bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qui sont les Dii mauri ?
Authors: Camps Gabriel
Published: October 2011

The author reviews the various but rare interpretations of the divine collectivity referred to by the name of Dii Mauri. From a re-examination of the literary or epigraphic mentions of the 50 specifically African local or regional divinities, and of the 20 dedications to the Dii Mauri known to this day, he believes he can propose the relationship, even the identity, between the local gods and the Dii Mauri. The comparison between the authors of the dedications shows that the worship of the local gods principally concerned « civilians » (82,5 %), whereas the Dii Mauri were invoked by governors, imperial procurators, soldiers (81,25 %). Moreover the Dii Mauri are invoked as often in Numidia and in Africa as in Caesarian Mauretania (they are unknown in Tingitana). Therefore the term of "maurus" is not linked to the Roman administrative carving, it applies to what is rebellious to Latin culture, to what is specifically native and unassimilable. Dii Mauri and African gods are the same divinities, only the dedicators change.
Du côté d'Ammaedara (Haïdra): Musulamii et Musunii Regiani
Authors: Benzina Ben Abdallah Zeïneb
Published: October 2011

II s'agit d'un nouveau témoignage épigraphique sur la présence des deux tribus des Musulamii et Musunii Regiani dans le centre-ouest de l'Afrique proconsulaire, au IIe siècle après J.-C. Ce texte qui provient d'Ammaedara confirme, par ailleurs, que la charge de praefectus gentis (délégué sur place par le pouvoir central pour diriger les tribus) était, à partir du règne de Trajan, confiée, de plus en plus, à des civils plutôt qu'à des militaires. En outre, il mentionne explicitement que ces deux gentes étaient soumises à l'autorité d'un seul praefectus.

Il est donc permis de conclure que le titre de praefectus gentium, quand il apparaît sans autre précision, n'englobait pas nécessairement l'ensemble des tribus de l'Afrique proconsulaire.
Vici et prouinciae d'après une inscription de Banasa
Authors: Gascou Jacques
Published: October 2011

Un passage de redit de Caracalla connu par une inscription de Banasa (IAM, 2, 100, lignes 12-14), faisant référence aux uici et aux prouinciae, a été diversement interprété et a fait récemment l'objet d'une nouvelle glose. Les uici seraient le territoire des cités, cependant que les prouinciae seraient, non pas les « provinces », mais les territoires attribués aux cités. L'usage des mots uicus et prouincia ne peut en aucun cas autoriser une telle explication. Nous tentons de montrer que le vocable prouinciae désigne bien des « provinces » (sans doute la Tingitane et la Césarienne), cependant que sous le mot uici, on doit voir les localités où vivaient des tribus indigènes théoriquement subordonnées à Rome, mais qui étaient considérées par le pouvoir central comme ne faisant pas vraiment partie des provinces.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for Dipteronia dyerana (Sapindaceae), an endangered endemic species in China
Authors: Chen Chen , Ren Bing‐Bing , Xu Xi‐Hui , Fu Cheng‐Xin , Qiu Ying‐Xiong
Published: October 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for Dipteronia dyerana, an endangered endemic species in China, to study the population genetics of this species.

• Methods and Results: Using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing repeats (FIASCO) protocol, 12 microsatellite markers that were successfully amplified showed polymorphism when tested on 31 individuals from two populations in the counties of Wenshan and Mengzi. Overall, the number of alleles per locus ranged between seven and 25, with an average of 12.3. Nine of these markers were able to be amplified in D. sinensis.

• Conclusions: These microsatellite markers should facilitate further studies on the population genetics and the reproductive ecology of Dipteronia.
L'infertilité comme analyseur de la parentalité
Authors: Bourdet-Loubère Sylvie , Mazoyer Anne-Valérie
Published: October 2011

Résumé La souffrance des couples « en mal d’enfant », les difficultés du parcours thérapeutique et la construction de la parentalité dans ces situations inédites sont éclairées par une présentation de situations cliniques rencontrées dans un service d’Aide Médicale à la Procréation (AMP). Les auteurs évoquent par exemple la demande d’un enfant « coûte que coûte », l’idéalisation de l’enfant issu de l’AMP ou encore le choix de l’adoption.
Processus de maternalité chez les femmes accueillies en centre maternel : de la passivation à la subjectivation
Authors: Proia-Lelouey Nadine , Schvan Catherine
Published: October 2011

Résumé À partir de leur clinique respective, les auteures s’interrogent sur les particularités et surtout sur les impasses de la maternalité chez les femmes accueillies en centre maternel. Elles s’appuient sur l’idée maintenant largement répandue selon laquelle la maternité constitue un moment particulier d’ouverture psychique et, en conséquence, de réactivation des traumatismes psychiques précoces. Elles tentent alors de montrer en quoi le concept de passivation compris comme trouble de l’accès à la passivité peut s’avérer opérant dans ce contexte clinique. Les auteures mettent ainsi en évidence en quoi la maternité réactive chez ces femmes les impasses psychiques de la prime enfance qui les a laissées dans la passivation mais aussi, en quoi ce moment peut en permettre l’élaboration et relancer le processus de subjectivation. Une vignette clinique vient illustrer les propos des auteures.
L'insoutenable de l'enfant réel
Authors: Juliot Lucie
Published: October 2011

