bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small Patches of Riparian Woody Vegetation Enhance Biodiversity of Invertebrates
Authors: Forio Marie Anne Eurie , De Troyer Niels , Lock Koen , Witing Felix , Baert Lotte , Saeyer Nancy De , Rîșnoveanu Geta , Popescu Cristina , Burdon Francis J. , Kupilas Benjamin , Friberg Nikolai , Boets Pieter , Volk Martin , McKie Brendan G. , Goethals Peter
Published: November 2020

Patches of riparian woody vegetation potentially help mitigate environmental impacts of agriculture and safeguard biodiversity. We investigated the effects of riparian forest on invertebrate diversity in coupled stream-riparian networks using a case study in the Zwalm river basin (Flanders, Belgium). Agriculture is one of the main pressures in the basin and riparian forest is limited to a number of isolated patches. Our 32 study sites comprised nine unshaded “unbuffered” sites which were paired with nine shaded “buffered” sites on the same stream reach, along with five ‘least-disturbed’ sites and nine downstream sites. We sampled water chemistry, habitat characteristics and stream and riparian invertebrates (carabid beetles and spiders) at each site. Three methods were used to quantify riparian attributes at different spatial scales: a visually-assessed qualitative index, quantitative estimates of habitat categories in six rectangular plots (10 × 5 m) and geographic information system (GIS)-derived land cover data. We investigated relationships between invertebrates and riparian attributes at different scales with linear regression and redundancy analyses. Spiders and carabids were most associated with local riparian attributes. In contrast, aquatic macroinvertebrates were strongly influenced by the extent of riparian vegetation in a riparian band upstream (100–300 m). These findings demonstrate the value of quantifying GIS-based metrics of riparian cover over larger spatial scales into assessments of the efficacy of riparian management as a complement to more detailed local scale riparian assessments in situ. Our findings highlight the value of even small patches of riparian vegetation in an otherwise extensively disturbed landscape in supporting biodiversity of both terrestrial and freshwater invertebrates and emphasize the need to consider multiple spatial scales in riparian management strategies which aim to mitigate human impacts on biodiversity in stream-riparian networks.
The media landscape of the Republic of Honduras
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, VODOLAZSKY Bogdan Igorevich
Published: November 2020

Journalists live in a lack of job security, which means they have to fight for a limited number of jobs. Many of them work for local and regional media that criticize the coup and at the same time for large media networks that sympathize with the government. For this reason, journalists must adapt their language to self-censorship and provide information in accordance with the media for which they work. Working conditions outside of large cities are especially critical. Journalists' organizations are weak and subservient to the authorities. Honduran journalists establish fear and self-doubt as a way of life.
Ecological aspects of biological function of agroecosystems
Authors:   Belgorod Federal Agricultural Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Smirnova L.G. , Mikhailenko I.I. ,   Belgorod Federal Agricultural Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Evdokimenkova M.I. ,   Belgorod Federal Agricultural Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kuvshinova A.A. ,   Belgorod Federal Agricultural Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2020

he main goal of the study is to optimize the ratio of high potential productivity of winter wheat, environmental sustainability and environmental improvement functions at the level of the variety, agrocenosis, agroecosystem and agrolandscape. Research has been conducted since 2017 in a field experiment organized on the basis of an adaptive landscape approach. It was deployed on the plakor and slope of the southern exposure in parts 1-3° and 3-5°. The object of the research – varieties ‘Veselka’, ‘Synthetics’, and ‘Ariadna’ created in the Laboratory of breeding and seed production of winter wheat of Belgorod Federal Agricultural Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The ‘Almera’ variety was taken as the standard. The soil cover is represented by typical Chernozem. To improve the productivity of agricultural crops in conditions of slope agrolandscapes, it is advisable to choose and place the variety according to the selected microzone. It is necessary to cultivate the varieties at the specific plots of arable land with the most optimal parameters for the complex orographic, climatic and edaphic conditions for this variety, and in which plants will be able to give the highest yield. Thus, in plakor, it is advisable to give preference to cultivating ‘Ariadna’ and ‘Veselka’ varieties (6.2-6.3 t/ha). For slope microzones, the ‘Synthetics’ variety (4.4-5.3 t/ha) is well suited. The presented set of varieties gave stable yield in difficult conditions of erosive agricultural landscapes, thus can be considered as an innovative development in crop production.
Symbiotic efficiency of nodule bacteria strains on legumes
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Didovich S.V. , Alekseenko O.P. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Pas' A.N. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea
Published: November 2020

Nowadays, ecologization is one of the important tasks for agriculture. Microbiological preparations based on nodule bacteria application in agriculture is a significant part of organic crop production. Symbiotic efficiency of 13 nodule bacteria strains from the Crimean collection of microorganisms of the FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” (http://www.ckp- rf.ru/usu/507484/) was studied in our research. In laboratory conditions, we established that four strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae and five strains of Bradуrhizobium japonicum have high symbiotic efficiency to Pisum sativum L., Lathyrus sativus L., Glycinе max L.(Merr.). These strains are recommended for identifying highly effective ones to modern cultivars of these legumes in the conditions of the steppe zone of Crimea.
Efficiency of microbial preparations on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in the steppe Crimea
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Ptashnik O.P.
Published: November 2020

