bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Multi‐Function Chromoionophoric Probe‐Based Nano‐Conjugate Material for Highly Efficient Detection, Removal, and Recovery of Pd(II) and Co(II) Ions from Electronic Wastes and Electroplating Wastewater
Authors: Hosni Mohamed , Abd El‐aal Reda M. , Shahat Ahmed , El‐Sewify Islam M.
Published: July 2024

This study describes the development of a multifunction chromoionophoric probe‐based nano‐conjugate material for the colorimetric determination, recovery, and removal of palladium and cobalt ions (Pd(II) and Co(II)) ions from electronic wastes and electroplating wastewater. The chromoionophoric probe‐based nano‐conjugate material was prepared using a building‐block approach by anchoring the 4‐[(E)‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]‐1‐nitrosonaphthalen‐2‐ol (HDN) organic chromoionophoric probe onto nano‐spherical silica material carrier. The prepared materials were characterized using different techniques, such as TEM, SEM XRD, and BET. The HDN chromoionophoric probe‐based nano‐conjugate material was evaluated for its effectiveness in detecting and removing Pd(II) and Co(II) ions from electronic wastes and electroplating wastewater by testing various parameters such as pH, sensing system temperature, reaction kinetic, nano‐conjugate material amount, stability of the chromoionophoric probe‐based nano‐conjugate material and the existence of other coexisting metal ions. The HDN chromoionophoric probe‐based nano‐conjugate material demonstrated high selectivity and sensitivity for the colorimetric ion‐sensing of Pd(II) and Co(II) ions, with a detection limit of 7.18 and 208 nM, respectively. The method displayed optimal sensing at pH levels of 6.0 and 8.0 for Pd(II) and Co(II) ions, respectively, and the presence of other metal ions did not meaningfully influence the performance of the ion‐detection due to the powerful ability of the chromoionophoric probe‐based nano‐conjugate material. The adsorption capacity of the chromoionophoric probe‐based nano‐conjugate material towards Pd(II) and Co(II) ions was investigated and the outcomes were 163.40 and 128.57 mg/g, respectively. The chromoionophoric probe‐based nano‐conjugate material could be regenerated by eluting the adsorbed Pd(II) and Co(II) ions with 0.15 M HCl solution. In addition, the material could be reused multiple times, with almost no decrease in its initial performance after regeneration. Based on the findings, the chromoionophoric probe‐based nano‐conjugate material shows potential for environmental recovery, removal, and detection of Pd(II) and Co(II) ions from electronic wastes and electroplating wastewater, indicating its potential as a multi‐function solution for environmental concerns and issue and could be even commercialized and used at a larger scale.
Synthesis of Novel Anticancer Drugs Derived from 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde, and Investigation of Responsive Drug Delivery Systems Based on Carbon Quantum Dots.
Authors: Daniel Sobhi , Binu Ann Maria K. , Sunish K. S. , Joy Jain , Sivan Unnikrishnan , Menon Athira M.
Published: July 2024

The present work describes the synthesis two novel derivatives of 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde through a single pot microwave assisted green synthetic method and the characterization of the synthesized drugs using UV, IR,1HNMR, Mass spectra and CHN analysis. The structure optimization of the synthesized anticancer agents was carried out using Gaussian 9. Also carbon quantum dots (CQDs) derived from amino acid precursors were synthesized (Cystine and threonine) by microwave assisted method, followed by the integration of CQDS together with 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde and its novel derivatives. The drugs were subjected to targeted drug delivery applications in cancer cell lines (PC3) The MTT assay results revealed that the CQDs conjugated with 4‐nitrobenzaldehye (D1) and one of the derivatives (D3) exhibited greater cytotoxic effects on PC3 cells compared to L929 cells. The outcomes demonstrated that this novel derivative could kill cancer cells as effectively as 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde conjugated with CQDs. Also, the potential cytotoxicity of drugs D1 and D3 were further confirmed by the apoptosis assay using flow cytometry, which also explains that apoptosis is the mechanism underlying cell death in PC3 cancer cells. The autofluorescence test were also carried out in PC3 cells lines and the drugs D1 and D3 showed significant autofluorescence in PE−A (29.9 % and 34.7 %), in Alexa Fluor‐488 (32.6 % and61.1 %) and in Bv510‐A (16.6 % and 23.2 %) respectively. Thus, the synergistic effect of CQDs together with 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde and its derivative drug D3 are indeed a promising medication towards the localized drug delivery applications in prostate cancer cells as well as the autofluorescence results will explore novel arenas in bioimaging applications.
Advances in Plasmonic Photonic Crystal Fiber Biosensors: Exploring Innovative Materials for Bioimaging and Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Vatani Sareh , Biney Jeshurun , Faramarzi Vahid , Jabbour Ghassan , Park Jeongwon
Published: July 2024

