bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actigraphic sleep fragmentation, efficiency and duration associate with dietary intake in the Rotterdam Study
Authors: Dashti Hassan S. , Zuurbier Lisette A. , de Jonge Ester , Voortman Trudy , Jacques Paul F. , Lamon‐Fava Stefania , Scheer Frank A. J. L. , Kiefte‐De Jong Jessica C. , Hofman Albert , Ordovás José M. , Franco Oscar H. , Tiemeier Henning
Published: February 2016

Short self‐reported sleep duration is associated with dietary intake and this association may partly mediate the link between short sleep and metabolic abnormalities. Subjective sleep measures, however, may be inaccurate and biased. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between actigraphic measures of sleep fragmentation, efficiency and duration and energy and macronutrient intakes. We used data from a subgroup of 439 participants of the population‐based cohort, Rotterdam Study. Sleep was assessed using 7‐day actigraphy and sleep diaries, and dietary data with a validated food frequency questionnaire. We assessed the associations of actigraphic sleep parameters with dietary intake using multivariable linear regression models. Higher sleep fragmentation was associated with 4.19 g lower carbohydrate intake per standard deviation of fragmentation {β [95% confidence interval (CI) = −4.19 (−8.0, −0.3)]; P = 0.03}. Each additional percentage increase in sleep efficiency was associated with 11.1 kcal lower energy intake [β (95% CI) = −11.1 (−20.6, −1.7); P = 0.02]. Furthermore, very short sleep duration (<5.5 h) was associated with 218.1 kcal higher energy intake [β (95% CI = 218.06 (33.3, 402.8), P = 0.02], relative to the reference group (≥6.5 to <7.5 h). We observed associations between higher sleep fragmentation with lower carbohydrate intake, and both lower sleep efficiency and very short sleep duration (<5 h) with higher energy intake. The association between sleep and higher energy intake could mediate, in part, the link between short sleep or sleep fragmentation index and metabolic abnormalities.
The Hepatitis C virus treatment cascade at an urban postincarceration transitions clinic
Authors: Hawks L. , Norton B. L. , Cunningham C. O. , Fox A. D.
Published: February 2016

Transitions clinics, which provide medical care to individuals who have been released from incarceration, reach a population at high risk for hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection. We used the HCV treatment cascade to describe HCV care at an urban postincarceration transitions clinic, identifying gaps in care and determining reasons for lapses in care. In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed electronic health records for all formerly incarcerated individuals receiving care at the Bronx Transitions Clinic. HCV treatment cascade measures included the following: detection of HCV antibodies, confirmation of chronic infection, specialist referral, specialist evaluation, initiation of treatment, completion of treatment and achievement of SVR. We recorded reasons for lapses in care. Of 451 patients accessing care, 317 (70%) were screened for HCV antibodies, and 106 (33%) tested positive. Of the 106 antibody‐positive patients, 93 (88%) were evaluated for HCV viremia and 84 (79%) were confirmed to have chronic HCV infection; 19% of the total sample had chronic HCV infection. Of these 84 with chronic HCV, 48 (57%) received specialist referral, 30 (36%) were evaluated, 8 (10%) initiated treatment, and 5 (6%) completed treatment and achieved SVR. Some treatment lapses occurred because patients were deemed unstable for treatment (12%) or were re‐incarcerated (5%). Chronic HCV infection was common among transitions clinic patients. Few were treated and cured. Patients lost contact with providers before consideration for antiviral therapy. Referral to specialty providers was a gap in care. Increasing HCV treatment in this population will likely require intensive delivery models.
Eucalyptus forest shows low structural resistance and resilience to climate change‐type drought
Authors: Matusick George , Ruthrof Katinka X. , Fontaine Joseph B. , Hardy Giles E. St. J.
Published: February 2016

Questions

Climate change‐type drought (the combination of drought and heatwave) has become a widely documented driver of forest dieback yet, to date, limited measurement of post‐event forest dynamics has been reported. Can climate change‐type drought trigger structural and/or compositional changes in a forest type which is usually highly resilient to other disturbances?

Location

Mixed Eucalyptus forest in southwestern Australia.

Methods

Forest areas that were severely and minimally affected by drought were measured repeatedly at 3, 6, 16, 26 and 49 mo post‐event for changes in forest structure and composition of the two dominant tree species (Eucalyptus marginata/ Corymbia calophylla). Means and dispersal from pre‐drought conditions were analysed for each structural variable among drought severity classes and between measurement periods. Resprouting, the predominant resilience mechanism in Eucalyptus, was assessed at 6 and 16 mo, while regeneration type and density were determined at 16 mo post‐drought.

Results

Structural changes were observed after 49 mo on plots severely but not minimally affected by drought, including a 30% increase in stem density (P < 0.0001) and reduction in tree diameter (23%; P < 0.01), basal area (33%; P < 0.0001), canopy height (40%; P < 0.0001) and live biomass (36%; P = 0.01). On severely affected plots, all structural variables plateaued at levels different from pre‐drought conditions. Large, old trees on severely affected plots were replaced by high densities of small stems (1–10 cm DBH). Resprouting among drought affected trees (P < 0.001) and tree regeneration (P = 0.02) were higher on severely affected plots. No significant shifts in the proportional abundance of the two dominant species, E. marginata and C. calophylla, were observed for structural attributes or regeneration after 49 mo.

