bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Musical borderness: Contesting spaces through cultural engagement
Authors: Müller Carolin
Published: January 2020

Across European nations, the binary distinction between ‘us’ and ‘them’ has been reinforced by right-wing populists seeking to frame global mass migration waves as the backdrop against which increased social fragmentation can be explained. While persisting resentments and continuing ethnicization of different social groups amplify hatred towards migrants, refugees and people of colour, many artistic and cultural institutions have taken a stand against such discriminatory rhetoric, trying to use their programmes as gateways to imagine new forms of solidarity and possibilities of organizing living with difference. This account focuses on developments in the city of Dresden, Germany, one of the hotspots for understanding the impact of racist and right-wing extremist legacies on contemporary responses to migration into Europe. Following the influx of refugees in 2015, Dresden became the centre of right-wing extremist protest, but also a focal point of its resistance in the arts and cultural institutions. In theatre and music, people have organized protests, founded community groups and established recurring programmes that focus on pivotal issues of belonging, citizenship, gender and home to reframe the social imaginary of what life with people of different backgrounds would look like in the city. This article draws on ethnographic work with three music initiatives in the city whose work centres on issues of ‘borders’ to show how ‘borderness’, a term used by social anthropologist Sarah Green to describe the sense of border, is experienced through and lived in music, educational practice and political activism. Findings show that collaborations between resident and refugee musicians resulted in narrations of border-experiences and transformed music repertoire. Spaces of music-making could become cultural borderlands themselves. Projects engaged in dismantling ‘the everyday construction of borders through ideology, cultural mediation, discourses, political institutions, attitudes and everyday forms of transnationalism […] that create and recreate new social-cultural boundaries and borders’ (Yuval-Davis et al. 2018: 229) in music education, which yielded a transcultural dialogue in the classroom in politically heated neighbourhoods. Theatre projects addressed gender-specific needs that provided women with opportunities to participate.
Closet cosplay: Everyday expressions of science fiction and fantasy fandom among women
Authors: Smith Dina , Stannar Casey , Kuttruff Jenna Tedrick
Published: January 2020

Some American science fiction and fantasy (SF&F) female fans participate in Cosplay or costume play, the global practice of dressing in costume and performing fictional characters from popular culture. Cosplay is typically only socially sanctioned at conventions and other fan events, leaving fans searching for new ways to express their fandom in everyday life. Closet cosplay is one solution in which everyday clothing and accessories can be worn to express fandom. The motivations for wearing everyday fan fashion have been only briefly mentioned by other authors or studied within limited social contexts. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explore SF&F female fans' participation in closet cosplay as it is worn in everyday contexts. An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using a social interactionist perspective, and Sarah Thornton's concept of subcultural capital and Pierre Bourdieu's theory of cultural capital. Semi-structured, online interviews were conducted with sixteen participants who wore closet cosplay related to SF&F films and/or television series, which included Star Wars, Marvel Comics, DC Comics, Disney films, Harry Potter and anime fandoms like Sailor Moon (1995–2000). The interview data were analysed using NVivo qualitative analysis software and the constant comparison method. Two themes emerged from the data: the definition of closet cosplay and motivations for wearing closet cosplay. Through examining these themes, it was evident that female SF&F fans used closet cosplay to express a salient fan identity, which enabled them to simultaneously gain subcultural capital and feminized cultural capital.
'Wear your identity': Styling identities of youth through dress – A conceptual model
Authors: Jenkinson Jo
Published: January 2020

This article exposes how young people use dress to negotiate, articulate and display identity. A diverse group of young people from Manchester, England, were asked to style themselves using items of clothing, or artefacts, which represented their individual and civic identities. Responses to this styling workshop and the accompanying interviews confirmed the powerful part that dressing can play, as young people navigate different cultural contexts and social environments in their everyday life. The research brings new insights into how dress is used as a catalyst for self-awareness, communication and development of self within multicultural urban settings. It proposes a new model for Dress, Youth and Identity (DYI) that provides a structure onto which young peoples' narratives of dress can be mapped and analysed, building upon the model for Dress and the Public, Private and Secret Self (PPSS) proposed by Eicher and Miller.
Her eyes, my body: Negotiating embodiment through Maya back strap weaving
Authors: Denham Amanda Joyce , Green Denise N.
Published: January 2020

This article discusses the embodiment of making and wearing clothing through a close analysis of the weaving and production practices of a contemporary Maya weaver, Lidia López. The first author lived in San Antonio Aguas Calientes, Sacatepéquez, Guatemala where she studied the back strap loom under the instruction of master weaver, Lidia López, while the second author served as an advisor on the research project and assisted with interpretation of fieldwork data. Anthropologist Daniel Miller has encouraged a research approach that thoroughly integrates the practice of making, arguing that 'the things people make, make people'. When a person weaves cloth using centuries-old techniques and tools passed down across generations, the cloth embodies identities that transcend time and materializes networks of social relations. This brings new possibilities to ethnographic research about processes of making. If we are what we make, as Miller argued, then what are we when we make cloth? In this article we explore the production of cloth as embodied practice: weaving on the back strap loom, bringing goods to market, the practice of teaching weaving, and all of the social relationships and realities that contribute to the production of clothing. The title of this article, 'Her eyes, my body', refers to the relationship between the primary ethnographic interlocutor, Lidia Amanda López de López, and the first author as ethnographer and weaving apprentice. By teaching weaving on the back strap loom in the tradition of her antepasados (ancestors), Lidia facilitated ways of knowing – from the kitchen table to the loom, from her home to the market. Entangled and woven together through dialectics of time and space, private and public, past and present. Warp and weft are woven into cloth, culture and identities.
Influência da Espessura da Camada de solo na Proteção dos aquíferos Cársticos sob os Climas Tropical Úmido e Europeu Mediterrâneo, pelo Método de Vulnerabilidade COP
Authors: Souza Rogério Tadeu de , Heredia Olga Susana , Travassos Luiz Eduardo Panisset , Velásquez Leila Nunes Menegasse , Sampaio Jarbas Lima Dias
Published: January 2020

