bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KONSEP PENYELESAIAN PERSELISIHAN HUBUNGAN INDUSTRIAL ANTARA SERIKAT PEKERJA DENGAN PERUSAHAAN MELALUI COMBINED PROCESS (MED-ARBITRASE)
Authors: Mantili Rai
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAK

Serikat pekerja memiliki peranan yang sangat penting bagi pekerja, pengusaha maupun serikat pekerja itu sendiri dalam proses penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial. Proses penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2004 tentang Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial adalah melalui Bipartit, Tripatrit (mediasi hubungan industrial, konsiliasi hubungan industrial dan arbitrase hubungan industrial) kemudian ke Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial apabila upaya hukum non litigasi (kecuali arbitrase) tersebut tidak tercapai. Konsep combined process (med-arb) dianggap dapat memfasilitasi penyelesaian sengketa dalam perselisihan hubungan industrial karena konsep ini sudah dilakukan dalam sengketa bisnis dan dianggap lebih efektif.  Penelitian ini memuat dua permasalahan yakni, mengenai konsep combined process (med-arb) yang diterapkan dalam penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial antara serikat pekerja dan pengusaha dan konsep kepastian hukum penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial antara serikat pekerja dan pengusaha melalui combined process (med-arb). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep combined process (med-arb) dapat diterapkan dalam penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial antara serikat pekerja dan pengusaha guna memberi efektifitas waktu dalam penyelesaian sengketa dan penerapan kepastian hukum.

Kata kunci: combined process (med-arb); penyelesaian sengketa; serikat pekerja.

 

ABSTRACT

The labor union holds important role for the employee, the company and for the labor union itself in relation with settlement of the industrial relation dispute. The processes of the industrial relation dispute settlement pursuant to Law No. 2 Year of 2004 re: Settlement of the Industrial Relation Dispute are through bipartite (bilateral), tripartite (mediation, conciliation, arbitration), and through the Industrial Relation Court if the settlement through the foregoing non-litigation process is not achieved. The concept of Combined Process (med-arb) is considered to facilitate the industrial dispute settlement due to the effective practises of such concept in business dispute.This research consist of two legal issues, namely, first, the concept of Combined Process (med-arb) which is applied in the industrial relation dispute settlement between the labor union and the company, second, the concept of certainty of law in industrial relation dispute settlement between the employee and the company through the Combined Process (med-arb). The result of this research is, the concept of Combined Process (med-arb) is applicable in the settlement of industrial relation dispute between the labor union and the company to provide the effectiveness of timeframe in the dispute settlement and the implementation of legal certainty.

Keywords: combined process; dispute settlement; labour union.
ISU-ISU KONTEMPORER MENGENAI HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI LAUT: KEADILAN LAUT (OCEAN EQUITY) DAN KAPAL LAUT NIRAWAK (MARITIME AUTONOMOUS SURFACE SHIP)
Authors: Siswandi Achmad Gusman
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAKPengelolaan sumber daya dan aktivitas di laut memiliki keterkaitan erat dengan dimensi hak asasi manusia (HAM), mulai dari hal keselamatan pelayaran, larangan perbudakan dan penyelundupan manusia, hingga pelindungan hak-hak nelayan. Saat ini terdapat beberapa isu kontemporer terkait HAM di laut yang terkait dengan pembangunan berkelanjutan dan perkembangan teknologi, yaitu keadilan laut (ocean equity) dan kapal laut nirawak (maritime autonomous surface ship/ MASS). Artikel ini membahas aspek-aspek hukum terkait dengan keadilan laut dan kapal laut nirawak dalam perspektif pelindungan dan pemenuhan HAM di laut. Kesimpulan dari artikel ini adalah diperlukan adanya pembaruan paradigma dalam menerapkan hukum internasional di bidang hukum laut dan HAM seiring dengan berkembangnya permasalahan terkait pembangunan berkelanjutan dan perkembangan teknologi.Kata kunci: hak asasi manusia; keadilan laut; kapal laut nirawak.

ABSTRACT There is a strong relationship between the management of marine resources and other human activities at sea with human rights, from the safety and security of navigation, abolition of slavery, eradication of human trafficking, to the protection of fishers rights. Currently, there are contemporary issues related to human rights at sea, namely ocean equity and the development of maritime autonomous surface ship (MASS). This article discusses legal aspects related to ocean equity and MASS within the perspective of the protection and fulfilment of human rights. This article concludes that a shift of paradigm is essential in the implementation of international instruments in the fields of the law of the sea and human rights, taking into account the development of issues related to sustainable development and the advancement of technology.Keywords: human rights; maritime autonomous surface ship; ocean equity.
KETIDAKTAATAN PEMBAYARAN OVERDIMENSION OVERLOADING DRIVER KENDARAAN YANG BERIMPLIKASI PADA KERUSAKAN JALAN ALTERNATIF DESA
Authors: Maulidina Putri , Kusuma Dony
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan rekomendasi kepada pihak pemerintah c.q dinas perhubungan atau pihak-pihak terkait terhadap adanya ketidaktaatan pembayaran overdimension overloading driver kendaraan yang berimplikasi pada kerusakan jalan alternatif desa. Relevansi penelitian ini memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap pendapatan negara juga menjadikan keresahan di lingkungan masyarakat yang terdampak Sebagaimana Peraturan Perundang-undangan No. 32 Tahun 2009 pasal 67 terkait dengan kewajiban melestarikan lingkungan hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif yang menekankan pada studi law in book diantaranya menggunakan bahan literatur buku-buku, jurnal-jurnal, peraturan-peraturan dan sebagainya. Selain itu juga menggunakan metode yuridis sosiologis atau empiris yaitu melalui pengamatan di lapangan. Urgensi perlunya pengawasan terhadap muatan angkutan barang perusahaan wajib mematuhi ketentuan yang berlaku Sebagaimana Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Republik Indonesia Nomor 60 Tahun 2019 tentang penyelenggaraan angkutan barang dengan kendaraan bermotor di jalan pasal 71 ayat 1. Sehingga harus ada upaya dari pemerintah untuk meminimalisir terjadinya potensi penyalahgunaan jalan alternatif desa.

