bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the interplay between charge transfer and CO2 insertion in the adsorption of a NiFe catalyst for CO2 electroreduction on a graphite support through DFT computational approaches
Authors: Arjunan Subash , Sims Joshua M. , Duboc Carole , Maldivi Pascale , Milet Anne
Published: April 2024

This article describes a density functional theory (DFT) study to explore a bio‐inspired NiFe complex known for its experimental activity in electro‐reducing CO2 to CH4 when adsorbed on graphite. The coordination properties of the complex are investigated in isolated form and when physisorbed on a graphene surface. A comparative analysis of DFT approaches for surface modeling is conducted, utilizing either a finite graphene flake or a periodic carbon surface. Results reveal that the finite model effectively preserves all crucial properties. By examining predicted structures arising from CO2 insertion within the mono‐reduced NiFe species, whether isolated or adsorbed on the graphene flake, a potential species for subsequent electro‐reduction steps is proposed. Notably, the DFT study highlights two positive effects of complex adsorption: facile electron transfers between graphene and the complex, finely regulated by the complex state, and a lowering of the thermodynamic demand for CO2 insertion.
An apparatus and procedure for studying discounting of real outcomes of money and aversive sound
Authors: Meshes Elizabeth , Tarbox Jonathan , Meshes Jonathan A. , Odum Amy L.
Published: April 2024

We developed and examined a laboratory preparation with adult humans that pits shorter term avoidance over longer term positive reinforcement and may serve as a useful laboratory functional analogue of problematic behavior. Participants were exposed to choices between (1) avoiding an aversive sound and acquiring no money or (2) listening to an aversive sound for a set duration and then receiving money. The first choice, avoiding an aversive sound and acquiring no money, was conceptualized as immediate negative reinforcement and no positive reinforcement, whereas the latter choice, listening to an aversive sound for a set duration and then receiving money, was conceptualized as a potential positive punisher paired with a larger later positive reinforcer. We manipulated the duration of the sound and the magnitude of money to identify the point at which individual participants' choices changed from avoiding the sound to choosing the sound plus money. As the sound duration increased, the choice of listening to the sound and receiving money decreased. Similar functions were observed with two different monetary magnitudes. The model has potential applicability to real‐world problems such as smoking, addiction, gambling, anxiety disorders, and other impulse control disorders.
Treatment of knee cartilage lesions in 2024: From hyaluronic acid to regenerative medicine
Authors: Brittberg Mats
Published: April 2024

Intact articular cartilage plays a vital role in joint homeostasis. Local cartilage repairs, where defects in the cartilage matrix are filled in and sealed to congruity, are therefore important treatments to restore a joint equilibrium. The base for all cartilage repairs is the cells; either chondrocytes or chondrogeneic cells from bone, synovia and fat tissue. The surgical options include bone marrow stimulation techniques alone or augmented with scaffolds, chondrogeneic cell implantations and osteochondral auto‐ or allografts. The current trend is to choose one‐stage procedures being easier to use from a regulatory point of view. This narrative review provides an overview of the current nonoperative and surgical options available for the repair of various cartilage lesions.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Maternal human papillomavirus infection and the risk of congenital malformations: A nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Hsieh Tina Yi Jin , Chen Thomas Yen Ting , Liao Pei‐Lun , Huang Jing‐Yang , Ma Kevin Sheng‐Kai , Hung Yao‐Min , Chang Renin , Wei James Cheng‐Chung
Published: April 2024

Previous research has explored theories regarding the vertical transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its association with adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. However, the impact of maternal HPV infection on congenital anomalies (CAs) in offspring remains relatively understudied. We conducted a population‐based cohort study linking the Taiwan Birth Registry, Taiwan Death Registry, and National Health Insurance Research Database, in which newborns born in Taiwan between 2009 and 2015 were included. We established a maternal HPV infection cohort comprising 37 807 newborns and matched them with a comparison group of 151 228 newborns at a 1:4 ratio based on index year, age, and sex. The study examined a composite outcome and subgroups of different types of congenital malformations. Differences in cumulative incidence of CAs were assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves and log‐rank tests. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regressions. No significant association was found between HPV infection and the broad spectrum of CAs (aHR: 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98–1.10; log‐rank test p = 0.14). However, we observed a 19% increased risk of musculoskeletal CAs in the maternal HPV infection group (aHR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05–1.34) compared to those without maternal HPV exposure. Other factors, including the type of HPV (aHR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.16–2.63), the timing of exposure (during or before pregnancy), and maternal age (aHR for <30 years: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.94–1.1; aHR for 30–39 years: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99–1.11; aHR for ≥40 years: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.67–1.17), did not significantly affect the risk for any CA. In conclusion, gestation detection of HPV infection was associated with musculoskeletal CAs but not other major CAs. Prospective studies are warranted to elucidate the necessity of prenatal screening in populations at risk.
Alpha anteriorization and theta posteriorization during deep sleep
Authors: Cui Yue , Li Yu , Li Qiqi , Huang Jing , Tan Xiaodan , Zhan Chang’an A.
Published: April 2024

