bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consensus Problems in Multiagent Systems with Event‐Triggered Dynamic Quantizers
Authors: Luo Changgeng , Wang Xinsheng , Ren Yu
Published: April 2014

Considering the constrained communication data rate and compute capability that commonly exists in multiagent systems, this paper modifies a current consensus strategy by introducing a kind of dynamic quantizer in both state feedback and control input and updates dynamic quantizers by employing event‐triggered strategies, thus forming a new quantitative consensus strategy. The numerical simulation example is built for state quantization and the results show the consistency with expectation.
Expression Data Analysis to Identify Biomarkers Associated with Asthma in Children
Authors: Xu Wen
Published: March 2014

Asthma is characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. It is usually caused by a combination of complex and incompletely understood environmental and genetic interactions. We obtained gene expression data with high-throughput screening and identified biomarkers of children's asthma using bioinformatics tools. Next, we explained the pathogenesis of children's asthma from the perspective of gene regulatory networks: DAVID was applied to perform Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enriching analysis for the top 3000 pairs of relationships in differentially regulatory network. Finally, we found that HAND1, PTK1, NFKB1, ZIC3, STAT6, E2F1, PELP1, USF2, and CBFB may play important roles in children's asthma initiation. On account of regulatory impact factor (RIF) score, HAND1, PTK7, and ZIC3 were the potential asthma-related factors. Our study provided some foundations of a strategy for biomarker discovery despite a poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying children's asthma.
Prolactin and Psychopathology in Schizophrenia: A Literature Review and Reappraisal
Authors: Rajkumar Ravi Philip
Published: March 2014

Secretion of the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin can be significantly increased by antipsychotic drugs, leading to a range of adverse effects in patients with schizophrenia. However, there is evidence from a variety of studies that prolactin may also be related to symptom profile and treatment response in these patients, and recent work has identified variations in prolactin secretion even in drug-free patients. In this paper, a selective review of all relevant studies pertaining to prolactin and schizophrenia, including challenge and provocation studies, is presented. The implications of this work are discussed critically. A tentative model, which synthesizes these findings and argues for a significant role for prolactin in the development of schizophrenia, is outlined.
L0-Linear Modulus of a Random Linear Operator
Authors: Liu Ming , Zhang Xia
Published: March 2014

We prove that there exists a uniqueL0-linear modulus for an a.s. bounded random linear operator on a specifical random normed module, which generalizes the classical case.
Comparative Study of Modified Quantitative Buffy Coat and Two Rapid Tests in Comparison with Peripheral Blood Smear in Malaria Diagnosis in Mumbai, India
Authors: Kocharekar Manali M. , Sarkar Sougat S. , Dasgupta Debjani
Published: March 2014

In order to identify a quick and reliable technique for accurate diagnosis of malaria, study of the efficiency of the tests such as Parahit total (HRPII & aldolase Ag), Advantage mal card (parasite specific LDH), and modified QBC was done in comparison with conventional blood smear microscopy. One hundred patients infected withP. vivaxand 101 infected withP. falciparumwere included in this study. The sensitivity of Parahit total, Advantage mal card, and modified QBC forP. falciparumdetection was 70.3, 95%, and 98%, and specificity was 98%, 98%, and 96%, respectively. The sensitivity of Parahit total, Advantage mal card, and modified QBC forP. vivaxdetection was 73%, 97.0%, and 98%, respectively, and specificity of all the tests was 98%. On day 15, in falciparum arm, Advantage mal card and Parahit total showed 8 (7.92%) and 59 (58.41%) false positives. On day 15, in vivax arm, Parahit total revealed 52% false positives. The study indicated that modified QBC could be only used where appropriate facilities are available. Advantage mal card was a better follow-up tool than Parahit total.
Pathogenesis and Nomenclature of Odontogenic Carcinomas: Revisited
Authors: Panda Swagatika , Sahoo Sujit Ranjan , Srivastav Gunjan , Padhiary Subrat , Dhull Kanika Singh , Aggarwal Sonia
Published: March 2014

Odontogenic carcinoma is rare group of malignant epithelial odontogenic neoplasms with characteristic clinical behavior and histological features, which requires an aggressive surgical approach. The pathogenesis of this rare group remains still controversial and there have been many varied opinions over the classification of this rare group of lesions. As there have not been many reviews on odontogenic carcinoma, the existing knowledge is mostly derived from the published case reports. This review is discussing the pathogenetic mechanisms and is updating the knowledge on nomenclature system of less explored odontogenic carcinomas. This review might throw light on the pathogenesis and nomenclature system of odontogenic carcinoma and this knowledge may be applied therapeutically.
Navier-Stokes Equation and Computational Scheme for Non-Newtonian Debris Flow
Authors: Licata Ignazio , Benedetto Elmo
Published: March 2014

