bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AIE‐Active CO₂‐Based Polycarbonate: A Fluorescent Probe for Sensitive Detection of Mn(VII), Cr(VI)
Authors: Liu Xin‐Yi , Wang Wen‐Zhen , Jia Xin‐Gang , Wang Qian , Huang Qing , Li Lei‐Lei , Mao Zheng‐Hao , Zhang Da‐Ke , Chen Huan‐Ping , Zheng Xin‐Peng , Zhao Chen‐
Published: January 2025

Excessive Mn(VII) and Cr(VI) ions threaten environmental safety and public health. As a result, effective environmental water quality monitoring is required, and the development of materials for rapid and precise detection of hazardous ions in aqueous solutions is imperative. In this study, carbon dioxide‐based polycarbonates containing tetraphenylethylene skeletons‐based groups (herein referred to as PPCTs) were synthesized in an unprecedented one‐pot method using 4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylethenyl) phenol (T) as the monomer with carbon dioxide and propylene oxide. Fluorescence characterization indicated that modified PPCT retained the aggregation‐induced luminescence properties of T. A significant overlap was observed between the ultraviolet absorption bands of the polymer and the MnO42−, and Cr2O72− ions, inducing an internal filter effect that resulted in fluorescence quenching of the PPCT solution. The probe demonstrated specific selectivity against interference, as well as high sensitivity toward these anions, with limits of detection as low as 47.8 nM, 0.438 μM, and 1.12 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the modified PPCT demonstrated enhanced thermal properties compared with those of conventional PPC materials, which are crucial for its application in harsh environments. This innovative material synthesized using CO2 offers a new approach to ion detection in real samples and broadens the scope of poly(propylene carbonate) in fluorescence sensing applications.
Exploring Patient‐Related Contextual Factors and Personal Reflections About the Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) Intervention for Adults With Advanced Cancer in Metropolitan and Non‐Metropolitan Southern Alberta: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Sears Carly , Strohschein Fay , Patten Scott , Feldstain Andrea , Simon Jessica , de Groot Janet
Published: January 2025

Background

The evidence‐based Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) psychotherapeutic intervention was designed to address the complex needs of those with advanced cancer. Ample evidence supports the efficacy of CALM therapy; less is known about the patient‐specific factors that influence initiation and continuation of CALM sessions.

Aims

To gain understanding of patient‐specific factors and referral routes that influence initiation and continuation of CALM.

Methods

An Interpretive Description framework and concurrent triangulation mixed‐methods design was used to analyse baseline patient‐specific variables for prediction of engagement (number of sessions) in CALM following recruitment from cancer centres, palliative care services, and community cancer care organisations across Southern Alberta, Canada. Patient input (n = 10) occurred through semi‐structured interviews exploring experiences with advanced cancer, CALM referral and engagement.

Results

Among consented individuals (n = 69), those directly referred by healthcare providers (HCPs) and self‐referred (total n = 32), engaged in more CALM sessions (M = 4.97, SD = 3.51) than those referred indirectly (M = 3.19, SD = 2.26, p < 0.05), particularly younger participants (< 65 years) and those with longer life expectancy (> 10 months). Participants chose CALM based on experiences of distress, wanting to talk openly, and expecting benefit.

Conclusions

Greater patient engagement in the CALM intervention following HCPs' direct referrals may be based on trust in the HCP‐patient relationship, and accurately prognosticating sufficient physical well‐being for participation and benefit. Future health systems research may evaluate systematic programing with offering CALM referrals following an advanced cancer diagnosis.
A Multimethod Investigation of the Lake Agnes Rock Glacier, Colorado, USA
Authors: Rick Brianna , McGrath Daniel , Lehmann Benjamin , Fegel Timothy , Williams Keith , Anderson Suzanne
Published: January 2025

