bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Garcinone E induces apoptosis and inhibits migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Xu Xiao-Huang , Liu Qian-Yu , Li Ting , Liu Jian-Lin , Chen Xin , Huang Li , Qiang Wen-An , Chen Xiuping , Wang Yitao , Lin Li-Gen , Lu Jin-Jian
Published: August 2017

Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecological malignant tumor. In this study, 24 xanthones were isolated and identified from the pericarps of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), and their anti-proliferative activities were tested in ovarian cancer cells. Garcinone E (GE) was found to exhibit excellent anti-proliferative effects among the tested xanthones. It significantly inhibited the proliferation in HEY, A2780, and A2780/Taxol cells as evidenced by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, Hoechst 33342 staining, annexin V/PI staining, and JC-1 staining. It induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activated the protective inositol-requiring kinase (IRE)-1α pathway. Knocking down IRE-1α further activated the caspase cascade and caused an increase in cell death. Moreover, GE eliminated the migratory ability of HEY cells by reducing the expression of RhoA and Rac. It also blocked the invasion, which might be related to downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), i.e., MMP-9 and MMP-2, and upregulation of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) -1 and TIMP-2. In summary, GE exerts anticancer activities by inducing apoptosis and suppressing migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells, which indicates its therapeutic potential for ovarian cancer.
Electric field controllable magnetic coupling of localized spins mediated by itinerant electrons: a toy model
Authors: Palii Andrew , Aldoshin Sergey , Tsukerblat Boris , Clemente-Juan Juan Modesto , Gaita-Ariño Alejandro , Coronado Eugenio
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we propose a toy model to describe the magnetic coupling between the localized spins mediated by the itinerant electron in partially delocalized mixed-valence (MV) systems.
Enhancement in thermoelectric performance of SiGe nanoalloys dispersed with SiC nanoparticles
Authors: Bathula Sivaiah , Jayasimhadri M. , Gahtori Bhasker , Kumar Anil , Srivastava A. K. , Dhar Ajay
Published: August 2017

The enhancement of thermoelectric figure-of-merit with SiC dispersion in SiGe nanostructured alloy.
Revealing the distinct thermal transition behavior between PEGA-based linear polymers and their disulfide cross-linked nanogels
Authors: Sun Wenhui , An Zesheng , Wu Peiyi
Published: August 2017

Description of the distinct thermal transition behavior between PEGA-based linear polymers and their disulfide cross-linked nanogels at a molecular level.
Geometric and electronic properties of ultrathin anatase TiO2(001) films
Authors: Ma Xiangchao , Wu Xin , Zhao Xunwang , Sun Hao
Published: August 2017

The electronic structures of TiO2(001) films exhibit pronounced odd–even oscillations with the number of atomic layers in them.
Recent advances in understanding of the mechanism and control of Li2O2formation in aprotic Li–O2batteries
Authors: Lyu Zhiyang , Zhou Yin , Dai Wenrui , Cui Xinhang , Lai Min , Wang Li , Huo Fengwei , Huang Wei , Hu Zheng , Chen Wei
Published: August 2017

This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in the mechanism studies and control strategies of Li2O2formation in aprotic Li–O2batteries.
Recent advances in catalytic asymmetric synthesis of allenes
Authors: Chu Wen-Dao , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: August 2017

This minireview summarizes the recent advances in the synthesis of allenes with catalytic asymmetric methods.
Selective oxidation of propene to acrolein on FeMoTeO catalysts: determination of active phase and enhancement of catalytic activity and stability
Authors: Tonelli M. , Aouine M. , Massin L. , Belliere Baca V. , Millet J. M. M.
Published: August 2017

Multicomponent FeMoTeO catalysts have been synthesized and studied for mild propene oxidation to acrolein.
Influence of Ca doping and calcination temperature on selective catalytic oxidation of NO over Mn–Ca–Ox–(CO3)ycatalysts
Authors: Zhang Ruiyuan , Wang Chi , Li Kai , Sun Xin , Ning Ping , Tang Lihong , Liu Ye
Published: August 2017

Selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) is an unconventional technology for denitration.
Nuclearity versus oxidation state in the catalytic efficiency of MnII/IIIazo Schiff base complexes: computational study on supramolecular interactions and phenoxazinone synthase-like activity
Authors: Banerjee Saikat , Brandão Paula , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Barceló-Oliver Miquel , Panja Anangamohan , Saha Amrita
Published: August 2017

Supramolecular interactions of a mononuclear Mn(iii) and a tetranuclear Zn(ii)–Mn(ii) complexes and their comparative bio mimetic catalytic activity have been reported.
Alkyl phosphonic acid-based ligands as tools for converting hydrophobic iron nanoparticles into water soluble iron–iron oxide core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Gharbi Kais , Salles Florent , Mathieu Paul , Amiens Catherine , Collière Vincent , Coppel Yannick , Philippot Karine , Fontaine Laurent , Montembault Véronique , Smiri Leila Samia , Ciuculescu-Pradines Diana
Published: August 2017

Transfer of Fe nanoparticles into water using phosphonates.
A nucleic acid logic gate system that distinguishes different sets of inputs from one miRNA collection with shared members
Authors: Zhang You , Zheng Xiangjiang , Xia Lian , You Jinmao , Ren Rui
Published: August 2017

