bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ongoing Refinement and Innovation in the Data Collection Protocols of the Third Round of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project
Authors: O’Doherty Katie , Lawrence Daniel , Wiencrot Anna , Walsh Sara , Satorius Jennifer , Burgess Erin , Sedlak Lauren , Koepp Kriston , Smith Stephen
Published: October 2021

Objectives

The third round (R3) of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a nationally representative, longitudinal survey of community-residing older adults, consisted of 4,777 in-person interviews and 6,100 completed visits to households to identify newly eligible respondents. It revisited respondents from the first rounds (Cohort 1), born in the years 1920 through 1947, and added new respondents (Cohort 2) born in the years 1948 through 1965. Coresidential romantic partners of both cohorts were also eligible. Data collection included in-person questionnaires, up to 11 biomeasures, and a self-administered, postinterview paper questionnaire.

Methods

Questionnaire domains included social network and social support, elder mistreatment, physical health, cognitive function, romantic partners and sexuality, fertility and menopause, mental health, and employment and finances. Biomeasure collection included height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure and heart rate, timed walk, balance, chair stands, smell, saliva passive drool in a tube (cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone), dried blood spots (C-reactive protein, Epstein–Barr virus antibodies, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c], total cholesterol), and accelerometry (sleep patterns and physical activity). A brief questionnaire also collected data on respondents who were deceased or in too poor health to participate.

Results

Measures such as response and cooperation rates are provided to evaluate the design and implementation.

Discussion

This article describes innovation in the development and implementation of R3, the recruitment of a new cohort of respondents, and fidelity to prior rounds’ study design and data collection procedures.
Caenorhabditis elegans provides an efficient drug screening platform for GNAO1-related disorders and highlights the potential role of caffeine in controlling dyskinesia
Authors: Di Rocco Martina , Galosi Serena , Lanza Enrico , Tosato Federica , Caprini Davide , Folli Viola , Friedman Jennifer , Bocchinfuso Gianfranco , Martire Alberto , Di Schiavi Elia , Leuzzi Vincenzo , Martinelli Simone
Published: October 2021

Dominant GNAO1 mutations cause an emerging group of childhood-onset neurological disorders characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, movement disorders, drug-resistant seizures and neurological deterioration. GNAO1 encodes the α-subunit of an inhibitory GTP/GDP-binding protein regulating ion channel activity and neurotransmitter release. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying GNAO1-related disorders remain largely elusive and there are no effective therapies. Here, we assessed the functional impact of two disease-causing variants associated with distinct clinical features, c.139A > G (p.S47G) and c.662C > A (p.A221D), using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. The c.139A > G change was introduced into the orthologous position of the C. elegans gene via CRISPR/Cas9, whereas a knock-in strain carrying the p.A221D variant was already available. Like null mutants, homozygous knock-in animals showed increased egg laying and were hypersensitive to aldicarb, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, suggesting excessive neurotransmitter release by different classes of motor neurons. Automated analysis of C. elegans locomotion indicated that goa-1 mutants move faster than control animals, with more frequent body bends and a higher reversal rate and display uncoordinated locomotion. Phenotypic profiling of heterozygous animals revealed a strong hypomorphic effect of both variants, with a partial dominant-negative activity for the p.A221D allele. Finally, caffeine was shown to rescue aberrant motor function in C. elegans harboring the goa-1 variants; this effect is mainly exerted through adenosine receptor antagonism. Overall, our findings establish a suitable platform for drug discovery, which may assist in accelerating the development of new therapies for this devastating condition, and highlight the potential role of caffeine in controlling GNAO1-related dyskinesia.
Impact of pretransplant left ventricular assist device support duration on outcome after heart transplantation
Authors: Immohr Moritz Benjamin , Aubin Hug , Erbel-Khurtsidze Sophiko , Dalyanoglu Hannan , Bruno Raphael Romano , Westenfeld Ralf , Tudorache Igor , Akhyari Payam , Boeken Udo , Lichtenberg Artur
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVES

Heart transplantation after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation remains challenging. It is still unclear whether its support duration impacts the outcome after transplantation.

METHODS

All patients undergoing heart transplantation between 2010 and 2021 at a single department after previous left ventricular assistance were retrospectively reviewed and divided into 4 different study groups with regard to the duration of LVAD support to examine the impact on the postoperative morbidity and mortality.

RESULTS

A total of n = 198 patients were included and assigned to the 4 study groups (group 1: <90 days, n = 14; group 2: 90 days to 1 year, n = 31; group 3: 1–2 years, n = 29; group 4: >2 years, n = 24). Although there were no differences between the 4 groups concerning relevant mismatch between the recipients and donors, the incidence of primary graft dysfunction was numerically increased in patients with the shortest support duration, and also those patients with >1 year of support (group 1: 35.7%, group 2: 25.8%, group 3: 41.4%, group 4: 37.5%, P = 0.63). The incidence of acute graft rejection was by trend increased in patients of group 1 (group 1: 28.6%, group 2: 3.3%, group 3: 7.1%, group 4: 12.5%, P = 0.06). Duration of LVAD support did not impact on perioperative adverse events (infections, P = 0.79; acute kidney injury, P = 0.85; neurological events, P = 0.74; thoracic bleeding, P = 0.61), neither on postoperative survival (1-year survival: group 1: 78.6%, group 2: 66.7%, group 3: 80.0%, group 4: 72.7%, P = 0.74).

