bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systems analysis of reform in Russia’s energy industry
Authors: Valery Stennikov , Vladimir Golovshchikov
Published: July 2021

The paper presents the results of a systems analysis of the reform of Russia’s electric power industry. The analysis has revealed the main problems of the industry and the causes behind them. It has also shown that many of the negative outcomes of the reform are due to the lack of a systems approach to the formulation of the reform goals and objectives and the assessment of their implementation consequences. The lack of a systems approach to crucial problems of the electric power industry in the context of the actual situation and the lack of reasonable development forecasts have led to directive management methods. This significantly reduces the efficiency of the development of the electric power industry in Russia in the medium and long term. The analysis allowed us to propose some priority measures that will not require fundamental changes in the electric power industry but can improve the situation in the medium term.
Research based on mathematical modeling of CHP-10 power unit No 5 “Baikal Energy Company” LLC to assess the efficiency of its modernization
Authors: Zabuga Fedor , Alekseiuk Vitalii
Published: July 2021

The work aims to study the effect of changes in the drain scheme of the low-pressure regeneration on the energy and economic efficiency of the CHP plant-10 power unit No 5 of “Baikal Energy Company” LLC. In this study, we used a mathematical model of the power unit adjusted to the measurements results. The mathematical modelling of the power unit was performed using the “Computer-assisted programming system” application package. The created mathematical model of the heat and power plant was tailored to the current state of the study object according to the threestage identification procedure of the mathematical model parameters. We proposed a cycle arrangement under which three streams of the low-pressure drainages were redirected to the pump suction of the low-pressure heater. The improved mathematical model of the power unit allows the calculation of the parameters of both the existing and proposed cycle arrangements. According to the calculations, the temperature difference between the main condensate after the low-pressure heater 1 and the investigated drains after mixing is minimal and amounts to 3.2 °C. The suggested modernisation increases the energy efficiency of the power unit by 0.007% under the nominal operating conditions of the existing and proposed thermal circuit. In addition, the specific standard fuel consumption for electric generation is reduced by 0.052 gram of conventional fuel / kW·h. The operating costs to implement the proposed engineering solutions amounted to 34191 roubles. Considering the annual power plant extensive consumption factor, the payback period of the proposed modernisation will be 5.5 months. The savings for the first operation year are estimated at 18423 roubles, based on the rate of return and depreciation expenses. The proposed approach combines mathematical modelling of operating power plants with a technique of increasing the efficiency of technical decision-making. The proposed versatile approach can be used for the modernisation of CHPs and other plants.
Conceptual methods of starting and controlling operating modes of compressorless combined cycle gas turbine unit
Authors: Sinkevich Mikhail , Ramazanov Eldar , Kosoy Anatoliy
Published: July 2021

A method for operation study of a compressorless combined-cycle gas turbine (CCCGT) unit during transients from one steady-state mode to another, including during start-up and shutdown, is proposed. As an example, studies of the transients of an energy complex with a capacity of 60 MW are given. A variant of an algorithm concept for start/stop and transients of such an energy complex is proposed. This concept includes algorithms for starting from the three initial states of the energy complex (cold, hot and standby). For these algorithms, the time and energy consumption characteristics are estimated. It is shown that from a cold state, such an energy complex can be started and brought to the nominal mode in 1.5-2 hours. At the same time, the energy costs will not exceed energy consumption for its own needs in a nominal mode. The start-up time from the hot state can be reduced to 20-25 minutes, and the start-up from the standby state can be 2.5-3 minutes. The proposed concept of control algorithms for transient modes is such, so that a temperature state of the main components and parts of the energy complex is provided at a constant temperature. Thus, the time of transients will be determined only by the speed of the regulatory authorities. Consequently, power systems operating on the CCCGT cycle can operate equally efficiently, both in the basic mode and in the power control mode.
Digital twin development of a solar power plant
Authors: Massel Ludmila , Shchukin Nikita , Cybikov Alexey
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the development of a digital twin of a solar power plant. An overview of existing solutions in this area is given. An approach to building a digital twin based on ontological engineering is discussed in more detail. The main steps of ontological engineering are described. A fragment of the system of ontologies of photovoltaic systems is presented. A mathematical model designed to simulate a solar power plant taking into account changes in environmental parameters is considered. The article also focuses on the design of the architecture of the digital twin, consisting of: Digital Shadow, Digital Model and control system. The article also describes the stage of implementation of a prototype of a digital twin of a solar power plant, which currently includes a database and a component for calculating the output characteristics of solar panels and inverters.
Simulation modeling of integrated heat and cooling supply systems in the Far North to assess efficiency
Authors: Vasilev Semen
Published: July 2021

This paper proposes the creation of an integrated heat and cooling system in the city of Yakutsk. A classic version of district cooling (DC) with the use of absorption chillers is considered. The operation of the integrated power system was simulated for 3 months in the summer of 2019. The simulation results showed the presence of a sufficient amount of waste heat for the entire time of the DC operation, even for the maximum possible cooling demand. Calculations showed the possibility of reducing electricity consumption in the city from 0.8 to 20.0%. Primary economic indicators showed the possible economic success of such a project, if there is sufficient demand for cold.
Analysis of the integration of Yakut isolated power system into the interconnected power system of Far East
Authors: Ryabykh Igor V. , Podkovalnikov Sergei V.
Published: July 2021