Résumé Mme K. vient nous enseigner quelque chose de ce hiatus qui demeure entre la mère et la femme. Elle ne parvient pas à élaborer cette question de « l’être mère », l’enfant est en place d’objet réel, insoutenable, qu’elle évacue ou qui peut disparaître. Chaque maternité se déroule sous le sceau de l’angoisse, angoisse qui la mène vers le passage à l’acte. Mme K est happée par cet illimité, par cette toute puissance que peut avoir une mère sur son enfant.
La parentalité dans un couple lesbien : enjeux et questionnements
Authors: Naziri Despina , Dargentas Magda
Published: October 2011

Résumé Dans cet article nous abordons le discours de couples de femmes confrontées à l’IAD, dans le cadre d’une recherche clinique qui avait comme objet l’étude du processus psychique à travers lequel les partenaires d’un couple lesbien accèdent à la parentalité, en lien avec leur histoire personnelle et familiale et avec la dynamique établie dans leur couple. Nous présentons la méthodologie employée et les données obtenues. Notre approche combine une exploration longitudinale et psychodynamique (analyse de cas) et une analyse textuelle (en utilisant le logiciel ALCESTE) des entretiens cliniques réalisés avec les deux partenaires de 32 couples lesbiens ayant eu recours à l’Insémination Artificielle par Donneur (IAD) pour devenir parents. L’articulation des données obtenues à travers les deux types d’analyse du matériel nous permet de discuter l’impact de trois facteurs sur l’accès à l’homoparentalité de ces couples et sur la construction d’un projet parental : la place attribuée au donneur anonyme, l’incidence de l’acte médical de l’IAD, le processus d’attribution des places de la mère sociale et de la mère biologique au sein du couple.
L'emploi salarié dans le spectacle en 2008 : une diversité de situations
Authors: Gouyon Marie
Published: October 2011

Résumé En 2008, 440 000 personnes sur les 23 millions de salariés en France ont travaillé au moins une heure dans le secteur du spectacle (audiovisuel et spectacle vivant). Les volumes de travail et les rémunérations sont fortement concentrés par une minorité de salariés : 5 % des salariés du spectacle perçoivent 30 % du total des rémunérations. Polyvalence et pluriactivité caractérisent le salariat dans le spectacle, ce qui se traduit par une fragmentation de l’emploi : important recours aux contrats à durée déterminée et perception d’indemnités chômage en complément des salaires. Une typologie des salariés, articulée autour du volume de travail et du montant des salaires horaires, permet de caractériser six types principaux, des professionnels les plus impliqués, qui exercent au moins les trois quarts de leur activité dans le spectacle vivant (35 %) ou dans l’audiovisuel (37 %), aux salariés épisodiques (11 % dans l’audiovisuel et 17 % dans le spectacle vivant).
Politiques d'éducation artistique et culturelle : rôle et action des collectivités locales
Authors: Enel Françoise
Published: October 2011

Résumé Le développement de politiques d’éducation artistique et culturelle initiées par les collectivités territoriales depuis une vingtaine d’années donne lieu aujourd’hui à une mosaïque de dispositifs. À partir d’une observation menée en Nord – Pas-de-Calais et dans les Pays de la Loire, et après une présentation de la structuration de la politique d’éducation artistique et culturelle entre État et collectivités territoriales d’un point de vue historique, l’étude analyse les différentes configurations et stratégies développées à l’échelon territorial. Cinq configurations types sont identifiées : une politique d’éducation artistique et culturelle intégrée à la politique locale, une politique ciblée autour d’une discipline (spectacle vivant par exemple), une gouvernance multipolaire, une approche segmentée où acteurs et dispositifs se juxtaposent et enfin une mise en œuvre externalisée. Enfin, l’étude rappelle que le contexte de mutation politique et technologique est propice à une redéfinition du sens de l’action publique et de ses modalités en faveur notamment du développement des actions d’éducation artistique et culturelle.
Novel Agents and Emerging Treatment Strategies in Multiple Sclerosis. What Role for Cladribine?
Authors: Bagnato Francesca , Pirko Istvan
Published: October 2011

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory-degenerative illness of the central nervous system (CNS), remains at the moment a treatable but incurable disease. Currently available disease-modifying agents (DMA-s), the majority of which are being injected, mainly relieve the inflammatory phase of MS with little beneficial effect, if any, in halting neurodegeneration. Cladribine is an immunosuppressive agent that can be administered orally and by cycles of short-course dosing as opposed to continuous administration. Cladribine has been shown to be effective in reducing inflammatory activity of MS but much remains unknown regarding its potential beyond the control of CNS inflammation. In addition, knowledge on the safety profile of cladribine in MS is limited. Data from on going clinical studies and registries on its safety profile will shed more light on the actual benefit/risk ratio of cladribine.
Teen dating violence and substance use following a natural disaster: Does evacuation status matter?
Authors: Temple, PhD Jeff R. , Van den Berg, PhD Patricia , “Fred” Thomas, PhD John F. , Northcutt, OTR, MOT James , Thomas, MD Christopher , Freeman Jr, PhD Daniel H.
Published: October 2011