This review paper comprehensively analyzes recent advancements in optical fiber‐based biosensors, focusing on conventional fiber and photonic crystal structures. This paper overviews the significant applications of optical fiber biosensors, including bioimaging, quality analysis, food safety, and field environment monitoring, setting the stage for subsequent discussions. The primary objective of the review is to systematically evaluate recent literature concerning optical fiber‐based biosensors, emphasizing their sensitivities and resolutions. The second section explores integrating plasmonic materials such as graphene, TDMC, germanium, black phosphorus, and silicon within optical fiber biosensors, elucidating their roles in enhancing sensitivity and resolution in biosensing applications. A detailed examination of photonic crystal fibers (PCF) follows, categorizing them into internally and externally metal film‐coated biosensors, highlighting their distinct advantages and limitations. Comparative analyses in two tables delineate the performance and sensitivity of optical fiber‐based biosensors, mainly focusing on different coating strategies. The final section of the review discusses emerging trends and applications in optical fiber biosensing technologies, underscoring their potential to transform biomedical and environmental monitoring fields. By synthesizing recent developments and challenges, this review aims to offer researchers and practitioners a comprehensive understanding of optical fiber‐based biosensors, facilitating informed decision‐making and driving further advancements in the field.
Tri‐site Synergistic Cu(I)/Cu(II)─N Single‐Atom Catalysts for Additive‐Free CO2 Conversion
Authors: Cao Qiuyan , Sun Wenqiang , Xiao Zhihe , Zhou Xiaole , Lu Lilin , Hou Haonan , Chen Yueguang , Wang Leyu
Published: July 2024

As the highly stable and abundant carbon source in nature, the activation and conversion of CO2 into high‐value chemicals is highly desirable yet challenging. The development of Cu(I)/Cu(II)─N tri‐site synergistic single‐atom catalysts (TS‐SACs) with remarkable CO2 activation and conversion performance is presented, eliminating the need for external additives in cascade reactions. Under mild conditions (40 °C, atmospheric CO2), the catalyst achieves high yields (up to 99%) of valuable 2‐oxazolidinones from CO2 and propargylamine. Notably, the catalyst demonstrates easy recovery, short reaction times, and excellent tolerance toward various functional groups. Supported by operando techniques and density functional theory calculations, it is elucidated that the spatially proximal Cu(I)/Cu(II)─N sites facilitate the coupling of multiple chemical transformations. This surpasses the performance of supported isolated Cu(I) or Cu(II) catalysts and traditional organic base‐assisted cascade processes. These Cu(I)/Cu(II)─N tri‐site synergistic atom active sites not only enable the co‐activation of CO2 at the Cu(II)─N pair and alkyne at the Cu(I) site but also induce a di‐metal locking geometric effect that accelerates the ring closure of cyclic carbamate intermediates. The work overcomes the limitations of single metal sites and paves the way for designing multisite catalysts for CO2 activation, especially for consecutive activation, tandem, or cascade reactions.
Inorganic Electrolyte Additive Promoting the Interfacial Stability for Durable Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhou Chuancong , Xie Yu , Nan Qing , Gao Yating , Li Fulong , Rao Peng , Li Jing , Tian Xinlong , Shi Xiaodong
Published: July 2024

The development of Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) is always hindered by the ruleless interface reactions between the solid electrode and liquid electrolyte, and seeking appropriate electrolyte additives is considered as a valid approach to stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interphases for high‐performance ZIBs. Benefiting from the unique solubility of TiOSO4 in acidic solution, the composite electrolyte of 2 m ZnSO4+30 mm TiOSO4 (ZSO/TSO) is configured and its positive contribution to Zn//Zn cells, Zn//Cu cells, and Zn//NH4V4O10 batteries are comprehensively investigated by electrochemical tests and theoretical calculations. Based on the theoretical calculations, the introduction of TiOSO4 contributes to facilitating the desolvation kinetics of Zn2+ ions and guarantees the stable interface reactions of both zinc anode and NH4V4O10 cathode. As expected, Zn//Zn cells keep long‐term cycling behavior for 3750 h under the test condition of 1 mA cm−2–1 mAh cm−2, Zn//Cu cells deliver high Coulombic efficiency of 99.9% for 1000 cycles under the test condition of 5 mA cm−2–1 mAh cm−2, and Zn//NH4V4O10 batteries maintain reversible specific capacity of 193.8 mAh g−1 after 1700 cycles at 5 A g−1 in ZSO/TSO electrolyte. These satisfactory results manifest that TiOSO4 additive holds great potential to improve the performances of ZIBs.
Integrating GWAS with a gene co‐expression network better prioritizes candidate genes associated with root metaxylem phenes in maize
Authors: Klein Stephanie P. , Kaeppler Shawn M. , Brown Kathleen M. , Lynch Jonathan P.
Published: July 2024

Root metaxylems are phenotypically diverse structures whose function is particularly important under drought stress. Significant research has dissected the genetic machinery underlying metaxylem phenotypes in dicots, but that of monocots are relatively underexplored. In maize (Zea mays), a robust pipeline integrated a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of root metaxylem phenes under well‐watered and water‐stress conditions with a gene co‐expression network to prioritize the strongest gene candidates. We identified 244 candidate genes by GWAS, of which 103 reside in gene co‐expression modules most relevant to xylem development. Several candidate genes may be involved in biosynthetic processes related to the cell wall, hormone signaling, oxidative stress responses, and drought responses. Of those, six gene candidates were detected in multiple root metaxylem phenes in both well‐watered and water‐stress conditions. We posit that candidate genes that are more essential to network function based on gene co‐expression (i.e., hubs or bottlenecks) should be prioritized and classify 33 essential genes for further investigation. Our study demonstrates a new strategy for identifying promising gene candidates and presents several gene candidates that may enhance our understanding of vascular development and responses to drought in cereals.
Diffuse, bilateral intraventricular spread of an oligodendroglioma in a Boxer dog
Authors: Giles Amber , Hoffmann Karon , Spröhnle‐Barrera Cleide , Dill‐Macky Elizabeth , Thomson Christine
Published: July 2024

