bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anthropometric measurement standardization in the US‐affiliated pacific: Report from the Children's Healthy Living Program
Authors: Li Fenfang , Wilkens Lynne R. , Novotny Rachel , Fialkowski Marie K. , Paulino Yvette C. , Nelson Randall , Bersamin Andrea , Martin Ursula , Deenik Jonathan , Boushey Carol J.
Published: October 2015

Objectives

Anthropometric standardization is essential to obtain reliable and comparable data from different geographical regions. The purpose of this study is to describe anthropometric standardization procedures and findings from the Children's Healthy Living (CHL) Program, a study on childhood obesity in 11 jurisdictions in the US‐Affiliated Pacific Region, including Alaska and Hawai‘i.

Methods

Zerfas criteria were used to compare the measurement components (height, waist, and weight) between each trainee and a single expert anthropometrist. In addition, intra‐ and inter‐rater technical error of measurement (TEM), coefficient of reliability, and average bias relative to the expert were computed.

Results

From September 2012 to December 2014, 79 trainees participated in at least 1 of 29 standardization sessions. A total of 49 trainees passed either standard or alternate Zerfas criteria and were qualified to assess all three measurements in the field. Standard Zerfas criteria were difficult to achieve: only 2 of 79 trainees passed at their first training session. Intra‐rater TEM estimates for the 49 trainees compared well with the expert anthropometrist. Average biases were within acceptable limits of deviation from the expert. Coefficient of reliability was above 99% for all three anthropometric components.

Conclusions

Standardization based on comparison with a single expert ensured the comparability of measurements from the 49 trainees who passed the criteria. The anthropometric standardization process and protocols followed by CHL resulted in 49 standardized field anthropometrists and have helped build capacity in the health workforce in the Pacific Region. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:364–371, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FTO polymorphism, cardiorespiratory fitness, and obesity in Brazilian youth
Authors: Reuter Cézane Priscila , Rosane De Moura Valim Andréia , Gaya Anelise Reis , Borges Tássia Silvana , Klinger Elisa Inês , Possuelo Lia Gonçalves , Franke Silvia Isabel Rech , Kmetzsch Lívia , Vainstein Marilene Henning , Prá Daniel , Burgos Miria Suzana
Published: October 2015

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the rs9939609 fat mass and obesity‐associated (FTO) polymorphism and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with overweight/obesity outcomes in youth.

Methods

This study included 420 youths, comprising 211 boys and 209 girls aged 7–17. Overweight/obesity were evaluated by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and the percentage of fat (PF) according to two skinfold thickness measurements. Genotyping of the rs9939609 polymorphism was conducted using real‐time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) utilizing TaqMan® probes, and CRF was evaluated through a 9‐minute run/walk test, categorized as fit or unfit. Logistic regression was utilized to evaluate a possible association between the polymorphism and CRF, with three obesity indicators evaluated.

Results

Individuals with the genotype risk (AA) of FTO polymorphism rs9939609 showed higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, as evaluated by BMI (OR: 3.21; CI: 1.71–6.05), WC (OR: 2.59; CI: 1.35–4.97), and PF (OR: 2.59; CI: 1.36–4.92). Additionally, students with the AA genotype in the unfit model had a significant odds ratio for obesity (OR: 4.40; CI: 1.83–10.61 for BMI; OR: 3.54; CI: 1.58–7.96 for WC), whereas we did not observe associations between the AA genotype with BMI and WC using the fit model. Conversely, PF was associated with the AA genotype only in the fit model (OR: 3.24; CI: 1.26–8.34).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that the rs9939609 (FTO) polymorphism showed a relationship with obesity in the population studied and an interaction with CRF. Students with low levels of CRF and the AA genotype have a higher risk of being overweight/obese. This association was not found in students with higher levels of CRF. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:381–386, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dirigierende Proteine aus Baumwolle (Gossypium sp.) für die atropselektive Synthese von Gossypol
Authors: Effenberger Isabelle , Zhang Bin , Li Ling , Wang Qiang , Liu Yuxiu , Klaiber Iris , Pfannstiel Jens , Wang Qingmin , Schaller Andreas
Published: October 2015

Gossypol dient der Abwehr von Schädlingen und Pathogenen in Baumwollpflanzen. Seine Biosynthese umfasst die oxidative Kupplung von Hemigossypol, die zu zwei Atropisomeren führt. In vivo dominiert (+)‐Gossypol, was auf eine stereochemisch kontrollierte Biosynthese schließen lässt. Ziel dieser Studie waren die Identifizierung der Faktoren für die Bildung von (+)‐Gossypol sowie die Untersuchung ihres Potenzials für die Synthese asymmetrischer Biaryle. Die Kupplung von Hemigossypol mit Laccase und O2 als Oxidationsmittel in Gegenwart eines dirigierenden Proteins (DIR) von Gossypium hirsutum (GhDIR4) verläuft atropselektiv. (+)‐Gossypol wurde mit >80 % ee erhalten, während in Abwesenheit von GhDIR4 nur racemisches Gossypol entstand. Die Identifizierung von GhDIR4 unterstreicht die Bedeutung von DIRs im Sekundärstoffwechsel von Pflanzen und könnte ein erster Schritt zur Entwicklung von DIRs für die Synthese axial‐chiraler Binaphthyle sein.
A Photoactivatable Platinum(IV) Complex Targeting Genomic DNA and Histone Deacetylases
Authors: Kasparkova Jana , Kostrhunova Hana , Novakova Olga , Křikavová Radka , Vančo Ján , Trávníček Zdeněk , Brabec Viktor
Published: October 2015