One of the most important requirements for Cicer arietinum L. yield improvement and general harvest volumes increasing in the region is the development and implementation of new technologies in agricultural production (Ptashnik O.P., 2017; Petrova G.V., 2018). The major goal of our research was to study the effect of microbial preparations of polyfunctional action in the technology of chickpea cultivation. The research results have shown that the productivity indicators of chickpea plants increased in variants with microbial preparations, i.e. the number of grains per plant by 1-8 pcs. or by 3.7-29.6%; the mass of grains from the plant – by 0.6-2.8 g or 8.5-39.4%; grain size (1000- grain weight) – by 3.4-6.1%. The yield also increased. Thanks to bacterization, this indicator was 0.09-0.2 t/ha or 5.3-11.9% higher. All variants of bacterization showed a significant yield increase. The most effective was the variant of treatment with polyfunctional preparation of the rhizobial- technological complex (RTC) 10; in this case, we obtained the highest yield (1.87 t/ha). Analysis of economic efficiency confirms the effectiveness and feasibility of this preparation. The profitability of Cicer arietinum L. growing increases by 1.36 times. The results obtained indicate that the use of seed bacterization with polyfunctional preparation in growing technology of Cicer arietinum L. makes it possible to increase the yield and gross yield of this crop without significant production costs.
Application of micromycete (Humicola fuscoatra) to accelerate the decomposition of grain crops straw
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar named after A.L. Mazlumov, Cherepukhina I.V. , Kolesnikova M.V. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar named after A.L. Mazlumov, Bezler N.V. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar named after A.L. Mazlumov, Gromovik A.I. ,   Voronezh State University, Gorbunova N.S. ,   Voronezh State University, Khatuntseva Yu.Yu. ,   Voronezh State University
Published: November 2020

One of the ways to maintain soil fertility is to use organic fertilizers. One of them can be straw of cereal crops (winter wheat and barley). However, the process of its decomposition can be delayed for several years. It is possible to accelerate the transformation process by using the native strain of cellulosolytic micromycete (Humicola fuscoatra VNIISS 016). Its introduction together with straw before plowing stabilizes agrophytocenosis. The experiments were carried out in laboratory under simulated conditions close to field ones. Scheme of the experiment: 1. Straw; 2. Straw + N (40 mg/4 g, which corresponds to 40 kg/ha); 3. Straw + N + H. fuscoatra + PC (nutritional supplement – molasses) (Kolesnikova M.V., 2014). As a result of the studies, it was established that winter wheat straw without additional components lost 0.86 g in weight (from the initial 4 g), 1.03 g when adding nitrogen fertilizer to the straw, and 1.49 g when using H. fuscoatra. We found that the addition of nitrogen to the straw stimulate the process of its transformation. Straw with nitrogen decompose faster than straw without any additives (by 41.5%). However, the addition of the native strain of micromycete accelerate the process by 48.3%. Barley straw lost 0.82 g in weight, straw with nitrogen fertilizer lost 1.06 g, straw and H. fuscoatra – 1.13 g. Further, the decomposition rate increased in the following row: straw → straw + N, where the speed was 26.7% higher → straw + N + H. fuscoatra, the decomposition rate is – 85.3% higher.
Study of the development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the saline soils of Crimea
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Abdurashytov S.F. , Puzanova E.V. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea,   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Gritsevich K.S. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Zubochenko A.A. ,   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Zakharova V.K. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: November 2020

It is known that arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi are able to mitigate the effect of various negative environmental factors on plants. Therefore, the aim of our research was to determine the most active AM fungi populations in saline soils of the Crimean Peninsula to select stress-resistant isolates. The spores were isolated by wet sieving. Mycorrhization was visualized by staining with black ink and studied quantitatively under a stereomicroscope. In 2019, 15 soil-plant samples from 4 locations of the salinity soils were sampled: Lake Achi (AB) and the nearby agrocenosis (PAB), Koyashskoye (KO), Kirkoyashskoye (PKP) and agrocenosis near it (KP), Chokrak (CH). The highest content of chlorine anions (119.5 mg) and bicarbonate anions (610.0 mg) was noted in the area near Lake Kirkoyashskoye. The smallest salinity was observed at arable land KP (8.5 and 229.0 mg). Plowing led to a decrease in the number of AM fungi spores in the studied sections of PAB by 80.3% and KP by 47.6% compared with the AB and PKP. The frequency of occurrence and the intensity of mycorrhizal colonization in plant roots on the shores of Lakes Achi and Kirkoyashskoye were 70.0-72.3% and 28.0-43.9%, while the same for the plowing areas around them were lower by 28.5-54.1% and 18.0-32.2%, respectively. In our study, there was no strict correlation between the number of spores and the estimated environmental conditions. Soil-plant samples and the spores isolated from them were used as inoculums for obtaining new AM fungal isolates with a stress resistance property.
Brassica nigra in the steppe Crimea
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Rostova E.N.
Published: November 2020

