bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Most Relevant Complications of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Neragi-Miandoab Siyamek , Michler Robert E.
Published: May 2013

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged for treating aortic stenosis in patients who are poor candidates for surgical aortic valve replacement. Currently, the balloon-expandable Edwards Sapien valve—which is usually implanted via a transfemoral or transapical approach—and the self-expanding CoreValve ReValving system—which is designed for retrograde application—are the most widely implanted valves worldwide. Although a promising approach for high-risk patients, the indication may be expanded to intermediate- and eventually low-risk patients in the future; however, doing so will require a better understanding of potential complications, risk factors for these complications, and strategies to individualize each patient to a different access route and a specific valve. This paper reviews the most relevant complications that may occur in patients who undergo catheter-based aortic valve implantation.
Delta Shock Waves for a Linearly Degenerate Hyperbolic System of Conservation Laws of Keyfitz-Kranzer Type
Authors: Cheng Hongjun
Published: May 2013

This paper is devoted to the study of delta shock waves for a hyperbolic system of conservation laws of Keyfitz-Kranzer type with two linearly degenerate characteristics. The Riemann problem is solved constructively. The Riemann solutions include exactly two kinds. One consists of two (or just one) contact discontinuities, while the other contains a delta shock wave. Under suitable generalized Rankine-Hugoniot relation and entropy condition, the existence and uniqueness of delta shock solution are established. These analytical results match well the numerical ones. Finally, two kinds of interactions of elementary waves are discussed.
Role of Regulatory T Cells in Pathogenesis and Biological Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Buc Milan
Published: May 2013

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease in which the myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord are damaged, leading to demyelination and scarring as well as a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms. It is caused by an autoimmune response to self-antigens in a genetically susceptible individual induced by unknown environmental factors. Principal cells of the immune system that drive the immunopathological processes are T cells, especially of TH1 and TH17 subsets. However, in recent years, it was disclosed that regulatory T cells took part in, too. Subsequently, there was endeavour to develop ways how to re-establish their physiological functions. In this review, we describe known mechanisms of action, efficacy, and side-effects of contemporary and emerging MS immunotherapeutical agents on Treg cells and other cells of the immune system involved in the immunopathogenesis of the disease. Furthermore, we discuss how laboratory immunology can offer physicians its help in the diagnosis process and decisions what kind of biological therapy should be used.
Corrosion Behavior of the Stressed Sensitized Austenitic Stainless Steels of High Nitrogen Content in Seawater
Authors: Almubarak A. , Abuhaimed W. , Almazrouee A.
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of high nitrogen content on corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steels in seawater under severe conditions such as tensile stresses and existence of sensitization in the structure. A constant tensile stress has been applied to sensitized specimens types 304, 316L, 304LN, 304NH, and 316NH stainless steels. Microstructure investigation revealed various degrees of stress corrosion cracking. SCC was severe in type 304, moderate in types 316L and 304LN, and very slight in types 304NH and 316NH. The electrochemical polarization curves showed an obvious second current peak for the sensitized alloys which indicated the existence of second phase in the structure and the presence of intergranular stress corrosion cracking. EPR test provided a rapid and efficient nondestructive testing method for showing passivity, degree of sensitization and determining IGSCC for stainless steels in seawater. A significant conclusion was obtained that austenitic stainless steels of high nitrogen content corrode at a much slower rate increase pitting resistance and offer an excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking in seawater.
NMS-E973, a Novel Synthetic Inhibitor of Hsp90 with Activity against Multiple Models of Drug Resistance to Targeted Agents, Including Intracranial Metastases
Authors: Fogliatto Gianpaolo , Gianellini Laura , Brasca Maria G. , Casale Elena , Ballinari Dario , Ciomei Marina , Degrassi Anna , De Ponti Anna , Germani Massimiliano , Guanci Marco , Paolucci Mauro , Polucci Paolo , Russo Micaela , Sola Francesco , Valsasina Barbara , Visco Carlo , Zuccotto Fabio , Donati Daniele , Felder Eduard , Pesenti Enrico , Galvani Arturo , Mantegani Sergio , Isacchi Antonella
Published: May 2013

Purpose: Recent developments of second generation Hsp90 inhibitors suggested a potential for development of this class of molecules also in tumors that have become resistant to molecular targeted agents. Disease progression is often due to brain metastases, sometimes related to insufficient drug concentrations within the brain. Our objective was to identify and characterize a novel inhibitor of Hsp90 able to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB).

Experimental Design: Here is described a detailed biochemical and crystallographic characterization of NMS-E973. Mechanism-based anticancer activity was described in cell models, including models of resistance to kinase inhibitors. Pharmacokinetics properties were followed in plasma, tumor, liver, and brain. In vivo activity and pharmacodynamics, as well as the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships, were evaluated in xenografts, including an intracranially implanted melanoma model.

