bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Culture and Economic Development: Emigration as Evaluation of Lithuanian Cultural Environment
Authors: Radavicius Rytis
Published: October 2016

This article discusses the influence of culture on economic development and its historical significance. It includes the brief historical analysis of this influence, discussion of problems of its scientific evaluation and presentation of relevant theories and hypotheses. Several practical examples are given that indicate the influence of culture on economy and suggest possible solutions to countries seeking to attain economic welfare. The main issues addressed are: the scope of influence of cultural environment on economic development, the extent of its historical determination and the possibilities to modify it by innovative and consistent actions of the state. The Lithuanian cultural environment is evaluated from an emigration perspective following its comparison with several European countries and the presentation of two qualitative researches carried out by Lithuanian scientists aimed at geographical study preferences of young people.
The Shadow Economy is Retreating: The Example of Georgia
Authors: Kbiladze David , Metreveli Shorena
Published: October 2016

The economy of Georgia had corruptive characteristics at the end of the last century and that has largely contributed to the existence of high-scaled shadow economy. Tax avoidance by entrepreneurs is onsidered to be the main cause of shadow economy (Gabidzashvili, Kbiladze, 2010). The methodological measurement and assessment of the shadow economy is characterized by certain peculiarities; therefore, we have aimed to examine and assess the scale of shadow economy and its impact on the overall economy of Georgia. The research shows several di_erences between real indicators, obtained by interviewers using hidden chronometry, and those indicators declared by entrepreneurs (the non-traditional method of research). The differences reveal unregistered micro-level economy, and provide the basis for determining the scale of shadow economy on the macroeconomic level. This problem was discussed several times by the president of Georgia. The research uses methods of average values, time series and the correlation-regression analysis of data. The study allowed us to identify the pattern of shadow economy reduction in Georgia during recent years and its shifting from the illegal to legal sectors, also, the maintenance of same trends before 2020.
EUROPOS SĄJUNGOS PAGRINDINIŲ TEISIŲ CHARTIJOJE ĮTVIRTINTA TEISĖ Į GERĄ ADMINISTRAVIMĄ
Authors: Danėlienė Ingrida , Saudargaitė Ieva
Published: October 2016

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama Europos Sąjungos pagrindinių teisių chartijos 41 straipsnyje įtvirtintos teisės į gerą administravimą įtaka pažeistoms subjektinėms teisėms ginti Lietuvoje. Analizuojama teisės į gerą administravimą, kartu gero administravimo principo samprata tiek supranacionaliniu, tiek nacionaliniu lygmenimis, atskleidžiamas jų santykis, taip pat šios teisės (kartu ir gero administravimo principo) vaidmuo nacionaliniu lygmeniu ginant viešojo administravimo subjektų veiksmais ar neveikimu galimai pažeistas subjektines teises. Atlikto tyrimo pagrindu pateikiamos išvados, leidžiančios atsakyti į klausimą, kokią įtaką Europos Sąjungos pagrindinių teisių chartijos 41 straipsnyje įtvirtinta teisė į gerą administravimą turi viešojo administravimo subjektų veiksmais ar neveikimu pažeistų subjektinių teisių gynimui Lietuvoje.
ARBITRO NUŠALINIMAS IR JO TEISINIAI PADARINIAI
Authors: Varapnickas Tadas
Published: October 2016

Šiame straipsnyje analizuojami arbitro nušalinimo pagrindai ir iš to kylantys teisiniai padariniai. Atskleidžiamas teisės aktuose numatytų arbitro nušalinimo pagrindų turinys, Lietuvoje įtvirtinti nušalinimo pagrindai lyginami su užsienio valstybių praktika, aptariami tiesioginiai ir netiesioginiai arbitro nušalinimo padariniai arbitrui ir arbitražo procesui.
CRITERIA FOR THE COURT’S COMPLIANCE WITH THE OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE JUSTIFICATION OF ITS DECISIONS
Authors: Deshko Lyudmyla
Published: October 2016

The article aims to identify the criteria of ‘the court’s compliance with the obligation to provide justification of its decisions. The following criteria have been identified: a court accepted the party’s (parties’) argument that has the following features: is concrete; is relevant; is appropriate; in case of court’s refusal to accept the evidence provided by the party (parties), the court provides detailed and compelling reasons for this refusal listed in its decision document; the evidence was admitted in a fair way; the evidence was examined in a fair way; implications of evidence examination and application of judicial norms are in compliance with CPHRFF; the procedural decision-making is fair.
The bronchial obstruction as a complication of endovascular repair of aortic pseudoaneurysm in Behçet’s disease
Authors: Yesin Mahmut , Toprak Cüneyt , Acar Emrah , Kalçık Macit , Taşçı Ahmet Erdal , Pala Selçuk
Published: October 2016

Behçet’s disease (BD) is an autoimmune disorder affecting multiple organs. Aortic pseudoaneurysm is the most catastrophic lesion in BD. This lesion type is considered as a complicated and challenging pathology by surgeons because of the technical operative difficulties and frequent recurrence. So, the endovascular repair of inflammatory aortic pseudoaneurysm has been used as an alternative to open surgical repair. It is particularly important in patients who are high-risk surgical candidates because of comorbidities. In this report, we present a case and treatment of bronchial obstruction, which caused progressive dyspnea after endovascular repair of aortic rupture, in patient with known history of BD.
A rare case of tuberculous salpingitis
Authors: Romaniuk Anatolii , Gyryavenko Nataliya , Lyndin Mykola , Romaniuk Sofiia , Starkiv Miroslav , Slobodyan Galina
Published: October 2016