Kata kunci: Desa; Jalan; Lingkungan; Overdimension Overloading; Pemerintah

ABSTRACT

This study aims to provide recommendations to the government, c.q. the transportation agency or related parties, for non-compliance with payments for overdimension overloading of vehicle drivers which have implications for damage to alternative village roads. The relevance of this research has a significant impact on state income and also creates unrest in the affected community. 32 of 2009 article 67 is related to the obligation to preserve the environment. This research uses a normative juridical method that emphasizes law in book studies including using literature, books, journals, regulations and so on. In addition, it also uses sociological or empirical juridical methods, namely through field observations. The urgency of the need for supervision of cargo transportation companies must comply with applicable provisions As the Regulation of the Minister of Transportation  Republic of Indonesia Number 60 of 2019 concerning the implementation of goods transportation by motorized vehicles on the road article 71.

Keywords: Village; Street; Environment; Overdimension Overloading; Government.
MENYOAL ASPEK PEMIDANAAN PADA KLUSTER LINGKUNGAN DI UNDANG-UNDANG CIPTA KERJA TERHADAP ARAH PEMBANGUNAN BERKELANJUTAN
Authors: Zakariya Rizki
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAK

Diundangkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja menimbulkan pelbagai problematika, khususnya terkait pemidanaan perbuatan pada kluster lingkungan. Hal ini berimplikasi pada potensi tidak tercapainya pembangunan berkelanjutan sebagaimana telah dicanangkan dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 59 Tahun 2017. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masalah dan dampak pemidanaan pada kluster lingkungan di UU Cipta Kerja terhadap arah pembangunan berkelanjutan, disebabkan belum optimalnya penegakan hukum pidana lingkungan, pemidanaan yang tumpang tindih, ancaman hukuman tidak proporsional, pengaburan norma pertanggungjawaban mutlak, dan pereduksian pidana korporasi. Hal itu berpotensi menurunkan perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup, karena tidak timbulnya efek jera terpidana pidana lingkungan maupun masyarakat umum dan menurunkan kepatuhan pelaku usaha. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan upaya penguatan arah pembangunan berkelanjutan dalam pemidanaan tersebut, diantaranya dengan optimalisasi penegakan hukum pidana lingkungan, revisi UU Cipta Kerja dengan mengubah maupun menghapus pasal bermasalah, serta penguatan pengawasan lingkungan hidup. Dengan demikian, upaya pemidanaan dapat berimplikasi signifikan pada upaya perlindungan lingkungan dan tercapainya pembangunan berkelanjutan di Indonesia.

Kata kunci: Pemidanaan; Kluster Lingkungan; UU Cipta Kerja; Pembangunan Berkelanjutan.

 

ABSTRACT

The enactment of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation has caused various problems, especially related to criminal acts in environmental clusters. This has implications for the potential for not achieving sustainable development as proclaimed in Presidential Regulation Nomor 59 of 2017. The results of this study indicate that the problem and impact of punishment on environmental clusters in the Job Creation Act on the direction of sustainable development, is due to the non-optimal enforcement of environmental criminal law, overlapping penalties, disproportionate punishment threats, blurring of absolute liability norms, and reduction corporate crime. This has the potential to reduce environmental protection and management, because there is no deterrent effect on environmental criminals and the general public and reduces the compliance of business actors. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to strengthen the direction of sustainable development in the punishment, including by optimizing environmental criminal law enforcement, revising the Job Creation Law by changing or removing problematic articles, as well as strengthening environmental supervision. Thus, efforts to punish can have significant implications for environmental protection efforts and the achievement of sustainable development in Indonesia.

Keywords: Criminalization; Environmental Clusters; Job Creation Law; Sustainable Development.
ANALISIS MENGENAI KEPUTUSAN PEMERINTAH JEPANG DALAM PEMBUANGAN AIR RADIOAKTIF FUKUSHIMA TERHADAP HUKUM LINGKUNGAN INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Nuraini Hajriyanti
Published: June 2022

ABSTRAK

Negara mempunyai kewajiban untuk menjaga aktivitas di wilayah yurisdiksinya tidak menyebabkan bahaya terhadap lingkungan di wilayah negara lainnya. Oleh karena itu, negara harus bijak dalam menentukan peraturan dan aktivitas apa saja yang dapat dilakukannya di wilayah negaranya agar tidak menyebabkan kerusakan pada negara lain. Keputusan Pemerintah Jepang untuk melakukan pembuangan air radioaktif dalam dua tahun ke laut Pasifik menimbulkan perdebatan dalam dunia internasional dimana hal tersebut dapat mengakibatkan Jepang sebagai negara melanggar  hukum lingkungan internasional. Jika Pemerintah Jepang memutuskan untuk membuang air radioaktif tersebut ke laut dan menyebabkan kerusakan pada lingkungan, Pemerintah Jepang dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban negara dikarenakan telah melakukan pencemaran lintas batas dengan negara tetangganya.

