bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Effect of Acute and Regular Physical Exercise on Circulating Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Individuals with Obesity: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ceylan Halil İbrahim , Silva Ana Filipa , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Murawska-Ciałowicz Eugenia
Published: May 2024

Obesity is a major global health concern linked to cognitive impairment and neurological disorders. Circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein crucial for neuronal growth and survival, plays a vital role in brain function and plasticity. Notably, obese individuals tend to exhibit lower BDNF levels, potentially contributing to cognitive decline. Physical exercise offers health benefits, including improved circulating BDNF levels and cognitive function, but the specific impacts of acute versus regular exercise on circulating BDNF levels in obesity are unclear. Understanding this can guide interventions to enhance brain health and counter potential cognitive decline in obese individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the impact of acute and regular physical exercise on circulating BDNF in individuals with obesity. The target population comprised individuals classified as overweight or obese, encompassing both acute and chronic protocols involving all training methods. A comprehensive search was conducted across computerized databases, including PubMed, Academic Search Complete, and Web of Science, in August 2022, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Initially, 98 studies were identified, from which 16 studies, comprising 23 trials, met the selection criteria. Substantial heterogeneity was observed for both acute (I2 = 80.4%) and long-term effects (I2 = 88.7%), but low risk of bias for the included studies. A single session of exercise increased circulating BDNF levels among obese patients compared to the control group (ES = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.19 to 2.30, p = 0.021). However, with extended periods of physical exercise, there was no significant increase in circulating BDNF levels when compared to the control group (ES = 0.49, 95% CI = −0.08 to 1.06, p = 0.089). These findings highlight the need to consider exercise duration and type when studying neurobiological responses in obesity and exercise research. The study’s results have implications for exercise prescription in obesity management and highlight the need for tailored interventions to optimize neurotrophic responses. Future research should focus on elucidating the adaptive mechanisms and exploring novel strategies to enhance BDNF modulation through exercise in this population. However, further research is needed considering limitations such as the potential age-related confounding effects due to diverse participant ages, lack of sex-specific analyses, and insufficient exploration of how specific exercise parameters (e.g., duration, intensity, type) impact circulating BDNF.
Dietary Protein Optimization for Growth and Immune Enhancement in Juvenile Hybrid Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii × A. schrenckii): Balancing Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry, and Expression of Immune-Related Genes
Authors: Wang Chang’an , Liu Entong , Zhang Hui , Shi Honghe , Qiu Guangwen , Lu Shaoxia , Han Shicheng , Jiang Haibo , Liu Hongbai
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels on growth performance, serum indices, body amino acid composition, and intestinal gene expression in juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baerii × A. schrenckii). Hybrid sturgeons (initial weight 29.21 ± 2.04 g) were fed isolipidic diets containing 30%, 33%, 36%, 39%, 42% or 45% crude protein for 12 weeks (n = 18 tanks, 30 fish/tank). Results showed significant differences between treatments, where weight gain and protein efficiency ratio peaked optimally between 35.9% and 38.3% dietary protein. Serum parameters such as glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidation levels varied significantly with changes in dietary protein levels. Specifically, the highest enzymatic activities and growth parameters were observed in groups fed with 33% to 39% protein, enhancing whole-body concentrations of lysine, leucine, phenylalanine, proline, and glutamic acid. Immune parameters such as immunoglobulin M and lysozyme activity also showed peak levels at higher protein concentrations, particularly notable at 42% for lysozyme and 36% for both component 3 and immunoglobulin M. Gene expression related to immune and growth pathways, including MyD88, TLR1, IL-8, IL-6, NF-κB, and IL1β, was significantly upregulated at protein levels of 33% to 36%, with a noted peak in expression at 39% for TLR1, IL-10, and TOR signaling genes, before diminishing at higher protein levels. Overall, the dietary protein requirement for juvenile hybrid sturgeon ranges from 35.9% to 38.3% crude protein.
LC-HRMS and GC-MS Profiling of Urine Free Cortisol, Cortisone, 6Β-, and 18-Hydroxycortisol for the Evaluation of Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Disorders
Authors: Casals Gregori , Ballesteros María Antonieta , Zamora Angielys , Martínez Irene , Fernández-Varo Guillermo , Mora Mireia , Hanzu Felicia A. , Morales-Ruiz Manuel
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Urine free cortisol measurements are routinely performed to evaluate hypercortisolism. Despite their analytical inaccuracy, immunoassay-based methods are frequently used. Advances in liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) facilitate the incorporation of powerful diagnostic tools into clinical laboratories. In addition to its high analytical specificity and simultaneous analysis of different metabolites, accurate mass measurement allows for untargeted compound identification, which may help to identify clinically relevant metabolites or drugs. Methods: The present study aimed to validate a simple routine LC–HRMS method to quantify cortisol, cortisone, 6β-hydroxycortisol, and 18-hydroxycortisol simultaneously in human urine. Additionally, the study also validated a GC-MS method for the same steroids, evaluated their cross-reactivity with commercial cortisol immunoassays, and quantified the 24 h urine excretion in patients under clinical suspicion or follow-up for hypercortisolism. Results: The LC-HRMS method involved liquid–liquid extraction using dichloromethane, micro-LC for chromatographic separation and detection using the accurate masses of the steroids, and simultaneous high-resolution full scan acquisition. The method presented acceptable linearity, precision, and accuracy. Significant interference from 6β-hydroxycortisol and cortisone was demonstrated in the cortisol immunoassays, which impacted their reliability in the follow-up of patients with hypercortisolism and significant changes in these cortisol metabolites (i.e., due to drug-induced changes in CYP3A4 activity). Conclusion: A rapid and accurate routine LC-HRMS method was validated, which is useful for the evaluation of hypercortisolism and other disorders of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid metabolism.
Systemic Anti-Inflammatory Agents in the Prevention of Chemoradiation-Induced Mucositis: A Review of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Mohammed Ali I. , Fedoruk Lexi , Fisher Nicholas , Liu Andy Xiaoqian , Khanna Samar , Naylor Kaelan , Gong Ziyi , Celentano Antonio , Alrashdan Mohammad S. , Cirillo Nicola
Published: May 2024

