bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota and prospects for probiotics in paediatric celiac disease
Authors: Khavkin A. I. , Yablokova E. A. , Shapovalova N. S. , Erokhina M. I.
Published: March 2024

Celiac disease is a chronic disease, with predominant damage to the small intestine and provoked by gluten consumption in genetically predisposed individuals. Previous large-scale studies suggest a possible role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of this disease. Changes in the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of microbiota of different genesis can lead to impaired regulation of immune response, which, in turn, may contribute to the development of gluten intolerance. In this context, it is relevant to analyse the data on changes in the intestinal microbiota in celiac disease and the possibility of its correction with probiotics as one of the strategies for the treatment of children with celiac disease, suffering from celiac disease.
Chronic critical patient in pediatrics: microbiological “portrait” and problems of antibiotic resistance
Authors: Loshkova E. V. , Solnyshko A. L. , Lyamin A. V. , Lyulka T. S. , Doroshenko I. V. , Budkin A. V. , Evtekhova O. A. , Kondratyeva E. I. , Shadrina V. V.
Published: March 2024

Patients who have experienced acute critical condition and realized the “syndrome of the consequences of intensive care” become “chronic critical patients” and need long-term maintenance of vital functions of the body for many months and even years. The progressive development of resuscitation care with the improvement of respiratory and nutritional support, the introduction of new drugs and the development of modern algorithms for the treatment of critical conditions in children led to an improvement in survival rates among patients in intensive care units. At the same time, not all surviving patients end the trajectory of the disease by recovery and some children remain dependent on one or another type of protection of the function of organs and systems. There are conditions that require long-term maintenance of the body in a hospital: in the intensive care unit, in the PIT or in the palliative care unit. Prolonged invasive effects, aggressive nosocomial microbiota, immunodeficiency conditions lead to permanent contamination and the formation of infection loci. Periodically relapses, reactivations of bacterial inflammation are of a specific nature inherent in a chronic critical patient. Therapy of these exacerbations is complex and should be carried out taking into account the peculiarities of this category of patients. For the prevention of chronic critical condition, microbiological monitoring should be carried out taking into account the sensitivity to antibiotics in order to timely antibacterial therapy, and in some cases, antibiotic prophylaxis. The authors of the present review consider in detail the problem of microbial colonization in a chronic critical child on the example of various pathological conditions occurring with the formation of chronic lung disease. These issues should be considered by doctors of different levels of medical care in routine practice.
Analysis of risk factors, clinical and somatometric characteristics and vitamin D availability in infants with transient lactose intolerance
Authors: Denisov M. Yu. , Bekhtenov D. A. , Ivashchenko R. Yu.
Published: March 2024

The study of perinatal risk factors and the clinical and somatometric condition of infants with primary transient lactose intolerance, as well as their vitamin D supply, was carried out. The 48 children of the first six months of life were examined. Risk factors were identified in the mothers of the examined infants, which, in our opinion, were the basis for the formation of morphofunctional immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract in children (the mother’s age is more than 30 years old, iron deficiency anemia, the threat of termination of pregnancy, operative delivery, etc.). When assessing the condition of infants, somatometric status disorders were diagnosed in 54.2% of cases, of which malnutrition was detected in 76.9% of cases, and abnormal weight gain in 23.1% of cases. We have established the important fact that morphofunctional immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract and inadequate drug enteral support led in 61.5% of cases to insufficient vitamin D supply, determining metabolic disorders. We have refined a two-stage algorithm for nutritional support for patients with nutritional status disorders, including the mandatory use of micellar solutions of cholecalciferol.
Applications of Vedic Computing for Quantum Computing
Authors: KUMAR CRS
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates the intriguing potential of integrating Vedic Computing—a system of computing principles originating from ancient Indian texts—into the realm of quantum computing. While quantum computing offers unprecedented computational capabilities, leveraging ancient vedic wisdom could pave the way for enhanced efficiency and novel solutions.Through a comprehensive exploration, we examine the application of Vedic computing techniques in various facets of quantum computing. Firstly, we delve into algorithm development, exploring how Vedic sutras and computational methods could inspire the creation of quantum algorithms with improved speed and scalability. Secondly, we investigate the role of Vedic computing in quantum error correction. Given the inherent fragility of quantum states, robust error correction mechanisms are crucial for the reliability of quantum computers. We explore the potential of Vedic principles to contribute to the development of innovative error correction codes and strategies. Furthermore, we explore the intersection of Vedic number theory and quantum cryptography. With the advent of quantum computing, conventional cryptographic methods face threats from quantum algorithms like Shor's algorithm. We investigate how Vedic insights into number theory could inform the design of quantum-resistant cryptographic protocols.Additionally, we consider the application of Vedic optimization techniques in quantum computing. Quantum computers excel at solving optimization problems, and incorporating Vedic optimization principles could further enhance their performance in diverse domains such as logistics, finance, and artificial intelligence. Through theoretical analysis and computational simulations, we demonstrate the potential synergies between Vedic Computing and quantum computing. This interdisciplinary approach not only enriches the understanding of both fields but also opens new avenues for exploration and innovation at the intersection of ancient wisdom and modern technology.
The effects of maternal input on language in the absence of genetic confounds: Vocabulary development in internationally adopted children
Authors: Coffey Joseph , Snedeker Jesse
Published: March 2024