The objective of this study was to give an overview of a rare case of tuberculosis of the left fallopian tube in postmenopausal women. It is known that the isolated tuberculous salpingitis without spreading to the endometrium is extremely rare case. In our case, it simulated a cancer of appendages at the late stages that were proved by the increased level of CA-125. This fact as well as the macroscopic image of the left fallopian tube was incorrectly considered by the clinicians as a malignant neoplasm of fallopian tube. However, after pathomorphological examination of postoperative samples during histological study, the main method of verification of the diagnosis, revealed the specific granulomas in the samples that indicate the tubercular inflammation. It was considered by clinical and laboratory as data secondary focus.
Effects of Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract in alloxan induced diabetic mice
Authors: Tuorkey Muobarak J.
Published: October 2016

Objective

There is a lack of knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms of the antidiabetic activity of Moringa oleifera. This study investigates the antidiabetic effect of M. oleifera and its impact on the immune tolerance.

Methods

Alloxan-induced diabetes model for mice was used. A dose of 100 mg/kg of Moringa extract was orally administered to diabetic treated mice. Glucose and insulin levels were evaluated to calculate insulin resistance. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were measured. The relative percentage of CD44, CD69, and IFN-γ was investigated by flow cytometry.

Results

In diabetic mice, insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was increased 4.5-fold than in the control group, and HOMA-IR was decreased 1.3-fold in the Moringa treatment group. The level of TAC was declined 1.94-fold in diabetic mice, and increased 1.67-fold in diabetic treated group. In diabetic mice, creatinine and BUN levels were significantly reduced 1.42- and 1.2-fold, respectively, in Moringa treatment mice. The relative percentage of CD44 was not changed in diabetic mice, but the relative percentage of CD69 was found to be increased. INF-γ was decreased 2.4-fold in diabetic mice and elevated in treated groups.

Conclusion

Moringa may ameliorate insulin resistance, increase TAC, and improve immune tolerance.
DISTRIBUSI UKURAN DAN PARAMETER POPULASI LOBSTER PASIR (Panulirus homarus) DI PERAIRAN ACEH BARAT
Authors: Kembaren Duranta D , Nurdin Erfind
Published: October 2016

Penelitian tentang distribusi ukuran dan parameter populasi lobster pasir di perairan Aceh Barat dilakukan pada bulanApril sampai November 2013. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengkaji status lobster di perairan Aceh Barat dilihat dari aspek distribusi ukuran dan parameter populasinya. Pengamatan dan pengukuran lobster dilakukan di tempat pengumpul lobster dengan sistem sampling acak. Sebaran frekuensi panjang karapas selanjutnya ditabulasikan dan dianalisa dengan metode kurva logistik. Struktur ukuran lobster yang tertangkap menunjukkan bahwa lobster jantan dominan tertangkap dibawah ukuran nilai tengah 72,5 mm dan sebaliknya diatas ukuran nilai tengah 72,5 mm yang didominasi jenis kelamin betina. Lobster terlebih dahulu tertangkap sebelum mencapai ukuran matang gonad (Lc = 65,8mm< Lm= 76,8 mm). Puncak musim pemijahan terjadi pada bulan Mei dan Agustus. Panjang asimtosis (CL∞ ) sebesar 119,5 mm dengan laju pertumbuhan (K) 0,39/tahun serta laju kematian total (Z) 1,44/tahun, laju kematian alamiah (M) 0,67/tahun dan laju keamatian akibat penangkapan (F) 0,77/tahun. Laju eksploitasi sudah mengarah kepada penangkapan yang berlebih (E=0,54), oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan tindakan pengelolaan perikanan lobster yang berkelanjutan. Salah satu upaya yang dapat di tempuh adalah dengan menerapkan sistem penutupan musim penangkapan lobster pada saat terjadinya puncak musim pemijahan.Research on the length distribution and population parameters of scalloped spiny lobster conducted in the Aceh Barat waters during April to November 2013. The aim of this study was to assess lobster fishery status in this waters from the point of view their length size and population parameters. Sampel collected randomly in the lobster landing site. Distribution of carapace length frequency was tabulated and analysed using logistic curve method. Length composition of male lobster was dominated under 72,5 mm midlenght, while female lobster was dominated above 72,5 mm midlength. This study found that the scalloped spiny lobster was caught before their reach the size of maturity (Lc = 65,8 mm < Lm = 76,8 mm). The peak season of spawning was indicated on May and August. Asimtotic length (CL∞) of scalloped spiny lobster was 119,5 mm with the growth rate (K) 0,39/year, total mortality (Z) 1,44/year, natural mortality (M) 0,67/year, and fishing mortality (F) 0,77/year. Exploitation rate was leading to the overfishing condition (E=0,54). Thus, it is needed to manage the lobster fishery in this area to gain the sustainability. We suggest that closing system season should be applied, especially in the peak spawning season.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITON, FISH RESOURCES AND MANAGEMENT OF MANINJAU LAKE OF WEST SUMATERA
Authors: Sulastri Sulastri , Hartoto Dede Irving , Yuniarti Ivana
Published: October 2016

