bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple PIK3CA mutation clonality correlates with outcomes in taselisib + fulvestrant-treated ER+/HER2–, PIK3CA-mutated breast cancers
Authors: Hutchinson Katherine E. , Chen Jessica W. , Savage Heidi M. , Stout Thomas J. , Schimmoller Frauke , Cortés Javier , Dent Susan , Harbeck Nadia , Jacot William , Krop Ian , Trabucco Sally E. , Sivakumar Smruthy , Sokol Ethan S. , Wilson Timothy R.
Published: April 2023

Background

Mutations in the p110α catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), encoded by the PIK3CA gene, cause dysregulation of the PI3K pathway in 35–40% of patients with HR+/HER2– breast cancer. Preclinically, cancer cells harboring double or multiple PIK3CA mutations (mut) elicit hyperactivation of the PI3K pathway leading to enhanced sensitivity to p110α inhibitors.

Methods

To understand the role of multiple PIK3CAmut in predicting response to p110α inhibition, we estimated the clonality of multiple PIK3CAmut in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with HR+/HER2– metastatic breast cancer enrolled to a prospectively registered clinical trial of fulvestrant ± taselisib, and analyzed the subgroups against co-altered genes, pathways, and outcomes.

Results

ctDNA samples with clonal multiple PIK3CAmut had fewer co-alterations in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) or non-PIK3CA PI3K pathway genes compared to samples with subclonal multiple PIK3CAmut indicating a strong reliance on the PI3K pathway. This was validated in an independent cohort of breast cancer tumor specimens that underwent comprehensive genomic profiling. Furthermore, patients whose ctDNA harbored clonal multiple PIK3CAmut exhibited a significantly higher response rate and longer progression-free survival vs subclonal multiple PIK3CAmut.

Conclusions

Our study establishes clonal multiple PIK3CAmut as an important molecular determinant of response to p110α inhibition and provides rationale for further clinical investigation of p110α inhibitors alone or with rationally-selected therapies in breast cancer and potentially other solid tumor types.
Mitochondrial transfer from bone mesenchymal stem cells protects against tendinopathy both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wei Bing , Ji Mingliang , Lin Yucheng , Wang Shanzheng , Liu Yuxi , Geng Rui , Hu Xinyue , Xu Li , Li Zhuang , Zhang Weituo , Lu Jun
Published: April 2023

Background

Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been effective in tendinopathy, the mechanisms by which MSCs promote tendon healing have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that MSCs transfer mitochondria to injured tenocytes in vitro and in vivo to protect against Achilles tendinopathy (AT).

Methods

Bone marrow MSCs and H2O2-injured tenocytes were co-cultured, and mitochondrial transfer was visualized by MitoTracker dye staining. Mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption rate, and adenosine triphosphate content, was quantified in sorted tenocytes. Tenocyte proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation were analyzed. Furthermore, a collagenase type I-induced rat AT model was used to detect mitochondrial transfer in tissues and evaluate Achilles tendon healing.

Results

MSCs successfully donated healthy mitochondria to in vitro and in vivo damaged tenocytes. Interestingly, mitochondrial transfer was almost completely blocked by co-treatment with cytochalasin B. Transfer of MSC-derived mitochondria decreased apoptosis, promoted proliferation, and restored mitochondrial function in H2O2-induced tenocytes. A decrease in reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (interleukin-6 and -1β) was observed. In vivo, mitochondrial transfer from MSCs improved the expression of tendon-specific markers (scleraxis, tenascin C, and tenomodulin) and decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the tendon. In addition, the fibers of the tendon tissue were neatly arranged and the structure of the tendon was remodeled. Inhibition of mitochondrial transfer by cytochalasin B abrogated the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in tenocytes and tendon tissues.

Conclusions

MSCs rescued distressed tenocytes from apoptosis by transferring mitochondria. This provides evidence that mitochondrial transfer is one mechanism by which MSCs exert their therapeutic effects on damaged tenocytes.
Detecting localised prostate cancer using radiomic features in PSMA PET and multiparametric MRI for biologically targeted radiation therapy
Authors: Chan Tsz Him , Haworth Annette , Wang Alan , Osanlouy Mahyar , Williams Scott , Mitchell Catherine , Hofman Michael S. , Hicks Rodney J. , Murphy Declan G. , Reynolds Hayley M.
Published: April 2023

Background

Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) PET/CT and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) are well-established modalities for identifying intra-prostatic lesions (IPLs) in localised prostate cancer. This study aimed to investigate the use of PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI for biologically targeted radiation therapy treatment planning by: (1) analysing the relationship between imaging parameters at a voxel-wise level and (2) assessing the performance of radiomic-based machine learning models to predict tumour location and grade.

Methods

PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI data from 19 prostate cancer patients were co-registered with whole-mount histopathology using an established registration framework. Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) maps were computed from DWI and semi-quantitative and quantitative parameters from DCE MRI. Voxel-wise correlation analysis was conducted between mpMRI parameters and PET Standardised Uptake Value (SUV) for all tumour voxels. Classification models were built using radiomic and clinical features to predict IPLs at a voxel level and then classified further into high-grade or low-grade voxels.