Brain states (wake, sleep, general anesthesia, etc.) are profoundly associated with the spatiotemporal dynamics of brain oscillations. Previous studies showed that the EEG alpha power shifted from the occipital cortex to the frontal cortex (alpha anteriorization) after being induced into a state of general anesthesia via propofol. The sleep research literature suggests that slow waves and sleep spindles are generated locally and propagated gradually to different brain regions. Since sleep and general anesthesia are conceptualized under the same framework of consciousness, the present study examines whether alpha anteriorization similarly occurs during sleep and how the EEG power in other frequency bands changes during different sleep stages. The results from the analysis of three polysomnography datasets of 234 participants show consistent alpha anteriorization during the sleep stages N2 and N3, beta anteriorization during stage REM, and theta posteriorization during stages N2 and N3. Although it is known that the neural circuits responsible for sleep are not exactly the same for general anesthesia, the findings of alpha anteriorization in this study suggest that, at macro level, the circuits for alpha oscillations are organized in the similar cortical areas. The spatial shifts of EEG power in different frequency bands during sleep may offer meaningful neurophysiological markers for the level of consciousness.
Leaders pressuring teams and teams engaged in deviance: An examination of leader–team extraversion incongruence
Authors: McCormick Brian W. , Gonzalez‐Mulé Erik , Seong Jee Young
Published: April 2024

Researchers have cited the need to account for subordinates in the leadership process, and the leader–team fit paradigm provides a framework for simultaneously considering the characteristics of leaders and those of their subordinate teams. Drawing on extraversion personality theory stipulating extraversion's implications on motivation and communication styles and preferences, we seek to add nuance to the study of a trait that has been widely assumed to exert positive effects in leaders and teams. Integrating theorizing on extraversion and fit, we posit in this research that counterproductive leader and team behaviors will be associated with misfit leader–team pairings in which extraversion incongruence exists (leaders higher in extraversion paired with teams lower in extraversion or leaders lower in extraversion paired with teams higher in extraversion). We test our predictions in a time‐lagged field survey study of leaders and their respective teams in the nuclear power industry, using polynomial regression analyses to find support for hypotheses about the association of leader–team extraversion incongruence and detrimental leader (use of pressure influence tactics) and team (deviance directed at the organization) behaviors. We discuss the implications of our findings for research and practice on leaders, teams, deviance, and extraversion.
Research on the brewing technology of Dangshen Huangjiu with low biogenic amines and high functional factors
Authors: Gao Yingrui , Wang Yanping , Hu Linhai , Wang Nan , Cui Fang , Ying Shiping , Hu Fangdi
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Biogenic amines (BA) are hazardous components in Huangjiu (HJ). To ensure the quality of Dangshen Huangjiu (DSHJ), an orthogonal experiment L9 (33) was proposed to optimize the process by the main brewing factors (pre‐fermentation temperature, pre‐ and post‐fermentation time) that may affect BA and functional factors in DSHJ. DSHJ was produced with low BA content and high functional factors. Gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry combined with a multivariate statistical method (GC‐IMS‐MSM) was used to analyze the volatile components in the brewing process of DSHJ.

RESULTS

The optimum brewing process parameters of DSHJ were as follows: pre‐fermentation temperature, 28 °C; pre‐fermentation time, 9 days; post‐fermentation time, 18 days. The average content of BA in DSHJ was 33.12 mg L−1, and the sensory score, total phenol content and DPPH free radical scavenging rate of DSHJ were significantly higher than those of HJ. A total of 14 esters, 7 acids, 7 alcohols, 1 ketone, 5 aldehydes and 1 pyrazine in DSHJ and HJ were identified by GC‐IMS. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in DSHJ and HJ in the soaking rice and saccharification stage. 11 components, such as ethyl acetate, and 12 components, such as acetic acid, were the different components of HJ and DSHJ in pre‐fermentation and post‐fermentation stages, respectively. In the post‐fermentation stage, the contents of 8 components in DSHJ such as ethyl acetate were higher than in HJ.

CONCLUSION

The preparation process parameters of DSHJ optimized by orthogonal experiments can ensure that DSHJ has the advantages of low BA content, high total phenol content and good antioxidant activity. Sensory score and GC‐IMS‐MSM analysis found that DSHJ prepared using the optimal process had the characteristics of good taste and rich aroma. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ultrasound‐guided determination demonstrates influence of age, sex and type of sport on medial femoral condyle cartilage thickness in children and adolescents
Authors: Schneider Dirk , Weber Regine , Nourkami‐Tutdibi Nasenien , Bous Michelle , Goedicke‐Fritz Sybelle , Hans Muriel Charlotte , Hein Steve , Wolf Milan Anton , Landgraeber Stefan , Zemlin Michael , Kaiser Elisabeth
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To analyse the reliability of ultrasound‐guided measurement of the cartilage thickness at the medial femoral condyle in athletically active children and adolescents before and after mechanical load in relation to age, sex and type of sport.

Methods

Three successive measurements were performed in 157 participants (median/min–max age: 13.1/6.0–18.0 years, 106 males) before and after mechanical load by squats at the same site of the medial femoral condyle by defined transducer positioning. Test–retest reliability was examined using Cronbach's calculation. Differences in cartilage thickness were analysed with respect to age, sex and type of practiced sports, respectively.