CONCLUSION

We cannot identify a significant impact of the duration of pretransplant LVAD support on postoperative outcome; therefore, we cannot recommend a certain timeframe for transplantation of LVAD patients.
Meaningful Engagement from the Bottom-Up? Taking Stock of Participation in Transitional Justice Processes
Authors: Firchow Pamina , Selim Yvette
Published: October 2021

This article surveys the literature on participation in transitional justice (TJ) focusing primarily on victims and bottom-up actors. We argue that often the preoccupation in TJ has been with greater rather than more meaningful participation, and that there needs to be a concerted effort to focus on everyday actors, including their voices, needs and priorities. Consideration also needs to be given as to whether meaningful participation can occur without genuine obligation and commitment to heeding participants’ input, and greater consideration is required to measure and build an evidence-base regarding participatory TJ efforts and their outcomes. We advocate for further discussion in theory and in practice about how participation in TJ can be reimagined toward actor oriented, bottom-up led processes that lead to meaningful outcomes. We suggest that TJ specific participation considerations are required and refer to existing theoretical considerations and models from other disciplines and sectors as helpful departure points.
Use of clinical data to augment healthcare worker contact tracing during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hong Peter , Herigon Joshua C , Uptegraft Colby , Samuel Bassem , Brown D Levin , Bickel Jonathan , Hron Jonathan D
Published: October 2021

Objective

This work examined the secondary use of clinical data from the electronic health record (EHR) for screening our healthcare worker (HCW) population for potential exposures to patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Materials and Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study at a free-standing, quaternary care pediatric hospital comparing first-degree, patient-HCW pairs identified by the hospital’s COVID-19 contact tracing team (CTT) to those identified using EHR clinical event data (EHR Report). The primary outcome was the number of patient-HCW pairs detected by each process.

Results

Among 233 patients with COVID-19, our EHR Report identified 4116 patient-HCW pairs, including 2365 (30.0%) of the 7890 pairs detected by the CTT. The EHR Report also revealed 1751 pairs not identified by the CTT. The highest number of patient-HCW pairs per patient was detected in the inpatient care venue. Nurses comprised the most frequently identified HCW role overall.

Conclusions

Automated methods to screen HCWs for potential exposures to patients with COVID-19 using clinical event data from the EHR (1) are likely to improve epidemiological surveillance by contact tracing programs and (2) represent a viable and readily available strategy that should be considered by other institutions.
Ultrasonic-Assisted Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction Combined with Macroporous Resin Enrichment of Lignans from Flaxseed Meal and Their Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Zhang Zhizhou , Zhang Yongchao , Wu Yichao , Xu Yongxiang , Jiang Yuanyuan , Zhang Yunsong , Wang Long , Zhang Li
Published: October 2021

Background

Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is a natural antioxidant generally extracted from flaxseed, which is one of the most important oil crops in China, the by-product of the flaxseed oil, i.e., flaxseed meal still contains a lot of lignans. However, flaxseed meal is generally treated as waste, resulting in a huge waste of resources.

Objective

To establish an efficient and convenient method for extraction and purification of lignans from flaxseed meal.

Methods

First, we used response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the extraction conditions of the ultrasonic-assisted (UA) aqueous two-phase system (ATPS), and we obtained the purified extracts by macroporous resin purification (MRP). Second, the antioxidant ability of the extracts was studied in vitro.

Results

The best extraction conditions obtained were as follows: 9.0% (w/w) sodium hydroxide; 30.0% (w/w) isopropanol; extraction time, 39 min; liquid-to-solid ratio, 52.0 mL/g; ultrasonic wave, 560 W; and extraction temperature, 40°C. Under the optimal conditions, the purity of crude extracts (SDG-APTS-C) reached 21.5%. The desorption conditions of MRP were as follows: eluting 3 BV with ultrapure water, and then eluting with 25% ethanol at 2 BV (bed volume)/h to collect eluents. The purified extracts (SDG-ATPS-P) had a purity quotient of 73.9%, which was 52.4% higher than that of SDG-ATPS-C. Additionally, experiments conducted revealed that SDG-ATPS-C and SDG-ATPS-P could effectively remove DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS （2,-Azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate）, and hydroxyl free radicals in vitro.

Conclusions

The method was validated for extracting SDG from flaxseed meal, thus achieving the reuse of flaxseed meal.

