bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE-PROPOLIS ON THE NUMBER OF MACROFAG CELLS ON THE WISTAR RAT DENTAL WITH PULPA PERFORMANCE
Authors: Setyabudi Setyabudi , Juniarti Devi Eka , Widjiastuti Ira , Fathori Maughfirah Shintya
Published: July 2021

Background: Cellular response of dental pulp to existing lesions, caused by infiltration of inflammatory cells that migrate from blood vessels to the site of injury. Macrophages are the cells that most appear when inflammation occurs. Treatment for maintaining pulp tissue vitality is called pulp capping. Calcium hydroxide as a pulp capping material has the ability to trigger the growth of dentin bridges or remineralization, but calcium hydroxide can induce migration and proliferation of inflammatory cells. Currently the field of dentistry is developing propolis as an alternative pulp capping material. That is because propolis has anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: To analyze the effect of the combination of calcium hydroxide-propolis on the number of macrophage cells in the teeth of wistar rats with pulp perforation. Method: This study used 30 samples of Wistar rats which were preparated until perforation and then divided into 3 groups. The first group continued with filling with cention, the second group continued with application of calcium hydroxide and filled with cention, and the third group continued with the application of combination of calcium hydroxide and propolis and then being filledwithcention. Macrophage cell is calculated histopathologically by using compound light microscope on the 3rd day with 400x magnification. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test results showed significant differences in macrophages after the combination of calcium hydroxide and propolis (p = 0,000). The combined application of calcium hydroxide and propolis showed higher macrophages than the application of calcium hydroxide and the control group. Conclusion: Application of calcium hydroxide - propolis combination was proven increase the number of macrophage cells in Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) with pulp perforation
THE EFFECT OF COMBINATION CALCIUM HYDROXIDE-PROPOLIS APPLICATION TO AMOUNT OF NEUTROFIL CELLS ON WISTAR RAT PULP PERFORATION
Authors: Widjiastuti Ira , Setyabudi Setyabudi , Haliza Nia Nur
Published: July 2021

Background: Pulp inflammation can be treated with pulp capping by calcium hydroxide as the gold standard. Pulp capping by calcium hydroxide could causing tissue necrosis followed by inflammation. Calcium hydroxide combined with propolis which have anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of the Nf-kB pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines. That process will inhibit the increase of vascular permeability and neutrophil chemotaxis. Inflammatory process can accelerate by controlling the amount of neutrophil cells as a acute phase marker, so the healing process occurs more quickly. Therefore it is necessary to study the amount of neutrophil cells in the pulp perforation of Wistar rats after applicated by combination of calcium hydroxide-propolis. Purpose: To analyze the difference amount of neutrophil cells on the Wistar rats pulp perforation after applicated by calcium hydroxide-propolis combination compared with calcium hydroxide-aquadest Method: M1 tooth perforated for all groups with three types tratment: no medication (control group), calcium hydroxide-aquadest 1: 1 (P-1 group), and calcium hydroxide-propolis 1: 1.5 (P-2 group) and closed with cention. Observations were made on the 1st, and 3rd day with HE staining. Results: One Way ANOVA shown a significant difference (p <0.05) of the average amount of neutrophil cells between all treatment groups on 1st day (p=0,000) and 3rd day (p=0,000). The amount of neutrophil cells in the calcium hydroxide-propolis (P-2) combination group was lower than control group and calcium hydroxide-aquadest (P-1) group on the 1st and 3rd day. Conclusion: The amount of neutrophil cells after application of calcium hydroxide-propolis is lower than calcium hydroxide-aquadest application.
The Role Of Hydroxyapatite Materials On Collagen Synthesis In Alveolar Bone Defects Healing
Authors: Adventa Yosefin , Zubaidah Nanik
Published: July 2021

Background: There are several cases in dentistry that cause alveolar bone defects, including periodontal disease, major trauma after tooth extraction, post-cyst enucleation, and post-surgery. Healing of alveolar bone defects can be treated in the form of bone grafting to restore the function and structure of damaged bone tissue. Hydroxyapatite has been proven to have some good properties such as biocompatible, bioactive, and osteoconductive. Osteoconductive materials serve as scaffold for osteoblasts to attach, grow, and differentiate to form new bone. Osteoblasts will synthesize collagen type 1 which functions to mineralize the bone matrix. Objective: To explain the role of hydroxyapatite on collagen synthesis in alveolar bone defects healing. Reviews: In this review article discusses the healing process of alveolar bone defects, the characteristics of the hydroxyapatite material, collagen synthesis and also 4 kinds of natural substances that can be used as a source of hydroxyapatite material for supporting the bone healing process. These natural materials include bovine bones, egg shells, crab shells, and calcite rocks. Conclusion: Hydroxyapatite material has a role in collagen synthesis in the healing process of alveolar bone defects.
Benefit of Glycerine on Surface Hardness of Hybrid & Nanofill Resin Composite
Authors: Mardianti Ferriza Tri , Sukaton Sukaton , Sampoerno Galih
Published: July 2021