Kata Kunci: Hukum Lingkungan Internasional; Kewajiban Internasional; Pertanggungjawaban Negara.

 

 

ABSTRACT

A State has the obligation to ensure that the activities in its jurisdiction do not cause harm to the environment of other States. Therefore, A State has to be cautious in adopting its policies and activities within its jurisdiction do not cause damage to other States. The decision of Japan to discharge the radioactive water to the Pacific ocean in two years has caused an international debate, this could lead to Japan as a State violating its obligation under international environmental law. If the action of discharging the radioactive water to the ocean were to be committed and resulting in damage to the environment, Japan could be responsible for resulting transboundary harm to other neighboring states.

Keywords: International Environmental Law; International Obligation; State liability.
GeoGebra
Authors: Cruz Marcos Paulo Mesquita da , Silva Everton Nogueira , Holanda Filho Ivan de Oliveira , Bastos Lorena Maria Gomes
Published: June 2022

A cada dia as técnicas de ensino e pesquisa avançam para ampliação do ensino da matemática. Para a efetiva aplicabilidade dos novos conceitos da matemática a aplicabilidade do GeoGebra torna-se mais requerida no sentido de se propor novas técnicas de pesquisa e ensino. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem por objetivo evidenciar através de um estudo bibliométrico a temática GeoGebra para a promoção do ensino e pesquisa na ciência matemática para que a sociedade como um todo possa ter um documento que amplie as discussões relacionadas a ampliação do conhecimento tão necessário a cada dia nas vertentes da educação. A plataforma computacional de coleta dos dados utilizada para este estudo bibliométrico foi a Web of Science (WoS), possibilitando a constatação de trabalhos com relevância assim como a propagação de trabalhos científicos internacionalmente dando ao mesmo uma maior visibilidade e a importância de pesquisa. Para tanto, foi percebido que para o tema GeoGebra foi maior o número de publicações de trabalhos mais técnicos sob o formato de artigos científicos, havendo assim uma limitação de outras fontes de acesso para a ampla discussão da inserção da aplicabilidade da técnica matemática do GeoGebra.
Peirce’s inheritance of Schelling’s progressive metaphysical empiricism
Authors: Dilworth David A.
Published: June 2022

The career-texts of Kant, Schelling, and Peirce unfolded in historical sequence to form a paradigm progression in philosophical modernity. To wit, Kant’s third Critique’s reflective synthesis of foundational concepts of nature and freedom opened a speculative path for a landmark line of development in Schelling’s later-phase metaphysical empiricism which, in turn, conveyed a decisive provenance for Peirce’s articulation of indecomposable categories of epistemology, cosmology, and ontological semeiosis. Peirce’s categoriology reconfigured certain theoretical implications of Schelling’s Investigation into the Essence of Human Freedom (1809) and The Grounding of the Positive Philosophy(1841) in his later-phase trajectory of postulating an energetic reasonableness in the nature of things.
[Book Review] Kant’s cosmology
Authors: Poli Bruno Bueno
Published: June 2022

This is a descriptive review of Falkenburg's book: Kant’s cosmology: from the pre-critical system to the antinomy of pure reason. At the end, the author specifies what is, in his opinion, the book's target audience.
Analysis of the range of antibacterial agents for systemic application of the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Semenchuk Y. , Stadnytska N. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: June 2022

The presented work demonstrates the results of the analysis of data from official sources of information on the range of antibacterial agents for the systematize the use of available in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine. It is established that the total number of drugs of this group is 972 units, the largest subgroup is J01D Other β-lactam antibiotics (384 units); the form of release is dominated by powders of 427 items (43.93 %) and tablets of 347 items (35.69 %); antibacterial drugs account for the largest share of 677 items (69.65 %); among imported drugs, 316 items (32.51 %) are manufactured in India, in 286 items (29.42 %) are manufactured in Ukraine; according to the international non-proprietary name, mono drugs of 825 items (84.88 %) predominate.
Investigation of influence of conditions of obtaining PA6/MMT nanocomposites on their thermal properties
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Krasinskyi V. , Kochubei V. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Zemke V. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Dulebova L. ,   Technical University of Kosice, Ivanukh O. ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: June 2022

The influence of additional thermal and thermomechanical treatment of PA6/MMT nanocomposites obtained from the formic acid solution on their heat resistance and technological properties was investigated. Thermal analysis established that heating the nanocomposite to a temperature of 250 ºС and treating it on a capillary plastometer IIRT at a temperature of 230 ºС increases the degree of crystallinity and heat resistance of the samples. It is shown that additionally treated nanocomposites also have lower fluidity and significantly higher values of softening temperature.
Identification of a Guanine-Rich-Oligonucleotides (GRO) in the Promoter of the MYCN Gene which Inhibits Neuroblastoma Growth
Authors: Islam Md Ashraful , Sheikh Fadlan A , Thomas Shelia D , Magrabi Tarek , Alrashid Tariq , Miller Donald M
Published: June 2022

Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor of childhood malignancy. The biological properties vary from indolent to aggressive depending on how different genes play their role in transforming neural crest cells leading to spontaneous regression to an unfavorable outcome. Guanine-Rich Oligonucleotides (GRO) are being tested as a potential target for an anti-cancer drug. In this study, we have identified GROs at the promoter regions of the MYCN oncogene (MYCN-15) and it formed quadruplex in-vitro shown by circular dichroism (CD). Then three neuroblastoma cell lines were used to explore the effect of MYCN-15 on different biological properties: cellular growth, differentiation, and death. The neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y and SK-N-AS have a single copy of the MYCN gene, whereas the SK-N-BE2 cell line has multiple copies (n-Myc amplified). MYCN-15-induced cellular differentiation in both SK-N-AS and SH-SY5Y cells was followed by cell death in the SH-SY5Y cell line only. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay revealed, that there was modest growth inhibition in both SH-SY5Y (~58%) and SK-N-BE2 (~38%) cells when treated with MYCN-15 oligonucleotide. There were no significant changes in survivin protein expression in both SK-N-AS and SH-SY5Y cells when treated with MYCN-15 oligonucleotides. Taken together, MYCN-15 can be used as an essential target oligonucleotide for treating human neuroblastoma.
Opas historiallisten tekstilähteiden käyttöön
Authors: Lehtonen Maria
Published: June 2022

Arvioitu teos
Petteri Impola, Pirita Frigren, Petri´Karonen, Matti Roitto & Antti Räihä (toim.): Vanhojen käsialojen lukuopas. Helsinki: Gaudeamus 2021. 355 s. isbn 978-952-345-106-3.
About geological theory
Authors: Gordienko V.V.
Published: June 2022

The author’s advection-polymorphic hypothesis of deep processes in the tectonosphere is based on V.V. Belousov’s system of endogenous regimes, a certain source of energy (radioactive decay in crustal and upper mantle rocks), and the method of energy transfer (advection). Elementary volumes of transported material have been termed «quanta of tectonic action» (QTA) with the diameter of about 50―70 km. The physical reality of such objects is proved. The choice of endogenous regime is related to the type of the preceding thermal model.

The mechanism of the tectonosphere’s «heat machine», which relies firmly established facts and quantitatively explains the main events of geological history within the energy conservation law, has been substantiated.

For any period, from the Early Archaean to our time, it is possible to numerically justify the pattern of heat and mass transfer, to select the endogenous regimes, and construct a non-stationary heat model and variation in time of the distribution of physical properties of rocks. By using the findings and solving only direct problems, one can determine the geological manifestations of the process and the anomalies of the physical fields. The results are compared with the observed ones (without fitting), and the discrepancies do not exceed the values due to the observation and calculation errors.

Pursuant to the advection-polymorphic hypothesis, it became possible for the first time to predict: 1. The emergence of quanta of tectonic action. 2. Stability of parameters (depth and temperature) of magma chambers in the mantle in the history of the Earth. 3. Existence of the global asthenosphere (depth about 700―1000 km). 4. Velocity distribution of longitudinal seismic waves in the upper mantle of regions with all types of endogenous regimes. 5. The difference in the nature of earthquakes at various depths in the focal zones. Successful verification of predictions transfers the hypothesis into the rank of theory.

The theory is used to explain the following at the quantitative level: dating of active processes on all platforms of the Earth, temperature distribution in the crust and upper mantle of platforms and active regions, sediment thickness in geosynclines and post-rift depressions, changes in mass flow in geological history, heat flow and gravitational field anomalies.

Several applications of the theory to studies of seismicity and UHP-blocks problems and prospecting for mineral deposits (hydrocarbons, hydrothermal sulfide ores, diamonds, and geothermal energy resources) have been considered.
Specialty goods market as alternative type of investment
Authors: Maksimov Denis Sergeevich
Published: June 2022

The article considers the alternative types of investment in the conditions of the economic crisis during the last few years. Investors not only do not receive profit, but also lose their invested funds as a result of bankruptcy of enterprises, closing banks and lower prices for natural resources. In the current situation, in order to increase their fortune, rich people are looking for alternative, more stable sources for investing. An alternative investment direction is investing in special demand goods: precious stones, art and antiques. The analysis results are presented, which indicate that over the past six years in the domestic and foreign markets there has been a decrease in sales of art objects. It has been stated that over the past ten years in the antiques market, the increase was almost 50%, however, this market has certain risks, in particular, the risk is the forgery of antiques and art objects. When investing in antiques, it is necessary to strictly follow the legislation that establishes strict restrictions on the movement of these objects across the border, with regard to art objects, a cultural value provision is applied, which does not allow the acquisition of those items that are of particular importance to the country. It is concluded that investing in goods of special demand is quite attractive for investors due to the high cost of such goods and the rise in price with each subsequent year, at the same time, this type of inspection is accompanied by special risks. In order to determine the most effective and profitable investment objects, it is necessary to have extensive knowledge in the field of culture, legislation, as well as conduct ongoing market research.
World rankings as tool of evaluating performance investment in innovations and development strategy selection
Authors: Abdulova Svetlana Yurievna
Published: June 2022

