bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pan-Cancer Analysis of Canonical and Modified miRNAs Enhances the Resolution of the Functional miRNAome in Cancer
Authors: Distefano Rosario , Tomasello Luisa , Rampioni Vinciguerra Gian Luca , Gasparini Pierluigi , Xiang Yujia , Bagnoli Marina , Marceca Gioacchino P. , Fadda Paolo , Laganà Alessandro , Acunzo Mario , Ma Qin , Nigita Giovanni , Croce Carlo M.
Published: August 2022

Epitranscriptomic studies of miRNAs have added a new layer of complexity to the cancer field. Although there is fast-growing interest in adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) miRNA editing and alternative cleavage that shifts miRNA isoforms, simultaneous evaluation of both modifications in cancer is still missing. Here, we concurrently profiled multiple miRNA modification types, including A-to-I miRNA editing and shifted miRNA isoforms, in >13,000 adult and pediatric tumor samples across 38 distinct cancer cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas and The Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments data sets. The differences between canonical miRNAs and the wider miRNAome in terms of expression, clustering, dysregulation, and prognostic standpoint were investigated. The combination of canonical miRNAs and modified miRNAs boosted the quality of clustering results, outlining unique clinicopathologic features among cohorts. Certain modified miRNAs showed opposite expression from their canonical counterparts in cancer, potentially impacting their targets and function. Finally, a shifted and edited miRNA isoform was experimentally validated to directly bind and suppress a unique target. These findings outline the importance of going beyond the well-established paradigm of one mature miRNA per miRNA arm to elucidate novel mechanisms related to cancer progression.

Significance:

Modified miRNAs may act as cancer biomarkers and function as allies or antagonists of their canonical counterparts in gene regulation, suggesting the concurrent consideration of canonical and modified miRNAs can boost patient stratification.
An Alternatively Spliced p62 Isoform Confers Resistance to Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Guo Qianying , Wang Hao , Duan Jiahao , Luo Wenwu , Zhao Rongrong , Shen Yuting , Wang Bijun , Tao Siqi , Sun Yi , Ye Qian , Bi Xiaomin , Yuan Hui , Wu Qiang , Lobie Peter E. , Zhu Tao , Tan Sheng , Huang Xing , Wu Zhengsheng
Published: August 2022

Resistance to chemotherapy remains a major obstacle to the successful treatment of breast cancer. More than 80% of patients who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) do not achieve a pathologic complete response. In this study, we report a novel p62 mRNA isoform with a short 3′-UTR (untranslated region; p62-SU, 662-nt) that is associated with chemoresistance in breast cancer cells and tissue specimens. The p62 mRNA isoform was identified by RNA sequencing with qRT-PCR, 3′-RACE, and Northern blot analysis. In vitro and in vivo, ectopic expression of p62-SU promoted breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance compared with the p62 mRNA isoform with a full-length 3′-UTR (p62-LU, 1,485-nt). Mechanistically, cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 1 (CPSF1) modulated the 3′-UTR of p62 through alternative polyadenylation. In addition, p62-SU escaped miR-124-3p–mediated repression and upregulated p62-SU protein expression, thereby inducing p62-dependent chemoresistance. These data suggest that a CPSF1-p62-miR-124-3p signaling axis is responsible for reduced sensitivity of breast cancer to chemotherapy.

Significance:

Resistance to NAC in breast cancer is driven by a novel p62 mRNA isoform that escapes miRNA-mediated repression and leads to increased p62 protein expression.
Blood Lipids and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: Mendelian Randomization Analyses in the Japanese Consortium of Genetic Epidemiology Studies
Authors: Iwagami Masao , Goto Atsushi , Katagiri Ryoko , Sutoh Yoichi , Koyanagi Yuriko N. , Nakatochi Masahiro , Nakano Shiori , Hanyuda Akiko , Narita Akira , Shimizu Atsushi , Tanno Kozo , Hozawa Atsushi , Kinoshita Kengo , Oze Isao , Ito Hidemi , Yamaji Taiki , Sawada Norie , Nakamura Yohko , Nakamura Sho , Kuriki Kiyonori , Suzuki Sadao , Hishida Asahi , Kasugai Yumiko , Imoto Issei , Suzuki Midori , Momozawa Yukihide , Takeuchi Kenji , Yamamoto Masayuki , Sasaki Makoto , Matsuo Keitaro , Tsugane Shoichiro , Wakai Kenji , Iwasaki Motoki
Published: August 2022

The associations between blood lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and colorectal cancer risk are controversial. We evaluated potential causal relationships between blood lipids and colorectal cancer risk. Using the baseline data from the Japanese Consortium of Genetic Epidemiology studies, we estimated the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)–exposure associations (n = 34,546 for TC, n = 50,290 for HDL-C, n = 51,307 for triglycerides, and n = 30,305 for LDL-C). We also estimated the SNP–outcome associations in another Japanese dataset (n = 7,936 colorectal cancer cases and n = 38,042 controls). We conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses for the association between each blood lipid type and the risk of colorectal cancer using an inverse variance-weighted method. The total variances explained by the selected SNPs in TC (68 SNPs), HDL-C (50 SNPs), log-transformed triglycerides (26 SNPs), and LDL-C (35 SNPs) were 7.0%, 10.0%, 6.2%, and 5.7%, respectively. The odds ratios for colorectal cancer were 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.32] per 1 standard deviation (SD; 33.3 mg/dL) increase in TC, 1.11 (95% CI, 0.98–1.26) per 1 SD (15.4 mg/dL) increase in HDL-C, 1.06 (95% CI, 0.90–1.26) per 1 SD (0.5 log-mg/dL) increase in log-transformed triglycerides, and 1.17 (95% CI, 0.91–1.50) per 1 SD (29.6 mg/dL) increase in LDL-C. Sensitivity analyses consistently suggested the positive association between TC and colorectal cancer, whereas results of each lipid component were inconsistent. In conclusion, this large MR study of a Japanese population showed a potentially causal association between high TC and colorectal cancer risk, although the association between each lipid component and colorectal cancer remained inconclusive.

