐(III) (kinetics determined in DMF by cyclic voltammetry).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Reactions Catalyzed by Chiral Metal Complexes. Part 26. Dramatic Hydrogen Pressure and Triethylamine Effects on the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Itaconic Acid Which Give a New Mechanistic Aspect on Asymmetric Induction.
Authors: TAKAHASHI H. , ACHIWA K.
Published: May 2016

The assymetric hydrogenation of itaconic acid (I) is performed in the presence of triethylamine and rhodium catalysts with chiral diphosphine ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Method for the In Situ Generation of Alkoxydialkylboranes and Their Use in the Selective Preparation of 1,3‐Syn Diols.
Authors: CHEN K.‐M. , GUNDERSON K. G. , HARDTMANN G. E. , PRASAD K. , REPIC O. , SHAPIRO M. J.
Published: May 2016

Triethylborane (I) and methanol (II) form the diethylmethoxyborane (IV) via the intermediate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Stereochemistry of Polycyclic Cyclohexa‐2,4‐dienones.
Authors: BARRON C. A. , KHAN N. , SUTHERLAND J. K.
Published: May 2016

The cyclic dienediones (I) are transformed into the acid chlorides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Tris(3,6‐dioxaheptyl)amine as a Phase‐Transfer Catalyst in Phenacyl Ester Synthesis.
Authors: BARTSCH R. A. , PHILLIPS J. B.
Published: May 2016

The phenacyl bromide (I) reacts with the potassium carboxylates (II) in the presence of tris(3,6‐dioxaheptyl)amine to produce the esters (III).
ChemInform Abstract: The Conversion of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones into β‐Phenylthio α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: DE GROOT A. , PEPERZAK R. M. , VADER J.
Published: May 2016

The cyclic enones (I) and (V) are converted to the β‐phenylthio ketones (III) or (VI) which are then chlorinated and directly dehydrochlorinated to produce the β‐phenylthio α,β‐unsaturated cycloalkanones (IV) or (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed N,N′‐Disubstituted Urea Synthesis of Oxidative Carbonylation of Amines Under CO and O2 at Atmospheric Pressure.
Authors: GIANNOCCARO P.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the primary amines (I) with carbon monoxide (II) and oxygen in the presence of Cu and Pd catalysts yields the ureas (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Synthesis of endo‐6‐Aryl‐2‐oxobicyclo(3.3.1)nonanes.
Authors: CHAKRABORTI R. , RANU B. C. , GHATAK U. R.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (V) are prepared by two methods as shown in the reaction scheme: cyclization of the keto acetals (III), obtained from the cyclohexenyl methyl ketones (I), gives the bicyclic dienones (IV) which are hydrogenated, yielding (V).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Formyl‐3‐methoxyindole, 3‐Ethoxymethyl‐2‐formylindole, and 2‐Formyl‐ 3‐methylindole.
Authors: BENZIES D. W. M. , MARTINEZ FRESNEDA P. , JONES R. A.
Published: May 2016

Vilsmeier‐Haack formylation of 3‐methylindole (Ia) produces predominantly the 1‐formyl derivative (Ib) and only minor amounts of 2‐formyl3‐‐methylindole (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 2‐Oxothiazolidines of Biological Interest.
Authors: D'ISCHIA M. , PROTA G. , ROTTEVEEL R. C. , WESTERHOF W.
Published: May 2016

Ring closure reaction of the α‐aminothiol hydrochlorides (I) with 1,1'‐carbonyldiimidazole (II) yields the thiazolidinones (IIIa) ‐ (IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus Pentoxide in Organic Synthesis. Part 35. Synthesis of Thiazolo(5,4‐d)pyrimidin‐7‐amines (IV) and Purine‐6‐thiones (V) and (VI) from 5‐Acylamino‐4‐thiazolecarboxamides (I).
Authors: ANDERSEN K. E. , HAMMAD M. , HILMY K. M. H. , PEDERSEN E. B.
Published: May 2016

When (Ia) is treated as shown in the scheme, products (IV) and (V) are obtained in a ratio depending on X, reaction temp. and time; when the temp. is raised to 240 °C, only (Va) (yield 59%) and (Vb) (69%) are isolated from (Ia) and (IIa) or (IIb), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N′‐Substituted Piperazine‐2,5‐diones. Part 3. Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities of Some 1‐Aryl‐4‐aryl(hetaryl)methylenaminopiperazine‐2,5‐dione Derivatives.
Authors: PREVITERA T. , BASILE M. , MONFORTE P. , PIZZIMENTI F. C.
Published: May 2016

The N,N'‐disubstituted piperazinediones (VI) are prepared from the N‐arylglycine esters (I) as shown in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrido(1,2‐b)(2,4)benzodiazepin‐6(11H)‐imines.
Authors: KOVTUNENKO V. A. , FAL'KOVSKAYA O. T. , TYLTIN A. K. , TUROV A. V. , BABICHEV F. S.
Published: May 2016

Starting with the benzonitriles (I) and the aminopyridines (II), the title compounds (IVb) ‐ (IVd) are prepared via the salts (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Phosphine Oxides with the Arbuzov Reaction.
Authors: KATO T. , KOBAYASHI K. , MASUDA S. , SEGI M. , NAKAJIMA T. , SUGA S.
Published: May 2016

