bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural phase diagram and magnetic properties of Sc-substituted rare earth ferrites R1−xScxFeO3 (R = Lu, Yb, Er, and Ho)
Authors: White Jason , Sinha Kishan , Xu Xiaoshan
Published: June 2019

We have studied the structural stability of Sc-substituted rare earth (R) ferrites R1−xScxFeO3 and constructed a structural phase diagram for different R and x. While RFeO3 and ScFeO3 adopt the orthorhombic and bixbyite structure, respectively, the substituted compound R1−xScxFeO3 may be stable in a different structure. Specifically, for R0.5Sc0.5FeO3, the hexagonal structure can be stable for small R, such as Lu and Yb, while the garnet structure is stable for larger R, such as Er and Ho. The formation of the garnet structure of R0.5Sc0.5FeO3 compounds, which requires that Sc occupies both the rare earth and the Fe sites, is corroborated by their magnetic properties.
Wurtzite phonons and the mobility of a GaN/AlN 2D hole gas
Authors: Bader Samuel James , Chaudhuri Reet , Schubert Martin F. , Then Han Wui , Xing Huili Grace , Jena Debdeep
Published: June 2019

To make complementary GaN electronics a desirable technology, it is essential to understand the low mobility of 2D hole gases in III-Nitride heterostructures. This work derives both the acoustic and optical phonon spectra present in one of the most prominent p-channel heterostructures (the all-binary GaN/AlN stack) and computes the interactions of these spectra with the 2D hole gas, capturing the temperature dependence of its intrinsic mobility. Finally, the effects of strain on the electronic structure of the confined 2D hole gas are examined and a means is proposed to engineer the strain to improve the 2D hole mobility for enhanced p-channel device performance, with the goal of enabling wide-bandgap CMOS.
Dependence of the virial exciton model on basis set and exact-exchange fraction
Authors: Becke Axel D.
Published: June 2019

The exchange-only (uncorrelated) singlet-triplet energy difference in one-electron excited configurations is 2Kif, where Kif is the Coulomb self-energy of the product of the transition orbitals. A nonempirical, virial-theorem argument was presented by Becke [J. Chem. Phys. 148, 044112 (2018)] that the correlated singlet-triplet energy difference should be half of this, namely, Kif. This incredibly simple result gave HOMO-LUMO singlet excitation energies in small-molecule benchmark sets as good as the popular TD-B3LYP time-dependent approach to excited states. In a subsequent application to long-chain polyenes approaching the polyacetylene limit [A. D. Becke, J. Chem. Phys. 149, 081102 (2018)], we found a dramatic dependence of the optical gap on the amount of exact exchange in the density functionals used to generate the orbitals. Here, we assess the effect of the exact-exchange fraction in standard small-molecule tests. Also, we assess two basis-set extremes: the highly practical cc-pVDZ basis set and the higher-quality aug-cc-pVTZ.
Detection of ranavirus in endemic and threatened amphibian populations of the Australian Wet Tropics Region
Authors: Wynne Felicity J.
Published: June 2019

The amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) has driven severe amphibian declines in the Australian tropics. These declines have resulted in species extirpations and extinctions, with many surviving in small, highly threatened populations. Despite the fragility of remaining populations, another group of lethal pathogens, ranaviruses, have rarely been investigated among native amphibians. Ranaviruses have previously been associated with fish, reptile and amphibian mortality events in Australia, yet remain poorly understood here, especially among amphibian hosts. Here, quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect ranavirus presence from eight of 17 tested sites containing populations of endangered and critically endangered Australian frog species. Although present in these populations, ranavirus seems to be at the lower bounds of detectability of the assay, which makes firm diagnosis at the individual level unreliable. Repeated (n=14) detections of this pathogen, however, are highly indicative of its presence at each area where it was detected. Therefore, these populations are likely often exposed to ranavirus. The results of this study are not characteristic of populations experiencing rapid disease-associated die-offs or declines, but further investigations should be undertaken to examine the potential drivers of these pathogens to predict future emergence and potential threats to endangered Australian amphibians.
I did not say that the government should be plundering anybody’s savings
Authors: Renardel de Lavalette Kiki Yvonne , Andone Corina , Steen Gerard J.
Published: June 2019

This paper examines how politicians employ metaphors to express starting points in British parliamentary debates. Because these metaphors are conceptual tools that may have presuppositions and entailments that are not in line with the ideas and values of all discussion parties, political opponents can resist them by advancing argumentative criticisms. This paper aims to explore how different types of metaphor can be used to express starting points, and how various types of responses can be instrumental to achieving diverging outcomes in the discussion stage at which starting points are commonly decided. To this end, we present a number of case studies of resistance to metaphorically expressed starting points found in British Public Bill Committee debates. Our analysis reveals that metaphors can be important strategies in parliamentary debates when starting points are established between parties, and that resisting them seems to be a pertinent skill.
Microstructures and mechanical properties of (AlCoCrFeMn)100 − xCux high-entropy alloys
Authors: Qin Gang , Zhang Yufeng , Chen Ruirun , Zheng Huiting , Wang Liang , Su Yanqing , Ding Hongsheng , Guo Jingjie , Fu Hengzhi
Published: June 2019

