bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of EGCG‐loaded Spirulina platensis microcarrier with sustained release properties and their application in extending the shelf‐life of minced lamb meat
Authors: Han Mengfan , Chen Jinghua , Zhao Zhengshan , Xiang Xiaomei , Liu Xuebo , Feng Xianchao , Chen Lin
Published: March 2024

In the present study, epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG)‐loaded Spirulina platensis (SP) microcarriers (SP@EGCG) were constructed and used to extend the shelf‐life of minced lamb meat as an antioxidant with good sustained release properties. Results showed that the encapsulation efficiency and encapsulation yield of SP@EGCG microcarriers were 91.19 ± 1.18% and 133.19 ± 1.34 μg mg−1, respectively. Results of fluorescence microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry confirmed that the EGCG was successfully loaded in SP through hydrogen bonding interactions, and existing in an amorphous state. SP@EGCG displayed excellent antioxidant activity and stability. The SP@EGCG presented cumulative release in four food models (water, 3% acetic acid, 10% ethanol and 50% ethanol), and the cumulative release of SP@EGCG in 50% ethanol was the highest. These results indicated that SP can be used as a novel carrier of EGCG, and the prepared SP@EGCG microcarriers had potential applications in extending the shelf‐life of lamb meat.
Lipidomics‐based study of lipid quality of fish by‐products: a case study of sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus)
Authors: Ying Xiaoguo , Li Xinyang , Ma Lukai , Wang Feng , Xiao Gengsheng , Benjakul Soottawat , Liu Dongjie
Published: March 2024

By‐products of sea bass are a good source of lipids, among which viscera was the best lipid source containing 66% total lipids. Acid value, peroxide value (POV), p‐anisidine value (p‐AV), and conjugated diene value (CDV) were used to monitor oxidation. Visceral oil has a relatively higher level of POV, AV and CDV than head and belly. Radical production detected by ESR spectroscopy was also high in viscera. Fatty acid analysis showed that visceral oil of sea bass has a very high ratio of monounsaturated fatty acid, which includes oleic acid (C18:1n9), and palmitoleic acid (C16:1n9) accounting for 28.45% and 3.25% of total visceral oil and are rich in omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids accounting for 34.78% of total lipids. Volatile compounds in visceral oil were low with flora and spicy oil wax aroma. Low amounts of aldehydes, ketones and alcohols indicated a low level of oxidation in the early stage of storage. ESR results indicated higher free radical level in visceral oil, which might result in the Inside‐Out quality deterioration.
Influences of lactic acid bacterial fermentation on the physicochemical properties and biological activities of olive phenols
Authors: Lin Jia‐Xin , Xiong Tao , Peng Fei
Published: March 2024

Olives are a popular fruit in China, often consumed as olive juice beverages due to their richness in phenolic compounds. Fermentation by lactic acid bacteria has been shown to enhance the nutritional and health benefits of fruits and vegetables. However, the effect of fermentation on olive phenolics during in vitro‐simulated digestion has not yet been reported. This study aimed to explore changes in total polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity, xanthine oxidase inhibition, and effects on simulated digestion of olive phenolics before and after fermentation of olive fruits. Fermentation increased the total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and XO inhibition activity of olive phenolics and these differences were maintained after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. This means that fermented olives should have greater biological activity in general as well as greater human health benefits. Phenolic extracts of fermented olives contained six phenolics with a higher content than unfermented olives after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. These findings help to improve understanding of the benefits of fermentation for producing health‐beneficial functional foods from fruits and vegetables that are rich in phenolic compounds.
Pulmonary embolism response teams. A description of the first 36‐month Australian experience
Authors: Roy Bapti , Cho Jin‐Gun , Baker Luke , Thomas Liza , Curnow Jennifer , Harvey John J. , Geenty Paul , Banerjee Ashoke , Lai Kevin , Vicaretti Mauro , Erksine Odette , Li Jane , Alasady Rafid , Wong Vanessa , Tai Jian E. , Thirunavukarasu Caitlin , Haque Imran , Chien Jimmy ,   the Westmead Hospital Pulmonary Embolism Response Team
Published: March 2024

Background

High/intermediate‐risk pulmonary embolism (PE) confers increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. International guidelines recommend the formation of a PE response team (PERT) for PE management because of the complexity of risk stratification and emerging treatment options. However, there are currently no available Australian data regarding outcomes of PE managed through a PERT.

Aims

To analyse the clinical and outcome data of patients from an Australian centre with high/intermediate‐risk PE requiring PERT‐guided management.

Methods

We performed a retrospective observational study of 75 consecutive patients with high/intermediate‐risk PE who had PERT involvement, between August 2018 and July 2021. We recorded clinical and interventional data at the time of PERT and assessed patient outcomes up to 30 days from PERT initiation. We used unpaired t tests to compare right to left ventricular (RV/LV) ratios by computed tomography criteria or transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) at baseline and after interventions.

Results

Data were available for 74 patients. Initial computed tomography pulmonary angiography RV/LV ratio was increased at 1.65 ± 0.5 and decreased to 1.30 ± 0.29 following PERT‐guided interventions (P < 0.001). TTE RV/LV ratio also decreased following PERT‐guided management (1.09 ± 0.19 vs 0.93 ± 0.17; P < 0.001). 20% of patients had any bleeding complication, but two‐thirds were mild, not requiring intervention. All‐cause mortality was 6.8%, and all occurred within the first 7 days of admission.