Conclusion

Climate change‐type drought can cause structural shifts in a resprouting mediterranean‐type forest, providing evidence for a shift to an alternate state, particularly with repeated disturbance. While the study area showed low structural resistance and resilience, tree species composition was resilient to change, as E. marginata is likely to remain dominant in the future due to its resprouting capacity. Findings support the view that climate change‐type drought will drive replacement of large trees with short, multi‐stemmed individuals, transforming ecosystem structure.
The Yellow Book: Reshaping theFin de Siècle
Authors: Marcovitch Heather
Published: February 2016

The literary and art journal The Yellow Book (1894‐1897) debuted to notoriety and in the ensuing decades has been one of the iconic publications of the 1890s aestheticism and decadence. This paper traces the critical history of The Yellow Book as a publication exemplifying the transition from Victorianism to modernism with an emphasis on the critical reception of its literature.
Diversifying Shakespeare
Authors: Espinosa Ruben
Published: February 2016

Critical race studies in Shakespeare have generated a vital body of scholarship that affords us deeper insight both to racial formations in early modern England and to the way contemporary understandings of racial difference infuse Shakespeare with a culturally relevant currency. However, critical race studies remain relatively marginalized within the broader field of Shakespeare studies. This essay reviews and underscores the scholarship that has kindled an important conversation about race in Shakespeare in an attempt to bring it to the fore, and it draws attention to the promise behind ethnic studies—with particular attention to Latino and Latina identity—within the field of Shakespeare studies. Scholarship that emphasizes the role of race, language, cultural identity, assimilation, and immigration in early modern literature and culture is making an impact on ethnic studies in Shakespeare, but ample room remains for us to diversify our field. This essay ultimately calls for Shakespeare and early modern scholars to encourage future research and pedagogical practices where the diversification of Shakespeare studies, and the Shakespeare academy, can materialize.
Alternative Victorian Religion and the Recuperation of Women's Voices
Authors: Houston Gail Turley
Published: February 2016

What is Victorian “religion” and how might we define the “alternative” in “alternative religions” of this time period? Dealing with these questions affirms why analyzing so‐called peripheral religions in the Victorian period is necessary to understanding the Victorian cultural landscape. “Alternate” may refer to the proliferation of non‐mainstream forms of belief; the concept that change and difference are inherent to the very structures mainstream of Victorian religions; the range of methods and theories needed to study Victorian belief properly; and the disparate perspectives such studies make available to our engagements with Victorian literature and culture. Recent feminist recuperations of female writers and their alternate understandings, voices, and critique provide enriched readings of Victorian faith. These voices may become available through strong “critical empathy,” belief, and alternative research methodologies.
Shakespeare and Dance
Authors: McCulloch Lynsey
Published: February 2016

Alan Brissenden'sShakespeare and the Danceis the only full‐length scholarly analysis of dance and dancing within Shakespeare's play texts. Despite considerable growth in interdisciplinary and intermedial studies – and the development of dance studies as an academic field of study – Shakespeare's employment of dance and the reimagining of his writing as dance works remain neglected as subjects for research. In recent years, however, a multidisciplinary community of scholars has, in collaboration with dance practitioners, developed the study of Shakespeare and dance from its disparate past and provided an important focus for discussion of the relationship between text and movement. This article examines the critical history of Shakespeare and dance, surveys key developments in the field and considers future directions for this diverse area of study.
Transactions in Suffering: Mothers, Daughters, and Chronic Disease Comorbidities in New Delhi, India
Authors: Weaver Lesley Jo
Published: February 2016

The biomedical definition of comorbidity belies the complexity of its lived experience. This article draws on case studies of women with diabetes and various comorbidities in New Delhi, India, to explore intergenerational transactions surrounding suffering in contexts of comorbidity. The analysis synthesizes sociological theories of chronic disease work, psychological theories of caregiver burnout, and anthropological approaches to suffering and legitimacy to explore how, when, and by whom women's comorbid sources of suffering become routinized in everyday life. The analysis demonstrates, first, that comorbid suffering is not simply a matter of the addition of a second source of suffering to an existing one; rather, it comprises complex interactions between suffering, disability, family dynamics, and quality of life. Second, it illustrates several social routes through which comorbid suffering can fade into the background of everyday life, even when it is severe. Close attention to how suffering works in cases of comorbidity will be important as comorbid conditions become increasingly commonplace around the world.
Genome, transcriptome and methylome sequencing of a primitively eusocial wasp reveal a greatly reduced DNA methylation system in a social insect
Authors: Standage Daniel S. , Berens Ali J. , Glastad Karl M. , Severin Andrew J. , Brendel Volker P. , Toth Amy L.
Published: February 2016

