bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TURKMEN-CHINESE ENERGY PARTNERSHIP IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL GEO-ECONOMIC TURBULENCE
Authors: Grozin A. V.
Published: January 2024

The article examines the current situation in the domestic political and economic spheres of Turkmenistan. The state of Turkmen-Chinese cooperation in the gas sector, as well as the role and place of Turkmenistan in the Central Asian energy system, is assessed. The transformations of the continental energy transportation system that have begun, the start of the creation of an informal gas union for the transportation of Russian gas to Asia create a radically new situation and opportunities for the Turkmen leadership both to deepen the existing economic ties and to realize new opportunities for export diversification. In the context of growing global geopolitical and geo-economic tensions, Ashgabat faces the need to make important foreign economic decisions in the very near future.
Biometric Child Vaccination System
Authors: Mrs. Prajakta Mahajan  , Gaurav Pawar  , Ruturaj Misal  , Pratik Gitte  , Chaitanya Kalel
Published: January 2024

With a number of emerging applications requiring biometric recognition of children (e.g., tracking child vaccination schedules, identifying missing children and preventing newborn baby swaps in hospitals), investigating the temporal stability of biometric recognition accuracy for children is important. The persistence of recognition accuracy of three of the most commonly used biometric traits (fingerprints, face and iris) has been investigated for adults. However, persistence of biometric recognition accuracy has not been studied systematically for children in the age group of 0-4 years. Given that very young children are often uncooperative and do not comprehend or follow instructions, in our opinion, among all biometric modalities, fingerprints are the most viable for recognizing children. This is primarily because it is easier to capture fingerprints of young children compared to other biometric traits, e.g., iris, where a child needs to stare directly towards the camera to initiate iris capture. In this report, we detail our initiative to investigate the persistence of fingerprint recognition for children in the age group of 0-4 years. Based on preliminary results obtained for the data collected in the first phase of our study, use of fingerprints for recognition of 0- 4 year-old children appears promising.
Phishing URL Detection using Machine Learning
Authors: Deepak Chandradev Prajapati  , Nikhil Chandrajeet Yadav
Published: January 2024

Phishing attack is an easy way to obtain sensitive information from innocent users and also there are many tools and techniques available to do so. The main aim of the attackers is to get the critical information like username, password, bank account details and etc. and by this they can harm the innocent users. As a security perspective there should be a system or tools that would be able to overcome such issues. So this paper deals with machine learning technologies for the detection of phishing URLs by analyzing and extracting different types of features of legitimate and phishing URLs. Various machine learning algorithms like Decision Tree, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine are used to detect phishing websites. Aim of this paper is to detect phishing urls as well as narrow down to best machine learning algorithm by comparing the accuracy rate, false positive and false negative rate of each algorithm
Research Paper on Mobile Cloud Service
Authors: Samruddhi Vasant Khair
Published: January 2024

Since 2009, the term "mobile cloud computing," or "MCC," has gained popularity in the IT community and become a key topic of discussion. MCC is the combination of mobile and cloud computing. Given the early stages of MCC development, a comprehensive understanding of the technology is necessary to guide future research directions. In pursuit of the latter goal, this paper provides an overview of the history, foundation, and principles of MCC, as well as its features, current and upcoming research endeavours. A synopsis of the history of MCC—from mobile to cloud computing—is given, and is followed by a review of its features and current research projects. The infrastructure and features of mobile cloud computing are then examined. The remainder of the paper examines the difficulties associated with mobile cloud computing, provides an overview of a few relevant research efforts, and identifies areas for future research that show promise
DIDÁCTICA DE LA LECTOESCRITURA EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE TERCER GRADO POST PANDEMIA
Authors: Gaona Ritza Ginela
Published: January 2024

El presente artículo documental no experimental tiene como objeto de estudio el análisis de la preparación académica con la que se recibieron a los estudiantes de tercer grado de las escuelas primarias en el año 2022, describiendo los posibles problemas que nos llevaron a acoger estudiantes con buenas calificaciones, pero con un pobre dominio de la lectoescritura.  Ya que estos estudiantes cursaron el primer y segundo grado de forma virtual, en el que su último año escolar presencial, fue el preescolar. Se aborda problemas como lo fueron la conexión a internet, la deserción escolar, la migración de muchas familias por falta de empleo, la poca preparación de los docentes en materia digital y la falta de herramientas tecnológicas y las estrategias metodológicas y de aula que aplicaron en la recuperación de los aprendizajes y la reinserción escolar.
ELEMENTOS TRASCENDENTALES PARA EL INTERCAMBIO DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA EN LA ÉPOCA DEL CANAL FRANCÉS (1870-1902)
Authors: Chávez Jaramillo Jonathan José
Published: January 2024

