bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kronik
Authors: Meile Jakob Kyril
Published: October 2020

Indhold: Bøger og bibliotek; Ny nationalbibliotekschef udnævnt. Cand.scient.bibl. Pernille Drost er udnævnt til nationalbibliotekschef og vicedirektør ved Det Kongelige Bibliotek; 100 års partiprogrammer online;  Udstillinger; Årets bedste bogarbejde; Per Marquard Otzen – Dagens tegning; International Forfatterscene; Jo Nesbø; Foredragsrække: Besættelsen; Copenhagen Jazz Festival 2013; Lennart Ginman, kontrabas, Thomas Blachman, trommer, Carsten Dahl, klaver, Palle Mikkelborg, trompet; Koncerter; Erhvervelser;
Ministerens ordbog. Matthias Moths store danske ordbog 1700-1717
Authors: Eegholm-Pedersen Svend
Published: October 2020

Det er ikke hver dag en 300 år gammel bog bliver dagens hovedhistorie i medierne, men det var hvad der skete da Moths Ordbog gik i luften online i oktober. Ordbogen er da også helt usædvanlig ved ikke – som det ellers dengang var sædvane – kun at indeholde det almindeligt accepterede tale- og skriftsprog, men også det folkelige og “vulgære”.Moths Ordbog giver os dermed et sjældent indblik i 1700-tallets slang og hverdagssprog. Den kan findes på adressen .
Margaret Thatcher (1925-2013) - en kontroversiel politiker i det 20. århundrede
Authors: Sevaldsen Jørgen
Published: October 2020

I foråret 2013 arrangerede Det Kongelige Bibliotek foredragsrækken "Kontroversielle politikere i det 20. og 21. århundrede".Foredraget om Storbritanniens konservative premierminister 1979-1990 Margaret Thatcher bringes her i en lettere revideret udgave. Forfatteren har tidligere biograferet Winston Churchill (2004) og feltmarskal Bernhard Montgomery (2007) og skrevet værker om nyere britisk historie og samfundsforhold.
Kronik
Authors: Philipson Lotte
Published: October 2020

Indhold: erhvervelser og personalia
Modulation of sleep-courtship balance by nutritional status in Drosophila
Authors: Duhart José M , Baccini Victoria , Zhang Yanan , Machado Daniel R , Koh Kyunghee
Published: October 2020

Sleep is essential but incompatible with other behaviors, and thus sleep drive competes with other motivations. We previously showed Drosophila males balance sleep and courtship via octopaminergic neurons that act upstream of courtship-regulating P1 neurons (Machado et al., 2017). Here, we show nutrition modulates the sleep-courtship balance and identify sleep-regulatory neurons downstream of P1 neurons. Yeast-deprived males exhibited attenuated female-induced nighttime sleep loss yet normal daytime courtship, which suggests male flies consider nutritional status in deciding whether the potential benefit of pursuing female partners outweighs the cost of losing sleep. Trans-synaptic tracing and calcium imaging identified dopaminergic neurons projecting to the protocerebral bridge (DA-PB) as postsynaptic partners of P1 neurons. Activation of DA-PB neurons led to reduced sleep in normally fed but not yeast-deprived males. Additional PB-projecting neurons regulated male sleep, suggesting several groups of PB-projecting neurons act downstream of P1 neurons to mediate nutritional modulation of the sleep-courtship balance.
Drosophila hedgehog can act as a morphogen in the absence of regulated Ci processing
Authors: Little Jamie C , Garcia-Garcia Elisa , Sul Amanda , Kalderon Daniel
Published: October 2020

