bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre‐operative radio‐chemotherapy enhances apoptotic cell death in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Doi Rieko , Makino Takafumi , Adachi Hironobu , Ryoke Kazuo , Ito Hisao
Published: August 2010

The effect of pre‐operative radio‐chemotherapy (RCT) has been examined in a total of 15 oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), in terms of apoptosis (cell loss) and proliferation. All the patients received pre‐operative radiation at a dosage of 30 or 40 Gy, as well as anticancer agents including tagaful (FT), 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), bleomycin (BLM) and peplomycin (PEP). Surgical specimens were obtained before and after RCT, and serial sections were prepared for immunohistochemistry for p53 oncoprotein and Ki‐67 antigen, as well as for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL). TUNEL indices (TI; percentage of TUNEL‐positive cells in the tumor cells) before and after RCT were 1.2±1.1 and 4.7±2.9 in the nine well‐differentiated oral SCCs, and 1.0±0.7 and 3.9±2.1 in the six poorly differentiated SCCs, respectively. Similarly, Ki‐67 indices (KI; percentage of Ki‐67 antigen‐positive cells in tumor cells) before and after RCT were 31.1±14.2 and 15.8±11.1 in the former, and 37.1±7.8 and 8.7±13.4 in the latter, respectively. Thus, pre‐operative RCT enhanced apoptotic cell death and abated proliferative activity significantly (P < 0.05), regardless of histological differentiation. Enhancement of apoptosis was more prominent in the group treated with FT or 5‐FU than with BLM or PEP. Oral SCC with > 20% of nuclear p53‐positive tumor cells was noted in six cases. Enhanced TI and abadement of KI did not differ among the p53‐positive and ‐negative tumors.
The frequency of different T‐cell receptor V‐families in oral lichen planus and lichenoid contact lesions: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Bratel J. , Dahlgren U. , Mattsson C. Simark , Jontell M.
Published: August 2010

Oral lichen planus (OLP) and lichenoid contact lesions (CL) are recognized as different pathological conditions of the oral mucosa. Cutaneous delayed‐type hypersensitivity to mercury displayed by patients with CL but not by OLP patients supports the concept of different etiological mechanisms behind the two lesions. It is not possible to reveal this difference by histopathological assessments, and differences in clinical appearances are at present the only way to discriminate between the two conditions. It has recently been observed that T cells in OLP lesions express T‐cell receptors (TCR) belonging to the Vβ3 family in a higher frequency than expected from a random distribution, suggesting an involvement of superantigens as an etiologic factor behind this condition. In an effort to discriminate more clearly between OLP and CL, and to provide clues to the etiological mechanisms behind the two lesions, the TCR V‐family distributions in the inflammatory infiltrates of OLP and CL were compared. Biopsies were taken from 10 patients with manifest OLP and 10 patients with CL. Frozen sections were incubated with antibodies against TCR Vβ3, Vα2 and Vβ5a utilizing a standard immunoperoxidase technique. The frequency of Vβ3.1 (clone 8F10) was calculated as 7%, and for Vα2 less than 3%, and the results did not reveal any differences between OLP and CL regarding the frequencies of T‐cell V‐families. Thus, it was not possible to discriminate between OLP and CL by immunohistochemistry staining for different V families.
Overexpression of bcl‐2 protein inhibits terminal differentiation of oral keratinocytes in vitro
Authors: Harada Hidemitsu , Mitsuyasu Takeshi , Seta Yuji , Maruoka Yuka , Toyoshima Kuniaki , Yasumoto Shigeru
Published: August 2010

Harada H, Mitsuyasu T, Seta Y. Maruoka Y, Toyoshima K, Yasumoto S: Overexpression of bcl‐2 protein inhibits terminal differentiation of oral keratinocytes in vitro. J Oral Pathol Med 1998; 27: 11–7. © Munksgaard, 1998.

The bcl‐2 proto‐oncogene is a known inhibitor of apoptosis; in normal human stratified squamous epithelium, its expression is restricted to the basal cell layer. To investigate the functional role of bcl‐2 protein in the process of differentiation of oral keratinocytes, bcl‐2 expression vector was transfected into SCC‐25 cells, which normally undergo squamous cell differentiation in vitro while expressing specific differentiation markers, e.g., keratin 10/11 and involucrin. In bcl‐2 transfected SCC‐25 cells, the expression of these differentiation markers was markedly suppressed. The bcl‐2 proto‐oncogene may play a critical role in opposing the commitment to terminal differentiation and apoptosis of oral keratinocytes.
Ameloblastomas in cats: a critical evaluation of the literature and the addition of one example
Authors: Gardner David G.
Published: August 2010

Gardner DG: Ameloblastomas in cats: a critical evaluation of the literature and the addition of one example. J Oral Pathol Med 1998; 27: 39–42. © Munks‐gaard, 1998.

The English language literature on feline ameloblastomas was evaluated. Seven acceptable cases were found and one additional example is added in this article. These rare tumors have occurred in cats over the age of 6 years, affected both sexes, both jaws, and various breeds. Two microscopic variants have so far been reported, namely the follicular pattern and the keratinizing pattern, which is similar to the keratinizing ameloblastoma in dogs. Ameloblastomas in cats have been confused in the past with two other feline odontogenic tumors: the inductive fibro‐ameloblastoma (feline inductive odontogenic tumor) and the “calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor” (amyloid‐producing odontogenic tumor).
Proliferative activity in peripheral ossifying fibroma and ossifying fibroma
Authors: Mesquita Ricardo Alves , Orsini Suzana Catanhede , Sousa Machado , de Araujo Ney Soares
Published: August 2010

Mesquita RA, Sousa SCOM, Araujo NS: Proliferative activity in peripheral ossifying fibroma and ossifying fibroma. J Oral Pathol Med 1998; 27: 64–7. © Munksgaard, 1998.