Highlights

This research provides some references for the application of UAATPS combined with MRP in natural products.
How a trematode parasite (MicrophallusWard, 1901) impacts the grazing behavior of an aquatic keystone species, the rusty crayfishFaxonius rusticusGirard, 1852 (Decapoda: Decapoda: Astacidea: Cambaridae)
Authors: MacKay Rebecca Noel , Moore Paul A
Published: October 2021

Parasites can alter a wide range of host behaviors resulting in changes in organismal interactions and ecosystem processes. One of the most important behaviors that controls food web dynamics is herbivore grazing because an alteration in grazing behavior leads to changes in trophic dynamics and ecosystem processes by changing the abundance and diversity of primary producers. To test whether parasite load can alter host grazing levels and choices, feeding trials were conducted using the keystone species, the rusty crayfish Faxonius rusticus (Girard, 1852), grazing on a selection of macrophyte species. The rusty crayfish is a keystone species because its grazing significantly alters the abundance of macrophytes in freshwater ecosystems. We used a total of 165 wild-caught, naturally-infected crayfish individuals with a wide range of parasite loads by species of the digenetic trematode Microphallus Ward, 1901. Crayfish were presented with 1 g each of the macrophytes Elodea canadensis (Michaux), Ceratophyllum demersum (L), Chara sp., and Potamogeton richardsonii (A. Benn.) in a 23-hr foraging assay. Subsequently, crayfish were dissected, and parasite loads were calculated. Mixed models were then utilized to determine how parasite load affected consumption. As infection of Microphallus increased in the crayfish hepatopancreas, consumption of all four macrophytes significantly decreased. Melanization of Microphallus spp. within the hepatopancreas, the immune response to. infection, did not significantly reduce crayfish macrophyte consumption. These results indicate that macrophyte consumption in the crayfish was affected by Microphallus. This impact on crayfish grazing could alter macrophyte abundances in aquatic ecosystems. Because of the many ecosystem functions macrophytes play, an alteration in their abundances could lead to community-level ramifications by impacting nutrient flow and organismal abundances in aquatic ecosystems.
Multiple Mechanisms Conferring Broad-Spectrum Insecticide Resistance in the Tropical Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)
Authors: Dang Kai , Doggett Stephen L , Leong Xin-Yeng , Veera Singham G , Lee Chow-Yang
Published: October 2021

The modern resurgence of the common (Cimex lectularius L.) and tropical bed bugs (C. hemipterus [F.]) is thought to be primarily due to insecticide resistance. While there are many reports on insecticide resistance mechanisms in C. lectularius, such information in C. hemipterus is limited. We examined dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), malathion, deltamethrin, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin resistance, and the underlying mechanisms in several C. hemipterus strains (Australia: Queensland [QLD-AU]; Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur [KL-MY], Tanjung Tokong [TT-MY], Christian [CH-MY], and Green Lane [GL-MY]). We used a surface contact method, synergism studies (utilizing piperonyl butoxide [PBO], S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate [DEF], and diethyl maleate [DEM]), and molecular detection of kdr mutations. Results demonstrated that all C. hemipterus strains possessed high resistance to DDT and the pyrethroids and moderate to high resistance to malathion. Synergism studies showed that deltamethrin resistance in all strains was significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by PBO. In contrast, deltamethrin resistance was not affected in DEF or DEM. Similar findings were found with lambda-cyhalothrin resistance. Malathion resistance was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by DEF in all strains. Resistance to DDT was not affected by DEM in all strains. Multiple kdr mutations (M918I, D953G, and L1014F) were detected by molecular analyses. TT-MY strain was found with individuals possessing three kdr mutation combinations; D953G + L1014F (homozygous susceptible: M918), M918I + D953G + L1014F (heterozygous resistant: I918), and M918I + D953G + L1014F (homozygous resistant: I918). Individuals with M918I + D953G + L1014F (homozygous resistant: I918) survived longer on deltamethrin (>12 h) than those (≤1 h) with other combinations. M918I + L1014F mutations most likely conferred super-kdr characteristic toward pyrethroids and DDT in C. hemipterus.
Born Under a Bad Sign
Authors: Peterke Sven , Vasconcelos Carlos
Published: October 2021

Rio de Janeiro’s ‘war on drugs’ is notorious for its outrageous violence in the metropolis’ poorest neighbourhoods, the ‘favelas’, which are home to over a million people. Many of these favelas are under the rule of heavily armed drug gangs whose social and territorial control is only sporadically challenged by the state. The local government has increasingly opted for so-called ’incursions’ into these dangerous places, i.e., raid-like operations by special police units to arrest criminal suspects and confiscate weapons and illegal narcotic drugs. Whenever possible, these units are protected by armoured vehicles and ironclad helicopters with snipers on board. Routinely, this ‘war approach’ results in the use of lethal force and other traumatic incidents. More than once, Brazil has been internationally condemned for serious human rights violations in this particular context. Meanwhile, alarming references suggest that arbitrary killings and other inhumane acts have recently become widespread or even systematic, raising the question of whether there is a reasonable basis to believe that crimes against humanity have been committed. This article examines the crime’s contextual elements by focussing on the period of Federal Intervention into public security matters within the jurisdiction of the state of Rio de Janeiro (16 February 2018–31 December 2018).
Pooled procurement programme: efficiency and challenges in medicinal health care – perspectives from National Catholic Health Service in Ghana
Authors: Domfeh Kofi Ameyaw
Published: October 2021

Objective

This article explores the efficiency and the challenges of the pooled procurement programme (PPP) among National Catholic Health Service (NCHS) members using the stakeholder theory.

Method

This article used the qualitative research approach relying on a multiple case study design to conduct 20 in-depth interviews with respondents working within the health facilities and the secretariat of the NCHS.