Objectives: In September 2008, the Texas coast was directly hit by Hurricane Ike. Galveston Island was flooded by 4.25 m of storm surge, affecting most of the island’s housing and infrastructure.The purpose of this study is to examine whether youth who did not evacuate (11 percent), and subsequently were exposed to Hurricane Ike, exhibit higher rates of substance use and physical and sexual teen dating violence (TDV; both perpetration and victimization) when compared with adolescents who did evacuate.Setting: Public high school in southeast Texas that was in the direct path of Hurricane Ike.Participants: An anonymous survey was conducted in March 2009 to 1,048 high school students who returned to the Galveston Island post-storm (41 percent Hispanic, 23 percent African American, and 27 percent White).Main outcome measures: Teen dating violence and substance use.Results: Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios, adjusting for age and ethnicity, were computed.When compared with boys who evacuated, nonevacuating boys were more likely to perpetrate physical dating violence and sexual assault and to be a victim of sexual assault. Nonevacuating boys and girls were more likely to report recent use of excessive alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine than those who did evacuate.Conclusions: School personnel, medical personnel, and mental health service providers should consider screening for evacuation status in seeking to identify those adolescents who most need services after a natural disaster. In addition to addressing internalized emotions and psychological symptoms associated with experiencing trauma, intervention programs should focus on reducing externalized behavior such as substance use and TDV.
Free and protected soil organic carbon dynamics respond differently to abandonment of mountain grassland
Authors: Meyer S. , Leifeld J. , Bahn M. , Fuhrer J.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Land-use change (LUC) and management are among the major driving forces of soil carbon (C) storage. Abandonment of mountain grassland promotes accumulation of aboveground biomass and litter, but related responses of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics are uncertain. To determine SOM-C turnover we sampled 0–10 cm of soils along land-use gradients (hay meadows, grazed pastures and abandoned grasslands) in the European Alps varying in management intensity at Stubai Valley (MAT: 3 °C, P: 1097 mm) in Austria and Matsch Valley (MAT: 6.6 °C, P: 527 mm) in Italy. We determined C input and decomposition rates of labile water-floatable and free particulate organic matter (wPOM, fPOM <1.6 g cm−3) and stable aggregate-occluded particulate and mineral-associated organic matter (oPOM <1.6 g cm−3, mOM >1.6 g cm−3) using bomb radiocarbon. At both sites C turnover decreased from w- and fPOM (4–8 yr) to oPOM (76–142 yr) to mOM (142–250 yr). Following abandonment C input pathways shifted from root-derived towards litter-derived C. The decomposition rates of labile wPOM-C declined with a decrease in litter quality, while both C input and C decomposition rates of labile fPOM increased with an increase in litter quantity. In contrast, protected stable SOM-C (oPOM-C, mOM-C) dynamics remained relatively unaffected by grassland abandonment. Carbon accumulation rates of labile POM fractions decreased strongly with time since LUC (10, 25 and 36 yr). For wPOM-C, for example, it decreased from 7.45 ± 0.99 to 2.18 ± 1.06 to 0.82 ± 0.21 g C m−2 yr−1. At both sites, most C was sequestered in the first years after LUC and labile SOM fractions reached new steady state within 20–40 yr. We concluded that w-and fPOM-C vs. oPOM-C dynamics respond differently to grassland management change and thus POM does not represent a homogeneous SOM fraction. Sequestered C is stored in the labile readily decomposable POM fractions and not stabilized in the long-term. Thus it is unlikely that abandonment, the dominant form of LUC in the European Alps, provides a substantial net soil C sink.
Highly Enantioselective Conjugate Addition–Cyclization Cascade Reaction of Malonates with o‐Hydroxycinnamaldehydes: Asymmetric Synthesis of 4‐Substituted Chromanols
Authors: Lee Yongcheon , Seo Seung Woo , Kim Sung‐Gon
Published: October 2011

The asymmetric organocatalytic conjugate addition–cyclization reaction of malonates with o‐hydroxycinnamaldehydes, which affords 4‐substituted chroman‐2‐ols, has been established using a diphenylprolinol trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether as organocatalyst. The desired products were obtained with good to excellent yields and high enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee). Synthetically useful chroman derivatives were formed after subsequent reactions.
Stabilization of Heavy Oil‐Water Emulsions using a Bio/Chemical Emulsifier Mixture
Authors: Farahbakhsh A. , Taghizadeh M. , Yakhchali B. , Movagharnejad K.
Published: October 2011