The article discusses the methods of compiling world rankings related to innovation activity and doing business, in particular, the Global Innovation Index, the Bloomberg Innovation Index Rating of Innovative Economies, the Ranking of countries in the world by the level of global competitiveness according to the World Economic Forum and the Institute of Management, the Doing Business Rating. A factor-by-factor analysis of the position of the Russian Federation in these ratings for a certain time period has been carried out, the strengths and weaknesses of the innovation system in Russia have been investigated. Data from almost all ratings indicate that Russia's position in the innovation activity ratings has been improving since 2010, and there is potential for further growth. It is concluded that Russia produces fewer innovative products compared to the level of investment in innovation. The comparison of individual statistical indicators in the field of innovative development of Russia with similar indicators of foreign countries is carried out. Russia demonstrates high positions in terms of the number and quality of personnel engaged in research and development, but the level of wages, social benefits and comfort of the living environment of scientists and developers is inferior to developed countries. The level of funding for science, research, innovation activity of organizations, as well as the development of innovative entrepreneurship is lower than in the leading countries of innovation ratings. In Russia, there is a negative balance of payments for technology. The introduction of unprecedented sanctions affecting various aspects of the social, economic, and technological spheres aggravates the impact of negative factors on Russia’s innovation system. In the current situation, the issues of import substitution, ensuring the country’s independence from foreign technologies, developments, as well as providing support to innovative companies, talented youth and qualified specialists, overcoming the negative trend of the outflow of scientific personnel are becoming even more urgent. There is provided an up-to-date list of short- and long-term measures to support and stimulate the development of economic sectors, innovative business, scientific human resources and highly qualified specialists.
Loop modification of the traditional three-loop pulley pattern improves the biomechanical properties and resistance to 3-mm gap formation in a canine common calcanean teno-osseous avulsion model
Authors: Duffy Daniel J. , Beamon Weston L. , Chang Yi-Jen , Moore George E.
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVE

To compare the biomechanical properties and gapping characteristics following loop modification of a 3-loop-pulley (3LP) pattern in an ex vivo canine common calcaneal tendon (CCT) avulsion repair model.

SAMPLE

56 skeletally mature hindlimbs from 28 canine cadavers.

PROCEDURES

The CCTs were randomized to 1 of 4 experimental groups (n = 14/group) then sharply transected at the teno-osseous junction. Groups consisted of a 3LP, 4-loop-pulley (4LP), 5-loop-pulley (5LP), or 6-loop-pulley (6LP) pattern with loops placed 60° apart using size-0 polypropylene. Yield, peak, and failure loads, construct stiffness, loads to produce a 3-mm teno-osseous gap, and failure mode were evaluated and compared between groups.

RESULTS

Yield (P = 0.001), peak (P < 0.001), and failure loads (P < 0.001), construct stiffness (P < 0.001), and loads to 3-mm gap formation (P = 0.005) were all significantly greater for 6LP compared to all other groups. Mode of failure did not differ among groups (P = 0.733) with 75% (42/56) of repairs failing by mechanism of core sutures pulling through the tendinous tissue. Pattern modification by increasing the number of loops increased the repair site strength by 1.4, 1.6, and 1.8 times for 4LP, 5LP, and 6LP compared to 3LP, respectively.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Increasing the number of suture loops compared to a traditional 3LP repair is a relatively simple technique modification that significantly increases teno-osseous repair site strength and loads required to cause 3-mm gap formation. The results of this study justify further focused investigation of increasing the number of suture loops in vivo for teno-osseous CCT repair in dogs.
In vitro elution of silver nanoparticles from three carrier media
Authors: Peterson Jennifer L , Risselada Marije
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVE

To determine and compare the rate, pattern, and completeness of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) elution in vitro over 7 days from 3 carrier media in PBSS.

SAMPLE

AgNPs in calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) beads, poloxamer 407 gel, and a gelatin sponge.

PROCEDURES

Three carrier media were used to create constructs containing AgNPs (8,500 ng). All constructs were submerged in PBSS and stored at 38°C for 7 days. Samples were collected after 2, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours, and AgNP concentration was measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Constructs were tested in quadruplicate.

RESULTS

Sustained release of AgNPs was seen from all constructs for a minimum of 72 hours. Release from all constructs was incomplete, with an initial burst during the first 24 hours followed by a time-dependent decrease in elution rate for up to 168 hours. A mixed-effects model showed a significant difference in AgNP release over time (P < .001) and among media (P < .001). AgNP–gel constructs released the largest quantity of AgNPs (8,401.02 ng [98.84%]), followed by AgNP–sponge constructs (1,503.45 ng [17.69%]). Release from AgNP–CSH bead constructs was 87.824 ng (1.03%), with no additional release after 72 hours.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Sustained release of AgNPs is possible in vitro, but efficacy against bacterial infections needs to be investigated prior to clinical use.
The influence of mineral nutrition and humic acids on the intensity of photosynthesis, as well as the yield and quality of seeds, roots, and aboveground phytomass of milk thistle Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. in marginal growing conditions
Authors: Tóth Š. , Szanyi G. , Vančo P. , Schubert J. , Porvaz P. , Bujňák P. , Šoltysova B. , Danielovič I.
Published: June 2022

