bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bark Anatomy of Podocarpus elongatus (Ait) L.Herit and Screening of Phytochemical Constituents with Antimicrobial Potential
Authors: . Arunthathi , Valentina J. , Poonguzhali T.V.
Published: August 2021

Background: Conifer Podocarpus elongatus belongs to the family Podocarpaceae and some species of Podocarpus are used in traditional medicine. The present study was undertaken to study the anatomical features of the bark of Podocarpus elongatus (Ait) L.Herit. The study was also focused on the antimicrobial activity and phytochemicals present in the bark extract. Methods: The bark was collected from the P. elongatus from Nilgiri Hills of Ooty, Tamil Nadu. The anatomical structures of the bark were elucidated macroscopically and microscopically by using the sectioning techniques. The phytochemical examination was done to confirm the presence of phytochemical components in the methanol extract. The antimicrobial activity was also studied based on the zone of inhibition. Result: The surface of the bark was highly distinguished from other related species, in the pattern of colour, stripes and thickness. Microscopical study envisaged that periderm is characterised by well distinct, continuous structures of the branchy sclereids with thick undulate, continuous segments that have been originated from a deeper cortex. TLS and RLS of the bark view elucidated that the phloem component appeared to be a vertical plane in the fibres. Phloem rays were found as uniseriate with wide sieve cells. Furthermore, antimicrobial activities of the bark exhibited potential effects against examined bacterial and fungal strains.
Harmonious Values of Kupatan Tradition on Plosokandang Society, Tulungagung
Authors: Rohman Khabibur , Malik Rahma Moh. Irsyad Fahmi , Wirdah Nailul
Published: August 2021

This article aims to draw a comprehensive overview of some values which exist in Kupatan tradition on Plosokandang society, Tulungagung. The current research implements descriptive analysis, meanwhile the data collection method are interview, observation, and documentation. Kupatan is one tradition which happens by the reason of as a celebration that occurs after Eid al-Fitr. On Plosokandang-Tulungagung, Kupatan is held on the seventh day of Shawwal or 7 days after Eid. The result of the study shows that there is a value of harmony among society while applying kupatan. During kupatan, the people of Plosokandang distributed some kupat and various traditional foods to everyone who came to visit at this event who they didn't even know before. Moreover, the value of social harmony contained in the activity of Kupatan not only in according to Islam, but is also needed for a multicultural country like Indonesia.
The Contribution of National Indigenous Organizations in Addressing the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) in Canada
Authors: Putra Trianta Karana
Published: August 2021

The problem of missing and murdered indigenous women & girls (MMIWG) in Canada. This issue is one of the most pressing issues in Canada. MMIWG will be defined as a sociological phenomenon in which indigenous women's racial and gender identities characterize them as a marginalized group leading to increased violence, including a disproportionate rate at which indigenous women disappear and become victims of murder and sexual harassment. Using the concept of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and the concept of Human Rights Non-Governmental Organizations (HRNGOs), this study aims to determine the contribution of National Indigenous organizations in overcoming Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (MMIWG) in Canada.
Myśli o „Myślach…”
Authors: Kosowska Ewa
Published: August 2021

Przedmowę do Myśli o filozofii dziejów uznaje autorka za syntetyczny wywód, w którym Herder wyłożył cel swojej pracy. Była nim próba częściowego chociażby odsłonięcia planu, według którego Stwórca nakreślił drogę rozwojową świata i ludzkości. Autorka śledzi konsekwencje filozoficznych założeń Herdera, którego zdaniem uformowanie się zróżnicowanych kultur implikuje jednoczesne pytania o szczęście człowieka w kulturze i o możliwość zbudowania całościowej filozofii dziejów ludzkości. Herder ma świadomość, że stawia te pytania dzięki przynależności do wspólnoty intelektualnej, której istnienie daje mu możliwość opracowania całościowej filozofii dziejów, ale jednocześnie zastanawia się nad naturą i odmiennością tejże wspólnoty.
Apology of tolerance. Herder’s remarks on Eurocentrism
Authors: Kosowska Ewa
Published: August 2021

The author organises the thoughts on European and non-European cultures contained in Herder’s work. According to the philosopher, a man endowed with free will, able to act independently and pass his experiences to the next generations, plays a key role in the divine plan of creation. That is why human history is determined by upbringing and tradition, differing in various parts of the world. In the process of hominization, articulated speech was of great importance, as it enabled socialisation and culturalisation in all conditions. However, the emergence of writing privileged some cultures and gave rise to civilisation. Europeans, who could benefit from other people’s written experiences, gained knowledge faster and considered it the basis for their own superiority. But the individual deprived of the support of civilisation is still defenceless against the challenges of nature. Therefore, Herder advocates respect for all cultures. His apology of tolerance precedes the twentieth-century anthropological postulate of cultural relativism.
Reconstructing the meaning and function of the concepts of force and form in Johann Gottfried Herder’s “Myśli o filozofii dziejów”
Authors: Kopel Konrad
Published: August 2021