Results: NMS-E973, representative of a novel isoxazole-derived class of Hsp90 inhibitors, binds Hsp90α with subnanomolar affinity and high selectivity towards kinases, as well as other ATPases. It possesses potent antiproliferative activity against tumor cell lines and a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, with selective retention in tumor tissue and ability to cross the BBB. NMS-E973 induces tumor shrinkage in different human tumor xenografts, and is highly active in models of resistance to kinase inhibitors. Moreover, consistent with its brain penetration, NMS-E973 is active also in an intracranially implanted melanoma model.

Conclusions: Overall, the efficacy profile of NMS-E973 suggests a potential for development in different clinical settings, including tumors that have become resistant to molecular targeted agents, particularly in cases of tumors which reside beyond the BBB. Clin Cancer Res; 19(13); 3520–32. ©2013 AACR.
Androgenic Hormone Profile of Adult Women with Acne
Authors: da Cunha Marisa Gonzaga , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Machado Carlos D. Aparecida S.
Published: May 2013

Acne in adult women is a hard-to-manage frequent disease with many relapse cases. It mostly interferes with quality of life and causes major social and metabolic losses for patients. This is a transversal retrospective study and the aim was to standardize the research on circulating androgenic hormone levels and to detect hyperandrogenic states early, showing the frequency and the pattern of the altered hormones, useful resources to correctly evaluate each patient. In this study 835 women above 15 years of age, with acne or aggravation cases, were analyzed. The aim was to verify the percentage of androgen examinations with levels above normal. The levels of the hormones dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydrotestosterone, androstenedione and total testosterone were measured in all patients. The evaluation of the hormone profile showed that 54.56% of the patients had hyperandrogenism, and the levels of DHEA were most frequently elevated. Therefore, in the face of the importance of hyperandrogenism in the pathogenesis of acne, standardizing the research of the hormone profile is paramount for the treatment and control of relapses in case of a surge of acne breakouts during a woman's adult life.
In Patients with Colorectal Cancer, Preoperative Serum Interleukin-6 Level and Granulocyte/Lymphocyte Ratio Are Clinically Relevant Biomarkers of Long-Term Cancer Progression
Authors: Shimazaki Jiro , Goto Yoshihisa , Nishida Kiyotaka , Tabuchi Takanobu , Motohashi Gyo , Ubukata Hideyuki , Tabuchi Takafumi
Published: May 2013

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of the serum inflammatory cytokines and the blood granulocytes/lymphocytes (G/L) ratio in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: Forty-six patients underwent surgery for colorectal cancer. The G/L ratio and serum inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were measured before surgery and correlated with the Tumour Node Metastasis classification and overall survival. Results: Serum IL-6 in T3-4, N1-2, M1 cases and cancer stages III-IV sub-groups was significantly higher than in Tis-2, N0, M0 and cancer stages 0-II sub-groups. The G/L ratio, serum M-CSF and TNF-α in T3-4 cases were significantly higher than in Tis-2 cases. Furthermore, the G/L ratio and serum IL-6 showed a significant inverse correlation with the overall survival, while the G/L ratio showed a significant positive correlation with serum IL-6, TNF-α and M-CSF. Multivariate analysis showed that the serum IL-6 level and G/L ratio were independent risk factors for poor prognosis. Conclusions: In this investigation, a pre-operative high level of serum IL-6 and the G/L ratio appeared to be significant predictive factors for cancer progression and poor prognosis. Accordingly, these variables might be clinically relevant biomarkers in patients with colorectal cancer.
Evaluation of Mycophenolic Acid Exposure Using a Limited Sampling Strategy in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Yanfeng , Huang Jiawen , Fu Qian , Chen E. , Liu Longshan , Zhang Rui , Huang Min , Wang Changxi
Published: May 2013

Background/Aims: While there are drug exposure equation models based on limited sampling times for mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), there are few for enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS), and none that studied Chinese individuals. Our objective is to generate the optimal model equations for estimation of the mycophenolic acid (MPA) area under the plasma concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 h (MPA-AUC0-12h) with a limited sampling strategy (LSS) for renal transplant recipients receiving EC-MPS. Methods: The pharmacokinetics in 31 Chinese renal allograft recipients treated with EC-MPS in combination with tacrolimus and steroids were determined. The model equations were generated by multiple stepwise regression analysis for estimation of the MPA-AUC. Results: A total of 31 patients with an average age and weight of 37.58 ± 10.9 years and 60.9 ± 10.7 kg, respectively, were included. Mean serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate were 112.2 ± 17.7 μmol/l and 65.6 ± 14.6 ml/min, respectively. The mean values of AUC0-12h, pre-dose MPA trough concentration (C₀), maximum concentrations (Cmax), and time to reach Cmax (Tmax) were 61.17 ± 26.39 mg·h/l (range 22.9-123.0 mg·h/l), 4.98 ± 4.65 mg/l (range 0.13-20.04 mg/l), 17.54 ± 10.67 mg/l (range 4.08-42.36 mg/l), and 5.0 ± 2.6 h (range 1.0-10.5 h), respectively. The best predictive equation for estimation of MPA-AUC0-12h was -3.63 + 8.35 × C4 + 17.04 × C7 + 13.74 × C12 (r2 = 0.7491), prediction bias (PE%) was 20.9 ± 20.37, and prediction precision (APE%) was 3.66 ± 29.20. Conclusions: This model provides an effective approach for estimation of full MPA-AUC0-12h in Chinese adult renal allograft recipients treated with EC-MPS and tacrolimus.
Receptors to interleukin-6 and adhesion molecules on circulating monocyte subsets in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Wrigley Benjami , Montoro-Garcia Silvia , Shantsila Eduard , Tapp Luke , Lip Gregory
Published: May 2013