A proof-of-principle logic system was established to process multi-input and multi-output logic relationships with the aim of identifying the tissue origins of cancer in light of their established relationships with miRNA distributions.
Field-driven pattern formation in nematic liquid crystals: mesoscopic simulations of electroconvection
Authors: Lee Kuang-Wu , Pöschel Thorsten
Published: August 2017

Directional flow, which has the potential for precise colloidal transportation, is found in liquid crystal microfluidics under an external electric field.
Incensfuran: isolation, X-ray crystal structure and absolute configuration by means of chiroptical studies in solution and solid state
Authors: Rehman Najeeb Ur , Hussain Hidayat , Al-Shidhani Sulaiman , Avula Satya Kumar , Abbas Ghulam , Anwar Muhammad Usman , Górecki Marcin , Pescitelli Gennaro , Al-Harrasi Ahmed
Published: August 2017

A new cembrane diterpene named incensfuran (1), biogenetically derived from incensole (2), was isolated from crude extracts of the Boswellia papyrifera Hochst.
2,5-bis(4-alkoxycarbonylphenyl)-1,4-diaryl-1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole (AAPP) AIEgens: tunable RIR and TICT characteristics and their multifunctional applications
Authors: Li Kai , Liu Yuanyuan , Li Yuanyuan , Feng Qi , Hou Hongwei , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: August 2017

Novel propeller-like AIEgens with tunable emission were readily prepared and used as a fluorescent thermometer and selective chemosensor for Cd(ii) detection.
Propagation of a thermo-mechanical perturbation on a lipid membrane
Authors: Pérez-Camacho M. I. , Ruiz-Suárez J. C.
Published: August 2017

A phase transition produced within a tiny region of a lipid membrane under water travels far away, suggesting that solitons may propagate in nerves.
Facile fabrication of freestanding all-carbon activated carbon membranes for high-performance and universal pollutant management
Authors: Yang Kaijie , Zhu Xiaoying , Chen Baoliang
Published: August 2017

Freestanding all-carbon activated carbon membranes were fabricated for the first time and displayed powerful pollutant molecule, organism and nanoparticle management.
Efficient and stable electroreduction of CO2to CH4on CuS nanosheet arrays
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Peng Xianyun , Liu Xijun , Sun Xiaoming , Shi Jing , Han Lili , Li Guoliang , Luo Jun
Published: August 2017

Efficient electrocatalytic activity for CO2reduction based on CuS nanosheet arrays is first presented. The resultant electrode exhibits high catalytic activity and durability for CO2electroreduction.
Prepolymerization-assisted fabrication of an ultrathin immobilized layer to realize a semi-embedded wrinkled AgNW network for a smart electrothermal chromatic display and actuator
Authors: Fan Hongwei , Li Kerui , Li Qiang , Hou Chengyi , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang , Jin Wusong , Wang Hongzhi
Published: August 2017

The ultrathin PDMS layer was prepared to cover and immobilize the wrinkled AgNW network via a facile spin-coating method.
Bright structural coloration from organic polymeric photonic crystals with robust heat-resistance
Authors: Li Feihu , Tang Bingtao , Wu Suli , Ma Wei , Zhang Shufen
Published: August 2017

Polymeric photonic crystals with robust heat-resistance and bright structural color were constructed from self-assembled thiodiphenol–formaldehyde microspheres which possess a cross-linked structure.
A Very Unlikely Finding in a Male Child: Urethral Prolapse
Authors: Durakbaşa Çiğdem , Gercel Gonca , Mutus Murat , Aksu Burhan , Ozkanli Seyma
Published: August 2017

Urethral prolapse is a disease of prepubertal black girls and postmenopausal women with an unknown cause. It may be congenital in origin or an acquired condition. It has never been reported in males. We report a 10-year-old Caucasian boy who presented because of recurrent right undescended testis. He had been operated on for bilateral undescended testes 7 years ago in another hospital, and circumcision was done during the same operation. The boy complained of a weak urinary stream during voiding. The physical examination was consistent with recurrent right undescended testis. Penile examination showed a circumferential urethral prolapse around the meatus. The urethral meatal appearance was apparent right after the circumcision. An orchiopexy operation as well as circumferential excision of the perimeatal urethral tissue with primary repair was done. The pathological examination of the specimen revealed keratinized stratified squamous epithelium consistent with urethral mucosa. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient urinates normally at the 8 postoperative month with a normal uroflowmetry study. This is the first report of urethral prolapse in a male. Because circumcision is a widely employed practice in many cultures, it is unlikely to be a predisposing factor. It is a benign condition that can be cured with simple resection and anastomosis.
Verletzungen auf dem Schulhof – Eine Analyse individueller und kontextueller Faktoren
Authors: Stadtmüller Sven , Klocke Andreas , Giersiefen Andrea , Lipp Robert
Published: August 2017

Ziel der Studie Verletzungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zählen zu den dringendsten Public Health Problemen in Deutschland. Neben Unfällen im Haushalt und in der Freizeit ist insbesondere der Lebensbereich Schule von großer Bedeutung. Hinsichtlich der Einflussfaktoren auf Schulverletzungen bestehen jedoch erhebliche Forschungslücken. Hier setzt der Beitrag an und analysiert individuelle und kontextuelle Faktoren, die auf das Verletzungsgeschehen in der Schule Einfluss nehmen. Dabei werden speziell Verletzungen untersucht, die sich auf dem Schulhof ereignen.

