bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Additive and Interactive Effects of Victimization on Adolescent Aggression Across Social Settings
Authors: Beckmann Laura
Published: May 2019

Considering that children and adolescents can face multiple exposures to violence due to their involvement in different socialization domains, this study aimed to analyze additive and interactive effects of physical and verbal victimization by parents, peers, and schoolteachers on adolescent aggression across social settings. With regard to parent–child and teacher–adolescent relationships, physical and verbal forms of aggression were differentiated, whereas aggression by and toward peers was assessed by a composite measure of overt and indirect aggression. Data were drawn from three large secondary school surveys of ninth-grade students within one federal German state conducted in the years 2013, 2015, and 2017. Based on a sample of 8,458 adolescents (mean age = 14.9 years), results provided evidence for additive as well as interactive effects of victimization across settings. Controlling for a range of risk factors associated with victimization and aggression, victimization by parents, peers, and teachers was uniquely related to adolescent aggression across social settings. In addition, three significant interaction effects were identified between different combinations of victimization: Students exposed to earlier parent-to-child physical aggression perpetrated more physical aggression toward parents within the last 12 months if they were also recently victimized by peers. Furthermore, parent-to-child physical aggression exacerbated the positive relationship between teacher-to-adolescent physical aggression and adolescent-to-teacher physical aggression. In contrast, exposure to teacher-to-adolescent verbal aggression reduced the positive link between peer-to-adolescent aggression and aggression toward peers. Findings suggest that intervention should be particularly sensitive toward multiple exposure to violence across socialization contexts, as well as toward the interdependence of cross-setting victimization.
The Impact of Adolescent Sexual Harassment Experiences in Predicting Sexual Risk-Taking in Young Women
Authors: Norcott Candice , Keenan Kate , Wroblewski Kristen , Hipwell Alison , Stepp Stephanie
Published: May 2019

Early sexual behavior plays a vital role in female reproductive health. Victimization experiences such as sexual harassment may have a unique impact on girls’ sexual health. We examined the prospective associations between sexual harassment during adolescence and high-risk sexual activity in early adulthood. Using mixed-effects logistic regression models, we tested associations between sexual harassment at ages 13 to 15 years and sexual risk behaviors at ages 16 to 20 years, controlling for depression and peer victimization. We used a community sample in Pittsburgh, PA. Through the Pittsburgh Girls Study, 2,450 girls were recruited when they were between the ages of 5 and 8 years, with approximately equal numbers in each of the four age groups. Approximately half of the girls sampled were African American (52%), and 41% were European American. The remaining girls were described as multiracial or representing another race. Data were collected via an annual nonclinician administered interview. Results indicated that participants who experienced sexual harassment as adolescents (21%) were more likely to have multiple sexual partners and more likely to have contracted a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in early adulthood. Sexually active 16-year-olds who had been sexually harassed were over 3 times more likely to have had two or more partners in the past 30 days. These effects were maintained controlling for other types of peer victimization and depression. Sexual harassment was not significantly associated with birth control use. These results suggest that sexual harassment has downstream effects on women’s health.
Development of date pit–polystyrene thermoplastic heat insulator material: Mechanical properties
Authors: Hittini Waseem , Abu-Jdayil Basim , Mourad Abdel-Hamid
Published: May 2019

In this work, an investigation of the mechanical behavior of thermoplastic polystyrene (PS) composites containing date pit powder (DPP) is presented. DPP waste contents ranging from 0 wt% to 50 wt% were used to prepare the PS composite. The experimental results revealed that the addition of DPP to the PS matrix decreased the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths and moduli of the composite. The reduction in the composite’s compressive strength was minimal with filler contents up to 30%. The DPP-PS composites demonstrated superior tensile strength (1.12–0.34 MPa), compressive strength (11.58–2.31 MPa), and flexural strength (21.10–2.37 MPa) when compared with the commonly used insulating materials and comparable to some construction materials. The negative impact of DPP on the mechanical properties of PS was attributed to the agglomeration of the natural fillers creating stress concentration points, as well as poor compatibility between the fillers and the PS matrix. Alkaline treatment of DPP with sodium hydroxide solution enhanced marginally the compressive strength (by 4.2%) and effectively the tensile (by 190%) and flexural strength (by 55%) of all prepared composites. The scanning electron microscopy micrographs demonstrated that the treatment effectively changed the surface roughness of the date pit particles and enhanced the interference between the fillers and the PS matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectra of the treated filler indicate that the observed improvement in adhesion was due to removal of hydrophilic components from DPP.
Babbage among the insurers: Big 19th-century data and the public interest
Authors: Wilson Daniel C.S.
Published: May 2019