Comparative genomics of social insects has been intensely pursued in recent years with the goal of providing insights into the evolution of social behaviour and its underlying genomic and epigenomic basis. However, the comparative approach has been hampered by a paucity of data on some of the most informative social forms (e.g. incipiently and primitively social) and taxa (especially members of the wasp family Vespidae) for studying social evolution. Here, we provide a draft genome of the primitively eusocial model insect Polistes dominula, accompanied by analysis of caste‐related transcriptome and methylome sequence data for adult queens and workers. Polistes dominula possesses a fairly typical hymenopteran genome, but shows very low genomewide GC content and some evidence of reduced genome size. We found numerous caste‐related differences in gene expression, with evidence that both conserved and novel genes are related to caste differences. Most strikingly, these –omics data reveal a major reduction in one of the major epigenetic mechanisms that has been previously suggested to be important for caste differences in social insects: DNA methylation. Along with a conspicuous loss of a key gene associated with environmentally responsive DNA methylation (the de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3), these wasps have greatly reduced genomewide methylation to almost zero. In addition to providing a valuable resource for comparative analysis of social insect evolution, our integrative –omics data for this important behavioural and evolutionary model system call into question the general importance of DNA methylation in caste differences and evolution in social insects.
Heterogeneous genome divergence, differential introgression, and the origin and structure of hybrid zones
Authors: Harrison Richard G. , Larson Erica L.
Published: February 2016

Hybrid zones have been promoted as windows on the evolutionary process and as laboratories for studying divergence and speciation. Patterns of divergence between hybridizing species can now be characterized on a genomewide scale, and recent genome scans have focused on the presence of ‘islands’ of divergence. Patterns of heterogeneous genomic divergence may reflect differential introgression following secondary contact and provide insights into which genome regions contribute to local adaptation, hybrid unfitness and positive assortative mating. However, heterogeneous genome divergence can also arise in the absence of any gene flow, as a result of variation in selection and recombination across the genome. We suggest that to understand hybrid zone origins and dynamics, it is essential to distinguish between genome regions that are divergent between pure parental populations and regions that show restricted introgression where these populations interact in hybrid zones. The latter, more so than the former, reveal the likely genetic architecture of reproductive isolation. Mosaic hybrid zones, because of their complex structure and multiple contacts, are particularly good subjects for distinguishing primary intergradation from secondary contact. Comparisons among independent hybrid zones or transects that involve the ‘same’ species pair can also help to distinguish between divergence with gene flow and secondary contact. However, data from replicate hybrid zones or replicate transects do not reveal consistent patterns; in a few cases, patterns of introgression are similar across independent transects, but for many taxa, there is distinct lack of concordance, presumably due to variation in environmental context and/or variation in the genetics of the interacting populations.
Mucormycete infection or colonisation: experience of an Australian tertiary referral centre
Authors: Langford S. , Trubiano J. A. , Saxon S. , Spelman D. , Morrissey C. O.
Published: February 2016

Mucormycosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We reviewed patients with mucormycete isolated at Alfred Health, Australia. A retrospective review of 66 patients with mucormycete(s) identified, between 1 April 2008 and 30 June 2014. Baseline demographic, microbiological, radiological, treatment/outcome data were recorded. Site of isolation was sinopulmonary in 77% and skin/soft tissue in 21%. A total of 32% of cases were proven‐IFD, 12% probable‐IFD and 56% were defined as no‐IFD (or colonisation). Rhizopus spp. was identified in 48%. Comparing probable/proven‐IFD with no‐IFD/colonisation, more patients were postallogeneic stem cell transplantation (28% vs. 0%, P < 0.01) and were receiving immunosuppressive therapy (59% vs. 24%, P < 0.01) including prednisolone >20 mg daily (24% vs. 5%, P = 0.04). A total of 93% of patients with proven/probable IFD received treatment while 30% of no‐IFD/colonisation were treated. A total of 72% of patients with proven/probable IFD and 92% of those with colonisation had no further mucormycete isolated. Thirty day mortality was higher in the proven/probable‐IFD cohort (24%) compared with no‐IFD/colonisation (3%) (P = 0.02). Mucormycosis remains uncommon, with 56% of cases not associated with clinical infection. Immunosuppressive therapy remains strongly associated with mucormycosis. Mortality remains high in those with proven/probable IFD.
Evaluation of topical antifungal products in an in vitro onychomycosis model
Authors: Sleven Reindert , Lanckacker Ellen , Delputte Peter , Maes Louis , Cos Paul
Published: February 2016

Many topical commercial products are currently available for the treatment of onychomycosis. However, limited data are available concerning their antifungal activity. Using an in vitro onychomycosis model, the daily application of seven nail formulations was compared to the antifungal reference drug amorolfine (Loceryl®) and evaluated for inhibitory activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes using an agar diffusion test. Of all commercial nail formulations, only Excilor® and Nailner® demonstrated inhibitory activity, which was much lower compared to the daily application of Loceryl®. However, Excilor® showed similar efficacy compared to the conventional weekly application of Loceryl®. These results suggest a role for organic acids in the antifungal effect of Excilor® (acetic acid, ethyl lactate) and Nailner® (lactic acid, citric acid, ethyl lactate) as all tested formulations without organic acids were inactive.
Virulence markers of opportunistic black yeast in Exophiala
Authors: Sav Hafize , Ozakkas Fatma , Altınbas Rabiye , Kiraz Nuri , Tümgör Ayşegül , Gümral Ramazan , Döğen Aylin , Ilkit Macit , de Hoog G. Sybren
Published: February 2016