Conclusion

The PERT model is feasible in a large Australian centre in managing complex and time‐critical PE. Our data demonstrate outcomes comparable with existing published international PERT data. However, successful implementation at other Australian institutions may require adequate centre‐specific resource availability and the presence of multispeciality input.
The clinical value of intelligent wound measurement devices in patients with chronic wounds: A scoping review
Authors: Wu Yujie , Wu Liping , Yu Mingfeng
Published: March 2024

Chronic wounds are common in clinical practice, with long treatment cycle and high treatment cost. Changes in wound area can well predict the effectiveness of treatment and the possibility of healing. Therefore, continuous wound monitoring and evaluation are particularly important. Traditional manual wound measurement tends to overestimate wound area. Recently, various intelligent wound measurement devices have been introduced into clinical practice. This review aims to summarise the reliability, validity, types and measurement principles of different intelligent wound measurement devices, so as to analyse the clinical value and application prospect. Articles numbering 2610 were retrieved from the database, and 14 articles met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that the intelligent wound measurement devices included in the study reported good reliability and validity. Contact devices can lead to wound bed damage, wound deformation, patient pain, and is not convenient for electronic wound recording; partial contact devices can complete continuous monitoring and recording of wounds, but are not sensitive to wound depth measurement. Non‐contact devices are more accurate in capturing wound images. In addition to wound measurement, they also have the function of wound assessment. In general, handheld and portable non‐contact devices have great clinical value and promotion prospects.
Targeted inhibition of colorectal cancer proliferation: The dual‐modulatory role of 2,4‐DTBP on anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 and Survivin proteins
Authors: Saha Partha , Hegde Mangala , Chakraborty Kanak , Singha Achinta , Mukerjee Nobendu , Ghosh Deepshikha , Kunnumakkara Ajaikumar B. , Khan Mohd Shahnawaz , Ahmad Md Irshad , Ghosh Arabinda , Kumer Ajoy , Sil Samir Kumar
Published: March 2024

The anti‐apoptotic proteins, Bcl‐2 and Survivin, are consistently overexpressed in numerous human malignancies, notably in colorectal cancer. 2,4‐Di‐tert‐butylphenol (2,4‐DTBP) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound known for its diverse biological activities, including anti‐cancer properties. The mechanism behind 2,4‐DTBP‐induced inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells, specifically regarding Bcl‐2 and Survivin, remains to be elucidated. In this study, we employed both in silico and in vitro methodologies to underpin this interaction at the molecular level. Molecular docking demonstrated a substantial binding affinity of 2,4‐DTBP towards Bcl‐2 (ΔG = −9.8 kcal/mol) and Survivin (ΔG = −5.6 kcal/mol), suggesting a potential inhibitory effect. Further, molecular dynamic simulations complemented by MM‐GBSA calculations confirmed the significant binding of 2,4‐DTBP with Bcl‐2 (dGbind = −54.85 ± 6.79 kcal/mol) and Survivin (dGbind = −32.36 ± 1.29 kcal/mol). In vitro assays using HCT116 colorectal cancer cells revealed that 2,4‐DTBP inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in both a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Fluorescence imaging and scanning electron microscopy illustrated the classical features associated with apoptosis upon 2,4‐DTBP exposure. Cell cycle analysis through flow cytometry highlighted a G1 phase arrest and apoptosis assay demonstrated increased apoptotic cell population. Notably, western blotting results indicated a decreased expression of Bcl‐2 and Survivin post‐treatment. Considering the cytoprotective roles of Bcl‐2 and Survivin through the inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction, our findings of disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics, characterized by reduced ATP production and oxygen consumption, further accentuate the functional impairment of these proteins. Overall, the integration of in silico and in vitro data suggests that 2,4‐DTBP holds promise as a therapeutic agent targeting Bcl‐2 and Survivin in colorectal cancer.
Research progress on the roles of dopamine and dopamine receptors in digestive system diseases
Authors: Lu Xianmin , Liu Qi , Deng Ya , Wu Jiangbo , Mu Xingyi , Yang Xiaoxu , Zhang Ting , Luo Chen , Li Zhuo , Tang Siqi , Hu Yanxia , Du Qian , Xu Jingyu , Xie Rui
Published: March 2024

Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter synthesized in the human body that acts on multiple organs throughout the body, reaching them through the blood circulation. Neurotransmitters are special molecules that act as messengers by binding to receptors at chemical synapses between neurons. As ligands, they mainly bind to corresponding receptors on central or peripheral tissue cells. Signalling through chemical synapses is involved in regulating the activities of various body systems. Lack of DA or a decrease in DA levels in the brain can lead to serious diseases such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, addiction and attention deficit disorder. It is widely recognized that DA is closely related to neurological diseases. As research on the roles of brain‐gut peptides in human physiology and pathology has deepened in recent years, the regulatory role of neurotransmitters in digestive system diseases has gradually attracted researchers' attention, and research on DA has expanded to the field of digestive system diseases. This review mainly elaborates on the research progress on the roles of DA and DRs related to digestive system diseases. Starting from the biochemical and pharmacological properties of DA and DRs, it discusses the therapeutic value of DA‐ and DR‐related drugs for digestive system diseases.
Exploring the current landscape of single‐cell RNA sequencing applications in gastric cancer research
Authors: Awuah Wireko Andrew , Roy Sakshi , Tan Joecelyn Kirani , Adebusoye Favour Tope , Qiang Zekai , Ferreira Tomas , Ahluwalia Arjun , Shet Vallabh , Yee Amanda Leong Weng , Abdul‐Rahman Toufik , Papadakis Marios
Published: March 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) represents a major global health burden and is responsible for a significant number of cancer‐related fatalities. Its complex nature, characterized by heterogeneity and aggressive behaviour, poses considerable challenges for effective diagnosis and treatment. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) has emerged as an important technique, offering unprecedented precision and depth in gene expression profiling at the cellular level. By facilitating the identification of distinct cell populations, rare cells and dynamic transcriptional changes within GC, scRNA‐seq has yielded valuable insights into tumour progression and potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, this technology has significantly improved our comprehension of the tumour microenvironment (TME) and its intricate interplay with immune cells, thereby opening avenues for targeted therapeutic strategies. Nonetheless, certain obstacles, including tumour heterogeneity and technical limitations, persist in the field. Current endeavours are dedicated to refining protocols and computational tools to surmount these challenges. In this narrative review, we explore the significance of scRNA‐seq in GC, emphasizing its advantages, challenges and potential applications in unravelling tumour heterogeneity and identifying promising therapeutic targets. Additionally, we discuss recent developments, ongoing efforts to overcome these challenges, and future prospects. Although further enhancements are required, scRNA‐seq has already provided valuable insights into GC and holds promise for advancing biomedical research and clinical practice.
The relationship of ALPK1, hyaluronic acid and M1 macrophage polarization in the temporomandibular joint synovitis
Authors: Zhao Jie , Feng Yaping , Liu Xin , Li Huimin , Guo Huilin , Ke Jin , Long Xing
Published: March 2024

M1 macrophage polarization and synovitis play an important role in the pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). Reduced molecular weight of hyaluronic acid (HA) in synovial fluid of patients with TMJOA. In addition, high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW‐HA) is often used clinically to treat TMJ inflammation. As a pattern recognition receptor of the cytoplasm, ALPK1 was found to be pro‐inflammatory in a variety of diseases. However, the relationship of ALPK1, HA and M1 macrophage polarization in TMJ synovitis remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of ALPK1 and HA in macrophage polarization and TMJ synovitis and the underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that ALPK1 was highly upregulated in the synovial macrophages in the inflamed TMJ synovium of patients. Low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW‐HA) promoted the expression of ALPK1 and M1 macrophage‐associated genes. Besides, rhALPK1 promoted the expression of M1 macrophage‐associated factors and the nuclear translocation of PKM2. Furthermore, ALPK1 knockout mice exhibited limited infiltration of macrophages and decreased expression levels of M1 macrophage‐associated genes in CFA‐induced TMJ synovitis. While HMW‐HA inhibited the expression of ALPK1 and M1 macrophage polarization. Our results elucidated that ALPK1 promoted TMJ synovitis by promoting nuclear PKM2‐mediated M1 macrophage polarization, whereas HMW‐HA inhibited the expression of ALPK1 as well as M1 macrophage polarization.
RETRACTED: Differential genetic mutations and immune cell infiltration in high‐ and low‐risk STAD: Implications for prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy
Authors: Deng Yin‐yong , Sun Yan , Wu Si‐jia , Zhang Tian‐ying , Yang Jie , Liu Kai
Published: March 2024

This study investigates genetic mutations and immune cell dynamics in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), focusing on identifying prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Analysis of TCGA‐STAD samples revealed C > A as the most common single nucleotide variant (SNV) in both high and low‐risk groups. Key mutated driver genes included TTN, TP53 and MUC16, with frame‐shift mutations more prevalent in the low‐risk group and missense mutations in the high‐risk group. Interaction analysis of hub genes such as C1QA and CD68 showed significant correlations, impacting immune cell infiltration patterns. Using ssGSEA, we found higher immune cell infiltration (B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, DC cells, NK cells) in the high‐risk group, correlated with increased risk scores. xCell algorithm results indicated distinct immune infiltration levels between the groups. The study's risk scoring model proved effective in prognosis prediction and immunotherapy efficacy assessment. Key molecules like CD28, CD27 and SLAMF7 correlated significantly with risk scores, suggesting potential targets for high‐risk STAD patients. Drug sensitivity analysis showed a negative correlation between risk scores and sensitivity to certain treatments, indicating potential therapeutic options for high‐risk STAD patients. We also validated the carcinogenic role of RPL14 in gastric cancer through phenotypic experiments, demonstrating its influence on cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Overall, this research provides crucial insights into the genetic and immune aspects of STAD, highlighting the importance of a risk scoring model for personalized treatment strategies and clinical decision‐making in gastric cancer management.
Avocado‐derived extracellular vesicles loaded with ginkgetin and berberine prevent inflammation and macrophage foam cell formation
Authors: Sharma Shweta , Mahanty Manisha , Rahaman Suneha G. , Mukherjee Pritha , Dutta Bidisha , Khan Mohammad Imran , Sankaran Karunakaran Reddy , He Xiaoming , Kesavalu Lakshmyya , Li Wei , Rahaman Shaik O.
Published: March 2024

Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of aorta, remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality among cardiovascular disease patients. Macrophage foam cell formation and inflammation are critically involved in early stages of atherosclerosis, hence chemopreventive targeting of foam cell formation by nutraceuticals may be a promising approach to curbing the progression of atherosclerosis. However, many nutraceuticals including berberine and ginkgetin have low stability, tissue/cell penetration and bioavailability resulting in inadequate chemotherapeutic effects of these nutraceuticals. We have used avocado‐derived extracellular vesicles (EV) isolated from avocado (EVAvo) as a novel carrier of nutraceuticals, in a strategy to alleviate the build‐up of macrophage foam cells and expression of inflammatory genes. Our key findings are: (i) Avocado is a natural source of plant‐derived EVs as shown by the results from transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and NanoBrook Omni analysis and atomic force microscopy; (ii) EVAvo are taken up by macrophages, a critical cell type in atherosclerosis; (iii) EVAvo can be loaded with high amounts of ginkgetin and berberine; (iv) ginkgetin plus berberine‐loaded EVAvo (EVAvo(B+G)) suppress activation of NFκB and NLRP3, and inhibit expression of pro‐inflammatory and atherogenic genes, specifically Cd36, Tnfα, Il1β and Il6; (v) EVAvo(B+G) attenuate oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL)‐induced macrophage foam cell formation and (vi) EVAvo(B+G) inhibit oxLDL uptake but not its cell surface binding during foam cell formation. Overall, our results suggest that using EVAvo as a natural carrier of nutraceuticals may improve strategies to curb the progression of atherosclerosis by limiting inflammation and pro‐atherogenic responses.
Use of flours from traditional pan and salt‐bed‐roasted Kodo grains in the production of breakfast cereal: Spatial, morphological, techno‐functional, structural, and rheological analyses
Authors: Gaurav Abhishek , Kedia Janit , Faizan Rahi Md , Pradhan Rama Chandra , Mishra Sabyasachi
Published: March 2024

Kodo millet, possesses the goodness of iron and low glycemic index, notably, its starch has inadequate application owing to retrogradation and low amylose content. Dry‐roasting seems worthy as an inexpensive pretreatment process to preserve desirable textural characteristics of whole cereal grains with peculiarity of moisture levels below 20% for a very short time. The aim of this work was to analyze indepth studies to explain morphological, techno‐functional, structural, and rheological transformation of Kodo starch components generated during roasting of conditioned whole kernels at 15% and 20% initial moisture content (IM). The micrographs displayed a honeycomb‐like structure in all roasted flours. The X‐ray diffraction intensity decreased and showed partial rupture to A‐type orthorhombic crystals of Kodo starch after roasting, while lamellar growth across the multilayer matrix was also generated (23° and 37.35°). The fusion of the starch granules with endosperm's macromolecules observed plausible techno‐functional, and rheological properties, emphasized as non‐nutritional properties substantially improved sensory attributes of food as an additive. Roasted flour at higher IM thus made it easier to integrate into instant ready‐to‐eat breakfast cereals of improved amylose content (23.69%–29.31%) with lowered water activity (.4671–.5170) of varied skin strength (196.17–1894.41 g), elasticity (4.03–10.21 mm), and cell size (164.03–1059.10 μm) detected from puncture‐test force measurement. The infrared absorbance band illustrated loss of peak at 1047 cm−1 and endosperm's expansion (195.34%–309.30%) lowered kernel hardness (42.3–17.78 N) indicated structural loss upon roasting, may significantly reduce milling cost, and provide a commercially pretreated readied kernel or flour for industrial applications.

Practical applications

Kodo millet, of the Poaceae family thrives well in abiotic stress and scanty rainfall exhibit meager application owing to low amylose content. Applying preprocessing traditional roasting techniques upon moistened kernel, get popped cereal. Milling of such cereal retards subcellular loss, indicating increased amylose, water, and oil absorption with avid aroma. This is critical in the preparation of cost‐effective dietary formulations for children and geriatrics, thus making it easier for integration into ready‐to‐eat wholesome breakfast cereals.
Evaluation of thermal shock therapy for reducing pain during intense pulsed light therapy: An intrapatient randomized controlled study
Authors: Zhang Yuanwen , Lu Chuncheng , Yao Zhihui , Chen Yongxin , Luo Shilan
Published: March 2024

Background

Intense pulsed light (IPL) is used for the treatment and improvement of various skin issues. However, patients often experience local skin burning and pain after IPL treatment. Cooling and analgesic measures are indispensable.

Aims

To investigate the clinical effect of thermal shock therapy on pain relief and reduction of adverse reactions during IPL therapy.