The work Myśli o filozofii dziejów written by Johann Gottfried Herder contains a reconstruction of the history of mankind as well as theoretical elements. The author focuses on the first two parts of the work due to their analytical character. Theoretical solutions are treated as Herder’s instrumental background. The article is focused on the reconstruction of two concepts identified as key to the subject: “force” and “form”. The author’s thesis is that within Myśli… those terms allow the transition between superordinate, subordinate, and equivalent wholes, as well as the establishment of a conditional status of stability. The article makes it possible to identify the philosopher’s key problems, which the author considers important also in the contemporary scientific discourse.
O niektórych implikacjach użycia terminów „la culture”, „la civilisation” we francuskim tłumaczeniu „Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit” Johanna Gottfrieda Herdera
Authors: Gęsikowska Kamila
Published: August 2021

Artykuł dotyczy problemu terminologii we francuskim przekładzie Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit Johanna Gottfrieda Herdera. Wydane w Paryżu w latach 1827–1828 tłumaczenie było efektem pracy Edgara Quineta. Terminy „kultura” i „cywilizacja” zostały w sposób szczególny wykorzystane w tłumaczeniu — zarówno zgodnie z niemieckim oryginałem, jak i poprzez dostosowanie terminów do tych już istniejących w języku francuskim. Relacja między kulturą a cywilizacją jest w tym aspekcie szczególnie interesująca, gdyż na początku XIX wieku w języku francuskim ze słowem „cywilizacja” wiązało się wiele konotacji, a jego pole semantyczne, wyznaczane przez takie terminy, jak: civil, civiliser, civilité, politesse, police, było bardzo bogate, podczas gdy słowo „kultura” miało zauważalnie mniej odnotowanych znaczeń. Autorka skupia się na badaniu związków między terminami „cywilizacja” i „kultura” w pierwszym rozdziale księgi dziewiątej Idées sur la Philosphie de l’histoire de l’humanité.
Estratégias bioclimáticas e conforto ambiental
Authors: Santos Ana Carolina dos , Faria João Roberto Gomes de
Published: August 2021

O conforto ambiental é tido como um dos principais fatores de satisfação e produtividade em escritórios. Quando é obtido bioclimaticamente, além das vantagens relacionadas à economia de energia, resulta em espaços ambientalmente dinâmicos, o que é considerado um fator de boa qualidade do local. Usuários têm papel fundamental no manejo de controles para o estabelecimento de condições de conforto ambiental em suas salas, mas inadvertidamente, o ajuste para uma variável, como privacidade acústica, pode comprometer as condições bioclimáticas do espaço como um todo. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar de forma integrada como a busca pelos usuários por melhores condições térmicas, acústicas ou luminosas isoladamente pode inviabilizar o uso de salas de escritório projetadas com estratégias de condicionamento térmico e iluminação naturais sem o emprego de ar-condicionado e de iluminação elétrica. Para isso, um estudo de caso foi realizado em salas de docentes de quatro prédios de departamentos de um campus universitário. Tais prédios contam com estratégias bioclimáticas e suas salas, de mesma morfologia, são ocupadas individualmente em sua maioria. Foi adotada na pesquisa uma abordagem mista, com avaliações quantitativas e qualitativas a partir de dados gerados, respectivamente, por simulação térmica computacional e questionários. Os resultados evidenciaram a interferência do controle do ruído, da iluminação natural e da vista externa sobre as condições térmicas e de iluminação, inviabilizando ou, no mínimo, reduzindo o uso de estratégias bioclimáticas.
APPLICATION OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF PASSIVE–ACTIVE CDP SURVEY (CDP PAS) FOR REGIONAL EVALUATION OF PETROLEUM POTENTIAL OF THE SEPANOVSKOYE DOME-SHAPED UPLIFT OF THE EAST PAIDUGINA DEPRESSION
Authors:   NMT-Seis, Maksimov L. A. , Vedernikov G. V. ,   NMT-Seis
Published: August 2021

The results of application of the innovative CDP PAS technology on the materials of seismic operations along regional CDP profiles with a total length of 2171 linear km clarifying the southeastern part of the Tomsk region are given. This technology is based on the analysis of spatial-temporal intervals of CDP seismograms up to the first arrivals of induced waves, which provides additional characteristics of emission waves. The working results are presented by spectra and graphs of activity of geodynamic noises in comparison with time sections and the scheme of the spatial position of these data. Areas of anomalous noise values that allow researchers to predict the presence of hydrocarbon accumulations within their boundaries have been identified for all profiles. The results obtained make it possible to assess the oil bearing capacity of this territory rather highly. In Tomsk region, these prospects should be associated mainly with specific non-anti cline traps located near suture zones- long-lived tectonic faults that are possible channels for the migration of deep hydrocarbons. The data obtained indicate an increase in petroleum potential in the southern direction, that is important for the development strategy of this district. The territory of the Stepanovskoye dome mesoelevation appears to be the primary target for the buildup of prospecting and exploration here.
NEW RESULTS OF INTEGRATED LITHOFACIES AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHICAL STUDY OF THE LOWER CAMBRIAN OSA HORIZON IN THE SOUTH OF THE SIBERIAN PLATFORM (BOLSHETIRSKAYA 7 WELL)
Authors:   А.А.Тrofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Tokarev D. A. ,   Novosibirsk State University, Plyusnin A. V. ,   INK, Terleev A. A. ,   А.А.Тrofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Ivanova N. A. ,   Siberian Research Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineral Resources, Varaksina I. V. ,   А.А.Тrofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Lipyanina A. V. ,   Siberian Research Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineral Resources
Published: August 2021