Carste se refere a um estilo especial de paisagem onde coexistem cavernas e um extenso sistema de água subterrânea desenvolvido especialmente sobre rochas solúveis. Os aquíferos cársticos possuem alta fragilidade devido à circulação da água por meio de condutos, fissuras ou fraturas. Uma vez contaminados sua descontaminação é quase impossível. Métodos de vulnerabilidade foram criados para prever a susceptibilidade da contaminação de um aquífero por atividades antrópicas. São vários métodos, mas poucos são de uso específico ao carste.  O método COP, acrônimo utilizado para designar os parâmetros C=concentração de fluxo, O=camadas sobrepostas e P=precipitação, foi desenvolvido para proteção de aquíferos cársticos de países europeus de clima mediterrâneo e apresentou bons resultados. Porém, sua aplicação no carste de clima tropical úmido requer modificações, principalmente porque há diferenças na camada protetora do aquífero (Fator O) entre o carste Mediterrâneo Europeu e o carste tropical úmido, que apresenta maior espessura de solo. Neste artigo, foram simuladas duas situações para uma área cárstica de 240 km2: uma com a aplicação direta do método COP original e outra adaptando o método a espessuras mais realistas do solo tropical.  Os resultados mostram que a aplicação direta do método proporcionou uma proteção predominantemente alta para o Fator O, que se altera a predominantemente moderada para a realidade do carste de clima tropical úmido, apontando para a necessidade de adaptação desse fator.
Oxidative stress and its role in the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases.
Authors: Rybakova Anastasia , Platonova Nadezhda , Troshina Ekaterina
Published: January 2020

A large number of socially significant diseases is accompanied with oxidative stress and carry with tissue damage. Free radicals play a crucial role in the development of these diseases. Similar processes occur under the influence of ionizing radiation and bacterial infections. Recently, was indicated the significant role of oxidative stress in the development of autoimmune thyroiditis. It is assumed that the synthesis of thyroid hormones depends on the concentration of H2O2, which, due to its high toxicity, must be in strict accordance with the activity of antioxidant systems. Many biochemically negative processes occur on the apical membrane of the thyrocyte, which allows limiting the effect of free radicals and avoid cell destruction. However, in pathological conditions, enzymatic systems are disturbed and their components become abnormally activated in the cytoplasm, and it is leads to functional and morphological disorders. A deeper understanding of oxidative stress and its role in the development of autoimmune thyroiditis can contribute to the identification of new methods for its assessment, the expansion of therapeutic ranges for this disease. This review discusses oxidative stress, which is the accumulation of active damaging agents (free radicals, prooxidants, reactive oxygen species) that initiate cell damage and lead to the development of various pathological conditions.
Impactos sociales, económicos y medioambientales derivados de la pérdida y el desperdicio de alimentos
Authors: Carretero García Ana
Published: January 2020

Lo scopo dell’articolo è di presentare le condizioni sociali, economiche e ambientali della perdita e dello spreco di cibo. Secondo l’Organizzazione delle Nazioni unite per l’alimentazione e l’agricoltura, 1,3 miliardi di tonnellate di cibo sono sprecate in tutto il mondo e circa 1 miliardo di persone soffrono di malnutrizione. Per contrastare queste tendenze negative,la Commissione europea ha preparato una nuova piattaforma Internet europea dedicata alle questioni relative alla lotta contro la perdita e lo spreco alimentare. È una forma di sostegno per tutti i soggetti che operano per eliminare lo spreco alimentare in ogni fase di produzione, un luogo per divulgare le migliori pratiche di mercato nel campo della produzione agricola, uno strumento per monitorare i progressi nella lotta contro la perdita e lo spreco alimentare e una forma di incoraggiamento per avviare le cooperazioni intersettoriali. Secondo l’autrice, le azioni intraprese dall’Unione europea nell’ambito discusso meritano l’approvazione, tuttavia non sono sufficienti. Il fenomeno dello spreco alimentare è condizionato da molti fattori che influenzano la finale e reale qualità del prodotto. In particolare si tratta dei costi sociali e ambientali generati dalla produzione e dal trasporto, nonché in relazione al processo di preparazione degli alimenti per il consumo. Al fine di contrastare la situazione, andrebbero intraprese azioni volte a introdurre cambiamenti significativi nel modo in cui il cibo è prodotto, trasformato, distribuito e consumato, il che contribuirebbe a creare un processo produttivo più sostenibile dal punto di vista ambientale e socialmente responsabile.
Security Priorities and their Perception by Local Communities. A Survey of Population in Wielkopolska 2015-2017
Authors: Nowiak Wojciech
Published: January 2020

