Justification of working bodies for soil reclamation
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Trokhaniak О. , Kolomiiets L. ,   NSC «Institute of agriсulture of the NAAS»
Published: October 2024

Annotation Purpose. Analysis of the assessment of damages caused to basic agricultural resources as a result of military actions and the development of measures for their reclamation. Methods. The methods of analysis and visual assessment were used, which made it possible to establish the nature of the damage caused to land resources. On the basis of mathematical methods, the average values of the geometric dimensions of the pits and the volumes of the damaged soil and required for the restoration of the arable topography were determined. Results. It has been established that as a result of military actions, the soil resources of Ukraine undergo significant destruction, deterioration of quality, strengthening of degradation processes, a number of mechanical, physical and chemical effects on the soil cover occur. Such influences lead to the destruction of the structure and functions of the soil ecosystem, lead to the deterioration of physical and geochemical properties. The agricultural sector of the economy and, in particular, rural areas are most adversely affected by military actions, namely: damage and destruction of the fertile soil layer due to the detonation of various types of explosive objects and the movement of military equipment and its contamination by harmful substances contained in explosives and fuel and lubricants materials, littering of agricultural land with destroyed military equipment, remains of fortifications, wood fragments, etc. To restore the topography of agricultural lands, it is necessary to remove or clean the damaged layer of soil in the ditch. For this purpose, it is proposed to use a new working body. If a dangerous concentration of heavy metals and other dangerous substances is detected on the surface of the funnel, the removed contaminated layer of soil must be disposed of. If the removed layer of the surface of the pit contains an acceptable concentration of pollutants, then the cleaned layer can be left at the bottom of the funnel. When disposing of the removed contaminated soil layer, a flexible screw conveyor with a sectional auger working body can be used. Conclusions 1. The impact of military operations on agricultural soils was studied. The impact of military actions on the soil cover has been studied and analyzed, in particular the damage and destruction of the fertile soil layer as a result of the detonation of various types of explosive objects (missiles, aerial bombs, artillery shells, etc.) and the movement of military equipment and its contamination by harmful substances contained in explosives and fuel lubricants. 2. Enemy aircraft and artillery have the greatest impact on agricultural land and ground cover (about 80 %). As a result of rocket and artillery fire, the fields are covered with craters (rifts) from the explosions of shells, mines, and rockets. The holes are of different diameters and depths. The soil that remains at the site of impact is turbulent, subjected to dynamic compaction, and also contains numerous metal debris with remnants of explosive toxic substances, i.e. deterioration of the physical properties of soils, changes in particle size composition, compaction and destructuring due to a decrease in the content of agronomically valuable fractions, etc. occur. 3. In the fields with the consequences of military operations, it is impossible to safely carry out mechanized work with agricultural machinery, because during soil cultivation or harvesting, emergency situations may arise as a result of the wheels of tractors, combines or aggregates falling into ditches. To restore soil fertility, it is necessary to remove the damaged surface layer and level the topography of the arable land surface. 4. To remove and clean the damaged surface layer of the soil inside the crater formed as a result of explosions, it is recommended to use a working body that allows mechanizing this process. During the further disposal of the cleaned contaminated soil layer, which will be at the bottom of the pit, you can use a flexible screw conveyor with a sectional screw working body, which will allow its transportation in the body of the vehicle. 5. On the basis of the measurements of the parameters of the eruptions, the need for mineral and fertile soils for leveling the land surface was determined. Keywords: agricultural soils, damage, ruptures, pollution, reclamation, working body for soil cleaning.