bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La venta de señoríos eclesiásticos de Castilla y León en el siglo XVI
Authors: Faya Díaz M.ª Ángeles
Published: March 2019

Carlos V y Felipe II venderán señoríos de la Iglesia a lo largo del siglo XVI; será uno de los expedientes utilizados ante las dificultades financieras ocasionadas por su ambiciosa política exterior. El trabajo proporciona una evaluación cuantitativa de los señoríos eclesiásticos castellano-leoneses (650 lugares con unos 41.000 vasallos), así como un análisis del régimen señorial en esta zona geográfica. Podemos deducir de nuestra documentación la efectividad del poder señorial, del que los vasallos desean liberarse. Muchos pueblos de señorío aprovecharán esta coyuntura propicia para comprar al rey la jurisdicción. Por otro lado, las instituciones eclesiásticas argumentarán ante la Corona el perjuicio que les traería estas ventas. La oposición de la Iglesia explica que las ventas afectaran solamente al 40% de los vasallos eclesiásticos de Castilla-León y que no se agotasen las cantidades permitidas por las bulas papales, base legal de las enajenaciones. La venta de jurisdicciones será muy rentable para la Corona; la Iglesia, por el contrario, resultará dañada al igual que los pueblos redimidos, muchos de los cuales se endeudarán y tendrán que venderse a un señor.
Las Secretarías de los Consejos, las de Estado y del despacho y sus oficiales durante la primera mitad del siglo XVIII.
Authors: De Castro Concepción
Published: March 2019

Apenas se trata aquí de los antiguos Consejos de la Monarquía Hispánica ni de su supervivencia en el siglo XVIII; interesa más, en cambio, la nueva figura de los Secretarios de Estado y del Despacho, precedente de los ministros contemporáneos. Llama la atención, durante el largo reinado de Felipe V, la frecuencia con la que esos Secretarios llegaban al poder como culminación de una larga vida administrativa. De ahí que el artículo se centre en sus Secretarías u oficinas, así como en las de los Consejos tradicionales cuyo modelo van a seguir las nuevas instituciones; en la carrera de sus empleados u «oficiales» y en la procedencia social de los mismos; en la preparación profesional necesaria para acceder a tales plazas y en lo que podríamos llamar «familias administrativas» a que daba lugar el patronazgo; finalmente, en la paulatina politización de los Secretarios o ministros y la de sus oficiales a partir de la muerte de Carvajal y la caída de Ensenada. Por otro lado, se aportan algunos ejemplos de los conflictos surgidos al principio entre las antiguas instituciones y las nuevas. Resultaban inevitables a todos los niveles, dada la pérdida de poder de los Consejos bajo la dinastía de los Borbones y, con éllo, la disminución de sus Secretarías frente al auge de las nuevas del Despacho.
¿Conquista o restauración? La incorporación de Navarra a la monarquía española
Authors: Floristán Alfredo
Published: March 2019

La incorporación de Navarra a la Monarquía española se planteó inicialmente como resultado de una conquista. Sin embargo, ante la debilidad de los argumentos canónicos, acabó por imponerse otra explicación, más compleja y satisfactoria tanto para el rey como para el reino, en torno al concepto de «restauración». Estre proceso, entre 1512 y 1645, llevó a la definición de un estatus peculiar de este reino y de sus habitantes. Los navarros se integraron estrechamente en la Monarquía como «castellanos», pero conservando sus leyes e instituciones. Entre la unión «principal» y la unión «accesoria» cabían situaciones intermedias, que favorecían la integración supranacional sin anular los particularismos.
La industria española del cine y el impacto de la obligatoriedad del doblaje en 1941
Authors: Estivill Perez Josep
Published: March 2019

En 1941 la administración franquista obligó a doblar al español todas las películas habladas en lengua extranjera. Fue una decisión polémica y vista como negativa por los directores, productores, guionistas, etc. Los historiadores opinan que el doblaje abrió una terrible crisis en la industria cinematográfica española. Piensan que las autoridades tenian prejuicios xenófobos contra las lenguas extranjeras, pero un análisis profundo revela otras posibilidades como, por ejemplo, el proteccionismo económico.
El Almirante don Cristóbal Colón en la corte de los Reyes Católicos en 1497. Estancias en Valladolid, Burgos y Medina del Campo. El «memorial del oro que se ha vendido en Castilla»
Authors: Rumeu de Armas Antonio
Published: March 2019

El estudio aporta nuevos datos sobre el itinerario del Almirante en el reino de Castilla entre julio de 1496 y marzo de 1497, desde su llegada a Cádiz procedente del Nuevo Mundo hasta su encuentro con los Reyes Católicos en Burgos. Está basado en la información contenida en una manuscrito autógrafo de Colón, titulado «Memorial del oro gastado en Castilla», donde da cuenta de los gastos realizados durante este viaje, que se incorpora en apéndice.
El príncipe Juan de Trastámara, un exemplum vitae para Felipe II en su infancia y juventud
Authors: Sánchez-Molero José Luis Gonzalo
Published: March 2019