In this study, the viscosity reduction of heavy oil has been investigated through the formation of oil‐water emulsion using a bio/chemical emulsifier mixture. Four bioemulsifiers from indigenous Rhodococcus ergthropolis and Bacillus licheniformis strains were used to stabilize a highly‐viscous oil‐in‐water emulsion. The Taguchi method with an L9 orthogonal array design was used to investigate the effect of various control factors on the formation of the oil/water emulsions. An emulsion with lowest viscosity was formed using ACO4 strain. The substantial stability of the oil‐in‐water emulsion allows the heavy oil to be transported practically over long distances or remain stationary for a considerable period of time prior to utilization. As the result of Taguchi analysis, the temperature and concentration of the emulsifier had a significant influence on viscosity reduction of the emulsion.
Determination of Mechanism for Soot Oxidation with NO on Potassium Supported Mg‐Al Hydrotalcite Mixed Oxides
Authors: Zhang Y. , Su Q. , Li Q. , Wang Z. , Gao X. , Zhang Z.
Published: October 2011

Soot oxidation with NO (in the absence of gas phase O2) on potassium‐supported Mg‐Al hydrotalcite mixed oxides (K/MgAlO) was studied using a temperature‐programmed reaction and in situ FTIR techniques. Nitrite and the ketene group were identified as the reaction intermediates and thus a nitrite‐ketene mechanism was proposed in which surface active oxygen on K sites of K/MgAlO is transferred to soot by NO through nitrites. In the absence of gas phase O2, soot oxidation with NO at lower temperatures (below 450 °C) is limited by the amount of active oxygen on the K sites. This kind of active oxygen is not reusable but can be replenished in the presence of gas phase O2.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of Ketones and an Aldehyde to Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by a Binaphthyl Sulfonimide in Water.
Authors: Luo Chunhua , Du Da‐Ming
Published: October 2011

BNS is evaluated as a highly efficient and stereoselective catalyst.
FTIR, powder XRD, TEM and dielectric studies of pure and zinc doped nano‐hydroxyapatite
Authors: Tank K. P. , Sharma P. , Kanchan D. K. , Joshi M. J.
Published: October 2011

Hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 or HAP, is an important bio‐material, which is having application in bone implants and dentistry. In the present study, zinc doped nano‐hydroxyapatite (Zn‐HAP) was synthesized via chemical precipitation route using surfactant mediated approach. The doping of zinc was confirmed by EDAX. The powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed the typical hydroxyapatite pattern with broadening and extra peaks were observed for higher concentration. The average crystallite size was calculated by applying the Scherrer's formula to powder XRD pattern and was found in the range of 16 to 33 nm. The morphology of synthesized nano‐particles was also confirmed using TEM. FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm the presence of various bonds. The dielectric study was carried out at room temperature within the frequency range from 102 Hz to 107 Hz and the variations of dielectric constant with frequency of applied field as well as with the concentration of zinc were studied. It was found that as the concentration of zinc increased the dielectric constant increased. The variations of dielectric loss and a.c. conductivity with frequency of applied field were studied. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cyclopropanation Reactions Mediated by Group 9 Metal Porphyrin Complexes
Authors: Intrieri Daniela , Caselli Alessandro , Gallo Emma
Published: October 2011

The one‐pot reaction of diazo compounds with olefins represents a useful strategy to synthesise cyclopropanes, which are important both as starting materials for the synthesis of organic compounds and because of their intrinsic pharmaceutical properties. Herein we describe the catalytic activity of group 9 metal porphyrin complexes to cyclopropanate olefins that present different electronic behaviour. All the most important porphyrin‐based methodologies have been reviewed, stressing the stereocontrol of the reactions achieved in each case. Moreover, mechanism investigations have provided data that can help greatly to elaborate more efficient catalytic systems in the future.
An improved specimen generation method for DEM based on local Delaunay tessellation and distance function
Authors: Liu Jun , Yun Bin , Zhao Changbing
Published: October 2011

Discretizing a domain of interest into a set of particles for discrete element simulation is the first step to generate a specimen. An improved algorithm, the Seed Expansion Method (SEM), is proposed in this work. A seed is first generated inside a given domain. Then, the domain is filled by the seed expansion based on a local Delaunay tessellation and a distance function. An optional operation, refilling, is suggested to further improve the packing density after the completion of SEM. Polydisperse dense packing can be generated by the proposed method for an arbitrarily shaped domain in both 2D and 3D. A specimen can be obtained that approximately conforms to a specified size distribution and packing density. Multiple subdomains of a domain can be filled by packings with different densities and size distributions. A specimen with higher density can be obtained by comparing it with the existing methods. Mathematically, the features of the method include both simplicity and high efficiency. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organometallic and enzymatic catalysis for ring opening copolymerization of ε‐caprolactone and 4‐methyl‐ε‐caprolactone
Authors: Wang Cui , Xiao Yan , Heise Andreas , Lang Meidong
Published: October 2011

A series of copolymers containing ε‐caprolactone (CL) and 4‐methyl‐ε‐caprolactone (MeCL) were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) using Tin(II) bis(2‐ethylhexanoate)(Sn(Oct)2) or Novozym 435 as catalyst. The molecular structure and weight of copolymers were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC), respectively. Our kinetic study showed that the monomer reactivity ratios for CL (r1) and MeCL (r2) using Sn(Oct)2 as catalyst were estimated to be near unity and r1 × r2 = 1, indicating the random distribution of the monomers in the final copolymer. The results of DSC and XRD consistently indicated that the copolymers were inclined to be amorphous with the increasing of MeCL fraction. Microspheres were prepared from copolymers and characterized by SEM. The preliminary degradability and biocompatibility studies on these copolymers were also assessed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Hyperbranched copolymer micelles as delivery vehicles of doxorubicin in breast cancer cells
Authors: Zeng Xianghui , Zhang Yuning , Wu Zhihua , Lundberg Pontus , Malkoch Michael , Nyström Andreas M.
Published: October 2011

