bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Boundary Work in Response to Professionals’ Contextual Constraints: Micro-strategies in Interprofessional Collaboration
Authors: Weber Clarissa E. , Kortkamp Christian , Maurer Indre , Hummers Eva
Published: January 2022

Boundary-work research has extensively explored how professionals engage in boundary work to protect or expand their professional boundaries in interprofessional collaboration (IPC). Yet professionals’ contextual constraints in everyday work, such as time pressure or legal restrictions, often result in competing interests of the professionals involved in IPC, prompting them to engage in boundary work to limit—instead of protect or expand—their boundaries. Our empirical analysis uses comprehensive qualitative data on IPC in Germany between self-employed general practitioners (GPs) and registered nurses employed in nursing homes. In this IPC, GPs’ efficiency interests frequently compete with nurses’ safeguarding interests, leading both professionals to engage in boundary-work efforts to limit their boundaries. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding and framework of professionals’ boundary work, showing that individual GPs and nurses typically hold a portfolio of various defending and accommodating micro-strategies. Based on our first-order findings, we identify how different sources of power enable particular micro-strategies and explore how the choice of micro-strategies depends on different forms of trust in the collaborating partner. Last, we outline interactions of micro-strategies, illustrating how the outcomes of professionals’ bilateral boundary work depend on the sequence of these strategies.
New Zealand's Immigration Policy and External Affairs
Authors: Roy W. T.
Published: January 2022

Cet article présente la thèse suivante: entre la politique immigratoire et la politique étrangère le lien est très étroit; tandis que jusqu'à présent la Nouvelle-Zélande n'a pas atteint une connaissance suffisante de ce lien dans le domaine en question.

L'auteur fait remarquer que l'aspect de la politique immigratoire néozélandaise le plus proche à la politique étrangère est la restriction de l'immigration asiatique. Il propose d'ailleurs qu'une solution meilleure et plus équitable des requêtes opposées, d'une homogénéité ethnique permanente dans le pays d'une part, et d'une présentation favorable à l'étranger d'autre part, est possible. Une solution du genre, plus en accord avec les principes suggérés par un réalisme politique, donnerait à la Nouvelle-Zélande une politique stable, qui sauvegarderait ses intérêts soit au pays qu'à l'étranger.
The Economic Desirability of Migration
Authors: Stark Tadeusz
Published: January 2022

L'objet de cette étude est une recherche sur les intérêts économiques qui gouvernent l'émigration. Les avantages et les désavantages économiques des mouvements d'émigration en général et aussi dans des situations concrètes sont déduits des études antérieures dans ce domaine et des cas de certains pays d'émigration. L'avantage économique de l'émigration peut être analysé de deux points de vue: individuel et national. Il semble qu'il n'y ait aucune règle universelle qui détermine l'influence de l'émigration sur la situation économique d'un pays. Plutôt, celà dépend d'une évaluation de la situation économique de chacun des deux pays intéressés pour décider si l'émigration entre eux soit désirable.
A Theory and a Method for the Psychological Study of Assimilation
Authors: Richardson Alan
Published: January 2022

A theory of assimilation is presented which specifies the characteristic sequence of psychological changes through which an immigrant may pass. It is asserted that a minimal level of satisfaction with his new life constitutes the necessary prerequsite for the development of an identification or feeling of attachment to the new community. In its turn, a minimal level of identification is the typical prerequisite for a high level of acculturation to occur, in which the immigrant actually becomes more like relevant members of the host group. Support for this theory has been obtained from studies employing cumulative scaling methods and from the finding that predictable relationships exist between each level of assimilation and variables selected on the basis of the theory.

Dr. Richardson's theory is a very valuable tool of socio-psychological analysis, almost an indispensable step to be taken before any study of structural assimilation and it shows the need of approaching the problems of immigrants from their individual perspective as well as from the perspective of the societies of departure and arrival. **
Assimilation of the Puerto Ricans on the Mainland
Authors: Macisco John J.
Published: January 2022

Social scientists have repeatedly tried to specify the process whereby assimilation takes place. This article points out the value of socio-demographic analysis in the study of assimilation, by describing the characteristics of Puerto Ricans on the United States mainland. In order to assess the direction of change between the first and second generation Puerto Ricans, data for the total United States population are also presented. Most of the data are drawn from the 1960 Census. First generation Puerto Ricans are compared with the second generation along the following dimensions: age, education, labor force status, income, occupation, age at first marriage, percent outgroup marriage and fertility. The Author concludes that second generation Puerto Ricans are moving in the direction of total United States averages.
The Puerto Ricans in New York: A Progress Note
Authors: Senior Clarence
Published: January 2022