Rock glaciers are important headwater landforms that play a key role in alpine hydrology. North American rock glaciers are estimated to contain the third largest water volume equivalent globally, and over 3800 rock glaciers have been mapped in Colorado alone. However, these features are often overlooked in alpine water budgets. In this study, we present initial results using geophysical, hydrochemical, and repeat structure from motion data to investigate the ice presence, downslope movement, and influence on stream chemistry of the Lake Agnes rock glacier in the northern Front Range, Colorado, USA. We measured an average velocity of 23 ± 4 cm year−1 in the upper 400 m of the rock glacier, with maximum velocities up to 36 ± 4 cm year−1. Rock glacier–fed streams (n = 2) near the spring remained below 2.5°C throughout the summer, mixed‐source streams (n = 3) remained below 3.5°C, and a non–rock glacier stream (n = 1) reached 13.5°C. Rock glacier streams additionally recorded elevated ion concentrations and pH relative to the mixed‐source and lake–fed streams. Geophysical surveys suggest that the rock glacier has an internal structure consisting of a ~3‐m‐thick active layer, underlain by an ice‐poor layer up to 10 m thick and by an ice‐rich layer up to 18 m thick, with total rock glacier thickness between 20 and 30 m. This study supports the presence of ice within the Lake Agnes rock glacier and documents the rock glacier's influence on basin hydrochemistry. In many basins, including Lake Agnes, the reduced climate sensitivity of rock glaciers and their sustained cold‐water input to mountain streams will likely provide a refuge for cold‐water species in a warming climate.
Scale‐by‐scale budget of turbulence kinetic energy in the convective atmospheric boundary layer: Analysis of structure functions
Authors: Nowak Jakub L. , Wacławczyk Marta , Vassilicos John. C. , Król Stanisław , Malinowski Szymon P.
Published: January 2025

We investigate the scale‐by‐scale budget of turbulence kinetic energy in convective atmospheric boundary layers using airborne measurements performed in the shallow trade‐wind regime over the ocean by the ATR 42 aircraft during the Elucidating the Role of Cloud–Circulation Coupling in Climate (EUREC4A) measurement campaign. The simple and repeatable flight pattern sampled four altitude levels: near‐surface, the middle and top of the subcloud layer, and the cloud base. This approach provides acceptable statistical convergence, including mixed velocity–temperature and third‐order velocity structure functions. The scale‐by‐scale budget obtained from the data is approximately closed up to length‐scales of about 200 m at all four levels. At the near‐surface and mid‐subcloud levels, the buoyancy forcing supplies energy to the largest scales and becomes negligible at smaller scales. As a result, Kolmogorov equilibrium is observed over a wide range of scales, from a few to about 100 m. On the other hand, at the top‐subcloud and cloud‐base levels, the budget at scales above 10 m is far from Kolmogorov equilibrium, with a significant contribution of buoyancy forcing and turbulent transport. The contribution to the buoyancy forcing related to humidity variations is substantial and strictly positive at all four levels, even at the cloud base, where it balances the negative contribution related to temperature only.
A Regional Analysis of Trace Element Water Chemistry With Applications for Reconstructing Environmental Life History of Fishes
Authors: Hamel Martin J. , Gerrin Wesley L.
Published: January 2025

Trace elements and minerals can be important for physiological and biochemical functions in aquatic organisms and are also permanently retained in metabolically inert structures in fish, such as otoliths, which can be examined to reconstruct environmental history. Despite the importance of trace elements for biological function and environmental reconstruction, their distribution and dynamics in river systems is poorly understood. The objective of our study was to quantify trace element concentration data from across 14 river basins in Georgia, USA to create elemental concentration profiles and illustrate how spatial changes in water chemistry can be used to construct research hypotheses or make management decisions using results from chemical analyses on hard calcified parts of fish. Principal component analysis revealed substantial variation in water chemistry among and with river basins. Pairwise comparisons of Strontium:Calcium and Barium:Calcium ratios were useful in quantifying specific differences among river systems within river basins. These data will be useful for establishing a baseline for long‐term water chemistry monitoring and provides a framework for future fish chemistry research.
A Prioritization Method for Sustainable Food Waste Reduction Practices
Authors: Moraes Natália Valmorbida , Costa Fernandes Sânia da , Gularte Aline Cafruni , da Rocha Cecília Gravina , Echeveste Márcia Elisa
Published: January 2025