The section of the Osa Subformation of the Usolka Formation of the Lower Cambrian Tommotian stage penetrated by the Bolshetirskaya 7 well in the south of the Nepa-Botuoba anteclise has been studied. As a result of lithological-facies investigations, seven lithological types of rocks were identified, they are regularly replaced by each other along the section. Facies environments of the reef complex were dеtected: bar bank, rear part of the reef, organogenic bioherm bildup, reef rear bars, reef buildup, core of reef buildup. In the section of the subformation, three fourth-order sequences are identified. The sequence boundaries are fixed by subaerial hiatuses represented in the core by sedimentation breccias, karst zones. The largest lowering of sea level, in terms of amplitude and duration, is confined to the border of the second and third sequences. The conducted biostratigraphic analysis confirms the Lower Cambrian age. Remains of calcareous algae Renalcis polymorphum, R. gelatinosum, R. granosum, Botomaella zelenovi were found. Small shell fauna of the genus of Namacalathus Grotzinger, Watt ers et Knoll. also was found. It has global distribution in the Lower Vendian (Ediacaran) deposits in Namibia, Brazil, Canada, Oman, Spain, China, Russia, etc.
DEEP STRUCTURE OF THE FAULT ZONE IN THE MUKHOR-TARKATA SITE OF THE CHUYA DEPRESSION ACCORDING TO NON-STATIONARY ELECTROMAGNETIC SOUNDING DATA USING THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING
Authors:   A.A.Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Sanchaa A. M. , Nevedrova N. N. ,   A.A.Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS, Shtabel N. V. ,   A.A.Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS,   Novosibirsk State Technical University
Published: August 2021

The paper presents the results of three-dimensional modeling of the fault structure in the central part of the Chuya depression in Gornyi Altai within the Mukhor-Tarkhata plot. On this site, from 2004 to the present, researchers of the IPGG SB RAS have been conducting regular annual observations by the method of nearfield time-domain electromagnetic sounding (TSB) to observe the process of restoration of the geological environment after the catastrophic Chuya earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 in 2003. One of the aftereffects of the destructive earthquake is fracture zones expressed on the surface. Numerous deformations of the surface and industrial objects are observed in the area of the Mukhor-Tarkhata village. The fault zone with sub-vertical fracturing, identified at the site by geological and electromagnetic data, was activated after the earthquake. Detailed data on the geoelectric structure are required for the interpretation and analysis of monitoring data. Based on the interpretation of the near-field time-domain electromagnetic sounding data, the deep structure of the fault zone was obtained. To verify and clarify structural features of the geoelectric model, three-dimensional modeling was performed.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE, PARITY, AND BIRTH WEIGHT WITH THE DEGREE OF PERINEAL RUPTURE IN THE RSUD JAYAPURA
Authors: Hukubun Yuni , Budiono Dwi Izzati , Kurniawati Eighty Mardiyan
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground: Perineal rupture is a condition in which the perineum is torn as a result of vaginal delivery either by action or not, which affects the health status of women. Age, parity, and birth weight are influencing factors for perineal rupture.The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between age, parity, and birth weight with the degree of perineal rupture. Methods: Observational analytic research with a case control approach. The sample used in this study were the patients who get diagnostic of perineal rupture during April – December 2019 in the RSUD Jayapura as many as 654 patients. The sampling technique used is total sampling. The independent variables used were age, parity, and birth weight, while the dependent variable was perineal rupture. Bivariate analysis test using Spearman rank correlation. Multivariate analysis test using multiple logistic regression with backward method. Results: The results of the bivariate analysis in this study was showing that the younger mother's age, lower paratity values and higher birth weight related with the degree of perineal rupture, then the multivariate results obtained birth weight had a dominant effect of degree perineal rupture. This is because the heavy of birth weight make the perineum more strecthcing, so the perineum gets more thinner and easier to rupture. Conclusion: There is a relationship between age, parity, and birth weight with the degree of perineal rupture. Birth weight is the most dominant independent factor on the degree of perineal rupture. So, it is necessary to give education about childbirth preparation and preconception counseling to mothers.
OMEGA 3 SUPPLEMENTATION DECREASE A BLOOD CHOLESTROL LEVEL IN TRAINED WOMEN
Authors: Rahima Diana , Purwanto Bambang , Dwiningsih Sri Ratna
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground : Trained woean who experiencing menstrual disoders are found with high blood cholesterol level. This situation is contrary to who don’t experience menstrual disorder. Mentrual disorder condition has a low estrogen level. The low estrogen level is associated with endothelial disfunction which causes blood cholesterol increase. The benefit of omega 3 supplementation have been clinically proven to prevent atherosclerosis, decrease blood cholesterol levels, and playong an important role in modulating inflamation. Omega 3 supplementation is expected to decrease blood cholesterol levels in trained women. Method: This research is using field experimental with case control method. The samples are 30 trained womens contained by 15 are controlled and 15 are given treatment. The sampling technique is randomized allocation. The independent variabel is omega 3 300mg supplementation and the dependent variabel is blood cholesterol levels. Data are analized using parametric statistic paired T-test. Result: The bivariate analysis showed there is a meaningful difference on blood cholesterol levels in the treatment group p=0,0027 and no change in control group p=0,191 during treatment for 8 weeks. Conclusion: Omega 3 supplementation decrease a blood cholesterol levels in trained women.
Evaluation of Modified Unilateral Nasoplasty in Patient with Post Operation of Unilateral Labioplasty at Malahayati Hospital Banda Aceh: Cohort Study from 2017 until 2019
Authors: Taslima Devyana Enggar , Taufik Muhammad , Jailani Muhammad , Rizal Syamsul , Amirsyaha Mirnasari
Published: August 2021