Extracellular Hedgehog (Hh) proteins induce transcriptional changes in target cells by inhibiting the proteolytic processing of full-lengthDrosophilaCi or mammalian Gli proteins to nuclear transcriptional repressors and by activating the full-length Ci or Gli proteins. We used Ci variants expressed at physiological levels to investigate the contributions of these mechanisms to dose-dependent Hh signaling inDrosophilawing imaginal discs. Ci variants that cannot be processed supported a normal pattern of graded target gene activation and the development of adults with normal wing morphology, when supplemented by constitutive Ci repressor, showing that Hh can signal normally in the absence of regulated processing. The processing-resistant Ci variants were also significantly activated in the absence of Hh by elimination of Cos2, likely acting through binding the CORD domain of Ci, or PKA, revealing separate inhibitory roles of these two components in addition to their well-established roles in promoting Ci processing.
A Novel 2.4-GHz Low-Profile Smart MIMO Antenna with Reconfigurable Frequency-Selective Reflectors
Authors: Tsai C.-H. , Sun J.-S. , Chung S.-J. , Tarng J.-H.
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a new low-profile smart multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system is presented for WiFi IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax applications. The proposed compact 2.4-GHz antenna system employs two beam-switching antenna cells for MIMO operation. Each antenna cell is composed of four reconfigurable frequency-selective reflectors (RFSRs) and a one-to-four switching feeding network. The RFSRs are constructed using a one-wavelength metal loop resonator, which functions as a radiating antenna or a wave reflector to reflect beams along a specific direction, as controlled by the switching network. The feeding switching network utilizes PIN diodes to adjust the phase and impedance required for changing the operational status of each RFSR. The overall dimensions of the antenna system, including the metallic ground, are 120 mm ´ 120 mm ´ 9.5 mm. Moreover, the measured operational bandwidth of the 2.4-GHz antenna is approximately 100 MHz, and the radiation efficiency of each directed beam is 40%–70%.
Compact Multiband Microstrip Printed Slot Antenna Design for Wireless Communication Applications
Authors: Hammas H. A. , Hasan M. F. , Jalal A. S. A.
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a compact multiband printed antenna is proposed to cover four resonant bands in the range of 1-6 GHz. The antenna structure is inspired from that of the classical multi-cavity magnetron resonator. The antenna comprises a slot annular ring structure in the ground plane of an Isola FR4 substrate having Ԑr = 3.5 and thickness h=1.5 mm. The outer circle of the annular ring is loaded with radial arranged small circular slots. On the opposite side of the substrate, the antenna is fed with a 50-Ohm microstrip line. To investigate the effect of different antenna elements on the antenna performance, a parametric study is conducted. The antenna is simulated, fabricated, and measured. The simulated 10 dB return loss bandwidths for the four resonant bands are 35% (1.53–2.11GHz), 14% (2.9–3.34GHz), 12% (4.2–4.75GHz), and 9% (4.94–5.39GHz), respectively. Thus, the antenna is a proper candidate for many in use bands of wireless systems (1.65, 3.14, 4.44, 5.24 GHz), including LTE-FDD, GNSS, GSM-450, W-CDMA/HSPA/k, 802.11a, and IEEE 802.11ac WLAN. The results indicate that the designed antenna has quad-band resonant responses with substantial frequency ratios of f4/f3, f3/f2 and f2/f1. Besides, the antenna offers reasonable radiation characteristics with a gain of 2.5, 4.0, 6.2, and 4.2 dBi, throughout the four resonant bands.
Structure and functions of Yellow-breasted Boubou (Laniarius atroflavus) solos and duets
Authors: Wheeldon Amie , Szymański Paweł , Budka Michał , Osiejuk Tomasz S.
Published: October 2020

Background

Birds have extremely well-developed acoustic communication and have become popular in bioacoustics research. The majority of studies on bird song have been conducted in the temperate zones where usually males of birds sing to attract females and defend territories. In over 360 bird species mostly inhabiting the tropics both males and females sing together in duets. Avian duets are usually formed when a male and female coordinate their songs. We focused on a species with relatively weakly coordinated duets, with male solo as the prevailing vocalisation type.

Methods

Instead of analysing a set of recordings spread over a long time, we analysed whole day microphone-array recordings of the Yellow-breasted Boubou (Laniarius atroflavus), a species endemic to West African montane rainforests. We described the structure of the solo and duet vocalisations and temporal characteristics of daily activity based on 5,934 vocal bouts of 18 focal pairs and their neighbours.

Results

Birds had small, sex specific repertoires. All males shared three types of loud whistles functioning as song type repertoires in both solos and duets. Females vocalised with five types of harsh, atonal notes with a more variable and usually lower amplitude. Three of them were produced both as solos and in duets, while two seem to function as alarm and excitement calls given almost exclusively as a solo. Solos were the most common vocalisation mode (75.4%), with males being more vocally active than females. Duets accounted for 24.6% of all vocalisations and in most cases were initiated by males (81%). The majority of duets were simple (85.1%) consisting of a single male and female song type, but altogether 38 unique duet combinations were described. Males usually initiated singing at dawn and for this used one particular song type more often than expected by chance. Male solo and duet activities peaked around dawn, while female solos were produced evenly throughout the day.

Discussion

Yellow-breasted Boubou is a duetting species in which males are much more vocal than females and duetting is not a dominating type of vocal activity. Duet structure, context and timing of daily production support the joint resource defence hypothesis and mate guarding/prevention hypotheses, however maintaining pair contact also seems to be important. This study provides for the first time the basic quantitative data describing calls, solos and duet songs in the Yellow-breasted Boubou.
Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals Derived from Umbrella Plant (Cyperus alternifolius Linn.)
Authors: Jr. Marcelino R. Tradio , Sarno Brian John
Published: October 2020

Plant–based nanocrystals have gained wide research interest due to its application in nano–reinforcement. Hence, the study investigated the stems of umbrella plant as potentials source of cellulose fibers to synthesize cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The synthesis of CNCs were conducted using acid hydrolysis with 10 mL 64% w/w sulfuric acid for each gram of purified cellulose at 45°C for 30 min. The surface morphology, structural, physical and thermal properties of CNCs were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X–ray diffractometer (XRD), and simultaneous thermal analyzer, respectively. The result showed that the CNCs were mixture of rod–like shape and spherical morphology. The CNC rods were less than 20 nm width and 200–300 nm length when viewed under FESEM. However, the CNC rods were shorter when viewed under TEM and had a width less than 5 nm and length between 20–50 nm. The spherical CNCs that were seen only under TEM were less than 20 nm in diameter. The FTIR spectra showed that the CNCs were composed of crystalline cellulose I wherein the molecular structure of cellulose was preserved after the hydrolysis. The XRD patterns showed that the CNCs were highly crystalline with crystallinity index value of 94.48%. Lastly, the CNCs exhibited a three–stage thermal decomposition behavior.
Optimization in Preparing Sago Based Maltodextrin in a Twin Screw Extruder
Authors: Ansharullah Ansharullah , Rianda La , Wahyuni Sri , Tamrin .
Published: October 2020