The black yeast genus Exophiala is known to cause a wide variety of diseases in severely ill individuals but can also affect immunocompetent individuals. Virulence markers and other physiological parameters were tested in eight clinical and 218 environmental strains, with a specific focus on human‐dominated habitats for the latter. Urease and catalase were consistently present in all samples; four strains expressed proteinase and three strains expressed DNase, whereas none of the strains showed phospholipase, haemolysis, or co‐haemolysis activities. Biofilm formation was identified in 30 (13.8%) of the environmental isolates, particularly in strains from dishwashers, and was noted in only two (25%) of the clinical strains. These results indicate that virulence factors are inconsistently present in the investigated Exophiala species, suggesting opportunism rather than pathogenicity.
Possible coexisting autoimmunity in a variant case of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with anti‐GM2 immunoglobulin M antibody
Authors: Yasaki Shunji , Tukamoto Yuko , Yuasa Naoki , Ohnuki Tomohide , Yoshii Fumihito
Published: February 2016

A 43‐year‐old man presented with bilateral facial palsy, and muscle weakness and numbness in the upper limbs after an episode of antecedent infection. He rapidly developed muscle weakness in all limbs and bulbar palsy, and subsequently required artificial ventilation. Serum samples were weakly positive for anti‐GM2 immunoglobulin M antibody. Plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy resulted in partial and temporary improvement of symptoms. The patient subsequently developed complete tetraplegia. The patient's father and uncle had been previously diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mutational analysis of the patient's blood showed a Cys6Gly mutation in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 gene. Here, we report a variant case of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis suggesting a possible coexisting autoimmunity.
Peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis in C‐reactive protein transgenic mice undergoing peritoneal dialysis solution treatment
Authors: Poon Peter Yam‐Kau , Lan Hui‐Yao , Kwan Bonnie Ching‐Ha , Huang Xiao‐Ru , Chow Kai‐Ming , Szeto Cheuk‐Chun , Li Philip Kam‐Tao
Published: February 2016

Aim

C‐reactive protein (CRP) is a mediator of systemic inflammation. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is known to cause peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis. We compare the degree of peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis in wild‐type (WT) and CRP‐transgenic (Tg) mice after PD treatment.

Methods

WT (n = 7) and CRP‐Tg (n = 10) C57BL/6 J mice (all male, 10–12 weeks old) were injected intra‐peritoneally with 4.25% dextrose PD solution (3 mL/mouse) daily for 28 days, followed by a 2‐h peritoneal equilibration test (PET). The mice were then killed. Parietal peritoneal and omental tissues were collected for the assessment of inflammation and fibrosis.

Results

After 28 days of PD treatment, CRP‐Tg mice had higher dialysate‐to‐plasma (D/P) creatinine ratio than that of WT mice. Parietal peritoneum of the CRP‐Tg mice was more cellular and thicker than that of the WT mice. CRP‐Tg mice also had higher connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) RNA expressions as well as immunohistochemical staining in the parietal peritoneum than that of the WT mice.

Conclusions

CRP‐Tg mice have significantly more inflammation and fibrosis than WT mice after PD treatment. Our results suggest that CRP play a role in inflammation and fibrosis induced by PD. The implication of our results to human PD therapy needs further investigations.
Predictors of cardiac rehabilitation attendance following primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction in Australia
Authors: Soo Hoo Soon Yeng , Gallagher Robyn , Elliott Doug
Published: February 2016

Cardiac rehabilitation is an important component of recovery and secondary prevention following urgent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. However, attendance and factors that predict participation by patients admitted with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction remain unclear. This Australian study was conducted using a descriptive, comparative design. Consecutive patients (n = 246) at two hospitals were interviewed by telephone at four weeks and six months. Open‐ended questions were used to assess cardiac rehabilitation attendance, sociodemographics, modifiable risk factors, clinical outcomes, and post‐discharge health support. Post‐discharge home visits at four weeks (odds ratio: 2.64, 95% confidence interval: 1.48‐4.71) and at six months were associated with better cardiac rehabilitation attendance; more males participated at four weeks and at six months. The results suggest the need to integrate post‐discharge health support with cardiac rehabilitation to facilitate recovery after primary percutaneous coronary intervention, particularly for females with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction.
Interaction between functional health literacy and telehomecare: Short‐term effects from a randomized trial
Authors: Korsbakke Emtekær Hæsum Lisa , Ehlers Lars , Hejlesen Ole K.
Published: February 2016