This article considers overview of the integration process of the isolated power systems of Yakutia to the eastern section of the Unified Power System of Russia. Features of development of Yakutia’s electric power sector are considered. Systemic effects of connecting the isolated power systems of Yakutia to the IPS of Far East were identified. Changes in the electric power tariff setting were analysed. Information about improving of reliability of electricity supply was presented.
Water electrolyzer for renewable energy systems
Authors: Kuleshov V. N , Kuleshov N. V , Kurochkin S. V , Fedotov A. A. , Sleptsova E. E. , Blinov D. V , Gavriluk A. A. , Zhmurko I. E.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the features of the alkaline water electrolyzers use in power plants with a hydrogen energy storage systems based on renewable energy sources. The technology of nickel–cobalt electrodes electrochemical formation according to a printed 2–dimensional sketch is proposed. A new technique for the synthesis of diaphragms with a zirconium hydroxide hydrogel as a hydrophilic filler is considered. The current–voltage characteristics of an electrolytic cell located inside outer containment shell, designed for pressures up to 160 atm, are investigated.
Imparting hydrophobic functionalities to copper surface using laser ablation and water emulsion of surfactants
Authors: Grigoriev Sergey , Trushin Evgeniy , Likhaeva Alena , Volkov Alexander , Dasaev Marat
Published: July 2021

Wettability is one of the main characteristics of a surface and reflects the ability of a liquid to flow over a solid surface. Using hydrophobic functional surfaces in evaporator and condenser of heating plants to intensify heat exchange processes will increase efficiency and, consequently, reduce the metal consumption and weight-size parameters of this equipment. This will result in reduced energy consumption and lower production and operating costs. This paper presents an analysis of methods for creating hydrophobic surfaces. The fabrication of hydrophobic copper surface of experimental samples by creating multimodal relief in form of 50 µm grid by laser ablation process and subsequent reduction of surface energy of material using water emulsion of octadecylamine is grounded and described. The fluence was varied from 5 to 900 J/cm2 when modifying the surface using laser station. The dependence of the effect of laser fluence on water contact angle value is presented. Following the study, the optimum laser irradiation parameters for the surface of experimental samples were determined, at which the maximum value of water contact angle of 146.61° and the minimum value of roll-off angle of 13.5° were obtained.
Features of using linear graphs in developing mathematical model of metal melting process in induction crucible furnace
Authors: Pulatov Abror , Bekmuradov Jamol , Zaripov Odiljon
Published: July 2021

The use of linear graphs in the development of a mathematical model of metal melting in an induction crucible furnace allows to determine the metal melting temperature and control the excess temperature in the main parts of the furnace. In addition, if it is necessary to optimize the thermal mode of operation of the furnace according to the presented graph conversion method, a graph model of any part of the furnace with the desired thermal parameters can be obtained.
Calculation methodology for determining the number of simultaneous self-starting pumping units
Authors: Abidov K.G. , Zaripov O.O. , Rakhmatullaev A.I. , Zaripov N.O. , Zaripova Sh.O.
Published: July 2021

The paper considers the methodology of calculating the number of self-starting pump units depending on the network voltage landing and the basic calculation dependencies of the process of selfstarting of electric motors supplied from three-phase three-winding transformer; the substitution scheme for one phase of the circuit is made. Technical solutions for upgrading pump units, which allow applying the selfstart mode at ameliorative pumping stations, are proposed.
The analyses of definite profitable power of the city web trаnsformer
Authors: Saidkhodjaev A G , Vanin V K , Najimatdinov R K , Dustova S H , Nishanov A
Published: July 2021

It gives the analyse of offered metodics of detinite profitable power оf the transformer stations (TS) and the colculation formuls received in building standarts and rules (B.S.K 2.04.17-98). Тhe offered new metodics.
Features of autonomous and parallel operation of an asynchronous generator with a network of endless power in the current stage of EPS development
Authors: Bobojonov Yunus , Alibekova Tolqin , Sultonov Asror N , Quwatbaev Polat , Ismandiyarov Atabek
Published: July 2021

The article describes the use of asynchronous machines in generator mode to provide power to threephase consumers, as well as the features of autonomous and parallel operation of an asynchronous generator with an infinite power network. The use of static sources of reactive power allows widespread introduction of an asynchronous generator in the electric power system as a reliable source of active power.
To the structure of electricity losses in distribution networks 6 - 110 kV
Authors: Uzakov Bakhadir , Kurbonov Nurbek N , Kamalov Qayratdin , Muratov Abat
Published: July 2021

The article presents the main types of electricity losses depending on the operating parameters and parameters of distribution networks, as well as their structural components. The existing methods of obtaining information about operating parameters in 220-110-35-10-0.4 kV networks, the volume of measurements of operating parameters at substations of various voltage classes are described
Optimization of electric networks modes under conditions of partial uncertainty of initial information
Authors: Reymov Kamal , Makhmuthonov S. K. , Turmanova Gulnaz , Uzaqbaev Quwat
Published: July 2021

