bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three‐Dimensional Printing of High‐Performance Moisture Power Generators
Authors: Huang Yaxin , Zhou Ke , Cheng Huhu , He Tiancheng , Wang Haiyan , Bai Jiaxin , Yang Ce , Guang Tianlei , Yao Houze , Li Fan , Hou Guangjin , Xu Zhiping , Qu Liangti
Published: September 2023

Water‐enabled electricity generation technologies that are highly accessible and fundamentally clean are promising for next‐generation green energy. However, the challenge of scalability in both material processing and device fabrication greatly limits their practical applications. A high‐performance polyelectrolyte moist‐electric generator (MEG), which can be directly 3D printed for massive production and efficient integration, is reported. The printed MEG (p‐MEG) generates a high open‐circuit voltage of 0.8 V and a short‐circuit‐current density of 0.12 mA cm−2 by actively harvesting moisture from humid conditions. The synergistic effects of moisture gradient, ionic concentration gradient, and ion diffusion gradient, which remarkably enhance the driving force to separate ion pairs and notably facilitate the directional ion transport, are responsible for the high power generation performance of p‐MEG, as further backed up by in situ ion dynamics investigations and molecular simulations. When connected in serial and parallel, hundreds of p‐MEGs can deliver a high voltage of more than 180 V and a current of more than 1 mA. A constructed “moisture‐powered cup lamp” that lights up for hours further demonstrates the practicability of p‐MEG. This work provides a feasible and scalable 3D printing approach for the next‐generation environment‐adaptive self‐powered system.
A Low‐Voltage, High‐Force Capacity Electroadhesive Clutch Based on Ionoelastomer Heterojunctions
Authors: Levine D. J. , Lee O. A. , Campbell G. M. , McBride M. K. , Kim H. J. , Turner K. T. , Hayward R. C. , Pikul J. H.
Published: September 2023

Electroadhesive devices with dielectric films can electrically program changes in stiffness and adhesion, but require hundreds of volts and are subject to failure by dielectric breakdown. Recent work on ionoelastomer heterojunctions has enabled reversible electroadhesion with low voltages, but these materials exhibit limited force capacities and high detachment forces. It is a grand challenge to engineer electroadhesives with large force capacities and programmable detachment at low voltages (<10 V). In this work, tough ionoelastomer/metal mesh composites with low surface energies are synthesized and surface roughness is controlled to realize sub‐ten‐volt clutches that are small, strong, and easily detachable. Models based on fracture and contact mechanics explain how clutch compliance and surface texture affect force capacity and contact area, which is validated over different geometries and voltages. These ionoelastomer clutches outperform the best existing electroadhesive clutches by fivefold in force capacity per unit area (102 N cm−2), with a 40‐fold reduction in operating voltage (± 7.5 V). Finally, the ability of the ionoelastomer clutches to resist bending moments in a finger wearable and as a reversible adhesive in an adjustable phone mount is demonstrated.
Defect‐Promoted Ni‐Based Layer Double Hydroxides with Enhanced Deprotonation Capability for Efficient Biomass Electrooxidation
Authors: Yang Yuwei , Lie William Hadinata , Unocic Raymond R , Yuwono Jodie A , Klingenhof Malte , Merzdorf Thomas , Buchheister Paul Wolfgang , Kroschel Matthias , Walker Anne , Gallington Leighanne C. , Thomsen Lars , Kumar Priyank V , Strasser Peter , Scott Jason A , Bedford Nicholas M
Published: September 2023

Ni‐based hydroxides are promising electrocatalysts for biomass oxidation reactions, supplanting the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to lower overpotentials while producing value‐added chemicals. The identification and subsequent engineering of their catalytically active sites are essential to facilitate these anodic reactions. Herein, the proportional relationship between catalysts’ deprotonation propensity and Faradic efficiency of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF)‐to‐2,5 furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA, FEFDCA) is revealed by thorough density functional theory (DFT) simulations and atomic‐scale characterizations, including in situ synchrotron diffraction and spectroscopy methods. The deprotonation capability of ultrathin layer‐double hydroxides (UT‐LDHs) is regulated by tuning the covalency of metal (M)‐oxygen (O) motifs through defect site engineering and selection of M3+ co‐chemistry. NiMn UT‐LDHs show an ultrahigh FEFDCA of 99% at 1.37 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and retain a high FEFDCA of 92.7% in the OER‐operating window at 1.52 V, about 2× that of NiFe UT‐LDHs (49.5%) at 1.52 V. Ni–O and Mn–O motifs function as dual active sites for HMF electrooxidation, where the continuous deprotonation of Mn–OH sites plays a dominant role in achieving high selectivity while suppressing OER at high potentials. The results showcase a universal concept of modulating competing anodic reactions in aqueous biomass electrolysis by electronically engineering the deprotonation behavior of metal hydroxides, anticipated to be translatable across various biomass substrates.
Multi‐Enzyme Co‐Expressed Nanomedicine for Anti‐Metastasis Tumor Therapy by Up‐Regulating Cellular Oxidative Stress and Depleting Cholesterol
Authors: Liu Yang , Niu Rui , Deng Ruiping , Wang Yinghui , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie
Published: September 2023

