bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomic Variations of the Superficial Middle Cerebral Vein: Embryologic Aspects of the Regressed Embryonic Tentorial Sinus
Authors: Chung J. I. , Weon Y. C.
Published: January 2017

The embryonic tentorial sinus usually regressses during postnatal development, but its typical prenatal drainage patterns and intradural anastomoses can be depicted as various developmental phenotypic representations. Here, we tried to clarify the variant types of the superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV) associated with the embryonic tentorial sinus.

Total 41 patients and 82 hemispheres were included in this study. CT angiography was performed in all patients as screening for cerebrovascular disease or other intracranial disorders. A separate workstation and 3D software were used to evaluate the cranial venous systems with 3D volume rendering techniques, thin-slice MIP images, and MPR techniques for the analysis of its complicated angioarchitecture. Variations of the SMCV were classified according to the developmental alterations of the embryonic tentorial sinus, including sphenoparietal sinus (cranial remnant of tentorial sinus), basal sinus (floor of middle cranial fossa), petrosal and caudal remnant of the tentorial sinus. Secondary intradural anastomoses of cavernous and superior petrosal sinuses were also evaluated for the efferent pathways.

The most frequent type of remnant tentorial sinus, sphenoparietal sinus was present in 49% (40/82) of hemispheres examined. Other regressed patterns of embryonic tentorial sinus were also identified in 38% (31/82): nine caudal remnant type around the transverse sinus, 12 petrosal type, one basal type, five unclassified cases, and mixed type were found in four cases. Secondary intradural cavernous sinus anastomosis was seen in 44% (36/82), however the most prevalent pattern was no anastomosis (46/82) with cavernous sinus. Only one case of superior petrosal sinus anastomosis was found in this series associated with basal sinus type.

Anatomic variations of SMCV can be clearly demonstrated with embryologic aspects of the tentorial sinus according to its developmental regression and postnatal secondary adaptations of cerebral venous drainage.
Anatomic Variations of the Deep Cerebral Veins, Tributaries of Basal Vein of Rosenthal: Embryologic Aspects of the Regressed Embryonic Tentorial Sinus
Authors: Chung J. I. , Weon Y. C.
Published: January 2017

The embryonic tentorial sinus regresses at the 60–80 mm embryologic stage and most of the deep venous channels constitute the basal vein of Rosenthal (BVR). Persisting remnants of the embryonic tentorial sinus can be seen in the adult configuration of the BVR. We tried to explain the anatomic representations of the BVR associated with the remnant embryonic tentorial sinus.

A total 41 patients and 82 hemispheres were included in this study. CT angiography was performed in all patients as screening for cerebrovascular disease or other intracranial disorders. A separate workstation and 3D software were used to evaluate the cranial deep venous systems with 3D volume rendering techniques, thin-slice MIP images, and MPR techniques for the analysis of complicated angioarchitecture. Variations of the BVR were classified according to the developmental alterations of efferent pathways into four groups: telencephalic group (A) including tributaries of the uncal vein, inferior frontal vein, anterior communicating vein, and inferior striatal vein; diencephalic group (B) of the interior ventricular vein and peduncular vein; tegmental bridging group (C) of the longitudinal LMV anastomosis; tectal group (D) of the superior vermian vein and internal occipital vein in relation to the Galenic connection. The BVR constituted from the embryonic tentorial sinus was also assessed and the developmental aspects reviewed.

Remnant embryonic tentorial sinus was visualized in 12% (10/82) of hemispheres, all of them invariably connected with the telencephalic (A) and diencephalic (B) groups. Most of those connections (9/10) to basal venous tributaries originated from the medial tentorial sinus except one case from the lateral tentorial sinus. No Galenic connections of the BVR were identified in 10% (8/82). Various tributaries of the BVR were classified as: Telencephalic group (A) 43% (35/82), Diencephalic group (B) 35% (29/82), Bridging group (C) 11% (9/82), and Tectal group (D) 6% (5/82). Four cases (5%) were unclassified and revealed only small basal tributaries of the BVR without connection to the great vein of Galen.

Anatomic variations of the BVR connected with persistent embryonic tentorial sinus could often be demonstrated in adult configurations considering the embryologic aspects of developmental regression and secondary cerebral venous adaptations.
Cerebral Vasospasm and Intracerebral Haemorrhage in a Case of Pregnancy-Related Thrombotic Thrombocytopoenic Purpura/Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome
Authors: Duncan I. C.
Published: January 2017

We report a case of a woman with pregnancy-related thrombotic thrombocytopoenic purpura/haemolytic uraemic syndrome (TTP/HUS) who developed cerebral vasospasm similar to that seen in the other pregnancy-related thrombotic microangiopathic syndromes of eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. A further complication in this case was the development of a focal intracerebral haemorrhage necessitating surgical removal. Despite a successful evacuation of the haematoma and several plasma exchange treatments she developed recurrent haemolysis and thrombocytopoenia with an eventual fatal outcome due to severe pulmonary and gastrointestinal haemorrhage.
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: Unusual Access Routes in the Elderly
Authors: Andrade G. , Marques R. , Pires N. Brito , Abath C.
Published: January 2017

Transvenous embolization is effective in the treatment of an intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF). Retrograde venous access to the fistula may be limited by associated sinus thrombosis, as in the two cases here reported. Unusual curative access routes were performed: direct superior ophthalmic vein puncture and through a small craniectomy, packing the sinus with detachable coils. When traditional routes proved impossible, unusual access routes must be devised.
Coil Migration under Stent-Assisted Embolization
Authors: Cho C.S.
Published: January 2017

Detachable coils are established as a safe and effective treatment option for some patients with intracranial aneurysms. However this treatment is not useful for the treatment of certain types of complicated aneurysms. Wide-necked or broad-based aneurysms are still complicated to embolize because of the risk of coil migration or coil protrusion into the parent vessel.