This study was conducted as part of a randomized, controlled trial, and explored whether the introduction of a Danish telehomecare intervention, referred to as ‘the Telekit’, and its associated educational components affect functional health literacy. The study sample consisted of 60 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in the intervention group who received the Telekit, and 56 in the control group; all participants were collected from the large‐scale, randomized TeleCare North trial by consecutive sampling. To avoid recall bias, the design did not include a baseline measurement, comparing instead the post‐intervention measurements between the intervention and control groups. First, the comparability of the two groups was determined, and statistically significant differences in their functional health literacy scores were examined using an independent t‐test. Furthermore, the associations between functional health literacy and both groups were tested using multiple regression analysis. No statistically significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups, suggesting that the introduction of the Telekit and its associated educational components has no effect on functional health literacy. However, further research should be conducted using a larger sample.
Proposal of indicators to evaluate complementary feeding based on World Health Organization indicators
Authors: Saldan Paula Chuproski , Venancio Sonia Isoyama , Saldiva Silvia Regina Dias Medici , de Mello Débora Falleiros
Published: February 2016

This study compares complementary feeding World Health Organization (WHO) indicators with those built in accordance with Brazilian recommendations (Ten Steps to Healthy Feeding). A cross‐sectional study was carried out during the National Immunization Campaign against Poliomyelitis in Guarapuava‐Paraná, Brazil, in 2012. Feeding data from 1,355 children aged 6–23 months were obtained through the 24 h diet recall. Based on five indicators, the proportion of adequacy was evaluated: introduction of solid, semi‐solid, or soft foods; minimum dietary diversity; meal frequency; acceptable diet; and consumption of iron‐rich foods. Complementary feeding showed adequacy higher than 85% in most WHO indicators, while review by the Ten Steps assessment method showed a less favorable circumstance and a high intake of unhealthy foods. WHO indicators may not reflect the complementary feeding conditions of children in countries with low malnutrition rates and an increased prevalence of overweight/obesity. The use of indicators according to the Ten Steps can be useful to identify problems and redirect actions aimed at promoting complementary feeding.
Feasibility, efficacy, and safety of ultrasound‐guided axillary plexus blockade in pediatric patients with epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica
Authors: van den Heuvel Ingeborg , Gottschalk Antje , Langer Martin , Hahnenkamp Klaus , Ellger Björn
Published: February 2016

Background

In patients suffering from epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica (DEB), the most severe form of epidermolysis bullosa, trauma or friction cause separation of the skin from underlying tissue with consecutive painful blisters, scarifications, contractures, and pseudosyndactyly. To retain functionality of the hands surgical procedures are necessary. Anesthesia is challenging as difficult airways make general anesthesia risky. Regional anesthesia is considered controversial in patients with EB as accidental subcutaneous injections can cause severe blisters. As ultrasound‐guided procedures became standard of care this might have changed however.

Aim

In this case series, we describe feasibility, efficacy, and safety of ultrasound‐guided plexus axillaris block in DEB patients undergoing hand surgery.

Method

We performed a retrospective analysis of the charts of all children with DEB undergoing hand surgery under plexus axillaris block and sedation between 2009 and 2013 in our institution.

Results

Nineteen procedures in nine children were performed. Induction of anesthesia (securing monitoring, sedation, plexus block) took a mean time of 34 min. Perioperative analgesia was adequate in all procedures. No complications such as airway incidents, conversion to general anesthesia, movement during surgery, incomplete block, or formation of new blisters were seen.

Conclusion

Ultrasound‐guided plexus axillaris block in DEB patients undergoing hand surgery in our institution has been feasible, effective, and safe.
Evaluation of Quality of Life, Functioning, Disability, and Work/School Productivity Following Treatment with an Extended‐Release Hydrocodone Tablet Formulated with Abuse‐Deterrence Technology: A 12‐month Open‐label Study in Patients with Chronic Pain
Authors: Hale Martin E. , Zimmerman Thomas R. , Ma Yuju , Malamut Richard
Published: February 2016

Background

This phase 3 study evaluated quality of life, functioning, and productivity after treatment with extended‐release (ER) hydrocodone formulated with CIMA® Abuse‐Deterrence Technology platform.

Methods

Patients with chronic pain were rolled over from a 12‐week placebo‐controlled hydrocodone ER study or were newly enrolled. Hydrocodone ER doses were titrated (15 to 90 mg every 12 hours) to an analgesic dose, and patients received up to 52 weeks of open‐label treatment. Assessments included Clinician Assessment of Patient Function (CAPF), Patient Assessment of Function (PAF), Brief Pain Inventory–Short Form (BPI–SF), 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), and World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire–Short Form (HPQ–SF).

Results

Of 330 enrolled patients, 291 composed the full analysis population. By week 4, ≥ 50% of patients showed improvement from baseline in all 5 CAPF domains (general activities, walking, work/daily living, relationships, and enjoyment of life) and 6 of 7 PAF domains (work attendance, work performance, walking, exercise, socializing, and enjoying life). Mean decreases from baseline of 2 to 3 points were noted for BPI–SF pain interference questions from week 4 through endpoint. Mean improvements from baseline to endpoint in SF‐36 subscales ranged from 3.3 to 22.3, and SDS scores improved from moderate (4.8 to 5.1) to mild (2.5 to 2.8) disruptions in work/school, social life, and family life. At endpoint, mean HPQ–SF absolute absenteeism scores decreased from 13.6 to 10.0 hours lost/month and absolute presenteeism scores improved from 67.0 to 77.1.