Prevention Relevance:

In this large MR analysis of a Japanese population, a positive association was found between genetically predicted high total cholesterol (TC) levels and an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Therefore, lowering TC levels by lifestyle modifications or medications may be justified for the purpose of preventing colorectal cancer.
Current Status of the Workforce and Training at Fetal Therapy Centers in North America
Authors: Moise Kenneth Joseph , Vlastos Emanuel Joseph , Papanna Ramesha , Chmait Ramen H. , Baschat Ahmet A. , Lim Foong-Yen ,   for the North American Fetal Treatment Network (NAFTNet)
Published: August 2022

Introduction: We sought to characterize the current workforce and training for fetal intervention procedures at fetal centers in North America. Methods: An anonymous electronic survey was developed to query the 34 centers in the North American Fetal Treatment Network regarding the demographics and training of their faculty. Telephone surveys were conducted with directors of known fetal intervention fellowships. Results: More than 50% of maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) faculty at fetal centers were female; more than two-thirds of pediatric surgical faculty were male. Most of the training of faculty was undertaken by visiting more experienced centers or having new faculty work with more experienced ones at the same center. Current fetal intervention fellowships appear to achieve levels of competency for intrauterine transfusions and laser therapy for twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Two-thirds of centers stated that they would be able to offer a position to an MFM who completed a formal fellowship in fetal intervention. Conclusion: A collaborative effort should be undertaken to establish formal fellowships in fetal medicine and intervention.
Pâncreas ectópico: provocando gastrite e baixo peso
Authors: Costa Roberto Gibson Ferreira
Published: August 2022

O pâncreas ectópico é uma anomalia congênita rara representada por um aglomerado de tecido pancreático aberrante fora de seu lugar anatômico natural, visto em qualquer época da vida. A localização mais frequente é o duodeno ou tecido gástrico. Suas manifestações clínicas são inespecíficas e podem dificultar o diagnóstico. A ectopia pancreática pode ser vista também em outros órgãos ou regiões extra-abdominais como, por exemplo, no pulmão, mediastino e no umbigo. A incidência do pâncreas ectópico em achados de necropsias varia entre 0,6 a 5,6%. O autor relata um caso de um paciente com pâncreas ectópico localizado no antro gástrico que provocava sintomatologia gastrointestinal associado a baixo peso e faz uma breve revisão da literatura.
"Eu não acredito!" como o lema de Stanislavsky e Vakhtangov. Notas semióticas sobre a verdade no palco do teatro
Authors: Merkoulova Inna
Published: August 2022

O fundador do teatro moderno do século XX, Konstantin Stanislavsky e o seu aluno Evgeny Vakhtangov, implementaram, em suas práticas e performances, o princípio “como na vida”. Eles acreditavam que um ator deveria estar no palco como uma criança estaria. Enquanto criança, ele poderia “largar o boneco”, tratando-o como um “soldado ferido” e enfaixando-o com seriedade. Para tanto, o ator deve relacionar-se com a inverdade, isto é, o espaço do palco, tratando-o “como se fosse verdade, ou seja, transformar mentiras em verdade” (VAKHTANGOV, 1918). Neste artigo, propomos abordar exemplos do assim chamado “teatro da verdade” (escola da experiência, escola da representação) através de categorias semióticas específicas (modalidades veridictórias, envolvimento/não-envolvimento), bem como através do prisma da semiótica da cultura de Youri Lotman, procurando responder à seguinte pergunta: “qual é a verdade no palco do teatro de hoje?”.
Sexualidade improdutiva e resistência na canção Geni e o zepelim, de Chico Buarque
Authors: Scabin Nara Lya Cabral
Published: August 2022

O texto analisa a letra da canção Geni e o zepelim, de Chico Buarque, a fim de refletir sobre sua potência político-crítica, que atribuímos à forma como seu autor-criador, enquanto posição axiológica recortada pelo autor-pessoa, reordena discursos e experiências históricas conforme certas intencionalidades estéticas. Sobre a representação da personagem Geni, destacamos uma posição de resistência frente à opressão capitalista-colonial por meio da experiência de práticas sexuais não apenas moralmente transgressoras, mas sobretudo economicamente improdutivas.
A infância na universidade pelo Departamento de Estudos da Infância
Authors: Leite Filho Aristeo Gonçalves , Gomes Lisandra Ogg , Pereira Rita Marisa Ribes
Published: August 2022