Background : Nasal deformity associated with cleft lip has been viewed as one of the most challenging reconstructive problems in rhinoplasty.(1) The common clinical features associated with cleft lip nasal deformity are its lack of symmetry, alar collapse on the affected side, short nasal length, loss of tip definition, obtuse nasal labial angle, and altered columella show among others.(2) The complexity of cleft lip rhinoplasty is demonstrated by the abundance of technique that is available for its correction.(3) In this case we used the technique that modified by Dr. Muhammad Jailani, SpBP-RE in Aceh.Methods: We conducted a retroperspective study involving 139 patients who is done the rhinoplasty unilateral operation at Malahayati Hospital from January 2017 to November 2019. Demographic information was recorded such as ratio between pre – operation and post – operation, gender and age.Results : Our results has shown the result of comparison between cleft nose before rhinoplasty and cleft nose after rhinoplasty is ±0.26 : ±0.58, and the patients who came to the hospital to do the rhinoplasty unilateral surgery are 81% from 139 patients. Woman (61.2%) experience rhinoplasty more dominant compare to man (38.8%), and the highest age average is between 1 years old until 7 years old (71%)Conclusions: Improvement in procedure’s duration and better positioning of both nasal tip and nostril. Expected improvements in terms of aesthetic and functions were observed but further documentations still needed.
MOTHER’S INTERNAL FACTORS RELATIONSHIP TO VERBAL ABUSE BEHAVIOR AMONG SCHOOL-AGE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Alvionita Nova , Fitryasari Rizki , Kurnia Iqlima Dwi
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The current policy of pandemic caused changes the role of mothers in taking care of her children. However, verbal abuse among school-age children increase during COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to explain relationship between work stress level, education, and mother’s income with verbal abuse behavior among school-age children in Surabaya during COVID-19 pandemic.Method: This study used a correlational descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The study was conducted on mother who have school-age children. The number of samples was 73 mothers and 73 students of an elementary school aged 10-12 using the total sampling technique. The variables studied include mother’s work stress level, mother’s education, mother’s income, and verbal abuse on children. The instrument used was an online questionnaire (google form). The analysis used a statistical test of Spearman Rho (p ≤ 0,05).Results: The results of the study showed that there was a strong relationship between the mother’s work stress level and verbal abuse behavior among school-age children (p = 0.000; r = 0.559), there was a quite strong relationship between mother’s income and verbal abuse behavior among school-age children (p = 0.007; r = 0.314), while mother’s education not related to verbal abuse behavior among school-age children.Conclusions: Work stress level and mother’s income affect a mother’s belief that showed an intention to behave and finally caused verbal abuse behavior among school-age children.
PENGARUH PARTISIPASI DALAM PENGELOLAAN HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI (STUDI KASUS GAPOKTAN MANDIRI LESTARI KPH VIII BATU TEGI)
Authors: Zeilika Ezra , Kaskoyo Hari , Wulandari Christine
Published: August 2021

Community forestry in the management area of BatuTegi is a form of program forest management that involves the community in the rehabilitation of protected forests. The Community forestry scheme in this region has been implemented by synergizing the ecological, economy and social functions with the aim of ensuring sustainable forest preservation. To achieve these objectives, farmers need to participate in management. This study aims to determine the effect of farmer participation on the welfare of farmer case studies in the Mandiri Lestari forest farmers community. The research method used quantitative descriptive with samples taken in December 2019-February 2020 in a proportional random sampling of 37 respondents and data analyzed using quantitative statistical Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques through the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. The analysis shows that participation in planning had the greatest influence on economic welfare with a value of 1,672, participation in the utilization of results has a second impact with a value of 1,358, and participation in implementation is the least influential variable on economic welfare. Whereas for social welfare the participation variable in implementation had the greatest influence with a value of 1,054, the participation variable in the utilization of results has a second impact with a value of 1,021 and the participation variable in planning is the variable that had the least effect on the welfare of farmers
336 PERILAKU HARIAN MONYET EKOR PANJANG (Macaca fascicularis) PADA OBJEK WISATA: STUDY KASUS DI TAMAN WISATA HUTAN KERA BANDAR LAMPUNG, PROVISI LAMPUNG
Authors: Zeksen Albert , P. Harianto Sugeng , Fitriana Yulia Rahma , Winarno Gunardi Djoko
Published: August 2021