A proliferative activity study analysing morphometric and quantitative aspects of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was conducted in 10 cases of peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) and 10 cases of ossifying fibroma (OF). For NOR identification, the silver staining technique (AgNOR technique) was used. PCNA expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining using the PC 10 antibody. The AgNOR analysis for the two lesions showed a profile characteristic of benign lesions. OF showed higher AgNOR number and PCNA expression than POF. Our results suggest increased proliferative activity in OF compared with POF.
HIV infection: oral lesions, CD4 + cell count and viral load in an ltalian study population
Authors: Margiotta V. , Campisi G. , Mancuso S. , Accurso V. , Abbadessa V.
Published: August 2010

The aims of this study were to assess types and prevalence of HIV‐related oral lesions and to correlate these lesions to the main laboratory parameters such as CD4+ cell count and plasma HIV‐RNA. The study population consisted of 104 consecutive HIV+ patients living in Sicily (M=67, 64.4%; F=37, 35.6%; median age=35 years). CD4+ cell count and viral load were measured within 24 h of oral examinations. Data were managed and analysed by Epi‐Info 6.0. HIV‐related oral lesions, as classified by the EC‐Clearinghouse, were diagnosed in 35.6% of patients: these were of the Strongly Associated (SA) type in 22.1%, the Less Common Associated (LCA) type in 12.5%, and the Lesions Seen in HIV Infection (LS) type in 3.8%. CD4+ cell counts <200x106/I were significantly associated only with SA lesions (P=0.03); median values of CD4+ cell count were also significantly correlated (P=0.02). Viral load, expressed both by median values of copies/ml (P=0.0001) and log10 copies/ml (P=0.0003), was significanly associated only with SA lesions. Treatment failure was significantly correlated to SA lesions (P=0.04). Besides the confirmed correlation with CD4 depletion, the strong association with a high level of viral load could make SA oral lesions a useful tool for identifying progression of HIV infection and could be of value in monitoring antiretroviral therapy.
Effect of alcohol on the oral mucosa assessed by quantitative cytomorphometry
Authors: Ogden G. R. , Wight A. J. , Rice P.
Published: August 2010

The effect of alcohol on the oral mucosa was assessed using quantitative cytomorphology applied to smears taken from clinically normal oral mucosa of patients attending an alcohol problem unit and results were compared to a control group (consisting of social and non‐drinkers) attending a hospital for routine dental care. Smears were stained using the Papanicolaou method and the nuclear and cell boundaries of 50 randomly selected cells traced and mean areas (NA and CA, respectively) calculated. The average number of units of alcohol consumed were recorded for each group together with relevant blood tests. The alcohol group was further subdivided into “binge” and “regular” drinkers. No significant differences were found between mean NA and mean CA values for these two types of alcohol drinkers, despite a marked difference in weekly units consumed. However, a statistically significant reduction in mean cytoplasmic area (P<0.001) and mean nuclear area (P<0.01) was found for the alcohol group when compared to controls. In conclusion, excess alcohol intake may influence results for quantitative oral cytomorphology. Further research is indicated on the relative effects of alcohol (both topical and systemic).
Identification of genetic aberrations in cell lines from oral squamous cell carcinomas by comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Okafuji Masaki , Ita Masamichi , Hayatsu Yoshikazu , Shinozaki Fumihiko , Oga Atsunori , Sasaki Kohsuke
Published: August 2010

We detected genetic alterations in 14 cell lines established from 14 human oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), which allows a comprehensive analysis of chromosomal imbalances and identification of nonrandom genetic aberrations specific to OSCCs. All cell lines showed gains and losses of DNA copy number. DNA losses were detected for chromosomes 18q (10/14) and 4q (9/14) with minimal overlapping regions of 18q 12–32 and 4q31‐qter, respectively. In contrast, the common sites for increased copy number were chromosomes 5p (12/14), 8q23‐ter (11/14), 20p (8/14), 20q (8/14), and 3q25‐ter (7/14). These results suggest that losses of 18q12–22 and 4q31‐ter and gains of 5p and 8q23‐ter play important roles in the development and/or progression of OSCC.
The upregulation of lysyl oxidase in oral submucous fibrosis and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Trivedy C. , Warnakulasuriya K. A. A. S. , Hazarey V. K. , Tavassoli M. , Sommer P. , Johnson N. W.
Published: August 2010

