bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What do readers want? Results of an online survey to involve readers in updating the seventh edition of the Manual of dietetic practice
Authors: Wedlake Linda , Mellor Duane , Marriott Tom , Maslin Kate , Frost Gary , Hickson Mary
Published: October 2023

Background

The Manual of dietetic practice (‘Manual’) is the core textbook for qualified and student dietitians. A survey was conducted to explore views on the scope, content and presentation of the Manual to inform the forthcoming edition.

Methods

The survey comprised of questions on demographics, structure, content, access (print/digital), missing topics, strengths and weaknesses. It was distributed to members of the British Dietetic Association (BDA) and other relevant groups in August 2022. Responses are presented as frequencies and free text as themes.

Results

Of 1179 responses, 91% were from professionals, of whom 72% were registered dietitians with a mean of 12.7 years (range: 1–44) in practice: 60% worked in the United Kingdom with 52% based in a clinical setting. The printed version was preferred: 59% professionals, 60% students, 94% professionals and 88% students were satisfied with the structure; however, 26% professionals and 22% students identified content that was lacking or outdated, including mental health and sustainability. The strengths were its comprehensive coverage and respected contributing authors. Weaknesses included the cost, size, lack of visual aids and currency. Professionals indicated the seventh edition should focus on more practical information required for clinical practice, whereas students wanted more emphasis on summarised information and visual formats.

Conclusions

The survey proved a valuable method to engage with the readership to ensure the next edition reflected their requirements. Although nearly all respondents were satisfied with the scope and content, the results highlighted those topics lacking and/or outdated. Results also showed that the next edition should focus on practical information required for clinical practice, with more summarised and visual formats.
Field‐dependent abundances of hydride molecular ions in atom probe tomography of III‐N semiconductors
Authors: Diagne Aissatou , Garcia Luis Gonzalez , Ndiaye Samba , Gogneau Noëlle , Vrellou Maria , Houard Jonathan , Rigutti Lorenzo
Published: October 2023

We investigate the microscopic behaviour of hydrogen‐containing species formed on the surface of III‐N semiconductor samples by the residual hydrogen in the analysis chamber in laser‐assisted atom probe tomography (APT). We analysed AlGaN/GaN heterostructures containing alternate layers with a thickness of about 20 nm. The formation of H‐containing species occurs at field strengths between 22 and 26 V/nm and is independent of the analysed samples. The 3D APT reconstruction makes it possible to map the evolution of the surface behaviour of these species issued by chemical reactions. The results highlight the strong dependence of the relative abundances of hydrides on the surface field during evaporation. The relative abundances of the hydrides decrease when the surface field increases due to the evolution of the tip shape or the different evaporation behaviour of the different layers.
Association of the Japanese herbal kampo medicine kakkonto with antibiotic use and surgical drainage for noninfectious mastitis: A nationwide database study
Authors: Endo Masayuki , Konishi Takaaki , Yamana Hayato , Jo Taisuke , Ishikawa Tomoki , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: October 2023

Aim

Kakkonto, a Japanese herbal kampo medicine, is empirically prescribed to improve milk stasis and ameliorate breast inflammation in patients with noninfectious mastitis. We investigated whether early use of kakkonto is associated with a reduction in antibiotic use and surgical drainage in patients with noninfectious mastitis.

Methods

We identified 34 074 patients with an initial diagnosis of noninfectious mastitis within 1 year of childbirth between April 2012 and December 2022 using the nationwide administrative JMDC Claims Database. Patients were divided into the kakkonto (n = 9593) and control (n = 9648) groups if they received and did not receive kakkonto on the day of the initial diagnosis of noninfectious mastitis, respectively. Antibiotic administration and surgical drainage within 30 days after the initial diagnosis of noninfectious mastitis in the two groups were compared using propensity score‐stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis.

Results

The frequency of antibiotic administration within 30 days after the initial diagnosis of noninfectious mastitis was significantly lower in the kakkonto group than in the control group (10% vs. 12%; odds ratio, 0.88 [95% confidence interval, 0.80–0.96]). The frequency of antibiotic administration during 1–3 and 4–7 days after the initial diagnosis were also significantly lower in the kakkonto group than in the control group. The frequency of surgical drainage did not differ significantly between the two groups.

Conclusions

Kakkonto was associated with reduced administration of antibiotics for noninfectious mastitis, making it a potential treatment option for relieving breast inflammation and promoting antimicrobial stewardship.
Temporal trends and regional variation of heart transplantation in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Adebiyi Ebenezer , Jennifer Christine Munoz Pareja
Published: October 2023

Background

Historically, intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) has been considered an important factor in choosing potential recipients of organ transplants among many transplant centers. This study evaluated the temporal changes at the national and regional levels in the proportion of heart transplantation in children with IDD.

Methods

Children younger than 19 years in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database who received heart transplants from 2010 to 2021 were included in this study. The patients were grouped into only definitive intellectual disability, both definitive intellectual and motor disability, only definitive motor disability, and no developmental disability. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine the proportion of heart transplants in each category for the whole cohort and each geographic transplant region.