Background: Composite resins restoration is a treatment for tooth structure loss due to pathological conditions. Longevity of composite resins restoration can be affected by surface hardness restoration. Glycerin can increase surface hardness restoration with inhibit bond oxygen and free radicals on polymerization composite resins. Purpose: Analyze the increase surface hardness composite resins restoration after glycerin application before light-curing composite resins. Review(s): Of the six journals included in this literature review, five journals reported significant differences because of the obstacles in the polymerization process of the composite resin when composite contact with light-curing will activate the photoinitiator to produce highly reactive free radicals, free radicals will break the double chain carbon bonds of monomers and form single bonds of free radicals with monomers. Bonding of free radicals with monomers will produce polymeric bonds (degree of conversion) which affects the level of surface hardness of the filling. While one journal noted no significant difference in the surface hardness of composite resin after glycerin application. Conclusion: The use of glycerin before light-curing can increase the surface hardness composite resin restorations.
Pengembangan Media Gambar Alga Mikroskopis Sebagai Penunjang Mata Kuliah Botani Tumbuhan Rendah
Authors: Amintarti Sri , Ajizah Aulia , Utami Nurul Hidayati
Published: July 2021

Effort to improve students' understanding for microalgae in Botani Tumbuhan Rendah course was needed a media. A media help student especially in practice lesson. This media developed by research in various of microalgae around Lambung Mangkurat University. This study aims to describe the validity and legibility of media. This research refers to the 4D development model. The main subjects of the study were 2 experts to obtain validity data and for legibility test were 5 students of Biology Education department. Then data were analyzed descriptively. The results of the study show that the developed microalgae media obtained an average validity of 93.8% which included very valid criteria, and for eligibility test by students obtained an average of 92.2% which included very good criteria. So all those media which developed can be used.
Penerapan Kombinasi Model Pembelajaran Tipe Numbered Head Together dengan Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X PMIA 1 SMAN 3 Banjarmasin Pada Konsep Perubahan Lingkungan
Authors: Noorhidayati Noorhidayati , Mawarni Heny , Hardiansyah Hardiansyah
Published: July 2021

Learning is a basic process of formal education in a limited scope and can determine the quality of the next world of education. Based on the results of interviews, it is known that the activity and student learning outcomes on the concept of Environmental Change in the class are still relatively low. The research aims to improve the activities and learning outcomes of Class X PMIA 1 SMAN 3 Banjarmasin academic year 2016/2017 on the concept of Environmental Change, as well as describe student responses through the application of a combination of NHT and PBL type learning models in their learning. This Classroom Action Research consists of two cycles, each cycle consists of 2 meetings. The subjects of this study were all 36 students of class X PMIA 1 SMAN 3. The results showed: Student activity during the learning process from cycle I to cycle II increased from an average of 82.31 to 90.02 with a fixed category (good). Cognitive learning outcomes of students' products during the learning process increased, in the first cycle 38% to the second cycle to 92.5% of all students who achieved a score of 76. Cognitive learning outcomes during the learning process increased from the first cycle of 72.77 with a sufficient category good to 82.28, in the second cycle with good category. Student responses were positive, with details of 30% of students strongly agreeing, and 60% of students agreeing, while the negative response was 10%.
Keanekaragaman Burung Air di Lahan Basah Desa Sungai Rasau Kecamatan Bumi Makmur Kabupaten Tanah Laut
Authors: Mahrudin Mahrudin , Arsyad Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Biodiversity in some region one local potential that must be maintained for survival in the ecosystem. Diversity of fauna that lives in certain habitats will keep the balance some ecosystem, one example is water bird live in the wetland region. Wetland set aside resources and rooms for this fauna keep survival and sustainability. South Borneo has a lot of wetlands, which one is Sungai Rasau village. In this region have various types of wetlands, that are mangrove, fishpond, estuary, lowlands river, swamp, and rice field. existence this wetland invited a lot of live fauna, some kind is water bird. The purpose of this research is to analyze a variety of water birds in wetland Sungai Rasau subdistrict Bumi Makmur district Tanah Laut. The kind of this research is descriptive research, where describe existence the kind of water bird in that region and that connection with surroundings, especially coast region, mangrove, and fishpond because those wetlands are the widest area in that region. The sampling use Line transek technique with observation IPA-Count. Result of the research show types of water bird was found are 21 species from 7 families, where 15 species at the coast, 17 species at mangrove, and 20 species at Fishpond. Index diversity is 1 < H’ < 3, with categories of diversity, was or abundant.
Pengaruh Daun Tapak Kambing (Ipomoae pes-caprae) Terhadap Konsentrasi Spermatozoa Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Kaspul Kaspul
Published: July 2021