We report toxic effects of a photoactivatable platinum(IV) complex conjugated with suberoyl‐bis‐hydroxamic acid in tumor cells. The conjugate exerts, after photoactivation, two functions: activity as both a platinum(II) anticancer drug and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor in cancer cells. This approach relies on the use of a PtIV pro‐drug, acting by two independent mechanisms of biological action in a cooperative manner, which can be selectively photoactivated to a cytotoxic species in and around a tumor, thereby increasing selectivity towards cancer cells. These results suggest that this strategy is a valuable route to design new platinum agents with higher efficacy for photodynamic anticancer chemotherapy.
Post‐Synthetic Anisotropic Wet‐Chemical Etching of Colloidal Sodalite ZIF Crystals
Authors: Avci Civan , Ariñez‐Soriano Javier , Carné‐Sánchez Arnau , Guillerm Vincent , Carbonell Carlos , Imaz Inhar , Maspoch Daniel
Published: October 2015

Controlling the shape of metal–organic framework (MOF) crystals is important for understanding their crystallization and useful for myriad applications. However, despite the many advances in shaping of inorganic nanoparticles, post‐synthetic shape control of MOFs and, in general, molecular crystals remains embryonic. Herein, we report using a simple wet‐chemistry process at room temperature to control the anisotropic etching of colloidal ZIF‐8 and ZIF‐67 crystals. Our work enables uniform reshaping of these porous materials into unprecedented morphologies, including cubic and tetrahedral crystals, and even hollow boxes, by an acid–base reaction and subsequent sequestration of leached metal ions. Etching tests on these ZIFs reveal that etching occurs preferentially in the crystallographic directions richer in metal–ligand bonds; that, along these directions, the etching rate tends to be faster on the crystal surfaces of higher dimensionality; and that the etching can be modulated by adjusting the pH of the etchant solution.
A Graphene Fibriform Responsor for Sensing Heat, Humidity, and Mechanical Changes
Authors: Zhao Fei , Zhao Yang , Cheng Huhu , Qu Liangti
Published: October 2015

Controllable and sensitive perception of environmental changes is essential for the development of smart material and device systems. Herein, a multi‐stimuli sensitive responsor has been fabricated on the base of the established double‐helix core‐sheath graphene‐based microfibers (GFs). By combining the tunable conductivity and mechanical robustness of GF coated with graphitic carbon nitride (GF@GCN), a fibriform smart environmental responsor (SER) is prepared by water‐assisted GFs‐twisting strategy, which can accordingly present conductive state‐dependent current responses upon exposure to a variety of stimuli. More importantly, this SER exhibits high current response to small perturbations induced by temperature variations, mechanical interactions, and relative humidity changes, thereby achieving an environmental perceptibility. Based on this finding, a multi‐functional respiratory monitor has been built under the stimuli of the human breath.
Dummy template molecularly imprinted polymer for omeprazole and the study of its drug binding and release properties
Authors: Tabassi Sayyed Abolghasem Sajadi , Hashemi Seyedeh Vida , Mohajeri Seyed Ahmad
Published: October 2015

In this study, we tried to prepare an omeprazole (OMP)‐imprinted polymer and study its binding and release properties in an aqueous media. Because of the instability of OMP under polymerization conditions and the inability of the molecule to form effective interactions with monomers, pantoprazole (PANTO) was used as a dummy template for the imprinting process. Different monomers and solvents were evaluated in polymerization. The optimized imprinted polymer was prepared in chloroform as a porogen. Also, 4‐vinylpyridine and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate were selected as a functional monomer and a crosslinker, respectively. The optimized imprinted polymer was evaluated in a binding study. The binding and release properties of the polymer were then investigated at different pHs. Our data indicated a higher affinity of the imprinted polymer to PANTO and OMP than that of nonimprinted polymer (NIP). The maximum percentage of OMP released from the imprinted polymer was 36–41%, whereas that for the NIP was 74–85%. These data were related to the 38–43 and 29–34 μg of OMP released from the imprinted polymer and NIP, respectively. Also, the protective effect of the imprinted polymer for OMP at pH 2 was greater than that of the nonimprinted one. This study revealed that the dummy template molecular imprinting was an effective method for preparing selective imprinted cavities in a polymeric matrix, especially for the molecules that were unstable during polymerization or unable to establish effective bonds with the monomers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4165–4170, 2013
Photopolymerizable bisallylcarbonate and bisacrylic monomers useful in the formulation of dental composite resins and in the crosslinking of methyl methacrylate
Authors: María Herrera‐González Ana , Cuevas‐Suárez Carlos Enrique , Caldera‐Villalobos Martín , Pérez‐Mondragón Alma Antonia
Published: October 2015

Two new bisallylic monomers [allyl p‐allyl carbonate benzoate (ApACBz) and 1,4‐phenylenbis(methylene)diallyl carbonate (1,4‐FMDAC)] and one bisacrylic monomer [1,4‐bis(acryloyloxymethyl)benzene (1,4‐BAMB)] were synthesized and used as crosslinking agents of methyl methacrylate (MMA) at different mass ratios (10, 20, 40, and 50%). All of the obtained copolymers showed improved thermal stability in comparison with that of the MMA homopolymer. Also, ApACBz and 1,4‐FMDAC were used as bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (Bis‐GMA) eluents to prepare dental resin composites. When compared to the control, the Bis‐GMA–new eluent composites had a higher double‐bond conversion, a higher solubility (p < 0.05) and a lower flexural strength (p < 0.05), whereas the elastic modulus and water sorption values were not statistically different (p > 0.05). The 1,4‐FMDAC and ApACBz monomers are promising eluents of Bis‐GMA for the preparation of dental composites with high degrees of conversion. In addition, the ApACBz, 1,4‐FMDAC, and 1,4‐BAMB monomers are potentially useful crosslinking agents when polymer networks of poly(methyl methacrylate) with a high thermal stability are desired. The application‐oriented tests of the monomers in dental composite formulations showed a sufficient storage stability, high photocuring activity, excellent crosslinking of MMA, and good thermal and mechanical properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42920.
Pullulan: A versatile coating agent for superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Coseri Sergiu , Spatareanu Alina , Sacarescu Liviu , Socoliuc Vlad , Sorin Stratulat Ioan , Harabagiu Valeria
Published: October 2015

Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles coated by biocompatible pullulan (Pu‐USPIO) with sizes below 10 nm and having a magnetite core and a hydrophilic outer shell of pullulan were prepared. The formed Pu‐USPIOs were thoroughly characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering experiments. The content of magnetic nanoparticles embedded into the pullulan matrix was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Vibrating sample magnetometry analysis was used to evaluate the magnetic properties of the Pu‐USPIO samples. Because of the presence of pullulan, these nanoparticles could be conditioned in many versatile forms, from a clear solution to magnetic films, for potential applications, including magnetic hyperthermia mediators. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42926.
Miscible raw lignin/nylon 6 blends: Thermal and mechanical performances
Authors: Sallem‐Idrissi Naïma , Sclavons Michel , Debecker Damien P , Devaux Jacques
Published: October 2015

Environmentally friendly bio‐filled composites of various proportions of polyamide 6 (PA6) and technical lignin have been prepared using a twin‐screw extruder. Transmission electron microscopy has been used to investigate the morphology of the composites. It reveals homogeneous single phase system, indicating the miscibility of PA6 and lignin. The glass transition temperature of the blends, determined by DMA, was shifted systematically to higher temperature with increasing concentration of lignin which highlights the miscibility of both components. In addition, Fourier Transform Infrared analyses have shown that new specific hydrogen‐bonding interactions are formed between hydroxyl groups of lignin and amine groups of the PA6. The presence of these intermolecular interactions between PA6 and lignin strongly influenced the thermal stability of the blends by lowering the onset of the blend's degradation process. However, the blends exhibit good mechanical properties whatever the lignin content. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42963.
Elemental abundance analyses with DAO spectrograms: XXXII. HR 6455 (A3 III), δ Aqr (A3 V), η Lep (F2 V), and 1 Boo (A1 V)
Authors: Yüce K. , Adelman S.J. , Gulliver A.F. , Hill G.
Published: October 2015

We examine the sharp‐lined stars HR 6455 (A3 III, v sin i = 8.7 km s–1) and η Lep (F2 V, v sin i = 13.5 km s–1) as well as δ Aqr (A3 V, v sin i = 81 km s–1) and 1 Boo (A1 V, v sin i = 59 km s–1) to increase the number consistently analyzed A and F stars using high dispersion and high S/N (≥200) spectrograms obtained with CCD detectors at the long Coudé camera of the 1.22‐m telescope of the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory. Such studies contribute to understanding systematic abundance differences between normal and non‐magnetic main‐sequence band chemically peculiar A and early F stars. LTE fine analyses of HR 6455, δ Aqr, and 1 Boo using Kurucz's ATLAS suite programs show the same general elemental abundance trends with differences in the metal richness. Light and iron‐peak element abundances are generally solar or overabundant while heavy element and rare earth element abundances are overabundant. HR 6455 is an evolved Am star while δ Aqr and 1 Boo show the phenomenon to different extents. Most derived abundances of η Lep are solar (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New designs of survey telescopes
Authors: Terebizh V.Yu.
Published: October 2015

The immediate goal of modern observational astronomy is to monitor continuously the position and brightness of all objects in the sky brighter than ∼24th magnitude. This review describes wide‐field telescopes designed for this task – both existing and planned. Many systems are described for the first time (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Extraction of clavulanic acid using aqueous two‐phase micellar system
Authors: Guedes de Andrade Evelyn , de Siqueira Cardoso Silva Marcela , Brandão Haga Raquel , Carvalho Santos Valéria , Pessoa Adalberto , Rangel‐Yagui Carlota de O.
Published: October 2015

An investigation of clavulanic acid behavior in an aqueous two‐phase micellar system employing the surfactants n‐decyltetraethylene oxide (C10E4) and dodecyldimethylamine oxide (DDAO) was carried out. According to the results, clavulanic acid partitions evenly between the two phases of DDAO micellar system, mixed DDAO–C10E4 micellar system, as well as C10E4 micellar system. Therefore, electrostatic interactions between positively charged DDAO‐containing micelles and negatively charged drug were not strong enough to influence the partitioning. Nevertheless, clavulanic acid extraction from Streptomyces clavuligerus fermentation broth in C10E4 micellar system employing a previous protein denaturation step provided recovery of 52% clavulanic acid with removal of 70% of the contaminant proteins, which is already promising as a purification strategy.
Development and Validation of the Scientific Reasoning Scale
Authors: Drummond Caitlin , Fischhoff Baruch
Published: October 2015