Conclusions

Patients receiving hydrocodone ER showed early numeric improvements in functioning that continued throughout this 12‐month study.
Anaphylaxis after prick‐to‐prick test with fish
Authors: Haktanir Abul Mehtap , Orhan Fazil
Published: February 2016

Skin prick testing is the diagnostic procedure for allergies and is considered to be safe. It is usually performed using the prick and the prick‐to‐prick method. Herein is described a pediatric case of anaphylaxis during prick‐to‐prick testing with raw fish in a patient who had consumed fish without any systemic allergic reactions beforehand, to illustrate that skin prick testing should be carefully planned and performed with caution in order to avoid potentially serious risks for the patient.
The second report of the Nordic Pediatric Renal Transplantation Registry 1997–2012: More infant recipients and improved graft survivals
Authors: Jahnukainen Timo , Bjerre Anna , Larsson Marie , Tainio Juuso , Thiesson Helle C. , Jalanko Hannu , Schwartz Sørensen Søren , Wennberg Lars
Published: February 2016

The NPRTSG has collected data on pediatric KTx since 1994. The registry archives information from all centers that perform pediatric KTx in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden and has 100% coverage. The first NPRTSG report was published in 1998 and was based on data collected in the 1982─1996 period. The present report provides data on 602 pediatric KTx in the Nordic countries from 1997 to 2012. Comparison of the patient demographics and one‐ and three‐yr graft survivals between the two time cohorts revealed no significant change in the recipient and donor demographics. The number of transplantations increased by approximately 30%, doubling the recipients below the age of two yr. The use of Tac and mycophenolate as primary immunosuppression increased from practically 0% to 50% and 40%, respectively. The one‐ and three‐yr graft survivals improved significantly (p < 0.001), especially among the youngest recipients with transplant from DD. In these patients, the one‐yr survival improved from 70% to 94.6% and the three‐yr graft survival from 60% to 94.6%, respectively. The improved graft survival may be at least partly due to changes in immunosuppression strategies, but also greater experience may also be of importance.
Evaluation of facilitative factors for preventing cognitive decline: A 3‐year cohort study of community intervention
Authors: Kimura Daisuke , Takeda Tokunori , Ohura Tomoko , Imai Aiko
Published: February 2016

Aim

We conducted a cohort study to elucidate paticipants' facilitative factors that may help to prevent cognitive decline.

Methods

This study followed 100 participants (average age: 74.1 ± 5.8; 10 men, 90 women) for 3 years; participants had previously been part of the Taketoyo Project (n = 366) in 2007–2011. The end‐point was defined as reduced cognitive function in elderly community residents participating in a preventive intervention for dementia. The presence or absence of reduced cognitive function at the end of the third year of intervention was the dependent variable, and all evaluation items were considered explanatory variables. After Fisher's exact test (P < 0.15), stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis (P < 0.05) was performed, and facilitative factors for prevention of cognitive decline were extracted.

Results

Items with a significant adjusted odds ratio (OR) based on multiple logistic regression analysis were the three‐word delayed recall test (OR: 0.330, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.142–0.767; P < 0.05), word fluency (OR: 0.565, 95%CI: 0.359–0.891; P < 0.05), frequency of going out (OR: 2.790, 95%CI: 0.803–6.380; P < 0.05) and number of friends with whom they engaged in activities (OR:0.344, 95%CI: 0.127–0.932; P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Subjects who had maintained a certain level of cognitive function, engaged in activities with friends, and went out frequently at baseline were extracted. In other words, the results suggested that enhancement of social networks and leisure activities prompted by recreational centre participation had a positive effect on maintaining cognitive function. The results also suggest that to improve the effectiveness of preventive interventions for cognitive dysfunction, support for social factors and leisure activities, in addition to cognitive function, may improve the long‐term effectiveness of maintaining cognitive function.
Effects of Supplementing Holstein Heifers with Dietary Melatonin during Late Gestation on Growth and Cardiovascular Measurements of their Offspring
Authors: Brockus KE , Hart CG , Fleming BO , Smith T , Ward SH , Lemley CO
Published: February 2016

Contents

The objective was to examine the effects of supplementing dams with dietary melatonin during late gestation on offspring growth and cardiovascular measurements. On day 190 of gestation, heifers (n = 20) were blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments consisting of 20 mg of dietary melatonin per day [melatonin (MEL)] or no melatonin supplementation [control (CON)]. Dietary treatments were terminated on day 262 of gestation. At birth, calves were separated from their dams with no further treatments. Calf (n = 18) blood pressure, cortisol, nitrites and total antioxidant capacity were collected on weeks 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 of age. Calf hepatic portal blood flow and concentrations of insulin‐like growth factor 1 were determined on weeks 0 and 4 of age. Calf body weight, abdominal girth, hip height and wither height increased (p < 0.05) with age. An age by treatment interaction (p < 0.01) was observed for calf body weight, which was increased at weeks 8 and 9 of age in calves born to MEL heifers compared to calves born to CON heifers. Pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, absolute hepatic portal blood flow and blood flow relative to calf body weight were not different (p > 0.05) between treatments. A main effect of calf age (p < 0.05) was observed for concentrations of insulin‐like growth factor 1, which was decreased at week 4 compared to week 0. An age by treatment interaction (p < 0.05) was observed for cortisol, which was decreased at week 2 in calves from MEL‐treated dams compared to calves from CON‐treated dams. Early post‐natal growth was altered in offspring born to dams supplemented with dietary melatonin. This could lead to further foetal programming implications in conjunction with post‐natal development.
Does Size Matter? A Study of Risk Perceptions of Global Population Growth
Authors: Dawson Ian G. J. , Johnson Johnnie E. V.
Published: February 2016

