bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of relief morphometric characteristics upon the occurrence of the species Cordulegaster bidentata in the particular conditions of the Western Carpathians
Authors: Petrovičová K. , Langraf V. , David S. , Maták L. , Krumpálová Z. , Schlarmannová J.
Published: June 2021

The study concerns a monitoring survey of Cordulegaster bidentata Selys, 1843 (Odonata, Cordulegastridae), which is considered near threatened in the European Red List of Dragonflies, in order to show its habitat preferences and clarify the influence of slope and orientation of slopes on the occurrence of the species. Investigations of water habitats were carried out during the period from 2019 to 2020 in the Kysuce Region in northwest Slovakia. The protocol consists of looking for larvae and characterizing larval micro-habitat of C. bidentata so as to show their habitat preferences and clarify the influence of slope and orientation of slopes on the occurrence of the species. We sampled 32 watercourses (epicrenal, hypocrenal, rheocren, heleocren, epirhithral, metarhithral) at altitudes 420–950 m above sea level. A total of 79 larvae and 10 imagines (7♂ 3♀) of C. bidentata were found at 12 streams. In the present study, C. bidentata clearly preferred first-order stream sections, the slopes were steep and the proportion of small sediment grain sizes was high. The results show that the number of C. bidentata larvae grew with the increasing percentage of forests around streams. We also confirmed the trend for the number of C. bidentata larvae to increase with increasing values of slope and altitude of watercourses. Most of the individuals were recorded at the south and southwest oriented streams; we did not record larvae on the north and northwest oriented slopes. We assume that more suitable conditions for development of population exist in the streams on the south and southwest oriented slopes. The preference for watercourses oriented south and southwest ensures optimal conditions for the development of the population of this dragonfly species. The finding of larvae at the stages of instars shows the permanent occurrence of the species in the Kysuce Region.
Phytoplankton succession in the anthropogenic and climate ecological transformation of freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Shelyuk Y. S. , Astahova L. Y.
Published: June 2021

The study is focused on the influence of mechanisms of anthropogenic activity and climate changes of different types and levels on the autotrophic link of freshwater ecosystems. The studies of the river, lake, water reservoir and quarry phytoplankton in the territory of the Ukrainian Polissia were carried out during 2005–2019 according to the standard methods. At the same time, we determined water hydrophysical and hydrochemical characteristics. Exactly 812 algal species represented by 877 infraspecific taxa were identified, including 75 new ones for the Ukrainian Polissia, with a significant share of thermophiles and halophiles. The dominance of Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Euglenozoa and Cyanobacteria was observed in all types of water bodies. With the increase in the nutrient content in the composition of dominant complexes of river ecosystems, the role of centric diatoms Cyclotella meneghiniana, C. stelligera, Stephanodiscus hantzschii increased. The vegetation intensity of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae increased in the water courses with partially regulated flow, while vegetation of Chrysococcus rufescens, Pseudokephyrion pillidium, Kephyrion ovum intensified in rivers with increased colour of water. Water reservoirs are dominated by representatives of Bacillariophyta, Cyanobacteria, Euglenozoa, Miozoa, mostly by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Peridinium cinctum. The lowest number of dominant species was identified in the lakes, and belonged to the genera Trachelomonas, Peridinium, Chlamydomonas, Crucigeniella, Cyclotella, Aulacoseira. The dominant species in quarries were Cyclotella meneghiniana, Chlamydomonas monadina, Ch. globosa, Coelastrum microporum, Gomphosphaeria aponina, Trachelomonas volvocina and Microcystis aeruginosa. The obtained data can be used to predict scenarios of changes in the autotrophic link under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, to develop methods for monitoring and managing ecosystems at different levels of anthropogenic transformation necessary to ensure an appropriate level of their functions and ecological services.
HOST
Authors: Cánepa Laura , Ferraraz Rogério
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho trata do filme de horror australiano Host (Rob Savage, 2020), realizado para o canal de streaming Shudder, no primeiro semestre de 2020, durante a quarentena que paralisou o planeta por causa da pandemia da COVID-19. Dirigido a distância para emular uma sessão espírita organizada por seis amigos via aplicativo Zoom, o filme, encenado por seis atrizes e um ator com câmeras caseiras, traz ao primeiro plano o mal-estar do confinamento mediado pelos computadores e celulares. A partir de uma análise de Host, buscaremos observar como esse filme de horror nos oferece reflexões sobre a primeira experiência global de quarentena permeada pelas mídias digitais e pela internet.
A diagramática das plataformas digitais
Authors: De Genaro Ednei , Denani Gustavo
Published: June 2021