Scientific findings and innovations play an important role in a range of decisions faced by nonscientists, yet little is known about the skills that nonscientists need in order to read and evaluate scientific evidence. Drawing on research in public understanding of science, cognitive developmental psychology, and behavioral decision research, we develop an individual difference measure of scientific reasoning skills, defined as the skills needed to evaluate scientific findings in terms of the factors that determine their quality. We present the results of three studies assessing its psychometric validity. Our results indicate that the Scientific Reasoning Scale (SRS) is internally consistent and distinct from extant measures of scientific literacy. Participants with higher SRS scores are more likely to have beliefs consistent with the scientific consensus on potentially contentious issues, above and beyond education, political and religious beliefs, and scores on two widely used measures of scientific literacy. Participants with higher SRS scores also had better performance on a task requiring them to analyze scientific information. Our results suggest that the SRS provides a theoretically informed contribution to decoding lay responses to scientific results and controversies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent advances in heart regeneration
Authors: Xiong Jing‐Wei , Chang Nan‐Nan
Published: October 2015

Although cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and tissue engineering are very promising for cardiac regenerative medicine, studies with model organisms for heart regeneration will provide alternative therapeutic targets and opportunities. Here, we present a review on heart regeneration, with a particular focus on the most recent work in mouse and zebrafish. We attempt to summarize the recent progresses and bottlenecks of CSCs and tissue engineering for heart regeneration; and emphasize what we have learned from mouse and zebrafish regenerative models on discovering crucial genetic and epigenetic factors for stimulating heart regeneration; and speculate the potential application of these regenerative factors for heart failure. A brief perspective highlights several important and promising research directions in this exciting field. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 99:160–169, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enzymatic protein switches built from paralogous input domains
Authors: Tullman Jennifer , Nicholes Nathan , Dumont Matt R. , Ribeiro Lucas F. , Ostermeier Marc
Published: October 2015

Protein switches have a variety of potential applications in biotechnology and medicine that motivate efforts to accelerate their development. Switches can be built by the proper fusion of two proteins with the prerequisite input and output functions. However, the exact fusion geometry for switch creation, which typically involves insertion of one protein domain into the other, is difficult to predict. Based on our previous work developing protein switches using periplasmic binding proteins as input domains, we wondered whether there are “hot spots” for insertion of output domains and successful switch creation within this class of proteins. Here we describe directed evolution experiments that identified switches in which TEM‐1 beta‐lactamase (BLA) is inserted into the class I periplasmic binding proteins ribose binding protein (RBP), glucose binding protein (GBP), and xylose binding protein (XBP). Although some overlap in sites for successful switch insertion could be found among the paralogs, successful switches at these sites required different linkers between the domains and different circular permutations of the BLA protein. Our data suggests that sites for successful switch creation are not easily transferable between paralogs. Furthermore, by comparison to a previous study in which switches were created by inserting a xylanase into XBP, we find no correlation between insertion sites when using two different output domains. We conclude that the switch property likely depends on the precise molecular details of the fusions and cannot be easily predicted from some overall general structural property of the fusion topology. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 852–858. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zu wenig Falten in den Mitochondrien machen alt
Authors: Brennicke Axel
Published: October 2015

Mit zunehmendem Alter lässt unsere Energie langsam nach. Dies spiegelt sich in der Energieversorgung der Zellen, die von den Mitochondrien geleistet wird, wider. In der DNA dieser Organellen nehmen Mutationen zu und die Fähigkeit, ATP zu produzieren, nimmt ab. Neue Untersuchungen zeigen bei Pilzen, dass sich die internen Faltungen der Mitochondrienmembranen mit zunehmendem Alter verändern. Die internen Membranen der Mitochondrien werden im Alter instabiler und produzieren schließlich Signale für das Absterben der gesamten Zelle.
Gedanken über die Intelligenz von Tieren
Authors: Thaler Ellen
Published: October 2015

Um den Begriff “Tierliche Intelligenz” klar zu definieren, bemüht man sich, zunächst einen Zugang zu unterschiedlichen Lernformen von Habituation über Spielverhalten bis hin zu Lernen durch Einsicht und Prägung zu finden. An einigen Beispielen wird versucht, Tier‐Intelligenz aus menschlicher Sicht zu erklären und den Unterschied von “Können” im Sinne von genetischer Vorgabe von “intelligentem” Verhalten zu unterscheiden. Das Tier ist fähig, manche Verhaltensweisen ohne “Manipulation” frei zu erfinden.
Baby‐Boom auf der Helgoländer Düne
Authors: Petrischak Hannes
Published: October 2015

Im Winterhalbjahr bietet die Düne, Helgolands kleine Nachbarinsel, eines der faszinierendsten Naturschauspiele Europas: Kegelrobben bringen hier ab Mitte November ihre Jungen zur Welt und gewähren aus nächster Nähe Einblicke in ihr Familienleben.
Mesohepatectomy for centrally located liver tumours
Authors: Qiu J , Wu H , Bai Y , Xu Y , Zhou J , Yuan H , Chen S , He Z , Zeng Y
Published: October 2015

Background

Mesohepatectomy (MH) avoids unnecessary sacrifice of functional parenchyma compared with extended hepatectomy (EH). The aim of this study was to compare the results of MH with those of EH in the management of centrally located liver tumours (CLLTs).

Methods

All patients with CLLTs treated by liver resection between 2005 and 2011 were enrolled in this retrospective study. The decision to use MH or EH was made on an individual basis. Outcomes of the procedures were compared and a classification system for MH was devised consisting of four types, with type IV representing the most complex procedure.

Results

MH was performed in 292 patients and EH in 138. MH was associated with a longer duration of operation (P < 0·001), higher intraoperative transfusion rate (P < 0·001) and lower complication rates (P = 0·001) compared with EH. There were no significant differences in hepatic inflow occlusion rate (P = 0·075), blood loss (P = 0·241) and length of hospital stay (P = 0·804) between the two groups. Type IV lesions had the longest duration of operation, greatest blood loss, and highest intraoperative transfusion and morbidity rates (all P < 0·050).