Este texto apresenta o Departamento de Estudos da Infância (Dedi), vinculado à Faculdade de Educação (EDU) da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Uerj). Criado em 2005, o Dedi é o único departamento universitário, no Brasil, estruturado a partir do campo dos Estudos da Infância, e, por essa razão, oferece uma perspectiva para problematizar os lugares da infância nessa instituição de ensino superior, isto é, se o tema da infância historicamente já se fazia presente no tripé ensino-pesquisa-extensão, sua criação deslocou tal temática também para o campo da gestão universitária, dado que a infância torna-se um eixo para as políticas internas da instituição. Que concepções de infância se colocam em pauta quando uma universidade pública propõe um departamento com essa especificidade? Que diálogos esse lugar institucional tece com as epistemologias e as políticas de educação, cultura e de reconhecimento de direitos para as crianças? O texto apresenta um histórico da construção e das transformações institucionais desse departamento trazidas em diálogo com a legislação e reformas  curriculares que aconteceram ao longo de sua existência e com conhecimento teórico produzido acerca da infância nos diferentes campos da cultura, ciência, educação e das políticas públicas.
Devorando o Manifesto Antropófago
Authors: Spricigo Vinicius Pontes , Soares Mayara Santos Carvalho
Published: August 2022

A resenha discute diferentes leituras do Manifesto Antropofágico no contexto de revisões do Modernismo Brasileiro propiciadas pelo Centenário da Semana de 22 e coloca em perspectiva crítica as representações do negro e do indígena presentes na metáfora antropofágica.
Fiscalidade e subdesenvolvimento: breves considerações sobre o Brasil independente
Authors: Scacchetti Camila
Published: August 2022

Buscando traçar a relação entre os níveis de subdesenvolvimento e fiscalidade, este estudo analisa a construção fiscal noBrasil independente. Por meio da separação das receitas entre o Cofre Geral e Provincial, o Brasil testemunhou uma nova estrutura administrativa arrecadatória. Os dízimos incidentes sobre os principais produtos exportados figuraram como a principal fonte de recolhimento t r ibutár io das Províncias. No entanto, às regiões incapazes de se encaixarem nessa dinâmica, poucas alternativas foram oferecidas. Este feito só fez aprofundar os níveis de subdesenvolvimento presentes no território nacional.
Mário de Andrade e a construção da cozinha brasileira
Authors: Aguiar Viviane Soares
Published: August 2022

A contribuição dos modernistas para a construção de uma ideia de “cozinha brasileira” é analisada, neste artigo, a partir da perspectiva de Mário de Andrade (1893-1945) e de seu único texto inteiramente dedicado ao assunto, Tacacá com tucupi, publicado em 1939, pouco depois de ele ter lido Açúcar: algumas receitas de bolos e doces dos engenhos do Nordeste, de Gilberto Freyre (1900-1987). Por meio de uma leitura histórica do texto, procura-se demonstrar que a escrita se deu, por um lado, como uma crítica explícita aos chamados “bons comedores” – intelectuais apreciadores da gastronomia francesa, mas envergonhados das peculiaridades brasileiras –, e, por outro, como uma resposta tácita à visão regionalista do escritor  pernambucano. Com ironia, Mário reconfigura o mapa culinário do país, ousando equiparar as comidas nacionais às francesas e sintetizando, por meio da culinária, alguns de seus importantes conceitos sobre a cultura brasileira.
Por um Glossário de História do Brasil Colonial Direcionado por Corpus e Orientado para Tradutores
Authors: Candian Selene
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é verificar se é possível pensar a nomenclatura de história do Brasil colonial terminologicamente e, com base nesses termos e em equivalentes já encontrados por tradutores, desenvolver um glossário de história do Brasil colonial, na direção português-inglês, direcionado por corpus e orientado para tradutores. Para isso, compilamos dois corpora paralelos de obras sobre História do Brasil (Brasil: uma biografia / Brazil: a biography, de Lilia M. Schwarcz e Heloisa M. Starling, e História concisa do Brasil / A concise history of Brazil, de Boris Fausto), os quais nos informaram, a partir da abordagem direcionada por corpus (Tagnin; Teixeira, 2012), potenciais candidatos a termos. Selecionamos dez candidatos a termos e desenvolvemos verbetes orientados para tradutores, com base em um modelo de verbete adaptado de Tagnin (2015).
Sobre cocriações (d)e baratas: a identidade da tradutora no processo de tradução de poemas de Elise Cowen
Authors: Cerqueira César Tambosi Michelle
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho é uma análise do projeto de tradução da série de 5 poemas em que a poeta Elise Cowen trabalha a imagem de baratas como uma metáfora dos homens e, principalmente, das mulheres pertencentes à geração beat. A análise foi realizada sob a luz da teoria da Identidade do Tradutor. Ao longo da análise pude verificar que mesmo perseguindo uma prática que reconhecesse minha identidade enquanto tradutora e que se afastasse dos ideais prescritivos tradicionais da tradução, por diversos momentos realizei uma tradução preocupada com os ideais de fidelidade e invisibilidade. Ainda que oscilando entre uma atitude mais ou menos transformadora diante do trabalho da tradução, conclui que o próprio processo quanto a análise posterior feita sobre ele foram elucidativos e formadores no sentido de compreender e realizar uma tradução pelo princípio da cocriação.
Macanese Negation in Comparative Perspective: Typology and Ecology
Authors: Arcodia Giorgio Francesco
Published: August 2022