Os modelos corporativos vigentes de plataformas digitais, e seus data centers, são formidáveis máquinas de acelerar e controlar fluxos, energias, investimentos e especulações. Esquadrinhamos a natureza diagramática das plataformas – virtual e informe, baseada em forças antitéticas, administrando-servindo vidas em plenas “liberdades de expressão” –, tendo por fundamento os quatro mecanismos de modulação formulados por David Savat: o reconhecimento de padrões, a antecipação de atividades, a organização de antíteses e a programação de fluxos. A partir disso, estabelecemos hipóteses, teses e reflexões acerca do poder das plataformas, de disrupção, de povoamento do tempo e de controles distribuídos, e suas diferentes problemáticas associadas. Isso nos leva a discutir o usuário satisfeito, consignado e resignado, e os limites do uso de termos como manipulação, responsabilidade e privacidade.
Sur la diagrammatique des plateformes numériques
Les actuels modèles des plateformes numériques, et leurs centres des donnés, sont formidables machines pour accélérer et contrôler les flux, énergies, investissements et spéculations. La présente étude examine la nature de ces plateformes (virtuelles et non formées, fondés sur des forces antithétiques, gérant-servant des vies en pleines «libertés d’expression»), sur la base des quatre mécanismes de modulation formulés par David Savat: reconnaissance de formes, anticipation de activités, organisation des antithèses et programmation des flux. À partir de là, nous établissons des hypothèses, des thèses et des réflexions indispensables sur leur pouvoir des plateformes – la disruption, le reglèment du temps, les contrôles distribués, et leurs différents problèmes associés. Cela nous amène à discuter de l’utilisateur satisfait, consigné et résigné, et des limites de l’utilisation de termes tels que manipulation, responsabilité et privacité.
Mots clés: Plateformes Numériques. Diagramme du Pouvoir. Modulation.
Small numbers are an opportunity, not a problem
Authors: Leppink Jimmie
Published: June 2021

Aims: outcomes of research in education and training are partly a function of the context in which that study takes place, the questions we ask, and what is feasible. Many questions are about learning, which involves repeated measurements in a particular time window, and the practical context is usually such that offering an intervention to some but not to all learners does not make sense or is unethical. For quality assurance and other purposes, education and training centers may have very locally oriented questions that they seek to answer, such as whether an intervention can be considered effective in their context of small numbers of learners. While the rationale behind the design and outcomes of this kind of studies may be of interest to a much wider community, for example to study the transferability of findings to other contexts, people are often discouraged to report on the outcomes of such studies at conferences or in educational research journals. The aim of this paper is to counter that discouragement and instead encourage people to see small numbers as an opportunity instead of as a problem.Method: a worked example of a parametric and a non-parametric method for this type of situation, using simulated data in the zero-cost Open Source statistical program R version 4.0.5.Results: contrary to the non-parametric method, the parametric method can provide estimates of intervention effectiveness for the individual participant, account for trends in different phases of a study. However, the non-parametric method provides a solution in several situations where the parametric method should be used.Conclusion: Given the costs of research, the lessons to be learned from research, and statistical methods available, small numbers should be considered an opportunity, not a problem.
In vivo animal models in periodontal research - focus on rodents
Authors: Firkova E. I.
Published: June 2021

Periodontal research has developed very fast in the last two decades. Although at this stage of science a lot of genetic and molecular-based trials are performed in order to elucidate the complex etiology, pathophysiology, biofilm-host interactions and responses on genetic and cellular level, in vivo animal models are still used. In many ways, in vivo experiments are superior to in vitro tests when the dynamics of the immune-inflammatory nature of the periodontal disease and peri-implantitis and the specific healing of soft and hard tissues is concerned. Screening the efficacy, mechanisms of action and application of different biomaterials requires in vivo experiments, be-fore the data translation to clinical settings. A number of small animals like rodents and large species like dogs and nonhuman primates are involved in periodontal research. As live creatures are used, the design of the studies must be well defined, with regard to the type of the animals, most suitable for the tested hypothesis, observation period, sample size, study power, critical size defects, and specific testing sites.
Prosocialness in young males with substance and behavioral addictions
Authors: Tomei Alexander , Studer Joseph , Gmel Gerhard
Published: June 2021

Background and aims

Social determinants are closely related to addiction, both as a cause and a consequence of substance use and other addictive behaviors. The present paper examines prosocialness (i.e. the tendency to help, empathize, and care for others) among a population of young males. We compared prosocialness across different types of addiction and examined whether prosocialness varied according to the presence of multiple addictions.

Methods

A sample of 5,675 young males, aged 19–29 years old (Mean = 21.4; Median = 21), completed a questionnaire that included screening tools to identify addictive behaviors with regards to alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, gambling, and gaming. The questionnaire also included a scale to measure prosocialness.

Results

Compared to a no-addiction control group, the subgroups of young men suffering from behavioral addictions (i.e., gambling and gaming) reported the lowest levels of prosocialness. Respondents with an alcohol addiction also showed lower prosocialness compared to no-addiction controls. By contrast, no significant differences in prosocialness were found between respondents with nicotine disorder or cannabis disorder and the no-addiction controls. Furthermore, the number of addictions had no clear, observable effects on prosocialness. Significant differences were found between the no-addiction control group and the groups reporting one or more addictions, but not between the separate groups reporting one, two, and three or more addictions.