A monkey forest tourism park is a tourist attraction whose function is to preserve the long tailed monkey’s (Macaca fascicularis) population and to benefit it as a tourist attraction. The research was taking place at the Monkey Forest Tourism Park/Taman Wisata Hutan Kera (TWHK) Bandar Lampung in Bandar Lampung City, Lampung Province, in November 2018. This study objective was to understand he interaction between monkeys and tourists influence the daily activities of long-tailed monkeys, by etermining the behavior of eating, resting, and moving. The dialy tourist presence was observed in order to analyse this impact to anaimal behavior. Observations in this research were carried out using the scan sampling method by observing and recording continuously the daily behavior over a certain period of time. The research was conducted in the period of time at 6:00 AM to 18:00 PM WIB with intervals observation time for 30 minutes for 14 consecutive days. The results showed 50% switching behavior, 31% resting, and 19% eating of all daily behavior. Factors that influence the most dominant behavior are the presence of natural food in TWHKis very small and the dependence of long-tailed monkeys to receive food from tourists. A long-tailed monkey’s natural food source at TWHK is the main factor influencing behavior change.The research implication is the enrichment of feed sources both type and amount of feed is important in TWHK
IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN KERJA SAMA KEMITRAAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN KONSERVASI PADA BALAI KONSERVASI SUMBER DAYA ALAM KALIMANTAN SELATAN (STUDI KASUS DI CAGAR ALAM TELUK KELUMPANG, SELAT LAUT, SELAT SEBUKU
Authors: Manapa Franscisca Sekar Jayanti
Published: August 2021

The collaborative and synergistic management of Teluk Kelumpang, Selat Laut, and Selat Sebuku Nature Reserve is carried out based on the mutual understanding and agreement of the stakeholders, in accordance with the prevailing laws and regulations and manifested in joint activities according to the principles of professionalism and accountability. This study aimed to assess the quality of the joint regulations, to assess the roles of the stakeholders in carrying out the collaborative efforts, to assess the collaborative process, and to assess the effectiveness of the management in Teluk Kelumpang, Selat Laut and Selat Sebuku Nature Reserve.This qualitative research used a descriptive method. It was done in Teluk Kelumpang, Selat Laut and Selat Sebuku Nature Reserve and Natural Resource Conservation Agency of South Kalimantan. The results revealed: first, the good quality of the joint regulation as indicated by the absence of conflict; the consistency; the accountability and promptness of the regulation. Second, the significance of the stakeholders role in the collaborative efforts in Teluk Kelumpang, Selat Laut, and Selat Sebuku Nature Reserve. The first and second players are the primary actors. Third, the collaboration in Teluk Kelumpang, Selat Laut, and Selat Sebuku Nature Reserve, is carried out based on the joint regulation. Fourth, the attainment of the threshold of the protected area management effectiveness is affected by the threats and weaknesses in areas. The issuance of joint regulation potentially diminishes the threats and weaknesses in area management, and eventually enhances the value of protected area management effectiveness. Based on these results, it is recommended: to issue regulation on the technical guidelines for the management of nature reserve and nature conservation areas and also to standardize the template for the documentation of collaborative management as the guideline/reference.
PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN LAHAN DI HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN GAPOKTAN JAYA LESTARI PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Rahmandani Fredy , Yuwono S. B. , Wulandari C.
Published: August 2021

The research, which was conducted at the Gapoktan HKm Jaya Lestari at the Bukit Punggur KPH, aimed to find out changes in land cover in the HKm work area in 2000, 2009 and 2017, and to determine the effect of the implementation of the HKm program on the condition of forest cover in these locations. This research data analysis used Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Image data analysis includes analysis of land changes carried out by identifying changes in objects in different images at the study site. The extent of each class was calculated from all image data series (2000, 2009 and 2017), then interpretation through descriptive data analysis. Based on the results of this study, the period 2000-2009 added the largest area of land cover in the Secondary Dry Land Forest (Hs) class (1.34% to 83.56%). The addition occurred due to a decreasing in the area of dryland agriculture cover (Pt) 55.48%, Open land (T) 12.91%, Primary dry land forest (Hp) 6.57%, Settlement (Pm) 4.95%, and shrubs (B) 2.34%. The 2009-2017 period of forest land cover which experienced the biggest change was the secondary dryland forest class (Hs), which experienced a decrease in area (83.56% to 46.08%) then primary dryland forest (HP) 7.06%, compared to inverted with settlement class (Pm) which increased 2.69%, followed by shrubs (B) 24.71%, open land (T) 20.56%, and dry land Agriculture (Pt) 3.54%. This provides an important finding and is based on the results of scientific analysis that the land cover in the form of forest trees in the area of Gapoktan management is reduced after the IUP-HKm is accepted by the community. It can be seen from the amount of additional cover in the form of shrubs, settlements and open land. Based on these conditions it is necessary to make efforts to improve the management system of HKm Gapoktan Lestari Jaya area through an agroforestry program.
TINGKAT ASOSIASI JENIS-JENIS BENALU DENGAN POHON INANGNYA DI BLOK KOLEKSI TAMAN HUTAN RAYA WAN ABDUL RACHMA
Authors: Putri Debi Pratiwi , Indriyanto Indriyanto , Riniarti Melya
Published: August 2021