Maltodextrins were prepared from sago starch in a twin screw extruder.  A response surface design was used in the extrusion, which included the variations in the α-amylase (Termamyl 120L)  concentrations of 12-24 g/kg dry starch, the moisture contents of 45-55%, and the screw speeds of 75-175 rpm. The product properties examined included dextrose equivalent (DE) values, and composition of malto-oligosaccharides of degree of polymerization 2 (DP2) to DP7 by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The result indicated that DE values ranged from 3.16 – 23.55 mg/g sample and the oligosaccharide component of DP5 was predominant in the samples.  The possibility of using the products in food application was also discussed, including incorporating the maltodextrin in a food system as binder, bulking agent, flavor encapsulation, fat replacer, or other applications.
RETRACTED: CircRNA EPHB4 modulates stem properties and proliferation of gliomas via sponging miR‐637 and up‐regulating SOX10
Authors: Jin Chen , Zhao Jie , Zhang Zhi‐Ping , Wu Ming , Li Jian , Liu Bo , Bin Liao Xin‐ , Liao Yu‐Xiang , Liu Jing‐Ping
Published: October 2020

Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumors. CircRNA ephrin type‐B receptor 4 (circEPHB4) is a circular RNA derived from the receptor tyrosine kinase EPHB4. However, the clinical significance and the specific roles of circEPHB4 in gliomas and glioma cancer stem cells (CSC) have not been studied. Here, we found that circEPHB4 (hsa_circ_0081519) and SOX10 were up‐regulated and microRNA (miR)‐637 was down‐regulated in glioma tissues and cell lines. Consistently, circEPHB4 was positively correlated with SOX10 but negatively correlated with miR‐637. The altered expressions of these molecules were independently associated with overall survival of patients. CircEPHB4 up‐regulated SOX10 and Nestin by directly sponging miR‐637, thereby stimulating stemness, proliferation and glycolysis of glioma cells. Functionally, silencing circEPHB4 or increasing miR‐637 levels in glioma cells was sufficient to inhibit xenograft growth in vivo. In conclusion, the circEPHB4/miR‐637/SOX10/Nestin axis plays a central role in controlling stem properties, self‐renewal and glycolysis of glioma cells and predicts the overall survival of glioma patients. Targeting this axis might provide a therapeutic strategy for malignant gliomas.
Molecular dynamics provides new insights into the mechanism of calcium signal transduction and interdomain interactions in cardiac troponin
Authors: Genchev Georgi Z. , Kobayashi Minae , Kobayashi Tomoyoshi , Lu Hui
Published: October 2020

Understanding the regulation of cardiac muscle contraction at a molecular level is crucial for the development of therapeutics for heart conditions. Despite the availability of atomic structures of the protein components of cardiac muscle thin filaments, detailed insights into their dynamics and response to calcium are yet to be fully depicted. In this study, we used molecular dynamics simulations of the core domains of the cardiac muscle protein troponin to characterize the equilibrium dynamics of its calcium‐bound and calcium‐free forms, with a focus on elements of cardiac muscle contraction activation and deactivation, that is, calcium binding to the cardiac troponin Ca2+‐binding subunit (TnC) and the release of the switch region of the troponin inhibitory subunit (TnI) from TnC. The process of calcium binding to the TnC binding site is described as a three‐step process commencing with calcium capture by the binding site residues, followed by cooperative residue interplay bringing the calcium ion to the binding site, and finally, calcium–water exchange. Furthermore, we uncovered a set of TnC–TnI interdomain interactions that are critical for TnC N‐lobe hydrophobic pocket dynamics. Absence of these interactions allows the closure of the TnC N‐lobe hydrophobic pocket while the TnI switch region remains expelled, whereas if the interactions are maintained, the hydrophobic pocket remains open. Modification of these interactions may fine‐tune the ability of the TnC N‐lobe hydrophobic pocket to close or remain open, modulate cardiac contractility and present potential therapy‐relevant targets.
Modifications in Systemic Rheumatic Disease Medications: Patients’ Perspectives During the Height of the COVID‐19 Pandemic in New York City
Authors: Mancuso Carol A. , Duculan Roland , Jannat-Khah Deanna , Barbhaiya Medha , Bass Anne R. , Mandl Lisa A. , Mehta Bella
Published: October 2020

Objective

Concerns about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS–CoV‐2) infection may have led to changes or discontinuation of immunosuppressive medications among patients with systemic rheumatic disease. Our goal was to assess patients’ perspectives regarding medication modifications and deviations from planned uses during the height of the pandemic.

Methods

Adult patients of 13 rheumatologists at an academic center with physician‐diagnosed rheumatic disease and prescribed disease‐modifying medications were interviewed by telephone and asked open‐ended questions about the impact of SARS–CoV‐2 on their medications. Responses were analyzed using content and thematic analyses to generate categories that described patterns of medication modification.

Results

A total of 112 patients (mean age 50 years, 86% women, 34% non‐White race or Latino ethnicity) with diverse diagnoses (30% lupus, 26% rheumatoid arthritis, 44% other) who were taking various medications were enrolled. Patients reported clinically relevant issues that were iteratively reviewed to generate unique categories of medication modification: medications and increased or decreased risk of SARS–CoV‐2 infection; role of hydroxychloroquine; maintaining medication status quo; role of glucocorticoids; increasing or decreasing existing medications in relation to clinical disease activity; postponing infusions; and medication plan if infected by SARS–CoV‐2. Some modifications were suboptimal for disease control but were made to mitigate infection risk and to minimize potential harm when patients were unable to obtain laboratory tests and physical examinations due to cessation of in‐person office visits.