Esta revisión bibliográfica obedece al examen de las primeras fuentes encontradas en el marco de la investigación La Ciencias Francesa en Panamá: Conocimiento, Identidad y Republicanismo en la “Era del Canal Francés” 1876-1903. Nuestro trabajo abordó elementos de la ciencia y tecnología francesa en Panamá, buscando demostrar el intercambio de conocimiento entre el Istmo de Panamá y la tercera república francesa. Iniciamos contextualizando la historia francesa del siglo XIX, seguido los conceptos y teorías que nos orientan en función de la temática, luego el análisis de las obras encontradas, para finalmente discutir los resultados encontrados en la primera etapa de la investigación.
Basic psychological need frustration and coping styles
Authors: Barański Maciej , Rokosz Marta , Poprawa Ryszard
Published: January 2024

Background

The basic psychological need theory assumes that there are three universal psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Their satisfaction is a source of well-being and development. Their frustration results in malaise and the need to cope with actions reducing unpleasant tension, substituting or compensating for deficits. This study aimed to define the relationship between basic psychological need frustration and coping styles with the mediating role of stress. It was predicted that with stronger frustration, there would be stronger perceived stress and the tendency to develop an escape-avoidance coping style.

Participants and procedure

The study included 626 participants (42.65% women) aged 18-40 (M = 22.22 ± 4.29). We used the following measures: PSS-10, COPE, and BPNS&FS. Exploratory factor analysis of COPE, correlations, and path analyses were performed.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis of the COPE results distinguished four coping styles: 1) problem-focused, 2) emotion-focused, 3) meaning-focused, and 4) escape-avoidance. Need frustration was positively associated with perceived stress and the escape-avoidance style. We found both direct and indirect – through perceived stress – effects of need frustration on coping styles, especially the escape-avoidance coping style.

Conclusions

Frustration of basic psychological needs – autonomy, competence, and relatedness – can lead directly and through perceived stress to the formation of an escape-avoidance coping style.
People act when they feel obliged. Prosocial intentions toward Ukrainian refugees
in Poland during the first two weeks of the war in Ukraine
Authors: Nowakowska Iwona
Published: January 2024

Background

In February 2022, Poland became one of the most engaged countries in accepting Ukrainian refugees. Based on the norm activation model, the study, performed during the first two weeks of the war, examined the prosocial intentions of Poles toward Ukrainians in relation to the individualizing moral foundations (harm/care and fairness/reciprocity), as well as beliefs about the obligation of individual citizens to help.

Participants and procedure

The study was designed to investigate the views of Poles on helping Ukrainians in times of tension. On the second day of data collection, the war in Ukraine began. Therefore, the study shows the intentions of Poles to help refugees from Ukraine in the first days of full-scale war. A total of 139 people aged 18-71 years from the general public participated (102 females) in an online survey distributed through social media channels.

Results

The results show that individual obligation belief fully mediates the effect of individualizing moral foundations on prosocial behavior intentions.

Conclusions

Based on the results, it could be concluded that during a refugee crisis, in line with the norm activation model, highlighting the personal obligation to provide support can be important to motivate people to help others in need. The effect of a sense of personal obligation is more important than the effect of an underlying individualizing morality.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EMOTIONAL BRANDING FOR BUILDING A POSITIVE BRAND PERCEPTION FOR THE SOFT DRINK BRANDS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY WITH A FOCUS ON USERS IN PUNE CITY
Authors: Kulkarni Sanjay , Longani Kirti Dang
Published: January 2024

Present-day consumers judge brands based on their feelings and identities, two of their most distinctive qualities. Social Media and Digital Marketing have taken a significant leap in connecting with consumers and developing a personalized & emotional association with the Brand. According to this, modern businesses attempt to strengthen the emotional bond between consumers and brands, known as emotional Branding. This study aimed to ascertain the efficacy of emotional Branding for creating a favourable brand perception focusing on Pune City's soft drink beverage market. The study is quantitative in its design and examines the link between emotional Branding and positive brand perception. We collected data from 200 respondents using a Likert-based questionnaire. The study's findings concluded that emotional Branding positively correlates with brand perception and Brand building. The results of this study also offer critical understanding and insightful suggestions to local brands to improve their Brand equity.
Xeroderma pigmentosum with aggressive periodontitis - A rare case series
Authors: SundarRaj Shanmugapriya , Sai Ram Sugantha Priya , Mohan Kumar Saravana Priya
Published: January 2024

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare hereditary disease which is characterized by photosensitivity, abnormal pigmentations with freckling, actinic hyperkeratosis, scarring and prematureness of skin along with malignancies of ectodermal origin.  The defect is in the normal DNA repair gene which causes the typical clinical manifestations depending on the degree of ultraviolet light exposure, especially in the sun-exposed areas of the skin and mouth. The disorder is often found among populations where marriage of close blood relatives is common. Oral manifestations usually present as actinic cheilitis, and squamous cell carcinoma of lip and tongue. Here we report two cases of xeroderma pigmentosum with oral findings as generalized aggressive periodontitis which is a rare manifestation.
Effect of fermentation conditions on antioxidative, antimicrobial and techno-functional properties of Camellia sinensis leaves
Authors: Masih Reena , Mahendru Isha , Yadav Sakshi , Rana Ananya , Samtiya Mrinal , Taneja Neetu , Dhewa Tejpal
Published: January 2024

Introduction and Aim: Fermented food is an excellent source of nutrition as it contains promising bioactive compounds. Black tea is a fermented product and the most commonly used beverage. In the present study, the effects of various fermentation conditions and drying techniques on the proximate nutritional analysis, phytochemicals, tannin, antioxidative, and antimicrobial activity of Camellia sinensis leaves were examined.
 