Previous studies have found correlations between parent input and child language outcomes, providing prima facie evidence for a causal relation. However, this could also reflect the effects of shared genes. The present study removed this genetic confound by measuring English vocabulary growth in 29 preschool-aged children (21 girls) aged 31- to 73-months and 17 infants (all girls) aged 15- to 32-months adopted from China and Eastern Europe and comparing it to speech produced by their adoptive mothers. Vocabulary growth in both groups was correlated with maternal input features; in infants with mean-length of maternal utterance, and in preschoolers with both mean-length of utterance and lexical diversity. Thus, input effects on language outcomes persist even in the absence of genetic confounds.
The Benefits of Preregistration and Registered Reports
Authors: Lakens Daniel , Mesquida Cristian , Rasti Sajedeh , Ditroilo Massimiliano
Published: March 2024

Practices that introduce systematic bias are common in most scientific disciplines, including toxicology. Selective reporting of results and publication bias are two of the most prevalent sources of bias and lead to unreliable scientific claims. Preregistration and Registered Reports are recent developments that aim to counteract systematic bias and allow other scientists to transparently evaluate how severely a claim has been tested. We review metascientific research confirming that preregistration and Registered Reports achieve their goals, and have additional benefits, such as improving the quality of studies. We then reflect on criticisms of preregistration. Beyond the valid concern that the mere presence of a preregistration may be mindlessly used as a proxy for high quality, we identify conflicting viewpoints, several misunderstandings, and a general lack of empirical support for the criticisms that have been raised. We conclude with general recommendations to increase the quality and practice of preregistration.
The added value of affective processes for models of human cognition and learning
Authors: Stussi Yoann , Dukes Daniel , Sander David
Published: March 2024

Building on the affectivism approach, we expand on Binz et al.’s meta-learning research program by highlighting that emotion and other affective phenomena should be key to the modeling of human learning. We illustrate the added value of affective processes for models of learning across multiple domains with a focus on reinforcement learning, knowledge acquisition, and social learning.
When Empathy Gets Tough: Neural Responses to Overcoming the Self in a Novel Paradigm Predict Everyday Prosocial Behavior
Authors: Ma Shanshan , Maresh Erin L , Coppola Andrea M , Richard Katherine E. , Koban Leonie , Sbarra David , Andrews-Hanna Jessica R.
Published: March 2024

Empathy is essential for social relationships and well-being, yet conventional studies often do not capture the self-regulatory demands inherent to everyday empathic responding in close relationships. We therefore developed a novel empathy paradigm (the CLOSE task) to mimic everyday demands to “overcome the self”, and used this paradigm to examine how the neural correlates of empathy relate to real-world prosocial behavior across 131 adults (from 71 romantic couples). The CLOSE task includes positive and negative social feedback directed at participants and their partners in separate and simultaneous conditions. When participants overcame self-directed feedback to empathize with their partner, they recruited regions critical for self-regulation (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) beyond those typically associated with affective and cognitive empathy. Brain activity in several hypothesized regions related to variation in trait empathy and everyday supportive behavior. This study highlights the real-world significance of transcending self-focused feelings to engage in empathy and prosocial behavior.
"My Family Won't Let Me." Adolescent-Reported Barriers to Accessing Mental Health Care
Authors: Roulston Chantelle A , Chen Sharon , Ahuvia Isaac , Fassler Julia , Fox Kathryn , Schleider Jessica L.
Published: March 2024