Assimilation and mobility seem to be two reciprocal aspects of the emigration experience. In fact, to the extent that immigrants, and other minority groups as well, are found distributed throughout the institutions of the host society and share in policy making decisions, we may say that they have become integrated in the larger society. This article looks for signs of Puerto Ricans’ institutional distribution and finds encouraging progress in the social, religious, especially economic and political fields. The emerging implication is that the Puerto Ricans’ economic and political assimilation is at least equal to, and in some instances more marked than, that of earlier incoming groups.
The Migration Experience of New York Puerto Ricans: A Perspective on Return
Authors: Myers George C. , Masnick George
Published: January 2022

Prospective return migrants to Puerto Rico and prospective permanent residents in New York are examined with respect to a number of factors that relate to their return migration choice, such as ties with Puerto Rico and visits back to the island. Although the significance of the study is reduced by the small sample used, the important question raised of how to identify prospective return migrants should certainly stimulate further research. In fact, the possibility of having migrants as carriers of social change in the areas to which they return could lead to effective transformation of the underdeveloped regions originating emigration. Therefore, careful training of, and planning for, return migrants should be a concern of governmental and private agencies in both the country to which the migrants come and to which they return.
Ethnic and Racial Groups in Urban Communities in Crisis
Authors: Engel Madeline H.
Published: January 2022

The A.I.C.C. Seminar did not specifically address itself to the Puerto Ricans and so the reader may ask what is the relevance of the Seminar to this particular group of newcomers? Why has the summary of its proceedings been included in an issue of the Review which was written before he seminar took place and which is allegedly dedicated to Puerto Ricans’ experiences and prospects? Simply stated, the relevance of the Seminar for this group of newcomers rests with:

1. its repeated emphasis on power as opposed to ethnic culture in the analysis of inter-group relations in the city, an emphasis which echoes the theme of Joseph P. Fitzpatrick's position paper, “Puerto Ricans in Perspective”;

2. its sharp focus on groups’ needs of a nexus of institutions to insure their proper power position, a focus reminiscent of the Puerto Rican Conference mentioned in Clarence Senior's article, “The Puerto Ricans in New York: A Progress Note”;

3. its statements of the Bilingual Education Act of 1968, which has the potential to vastly affect the Puerto Ricans;

4. its call for new services for newcomers, services which will revolve around community organization and maximal participation of the newcomers themselves in programmatic efforts to ameliorate their position. This call is, in our opinion, to be sounded by the Puerto Ricans, as well as other ethno-racial groups, if their progress on the mainland is to continue.
Color and Skill: British Immigration, 1955–1968
Authors: Gish Oscar
Published: January 2022

The factors conditioning immigration to the United Kingdom are analyzed in this article with the view to understand British immigration policy. The volume and place of origin of immigrants, the attitudes held toward immigrants by the British people, the legal and administrative framework placed around immigration, the emigration of highly skilled people from the United Kingdom in more recent years, all these aspects—the author shows—have contributed to the formulation of past governmental decisions and are likely to determine the volume and quality of future British immigration.
Differential Rates of Assimilation in an Ethnic Group: In Ritual, Social Interaction, and Normative Culture
Authors: Sengstock Mary C.
Published: January 2022

Pursuing a research theme similar to the one in the previous article by Russo, this study compares immigrant and non-immigrant retention of the social, but not the cultural characteristics of the ethnic pattern. The findings point in the same direction: some American reared members of the Chaldean ethnic group apparently continue to identify with their ethnic community after they have dropped many other aspects of their socio-cultural life-style.

It appears that the pattern exhibited by the Italians in New York City and the Iraqi Chaldeans in Detroit is a common one and it suggests a further line of research into the sociopsychological variables supporting group identification in American society.
Education and the Integration of Immigrants in Israel
Authors: Adler Chaim
Published: January 2022

This article deals with the issue of educational versus social integration. It attempts to analyze the historic and social motives of the Israeli elite in delegating to education an important role in the social integration of ethnically different groups.

A distinction between two main groups of factors responsible for these students’ failure in school are made: (1) causes of failure directly related to a state of disadvantage; (2) causes of failure stemming from the nature of modern school.

The article concludes with a discussion of the measures employed by the Israeli school system to reduce this failure and offers a set of additional measures.
Internal Migration in Brazil
Authors: Fischlowitz Estanislau , Engel Madeline H.
Published: January 2022

The significance of internal migration for social change is a sociological theme highly debated in Latin America today. The article that follows briefly examines internal migration in Brazil. These migrations are not new, but they are increasing at the present because of a rapid process of urbanization.