This article examines life assurance and the politics of ‘big data’ in mid-19th-century Britain. The datasets generated by life assurance companies were vast archives of information about human longevity. Actuaries distilled these archives into mortality tables – immensely valuable tools for predicting mortality and so pricing risk. The status of the mortality table was ambiguous, being both a public and a private object: often computed from company records they could also be extrapolated from public projects such as the census, or clerical records. Life assurance more generally straddled the line between private enterprise and collective endeavour, though its advocates stressed the public interest in its success. Reforming actuaries such as Thomas Rowe Edmonds wanted the data on which mortality tables were based to be made publicly available, but faced resistance. Such resistance undermined insurers’ claims to be scientific in spirit and hindered Edmonds’s personal quest for a law of mortality. Edmonds pushed instead for an open actuarial science alongside fellow travellers at the Statistical Society of London, which was populated by statisticians such as William Farr (whose subsequent work, it is argued, was influenced by Edmonds) as well as by radical mathematicians such as Charles Babbage. The article explores Babbage’s little-known foray into the world of insurance, both as a budding actuary but also as a fierce critic of the industry. These debates over the construction, ownership, and accessibility of insurance datasets show that concern about the politics of big data did not begin in the 21st century.
The total archive: Data, subjectivity, universality
Authors: Jardine Boris , Drage Matthew
Published: May 2019

The complete system of knowledge is a standard trope of science fiction, a techno-utopian dream and an aesthetic ideal. It is Solomon’s House, the Encyclopaedia and the Museum. It is also an ideology – of Enlightenment, High Modernism and absolute governance. Far from ending the dream of a total archive, 20th-century positivist rationality brought it ever closer. From Paul Otlet’s ‘Mundaneum’ to Mass-Observation, from the Unity of Science movement to Wikipedia, the dream of universal knowledge dies hard. As a political tool, the total archive encompasses population statistics, gross domestic product, indices of the Standard of Living and the international ideology of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the World Health Organization, the free market and, most recently, Big Data. Questions of the total archive engage key issues in the philosophy of classification, the poetics of the universal, the ideology of surveillance and the technologies of information retrieval. What are the social structures and political dynamics required to sustain total archives, and what are the temporalities implied by such projects? This introduction and the articles that follow describe and place in historical context a series of concrete instances of totality. Our analysis is arranged according to four central themes: the relationship between the Archive (singular) and archives (plural); the image of the archive and the aesthetics of totality; pathologies of accumulation; and the specific historical trajectory of the total archive in the 19th and 20th centuries.
An experimental study on head loss characteristics of pipe bends for flow of coal–water slurry at high solid concentration
Authors: Singh Jatinder Pal , Kumar Satish , Mohapatra SK
Published: May 2019

Bending of pipes is a major problem facing the engineers during the construction of a long pipeline for transporting coal–water slurry. However, the use of 90° bends in slurry transportation is restricted because it causes high head loss, and so very high pumping power is required to overcome this resistance. In this context, the present study is carried out to reduce the head loss for the flow of coal–water suspension across 90° pipe bends by varying bend geometry. Rheological experiments were performed to study flow characteristics of coal–water suspension with/without the additive. Coal–water slurry exhibits Newtonian behavior at a solid concentration of 30 wt% and pseudoplastic flow nature at concentration above 30%. Head loss experiments were carried out on a pilot plant test loop for a solid concentration of 30.27–61.56% with flow velocity ranging from 2 to 5 m/s. The r/ D ratio for the pipe bend varied within the range of 1.5–2.5. The present study reveals that the head loss across pipe bends increased as solid concentration and flow velocity was increased. The optimum r/ D ratio value for a minimum head loss was found to be 2.0. Also, significant decreases in apparent viscosity and head loss were perceived with the addition of a small amount of sulfonic acid. Power required to pump coal–water slurry was decreased by 15.93% with the use of an additive. A correlation for the head loss in terms of solid concentration, flow velocity, and r/ D ratio was also developed.
Geometric design of a masonry lattice space dome titled KARBANDI in Persian architecture
Authors: Amjad Mohammadi Amir , Nejad Ebrahimi Ahad , Shahbazi Yaser
Published: May 2019

Studies of historical buildings in Persian architecture have resulted in knowing a kind of masonry structure with a harmonic lattice geometry, which has been titled “Karbandi.” The most important and highly acclaimed feature of Karbandi is the correlation and coordination between its architectural and structural functions, which results in creating esthetic and meaningful spaces. The use of this structure is highly demanded in contemporary Persian architecture, but very little information about historical techniques survives to the present day and accordingly, there are ambiguities about its drawing and geometric design. Therefore, this research aims at discovering geometric relationships and principles of Karbandi to regulate and facilitate its design process in contemporary architecture. Toward this end, its historical samples were analyzed and their geometric features were found. As a consequence, the connection distance of dividing points on the circle is an important parameter for creating various types of Karbandi on a base. For instance, the height of a Karbandi and its elaboration are directly related to the connection distance. In addition, it was clarified that the height of a Karbandi and the size of its Shamseh are in an inverse relationship. Finally, a comprehensive classification was presented based on found geometric features.
The Normative Nature of Depression Among Impoverished Mothers of Color: “. . .going around this big old circle . . . it always remain the same”
Authors: Keefe Robert H. , Rouland Rebecca S. , Lane Sandra D. , Brownstein-Evans Carol , Larrison Christopher R. , Delmerico Alan M.
Published: May 2019