Mucositis is a pathological condition characterised by inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes lining the alimentary canal, particularly in the mouth (oral mucositis) and the gastrointestinal tract. It is a common side effect of cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and it is sometimes responsible for treatment interruptions. Preventing mucositis throughout the alimentary tract is therefore crucial. However, current interventions mainly target either oral or gastrointestinal side effects. This review aimed to investigate the use of systemically administered anti-inflammatory agents to prevent mucositis in cancer patients undergoing cancer treatment. PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, WHO ICTRP and ClinicalTrials.gov were screened to identify eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The published literature on anti-inflammatory agents provides mixed evidence regarding the degree of efficacy in preventing/reducing the severity of mucositis in most anticancer treatments; however, sample size continued to be a significant limitation, alongside others discussed. Our review yielded a list of several anti-inflammatory agents that exhibit potential mucositis-preventive effects in cancer patients undergoing cancer treatment, which can be used to inform clinical practice.
Utilization of Blackmouth Catshark (Galeus melastomus) Skins as an Alternative Source of Gelatin: Extraction and Physicochemical Characterization in Comparison to Porcine Skin Gelatin
Authors: Karayannakidis Panayotis D. , Chatziantoniou Soumela E. , Lee Chong M.
Published: May 2024

The present study investigated the potential use of blackmouth catshark (Galeus melastomus) skins for gelatin production by employing a combined alkaline and acidic process. The yield of dry gelatin was relatively high (13.95%), showing a high protein content (87.80%), but low moisture (10.64%), ash (1.34%) and lipid (0.03%) contents, on a wet weight basis. Fish skin gelatin showed better color properties (>L*, <+b* values) than porcine skin gelatin and exhibited similar gel strength (315.4 g) and higher viscosity (5.90 cP) than the latter (p < 0.05). Although the electrophoretic study revealed that fish skin gelatin was degraded to a lesser extent than its mammalian counterpart, the resulting fish skin gelatin gels melted at a significantly lower temperature (Tm = 21.5 °C), whereas the reverse process (i.e., gelling) also occurred at a lower temperature (Ts = 10.6 °C) and required more time (ts = 29.5 min) compared to porcine skin gelatin gels (Tm = 30.4 °C, Ts = 19.4 °C and ts = 20.7 min). These differences were attributed to the different imino acid content, which was greater in mammalian gelatin (p < 0.05). The results suggested that the skins from blackmouth catshark can be potentially used as an alternative raw material for gelatin production, which will fill the needs of more diverse cultures that do not consume pork- or cow-related products.
Ibrutinib Modulates Proliferation, Migration, Mitochondrial Homeostasis, and Apoptosis in Melanoma Cells
Authors: Lins Fernanda Vitelli , Bispo Elizabete Cristina Iseke , Rodrigues Naomí Souza , Silva Maria Victória Souto , Carvalho Juliana Lott , Gelfuso Guilherme Martins , Saldanha-Araujo Felipe
Published: May 2024

Ibrutinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with a broad spectrum of action, has been successfully explored to treat hematological and solid cancers. Herein, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of Ibrutinib on melanoma cell lines. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay. Apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell proliferation, and cell cycle stages were determined by flow cytometry. LDH release and Caspase 3/7 activity were determined by colorimetric and luminescent assays, respectively. Cell migration was evaluated by wound scratch assay. Gene expression was determined by real-time PCR. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of melanoma clinical samples was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). MTT assays showed that Ibrutinib is toxic for MeWo, SK-MEL-28, and WM164 cells. The annexin V/PI staining, Caspase 3/7 activity, and LDH release in MeWo cells revealed that apoptosis is the primary mechanism of death caused by Ibrutinib. Corroborating such observation, we identified that Ibrutinib treatment impairs the mitochondrial membrane potential of such cells and significantly increases the transcriptional levels of the pro-apoptotic factors ATM, HRK, BAX, BAK, CASP3, and CASP8. Furthermore, Ibrutinib showed antimetastatic potential by inhibiting the migration of MeWo cells. Finally, we performed a functional enrichment analysis and identified that the differential expression of Ibrutinib-target molecules is associated with enrichment of apoptosis and necrosis pathways in melanoma samples. Taken together, our results clearly suggest that Ibrutinib can be successfully explored as an effective therapeutic approach for melanomas.
Exploring the Impact of Cytogenetic Abnormalities on Treatment Responses and Survival Outcomes in Multiple Myeloma: A Single-Centre Experience of 13 Years of Follow-Up
Authors: Kazgı Mehmet Ali , Bayram Ertugrul , Kosecı Tolga , Mete Burak , Toyran Tugba , Ergin Melek , Kara Ismail Oguz
Published: May 2024

(1) Background: The introduction of novel therapies has led to a considerable evolution in the management of Multiple Myeloma, and chromosomal abnormalities predict the success of treatment. We aimed to characterize cytogenetic abnormalities for risk stratification in the patient population and to evaluate the predictive and prognostic value of the specified abnormalities in distinct treatment modalities. (2) Methods: This study included patients with Multiple Myeloma who applied to the Internal Medicine Clinic of the Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine. Between 2010 and 2023, 98 cases with cytogenetic abnormality data were identified. We analysed the effects of cytogenetic abnormalities on survival and response rates to first chemotherapies. (3) Results: P53 del was the most prevalent abnormality, and t(11;14) was the most common translocation. There was no significant difference in the mean survival and treatment response rates for specific cytogenetic abnormalities. When chemotherapies based on lenalidomide were initiated, patients’ life-death statuses differed significantly from those of treatments without lenalidomide. Regardless of the type of chromosomal aberration, lenalidomide-based treatments independently enhanced average survival 14-fold, while there was no significant difference in overall survival among treatments. (4) Conclusions: In individuals with cytogenetic abnormalities, lenalidomide-based treatments should be started regardless of the chemotherapy to be used for the condition.
Dynamics of the State of Arterial Stiffness as a Possible Pathophysiological Factor of Unfavorable Long-Term Prognosis in Patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Sumin Alexey N. , Shcheglova Anna V. , Barbarash Olga L.
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to examine the long-term prognostic value of changes in the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) within a year after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods. Patients with coronary artery disease (n = 251) in whom CAVI was assessed using the VaSera VS-1000 device before and one year after CABG. Groups with improved CAVI or worsened CAVI were identified. We assessed the following events at follow-up: all-causes death, myocardial infarction, and stroke/transient ischemic attack. Results. All-causes death was significantly more common in the group with worsened CAVI (27.6%) than in the group with CAVI improvement (14.8%; p = 0.029). Patients with worsened CAVI were more likely to have MACE, accounting for 42.2% cases, compared with patients with CAVI improvement, who accounted for 24.5%; p = 0.008. Worsened CAVI (p = 0.024), number of shunts (p = 0.006), and the presence of carotid stenosis (p = 0.051) were independent predictors of death from all causes at 10-year follow-up after CABG. The presence of carotid stenosis (p = 0.002) and the group with worsened CAVI after a year (p = 0.008) were independent predictors of the development of the combined endpoint during long-term follow-up. Conclusions. Patients with worsening CAVI one year after CABG have a poorer prognosis at long-term follow-up than patients with improved CAVI. Future research would be useful to identify the most effective interventions to improve CAVI and correspondingly improve prognosis.
The Impact of Disease Duration on Microcirculatory Dysfunction in Young Patients with Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Neubauer-Geryk Jolanta , Wielicka Melanie , Hoffmann Magdalena , Myśliwiec Małgorzata , Bieniaszewski Leszek
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the earliest changes in the structure and function of the peripheral microcirculation using capillaroscopy and transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurement in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus at baseline and during post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) in the function of diabetes duration. Sixty-seven patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), aged 8 to 18 years, and twenty-eight age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were included in the analysis. Diabetic patients were divided into subgroups based on median disease duration. The subgroups differed in chronological age, lipid levels, and thyroid hormones. Capillaroscopy was performed twice: at baseline and then again after the PORH test. Transcutaneous oxygen pressure also was recorded under baseline conditions during and after the PORH test. Comparison of capillaroscopy and transcutaneous oxygen pressure parameters at rest and after the PORH showed no statistically significant difference between the subgroups. This remained true after adjusting for variables that differentiated the two subgroups. However, in the group of patients with long-standing diabetes, significant negative correlations were observed between the Coverage value after the PORH test and capillary reactivity with TcPO2_zero (biological zero). Significant positive correlations were also found between distance after the PORH test and TcPO2_zero. The results of our study indicate that in patients with a shorter duration of diabetes, the use of multiple tests provides a better characterization of the structure and function of microcirculation because the onset of dysfunction does not occur at the same time in all the tests.
Assessment of Suicide Risk in Patients with Depressive Episodes Due to Affective Disorders and Borderline Personality Disorder: A Pilot Comparative Study
Authors: Isaeva Elena Rudolfovna , Ryzhova Daria Maksimovna , Stepanova Anna Vladimirovna , Mitrev Ivo Nestorov
Published: May 2024

