bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Well Is Cannabis Legalization Curtailing the Illegal Market? A Multi-wave Analysis of Canada’s National Cannabis Survey
Authors: Hathaway Andrew D. , Cullen Greggory , Walters David
Published: July 2021

In 2018, the government of Canada legalized cannabis for non-medical use. In addition to safeguarding public health, the main objective was to divert profits from the illicit market and restricting its availability to youth. This dramatic shift in policy direction introduces new challenges for the criminal justice system due to the persistence of unlawful distribution among persons who refuse to abide by the new law. Continuing unlawful distribution is foreseeable, in part, because of stringent measures to reduce availability by targeting participants in the illegal market. Recognizing that the most heavy, frequent, users account for the majority of cannabis consumed—and are the group most likely to keep purchasing from dealers because of lower costs and easy access—the illegal market will continue to provide a substantial (albeit unknown) proportion of the total volume. The recent change in policy in Canada provides new opportunities for research to assess how legalization of cannabis affects its use and distribution patterns. The National Cannabis Survey (NCS), administered at three-month intervals, allows for multi-wave comparison of prevalence statistics and point of purchase information before and after legalization. Drawing on the NCS, this article examines the extent to which the primary supply source has changed across the provinces, controlling for other factors and consumer characteristics. Findings are interpreted with reference to studies of cannabis law reform in North America informing research and policy observers in these and other jurisdictions, undergoing or considering, similar reforms.
A further step forward in measuring journals’ technological factor
Authors: Guerrero-Bote Vicente P. , Moed Henk F. , De-Moya-Anegón Félix
Published: July 2021

A new indicator of technological impact of a scientific journal is presented, based on citations in patent applications to papers published in that journal. Key characteristics are that patent citations are aggregated by patent family, and that not all citations are considered equal. To each family citation a weight is assigned that is proportional to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the countries in which protection is requested, to take into account the costs and expected benefits of patenting, and inversely proportional to the number of cited references in a patent family, as a way to correct for differences in citation frequencies in patent applications among technological fields. Around one third of journals indexed in Scopus have at least one citation from patent applications in a 5-year citation window. The distribution of the technological impact scores among journals can be modelled as a power law distribution, with the slope being a little smoother than that of common scientific impact indicators SJR and JIF. However, the correlations between technological and scientific impact indicators are mostly low or moderate, which shows that they measure quite different aspects of journal or research performance.
Impact of a Molecular Sequencing Systematic at Diagnosis in Digestive Oncology: Experience of a French Center
Authors: de Rauglaudre Bernadette , de Rauglaudre Bernadette , Norguet-Monnereau Emmanuelle , Duluc Muriel , Nanni Isabelle , Mancini Julien , Dahan Laetitia
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Tumor-based molecular profiling has increased in the area of precision medicine. Their routine use is still limited by accessibility, cost and availability of tumor material.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analysed the treatment received and the survival data of patients with digestive cancer who received molecular high-throughput sequencing (NGS) analyses at diagnosis. The primary objective of this single-center study was to compare the overall survival of patients who were treated with molecularly matched therapy with patients who received standard therapy. Median overall survival was calculated from initial disease diagnosis to death.
Results: 528 patients were referred to the Digestive Oncology Department of the Timone Hospital in Marseille between January 2018, and November 2020 for management of digestive cancer and received high-throughput molecular sequencing. Among them, 461 patients had a digestive carcinoma (75 of them were excluded because of the presence of a GIST or a neuroendocrine tumor, a digestive localization of extra digestive cancer or the absence of follow-up in our center) and 275 had metastatic disease (synchronous or metachronous). For metastatic patients, actionable molecular alterations were identified in95 patients (43.5%) and for 13 patients (4.7%) a molecularly matched therapy was administered. There was no significant difference in median overall survival between patients who received matched therapy than patients who did not receive molecularly matched therapy (2.89 [95%CI 1.84 - 3.93] vs. 2.86 [95%CI 1.52 - 4.19], p=0.671).
Conclusion: This study suggests that high-throughput genomics can improve management of patients. Although these results did not show a benefit in overall survival for tumors who harboured such actionable molecular alterations and who received molecularly matched therapy, than patients who did not receive molecularly matched therapy, they are promising. Randomized trials are needed to confirm that there is a benefit to treating patients with matched therapy based on NGS.
İngiltere’de Kamu Personelinin “Whisteblowing” Eylemi ve Yönetim Etiği Açısından Önemi
Authors: YILDIZ ÖZSALMANLI Ayşe
Published: July 2021