The Neuroform stent has recently been introduced for the treatment of complex aneurysms. The stent functions primarily to provide durable parent vessel protection during embolization.

This report demonstrates coil migration occurring as a delayed complication of Neuroform stent-assisedt coil embolization of a small intracranial aneurysm.
Endovascular Occlusion of the Posterior Cerebral Artery in the Treatment of P2 Ruptured Aneurysms
Authors: Cotroneo E. , Gigli R. , Guglielmi G.
Published: January 2017

Four cases of posterior cerebral artery (PCA) aneurysms are described. The aneurysms were located at the P2 segment of PCA. All cases presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Endovascular treatment was performed, with occlusion of the aneurysm and parent vessel, using platinum coils. Two patients developed a homonymus lateral hemianopia after treatment.
Transarterial and Transvenous Embolization for Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistulae
Authors: Zhang J. , Lv X. , Jiang C. , Li Y. , Yang X. , Wu Z.
Published: January 2017

We report on the safety and efficacy of transarterial and transvenous Onyx embolization in the treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVFs) of the cavernous sinus.

We reviewed the findings from a retrospectively database for 22 patients with cavernous sinus DAVFs who were treated with either transarterial Onyx embolization alone (n = 8) or transarterial and transvenous Onyx embolization (n = 14) over a four year period. The mean follow-up period after endovascular treatment was 21.6 months (range 3–42 mths).

Total number of embolizations was 27 for 22 patients. Two patients were treated transvenously after transarterial embolization. All 22 patients (100%) experienced improvement of their clinical symptoms. All 22 patients (100%) experienced total obliteration of their DAVFs, as documented by angiography performed at a mean follow-up of 5.8 months after the last treatment. No patient experienced a recurrence of symptoms after angiography showed DAVF obliteration. One patient exhibited temporary deterioration of ocular symptoms secondary to venous hypertension after near total obliteration; one had transient V cranial nerve deficit related to transarterial embolization, and two patients exhibited transient III and VI cranial nerve weakness related to transvenous embolization. Two patients experienced recurrent symptoms after incomplete transarterial embolization and underwent transvenous embolization at three and four months. Both patients achieved clinical and angiographic cures.

Transarterial and transvenous embolization with Onyx, whenever possible, proved to be a safe and effective management for patients with cavernous sinus DAVFs.
Brachiocephalic Vein Stenosis in Association with Ipsilateral Hyperdynamic Brachio-Basilic Fistula Causing Ipsilateral Facial Swelling and Contralateral Papillodema and Visual Loss
Authors: Eames P. , Senthil L. , Thomas A. , Riley P. , Burdon M.A.
Published: January 2017

A 69-year-old hypertensive woman with a hyperdynamic, left brachio-basilic dialysis fistula presented with a long history of throbbing in her head, swelling of the left side of the face and two months of right visual loss with gross swelling of the right optic disc.

Tight stenosis of left brachiocephalic vein was found to be causing retrograde flow into the left jugular vein which normalised after dilatation and stenting with resolution of the papillodema.
Paraplegia Due to Rupture of an Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Kombos T. , Meisel H.-J. , Janz C. , Brock M.
Published: January 2017

A 44-year-old patient developed paraplegia following rupture of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. There was no evidence of any spinal lesion. Cerebral angiography showed a paired bihemispheric disposition of the A2 segment.

We report this case and consider the anatomical variants of the A2 segment described in literature.

The paired bihemispheric variant was reported in 21% of the cases. An azygos (unpaired) artery was observed in 5% and a triplicated A2 segment in 20% of the cases.
Stenting for Stenoses of the Proximal Vertebral Artery
Authors: Hatano T. , Tsukahara T. , Araki K. , Kawakami O. , Murakami N.
Published: January 2017

We report our initial experience of stenting for symptomatic stenoses of the proximal vertebral artery. A total of 25 lesions affecting the proximal vertebral artery were treated by PTA with stent in 23 patients. The lesions involved the vertebral artery ostium in 20 lesions and the nonostial V1 portion in five lesions. The mean stenosis rate of those lesions was 81% pre-stenting and was reduced to 4% post-stenting.

There were two transient neurological complications: hemiparesis in one patient and visual acuity disturbance in another. Angiographic follow-up studies more than three months after treatment demonstrated restenosis in three patients. One of these patients was symptomatic. These restenoses were successfully treated by PTA.