A blooming of Microcytis aeruginosa occurred in Maninjau Lake in 2000. Mass fish killed happened frequently due to deterioration of water quality in this lake. This study is aimed to observe the current environmental condition, fishery resources status and the state of development process of comanagement regime in Maninjau Lake. Water quality parameter such as temperature, conductivity, turbidity, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured in situ by using Horiba U-10 water checker. Total nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, total phosphorous, orthophosohate and chlorophyll-a parameter were analyzed using standard method. Phytoplankton was analyzed by Lackey Drop Microtransect. Fish samples were obtained from fishers’ catch. Fisheries data were collected by enumerator, through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and questioner list methods. Stakeholder analysis was conducted by focus group interview and discussion. In general, water quality parameters were suitable for the life of aquatic organisms except for DO and ammonia. These parameters indicated that the water quality of lake was still undergoing degradation process. Maninjau Lake is rich of nutrient as indicated by abundance of blue green algae. Bada fish (Rasbora argyrotaenia) is an important commodity and the fisheries significantly contributes to local people’ income. Current fisheries problems indicate the urgency of the management and conservation efforts. Several stakeholder groups showed their interest in management. The increment of institutional sustainability concern was reflected by the emergence of local wisdom and the demand for participatory development and management.
SIZE AND FISHING GROUND OFWAHOO (Acanthocybium solandri Cuvier, 1832) FROM CATCH DATA OF TUNA LONGLINE OPERATED IN INDIAN OCEAN
Authors: Widodo Agustinus Anung , Satria Fayakun , Nugraha Budi
Published: October 2016

Wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri Cuvier, 1832) is a member of the Scombrid family, is a pelagic (open ocean) species found worldwide in tropical and warm-temperate seas. It is fished throughout its range by artisanal, recreational, and commercial. Wahoo is one of the by-product species of the tuna long line fleets operate in Indian Ocean. This paper describes status of wahoo resource caught by tuna long line in Indian Ocean based at Benoa-Bali. Data obtained from onboard observer program on the tuna long liner based at Benoa-Bali during 2005-2010. Total of 85 trips of onboard observation were carried out with the total long line sets (one set per day) were 2873 times. The data covered the horizontal and vertical position of tuna long line hooks caught the wahoo, hook rate and fish size distribution. Data of horizontal fishing positions (coordinates) gained from the global positioning system availabled in the tuna long liners. The depth of the long line gear in the waters and teperature of waters were measured by mini-loggers TDR type SP2T-1200, brand: NKE Micrel. Hook rate of wahoo is calculated using the Klawe (1986) method. Result of research showed that the wahoos caught by tuna long lines based at Benoa spread horizontally between 1o31’-33o 40’S and 77o18’-117o53’E and spread vertically between the depth of 75.2- 285.7 m. From 85 tuna long line fishing trips, only about 50% of 85 tuna long line fishing trips caught wahoo with hook rate ranged 0.947-1.399 per 1000 hooks/setting. Size distribution of wahoo ranged 70-180cm with modus ranged 101-110cm.
STOMACH CONTENT OF THREE TUNA SPECIES IN THE EASTERN INDIAN OCEAN
Authors: Setyadji Bram , Bahtiar Andi , Novianto Dian
Published: October 2016

Feeding habit of tuna in Indian Ocean has been described around Sri Lanka, Indian Waters, Andaman Sea, western Indian Ocean (Seychelles Islands), western equatorial Indian Ocean whereas the tunas feeding habit study in Eastern Indian Oceanis merely in existence. The purpose of this study is to investigate the stomach content of three tuna species (bigeye tuna, yellowfin tuna, and skipjack tuna), apex predator in the southern part of Eastern Indian Ocean. The study was conducted in March – April, 2010 on the basis of catches of commercial tuna longline vessel based in Port of Benoa. A total of 53 individual fishes were collected, consisting of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacores), and skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis). Stomach specimens were collected and analyzed.Analysis was conducted on the basis of index of preponderance method. The diet of the three tuna species showed fishes as the main diet (56–82%), followed by cephalopods (squids) as the complementary diet (0–8%), and crustaceans (shrimps) as the additional diet (2–4%). Fish prey composed of 6 families i.e. Alepisauridae, Bramidae, Carangidae, Clupeidae, Engraulidae, and Scombridae.
GROWTH AND EXPLOITATION STATUS (Channa striata Bloch, 1793) IN LUBUK LAMPAM FLOODPLAINS, SOUTH SUMATERA
Authors: Fahmi Zulkarnaen , Nurdawati Syarifah , Supriyadi Freddy
Published: October 2016

Due to the economic importance of C. striata in Lubuk Lampam floodplains (Indonesia), this study is aimed to estimate the biological and population parameters required for proposing a future plan to sustain and manage this valuable fish resource. The growth, mortality and explotation ratio of Channa striata estimated by employing FiSATProgramme are reported. The parameters of Von Bertalanffy growth model of 1,529 sample fishes were estimated as K= 0.36/ year, L” = 72.98 cm and to = -0.52 year. The coefficients of total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were 1.72, 0.73 and 0.99 year-1 respectively. Relative yield per recruit analysis shows that the presentexploitation rate (E) was 0.58. Yield per recruit can be maximized at the exploitation ratio of 0.5 and Lc/Linf values of 0.3. The Yield per recruit and biomass per recruit models indicated that, the fisheries status of C. striata in Lubuk Lampam floodplains exceed the limit reference point (Fmax), thus stock of this species in Lubuk Lampam floodplains is indicated being driving down.Reduction in fishing effort and increase number of selective fishing gears are suggested to sustain the fishery of Channa striata in Lubuk Lampam floodplains.
ACOUSTIC CLASSIFICATION OF FRESHWATER FISH SPECIES USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK: EVALUATION OF THE MODEL PERFORMANCE
Authors: Fahmi Zulkarnaen , Wijopriono Wijopriono
Published: October 2016