The global human population now exceeds 7 billion and is projected to reach 10 billion around 2060. While population growth has been associated with certain benefits (e.g., economies of scale, technological advancements), theoretical models, probabilistic projections, and empirical evidence also indicate that this growth could increase the likelihood of many adverse events (e.g., climate change, resource shortages) and the impact of these events, as more people are exposed to the outcomes. While concerns about these issues are well‐documented in the academic literature, there is little evidence concerning the public's perceptions of the risks associated with global population growth (GPG) and how these perceptions are likely to influence related decisions. To address these issues, we conducted a U.K.‐based study that examined respondents’ risk perceptions of GPG, their willingness to embrace mitigation/precautionary behaviors, and reasons for variations in these two factors. We found that GPG is perceived as a moderate‐to‐high risk, with concerns about the increased likelihood of resource shortages, ecological damage, and violent conflict being foremost. Respondents believed that the worst effects of GPG would arrive around 2050 and would be experienced by the world's poorest people. Respondents who perceived greater levels of risk from GPG were generally those who indicated a greater willingness to embrace mitigation behaviors (e.g., reduce resource consumption) and preventative actions (e.g., support political action to limit growth). We discuss how our findings might be utilized to better manage the potential challenges associated with GPG and we suggest several directions for further research.
Improving Risk Assessment Calculations for Traditional Foods Through Collaborative Research with First Nations Communities
Authors: McAuley Claire , Dersch Ave , Kates Lisa N. , Sowan Darryel R. , Ollson Christopher A.
Published: February 2016

As industrial development is increasing near northern Canadian communities, human health risk assessments (HHRA) are conducted to assess the predicted magnitude of impacts of chemical emissions on human health. One exposure pathway assessed for First Nations communities is the consumption of traditional plants, such as muskeg tea (Labrador tea) (Ledum/Rhododendron groenlandicum) and mint (Mentha arvensis). These plants are used to make tea and are not typically consumed in their raw form. Traditional practices were used to harvest muskeg tea leaves and mint leaves by two First Nations communities in northern Alberta, Canada. Under the direction of community elders, community youth collected and dried plants to make tea. Soil, plant, and tea decoction samples were analyzed for inorganic elements using inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. Concentrations of inorganic elements in the tea decoctions were orders of magnitude lower than in the vegetation (e.g., manganese 0.107 mg/L in tea, 753 mg/kg in leaves). For barium, the practice of assessing ingestion of raw vegetation would have resulted in a hazard quotient (HQ) greater than the benchmark of 0.2. Using measured tea concentrations it was determined that exposure would result in risk estimates orders of magnitude below the HQ benchmark of 0.2 (HQ = 0.0049 and 0.017 for muskeg and mint tea, respectively). An HHRA calculating exposure to tea vegetation through direct ingestion of the leaves may overestimate risk. The results emphasize that food preparation methods must be considered when conducting an HHRA. This study illustrates how collaboration between Western scientists and First Nations communities can add greater clarity to risk assessments.
Assessing Risk‐Based Upper Limits of Melamine Migration from Food Containers
Authors: Ling Min‐Pei , Lien Keng‐Wen , Hsieh Dennis P. H.
Published: February 2016

Melamine contamination of food has become a major food safety issue because of incidents of infant disease caused by exposure to this chemical. This study was aimed at establishing a safety limit in Taiwan for the degree of melamine migration from food containers. Health risk assessment was performed for three exposure groups (preschool children, individuals who dine out, and elderly residents of nursing homes). Selected values of tolerable daily intake (TDI) for melamine were used to calculate the reference migration concentration limit (RMCL) or reference specific migration limit (RSML) for melamine food containers. The only existing values of these limits for international standards today are 1.2 mg/L (0.2 mg/dm2) in China and 30 mg/L (5 mg/dm2) in the European Union. The factors used in the calculations included the specific surface area of food containers, daily food consumption rate, body weight, TDI, and the percentile of the population protected at a given migration concentration limit (MCL). The results indicate that children are indeed at higher risk of melamine exposure at toxic levels than are other groups and that the 95th percentile of MCL (specific surface area = 5) for children aged 1–6 years should be the RMCL (0.07 mg/dm2) for protecting the sensitive and general population.
Revisiting Growth‐Poverty Relationship: A Medium‐Term Causality Approach
Authors: Pérez‐Moreno Salvador
Published: February 2016