Results

There were 4273 pediatric heart transplant recipients included in the study. From 2010 to 2021, the percentages of pediatric heart transplants increased from 3.8% (95% CI, 0.01–0.05) to 5.8% (95% CI, 0.03–0.08) in children with only definitive intellectual disability (OR 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02–0.1, ptrend < .002), from 3.4% (95% CI, 0.01–0.05) to 6.6% (95% CI, 0.04–0.09) in children with both definitive intellectual disability and motor disability (OR 0.09; 95% CI, 0.05–0.13, ptrend < .001), and from 5.2% (95% CI, 0.02–0.07) to 8.3% (95% CI, 0.05–0.1) in children with only definitive motor disability (OR 0.06; 95% CI, 0.02–0.09, ptrend < .002). There were several regional differences in the proportion of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities who received heart transplants.

Conclusion

There is increasing inclusion of children diagnosed with intellectual and developmental disabilities in heart transplantation. A review of the current allocation policies may address the marked geographic variations found in this study.
The role of the soil seed bank for the restoration potential of eroded alpine grassland
Authors: Wellstein Camilla , Tonin Rita , Peratoner Giovanni , Löbmann Michael T. , Zwack Bastian , Della Rosa Lisa , Mayr Andreas , Geitner Clemens , Zerbe Stefan
Published: October 2023

The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021–2030 has launched nature conservation, environmental protection, and ecosystem services' restoration on the global environmental policy agenda. However, particularly high mountain habitats being subject to erosion are up to now hardly restorable. Erosion with associated loss of vegetation, soil, and its fertility, is one of the most urgent environmental problems throughout the world. Consequently, we analyzed the soil seed bank of calcareous high‐mountain grassland in the European Alps to reveal the natural regeneration potential after shallow erosion events. We applied a chronosequence approach taking recently eroded grassland areas (<5 years) as well as areas with earlier erosion events (>5 up to 10 and >27 years) into account. Our results revealed that the vegetation of old eroded areas was not closely similar to the surrounding intact grasslands. However, it was well differentiated from the initial stages of young and intermediate eroded areas' vegetation and had higher plant cover and species richness. The old eroded areas' seed bank had higher seed density and species richness compared to younger areas. While typical mountain meadow species were present in the seedbank of eroded areas, the assessed indicator species of both, younger and older eroded areas did not resemble the ones of the aboveground vegetation. We conclude that the seed bank has important but limited potential for the restoration of the complete species range of calcareous eroded alpine grasslands. This implies that additional restoration measures are needed to reintroduce species absent from the seed bank.
Symmetries of the DΔmKP hierarchy and their continuum limits
Authors: Liu Jin , Zhang Da‐jun , Zhao Xuehui
Published: October 2023

In the recent paper [Stud. App. Math. 147 (2021), 752], squared eigenfunction symmetry constraint of the differential‐difference modified Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (DΔmKP) hierarchy converts the DΔmKP system to the relativistic Toda spectral problem and its hierarchy. In this paper, we introduce a new formulation of independent variables in the squared eigenfunction symmetry constraint, under which the DΔmKP system gives rise to the discrete spectral problem and a hierarchy of the differential‐difference derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation of the Chen–Lee–Liu type. In addition, by introducing nonisospectral flows, two sets of symmetries of the DΔmKP hierarchy and their algebraic structure are obtained. We then present a unified continuum limit scheme, by which we achieve the correspondence of the mKP and the DΔmKP hierarchies and their integrable structures.
Religious liberties or reading rainbows? The partisan implications of religious liberties frames in education attitudes
Authors: Walker Brooklyn , Haider‐Markel Donald P.
Published: October 2023

Objective

Many state legislatures have moved to restrict LGBT students’ rights, and the Supreme Court has veered toward greater protection of religious free exercise protection over LGBT nondiscrimination policies. Some studies have found that rights framings are associated with heightened affective and attitudinal polarization, while others have argued that rights framings lead to greater tolerance. Do religious liberties frames affect policy attitudes or group affect? And are some groups’ use of religious liberties frames more persuasive?

Methods

We utilize data from a survey that experimentally varies candidate statements on inclusion of LGBT issues in schools using a religious liberties frame and by the group asserting religious liberties. We use the experiment to document the extent to which religious liberties framings shift support for restriction of LGBT rights in schools and affect toward religious and LGBT Americans.

Results

Our analysis suggests there are few direct effects, but that responses to religious liberties frames reflect debates within the parties about morality, social group conflict, and civic nationalism.