Key findings

This article established that the PPP improved accessibility, quality, availability and ensured solidarity between the health facilities within the NCHS. This ensured efficient PPP management in the health facilities. Although a 30% reduction in the average cost of medicines was achieved in the first 3 years of the programme’s inception, prompt payment of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) could further drive down costs of medicines. Notwithstanding, there were other teething challenges such as inadequate consultation between the health facilities and the secretariat, inadequate physical structures, poor internet accessibility and inadequate coverage of the PPP.

Conclusion

The article contributes to medicine health services research literature in the context of using the PPP in Ghana in procuring medicines. This article suggests that monitoring and evaluation of the procurement procedures in the health facilities are critical in guaranteeing compliance with the pooled procurement guidelines by participating healthcare providers.
Analysis of whole-blood antioxidant capacity after chronic and localized irradiation using the i-STrap method
Authors: Sun Lue , Inaba Yohei , Sogo Yu , Morikawa Kumi , Kunugita Naoki , Chida Koichi , Moritake Takashi
Published: October 2021

Ionizing radiation exposure affects the redox state in vivo. Recently, whole-blood antioxidant capacity (WBAC) has been reported to decrease in a dose-dependent manner after acute total body irradiation (TBI). However, changes in WBAC after localized and chronic irradiations have not been reported. This study analyzed changes to WBAC in mice after either localized irradiation (irradiation of the left hind leg only) or chronic TBI using the i-STrap method. Leg-localized irradiation exerted limited effects on WBAC, while WBAC decreased in a dose rate-dependent manner after TBI. Further, the WBAC reached the minimum value in a shorter period at a smaller dose rate. Our results suggest that changes in WBAC do not directly reflect absorbed dose, but may reflect radiation-induced biological damage at the systemic level. This study will contribute to the understanding of radiation-induced injuries and diseases, and will facilitate the establishment of biomarkers for radiation exposure.
Living with a giant inguinoscrotal hernia for 35 years—a case report
Authors: Khatiwada Pradeep , Devkota Amrit , Panthi Sagar , Manandhar Srista , Sharma Dipendra , Chhetri Sunit , Ranabhat Chet Bahadur , Shah Suresh , Khanal Bhawani
Published: October 2021

In this modern era, giant inguinoscrotal hernias are very rare to experience in a medical career. We discuss a case of a 65-year-old man with a history of an inguinoscrotal hernia with progressive growth for the past 35 years. On examination, he had a 20 cm × 15 cm non-reducible swelling with multiple ulcers over the skin surface extending to the mid-thigh with otherwise no other bladder and bowel complications. These large hernias pose a different set of surgical problems. Open surgery was performed, hernial sac opened, contents reverted and left orchidectomy were done with scrotal reconstruction. The defect was closed with Vicryl 1-0 over the muscle layer and the skin was stapled. Daily wound care was provided. Besides, this case also compels us to explore possible reasons for the occurrence of such potentially dangerous surgical problems in low-to-middle income countries (LMIC).
Ovulation stigma and rupture of ovarian tunica albuginea in a patient with polycystic ovary syndrome (video)
Authors: Alhalabi Nawras , Alhalabi Mohammad Marwan , Alsamawi Sawsan , Alhalabi Marwan
Published: October 2021

A 25-year-old patient was referred to the fertility clinic in our hospital, complaining of primary infertility for 3 years. The patient reported having irregular menses, and physical examination showed clinical hirsutism, while transvaginal ultrasound revealed polycystic ovarian morphology. Hormonal workup showed elevated Anti-Müllerian Hormone (7 ng/ml), and normal levels of prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone. Hysterosalpingogram revealed bilateral obstruction of fallopian tubes. Semen analysis of the husband was within normal limits.
Changing look AGN Mrk 590: broad-line region and black hole mass from photometric reverberation mapping
Authors: Mandal Amit Kumar , Schramm Malte , Rakshit Suvendu , Stalin C S , Vijarnwannaluk Bovornpratch , Rujopakarn Wiphu , Poshyachinda Saran , Kouprianov Vladimir V , Haislip Joshua B , Reichart Daniel E , Sagar Ram , Mathew Blesson
Published: October 2021