Hydroacoustic techniques are a valuable tool for the stock assessments of many fish species. Nonetheless, such techniques are limited by problems of species identification. Several methods and techniques have been used in addressing the problem of acoustic identification species and one of them is Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). In this paper, Back propagation (BP) and Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) of the Artificial Neural Network were used to classify carp (Cyprinus carpio), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and catfish (Pangasius hypothalmus). Classification was done using a set of descriptors extracted from the acoustic data records, i.e. Volume Back scattering (Sv), Target Strength (TS), Area Back scattering Strength, Skewness, Kurtosis, Depth, Height and Relative altitude. The results showed that the Multi Layer Perceptron approach performed better than the Back propagation. The classification rates was 85.7% with the multi layer perceptron (MLP) compared to 84.8% with back propagation (BP) ANN.
DISCARDS OF THE INDONESIAN TUNA LONGLINE FISHERY IN INDIAN OCEAN
Authors: Setyadji Bram , Nugraha Budi
Published: October 2016

Incidental by-catch and associated discarding are difficult to estimate on the basis of logbook information because they are poorly reported by fishing masters and their importance varies with several interrelated factors. The purpose of this paper is to inform the commonly discarded fishes of the Indonesian tuna longline fishery in the Indian Ocean. The study was carried out during 2010 – 2011 following six commercial tuna longline vessels based in Port of Benoa. Discards composition was dominated by longnose lancetfish and pelagic stingrays which composed almost half of total discards. Almost half of total catch are discards and half of discards are disposed dead or dying.
THE DISTRIBUTION AND BIODIVERSITY OF FISHES IN LEBAK PAMPANGAN SWAMP SOUTH SUMATRA PROVINCE
Authors: Muthmainah Dina , Dahlan Zulkifli , Susanto Robiyanto H. , Gaffar Abdul Karim , Priadi Dwi P.
Published: October 2016

This research was conducted to evaluate the fish distribution and biodiversity within three types of swamp ecosystem with different water sources in Pampangan Sub-district during July to December 2011. The field observation were conducted in three different types of swamp. Ecological data and samples were collected from three sampling points in each swamp type. Parameters including local distribution, diversity index, similarity index, evenness and species richness, were analyzed. The results show a number of 9,723 fishes corresponding to 46 species were collected, the fish categorized into 16 families belonging to five orders. Eight species were found in all type of swamps i.e. Mystus nemurus, Channa striata, Cyclocheilchthys apogon, Cyclocheilichthys armatus, Pristolepis fasciata, Puntius lineatus, Osteochillus hasselti, and Trichogaster pectoralis. A diversity index of fishes in Pampangan Swamp ranged from 2.31 to 2.85, indicating moderate values. The evenness index was high more than 50%. The highest similarity was found between type 1 and type 3 of (0.43). The highest diversity index (2.85) found in type 2 of swamp indicates the swamp in more stable condition.
CATCH AND SIZE OF BULLET AND FRIGATE TUNA CAUGHT BY USING DRIFTING GILLNET IN INDIAN OCEAN OF INDONESIA BASED AT CILACAP FISHING PORT
Authors: Widodo Agustinus Anung , Satria Fayakun
Published: October 2016

Pelagic fishes such as bullet and frigate tuna in the Indian Ocean were caught in Indian Ocean of Indonesian jurisdiction using various fishing gears including, drifting gillnet and landed in various fishing port in along coastal of west Sumatera (Banda Aceh, Pariaman, Bungus/Padang and Painan) as well as south Java, Bali and Nusatenggara (Muarabaru/Jakarta, Pelabuhanratu, Cilacap, Kedonganan, Benoa). In Cilacap, tuna drifting gillnet fishery is fishing bullet and frigate tuna as by product. The current work describes the catch and size distribution of bullet tuna (Auxis rochei Risso, 1810) and frigate tuna (Auxis thazard Lacepède, 1800) caught by drifting gillnet based at Cilacap Fishing Port. Data and information obtained through catch monitoring, port sampling and landing report of Cilacap Fishing Port 2011 as well as from Capture Fisheries Statistics of Indonesia 2010. The catch estimation of bullet and frigate tuna on drifting gillnet fishery is about 3.220 and 47.346 tons respectively. The catch rate of drifting gillnets on the frigate tuna was 0.364 mt/trip in 2006 decreased to 0.054 mt/trip in 2011 (decreased average 17% per year). The catch
rate of drifting gillnets on the bullet tuna was also decreased from 0.178 mt/trip in 2006 to 0.013 mt/ trip in 2011. The FL of bullet and frigate tuna ranged respectively between 16-39cm and 25-46cm. Both species were mostly caught by drifting gillnet in adult size condition.
REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF INDONESIA MAHSEER (Tor tambroides, Bleeker, 1854), IN TWO DIFFERENT RIVERS IN WESTERN SUMATERA
Authors: Wibowo Arif , Kaban Siswanta
Published: October 2016

The reproductive characteristics of mahseer, Tor. tambroides, were studied in Manna River and Batang Tarusan River, which are located on each side of Western Sumatera River. The reproductive period of T. tambroides is largely consistent with that described for the species in other areas, however monthly variations in the extent and timing of peak spawning are recorded. The analysis of the sex ratio indicates an increase in the percentage of females with size, more marked in largest sizes. Seasonal patterns in the occurrences of spawning showed that the spawning season in Manna River lasted was similar with that in Batang Tarusan River, although a second prominent increase of GSI was observed in April and September in Manna River, meanwhile the GSI of Batang Tarusan River fish were below 2 without an apparent variation. L50s of Manna River and Batang Tarusan River mahseer were estimated as 24.5 cm and 20.66 cm, respectively, indicating a high variability in size at first maturity of the mahseer population. Our study provides some important information on the reproductive biology of T. tambroides that will be helpful in similar studies and contributed to fisheries management of this species.
PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE INDIAN OCEAN LONGLINE FISHERY LANDED AT BENOA PORT BALI INDONESIA
Authors: Rochman Fathur , Nugraha Budi
Published: October 2016