Conclusion

Our results add to the growing literature on religious liberty, and we argue that there is a need to understand why religious liberties frames produce effects in some circumstances but not in others.
An open‐source metadataset of running European mid‐ and long‐term agricultural field experiments
Authors: Blanchy Guillaume , D'Hose Tommy , Donmez Cenk , Hoffmann Carsten , Makoschitz Lisa , Murugan Rajasekaran , O'Sullivan Lilian , Sandén Taru , Spiegel Heide , Svoboda Nikolai , Zechmeister‐Boltenstern Sophie , Klumpp Katja
Published: October 2023

Mid‐term (MTEs, 5–20 years) and long‐term (LTEs, 20+ years) field experiments are key sources of information to design future climate‐smart agriculture. Within the European Joint Program SOIL (EJP SOIL), we built the EJP SOIL‐MTE/LTE metadataset that contains metadata from 240 MTEs/LTEs across Europe. Metadata collected included precise descriptions of the treatments (combination of factors such as tillage, crop type/rotation, amendments/fertilizers, grazing and pest/weed management), soil and crop measurements and pedo‐climatic information. Using different figures and dashboards, an overview of those MTEs/LTEs is presented and specific research themes (tillage systems, residue management, amendment type and cover crops) are further analysed within their pedo‐climatic context. An interactive web portal developed in collaboration with the BonaRes project (https://lte.bonares.de), enables users to explore the metadataset and find relevant MTEs/LTEs for specific combinations of practices (e.g. all MTEs/LTEs that investigate cover crops on a Cambisol in no‐tillage system). Finally, a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis of the metadataset was carried out to highlight the potential contribution of MTEs/LTEs to a harmonized European soil observation and monitoring approach. We propose that the metadataset could be elaborated with metadata from other existing MTEs/LTEs in Europe or even worldwide.
Protein kinase SnRK2.4 is a key regulator of aquaporins and root hydraulics in Arabidopsis
Authors: Shahzad Zaigham , Tournaire‐Roux Colette , Canut Matthieu , Adamo Mattia , Roeder Jan , Verdoucq Lionel , Martinière Alexandre , Amtmann Anna , Santoni Véronique , Grill Erwin , Loudet Olivier , Maurel Christophe
Published: October 2023

Soil water uptake by roots is a key component of plant water homeostasis contributing to plant growth and survival under ever‐changing environmental conditions. The water transport capacity of roots (root hydraulic conductivity; Lpr) is mostly contributed by finely regulated Plasma membrane Intrinsic Protein (PIP) aquaporins. In this study, we used natural variation of Arabidopsis for the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to Lpr. Using recombinant lines from a biparental cross (Cvi‐0 x Col‐0), we show that the gene encoding class 2 Sucrose‐Non‐Fermenting Protein kinase 2.4 (SnRK2.4) in Col‐0 contributes to >30% of Lpr by enhancing aquaporin‐dependent water transport. At variance with the inactive and possibly unstable Cvi‐0 SnRK2.4 form, the Col‐0 form interacts with and phosphorylates the prototypal PIP2;1 aquaporin at Ser121 and stimulates its water transport activity upon coexpression in Xenopus oocytes and yeast cells. Activation of PIP2;1 by Col‐0 SnRK2.4 in yeast also requires its protein kinase activity and can be counteracted by clade A Protein Phosphatases 2C. SnRK2.4 shows all hallmarks to be part of core abscisic acid (ABA) signaling modules. Yet, long‐term (>3 h) inhibition of Lpr by ABA possibly involves a SnRK2.4‐independent inhibition of PIP2;1. SnRK2.4 also promotes stomatal aperture and ABA‐induced inhibition of primary root growth. The study identifies a key component of Lpr and sheds new light on the functional overlap and specificity of SnRK2.4 with respect to other ABA‐dependent or independent SnRK2s.
A Screw Approach to Vibration Analysis of Beam Structures With Nonstandard Conditions
Authors: Lee Yeong Geol , Lee Duck-Hee
Published: October 2023

A major advantage of the screw theory is that translations and rotations are treated simultaneously, which can provide greater insight into the vibration phenomena, such as vibration centers and axes. The present study describes how these concepts are extended into beam theory. The stiffness matrix of a beam was derived by incorporating different types of vibrations, such as extension, compression, torsion, and bending, at the same time, which was then used to obtain the equations of motion, including nonstandard forms of boundary conditions. We then presented an analytical method to solve these equations by focusing on two distinct examples, namely the cantilever and robot link. In the first numerical example, the mode shapes of the beam could be regarded as rotations about the vibration centers or axes of the rigid bodies in a discrete system. In the second example, the analytical solutions of mode shapes and natural frequencies of a robot link, for which the revolute joints at both sides are not parallel, were presented to demonstrate the utility of the screw theory. We demonstrated that the screw approach could accurately describe the vibrations of both discrete and continuous systems and that the geometric meaning of the vibration modes of discrete systems can be extended into continuous systems.
The Role of Diffusive Mixing in Current and Future Aviation Fuels at Relevant Operating Conditions
Authors: Di Sabatino Francesco , Wan Kevin , Manin Julien , Capil Tyler , Hicks Yolanda , Gander Alex , Crua Cyril
Published: October 2023