Results

Perfusion parameters from DCE MRI were more highly correlated with PET SUV than ADC or T2w. IPLs were best detected with a Random Forest Classifier using radiomic features from PET and mpMRI rather than either modality alone (sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve of 0.842, 0.804 and 0.890, respectively). The tumour grading model had an overall accuracy ranging from 0.671 to 0.992.

Conclusions

Machine learning classifiers using radiomic features from PSMA PET and mpMRI show promise for predicting IPLs and differentiating between high-grade and low-grade disease, which could be used to inform biologically targeted radiation therapy planning.
Antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals: towards implementing a one health based national action plan in Israel
Authors: Berman Tali Sarah , Barnett-Itzhaki Zohar , Berman Tamar , Marom Eli
Published: April 2023

Background

Development of antimicrobial resistance poses a major threat to human and animal health worldwide. Antimicrobials are frequently used in animal husbandry, making food-producing animals a widespread and important source of antimicrobial resistance. Indeed, recent evidence demonstrates that antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals poses a threat to the health of humans, animals and the environment. To address this threat, national action plans have been implemented based on a ‘One Health’ approach, which integrates actions across human and animal health sectors to combat antimicrobial resistance. Although under development, Israel has yet to publish a national action plan against antimicrobial resistance, despite alarming findings of resistant bacteria in food-producing animals in the country. Here we review several national action plans against antimicrobial resistance around the world in order to suggest approaches to develop a national action plan in Israel.

Main body

We investigated worldwide national action plans against antimicrobial resistance based on a ‘One Health’ approach. We also conducted interviews with representatives of relevant Israeli ministries to understand antimicrobial resistance policy and regulatory frameworks in Israel. Finally, we present recommendations for Israel towards implementing a ‘One Health’ national action plan against antimicrobial resistance. Many countries have developed such plans, however, only a few are currently funded. Furthermore, many countries, especially in Europe, have taken action to reduce the use of antimicrobials and the spread of antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals by banning the use of antimicrobials to promote growth, reporting data on the use and sales of antimicrobials in food-producing animals, operating centralized antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems and preventing the use of antimicrobials important to human medicine to treat food-producing animals.

Conclusions

Without a comprehensive and funded national action plan, the risks of antimicrobial resistance to the public health in Israel will escalate. Thus, several actions should be considered: (1) Reporting data on the use of antimicrobials in humans and animals. (2) Operating a centralized surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance in humans, animals and the environment. (3) Improving awareness regarding antimicrobial resistance in the general public and in health practitioners from both human and animal sectors. (4) Composing a list of critically important antimicrobials to human medicine that’s use should be avoided in food-producing animals. (5) Enforcing best practices of antimicrobial use at the farm-level. (6) Reducing incidence of infection through farm biosecurity. (7) Supporting research and development of new antimicrobial treatments, vaccines and diagnostic tools.
Setting large- and medium-sized mammal restoration goals in a last mountain Chaco remnant from central Argentina
Authors: Renison Daniel , Quispe-Melgar Harold Rusbelth , Erica Cuyckens G. A. , Cingolani Ana M.
Published: April 2023

Background

Setting large- and medium-sized wild mammal (≥ 2 kg) restoration goals is important due to their role as ecosystem engineers and generalized numeric reductions. However, determining wild mammal restoration goals is very challenging due to difficulties in obtaining data on current mammal density and due to unclear information on what mammal density values should be used as a reference. Here we chose a 154 ha conservation area within one of the last remnants of the mountainous Chaco from central Argentina. We suspected that extensive and unreported defaunation had occurred due to past human pressure and the introduction of non-native mammals. To conduct the analyses, we used a simplified technique that integrates methods used in rangeland and ecological sciences.

Results

Eight native mammal species including only one herbivore species, and four non-native mammal species including three herbivore species were detected during 6113 camera trap days. We used known cattle densities as estimated by droppings and direct counts, together with the relative abundance indexes obtained from camera trap photos to calculate the densities of the other species, correcting for mammal size. Densities for the least and most abundant native species were 0.2 and 1.33 individuals km−2, respectively; and for non-native species, 0.03 and 5.00 individuals km−2, respectively. Native and non-native species represented 0.8% and 99.2%, respectively, of the biomass estimates. Reference values for native herbivore biomass, as estimated from net primary productivity, were 68 times higher than values estimated for the study area (3179 vs. 46.5 kg km−2).

Conclusions

There is an urgent need to increase native mammals, with special emphasis on herbivore biomass and richness, while non-native mammal numbers must be reduced. As cattle are widespread in large portions of the globe and there is a lot of experience estimating their abundances, the ratio method we used extrapolating from cattle to other large- and medium-sized mammals could facilitate estimating mammal restoration goals in other small and defaunated areas, where traditional methods are not feasible when target mammal densities get very low.
Ludwig’s angina in a child: a case report and literature review
Authors: Benhoummad Othmane , Cherrabi Kaoutar , Orfi Najib El , Mortaji Zineb , Fakiri Mehdi El
Published: April 2023

Background

Ludwig’s angina is a diffuse cellulitis in the sub-mandibular space, which extends to the sublingual space. It is an emergency that often occurs in adults as a complication of oral infections. It is rare in children and is particularly life-threatening due to the smaller size, as well as the characteristics in these spaces in a child. This is the case of Ludwig’s angina in a 2-year-old boy, with rapid onset of signs of respiratory discomfort, no dental or systemic etiology, and great evolution.