The role of individual monocyte subsets in inflammation and recovery post-myocardial infarction (MI) is insufficiently understood. It was the objective of this study to evaluate the dynamics of monocyte expression of receptors to vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1r), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1r), and interleukin-6 (IL-6r) following MI and their relation to inflammatory cytokines, fibrinolytic factors and annexin V-binding microparticles. Expression of VCAM-1r, ICAM-1r, IL-6r on CD14++CD16–(Mon1), CD14++CD16+(Mon2), CD14+CD16++(Mon3) monocyte subsets were quantified by flow cytometry in patients with ST-elevation MI (STEMI, n=50), non-STEMI (n=48) and stable coronary artery disease (n=40). In STEMI, parameters were measured on days 1, 3, 7, 30. On admission with STEMI, VCAM-1r expression was reduced on Mon1 (p=0.007), Mon2 (p=0.036), Mon3 (p=0.005), whilst in NSTEMI there was significant up-regulation of expression by Mon2 (p=0.024) and Mon3 (p=0.049). VCAM-1r on Mon1 correlated positively with plasma IL-1β levels (p=0.001). IL-6r was reduced on Mon2 in acute STEMI, with upregulation of the receptor on Mon1 and Mon2 during follow-up. IL-6r density correlated negatively with plasma levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator (p=0.0005 for Mon1, p=0.001 for Mon2 and Mon3), and positively with annexin V-binding microparticles (p=0.03 for Mon1, p=0.005 for Mon2 and p=0.005 for Mon3). There was no change in monocyte ICAM-1r expression. In conclusion, expression of IL-6r and VCAM-1r is reduced on circulating monocyte subsets involved in inflammatory responses in STEMI. This may represent a regulatory feed-back mechanism aiming to re-balance the marked inflammation which is typically present following acute MI or selective homing of monocytes with high receptor expression to damaged myocardium.

Note: The review process for this manuscript was fully handled by Christian Weber, Editor in Chief.
Efficacy of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Young Patients With Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Miyake Christina Y. , Webster Gregory , Czosek Richard J. , Kantoch Michal J. , Dubin Anne M. , Avasarala Kishor , Atallah Joseph
Published: May 2013

Background—

The effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy for the management of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) in young patients is not known. ICD discharges are not always effective and inappropriate discharges are common, both resulting in morbidity and mortality.

Methods and Results—

This is a multicenter, retrospective review of young patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic VT and ICDs from 5 centers. ICD discharges were evaluated to determine arrhythmia mechanism, appropriateness, efficacy of therapy, and complications. A total of 24 patients were included. Median (interquartile range) ages at onset of catecholaminergic polymorphic VT symptoms and ICD implant were 10.6 (5.0–13.8) years and 13.7 (10.7–16.3) years, respectively. Fourteen patients received 140 shocks. Ten patients (42%) experienced 75 appropriate shocks and 11 patients (46%) received 65 inappropriate shocks. On actuarial analysis, freedom from appropriate shock at 1 year after ICD implant was 75%. Of appropriate shocks, only 43 (57%) demonstrated successful primary termination. All successful appropriate ICD discharges were for ventricular fibrillation. No episodes of polymorphic VT or bidirectional VT demonstrated successful primary termination. The adjusted mean (95% confidence interval) cycle length of successful discharges was significantly shorter than unsuccessful discharges (168 [152–184] ms versus 245 [229–262] ms; adjusted
P
=0.002). Electrical storm occurred in 29% (4/14) and induction of more malignant ventricular arrhythmias in 36% (5/14). There were no deaths.