This study assessed suicidal risk in patients suffering from non-psychotic depressive disorders within various clinical and nosological forms (F31–F34 mood disorders and F60.31—emotionally unstable personality disorder). Clinical and psychological features were presented, as well as predictors of suicidal risk in patients of these groups. We performed a comparative analysis of the anxiety and depression level, the level of mental pain, fear of death and the severity of anti-suicidal motives in patients with affective disorders and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Based on the results, 100% of patients in these clinical nosological groups were found to have a high level of suicidal risk. Patients with affective disorders have weak anti-suicidal motives and are not fully aware of the consequences of their own death. Patients with BPD have a higher suicidal risk than patients with affective disorders; they are characterized by less pronounced social orientation, demonstrativeness, self-centeredness, less pronounced levels of anxiety and fear of death.
Factors Influencing the Satisfaction of Second Language Learners of Chinese in Online Courses
Authors: Guo Xingrong , Li Xiang , Guo Yiming
Published: May 2024

The study aims to investigate the relationship among the key factors affecting second language learners’ satisfaction with online Chinese courses and their willingness to continue utilizing them by constructing a Model of Chinese Learners’ Satisfaction in Online Courses. Additionally, the influence of participants’ individual differences was also explored. A total of 203 second language learners of Chinese participated in the questionnaire survey, with 5 learners further participating in interviews. Learner expectations, learner perceived quality, and learner perceived value were identified as important factors influencing learner satisfaction and willingness to continue using the online course. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that (1) learner individual differences, such as age, Chinese proficiency, weekly study duration, and offline Chinese course experience, significantly influence learner satisfaction. (2) Learner expectations have a significant positive impact on perceived quality, while perceived quality positively affects perceived value. (3) Learner satisfaction significantly influences the willingness to continue using online courses. (4) The results of the interview revealed that most learners still prefer traditional offline courses, indicating that online teaching has several shortcomings and deficiencies. Overall, this study provides some scientific and reasonable decision-making references for improving online teaching methods, aiming to enhance learner satisfaction and promote the development of online education.
Savoring Belief, Resilience, and Meaning in Life as Pathways to Happiness: A Sequential Mediation Analysis among Taiwanese University Students
Authors: Chen Der-Fa , Huang Kai-Wen , Ho Wei-Sho , Cheng Yao-Chung
Published: May 2024

In recent decades, scholarly interest has grown in the psychological components of happiness. Savoring belief, or the capacity to attend to, appreciate, and enhance the positive experiences in one’s life, along with resilience and meaning in life, have emerged as significant predictors of enhanced happiness among diverse populations. This research examined the interrelationships among savoring belief, resilience, meaning in life, and happiness. A sample of 561 students from 75 universities in Taiwan, comprising 361 female and 200 male participants with an average age of 20.88 years, participated in an online survey. The study employed various instruments, including the Savoring Belief Inventory, the Subjective Happiness Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. These instruments were translated into Traditional Chinese using a back-translation method and subsequently validated for accuracy by specialists in the field. Analysis of the data using Hayes’ PROCESS Model 6 revealed several key insights: (1) savoring belief positively influenced happiness, resilience, and meaning in life with resilience further enhancing happiness and meaning in life; (2) resilience served as a significant mediator in the relationship between savoring belief and happiness; (3) meaning in life significantly mediated the relationship between savoring belief and happiness; (4) a sequential mediation model illustrated the mediating effects of resilience and meaning in life on the relationship between savoring belief and happiness. This study illustrates that, much like a garden requires water, sunlight, and care to flourish, our happiness is cultivated through enhancing our ability to savor the good moments, rebound from challenges, and find deep significance in our lives. We can significantly boost well-being by fostering these qualities—savoring belief, resilience, and a sense of meaning. These findings are particularly relevant for educators, highlighting the critical need to develop these traits in students to promote greater happiness and fulfillment in their lives. Discussions included theoretical implications, educational implications, and avenues for future research.
Understanding Working Memory and Mathematics Development in Ethnically/Racially Minoritized Children through an Integrative Theory Lens
Authors: Miller-Cotto Dana , Ribner Andrew D. , Smith Leann
Published: May 2024