Etik değerler/etik kodlar, çağımızda kamu yönetiminde önemi artan ilkelerdir. Etik ilkeler konusunda İngiltere özel bir öneme sahiptir. Çünkü bu konuda önemli ilkeler koyan ve uygulayan örnek bir ülkedir. Ayrıca dünyada kamu personel yönetimi ilkelerini(liyakat, kariyer, eşitlik, tarafsızlık vb.) uygulamada da başarılı görülmektedir. Avrupa ülkeleri içinde açıklık, performans denetimi, yönetişim, toplam kalite yönetimi, liderlik, stratejik yönetim, zaman ve itibar yönetimi vb. konusunda da örnek olmuştur. Diğer yandan İngiltere’deki “whistleblowing” kavramı, işleyişi ve uygulamaları, etik yönetimi geliştirme açısından incelenmeye değerdir. Bu çalışma İngiltere’nin kurumsallaşmış olan kamu personel yönetimi ve etik yönetiminin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı getirmektedir. Bizlere İngiltere’nin “whistleblowing” uygulamalarını tanıtmaktadır. Konu üzerine Türkiye açısından bir değerlendirme de yapılmaktadır.
The Evaluation of Harm and Purity Transgressions in Africans: A Paradigmatic Replication of Rottman and Young (2019)
Authors: Adetula Adeyemi , Forscher Patrick S. , Basnight-Brown Dana , Wagge Jordan Rose , Namalima Takondwa Rex , Kaphesi Frank Ephraim , Kaliyapa Wickson , Mulungu Kennedy , Silungwe Walusungu , Gopye Polycarp Chamkat , MALINGUMU WINFRIDA , Azouaghe Soufian , Alsayed Ebaa , Ndukaihe Izuchukwu Lawrence Gabriel , Kalongonda Milton , Dennis Uba Donald , Dzuka Alert , CHARYATE Abdelilah , Adetula Gabriel Agboola , Ogbonnaya Chisom , shanka Mesay Sata , Eze Nsi , Enworo Oko , Arinze Nwadiogo Chisom , Gold Zione , Abolade Saheed , Shumiye Olawu , Primbs Maximilian , IJzerman Hans
Published: July 2021

Improving the generalizability of psychology findings to a culture requires sampling participants in that culture. Yet psychology studies rarely sample from Africa, even though Africa represents 17% of the global population. While Africans can leverage the credibility revolution initiatives to increase rigor and global representation, capacity building might speed the spread of these initiatives. This study investigated an African-wide replication study to test whether Rottman and Young’s “mere-trace” hypothesis of moral reasoning (that people are more sensitive to the dosage of harm-based transgressions than purity transgressions) extends to several African communities. We used a training method developed by the Collaborative Replication and Education Project to train 23 African collaborators. During this process, we conducted a paradigmatic replication of Rottman’s and Young’s test of the mere trace hypothesis in twelve contributing African sites from Burkina Faso, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, and Tanzania that sampled 783 participants after exclusions. Consistent with the original claim using US samples, our African participants judged severe harm transgressions as more wrong than less severe ones but were not as sensitive to severity for purity transgressions (bdomain x dose = -4.63; p < .01). Moreover, the effect of dosage was smaller than reported among the US sample, and our African participants rated all transgression scenarios more wrong than the US sample. Poor facilities limited our sample to five African countries and to Africans dwelling in urban communities. Moral psychology should broaden its moral issues beyond the ones investigated in the original study to include those Africans considered important.
The Psychological Condition of STIQ Amuntai Student’s in Learning Arabic
Authors: Rifa'i Ahmad , Hidayati Erma , Purnamasari S.
Published: July 2021

This study discussed  the psychological condition  of STIQ Amuntai students in learning Arabic and the factors that  affect the psychological condition of STIQ Amuntai students in learning Arabic. This study aimed  to determine the psychological condition of students of the Al-Quran College of Science in learning Arabic, both students with  religious education background such as Aliyah/Islamic boarding schools and students with public schools background such as high schools, vocational schools. This study also  discussed the factors that  influenced  the psychological condition of students during learning  Arabic. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The  data  were collected by  observation, interviews, and documentation. The process of data analysis is by examining all observed data from  related to Arabic learning, checking the validity of the findings by author participation. The conclusion from  this study can be argued that the psychological condition of STIQ Amuntai students in learning Arabic was  not good, they were less enthusiastic and confused when learning Arabic. It is due to several factors, namely:  diverse school backgrounds and lack  insights about Arabic such as a lack of management of Arabic learning materials. Beside that they were  faced with various other subject matter and the obligation to memorize al-Quran, thus the interest and enthusiasm gradually diminished. The  lecturer background  is in accordance with their education and the syllabus is in line  with  the campus syllabus.  The  teaching methods were not suitable for students abilities. Campus environment that did not  use Arabic both from superiors and students. There were inadequate facilities and infrastructure, such as language laboratories that were not used according to their function.
Arabic Quizzes Game to Improve Arabic Vocabulary
Authors: Putria Annindita Hartono , Permatasari Fira Eka , Hijriyah Athiyah Laila , Mauludiyah Lailatul
Published: July 2021

Learning media has experienced many variations along with the development of technology. Learning and playing are activities that are not only carried out by children but also by adults. Educational games as visual media are games that are packaged to support and increase users' thinking and concentration. The use of educational game technology in the teaching and learning process is an interactive learning technique. Mastery of Arabic vocabulary is very important, seeing from the many educational games that use this international language. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness and benefits of educational games as well as learning designs using educational game content. In this study, researchers used quantitative methods that were supported by population and sampling. The development of this educational game was carried out by collecting data in the form of interviews as the main technique, documentation and observation as supporting techniques. The results in this study state that educational games are an effective and interactive medium in increasing Arabic vocabulary at the higher education level. This is because educational games can increase learning motivation and can make it easier for students to understand the material.
al-‘Arabiyah Linnasyi'in: Analysis of Teaching Materials By Mahmud Ismail Shini, Nashif Musthofa Abdul 'Aziz, and Mukhtar Thahir Husain
Authors: Hidayatullah Andri
Published: July 2021