One of the problems of modern power systems management regimes associated with the probabilistic nature of the starting information. In such circumstances, the decision of relevant control tasks based on deterministic methods lead to unacceptable or non-optimal results. Therefore, this article questions optimization of energy systems based on functional limitations in terms of probability of the initial information
Calculated studies of the vibrational properties of the mode parameter of the electric power system containing asynchronous turbogenerators by their frequency characteristics
Authors: Bobojonov Yunus , Seytmuratov Bayram , Sultanov A N , Fayzullaev Bayram , Hayrullo oglu Husanov Shahobiddin
Published: July 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the oscillatory properties of the operating parameter of electric power systems during joint operation of synchronous and asynchronous turbine generators at the station and the influence of the proportional ratios of their powers on the oscillatory properties based on their amplitudefrequency characteristics.
Control of quality and modes of power supply systems using contactless devices
Authors: Abduraimov Erkin , Khalmanov Dilshad , Peysenov Moldagali , Khamidova Nargiza
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the issues of creating contactless switching devices for automatic quality control and operation modes of power supply systems, using the developed contactless thyristor voltage relays, characterized by high reliability and speed, combining a sensitive system and a powerful final controlling element. Schemes with operating principles and experimental characteristics are given. It is proposed to use it to automatically turn on or off the booster transformer winding when the input voltage changes to maintain the rated voltage of electricity consumers, as well as to create a power regulator for capacitor banks of reactive energy compensating devices.
Double drum root crop washer with chain transmission
Authors: Mirzaev N N , Mamasalieva M I
Published: July 2021

The paper describes a two-drum root crop washer with a chain gear, which was designed by the authors of this work and assembled for testing and working in a mini technological line of root crop processing. The authors have calculated the chain gear specifically for this design.
An approach to tackle negative effects in project management
Authors: Nevolin Ivan V. , Khrustalev Oleg E.
Published: July 2021

We introduce a model to support scenario analysis while managing costs of high-tech project. If the project results from joint efforts of firms with one per single stage the model suggests budget redistribution in case of funding shortage or exchange rate volatility. Given negative outer effects for the project the model requires the project to be completed and this constraint forces firms to diminish their profit or to make a loan if needed. The model proposed suggests human-machine (expert) interaction to build scenario for analysis but is simpler compared to method of successive concessions from computational point of view.
Eco-innovations for a circular economy: the EU countries rankings
Authors: Gomonov Konstantin G.
Published: July 2021

This article reveals the importance of implementing eco-innovation for the circular economy and sustainable development. The author provides different approaches to measuring the level of development of eco-innovation in the countries of the European Union. The two main indices for measuring eco-innovation are revealed in more detail. Described the pillars of each of the indices. Clustering of EU countries was carried out using the k-means method and groups of countries were identified by the level of implementation of eco-innovation. The clear leaders are Denmark, Sweden. Bulgaria, Cyprus, Poland are catching-up countries.
E-commerce effects for the sustainable development goals
Authors: Revinova Svetlana
Published: July 2021

Achieving sustainable development goals is the task of all countries, both developed and developing. At the same time, almost all countries are moving to a digital economy, with the core of e-commerce. The study aims to identify the connections between these two areas and analyze the effects that may arise as a result. The analysis showed that e-commerce is linked to 10 of the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals. For the most part, these effects are positive. However, to achieve the most positive impact, the interest of both Internet companies and consumers is required.
Estimation of Global Public IaaS market concentration by Linda index
Authors: Musin Timur
Published: July 2021

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is one of three key cloud market segments, that include also Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS). Representing less than a third of the entire market, this segment is projected to keep the higher pace of growth over the next few years. But this growth is mainly driven by market leaders - technology companies with a diversified international business, thereby increasing the concentration of the largest players in the market. This article defines the degree of global IaaS market concentration and whether an oligopoly is being formed. The Linda index is utilized for determination of “oligopoly boundary”- number of key market players.
Mathematical Model with Feedback Loop in Company Control
Authors: Plotnikov Arkadiy , Goryacheva Tatyana , Kazakova Flyura , Zakharchenko Ekaterina
Published: July 2021

This article is devoted to the further development of feedback loop models. They are used in the management of a single-industry firm. The development of the studying consists in the mathematical modeling of transients and assessing their impact on economic indicators. To solve this problem, the following was done in the article. A structural model of the functioning of a single-industry firm (SIF) is presented. It is built in accordance with the theory of automatic control (TAC) and includes elements: a management unit, a production unit, a sales unit, information nodes, as well as a feedback loop (FL). Equations and relationships describing the logic of the functioning of the company as a production system are presented. They allowed us to derive dynamic relationships and differential equations that reflect feedback loops on revenue and production costs. The system of expressions in operator form is presented, which describes the contour of the FL SIF. It has the form of a system of differential equations. It forms the basis of the mathematical model of SIF in the control system. This model made it possible to obtain a graphical interpretation of transients with closed and open FL based on the use of the Mathcad editor. Transients are fluctuations in sales volumes and production costs in the presence of disturbing influences. This is the scientific result and determines the novelty of the article.
State intervention in the domestic market restructuring: an example of the Russian sunflower market
Authors: Chernikov Sergey U. , Zobov Alexander
Published: July 2021