Depression is the leading cause of disability among adolescents. Fewer than 50% of youth with depression access mental healthcare services. Leveraging a mixed-methods approach, this pre-registered study characterized youths’ self-reported barriers to accessing mental healthcare in a socio-demographically diverse sample of 123 United States adolescents (ages 13-16, identifying as Asian, Hispanic, Black, White, or other race; man, woman, or gender minority; heterosexual or sexual orientation minority). All participants were experiencing elevated depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 score of ≥2) and endorsed wanting mental health support but being unable to access it. We asked participants an open-ended question gauging perceived barriers to accessing care (“what has kept you from getting support when you wanted it?”), and a binary item gauging perceived current need for mental health support (“right now, do you feel that you need support for emotional or mental health problems?”). Via thematic analysis on responses to the perceived barriers question, we identified a total of 14 categories of barriers. Across all participants, 42.48% (n=52) endorsed family-related barriers and 31.71% (n=39) endorsed finance-related concerns. We conducted Chi-square and logistic regression analyses, examining rates of endorsing specific barriers as a function of (a) perceived current support need and (b) demographic variables (e.g. race/ethnicity, gender). In the current study, all adolescents endorsed similar categories of treatment access barriers, regardless of race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and level of depression. Implications for increasing mental healthcare access for adolescents with elevated depression symptoms are discussed.
Development and validation of the Salt Intake-Related Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire for Malaysian adults
Authors:   Nutritional Sciences Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia, Zainorain Natasha Zainal Arifen , Ngoh Wan Hwah ,   Nutritional Sciences Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia, Hng Jie Wei ,   Nutritional Sciences Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia, Ismail Siti Aishah ,   Nutritional Sciences Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia, Fairuzam Maryam Hanis ,   Nutritional Sciences Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia, Haron Hasnah ,   Nutritional Sciences Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Malaysian adults consume excessive amounts of salt daily, which could lead to hypertension. Understanding knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) surrounding salt intake is crucial for designing effective interventions to reduce excessive consumption and its associated health risks. Therefore, this study aimed to adapt an existing salt intake-related KAP questionnaire that was previously employed in a local population-based survey and to validate and test its reliability. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised two phases: (1) adaptation, content validation (CV), and face validation (FV); (2) pilot testing and reliability testing. CV and FV involved a total of seven experts and ten Malaysian adults from the Klang Valley, respectively. Pilot testing involved 139 Malaysian adults to determine the questionnaire’s reliability. Content validity index (CVI) and Face validity index (FVI) values were calculated to analyse CV and FV. Reliability of each domain was analysed by obtaining Cronbach’s alpha (α) values. Results: A self-administered questionnaire comprising six items each for knowledge, attitude, and practice was developed. The questionnaire demonstrated acceptable item-level CVI (I-CVI) and item-level FVI (I-FVI) values of at least 0.83, indicating that the items were relevant, clear, non-ambiguous, and simple. Reliability test showed acceptable α values of at least 0.70 for each domain, suggesting that the questionnaire was reliable. Conclusion: This tool could be considered valid and reliable for assessing the level of KAP towards salt intake among adults in Malaysia.
Socio-demographic factors and parental feeding practices predicted body mass index of Malaysian children with learning disabilities
Authors:   Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia, Siti Fathiah Mohamed , Divya Vanoh ,   Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia, Soo Kah Leng ,   Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Overweight and obesity have emerged as significant global health concerns among children. Previous studies have provided evidence that children with intellectual and learning disabilities (LD) are at a higher risk of obesity compared to their peers without disabilities. Methods: This study aimed to predict body weight status of children with LD who attended Special Education Integration Program in Kelantan, located on East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Parents completed a self-administered questionnaire in Malay language, which included “Screening Tool of Feeding Problems” children’s version (STEP-CHILD) and Comprehensive Feeding Practice Questionnaire (CFPQ). The children’s body weight and height were measured to determine body mass index (BMI). Research hypothesis was tested through stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Results: This study recruited 245 subjects with mean age of 10.5±1.7 years and mean BMI of 18.5±4.9 kg/m2. Prevalence of underweight, thinness and severe thinness was 12.2%, while overweight and obesity was 29.0%. Male children with LD (β=0.109, p<0.044), older age (β=0.226, p<0.001), higher child birth weight (β=0.119, p<0.029), lack of parental modelling (β=-0.170, p=0.004), lower parental pressure (β=-0.266, p<0.001), and higher restriction for weight control (β=0.361, p<0.001) were found to predict higher BMI values. Conclusion: Positive parental feeding practices during mealtime are crucial for addressing the poor nutritional status of children with LD.
Fostering Livelihoods: Exploring the Scope and Challenges of Non-Timber Forest Products in Magar Community
Authors: Sapkota Khila Nath
Published: March 2024

The paper aims to investigate the management practices and income-generating potential of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in promoting the livelihoods of the Magar community in Janjang Village, Sindhuli. The Magar community, a marginalized indigenous nationality in Nepal, relies on NTFPs harvested from nearby forests. The study evaluates the commercial significance of NTFPs and the involvement of Magars in their trade, particularly with India. Through an empirical approach, the research involved unstructured interviews with fifteen local households to gather information. Findings indicate that while the collection and trade of NTFPs may not be a lucrative income source for individuals with higher landholdings, food security, and alternative income streams, it holds significant importance for Magars lacking access to land and alternative sources of income.  It is a very nominal price offered for the NTFPs collected by the Magar community which does not even cover the labor costs (Piya et al., 2013). In response to the identified challenges, the community has recognized the need for collective action and established the Magar Community Support Cooperative Limited (MSCL) to facilitate and enhance NTFP trading. The cooperative has implemented institutionalized practices to streamline the processes involved in the collection, management, marketing, and trading of non-timber forest products (NTFPs). This cooperative structure aims to improve the overall efficiency and effectiveness of NTFP-related activities, fostering sustainable livelihoods for the Magar community in the Janjang Village of Sindhuli.
Instytucja zatrzymania osoby oraz zatrzymania rzeczy z perspektywy gwarancji konstytucyjnych – kilka uwag na marginesie art. 41 i art. 64 Konstytucji RP
Authors: Sowiński Piotr Krzysztof
Published: March 2024