Conclusion

During the height of the pandemic, substantial medication modifications were made that, in some cases, were temporizing measures and deviations from planned regimens. Future studies will assess short‐ and long‐term sequelae of these medication modifications.
Laser Driven Miniature Diamond Implant for Wireless Retinal Prostheses
Authors: Ahnood Arman , Cheriton Ross , Bruneau Anne , Belcourt James A. , Ndabakuranye Jean Pierre , Lemaire William , Hilkes Rob , Fontaine Réjean , Cook John P. D. , Hinzer Karin , Prawer Steven
Published: October 2020

The design and benchtop operation of a wireless miniature epiretinal stimulator implant is reported. The implant is optically powered and controlled using safe illumination at near‐infrared wavelengths. An application‐specific integrated circuit (ASIC) hosting a digital control unit is used to control the implant's electrodes. The ASIC is powered using an advanced photovoltaic (PV) cell and programmed using a single photodiode. Diamond packaging technology is utilized to achieve high‐density integration of the implant optoelectronic circuitry, as well as individual connections between a stimulator chip and 256 electrodes, within a 4.6 mm × 3.7 mm × 0.9 mm implant package. An ultrahigh efficiency PV cell with a monochromatic power conversion efficiency of 55% is used to power the implant. On‐board photodetection circuity with a bandwidth of 3.7 MHz is used for forward data telemetry of stimulation parameters. In comparison to implants which utilize inductively coupled coils, laser power delivery enables a high degree of miniaturization and lower surgical complexity. The device presented combines the benefits of implant miniaturization and a flexible stimulation strategy provided by a dedicated stimulator chip. This development provides a route to fully wireless miniaturized minimally invasive implants with sophisticated functionalities.
All‐Inorganic Perovskite Photodetectors with Ultrabroad Linear Dynamic Range for Weak‐Light Imaging Applications
Authors: Ji Zhong , Cen Guobiao , Su Chunhua , Liu Yujin , Zhao Zhijuan , Zhao Chuanxi , Mai Wenjie
Published: October 2020

Linear dynamic range (LDR) and weak‐light detection limit of photodetectors (PDs) directly determine the imaging resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in weak‐light condition. Herein, an all‐inorganic perovskite PD is designed with a sandwich structure of NiOx/CsPbBr3/TiO2 (NCT). The CsPbBr3 perovskites are designed by a spin‐coating method, and NiOx and TiO2 layers are introduced by an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. The optimized NCT PD exhibits outstanding performance with ultralow dark current (≈10−11 A), broad LDR (186.7 dB), and ultralow detection limit (857 pW cm−2). Significantly, a proof‐of‐concept optical imaging system has been demonstrated using the NCT PD as the sensor element, which shows high resolution and high SNR even under weak‐light condition. Furthermore, as a demo application, a solution is provided to the identification problem of 2D barcode under a weak‐light environment as low as 4 nW cm−2. The results show promising applications of the all‐inorganic perovskite PD serving as a weak‐light imaging sensor, with unique potential for low‐cost manufacturing of large‐area optoelectronic devices.
Rural–Urban Differences in Health Care Access and Utilization under the Medicaid Expansion
Authors: Mandal Bidisha
Published: October 2020

The Affordable Care Act's Medicaid expansion ushered in substantial increases in enrollment in the public insurance program. I analyzed rural–urban differences in access to health insurance, financial access to primary care providers, use of preventive care, and use of emergency department for medical reasons that did not lead to hospitalization. Low‐income rural residents were found to have greater reduction in likelihood of uninsurance than their urban counterparts. While an increase in the likelihood of routine check‐ups was found to be significant only among rural residents, a decrease in the likelihood of repeated visits to the emergency departments for nonurgent reasons was only significant among the urban population. I highlight the importance of understanding rural experiences to reduce rural–urban health disparities.
Association between age at menarche and body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, and waist to height ratio in adult women
Authors: Żurawiecka Martyna , Wronka Iwona
Published: October 2020

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to examine associations between age at menarche and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), and waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) in young adult women.

Methods

Anthropometric data and age at menarche information were collected in two cross‐sectional surveys conducted in the years 2004‐2006 (Cohort 1) and 2016‐2018 (Cohort 2). A total of 2419 women, aged 19‐24 years., were included.

Results

Statistically significant relationships between age at menarche and BMI, WHtR, and WC were observed. The values of the anthropometric parameters decreased with increasing age at menarche. The onset of menstruation before the age of 12 years. was linked to a heightened risk of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25) and abdominal obesity defined as WC > 80 cm and/or WHtR ≥ 0.5. First menstruation after the age of 14 y. was associated with a lower risk of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25, WC > 80 cm and/or WHtR ≥ 0.5), as well as a higher risk of being underweight (BMI < 18.5 and/or WHtR < 0.4). Associations between anthropometry and menarcheal timing were stronger in Cohort 1.