Lysyl oxidase (LO) takes part in the initial steps of converting soluble monomers of collagen and elastin into insoluble fibres in the extracellular matrix. We have studied the immunolocalization of LO as a marker of fibrogenesis in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Oral biopsies from 13 subjects with OSF, 6 with histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising in OSF and 10 SCC non‐related to OSF, were examined. Strong positive staining was observed in 7/13 OSF samples in the cytoplasmic processes of fibroblasts and extracellularly in the upper third of the lamina propria. Furthermore, LO was found to co‐localize in the areas stained strongly for collagen and elastin by histochemical stains. Examination of SCC tissues showed localization of LO adjacent to invading epithelial islands as evidence of a stromal reaction both in carcinomas arising from OSF and in SCC from non‐OSF cases. These findings suggest that upregulation of LO may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of OSF and in the early stromal reaction of oral cancer.
Clinical course of an antigen induced arthritis model in the rabbit temporomandibular joint
Authors: Tominaga Kazuhiro , Alstergren Per , Kurita Hiroshi , Kopp Sigvard
Published: August 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate clinical features of an antigen‐induced arthritis model in the rabbit temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and compare them to those in knee joint (KJ) arthritis. Eighteen adult male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into a TMJ arthritis group and a KJ arthritis group. Monoarthritis was induced unilaterally with ovalbumin and clinical observations, including joint swelling, skin surface temperature (SST) over the joints, and the withdrawal reflex threshold (WRT) to noxious pressure, were performed over a 3 week period. The joints were then evaluated histologically. The WRT was decreased during the 3 weeks after induction of TMJ arthritis, together with mild but significant joint swelling. The arthritic KJ also showed significant swelling and reduced WRT during the 3 week period. A significant increase of SST over the arthritic TMJ was present during the first week, while changes in SST over the KJ were inconsistent. The histological evaluation showed chronic arthritic features in all arthritic joints of both groups and no difference in the severity of arthritis was found between the TMJ and the KJ.
Low prevalence of clinicopathologic and sialographic changes in salivary glands of men with Sögren's syndrome
Authors: Saito Tohru , Sato Jun , Kondo Keiji , Horikawa Masa‐aki , Ohmori Kei‐ichi , Fukuda Hiroshi
Published: August 2010

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is uncommon in men and there are few reports that describe their clinical features. In the present study, we investigated salivary gland manifestations in men with SS and compared the results with those in women patients. This study included 12 men and 117 women with SS, and the mean stimulated parotid flow rate in men (4.1 ml/5 min, n=10) was higher than that of the women (3.1 ml/5 min, n=10). The prevalence of SS‐related sialographic findings, such as globular and punctate sialectasis, was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in men (3/11) than in women (72/117). The prevalence of grade 4 cases on labial salivary gland biopsy was also significantly (P < 0.01) lower in men (4/11) than in women (82/111). These results indicate a lower prevalence of SS‐related clinicopathologic and sialographic changes in men with SS than in women with the same condition.
No evidence for specific in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to HgCl2 in patients with dental amalgam‐related contact lesions
Authors: Loftenius A. , Skoglund A. , Ekstrand J. , Hovmark A. , Möller E.
Published: August 2010

Blood lymphocytes from 20 patients with oral contact lesions to dental amalgam and 10 healthy individuals were analyzed for HgCl2‐induced proliferation in vitro, using both a modified assay and a conventional assay. The release of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) was measured in cell supernatants. Six patients displayed positive reactions in patch tests to mercuric compounds. No significant differences were recorded in HgCl2‐induced proliferation in cells from patients and controls, since only few in the whole material responded to submitogenic concentrations. IFN‐γ was detectable in cell supernatants from some patients but also from controls and is not predictive of mercury allergy. Neither the phenotypes of peripheral lymphocyte subsets, the frequency of circulating cells expressing the interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) receptor, spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation nor concentrations of serum interleukin‐6 differed between patient and control samples. In contrast to what has been claimed before, we did not find any evidence for specific in vitro lymphocyte reactivity in patients with oral contact lesions.
Maxillofacial osteonecrosis in a patient with multiple “idiopathic” facial pains
Authors: Adams William R. , Spolnik Kenneth J. , Bouquot Jerry E.
Published: August 2010

Adams WR, Spolnik KJ, Bouquot JE: Maxillofacial osteonecrosis in a patient with multiple “idiopathic” facial pains. J Oral Pathol Med 1999; 28: 423–32. © Munksgaard, 1999.

Previous investigations have identified focal areas of alveolar bone tenderness, increased mucosal temperature, abnormal anesthetic response, radiographic abnormality, increased radioisotope uptake on bone scans, and abnormal marrow within the quadrant of pain in patients with chronic, idiopathic facial pain. The present case reports a 53‐year‐old man with multiple debilitating, “idiopathic” chronic facial pains, including trigeminal neuralgia and atypical facial neuralgia. At necropsy he was found to have numerous separate and distinct areas of ischemic osteonecrosis on the side affected by the pains, one immediately beneath the major trigger point for the lancinating pain of the trigeminal neuralgia. This disease, called NICO (neuralgia‐inducing cavitational osteonecrosis) when the jaws are involved, is a variation of the osteonecrosis that occurs in other bones, especially the femur. The underlying problem is vascular insufficiency, with intramedullary hypertension and multiple intraosseous infarctions occurring over time. The present case report illustrates the extreme difficulties involved in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Oral histoplasmosis associated with HIV infection: a comparative study
Authors: Hernández S. L. , López de Blanc S. A. , Sambuelli R. H. , Roland H. , Cornelli C. , Lattanzi V. , Carnelli M. A.
Published: August 2010

Objective:  Histoplasmosis is a granulomatous fungal disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. The objective of the present paper was to describe the prevalence of oral histoplasmosis (OH) in two services from an endemic area in Argentina between 1991 and 2002 and to compare the clinicopathological profile of OH between HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative patients.

Methods:  About 733 HIV+ (group A) and 14 260 patients (group B) were examined. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed by cytology, biopsy or culture.