The aim of the article is to present the results of studies carried out in Wielkopolska regarding the perception of security by local communities, declared priorities and the impact of public debate and the media on these priorities. The studies were carried out in the former administrative region of Konin in 2015, 2016 and 2017. As the analysis shows, the narrative regarding individual and collective threats presented by politicians and the media had a large impact on individual priorities. This is evident from the assessment of the threat to national security and the assessment of such phenomena as terrorism, immigrants or the possibility of aggression from the East. With regard to individual security and changing priorities in this area, the impact of stabilization resulting from the implementation of social programs of the Law and Justice Party, with a special focus on the “Family 500 plus” program, is clearly noticeable. The results of the studies explicitly recommend their continuation in the years to come.
Water as a Weapon of War in the Tigris-Euphrates Basin
Authors: Krzymowski Adam
Published: January 2020

The paper aims to present water as a weapon of war in the Tigris-Euphrates Basin, as well as the role and significance of water for a new architecture of global security. The main goal of the study is to find an answer to the research question of whether water the Tigris-Euphrates Basin will be still a tool for fighting or cooperation as an effective tool for facing strategic challenges. The research hypothesis is that the issue of challenges related to water in the Euphrates River basin will, first of all, follow the social and political-economic relations between Turkey, Iraq and Syria and external factors. The research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. Moreover, this research is based on the neorealist theory of international relations, and the concept of international constellation analysis, as well as the theory of neo-institutionalism. Future anarchical global security architecture will lead to a hegemonic system of water relations. Therefore, without international coordination and far-reaching strategy in the face of the emerging anarchic global security structure, stable water cooperation in this region cannot be reached.
The Effect of the ‘China Factor’ on Taiwan’s Media System Security as an Example of the ‘Privatization and Outsourcing’ of Censorship and Propaganda in the Digital Age
Authors: Skrzypczak Jędrzej
Published: January 2020

The study aims to examine the security of Taiwan’s media system. Its main hypothesis is that the People’s Republic of China is pursuing a deliberate strategy of influencing Taiwan’s media at various levels by a range of means. Some authors refer to this approach as the commercialization and outsourcing of censorship and propaganda. The approach has had the effect of routinizing self-censorship. Research questions are also asked about the methods and strategies adopted by China to influence Taiwan’s media, including the commercialization and outsourcing of propaganda. The idea is to ‘hire’ various state institutions and agencies or their subordinate organizations, commonly from the private sector and from third countries, to deliberately disseminate and endorse views and ideas aligned with China’s interests. The strategy can be described as an invasion of sorts that is not of a coercive and/or external nature but rather is performed from the inside, aimed directly at the hearts and minds of the country’s citizens. The paradox is that democratic media systems that protect freedom of speech are more vulnerable to this strategy. An attempt is made to demonstrate that the ‘China factor’ is increasingly present in Taiwan’s media landscape. Its effectiveness may have grave consequences not only for the me- dia system itself but also for the political system of the Republic of China (Taiwan) in general. In addition, the article seeks to identify the most appropriate and effective strategies and means for countering and combatting such threats. In drafting this article, a range of research methods were employed, including that of inductive and deductive inference, the historical method (used to outline the historical background behind significant social and political transformations in Taiwan), the institutional and legal analysis method (used to explore the influence of institutions on specific social phenomena), the legal text exegesis method as well as the statistical method (to describe Taiwan’s media system).
The Conceptual Approach to the Development of Methodologies for the Assessment of Security Environment
Authors: Syrotenko Аnatolii
Published: January 2020

The main conceptual approaches to the development of a security environment evaluation methodology that would provide more skilled processing of information circulating in a security environment but not fixed during monitoring are considered. The method contains 14 main blocks, which carry analytical, logical, expert comparative and other procedures with the information received from the security environment in relation to destructive processes, phenomena, dangers, threats, as well as conditions in which the implementation of national interests takes place. The novelty of the procedures introduced is a comparison of facts, events detected during monitoring of global and local processes, sorting of events, facts, dangers, threats, etc., on the basis of which identification of geopolitical and other interests of other states is carried out, detection of misinformation, information coverage of various kinds of manipulations and psychological effects. The procedure of projecting events, facts, dangers, threats on the trajectory of global and local processes allows predicting the dynamics of global and local processes, providing information-time and security support for global and local processes, and assessing the risks of detected destructive phenomena and processes allows timely adjusting the parameters of the information – time and security support of global, local and other processes and make managerial decisions in the system of providing the national and military security more reasonably.
EU-NATO Partnership in 2017–2018 – Towards a New Model of Effective Response to Threats
Authors: Przybylska-Maszner Beata
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this article is to understand the factors determining the state of European Union-NATO relations since 2017. Current determinants of these relations are discussed alongside the structures of interinstitutional links between the two organizations. In order to properly investigate the research problems identified, qualitative selection of sources in the form of legal acts and ‘soft law’ documents of the organizations concerned has been employed. The research questions addressed in the analysis concern the sources and dynamics of changes in these relations. The answers are based on an examination of the determinants of behavior of participants in the decision-making process of both organizations. The article is based on the assumption that, in the period analyzed, the hitherto principle of correlation of tasks based on the two organizations mutually complementing their respective potentials, has been modified. Recurrent situations calling for a joint and multidimensional response to cri- ses have considerably widened the potential scope of strategic commitment of both partners and contributed to their links becoming stronger. Intensified activities aimed at developing the EU’s CSDP have occurred while political disputes regarding the role of both entities in the new balance of strategic forces have significantly multiplied. European limitations on ex- ercising an actual military influence in the region impede the chances of effective cooperation between the two entities.
Galeria handlowa jako przestrzeń edukacji nieformalnej
Authors: Rudnicka Maria
Published: January 2020