The cyclic phosphonites (I) react with the halides (II) to give the phosphinates (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Structure of 2,2‐Bis(1‐aziridinyl)‐4,6‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐ 1,3,5,2‐λ5‐triazaphosphorine.
Authors: CHERNEGA A. N. , BOLDESKUL I. E. , ANTIPIN M. YU. , STRUCHKOV YU. T. , KORNUTA P. P. , KOLOTILO M. V.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the λ5‐dichlorotriazaphosphorine (I) with aziridine (II) gives the title compound (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Diamidoethyleneamido‐N‐alkyl(aryl)imidophosphates with Chlorides of Trivalent Phosphorus Acids.
Authors: ZAL'TSMAN I. S. , FILONENKO L. P. , MARCHENKO A. P. , PINCHUK A. M.
Published: May 2016

Coupling of the phosphorimidic triamides (I) with the phosphorous chlorides (II) yields the tetrahydrodiazaphospholium chlorides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Reactions of Halides of Group VI Elements. Part 8. Reactions of Selenium and Tellurium Tetrahalides with Allyl Cinnamate.
Authors: LENDEL V. G. , SANI A. YU. , BALOG I. M. , MIGALINA YU. V. , KORNILOV M. YU. , TUROV A. V.
Published: May 2016

The ester (I) reacts with the selenium tetrahalides, formed in situ from selenium dioxide (II) and the corresponding hydrogen halides (III), exclusively at the C=C bond of the allyl group to give the Markovnikov products (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Divalent Titanium Chemistry. Synthesis, Reactivity, and X‐Ray and Neutron Diffraction Studies of Ti(BH4)2(dmpe)2 and Ti(CH3)2(dmpe)2.
Authors: JENSEN J. A. , WILSON S. R. , SCHULTZ A. J. , GIROLAMI G. S.
Published: May 2016

The unusual, paramagnetic, divalent tetrahydridoborate complex (III) is prepared as shown.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Hydrogen Complexes. Part 5. Electronic Control of η2‐H2 versus Dihydride Coordination. Dihydride Structure of MoH2(CO)(R2PC2H4PR2)2 for R: Et, iBu versus η2‐H2 for R: Ph.
Authors: KUBAS G. J. , RYAN R. R. , UNKEFER C. J.
Published: May 2016

Studies show that the fate of H2 addition to the unsaturated, air‐sensitive 16‐electron precursors (III), obtained according to the scheme, rests primarily on the basicity of the metal center as dictated by the electron‐donating ability of the ancillary phosphine ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Complexes with Sulfur Ligands. Part 31. Six‐ and Seven‐Coordinate CO, NO, PMe3 and Phosphineiminato Molybdenum Complexes with (Mo(S4)) Frameworks ((S4) = 2,3;8,9‐dibenzo‐1,4,7,10‐tetrathiadecane(2‐)).
Authors: SELLMANN D. , KELLER J. , MOLL M. , CAMPANA C. F. , HAASE M.
Published: May 2016

In order to explain the high reactivity of the Mo complex (III) towards tert. phosphines the structures of the seven‐coordinate trimethylphosphinedicarbonyl complex (I) and the six‐coordinate phosphine imidato complex (II) (for both space group P21/c, Z=4) are determined by X‐ray analysis and compared to structures of analogous complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Complexes of Tetravalent Plutonium, Uranium and Thorium with Acylpyrazolones.
Authors: NAGAR M. S. , RUIKAR P. B. , SUBRAMANIAN M. S.
Published: May 2016

Complexes of the title actinoids with the pyrazolones (I) are characterized as tetrakis‐chelates.
ChemInform Abstract: The Preparation, Characterization and Reactions of Chlorotetrakis(thiourea)nitridotechnetium(V) Chloride.
Authors: BALDAS J. , BONNYMAN J.
Published: May 2016

The title complex (IV), the first example of a metal nitrido complex containing the thiourea ligand (S‐bonded, IR‐spectra), is obtained by the reaction of an excess of thiourea (III) with the TcNCl4‐ ion, contained in an acetonitrile extract of the reaction of (I) with HCl and NaN3 (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Nature of the High‐Spin (6A1) ⇄ Low‐Spin (2T2) Transition in (Fe(3‐CH3OSPH)2)Y Complexes.
Authors: MOHAN M. , GUPTA N. S. , CHANDRA L. , JHA N. K. , PRASAD R. S.
Published: May 2016

Variable temp. magnetic susceptibility, EPR, Moessbauer and electronic data are analyzed for the title complexes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Solution Behavior and Relative Stability of the Complexes (MCl2(RN=CH‐CH=NR)) and (MCl2(py‐2‐CH=NR)) (M: Pd, Pt; R: C6H4OMe‐p).
Authors: CROCIANI B. , DI BIANCA F. , BERTANI R. , ZANOTTO L.
Published: May 2016

As shown by electronic and 1H NMR spectra the scarcely soluble complexes (I) and (II) exist as undissociated monomers in chlorinated solvents, such as CHCl3 and CH2Cl2.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phosphopeptides: A Simple Phosphorylation Procedure for Serine and Threonine.
Authors: DE BONT H. B. A. , VEENEMAN G. H. , VAN BOOM J. H. , LISKAMP R. M. J.
Published: May 2016

Protein phosphorylation is a regulatory element in the process of carcinogenesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Building Units of Oligosaccharides. Part 86. Glycosidation with Thioglycosides of Oligosaccharides to Segments of O‐Glycoproteins.
Authors: PAULSEN H. , RAUWALD W. , WEICHERT U.
Published: May 2016