Case presentation

A little boy was brought by his mom to the emergency room for the onset a firm swelling in the sub-mental region along with pain and fever, which appeared 3 days prior to the consultation. He was first examined by a pediatrician who prescribed oral broad-spectrum antibiotics (amoxicillin). The symptoms worsened over 48 h, as the little boy presented respiratory discomfort in supine position.

He was admitted in the emergency department. Without dysphagia or respiratory distress.

The clinical examination showed swelling in the sub-mental and sub-mandibular region with/without trismus or signs of oral infection. The laboratory investigations showed hyper-leukocytosis with a microcytic hypochromic anemia.CRP = 300; HIV test was negative.

The computed tomography (CT scan) showed a diffuse abscess in the sub-mental and sub-mandibular and sub-lingual regions.No mediastinal collection was found.

The diagnosis of Ludwig’s angina was established.

The patient underwent percutaneous surgical drainage of 15 ml of pus, which alleviated his symptoms, the treatment was carried out through broad-spectrum antibiotics, analgesics, and daily cleaning of the wound and change of surgical dressing. Bacteriological exam found gram-positive cocci in chains. The culture showed a Staphylococcus aureus. The patient presented clinical and biological improvement and was discharged after 7 days.

Six months follow-up showed a healthy child, without signs of infection or any other complication.

Conclusion

Ludwig’s angina in children -however rare- is a potentially life-threatening, rapidly spreading, bilateral swelling of the sub-mandibular. Its management is based on airway control, drainage of the collection and broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics, as well as surveillance of the biological parameters.

Early diagnosis and appropriate management enhances outcome and decreases mortality significantly.
Existence and Modality in Kant: Lessons from Barcan
Authors: Stephenson Andrew
Published: April 2023

This essay considers Kant’s theory of modality in light of a debate in contemporary modal metaphysics and modal logic concerning the Barcan formulas. The comparison provides a new and fruitful perspective on Kant’s complex and sometimes confusing claims about possibility and necessity. Two central Kantian principles provide the starting point for the comparison: that the possible must be grounded in the actual and that existence is not a real predicate. Both are shown to be intimately connected to the Barcan formulas, and Kant’s views on what he distinguishes as three different kinds of modality are then considered in light of this connection.
An automated microscopy workflow to studyShigella–neutrophil interactions and antibiotic efficacyin vivo
Authors: Lensen Arthur , Gomes Margarida C. , López-Jiménez Ana Teresa , Mostowy Serge
Published: April 2023

Shigella are Gram-negative bacterial pathogens responsible for bacillary dysentery (also called shigellosis). The absence of a licensed vaccine and widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance has led the World Health Organisation (WHO) to highlight Shigella as a priority pathogen requiring urgent attention. Several infection models have been useful to explore the Shigella infection process; yet, we still lack information regarding events taking place in vivo. Here, using a Shigella-zebrafish infection model and high-content microscopy, we developed an automated microscopy workflow to non-invasively study fluorescently labelled bacteria and neutrophils in vivo. We applied our workflow to antibiotic-treated zebrafish, and demonstrate that antibiotics reduce bacterial burden and not neutrophil recruitment to the hindbrain ventricle. We discovered that nalidixic acid (a bactericidal antibiotic) can work with leukocytes in an additive manner to control Shigella flexneri infection and can also restrict dissemination of Shigella sonnei from the hindbrain ventricle. We envision that our automated microscopy workflow, applied here to study the interactions between Shigella and neutrophils as well as antibiotic efficacy in zebrafish, can be useful to innovate treatments for infection control in humans.
At the Helm, Kirk or Spock? The Pros and Cons of Charismatic Leadership
Authors: Hermalin Benjamin E.
Published: April 2023

Charismatic leaders are often desired. At the same time, experience, especially with demagogues, as well as social science studies, raise doubts about such leaders. This paper offers explanations for charismatic leadership’s “mixed report card.” It offers insights into why and when charismatic leadership can be effective; which, when, and why certain groups will prefer more to less charismatic leaders; and how being more charismatic can make leaders worse in other dimensions, particularly causing them to work less hard on their followers’ behalf. (JEL D72, D83, M54)
Learning by Choosing: Career Concerns with Observable Actions
Authors: Ke T. Tony , Li Christopher , Safronov Mikhail
Published: April 2023

This paper explores potential inefficiencies of incomplete contracts in a dynamic career concerns context. In a firm-worker relationship, the worker performs public tasks that have trade-offs between productivity and informativeness. We show that the first-best outcome can be obtained with short-term contracts if the wage can depend on the task choice. This provides an explanation for wage jumps at promotions—the worker is assigned the more productive but less informative task after promotion. If task choice is not contractible, then inefficiency arises: the worker has an endogenous bias toward informativeness, while the firm is biased toward productivity. (JEL D82, D83, D86, J24, J31, M51)
Complexity and Procedural Choice
Authors: Banovetz James , Oprea Ryan
Published: April 2023

