bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conservation implications of tourism and stress for Amazonian caimans
Authors: Mendonça Washington C. S. , Duncan Wallice P. , Vidal Marcelo D. , Magnusson William E. , Da Silveira Ronis
Published: August 2023

Ecotourism is a strategy for biodiversity conservation, but it involves possible negative effects on animal health and welfare. Large predators such as crocodilians are one of the great public attractions sought after for tourist interactions. Interactions with wild animals and humans can hyperstimulate the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis in the short term, in the case of crocodilians showing an increased corticosterone level, which is indicative of physiological stress. Between September and December 2019, we simulated interactions between tourists and Amazonian crocodilians at Anavilhanas National Park in Central Amazonia, Brazil to evaluate the effects of handling and use of photographic flashes on black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) and spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus) on circulating corticosterone and lactate. Corticosterone levels increased 1.7‐fold during handling and 2.7‐fold when exposed to photographic flashes in black caiman but not in spectacled caiman. Increased corticosterone concentrations in black caiman were characterized by an increase caused by handling and were more intense after flashes than in controls, but the combination of handling and flash had no effect. During handling in simulated tourist interactions, anaerobic respiration increased lactate in black caiman but not in spectacled caiman. The effect of simulated tourist interactions with Amazonian crocodilians was dependent on the handling and especially on flash use in black caiman. The results can assist management, conservation programs, and public policies, especially in programs based on tourism interaction with Amazonian crocodilians.
Can Ganciclovir and Quercetin‐P188 Ameliorate Cytomegalovirus Induced Hearing Loss?
Authors: Suarez Daniel , Kjar Andrew , Scott Boston , Hillam Katrina , Vargis Elizabeth , Nielson Christopher , Sommer Elizabeth , Zhang Emily , Holley Anna , Traxler Abigail , Hughes Maura , Wang Yong , Firpo Matthew A. , Britt David , Park Albert H.
Published: August 2023

Objective

Determine whether combination therapy with ganciclovir (GCV) and a Quercetin‐P188 solution improves hearing outcomes in a murine cytomegalovirus (CMV) model.

Methods

BALB/c mice were infected with murine CMV on postnatal day 3 (p3). Quercetin was solubilized in saline using P188 (QP188). Treatment groups received either GCV, QP188, GCV and QP188, or P188 delivery vehicle BID at 12‐hour intervals via intraperitoneal injection. All treatment groups were treated for 14 days starting at p3. Uninfected controls were treated with the combined regimen, saline or P188 delivery vehicle. Auditory thresholds were assessed using distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing at 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age. Temporal bones from separate CMV‐infected groups were harvested at p10, and viral load was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results

CMV‐infected mice receiving combination therapy GCV+QP188 demonstrated statistically significant lower ABR (p < 0.001) and DPOAE thresholds (p < 0.001) compared with mice treated with GCV monotherapy, QP188 monotherapy, and P188 delivery vehicle at 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age. GCV+QP188 combination therapy, GCV monotherapy, and QP188 monotherapy resulted in a nonsignificant reduction in mean viral titers compared to P188 monotherapy (p = 0.08).

Conclusion

Combining GCV with the excipients quercetin and P188 effectively ameliorated CMV‐induced sensorineural hearing loss in a murine model. This result may be partially explained by a reduction in viral titers in mouse temporal bones that correlate with in vitro studies demonstrating additive antiviral effect in cell culture.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:1457–1463, 2024
Management of Idiopathic Vocal Process Granuloma: A Survey of Academic Laryngologists
Authors: Boyce Claire , Schmidt Kelly L. , Gilbert Mark R.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Vocal process granulomas (VPGs) are benign laryngeal lesions that may manifest as ulcerated regions of the vocal fold or nodular polypoid lesions. Gold standard treatments for idiopathic VPG are yet to be established at this time. This study evaluated clinical decision‐making and outcomes in the treatment of VPG patients based on experiences of academic laryngologists across the United States.

Methods

A 21‐question survey was developed to evaluate each respondent's specific VPG patient population, clinical decision‐making in treating VPG, and corresponding treatment outcomes. The survey was distributed to 168 laryngologists at academic institutions across the United States. Data were analyzed through the Qualtrics platform.

Results

A total of 106 responses were analyzed, with a completion rate of 63.1%. Etiology of VPG was most commonly attributed to phonotrauma (96.2%) and reflux (71.8%). Primary first‐line treatment was most commonly antireflux medications (92%). Other common first line treatments included voice therapy (58.8%) and inhaled steroids (42.5%). With these treatments, the majority of laryngologists report that recurrence is uncommon (68.4%). Dysphonia was cited as the most frequent long‐term sequelae at 27.8%.

Conclusions

VPG treatment strategies continue to be controversial across the United States with many treatments described in the literature with variable application in the practice of academic laryngologists today. Based on survey results, antireflux medications and voice therapy may be the most widely used and most effective treatment options. Establishment of gold standard therapy for VPG as well as further research into recurrent or persistent VPG despite antireflux and voice therapy should be explored.