Patients/Methods

A total of 60 female patients with facial photoaging who received IPL therapy were enrolled in the study. As a comparative split‐face study, one side of the face was randomly selected as the control side. The other side was given thermal shock therapy before and after the IPL treatment immediately as analgesic side. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the pain degree of the patients. The telephone follow‐ups regarding the occurrence of adverse reactions were conducted respectively on the 2nd day, 7th day, and 1 month after treatment.

Results

The VAS score and skin temperature of analgesia side was lower than that of control side at different stages of treatment. In terms of adverse reactions, the incidence of transient facial redness on the analgesic side was lower than that on the control side. Two patients showed slight secondary pigmentation on the control side, and the other patients showed no other adverse reactions on both sides.

Conclusions

Thermal shock therapy assisted IPL therapy can reduce skin temperature during treatment, effectively relieve patients' pain, reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions caused by heat injury, and improve patients' comfort level.
Weak evidence of provenance effects in spring phenology across Europe and North America
Authors: Zeng Ziyun Alina , Wolkovich E. M.
Published: March 2024

Forecasting the biological impacts of climate change requires understanding how species respond to warmer temperatures through interannual flexible variation vs through adaptation to local conditions. Yet, we often lack this information entirely or find conflicting evidence across studies, which is the case for spring phenology.

We synthesized common garden studies across Europe and North America that reported spring event dates for a mix of angiosperm and gymnosperm tree species in the northern hemisphere, capturing data from 384 North American and 101 European provenances (i.e. populations) with observations from 1962 to 2019, alongside autumn event data when provided.

Across continents, we found no evidence of provenance effects in spring phenology, but strong clines with latitude and mean annual temperature in autumn. These effects, however, appeared to diverge by continent and species type (gymnosperm vs angiosperm), with particularly pronounced clines in North America in autumn events.

Our results suggest flexible, likely plastic responses, in spring phenology with warming, and potential limits – at least in the short term – due to provenance effects for autumn phenology. They also highlight that, after over 250 yr of common garden studies on tree phenology, we still lack a holistic predictive model of clines across species and phenological events.
Dissection of rhizosphere microbiome and exploiting strategies for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Xun Weibing , Liu Yunpeng , Ma Aiyuan , Yan He , Miao Youzhi , Shao Jiahui , Zhang Nan , Xu Zhihui , Shen Qirong , Zhang Ruifu
Published: March 2024

The rhizosphere microbiome plays critical roles in plant growth and provides promising solutions for sustainable agriculture. While the rhizosphere microbiome frequently fluctuates with the soil environment, recent studies have demonstrated that a small proportion of the microbiome is consistently assembled in the rhizosphere of a specific plant genotype regardless of the soil condition, which is determined by host genetics. Based on these breakthroughs, which involved exploiting the plant‐beneficial function of the rhizosphere microbiome, we propose to divide the rhizosphere microbiome into environment‐dominated and plant genetic‐dominated components based on their different assembly mechanisms. Subsequently, two strategies to explore the different rhizosphere microbiome components for agricultural production are suggested, that is, the precise management of the environment‐dominated rhizosphere microbiome by agronomic practices, and the elucidation of the plant genetic basis of the plant genetic‐dominated rhizosphere microbiome for breeding microbiome‐assisted crop varieties. We finally present the major challenges that need to be overcome to implement strategies for modulating these two components of the rhizosphere microbiome.
Dreaming of Cydalise: Chimeras, disfiguration, translation
Authors: Luca Dinu
Published: March 2024

This essay argues that translation, next to other kinds of language ferrying, can be profitably seen as remedial work. To make this point, I discuss five attempts at poetising ‘Cydalise’, a chimera dreamed into being by Théophile Gautier (1811–1872). After introducing it, I investigate three of Gautier's failed textualisations of this chimera and the resulting early tokens of literary chinoiserie and literary pastel. I then explore the disfigurations Cydalise suffers at the hands of Romanian writer Vasile Alecsandri (1821–1890) as he appropriates, refashions and explodes chinoiserie (and distorts pastel) in his endeavour to capture Gautier's ‘dream in its reality’. I next trace the translatorial moves Chinese poet Shao Xunmei (1906–1968) enacts finally to transport Cydalise into text, as he also pays discreet homage to the powers of translation. I conclude by giving firmer contours to the hypertextual landscape I imagine, which equally welcomes originals, translations and everything in between.
The operation of PEPCK increases light harvesting plasticity in C4 NAD–ME and NADP–ME photosynthetic subtypes: A theoretical study
Authors: Bellasio Chandra , Lundgren Marjorie R.
Published: March 2024

The repeated emergence of NADP–malic enzyme (ME), NAD–ME and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) subtypes of C4 photosynthesis are iconic examples of convergent evolution, which suggests that these biochemistries do not randomly assemble, but are instead specific adaptations resulting from unknown evolutionary drivers. Theoretical studies that are based on the classic biochemical understanding have repeatedly proposed light‐use efficiency as a possible benefit of the PEPCK subtype. However, quantum yield measurements do not support this idea. We explore this inconsistency here via an analytical model that features explicit descriptions across a seamless gradient between C4 biochemistries to analyse light harvesting and dark photosynthetic metabolism. Our simulations show that the NADP–ME subtype, operated by the most productive crops, is the most efficient. The NAD–ME subtype has lower efficiency, but has greater light harvesting plasticity (the capacity to assimilate CO2 in the broadest combination of light intensity and spectral qualities). In both NADP–ME and NAD–ME backgrounds, increasing PEPCK activity corresponds to greater light harvesting plasticity but likely imposed a reduction in photosynthetic efficiency. We draw the first mechanistic links between light harvesting and C4 subtypes, providing the theoretical basis for future investigation.
Defence and nutrition synergistically contribute to the distinct tolerance of rice subspecies to the stem borer, Chilo suppressalis
Authors: Ju Jia‐Fei , Yang Lei , Shen Chen , Li Jian‐Cai , Hoffmann Ary A. , Huang Yu‐Xuan , Zhu Feng , Ji Rui , Luo Guang‐Hua , Fang Ji‐Chao
Published: March 2024