Tumor cells movement and migration are inseparable from the integrity of lipid rafts and the formation of lamellipodia, and lipid rafts are also a prerequisite for the formation of lamellipodia. Therefore, destroying the lipid rafts is an effective strategy to inhibit tumor metastasis. Herein, a multi‐enzyme co‐expressed nanomedicine: cholesterol oxidase (CHO) loaded Co─PN3 single‐atom nanozyme (Co─PN3 SA/CHO) that can up‐regulate cellular oxidative stress, disrupt the integrity of lipid rafts, and inhibit lamellipodia formation to induce anti‐metastasis tumor therapy, is developed. In this process, Co─PN3 SA can catalyze oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) via oxidase‐like and Fenton‐like properties. The doping of P atoms optimizes the adsorption process of the intermediate at the active site and enhances the ROS generation properties of nanomedicine. Meantime, O2 produced by catalase‐like catalysis can combine with excess cholesterol to generate more H2O2 under CHO catalysis, achieving enhanced oxidative damage to tumor cells. Most importantly, cholesterol depletion in tumor cells also disrupts the integrity of lipid rafts and inhibits the formation of lamellipodia, greatly inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. This strategy by up‐regulating cellular oxidative stress and depleting cellular cholesterol constructs a new idea for anti‐metastasis–oriented cancer therapy strategies.
Enhancing the Photocatalytic Activity by Tailoring an Anodic Aluminum Oxide Photonic Crystal to the Semiconductor Catalyst: At the Example of Iron Oxide
Authors: Hedrich Carina , Burson Anna R. , González‐García Silvia , Vega Víctor , Prida Victor M. , Santos Abel , Blick Robert H. , Zierold Robert
Published: September 2023

Photonic crystals (PhCs) are interesting structures for photocatalytic applications because of their capability of harnessing distinct forms of light–matter interactions within the PhCs. Of all these, overlapping one of the photonic stopband's (PSB) edge with the absorption of the PhC material or adsorbed molecules improves their excitation and generated charge carriers can subsequently induce photocatalytic reactions. The PSB position of anodic aluminum oxide PhCs (AAO‐PhCs) can be easily adjusted by modifying the anodization profile. Herein, AAO‐PhCs are designed to match the band gap of a model semiconductor enabling a general photocatalytic activity enhancement independent of the chemical to be decomposed. Fe2O3, as an example photocatalyst, is coated onto AAO‐PhCs to demonstrate efficient photocatalytic systems by utilizing the slow photon effect. Tailored Fe2O3‐AAO‐PhCs with their PSB edge at 564 nm matching the Fe2O3 band gap exhibit generally enhanced degradation of three different organic dyes while a significant activity decrease is observed when the PSB edge does not overlap with the Fe2O3 absorption. Furthermore, photocatalyst degradation can be reduced down to only 4% activity loss over six consecutive measurements by an ultra‐thin alumina coating.
All‐Optical Switching of Structural Color with a Fabry–Pérot Cavity
Authors: Abdelraouf Omar A. M. , Wang Xin Cai , Goh Ken Choon Hwa , Lim Nelson Chee Beng , Ng Siu Kit , Wang Wei De , Renshaw Wang Xiao , Wang Qi Jie , Liu Hong
Published: September 2023

Fine tuning the optical responses of thin‐film devices is highly attractive for emerging applications, such as optical memories, solar cells, nanophotonics, and photodetectors. Even though thin‐film technology is well established, dynamically switching the optical responses of thin films after fabrication remains challenging because of passive materials and device structures. This work demonstrates an approach for all‐optical switching of structural colors excited by a Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavity inside a metal–dielectric–metal (MDM) thin‐film stack. A low‐loss phase‐change material (PCM), that is, antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3), which is embedded in the stack, enables efficient FP cavity resonance in the visible spectrum. 1) Color reflectivity of >60%; 2) multistructural colors using a single MDM cavity; 3) a wide dynamic range of colors of up to ≈220 nm; and 4) a gamut coverage of more than 80% of standard RGB (sRGB) are achieved. The all‐optical switching is realized via the crystallization and reamorphization of Sb2S3using continuous‐wave and pulsed lasers, respectively. The findings provide a framework for the cost‐effective realization of dynamically responsive thin‐film‐based nanophotonic devices.
Nanoscale Oxygenous Heterogeneity in FePC Glass for Highly Efficient and Reusable Catalytic Performance
Authors: Chen Qi , Guo Lingyu , Di Haoxiang , Qi Zhigang , Wang Zhaoxuan , Song Ziqi , Zhang Laichang , Hu Lina , Wang Weimin
Published: September 2023

Metallic glass, with its unique disordered atomic structure and high density of low‐coordination sites, is regarded as the most competitive new catalyst for environmental catalysis. However, the efficiency and stability of metallic glass catalysts are often affected by their atomic configuration. Thus, the design and regulation of the nanoscale structure of metallic glasses to improve their catalytic efficiency and stability remains a challenge. Herein, a non‐noble component, Fe75P15C10 amorphous ribbon, is used as a precursor to fabricate a hierarchical gradient catalyst with nanoscale heterogeneous and oxygenous amorphous structure by simple annealing and acid‐immersing. The resulting catalyst offers an ultrahigh catalytic ability of kSA•C0 = 3101 mg m−2 min−1 and excellent reusability of 39 times without efficiency decay in dye wastewater degradation. Theoretical calculations indicate that the excellent catalytic performance of the catalyst can be attributed to its unique heterogeneous nanoglass structure, which induces oxygen atoms. Compared to the FePC structure, the FeP/FePCO structure exhibits strong charge transferability, and the energy barrier of the rate‐determining steps of the conversion of S2O82− to SO4−• is reduced from 2.52 to 0.97 eV. This study reveals that a heterogeneous nanoglass structure is a new strategy for obtaining high catalytic performance.
Synergistic mechanism of isolated Fe3+ and highly dispersed Ptδ+ over zeolite for boosting propane dehydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Xiaofang , Deng Huihui , Sun Qin , Li Baozhen , Zheng Wenchun , Ren Zhuangzhuang , Fang Xiangqing , Tan Li , Tang Yu , Wu Lizhi
Published: September 2023