Results:  About 21 (3%) and 10 (0.07%) cases of OH were diagnosed in group A and B respectively. Most patients were male. A total of 90% of patients in group A were <45 years old whereas 70% of group B were more than 45 years old. Palate, gingiva and oropharynx were the most frequent locations. The importance of including histoplasmosis in the differential diagnosis of ulcerated oral lesions in immunocompromised patients was discussed.
Extracellular glycosaminoglycan changes in healthy and overgrown gingiva fibroblasts after cyclosporin A and cytokine treatments
Authors: Stabellini G. , Calastrini C. , Mariani G. , Gioia M. , Caramelli E. , Gagliano N. , Dellavia C. , Moscheni C. , Vizzotto L. , Calvi E. M.
Published: August 2010

Background:  It has been demonstrated that cyclosporin A (CyA) blocks the immune system, acts on cytoskeleton and stimulates the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1). This cytokine, such as transforming growth factor‐α (TGF‐α), induces deposition of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), proteoglycans and collagen fibres in the ECM.

Methods:  In this work, we examined the effect induced by CyA, TGF‐β1 and TGF‐α on cultures of healthy and overgrown human gingival fibroblasts in order to evaluate the glycosaminoglycan, cytoskeletal changes and the behaviour of fibroblasts after concanavalin A (Con A) treatment. Moreover, we examined gingival biopsies by Alcian blue histochemical staining and electron transmission microscopy.

Results:  Total and extracellular sulphated GAG in overgrown gingiva specimens and in derived fibroblast cultures treated with CyA and cytokines were significantly higher than controls. The action of cytokines was increased (P ≤ 0.01) compared with CyA with a greater effect of TGF‐α in comparison with TGF‐β1; the electron microscopy showed ECM accumulation. The agglutinations showed the heterogeneity of fibroblast populations.

Conclusions:  Stimulation with Con A showed that the fibroblast population had cell surface heterogeneity, and could respond in a different way to both CyA and cytokine stimulus. Moreover, increased synthesis of GAG in overgrown gingiva compared with synthesis in normal fibroblasts before CyA treatment suggests a possible genetic origin of damage. As not all CyA‐treated patients develop gingival overgrowth, a genetic predisposition may explain the different responses of gingival fibroblast populations.
Clinical, pathological, cellular and molecular lesions caused by oral smokeless tobacco – a review
Authors: Warnakulasuriya K. A. A. S. , Ralhan R.
Published: August 2010

While carcinogenicity of smokeless tobacco (ST) to humans is well established the oral lesions that precede development of cancer are less well characterized. The clinical appearances of ST‐associated lesions are variable. Epidemiological studies show a strong significant association of risk with chronic daily use but population differences are noted because of various commercial products in use. Morphological features observed are some what different to oral lesions caused by smoking and oral dysplasia in ST‐associated lesions is less common. Effects of ST on oral keratinocytes observed in vitro include alterations in cell proliferation, apoptosis and activation of inflammatory markers. Genetic aberrations caused by ST include activation of ras, uncommon in smokers but mutational hot spots in p53 encountered are similar to those in smokers.
Mandibular canal variant: a case report
Authors: Wadhwani P. , Mathur R. M. , Kohli M. , Sahu R.
Published: August 2010

The mandibular canal transmits the inferior alveolar artery, vein and the inferior alveolar nerve. From an embryological perspective, there might be three inferior dental nerves innervating three groups of mandibular teeth. During rapid prenatal growth and remodeling in the ramus region there is spread of intramembranous ossification that eventually forms the mandibular canal. Occurrence of bifid/trifid mandibular canals in some patients is secondary to incomplete fusion of these three nerves. Various types of bifid mandibular canals have been classified according to anatomical location and configuration. This case report highlights an unusual variant of the mandibular canal.
Unsuspected small ameloblastoma in the alveolar bone: a collaborative study of 14 cases with discussion of their cellular sources
Authors: Ide F. , Mishima K. , Yamada H. , Horie N. , Saito I. , Shimoyama T. , Kusama K.
Published: August 2010

Background:  Intraosseous ameloblastoma (IA) is the quintessence of epithelial odontogenic tumor and histologically and behaviorally defined as an undoubted neoplastic process. Current information must lead to the consensus that IA arises from the embryologic inclusions of odontogenic epithelium within the jawbone. Nevertheless, clinically oriented evidence is limited to this day.

Methods:  The clinical and radiographic features, behavior, and pathology of 14 cases of small IA confined to the alveolar region were systematically examined.

Results:  Six cases were a chance finding. There was no gender predilection and half of the lesions clustered in middle age (>40 years). The posterior region of the mandible (n = 7) and the anterior segment of the maxilla (n = 4) were favored. Five radiographic characteristics were recognized: interradicular (n = 5) and periradicular (n = 3), and periapical, residual and pericoronal (n = 2 each). They showed solid (n = 12) or unicystic (n = 2) growth pattern and 12 lesions were divided into seven follicular, three desmoplastic, and two plexiform subtypes. The main location of tumor was microscopically traceable in six cases; three interradicular type outside the periodontal ligament space and two periradicular and one periapical variants inside.

Conclusion:  By in‐depth evaluation of the spatial relationship between tumor and its surrounding structure, the alveolar process, periodontal ligament space, and pericoronal area are all the likely starting points of IA. This report re‐awakens the oral pathologist to the histogenetic significance of incipient IA as the only available human specimen for reappraisal of their origin.
Detection of Notch signaling molecules in ameloblastomas
Authors: Kumamoto Hiroyuki , Ohki Kousuke
Published: August 2010

Background:  To evaluate the roles of Notch signaling in the oncogenesis and cytodifferentiation of odontogenic tumors, expression of Notch receptors and ligands was analyzed in ameloblastomas as well as in tooth germs.

