bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mock interviews with video-stimulated recall to prepare medical students for residency interviews
Authors: Grimaldi Lisa , Hu Chengcheng , Kang Paul , Kaib Susan
Published: August 2018

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Purpose: The residency interview is the most important factor for residency program directors when deciding on how to rank medical student applicants. With the residency match becoming increasingly competitive, it is more important than ever for students to perform well in this high-stakes interview. Video-stimulated recall (VSR) has been shown to be an effective tool for facilitating reflection on performance and behaviors. As such, we conducted mock interviews with and without video-stimulated recall to gauge its effect on student perceptions of preparedness and confidence for residency interviews. Methods: Students completed a pre-mock interview survey followed by a video recorded interview with faculty. All students received verbal feedback on their performance immediately after the interview. Students were randomized to receive their feedback from their faculty interviewer either while reviewing their video or without the video review. Post-mock interview and post-residency interview surveys were completed. Wilcoxon signed-rank was used to compare median aggregate scores between pre/post surveys. Wilcoxon rank-sum was used to compare pre/post aggregate scores between the video review vs. no-video review groups. Results: 33 of 70 students participated (47%). 14 students (42%) reviewed their video and 19 (58%) received feedback without video. Likert scores for pre- and post-mock interview and post-residency interview surveys revealed median aggregate scores of 10 (interquartile range, or IQR=8,11), 12 (IQR=12,13), and 13 (IQR=12,13) (p <0.001, p<0.001). The change in median aggregate score between pre/post-mock interview surveys in the video review group vs. no-video review group was 3 (IQR=3,5) and 1 (IQR=0,3) (p<0.01) and from pre-mock interview to post-residency interview in the video review vs. no-video review groups was 3 (IQR=3,5) and 2 (IQR=1,4) (p=0.04). Conclusions: The mock interview for residency application improved students' perceptions of preparedness and confidence. Reviewing the video of the interview while receiving verbal feedback increased students' confidence in their interview skills.
The Promise of a National Education Service
Authors: Playfair Eddie
Published: August 2018

The proposed creation of a National Education Service (NES) for England offers us the possibility of a decisive break from the market paradigm, where education is seen as a commodity in mainly economic terms and where individual and institutional competition are regarded as the drivers
of improvement. Is the advocacy of an NES by the Labour Party a historic opportunity for English education, and what might the benefits and challenges of implementing such a proposal be?
A apresentação de uma tragédia: uma reflexão sobre os efeitos de sentido observados na postura dos apresentadores do Jornal Nacional durante a cobertura do acidente da Chapecoense
Authors: Negrini Michele , Roos Roberta
Published: August 2018

A tragédia, ocorrida com o time brasileiro da Associação Chapecoense de Futebol, chocou o mundo. A queda do avião que matou 71 pessoas foi noticiada pelos telejornais brasileiros desde as primeiras horas do dia. Diante de acontecimento tão significativo, buscamos neste artigo explorar a notícia através da observação dos efeitos de sentido encontrados no discurso emitido pelos apresentadores do Jornal Nacional. Baseando-se, para isso, na Análise de Discurso (AD) de linha francesa. Será levado em consideração elementos como: ideologia, memórias e silêncios presentes nos discursos pronunciados e interpretados por estes sujeitos, durante a cobertura da tragédia.
Multi-dimensional, time continuous ground reaction force vector analysis v1
Authors: Jane Hobbs Sarah , A Robinson Mark , M Clayton Hilary
Published: August 2018

This protocol describes a method of collecting, displaying and analysing ground reaction force (GRF) vector patterns in horses during locomotion. The method may be applied to other quadrupeds.
Current practice of organizing and financing the departmental healthcare system for the military in developed countries: a review
Authors: Bezdenezhnykh T. P. , Lukyantseva D. V.
Published: August 2018

Departmental medicine as a Russian-specific healthcare system is currently subject to broad discussions on whether its further support and financing is worthwhile. The Defense Ministry of the Russian Federation has one of the most developed healthcare systems in Russia and thus provides medical care to the military personnel and the veterans. This report aims to review the current practice of organizing and financing the medical assistance for the military in seven developed countries (USA, Uk, Canada, Germany, France, Finland and Singapore) in order to use their experience for the optimization of the Russian military departmental healthcare. This review covers the general principles of healthcare in these countries as well as the specific mechanisms of health care provision for the military.  The Departments of Defense in the reviewed counties have special agencies that provide medical services to the military personnel. The primary role of such agencies is to promote, protect and restore the health of servicemen and servicewomen and to ensure they are ready and fit to perform their missions.  As shown in the present review, the specific details of the medical assistance to the military differ between the countries and largely depend on the overall structure of the national healthcare system.
TANAP’IN ORTA ASYA VE AVRUPA ENERJİ PAZARLARINA ETKİSİ
Authors: Furuncu Yunus
Published: August 2018