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Technicyzacja: „w niewoli władzy i wolności”
Authors: Klichowski Michał
Published: January 2020

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Rozważania wstępne o paradygmacie relacyjnym w edukacji i rehabilitacji osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną
Authors: Kopeć Danuta
Published: January 2020

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Mądrość żartu alternatywą edukacyjną (na przykładzie „Pedagogiki żarto-bliwej” Janusza Korczaka)
Authors: Pluta Andrzej
Published: January 2020

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DIFFERENTIAL APPTITUDE TESTS (DAT) and COGNITIVE PROCESSING STYLES
Authors: SÜREKLİ Derya
Published: January 2020

Araştırma, Marmara Üniversitesi Teknik eğitim, İktisadi İdari Bilimler ve Güzel Sanatlar Fakültelerinden Elektrik-Elektronik, Tekstil terbiye, Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri Ürünleri tasarımı olmak üzere toplam dört bölümün öğrencileri üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. 18-24 yaşları arasındaki denek grubu, 107 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Sağ ve sol beyin yarıküreleri tercihlerini belirlemek amacıyla Taggart'in "Human Information Processing Survey" testi kullanılmıştır. Farklı alanlarda becerileri belirlemek amacıyla ise Farklı Beceri İşlemler Testi (DAT- Differential Aptitude Test) uygulanmıştır. Test formlarının uygulanması bir oturumda sabah saatlerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Önceki araştırmalarda sol beynin sayısal, analitik düşünce gerektiren işlemlerde daha ağırlıklı olarak kullanıldığı, sağ yarıkürenin ise, ilişkisel ve sezgisel faaliyetlerde ağırlıklı olarak kullanıldığı öne sürülmüştür. Bu araştırmada da önceki araştırmaların doğrultusunda, Pearson korelasyon analizlerinde sol yarıküre puanı ile sayısal test puanı arasında pozitif ilişkiye rastlanırken (r= 0.30) sağ yarıküre tercihi puanı ile sayısal test puanı arasında negatif ilişki; ya da ilişki yok denecek kadar azdır. Yine algısal işlevlerde etkinliği gözlenen sağ yarıkürenin bu araştırmamızda, diğer yarıküre tercihlerinden farklı olarak uzaysal işlemlerle pozitif ilişkisi gözlemlenmiştir (r= 0.12, sol ve uzaysal test puanı korelasyonu r= -0.23). Sonuç olarak, Farklı Beceri İşlemler testinin (DAT) yarıküre tercihlerini belirlemede uygun bir test olabileceği öngörüsel olarak kabul edilebilir.
MARKETING OF PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTING SERVICES: APPLICATION IN TURKEY
Authors: SÜRMEN Yusuf
Published: January 2020

Dünyanın global bir ortama ilerlemesi ve teknolojik alandaki gelişmeler, muhasebe hizmetlerinden beklentileri de değiştirmiştir. Bu değişime paralel olarak da 1989 yılında çıkarılan Serbest Muhasebeci- Serbest Muhasebeci Mali Müşavirlik ve Yeminli Mali Müşavirlik Kanunu ile 1 Ocak 1994 tarihinde uygulamaya konulan Tekdüzen Hesap Planı da muhasebe mesleğinin gelişimine önemli katkılarda bulunmuştur. Profesyonel muhasebe hizmetleri iş hayatında özellikle sanayileşmeden sonra daha etkin rol oynamaya başlamıştır. Sonuçta da, profesyonel muhasebe hizmetlerindeki gelişme ihtiyacı zamanla daha büyük önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Bundan dolayı, günümüzde muhasebe hizmetleri sıradan bir iş olmaktan çıkıp, profesyonel bir meslek haline dönüşmüştür. Bu çalışmada, profesyonel muhasebe hizmetlerinin en iyi nasıl pazarlanabileceğini ortaya koymak amacıyla Trabzon'daki 40 firmada muhasebeciler üzerinde yapılan bir anket uygulaması yer almaktadır.
KÂR YÖNETİMİ UYGULAMALARINA İLİŞKİN ETİK YARGI FARKLILIKLARI
Authors: ÖZER Gökhan , ALPKAN Lütfihak , AREN Selim
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmanın hedefi, farklı organizasyonel ve toplumsal rollere sahip bireylerden oluşan deneklerin ve denek gruplarının kâr yönetimi uygulamalarına ilişkin etik yargılarını ve bu yargıların çeşitli manipülasyon türlerine ait karar örnekleri karşısında değişip değişmediğini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, on ayrı üniversitede işletmecilik eğitimini sürdüren 213 lisans ve 117 lisansüstü/doktora öğrencisi ile 75 özel sektör üst düzey yöneticisi ve 71 muhasebeciden oluşan toplam 476 kişiye uygulanan anketin analizinden elde edilen bulgular, deneklerin etik yargılarının yalnız manipülasyonun türüne, yapılış amacına, etki dönemine ve büyüklüğüne göre değil, ait oldukları grup içinde ve gruplar arasında da önemli oranda farklılaştığını ortaya koymaktadır.
PAZARLAMA BİLGİ SİSTEMİNDEKİ GELİŞMELER IŞIĞINDA TANIMLANABİLECEK YENİ ROLLER
Authors: ERDİL Sabri
Published: January 2020