Methodik Die Datengrundlage bildet die zweite Erhebungswelle der Panelstudie „Gesundheitsverhalten und Unfallgeschehen im Schulalter“ (GUS). Im Anschluss an eine Zufallsauswahl von allgemeinbildenden weiterführenden Schulen in 11 Bundesländern wurden 10089 Schüler/innen im Alter von 11–13 Jahren aus 138 Schulen im Klassenverbund mittels eines standardisierten elektronischen Fragebogens befragt. Neben dem Unfall- und Verletzungsgeschehen deckt der Fragebogen eine Bandbreite anderer Themen, wie z. B. das Gesundheit- und Freizeitverhalten, ab und erhebt zugleich auch Informationen über die Schule. Die Einflussfaktoren auf Schulhofverletzungen werden anhand von multivariaten logistischen Mehrebenmodellen analysiert.

Ergebnisse In der zweiten Erhebungswelle berichteten 5,8% der befragten Schüler/innen, sich in den letzten 12 Monaten mind. eine behandlungsbedürftige Verletzung auf dem Schulhof zugezogen zu haben. Zusammenhänge mit dem Verletzungsgeschehen auf dem Schulhof zeigen sich für individuelle Faktoren, wie für das Geschlecht (weiblich, OR=0,53), Mobbingerfahrungen (OR=1,68), Schlafstörungen (OR=1,07) und für die individuelle sportliche Aktivität (OR=1,03). Obgleich die Varianz primär auf Individualmerkmale zurückgeht, spielen auch einzelne Kontextmerkmale eine Rolle: An Schulen, deren Zustand von den dort beschulten Schüler/innen besser eingeschätzt wird, ist auch das Verletzungsrisiko geringer (OR=0,60).

Schlussfolgerung Präventionsmaßnahmen lassen sich aufgrund dieser Ergebnisse gezielt sowohl auf Individual- als auch Kontextebene ausrichten: Zum einen sollte die Prävention von Mobbing vor diesem Hintergrund fokussiert, aber auch der Zustand der Schulen weiterhin in den Blick genommen werden.
Sporttherapie bei Krebs
Authors: Krebs Stephanie , Berling-Ernst Anika , Halle Martin
Published: August 2017

Der Stellenwert einer regelmäßigen körperlichen Aktivität bei Vorliegen einer Krebserkrankung wurde bis vor wenigen Jahren noch deutlich unterschätzt; sie wurde Betroffenen bis in die neunziger Jahre sogar zum Teil komplett untersagt. Inzwischen konnte eine Vielzahl an Studien positive Effekte in der Tertiärprävention auf erkrankungs- und therapieassoziierte Nebenwirkungen zeigen. So finden sich neben einer Verbesserung der physischen Fitness und der Lebensqualität, nicht selten eine Abnahme der Fatigue-Symptomatik und eine Reduktion von depressiver Symptomatik. Auch bezogen auf Prognose, Rezidivfreiheit und Gesamtmortalität finden sich insbesondere bei Mammakarzinom, Kolonkarzinom und Prostatakarzinom positive Effekte, allerdings bisher nur in Kohortenstudien. Viele Studien zeigen, dass ein regelmäßiges Training möglichst frühzeitig während einer Chemotherapie, Strahlentherapie oder Hormontherapie erfolgen sollte. Die Basis einer Sporttherapie liegt in einer Kombination aus einem regelmäßigen Ausdauertraining (moderat bis intensiv) begleitet von gezielten Kraftübungen und einem Koordinationstraining. Diese muss immer individuell auf den Patienten abgestimmt werden.
Information technology sourcing changes in an SME: Ça Va de Soi in the cloud with diamonds
Authors: Bourdeau Simon , Vieru Dragos
Published: August 2017

This case study presents the information technology (IT) sourcing decisions made by a Canadian small and medium enterprise specializing in knitwear, called Ça Va de Soi ( CVDS), during the deployment of the second phase of their two-phase organizational strategy based on a “Bricks and Clicks” business model. CVDS has 30 employees and 5 stores with annual sales of around $CDN 5 million (2015). The case focuses on phase two, the “Clicks,” where an IT project, divided into two parallel subprojects, was realized: (1) the custom development of an ERP system, and (2) the creation of an online e-commerce. The project was based on an “on-premises” sourcing strategy where the information systems were developed “in-house” by external service providers. After several months of efforts, the subprojects were abandoned and CVDS’ activities were rolled back to their legacy systems (Part A). Pulling the plug on the IT project was a tough decision for CVDS who still needed the online store to be implemented in order to support its stores’ activities. However, CVDS’ management team considered this failure as an opportunity to learn from their mistakes, review, and transform its IT sourcing strategy (Part B).
Current-induced magnetic domain wall motion in Pt/Co/Pd and Pd/Co/Pt structures with opposite sign of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Authors: Guan Yicheng , Koyama Tomohiro , Chiba Daichi
Published: August 2017