Çalışmada tükettiği enerjinin büyük bir bölümünü
ithal eden Türkiye ile ihracat gelirinin yüzde seksen gibi yüksek oranda
enerjiden elde eden Azerbaycan'ın ortakları arasında oldukları TANAP Projesinin
iki ülke, Avrupa ve Orta Asya Devletleri  nasıl etkileyeceği incelenmektedir. Karşılıklı
bağımlılık yaklaşımıyla yapılan değerlendirme sonucu Türkiye ve Azerbaycan'ın
bu proje ile bölgesel öneminin atmakta olduğu görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda çalışmada
TANAP’ın Hazar ve Orta Asya enerji kaynaklarının dünyaya çıkış kapısı olduğunu
ve Avrupa'nın artacak enerji ihtiyacını karşılamada Orta Asya ülkelerindeki
enerji kaynaklarından yararlanma olasılığının attığı ve Türkiye ve Avrupa pazarındaki
Rus doğal gazını dengeleyebileceği ortaya konulmuştur
PENDEKATAN KUANTUM DALAM INTEGRASI AGAMA DAN SAINS NIDHAL GUESSOUM
Authors: Soleh Achmad Khudori
Published: August 2018

There are various thoughts on the integration of religion and science, such as the model i‘jâz al-Najjâr, the model of Islamization of al-Faruqi, Ijmâlî Sardar, the Islamic science of Husein Nasr and the universal science of ‘Abd al-Salâm. According to Nidhal, those thoughts still have weaknesses and can not be developed so it needs another alternative. Therefore, Nidhal offers a quantum approach to the integration of religion and modern science. It is based on three principles: non-contradictory principle, layered interpretation principle, falsifiable-theistic principle. The first one is as a basis to integrate religion and science, the next is treated to understand and interpret the sacred text (Qur’an) as the basis of religion, the latest is to ensure the pattern applied in science. Based on these principles, where there is a "movement" connecting religion and science, both religion and science become possible to be reconciled.
Aportes de la Lingüística a la Educación Histórica
Authors: Henríquez Rodrigo Fernando , Fuentes Cortés Miguel
Published: August 2018

El objetivo del presente artículo es reseñar los principales aportes de la lingüística a la enseñanza de la historia y evaluar su aporte al campo. De forma más específica, abordaremos las temáticas de la escritura histórica y las interacciones en la clase de historia. En la actualidad el conocimiento y las disciplinas están cada vez más abiertas al diálogo inter y transdisciplinario. En este contexto, la lingüística, ciencia  conocedora del lenguaje, ha permitido estudiar los como las comunidades científicas leen y escriben para construir su conocimiento. En el caso de la enseñanza de la historia en la escuela son variados los aportes de la lingüística. Entre ellos, hacer explícitas las formas de cómo la historia se enseña y se aprende desde las mediaciones del lenguaje. Para ello, se exponen algunos referentes como escuela de Sidney en Australia, Caroline Coffin, en Reino Unido, Mary Schleppegrell en Estados Unidos, y Teresa Oteíza, Mariana Achugar, y el grupo Urdimbre en Latinoamérica. Al reseñar algunas obras de estos autores estamos dando una cuenta panorámica de algunos de los focos que han tenido las investigaciones lingüísticas en la enseñanza de la historia en occidente hasta la fecha. Esperamos con este artículo motivar la interdisciplina y la creatividad para ocupar el lenguaje en nuestras clases de historia.
Los avatares de la educación militar en la Nueva Granada (1820-1855)
Authors: Prado Arellano Luis Ervin
Published: August 2018

Desde el inicio de formación del Estado-Nación en Colombia, los hombres vinculados al ejercicio de las armas hicieron esfuerzos por constituir una Escuela que coadyuvara a la profesionalización de oficiales para el ejército. No obstante, a lo largo de las siguientes décadas si bien se emitieron diversos proyectos de ley y se llegó a fundar un Colegio Militar (1848-54), el balance en general de crear un cuerpo de oficiales calificados, no fue satisfactorio. Pero, la lectura de Manuales Castrenses, la experiencia marcial, contribuyeron a la formación militar con cierta competencia, con matices profesionales. De esta manera, se relativiza la tesis historiografía que señala la ausencia de una fuerza armada profesional en la primera mitad del siglo XIX, por la carencia de una escuela técnica, pues desconoce que la formación militar -como aconteció en otras latitudes-, se hizo por vías educativas no formales un poco más complejos de rastrear.
CONCEPÇÕES DE DOCÊNCIA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL, ARTE E EDUCAÇÃO ESTÉTICA DE UM GRUPO DE PESQUISA: PANORAMA DE UM PERCURSO DE INVESTIGAÇÕES
Authors: Ogêda Guedes Adrianne Ogêda , Ferreira Michelle Dantas
Published: August 2018