El origen de la castellanidad de Felipe II se puede vincular con un intenso proceso socializador, que buscaba la identificación del hijo del emperador Carlos con Castilla. El nacimiento del príncipe Felipe fue recibido en España como un acontecimiento de singular importancia histórica, política y social. Tras treinta años sin un príncipe natural heredero, Felipe fue comparado con su antecesor, el príncipe don Juan, hijo de los Reyes Católicos, muerto en 1497. Así, entre 1527 y 1548, la castellanización del futuro Felipe II se ejerció a través de modelos, arquetipos e imágenes sociales, ligados a la figura histórica del príncipe Juan. En Valencia, el nuevo príncipe fue bautizado por los clérigos como el príncipe Felipe Juan, y en 1535 su Corte se organizó de acuerdo con la etiqueta castellana, desarrollándose todas las actividades del joven príncipe Felipe bajo este costumbre hasta 1548, cuando la etiqueta de la Corte fue cambiada por la de Borgoña.
Nathan Mayer Rothschild & Sons de Londres y su archivo en la city de Londres
Authors: Roldán de Montaud Inés
Published: March 2019

Tras hacer unas consideraciones sobre el origen del interés en el Reino Unido por los archivos empresariales, este artículo ofrece una síntesis del contenido y la naturaleza de uno de los archivos bancarios más importantes: el Archivo Rothschild de Londres. Después de una breve historia de Nathan Mayer Rothschild Sons desde su fundación en 1798 hasta la actualidad, en la que se describen su organización, actividades financieras y el ámbito geográfico de los negocios de estos banqueros del XIX, se proporciona una idea sobre la naturaleza de la documentación que alberga el archivo, así como sobre la organización y contenido de sus series más importantes. Se presta particular atención a la vinculación de los Rosthschild con España y sus colonias por su mayor interés para el lector español. A lo largo de estas páginas, además, se pone a disposición del lector una bibliografía seleccionada y actualizada sobre la Banca Rothschild.
El concepto de sujeto en la teoría de la Historia en España
Authors: Chacón Delgado Pedro José
Published: March 2019

El objeto de este trabajo es el estudio de los diferentes conceptos de Hombre (entendido aquí como sujeto en la Teoría de la Historia) que se dieron en España durante el siglo XIX y que contribuyeron de modo decisivo a configurar la tipología de los historiadores del periodo. La Historia de la Historiografía forma parte de la Historia de la Cultura (caracterizada por lo que hoy se conoce como "el retorno del sujeto") y nos ofrece un depósito documental donde el relato de los hechos del pasado viene condicionado por las premisas teóricas y las circunstancias socio-históricas desde las que se elaboraron las obras de Historia en cada época.
La historia del siglo XIX desde la perspectiva moderada: reflexiones de Antonio Alcalá Galiano sobre España
Authors: Sánchez García Raquel
Published: March 2019

Antonio Alcalá Galiano (1789-1865), destacado intelectual del partido moderado, ofreció con sus escritos acerca de la historia de España y del pensamiento en Europa, una de las perspectivas conservadoras más lúcidas desde la que observar el pasado más próximo. Pero además, sus artículos, discursos y libros no sólo se ciñen al análisis político, sino que también muestran su preocupación por las cuestiones más puramente metodológicas. Entre éstas últimas, destacan la implicación del historiador en su trabajo, la utilización crítica de las fuentes o su concepción global de la historia como historia de la civilización. Por lo que respecta a los aspectos políticos de su análisis, Alcalá Galiano se interesó especialmente por los traumáticos años previos a la implantación del gobierno representativo en España, las manifestaciones de particularismo y los fenómenos revolucionarios.
Estrategias patrimoniales excluyentes. Un caso francés
Authors: Duroux Rose
Published: March 2019

Auvernia es una región de transmisión integral de la propiedad, es decir una tierra de familias troncales. Mi intención es mostrar cómo influye la emigración a España de los habitantes de alta Auvernia (departamento del Cantal) en la transmisión del patrimonio. En esta sociedad de familias troncales ¿cuál es el destino reservado a los «excluidos» de la sucesión? La emigración de que se trata es masculina, rural, colectiva, plurianual y alternativa: los emigrantes se van por turno de dos o tres años y vuelven a la finca a pasar un año aproximadamente. Este vaivén suscita redistribuciones cíclicas de poderes en cada familia. Nos damos cuenta de que unas de las respuestas dadas a la inestabilidad es instituir «heredera» a una de las hijas. En esta zona migratoria peculiar son las mujeres las que aportan la tierra: la tasa de herederas puede alcanzar el 60%, tasa sorprendente en la Francia rural donde sólo zonas vascas alcanzan tales proporciones. El segundón emigrante y célibe es el excluido por antonomasia.
Los límites de la acción social en la España del siglo XIX asistencia y salud pública en los orígenes del Estado Liberal
Authors: Grabuleda i Teixidor Carles
Published: March 2019

En este artículo se trata de explicar la forma en que fueron discutidas y aprobadas las primeras leyes sociales en la España del siglo XIX. Después de la Revolución Liberal, el sistema asistencial del Antiguo Régimen, basado en la caridad eclesiástica, llegó a su fin. Los nuevos gobernantes tuvieron que establecer un nuevo sistema, teniendo en cuenta no solamente los cambios sociales y políticos sino también los cambios económicos derivados de las revoluciones del momento. No había una única opción política para afrontar estos cambios. No solamente había discrepancias entre los dos partidos liberales sino incluso entre las diversas facciones de cada partido. Los debates parlamentarios que dieron lugar a las leyes de Beneficencia (1849) y de Sanidad (1855) son una buena muestra de la forma en que estas discusiones marcaron el espíritu del liberalismo español que entonces comenzaba a perfilarse.
La política liberal y el descubrimiento de una identidad distintiva de Cataluña (1835-1865)
Authors: Fradera Josep M.
Published: March 2019