This paper proposes a computational approach to debris flow model. In recent years, the theoretical activity on the classical Herschel-Bulkley model (1926) has been very intense, but it was in the early 80s that the opportunity to explore the computational model has enabled considerable progress in identifying the subclasses of applicability of different sets of boundary conditions and their approximations. Here we investigate analytically the problem of the simulation of uniform motion for heterogeneous debris flow laterally confined taking into account mainly the geological data and methodological suggestions derived from simulation with cellular automata and grid systems, in order to propose a computational scheme able to operate a compromise between “global” predictive capacities and computing effort.
Time-Lapse Dynamics of the Mouse Oocyte Chromatin Organisation during Meiotic Resumption
Authors: Belli Martina , Vigone Giulia , Merico Valeria , Redi Carlo Alberto , Garagna Silvia , Zuccotti Maurizio
Published: March 2014

In the mammalian oocyte, distinct patterns of centromeres and pericentromeric heterochromatin localisation correlate with the gamete’s developmental competence. Mouse antral oocytes display two main types of chromatin organisation: SN oocytes, with a ring of Hoechst-positive chromatin surrounding the nucleolus, and NSN oocytes lacking this ring. When matured to MII and fertilised, only SN oocytes develop beyond the 2-cell, and reach full term. To give detailed information on the dynamics of the SN or NSN chromatin during meiosis resumption, we performed a 9 hr time-lapse observation. The main significant differences recorded are: (1) reduction of the nuclear area only in SN oocytes; (2) ~17 min delay of GVBD in NSN oocytes; (3) chromatin condensation, after GVBD, in SN oocytes; (4) formation of 4-5 CHCs in SN oocytes; (5) increase of the perivitelline space, ~57 min later in NSN oocytes; (6) formation of a rosette-like disposition of CHCs, ~84 min later in SN oocytes; (7) appearance of the MI plate ~40 min later in NSN oocytes. Overall, we described a pathway of transition from the GV to the MII stage that is punctuated of discrete recordable events showing their specificity and occurring with different time kinetics in the two types of oocytes.
A Paradoxical Chemoresistance and Tumor Suppressive Role of Antioxidant in Solid Cancer Cells: A Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
Authors: Kwee Jolie Kiemlian
Published: April 2014

Modulation of intracellular antioxidant concentration is a double-edged sword, with both sides exploited for potential therapeutic benefits. While antioxidants may hamper the efficacy of chemotherapy by scavenging reactive oxygen species and free radicals, it is also possible that antioxidants alleviate unwanted chemotherapy-induced toxicity, thus allowing for increased chemotherapy doses. Under normoxic environment, antioxidants neutralize toxic oxidants, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), maintaining them within narrow boundaries level. This redox balance is achieved by various scavenging systems such as enzymatic system (e.g., superoxide dismutases, catalase, and peroxiredoxins), nonenzymatic systems (e.g., glutathione, cysteine, and thioredoxin), and metal-binding proteins (e.g., ferritin, metallothionein, and ceruloplasmin) that sequester prooxidant metals inhibiting their participation in redox reactions. On the other hand, therapeutic strategies that promote oxidative stress and eventually tumor cells apoptosis have been explored based on availability of chemotherapy agents that inhibit ROS-scavenging systems. These contradictory assertions suggest that antioxidant supplementation during chemotherapy treatment can have varied outcomes depending on the tumor cellular context. Therefore, understanding the antioxidant-driven molecular pathways might be crucial to design new therapeutic strategies to fight cancer progression.
2-Pentanone Production from Hexanoic Acid byPenicillium roquefortifrom Blue Cheese: Is This the Pathway Used in Humans?
Authors: Walker Valerie , Mills Graham A.
Published: March 2014

Production of 2-pentanone, a methylketone, is increased in fasting ketotic humans. Its origin is unknown. We hypothesised that it is formed viaβ-oxidation of hexanoic acid by the peroxisomal pathway proposed for methylketone-producing fungi and yeasts. We usedPenicillium roqueforticultured on fat (margarine) to investigate 2-pentanone production. Headspace gas of incubates of the mould with a range of substrates was analysed using solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Consistent with the proposed pathway, 2-pentanone was formed from hexanoic acid, hexanoyl-CoA, hexanoylcarnitine, and ethyl-3-oxohexanoic acid but not from ethylhexanoic, 2-ethylhexanoic, octanoic, or myristic acids, octanoylcarnitine, or pentane. However, the products from deuterated (D) hexanoic-D11acid and hexanoic-2, 2-D2acid were 9D- and 2D-2-pentanone, respectively, and not 8D- and 1D-2-pentanone as predicted. When incubated under18O2/14N2, there was only a very small enrichment of [16O2]- with [18O2]-containing 2-pentanone. These are new observations. They could be explained if hydrogen ions removed from hexanoyl-CoA by acyl-CoA oxidase at the commencement ofβ-oxidation were cycled through hydrogen peroxide and reentered the pathway through hydration of hexenoyl-CoA. This would protect other proteins from oxidative damage. Formation of 2-pentanone through aβ-oxidation cycle similar toPenicillium roquefortiwould be consistent with observations in humans.
Design and Optimization of Capacitated Supply Chain Networks Including Quality Measures
Authors: Castillo-Villar Krystel K. , Smith Neale R. , Herbert-Acero José F.
Published: March 2014