A series of (AlCoCrFeMn)100 −  xCu x high-entropy alloys (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 at.-%) were prepared by vacuum arc furnace melting and their phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The results show that Cu can induce phase transformation from the orthorhombic phase to the Laves phase in (AlCoCrFeMn)100 −  xCu x high-entropy alloys and the volume fractions of Laves phase increases from 0 to 70% with increasing Cu content. The compression fracture strain increases from 5 to 16% and the compression fracture strength also increases from 1380 to 2140 MPa with Cu content increases. The increased volume fraction of the Laves phase is the main factor for the ductility increases.
Effect of austenisation temperature on bainite transformation below martensite starting temperature
Authors: Tian Junyu , Xu Guang , Jiang Zhengyi , Yuan Qing , Chen Guanghui , Hu Haijiang
Published: June 2019

Effects of austenisation temperature on martensite and bainite transformation behaviour, microstructure, and mechanical properties of a bainitic steel austempered below martensite starting temperature were investigated in this study. Results show that the amount of athermal martensite gradually increased with the increase of austenisation temperature, whereas the amounts of bainite and retained austenite initially increased and then decreased, resulting in the trend of the first increase and then decrease in the product of tensile strength and elongation. In addition, the transformation rate of isothermal bainite after athermal martensite formation revealed a trend of deceleration and then acceleration with austenisation temperature at the beginning period. Moreover, the size of bainite plates decreased first and then increased with austenisation temperature.
Changes in lactate kinetics underpin soccer performance adaptations to cycling‐based sprint interval training
Authors: Thom Graham , Kavaliauskas Mykolas , Babraj John
Published: June 2019

In adolescent soccer, 23% of the distance covers happens at speeds above onset of blood lactate accumulation which suggests that lactate kinetics may be important for soccer performance. We sought to determine the effectiveness of sprint interval training (SIT) on changing performance and lactate kinetics in adolescent soccer players. Thirteen elite soccer academy players (age 15 ± 0.5y) underwent baseline testing (0–10 m and 10–20 m sprint performance, Wingate anaerobic Test (WaNT) with blood lactate measurements and incremental VO2 peak test) before being allocated to control or SIT group. The control group maintained training whilst the HIT group carried out twice‐weekly all‐out effort cycle sprints consisting of 6 × 10 s sprint with 80 s recovery. There were significant time x group interactions for 10–20 m sprint time (Control pre: 1.32 ± 0.07 s post: 1.35 ± 0.08 s; SIT pre: 1.29 ± 0.04 s post: 1.25 ± 0.04 s; p = 0.01), Peak Power (Control pre: 13.1 ± 1.3 W.kg−1 post: 13.2 ± 1.47 W.kg−1; SIT pre: 12.4 ± 1.3 W.kg−1 post: 15.3 ± 0.7 W.kg−1; p = 0.01) and time to exhaustion (Control pre: 596 ± 62 s post: 562 ± 85 s; SIT pre: 655 ± 54 s post: 688 ± 55 s; p = 0.001). The changes in performance were significantly correlated to changes in lactate kinetics (power: r = 0.55; 10–20 m speed: r = −0.54; time to exhaustion: r = 0.55). Therefore, cycle based SIT is an effective training paradigm for elite adolescent soccer players and the improvements in performance are associated with changes in lactate kinetics.
Maize defective kernel5 is a bacterial TamB homologue required for chloroplast envelope biogenesis
Authors: Zhang Junya , Wu Shan , Boehlein Susan K. , McCarty Donald R. , Song Gaoyuan , Walley Justin W. , Myers Alan , Settles A. Mark
Published: June 2019

Chloroplasts are of prokaryotic origin with a double-membrane envelope separating plastid metabolism from the cytosol. Envelope membrane proteins integrate chloroplasts with the cell, but envelope biogenesis mechanisms remain elusive. We show that maize defective kernel5 (dek5) is critical for envelope biogenesis. Amyloplasts and chloroplasts are larger and reduced in number in dek5 with multiple ultrastructural defects. The DEK5 protein is homologous to rice SSG4, Arabidopsis thaliana EMB2410/TIC236, and Escherichia coli tamB. TamB functions in bacterial outer membrane biogenesis. DEK5 is localized to the envelope with a topology analogous to TamB. Increased levels of soluble sugars in dek5 developing endosperm and elevated osmotic pressure in mutant leaf cells suggest defective intracellular solute transport. Proteomics and antibody-based analyses show dek5 reduces levels of Toc75 and chloroplast envelope transporters. Moreover, dek5 chloroplasts reduce inorganic phosphate uptake with at least an 80% reduction relative to normal chloroplasts. These data suggest that DEK5 functions in plastid envelope biogenesis to enable transport of metabolites and proteins.
Electronic, local atomic structure of lutetium tetraphenylporfyrin: XPS and XAFS spectroscopy stadies
Authors: Mozhchil R N , Ionov A M , Bozhko S I , Bozhko V S , Rumyantseva V D , Trigub A L , Menushenkov A P
Published: June 2019