In the presence of the triflate (V), thioglycosides such as (I), (VIa), or (VIIIa) which contain a 2‐azido‐2‐deoxy‐D‐galactose as reducing unit can react with the hydroxy group of serine derivatives such as (II) to give anomeric products such as (III)/(IV), (VIb)/(VIc), or (VIIIb)/(VIIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: The Total Synthesis of Avermectin A1a. New Protocols for the Synthesis of Novel 2‐Deoxypyranose Systems and Their Axial Glycosides.
Authors: DANISHEFSKY S. J. , SELNICK H. G. , ARMISTEAD D. M. , WINCOTT F. E.
Published: May 2016

The total synthesis of avermectin A1a (VI) is achieved on two ways: in the first route the L‐dihydropyrone (I) is converted to the disaccharide glycal (IV), which undergoes coupling with the avermectin aglycon (V) to give the title compound (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Model Reactions for Plumbagin Synthesis. Part 2. 5‐Amino‐1‐naphthol as Starting Compound.
Authors: MOEHRLE H. + , FOLTTMANN H.
Published: May 2016

The Mannich reactions of 5‐amino‐1‐naphthol (I) or 5‐acetamino‐1‐naphthol (VIII) with formaldehyde (II) and the secondary amines (III) or (IX) afford the Mannich bases (IV) or (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Formation, Structure, and Thermal Stability of the Amorphous Alloy Cu0.85Sn0.15 Obtained by High Pressure Treatment.
Authors: BRAZHKIN V. V. , POPOVA S. V.
Published: May 2016

The title alloy is obtained by rapid quenching at a pressure of 5 GPa.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Ln2In Compounds (Ln: Ce, Nd, Gd‐Er).
Authors: BAZELA W. , SZYTULA A.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds crystallize in the hexagonal Ni2In‐type structure; space group D4 6h‐P63/mmc.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Phosphorus. Part 185. On the Pentaphosphacyclopentadienyl Ion, P‐ 5.
Authors: BAUDLER M. , AKPAPOGLOU S. , OUZOUNIS D. , WASGESTIAN F. , MEINIGKE B. , BUDZIKIEWICZ H. , MUENSTER H. +
Published: May 2016

A NaP5/THF solution is prepared by reaction of white phosphorus with metallic sodium in THF in the presence of 18‐crown‐6 (reflux, stirring, 3.5 h, 12% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Extremely Weak Magnetic Exchange Interactions in terpy‐Containing Copper(II) Dimers. Crystal and Molecular Structure of Cu(terpy)(CA)·H2O and (Cu2(terpy)2(CA))(PF6)2 Complexes (terpy: 2,2′:6′,2′′‐Terpyridine, CA: Dianion of Chloranilic Acid).
Authors: FOLGADO J. V. , IBANEZ R. , CORONADO E. , BELTRAN D. , SAVARIAULT J.‐M. , GALY J.
Published: May 2016

By reacting copper salts with terpyridine and chloranilic or oxalic acids the complexes (I)‐(III) are prepared (no yields given).
ChemInform Abstract: Tricyclo(2.1.0.01,3)pentane.
Authors: WIBERG K. B. , MCCLUSKY J. V.
Published: May 2016

Dibromocarbene (II) reacts with 1,4‐dichloro‐2‐butene (III) to yield the dibromocyclopropane (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Aliphatic Liquid Crystals. Part 8. Bi‐ and Tercyclohexyl Derivatives by Claisen Rearrangement.
Authors: SUCROW W. , RAEDECKER G. +
Published: May 2016

The trans‐cyclohexenols (I) are converted to the enamines (VII) via Claisen rearrangement of the acrylic esters (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of 2‐t‐Alkylbuta‐1,3‐dienes and 2‐Alkylthiobuta‐1,3‐dienes from 1,4‐Dichlorobut‐2‐yne via Alkenylboranes.
Authors: HOSHI M. , MASUDA Y. , ARASE A.
Published: May 2016

Coupling of the boranes (II) with 1,4‐dichlorobut‐2‐yne (I) and subsequent treatment with methyllithium result in predominant or sole migration of the tert‐alkyl group, producing 2‐tert‐hexylbuta‐1,3‐diene (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: On the Relationship between Molecular Geometry and Photochemical Properties of 1,2‐Substituted 1,2‐Di‐9‐anthrylethylenes.
Authors: BECKER H.‐D. , ANDERSSON K.
Published: May 2016

The dianthrylethylenes (III), (IV), (VII) and (VIII) are prepared from the ketone (I) as shown in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to the Chiral Synthesis of the 1‐β‐Methylcarbapenem Key Precursor Using an Achiral Ketone Sn(II) Enolate.
Authors: SHIRAI F. , NAKAI T.
Published: May 2016

Coupling of the tin(II) enolate (III), derived from 2‐methyl‐2‐trimethylsiloxy‐3‐pentanone (I), with the chiral 4‐acetoxy‐2‐azetidinone (IV) yields a mixture of the ketones (Va) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched Homoallylic Alcohols and of 1,2‐Dien‐4‐ols Using Chiral Tin(IV) Complexes Containing Diethyl Tartrate as an Auxiliary Ligand.
Authors: BOLDRINI G. P. , LODI L. , TAGLIAVINI E. , TARASCO C. , TROMBINI C. , UMANI‐RONCHI A.
Published: May 2016

The homoallylic alcohols (VI) are prepared via the allylic tin(IV) complexes (IV) which are coupled with the aldehydes (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Indoles and Quinolines by Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis.
Authors: RANDLES K. R. , STORR R. C.
Published: May 2016

The acetamidines (I) or (IV) undergo flash vacuum pyrolysis to give the methylquinolines (II) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Phosphine Tellurides to the Preparation of Group II‐VI (2‐16) Semiconductor Materials.
Authors: STEIGERWALD M. L. , SPRINKLE C. R.
Published: May 2016