We present the results of photometric reverberation mapping observations on the changing look active galactic nucleus Mrk 590 at z = 0.026. The observations were carried out from 2018 July to December using broad-bandB-,R-, and narrow-band H α and S ii filters. The B band traces the continuum emission from the accretion disc, the R band encompasses both the continuum emission from the accretion disc and the redshifted H α line from the broad-line region (BLR), the S ii band contains the redshifted H α emission and the H α band traces the continuum emission underneath the S ii band. All the light curves showed strong variation with a fractional root-mean-square variation of 0.132 ± 0.001 in the B band and 0.321 ± 0.001 in H α line. From cross-correlation function analysis, we obtained a delayed response of H α line emission to the opticalB-band continuum emission of $21.44^{+1.49}_{-2.11}$ d in the rest frame of the source, corresponding to a linear size of the BLR of 0.018 pc. This is consistent with previous estimates using H β. By combining the BLR size with the H α line full width at half-maximum of 6478 ± 240 km s−1 measured from a single-epoch spectrum obtained with the Subaru telescope, we derived a black hole mass of $1.96^{+0.15}_{-0.21}\times 10^8 {\rm M}_{\odot }$.
The horizontal transfer of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 ICE PAPI-1 is controlled by a transcriptional triad between TprA, NdpA2 and MvaT
Authors: Dangla-Pélissier Gauthier , Roux Nicolas , Schmidt Victoria , Chambonnier Gaël , Ba Moly , Sebban-Kreuzer Corinne , de Bentzmann Sophie , Giraud Caroline , Bordi Christophe
Published: October 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of nosocomial infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients or in individuals with cystic fibrosis. Genome sequences reveal that most P. aeruginosa strains contain a significant number of accessory genes gathered in genomic islands. Those genes are essential for P. aeruginosa to invade new ecological niches with high levels of antibiotic usage, like hospitals, or to survive during host infection by providing pathogenicity determinants. P. aeruginosa pathogenicity island 1 (PAPI-1), one of the largest genomic islands, encodes several putative virulence factors, including toxins, biofilm genes and antibiotic-resistance traits. The integrative and conjugative element (ICE) PAPI-1 is horizontally transferable by conjugation via a specialized GI-T4SS, but the mechanism regulating this transfer is currently unknown. Here, we show that this GI-T4SS conjugative machinery is directly induced by TprA, a regulator encoded within PAPI-1. Our data indicate that the nucleotide associated protein NdpA2 acts in synergy with TprA, removing a repressive mechanism exerted by MvaT. In addition, using a transcriptomic approach, we unravelled the regulon controlled by Ndpa2/TprA and showed that they act as major regulators on the genes belonging to PAPI-1. Moreover, TprA and NdpA2 trigger an atypical biofilm structure and enhance ICE PAPI-1 transfer.
Massive data clustering by multi-scale psychological observations
Authors: Yang Shusen , Zhang Liwen , Xu Chen , Yu Hanqiao , Fan Jianqing , Xu Zongben
Published: October 2021

Clustering is the discovery of latent group structure in data and is a fundamental problem in artificial intelligence, and a vital procedure in data-driven scientific research over all disciplines. Yet, existing methods have various limitations, especially weak cognitive interpretability and poor computational scalability, when it comes to clustering massive datasets that are increasingly available in all domains. Here, by simulating the multi-scale cognitive observation process of humans, we design a scalable algorithm to detect clusters hierarchically hidden in massive datasets. The observation scale changes, following the Weber–Fechner law to capture the gradually emerging meaningful grouping structure. We validated our approach in real datasets with up to a billion records and 2000 dimensions, including taxi trajectories, single-cell gene expressions, face images, computer logs and audios. Our approach outperformed popular methods in usability, efficiency, effectiveness and robustness across different domains.
Myositis Caused by Trachipleistophora hominis in a Person With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The First Case in Thailand
Authors: Buppajarntham Aubonphan , Atikankul Taywin , Putaporntip Chaturong , Jongwutiwes Somchai , Suankratay Chusana
Published: October 2021

Background

To date, cases of extraintestinal micro­sporidiosis have been increasingly reported in both otherwise healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Among them, microsporidial myositis is very rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of microsporidial myositis caused by Trachipleistophora hominis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Thailand.

Case report

A Thai man with HIV presented with fever and muscle pain at both anterior thighs and left arm for 3 months. Muscle biopsy was performed, and pathology exhibited neutrophil infiltration and focal aggregations of microsporidial spores. The 18S ribosomal RNA sequence revealed the species of this microsporidium as T hominis, and albendazole of 800mg/day was initiated. He gradually improved, and was discharged home 6 weeks after hospitalization.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of microsporidial myositis caused by Trachipleistophora hominis in a person with HIV in Thailand.
Delayed Injection Site Reaction After mRNA-1273 Vaccination in Japan: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hibino Masaya , Ishihara Takuma , Iwata Mitsunaga , Doi Yohei
Published: October 2021

The incidence of delayed injection site reaction after the first dose of mRNA-1273 vaccine was 12.5% among females and 1.5% among males in a cohort of primarily elderly Japanese. After the second dose, 48.4% of those who could be contacted reported recurrence. The reaction may be relatively common among Asian females.
Galliform exclusion from the Migratory Bird Treaty Act has produced an alternate conservation path, but no evidence for differences in population status
Authors: Blomberg Erik J , Ross Beth E , Cardinal Casey J , Ellis-Felege Susan N , Gibson Daniel , Monroe Adrian P , Schwalenberg Patricia K
Published: October 2021