The authors have investigated magnetic domain wall (DW) motion induced by electrical current in the perpendicularly magnetized Pt/Co/Pd and Pd/Co/Pt structures. In these systems, owing to the spin-orbit torque (SOT) and the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), the DW moves in the current flowing direction. On the other hand, the threshold current density, DW velocity and magnitude of the DMI were found to be different between them even though the same combination of the materials are used. This results suggest that the SOT induced DW motion is significantly influenced by the stack sequence of the film.
Stationary distribution of a stochastic SIS epidemic model with double diseases and the Beddington-DeAngelis incidence
Authors: Liu Qun , Jiang Daqing
Published: August 2017

In this paper, a stochastic Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) epidemic model with double diseases and the Beddington-DeAngelis incidence is proposed and studied. Sufficient conditions for the existence of an ergodic stationary distribution of the positive solutions to the model are obtained via the Lyapunov function method. The existence of stationary distribution implies stochastic stability to some extent.
Origin of insulating weak-ferromagnetic phase in ultra-thin La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 films on SrTiO3 substrate
Authors: Li Yun , Choi Euiyoung , Kim Shin-Ik , Baek Seung-Hyub , Park Seung-Young , Jo Younghun , Seo Jiwon
Published: August 2017

We investigate the origin of insulating weak-ferromagnetic phase in ultra-thin epitaxial La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) films on SrTiO3 substrate using density functional theory calculation together with X-ray linear dichroism (XLD). The calculations show that symmetry breaking of the crystal field at the LSMO surface largely lowers the energy level of Mn d3z2 orbital at the surface and leads to full occupancy of the d3z2 orbital in majority spin channel, and XLD spectra clearly show the preferential occupation of Mn d3z2 orbital at the surface. Such an orbital reconstruction and charge redistribution in the ultra-thin films largely suppresses double-exchange interaction and favors super-exchange interaction, resulting in G-type antiferromagnetic spin ordering and insulating state. The anisotropic exchange interaction due to spin-orbital interaction leads to spin canting, and thus the films show weak ferromagnetism.
Line-shape theory of the X3Σg−→a1Δg,b1Σg+ transitions in O2–O2 collision-induced absorption
Authors: Karman Tijs , van der Avoird Ad , Groenenboom Gerrit C.
Published: August 2017

We derive the theory of collision-induced absorption for electronic transitions in the approximation of an isotropic interaction potential. We apply this theory to the spin-forbidden X3Σg−→a1Δg and X3Σg−→b1Σg+ transitions in O2–O2, which are relevant for calibration in atmospheric studies. We consider two mechanisms for breaking the spin symmetry, either by the intermolecular exchange interaction between paramagnetic collision partners or by the intramolecular spin-orbit coupling. The calculations for the exchange-based mechanism employ the diabatic potential energy surfaces and transition dipole moment surfaces reported in Paper I [T. Karman et al., J. Chem. Phys. 147, 084306 (2017)]. We show that the line shape of the theoretical absorption spectra is insensitive to the large uncertainty in the electronic transition dipole moment surfaces. We also perform calculations using a simple model of the alternative mechanism involving intramolecular spin-orbit coupling, which leads to absorption intensities which are well below the experimental results. The relative intensity of this spin-orbit-based mechanism may impact the relative contribution to the absorption by collisions with diamagnetic collision partners, such as the atmospherically relevant N2 molecule. We furthermore show that both the line shape and temperature dependence are signatures of the underlying transition mechanism.
A quasi-classical study of energy transfer in collisions of hyperthermal H atoms with SO2 molecules
Authors: da Silva Ramon S. , Garrido Juan D. , Ballester Maikel Y.
Published: August 2017

A deep understanding of energy transfer processes in molecular collisions is at central attention in physical chemistry. Particularly vibrational excitation of small molecules colliding with hot light atoms, via a metastable complex formation, has shown to be an efficient manner of enhancing reactivity. A quasi-classical trajectory study of translation-to-vibration energy transfer (T-V ET) in collisions of hyperthermal H(2S) atoms with SO2(X̃1A′) molecules is presented here. For such a study, a double many-body expansion potential energy surface previously reported for HSO2(2A) is used. This work was motivated by recent experiments by Ma et al. studying collisions of H + SO2 at the translational energy of 59 kcal/mol [J. Ma et al., Phys. Rev. A 93, 040702 (2016)]. Calculations reproduce the experimental evidence that during majority of inelastic non-reactive collision processes, there is a metastable intermediate formation (HOSO or HSO2). Nevertheless, the analysis of the trajectories shows that there are two distinct mechanisms in the T-V ET process: direct and indirect. Direct T-V processes are responsible for the high population of SO2 with relatively low vibrational excitation energy, while indirect ones dominate the conversion from translational energy to high values of the vibrational counterpart.
Comment on “Plasma fireball: A unique tool to fabricate patterned nanodots” [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88, 063507 (2017)]
Authors: Gruenwald J.
Published: August 2017