Milk thistle Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. is one of the most researched medicinal plants, but at the same time it belongs to crops with wide industry potential whose growth requirements for marginal agroecological conditions or the response to agronomic interventions has not yet been sufficiently studied. The aim of the present research was to verify the effect of mineral nutrition (NPK 200 kg/ha) and humic acids applied to the soil (HUMAC Agro 250 kg/ha) on the main biometric parameters and the intensity of photosynthesis of milk thistle grown under less favourable climatic conditions of the semi-cold and humid foothills in Central Europe. The highest seed yield was achieved with the NPK variant in terms of dry matter 0.534 t/ha, in the HUMAC Agro variant 0.254 t/ha and with the untreated control 0.087 t/ha. The soil before the trial establishment was characterised by low nutrient content. The use of mineral fertiliser on NPK treatment eliminated the influence of low PK nutrients content of the soil, influencing the crop growth and yield/quality, while no doses of NPK were used on the HUMAC Agro variant and the untreated control. For both of the two sequences created (temperature and light), the highest photosynthesis rate was measured on untreated control (20.115 and 12.386 mmol/m2/s1), markedly lower on HUMAC Agro (16.386 and 9.653 mmol/m2/s1) – and the lowest on the NPK (10.933 and 7.813 mmol/m2/s1, respectively), in inverse proportion to the crop yield. Therefore, the size of the leaf area of the crop was decisive for the increased crop yield. The polynomial trend line of the photosynthesis rate according to the temperature sequence shows the photosynthesis rate and the torrential decrease by temperature increasing on untreated control compared with both treated variants. Both of these threats, mineral nutrition and use of humic preparations to soil, although they reduce the photosynthesis rate, have a wide range of complex effects that provide an opportunity to optimise the growth and yield of milk thistle. Ideally, the mineral nutrition and humic preparations should be used in combination with the crop of milk thistle for medicinal and energy purposes.
Comprehensive Assessment of Meta-Analysis and Contingent Valuation Technique for Sustainable Management of Wetland of Middle Ganga Plain
Authors: Biswas Roy Malabika , Kumar Abhishek , Chatterjee Debanjana , Halder Sudipa
Published: June 2022

In this study, the functions and threats of Suraha Tal Wetland are identified by the stated preference method and weightage is given according to their rank. The objective of the study is to determine the total economic value of Suraha Tal Wetland. The direct value can be drawn from the market price and from a survey of the stakeholders. Suraha Tal Wetland is also famous for the presence of the Jai Prakash Narayan Birds Sanctuary, which makes it a biodiversity-enriched area. The indirect value has been drawn from a review of the literature on Suraha Tal Wetland and the relevance of this literature is justified through the comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software. The total valuation of the wetland has been calculated. The paper concludes with suggestions for a few management strategies for better wetland management.
Changes in Students’ Life at Selected Universities in Central and Eastern Europe during the First Stage of the Pandemic
Authors: Kawczyńska-Butrym Zofia , Pantyley Victoriya , Butrym Marek , Kisla Ganna , Fakeyeva Liudmila
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic affected not only global economy and society, but also particular institutions, including those of higher education. The aim of the paper is to determine changes in students’ life at selected universities in Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus. An online survey was applied, addressed to students of four universities in Poland, Ukraine, and Belarus (n=380). As a result of the pandemic, more than 46% of students declared worsening of their material situation. In comparison to the period before the pandemic, the respondents observed appearance or intensification of various psychosomatic symptoms, and a 12 percent point decrease in the assessment of their own health. The comparative analysis showed similarities between students’ life preferences, plans on university education, and differences in their material situation, health, and employment.
Analisis Efektivitas Penggunaan Kartu E-Nak terhadap Keberhasilan IB Sapi Potong di Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Abdurrazak Abdurrazak , Eka Putra Dhanang , Subagja Hariadi
Published: June 2022

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan kartu elektronik ternak (e-nak) terhadap keberhasilan inseminasi buatan sapi potong di Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei dan analisis yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Wongsorejo, Kabupaten Banyuwangi dengan jumlah 50 peternak yang sudah menggunakan kartu e-nak dan penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Juli sampai September 2021. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa setelah adanya kartu e-nak yang dimulai tahun 2019 dapat menurunkan nilai service per conception. Sebelum adanya e-nak nilai SC sebesar 1,57 dan setelah melakukan implementasi nilai SC tujur sebesar 1,26
Formula Bakteri Endofit Untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Bibit Jagung Pada Tanah Masam Podsolik Merah-Kuning
Authors: Pradana Ankardiansyah Pandu , Mardhiana  , Suriana  , Adiwena Muh , Yousif Ahmed Ibrahim Alrashid
Published: June 2022