A case of a high‐grade oligodendroglioma in a boxer dog is presented. Using magnetic resonance imaging, a parenchymal lesion was noted entering into the ventrocaudal, right lateral ventricle. Magnetic resonance imaging showed the mass had extensive, contiguous spread rostrally through the lateral ventricles, and caudally into the third and fourth ventricles, and central canal. This was confirmed with histopathology. This degree of invasion in the ventricles by an oligodendroglioma has not been reported and indicates that oligodendrogliomas should be included as a differential diagnosis for intraventricular tumours with bilateral, contiguous invasion of the ventricular system.
Where is the wolf? A multi‐method comparison of social values and perceptions in a Swiss park
Authors: Cracco Marina , Michel Annina H. , Komossa Franziska , Kong Inhye , Backhaus Norman , Thaler Lucia , Oliveri Timo , Walters Gretchen
Published: July 2024

This article presents our recent experience studying public perceptions, discourses, and social values in Park Beverin, a Regional Nature Park in Switzerland. We applied four social research methods (news media analysis, survey with micro‐narratives, go‐along interviews, and focus groups), and delved into the subject of wolf Canis lupus adapting a triangulation protocol and systematic process from the health sciences. We observed the recurring perceptions of ‘wolf' throughout three of the four methods; however, depictions, values, prominence, and presence varied by method. Social values of the wolf were mostly silent when compared to other topics, and ‘wolf amplification' and ‘wolf fatigue' point to the need to rethink the social aspects in wolf management, conservation, and policy. The findings also show the need for diverse research methods for revealing social values and perceptions on sensitive topics that otherwise the use of one method may be masking or amplifying.
The effects of variability in catch effort on the precision of statistical population reconstruction
Authors: Berg Sergey S. , Erb John D. , Westphal Abby K.
Published: July 2024

Statistical population reconstruction (SPR) models have emerged as a robust and versatile framework for estimating the demographic dynamics of harvested wildlife populations using commonly collected age‐at‐harvest and catch‐effort data. Although numerous studies have suggested that higher interannual variability in catch effort may improve the accuracy and precision of reconstructed estimates, particularly in the absence of auxiliary data on annual abundance or survival, the extent and magnitude of these effects has not been explored. We examined the influence of catch‐effort variability, as measured by the ratio between years of highest and lowest effort, on the relative absolute deviation of reconstructed estimates of population abundance, as well as on the actual percent coverage and width of the corresponding confidence intervals. We used a Monte Carlo simulation to generate catch‐effort data with different levels of variability for populations experiencing a wide range of demographic and harvest conditions. For similar amounts of age‐at‐harvest data, using catch‐effort data with higher interannual variability resulted in reconstructed estimates of annual abundance that had significantly lower deviations from reality, better coverage, and narrower confidence intervals (as measured by the margin of error). These improvements were consistent and linear at low to medium levels of catch‐effort variability, but leveled off and became substantially less pronounced at higher levels. We found that the inclusion of auxiliary data largely mediated this relationship, although higher catch‐effort variability still resulted in more accurate and precise estimates of annual abundance even when these data were included. Our research highlights the need to include a thorough investigation of the available catch‐effort data alongside the established practices of assessing the number of years of available data, the average number of animals harvested each year, and the availability of auxiliary data from radio‐telemetry studies or other sources.
Synthesis and Characterization of Alkali Metal Hypersilyl Borates
Authors: Lainer Thomas , Walkner Christoph , Tasch Nina M. , Fischer Roland C. , Torvisco Ana , Stueger Harald , Haas Michael
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on the synthesis of H‐ and MeO‐ functionalized alkali metal hypersilyl borates. Consequently, two distinct silanides were used as polysilane frameworks for our chemical manipulations. Tris(silyl)silanide (1) and tris(trimethoxysilyl)silanide (2) react in the same manner with the BH3 ⋅ SMe2 complex to obtain two new alkali metal hypersilyl borates [(R3Si)3SiBH3M (M=alkali metal; R=H, (3), R=MeO, (4 a–c))] in good to excellent yields. NMR spectroscopy for all compounds and single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography for 3 and 4 a, b enabled a clear structural characterization. Single crystal X‐ray analysis of 3 showed a dimeric structure, where two THF‐molecules and three hydrides from the BH3‐group contribute to the coordination sphere of the lithium atom. Interestingly, crystals suitable for X‐ray analysis of 4 a and 4 b showed a solvent‐free cluster formation, due to the coordination of the MeO groups. Both species form coordination polymers with different coordination modes depending on the nature of the alkali metal. Attempted hydride abstraction reactions of 3 and 4 with various reagents under the formation of the free boranes proceeded unselectively.
On the Structure of Tl2Pb(SO4)2 and Crystal Chemistry of Thallium‐Containing Sulfates
Authors: Chen Pengyun
Published: July 2024