Methods:  Tissue specimens of nine tooth germs and 32 ameloblastomas were examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and by in situ hybridization to determine the expression of Notch1, Notch2, Notch3, Delta1, and Jagged1.

Results:  mRNA expression of Notch1, Notch2, Notch3, Delta1, and Jagged1 was detected in all samples of normal and neoplastic odontogenic tissues. In tooth germs, Notch receptors were expressed in odontogenic epithelium (except for inner enamel epithelium), and expression of Notch ligands was lower in inner enamel epithelium than in other epithelial components. Odontogenic mesenchymal components were weakly reactive with these Notch signaling molecules. Ameloblastomas showed expression of Notch receptors and ligands in central polyhedral neoplastic cells. Notch2, Delta1, and Jagged1 were expressed in some neoplastic cells neighboring the basement membrane. Expression of Notch receptors and ligands was not found in keratinizing cells or granular cells in ameloblastoma variants. Stromal cells were weakly reactive with these Notch signaling molecules.

Conclusion:  Expression of Notch receptors and ligands in tooth germs and ameloblastomas suggests that Notch signaling might control cell differentiation and proliferation of normal and neoplastic odontogenic epithelium.
Yeast of the oral cavity is the reservoir of Heliobacter pylori
Authors: Salmanian Ali‐Hatef , Siavoshi Farideh , Akbari Fereshteh , Afshari Afsoon , Malekzadeh Reza
Published: August 2010

Background:  Frequent occurrence of Helicobacter pylori in the human gastrointestinal tract and its persistence due to unsuccessful antimicrobial therapy might be related to a stage in the life cycle of H. pylori in which the bacterium establishes itself as an intracellular symbiont in yeast. In this study, occurrence of non‐culturable H. pylori in the oral yeast was assessed by targeting vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA s1s2) and ureAB genes in the total DNAs of yeasts.

Methods:  DNAs were extracted from 13 oral yeasts in which bacterium‐like bodies, suspected to be H. pylori, were observed microscopically. Primers were recruited to amplify vacA s1s2 and ureAB genes. DNAs from H. pylori and E. coli were used as controls. The amplicons from one yeast and H. pylori were sequenced. Yeasts were identified as Candida albicans.

Results:  Fragments of vacA s1s2 and ureAB genes were amplified from 13 yeasts. The size of PCR products was 286 bp for vacA s1s2 gene and 406 bp for ureAB gene. Similar bands were obtained from the control H. pylori, and the results for E. coli were negative. The data from sequencing of PCR products showed about 98% homology between the genes amplified from yeast and those from H. pylori.

Conclusions:  The results of this study showed the intracellular occurrence of H. pylori in yeast. This endosymbiotic relationship might explain the persistence of H. pylori in the oral cavity, the consequence of which could be reinoculation of the stomach by the bacterium and spread of infection among human populations.
Apoptosis‐associated markers and clinical outcome in human oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Kato Koroku , Kawashiri Shuichi , Yoshizawa Kunio , Kitahara Hiroko , Yamamoto Etsuhide
Published: August 2010

Background:  Apoptosis is a genetically regulated cell death involved in the deletion of cells in normal or malignant tissues. Proteins of the Bcl‐2 family play a key role in the control of apoptosis and carry out both pro‐apoptotic and anti‐apoptotic functions. The present study evaluated the prognostic value of Bcl‐2 and Bax expression at the invasive front of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), taking clinicopathological findings into account.

Methods:  Fifty‐six specimens of OSCC were randomly selected, and Bcl‐2 and Bax expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded pre‐treated specimens at the invasive front of OSCC. Clinicopathological data were gathered and patient survival was analysed.

Results:  No significant relationship was found between Bcl‐2 or Bax expression and clinical variables. Patients with Bcl‐2 expression had a worse prognosis than those without Bcl‐2 expression, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Patients with Bax expression had a significantly better prognosis than those without Bax expression (P < 0.05). In univariate analyses, T category, mode of cancer invasion and Bax expression showed significant correlations. Multivariate analysis revealed that the mode of cancer invasion and Bax expression were significant and independent variables. Bax expression was found to be the strongest independent prognostic parameter. Patients with negative Bcl‐2 expression and positive Bax expression had a significantly better prognosis (P < 0.005).

Conclusion:  We suggest that Bax expression at the invasive front of OSCC is a significant predictor of prognosis and that it is therefore important to investigate the expression of Bcl‐2 and Bax in this disease.
Detection of HPV in mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathologic variables, risk factors and survival
Authors: Simonato L. E. , Garcia J. F. , Sundefeld M. L. M. M. , Mattar N. J. , Veronese L. A. , Miyahara G. I.
Published: August 2010

The human papillomavirus (HPV) has been historically associated with head and neck cancers, although its role in oral carcinogenesis remains poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HPV in mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma and correlate it with clinicopathologic variables, risk factors and survival. HPV presence was evaluated by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) in 29 paraffin‐embedded specimens of mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma. HPV DNA was detected in 17.2% (5 of 29) of the specimens; the highest prevalence was observed in non‐smoking patients over the age of 60 years. All HPV DNA positive specimens were detected in men with clinical stage III and IV lesions, being most of which were moderately differentiated. Despite this correlation there were no statistically significant differences observed among the analyzed variables, including patients’ survival. The relatively low incidence of HPV DNA present in these tumors suggests that this virus does not, by itself, have a significant role in the development of mouth floor squamous cell carcinoma.
Molecular markers in the surgical margin of oral carcinomas
Authors: Bilde Anders , Von Buchwald Christian , Dabelsteen Erik , Therkildsen Marianne Hamilton , Dabelsteen Sally
Published: August 2010

Background:  Local or regional lymph node recurrence is the most common pattern of treatment failure in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The local recurrence rate is 30% even when the surgical resection margin is diagnosed as tumour free. Accumulation of genetic changes in histologically normal epithelium in the surgical resection margin may explain the local recurrence rate. The purpose of this study is to investigate the presence of senescence markers, which may represent early malignant changes in the margin that in routine pathological evaluations are classified as histologically normal.