This paper presents (1) a novel capacitated model for supply chain network design which considers manufacturing, distribution, and quality costs (named SCND‐COQ model) and (2) five combinatorial optimization methods, based on nonlinear optimization, heuristic, and metaheuristic approaches, which are used to solve realistic instances of practical size. The SCND‐COQ model is a mixed‐integer nonlinear problem which can be used at a strategic planning level to design a supply chain network that maximizes the total profit subject to meeting an overall quality level of the final product at minimum costs. The SCND‐COQ model computes the quality‐related costs for the whole supply chain network considering the interdependencies among business entities. The effectiveness of the proposed solution approaches is shown using numerical experiments. These methods allow solving more realistic (capacitated) supply chain network design problems including quality‐related costs (inspections, rework, opportunity costs, and others) within a reasonable computational time.
Long-Term Effect of Interactive Online Dietician Weight Loss Advice in General Practice (LIVA) Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Brandt Carl J. , Brandt Vibeke , Pedersen Mathilde , Glintborg Dorte , Toubro Søren , Nielsen Jesper Bo , Eysenbach Gunther , Brandt Kirsten , Søndergaard Jens
Published: March 2014

Background. Internet-based complex interventions aiming to promote weight loss and optimize healthy behaviors have attracted much attention. However, evidence for effect is lacking. Obesity is a growing problem, resulting in an increasing demand for cost efficient weight loss programs suitable for use on a large scale, for example, as part of standard primary care. In a previous pilot project by Brandt et al. (2011) without a control group, we examined the effects of online dietician counseling and found an average weight loss of 7.0 kg (95% CI: 4.6 to 9.3 kg) after 20 months. Aims and Methods. To analyze the effects of a complex intervention using trained dieticians in a general practice setting combined with internet-based interactive and personalized weight management support compared with conventional advice with a noninteractive internet support as placebo treatment in 340 overweight patients during a 2-year period. Primary endpoints are weight loss and lowering of cholesterol (LDL). We will also explore patients’ sociodemographics and use of the intervention as well as the health professionals’ views and perceptions of the intervention (their role and the advice and support that they provide). Perspective. The project will generate knowledge on the cost-effectiveness of a complex internet-based intervention in a general practice setting and on barriers and acceptability among professionals and patients.
Interleukin-17A Exacerbates Ferric Chloride-Induced Arterial Thrombosis in Rat Carotid Artery
Authors: Maione Francesco , Parisi Antonio , Caiazzo Elisabetta , Morello Silvana , D'Acquisto Fulvio , Mascolo Nicola , Cicala Carla
Published: April 2014

Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), the most widely studied member of the IL-17 cytokine family, is a cytokine which emerged to be critical for host defense as well as in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Moreover, IL-17A is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndrome and in the cardiovascular risk associated with systemic immunological disorders. Consistent with this, we have recently shown that IL-17A increases human and murine platelet response to ADP. In this study we expanded our previous observation and we describe for the first time anin vivoprothrombotic effect of the cytokine. Our results show that IL-17A is synergic with a low FeCl3concentration in inducing carotid thrombus in rats and suggest that the effect is likely related to a downregulation of CD39 vascular expression and hydrolyzing activity. Our findings indicate that IL-17A might be an important molecule at the interface between hemostasis and inflammation.
Simultaneous Estimation of Paracetamol, Ambroxol Hydrochloride, Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride, and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride in Combined Tablet Formulation by First-Order Derivative Spectrophotometry
Authors: Anandakumar K. , Veerasundari P.
Published: March 2014

Paracetamol, ambroxol hydrochloride, levocetirizine dihydrochloride, and phenylephrine hydrochloride are used in combination for the treatment of chronic sinusitis, rhinitis, fever, nasal discharge, sore throat, and wheezing. The present work deals with method development for simultaneous estimation of paracetamol, ambroxol hydrochloride, levocetirizine dihydrochloride, and phenylephrine hydrochloride in tablet formulation by first-order derivative spectrosphotometry. For determination of sampling wavelength, 10 μg/mL of each of paracetamol, ambroxol hydrochloride, levocetirizine dihydrochloride, and phenylephrine hydrochloride was scanned in 200–400 nm ranges and sampling wavelengths were found to be 305.5 nm for paracetamol, 321 nm for ambroxol hydrochloride, 244 nm for levocetirizine dihydrochloride, and 280 nm for phenylephrine hydrochloride in first-order derivative spectrophotometry. In this method, linearity was observed in the ranges of 20–140 μg/mL for paracetamol and 10–70 μg/mL for ambroxol hydrochloride, levocetirizine dihydrochloride, and phenylephrine hydrochloride. The % recovery was within the range between 98 and 102%, and % relative standard deviation for precision and accuracy of the method was found to be less than 2%. The method is validated as per International Conference on Harmonization Guidelines. The method can be successfully applied for the simultaneous analysis of these drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Management in the Thai Population, National Health Examination Survey IV, 2009
Authors: Aekplakorn Wichai , Taneepanichskul Surasak , Kessomboon Pattapong , Chongsuvivatwong Virasakdi , Putwatana Panwadee , Sritara Piyamitr , Sangwatanaroj Somkiat , Chariyalertsak Suwat
Published: March 2014