The electronic and local atomic structure of lutetium metalloporphyrins Lu(acac)TPP and precursor tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and absorption spectroscopy (XAFS). The XPS spectroscopy data show changes in the electronic structure of tetraphenylporphyrins under incorporation of the lutetium atom: a redistribution of the electron density between the nitrogen atoms of the pyrrole- and aza- group and appearance of one broadened peak of the N1s state. The integer trivalent state of the rare-earth metal (Lu3+) in metalloporphyrins has been confirmed by both XPS and XAFS methods.
Impact wear-resistance of Ti-Cr-B-N coatings produced by pulsed CAE of ceramic target
Authors: Kiryukhantsev-Korneev Ph V , Kuptsov K A
Published: June 2019

Ti–Cr–B–N coatings were successfully deposited using reactive pulsed cathodic arc evaporation (CAE) of ceramic TiCrB target. The influence of the substrate negative bias voltage on the coating impact wear resistance and mechanical properties has been studied. Structural investigations have been carried out using X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, glow-discharge optical-emission spectroscopy, and optical profilometry. The coating properties have been estimated by impact tests, scratch-test, and nanoindentation. The obtained results show that the coatings consist of Ti(Cr)N fcc phase with crystallites 1–2 nm in size and amorphous BNx tissure. The coatings obtained at Ubias=-250 V demonstrated highest hardness of 24 GPa, whereas samples deposited at Ubias=-500V exhibited minimal wear rate (worn area of 12 μm2) in impact conditions. Coatings obtained by pulsed CAE with intensive ion-bombardment possess high adhesion strength higher than 120 N.
Comparison of levitation forces of the cc-tapes stacks from different manufacturers
Authors: Osipov M A , Starikovskii A S , Rudnev I A
Published: June 2019

High-temperature superconductors (HTSC) have a significant potential for application in systems based on magnetic levitation. The wide spread of second-generation HTSC tapes (CC- tape from coated conductors) allows the use of stacks of CC-tapes as an alternative to bulk superconductors, particularly in levitation systems. The paper presents the results of research of CC-tapes of various manufacturers - SuNAM, THEVA and SuperOx. The tapes were cut into square 12 mm × 12 mm fragments and stacked in stacks, the number of tapes varying from 10 to 100. The measured dependences of the levitation force on the distance between the magnet and the stack have similar patterns for tapes of all manufacturers - the force of interaction increases with increasing thickness of stacks. However, the influence of the thickness of the stack on the levitation force for different CC-tapes is of a different nature.
Influence of synthesis conditions on the crystal and local structures of WO3 powders
Authors: Popov V V , Menushenkov A P , Pisarev A A , Berdnikova M M , Zubavichus Ya V , Svetogorov R D , Shchetinin I V , Zheleznyi M V , Tsarenko N A , Arzhatkina L A , Yastrebtsev A A , Gaynanov B R , Ponkratov K V
Published: June 2019

Influence of synthesis conditions on the crystal and local structures of WO3 powders prepared by thermal decomposition of ammonium paratungstate and precipitation of tungstates aqueous solutions in strong acid conditions has been investigated. Combination of X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, IR- and Raman-spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy was used. The calcination of all initial compounds at temperatures ≥ 500°C led to formation of the monoclinic γ-WO3 single phase. It was concluded that the neutral octahedral complex [W=0(0H)4(H20)] can be a structural unit of the precursors prepared in acidic suspensions. The local structure of synthesized tungsten oxides consists of edge-shared and corner-shared distorted octahedral WO6 species linked together.
Spectroscopic methods of investigation and the thermal stability of detonation nanodiamonds
Authors: Efremov V P , Zakatilova E I
Published: June 2019

The behavior of detonation nano- and microdiamonds at increased temperatures is studied by synchronous thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The X-ray analysis of survived samples shows that a part of the nanodiamond is stable under heating to 1500°C. At the heating to 600°C, we see the decreasing of nanodiamond phase. Appearance of graphite phase isn’t observed in the sample up to 1500°C. However, in the range Bragg angle 20-32° after heating to 1500°C, the x-ray amorphous graphite-like phase is observed. The analysis of microphotographs of samples before and after heating showed the influence of heating rate on the parameters of powder particles. A high thermal stability of detonation microdiamonds (above 1500°C) is established. Literature data on the radiation stability of diamond are analyzed. It is established that the character of the diamond damage depends on the type and dose of the irradiation.
Influence of antidots on the critical current density of HTSC in a magnetic field
Authors: Moroz A N , Maksimova A N , Kashurnikov V A , Rudnev I A
Published: June 2019