Our initial results demonstrated that stenting is a feasible and safe method of treating stenosis of the proximal vertebral artery.
Carotid-Cavernous Fistula Associated with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type IV
Authors: Bashir Q. , Thornton J. , Alp S. , Debrun G.M. , Aletich V.A. , Charbel F. , Ausman J.I. , Polet H.
Published: January 2017

A case of traumatic, direct, carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) associated with Ehlers — Danlos syndrome (EDS) Type IV is reported along with a review of the literature. Excluding the present case, three similar cases associated with EDS-TypeIV have already been reported by Gerard M. Debrun et Al1. Despite the risks associated with endovascular manipulation, the fistula was successfully closed by intravascular embolisation but the patient expired a few days later because of underlying disease-associated vascular and visceral complications.
Novel Diagnostic Approaches to Adamantiades-Behcet's Disease
Authors: Hatzistilianou M. , Hitoglou S. , Gougoustamou D. , Antoniades M. , Pappa S. , Doudou A.
Published: January 2017

A 10 year old boy had visual deterioration in both eyes. Visual acuity was 0.2 in the right and 0.3 in the left eye. Further ophthalmologic findings were typical of posterior uveitis. The pediatric physical examination also disclosed aphthous stomatitis and recurrent aphthous genital ulcers. At diagnosis serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, sIL-2R, MCP-1, VEGF, tADA activity in the patient with active and ABD relapse were significantly higher than those in the inactive period of the disease, suggesting that these parameters may be related to disease activity. In addition to the proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, plasma levels of VEGF and serum tADA activity may be used for the diagnosis of ABD and for monitoring the effect of treatment, as well as the follow-up period. Also, further studies of VEGF may lead to novel therapies with antibodies or other VEGF inhibitors.
Effect of Oxymatrine Combined with Low Dose 5-FU on Lymphatic Vessel and Microvascular Endothelial Cell Growth of Gastric Cancer in a Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mouse Orthotopic Implantation Model
Authors: Zhu J-S. , Xu Z-P. , Song M-Q. , Zhang Q.
Published: January 2017

In this study, we explored the effect of Oxymatrine combined with low dose 5-Fu on lymphatic vessel and vascular endothelial growth factor of orthotopic implantated gastric cancer in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) nude mice. Human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 was orthotopically implanted into the gastric tract of nude mice. Nude mice were treated with normal saline (control group), low dose 5-Fu, oxymatrine, oxymatrine combined with low dose 5-Fu using intraperitoneal injection. The expression of LVD, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-R-3 and their Ct were analyzed in a severe combined immunodeficient mouse orthotopic implantatation gastric cancer model. We found that oxymatrine combined with low dose 5-Fu could decrease LVD and inhibit VEGF expression by a synergistic effect in SCID nude mouse orthotopic implantatation gastric cancer model.
Contact Allergy to Disperse Blue Dye in Goggles for Swimming-Bath
Authors: Tammaro A. , Narcisi A. , Persechino S. , De Marco G. , Camplone G.
Published: January 2017

We report two unusual cases of contact allergy to blue disperse dyes in two patients who made daily use of blue-dyed goggles for swimming-bath, documented with patch tests. We obtained good results by avoiding the use of these dyed goggles.
The C-Terminal Domain of Thrombomodulin Regulates Monocyte Migration with Interleukin-6 Stimulation
Authors: Lin Y.W. , Huang C.Y. , Shih C.M. , Chang W.L. , Shyue S.K. , Tsai Y.T. , Lin C.Y. , Lee C.Y. , Chang Y.J. , Chang N.C. , Lin F.Y. , Tsai C.S.
Published: January 2017

Thrombomodulin (TM) is expressed on the surface of monocyte, which is important in the regulation of cell migration, proliferation, and inflammatory responses. In a previous study, we demonstrated that TM on monocyte is negatively associated with cell migration. However, the mechanisms involved in this process are unclear, therefore, we explored the mechanisms in this study. Chemotactic assays and immunofluorescence showed that TM siRNA increased the Chemotaxis of the IL-6-activated THP-1, and aggravated actin assembly relative to the IL-6-treated control. In contrast, cells overexpressing plasmids containing full-length or domain 5 of TM followed by IL-6 treatment displayed lower Chemotaxis and less actin assembly. Western blot analysis showed that TM knockdown markedly increased cytoskeleton components cofilin and LIMK1 phosphorylation in IL-6-treated THP-1, whereas, transfected cells with HA-TM FL or HA-TM D5, but not HA-TM Dl-3 plasmids, reversed the effects. Activation of ERK1/2 and JNK/SAPK, upstream regulators of cytoskeleton components, were also inhibited in overexpressed group. Immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that actin interacts with TM and intersectin1 in THP-1. Decreased interaction between intersectin1 and actin in TM knockdowns suggested that the interaction is mediated by TM. Our findings indicate that TM domain 5 is a negative regulator and seems to have the ability to inhibit paxillin, cofilin, LIMK1, and actin activation. The mechanisms for the repression effect of domain 5 may be mediated by inhibition of the ERK1/2 and JNK/SAPK activation. Expression of domain 5 of TM may represent a promising approach for controlling monocyte migration, and TM may have potential applications in treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Red Blood Cell Distribution Width Level: A Predictive Marker for Early Detection and Monitoring of Diabetic Nephropathy Progression
Authors: Kiykim A. , Turgutalp K. , Bardak S. , Özcan T. , Derici D.
Published: January 2017