Results

Excellent reliability was achieved both before and after mechanical load by 30 squats with a median cartilage thickness of 1.9 mm (range: 0.5–4.8 mm) before and 1.9 mm (0.4–4.6 mm) after mechanical load. Male cartilages were thicker (p < 0.01) before (median: 2.0 mm) and after (2.0 mm) load when compared to female cartilage (before: 1.6 mm; after: 1.7 mm). Median cartilage thickness was about three times higher in karate athletes (before: 2.3 mm; after: 2.4 mm) than in sports shooters (0.7; 0.7 mm). Cartilage thickness in track and field athletes, handball players and soccer players were found to lay in‐between. Sport type related thickness changes after mechanical load were not significant.

Conclusion

Medial femoral condyle cartilage thickness in childhood correlates with age, sex and practiced type of sports. Ultrasound is a reliable and simple, pain‐free approach to evaluate the cartilage thickness in children and adolescents.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of a Ciprofloxacin and Azithromycin Stent for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lim Dong‐Jin , Bicknell Brenton T. , Rivers Nicholas , Jones Martin P. , Menon Adithya J. , Kelly Olivia J. , Skinner Daniel , Zhang Shaoyan , Woodworth Bradford A. , Cho Do‐Yeon
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Previously, we developed a novel double‐coated sinus stent containing ciprofloxacin (inner layer) and azithromycin (outer layer) (CASS), but released drug concentrations were found to be insufficient for clinical usage. Our objectives are to improve drug release of CASS and assess safety and pharmacokinetics in rabbits.

Methods

Dip coating was used to create the CASS with 2 mg ciprofloxacin and 5 mg azithromycin. A uniformed double coating was assessed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the release patterns of both drugs and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay were evaluated over 14 days in vitro. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the CASS were tested in rabbits through insertion into the maxillary sinus and evaluated with nasal endoscopy, CT scans, histology, blood counts and chemistries, and in vivo drug release.

Results

SEM confirmed the uniformity of the dual coating of ciprofloxacin and azithromycin, and thickness (μm) was found to be 14.7 ± 2.4 and 28.1 ± 4.6, respectively. The inner coated ciprofloxacin showed a sustained release over 14 days (release %) when soaked in saline solution (day 7, 86.2 ± 3.4 vs. day 14,99.2 ± 5.1). In vivo analysis showed that after 12 days, 78.92 ± 7.67% of CP and 84.12 ± 0.45% of AZ were released into the sinus. There were no significant differences in body weight, white blood cell counts, and radiographic changes before and after CASS placement. No significant histological changes were observed compared to the contralateral control side.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that the CASS is an effective method for delivering therapeutic levels of antibiotics. Further studies are needed to validate efficacy in a preclinical sinusitis model.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 134:3953–3959, 2024
Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD) Shares Similar Fecal Short‐Chain Fatty Acid Alterations with Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's Disease (PD)
Authors: Du Juanjuan , Zhang Pingchen , Tan Yuyan , Gao Chao , Liu Jin , Huang Maoxin , Li Hongxia , Shen Xin , Huang Pei , Chen Shengdi
Published: April 2024

Background

Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is considered as a prodromal stage of synucleinopathies. Fecal short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) changes in iRBD and the relationships with synucleinopathies have never been investigated.

Objectives

To investigate fecal SCFA changes among iRBD, multiple system atrophy (MSA), and Parkinson's disease (PD), and evaluate their relationships.

Methods

Fecal SCFAs and gut microbiota were measured in 29 iRBD, 42 MSA, 40 PD, and 35 normal controls (NC) using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Results

Compared with NC, fecal SCFA levels (propionic, acetic, and butyric acid) were lower in iRBD, MSA, and PD. Combinations of these SCFAs could differentiate NC from iRBD (AUC 0.809), MSA (AUC 0.794), and PD (AUC 0.701). Decreased fecal SCFAs were associated with the common reducing SCFA‐producing gut microbiota in iRBD, MSA, and PD.

Conclusions

iRBD shares similar fecal SCFA alterations with MSA and PD, and the combination of these SCFAs might be a potential synucleinopathies‐related biomarker. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Structure and functional properties of aluminum hydroxide reinforced bamboo‐derived cellulose acetate composite film for biodegradable packaging
Authors: Dong Gaopan , Yuan Ziheng , Yuan Zhengqiu , Guo Xiujuan
Published: April 2024

Biodegradable plastics are gaining popularity as environmentally friendly functional materials. This study focuses on the preparation of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) reinforced cellulose acetate composite films using a cost‐effective approach. The process involves synthesizing bamboo‐derived cellulose acetate (BDCA), dissolving it in tetrahydrofuran with glycerol as a plasticizer, and incorporating Al(OH)3 particles into the casting solution to reinforce the cellulose acetate film. Analyses on microstructure and characteristics of the films were conducted through various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, x‐ray diffraction (XRD), water contact angle measurement, and tensile testing. The results indicate that the Al(OH)3 particles were well‐dispersed in the composite films, leading to a strong interaction with the cellulose acetate matrix. As a result, the prepared composite films exhibited significantly higher tensile strength compared to pure bamboo‐derived cellulose film. Additionally, they demonstrated improved anti‐ultraviolet properties and a lower water vapor transmission rate, despite being more hydrophilic. This method holds significant potential for commercial applications in producing high‐performance cellulose acetate‐based composite films.

Highlights

Bamboo‐derived cellulose acetate was synthesized through chemical processes.