Amid growing concerns over food waste, effective waste management practices in the food service sector have become increasingly needed. Limited research exists on prioritizing and implementing sustainable food waste reduction practices within this sector. This study develops a method to guide decision‐makers in identifying and prioritizing impactful practices to prevent and minimize food waste. Using Design Science Research, a pilot application case was conducted in southern Brazil. This study introduces the Food Waste Reduction Action Guide, a structured and evidence‐based approach comprising two phases: a food waste audit and practices prioritization. The method quantifies food waste, assesses the efficacy and ease of implementation of reduction practices, and visually sequences them. The method aligns with Target 12.3 of the Ssustainable Ddevelopment Goal (SDG) 12 by unveiling empirical evidence, supporting efforts to scale up food waste reduction across preparation and consumption phases through an actionable guide.
Investigation of Magnetism and Photocatalytic Activity Using Biomass‐Derived Carbon Dots
Authors: Tripti  , Singh Permender , Rani Sapana , Singh Saurabh , Kumar Lalit , Gupta Vishal , Kumar Sandeep , Kumar Parmod
Published: January 2025

A cost‐effective and green synthesis method was adopted for the synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) using easily available biomass, namely, Triticum (wheat), by varying the pyrolysis time. The synthesized CDs are labeled as A 1h, A 2h, and A 3h, respectively, where “A” represents the raw material, and “1h,” “2h,” and “3h” denote the respective pyrolysis time. XRD analysis reveals the turbostratic nature of the synthesized CDs. The size and shape of synthesized samples were visualized by HRTEM images. The bandgap was calculated by Tauc's plot and was determined to be 3.66, 5.08, and 4.89 eV for A 1h, A 2h, and A 3h, respectively. FTIR measurement analyzed the functional groups present on the surface of CDs. VSM measurement confirms the ferromagnetic behavior of CDs. Synthesized CDs have been used for photocatalytic degradation of rose bengal (RB) dye under UV light irradiation. Photocatalytic degradation increases with a decrease in bandgap and the maximum degradation efficiency (90.28%) was obtained for A 1h sample.
Uncovering the Natural Inhibitors From Medicinal Plants to Alleviate Human Cancers Targeting the p53 Protein: An In Silico Approach
Authors: Islam Md. Tarikul , Raihan Md. Obayed , Akter Ayesha , Ferdous Jannatul , Begum Sufia , Rakib Md Asaduzzaman , Molla Nazim Uddin , Datta Paheli , Sikdar Bratati , Rehman Saira , Hasan Md. Touhid , Rayhan Rifat , El‐Shazly Mohamed , Al‐Ghadi Muath Q. , Abdel‐Daim Mohamed M. , Aktaruzzaman Md.
Published: January 2025

The tumor suppressor p53 protein plays a key role in controlling several essential cellular responses, including cell growth, development, and apoptosis, helping to prevent cancer development. In various cancers, loss of p53 function results in prolonged cell replication and inhibition of programmed cell death. There are a few options available to target p53, but they come with limitations. For this reason, there is a need for novel drug candidates to maintain p53 functionality. Therefore, our study aims to identify potential natural bioactive compounds through comprehensive in silico methods such as molecular docking, MM/GBSA (molecular mechanics generalized born surface area), ADME/T (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation against the targeted protein p53. Initially, 462 phytochemicals from 23 medicinal plants were screened using molecular docking and MM‐GBSA studies to find potential phytochemicals. From the studies, the top three compounds, CID‐3469, CID‐5280372, and CID‐591524, were selected based on their good binding affinities for further investigation, where all the compounds showed better drug‐likeness with no toxicity in ADME/T analysis. MD simulation depicted better structural stability of phytocompounds in complexes with p53 protein. This study shows novel insights into the development of novel bioactive compounds as drug candidates for cancer treatment.
Influence of Sacrificial Reagents on the Photoelectrocatalytic Performance of Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Freitas Denilson V. , Ferreira Wellington S. , Ribeiro Francisco A. S. , Oliveira Luana B. C. , Alves Otávio A. L. , Sousa Felipe L. N. , Maciel Leonardo J. L. , Machado Giovanna
Published: January 2025