Este ensaio foi realizado com o objetivo de propor um diálogo entre Arte e Educação. Abordando temas como a formação do professor da Educação Infantil e concepções de Educação Estética, fundamentado nas investigações que o grupo de pesquisa FRESTAS, ligado à Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, construiu nos últimos quatros anos (2014 a 2017). O artigo apresenta os percursos traçados pelo grupo, dando destaque ao conceito de estética, mais especificamente de Educação Estética, que vem subsidiando e constituindo as experiências pessoais e profissionais que se integram como focos de estudo. Trata-se do exercício de lançar um olhar panorâmico para o caminho trilhado na investigação desses temas, elucidando o contorno que hoje ele assume: a compreensão da dimensão estética da Educação, que abarca a Arte e amplia seu alcance.
ENSINO DA LITERATURA: A LEITURA DOS BONS AUTORES NA REVISTA ESCOLA SECUNDÁRIA (1957-1963)
Authors: Schmoeller Luci
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar artigos sobre o ensino de literatura no ensino secundário, publicados entre 1957 e 1963, na Escola Secundária, revista trimensal publicada pela Campanha de aperfeiçoamento e difusão do Ensino Secundário (CADES). Por um lado, procura compreender o que defendiam os autores desses textos sobre os objetivos do ensino da literatura; de outra parte, explora as opiniões dos articulistas acerca dos métodos de ensino para a literatura no secundário brasileiro. Para tanto, utilizamos as reflexões de André Chervel (1990) sobre as transformações das disciplinas-saber em perspectiva histórica, sendo ensejadas por professores e/ou por manuais escolares e periódicos educacionais.
Mecanismos cognitivos envolvidos na aquisição e processamento de construções passivas
Authors: Gabriel Rosângela
Published: August 2018

In this article hypothesis of how children acquire the passive constructions are discussed. Furthermore, results of four studies testing comprehension and production of passives in children and adults speakers of English and Portuguese  are described, showing that the proportion of passives usage presents significant variation depending on the subject native language and age.
Aspectos cognitivos e pragmáticos das construções condicionais contrafactuais.
Authors: Meireles Fernanda Aparecida Raposo
Published: August 2018

This paper taker a sociocognitive approach on conditional counterfactual constructions in Brazilian Portuguese. Following work on Construction Grammar (Fillmore & Kay 1993, Goldberg1995), it is argued that tense and mood are related to contextually determined phenomena such as epistemic stance and epistemicdistance. The main argument is that past morphology is responsible for hypothetical or counterfactual interpretations. Moreover, this fact shows the interaction between verbs and constructions, confirming the Construction Grammar’s viewpoint.
Wealth Discrimination Theory
Authors: Edward Curtis Jr. James
Published: August 2018

One approach to analyzing inequality is to compare average economic choices from a classical theoretical framework. Another approach considers the impact of the formation of society, through statutes and institutions, on average economic outcomes. This paper studies the effects of slavery on black-white wealth inequality upon the emancipation of slaves in the US using historical data. The purpose of wealth has varied from over time. From an economics perspective, wealth is the accumulation of resources that have market value and can be liquidated for present and future consumption. This study proceeds based on the most measurable assumption: households reside in a country with a mixed economy of markets and social planning, such that they have an incentive to accumulate material wealth for intertemporal household consumption and social influence. Becker (1957) and Arrow (1972) developed the most general theories of wage discrimination and favoritism. Oaxaca (1973) and Blinder (1973) have mechanized their theories for empirical analysis. While their findings are insightful, they cannot be directly applied to studying wealth differences since wealth is a complex combination of wages and other variables. Finally, since unexplained differences in states that abolished slavery after the Civil War were 10 percent higher than unexplained effects in states that abolished slavery well before the Civil War and the magnitudes of the unexplained effects were similar over the long-run, we cannot reject the existence of a negatively bounded correlation between the duration of time from enslavement and the magnitude of unexplained differences in wealth. This research was funded in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant SES 0096414. I would like to thank John Ham, Richard Steckel, Randall Olsen, Bruce Weinberg, Audrey Light, Nori Hashimoto, James Peck, Patricia Reagan, Charles Kirwin, Rebecca Blank, Charles Betsey, Alvin Thornton, Leibert Morris, Maude Toussaint-Comeau, Simone Wegge, James Wilbanks, Thomas Maloney, and William Collins for their insightful comments. I would also like to thank participants in workshops and seminars at the Ohio State University, Howard University, University of Michigan, American Economic Association Summer Program and Pipeline Conferences, Western Economics Association International meetings, and Social Science History Association meetings. I would also like to thank James Curtis Sr, K D Curtis, Karen Curtis (deceased), Lariece Grant-Brown, Barbara Broadnax, Dwayne Broadnax, Rudy Broadnax, Zee Curtis-Grant, Raymond Tillery, Chris Cooper, Dr. K A Troy, Dr. H. Beecher Hicks, Reverend Charles Lewis, Reverend Cornelius Wheeler, Reverend James Lewis, Elder David Treadwell, Dr. Stephen Tucker and Roberta Tucker, Minister Charles Webb, Minister David Surles, and Elder Gregory Strong for their support. This draft is a revision of a November 2010 paper and August 2001 paper.
Intersectoral and Intermunicipal Cooperation as a Tool of Supporting Local Economic Development: Selected Examples from the Forest and Wood-Based Sector in Poland
Authors: Wanat Leszek , Potkanski Tomasz , Chudobiecki Jan , Mikolajczak Elzbieta , Mydlarz Katarzyna
Published: August 2018

Intersectoral and intermunicipal cooperation are still underdeveloped spheres of public and economic development policies. Academic discussions are invariably focused on pro-competitive activities, the economic efficiency of which is not always sufficient. In this paper the authors attempt to identify factors leading to cooperation between local government authorities and economic entities, focusing on examples from the forest and wood-based sector in Poland. These processes are analysed in the framework of the New Institutional Economy, both in the theoretical and practical context.
Design and Implementation of Respiration Rate Measurement System Using Information Filter on Embedded Device
Authors: Prasetiyo Radius Bhayu , Choi Kyu-Sang , Yang Gi-Hun
Published: August 2018