Este artículo explora la interacción entre la política liberal y la emergencia de una identidad distintiva catalana a mediados del siglo XIX. En particular, analiza las complejas relaciones entre la noción generalizada del patriotismo español, inherente a diversas iniciativas liberales en Cataluña y la aparición de los rudimentos de un nuevo patriotismo provincial, que se expresaba de varias formas y tenía causas y raíces claramente identificables.
Los orígenes sociales del franquismo
Authors: Moreno Fonseret Roque , Sevillano Calero Francisco
Published: March 2019

El presente trabajo destaca la importancia del estudio de los apoyos sociales y de la representación simbólica de lo social en la dictadura franquista. Este enfoque permite interpretar el franquismo no sólo como el resultado de una «contrarrevolución» preventiva, puntualizándose el papel de la clase empresarial y el avance de la visión corporativa de la sociedad, sino también como la encarnación de una idea profundamente reaccionaria y tradicional de España que estuvo en el centro del universo simbólico de muchos españoles, trascendiendo divisiones sociales y territoriales. El análisis de los militantes y de los jefes locales de FET y de las JONS en la posguerra, así como de los componentes de las instituciones municipales en 1948, permite establecer unas conclusiones acerca de las bases sociales de la dictadura.
Presentación
Authors: Alvar Ezquerra Alfredo
Published: March 2019

No disponible
La biblioteca postrimera de Carlos V en España: Las lecturas del emperador
Authors: Sánchez-Molero José Luis Gonzalo
Published: March 2019

Este artículo aborda la reconstrucción de la biblioteca que el emperador Carlos V tuvo en España, tanto en el monasterio de Yuste como en el castillo de Simancas, donde él guardó parte de sus pertenencias. El autor localiza los libros del Emperador por medio de los inventarios de sus bienes y de la biblioteca de Felipe II, y los catálogos antiguos de la Real Biblioteca de El Escorial; e identifica algunos de los libros perdidos. Por último, el autor realiza un estudio de los perfiles dinástico, personal y religioso de Carlos V a través de sus lecturas.
Pratiques numériques en langues : de la verbalisation à l'analyse des préoccupations enseignantes
Authors: Burrows Alice , Miras Grégory
Published: March 2019

Les dernières réformes du statut des enseignants-chercheurs marquent une attention particulière pour la formation à la pédagogie universitaire des (futurs) enseignants(-chercheurs). La mise en place de telles mesures accompagne les transformations structuro-pédagogiques de l'université (massification de l'enseignement, introduction du numérique) et témoigne de la prise en compte des transformations de la société (Miras & Narcy-Combes, 2019). Au demeurant, ces transformations provoquent des préoccupations chez les enseignants (Duclos, 2015) et il convient alors de s'interroger sur le rôle et les effets des dispositifs d'accompagnement au changement.Cette étude s'appuiera sur la mise en place du Pôle d'élaboration de ressources linguistiques de l'université Sorbonne Paris Cité afin de déterminer son impact sur le processus de conception pédagogique des 13 concepteurs recrutés. Des entretiens, menés à deux moments du projet, permettront de faire émerger des points centraux quand il s'agit d'accompagner des individus dans la transformation de leurs routines professionnelles. Nous verrons notamment qu'une approche idiosyncrasique, dans l'évolution des représentations enseignantes, est déterminante pour montrer qu'il n'y a pas de "résistances au changement" mais des préoccupations qui émergent d'individus face à un contexte socio-éducatif et institutionnel en mouvement.
An Efficient Adaptive Algorithm for Electron Microscopic Image Enhancement and Feature Extraction
Authors: Arya Vivek , Sharma Vipul , Arya Garima
Published: March 2019

In this article, a block-based adaptive contrast enhancement algorithm has been proposed, which uses a modified sigmoid function for the enhancement and features extraction of electron microscopic images. The algorithm is based on a modified sigmoid function that adapts according to the input microscopic image statistics. For feature extraction, the contrast of the image is very important and authentic property by which this article enhances the visual quality of the image. In this work, for better contrast enhancement of image, a block based on input value, combined with a modified sigmoid function that is used as contrast enhancer provides better EMF values for a smaller block size. It provides localized contrast enhancement effects adaptively which is not possible using other existing techniques. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique gives better results compared to other existing techniques when applied to electron microscopic images. After the enhancement of microscopic images of actinomycetes, various important features are shown, like coil or spiral, long filament, spore and rod shape structures. The proposed algorithm works efficiently for different dark and bright microscopic images.
Evolutionary Image Thresholding for Image Segmentation
Authors: Phanindra Kumar N.S.R.  , Prasad Reddy P.V.G.D.
Published: March 2019