By using the Monte Carlo method, a numerical study has been conducted to calculate the current-voltage characteristics of a high-temperature superconductor with intrinsic pinning sites and the additional ones in the form of antidots in different magnetic fields. Varioustypes of antidot distribution among the sample such as a random distribution, triangular and square lattice and their conformal transformations, have been considered. Descending critical current density dependencies on the magnetic field for different samples have been acquired. Averaged vortex configurations of samples for different antidot distributions at the same magnetic field and transport current have been acquired. The most effective antidot distribution has been determined.
The engraftment dynamics evaluation of skin grafts via aluminium phthalocyanine nanoparticles using spectroscopic methods
Authors: Farrakhova D S , Makarov V I , Loschenov V B
Published: June 2019

The research and comparison of spectroscopic methods for assessment of skin grafts engraftment/rejection after the back cross skin transplantation of laboratory mice were carried out. The spectral analysis was performed via inflammatory reaction evaluation of the studied area. The inflammatory reaction intensity correlates with the fluorescence intensity of the aluminum phthalocyanine nanoparticles. The photodynamic therapy was carried out to improve the skin engraftment and reduce the inflammatory reaction.
Iterants and the Dirac Equation
Authors: Kauffman Louis H.
Published: June 2019

This paper introduces the concept of iterant algebra and applies it to the formation of basic Clifford algebras including a reconstruction of the complex numbers in terms of a formalization of temporal process. Iterant algebra is shown to include all of matrix algebra and applications are given to a representation of the su(3) Lie algebra for the Standard Model and to the construction of the Dirac Equation. This construction of the Dirac Equation makes it clear how solutions arise from nilpotent elements in the Clifford algebra and how Fermion algebra and the algebra of Majorana Fermions emerges in this context. The paper ends with a formulation of the original Majorana Dirac Equation in terms of Clifford algebra in the context of iterants.
Calculating the redshifts of distant galaxies from first principles by the new tired light theory (NTL)
Authors: Ashmore Lyndon E
Published: June 2019

Contrary to popular belief it now appears that the intergalactic medium is filled electrons oscillating about fixed positions in a BCC Wigner crystal lattice. In NTL the photons of light are absorbed and re-emitted by these electrons which recoil leading to a photon energy loss and an increase in wavelength ie redshift. Since the electrons are spatially coherent, the photons will continue in a straight line and images will not ‘blur.’ FRB 121102 is a repeating FRB of known DM along with the distance and redshift of the host galaxy and enables us to test the NTL theory. The DM and distance give a mean electron number density of the IGM as n ≈ 0.498 m
–3 and we use this along with the distance to predict a value for the redshift of the host galaxy from first principles of z = 0.143 and a Hubble constant of H
0 = 64 km/s per Mpc This compares well with the measured value of 0.19273 and the optically measured H
0 = 72 ± 8 km/s per Mpc In NTL, the energy transferred to the recoiling electron is re-emitted as a secondary photons which form the CMBR and it is shown that a UV photon of wavelength λ = 5×10−8
m gives out a secondary photon of wavelength 2.06×10–3
m which is not only in the microwave region but is the wavelength at which the CMBR peaks. A review of the evidence once said to support expansion is carried out and it is seen that this evidence now either supports a static universe or is not as robust as once thought. Indeed, many of the SNe Ia’s used to show ‘time dilation’ have since failed ‘usability’ test and are no longer listed in the SNe Ia catalogue.
Introduction to cognitive action theory
Authors: Baer Wolfgang
Published: June 2019

Incorporating a conscious 1st person observer in scientific theories has been hampered by the lack of physically viable mind/body models. I will present a Cognitive Action Theory (CAT) model of an integrated mind/body system and identify the process of creating conscious experience as the basic building block of reality. This building block is a cyclic process in time, connecting the 1st-person experience with its 3rd-person physical models so that conscious phenomena are possible. We therefore propose a fundamental shift to consider what we do to be conscious as an a-priory activity that must be happening for us to be able to ask the question, “How can conscious beings exist in our physical world?” This activity contains both qualia and an explanation to produce what Archibald Wheeler described as a self measuring explanatory cycle. At this level of definition such a cycle of activity can accommodate any belief system defining physical reality as an explanation for personal experience and therefore provides a framework which accommodates most scientific and spiritual traditions. However visualizing abstract activity as the motion of masses and charges that together compose matter allows us to couple what we do to the formalism of classic physics thus describing a Reality of interacting events. Such a theory integrates the subjective and objective aspect of our experience in a single physical framework, reducing to the linear quantum formalism when the motions involved are small enough to be reversible.
Quantum hyper-computing by means of evanescent photons
Authors: Caligiuri Luigi Maxmilian , Musha Takaaki
Published: June 2019

Nowadays quantum computation is probably considered as the most promising way to achieve superfast calculation performances to be implemented in the next generation of hyper-computers. Nevertheless, the realization of an hypercomputer, namely a system able to perform countable infinite computational steps within a finite time, is usually considered not allowed due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle that limits the energy required by such steps. This limitation affects quantum algorithms as well as conventional computation. In this paper we show it is possible to bypass such limitation by considering a quantum system making use of evanescent photons produced by some physical processes such, for example, that occurring inside optical components made of metamaterials. This proposal opens very interesting prospects towards a deeper understanding of quantum information and computation as well as to the realization of an actual hypercomputer system and its applications to frontier fields such as Artificial Intelligence.
Reanalysis of the Michelson’s interferometric experiment in relation to the two swimmers problem
Authors: Has Ioan , Miclaus Simona , Has Aurelian
Published: June 2019