Macanese, the near-extinct Portuguese creole of Macao, is an Asian Portuguese Creole language closely related to Malaccan Papia Kristang. In this paper, I argue that a distinctive feature of Macanese vis-à-vis other Asian Portuguese Creoles is its system of negation; specifically, its usage of the negators nunca and nádi. Negators deriving from Portuguese nunca ‘never’ and não há-de ‘shall not’ are attested in several Asian Portuguese Creoles: while their usage varies considerably, the former usually acts as the negator for realis predicates, whereas the latter typically negates irrealis predicates. In this paper I argue that, differently from other Asian Portuguese Creoles, Macanese nunca is also the only available negator for adjectival and nominal predicates, independently from tam features. Through a comparison with other Asian Portuguese creoles, and with the adstrates and substrates of Macanese, I also discuss the possible origin of these features.
Falconry at Medieval Islamicate Courts: Open-Air Practice and Backstage Knowledge
Authors: Akasoy Anna Ayse
Published: August 2022

Falconry at Islamicate courts of the pre-Ottoman period involved a complex set of practices, traditions and institutions. Evolving as part of the royal hunt from the late Umayyad period onwards, it included a body of scientific, mostly medical literature from early Abbasid times. A corpus of falconry poetry developed from around the same time. In Fatimid contexts, falconry images appear prominently in the visual arts. In Mamluk times, the connection between hunting with birds of prey and fighting becomes more pronounced. The present article discusses the significance of Islamicate courts which offered singular conditions for the multi-layered and cumulative nature of falconry as an elite and highly symbolic practice. Insofar as these details are known, it also takes the various human agents involved in courtly falconry into account.
Characterisation of some species groups of Brachymeria (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), with a review of the B. tibialis-group and description of a new species parasitizing Zygaena pupae (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae)
Authors: DELVARE GÉRARD , SHAW MARK R.
Published: August 2022

The Brachymeria tibialis species group is newly recognized and diagnosed together with the Brachymeria annulata, femorata, kassiliensis and lasus species groups also newly defined. In these diagnoses a few morphological characters of the ventral part of the mesosoma, discovered in this study, are proposed to help differentiate the groups. The B. tibialis species group itself includes solely B. tibialis (Walker) and B. zygaenae Delvare & Shaw n. sp., which was until now mixed with it. The biology and hosts of both species are summarized.
Sport Prosumer Networks: Capital and Value of American Sports During Covid-19
Authors: Bond Alexander J.
Published: August 2022

Prosumption capital is underexplored within social media sites, especially within sports. This article explores how the Covid-19 disruptions were used to extract prosumption capital from Twitter. Adopting an economic sociology perspective to measure prosumption capital, 2.3 million tweets were analyzed across the National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, National Hockey League, and Major League Soccer sports properties. This article applies social network analysis measures, indegree, domain, and proximity prestige to measure prosumption capital and shows how media organizations and other public figures capitalized on the Covid-19 disruptions. It also shows how the structure and those capitalizing through prosumption on Twitter are similar across the sports properties.
Outcome after Lateral Pancreaticojejunostomy in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis Associated with Pancreas Divisum
Authors: Schnelldorfer Thomas , Adams David B.
Published: August 2022

In order to evaluate surgical outcome after lateral pancreaticojejunostomy (LPJ) in patients with pancreas divisum (PD), we compared the operative results in patients who underwent LPJ for PD with those who underwent LPJ for other causes of chronic pancreatitis. The records of 129 patients who underwent LPJ for chronic pain associated with chronic pancreatitis from 1995 through 2001 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. There were 21 patients (11 men, 10 women, mean age 40 years) who had PD as a cause of chronic pancreatitis. The remaining 108 patients (58 men, 50 women, mean age 48 years) had chronic pancreatitis of other etiologies. The two groups had a similar stage of disease progress measured by incidence of pancreatic duct strictures, terminal biliary stenosis, pseudocysts, insulin dependency, need for pancreatic enzymes, and symptom duration. There was no difference in operative time (200 ± 13.3 vs. 206 ± 6.1 minutes) or intraop-erative blood loss (200 vs. 300 mL) comparing the PD to the other group. The overall postoperative morbidity (14% vs. 23%) and mortality (0% vs. 2%) were not significantly different in PD versus other group comparison. Hospital length of stay was similar in both groups (7.0 ± 2.4 vs. 8.0 ± 1.3 days). In the PD group 10 per cent required reoperation with pancreatic resection for failure of LPJ to improve chronic pain versus 9 per cent in the other group. Comparison of patients who undergo LPJ for PD with those who undergo LPJ for other etiologies showed no significant difference in failure rates as measured by the need for reoperation. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were similar in both groups. Failure of LPJ in patients with PD may be related to factors associated with failure of LPJ in management of chronic pancreatitis of other causes. This includes inadequate drainage of the head of gland, failure to drain small ducts, and perineural inflammation.
Thoracoscopic Thymectomy in Children with Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Skelly Christopher L. , Jackson Carl-Christian A. , Wu Yeming , Hill Charles B. , Chwals Walter J. , Liu Donald C.
Published: August 2022