With aviation's dependence on the high volumetric energy density offered by liquid fuels, Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) could offer the fastest path toward the decarbonization of aircrafts. However, the chemical properties of SAFs present new challenges, and research is needed to better understand their injection, combustion, and emission processes. While efforts such as the United States National Jet Fuel Combustion Program (NJFCP) that investigated several aspects in detail, certain processes were unfortunately beyond the reach of this program. One of them in particular is about droplet evaporation at relevant pressures and temperatures, and this represents the focus of the present paper. To address this gap, we characterized the evaporation and mixing of spray droplets injected into well-controlled thermodynamic environments at conditions relevant to modern and next-generation aero-engine combustors. We tested three fuels from the NJFCP, namely, an average Jet A fuel (A-2), an alcohol-to-jet fuel containing highly branched dodecane and hexadecane type components (C-1), and a blend made of 40% C-1 and 60% isoparaffins ranging from 9 to 12 carbon atoms (C-4). We also tested a single component normal alkane: n-dodecane, as well as an advanced bioderived cyclo-alkane fuel: bicyclohexyl. The time evolution of fuel droplets was monitored using high-speed long-distance microscopy in a specific configuration that enabled sharp images to be acquired at these extreme conditions. The collected images were processed using a purposely developed and trained machine learning (ML) algorithm to detect and characterize the droplets' evaporation regime. The results revealed different evaporation regimes, such as classical and diffusive. In agreement with previous studies, evaporation regimes appear to be controlled by ambient pressure, temperature, and fuel type. The measurements demonstrate that diffusive evaporation is relevant at high-pressure conditions, such as takeoff combustor pressures for modern commercial aircraft engines. However, classical evaporation mostly controls mixing at lower pressure, such as cruise altitude conditions. The ML analysis emphasized that multiple evaporation regimes co-existed at the same operating condition and no significant relationship was found between droplet size and evaporation regime. The findings of this work constitute a database for validating spray and droplet models that are necessary for implementing lower emissions fuels in aero-engines.
A Second-Order Scheme for the Generalized Time-Fractional Burgers' Equation
Authors: Chawla Reetika , Kumar Devendra , Singh Satpal
Published: October 2023

A second-order numerical scheme is proposed to solve the generalized time-fractional Burgers' equation. The time-fractional derivative is considered in the Caputo sense. First, the quasi-linearization process is used to linearize the time-fractional Burgers' equation, which gives a sequence of linear partial differential equations (PDEs). The Crank–Nicolson scheme is used to discretize the sequence of PDEs in the temporal direction, followed by the central difference formulae for both the first and second-order spatial derivatives. The established error bounds (in the L2− norm) obtained through the meticulous theoretical analysis show that the method is second-order convergent in space and time. The technique is also shown to be conditionally stable. Some numerical experiments are presented to confirm the theoretical results.
Molecular drivers of resistance to sulbactam-durlobactam in contemporary clinical isolates ofAcinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Moussa Samir H. , Shapiro Adam B. , McLeod Sarah M. , Iyer Ramkumar , Carter Nicole M. , Tsai Yu-Kuo , Siu L. Kristopher , Miller Alita A.
Published: October 2023

Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticuscomplex (ABC) causes severe infections that are difficult to treat due to pre-existing antibiotic resistance. Sulbactam-durlobactam (SUL-DUR) is a targeted β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination antibiotic designed to treat serious infections caused byAcinetobacter, including multidrug- and carbapenem-resistant strains. In a recent global surveillance study of 5,032 ABC clinical isolates collected from 2016 to 2021, less than 2% of ABC isolates had SUL-DUR MIC values >4 µg/mL. Molecular characterization of these isolates confirmed the primary drivers of resistance are metallo-β-lactamases or penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3) mutations, as previously described. In addition, this study shows that certain common PBP3 variants, such as A515V, are insufficient to confer sulbactam resistance and that the efflux of durlobactam by AdeIJK is likely to play a role in a subset of strains.
Could an optimized joint pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment of continuous infusion ceftazidime-avibactam be a way to avoid the need for combo therapy in the targeted treatment of deep-seated DTR Gram-negative infections?
Authors: Gatti Milo , Rinaldi Matteo , Bonazzetti Cecilia , Gaibani Paolo , Giannella Maddalena , Viale Pierluigi , Pea Federico
Published: October 2023

The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between joint pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment of continuous infusion (CI) ceftazidime-avibactam and the microbiological outcome of documented difficult-to-treat resistant (DTR) Gram-negative infections. A 2-year retrospective cohort study was performed in patients receiving CI ceftazidime-avibactam mono- or combo therapy for documented DTR Gram-negative infections and undergoing therapeutic drug monitoring of both ceftazidime and avibactam. The free fractions of steady-state concentrations (
f
C
ss
) of ceftazidime and avibactam were calculated. The joint PK/PD target was considered optimal when both the
f
C
ss
/MIC ratio for ceftazidime ≥4 (equivalent to 100%
f
T
>4xMIC
) and the
f
C
ss
/C
T
ratio for avibactam >1 (equivalent to 100%
f
T >C
T
of 4.0 mg/L) were simultaneously achieved (quasi-optimal if only one of the two and suboptimal if neither of the two was achieved). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied for testing potential variables associated with microbiological failure. Fifty-eight patients were treated with CI ceftazidime-avibactam mono- (36) or combo therapy (22) for documented DTR Gram-negative infections [74.2% for primary or secondary bloodstream infections (BSIs)]. Combo therapy was administered more frequently to intensive care unit (ICU) patients (
P
= 0.023) or for pneumonia (
P
= 0.001) and less frequently for intra-abdominal infections and BSIs (
P
= 0.04). Microbiological failure occurred in five cases (8.6%, three in mono- and two in combo therapy). In the multivariate analysis, the suboptimal/quasi-optimal joint PK/PD target emerged as the only independent predictor of microbiological failure (odds ratio [OR] 11.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.31–93.98;
P
= 0.023), whereas monotherapy was not (
P
= 0.99). Optimized joint PK/PD target attainment of CI ceftazidime-avibactam monotherapy could represent a way forward for allowing microbiological eradication of DTR Gram-negative infections and could render unnecessary combo therapy.
A sequential one-pot approach for rapid and convenient characterization of putative restriction-modification systems
Authors: Zhang Yi , Takaki Yoshihiro , Yoshida-Takashima Yukari , Hiraoka Satoshi , Kurosawa Kanako , Nunoura Takuro , Takai Ken
Published: October 2023