This study determined the prevalence and management of dyslipidemia in Thai adults using data from the Thai National Health Examination Survey IV in 2009. Dyslipidemia was defined based on the Third Adult Treatment Panel guidelines. A total of 19,021 adults aged 20 yr and over were included. Mean (SE) levels of total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides were 206.4 (1.03), 46.9 (0.34), 128.7 (1.09), and 131.4 (2.20) mg/dL, respectively. Prevalence of high LDL-C, low HDL-C, and high triglycerides were 29.6 %, 47.1 %, and 38.6%, respectively. Compared with individuals in the north and northeast, residents in Bangkok and Central region had significant higher levels of LDL-C but lower level of HDL-C. Triglyceride level was the highest in the northeast residents. Overall, 66.5% of Thais had some forms of dyslipidemia. Awareness and treatment of high LDL-C among those with high LDL-C were 17.8% and 11.7%, respectively. Among individuals aware of high LDL-C, those at highest CHD risk compared with those at low risk had higher percentage of treatment (73.1% versus 51.7%, resp.) but lower percentage of control at goal (32.9% versus 76.4%, resp.). Various forms of dyslipidemia are common in Thai adults, with a low level of awareness and treatment of high LDL-C.
Perfluorocarbon Liquid: Its Application in Vitreoretinal Surgery and Related Ocular Inflammation
Authors: Yu Qi , Liu Kun , Su Li , Xia Xin , Xu Xun
Published: March 2014

The application of perfluorocarbon liquids has been well acclaimed in vitreoretinal surgery. Its unique physical properties make it an ideal intraoperative tool to improve the efficiency and safety of surgical procedures in complicated cases. The main functions of perfluorocarbon liquids in vitreoretinal surgery include relocating and fixing the detached retina, displacing the subretinal and subchoroidal to fluid anteriorly, revealing proliferative vitreous retinopathy (PVR) for further maneuvers, protecting the macula from exposure to chemicals with potential toxicity, and assisting the removal of foreign body. The related clinical applications include retinal detachment with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy, giant tear, diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and posterior dislocated crystalline and intraocular lenses. The application of perfluorocarbon liquids has been expended over the past fewer years. Several PFCLs related ocular inflammations have been observed inin vitrostudies, animal studies, and clinical follow-up. The complete removal of PFCLs is recommended at the end of the surgery in most cases.
Free Radicals and Antioxidant Status in Protein Energy Malnutrition
Authors: Khare M. , Mohanty C. , Das B. K. , Jyoti A. , Mukhopadhyay B. , Mishra S. P.
Published: March 2014

Background/Objectives. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidant and antioxidant status in children with different grades of Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM).Subjects/Methods. A total of two hundred fifty (250) children (age range: 6 months to 5 years) living in eastern UP, India, were recruited. One hundred and ninety-three (193) of these children had different grades of PEM (sixty-five (65) children belong to mild, sixty (60) to moderate, and sixty-eight (68) to severe group). Grading in group was done after standardization in weight and height measurements. Fifty-seven (57) children who are age and and sex matched, healthy, and well-nourished were recruited from the local community and used as controls after checking their protein status (clinical nutritional status) with height and weight standardization. Redox homeostasis was assessed using spectrophotometric/colorimetric methods.Results. In our study, erythrocyte glutathione (GSH), plasma Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD,EC 1.15.1.1), ceruloplasmin (Cp), and ascorbic acid were significantly (P<0.001) more decreased in children with malnutrition than controls. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC) were significantly (P<0.001) raised in cases as compared to controls.Conclusion. Stress is created as a result of PEM which is responsible for the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROSs). These ROSs will lead to membrane oxidation and thus an increase in lipid peroxidation byproducts such as MDA and protein oxidation byproducts such as PC mainly. Decrease in level of antioxidants suggests an increased defense against oxidant damage. Changes in oxidant and antioxidant levels may be responsible for grading in PEM.
Mutation Status and Immunoglobulin Gene Rearrangements in Patients from Northwest and Central Region of Spain with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: González-Gascón y Marín I. , Hernández J. A. , Martín A. , Alcoceba M. , Sarasquete M. E. , Rodríguez-Vicente A. , Heras C. , de las Heras N. , Fisac R. , García de Coca A. , de la Fuente I. , Hernández-Sánchez M. , Recio I. , Galende J. , Martín-Núñez G. , Alonso J. M. , Hernández-Rivas J. M. , González M.
Published: March 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and mutation status of the immunoglobulin heavy variable chain (IGHV) in a cohort of 224 patients from northwest and central region of Spain diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and to correlate it with cytogenetic abnormalities, overall survival (OS) and time to first treatment (TTFT). 125 patients had mutated IGHV, while 99 had unmutated IGHV. The most frequently used IGHV family was IGHV3, followed by IGHV1 and IGHV4. The regions IGHV3-30, IGHV1-69, IGHV3-23, and IGHV4-34 were the most commonly used. Only 3.1% of the patients belonged to the subfamily IGHV3-21 and we failed to demonstrate a worse clinical outcome in this subgroup. The IGHV4 family appeared more frequently with mutated pattern, similar to IGHV3-23 and IGHV3-74. By contrast, IGHV1-69 was expressed at a higher frequency in unmutated CLL patients. All the cases from IGHV3-11 and almost all from IGHV5-51 subfamily belonged to the group of unmutated CLL.
Fixed Point Theorems in Quaternion-Valued Metric Spaces
Authors: El-Sayed Ahmed Ahmed , Omran Saleh , Asad Abdalla J.
Published: March 2014