Image segmentation is a method of segregating the image into required segments/regions. Image thresholding being a simple and effective technique, mostly used for image segmentation, these thresholds are optimized by optimization techniques by maximizing the Tsallis entropy. However, as the two level thresholding extends to multi-level thresholding, the computational complexity of the algorithm is further increased. So there is need of evolutionary and swarm optimization techniques. In this article, first time optimal thresholds are obtained by maximizing the Tsallis entropy by using novel hybrid bacteria foraging optimization technique and particle swam optimization (hBFOA-PSO). The proposed hBFOA-PSO algorithm performance in segmenting the image is tested using natural and standard images. Experiments show that the proposed hBFOA-PSO is better than particle swarm optimization (PSO), the cuckoo search (CS) and the adaptive Cuckoo Search (ACS).
VEGF, VEGF165b and EG-VEGF expression is specifically related with hormone profile in pituitary adenomas
Authors: Corlan Ana Silvia , Cîmpean Anca Maria , Melnic Eugen , Raica Marius , Sarb Simona
Published: March 2019

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its inhibitory splice variant, VEGF165b and Endocrine Gland derived VEGF (EG-VEGF) have a controversial role in pituitary gland. We aim to study VEGF, VEGF165b and EG-VEGF expression in pituitary adenomas. A significant correlation was found between growth hormone (GH) and VEGF secretion (P=0.024). For prolactinomas, VEGF and prolactin expression, had a P-value of 0.02 for Kendall coefficient and a P-value of 0.043 for the Spearman coefficient. VEGF-mRNA amplification was detected in both tumor cells and folliculostellate cells. VEGF165b was positive in 16.66% of pituitary adenomas. EG-VEGF was significantly correlated with prolactin (P=0.025) and luteinizing hormone (P=0.028). Our data strongly support VEGF, VEGF165b and EG-VEGF as important players of pituitary adenomas tumorigenesis. Particular hormonal milieu heterogeneity, special vascular network with an unusual reactivity to tumor growth correlated with variability of VEGF, VEGF165b and EG-VEGF secretion may stratify pituitary adenomas in several molecular groups with a direct impact on therapy and prognosis.
Group representations in the homology of 3-manifolds
Authors: Bartel Alex , Page Aurel
Published: March 2019

If

M

is a manifold with an action of a group

G

, then the homology group

H_1(M,\mathbb Q)

is naturally a

\mathbb Q[G]

-module, where

\mathbb Q[G]

denotes the rational group ring. We prove that for every finite group

G

, and for every

\mathbb Q[G]

-module

W

, there exists a closed hyperbolic 3-manifold

M

with a free

G

-action such that the

\mathbb Q[G]

-module

H_1(M,\mathbb Q)

is isomorphic to

W

. We give an application to spectral geometry: for every finite set

\mathcal P

of prime numbers, there exist hyperbolic 3-manifolds

N

and

N'

that are strongly isospectral such that for all

p \in \mathcal P

, the

p

-power torsion subgroups of

H_1(N,\mathbb Z)

and of

H_1(N',\mathbb Z)

have different orders. The main geometric techniques are Dehn surgery and, for the spectral application, the Cheeger–Müller formula, but we also make use of tools from different branches of algebra, most notably of regulator constants, a representation theoretic tool that was originally developed in the context of elliptic curves.
The zero norm subspace of bounded cohomology of acylindrically hyperbolic groups
Authors: Franceschini Federico , Frigerio Roberto , Pozzetti Maria Beatrice , Sisto Alessandro
Published: March 2019

We construct combinatorial volume forms of hyperbolic three manifolds fibering over the circle. These forms define non-trivial classes in bounded cohomology. After introducing a new seminorm on exact bounded cohomology, we use these combinatorial classes to show that, in degree 3, the zero norm subspace of the bounded cohomology of an acylindrically hyperbolic group is infinite dimensional. In an appendix we use the same techniques to give a cohomological proof of a lower bound, originally due to Brock, on the volume of the mapping torus of a cobounded pseudo-Anosov homeomorphism of a closed surface in terms of its Teichmüller translation distance.
A Poincaré–Bendixson theorem for translation lines and applications to prime ends
Authors: Koropecki Andres , Passeggi Alejandro
Published: March 2019

For an orientation-preserving homeomorphism of the sphere, we prove that if a translation line does not accumulate in a fixed point, then it necessarily spirals towards a topological attractor. This is in analogy with the description of flow lines given by Poincaré–Bendixson theorem. We then apply this result to the study of invariant continua without fixed points, in particular to circloids and boundaries of simply connected open sets. Among the applications, we show that if the prime ends rotation number of such an open set

U

vanishes, then either there is a fixed point in the boundary, or the boundary of

U

is contained in the basin of a finite family of topological “rotational” attractors. This description strongly improves a previous result by Cartwright and Littlewood, by passing from the prime ends compactification to the ambient space. Moreover, the dynamics in a neighborhood of the boundary is semiconjugate to a very simple model dynamics on a planar graph. Other applications involve the decomposability of invariant continua, and realization of rotation numbers by periodic points on circloids.
Locally compact groups acting on trees, the type I conjecture and non-amenable von Neumann algebras
Authors: Houdayer Cyril , Raum Sven
Published: March 2019

We address the problem to characterise closed type I subgroups of the automorphism group of a tree. Even in the well-studied case of Burger–Mozes’ universal groups, non-type I criteria were unknown. We prove that a huge class of groups acting properly on trees are not of type I. In the case of Burger–Mozes groups, this yields a complete classification of type I groups among them. Our key novelty is the use of von Neumann algebraic techniques to prove the stronger statement that the group von Neumann algebra of the groups under consideration is non-amenable.
Structure theory of metric measure spaces with lower Ricci curvature bounds
Authors: Mondino Andrea , Naber Aaron
Published: March 2019