Conclusions—

ICD efficacy in catecholaminergic polymorphic VT depends on arrhythmia mechanism. Episodes of ventricular fibrillation were uniformly successfully treated, whereas polymorphic and bidirectional VT did not demonstrate successful primary termination. Inappropriate shocks, electrical storm, and ICD complications were common.
Isolated Conduction Within the Left His-Purkenje System During Sinus Rhythm and Idiopathic Left Ventricle Tachycardia
Authors: Long De-Yong , Dong Jian-Zeng , Sang Cai-Hua , Jiang Chen-Xi , Tang Ri-Bo , Yan Qian , Yu Rong-Hui , Li Song-Nan , Yao Yan , Ning Man , Lin Tao , Salim Mohamed , Du Xin , Ma Chang-Sheng
Published: May 2013

Background—

Functionally, left His-Purkenje system (HPS) is insulated from the adjacent myocardium and exhibits isolated conduction during sinus rhythm (SR), but in vivo human study is rare. Meanwhile, whether the isolated conduction also exists during idiopathic left ventricle tachycardia (ILVT) is not clearly defined. The current study aimed to delineate the activation sequence and gross anatomy of left HPS during SR and ILVT.

Methods and Results—

The study involved 25 consecutive patients with ILVT. During SR, left HPS exhibited antegrade activation sequence, and its surrounding myocardium depolarized after HPS in an apical to base direction. During ILVT, the earliest retrograde presystolic potentials were mainly located at the middle portion of left posterior fascicle (0.5±0.1 [95% confidence interval, 0.46–0.58] of its full length) with an average of 29.5±6.0 mm (19.8–41.5) away from the His position. Left posterior fascicle was depolarized from the earliest retrograde presystolic potentials via 2 opposite wavefronts with significantly shorter activation time than that during SR (15.1±2.1 versus 30.0±3.2 ms;
P
<0.001). The left anterior fascicle was depolarized after left posterior fascicle with an antegrade activation sequence and comparable activation time with that during SR (21.9±2.9 versus 22.0±4.1 ms;
P
=0.932). The depolarization of ventricle septum also occurred after HPS in an apical to base direction.

Conclusions—

During SR, isolated conduction within the HPS is demonstrated by documenting the reverse activation sequence with its surrounding myocardium. During ILVT, the earliest retrograde presystolic potentials were usually recorded at the middle segment of left posterior fascicle, and the isolated conduction within the HPS remained.
The Striate Artery, Hematoma, and Spot Sign on Coronal Images of Computed Tomography Angiography in Putaminal Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Sorimachi Takatoshi , Osada Takahiro , Baba Tanefumi , Inoue Go , Atsumi Hideki , Ishizaka Hideo , Hotta Kazuko , Hayashi Naokazu , Matsumae Mitsunori
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose—

A spot sign is a bright spot on computed tomography angiography source images, which is predictive of hematoma growth in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, although the cause of the spot sign is unclear. Our aim was to investigate the spot sign seen on computed tomography angiography and a striate artery, which is a presumed site of intracerebral hemorrhage bleeding origin in the putamen.

Methods—

In consecutive cases of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in the putamen, spot signs and striate arteries were evaluated. Coronal reformat images of computed tomography angiography were created to visualize the striate arteries. Acute deterioration, defined as hematoma enlargement, emergency hematoma removal, or death within the day of admission, was reviewed.

Results—

Of the 141 patients undergoing computed tomography angiography, 15 of the 30 patients (50%) who had spot signs showed an intrahematoma striate artery (termed spot and tail sign), which was a linear density extending from the middle cerebral artery toward the spot sign. Acute deterioration occurred more frequently in patients who had a spot and tail sign compared with patients who had spot signs without intrahematoma striate arteries (
P
<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that hematoma volume, spot signs, and intrahematoma striate arteries were independent predictors of acute deterioration (
P
<0.05).

Conclusions—

The presence of a spot and tail sign, assumed to indicate active bleeding from the striate artery, could be a more sensitive predictor of acute deterioration than the presence of a simple spot sign.
Investing in Schooling In Chile: The Role of Information about Financial Aid for Higher Education
Authors: Dinkelman Taryn , Martínez A. Claudia
Published: May 2013

We investigate the impacts of providing low-income Chilean adolescents with information about how to finance higher education and ask whether providing parents with the same information magnifies the effects on schooling outcomes. We randomly assigned eighth graders and some parents to receive information about aid for higher education. Exposure to information raised college preparatory high school enrollment, primary school attendance, and financial aid knowledge, with gains concentrated among medium- and high-grade students. Parental exposure to information did not significantly magnify these effects. Our results demonstrate that access to relevant information about financial aid affects important schooling choices long before tertiary education begins.
Calls and tadpoles of the species of Lysapsus (Anura, Hylidae, Pseudae)
Authors: Santana Diego José , Santana Diego José , de Souza Queiroz Suelique , Santana Diego José , de Souza Queiroz Suelique , Souza Wanderley Patrícia , Santana Diego José , de Souza Queiroz Suelique , Souza Wanderley Patrícia , de Avelar São-Pedro Vinícius , Santana Diego José , de Souza Queiroz Suelique , Souza Wanderley Patrícia , de Avelar São-Pedro Vinícius , Sá Fortes Leite Felipe , Santana Diego José , de Souza Queiroz Suelique , Souza Wanderley Patrícia , de Avelar São-Pedro Vinícius , Sá Fortes Leite Felipe , Garda Adrian Antonio
Published: May 2013