Limited research on working memory has centered on ethnically/racially minoritized children, thereby limiting researchers’ abilities to draw conclusions about working memory or to provide additional supports in cultivating working memory for these children. Using the Integrative Theory as a lens, the current study explored the predictive benefit of parent academic socialization strategies on the working memory and subsequent mathematics skills of a nationally representative sample of ethnically/racially minoritized children. Using structural equation modeling techniques, a path model including social position; family structure; leisure activities; parent academic socialization strategies; and their association with kindergarten Asian/Asian-American (N = 1211), Black (N = 1927), and Latine (N = 3671) children’s working memory and first-grade mathematics skills were examined. Furthermore, multigroup moderation was used to test for differences between ethnic/racial groups. Connections to social capital theory, community cultural wealth, and culturally relevant interpretations of the study findings are discussed.
The Protective Role of Curiosity Behaviors in Coping with Existential Vacuum
Authors: Gawda Barbara , Korniluk Adrian
Published: May 2024

An existential vacuum is experienced as a kind of crisis that one can cope with using his/her strengths. The related literature suggests that the important determinants of coping with existential emptiness include positive emotional and personality resources, and among these—Curiosity Behaviors. The purpose of this study is to describe the role of curiosity as an important factor in relation to emotional resources in individuals experiencing an existential vacuum. A survey was conducted using online tools (n = 484). The hypotheses about the direct and indirect relationships between Curiosity Behaviors and existential vacuum were tested using multiple regression analyses and mediations. The study involved a sample of adult participants representing the general population. The participants completed five questionnaires, the first one focusing on Curiosity Behaviors, such as seeking out novel and challenging experiences and engagement in activities that capture one’s attention (The Curiosity and Exploration Inventory), and the other tools being the Multidimensional Existential Meaning Scale, the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, the Flourishing Scale, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. The results indicate that Curiosity Behaviors characteristically negatively predict existential vacuum. In addition, other variables, such as Flourishing, seem to be useful in explaining the relationships between these factors. Flourishing along with Curiosity increases a sense of Meaning in Life. Our results present evidence showing the importance of Curiosity Behaviors in coping with the existential vacuum.
Failure Behavior and Vulnerability of Containment Structures Subjected to Overpressure Loads Considering Different Failure Criteria
Authors: Guo Junying , Li Xinbo , Gong Jinxin
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates the failure behavior and vulnerability of the containment structure (CS) under internal pressure according to different functional and structural failure criteria. Through nonlinear numerical analysis, the deformation of the structure, degree of concrete cracking, and the distribution of stresses and strains in the prestressing tendons and steel liner under different failure criteria are compared. Combined with probabilistic analysis methods, the vulnerability curves, HCLPF capacities, and total failure probabilities of CS determined by different failure criteria are systematically discussed. Results show that there are some differences in the failure behavior and pressure capacity of CS under different failure criteria for both functional and structural failure modes. Under the same failure mode, the variability of the pressure capacities obtained using different criteria is relatively small. Generally, the total failure probabilities of CS subjected to overpressure loads determined by different failure criteria exhibit significant differences. If it is considered that all the investigated failure criteria have a certain ability to predict containment failure, the probabilistic assessment results derived from the functional failure criterion based on the fracture strain of steel liners and the structural failure criterion based on the global strain are deemed to be more reasonable.
Evaluating the Effect of Prefabricated Building Incentive Policies Using Structural Equation Modeling: A Chinese Empirical Study
Authors: Yan Weidong , Guo Chunbing , Li Lihong
Published: May 2024