In recent years, the Russian market of sunflower oil has shown steady growth, while the key trend is the increase and deepening of exports. In 2020, the market showed an increase in exports to China and India, reaching a value of 35% of the total export volume. At the moment, Russia is considering a formula for an export duty on sunflower oil, as it struggles with food price inflation. It is assumed that the export duty on sunflower oil will be structured similarly to that used in the wheat market. The government brokered the deal to mitigate the impact of high international prices on a key domestic product, and was forced to lock in retail sunflower oil prices after domestic sunflower and sunflower oil prices began to rise following last summer’s low sunflower harvest in the Black Sea region. It is expected that the introduction of a new export duty will be able to stabilize domestic food inflation.
The impact of COVID – 19 on Collecting of Tax Revenues in Kosovo
Authors: Sekiraqa Albina , Sekiraça Edona , Sekiraqa Verona , Ahmeti Skender
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to present the effect of the pandemic crisis COVID - 19 on the economy of Kosovo, namely tax revenues focusing on the impact of the pandemic situation on macroeconomic indicators such as Gross Domestic Product. The impact of the crisis on the collection of tax revenues, the impact of the crisis on tax evasion, the effect of the crisis on business turnover, and the ratio of tax revenues to GDP. The data that have been used in this paper are data from primary sources through questionnaires and data from secondary sources. The findings of this research show that the pandemic situation in 2020 has slowed down local economic growth, declined trend of tax revenues, declined trend of GDP compared to the previous periods, and other negative effects such as declined economic activity, business, and employment level.
The linkage between innovation and labour market performance: some empirical evidence from the Nordic region
Authors: Balashova Svetlana A. , Abramova Anastasia A.
Published: July 2021

It is common knowledge that innovations are the drivers of economic growth. However, the direct relationship between innovation and socio-economic performance is questionable. In the article, we examine the linkage between innovation performance, measured by the Summary innovation index, and labour market indicators in Nordic countries, being the leaders of innovation performance and welfare states at the same time. The study shows that employment is growing among people with higher education with the improvement of innovation performance. At the same time, there is a large share of unemployed among low-skilled workers, which also tends to grow. The causality test analysis between Summary Innovation Index and labour statistics by Granger test for panel data does not reveal the causal relationships.
Triad of innovative development: universities-municipalities-business in the development of territories based on cluster policy: case of France
Authors: Ponomarenko Elena
Published: July 2021

Having conducted a comparative analysis of higher education and science reforms in France and in Russia in recent years, we have concluded that with obvious progress in a number of areas of reform, the link between education and science and the implementation of their innovative results in practice is significantly more successful in France. This connection is implemented within the framework of cluster policy, the development of poles of competitiveness and technopolises. They became the basis for promoting a new economic model of development based on the knowledge economy in the early 2000s. A new impetus to the rapid development of clusters in European countries was given by the processes of digitalization, which penetrated into all spheres of activity – research, education, commercialization of ideas, production of new products. The closest connection between science (University and academic science), education (higher educational institutions, their laboratories) and the development of territories (primarily cities) with the help of digital technologies is becoming an everyday reality, the engine of social progress. The growth points that appeared in different regions, expanding within the framework of projects that were selected on a competitive basis and supported by the state, showed the successful result of a targeted policy of supporting innovation, helped to find a way to get the economies of a number of European countries out of the permanent crises of the late 90s, 2008-2009. What is the secret of the success of cluster policy in France? Which role does each of the leading players in the cluster play? Who is the coordinator, connecting link – government institutions? Universities? Research laboratories? Companies? What unites clusters, poles of competitiveness and technology parks? This article is devoted to the answers to these questions.
Maternal Effect Mutations: A Novel Cause for Human Reproductive Failure
Authors: Eggermann Thomas
Published: July 2021

Genetic alterations significantly contribute to the aetiology of reproductive failure and
comprise monogenic, chromosomal and epigenetic disturbances. The implementation of
next-generation sequencing (NGS) based approaches in research and diagnostics allows the
comprehensive analysis of these genetic causes, and the increasing detection rates of genetic
mutations causing reproductive complications confirm the potential of the new techniques.
Whereas mutations affecting the fetal genome are well known to affect pregnancies and their
outcome, the contribution of alterations of the maternal genome was widely unclear. With the
recent mainly NGS-based identification of maternal effect variants, a new cause of human
reproductive failure has been identified. Maternal effect mutations affect the expression of
subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) proteins from the maternal genome, and thereby disturb
oocyte maturation and progression of the early embryo. They cause a broad range of
reproductive failures and pregnancy complications, including infertility, miscarriages,
hydatidiform moles, aneuploidies and imprinting disturbances in the fetus. The identification
of women carrying these molecular alterations in SCMC encoding genes is therefore essential
for a personalised reproductive and genetic counselling. The diagnostic application of new
NGS-based assays allows the comprehensive analysis of these factors, and helps to further
decipher these functional links between the factors and their disturbances. A close
interdisciplinary collaboration between different disciplines is definitely required to
further decipher the complex regulation of early embryo development, and to translate the
basic research results into clinical practice.
Versorgung von Notfällen in der Kinder- und Jugendtraumatologie
Authors: Wintges Kristofer , Reinshagen Konrad , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Sommerfeldt Dirk W.
Published: July 2021