Reproductive continuity is an important problem for humans and animals, but sometimes reproductive disorders occur which results in decreased reproductive capacity. Goat’s foot creeper leaves have active compounds that act as antioxidants. Antioxidant compounds can maintain reproductive function. This study aims to determine the effect of Goat’s foot creeper leaves on the spermatozoa concentration of white rats. Twenty white rats male (4-week-old) were treated with a completely randomized trial design. There were 4 treatment groups with 5 replications: (1) no treatment; (2) treatment with 750 mg goat’s foot creeper infusion per day; (3) treatment with 1500 mggfoot creeper leaves per day. All treatment groups were administered for 30 days orally. The results showed an increase in spermatozoa concentration of white rats.
Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII SMPN 2 Pematang Karau pada Pembelajaran IPA Materi Gerak Tumbuhan Menggunakan Media Foto Handphone
Authors: Amir Amir
Published: July 2021

In science learning, the material is not contextual, most teachers still carry out traditional learning, teacher centered learning, and explains the photos in the book without giving a real picture in the environment. The situation has the potential to cause boredom, reduce interest, motivation, and deep meaning of what students are learning. The purpose of this study was to describe the increase in learning interest of eighth grade students of SMPN 2 Pematang Karau on plant movement material using mobile photo media. The research method uses action research which consists of 2 cycles. The results showed that learning on plant movement material with mobile photo media became more optimal and the learning outcomes of students increased in interest in learning, cognitive aspects, cheerfulness, enthusiasm, attention, and activities.
Corruption in Lebanon: An Exploratory Study About Lebanese Managers’ and Employees’ Perceptions
Authors: Nassar Chirine Khalil , Hejase Hussin Jose
Published: July 2021

Corruption is one of the major factors which affects the development of the economic sector in Lebanon. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the ways in which the perceptions on corruption differed among managers and employees in Lebanese businesses. The study focused on the underlying assumptions made about corruption, the ways in which corruption affects business operations, and the preference for certain strategies to deal with corruption in the business sector. The study followed a quantitative approach relying on a web-based survey. The final valid sample consisted of 50 Lebanese managers and employees. The results showed a positive inclination toward the corrupt behaviour either due to social norms which tolerate corruption or as a result of high-performance expectations from superiors. In addition, findings showed large discrepancies in regard to the contribution of organizational norms to the proliferation of corruption in the business sector. In fact employees considered that managers often overlook and sometimes even encourage corrupt behaviours that allow the attainment of organizational goals.  The study highlights that corruption is engrained in Lebanon and has become prevalent to high extent that business actors use corrupt practices to be able to perform their activities and maintain their competitiveness. The findings of the study stress the urgency for business practitioners to take immediate action to mitigate corrupted actions by introducing changes in the organizational culture. Stressing and encouraging ethical values to combat corruption is a priority for all business actors as well as for public policy makers. Mediation of corruption necessitates more public awareness campaigns disclosing the negative effects of corruption on the health of sound business and the economy of the country at large.
The invisible support networks of doctoral candidates: What acknowledgement sections of doctoral theses reveal
Authors: Bitzer E. , Leshem S.
Published: July 2021

Although some argue that acknowledgement sections should not form part of doctoral theses, others welcome such sections and are of the opinion that they reflect original and personal contributions, constituting a neglected genre. Previous research on acknowledgement texts have focused more on their linguistic characteristics as related to the academic writing of theses. The present study, however, inquired into acknowledgement sections from a social support perspective. The aim of the study was to bring to light the dimension of the social milieu and its importance in supporting doctoral students in successfully achieving their doctorate. More specifically, the study sought to investigate the role of “significant others” in the academic success of doctoral students as reflected in the genres of acknowledgement in doctoral theses by analysing such texts from 30 completed doctoral theses in South Africa and Israel. Follow-up interviews with graduates assisted to probe deeper into the meaning of the texts. Although limited in nature, the study found that, based on who doctoral graduates acknowledge, several role-players and supporters seem to contribute to doctoral success. This includes family members, friends, colleagues, study supervisors, funders and university administrators. What also became clear was that doctoral candidates rely mainly on psycho-social forms of support and that particular kinds of such support are crucial at different stages of the doctoral journey. Acknowledgement studies confirm the doctoral research process as an activity stream that integrates the personal, the interpersonal and the institutional to reveal the mostly hidden, but very important, influences on the doctorate.
Counting what counts: A researcher productivity scoring framework for South African's universities of technology
Authors: Masinde M. , Coetzee J.
Published: July 2021

One of the three objectives of academic institutions all over the world is that of ensuring and upholding vibrant research productivity. For developing countries such as South Africa, public spending on research and development provides mechanisms for this. The South Africa’s Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) is the custodian of government research funds. Evidence shows that DHET continues to grapple with the challenge of objectively measuring research productivity from the research funds invested in universities. The current funding framework applied by DHET has received numerous criticism one of them being its quantitative nature - it rewards quantity as opposed to quality research. This problem is more pronounced in Universities of Technology (UoTs) where, after more than ten years of operating as universities, the culture of research is not yet fully entrenched. Acknowledging the critical role played by research productivity measurements, we present a research productivity and quality measurement framework for UoTs. Using a case study of one of the UoTs, quantitative data relating to 48 aspects of the of existing research incentive system was used in determining the system’s effectiveness and efficacy in stimulating researchers’ activities. The proposed Framework consists of three components on: how to motivate researchers, what/how to measure research performance and how to incentivise researchers. Using an actual dataset of research outputs from the case study, an illustration on how to apply the framework has been provided. The results confirm our Framework’s ability to “count what counts” and proven the statement that “not everything that can be counted counts”.
Penerapan Prinsip–Prinsip Good Governance Dalam Pengelolaan Dana Desa Di Desa Wlahar Wetan Kecamatan Kalibagor Kabupaten Banyumas
Authors: Mufti Rahajeng Maharani
Published: July 2021