The author analyzes inter-regional, inter-State and intra-State population movements and assesses the causes underlying them: droughts and inundations, latifundia and limited opportunities in rural areas. He concludes by pointing out the social and economic consequences of internal migrations and the Government's reaction to them.
Ethnicity: A Neglected Dimension of American History
Authors: Cinel Dean
Published: January 2022

A Report on the Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Organization of American Historians held in Philadelphia, April 18, 1969.
Validation of external and internal exposome of the findings associated to cerebral small vessel disease: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Xue-Qing , Yang Yu-Xiang , Zhang Can , Leng Xin-Yi , Chen Shi-Dong , Ou Ya-Nan , Kuo Kevin , Cheng Xin , Han Xiang , Cui Mei , Tan Lan , Feng Lei , Suckling John , Dong Qiang , Yu Jin-Tai
Published: January 2022

The exposome characterizes all environmental exposures and their impact on a disease. To determine the causally-associated components of the exposome for cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), we performed mendelian randomization analysis of 5365 exposures on six clinical and subclinical CSVD measures. We found statistically significant evidence (FDR-corrected P < 0.05) that hypertension, high cholesterol, longer television-watching time, lower educational qualifications, younger age of first sexual intercourse, smoking, reduced pulmonary function, higher subjective overall health rating, and frequent tiredness were associated with increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage or small vessel stroke. Adiposity, diabetes, frequent alcoholic drinks, higher white blood cell count and neutrophil count were significantly associated with higher risk of non-lobar hemorrhage or small vessel stroke, but not lobar hemorrhage. Hypertension, higher arm or leg fat-free mass and higher sitting height were significantly associated with higher white matter hyperintensities. The results were robust to sensitivity analyses and showed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy. We also identified 41 exposures suggestively associated (uncorrected P < 0.05) with multiple CSVD measures as the “the CSVD exposome”. This exposome-wide association study provides insight into CSVD development and prevention.
Protecting Whiteness: Counter-Terrorism, and British Identity in the BBC’s Bodyguard
Authors: Pears Louise
Published: January 2022

This article uses Bodyguard to trace the ways that whiteness is represented in counter-terrorism TV and so draw the links between whiteness, counter-terrorism and culture. It argues that Bodyguard offers a redemptive narrative for British whiteness that recuperates and rearticulates a British white identity after/through the War on Terror. As such it belongs to a later genre of counter-terrorism TV shows that move on from, but nonetheless still propagate, the discursive foundations of the ongoing War on Terror. This reading of Bodyguard is itself important, as popular culture is a site where much of the British population made and continues to make sense of their relationship to the UK during the War on Terror, forging often unspoken ideas about whiteness. It affords the opportunity to draw out the connections between whiteness and counter-terrorism, connections that need further scholarly attention to fully understand the complex relationships between security and race.
“We Were Loving Warriors!”: A Content Analysis of Black Women’s Resistance Within Psychological Science
Authors: shodiya-zeumault shola , Aiello Michelle , Hinger Cassandra L. , DeBlaere Cirleen
Published: January 2022

Though findings are mixed, collective action engagement has been shown to be positively associated with greater academic success, social support, political efficacy, and well-being with racially marginalized individuals. Despite these findings, however, investigations of collective action engagement with Black American adult women within psychological science are scarce. Consistent with Black feminist thought, the construct of resistance may provide a necessary expansion to include all the ways that Black women actively work to transform their communities toward justice, beyond collective action. To ascertain the breadth and scope of psychological research related to Black women’s resistance (i.e., collective action engagement) to interpersonal discrimination and structural oppression, in this systematic review and content analysis we sought to identify participants’ and scholars’ definitions of resistance, as well as thematic dimensions and specific strategies of resistance. Additionally, we sought to determine the outcomes of resistance that have been assessed and the degree to which psychological health and well-being have been examined as an outcome of resistance within the literature. Findings from the analysis suggest the need for future examinations of the specific influence of Black American women’s collective action engagement and resistance to oppression on their well-being. Additionally, the findings of this review may have important implications for Black women’s well-being and as such, we discuss resistance work as a therapeutic intervention that can be encouraged by therapists, healers, community leaders, and educators.
Outcomes of Arthroscopic Decompression of the Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Schaver Andrew L. , Leary Steven M. , Henrichsen Jacob L. , Larson Christopher M. , Westermann Robert W.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) impingement has been increasingly recognized as a source of extra-articular impingement and hip pain. However, no aggregate data analysis of patient outcomes after AIIS decompression has been performed.

Purpose:

To evaluate outcomes after arthroscopic AIIS decompression.

Study Design:

Meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were queried for all English-language studies reporting outcomes of arthroscopic AIIS decompression performed in isolation or in conjunction with hip impingement correction surgery. After screening, 10 articles were included. The indications for AIIS decompression were recorded, and weighted mean improvements in patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores, complication rates, and revision rates were calculated.