Building production increases energy demand, which raises carbon dioxide emissions and leads to environmental degradation. The use of prefabricated buildings has the potential to play an important role in promoting sustainable development in the construction industry, and prefabricated building incentive policies (PBIP) are an effective means of improving the development level of prefabricated buildings (PBDL). This study investigated the significance of PBIP using a structural equation model (SEM) analysis of the results of 519 questionnaire surveys obtained in 10 prefabricated building demonstration cities in China. The results indicate that policy satisfaction has the most substantial impact on PBDL, with direct funding subsidy policy being the most influential factor. Policy application enthusiasm ranks second according to influence on PBDL, while policy awareness has the most negligible impact on PBDL among the examined factors. This research provides a reference for the government to formulate reasonable and effective prefabricated building incentive policies, and it may be useful for promoting the development of prefabricated buildings.
Investigation of the Causes of Soft-Storey and Weak-Storey Formations in Low- and Mid-Rise RC Buildings in Türkiye
Authors: Ulutaş Hakan
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the causes of soft-storey and weak-storey formations in low- and mid-rise RC (Reinforced Concrete) buildings in Türkiye. In the first phase of the study, 96 model buildings were designated for the examination of soft-storey irregularity when the ground floors are used for commercial purposes and the upper floors for residential use. The ground floor heights that would cause soft-storey irregularity in each of the selected buildings were determined according to the formulas given in the Türkiye Building Earthquake Code (TBEC) and the American Society of Civil Engineers Standard (ASCE). It was found that the ground floor heights obtained according to ASCE are usable in practice, whereas those obtained according to the TBEC, particularly for buildings over three storeys, are excessively high for practical use. This indicates that, even if the buildings in Türkiye are designed with very high ground floor heights, they do not have soft-storey irregularities, according to the TBEC, but soft-storey formation may occur in these buildings due to the high ground floor height as a result of the effects of earthquakes. Instead of the soft-storey irregularity coefficient limit value (nki > 2) found in the TBEC, this study proposes a new limit value to prevent the design of buildings with very high ground floors. In the second phase of the study, for the purpose of examining weak-storey irregularity, 105 model buildings differing in their infill wall layout, number of spans, span length, and number of storeys were selected. The weak-storey irregularity coefficients of each of these models were determined according to the TBEC. The results of the study revealed that buildings with no infill walls in one direction or with infill walls in only one of the exterior axes in one direction have a high risk of having weak storeys.
Spinal Intradural Tumor Resection via Long-Segment Approaches and Clinical Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Dieringer Laura , Baumgart Lea , Schwieren Laura , Gempt Jens , Wostrack Maria , Meyer Bernhard , Butenschoen Vicki M.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Spinal intradural tumors account for 15% of all CNS tumors. Typical tumor entities include ependymomas, astrocytomas, meningiomas, and neurinomas. In cases of multiple affected segments, extensive approaches may be necessary to achieve the gold standard of complete tumor resection. Methods: We performed a bicentric, retrospective cohort study of all patients equal to or older than 14 years who underwent multi-segment surgical treatment for spinal intradural tumors between 2007 and 2023 with approaches longer than four segments without instrumentation. We assessed the surgical technique and the clinical outcome regarding signs of symptomatic spinal instability. Children were excluded from our cohort. Results: In total, we analyzed 33 patients with a median age of 44 years and interquartile range IQR of 30–56 years, including the following tumors: 21 ependymomas, one subependymoma–ependymoma mixed tumor, two meningiomas, two astrocytomas, and seven patients with other entities. The median length of the approach was five spinal segments with a range of 4–14 and with the foremost localization in the cervical or thoracic spine. Laminoplasty was the most chosen approach (72.2%). The median time to follow-up was 13 months IQR (4–56 months). Comparing pre- and post-surgery outcomes, 72.2% of the patients (n = 24) reported pain improvement after surgery. The median modified McCormick scores pre- and post surgery were equal to II IQR (I–II) and II IQR (I–III), respectively. Discussion: We achieved satisfying results with long-segment approaches. In general, patients reported pain improvement after surgery and received similar low modified McCormick scores pre- and post surgery and did not undergo secondary dorsal fixation. Thus, we conclude that intradural tumor resection via extensive approaches does not seem to impair long-term spinal stability in our cohort.
Study on NH3-SCR Activity and HCl/H2O Tolerance of Titanate-Nanotube-Supported MnOx-CeO2 Catalyst at Low Temperature
Authors: Wang Qiulin , Liu Feng , Wu Zhihao , Jin Jing , Lin Xiaoqing , Lu Shengyong , Qiu Juan
Published: May 2024

Manganese oxide-cerium oxide supported on titanate nanotubes (i.e., MnCe/TiNTs) were prepared and their catalytic activities towards NH3-SCR of NO were tested. The results indicated that the MnCe/TiNT catalyst can achieve a high NO removal efficiency above 95% within the temperature range of 150–350 °C. Even after exposure to a HCl-containing atmosphere for 2 h, the NO removal efficiency of the MnCe/TiNT catalyst maintains at approximately 90% at 150 °C. This is attributed to the large specific surface area as well as the unique hollow tubular structure of TiNTs that exposes more Ce atoms, which preferentially react with HCl and thus protect the active Mn atoms. Moreover, the abundant OH groups on TiNTs serve as Brønsted acid sites and provide H protons to expel Cl atom from the catalyst surface. The irreversible deactivation caused by HCl can be alleviated by H2O. That is because the dissociated adsorption of H2O on TiNTs forms additional OH groups and relieves HCl poisoning.
The Enigma of Norbormide, a Rattus-Selective Toxicant
Authors: Fusi Fabio , Saponara Simona , Brimble Margaret A. , Rennison David , Hopkins Brian , Bova Sergio
Published: May 2024