Niniejszy tekst poświęcono instytucji zatrzymania rzeczy i zatrzymania osoby z perspektywy gwarancji, jakie udzielają prawu własności oraz wolności osobistej odnośne przepisy Konstytucji RP z 1997 roku. Omówiono regulacje art. 64 i art. 41 ustawy zasadniczej, wytykając im pewną ogólnikowość rozwiązań chroniących prawo własności, ale też zauważając szczegółowość ochrony udzielanej prawu do wolności osobistej. Przedstawiono sposób transpozycji wzorca ochrony wolności osobistej na grunt procesu karnego, poddając oddzielnej analizie przepisy art. 244 kodeksu postępowania karnego. Na bazie tej ostatniej analizy zauważa się pewną homogeniczność gwarancji wolności osobistej i gwarancji prawa do obrony, czego wyrazem jest prawo do pomocy prawnej oraz prawo do pomocy tłumacza.
Studying the effect of strain rate on tensile properties of nanocrystalline Cu50Ni50 alloy using molecular dynamics simulation method
Authors:   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, 39A Street, Dan Tien Commune, Khoai Chau District, Hung Yen Province, Vietnam, Tran Anh Son , Doan Dinh Quan ,   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, 39A Street, Dan Tien Commune, Khoai Chau District, Hung Yen Province, Vietnam, Pham Anh Vu ,   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, 39A Street, Dan Tien Commune, Khoai Chau District, Hung Yen Province, Vietnam, Vu Hong Son ,   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, 39A Street, Dan Tien Commune, Khoai Chau District, Hung Yen Province, Vietnam, Hoang Van Han ,   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, 39A Street, Dan Tien Commune, Khoai Chau District, Hung Yen Province, Vietnam, Pham The Tan ,   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, 39A Street, Dan Tien Commune, Khoai Chau District, Hung Yen Province, Vietnam, Chu Van Tuan ,   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, 39A Street, Dan Tien Commune, Khoai Chau District, Hung Yen Province, Vietnam
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the effect of different strain rates on the tensile properties of nanocrystalline Cu50Ni50 alloy was investigated using the molecular dynamics simulation method, one of the simulation methods widely used in the field of nanomaterials today. The Voronoi method was applied to establish the nanocrystalline structure, and ATOMSK software was used to create the tensile test specimens of the polycrystalline Cu50Ni50 alloy. The stress-strain relationship, phase transformations, lattice dislocations, shear strain and von Mises stress distributions were evaluated. The results showed that the higher the strain rate, the higher the tensile strength value of the nanocrystalline Cu50Ni50 alloy. The phase transition from the Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) structure to the Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP) structure is predominant, and the Shockley dislocation prevails during the tensile process. The atoms with high shear strain are mainly concentrated at the locations where the material is most severely deformed, while the atoms with high von Mises stress are mainly focused inside the grain boundaries.
Evaluation of the diagnostic value of a rapid diagnostic test kit for detection of rubella virus
Authors:   Center for Research and Production of Vaccines and Biologicals, 135 Lo Duc Street, Pham Dinh Ho Ward, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Ngo Thu Huong , Ngo Tien Tho ,   Center for Research and Production of Vaccines and Biologicals, 135 Lo Duc Street, Pham Dinh Ho Ward, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Dang Hien ,   Center for Research and Production of Vaccines and Biologicals, 135 Lo Duc Street, Pham Dinh Ho Ward, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Truong Quoc Phong ,   Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet Street, Bach Khoa Ward, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Tran Van Son ,   Center for Research and Production of Vaccines and Biologicals, 135 Lo Duc Street, Pham Dinh Ho Ward, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: March 2024

Rubella is a respiratory infection caused by the Rubella virus. Although most cases of the disease are mild, when pregnant women contact with the virus, it can lead to severe birth defects in the fetus. Therefore, screening and early diagnosis of rubella infection are necessary. In pursuit of this objective, we have conducted research and developed a rapid test kit for the rubella virus antigen. The test kit is based on a lateral flow immunoassay that utilises gold nanoparticles. This study aimed to characterise the test kit by evaluating its detection threshold, cross-reactivity with several pathogens, repeatability, sensitivity, and specificity. The results showed that the test kit is capable of detecting samples containing 105 PFU of the rubella virus. The kit did not show any cross-reactivity with samples containing pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Candida albicans,the measles virus, influenza virus or Adenovirus. The test kit exhibited 100% reproducibility for both negative and positive samples. Its sensitivity and specificity were determined to be 98 and 99%, respectively.
Translocator Protein TSPO (Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor): The Modern Story of the Ancient Preserved Protein with Ambiguous Functions
Authors: Al Mulla Hummadi Yassir Mustafa Kamal
Published: March 2024

In several tissues, including the brain, heart, blood, intestines, adrenal glands, and liver, the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) was shown to be the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor. There is strong evidence that TSPO is expressed in microglial cells in the central nervous system. Five transmembrane regions are seen at the cellular level in TSPO at the contact points between the outer and inner layers of mitochondria. The cytosolic region of the complex of amino acids that binds cholesterol is where cholesterol is taken up. TSPO is found as a monomer of 18 kDa and homomultimers and homodimers. Different factors, such as cholesterol concentration and reactive oxygen species, change the multimeric structure. As a result, TSPO gains responsibility for transferring cholesterol to the mitochondrial intermembrane space, transforming it into a steroid. Additionally, TSPO appears to collaborate with other mitochondrial membrane proteins to play a part in regulating the activity of the MPTP (mitochondrial permeability transition pore) and, therefore, in the elements of apoptosis. In vivo imaging of TSPO addresses a significant test in examining brain pathology like neuroinflammatory, Alzheimer’s, and schizophrenia. Additionally, TSPO’s use as a biomarker may have important implications for developing more viable diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The current work surveys the TSPO cellular origin and attempts to comprehend its role in various physiological and pathological conditions.
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Fennel Leaves: Process optimization, Thin Layer Chromatography and Cytotoxic Activity of Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Abdul-lalil Thukaa zuhair
Published: March 2024

Foeniculum vulgare commonly known as fennel belonging to the family Umbelliferae, is cultivated throughout the world as a spices as well as medicinal plant possessing antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, …etc. A Single Factor Experiment analysis has been employed in this study to optimize caffiec acid extraction from fennel leaves by ultrasound assisted extraction method in which three variables single factor examined which were ethanol concentration, extraction time and ultrasound frequency. The study's objective was to assess the effects of variables chosen on caffiec acid's extraction performance, preliminary evaluated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and evaluate the cytotoxic effect of optimized ethanolic extract of this plant on human breast cancer (MDA-MB-468) cell line. the experimental results revealed that the most influential extraction variables were: 80% ethanol as extraction solvent, 15 min was the time to achieve the good extraction efficacy and 40 KHz ultrasound frequency and The IC50 value of the cytotoxic effect (P < 0.05) of optimized ethanolic extract of Iraqi Foeniculum vulgare leaves on MDA-MB-468 cell line after 72 h of incubation were significantly high (46.89 µg/ml). The results of this study will be used to create a natural medicine for the symptoms of various diseases and to standardize the processes for extracting caffeic acid from natural items, particularly fennel.
Assessment of phytotoxicity of potable water treatment plant sludge-bound compost pellets on seed germination of radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Authors: De Silva R.S.D.  , Amarasinghe S.R  , Ranawaka R.A.A.K.
Published: March 2024