Conclusion

MH is a feasible and safe alternative to EH in selected patients with CLLTs. The proposed classification system may be useful in guiding the surgical treatment of CLLTs.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Selenium‐incorporated Aminopyridazines as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Kim Chaewon , Kim Saet‐Byeul , Jung Joohee , Park Myung‐Sook
Published: October 2015

A new series of 3‐alkylseleno‐6‐alkylaminopyridazines, 3‐alkylseleno‐6‐alkyliminopyridazines, and 3‐alkylseleno‐6‐dialkylaminopyridazines was synthesized from 3,6‐dichloropyridazine for development of new anticancer agents. The process involves the selenylation, Se‐alkylation, and aralkylamination (or imination). The alkylamines such as ethylamine and the dialkylamines such as dipropylamine were introduced into the 3‐position of the pyridazine ring. These new compounds showed antiproliferative activities against breast cancer (MCF‐7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B) cells in CCK‐8 assays and could be promising candidates for chemotherapy of carcinomas.
Seeding a field: The growth of bibliometrics through co‐authorship ties
Authors: Zoss Angela
Published: October 2015

Editor's Summary

A series of bibliometrics‐based visualizations illustrate the contributions of five preeminent researchers in information science. With data drawn from the Web of Science, the views reflect a total of 1,993 publications by Christine Borgman, Blaise Cronin, Eugene Garfield, Katherine McCain and Howard White spread across seven time periods between 1955 and 2012. Contributions by the authors rose over time as they became active in the field and collaborated with others. The visualizations reveal the temporary nature of some co‐authorship linkages while others were reinforced over time. Trends in the strength of author citations varied. The later time slices show the dynamic connections among the five authors studied, revealing the prominent and influential role played by Garfield and his collaborators through the years.
The subdiaphragmatic part of the phrenic nerve – morphometry and connections to autonomic ganglia
Authors: Loukas Marios , Du Plessis Maira , Louis Robert G. , Tubbs R. Shane , Wartmann Christopher T. , Apaydin Nihal
Published: October 2015

Few anatomical textbooks offer much information concerning the anatomy and distribution of the phrenic nerve inferior to the diaphragm. The aim of this study was to identify the subdiaphragmatic distribution of the phrenic nerve, the presence of phrenic ganglia, and possible connections to the celiac plexus. One hundred and thirty formalin‐fixed adult cadavers were studied. The right phrenic nerve was found inferior to the diaphragm in 98% with 49.1% displaying a right phrenic ganglion. In 22.8% there was an additional smaller ganglion (right accessory phrenic ganglion). The remaining 50.9% had no grossly identifiable right phrenic ganglion. Most (65.5% of specimens) exhibited plexiform communications with the celiac ganglion, aorticorenal ganglion, and suprarenal gland. The left phrenic nerve inferior to the diaphragm was observed in 60% of specimens with 19% containing a left phrenic ganglion. No accessory left phrenic ganglia were observed. The left phrenic ganglion exhibited plexiform communications to several ganglia in 71.4% of specimens. Histologically, the right phrenic and left phrenic ganglia contained large soma concentrated in their peripheries. Both phrenic nerves and ganglia were closely related to the diaphragmatic crura. Surgically, sutures to approximate the crura for repair of hiatal hernias must be placed above the ganglia in order to avoid iatrogenic injuries to the autonomic supply to the diaphragm and abdomen. These findings could also provide a better understanding of the anatomy and distribution of the fibers of that autonomic supply. Clin. Anat. 29:120–128, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structured professional judgement and sequential redirections
Authors: Haque Quazi , Webster Christopher D.
Published: October 2015

Background

Findings from violence risk assessment prediction‐outcome studies suggest that there is no overall ‘standout’ scheme.

Aim

This paper aims to highlight that even greater attention is now required on intervention‐focused research.

Methods

Recent advances in the development of structured professional judgement schemes, such as the Historical, Clinical, Risk Management‐20 (Version 3), are considered when applied to the tasks of refining individual case formulation and risk management planning. The paper also considers social science research relevant to improving interventions aimed at preventing violence and related risks.

Results

A sequential redirection treatment model is proposed on the basis of our limited understanding of how interventions ‘work’ when applied to mentally disordered offenders.

Conclusions and implications for practice

Future developments in violence‐reduction interventions will require improved integration between the worlds of research and clinical practice. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Innovative resource utilization to fashion individualized covered stents in the setting of aortic coarctation
Authors: Kenny Damien , Cao Qi‐Ling , Kavinsky Clifford , Hijazi Ziyad M.
Published: October 2015