Discussion and conclusions

A better understanding of the social dimension affecting young males with addiction, particularly gambling and gaming addictions, may be useful for their prevention and treatment.
Mast Cells Heparin — New Information on the Old Component (Review)
Authors: Kondashevskaya Marina V.
Published: June 2021

Mast cells (MC) are widely distributed throughout the body of animals and humans, mainly in barrier tissues. This review provides new information on the hematopoietic origin of MCs from early erythromyeloid progenitors (EMPs), late EMPs, and definitive hematopoietic stem cells. As well as information on the maturation of MSs and heparin synthesis already in the embryonic period. Many physiological functions of MCs are determined by the properties of heparin, which forms the basis of the matrix of granules, since the heparin molecule is a strong polyanion, capable to forming complexes with many biologically active substances and regulating their properties. In a new hypothesis about the participation of MCs in pathological processes, it is assumed that this is due to the depletion of the heparin pool. In such cases, injections of exogenous heparin can help replenish MCs heparin stores. As a result of the restoration of the physiological functions of MCs and the action of exogenous heparin, the pathological process will be converted into an adaptive one. In clinical practice, unfractionated heparin (UFH) obtained from natural sources and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) obtained by the biochemical route are used. Most often, UFH and LMWH are used in the clinic only as anticoagulants. The worldwide spread of a disease named COVID-19 in 2020 showed that UFH and LMWH are multifunctional drugs that have saved many people. The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has been an unprecedented social and health emergency worldwide. Depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been reported in populations of many countries. This review provides new information on experimental studies on the successful treatment of pathology with low doses of UFH in modeling PTSD in animals. Consequently, heparin can be considered as a promising multifunctional drug for effective pharmacological correction of comorbid diseases under the influence of extreme factors.
Expression of adipocytokine in heart fat depots depending on the degree of coronary artery atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Gruzdeva Olga V. , Dyleva Yulia A. , Belik Ekaterina V. , Akbasheva Olga E. , Borodkinа Daria A. , Sinitsky Maxim Y. , Naumov Danil Y. , Bychkova Evgeniya E. , Fanaskova Elena , Palicheva Elena I. , Kuzmina Anastasia A. , Barbarash Olga
Published: June 2021

Background. In coronary artery disease, a change in the adipocytokine content of local fat depots of the heart is observed. However, it has not yet been established whether the expression levels of the studied parameters are really related to the degree of atherosclerotic lesion of the spacecraft.
Aims to identify the features of the expression of adiponectin, leptin and IL-6 by adipocytes of epicardial, perivascular and subcutaneous adipose tissue depending on the degree of atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary channel in coronary heart disease.
Materials and methods. The study conducted at the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Disease in 20172020, included 84 patients with coronary heart disease (CAD), of which 39 with a moderate degree of atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary artery (CA) ( 22 points on the SYNTAX Score scale), 20 with severe (2331 points) and 25 with extremely severe ( 32 points). Biopsies of subcutaneous (SAT), epicardial (EAT) and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) were obtained during elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The expression of adipocytokine genes was determined using polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) using TaqMan probes and the concentration of the studied adipocytokines in adipocyte culture medium by enzyme immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 9.0, a one-dimensional and multi-dimensional logistic regression analysis.
Results. In CAD in adipocytes of the cardiac fat depot, a shift in the balance of adipocytokines is observed towards increased expression and secretion of leptin, IL-6 and a decrease in adiponectin with maximum manifestation in severe and extremely severe coronary lesions. Adipocytes of EAT were characterized by the minimal expression of the adiponectin gene against the background of the maximum leptin and IL-6 in comparison with adipocytes SAT and PVAT.
Conclusions. Low expression of the adiponectin in EAT and PVAT against the background of increased expression of leptin and IL-6 is associated with an increase in the degree of atherosclerotic lesion of the coronary channel.
Safety of pharmacotherapy in a psychiatric inpatient setting and the QT interval
Authors: Kirilochev Oleg O.
Published: June 2021

Background; Events associated with a risk of death are the most serious complications of pharmacotherapy; One of these complications is prolongation of the QT interval leading to Torsades de Pointes, a life-threatening condition that can result in asystole and sudden death. Factors contributing to the development of the long QT syndrome include heredity, structural abnormalities of the heart, electrolyte disorders, female gender, advanced age, use of drugs with certain electrophysiological properties, and drug-drug interactions. Consideration of all these factors can help achieve the most accurate and objective assessment of the risk of these rhythm disturbances.
Aims to assess the risk of prolongation of the QT interval and the development of Torsades de Pointes in psychiatric inpatients.
Methods. The study enrolled 500 patients who received medical care in a psychiatric inpatient setting. The risk of QT interval prolongation and development of Torsades de Pointes was assessed using the MedSafety Scan medical decision support system.
Results. Of the 500 patients treated in the psychiatric inpatient setting, 224 had a risk of QT interval prolongation and developing Torsades de Pointes; the incidence was highest in the group of elderly patients. The mean risk score was 7.59 3.29 in general, 6.02 3.14 in patients aged under 65 years, and 9.16 2.62 in subjects over 65 years of age. An analysis of the frequencies of risk factors for prolongation of the QT interval and Torsades de Pointes revealed that patients aged over 65 years most commonly had atrial fibrillation, chronic heart failure, heart valve disorders, hypertension, and a history of myocardial infarction. Patients under 65 years of age more commonly received medicinal products prolonging the QT interval and drug combinations that can lead to potential drug-drug interactions of relevant clinical significance.
Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the importance of assessing the risk of QT interval prolongation and development of Torsades de Pointes in psychiatric inpatients as an affordable preventive tool that can increase the safety of drug therapy.
What Are Patient Registries and Why Are They Needed (Through a Number of Examples of Psoriasis Registries)
Authors: Kubanov Alexey A. , Bogdanova Elena V.
Published: June 2021