We test the core ideas of the “automata” approach to bounded rationality, using simple experimental bandit tasks. Optimality requires subjects to use a moderately complex decision procedure, but most subjects in our baseline condition instead use simpler (often suboptimal) procedures that economize on “states” in the algorithmic structure of the rule. When we artificially remove the mental costs of tracking states by having the computer track and organize past events, subjects abandon these simpler rules and use maximally complex optimal rules instead. The results thus suggest that the main type of complexity described in the automata literature fundamentally influences behavior. (JEL C91, D12, D91)
Stable and Efficient Resource Allocation with Contracts
Authors: Pakzad-Hurson Bobak
Published: April 2023

Consider indivisible-object allocation with contracts, such as college admissions, where contracts specify majors. Can a designer guarantee a stable and (student) efficient matching? I show that contracts put stability and efficiency at odds; a necessary condition to ensure these properties is student-lexicographic priorities—schools must rank contracts from “second-tier” students consecutively. I present the weakest restriction guaranteeing stability and efficiency, and characterize necessary and sufficient conditions for any mechanism within a general class to deliver a stable and efficient matching in an incentive compatible manner. I apply this result to two well-known mechanisms: deferred acceptance and top trading cycles. (JEL C78, D82, D86, I23)
The Good, the Bad, and the Complex: Product Design with Imperfect Information
Authors: Asriyan Vladimir , Foarta Dana , Vanasco Victoria
Published: April 2023

We study the joint determination of product quality and complexity. In our model complexity affects how difficult it is for an agent to acquire information about product quality. An agent can accept or reject a product proposed by a designer, who can affect the quality and the complexity of the product. We find that complexity is not a necessary feature of low-quality products. An increase in designer–agent alignment leads to more complex but better-quality products. However, higher product demand or lower competition among designers leads to more complex and lower-quality products. We relate our findings to the existing empirical evidence. (JEL D82, D83, G23, L15, L51, L84)
Optimal Nonlinear Pricing with Data-Sensitive Consumers
Authors: Krähmer Daniel , Strausz Roland
Published: April 2023

We study monopolistic screening when some consumers are data sensitive and incur a privacy cost if their purchase reveals information to the monopolist. The monopolist discriminates between data-sensitive and classical consumers using privacy mechanisms that consist of a direct mechanism and a privacy option. A privacy mechanism is optimal for large privacy costs and leaves classical consumers better off than data-sensitive consumers with the same valuation. When privacy preferences become public information, data-sensitive consumers and the monopolist gain, whereas classical consumers lose. Our results are relevant for policies targeting consumers’ data awareness, such as the European General Data Protection Regulation. (JEL D11, D42, D82, D83, L12)
The role of genetic factors in microtia: A systematic review
Authors: Putri Indri Lakhsmi , Stephanie Alexandria , Pramanasari Rachmaniar , Kon Moshe , Wungu Citrawati Dyah Kencono
Published: April 2023

Background: Microtia is a congenital malformation of the outer ears caused by improper embryonic development. The origin of microtia and causes of its variations remain unknown. Because of the lack of clarity regarding the role of genetic variables in microtia, we conducted a systematic review to qualitatively identify the genes most important in the development of microtia to provide an up-to-date review.

Methods: Using six search engines, we searched all published studies related to the genetic factors of isolated microtia and syndromic microtia. The identified publications were screened and selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria by the authors and assessed for methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. We found 40 studies, including 22 studies on syndromic microtia and 18 studies on isolated microtia. Data extraction of each study was arranged in tabulation for syndromic and isolated microtia. The extracted data were: first author’s surname, year of publication, country of origin, study design, sample characteristic and gene assessed.

Results: After the data were extracted, analyzed, and reviewed, the most common gene suspected to be involved in isolated microtia was Homeobox A2 (HOXA2, 12.1%). Conversely, in syndromic microtia, the two most common genes supposed to play a role were Fibroblast Growth Factor 3 (FGF3, 47.2%) and Treacher–Collins–Franceschetti syndrome 1 (TCOF1, 30.2%). From the studies, the three most prevalent genes associated with microtia were HOXA2 (10%), FGF3 (8.4%), and TCOF1 (5.4%). In syndromic microtia, the most common mutation types were deletion in TCOF1 (46.9%) and missense and deletion in FGF3 (both 38%), and in isolated microtia, the most common mutation type was silent in HOXA2 (54.2%).

Conclusions: In summary, genetic factors are involved in microtia; thus, molecular analysis is strongly advised.

PROSPERO registration: CRD42021287294 (25/10/21).
The effect of COVID-19 on medical student clinical skill practice and self-perceived proficiency
Authors: Hall Leanne , Binks Sophie , Heal Clare
Published: April 2023

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly impacted medical education. This study aimed to determine how COVID-19 affected students’ opportunity to practice core clinical skills across specialty rotations and their self-perceived proficiency at performing these.

Methods: Routinely administered surveys of fifth year medical student’ experiences and perceptions of medical training from 2016 to 2021 were analysed. Number of times core clinical skills were performed and self-perceived proficiency of each skill were compared pre- (years 2016-2019) and during-COVID (years 2020-2021).