Norbormide (NRB) is a Rattus-selective toxicant, which was serendipitously discovered in 1964 and formerly marketed as an eco-friendly rodenticide that was deemed harmless to non-Rattus species. However, due to inconsistent efficacy and the emergence of second-generation anticoagulants, its usage declined, with registration lapsing in 2003. NRBs’ lethal action in rats entails irreversible vasoconstriction of peripheral arteries, likely inducing cardiac damage: however, the precise chain of events leading to fatality and the target organs involved remain elusive. This unique contractile effect is exclusive to rat arteries and is induced solely by the endo isomers of NRB, hinting at a specific receptor involvement. Understanding NRB’s mechanism of action is crucial for developing species-selective toxicants as alternatives to the broad-spectrum ones currently in use. Recent research efforts have focused on elucidating its cellular mechanisms and sites of action using novel NRB derivatives. The key findings are as follows: NRB selectively opens the rat mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which may be a factor that contributes to its lethal effect; it inhibits rat vascular KATP channels, which potentially controls its Rattus-selective vasoconstricting activity; and it possesses intracellular binding sites in both sensitive and insensitive cells, as revealed by fluorescent derivatives. These studies have led to the development of a prodrug with enhanced pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiles, which is currently undergoing registration as a novel efficacious eco-sustainable Rattus-selective toxicant. The NRB-fluorescent derivatives also show promise as non-toxic probes for intracellular organelle labelling. This review documents in more detail these developments and their implications.
Study of Microstructure, Texture, and Cooking Qualities of Reformulated Whole Wheat Flour Pasta by Substituting Water with Stearic Acid–Candelilla Wax–Groundnut Oil Oleogel
Authors: Chaturvedi Diksha , Dhal Somali , Sahu Deblu , Jarzębski Maciej , Anis Arfat , Kim Doman , Pal Kunal
Published: May 2024

Oleogels, which are traditionally utilized to reduce saturated and trans fats in bakery foods, have recently shown promising applications in non-bakery foods, particularly in the enhancement of their food texture and cooking qualities. This study investigates the impact of incorporating stearic acid-containing candelilla wax–groundnut oil oleogel in various proportions on the production of whole wheat pasta. Five different pasta samples were prepared by replacing water with oleogels in varying concentrations (2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15%), and their physicochemical attributes were evaluated using a range of analytical methods for both cooked and uncooked pasta (like microscopy, colorimetry, dimensional analysis, texture, cooking qualities, moisture content, and FTIR). Significant differences in width, thickness, and color properties were observed between the control sample (0% oleogel) and those containing oleogel, with notable variations in surface texture and color intensities, particularly with the higher oleogel content (p < 0.05). Cooked pasta exhibited lower L* values and higher a* values than uncooked pasta. Stereo zoom microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) micrographs demonstrated a change in the pasta surface topology and microstructures. Dark spots on the pasta with greater oleogel concentrations (samples with 10% and 15% oleogel replacement) suggest the formation of starch–lipid complexes. Cooking induced pore formation, which was more pronounced when the oleogel content was increased, impacted the water absorption capacity, swelling index, and moisture content. The cooked samples exhibited higher moisture content and improved polymer network stability compared to the uncooked ones, indicating the potential of oleogel incorporation to modulate pasta properties in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings underscore the versatility of oleogels when their applications are diversified in non-bakery foods to enhance food texture and quality.
Influence of Silsesquioxane-Containing Ultra-Thin Polymer Films on Metal Oxide Gas Sensor Performance for the Tunable Detection of Biomarkers
Authors: Lupan Oleg , Brinza Mihai , Piehl Julia , Ababii Nicolai , Magariu Nicolae , Zimoch Lukas , Strunskus Thomas , Pauporte Thierry , Adelung Rainer , Faupel Franz , Schröder Stefan
Published: May 2024

Certain biomarkers in exhaled breath are indicators of diseases in the human body. The non-invasive detection of such biomarkers in human breath increases the demand for simple and cost-effective gas sensors to replace state-of-the-art gas chromatography (GC) machines. The use of metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors based on thin-film structures solves the current limitations of breath detectors. However, the response at high humidity levels, i.e., in the case of exhaled human breath, significantly decreases the sensitivity of MOX sensors, making it difficult to detect small traces of biomarkers. We have introduced, in previous work, the concept of a hybrid gas sensor, in which thin-film-based MOX gas sensors are combined with an ultra-thin (20–30 nm) polymer top layer deposited by solvent-free initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). The hydrophobic top layer enables sensor measurement in high-humidity conditions as well as the precise tuning of selectivity and sensitivity. In this paper, we present a way to increase the hydrogen (H2) sensitivity of hybrid sensors through chemical modification of the polymer top layer. A poly(1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane) (PV4D4) thin film, already applied in one of our previous studies, is transformed into a silsesquioxane-containing top layer by a simple heating step. The transformation results in a significant increase in the gas response for H2 ~709% at an operating temperature of 350 °C, which we investigate based on the underlying sensing mechanism. These results reveal new pathways in the biomedical application field for the analysis of exhaled breath, where H2 indicates gastrointestinal diseases.
The Potential Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Neonatal Brain Development and Adverse Health Outcomes
Authors: Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou Maria , Kountouras Jannis , Zournatzidou Georgia
Published: May 2024