The article substantiates the relevance of registries of patients as illustrated by registries of patients with psoriasis, gives a comparative characteristic and description of the advantages and disadvantages of randomized controlled and observational registry studies, considers the main goals of patient registers. The importance of patient registers as sources of additional knowledge about diseases is described. Review of the existing dermatological patient registers is given. The paper provides the detailed description of the most significant registries of patients with psoriasis: PSOLAR, Badbir, Corrona, BIOBADADERM and others. An overview of publications and main results of the research based on registries of psoriasis patients is presented. A description of the register of patients with psoriasis as part of the Database of patients with chronic diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, maintained by the Russian Society of Dermatovenereologists and Cosmetologists since 2018 is given. The article substantiates the relevance of patient registries as illustrated by registries of patients with psoriasis, gives a comparative characteristic and description of the advantages and disadvantages of randomized controlled studies and observational registry studies, argues in favor of complementarity of data from randomized controlled trials and registry-based studies. Consideration of the main goals of patient registers is given. The importance of patient registers as sources of additional knowledge about diseases and quality of medical care is described. Review of the existing dermatological patient registers is given. The paper provides the detailed description of the most significant registries of patients with psoriasis: PSOLAR, Badbir, Corrona, BIOBADADERM and others. An overview of publications and main results of the research based on registries of patients with psoriasis is presented. A description of the register of patients with psoriasis as part of the Database of patients with chronic diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, maintained by the Russian Society of Dermatovenereologists and Cosmetologists since 2018 is given, as are inclusion criteria. In addition, the main federal registries of patients that are maintained in the Russian Federation are listed, the goals of their maintenance are indicated.
Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in maternity hospitals of Russian Federation (the state of the problem at the beginning of the XXI century)
Authors: Priputnevich Tatiana V. , Lyubasovskaya Lyudmila A. , Shuvalova Marina P. , Baibarina Elena N. , Sukhikh Gennady T.
Published: June 2021

Over the past decade, the healthcare system of the Russian Federation has undergone progressive changes in the system of maternity care, which relate to the development of infrastructure and the introduction of new organizational models. In particular, a three-level system of providing medical care to mothers and children has been created, including a network of perinatal centers for patients at high perinatal and obstetric risk. Field events of specialists of National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation to the medical organizations of maternity care in various regions of Russia revealed hot spots that require primary attention: acute shortage of staff for the implementation of diagnostic and therapeutic measures at the modern methodological level, as well as for ensuring epidemiological safety in the medical organizations (medical microbiologists (bacteriologists), clinical pharmacologists and epidemiologists); the lack of registration of healthcare-associated infections, which is associated with the prevailing in the country mainly punitive methods of combating hospital infections. In modern conditions of nursing preterm babies, newborns with various severe somatic and surgical pathologies, it is necessary to know the real indicators of morbidity in order to reasonably and promptly carry out therapeutic and preventive measures; the need to organize modern microbiological laboratories in the perinatal centers with the availability of fast methods (proteomic and molecular-genetic) diagnostics, allowing for microbiological monitoring in specialized departments of newborns and promptly respond to the changes in the epidemiological situation in the hospital, to prevent the development of clinically pronounced cases of healthcare-associated infections.
Amelioration of water deficiency stress in roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
Authors: SANAYEI Sara , BARMAKI Morteza , EBADI Ali , TORABI-GIGLOU Mousa
Published: June 2021

Belowground interactions between plant roots, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs), and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can improve growth and yield under abiotic stress conditions. A pot factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was conducted to investigate the effects of AMFs (without inoculation as control, inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae and Funneliformis intraradices) and PGPRs (without inoculation as control Pseudomonas fluorescens p-169 inoculation) on roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) grown under water deficiency stress (WDS) [90% (I1), 75% (I2), 50% (I3), and 25% (I4) of field capacity as well-watered, mild, moderate, and severe stress, respectively]. The results showed that by applying WDS, the plant growth properties such as root and sepals’ dry weight, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, chlorophyll a, b, and total, carotenoids, and leaf water content was significantly reduced. The application of AMFs and PGPR under WDS conditions increased 1000-seed weight, seed yield. In response to WDS osmotic adjustment were provided in Roselle and under stress conditions. The highest seed yield was found under well-watered treatment by inoculation of F. mosseae without PGPR and the application of Pseudomonas fluorescens (6.37 and 6.51 g/plant, respectively). These results suggesting the antagonistic effects of AMFs and PGPR. AMFs inoculation under severe stress increased sepals dry weight compared to the non-inoculation. In conclusion, increased activity of enzymatic antioxidants and higher production of non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds, as well as photosynthetic pigments in symbiotic association with AMFs, can alleviate reactive oxygen species damage resulting in increased growth and yield parameters and improve water stress tolerance.
Genome-wide identification of WD40 superfamily genes and prediction of WD40 gene of flavonoid-related genes in Ginkgo biloba
Authors: ZHENG Jiarui , LIAO Yongling , XU Feng , ZHOU Xian , YE Jiabao , FU Mingyue , LIU Xiaomeng , CAO Zhengyan , ZHANG Weiwei
Published: June 2021