Photoelectrochemical water splitting offers a synergistic method for producing hydrogen using solar energy and an external bias with no emissions. Since the water oxidation process is a limiting factor in the hydrogen production rate, the use of efficient hole scavengers is crucial for enhancing system performance. This study evaluated the performance of titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) using different hole scavengers in comparison to sodium sulfate. All the evaluated hole scavengers achieved higher photocurrent densities than sodium sulfate with performance ordered as follows: glycerol > glucose > triethanolamine > methanol > sodium sulfite > ethanol >> sodium sulfate. Regarding the hydrogen production rate, glycerol achieved 0.292 mL cm−2 h−1, a value 32.5 times higher than that obtained with sodium sulfate (0.009 mL cm−2 h−1). Structural characteristics, such as the presence of hydrogen atoms adjacent to alcohol groups (α‐H), the carbon‐to‐oxygen atom ratio (C:O), solvent polarizability, and redox potential were fundamental for understanding the role of hole scavengers. These findings validate the enhancement of the photoelectrocatalytic process by hole scavengers, supported by the thermodynamically favorable electron transfers facilitated by organic molecules with higher polarization, a low C:O ratio, and rich presence of α‐H.
Surface Engineering of 2D Metal‐Porphyrin Metal‐Organic Frameworks Z‐Scheme Heterostructure for Boosting and Stable Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhu Wenjun , Zhu Hu , Zhang Taiyang , Qin Lixia , Kang Shi‐Zhao , Li Xiangqing
Published: January 2025

How to improve the stability and activity of metal‐organic frameworks is an attractive but challenging task in energy conversion and pollutant degradation of metal‐organic framework materials. In this paper, a facile method is developed by fabricating titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) layer on 2D copper tetracarboxylphenyl‐metalloporphyrin metal‐organic frameworks with zinc ions as the linkers (ZnTCuMT‐X, “Zn” represented zinc ions as the linkers, the first “T” represented tetracarboxylphenyl‐metalloporphyrin (TCPP), “Cu” represented the Cu2+ coordinated into the porphyrin macrocycle, “M” represented metal‐organic frameworks, the second “T” represented TiO2 NPs layer, and “X” represented the added volume of n‐tetrabutyl titanate (X = 100, 200, 300 or 400)). It is found that the optimized ZnTCuMT‐200 showed greatly and stably enhanced H2 generation, which is ≈28.2 times and 47.0 times as high as those of the original ZnTCuM and TiO2, respectively. Combined with the results of free radical capture, X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), electron spin resonance (ESR), and theoretical calculation, a direct Z‐scheme electron transfer mechanism is achieved to fully explain the enhanced photocatalytic performance. It demonstrates that facilely designing Z‐scheme heterostructures based on porphyrin MOFs modified with an inorganic semiconductor layer can be an advantageous strategy for enhancing the stability and activity of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
CO2 and Temperature Induced Switching of a Flexible Metal–Organic Framework with Surface‐Mounted Nanoparticles
Authors: Berger Jan , Terruzzi Stephanie , Bunzen Hana , Ballerini Filippo , Vandone Marco , Marelli Marcello , Braglia Luca , Fischer Roland A. , Colombo Valentina , Kieslich Gregor
Published: January 2025

Within the material family of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) the subclass of flexible MOFs (flexMOFs) has attracted great attention, showing structural flexibility as a response to external stimuli such as guest adsorption, temperature, and pressure. Hybrid composites like nanoparticle (NP) loaded flexible MOFs, which stand to potentially combine advantageous properties of both are yet largely unexplored. Here the synthesis of flexMOFs with surface mounted nanoparticles, e. g. NP@Zn2(BME‐bdc)2dabco composites (NP = Pt and SiO2 nanoparticles, BME‐bdc2− = 2,5‐bismethoxyethoxy‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate, dabco = 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) is reported, studying the impact of nanoparticles on the stimulus‐responsiveness of a flexMOF. It is shown that CO2 physisorption triggered flexibility of the MOF is retained and reversible for all NP@flexMOF composites. Additionally, it is observed that NPs stabilize the large pore state of the MOF, slightly increasing and shifting the switching pressure window. This effect is also observed during temperature‐induced switching but Pt@flexMOF composites partially lose long‐range order during the reversion to their narrow pore state, while attached SiO2 NPs allow for a fully reversible transition. These findings suggest that the total exerted material strain triggering the switching is heavily dependent on NP size and the applied stimulus and that guest‐induced switchability can be fully realized in NP@flexMOF hybrid materials.
Facile Fabrication of Monodisperse Vinyl Hybrid Core–Shell Silica Microsphere with Short Range Radial Channel in bi‐phase System
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Guo Tiantian , Tang Ruizhi , Ma Shujuan , Wei Yinmao , Bian Yangyang , Ou Junjie
Published: January 2025