The phosphine telluride (I) reacts with Hg (II), HgEt2 (IV) or HgPh2 (V) under very mild conditions to afford the title semimetal (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, ESR Spectra, and Redox Properties of (N,N′‐Ethylenebis(thiosalicylideneaminato))oxovanadium(IV) and of Related (S,N) Chelates of Vanadium(IV).
Authors: DUTTON J. C. , FALLON G. D. , MURRAY K. S.
Published: May 2016

The complex (I) provides a convenient source of VO2+ to prepare the title complexes (IV) as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Medium‐Ring Acetylenic Lactones Utilizing Metal‐Promoted Alkyne Bending.
Authors: SCHORE N. E. , NAJDI S. D.
Published: May 2016

Alkylation of the cyclic ketones (I) with the siloxyalkynyl bromide (II) yields the ketones (III) which are complexed with dicobalt octacarbonyl (IV) after desilylation forming the propargyl derivatives (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure Determination, and Stereoisomerism of Dirhodium(I) Tetracarbonyl Tropocoronand Complexes.
Authors: VILLACORTA G. M. , LIPPARD S. J.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the Rh(I) dimer (Rh(CO)2Cl)2 with the dilithium salt of the tropocoronand‐5,5 in THF under a CO atmosphere at low temp. yields equimolar amounts of the syn‐ and anti‐dirhodium complexes (I) and (II) which can be separated from one another manually.
ChemInform Abstract: S,O‐ versus S,N‐Chelation in the Reactions of the cis‐Diamminediaquoplatinum(II) Cation with Methionine and S‐Methylcysteine.
Authors: APPLETON T. G. , CONNOR J. W. , HALL J. R.
Published: May 2016

The title reactions are followed by 1H, 13C, 15N, and 195Pt NMR.
ChemInform Abstract: Terpenoids. Part 80. Synthesis of 4‐Isopropyl‐1,6‐dimethyl‐5,8‐naphthoquinone (Cadalenequinone).
Authors: REDDY N. K. , RAO G. S. K.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (III) is synthesized by two routes.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocathodic Hydrogen Evolution Reactions at p‐Type CaFe2O4 Electrodes with Fermi Level Pinning.
Authors: MATSUMOTO Y. , SUGIYAMA K. , SATO E.
Published: May 2016

The effects of coatings (Au or a Pt‐Pd alloy, sputter‐deposited) and electrolyte pH on the photocurrent for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the p‐CaFe2O4 electrode are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: A Calcium Oxygen Secondary Battery.
Authors: PUJARE N. U. , SEMKOW K. W. , SAMMELLS A. F.
Published: May 2016

A high temp. reversible calcium oxygen cell has been developed that utilizes stabilized zirconia as solid electrolyte and a CaSi alloy immersed into a binary molten salt as the negative electroactive material (see scheme).
ChemInform Abstract: Solution Chemistry of the Tungsten(V) Aqua Dimer W2O2+ 4: Kinetics of Oxidation with (IrCl6)2‐ and Other Oxidants and Conditions for Tungsten Blue Formation.
Authors: SHARP C. , SYKES A. G.
Published: May 2016

The kinetics of the oxidation of W2O42+ (in excess) to W(VI) with (IrCl6)2‐ is studied spectrophotometrically in TosOH (I = 1.0 M TosLi).
ChemInform Abstract: Competitive α‐ and β‐Elimination in an Iridium Alkyl.
Authors: BURK M. J. , MCGRATH M. P. , CRABTREE R. H.
Published: May 2016

The mechanism of the C‐H bond activation on thermal alkane dehydrogenation by using IrH2(η2‐OOCCF3)(PAr3)2 (Ar: p‐C6H4F) as catalyst in the presence of an alkene as hydrogen acceptor is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Carboxylation of Alkenes.
Authors: MAYR H. , VON DER BRUEGGEN U. +
Published: May 2016

The Zn‐catalyzed reaction of the alkenes (I) with the benzodioxole (II) yields the disubstituted benzodioxoles (III), whereas in the presence of BCl3 the monoadducts (V) are formed; these are converted to the unsaturated esters (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Bromooctavalene and Two (Bromomethylene)homobenzvalenes Instead of an Expected Bromooctabisvalene (VIII).
Authors: CHRISTL M. , NUSSER R. , HERZOG C.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of (I) (literature synthesis optimized) with :CBr2 gives the trans adduct (IVa).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Diels‐Alder Reaction. A Facile Route to Chiral Alkyl Hydrogen Cyclohexene‐1,2‐dicarboxylate.
Authors: FURUTA K. , HAYASHI S. , MIWA Y. , YAMAMOTO H.
Published: May 2016

Diels‐Alder reaction of the chiral fumarates (I) with 2,3‐dimethylbutadiene (II) in the presence of diethylaluminum chloride yields the cyclohexenedicarboxylic acid monoester (III) after selective saponification.
ChemInform Abstract: Diallyl Dicarbonate. A Convenient Reagent for the Synthesis of Allyl Carbamates.
Authors: SENNYEY G. , BARCELO G. , SENET J.‐P.
Published: May 2016

