bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Impact Resistance of Various Composite Sandwich Beams by Vibration Tests
Authors: Shahdin Amir , Morlier Joseph , Mezeix Laurent , Bouvet Christophe , Gourinat Yves
Published: January 2014

Impact resistance of different types of composite sandwich beams is evaluated by studying vibration response changes (natural frequency and damping ratio). This experimental works will help aerospace structural engineer in assess structural integrity using classification of impact resistance of various composite sandwich beams (entangled carbon and glass fibers, honeycomb and foam cores). Low velocity impacts are done below the barely visible impact damage (BVID) limit in order to detect damage by vibration testing that is hardly visible on the surface. Experimental tests are done using both burst random and sine dwell testing in order to have a better confidence level on the extracted modal parameters. Results show that the entangled sandwich beams have a better resistance against impact as compared to classical core materials.
On the Nature of Fear of Falling in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Rahman S. , Griffin H. J. , Quinn N. P. , Jahanshahi M.
Published: January 2014

In the elderly, fear of falling (FoF) can lead to activity restriction and affect quality of life (QoL). Our aim was to identify the characteristics of FoF in Parkinson's disease and assess its impact on QoL. We assessed FoF in 130 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) on scales measuring perceived self-efficacy in performing a range of activities (FES), perceived consequences of falling (CoF), and activity avoidance (SAFFE). A significant difference was found in FoF between PD patients who had previously fallen and those who had not and between frequent and infrequent fallers. Patient-rated disability significantly influenced FoF. Difficulty in rising from a chair, difficulty turning, start hesitation, festination, loss of balance, and shuffling were the specific mobility problems which were associated with greater FoF in PD. Disability was the main predictor of FoF, additionally depression predicted perceived consequences of falling, while anxiety predicted activity avoidance. The FoF measures explained 65% of the variance of QoL in PD, highlighting the clinical importance of FoF. These results have implications for the clinical management of FoF in PD.
Bifurcations of a Controlled Two-Bar Linkage Motion with Considering Viscous Frictions
Authors: Han Qingkai , Zhao Xueyan , Li Xingxiu , Wen Bangchun
Published: January 2014

In this paper, we investigate the joint viscous friction effects on the motions of a two-bar linkage under controlling of OPCL. The dynamical model of the two-bar linkage with an OPCL controller is firstly set up with considering the two joints' viscous frictions. Thereafter, the motion bifurcations of the two-bar linkage along the values of joint viscous frictions are obtained using shooting method. Then, single-periodic, multiple-periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic motions of link rotating angles are simulated with given different viscous friction values, and they are illustrated in time domain waveforms, phase space portraits, amplitude spectra and Poincare mapping graphs, respectively. Additionally, for the chaotic case, Lyapunov exponents and hypothesis possibilities of the two joint motions are also estimated.
Crack Propagation in a Toughened Epoxy Adhesive under Repeated Impacts
Authors: Ashcroft Ian A. , Silberschmidt Vadim V. , Echard Benjamin , Rodriguez Juan Pablo Casas
Published: January 2014

Adhesives are being increasingly used in structural applications, especially in aerospace, automotive and naval structures, making their structural integrity an important issue. In-service loading histories of such structures usually contain low-energy impacts, repetition of which can significantly affect their performance. This paper deals with the behaviour of the toughened epoxy adhesive FM73 under repeated impacts, known as impact fatigue. Izod impact fatigue tests were performed on FM73 specimens in order to study the evolution of damage and to characterise this via measurable parameters, such as the maximum force and the contact time. A finite element model was developed to simulate the impact tests and this was used to calculate the dynamic strain energy release rate, which was compared with that determined using a simple analytical method. A relationship between the maximum dynamic strain energy release rate and impact fatigue crack growth rate was established that was used as the basis of an impact fatigue crack growth law.
Factors Study Influencing on Numerical Simulation of Aircraft Windshield against Bird Strike
Authors: Wang F.S. , Yue Z.F. , Yan W.Z.
Published: January 2014

The combined model of UniGraphics(UG) and ANSYS-LS-DYNA software and finite element (FE) model of aircraft windshield and windshield structure for bird strike were built. The windshield structure is composed of windshield, framework, arc-frame and gasket. The factors influencing on dynamic response for bird strike were analyzed such as bird velocity, mesh density of windshield, mesh density of bird, boundary condition, material model of windshield, analytic methods and components of windshield structure. The results showed that these factors must be taken into account when FE analysis method is applied to aircraft anti-bird design.
Particle Damping with Granular Materials for Multi Degree of Freedom System
Authors: Inoue Masanobu , Yokomichi Isao , Hiraki Koju
Published: January 2014

