bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Fractalkine‐CX3CR1 Axis Regulates Non‐inflammatory Osteoclastogenesis by Enhancing Precursor Cell Survival
Authors: Kuboi Yoshikazu , Kuroda Yukiko , Ohkuro Masayoshi , Motoi Sotaro , Tomimori Yoshiya , Yasuda Hisataka , Yasuda Nobuyuki , Imai Toshio , Matsuo Koichi
Published: September 2022

The chemokine fractalkine (FKN) is produced by various cell types, including osteoblasts and endothelial cells in bone tissue, and signals through a sole receptor, CX3CR1, which is expressed on monocytes/macrophages, including osteoclast precursors (OCPs). However, the direct effects of FKN signaling on osteoclast lineage cells under homeostatic noninflammatory conditions remain unclear. Here, we report that FKN regulates mouse OCP survival and primes OCPs for subsequent osteoclast differentiation. Wild‐type but not CX3CR1‐deficient OCPs grown on immobilized FKN showed enhanced osteoclast formation following receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) stimulation, with increased expression of osteoclast differentiation markers. Interestingly, the growth of OCPs on immobilized FKN increased the expression of Cx3cr1 and Tnfrsf11a (Rank) transcripts, but following RANKL stimulation, OCPs rapidly downregulated Cx3cr1 expression. Consistently, anti‐FKN monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment attenuated RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation on immobilized FKN before, but not during, RANKL stimulation. CX3CR1 and RANK proteins were highly expressed on bone marrow‐derived CD11bhigh CD115+ OCPs. Growth on immobilized FKN prior to RANKL stimulation also increased CD11bhigh CD115+ OCP number and their survival and differentiation potential. In a RANKL‐based mouse model of bone loss, anti‐FKN mAb pretreatment significantly inhibited RANKL‐dependent bone loss. Thus, blocking the FKN‐CX3CR1 axis could represent a therapeutic option in noninflammatory bone loss diseases. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Gender and Geographic Origin as Determinants of Manuscript Publication Outcomes: JBMR® Bibliometric Analysis from 2017 to 2019
Authors: Rivadeneira Fernando , Loder Randall T. , McGuire Anthony C. , Chitwood Joseph R. , Duffy Katie , Civitelli Roberto , Kacena Melissa A. , Westendorf Jennifer J.
Published: September 2022

The Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (JBMR®), the flagship journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR), enjoys a premiere position in its field and has a global reach. The journal uses a single-blind peer-review process whereby three editors are typically involved in assessing each submission for publication, in addition to external reviewers. Although emphasizing fairness, rigor, and transparency, this process is not immune to the influence of unconscious biases. The gender and geographic diversity of JBMR® authors, editors, and reviewers has increased over the last three decades, but whether such diversity has affected peer-review outcomes is unknown. We analyzed manuscript acceptance rates based on the gender and geographic origin of authors, reviewers, and Associate Editors. The analysis included 1662 original research articles submitted to JBMR® from September 2017 through December 2019. Gender was assigned using probabilities from an online tool and manually validated through internet searches. Predictor variables of manuscript outcome were determined with multivariate logistic regression analysis. The acceptance rate was highest when the first and last authors were of different genders, and lowest when both authors were men. Reviewer gender did not influence the outcome regardless of the genders of the first and last authors. Associate Editors from all geographical regions tended to select reviewers from their same region. The acceptance rate was highest when the Associate Editor was from Europe. Manuscripts with authors from North America and Australia/New Zealand had greater overall odds of acceptance than those from Europe and Asia. Manuscripts reviewed only by Editorial Board (EB) members had a lower acceptance rate than those refereed by non-EB reviewers or a mix of EB and non-EB reviewers. Overall, the geographical origin of authors, reviewers, and editors, as well as reviewers' EB membership may influence manuscript decisions. Yet, the JBMR® peer-review process remains largely free from gender bias. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The coregulatory effects of emotionally focused therapy
Authors: Conroy Julia , Perryman Kristi , Robinson Samantha , Rana Ryan , Blisard Paul , Gray Michelle
Published: September 2022

This study examined the heart rate synchrony between a single couple in emotionally focused therapy (EFT) as a method of measuring coregulatory effects over the course of treatment. A clinician who is an EFT certified therapist, supervisor, and trainer administered all eight sessions in a private practice setting. Surrogate synchrony analysis assessed heart rate synchrony between partners, indicating that significant heart rate synchrony was more likely over time. Significant heart rate synchrony was more likely during sessions that focused on clients’ sharing attachment injuries, bonds, and longings with their partner compared to sessions more focused on cognitive processing of the relationship. Additionally, there were delays in heart rate synchrony that occurred between the couple, which may be indicative of the emotional processing speed of the empathic response of each partner. Understanding the physiological synchrony patterns between dyads in treatment could clarify the potential of coregulation in the therapeutic process.
The role of heat shock proteins in metastatic colorectal cancer: A review
Authors: Javid Hossein , Hashemian Pedram , Yazdani Shaghayegh , Sharbaf Mashhad Alireza , Karimi‐Shahri Mehdi
Published: September 2022