The WD40 transcription factor family is a superfamily found in eukaryotes and implicated in regulating growth and development. In this study, 167 WD40 family genes are identified in the Ginkgo biloba genome. They are divided into 5 clusters and 16 subfamilies based on the difference analysis of a phylogenetic tree and domain structures. The distribution of WD40 genes in chromosomes, gene structures, and motifs is analyzed. Promoter analysis shows that five GbWD40 gene promoters contain the MYB binding site participating in the regulation of flavonoid metabolism, suggesting that these five genes may participate in the regulation of flavonoid synthesis in G. biloba. The correlation analysis is carried out based on FPKM value of WD40 gene and flavonoid content in 8 tissues of G. biloba. Six GbWD40 genes that may participate in flavonoid metabolism are screened. The biological functions of the WD40 family genes in G. biloba are systematically analyzed, providing a foundation for further elucidating their regulatory mechanisms. A number of WD40 candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of G. biloba also predicted. This study presents an important basis and direction for conducting further research on the regulatory network of flavonoid synthesis and metabolism.
Phytoaccumulation of metals in three plants species of the Asteraceae family sampled along a highway
Authors: GLIŠIĆ Radmila M. , SIMIĆ Zoran B. , GRBOVIĆ Filip J. , RAJIČIĆ Vera R. , BRANKOVIĆ Snežana R.
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the ability of roots and above-ground parts of three plant species of the Asteraceae family (Matricaria inodora L., Achillea millefolium L., Crepis setosa Haller fill.) for bioaccumulation and translocation of eight metals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr). Those plants were sampled directly along the lanes of the highway at the entrance into the City of Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia. The investigated metals are emitted into the air from road traffic and are deposited in the surrounding soil. Many of them are toxic to the living organism, and it is, therefore, necessary to apply effective, economical, sustainable methods for their removal from the environment. An example of such a method is as phytoremediation, based on the use of metal hyperaccumulator plants. The results of this research showed the species studied differ in the absorption, translocation and accumulation of investigated metals. They also showed that species M. inodora and A. millefolium (leaves) can be used for the phytoextraction of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Cr, species C. setosa (leaves) for Ca, Mg and Cu species M. inodora (stem) for Cr. The results further indicate that all three species absorb Zn from the soil and translocate it to the stems and leaves. All three of the studied species are suitable for phytostabilization of soils loaded with Zn, but only the species M. inodora and C. setosa can be applied in phytoremediation of this metal.
Molecular weight and concentration of chitosan affect plant development and phenolic substance pattern in arugula
Authors: ACEMİ Arda , GÜN POLAT Ece , ÇAKIR Merve , DEMİRYÜREK Elif , YAVUZ Bahar , ÖZEN Fazıl
Published: June 2021

The present research reports the role of chitosan’s molecular weight (1, 10, and 100 kDa) on the differentiation of its effects on arugula (Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa) cultivation in a controlled environment. The leaves' phenolic substance pattern from the plants treated with the chitosan variant that gave the best developmental results was analyzed through a reversed-phase HPLC. The leaf production was enhanced after 10 kDa chitosan treatment at 5 mg L-1, while the leaf area expansion was significantly improved after 1 and 100 kDa chitosan at 20 mg L-1 and 10 kDa chitosan at 5 mg L-1. The plant's rhizogenic development was restricted after all chitosan treatments regardless of their molecular weight and concentration. The contents of chlorophyll b and carotenoids increased after the treatments; however, chlorophyll a content was not significantly affected by the treatments and remained unchanged. The chromatographic analysis showed that 10 kDa chitosan treatment at 5 mg L-1 increased gallic acid, rutin, and p-coumaric acid contents and made significant changes in the individual phenolic substance pattern. The current study indicated that direct application of chitosan to soil restricts root production in arugula but enhances foliar growth, which is beneficial to producers. On the other hand, constant- or over-treatment with chitosan could inhibit root growth and further lead to developmental deficiencies sourced by nutrient uptake disorders. The use of chitosan as an organic and natural biostimulant in controlled-environment agriculture could be a better option than synthetic growth stimulants.
Enhancing antioxidant defense system of mung bean with a salicylic acid exogenous application to mitigate cadmium toxicity
Authors: KHAN Imran , SELEIMAN Mahmoud F. , CHATTHA Muhammad U. , JALAL Rewaa S. , MAHMOOD Faisal , HASSAN Fahmy A. S. , IZZET Warda , ALHAMMAD Bushra A. , ALI Esmat F. , ROY Rana , USLU Omer S. , HASSAN Muhammad U.
Published: June 2021