A particle damper consists of a bed of granular materials moving in cavities within a multi degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structure. This paper deals with the damping effects on forced vibrations of a MDOF structure provided with the vertical particle dampers. In the analysis, the particle bed is assumed to be a single mass, and the collisions between the granules and the cavities are completely inelastic, i.e., all energy dissipation mechanisms are wrapped into zero coefficient of restitution. To predict the particle damping effect, equations of motion are developed in terms of equivalent single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system and damper mass with use made of modal approach. In this report, the periodic vibration model comprising sustained contact on or separation of the damper mass from vibrating structure is developed. A digital model is also formulated to simulate the damped motion of the physical system, taking account of all vibration modes. Numerical and experimental studies are made of the damping performance of plural dampers located at selected positions throughout a 3MDOF system. The experimental results confirm numerical prediction that collision between granules and structures is completely inelastic as the contributing mechanism of damping in the vertical vibration. It is found that particle dampers with properly selected mass ratios and clearances effectively suppress the resonance peaks over a wide frequency range.
Three-Dimensional Shock Spectrum of Critical Component for Nonlinear Packaging System
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Zhi-Wei , Lu Li-Xin , Zhu Yong , Wang Yong-Guang
Published: January 2014

To evaluate the shock characteristics of critical component for a nonlinear packaging system, a new concept of three-dimensional shock spectrum was proposed. Three key coordinate parameters, such as the nondimensional pulse duration, the frequency parameter ratio and the ratio of the maximum response acceleration to the peak pulse acceleration, were governed in a novel dynamical mathematical model. It is shown that the shock response of critical component is weakened owning to the decrease in the defined system parameter. Furthermore, at low frequency parameter ratio, the enhancement of the damping ratio of the critical component leads to the decrease in the peak of the shock response, which can also be reduced by the increase in damping ratio of cushioning pad at both lower and higher frequency parameter ratios. The discussion and analysis provide some insights into the design of cushioning packaging as well.
Response of the Duffing-Van der Pol Oscillator under Position Feedback Control with Two Time Delays
Authors: Li Xinye , Zhang Huabiao , Zhang Lijuan
Published: January 2014

In this paper, the dynamics of Duffing-van der Pol oscillators under linear-plus-nonlinear position feedback control with two time delays is studied analytically and numerically. By the averaging method, together with truncation of Taylor expansions for those terms with time delay, the slow-flow equations are obtained from which the trivial and nontrivial solutions can be found. It is shown that the trivial solution can be stabilized by appropriate gain and time delay in linear feedback although it loses its stability via Hopf bifurcation and results in periodic solution for uncontrolled systems. And the stability of the trivial solution is independent of nonlinear feedback. Different from the case of the trivial solution, the stability of nontrivial solutions is also associated with nonlinear feedback besides linear feedback. Non-trivial solutions may lose their stability via saddle-node or Hopf bifurcation and the resulting response of the system may be quasi-periodic or chaotic. The feedback gains and time delays have great effects on the amplitude of the periodic solutions and their bifurcation control. The simulations, obtained by numerically integrating the original system, are in good agreement with the analytical results.
Dynamic Characteristics of Flow Induced Vibration in a Rotor-Seal System
Authors: Zhang Nan , Liu Ying , Chu Fulei
Published: January 2014

Flow induced vibration is an important factor affecting the performance of the rotor-seal system. From the point of view of flow induced vibration, the nonlinear models of the rotor-seal system are presented for the analysis of the fluid force, which is induced by the interaction between the unstable fluid flow in the seal and the vibrating rotor. The nonlinear characteristics of flow induced vibration in the rotor-seal system are analyzed, and the nonlinear phenomena in the unbalanced rotor-seal system are investigated using the nonlinear models. Various nonlinear phenomena of flow induced vibration in the rotor-seal system, such as synchronization phenomenon and amplitude mutation, are reproduced.
Epilepsy: The Quintessential Pathology of Consciousness
Authors: Cavanna Andrea Eugenio , Ali Fizzah
Published: January 2014

Alterations in consciousness are central to epileptic manifestations, and involve changes in both the level of awareness and subjective content of consciousness. Generalised seizures are characterised by minimal responsiveness and subjective experience whereas simple and complex partial seizures demonstrate more selective disturbances. Despite variations in ictal origin, behaviour and electrophysiology, the individual seizure types share common neuroanatomical foundations generating impaired consciousness. This article provides a description of the phenomenology of ictal consciousness and reviews the underlying shared neural network, dubbed the 'consciousness system', which overlaps with the 'default mode' network. In addition, clinical and experimental models for the study of the brain correlates of ictal alterations of consciousness are discussed. It is argued that further investigation into both human and animal models will permit greater understanding of brain mechanisms and associated behavioural consequences, possibly leading to the development of new targeted treatments.
Peri-Ictal and Ictal Cognitive Dysfunction in Epilepsy
Authors: Vijayaraghavan Lavanya , Natarajan Subbulakshmy , Krishnamoorthy Ennapadam Srinivas
Published: January 2014