BDCA based composite film reinforced with Al(OH)3 was prepared by casting method.

The Al(OH)3 significantly enhance the functional properties of the composite film.

Composite films showed good performances for packaging according to the results.
Dielectric, transparent, thermally stable and mechanically robust bionanocomposite films based on chitosan and modified cellulose nanocrystals
Authors: Kassab Zineb , Abdellaoui Youness , Idouhli Rachid , Salim Mohamed Hamid , El Bachraoui Fatima , Ablouh El‐houssaine , El Achaby Mounir
Published: April 2024

The growing demand for electronics necessitates the development of novel environmentally responsible materials. A potential approach involves incorporating renewable and sustainable materials with mechanical and electrical properties while ensuring environmentally friendly disposal. Herein, this study reports the dielectric properties of chitosan (CS) reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CN) extracted from post‐harvest tomato plant residue. The resulting bionanocomposite material demonstrated remarkable characteristics, including dielectricity, transparency, thermal stability, and mechanical robustness. Additionally, the effect of high‐loading fillers (5 and 10 wt %) on the final properties of the material is investigated, as well as the effect of surface functionality of the CNs. The results showed that both the high‐loading fillers and the surface functionality of the CNs had a significant impact on the properties of the nanocomposite material. The bionanocomposite materials produced in this study hold great potential as an eco‐friendly substitute for conventional electronic materials and beyond. Its dielectric, transparent, thermally stable, and mechanically robust properties render it well‐suited for diverse applications.

Highlights

The phosphorylated groups insured high Crl (%) and high interface between the filler and matrix.

High interface and crystallinity enhanced the mechanical characteristics.

Low crystallinity increases the dielectric constant, case of 5% CNS.

Filler’ type can tailor and optimize the energy dissipation up to tan δ = 0.5 for 5% CNP.

Detection of Warburg impedance proves the interface polarization presence.
Laser applications for smart textiles
Authors: Brackmann Friederike , Olowinsky Alexander
Published: April 2024

Textiles are not only used for clothing but have also found application in many other areas. They do not have to have electronic components to be considered smart textiles. For example, they can be combined with biomedical substances to detect germs and bacteria, or light can be guided along a fiber and emitted in areas where the surface has laser‐induced defects. However, the most common combination is with electronic components.
Dual‐beam lasers meet challenges of the automotive industry
Authors: Markevitch Alexei , Wiener Michael , Markushov Iurii
Published: April 2024

The challenges of transport electrification require the adoption of new manufacturing techniques. Lasers excel in most difficult tasks due to their ability to deliver energy with great precision, and their temporal and spatial control. Dual‐beam, adjustable mode beam (AMB) technology enables the versatile spatial control of laser energy deposition, providing wide process windows for defect‐free welding and focal spot positioning. The AMB technology improves process quality and speed in dissimilar material welding, copper welding and in structural aluminum welding across many applications in the automotive industry – from the production of batteries and drivetrains to structural body parts.
High‐energy UV lasers for display and green energy applications
Authors: Rammelsberg Robin , Delmdahl Ralph , Haupt Oliver
Published: April 2024

The next generation of power saving displays, superconductivity‐driven carbon‐free energy generation, semiconductor manufacturing, and also refractive eye surgery largely hinge on photonics‐based precision manufacturing. They all benefit from the unique technical properties of excimer lasers, namely the laser's short wavelength in the ultraviolet range of the spectrum and the high pulse energy output. Gen 8 display fab expansion, capacity upscaling of superconducting tapes for future fusion reactors, and new tool developments for inspection and thin film manufacturing in the semiconductor industry are in full swing, and enabled by UV laser system technology.
Empowering Zero‐Energy Buildings with Cutting‐Edge Self‐Powered Electrochromic Smart Window Technology
Authors: Hossain Md Halim , Ah Chil Seong , Ryu Hojun
Published: April 2024

The development of energy‐efficient window technology is crucial for zero‐energy building approaches, as windows play a pivotal role in minimizing heat loss, optimizing natural light utilization, and contributing to overall energy conservation. In this study, a self‐powered electrochromic smart window is presented together and its application as a self‐charging battery is showcased. The self‐powered system is composed of a WOx electrochromic working electrode, an Al counter electrode, and an AlCl3 liquid electrolyte similar to a voltaic cell. This device generates an open circuit voltage of around 0.95 V. When two electrodes are connected, this voltage is applied as an external voltage and changes the color of the transparent WOx electrode into a blue state with approximately 62% transmittance modulation. However, if the two electrodes are connected via an light‐emitting diode (LED), the LED lights up for up to 4 h.
Circular economy orientation from corporate social responsibility: A view based on structural equation modeling and a fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Gallardo‐Vázquez Dolores , Herrador‐Alcaide Teresa C. , Matin Arian
Published: April 2024