Diallyl dicarbonate (III), prepared from allyl chloroformate (I) and sodium allyl carbonate (II), reacts with the amines (IV) to form the carbamates (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Approach to trans‐Substituted γ‐Lactones.
Authors: KUNZ T. , REISSIG H.‐U.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of (I) with (II) and a Lewis acid or with an organometallic reagent yields the lactones (III)/(IV) and (VI)/(VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Electrophilic Additions to exo‐ and endo‐2‐Hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐7‐oxabicyclo(2.2.1)hept‐5‐ene.
Authors: ARJONA O. , DE LA PRADILLA R. F. , PEREZ R. A. , PLUMET J. , VISO A.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of phenylsulfenyl and phenylselenenyl chloride (II) with the exo‐hydroxy‐7‐oxabicycloheptene (I) gives the adducts (III).
ChemInform Abstract: On the Metalation of Phenolic Compounds: Ready Access to Highly Substituted Phenols.
Authors: COSTA A. , SAA J. M.
Published: May 2016

The highly substituted phenols (I) are prepared by selective lithiation of 4‐hydroxybenzyl methyl ethers and subsequent treatment with electrophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Diels‐Alder Reactions of 3H‐Pyrroles Resulting from the Thermal Rearrangements of 2H‐Pyrroles.
Authors: EDDAIF A. , LAURENT A. , MISON P. , PELLISSIER N. , CARRUPT P.‐A. , VOGEL P.
Published: May 2016

The 3‐alkenyl‐2H‐pyrroles (VIII) are prepared via ring expansion of the aziridines (VI) as shown in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photochemistry of Heterocyclic Norbornenyl Ketones.
Authors: SAUERS R. R. , HAGEDORN A. A. III , VAN ARNUM S. D. , GOMEZ R. P. , MOQUIN R. V.
Published: May 2016

The heterocyclic endo‐norbornenyl ketones (III) are prepared by three different methods as outlined in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxygenated Deoxybenzoins and Isoflavones.
Authors: RANI B. S. U. , DARBARWAR M.
Published: May 2016

The 3‐aryl‐4‐hydroxycoumarins (I) are hydrolyzed and decarboxylated in refluxing alcoholic potassium hydroxide to give the deoxybenzoins (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Pyridyl Grignard Reagents and Cross Coupling Reactions with Sulfoxides Bearing Azaheterocycles.
Authors: FURUKAWA N. , SHIBUTANI T. , FUJIHARA H.
Published: May 2016

The pyridyl Grignard compounds, generated from the iodides (I) and ethylmagnesium bromide (II), react with the carbonyl compounds (III) and (VIII) to produce the carbinols (IV) or (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen and Nitrogen Heterocycles by Intramolecular Magnesium‐ and Zinc‐Ene Reactions. Methylenecyclopentanes by Pd(0)‐Catalyzed Isomerization of 5‐(Bromozincmethyl)‐3‐methyleneoxacycloalkanes.
Authors: VAN DER LOUW J. , VAN DER BAAN J. L. , STIELTJES H. , BICKELHAUPT F. , KLUMPP G. W.
Published: May 2016

The allyloxymethyl‐2‐propenylmagnesium chlorides (I) are pyrolyzed and then treated with chlorotrimethylstannane (II) to produce the cyclopropanes (III), together with the derivatives (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectroscopic and Structural Characterization of the Novel Lithium Borylamide Salts trans‐(Li(Et2O)NHBMes2)2, a Dimer, and the Ion Pair (Li(Et2O)3) (Mes2BNBMes2) with a Linear Allene‐Like, (R2B=N=BR2)‐, Moiety.
Authors: BARTLETT R. A. , CHEN H. , DIAS H. V. R. , OLMSTEAD M. M. , POWER P. P.
Published: May 2016

The prim. aminoborane (I) reacts with BuLi (II) to give the title dimer (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Promoted Reactions of Boron Hydrides. Part 9. Cp*Ir‐Catalyzed Reactions of Polyhedral Boranes and Acetylenes.
Authors: MIRABELLI M. G. L. , SNEDDON L. G.
Published: May 2016

The complex ((C5Me5)IrCl2)2 in the presence of a proton sponge is found to catalyze reactions of pentaborane(9) (I) with terminal and internal acetylenes (II), resulting in the formation of the alkenylpentaboranes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Methylidenephosphine.
Authors: PELLERIN B. , GUENOT P. , DENIS J.‐M.
Published: May 2016

Methylidenephosphine (III) is prepared by thermolysis of chloromethylphosphine (II), obtained from (I) or (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Amphidinolide C: The First 25‐Membered Macrocyclic Lactone with Potent Antineoplastic Activity from the Cultured Dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp.
Authors: KOBAYASHI J. , ISHIBASHI M. , WAELCHLI M. R. + , NAKAMURA H. , HIRATA Y. , SASAKI T. , OHIZUMI Y.
Published: May 2016

The structure of the title compound (I) is mainly elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Bicyclic Core of the Esperamicin/Calichemicin Class of Antitumor Agents.
Authors: SCHREIBER S. L. , KIESSLING L. L.
Published: May 2016

The key step in the preparation of the title bicyclic core (VIIIa) is the cycloaddition reaction of the intermediate (VIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Small Amount of Water on Physical and Electrical Properties of TiO2 Films Deposited by CVD Method.
Authors: FUYUKI T. , KOBAYASHI T. , MATSUNAMI H.
Published: May 2016

It is shown that physical properties of TiO2 such as refractive index, etching rate, and dielectric constant are dependent on the amount of water added in the CVD process, revealing that precise control of the amount of water added to the sources is very important to obtain reproducible products.
Reputation‐based credibility analysis of Twitter social network users
Authors: Alrubaian Majed , Al‐Qurishi Muhammad , Al‐Rakhami Mabrook , Hassan Mohammad Mehedi , Alamri Atif
Published: May 2016