Arboreal plant species is one of a group of parasitics plants that belong to the Loranthaceae family.  Trees or shrubs that are attacked by parasitics would be disturbed and might even die if the attack is in wide numbers.  Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park is an area to maintain the nutrient cycle and biodiversity preservation center for Lampung Province.  Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park is divided into five wide blocks, one of which is the collection block, with an area of 2,120.10 ha or around 9.53% of the total area.  The objective of this study i.e to determine the species of parasitcs at Collection Block of Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park, determine the species of host plants associated with the species of parasitcs, and analyze the density of each parasitics population.  This research was conducted on JuneJuly 2019 using a systematically arranged plot methods.  Sample plots have 70 the form rectangle measuring 20m x 20m.  The results of this study were found 4 species of parasitics, which were 7 species of host plants.  The parasitics population which has the highest density is Macrosolen cochinchinensis with a density value of 4.64 individuals / ha. The parasitics significantly associated with the ketupa tree obtained an (OI value 16.50) and significantly associated with the jackfruit tree (OI value11.60).  while the parasitics population that had the smallest density was Scurrula philippensis with a density valueof 0.71 individuals / ha. The parasite is not significantly associated with the Tangkil tree (OI value 1.51)
NPO/NGO Education in Public Administration in South Korea
Authors: Jeong Bok Gyo , Kim Sung-Ju
Published: August 2021

This study examines how NPO/NGO-related themes and theories are incorporated into public administration education in South Korea. By analyzing NPO/NGO-related courses in selected public administration programs, this research breaks down their curricula into major categories from the public administration and policy standpoints. This study found that civil society constitutes the public administration environment on the macro-level, while NPO/NGOs are key actors in the participatory governance and contracting-out on the micro-level. From the public policy standpoint, the advocacy function of NPO/NGOs took the central role in the public policy formation stage, while their service delivery function was highlighted in the public policy implementation stage. South Korean PA education is evaluated to take a top-down-style approach in embracing the roles of NPO/NGOs in the public policy implementation process. This study contributes to strengthening ties between PA education and NPO/NGO education and practices.
Nonprofit External Communications: General Management, Public Relations, or Fundraising Tool?
Authors: Suh Jiwon , Hoang Trang , Hijal-Moghrabi Imane
Published: August 2021

In the nonprofit sector, effective communication with stakeholders is pivotal for promoting a good reputation, gaining financial resources and, eventually, pursuing an organization’s mission. Although nonprofits increasingly use and diversify their communication channels, such as social media platforms, existing research falls short of explaining how nonprofits institutionalize their different communication strategies. Drawing on institutional theory, this study attempts to bridge this research gap by exploring how nonprofits invest in their communication channels, both non-social media and social media communications, using a sample of U.S. nonprofit museums. The results of the study provide empirical evidence that nonprofits do not treat their non-social media and social media communication channels in the same way. In particular, a significant positive association between advertising expenses and social media channels indicates that nonprofit museums institutionalize their social media communication as the main function of public relations. Further theoretical and practical implications of the results are also discussed.
Achieving Social Equity: From Problems to Solutions by Mary E. Guy and Sean A. McCandless
Authors: McDonald, III Bruce D.
Published: August 2021

The recent publication of Achieving Social Equity: From Problems to Solutions, edited by Mary E. Guy and Sean A. McCandless (2020), sparks a move forward in the literature about social equity. To date, much of the literature on social equity has focused on its overall importance (see Frederickson, 2010), as well as the conditions of inequality within the discipline (see Bodkin & Fleming, 2019; Thomas, 2019) and within practice (see Blessett et al., 2019). Despite the attention that has been given to social equity, the National Academy of Public Administration recently included the need to foster social equity as one of the grand challenges for public administration (Gerton & Mitchell, 2019), suggesting it may be time to move the research on social equity into a new era. Guy and McCandless do just that. Rather than discussing the presence of social equity issues with public organizations, the text seeks to advance our understanding by connecting the literature on social equity with the practicality of the situations that administrators face. This is accomplished over a masterfully curated set of 13 chapters, each which focuses on a unique, but vital perspective on social equity.
A Proof of Riemann Hypothesis Based on MacLaurin Expansion of the Completed Zeta Function
Authors: Zhang Weicun
Published: August 2021

The basic idea is to expand the completed zeta function $\xi(s)$ in MacLaurin series. Thus, $\xi(s)=0$ corresponds to an algebraic equation with real coefficients and infinite degree. In addition, by $\xi(s)=\xi(1-s)$, another formally equivalent algebraic equation exists, i.e., $\xi(1-s)=0$. Then these two simultaneous algebraic equations share the common solution, thus a proof of Riemann Hypothesis (RH) can be obtained.
Recent Expeditious Growth of Type 1 Diabetes in the Gulf Arab Countries
Authors: Jahromi Mohamed , Al Sheikh Mona , Tuomilehto Jaakko
Published: August 2021