Results:

A total of 547 patients (311 women; 57%) were identified, with a total of 620 operative hips. The mean age was 28.42 ± 5.6 years, and the mean follow-up was 25.22 ± 11.1 months. A total of 529 hips (85%) underwent AIIS decompression, 530 hips (85%) underwent femoral osteochondroplasty, and 458 hips (74%) underwent labral repair. Of the patients, 13% underwent bilateral AIIS decompression. The mean modified Harris Hip Score improved from 61.3 ± 6.9 to 88.7 ± 4.7 postoperatively (change, 27.4 ± 5.7 points; P < .001), the Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living improved from 67.2 ± 10.6 to 91.1 ± 3.2 postoperatively (change, 24.0 ± 8.0 points; P = .001), and the Hip Outcome Score–Sports Specific Subscale improved from 36.8 ± 19.2 to 82.8 ± 3.8 postoperatively (change, 46.0 ± 18.2 points; P = .002). The pooled risk of postoperative complications was 1.1% (95% CI, 0.1%-2.1%), and the pooled risk of needing revision surgery was 1.0% (95% CI, 0.1%-2.0%). No complication was directly attributed to the AIIS decompression portion of the procedure.

Conclusion:

PROs improved significantly after hip arthroscopy with AIIS decompression, with a low risk of postoperative complications and subsequent revision surgeries. Failure to identify extra-articular sources of hip pain in outcomes of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, including from the AIIS, could lead to poorer outcomes and future revision surgery.
The Biomechanical and Histological Processes of Rerouting Biceps to Treat Chronic Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Xu Junjie , Li Yufeng , Zhang Xueying , Han Kang , Ye Zipeng , Wu Chenliang , Jiang Jia , Yan Xiaoyu , Su Wei , Zhao Jinzhong
Published: January 2022

Background:

Recently, the biceps was rerouted into a newly fabricated bicipital groove for in situ superior capsular reconstruction (SCR), resulting in promising time-zero cadaveric and clinical outcomes. However, no studies have determined the in vivo biomechanical and histological processes after the biceps is transposed to a nonanatomic position.

Purpose:

To explore the in vivo biomechanical and histological processes of the rerouting biceps tendon to treat chronic irreparable rotator cuff tears (IRCTs) in a rabbit model.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 94 skeletally mature male rabbits were used to create a chronic IRCT model in the supraspinatus tendon. Then, the biceps rerouting procedures were performed in rabbits with chronic IRCT. Eighteen rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks postoperatively for biomechanical testing, micro—computed tomography scanning, and histological analysis. The biomechanical and histological changes of intra- and extra-articular portions of the rerouting biceps were evaluated at each time point, with the contralateral native superior capsule (NSC) and the native biceps (NB) as controls, respectively. The morphology and bone formation of the fabricated bicipital grooves were evaluated, with native grooves as controls.

Results:

The intra-articular rerouting biceps tendon was progressively remodeled over time, displaying denser fibers and more mature collagen than those of the NSC, with gradual improvements in the tendon-to-bone healing interface from 6 to 12 weeks. Consequently, the failure load and stiffness of the intra-articular rerouting biceps portion increased with time and were significantly higher than those of the NSC from 9 weeks. Similarly, the extra-articular portion of the rerouting biceps progressively healed into a new bicipital groove, as demonstrated by a smaller tendon-to-bone interface from 6 to 12 weeks, resulting in greater failure load and stiffness at 9 and 12 weeks than those of the NB attachment. The newly fabricated bicipital groove showed similar morphology to that of the native groove with sufficient trabecular bone formed underneath.

Conclusion:

The rerouting biceps could progressively remodel and heal into the newly fabricated bicipital groove over time, resulting in greater biomechanical performances in intra- and extra-articular portions than the NSC and the NB attachment.

Clinical Relevance:

The biceps rerouting technique may be a feasible procedure to perform in situ SCR to treat IRCT in the future clinical practice; however, more clinical evidence is required.
Outcomes of Arthroscopic Latarjet Procedure for Anterior Glenohumeral Instability in Patients With Epilepsy: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Dzidzishvili Lika , Calvo Claudio , Valencia María , Calvo Emilio
Published: January 2022

Background:

Unacceptably high rates of redislocation, reoperation, osteoarthritis, and coracoid nonunion have been reported in patients with a seizure disorder after surgery for shoulder instabilitiy.

Purpose:

To evaluate the objective and subjective functional and radiologic results of the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability in patients with epilepsy and compare them with the results of patients without epilepsy.

Study design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective and comparative case-control analysis of patients operated for shoulder instability with arthroscopic Latarjet was conducted. Nineteen patients (21 unstable shoulders) with a seizure disorder (epilepsy group) were matched with 21 patients without a history of seizure (control group). Demographics, surgical indications, and imaging data were collected. Clinical outcomes at a minimum 2 years of follow-up (range, 2-9 years) postoperatively included Rowe score, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), Constant-Murley Shoulder Outcome (CMSO) score, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE). The incidence of complications, recurrent instability, redislocation, revision surgery, repeated seizure(s), and presence of osteoarthritis, coracoid nonunion, and osteolysis were also examined.