The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we introduce the concept of quaternion metric spaces which generalizes both real and complex metric spaces. Further, we establish some fixed point theorems in quaternion setting. Secondly, we prove a fixed point theorem in normal cone metric spaces for four self-maps satisfying a general contraction condition.
Essential Self-Adjointness of Anticommutative Operators
Authors: Takaesu Toshimitsu
Published: March 2014

The self-adjoint extensions of symmetric operators satisfying anticommutation relations are considered. It is proven that an anticommutative type of the Glimm-Jaffe-Nelson commutator theorem follows. Its application to an abstract Dirac operator is also considered.
Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment Display Reduced Auditory Event-Related Delta Oscillatory Responses
Authors: Kurt Pınar , Emek-Savaş Derya Durusu , Batum Kübra , Turp Bilge , Güntekin Bahar , Karşıdağ Sibel , Yener Görsev Gülmen
Published: March 2014

Background.Event-related oscillations (ERO) may provide a useful tool for the identification of cognitive deficits in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we investigate peak-to-peak amplitude of auditory event-related delta oscillations of MCI subjects.Method.The study included twenty-two consecutive patients with MCI recruited in neurology clinic and 21 age- and education-matched normal elderly controls. A classical auditory oddball paradigm was used in the experiments. EEG was recorded fromF3, Fz,F4,C3,Cz,C4,P3, Pz,P4,O1, Oz, andO2locations. The maximum peak-to-peak amplitudes for each subject’s averaged delta response (0.5–2.2 Hz) were measured.Results.The amplitudes between groups differed significantly at the frontal and mid-centroparietal locations. ANOVA on delta responses revealed a significant effect forgroups(F(1.41)= 4.84,P=0.033), indicating a larger delta response for healthy controls than MCI subjects. Post hoc comparisons revealed that peak-to-peak delta response was significantly larger for healthy controls than for MCI over electrode sitesF3, Fz,F4,Cz,C4, and Pz.Discussion.Event-related delta frequency band seems to be the most affected oscillatory response in cognitive impairment due to AD. Therefore, it deserves to be investigated as a candidate electrophysiological biomarker in further studies.
Exact Solutions and Conservation Laws of the Drinfel’d-Sokolov-Wilson System
Authors: Matjila Catherine , Muatjetjeja Ben , Khalique Chaudry Masood
Published: April 2014

We study the Drinfel'd-Sokolov-Wilson system, which was introduced as a model of water waves. Firstly we obtain exact solutions of this system using the(G′/G)-expansion method. In addition to exact solutions we also construct conservation laws for the underlying system using Noether's approach.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Water Entry Supercavity Influenced by Turbulent Drag-Reducing Additives
Authors: Jiang Chen-Xing , Li Feng-Chen
Published: April 2014

The configurational and dynamic characteristics of water entry supercavities influenced by turbulent drag-reducing additives were studied through supercavitating projectile approach, experimentally and numerically. The projectile was projected vertically into water and aqueous solution of CTAC with weight concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 ppm, respectively, using a pneumatic nail gun. The trajectories of the projectile and the supercavity configuration were recorded by a high-speed CCD camera. Besides, water entry supercavities in water and CTAC solution were numerically simulated based on unsteady RANS scheme, together with application of VOF multiphase model. The Cross viscosity model was adopted to represent the fluid property of CTAC solution. It was obtained that the numerical simulation results are in consistence with experimental data. Numerical and experimental results all show that the length and diameter of supercavity in drag-reducing solution are larger than those in water, and the drag coefficient is smaller than that in water; the maintaining time of supercavity is longer in solution as well. The surface tension plays an important role in maintaining the cavity. Turbulent drag-reducing additives have the potential in enhancement of supercavitation and drag reduction.
Numerical Solutions of Fifth and Sixth Order Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems by Daftardar Jafari Method
Authors: Ullah Inayat , Khan Hamid , Rahim M. T.
Published: March 2014

Fifth and sixth order boundary value problems are solved using Daftardar Jafari method (DJM). DJM is introduced by Daftardar-Gejji and Jafari (2006). The approach provides the solution in the form of a rapidly convergent series. The comparison among Daftardar Jafari method (DJM), Adomian decomposition method (ADM), homotopy perturbation method (HPM), variation iteration method (VIM), and the iterative method (ITM) are displayed in table form which shows the efficiency of DJM for the solution of fifth and sixth order BVPs.
An Analytical Solution for Acoustic Emission Source Location for Known P Wave Velocity System
Authors: Dong Longjun , Li Xibing , Xie Gongnan
Published: March 2014

This paper presents a three‐dimensional analytical solution for acoustic emission source location using time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements from N receivers, N⩾5. The nonlinear location equations for TDOA are simplified to linear equations, and the direct analytical solution is obtained by solving the linear equations. There are not calculations of square roots in solution equations. The method solved the problems of the existence and multiplicity of solutions induced by the calculations of square roots in existed close‐form methods. Simulations are included to study the algorithms′ performance and compare with the existing technique.
Induced Abortion and Associated Factors in Health Facilities of Guraghe Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Gezahegn , Hambisa Mitiku Teshome , Semahegn Agumasie
Published: March 2014