Perinatal depression among impoverished mothers adds an enormous burden to their family responsibilities, which are often further stressed by living in high-crime communities. Thirty impoverished mothers of color living with depression were interviewed about the difficulties they face raising their children. Qualitative interviews about living with depression revealed four themes: recognizing their own depression, feeling isolated, experiencing violence, and living with depression. This article examines how neighborhood and relationship violence, intermittently involved fathers, and isolation contribute to the mothers’ depression. Social workers working with depressed, low-income mothers of color can benefit from understanding the mothers’ lived experience and the barriers the mothers face while trying to achieve well-being for themselves and their children. This study fits within the “Close the Health Gap” area of the Grand Challenges for Social Work.
Where Will We Draw the Line? Public Opinions of Human Gene Editing
Authors: Riggan Kirsten A. , Sharp Richard R. , Allyse Megan
Published: May 2019

The application of gene editing technologies to prevent or mitigate genetic disease in humans is considered one of its most promising applications. However, as the technology advances, it is imperative to understand the views of the broader public on how it should be used. We conducted focus groups to understand public views on the ethical permissibility and governance of gene editing technologies in humans. A total of 50 urban and semirural residents in the upper Midwest took part in six focus groups. Participants expressed multiple concerns about nonmedical uses of gene editing and its potential for unknown harms to human health, and were divided as to whether the individual patient or “medical experts” should be charged with overseeing the scope of its application. As potential stakeholders, the perspectives from the general public are critical to assess as genome editing technologies advance toward the clinic.
Validation of the Gottman Negative Comparisons for Alternatives Scale
Authors: Peluso Paul R. , Freund Robert , Gottman John M. , Gottman Julie S. , Peluso Jennifer P.
Published: May 2019

The present study was designed to revise a previous measure of the “Negative Comparisons for Alternative Relationships” Scale originally developed by Rusbult and her colleagues. Rusbult’s research of her investment model of commitment is the only research that has ever been successful at predicting sexual infidelity among heterosexual couples. The key variable in Rusbult’s investment model is the negative comparison for alternative relationships, which will be called “negative comps,” in the present article. A sample of 227 participants were recruited to validate a new scale based on Rusbult’s approach. Validation with a Marital Satisfaction Scale, a measure of depression, a measure of anxiety, and an adult attachment measure. The new measure had excellent criterion and discriminant validity.
Allowing for Nondisclosure in High Suicide Risk Groups
Authors: Podlogar Matthew C. , Joiner Thomas E.
Published: May 2019

Inaccurate disclosure of information is a significant limitation when relying on self-report for suicide risk screening. However, allowing for an explicit nondisclosure response option in screening items (e.g., “prefer not to disclose”) may ultimately improve follow-up assessment validity. This study investigated explicit nondisclosure in suicide risk screening among military service members and veterans ( n = 135), men older than 50 years, ( n = 187), and LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer) young adults ( n = 140); all higher risk and lower help-seeking populations. Results indicated that allowing for explicit nondisclosure minimally affected screening sensitivity and specificity. However, its selection was prevalent among higher risk participants, and was associated with experience of past unhelpful reactions and “avoidance of stigmatized consequences.” Allowing for nondisclosure creates potential psychometric and classification advantages, and may be a safe and effective way to encourage discussion of barriers, build trust, maximize patient autonomy, and ultimately facilitate accurate risk disclosure to improve assessment validity.
Real-World Outcomes and Factors Associated With the Second-Line Treatment of Patients With Gastric, Gastroesophageal Junction, or Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Barzi Afsaneh , Hess Lisa M. , Zhu Yajun E. , Liepa Astra M. , Sugihara Tomoko , Beyrer Julie , Chao Joseph
Published: May 2019