Theoretical basis of Michelson’s interferometer experiment is reanalyzed. Initially we reanalyzed the illustrative model, represented by two swimmers race traversing a river which revealed that the correct transversal trajectory is not an isosceles triangle, but a right triangle and the race ends in a tie. Also, in the interferometer device, the transversal double light path, considering the ether presence and classical geometrical optics together with Huygens principle of light, we found to be too a right triangle instead isosceles one considered by Michelson, which thus is an error. But this new path necessitates zero-time difference, for which fringes displacements are not expected, unlike Michelson’s analysis. So, we found that the light’s double travel times don’t depend on the interferometer arms directions and so the expected by Michelson fringes displacements, must not appear. The above findings are applicable to other similar experiments with ray double travel, including light, lasers, masers, γ-rays, etc. We demonstrated that Michelson’s experiment correct interpretation does not confirm the relativity of the light speed. Consequently, Michelson’s experiment should not be considered negative concerning the presence of ether which must remain the bearer of the E-M phenomena. Consequently, the Special Relativity Theory (SRT) must be reconsidered, based on Lorentz electromagnetic theory from 1895 and the quanta entanglement and E-M field can be physically explained by the ether presence.
Thinking inside the box opens the universe, gravity and cosmology in the light of the SMPP and general relativity
Authors: James Arthur N
Published: June 2019

An experimentalist considers how the Standard Model of Particle Physics (SMPP) defines the real space-time of nature in the light of Einstein’s General Relativity (EGR). In the discussion observation is preferred over mathematics and care is taken not to introduce other ideas which can only be demonstrated by arguments dependent on those ideas. The main conclusion reached is that the universe has a high probability of being open, a conclusion quite different from current fashionable models, denying both dark energy and the need for inflation. Because an inappropriate mathematical procedure has been followed in formulating dark energy models they should be rejected as unsound. A new procedure is proposed which leads to a simple open cosmology for the present era, one of the two eras suggested in a new “Two Era Cosmology” (TEC). Other parts of the discussion throw light on several aspects of gravity which cause confusion in more mathematical treatments. The paper can be thought of as providing the basis of many research proposals which the author is unable to follow through.
Is it time for a new paradigm in physics?
Authors: Klinaku Shukri
Published: June 2019

The fact that the two main pillars of modern Physics are incompatible with each other; the fact that some unsolved problems have accumulated in Physics; and, in particular, the fact that Physics has been invaded by weird concepts (as if we were in the Middle Ages); these facts are quite sufficient to confirm the need for a new paradigm in Physics. But the conclusion that a new paradigm is needed is not sufficient, without an answer to the question: is there sufficient sources and resources to construct a new paradigm in Physics? I consider that the answer to this question is also yes. Today, Physics has sufficient material in experimental facts, theoretical achievements and human and technological potential. So, there is the need and opportunity for a new paradigm in Physics. The core of the new paradigm of Physics would be the nature of matter. According to this new paradigm, Physics should give up on wave-particle dualism, should redefine waves, and should end the mystery about light and its privilege in Physics. The consequences of this would make Physics more understandable, and - more importantly - would make it capable of solving current problems and opening up new perspectives in exploring nature and the universe.
Λ - Toy – Universe model constructed playing with universal constants recognized as fundamental in contemporary physics
Authors: Kostro L
Published: June 2019

Λ - natural units determined by the three Einstein’s constants: c, K and Λ will be introduced. Some of them are used since long time in GR and Relativistic Cosmology e.g. Λ - centrifugal pressure. Since several years the author of the paper try to introduce the whole set of Λ - units They will be called Λ - units because they are determined, for the first time, also by the cosmological constant. Among them there is the Mega Quantum of Λ - Action HΛ
that perhaps can be considered as quantization parameter in mega scale: On the occasion of the introduction of Λ - units some human operational ingredients in the technology of creating “natural units” will be stressed out. It will be also indicated that the crucial date in the evolution of our Universe i.e. its expansion acceleration about the 9 billion years after the Big Bang, coincides with the lambda time tΛ
. Since some of Λ-units can be interpreted in de Broglie-like manner it will be asked if there can be introduced a mega scale de Broglie wave mechanics and therefore whether in the Nature there are Λ - mega waves and Λ - mega fluctuations. We can ask also the question whether the unification of the Relativistic Cosmology with QM has to be done rather in the Large Scale (with Mega Heisenberg uncertainty relations) than in the Small Scale. There will be also indicated a possible future mathematical singularity when the percentage of DE will approach 100%.
Presumable applications of cellular automates with strong anticipation in quantum physics
Authors: Makarenko A.
Published: June 2019