Although conservative medical management is the mainstay in the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG), severest forms of the disease often require surgical thymectomy. Thoracoscopic thymectomy (TT) represents a minimally invasive alternative to traditional thymectomy via sternotomy. We present our preliminary experience with TT as definitive treatment for severe forms of MG. The charts of 5 children (4 girls and 1 boy; age range, 11-17 years) who underwent TT for MG were retrospectively reviewed. TT was typically performed via left thoracoscopy using 4- or 5-mm ports with 1 of the ports enlarged at the end of the procedure for specimen retrieval. Thymic veins were identified and ligated with surgical clips in all cases. Surgical parameters assessed were the following: operating time, intra- and postoperative complications, length of postoperative stay, and resolution of symptoms. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 2 years. All 5 TTs were successfully completed. In 1 case, right-sided thoracoscopy was added to ensure complete gland excision. Surgical pathology in all cases demonstrated complete excision. Mean operating time was 121 minutes (range 88 minutes to 188 minutes). There were no intra- or postoperative complications. Length of postoperative stay averaged 1.6 days (range, 1 to 3 days). Four of 5 (80%) had clear resolution of symptoms with 1 showing minimal resolution at 6 months. Thoracoscopic thymectomy is a safe and potentially attractive alternative to traditional thymectomy via median sternotomy in severe forms of myasthenia gravis. Complete thymectomy, the goal of traditional surgical treatment for myasthenia gravis, can effectively by achieved via this minimally invasive technique.
Improved Results Using Ultrasound Guidance for Central Venous Access
Authors: Gann Marcus , Sardi Armando
Published: August 2022

Central venous cannulation is an essential part of patient management in a variety of clinical settings. The complications of cannulation may be as high as 10 per cent and include arterial puncture, pneumothorax, hemothorax, cardiac tamponade, hematoma, malposition of catheter, nerve injury, and death.1 Standard technique for placement of central venous catheters is by use of a blinded, external landmark-guided technique. Success rates and complication rates vary according to the technique employed.2 Ultrasound use in general surgery has gained popularity and is now readily available in most operating suites. A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of ultrasound-guided placement of central venous access devices. Ultrasound guidance was used to place central venous ports for chemotherapy in 29 patients. Catheters were placed using a handheld ultrasound (7.5 MHz, linear probe, Aloka, Wallingford, CT) with the Seldinger technique. The internal jugular vein was used as the primary site. Accurate placement within the superior vena cava was confirmed with fluoroscopy. All procedures were per-formed under local anesthesia with intravenous sedation. The data analyzed included length of procedure, complications, and success rates. The right internal jugular vein was used in all but 4 of our patients. In 2 of those patients, the left internal jugular was chosen initially. In the other 2, anatomical variants were discovered requiring a modification of technique to cannulate the right internal jugular vein. Overall, ultrasound led to a change in management in 14 per cent of patients. The average time for placement was 30 minutes (range, 22-42 minutes). There were no failures in placement or misplacement of the catheters. Detection of anatomy prior to venipuncture and direct real-time visualization are the keys to success with ultrasound guidance. This study shows that placement of central venous catheters, using ultrasound guidance, may be done in a timely manner while minimizing risks and maximizing success.
Association of Epicardial Fat Volume with Coronary Artery Ectasia and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Subhan Shoaib , Sami Abdul , Akhtar Waheed , Jan Muneeb Ullah , Ullah Asif , Malik Jahanzeb
Published: August 2022

Epicardial fat may play an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the relationship between coronary artery ectasia (CAE) and epicardial fat volume (EFV). This retrospective study included 506 patients with CAE (group 1), 500 with CAD (group 2), and 500 patients with normal coronaries as controls (group 3). The pericardium was traced manually from the edge of the pulmonary trunk to the last measured by computed tomography slice containing images of the heart to obtain a region of interest. EFV was significantly higher in patients with CAD than in those with CAE (87.94 ± 22.18 vs 61.33 ± 12.75 mL; P < .001). Patients with normal coronaries had EFV of 56.62 ± 9.82 mL. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male gender [Odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 1.220 (1.015–1.682), P = .042], diabetes [OR (95% CI): 1.036 (1.008–1.057); P = .002], and smoking [OR (95% CI): 3.043 (1.022–9.462); P = .005] were significantly associated with CAE. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that EFV had strongest diagnostic value for detecting CAD rather than CAE [AUC .502 P = .074 (95% CI: .311–.784)]. This study demonstrated that EFV is an independent predictor for CAE and CAD. However, sensitivity and specificity for detecting CAE is low when compared with CAD.
Does virtual versus in-person e-cigarette education have a differential impact?
Authors: Gaiha Shivani Mathur , Warnock Amelia , Kile Shelby , Brake Kennon , Vong do Rosario Clementino , Oates Gabriela R , Halpern-Felsher Bonnie , Walley Susan Chu
Published: August 2022

Background:

E-cigarette prevention education aims to mitigate adolescent e-cigarette use. Such education is increasingly delivered through virtual/video-based teaching platforms (e.g. Zoom, Google Classrooms). However, there is little evidence about the effectiveness of virtual e-cigarette education compared to in-person education on adolescents’ knowledge about e-cigarettes, perceived addictiveness and intent to try e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and marijuana.

Objective:

To evaluate the effectiveness of virtual e-cigarette education compared to in-person education on student knowledge and perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes and intent to try e-cigarettes.