Results:

After a mean follow-up of 4.5 years, no significant differences in functional results were found between patients with and without epilepsy on the average Rowe ( P = .917), WOSI ( P = .621), CMSO ( P = .600), and SANE ( P = .859) scores. A total of 5 patients (7 shoulders) continued to have seizures postoperatively, but no seizure-related glenohumeral instability was documented. One dislocation and 1 subluxation were documented while participating in sports in each study group, comprising a recurrence rate of 9.5%, but no significant differences were found at comparison ( P = .605). A bone defect did not influence the results, as no significant difference was found between the 2 groups. Osteoarthritic changes of the glenohumeral joint were observed in 5 shoulders (23.8%) in the epilepsy group and in 3 (14.3%) in the control group ( P = .451). No case of coracoid nonunion or osteolysis was recorded. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative athletic activity ( P = .660). However, patients with epilepsy had significantly lower pre- and postoperative sports participation ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic Latarjet stabilization can lead to improved functional and subjective outcomes and should be considered in patients with epilepsy with recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. These results can be achieved regardless of the presence of bone defect and the postoperative control of seizures and are similar to those in patients without epilepsy.
Does Augmented Reality Also Augment Knowledge Acquisition? Augmented Reality Compared to Reading in Learning About the Human Digestive System?
Authors: Zumbach Joerg , von Kotzebue Lena , Pirklbauer Constanze
Published: January 2022

Augmented Reality (AR) has become an emerging educational technology in classroom practice and science education. While most research and contemporary meta-analyses reveal benefits with regard to knowledge acquisition and motivation of Augmented Reality–based learning environments, most of the studies lack a clear and fair control condition. In this research, we compared an AR-based learning environment with a paper-based learning environment for self-directed learning about the human digestive system. In an experiment, we examined the effects of these two conditions for knowledge acquisition, cognitive load, and experience of flow and immersion. Results reveal significantly higher outcomes in favor of the text-based instruction with regard to conceptual domain knowledge and mental representation of the human digestive system and its involved organs. Positive effects of the AR learning environment are limited to a higher experience of immersion.
Practice variations in antibiotic administration for the management of peritonitis in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Ling Chau Wei , Sud Kamal , Van Connie , Peterson Gregory M , Patel Rahul P , Zaidi Syed Tabish Razi , Castelino Ronald L
Published: January 2022

In the absence of guidelines on the management of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis in patients on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD), variations in clinical practice potentially exist between PD units that could affect clinical outcomes. This study aimed to document the current practices of treating PD-associated peritonitis in patients on APD across Australia and New Zealand and the reasons for practice variations using a cross-sectional online survey. Of the 62 PD units, 34 medical leads (55%) responded to the survey. When treating APD-associated peritonitis, 21 units (62%) continued patients on APD and administered intraperitoneal (IP) antibiotics in manual daytime exchanges; of these, 17 (81%) considered allowing at least 6 h dwell time for adequate absorption of the IP antibiotics as an important reason for adding manual daytime exchange. Nine units (26%) temporarily switched patients from APD to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD); of these, five (55%) reported a lack of pharmacokinetic (PK) data for IP antibiotics in APD, four (44%) reported a shortage of APD-trained nursing staff to perform APD exchanges during hospitalisation and three (33%) reported inadequate time for absorption of IP antibiotics on APD as important reasons for their practice. Four units (12%) continued patients on APD and administered IP antibiotics during APD exchanges; of these, three (75%) believed that PK data available in CAPD could be extrapolated to APD. This study demonstrates wide variations in the management of APD-associated peritonitis in Australia and New Zealand; it points towards the lack of PK on antibiotics used to treat peritonitis as an important reason underpinning practice variations.
Navigating Professional and Personal Knowing Through Reflective Storytelling Amidst Covid-19
Authors: Graham Margaret M.
Published: January 2022

The paper offers space for dialogue illustrating reflection as lived, exploring both my personal and professional experiences of grief and loss surrounding the death of my Dad from Covid −19. In my role as a nurse educator, I share understandings of reflection in facilitating learning and person centered practices with students. I illustrate my approach with two stories generating a narrative giving testimony to those who have died and highlighting the ensuing grief for those who have cared for older people during the pandemic. The first reflective story has been shared with students and snapshots of student responses during virtual sessions are incorporated. The second story shifts to a more personal focus reflecting personal knowing. Insights emerge bringing forth personal and professional knowing, about the art and science of holistic nursing. I explore the challenges in separating ourselves from personal knowledge and experience in reflective writing. I invite readers to take time to pause amidst a global healthcare pandemic to consider the potential of reflection to support nurses in recovering from suffering experienced during a pandemic.
Multi-objective optimization of alloying elements to enhance the wear resistance and impact strength of HCCI produced by furan sand mold
Authors: Dhayaneethi S , Anburaj J , Arivazhagan S
Published: January 2022