The paper discusses the use of models with discrete geometry in field theory problems. Approaches of cellular automata in problems of quantum field theory are considered. The equations of the model of cellular automata are given taking into account the property of strong anticipation (according Daniel M. Dubois) for such objects and the possible consequences in the interpretation of such solutions are discussed. The illustrations of the behavior of such systems and the possible directions of subsequent research are given.
The Terrell-Penrose effect when photographing a sphere at rest with a moving camera
Authors: Matveev V N , Matvejev O V
Published: June 2019

The paper deals with the Terrell-Penrose effect, the component parts of which are the turn of the moving sphere and independence of the form of the sphere, as recorded by a camera, from the speed of motion of the sphere. The present work shows that the independence of the form of the moving sphere from the speed as well as its turn in the photograph are due to the discrepancy between the purpose of the photograph and the choice of the angle of photographing. In examining the Terrell-Penrose effect in this paper preference is given to a reference frame, where the sphere is at rest, whereas the camera (camera obscura) is in motion. With this choice of the reference frame the mentioned optical effects may be accounted for by aberration of light (reflected from the quiescent sphere), which has formed the image on the photoreceptor of the moving camera. In the case of semitransparency of the sphere and the presence of markers at the points of the sphere, which lie on the line of its motion, the Lorentz contraction of the moving sphere would also be revealed by way of photography.
Relativistic effects and emf localization in a unipolar generator
Authors: Matveev V N , Matvejev O V
Published: June 2019

The paper deals with the issue of induced EMF localization in a Faraday’s unipolar generator which is a revolving magnetic disk with its center and periphery connected by a conductor. Attention has also been given to the linear DC generator consisting of a long magnet and a conductor. Functioning as a closed loop, this conductor moves within the magnetic field of the magnet, the ends sliding on its surfaces. It is shown that in a linear unipolar generator the EMF is induced in a conductor irrespective of a reference frame chosen. Reasons are given in favour of the fact that when a magnetic disk is revolving, the EMF is induced in a stationary conductor of a unipolar generator.
Encoding discrete quantum algebras in a hierarchy of binary words
Authors: Raptis T. E.
Published: June 2019

It is shown how to endow a hierarchy of sets of binary patterns with the structure of an abstract, normed C*-algebra. In the course we also recover an intermediate connection with the words of a Dyck language and Tempereley-Lieb algebras for which we also find that an effective arithmetic code is possible albeit of greater complexity. We also discuss possible applications associated with signal theory and waveform engineering on possible ways to embed discrete computational structures in an analog continuum substrate.
Are octonions necessary to the Standard Model?
Authors: Rowlands Peter , Rowlands Sydney
Published: June 2019

There have been a number of claims, going back to the 1970s, that the Standard Model of particle physics, based on fermions and antifermions, might be derived from an octonion algebra. The emergence of SU(3), SU(2) and U(1) groups in octonion-based structures is suggestive of the symmetries of the Standard Model, but octonions themselves are an unsatisfactory model for physical application because they are antiassociative and consequently not a group. Instead, the ‘octonion’ models have to be based on adjoint algebras, such as left - or right-multiplied octonions, which can be seen to have group-like properties. The most promising of these candidates is the complexified left-multiplied octonion algebra, because it reduces, in effect, to Cl(6), which has been identified by one of us (PR) in a number of previous publications as the basic structure for the entire foundation of physics, as well as the algebra required for the Standard Model and the Dirac equation. Though this algebra has long been shown by PR as equivalent to using a complexified left-multiplied or ‘broken’ octonion, it doesn’t need to be derived in this way, as its real origins are in the respective real, complex, quaternion and complexified quaternion algebras of the fundamental parameters of mass, time, charge and space. The ‘broken’ octonion, however, does have value in leading to the higher (and equally broken) symmetries, such as E
8, which incorporate fermions, with their two spin states, along with gauge bosons and vacuum states into a unified scheme.
Causal interpretation of quantum mechanics: The Schrodinger equation as a condition of stability
Authors: Sotina Nina
Published: June 2019

This work presents a further development of causal interpretation of quantum mechanics. Existence of ‘non-local hidden variables’ like a physical field is taken as an assumption. Under this assumption, on the basis of the causal approach it is proven that Schrödinger equation is a necessary condition for stability of the motion of a particle. For the case of a hydrogen atom this approach gives a mathematical base with which to suggest that (1) the electron’s spin in an atom is precessing; (2) the energy of the precessional motion on Bohr orbits satisfies the Rydberg formula, and (3) structures are formed in the physical vacuum which stabilize the motion of an electron on Bohr orbits.
Structural wave-packet tessellation of the periodic table and atomic constitution in real R3 × SO(3) configuration space
Authors: Trell E , Akpojotor G , Edeagu S , Animalu A
Published: June 2019