This paper addresses the problem of finding credible sources among Twitter social network users to detect and prevent various malicious activities, such as spreading false information on a potentially inflammatory topic, forging accounts for false identities, etc. Existing research works related to source credibility are graph‐based, considering the relationships among users to predict the spread information; human‐based, using human perspectives to determine reliable sources; or machine learning‐based, relying on training classifiers to predict users' credibility. Very few of these approaches consider a user's sentimentality when analyzing his/her credibility as a source. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that combines analysis of the user's reputation on a given topic within the social network, as well as a measure of the user's sentiment to identify topically relevant and credible sources of information. In particular, we propose a new reputation metric that introduces several new features into the existing models. We evaluated the performance of the proposed metric in comparison with two machine learning techniques, determining that the accuracy of the proposed approach satisfies the stated purpose of identifying credible Twitter users. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance optimization of Sparse Matrix‐Vector Multiplication for multi‐component PDE‐based applications using GPUs
Authors: Abdelfattah Ahmad , Ltaief Hatem , Keyes David , Dongarra Jack
Published: May 2016

Simulations of many multi‐component PDE‐based applications, such as petroleum reservoirs or reacting flows, are dominated by the solution, on each time step and within each Newton step, of large sparse linear systems. The standard solver is a preconditioned Krylov method. Along with application of the preconditioner, memory‐bound Sparse Matrix‐Vector Multiplication (SpMV) is the most time‐consuming operation in such solvers. Multi‐species models produce Jacobians with a dense block structure, where the block size can be as large as a few dozen. Failing to exploit this dense block structure vastly underutilizes hardware capable of delivering high performance on dense BLAS operations. This paper presents a GPU‐accelerated SpMV kernel for block‐sparse matrices. Dense matrix‐vector multiplications within the sparse‐block structure leverage optimization techniques from the KBLAS library, a high performance library for dense BLAS kernels. The design ideas of KBLAS can be applied to block‐sparse matrices. Furthermore, a technique is proposed to balance the workload among thread blocks when there are large variations in the lengths of nonzero rows. Multi‐GPU performance is highlighted. The proposed SpMV kernel outperforms existing state‐of‐the‐art implementations using matrices with real structures from different applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Burren: a glacial, karstic and biokarstic expression of a limestone plateau in western Ireland
Authors: de la Rosa John P. McIlroy
Published: May 2016

The term glaciokarst describes a landscape where both glacial and karstic processes have contributed to geomorphological evolution and has been applied to a range of environments from the high arctic to the alpine Mediterranean. Nevertheless, glaciokarstic environments globally often exhibit significant variation in geomorphological processes and landforms due to these geographical differences. The Burren, County Clare, Republic of Ireland, is often quoted as a quintessential glaciokarstic landscape. However, the Burren and other similar environments would appear to lean towards one end of the glaciokarst spectrum, where solutional and biological processes have been dominant throughout the Holocene, in contrast to ice‐dominated glaciokarsts where karstic and biokarstic processes are temperature‐limited and cryospheric processes remain the principal geomorphological agents.

Holocene landscape evolution and the development of a range of meso‐, micro‐ and nano‐scale karren features on limestone surfaces appears to be largely biokarstic in origin. Karstification of many glacially scoured limestone pavements would have begun under acidic soil cover, with biological soil processes contributing to smooth, rounded cryptokarstic surface forms. Holocene soil erosion is attributed to anthropogenic activity, climatic fluctuations and the evolution of the karstic groundwater system leading to vertical soil loss through widening grikes. Exposed limestone pavements subject to subaerial conditions often exhibit extensive lichen colonization which has been shown to influence the overall rate of karstification and contribute to the development of micro‐ and meso‐scale bioweathering features. Where cryptokarstic features have been exhumed from beneath soil cover, their evolution under subaerial conditions leads to intermediate, polygenetic karren features.

In light of our current understanding of the Burren landscape, it is proposed that the term glaciobiokarstic may be a better expression to encompass the biological processes that have played a fundamental role in the evolution of the Burren and similar landscapes, without neglecting the contribution of glacial and inorganic karstic processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Euglena gracilis paramylon activates human lymphocytes by upregulating pro‐inflammatory factors
Authors: Russo Rossella , Barsanti Laura , Evangelista Valter , Frassanito Anna M. , Longo Vincenzo , Pucci Laura , Penno Giuseppe , Gualtieri Paolo
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study was to verify the activation details and products of human lymphomonocytes, stimulated by different β‐glucans, that is Euglena paramylon, MacroGard®, and lipopolysaccharide. We investigated the gene expression of inflammation‐related cytokines and mediators, transactivation of relevant transcription factors, and phagocytosis role in cell‐glucan interactions, by means of RT‐PCR, immunocytochemistry, and colorimetric assay. Our results show that sonicated and alkalized paramylon upregulates pro‐inflammatory factors (NO, TNF‐α, IL‐6, and COX‐2) in lymphomonocytes. A clear demonstration of this upregulation is the increased transactivation of NF‐kB visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. Phagocytosis assay showed that internalization is not a mandatory step for signaling cascade to be triggered, since immune activity is not present in the lymphomonocytes that have internalized paramylon granules and particulate MacroGard®. Moreover, the response of Euglena β‐glucan‐activated lymphomonocytes is much greater than that induced by commercially used β‐glucans such as MacroGard®. Our in vitro results indicate that linear fibrous Euglena β‐glucan, obtained by sonication and alkaline treatment can act as safe and effective coadjutant of the innate immune system response.
Three New Pregnane Alkaloids from Pachysandra terminalis
Authors: Sun Yun , Chen Jin‐Xiong , Chen Jian‐Chao , Li Zhong‐Rong , Zhou Lin , Li Yan , Qiu Ming‐Hua
Published: May 2016