Learning resources are an important aspect in the learning process, various models of arabic learning resources are raised by experts in accordance with the results of their research and development. In line with that the book "al-'Arabiyyah Linnasyi'in" is one of the various sources of Arabic language learning that is widely used in educational institutions, but how the method of writing this book has not been revealed so that it is interesting for Arabic teachers to make it as a source of learning, therefore this research aims to know the form of presentation used in the teaching book "al-'Arabiyyah Linnasyi'in". This research uses qualitative descriptive approach, the data source used is the book "al-'Arabiyyah Linnasyi'in", as well as other works related to the preparation of textbooks. The data is collected by carefully reading the themes related to the focus of the research. The research data was analyzed using critical analysis. The results prove that the preparation of the book al-'Arabaiyyah Linnasyi'in compiled by nazhariyyah al-wihdah method and theory, this finding is based on the material on the aspect of vocabulary, sentence structure in terms of organizing material, presentation of vocabulary, presentation of structures arranged without fundamental separation, in addition the material is arranged in stages so as to allow users of this book to understand it sequentially.
THE DIRECTIONS FOR OPTIMIZING UKRAINE’S EXPORT POTENTIAL OF GRAIN CROPS IN THE CONTEXT OF CHANGING CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
Authors: VASYLKOVSKA Kateryna , VASYLKOVSKYI Oleksii , POPOVA Svitlana , Malakhovska Valentyna
Published: July 2021

"The production and yield of grain crops in Ukraine from 2000 to 2019 was analysed in the article. The comparative analysis of gross harvest
and export of grain during these years was carried out and the dependence of exports on gross harvest and its share was determined. The results point
out that the export of grain crops has increased over the years under research, which indicates Ukraine’s significant export potential. Thus, leaving
for the needs of the country from 16.0 to 36.6 million tons of grain (on average, 25.9 million tons), Ukrainian farmers export an average of 40.7% of the crop. During the period from 2000 to 2019, the gross harvest of grains in the country averaged 48.4 million tons resulting in the annual potential share of exports of at least 22.4 million tons. It was also found that the increase in the share of exports was made possible
by a qualitative change in yield, which was due to the changes in crop growing technology. However, with global warming and climate change,
new challenges for agricultural producers are emerging. The
recommendations were given in order to improve the crop growing technology that will allow to overcome these challenges, further increase
yields and Ukraine's export potential.
"
MARKETING IN TIMES OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC: TACKLING SUPPLY CHAIN FRAGILITY THROUGH EU ECONOMIC AND REGULATORY POLICIES BASED ON 5G NETWORK IMPLEMENTATION AND BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Daj Alexis
Published: July 2021

The ongoing coronavirus pandemic - in juxtaposition with recurring evidence of the negative effects of global climate change - has stress tested the overwhelming majority of worldwide supply networks. The dire sanitary crisis has shown that free market mechanisms alone are not able to resuscitate the broken links of the global economic system, and thus the need for a novel mix of economic, regulatory, and technology-based government policies became more evident than ever. Against this backdrop and with an emphasis on the EU, the present paper gives an overview of the possible pathways for marketing to embrace the opportunities offered by 5G network implementation and blockchain technologies to tackle supply chain fragility.
HEALTH IN EUROPE
Authors: Constantin Sanda
Published: July 2021

The paper present some aspects about health in Europe taking into consideration the new pandemic context. Some indicators linked with the topic were chosen. The indicators refer to life expectancy at birth, healthy life expectancy at birth and hospital beds per hundred thousand inhabitants as health facility. The information was analysed with statistical indicators. The result shows that the first two analysed indicators have increased in the past years, year by year, except for the last one, which showed a decreasing tendency at the European Union level
THE SYNERGY BETWEEN THE PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT, CREATIVITY IN ACCOUNTING AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Authors: Anton Carmen Elena
Published: July 2021

"This paper aims at studying the relationship between the
professional judgment, creativity in accounting and the accounting policies transposed in a company’s business following the general strategy and its impact on performance. The harmonious application of the three concepts
determines the attainment of the objectives considered by the company management. The study is based on the comparative approach of the results by analysing the accounting treatments stipulated by the applicable laws, which become accounting policies in the architecture of the company policies manual. "
Quality of Life following Chemoradiotherapy for Localized Muscle Invasive Bladder Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Ruiter Ben-Max , Keijzer Abel N. , Hulshof Maarten C.C.M. , Bins Adriaan D. , de Reijke Theo M. , Oddens Jorg R.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND:

Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is an important factor regarding treatment for localized Muscle Invasive Bladder Carcinoma (MIBC), as it may affect choice of treatment. The impact of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for MIBC on HRQoL has not yet been well-established.

OBJECTIVE:

To systematically evaluate evidence regarding HRQoL as assessed by validated questionnaires after definitive treatment with CRT for localized MIBC.