Pt‐based catalysts have been widely investigated in propane dehydrogenation (PDH) owing to their high activity in CH activation, while it suffers from Pt sintering and coke deposition. We develop a transition metal Fe and zeolite support synergistic‐modified method to realize the highly dispersed and stable Pt species inside zeolite over Pt/Fe‐silicate‐1. And it shows the excellent PDH performance with propylene generation rate of 51.6 mol C3H6 gPt−1 h−1 and low deactivation rate constant kd of 0.017 h−1 as well as a high TOFPt of 37.6 s−1 at 550°C. The systematic characterizations reveal the isolated Fe3+ species could significantly improve Pt dispersity and regulate Pt electronic density to realize a more positive Ptδ+ species inside Silicalite‐1 pore. And the further in situ DRIFTS experiments demonstrate that the synergistic effect between the appropriate acidic Fe sites and the highly dispersed Ptδ+ species around Fe species are responsible for the superior PDH performance.
Bioinspired Spike‐Based Hippocampus and Posterior Parietal Cortex Models for Robot Navigation and Environment Pseudomapping
Authors: Casanueva-Morato Daniel , Ayuso-Martinez Alvaro , Dominguez-Morales Juan P. , Jimenez-Fernandez Angel , Jimenez-Moreno Gabriel , Perez-Peña Fernando
Published: September 2023

The brain has great capacity for computation and efficient resolution of complex problems, far surpassing modern computers. Neuromorphic engineering seeks to mimic the basic principles of the brain to develop systems capable of achieving such capabilities. In the neuromorphic field, navigation systems are of great interest due to their potential applicability to robotics, although these systems are still a challenge to be solved. This work proposes a spike‐based robotic navigation and environment pseudomapping system formed by a bioinspired hippocampal memory model connected to a posterior parietal cortex (PPC) model. The hippocampus is in charge of maintaining a representation of an environment state map, and the PPC is in charge of local decision‐making. This system is implemented on the SpiNNaker hardware platform using spiking neural networks. A set of real‐time experiments are applied to demonstrate the correct functioning of the system in virtual and physical environments on a robotic platform. The system is able to navigate through the environment to reach a goal position starting from an initial position, avoiding obstacles and mapping the environment. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first implementation of an environment pseudomapping system with dynamic learning based on a bioinspired hippocampal memory.
Tactile Recognition of Shape and Texture on the Same Substrate
Authors: Wen Lei , Nie Meng , Fan Jinwen , Chen Pengfan , Li Bowei , Chen Shuning , Xiong Yunwei , Zhang Qian , Yin Kuibo , Sun Litao
Published: September 2023

Due to the difficulties in designing sensor arrays with a wide detection range, high sensitivity, and the sensing ability to convert tangential force into normal force on the same substrate, the integration of shape and texture recognitions in one electronic skin (e‐skin) has not been realized so far. Herein, an e‐skin tactile‐sensing system is presented, based on resistive pressure‐sensing units (serving as Meissner corpuscles) unevenly distributed on a bionic hand‐shaped polyimide substrate, which can realize shape and texture recognitions concurrently. A multilayer microporous structure with different pores is designed and introduced into the sensor, which enables each sensing unit ultrahigh sensitivity and a wide detection range. Meanwhile, a customized micro‐pyramid array is developed and assembled to the sensor array, which realizes the transformation from tangential force to normal force. With the help of artificial intelligence technology, the recognition accuracy reaches 100% for 8 different shapes, and 99.7% for 10 different textures, respectively. The proposed design strategy enables compatible fabrication, simple signal processing, and convenient extension of bionic free‐shaped e‐skin, which paves a promising way for the popularization of e‐skin in large‐scale intelligent wearable fields.
Healthy fitness zone prevalence and age‐specific fitness profile of young people in seven European countries in 2022: The EUFITMOS project
Authors: Marques Adilson , Demetriou Yolanda , Popovic Stevo , Gardasevic Jovan , Masanovic Bojan , Martins João , Gouveia Élvio R. , Tsiatsos Thrasyvoulos , Douka Stella , Jarani Juel , Peralta Miguel
Published: September 2023

Background

Physical fitness is a health marker in youth and is associated with current and future health.

Objective

Present the healthy fitness zone (HFZ) prevalence and age‐specific fitness profile of young people from seven European countries.

Methods

This study used data from the European Fitness Monitoring System project. The sample comprised 4965 (51.4% boys) youths aged 9 to 18 years. Fitness data were collected by physical education teachers using field‐based tests. Raw data from the fitness tests were used to calculate the prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of participants in the HFZ.