This retrospective observational study was designed to evaluate overall survival in a real-world patient population and to identify predictive factors associated with receipt of second-line therapy. A retrospective analysis of electronic medical records (Flatiron Health, New York) was conducted among patients initiating first-line therapy from January 1, 2013, through April 30, 2018. Eligible patients were diagnosed with advanced gastric, gastroesophageal junction, or esophageal adenocarcinoma and ≥18 years of age at the time of treatment initiation. Patients alive 45 days after discontinuation of first-line therapy were considered potentially eligible for continued therapy and were categorized into those who received and those who did not receive second-line therapy. Survival analyses were conducted using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test without adjusting for any baseline covariates. Factors associated with further treatment were evaluated using logistic regression. A total of 3850 patients met eligibility criteria. Among the 2516 patients available to receive second-line therapy, 1515 (60.2%) received second-line therapy and 1001 (39.8%) did not receive further therapy. Among those potentially eligible to receive second-line therapy, median survival was 15.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.6-16.0) from initiation of first-line therapy for those who received second-line therapy and 10.0 months (95% CI: 9.3-10.7) for those who did not. Longer duration of first-line therapy (≥169 vs ≤84 days), HER2-positive tumors, initially diagnosed with stage IV disease, less weight loss during first-line therapy, and younger age were associated with receipt of second-line therapy (all P < .001). Longer survival was associated with multiple lines of therapy; however, these results should be interpreted with caution, and no causal relationship can be inferred.
Atorvastatin and Fenofibrate Exert Opposite Effects on the Vascularization and Characteristics of Visceral Adipose Tissue in New Zealand White Rabbits
Authors: Mondragón-García Andrea , Luna-Luna María , Flores-Castillo Cristobal , Aranda-Fraustro Alberto , Carreón-Torres Elizabeth , López-Olmos Victoria , Fragoso José Manuel , Vargas-Alarcón Gilberto , Pérez-Méndez Óscar
Published: May 2019

Statins may precipitate the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in high-risk patients. In contrast, only the subset of individuals with insulin resistance and/or diabetes receives cardiovascular benefits with fibrates. In this context, previous observations from our laboratory suggested that atorvastatin induced an increase in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), whereas fenofibrate had the opposite effects in rabbits. Therefore, we determined the mass, morphology, and vascularization of VAT in New Zealand white rabbits (n = 6/group) that received 0.33 or 2.6 mg/kg/d of atorvastatin or fenofibrate, respectively, during 2 months. As expected, the cholesterol from the atorvastatin group was lower after treatment, while triglycerides decreased in the fenofibrate group. The mass of VAT from the fenofibrate group was 46% lower compared to the controls, meanwhile atorvastatin was associated with a larger diameter of adipocytes (+65%) than that of the control and fenofibrate groups. Fibroblast growth factor 2 ( FGF2) gene expression was lower in the fenofibrate group than in the control group (−54%). By contrast, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) gene expression in fenofibrate-treated rabbits was 110% higher than in the control group. In agreement with the gene expression, the marker of angiogenesis platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 was slightly but significantly higher (+10%) in rabbits treated with fenofibrate than in controls, as determined by immunohistochemistry. These results suggest that fenofibrate is associated with a favorable remodeling of VAT, that is, reduced mass and increased vascularization in normolipemic rabbits; in contrast, atorvastatin induced a nonfavorable remodeling of VAT. These results may be related to the cardiovascular benefits of fenofibrate and the increased risk of T2D in high-risk patients induced by atorvastatin.
The “Exotic Other”: A Poetic Autoethnography of Two Muslim Teachers in Higher Education
Authors: Elbelazi Samah A. , Alharbi Lama
Published: May 2019

Considering the current political climate and the terrorist attacks associated with few Muslims around the world, being Muslim females in the United States is challenging. While our religious identity is visible by our Islamic attire, we found ourselves in the frontlines fighting against hatred, stereotypes, bigotry, and racism toward Muslims. In this article, we present our experiences of living a non-White existence when teaching at a White institution in higher education in the United States. Adding to the existing body of research about Muslims in the United States, the study aims at shedding the lights on this experience of Muslim female academics to raise awareness about such struggle and to promote more inclusive environment for Muslims in educational sphere. To voice these experiences, we utilized poetry as a research method by selecting poems from our poetic autoethnography. The analysis of the poems revealed three major themes: (a) Conceptualizing Agency, (b) The Muslim Ban, and (c) Challenging Diversity. In addition, the findings of the study suggest that poetry can be healing and empowering.
anecdotal
Authors: Prendergast Monica
Published: May 2019

A poem based on an encounter with an audience member by the author following a prison theater production that the author was in as a mentor actor working alongside male inmates. The poem was presented as part of a panel on Applied Theater and Change—that is, how are we to know that change has occurred as a result of an applied theater experience or performance—at the triennial International Drama in Education Research Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand in July of 2018.
What Gives Life to Large System Change?
Authors: Waddock Sandra , Kuenkel Petra
Published: May 2019