Prinsip-prinsip good governance berperan untuk menciptakan pemerintahan yang bersih dan mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Good governance merupakan salah satu bagian dari isu kebijakan strategis yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki kinerja instansi pemerintah. Setiap aktivitas pada instansi pemerintah dapat mengaplikasikan konsep good governance, begitu juga dalam mengelola Dana Desa. Dana Desa nominalnya selalu mengalami kenaikan sehingga tidak mudah dikelola begitu juga di Kabupaten Banyumas. Penerapan prinsip-prinsip good governance seperti akuntabilitas, transparansi, dan partisipasi dalam pengelolaan Dana Desa menjadi prioritas termasuk Desa Wlahar Wetan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis sejauh mana penerapan prinsip-prinsip akuntabilitas, transparansi, dan partisipasi dalam mewujudkan good governance dalam pengelolaan Dana Desa di Desa Wlahar Wetan Kecamatan Kalibagor Kabupaten Banyumas. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik analisis data yaitu analisis data interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Pemerintah Desa Wlahar Wetan tertib dan tepat waktu dalam melaporkan laporan pertanggungjawaban penggunaan Dana Desa baik secara vertikal kepada Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah kemudian secara horizontal kepada masyarakat. Penilaian terhadap pelaksanaan akuntabilitas Dana Desa masih sebatas melihat ketepatan waktu belum mengawasi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi. Sanksi yang diterapkan juga belum tegas. Kemudian, komitmen Pemerintah Desa Wlahar Wetan untuk terbuka terhadap segala informasi Dana Desa ditunjukan dengan menyediakan media transparansi yang mudah diakses oleh masyarakat baik di desa maupun puar desa. Namun, infromasinya baru mengenai anggaran dan realisasi, belum sampai pada dampak kegiatan. Selanjutnya, Pemerintah Desa Wlahar Wetan turut melibatkan masyarakat dalam tahapan perencanaan dan pelaksanaan kegiatan yang menggunakan Dana Desa dengan prinsip swakelola. Tetapi Pemerintah Desa belum melibatkan masyarakat dalam tahapan evaluasi bersama
Pemanfaatan Media Dalam jaringan (daring) Pada Mata Kuliah Islam Rahmatan lil Alamin
Authors:   Fakultas Ilmu Agama Islam, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Virgiawan Rheyza , Harimurti Shubhi Mahmashony ,   Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Islam Indonesia
Published: July 2021

Tujuan pelaksanaan penelitian ini adalah untuk memaksimalkan pemanfaatan media dalam jaringan (daring) pada mata kuliah islam rahmatan lil alamin. Selain itu juga untuk meningkatkan kualitas bahan ajar yang akan diterapkan dalam aktifitas perkuliahan daring pada mata kuliah ini. Inovasi yang diterapkan adalah penyusunan rencana pembelajaran semester yang komperhensif yang mencakup beberapa point seperti aktifitas sinkron dan asinkron yang lebih detail, materi pembelajaran yang disertai dengan materi pemantik dan juga metode assessmen yang jelas. Disisi lain penyediaan bahan ajar berbasis video dan powerpoint juga menjadi inovasi yang diusung pada mata kuliah ini, sehingga pengampu mata kuliah sejak awal sudah menyiapkan seluruh materi ajarnya dalam bentuk video yang diunggah melalui kanal-kanal online. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan dalam penelitian ini dimulai dengan menyusun rencana pembelajaran smester sebanyak 14 pertemuan dengan rangkaian aktifitas yang bervariasi. Kegiatan perkuliahan ini akan diawali dengan kontrak belajar, dimana dosen dan mahasiswa menyepakati hal-hal yang terkait dengan proses pembelajaran dari awal hingga akhir. Penyampaian materi yang dibuat secara flipped dan pemanfaatan media zoom sebagai wadah untuk berdiskusi Bersama mahasiswa terkait tema ataupun topik tertentu. Beberapa hal yang dapat jadikan cacatan adalah literasi, Watak dan sikap mahasiswa yang berbeda-beda untuk masing-masing program studi dikarenakan mahasiswa belum terbiasa tergabung didalam satu kelas Bersama dengan mahasiwa dari program studi lain.
Accuracy Evaluation of Additively and Subtractively Fabricated Palatal Plate Orthodontic Appliances for Newborns and Infants – An In-vitro Study
Authors: Aretxabaleta Maite , Unkovskiy Alexey , Koos Bernd , Spintzyk Sebastian , Xepapadeas Alexander B.
Published: July 2021