In this work, an algorithm was developed to measure the respiration rate for an embedded device that can be used by a field robot for relief operation. With this algorithm, the rate measurement was calculated based on direct influences of respiratory-induced intensity variation (RIIV) on blood flow in cardiovascular pathways. For that, a photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor was used to determine changes in heartbeat frequencies. The PPG sensor readings were filtered using an Information Filter and a Fast Fourier transform (FFT) to determine the state of RIIV. With a relatively light initialization, the information filter can estimate unknown variables based on a series of measurements containing noise and other inaccuraties. Therefore, this filter is suitable for application on an embedded device. For faster calculation time in the implementation, the FFT analysis was calculated only for a major peak in the frequency domain. Test and measurement of respiration rate was conducted based on the device algorithm and spirometer. Heartbeat measurement was also evaluated by comparing the heartbeat data of the PPG sensor and the medical tool kit. Based on the test, the implemented algorithm can measure respiration rate with about 80% accuracy compared with the spirometer.
Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria Probiotic Strains Improve Glycemic and Inflammation Profiles in Obesity Model in Mice
Authors: Lazarenko Liudmyla , Melnikova O. , Babenko Lidiia , Bubnov Rostyslav , Beregova Tetiana , Falalyeyeva Tetiana , Spivak Mykola
Published: August 2018

Introduction. The use of probiotics demonstrate efficacy against obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Detection effective probiotic strains for hyperglycemia and immunity associated with is important task. The aim of the study was to evaluate an influence of Lactobacillus casei IMV B-7280 separately and composition L. casei IMV B-7280 / Bifidobacterium animalis VKB / B. animalis VKL on the levels of blood glucose and immunity in obese mice. Meterials and methods. Obesity was induced by fat-enriched diet (FED) in male BALB/c mice. Obese mice were transferred to standard diet and received per os probiotic strains daily during 10 days. We measured tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) in blood serum using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and functional activity of peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEMs). Glucose levels in blood was defined with glucometer. Results. We ascertained that all probiotic strains induced reducing mice weight and visceral fat, normalization of TNF-a production and functional activity of PEMs. Treatment with L. casei IMV B-7280 was associated with decreasing blood glucose levels. No normalization of glucose and TNF-a levels in obese mice, transferred to standard diet without probiotic treatment, although we revealed decreasing their weight and visceral fat and partial recover of functional activity of PEMs. Conclusions. Probiotic strain L. casei IMV B-7280 (separately) and composition L. casei IMV B-7280 / B. animalis VKB / B. animalis VKL can re-equilibrate metabolic and inflammation indices in mouse obesity model. L. casei IMV B-7280 alone was more efficient in decreasing glucose levels than composition of strains.
Low infection of Phelipanche aegyptiaca in Micro-Tom mutants deficient in CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 8
Authors: Hasegawa Shoko , Tsutsumi Takuya , Fukushima Shunsuke , Okabe Yoshihiro , Saito Junna , Katayama Mina , Shindo Masato , Yamada Yusuke , Shimomura Koichiro , Yoneyama Kaori , Akiyama Kohki , Aoki Koh , Ariizumi Tohru , Ezura Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Shinjiro , Umehara Mikihisa
Published: August 2018

Strigolactones (SLs), a group of plant hormones, induce germination of root-parasitic plants and inhibit shoot branching in many plants. Shoot branching is an important trait that affects the number and quality of flowers and fruits. Root-parasitic plants such as Phelipanche spp. infect tomato roots and cause economic damage in Europe and North Africa. Thus, resistant tomato cultivars are needed. In this study, we found carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 8-defective mutants of Micro-Tom tomato (slccd8) by the “targeting induced local lesions in genomes” (TILLING) method. The mutants showed excess branching, which was suppressed by exogenously applied SL. Grafting shoot scions of the slccd8 mutants onto wild-type (WT) rootstocks restored normal branching in the scions. The levels of endogenous orobanchol and solanacol in WT were enough detectable, whereas that in the slccd8 mutants were below the detection limit of quantification analysis. Accordingly, root exudates of the slccd8 mutants hardly stimulated seed germination of root parasitic plants. In addition, SL deficiency did not critically affect the fruit traits of Micro-Tom. Using a rhizotron system, we also found that Phelipanche aegyptiaca infection was lower in the slccd8 mutants than in wild-type Micro-Tom because of the low germination. We propose that the slccd8 mutants might be useful as new tomato lines resistant to P. aegyptiaca.
Suitability of the Electrical Coupling in Solar Cell Thermoelectric Hybridization
Authors: Lorenzi Bruno , Acciarri Maurizio , Narducci Dario
Published: August 2018