This article examines the potential medium‐term causal relationship between changes in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and poverty in developing countries during the 1970s–1990s. For this purpose, we use panel data model evaluation techniques to test the out‐of‐sample forecasting performance of competing models. We conclude that the evidence supports the hypothesis that increases in GDP per capita cause unidirectional poverty reduction, measured by the $1/day poverty rate, in the period 1970s–1980s. The results are similar when analysing low‐ and middle‐income countries and mid‐high‐ and very high‐inequality countries separately. However, in the period 1980s–1990s, it is only statistically significant for low‐income countries.
Patient Experience Assessment is a Requisite for Quality Evaluation: A Discussion of the In‐Center Hemodialysis Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems (ICH CAHPS) Survey
Authors: Cavanaugh Kerri L.
Published: February 2016

Patient experience surveys provide a critical and unique perspective on the quality of patient‐centered healthcare delivery. These surveys provide a mechanism to systematically express patients' voice on topics valued by patients to make decisions about choices in care. They also provide an assessment to healthcare organizations about their service that cannot be obtained from any other source. Regulatory agencies have mandated the assessment of patients' experience as part of healthcare value based purchasing programs and weighted the results to account for up to 30% of the total scoring. This is a testimony to the accepted importance of this metric as a fundamental assessment of quality. After more than a decade of rigorous research, there is a significant body of growing evidence supporting specifically the validity and use of the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) surveys, including a version specific to in‐center hemodialysis (ICH CAHPS). This review will focus on the ICH CAHPS survey including a review of its development, content, administration, and also a discussion of common criticisms. Although it is suggested that the survey assesses activities and experiences that are not modifiable by the healthcare organization (or the dialysis facility in our case) emerging evidence suggests otherwise. Dialysis providers have an exclusive opportunity to lead the advancement of understanding the implications and serviceability of the evaluation of the patient experience in health care.
Transnationalism and the Karen wrist‐tying ceremony: An ethnographic account of Karen settlement practice in Brisbane
Authors: Bird Jessica N. , Brough Mark , Cox Leonie
Published: February 2016

When settling, people often use cultural schema from their original homeland to build familiarity in unfamiliar surrounds. This paper draws on ethnographic fieldwork conducted by the first author in Brisbane, with the Karen community from Burma, during which participant observation and interview methods were used. We present an ethnographic account of the Brisbane Karen wrist‐tying ceremony. The ceremony acts as an insight into the challenges for Karen whilst settling into Australia. It reflects multiple accounts of history and tradition, but simultaneously speaks to emerging, contemporary Karen contexts. This research contributes to richer understandings of settlement: it frames transnational cultural practice as a flexible mode of integration, rather than an exclusionary mode of othering. We propose that the integrative discourse of the ceremony creates familiarity and social connection in local and diasporic spaces. This acts as a counter to the challenges of Karen settlement including the negotiations of local/global identity politics.
A UDP‐glucosyltransferase functions in both acylphloroglucinol glucoside and anthocyanin biosynthesis in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)
Authors: Song Chuankui , Zhao Shuai , Hong Xiaotong , Liu Jingyi , Schulenburg Katja , Schwab Wilfried
Published: February 2016

Physiologically active acylphloroglucinol (APG) glucosides were recently found in strawberry (Fragaria sp.) fruit. Although the formation of the APG aglycones has been clarified, little is known about APG glycosylation in plants. In this study we functionally characterized ripening‐related glucosyltransferase genes in Fragaria by comprehensive biochemical analyses of the encoded proteins and by a RNA interference (RNAi) approach in vivo. The allelic proteins UGT71K3a/b catalyzed the glucosylation of diverse hydroxycoumarins, naphthols and flavonoids as well as phloroglucinols, enzymatically synthesized APG aglycones and pelargonidin. Total enzymatic synthesis of APG glucosides was achieved by co‐incubation of recombinant dual functional chalcone/valerophenone synthase and UGT71K3 proteins with essential coenzyme A esters and UDP‐glucose. An APG glucoside was identified in strawberry fruit which has not yet been reported in other plants. Suppression of UGT71K3 activity in transient RNAi‐silenced fruits led to a loss of pigmentation and a substantial decrease of the levels of various APG glucosides and an anthocyanin. Metabolite analyses of transgenic fruits confirmed UGT71K3 as a UDP‐glucose:APG glucosyltransferase in planta. These results provide the foundation for the breeding of fruits with improved health benefits and for the biotechnological production of bioactive natural products.
IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—NUCLEAR SCINTIGRAPHIC, RADIOLOGICAL, AND PATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF METASTATIC PILOMATRICOMA IN A DOG
Authors: Ruff Catherine F. , Lim Chee Kin , Ramos‐Vara José A. , Custead Michelle R. , Parys Magdalena M. , Poulson Jean M. , Miller Margaret A.
Published: February 2016

A 6‐year‐old castrated Goldendoodle dog was presented for left‐sided lameness of 3 weeks’ duration. Focal, moderate to marked increased 99mTc‐methylene diphosphonate (99mTc‐MDP) uptake was detected in the right caudal lung lobe, caudal angle of the left scapula, and the distal aspect of the left femur with whole body bone phase scintigraphy. Radiographs identified a well‐circumscribed, oval‐shaped soft tissue opaque mass in the right caudal lung lobe; a suspect oval‐shaped osteolytic lesion in the proximal third of the left scapula; and an osteolytic lesion in the distal aspect of the left femur. Metastatic pilomatricoma was confirmed histologically at all three sites.