We describe a structural wave-packet layout in real solid state R3×SO(3) configuration space of the SU(3) Lie algebra. Its infinitesimal ‘straight line of length equaling zero’ partial derivative root vectors hybridize with the parallelepiped outline of the R3 frame into a cyclically expanding isometric vector matrix organization of a continuous one octahedron/two tetrahedrons helical trajectory of SO(3) symmetry. Thus enclosed by its dual scaffold it faithfully outlines the atomic constitution and the periodic table when following the systematic close-packing of its Euclidean space chaperon.
The Eötvös experiment, GTR, and differing gravitational and inertial masses Proposition for a crucial test of metric theories
Authors: Yarman T. , Kholmetskii A.L. , Marchal C. , Yarman O. , Arik M.
Published: June 2019

The Eötvös experiment has been taken as basis for metric theories of gravity and particularly for the general theory of relativity (GTR), which assumes that gravitational and inertial masses are identical. We highlight the fact that, unlike the long lasting and reigning belief, the setup by Eötvös experiments and its follow-ups serve to demonstrate no more than a mere linear proportionality between said masses, and not ineludibly their exclusive equality. So much so that, as one distinct framework, Yarman–Arik–Kholmetskii (YARK) gravitation theory, where a purely metric approach is not aimed, makes the identity between inertial and gravitational masses no longer imperative while still remaining in full conformance with the result of the Eötvös experiment, as well as that of free fall experiments. It is further shown that Eötvös experiment deprives us of any knowledge concerning the determination of the proportionality coefficient coming into play. Henceforward, the Eötvös experiment and its follow-ups cannot be taken as a rigorous foundation for GTR. In this respect, we suggest a crucial test of the equality of gravitational and inertial masses via the comparison of the oscillation periods of two pendulums with different arm lengths, where the deviation of the predictions by GTR and by YARK theory represents a measurable value.
DOZ047.02: Effect of prokinetics on gastric function in children with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA-TEF)
Authors: Birro S , Kelly S , Omari T , Krishnan U
Published: June 2019

Background

To the aim of this study was to determine the effect of domperidone on gastric function in the EA-TEF cohort.

Methods

Five participants with previously demonstrated abnormal gastric myoelectrical activity and/or delayed gastric emptying on electrogastrography (EGG) and 13C-octanoic acid breath test (OBT), respectively, were recruited. These participants were treated with domperidone (0.2 mg/kg/dose twice a day), for a minimum of 2 weeks, and EGG and OBT investigations were repeated along with a validated PedsQL gastrointestinal symptom questionnaire. A baseline and follow-up ECG was done to check for potential QT interval prolongation.

Results

Mean gastric emptying half-time was135.4 minutes off therapy and 277.01 minutes on therapy (p = NS) while the mean gastric emptying coefficients were 3.34 and 3.25, respectively (p = NS). All five participants’ gastric myoelectrical activity on EGG remained abnormal. Although the mean percentage of gastric slow waves spent in normal frequency decreased by 1.65%, the post- prandial-to-resting power ratio increased by 8.452 (p = NS). Both parent- and child-reported overall PedsQL scores increased as did the child-reported PedsQL scores based on symptoms related to gastric function (p = NS).

Conclusions

Domperidone in standard doses did not result in significant change in gastric emptying in EA-TEF children with delayed gastric emptying. This may be due to abnormalities in gastric innervation, in children with EA-TEF. There was however an improvement in the power ratio on EGG. There was also improvement in the PedsQL scores. The lack of statistical significance may be due to our small sample size.
DOZ047.05: The flip side of the coin
Authors: de Vos C , de Vos W , Sidler D
Published: June 2019

Background

Being two medical doctors (family practitioner and pediatric surgeon) with a son born with a rare type of esophageal atresia we felt the need to explore the nonmedical side of this disease.

Aim

The aim of this study was to emphasize the role of emotional support for parents with children born with all types of esophageal atresia and to realize the importance of the nonsurgical side—the flip side of the coin, to explore the need for support not only for the patient but also the family.

Literature Review and Personal Experience

The epidemiology, surgical management, and biological outcome of esophageal atresia with/without trachea-esophageal fistula are well known. The softer, more humane side of this condition, the flipside of the coin, being the cause of PTSD children with OA (mothers > fathers).2 Severe anxiety also seems to be present in some of these parents. A meta-analysis done in 2013 concluded that psychological morbidity associated with esophageal atresia has important implications for clinical practise3; namely, if psychological support is being offered to parents during the neonatal period and continues as part of the long-term follow-up for both parents and the patients, the overall outcome is improved and the biopsychosocial morbidity of the parents decreases. Personal experience has taught us that a good support system is a critical part of a child's clinical treatment plan. Parents need good emotional support in order to be there for their child when he or she needs them.

Conclusion

Surgeons look at diseases from a technical point of view. They ask how they can surgically fix the problem and improve the patient's quality of life. They often forget the other side that parents need emotional support, someone to be there for them and to listen to their experience in hospital and at home. The family as another patient needs to be treated and included in the overall treatment plan if the intention is to improve the quality of life for both the patients and their families. There is a need to develop a multidisciplinary support system in South Africa to aid patients born with OA and their caring families. This includes the entire family and is not limited to the mothers but also includes fathers and other siblings often overlooked.
DOZ047.100: Impact of fundoplication on pH-MII tracings in pediatric patients with esophageal atresia
Authors: Busoni V , Sabban J C , Lobos P , Ursino F , Urquizo M , De la Iglesia P , Orsi M
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common long-term complication in esophageal atresia (EA) patients. Fundoplication in EA is controversial but may be an option in those with maximum GER therapy failure, acute life-threatening event, failure to thrive, persistent esophagitis, and recurrent anastomotic stenosis.