With the advance of high-throughput sequencing, the molecular basis of coevolutionary interaction between viruses and host microorganisms is predominantly elucidated by
in silico
genomic analyses, which revealed potential communication of genetic materials related to microbial immune systems such as the restriction-modification (R-M) system. However, the sequence-dependent information is often insufficient to output a conclusive argument without biochemical characterizations, particularly for homologs of rare genes considered less accurately annotated. We proposed a 1-day and one-pot workflow covering
in vitro
protein synthesis and enzymatic assays to confirm the exact function of putative R-M genes only with manual pipetting operations of microliter-scale liquids. The proof-of-demonstration experiments mainly focused on a series of putative R-M enzymes from our recently found deep-sea temperate bacteriophage and its host bacterium. Two new restriction endonucleases and two new methyltransferases with respective unambiguous substrate specificities, superior catalytic performance, or unique sequence preferences were quickly identified. A frequent discrepancy between sequence similarity search and single-molecule methylation-sensitive sequencing toward the prediction of recognition motifs can get settled with the established direct biochemical characterization. The proposed approach under the cell-free one-pot concept allows for preliminary characterizations of diverse categories (e.g., Types I, II, and III) of putative R-M systems at most laboratories with minimum equipment and time costs.

IMPORTANCE

The elucidation of the molecular basis of virus-host coevolutionary interactions is boosted with state-of-the-art sequencing technologies. However, the sequence-only information is often insufficient to output a conclusive argument without biochemical characterizations. We proposed a 1-day and one-pot approach to confirm the exact function of putative restriction-modification (R-M) genes that presumably mediate microbial coevolution. The experiments mainly focused on a series of putative R-M enzymes from a deep-sea virus and its host bacterium. The results quickly unveiled unambiguous substrate specificities, superior catalytic performance, and unique sequence preferences for two new restriction enzymes (capable of cleaving DNA) and two new methyltransferases (capable of modifying DNA with methyl groups). The reality of the functional R-M system reinforced a model of mutually beneficial interactions with the virus in the deep-sea microbial ecosystem. The cell culture-independent approach also holds great potential for exploring novel and biotechnologically significant R-M enzymes from microbial dark matter.
Tracking multiple stages of serpentinization processes of the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone peridotites in southern Tibet: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Neotethyan oceanic lithosphere
Authors: Zhao Qi , Yan Yi , Dilek Yildirim , Peng Touping , Zhu Yuxiang , Zhu Zuofei
Published: October 2023

Serpentinites are key repositories of fluid-mobile elements (FMEs) in subduction zones and record significant information about the origin and geodynamic evolution of oceanic lithosphere. Here, we report on the structural textures and mineralogical compositions of different types of serpentinites collected from the central segment of the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone in southern Tibet and present their bulk-rock and mineral chemistry, and Sr isotopic compositions. The main textures include massive, scaly, and gouge serpentinites exposed in the Ngamring and Sangsang ophiolites. Bulk-rock Al2O3/SiO2 and spinel Cr# values suggest that the Ngamring serpentinites originally formed in an abyssal setting, whereas the Sangsang serpentinites developed initially in a forearc mantle. Both serpentinite assemblages were subsequently incorporated into a subduction plate interface as subducted serpentinites. Massive serpentinites preserve the geochemical fingerprint of original serpentinized fluids in mid-oceanic ridge to forearc settings, whereas sheared serpentinites with scaly and gouge textures are reset in their Sr isotopic compositions and FME ratios (i.e., Cs/U, Li/U, and Rb/U) due to their reactions with slab-derived fluids. Scaly and gouge types of the Ngamring serpentinites have lower 87Sr/86Sr values (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7081−0.7082) and higher alkali element−U ratios (i.e., Cs/U, Li/U, and Rb/U) than those of the massive serpentinite types (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7091−0.7096), which indicates that they interacted with fluids at a slab interface after their initial seafloor serpentinization. In contrast, the massive Sangsang serpentinites display lower 87Sr/86Sr values (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7041−0.7043, similar to those of the Yarlung Zangbo ophiolites) and higher alkali element−U ratios than those of the sheared serpentinites (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7063−0.7087). These findings point to the significant role of the increased influx of subducted sediment-derived fluids within subduction shear zones in further affecting the serpentinization fingerprint. This study demonstrates that serpentinites with different textural, geochemical, and isotopic features within the same suture zone may represent the serpentinization products in different tectonic environments during the seafloor spreading, subduction initiation, and subduction zone evolution of oceanic lithosphere.
Self-Similar Flows with a Shock Wave Advancing toward the Center or Axis of Symmetry
Authors: Valiev Kh. F. , Kraiko A. N.
Published: October 2023