METHODS:

We performed a critical review of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library in October 2020. Two reviewers independently screened articles for eligibility and assessed the methodological quality of the included articles using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. A narrative synthesis was undertaken.

RESULTS:

Of 579 articles identified, 11 studies were eligible for inclusion, including three RCTs and 8 non-randomized studies, reporting on HRQoL data for 606 CRT patients. Global health declined at End of Treatment (EoT), and recovered 3 months following treatment. Physical function declined from baseline at EoT and recovered between 3 and 24 months and was maintained at 5 years follow up. CRT had little effect on social and emotional function in the short-term, but HRQoL results in the long-term were lower compared to the general population. Urinary function declined from baseline at EoT, but returned to baseline at 6 months following CRT. After initial decline in bowel function, a complete return to baseline occurred 4 years following treatment. The majority of studies assessing sexual function showed no to little effect on sexual function.

CONCLUSIONS:

HRQoL recovers to baseline within 3 months to 2 years in almost all domains. The amount of available evidence regarding HRQoL following CRT for MIBC is limited and the quality of evidence is low.
Effect of the frequency of weight-free vibration training on the isokinetic strength of knee muscles in juvenile football players
Authors: Cheng Liang , Xu Hanxiao , He Benxiang , Zhou Jianan
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND:

Vibration training can affect strength improvement. However, the role of the vibration frequency, in terms of knee muscle strength, is unclear.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the effect of vibration training with the same amplitude and different frequencies on the isokinetic muscle strength of the knee in juvenile football players.

METHODS:

Juvenile football players were divided into four groups: low frequency ([Formula: see text] 13, 25 Hz), medium frequency ([Formula: see text] 14, 40 Hz), high frequency ([Formula: see text] 14, 50 Hz), and control ([Formula: see text] 13). The frequency groups completed 12 weeks of weight-free vibration training (three times/week) with the same amplitude (3 mm) but different frequency.

RESULTS:

Compared with baseline, the peak extension torque of the knee at 60[Formula: see text]/s and 240[Formula: see text]/s increased by 8.4% and 12.9%, respectively, in the medium-frequency group, and by 8.9% and 15.5%, respectively, in the high-frequency group. The extensor endurance (the ability of joint muscle groups to maintain a force output over time) of the knee in the high-frequency group increased by 4.3%. At 12 weeks, the high-frequency group had greater knee extensor endurance than the low- and medium-frequency groups.

CONCLUSION:

In juvenile football players, weight-free vibration training at 40 Hz and 50 Hz improves peak torque of the knee extensors at 60[Formula: see text]/s and 240[Formula: see text]/s, while training at 50 Hz improves endurance of the knee extensors.
Advancements in methods to detect and culture medically important anaerobic bacteria
Authors: Badar Javaria , Zaid Muhammad , Rehman Yasir
Published: July 2021

Anaerobic bacteria are one of the most important bacteria, involved in a number of diseases and infections. These are also involved in food borne illness. Due to their fastidious nature, culturing anaerobic bacteria is a bit difficult task. Moreover, anaerobic bacteria can take several days and weeks to grow in laboratories. Apart from this, most bacteria just cannot be cultured in laboratories using standard (anaerobic) cultivation techniques known so far. Difficulties in microbiological detection result in delayed diagnosis of the diseases. Many patients suffer due to these facts, as rapid identification is not only difficult, but in many cases, is almost impossible. Thus, there is a need to develop novel techniques for the cultivation and identification of clinically important anaerobes. Rapid detection of foodborne pathogens is necessary for the prevention of foodborne disease and for the safe supply of food. Present article reviews and discusses advance techniques, both culture-dependent and culture-independent, that allow rapid detection of such important anaerobic bacteria. Advancements in culturing techniques has reduced the time to grow the anaerobic bacteria in laboratories. Whereas advancements in molecular techniques have enabled the rapid detection of medically important anaerobes including Clostridium, Bacteroides, and many others.
Possible Tetraquark Explanation for the Proposed Zcs(3985)−
Authors: Bevelacqua Joseph
Published: July 2021

The recently proposed Zcs(3985)− structure is investigated using a first-order tetraquark mass formula. This mass relationship is based on weakly bound Ds−(c-bar s) + D*0(2007)(c u-bar) and Ds*−(c-bar s) + D0(c u-bar) meson clusters and provides a reasonable prediction (within about 3%) of the measured Zcs(3985)− mass.
Зміст
Authors: Журналу Редколегія
Published: July 2021

Зміст
Impact of Covid-19 on Business Performance: A Case Study of Starbucks
Authors: Sinha Rupesh , Ganatra Varsha , Pandey Priya , Arumugan Deepaa Darshanie Lim A/P , Kee Daisy Mui Hung , Lekha Gopalam Sree , Kumar Navaneetha , Kew Sin Dee , Dhupad Asha , Nair Rajesh Kumar , Tenh Ying Ying , Yue Haoran
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of Covid-19 on business performance of Starbucks. Plenty research of the impact of Covid-19 on the world economy has been done, but this research will focus more on the food and beverage industry, especially one of the famous brands called Starbucks. Qualitative and quantitative research methods such as online research and questionnaires were carried out to ensure the evaluation of the research is fresh, valid and reliable. It is assumed that the impact of Covid-19 has influence the Starbucks financially, economically and socially, which includes the behaviour of consumers towards the company. However, Starbucks was able to remain optimistic and position itself well to overcome the pandemic crisis.
Factors Influencing Consumer Behaviour in Indofood Products during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jian Oh Zi , Binti Ahmad Siti Nur Madhiah , Sin Liem Gai , Hoo Chan Weng , Kee Daisy Mui Hung , Hao Jeremy Tou Jia , Chun Leong Kar , Wee Lim Xin , Valentine Decesta Kelcya , Bin Azhar Mohamad Fikri , Binti Abdullah Norazwa , Rajendran Jeevendra A/L
Published: July 2021