Cadmium (Cd) accumulation is an emerging environmental hazard and has detrimental effects on plant growth and development. Salicylic acid (SA) is a well-known plant growth regulator that can initiate various molecular pathways to ameliorate Cd toxicity. The experiment was executed to scrutinize the mediatory role of SA to accelerate the defensive mechanism of mung bean in response to Cd stress. Mung bean plants were exposed to 0, 5, 10 and 15 mg Cd kg-1 of soil. Exogenous application of SA 0, 10-6 and 10-3 M was added prior flowering. Results exhibited that Cd stress considerably reduced the growth-related attributes i.e. shoot length, root length, fresh and dry biomass, total soluble protein, total amino acids, relative water contents and photosynthetic pigments. Cadmium stress showed a significant increase in antioxidants levels such as peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), ascorbic acid (AsA), and catalase (CAT) and promoted the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. However, exogenously applied SA significantly improved plant biomass and photosynthetic pigments under Cd stress. Moreover, SA improved the defensive system by enhancing antioxidants’ activities under the increasing concentration of Cd stress. Furthermore, SA reduced the Cd uptake, membrane damage and, H2O2 and MDA accumulation. The study's findings concluded that exogenous-applied SA enhanced plant growth, promoted the antioxidant activities, and reduced the oxidative damage in mung bean seedlings under Cd stress.
Analysis of some physiological indicators in tomato plants to characterize the effects of additional lighting with blue, red and white LEDs
Authors: DĂNĂILĂ-GUIDEA Silvana M. , DELIAN Elena , POPESCU Paul-Alexandru , DRĂGHICI Mihaela-Cristina , MĂRGĂRIT Gabriela-Lucica , POPA Elisabeta E. , NICOLAE Ioana-Cătălina , BĂDULESCU Liliana
Published: June 2021

The use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in vegetable species is one of the technological procedures applied to improve the spectral composition of light in protected areas, as well as to stimulate plant growth, obtaining high values of production and increasing resistance to conditions of culture. The biological material represented by tomato seedlings, from varieties with nutritional value and with high ecological plasticity, was studied in terms of characterizing the effects of applying the treatment using light fields emitted by blue, red and white LEDs, by analysis physiological parameters, such as: photosynthesis intensity (μmols CO2m-2s -1), transpiration intensity (mmoles H2O m-2s -1), stomatal conductance (mols H2O m-2s -1) and intercellular carbon dioxide (mmol CO2 mol-1 air). In this study, the estimation of the amount of total chlorophyll (mg m-2), was also investigated. The determinations of the physiological parameters were performed in 3 series, and the recorded results were statistically analysed, by expressing the significance of the differences between the control and the studied tomato varieties being studied. Thus, after the treatment period, applied in 23 days (Series II), with monochrome LEDs, at the level of the stomatal conductance parameter, statistically assured values were registered for the plants in the ‘L-75’ line exposed to White LED and for those in the ‘L-76’ line exposed to the Blue LED. The analysis of the results from the investigation of the physiological parameters at the level of the leaves from the experimental samples indicated that after 35 days (Series III), from the application of the treatments of 30 minutes/day, with White LED light, they ensured the plants tomatoes from the ‘L-76’ line, distinctly significantly positive values, compared to those of the control plants, at the intensity of photosynthesis and the internal concentration of CO2.
Novel sources of resistance to powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica (Lév.) Arnaud) in pepper
Authors: MORALES-MANZO Ivan-Ilich , RODRÍGUEZ-BURRUEZO Adrián , JIMÉNEZ-PÉREZ Marisa , LUNA-RUIZ Jose J. , SAN-BAUTISTA Alberto , FITA Ana
Published: June 2021

Peppers, a worldwide crop, are threatened by different pathogens. Powdery mildew, a biotroph fungal infection, can cause several damages directly on vegetative parts and indirectly on fruits. Despite some sources of resistance have been described, commercial genotypes only with partial resistance have been developed due to the complex nature of such resistance and variable genetic expression, which depends on the stage of the plants. In this paper 49 accessions from different Capsicum species and origins have been tested. Plants were grown in growth chambers inside of mini greenhouses. Repeated inoculations under pepper leaves were applied by spraying a suspension of 104 conidia ml-1. Readings were made at 30 and 60 days after inoculation (DAI). Total number of leaves (TL), total number of affected leaves (LA), and maximum area affected (MAA) in the most damaged leaf were scored. In addition, a composite infection index (CII) was calculated on the basis of the three mentioned traits. Inoculated plants showed more severe symptoms at 30 DAI than at 60 DAI. Different response patterns were observed: from accessions suffering high leaf shedding to some others with local hypersensitive response, indicating different gene action. The use of CII prevented species bias and disease response. In the present work, four highly tolerant accessions were identified, including two chiltepins, C. annuum wild relatives, Ag-01 and Ag-02, and two C. annuum A-06 and A-23.
Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in fresh and processed table olives of cv. ‘Kalamata’
Authors: SALIS Constantinos , PAPADAKIS Ioannis E. , HAGIDIMITRIOU Marianna
Published: June 2021