We study one-dimensional flows of an ideal (inviscid and non-heat-conducting) perfect gas with an adiabatic exponent γ behind a shock wave moving toward the center (ν = 3) or axis (ν = 2) of symmetry in a cold gas at rest. Flows with a reflected shock wave and flows terminating with simultaneous arrival of a shock wave and a piston, which has compressed the gas into a point or line, to the center of symmetry are admitted.
The Influence of the Masker on the Localization of the Moving Signal in the Horizontal Plane
Authors: Agaeva M. Yu. , Nikitin N. I.
Published: October 2023

The effect of the masker on the localization of the moving signal was investigated in the free field conditions. The experiments were carried out in an anechoic chamber. Sound signals were presented from loudspeakers located on a semicircular arc in the horizontal plane. Bandpass noise bursts (5–18 kHz) were used to create a signal and a masker. The signal and the mask were uncorrelated stimuli and were created from two independent noise bursts. The stationary masker was always on the right at an angle of 15°. The moving signals traveled to or from the masker along two paths located at two places (–86° to –52° and –52° to –18°). The signal and the masker of 1-s duration each were presented either simultaneously or with a delay of the signal onset relative to the masker onset. The delay varied from 1 to 40 ms and 1200 ms. The subjects evaluated the start and end points of the trajectory of the moving sounds. Localization data for a moving signal under masking conditions were compared with spatial estimates of the same signal when presented in isolation (without a masker). Localization of the start and end points of the signal in masking condition was compared with localization of the moving source alone. Results showed that the masker affected the start and end points of the signal trajectory. The shift depended on the direction of movement. The starting points were always shifted in the direction of motion of the signal. The end points were shifted in the opposite direction.
Individualisation, personalisation and person-centredness in mental healthcare: a scoping review of concepts and linguistic network visualisation
Authors: Mayer Gwendolyn , Zafar Ali , Hummel Svenja , Landau Felix , Schultz Jobst-Hendrik
Published: October 2023

Background

Targeted mental health interventions are increasingly described as individualised, personalised or person-centred approaches. However, the definitions for these terms vary significantly. Their interchangeable use prevents operationalisations and measures.

Objective

This scoping review provides a synthesis of key concepts, definitions and the language used in the context of these terms in an effort to delineate their use for future research.

Study selection and analysis

Our search on PubMed, EBSCO and Cochrane provided 2835 relevant titles. A total of 176 titles were found eligible for extracting data. A thematic analysis was conducted to synthesise the underlying aspects of individualisation, personalisation and person-centredness. Network visualisations of co-occurring words in 2625 abstracts were performed using VOSViewer.

Findings

Overall, 106 out of 176 (60.2%) articles provided concepts for individualisation, personalisation and person-centredness. Studies using person-centredness provided a conceptualisation more often than the others. A thematic analysis revealed medical, psychological, sociocultural, biological, behavioural, economic and environmental dimensions of the concepts. Practical frameworks were mostly found related to person-centredness, while theoretical frameworks emerged in studies on personalisation. Word co-occurrences showed common psychiatric words in all three network visualisations, but differences in further contexts.

Conclusions and clinical implications

The use of individualisation, personalisation and person-centredness in mental healthcare is multifaceted. While individualisation was the most generic term, personalisation was often used in biomedical or technological studies. Person-centredness emerged as the most well-defined concept, with many frameworks often related to dementia care. We recommend that the use of these terms follows a clear definition within the context of their respective disorders, treatments or medical settings.

Scoping review registration

Open Science Framework: osf.io/uatsc.
Developing an exercise intervention to improve bone mineral density in traumatic amputees: protocol for a Delphi study
Authors: Behan Fearghal P , Bull Anthony M J , Bennett Alexander
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Lower limb amputation results in reduced bone mineral density (BMD) on the amputated side. Exercise interventions have proven effective in improving BMD. However, such interventions have not been attempted in an amputee population. Exercises designed for people with intact limbs may not be suitable for amputees, due to joint loss and the mechanical interface between the exercise equipment and the femoral neck being mediated through a socket. Therefore, prior to intervention implementation, it would be prudent to leverage biomechanical knowledge and clinical expertise, alongside scientific evidence in related fields, to assist in intervention development. The objective of this study is to elicit expert opinion and gain consensus to define specific exercise prescription parameters to minimise/recover BMD loss in amputees.