Disturbances in cognitive function, particularly memory, are a common complaint of patients with epilepsy. Factors contributing to cognitive dysfunction are the type of epilepsy, type and frequency of seizures, anti-epileptic drugs and the location of underlying brain lesions. Whilst a great deal of attention has been paid to permanent cognitive impairment, the nature and underlying mechanisms of ictal and peri-ictal cognitive changes are poorly understood. In-depth investigation of seizure related cognitive dysfunction is of great clinical relevance, as these changes are potentially reversible and treatable, thus reducing the cumulative effect of frequent seizures Greater knowledge of peri-ictal and ictal cognitive dysfunction would improve seizure prediction, localization of seizure focus and assessment of treatment effectiveness, greatly reducing distress and disability. This paper will review current understanding of peri-ictal and ictal cognitive dysfunction and discuss future directions for research.
Cerebral Perfusion in Chronic Stroke: Implications for Lesion-Symptom Mapping and Functional MRI
Authors: Richardson Jessica D. , Baker Julie M. , Morgan Paul S. , Rorden Chris , Bonilha L. , Fridriksson Julius
Published: January 2014

Lesion-symptom mapping studies are based upon the assumption that behavioral impairments are directly related to structural brain damage. Given what is known about the relationship between perfusion deficits and impairment in acute stroke, attributing specific behavioral impairments to localized brain damage leaves much room for speculation, as impairments could also reflect abnormal neurovascular function in brain regions that appear structurally intact on traditional CT and MRI scans. Compared to acute stroke, the understanding of cerebral perfusion in chronic stroke is far less clear. Utilizing arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI, we examined perfusion in 17 patients with chronic left hemisphere stroke. The results revealed a decrease in left hemisphere perfusion, primarily in peri-infarct tissue. There was also a strong relationship between increased infarct size and decreased perfusion. These findings have implications for lesion-symptom mapping studies as well as research that relies on functional MRI to study chronic stroke.
Blast Simulator Testing of Structures: Methodology and Validation
Authors: Rodriguez-Nikl T. , Hegemier G.A. , Seible F.
Published: January 2014

The blast simulator at the University of California, San Diego is a unique tool for conducting full-scale testing of blast effects on structures without the use of explosive materials. This blast simulator uses high speed hydraulic actuators to launch specially designed modules toward the specimen, thereby imparting impulse in a blast-like manner. This method of testing offers numerous advantages over field tests with actual explosives, including cost, turn-around time, repeatability, and a clear view of the progression of damage in the specimen. The viability of this method is established by comparing results obtained in the blast simulator with results obtained with actual explosives. The process by which the impulse is imparted to the specimen is then described by a detailed model based on the equivalent single degree of freedom method. Impulse calculated by the model is found to be in good agreement with the experimentally recorded values. Calculated impulse is found to be relatively insensitive to assumptions made about the specimen's resistance function (often not well known before a test) implying that the model can be used with confidence in designing an experimental study.
Quantification of Dynamic Excitation Potential of Pedestrian Population Crossing Footbridges
Authors: Žcaronivanović Stana , Pavić Aleksandar
Published: January 2014

Due to their slenderness, many modern footbridges may vibrate significantly under pedestrian traffic. Consequently, the vibration serviceability of these structures under human-induced dynamic loading is becoming their governing design criterion. Many current vibration serviceability design guidelines, concerned with prediction of the vibration in the vertical direction, estimate a single response level that corresponds to an "average" person crossing the bridge with the step frequency that matches a footbridge natural frequency. However, different pedestrians have different dynamic excitation potential, and therefore could generate significantly different vibration response of the bridge structure. This paper aims to quantify this potential by estimating the range of structural vibrations (in the vertical direction) that could be induced by different individuals and the probability of occurrence of any particular vibration level. This is done by introducing the inter- and intra-subject variability in the walking force modelling. The former term refers to inability of a pedestrian to induce an exactly the same force with each step while the latter refers to different forces (in terms of their magnitude, frequency and crossing speed) induced by different people. Both types of variability are modelled using the appropriate probability density functions. The probability distributions were then implemented into a framework procedure for vibration response prediction under a single person excitation. Instead of a single response value obtained using currently available design guidelines, this new framework yields a range of possible acceleration responses induced by different people and a distribution function for these responses. The acceleration ranges estimated are then compared with experimental data from two real-life footbridges. The substantial differences in the dynamic response induced by different people are obtained in both the numerical and the experimental results presented. These results therefore confirm huge variability in different people's dynamic potential to excite the structure. The proposed approach for quantifying this variability could be used as a sound basis for development of new probability-based vibration serviceability assessment procedures for pedestrian bridges.
Nonlinear Vibration Characteristics of a Flexible Blade with Friction Damping due to Tip-Rub
Authors: Cao Dengqing , Gong Xiaochun , Wei Dong , Chu Shiming , Wang Ligang
Published: January 2014