This article argues that the capacity to create the large system change needed to deal with “grand challenges” like the Sustainable Development Goals, sustainability, or climate change can be enhanced by understanding and applying a core set of principles, drawn from multiple sources and levels of analysis that have explored the question of “what gives life.” These sources all—albeit in different ways—apply the question, what “gives life” to different types of systems, and how this relates to the (so far as we know) uniquely human capacity for reflection. We identify six principles that “give life” to systems—intentional generativity, permeable containment, emerging novelty, contextual interconnectedness and requisite diversity, mutually enhancing wholeness, and proprioceptive consciousness—then provide guidance for change agents and scholars, as well as an illustrative example of the principles in action. These six principles provide a foundation for thinking about how to create flourishing human systems in organizations, social change, and global sustainability transformation.
Off-label Uses of Topical Pimecrolimus
Authors: Ladda Matthew , Sandhu Vijay , Ighani Arvin , Yeung Jensen
Published: May 2019

Pimecrolimus is a topical calcineurin inhibitor currently approved for second-line use in the management of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis in patients age 2 years and older. Given the safety profile and nonsteroidal mechanism of pimecrolimus, there has been significant interest in its use in the treatment of a variety of dermatological conditions. This article reviews research that has been published on the off-label uses of topical pimecrolimus, with a focus on published RCTs. Convincing evidence exists supporting pimecrolimus’ efficacy in oral lichen planus and seborrheic dermatitis. For other conditions studied to date, pimecrolimus may prove to be a useful treatment alternative when conventional agents fail. Adverse events seen with its off-label use were typically application site reactions, the most common being a transient burning sensation. In summary, pimecrolimus appears to be an effective agent in the treatment of multiple dermatological conditions and may be worth considering as a pharmacologic alternative in several conditions when first-line treatment fails, or for areas that are more susceptible to the adverse effects of topical corticosteroids.
Pastoral penality in 1970s Ireland: Addressing the pains of imprisonment
Authors: Brangan Louise
Published: May 2019

This article aims to deepen and broaden our US- and UK-centric theories and histories of late 20th-century penal transformation. Using oral history interviews with civil servants, archival research and analysis of published documents, this article investigates Ireland’s delayed progressive penal transformation in the 1970s. It challenges the dominant narrative that Irish penal policy was stagnant or merely pragmatic during this period and provides cultural, social and political explanations for Ireland’s changing penal culture. These findings also show the limitations of penal welfarism for sufficiently capturing the character of Ireland’s progressive penal ideas and intentions. The article outlines the concept of pastoral penality as an alternative kind of progressive penal politics. Pastoral penality focuses on the problems of the prison, rather than the problems of the prisoner, who is not viewed as inherently criminal and in need of treatment. Instead they require support in coping with the harms of imprisonment.
Investigating politics through artistic practices: Affect resonance of creative publics
Authors: Mahoney Tara , Lesage Frédérik , Zuurbier Peter
Published: May 2019

While artistic practices have been central to political movements throughout the 20th century, much analysis treats these modes of expression as distinct or separate from more traditional forms of civic practices and everyday political participation. Building on discussions of the cultural turn in civic agency and the shortcoming of cultural citizenship, the authors of this article interrogate the relationship between affect, artistic practices and participatory politics. We discuss the findings from a research project in which the researchers worked with artist-facilitators involved in a community engagement initiative around the 2015 Canadian Federal Election. The investigation made use of an innovative combination of qualitative methods including probe-based research methods to better understand how participatory artistic practices can play a role in the election cycle. Through an account of our investigation conducted with these artists, we explore the role of artistic practices and emotion in navigating the distinctions between politics and the political in everyday life.
Automating the audience commodity: The unacknowledged ancestry of programmatic advertising
Authors: McGuigan Lee
Published: May 2019

Programmatic advertising describes techniques for automating and optimizing transactions in the audience marketplace. Facilitating real-time bidding for audience impressions and personalized targeting, programmatic technologies are at the leading edge of digital, data-driven advertising. But almost no research considers programmatic advertising within a general history of information technology in commercial media industries. The computerization of advertising and media buying remains curiously unexamined. Using archival sources, this study situates programmatic advertising within a longer trajectory, focusing on the incorporation of electronic data processing into the spot television business, starting in the 1950s. The article makes three contributions: it illustrates that (1) demands for information, data processing, and rapid communications have long been central to advertising and media buying; (2) automation “ad tech” developed gradually through efforts to coordinate and accelerate transactions; and (3) the use of computers to increase efficiency and approach mathematical optimization reformatted calculative resources for media and marketing decisions.
Ab initio study of mechanism of forming a Si-heterocyclic spiro-Sn-heterocyclic ring compound by cycloaddition reaction of Me2Si=Sn: and ethene
Authors: Tan Xiaojun , Lu Xiuhui
Published: May 2019