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a large molecular chaperone family classified by their molecular weights, including HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and HSP110. HSPs are likely to have antiapoptotic properties and participate actively in various processes such as tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastases, and death. In this review, we discuss comprehensively the functions of HSPs associated with the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) and metastasis and resistance to cancer therapy. Taken together, HSPs have numerous clinical applications as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis and potential therapeutic targets for CRC and its related metastases.
Interrelation between extracellular vesicles miRNAs with chronic lung diseases
Authors: Dhar Rajib , Mukherjee Sayantanee , Mukerjee Nobendu , Mukherjee Dattatreya , Devi Arikketh , Ashraf Ghulam Md , Alserihi Raed F. , Tayeb Hossam H. , Hashem Anwar M. , Alexiou Athanasios , Thorate Nanasaheb
Published: September 2022

Extracellular vehicles (EVs) are nanoscale lipid bilayer vesicles that carry biologically active biomolecule cargos like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) outside of the cell. Blood (serum/plasma), urine, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are all examples of biofluids from which they may be collected. EVs play a vital role in intracellular communication. The molecular signature of EVs largely depends on the parental cell's status. EVs are classified into two groups, (1) exosomes (originated by endogenous route) and (2) microvesicles (originated from the plasma membrane, also known as ectosomes). The quantity and types of EV cargo vary during normal conditions compared to pathological conditions (chronic inflammatory lung diseases or lung cancer). Consequently, EVs contain novel biomarkers that differ based on the cell type of origin and during lung diseases. Small RNAs (e.g., microRNAs) are transported by EVs, which is one of the most rapidly evolving research areas in the field of EVs biology. EV‐mediated cargos transport small RNAs that can result in reprograming the target/recipient cells. Multiple chronic inflammatory lung illnesses, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, acute lung injury, and lung cancer, have been demonstrated to be regulated by EV. In this review, we will consolidate the current knowledge and literature on the novel role of EVs and their small RNAs concerning chronic lung diseases (CLDs). Additionally, we will also provide better insight into the clinical and translational impact of mesenchymal stem cells‐derived EVs as novel therapeutic agents in treating CLDs.
Young bone marrow transplantation prevents aging‐related muscle atrophy in a senescence‐accelerated mouse prone 10 model
Authors: Inoue Aiko , Piao Limei , Yue Xueling , Huang Zhe , Hu Lina , Wu Hongxian , Meng Xiangkun , Xu Wenhu , Yu Chenglin , Sasaki Takeshi , Itakura Kohji , Umegaki Hiroyuki , Kuzuya Masafumi , Cheng Xian Wu
Published: September 2022

Background

Young bone marrow transplantation (YBMT) has been shown to stimulate vascular regeneration in pathological conditions, including ageing. Here, we investigated the benefits and mechanisms of the preventive effects of YBMT on loss of muscle mass and function in a senescence‐associated mouse prone 10 (SAMP10) model, with a special focus on the role of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF‐11).

Methods

Nine‐week‐old male SAMP10 mice were randomly assigned to a non‐YBMT group (n = 6) and a YBMT group (n = 7) that received the bone marrow of 8‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice.

Results

Compared to the non‐YBMT mice, the YBMT mice showed the following significant increases (all P < 0.05 in 6–7 mice): endurance capacity (>61.3%); grip strength (>37.9%), percentage of slow myosin heavy chain fibres (>14.9–15.9%). The YBMT also increased the amounts of proteins or mRNAs for insulin receptor substrate 1, p‐Akt, p‐extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase1/2, p‐mammalian target of rapamycin, Bcl‐2, peroxisom proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator (PGC‐1α), plus cytochrome c oxidase IV and the numbers of proliferating cells (n = 5–7, P < 0.05) and CD34+/integrin‐α7+ muscle stem cells (n = 5–6, P < 0.05). The YMBT significantly decreased the levels of gp91phox, caspase‐9 proteins and apoptotic cells (n = 5–7, P < 0.05) in both muscles; these beneficial changes were diminished by the blocking of GDF‐11 (n = 5–6, P < 0.05). An administration of mouse recombinant GDF‐11 improved the YBMT‐mediated muscle benefits (n = 5–6, P < 0.05). Cell therapy with young bone marrow from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice exhibited GFP+ myofibres in aged muscle tissues.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that YBMT can prevent muscle wasting and dysfunction by mitigating apoptosis and proliferation via a modulation of GDF‐11 signalling and mitochondrial dysfunction in SAMP10 mice.
Cathelicidin‐related antimicrobial peptide mediates skeletal muscle degeneration caused by injury and Duchenne muscular dystrophy in mice
Authors: Choi Moon‐Chang , Jo Jiwon , Lee Myeongjin , Park Jonggwan , Yao Tso‐Pang , Park Yoonkyung
Published: September 2022

Background

Cathelicidin, an antimicrobial peptide, plays a key role in regulating bacterial killing and innate immunity; however, its role in skeletal muscle function is unknown. We investigated the potential role of cathelicidin in skeletal muscle pathology resulting from acute injury and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) in mice.