Rapid developments in information technologies have resulted in dramatic changes in marketing information systems. Management information systems integrating all off the functions of a business have created integrated marketing information systems. It is claimed that this situation has a great impact on the roles of marketing mix. Increasing importance of marketing information system as an important part of the whole business system causes to approach traditional marketing mix in a different way. Both in technological and functional manners marketing information systems are included as a decision parameter to the traditional marketing mix.
ANONİM VE LİMİTED ŞİRKETLERDE İÇ KAYNAKLARDAN ESAS SERMAYE ARTIRIMI İLE İLGİLİ VERGİ KANUNLARI VE TÜRK TİCARET KANUNU’NDA YER ALAN ORTAK HÜKÜMLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ VE ÖNERİLER
Authors: AYBOĞA Hanifi
Published: January 2020

In Turkish Commercial Code there does not exist atıy provision concerning increase in principal Capital from internal resources (profits not distributed, reserves and fluids). On the other hand, the provisions concerning increase in principal Capital from internal resources are given place in our tax laws. Legal base should be constructed for the subject matter by legal arrangements to be made in Turkish Commercial Code relating to increase in principal capital from external resources.
YÖNETİMİN DİNAMİK OLMA ÖZELLİĞİ
Authors: ATAYETER Coşkun
Published: January 2020

Management is charged with the responsibility for maintaining a dynamic equilibrium by diagnosing situations and designing adjustments that are most appropriate for coping with current conditions. A dynamic equilibrium for an organization would incinde enough adaptability to react appropriately to external opportunities and demands as well as changing internal conditions.
OYUN KURAMININ "KAZAN KAZAN" PARADİGMASI AÇISINDAN İNSAN KAYNAKLARI YÖNETİMİ İŞLEVLERİNİN İRDELENMESİ
Authors: AŞKUN Olcay Bige
Published: January 2020

Bu makale John F. Nash’in özellikle çatışmalı durumlarda karar verme güçlüğünü kolaylaştırabilmek için geliştirdiği ve "oyun kuramı" olarak adlandırdığı matematiksel analiz yöntemi temeline dayanmaktadır. Oyun kuramı çok farklı disiplinler tarafından kullanılmakta ve 6 değişik paradigmadan oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, işletme ve işgörenin kendi, amaçlarını gerçekleştirebilmek için bir araya gelmeleriyle birlikte ortaya çıkacak çatışmaları azaltmaları ve karşılıklı işbirliği yapmaları için “kazan kazan” paradigması kullanılmıştır. Nash’e göre; işletme ve işgörenleri, hem kendi başarılan için hem de grubun toplam başarısı için ellerinden gelenin en iyisini yapmalıdırlar. İşletme ve işgörenin her ikisinin de başarılı olabilmesi için gerekli "işbirliği"nin sağlanmasına yardımcı olabilmek için de işletme birimlerinden insan kaynaklarının bilinen işlevleri yeniden gözden geçirilmiş ve böylelikle işletme ve işgörenin karşılıklı işbirliği yapmalarını sağlamak açısından bu birimin işlevleri üzerine bir deneme çalışması yapılmıştır.
YENİ EKONOMİNİN İKTİSADİ ETKİLERİ
Authors: ÇİNKO Levent
Published: January 2020

İktisatçılar, yeni ekonomi kavramını, enformasyon ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmelerin. verimlilik büyüme oranına yaptığı katkıları olarak ifade etmektedir. Amerikan ekonomisinde 1995-2001 döneminde gözlenen olumlu gelişmeler yeni ekonominin önemini arttırmıştır. Yeni ekonomi kapsamında değerlendirilen enformasyon ve iletişim sektörlerinde gözlenen olumlu gelişmeler, gelişmiş ülkelerin iktisadi büyüme ve verimlilik düzeyleri üzerinde doğrudan ve dolaylı yollardan müspet etkiler doğurduğu konusunda birçok ampirik ve teorik içerikli çalışma bulunmaktadır. _ Enformasyon ve iletişim teknolojileri, bu teknolojileri üreten sektörler için çıktı, kullananlar için ise girdi niteliğindedir. Enformasyon ve iletişim teknolojilerinin en önemli özelliği, verimlilik sürecine yaptıkları pozitif katkının yanı sıra, fiyatlarında gözlenen sürekli ve keskin düşme eğilimidir. Bu çalışmada literatürde yer alan görüşleri analiz etmek yerine yeni ekonomi sektörlerinin iktisadi etkileri açıklanılmaya çalışılacaktır.
TÜRK YÖNETİCİLERİN AHLAKİ KARAR VERMESİNİ ETKİ EDEN UNSURLAR
Authors: YURTSEVER Gülçimen
Published: January 2020

This sought to identify factors that contribute to managers' unethical behavior or decision in crganization. This study also sought to identify when managers are confronted with an ethical dilemma in performing their job, whom they usually consult. The results showed that most of the managers identified the behavior of their superiors as most influential factor and managers would like to obtain the views of their superiors while deciding on ethical problems before Consulting other groups. Findings reported here are based on a questionnaire-survey of 310 Turkish managers from 30 organizations in Turkey.
ULUSLARARASI REKLAMCILIĞI ULUSAL REKLAMCILIKTAN AYIRAN FAKTÖRLER
Authors: UYDACI Mert
Published: January 2020

International advertisers face many complexities not encountered by domestic advertisers. The most basic issue concerns the degree to which global advertising should be adapted to the unique characteristics of various country markets. Cotnpanies vary in the degree to they adapt their advertising to local markets. In this article the differences behveen international advertising and national advertising have beeıt studied far the adaptation without trouble.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS AS INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT AND PRIVATIZATION: A CASE STUDY IN TURKEY
Authors: GİRAY Filiz
Published: January 2020