Results: Data from 219 surveys showed a reduction in the opportunity to perform “a cervical screen test” (p<0.001), “a mental health assessment” (p=0.006), “assess the risk of suicide” (p=0.004) and “bladder catheterisation” (p=0.007) during-COVID. Self-reported skill proficiency was also less during-COVID for performance of: “a mental health assessment” (p=0.026) and “an ECG” (p=0.035).

Conclusions: The impact of COVID-19 on mental health skills was greatest, potentially due to a shift toward telehealth services and consequent reduced ability for students to engage in consultations. In a time of potential long-term change in the healthcare landscape, it is imperative to ensure adequate opportunity to practice all core clinical skills during medical training. Inclusion of telehealth earlier into the curriculum may benefit student confidence.
Preface
Authors: Leijen Äli , Õun Tiia , Tammemäe Tiiu
Published: April 2023

Eesti Haridusteaduste Ajakirja erinumber keskendub kaasavale haridusele, mille mõistel on rahvusvahelises kontekstis mitu tähendust. Eestiski oleks vaja selgemalt kokku leppida, mida kaasava hariduse all mõistetakse, milline peaks olema kaasav hariduskorraldus ja kuidas selleni jõuda. Kuigi suurem osa selle erinumbri artiklitest käsitleb erivajadustega õppijate kaasamist, leiab siit ka kaasavat haridust laiemas tähenduses käsitlevaid artikleid. Ka haridusastmed on erinumbris laialt kaetud, ulatudes alusharidusest kõrgkooliõpinguteni. Erinumbri tõlkeartikkel tutvustab universaalse disaini võimalusi. Kolm järgmist artiklit keskenduvad kaasava hariduse toetamisele lasteaedades. Järgmised kaks artiklit on pühendatud kaasava hariduse temaatikale koolis. Viimane artikkel analüüsib õppijate haridusliku kaasamise dimensiooni kõrgkoolis üliõpilaste keelelisest taustast lähtuvalt. Erinumbri lõpetab raamatututvustus, kus muude teemade kõrval käsitletakse seda, kuidas on Eestis õnnestunud kindlustada võrdne ja õiglane juurdepääs hariduse omandamisele.
Contextual factors contributing to quality implementation of the PAX good behaviour game in Estonia: the view of experienced coaches
Authors: Ulla Triin , Poom-Valickis Katrin
Published: April 2023

Sotsiaal-emotsionaalsete pädevuste omandamisest võidavad kaasava hariduse kontekstis väga erinevad õppijad. Eestis on täheldatud ja tõendatud VEPA Käitumisoskuste Mängu mõju laste sotsiaal-emotsionaalsetele pädevustele ja heaolule klassis, kuid pole selge, millistest teguritest sõltub VEPA metoodika rakendamise kvaliteet erinevates koolides ja klassiruumides. Seetõttu oli siinse uurimuse eesmärk välja selgitada kogenud mentorite arusaamad programmi kvaliteetsest kasutamisest ja seda mõjutavatest teguritest. Tulemused võimaldavad pöörata tähelepanu programmi kasutamise võimalikele kitsaskohtadele ja neid teadlikult ennetada. Mentorid kirjeldasid eeskätt rakendamise protsessi tahke ja õpilaste reaktsioone. VEPA programmi kasutamist mõjutavad mentorite hinnangul enim õpetajate omadused, programmi toe struktuur, õpetaja ja mentori koostöösuhe ning programmi kasutajatele antav tagasiside ja ühiskondlik kõlapind.

 Summary
Pedagogical Traditions of Training Primary School Teachers at the Pskov Mariinsky Women’s Gymnasium at the End of the 19th Century
Authors: Borisov B.
Published: April 2023

The article presents the historical and pedagogical experience of training teachers for elementary public schools in the eighth (additional) pedagogical class and in pedagogical courses at the Pskov Mariinsky Womens Gymnasium. In the context of the conditions of Russian reality at the end of the 19th century issues related to the need for teaching staff, the interest of regional authorities in their stable training, supported by appropriate financial policies, are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to aspects related to the content and organization of the theoretical and practical training of trainees, as well as their final certification. Conclusions are drawn about the possibility of using a number of the considered pedagogical traditions in the modern system of training elementary school teachers.
Foreign Language in Elementary School: Learning Difficulties and Ways to Eliminate Them (Part 1)
Authors: Gabeeva K.
Published: April 2023

The article reveals the educational potential of the subject “Foreign Language”, discusses the educational goals of its study by younger schoolchildren. The problems faced by schoolchildren in the process of mastering a foreign (English) language are analyzed, their causes are established: the inability to perceive a foreign text, to carry out textual activity, insufficient knowledge of semantic reading skills. Examples of exercises are given that help prevent and eliminate the difficulties that younger schoolchildren have when learning English.
An Ecosystem Approach to Building a Career Trajectory for Students
Authors: Shishov Sergey , Orlova I.
Published: April 2023