Methods and analysis

The Delphi technique will be used to obtain consensus among international experts; this will be conducted remotely as an e-Delphi process. 10–15 experts from ≥2 continents and ≥5 countries will be identified through published research or clinical expertise. Round 1 will consist of participants being asked to rate their level of agreement with statements related to exercise prescription to improve amputee BMD using a 5-point Likert Scale. Agreement will be deemed as ≥3 on the Likert Scale. Open feedback will be allowed in round 1 and any statement which less than 50% of the experts agree with will be excluded. Round 2 will repeat the remaining statements with the addition of any input from round 1 feedback. Round 3 will allow participants to reflect on their round 2 responses considering statistical representation of group opinion and whether they wish to alter any of their responses accordingly. Statements reaching agreement rates of 70% or above among the experts will be deemed to reach a consensus and will be implemented in a future exercise interventional trial.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was received from Imperial College Research Ethics Committee (reference: 6463766). Delphi participants will be asked to provide digital informed consent. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.
Development of CORE-CM core outcome domain sets for trials of Chinese medicine for lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Sun Ya-Nan , An Yi , Weng Zhi-Wen , Zhou Yan-Ji , Wang Xi-You , Yu Chang-He
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Most Asian countries have employed Chinese medicine (CM) and Western medicine to treat lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Evidence synthesis and comparison of effectiveness are difficult since outcomes examined and presented through trials possess heterogeneity. This study aimed to solve the outcome problems for CM clinical trials in LSS by building a core outcome set (COS).

Methods

To achieve an agreement on a set of core outcome domains, a four-phase study was carried out. First, we identified candidate outcome domains by systematically reviewing trials. In addition, we identified outcome domains associated with patients by conducting semistructured interviews with patients. Next, outcome domains were processed through a national two-round Delphi survey, in which 18 patients and 21 experts were recruited. Finally, the above domains were converted as a core outcome domain set based on a consensus meeting, in which 24 stakeholders were recruited.

Results

Seventeen outcome subdomains were identified by the systematic review and interviews. The Delphi survey assigned a priority to four outcome domains in the first round and four outcomes additionally in the second round. The core outcome domains were determined through discussion and redefinition of outcomes in the consensus meeting: pain and discomfort, health-related quality of life, lumbar function, activities of daily living, measures of walking, patient global assessment, adverse events and CM-specific outcomes.

Conclusion

COS-CM-LSS is likely to enhance the consistency of outcomes reported in clinical trials. In-depth research should be conducted for the exploration of the best methods to examine the above outcomes.
Unintentional injuries in children in the south of Iran, 2004–2019: a trend analysis of mortality rates
Authors: Azarbakhsh Habibollah , Rezaei Fatemeh , Hamedi Andishe , Hassanzadeh Jafar , Razeghi Ahmadreza , Mirahmadizadeh Alireza
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Injury is one of the main causes of death and disability in the world. This study was designed to determine the trend of mortality rate and years of life lost (YLLs) due to unintentional injuries in children in southern Iran.

Method

In this cross-sectional study, we extracted all death reports due to unintentional injuries based on age, gender and the year of death based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10)from the Electronic Death Registration System. The YLL analysis due to premature death related to unintentional injuries was executed by the 2015 YLL template from the WHO using the Excel V.2016 software. To examine the trend of crude mortality rate and YLL rates for different years, joinpoint regression was used based on the log-linear model.

Results

During the 16-year study period (2004–2019), 6590 deaths due to unintentional injuries in children aged 0–19 years have occurred. The total YLLs due to unintentional injuries were 138 482 in males and 53 168 in females. The three main causes of YLLs in our study were transportation injuries (67.37%), drowning (7.19%) and burns (6.70%). According to the joinpoint regression analysis, the 16-year trend of YLL rate due to premature mortality was decreasing; the annual per cent change was −5.2% (95% CI −6.5% to −3.9%, p<0.001) for males and −4.3% (95% CI −5.7% to −3.0%, p<0.001) for females.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of this study, the trend of mortality and YLL rate has been decreasing. Road traffic injuries were the most frequent injuries and the most common cause of death. Mortality rates fell by half. To improve child survival, injuries must now be recognised as a major child health problem, and to prevent deaths from injuries in children, early and preventive measures should be taken into account.
Maternal psychiatric and somatic illness, and the risk of unintentional injuries in children: variation by type of maternal illness, type of injury and child age
Authors: Tanskanen Antti O , Metsä-Simola Niina , Volotinen Lotta , Danielsbacka Mirkka , Martikainen Pekka , Remes Hanna
Published: October 2023

Background

Maternal mental illness appears to increase the risk of unintentional childhood injuries, which are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in early childhood. However, little is known about the variations in this association by type of injury and child’s age, and studies on the effects of maternal somatic illness on children’s injury risk are scarce.

Methods

We used Finnish total population register data from 2000 to 2017 to link 1 369 325 children to their biological mothers and followed them for maternal illness and childhood injuries until the children’s sixth birthday. Cox regression models were used to examine the associations between maternal illness and children’s injuries by type of illness (neurological, psychiatric and cancer), type of injury (transport injuries, falls, burns, drowning or suffocations, poisonings, exposure to inanimate and animate mechanical forces) and child’s age (<1 year-olds, 1–2 year-olds, 3–5 year-olds).