Damage caused by the rice striped stem borer (SSB), Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is much more severe on indica/xian rice than on japonica/geng rice (Oryza sativa) which matches pest outbreak data in cropping regions of China. The mechanistic basis of this difference among rice subspecies remains unclear. Using transcriptomic, metabolomic and genetic analyses in combination with insect bioassay experiments, we showed that japonica and indica rice utilise different defence responses to repel SSB, and that SSB exploited plant nutrition deficiencies in different ways in the subspecies. The more resistant japonica rice induced patterns of accumulation of methyl jasmonate (MeJA—part of a defensive pathway) and vitamin B1 (VB1—a nutrition pathway) distinct from indica cultivars. Using gene‐edited rice plants and SSB bioassays, we found that MeJA and VB1 jointly affected the performance of SSB by disrupting juvenile hormone levels. In addition, genetic variants of key biosynthesis genes in the MeJA and VB1 pathways (OsJMT and OsTH1, respectively) differed between japonica and indica rice and contributed to performance differences; in indica rice, SSB avoided the MeJA defence pathway and hijacked the VB1 nutrition‐related pathway to promote development. The findings highlight important genetic and mechanistic differences between rice subspecies affecting SSB damage which could be exploited in plant breeding for resistance.
Transcendental philosophy and logic diagrams
Authors: Lemanski Jens
Published: March 2024

Logic diagrams have seen a resurgence in their application in a range of fields, including logic, biology, media science, computer science and philosophy. Consequently, understanding the history and philosophy of these diagrams has become crucial. As many current diagrammatic systems in logic are based on ideas that originated in the 18th and 19th centuries, it is important to consider what motivated the use of logic diagrams in the past and whether these reasons are still valid today. This paper proposes that transcendental philosophy was a key inspiration for the development of logic diagrams and that such diagrams can be employed in transcendental arguments, even after the linguistic turn.
Impact of translational regulation on diel expression revealed by time‐series ribosome profiling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Aoyama Haruka , Arae Toshihiro , Yamashita Yui , Toyoda Atsushi , Naito Satoshi , Sotta Naoyuki , Chiba Yukako
Published: March 2024

Plants have developed the ability to adjust to the day/night cycle through the expression of diel genes, which allow them to effectively respond to environmental changes and optimise their growth and development. Diel oscillations also have substantial implications in many physiological processes, including photosynthesis, floral development, and environmental stress responses. The expression of diel genes is regulated by a combination of the circadian clock and responses to environmental cues, such as light and temperature. A great deal of information is available on the transcriptional regulation of diel gene expression. However, the extent to which translational regulation is involved in controlling diel changes in expression is not yet clear. To investigate the impact of translational regulation on diel expression, we conducted Ribo‐seq and RNA‐seq analyses on a time‐series sample of Arabidopsis shoots cultivated under a 12 h light/dark cycle. Our results showed that translational regulation is involved in about 71% of the genes exhibiting diel changes in mRNA abundance or translational activity, including clock genes, many of which are subject to both translational and transcriptional control. They also revealed that the diel expression of glycosylation and ion‐transporter‐related genes is mainly established through translational regulation. The expression of several diel genes likely subject to translational regulation through upstream open‐reading frames was also determined.
Development and application of a bioassay for assessing the dissipation rate of the synthetic strigolactone GR24 in soil
Authors: Wallach Amit , Matzrafi Maor , Distelfeld Assaf , Nasser Ahmed , Eizenberg Hanan
Published: March 2024

Root parasitic weeds of the genera Striga, Orobanche, and Phelipanche cause enormous economic losses for farmers the world over. Germination of the seeds of these species requires a chemotropic signal in the form of strigolactones in the soil. Once a root parasitic weed germinates and becomes established, it draws nutrition from the host plants, leading to plant death and hence yield reduction. Despite the obvious importance of strigolactones, there is currently almost no information about the fate of strigolactones in the soil, although microbial involvement has been suggested. To begin to address this knowledge lacuna, we developed a bioassay—using the strigolactone synthetic analogue GR24—as a high‐throughput, inexpensive, and compact tool for monitoring the dissipation of strigolactones (GR24 in this case) in the soil by microorganisms and/or environmental conditions, including GR24 concentration, soil type, and temperature. As part of the bioassay, it was found that autoclaving the soil delayed the dissipation of GR24 versus sterilisation by gamma radiation and or no sterilisation. Analytical LC–MS/MS with a detection limit of 0.1 ppb confirmed this finding, with no GR24 being detected in non‐sterilised soil after 24 h. Application of the bioassay to monitor GR24 dissipation in soil showed that the higher the GR24 concentration the slower the degradation, and the higher the temperature, the faster the degradation. It also showed that the organic matter content of the soil affected the GR24 dissipation rate. These findings were also confirmed by analytical LC–MS/MS, indicating the applicability of the methodology for studies of root exudes.
Composite Structural Battery: A Review
Authors: Mao Rui , Lei Zhenkun , Di Jianyu , Shang Yuxiang , Bai Ruixiang , Yan Cheng
Published: March 2024