The research aims to determine factors influencing consumer behaviour at PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk during the Covid-19 pandemic. The data processed by analysing the psychological factors, social factors, cultural factors, personal factors and economic factors. A questionnaire survey was employed to collect the data. The questionnaire was distributed to 129 respondents via online platform. Secondary data research methods such as previous journals and reports from used to obtain relevant information in this research. The result showed that psychological factors are considered as factors that influence consumer behaviour in Indofood’s products during COVID-19 pandemic.
The Association between Urinary Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 7 (IGFBP-7) and Renal Recovery in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Emilia  , Zulkhair Ali  , Ian Effendi  , Novadian  , Suprapti  , Mediarty  , Taufik Indrajaya  , Mgs. Irsan Saleh
Published: July 2021

Background. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious medical condition associated with significant increases in morbidity, mortality, cost of care and non recovery of kidney function that leads to progression to chronic kidney disease. Cell cycle arrest is implicated in the pathogenesis and repair process following AKI. The urinary cell-cycle arrest markers tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP-7) have been utilized to predict the risk of AKI in many studies from specific population with good performance. However, their use in predicting recovery is still lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the association between two novel AKI biomarkers, urinary TIMP2 and IGFBP7 and renal recovery after 7 days of treatment in AKI patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang.

Method.  This was a prospective cohort study conducted in dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang from January 2021 until March 2021. Subjects enrolled in this study were patients whom diagnosed AKI based on KDIGO 2012 criteria. Urine samples were collected upon patients’ enrollment within 24 hours of AKI diagnosis. We utilized Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) method to detect urinary TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7 levels. The primary outcome is recovery from AKI after 7 days of treatment. Chi square test is used to analyze the association between urinary TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7 levels and renal recovery.

Results. There were 70 subjects, only 22 of them were recovered after 7 days (31%). Median of urinary TIMP-2 and IGFBP-7 was 0,0047(0,0001-0,1439) [(ng/ml)2/1000]. There was significant association between urinary TIMP2 and IGFBP7 and renal recovery (p=0,027; OR 3,19; 95% CI 1,116-9,128).

Conclusion. There was significant association between urinary TIMP2 and IGFBP7 and renal recovery in AKI patients.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE: EXPRESSION OF SYCOSIS MIASM IN TODAY’S ERA
Authors: Joshi Nidhi , Shah K.B , Chatterjee Arpita , Mangukiya Radha , Panda B.P
Published: July 2021

Background: The word miasm means an infection. Hippocrates was the first who use the term "miasm" which has its origins in the Greek word for taint or fault. He anticipated that certain infectious diseases were transmitted to humans by air and water tainted by miasms. Hahnemann thought that the life power is infected by certain factors and this infection creates the disease. Dr. Hahnemann has recognized three special forms which he has designated as PSORA, SYCOSIS AND SYPHILIS. Which are recognized as ‘Miasm’

Objectives: The objective of the study is to understand the Expression of Sycosis miasm in Today’s Era.

Methods: This Prospective study includes 50 cases that were randomly selected which had predominantly sycotic expression irrespective of age, sex and religion. The symptoms in the case were analyzed for the sycosis expressions. Investigation was carried out as and when required as per the case. The remedy was selected on the basis of totality of symptoms. The remedies were used in various potencies with repetition of doses as per the requirement of the case. The Homoeopathic remedies were selected from Standard Homoeopathic Pharmacy, Response was analyzed into 3 criteria: Mild Improvement, Moderate Improvement, Status quo, Left the treatment.

Results: 50 cases of sycosis expression, both the genders of different age and different family background were analyzed and examined for response the homeopathic treatment. Expression of sycosis miasm was observed more in 31-40 years of age group. In general, sycosis predominantly seen in Male 26 cases. The common mental expression which was easily found out was dominating nature and desire for company and most peculiar was anger, which was expressed in different-different ways e.g., Anger at trifles, anger when contradicted, with abusive language or even throwing things when angry. In physical expression craving for such as sweets and spices. This miasm has aggravation at night in the research it is observed majority complaints of sycosis aggravated at night. The prominent disease conditions observed were hypertension 16%, renal calculi 12%, and diabetes mellitus 9%, hemorrhoids and hypothyroidism 7%, and gout, BPH, DNS, ovarian cyst, fibroids 5% respectively. The medicines selected on the totality of symptoms including miasmatic expression gave moderate improvement in 32% of cases where as mild improvement was observed in 40% of cases. The medicine found to be effective were anti-sycotic medicines like Medorrhinum, Nat. mur, Calc.carb, Apis etc. Lycopodium was prescribed in 20% of cases.