Chronic inflammation may be one of the factors that contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, erythropoiesis, erythrocyte circulatory half-life and erythrocyte deformability may be influenced by inflammation. Thus, red blood cell distribution width (RDW) levels increase in inflammatory conditions. We investigated the RDW values and related factors in patients with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic patients with DN. We carried out a retrospective study on patients with type 2 DM admitted to our hospital. Subjects were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of healthy subjects. Group 2 consisted of patients with uncomplicated type 2 DM. Patients with various stages of DN were included in Group 3. The RDW values in group 1 subjects were significantly lower than those in group 2 and 3 patients (p<0.05). The RDW values of group 3 patients were higher than those in the other two groups (p<0.05). While the RDW values had positive correlation with blood pressure, serum creatinine, HbA1c, body mass index, proteinuria, platelet (PLT), triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and fasting blood glucose (r values: 0.95, 0.72, 0.56, 0.86, 0.82, 0.76, 0.88, 0.84, 0.88, 0.86, respectively) (p<0.05 for all), there was negative correlation between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albumin, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and RDW levels (r values: −0.92, −0. 88, −0.78, respectively) (p value < 0.05 for all).
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Matrix Metalloproteinases-1,-9 and Tenascin in Odontogenic Lesions
Authors: Bariş E. , Sengüven B. , Bozkaya S. , Oygür T.
Published: January 2017

Ameloblastoma (ABL) and keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KOT) are benign odontogenic tumors with local aggressive behaviors. The purpose of our study was to compare MMP-1, MMP-9 and tenascin staining patterns between “aggressive” ameloblastoma / keratocystic odontogenic tumors and “non-aggressive” radicular cysts (RC)/ dentigerous cysts (DC). Ameloblastoma, keratocystic odontogenic tumor, radicular cyst (RC) and dentigerous cyst (DC) specimens were chosen from the archives of Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, and immunohistochemically stained with MMP-1, -9 and tenascin antibodies. The immunohistochemical expressions were noted and statistically analyzed. The ABLs and KOTs showed significantly higher MMP-1 and -9 positivity than the RCs and DCs (p<0.05). The ABL and KOT basement membranes showed more continuous tenascin expression. Tenascin intensity was significantly higher in the ABLs and KOTs compared to the RCs and DCs (p<0.05). The results suggest that higher expression of MMP-1 and -9 may play an essential role in the growth and progression of these tumors. Continuous tenascin positivity may reflect strong connective tissue reaction against the invasive epithelial parts of ABLs and KOTs.
Division Tenorrhaphy: A Novel Technique for Chronic or Failed Nonoperatively Treated Achilles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Doty Jesse , Katsuura Yoshihiro , Richardson Nicholas
Published: January 2017

Here we describe a modified open technique for the repair of a ruptured Achilles tendon using multiple looped sutures with the creation of interdigitating tendon stumps maximizing surface area for suture application as well as allowing for significant tissue overlay. This technique produces a high strength repair that is useful in cases of extensive degeneration or poor-quality tissue. Degenerative tissue may be encountered with chronic ruptures or failed nonoperative treatment, as well as those ruptures that occur at the proximal myotendinous junction. We present 2 cases in which the technique was utilized: one of a failed nonoperatively treated rupture and another of a chronic rupture. The technique was found to be successful for both patients with improvement in visual analogue scale, Achilles tendon total rupture score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score, and Foot and Ankle Disability Index.

Levels of Evidence: Level IV
Percutaneous Hallux Valgus Surgery Without Distal Metatarsal Articular Angle Correction
Authors: Crespo Romero Eusebio , Arcas Ordoño Alvaro , Peñuela Candel Raquel , Gómez Gómez Silvia , Arias Arias Angel , Gálvez González Jaime , Crespo Romero Ricardo
Published: January 2017

Background. Many factors are considered predictors of recurrence after hallux valgus (HV) surgery, including preoperative distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA). The restoration of the bone and joint alignment would be more important than realigning the cartilaginous surface of the metatarsal head. Therefore, is DMAA correction essential for a good clinical and radiological results after HV surgery? This study aims to illustrate the results of percutaneous forefoot surgery (PFS) for correction of HV deformity without DMAA correction. Material and Methods. A prospective single-center study of 74 patients (89 feet), with mild-to-moderate hallux valgus deformity, who underwent PFS. The mean latest follow-up was 57.3 months. Results. Preoperative median visual analog scale was 7 points and AOFAS scores were 52 points. At the mean latest follow up both scores improved to 0 points and 90 points, respectively. Median HV angle and intermetatarsal angle changed from 30° and 12° preoperatively, to 21° and 11° at mean latest follow-up. Overall, 80% of the patients were satisfied or very satisfied. Recurrence of medial first metatarsal head pain occurred in 12 cases (13.5%). Conclusions. PFS, without DMAA correction, is a valid procedure for surgical correction in patients with HV, despite the slightly worse radiographic results in our study.