Three new pregnane alkaloids, pachystermine C (1), pachysanamine A (2), and pachysanamine B (3), together with four known ones, pachystermine B (4), pachysamine A (5), (20S)‐20‐(dimethylamino)‐16α‐hydroxy‐3β‐(3′α‐isopropyl)lactam‐5α‐pregnan‐4‐one (6), and E‐salignone (7), were isolated from Pachysandra terminalis. The chemical structures of the new alkaloids were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. All the compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against HL‐60, SMMC‐7721, A‐549, MCF‐7, and SW480 cell lines, some of the compounds showed stronger cytotoxicity for the test cell lines, especially compounds 2, 3, and 7.
Combined use of isotopic and hydrometric data to conceptualize ecohydrological processes in a high‐elevation tropical ecosystem
Authors: Mosquera Giovanny M. , Célleri Rolando , Lazo Patricio X. , Vaché Kellie B. , Perakis Steven S. , Crespo Patricio
Published: May 2016

Few high‐elevation tropical catchments worldwide are gauged, and even fewer are studied using combined hydrometric and isotopic data. Consequently, we lack information needed to understand processes governing rainfall–runoff dynamics and to predict their influence on downstream ecosystem functioning. To address this need, we present a combination of hydrometric and water stable isotopic observations in the wet Andean páramo ecosystem of the Zhurucay Ecohydrological Observatory (7.53 km2). The catchment is located in the Andes of south Ecuador between 3400 and 3900 m a.s.l. Water samples for stable isotopic analysis were collected during 2 years (May 2011–May 2013), while rainfall and runoff measurements were continuously recorded since late 2010. The isotopic data reveal that andosol soils predominantly situated on hillslopes drain laterally to histosols (Andean páramo wetlands) mainly located at the valley bottom. Histosols, in turn, feed water to creeks and small rivers throughout the year, establishing hydrologic connectivity between wetlands and the drainage network. Runoff is primarily composed of pre‐event water stored in the histosols, which is replenished by rainfall that infiltrates through the andosols. Contributions from the mineral horizon and the top of the fractured bedrock are small and only seem to influence discharge in small catchments during low flow generation (non‐exceedance flows < Q35). Variations in source contributions are controlled by antecedent soil moisture, rainfall intensity, and duration of rainy periods. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soils, higher than the year‐round low precipitation intensity, indicates that Hortonian overland flow rarely occurs during high‐intensity precipitation events. Deep groundwater contributions to discharge seem to be minimal. These results suggest that, in this high‐elevation tropical ecosystem, (1) subsurface flow is a dominant hydrological process and (2) (histosols) wetlands are the major source of stream runoff. Our study highlights that detailed isotopic characterization during short time periods provides valuable information about ecohydrological processes in regions where very few basins are gauged. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caerulein‐induced pancreatitis augments the expression and phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein 4
Authors: Sato Sho , Nakamura Fumio , Hiroshima Yukihiko , Nagashima Yoji , Kato Ikuma , Yamashita Naoya , Goshima Yoshio , Endo Itaru
Published: May 2016

Background

Chronic pancreatitis is a significant risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Previously, we demonstrated that the pancreatic cancer cells show enhanced expression of collapsin response mediator protein 4 (CRMP4) that strongly correlates with severe venous invasion, liver metastasis, and poor prognosis. However, involvement of CRMP4 in acute or chronic pancreatitis remains unknown.

Methods

Acute and chronic pancreatitis mice models were developed by periodic injection of caerulein. The expression levels of CRMP4 and its phosphorylation were examined.

Results

Elevated CRMP4 levels were observed in the infiltrated lymphocytes as well as in the pancreas parenchyma of both acute and chronic pancreatitis. The expression pattern of phosphorylated CRMP4 was similar to that of CRMP4. Cdk5 partially co‐localized with the phosphorylated CRMP4.

Conclusions

Pancreatitis induces CRMP4 expression in the pancreas parenchyma and in the infiltrated lymphocytes. Overlapping expression of CRMP4 and Cdk5 may suggest that the Cdk5 is at least, in part, responsible for the phosphorylation of CRMP4. The results suggest that CRMP4 is involved in the inflammatory response in pancreatitis. Understanding the mechanisms of CRMP4 would help us to develop novel therapeutic strategies against acute or chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer.
Evaluation of infraspinatus reinnervation and function following spinal accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve transfer in adult traumatic brachial plexus injuries
Authors: Baltzer Heather L. , Wagner Eric R. , Kircher Michelle F. , Spinner Robert J. , Bishop Allen T. , Shin Alexander Y.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

Our objective was to determine the prevalence and quality of restored external rotation (ER) in adult brachial plexus injury (BPI) patients who underwent spinal accessory nerve (SAN) to suprascapular nerve (SSN) transfer, and to identify patient and injury factors that may influence results.

Methods

Fifty‐one adult traumatic BPI patients who underwent SAN to SSN transfer between 2000 and 2013, all treated less than 1 year after injury with >1 year follow‐up. The primary outcome measured was shoulder ER. The outcomes we utilized included “clinically useful ER” (motion ≥ −35° with ≥MRC 2 strength), modified British Medical Research Council (MRC) grading, and electromyographic (EMG) reinnervation.