It is well known that the major constrain to the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) devices comes from the generation of unused heat. In this context, thermoelectric generators have been proposed as a viable heat recovery solution, leading to an increase of the overall efficiency. Within this kind of hybrid solutions, the PV and TEG parts can be either electrically separated or connected in the same circuit. In the second case, the presence of the TEG in series to the PV cell can lead to electrical losses. In this work we analyze the effect of various parameters on the output power of electrically hybridized HTEPV systems by means of both electrical measurements and simulations. The results reveal that while electrical lossless condition exists (as also reported in previous work) it not always corresponds to significant power gains respect with the sole PV case. In addition, the strong temperature sensitivity of the lossless condition makes the electrical hybridization hardly practically implementable. This sensitivity in the framework of an actual application scenario, where the solar radiation is variable over time, would make the system working often in a suboptimal regime. The present study gives a new understanding on the actual applicability of electrically hybridized HTEPV devices.
Organochlorine Pollutants within a Polythermal Glacier in the Interior Eastern Alaska Range
Authors: Miner Kimberley R. , Campbell Seth , Gerbi Christopher , Lilijedahl Anna , Anderson Therese , Perkins B. Lewis , Bernsen Steven , Gatesman Tiffany , Kreutz Karl J.
Published: August 2018

To assess the presence of organochlorine pollutants (OCP) in Alaskan sub-Arctic latitudes, we analyzed ice core and meltwater samples from Jarvis Glacier, a polythermal glacier in Interior Alaska. Jarvis Glacier is receding as atmospheric warming continues throughout the region, increasing opportunity for OCP transport both englacially and into the proglacial watershed. Across all meltwater and ice core samples we identify the pesticides DDT, DDE and DDD, α- HCH and ϒ-HCH. OCP concentrations in ice core samples were highest at the 7-14 m depth (0.51 ng/L of DDT) and decreased gradually approaching the bedrock at 79m. Meltwater concentrations from the proglacial creek slightly exceeded concentrations found in the ice core, potentially indicating aggregate OCP glacial loss, with peak OCP concentration (1.12 ng/L of DDD) taken in July and potentially associated to peak melt. Ongoing use of DDT to fight Malaria in Asia, and the extended atmospheric range of HCH may account for concentrations in near-surface ice, correlating with use and atmospheric transport. The opportunity for biota bioaccumulation of OCPs, or human uptake of OCPs from glacial meltwater, may increase as glacial melt continues.
Morphological Indices as Urban Planning Tools in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Silva Ivanize , Santos Rafael , Lopes António , Araújo Virgínia
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this article is to analyze urban form through the mapping of morphological indices, namely impervious surface fraction, building density, verticality, height/width ratio, roughness length, and porosity, to support urban planning in the city of João Pessoa, PB, in northeastern Brazil. The application of this study identifies and calculates such significant indices for the city's urban space from a Geographic Information System (GIS) model. The spatial indices play notable roles in climate at different scales, developing guidelines to maximize environmental quality, promote improvements to thermal comfort, minimize the urban heat island in the city of João Pessoa, and provide relevant data (considering microclimate aspects), guiding decisions related to the planning process.
High Gas Hydrate and Free Gas Concentrations: An Explanation for Seeps Offshore South Mocha Island
Authors: Vargas-Cordero Iván , Tinivella Umberta , Villar-Muñoz Lucía , Bento Joaquim P.
Published: August 2018

Recent studies have reported shallow and deep seep areas offshore Mocha island. Gas hydrate occurrences along the Chilean margin could explain seeps presence. Gas phases (gas hydrate and free gas) and geothermal gradients were estimated analysing two seismic sections. Close to Mocha island (up to 20 km) were detected high (up to 1900 m/s) and low (1260 m/s) velocities associated with high gas hydrate (up to 20 % of total volume) and free gas (up to 1.1% of total volume) concentrations respectively. These values are in agreement with a variable and high geothermal gradient (65 to 110 °C/km) related to high supply deep fluids canalised by faults and fractures. Faraway from Mocha island (more than 60 km), free gas concentrations decrease to 0.3 % of total volume and low geothermal gradient (from 35 to 60 °C/km) are associated with low fluids supply. Finally, we propose gas hydrate dissociation processes as the main supply source for seeps in the vicinity of Mocha island. These processes can be triggered by ancient sliding reported in literature.
The Influence of Geotextile Type and Position in a Porous Asphalt Pavement System on Pb(II) Removal from Stormwater
Authors: Zhao Yao , Zhou Shuyu , Zhao Chen , Valeo Caterina
Published: August 2018

Porous asphalt (PA) pavement systems with and without a geotextile layer were investigated in laboratory experiments to determine the impacts of the geotextile layer on processes leading to lead ion (Pb2+) removal from stormwater runoff. Two types of geotextile membranes placed separately at upper and lower levels within the PA systems were tested in an artificial rainfall experiment using synthetic rainwater. The effect of storage capacity within the system on Pb2+ removal was also investigated. Results indicated that the use of a geotextile layer resulted in a longer delay to the onset of effluent. The non-woven geotextile membrane placed below the reservoir course improved the Pb2+ removal rate by 20% over removal efficiency of the system using a woven geotextile placed just below the surface but before the choker course. Pb2+ ions were reduced by over 98% in the effluent after being held for 24 hours in reservoir storage. Results suggest that temporary storage of stormwater in the reservoir course of a PA system is essential to improving Pb2+ ion removal capability.
The Effect of Pain Relief on Daily Physical Activity: in-Home Objective Physical Activity Assessment in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients after Paravertebral Spinal Block
Authors: Chuan Yen Tzu , Mohler Jane , Dohm Michael , Laksari Kaveh , Najafi Bijan , Toosizadeh Nima
Published: August 2018