The incidence of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in the Arab world, particularly, oil and gas rich Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) countries has more than doubled in the last twenty years. Therefore, there is a dire need for careful systematic familial cohort studies, especially in high-risk populations. Several immunogenetic factors affect the pathogenesis of the disease. Genes in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) account for the major genetic susceptibility to the disease. The triggering agents initiate disease onset by destruction of pancreatic β-cells. The autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma antigen-2 (IA-2A), insulin (IAA), and zinc transporter-8 (ZnT-8A) comprise the most reliable biomarkers for T1D in both children and adults. Although three of the GCC countries, namely Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Qatar are among the top 10 countries with high incidence rate of T1D, no proper diagnostic and prediction tools were applied in the region. Understanding the disease sequelae in a homogenous gene pool with high consanguinity in the GCC could help solve the challenges in understanding pathogenesis, as well as hasten the prevention of T1D. Arab states must incorporate T1D predictive and intervention policies on a war-footing basis to minimize the burden of this serious disease.
Use of Stem Implanted Bioherbicide Capsules to Manage an Infestation of Parkinsonia aculeata in Northern Australia
Authors: Galea Victor Joseph
Published: August 2021

An infestation of parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata) located on Alexandria Station, Northern Territory, Australia was successfully treated with a bioherbicide using stem implanted capsules. The bioherbicide containing three endemic endophytic fungi (Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Macrophomina phaseolina and Neoscytalidium novaehollan-diae) is the first Australian registered woody weed bioherbicide. The product was effectively administered to the plant stems using a mechanical device, resulting in subsequent development of a dieback event, which, after a period of establishment, has moved through the adjacent untreated plant population resulting in significant decline in infestation vigour and reduced recruitment. This is the first report of large-scale management of parkinsonia by this method.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Peptides to Protect Ferulic Acid Against Ultraviolet Radiation Based on Domain Site IIA of Bovine Serum Albumin
Authors: Wu Yinghan , Farrag Hisham N. , Kato Tamaki , Li Hua , Ikeno Shinya
Published: August 2021

Ferulic acid (FA) is known for its excellent antioxidant properties that can provide a lot of health benefits. One of its drawbacks is being unstable under UVA light that limits its potency. In this study, new peptides LW2 (QNKRFYFRKNQ) and CW2 (a cyclic form of LW2) have been designed based on bovine serum albumin site ⅡA conformation. UVA irradiation experiment was performed to investigate the protective ability of these peptides towards FA against UVA damage. The percentage of FA remaining under UV irradiation by the protection of CW2 and LW2 was 83%, 76% respectively. The results showed the importance of the cationic residues and hydrophobic residues included in the peptide sequences. Moreover, the cyclic rigid structure showed more protecting ability over that of the linear counterpart.
Design and Stability Analysis of a Robust-Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Applied on a Robot Arm with Flexible Links
Authors: Uyulan Çağlar , İpek Batuhan
Published: August 2021

Modelling errors, robust stabilization/tracking problems under parameter and model uncertainties complicate the control of the flexible underactuated systems. Chattering-free sliding-mode based input-output control law realizes robustness against the structured and unstructured uncertainties in the system dynamics and avoids excitation of unmodeled dynamics. The main purpose is to propose a robust adaptive solution for stabilizing and tracking direct-drive (DD) flexible robot arms under parameter and model uncertainties, as well as external disturbances. A lightweight robot arm subject to external and internal dynamic effects was taken into consideration. The challenges are compensating actuator dynamics with the inverter switching effects and torque ripples, stabilizing the zero dynamics under parameter/model uncertainties and disturbances while precisely track the predefined reference position. The precise control of this kind of system demands an accurate system model and knowledge of all sources that excite unmodeled dynamics. For this purpose, equations of motion for a flexible robot arm were derived and formulated for the large motion via Lagrange’s method. The goals were determined to achieve high-speed, precise position control, and satisfied accuracy by compensating the unwanted torque ripple and friction that degrades performance through an adaptive robust control approach. The actuator dynamics and their effect on the torque output were investigated due to the transmitted torque to the load side. The high-performance goals, precision&robustness issues, and stability concerns were satisfied by using robust-adaptive input-output linearization-based control law combining chattering-free sliding mode control (SMC) while avoiding the excitation of unmodeled dynamics.
Photodegradation of Riboflavin under Alkaline Conditions: What can Gas-Phase Photolysis Tell Us About What Happens in Solution?
Authors: Wong Natalie G.K. , Rhodes Chris , Dessent Caroline E.H.
Published: August 2021