Results

The overall prevalence of boys and girls in the HFZ for all tests was 16.6% (95% CI = 14.7, 18.1) and 14.9% (95% CI = 13.2, 16.6), respectively. Boys have a mainly positive HFZ profiles, except for the 9‐year‐olds in the sit and reach (z‐score difference = −1.20) and the 20 m run for boys 13–18‐year‐olds (z‐score difference range: −0.09 to −0.01). Girls have worse HFZ profiles than boys, being out of the HFZ in several tests. Furthermore, a decreasing trend in z‐score difference from the HFZ with age was observed in VO2 peak for boys and girls and sit and reach for girls. Notwithstanding, several country‐related, sex and age differences were observed.

Conclusions

Boys presented mostly healthy age‐specific fitness profiles in several fitness tests and ages. These differences should be considered when promoting youth's health through physical activity and fitness, as different fitness levels may require different approaches to implementing health‐enhancing physical activity policies.
In situ‐spektroskopische Detektion der weitreichenden Reorientierung von Transmembranhelices während der Öffnung des Influenza A M2‐Kanals**
Authors: Paschke Ronja Rabea , Mohr Swantje , Lange Sascha , Lange Adam , Kozuch Jacek
Published: September 2023

Viroporine sind kleine Ionenkanäle in Membranen umhüllter Viren, die Schlüsselrollen in viralen Lebenszyklen spielen. Um Viroporine als Wirkstoffziele zur Bekämpfung von Virusinfektionen nutzen zu können, bedarf es eines umfassenden Verständnisses ihrer Funktionsweise. Hierfür sind wiederum Methoden notwendig, die ihre Untersuchung unter in situ‐Bedingungen ermöglichen. In dieser Arbeit nutzen wir die oberflächenverstärkte Infrarotabsorptionsspektroskopie (SEIRA, engl. surface‐enhanced infrared absorption), um den Mechanismus der Viroporinfunktion von Influenza A M2 in einer trägergestützten Membran zu untersuchen. M2 ist ein Paradebeispiel pH‐aktivierter Protonenkanäle, das den Protonenfluss in das Virusinnere während einer Virusinfektion kontrolliert. Mit Hilfe von SEIRA verfolgen wir die weitreichende Reorientierung der transmembranen α‐Helices von M2 in situ während der pH‐aktivierten Kanalöffnung. Wir quantifizieren dieses Ereignis als eine helikale Neigung von 26° zu 40° durch eine Korrelation der experimentellen Ergebnisse mit rechnergestützter Spektroskopie basierend auf Strukturen aus Festkörper‐Kernspinresonanzspektroskopie. Die mechanische Bewegung wird durch die Zugabe des Inhibitors Rimantadin verhindert, was somit einen direkten spektroskopischen Marker zum Testen der antiviralen Aktivität darstellt. Der hier vorgestellte Ansatz bietet somit ein spektroskopisches Werkzeug zur Quantifizierung großskaliger Strukturänderungen und zum Beobachten der Funktion und Inhibition einer wachsenden Zahl von Viroporinen aus pathogenen Viren.
Supramolecular Barrel‐Rosette Ion Channel Based on 3,5‐Diaminobenzoic Acid for Cation‐Anion Symport
Authors: Chattopadhayay Sandip , Ghosh Anupam , Kumar Mukhopadhyay Titas , Sharma Rashmi , Datta Ayan , Talukdar Pinaki
Published: September 2023

The structural tropology and functions of natural cation‐anion symporting channels have been continuously investigated due to their crucial role in regulating various physiological functions. To understand the physiological functions of the natural symporter channels, it is vital to develop small‐molecule‐based biomimicking systems that can provide mechanistic insights into the ion‐binding sites and the ion‐translocation pathways. Herein, we report a series of bis((R)‐(−)‐mandelic acid)‐linked 3,5‐diaminobenzoic acid based self‐assembled ion channels with distinctive ion transport ability. Ion transport experiment across the lipid bilayer membrane revealed that compound 1 b exhibits the highest transport activity among the series, and it has interesting selective co‐transporting functions, i.e., facilitates K+/ClO4− symport. Electrophysiology experiments confirmed the formation of supramolecular ion channels with an average diameter of 6.2±1 Å and single channel conductance of 57.3±1.9 pS. Selectivity studies of channel 1 b in a bilayer lipid membrane demonstrated a permeability ratio of
,
, and
indicating the higher selectivity of the channel towards KClO4 over KCl salt. A hexameric assembly of a trimeric rosette of 1 b was subjected to molecular dynamics simulations with different salts to understand the supramolecular channel formation and ion selectivity pattern.
Electrochemical Biosensor Arrays for Multiple Analyte Detection
Authors: Sen Debashis , Lazenby Robert A.
Published: September 2023

The simultaneous detection of multiple analytes using electrochemical biosensor arrays has demonstrated significant potential in various fields, including medical diagnostics. These platforms are designed to be low‐cost, easy to use, and offer fast detection of a range of molecules. This concept article discusses the components necessary to achieve multiplexing with electrochemical biosensor arrays. The various methods used to fabricate electrode arrays of different types are discussed. Furthermore, the methods for the selective immobilization of multiple different bioreceptors onto individual electrodes within the array, a crucial step essential for conferring specificity to the analytical processes, are presented with relevant examples. We have focused on enzymes, antibodies and aptamers as examples of bioreceptors that have been deployed in various multianalyte electrochemical detection platforms. Finally, we discuss the key challenges associated with their application for the analysis of real samples and provide a future outlook on possible strategies that can be used to overcome these challenges.
Novel quinazoline–chromene hybrids as anticancer agents: Synthesis, biological activity, molecular docking, dynamics and ADME studies
Authors: Tokalı Feyzi Sinan , Şenol Halil , Yetke Hande İpek , Hacıosmanoğlu‐Aldoğan Ebru
Published: September 2023