Four types of drug nanoparticles (NPs) based on amphiphilic hyperbranched block copolymers were developed for the delivery of the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) to breast cancer cells. These carriers have their hydrophobic interior layer composed of the hyperbranched aliphatic polyester, Boltorn® H30 or Boltorn® H40, that are polymers of poly 2,2‐bis (methylol) propionic acid (bis‐MPA), while the outer hydrophilic shell was composed of about 5 poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments of 5 or 10 kDa molecular weight. A chemotherapeutic drug DOX, was further encapsulated in the interior of these polymer micelles and was shown to exhibit a controlled release profile. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the NPs were uniformly sized with a mean hydrodynamic diameter around 110 nm. DOX‐loaded H30‐PEG10k NPs exhibited controlled release over longer periods of time and greater cytotoxicity compared with the other materials developed against our tested breast cancer cell lines. Additionally, flow cytometry and confocal scanning laser microscopy studies indicated that the cancer cells could internalize the DOX‐loaded H30‐PEG10k NPs, which contributed to the sustained drug release, and induced more apoptosis than free DOX did. These findings indicate that the H30‐PEG10k NPs may offer a very promising approach for delivering drugs to cancer cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Erratum: In situ STM observation of site‐ controlled InAs nano‐dot growth on GaAs(001) during In and As4 irradiations
Authors: Toujyou Takashi , Tsukamoto Shiro
Published: October 2011

The amounts of As4 flux, scanning time, and collapse time of InAs dot structure at 430 °C were erroneously reported and should be corrected. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
SEM imaging of air‐sensitive specimens
Authors: Hall J. B. , Hruskoci P. P.
Published: October 2011

A device has been built that allows four air‐sensitive specimens to be examined in a Philips 501 scanning electron microscope (SEM) without interrupting the vacuum. The specimens are mounted onto a revolving four‐faceted stage in an inert atmosphere. The sealed device is then mounted onto the goniometer substage of the SEM and interfaced with the stage rotation drive. After the microscope reaches the operating vacuum condition, the device is opened by turning the stage rotation knob. The device can be viewed with the SEM image during this operation. The same mechanism which opens and closes the device also rotates the four‐faceted sample mount to the desired specimen. The x and y translations of the SEM sub‐stage are used to move the specimen in the imaging plane. The operation of this device was tested with polyolefin catalysts which are extremely air‐sensitive.

The main advantage of this device is that it allows air‐sensitive specimens to be routinely examined without compromising the other uses of the SEM. Specimens mounted on this device can be viewed from 0 to ± 90° tilt. With a minor adaption, this device can be used to view the total 360° surface of a specimen in a manner similar to that described by Herrmann (1979).
The True History of the Conquest of New Spain
Authors: Díaz del Castillo Bernal
Published: October 2011

Bernal Díaz del Castillo (1492–1584) was a foot soldier in the army of Mexico's conqueror Hernán Cortés, and participated in the campaigns that led to the fall of the Aztec empire in 1521. This 1928 translation of his journals derives from the 1904 edition by the Mexican historian Genaro García - the first edition based on the original manuscript. Written as a corrective to accounts that overemphasised Cortés' exploits, Díaz's epic includes the experiences of the common soldier: hardship, thirst, long marches and unexpected attacks by rebels. The most complete contemporary chronicle of the Mexican conquest, this important historical document is also a captivating adventure narrative that combines factual accuracy with many dramatic anecdotes. This final volume contains chapters 174–214 and historical appendices by the editor. Díaz describes the aftermath of the Mexican conquest, and outlines how the Spanish established their authority over the land and its inhabitants.
Primitive Civilizations
Authors: Simcox Edith Jemima
Published: October 2011

Edith Simcox (1844–1901) was a prominent British feminist, social critic, and prolific writer. She published many articles and essays advocating support for women's rights to education, improved working conditions and suffrage. Her scholarly works in philosophy and economic history sought to demonstrate that contemporary capitalism was not the only route to a prosperous society. These volumes, first published in 1897, contain a comparative analysis of the economic history of ancient societies. Simcox discusses and compares aspects of economic history including ownership, industry and commerce, and domestic relations and ownership rights within families, in ancient Egypt, Sumeria and China. Through her comparisons, this pioneering volume examines economic effects on the proprietary rights of women, demonstrating that gender relations and contemporary ideals were not consistent across ancient cultures. Volume 1 contains her discussions of Egypt and Babylonia. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/public/svPeople?person_id=simced
The Works of John Ruskin
Authors: Ruskin John
Published: October 2011