Mediterranean diet is almost synonymous to the healthy lifestyle and diet nowadays. Some of the major components of the diet are the products of the olive tree, fruits and olive oil, which are classified as medical foods, due to their nutraceutical benefits and their protective properties against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, age-related diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and other diseases. The key contributors to these properties are the phenolic compounds such as hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and oleuropein. Table olives are being processed with several methods in order to reduce the bitterness of the olive fruit and the impact of the processing on phenolic compounds has not been studied extensively. In the present study, changes in the concentration of the most important phenolic compounds were quantified in fresh, Greek-style and Spanish-style processed olive fruits of cv. ‘Kalamata’, using two different analytical methods for identification and quantification: high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-(ESI)-MS/MS). The phenolic compounds that were identified and quantified were hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, verbascocide, rutin, oleuropein and luteolin. Both processing methods used altered the phenolic compounds concentration in ‘Kalamata’ olive fruits compared to untreated fruits. In both analytical methods, a statistically significant increase in verbascoside and hydroxytyrosol concentration and a statistically significant decrease in rutin concentration was observed in both, Greek-style and Spanish-style, processed olive fruits.
Introduction pages
Authors: SESTRAS Radu E.
Published: June 2021

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca (NBHA): The papers published in Issue 2, Volume 49, 2021 represent new exciting researches in different topics of life science, respectively in plant science, horticulture, agronomy and crop science. Among the interesting articles we invite you to find news about: Genome-wide identification of WD40 superfamily genes and prediction of WD40 gene of flavonoid-related genes in Ginkgo biloba; Evaluation of mitotic activity in tapetal cells of grapevine (Vitis L.); Light-emitting diode spectra modify nutritional status, physiological response, and secondary metabolites in Ficus hirta and Alpinia oxyphylla; Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria associated to candelilla rhizosphere (Euphorbia antisyphilitica) and its effects on Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings; Agronomical, physiological and molecular evaluation reveals superior salt-tolerance in bread wheat through salt-induced priming approach; Temperature-mediated shifts in chlorophyll biosynthesis in leaves of chlorophyll b-lacking rice (Oryza sativa L.); Basal stem cluster bud induction and efficient regeneration for the Tibetan endemic medicinal plant Swertia conaensis; A proposal for modifying coppicing geometry in order to reduce soil erosion in the forest areas; Exploring mycorrhizal fungi in walnut with a focus on physiological roles; Advance in mechanism of plant leaf colour mutation, etc. The Impact Factor communicated by ISI Clarivate (June 30, 2021), is IF 2020 = 1.444 (position 157 of 235 journals, Q3 in Plant Sciences). The metrics in Scopus – Elsevier (June 2, 2021): CiteScore 1.7 (#40/86 in Horticulture).

 

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Announcement

From Volume 49, Issue 1, 2021, Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca journal uses article numbers in place of the traditional method of continuous pagination through the volume. This step helps us to maintain a rapid, efficient production process by being able to define pagination as soon as a paper is accepted.

For papers that use article numbers, the page number of full-text articles will start from 1 to the last page and the citation needs only to list the article number. The journal will continue to appear quarterly, as before, with four annual numbers (see Publication Frequency).
Meta Inflacionária, Juros e Preços no Varejo Brasileiro
Authors: COSTA FERNANDO NOGUEIRA DA , DEOS SIMONE SILVA DE , BRITO JOSÉ VALNEY DE
Published: June 2021

RESUMO Neste artigo, analisamos as metas de inflação, com foco no mecanismo de transmissão de juros e preços. Seus fundamentos teóricos são analisados com base na literatura convencional e alternativa. Discutimos o desempenho recente do setor de varejo no Brasil, destacando como a política monetária afeta os preços, direta e indiretamente. Concluímos a avaliação crítica da meta de inflação. Nossa principal hipótese é que as taxas de juros devem ser vistas não apenas como um instrumento para controlar o nível geral de preços e o nível de atividade, regulando indiretamente a demanda agregada. Também deve ser visto como um componente fundamental e direto dos preços formados no varejo brasileiro. O grande risco de uma meta de inflação, por um lado, é aumentar a deflação e, por outro, criar estagflação - desemprego e inflação.
Judicialização da política no enfrentamento à Covid-19: um novo padrão decisório do STF?
Authors: Oliveira Vanessa Elias de , Madeira Lígia Mori
Published: June 2021

Resumo: O presente artigo discute a judicialização da política no enfrentamento à Covid-19 no Brasil. Analisamos se o padrão de judicialização da política verificado na pandemia é novo ou, ao contrário, repete aquele verificado nos anos 1990 e no início dos anos 2000, caracterizado pelo uso político do Judiciário pelos partidos de oposição e pelo favorecimento da centralização federativa. Os resultados demonstram que se mantém o padrão anterior, em termos de quem mobiliza o Judiciário, mas com resultados distintos em termos do conflito federativo: nos casos de controle de constitucionalidade de atos relacionados ao enfrentamento da pandemia, o presidente mais perde do que ganha no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF). No entanto, nos casos não relacionados às medidas sanitárias de combate à Covid-19, ainda não é possível afirmar a existência de um novo padrão decisório.
CONDIÇÕES FÍSICAS E HIGIÊNICO–SANITÁRIAS DOS MATADOUROS MUNICIPAIS DA REGIÃO OESTE DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRASIL
Authors: Leite A.I. , Queiroz A.R.A. de , Moreira J.O. , Batista J.S. , Pereira Neto E. , Mendes C.G. , Silva J.B.A. da
Published: June 2021