Methods

Expression changes and muscular localization of mouse cathelicidin‐related antimicrobial peptide (Cramp) were examined in the skeletal muscle of normal mice treated with chemicals (cardiotoxin and BaCl2) or in dystrophic muscle of DMD mouse models (mdx, mdx/Utrn+/− and mdx/Utrn−/−). Cramp penetration into myofibres and effects on muscle damage were studied by treating synthetic peptides to mouse skeletal muscles or C2C12 myotubes. Cramp knockout (KO) mice and mdx/Utrn/Cramp KO lines were used to determine whether Cramp mediates muscle degeneration. Muscle pathophysiology was assessed by histological methods, serum analysis, grip strength and lifespan. Molecular factors targeted by Cramp were identified by the pull‐down assay and proteomic analysis.

Results

In response to acute muscle injury, Cramp was activated in muscle‐infiltrating neutrophils and internalized into myofibres. Cramp treatments of mouse skeletal muscles or C2C12 myotubes resulted in muscle degeneration and myotube damage, respectively. Genetic ablation of Cramp reduced neutrophil infiltration and ameliorated muscle pathology, such as fibre size (P < 0.001; n = 6) and fibrofatty infiltration (P < 0.05). Genetic reduction of Cramp in mdx/Utrn+/− mice not only attenuated muscle damage (35%, P < 0.05; n = 9–10), myonecrosis (53%, P < 0.05), inflammation (37–65%, P < 0.01) and fibrosis (14%, P < 0.05) but also restored muscle fibre size (14%, P < 0.05) and muscle force (18%, P < 0.05). Reducing Cramp levels led to a 63% (male, P < 0.05; n = 10–14) and a 124% (female, P < 0.001; n = 20) increase in the lifespan of mdx/Utrn−/− mice. Proteomic and mechanistic studies revealed that Cramp cross‐talks with Ca2+ signalling in skeletal muscle through sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase1 (SERCA1). Cramp binds and inactivates SERCA1, leading to the activation of Ca2+‐dependent calpain proteases that exacerbate DMD progression.

Conclusions

These findings identify Cramp as an immune cell‐derived regulator of skeletal muscle degeneration and provide a potential therapeutic target for DMD.
Simplified discriminant parameters for sarcopenia among patients undergoing haemodialysis
Authors: Kakita Daisuke , Matsuzawa Ryota , Yamamoto Shohei , Suzuki Yuta , Harada Manae , Imamura Keigo , Yoshikoshi Shun , Imai Hiroto , Osada Shiwori , Shimokado Kiyoshi , Matsunaga Atsuhiko , Tamaki Akira
Published: September 2022

Background

Patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) are at an increased risk of developing sarcopenia, which can lead to various adverse health outcomes. Although the diagnosis of sarcopenia is essential for clinical management, it is not feasible in routine clinical practice for populations undergoing haemodialysis because it is time‐consuming and resources are limited. Serum creatinine levels in patients with ESRD have been gaining attention as a screening parameter for sarcopenia because serum creatinine is a routinely measured byproduct of skeletal muscle metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the discriminative ability of the creatinine‐derived index for sarcopenia in patients undergoing haemodialysis.

Methods

We diagnosed sarcopenia according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2 criteria in 356 clinically stable outpatients with ESRD enrolled from three dialysis facilities. We adopted the modified creatinine index as a simplified discriminant parameter for sarcopenia in addition to the calf circumference, SARC‐F score, and combination of both (i.e. SARC‐CalF score), which are recommended by the AWGS. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and logistic regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the discriminative ability of the modified creatinine index for sarcopenia.

Results

Of the study participants, 142 (39.9%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia. The areas under the curve of the modified creatinine index against sarcopenia in the male and female participants were 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71 to 0.83) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.69 to 0.85), respectively. All simplified discriminant parameters were significantly associated with sarcopenia, even after adjusting for patient characteristics and centre. In the comparison of the odds ratios for sarcopenia for 1‐standard deviation change in the simplified discriminant parameters, the odds ratio of the modified creatinine index was 1.92 (95% CI: 1.15 to 3.19), which was lower than that of the calf circumference (odds ratio: 6.58, 95% CI: 3.32 to 13.0) and similar to that of the SARC‐F (odds ratio: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.14 to 2.16) and SARC‐CalF scores (odds ratio: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.60 to 3.47).

Conclusions

This study revealed a strong association between the creatinine‐derived index and sarcopenia in patients undergoing haemodialysis. The modified creatinine index was equal or superior to those of SARC‐F and SARC‐CalF score in discriminability for sarcopenia. However, the ability of the calf circumference to discriminate sarcopenia is extremely high, and further study is needed to determine whether it can be used to detect deterioration of muscle mass and function over time.
Liver‐originated small extracellular vesicles with TM4SF5 target brown adipose tissue for homeostatic glucose clearance
Authors: Jung Jae Woo , Kim Ji Eon , Kim Eunmi , Lee Hyejin , Lee Haesong , Shin Eun‐Ae , Lee Jung Weon
Published: September 2022

Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) is involved in chronic liver disease, although its role in glucose homeostasis remains unknown. TM4SF5 deficiency caused age‐dependent glucose (in)tolerance with no link to insulin sensitivity. Further, hepatic TM4SF5 binding to GLUT1 promoted glucose uptake and glycolysis. Excessive glucose repletion caused hepatocytes to secrete small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) loaded with TM4SF5 (hep‐sEVTm4sf5), suggesting a role for sEVTm4sf5 in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Hep‐sEVTm4sf5 were smaller than sEVControl and recruit proteins for efficient organ tropism. Liver‐derived sEVs, via a liver‐closed vein circuit (LCVC) using hepatic TM4SF5‐overexpressing (Alb‐Tm4sf5 TG) mice (liv‐sEVTm4sf5), improved glucose tolerance in Tm4sf5−/− KO mice and targeted brown adipose tissues (BATs), possibly allowing the clearance of blood glucose as heat independent of UCP1. Taken together, hep‐sEVTm4sf5 might clear high extracellular glucose levels more efficiently by targeting BAT compared with hep‐sEVControl, suggesting an insulin‐like role for sEV™4SF5 in affecting age‐related metabolic status and thus body weight (BW).
Addressing MISEV guidance using targeted LC‐MS/MS: A method for the detection and quantification of extracellular vesicle‐enriched and contaminant protein markers from blood
Authors: Newman Lauren A. , Useckaite Zivile , Rowland Andrew
Published: September 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane‐bound nanosized particles released by cells into bodily fluids containing an array of molecular cargo. Several characteristics, including stability and accessibility in biofluids such as blood and urine, make EVs and associated cargo attractive biomarkers and therapeutic tools. To promote robust characterisation of EV isolates, the minimal requirements for the study of extracellular vesicles (MISEV) guidelines recommend the analysis of proteins in EV samples, including positive EV‐associated markers and negative contaminant markers based on commonly co‐isolated components of the starting material. Western blot is conventionally used to address the guidelines; however, this approach is limited in terms of quantitation and throughput and requires larger volumes than typically available for patient samples. The increasing application of EVs as liquid biopsy in clinical contexts requires a high‐throughput multiplexed approach for analysis of protein markers from small volumes of starting material. Here, we document the development and validation of a targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) assay for the quantification of markers associated with EVs and non‐vesicle contaminants from human blood samples. The assay was highly sensitive, requiring only a fraction of the sample consumed for immunoblots, fully quantitative and high throughput. Application of the assay to EVs isolated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and precipitation revealed differences in yield, purity and recovery of subpopulations.
Diploic vein morphology in normal and craniosynostotic adult human skulls
Authors: Eisová Stanislava , Velemínský Petr , Velemínská Jana , Bruner Emiliano
Published: September 2022

Diploic veins (DV) run within the cranial diploe, where they leave channels that can be studied in osteological samples. This study investigates overall DV variability in human adults and the effects of sex, age, cranial dimensions, and dysmorphogenesis associated with craniosynostosis (CS). The morphology of macroscopic diploic channels was analyzed in a set of the qualitative and quantitative variables in computed tomography‐images of crania of anatomically normal and craniosynostotic adult individuals. Macroscopic diploic channels occur most frequently in the frontal and parietal bones, often with a bilaterally symmetrical pattern. DV‐features (especially DV‐pattern) are characterized by high individual diversity. On average, there are 5.4 ± 3.5 large macroscopic channels (with diameters >1 mm) per individual, with a mean diameter of 1.7 ± 0.4 mm. Age and sex have minor effects on DV, and cranial proportions significantly influence DV only in CS skulls. CS is associated with changes in the DV numbers, distributions, and diameters. Craniosynostotic skulls, especially brachycephalic skulls, generally present smaller DV diameters, and dolichocephalic skulls display increased number of frontal DV. CS, associated with altered cranial dimensions, suture imbalance, increased intracranial pressure, and with changes of the endocranial craniovascular system, significantly also affects the macroscopic morphology of DV in adults, in terms of both structural (topological redistribution) and functional factors. The research on craniovascular morphology and CS may be of interest in biological anthropology, paleopathology, medicine (e.g., surgical planning), but also in zoology and paleontology.
Architecture and tube structure of Sabellaria spinulosa (Leuckart, 1849): Comparison with the Mediterranean S. alveolata congener
Authors: Sanfilippo Rossana , Rosso Antonietta , Viola Alfio , Guido Adriano , Deias Claudia
Published: September 2022

The Atlantic‐Mediterranean polychaete Sabellaria spinulosa (Leuckart, 1849) lives in agglutinated tubes forming discrete reef‐like bioconstructions on shallow‐water bottoms beaten by waves where sediment particles are constantly resuspended. Tubes are built with sand grains glued by a proteinaceous cement. Analyses of a S. spinulosa reef sample of this worm collected off the Casarza coast (central Adriatic Sea) allowed the description of its tube architecture and gluing modality. The tube consists of three layers of agglutinated sand: (a) a thin inner layer with sandy particles arranged side by side with a flat side facing the tube lumen (b) a thick middle layer with larger isodiametric and squat grains with empty pores in between; and (c) a thin discontinuous outer layer of heterometric clasts, prevalently large and flat, diverging towards the opening. This fits the general tube construction known for S. alveolata and in general for tubes of the sabellariidae family, but compared to Sabellaria alveolata, S. spinulosa possesses a smaller tube with a wall about 1/3 thick; the agglutinated sandy elements are finer, and some number of muddy particles participates in the tube construction. Morphological and epifluorescence observations revealed that biocement portions are irregularly and haphazardly distributed compared with those of S. alveolata that consist of drops and strips of glue carefully placed. Adjacent tubes leave empty interspaces in between them only locally filled by loose sand, extremely reduced to absent in S. alveolata.
Variable evidence for convergence in morphology and function across avian nectarivores
Authors: Hewes Amanda E. , Cuban David , Groom Derrick J. E. , Sargent Alyssa J. , Beltrán Diego F. , Rico‐Guevara Alejandro
Published: September 2022