Jagung merupakan komoditas unggulan Indonesia karena memiliki banyak manfaat dan bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Tanaman ini tumbuh optimal pada pH antara 5,6 – 6,2, dan akan mengalami penurunan produktivitas jika ditanam pada tanah dengan pH rendah. Salah satu tanah yang memiliki karakter pH rendah adalah tanah masam podsolik merah-kuning yang dapat ditemui di beberapa daerah di Indonesia. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas jagung pada tanah masam. Namun demikian, hingga saat ini masalah tersebut belum dapat diatasi sepenuhnya. Salah satu solusi untuk masalah tersebut adalah aplikasi formula bakteri endofit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas formula cair bakteri endofit terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman jagung di tanah masam podsolik merah-kuning, dan menguji daya simpannya pada formula tersebut. Isolat bakteri yang digunakan adalah Pseudomonas sp. strain A175, Pseudomonas sp. strain F23, dan Micrococcus sp. strain S54. Ketiga isolat tersebut diformulasi dalam bahan pembawa ekstrak tauge, air kelapa, air beras, dan ekstrak ayam yang difortifikasi menggunakan 5g glukosa, 1 g urea, dan 10 g terasi. Pengujian di rumah kaca dilakukan menggunakan benih jagung varietas Bonanza F1 menggunakan tanah podsolik merah-kuning dengan pH 4,2. Pengujian dilakukan di rumah kaca mengikuti pola rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 29 perlakuan, 3 ulangan, dan setiap ulangan terdiri atas 3 unit percobaan. Uji viabilitas sel dilakukan mengikuti standar SNI 01-2897-1992. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Seluruh formula bakteri endofit mampu memacu pertumbuhan tanaman jagung pada tanah masam podsolik merah-kuning. Formula bakteri endofit Pseudomonas sp. dan Micrococcus sp. yang konsisten dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung adalah formulasi bakteri endofit berbahan dasar ekstrak tauge dengan perlakuan ETA, ETBC dan ETAB. formula yang memiliki kemampuan daya simpan paling baik formula EKAC dengan total sel bakteri 5,7 Log CFU mL-1 pada penyimpanan minggu ke-10.
Las ediciones ilustradas de El matadero, de Esteban Echeverría: del costumbrismo tardío al gaucho posnacional
Authors: Avechuco Cabrera Daniel
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo realiza una lectura global de las ediciones ilustradas de El matadero, de Esteban Echeverría. Tomando como criterio las formas de representación de la figura del gaucho, el tratamiento visual de la dimensión política del texto y las maneras de asumir la tradición iconográfica gauchesca, se propone agrupar las ediciones ilustradas en tres conjuntos flexibles. Estos conjuntos dan muestras de cómo se leyó El matadero durante el siglo XX y cómo se ha leído en lo que va del XXI.
Crimen urbano y crimen rural: semejanzas y diferencias desde No habrá final feliz y Lituma en los Andes
Authors: Becerra Lagos José Inocencio
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo analiza los elementos del entorno (ciudad-mexicana y campo-andino) que diferencian y asemejan los crímenes que ocurren en dos novelas de detectives que hacen parte de la novela neopolicial latinoamericana: No habrá final feliz (1981), de Paco Ignacio Taibo II y Lituma en los Andes (1993), de Mario Vargas Llosa. Primero se realiza una introducción a la trama de las dos novelas para luego revisar con detalle las similitudes y diferencias de sus crímenes, detectives y procesos, especialmente a partir de tres categorías: crimen organizado, violencia mítica y la dupla sacrificio ritual/crimen espectáculo. Enseguida del análisis comparativo, se logra tipificar que todas las muertes investigadas fueron ejecutadas por un grupo de manera premeditada, responden a una posible violencia mítica (que es negación violenta de un origen violento que genera caos y parece imposible de enfrentar) y son tan frecuentes que conducen a una normalización del crimen.
Dialéctica de la utopía en América Latina: encuentro de dos mundos, modernidad y surrealismo
Authors: Fajardo Devia Juan Sebastián
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo examinar la relación entre América Latina y la utopía surrealista. Para tal fin, nos apoyamos en las ideas de humanistas latinoamericanos como Alfonso Reyes y Octavio Paz para estudiar la condición latinoamericana de alba de oro y salud de las utopías europeas. Planteamos un rastreo del pensamiento humanista-utopista desde la antigüedad greco-latina hasta la época moderna industrial, manteniendo el eje de análisis en la relación de América Latina, primero como idea y luego como hecho, con el pensamiento de los utopistas europeos. Buscamos demostrar que el Surrealismo de Breton es un paradigma de utopía revolucionaria humanista cuyo estudio, en el contexto de la historia del arte y la cultura, ofrece ideas de gran relevancia y actualidad respecto de problemas como la identidad de América Latina, la crisis de la modernidad y el sentido histórico de la inteligencia latinoamericana.
La importancia de la Biometrología: un panorama de sus antecedentes y perspectivas
Authors: Mercader Trejo Flora Emperatriz , Rodríguez López Aarón , González Olvera Julio César
Published: June 2022

La metrología es la disciplina encargada de estudiar las mediciones y sus aplicaciones en las diferentes áreas de la ciencia y tecnología. La necesidad de reportar y establecer mediciones exactas y confiables en las ciencias biológicas y de la salud ha conducido a estas áreas a adoptar las normas y lineamientos de la metrología en las actividades de producción masiva, servicios al usuario, investigación básica y aplicada, y desarrollo de tecnología, incluso hasta definir una nueva subcienciadenominada Biometrología. Una revisión general de los conceptos de trazabilidad e incertidumbre, así como los antecedentes, alcances e importancia de esta nueva ciencia es presentada en este trabajo, lo que permite obtener una visión completa e integral de los retos y perspectivas hacia una adecuada aplicación de la Biometrología.
Proximal enamel thickness quantification in orthodontics for interproximal reduction: A systematic review
Authors: Arias David , Casillas Santana Miguel Ángel , Salas Orozco Marco Felipe
Published: June 2022