Methods:  Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded surgical specimens from 16 consecutive patients with oral SCC and a clear surgical margin were obtained. The margin was analysed by immunohistochemistry for p53, p16, Chk2, Laminin‐5 and glycosylated oncofetal fibronectin.

Results:  Two patterns of p53 expression were found in the histologically normal epithelium in the surgical resection margin. One was characterized by no protein expression in the majority of cells, except for small clusters of basal and parabasal cells with nuclear staining. The other was characterized by p53 expression in the nuclei of most basal cells. The expression of p16 was confined to small groups of cells in the basal cell layer whereas Chk2 was only seen in one case. Upregulation of the stromal proteins, Laminin‐5 or glycosylated oncofetal fibronection, was only seen at regions of invasion.

Conclusion:  Small groups of cells expressing p53 and p16 were found in the surgical resection margin that appeared to be histologically normal and may represent early malignant changes.
Oral manifestations of HIV infection in adult patients from the province of Sancti Spiritus, Cuba
Authors: Carpio Emilio , López Vania , Fardales Vicente , Benítez Iralys
Published: August 2010

Background:  Studies on the prevalence of HIV‐related oral lesions (HIV‐OL) have shown great variations among different countries. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of HIV‐OL in adults infected with HIV in the province of Sancti Spiritus, Cuba, and to determine the factors associated with the presence of HIV‐OL.

Methods:  A cross‐sectional observational study was performed between November 2006 and August 2007 at the Hospital General Universitario ‘Camilo Cienfuegos’, Sancti Spiritus. One hundred and fifty‐four HIV‐infected patients were included. Patients were examined and interviewed by a periodontal specialist. Diagnosis of HIV‐OL was based on clinical criteria. Demographical, clinical and laboratory data were obtained. Independent association of each factor with HIV‐OL was assessed by logistic regression modelling.

Results:  The prevalence of HIV‐OL was 40.9%. The commonest manifestation was oral hairy leucoplakia (n = 19; 12.3%); oral candidiasis (n = 17; 11%); herpes simplex virus infection (n = 11; 7.4%); and aphthous ulcer (n = 9; 5.8%). Principal factors associated with the presence of HIV‐OL were CD4+ lymphocytes <500 cells/mm3 (OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.019–4.195) and smoking (OR: 2.03 CI: 1.037–3.982).

Conclusion:  This study described the prevalence of HIV‐OL in 154 HIV‐infected patients which represent about 80% of those known to be infected in the province of Sancti Spiritus. The prevalence of HIV‐OL was lower than those reported from developing countries. Oral hairy leucoplakia and oral candidiasis were the most prevalent HIV‐OL. Smoking and CD4+ cells count <500 cells/mm3 were the two factors independently associated with the presence of HIV‐OL.
Current empirical research in neonatal bioethics
Authors: Swinton Cameron H , Lantos John D
Published: August 2010

Ethical dilemmas in neonatology can be analysed using both the theoretical tools of analytic philosophy and the empirical tools of clinical epidemiology and health services research. Both yield important insights into ways to think about the ethical issues that arise in clinical neonatology. In this paper, we review recent empirical research in neonatal bioethics. Studies published in the last 5 years shed light on issues that arise in prenatal consultation, prognostication, outcomes, quality‐of‐life and cost‐effectiveness in neonatal intensive care. These studies show ways in which doctors vary in their decisions from country to country, hospital to hospital and for babies and children with different conditions but similar prognoses. Empirical research in bioethics can answer questions about what doctors and parents think and do. It does not answer questions about what they ought to do.

Conclusion:  Good ethics starts with good facts, even if good facts are not sufficient to get us to good ethics.
FUNCTIONAL ALTERATIONS INDUCED BY CHLÓRPROMAZINE IN MONONUCLEAR BLOOD CELLS CULTURED IN VITRO
Authors: Ødegaard Arne
Published: August 2010

The effect of Chlorpromazine (CPZ), a membrane active drug, on the morphology and function of blood monocytes and lymphocytes cultured in vitro, was studied. The experiments indicate that CPZ exhibits a strong and dose dependent effect on cell membrane functions like cell adhesiveness and phagocytosis of radiolabelled Candida particles. A biphasic effect was found on the attachment of cells at culture start and on the attachment/engulfment of particles in the cultured cells. Low drug concentrations were found to increase adhesiveness while higher concentrations caused cell lysis. Chlorpromazine in lytic concentrations decreased the intracellular digestion of Candida particles. Small drug concentrations did not appear to influence the digestion of particles as observed morphologically, but a decreased release of metabolized 125Todine to the medium was found, suggesting a stabilization of the cell membrane, with reduced transfer of the digested material to the medium.
APPEARANCE OF ACID PHOSPHATASE STAINING IN SENSITIZED LYMPHOID CELLS DURING THEIR LYSIS OF ALLOGENEIC FIBROBLASTS
Authors: Poulsen Poul Brix , Güttler Flemming , Jørgensen Peer Nobert
Published: August 2010