Level of Evidence

5 Laryngoscope, 134:795–802, 2024
Preparation and quality control of in‐house reference materials for marine dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity measurements
Authors: Moras Charly A. , Bach Lennart T. , Cyronak Tyler , Joannes‐Boyau Renaud , Schulz Kai G.
Published: August 2023

Accurate measurements of seawater carbonate chemistry are crucial for marine carbon cycle research. Certified reference materials (CRMs) are typically analyzed alongside samples to correct measurements for calibration drift. However, the COVID‐19 pandemic led to a limited access to CRMs. In response to this shortage, we prepared and monitored in‐house reference materials (IHRMs) for total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), over 12 and 15 months, respectively. Overall, TA was stable, but a slight increase in DIC of about 2 μmol kg−1 occurred over 15 months. The increase could potentially be attributed to bacterial growth, despite mercuric chloride fixation and repeated UV exposure. It is noted that this small increase was most likely within our instrument and measurements uncertainties. Our repeated measurements also identified a few bottles that had TA or DIC concentrations 4–5 μmol kg−1 higher than the rest, indicating issues during cleaning, fixation, or storage of individual bottles. This study emphasizes the importance of careful and continuous monitoring if self‐prepared IHRMs are used. Given that the amount of work required is very high, IHRM preparation is only recommended when CRMs are not available.
Polyampholyte Polymers‐Based Sensors: A Review on Stimuli and Applications
Authors: Zardehi‐Tabriz Ali , Ghayebzadeh Yoones , Gerdroodbar Amirhossein Enayati , Golshan Marzieh , Roghani‐Mamaqani Hossein , Salami‐Kalajahi Mehdi
Published: August 2023

Polyampholytes are a specific type of zwitterionic materials composed of monomers with both positive and negative charges. These materials can be synthesized through various methods, such as free radical, anionic, or cationic polymerization, or by modifying existing polymers through postpolymerization processes. Polyampholytes possess unique properties that make them attractive for a wide range of applications, particularly in sensor technology. They can undergo conformational changes in response to external stimuli like pH variations, temperature fluctuations, or changes in salt concentration. These properties have led to their application in biosensors, salt and ion sensors, pH sensors, fluorescence‐based sensors, strain sensors, and thermosensitive sensors. It is worth noting that in some cases polyampholytes can respond to multiple stimuli simultaneously. Overall, polyampholytes are drawing great attention for their excellent mechanical properties including self‐healing, high toughness, and fatigue resistance. Thus, this review is focused on advances that are made to develop polyampholyte polymer‐based sensors in different applications.
A novel hypoxia‐stimulated lncRNA HIF1A‐AS3 binds with YBX1 to promote ovarian cancer tumorigenesis by suppressing p21 and AJAP1 transcription
Authors: Xie Wan , Wang Weijiao , Meng Silu , Wu Xue , Liu Xiaoyu , Liu Yuhuan , Kang Xiaoyan , Su Yue , Lv Xiaofeng , Guo Lili , Wang Changyu
Published: August 2023

Hypoxia is characteristic of the ovarian tumor (OC) microenvironment and profoundly affects tumorigenesis and therapeutic response. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play various roles in tumor progression; however, the characteristics of lncRNAs in pathological responses of the OC microenvironment are not entirely understood. Through high‐throughput sequencing, lncRNA expression in hypoxia (1% O2) and normoxia (21% O2) SKOV3 cells was explored and analyzed. The 5′‐ and 3′‐rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends was used to detect the full length of the novel HIF1A‐AS3 transcript. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess HIF1A‐AS3 expression in OC cells and tissues. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of the biological functions of hypoxic HIF1A‐AS3 were conducted. To clarify the underlying mechanisms of HIF1A‐AS3 in hypoxic OC, a dual‐luciferase assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA pull‐down, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA‐sequencing were used. We used high‐throughput sequencing to investigate a novel lncRNA, HIF1A‐AS3, as a hypoxic candidate significantly elevated in OC cells/tissues. HIF1A‐AS3 was predominantly localized in the nucleus and promoted in vitro and in vivo OC growth and tumorigenesis. Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α bound to hypoxia response elements in the HIF1A‐AS3 promoter region and stimulated its expression in hypoxia. Under hypoxia, HIF1A‐AS3 directly integrated with Y‐Box binding protein 1 and inhibited its ability to bind to the promoters of p21 and AJAP1 to repress their transcriptional activity, thereby promoting hypoxic OC progression. Our results revealed the crucial role and mechanism of the novel hypoxic HIF1A‐AS3 in the oncogenesis of OC. The novel HIF1A‐AS3 could be a crucial biomarker and therapeutic target for future OC treatments.
Discovery of deoxyandrographolide and its novel effect on vascular senescence by targeting HDAC1
Authors: Lin Zhongxiao , He Hao , Xian Yu , Cai Jianghong , Ge Qinyang , Guo Minghao , Zheng Quan , Liu Xiaoyan , Mo Chengke , Zhang Xin , Qi Wei , Zhang Youming , Liang Lu , Yu Xi‐Yong , Zhu Yi Zhun
Published: August 2023