Unsafe abortion is one of the major medical and public health problems in developing countries including Ethiopia. However, there is a lack of up-to-date and reliable information on induced abortion distribution and its determinant factors in the country. This study was intended to assess induced abortion and associated factors in health facilities of Guraghe zone, Southern Ethiopia. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in eight health facilities in Guraghe zone. Client exit interview was conducted on 400 patients using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with induced abortion. Out of 400 women, 75.5% responded that the current pregnancy that ended in abortion is unwanted. However, only 12.3% of the respondents have admitted interference to the current pregnancy. Having more than four pregnancies (AOR = 4.28, CI: (1.24–14.71)), age of 30–34 years (AOR = 0.15, CI: (0.04–0.55)), primary education (AOR = 0.26, CI: (0.13–0.88)), and wanted pregnancy (AOR = 0.44, CI: (0.14–0.65)) were found to have association with induced abortion. The study revealed high level of induced abortion which is underpinned by high magnitude of unwanted pregnancy. There is requirement for widespread expansion of increased access to high quality family planning service and post-abortion care.
Estimation of Different Performance Parameters of Slotted Microstrip Antennas with Air-Gap Using Neural Networks
Authors: Khan Taimoor , De Asok
Published: March 2014

Over the past decade, artificial neural networks have emerged as fast computational medium for predicting different performance parameters of microstrip antennas due to their learning and generalization features. This paper illustrates a neural network model for instantly predicting the resonance frequencies, gains, directivities, antenna efficiencies, and radiation efficiencies for dual-frequency operation of slotted microstrip antennas with air-gap. The proposed neural model is valid for any arbitrary slot-dimensions and inserted air-gap within their specified ranges. A prototype is fabricated using Roger’s substrate and its performance is measured for validation. A very good agreement is achieved in simulated, predicted, and measured results.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4-(3-Hydroxy-benzofuran-2-yl)coumarins
Authors: Boregowda Puttaraju , Kalegowda Shivashankar , Rasal Vijaykumar Pandurang , Eluru Jagadeeshreddy , Koyye Ebenezer
Published: March 2014

Various 4-bromomethylcoumarins (1a-k) were reacted with methyl salicylate to yield 2-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-ylmethoxy)-benzoic acid methyl esters (2a-k). Formations of (3a-k) were achieved by using DBU under microwave irradiation. Structures of all the compounds were established on the basis of their spectral data. All the compounds were tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activity and cell cytotoxicity. All the tested compounds (2b-k) and (3a-k) were shown to be better activity against Staphylococcus aureus than the standard Ciprofloxacin. The compound (3k) (R = 6-OMe) was found to be more potent cytotoxic than the standard 5-fluorouracil.
Strong Convergence Algorithms of the Split Common Fixed Point Problem for Total Quasi-Asymptotically Pseudocontractive Operators
Authors: Wang Peiyuan , Zhou Hy
Published: April 2014

We present a new algorithm for solving the two-set split common fixed point problem with total quasi-asymptotically pseudocontractive operators and consider the case of quasi-pseudocontractive operators. Under some appropriate conditions, we prove that the proposed algorithms have strong convergence. The results presented in this paper improve and extend the previous algorithms and results of Censor and Segal (2009), Moudafi (2011 and 2010), Mohammed (2013), Yang et al. (2011), Chang et al. (2012), and others.
Generalized Trapezoidal Fuzzy Soft Set and Its Application in Medical Diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Haidong , Shu Lan , Liao Shilong
Published: April 2014

Soft set theory is a newly emerging mathematical tool to deal with uncertain problems. In this paper, by introducing a generalization parameter, which itself is trapezoidal fuzzy, we define generalized trapezoidal fuzzy soft sets and then study some of their properties. Finally, applications of generalized trapezoidal fuzzy soft sets in a decision making problem and medical diagnosis problem are shown.
Effect of Preplant Irrigation, Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Timing, and Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilization on Winter Wheat Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency
Authors: Bushong Jacob T. , Arnall D. Brian , Raun William R.
Published: April 2014

Preplant irrigation can impact fertilizer management in winter wheat. The objective of this study was to evaluate the main and interactive effects of preplant irrigation, N fertilizer application timing, and different N, P, and K fertilizer treatments on grain yield and WUE. Several significant two-way interactions and main effects of all three factors evaluated were observed over four growing seasons for grain yield and WUE. These effects could be described by differences in rainfall and soil moisture content among years. Overall, grain yield and WUE were optimized, if irrigation or adequate soil moisture were available prior to planting. For rain-fed treatments, the timing of N fertilizer application was not as important and could be applied before planting or topdressed without much difference in yield. The application of P fertilizer proved to be beneficial on average years but was not needed in years where above average soil moisture was present. There was no added benefit to applying K fertilizer. In conclusion, N and P fertilizer management practices may need to be altered yearly based on changes in soil moisture from irrigation and/or rainfall.
Fetal Head Position during the First Stage of Labor: Comparison between Vaginal Examination and Transabdominal Ultrasound
Authors: Shetty Jyothi , Aahir Vinod , Pandey Deeksha , Adiga Prashanth , Kamath Asha
Published: March 2014