Mit zunehmendem Alter und Bewegungsradius kommt es bei der Entdeckung der Umwelt zu alterstypischen Unfällen und Verletzungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Diese führen häufig zur Vorstellung in einer pädiatrischen Notaufnahme. Neben Unfällen im Haushalt kommt es dabei am häufigsten beim Spielen auf Spielplätzen, der Sportausübung sowie im Straßenverkehr zu Verletzungen. Durch ihre anatomischen und physiologischen Unterschiede zum Erwachsenen sind Verletzungen im Kindesalter nicht immer mit denen Erwachsener zu vergleichen und benötigen daher kindgerechte Behandlungskonzepte. So muss zum Beispiel bei der Versorgung von Frakturen immer das noch ausstehende Korrekturpotenzial aufgrund der noch offenen Wachstumsfugen berücksichtigt, jedoch auch immer die Gefahr einer drohenden Wachstumsstörung bedacht werden. Neben Frakturen kommt es bei Kindern häufig zu Weichteilverletzungen vor allem am Kopf oder den Händen. Dabei reichen die Verletzungen von einfachen Rissquetsch- oder
Schnittwunden bis hin zu Teilamputationen oder (Tier-)Bisswunden sowie thermischen Verletzungen. Luxationen der großen Gelenke stellen im Kindesalter eine Rarität dar, können aber falsch behandelt zu persistierenden Bewegungseinschränkungen oder chronischer Instabilität führen. Das Polytrauma im Kindesalter sollte aufgrund der Seltenheit und einer dadurch an kleineren Häusern oft fehlenden routinierten Behandlung wenn möglich in spezialisierten kindertraumtologischen Zentren erfolgen. Bei inadäquatem Unfallmechanismus, widersprüchlicher Anamnese oder auffälligen Verletzungen muss im Kindesalter auch immer an eine Kindesmisshandlung gedacht werden.
Zum spezifischen Versorgungsbeitrag psychosozialer
Krebsberatungsstellen – Sichtweisen der Ratsuchenden und
Zuweisenden
Authors: Xyländer Margret , Bayer Oliver , Schranz Melanie , Ihrig Andreas , Flohr-Schmitt Evelyn , Besseler Markus , Bruns Gudrun , Gelse Norbert , Wünsch Alexander , Singer Susanne , Meyer Thorsten
Published: July 2021

Ziel Ziel der Studie ist es, den spezifischen Versorgungsbeitrag
von Krebsberatungsstellen (KBS) sowohl aus Sicht der Ratsuchenden wie
aus Sicht der Zuweisenden in den Blick zu nehmen.

Methodik Qualitatives Design mittels leitfadengestützter
face-to-face-Interviews mit
Krebspatient/innen/Angehörigen und telefonischer
Einzelinterviews mit Zuweisenden.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 43 Ratsuchende und 30 Zuweisende
befragt. In Bezug auf die Beratungsinhalte werden die psychoonkologische
Begleitung und Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe in Kombination mit einer
sozialrechtlichen Aufklärung über zusätzliche
Unterstützungsleistungen als zentrale Merkmale wahrgenommen. In
der Gruppe der Zuweisenden scheint jedoch eine gewisse Unsicherheit
darüber zu bestehen, was KBS leisten (können).

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf der einen Seite auf
einen spezifischen Kern des Angebots von KBS, zugleich auch auf
mehrdeutige Wahrnehmungen seitens der Befragten. Sie können zur
weiteren Profilschärfung der KBS und zur Verdeutlichung ihres
Stellenwerts in der Gesundheitsversorgung beitragen.
Cytokinin Mediated Increased In Vitro Production of Secondary Metabolites with Special Reference to Solasodine in Solanum erianthum
Authors: Sarkar Jeeta , Banerjee Nirmalya
Published: July 2021

Steroid alkaloid solasodine is a nitrogen analogue of diosgenin and has great importance in the production of steroidal medicines. Solanum erianthum D. Don (Solanaceae) is a good source of solasodine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cytokinins on the production of secondary metabolites, especially solasodine in the in vitro culture of S. erianthum. For solasodine estimation, field-grown plant parts and in vitro tissues were extracted thrice and subjected to high-performance liquid Chromatography. Quantitative analysis of different secondary metabolites showed that the amount was higher in the in vitro regenerated plantlets compared to callus and field-grown plants. The present study critically evaluates the effect of the type of cytokinin used in the culture medium on solasodine accumulation in regenerated plants. The highest solasodine content (46.78±3.23 mg g-1) was recorded in leaf extracts of the in vitro grown plantlets in the presence of 6-γ,γ-dimethylallylamino purine in the culture medium and the content was 3.8-fold higher compared to the mother plant.
Buccal mucosa graft tube urethroplasty for the treatment of bulbopenile urethral trauma accompanied with massive tissue loss due to improvised explosive device injury
Authors: Coguplugil Adem Emrah , Zor Murat , Gurdal Mesut
Published: July 2021