Abstract: This study evaluates the effect of paravertebral spinal injection (PSI), utilizing both subjective and objective assessments in chronic low back pain (LBP) associated with facet joint arthrosis over a one-month duration. Subjective questionnaires included the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, Oswestry Disability Index, Health Survey SF-12, and the short Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I). Objective assessments included in-clinic gait and timed-up-and-go (TUG) tests using wearable sensors, as well as 48-hour daily physical activity (DPA) monitored using a chest-worn tri-axial accelerometer. Subjective and objective measures were performed prior to treatment, immediately after the treatment, and one-month afterthe treatment. Eight LBP patients were recruited for this study (mean age = 54±13 years, body mass index = 31.41±6.52 kg/m2, 50% males). Results show significant decrease in pain (~55%, p<0.05) and disability (Oswestry scores, ~21%, p<0.05). In-clinic gait and TUG were also significantly improved (~16% and ~18% faster walking and shorter TUG, p<0.05); however, DPA (including percentage of physical activities (walking and standing) and the number of steps) showed no significant change after PSI (p>0.25; effect size≤0.44). We hypothesize that DPA may continue to be truncated by conditioned fear-avoidance, a psychological state that may prevent increase in daily physical activity to avoid pain.
Applications of Oxygen-Carrying Micro/Nanobubbles: a Potential Approach to Enhance Photodynamic Therapy and Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Khan M. Saad , Hwang Jangsun , Lee Kyungwoo , Choi Yonghyun , Kim Kyobum , Koo Hyung-Jun , Hong Jong Wook , Choi Jonghoon
Published: August 2018

Microbubbles and nanobubbles can be prepared using various shells, such as phospholipids, polymers, proteins, and surfactants. They are echogenic and can be used as contrast agents for ultrasonic and photoacoustic imaging. These bubbles can be engineered in various sizes as vehicles for gas and drug delivery applications with novel properties and flexible structures. Hypoxic areas in tumors develop owing to an imbalance of oxygen supply and demand. In tumors, hypoxic regions have shown more resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapies. The efficacy of photodynamic therapy depends on the availability of oxygen in the tumor to generate reactive oxygen species. Micro/nanobubbles have been shown to reverse hypoxic conditions and increase tissue oxygen levels. This review summarizes the synthesis methods and shell compositions of micro/nanobubbles and methods deployed for oxygen delivery. In addition, the shortcomings and prospects of engineering micro/nanobubbles are discussed for their potential use in photodynamic therapy.
Choosing the Optimal Multi-Point Iterative Method for the Colebrook Flow Friction Equation – Numerical Validation
Authors: Praks Pavel , Brkić Dejan
Published: August 2018

The Colebrook equation ζ is implicitly given in respect to the unknown flow friction factor λ ;  λ=ζ(Re,ε*,λ) which cannot be expressed explicitly in exact way without simplifications and use of approximate calculus. Common approach to solve it is through the Newton-Raphson iterative procedure or through the fixed-point iterative procedure. Both requires in some case even eight iterations. On the other hand numerous more powerful iterative methods such as three-or two-point methods, etc. are available. The purpose is to choose optimal iterative method in order to solve the implicit Colebrook equation for flow friction accurately using the least possible number of iterations. The methods are thoroughly tested and those which require the least possible number of iterations to reach the accurate solution are identified. The most powerful three-point methods require in worst case only two iterations to reach final solution. The recommended representatives are Sharma-Guha-Gupta, Sharma-Sharma, Sharma-Arora, Džunić-Petković-Petković; Bi-Ren-Wu, Chun-Neta based on Kung-Traub, Neta, and Jain method based on Steffensen scheme. The recommended iterative methods can reach the final accurate solution with the least possible number of iterations. The approach is hybrid between iterative procedure and one-step explicit approximations and can be used in engineering design for initial rough, but also for final fine calculations.
Outstanding Videogames on Water: a Quality Assessment Review Based on Evidences of Narrative, Gameplay & Didactic Criteria
Authors: Galván-Pérez Laura , Ouariachi Tania , Pozo-Llorente Mª Teresa , Gutiérrez-Pérez José
Published: August 2018

Videogames have become educational, communicative and social tools among the youngest, favouring the acquisition of skills, abilities and values, encompassing an endless number of themes, and help to experience and to face, in the first person, a great diversity of environmental situations and ecology problems. Thus, the present article aims: a) the evaluation of a sample of 20 educational videogames about water, making use of some empirical criteria of quality; and b) the design, validation and application of an integrate quality indicator of educational videogames on water, based on the aspects of narrative, gameplay and didactics to that sample, which allows us to obtain a ranking. The findings reflect a ranking of games allows to suggest that the nature of the game (simulation, adventures, platforms or questions) does not determine the quality of the game, although generally simulations and adventure games are placed in a range of medium or high quality, as well as those games that pursue objectives related to the design and management of a territory in a sustainable way. The paper provides teachers with quality criteria based on narrative and gameplay that complement and enriches the pedagogical dimension.
The Rate of Venous Thromboembolism Before and After Spine Surgery as Determined with Indirect Multidetector CT
Authors: Inoue Hirokazu , Watanabe Hideaki , Okami Hitoshi , Kimura Atsushi , Takeshita Katsushi
Published: August 2018

Background:

This prospective cohort study investigated the rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) before and after spine surgery as determined with use of indirect multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).