The article of Chauhan et al. [“Plasma fireball: A unique tool to fabricate patterned nanodots,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88(6), 063507 (2017)] describes the very interesting idea of utilising the plasma phenomenon of fireballs for the creation of patterned nanodots on a GaSb substrate. For this purpose, the authors obtained a large plasma fireball in a magnetised background plasma and used it to accelerate ions in the sheath, which surrounds such a fireball. Chauhan et al. were able to demonstrate the production of large ion fluxes that can be extracted from the fireball and that the properties of these fluxes define the geometric structure of the nanodots on the substrate surface. Hence, the nanodot pattern can be easily controlled by the discharge parameters of the plasma fireball. This is clearly a novel method of fireball-induced surface modification. However, plasma fireballs themselves have been known for about hundred years, although as a very particular plasma phenomenon. Therefore, this letter aims at providing some additional background information and references on this topic for the interested reader.
Simulation and optimization of a solar-assisted heating and cooling system for a house in Northern of Iran
Authors: Hoseinzadeh Siamak , Azadi Reza
Published: August 2017

Systems that use solar as a renewable and green energy, especially in warm countries, can be used to supply heating/cooling energy. In this research, a transient simulation model of solar-assisted heating and cooling systems (SHCs) was investigated for a duplex house in a northern city of Iran. It should be noted that the simultaneous use of electrical energy during the day to cool domestic and industrial buildings increases peak electricity demand, so this matter generates many problems. The cooling capacity of the absorption chiller and the solar collector area was designed on the basis of the maximum cooling load, and the auxiliary gas-fired boiler was also used in summer to feed the absorption chiller, in case of scarce solar irradiation. The building was simulated using a single-lumped capacitance model and developed by Matlab software, including analysis of the dynamic behavior of the building in which the SHC systems were supposed to be installed. The results of the case study were analyzed on a monthly basis, paying special attention to the energy. The results are encouraging as to the potential of saving energy. In contrast, SHCs still appear far from economic profitability; however, this is notoriously true for the great majority of renewable energy systems.
Low temperature acoustic characterization of PMN single crystal
Authors: Smirnova E. , Sotnikov A. , Ktitorov S. , Schmidt H.
Published: August 2017

This acoustic study of the relaxor single crystal PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 is focused on the temperature evolution of longitudinal and shear ultrasonic wave velocities as well as on their attenuation within the temperature range of 4.2–300 K. Temperature dependences of all three independent elastic constants for the cubic structure (C11, C44, and C12) along with the bulk modulus B, the Cauchy ratio, and the degree of lattice anisotropy were derived from the velocity data set. Important parameters such as the Debye temperature, the Grüneisen parameter H, and the Poisson ratio were determined at cryogenic temperatures as well. Deep minima were found for C11 and C44 around the temperature Tm where the dielectric constant reaches a maximum, followed by a drastic increase of C11 and C44 at decreasing temperature and ultimately by a saturation at temperatures below 25 K. The behavior of these constants at T < Tm corresponds well to relations resulting from the Einstein-oscillator model. A changeover of C12(T) dependence from increasing at T < Tm to unexpected monotonic decreasing behavior upon cooling from inflection temperature Ti ≈ 220 K followed by a saturation at T < 25 K was found. Furthermore, the behavior of C12 (T) and interrelated parameters such as B and H was analyzed on the basis of the concept of phonon pressure due to the thermal expansion. It is essential that the electrostriction contribution was taken into account, as well.
High electrical conductivity of individual epitaxially grown MoO2 nanorods
Authors: Xie Qiliang , Zheng Xiaoming , Wu Di , Chen Xiaoliu , Shi Jiao , Han Xintong , Zhang Xueao , Peng Gang , Gao Yongli , Huang Han
Published: August 2017

Molybdenum dioxides (MoO2) have potential applications in batteries owing to their good electrical conductivity. Here, we report the electrical properties of high-quality MoO2 nanorods grown using chemical vapor deposition which are partially wrapped in MoS2 on c-sapphire [α-Al2O3(0001)] substrates and subsequently transferred onto Si wafers for device fabrication. The as-fabricated devices with the individual MoO2 nanorods showed a high electrical conductivity of 6.04 × 103 S/cm and a low contact resistance of 33 Ω, thus demonstrating a superior electrical performance than in any other previous reports on MoO2-based devices. The MoS2 wrapping around the rods had a negligible effect on the conductivity. The electrical conductivity of the MoO2 nanorods was observed to decline in air when a high voltage was applied; this could be mitigated by packaging the nanorods using SiO2 or holding them under high vacuum. Our results provide the foundation for understanding the properties and potential applications of MoO2 nanorods in nanoscale electronic devices.
Utilising mobilisation of body reserves to improve the management of phosphorus nutrition of breeder cows
Authors: Dixon R. M. , Kidd L. J. , Coates D. B. , Anderson S. T. , Benvenutti M. A. , Fletcher M. T. , McNeill D. M.
Published: August 2017