Immune spleen cells or activated thymus cells were incubated with appropriate 51Cr‐labelled target fibroblasts. The interaction of lymphoid cells and target cells was stopped by fixation in formalin vapour. Target cell lysis was evaluated by the release of 51Cr and the cultures were stained for acid phosphatase activity by the simultaneous capture technique, using naph‐thol AS‐BI phosphoric acid and Fast red‐violet LB salt. The sensitized lymphoid cells aggregated around cultured donor‐type fibroblasts within a 4‐hour incubation period and staining for acid phosphatase activity appeared in the lymphocytes. The reaction was immuno‐logically specific, as staining was observed only in the immune spleen cells or activated thy‐mocytes incubated with target cells possessing the allo‐antigens to which the cell donor was sensitized. Specific adsorption on fibroblast monolayers syngeneic, but not allogeneic, to the H‐2 allo‐antigens against which the thymus cells were activated, reduced both the specific release of 51Cr from labelled target cells and the number of thymus cells staining for acid phosphatase activity. Acid phosphatase staining and cytolytic activity were reduced in lymphocyte‐target cell cultures incubated in the presence of prednisolone or heparin. A significant correlation was found between target cell lysis and number of acid phosphatase‐positive spleen cells in relation to time of interaction and lymphocyte: target cell ratio.
A MONOCLONAL IgM WITH SPECIFIC ANTIBODY REACTIVITY AGAINST KLEBSIELLA SERO‐TYPES 12 AND 13
Authors: Eriksen Jorunn , Harboe Morten , Deverili Johanna
Published: August 2010

Monoclonal IgM from the human macroglobulinaemia serum Ra showed antibody activity against type specific polysaccharide from Klebsiella type 12 and type 13. The same IgM‐molecule precipitated both polysaccharides. Cross‐reaction between these two Klebsiella types has not been reported previously. It could also be demonstrated with rabbit hyperimmune sera by the passive haemagglutination reaction, but not by gel precipitation or capsular swelling.
MIGRATION INHIBITORY FACTOR (MIF) AND THE HUMAN MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (MHC)
Authors: Stenbjerg S. , Mygind K.
Published: August 2010

MIF assay was performed on cell free supernatants from mixed leucocyte cultures (MLC) between 1) HL‐A identical siblings, 2) HL‐A haploidentical related persons, and 3) HL‐A unidentical, unrelated persons. It was found that 1) MLCs between HL‐A identical siblings produced no MIF, 2) HL‐A haploidentical related combinations released 1/3–1/4 the amount of MIF as compared to HL‐A unidentical, unrelated combinations. It was concluded that the release of MIF in MLC is governed by the MHC chromosomal region and that estimation of MIF quantities produced in MLC may be of value in histocompatibility testing. Mitomycin C treated MLCs released MIF indicating that MIF production in the MLC is independent of DNA synthesis.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON CHOLERA IMMUNIZATION
Authors: Svennerholm A.‐M. , Holmgren J. , Ouchterlony Ö.
Published: August 2010

Immunodiffusipn studies demonstrated 7–8 precipitinogenic factors in strains of Vibrio cholerae, almost all of which were shared by bacteria of the Inaba and the Ogawa serotype. The endo‐. toxin was shown to contain type‐specific as well as cross‐reactive (group‐specific) precipitinogenic determinants. Quantitative inhibition studies by several techniques showed, however, that both homologous and heterologous endotoxin (purified lipopolysaccharide, LPS, with 10–15 per cent nonseparable protein) could give complete antibody inhibition, but for the same degree of inhibition 3‐ to 43‐fold more of the heterologous than of the homologous LPS was needed. By affinity chromatography using columns with LPS coupled to Sepharose beads, it was possible to purify antibodies against V. cholerae LPS and to separate the antibodies against the group‐specific and the type‐specific endotoxin determinants. Studies by the small bowel loop technique in rabbits showed that antisera and purified anti‐endotoxin antibodies protected against both homologous and serotype heterologous experimental cholera. Antibodies to the type‐specific endotoxin determinant protected only against homologous infection, whereas the purified group‐specific antibodies gave increased resistance against infection with both Inaba and Ogawa bacteria. Subcutaneous immunization of rabbits with formalin‐killed vibrios induced a significant level of immunity against homologous infection. Some protection against the heterologous serotype was also observed, which however, was of less magnitude than the homologous immunity.
INFLUENCE OF METHYLPREDNISOLONE AND AZATHIOPRINE ON ANTIBACTERIAL SERUM ACTIVITIES AND LEUCOCYTES IN CONVENTIONAL RATS
Authors: Baardsen A.
Published: August 2010

Conventional rats were treated parenterally with high doses of methylprednisolone and/or azathioprine for 21 days. The influence on bactericidal and opsonic activities of serum against 32P‐labelled E. coli as well as on the number of circulating PMN and lymphocytes was evaluated. Methylprednisolone induced neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, and reduced the bactericidal activity of serum in one of two strains of rats investigated. Azathioprine induced neutropenia, but did not alter the serum activities studied, except when the dose approximated LD50. The combination of drugs neither altered the blood counts nor the serum activities studied.
ANTIGENICITY OF HUMAN IgM IN RELATION TO INTERACTION WITH STAPHYLOCOCCAL PROTEIN A
Authors: Grov A.
Published: August 2010