Conclusion

Both early and late onset of menarche are associated with abnormal body composition: Early menarche is associated with overweight, while later maturing girls have a heightened risk of underweight.
Halochromic poly (lactic acid) film for acid base sensor
Authors: Jia Yam Ng , Rusli Arjulizan , Abdul Hamid Zuratul Ain , Abdullah Muhammad Khalil , Ku Marsilla Ku Ishak
Published: October 2020

A novel strategy to engineer biodegradable halochromic film based on poly (lactic acid) (PLA) for pH sensorial substances was presented. The effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) compositions and dye amount on the efficiency of halochromic pH film was observed. The interactions between PLA, PEG, and dye was evidence by Fourier transform infrared. UV–VIS results indicated the sensitivity of the halochromic film through color changes. Mechanical performance was investigated by tensile testing to assess the potential of the halochromic film. It was found that the halochromic pH film has a clear color response from yellow to purple at pH 3–11 with a rapid response time within a minute. The results also revealed that varying content of PEG showed a significant effect on response time compared with varying dye compositions. PLA/PEG film and dye formed new interactions where PEG increased the free volume of PLA and made it possible for the PEG and the dye to diffuse and entrap between PLA chain. In term of the film strength, the addition of PEG and dye improved the flexibility of PLA film, which enables great potential in many applications such as medical, textile, and packaging.
Corannulene Chalcogenides
Authors: Barát Viktor , Stuparu Mihaiela C.
Published: October 2020

The introduction of chalcogen atoms into a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon structure is an established method to tune material properties. In the context of corannulene (C20H10), a fragment of fullerene C60, such structural adjustments have given rise to an emerging class of functional and responsive molecular materials. In this minireview, our aim is to discuss the synthesis and properties of such chalcogen (sulfur, selenium, and tellurium) derivatives of corannulene.
Fault diagnosis for semilinear distributed parameter systems with actuator/sensor based on iterative learning control
Authors: Zhang Jianxiang , Cui Baotong , Dai Xisheng
Published: October 2020

This paper focuses on the fault diagnosis problem for a class of semilinear distributed parameter systems with actuator and sensor. To diagnose the actual fault, a fault estimator is designed by using an introduced virtual fault for this system. Based on the semigroup theory and λ‐norm, the residual signal is used in the PD‐type iterative learning control scheme to regulate the introduced virtual fault, making the virtual fault track the practical fault. Then, the goal of fault diagnosis is obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on a Fisher equation and applied to a class of typical chemical industry processes.
Ansätze zur performancebasierten Zustandsbeurteilung und Lebensdauerprognose von Ingenieurkonstruktionen
Authors: Reiterer Michael , Strauss Alfred , Kari Hannes
Published: October 2020

Es werden neue innovative Ansätze zur performancebasierten Zustandsbeurteilung und Lebensdauerprognose von Ingenieurkonstruktionen auf Grundlage eines hybriden und modellbasierten Zuverlässigkeitsindex vorgestellt. Die Methode beruht auf der Zusammenführung der Ergebnisse aus rein visuellen Zustandsprüfungen von Ingenieurkonstruktionen mit vorhandenem Expertenwissen aus Versuchen und Berechnungen. Mittels Methoden der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) werden die Zustandsklassen aus der heuristischen visuellen Inspektion und das vorhandene Expertenwissen zur verfeinerten Ermittlung des zustandsabhängigen Zuverlässigkeitsindex unter Berücksichtigung der entsprechenden Schadensfolgeklassen (CCn) bei einem bestimmten Lebensalter der Konstruktion herangezogen. Es werden vier unterschiedliche Modelle für die Prognose der zukünftig sich ergebenden Zustandsentwicklung/Degradation und der zu erwartenden Lebensdauer der betrachteten Ingenieurkonstruktion vorgestellt. Diese methodischen Ansätze werden am Beispiel einer bei Zugvorbeifahrt hochgradig dynamisch beanspruchten Lärmschutzwandkonstruktion der Bahn zur Zustandsbeurteilung und Lebensdauerprognose skizziert.
Can jaw position affect the fine motor activity of the hand during writing?
Authors: Alghadir Ahmad H. , Zafar Hamayun , Iqbal Zaheen A.
Published: October 2020

Background

Jaw and neck systems have been shown to be functionally related and changes in either system can modulate gross motor functions, such as posture control. It remains to be seen if any change in jaw position can affect fine motor skills. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of resting, open and clenched jaw positions on various handwriting parameters while standing on firm and unstable surfaces.

Methods

Handwriting samples were collected from 36 healthy male participants (age, 15–35 years) using a digitizer tablet (WACOM Intuos 4) with noninking pen in the resting, open and clenched jaw positions while standing on firm and unstable surfaces. The measured handwriting parameters included duration, vertical size, horizontal size, absolute size, average absolute velocity, and absolute jerk. Recordings and analyses were performed using NeuroScript MovAlyzeR software.

Results

All handwriting parameters varied among the resting, open, and clenched jaw positions on both the firm and unstable surfaces. However, based on statistical analyses, there were no significant differences in the handwriting parameters among three jaw positions on both surfaces (p > .05).

Conclusion

This study revealed that all handwriting parameters varied among the resting, open, and clenched jaw positions on both the firm and unstable surfaces, showing that change in the jaw motor system may potentially affect the fine motor skills. However, on statistical analysis, there was no significant effect of 3 studied jaw positions on fine motor skills as seen on gross motor skills among healthy individuals.
Coronary interventions among patients with hepatic insufficiency: Encouragement to avoid a jaundiced view
Authors: Whiteside Hoyle L. , Moliterno David J.
Published: October 2020

Key Points

This observational study from the National Inpatient Sample found a temporal increase in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) among patients with liver cirrhosis.