Based on the revealed contradictions between the needs of the labor market and the level of qualification of personnel, the article attempts to comprehend the current situation of integration of the potentials of the educational and professional communities in building the trajectory of career growth of students. The current mechanisms of building an ecosystem of professional education organizations, general education organizations and the business community are considered. The “ecosystem of personnel partnership” is discussed as a social environment that is formed for the purpose of productive development of the potential of students. It is a collaboration of teachers, employees of manufacturing companies and organizations, people living in this territory, education authorities and the labor market. The article analyzes the possibilities of the digital educational space as a link in the process of community integration and professional self-determination and self-realization of young people. The main technologies implemented in the integration process are systematized.
Monitoring the Activities of an Interdisciplinary Team of Specialists in Psychological and Pedagogical Diagnostics of Developmental Disorders in Healthcare Institutions
Authors: Manuylova V. , Guseynova A. , Gnutova N.
Published: April 2023

The issues of the content and organization of diagnostics in the conditions of health care institutions were studied; the development of ways of interaction of specialists in different areas. The following types of diagnostics are considered: medical, pedagogical, psychological, medical-psychological-pedagogical. Analyzed the work of the interdisciplinary team; developed a model of interaction between interdisciplinary teams of experts in psychological and pedagogical examination of children with developmental disorders and the results of implementing the model
Teaching Russian As a Foreign Language in Electronic Form
Authors: Zenkina S. , Kubatina P.
Published: April 2023

The article discusses the main types of electronic learning tools, the concept of electronic linguodidactics, its tasks and barriers that hinder its development. The concept of electronic tutoring is revealed. The features of the development of electronic dictionaries and lexicography, as well as the advantages of html-pages in teaching Russian as a foreign language are mentioned.
Formation and Development of the Phenomenon of Pedagogical Expertise in Domestic Education of the XX – early XXI century
Authors: Fedotov D.
Published: April 2023

The need of modern education for a systematic analysis and comprehensive assessment of the professional activities carried out by teachers actualizes the problem of finding and substantiating methods and means of pedagogical expertise. A purposeful historical and genetic study of the processes of formation and development of the phenomenon of pedagogical expertise in Russian education allowed us to determine its socio-historical prerequisites, identify key priorities, as well as identify and comprehend the main features and specific features of the examination of the work of Russian teachers during the XX – first quarter of the XXI century. The genesis of the functional purpose of the examination of pedagogical work is revealed, the priority of the humanitarian function of expert evaluation is justified, the experience of modern study and use of pedagogical expertise in the domestic system of education and upbringing is summarized. The trends of further study and application of expertise in the conditions of Russian education are outlined.
Modern Teacher As Information and Knowledge Resource and Potential for Development of Education
Authors: Trunceva T.
Published: April 2023

The article substantiates the categories of “knowledge”, “information”, “resource”, “potential” in order to eliminate the lack of understanding of the difference in the content of these constructs among teachers, identified in the course of advanced training. Fragments of training sessions and tasks are presented, which in analytical and research activities form an understanding of the content of the key categories “information and knowledge resource” and “potential” for the development of education.
Pioglitazone - the forgotten drug with multidirectional action
Authors: Aab Arkadiusz , Zarańska Julia
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Pioglitazone (PG) which belongs to thiazolidinedione class is a drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. PG increases the insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common and fastest developing diseases. The antihyperglycemic effect of pioglitazone (PG) is not its only one. This drug has a number of other metabolically beneficial effects. Many outcome trials indicate a positive impact of PG on the functioning of other systems.

Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to summarize the current knowledge on the effectiveness and safety of pioglitazone based on the available scientific literature.

Materials and methods: Literature review based on PubMed, Google Scholar database using the following phrases: pioglitazone, type 2 diabetes, pioglitazone in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) therapy, pioglitazone and cardiovascular risk, pioglitazone nephroprotective effect, pioglitazone safety profile.

State of knowledge: Pioglitazone is an oral antidiabetic drug used in the therapy of T2DM. PG belongs to the ‘insulin- sensitizers’. It is included in the treatment in the case of intolerance, contraindications to metformin or as part of combination therapy.

Conclusions: Recently, interest in pioglitazone has waned due to the perception of significant side effects.  The analysis of the papers showed a positive effect of PG on the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, NAFLD and nephroprotection. The acceptable safety profile of pioglitazone with the appropriate selection of patients as well as its multidirectional action and effectiveness mean that clinicians should reconsider the use of this drug guided by the balance of profits and losses.
Perioperative fluid therapy
Authors: Malbon-Harris Rupert
Published: April 2023

Fluids are usually administered perioperatively to maintain euvolaemia and adequate oxygen delivery, but administration of too little or too much fluid can cause problems. This article summarises the current evidence on the type of fluid and volume best administered in the perioperative period.
Edge trenching: a case study of a novel debridement technique
Authors: Melnychuk Igor
Published: April 2023

Debridement is a vital part of wound bed preparation; however, even a perfectly debrided wound may stall if it has vertical edges or the tissue in the wound base does not merge with the wound edges. A novel debridement technique described in this case study allows wound remodelling to overcome these difficulties.
Single-band Series Absorptive Common-mode Noise Filter
Authors: Lin Ding-Bin , Ali Erfansyah , Adiprabowo Tjahjo , Zhuang Cheng-Yi
Published: April 2023