Materials and Methods: The FTIR analysis was performed to detect the presence of different functional groups. Using standard methods, total phenol, flavonoid, and tannin content were determined. The antioxidant activity was determined by using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAPS assays.
 
Results: The results showed a decrease in protein content and an increase in ash, moisture, and crude fiber content, indicating that the samples’ nutritional profiles were improved after fermentation processing. The FTIR results showed the presence of hydroxy, carboxyl, amine, alkane, alkene, and alkyne bonding. The antioxidant activity of fermented samples was more than that of unfermented ones. Fermented samples had strong antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. An increase in TPC and TFC contributed to the rise in the antioxidant activity of the fermented sample. An increase in TSS suggested improvement in flavour and sweetness. Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, demonstrated their potential as a natural antimicrobial agent.
 
Conclusion: The enhanced antimicrobial activity of fermented tea leaves highlights the importance of the fermentation process in producing tea with improved microbial control and possible health benefits.
Great Recollections from Aggieland: A Human Interest Account of the Development of the Agricultural and Technical College of North Carolina from 1863-1960
Authors: Spruill Albert W.
Published: January 2024

In the words of the author, Great Recollections from Aggieland represents a collection of tales and legends that have been uncovered, lived, passed down through the generations. Some stories included are not to be taken as factual truths but as legends or stories that are a part of the college culture. Nevertheless, the author expresses an earnest attempt to discern the truth within these narratives to the best of his ability. Published in 1964, the book provides background information on the history and development of Aggieland, stories told from the perspective of administration, faculty, students, alumni, and a glimpse of college life from 1893 to 1960.
The Effect of Capital Structure on Profitability: Evidence from the Turkish Manufacturing Companies
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Batuhan , ÖZEL Özgür
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This study analyses the relationship between capital structure and profitability levels of manufacturing industry companies operating in Türkiye between the years 2006-2020.

Methodology: The relationship between capital structure and the profitability of Turkish manufacturing industry companies was analyzed using the standard error estimator proposed by Driscoll and Kraay (1998). In this context, sub-panel data models were created.

Findings: The findings showed that capital structure changes (short-term debt, long-term debt, and total debt) in the manufacturing industry are negatively related to both return on assets and return on equity.

Originality: It is thought that this study will contribute to the existing literature in terms of better understanding the relationship between the changes in the capital structure decisions of the manufacturing industry companies operating in Türkiye, both their return on assets and their return on equity, taking into account their sub-sectors.
DMAIC Cycle for the New Product Launch Process: FMEA and DOE Applications for Built-In Oven
Authors: AKTAR DEMİRTAŞ Ezgi , YETİMLER KOSTUR Gamze , KARA Mehmet Erol
Published: January 2024

Objective: Six Sigma-SS and the DMAIC-Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control cycle are employed to enhance the success of the launch of a new built-in oven with a digital panel.

Method: Following the define and measure phases, to identify and eliminate potential failures, Failure Mode and Effect Analysis-FMEA is conducted and control plans were composed during the analyse phase. In the improvement phase, the Risk Priority Numbers-RPNs obtained through FMEA and recommendations were listed. Using Design of Experiments-DOE, the lifespan of bulbs in ovens was maintained at the target value while reducing procurement costs. In the control phase, the results of validation experiments and the gains were reported.

Findings: After reporting the RPNs related to high-risk failure modes and providing improvement recommendations, DOE and Analysis of Variance were employed to determine which type of oven and brand of bulb could be used. If implemented, the expected annual savings are approximately 20,000 Euros.

Originality: This article focuses on an integrated approach for a product that is set for a new launch. It aims to improve design and production processes using the SS while also targeting cost reduction in procurement processes. To the best of our knowledge, no similar study has been encountered in the literature.
Technology Adoption, Innovation, and the South Korean Miracle
Authors: ATTAR M. Aykut
Published: January 2024

Purpose: The main purpose is to understand the microeconomic foundations of the South Korean miracle through careful analysis and a realistic equilibrium model.

Methodology: The paper constructs a simple equilibrium model where productivity growth is endogenous to (i) human capital, (ii) the country’s distance to the global technology frontier, and (iii) the level of urban agglomeration. The paper identifies and calculates unobserved productivity terms using various observed variables from South Korean national accounts for the post-1960 period. The paper then presents the structural estimates of the model parameters and the results of the decomposition analysis.

Findings: While the South Korean economy was initially using a backward technology, it became an innovation economy in the early 1980s. Structural estimates show that urban agglomeration is not statistically significant in the South Korean case. Finally, a decomposition analysis shows that, in the early 1960s, human capital and distance to the frontier made similar contributions to productivity growth.