Design, Setting and Method:

We conducted a pre- and post-education evaluation among 10 middle and high school students in the Greater Birmingham area, Alabama, who were non-randomly assigned to receive either virtual ( n = 745) or in-person e-cigarette education ( n = 286) (mean age: 14.36 years). The study used a 25-minute educational presentation about the health effects of e-cigarettes, the risks of second- and third-hand smoke, the addictive nature of nicotine, and marketing strategies of e-cigarette companies. Participants completed a 10-minute self-administered survey immediately before and after the presentation.

Results and conclusion:

Except for certain e-cigarette knowledge-related items, our study shows that both virtual and in-person education had similar effects on improving knowledge about e-cigarettes, increasing perceived addictiveness and reducing intent to try e-cigarettes, cigarettes and marijuana among participants. Virtual education may be applied where in-person education is not feasible (e.g. in rural communities).
Camera calibration based on improved differential evolution particle swarm
Authors: Fu Wei , Wu Lushen
Published: August 2022

Aiming at the problem of camera calibration with multiple parameters, this paper proposes the fusion optimization algorithm of improved differential evolution and particle swarm in the calibration of the camera. Adaptive judgment factors is Introduced to control the improvement of differential evolution during each iteration (IDE) algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm solve the multiple parameters of traditional camera calibration algorithm. The proposed algorithm can ensure the diversity and effectiveness of individual evolution of the population. Experimental results show that the algorithm has excellent global search capabilities and local optimizations ability. It can accurately calibrate the camera. The convergence precision, speed and robustness performance significantly is superior to PSO (Particle swarm optimization algorithm), DE (differential evolution algorithm), GA (Genetic algorithm) and Zhang’s method. It improves the precision and speed of the proposed calibration method. The root mean square error of the calibration algorithm proposed in this paper is only 0.182, the calibration error result is smaller than other several algorithms. The reprojection error of our method is 0.05938 (Ex/pixel) and 0.02988 (Ey/pixel). It is smaller than GA, PSO, DE, and Zhang’s method. So, the algorithm performance is excellent.
Aurality of images in graphic ethnographies: Sexual violence during wars and memories of the feelings of fear
Authors: Mookherjee Nayanika
Published: August 2022

This article examines the role of graphic ethnography in mapping the objects and feelings of fear through the silence of images, through the aurality of this silence. By aurality, I refer to the sounds and feelings felt by the reader when seeing these images in their colours, visuality and contexts which are not brought out by words and texts alone. The article explores the new sociographies that emerge from this intercitationality of visceral fear, from the aurality of this dread, that survivors of sexual violence during the Bangladesh war of 1971 feel till today. It suggests that we need to go beyond the search for the ‘unsayable and unseeable’ to understand how survivors and their quotidian existence are intertwined with these objects of fear. Nothing is unseeable or unsayable for survivors here as they live through fear ‘as an environment’. The article explores the intertextual, intercitational registers between my book The Spectral Wound and my co-authored graphic novel, Birangona, in order to bring out the reparative aspects of graphic ethnography and the new forms of knowledge production.
Fiction in Goffman
Authors: Smith Greg
Published: August 2022

There are no references to creative fiction in Erving Goffman’s founding statement of his sociology of the interaction order, his 1953 Chicago doctoral dissertation ( Communication Conduct in an Island Community). Yet four pages into his first and best-known book, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959), Goffman cites a ‘novelistic incident’ describing the posturing of Preedy, a ‘vacationing Englishman’ on a Spanish beach. It is introduced in order to articulate the distinction between ‘expressions given’ and ‘expressions given off’ and to indicate their capacity for intentional or unintentional engineering. The page-long passage about Preedy, found in a 1956 collection of William Sansom’s short stories, is often mentioned in reviews and summaries of Goffman’s groundbreaking book. This article describes the types of fiction drawn upon by Goffman and examines the ‘work’ that fictional illustrations distinctively do in his writings. The discussion sheds light not only on why Goffman elected to include fictional illustrative materials in his sociology and why eventually he dropped their use, it also underscores some strengths and limits of the fictional for interactional analysis in sociology.
Experimental design and testing of the electrothermal properties of carbon nanotube film
Authors: Wang Lu , Chen Qing , Zhou Yijia , Zheng Rong , Zhou Xiaohong , Fan Jintu
Published: August 2022

Electrically heated materials play a critical role in electrically heated textiles, which have potential applications in a wide range of fields for human healthcare. Among them, carbon nanotube film (CNTF) has gained a great deal of attention because of its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. In this paper, we explored the electrothermal property of CNTF with different sizes and CNTF covered by polyester. It showed that the air temperature had a certain effect on the electrothermal performance of the CNTF. When a voltage of 2.5 V was applied, the 20 mm × 20 mm CNTF sample stored at 25°C achieved the highest temperature of about 37°C, which was 34°C when stored at −20°C. In addition, was observed that adding a polyester protective fabric can prevent heat loss effectively. When a voltage of 5.5 V was applied, the U-shaped CNTF achieved the highest temperature of about 42°C, while the polyester-CNTF achieved about 35°C. Notably, CNTF exhibited rapid temperature response when the voltages were turned on and off. When the voltage was 4.5 V, the 20 mm × 20 mm CNTF reached 50°C in 5 s, and the heating rate was about 10°C/s. When the voltage was turned off, the temperature dropped about 30°C immediately in 5 s. Finally, the relationship between the thermal conductivity of CNTF and its mass and specific heat capacity was constructed using Newton's law of cooling. This provided a model to calculate and predict the performance, which can help to design the power and temperature of electrical heated textiles in the future.
Making Research-Practice Partnerships Work for you: What Might Researchers Want you to Know
Authors: Bellara Aarti P. , Montrosse-Moorhead Bianca , Casa Tutita M. , Gubbins E. Jean , Hayden Stacy M.
Published: August 2022