Energy storage is a common challenge for spacecraft and vehicles, whose operating range and operational availability are limited to a considerable extent by the storage capacity; mass and volume are the main issues. Composite structural batteries (CSBs) are emerging as a new solution to reduce the size of electric systems that can bear loads and store energy. Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) offer significant advantages over metallic structures. This paper reviews the recent design of multifunctional composites by combining batteries with CFRP to obtain structural lightweight and excellent mechanical properties. The assembly methods for different CSBs based on the type of electrolyte used are discussed. A comparative analysis is performed on the energy density, rate performance, cycle performance, and mechanical performance with a particular focus on the multifunctional efficiency of various CSBs. Furthermore, the opportunities and challenges in CSBs are discussed, and research ideas are proposed for this emerging field.
Simplified Formulation for Bush, Gibson, and Thomas Model
Authors: Xu Yang , Wu Shuo , Jackson Robert L.
Published: March 2024

The random process model, also known as the multi-asperity contact model or statistical model, is one of the dominant methodologies for analyzing the contact between nominally flat rough surfaces. In 1975, Bush, Gibson, and Thomas developed a complete random process model (known as the BGT model) assuming that solid–solid contacts occur on the summits of the asperities, which are semi-ellipsoids uniquely described by three random variables (the asperity height and two principal peak curvatures). The Hertzian elliptic contact theory states that the contact area and normal load are implicit functions of the random variables, which results in an original BGT model with a complex formulation. In this study, we used an adapted Hertzian elliptic contact theory to simplify the formulation of the BGT model. The relative contact area to normal load relation predicted by the simplified BGT model perfectly agrees with that of the original formulation. It is anticipated that rough surface contact models with complex asperity interactions can be effectively built under the framework of this simplified BGT model.
Th1 cell immune response in
Talaromyces marneffei
infection with anti-interferon-γ autoantibody syndrome
Authors: Qiu Ye , Li Zheng-Tu , Zeng Wen , Yang Jing-Lu , Tang Meng-Xin , Wang Yan , Wang Hao-Ru , Li Yuanxiang , Zhan Yang-Qing , Li Shao-Qiang , Zhang Jian-Quan , Ye Feng
Published: March 2024

Anti-interferon-γ autoantibody (AIGA) syndrome may be the basis of disseminated
Talaromyces marneffei
infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative adults. However, the pathogenesis of Th1 cell immunity in
T. marneffei
infection with AIGA syndrome is unknown. A multicenter study of HIV-negative individuals with
T. marneffei
infection was conducted between September 2018 and September 2020 in Guangdong and Guangxi, China. Patients were divided into AIGA-positive (AP) and AIGA-negative (AN) groups according to the AIGA titer and neutralizing activity. The relationship between AIGA syndrome and Th1 immune deficiency was investigated by using AP patient serum and purification of AIGA. Fifty-five HIV-negative adults with disseminated
T. marneffei
infection who were otherwise healthy were included. The prevalence of AIGA positivity was 83.6%. Based on their AIGA status, 46 and 9 patients were assigned to the AP and AN groups, respectively. The levels of Th1 cells, IFN-γ, and T-bet were higher in
T. marneffei
-infected patients than in healthy controls. However, the levels of CD4
+
T-cell STAT-1 phosphorylation (pSTAT1) and Th1 cells were lower in the AP group than in the AN group. Both the serum of patients with AIGA syndrome and the AIGA purified from the serum of patients with AIGA syndrome could reduce CD4
+
T-cell pSTAT1, Th1 cell differentiation and T-bet mRNA, and protein expression. The Th1 cell immune response plays a pivotal role in defense against
T. marneffei
infection in HIV-negative patients. Inhibition of the Th1 cell immune response may be an important pathological effect of AIGA syndrome.

IMPORTANCE

The pathogenesis of Th1 cell immunity in
Talaromyces marneffei
infection with anti-interferon-γ autoantibody (AIGA) syndrome is unknown. This is an interesting study addressing an important knowledge gap regarding the pathogenesis of
T. marneffei
in non-HIV positive patients; in particular patients with AIGA. The finding of the Th1 cell immune response plays a pivotal role in defense against
T. marneffei
infection in HIV-negative patients, and inhibition of the Th1 cell immune response may be an important pathological effect of AIGA syndrome, which presented in this research could help bridge the current knowledge gap.
Acute spontaneous vortex vein occlusion: clinical features, multimodal imaging and natural course
Authors: Xue Kang , Meng Fengxi , Ren Hui , Yue Han , He Lin Jonathan , Ma Ruiqi , Lin Xintong , Qian Jiang , Guo Jie
Published: March 2024

Aims

To describe the clinical features, multimodal imaging, treatments and natural course of acute spontaneous vortex vein occlusion.