In a propensity matched analysis, patients with underlying hepatic insufficiency demonstrated a predisposition to peri‐operative acute kidney injury and required greater resource allocation associated with higher in‐hospital mortality and costs.

Despite a higher‐risk profile associated with chronic hepatic insufficiency, contemporary technologies and techniques for PCI, including drug‐eluting stents, should not be withheld from this population.
Rolling the rock uphill during left main stenting: The Sisyphus myth in percutaneous coronary intervention?
Authors: Dangas George , Khan Asaad A.
Published: October 2020

Key Points

Detailed left main (LM) imaging can help optimize percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) results.

Careful optical coherence tomography imaging can be performed in LM PCI, with particular focus in the distal LM area.

Further investigation is required in the LM PCI imaging and clinical outcomes.
A step toward physiologically guided chronic limb‐threatening ischemia intervention
Authors: Winscott John G. , Hillegass William B.
Published: October 2020

Key Points

Spatial and quantitative measures of end‐tissue perfusion and oxygenation are an unmet need in the care of chronic limb‐threatening ischemia (CLTI) patients.

Pedal artery sheath measurements of pedal pressure are feasible, safe, and predictive of limb survival.

Extending this concept to other endovascular access sites and open surgery, multiple novel approaches may soon permit real‐time intraprocedural physiological measures to quantitatively inform revascularization and long‐term management of CLTI patients.
One in one equals two
Authors: Ooi Yinn Shaung , Gray William A.
Published: October 2020

Key Points

Significant mitral regurgitation (MR) is common in patients undergoing valve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement (VIV‐TAVR) for aortic bioprosthetic structural valve deterioration.

The current study suggests that mild and moderate MR generally improves after VIV‐TAVR, and does not appear to impact clinical outcomes.

Further research is needed to refine these findings.
Sometimes you just don't know: Adventures in octopus trapping
Authors: Rodriguez‐Paz Enrique , Heuser Richard R.
Published: October 2020

Key Points

It is almost impossible to differentiate Takotsubo syndrome from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) on initial presentation.

One can usually elicit a history of a sudden emotional or physically stressful event suffered by the patient before presenting with Takotsubo syndrome.

Takotsubo syndrome more often occurs in females.

New evidence suggests that Takotsubo syndrome can coexist with ACS.
Mechanically supported PCI for ischemic cardiomyopathy reawakening of hibernating myocardium
Authors: Goldstein James A. , Dixon Simon R.
Published: October 2020

Key Points

Ischemic cardiomyopathy (IC) poses Higher risk for PCI, based on clinical hemodynamic status and coronary anatomic factors.

More complete revascularization optimizes recovery of LV function in IC.

Hemodynamically supported PCI allows safer and more complete revascularization, facilitating recovery of LV function.

Determination of myocardial viability is vital to selecting patients and target vessels most likely to benefit from PCI.
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis in T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Lim Ming Y.
Published: October 2020

This case highlights the importance of looking for an occult malignancy when LCV is diagnosed clinically without any other signs suggestive of an infectious or autoimmune cause.
Local structure graph models with higher‐order dependence
Authors: Casleton Emily M. , Nordman Daniel J. , Kaiser Mark S.
Published: October 2020

Local structure graph models (LSGMs) describe random graphs and networks as a Markov random field (MRF)—each graph edge has a specified conditional distribution dependent on explicit neighbourhoods of other graph edges. Centred parameterizations of LSGMs allow for direct control and interpretation of parameters for large‐ and small‐scale structures (e.g., marginal means vs. dependence). We extend this parameterization to account for triples of dependent edges and illustrate the importance of centred parameterizations for incorporating covariates and interpreting parameters. Using a MRF framework, common exponential random graph models are also shown to induce conditional distributions without centred parameterizations and thereby have undesirable features. This work attempts to advance graph models through conditional model specifications with modern parameterizations, covariates and higher‐order dependencies.
Cardiac troponin I predicts clinical outcome of patients with cancer at emergency department
Authors: Park Soo Hyun , Kim Taerim , Cha Won Cul , Yoon Hee , Hwang Sung Yeon , Shin Tae Gun , Sim Min Seob , Jo IkJoon , Lee Seung‐Hwa , Park Hyung‐Doo , Choi Jin‐Ho
Published: October 2020

Background

The prognostic ability of cardiac troponin I (TnI) has been demonstrated in general populations and among cardiovascular disease patients, but it has not been evaluated in cancer patients.

Hypothesis

This study assumes to have the prognostic ability of cardiac troponin in cancer patients visiting the emergency department.

Methods

Cancer patients visiting the emergency department were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Patients with previously known coronary artery disease or clinically indicated coronary angiography were not included. The maximal value from Siemens ADVIA Centaur troponin I Ultra assay within 24 hours was assessed. The primary endpoint was 180‐day all‐cause death, including cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death.

Results

A total of 9135 cancer patients (mean age: 63 years, male gender: 60%) were enrolled. Lowest (0.006 ng/mL), assay‐specific <99th % (0.007‐0.039 ng/mL), below median ≥ 99th % (0.040‐0.129 ng/mL), and above median ≥ 99th % (≥0.130 ng/mL) TnI were found in 4487 (49.1%), 3158 (34.6%), 852 (9.3%), and 638 (7.0%) patients, respectively. There was 3192 (34.9%) all‐cause deaths including 137 (1.5%) cardiovascular and 3047 (33.4%) noncardiovascular deaths in the 180‐day follow‐up period. The risks of all‐cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular death increased across higher TnI strata (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.3‐2.9; 2.1‐9.3; 1.3‐1.8; P < .001, all). These findings were consistent within clinical subgroups including solid and hematologic cancers.