An approximate approach is proposed in this paper for analyzing the two-dimensional friction contact problem so as to compute the dynamic response of a structure constrained by friction interfaces due to tip-rub. The dynamical equation of motion for a rotational cantilever blade in a centrifugal force field is established. Flow-induced distributed periodic forces and the internal material damping in the blade are accounted for in the governing equation of motion. The Galerkin method is employed to obtain a three-degree-of-freedom oscillator with friction damping due to tip-rub. The combined motion of impact and friction due to tip-rub produced a piecewise linear vibration which is actually nonlinear. Thus, a complete vibration cycle is divided into successive intervals. The system possesses linear vibration characteristic during each of these intervals, which can be determined using analytical solution forms. Numerical simulation shows that the parameters such as gap of the tip and the rotational speed of the blades have significant effects on the dynamical responses of the system. Finally, the nonlinear vibration characteristics of the blade are investigated in terms of the Poincare graph, and the frequency spectrum of the responses and the amplitude-frequency curves.
Shaft Crack Identification Based on Vibration and AE Signals
Authors: Lu Wenxiu , Chu Fulei
Published: January 2014

The shaft crack is one of the main serious malfunctions that often occur in rotating machinery. However, it is difficult to locate the crack and determine the depth of the crack. In this paper, the acoustic emission (AE) signal and vibration response are used to diagnose the crack. The wavelet transform is applied to AE signal to decompose into a series of time-domain signals, each of which covers a specific octave frequency band. Then an improved union method based on threshold and cross-correlation method is applied to detect the location of the shaft crack. The finite element method is used to build the model of the cracked rotor, and the crack depth is identified by comparing the vibration response of experiment and simulation. The experimental results show that the AE signal is effective and convenient to locate the shaft crack, and the vibration signal is feasible to determine the depth of shaft crack.
Dynamic Instability of MRE Embedded Soft Cored Sandwich Beam with Non-Conductive Skins
Authors: Dwivedy S.K. , Srinivas M.
Published: January 2014

In this work the governing temporal equations of motions with complex coefficients have been derived for a three-layered unsymmetric sandwich beam with nonconductive skins and magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) embedded soft-viscoelastic core subjected to periodic axial loads using higher order sandwich beam theory, extended Hamilton's principle, and generalized Galerkin's method. The parametric instability regions for principal parametric and combination parametric resonances for first three modes have been determined for various end conditions with different shear modulus, core loss factors, number of MRE patches and different skin thickness. This work will find application in the design and application of sandwich structures for active and passive vibration control using soft core and MRE patches.
A Functional Neuroimaging Analysis of the Trail Making Test-B: Implications for Clinical Application
Authors: Allen Mark D. , Owens Tyler E. , Fong Alina K. , Richards Douglas R.
Published: January 2014

Recent progress has been made using fMRI as a clinical assessment tool, often employing analogues of traditional “paper and pencil” tests. The Trail Making Test (TMT), popular for years as a neuropsychological exam, has been largely ignored in the realm of neuroimaging, most likely because its physical format and administration does not lend itself to straightforward adaptation as an fMRI paradigm. Likewise, there is relatively more ambiguity about the neural systems associated with this test than many other tests of comparable clinical use. In this study, we describe an fMRI version of Trail Making Test-B (TMTB) that maintains the core functionality of the TMT while optimizing its use for both research and clinical settings. Subjects (N= 32) were administered the Functional Trail Making Test-B (f-TMTB). Brain region activations elicited by the f-TMTB were consistent with expectations given by prior TMT neurophysiological studies, including significant activations in the ventral and dorsal visual pathways and the medial pre-supplementary motor area. The f-TMTB was further evaluated for concurrent validity with the traditional TMTB using an additional sample of control subjects (N= 100). Together, these results support the f-TMTB as a viable neuroimaging adaptation of the TMT that is optimized to evoke maximally robust fMRI activation with minimal time and equipment requirements.
Brain Mechanisms of Altered Consciousness in Generalised Seizures
Authors: Seri Stefano , Brazzo Daniela , Thai Ngoc J. , Cerquiglini Antonella
Published: January 2014

In spite of the inherent difficulties in achieving a biologically meaningful definition of consciousness, recent neurophysiological studies are starting to provide some insight in fundamental mechanisms associated with impaired consciousness in neurological disorders. Generalised seizures are associated with disruption of the default state network, a functional network of discrete brain areas, which include the fronto-parietal cortices. Subcortical contribution through activation of thalamocortical structures, as well as striate nuclei are also crucial to produce impaired consciousness in generalised seizures.
Side of Onset in Parkinson’s Disease and Alterations in Religiosity: Novel Behavioral Phenotypes
Authors: Butler Paul M. , McNamara Patrick , Durso Raymon
Published: January 2014