Different approaches for digital workflows have already been presented for their use in palatal plates for newborns and infants. However, there is no evidence on the accuracy of CAD/CAM manufactured orthodontic appliances for this kind of application. This study evaluates trueness and precision provided by different CAM technologies and materials for these appliances. Samples of a standard palatal stimulation plate were manufactured using stereolithography (SLA), direct light processing (DLP) and subtractive manufacturing (SM). The effect of material (for SM) and layer thickness (for DLP) were also investigated. Specimens were digitized with a laboratory scanner (D2000, 3Shape) and analyzed with a 3D inspection software (Geomagic Control X, 3D systems). For quantitative analysis, differences between 3D datasets were measured using root mean square (RMS) error values for trueness and precision. For qualitative analysis, color maps were generated to detect locations of deviations within each sample. SM showed higher trueness and precision than AM technologies. Reducing layer thickness in DLP did not significantly increase accuracy, but prolonged manufacturing time. All materials and technologies met the clinically acceptable range and are appropriate for their use. DLP with 100µm layer thickness showed the highest efficiency, obtaining high trueness and precision within the lowest manufacturing time.
Thermal Fluctuations and Electromagnetic Noise Spectra in Quantum Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Bányai Ladislaus Alexander , Bundaru Mircea , Gartner Paul
Published: July 2021

We derive the thermal noise spectrum of the Fourier transform of the electric field operator of a given wave vector starting from the quantum-statistical definitions and relate it to the complex frequency and wave vector dependent complex conductivity in a homogeneous, isotropic system of electromagnetic interacting electrons. We analyze separately the longitudinal and transverse case with their peculiarities. The Nyquist formula for vanishing frequency and wave vector, as well as its modification for non-vanishing frequencies and wave vectors follow immediately. Furthermore we discuss also the noise of the photon occupation numbers. It is important to stress that no additional assumptions at all were used in this straightforward proof.
Green Supply Chain Pricing and Performance: a Fairness Preferences and Green Marketing Perspective
Authors: Huo Hong , Zhong Haiyan , Zhang Xiaoli
Published: July 2021

This study investigates optimal decisions in a green supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a leading retailer considering the green marketing and fairness preferences of member firms. Four Stackelberg game decision models are constructed in which the manufacturer and the re-tailer engage in green marketing separately when the manufacturer has no and has fairness preferences. The impacts of fairness preferences and green marketing on the optimal decision in the green supply chain are comparatively analyzed. The study finds that member firms perform green marketing regardless of the presence or absence of fairness preferences and that such be-havior increases the wholesale price, retail price, and market demand of low-carbon products as well as the profits of member firms and the supply chain. A more interesting finding is that the profit growth of member firms and the supply chain due to the manufacturer’s green marketing is more pronounced than that due to the retailer’s green marketing. When the retailer and the manufacturer engage in conduct green marketing, the manufacturer's fairness preferences have different effects on the wholesale price, retail price, market demand, level of green marketing efforts, member enterprises and profits of supply chain. Therefore, firms should consider the impact of green marketing and fairness preferences to make pricing and performance decisions, so as to achieve efficient operation of the whole supply chain and avoid double marginal effects. Finally, the above conclusions are verified through numerical simulation, providing a reference for the decision-making of member firms in the green supply chain.
Potensi Biji Duwet (Syzygium cumini L. (Skeels.)) Sebagai Imunomodulator Pendamping Kemoterapi: Sebuah Ulasan
Authors: Tafrihani Ahmad Syauqy , Gono Christina Mutiara Putri , Natasia Nyssa , Ikawati Muthi
Published: July 2021

Mekanisme pertahanan sel kanker terhadap sistem imun tubuh merupakan ancaman bagi keberhasilan terapi kanker. Agen kemoterapi efektif dalam membantu proses eliminasi sel kanker, namun penggunaannya menginduksi imunosupresi. Ekstrak biji duwet (Syzygium cumini L. (Skeels.)) dan kandungan senyawanya dilaporkan memiliki berbagai aktivitas imunomodulator dan aktivitas antikanker. Namun, belum ada laporan yang mengulas potensi biji duwet sebagai agen imunomodulator pendamping kemoterapi kanker (ko-kemoterapi). Artikel ini disusun untuk mengulas potensi biji duwet sebagai imunomodulator pendamping kemoterapi. Berbagai literatur dari jurnal internasional dan sumber lain yang dipublikasikan mulai tahun 2005 ditelusuri dari database Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, dan lainnya. Berdasarkan studi literatur, ekstrak dan senyawa kandungan biji duwet, yaitu asam galat dan mirisetin, dapat memodulasi sistem imun melalui berbagai jalur molekuler. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa biji duwet memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi agen pendamping kemoterapi melalui aktivitas imunomodulatornya. Penelitian lebih lanjut pada model hewan uji kanker yang diberi ekstrak biji duwet dan kombinasinya dengan antikanker diperlukan untuk memvalidasi potensi tersebut.
Chondrosarcoma Arising in Synovial Chondromatosis of the Hip
Authors: Tomasevich Kelly M. , Moradi Sara , Lindsay Adam D.
Published: July 2021

Case:

Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a rare condition involving the proliferation of cartilage within the synovial membrane secondary to subsynovial connective tissue metaplasia. Malignant transformation to chondrosarcoma is rare. We cite a case of SC of the hip refractory to arthroscopic debridement, found to have secondary chondrosarcoma on aborted total hip arthroplasty, in which curative treatment was ultimately obtained with external hemipelvectomy.