Partnerships between educational researchers and school-based administrators and educators is imperative to successfully identifying evidence-based practices to improve pedagogy, curriculum, and student outcomes. In this paper, we recognize how being approached by educational researchers can be overwhelming for administrators and educators. We offer a perspective that may help school-based personnel understand the motivation behind research requests and how administrators can frame their response to these requests using a critical lens to ensure these partnerships are beneficial to their school community.
Effects of dietary phosphorus concentration and phosphate salt form on renal tubule function in unilateral nephrectomized rats
Authors: Mori Kikue , Katsumata Shin-ichi , Miyajima Katsuhiro , Uno Kinuko , Matsuzaki Hiroshi
Published: August 2022

Background: Excessive consumption of phosphorus (P) impairs renal tubule function; however, the effects of different dietary phosphate salts on chronic kidney disease (CKD) are unclear. Aim: To examine the effects of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) and potassium tripolyphosphate (K5P3O10) and P concentration on renal function in a rat model of early CKD. Methods: Male sham-operated Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet containing KH2PO4 with a normal P level. Kidney injury was induced by unilateral nephrectomy (UNx), and the rats were divided into four groups fed dietary KH2PO4 or K5P3O10 with a normal (UNx-NKH, UNx-NKP) or high (UNx-HKH, UNx-HKP) P concentration, respectively, for 21 days. Results: UNx-NKH rats showed significantly lower creatinine clearance (CCr) and higher albumin (ALB) compared with those of sham rats, confirming UNx-induced kidney injury. The urinary levels of liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and ALB were significantly higher in UNx-HKP rats than in UNx-HKH rats. However, other markers of renal tubule function, such as CCr, serum creatinine (CRE), calcium (Ca), and hormones, only differed among groups according to the P concentration and not the dietary phosphate salt form. Histological examination showed higher incidence and severity of tubulointerstitial lesions, tubule regeneration, tubule dilation, and calcification in the high-phosphorus than in the normal-phosphorus UNx groups. These changes were more severe in the UNx-HKP group compared with the UNx-HKH group. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of controlling dietary P intake in terms of both concentration and source to prevent the progression of CKD.
Automated Vehicle Detection Systems Data as a Promising Approach for Roadway Construction Planning: The Case of Dallas, Texas, Highway System
Authors: Bakchan Amal , Faust Kasey M. , Khwaja Nabeel
Published: August 2022

Construction activities on roadway infrastructure have adverse impacts on traffic safety and mobility because of often needed lane and shoulder closures. Existing approaches for planning roadway construction operations primarily rely on general guidelines that do not consider the unique traffic demand patterns of individual roadways. This study proposes utilizing data collected through automated vehicle detection systems (AVDS)— big AVDS data—to enable more informed, data-driven construction planning. To operationalize this approach, the study develops an integrated framework for assessing quality (e.g., validity, completeness) and aggregating AVDS data at various temporal and spatial levels. The framework is demonstrated using big AVDS data for the Dallas, Texas, highway network. The analyses demonstrate how integrating data completeness with performance measures’ behavioral patterns can provide improved understanding of the accuracy of information provided by the AVDS data. The traffic pattern analyses reveal evening peaks that are greater than the morning peaks, remaining so past the typical off-peak time according to the general lane closure guidelines. These findings demonstrate that historically used time periods for construction planning may underestimate demand at traditionally off-peak times. Therefore, the framework demonstration emphasizes the significance of using granular traffic data that considers the specifics of individual roadways to better inform construction planning. The study contributes to advances in construction and engineering management by (i) extending existing roadway construction planning approaches through using higher granular traffic data to better inform roadway construction planning, and (ii) developing a much needed integrated quality assessment and aggregation framework that can operationalize this use.
Climate justice is social justice: articulating people’s rights to the city in Mumbai
Authors: Wagle Paroma , Philip Kavita
Published: August 2022

Mumbai, India’s most populous city, faces rising temperatures, flooding, and pollution. Climate change is an urgent concern, yet strong disagreements divide the city’s population on the nature of appropriate responses to climate crisis. We find that urban activists in Mumbai make an explicit connection between social justice and climate justice. This paper studies three social movements working in Mumbai to secure access to housing, water and sanitation for marginalized communities. Building on the work of Nancy Fraser, Iris Marion Young and Henri Lefebvre, we argue that climate injustice in Mumbai has roots in structures of inequality based in class, gender, religion and migration status. Climate adaptation strategies run the risk of exacerbating inequalities when disasters strike. We seek design solutions that centre on inclusive justice rather than technocratic market forces. This paper opens up a conversation about global megacities, climate change and “urban climate justice from below”.
Belief in the Utility of Cross-Partisan Empathy Reduces Partisan Animosity and Facilitates Political Persuasion
Authors: Santos Luiza A. , Voelkel Jan G. , Willer Robb , Zaki Jamil
Published: August 2022