X2Si=Sn: (X = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, Ph, Ar, etc.) are a new chemical species. The cycloaddition reactions of X2Si=Sn: are a new field of stannylene chemistry. The mechanism of the cycloaddition reaction between singlet state Me2Si=Sn: and ethene has been investigated for the first time here using second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory together with the 6-311++G** basis set for C, H and Si atoms and the LanL2dz basis set for Sn atoms. From the potential energy profile, it could be predicted that the reaction has one dominant reaction channel. The reaction process presented is that the 5p unoccupied orbital of Sn in Me2Si=Sn: and the π orbital of ethene form a π → p donor–acceptor bond resulting in the formation of an intermediate. The instability of this intermediate makes it isomerize to a four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring stannylene. Because the 5p unoccupied orbital of the Sn atom in the four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring stannylene and the π orbital of ethene form a π → p donor–acceptor bond, the four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring stannylene further combines with ethene to form another intermediate. Because the Sn atom in this intermediate assumes sp3 hybridization after the transition state, the intermediate isomerizes to a Si-heterocyclic spiro-Sn-heterocyclic ring compound. This result indicates the modes of cycloaddition reactions between X2Si=Sn: and symmetric π-bonded compounds, i.e. this study opens up a new field for stannylene chemistry.
The emergence of the Bristol School of Multiculturalism
Authors: Uberoi Varun , Modood Tariq
Published: May 2019

Geoffrey Brahm Levey plausibly describes how a group of scholars who he calls the ‘Bristol School of Multiculturalism’ (BSM) differ from scholars who are often called Liberal Multiculturalists (LMs). We expand Levey's analysis by showing what in the history of the BSM's thought made the liberalism and the multiculturalism of LMs unconvincing for BSM scholars. Hence, we show how certain thinkers influenced BSM scholars in ways that made them unwilling to offer liberal theories and how BSM scholars began their work with multiculturalist ideas that differ from the multiculturalist ideas of LMs.
The Implementation of Dementia Care Mapping in a Randomized Controlled Trial in Long-Term Care: Results of a Process Evaluation
Authors: Surr Claire A. , Griffiths Alys W. , Kelley Rachael , Holloway Ivana , Walwyn Rebecca E. A. , Martin Adam , McDermid Joanne , Chenoweth Lynn , Farrin Amanda J.
Published: May 2019

This study explored intervention implementation within a pragmatic, cluster randomized controlled trial of Dementia Care Mapping™ (DCM) in UK care homes. DCM is a practice development tool comprised of a 5 component cycle (staff briefing, mapping observations, data analysis and reporting, staff feedback, and action planning) that supports delivery of person-centered care. Two staff from the 31 intervention care homes were trained in DCM and asked to deliver 3 cycles over a 15-month period, supported by a DCM expert during cycle 1. Implementation data were collected after each mapping cycle. There was considerable variability in DCM implementation fidelity, dose, and reach. Not all homes trained 2 mappers on schedule, and some found it difficult to retain mappers. Only 26% of homes completed more than 1 cycle. Future DCM trials in care home settings should consider additional methods to support intervention completion including intervention delivery being conducted with ongoing external support.
A Narrative History of African American Marching Band: Toward A Historicultural Understanding
Authors: Clark Robert H.
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to construct a concise historical narrative of the development and characteristics of African American styles of marching band. While some extant research studies have been published in this area of study, the focus has been primarily on individual exemplary teachers or university band programs. In this article, much of the available published and unpublished scholarly work was reviewed for synthesis into narrative form. Unique style characteristics of African American marching bands are identified and tied to historical developments. The author proposes that African American styles of marching band be examined as an art form through the lens of historicultural research.
Perceptions of Sexual Infidelity in Rural Cambodia: A Qualitative Study of Adolescent Men
Authors: Thapa Roshna , Yang Youngran , Nget Manndy
Published: May 2019

Sexual infidelity plays a significant role in the high rate of spousal transmission of HIV in Cambodia. The sexual beliefs and attitudes of a person begin in childhood and are developed through multiple chains in early adolescence, affecting his or her future sexual behavior and future incidence of HIV. A deeper understanding of the perspectives of adolescents regarding infidelity is critical to effective HIV prevention efforts during adulthood. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explored the perceptions of male adolescents regarding male infidelity. Through the thematic analysis method, themes and subcategories were developed from the responses of 48 male high school students from three provinces. Majority of the participants ( n = 33) were found to have liberal attitudes not only toward male infidelity but also toward the high possibility of their own future infidelity ( n = 14). Almost 45% ( n = 21) of the participants explained that men would fulfill their sexual desires outside, such as in karaoke, when their wives are unable to have sex with them. Participants believed it annoying for men to disclose their extramarital activities to their wives. The study concluded that the participants hold accepting perceptions about infidelity; they are part of the HIV problem and must be part of the solution. Educators and counselors need to deliver age-appropriate, scientifically correct, and culturally relevant messages about sexual health and HIV prevention to growing adolescents.
Mixing Beyond Measure: Integrating Methods in a Hybrid Effectiveness–Implementation Study of Operating Room to Intensive Care Unit Handoffs
Authors: Perfetti Ross H. , Peifer Hannah , Massa Scott , Di Taranti Laura J. , Choudhary Mahrukh , Collard Meredith , George Della , Wang Cecilia , Beidas Rinad , Barg Frances K. , Lane-Fall Meghan B.
Published: May 2019