This study highlighted the occurrence of productivity and economic analysis of Indian Ocean longline fishery which was landed in Benoa port Bali Indonesia. The aim of this study is to determine feasibility of tuna longline effort based on business analysis and current condition. The data used in this study based on the Research Institute for Tuna Fisheries (RITF) observer program in Benoa from 2010-2011. This paper presents the current information on Catch per Unit of Effort (CPUE) and feasibility analysis based on the recent economic parameters. The CPUEs of tuna longline vessel in 2010 and 2011 respectively were 288.35 kg/effort and 281.97 kg/effort. The feasibility analysis of Indian Ocean tuna longline effort showed that tuna longline efforts remains profitable
and feasible with payback periods (year-3, month - 2 and day- 18), internal rate of return (53%), average rate of return (61.24%) and net present value between Rp 1.709.897.950,- (first year) and Rp 85.331.099.211,- (at the end of 25 years).
STRIPED CATFISH (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) (SAUVAGE, 1878) MOVEMENT AND GROWTH IN GAJAH MUNGKUR RESERVOIR, CENTRAL JAVA
Authors: Aida Siti Nurul , Utomo Agus Djoko
Published: October 2016

Movement is an essential mechanism by which mobile animals acquire the resources necessary for the successful completion of their life-cycles. Striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) contributed about 384 tonnes or approximately 40,04% to the total fish production in Gajah Mungkur reservoir. Diversion of Keduang River, one of Gajah Mungkur important inlets, could affect the the movement of this fish. The objective of this research were to analyze data related to the movement patterns and growth of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Field works were conducted from March to December 2011 by tagging experiment of large fish with the PDS-Tags and the T Bar-Tags for the small ones. Fish samples used for the experiment were collected from fisherment catch in Gajah Mungkur reservoir. The tag numbers, the release time, and the fish size were noted before releasing the tagged fish were released. Fishermen who caught the tagged fish were advised to report the fish tag number, time of catching, and fish size. The results showed that the Pangasianodon hypophthalmus could moved as far as 200 m to 15 km in 3- 176 days. In the rainy season most of the catfish moved far into the inlet wiroko and Keduang, and some to the inlet Wuryantoro. Pangasianodon hypophthalmusin Gajah Mungkur Reservoir had growth equation of Lt= 99(1-e 0.762(t-0.15)), with the growth coeficient (K)= 0.762/year, t0=0.15 year, infinity length (L”)= 99 cm. Water diversion of Keduang river, one of Gajah Mungkur inlets, did not fully dried the River during dry season and affected striped catfish movement and growth.
OPTIMASI PEMANFAATAN DAN KONSERVASI STOK IKAN SIDAT (Anguilla spp) DI DAS POSO, SULAWESI TENGAH
Authors: Krismono Krismono , Kartamihardja Endi Setiadi
Published: October 2016

Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Poso yang terdiri atas sungai Poso dan anak sungainya yang mengalir dari Danau Poso sampai muaranya di Teluk Tomini dan sungai-sungai kecil di sekitar muara Poso merupakan kawasan ruaya ikan sidat. Penangkapan ikan sidat dewasa (induk) di Tentena dengan Wayamassapi (perangkap) dan penangkapan glass eel di muara Poso yang sangat intensif akan berpengaruh terhadap penurunan produksi dan potensi ikan sidat di DAS Poso. Pembangunan PLTA Sulewana yang membendung sungai Poso di Sulewana juga akan berpengaruh terhadap penurunan produksi dan potensi ikan sidat karena pembendungan akan memutus ruaya ikan sidat. Selama periode tahun 2010-2012 anakan ikan sidat (glass eel) yang berruaya ke sungai Poso turun sekitar 10 juta ekor per tahun yaitu dari 36 juta ekor per tahun menjadi 35 juta ekor per tahun. Potensi induk sidat turun sekitar 3.000 ekor per tahun, yaitu dari 9.000 ekor menjadi 6.000 ekor per tahun. Dalam rangka konservasi dan optimasi pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan sidat, upaya yang perlu dilakukan adalah menetapkan sungai Pandiri dan Rawa Pandiri sebagai kawasan konservasi, melakukan restocking elver yang berukuran panjang lebih besar dari 15 cm di Danau Poso, membangun jalur ruaya sidat (eels ladder) di Sulewana, mengatur penangkapan sidat dewasa di Tentena dan menetapkan kuota penangkapan “glass eels” di Muara Sungai Poso.