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major constraint to the productivity of breeder herds grazing low-P rangelands due to adverse effects on growth and fertility. However, P supplementation during the wet season, when additional dietary P is most needed, is often difficult due to practical constraints. Body P reserves in breeders can be mobilised and alleviate dietary P deficiency within an annual cycle. Approaches to estimate bone P reserves and net mobilisation or replenishment of P from the analysis of rib and hip (tuber coxae) biopsies are discussed. In at least some circumstances, breeder cows grazing P-deficient pastures mobilise bone P to alleviate the effects of diet P deficiency. Recent experiments with breeders have investigated mobilisation of body P to alleviate the adverse effects of dietary P deficiency during pregnancy and early lactation, and subsequent replenishment of body P reserves. Both mature cows and first-calf cows (FCC) calving in a high P status and fed severely P-deficient diets during lactation were able to mobilise sufficient body P reserves to provide milk for moderate calf growth (viz. 0.6–0.8 kg liveweight (LW)/day for 3 months), but this was associated with rapid cow-LW loss and markedly decreased bone P content. First-calf cows appear to have lesser capacity than mature cows to mobilise body P. FCC fed P-adequate diets during late pregnancy maintained high voluntary intakes and had higher LW and bone P reserves at calving. When fed a P-deficient diet during early lactation, these greater bone P reserves were utilised. Bone P reserves can be replenished by P-adequate diets fed post-weaning. Breeder management that relies more on mobilising body P reserves when P demands are high and on replacing these body P reserves when P demands are lower offers an opportunity to alleviate the effects of dietary P deficiencies during the early wet season in situations where P supplementation is not possible.
Application of Hole-Transporting Materials as the Interlayer in Graphene Oxide/Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Yu LePing , Grace Tom , Pham Hong Duc , Batmunkh Munkhbayar , Dadkhah Mahnaz , Shearer Cameron , Sonar Prashant , Shapter Joe
Published: August 2017

Solid-state hole-transporting materials, including the traditional poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and recently developed 4,4′-(naphthalene-2,6-diyl)bis(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline) (NAP) and (E)-4′,4‴-(ethene-1,2-diyl)bis(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-[1″,1‴-biphenyl]-4-amine) (BPV), have been applied as a hole-transporting interlayer (HTL) for graphene oxide/single-walled carbon nanotube–silicon (GOCNT/Si) heterojunction solar cells, forming a GOCNT/HTL/Si architecture. The influence of the thickness of the HTL has been studied. A new AuCl3 doping process based on bath immersion has been developed and proved to improve the efficiency. With the AuCl3-doped GOCNT electrodes, the efficiency of GOCNT/PEDOT:PSS/Si, GOCNT/NAP/Si, and GOCNT/BPV/Si devices was improved to 12.05 ± 0.21, 10.57 ± 0.37, and 10.68 ± 0.27 % respectively. This study reveals that the addition of an HTL is able to dramatically minimise recombination at the heterojunction interface.
Role of remodeling and spacing factor 1 in histone H2A ubiquitination-mediated gene silencing
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Jones Amanda E. , Wu Wei , Kim Jinman , Kang Yue , Bi Xiaobao , Gu Yue , Popov Ivan K. , Renfrow Matthew B. , Vassylyeva Marina N. , Vassylyev Dmitry G. , Giles Keith E. , Chen Dongquan , Kumar Ashwath , Fan Yuhong , Tong Yufeng , Liu Chuan-Fa , An Woojin , Chang Chenbei , Luo Jianjun , Chow Louise T. , Wang Hengbin
Published: August 2017

Significance

Histone H2AK119 ubiquitination (H2Aub), as mediated by Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), is a prevalent modification which has been linked to gene silencing. We report that remodeling and spacing factor 1 (RSF1), a subunit of the RSF complex, is a H2Aub-binding protein. It reads H2Aub through a previously uncharacterized ubiquitinated H2A binding (UAB) domain. We show that RSF1 is required both for H2Aub-target gene silencing and for maintaining stable nucleosome patterns at promoter regions. The role of RSF1 in H2Aub function is further supported by the observation that RSF1 and Ring1, a
Xenopus
PRC1 subunit mediating H2Aub, regulate in concert mesodermal cell specification and gastrulation during
Xenopus
embryogenesis. This study reveals that RSF1 mediates the gene-silencing function of H2Aub.
Review of research progress on aluminium–magnesium dissimilar friction stir welding
Authors: Shah L. H. , Othman N. H. , Gerlich A.
Published: August 2017

The paper critically assesses the research progress towards aluminium–magnesium dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW). First, the theoretical requirements are explored through the understanding of joining mechanism and heat generation in aluminium–magnesium FSW. Next, the observed trends in microstructural characterisation and mechanical properties are analysed. Finally, the effects of welding parameters and how it influences process variables and materials responses are discussed in detail, and several suggestions are made based on these discussions.
Reasoning about redundant and non-redundant alternative causes of a single outcome: Blocking or enhancement caused by the stronger cause
Authors: Baetu Irina , Baker A. G.
Published: August 2017

Perceptions of the effectiveness of a moderate probabilistic cause are influenced by the presence of stronger alternative causes. One important idea is that this influence occurs because the strong cause renders the weaker one statistically redundant. Alternatively, the causes might be contrasted to each other, so the stronger cause may simply overpower perceptions of the weaker one. Causes may have the same polarity (e.g., two generative/excitatory causes or two preventive/inhibitory causes) or be of opposite polarity (e.g., a generative cause versus a preventive or inhibitory cause). Previously, we found that the presence of a stronger redundant alternative cause of the same polarity reduces causal judgements of the moderate cause (i.e., blocking occurs) but a stronger cause of the opposite polarity enhances judgements of the moderate cause (i.e., enhancement). Experiments 1 and 2 further explored these cue competition effects with redundant and non-redundant alternative causes (i.e., correlated versus independent alternatives). We generally found that blocking and enhancement occur with both redundant and non-redundant alternative causes. This is inconsistent with an information processing view of cue competition that relies on statistical redundancy to account for blocking. Although these results are inconsistent with a redundancy information processing account of cue competition and are consistent with our earlier contrast account, we demonstrate here that a simple associative model can account for the sometimes apparently contradictory effects of cue competition.
Situational relevance: Context as a factor in serial overshadowing of taste aversion learning
Authors: Kwok Dorothy WS , Boakes Robert A
Published: August 2017