During hospital handoffs, patient care and information are transferred between teams. Handoffs can expose patients to preventable harm related to lost information or misunderstandings between care teams. In the Handoffs and Transitions in Critical Care (HATRICC) project, we used a convergent mixed methods approach to design, implement, and evaluate a standardized process for handoffs between operating rooms and intensive care units. The value of this work to the field of mixed methods research is in illustrating how sustained, real-time integration of qualitative and quantitative methods contribute to an appropriate, acceptable, and ultimately more effective intervention. This approach allows for a nuanced understanding of implementation and effectiveness outcomes in a high-acuity clinical discipline largely characterized by quantitative approaches to improvement research.
The Potential Effect of Different Doses of Ionizing Radiation on Genes and Disease
Authors: Lin Cheng-Chia , Wu Lawrence Shih-Hsin , Lee Kuei-Fang
Published: May 2019

Aim:

The chromosomal aberrations induced by radiation appear about nonrandomly distributed across the whole genome. Previous studies have shown that chromosomes with high DNA content are less frequently involved in the formation of symmetrical translocations and dicentric chromosomes than expected, whereas smaller chromosomes are more frequently involved. We hypothesized that these translocation regions are linked to radiation sensitivity.

Materials and methods:

We investigated the frequencies of chromosome translocations induced by radiation exposure and adjusted the results according to chromosome length. We specifically analyzed whole blood samples from 3 participants. The samples were irradiated using 60Co at doses of 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 Gy. Traditional Giemsa-trypsin-Wright band staining was performed to identify the translocations in the chromosomes, and results were compared with microarray data generated in our previous study.

Results:

Our analysis indicated that chromosomes 9q were the most sensitive to translocations after various doses of radiation, and such translocations occurred in the euchromatin region. Chromosomes 1, 9, 15, and 17 were more sensitive to radiation doses of 0.5 Gy. This observation could be useful when selecting sensitive reference chromosomes in the low-dose region. The results of expression profiling analysis for radiation-sensitive regions were similar to those of chromosome translocation analysis.

Conclusion:

This study shows that some chromosomes or genomic regions are more sensitive to alteration by radiation exposure.
Effect of nanoparticles on quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of strain hardening cementitious composite
Authors: Chen Zhitao , Yang Yingzi , Yao Yan
Published: May 2019

The nanomaterials-modified strain hardening cementitious composites were prepared in this study. The split Hopkinson pressure bar technique was used to conduct the dynamic compressive test. The dynamic compressive properties were evaluated and compared with the quasi-static properties. The experimental results indicated that the addition of nanomaterials had positive effect on improvement of the strength and toughness of strain hardening cementitious composite. The strain hardening cementitious composite with and without adding nanomaterials showed an obvious strain rate dependence, and the nanomaterials-modified strain hardening cementitious composite was more sensitive to the strain rate.
Facebook advertising for recruitment of midlife women with bothersome vaginal symptoms: A pilot study
Authors: Guthrie Katherine A , Caan Bette , Diem Susan , Ensrud Kristine E , Greaves Sharon R , Larson Joseph C , Newton Katherine M , Reed Susan D , LaCroix Andrea Z
Published: May 2019

Background

The MsFLASH (Menopause Strategies: Finding Lasting Answers for Symptoms and Health) Network recruited into five randomized clinical trials (n = 100–350) through mass mailings. The fifth trial tested two interventions for postmenopausal vulvovaginal symptoms (itching, pain, irritation, dryness, or pain with sex) and thus required a high level of sensitivity to privacy concerns. For this trial, in addition to mass mailings we pilot tested a social media recruitment approach. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of recruiting healthy midlife women with bothersome vulvovaginal symptoms to participate in the Vaginal Health Trial through Facebook advertising.

Methods

As part of a larger advertising campaign that enrolled 302 postmenopausal women for the 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Vaginal Health Trial from April 2016 to February 2017, Facebook advertising was used to recruit 25 participants. The target population for recruitment by mailings and by Facebook ads included women aged 50–70 years and living within 20 miles of study sites in Minneapolis, MN and Seattle, WA. Design of recruitment letters and Facebook advertisements was informed by focus group feedback. Facebook ads were displayed in the “newsfeed” of targeted users and included a link to the study website. Response rates and costs are described for both online ads and mailing.