Methods:

We performed a prospective study of 105 patients (36 women and 69 men ranging in age from 38 to 88 years) undergoing spine surgery at 2 institutions. Indirect MDCT was performed before and 3 days after surgery. Patients with a history of dialysis or drug allergy to contrast medium were excluded.

Results:

No patient had symptomatic VTE preoperatively or postoperatively. The preoperative and postoperative rates of asymptomatic VTE were 4.8% and 13.0%, respectively; the rates of asymptomatic pulmonary embolism were 2.9% and 8.0%, respectively; and the rates of asymptomatic deep venous thrombosis were 3.8% and 6.0%, respectively. Age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, operative time, volume of intraoperative blood loss, and specific comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, cardiac disease, previous VTE, and previous anticoagulation treatment) were not found to be risk factors.

Conclusions:

Our findings demonstrated a low rate of preoperative VTE but a high rate of postoperative VTE in association with spine surgery. Surgeons need to be aware of the risk of VTE in patients undergoing spine surgery. MDCT is an effective and convenient technology for the early detection of VTE in such patients.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Tooth surface friction and its influence on dynamic transmission error of double power input transmission system
Authors: Jin G. H. , Yang H. Y. , Zhu R. P.
Published: August 2018

According to the meshing characteristics of spur gears and helical gears, calculation formulas of time varying friction stiffness and friction torque coefficient are derived. Based on the theory of the concentrated parameter, considering the influence of the time-varying coefficient of friction, time-varying meshing stiffness and the integrated error of the integrated, a three-dimensional dynamic model for a double power input transmission system with multi degrees of freedom and variable parameters was developed, including the flexional, torsional and axial motions. The Fourier series method is used to solve the equations by transforming the time varying system into a linear time invariant system, and the total system response of the system is obtained after the superposition of each order excitation response. The change law of friction torque coefficient and friction stiffness is obtained too. The results show that the friction stiffness curve of herringbone gear changes gently without mutations, and the direction is constant which what makes the resultant friction force direction be of the friction no unchanged. The tooth surface roughness has a certain influence on the dynamic transmission error. The first and second harmonic order frequencies of the split torque stage gears have an important influence on the dynamic transmission errors.
Research on transverse distribution coefficient of external prestressing and carbon fiber reinforced beam
Authors: Zhong Chunling , Cong Xiaohui , Zhang Yunlong , Wang Jing
Published: August 2018

In order to analyze the integral forced performance of external prestressing and carbon fiber reinforced beam, the analytical solution of the carbon fiber-concrete composite beams under the vertical concentrated load and external prestressing was derived in this article based on the classical theory of elasticity and contact. The deflection curve equation and the transverse distributing influence lines of simply supported beam after the joint reinforcement were obtained based on the eccentric compression method, and the results of simply supported beams with or without joint reinforcement were compared. The results show that the integral forced performance of external prestressing and carbon fiber reinforced beam was effectively improved, and the new calculation method of transverse distribution factors has a practical value.
Multi-state reliability analysis of rotor system using Semi-Markov model and UGF
Authors: Ding Feng , Han Shuai
Published: August 2018

In order to accurately reflect the performance degradation law of the aero-engine rotor system during its life span, a novel multi-state reliability analysis method for rotor system is proposed. The method is based on the combination of the Semi-Markov model with UGF technique. The Semi-Markov model is used to describe the performance degradation process of the components of the rotor system. The UGF technique is utilized to exhibit the relationship between the state performance and the performance probability of the components. Furthermore, the UGF of the entire rotor system is obtained by simplifying the system structure with the modularized method. Therefore, the reliability of the rotor system at different task performance levels can be evaluated easily. A practical case study based on a turboprop engine rotor system is performed to illustrate the implementation and efficiency of the proposed reliability analysis method. Meanwhile, compared with the conventional method, the analysis results indicate that the proposed method can reflect the performance degradation process of the rotor system more veritably and effectively.
Multi-field coupling dynamic response analysis of pipelines with double corrosion defects under seismic loading in cold regions
Authors: Li Qiao Zhen , Liu Yang , Wei Li Xin , Luo Min
Published: August 2018

Multi-field coupling system in the paper is composed of the corroded pipelines, fluid, heat preservation layers and frost -heaving soil, and the buried pipelines are inevitable to be affected by earthquakes, but few studies have been done on corroded pipelines in multi-field coupling under seismic loading in cold regions. The paper analyzes the dynamic response of the pipelines under seismic loading. Method by FEM (finite element method), the three-dimensional multi-field coupling mechanics model has been established for analysis, based on a thermal-fluid-solid multi-field coupling analysis theory, considering the actual stress-strain characteristics of the pipeline steel and the frost heaving force of soil. Meanwhile, the influences of fluid pressure, fluid temperature, corrosion defects and seismic waves on the mechanical properties of the pipelines are then discussed. The results show that: the relative corrosion depth, fluid pressure and fluid temperature have obvious influence on the mechanical properties of corroded pipelines; other factors are relatively weak; the properties of corroded pipelines do not change with different seismic loading. For the corroded pipelines in cold regions, the factors which have obvious influence on the mechanical properties of pipelines should be monitored intensely.
Bispectral dynamics features for characterizing structural fatigue damage
Authors: Xu Y. M. , Ding K. Q. , Cao M. S. , Manoach E.
Published: August 2018