In a serial overshadowing procedure, a target stimulus, A, is followed after an interval by a potentially interfering stimulus, B, and this is then followed by an unconditioned stimulus (US). An untested proposal from over four decades ago was that the degree to which B overshadows conditioning of A depends on whether or not the two events take place in the same context. To test this, two experiments used a 1-trial long-delay conditioned taste aversion (CTA) procedure: sucrose served as the target taste (A) and dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) as the overshadowing taste (B), with lithium chloride injection providing the US. In Experiment 1, these tastes were novel: weaker overshadowing by HCl of an aversion to sucrose was found when the two tastes were presented in different contexts. Experiment 2 tested whether the effect of pre-exposure to HCl, thereby rendering it less effective in overshadowing a sucrose aversion, was also context dependent. In the conditioning session, rats again received either context-same or context-different presentations of sucrose and HCl. However, for some rats, HCl was pre-exposed in the same context to which it was later presented during conditioning (Consistent), while others were pre-exposed to HCl in a different context to the one in which it was presented during conditioning (Inconsistent). The Inconsistent group produced greater overshadowing than the Consistent group and thus confirmed that the latent inhibition effect was also context dependent. This study confirms the concept of situational relevance.
Different representations and strategies in mental rotation
Authors: Zhao Binglei , Sala Sergio Della
Published: August 2017

It is still debated whether holistic or piecemeal transformation is applied to carry out mental rotation (MR) as an aspect of visual imagery. It has been recently argued that various mental representations could be flexibly generated to perform MR tasks. To test the hypothesis that imagery ability and types of stimuli interact to affect the format of representation and the choice of strategy in performing MR task, participants, grouped as good or poor imagers, were assessed using four MR tasks, comprising two sets of ‘Standard’ cube figures and two sets of ‘non-Standard’ ones, designed by withdrawing cubes from the Standard ones. Both good and poor imagers performed similarly under the two Standard conditions. Under non-Standard conditions, good imagers performed much faster in non-Standard objects than Standard ones, whereas poor imagers performed much slower in non-Standard objects than Standard ones. These results suggested that (1) individuals did not differ in processing the integrated Standard object, whereas (2) in processing the non-Standard objects, various visual representations and strategies could be applied in MR by diverse individuals: Good imagers were more flexible in generating different visual representations, whereas poor imagers applied different strategies under different task demands.
Effects of model types in observational learning on implicit sequential learning
Authors: Tanaka Kanji , Watanabe Katsumi
Published: August 2017

This study investigated whether implicit learning of sequence by observation occurred in a serial reaction time task and whether the learning effects were modulated by model behavioral type. In Experiment 1, we let 20 participants perform a sequence for 12 blocks and chose the best and worst performance models based on reaction time and errors. In Experiment 2, new observers viewed a movie clip chosen from the following three: the best model performing the sequential task in the first (the first six blocks) or second session (the last six blocks), or the worst model performing the task in the first session. Then, the observers performed the observed sequence, a test sequence and awareness test. We found that (1) implicit sequential learning occurred by observation regardless of model behavior type, (2) the learning effects were not susceptible to model behavior type and (3) speed index reflecting reaction time became larger even in the test session when the observers viewed the best model performing the second session. Overall, observers developed general motor representations through action–observation. In addition, their responses were also contagious; if the model performed the sequence faster, the observer might be able to perform the sequence faster.
Embodied valuation: Directional action is associated with item values
Authors: Green Danielle J , Harris Alison , Young Aleena , Reed Catherine L
Published: August 2017

We have a lifetime of experience interacting with objects we value. Although many economic theories represent valuation as a purely cognitive process independent of the sensorimotor system, embodied cognitive theory suggests that our memories for items’ value should be linked to actions we use to obtain them. Here, we investigated whether the value of real items was associated with specific directional movements toward or away from the body. Participants priced a set of food items to determine their values; they then used directional actions to classify each item as high- or low-value. To determine if value is linked to specific action mappings, movements were referenced either with respect to the object (push toward high-value items; pull away from low-value items) or the self (pull high-value items toward self; push low-value items away). Participants who were assigned (Experiment 1) or chose (Experiment 2) to use an object-referenced action mapping were faster than those using a self-referenced mapping. A control experiment (Experiment 3) using left/right movements found no such difference when action mappings were not toward/away from the body. These results indicate that directional actions toward items are associated with the representation of their value, suggesting an embodied component to economic choice.
Rapid response learning of brand logo priming: Evidence that brand priming is not dominated by rapid response learning
Authors: Boehm Stephan G , Smith Ciaran , Muench Niklas , Noble Kirsty , Atherton Catherine
Published: August 2017