Conclusions

Cancer patients visiting the emergency department with elevated troponin I were at increased risk of 180‐day death. Cancer patients with elevated TnI may need additional evaluation or careful follow‐up even without cardiovascular disease diagnosis.
Selective Hydrogenolysis of Erythritol over Ir−ReOx/Rutile‐TiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Gu Minyan , Liu Lujie , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Li Congcong , Tamura Masazumi , Shen Zheng , Zhou Xuefei , Zhang Yalei , Tomishige Keiichi
Published: October 2020

Partial hydrogenolysis of erythritol, which can be produced at large scale by fermentation, to 1,4‐butanediol (1,4‐BuD) is investigated with Ir−ReOx/SiO2 and Ir−ReOx/rutile‐TiO2 catalysts. In addition to the higher conversion rate over Ir−ReOx/TiO2 than over Ir−ReOx/SiO2, which has been also reported for glycerol hydrogenolysis, Ir−ReOx/TiO2 showed higher selectivity to 1,4‐BuD than Ir−ReOx/SiO2, especially at low conversion levels, leading to high 1,4‐BuD productivity of 20 mmol1,4‐BuD gIr−1 h−1 at 373 K (36 % conversion, 33 % selectivity). The productivity based on the noble metal amount is higher than those reported previously, although the maximum yield of 1,4‐BuD (23 %) is not higher than the highest reported values. The reactions of various triols, diols and mono‐ols are tested and the selectivity and the reaction rates are compared between catalysts and between substrates. The Ir−ReOx/TiO2 catalyst showed about twofold higher activity than Ir−ReOx/SiO2 in hydrogenolysis of the C−OH bond at the 2‐ or 3‐positions in 1,2‐ and 1,3‐diols, respectively, whereas the hydrogenolysis of C−OH at the 1‐position is less promoted by the TiO2 support. Lowering the loading amount of Ir on TiO2 (from 4 wt % to 2 or 1 wt %) decreases the Ir‐based activity and 1,4‐BuD selectivity. Similarly, increasing the loading amount on SiO2 from 4 wt % to 20 wt % increases the Ir‐based activity and 1,4‐BuD selectivity, although they remain lower than those for TiO2‐supported catalyst with 4 wt % Ir. High metal loadings on the support seem to be important.
The use of hydraulic ram pump for increasing pump head‐technical feasibility
Authors: Asvapoositkul Wanchai , Nimitpaitoon T. , Rattanasuwan S. , Manakitsirisuthi P.
Published: October 2020

The combined pump and hydraulic ram pump (HRP) was presented to evaluate the technical feasibility for increasing pump head. This method was used to demonstrate a possible low‐cost alternative solution to supply water in remote areas. It illustrated the case where energy in rivers was not enough to drive HRP and a pump alone could not lift water to the required head. The HRP was connected in series with the pump. The experiment on the combined system operation was investigated. The system was working only at a certain range of flow rates for a power supply by the pump. Therefore, HRP was adjusted to pump water in the range that the waste valve was functioning. The combined system can operate at a low flow rate with a high head without extra energy and no overloading. It reveals that the more discharge head is required, the less flow can be lifted which results in a high number of valve beats per minute of the waste valve. Experimental determination of the optimal values for these parameters will make it possible to provide for a feasible design of HRP in the given pump. The optimal HRP will make it possible to ensure the required performance (delivery, head, efficiency) of the combined system.
New multilayered microencapsulated phase change material with CaCO3 and Ag shells
Authors: Emir Sedat , Paksoy Halime
Published: October 2020

Phase change materials (PCM) are microencapsulated to make them easier to handle and compatible with environments they are used in. Thermal conductivity of PCMs, which is already low for organics, decreases further due to the polymer based shells used in the process. In this study, n‐heptadecane as PCM was coated with natural based material CaCO3 and Ag in order to improve thermal conductivity. Low‐cost and facile self‐assembly method was preferred in synthesis of microencapsulated PCMs (mPCM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of the synthesized microcapsules shows that n‐heptadecan@CaCO3 microcapsule, melting‐freezing enthalpies and temperatures were 59.82 J/g and 66.04 J/g, 26.63°C and 18.68°C, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT‐IR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results of n‐heptadecane@CaCO3 and n‐heptadecane@CaCO3@Ag microcapsules confirmed the accomplished encapsulation of n‐heptadecane with CaCO3 and Ag. These microcapsules presented a good spherical morphology with a well‐defined core‐shell microstructure. Thermal conductivity of n‐heptadecane was increased from 0.178 to 0.706 W/mK for n‐heptadecane@CaCO3 and further increased to 1.092 W/mK for n‐heptadecane@CaCO3@Ag.
Secure beamforming and power‐efficient artificial‐noise optimization for multibeam directional modulation
Authors: Zhou Xuetao , Wang Hao , Cheng Qian , Wang Shilian , Zheng Linhua
Published: October 2020