Levels of Evidence: Level II: Prospective study
Usefulness of Urinoculture to Patients With Dementia and Femoral Neck Fracture at Admission to Hospital
Authors: Garcia-Nuño Laura , Villamil Carlos , González-Cuevas Araceli , Martí David , Capilla Silvia , Vives Maria José , Oncins Xavier , Torner Pere , Castellanos Juan , Font-Vizcarra Lluís
Published: January 2017

Introduction:

While preoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) has the potential to cause bacteremia and postsurgical acute prosthetic joint infections (APJIs), the influence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) in these infections remains unclear. So the majority of guidelines not recommend the treatment of AB prior to the surgery. However, as patients with dementia usually cannot explain the symptoms of dysuria, the differential diagnosis between AB and UTI may be very difficult in this group of patients. The principal aim of the study was to compare the rate of positive urine culture at admission in patients with femoral neck fracture with and without dementia and secondarily try to assess the connection of positive urinoculture and postoperative acute gram-negative PJI.

Methods:

All patients with a femoral neck fracture underwent a urine culture on hospital admission and were prospectively recorded. Variables such as sex, age, institutionalization, dementia and other comorbidities, PJI rate, and in-hospital death were collected. The results of cultures were retrospectively revised. Patients who received postoperative antibiotics or had been diagnosed with UTI during hospital stay were excluded. Statistical comparisons between patients with and without dementia were performed using SPSS software version 17.

Results:

A total of 148 patients were included (52 with dementia). The rate of positive urine culture was 32% (n = 16) in patients with dementia and 11.5% in patients without dementia ( P = .003). Of these 16 patients with dementia and positive urine culture, 2 (12.5%) developed an acute gram-negative PJI, whereas there were no cases in the group without dementia ( P = .011).

Discussion:

The only difference between UTI and AB is the expression of symptoms by the patient. However, as patients with dementia have difficulties to explain UTI symptoms, some UTI may be underdiagnosed.

Conclusion:

Patients with dementia have a statistically higher rate of presurgical positive urine culture compared with patients without dementia.
Predator Politics
Authors: Cappelli Mary Louisa
Published: January 2017

Edward Abbey’s Desert Solitaire and Barbara Kingsolver’s Prodigal Summer urges readers to see coyotes as crucial members of the natural community whose predation is essential for the maintenance of biodiversity and ecological stability. Their cultural production provides a human story of ecocritical engagement for understanding the cascading effects of removing top predators from their ecosystems. By envisioning biocentric possibilities within place-based and scientific contexts, Edward Abbey and Barbara Kingsolver share a common theme of political ecology: political processes shape ecological conditions. A close reading of Edward Abbey’s Desert Solitaire and Barbara Kingsolver’s Prodigal Summer provides a literary entryway to connect research, arguments, and discourse across disciplines tasking readers to engage in political discussions of environmental sustainability and to consider viable solutions to preserve the ecological diversity of our predator populations and ecosystems.
Actual Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Related Factors
Authors: Won Jong Uk , Hong Oi Saeng , Hwang Won Ju
Published: January 2017

Actual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and related factors among blue collar workers employed by small businesses were investigated. This cross-sectional study of 238 Korean blue collar workers used surveys, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, and blood sampling for lipid and glucose levels to answer the research questions. Multiple regression techniques were used to analyze study data. The prevalence of actual CVD risk among blue collar workers was 32 cases per 100 workers. A multiple regression model showed that a combination of individual, psychosocial, and work-related factors explained 34% of the variance in actual CVD risk. The significant predictors of actual CVD risk included knowledge of CVD risk, risk perception, job stress, and waist-to-hip ratio. It is important for clinicians to consider all of these significant predictors of actual CVD risk when designing an intervention program to reduce CVD among Korean blue collar workers.
Updated Recommendations for the Management of Health Care Personnel Occupationally Exposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Chalupka Stephanie
Published: January 2017

The U.S. Public Health Service has released new recommendations for the management of health care personnel who experience occupational exposures to blood or other body fluids that might contain human immunodeficiency virus.
From Existential to Social Understandings of Risk: Examining Gender Differences in Nonreligion
Authors: Edgell Penny , Frost Jacqui , Stewart Evan
Published: January 2017

Across many social contexts, women are found to be more religious than men. Risk preference theory proposes that women are less likely than men to accept the existential risks associated with nonbelief. Building on previous critiques of this theory, we argue that the idea of risk is relevant to understanding the relationship between gender and religiosity if risk is understood not as existential, but as social. The research on existential risk focuses on religious identification as solely a matter of belief; as part of the movement away from this cognitivist bias, we develop the concept of social risk to theorize the ways that social location and differential levels of power and privilege influence women’s nonreligious choices. We show that women’s nonreligious preferences in many ways mirror those of other marginalized groups, including nonwhites and the less educated. We argue that nonreligion is socially risky, that atheism is more socially risky than other forms of nonreligion, and that women and members of other marginalized groups avoid the most socially risky forms of nonreligion.
Conundrums of Integration
Authors: Lewis Amanda E. , Diamond John B. , Forman Tyrone A.
Published: January 2017

Recent scholarly and public conversations have given renewed attention to integration as a goal, an aspiration, and/or an “imperative.” These calls for integration are infused with the conviction that segregation is a linchpin, if not the linchpin, of persistent racialized hierarchies. While the costs of persistent segregation remain clear, the call for integration as the unequivocal answer is more contested. In this article we grapple with some of these conundrums of integration, asking whether, in fact, integration furthers equity and if not, why not? To explore this issue we focus on an “integrated” space—Riverview, a successful high school known for its diversity—and drawing on theory from social psychology, we show how the promise of integration in such contexts is undermined. We conclude that while integration may well be a necessary condition to advance equity, it is not by itself a sufficient condition to ensure it.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Postoperative Sensitivity with Warm and Room Temperature Composite
Authors: Campbell I. , Kang J. , Hyde T.P.
Published: January 2017