Poso watershed composting of Poso River and its tributaries flowing the waters from Poso Lake to its mouth at Tomini Bay is one of migration habitat of tropical eels (Anguilla spp). Intensive exploitation of adult eels at outlet of the lake Poso at Tentena by using trap and glass eel at mouth of the Poso River has affected on the decreasing of the eels production. Damming of the Poso River at Sulewana has also affected the eels production sustainability due to barrier of the eels migration. During the period 2010-2012, the glass eels migration from the mouth of Poso River to the river decreased about 10 millions, from 36 millions to 35 millions individuals per year. The adult eels also decreased for about 3000 individuals, from 9000 individuals to 6000 individuals per year. In order to conserve and optimize the exploitation of the eels stock, some efforts, i.e., establishment of conservation area at Pandiri river and its swampy area, restocking of the elver with a total length more than 15 cm at Lake Poso, establishment of eels ladder at Sulewana, regulation of fishing for adult eels at Tentena and glass eels at mouth of the Poso River should be implemented.
Self-directed learning during problem-based learning sessions
Authors: Shankar Pathiyil Ravi , Nandy Atanu
Published: October 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Purpose: The study aimed to obtain student perceptions about the influence of problem-based learning on self-directed learning skills among undergraduate basic science medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among first to sixth-semester undergraduate medical students during the last week of July 2016. A previously used instrument was used after obtaining written permission from the developers. The data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 20. The free text comments were tabulated. Results: Fifty-two of the 90 students (58%) participated. The majority of respondents were between 20 to 30 years of age, and of either American or Canadian nationality. The gender distribution was nearly equal. The mean self-management of learning, independent pursuit of learning, learner control of instruction and personal autonomy scores were 2.95, 2.94, 2.98 and 2.87 (maximum possible score being 4). There were no significant differences in the mean domain scores according to age group, gender, and nationality of respondents. Conclusion: Respondents in the present study showed good scores on most statements related to the four dimensions of self-directed learning. Due to the hybrid nature of the curriculum and due to lectures being the dominant teaching-learning strategy, students may have devoted less effort and time to the PBL topics.
Mineralisation of sulfolane by UV/O3/H2O2 in a tubular reactor
Authors: Mehrabani-Zeinabad Mitra , Yu Linlong , Achari Gopal , Langford Cooper H.
Published: October 2016

Degradation of sulfolane in contaminated groundwater was studied in a flow-through photoreactor with recirculation, using various oxidative methods, including ozone (O3)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ultraviolet (UV)/ozone, UV/hydrogen peroxide and UV/ozone/hydrogen peroxide. Total organic carbon as an indicator of the extent of mineralisation and sulfate as a byproduct produced during degradation were measured. The effects of several operating conditions, including flow rate, initial concentration of sulfolane and ratio of different oxidants, were investigated. It was noted that although the loss of sulfolane was similar for the UV/ozone/hydrogen peroxide and the UV/hydrogen peroxide process, the overall mineralisation rates were significantly different, indicating that the combination of oxidants offers a significantly more efficient system. The results show that in water containing 100 mg/l sulfolane, more than 99·5% can be mineralised to carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O) and sulfate (SO4 2−) by the UV/ozone/hydrogen peroxide process (the most efficient process) within 4 h (13·2 kJ energy from UV irradiation transferred). The UV/ozone/hydrogen peroxide process mineralised sulfolane in contaminated groundwater, but with a longer reaction time.
Briefing: Continuous-flow RF–oxidation system for dairy manure treatment
Authors: Lo Kwang Victor , Liao Ping Huang , Srinivasan Asha , MacSween Jeff
Published: October 2016

A newly designed continuous-flow radio-frequency oxidation system for treating dairy manure slurry was evaluated. The suitability of the treated liquid dairy manure for struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O2) production and for use as liquid organic fertiliser was examined. The results indicated that the radio-frequency oxidation system was very effective for treating dairy manure; approximately 73% of the total soluble phosphorus, 48% of orthophosphates and 32% of soluble chemical oxygen demand were released. The resulting solution met stoichiometric equivalence requirements for the production of struvite and struvite-(K), and it also contained an excellent fertiliser value which can be used as liquid organic fertiliser.
Capacity of rectangular mudmat foundations on clay under combined loading
Authors: Dunne H. P. , Martin C. M.
Published: October 2016

Rectangular shallow foundations known as mudmats are commonly used in the offshore oil and gas industry. They are often subject to large horizontal forces that can also give rise to overturning and torsional moments. This paper focuses on analysing the ultimate capacity of a rigid rectangular mudmat resting on the surface of, or embedded in, homogeneous undrained clay. Realistic three-dimensional load combinations are applied, based on the combined horizontal, moment and torsional loading generated by a horizontal force applied within the envelope of the mudmat and the equipment that it supports. Analytical lower- and upper-bound plasticity calculations are performed for a surface footing under combined horizontal and torsional loading, while embedded footings and more complex loading arrangements are considered using three-dimensional finite-element limit analysis. The undrained soil is modelled as a rigid–plastic von Mises material, and the interface between the external sides of the mudmat and the soil is modelled with both unlimited and zero tension capacity. Design charts are presented and relationships between loading combinations and failure mechanisms are explored.
Teaching urbanism: the Delft approach
Authors: Nijhuis Steffen , Stolk Egbert , Hoekstra MaartenJan
Published: October 2016

The Department of Urbanism at the Faculty of Architecture and Built Environment at the Delft University of Technology has a long tradition in educating generations of internationally oriented designers, planners and researchers in urbanism. Here the domain of urbanism is defined as an interdisciplinary approach that engages in real-world sociocultural, ecological and technological issues affecting urban landscapes, from the perspective of spatial planning and design. Specifically, it combines the disciplines of spatial planning, urban design and landscape architecture, having their own theories, methods and techniques, but also sharing common grounds and being complementary. Urbanism education focuses on specific context-related design tasks, in which knowledge from different disciplines is synthesised into coherent multiscale proposals. This paper aims to elaborate on the foundations of the Delft approach to urbanism education that focuses on the urban landscape as a scale continuum, uses design research and research through design as important teaching and research strategies, and regards mapping and drawing as important tools for thinking. The typical Dutch geographic context and spatial planning traditions are the foundation for this approach. The paper addresses the backgrounds and describes the principles of the present education strategies, learning tactics and examination, and identifies their challenges.
MORFOMETRIA DO RAMO MANDIBULAR EM DIFERENTES TIPOS CRANIOMÉTRICOS
Authors: Fernandes Atson Carlos de Souza , Loureiro Raquel Pimentel
Published: October 2016