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare GERD characteristics according pH-MII parameters in EA patients with and without fundoplication.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective review of pH-MII tracings performed at a Gastroenterology Unit between 2011 and 2018 was carried out. Inclusion criteria were children under 18 years with history of EA, with and without fundoplication, with both pH-MII and endoscopy performed, histology of esophageal biopsies, and off antireflux medications at the moment of examination. GER therapy failure was the indication for surgery. The total number of reflux episodes (acid, nonacidic), bolus and acid clearance time (ACT), and baseline values in distal channels (5–6) were evaluated. Group 1 (G1): patients with EA and fundoplication. Group 2 (G2): patients with EA without fundoplication. T-test was performed to compare results between G1 and G2.

Results

Fifteen tracings in EA patients were evaluated. Out of 15, 8 (53%) underwent fundoplication (G1), median age 7.4 years, 87.5% EA type C, 12.5% type A (long gap). Esophagitis was observed in 100% postfundoplication: 2 macroscopic, 1 eosinophilic, 5 microscopic esophagitis. Out of 15, 7 (47%) were EA without fundoplication (G2), median age 3.25 years, 57% EA type C, 43% type A–B. Esophagitis was observed in 85% in G2, all of them microscopic. No statistical differences were observed in pH-MII parameters between both groups. Number of refluxes, ACT, and distal channels (ch-6) were pathological in both groups. Nevertheless better acid clearance and more mucosal damage were observed in G1.

Conclusion

In this pediatric series of EA patients, pH-MII data show persistence of GERD even postfundoplication. This observation could be due to severe esophageal dismotility. Even asymptomatic EA patients should undergo monitoring of GER with pH-MII and endoscopy.
DOZ047.103: Learning curve and long-term outcomes for jejunal replacement of the esophagus: a single-center experience in the pediatric population
Authors: Svetanoff W J , Zendejas B , Bairdain S , Hernandez K , Davidson K , Hamilton T E , Ngo P , Manfredi M , Smithers C J , Jennings R W
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Patients with complex esophageal atresia (EA) may require replacement; jejunal interposition is an option that is uncommon in children. This study aimed to identify the procedural learning curve and outcomes of patients undergoing jejunal interposition.

Methods

In a retrospective analysis, patients were divided into those who had surgery between 2010 and 2015 (incipient cohort–previously reported) and those who underwent surgery between 2016 and 2018 (contemporary cohort). Outcomes included length of paralysis (LOP), time to extubation, length of stay (LOS), and complication rate. Current feeding status and time to full oral intake were recorded. Mann–Whitney U and Fisher's exact tests were used for analysis.

Results

The cohort included 13 in the incipient group and 40 in the contemporary group. LOP (5.33 vs 1.88 days, P = 0.002), time to extubation (9.50 vs 6.34 days, P = 0.05), ICU stay (54 vs 12.65 days, P = 0.04), and LOS (86.77 vs 32.90 days, P = 0.003) were shorter in the contemporary cohort. The complication rate was similar between the incipient and contemporary cohorts, respectively (69.23% vs 50%, P = 0.231). Fourteen patients (incipient–6, contemporary–8) reached full oral intake by a median follow-up of 6.35 months (0.36–26.63 months); another 23 have consistent oral intake but require some use of a feeding tube. All can handle secretions. Patients who had oral intake preoperatively, even with an esophagostomy, were more likely to be eating all consistencies postoperatively (67.74% vs 27.30%, P = 0.004).

Conclusion

As our experience has improved, LOP, intubation time, and LOS have decreased. Preoperative oral intake, even if sham feeding, was a significant determinant for consistent oral intake postoperatively.
DOZ047.104: The impact of uncontrolled gastroesophageal reflux on airway pathology
Authors: Ida J B , Lavin J M , Valika T S , Green A D , Zak S M , Thompson D M
Published: June 2019

Introduction

The link between airway pathology and gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) has long been presumed critical to pediatric airway health. Recent studies have found no definitive correlation between the two. However, aerodigestive practitioners continue to identify GERD-related pathology as part of the workup for complex pediatric airway obstruction.

Results

This work presents a series of cases of airway obstruction with aerodigestive workup and GERD interventions that demonstrate the critical involvement of GERD in airway pathology. Each patient demonstrated either unusual patterns of airway injury with uncontrolled reflux on pH-impedance testing, or had resolution of airway pathology with definitive medical or surgical GERD management.

Conclusions

GERD can affect the airway significantly, resulting in airway inflammation, injury, and postoperative scarring. Aerodigestive programs must maintain their awareness of the detrimental effects of GERD on the airway. Better studies regarding GERD and airway injury are necessary to understand at-risk populations and optimal treatment strategies.