The development of monodisperse hybrid silica microspheres with highly regular pore structure and uniform distribution of functional groups have significant value in the biomolecular separation field. In this work, the short range ordered pore channels are precisely constructed onto the non‐porous silica microsphere surface by a bi‐phase assembly method, and the cylindrical silica channel introduced a plethora of vinyl groups by “one‐pot” co‐condensation to form vinyl hybrid silica shell. As hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) stationary phase, the vinyl hybrid core–shell silica microsphere is simply modified with zwitterion glutathione (SiO2@SiO2‐GSH), in which the HILIC enrichment process is significantly shortened due to its specific porous characteristics. Most importantly, SiO2@SiO2‐GSH microsphere can enrich 2186 N‐glycopeptides from the rat liver protein digest within 2 min, which mapped to 806 glycoproteins. Compared with HILIC enrichment result within 1 h, the glycoproteins and glycopeptides overlap are 88.3% and 79.1%, performing excellent reproducibility. The short range ordered channels onto the silica microsphere surface exhibit excellent mass transfer efficiency, so the developed bi‐phase assembly method is expected to design more advanced hybrid silica materials for other urgently fields.
Hot Nanogap Networks‐In‐Triangular Nanoframes: A Strategy for Positioning Adsorbates Near Hot Spots
Authors: Lee Sungwoo , Zhao Qiang , Oh Seonmin , Lee Yujin , Choi Inyoung , Park Sungho
Published: January 2025

This study reports the synthesis of plasmonic hot nanogap networks‐in‐triangular nanoframes (NITNFs), featuring narrow intraparticle nanogap networks embedded within triangular nanoframes. Starting from Au nanotriangles, Pt NITNFs are synthesized through a cascade reaction involving simultaneous Pt deposition and Au etching in a one‐pot process. The Pt NITNFs are then transformed into plasmonically active Au NITNFs via Au coating. The near‐field focusing capabilities of the Au NITNFs are tailored by fine‐tuning the void area fraction down to 3.9%, resulting in the formation of narrow nanogaps of ≈1 nm. This optimization enables the successful implementation of single‐particle surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements. Then, monolayer Au NITNFs films on Al substrates are prepared, which enabled weakly adsorbing species to be positioned close to the hot spots of the NITNFs by anchoring them to the underlying Al substrates. As a representative sensing application, the SERS‐based detection of gas‐phase dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) using a film of plasmonic NITNFs on an Al substrate exhibits outstanding performances, achieving a limit of detection of 5 ppm and a detection time of 120 s.
Impact of Magneto‐Mechanical Actuation on Cell Differentiation: A Study Using Wireless, 3D‐Printed Device and a Porous Ferrogel
Authors: Basak Soumyadeep , Packirisamy Gopinath
Published: January 2025

Cells perceive external and internally generated forces of different kinds, significantly impacting their cellular biology. In the relatively nascent field of mechanobiology, the impact of such forces is studied and further utilized to broaden the knowledge of cellular developmental pathways, disease progression, tissue engineering, and developing novel regenerative strategies. However, extensive considerations of mechanotransduction pathways for biomedical applications are still broadly limited due to a lack of affordable technologies in terms of devices and simple magnetic actuatable materials. Herein, synthesizing a monophasic, macroporous, in situ‐fabricated gelatin‐based ferrogel is reported using polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated‐iron oxide (magnetite) particles with high magnetization. Developing a 3D printed, compact, and wireless device capable of providing a wide range of magneto‐mechanical actuation using magnetic field susceptible materials in a noncontact manner is reported. Using the device and ferrogel, C2C12 myoblast differentiation is studied under magnetic field actuation, and significant differences in the myogenin, a differentiation marker, expression behavior are observed. Due to careful design considerations, robust component selection, and easy availability of low‐cost precursor for magnetic responsive material fabrication, the device‐ferrogel combination can be easily adapted to routine biological studies, thereby helping mechanobiology to be utilized for developing exciting new biomedical strategies.
Engineered 3D DNA Crystals: A Molecular Design Perspective
Authors: Cai Baoshuo , Rong Xiao , Sun Yifan , Liu Longfei , Li Zhe
Published: January 2025