Seeking sustainable development, companies voluntarily implement Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) through the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) approach, considering economic, social and environmental aspects of interest to global society. Searching for sustainable development, the Circular Economy (CE) emerged as a new philosophy of life to meet the new challenges in society. This research links CSR and CE but considering jointly the Institutional and Stakeholder Theories to delimit the sustainable development framework from the EC approach driven by CSR. According to this framework, it was tested whether the CSR practices of companies positively and significantly impacts on a business orientation towards CE, through two models (Model A and Model B) each of them analyzed with two independent samples of companies in Spain. Both samples are composed of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) at two different stages of CSR adoption. The hypotheses were analyzed through a structural equation modeling‐fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (SEM‐fsQCA). The result of the SEM supports the hypothesis in both models. So, CSR practices are driving companies towards CE, incorporating propositions on stakeholders' value creation. Moreover, an fsQCA revealed combinations of relationships that ensure the consistency of obtained results, generating five configurations based on two models defined. Main contribution of this work is CSR practices of companies and their orientation towards CE can be linked. This encourages to deep in analysis about the relations between CE and CSR, and of the specific CSR practices that should be enhanced for their beneficial effect on the implementation of CE.
Human resource management: A link between sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles. Traditional and systematic review
Authors: Wojtaszczyk Katarzyna , Różańska‐Bińczyk Izabela , Syper‐Jędrzejak Marzena
Published: April 2024

Human resource management (HRM), under the influence of the sustainable development paradigm, is evolving towards sustainable HRM. Contemporary HRM is a cross‐functional task that becomes increasingly important in the creation of corporate sustainability. Therefore, HRM plays an important role in building sustainable development. At the same time, HRM becomes more and more human‐centred. HRM is not only recruitment or appraisal orientated; one of its aims is to help different shareholders live sustainable lifestyles. Meanwhile, a sustainable lifestyle is analysed mainly in the context of consumer behaviour. The role of HRM in the promotion of a sustainable lifestyle is overlooked too often. The aim of the paper is to verify the importance of our ascertainment that HRM may (and should) be a link between sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles. We also want to confirm/deny a research gap related to the HRM's role in promotion of a sustainable lifestyle. We used two literature review methods: traditional and systematic review. The research pointed out that the researchers examine the idea of sustainable development as well as analyse the concept of a sustainable lifestyle. The systematic literature review identified a research lacuna in HRM regarding its role in promoting sustainable lifestyles.
In Situ Ca‐ and Mg‐ Codoped Biochar Derived from Tobacco Stem for Phosphate Adsorption and Desorption
Authors: Tu Panfeng , Cen Yingyuan , Deng Lansheng , Huang Baoyuan , Li Juan , Li Yongquan , Deng Lifang , Yuan Haoran
Published: April 2024

Phosphorus is an important element for plant growth. The efficient use and recovery of phosphorus is crucial due to limited phosphate resource reserves. This study explored the potential application of an in situ Ca and Mg co‐doped biochar derived from tobacco stem to reclaim and reuse phosphate from aqueous solutions. We performed various batch adsorption experiments and industrial analysis based on different parameters. The findings indicate that biochar prepared using the raw material particle size range of 0.85–2 mm and pyrolyzed at 800 °C presented good pore structure and specific surface area. Ca and Mg elements in biochar exhibited great influence on its phosphate adsorption property. The maximum phosphate adsorption capacity of the tobacco stem‐based biochar was 54.66 mg/g, and the experimental data agreed with the Langmuir equation, suggesting monolayer adsorption. The adsorption process conformed to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equation, indicating that chemisorption was the dominant adsorption process and that the adsorption was controlled by intra‐particle diffusion. Furthermore, phosphate adsorbed on tobacco stem‐based in situ Ca and Mg co‐doped biochar was released under acidic, alkaline, and neutral conditions. Therefore, in situ Ca and Mg co‐doped biochar prepared from tobacco stems is a potential environmentally friendly and low‐cost adsorbent for phosphorus recovery.
Efficient One‐Pot Multicomponent Approach to 3‐Phenylpyrrolo[1,2‐a]Pyrazine and Novel 3‐Phenylpyrazino[1,2‐a]Indole in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Lakshmikanth Kyatagani , Katiyar Raunak , Dorai Sandya Tambi , Tiwari Priya , Sagar Titiksha Kumar , Chandrashekharappa Sandeep
Published: April 2024

A facile and atom‐efficient route via a new aqueous synthetic protocol for the greener and more efficient preparation of 3‐phenylpyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrazine and 3‐phenylpyrazino[1,2‐a]indole by the one‐pot, three‐component method under mild reaction conditions is developed with substituted phenacyl bromides, aqueous ammonium hydroxide, and the corresponding 1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carbaldehyde and 1H‐indole‐2‐carbaldehyde. A reaction cascade consisting of N‐alkylation, imine formation, and annulation by condensation produces a sequence of three C−N bonds.
Near‐Infrared Active Tri‐nanohybrid for Enhanced Energy Harvesting
Authors: Pan Nivedita , Hasan M. Nur , Ghosh Sangeeta , Roy Lopamudra , Bhattacharya Chinmoy , Karmakar Debjani , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: April 2024