Nectar‐feeding birds provide an excellent system in which to examine form‐function relationships over evolutionary time. There are many independent origins of nectarivory in birds, and nectar feeding is a lifestyle with many inherent biophysical constraints. We review the morphology and function of the feeding apparatus, the locomotor apparatus, and the digestive and renal systems across avian nectarivores with the goals of synthesizing available information and identifying the extent to which different aspects of anatomy have morphologically and functionally converged. In doing so, we have systematically tabulated the occurrence of putative adaptations to nectarivory across birds and created what is, to our knowledge, the first comprehensive summary of adaptations to nectarivory across body systems and taxa. We also provide the first phylogenetically informed estimate of the number of times nectarivory has evolved within Aves. Based on this synthesis of existing knowledge, we identify current knowledge gaps and provide suggestions for future research questions and methods of data collection that will increase our understanding of the distribution of adaptations across bodily systems and taxa, and the relationship between those adaptations and ecological and evolutionary factors. We hope that this synthesis will serve as a landmark for the current state of the field, prompting investigators to begin collecting new data and addressing questions that have heretofore been impossible to answer about the ecology, evolution, and functional morphology of avian nectarivory.
A novel near field radiation shaping technique by using data driven surrogate based optimization for nondestructive hyperthermia
Authors: Unal Mehmet , Mahouti Peyman , Turk Ahmet Serdar
Published: September 2022

Herein, a novel and computationally efficient near field shaping technique for nondestructive hyperthermia applications is presented. The aim of nondestructive hyperthermia studies is to treat cancer cells in the body without damaging the healthy cells using the focused near‐field characteristic of the antenna array. However, optimal near field shaping requires an optimization process for having accurately focus the energy into the desired coordinates, which is, a computational expensive and inefficient task due to the nature of full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis. To enable computationally efficient, and accurate near field shape optimization, a surrogate model is required. To achieve this, the near field radiation of the designed horn antenna array in free space is obtained by using a fast and reliable technique, analytical regularization method (ARM). After that, by using Artificial Neural Network based regression algorithm, a data driven surrogate model is created using the data samples generated by ARM. By this means, near field shaping optimization for focusing the energy to the region where the tumor is located can be achieved, as a multi‐objective optimization problem to be solved via data driven surrogate model assisted optimization techniques. The performance results of K‐fold validation and hold‐out data sets for proposed data driven surrogate model are calculated using Mean Absolute Error metric which are obtained as 0.9 × 10−3 and 1.4 × 10−3 respectively. By observing the presented study case scenario, after 10 min of illumination with antenna array with optimally selected configurations, the targeted area (position of tumor) had reached to the critical temperature of 43 Celsius. Thus, it can be said that the proposed method is an efficient method, both in terms of (1) destroying tumor cells by heating without damaging the healthy cells, and (2) being a computationally efficient method.
Sex‐specific behavioral, neurobiological, and cardiovascular responses to chronic social stress in mice
Authors: Helman Tessa J. , Headrick John P. , Vider Jelena , Peart Jason N. , Stapelberg Nicolas J. C.
Published: September 2022

Psychosocial stress promotes and links mood and cardiovascular disorders in a sex‐specific manner. However, findings in animal models are equivocal, in some cases opposing human dimorphisms. We examined central nervous system (CNS), behavioral, endocrine, cardiac, and hepatic outcomes in male or female C57Bl/6 mice subjected to chronic social stress (56 days of social isolation, with intermittent social confrontation encounters twice daily throughout the final 20 days). Females exhibited distinct physiological and behavioral changes, including relative weight loss, and increases in coronary resistance, hepatic inflammation, and thigmotaxic behavior in the open field. Males evidence reductions in coronary resistance and cardiac ischemic tolerance, with increased circulating and hippocampal monoamine levels and emerging anhedonia. Shared CNS gene responses include reduced hippocampal Maoa and increased Htr1b expression, while unique responses include repression of hypothalamic Ntrk1 and upregulation of cortical Nrf2 and Htr1b in females; and repression of hippocampal Drd1 and hypothalamic Gabra1 and Oprm in males. Declining cardiac stress resistance in males was associated with repression of cardiac leptin levels and metabolic, mitochondrial biogenesis, and anti‐inflammatory gene expression. These integrated data reveal distinct biological responses to social stress in males and females, and collectively evidence greater biological disruption or allostatic load in females (consistent with propensities to stress‐related mood and cardiovascular disorders in humans). Distinct stress biology, and molecular to organ responses, emphasize the importance of sex‐specific mechanisms and potential approaches to stress‐dependent disease.
From target to actor: Contagion of honesty and deception across buyer–supplier negotiations
Authors: Ried Leopold , Eckerd Stephanie , Kaufmann Lutz , Carter Craig R.
Published: September 2022