Conclusion: From our study we would like to conclude that sycosis is flourishing miasm in many directions in this world. Along with it, it is most mischievous and difficult to conclude on mental aspect. Because we cannot grab sycotic person from their mind. Here I have made an effort to find out the common features of sycosis in this era which we can effortlessly find out and get from people.

Keywords: miasm, sycosis
Investigating the Changes of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-10 After 8 Weeks of Regular Pilates Exercise and Vitamin D Intake in Overweight Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors:   Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahar Branch, Qaemshahar, Iran., Khodadoust Masoumeh , Habibian Masoumeh ,   Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahar Branch, Qaemshahar, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Background and Aim: Weight gain and vitamin D deficiency are associated with increased systemic inflammation and chronic diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of regular Pilates training associated with Vitamin D intake on Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in overweight males. Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 52 overweight men aged 45-55 years. Volunteers were firstly selected through the convenience sampling method. Then, they were divided into Pilates training, Pilates training + vitamin D supplementation, vitamin D supplementation (combined), and control groups (n=13/group). The provided Pilates training program was performed for 8 weeks (with the intensity of 50%-75% of reserve heart rate, 3 sessions/week). The supplement and combined groups also received 50000 units of oral vitamin D weekly for 8 weeks. The serum levels of variables were determined using the ELISA method. The obtained data were analyzed by Paired Samples t-test, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Kruskal–Wallis test at the significant level of <0.05. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Iran (Code: IR.IAU.BABOL.REC.1398.088). Also, this study was approved by the Iranian Clinical Trial Registration Center (Code: IRCT20190831044650N2) Results: The collected results indicated that 8 weeks of Pilates training, vitamin D intake, and the combined intervention were associated with a significant increase in IL-10 (P<0.001) and a decrease in TNF-α (P<0.001). Additionally, the presented combination intervention was associated with further alternations in the research variables, compared to the other two interventions; however, in the exercise group, the decrease in TNF-α level was more than that in the vitamin D intake group (P=0.012). Conclusion: It seems that in overweight combined with vitamin D deficiency stats, the anti-inflammatory effects of Pilates training, vitamin D supplementation interventions, and a combination of the two methods can be attributed in part to up-regulation IL-10 and TNF-α reduction; however, the effectiveness of the combined intervention on the development of inflammation was greater than that of the other two interventions. Furthermore, the effect of Pilates training on reducing TNF-α was stronger than that of vitamin D supplementation.
Enrichment and Rapid Detection of Vibrio Cholerae From Water by Non-culture Method
Authors:   Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Malek-e-Ashtar University of Technology, Shahin Shahr, Iran., Morad Abolfazl , Zeinoddini Mehdi ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Malek-e-Ashtar University of Technology, Shahin Shahr, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Background and Aim: In the microbial contamination of food and water, identifying the trace amounts of contaminating bacteria has always been of researchers’ interest and concern. The most frequent approach to resolve this problem is using culture-based methods to increase and enrich bacteria samples; accordingly, it extends the bacterial detection process to several hours or days. One of the smart strategies to solve this problem is the concentration of bacteria using physical methods. The present study aimed to enrich Vibrio cholerae as the most essential water-polluting germs. Accordingly, we used the filtration method and evaluated its function by culture method and two detection approaches of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and PCR assay. Methods & Materials: A certain concentration of V. Cholerae was artificially added to a specified volume of sterile water. Then, the bacteria were extracted from the medium and filtered using 0.450 µm separable filters. Finally, the performance of the pre- and post-filtration processes was compared using bacterial cell culture (CFU), ATP, and PCR assay with the specific primers for the ompW gene of V. cholerae. Ethical Considerations: This article is a meta-analysis with no human or animal sample. Results: The present research results indicated that the applied method presented high efficiency and recovery performance. In other words, samples provided no positive response before filtration in both methods; however, after filtration in isolated and recovered samples, the presence of bacteria was detected in the ATP and PCR methods. Conclusion: In conclusion, the employed strategy can detect V. cholerae in non-culture and in the shortest time in contaminated water samples.
The Age- and Gender-wise Assessment of the Position and Shape of Mental Foramen in Patients’ Panoramic Radiography
Authors:   Department of Endodontics, School of Dental, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Ekran Hamzeh , Ghanbarnejad Amin ,   Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran., Afsa‌ Masomeh ,   Department of Radiology, School of Dental, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Background and Aim: Recognizing the position of the Mental Foramen (MF) is essential in numerous cases, such as anesthesia injection and periapical surgeries in the anterior region of the mandible. Furthermore, the diversity in the location and position of MF can develop problems during surgery in this region. Methods & Materials: The present study examined anatomical landmarks based on panoramic radiographic images obtained in Bandar Abbas City, Iran. In total, 450 panoramic radiographic images of men and women were assessed. All explored images were converted to JPEG format and entered in real size in Auto CAD software (2014). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS by one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Student’s t-test, and Chi-squared test. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.HUMS.REC.1394.189). Results: The obtained data revealed that the mean distance from the MF to the lower edge of the mandible on the right and left was 10.53 mm and 10.51 mm, respectively. The mean distance from the MF to the posterior side of the mandible equaled 49.36 mm on the right and 48.72 mm on the left. Moreover, the mean distance of MF to the midline of the lower jaw on the right and left was calculated as 27.16 and 26.27 mm, respectively. Furthermore, in most cases, the anterior-posterior position of MF was symmetrical concerning anatomical landmarks. The anterior-posterior distance of MF to mandibular midline was significantly different between the explored males and females (P<0.001). There was no significant gender-wise difference in the shape of the MF (P=0.89). Conclusion: The present research results signified that the most frequent anterior-posterior position of the MF is between the apex of the first and second premolars. Furthermore, the most prevalent shape of MF is oval per panoramic images.
Comparing Benzodiazepines-morphine-induced Respiratory Depression by Analyzing Respiratory Pattern in Rats
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Alimoradian Abbas , Pazhoohan Saeed ,   Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Mirzabeygi Omid ,   Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran., Naderinia Kiana ,   Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Published: July 2021