Efficient energy harvesting through full solar spectrum utilization has been considered a promising solution to world energy and environmental issues. In this direction, lead sulphide (PbS) quantum dot (QD) based hybrid materials find greater application due to their near‐infrared (NIR) active photo response. Slower charge injection and inefficient charge separation limit photoactive response of such NIR active low band gap semiconductor like PbS QDs. Moreover, constructing dual charge transfer pathways in a PbS QDs based nanocomposite through the formation of hybrids with suitable materials can be advantageous in suppressing the charge recombination. In this work, we have synthesized a nanocomposite after decorating the PbS‐QDs with semiconducting TiO2 nanoparticles modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and thus forming the tri‐hybrid (PbS‐TiO2‐MWCNT) nanocomposites. The enhanced photo‐activities of the tri‐hybrid, as compared to di‐hybrids like PbS‐TiO2, PbS‐MWCNT were confirmed by the steady state, time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation measurements. Higher ROS generation in the tri‐hybrid has been correlated with a faster interfacial electron transfer due to the dual charge injection pathway of PbS QD to TiO2 and MWCNT. The enhanced activity of the trio‐hybrid has also been analyzed from the first principal calculations in light of an efficient interfacial electron transfer as a result of the dual charge injection pathway. The photoelectrochemical water‐spilling response of the photoanodes in terms of photocurrent density, electrochemical impedance, and Mott–Schottky measurements on PbS‐TiO2 and PbS‐TiO2‐MWCNT photoanodes reveal that a combination of MWCNT and TiO2 exhibits an increase in electrical double layer capacitance, decrease in series resistance and enhancement of carrier density with NIR illumination at the heterojunction. Overall, all the dynamical studies at the interface of the trihybrid‐based photoanodes demonstrate its potential of utilization as a futuristic NIR‐ active photoelectrochemical water‐splitting material.
Porting learning from interdependencies back home: Performance implications of multihoming for complementors in platform ecosystems
Authors: Polidoro Francisco , Yang Wei
Published: April 2024

Research Summary

Recognizing the role of complementors in creating value in interdependent platform ecosystems, strategy research has recently started to examine performance heterogeneity across complementors. However, research has thus far focused on the performance implications of dynamics unfolding within a particular ecosystem. We take a step toward exploring influences that arise beyond the focal ecosystem by focusing conceptually on multihoming. We argue that multihoming to another platform produces learning benefits that enhance a complementor's performance on the home platform, especially when dealing with a high level of interdependencies and having greater similarity to other complements. We find supportive evidence in our analysis of open‐source software platforms between 2012 and 2018 and discuss implications for research on platform ecosystems, multihoming, and open‐source software.

Managerial Summary

Prior studies viewed multihoming as an important strategy for complementors in platform ecosystems. However, little is known about the extent to which such expansion affects the performance of complementors on their home platforms. This study investigates this issue using data on software package complementors in a variety of platforms housed in GitHub, the world's largest repository of open‐source software. The findings show that following multihoming, a complementor experiences a performance improvement in the home platform even when compared to the performance change observed during the same period for another complementor with similar attributes but that remains in single‐homing. These findings underscore the strategic implications of multihoming as a significant driver of performance heterogeneity across complementors in platform ecosystems.
The role of ultrasound in the management of carotid artery disease after head and neck radiotherapy treatment
Authors: Adams Matthew
Published: April 2024

Head and neck cancers (HNC) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Radiotherapy (RT) is used heavily in the treatment of HNCs and has undergone rapid development since the 1980s which has led to increased survival rates in this patient group. Carotid artery stenosis and an increased incidence of stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) have all been repeatedly described as a side effect of head and neck RT with vascular fibrosis implicated in its pathogenesis. The appearance of RT induced carotid stenosis displays a different phenotype to typical atherosclerotic plaque which can be appreciated both in histology samples and on ultrasound imaging. Ultrasound may also have a role to play in screening HNC patients who undergo RT to identify those at risk of suffering cerebrovascular events.
The role of water safety plan (WSP) to enhance the compatibility in water sector, Egypt
Authors: Yehia Ahmed G. , Mehany Mahmoud A. S. , Fareed Alaa M. , El‐sayed Waleed H. , Taman Mohammed S.
Published: April 2024

Recently, the Egyptian Government (GoE) seek to achieve comprehensive development through a mass of megaprojects. Water is a crucial element in the developing process, and Holding Company for Water and Wastewater (HCWW) is one of the key actors in setting national policies for water and wastewater services. These investments need a wide approach to guarantee good governance and sustainable management. Water safety plan (WSP) approach introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) is recognized as the most reliable and effective way to manage drinking‐water supplies to secure public health. HCWW has adopted WSP as a holistic approach not only to mitigate the potential risk to public health but also as a participatory way to reinforce and create resiliency among the key actors in water sector. This study highlighted the tangible impacts on the performance and homogeneity of the water sector in different areas at different levels as a response of WSP implementation. Modifications have been recorded in the operational, institutional, collaboration, and legislative outcomes at micro‐level, meso‐level, and macro‐level as a response to WSP. Some challenges were detected such as a lack of financial resources and no clear commitment of WSP incorporation in the policies of the main stakeholders.
Ungewissheiten bezüglich der Langzeitsicherheit von Endlagern: Qualitative und quantitative Bewertung
Authors: Röhlig Klaus-Jürgen
Published: April 2024