Maintenance of compost pellet stability highly depends on the binding materials used. Potable water treatment plant sludge (WTPS) has the potential to be used as a binding material due to its high content of clay, organic matter, and nutrients. Compost and WTPS may contain heavy metals, toxic compounds, salts, and growth inhibitors and they may be phytotoxic to the plants. The present study aimed to assess the phytotoxicity of different pelleted compost using a seed germination bioassay of Raphanus sativus L. Pellet aqueous extracts (PAEs) were prepared from four types of compost pellets (T1: commercial compost pellet, T2: commercial integrated pellet, T3: WTPS-bound compost pellet, T4: WTPS-bound integrated pellet). The dilution sequence of PAEs at 50% and 100% concentrations were tested for seed germination in Petri dishes in a randomized design with three replicates. pH, EC, and selected heavy metal concentrations (Al3+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Cr6+) were determined in PAEs. Relative Seed Germination % (RSG%), Relative Radicle Growth % (RRG%), and Germination Index (GI) were calculated for all the treatments after 72 hours. RSG%, RRG%, and GI showed negative correlation with EC. PAEs of T2 showed high phytotoxicity, while T4 showed less phytotoxicity at the 100% concentration level, whereas other treatments did not show any signs of phytotoxicity. All the PAEs at 50% concentration level were free from phytotoxicity. Hence, 10% WTPS on a w/w basis can be used as a binding material in pelletizing loose compost.
සීගිරි ගීවලින් නිරූපිත නිර්ව්‍යාජ කවිත්වය
Authors: භාග්‍යා දිල්හානි මාබුලගේ
Published: March 2024

කි‍්‍ර. ව. 8, 9, 10 වැනි සියවස්වලට අයත් සීග ිරි කුරුටු ගී මගින් අනුරාධපුර යුගයේ සමාජීය, ආර්ථික, දේශපාලන,ආගමික හා සංස්කෘතික යනාදි ක්ෂේත‍්‍ර නිරූපිත ය. සමාජයේ නොයෙක් තනතුරු හෙබවූවෝ සීග ිරිය නැරඹීමටපැමිණ බෙයන ්දෙහි වූ ලලනා සිතුවම් හා සීග ිරිය අවට පරිසරය පිළිබ`ද තමන්හට දැනුණු හැ`ගීම් ඒආකාරයෙන්ම කැටපත් පවුරෙහි ලියා තැබූහ. එසේ ගී ලිය ුවෝ අතර රජවරුන්, කුමර කුමරියන්, සාමාන්‍ය ගැමිපුද ්ගලයන්, බෞද්ධ භික්ෂූන්, නියම් ජෙට්, වෙද්නා, පසක් කැමි, වෙණද, ඇදුර්, කමණ ආදීහු වෙත්. සීගිරි ගීවලස`දහන්ව ඇති පරිදි මොවුහු රුහුණ, උතුර වැනි දිවයිනේ නන් දෙසින් පැමිණියෝ වූහ. කැටපතෙහි අක්ෂරලිවීම පහසු කාර්යයක් නොවේ. එසේම ඇත්තේද සුළු ඉඩ හසරකි. එසේ වතුදු තමන්ට හැ`ගුණු සිතුවිලිඑලෙසින්ම ලියා තැබීමද කළ යුතු වේ. මෙක ී සියලු කරුණු සලකා බලා සීග ිරි කුරුටු ගී රචනා කළ කවියෝම ුක ්තක නම් ප‍්‍රබන්ධ ක‍්‍රමය භාවිත කොට තම සිතුවිලි පර්වතයෙහි ලිවීමට සිතූහ. මෙම කාව්‍ය විශේෂය පැරණිකාව්‍ය විචාරකයන් දැන සිටියා වූ විශිෂ්ට කාව්‍ය බන ්ධන ක‍්‍රමයකි. මේ පිළ ිබ`ද අල්ප වූ ස`දහනක ් සියබස්ලකරෙහිදක්නට ලැබේ (ලොකුබණ්ඩාර, 2009: 13 පිටුව*. එසේ විරචිත සීග ිරි ගීවලින් නිරූපණය වන නිර්ව්‍යාජ කවිත්වයකෙබ`දු දැයි යන්න මෙම ලිප ියේ පර්යේෂණ ගැටලුව අතර සීග ිරි ගීවලින් එම නිර්ව්‍යාජ කවිත්වය නිරූපණයවන ආකාරය නිරීක්ෂණ කිරීම මෙම පර්යේෂණ ලිපියේ අරම ුණ විය.
Langite from Mýtinka near Horní Halže in the Krušné hory Mts. (Czech Republic)
Authors: Vácha Jakub , Všianský Dalibor
Published: March 2024