We prove that a metric measure space

(X, \sf d, \mathfrak m)

satisfying finite dimensional lower Ricci curvature bounds and whose Sobolev space

W^{1,2}

is Hilbert is
rectifiable
. That is, a

\sf {RCD}^*(K,N)

-space is rectifiable, and in particular for

\mathfrak m

-a.e. point the tangent cone is unique and euclidean of dimension at most

N

. The proof is based on a maximal function argument combined with an original Almost Splitting Theorem via estimates on the gradient of the excess. We also show a sharp integral Abresh–Gromoll type inequality on the excess function and an Abresh–Gromoll-type inequality on the gradient of the excess. The argument is new even in the smooth setting.
Effet d’un traitement électrocinétique sur la structure d’une kaolinite mélangée au carbonate
Authors: Ben Hassine Abdelkader , Ben Salah Manel , Souli Hanène , Trabelsi-Ayadi Malika , Dubujet Philippe
Published: March 2019

The aim of this work is to study the structure evolution of kaolinite + carbonate mixture after an electrokinetic treatment. The aim is to understand how an electrokinetic treatment can change the mechanical properties of the samples. The X-rays diffraction analysis show that the orientation of the particles and their size depend on the composition of the samples and to the presence of lead. The mercury intrusion tests show that the porosity vary slightly after the electrokinetic treatment.

Le but de ce travail est d’étudier l’évolution de la structure de mélange de kaolinite + carbonate après un traitement électrocinétique. Le but étant d’appréhender les éventuelles variations des propriétés mécaniques des sols après l’électrocinétique. La diffraction des rayons X montre que l’orientation des particules et leur taille dépend de la composition du sol et de la présence du plomb. La porosimétrie au mercure a montré une faible variation de la porosité.
Aspects juridiques du recyclage foncier des sols pollués
Authors: Billet Philippe
Published: March 2019

Recycling polluted sites and soils following their rehabilitation is an option that saves soil and eliminates health and safety risks. However, it requires to clearly identifying who can be considered responsible for the clean-up necessary for this recycling (the author of the pollution, the land owner, the local community, a third party), defining the level of the clean-up for future use or a restoration to an "initial" state and including these functional into urban planning.

Le recyclage des sites et sols pollués à la suite de leur réhabilitation est une option qui permet d’économiser des sols et de supprimer des risques d’atteintes à la santé et à la sécurité. Il impose cependant de bien identifier qui peut être considéré comme responsable de la dépollution nécessaire à ce recyclage (l’auteur de la pollution, le propriétaire du terrain, la collectivité locale, un tiers), de définir le niveau de la dépollution en fonction de critères liés à un usage futur ou de « simple » remise dans un état « initial » sans préoccupation d’usage et d’intégrer ces revalorisations fonctionnelles dans la planification urbaine.
Longitudinal Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance in Fecal Escherichia coli in Tanzanian Children
Authors: Fleece Molly E. , Nshama Rosemary , Walongo Thomas , Kimathi Caroline , Gratz Jean , Rogawski McQuade Elizabeth T. , Liu Jie , Pholwat Suporn , Mduma Esto , Houpt Eric R. , Platts-Mills James A.
Published: March 2019

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are a major public health problem, and children in low-resource settings represent a particularly high-risk group. Few data are available on the dynamics of and risk factors for gastrointestinal carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in these vulnerable populations. In this study, we described the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from stool specimens collected from children aged 6 to 60 months enrolled in a birth cohort study in Haydom, Tanzania. We estimated the association between sociodemographic risk factors, child illnesses, and antibiotic exposure and E. coli drug resistance. Carriage of antibiotic-resistant E. coli was common starting early in life and did not clearly increase with age. The majority of isolates were resistant to ampicillin (749/837; 89.5%), cefazolin (742/837; 88.6%), and cotrimoxazole (721/837; 86.1%). Resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate (361/836; 43.2%), ampicillin/sulbactam (178/819; 21.7%), nalidixic acid (131/831; 15.8%), and azithromycin (115/837; 13.7%) was also seen. Only 1.8% (15/837) of the pooled E. coli isolates met the criteria for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production. High antibiotic use (0.26 additional resistant antibiotic classes; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.47) and high income (0.28 additional resistant antibiotic classes; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.50) were associated with the carriage of antibiotic-resistant E. coli, whereas hospital birth, crowding in the home, improved drinking water and sanitation, and common childhood illnesses were not. In this setting, the carriage of antibiotic-resistant E. coli was common. Other than recent antibiotic exposure and high income, individual risk factors for the acquisition and carriage of resistance could not be identified, suggesting that population-level interventions are needed.
Tailored Activities to Reduce Neuropsychiatric Behaviors in Persons With Dementia: Case Report
Authors: Marx Katherine A. , Scott Janie B. , Piersol Catherine Verrier , Gitlin Laura N.
Published: March 2019

Importance: Neuropsychiatric behaviors of persons with dementia, including agitation, aggression, and rejection of care, are almost universal; occur throughout the disease process; and have negative consequences for both persons with dementia and their caregivers. Nonpharmacological approaches are now recognized as first-line treatment to address these behaviors. One promising approach is activity tailored to the person’s interests, abilities, and physical and social environment. An evidence-based program, New Ways for Better Days: Tailoring Activities for Persons With Dementia and Their Caregivers (TAP), draws on occupational therapy principles (person–environment–occupation fit, activity analysis) to meaningfully engage persons with dementia.