Results

After adjustment for family structure, maternal age at birth, maternal education, income, child’s gender, native language and region of residence, children of unwell mothers showed a higher risk of injuries (HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.23). This association was clear for maternal neurological (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.26 to 1.36) and psychiatric illnesses (HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.23) but inconsistent for cancer. Maternal illness predicted an increased risk of injury across all age groups.

Conclusions

Maternal mental and somatic illness may both increase children’s injury risk. Adequate social and parenting support for families with maternal illness may reduce childhood injury.
Safety and Efficacy of Flow Diverters for Treatment of Unruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms: Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Benalia Victor H C , Cortez Gustavo M , Mounayer Charbel , Saatci Isil , Cekirge H Saruhan , Kocer Naci , Islak Civan , Dabus Guilherme , Brinjikji Waleed , Baltacioglu Feyyaz , Pereira Vitor M , Nishi Hidehisa , Siddiqui Adnan H , Monteiro Andre , Lopes Demetrius K , Aghaebrahim Amin , Sauvageau Eric , Hanel Ricardo A
Published: October 2023

Background

The anterior communicating artery (AComm) region is the most common site of intracranial aneurysms, with increased rupture risk compared with other locations. Overall, flow diverters present as a safe and efficacious treatment for intracranial aneurysms, but there is paucity of data for their use in the treatment of unruptured AComm aneurysms. We present the largest multicentric analysis evaluating the outcomes of flow diverters in AComm aneurysm treatment.

Methods

Databases from 10 centers were retrospectively reviewed for unruptured AComm aneurysms treated with flow diverters. Demographics, clinical presentation, radiographic characteristics, procedural complications, and outcomes were assessed.

Results

A total of 144 patients harboring 147 AComm aneurysms were treated between January 2012 and December 2021. Seventy-four were women (51.4%) and median age was 60 (IQR 50–67) years. All were unruptured AComm aneurysms. Half of the cohort had similar anterior cerebral artery sizes (51.4%). The most common morphology was saccular (94.6%), with a branch involvement in 32.7% of cases. Median vessel diameter was 2.4 mm, and the Pipeline Flex was the most prevalent device (32.7%). Median follow-up time was 17 months, with complete occlusion in 86.4% at the last follow-up. Functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) was reported in 95.1%. Intraprocedural complications occurred in 5.6%, and postoperative complications were noted in 9.7% of cases. Combined major complication and mortality rate was 2.1%.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that flow diverters are a useful treatment for AComm aneurysms. Mid-term results indicated favorable aneurysm occlusion with a good safety profile. Additional prospective studies with longer follow-up periods and independent adjudication are warranted to better assess these results.
The Essence of Verilog: A Tractable and Tested Operational Semantics for Verilog
Authors: Chen Qinlin , Zhang Nairen , Wang Jinpeng , Tan Tian , Xu Chang , Ma Xiaoxing , Li Yue
Published: October 2023

With the increasing need to apply modern software techniques to hardware design, Verilog, the most popular Hardware Description Language (HDL), plays an infrastructure role. However, Verilog has several semantic pitfalls that often confuse software and hardware developers. Although prior research on formal semantics for Verilog exists, it is not comprehensive and has not fully addressed these issues. In this work, we present a novel scheme inspired by previous work on defining core languages for software languages like JavaScript and Python. Specifically, we define the formal semantics of Verilog using a core language called λ

V

, which captures the essence of Verilog using as few language structures as possible. λ

V

not only covers the most complete set of language features to date, but also addresses the aforementioned pitfalls. We implemented λ

V

with about 27,000 lines of Java code, and comprehensively tested its totality and conformance with Verilog. As a reliable reference semantics, λ

V

can detect semantic bugs in real-world Verilog simulators and expose ambiguities in Verilog’s standard specification. Moreover, as a useful core language, λ

V

has the potential to facilitate the development of tools such as a state-space explorer and a concolic execution tool for Verilog.
Run-Time Prevention of Software Integration Failures of Machine Learning APIs
Authors: Wan Chengcheng , Liu Yuhan , Du Kuntai , Hoffmann Henry , Jiang Junchen , Maire Michael , Lu Shan
Published: October 2023

Due to the under-specified interfaces, developers face challenges in correctly integrating machine learning (ML) APIs in software. Even when the ML API and the software are well designed on their own, the resulting application misbehaves when the API output is incompatible with the software. It is desirable to have an adapter that converts ML API output at runtime to better fit the software need and prevent integration failures.
In this paper, we conduct an empirical study to understand ML API integration problems in real-world applications. Guided by this study, we present SmartGear, a tool that automatically detects and converts mismatching or incorrect ML API output at run time, serving as a middle layer between ML API and software. Our evaluation on a variety of open-source applications shows that SmartGear detects 70% incompatible API outputs and prevents 67% potential integration failures, outperforming alternative solutions.