Recent advances in biomolecular self‐assembly have transformed material science, enabling the creation of novel materials with unparalleled precision and functionality. Among these innovations, 3D DNA crystals have emerged as a distinctive class of macroscopic materials, engineered through the bottom‐up approach by DNA self‐assembly. These structures uniquely combine precise molecular ordering with high programmability, establishing their importance in advanced material design. This review delves into the molecular design of engineered 3D DNA crystals, classifying current crystal structures based on “crystal bond orientations” and examining key aspects of in‐silico molecular design, self‐assembly, and crystal modifications. The functionalization of 3D DNA crystals for applications in crystallization scaffolding, biocatalysis, biosensing, electrical and optical devices, as well as in the emerging fields of DNA computing and data storage are explored. Finally, the ongoing challenges are addressed and future directions to advance the field of engineered 3D DNA crystals are proposed.
Study on the distribution characteristics of damage and multidimensional parameter influence of abrasive water jet impact on reinforced concrete
Authors: Liu Renjie , Long Wanpeng , Qin Qin , Hou Xiaowei , Li Jing , Luo Zixian , Zhu Bin
Published: January 2025

Abrasive water jet (AWJ) crushing technology holds significant promise for concrete maintenance and demolition. However, challenges such as high energy consumption and mismatched parameters require urgent optimization to enhance crushing efficiency. To address this, this paper proposes a novel method combining smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and the finite element method (FEM) to develop a numerical model for reinforced concrete (RC) subjected to AWJ impact. The study explores the damage distribution characteristics and the impact of various parameters on RC under AWJ conditions. The results reveal that the axial damage reduction in RC progresses through three stages: rapid reduction, slow reduction, and the slowest reduction. In contrast, the longitudinal damage reduction process consists of rapid and slow reduction stages. Furthermore, within the studied parameter range, the comprehensive damage factor of RC increases rapidly and then stabilizes as the jet velocity rises. As the nozzle diameter increases, the comprehensive damage factor initially decreases sharply and then increases rapidly. With increasing abrasive concentration and stand‐off distance, the comprehensive damage factor rises quickly before declining.
Utilizing Machine Learning for Early Intervention and Risk Management in the Opioid Overdose Crisis
Authors: Tai Andy Man Yeung , Kazemi Alireza , Kim Jane J. , Schmeckenbecher Jim , Kitchin Vanessa , Suen Janet , Moro Ryan , Krausz R. Michael
Published: January 2025

This systematic review and meta‐analysis seek to identify prevalent machine learning (ML) models applied to outcomes related to illicit opioid use. Following PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed databases including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, yielding 10,666 records. Of these, 6029 were unique, leading to 155 full‐text publications, with 69 studies meeting inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria focused on two primary themes: the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques, and opioid related substance use outcomes. The meta‐analysis focused on Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC/AUROC). Most of the studies used classification models and evaluated them using the AUC metric. Cohen's d effect sizes were 1.22 for logistic regression (AUC = 0.806), 1.26 for decision trees/random forests (AUC = 0.814), 1.54 for deep learning (AUC = 0.862), and 1.27 for boosting algorithms (AUC = 0.815). Regarding outcomes, effect sizes were 1.42 for opioid use disorder (OUD) (AUC = 0.842), 1.37 for opioid overdoses (AUC = 0.842), and 1.25 for risk of drug use (AUC = 0.812). The study reveals the efficacy of ML in illicit opioid use, with a notable predominance of supervised ML models, particularly Logistic Regression. The underutilization of regression models, despite their potential in outcome quantification, was surprising. Deep learning emerged as the most effective model, demonstrating the complexity of data in addiction psychiatry. ML algorithms provide a powerful framework for informed decision‐making in addiction care, leading toward personalized medicine and reducing unregulated drug use and related harms.
Generalized kernel regularized least squares estimator with parametric error covariance
Authors: Dang Justin , Ullah Aman
Published: January 2025