Physical properties of composite improve when it is preheated prior to polymerization. However, postoperative sensitivity may be considered a potential complication. A review of the literature revealed no reported randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of postoperative sensitivity when using preheated composite resin. The objective of the study was to determine if preheating composite leads to changes in postoperative sensitivity in a parallel RCT. In total, 120 eligible, consenting adults were recruited in private dental practice and randomized into 2 groups of 60 patients. One group had room temperature composite restorations placed and the second had composite preheated to 39°C. The primary outcome was sensitivity after 24 h by the visual analog scale (VAS), recorded blind by patients. Secondary outcomes were VAS scores recorded over a month. Blind statistical analysis used the Mann-Whitney U test to compare the 24-h VAS score between groups and repeated-measures analysis of variance to assess the change over time. Potential confounders were tested using regression models. A total of 115 patients completed the trial: 57 in the heated composite group and 58 in the room temperature group. Analysis of 24-h VAS scores found no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups ( P = 0.162). Examining the potential confounders confirmed the nonsignificant difference between heated and room temperature groups on the 24-h VAS score, after controlling teeth type and preoperative pulp test (effect size = 0.173, P = 0.317). Analysis of the secondary outcomes found significant changes (within-subject effect) in VAS scores over the review period ( F statistic = 4.7, P = 0.002) but not a significant (between-subject effect) difference between heated and room temperature groups over time (effect size = 0.102, P = 0.197). There was a significant correlation between preoperative VAS score and postoperative VAS score ( P < 0.001). For the restorations in this study, there was no detectable difference in postoperative VAS score between preheated and room temperature composite. Postoperative sensitivity decreased throughout the first month. Postoperative sensitivity was correlated to preoperative sensitivity (ISRCTN 76727312).

Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by clinicians when considering the advantages and disadvantages of preheated composite. The study found no evidence of any change in postoperative sensitivity when using preheated composite. Since preheated composite has superior physical properties, its use for routine care can be considered good practice.
Caries Incidence in a Healthy Young Adult Population in Relation to Diet
Authors: Rosier B.T. , van Loveren C. , Zaura E. , Loos B.G. , Keijser B.J.F. , Crielaard W. , Lagerweij M.D.
Published: January 2017

In the past, epidemiological studies focused on cavitated stages of caries. The arrival of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) in 2004 allowed for clinical measurements of the initial stages of enamel caries. However, since the introduction, most studies applying the ICDAS still have studied the diseased population. The objective of this cross-sectional observational study was to describe early enamel caries in a large healthy young adult population and determine the relationship with diet and oral hygiene measures. The study population consisted of 268 healthy participants without frank cavitation. The examinations were done visually and radiographically using ICDAS on all tooth surfaces. In total, 8.6% of the surfaces (occlusal > approximal > smooth) had caries, of which 92.0% were confined to enamel (28.5% ICDAS score 1, 54.0% score 2, 8.6% score 3). Thirteen percent of the occlusal and 63% of the approximal caries were found with radiography. Thus, radiography is quintessential for the diagnosis of approximal enamel lesions. We found a positive correlation between enamel caries (ICDAS 1 to 3) and the consumption of mono- and disaccharides and carbohydrates ( r = 0.226 and r = 0.188, respectively, both P < 0.01), as well as a negative correlation with alcohol consumption ( r = −0.202, P < 0.01). There was also a positive correlation between enamel caries and the energy intake from mono- and disaccharides (sugar kJ, r = 0.206, P < 0.01), which was independent of body mass index. Only 11 participants consumed less than 10% of total energy as sugar kJ, which is the recommended percentage of kJ from free sugar by the World Health Organization. No clear correlation was found with oral hygiene. In conclusion, in this healthy young adult population, caries was found in 97.8% of the subjects, mostly initial enamel caries (ICDAS 1 to 2) in the occlusal surface of molars, and was related with dietary factors.
Toothpaste with Nanosized Trimetaphosphate Reduces Enamel Demineralization
Authors: Souza M.D.B. , Pessan J.P. , Lodi C.S. , Souza J.A.S. , Camargo E.R. , Souza Neto F.N. , Delbem A.C.B.
Published: January 2017