A Single-band Series Absorptive Common Mode Noise Filter (ACMF) is proposed. The ACMF is embedded in a four-layer printed circuit board (PCB) and consists of three parts: a Reflective Common Mode Noise Filter (RCMF), a matching circuit, and an absorber. The RCMF is designed using mushroom-type resonators. The matching circuit is designed using meander lines to reduce the size of the filter dimensions. The absorber of the Common Mode noise (CM) is a series resistor. The designed operating frequency is 2.45 GHz. The simulation results are as follows: the insertion loss of CM (Scc21) is -22.49 dB at the frequency of 2.61 GHz, the return loss of CM (Scc21)  is -18.62 dB at the frequency of 2.5 GHz, while the integrity of the Differential Mode signals (DM) can be maintained with a very small insertion loss (Sdd21) of -1 dB at the frequency range of 0-8 GHz, and the achieved Absorption Efficiency (AE) is 93% at the frequency of 2.54 GHz. The proposed ACMF dimension is 10.3 x4.6 mm. The fractional bandwidth is 19%. The measurement results of the fabricated ACMF do not deviate significantly the simulation results. They are as follows: Scc21 is -17.87 dB at the frequency of 2.31 GHz, Scc11 is -20.87 dB at the frequency of 2.38 GHz, Sdd21 is -2.8 dB at the frequency range of 0–8 GHz, the Absorption Efficiency is 97% at the frequency of 2.32 GHz, and the fractional bandwidth is 17%. Therefore, the results of the ACMF design carried out by simulation can be implemented into a fabricated ACMF with measurement results similar to the calculation results in the design.
Castiltejón, un puesto avanzado republicano en el Frente Norte (Puebla de Lillo, León)
Authors: González Gómez de Agüero Eduardo , Bejega García Víctor , Ayán Vila Xurxo , Marín Suárez Carlos , Rodríguez González Javier , Compañy Gonzalo , Álvarez García Juan Carlos , Montoro Segovia Javier , González Ruibal Alfredo
Published: April 2023

Durante el mes de septiembre de 2011 realizamos la excavación de varias estructuras vinculadas a la Guerra Civil Española en lo que parece ser una posición avanzada republicana en el Frente de los Puertos. En la intervención se sondearon dos abrigos, un tramo de trinchera, un puesto de tirador y parte de un observatorio excavado en la roca. En el presente trabajo presentamos el desarrollo de la excavación y un primer acercamiento a los resultados de la intervención.
La gran batalla de Llevant: una victòria republicana silenciada
Authors: Grau Reig Vicent
Published: April 2023

Les annexions imperialistes de Hitler a Europa, com ara, Àustria, els Sudetes, etc., a la primavera del 1938, crearen unes condicions que feien molt possible l’inici de la Segona Guerra Mundial. Negrín va pensar, llavors, que les democràcies europees occidentals necessitarien com aliada la Segona República Espanyola. L’ajuda de les democràcies en eixe context faria possible el guanyar encara la Guerra Civil al feixisme internacional. Eixa possibilitat, però també les mesures mampreses pel també Ministre de Defensa, a proposta de Vicente Rojo, varen ser les principals causes de la recuperació de la moral i de la capacitat de resposta de l’Exèrcit de Llevant. L’eslògan triat pel nou Govern —un Govern de Guerra sense Prieto—, hi fou resistir es vèncer. La Batalla de Llevant, doncs, s’inicià amb aquest context històric i a les comarques de Castelló començà el 18 d’abril de 1938. Especialment en aquests indrets s’hi donà una resistència republicana heroica, ja que es va imitar l’eslògan de «No pasaran» de la defensa de Madrid. Aquesta resistència numantina aconseguí deturar forçosament el general franquista Aranda al riu Sant Miquel, al voltant de 40 dies. Aquesta petita victòria defensiva va fer possible la construcció del gran cinturó defensiu de la XYZ, a 35 km. de la ciutat de València. Va ser aquí on es donà la gran topada de la Batalla de Llevant, entre el 13 i el 25 de juliol, on el general Garcia Valiño, el CTV i el cos d’exèrcit de Solchaga s’estavellaren davant de les defenses republicanes de la XYZ. El resultat fou una victòria defensiva de l’Exèrcit Republicà sobre els insurgents franquistes.
El Molar. Museografia didàctica en un hospital de la Batalla de l'Ebre
Authors: Sospedra Roca Rafel , Boj Cullell Isabel , Castell Villanueva Júlia
Published: April 2023

En l’edifici de direcció de l’antiga mina Loussa (El Molar; Priorat) es va instal·lar un hospital militar durant la batalla de l’Ebre. L’any 2017 l’Ajuntament i la Universitat de Barcelona van endegar un projecte per recuperar i dignificar els espais a partir d’una exposició singular que presentés la problemàtica de la sanitat de l’Exèrcit Popular durant la Guerra Civil Espanyola i més concretament, durant la Batalla de l’Ebre. En la proposta es va assajar un nou model integral de museografia didàctica, de baix cost, que volia donar protagonisme a les emocions, i que estigués fonamentada a partir d’iconografia estàtica i cinètica generada a partir de grups de recreació històrica. Aquesta proposta havia de ser congruent amb la utilització d’escenografies didàctiques i l’exposició d’una extraordinària col·lecció de medicina i cirurgia de guerra cedida pel Dr. Jordi i Marina Jara, com també una rellevant selecció de peces aportades per la família Mauri. La resultant ha estat un equipament cultural rellevant en referència a la Guerra Civil espanyola.
Galería del recreador. Soldado del Ejército Popular de la República, 1937
Authors: Miró Serra Oriol , Muñoz Fe Diego
Published: April 2023