Single crystal of a thallium‐containing sulfate Tl2Pb(SO4)2 was prepared through hydrothermal crystallization starting from Tl2CO3, Pb(NO3)2 and H2SO4. The crystal structure was solved from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data: Tl2Pb(SO4)2 crystallizes in space group R
m with lattice parameters of a=5.5955(2) Å, c=22.1001(9) Å, and Z=3, which is also corroborated by Rietveld refinement on X‐ray powder data. The crystal structure can be regarded as [Pb(SO4)2]2− sheets intercalated by double layers of Tl+ along the c‐axis. From a mineralogical perspective, Tl2Pb(SO4)2 belongs to the palmierite family and can further be classified within palmierite‐supergroup. Validation of the structure models was carried out utilizing various concepts including Bond Valence (BV), Charge Distribution (CD) and Madelung Part of Lattice Energy (MAPLE). Notably, a contrast in stereochemical activity of 6s2 lone electron pair (LEP) between Tl+ and Pb2+ is interpreted in terms of bonding behaviours as well as Wang‐Liebau Eccentricity (WLE) parameters. Moreover, an extensive investigation into the crystal chemistry of thallium‐containing sulfates was conducted for the first time, focusing on the coordination environment and bonding behaviour of Tl+ and corresponding WLE parameters. A comparative analysis of these structurally related compounds including Tl2Pb(SO4)2, Tl3H(SO4)2, TlBi(SO4)2, TlIn(SO4)2, TlRh(SO4)2, and TlAl(SO4)2 was delineated.
The Legal Issues of Opening and Running Gastronomic Entrepreneurships in Kazakhstan: A Case Study from the City of Taldykorgan
Authors: Nurmukhankyzy Daniya
Published: July 2024

Food service has remained a buzzword in the everyday lives of the Kazakh people, as an industry providing jobs for many people and significantly contributing to the country's economy. However, the numerous monthly closings of restaurants raise questions regarding what makes businessmen close their food service businesses. Multiple answers exist to this question. From my vantage point, the answer requires an analysis of the legal issues and challenges, which may create barriers to conducting business. Fundamentally, the development of any sector of the economy directly depends upon the quality of legislation surrounding it. This chapter, therefore, focuses on issues related to the legal regulation of gastronomic businesses in Kazakhstan. In this study on the legal regulations surrounding opening a gastronomic business, I provide examples from the city of Taldykorgan. Within this chapter, I identify problems and gaps in the legislation and propose ways of addressing them. Combining methods such as desk research and an analysis of normative legal acts, statistics, and qualitative interviews, the findings outline recommendations for the implementation of legislation in the Republic of Kazakhstan on the regulation of the food service industry and related businesses.
Perspectives on Introducing Corporate Criminal Liability for the Crime of Bribery in Uzbekistan
Authors: Karimova Dildora , Nigmadjanov Uygun
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores Uzbekistan’s introduction of corporate criminal liability (CCL) for bribery, where criminal liability has largely been levied against individuals. However, the increasing number of businesses, the cultural specificities of excessive gratitude and hospitality, and the rapid growth in various industries call for more sophisticated anticorruption measures, specifically bribery. Here, we discuss current corruption and bribery regulations in Uzbekistan. In addition, we attempt to determine how these regulations work in practice through interviews with representatives from the retail, construction, and marketing sectors. We also analyse modes of CCL, including the identification principle, vicarious liability, and a ‘failure to prevent’ formula, finding that the best option lies in considering cultural, financial, and efficiency features within the Uzbek sociolegal environment. Whilst billion-dollar penalties for corporate crimes are now common in countries where corporate business is booming, questions remain. How will this legal experiment develop further in a developing country where businesses are just beginning to grow, yet struggle to survive given bureaucracy and overregulation? Which factors should be considered when introducing anticorruption measures? Will CCL impose even more regulations on businesses? We attempt to answer these questions here through an analysis of the introduction of CCL in Uzbekistan.
Pursuing Văn Minh: A Study of Civilizational Discourse in the Historical Narratives in Colonial Vietnam (1900–1915)
Authors: Tai Ran
Published: July 2024

Scholars in Vietnamese history usually link the rise of Vietnamese nationalism to anti-colonial activism at the turn of the twentieth century. This chapter, however, considers how the discourses of pro-French colonization are integrated into the nationalist historiography in colonial Vietnam. It places particular emphasis on the interactions of Vietnamese intellectuals with their counterparts in China and Japan in their formation of pro-French nationalist discourses. Through close readings of the writings that pro-French-Vietnamese literati-officials, such as Hoàng Cao Khải and Ngô Giáp Đậu, composed during the Duy Tân Reform Movement (Phong trào Duy Tân) in the early 1900s, this chapter demonstrates how the key elements in the notion of modern civilization (văn minh) were translated, interpreted, appropriated, and internalized by the Vietnamese pro-French reformists in their conception of a new Vietnam. This chapter argues that the tropes of modernity that these Vietnamese intellectuals used in constructing their pro-French nationalist historiography were not derived directly from the Western concepts but generated in a complex process of cultural interaction and knowledge production that began in late-nineteenth century East Asia.
On some $$\Sigma ^{B}_{0}$$-formulae generalizing counting principles over $$V^{0}$$
Authors: Ken Eitetsu
Published: July 2024

We formalize various counting principles and compare their strengths over

$$V^{0}$$

V
0

. In particular, we conjecture the following mutual independence between:

a uniform version of modular counting principles and the pigeonhole principle for injections,

a version of the oddtown theorem and modular counting principles of modulus p, where p is any natural number which is not a power of 2,

and a version of Fisher’s inequality and modular counting principles.