The application of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) as a direct method for detecting reactive intermediates is a technique of developing importance in the routine monitoring of solution-phase reaction pathways. Here, we utilize a novel on-line photolysis ESI-MS approach to detect the photoproducts of riboflavin in aqueous solution under mildly alkaline conditions. Riboflavin is a constituent of many food products, so its breakdown processes are of wide interest. Our on-line photolysis setup allows for solution-phase photolysis to occur within a syringe using UVA LEDs, immediately prior to being introduced into the mass spectrometer via ESI. Gas-phase photofragmentation studies via laser-interfaced mass spectrometry of deprotonated riboflavin, [RFH], the dominant solution-phase species under the conditions of our study, are presented alongside the solution-phase photolysis. The results obtained illustrate the extent to which gas-phase photolysis methods can inform our understanding of the corresponding solution-phase photochemistry. We determine that the solution-phase photofragmentation observed for [RFH] closely mirrors the gas-phase photochemistry, with the m/z 241 ion being the only major condensed-phase photoproduct. Further gas-phase photoproducts are observed at m/z 255, 212, and 145. The value of exploring both the gas- and solution-phase photochemistry to characterize photochemical reactions is discussed.
Performance and Challenges in the Value Chain of the Anadara Tuberculosa Bivalve Mollusk in Ecuador
Authors: Prado-Carpio Eveligh , Olivo-Garrido María de Lourdes , Quiñonez-Cabeza Manuel , Beitl Christine M. , Martínez-Soto Moisés , Rodríguez-Monroy Carlos
Published: August 2021

The bivalve mollusk, Anadara tuberculosa (Black Shell, in Spanish Concha prieta, "CP"), is found on America's Pacific coast, where it is harvested for subsistence and commercial markets. This paper aims to diagnose the performance of the black shell's value chain. We also identify several challenges that must be addressed to improve the sustainability of the black shell fishery in Ecuador. The descriptive methodology was quantitative, with a non-experimental, field, cross-sectional, and ex post facto design. Similar questionnaires were designed, validated, and applied to each link in the production chain to collect information. The performance of the value chain was diagnosed in the dimensions of productivity, competitiveness, and quality of life, reaching a 75.1% index, a result that indicates that the value chain has a moderate to good performance level. However, the value chain can be improved if the following challenges are met: 1) Restoration of the mangrove ecosystem, 2) Promotion of low-intensity shellfish aquaculture, 3) Good sanitary management and purification, 4) Promotion of value-focused ventures, 5) Strengthening of organizations and agreements for the use and custody of mangroves, and 6) Strengthening of institutions that contribute to the advancement of these challenges.
Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Pecorino DI Farindola Cheese and Manufacturing with a Lacticaseibacillus Paracasei Autochthonous Culture
Authors: Aprea Giuseppe , Alessiani Alessandra , Rossi Franca , Sacchini Lorena , Boni Arianna , D'Angelantonio Daniela , Scattolini Silvia , Sperandii Anna Franca , Centorotola Gabriella , Neri Diana , Pomilio Francesco , Di Giannatale Elisabetta , Del Matto Ilaria , Tucci Patrizia , Migliorati Giacomo
Published: August 2021

This study focused on the characterization of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in a renowned traditional Italian cheese, Pecorino di Farindola, to select an autochthonous culture and investigate its po-tential for the improvement of safety and functional properties. Two hundred and six LAB isolated throughout production and maturation from nine cheese lots of three farms were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and tested for the presence of genes encoding virulence factors, vancomycin resistance (for enterococci), biogenic amines (BAs) and bacteriocin production, for antimicrobial activity, and for the capacity to survive in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) based on tolerance to low pH and bile salts and adhesion to CaCo-2 cells. A Lacticaseibacillus paracasei isolate was used in cheese making and determined a decline of spiked Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157 faster than in control cheese. The autochthonous bacterial groups were numerically unaffected, apart from lactobacilli that were recovered in higher numbers in the cheese with added L. paracasei. Based on Repetitive Extragenic Palyndrome (Rep) PCR profiles, the added strain possibly dominated until day 88 in cheese. Results encourage further trials with autochthonous cultures to efficiently inhibit hazardous bacteria and enrich a functional microbiota in Pecorino di Farindola and similar cheeses.
Molecular and Clinical Elucidation of the Mechanism of Action of Steroids in Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Yamanaka Yoshiaki , Tajima Takafumi , Tsujimura Yoshitaka , Kosugi Kenji , Mano Yosuke , Zenke Yukichi , Hachisuka Akiko , Aoki Takatoshi , Sakai Akinori
Published: August 2021

Background:

Carpal tunnel steroid injection is a nonoperative intervention for the treatment for idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and antiedematous properties of steroids account for their therapeutic effects in the context of CTS; however, their relative contribution has not been clarified.

Methods:

Fibroblasts from subsynovial connective tissues (SSCT) were intraoperatively collected from patients with idiopathic CTS and were incubated with or without the steroid triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for 1, 3, and 7 days; the expression of fibrosis-related genes and inflammatory cytokines was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A clinical prospective study was conducted with patients who received carpal tunnel TA injections. We performed clinical and electrophysiological evaluations before and 1, 3, and 5 months after TA injection; and we compared the median nerve, flexor tendon, and SSCT areas and the median nerve flattening ratio before and 1 month after TA injection using 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results:

TA induced downregulation of the fibrosis-related genes Col1A1 (collagen type I alpha 1 chain), Col1A2, and Col3A1 but not the inflammation-related genes. The nerve flattening ratio did not change after TA injection according to the MRI-based observation of the median nerve, flexor tendon, and SSCT areas.

Conclusions:

The therapeutic effects of injected TA are apparently mediated by its antifibrotic rather than its anti-inflammatory and antiedematous properties. TA probably alters the properties but not the morphology of SSCT.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.