Objective: This case report describes the TAP protocol and clinical reasoning processes underlying use of tailored activities as a therapeutic modality to address dementia-related neuropsychiatric behaviors.

Design: This is a case study of an African-American woman in her 60s caring for her father, age 92, who has severe dementia and multiple behaviors.

Outcomes and Measures: Primary outcomes in this case report include the person with dementia’s engagement in an activity and the reported neuropsychiatric behaviors. In addition, the caregiver’s confidence in using activities is reported. These and other measures from the TAP protocol are described in full.

Results: After working with an occupational therapist for eight sessions, the person with dementia’s engagement in activity increased by 50% and his frequency of vocal disturbance decreased, and the caregiver felt more confident in using activities with her father.

Conclusion and Relevance: This case report illustrates how occupational therapists working with families of persons with dementia can use the TAP protocol to help them manage neuropsychiatric behaviors by tailoring activities.

What This Article Adds: Occupational therapists are uniquely qualified to systematically assess the cognitive functioning of persons with dementia, caregivers, and home environments and to integrate this information to derive and implement activities tailored to the person’s capacities and context, thereby reducing neuropsychiatric behaviors and increasing engagement in meaningful activity.
Unraveling the role of silicon in atmospheric aerosol secondary formation: a new conservative tracer for aerosol chemistry
Authors: Lu Dawei , Tan Jihua , Yang Xuezhi , Sun Xu , Liu Qian , Jiang Guibin
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Aerosol particles are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and affect the
quality of human life through their climatic and health effects. The
formation and growth of aerosol particles involve extremely complex reactions
and processes. Due to limited research tools, the sources and chemistry of
aerosols are still not fully understood, and until now have normally
been investigated by using chemical species of secondary aerosols (e.g.,
NH4+, NO3-, SO42-, SOC) as tracers.
Here we investigated the role of silicon (Si), an ubiquitous but relatively
inert element, during the secondary aerosol formation process. We analyzed
the correlation of Si in airborne fine particles (PM2.5) collected
in Beijing – a typical pollution region – with the secondary chemical
species and secondary particle precursors (e.g., SO2 and
NOx). The total mass of Si in PM2.5 was found to
be uncorrelated with the secondary aerosol formation process, which suggested
that Si is a new conservative tracer for the amount of primary materials in
PM2.5 and can be used to estimate the relative amount of secondary
and primary compounds in PM2.5. This finding enables the accurate
estimation of secondary aerosol contribution to PM2.5 by using Si
as a single tracer rather than the commonly used multiple chemical tracers. In
addition, we show that the correlation analysis of secondary aerosols with
the Si isotopic composition of PM2.5 can further reveal
the sources of the precursors of secondary aerosols. Therefore, Si may
provide a new tool for aerosol chemistry studies.
A method for extracting calibrated volatility information from the FIGAERO-HR-ToF-CIMS and its experimental application
Authors: Bannan Thomas J. , Le Breton Michael , Priestley Michael , Worrall Stephen D. , Bacak Asan , Marsden Nicholas A. , Mehra Archit , Hammes Julia , Hallquist Mattias , Alfarra M. Rami , Krieger Ulrich K. , Reid Jonathan P. , Jayne John , Robinson Wade , McFiggans Gordon , Coe Hugh , Percival Carl J. , Topping Dave
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO) is an inlet specifically
designed to be coupled with the Aerodyne High-Resolution Time-of-Flight
Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-CIMS). The FIGAERO-HR-ToF-CIMS
provides simultaneous molecular information relating to both the gas- and
particle-phase samples and has been used to extract vapour pressures (VPs) of
the compounds desorbing from the filter whilst giving quantitative
concentrations in the particle phase. However, such extraction of vapour
pressures of the measured particle-phase components requires use of
appropriate, well-defined, reference compounds. Vapour pressures for the
homologous series of polyethylene glycols (PEG)
((H-(O-CH2-CH2)n-OH) for n=3 to n=8), covering a range
of vapour pressures (VP) (10−1 to 10−7 Pa) that are
atmospherically relevant, have been shown to be reproduced well by a range of
different techniques, including Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry (KEMS).
This is the first homologous series of compounds for which a number of vapour
pressure measurement techniques have been found to be in agreement,
indicating the utility as a calibration standard, providing an ideal set of
benchmark compounds for accurate characterization of the FIGAERO for
extracting vapour pressure of measured compounds in chambers and the real
atmosphere. To demonstrate this, single-component and mixture vapour pressure
measurements are made using two FIGAERO-HR-ToF-CIMS instruments based on a
new calibration determined from the PEG series. VP values extracted from both
instruments agree well with those measured by KEMS and reported values from
literature, validating this approach for extracting VP data from the FIGAERO.
This method is then applied to chamber measurements, and the vapour pressures
of known products are estimated.
Understanding the ability of low-cost MOx sensors to quantify ambient VOCs
Authors: Collier-Oxandale Ashley M. , Thorson Jacob , Halliday Hannah , Milford Jana , Hannigan Michael
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present a unique challenge in air quality
research given their importance to human and environmental health, and their
complexity to monitor resulting from the number of possible sources and
mixtures. New technologies, such as low-cost air quality sensors, have the
potential to support existing air quality measurement methods by providing
data in high time and spatial resolution. These higher-resolution data could
provide greater insight into specific events, sources, and local variability.
Furthermore, given the potential for differences in selectivities for
sensors, leveraging multiple sensors in an array format may even be able to
provide insight into which VOCs or types of VOCs are present. During the
FRAPPE and DISCOVER-AQ monitoring
campaigns, our team was able to co-locate two sensor systems, using metal
oxide (MOx) VOC sensors, with a proton-transfer-reaction quadrupole mass
spectrometer (PTR-QMS) providing speciated VOC data. This dataset provided
the opportunity to explore the ability of sensors to estimate specific VOCs
and groups of VOCs in real-world conditions, e.g., dynamic temperature and
humidity. Moreover, we were able to explore the impact of changing VOC
compositions on sensor performance as well as the difference in selectivities
of sensors in order to consider how this could be utilized. From this
analysis, it seems that systems using multiple VOC sensors are able to
provide VOC estimates at ambient levels for specific VOCs or groups of VOCs.
It also seems that this performance is fairly robust in changing VOC
mixtures, and it was confirmed that there are consistent and useful
differences in selectivities between the two MOx sensors studied. While this
study was fairly limited in scope, the results suggest that there is the
potential for low-cost VOC sensors to support highly resolved ambient
hydrocarbon measurements. The availability of this technology could enhance
research and monitoring for public health and communities impacted by air
toxics, which in turn could support a better understanding of exposure and
actions to reduce harmful exposure.
Radiance-based Retrieval Bias Mitigation for the MOPITT Instrument: The Version 8 Product