Aconitum carmichaelii (Fuzi) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used in the clinic to save the dying life for over several thousand years. However, the medicinal components of Fuzi in treating vascular senescence (VS) and its potential mechanism remain unclear. In this study, a network pharmacology method was used to explore the possible components and further validated by experiments to get a candidate compound, deoxyandrographolide (DA). DA restrains aging biomarkers, such as p16, p21, γH2A.X, and p53 in vitro and in vivo blood co‐culture studies. Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), mouse double minute2 (MDM2), cyclin‐dependent kinase 4, and mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) are predicted to be the possible targets of DA based on virtual screening. Subsequent bio‐layer interferometry results indicated that DA showed good affinity capability with HDAC1. DA enhances the protein expression of HDAC1 in the angiotensin II‐induced senescence process by inhibiting its ubiquitination degradation. Loss of HDAC1 by CRISPR/Cas9 leads to the disappearance of DA's anti‐aging property. The enhancement of HDAC1 represses H3K4me3 (a biomarker of chromosomal activity) and improves chromosome stability. RNA sequencing results also confirmed our hypothesis. Our evidence illuminated that DA may achieve as a novel compound in the treatment of VS by improving chromosome stability.
Model order reduction for deforming domain problems in a time‐continuous space‐time setting
Authors: Key Fabian , von Danwitz Max , Ballarin Francesco , Rozza Gianluigi
Published: August 2023

In the context of simulation‐based methods, multiple challenges arise, two of which are considered in this work. As a first challenge, problems including time‐dependent phenomena with complex domain deformations, potentially even with changes in the domain topology, need to be tackled appropriately. The second challenge arises when computational resources and the time for evaluating the model become critical in so‐called many query scenarios for parametric problems. For example, these problems occur in optimization, uncertainty quantification (UQ), or automatic control, and using highly resolved full‐order models (FOMs) may become impractical. To address both types of complexity, we present a novel projection‐based model order reduction (MOR) approach for deforming domain problems that takes advantage of the time‐continuous space‐time formulation. We apply it to two examples that are relevant to engineering or biomedical applications and conduct an error and performance analysis. In both cases, we are able to drastically reduce the computational expense for a model evaluation and, at the same time, maintain an adequate accuracy level, each compared to the original time‐continuous space‐time full‐order model (FOM). All in all, this work indicates the effectiveness of the presented MOR approach for deforming domain problems by taking advantage of a time‐continuous space‐time setting.
Factors affecting access to dialysis for patients with end‐stage kidney disease in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Japiong Milipaak , Landy Christine Kurtz , Fox Mary T. , Mensah Joseph , Adatara Peter
Published: August 2023

Aims

This scoping review examined the factors affecting access to dialysis for patients with end‐stage kidney disease in Sub‐Saharan Africa.

Design

Scoping review.

Methods

The scoping review is conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and modelled by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses extension for scoping review.

Results

A descriptive content analysis of 30 included articles revealed three main findings affecting access and use of dialysis: Health system–related factors, health provider–related factors and patient factors.

Patient or Public Contribution

Equity in renal replacement therapy access and use will require concerted advocacy for good public policy, healthcare delivery, workforce capacity and education.
Regional Collaboration and Trends in Clinical Management of Thyroid Cancer
Authors: van Dijk Sam P.J. , Coerts Hannelore I. , Lončar Ivona , van Kinschot Caroline M.J. , von Meyenfeldt Erik M. , Edward Visser W. , van Noord Charlotte , Zengerink Hans F. , ten Broek Marc R.J. , Verhoef Cornelis , Peeters Robin P. , van Ginhoven Tessa M.
Published: August 2023

Objective

This study examines the trends in the management of thyroid cancer and clinical outcomes in the Southwestern region of The Netherlands from 2010 to 2021, where a regional collaborative network has been implemented in January 2016.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

This study encompasses all patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer of any subtype between January 2010 and June 2021 in 10 collaborating hospitals in the Southwestern region of The Netherlands.

Methods

The primary outcome of this study was the occurrence of postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes were trends in surgical management, centralization, and waiting times of patients with thyroid cancer.

Results

This study included 1186 patients with thyroid cancer. Median follow‐up was 58 [interquartile range: 24‐95] months. Surgery was performed in 1027 (86.6%) patients. No differences in postoperative complications, such as long‐term hypoparathyroidism, permanent recurrent nerve paresis, or reoperation due to bleeding were seen over time. The percentage of patients with low‐risk papillary thyroid carcinoma referred to the academic hospital decreased from 85% (n = 120/142) in 2010 to 2013 to 70% (n = 120/171) in 2014 to 2017 and 62% (n = 100/162) in 2018 to 2021 (P < .01). The percentage of patients undergoing a hemithyroidectomy alone was 9% (n = 28/323) in 2010 to 2013 and increased to 20% (n = 63/317; P < .01) in 2018 to 2021.