The expansion of the oilseeds adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the steppe Crimea will increase the biodiversity on the peninsula and, therefore, maximize the efficient use of its natural potential. Brassica nígra is an insufficiently studied crop under the conditions of the Crimean steppe zone. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the biological characteristics, seed productivity, and yield quality indicators of some varieties of Brassica nígra in the aforementioned environmental conditions. We studied two varieties of Brassica nígra namely ‘Niagara’ and ‘Smuglyanka’ under rain-fed conditions without any fertilizers. Preceding crop – winter wheat. Cultivation technology – generally accepted. The growing season of ‘Niagara’ variety was 4-7 days shorter than that of ‘Smuglyanka’. This difference was due to the late emergence of seedlings. However, all the following stages of growth and development took place almost simultaneously. In 2017-2019, ‘Niagara’ variety gave the highest yield (0.45 t/ha) exceeding ‘Smuglyanka’ by 0.15 t/ha. The maximum content of fatty oil was in the ‘Niagara’ seeds – 39.3%; ‘Smuglyanka’ contained 24.7%. The main advantage of ‘Niagara’ – high content of essential oil in the seeds (0.96%), which is 3.7 times higher than in the seeds of the ‘Smuglyanka’ variety.
Seed productivity of Allium stipitatum (Alliaceae) in cultural conditions (Tajikistan)
Authors:   Innovation Center for biology and medicine of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Sattarov D.S. , Murodov Sh.S. ,   National Republican Center for Genetic Resources of the Tajik Academy of Agricultural
Published: November 2020

This article presents the results of studying the plant introduction and the possibility of cultivation of Persian shallot – Allium stipitatum Regel. This plant is popularly used in pickled and salt form for the preparation of various salads, because of which it is classified as an endangered species and is listed in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Tajikistan. Studies on the seed productivity of domesticated Persian shallot were carried out in 2017- 2019 on the territory of experimental plots of the National Republican Center of the Genetic Resources of the Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Gissar Valley), which is located in the northern part of Rudaki district at an altitude of 730 m above sea level. It was established that the average number of fruits is 250 ± 15.7 pcs; the number of fruit set is 210 pcs; the total number of seeds is 809 pcs per fruit. When compared with the natural growing conditions (Gajne area), it turned out that the seed productivity of Persian shallot under natural conditions is averagely 16.7% - 24.5% higher than in the Rudaki district (Gissar Valley). As a result of the studies, it was found that it is necessary to choose areas with natural protection from sunlight (protective forest belts or stool beds) to create more favorable conditions in the first years of adaptation of Persian shallot in the Rudaki district.
Reaction of micromycetes of leached chernozem on the application of different forms of nitrogen fertilizers
Authors:   Voronezh State University, Stakhurlova L.D. , Svistova I.D. ,   Voronezh State Pedagogical University
Published: November 2020

Application of nitrogen fertilizers did not significantly affect the number of micromycetes. The restructuring of the species structure of the mycobiome did not exceed the adaptive zone of “stress” – a change in the frequency of occurrence of typical species. Typical types of leached chernozem micromycetes include deuteromycetes of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Gliocladium, Humicola, Fusarium, zygomycetes (genus Rhizopus), ascomycetes (genera Thalaromyces, Chaetomium). On average, the density of dominant species of micromycetes increased by 20 %, which indicates the development of the “dominance concentration” of typical species and a decrease in the share of rare and random species of fungi in the mycocomplex. In the experiment variants, the density of Penicillium daleae, P. funiculosum, Fusarium solani, and Aspergillus ustus species increased compared to control. These types of micromycetes are toxigenic and synthesize broad-spectrum mycotoxins (fungicidal, antibiotic, and phytotoxic). As a result, the phytotoxic activity of the soil increased to 7 and 20 % (native soil) and to 19-34 % (initiated microbial community). More pronounced changes were observed in the variant with ammonium sulfate. Thus, nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of N90 cause a “stress” reaction of the mycobiome, an increase in the share of toxigenic species and phytotoxic activity of leached chernozem. With long-term systematic use of nitrogen fertilizers, even in medium doses, it is possible to reduce the potential fertility of chernozems.
Homonationalism Revisited
Authors: Kehl Katharina
Published: November 2020