Understanding negotiators' decision‐making processes in buyer–supplier relationships has been of key interest to behavioral operations and supply chain management researchers. We hypothesize that through the exposure to various counterparts in the supply chain network, negotiators' behaviors are influenced by others' behaviors and prone to behavioral contagion—where the target adopts the behavior he/she is subjected to and exhibits it toward a nonpartisan counterpart. This paper examines such contagion where targets turn into actors of honesty and deception across buyer–supplier negotiations. We analyzed text responses from two studies employing scenario‐based negotiation experiments with 350 and 424 individuals with B2B sales experience and tested for the effects of previously received behavior (honesty/deception) and different frequency levels of the received behavior. Our results show contagion effects for honesty and deception in both studies. These effects are largely independent from the frequency with which the behaviors have been received, suggesting that a low stimulus frequency suffices to induce contagion of honest and deceptive behaviors across buyer–supplier negotiations. Interestingly, in contrast to our hypothesized key mechanism based on the extant literature, neither injunctive nor descriptive social norms mediated the relationship between received and acted behaviors. We offer alternative explanations and discuss implications for theory and practice.
Short and long‐term outcomes of prophylactic total gastrectomy in 54 consecutive individuals with germline pathogenic mutations in the CDH1 gene
Authors: Stillman Mason D. , Kusche Nicole , Toledano Sabrina , Hilfrank Kimberly J. , Yoon Changhwan , Gabre Joel T. , Rustgi Sheila D. , Hur Chin , Kastrinos Fay , Ryeom Sandra W. , Yoon Sam S.
Published: September 2022

Background

Germline mutation of CDH1 is rare and leads to hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (DGC).

Methods

Patients (pts) with CDH1 mutation who underwent multidisciplinary counseling followed by open prophylactic total gastrectomy (PTG) by a single surgeon were reviewed.

Results

Fifty‐four pts with a median age of 41 years (16–70 years) underwent PTG between 2006 and 2021. Median operative time was 161 min, and median hospital stay was 7 days (range 6–12). There were 5 complications (9.2%) within 30 days, and two complications (pulmonary embolism and pancreatitis) required readmission. There were no anastomotic leaks. The pathologic analysis of the first 10 pts included the entire gastric mucosa, revealing a median of 15 foci of DGC (range 5–136). The subsequent 44 pts with more limited analysis had a median of 2 foci (range 0–5), and two pts (3.7%) had no foci identified. Median maximum weight loss was 19%. In long‐term follow‐up (median 4.6 years) of 20 pts, median global QOL was 2.0 (very good), the majority had persistent difficulty with certain foods or liquids, and all stated they would again elect PTG over surveillance endoscopy.

Conclusions

PTG can be performed safely at high‐volume referral centers with very good QOL but nutritional sequelae persist.
Benefits of Side‐Firing Optical Fibers in Endoscopic Laser Treatment of the Larynx
Authors: DeVore Elliana Kirsh , Chiluisa Alex J. , Minch Emily V. , Mihaleva Rositsa , Do Hoang , Tougas Ryan , Fichera Loris , Carroll Thomas L.
Published: September 2022

Objective

To elucidate potential tissue coverage of side‐firing optical fibers in office‐based endoscopic laser treatment of larynx, as well as to demonstrate their enhanced ability to address challenging anatomic areas.

Method

We performed a comparative study of four different fiber designs: a traditional forward‐facing fiber, and three side‐firing fibers that emit light at an angle of 45°, 70°, and 90°, respectively. The study was conducted in simulation, using eight three‐dimensional models of the human larynx generated from microtomography x‐ray scans. A computer program simulated the insertion of the endoscope into the larynx, and the Möller–Trumbore algorithm was used to simulate the application of laser light.

Results

Side‐firing laser fibers increased potential tissue coverage by a mean of 50.2 (standard deviation [SD] 25.8), 73.8 (SD 41.3), and 84.0 (SD 47.6) percent for angles of 45°, 70°, and 90°, respectively, compared to forward‐facing fibers. Angled fibers provided access to areas of the larynx considered difficult to address by traditional methods, including the infraglottis, laryngeal ventricle, and right vocal fold.

Conclusion

Simulation results suggest that side‐firing optical fibers have the potential to enhance anatomical access during in‐office endoscopic laser procedures in the larynx. Further research is needed to better understand the benefits and any potential risks or contraindications of side‐firing optical fibers.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 133:1205–1210, 2023
Voluntary Cough Testing as a Clinical Indicator of Airway Protection in Cervical Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Pitts Laura , Hamilton Valerie K. , Walaszek Erin A. , Watts Stephanie , Cherney Leora R.
Published: September 2022

Objective

Voluntary cough testing (VCT) may be useful for determining aspiration risk in neurogenic dysphagia; however, has yet to be investigated in traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (tCSCI). The study explored if VCT may elucidate swallowing safety and kinematics related to airway protection in tCSCI survivors.