Introduction. Recent evidence indicates that clinical examination, for determination of fetal head position, is subjective and inaccurate. Present study was aimed to compare transabdominal ultrasound for fetal head position with vaginal examination during first stage of labor. Material and Methods. This prospective study was performed at a tertiary center during a two-year period. Before or after clinically indicated vaginal examinations, transverse suprapubic transabdominal real-time ultrasound fetal head position assessment was done. Frequencies of various ultrasound depicted fetal head positions were compared with position determined at vaginal examination. Results. In only 31.5% of patients, fetal head position determinations by vaginal examinations were consistent with those obtained by ultrasound. Cohen’s Kappa test of concordance indicated a poor concordance of 0.15. Accuracy of vaginal examination increased to 66% when fetal head position at vaginal examination was recorded correct if reported within +45° of the ultrasound assessment. Rate of agreement between the two assessment methods for consultants versus residents was 36% and 26%, respectively (P=0.17). Conclusion. We found that vaginal examination was associated with a high error rate in fetal head position determination. Data supports the idea that intrapartum transabdominal ultrasound enhances correct determination of fetal head position during first stage of labor.
Hybrid Stability Checking Method for Synchronization of Chaotic Fractional-Order Systems
Authors: Lao Seng-Kin , Tam Lap-Mou , Chen Hsien-Keng , Sheu Long-Jye
Published: April 2014

A hybrid stability checking method is proposed to verify the establishment of synchronization between two hyperchaotic systems. During the design stage of a synchronization scheme for chaotic fractional-order systems, a problem is sometimes encountered. In order to ensure the stability of the error signal between two fractional-order systems, the arguments of all eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix of the erroneous system should be within a region defined in Matignon’s theorem. Sometimes, the arguments depend on the state variables of the driving system, which makes it difficult to prove the stability. We propose a new and efficient hybrid method to verify the stability in this situation. The passivity-based control scheme for synchronization of two hyperchaotic fractional-order Chen-Lee systems is provided as an example. Theoretical analysis of the proposed method is validated by numerical simulation in time domain and examined in frequency domain via electronic circuits.
Logic Regression for Provider Effects on Kidney Cancer Treatment Delivery
Authors: Banerjee Mousumi , Filson Christopher , Xia Rong , Miller David C.
Published: March 2014

In the delivery of medical and surgical care, often times complex interactions between patient, physician, and hospital factors influence practice patterns. This paper presents a novel application of logic regression in the context of kidney cancer treatment delivery. Using linked data from the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program and Medicare we identified patients diagnosed with kidney cancer from 1995 to 2005. The primary endpoints in the study were use of innovative treatment modalities, namely, partial nephrectomy and laparoscopy. Logic regression allowed us to uncover the interplay between patient, provider, and practice environment variables, which would not be possible using standard regression approaches. We found that surgeons who graduated in or prior to 1980 despite having some academic affiliation, low volume surgeons in a non-NCI hospital, or surgeons in rural environment were significantly less likely to use laparoscopy. Surgeons with major academic affiliation and practising in HMO, hospital, or medical school based setting were significantly more likely to use partial nephrectomy. Results from our study can show efforts towards dismantling the barriers to adoption of innovative treatment modalities, ultimately improving the quality of care provided to patients with kidney cancer.
Comparison of Long Noncoding RNA and mRNA Expression Profiles in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Periodontal Ligament and Bone Marrow
Authors: Dong Rui , Du Juan , Wang Liping , Wang Jinsong , Ding Gang , Wang Songlin , Fan Zhipeng
Published: March 2014

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in different anatomic locations possess diverse biological activities. Maintaining the pluripotent state and differentiation depend on the expression and regulation of thousands of genes, but it remains unclear which molecular mechanisms underlie MSC diversity. Thus, potential MSC applications are restricted. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in the complex molecular circuitry of cellular processes. We investigated differences in lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles between bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) with lncRNA microarray assays and bioinformatics analysis. In PDLSCs, numerous lncRNAs were significantly upregulated (n=457) or downregulated (n=513) compared to BMSCs. Furthermore, 1,578 mRNAs were differentially expressed. These genes implicated cellular pathways that may be associated with MSC characteristics, including apoptosis, MAPK, cell cycle, and Wnt signaling pathway. Signal-net analysis indicated that phospholipase C beta 4, filamin B beta, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma, and the ionotropic glutamate receptor, AMPA 1, had the highest betweenness centrality among significant genes in the differential gene profile network. A comparison between the coding-noncoding gene coexpression networks of PDLSCs and BMSCs identified chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 as a core regulatory factor in MSC biology. These results provided insight into the mechanisms underlying MSC biology.
Black Component of Dark Matter
Authors: Grobov A. V. , Rubin S. G. , Shalamova V. Yu.
Published: March 2014

A mechanism of primordial black hole formation with specific mass spectrum is discussed. It is shown that these black holes could contribute to the energy density of dark matter. Our approach is elaborated in the framework of universal extra dimensions.
Blow-Up Solutions and Global Existence for Quasilinear Parabolic Problems with Robin Boundary Conditions
Authors: Ding Juntang
Published: March 2014