The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) is critical to avian conservation in the United States, both through its protection of migratory birds and as a catalyst for a century of coordinated avian conservation. While more than 1,000 species are protected by MBTA, of extant bird species native to the continental U.S., only 20 species belonging to the order Galliformes are explicitly excluded. Management of galliforms has occurred largely without direct federal oversight, placing this group on a fundamentally different conservation path during the century following MBTA passage. In this paper, we review the historical context and biological justification for exclusion of galliforms from MBTA and synthesize how their present-day conservation differs from that of migratory birds. We find the most prominent difference between the two groups involves the scope of coordination among stakeholders. The U.S. government, primarily via the Department of Interior, acts as de facto coordinating body for migratory bird conservation and plays the central role in oversight, funding, and administration of management in the United States. In contrast, galliform management falls primarily to individual state wildlife agencies, and coordinated conservation efforts have been more ad hoc and unevenly spread across species. Migratory birds benefit from an almost universally greater scope of research and monitoring, scale of habitat conservation, and sophistication of harvest management compared with galliforms. Galliform harvest management plans, in particular, are less likely to use measurable objectives, reporting of uncertainty in population parameters, and explanation of harvest management techniques. Based on a review of species status lists (e.g., the U.S. Endangered Species Act), we found no evidence that galliforms were more frequently listed than migratory species. Regional trend estimates from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) were more likely to be negative for galliforms over the period 1966–2015, but this was primarily driven by Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). Data to assess galliform population status are generally poor, which complicates assessment for roughly half of galliform species. Increased support for coordination among state agencies and other stakeholders, similar to that applied to migratory birds, could help to ensure that galliform conservation is poised to tackle forthcoming challenges associated with global change.
Scalar dark matter in the A4-based texture one-zero neutrino mass model within the inverse seesaw mechanism
Authors: Verma Rishu , Kashav Monal , Verma Surender , Chauhan B C
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we present a model based on A4 discrete flavor symmetry implementing inverse and type-II seesaw mechanisms to have LHC-accessible TeV-scale right-handed neutrino mass and texture one-zero in the resulting Majorana neutrino mass matrix, respectively. We investigate the neutrino and dark matter sectors of the model. Non-Abelian discrete A4 symmetry spontaneously breaks into the Z2 subgroup and hence provides a stable dark matter candidate. To constrain the Yukawa Lagrangian of our model, we impose $Z^{\prime }_2$, Z3, and Z4 cyclic symmetries in addition to the A4 flavor symmetry. In this work we use the recently updated data on cosmological parameters from the Planck Collaboration [N. Aghanim et al. [Planck Collaboration], Astron. Astrophys. A6, 641 (2020)]. For the dark matter candidate mass around 45–55 GeV, we obtain a mediator particle mass (right-handed neutrinos) ranging from 138–155 GeV. The Yukawa couplings are found to be in the range 0.995–1 to have observed the relic abundance of dark matter. We further obtain inverse ($X\equiv \frac{F^2n}{z^2}$) and type-II ($X^{\prime}\equiv f_1 v_{\Delta _{1}}$) seesaw contributions to the 0νββ decay amplitude |Mee|, with the model being consistent with low-energy experimental constraints. In particular, we emphasize that the type-II seesaw contribution to |Mee| is large compared to the inverse seesaw contribution for normally ordered (NO) neutrino masses.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Exercise Interventions and Use of Exercise Principles to Reduce Fear of Falling in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Feng Chengying , Adebero Tony , DePaul Vincent G , Vafaei Afshin , Norman Kathleen E , Auais Mohammad
Published: October 2021

Objective

Fear of falling (FOF) contributes to activity restriction and institutionalization among older adults, and exercise interventions are linked to reduction in FOF. Adhering to exercise principles and adapting optimal exercise parameters are fundamental to optimizing the effectiveness of exercise interventions. The purpose of this review was to describe FOF exercise interventions in community-dwelling older adults, evaluate the extent to which these interventions followed the exercise principles and reported exercise parameters, and quantify the effect of these interventions on reducing FOF.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of FOF exercise interventions in older adults (≥65 years) were identified from 4 databases. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. A random-effect model was used in the meta-analysis.

Results

Seventy-five RCTs were included in this review. With regard to reporting exercise principles, specificity was reported in 92% of trials, progression in 72%, reversibility in 32%, overload in 31%, diminished return in 21%, and initial value in 8%. For exercise parameters, 97% of RCTs reported exercise type; 89%, frequency; and 85%, time. Only 25% reported the intensity. The pooled effect of exercise interventions on FOF among all included studies was a standard mean difference of −0.34 (95% CI = −0.44 to −0.23).

Conclusion

This study showed a significant small to moderate effect size of exercise interventions in reducing FOF among community-dwelling older adults. Most exercise principles and intensity of exercises were not adequately reported in included trials.

Impact

These inadequate reports could undermine efforts to examine the optimal dosage for exercise prescription. More attention must be given to designing and reporting components of therapeutic exercise programs to facilitate evidence-based practice.
Enhancing sleep after training improves memory in down syndrome model mice
Authors: Pittaras Elsa , Colas Damien , Chuluun Bayara , Allocca Giancarlo , Heller Craig
Published: October 2021

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of the third copy of chromosome 21. DS is associated with cognitive disabilities, for which there are no drug therapies. In spite of significant behavioral and pharmacological efforts to treat cognitive disabilities, new and continued efforts are still necessary. Over 60% of children with DS are reported to have sleep apnea that disrupt normal sleep. Normal and adequate sleep is necessary to maintain optimal cognitive functions. Therefore, we asked whether improved quality and/or quantity of sleep could improve cognitive capacities of people with DS. To investigate this possibility, we used the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS and applied two methods for enhancing their sleep following training on mouse memory tasks. A behavioral method was to impose sleep deprivation prior to training resulting in sleep rebound following the training. A pharmacologic method, hypocretin receptor 2 antagonist, was used immediately after the training to enhance subsequent sleep knowing that hypocretin is involved in the maintenance of wake. Our behavioral method resulted in a sleep reorganization that decreased wake and increased rapid eye movement sleep following the training associated with an improvement of recognition memory and spatial memory in the DS model mice. Our pharmacologic approach decreased wake and increased non-rapid eye movement sleep and was associated with improvement only in the spatial memory task. These results show that enhancing sleep after the training in a memory task improves memory consolidation in a mouse model of DS.
O003 The impact of wind farm noise in a laboratory setting on objective and subjective sleep efficiency
Authors: Liebich T , Lack L , Micic G , Hansen K , Zajamsek B , Dunbar C , Lechat B , Nguyen D , Scott H , Catcheside P
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Well-controlled studies of wind farm noise (WFN) on sleep are lacking despite complaints and known effects of other noise types on sleep. This laboratory-based study investigated the impact of continuous full-night WFN exposure replicated from field recordings on polysomnography-measured (objective) and sleep diary-determined (subjective) sleep efficiency compared to a quiet control night.