Antibodies to protein A reactive and non‐reactive human IgM proteins were produced in rabbits. Serological examinations revealed antigenic determinant(s) of the protein A reactive IgM not present on the non‐reactive IgM. Isolated antibodies to this determinant(s) were shown to be capable of inhibiting interaction with protein A. Three IgM preparations from different pools of normal human sera were all found to contain protein A reactive fractions. The observed difference in protein A reactivity points to an isotype or subclass deviation of human IgM.
PRESENCE OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN‐CONTAINING PLASMA CELLS IN TONSILS FROM TONSILLECTOMIZED CHILDREN
Authors: Østergaard Poul Aabel
Published: August 2010

Immunofluorescence investigations of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE plasma cells in tonsil biopsies from 52 children, most of whom were suffering from chronic tonsillitis and frequent acute exacerbations of tonsillitis, are presented. The most prominent finding was a lack of IgE fluorescing plasma cells in 60 per cent of patients. IgA plasma cells were absent in 30 per cent of the patients and in 25 per cent IgA as well as IgE plasma cells were absent.;
ACUTE DISSEMINATED PHYCOMYCOSIS IN A PATIENT WITH IMPAIRED NEUTROPHIL GRANULOCYTE FUNCTION
Authors: BRUUN JOHAN N. , SOLBERG CLAUS O. , HAMRE ERIK , JR CARL J. JANSSEN , THUNOLD SVEIN , EIDE JOHAN
Published: August 2010

A 13‐year‐old girl with no previously known predisposing disease developed phycomycosis involving the left lung, pleura and shoulder, the left side of the neck, the left thigh, the kidney sand the brain. Prolonged amphotericin B therapy resulted in clinical improvement, but the disease was wide‐spread when the patient died 5 months after debut of symptoms from a subarachnoid haemorrhage due to fungal destruction of the basilar artery. During hospitalization, a marked reduction in the bactericidal activity of circulating neutrophil granulocytes was repeatedly demonstrated and the endotoxin stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium test was negative. Together with the demonstration of granuloma formation and the accumulation of lipid‐laden histiocytes in the spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow and the thymus, these findings indicate that the patient had a less severe form of chronic granulomatous disease.
TRANSPLANTATION OF HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE TO NUDE MICE
Authors: BACH‐MORTENSEN NIELS , RØMERT PAUL , BALLEGAARD SØREN
Published: August 2010

Human adipose tissue was transplanted to the mouse mutant nude (nu/nu). All the grafts were accepted and contained fat cells easily distinguishable from those of the mouse. No detectable relation between the histological pictures before and after grafting was found. In some transplants nerve tissue, and in others macrophages containing fat droplets, were found. The fattissue graft might be useful for investigation of the influence of various hormones on human fat cells.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREGNANCY, HCS AND B LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: CHRISTIANSEN J. SANDAHL , ANDERSEN A. RENARD , OSTHER K. , PEITERSEN B. , BACH‐MORTENSEN N. , LEBECH P. E.
Published: August 2010

The quantitative distribution of the lymphocyte subpopulations (B, T and null) and the serum concentrations of Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin (HCS), immunoglobulins IgG, IgM and IgA, complement component C4 and C1 inactivator, were estimated in venous blood samples from 32 women at various stages of pregnancy and compared with a control series of 7 non‐pregnant normal women. A significant decline in the B cell percentage during pregnancy was seen. The fall in the percentage of the B lymphocytes was found to be concomitant with the rise in HCS concentration. No significant changes in the other parameters studied were present.
THE CYTOTOXICITY OF SPECIFICALLY SENSITIZED LYMPHOCYTES FROM MOUSE STRAINS OF VARYING H‐2 SPECIFICITIES ON LCM VIRUS‐INFECTED L CELLS
Authors: MARKER OLE , ANDERSEN GRETHE THÖRNER
Published: August 2010

During an LCM virus infection in mice, cytotoxic T lymphocytes appear to be directed against target cells infected with the virus. This cytotoxic reaction is restricted by the H‐2 histocompatibility between effector and target cells. To analyse this restriction, the cytotoxic effect of in vivo sensitized spleen cells from mice of various H‐2 specificities on LCM virus‐infected L cells (H‐2k) was studied in vitro. When spleen cells from strains identical with C3H (H‐2k) and L cells at the K as well as at the D locus were used as effector cells, the degree of lysis was of the same order as that obtained by C3H effector cells, whereas strains different at both loci did not respond significantly. The A/J and B10A strains, both identical with the L cells at the K locus but different at the D locus, gave low or moderate responses. C3H‐H‐2°lymphocytes, identical with the targets at the D but not at the K locus, showed high degrees of cytotoxicity although the level obtained by strains histocompatible with L cells at both loci was never reached. Effector cells from the F1 hybrids C3H/HeJ × BALB/c and C3H/HeJ × DBA both responded poorly in spite of the fact that one of their haplotypes carries the same marker loci as the L cells. This finding is in contrast with that obtained in other laboratories where the LCM virus system and other systems were studied. A point is made of the design and the evaluation of the experiments.
IMMUNOLOGICAL IN VITRO PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND IN NORMAL INDIVIDUALS
Authors: PLATZ P. , FOG T. , MORLING N. , SVEJGAARD A. , SONDERSTRUP G. , RYDER L. P. , THOMSEN M. , JERSILD C.
Published: August 2010

The general immunological capacity of 40 patients with multiple sclerosis has been evaluated with lymphocyte transformation test including both mitogens (PHA and PWM) and antigens (PPD, Candida albicans, Staph. aureus and E. coli). Determination of T and B cells was performed by E‐, EAC‐rosetting and immunofluorescence for surface immunoglobulins. Compared with the results obtained in 42 normal individuals only minor differences were found.