Larval and bioacoustical characters are crucial for anuran systematics. Nevertheless, advertisement calls and larval morphology of most Neotropical anuran species are unknown. Lysapsus is a peculiar group of aquatic frogs that have been subject to recurrent taxonomic changes. Recent molecular phylogenetic and external morphology work gave support for some of the recognized species (L. laevis and L. caraya), but considerable doubt remains over the distinction among L. limellum and L. bolivianus. We describe the tadpoles of L. caraya and L. bolivianus, the advertisement call of L. laevis, and redescribe the advertisement calls of L. caraya, L. limellum, and L. bolivianus. Our results support the genus based on larval and bioacoustical characters. Lysapsus caraya and L. laevis have distinct advertisement calls, but no visual or statistically significant differences were observed between advertisement calls of L. limellum and L. bolivianus. Tadpoles of L. caraya, L. limellum, and L. bolivianus are similar based on external morphology and contrast against the distinct tadpole of L. laevis. Considerable doubt is raised on the validity of L. bolivianus, which either is a junior synonym of L. limellum or constitutes a cryptic species based on currently available data. Data on osteology, musculature, and chondrocranium, allied to robust phylogeographic analyses will help clarify the taxonomic status of these two putative species and the biogeographic relationships between the Amazon and the Paraná River basins.
Factors influencing male affiliation and coalitions in a species with male dispersal and intense male–male competition, Colobus vellerosus
Authors: Teichroeb Julie A. , Wikberg Eva C. , Ting Nelson , Sicotte Pascale
Published: May 2013

MaleColobus vellerosuscompete intensely for access to females, which sometimes leads to mortal wounding. Yet, males often form cooperative relationships to overtake prime-aged males and immigrate into bisexual groups. We investigated the factors that predicted the presence of coalitions and affiliative relationships among males in this species. Interactions among males in 292 dyads from six groups were examined from 2004 to 2010 at Boabeng-Fiema, Ghana. Affiliation rates among males were higher and aggression rates lower when one or both males in the dyad were subadult, compared to adult male dyads. Affiliation rates tended to be higher among males that were kin but no other aspect of male relationships predicted affiliation. Coalitions among males were rarely observed and primarily occurred in the context of joint defense against extra-group males (93.5% of events). Adult males were more likely to provide coalitionary support than subadults and coalitions occurred significantly more often when both males were high ranking, since these males probably benefited most in terms of reproductive success from excluding extra-group males. Rank-changing and leveling coalitions among low-ranking males appear to be quite rare or absent inC. vellerosus. The costs of these types of coalitions may be too high or male group size too small on average for these types of coalitions to have been selected for. The overall low rates of affiliation and coalitions among maleC. vellerosusare likely influenced by male-biased dispersal and the high level of male–male competition.
Ministry and Spiritual Care
Authors: Smeets Wim
Published: May 2013

Abstract

This article presents an empirical exploration of the attitudes of spiritual caregivers in health care institutions in the Netherlands towards ministry and their professional goals. Ministry can be classified into ministry per se and the position and modes of operation of spiritual care. A distinction is made between an immediate professional goal (communication on worldviews) and an ultimate goal (contribution to spiritual health). We examine the effects of beliefs about ministry on the professional goals, while controlling for relevant population and institutional characteristics. Attitudes towards ministry have the greatest impact on the ultimate goal of spiritual health. They also have a substantial impact on one immediate goal: the experiential-affective goal. The broader concept of worldview or spiritual competence and its relevance to the goals of spiritual care needs further research.
Shifting Boundaries Between the Religious and the Secular: Religious Organizations in Global Public Space
Authors: Lehmann Karsten
Published: May 2013

The aim of the article is to add a religious studies perspective to the recent debates on the establishment of religion in public space. In light of this background, it highlights the global dimension of the corresponding processes by analyzing the early developments of religious non-governmental organizations formally accredited to the United Nations organization (UN). Based upon three case analyses—the Commission of the Churches on International Affairs, Pax Romana, and the Friends World Committee for Consultation—the article presents a two-fold argument. On the one hand, it makes the point that these organizations started out to approach the UN context in quite distinct ways drawing upon core ideas of their respective tradition in order to frame their activities. On the other hand, they adapted to the structures of the UN in order to act efficiently. This triggered shifts in the internal boundaries between the religious and the secular.
Icarus Paradox or Verto in Prosperum: Chinese Internet Firms, Business Models and Internationalization
Authors: Tariq Anwar Syed
Published: May 2013