Conclusion

The establishment of a regional oncological network coincided with a de‐escalation of thyroid cancer treatment and centralization of complex patients and interventions. However, no differences in postoperative complications over time were observed. Determining the impact of regional oncological networks on quality of care is challenging in the absence of uniform quality indicators.
Accuracy of ChatGPT‐Generated Information on Head and Neck and Oromaxillofacial Surgery: A Multicenter Collaborative Analysis
Authors: Vaira Luigi Angelo , Lechien Jerome R. , Abbate Vincenzo , Allevi Fabiana , Audino Giovanni , Beltramini Giada Anna , Bergonzani Michela , Bolzoni Alessandro , Committeri Umberto , Crimi Salvatore , Gabriele Guido , Lonardi Fabio , Maglitto Fabio , Petrocelli Marzia , Pucci Resi , Saponaro Gianmarco , Tel Alessandro , Vellone Valentino , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos Miguel , Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo , Salzano Giovanni , De Riu Giacomo
Published: August 2023

Objective

To investigate the accuracy of Chat‐Based Generative Pre‐trained Transformer (ChatGPT) in answering questions and solving clinical scenarios of head and neck surgery.

Study Design

Observational and valuative study.

Setting

Eighteen surgeons from 14 Italian head and neck surgery units.

Methods

A total of 144 clinical questions encompassing different subspecialities of head and neck surgery and 15 comprehensive clinical scenarios were developed. Questions and scenarios were inputted into ChatGPT4, and the resulting answers were evaluated by the researchers using accuracy (range 1‐6), completeness (range 1‐3), and references' quality Likert scales.

Results

The overall median score of open‐ended questions was 6 (interquartile range[IQR]: 5‐6) for accuracy and 3 (IQR: 2‐3) for completeness. Overall, the reviewers rated the answer as entirely or nearly entirely correct in 87.2% of cases and as comprehensive and covering all aspects of the question in 73% of cases. The artificial intelligence (AI) model achieved a correct response in 84.7% of the closed‐ended questions (11 wrong answers). As for the clinical scenarios, ChatGPT provided a fully or nearly fully correct diagnosis in 81.7% of cases. The proposed diagnostic or therapeutic procedure was judged to be complete in 56.7% of cases. The overall quality of the bibliographic references was poor, and sources were nonexistent in 46.4% of the cases.

Conclusion

The results generally demonstrate a good level of accuracy in the AI's answers. The AI's ability to resolve complex clinical scenarios is promising, but it still falls short of being considered a reliable support for the decision‐making process of specialists in head‐neck surgery.
Assessing the role of positron emission tomography and bone scintigraphy in imaging of pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB): A report from the International PPB/DICER1 Registry
Authors: Hagedorn Kelly N. , Nelson Alexander T. , Towbin Alexander J. , Frederickson Nicole , Mallinger Paige , Lucas John T. , Dehner Louis P. , Messinger Yoav H. , Shulkin Barry L. , Mize William A. , Schultz Kris Ann P.
Published: August 2023

Background

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is the most common primary lung neoplasm of infancy and early childhood. Given the rarity of PPB, the role of positron emission tomography (PET) and bone scintigraphy (bone scans) in diagnostic evaluation and surveillance has not been documented to date. Available PET and bone scan data are presented in this study.

Procedures

Patients with PPB enrolled in the International PPB/DICER1 Registry and available PET imaging and/or bone scan reports were retrospectively abstracted.

Results

On retrospective analysis, 133 patients with type II and III (advanced) PPB were identified with available report(s) (PET scan only = 34, bone scan only = 83, and both bone scan and PET = 16). All advanced primary PPB (n = 11) and recurrent (n = 8) tumors prior to treatment presented with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐avid lesions, with median maximum standardized uptake values of 7.4 and 6.7, respectively. False positive FDG uptake in the thorax was noted during surveillance (specificity: 59%). Bone metastases were FDG‐avid prior to treatment. Central nervous system metastases were not discernable on PET imaging. Sensitivity and specificity of bone scans for metastatic bone disease were 89% and 92%, respectively. Bone scans had a negative predictive value of 99%, although positive predictive value was 53%. Four patients with distant bone metastases had concordant true positive bone scan and PET.

Conclusion

Primary, recurrent, and/or extracranial metastatic PPB presents with an FDG‐avid lesion on PET imaging. Additional prospective studies are needed to fully assess the utility of nuclear medicine imaging in surveillance for patients with advanced PPB.
Assessment of proxy‐reported responses as predictors of motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy in children with B‐lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Rodwin Rozalyn L. , DelRocco Natalie J. , Hibbitts Emily , Devidas Meenakshi , Whitley Moira K. , Mohrmann Caroline E. , Schore Reuven J. , Raetz Elizabeth , Winick Naomi J. , Hunger Stephen P. , Loh Mignon L. , Hockenberry Marilyn J. , Ma Xiaomei , Angiolillo Anne L. , Ness Kirsten K. , Kairalla John A. , Kadan‐Lottick Nina S.
Published: August 2023

Chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a common condition in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, can be challenging to diagnose. Using data from Children's Oncology Group AALL0932 physical function study, we sought to determine if parent/guardian proxy‐reported responses from the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument could identify children with motor or sensory CIPN diagnosed by physical/occupational therapists (PT/OT). Four variables moderately discriminated between children with and without motor CIPN (c‐index 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64–0.84), but sensory and optimism‐corrected models had weak discrimination (c‐index sensory models 0.65, 95% CI: 0.54–0.74). New proxy‐report measures are needed to identify children with PT/OT diagnosed CIPN.
Transitional affordances: A longitudinal mixed‐method study on the context and effects of changing mode of online access
Authors: Correa Teresa , Pavez Isabel , Farías Catalina , Henzi Camila
Published: August 2023