Results

EMG evidence of re‐innervation was found in 85% of patients. Surgery resulted in improved ER in 41% (21/51) of shoulders at an average of 28 months follow‐up. Of these, only 31% (17/51) had clinically useful ER. The average ER active range of motion was 12° from full internal rotation (Range: −60° to 90°) and MRC grade 2.2 (2–4). The only predictor of ER improvement was an isolated upper trunk (C5‐C6) injury. Improved ER was clinically evident in 76%, 37% and 26% of upper trunk (UT), C5‐C6‐C7 and panplexus injuries, respectively (P < 0.03).

Conclusions

Although 85% had EMG signs of recovery, the SAN to SSN transfer failed to provide useful recovery of ER through reinnervation of the infraspinatus muscle in injuries involving more levels than a C5‐C6 root/upper trunk pattern. In patients with greater than C5‐6 level injuries alternatives to SAN to SSN transfer should be considered to restore shoulder ER. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:365–370, 2017.
Free prepuce perforator flap: Ultra‐thin superficial penile artery perforator flap for a dorsal finger defect
Authors: Yamamoto Takumi , Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Kikuchi Kazuki
Published: May 2016

Dorsal skin defect of the hand/digit requires thin and pliable skin for coverage. The prepuce skin, the second thinnest skin, can be a reconstructive option, but there is no previous report of a free prepuce flap for the reconstruction of the hand/digit. We report the first successful case of a free prepuce flap based on the superficial penile artery perforator (SPAP) for the treatment of dorsal soft tissue defect of the hand/digit. A 68‐year‐old male presented with a 5 x 3 cm dorsal soft tissue defect of the left index finger with the extensor tendon exposure. A prepuce perforator flap was raised based on the SPAP. The flap was transferred to the recipient site, and the SPAP was supermicrosurgically anastomosed to the dorsal branch of the digital artery. The patient complained no postoperative discomfort of the donor penis, and was satisfied with functionally pleasing and esthetically acceptable results of the reconstructed finger and the donor site. Although only applicable for male patients without past history of penile trauma such as circumcision, a prepuce perforator flap may be an option for thin and pliable skin reconstruction with minimal donor site morbidity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:252–255, 2017.
Coronary Heart Disease, Diabetes, and Sexuality in Men
Authors: Hackett Geoff , Krychman Michael , Baldwin David , Bennett Nelson , El-Zawahry Ahmed , Graziottin Alessandra , Lukasiewicz Monika , McVary Kevin , Sato Yoshikazu , Incrocci Luca
Published: May 2016

Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been well recognized as a marker of increased cardiovascular risk for more than 15 years, especially in younger men. Early detection of ED represents an opportunity to intervene to decrease the risk of future cardiovascular events and limit the progression of ED severity. Evidence suggests there is a window of opportunity of 3 to 5 years from the onset of ED to subsequent cardiovascular events. This opportunity is usually missed if the onus is placed on the patient to seek care for his sexual problems. Unfortunately, these clear messages have not been incorporated into routine cardiovascular care. The reasons for these disparities within specialties are discussed in this article, in addition to management algorithms. Lifestyle modification is usually recommended as the first-line treatment to correct ED and lessen cardiovascular risk, but evidence suggests that this might be effective only in men without established cardiovascular comorbidities. In men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease, lifestyle modification alone is unlikely to be effective. Cardiovascular medications are often associated with sexual dysfunction but changes in medication are more likely to be beneficial in men with milder recent-onset ED. A balanced view must be taken related to medication adverse events, taking into account optimal management of established cardiovascular disease. Testosterone deficiency has been associated with different metabolic disorders, especially metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Testosterone deficiency syndrome has been associated with an independent burden on sexual function globally and increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Testosterone replacement therapy has been shown to improve multiple aspects of sexual function and, in some studies, has been associated with a decrease in mortality, especially in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have suggested that phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, the first-line medications to treat ED, could decrease cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, through multiple mechanisms, predominantly related to improved endothelial function.
Assessment of Sexual Function in Infertile Women in a Gynecological Care Setting
Authors: Lara Lúcia Alves da Silva , Coelho Neto Marcela de Alencar , Martins Wellington de Paula , Ferriani Rui Alberto , Navarro Paula Andrea
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Infertility has a high prevalence worldwide. There is also a high prevalence of sexual problems, mainly in gynecological care settings, but many women are unlikely to discuss sexual problems with their physicians.

Aims

To verify how second-year gynecology residents (SGRs) assess the sexual function of infertile women who are undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ART) at a single infertility tertiary care center in Brazil.

Main Outcome Measures

Medical records of patients.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study evaluated all medical records of women who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) between January 2011 and December 2012 at a fertility clinic of the Hospital das Clinicas of Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo.

Results

A total of 616 women underwent ART during the study period. The mean patient age was 34.5 ± 4.4 years, mean weight was 65.6 ± 12.4 kg, mean height was 163 ± 0.6 cm, and mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.8 ± 4.3 kg/m2. We classified the methods that medical residents used to assess the sexual frequency of these women as a numerical method, by categorization, or none (no assessment). A total of 26.7% (n = 166) of the SGRs did not assess female sexual function and 26.2% (n = 163) made assessments using categorization. SGRs who used a numerical method rather than categorization to classify the sexual frequency of their female patients were more likely to record answers to other questions on sexual desire, arousal, and orgasm.

Conclusion

SGRs typically do not assess female sexual function in infertile couples. There was considerable heterogeneity among SGRs in their assessment of coital frequency and female sexual function.