Horní Halže – Mýtinka is a mineral occurrence located near Mýtinka in the Krušné hory Mts. In the past, the area was intensively mined for iron (namely hematite in quartz veins). Quartz veins are located on complicated intersections of fault systems in mica schists and migmatites (Urban – Crkal 2021). Recently, Sejkora et al. (2021) described rich Cu mineralization found in the remains of old mine dumps. Sulfide mineralization is represented by pyrite, djurleite, roxbyite, anilite, spionkopite, bornite and covellite, supergene phases by malachite, brochantite, liebethenite and pseudomalachite. The studied material (thin blue coating on a part of a single sulfide grain 3 mm in size; Fig. 1) was found by the first author in 2021 at the old mine dump and matches the material described by Sejkora et al. (2021). The blue phase was identified as langite [Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O] using combination of EDS, Raman and pXRD. Chemical composition of examined mineral coating was analyzed using EDS, which detected presence of Cu, S and O contents only (with Cu significantly higher than S). Raman spectrum of langite from Mýtinka (Fig. 2, Tab. 1) was acquired using a HORIBA LabRam spectrometer and the data were processed using Systat PeakFit software. Proposed spectrum model is in very good agreement with empirical data (r2 = 0.992). Assignment of individual bands according to Martens et al. (2002, 2003) is proposed in Table 1. Raman spectrum of langite is similar to those of posnjakite [Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · H2O] and wroewolfeite [Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · H2O]. By combining (poorly and only partially presented) data of Frost et al. (2004) and Martens et al. (2002), following differences among these phases were identified. Bands at 155 and 258 (262 in this work) cm–1 are present in the Raman spectrum of langite but missing in that of posnjakite. The Raman spectrum of wroewolfeite is devoid of bands at 507 and 596 (500 and 598 in this work) cm–1, characteristic of langite, and at 511 and 596 cm–1, characteristic of posnjakite. About 15 fragments of the coating, 20–100 µm in size, were analyzed on Panalytical X’Pert powder XRD diffractometer. Only four diffraction maxima were obtained due to a very small amount of material available. Nevertheless, corresponding d-values are in a good agreement with data for langite (Tab. 2; Galy et al. 1984).
New occurrences of Paseky Shale near Podlesí NW of Příbram and microfossils from the Nové Podlesí locality (Cambrian, Holšiny-Hořice Formation, Příbram-Jince Basin)
Authors: Vorel Tomáš , Kovář Vojtěch
Published: March 2024

Previously unrecorded occurrences of the Paseky Shale were found in the course of geological mapping at three localities NW of Příbram near Podlesí (Fig. 1). This shale makes a part of the Cambrian Series 2, Holšiny-Hořice Formation in the Příbram-Jince Basin. The shale was documented ca. 250 m S and about 80 m NE of the Malá Dubová hora summit as abundant loose rock fragments (Fig. 2) and soil skeleton (Fig. 3), respectively. An outcrop of the Paseky Shale was found in a small quarry near Nové Podlesí (Figs 4 to 9). The Paseky Shale has a significant position within the geological record of the Barrandian area as it hosts the oldest macrofossil fauna in the Czech Republic, most notably the aglaspid-like arthropod Kodymirus vagans Chlupáč & Havlíček 1965 (Chlupáč – Havlíček 1965, Lamsdell et al. 2013). A microfossil analyses of samples from the quarry near Nové Podlesí has been carried out. The microfossils are relatively sparse and generally rather poorly preserved. The assemblage consists mostly of filaments belonging to the genus Siphonophycus Schopf 1968, emend. Knoll et al. 1991 (Fig. 10 A, D, E, F) ranging from ca. 8 to 50 µm in width. Less common are representatives of Leiosphaeridia minutissima Naumova 1949, emend. Jankauskas in Jankauskas et al. 1989 (Fig. 10 B, C). No other acritarchs were found. Residues further include poorly identifiable fragments of organic-walled microfossils, most likely representing degraded filaments (Fig. 10 G). The studied assemblage is consistent with findings from other localities of the Paseky Shale. However, further relatively rarer components of the microfossil assemblages known from other localities (see Fatka – Konzalová 1995, Kovář – Fatka 2023) are missing. This is most likely due to the low abundance and generally poor preservation of the microfossils at the locality. The general absence of a more diversified acritarch assemblage corresponds to an atypical, restricted marine environment, presumably represented by a lagoonal setting (see Fatka – Konzalová 1995).
التغيرات المناخية وأثرها في مستقبل أزمة المياه في العراق
Authors: كريم حميد عبد الوهاب , عباس هادي زهراء
Published: March 2024

تسلط الدراسة الضوء على التغيرات المناخية التي تم رثل تحديًا خطيًرا تشهده البلدان العربية، ومن بينها العراق الذي يصنف خامس دولة مع ررضة لخطر هذه التغيرات؛ إذ إنه يعاني ارتفاع درجات الحرارة في الصيف، ونقص الأمطار في الشتاء، على نحو يؤدي إلى أزمة مياه وجفاف الأراضي وهجرة المزارعين. ويترافق ذلك مع سياسةٍ للدول المجاورة تؤثر فيه من خلال تقليل إمدادات المياه للبلاد. وتركز الدراسة على تأثير التغيرات المناخية في أزمة المياه في العراق، وعلى حلولها المستقبلية، معتمدةً، في استشراف تأثير هذه التغيرات وتداعيات السياسات المائية لدول الجوار، على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لتشخيص ظاهرة التغيرات المناخية وأثرها في أزمة المياه، والمنهج القانوني لتحليل أثر المعاهدات والاتفاقيات الدولية في التزام الأطراف بها.
PERAN SOSIAL MEDIA DAN BUDAYA POLITIK GENERASI MILENIAL DALAM PEMILU
Authors: Manurung Marzuki , Aurelia Dinda , Harahap Nadra Husna , Nst Rizki Fadilah
Published: March 2024