Background: Interproximal enamel reduction is a valuable procedure in orthodontics used in several conditions, however, not knowing the average value of proximal enamel thickness might lead to excess enamel removal and consequently to adverse effects.
Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to expose the average proximal enamel thicknesses found in the literature, and the differences that might be found between different ethnicities and age groups.
Search Methods: 5 electronic databases were used to perform the search. Representative keywords comprised of “enamel”, “thickness”, “orthodontics” “proximal thickness” and “quantification”; different combination of these keywords with truncation, and medical subject headings (MESH) were used.
Selection Criteria: In vitro and in vivo studies, where the quantification of the proximal enamel thickness of the mesial and distal sides were evaluated independently.
Data Collection and Analysis: The PICO model was used to evaluate and select the in vitro and in vivo studies. ROBINS-I tool was used to assess the risk of bias of non-randomized clinical studies and a modification of Cochrane risk of bias tool was implemented for the in vitro studies. The quality of evidence and results were evaluated using The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal checklist tools for Quasi-Experimental Studies.
Results: Literature search identified 3298 records from 5 databases. Ultimately, nine eligible studies were included in the review.
Conclusions: The proximal enamel thickness increases as we move distal through the arch and is greater on the distal side compared to the mesial side of each individual tooth. Additionally, there is no difference in the proximal enamel thickness between genders but there is between ethnicities.
El uso de 'ya que y como' en el habla culta de la ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Borzi Claudia
Published: June 2022

En el marco del Enfoque Cognitivo Prototípico que presupone que cada forma tiene un significado y una función propios y que estos, a su vez, responden adistintas intenciones comunicativas del hablante, se describe opositivamente el uso de los conectores ‘ya que’ y ‘como’ sobre el cuerpo de datos de “El habla culta de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires”. Se sigue una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa y se aportan pruebas a favor de las siguientes hipótesis: ‘ya que’ prevalece cuando el hablante argumenta y presenta información evidente como una razón valorada positivamente. Se observa un correlato morfosintáctico en el tiempo del verbo (presente actual de indicativo) y en la persona del sujeto (primera o segunda). La actitud argumentativa del hablante motiva la combinación de distintos actos de habla. Por su parte, ‘como’ es favorecido por contextos narrativos, donde la causa muestra información no-evidente. Esto presenta un correlato morfosintáctico en el tiempo del verbo (pretéritos) y en la persona del sujeto (tercera). La misma intención mantiene los hechos en el mismo acto de habla.
Funciones pragmáticas de la referencia de persona en el lenguaje coloquial y en el discurso político
Authors: De Cock Barbara
Published: June 2022

En este estudio analizamos la referencia de persona en el lenguaje coloquial y el discurso político desde un enfoque cognitivo. El análisis cuantitativo permite comparar en qué medida el enunciador y el enunciatario se manifiestan en ambos géneros. Para el análisis cualitativo, nos basamos en las nociones de subjetividad e intersubjetividad lingüística (Benveniste, 1966; Lyons, 1982; Closs Traugott, 2003). La mayor subjetividad del lenguaje coloquial se perfila en una mayor tendencia a asignar abiertamente estados de conciencia y tomas de posición del propio enunciador. El discurso político, en cambio, presenta mucho menos expresiones de subjetividad e intersubjetividad. Está menos anclado en los papeles de enunciador y enunciatario y el reparto entre ambos resulta ser más equitativo que en el lenguaje coloquial, reflejando la típica interacción entre oponentes en un debate. La posición del enunciador varía, además, según que se considere la figura del Presidente del Gobierno como ajena o como parte del propio grupo. En la medida que el análisis de la referencia de persona en términos de subjetividad e intersubjetividad permite distinguir diferentes posiciones en la interacción, constituye una contribución a la tipología de los géneros discursivos.
Difusión social de una innovación lingüística: la intensificación en el habla de las jóvenes madrileñas
Authors: Molina Martos Isabel
Published: June 2022

En este trabajo se estudia una estrategia conversacional, la intensificación, desde un enfoque sociolingüístico. Se ha partido de un corpus de conversación coloquial de mujeres madrileñas y se ha puesto en contraste con materiales orales de entrevistas a mujeres de la misma comunidad de habla. Los resultados ilustran el cambio social que se ha producido en Madrid y su codificación en el lenguaje.
Estrategias de vinculación afectiva y entonación en un debate político
Authors: Hidalgo Downing Raquel , Jesús Nieto Otero María
Published: June 2022

En este trabajo, estudiamos los elementos del discurso público en los que la afectividad se manifiesta como una estrategia comunicativa. En particular, noscentramos en el análisis de la afectividad en un debate electoral tanto a través de la entonación como de los recursos verbales, con dos objetivos: (i) medir la vinculación del hablante en el evento comunicativo (el debate), al establecer un nexo entre entonación y vinculación afectiva del hablante en el discurso, y (ii) comparar los resultados obtenidos con las noticias aparecidas en los medios de comunicación en los días posteriores al debate, y que reflejan las percepciones u opiniones sobre quién “ganó el debate”. El marco teórico de la investigación toma los modelos propuestos sobre el estudio de la afectividad (Janney, 1996), así como nuestro propio modelo, aplicado al estudio del discurso político (Nieto y Otero, 2012). La metodología utilizada para el trabajo ha consistido en el análisis de los inicios de las intervenciones de los dos candidatos en el debate, desde el punto de vista de los parámetros acústicos –frecuencia fundamental, intensidad y duración vocálica– y de los recursos verbales desde la perspectiva de las estrategias de comunicación afectiva, planteando la hipótesis de si es posible hallar correlaciones entre unos y otros recursos.