We study the blow-up and global solutions for a class of quasilinear parabolic problems with Robin boundary conditions. By constructing auxiliary functions and using maximum principles, the sufficient conditions for the existence of blow-up solution, an upper bound for the “blow-up time,” an upper estimate of the “blow-up rate,” the sufficient conditions for the existence of global solution, and an upper estimate of the global solution are specified.
Numerical Study on the Charge Transport in a Space between Concentric Circular Cylinders
Authors: Suh Y. K. , Baek K. H.
Published: March 2014

Electrification is one of the key factors to be considered in the design of power transformers utilizing dielectric liquid as a coolant. Compared with enormous quantity of experimental and analytical studies on electrification, numerical simulations are very few. This paper describes essential elements of numerical solution methods for the charge transport equations in a space between concentric cylinders. It is found that maintaining the conservation property of the convective terms in the governing equations is of the uttermost importance for numerical accuracy, in particular at low reaction rates. Parametric study on the charge transport on the axial plane of the annular space with a predetermined velocity shows that when the convection effect is weak the solutions tend to a one-dimensional nature, where diffusion is simply balanced by conduction. As the convection effect is increased the contours of charge distribution approach the fluid streamlines. Thus, when the conduction effect is weak, charge distribution tends to be uniform and the role of the convection effect becomes insignificant. At an increased conduction effect, on the other hand, the fluid motion transports the charge within the electric double layers toward the top and bottom boundaries leading to an increased amount of total charge in the domain.
Association between Neck/Shoulder Pain and Trapezius Muscle Tenderness in Office Workers
Authors: Brandt Mikkel , Sundstrup Emil , Jakobsen Markus D. , Jay Kenneth , Colado Juan C. , Wang Yuling , Zebis Mette K. , Andersen Lars L.
Published: March 2014

Background. Neck/shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder among adults. The pain is often assumed to be related to muscular tenderness rather than serious chronic disease. Aim. To determine the association between neck/shoulder pain intensity and trapezius muscle tenderness in office workers. Methods. 653 employees from two large office workplaces in Copenhagen, Denmark, replied to a questionnaire on health and working conditions (mean: age 43 years, body mass index 24 kg·m−2, computer use 90% of work time, 73% women). Respondents rated intensity of neck/shoulder pain during the previous three months on a scale of 0–10 and palpable tenderness of the upper trapezius muscle on a scale of “no tenderness,” “some tenderness,” or “severe tenderness.” Odds ratios for tenderness as a function of neck/shoulder pain intensity were determined using cumulative logistic regression controlled for age, gender, and chronic disease. Results. The prevalence of “no,” “some,” and “severe” tenderness of the trapezius muscle was 18%, 59%, and 23% in women and 51%, 42%, and 7% in men, respectively (chi-square, P < 0.0001). Participants with “no,” “some,” and “severe” tenderness of the trapezius muscle, respectively, rated their neck/shoulder pain intensity to 1.5 (SD 1.6), 3.8 (SD 2.0), and 5.7 (SD 1.9) for women and 1.4 (SD 1.4), 3.1 (SD 2.2), and 5.1 (SD 1.7) for men. For every unit increase in neck/shoulder pain intensity, the OR for one unit increase in trapezius tenderness was 1.86 (95% confidence interval 1.70 to 2.04). Conclusion. In office workers, a strong association between perceived neck/shoulder pain intensity and trapezius muscle tenderness exists. The present study provides reference values of pain intensity among office workers with no, some, and severe tenderness of the trapezius muscle.
Stress Intensity Factor for Interface Cracks in Bimaterials Using Complex Variable Meshless Manifold Method
Authors: Gao Hongfen , Wei Gaofeng
Published: March 2014

This paper describes the application of the complex variable meshless manifold method (CVMMM) to stress intensity factor analyses of structures containing interface cracks between dissimilar materials. A discontinuous function and the near‐tip asymptotic displacement functions are added to the CVMMM approximation using the framework of complex variable moving least‐squares (CVMLS) approximation. This enables the domain to be modeled by CVMMM without explicitly meshing the crack surfaces. The enriched crack‐tip functions are chosen as those that span the asymptotic displacement fields for an interfacial crack. The complex stress intensity factors for bimaterial interfacial cracks were numerically evaluated using the method. Good agreement between the numerical results and the reference solutions for benchmark interfacial crack problems is realized.
Synthesis and Characterization of Europium‐Doped Zinc Oxide Photocatalyst
Authors: Phuruangrat Anukorn , Yayapao Oranuch , Thongtem Titipun , Thongtem Somchai
Published: March 2014

Single crystalline flower‐like ZnO and Eu‐doped ZnO structures were successfully synthesized via a sonochemical method. Structures, morphologies, and photocatalytic activities of the as‐synthesized samples were determined using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities of the as‐synthesized samples were evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solutions under UV light. The photocatalytic results indicate that the as‐synthesized Eu‐doped ZnO shows good photocatalytic activity and could be considered as a promising photocatalyst for dye waste water treatment.