A two-step estimator of a nonparametric regression function via Kernel regularized least squares (KRLS) with parametric error covariance is proposed. The KRLS, not considering any information in the error covariance, is improved by incorporating a parametric error covariance, allowing for both heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation, in estimating the regression function. A two step procedure is used, where in the first step, a parametric error covariance is estimated by using KRLS residuals and in the second step, a transformed model using the error covariance is estimated by KRLS. Theoretical results including bias, variance, and asymptotics are derived. Simulation results show that the proposed estimator outperforms the KRLS in both heteroskedastic errors and autocorrelated errors cases. An empirical example is illustrated with estimating an airline cost function under a random effects model with heteroskedastic and correlated errors. The derivatives are evaluated, and the average partial effects of the inputs are determined in the application.
Optimizing Corbel Reinforcement Through Nonlinear Analysis: Determining Superiority of Steel Bars or CFRP
Authors: Kheyroddin Ali , Raygan Shakiba , Kioumarsi Mahdi
Published: January 2025

This study aims to optimize the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer’s (CFRP) arrangements rather than the amount of secondary steel reinforcements for strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) corbels, utilizing finite element (FE) analysis. While previous studies have only examined different types of FRP sheet arrangement in the absence or presence of equal amount of secondary steel reinforcements, this research fills a gap by comparing the effect of different configurations with the Externally Bonded Reinforcement (EBR) installation method and increasing the amount of the secondary steel reinforcements. Verification was conducted using a fully horizontally wrapped strengthened RC corbel with the secondary steel reinforcement. Results indicate that by just differing the arrangements of CFRP sheets, an increase can cause up to 33% in bearing capacity with the same volume of CFRP. However, by increasing the geometrical secondary steel reinforcement ratio (ρsh) from 0.18% of the verified model to 0.33% and 0.52%; the bearing capacity increases by 5.52% and 11.55%, respectively.
Intensity Measures for Flood Hazards in Fragility Assessments of Bridges
Authors: Torabi Tahereh , Shafei Behrouz , Alipour Alice
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the significance of intensity measures for flood hazards in assessing the fragility of bridges. Flood hazards pose considerable challenges to bridge infrastructure due to factors such as hydrodynamic forces, scouring, and debris accumulation. The study reviews various methodologies and models used to quantify flood intensity, including hydraulic simulations, empirical equations, and computational fluid dynamics. Despite advancements in modeling techniques, challenges persist, including uncertainties in hazard prediction and gaps between research and practical applications. Importantly, the chapter highlights the need to incorporate climate change considerations into hazard assessments and infrastructure design, given the projected increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. The absence of climate change in existing studies underscores a critical area for future research and intervention. By integrating advancements in modeling techniques and proactive adaptation strategies, this study’s outcome promotes sustainable infrastructure development and ensures the longevity of bridge structures in the face of evolving environmental conditions.
Emergy Framework, from Building Stock Model to Retrofit Model: A Study in Mexico’s City Public Office Buildings
Authors: Flores Ivett
Published: January 2025

This chapter addresses a gap in the current literature by focusing on retrofit strategies for existing buildings, particularly on an urban scale, located in a temperate weather context. The proposed methodology consists of three steps (Synthetic Stock Generation, Building Stock Dynamics, and Building Stock Assessment) to create an “Archetype Building Information” framework grounded in an Emergy approach. Preliminary findings reveal consistent energy demand behavior among buildings of similar typologies, forming the basis for defining shared patterns. The difference ratio between baseline and recommended energy demands by ASHRAE, while variable, follows a distinct trend across building types. The research aims to develop a comprehensive Building Retrofit Model tailored to the unique challenges and opportunities in Mexico City’s urban context.
Citizen Engagement and Co-creation in a Net-Zero Built Environment Transitions: Challenges and Best Practices
Authors: Kunze Christian Wolfgang , Belay Alemu Moges , Hedar Ahmed Samir , Dandwate Aaditya
Published: January 2025

To address energy transition through a net-zero built environment, significant citizen activation and participation is crucial. The chapter aims to identify the challenges, outline best practices in citizen co-creation based on the results of selected EU H2020 projects, and provide future research directions. Best practices are analysed in three phases. (1) Recruitment Phase: The first phase of engagement encompasses all the moments in which potential users are exposed to information that is relevant to participating in a specific project or programme until the moment in which they sign up. Core success factors for the set-up of a promising recruitment phase will be outlined. (2) Consumer Response Phase: In the second consumer response phase, strategies are directed at initiating and consolidating responses to innovative net-zero projects. This phase starts with the user’s own acts of planning and reflecting on how best to integrate existing into changing and rearranging urban and domestic living perceptions. (3) Persistence Phase: In the third phase (i.e., persistence), engagement strategies seek to maintain interest and continuous involvement in programmes. By prolonging interest and interaction over time, the goal of this phase is to ensure that participation remains sufficiently interesting and comfortable for users, transferring them to ambassadors and multipliers for innovative solutions. The chapter provides a co-creation framework with project insight-based best practice recommendations and proposes a clustering of stakeholders according to a quintuple helix approach and a stepwise phase approach towards the set-up of net-zero built environment projects.
Evaluation of Train Travel Inside Submerged Floating Tunnel Under Wave Loads
Authors: Dai Jian , Acharya Paban
Published: January 2025