Originality: The model economy has two sectors. Technology in the modern sector exhibits Constant Returns to Scale, but traditional technology is constrained by Decreasing Returns to Scale. In addition, both the technology adoption regime and the innovation regime can be represented by the same mathematical function, and the article is therefore theoretically original.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan dan Kepemimpinan Pemerintah Desa Terhadap Kepuasan Masyarakat
Authors: Lumaya Novelia Vionita , Guampe Feliks Arfid , Kawani Fredrik Bastian , Kayupa Olvit Olniwati
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kualitas pelayanan dan kepemimpinan pemerintah desa terhadap kepuasan masyarakat. Studi ini dilakukan di desa Didiri Kecamatan Pamona Timur Kabupaten Poso pada bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian sejumlah 115 kepala keluarga. Teknik penarikan sampel yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling dengan rumus Yamane dan standar eror 5% maka diperoleh sampel sebanyak 92 kepala keluarga jumlah perolehan sampel sebanyak 92 kepala keluarga. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan menyebar kuesioner kepada 92 responden. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dinyatakan sahih dengan menunjukkan hasil uji valid diamana rata r hitung lebih besar dari r table (0,2050) dan reliabel untuk masing-masing instrument dilihat dari nilai alpha yang lebih besar dari 0,60. Analisis data menggunakan teknik statistik inferensial nonparametris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan dan kepemimpinan secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan masyarakat. Secara simultan kualitas pelayanan dan kepemimpinan juga memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kepuasan masyarakat.
Consistent delay in recent timing of passerine autumn migration
Authors: Søderdahl Adam Sahl , Tøttrup Anders P.
Published: January 2024

Climate change affects important biological processes, bird migration phenology being a particular well-documented one. While spring migration have been found to advance by numerous studies, autumn migration is less studied and show more variable change in timing. Few studies of autumn migration are based on data from after 2000, leaving the last two decades to be relatively less studied. Here, we investigate recent change in autumn migration phenology of European passerines. The most recent available bird ringing data from Denmark is used to analyse phenological change of median and late migration of 14 passerine migrants between 2003–2021. We find an overall delay of autumn migration, mainly driven by short-distance migrants. All short-distance migrants, one out of five medium-distance and three out of five long-distance migrants delay autumn migration. None of the included species advance autumn migration significantly. As climate change has continuously resulted in milder conditions in north-western Europe, we expect this to cause further effects on migration phenology also in recent decades. Our results provide novel insight into recent migration phenology trends, and the observed delay in long-distance migrants may illustrate a changed response to climate change.
Source apportionment of PM2.5 in Montréal, Canada, and health risk assessment for potentially toxic elements
Authors: Fakhri Nansi , Stevens Robin , Downey Arnold , Oikonomou Konstantina , Sciare Jean , Afif Charbel , Hayes Patrick L.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Source apportionment of PM2.5 was performed using positive matrix factorization (PMF) based on detailed chemical composition data from 24 h filter samples collected over a 3-month period (August–November 2020) at an urban site in Montréal, a Canadian city with a population of approximately 4×106 people. This source apportionment study, which examined the main contributing sources to PM2.5 using a larger suite of organic molecular markers than other Canadian studies, is the first of its sort in Canada. A focus of this study was on quantifying previously unresolved sources of PM2.5 through the inclusion in the PMF analysis of additional organic molecular markers beyond those measured typically by the Canadian government's National Air Pollution Surveillance Program (NAPS). The organic species included in the PMF model were comprised of six n-alkanes, two fatty acids, one dicarboxylic acid, two biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) tracers, and hopane. Secondary inorganic aerosols (SIAs) and SOAs were the dominant components and constituted 39 % of the measured PM2.5 mass, while the local primary anthropogenic sources, namely traffic exhaust, road dust, industrial, and cooking emissions, contributed 23 %. The chemical transport model GEOS-Chem revealed that ammonium sulfate concentrations in Montréal are strongly influenced by both local sources in Quebec and transboundary input from the United States, with the transboundary input exceeding the local emissions for SOA. Co and Cr(VI) presented an elevated cancer risk, highlighting that more attention should be given to these trace metals, which were associated with industrial emissions by the PMF analysis. Furthermore, the results showed that industrial emissions were minor contributors to the total PM2.5 mass concentration but were the largest contributors to Co and Cr(VI) concentrations. Thus, the health hazards associated with this source cannot be entirely established by the PM2.5 mass concentration alone. This study highlights that, when evaluating air quality in Montréal and other urban regions, the prioritization of sources for mitigation strategies will diverge if one considers total PM2.5 mass concentration or the concentration of individual particulate-bound contaminants. Furthermore, the large transboundary contribution from the United States to total PM2.5 levels suggests that future municipal, provincial, and federal monitoring and regulations would be more effective if they focus on specific high-risk contaminants (e.g., Co and Cr(VI) rather than total PM2.5).
Thermal infrared observations of a western United States biomass burning aerosol plume
Authors: Sorenson Blake T. , Reid Jeffrey S. , Zhang Jianglong , Holz Robert E. , Smith Sr. William L. , Gumber Amanda
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Biomass burning smoke particles, due to their submicron particle size in relation to the average thermal infrared (TIR) wavelength, theoretically have negligible signals at the TIR channels. However, nearly instantaneous longwave (LW) signatures of thick smoke plumes can be frequently observed at the TIR channels from remotely sensed data, including at 10.6 µm (IR window), as well as in water-vapor-sensitive wavelengths at 7.3, 6.8, and 6.3 µm (e.g., lower, middle, and upper troposphere). We systematically evaluated multiple hypotheses as to causal factors of these IR signatures of biomass burning smoke using a combination of data from the Aqua MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Aqua Cloud and the Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES), Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 16/17 (GOES-16/17) Advanced Baseline Imager, and Suomi-NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS). The largely clear transmission of light through wildfire smoke in the near infrared indicates that coarse or giant ash particles are unlikely to be the dominant cause. Rather, clear signals in water vapor and TIR channels suggest that both co-transported water vapor injected to the middle to upper troposphere and surface cooling by the reduction of surface radiation by the plume are more significant, with the surface cooling effect of smoke aloft being the most dominant. Giving consideration of the smoke impacts on TIR and longwave, CERES indicates that large wildfire aerosol plumes are more radiatively neutral. Further, this smoke-induced TIR signal may be used to map very optically thick smoke plumes, where traditional aerosol retrieval methods have difficulties.
HETEAC-Flex: an optimal estimation method for aerosol typing based on lidar-derived intensive optical properties
Authors: Floutsi Athena Augusta , Baars Holger , Wandinger Ulla
Published: January 2024