Behavioral neurologists have long been interested in changes in religiosity following circumscribed brain lesions. Advances in neuroimaging and cognitive experimental techniques have been added to these classical lesion-correlational approaches in attempt to understand changes in religiosity due to brain damage. In this paper we assess processing dynamics of religious cognition in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). We administered a four-condition story-based priming procedure, and then covertly probed for changes in religious belief. Story-based priming emphasized mortality salience, religious ritual, and beauty in nature (Aesthetic). In neurologically intact controls, religious belief-scores significantly increased following the Aesthetic prime condition. When comparing effects of right (RO) versus left onset (LO) in PD patients, a double-dissociation in religious belief-scores emerged based on prime condition. RO patients exhibited a significant increase in belief following the Aesthetic prime condition and LO patients significantly increased belief in the religious ritual prime condition. Results covaried with executive function measures. This suggests lateral cerebral specialization for ritual-based (left frontal) versus aesthetic-based (right frontal) religious cognition. Patient-centered individualized treatment plans should take religiosity into consideration as a complex disease-associated phenomenon connected to other clinical variables and health outcomes.
Simulation and Experimental Study on Vibration and Sound Radiation Control with Piezoelectric Actuators
Authors: Zhang Zhiyi , Chen Yong , Li Hongguang , Hua Hongxing
Published: January 2014

FEM/BEM is adopted to model the interaction between the fluid and structures. In the modeling, modal truncation and inertial coupling are applied to sufficiently reduce the coupled model order. This approach is adopted for the purpose of constructing a modal model in the time domain. Active vibration control is realized with piezoelectric actuators and an adaptive method. In the control, the summation of vibration responses is used as the control error since the integral of acceleration on the plate surface is approximately proportional to the far field sound pressure. A rigidly baffled plate connected with a mass through one piezoelectric actuator is simulated at first. In the experiment, the plate is excited by a rotating eccentric mass and controlled with four piezoelectric actuators. The results have shown that active vibration control with the piezoelectric actuators can lead to a noticeable attenuation in sound pressure.
The Effects of Crack on the Transmission Matrix of Rotor Systems
Authors: Peng Z.K. , Lang Z.Q. , Meng G. , Chu F.L.
Published: January 2014

The dynamic behavior of rotor containing crack is a subject of particular interest and has been extensively investigated by researchers. The effects of crack on the natural frequencies and modal shapes and motion orbits of rotor systems have already been well explored by researchers. In the present study, the infl uence of crack on the transmission matrices of the rotor systems is investigated by using the FEM (finite element method) analysis and the HBM (harmonic balance method) technique. It is for the first time revealed that there are differences between the transmission matrices for the fundamental frequency components and the transmission matrices for the super-harmonic components, and the differences are mainly determined by the crack location. The results are validated by numerical experiments where the system responses of a rotor system are obtained usingRunge-Kuttamethod. The results are of significance for the development of effective crack detection methods in practice.
Modeling Fragment Simulating Projectile Penetration into Steel Plates Using Finite Elements and Meshfree Particles
Authors: O’Daniel James , Danielson Kent , Boone Nicholas
Published: January 2014

Simulating fragment penetration into steel involves complicated modeling of severe behavior of the materials through multiple phases of response. Penetration of a fragment-like projectile was simulated using finite element (FE) and meshfree particle formulations. Extreme deformation and failure of the material during the penetration event were modeled with several approaches to evaluate each as to how well it represents the actual physics of the material and structural response. A steel Fragment Simulating Projectile (FSP) – designed to simulate a fragment of metal from a weapon casing – was simulated for normal impact into a flat square plate. A range of impact velocities was used to examine levels of exit velocity ranging from relatively small to one on the same level as the impact velocity. The numerical code EPIC, used for all the simulations presented herein, contains the element and particle formulations, as well as the explicit methodology and constitutive models needed to perform these simulations. These simulations were compared against experimental data, evaluating the damage caused to the projectile and the target plates, as well as comparing the residual velocity when the projectile perforated the target.
Brain Mechanisms of Altered Consciousness in Focal Seizures
Authors: Bagshaw Andrew P. , Cavanna Andrea E.
Published: January 2014

Consciousness is a central concept in epileptology, relevant to the understanding of both focal and generalized seizures. Within focal seizures, impairment of consciousness has long been considered as the main criterion differentiating complex partial seizures (CPS) from simple partial seizures With the development of improved tools for investigating human brain function, new insights into the brain mechanisms of altered consciousness in CPS have become available. This paper reviews the existing literature on how the currently available methods can be used to address the fundamental issue of how CPS alter consciousness.
Time Frequency Features of Rotor Systems with Slowly Varying Mass
Authors: Yu Tao , Han Qingkai
Published: January 2014