Urinary diversion with suprapubic cystostomy and delayed urethroplasty is recommended for the treatment of penetrating posterior urethral traumas. A devastating urethral trauma caused by a blast injury due to an improvised explosive device is an extremely rare clinical condition and treatment options are limited due to accompanying massive tissue and muscle loss. Staged urethral reconstruction using a pedicled gracilis muscle flap with a skin or buccal mucosa graft is the preferred treatment option for complex urethral traumas. In case of a devastated urethra due to an intensive explosive device injury, treatment options are limited, especially if the gracilis muscle cannot be used. We report the case of a 30-year-old male patient with a devastated bulbopenile urethra and massive local tissue and adjacent muscle loss including the gracilis muscle. The patient was successfully treated by buccal mucosa graft tube urethroplasty. Urethral stricture recurred but was successfully treated by means of endoscopy. At 24 months’ follow-up, the patient was continent and urinated normally.
Psychometrische Kennwerte einer deutschen Übersetzung des Parental Bonding Instrument
Authors: Benz Annika B. E. , Kloker Liliane Vanessa , Kuhlmann Tim , Meier Maria , Unternaehrer Eva , Bentele Ulrike U. , Dimitroff Stephanie J. , Denk Bernadette F. , Reips Ulf-Dietrich , Pruessner Jens C.
Published: July 2021

Das elterliche Erziehungsverhalten beeinflusst sowohl die Entwicklung eines Kindes als auch die Entstehung und Behandlung psychischer Störungen. Das Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI; Parker, Tupling & Brown, 1979) ist ein bekanntes Instrument zur retrospektiven Erfassung des elterlichen Erziehungsstils. Bisher existiert jedoch keine ausreichend validierte deutsche Version. Daher entwickelten wir eine sprachlich aktuelle, deutsche Übersetzung des PBI (PBI-dt) und untersuchten in einer Onlinestudie anhand einer deutschsprachigen Stichprobe (N=791) die psychometrischen Eigenschaften des PBI-dt hinsichtlich Item- und Reliabilitätskennwerten, Konstrukt- und Kriteriumsvalidität sowie der faktoriellen Struktur.

Die Analysen ergaben gute Item- und Reliabilitätskennwerte (α=0,86−0,95). Die Skalen des PBI korrelierten in den erwarteten Richtungen mit den Skalen des Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Außerdem wurden signifikante Unterschiede im berichteten elterlichen Erziehungsstil zwischen Personen mit und ohne psychische Erkrankung sowie zwischen übergewichtigen und normalgewichtigen Personen gefunden. Diese Ergebnisse weisen auf das Vorliegen von hoher Konstrukt- und Kriteriumsvalidität hin. Konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen ergaben in allen untersuchten Fitindizes eine akzeptable Modellanpassungsgüte sowohl für das 2-Faktorenmodell von Parker et al. (1979) als auch für das 3-Faktorenmodell mit den Subskalen FürsorgeFürsorgeFürsorgeFürsorgeFürsorgeFürsorge, Einschränkung der VerhaltensfreiheitEinschränkung der VerhaltensfreiheitEinschränkung der VerhaltensfreiheitEinschränkung der VerhaltensfreiheitEinschränkung der VerhaltensfreiheitEinschränkung der Verhaltensfreiheit sowie Verweigerung psychologischer AutonomieVerweigerung psychologischer AutonomieVerweigerung psychologischer AutonomieVerweigerung psychologischer AutonomieVerweigerung psychologischer AutonomieVerweigerung psychologischer Autonomie. Die Verwendung einer 3-Faktorenstruktur konnte zudem inhaltlichen Mehrwert bieten, z. B. eine bessere Differenzierung zwischen normal- und übergewichtigen Personen. Insgesamt weist die vorliegende deutsche Übersetzung des PBI somit gute psychometrische Eigenschaften auf und stellt ein reliables Messinstrument dar.
Acute Effects of Parallel Back Squat Performed in Different Set Configurations on Neuromuscular Performance
Authors: Kassiano Witalo , da Cunha Costa Manoel , de Souza Fonseca Fabiano , de Lima-Júnior Dalton , Costa Bruna , de Sousa Fortes Leonardo
Published: July 2021

We compared the acute effects of parallel back squat performed from different resistance training configurations on neuromuscular performance. Twenty-eight young adults underwent 4 experimental conditions: inter-repetition rest, traditional, traditional to failure, and rest-pause in the parallel back squat in a randomized, counterbalanced, and cross-over design. The neuromuscular performance was assessed through peak torque of knee extensors and flexors at two angular velocities (90 and 120 º/s) in three moments (before, post, and post-30 min). The peak torque of the knee extensors and flexors at 90 and 120 º/s decreased immediately after training for traditional, traditional to failure, and rest-pause (–8.1% to –17.7%, P<0.001). A greater reduction in the extensor peak torque was found at 120 º/s (P<0.05) in the rest-pause (–17.7%) when compared to traditional (–10.8%). The peak torque returned to baseline values only at post-30 min for the traditional configuration for the knee flexion action at 120 º/s. The peak torque remained similar for the muscular actions and angular velocities for the inter-repetition rest (P>0.05). Our results suggest the inter-repetition rest configuration seems to be a more appropriate strategy for maintaining the lower limb neuromuscular performance after a resistance training session.
Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPi) positive tumour fraction on PET/CT correlates with Ki-67 in liver metastases of neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Kreppel Barbara , Gonzalez-Carmona Maria Angeles , Feldmann Georg , Küppers Jim , Moon Euy Sung , Marinova Milka , Bundschuh Ralph Alexander , Kristiansen Glen , Essler Markus , Roesch Frank , Gaertner Florian Christoph
Published: July 2021

Aim Gallium-68-labelled inhibitors of the fibroblast activation protein (FAPi) enable positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of fibroblast activation. We evaluated if [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi PET/CT is related to Ki-67 as a marker of tumour aggressiveness in patients with liver metastases of NET.