Abstract. This study introduces a novel methodology for the characterization of atmospheric aerosol based on lidar-derived intensive optical properties. The proposed aerosol-typing scheme is based on the optimal estimation method (OEM) and allows the identification of up to four different aerosol components of an aerosol mixture, as well as the quantification of their contribution to the aerosol mixture in terms of relative volume. The four aerosol components considered in this typing scheme are associated with the most commonly observed aerosol particles in nature and are assumed to be physically separated from each other and, therefore, can create external mixtures. Two components represent absorbing and less-absorbing fine-mode particles, and the other two components represent spherical and non-spherical coarse-mode particles. These components reflect adequately the most frequently observed aerosol types in the atmosphere: combustion- and pollution-related aerosol, sea salt, and desert dust, respectively. In addition, to consolidate the calibration and validation efforts for the upcoming EarthCARE mission, the typing scheme proposed here is in accordance with the Hybrid End-To-End Aerosol Classification (HETEAC) model of EarthCARE. The lidar-derived optical parameters used in this typing scheme are the lidar ratio and the particle linear depolarization ratio at two distinct wavelengths (355 and 532 nm), the backscatter-related color ratio for the wavelength pair of 532/1064 nm and the extinction-related Ångström exponent for the wavelength pair of 355/532 nm. These intensive optical properties can be combined in different ways, making the methodology flexible, thus allowing its application to lidar systems with different configurations (e.g., single wavelength or multiwavelength, Raman, high spectral resolution). The typing scheme was therefore named HETEAC-Flex due to its compatibility with EarthCARE's HETEAC and its methodological flexibility. The functionality of the typing scheme is demonstrated by its application to three case studies based on layer-averaged optical properties.
Multi-centuries mean summer temperature variations in the Southern Rhaetian Alps reconstructed from Larix decidua blue-intensity data
Authors: Cerrato Riccardo , Salvatore Maria Cristina , Brunetti Michele , Somma Andrea , Baroni Carlo
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Ongoing climate change is likely to cause a worldwide temperature increase of 1.5 °C by the mid-century. To contextualize these changes in a long-term context, historical climatological data extending beyond data obtained from instrumental records are needed. This is even more relevant in remote areas characterized by complex climatic influences and where climate sensitivity is pronounced, such as the European Alps. Dendroclimatology has been recognized as a fundamental tool for reconstructing past climate variations because its temporal resolution is higher than that of other proxies. In this study, we present a comprehensive dendroclimatic analysis in which blue intensity (BI) data derived from European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees in the Southern Rhaetian Alps were employed. By establishing the relationships between BI patterns in tree rings and climate variables, the possibility of using the obtained data for constructing a high-resolution, long-term climate record is explored. The results showed that BI data from European larch share greater variance with June–August mean temperatures than total ring width measurements. Moreover, the BI performance as a temperature predictor resulted temporal and spatial quite-stationarity and its regression indices are comparable to those obtainable by data from the more expensive wood density method. The results from this analysis will extend the current knowledge on the applicability of using BI data to study European larch, and the reconstruction described herein is the first attempt to determine whether this proxy can be utilized for dendroclimatic aims. Thus BI data represent a new tool for extending our knowledge beyond that obtained from instrumental records and facilitating a more robust evaluation of climate models and future climate scenarios.
Climate Affects Global Basin-Related Metallogeny
Authors: Zhang Chuang
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The basin-related hydrothermal mineral deposits are the products of metal deposition in a relatively small area from metal-rich saline brines that source from basins. Recent studies have confirmed that the metal-rich ore-forming fluids were formed in semi-arid to arid environments, and are the products of a complex system involving precipitation, weathering, groundwater, precipitation-dissolution reactions, and evaporation. The evaporation is the main reason for the buildup of metals in saline brines. The formation of metal-rich saline brines is commonly accompanied by the formation of evaporites. The statistical results of basin-related mineral deposits worldwide show that there are two metallogenic periods after the great oxidation event: 2.1–1.4 Ga (Period I) and 0.8 Ga to present (Period II), with few scattered between these two periods (metallogenic quiescence period). In addition, Metallogenic Period II has five metallogenic peaks: ~380–340 Ma (II-1), ~300–240 Ma (II-2), ~160–100 Ma (II-3), 60–40 Ma (II-4), and one specific stratiform Cu metallogenic concentration period of ~580–500 Ma (II-5). These two metallogenic periods and five peaks are coupled with the widespread development of saline deposits in time. The basin-related ore deposits are mainly symmetrically occurring in 10°–60° in paleo-latitudes, which is consistent with the occurring latitudes of evaporites. The metallogenic quiescence period corresponded to the scarcity of saline deposits and was probably caused by the combination of a lack of hydrological closed basins and arid to semi-arid environments during 1.4–0.8 Ga. This quiescence period was coupled with the booming of stromatolites and the extremely thin continents, both of which suggest an Earth with flat continents that were covered by a hot and wet climate, and the widely developed shallow marine environments of the major continents at middle and low altitudes during 1.4–0.8 Ga.
Influence of plant traits on water cycle processes in the Amazon Basin