Artan globalleşme ve hızlı teknolojik ilerlemeler, telekomünikasyon sektöründe radikal değişimleri gerektirmiş olup, telekomünikasyon hizmetlerini klasik kalıpların dışına çıkarmıştır. 1980’ lerle birlikte birçok ülkede bu sektöre yönelik reformlar başlatılmıştır. Telekomünikasyon reformları; ticarileşme, şirketleşme, özelleştirme ve liberalizasyon denilen süreçlerden oluşmaktadır. Özelleştirme temel bir araç olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu makalenin amacı genel olarak; a) Telekomünikasyonun hizmetlerinin özelliklerini, telekomünikasyon sektöründe reformların nedenleri ve bu reformlar içinde özel bir öneme sahip olan özelleştirmeyi açıklamaktır. b) Spesifik olarak da, Türk telekomünikasyon sektöründeki özelleştirme incelenmektedir. Bu çalışma; ülke riski, sektör riski ve. global yatırımcılar için yatırımları değerlendirme fırsatlarında kullanılan şirket riski açılarından Türk telekomünikasyon sektörünün özelleştirme potansiyeli değerlendirilecektir. Bu çalışma sonucunda telekomünikasyon sektöründe başarılı bir reformun sadece özelleştirmeye bağlı olmadığı görülmektedir. Telekomünikasyonda reform bir süreci gerektirir. Bunların tümü telekomünikasyon sektörünün niteliğinden dolayı uygulanmalıdır.
PROFESYONEL FUTBOLDA GEÇER AKÇE : CEZAİ ŞART
Authors: GENÇ Durmuş Ali
Published: January 2020

In the Turkish Obligation Law there is punishment order and so much which is used in the football's order. It is useful to understand exactly of my opinion.
İPOTEKLİ BORÇLANMA ARAÇLARINDAN İPOTEKLİ BORÇ SENEDİ
Authors: BORA Ali
Published: January 2020

The development in the Financial markets leed to new financial products and if these financial products are liquid and safe it will be easily demanded by the public. The main prerequisite for this demand is that it must have a legal and regulative structure in which these products can operate in a simple way.
NAVAJO EL DOKUMACILIĞI
Authors: GÜLLER Kamil
Published: January 2020

Navajo Rugs” which are special kind of rings were woven by Navajo people in Southıvest part of N. America. The first samples of Navajo rugs are blankents which are dated quite earlier 1800’s. But first Navajo rug appeared after 1932 through different approaches by local Trading Posts. As a result of being this rug type very popular, they spread all over U.S. and Europe. Today, they continue their traditional weaving techniques, dying process, as well as traditional patterns.
ÜSTEL PROGRAMLAMA İLE PERSONEL ATAMA PROBLEMİNİN ANALİZİ
Authors: CAN Tuncay
Published: January 2020

İşletmeler, sık sık bünyelerindeki boş kadrolara en iyi adayları yerleştirme problemi ile karşılaşırlar. Seçimler özenle yapıldığı için' bu tür personel seçim süreci maliyeti arttırır. Sonuç olarak, firma minimum maliyetle belirli gereksinmeleri karşılayan bir personel atama sürecini gerçekleştirmelidir. Bu makalede, üstel eşitsizlik kısıtları ile üstel amaç fonksiyonunu minimize etme problemi formüle edilmiş ve üstel programlama tekniği ile çözülmüştür. Basit bir dönüşüm uygulanarak üstel programlama tekniği posynomial geometrik programlamaya dönüştürülmüş ve geometrik programlama tekniğindeki priaml-dual bağlantısı kullanarak personel atama probleminin optimal çözümü bulunmuştur. Personel atama probleminin amaç fonksiyonu ve kısıtlarının yapısı modelin bir üstel programlama metodu ve çözümünü gerektirmiştir. Üstel programlamanın çözümü için geometrik programlama metodu kullanılmıştır.
TRADE BLOCS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR NATIONAL ECONOMIES
Authors: AKSOY Haydar , GEGEZ Ercan , ARSLAN Müge
Published: January 2020

Son yıllarda giderek önem kazanmaya başlayan ticaret blokları, oluşumlarıyla birlikte çok çeşitli baskı grupları açısından etkili olmaktadır. Ticaret blokları sadece üyelerini değil ayını zamanda bu üye ülkelerin ticaret ortaklarını da etkileyebilmektedir. Bıı çalışmada ticaret bloklarının oluşumunda rol oynayan faktörlerle ticaret bloklarının milli ekonomiler üzerindeki olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri incelenecektir.
YÖNETİM UYGULAMALARINDA POSTMODERNİZMİN ETKİLERİ
Authors: CAN MUTLU Esin
Published: January 2020

ln this article begins with a brief preface in which some recent developments in management theory and then goes on to analyze the posrmodernizm for ali those interested in defanding organization sturacture.
YABANCI DİL EĞİTİMİNDE ATASÖZLERİ
Authors: DENİZ Tülin
Published: January 2020