As various “right kind of queers” make their way into the social mainstream, researchers have moved their attention from compulsory heterosexuality as queer theory’s main other towards the new normativities created by these “exclusive integrations”. This article looks at existing critiques of homonormativity, homonationalism and homocolonialism and asks how we can develop these concepts, in order to maintain their relevance for well-needed analyses of the role LGBT rights play in projects of (national) boundary-making, as well as the ways in which LGBTQ people are variously positioned to deal with these. I argue that we need to take into account the ways in which these concepts have developed as they have entered new academic disciplines while also re-engaging with one of the central aspects of Puar’s initial framing of homonationalism: The racialized nature of sexualised/gendered difference. The article discusses the excessive potential of “gay-rights-as-human-rights” discourses, Cynthia Weber’s “plural logics of and/or” in order to challenge seemingly straightforward narratives of homonationalism, homonormativity and homocolonialism. It also draws on Alexander Weheliye’s “Habeas Viscus” in order to renew our theoretical engagement with questions of racialisation and colonialism, and to expand our view beyond issues of (legal) recognition.
Naturalisering av statliga könsklassificeringspraktiker
Authors: Odland T.
Published: November 2020

Hur upprättas och upprätthålls naturalisering av statliga könsklassificeringspraktiker? Vilka vägar till naturalisering aktualiseras när ambitionen är att inkludera trans- och intersexpersoner i statlig administration och reglering? Dessa frågor ligger till grund för analysen i denna artikel om betydelsebildning i den offentliga utredningen Transpersoner i Sverige (SOU 2017:92) – en utredning som på många sätt skiljer sig från tidigare utredningar som behandlar trans- och intersexpersoner och statlig reglering. I analysen behandlar jag utsagor om kunskap samt det arbete dessa utsagor gör i förhållande till betydelsebildning om inkludering i statlig reglering. Jag redogör för vägar till naturalisering av statliga könsklassificeringspraktiker som handlar om möjligheter till kategoribaserad mätning och sortering i befolkningsstyrningsprogram. Jag vill med artikeln bidra till ett akademiskt och politiskt samtal som tar sin utgångspunkt i att naturaliserad statlig reglering leder till ökade negativa konsekvenser för marginaliserade grupper. Det är därför av stor vikt att studera hur naturalisering upprättas, upprätthålls och utmanas.
TRANSFORMASI PENDIDIKAN CALON KATEKIS DAN GURU AGAMA KATOLIK DI ERA DIGITAL
Authors: Widiatna Alexius Dwi
Published: November 2020

The development and advancement of information and communication technology has permeated all aspects of human life today. Technological progress led to an industrial revolution and at the same time influenced the human lifestyle that formed the characteristics and character of a very varied generation. The character of this generation causes the world of education to adjust in terms of learning, teaching, pedagogy, and in the management of education. The church and its educational institutions are inseparable from the influence of advances in the digital world in educating young children in facing the challenges of 21st century education. As a higher education institution, STKIP Widya Yuwana is challenged to transform his learning in preparing his candidates of catechist and Catholic religion teachers who are digital generation or internet generation whose fingers are attached to their devices at any time. Creatively and collaboratively, educational persons are encouraged to build an atmosphere of freedom of learning by conducting digital metanoia and transforming themselves to be able to continue their preaching work to young people.
OTONOMI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS KAMPUS MERDEKA – MERDEKA BELAJAR
Authors: Nurvrita Ardya Setya
Published: November 2020

Kampus Merdeka – Merdeka Belajar (freedom to learn) is a new learning program designed by the Indonesian Minister of Education and Culture as a response toward the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Through this way, the graduates are able to be inovative, creative, autonomous, and competitive. Beside hard working, the next religious teacher and chatecists also expected to be literate and fluent in English, since it was established as international, business, and technological language. This paper aims to analyze English learning autonomy in term of learning methods toward religious teacher and chatecists. The writer uses analytical approach to analyze topic of discussion. Some datas and references used to find out what will we do as a lecturer in English learning process toward religious teacher and cathecists through freedom to learn.
The Kentucky SimSmoke Tobacco Control Policy Model of Smokeless Tobacco and Cigarette Use
Authors: Sánchez-Romero Luz María , Yuan Zhe , Li Yameng , Levy David T.
Published: November 2020

Background: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) prevalence was decreasing in Kentucky before 2007, but has since increased. This study examines the impact of policies on cigarette and SLT use by applying the SimSmoke tobacco control policy simulation model. Methods: Using data from the large-scale Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) and information on state-specific tobacco policies, Kentucky SimSmoke is updated and extended to incorporate exclusive SLT and dual cigarette and SLT use. The model is validated using survey data through 2017. The model was used to estimate the impact on smoking and SLT prevalence and attributable deaths of policies implemented between 1993 and 2018 and the impact of stronger future policies implemented in 2018 and maintained through 2060. Results: SimSmoke generally reflects trends in exclusive cigarette use from the TUS-CPS and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), but underestimated the increase in SLT prevalence in recent years. SimSmoke projects that policies implemented between 1993 and 2018 reduced male and female cigarette use by 23.7% and 23.0%, and male and female SLT use by 4.9% by 2018, averting 9018 tobacco-attributable deaths by 2018, increasing to 89 547 by 2060. The largest reductions in cigarette and SLT use were attributed to cigarette price increases. Strengthening tobacco control policies could reduce smoking prevalence by 41% and 40%, and reduce SLT prevalence by 33% and 25% for males and females by 2060. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cigarette-oriented policies were effective in reducing SLT use but have been less successful in recent years. Future use rates can be further reduced through more restrictive statewide policies, which also target non-combustible nicotine products.
Sometimes Resigned, Sometimes Conflicted, and Mostly Risk Averse: Primary Care Doctors in India as Street Level Bureaucrats
Authors: Ramani Sudha , Gilson Lucy , Sivakami Muthusamy , Gawde Nilesh
Published: November 2020