Authors: Nguyen Kien , Santos Maria J.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Plants play a key role in the soil-plant-atmosphere-climate hydrological continuum. Plants depend on the water cycle and, in return, several hydrological processes could be impacted via vegetation-induced mechanisms. Changes in plant composition are known to affect this relationship, however, detailed understanding on how plant characteristics, i.e., their traits, are seldom included in observational and modeling studies. Here we examine the effect of plant traits on water cycle processes in the Amazon Basin. We used remotely-sensed estimates of four plant traits, namely Specific Leaf Area (SLA), Leaf Dry Matter Content (LDMC), Leaf Phosphorus Content (LPC), Leaf Nitrogen Content (LNC), and two vegetation indices, the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Leaf Area Index (LAI), for 10 years between 2001 and 2010. We examined the relationship between plant traits and six parameters relevant for water cycle processes, namely Evapotranspiration (ET), Potential Evapotranspiration (PET), Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD), Land Surface Temperature (LST) Day/Night and Soil Moisture (SM). We used multivariate and quantile regressions to analyse how plant traits explain the average and standard deviation in water cycle process parameters. We find that SLA, NDVI, and LAI exert the strongest effects across the whole of Amazon basin and the sub-basins, most important for the regulation of atmospheric water content and of land surface temperature, but little effect on the regulation of soil moisture content. These effects are exacerbated at extreme values of water process parameters, where plant traits exert an even stronger effect at low values of ET and PET and high values of VPD and LST. Leaf gas exchange traits are most important in comparison to the other traits, and these results also highlight that if water cycle process parameters achieve extreme values, plant traits are key to the persistence of hydrological processes fundamental to the resilience of the Amazon.
Geomorphological and geomorphometrical characterization of subglacial channels on Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Ruso Simona F. , Grau Galofre Anna , Osinski Gordon R.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Subglacial channels are morphologically and morphometrically distinct in comparison to fluvial channels, yet their identification from remote sensing data is still problematic. To contribute to the current set of criteria used to identify such channels, we performed detailed field observations of two subglacial channel networks on Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada. In planform, these channels are isolated, finger-like networks that drain into a main stem and have distinct cross-sectional and longitudinal profiles. Cross-sections are flat-bottomed with steep walls and longitudinal profiles are convex and exhibit undulations, typical of pressurized water flow (i.e., subglacial flow). To facilitate remote sensing identification, we interrogated how well-known scaling relationships capturing hydraulics and mass balance dynamics of fluvial systems differ in subglacial channels. Scaling relationships typically used to discern connections between discharge and channel and catchment size in fluvial systems were applied to both networks, yielding trends distinct from the fluvial literature. We suggest that the weakly correlated relationship we found between channel discharge and the size of the drainage area indicates a discrete point or line source of water, such as a moulin or crevasse.
Fusion of Lagrangian drifter data and numerical model outputs for improved assessment of turbulent dispersion
Authors: Bertin Sloane , Sentchev Alexei , Alekseenko Elena
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Transport and dispersion processes in the ocean are crucial, as they determine the lifetime and fate of biological and chemical quantities drifting with ocean currents. Due to the complexity of the coastal ocean environment, numerical circulation models have difficulties to accurately simulate highly turbulent flows and dispersion processes, especially in highly energetic tidal basins such as the eastern English Channel. A method of improving the results of coastal circulation modeling and tracer dispersion in the Dover Strait is proposed. Surface current velocities derived from Lagrangian drifter measurements in November 2020 and May 2021 were optimally interpolated in time and space to constrain a high-resolution coastal circulation MARS model, with careful attention given to selecting ensemble members composing the model covariance matrix. The space-time velocity covariances derived from model simulations were utilized by the Optimal Interpolation algorithm to determine the most likely evolution of the velocity field under constraints provided by Lagrangian observations and their error statistics. The accuracy of the velocity field reconstruction was evaluated at each time step. The results of the fusion of model outputs with surface drifter velocity measurements show a significant improvement (by ~50 %) of the model capability to simulate the drift of passive tracers in the Dover Strait. Optimized velocity fields were used to quantify the absolute dispersion in the study area. The implications of these results are important, as they can be used to improve existing decision-making support tool or design new tools for monitoring the transport and dispersion in coastal ocean environment.
An evaluation of atmospheric absorption models at millimetre and sub-millimetre wavelengths using airborne observations
Authors: Fox Stuart , Mattioli Vinia , Turner Emma , Vance Alan , Cimini Domenico , Gallucci Donatello
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Accurate gas absorption models at millimetre and sub-millimetre wavelengths are required to make best use of observations from instruments on board the next generation of EUMETSAT polar-orbiting weather satellites, including the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI), which measures at frequencies up to 664 GHz. In this study, airborne observations of clear-sky scenes between 89 and 664 GHz are used to evaluate two state-of-the-art absorption models by performing radiative closure calculations. Observed brightness temperatures are compared to simulated values from the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS) for both upward and downward-looking viewing directions. It is shown that uncertainties in the atmospheric water vapour profile can have a significant impact on individual comparisons, but these errors can be reduced by averaging across multiple flights. For upward looking views, which have the greatest sensitivity to the absorption model, the mean differences between observed and simulated brightness temperatures are generally close to, or within, the estimated spectroscopic uncertainty. For downward-looking views, which more closely match the satellite viewing geometry, the mean differences were generally less than 1.5 K, with the exception of window channels at 89 and 157 GHz, which are significantly influenced by surface properties. These results suggest that both of the absorption models considered are sufficiently accurate for use with ICI.