Authors: Deeter Merritt N. , Edwards David P. , Francis Gene L. , Gille John C. , Mao Debbie , Martinez-Alonso Sara , Worden Helen M. , Ziskin Dan , Andreae Meinrat O.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere) satellite instrument has been making nearly continuous observations of atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) since 2000. Satellite observations of CO are routinely used to analyze emissions from fossil fuels and biomass burning, and the atmospheric transport of those emissions. Recent enhancements to the MOPITT retrieval algorithm have resulted in the release of the Version 8 (V8) product. V8 products benefit from updated spectroscopic data for water vapor and nitrogen used to develop the operational radiative transfer model and exploit a new method for minimizing retrieval biases through parameterized radiance bias correction. Validation results illustrate clear improvements with respect to long-term bias drift and geographically variable retrieval bias.
An Extractive Electrospray Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (EESI-TOF) for online measurement of atmospheric aerosol particles
Authors: Lopez-Hilfiker Felipe D. , Pospisilova Veronika , Huang Wei , Kalberer Markus , Mohr Claudia , Stefenelli Giulia , Thornton Joel A. , Baltensperger Urs , Prevot Andre S. H. , Slowik Jay G.
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Real-time, online measurements of atmospheric organic aerosol (OA) composition are an essential tool for determining the emissions sources and physicochemical processes governing aerosol effects on climate and health. However, the reliance of current techniques on thermal desorption, hard ionization, and/or separated collection/analysis stages introduces significant uncertainties into OA composition measurements, hindering progress towards these goals. To address this gap, we present a novel, field-deployable extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF), which provides online, near-molecular OA measurements at atmospherically relevant concentrations without analyte fragmentation or decomposition. Aerosol particles are continuously sampled into the EESI-TOF, where they intersect a spray of charged droplets generated by a conventional electrospray probe. Soluble components are extracted, and then ionized as the droplets are evaporated. The EESI-TOF achieves a linear response to mass, with detection limits on the order of 1 to 10 ng m−3 for typical atmospherically-relevant compounds. In contrast to conventional electrospray systems, the EESI-TOF response is not significantly affected by a changing OA matrix, while a slight decrease in sensitivity in response to increasing absolute humidity is observed for some ions. Although the relative sensitivities to a variety of commercially available organic standards vary by approximately a factor of 30, the bulk sensitivity to most SOA compounds varies by only a factor of 6. Further, the ratio of compound-by-compound sensitivities between the EESI-TOF and an iodide adduct FIGAERO-CIMS vary by only ± 50 %, suggesting that EESI-TOF mass spectra indeed reflect the actual distribution of detectable compounds in the particle phase. Successful deployments of the EESI-TOF for laboratory environmental chamber measurements, ground-based ambient sampling, and proof-of-concept measurements aboard a research aircraft highlight the versatility and potential of the EESI-TOF system.
Evidence of vertical coupling: Meteorological storm Fabienne on 23 September 2018 and its related effects observed up to the ionosphere
Authors: Koucká Knížová Petra , Podolská Kateřina , Potužníková Kateřina , Kouba Daniel , Mošna Zbyšek , Boška Josef , Kozubek Michal
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Severe meteorological storm system on the frontal border of cyclone Fabienne passing above Central Europe was observed on 23–24 September 2018. Large meteorological systems are considered to be important sources of the wave-like variability visible/detectable through the atmosphere and even up to ionosphere heights. Significant departures from regular courses of atmospheric and ionospheric parameters were detected in all analyzed data sets through atmospheric heights. Above Europe, stratospheric temperature and wind significantly changed in coincidence with fast frontal transition (100–110 km h−1). Zonal wind at 1 and 0.1 hPa changes from usual westward before storm to eastward after storm. With this changes are connected changes in temperature where at 1 hPa analyzed area is colder and at 0.1 hPa warmer. Within ionospheric parameters, we have detected significant wave-like activity occurring shortly after the cold front crossed the observational point. During the storm event, both by Digisonde DPS-4D and Continuous Doppler Sounding equipment, we have observed strong horizontal plasma flow shears and time-limited increase plasma flow in both North and West components of ionospheric drift. Vertical component of plasma flow during the storm event is smaller with respect to corresponding values on preceding days. Analyzed event of exceptionally fast cold front of the cyclone Fabienne fell into the recovery phase of minor-moderate geomagnetic storm observed as a negative ionospheric storm in European Mid-latitudes. Hence, ionospheric observations consist of both disturbances induced by moderate geomagnetic storm and effects originated in convective activity in troposphere. Nevertheless, taking into account significant change in global circulation pattern in the stratosphere, we conclude that most of the observed wave-like oscillations in the ionosphere during night 23–24 September can be straight attributed to the propagation of atmospheric waves launched on the frontal border (cold front) of the cyclone Fabienne. Frontal system acted as an effective source of atmospheric waves propagating upward up to the ionosphere.
Vertical Structure of Ocean Surface Currents Under High Winds from Massive Arrays of Drifters
Authors: Lodise John , Özgökmen Tamay , Griffa Annalisa , Berta Maristella
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Very near surface ocean currents are dominated by wind and wave forcing and have large impacts on the transport of buoyant materials in the ocean, but have proved difficult to measure with many modern instrumentations. Here, observations of ocean currents at two depths within the first meter of the surface are made utilizing trajectory data from both drogued and undrogued CARTHE drifters, which have draft depths of 60 cm and 5 cm, respectively. Trajectory data of dense, co-located drogued and undrogued drifters, were collected during the LAgrangian Submesoscale ExpeRiment (LASER) that took place from January to March of 2016 in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Examination of the drifter velocities reveals that the surface currents become strongly wind- and wave-driven during periods of high wind, with the pre-existing regional circulation having a smaller, but non-negligible, influence on the total surface velocity. During these high wind events, we deconstruct the full surface current velocities captured by each drifter type into their wind- and wave-driven components after subtracting an estimate for the regional circulation which pre-exists each wind event. In order to capture the regional circulation in the absence of strong wind and wave forcing, a Lagrangian variational method is used to create hourly velocity fields for both drifter types separately, during the hours preceding each high wind event. Synoptic wind and wave output data from the Unified Wave INterface–Coupled Model (UWIN–CM), a fully coupled atmosphere, wave and ocean circulation model, are used for analysis. The wind-driven component of the surface current exhibits a rotation to the right with depth between the two surface layers measured. We find that the averaged wind-driven surface current from 0–5 cm (0–60 cm) travels at ~ 3.4–6.0 % (~ 2.3–4.1 %) of the wind speed, and is deflected ~ 5°–55° (~ 30–85°) to the right of the wind, reaching higher deflection angles at higher wind speeds. Results provide new insight to the vertical shear present in wind-driven surface currents under high winds, which have vital implications for any surface transport problem.
Oviposition behavior and host records for the parasitic midge Trichochilus lacteipennis (Johannsen) (Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae)
Authors: Funk David Harley , Roberts Sherman , Graham Alan
Published: March 2019