With the analytic method and numerical method respectively, the asymptotic solutions and finite element model of rotor system with single slowly varying mass is obtained to investigate the time frequency features of such rotor system; furthermore, with given model of slowly varying mass, the rotor system with dual slowly varying mass is studied. For the first order approximate solution is used, there exists difference between the results with analytic method and numerical method. On the base of common characteristics of rotor system with dual slowly varying mass, the general rules and formula describing the frequency distribution of rotor system with multiple slowly varying mass are proposed.
Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of the Large-Scale Rotary Machine with Multi-Supporting
Authors: Li Xuejun , Shen Yiping , Wang Songlai
Published: January 2014

The large-scale rotary machine with multi-supporting, such as rotary kiln and rope laying machine, is the key equipment in the architectural, chemistry, and agriculture industries. The body, rollers, wheels, and bearings constitute a chain multibody system. Axis line deflection is a vital parameter to determine mechanics state of rotary machine, thus body axial vibration needs to be studied for dynamic monitoring and adjusting of rotary machine. By using the Riccati transfer matrix method, the body system of rotary machine is divided into many subsystems composed of three elements, namely, rigid disk, elastic shaft, and linear spring. Multiple wheel-bearing structures are simplified as springs. The transfer matrices of the body system and overall transfer equation are developed, as well as the response overall motion equation. Taken a rotary kiln as an instance, natural frequencies, modal shape, and response vibration with certain exciting axis line deflection are obtained by numerical computing. The body vibration modal curves illustrate the cause of dynamical errors in the common axis line measurement methods. The displacement response can be used for further measurement dynamical error analysis and compensation. The response overall motion equation could be applied to predict the body motion under abnormal mechanics condition, and provide theory guidance for machine failure diagnosis.
Visuo-Spatial Imagery Impairment in Posterior Cortical Atrophy: A Cognitive and SPECT Study
Authors: Gardini Simona , Concari Letizia , Pagliara Salvatrice , Ghetti Caterina , Venneri Annalena , Caffarra Paolo
Published: January 2014

This study investigated the cognitive profile and the cerebral perfusion pattern in a highly educated 70 year old gentleman with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA). Visuo-perceptual abilities, spatial memory, spatial representation and navigation, visuo-spatial mental imagery, semantic and episodic-autobiographical memory were assessed. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was imaged with SPECT. Cognitive testing showed visual-perceptual impairment, apperceptive visual and landmark agnosia, topographical disorientation with way-finding deficits, impaired map learning and poor mental image generation. Semantic memory was normal, while episodic-autobiographical memory was impaired. Reduced rCBF was found mainly in the right hemisphere, in the precentral gyrus, posterior cingulate and middle temporal gyri, cuneus and precuneus, in the left superior temporal and lingual gyri and in the parahippocampus bilaterally. Hypoperfusion in occipito-parietal regions was associated with visuo-spatial deficits, whereas deficits in visuo-spatial mental imagery might reflect dysfunction related to hypoperfusion in the parahippocampus and precuneus, structures which are responsible for spatial and imagery processing. Dissociating performance between preserved semantic memory and poor episodic-autobiographical recall is consistent with a pattern of normal perfusion in frontal and anterior temporal regions but abnormal rCBF in the parahippocampi. The present findings indicate that PCA involves visuo-spatial imagery deficits and provide further validation to current neuro-cognitive models of spatial representation and topographical disorientation.
A Class of Wavelet-Based Rayleigh-Euler Beam Element for Analyzing Rotating Shafts
Authors: Xiang Jiawei , Jiang Zhansi , Chen Xuefeng
Published: January 2014

A class of wavelet-based Rayleigh-Euler rotating beam element using B-spline wavelets on the interval (BSWI) is developed to analyze rotor-bearing system. The effects of translational and rotary inertia, torsion moment, axial displacement, cross-coupled stiffness and damping coefficients of bearings, hysteric and viscous internal damping, gyroscopic moments and bending deformation of the system are included in the computational model. In order to get a generalized formulation of wavelet-based element, each boundary node is collocated six degrees of freedom (DOFs): three translations and three rotations; whereas, each inner node has only three translations. Typical numerical examples are presented to show the accuracy and efficiency of the presented method.
Taxonomic and Thematic Organisation of Proper Name Conceptual Knowledge
Authors: Crutch Sebastian J. , Warrington Elizabeth K.
Published: January 2014