Media sosial sudah menjadi bagian penting dari kehidupan masyarakat khususnya generasi milineal. Pemilu adalah salah satu moment politik dimana media sosial khusunya facebook dan whatsapp untuk kepentingan politik. Budaya politik adalah corak perilaku dalam masyarakat dalam kehidupan berbangsa, pemerintahan nasional, politik pemerintahan, hukum, adat istiadat dan norma, dan merupakan budaya yang harus dipatuhi oleh semua anggota masyarakat setiap hari. Budaya politik juga dapat diartikan sebagai sistem nilai bersama sosial, yang memiliki kesadaran untuk berpartisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan kolektif dan perumusan kebijakan publik dari seluruh masyarakat.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Budaya politik dan corak perilaku dalam masyarakat dalam kehidupan berbangsa, pemerintahan nasional, politik pemerintahan, hukum, adat istiadat dan norma, dan merupakan budaya yang harus dipatuhi oleh semua anggota masyarakat setiap hari tentang fenomena penggunaan media sosial berbasis internet sebagai instrumen dalam komunikasi politik dalam kontestasi pemilukada Jawa Barat tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka, yakni peneliti menganalisis literatur tertulis sebagai sumber utama. Oleh karena itu Media sosial merupakan saluran komunikasi para aktor politik untuk berkomunikasi dengan pendukung dan pemilih. Bentuk komunikasinya adalah membangun opini publik sekaligus menggalang banyak dukungan politik.
KOMUNIKASI SEBAGAI ALAT KONTROL SOSIAL: ANALISIS KRITIS BERDASARKAN PEMIKIRAN FRIEDRICH POLLOCK
Authors: Rico Rico , Susanto Didi , Fatimah Siti
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah peran komunikasi sebagai alat kontrol sosial melalui analisis kritis berdasarkan pemikiran Friedrich Pollock. Metode penelitian melibatkan tinjauan literatur yang menyelidiki konsep-konsep kunci Pollock tentang kontrol sosial dan hubungannya dengan proses komunikasi. Melalui analisis mendalam terhadap karya-karya Pollock, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi elemen-elemen kritis dalam komunikasi yang berkontribusi pada pembentukan dan pemeliharaan struktur sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi, sebagaimana dikonsepsikan oleh Pollock, bukan hanya sebagai medium transmisi informasi, tetapi juga sebagai alat yang memainkan peran sentral dalam pengaturan norma-norma sosial. Dalam konteks ini, pembentukan opini publik, pembangunan narasi kolektif, dan pengendalian informasi menjadi mekanisme utama dalam menjaga stabilitas sosial. Kesimpulannya, komunikasi efektif menjadi kunci untuk memahami dan mengendalikan dinamika sosial, dengan pengaruh langsung terhadap konstruksi identitas kolektif dan pemeliharaan keseimbangan kekuasaan.
Distribution and some features of the biology of voles of the genus Blanfordimys (Rodentia, Arvicolinae)
Authors: Sablina S.A. , Tikhonova E.P. , Golenishchev F.N.
Published: March 2024

The following data was acquired from literary sources and obtained by us as a result of field studies on the distribution, stationality, abundance and reproduction of voles of the genus Blanfordimys Argyropulo, 1933: Afghan vole B. afghanus (Thomas, 1912) with subspecies B. a. afghanus and B. a. balchanensis (Heptner et Shukurov, 1950), Bukhara vole B. bucharensis (Vinogradov, 1930), with subspecies B. b. bucharensis and B. b. davydovi (Golenishchev et Sablina, 1991) and Pamir vole B. juldaschi (Severtzov, 1879) with subspecies B. j. carruthersi (Thomas, 1909) and B. j. juldaschi in natural conditions on the territory of Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. According to the elevation gradient from low to high altitude, these voles are distributed as follows: Afghan, Bukhara, Pamir, respectively. The features of reproduction and postembryonic ontogenesis in captivity have also been studied. Reproduction took place year-round with low intensity: the number of newborns in the litter of all the species considered is small, 3 cubs on average, the average interval between litters is about 50 days. The young of voles living at lower altitudes (B. afghanus and B. bucharensis) develop somewhat faster compared to higher-altitude ones (B. juldaschi). In general, the studied species showed signs of slow development and delay in the appearance of the most important signs in postembryonic ontogenesis (eruption of incisors, epiphany) compared to most of the lowland representatives of the Arvicolini tribe voles. These features are more pronounced in B. j. juldaschi, living at high altitudes. Thus, considering the theory of pace-of-life syndrome (POLS), we observe a shift from a faster pace of life (r-strategy), characteristic of most lowland rodents, to a slower one (k-strategy). The vulnerability of voles of the genus Blanfordimys in the process of climate aridization and in conditions of anthropogenic pressure is noted.
Preparation techniques for the mosquitoes and the blackflies (Diptera: Culicidae: Simuliidae)
Authors: Khalin A.V. , Aibulatov S.V.
Published: March 2024