Then, we give sufficient conditions to prove them. We give a variation of the notion of PHP-tree and k-evaluation to show that any Frege proof of the pigeonhole principle for injections admitting the uniform counting principle as an axiom scheme cannot have o(n)-evaluations. As for the remaining two, we utilize well-known notions of p-tree and k-evaluation and reduce the problems to the existence of certain families of polynomials witnessing violations of the corresponding combinatorial principles with low-degree Nullstellensatz proofs from the violation of the modular counting principle in concern.
Interior Regularity for Two-Dimensional Stationary Q-Valued Maps
Authors: Hirsch Jonas , Spolaor Luca
Published: July 2024

We prove that 2-dimensional Q-valued maps that are stationary with respect to outer and inner variations of the Dirichlet energy are Hölder continuous and that the dimension of their singular set is at most one. In the course of the proof we establish a strong concentration-compactness theorem for equicontinuous maps that are stationary with respect to outer variations only, and which holds in every dimensions.
Conventional magnetic resonance imaging key features for distinguishing pathologically confirmed corticobasal degeneration from its mimics: a retrospective analysis of the J-VAC study
Authors: Sakurai Keita , Tokumaru Aya M. , Yoshida Mari , Saito Yuko , Wakabayashi Koichi , Komori Takashi , Hasegawa Masato , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Hayashi Yuichi , Shimohata Takayoshi , Murayama Shigeo , Iwasaki Yasushi , Uchihara Toshiki , Sakai Motoko , Yabe Ichiro , Tanikawa Satoshi , Takigawa Hiroshi , Adachi Tadashi , Hanajima Ritsuko , Fujimura Harutoshi , Hayashi Kentaro , Sugaya Keizo , Hasegawa Kazuko , Sano Terunori , Takao Masaki , Yokota Osamu , Miki Tomoko , Kobayashi Michio , Arai Nobutaka , Ohkubo Takuya , Yokota Takanori , Mori Keiko , Ito Masumi , Ishida Chiho , Idezuka Jiro , Toyoshima Yasuko , Kanazawa Masato , Aoki Masashi , Hasegawa Takafumi , Watanabe Hirohisa , Hashizume Atsushi , Niwa Hisayoshi , Yasui Keizo , Ito Keita , Washimi Yukihiko , Kubota Akatsuki , Toda Tatsushi , Nakashima Kenji , Aiba Ikuko ,   J-VAC study group
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Due to the indistinguishable clinical features of corticobasal syndrome (CBS), the antemortem differentiation between corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and its mimics remains challenging. However, the utility of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of CBD has not been sufficiently evaluated. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of conventional MRI findings in differentiating pathologically confirmed CBD from its mimics.

Methods

Semiquantitative visual rating scales were employed to assess the degree and distribution of atrophy and asymmetry on conventional T1-weighted and T2-weighted images. Additionally, subcortical white matter hyperintensity (SWMH) on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images were visually evaluated.

Results

In addition to 19 patients with CBD, 16 with CBD mimics (progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP): 9, Alzheimer’s disease (AD): 4, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): 1, frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa(FTLD-TDP): 1, and globular glial tauopathy (GGT): 1) were investigated. Compared with the CBD group, the PSP-CBS subgroup showed severe midbrain atrophy without SWMH. The non-PSP-CBS subgroup, comprising patients with AD, DLB, FTLD-TDP, and GGT, showed severe temporal atrophy with widespread asymmetry, especially in the temporal lobes. In addition to over half of the patients with CBD, two with FTLD-TDP and GGT showed SWMH, respectively.

Conclusion

This study elucidates the distinct structural changes between the CBD and its mimics based on visual rating scales. The evaluation of atrophic distribution and SWMH may serve as imaging biomarkers of conventional MRI for detecting background pathologies.
Companion basil plants prime the tomato wound response through volatile signaling in a mixed planting system
Authors: Yoshida Riichiro , Taguchi Shoma , Wakita Chihiro , Serikawa Shinichiro , Miyaji Hiroyuki
Published: July 2024

Key message

Volatile compounds released from basil prime the tomato wound response by promoting jasmonic acid, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and reactive oxygen species signaling.