Background: In this study, we use the case of medical doctors in the public health system in rural India to illustrate the nuances of how and why gaps in policy implementation occur at the frontline. Drawing on Lipsky’s Street Level Bureaucracy (SLB) theory, we consider doctors not as mechanical implementors of policies, but as having agency to implement modified policies that are better suited to their contexts. Methods: We collected data from primary care doctors who worked in the public health system in rural Maharashtra, India between April and September 2018 (including 21 facility visits, 29 in depth interviews and several informal discussions). We first sorted the data inductively into themes. Then we used the SLB theoretical framework to categorise and visualise relationships between the extracted themes and deepen the analysis. Results: Doctors reported facing several constraints in the implementation of primary care- including the lack of resources, the top-down imposition of programs that were not meaningful to them, limited support from the organization to improve processes as well as professional disinterest in their assigned roles. In response to these constraints, many doctors ‘routinized’ care, and became resigned and risk-averse. Most doctors felt a deep loss of professional identity, and accepted this loss as an inevitable part of a public sector job. Such attitudes and behaviours were not conducive to the delivery of good primary care. Conclusion: This study adds to empirical literature on doctors as Street Level Bureaucrats in lower and middle income countries. Doctors from these settings have often been blamed for not living up to their professional standards and implementing policies with rigour. This study highlights that doctors’ behaviours in these settings are ways through which they ‘cope’ with their loss of professional identity and organizational constraints; and highlights the need for appropriate interventions to counter their weak motivation.
Analysis of indicators of activity of children's dental service in the Poltava region (2014–2016)
Authors: Lyakhova N. O.
Published: November 2020

Purpose of the study. Analysis of qualitative and quantitative indicators of activity of institutions providing dental care for children of Poltava region for 2014–2016.

Materials and methods. Accounting and reporting documentation of health care institutions providing dental care to children of Poltava region (f. 039-2/o, f.049/o, f.20, f.17) for 2014–2016, annual statistical reports of the Poltava Regional Analytical Center for Medical Statistics for 2014–2016. Methods: biblio-semantic, medico-statistical, methods of system hike and system analysis.

Results. Analysis of indicators of children`s dental institutions showed an increased workload for doctors due to the reduction in the positions of physicians and increasing the number of visits, deterioration of the dental health of children in the region, lack of preventative work in some areas of the region or lack of effectiveness.

Conclusions. The availability of pediatric dentists in the children`s population of Poltava Oblast is insufficient. Reducing the number of pediatric dentists leads to a significant increase in physician workload. In some districts of the Poltava oblast, there are poor or insufficient indicators of planned readjustment and low activity or ineffectiveness of preventative work on dental diseases.
Psychological aspects of providing quality medico-social expert assistance
Authors: Lashkul Z. V. , Chemirisov V. V. , Kurochka V. L.
Published: November 2020

The subject of deontology is the principles of not only in relation to the individual but also in relation to society. The object of Deontology in medical and social examination is first and foremost the personality of the expert physician, the peculiarities of his/her orientation, motivational spheres, his/her values, ideals, as well as the doctor's relationship with the patient.
Gallbladder sizes in patients with arterial hypertension, obesity and hypothyroidism: correlation analysis
Authors: Strilchuk L. M. , Olenych L. V. , Radchenko O. M.
Published: November 2020

Our previous studies showed that patients with arterial hypertension and excessive weight or obesity presented with the significantly enlarged gallbladder, both fasting and after taking cholekinetic. The gallbladder ejection fraction was below the normal range, and poor blood pressure control was accompanied by further gallbladder over distension, reduction of its contractility and increased risk of gallstone formation. This needs further research, especially considering hypothyreoidism. The aim is to establish correlations of the sonographically estimated gallbladder sizes in patients with arterial hypertension, obesity and hypothyreoidism.

Materials and methods. The cohort of 40 patients (females 90%, males 10%) with arterial hypertension, body overweight/obesity and h underlying hypothyroidism was examined; sonographically estimated gallbladder sizes are compared with clinical, laboratory and instrumental data. Kendall's rank correlation method was applied; significance threshold was taken as р < 0,05.