Methods

Ten inpatients, 13–73 days post‐tCSCI (7 incomplete injuries), completed VCT and a modified barium swallowing study that was analyzed via the Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS) and norm‐referenced measures of swallowing events related to airway protection. Spearman rho correlations explored relations among cough airflow, median PAS, and airway protection. Mann–Whitney U tests explored group differences based on clinical airway invasion (PAS > 2) and receiver operating characteristic statistics probed the sensitivity/specificity of VCT measures.

Results

Safe (PAS > 2) and unsafe swallowers differed by cough volume acceleration (CVA) for the total sample and by inspiratory duration for incomplete injuries (p = 0.03, r > 0.7). A cut‐off value of 24.8 L/s for CVA predicted airway invasion (AUC = 0.917, p = 0.03) with sensitivity = 100%/specificity = 75%. CVA correlated with delayed laryngeal vestibule closure during swallowing for both the total sample and for incomplete injuries (rs > 0.6, p < 0.05). Blunted peak flow and prolonged cough phases were associated with disordered laryngeal kinematics and prolonged bolus transit during swallowing (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Reduced CVA, blunted peak flow, and prolonged cough phases reflected PAS and disrupted mechanisms of airway protection in tCSCI survivors, demonstrating promise for VCT as a clinical assessment for post‐tCSCI dysphagia.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:1434–1441, 2023
Tracheotomy care simulation training program for inpatient providers
Authors: Tiu Ryan Alyson‐Yao , Meyer Tanya Kim , Mayerhoff Ross M. , Ray Joel C. , Kritek Patricia A. , Merati Albert Lincoln , Sardesai Maya Guirish
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Tracheotomy complications can be life‐threatening. Many of these complications may be avoided with proper education of health care providers. Unfortunately, access to high‐quality tracheotomy care curricula is limited. We developed a program to address this gap in tracheotomy care education for inpatient providers. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of this training program in improving trainee knowledge and comfort with tracheotomy care.

Methods

The curriculum includes asynchronous online modules coupled with a self‐directed hands‐on simulation activity using a low‐cost tracheotomy care task trainer. The program was offered to inpatient providers including medical students, residents, medical assistants, nurses, and respiratory therapists. Efficacy of the training was assessed using pre‐training and post‐training surveys of learner comfort, knowledge, and qualitative feedback.

Results

Data was collected on 41 participants. After completing the program, participants exhibited significantly improved comfort in performing tracheotomy care activities and 15% improvement in knowledge scores, with large effect sizes respectively and greater gains among those with little prior tracheotomy care experience.

Conclusion

This study has demonstrated that completion of this integrated online and hands‐on tracheotomy simulation curriculum training increases comfort and knowledge, especially for less‐experienced learners. This training addresses an important gap in tracheotomy care education among health care professionals with low levels of tracheotomy care experience and ultimately aims to improve patient safety and quality of care. This curriculum is easily transferrable as it requires only access to the online modules and low‐cost simulation materials and could be used in other hospitals, long‐term care facilities, outpatient clinics, and home settings.

Level of evidence

4.
Study of the matching performance of a microarc oxidation film/electrophoresis composite coating on magnesium alloys
Authors: Dong Kaihui , Cheng Xiaoyu , Song Yingwei , Yang Jiayu , Wang Qitong , Wang Haitao , Han En‐Hou
Published: September 2022

The combination of a microarc oxidation (MAO) film and water‐based electrophoresis painting (EP) technology is a promising surface treatment for magnesium alloys, but the matching performance between them has not been investigated systematically. For fabricating the optimal composite coating, the influence of the MAO film condition and electrophoresis parameters on the overall performance of the composite coating was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, finite element modeling, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and immersion tests. The results indicate that the composite coating with an MAO voltage of 330 V and an EP voltage of 120 V shows the best corrosion resistance. Its excellent anticorrosion performance is attributed to the suitable thickness ratio of the MAO/EP coating and the excellent mechanical interlock effect of the MAO/EP interface. The microstructure of the MAO coating plays a key role; the uniform micropore size promotes a uniform electric field distribution in the initial electrophoresis process, which can considerably improve the sealing pore quality of the EP resin and further maximize the interfacial adhesion strength.
A novel passive shimming scheme using explicit control of magnetic field qualities with minimal use of ferromagnetic materials
Authors: Wang Yaohui , Wang Qiuliang , Chen Zhifeng , Liu Yang , Liu Feng
Published: September 2022

Purpose

In an MRI system, the static magnetic field homogeneity is strictly required especially in ultrahigh field situations. However, owing to the engineering tolerances and system errors, the magnetic field homogeneity of a magnet usually cannot meet the imaging requirement; thus, a shimming operation is always needed.

Methods

Existing passive shimming methods commonly minimize the peak‐peak variations of the magnetic fields over the diameter of spherical volume (DSV), targeting the field quality of 10–20 parts per million (ppm). However, these conventional passive shimming methods can sometimes lead to sub‐optimal field quality and iron consumption solutions. Notably, the RMS error (RMSE) value of the field uniformity is inherently unoptimized. This work proposed a novel passive shimming method that can deliver a significantly improved shimming solution by actively controlling the central magnetic field and specific magnetic field deviations in the region of interest. A detailed comparison between the conventional and proposed methods was conducted on a 9.4T human MRI superconducting magnet.