Objectives: We describe our experience with self‐fabricated covered stents in the setting of coarctation of the aorta (CoA). Background: Balloon‐expandable covered stents are increasingly being utilized to treat CoA in older children and adults. These stents however, are not available in the United States limiting the interventionalist's ability to treat this condition safely and effectively. Methods: Retrospective analysis and follow‐up data review of our complete experience with self‐fabricated covered stents for CoA. Stents were fashioned by suturing an appropriate length of tubular polytetraflouroethylene to a bare metal stent and deploying this stent across the coarctation in a standardized fashion. Results: Over a 9‐year period we implanted 53 balloon‐expandable stents in 49 patients with CoA. Of these 13 were self‐fabricated covered stents deployed in 13 patients (7 male). Median age at implantation was 25.4 years (range, 8.7–49.5 years) with median weight of 65.5 kg (range, 28–168 kg). Indications for stent placement were native coarctation/aortic atresia (n = 9), aneurysm formation (n = 3), and re‐coarctation (n = 1). The median systolic pressure gradient across the coarctation of 33 mm Hg (range, 12–69 mm Hg) was reduced to 3 mm Hg (range, 0–19 mm Hg) post procedure (P < 0.001). There were no deaths on median follow‐up of 44 months (range, 1–83 months). One patient developed acute contained extravasation at implantation, treated with a self‐expanding stent graft. Another patient required thrombectomy for femoral arterial thrombosis. Conclusions: Innovative application of available materials adds to the armamentarium of the interventionalist. Our self‐fabricated covered stent provides effective gradient reduction with no compromise in stent delivery or durability on follow‐up. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluorescent Coumarin–Artemisinin Conjugates as Mitochondria‐Targeting Theranostic Probes for Enhanced Anticancer Activities
Authors: Zhang Xu , Ba Qian , Gu Zhanni , Guo Diliang , Zhou Yu , Xu Yungen , Wang Hui , Ye Deju , Liu Hong
Published: October 2015

Mitochondria‐targeting theranostic probes that enable the simultaneously reporting of and triggering of mitochondrial dysfunctions in cancer cells are highly attractive for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Three fluorescent mitochondria‐targeting theranostic probes have been developed by linking a mitochondrial dye, coumarin‐3‐carboximide, with a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, artemisinin, to kill cancer cells. Fluorescence images showed that the designed coumarin–artemisinin conjugates localized mainly in mitochondria, leading to enhanced anticancer activities over artemisinin. High cytotoxicity against cancer cells correlated with the strong ability to accumulate in mitochondria, which could efficiently increase the intracellular reactive oxygen species level and induce cell apoptosis. This study highlights the potential of using mitochondria‐targeting fluorophores to selectively trigger and directly visualize subcellular drug delivery in living cells.
Photochemistry of a Puckered Ferracyclobutadiene in Liquid Solution Studied by Time‐Resolved Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Torres‐Alacan Joel , Das Ujjal , Wezisla Boris , Straßmann Martin , Filippou Alexander C. , Vöhringer Peter
Published: October 2015

Flash photolysis combined with step‐scan and rapid‐scan Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy was carried out to explore the photochemistry of a puckered, quasi‐square pyramidal ferracyclobutadiene, [Fe{κ2‐C3(NEt2)3}(CO)3]BF4 ([1]BF4), that features three additional carbonyl ligands in the metal coordination sphere. In liquid solution at room temperature, an excitation with λ=355 nm light resulted in the loss of one CO ligand, which is cleaved from a basal metal‐coordination site. Within the time resolution of the experiment, a solvent molecule promptly refills the resultant vacancy at the coordinatively unsaturated metal center. In the weakly interacting liquid, dichloromethane, the counterion of the complex is subsequently able to substitute the solvent in the coordination sphere of the iron center, thereby forming as a stable product a neutral dicarbonyl tetrafluoroborato iron(0) species containing a four‐membered ferracycle.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Dimensional Gold Clusters in HP‐Ce7Au13+xGe10‐x.
Authors: Heymann Gunter , Heying Birgit , Riecken Jan F. , Huppertz Hubert , Poettgen Rainer
Published: October 2015

Single crystals of the high‐pressure phase of Ce7Au13+xGe10‐x are obtained by treatment of CeAuGe at 9.5 GPa and 1473—1523 K in a multi‐anvil press.
ChemInform Abstract: Cs2MIIMIV3Q8 (Q: S, Se, Te): An Extensive Family of Layered Semiconductors with Diverse Band Gaps.
Authors: Morris Collin D. , Li Hao , Jin Hosub , Malliakas Christos D. , Peters John A. , Trikalitis Pantelis N. , Freeman Arthur J. , Wessels Bruce W. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: October 2015

The title compounds (MII: Mg, Zn, Cd, Hg; MIV: Ge, Sn), prepared by flame‐melting rapid cooling reactions or by a traditional tube furnace synthesis with <90% yields, are characterized by single crystal XRD, SEM, solid state UV/VIS spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electrical resistivity and photoconductivity measurements, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Chemical Vapor Transport of Solid Solutions in the MgMoO4—NiMoO4 System.
Authors: Steiner Udo , Drieschner Tobias , Feller Joerg
Published: October 2015

Powder samples of solid solutions in the MgMoO4—NiMoO4 system are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of MgO, MoO3, and NiO (quartz crucible, 1173 K, 60 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Na2Ti6O13: A Potential Anode for Grid‐Storage Sodium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Rudola Ashish , Saravanan Kuppan , Devaraj Sappani , Gong Hao , Balaya Palani
Published: October 2015

Nanorods of the title compound are synthesized from a mixture of Na(OAc), Ti(O‐iPr)4, and hexadecyl‐trimethyl‐ammonium bromide in H2O and EtOH, followed by sintering of the obtained powder in air at 800 °C for 6 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Alkylation of (Hetero)arenes with Allylic Alcohols, Allowing Aldol Condensation to Indenes.
Authors: Shi Zhuangzhi , Boultadakis‐Arapinis Melissa , Glorius Frank
Published: October 2015

The dehydrogenative cross‐coupling of indoles (I) and 2‐phenylpyridine (IV) with allylic alcohols (II) affords β‐aryl carbonyl compounds as sole products.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Olefins in γ‐Valerolactone‐Based Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Stradi Andrea , Molnar Mark , Ovari Mihaly , Dibo Gabor , Richter Frank U. , Mika Laszlo T.
Published: October 2015