The influence of John Ruskin (1819–1900), both on his own time and on artistic and social developments in the twentieth century, cannot be over-stated. He changed Victorian perceptions of art, and was the main influence behind 'Gothic revival' architecture. As a social critic, he argued for the improvement of the condition of the poor, and against the increasing mechanisation of work in factories, which he believed was dull and soul-destroying. The thirty-nine volumes of the Library Edition of his works, published between 1903 and 1912, are themselves a remarkable achievement, in which his books and essays - almost all highly illustrated - are given a biographical and critical context in extended introductory essays and in the 'Minor Ruskiniana' - extracts from letters, articles and reminiscences both by and about Ruskin. This sixth volume contains Volume 4 of Modern Painters.
The Works of John Ruskin
Authors: Ruskin John
Published: October 2011

The influence of John Ruskin (1819–1900), both on his own time and on artistic and social developments in the twentieth century, cannot be over-stated. He changed Victorian perceptions of art, and was the main influence behind 'Gothic revival' architecture. As a social critic, he argued for the improvement of the condition of the poor, and against the increasing mechanisation of work in factories, which he believed was dull and soul-destroying. The thirty-nine volumes of the Library Edition of his works, published between 1903 and 1912, are themselves a remarkable achievement, in which his books and essays - almost all highly illustrated - are given a biographical and critical context in extended introductory essays and in the 'Minor Ruskiniana' - extracts from letters, articles and reminiscences both by and about Ruskin. This seventh volume contains Volume 5 of Modern Painters.
The Works of John Ruskin
Authors: Ruskin John
Published: October 2011

The influence of John Ruskin (1819–1900), both on his own time and on artistic and social developments in the twentieth century, cannot be over-stated. He changed Victorian perceptions of art, and was the main influence behind 'Gothic revival' architecture. As a social critic, he argued for the improvement of the condition of the poor, and against the increasing mechanisation of work in factories, which he believed was dull and soul-destroying. The thirty-nine volumes of the Library Edition of his works, published between 1903 and 1912, are themselves a remarkable achievement, in which his books and essays - almost all highly illustrated - are given a biographical and critical context in extended introductory essays and in the 'Minor Ruskiniana' - extracts from letters, articles and reminiscences both by and about Ruskin. This sixteenth volume contains essays and lectures on aesthetics.
The Works of John Ruskin
Authors: Ruskin John
Published: October 2011

The influence of John Ruskin (1819–1900), both on his own time and on artistic and social developments in the twentieth century, cannot be over-stated. He changed Victorian perceptions of art, and was the main influence behind 'Gothic revival' architecture. As a social critic, he argued for the improvement of the condition of the poor, and against the increasing mechanisation of work in factories, which he believed was dull and soul-destroying. The thirty-nine volumes of the Library Edition of his works, published between 1903 and 1912, are themselves a remarkable achievement, in which his books and essays - almost all highly illustrated - are given a biographical and critical context in extended introductory essays and in the 'Minor Ruskiniana' - extracts from letters, articles and reminiscences both by and about Ruskin. This twentieth volume contains 'Lectures on Art' and 'Aratra Pentelici'.
The Heroic Age
Authors: Chadwick H. Munro
Published: October 2011

In this book, first published in 1912 as part of the Cambridge Archaeological and Ethnological Series, Chadwick compares Teutonic and Greek heroic literature, to shed light on both. This was the first discussion of his theory of a Heroic Age, which he was to expand in a three-volume work written with his wife, Nora Kershaw Chadwick, The Growth of Literature. Chadwick examines topics such as supernatural, religious, and mythic elements in Germanic, Scandinavian, and Homeric literature deriving from an older oral tradition, and also what they can tell us about the societies from which they derive. He uses philology and archaeological evidence as well as historical and literary sources, and shows how many common themes emerge in the different traditions. He argues that a heroic literature is something that appears in many cultures at different periods in history and which therefore requires a knowledge of anthropology for full understanding.
History of the Imâms and Seyyids of ‘Omân
Authors: Salîl-Ibn-Razîk
Published: October 2011

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. Salil Ibn Ruzayq was the author of a manuscript given to George Percy Badger (1815–88), a member of the Bombay Commission reporting on the secession of Zanzibar, by the ruler of Oman, Seyyid Thuwayni. The manuscript chronicles the history of Oman from the adoption of Islam c. 661 CE until 1856. This volume, first published in 1871, contains the English translation of the manuscript together with an analysis by Badger. The book provided the first indigenous account of the history of Oman in English.
Practical Introduction to Latin Prose Composition
Authors: Arnold Thomas Kerchever
Published: October 2011

Thomas Kerchever Arnold's Practical Introduction to Latin Prose Composition first appeared in 1839 and was reprinted in several editions due to popular demand, being adopted as a textbook in leading public schools. Ordained as a priest in 1827 after graduating from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1821, Arnold had studied both theology and classics, and wrote prolifically on both subjects. His first school textbook was published in 1836 and others followed steadily until his death in 1853. One of the chief merits of Arnold's classical publications was his use of contemporary works of German scholarship, to which he readily acknowledged his debt. He produced, alongside Latin and Greek textbooks, grammars of English, French, German, Italian, and Hebrew, and editions of many Greek and Latin authors. This introduction was designed to provide students with the basic tools with which to construct sentences and includes exercises on syntax and a vocabulary index.
Illustrious Irishwomen
Authors: Blackburne E. Owens
Published: October 2011