Within mixed planting systems, companion plants can promote growth or enhance stress responses in target plants. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. To gain insight into the molecular nature of the effects of companion plants, we investigated the effects of basil plants (Ocimum basilicumvar.minimum) on the wound response in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicumcv. ‘Micro-Tom’) within a mixed planting system under environmentally controlled chamber. The results showed that the expression ofPin2, which specifically responds to mechanical wounding, was induced more rapidly and more strongly in the leaves of tomato plants cultivated with companion basil plants. This wound response priming effect was replicated through the exposure of tomato plants to an essential oil (EO) prepared from basil leaves. Tomato leaves pre-exposed to basil EO showed enhanced expression of genes related to jasmonic acid, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling after wounding stress. Basil EO also enhanced ROS accumulation in wounded tomato leaves. The wound response priming effect of basil EO was confirmed in wounded Arabidopsis plants. Loss-of-function analysis of target genes revealed that MAPK genes play pivotal roles in controlling the observed priming effects.Spodoptera lituralarvae-fed tomato leaves pre-exposed to basil EO showed reduced growth compared with larvae-fed control leaves. Thus, mixed planting with basil may enhance defense priming in both tomato and Arabidopsis plants through the activation of volatile signaling.
Refining surgical strategies in ThuLEP for BPH: a propensity score matched comparison of En-bloc, three lobes, and two lobes techniques
Authors: Cantiello Francesco , Crocerossa Fabio , Alba Stefano , Carbonara Umberto , Pandolfo Savio Domenico , Falagario Ugo , Veccia Alessandro , Ucciero Giuseppe , Ferro Matteo , Mondaini Nicola , Damiano Rocco
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study compares the peri-operative and functional outcomes of three distinct surgical techniques in Thulium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (ThuLEP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The main aim is to assess whether the En-bloc, Three-lobe, and Two-lobe techniques have differential effects on surgical efficacy and patient outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients undergoing ThuLEP for BPH between January 2019 and January 2024 at two tertiary centers. Propensity score matching was utilized to balance baseline characteristics among patients undergoing the different techniques. Surgical parameters, including operative time, enucleation time, morcellation time, energy consumption, and postoperative outcomes, were compared among the groups.

Results

Following propensity score matching, 213 patients were included in the analysis. Intraoperative analysis revealed significantly shorter enucleation, laser enucleation, morcellation and operative times and total energy delivered in the En-bloc and Two-lobe groups compared to the Three-lobe group. No significant differences were observed among the groups in terms of intraoperative and postoperative complications. There were no significant differences in functional outcomes at the 3-month follow-up among the groups.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that while the En-bloc and Two-lobe techniques may offer efficiency benefits and could be considered safe alternatives in ThuLEP procedures, the reduction in laser enucleation time and energy delivered did not necessarily translate into improvements in post operative storage symptoms or other functional outcomes for the patients. Surgeon preference and proficiency may play a crucial role in selecting the most suitable technique for individual patients. Future research should focus on larger-scale prospective studies to further validate these findings and explore potential factors influencing surgical outcomes.
Fast descriptor-based 2D and 3D microstructure reconstruction using the Portilla–Simoncelli algorithm
Authors: Seibert Paul , Raßloff Alexander , Kalina Karl , Kästner Markus
Published: July 2024

Reconstructing microstructures from statistical descriptors is a key enabler of computer-based inverse materials design. In the Yeong–Torquato algorithm and other common methods, the problem is approached by formulating it as an optimization problem in the space of possible microstructures. In this case, the error between the desired microstructure and the current reconstruction is measured in terms of a descriptor. As an alternative, descriptors can be regarded as constraints defining subspaces or regions in the microstructure space. Given a set of descriptors, a valid microstructure can be obtained by sequentially projecting onto these subspaces. This is done in the Portilla–Simoncelli algorithm, which is well known in the field of texture synthesis. Noting the algorithm’s potential, the present work aims at introducing it to microstructure reconstruction. After exploring its capabilities and limitations in 2D, a dimensionality expansion is developed for reconstructing 3D volumes from 2D reference data. The resulting method is extremely efficient, as it allows for high-resolution reconstructions on conventional laptops. Various numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate its versatility and scalability. Finally, the method is validated by comparing homogenized mechanical properties of original and reconstructed 3D microstructures.
Differences in the cerebral amyloid angiopathy proteome in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Leitner Dominique , Kavanagh Tomas , Kanshin Evgeny , Balcomb Kaleah , Pires Geoffrey , Thierry Manon , Suazo Jianina I. , Schneider Julie , Ueberheide Beatrix , Drummond Eleanor , Wisniewski Thomas
Published: July 2024

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition in cerebrovasculature. It is prevalent with aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), associated with intracerebral hemorrhage, and contributes to cognitive deficits. To better understand molecular mechanisms, CAA(+) and CAA(−) vessels were microdissected from paraffin-embedded autopsy temporal cortex of age-matched Control (n = 10), mild cognitive impairment (MCI;n = 4), and sporadic AD (n = 6) cases, followed by label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. 257 proteins were differentially abundant in CAA(+) vessels compared to neighboring CAA(−) vessels in MCI, and 289 in AD (p < 0.05, fold-change > 1.5). 84 proteins changed in the same direction in both groups, and many changed in the same direction among proteins significant in at least one group (p < 0.0001,R2 = 0.62). In CAA(+) vessels, proteins significantly increased in both AD and MCI were particularly associated with collagen-containing extracellular matrix, while proteins associated with ribonucleoprotein complex were significantly decreased in both AD and MCI. In neighboring CAA(−) vessels, 61 proteins were differentially abundant in MCI, and 112 in AD when compared to Control cases. Increased proteins in CAA(−) vessels were associated with extracellular matrix, external encapsulating structure, and collagen-containing extracellular matrix in MCI; collagen trimer in AD. Twenty two proteins were increased in CAA(−) vessels of both AD and MCI. Comparison of the CAA proteome with published amyloid-plaque proteomic datasets identified many proteins similarly enriched in CAA and plaques, as well as a protein subset hypothesized as preferentially enriched in CAA when compared to plaques. SEMA3G emerged as a CAA specific marker, validated immunohistochemically and with correlation to pathology levels (p < 0.0001;R2 = 0.90). Overall, the CAA(−) vessel proteomes indicated changes in vessel integrity in AD and MCI in the absence of Aβ, and the CAA(+) vessel proteome was similar in MCI and AD, which was associated with vascular matrix reorganization, protein translation deficits, and blood brain barrier breakdown.
High-temperature boron partitioning and isotope fractionation between basaltic melt and fluid
Authors: Kommescher Sebastian , Marxer Felix , Pohl Florian , Horn Ingo , Holtz Francois , Almeev Renat , Marschall Horst , Weyer Stefan , Fonseca Raúl O. C.
Published: July 2024