The main purpose of this work is to investigate and analyze Chinese Internet firms (CIFs) and their business models, corporate structures, and internationalization patterns in global business and trade. By using a case-based research approach, secondary data, and firm-specific information, the study specifically analyzes the behavior and growth of 18 CIFs in global business and trade. Findings of the study reveal that CIFs display and pursue unique strategies regarding growth, B-models and internationalization patterns. No two CIFs are the same regarding their expansion and firm-specific internationalization. This could be the result of distinct entrepreneurial initiatives and diverse company-specific strategies that have been pursued by CIFs in China and other markets. The paper adds value and timely discussion in an area that lacks meaningful investigations and discussion.
An evaluation of an information literacy training initiative at the University of Dar es Salaam
Authors: Wema Evans , Hepworth Mark
Published: May 2013

Purpose: This paper reviews the implementation and impact of an Information Literacy Training course at the University of Dar Es Salaam in Tanzania. The purpose of the research which is described was to determine the effectiveness of different methods of assessment for teaching information literacy. Methodology: The focus of the paper is an analysis of student learning through quizzes, exercises, reflective discussion and student presentations. The training lasted seven days and involved Masters Students from the Faculty of Education. Data was collected via quizzes, exercises and group reflection and presentations that related to each stage in the course. The data were used to see whether the overall method of training was effective and also to see whether these assessment tools were useful in themselves. The approach was primarily qualitative. Findings: The course, judging from the various forms of feedback, was effective. Student feedback enabled us to learn about the ways in which each of our teaching methods contributed to the student learning experience. The integration of knowledge from information behaviour research, educational theory and current Library Science perspectives on information literacy also proved valuable in developing the curriculum. Practical implications: The students themselves appear, from the data collected, to have learnt from the course. The librarians who taught the course were able to use the feedback and experience to run subsequent courses. Hence it proved successful in terms of knowledge transfer and enabling the development of information literacy trainers.
Using online collaborative learning to enhance information literacy delivery in a Level 1 module:
Authors: Walton Geoff , Barker Jamie , Hepworth Mark , Stephans Derek
Published: May 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to encourage Sport & Exercise Level 1 students to use the discussion board facility in the Blackboard Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) in order to engage them in online collaborative learning of This was achieved by using notions of scaffolding, reflection and situated learning in delivering the information literacy (IL) elements of the programme. Delivery of the programme was carried out in a blended fashion (a mix of face-to-face and online interventions). The study is part of a PhD pilot study and a Learning & Teaching Fellowship project undertaken by the main author. Methodology: This was a quasi-experimental design using both qualitative and quantitative strategies. Qualitative data was gathered via: capturing student postings and examining their content; a questionnaire administered at the end of the module and from Focus Group responses. Quantitative data was gathered via pre and post delivery tests and by calculating numbers of postings and time taken by students to make initial postings. Findings: This paper indicates that it is possible to engage students in even the most detailed aspects of IL (for example, breaking down a URL as a criterion for evaluating a web site or where to place commas in a reference) if the appropriate tasks (involving active hands on, collaborative working), settings (within a subject based module during a timetabled session) and assessments (task based with some form of evaluation and reflection) are used. Discussion board output captured via VLE provides a rich insight into what students learn as they tackle IL online activities. From the tutors’ perspective the process of iteration used in the evaluation activities was successful and was an unanticipated outcome of the delivery. It can be seen that by seeding online discussions with student comments ‘moments of iteration’ were provided which enabled IL learning to be articulated in increasing detail. Practical implications: We feel that the study shows that IL programmes underpinned with a productive collaborative relationship between support services and faculty is central to successful delivery. Scaffolded learning has two benefits: as a successful pedagogical technique within online collaborative learning (OCL) and as a mechanism for realising the iterative process within IL itself. A new process map showing how to structure this within the Blackboard discussion board facility is put forward for the purposes of improving future delivery and providing the basis for further research. However, the research also revealed that more work is required both in terms of courseware development and in articulating more robust techniques for analysing discussion content. Originality: Providing learning opportunities via means of online collaborative learning to level 1 Sport & Exercise students is a novel approach to the delivery of IL in the university sector.
Show them how to do it:
Authors: Patalong Sally , Llewellyn Olivia
Published: May 2013

This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of using Macromedia Captivate to deliver remote information literacy instruction to large groups of students at Coventry University via the virtual learning environment, WebCT. We present the results of a case study based on the use of Captivate tutorials by undergraduate business studies students. Created by library staff for a specific business module, the usage and effectiveness of the tutorials is analysed. We discuss why the take up of the tutorials was not as great as expected and assess the overall usefulness of remote, online tutorials within the information literacy toolkit. The advantages and disadvantages of using Captivate and similar products are discussed. The paper has practical value for library and information professionals seeking to use online tutorials to deliver information literacy instruction. The paper highlights the possible pitfalls of using such a method within a virtual learning environment, such as WebCT.
Transform your training:
Authors: Jones Rosie , Peters Karen , Shields Emily
Published: May 2013