This double-blind crossover study assessed the effects of a low-fluoride (low-F) dentifrice containing nanosized sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on enamel demineralization in situ. Nineteen subjects wore palatal appliances containing 4 blocks of bovine enamel and were randomly assigned to brush their teeth with placebo (without F/TMP), 250-ppm F (250F), 250F plus 0.05% nanosized TMP (250F-TMPnano), and 1,100-ppm F (1,100F) dentifrices during 7 d, under cariogenic challenge. Enamel surface hardness and cross-sectional hardness (ΔKHN [Knoop hardness number]), as well as F, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) concentrations, were determined. Also, biofilm that formed on the blocks was analyzed for F, Ca, P, and insoluble extracellular polysaccharide concentrations. Data were submitted to analysis-of-variance models and Student-Newman-Keuls test ( P < 0.05). The 250F-TMPnano dentifrice promoted the lowest ΔKHN among all groups ( P < 0.001), while the percentage of surface hardness loss was similar to 1,100F. Also, similar F, Ca, and P concentrations in enamel were observed for 1,100F and 250F-TMPnano. In the biofilm, the highest F content was observed for 1,100F; Ca content was similar between 1,100F and 250F-TMPnano; and P content was similar among all groups. Similar extracellular polysaccharide values were observed for 250F-TMPnano and 1,100F ( P < 0.001), ionic activity of CaHPO40, CaF+, and HF0 ( P < 0.05) and degree of saturation of hydroxyapatite and CaF2 ( P < 0.05). It was concluded that the protective effect of 250F-TMPnano dentifrice was similar to a conventional dentifrice for most of the variables studied, having a more pronounced effect on the subsurface lesion when compared with the conventional toothpaste (1,100F).

Knowledge Transfer Statement: Although toothpastes containing ≥1,000-ppm fluoride are more effective than low-fluoride formulations against dental caries, their early use can lead to side effects. This has prompted intensive research on alternatives to increase the anticaries effect of low-fluoride toothpastes. The present in situ study demonstrated that the addition of sodium trimetaphosphate nanoparticles to toothpastes containing 250-ppm fluoride significantly enhances the protective effect of this formulation against enamel demineralization to levels comparable to a 1,100-ppm fluoride toothpaste in terms of most of the variables studied. Most important, this formulation promoted the lowest loss of subsurface hardness among all groups, suggesting that caries lesions would take longer to develop under clinical conditions when compared with a conventional (1,100-fluoride) toothpaste.
Identification of SSR markers closely linked to the yellow seed coat color gene in heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis)
Authors: Ren Yanjing , Wu Junqing , Zhao Jing , Hao Lingyu , Zhang Lugang
Published: January 2017

Research on the yellow-seeded variety of heading Chinese cabbage will aid in broadening its germplasm resources and lay a foundation for AA genome research in Brassica crops. Here, an F2 segregating population of 1,575 individuals was constructed from two inbred lines (brown-seeded ‘92S105’ and yellow-seeded ‘91-125’). This population was used to identify the linkage molecular markers of the yellow seed coat trait using simple sequence repeat (SSR) techniques combined with a bulk segregant analysis (BSA). Of the 144 SSR primer pairs on the A01- A10 chromosomes from the Brassica database (http://brassicadb.org/brad/), two pairs located on the A06 chromosome showed polymorphic bands between the bulk DNA pools of eight brown-seeded and eight yellow-seeded F2 progeny. Based on the genome sequence, 454 SSR markers were designed to A06 to detect these polymorphic bands and were synthesized . Six SSR markers linked to the seed coat color gene were successfully selected for fine linkage genetic map construction, in which the two closest flanking markers, SSR449a and SSR317, mapped the Brsc-ye gene to a 40.2 kb region with distances of 0.07 and 0.06 cM, respectively. The molecular markers obtained in this report will assist in the marker-assisted selection and breeding of yellow-seeded lines in Brassica rapa L. and other close species.
MiR-142 modulates human pancreatic cancer proliferation and invasion by targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α) in the tumor microenvironments
Authors: Lu Yebin , Ji Niandong , Wei Wei , Sun Weijia , Gong Xuejun , Wang Xitao
Published: January 2017

MicroRNAs regulate most protein-coding genes, including genes important in cancer and other diseases. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of miR-142 could be significantly suppressed in pancreatic cancer specimens and cell lines compared to their adjacent tissues and normal pancreatic cells. Growth and invasion of PANC-1 and SW1990 cells were attenuated by overexpression of miR-142 in vitro. With the help of bioinformatics analysis, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α) was identified to be a direct target of miR-142, and a luciferase reporter experiment confirmed this discovery. Overexpression of miR-142 decreases protein expression of HIF-1α. In the hypoxic microenvironment, HIF-1α was up-regulated while miR-142 was down-regulated. The invaded cells significantly increased in the hypoxic microenvironment compared to the normoxic microenvironment. The hypoxia treatment induced cells’ proliferation, and invasion could be inhibited by miR-142 overexpression or HIF-1α inhibition. Moreover, expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, Vimentin, VEGF-C and E-cad, was altered under hypoxia conditions and regulated by miR-142/HIF-1α. Above all, these findings provided insights on the functional mechanism of miR-142, suggesting that the miR-142/HIF-1α axis may interfere with the proliferative and invasive properties of pancreatic cancer cells, and indicated that miR-142 could be a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.
Trehalose 6-phosphate signal is closely related to sorbitol in apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Gala)
Authors: Zhang Wen , Lunn John E. , Feil Regina , Wang Yufei , Zhao Jingjing , Tao Hongxia , Guo Yanping , Zhao Zhengyang
Published: January 2017

Trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) is a precursor of trehalose, which is widespread in nature and greatly influences plant growth and development. Tre6P acts as a signal of carbon availability in many plants, but little is known about the function of Tre6P in rosaceous plants, which have specific sorbitol biosynthesis and transportation pathways. In the present study, Tre6P levels and Sorbitol:Tre6P ratios were analyzed in apple fruit (Malus domestica, Borkh. cv. Gala). Tre6P levels were positively correlated with sorbitol content but negatively correlated with sucrose, glucose, and fructose content in developing fruit. However, under sorbitol-limited conditions, Tre6P levels were positively correlated with both sorbitol and sucrose. In the presence of different exogenous sugar supply, Tre6P levels increased corresponding with sorbitol but this was not the case with sucrose. In addition, Tre6P content and Sorbitol:Tre6P ratios were more highly correlated with ADP-glucose levels under sorbitol-limited conditions and fruit development stages respectively. These results suggest that Tre6P is more closely related to sorbitol than other soluble sugars and has an important role in influencing carbon metabolism in apple fruit.
Different mechanisms of Na+ uptake and ammonia excretion by the gill and yolk sac epithelium of early life stage rainbow trout
Authors: Zimmer Alex M. , Wilson Jonathan M. , Wright Patricia A. , Hiroi Junya , Wood Chris M.
Published: January 2017

In rainbow trout, the dominant site of Na+ uptake (JNain) and ammonia excretion (Jamm) shifts from the skin to the gills over development. Post-hatch (PH; 7 days post-hatch) larvae utilize the yolk sac skin for physiological exchange, whereas by complete yolk sac absorption (CYA; 30 days post-hatch), the gill is the dominant site. At the gills, JNain and Jamm occur via loose Na+/NH4+ exchange, but this exchange has not been examined in the skin of larval trout. Based on previous work, we hypothesized that, contrary to the gill model, JNain by the yolk sac skin of PH trout occurs independently of Jamm. Following a 12-h exposure to high environmental ammonia (HEA; 0.5 mmol l−1 NH4HCO3; [Na+]=600 µmol l−1; pH=8), Jamm by the gills of CYA trout and the yolk sac skin of PH larvae, which were isolated using divided chambers, increased significantly. However, this was coupled to an increase in JNain across the gills only, supporting our hypothesis. Moreover, gene expression of proteins involved in JNain (Na+/H+-exchanger-2 (NHE2) and H+-ATPase) increased in response to HEA only in the CYA gills. We further identified expression of the apical Rhesus (Rh) proteins Rhcg2 in putative pavement cells and Rhcg1 (co-localized with apical NHE2 and NHE3b and Na+/K+-ATPase) in putative peanut lectin agglutinin-positive (PNA+) ionocytes in gill sections. Similar Na+/K+-ATPase-positive cells expressing Rhcg1 and NHE3b, but not NHE2, were identified in the yolk sac epithelium. Overall, our findings suggest that the mechanisms of JNain and Jamm by the dominant exchange epithelium at two distinct stages of early development are fundamentally different.
Coloration mechanisms and phylogeny of Morpho butterflies
Authors: Giraldo M. A. , Yoshioka S. , Liu C. , Stavenga D. G.
Published: January 2017

Morpho butterflies are universally admired for their iridescent blue coloration, which is due to nanostructured wing scales. We performed a comparative study on the coloration of 16 Morpho species, investigating the morphological, spectral and spatial scattering properties of the differently organized wing scales. In numerous previous studies, the bright blue Morpho coloration has been fully attributed to the multi-layered ridges of the cover scales' upper laminae, but we found that the lower laminae of the cover and ground scales play an important additional role, by acting as optical thin film reflectors. We conclude that Morpho coloration is a subtle combination of overlapping pigmented and/or unpigmented scales, multilayer systems, optical thin films and sometimes undulated scale surfaces. Based on the scales' architecture and their organization, five main groups can be distinguished within the genus Morpho, largely agreeing with the accepted phylogeny.
Facial Trauma in Sports
Authors: Leinhart James , Toldi James , Tennison Matthew
Published: January 2017

Injuries resulting from facial trauma are common in all sports. Athlete-to-athlete contact, falls, and blows from equipment account for the majority of these events. Appropriate knowledge of basic science, relevant anatomy, and clinical skills is required to provide the correct medical care. While true medical emergencies are infrequent, a prompt accurate diagnosis is essential in developing targeted management and return to play options.
Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcers of the Descending Thoracic Aorta May Be Managed Expectantly
Authors: Absi Tarek S. , Sundt Thoralf M. , Camillo Cynthia J. , Schuessler Richard B. , Gutierrez Fernando R.
Published: January 2017

The natural history of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers (PAUs) of the descending thoracic aorta remains unclear. Between January 1996 and June 2000, PAU was diagnosed in 36 patients (16 men, 20 women; mean age 74.9 ± 1.5 years) at Washington University. Imaging studies and hospital records were reviewed. Late follow-up was by search of the Social Security Death Index and telephone interview. None of 16 asymptomatic patients underwent operation. At follow-up (median 457 days), 6 patients had died of unrelated and 2 of unknown causes. Among 20 symptomatic patients, 10 had associated intramural hematoma (5) or dissection (5), of whom 3 underwent operation. At median follow-up (448 days), the 7 unoperated patients remained alive without an aortic operation. Among the remaining 10 symptomatic patients, 3 had an aortic operation and 2 died of unknown causes during follow-up (median 586 days). These data suggest that, in selected cases, PAU may be managed expectantly with careful observation.