In this article, an anti‐eavesdropping zero‐forcing plus power‐efficient artificial‐noise optimization method for multibeam directional modulation (DM) synthesis is proposed. It aims to prevent known and unknown eavesdroppers intercepting useful signals as far as possible and achieve a narrower bit error rate (BER) main beamwidth under the premise of limited artificial‐noise (AN) power consumption. Beam pattern nulls are generated in known eavesdroppers directions by utilizing the orthogonality of zero‐forcing beamforming. Low‐sidelobe beamforming is also introduced to DM for the first time to suppress unknown eavesdroppers outside main lobes. The distribution of AN power in all directions is optimized by minimizing the AN transmit power subject to a series of secrecy rate (SR) constraints. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art DM synthesis methods with regard to power efficiency, SR and BER performance.
Pulp and paper mill sludges decrease soil erodibility
Authors: Rasa Kimmo , Pennanen Taina , Peltoniemi Krista , Velmala Sannakajsa , Fritze Hannu , Kaseva Janne , Joona Juuso , Uusitalo Risto
Published: October 2020

Declining carbon (C) content in agricultural soils threatens soil fertility and makes soil prone to erosion, which could be rectified with organic soil amendments. In a 4‐yr field trial, we made a single application of three different organic sludges from the pulp and paper industry and studied their effects on cereal yield, soil C content, and fungal and bacterial composition. In laboratory rainfall simulations, we also studied the effects of the soil amendments on susceptibility to erosion and nutrient mobilization of a clay‐textured soil by measuring the quality of percolation water passing through 40‐cm intact soil monoliths during 2‐d rainfall simulations over four consecutive years after application. A nutrient‐poor fiber sludge reduced wheat yield in the first growing season, but there were no other significant effects on cereal yield or grain quality. An input of ∼8 Mg ha−1 C with the soil amendments had only minor effects on soil C content after 4 yr, likely because of fast microbe‐mediated turnover. The amendments clearly changed the fungal and bacterial community composition. All amendments significantly reduced suspended solids (SS) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in percolation water. The effect declined with time, but the reduction in SS and TP was still >25% 4 yr after application. We attributed the lower tendency for particle detachment in rain simulations to direct interactions of soil minerals with the added particulate organic matter and microbe‐derived compounds that stabilize soil aggregates. In soils with low organic matter content, pulp and paper industry by‐products can be a viable measure for erosion mitigation.
Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Assess Parenteral Nutrition–Induced Hyperglycemia in an Adult Patient With Severe COVID‐19
Authors: Chow Kenneth W. , Kelly Danielle J. , Gupta Rajarsi , Miller Joshua D.
Published: October 2020

Many patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are acutely malnourished and often require aggressive and early nutrition support with parenteral nutrition (PN). However, PN‐induced hyperglycemia is a predictor of hospital mortality and is associated with increased length of stay. Elevated blood glucose in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is also associated with increased mortality. Real‐time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) is primarily used in the outpatient setting, but there is rapidly growing interest in its applicability to help treat dysglycemia in critically ill patients, especially during the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. We assessed the use of rtCGM data (Dexcom G6) in a 58‐year‐old male admitted to the ICU for severe COVID‐19 infection, who developed PN‐induced hyperglycemia with markedly elevated total daily insulin requirements as high as 128 units. rtCGM was used to safely titrate insulin infusion and monitor glucose levels. No episodes of hypoglycemia were observed, despite an extremely aggressive insulin regimen. This case demonstrates the potential utility of rtCGM in the critical care setting and highlights its potential to help conserve personal protective equipment and minimize unnecessary staff exposure in the setting of COVID‐19.
Tutorial: Triheptanoin and Nutrition Management for Treatment of Long‐Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders
Authors: Norris Marie K. , Scott Anna I. , Sullivan Sarah , Chang Irene J. , Lam Christina , Sun Angela , Hahn Sihoun , Thies Jenny M. , Gunnarson Melissa , McKean Kelly N. , Merritt J. Lawrence
Published: October 2020

Background

Patients with severe long‐chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC‐FAODs) experience serious morbidity and mortality despite traditional dietary management including medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT)–supplemented, low‐fat diets. Triheptanoin is a triglyceride oil that is broken down to acetyl–coenzyme A (CoA) and propionyl‐CoA, which replenishes deficient tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. We report the complex medical and nutrition management of triheptanoin therapy initiated emergently for 3 patients with LC‐FAOD.

Methods

Triheptanoin (Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, Inc, Novato, CA, USA) was administered to 3 patients with LC‐FAOD on a compassionate‐use basis. Triheptanoin was mixed with non–MCT‐containing low‐fat formula. Patients were closely followed with regular cardiac and laboratory monitoring.

Results

Cardiac ejection fraction normalized after triheptanoin initiation. Patients experienced fewer hospitalizations related to metabolic crises while on triheptanoin. Patient 1 has tolerated oral administration without difficulty since birth. Patients 2 and 3 experienced increased diarrhea. Recurrent breakdown of the silicone gastrostomy tube occurred in patient 3, whereas the polyurethane nasogastric tube for patient 2 remained intact. Patient 3 experiences recurrent episodes of elevated creatine kinase levels and muscle weakness associated with illness. Patient 3 had chronically elevated C10‐acylcarnitines while on MCT supplementation, which normalized after initiation of triheptanoin and discontinuation of MCT oil.

Conclusions

Triheptanoin can ameliorate acute cardiomyopathy and increase survival in patients with severe LC‐FAOD. Substituting triheptanoin for traditional MCT‐based treatment improves clinical outcomes. MCT oil might be less effective in carnitine‐acylcarnitine translocase deficiency patients compared with other FAODs and needs further investigation.