This article describes how the Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU) Library has integrated interactivity into its information literacy (IL) training. Research has shown that interactivity is an important aspect of enhancing the learning process and this has been recognised in MMU’s InfoSkills training programme. This paper will consider the theory behind adult learners and preferred learning styles and will illustrate specific examples of how MMU has included interactivity into its sessions. InfoSkills at MMU is taught through a variety of different methods, for example, lecturing, workshops and hands-on computer work. However, each of these alone is not enough and must be combined with other practical approaches in order to make training truly effective. Regardless of environment or technology available, active participation within MMU’s InfoSkills sessions is key to enhancing students’ independent learning. Although IL trainers at MMU have access to new technologies such as interactive whiteboards and voting pods, these are not always accessible in every teaching location and so this article also refers to low- tech alternative methods. This paper hopes to provide practical ideas for engaging students in interactive IL sessions that may inspire other IL trainers. It also gives information about future developments the InfoSkills team will be making in this area.
Online information literacy learning for nurses:
Authors: Lynch Caroline , Perrett Angela
Published: May 2013

This article explores the development of an online learning area including context and process of the development. Key features of the learning area are outlined. An analysis of the information needs of nurses highlighted a demand for information literacy training. The development of the learning area was a collaborative process involving library staff and lifelong learning staff. The learning area uses a variety of techniques to appeal to a range of learning styles. Feedback about the learning area has been obtained and ongoing development of the learning area is planned.
The Information Literacy Resource Bank
Authors: Jackson Cathie , Mogg Rebecca
Published: May 2013

This paper outlines the aims and methodology of the Information Literacy Resource Bank (http://ilrb.cardiff.ac.uk) project. The Resource Bank has been developed to help meet the challenge of embedding information literacy into the taught curriculum at Cardiff University. It contains “bite-size” interactive tasks, images, diagrams, cartoons and short tutorials which each focus on a particular information literacy topic. Hosted on the University’s web pages, they can either be used in situ or downloaded and inserted into the tutors’ own resources in BlackBoard, PowerPoint or even printed handouts. The intention is that the learning objects are suitably granular for integration, as required, within different teaching environments and are adaptable to the many different approaches to embedding information literacy. After describing the background and development of the Resource Bank, the authors evaluate, through case study examples of their use, whether the resources are truly re-purposable and whether the resources can be regarded as a successful source of support for embedding information literacy into teaching programmes.
Ask the audience!
Authors: Burnett Sara , Collins Simon
Published: May 2013

The paper focuses on the use of a Personal Response System (PRS) as a tool for engaging students during initial library induction sessions. The Personal Response system is an interactive tool that is appropriate for a wide range of learning and teaching activities. The PRS works by each student (or group of students) responding to questions or statements using a handset. A virtual library tour created by Kingston University library staff was developed interspersed with the use of the PRS. The paper explores the background to the development of this virtual tour and the use of the PRS in information literacy sessions prior to the introduction in the library induction sessions. It reflects on the advantages of using this technology and the benefits for both staff and students.
An evaluation of the possibilities of using Second Life’s EduNation in Information Literacy training
Authors: Foggo Lisa
Published: May 2013

This paper aims to identify the value of the virtual world Second Life, and the educational facilities available in EduNation within Second Life, specifically as regards their use for information literacy in Higher Education. The author identifies potential benefits and drawbacks of Second Life and EduNation, and concludes that they do have potential value.
Information literacy and IT skills delivery:
Authors: Wallace Vicky
Published: May 2013

This article describes Phase 2 of the ICT Skills project, which used the WebCT Virtual Learning Environment to deliver information literacy and IT Skills training materials to 2nd and 3rd year undergraduates at the University Of Birmingham. It describes the aims of the project, the development of learning objects in conjunction with partner schools, responses from the wider academic community, and feedback from the Information Literacy practitioner community. It also discusses the problems and issues surrounding embedding Information Literacy learning objects within the curriculum and the student experience. The authors conclude by identifying the beneficial outcomes of the project.
Embedding Information Literacy into staff development in an acute National Health Service (NHS) Trust
Authors: Hadley Sharon , Hacker Kim
Published: May 2013

The aim of this article is to share experiences of developing an information literacy programme for NHS healthcare staff who require preparation for higher level study and for those without recent formal learning experiences. Initial evaluations concluded that the course was very clinically centred with a high number of nurses attending with a variety of needs. A more learner-centred, blended approach, including e-learning and self-study materials that will widen participation to non- clinical staff, support life-long learning and provide transferable learning is recommended.
Wiki anyone?
Authors: Franklin Ginny
Published: May 2013