Preparation techniques are given for making permanent or nonpermanent microscope slides of the mosquitoes and the blackflies (Diptera: Culicidae: Simuliidae). We mention here only those that we have personally found to be most satisfactory in the order to further study the morphology of dipterans. These techniques are required for a detailed examination of the diagnostic characters of mosquitoes and blackflies, as a result, to correctly identify the specimens. First, the general stages of processing specimens are considered, then the specifics for making permanent or nonpermanent microscope slides are given (in glycerin, Canadian balsam and euparal). Preparation techniques of larvae and adults (males and females) of mosquitoes and blackflies, as well as blackfly pupae, are discussed in detail, because these processes differ in each group and in each stage of the life cycle. Moreover, we give the technique for damaged material (i.e., as a result of loss of fixing fluid). For the first time, the description of diagnostic characters that are lost during the preparation is considered in detail. We have specified the structures of blackfly larvae, pupae and adults, whose characters must be described before making permanent microscope slides. We consider that some structures (i.e., the male genitalia of fam. Culicidae and Simuliidae) should be pre-examined on nonpermanent microscope slides, and then permanent slides can be made.
ВПЛИВ КЛІМАТИЧНИХ ФАКТОРІВ НА ЛІСОВІ ЕКОСИСТЕМИ РІВНЕНЩИНИ
Authors: Буднік З. М. , Грицюк В. В. , Кондратюк Н. В. , Писаренко В. О. , Ціпан Ю. Р.
Published: March 2024

Зміна клімату чинить серйозний вплив на ліси, а також людей, особливо на тих, чиє життя залежить від лісів. З іншого боку, лісове господарство пропонує важливі можливості для скорочення викидів парникових газів і збільшення поглинання вуглецю, тому більшість стратегій боротьби зі зміною клімату пов’язані з лісами. Конвенція ООН про зміну клімату проголошує два підходи до вирішення проблеми зміни клімату: пом’якшення (наприклад, скорочення викидів і збільшення поглинання вуглецю) та адаптація (наприклад, адаптація до зміни клімату, яка вже існує). Лісове господарство може відігравати ключову роль в обох підходах.

У статті наведено результати досліджень впливу кліматичних показників на лісові екосистеми. Здійснено аналіз сучасного стану лісового сектору Рівненської області та встановлено основні показники впливу глобального потепління на ліси регіону. За останні десятиріччя у Рівненській області відбулася зміна породного складу лісів у напрямі зменшення цінних і продуктивних порід дерев (хвойних та твердолистяних) внаслідок збільшення площ похідних деревостанів і малоцінних  лісонасаджень.  Збільшення  пройшло  в  основному  за  рахунок  низькобонітетних  твердолистяних порослевих насаджень та м’яколистяних, тобто якісний склад  насаджень  змінився  в  негативну  сторону.  Відповідно  до  структури  лісів  за  групами  порід  панівними  видами  у Рівненській  області  є  хвойні,  зокрема  сосна  звичайна. Саме хвойні, які є панівними видами у Рівненській області, найбільше зазнають негативного впливу від зміни клімату. Тому виникає необхідність розробки стратегій із адаптації лісового господарства до зміни клімату. Багато країн вже розробили стратегії, засновані на сталому управлінні лісами, але відсутність відповідних правових механізмів, прав власності та прав користувачів обмежує реалізацію цих стратегій. Найбільш негативний вплив чинять підвищення температури повітря та зміна кількості опадів, що призводить до зміни вегетаційного періоду та видового складу лісових екосистем.

Зміна клімату може спричинити заміну зональних типів рослинності, співвідношення лісових формацій та типів лісу; зниження життєздатності лісів, їх стійкості до шкідників та хвороб, збільшення інтенсивності всихання лісів; спалахи масового розмноження шкідників; зростання кількості та масштабності пожеж (особливо у хвойних лісах).
ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ БІОЛОГІЗАЦІЇ CИСТЕМИ ЗАХИСТУ КАПУСТИ БІЛОГОЛОВОЇ ВІД PIERIS BRASSICAEА L. У ЗАХІДНОМУ ЛІСОСТЕПУ
Authors: Колесник Т. М. , Солодка Т. М. , Олійник О. О. , Прядунець В. А.
Published: March 2024

Важливим питанням, яке сьогодні стоїть перед людством, є охорона та раціональне використання природних ресурсів, запобігання негативним наслідкам інтенсивного втручання в природу та реабілітація порушених екосистем. Насамперед це стосується агропромислового виробництва, в якому вплив антропогенних факторів є необхідною умовою існування і одночасно чинником, який викликає негативні відповідні реакції агросистем на його дію. Незважаючи на велику кількість публікацій, присвячених дослідженню Pieris brassicaeа, недостатньо вивчено особливості сезонної і багаторічної динаміки його популяції і не розроблено методи її прогнозування для умов Північного Лісостепу України. Потребують удосконалення також заходи захисту капусти від шкідника із використанням ентомофагів, застосування нових біологічних систем захисту. Вперше виявлено закономірності динаміки чисельності Pieris brassicaeа в умовах Західного Лісостепу, міграційної здатності Trichogramma evanescens в агроценозах капусти. Встановлено функціональні залежності між поширенням імаго Pieris brassicae та ГТК за період його розвитку, між ступенем пошкодженості капусти білоголової личинками Pieris brassicae та температурою середньодобовою, сумою опадів та ГТК за період розвитку батьківських особин. В роботі визначено ступінь пошкодженості капусти залежно від щільності шкідника. Відмічено функціональну лінійну обернено пропорційну залежність між відсотком зараження яєць Pieris brassicae та віддаллю розселення Trichogramma evanescens. Подальшого розвитку набула оцінка екологічної та економічної ефективності різних систем захисту капусти білоголової від ушкодження Pieris brassicae, на основі чого запропоновано найефективніші біологічні засоби захисту капусти від Pieris brassicaeа для умов Західного Лісостепу України.