Conclusion:

SC has the potential to undergo malignant transformation to chondrosarcoma. The consequences of not recognizing such transformation can significantly impact patient outcomes and limit options for local control surgery and limb salvage.
Posterior Root Avulsion Fracture of the Medial Meniscus in a Skeletally Immature Child
Authors: Itakura Takumi , Tsujii Akira , Yonetani Yasukazu , Hamada Masayuki
Published: July 2021

Case:

We describe a rare case of posterior root avulsion fracture of the medial meniscus in an 11-year-old boy. Previous reports have demonstrated delayed diagnosis, but in this case, multiplanar computed tomography (CT) combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enabled early diagnosis and treatment. Gradual ossification was observed after arthroscopic suture fixation, and meniscal extrusion did not progress. He returned to sports without any symptoms and showed no degenerative changes at 2.5 years postoperatively.

Conclusion:

This is the first case report of early diagnosis and time-course analysis of a rare avulsion fracture, emphasizing the usefulness of CT combined with MRI.
Intramedullary Suture Anchor Fixation of a Type Vb Flexor Digitorum Profundus Avulsion
Authors: Riedel Barth B. , Miller Ryan Edward , Chen Yen Hsun , Wongworawat Daniel
Published: July 2021

Case:

Flexor digitorum profundus avulsions are common injuries that manifest as tendinous or bony avulsions from the distal phalanx. Rarely, additional fractures can occur in the distal phalanx. For such injuries, repair of the avulsion and fracture is recommended but difficult because of limited bone stock for fixation.

Conclusion:

We present a case of a 28-year-old man with a combined flexor digitorum profundus bony avulsion and bony mallet finger, and describe a strategic fixation technique using an intramedullary suture anchor and dorsal button that provided stable fixation and resulted in excellent motion and function, with return to sport at 12 weeks.
Diagnostic Performance of Three Serological Assays for Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection
Authors:   Department of Pathology, National Institute of Blood Disease & Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan., Dildar Shabnam , Danish Asma ,   Department of Hematology, National Institute of Blood Disease & Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan., Imam Mehjabeen ,   Department of Pathology, National Institute of Blood Disease & Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan., Naz Arshi ,   Department of Pathology, National Institute of Blood Disease & Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan., Shamsi Tahir Sultan ,   Department of Hematology, National Institute of Blood Disease & Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan.
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of Electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) enzyme linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and lateral flow Immunofluorescence (LFIA) for anti-SARS-COV-2 antibody detection. Materials and Methods: Sensitivity was calculated with convalescent plasma (CP) donor’s samples. Specificity was checked by using pre-pandemic October 2019 samples. All samples were tested for anti-SARS-COV-2 antibody by using Electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA), Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Lateral flow Immunofluorescence (LFIA) assay. Results: Total 55 patients were included, 45 patients were CP donors and 10 were Pre-Pandemic October 2019 samples archived from our blood bank. The ECLIA-total antibody, ELISA-IgG and LLFIA-IgG were positive in 41 (91.1%), 34 (75.5%) and 44 (97.75%) respectively. The highest sensitivity was observed for LFIA with highest specificity among all three assays. There was almost perfect agreement between LFIA and ECLIA (k=0.936, p<0.001) but there was fair agreement between LFIA and ELISA (k=0.412, p=0.001) and ECLIA and ELISA (k=0.357, p=0.001). Conclusion: The LFIA showed a higher sensitivity and specificity in comparison with ECLIA and ELISA. It might be due to fact that LFIA detect antibody against ncleocapsid and spike protein as well of SARS- COV-2 virus, while ECLIA and ELISA detects antibodies only against “N” Protein of SARS- COV-2 virus. Keywords: Convalescent plasma donors, Lateral flow Immunofluorescence assay, Electrochemiluminescence assay, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Performance.
Comparison of Open Gastrostomy and Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy in Head and Neck Cancer Patients, Tertiary Care Hospital Experience
Authors:   Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Patel Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan., Qureshi Talha Ahmed , Akhtar Shabir ,   Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan., Awan Sohail ,   Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan., Sharif Amir ,   Department of Surgery, Aga Khan Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan., Adeel Mohammad ,   Clinical Fellow, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom.
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Objective: The current study was conducted to review and compare PEG and Gastrostomy in terms of early complications in head and neck cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This was prospective comparative study recruited total 60 patients as per the inclusion criteria, 30 in each group. Patients were assigned to the groups based on the surgeon’s choice. Ethical clearance was taken from ethical review board. Informed consent was taken from patients before enrolling them into the study. Non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used to enroll study participants. Data was collected on pre-designed performa and analyzed using SPSS version 16. Setting: Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi. Results: The two groups did not differ on basis of age, gender and tumor site. The outcomes variables including pain and bleeding from post-operative day1 to day 5 were significantly lower in patients who underwent PEG placement as compared to patients whom we performed OPEN gastrostomy. None the patient had peristomal infection in PEG group throughout the study. However, difference between the groups was statistically significant from post-operative day 3 to day 5. Conclusion: In our study, PEG was associated with lesser complications than open gastrostomy. Recently clinicians are using newer modalities like radiological and laparoscopic gastrostomy at various centres in Pakistan as the first option for placing feeding gastrostomy. Therefore, future studies are warranted to compare their efficacy and post-operative complications PEG. Keywords: Head and neck cancer, Open gastrostomy, Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, Complications, Pain, Peristomal infection, Bleeding
Variceal Bleeding in Patients with Initation of Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin – Case Reports
Authors:   Department of Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan., Memon Sadiq , Zaki Madiha ,   Department of Gastroenterology, Indus Medical College Hospital, Tando Muhammad Khan, Pakistan., Jiskani Shahzad Ali ,   Department of Pathology, Indus Medical College Hospital, Tando Muhammad Khan, Pakistan.
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Sofosbuvir is an oral nucleoside analogue and potent inhibitor of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA polymerase that is used in combination with other antiviral agents to treat chronic Hepatitis C Nevertheless, and for unknown reasons, successful antiviral therapy of Hepatitis C with Sofosbuvir and other direct acting agents in patients with cirrhosis is occasionally complicated by hepatic decompensation. Here we describe 2 case report of upper gi bleed at initial days of treatment with Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin. Keywords: Variceal bleeding , Sofosdbuvir, Ribavirin, Heptitis C, Nucleoside analogue, Antiviral.
Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome: An Exceptional Cause of Abdominal Pain
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Bolu, Turkey., Bilgin Satilmis , Aktas Gulali ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Bolu, Turkey., Kurtkulagi Ozge ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Bolu, Turkey., Duman Tuba Taslamacioglu ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Bolu, Turkey., Atak Burcin Meryem ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Bolu, Turkey., Kahveci Gizem ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Bolu, Turkey., Kocak Mehmet Zahid ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Bolu, Turkey., Savli Haluk ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Bolu, Turkey.
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome (MALS) is caused by the compression of celiac artery by median arcuate ligament and may cause serious symptoms; such as abdominal pain and weight loss. Here we present a 56 year old man with MALS, whom suffered of postprandial abdominal pain, weight loss, nausea and vomiting. Laparoscopic surgery revealed his symptoms after MALS diagnosis was established. In conclusion, MALS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with complaints of postprandial abdominal pain, nausea and weight loss. Laparoscopic surgery could be as successful as other treatment options in these patients. Keywords: Median arcuate ligament syndrome, Postprandial abdominal pain, Laparoscopic surgery, Nausea, Celiac disease, Coronary artery disease.
Microporosity quantification using confocal microscopy
Authors: Hurley Neil F. , Nakamura Kazumi , Rosenberg Hannah
Published: July 2021