The turnover frequencies achieved using γ‐valerolactone‐based ionic liquids are significantly higher compared to widely used ionic liquids such as [bmim]Cl in the title olefin hydrogenation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Direct Reductive Amination of Ketones with Electron‐Deficient Amines Using Re2O7/NaPF6 Catalyst.
Authors: Das Braja Gopal , Ghorai Prasanta
Published: October 2015

The first examples of direct reductive amination of ketones with amines bearing electron‐withdrawing substituents are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Atom‐Efficient Oxidation of Electron‐‐Deficient Internal Olefins to Ketones Using a Palladium Catalyst.
Authors: Mitsudome Takato , Yoshida Syuhei , Mizugaki Tomoo , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Kaneda Kiyotomi
Published: October 2015

All yields are determined by GC‐analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quaternary Ammonium Salts with Dithiocarbamate Moiety and Their Antifungal Activities Against Helminthosporium oryzae.
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Garg Anita , Sidhu Anjali , Kumar Vineet
Published: October 2015

The title compounds exhibit moderate to promising fungitoxicity against Helminthosporium oryzae.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II) Chloride Promoted Transformation of Amines into Guanidines and Asymmetrical N,N′‐Disubstituted Guanidines.
Authors: Kelly Brendan , Rozas Isabel
Published: October 2015

CuCl2 is able to replace the more toxic HgCl2 as the promoter for the reaction of thiourea derivatives with amines to yield the title guanides.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Aldol Reactions Between Acetaldehyde and Activated Acyclic Ketones Catalyzed by Chiral Primary Amines.
Authors: Deng Yu‐Hua , Chen Jin‐Quan , He Long , Kang Tai‐Ran , Liu Quan‐Zhong , Luo Shi‐Wei , Yuan Wei‐Chen
Published: October 2015

For the first time, cross‐aldol reactions between acetaldehyde and activated acyclic ketones are achieved in the presence of chiral primary amine catalysts giving optically active tertiary alcohols with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Aqueous Krapcho Decarboxylation.
Authors: Mason Jeremy D. , Murphree S. Shaun
Published: October 2015

Optimized reaction conditions including Li2SO4 in water as the reagent allows the decarboxylation of malonate derivatives in short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Arylsulfonyl Hydrazides to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Chen Wen , Chen Hui , Xiao Fuhong , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: October 2015

A Pd‐catalyzed desulfitative‐denitrogenative conjugate addition of arylsulfonyl hydrazides (II) to α,β‐unsaturated ketones (I) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Sterically Congested Large Aromatic Hydrocarbons via 1,4‐Diphenyl‐2,3‐triphenylyne.
Authors: Rodriguez‐Lojo Diego , Perez Dolores , Pena Diego , Guitian Enrique
Published: October 2015

The preparation of 3 novel polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is carried out starting from triphenylene (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Green Approach for the Regio‐ and Stereo‐Selective Syntheses of (Z)‐3‐Methyleneisoindoline‐1‐ones in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Chatterjee Nivedita , Sarkar Swarbhanu , Pal Rammyani , Sen Asish Kumar
Published: October 2015

A novel method for the synthesis of the title species through copper‐free domino Sonogashira cross‐coupling/5‐exo‐dig‐cyclization reaction of sulfonates (I) with terminal alkynes (II) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Stabilized Isoquinolinium N‐Ylides with Vinyl Sulfonium Salts.
Authors: An Jing , Yang Qing‐Qing , Wang Qiang , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: October 2015

The title approach is advantageous with regards to simple experimental procedure and mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethyl Lactate as a Promising Bio Based Green Solvent for the Synthesis of Spiro‐Oxindole Derivatives via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Jain Anuj K. , Laxkar Ashok K.
Published: October 2015

Azomethine ylides generated in situ by decarboxylative condensation of isatins and proline undergo 1.3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions with naphthoquinone.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some 2‐Amino‐5‐nitrothiazole Derivatives of Azetidine.
Authors: Samadhiya Pushkal , Sharma Ritu , Srivastava S. K. , Srivastava S. D.
Published: October 2015

Most of the title compounds (VIII) (10 examples) display significant antimicrobial and antitubercular activities.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Route to 1‐Alkyl‐5‐trifluoromethyl‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carboxylic Acids Employing a Diazo Transfer Reaction.
Authors: Iminov Rustam T. , Mashkov Alexander V. , Chalyk Bohdan A. , Mykhailiuk Pavel K. , Tverdokhlebov Anton V. , Tolmachev Andrey A. , Volovenko Yulian M. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Shishkina Svetlana V.
Published: October 2015

Application of this method is demonstrated in synthesis of Rufinamide‐derivative IV that was obtained in 4 steps and 73% overall yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrano[3,2‐c]coumarins via Cu(II)‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction.
Authors: Bagdi Avik Kumar , Majee Adinath , Hajra Alakananda
Published: October 2015

Copper(II) triflate is found to be an efficient catalyst for the highly regioselective tandem Michael addition/intramolecular cyclization reaction of 4‐hydroxycoumarin with α,β‐unsaturated ketones to yield pyranocoumarins.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorinated Bisphenols and Tetraphenols via a Simple One‐Pot Reaction.
Authors: Tao Liming , Yang Haixia , Liu Jingang , Fan Lin , Yang Shiyong
Published: October 2015