In this study, new quinazoline–chromene hybrid compounds were synthesized. The cytotoxic effects on cell viability of the hybrid compounds were tested against A549 human lung adenocarcinoma and BEAS‐2B healthy bronchial epithelial cell lines in vitro. In addition, the ability of the active compounds to inhibit cell migration was tested. Molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate the ligand–protein interactions, and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to determine the interactions and stability of ligand–protein complexes. In silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) studies were conducted to estimate the drug‐likeness of the compounds. Compounds 4 (IC50 = 51.2 µM) and 5 (IC50 = 44.2 µM) were found to be the most active agents against A549 cells. They are found to be more selective against A549 cells than the reference drug doxorubicin. They also have the ability to significantly inhibit cell migration. They have the best docking scores against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (−11.300 and −11.226 kcal/mol) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) (−10.987 and −11.247 kcal/mol), respectively. In MD simulations, compounds 4 and 5 have strong hydrogen bond interactions above 80% of simulation times and showed a low ligand root mean square deviation (RMSD) around 2 Å. According to the ADME analysis, compounds 4 and 5 exhibit excellent drug‐likeness and pharmacokinetic characteristics.
The link between North Atlantic tropical cyclones and ENSO in seasonal forecasts
Authors: Doane‐Solomon Robert , Befort Daniel J. , Camp Joanne , Hodges Kevin , Weisheimer Antje
Published: September 2023

This study assesses the ability of six European seasonal forecast models to simulate the observed teleconnection between ENSO and tropical cyclones (TCs) over the North Atlantic. While the models generally capture the basin‐wide observed link, its magnitude is overestimated in all forecast models compared to reanalysis. Furthermore, the ENSO‐TC relationship in the Caribbean is poorly simulated. It is shown that incorrect forecasting of wind shear appears to affect the representation of the teleconnection in some models, however it is not a completely sufficient explanation for the overestimation of the link.
Quality consistency evaluation of chemical composition and pharmacology of Shaoyao‐Gancao decoction dispensing granules and traditional decoction
Authors: Dong Fengyu , Xie Mengdi , Xu Manwen , Lu Lu , Miao Yan , Zhang Panpan , Li Xiaopeng , Gui Xinjing , Liu Ruixin
Published: September 2023

Dispensing granules of Chinese medicine (DGCM) have emerged as a more convenient alternative to traditional decoction (TD) of Chinese medicine, gaining popularity in recent years. However, the debate surrounding the consistency of DGCM compared to TD remains unresolved. In this study, three batches of Baishao and Gancao DGCM were obtained from manufacturers A, B, and C, and 15 batches of crude drugs were procured from hospital pharmacies for the preparation of dispensing granule decoction (DGD) and TD of Shaoyao‐Gancao decoction (SGD). The HPLC‐UV method was employed to determine the levels of gallic acid, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin, liquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, and isoliquiritigenin. The analgesic and antispasmodic effects were assessed using the hot plate and acetic acid writhing test in mice. To evaluate the consistency of chemical constituents and pharmacological effects between the two decoctions, the Criteria Importance Though Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method combined with chemometrics was employed. Grey relation analysis (GRA) was used to assess the comprehensive quality consistency of the two decoctions. The CRITIC results revealed certain differences in chemical constituents and pharmacological effects between the selected DGCM and TD. Notably, DGD‐A/C exhibited a significant difference from TD (p > 0.05), whereas DGD‐B demonstrated no significant difference from TD (p > 0.05). The GRA analysis demonstrated that the overall quality consistency between DGD‐B and TD was the highest among the three manufacturers. This study presents a method for evaluating the quality consistency of DGCM and TD of SGD, offering novel insights into the evaluation of consistency between DGCM and TD.
Three‐dimensional adipofascial and dermal structures involved in forehead crease formation
Authors: Takaya Kento , Sakamoto Yoshiaki , Noji Shinobu , Imanishi Nobuaki , Kishi Kazuo
Published: September 2023

Deeply etched forehead creases indicate aging. Various treatments such as filler injections, fat grafting, and facelift surgery are used to remove them. However, knowledge of the anatomical structures associated with subcutaneous tissue changes and the superficial musculoaponeurotic system is lacking, and there is no consensus about the appropriate treatment. We have investigated the subcutaneous structures involved in forehead creases; this will help to establish selection criteria for improved treatment. The forehead sections of five unfixed adult Asian cadavers were obtained. Tissues containing forehead creases were removed from the periosteum and were examined using gross observation, radiography, histology, and nano‐computed tomography. All methods revealed that the dermis in the skin crease area, namely the fold visible from the body surface, was bound to the frontalis muscle by a three‐dimensional fibrous structure between the fatty septa. This structure was dense near the skin folds and sparse and thin in other areas. In particular, it was tightly bound to the dermis immediately below the crease, with collagen fibers traversing toward the epidermis. In addition, there were fewer skin appendages near the crease than in the normal area, or they were absent altogether; the epidermis was thicker, and the dermal papillae were more developed. It is thought that the density and firmness of the fibrous fatty septal structures between the dermis‐frontalis muscle and the specific structures of the epidermis and dermis immediately below the crease account for the characteristic plastic forehead creases.
Barriers, facilitators, and recommendations for sexual orientation and gender identity data collection in community oncology practices
Authors: Mullins Megan A. , Reber Lisa , Washington Ariel , Stasenko Marina , Rankin Aaron , Friese Christopher R. , Cooley Mary E. , Hudson Matthew F. , Wallner Lauren P.
Published: September 2023