Methods Thirteen patients with liver metastases of a histologically confirmed NET who underwent PET/CT with [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi, [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC were retrospectively analyzed. PET-positive liver tumour volumes were segmented for calculation of volume, SUVmax and PET-positive tumour fraction (TF). PET parameters were correlated with Ki-67.

Results FDGSUVmax correlated positively (rho = 0.543, p < 0.05) and DOTATOCSUVmax correlated negatively (rho = –0.618, p < 0.05) with Ki-67, the correlation coefficients were in the moderate range. There was no significant correlation between FAPiSUVmax and Ki-67 (rho = 0.382, p > 0.05). FAPiTF correlated positively (rho = 0.770, p < 0.01) and DOTATOCTF correlated negatively (rho = –0.828, p < 0.01) with Ki-67, both significantly with high correlation coefficients. FDGTF also correlated significantly with Ki-67, with a moderate correlation coefficient (rho = 0.524, p < 0.05). The ratio FAPiVOL:DOTATOCVOL showed a significant and strong correlation with Ki-67 (rho = 0.808, p < 0.01).

Conclusion The ratio FAPiVOL:DOTATOCVOL might serve as a clinical parameter for the assessment of dedifferentiation and aggressiveness of liver metastases in patients with NET. [68Ga]Ga-DATA5m.SA.FAPi might hold potential for identification of high-risk patients. Further studies are warranted to evaluate its prognostic significance in comparison to [18F]FDG in patients with NET.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-4 Expression in Pituitary Adenomas is Associated with Aggressive Tumor Features
Authors: Durcan Emre , Keskin Fatma Ela , Ozkaya Hande Mefkure , Sirolu Sabri , Sahin Serdar , Korkmaz Ozge Polat , Gazioglu Nurperi , Tanriover Necmettin , Comunoglu Nil , Oz Buge , Kizilkilic Osman , Kadioglu Pinar
Published: July 2021

Purpose To investigate the relationship of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-4 (FGFR-4) expression with radiologic, pathologic, and clinical parameters in pituitary adenomas.

Methods Among 307 patients who underwent pituitary surgery for a pituitary adenoma between 2000 and 2015, we included 161 patients (53 gonadotroph, 26 corticotroph, 25 null cell, 22 lactotroph, 13 somatotroph, 8 adenomas with unusual combination, 7 Pit-1 positive adenomas, and 7 lactosomatotroph) based on availability of pathology specimens. Patients’ radiologic, pathologic, and clinical parameters were determined. FGFR-4 immunostaining was evaluated using a semi-quantitative histologic score (H-score).

Results The mean follow-up period was 61 (IQR=32–84) months. The median H-scores for FGFR-4 were higher in patients without remission, those with residual lesion, and T2-hyperintense adenoma (p<0.05). Ki-67 level was higher in patients without remission compared to those in remission (p<0.05). The mean Ki-67 levels did not differ between patients with and without residual lesion or T2-hyperintense tumor (p>0.05). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) when the H-score and Ki-67 levels were assessed in terms of sex, sellar-dural invasion, Knosp and a grading system for superior, inferior, parasellar, anterior and posterior tumor extension Classification, tumor function or presence of poor subtype. Adenomas with Ki-67 expression ≥3% had higher FGFR4 expression levels than those with <3% expression (p=0.002). There was a weak positive correlation between H-score and Ki-67 (p=0.011; r=0.201).

Conclusions Higher levels of FGFR-4 in pituitary adenomas could be use a marker for more aggressive tumor behavior.
Fluorine-Retentive Strategies for the Functionalization of gem-Difluoroalkenes
Authors: Altman Ryan A. , Sorrentino Jacob P.
Published: July 2021

gem-Difluoroalkenes are readily available fluorinated building blocks, and the fluorine-induced electronic perturbations of the alkenes enable a wide array of selective functionalization reactions. However, many reactions of gem-difluoroalkenes result in a net C–F functionalization to generate monofluorovinyl products or addition of F to generate trifluoromethyl-containing products. In contrast, fluorine-retentive strategies for the functionalization of gem-difluoroalkenes remain less generally developed and is now becoming a rapidly developing area. This review will present the development of fluorine-retentive strategies including electrophilic, nucleophilic, radical, and transition metal catalytic strategies with an emphasis on key physical organic and mechanistic aspects that enable reactivities.

1 Introduction

2 Two-Electron Processes

2.1 Elimination of Allyl Groups

2.2 Electrophilic Addition

2.3 Halonium and Thiiranium Intermediates

2.4 Kinetic Quench of Anionic Intermediates

2.5 Concerted Cycloadditions

3 Radical Processes

3.1 Thermal Activation

3.2 Photoactivation

3.3 Transition-Metal-Mediated

4 Reductions

5 Cross-Coupling Reactions

6 Conclusions
Decline in Overall Pulmonary Embolism-Related Mortality and Increasing Prevalence of Cancer-Associated Events in the Veneto Region (Italy), 2008–2019
Authors: Valerio Luca , Fedeli Ugo , Schievano Elena , Avossa Francesco , Barco Stefano
Published: July 2021

Background Despite evidence of ongoing epidemiological changes in deaths from venous thromboembolism in high-income countries, little recent information is available on the time trends in mortality related to pulmonary embolism (PE) as underlying or concomitant cause of death in Europe.