Una de las medidas del gobierno de la República para responder a la sublevación militar fue la reestructuración del ejército. En octubre de 1936 se creó el «Ejército Popular de la República», con la intención homogeneizar equipos y uniformidad. El soldado que presentamos responde al aspecto que presentaban buena parte de las tropas a mediados de 1937.
Convivència, desafiaments quotidians i tensions morals al voltant dels mercats informals parisencs. Una aportació etnogràfica
Authors: Milliot Virginie
Published: April 2023

Aquest article analitza les tensions entre els habitants de barris populars i les persones vulnerables que transformen el carrer en espai d'activitat i sociabilitat, en el marc del cosmopolitisme popular dels mercats informals parisencs d'objectes de recuperació. Aquests mercats produeixen sentiments trobats d'incomprensió i impotència, exasperació i ràbia, així com una indignació que impulsa reaccions i implicacions contraposades o ambivalents. La qüestió de l'ampliació potencial de la comunitat als “estranys” –en el sentit de Simmel– es planteja de manera quotidiana, replantejant la qüestió del llindar i allò comú. Així, seguint Isaac Joseph, podem considerar que la ciutat és un laboratori de democràcia, no com a ideal polític, sinó com a mode de vida, desafiaments quotidians i tensions morals.
Mercados globales y conflictos locales. Rio Tinto Company Limited y su “rincón de España” (1873-1954)
Authors: Arenas Posadas Carlos
Published: April 2023

El objeto del presente estudio es ofrecer una perspectiva novedosa en la ya copiosa historia de las minas de Riotinto: analizar la relación existente entre la evolución de los mercados mundiales del cobre y las estrategias laborales de la Compañía inglesa que las explotaron entre 1873 y 1954. Al funcionar como un estado en lo que llamaban “su rincón de España”, Rio Tinto Company Limited tuvo, al menos hasta 1939, la autoridad para generar instituciones de consenso, pero también para provocar conflictos si servían para reducir costes en las fases depresivas de los mercados. Entre 1939 y 1954, perdidas tales competencias bajo el régimen de Franco, convino a la Compañía unirse al consorcio bancario que “nacionalizó” el yacimiento.
Gasto educativo en la cuenca minera e industrial vizcaína, 1857-1923
Authors: Palacios-Mateo Adrián
Published: April 2023

Este trabajo explora cómo la industrialización pudo estar afectando a la formación de capital humano. A través del análisis del gasto educativo de los ayuntamientos minero-industriales de Vizcaya entre 1857 y 1923, se puede observar como estos respondieron positivamente al boom minero-industrial desde mediados de 1880. Aunque en las décadas de 1880 y 1890 la inmigración a la cuenca hizo retroceder levemente el gasto educativo, los datos muestran que a partir de 1900, estos ayuntamientos realizaron una inversión importante en la formación de capital humano de sus habitantes. Sin embargo, la aproximación a los datos de alfabetización de la cuenca muestran que, pese al gasto educativo, la alfabetización no pareció responder positivamente hasta las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Los resultados parecen indicar que las condiciones de mineros y operarios fabriles pudieron estar afectando directamente a la escolarización, minimizando el efecto del gasto educativo local
Countermeasure to the side effect of polarization demultiplexing in Stokes space
Authors: Liu Pengcheng , Ji Wei , Wang Yuqian , Liu Qiang , Li Qiang , Cao Lingguo
Published: April 2023

We propose a new
method to solve the side
effect of polarization demultiplexing in Stokes space. The scheme
calculates the phase difference between the two polarization states
according to the boundary of the projection of the signal on the S2-S3
plane in Stokes space and completes the compensation by a phase
retarder. According to the analysis results, this scheme can
effectively solve the side effect caused by polarization
demultiplexing in Stokes space. At the same time, the use of the
scheme can save one carrier phase recovery module in the subsequent
digital signal processing, which effectively reduces the
implementation complexity of the system.
Narrower-band multiplet resonances of surface plasmons on periodically phase-shifted metal gratings
Authors: Abudula Aibibula , Li Zhigao , Gu Yue , Sun Zhijun
Published: April 2023

In this Letter, we report properties of surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) on metal gratings with periodic phase shifts, in which high-order SPR modes corresponding to the long-pitch (a few to tens of wavelengths, λ) phase shifts are excited, instead of those corresponding to the short-pitch (∼λ) gratings. In particular, it is shown that, for quarter-phase shifts, spectral features of doublet SPR modes with narrower bandwidths are notably present when the underlying first-order short-pitch SPR mode is designed to be located between an arbitrarily chosen pair of neighboring high-order long-pitch SPR modes. Also, the positions and interspacing of the doublet SPR modes can be arbitrarily tuned by adjusting the pitch values. Resonance characteristics of this phenomenon are numerically investigated, and an analytical formulation based on coupled-wave theory is developed to elucidate the resonance conditions. Characteristics of the narrower-band doublet SPR modes may find application in the resonant control of light–matter interactions involving photons of multiple frequencies, and in high-precision SPR sensing with multi-probing channels.