Adult female Trichochilus lacteipennis were observed to extrude long strings of eggs (up to 15 cm) in flight over a lake in Maine, USA. Once extruded females dropped to the water surface and released the strings. Larvae of T. lacteipennis are parasitic on Elliptio complanata at this site and probably additional unionid mussel species elsewhere. Based on our dissections of parasitized mussels and previous reports, it appears T. lacteipennis spend all or nearly all of their larval life within their mussel host, with first instars initially free-living inside the mantle. At some point larvae enter the marsupium and complete larval development on a diet of mussel eggs and/or glochidia before pupating within the marsupium.
Cricotopus (s. str.) latellai sp. n., a new rheophilic species of the tremulus-group from the Italian and French Maritime Alps (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Authors: Moubayed-Breil Joel , Ashe Patrick
Published: March 2019

Cricotopus (Cricotopus) latellai sp. n. is described and diagnosed based on material comprising male and female pharate adults, pupal exuviae and larvae recently collected in some glacial streams in both the Italian and French Maritime Alps. Taxonomic notes provided in this paper include: description of C. latellai sp. n. as male and female adults, pupal exuviae and last instar larvae. The diagnosis of the Cricotopus tremulus-group is supplemented with additional characters in the male adult and pupal exuviae. Cricotopus latellai sp. n. keys near C. mantetanus Moubayed-Breil, 2016 and C. storozhenkoi Makarchenko & Makarchenko, 2016. Geographical distribution of C. latellai sp. n. is currently restricted to the Italian and French Maritime Alps. It belongs to the Tyrrhenian community of glacial relic species, which are considered to be indicators of climate change in this biogeographical region. Remarks, taxonomic position, and ecology of the new described species are given.