RESUMO Foram avaliadas as condições dos matadouros municipais da região oeste do Rio Grande do Norte, sendo levado em consideração seus aspectos higiênico-sanitários, as condições físicas das instalações, os procedimentos de matança, higiene de pessoal, ambiente, equipamentos e utensílios. Foram visitados 15 abatedouros municipais nos quais foi aplicado questionário epidemiológico e realizada entrevista com o responsável pelo estabelecimento. Foi observado que 66,7% dos matadouros estavam construídos em zona urbana. Em 80% dos estabelecimentos não havia inspeção sanitária de rotina. Os matadouros não seguiam a recomendação do abate humanitário. Todo o procedimento de abate (insensibilização, sangria, esfola e evisceração) era realizado no chão dos matadouros. Diante do exposto, foi percebido que as condições higiênicosanitárias eram extremamente precárias, as instalações físicas estavam impróprias e os manipuladores das carnes não atendiam às exigências mínimas de higiene. Portanto, um importante e negligenciado problema de saúde pública foi evidenciado, necessitando que providências sejam urgentemente tomadas por órgãos competentes e responsáveis pelos estabelecimentos.
NÃO-PREFERÊNCIA PARA ALIMENTAÇÃO DE TRAÇA-DAS-CRUCÍFERAS POR GENÓTIPOS DE COUVE-FLOR
Authors: Boiça Júnior A.L. , Chagas Filho N.R.
Published: June 2021

RESUMO Avaliou-se a não-preferência alimentar de lagartas de Plutella xylostella (L.), pelos genótipos de couve-flor, híbridos Barcelona, Verona, Piracicaba Precoce, Sharon, Silver Streak e cultivar Teresópolis Gigante. Foram realizados ensaios com e sem chance de escolha, em laboratório do Departamento de Fitossanidade da FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, avaliando-se o número de insetos atraídos e a massa seca consumida pelas lagartas do primeiro ínstar (recém-eclodidas) e de quarto ínstar durante 24 horas. Nos testes com e sem chance de escolha, para lagartas de primeiro e quarto ínstar, não houve diferença significativa quanto à atratividade. O peso seco consumido verificado nos testes com e sem chance de escolha, para lagartas de primeiro e quarto ínstar, revelou diferença significativa entre os genótipos apenas no teste sem chance de escolha para lagartas de primeiro instar, destacando-se o híbrido Silver Streak como o mais consumido (3,72 mg) pelas lagartas de P. xylostella. Os genótipos de couve-flor testados não influenciaram a atratividade das lagartas primeiro instar (recém-eclodidas) e quarto ínstar e não apresentam resistência do tipo não-preferência para alimentação por lagartas de P. xylostella.
VARIAÇÃO SAZONAL DE LEPIDÓPTEROS MINADORES E SEUS PARASITOIDES EM PLANTAS DE CRESCIMENTO ESPONTÂNEO EM POMAR ORGÂNICO DE CITROS EM MONTENEGRO, RS, BRASIL
Authors: Santos J.P. dos , Redaelli L.R. , Soglio F.K. Dal , Foelkel E. , Costa V.A.
Published: June 2021

RESUMO Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), conhecido popularmente como “minador-dasfolhas-dos-citros”, é um dos principais insetos-praga da citricultura em vários países. Este trabalho teve como objetivos determinar as espécies e a variação sazonal de lepidópteros minadores e seus parasitoides, presentes na vegetação de crescimento espontâneo de um pomar orgânico de citros, a fim de verificar se P. citrella apresenta outras plantas como hospedeiras e se os parasitoides de outros minadores são os mesmos relatados para esta praga. O trabalho foi conduzido em Montenegro, RS, em um pomar do tangoreiro ‘Murcott’. Realizaram-se amostragens quinzenais, de maio/2003 a maio/2004, coletando-se em cada ocasião todas as folhas com minas, na área delimitada por um aro de 0,28 m2, que era lançado nas linhas e nas entrelinhas de 30 árvores sorteadas. No laboratório registrou-se o número de larvas e pupas de minadores por folha, mantidas até a emergência dos lepidópteros ou parasitoides. Registrou-se 11 espécies de lepidópteros minadores pertencentes às famílias Gracillariidae, Gelechiidae, Acrolepiidae, Nepticulidae e Tischeriidae; 15 espécies de plantas hospedeiras distribuídas em nove famílias e 12 espécies de himenópteros, das famílias Eulophidae e Braconidae. O número de larvas e pupas de minadores correlacionou-se negativamente com a temperatura média e a umidade relativa média. P. citrella não foi observada nas plantas espontâneas. Espécies de parasitoides incluídas nos gêneros Chrysocharis, Closterocerus, Sympiesis e Bracon já foram relatadas parasitando P. citrella em várias regiões do mundo e podem ser possíveis agentes de controle biológico deste inseto na área de estudo.