Background

Sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data collection in community oncology practices is critical to identify and address cancer inequities, but less than 20% of NCI Community Oncology Research Program (NCORP)‐affiliated practices regularly collect SOGI data despite widespread recommendations. We evaluated multilevel barriers and facilitators for SOGI data collection at NCORP practices.

Methods

We conducted 14 semi‐structured interviews at seven purposefully sampled NCORP oncology practices. We interviewed one clinician (oncologist, advanced practice provider) and one clinic staff member per practice. Thematic analysis informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was conducted to identify barriers and facilitators.

Results

Thematic saturation occurred after interviews at six practices and was confirmed with interviews at an additional practice. Participants highlighted multilevel barriers including low levels of understanding, information technology infrastructure, and perceived low relative priority. Not understanding the role of SOGI data in oncology care contributed to cis‐heteronormative culture. At the clinic level, this culture coincided with a lack of processes and policies for collecting SOGI from all patients. At the care team level, perceived irrelevance to oncology care was related to discomfort asking SOGI, fear of patient discomfort, and limited awareness of SOGI in electronic health records. Suggested solutions included: normalizing asking SOGI questions, giving patients privacy to complete SOGI, and clarifying clinical relevance.

Conclusions

SOGI data collection barriers stemmed from perceptions that SOGI disclosure does not influence care quality. Oncology teams may benefit from training on culturally sensitive SOGI collection, education on SOGI data relevance to oncology practices, and support for implementing SOGI data collection policies.
Cardiorespiratory fitness and BMI measured in youth and 5‐year mortality after site‐specific cancer diagnoses in men—A population‐based cohort study with register linkage
Authors: Onerup Aron , Mehlig Kirsten , Ekblom‐Bak Elin , Lissner Lauren , Börjesson Mats , Åberg Maria
Published: September 2023

Background

Our aim was to assess associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) in youth and 5‐year mortality after site‐specific cancer diagnoses in men.

Methods

Men with cancer from a population who underwent military conscription at ages 16–25 during 1968–2005 in Sweden were included. CRF was assessed as maximal aerobic workload on a cycle ergometer test and was classified as low, moderate, or high. BMI (kg/m2) was classified as underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5–24.9), overweight (25–29.9), or obesity (>30). Conscription data were linked with register data on cancer diagnosis and mortality. Analyses included CRF, BMI, date of diagnosis, and age, year, and center for conscription.

Results

A total of 84,621 cancer cases were included. Mean age at diagnosis was 52 years. Follow‐up data were available during a mean of 6.5 years. There were linear protective associations between CRF and mortality after any cancer diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] for high vs. low CRF 0.70), malignant skin cancer (HR 0.80), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (HR 0.78), and cancer in the lungs (HR 0.80), head and neck (HR 0.68), pancreas (HR 0.83), stomach (HR 0.78), liver (HR 0.84), rectum (HR 0.79), and bladder (HR 0.71). Overweight and/or obesity were associated with increased mortality after any cancer (HR for obesity vs. normal weight 1.89), malignant skin cancer (HR 2.03), Hodgkin lymphoma (HR 2.86) and cancer in the head and neck (HR 1.38), thyroid (HR 3.04), rectum (HR 1.53), kidney (HR 1.90), bladder (HR 2.10), and prostate (HR 2.44).

Conclusion

We report dose‐dependent associations between CRF and BMI in youth and mortality after site‐specific cancer diagnoses in men. The associations with mortality could be due to both cancer inhibition and an improved tolerance to withstand cancer treatment. These results strengthen the incentive for public health efforts aimed at establishing a high CRF and normal weight in youth.
Role of TLR4 signaling pathway in the mitigation of damaged lung by low‐dose gamma irradiation
Authors: Fahmy Hanan A. , Mohamed Marwa A. , Mekkawy Mai H. , Taha Eman F. S.
Published: September 2023