INTRODUÇÃO: A mandíbula é um dos ossos da face mais susceptíveis à fraturas e deformidades, tratados através de procedimentos cirúrgicos. Na técnica de osteotomia sagital do ramo mandibular (OSRM) o corte horizontal é feito na face medial do ramo imediatamente acima da língula. OBJETIVO: O propósito desse estudo foi verifi car a existência de correlação da altura e largura do ramo em relação ao gênero e índice cefálico. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram utilizadas 48 mandíbulas humanas dentadas de adultos do tipo dolico (16), meso (16) e braquicefálico (16). Os pontos pré determinados utilizados como referências anatômicas no ramo para mensurações foram: (I) ponto mais inferior da incisura mandibular, (B) ponto mais alto da margem inferior, (A) ponto mais posterior da margem anterior (A) e (P) ponto mais anterior da margem posterior. RESULTADOS: A média da altura e largura do ramo mandibular não apresentou diferença na comparação entre os índices cefálicos (dolico - 47,05 / 32,09mm; meso - 47,27 / 32,57mm; braquicefálico - 46,41 / 29,58mm). Na comparação das dimensões com o gênero, a diferença encontrada foi a altura do ramo no sexo masculino (49,08mm), maior do que no feminino (42,76mm). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados aqui encontrados podem ser utilizados como referência em procedimentos cirúrgicos do ramo mandibular, investigações forenses e estudos de comparação a dados obtidos em espécimes de outras nacionalidades.
MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS DE CONTROLE DO BIOFILME EM PRÓTESES REMOVÍVEIS - REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Carvalho Ludmila Dias , Dantas Larissa Dominguez Pereira , Lima Emilena Maria Castor Xisto
Published: October 2016

A atuação do dentista é decisiva tanto no tratamento reabilitador bem como na instrução e motivação do paciente quanto à higienização das próteses no momento de sua instalação e durante todo o seu uso. Cabe ao cirurgião-dentista conhecer os materiais e métodos empregados na manutenção da higiene bucal, selecioná-los e, de acordo com as peculiaridades de cada caso, motivar e orientar sua aplicação. Entretanto, o que se observa é uma difi culdade dos profi ssionais em utilizar um protocolo de controle de biofi lme na reabilitação bucal com próteses removíveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar a literatura acerca dos materiais e métodos disponíveis para a correta higiene das próteses removíveis.
MANEJO DE PACIENTES COM HALITOSE ATENDIDOS NO SERVIÇO PÚBLICO DE SAÚDE
Authors: Araujo Luciana Mara Peixôto , Santana Ariane De Oliveira , Moura Iasmin De Sousa , De-Matos Jefferson David Melo , Dutra Marignês Theotonio dos Santos , Santos Carolina Carvalho de Oliveira , Fonseca-Silva Thiago
Published: October 2016

A halitose é caracterizada pelo odor fétido emanado pela cavidade bucal considerado um sintoma constrangedor com signifi cativo impacto social. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento dos profi ssionais atuantes no Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS (Atenção Primária e Secundária) sobre a halitose, bem como analisar os critérios para encaminhamentos dos casos suspeitos. O presente estudo contou com a participação de 37 profi ssionais de saúde entre médicos e cirurgiões-dentistas. Todos os participantes responderam um questionário estruturado sobre a etiologia, manejo e tratamento da halitose. Entre todos os profi ssionais analisados 92% (n=34) afi rmaram receber pacientes com queixa de halitose. Para 88% (n=22) dos cirurgiões-dentistas e 50% (n=06) dos médicos a principal causa da halitose advém de origem bucal. Do total de participantes, 89,1% (n=33) afi rmaram realizar o tratamento da halitose. Em adição, o exame complementar mais solicitado para o diagnóstico da halitose foi a radiografi a da face. Os resultados sugerem que existem incoerências no manejo e tratamento da halitose no setor público de saúde. O presente estudo traz à tona a necessidade de conscientizar e qualifi car os médicos e cirurgiões-dentistas quanto aos fatores etiológicos, formas de diagnóstico e tratamento da halitose.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA CÁRIE DENTÁRIA, CONDIÇÕES PERIODONTAIS E HIGIENE ORAL EM ESCOLARES DO MUNICÍPIO DE CAAPORÃ - PB, BRASIL
Authors: Martins Mariana Leonel , Cartaxo George Max de Oliveira , Padilha Wilton Wilney Nascimento
Published: October 2016

OBJETIVO: Analisar as condições de saúde bucal de escolares de Caaporã-PB quanto à prevalência de cárie, alterações periodontais e qualidade de higiene oral. METODOLOGIA: Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 320 alunos distribuídos nas idades de 5, 12 e 15 a 19 anos com 62, 112 e 146 escolares, respectivamente. O nível de confi ança foi 95%, com 5% de margem de erro e amostragem selecionada de modo não aleatório. Utilizou-se os índices ceo-d e CPO-D (dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados), o Índice de Higiene Oral Simplifi cado (IHOS) e o Índice Periodontal Comunitário (IPC) para avaliar sangramento gengival e cálculo dentário. Efetuou-se análise descritiva e inferencial dos dados com teste Qui-quadrado (α=0,05). RESULTADOS: O ceo-d foi 3,69+4,71 aos 5 anos e 42,0% não tiveram experiência de cárie. O CPO-D obtido aos 12 e 15 a 19 anos foi, respectivamente, 2,44+2,60 e 3,73+3,28, sendo 20,6% e 17,1% livres de cárie. O IHOS apresentou mediana 1,16±0,51 e não houve diferença em relação à cárie (p>0,05). Verifi cou-se que 90,1% dos escolares que apresentaram sangramento gengival e 85,7% dos que apresentaram cálculo tinham CPO>1 (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência da cárie foi considerada alta aos 5 anos, baixa aos 12 e média dos 15 aos 19 anos. A higiene oral foi classifi cada como regular, sendo mais defi ciente nas crianças de 5 anos. Houve associação (p<0,05) entre cárie e condições de sangramento gengival (RP=3,117; IC=1,332-7,296) e cálculo dentário (RP=1,983; IC=1,027-3,829). Esses resultados possibilitam o direcionamento das ações em saúde e, consequentemente, a obtenção de melhores condições bucais.
Cytogenotoxic effects of two potential anticancer Ruthenium(III) Schiff Bases complexes
Authors: Eminovic Izet , Kahrovic Emira , Mesic Aner , Turkusic Emir , Kargic Dzenana , Zahirovic Adnan , Dolicanin Zana
Published: October 2016