Methods

Based on residential location and self-report data, 50 participants were categorised into three groups (14 living <10km from a wind farm and self-reporting sleep disturbance; 19 living <10km from a wind farm and self-reporting no sleep disturbance and 18 controls living in a quiet rural area). Participants underwent full in-laboratory polysomnography during exposure to continuous WFN (25 dB(A)) throughout the night and a quiet control night (background noise 19 dB(A)) in random order. Group and noise condition effects were examined via linear mixed model analysis.

Results

Participants (30 females) were aged (mean±SD) 54.9±17.6 range: 18–80 years. Sleep efficiency in the control condition was (median [interquartile range]) objective: 85.5 [77.4 to 91.2]%; subjective: 85.7 [69.2 to 92.7]%) versus the WFN condition (objective: 86.1 [78.6 to 91.7]% subjective: 85.8 [66.2 to 93.8]%) with no significant main or interaction effects of group or noise condition (all p’s >0.05).

Conclusion

These results do not support that WFN at 25 dB(A) significantly impacts objective or subjective sleep efficiency in participants with or without prior WFN exposure or self-reported WFN-related sleep disturbance. Further analyses to investigate potential sleep micro-structural changes remain warranted.
O008 Embedding digital sleep health into primary care practice: perspectives of general practitioners, nurses, and pharmacists
Authors: Cheung J , Menczel Schrire Z , Aji M , Salomon H , Doggett I , Glozier N , Bartlett D , Wong K , Grunstein R , Gordon C
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Digital health interventions (DHI) have the potential to address the unmet sleep health needs of patients in primary care. The current study explored primary care health providers’ attitudes and beliefs towards DHIs for sleep health and the implementation into practice.

Methods

A mixed-methods study was conducted in a convenience sample of primary care service providers (GPs, nurses, pharmacists). An online survey captured participants’ scope of practice and attitudes towards DHIs. Associations between practice factors and attributes of DHIs were explored. A subset of participants was interviewed to explore perceived barriers/facilitators for implementing DHIs into primary care, which was thematically analysed using the Framework Approach.

Results

71 surveys were returned (GPs = 26, nurses = 21, pharmacists = 24) and 37 interviews were conducted (GPs = 13, nurses = 12, pharmacists = 12). Self-reported familiarity with DHIs was highest for GPs followed by pharmacists and nurses. Three major themes were identified: 1) Technology in Current Practice 2) Education Gaps and Training Needs and 3) Envisioning a Model of Care. Participants reported the “vague” definition of DHIs and mostly spoke in terms of personal experience and/or the health informatics systems used in practice. Despite recognising knowledge gaps, participants were confident in becoming upskilled and welcomed the idea of expanding digitalisation into sleep health. However, implementation success would depend on a supportive practice culture, patient uptake, and revising reimbursement structures.

Conclusion

With appropriate training and support, service providers highlighted the potential for embedding DHIs into primary care to optimise sleep health.
O010 The role of dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep in the association between daily sleep and affect in adolescents and emerging adults
Authors: Chachos E , Shen L , Maskevich S , Yap Y , Stone J , Wiley J , Bei B
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Sleep and affect are closely related. Late adolescence and emerging adulthood are associated with unique sleep patterns and risk for mood disturbances. This daily study examined whether dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep (DBAS), a modifiable cognitive vulnerability factor, moderated daily sleep-affect associations.

Methods

421 community adolescents (n=205, 54.1% females, M±SDage=16.9±0.87) and emerging adults (n=216, 73.1% females, M±SDage=21.31±1.73) self-reported sleep and affect (adapted 12-item PANAS) and wore an actigraphy device for 7–28 days, providing >5000 daily observations. Linear mixed models tested whether DBAS moderated daily associations between self-reported and actigraphic sleep duration (total sleep time), sleep efficiency, and next-day affect on between and within-person levels. Both valence (positive/negative) and arousal (high/low) dimensions of affect were examined. Covariates included age, gender, ethnicity, day of week, and previous-day affect.

Results

DBAS significantly moderated associations between average sleep and next-day positive, but not negative, affect. Individuals with higher DBAS had significantly lower high arousal positive affect as average sleep duration (actigraphic: p=.002; self-reported: p=.014) and efficiency (actigraphic: p=.014) decreased. Similar moderation was found for average self-reported sleep duration and low arousal positive affect (p=.032). No significant results emerged on the within-person level. Previous-day affect significantly predicted next-day affect across models and outcomes (all p<.001).