Repetition priming increases the accuracy and speed of responses to repeatedly processed stimuli. Repetition priming can result from two complementary sources: rapid response learning and facilitation within perceptual and conceptual networks. In conceptual classification tasks, rapid response learning dominates priming of object recognition, but it does not dominate priming of person recognition. This suggests that the relative engagement of network facilitation and rapid response learning depends on the stimulus domain. Here, we addressed the importance of the stimulus domain for rapid response learning by investigating priming in another domain, brands. In three experiments, participants performed conceptual decisions for brand logos. Strong priming was present, but it was not dominated by rapid response learning. These findings add further support to the importance of the stimulus domain for the relative importance of network facilitation and rapid response learning, and they indicate that brand priming is more similar to person recognition priming than object recognition priming, perhaps because priming of both brands and persons requires individuation.
Centrosome defines the rear of cells during mesenchymal migration
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wang Yu-li
Published: August 2017

The importance of centrosome in directional cell migration has long been recognized. However, the conventional view that centrosome determines cell’s front, based on its often-observed position in front of the nucleus, has been challenged by contradictory observations. Here we show that centrosome defines the rear instead of the front, using cells plated on micropatterned adhesive strips to facilitate directional migration. We found that centrosome is always located proximal to the future rear before polarity is established through symmetry breaking or reversed as the cell reaches a dead end. In addition, using microsurgery to alter the distance of centrosomes from cells’ ends, we show that centrosomal proximity is predictive of the placement of the rear. Removal of centrosome impairs directional cell migration, whereas the removal of nucleus alone makes no difference in most cells. Computer modeling under the framework of a local-enhancement/global-inhibition mechanism further demonstrates that positioning of rear retraction, mediated by signals concentrated near the centrosome, recapitulates all the experimental observations. Our results resolve a long-standing controversy and explain how cells use centrosome and microtubules to maintain directional migration.
1. Introduction
Authors: Arvind TT
Published: August 2017

This introduction provides an overview of contracts and the law of contract. It first explains what the law of contract is about and why it matters before discussing the tasks of contract law. It then considers the role of debates in contract law, unity and diversity in contract law, and central issues in contract law. It also examines the main perspectives about contract that have influenced English law, including perspectives that used to be historically important. In particular, it explores the notions of bargains and the will. The chapter goes on to address two very different understandings of contracts: one that sees it primarily as a bundle of rights, and one that sees it as a relationship between the parties.
12. The limits of hard bargaining
Authors: Arvind TT
Published: August 2017

This chapter examines how English law sets limits to hard bargaining through the application of the doctrines of duress and undue influence. It first considers the problem of coercion in contractual transactions and how the doctrine of duress deals with coercion through the use of threats. It then discusses three key elements of duress: the impact of the pressure on the person who was subject to it, the need to prove illegitimacy, and the pressure must induce the decision to contract. It also describes remedies for duress and proceeds with an analysis of the scope and nature of undue influence, the elements of actual undue influence, presumed undue influence, remedies for undue influence, and specific issues that arise in relation to undue influence where third parties are involved. The chapter concludes with an overview of the regulation of aggressive practices.
17. Non-compensatory remedies
Authors: Arvind TT
Published: August 2017

This chapter considers a range of non-compensatory remedies that are available at English law in cases of breach. Non-compensatory remedies seek to respond to breach of contract in ways other than compensation. The starting point for non-monetary obligations is that breach is best remedied through the award of damages. Literal enforcement of such an obligation, through an order for specific performance or an injunction, is only awarded in exceptional circumstances. In contrast, obligations involving the payment of a definite sum of money are frequently literal enforced through the remedy of debt. This chapter first examines literal performance as a non-compensatory remedy before discussing debt, gain-based remedies, and restitution interest.
2. Criminalizaton: historical, legal, and criminological perspectives
Authors: Lacey Nicola , Zedner Lucia
Published: August 2017

This chapter examines the relationship between legal and criminological constructions of crime and explores how these have changed over time. The chapter sets out the conceptual framework of criminalization within which the two dominant constructions of crime—legal and criminological—are situated. It considers their respective contributions and the close relationship between criminal law and criminal justice. Using the framework of criminalization, the chapter considers the historical contingency of crime by examining its development over the past 300 hundred years. It analyses the normative building blocks of contemporary criminal law to explain how crime is constructed in England and Wales today and it explores some of the most important recent developments in formal criminalization in England and Wales, not least the shifting boundaries and striking expansion of criminal liability. Finally, it considers the valuable contributions made by criminology to understanding the scope of, and limits on, criminalization.
10. Public opinion, crime, and criminal justice
Authors: Hough Mike , Roberts Julian V.
Published: August 2017

This chapter summarizes research on public opinion about crime and criminal justice in developed industrialized societies. It starts with an assessment of what can be said about public knowledge about crime, documenting widespread misperceptions about the nature of crime, about crime trends, and about the criminal justice response to crime. It then considers public attitudes towards crime and justice, which tend to be largely negative. The chapter presents evidence of the links between levels of knowledge and attitudes to justice, suggesting that misinformation about crime and justice is the likely source of negative public ratings of the justice system. Penal populism and populist punitiveness are considered. The chapter ends by exploring issues of public trust in justice, confidence, and legitimacy.