Methods

Clinical data were collected on nine patients with acute vortex vein occlusion. The symptoms and signs, multimodal imaging, treatments and follow-up results were summarised.

Results

Six patients (66.7%) were men and three (33.3%) were women. The mean age was 47.8±15.4 years. Patients were initially misdiagnosed as having choroidal tumour (66.7%), scleritis (22.2%) and peripheral exudative haemorrhagic chorioretinopathy (11.1%). The related clinical characteristics included choroidal pseudo-tumour (100%), anterior segment injection (88.9%), acute ocular pain (77.8%), transient blurred vision (66.7%) and subsequent scleral icterus (66.7%). Six patients (66.7%) experienced a definite Valsalva manoeuvre prior to the onset. In acute phase, ultrasonography showed a low-to-medium reflective lesion without inside blood flow signal (mean thickness, 2.7±0.6 mm). Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) demonstrated the dilated vortex veins and ampulla with suprachoroidal haemorrhage and exudation. Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) demonstrated choroidal circulation abnormalities in the affected quadrant. MRI showed a well-defined mass with enhancement. The main treatment was medical observation (44.5%). The choroidal pseudo-tumour spontaneously resolved with a mean course of 4.1±1.9 weeks.

Conclusions

Acute vortex vein occlusion is a rare condition and initial misdiagnosis is not uncommon. It is mainly identified as an evanescent choroidal pseudo-tumour with acute pain, red eye and blurred vision. Widefield ICGA and SS-OCTA can offer valuable diagnostic clues. Medical observation may be a treatment option.
Efficacy of a new injury prevention programme (FUNBALL) in young male football (soccer) players: a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Obërtinca Rilind , Meha Rina , Hoxha Ilir , Shabani Bujar , Meyer Tim , aus der Fünten Karen
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of a new multicomponent, exercise-based injury prevention programme in football players 13–19 years old.

Methods

Two-arm cluster-randomised controlled trial with clubs as the unit of randomisation. 55 football teams from Kosovo of the under 15, under 17 and under 19 age groups were randomly assigned to the intervention (INT; 28 teams) or the control group (CON; 27 teams) and were followed for one football season (August 2021–May 2022). The INT group performed the ‘FUNBALL’ programme after their usual warm-up at least twice per week, while the CON group followed their usual training routine. The primary outcome measure was the overall number of football-related injuries. Secondary outcomes were region-specific injuries of the lower limbs (hip/groin, thigh, knee, lower leg, ankle and foot) and injury severity.

Results

319 injuries occurred, 132 in the INT and 187 in the CON group. The INT group used the ‘FUNBALL’ programme in 72.2% of all training sessions, on average 2.2 times per week. There was a significantly lower incidence in the INT group regarding the overall number of injuries (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.69, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.87), the number of thigh injuries (IRR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.98), of moderate (time loss between 7 and 28 days) (IRR 0.65, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.97) and of severe injuries (time loss >28 days) (IRR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.91).

Conclusion

The ‘FUNBALL’ programme reduced the incidence of football-related injuries among male adolescent football players, and its regular use for injury prevention in this population is recommended.

Trial registration number

NCT05137015.
Navigating personal recovery: multinomial logistic regression analysis of schizophrenia outcomes in community-dwelling individuals
Authors: Thongsalab Jutharat , Yunibhand Jintana , Uthis Penpaktr
Published: March 2024

Background

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder affecting individuals globally, emphasising the significance of personal recovery in mental healthcare. Understanding the recovery stages and the associated factors can provide essential insights for targeted interventions.

Aims

This study aimed to discern the stages of personal recovery in Thai patients with schizophrenia and elucidate the associated factors with each stage.

Methods

A multistage sampling technique was employed, selecting 231 patients with schizophrenia from mental health outpatient departments of general and psychiatric hospitals. Data collected from March to May 2023 included screening for psychotic symptoms using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and six self-report questionnaires—Stage of Recovery Scale, Beck Cognitive Insight Scale, Brief Resilience Scale, Family Support, Therapeutic Relationship-Patients Version and Social Support Questionnaire—along with personal data sheets. Pearson correlation and multinomial logistic regression were performed.

Results

The predominant personal recovery stage among participants was stage 3, ‘living with disabilities’, comprising 42.4% of the participants. Key factors contributing to personal recovery, explaining approximately 38.4% of the variance, included resilience, family support, therapeutic alliance, hospitalisations since onset and recovery-oriented nursing service utilisation. Logit equations for stages 3 and 4 are as follows: stage 3 (living with disability): logit=−4.44+0.74×resilience+0.07×therapeutic alliance+0.02×recovery-oriented nursing service utilisation; stage 4 (living beyond disability): logit=−11.57–0.05×hospitalisation since onset+1.96×resilience+0.11×family support+0.06×therapeutic alliance.

Conclusion

The findings emphasise the significance of mental health nursing interventions. In conjunction with recovery-oriented nursing services, strengthening resilience, therapeutic alliances and family support may accelerate personal recovery and reduce hospitalisations among individuals with schizophrenia.