In polarized political environments, partisans tend to deploy empathy parochially, furthering division. We propose that belief in the usefulness of cross-partisan empathy—striving to understand other people with whom one disagrees politically—promotes out-group empathy and has powerful ramifications for both intra- and interpersonal processes. Across four studies (total N = 4,748), we examined these predictions in online and college samples using surveys, social-network analysis, preregistered experiments, and natural-language processing. Believing that cross-partisan empathy is useful is associated with less partisan division and politically diverse friendship networks (Studies 1 and 2). When prompted to believe that empathy is a political resource—versus a political weakness—people become less affectively polarized (Study 3) and communicate in ways that decrease out-partisans’ animosity and attitudinal polarization (Study 4). These findings demonstrate that belief in cross-partisan empathy impacts not only individuals’ own attitudes and behaviors but also the attitudes of those they communicate with.
A review of cardiac blackleg in cattle, and report of 2 cases without skeletal muscle involvement in Argentina
Authors: Morrell Eleonora L. , Odriozola Ernesto , Dorsch Matías A. , Fiorentino María A. , Rivera María E. , Poppenga Robert , Navarro Mauricio A. , Uzal Francisco A. , Cantón Germán
Published: August 2022

Blackleg is an infectious disease caused by Clostridium chauvoei. Cardiac blackleg has been reported in ruminants as an uncommon presentation of the disease; its pathogenesis is not understood completely. We include here a literature review of cardiac blackleg and a description of 2 cases in 12–15-mo-old feedlot steers in Argentina. Fourteen of 1,190 steers died suddenly over a period of 10 d. Postmortem examinations were performed on 5 of these animals. Grossly, severe, diffuse, fibrinous pericarditis and pleuritis, multifocal necrohemorrhagic myocarditis, diffuse pulmonary congestion, mild splenomegaly, and moderate congestion of meningeal vessels were observed. No significant gross lesions were observed in the skeletal muscles of any animal. Histology was performed on 2 of the steers. The main microscopic features were necrotizing myocarditis with myriad intralesional gram-positive rods with subterminal spores plus fibrinosuppurative pericarditis and pleuritis. C. chauvoei was detected by immunohistochemistry and PCR in the myocardium of both animals. These findings confirm a diagnosis of cardiac blackleg in these 2 steers and presumptively in the other affected animals.
Developing a Research Program on Fatigue in Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with Cancer
Authors: Hinds Pamela S. , Hockenberry-Eaton Marilyn
Published: August 2022

Fatigue may be a universal experience for children and adolescents who are being treated for a malignancy. Sadly, it may also be the most unrecognized and thus unaddressed symptom experienced by this population. Giving adequate attention to this symptom has been stymied in part by the lack of a conceptual definition of fatigue in children and adolescents with cancer and the lack of a method to accurately measure their fatigue. This article provides a descriptive overview of a clinical research program on fatigue in children and adolescents with cancer that sought to develop conceptual and operational definitions of fatigue from the perspectives of the patient, parent, and staff. The link between these definitions and planned future fatigue intervention research is also described.
Men’s Reflections on Romantic Jealousy and Intimate Partner Violence in Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Aloyce Diana , Stöckl Heidi , Malibwa Donati , Peter Esther , Mchome Zaina , Dwarumpudi Annapoorna , Buller Ana Maria , Kapiga Saidi , Mshana Gerry
Published: August 2022

Romantic jealousy is a prominent trigger for intimate partner violence. Yet, there are few studies on this relationship in sub-Saharan Africa and none captures men's perspectives. To expand the existing knowledge on romantic jealousy and its relation to intimate partner violence, our study analyzed 30 in-depth interviews with male participants. Triggers of romantic jealousy included suspicion or confirmed infidelity, reduced attention from their partners, and challenges to male supremacy. Men reported that intimate partner violence was a frequently used response to triggers of romantic jealousy. Social norms and inequitable gender norms were key underlying factors to all those triggers.
Secure Attachment Relationships With Mothers, But Not Fathers, Moderate the Relation Between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Symptoms and Delinquency in Adolescents
Authors: Widmer Abigail , Havewala Mazneen , Bowker Julie C. , Rubin Kenneth H.
Published: August 2022

Objective:

The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether secure parent-adolescent attachment relationships moderate the longitudinal relation between 9th grade (G9) ADHD symptoms and 12th grade (G12) delinquency within a community sample of adolescents.

Method:

Participants included 335 9th graders, of whom 203 students completed measures again in 12th grade. Mothers reported on their adolescents’ ADHD symptoms and aggressive behaviors, and adolescents completed measures of their own delinquency and their perceptions of their parent-child attachment relationships.

Results:

G9 ADHD symptoms predicted increases in G12 delinquent behaviors. Moderation effects were also found such that G9 ADHD symptoms predicted G12 delinquency for only those youth who had moderate or low levels of secure maternal attachment. Paternal secure attachment did not moderate the effects of G9 ADHD symptoms on G12 delinquency.

Conclusion:

Findings underscore the importance of secure maternal attachment relationships in the development of delinquency among adolescents with ADHD symptoms.