High Chromium White Cast Iron (HCWCI) plays a major role in manufacturing of wear-resistant components. Due to unique wear resistance property, attribution to the additions of carbide forming elements, they have been used for mill liner applications. By varying the wt% of alloying elements such as Cr, Ti, and Mo, the wear resistance and impact strength of High Chromium Cast Iron (HCCI) can be increased. To enhance the wear resistance property according to Central Composite Design (CCD), 16 samples were fabricated by varying the wt% of alloying elements. To fabricate the samples, furan sand molds were prepared and used for the further casting process. The properties of Furan sand mold enhance the mechanical properties and reduce the mold rejection rate, production time, etc. To attain the optimum Wear Rate (WR) and Impact Strength (IS) value without dominance, optimization techniques such as Response Surface Methodological (RSM) and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) are employed to solve the multi-objective problem. The RSM and PSO predicted optimum solutions are compared by using the Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) ranking method. The WASPAS result revealed that when compared to the RSM result, the PSO predicted optimal wt% of chemical composition (22 wt % Cr, 3 wt % Ti, and 2.99 wt % Mo) gives the optimum WR value (53 mm3/min) and IS value (3.77 J). To validate the PSO result, experiments were carried out for the predicted wt% of alloying elements and tested. The difference between the PSO predicted result and experimental result is less than 5% error which clearly shows that PSO is an effective method to solve the multi-objective problem.
Toxicity assessment of gelsenicine and the search for effective antidotes
Authors: Li Yu-Juan , Yang Kun , Long Xue-Ming , Xiao Gang , Huang Si-Juan , Zeng Zi-Yue , Liu Zhao-Ying , Sun Zhi-Liang
Published: January 2022

Background

Gelsenicine, one of the most toxic alkaloids of Gelsemium elegans Benth ( G. elegans), causes severe respiratory depression. However, its toxicity mechanisms are yet to be elucidated and no effective antidotes are available.

Objective

This study aimed to analyse the toxicity characteristics of gelsenicine.

Methods

Both acute and sub-acute toxicities were evaluated. Gelsenicine distribution and elimination in the central nervous system (CNS) and blood were observed. Effective antidotes for gelsenicine poisoning were screened.

Results

In the acute toxicity study, gelsenicine was highly toxic, and female rats exhibited greater sensitivity to gelsenicine than male rats (LD50 0.520 mg/kg vs 0.996 mg/kg, respectively). Death was primarily caused by respiratory failure. However, in the sub-acute toxicity study, no significant organ damage was observed. Gelsenicine was easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and penetrated the blood–brain barrier, reaching peak concentrations in the CNS within 15 min and rapidly decreasing thereafter. Flumazenil or diazepam combined with epinephrine reversed gelsenicine toxicity and significantly improved survival rate in mice.

Conclusions

Gelsenicine is a highly toxic substance that affects nerve conduction without causing damage; the potential toxic mechanism is possibly associated with GABAA receptors. Our findings provide insights into the clinical treatment of gelsenicine -related poisoning and its toxicity mechanisms.
Fabrication, characterization, and optimization selection of ceramic particulate reinforced dental restorative composite materials
Authors: Yadav Ramkumar
Published: January 2022

The objective of the article is to explore the fabrication of dental restorative composite materials and the ranking order using the preference selection index (PSI) as a multi criteria decision making (MCDM) technique under a set of conflict performance defining criteria (PDCs). The polymer matrix of the dental restorative composite was prepared using bisphenol a-glycidyl methacrylate (55 wt.%), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (44 wt.%), camphorquinone (0.3 wt.%), and ethyl 4-(dimethylamino) benzoate (0.7 wt.%). Five different dental restorative composite material compositions were fabricated using hybrid nSiO2-TiO2 particulates with a variation of nSiO2 (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 wt.%) while TiO2 is constant (15 wt.%). The results revealed that an increasing trend has been found in compressive strength, flexural strength, Vickers hardness, etc., while a decreasing trend has been shown in depth of cure, polymerization shrinkage, degree of conversion etc. The performance analysis of five dental composite formulations via the PSI method shows the following ranking order: nS4 > nS6 > nS2 > nS0 > nS8. The obtained experimental results are associated with the ranking order of the different sets of dental composite formulations. Hence, the preference selection index approach is one of the best techniques among MCDM techniques for ranking under different PDCs.
The effect of disbond on the efficiency and durability of a composite patch repair in mode I and mixed mode considering different patch materials
Authors: Mohammadi Sirvan
Published: January 2022

In this paper, considering different parameters and various patch materials, the effect of disbond on the efficiency and durability of a composite patch repair is investigated in mode I and mixed-mode. One of the most important aspects of the composite patch repair is the bond strength. Repair patch disbond may occur at the patch edges or the crack site. At first, the effect of different parameters such as repair patch material and Young’s modulus and thickness of the adhesive on the efficiency and durability of the patch is investigated. Then, the effect of the disbond site on the stress intensity factor (patch efficiency) and adhesive stress (patch durability) is analyzed in both modes I and II. The results show that disbond at the crack site leads to a further reduction in patch efficiency compared to the patch edge disbond, but when separation occurs at the patch edge, the adhesive stress and the disbond growth rate are higher. Also, when 15% of the patch is separated in the crack site, for the longitudinal and transverse disbond modes, the mean KI is increased by 8 and 4%, respectively, compared to the state without disbond. Thus, the longitudinal disbond mode is more critical.
Is Federalism the Source of Ethnic Identity-Based Conflict in Ethiopia?
Authors: Bayu Takele Bekele
Published: January 2022