Results. In patients with arterial hypertension and overweight/obesity, the sizes of GB are enlarged both in cases of hypothyreoidism 64,4 mm (56–87) and 25 mm (21,2–28) and without it 67 mm (60–72) and 24 mm (22–29) with a significantly larger interquartile range (31 vs 12 mm) for hypothyroidism. According to Kendall's rank correlation analysis, gallbladder was enlarged in the older patients with a higher body mass index, and this statistically correlated with the advancement of stage and degree of arterial hypertension, cardiovascular risk, neutrophilic inflammationactivationandimmuneinflammation suppression, thinned renal parenchyma, increased echogenicity of the pancreas, and cardioselective aspartataminotransferase cytolysis. These connections can be based on the common spinal innervation of the heart and gallbladder, dysregulated beta 3-adrenoceptor activity and disturbed nitrite mediated vasorelaxation.
Treatment of Nature in Sangam Poetry
Authors: Murugesapandian N
Published: November 2020

Sangam poems are a document of how the Sangam Tamils faced nature. People who lived during the Sangam period sought to understand the nature around them. They discovered that the vast energies of nature were understood as mysteries that could not be understood by humans easily. The activities and thoughts among the ancient Tamils were tried to understand the relationship between nature and human beings are recorded in the Sangam Poems . The influence of geography in shaping the culture and characteristics of the ancient Tamils is compelling. The poems of the Sangam poets are based on the composition of flora and fauna and the composition of flora and fauna based on nature and tradition. Since the Sangam poets were nature-obsessed, they naturally recorded detailed information about plants and animals in their poems. In the daily life of the people there is a variety of information about nature, both in terms of coding and application. Sangam poems are inspired by contextual recordings that depict the background of human life, without simply copying the metaphor, implicit, and imaginary nature of the Sangam poets’ descriptions of nature. The expressions of the Sangam Tamils trying to reconcile with them are recorded in the Sangam poems. This article describes the treatment of nature in Sangam literature.
Tissue specificity of expression of heat shock gene ATHSP70-10 in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings under normal and stress conditions
Authors:   Kholodny Institute of Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kozeko L.Ye. , Kordyum E.L. ,   Kholodny Institute of Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2020

Mitochondrial heat shock proteins of HSP70 family support protein homeostasis in mitochondria under normal and stress conditions. They provide folding and complex assembly of proteins encoded by mitochondrial genome, as well as import of cytosolic proteins to mitochondria, their folding and protection against aggregation. There are reports about organ-specificity of mitochondrial HSP70 synthesis in plants. However, tissue specificity of their functioning remains incompletely characterized. This problem was studied for mitochondrial AtHSP70-10 in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings using a transgenic line with uidA signal gene under normal conditions, as well as high temperature and water deficit. Under normal conditions, histochemical GUS-staining revealed the expression of AtHSP70-10 in cotyledon and leaf hydathodes, stipules, central cylinder in root differentiation and mature zones, as well as weak staining in root apex and root-shoot junction zone. RT-PCR analysis of wild-type seedlings exposed to 37°C showed rapid upregulation of AtHSP70-10, which reached the highest level within 2 h. In addition, the gradual development of water deficit for 5 days caused an increase in transcription of this gene, which became more pronounced after 3 days and reached a maximum after 5 days of dehydration. Histochemical analysis showed complete preservation of tissue localization of AtHSP70-10 expression under both abiotic factors. The data obtained indicate the specific functioning of mitochondrial chaperone AtHSP70-10 in certain plant cellular structures.
Influence of growth conditions on content of monolignols in Phragmites australis’ leaves
Authors:   Kholodny Institute of Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Nedukha O.M.
Published: November 2020

Using a cytochemical method and laser confocal microscopy, a sensitivity of content and distribution of monolignols in the leaves of Phragmites australis, grown in different natural conditions, was established. The leaves at stage of vegetative growth of two ecotypes of Ph. australis, which grew in water and on land, were studied. We present results obtained by comparing the data on the leaves of Ph. australis of air-water and terrestrial plants growing in natural conditions (Kyiv, Ukraine). It was found that the decrease in soil moisture leads to an increase in ratio of syringyl monolignol to guaiacyl (S-G) and to an increase in total content of monolignols (S+G) in epidermis and tissues of vessel bundles of the terrestrial plants. It was assumed that changing the ratio of monolignols and changing their content in the epidermis of leaves of terrestrial reed plants is one of the mechanisms of plant adaptation to lower soil moisture, which reduces transpiration and maintains optimal water potential in leaves of Ph. australis growing on land. Based on the obtained experimental data, we believe that high content of syringyl monolignol, which gives high strength to leaves and stems of terrestrial reeds, can serve as a marker for commercial use of these plants in various sectors of economy.
Stress-protective effect of putrescine and spermine on wheat plants during soil drought
Authors:   Dokuchaev Kharkiv National Agrarian University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Kokorev O. I. , Shkliarevskyi M. A. ,   Dokuchaev Kharkiv National Agrarian University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2020