Organisms frequently suffer negative effects from large doses of ionizing radiation. However, radiation is not as hazardous at lower doses as was once believed. The current study aims to evaluate the possible radio‐adaptive effect induced by low‐dose radiation (LDR) in modulating high‐dose radiation (HDR) and N‐nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)‐induced lung injury in male albino rats. Sixty‐four male rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1 (control): normal rats; Group 2 (D): rats given NDEA in drinking water; Group 3 (DR): rats administered with NDEA then exposed to fractionated HDR; and Group 4 (DRL): rats administered with NDEA then exposed to LDR + HDR. In the next stage, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione reduced (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the lung tissues were measured. Furthermore, the enzyme‐linked immunoassay analysis technique was performed to assess the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase 4 (IRAK4), and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) expression levels. Histopathological and DNA fragmentation analyses in lung tissue, in addition to hematological and apoptosis analyses of the blood samples, were also conducted. Results demonstrated a significant increase in antioxidant defense and a reduction in MDA levels were observed in LDR‐treated animals compared to the D and DR groups. Additionally, exposure to LDR decreased TLR4, IRAK4, and MAPK levels, decreased apoptosis, and restored all the alterations in the histopathological, hematological parameters, and DNA fragmentation, indicating its protective effects on the lung when compared with untreated rats. Taken together, LDR shows protective action against the negative effects of subsequent HDR and NDEA. This impact may be attributable to the adaptive response induced by LDR, which decreases DNA damage in lung tissue and activates the antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti‐inflammatory systems in the affected animals, enabling them to withstand the following HDR exposure.
A Guanidine‐Supported π‐Complex of Germanium Amenable to Intramolecular C−C Cleavage in Arene and Ge Atom Transfer
Authors: Segizbayev Medet , Tho Nguyen Minh , Gusev Dmitry G. , Dmitrienko Anton , Pilkington Melanie , van der Est Art , Nikonov Georgii I.
Published: September 2023

The germylone dimNHCGe (dimNHC=diimino N‐heterocyclic carbene) reacts with azides N3R (R=SiMe3 or p‐tolyl) to furnish the first examples of germanium π‐complexes, i. e. guanidine‐ligated compounds (dimNHI−SiMe3)Ge (NHI=N‐heterocyclic imine, R=SiMe3) and (dimNHI−Tol)Ge (R=p‐tolyl). DFT calculations suggest that these species are formed by a Staudinger type replacement of dinitrogen in the azide by a nucleophilic germylone, leading to a transient carbene adduct of iminogermylidene. Heating a solution of compound (dimNHI−SiMe3)Ge to 70 °C results in extrusion of the iminogermylidene that further aggregates to produce the known [Me3SiNGe]4 tetramer, whereas the imidazolylidene fragment transforms into an unusual heptatriene species that can be considered as a product of carbene insertion into the C−C bond of a pendant Ar substituent at the imidazolylidene nitrogen of the dimNHC. Reaction of (dimNHI−SiMe3)Ge with tetrachloro‐o‐benzoquinone results in the net transfer of a germanium atom and formation of the free diimino‐guanidine ligand. This ligand also forms when (dimNHI−SiMe3)Ge is treated with azide N3(p−Tol), with the germanium product being [(p−Tol)NGe]n
Multigram Synthesis of Dimethyl Stellane‐1,5‐Dicarboxylate as a Key Precursor for ortho‐Benzene Mimics**
Authors: Smyrnov Oleh K. , Melnykov Kostiantyn P. , Rusanov Eduard B. , Suikov Sergey Yu. , Pashenko Olexandr E. , Fokin Andrey A. , Volochnyuk Dmytro M. , Ryabukhin Serhiy V.
Published: September 2023

Herein, we present previously unavailable C(sp3)‐rich polycyclic hydrocarbon scaffolds that have the potential to become valuable tools in medicinal chemistry and crop science as saturated bioisosteres of benzenoids. We have developed a scalable protocol (up to 50 g from a single synthetic run) for the synthesis of tricyclo[3.3.0.03,7]octane (bisnoradamantane or stellane) 1,5‐dicarboxylic acid derivatives. X‐ray crystallographic analysis of the stellane 1,5‐dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester has revealed that this scaffold is an optimal saturated isostere for ortho‐disubstituted benzene where substituents exhibit in‐plane topology. The synthetic protocol is based on the oxidative cyclization of dimethyl octahydropentalene‐2,5‐dicarboxylate (DMOD) through lithiation followed by I2 oxidation. The reaction outcome is determined by the stereochemistry of the substrate. While the endo,endo cis‐DMOD, exclusively gives the “unwanted” Claisen cyclization product, the exo,endo cis‐ and exo,exo cis‐ stereoisomers afford the desired stellane 1,5‐dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester quantitatively. DFT computations have revealed that the reaction proceeds via the dianion of dimethyl octahydropentalene‐2,5‐dicarboxylate, which undergoes SET oxidation by I2 to form a radical anion. The subsequent cyclization followed by a second SET oxidation gives the desired stellane derivative.
A robustly stabilizing fault‐tolerantMPC: A performance improvement‐based approach
Authors: Santos Rodrigo Ribeiro , Martins Márcio A. F. , Sotomayor Oscar A. Z.
Published: September 2023

In terms of model predictive control (MPC) performance degradation caused by operational faults, in this article, a robust MPC strategy with active fault tolerance properties is proposed. The proposed strategy incorporates a fault supervision layer into the structure of conventional cost‐contracting formulation‐based robust MPC for the online update of the nominal controller model in the event of faults. The robust MPC is based on multiplant uncertainty, while the supervisory layer consists of a bank of unknown input observers and a decision‐making algorithm. Simulation results in a nonlinear polymerization reactor subject to process faults demonstrate that the proposed approach offers superior performance compared to the conventional strategy.
Plant‐wide control for processes with recycle and narrow feasible sets
Authors: Obando Andres , Muñoz Diego A.
Published: September 2023