La traduction tles proverbes, theme tui fait partie du programm des cours de J'ersion (Français/Turc), a permis aux etudiauts de l m Annee, de travailler sur la notion d’etpiivalence et defaire des recherches sur l'origine de ces proverbes.
ANONİM ŞİRKETLERİN MAHKEME KARARIYLA FESHİ
Authors: TOPÇUOĞLU Metin
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmanın konusu, fesih sebepleri gerçekleştiğinde feshe mahkemenin karar verdiği hallere ilişkin olduğundan, bütün fesih sebeplerini ayrıntılarına varıncaya kadar ele almak, çalışmamızın kapsamını aşar. Fakat, konunun daha anlaşılabilir bir hale getirilebilmesi açısından da genel olarak, sona erme sebeplerinden bahsedilmesi herhalde yararlı olacaktır.
Relativistic Theory of Irreversible Thermodynamics for Multi-Component Fluids and Its Post-Newtonian Limit in Relation to Classical Extended Thermodynamics
Authors: Chrobok Thoralf , von Borzeszkowski Horst-Heino
Published: January 2020

First, the special-relativistic Theory of Irreversible Processes for a multi-component fluid is formulated. It is based on (i) the balance equations of the particle number and the energy-momentum for the total system (i. e., the mixture of the components) as well as the sub-systems (i. e., the components) and (ii) the dissipation inequality and the Gibbs equation for the mixture. In order to allow for reactions between the single components, in contrast to the total system, the sub-systems are assumed to be open, which means that their particle number and energy-momentum are not constrained by conservation laws. Without making any assumptions on the thermodynamic behavior of the interacting components, one arrives at a thermodynamic description of the mixture showing now heat conduction and viscosity. In particular, this makes it possible to calculate the entropy production and, thus, to identify thermodynamic currents and forces. In a second part, the post-Newtonian limit of this theory is calculated to show that for the mixture there result relations known from classical Extended Thermodynamics that partly are corrected by entrainment terms. The mathematical origin and physical consequences of these terms are discussed.
Navigating choppy discourses: A conceptual framework for understanding synchronous text-based computer-mediated communication
Authors: de Oliveira Janaina Minelli , Esteve-González Vanessa
Published: January 2020

This paper presents an investigation into patterns of interaction in synchronous, text-based computer-mediated communication (SCMC) with a focus on participation. The data constitute a corpus of 3,785 words from a series of interactions between student teachers performing learning activities in a three-dimensional online environment. Drawing on a systemic functional grammar perspective of language, we aim to develop a conceptual framework for understanding participation as made up of interactional patterns in students’ linguistic exchanges while performing learning activities. Our findings show that verbal negotiation that creates a shared understanding of what the group should accomplish or a common view of how to perform the activity is more frequent than strict activity organization. We argue that there are features of CMC signaling higher levels of complexity than those ordinarily found in face to face or written communication. The three broad interactional features identified – blending, turn-taking collaboration and delay endurance – corroborate our claim. This paper presents evidence that participation in text-based SCMC with learning purposes demands a disposition for collaboration and solidarity, a capacity to endure delay, and the ability to manage a conglomerate of information and communication tools without instructions on how-to processes.
Dopaminergic Co-Regulation of Locomotor Development and Motor Neuron Synaptogenesis is Uncoupled by Hypoxia in Zebrafish
Authors: Son Jong-Hyun , Stevenson Tamara J. , Bowles Miranda D. , Scholl Erika A. , Bonkowsky Joshua L.
Published: January 2020

Hypoxic injury to the developing human brain is a complication of premature birth and is associated with long-term impairments of motor function. Disruptions of axon and synaptic connectivity have been linked to developmental hypoxia, but the fundamental mechanisms impacting motor function from altered connectivity are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of hypoxia on locomotor development in zebrafish. We found that developmental hypoxia resulted in decreased spontaneous swimming behavior in larva, and that this motor impairment persisted into adulthood. In evaluation of the diencephalic dopaminergic neurons, which regulate early development of locomotion and constitute an evolutionarily conserved component of the vertebrate dopaminergic system, hypoxia caused a decrease in the number of synapses from the descending dopaminergic diencephalospinal tract (DDT) to spinal cord motor neurons. Moreover, dopamine signaling from the DDT was coupled jointly to motor neuron synaptogenesis and to locomotor development. Together, these results demonstrate the developmental processes regulating early locomotor development and a requirement for dopaminergic projections and motor neuron synaptogenesis. Our findings suggest new insights for understanding the mechanisms leading to motor disability from hypoxic injury of prematurity.
The Rapid Emergence of Musical Pitch Structure in Human Cortex
Authors: Sankaran Narayan , Carlson Thomas A. , Thompson William Forde
Published: January 2020

In tonal music, continuous acoustic waveforms are mapped onto discrete, hierarchically arranged, internal representations of pitch. To examine the neural dynamics underlying this transformation, we presented male and female human listeners with tones embedded within a Western tonal context while recording their cortical activity using magnetoencephalography. Machine learning classifiers were then trained to decode different tones from their underlying neural activation patterns at each peristimulus time sample, providing a dynamic measure of their dissimilarity in cortex. Comparing the time-varying dissimilarity between tones with the predictions of acoustic and perceptual models, we observed a temporal evolution in the brain's representational structure. Whereas initial dissimilarities mirrored their fundamental-frequency separation, dissimilarities beyond 200 ms reflected the perceptual status of each tone within the tonal hierarchy of Western music. These effects occurred regardless of stimulus regularities within the context or whether listeners were engaged in a task requiring explicit pitch analysis. Lastly, patterns of cortical activity that discriminated between tones became increasingly stable in time as the information coded by those patterns transitioned from low-to-high level properties. Current results reveal the dynamics with which the complex perceptual structure of Western tonal music emerges in cortex at the timescale of an individual tone.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLittle is understood about how the brain transforms an acoustic waveform into the complex perceptual structure of musical pitch. Applying neural decoding techniques to the cortical activity of human subjects engaged in music listening, we measured the dynamics of information processing in the brain on a moment-to-moment basis as subjects heard each tone. In the first 200 ms after onset, transient patterns of neural activity coded the fundamental frequency of tones. Subsequently, a period emerged during which more temporally stable activation patterns coded the perceptual status of each tone within the “tonal hierarchy” of Western music. Our results provide a crucial link between the complex perceptual structure of tonal music and the underlying neural dynamics from which it emerges.
When the Going Gets Tough: Utilization of SpyGlass, or Drainage Followed by Stone Removal
Authors: Oh Chi Hyuk
Published: January 2020