Polyamines are considered multifunctional stress metabolites in plants. The ability of exogenous polyamines to increase plant resistance to adverse factors of various nature is well-known. At the same time, the stress-protective effects of polyamines at the level of whole plants under conditions of dehydration close to natural have not been sufficiently studied. The aim of this work was to study the effect of foliar treatment of wheat plants with solutions of putrescine and spermine on the functioning of their protective systems during drought under laboratory soil culture conditions. In the experiments, we used young wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.), which were subjected to a 4-day drought with a gradual decrease in the water content in the soil to 25% of the total moisture capacity. Spraying plants with putrescine in a concentration range of 0,25-5 mM significantly reduced the growth-inhibiting effect of drought; the effect of spermine was less effective, but also significant at P ≤ 0,05. Putrescine significantly reduced the manifestation of water deficit caused by drought. Under the action of spermine, only a tendency towards a decrease in the water deficit of the leaves was noted. Drought caused the effect of oxidative stress, which was manifested in an increase in the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves. During the pretreatment of plants with spermine, the increase in the MDA content was partially leveled, and under the action of putrescine it was leveled almost completely. Treatment of plants with both polyamines at concentrations of 1 and 5 mM promoted preservation of the pool of chlorophylls and carotenoids in leaves under stress conditions. Moreover, when plants were treated with putrescine and spermine under drought conditions, a close to usual ratio of chlorophylls a/b was maintained. The proline content in leaves increased significantly under the influence of drought. Pretreatment with 1 and 5 mM putrescine, and 5 mM spermine reduced effect of proline content growth in leaves, caused by drought. At the same time, the treatment of plants with both polyamines caused the accumulation of sugars in the leaves. Under the influence of drought, the content of anthocyanins and flavonoids absorbing in the UV-B region significantly decreased in the leaves. Pretreatment with spermine somewhat mitigated the negative effect of drought on the anthocyanin content. Under the action of both putrescine and spermine, the content of flavonoids absorbing in UV-B stabilized in leaves. It was concluded that the protective effect of polyamines on wheat plants under drought conditions is primarily due to the regulation of water metabolism and the prevention of oxidative damage.
Cereals frost resistance correlates with an integral indicators of content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes
Authors:   Dokuchaev Kharkiv National Agrarian University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Horielova O. I. , Ryabchun N. I. ,   Yuryev Рlant Production Institute of the National Academy  of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Shkliarevskyi M. A. ,   Dokuchaev Kharkiv National Agrarian University, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Reznik A. M. ,   Yuryev Рlant Production Institute of the National Academy  of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Kolupaev Yu. E. ,   Dokuchaev Kharkiv National Agrarian University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2020

Along with specific adaptive reactions, universal defense reactions, in particular activation of antioxidant system, are of great importance for plant survival under cold conditions. We have studied a relationship among the content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds with antioxidant properties (proline, soluble carbohydrates, flavonoids), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase) in seedlings of winter wheat, rye and triticale, and frost resistance of etiolated seedlings and adult plants at tillering stage. It was found that there was a fairly close correlation between the frost resistance of seedlings and adult cereal plants (r = 0,78). It was shown that a pronounced relationship between individual indicators of antioxidant system functioning in unhardened seedlings and their frost resistance was not found. After 6-day hardening of seedlings at 2-4°C, there was a high correlation between the total indicator of the enzymatic antioxidant system (the sum of normalized indicators of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activity) and their frost resistance (r = 0,86), but the correlation coefficient of this index with frost resistance of plants in tillering phase was significantly lower (r = 0,47). At the same time, a high correlation was found between the content of low-molecular-weight protectors in hardened seedlings and frost resistance of tillering adult plants (r = 0.89). The closest correlation was observed between the integral normalized indicator, comprising the sum of normalized values of antioxidant enzymes activity and the content of low-molecular-weight protectors in hardened seedlings, and frost resistance of seedlings (r = 0,94) and plants in tillering phase (r = 0,89). A presence of specific features in the functioning of antioxidant system during cold adaptation of cereal seedlings was established. Rye is characterized by a high content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds; at the same time, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase and catalase - was noted in wheat seedlings. In triticale, depending on the genotype, the values of both enzymatic antioxidant activity and the content of low-molecular-weight protectors varied.
Implementasi Quadruple Helix Dalam Mendorong Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kreatif
Authors: Sopacua Ivana Oktarina , Primandaru Noormalita
Published: November 2020

The Quadruple Helix concept is the development of Triple Helix by integrating civil society. The Quadruple Helix approach is far from being considered a definite and established concept in research and innovation policy. The purpose of this study is to describe the Quadruple Helix application which can be used as a system framework to increase creative economic growth as a tourism attraction in the city of Yogyakarta. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, primary data obtained from observations, interviews, and FGDs with representatives from academia, fashion creative economy actors, communities, and the government. The location of this research is the Ngasem Market and Malioboro areas. The results of this research are skills development training that focuses only on certain groups such as designer groups, pencorek groups or other groups, so that training participants can learn according to their interests and talents, hold batik fashion exhibitions near tourist objects that are visited by many tourists, and marketing strategy training that is oriented to the environment and changes in consumer behavior.
Forms and Movements of Life
Authors: Svobodová Zuzana
Published: November 2020