TfOH‐catalyzed condensation of catechol (I) with trifluoroacetophenones (II) affords previously unreported phenolic polyphenylalkane derivatives (III), while similar reactions of resorcinol and hydroquinone furnish the corresponding novel hydroxy‐substituted xanthene derivatives (V) and (VII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnesium Methoxide‐Assisted Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Triaryl Pyridines.
Authors: Banerjee Chandan Kumar , Umarye Jayant D. , Kanjilal Pranab R.
Published: October 2015

The title Kroehnke pyridines are obtained in a novel, facile three‐component reaction of chalcones, ketones, and ammonia.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Indolo[3,2‐c]quinoline Derivatives Catalyzed by Iodine.
Authors: Zhou Yujing , Zhang Meimei , Yin Mingyue , Wang Xiangshan
Published: October 2015

The reaction proceeds presumably through an imino Diels—Alder mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Salt‐Promoted Highly Regioselective α and β Hydrophosphination of Alkenyl Arenes.
Authors: Routaboul Lucie , Toulgoat Fabien , Gatignol Jeremie , Lohier Jean‐Francois , Norah Brigitte , Delacroix Olivier , Alayrac Carole , Taillefer Marc , Gaumont Annie‐Claude
Published: October 2015

This method uses inexpensive, low‐toxic catalysts and proceeds with high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Tubulysin V.
Authors: Wang Rui , Tian Ping , Lin Guoqiang
Published: October 2015

Key steps in this total synthesis are the zinc‐mediated aza‐Barbier reaction to afford the chiral homo‐allylic amine (III), and the indium‐mediated aza‐Barbier reaction in aqueous media, giving the chiral homo‐allylic amine (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Advance in the Chemical Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Nanostructured Rare‐Earth‐Based Permanent Magnets
Authors: Yang Ce , Hou Yang‐Long
Published: October 2015

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Enantioselective Multicatalyzed Tandem Reactions
Authors: Pellissier Helene
Published: October 2015

Review: <150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Geometrically Directed C—H Activation
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo
Published: October 2015

Review: regioselective C—H functionalization utilizing metalloporphyrins; 65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic and Organometallic Derivatives of Propargylallene: Syntheses, Structures, Reactivity and Rearrangements
Authors: McGlinchey Michael J. , Hopf Henning
Published: October 2015

Review: < 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Inter‐ and Intra‐Molecular Enantioselective Carbolithiation Reactions
Authors: Gomez‐SanJuan Asier , Sotomayor Nuria , Lete Esther
Published: October 2015

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Arrhenius′ Theory of Partial Dissociation and Hydration Completely Replace Existing Ideas of Activity and Complete Dissociation of Electrolytes in Solutions
Authors: Heyrovska Raji
Published: October 2015

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer Brushers: Promises and Challenges
Authors: Yameen Basit , Farrukh Aleeza
Published: October 2015

Review: 106 refs.
Recovery Concept of Value Metals from Automotive Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Träger Thomas , Friedrich Bernd , Weyhe Reiner
Published: October 2015

A recycling process for automotive lithium‐ion batteries was developed. The process combines a mechanical pretreatment with pyrometallurgical recycling process step to recover all battery components, and realize cost‐neutral and sustainable recycling. The focus of the research work is the development of a pyrometallurgical process step to recover especially Li out of electrode mass powder which is the fine fraction extracted mechanically from spent Li‐ion batteries. Two metallurgical treatment technologies were investigated: direct vacuum evaporation of Li and recovery of metallic Li by distillation, and a selective entraining gas evaporation of Li and recovery of lithium oxide.
Wertstoffgewinnung aus Kraftwerksaschen Teil II: Thermische und chemische Behandlung von Braunkohlenkraftwerksaschen zur Gewinnung strategischer Metalle
Authors: Brett Beate , Schrader Daniel , Räuchle Konstantin , Heide Gerhard , Bertau Martin
Published: October 2015

Die Extraktion von Wertmetallen aus Braunkohlenaschen ist ein bisher nicht bzw. nur im Versuchsstadium verfolgter Ansatz, den es gerade in Zeiten begrenzter Rohstoffverfügbarkeit und der Monopolstellung einiger Länder nicht zu vernachlässigen gilt. An Filteraschen und dem Stabilisat der Kraftwerke Boxberg und Schwarze Pumpe (Lausitzer Revier) wurden Strategien für die Mobilisierung enthaltener Wertmetalle entwickelt. Angestrebt wird dabei ein wirtschaftlich tragfähiger Prozess, der die Extraktion strategischer Metalle, wie auch von Metallen und Metalloxiden des täglichen Bedarfs und die baustoffliche Verwertung der Rückstände berücksichtigt.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Branching Sequence of MBH Carbonates: Access to Chiral Benzofuran‐2(3H)‐one Derivatives with Three Stereocenters
Authors: Zhu Chuanle , Yang Lijun , Nie Jing , Zheng Yan , Ma Junan
Published: October 2015

An organocatalytic asymmetric branching sequence was realized in the presence of 10 mol% of (DHQD)2AQN, affording the sequential products with three stereocentres, including two quaternary carbon centres, in 47%–79% yields with 85%–99% ee.
The First Catalytic Asymmetric Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Reaction of Acrolein with Aromatic Aldehydes
Authors: Zeng Xingping , Liu Yunlin , Ji Congbin , Zhou Jian
Published: October 2015

We report the first example of catalytic asymmetric Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman reaction of acrolein with aromatic aldehydes. The use of 10 mol% of Hatakeyama's catalyst β‐isocupreidine C4, in combination with 20 mol% of 2,6‐dimethoxybenzoic acid, could catalyze the reaction to give the desired products in up to 81% ee.