Recycling mass and energy is a feature in almost all plants and industries. It is reported as an inevitable characteristic in actual industries due to differences between the designed processes and implementation. When a process is set, engineers identify inefficiencies in the planned performance and utilize recycles to try to reduce this difference. However, although recycles help in improving a plant's overall performance compared with a serial arrangement, its effect on dynamic plant behaviour is seldom considered, and these changes begin to impact the features of processes like controllability and stability. Similarly, even though recycles affect the feasible region of individual equipment, its effect is not verified. Based on the aforementioned background, several studies have demonstrated that advanced control strategies allow for the improvement of the dynamic behaviour of complex plants. Different techniques, such as model‐based predictive control and plant‐wide control (PWC), also show that their implementation reduces the effects of recycles. However, there is no explicit methodology to design these controllers and address the impacts of recycles on dynamic behaviour and feasibility. Additionally, there is no tuning procedure to design controllers that optimize the dynamic performance of plants, including the control system. In this context, this work presents an analysis to characterize the effects of recycles on the dynamic behaviour of plants, including how they affect the feasible operating region. Based on the previous analysis, a control methodology is also proposed to design the PWC strategy, explicitly addressing the dynamical phenomena of recycles in processes.
Relationship Between Stress Modulated Metallicity and Plasmon in Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Zhang Na , Yang Zhiyuan , Zhang Zhongyuan , Wang Jingang
Published: September 2023

Nanoscale quantum plasmon is an important technology that restricts the application of optics, electricity, and graphene photoelectric devices. Establishing a structure–effect relationship between the structure of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) under stress regulation and the properties of plasmons is a key scientific issue for promoting the application of plasmons in micro‐nano photoelectric devices. In this study, zigzag graphene nanoribbon (Z‐GNR) and armchair graphene nanoribbon (A‐GNR) models of specific widths were constructed, and density functional theory (DFT) was used to study their lattice structure, energy band, absorption spectrum, and plasmon effects under different stresses. The results showed that the Z‐GNR band gap decreased with increasing stress, and the A‐GNR band gap changed periodically with increasing stress. The plasmon effects of the A‐GNRs and Z‐GNRs appeared in the visible region, whereas the absorption spectrum showed a redshift trend, indicating the range of the plasmon spectrum also underwent significant changes. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of graphene nanoribbons in the field of optoelectronics under strain‐engineering conditions.
Is ambidextrous learning a driver for SMEs' sustainable competitive advantage in the digital era? An empirical study of SMEs in Nanjing, China
Authors: Lyu Chaolin , Peng Can , Yang Xiaona , Liu Fengzhong
Published: September 2023

In the digital era, digital innovation (DI) has become the first choice for many enterprises to create sustainable competitive advantage (SCA). How to effectively realize DI has become the focus of enterprises. Since ambidextrous learning (AL) provides two paths of knowledge acquisition, it can provide sufficient knowledge for corporate DI. However, this is not an easy task for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) given the dilemma of relatively scarce resources. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate whether AL can be a driving force for SMEs to build a SCA in the digital era. Meanwhile, this study intends to analyze the roles of DI and digital culture (DC) in the above relationship. Research data were obtained from leaders of 289 knowledge‐intensive SMEs in Nanjing, China. Through theoretical analysis and empirical testing, this study has obtained some findings. First, AL can be more effective in enhancing SMEs' SCA than exploratory or exploitative learning. Second, DI mediates the relationship between AL and SCA. Finally, DC can reinforce the mediating role of DI between AL and SCA. These findings reveal the influence mechanism between AL and SMEs' SCA in the digital era. In addition, this study helps us better understand how DI and DC operate within the above mechanism. Meanwhile, this study provides decision support for SMEs to establish SCAs in the digital era.
Synthetic cannabinoids in hair—Prevalence of use in abstinence control programs for driver's license regranting in Germany
Authors: Kutzler Johannes , Polettini Aldo Eliano , Bleicher Sergej , Sauer Christoph , Schultis Wolfgang , Neukamm Merja A. , Auwärter Volker
Published: September 2023

Although the use, structural variety, and prevalence of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) have steadily increased on the drug market, they are rarely analyzed in abstinence control programs for driver's license regranting. The aim of this study was to determine the SC prevalence in these programs by analyzing hair samples collected between March 2020 and March 2021 from various regions in Germany, mainly Bavaria (40%). Specimens were analyzed quantitatively for drugs of abuse and qualitatively for 107 SCs. Hair samples were screened by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), and to search for unknown SC analogs, positive samples were additionally screened by liquid chromatography‐high resolution time of flight mass spectrometry (LC‐qTOF/MS). The analysis of 5097 hair samples resulted in 181 SC detections (3.6%), showing a wide range of 44 SCs, with up to 13 different compounds found in a single sample. The most prevalent compounds were 5F‐MDMB‐PICA and MDMB‐4en‐PINACA; furthermore, 10 new substances not initially covered by LC–MS/MS analysis were detected by LC‐qTOF/MS. The SC positivity rate was comparable to cocaine (5.4%) and amphetamine (2.6%). Only in 35 cases (0.7%), SC analysis was requested by the clients, highlighting the insufficient coverage of SC consumption in the studied collective. In summary, hair sample analysis proved to be a valuable tool to monitor the use of SCs. In order to keep pace with newly emerging SC analogs, an up‐to‐date analytical method is essential. Prospectively, SCs should be more routinely screened in hair analysis for abstinence control to avoid cannabis substitution by SCs.