We report the investigation of the organisation of proper names in two aphasic patients (NBC and FBI). The performance of both patients on spoken word to written word matching tasks was inconsistent, affected by presentation rate and semantic relatedness of the competing responses, all hallmarks of a refractory semantic access dysphasia. In a series of experiments we explored the semantic relatedness effects within their proper name vocabulary, including brand names and person names. First we demonstrated the interaction between very fine grain organisation and personal experience, with one patient with a special interest in the cinema demonstrating higher error rates when identifying the names of actors working in a similar film genre (e.g. action movies: Arnold Schwarzenegger, Bruce Willis, Sylvester Stallone, Mel Gibson) than those working in different genres (e.g. Arnold Schwarzenegger, Gregory Peck, Robin Williams, Gene Kelly). Second we compared directly two potential principles of semantic organisation – taxonomic and thematic. Furthermore we considered these principles of organisation in the context of the individuals' personal knowledge base. We selected topics matching the interests and experience of each patient, namely cinema and literature (NBC) and naval history (FBI). The stimulus items were arranged in taxonomic arrays (e.g. Jane Austen, Emily Bronte, Agatha Christie), thematic arrays (e.g. Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Mr Darcy), and unrelated arrays (e.g. Jane Austen, Wuthering Heights, Hercule Poirot). We documented that different patterns of taxonomic and thematic organisation were constrained by whether the individual has limited knowledge, moderate knowledge or detailed knowledge of a particular vocabulary. It is suggested that moderate proper name knowledge is primarily organised by taxonomy whereas extensive experience results in a more detailed knowledge base in which theme is a powerful organising principle.
Exact Longitudinal Vibration Characteristics of Rods with Variable Cross-Sections
Authors: Yardimoglu Bulent , Aydin Levent
Published: January 2014

Longitudinal natural vibration frequencies of rods (or bars) with variable cross-sections are obtained from the exact solutions of differential equation of motion based on transformation method. For the rods having cross-section variations as power of the sinusoidal functions ofax+b, the differential equation is reduced to associated Legendre equation by using the appropriate transformations. Frequency equations of rods with certain cross-section area variations are found from the general solution of this equation for different boundary conditions. The present solutions are benchmarked by the solutions available in the literature for the special case of present cross-sectional variations. Moreover, the effects of cross-sectional area variations of rods on natural characteristics are studied with numerical examples.
Dynamic Shock Cushioning Characteristics and Vibration Transmissibility of X-PLY Corrugated Paperboard
Authors: Guo Yanfeng , Xu Wencai , Fu Yungang , Wang Hongtao
Published: January 2014

X-PLY corrugated paperboard is a new-type corrugated paperboard with three layers of orthotropic corrugated sandwiches structure, and may be employed to protect products from shock or vibration damage during distribution. This article deals with the characterization of properties of X-PLY corrugated paperboard relevant to its application for protective packaging in distribution, such as dynamic cushioning curves, vibration transmissibility and frequency curves. The main feature of article is the evaluation on the dynamic shock cushioning characteristics and vibration transmissibility of X-PLY corrugated paperboards by a series of experimental studies on the drop shock tester and vibration tester, the establishment of experimental formulas of dynamic cushioning curves, and the analysis of peak frequencies, vibration transmissibility and damping ratios. By using the fitting polynomial of curve and method of the least mean square, the experimental formulas and characteristic coefficients of dynamic cushioning curves have been obtained. From the vibration tests with slow sine sweep, the peak frequencies and vibration transmissibility are measured and used to estimate the damping ratios. These works provide basic data and curves relevant to its application for protective packaging in distribution.
Synchronization of Two Asymmetric Exciters in a Vibrating System
Authors: Ren Zhaohui , Zhao Qinghua , Zhao Chunyu , Wen Bangchun
Published: January 2014

We investigate synchronization of two asymmetric exciters in a vibrating system. Using the modified average method of small parameters, we deduce the non-dimensional coupling differential equations of the two exciters (NDDETE). By using the condition of existence for the zero solutions of the NDDETE, the condition of implementing synchronization is deduced: the torque of frequency capture is equal to or greater than the difference in the output electromagnetic torque between the two motors. Using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, we deduce the condition of stability of synchronization that the inertia coupling matrix of the two exciters is positive definite. A numeric result shows that the structural parameters can meet the need of synchronization stability.
Improved Wavelet Reassigned Scalograms and Application for Modal Parameter Estimation
Authors: Peng Z.K. , Meng G. , Chu F. L.
Published: January 2014

The present work carries out a comprehensive investigation into the border distortion deficiency for the conventional scalogram and the reassigned scalogram. The reasons for this deficiency are analyzed, and a simple way is suggested to determine the border distortion ranges. New methods are proposed to reduce the border distortions in both the scalograms. The practical meanings of the border distortion improvement method are demonstrated by applying both the scalograms with and without border distortion improvements to estimate the modal parameters for a 2-DOF linear system. The estimation results indicate that, in the presence of noise, which is inevitable in practice, for the mode with weak amplitude, the reassigned scalogram can perform better than the conventional scalogram in estimating the modal parameters. In addition, for the mode with short effective duration, its frequency components at the border distortion ranges are of great importance for the modal parameter estimation purpose, and the border distortion improvement method can greatly increase the estimation accuracy.
Free Vibration and Stability of Axially Functionally Graded Tapered Euler-Bernoulli Beams
Authors: Shahba Ahmad , Attarnejad Reza , Hajilar Shahin
Published: January 2014