Though statehood nature traced back to ancient times, modern Ethiopia came into being in the second half of the nineteenth century under the military expansion of King Menelik II. Since then subsequent political systems in the country have failed to recognise and accommodate the country’s ethnolinguistic diversity. However, in 1991 the new government constitutionally recognised and institutionally accommodated the country’s diversity. While solving old problems of ethnic inequality and injustice, ethnic federalism has created new problems of ethnic tensions and conflict across Ethiopia. The article aims at investigating how and why ethnic federalism ended up being a source of ethnic conflicts in Ethiopia and suggests the way out. The article employed a qualitative research design and methods of data analysis and interpretation. The finding of the study shows the notion and implementation of federalism has to be blamed, which left unclear administration boundary, overlooked cross-cutting variables, Majority versus minority and Titular versus Settler problem, politicised ethnicity by transformed cultural communities into political communities, produced mega ethnic syndrome within the Ethiopian society, for the country’s ethnic troubles and conflicts. Reforming the federal system and its constitutions is the way forwarded to reduce ethnic tensions and create an inclusive society in Ethiopia.
Determinants of Health Service Utilization Among Adults at High Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes in Kerala, India
Authors: Hone Phoebe , Black Jim , Sathish Thirunavukkarasu , Kapoor Nitin , Cao Yingting , Haregu Tilahun , Thankappan Kavumpurathu R. , Oldenburg Brian
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of health service utilization in a population at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in India. Using Andersen’s behavioral model of healthcare utilization, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on baseline data of the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program. We examined the association between predisposing, enabling, and need factors with outpatient health service use in the past four weeks and inpatient health service use in the past 12 months. More than a quarter (27.9%) and 12.9% of 1007 participants used outpatient services and inpatient services, respectively. Men were less likely to use outpatient services (odds ratio [OR] = 0.56). Outpatient service utilization was positively associated with low social support (OR = 1.69), low general health status (OR = 5.71), and time off from work due to illness (OR = 8.01). Higher educational status (OR = 0.63), low general health status (OR = 3.59), and time off from work due to illness (OR = 1.21) were associated with increased utilization of inpatient services. Although gender, educational status, and social support had important roles, health service utilization in this study population was largely dependent on general health status and presence of illness.
Intelligent connected mobility 4.0: Regulatory concepts
Authors: Shevchenko Olga
Published: January 2022

The last decade reflects undeniable rapid growth in intelligent connected mobility in the European Union and internationally. Whereas automotive producers united forces to address the projected technical difficulties vis-à-vis the deployment of Intelligent Connected Vehicles through coordinated efforts and partnerships, academia is committed to clarifying fundamental new regulatory concepts to reveal potential and foreseeable legal inconsistencies in such technological development. The lack of a determination of the fundamental legal concepts or the vague and ambiguous determination of essential regulatory concepts creates overall legal uncertainty and is considered an obstacle to ensuring the smooth market penetration of Intelligent Connected Vehicles in the European Union. This article claims its contribution to existing literature by integrating further unambiguous and specific regulatory concepts in the context of the regulation of Intelligent Connected Vehicles. This article addresses: (i) the prerequisites for uniform Intelligent Connected Vehicles’ fundamental regulatory concepts based on complex retrospective analysis vis-à-vis road traffic accidents involving conventional vehicles and (ii) the prototype of regulatory concepts that need to be established and accurately distinguished for intelligent connected mobility 4.0, with the cross-border element at the European Union level.
Launching an Online Business Program at Scale: A Retrospective Case Study of Disruptive Innovation Before the Pandemic
Authors: Echambadi Raj , Saiyed Arshad , Scagnoli Norma I. , Viswanathan Madhu
Published: January 2022

How does an online graduate business program become the fastest growing program in a short span of 5 years, in a category that has been showing constant decline in the last decade? This article takes a retrospective look at the journey from conception to launch and early implementation of an innovative online program at a large public university about half a decade before the pandemic. Extant research about online learning focuses on educational strategies, the changing roles of faculty in a new environment, or students’ satisfaction and performance in online learning programs or courses. This article takes a broad-based view to discuss details on the strategy, design, and development of a disruptive online graduate program built for scale. Given the accelerated transition into remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, our journey also has important implications from the forward-looking approach of half a decade ago for how higher education should navigate the digital future.
Utility of Diffusion Modeling of Cogstate Brief Battery Test Performance in Detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Mulhauser Kyler , Giordani Bruno , Kavcic Voyko , May L. D. Nicolas , Bhaumik Arijit , Shair Sarah , Votruba Kristen
Published: January 2022