Background and Aim: Opioid and benzodiazepine family drugs are concurrently used in various patients. Considering the respiratory depressant effects of both classes, in this study, we investigated the effect of coadministration of morphine and several widely used benzodiazepines in the clinic on the rate of respiratory depression in rats. Methods & Materials: Seventy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 10 groups; morphine, midazolam, diazepam, lorazepam, alprazolam, morphine-midazolam, morphine-diazepam, morphine-lorazepam, and morphine-alprazolam. Respiration signal was recorded using whole-body plethysmography 15 minutes after the intraperitoneal injection of the drugs. The respiratory pattern was examined using several parameters; the mean value of inter-breath interval and the respiratory rate, as well as the coefficient of variation and sample entropy analysis of inter-breath interval. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1397.327). Results: Analyzing respiratory data revealed that injecting the anxiolytic dose of alprazolam, and the combination of morphine-alprazolam and morphine-midazolam, altered the respiratory pattern. Such changes were associated with a decrease in the number of breaths and an increase in the inter-breath interval in the explored test animals, compared with the controls. The obtained data also indicated that morphine-midazolam injection increased the variability of the breathing pattern; such an alternation was associated with increased irregularity and decreased coefficient of variation of the inter-breath interval. Conclusion: The present research results suggested that the short-term injection of morphine-midazolam changes the respiratory pattern more severely than morphine combined with other benzodiazepines.
Emerging Conversations in Critical Internationalization Studies
Authors: Stein Sharon , McCartney Dale M.
Published: July 2021

In this paper, we introduce our special issue, “Internationalization for an Uncertain Future: Emerging Conversations in Critical Internationalization Studies.” In addition to reviewing the individual contributions to this issue, we also consider emerging areas of inquiry in the field of critical internationalization studies (CIS), and invite consideration of how the field might responsibly confront the challenges, complexities, and possibilities that emerge in efforts to imagine and practice internationalization otherwise in today’s complex, uncertain, and unequal world.
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI BENCANA DALAM KESIAPAN MEMBANGUN MENTAL PEREMPUAN DALAM MENGHADAPI BENCANA KEBAKARAN PADA ANGGOTA PKK RW 06 KRANJI, PURWOKERTO TIMUR
Authors: Miranti Adita , Anindya Bayu Aji Audito , Wibawa Raja Satria
Published: July 2021

Banyaknya kejadian kebakaran di pemukiman penduduk yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman tentang SOP dari penggunaan ala-alat rumah tangga dan menjadi dasar dilaksanakannya program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini. Program ini berupa sosialisasi siaga bencana kebakaran ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada ibu-ibu rumah tangga akan sadar betapa pentingnya keamanan dapur. Sosialiasi diadakan oleh dosen dan mahasiswa prodi Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Amikom Purwokerto bekerja sama dengan Tim Purwokerto Rescue kepada anggota PKK RW 6 Kranji, Purwokerto Utara. Para peserta mendapatkan pelatihan cara mengatasi suatu khasus kebakaran yang terjadi dalam rumah tangga seperti cara mengatasi gas yang bocor akibat pemasangan regulator yang salah dan kebocoran selang gas. Kegiatan ini dapat menjadi sarana bagi ibu-ibu untuk mengetahui lebih jauh tentang pencegahan kebakaran di rumah dan sebagai sharing center. Oleh karena itu, kasus kebakaran dapat dikurangi dan diminimalisir dampaknya dengan adanya pengetahuan setiap individu dan masyarakat tentang kebakaran dan bagaimana cara mencegah, menghadapi dan menanggulangi adanya kebakaran melalui kegiatan sosialisasi ini.
PENINGKATAN MINAT BERINVESTASI MELALUI LITERASI KEUANGAN PASAR MODAL
Authors: Chyntia Ovami Debbi , Sari Lubis Anggia
Published: July 2021