Purpose: Following an first-time opportunity to run a face-to-face workshop with Computer Science First Years the self-imposed brief was to use activities that captured their imagination, be innovative, yet within the author’s technical capabilities. A course wiki, or mass collaborative authoring tool, was an obvious choice for this community. Methodology/approach: The paper reports on observations of two groups; the first observation discusses students use of a course wiki in a face-to-face information literacy session, the second discusses use of a separate wiki by a group of information professionals at a CPD event. Findings: The Computer Science students engaged with the wiki and associated activities and posted some very interesting comments. Encouraging reflection in class following an activity allows a teacher to gauge understanding and just as importantly, to elicit student views. The ability to post anonymously is welcomed by students and teacher alike and mitigates against a cohort going mute when a question has been posed. Whilst using a wiki with Computer Science First Years was extremely successful, mixed results were achieved with a much less homogenous group of information professionals at a CPD event. Originality/value of paper: Wikis are increasingly being used in education and in libraries and in some cases in library education or information literacy. Whilst examples of these can be found easily there is an apparent dearth of writings on how wikis might be used in a face-to-face information literacy session. This article reports on the experience of using a wiki in two different IL scenarios.
E-literacy and the grey digital divide:
Authors: Morris Anne , Brading Helena
Published: May 2013

Purpose: Reviews e-literacy in the context of Internet use and non-use by older people. Discusses the perceived barriers to Internet use and provides suggestions as to how the “grey” digital divide can be reduced. Methodology: Reviews literature but draws heavily on survey research conducted in Derbyshire and Scotland. Findings: Although the United Kingdom (UK) population is currently ageing and the use of the Internet amongst adults is increasing, current national statistics indicate that older people make up only a small proportion of those online, resulting in what can be aptly described as a “grey” digital divide. Existing literature indicates that older people are missing out on the enormous potential the Internet has to benefit their lives. Without access, older citizens are rapidly becoming disenfranchised. Perceived barriers to e-literacy include lack of interest, feeling too old, fear of new technology, lack of access to IT, lack of IT skills and experience, cost, concerns about security, and problems associated with disability. Originality: Previous studies have examined Internet use by different sectors of the population, including older people. This paper brings these findings together and offers recommendations for increasing e-literacy in the context of Internet use among older people.
Information Literacy and the Academic Library:
Authors: Wallace Amy
Published: May 2013

Information literacy is often linked to life-long learning, but few colleges and universities reach out to the institutions that supply their students or admit their graduates. For this reason, Ventura County (California) educational institutions organized a summit to examine the state of information literacy, identify information literacy gaps within and across educational institutions, identify potential information literacy collaborations within and across educational institutions, and identify needed educational opportunities in the area of information literacy for educational institutions. Summit participants included librarians, faculty, teachers, and administrators from high schools, community colleges, and universities. The article focuses on summit content, format, activities, and outcomes. The summit’s unique format to stimulate dialogue, rather than just show participants how to do information literacy, was extremely informative. It was clear that expectations did not match what was actually being taught, or even believed to be taught, at other institutions. It was also clear that particular participants were doing some great things, but had never stopped to talk about them with their colleagues let alone others outside their institution. As a result, the event has led to several successful collaborations as well as some unexpected benefits for the academic library that hosted it.
The Cardiff Handbook for Information Literacy Teaching –
Authors: Clinch Peter , Jones-Evans Angela
Published: May 2013

This article describes and discusses the principles behind the preparation by staff of the Information Services Directorate of Cardiff University of the Handbook for Information Literacy Teaching (HILT). The Handbook aims to equip staff with techniques to promote information literacy, to prepare learning outcomes and to deliver and evaluate appropriate learning experiences within teaching schools in the university. The 2006 edition of the Handbook, which runs to 130 A4 pages and is available to subject librarians in both paper and web format, has been revised in the light of both internal and external evaluations. A number of higher and further education establishments and the library of a government department have taken part in an external evaluation and the results of this are presented. The findings on the transferability of the Handbook to organisations outside Cardiff University are discussed and presented.
Collaboration between librarians and teaching faculty to teach information literacy at one Ontario university:
Authors: Reed Maureen , Kinder Don , Farnum Cecile
Published: May 2013

Experiences and outcomes
Towards a student-centred approach to information literacy learning:
Authors: Sales Dora
Published: May 2013

Introduction and objectives: From the vantage point of user studies and information literacy paradigm, an empirical case-study has been carried out (at the University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain) in order to establish a diagnosis of the information behaviour of translation students. It is hoped that this study will serve as a basis for the design and subsequent implementation of programs of instruction (within the paradigm of Information Literacy) specific to this interdisciplinary field. Methodology: The study is located within the qualitative paradigm, using the technique of focus group interview. Two focus groups were made up of students from different stages of their academic career. Results: A positive evolution is identified within the student group (from first to third cycle) as regards the successful acquisition of information skills. Differences are observed concerning information skills, knowledge and values between the translation students of the different cycles. Conclusions: The study highlights the progress registered by the translation students in their information competence and the resultant conceptualization: a development from knowledge towards strategy and lifelong learning.