Elizabeth Owens Blackburne (1848–1894) was an Irish professional writer, novelist and biographer whose novels were mostly set in Ireland. After attending Trinity College, Dublin she published her first work in 1869, and moved to London in 1873 to pursue her career as a writer. These volumes, first published in 1877, contain a series of detailed biographies of Irish women who Blackburne considered pre-eminent. The biographies cover a broad range of women, including the semi-mythical Saint Brigit and Queen Macha, and are arranged chronologically. These volumes were the first biographical reference of Irish women to be published, and the balanced descriptions and extensive use of original sources ensure that they remain of value as a reference for researchers and historians. Volume 2 contains twenty biographies of Irish women writers and novelists.
The Gramineae
Authors: Arber Agnes
Published: October 2011

Agnes Arber (1879–1960) was a prominent British botanist specialising in plant morphology and comparative anatomy. In 1946 she became the first female botanist to be elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. First published in 1934, this volume provides a detailed comparative study of the Gramineae family of plants, which includes cereals, grasses and bamboos. Arber focuses on the general morphological features of these plants as shown by anatomical analysis, describing their life cycles, reproductive and vegetative phases, and embryology. The Gramineae family contains vitally important food plants such as wheat, millet and rice, leading Arber to begin her study with the history of human interaction with these plants. It was the first published general description of these important plants, and remains a classic example of comparative anatomical analysis. The book contains over 200 figures and an extensive bibliography.
Judaistic Christianity
Authors: Hort Fenton John Anthony
Published: October 2011

In these lectures published posthumously in 1894, the biblical scholar and theologian Fenton John Anthony Hort draws on his work on the early Christian Church and its transition from Judaism in the Apostolic period. Throughout his career, Hort devoted himself to the study of Christian history and to the joint editorship of a critical edition of the New Testament in Greek and, later, modern English. In his last years teaching at Cambridge University, his efforts centred on proving a first-century dating for the New Testament books, and researching the history and development of the church as described in them. The lectures in this volume respond to arguments of Hort's contemporaries, notably F. C. Baur and the Tübingen school, for a second-century dating. To support his case, Hort examines the relationship between Judaistic, Gentile and Pauline Christianity and analyses New Testament accounts of Christ's attitude to the Jewish faith.
Dr Livingstone's Cambridge Lectures
Authors: Livingstone David , Sedgwick Adam
Published: October 2011

Two lectures given by the medical missionary and explorer David Livingstone after his return to England from his travels in Africa (1841–1856) form the core of this book, which was originally published in 1858, the year when Livingstone set off on the British Zambezi expedition. The book also contains a biography, a letter from Adam Sedgwick (then Professor of Geology at Cambridge), and a thorough appendix covering the scientific results of the journey, describing the geography, mineralogy, diseases, and the language and cultural aspects of the peoples Livingstone encountered. Finally, Livingstone reports on the needs and prospects for further missionary work in Africa. Although Livingstone himself felt his calling was now to pursue purely scientific exploration, he hoped that the lectures and their subsequent publication would encourage other missionaries to continue his work of evangelisation.
The Works of John Ruskin
Authors: Ruskin John
Published: October 2011

The influence of John Ruskin (1819–1900), both on his own time and on artistic and social developments in the twentieth century, cannot be over-stated. He changed Victorian perceptions of art, and was the main influence behind 'Gothic revival' architecture. As a social critic, he argued for the improvement of the condition of the poor, and against the increasing mechanisation of work in factories, which he believed was dull and soul-destroying. The thirty-nine volumes of the Library Edition of his works, published between 1903 and 1912, are themselves a remarkable achievement, in which his books and essays - almost all highly illustrated - are given a biographical and critical context in extended introductory essays and in the 'Minor Ruskiniana' - extracts from letters, articles and reminiscences both by and about Ruskin. This twenty-second volume contains essays on art and science, including 'Lectures on Landscape' and 'The Eagle's Nest'.
Notes on the United States of North America during a Phrenological Visit in 1838–39–40
Authors: Combe George
Published: October 2011

George Combe (1788–1858) rose from humble origins to tour widely in Europe and the United States, lecturing on phrenology, the popular Victorian belief that character traits were determined by the configuration of the skull. He founded Britain's first Phrenological Society in 1820 in Edinburgh, and was considered the foremost phrenologist of the nineteenth century. These volumes, first published in 1841, contain Combe's account of a phrenological lecture tour he undertook in the United States between 1838 and 1840. In the form of a journal, Combe describes the social and political institutions of the United States, and provides vivid descriptions of American society and customs. He also provides accounts of phrenological practice and the lectures he presented. These volumes provide a wealth of information on nineteenth-century society in America, and invaluable details concerning the practice of phrenology. Volume 1 covers his stay in New York and New England.
Matthew Prior
Authors: Legg Leopold George Wickham
Published: October 2011