Structural analysis of axially functionally graded tapered Euler-Bernoulli beams is studied using finite element method. A beam element is proposed which takes advantage of the shape functions of homogeneous uniform beam elements. The effects of varying cross-sectional dimensions and mechanical properties of the functionally graded material are included in the evaluation of structural matrices. This method could be used for beam elements with any distributions of mass density and modulus of elasticity with arbitrarily varying cross-sectional area. Assuming polynomial distributions of modulus of elasticity and mass density, the competency of the element is examined in stability analysis, free longitudinal vibration and free transverse vibration of double tapered beams with different boundary conditions and the convergence rate of the element is then investigated.
Energy-Based Analysis of Ultrasonically Assisted Turning
Authors: Volkov G.A. , Bratov V.A. , Gruzdkov A.A. , Babitsky V.I. , Petrov Y.V. , Silberschmidt V.V.
Published: January 2014

The process of ultrasonically-assisted turning (UAT) is a superposition of vibration of a cutting tool on its standard movement in conventional turning (CT). The former technique has several advantages compared with the latter, one of the main being a significant decrease in the level of cutting forces. In this paper the effects observed in UAT are analysed employing ideas of dynamic fracture mechanics. The active stage of loading duration depends heavily on ultrasonic frequency and the cutting speed; he application of the fracture criterion based on the notion of incubation time makes it possible to calculate a dependence of this duration on its threshold amplitude. An estimation of energy, necessary to create a threshold pulse in the material, is made by solving the contact Hertz problem. The obtained time dependence of energy has a marked minimum. Thus, the existence of energy-efficient loading duration is demonstrated. This explains the decrease in the cutting force resulting from superimposed ultrasonic vibration. The obtained results are in agreement with experiments on ultrasonic assisted machining of aluminium and Inconel 718 alloy.
The Causes and Consequences of Transient Epileptic Amnesia
Authors: Butler Christopher R. , Zeman Adam
Published: January 2014

Transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) is a recently recognised syndrome of epilepsy in which the principle manifestation of seizures is recurrent episodes of isolated memory loss. In this article, we describe the clinical and cognitive profile of this emerging syndrome, and present new data that provide at most weak support for its proposed relationship to cerebrovascular disease. TEA is often associated with two unusual forms of interictal memory impairment: accelerated long-term forgetting and remote memory impairment. We discuss the clinical and theoretical implications of these relatively novel cognitive deficits.
Nonlinear Models for Transverse Forced Vibration of Axially Moving Viscoelastic Beams
Authors: Ding Hu , Chen Li-Qun
Published: January 2014

Nonlinear models of transverse vibration of axially moving viscoelastic beams subjected external transverse loads via steady-state periodical response are numerically investigated. An integro-partial-differential equation and a partial-differential equation of transverse motion can be derived respectively from a model of the coupled planar vibration for an axially moving beam. The finite difference scheme is developed to calculate steady-state response for the model of coupled planar and the two models of transverse motion under the simple support boundary. Numerical results indicate that the amplitude of the steady-state response for the model of coupled vibration and two models of transverse vibration predict qualitatively the same tendencies with the changing parameters and the integro-partial-differential equation gives results more closely to the coupled planar vibration.
Dynamic Response of an Optomechanical System to a Stationary Random Excitation in the Time Domain
Authors: Palmer Jeremy A. , Paez Thomas L.
Published: January 2014

Modern electro-optical instruments are typically designed with assemblies of optomechanical members that support optics such that alignment is maintained in service environments that include random vibration loads. This paper presents a nonlinear numerical analysis that calculates statistics for the peak lateral response of optics in an optomechanical sub-assembly subject to random excitation of the housing. The work is unique in that the prior art does not address peak response probability distribution for stationary random vibration in the time domain for a common lens-retainer-housing system with Coulomb damping. Analytical results are validated by using displacement response data from random vibration testing of representative prototype sub-assemblies. A comparison of predictions to experimental results yields reasonable agreement. The Type I Asymptotic form provides the cumulative distribution function for peak response probabilities. Probabilities are calculated for actual lens centration tolerances. The probability that peak response will not exceed the centration tolerance is greater than 80% for prototype configurations where the tolerance is high (on the order of 30 micrometers). Conversely, the probability is low for those where the tolerance is less than 20 micrometers. The analysis suggests a design paradigm based on the influence of lateral stiffness on the magnitude of the response.
Free In-Plane Vibration of Super-Elliptical Plates
Authors: Altekin Murat
Published: January 2014

Free in-plane vibration of super-elliptical plates of uniform thickness was investigated by the Ritz method. A large variety of plate shapes ranging from an ellipse to a rectangle were examined. Two cases were considered: (1) a completely free, and (2) a point-supported plate. The geometrical boundary conditions were satisfied by the Lagrange multipliers. The results were compared with those of rectangular plates. Basically good agreement was obtained. Matching results were reported, and the discrepancies were highlighted.