Der Beitrag fokussiert auf die Langzeitsicherheit eines verschlossenen Endlagers. Er gibt einen Überblick zu Möglichkeiten der qualitativen und quantitativen Bewertung von Ungewissheiten und ihrer Relevanz für die Sicherheit und zeigt exemplarisch einige Möglichkeiten zur grafischen Darstellung diesbezüglicher Analyseergebnisse auf. Zur quantitativen Bewertung steht eine Reihe mathematischer Methoden zur Verfügung, durchgesetzt hat sich aus mehreren Gründen eine Kombination von deterministischen und probabilistischen Ansätzen. Im Einzelnen bestehen jedoch unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten dahin gehend, für welchen Typ von Ungewissheit deterministische und für welchen Typ probabilistische Ansätze zum Einsatz kommen, in wie weit die Behandlung verschiedener Ungewissheiten in eine zusammenführende Analyse mündet, welche Ergebnisgrößen („Indikatoren“) betrachtet werden und welche Formen der Ergebniskommunikation gewählt werden. Solche Unterschiede sind zum Teil unterschiedlichen nationalen Regelwerken geschuldet, aber es bestehen auch viele Freiheitsgrade innerhalb dieser Vorgaben. Vor- und Nachteile insbesondere der Wahl von Indikatoren sowie von unterschiedlichen Methoden hinsichtlich ihrer internen Logik und der jeweiligen Darstellungsweisen und deren Kommunizierbarkeit sollten weiter erforscht und erprobt werden.
Bedeutung von deterministischen und probabilistischen Methoden zur Behandlung und Kommunikation von Ungewissheiten hinsichtlich der Sicherheitsaussagen in einem Safety Case
Authors: Becker Dirk-Alexander , Noseck Ulrich , Seidl Roman , Wolf Jens
Published: April 2024

Mit diesem Beitrag wird der Einsatz deterministischer und probabilistischer Methoden im Safety Case beleuchtet. Basierend auf vorhandenen nationalen und internationalen Empfehlungen und Erkenntnissen sowie einem Online-Experiment zur Aussagekraft der Methoden und Darstellungsarten werden Schlussfolgerungen zum Einsatz der Methoden formuliert. Dabei wird auch diskutiert, welche Methoden zur Behandlung und Darstellung von Ungewissheiten geeignet sind, eine sowohl korrekte als auch möglichst gut verständliche Aussage hinsichtlich der Ungewissheit der Sicherheitsbewertung eines Endlagers zu formulieren. Diese Frage wird am Beispiel der Dosisabschätzung für ein hypothetisches Endlager in einer Tongesteinsformation diskutiert.
Selbstgefährdung der Wirtschaft durch Sinnverlust
Authors: Strangalies Christian
Published: April 2024

In diesem Kapitel wird beschrieben, woher die Notwendigkeit einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung der Gesellschaft rührt. Es wird erläutert, wie in der Gesellschaft die Kontingenzauflösung durch Rationalität an ihre Grenzen stößt und die Orientierung des Wirtschaftssystems an wirtschaftlicher Rationalität zu einer Selbstgefährdung führt. Zudem wird aufgezeigt, wie Kontingenz die Steuerungsfähigkeit der Politik begrenzt.
The Basso-Dixon formula and Calabi-Yau geometry
Authors: Duhr Claude , Klemm Albrecht , Loebbert Florian , Nega Christoph , Porkert Franziska
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We analyse the family of Calabi-Yau varieties attached to four-point fishnet integrals in two dimensions. We find that the Picard-Fuchs operators for fishnet integrals are exterior powers of the Picard-Fuchs operators for ladder integrals. This implies that the periods of the Calabi-Yau varieties for fishnet integrals can be written as determinants of periods for ladder integrals. The representation theory of the geometric monodromy group plays an important role in this context. We then show how the determinant form of the periods immediately leads to the well-known Basso-Dixon formula for four-point fishnet integrals in two dimensions. Notably, the relation to Calabi-Yau geometry implies that the volume is also expressible via a determinant formula of Basso-Dixon type. Finally, we show how the fishnet integrals can be written in terms of iterated integrals naturally attached to the Calabi-Yau varieties.
Deep Learning-Based Watermarking Techniques Challenges: A Review of Current and Future Trends
Authors: Ben Jabra Saoussen , Ben Farah Mohamed
Published: April 2024

The digital revolution places great emphasis on digital media watermarking due to the increased vulnerability of multimedia content to unauthorized alterations. Recently, in the digital boom in the technology of hiding data, research has been tending to perform watermarking with numerous architectures of deep learning, which has explored a variety of problems since its inception. Several watermarking approaches based on deep learning have been proposed, and they have proven their efficiency compared to traditional methods. This paper summarizes recent developments in conventional and deep learning image and video watermarking techniques. It shows that although there are many conventional techniques focused on video watermarking, there are yet to be any deep learning models focusing on this area; however, for image watermarking, different deep learning-based techniques where efficiency in invisibility and robustness depends on the used network architecture are observed. This study has been concluded by discussing possible research directions in deep learning-based video watermarking.
Elasto-plasticity theory for large plastic deformation and its use for the material stiffness determination
Authors: Weber Martin , Altenbach Holm
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we present a finite elasto-plasticity theory for large plastic deformations. For the elastic part of the model, we use the St. Venant–Kirchhoff elasticity. The plastic part is described by the isomorphy concept, the yield condition is covered by the isotropic $$J_2$$