Historical and projected future runoff over the Mekong River basin
Authors: Wang Chao , Leisz Stephen , Li Li , Shi Xiaoying , Mao Jiafu , Zheng Yi , Chen Anping
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The Mekong River (MR) crosses the borders and connects six countries, including China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. It provides critical water resources and supports natural and agricultural ecosystems, socioeconomic development, and the livelihoods of the people living in this region. Understanding changes in the runoff of this important international river under projected climate change is critical for water resource management and climate change adaptation planning. However, research on long-term runoff dynamics for the MR and the underlying drivers of runoff variability remains scarce. Here, we analyse historical runoff variations from 1971 to 2020 based on runoff gauge data collected from eight hydrological stations along the MR. With these runoff data, we then evaluate the runoff simulation performance of five global hydrological models (GHMs) forced by four global climate models (GCMs) under the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP). Furthermore, based on the best simulation combination, we quantify the impact of future climate change on river runoff changes in the MR. The result shows that the annual runoff in the MR has not changed significantly in the past 5 decades, while the establishment of dams and reservoirs in the basin visibly affected the annual runoff distribution. The ensemble-averaged result of the Water Global Assessment and Prognosis version 2 (WaterGAP2; i.e. GHM) forced by four GCMs has the best runoff simulation performance. Under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs; i.e. RCP2.6, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5), the runoff of the MR is projected to increase significantly (p<0.05); e.g. 3.81 ± 3.47 m3s-1a-1 (9 ± 8 % increase in 100 years) at the upper reach under RCP2.6 and 16.36 ± 12.44 m3s-1a-1 (13 ± 10 % increase in 100 years) at the lower reach under RCP6.0. In particular, under the RCP6.0 scenario, the increase in annual runoff is most pronounced in the middle and lower reaches, due to increased precipitation and snowmelt. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, the runoff distribution in different seasons varies obviously, increasing the risk of flooding in the wet season and drought in the dry season.
Future water storage changes over the Mediterranean, Middle East, and North Africa in response to global warming and stratospheric aerosol intervention
Authors: Rezaei Abolfazl , Karami Khalil , Tilmes Simone , Moore John C.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Water storage plays a profound role in the lives of people across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) as it is the most water-stressed region worldwide. The lands around the Caspian and Mediterranean seas are simulated to be very sensitive to future climate warming. Available water capacity depends on hydroclimate variables such as temperature and precipitation that will depend on socioeconomic pathways and changes in climate. This work explores changes in both the mean and extreme terrestrial water storage (TWS) under an unmitigated greenhouse gas (GHG) scenario (SSP5-8.5) and stratospheric aerosol intervention (SAI) designed to offset GHG-induced warming above 1.5 ∘C and compares both with historical period simulations. Both mean TWS and extreme TWS are projected to significantly decrease under SSP5-8.5 over the domain, except for the Arabian Peninsula, particularly in the wetter lands around the Caspian and Mediterranean seas. Relative to global warming, SAI partially ameliorates the decreased mean TWS in the wet regions, while it has no significant effect on the increased TWS in drier lands. In the entire domain studied, the mean TWS is larger under SAI than pure GHG forcing, mainly due to the significant cooling and, in turn, a substantial decrease in evapotranspiration under SAI relative to SSP5-8.5. Changes in extreme water storage excursions under global warming are reduced by SAI. Extreme TWS under both future climate scenarios is larger than throughout the historical period across Iran, Iraq, and the Arabian Peninsula, but the response of the more continental eastern North Africa hyper-arid climate is different from the neighboring dry lands. In the latter case, we note a reduction in the mean TWS trend under both GHG and SAI scenarios, with extreme TWS values also showing a decline compared to historical conditions.
The wind farm pressure field
Authors: Smith Ronald B.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The disturbed atmospheric pressure near a wind farm arises from the turbine drag forces in combination with vertical confinement associated with atmospheric stability. These pressure gradients slow the wind upstream, deflect the air laterally, weaken the flow deceleration over the farm, and modify the farm wake recovery. Here, we describe the airflow and pressure disturbance near a wind farm under typical stability conditions and, alternatively, with the simplifying assumption of a rigid lid. The rigid lid case clarifies the cause of the pressure disturbance and its close relationship to wind farm drag. The key to understanding the rigid lid model is the proof that the pressure field p(x,y) is a harmonic function almost everywhere. It follows that the maximum and minimum pressure occur at the front and back edge of the farm. Over the farm, the favorable pressure gradient is constant and significantly offsets the turbine drag. Upwind and downwind of the farm, the pressure field is a dipole given by p(x,y)≈Axr-2, where the coefficient A is proportional to the total farm drag. Two derivations of this law are given. Field measurements of pressure can be used to find the coefficient A and thus to estimate total farm drag.
Developing Culture of Mentorship
Authors: Durrani Shazia Fakhir , Hameed Ammara
Published: January 2024