As mobile‐only use has increased over the last decade, research has found that mode of online access (mobile‐only vs. mobile and computer use) is related to digital inequalities. Relying on the literature on affordances and digital inclusion, this study seeks to: (1) examine the effects of mode of access on the number of online activities, over time; and (2) understand how the context of transitioning between modes of access shape how people perceive technologies. We conducted a 3‐year mixed‐methods longitudinal study. First, we ran a two‐wave representative panel survey in Chile (N = 512). People who became hybrid users increased their activities, whereas those who became mobile‐only decreased them. Then, we interviewed a subsample of people who switched mode of access between waves (N = 22). We found that people's relation with devices and their choices evolve over time according to their shifting needs and contexts. These results point to users’ agency and the relevance of the concept of affordances. Thus, we propose the concept of transitional affordances to explain how users’ perceptions, experiences, and ability to compare between mode of access shape their relation, engagement, and perceived affordances of technologies.
Reciprocity and asymmetry in digital diplomacy: Geopolitics of national identity in South Korea–Japan and South Korea–US relations
Authors: Lee Kyungsun Karen , Shahin Saif
Published: August 2023

An emerging line of research has drawn attention to the significance of national identity in shaping digital diplomatic practices. In this study, we look at the reciprocal construction of national identity on Twitter by corresponding foreign missions. Specifically, we examine one year of Twitter posts from the South Korean missions in Japan and the United States as well as the reciprocal missions of Japan and the United States in South Korea. Our study indicates that tweets from the Korea–US dyad reproduce the two nations as allies, even as the United States is constructed as the “big brother” to Korea's “little brother,” while the Korea–Japan dyad enacts and reinforces an adversarial relationship. Tweets from all four embassies reflect deep‐rooted national aspirations: Japan's hope to be accepted as morally superior to Korea, the US interest in maintaining its position as a global leader, and Korea's desire for international ascendance through economic and cultural export. We find that reciprocal identity construction is most evident in the text of the tweets but not so much in the use of Twitter's visual and interactional features. Going beyond reciprocity, our analysis sheds light on to how tweeting practices reproduce asymmetries of power in the international order.
Tuning material properties of covalent adaptable networks containing boronate‐TetraAzaADamantane bonds through systematic variation in electron density of ring substituents
Authors: van Hurne Simon , Buijsen Thomas J. M. , Smulders Maarten M. J.
Published: August 2023

An outstanding challenge in modern society remains how to make crosslinked polymers (thermosets) more recyclable. A breakthrough solution to this challenge has been the introduction of dynamic covalent bonds in polymer networks, yielding covalent adaptable networks (CANs). Ongoing research is focused on finding new suitable dynamic covalent chemistries and on how to tune the material properties of CANs derived from these new chemistries. Here, we first compare two different dynamic boronic acid based covalent adaptable networks, namely, a conventional boronate‐diol and a novel boronate‐TetraAzaADamantane (TAAD) system. We show that incorporating boronate‐TAAD bonds in networks results in stiffer materials, as seen in a slower relaxation and higher shear and storage moduli. This offers access to more mechanically robust boronate‐based materials, compared to conventional boronate‐based gels. Next, we investigate the effect of molecular tuning via the electron density of meta‐positioned ring substituents on the macroscopic material properties for the boronate‐TAAD network. By comparing relaxation experiments on materials with different substituents, we show that the macroscopic network relaxation can be tuned through the Hammett parameter of the meta‐substituent and the activation energy of the boronate‐TAAD exchange. This enables subtle control over the (dynamic) material properties of these novel, robust boronate‐based networks.
Side‐chain engineering of supramonomers enables tailorable cross‐linked supramolecular polyureas
Authors: Lai Weiheng , Qin Bo , Xu Jiang‐Fei , Zhang Xi
Published: August 2023

The integration of tailorable mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and reprocessability is of significance in the design of sustainable polymer materials. Herein, side‐chain engineering is employed to fabricate cross‐linked supramolecular polymers with customizable mechanical properties. Three kinds of side chains, including methyl, 1‐ethyl pentyl, and 1‐hexyl nonyl, are used to modify the supramonomers. Through the copolymerization of low‐content supramonomers and covalent monomers, cross‐linked supramolecular polyureas with a wide range of mechanical properties spanning from rigid plastics to elastic materials are successfully constructed. Specifically, the Young's modulus can be adjusted from 525 to 128 MPa by tuning the side chain of supramonomers from methyl to 1‐hexyl nonyl. Meanwhile, the materials still retain exceptional recyclability and solvent resistance. Even after seven generations of recycling processes, the reprocessed cross‐linked supramolecular polyureas maintain over 95% of their original mechanical properties. It is anticipated that side‐chain engineering is a facile method for designing customized polymer materials to achieve both tailored mechanical properties and desirable functions.
A rural‐centric model for understanding women's later life precarity in an agrarian economy in Uganda
Authors: Nagaddya Teddy
Published: August 2023