Discussion

Adolescents and emerging adults with more negative views about sleep may experience dampened positive affect in shorter, or poorer, sleep periods. DBAS may constitute a modifiable factor increasing affective vulnerability on a global but not day-to-day level, and a therapeutic target for sleep-related affect disturbances in youths.
O014 Heart rate response to obstructive respiratory events in children born preterm with OSA
Authors: Walter L , Bassam A , Davey M , Gillian N , Horne R
Published: October 2021

Background

Preterm-born (PT) children have an increased risk for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Respiratory events elicit acute changes in heart rate (HR) in term-born (T) children. Whether this response is augmented in PT children with OSA remains unclear. We aimed to analyse the HR response during obstructive respiratory events in PT children with OSA.

Methods

Nine PT children (3–12 y), were matched for obstructive apnoea hypopnoea index (OAHI), age and gender with T children. Beat-to-beat HR was averaged 10s before, during and the peak after (post) each obstructive event, and peak HR was expressed as percentage change.

Results

323 obstructive events in PT and 376 in T children were identified, consisting of 681 hypopnoeas (PT 320; T 361) and 18 apnoeas (PT 3; T 15). There were insufficient apnoeas in the PT group for analysis. For hypopnoeas during total sleep, the PT group had significantly lower HR compared to the T group before median 81bpm (IQR 74–87) vs 88 bpm (79–99); p<0.001), during (76 bpm (69–83) vs 82 bpm (74–92; p<0.001) and post (97 bpm (89–103) vs 105 bpm (95–115; p<0.001) events. The post event increase in HR was significantly higher in the PT (26%, (16–39)) compared with the T (23%, (14–36)) group, p=0.008.

Conclusion

Although HR was lower during obstructive hypopnoeas in preterm compared with term-born children, the post event surge was significantly higher. This heightened HR response to respiratory events in children born preterm may underlie the worse cardiovascular outcomes in these children.
O021 Preferred attributes of care pathways for obstructive sleep apnoea from the perspective of diagnosed patients and high-risk individuals: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Natsky A , Vakulin A , Chai Coetzer C , Adams R , McEvoy R , Kaambwa B
Published: October 2021

Background

The current health care system is challenged with a large and rising demand for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) services. A paradigm shift in OSA management is required to incorporate the preferences of diagnosed patients and individuals at high-risk of OSA. This study aimed to provide empirical evidence of the values and preferences of individuals diagnosed with OSA and high-risk populations regarding distinct OSA care pathway features.

Methods

A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was undertaken in two groups: those with a formal diagnosis of OSA (n=421) and those undiagnosed but at high-risk of having OSA (n=1033). The DCE approach used mixed logit regression models to determine preferences relating to eight salient features of OSA management pathway, i.e. initial assessment, setting and diagnosis costs, waiting times, results interpretation, treatment options, provider of ongoing care and frequency of follow up visits.

Results

The findings indicate that all eight attributes investigated were statistically significant factors for respondents. Generally, both groups preferred low diagnostic costs, fewer follow-up visits, minimum waiting time for sleep study results, and sleep specialists to recommend treatment and as ongoing care providers. Management of OSA in primary care was acceptable to both groups and was the most preferred option by the high-risk group for sleep study testing and ongoing care provision.

Discussion

The DCE results offer a promising approach for systematic incorporation of patient and high-risk groups preferences into the future design and delivery of care pathways for OSA management.
O025 Smart polymer implants as an emerging technology for treating airway collapse in obstructive sleep apnea: proof of concept
Authors: Sideris A , Wallace G , Lam M , Kitipornchai L , Lewis R , Jones A , Jeiranikhameneh A , Beirne S , Hingley L , Mackay S
Published: October 2021

Study objectives

To assess the use of a novel magnetic polymer implant in reversing airway collapse and identify potential anatomical targets for airway implant surgery in an in vivo porcine model.

Methods

Target sites of airway collapse were genioglossus muscle, hyoid bone, and middle constrictor muscle. Magnetic polymer implants were sutured to these sites, and external magnetic forces, through magnets with pull forces rated at 102 kg and 294 kg, were applied at the skin. The resultant airway movement was assessed via nasendoscopy. Pharyngeal plexus branches to the middle constrictor muscle were stimulated at 0.5 mA, 1.0 mA, and 2.0 mA and airway movement assessed via nasendoscopy.

Results

At the genioglossus muscles, large magnetic forces were required to produce airway movement. At the hyoid bone, anterior movement of the airway was noted when using a 294 kg rated magnet. At the middle constrictor muscle, an anterolateral (or rotatory) pattern of airway movement was noted when using the same magnet. Stimulation of pharyngeal plexus branches to the middle constrictor revealed contraction and increasing rigidity of the lateral walls of the airway as stimulation amplitude increased. The resultant effect was prevention of collapse as opposed to typical airway dilation, a previously unidentified pattern of airway movement.

Conclusions

Surgically implanted smart polymers are an emerging technology showing promise in the treatment of airway collapse in obstructive sleep apnea. Future research should investigate their biomechanical role as an adjunct to treatment of airway collapse through nerve stimulation.