In the last two decades, boron has gained significance as a geochemical tracer in mantle studies, particularly related to fluid-mediated processes. In our investigation, we explore how boron and its stable isotopes distribute between basaltic melt and hydrous fluid under conditions relevant to magmatic degassing in the shallow crust (1000–1250 °C, 150–250 MPa). We utilized a synthetic MORB-like composition with added boric-acid isotope standard (NIST-SRM951a) and additional trace elements, subjecting it to varying pressure, temperature, and melt-fluid ratios using an internally heated pressure vessel. The B isotope composition in the quenched glasses were determined through femtosecond laser ablation coupled to a multi-collector inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometer. Our experiments revealed that, even at the highest temperatures, boron strongly partitions into the fluid phase, accompanied by significant B isotope fractionation. This leads to an enrichment of the heavy B isotope in the fluid, with a constrained Δ11Bmelt-fluid range of -1.7 ± 0.9‰, consistent with ab-initio modeling results. These findings highlight the potential of B isotopes to trace geochemical processes at elevated temperatures with $${\Delta}^{11}{{B}}_{melt-fluid}=2.913-9.693\frac{{10}^{6}}{{{T}}^{2}}$$. Our results have implications for predicting the δ11B of degassed, water-bearing basaltic magmas and estimating the B isotope composition of their mantle source.
Exploring the relationship between accommodation and intraocular pressure: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ambrosini Giacomo , Poletti Silvia , Roberti Gloria , Carnevale Carmela , Manni Gianluca , Coco Giulia
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To investigate the relationship between accommodation and intraocular pressure (IOP).

Methods

Systematic literature search and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines was conducted on studies analyzing the relationship between accommodation and intraocular pressure. After removal of duplicates, title and abstract screening, full-text analysis was performed to select relevant articles and meta-analysis was then conducted as well.

Results

Of the 1357 records identified, 17 met the selection criteria and were included. Overall, all studies showed that accommodation can influence IOP levels and meta-analysis indicated a significant IOP reduction of 1.10 mmHg (95%CI, -1.77; -0.42) following accommodative stimulus in healthy individuals, albeit with high heterogeneity among studies. Differences in IOP changes between emmetropic and progressing myopic individuals were not significant. Controversial results were obtained in patients with glaucoma with significantly lower IOP fluctuations being noted in eyes with previous trabeculectomy; however, the clinical heterogeneity of enrolled patients among studies made it not possible to combine results. Type of accommodative task, extraocular muscle contraction, head and body position all could potentially play a role in the measured IOP changes with, interestingly, near reading on a smartphone suggesting IOP increase.

Conclusion

Accommodation has an impact on IOP measurements and, overall, determines IOP decrease in healthy individuals. While such variations might not hold clinical significance for individuals in good health, their impact in patients with glaucoma should be considered. Further studies focused on specific components of such relationship are required to elucidate their individual impact and to define their potential role as non-pharmacological strategies to reduce IOP levels in selected patient categories.
Measurement of surface electromyography activity during swallowing in paediatrics: a scoping literature review
Authors: Bykova Ksenia M.
Published: July 2024

Surface electromyography (sEMG) could be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in various health conditions. For example, sEMG biofeedback is shown to be beneficial in adults with swallowing disorders (dysphagia), whereas there are no easily identifiable studies to support such evidence in paediatrics. The current review aimed to evaluate the feasibility of implementing sEMG during swallowing tasks in paediatric populations with various diagnoses. Additionally, the review aimed to describe findings in publications involving participants with cerebral palsy (CP) and dysphagia. Paediatric-related publications were sourced using English keywords and phrases across the following seven databases: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. The search included all available publications without language and date restrictions. Publications using sEMG during chewing tasks were also accepted in the review as chewing is considered to be part of the act of swallowing. The feasibility of measuring sEMG during swallowing in children with various health conditions was supported by 116 publications (n = 6 literature reviews) that met the inclusion criteria for the final full-text review. However, a few publications described some difficulties occurring directly during the sEMG data collection sessions. The review identified 15 publications involving 177 participants with CP who underwent sEMG while swallowing (n = 1 publication focused solely on the assessment of chewing). Ten publications described studies that recruited children with dysphagia. Children with CP who had dysphagia were recruited in five of these studies.

Conclusions: The acquisition of sEMG measurements while performing swallowing tasks was shown to be feasible in children with various diagnoses including those who have CP and dysphagia. Future studies should investigate the implementation of sEMG as a part of paediatric dysphagia therapy alongside biofeedback swallowing skill training.