At least 90% of stones are extracted after conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. However, some cases are still difficult to manage completely. We describe some methods of removing difficult common bile duct stones through a single-operator cholangioscopy using SpyGlass system, direct peroral cholangioscopy, and temporary biliary stenting.
Interaction between early environment and genetic predisposition instigates the metabolically obese, normal weight phenotype in children: findings from the BCAMS study
Authors: Li Ge , Li Yu , Han Lanwen , Wang Dongmei , Zhang Qian , Xiao Xinhua , Qi Lu , Willi Steven M , Li Ming , Mi Jie , Gao Shan
Published: January 2020

Objective

A subset of normal-weight individuals appears predisposed to obesity-related cardiometabolic abnormalities. Studies of this metabolically obese, normal weight (MONW) phenotype in youth are scarce. We aimed to identify early environmental and genetic factors associated with MONW in children.

Methods

Overall, 1475 normal-weight Chinese children aged 6–18 were recruited from the Beijing Children and Adolescents Metabolic Syndrome study cohort. Birthweight, childhood lifestyle, socio-economic factors, and 20 genetic variants previously shown to be associated with BMI or glucose metabolism in East Asian adults were examined for their association with the MONW phenotype. MONW was defined by exhibiting any metabolic syndrome component.

Results

After adjusting for covariates including BMI, low birthweight and low levels of physical activity, fruit consumption, parental education and household income, as well as CDKAL1 rs2206734 genotype were independent predictors of the MONW phenotype (all P < 0.05). Moreover, rs2206734 interacted with birthweight to predict the MONW phenotype (Pinteraction = 0.0008). Among high (>75th percentile) birthweight individuals, each C allele at this locus was associated with a 62% reduced risk of MONW (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.26-0.58; P = 5.71 × 10−6), while no such genetic associations were found in intermediate or low birthweight individuals (P > 0.1). This CDKAL1-MONW relationship in high birthweight individuals was especially strong in the presence of favorable childhood environmental factors (high levels of physical activity, fruit consumption, parental education and household income) (Pinteraction = 0.013).

Conclusions

Our findings provided the novel evidence that early environment (especially birthweight) and genetics, along with their interaction with one another, play important roles in predicting the MONW phenotype among children.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Autoimmune hypopituitarism: novel mechanistic insights
Authors: Takahashi Yutaka
Published: January 2020

Hypopituitarism is caused by various insults to the pituitary, such as hypothalamic and pituitary tumors, inflammation, autoimmunity, vascular injury, genetic abnormalities, irradiation, and trauma. Recently, it has been found that autoimmunity to the pituitary involves many pathological conditions associated with specific or non-specific hormone deficiencies in the gland. This review discusses the recent findings on the underlying mechanism of autoimmune hypopituitarism particularly of lymphocytic hypophysitis, IgG4-related hypophysitis, immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hypophysitis, anti-PIT-1 hypophysitis, and isolated ACTH deficiency.
Detrimental effects of uterine disease and lipopolysaccharide on luteal angiogenesis
Authors: Mohammed Zeravan A , Robinson Robert S , Harris Rachel , McLaughlin Yasmin , Turnbull Kaitlin E M , Mann George E , Woad Kathryn J
Published: January 2020

Reproductive tract inflammatory disease (RTID) commonly occurs after the traumatic events of parturition and adversely affects follicular function. This study is the first to describe the cellular and steroidogenic characteristics of corpora lutea from cattle with RTID and the effects of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on luteal angiogenesis and function in vitro. Luteal weight (P < 0.05) and progesterone content (P < 0.05) were reduced (1.2-fold) in cows with RTID, accompanied by reduced CYP11A (P < 0.05), HSD3B (P < 0.01) and STAR (P < 0.01) protein expression. Immunohistochemistry revealed that luteal vascularity (VWF) and pericyte (ACTA2) coverage were >3-fold lower in RTID cows (P < 0.05). To link these observations to bacterial infection and determine specificity of action, a physiologically relevant luteal angiogenesis culture system examined the effects of PAMPs on endothelial cell (EC) network formation and progesterone production, in the presence of pro-angiogenic factors. Luteal EC networks were reduced ≤95% (P < 0.05) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonist) but not by TLR2 agonists lipoteichoic acid or peptidoglycan. Conversely, progesterone production and steroidogenic protein expression were unaffected by PAMPs (P > 0.05). Moreover, the adverse effect of LPS on luteal EC networks was dose-dependent and effective from 1 ng/mL (P < 0.05), while few EC networks were present above 10 ng/mL LPS (P < 0.001). LPS reduced proliferation (P < 0.05) and increased apoptosis of EC (P < 0.001). The specific TLR4 inhibitor TAK242 reversed the effects of LPS on EC networks. In conclusion, luteal vasculature is adversely sensitive to LPS acting via TLR4, therefore ovarian exposure to LPS from any Gram-negative bacterial infection will profoundly influence subsequent reproductive potential.