Matthew Prior (1664–1721) was a minor poet and diplomat under King William III and subsequently Queen Anne. As an envoy to the Netherlands and France and negotiator of the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 he had a ringside seat at the European power struggles of his time, while at the same time forging a literary career by publishing poetry and angling for the post of Poet Laureate. Prior's surviving correspondence to his patrons and paymasters is a uniquely witty record of diplomatic life. The first full-length biography of Prior, this book was first published in 1921. Its author, Leopold George Wickham Legg, was an editor of the Dictionary of National Biography. The appendixes include detailed information about Prior's family background and transcriptions of some of his surviving letters and a diary from 1712.
The History of Jamaica
Authors: Long Edward
Published: October 2011

Edward Long's three-volume work marks a major turning point in the historiography of Jamaica, as the first attempt at a comprehensive description of the colony, its history, government, people, economy and geography. The son of a prominent Jamaican plantation owner, Long (1734–1813) spent twelve years running his father's property, an experience which permeates his vision of the island's past, present and future. Throughout his book, Long defends slavery as 'inevitably necessary' in Jamaica, suggesting the institution to be implicit in the 'possession of British freedom'. Volume 2 presents a survey of the counties of Jamaica, information on religion, education and health, descriptions and racial classifications of the population, a history of the slave rebellions and details of the legal code governing slavery. This important 1774 book provides fascinating insights into eighteenth-century colonial Jamaica and the ideology of its commercial and administrative elite.
The Wonders of Geology
Authors: Mantell Gideon Algernon
Published: October 2011

Gideon Mantell (1790–1852) was an English physician and geologist best known for pioneering the scientific study of dinosaurs. After an apprenticeship to a local surgeon in Sussex, Mantell became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1811. He developed an interest in fossils, and in 1822 his discovery of fossil teeth which he later identified as belonging to an iguana-like creature he named Iguanadon spurred research into ancient reptiles. These volumes, first published in 1838, contain a series of eight lectures which describe and explain early principles of geology, stratification and fossil plants and animals to a non-scientific audience. These detailed volumes became Mantell's most popular work, and provide a fascinating view of the study of geology and palaeontology during the early nineteenth century. Volume 1 contains lectures 1–4, discussing the formation and composition of rock strata, chalk formations and fossil animals.
An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent
Authors: Newman John Henry
Published: October 2011

John Henry Newman (1801–1890) was a theologian and vicar at the university church in Oxford who became a leading thinker in the Oxford Movement, which sought to return Anglicanism to its Catholic roots. Newman converted to Catholicism in 1845 and became a cardinal in 1879. He published widely during his lifetime; his work included novels, poetry and the famous hymn 'Lead, Kindly Light', but he is most esteemed for his sermons and works of religious thought. This volume, first published in 1870, is an ambitious examination of the logical processes that underpin religious faith. Newman discusses how it is possible to believe what cannot be proven empirically, and postulates that the mind has the facility to bridge the logic gap to allow for humans to believe in things that they do not fully comprehend. A lucid and masterful work which remains relevant to contemporary discussions of faith.
Principles of Geometry
Authors: Baker H. F.
Published: October 2011

Henry Frederick Baker (1866–1956) was a renowned British mathematician specialising in algebraic geometry. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1898 and appointed the Lowndean Professor of Astronomy and Geometry in the University of Cambridge in 1914. First published between 1922 and 1925, the six-volume Principles of Geometry was a synthesis of Baker's lecture series on geometry and was the first British work on geometry to use axiomatic methods without the use of co-ordinates. The first four volumes describe the projective geometry of space of between two and five dimensions, with the last two volumes reflecting Baker's later research interests in the birational theory of surfaces. The work as a whole provides a detailed insight into the geometry which was developing at the time of publication. This, the fourth volume, describes the principal configurations of space of four and five dimensions.
Principles of Geometry
Authors: Baker H. F.
Published: October 2011

Henry Frederick Baker (1866–1956) was a renowned British mathematician specialising in algebraic geometry. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1898 and appointed the Lowndean Professor of Astronomy and Geometry in the University of Cambridge in 1914. First published between 1922 and 1925, the six-volume Principles of Geometry was a synthesis of Baker's lecture series on geometry and was the first British work on geometry to use axiomatic methods without the use of co-ordinates. The first four volumes describe the projective geometry of space of between two and five dimensions, with the last two volumes reflecting Baker's later research interests in the birational theory of surfaces. The work as a whole provides a detailed insight into the geometry which was developing at the time of publication. This, the sixth and final volume, describes the birational geometric theory of surfaces.
Retrospect of Western Travel
Authors: Martineau Harriet
Published: October 2011

Harriet Martineau (1802–1876) was a British writer and scholar who can be described as one of the first British sociologists. She was one of the first social theorists to examine all aspects of a society, including social class, religion, national character and the status of women in a society. After the death of her fiancé Martineau published articles on economics and taxation before embarking on a two year tour of the United States in 1834. She immersed herself in American society, visiting both Houses of Congress along with prisons, hospitals and literary and scientific institutions. These volumes contain a description of her travels through America. Written in the form of a travel book, Martineau's sharp powers of observation provide not only a vivid description of America but also insights into the construction of nineteenth century American society. Volume 3 contains her travels in New England.