Fatigue damage is a type of damage usually occurring to repeatedly loaded elements of structures in various engineering fields. Accumulation of fatigue damage may cause failure of structural elements. Identification of incipient fatigue damage is essential to ensure safety of structures. Fatigue crack under repeated loads commonly behaves in a nonlinear dynamic manner, typically manifested by both occurrence of higher harmonic components and interaction of harmonic components. Interrogation of nonlinear dynamic manner provides a promising way to characterize structural fatigue damage. This study aims at developing a new method to interrogate nonlinear dynamic manner for fatigue damage identification. This method is based on bispectral analysis of structural vibrational responses. This method portrays fatigue damage by inspecting the presence of higher harmonic components and quantifying the interaction of these harmonic components. The method can precisely locate and quantify a small-sized fatigue damage in a cantilever beam, presenting great accuracy in fatigue damage identification.
Sistem Surveilans Gizi Buruk Kabupaten Temanggung (Studi Tahun 2017)
Authors: Khasanah Faridatun , Mualim Khabib , Pramono Dibyo
Published: August 2018

Latar belakangPada tahun 2014 dan sebelumnya kasus gizi buruk di Kabupaten Temanggung masih tinggi, tetapi mulai tahun 2015 kasus gizi buruk di Kabupaten Temanggung menunjukan menurunan yang signifikan. Pada tahun 2014 jumlah kasus gizi buruk mencapai 220 kasus, turun menjadi 25 kasus pada tahun 2015 dan 17 kasus pada tahun 2016. Untuk mengetahui bagaiaman pelaksanaan sistem surveilans gizi buruk yang ada di Kabupaten Temanggung, perlu diadakan evaluasi sistem surveilans gizi buruk.MetodeMetode penelitian descriptive research. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampel yaitu terdapat 26 reponden yang terdiri dari 25 puskesmas dan dinas kesehatan (25 responden petugas gizi puskesmas dan 1 responden petugas gizi dinas kesehatan). Penilaian pada kualitas sistem surveilans untuk mendeteksi gizi buruk secara cepat. Poin utama yang menjadi penilaian adalah Timeliness (tepat waktu), dan Completeness (kelengkapan). HasilPelaporan keseluruhan (100%) menggunakan sistem online dengan aplikasi Sistem Informasi Pelaporan Terpadu (SIPT) yang di kembangkan oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Temanggung. Sistem SIPT tersebut mempermudah dinas kesehatan untuk mengingatkan saat mendekati deadline pengumpulan laporan, sehingga mayoritas (88%) laporan dapat dikumpulkan tepat waktu (timeliness). Setiap pelaporan mendapat feedback berupa kroscek ulang terkait data dari dinas kesehatan, sehingga seluruh (100%) laporan lengkapan.SimpulanSistem surveilans gizi buruk yang ada di Kabupaten Temanggung sudah tepat waktu dan lengkap dalam menemukan kasus gizi buruk. Beberapa hal yang dapat dijadikan pelajaran bagi kabupaten lain dalam pengelolaan sistem surveilans gizi buruk diantaranya adalah adanya motivasi petugas dan upaya mempermudah pelaporan medukung dalam meningkatkan suatu sistem surveilans.
Breastfeeding pattern based on nutritional status in 6-12 months old infants
Authors: Cerdasari Carissa
Published: August 2018

Background: Malnutrition especially undernutrition is still concern for public health problems.Underweight in children will disrupt the learning process due to interference with the development of intelligence, more susceptible to infection and increase disease severity, to increase mortality. Objective: This study was conducted to asses the difference breastfeeding patterns include the breastmilk only duration and daily breastfeeding frequencies based on nutritional status in 6-12 months old infants. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, mothers (n=60) of infants aged 6-12 months old were recruited. The infant’s nutritional status was determined anthropometrically by 3 indexes ie body weight for age, length for age, and weight for length. Breastfeeding patterns include the breastmilk only duration and daily breastfeeding frequencies is obtained by interview and by 2x24 hour daily breastfeeding form. Kruskal-wallis test were used to evaluate the difference breastfeeding patterns based on nutritional status. Results: The average of brestmilk only duration was 3,21±2,41 months, and the average of daily breastfeeding frequencies was 12,46±3,8 times a day. Most of the respondents were in normal nutritional status (86,67% for W/A, 83,3% for L/A, and 85,0% for W/L). There were no difference in breastfeeding patterns either on breastmilk only durations or on daily breastfeeding frequencies based on nutritional status in 6-12 months old infants (p>0,05).Conclusion: Infant's nutritional status is determined more by the daily energy consumption of all infant foods, not only from breastmilk but also from complementary food.