What is Known:• Surface electromyography (sEMG) could be implemented for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in various health conditions.• Biofeedback using sEMG is beneficial in adults with swallowing disorders (dysphagia).What is New:• Implementation of sEMG was shown to be feasible during swallowing tasks in paediatric populations with various diagnoses, including dysphagia and cerebral palsy.• The usage of sEMG biofeedback as a part of paediatric dysphagia management should be investigated in future studies.
Attitudes of the general population and mental health practitioners towards blended therapy in Austria
Authors: Mittmann Gloria , Steiner-Hofbauer Verena , Schrank Beate
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Mental health problems are steadily increasing worldwide. In Austria, the overall supply of mental health services is low, especially in rural areas. Mobile technology and a blended care approach have the potential to overcome problems with service provision. The aim of this study was to map the attitudes of practitioners and people living in Austria towards blended therapy.

Method

Two individual online questionnaires (including the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, advantages and disadvantages, useful features) were distributed to practitioners and the general population in Austria.

Results

The questionnaires were answered by 152 members of the general public and 129 practitioners. The general population and practitioners seem to be cautious, but slightly positive about blended therapy. Previous experience of practitioners with blended therapy was low. Practitioners are most worried about the therapeutic process and their work-life balance, while the general population is worried about being overwhelmed by the concept, mainly due to the time investment. Tracking, recording and reminding functions (e.g., for mood, homework) were seen as especially valuable features and accessibility was deemed the biggest advantage by both samples.

Conclusion

Practitioners’ attitudes are important for implementation of blended therapy. More awareness might help against the cautiousness as well as implementing digital health applications in Austrian health policies.
Microstructural BIB-SEM investigation of Upper Cretaceous Jordanian carbonate-rich oil shales bearing type II-S kerogen
Authors: Klaver J. , Grohmann S. , Gaus G. , Abu-Mahfouz I. S. , Patzek T. , Vahrenkamp V. , Urai J. L.
Published: July 2024

In this study, we use Broad Ion Beam polishing and Scanning Electron Microscopy (BIB-SEM) to characterize the microstructure of selected core samples of immature Upper Cretaceous carbonate-rich oil shales from Jordan and to link the observations to porosity and compositional and geochemical data. The aim of this study is to understand the distribution of pore space, primary organic matter, and organic sulfur on a sub-micron scale, particularly in carbonate- and silicate-dominated layers. The thermal maturity of these marine carbonate mudstone samples of pelagic origin was found to be influenced by the elevated sulfur contents in these Type II-S kerogen source rocks. This was confirmed through both organic geochemistry and BIB-SEM observations, which revealed high sulfur content. Porosity in the carbonate mudstone exists within foraminifera, and aggregates of microfossil fragments. Initially, these voids provided significant inter- and intra-particle porosity which were later filled by organic matter during diagenesis. This ‘mobile’ organic matter is interpreted as microscopic bitumen, which exists as a solid or highly viscous fluid at surface conditions. It is likely a residue of low-temperature (“early”) bitumen generation. By examining the samples before and after dichloromethane (DCM) extraction and subsequent BIB-SEM analyses, we observed that the specimens contained a significant amount of soluble organic matter (SOM), mostly present in the micropores associated with calcite. The microscopic solid bitumen is observed to remain stable even under various conditions, such as in vacuum oven conditions of 105 °C (24 h), or exposure to ultra-high vacuum, broad ion beam (heat > 70 °C) and an electron beam of 15 keV. This suggests that the solid bitumen acts as a solid at elevated temperatures and confining pressures (85 °C and 250 MPa), and its presence can lead to the buildup of significant fluid overpressures. Our observations indicate that the pores associated with calcite provide high storage capacity in the shales during the early stages of hydrocarbon generation. In contrast, it suggests that siliciclastic-rich samples are more prone to hydrofracturing as the (early) generated hydrocarbons cannot be expelled easily. These findings highlight the complex distribution and behavior of pore space, organic matter, and sulfur in shales, shedding light on their potential for hydrocarbon generation and storage.

Graphical abstract
Modeling solid-state reaction processes: application for the archaeometric study of potteries from Venus Fisica Temple in Pompeii (Italy)
Authors: Di Turo Francesca , De Vito Caterina , Coletti Fulvio , Doménech-Carbó Antonio
Published: July 2024

This research employs the voltammetry of immobilized microparticles (VIMP) methodology to analyze a collection of ceramic samples from the temple of Venus Fisica in the archaeological site of Pompeii. The primary objective is to discern their origins and manufacturing processes by the solid-state analysis of the electroactive properties of iron minerals, particularly hematite, extensively investigated for its electrochemical and catalytic characteristics. In our study, we propose a model to elucidate the electrochemical processes involved, building upon prior logistic and nucleation formulations. In this model, we consider the possibility of two superimposed pathways. This approach provides a nuanced understanding of composition changes and mineral crystallinity, factors that can induce significant variations in the voltammetric signal. Consequently, it becomes an effective means to discriminate between different provenances and manufacturing techniques of different potteries. The outcomes of this research contribute valuable insights into the intricate realm of ancient ceramic materials, casting light on their origins and production processes within the historical context of Pompeii.