Results

The results showed that the new solution had a significant advantage in searching for superior magnetic field homogeneity with less iron piece consumption. Significantly, the RMSE value of the magnetic field over the DSV can be substantially reduced >10 times. The proposed algorithms are also very efficient, taking only several seconds to find the shimming solution.

Conclusion

The potential of the magnetic field homogeneity improvement methods will promote the development of high‐end MRI systems.
Engaging Stakeholders to Develop a Decision Support Model of Conservation Risk and Management Capacity to Prioritize Investments in Bull Trout Recovery
Authors: Brignon William R. , Davis M. Brian , Gunckel Stephanie , Dunham Jason , Meeuwig Michael H. , Allen Chris , Clements Shaun
Published: September 2022

Rarely are sufficient resources available to support the full suite of management actions to promote recovery of a species across its entire distribution. Decision support models are a tool that can inform natural resource management decisions with consideration of the perspectives from a variety of stakeholders who work across large geographic and jurisdictional extents. We offer an example of a decision support model that was developed by several federal and state natural resource agencies to rank Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus core areas for prioritizing conservation investment within Oregon, USA. We engaged state-level decision makers to identify parameters that were believed to be influential in determining funding allocations for Bull Trout core areas. Parameters were linked in a model framework that was further refined with input from local Bull Trout experts with knowledge specific to the various core areas. The model produces a relative priority value that is a combination of the conservation risk to the species and the management capacity to address threats. A series of sensitivity analyses suggested that Bull Trout persistence and threat score were most influential in determining the relative priority of a core area, whereas life history and genetic diversity were least influential. One of the more powerful products from this work is an interactive Web-based application (https://das.ecosphere.fws.gov/public/obts/) that anyone can use to explore how their beliefs in parameter values will affect the relative priority of Bull Trout core areas across Oregon. Our modeling effort is an example of engaging stakeholders with different roles in species recovery and across a large geographic area to create a clearer path forward in allocating limited resources for species recovery. This approach can be employed to address a number of natural resource management situations across species and habitats.
Development of a Professional Practice Nursing Model for a University Nursing School and Teaching Hospital: A nursing methodology research
Authors: Rojas‐Rivera Alejandra , Quiroga Natalia , Echeverria Araceli , Muñoz‐Larrondo Francisca , Concha‐Gutierrez Carolina , Galiano Alejandra , Larrain Ana , Herrera Beatriz Sánchez
Published: September 2022

Aim

The aim of the study was to describe the process of developing a Professional Practice Model by a Nursing School and Nursing Department of University Hospital.

Design and Method (s)

This is a descriptive nursing methodology research, developed along three stages: preliminary, empirical and validation. The empirical phase used qualitative and quantitative methodology. 28 teachers from the nursing school and nurses from the hospital participated. We defined the elements of the nursing meta‐paradigm from narratives and focus group. Then, we extracted propositions regarding the nature of nursing from the relationship between the meta‐paradigm elements, which concluded in the core elements.

Results

The core elements of this nursing professional practice model are nursing seeks the well‐being of the person, family or group; nursing is total and global, person‐centred; nursing is compassionate; nursing entails up‐to‐date, quality scientific, technical and human competencies; nursing is delivered in a teaching hospital environment, with a Christian ethical perspective.
The clinical learning environment during clinical practice in postgraduate district nursing students' education: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Larsson Margaretha , Sundler Annelie J. , Blomberg Karin , Bisholt Birgitta
Published: September 2022

Aim

To describe and compare the clinical learning environment in community‐based home care and primary health care in postgraduate district nursing students' education.

Design

Cross‐sectional study design.

Methods

A convenience sample of postgraduate district nursing students was derived from five Swedish universities in 2016 and 2017.

Results

The postgraduate district nursing students were generally satisfied with the clinical learning environment in their clinical placement. In clinical placement, several factors affected the students' opportunities to learn, such as sufficiently meaningful learning situations with multidimensional content. A working environment that imposed psychosocial strain and high levels of stress among the staff negatively affected the students' learning. To further improve their learning from clinical practices, the students need preceptors who have the skills and competence required to support more advanced reflections and critical thinking on caring situations.
Convergence analysis of a fast second‐order time‐stepping numerical method for two‐dimensional nonlinear time–space fractional Schrödinger equation
Authors: Zhang Hui , Jiang Xiaoyun
Published: September 2022

In this article, we consider the two‐dimensional nonlinear time–space fractional Schrödinger equation with space described by the fractional Laplacian. A second‐order fractional backward difference formula in the temporal direction while Fourier spectral method in the spatial direction is proposed to solve the model numerically. In the numerical implementation, a fast method is applied based on a globally uniform approximation of the trapezoidal rule for the integral on the real line to decrease the memory requirement and computational cost. By using the generalized discrete Gronwall inequality developed by Dixon and McKee and the temporal–spatial error splitting argument, the convergence of the fast time‐stepping numerical method is also proved in a simple manner without imposing the Courant‐Friedrichs‐Lewy (CFL) condition. Finally, some numerical results are provided to support the theoretical analysis.