Over the past decade, microbiome research has significantly expanded in both scope and volume, leading to the development of new models and treatments targeting the gut–brain axis to mitigate the effects of various disorders. Related research suggests that interventions during the critical period from birth to three years old may yield the greatest benefits. Investigating the substantial link between the gut and brain during this crucial developmental phase raises fundamental issues about the role of microorganisms in human health and brain development. This underscores the importance of focusing on the prevention rather than the treatment of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. The present review examines the gut microbiota from birth to age 3, with a particular focus on its potential relationship with neurodevelopment. This review emphasizes the immunological mechanisms underlying this relationship. Additionally, the study investigates the impact of the microbiome on cognitive development and neurobehavioral issues such as anxiety and autism. Importantly, it highlights the need to integrate mechanistic studies of animal models with epidemiological research across diverse cultures to better understand the role of a healthy microbiome in early life and the implications of dysbiosis. Furthermore, this review summarizes factors contributing to the transmission of gut microbiome-targeted therapies and their effects on neurodevelopment. Recent studies on environmental toxins known to impact neurodevelopment are also reviewed, exploring whether the microbiota may mitigate or modulate these effects.
Dysfunctional Breathing in Children: A Literature Review
Authors: Karkouli Georgia , Douros Konstantinos , Moriki Dafni , Moutsatsou Paraskevi , Giannopoulou Ioanna , Maratou Eirini , Koumpagioti Despoina
Published: May 2024

Dysfunctional breathing (DB) describes a respiratory condition that is mainly characterized by abnormal breathing patterns, affecting both children and adults, often leading to intermittent or chronic complaints and influencing physiological, psychological, and social aspects. Some symptoms include breathlessness; dizziness; palpitations; and anxiety, while its classification lies in breathing pattern disorders and upper airway involvement. Its prevalence among the pediatric population varies with a female overrepresentation, while the existence of comorbidities in DB, such as asthma, gastro-esophageal reflux, nasal diseases, and anxiety/depression, frequently leads to misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis and complicates therapeutic approaches. The basic diagnostic tools involve a detailed history, physical examination, and procedures such as structured light plethysmography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and laryngoscopy when a laryngeal obstruction is present. The management of DB presumes a multidimensional approach encompassing breathing retraining, disease-specific advice through speech and language therapy in the presence of laryngeal obstruction, psychotherapy for fostering self-efficacy, and surgical therapy in a structural abnormality. The current review was developed to provide a summary of classifications of DB and epidemiological data concerning the pediatric population, comorbidities, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic approaches to enhance the comprehension and management of DB in children.
Comparison between the Clancy Behavior Scale and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in Taiwan
Authors: Chu Ching-Lin , Su Wen-So , Iao Lai-Sang , Wu Chin-Chin , Hou Yuh-Ming
Published: May 2024

(1) Background: Precise diagnosis and early intervention are crucial for toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to achieve a better prognosis. This study investigated the efficacy of the Clancy Behavior Scale (CBS) and Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) in detecting ASD among toddlers under 30 months of age. (2) Methods: A total of 215 toddlers (117 with ASD and 98 with development delays) aged between 18 and 29 months participated in this study. All the primary caregivers of these toddlers were recruited to complete the CBS and M-CHAT. (3) Results: The findings indicated that the accuracy of the CBS and M-CHAT was promising, and the short forms of these two instruments performed better than their full versions. The CBS:9 critical items presented a sensitivity of 0.75 and a specificity of 0.74, while the M-CHAT:14 brief items showed a sensitivity of 0.72 and a specificity of 0.85. (4) Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of high-risk ASD toddlers improved via the combination of CBS and M-CHAT, particularly when the information gathered from these two instruments were consistent. The findings may provide implications for enhancing the early detection of ASD.
Insights into the Activation of Unfolded Protein Response Mechanism during Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Keramidas Panagiotis , Pitou Maria , Papachristou Eleni , Choli-Papadopoulou Theodora
Published: May 2024

Coronaviruses represent a significant class of viruses that affect both animals and humans. Their replication cycle is strongly associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which, upon virus invasion, triggers ER stress responses. The activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) within infected cells is performed from three transmembrane receptors, IRE1, PERK, and ATF6, and results in a reduction in protein production, a boost in the ER’s ability to fold proteins properly, and the initiation of ER-associated degradation (ERAD) to remove misfolded or unfolded proteins. However, in cases of prolonged and severe ER stress, the UPR can also instigate apoptotic cell death and inflammation. Herein, we discuss the ER-triggered host responses after coronavirus infection, as well as the pharmaceutical targeting of the UPR as a potential antiviral strategy.