Based on an analysis of the theory of the movement of existence, this paper answers the following question: Where can one see the most important connections of philosophical and religious language in the most re-thought part of Jan Patočkaʼs thinking? The third movement of life is seen as a form of the true philosophical life, but also as a form with metaphysical responsibility. The movement of breakthrough, or actual self-comprehension, is the most important, because it leads to care for the soul—and, according to Patočkaʼs analyses of interpretations of the Faust legend, it leads to care for the true immortality of soul. In the third movement of life, one lives an unsheltered life in openness to all which is not given and cannot be given, which is beyond all objective identification, and yet determines this world. In response to the mission in time (kairos), on the way to “asubjective” openness of the soul, in a dialogue which searches for truth and resists temptation, one can still find metaphysical responsibility and freedom.
Polish Camps for Red Army Prisoners of War in the 1919–1924s:
Modern Russian-Polish Approaches
Authors: Kornilova Oksana
Published: November 2020

The article discusses modern Russian and Polish historiography, devoted to the organization, functioning and liquidation of Polish camps for the Red Army prisoners of war who were captured during the Soviet-Polish War of 1919–1920. The history of the camps for the Red Army prisoners of war Polish

authors begin with the creation of German camps in Poland during World War I. After the repatriation the camps continued to contain interned members of anti-Soviet armed groups and members of their families. Without considering the

methodology of establishing the total number of prisoners and deceased, the author raises the question of interpreting the causes of the Red Army prisoners of war massive loss in Polish captivity. The researchers’ opinions range from the objective impossibility of the Polish authorities to provide prisoners with proper conditions to a targeted policy of destroying the Red Army soldiers by famine, cold, and refusal of medical care.
Formation of high-quality SiC(0001)/SiO2 structures by excluding oxidation process with H2 etching before SiO2 deposition and high-temperature N2 annealing
Authors: Tachiki Keita , Kaneko Mitsuaki , Kobayashi Takuma , Kimoto Tsunenobu
Published: November 2020

We formed SiC/SiO2 structures by various procedures that excluded an oxidation process. We found that a SiC/SiO2 interface with a low interface state density near the conduction band edge of SiC (D
it ∼ 4 × 1010 cm−2 eV−1 at E
c −0.2 eV) is obtained for a fabrication process consisting of H2 etching of the SiC surface, SiO2 deposition, and high-temperature N2 annealing. D
it is rather high without H2 etching, indicating that etching before SiO2 deposition plays a significant role in reducing D
it. The key to obtaining low D
it may be the removal of oxidation-induced defects near the SiC surface.
Rural infrastructure and smallholders commercialization: analysis of crop input market from Jimma Zone, South-West Ethiopia
Authors:   Economics Department, Jimma University, Ethiopia, Alemu Minyahil , Dachito Amsalu ,   Economics Department, Jimma University, Ethiopia
Published: November 2020

Purpose: This study is aimed to examine the effect of rural infrastructure on smallholders’ crop input market participation with reference to Jimma zone. Research methodology: Censored Tobit approach was employed to model relationships between the degree of household market participation from input side and rural infrastructures. Results: Distance to the nearest all-weather-road from the farm area was found important. Moreover, provision of rural credit, communication and rural market services was found to significantly foster smallholder commercialization. Unfortunately, we estimated trivial coefficient for agricultural extension. Limitation: This study is limited to a year data, where we are unable to estimate the long term impact of rural infrastructural service on rural commercialization. Contribution: Various inadequacies in the provision of services may likely be involved. The right approach for the future should consider efficiency as well as the adequacy of the services being provided. It would be better to provide smallholders with the necessary infrastructures to ensure growth as well as the transformational targets. Besides, interventions intensifying rural access to information are vital. Keywords: Censored Tobit, Commercialization, Crop input Market index, Infrastructure, Smallholder
Sustainable tourism and economic growth nexus in Kenya: policy implications for post-Covid-19
Authors:   School of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure Studies, Kenyatta University, Kenya, Bitok Kipkosgei
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The COVID-19 global pandemic has caused an unprecedented socio-economic impact. It has also raised our awareness of the role sustainability needs to play in our economic activities. This study investigated how sustainable tourism has contributed to economic growth in Kenya. Research Methodology: Eviews 10 software was used to analyze the time-series data. Drawing on data from 1995 to 2020, Johansen co-integration, Granger causality, and regression approaches were used. Results: The study found out that tourism employment and GDP are positively connected to economic growth in Kenya. The causality was unidirectional from economic growth to tourism contribution to GDP and employment, with a long-run linkage of the study determinants. Limitations: Since this research used the secondary sources of data, similar studies in the future may concentrate on the primary data sources to investigate the relationship between tourism employment and economic advancement. Contribution: At the new normal in the post-Covid-19 period, the study suggests that legislators and tourism policymakers should focus on the policies aimed at promoting sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism should be managed following the three pillars of sustainability. Keywords: Development, Domestic, Moderate, Regional, Scenario