Cognitive testing data are essential to the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and computerized cognitive testing, such as the Cogstate Brief Battery, has proven helpful in efficiently identifying harbingers of dementia. This study provides a side-by-side comparison of traditional Cogstate outcomes and diffusion modeling of these outcomes in predicting MCI diagnosis. Participants included 257 older adults (160 = normal cognition; 97 = MCI). Results showed that both traditional Cogstate and diffusion modeling analyses predicted MCI diagnosis with acceptable accuracy. Cogstate measures of recognition learning and working memory accuracy and diffusion modeling variable of decision-making efficiency (drift rate) and nondecisional time were most predictive of MCI. While participants with normal cognition demonstrated a change in response caution (boundary separation) when transitioning tasks, participants with MCI did not evidence this change.
Stochastic model predictive control for driver assistance control of intelligent vehicles considering uncertain driving environment
Authors: Chen Yimin , Song Yunxuan , Shi Liru , Gao Jian
Published: January 2022

Advanced driver assistance control faces great challenges in cooperating with the nearby vehicles. The assistance controller of an intelligent vehicle has to provide control efforts properly to prevent possible collisions without interfering with the drivers. This paper proposes a novel driver assistance control method for intelligent ground vehicles to cooperate with the nearby vehicles, using the stochastic model predictive control algorithm. The assistance controller is designed to correct the drivers’ steering maneuvers when there is a risk of possible collisions, so that the drivers are not interfered. To enhance the cooperation between the vehicles, the nearby vehicle motion is predicted and included in the assistance controller design. The position uncertainties of the nearby vehicle are considered by the stochastic model predictive control approach via chance constraints. Simulation studies are conducted to validate the proposed control method. The results show that the assistance controller can help the drivers avoid possible collisions with the nearby vehicles and the driving safety can be guaranteed.
Daratumumab infusion reaction rates pre- and post-addition of montelukast to pre-medications
Authors: Coffman Kelsey , Carstens Coby , Fajardo Susan
Published: January 2022

Daratumumab, a CD38-directed monoclonal antibody indicated for multiple myeloma treatment in adult patients, is associated with a high incidence of infusion-related reactions (IRRs). Due to CD38 receptor presence in the lungs, many reactions present similarly to asthma or allergic rhinitis. Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, has been hypothesized to reduce daratumumab IRRs due to its efficacy in treating allergic rhinitis and asthma and the presence of leukotriene receptors in the lungs. Recently published data reported daratumumab can be safely administered via rapid rate protocol that reduces infusion time from 195 min to 90 min after completion of two doses. This retrospective, observational cohort study examined 73 patients who received daratumumab in the outpatient setting between December 2015 and April 2020. Patients were included if they were 18 years or older, had an International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10 diagnosis code for multiple myeloma, and received daratumumab intravenously. The primary outcome was a comparison of IRRs between those who did and did not receive montelukast. Secondary outcomes included IRR symptoms, rescue medications utilized for IRRs, and rapid rate administration outcomes. Montelukast use was associated with a lower rate of IRRs (44.4% vs. 65.2%, p = 0.044). Pulmonary IRR symptoms were more common in those who did not receive montelukast. Rapid rate administration of daratumumab did not lead to any IRRs. Adding montelukast as a pre-medication for daratumumab infusions led to a reduction in IRRs, and rapid rate administration was found to be safe after completion of two full doses of daratumumab.
Hydroxyurea- a cost effective treatment in developing countries for Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (aCML): Case Report of Two Patients
Authors: Hassan Zair , Iqbal Ayesha , Zahoor Saiqa , Ali Iftikhar , Iqbal Muhammad Mamoon , Bibi Rashida
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Atypical chronic myeloid leukaemia (aCML) is a rare chronic myeloproliferative disorder with a poor prognosis.

Case report

This case report presents two cases of male geriatric patients, both referred from primary care in rural areas and received at an urban clinic in a tertiary care hospital on separate instances. The first patient complained of low-grade fever (on/off), generalized body aches, rapid weight loss and shortness of breath for the last 2 months. The second patient arrived pale looking with symptoms of generalized body aches, dizziness and anorexia. Both patients were diagnosed to have aCML according to the World Health organization criteria.

Management & outcome

Both the patients were from a low economic bracket and were treated with Hydroxyurea a relatively economic medicine successfully. The follow-up lasted for 12 months in both cases. No progression to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or relapse was observed.

Discussion

This case report shows the promising results of Hydroxyurea in treating aCML and can be a cost effective alternate to other expensive treatments (allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) and expensive medicines in lower and middle-income countries especially for resource-limited patients. These two cases show promising evidence for further studies to evaluate and conduct pharmaco-economic evaluations as well as clinical trials to compare hydroxyurea with other available alternative treatments for an affordable therapeutic option towards prevention of relapse and disease free survival after aCML.