In carbonate rocks, pore diameters range in size over at least nine orders of magnitude, from submicrometer-scale voids to km-scale caves. This study is focused on micropores, which are defined as pore bodies with diameter ≤ 10 micrometers. Corresponding pore throats are generally ≤ 1 micrometer in diameter. To visualize and quantify microporosity, geologists commonly use pore casts, transmitted-light petrography, and scanning electron microscopy. Shortfalls exist in all of these techniques. Laser scanning confocal microscopy, a relatively new approach, provides a step change in our ability to image and quantify microporosity in carbonate rocks.

Laser scanning confocal microscopy provides high-resolution (0.2-micrometers/pixel) images of micropores. Such pores are generally obscure or invisible using conventional petrography. In practice, confocal microscopy is applied to polished rock chips or thin sections that have been vacuum-pressure impregnated with epoxy. The laser light source interacts with fluorescent dye within the epoxy. Emitted fluorescent light, recorded using point-by-point illumination, indicates the physical location of pores. A pinhole, placed in front of the detector, eliminates out-of-focus light. Because each measurement is a single point, confocal microscopes scan along grids of parallel lines to provide optical images of planes at specified depths within the sample.

Confocal microscopy is used to generate 2D and 3D images of pore bodies and throats. Results can be compared to laboratory-measured petrophysical properties, such as pore-throat diameters from mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) data. Now, for the first time, we can compute pore-body to pore-throat size ratios without pore casts. These ratios are important, because they can be related to mercury recovery factors from imbibition MICP experiments.
СОСТОЯНИЕ И ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ КОСМИЧЕСКОЙ ОТРАСЛИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ: ПОПЫТКА МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ОБОБЩЕНИЯ
Authors: ЧУРСИН А. , МЕЛЕШКО Ю. , АНИСИМОВА М.
Published: July 2021