Results

Facebook ads ran in Minneapolis for 28 days and in Seattle for 15 days, with ads posted and removed from the site as needed based on clinic flow and a set budget limit. Our estimated Facebook advertising reach was over 200,000 women; 461 women responded and 25 were enrolled at a cost of US$14,813. The response rate per estimated reach was 0.22%; costs were US$32 per response and US$593 per randomized participant. The social media recruitment results varied by site, showing greater effectiveness in Seattle than in Minneapolis. We mailed 277,000 recruitment letters; 2166 women responded and 277 were randomized at a cost of US$98,682. The response rate per letter sent was 0.78%; costs were US$46 per response and US$356 per randomized participant. Results varied little across sites.

Conclusion

Recruitment to a clinical trial testing interventions for postmenopausal vaginal symptoms is feasible through social media advertising. Variability in observed effectiveness and costs may reflect the small sample sizes and limited budget of the pilot recruitment study.
Does Self-Determination Theory help explain the impact of social prescribing? A qualitative analysis of patients’ experiences of the Glasgow ‘Deep-End’ Community Links Worker Intervention
Authors: Hanlon Peter , Gray Cindy M , Chng Nai Rui , Mercer Stewart W
Published: May 2019

Objectives

The Links Worker Programme is a primary care-based social prescribing initiative in Glasgow, Scotland, targeting patients with complex needs in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation. The programme aims to improve wellbeing by connecting patients to appropriate community resources. This study explored the utility of Self-Determination Theory in understanding the reported impacts of the intervention.

Methods

Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 12 patients (34–64 years, six female) referred to Community Links Practitioners using Self-Determination Theory as a framework. Impact was assessed from participants’ description of their personal circumstances before and after interaction with the Community Links Practitioner.

Results

Four patients described no overall change in daily life, two described slight improvement and six described moderate or major improvement. Improvers described satisfaction of the three psychological needs identified in Self-Determination Theory: relatedness, competence and autonomy. This often related to greater participation in community activities and sense of competence in social interaction. Patients who benefitted most described a change towards more intrinsic regulation of behaviour following the intervention.

Conclusions

Understanding the impact of this social prescribing initiative was facilitated by analysis using Self-Determination Theory. Self-Determination Theory may therefore be a useful theoretical framework for the development and evaluation of new interventions in this setting.
Examining a model of scholarship for social justice
Authors: Waluyo Budi , Eng Sothy , Wiseman Alexander W
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to measure the impact of international scholarship programs for social justice – a case study of the Ford Foundation International Fellowships Program (IFP), the first model of scholarships for social justice. The human capability approach advanced by Amartya Sen is selected to conceptualize the measurement of the impacts. This study attempts to propose an alternative approach, which allows scholarship sponsors to see scholarship impact on the matter of people’s capabilities, rather than economic growth. By using the data from the 2012 IFP Alumni surveys ( n = 1,794, 49.4% female, 50.6% male) and the fellows data ( n = 422, 47.6% female, 52.4% male) collected in 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006 by the Center for Higher Education Policy Studies, this study examined the relationships of the very foundational rationale behind the creation of IFP as well as the proposed structural equation model built upon the human capability approach with fellows’ impacts on social justice in their home country. Structural equation modelling was employed as the statistical technique. The results of the analyses revealed that: (a) fellows’ success of choices were positively related to fellows’ impacts on social justice; and (b) fellows’ capabilities and achieved functionings positively predicted fellows’ impacts on social justice. The proposed structural equation model was proved to be theoretically sound and explain the data well.
Simulated skiing as a measurement tool for performance in cross-country sit-skiing
Authors: Rosso Valeria , Linnamo Vesa , Rapp Walter , Lindinger Stefan , Karczewska-Lindinger Magdalena , Vanlandewijck Yves , Gastaldi Laura
Published: May 2019

The International Paralympic Committee mandates the development of an evidence-based classification system, which requires a measure of performance. Performance in cross-country sit-skiing is mainly dependent on force generated during the poling phase and is enhanced by trunk flexion–extension movements. Since all sit-skiers have neuromuscular impairment, but different ability to control the trunk, this study aimed to verify if simulated action of poling on an adapted ergometer, together with a cluster analysis, could be used for grouping participants with different impairments according to their performance. On the ergometer, eight male and five female participants performed seven poling cycles at maximal speed, while sitting on personal sit-ski. Based on maximal speed, generated force, cycle characteristics, and trunk kinematics, cluster analysis divided participants into three groups showing good accuracy, sensitivity, and precision. Although a validation of this exploratory study is necessary, skiing on the ergometer could be considered as sport-specific measure of performance and may become an interesting tool in the development of an evidence-based classification system for cross-country sit-skiing.