Aging as a woman within the context of agricultural transformation where production and consumption values shape everyday life raises concerns of later life precarity. Gender economic inclusion is imperative in the achievement of inclusive rural development. But there is a tendency to homogenize female experiences of poverty based on gender and class, ignoring the impact of global economic and social changes on Uganda's rural economy and the elderly. Furthermore, in the agrarian context, precarity hinges on gender images of a desirable agricultural worker and neoliberal policies that exacerbate vulnerabilities of elderly women already living on the economic margins of global capitalism. Drawing on rural‐dwelling older women's narratives, this article reveals that precarity in an environment of agrarian capitalism is a product of conflict between the desire to maintain relationships of reciprocity and engagement in production. In this article, a five‐tier rural‐centric model relevant to conceptualizing risk factors to precarity is proposed. The model is influenced by the Bourdieusian theory of capital and Gudeman's economy theory. The model provides an opportunity to re‐imagine and situate older women's later life precarity within the wider sociopolitical and economic context, and consequently design appropriate social protection initiatives.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting osteoporosis in prostate cancer patients: A cross‐sectional study from China
Authors: Wu Shangrong , Ma Xudong , Liang Zhengxin , Jiang Yuchen , Chen Shuaiqi , Sun Guangyu , Chen Kaifei , Liu Ranlu
Published: August 2023

Background

The specific risk factors contributing to the development of osteoporosis and the appropriate timing of treatment in Chinese prostate cancer (PCa) patients remain unclear. Our objective was to develop and validate a nomogram capable of predicting the occurrence of osteoporosis in PCa patients.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study with PCa patients attending the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, collecting data from June 2021 to February 2023. The patients were divided into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. The LASSO regression was used to identify the most relevant predictive variables, and the multivariable logistic regression was used to construct the nomogram. The nomogram's performance was validated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, C‐index, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) in both the training and validation sets.

Results

We collected data from a total of 596 patients and then constructed the nomogram using age, body mass index, hemoglobin, vitamin D3, testosterone, and androgen deprivation therapy duration. The C‐index of the nomogram was 0.923 in the training set and 0.859 in the validation set. The nomogram showed good consistency in both sets. DCA demonstrated the clinical benefit of the nomogram across various prediction thresholds. Furthermore, a separate nomogram was constructed to predict bone loss in patients undergoing ADT, exhibiting equally favorable diagnostic performance and clinical benefit.

Conclusion

This study constructed two reliable nomograms to predict osteoporosis and bone loss, integrating personal health information and PCa‐specific treatment data. These nomograms offer an easy and individualized approach to predict the occurrence of osteoporosis and bone loss in PCa patients.
Discovery of novel thiazolyl anthranilic diamide derivatives as insecticidal candidates
Authors: Yang Shuai , Tang Jiahong , Peng Hongxiang , Pu Chunmei , Fan Shuting , Zhao Chen , Xu Hanhong
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Agricultural pests have caused huge losses in agricultural production and threaten global food security. Synthetic insecticides remain the major control method. However, with the rapid development of pest resistance and the increasingly stringent regulations on pesticide usage, the development of efficient insecticides with novel structures is particularly urgent.

RESULTS

Twenty‐six novel anthranilic diamide derivatives containing the thiazole moiety were designed based on the scaffold hopping strategy. Bioassay results indicated that compound 6e exhibited excellent insecticidal activity against a susceptible strain of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.65 mg L−1, which was similar to chlorantraniliprole (LC50 = 0.53 mg L−1). Compound 6e showed marginally lower (LC50 = 50.45 mg L−1) insecticidal activity than chlorantraniliprole (LC50 = 31.98 mg L−1) on chlorantraniliprole‐resistant P. xylostella larvae, suggesting a cross‐resistance of compound 6e with chlorantraniliprole (resistance ratios, 77.6‐fold and 60.3‐fold, respectively). Compound 6e also showed good insecticidal activity against fall armyworm and beet armyworm with pest mortalities of 74% and 64%, respectively, at 5 mg L−1 concentration. In addition, compounds 6e and 12a showed delayed toxicity against red imported fire ant with mortality rates of 84% and 85% (respectively) after 5 days of treatment at 1.0 mg L−1, which were superior to that of chlorantraniliprole.

CONCLUSION

The introduction of thiazole into anthranilic diamide scaffolds resulted in insecticidal leads 6e and 12a with excellent insecticidal activities and potential application in controlling red imported fire ants. The work also guides the discovery of insecticidal molecules with thiazole‐containing anthranilic diamide scaffold. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mechanical, electronic, and optoelectronic properties of RE3+MoN3 (RE3+ = La, Ce, Nd, Pr, Sm) perovskites
Authors: Sohail Amir , Muhammad Raz , Khesro Amir , Somaily Hamoud H. , Shafiullah Muhammad , Haq Saeed Ul , Laref Amel , Faizan Muhammad , Song Kaixin , Wang Dawei
Published: August 2023