The idea of ‘mentoring’ developed 3000 years ago, with the character of ‘Mentor’ in Homer's Greek poem, Odyssey.

Odysseus delegated his juvenile son Telemachus under care of his old and wise friend, Mentor, when he had to leave his young son for 10 years to fight in the Trojan War.1 Mentoring is important for development of the medical profession. It is bidirectional and benefits both mentor and mentee
PENCEGAHAN DAN PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT HIPERTENSI PADA MASYARAKAT KECAMATAN SUKAWANGI KABUPATEN BEKASI
Authors: Dewi Masita Sari , Safitri Delia , Bella Febriana  , Diana Putri  , Nisa Rahma  , Rizqi Novita
Published: January 2024

Cakupan pelayanan kesehatan penderita hipertensi berdasarkan hasil pengukuran tekanan darah di Jawa Barat tahun 2022 sebesar 13,59 %. Berdasarkan hasil Riskesdas 2018, prevalensi hipertensi berdasarkan hasil pengukuran pada penduduk umur > 18 tahun sebesar 39,6 mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan hasil Riskesdas Tahun 2013 yaitu sebesar 29,4. Kabupaten /kota dengan cakupan pelayanan kesehatan penderita hipertensi tertinggi di Kabupaten Sukabumi (63,27%), Kabupaten Pangandaran (55,33%), dan Kota Depok (37,08%). Sedangkan cakupan terendah berada di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya (0,82%).Hipertensi merupakan penyakit peningkatan tekanan darah diatas nilai normal. Salah satu faktor paling penting penyebab hipertensi adalah usia dan pengetahuan masyarakat yang dapat dicegah melalui pemberian edukasi terhadap masyaraka. Penyuluhan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat di Desa Sukabudi Kecamatan sukawangi, terkait pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit hipertensi. Metode yang digunakan adalah pemberian edukasi melalui upaya penyuluhan dan pembagian leaflet yang berisi informasi tentang pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit hipertensi. Kegiatan penyuluhan dilakukan di Desa Sukabudi, Kecamatan Sukawangi, Kabupaten Bekasi. Secara garis besar pelaksanaan kegiatan penyuluhan dapat dikategorikan sukses dan berjalan dengan baik. Hal ini dapat ditunjukkan dengan hasil seluruh sasaran penyuluhan (100%) yang berjumlah 33 peserta yang terdiri dari 29 perempuan, 2 laki-laki dan 2 peserta remaja. Peserta mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan sebelum dan setelah mendapatkan penyuluhan dan pembagian leaflet. Harapannya kegiatan ini dapat dilakukan secara berkesinambungan bagi masyarakat sehingga dapat mencegah penyakit hipertensi dikemudian hari.