Tujuan dari kegiatan Program Layanan Masyarakat melalui PKM (Program Kemitraan Masyarakat) adalah untuk meningkatkan kesadaran, ketertarikan dan pengetahuan siswa mengenai literasi keuangan pasar modal. Mitra kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyrakat ini adalah siswa SMK Swasta Al Washliyah 3 Medan yang berada di jalan Garu II Medan. Permasalahan mitra yaitu ketidaktahuan siswa tentang pasar modal, kurangnya kesadaran dan tertarik dengan investasi yang bersifat jangka panjang. Solusi yang akan dilakukan dalam Program IBM ini adalah sosialisasi untuk peningkatan pengetahuan akan pasar modal dan kesadaran serta menumbuhkan ketertarikan untuk berinvestasi jangka panjang sejak muda. Metode yang diterapkan adalah klasikal dan individual. Metode pendekatan ini dalam bentuk ceramah dan praktek. Pendekatan individual dilakukan pada saat praktek berupa memberi sosialisasi pengetahuan mengenai literasi keuangan pasar modal serta meningkatkan kesadaran dan ketertarikan siswa dalam berinvestasi di pasar modal. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu para guru dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan  pengetahuan tentang pasar modal serta kesadaran dan ketertarikan guru terhadap investasi dalam pasar modal.
PENDAMPINGAN GURU SMK UNTUK MENCIPTAKAN KEMANDIRIAN PEMBELAJARAN ERA NER NORMAL DI SMK SWASTA 3 AL WASHLIYAH KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Firmansyah Firmansyah , Lubis Asnarni
Published: July 2021

Kegiatan pengabdian didasarkan dengan kebutuhan mitra dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran. Mitra adalah salah satu sekolah kejuruan dibidang akuntansi, mitra yang memiliki ruang kelas sebanyak 10 ruangan dan gedung yang bergabung dengan jenjang pendidikan MTs, SMK dan STM Al Washliyah lainnya, sehingga mitra harus berbagi lapangan olahraga dan lapangan parkir kendaraan. Selama pandemi Covid 19, banyak kendala yang dihadapi bara guru, terutama dalam memaparkan pembelajaran dan magang yang harus dilaksanakan. Hasil observasi dan wawancara diketahui para guru di lokasi mitra belum mencapai pembelajaran yang menyenangkan, sehingga pengalaman pertama mengalami melaksanakan pembelajaran online. Kegiatan pendampingan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode MASTER Learning dengan memfokuskan pergenalan proses pembelajaran yang tepat, sehingga guru mampu memberikan materi hingga mengevaluasi kegiatan siswa sesuai kondisi lingkungan siswa. Hasil yang diperoleh diketahui bahwa faktor utama dalam pengukuran pemahaman guru dalam melaksanakan pendidikan vokasi untuk SMK Swasta 3 Al Washliyah, artinya guru belum mampu memahami dengan baik bagaimana mandiri mengajar untuk siswa-siswa kejuruan dan belum mampu mengkaitkan setiap permasalahan dalam lingkungan menjadi materi yang harus dipecahkan oleh siswa, dengan demikian era new normal bukan lagi menjadi ajang pembelajaran yang harus tergantung kepada yang diharapkan namun mengembangkan kegiatan sesuai kebutuhan siswa dan lulusan yang diharapkan.
PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA JAMUR TIRAM DI LINGKUNGAN KAMPUS FMIPA UNIMED
Authors: Restuati Martina , Shafwan S. Pulungan Ahmad , Andi Syahputra Ricky , Sutiani Ani , Maulim Silitonga Pasar , Pratiwi Nanda , Gultom Rahmad
Published: July 2021

Universitas Negeri Medan sebagai kampus yang memiliki Jurusan Biologi yang mempelajarai berbagai jamur dan pekembangannya dalam matakuliah mikrobiologi serta didukung oleh lahan yang mendukung untuk melakukan pengembangan jamur. Mengingat cukup potensi budidaya jamur tiram di Unimed khususnya FMIPA diperlukan suatu upaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan mahasiswa dan masyarakat sekitar. Upaya yang dilakukan adalah memberikan pelatihan bagaimana cara pengembangan tanaman jamur tiram melalui lima tahapan, yaitu : (1) pemamparan materi tentang pengemasan jamur tiram, (2) perizinan usaha jamur tiram, (3) sertifikasi halal produk jamur tiram, (4) Pendampingan perizinan dan sertifikasi halal, (5)  review terhadap pelatihan yang telah dilaksanakan serta menarik kesimpulan. Dengan diberikannya pengetahuan dan pemahaman dalam melakukan pengembangan budidaya tanaman jamur tiram akan menjadi bekal bagi para mahasiswa untuk pengembangan yang lebih maksimal sehingga dapat dipasarkan ke supermarket dan memberikan income generate bagi FMIPA Unimed khususnya Jurusan Biologi. Dengan diberikannya pengetahuan dan pemahaman dalam melakukan budidaya tanaman jamur tiram akan menjadi bekal bagi para mahasiswa untuk pengembangan yang lebih maksimal dan pemberian pelatihan budidaya jamur tiram dan dihasilkan akan memiliki nilai ekonomis cukup tinggi. Kegiatan ini dapat membantu mahasiswa sebagai bekal untuk berwirausaha dan sebagai sarana pembelajaran. Selain itu kegiatan ini akan membantu untuk mewujudkan impian FMIPA Unimed menjadikan menjadi kampus penghasil jamur tiram.