Introduction: Treatment of cancer has been subject of great interest. Researchers are continuously searching for new medicines. In this sense, ruthenium complexes have big potential. Some evidences suggest that ruthenium compounds possess anticancer activities. We synthesized two recently published ruthenium(III) complexes with bidentate O,N and tridentate O,O,N Schiff bases derived from 5-substituted salicylaldehyde and aminophenol or anilineare. These compounds showed affinity for binding to the DNA molecule, however, insufficient data are available regarding their possible toxic effects on biological systems.Methods: In the present study we evaluated genotoxic, cytotoxic, and cytostatic effects of Na[RuCl2(L1)2] and Na[Ru(L2)2], using the Allium cepa assay.Results: Different toxic effects were observed depending on the substance, tested concentration, and endpoint measured. In general, the tested compounds significantly lowered the root growth and mitotic index values as compared to the control group. Additionally, a wide range of abnormal mitotic stages, both clastogenic and non-clastogenic were observed in the treated cells. Na[RuCl2(L1)2] significantly increased the frequency of sticky metaphases, chromosome bridges, micronuclei, impaired chromosome segregation, as well as number of apoptotic and necrotic cells over the controls. In contrast, Na[Ru(L2)2] did not show significant evidence of genotoxicity with regard to chromosome aberrations and micronuclei, however, significant differences were detected in the number of apoptotic and necrotic cells when the highest concentration was applied.Conclusions: In this study we demonstrated antiproliferative effects of Na[RuCl2(L1)2] and Na[Ru(L2)2]. At clinical level, these results could be interesting for further studies on anticancer potential of the ruthenium(III) complexes using animal models.
Geometry of highly inclined protoplanetary disks
Authors: Zakhozhay O. , del Burgo C. , Zakhozhay V.
Published: October 2016

We present a geometric model for the modelling of spectral energy distribution of inclined protoplanetary disks. We investigate peculiarities in the geometry of nearly edge-on disks with an inner hole and a central object. In the investigation we consider two cases: that of geometrically thin disks (where the star is larger than the rim of the inner edge of the disk) and that of geometrically thick disks (when the star is smaller than the inner rim of the disk). Our model is appropriate for modelling substellar objects with primordial gas-rich disks, as activity (such as accretion or outflows) in such disks has low amplitude and can be ignored even when modelling early evolution stages. Furthermore, it can also be used to model any symmetric system with a disk and a spherical central body (star, brown dwarf or giant planet).
Climate, habitat associations and the potential distributions of Neotropical birds: Implications for diversification across the Andes
Authors: Cadena Carlos Daniel , Pedraza Carlos A. , Brumfield Robb T.
Published: October 2016

En contraste con la visión tradicional de que el levantamiento de los Andes impulsó la diversificación biótica causando vicarianza en varios grupos con distribuciones que antes eran continuas, investigaciones recientes sugieren que eventos de dispersión a través de los Andes sucedidos después de los principales episodios de levantamiento fueron catalizadores principales de la especiación en aves neotropicales, y que la habilidad de los linajes para persistir y dispersarse en el paisaje predice fuertemente los patrones de especiación. Sin embargo, se desconoce cuándo y dónde sucedieron dichos eventos de dispersión, y el papel de las fluctuaciones climáticas y el consecuente desplazamiento de la vegetación como promotores de la dispersión a través de los Andes en distintos momentos no ha sido estudiado. Empleamos modelos de la distribución potencial de especies basados en datos de clima actual e histórico para examinar escenarios de dispersión a través de los Andes en 41 especies de aves neotropicales de tierras bajas con diferentes afinidades de hábitat. Nuestros resultados indican que la conectividad ecológica que favorecería la dispersión a través de los Andes en el presente es mayor en pasos bajos de la cordillera del sur de Ecuador y el norte de Perú que en pasos bajos de Colombia, y este patrón espacial parece haberse mantenido en cuatro momentos diferentes de los últimos 130,000 años. También encontramos que aunque algunas áreas actualmente no serían propicias para la dispersión de las aves a través de los Andes, bajo condiciones climáticas del pasado (i.e. durante períodos más fríos y secos) presentaron condiciones climáticas sustancialmente más idóneas para permitir la conectividad ecológica de poblaciones a través de la cordillera. No encontramos diferencias consistentes en la conectividad ecológica presente y pasada a través de los Andes entre especies de diferentes tipos de hábitat. Sugerimos que los valles andinos impulsan la diversificación evolutiva no solo porque aíslan las poblaciones de especies de montaña, sino porque permiten la dispersión episódica de especies de las tierras bajas. Nuestros modelos permiten hacer predicciones sobre flujo genético que pueden ser evaluadas en estudios futuros que examinen patrones de intercambio genético a escala fina usando herramientas de genética del paisaje. © Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. 2016.