The electronic structure, mechanical, and optical properties of RE3+MoN3 (RE3+ = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm) perovskites were calculated by the Full Potential method (FP‐LAPW) based on density functional theory. The unit cell structure (space group ) was optimized using the PBE‐GGA functional. Furthermore, the calculated tolerance factor is found in the permissible range for a cubic perovskite. Elastic properties of these compounds confirm the mechanical stability, anisotropic, ductile, metallic, stiffer, and rigid nature. The electronic structure calculations were then performed using the mBJ functional followed by hybrid functional & Hubbard correction U. The electron charge density plots revealed ionic and covalent bonding in RE3+MoN3. The total density of states and band structure calculations display metallic behavior for the RE3+MoN3 compounds. Maximum refractive index (4.8), reflectivity (.72), and optical conductivity (8.21) were obtained for LaMoN3 perovskites. Different optical properties have been calculated; therefore, we anticipate the identification of highly useful optoelectronic applications.
Dynamic event‐triggered‐based anti‐disturbance control for uncertain LPV systems
Authors: Gao Yuxuan , Zhao Ying , Sang Hong , Yu Shuanghe , Yan Yan
Published: August 2023

This investigation proposes a dynamic event‐triggered‐based anti‐disturbance control technique for the uncertain linear parameter varying (LPV) systems subject to multiple disturbances. First, an observer is constructed to capture the unavailable modeled disturbances. Then, a feedback controller is proposed. Further, sufficient conditions are presented for the uncertain LPV systems to achieve the multiple disturbances suppression and communication transmission resources saving. In the end, the reasonability of the proposed control scheme is verified by an example of a turbofan.
A threshold longitudinal Tobit quantile regression model for identification of treatment‐sensitive subgroups based on interval‐bounded longitudinal measurements and a continuous covariate
Authors: Wang Zhanfeng , Li Tao , Xiao Liqun , Tu Dongsheng
Published: August 2023

Identification of a subgroup of patients who may be sensitive to a specific treatment is an important problem in precision medicine. This article considers the case where the treatment effect is assessed by longitudinal measurements, such as quality of life scores assessed over the duration of a clinical trial, and the subset is determined by a continuous baseline covariate, such as age and expression level of a biomarker. Recently, a linear mixed threshold regression model has been proposed but it assumes the longitudinal measurements are normally distributed. In many applications, longitudinal measurements, such as quality of life data obtained from answers to questions on a Likert scale, may be restricted in a fixed interval because of the floor and ceiling effects and, therefore, may be skewed. In this article, a threshold longitudinal Tobit quantile regression model is proposed and a computational approach based on alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm is developed for the estimation of parameters in the model. In addition, a random weighting method is employed to estimate the variances of the parameter estimators. The proposed procedures are evaluated through simulation studies and applications to the data from clinical trials.
Bis‐Dianionic β‐Ketoiminato Octalithium Complex Catalyzed Hydrosilylation and Cyanosilylation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Zhu Xu , Zhou Shuai , Xu Xiaojuan , Zheng Yu , Xue Mingqiang
Published: August 2023

A well‐defined bis‐dianionic β‐ketoiminato octalithium complex was employed as an efficient catalyst for the hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones. Various corresponding alcohols were obtained in high yields with functional group tolerance. In addition, the catalytic system can also be applied to the cyanosilylation of a broad range of aldehydes and ketones with down to 0.05 mol % catalyst loadings.
Stress and stressors experienced by the parents of high‐risk neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit: Systematic review and meta‐analysis evidence available from India
Authors: Siva N. , Phagdol Tenzin , S. Nayak Baby , Glane Mathias Edlin , Edward S. Lewis Leslie , Velayudhan Binil , Shankar N. Ravi , D’Souza Preethy
Published: August 2023

The aim of the systematic review and meta‐analysis is to determine the stress and stressors experienced by the parents of high‐risk neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in India. We included both quantitative and qualitative studies. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist and Critical Appraisal Skill Programme checklist were used to assess the quality of included studies. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, ProQuest, Microsoft Academic, DOAJ, Indian Citation Index, and J‐Gate to identify relevant studies. Additionally, online hand searching was performed on Indian websites of relevant institutions, women and child health departments, repositories, registries, and paediatric journals. Twelve of the 21 quantitative studies found that maternal stress was higher than fathers due to the separation from their babies and the medical condition of the neonate. One qualitative study reported that financial burden, alterations in the parenting role, and concern over domestic issues are significant causes of fathers' stress. A meta‐analysis of the included studies assessed the prevalence of maternal, paternal, and parental stress and reported that mothers experienced higher stress levels than fathers across all subscales. The most typical stressors for parents were changes in neonatal looks, behaviour, and altered parental roles. Beyond the immediate NICU care and interactions, other triggering factors of stress among parents must be considered to design multicomponent interventions in a local (Indian) context. Moreover, parental psychological support and regular counselling can be incorporated into the standard neonatal intensive care policy.
Exceedingly Small Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for T1‐Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Imaging‐Guided Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Yang Jing , Feng Jie , Yang Sugeun , Xu Yikai , Shen Zheyu
Published: August 2023