Methods We accessed the regional database of death certificates of Veneto Region (Northern Italy, population 4,900,000) from 2008 to 2019. We analyzed the trends in crude and age-adjusted annual rates of mortality related to PE (reported either as underlying cause or in any position in the death certificate) using Joinpoint regression; in the contribution of PE to mortality (proportionate mortality); and, using logistic regression, in the association between PE and cancer at death.

Results Between 2008 and 2019, the annual age-standardized mortality rate related to PE in Veneto decreased from 20.7 to 12.6 deaths per 100,000 population for PE in any position of the death certificate, and from 4.6 to 2.2 deaths per 100,000 population for PE as underlying cause of death. PE-related proportionate mortality remained up to twice as high in women. The age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio for cancer in deaths with versus without PE constantly increased from 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.88–1.16) in 2008 to 1.58 (95% CI: 1.35–1.83) in 2019.

Conclusion The descending trends in PE-related mortality reported for Europe up to 2015 for both sexes continued thereafter in this high-income region of Northern Italy. However, sex differences in proportionate mortality persist. The increasing strength in the association between cancer and PE may indicate a change in risk factor distribution, calling for tailored management practices in this patient group.
Synthetic Applications of Monofluoromethylsulfonium Salts
Authors: Veliks Janis , Melngaile Renate
Published: July 2021

Monofluoromethylsulfonium salts are emerging reagents for the fluoromethylation and fluoromethylenation or fluoromethylene transfer. Using this type of reagent is a simple approach for the introduction of the fluoromethyl group into a wide range of nucleophiles using mild basic conditions. Recently, fluoromethylsulfonium salts have been demonstrated to act as a synthetic equivalent for the challenging fluoromethylene synthon. For instance, these reagents can be used for the direct synthesis of monofluoroepoxides and fluorocyclopropanes from activated alkenes via a sulfur fluoromethylide intermediate. Sulfonium salts are an alternative, easy-to-handle option to volatile and environmentally concerning freons for achieving monofluorinated compounds. This review focuses on synthetic application of these reagents known to date.

1 Introduction

2 Fluoromethylation of O-, N-, S-, P-, and C-Nucleophiles

3 Sulfonium Salts for Radical Monofluoromethylation of Alkenes

4 Sulfonium Salts for Fluoromethylene Transfer

5 Conclusions
Organophosphane-Catalyzed Construction of Functionalized 2-Ylideneoxindoles via Direct β-Acylation
Authors: Lin Wenwei , Jeng Wey-Chyng , Chien Po-Chung , Vagh Sandip Sambhaji , Edukondalu Athukuri
Published: July 2021

We report an efficient method for the direct β-acylation of 2-ylideneoxindoles with acyl chlorides that is catalyzed by organophosphanes in the presence of base. A variety of functionalized 2-ylideneoxindoles were prepared in moderate to good yields under mild, metal-free conditions via a tandem phospha-Michael/O-acylation/intramolecular cyclization/rearrangement sequence. Mechanistic investigations revealed that C–O bond cleavage on a possible betaine intermediate is the key step for the installation of the keto-functionality at the β-position of 2-ylideneoxindoles in a highly stereospecific manner. The synthetic utility of this protocol could also be proven by a scale-up reaction and synthetic transformations of the products.
Efficient Construction of (±)-epi-Costunolide through a Chromium(II)-Mediated Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi Reaction
Authors: Hu Lihong , Zhang Yinan , Dai Weichen , Zheng Jie , Yan Xinyu , Tang Wei
Published: July 2021

(±)-epi-Costunolide has been synthesized through a seven-step procedure starting from (E,E)-farnesol. The key step includes an intramolecular allylation of an aldehyde through a chromium(II)-mediated Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction, in which more than one equivalent of CrCl2 has been recognized as the most effective reagent to promote the conversion. An anti-inflammatory screen showed that epi-costunolide is a moderate inhibitor of B lymphocyte proliferation.
Unilateral Sinonasal Opacifications: A Histo-Radiological Correlation
Authors: Oukessou Youssef , Elbouhmadi Khadija , Rouadi Sami , Abada Reda , Roubal Mohamed , Mahtar Mohamed
Published: July 2021

Various pathological entities may manifest on imaging as unilateral or bilateral nasal and/or sinus opacity. The vast majority is represented by inflammatory pathologies, tumors are rare, but they are dominated mainly by benign tumors. Malignant diseases are uncommon, accounting for 3% of tumors of the head and neck. Advances in imaging using preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have been significantly marked in the diagnostic approach to sinonasal pathologies. Surgical modalities are influenced by preoperative knowledge of the nature and topography of the tumor. The aim of this work is to describe the clinical, radiological, and anatomopathological characteristics of sinonasal pathologies expressed by unilateral sinonasal opacity in imaging, to identify the clinicoradiological variables likely to predict malignancy, and to make a correlation between the radiological images and the anatomopathological result.