J
2

theory of (Huber in Czas Techn 22:34,1904; von Mises in Math Phys 4:582–592, 1913) and (Hencky in ZAMM 9:215–220, 1924), and the yield condition uses the principle of maximum plastic dissipation. The numeric of this theory is discussed and finally implemented in a Fortran code to use it as material law in the UMAT subroutine of the finite element program Abaqus. The material law is validated using different test calculations like tensile and shear tests as well as a large deformation simulation compared to the Abaqus internal material law. Further, we apply this material model to determine the effective material stiffness tetrad of large deformed inhomogeneous materials. For these purposes, we additionally present an automated method for determining material stiffnesses of an arbitrary material in Abaqus.
Energy efficiency of Gaussian and ring profiles for LPBF of nickel alloy 718
Authors: Cozzolino Ersilia , Tiley Austin J. , Ramirez Antonio J. , Astarita Antonello , Herderick Edward D.
Published: April 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) has the potential for improving the sustainability of metal processing through decreased energy and materials usage compared to casting and forging. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of high-temperature alloys such as nickel alloy 718 is one of the key modalities supporting this effort. One of the major drawbacks to LPBF is its slow build speed on the order of 5–10 cubic centimeters per hour print speed. This experimental study investigates how to increase the productivity of the LPBF process by switching from a traditional Gaussian laser shape to a ring laser shape using a nLight multi-modal laser. The objective is to increase productivity, reducing energy consumption and time, without sacrificing mechanical properties by switching to the ring laser thereby improving the sustainability of LPBF. Results include measuring the energy consumption of an Open Additive LPBF system during 718 printing and comparing the microstructure and mechanical properties of the two different lasers.
Cymbopogon proximus and Petroselinum crispum seed ethanolic extract/Gum Arabic nanogel emulsion: Preventing ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride-induced urolithiasis in rats
Authors: Essa Hend A. , Ali Alaa M. , Saied Mona A.
Published: April 2024

Urolithiasis is a prevalent urological disorder that contributes significantly to global morbidity. This study aimed to assess the anti-urolithic effects of Cymbopogon proximus (Halfa Bar) and Petroselinum crispum (parsley) seed ethanolic extract /Gum Arabic (GA) emulsion, and its nanogel form against ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium chloride (AC)-induced experimental urolithiasis in rats. Rats were divided into four groups: group 1 served as the normal control, group 2 received EG with AC in drinking water for 14 days to induce urolithiasis, groups 3 and 4 were orally administered emulsion (600 mg/kg/day) and nanogel emulsion (600 mg/kg/day) for 7 days, followed by co-administration with EG and AC in drinking water for 14 days. Urolithiatic rats exhibited a significant decrease in urinary excreted magnesium, and non-enzymic antioxidant glutathione and catalase activity. Moreover, they showed an increase in oxalate crystal numbers and various urolithiasis promoters, including excreted calcium, oxalate, phosphate, and uric acid. Renal function parameters and lipid peroxidation were intensified. Treatment with either emulsion or nanogel emulsion significantly elevated urolithiasis inhibitors, excreted magnesium, glutathione levels, and catalase activities. Reduced oxalate crystal numbers, urolithiasis promoters’ excretion, renal function parameters, and lipid peroxidation while improving histopathological changes. Moreover, it decreased renal crystal deposition score and the expression of Tumer necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cleaved caspase-3. Notably, nanogel emulsion showed superior effects compared to the emulsion. Cymbopogon proximus (C. proximus) and Petroselinum crispum (P. crispum) seed ethanolic extracts/GA nanogel emulsion demonstrated protective effects against ethylene glycol induced renal stones by mitigating kidney dysfunction, oxalate crystal formation, and histological alterations.
A novel thermotolerant l-rhamnose isomerase variant for biocatalytic conversion of d-allulose to d-allose
Authors: Sharma Sweety , Patel Satya Narayan , Singh Sudhir P.
Published: April 2024

A novel l-rhamnose isomerase was identified and cloned from an extreme-temperature aquatic habitat metagenome. The deduced amino acid sequence homology suggested the possible source of this metagenomic sequence to be Chloroflexus islandicus. The gene expression was performed in a heterologous host, Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein l-rhamnose isomerase (L-RIM) was extracted and purified. The catalytic function of L-RIM was characterized for d-allulose to d-allose bioconversion. d-Allose is a sweet, rare sugar molecule with anti-tumour, anti-hypertensive, cryoprotective, and antioxidative properties. The characterization experiments showed L-RIM to be a Co++- or Mn++-dependent metalloenzyme. L-RIM was remarkably active (~ 80%) in a broad spectrum of pH (6.0 to 9.0) and temperature (70 to 80 °C) ranges. Optimal L-RIM activity with d-allulose as the substrate occurred at pH 7.0 and 75 °C. The enzyme was found to be excessively heat stable, displaying a half-life of about 12 days and 5 days at 65 °C and 70 °C, respectively. L-RIM catalysis conducted at slightly acidic pH of 6.0 and 70 °C achieved biosynthesis of about 30 g L−1 from 100 g L−1d-allulose in 3 h.

Key points

• The present study explored an extreme temperature metagenome to identify a novel gene that encodes a thermostable l-rhamnose isomerase (L-RIM)

• L-RIMexhibits substantial (80% or more) activity in a broad spectrum of pH (6.0 to 9.0) and temperature (70 to 80 °C) ranges

• L-RIMis excessively heat stable, displaying a half-life of about 12 days and 5 days at 65 °C and 70 °C, respectively