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) based T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) are liver‐specific with good biocompatibility, but have been withdrawn from the market and replaced with Eovist (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA) due to their inherent limitations (e.g., susceptibility to artifacts, high magnetic moment, dark signals, long processing time of T2 imaging, and long waiting time for patients after administration). Without the disadvantages of Gd‐chelates and MIONs, the recently emerging exceedingly small MIONs (ES‐MIONs) (<5 nm) are promising T1 CAs for MRI. However, there are rare review articles focusing on ES‐MIONs for T1‐weighted MRI. Herein, the recent progress of ES‐MIONs, including synthesis methods (the current basic synthesis methods and improved methods), surface modifications (artificial polymers, natural polymers, zwitterions, and functional protein), T1‐MRI visual strategies (structural remodeling, reversible self‐assemblies, metal ions doped, T1/T2 dual imaging modes, and PET/MRI strategy), and imaging‐guided cancer therapy (chemotherapy, gene therapy, ferroptosis therapy, photothermal therapy, photodymatic therapy, radiotherapy, immuotherapy, sonodynamic therapy, and multimode therapy), is summarized. The detailed description of synthesis methods and applications of ES‐MIONs in this review is anticipated to attract extensive interest from researchers in different fields and promote their participation in the establishment of ES‐MIONs based nanoplatforms for tumor theranostics.
Cross‐Scale Topography Achieved by MOPL with Positive Photoresist to Regulate the Cell Behavior
Authors: Guo Min , Liu Xiang‐Yang , Li Teng , Duan Qi , Dong Xian‐Zi , Liu Jie , Jin Feng , Zheng Mei‐Ling
Published: August 2023

Cross‐scale micro‐nano structures play an important role in semiconductors, MEMS, chemistry, and cell biology. Positive photoresist is widely used in lithography due to the advantages of high resolution and environmental friendliness. However, cross‐scale micro‐nano structures of positive photoresist are difficult to flexibly pattern, and the feature resolution is limited by the optical diffraction. Here, cross‐scale patterned micro‐nano structures are achieved using the positive photoresist based on the femtosecond laser maskless optical projection lithography (MOPL) technique. The dependence between exposure dose and groove width is comprehensively analyzed, and a feature size of 112 nm is obtained at 110 µW. Furthermore, large‐area topography considering cell size is efficiently fabricated by the MOPL technique, which enables the regulation of cell behavior. The proposed protocol of achieving cross‐scale structures with the exact size by MOPL of positive photoresist would provide new avenues for potential applications in nanoelectronics and tissue engineering.
Universal Synthesis of Half‐Metallic Diatomic Catalysts for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yao Yuechao , Jiang Tao , Lim Sung Yul , Frandsen Cathrine , Li Zhangjian , Dou Yibo , Wu Feiyan , Qin Jibo , Zou Jizhao , Stamate Eugen , Zhang Wenjing
Published: August 2023

Developing efficient and low‐cost noble‐free metal electrocatalysts is an urgent requirement. Herein, a one‐step, solid‐state template‐assisted method for fabricating isolated half‐metallic diatomic M, Zn─N─C (M═Fe, Co, and Ni) catalysts is reported. In particular, the fabricated Fe, Zn─N─C structure exhibits superior oxygen reduction reaction capabilities with a half‐wave potential of 0.867 V versus RHE. The Mossbauer spectra reveal that the Fe, Zn─N─C half‐metallic diatomic catalyst has a large proportion of the D2 site (ferrous iron with a medium spin state). Density functional theory (DFT) reveals that in Fe, Zn─N─C structures, the zinc sites play a unique role in accelerating the protonation process of O2 in ORR. In assembled zinc–air batteries, a maximum power density of 138 mW cm−2 and a capacity of 748 mAh g zn−1 can be obtained. This work fabricates a series of efficient M, Zn─N─C diatomic electrocatalysts, and the developed solid‐state reaction method can hopefully apply in other energy conversion and storage fields.
Surface‐Mediated Charge Transfer of Photogenerated Carriers in Diamond
Authors: Chemin Arsène , Levine Igal , Rusu Marin , Vaujour Rémi , Knittel Peter , Reinke Philipp , Hinrichs Karsten , Unold Thomas , Dittrich Thomas , Petit Tristan
Published: August 2023

Solvated electrons are highly reductive chemical species whose chemical properties remain largely unknown. Diamond materials are proposed as a promising emitter of solvated electrons and visible light excitation would enable solar‐driven CO2 or N2 reductions reactions in aqueous medium. But sub‐bandgap excitation remains challenging. In this work, the role of surface states on diamond materials for charge separation and emission in both gaseous and aqueous environments from deep UV to visible light excitation is elucidated. Four different X‐ray and UV–vis spectroscopy methods are applied to diamond materials with different surface termination, doping and crystallinity. Surface states are found to dominate sub‐bandgap charge transfer. However, the surface charge separation is drastically reduced for boron‐doped diamond due to a very high density of bulk defects. In a gaseous atmosphere, the oxidized diamond surface maintains a negative electron affinity, allowing charge emission, due to remaining hydrogenated and hydroxylated groups. In an aqueous electrolyte, a photocurrent for illumination down to 3.5 eV is observed for boron‐doped nanostructured diamond, independent of the surface termination. This study opens new perspectives on photo‐induced interfacial charge transfer processes from metal‐free semiconductors such as diamonds.