Раскрыты особенности развития космической отрасли Республики Беларусь. Рассмотрена структура космической отрасли по двум характеристикам: институциональной (организационно-экономической) и материально-технической. Выявлены основные направления развития белорусской космической отрасли, а именно более тесная интеграция комической отрасли с иными отраслями хозяйства, разработка и реализация совместных проектов в рамках Союзного государства, улучшение материально-технической базы дистанционного зондирования Земли, совершенствование системы страхования космической отрасли
Triangulation supports agricultural spread of the Transeurasian languages
Authors: Robbeets Martine , Bouckaert Remco , Conte Matthew , Savelyev Alexander , Li Tao , An Deog-Im , Shinoda Kenichi , Cui Yinqiu , Kawashima Takamune , Kim Geonyoung , Uchiyama Junzo , Dolińska Joanna , Oskolskaya Sofia , Yamano Ken-Yōjiro , Seguchi Noriko , Tomita Hirotaka , Takamiya Hiroto , Kanzawa-Kiriyama Hideaki , Oota Hiroki , Ishida Hajime , Kimura Ryosuke , Sato Takehiro , Kim Jae-Hyun , Bjørn Rasmus , Deng Bingcong , Rhee Seongha , Ahn Kyou-Dong , Gruntov Ilya , Mazo Olga , Bentley John , Fernandes Ricardo , Roberts Patrick , Bausch Ilona , Gilaizeau Linda , Yoneda Minoru , Kugai Mitsugu , Bianco Raffaela , Zhang Fan , Himmel Marie , Krause Johannes , Hudson Mark , Ning Chao
Published: July 2021

The origin and early dispersal of speakers of Transeurasian languages, i.e., Japanese, Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic, is among the most disputed issues of Eurasian population history. A key problem is the relationship between linguistic dispersals, agricultural expansions and population movements. Here we address this question through ‘triangulating’ genetics, archaeology and linguistics in a unified perspective. We report new, wide-ranging datasets from these disciplines, including the most comprehensive Transeurasian agropastoral and basic vocabulary presented to date, an archaeological database of 255 Neolithic and Bronze Age sites from Northeast Asia, and the first collection of ancient genomes from Korea, the Ryukyu islands and early cereal farmers in Japan, complementing previously published genomes from East Asia. Challenging the traditional ‘Pastoralist Hypothesis’, we show that the common ancestry and primary dispersals of Transeurasian languages can be traced back to the first farmers moving across Northeast Asia from the Early Neolithic onwards, but that this shared heritage has been masked by extensive cultural interaction since the Bronze Age. As well as marking significant progress in the three individual disciplines, by combining their converging evidence, we show that the early spread of Transeurasian speakers was driven by agriculture.
"Everyone would like their child to have a boyfriend or a girlfriend." Young People with Intellectual Disability and their Experiences with Intimate Relationships: A Follow-up Analysis of Parents' and Caregivers' Perspectives
Authors: Retznik Laura , Wienholz Sabine , Höltermann Annelen , Conrad Ines , Riedel-Heller Steffi G.
Published: July 2021

Background Research shows that people with intellectual disability both want and benefit from relationships. Caregivers play an important role in the development and maintenance of these relationships. Barriers to relationships include lack of privacy, inadequate sex education, and lack of public transportation.Method The sample included 42 primary caregivers of young people with intellectual disability aged 14 to 25. Interviews were evaluated with the qualitative content analysis.Results Two-thirds of the caregivers reported the young people having had at least one relationship. The caregivers tended to minimize the importance of the young people’s relationships and reported, in equal measure, both positive and negative relationship skills. Caregivers described limited choice in terms of partner selection, lack of social opportunities, and low quality couple time. Parents face the detachment process with ambivalence and wish for a stable partnership for their children in the future.Discussion Young people with intellectual disability face barriers and limitations regarding intimate relationships. Some young people may keep their partnerships secret to avoid possible restrictions from their caregivers. Their time together is quantitatively high, but qualitatively poor due to a lack of transportation and inclusive services. Caregivers need to support the young people’s autonomy and take their relationships more seriously.
Trends of Freezing Period And Its Main Cause On The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau From 1961 To 2018
Authors: Zhao Dongsheng , Gao Xuan , Yang Yi
Published: July 2021

The ecosystems of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) are very sensitive to climate change because of their unique structure and function. However, little attention has been paid to variations in cold non-growing season. In this study, based on daily mean temperature from 63 meteorological stations throughout the QTP during the period 1961−2018, the spatial and temporal variations in the freezing period (FP) were investigated. The FP was defined as the period between the date of the first autumn freeze and the date of the first spring thaw in the second year. Understanding how the FP changes are imperative in predicting future climate change and decision-making for implementing ecological conservation on the plateau. The results showed that the start of freezing period (SFP) exhibited a pronounced increasing trend with a rate of 0.0704 days year−1 and the end of freezing period (EFP) showed an obviously decreasing trend with a rate of −0.2537 days year−1 at the regional scale. The length of freezing period (LFP) presented a significant negative trend at a rate of −0.3256 days year−1 for regional scale, which was mainly attributed to the earlier EFP. Spatially, earlier EFP and shorter LFP mainly occurred in the south and north of the QTP. Furthermore, this study found that the variations in the SFP, EFP, and LFP were highly dependent on the elevation with EFP and LFP are positively correlated with elevation, while SFP is negatively correlated with elevation.