Railway trains are an efficient mode of transportation for passengers and goods in large quantities. The planning of railway lines, however, needs to take the complex terrain into account. For areas with land parcels separated by wide and deep water bodies, the railway connection is even more challenging. Submerged floating tunnels (SFTs), on the other hand, become an appealing option to connect the separated land parcels. They utilize the natural water buoyancy to support the weight and payloads of the structure and traffic. They have a much lower dependency on the seabed conditions as opposed to their bottom-founded counterparts. They are also submerged at a certain depth below the water surface, which reduces the wave loads acting on the structure and provides a navigation clearance for passing vessels. Owing to the numerous advantages of such structural systems, they have attracted interest among both researchers and engineers. However, the research on the use of such transport infrastructure for safe and comfortable train travel is limited. In this paper, the dynamic responses of a train traveling across an SFT subjected to wave loads are examined. The SFT is modeled as a slender beam according to the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The hydrodynamic responses of the SFT subjected to various wave conditions are analyzed using SIMA/RIFLEX. Then, the responses are extracted as input to a train model idealized as a multi-body system for the calculation of the vehicle dynamics. This study aims to propose a computationally efficient method for the evaluation of the safety and comfort of train travel inside an SFT in an environmentally exposed location. Results show that travel rides inside SFTs are generally good under the normal design operational conditions. When the sea conditions are rough, limiting the operational train speeds may be necessary as the vertical acceleration is approaching 0.6 m/s2. Under extreme sea conditions, the SFTs should be closed to traffic.
The role of generative AI in academic and scientific authorship: an autopoietic perspective
Authors: Watson Steven , Brezovec Erik , Romic Jonathan
Published: January 2025

The integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI), particularly large language models like ChatGPT, presents new challenges as well as possibilities for scientific authorship. This paper draws on social systems theory to offer a nuanced understanding of the interplay between technology, individuals, society and scholarly authorial practices. This contrasts with orthodoxy, where individuals and technology are treated as essentialized entities. This approach offers a critique of the binary positions of sociotechnological determinism and accelerationist instrumentality while still acknowledging that generative AI presents profound challenges to existing practices and meaning making in scientific scholarship. This holistic treatment of authorship, integrity, and technology involves comprehending the historical and evolutionary entanglement of scientific individuality, scientific practices, and meaning making with technological innovation. This addresses current needs for more robust theoretical approaches to address the challenges confronted by academicians, institutions, peer review, and publication processes. Our analysis aims to contribute to a more sophisticated discourse on the ethical and practical implications of AI in scientific research.
Non-native PGPB Consortium Altered the Rhizobacterial Community and Slightly Stimulated the Growth of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Under Field Conditions
Authors: Dobrzyński J. , Kulkova I. , Jakubowska Z. , Wróbel B.
Published: January 2025

Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are among the most promising alternatives to mineral fertilizers. However, little is known about the effects of applied bacteria on the native microbiota, including the rhizobacterial community, which plays a crucial role in bacteria-plant interactions. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the effects of PGPB not only on plants but also, importantly, on the native rhizobacterial community of winter oilseed rape. The bacterial consortium, consisting of Pseudomonas sp. KR227 and Azotobacter PBC1 (P2A), slightly promoted plant growth, increasing the root weight by 21.95% and seed yield by 18.94%. This likely results from its ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), solubilize phosphorus, and fix nitrogen, as indicated by a 35.76% increase in N-NH4 and a 35.05% increase in available phosphorus (AP). The introduced PGPB altered the rhizobacterial community of rapeseed, increasing the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and the genus Pseudomonas while decreasing the relative abundance of phylum Verrucomicrobiota (3 weeks after inoculation). Moreover, Proteobacteria were positively correlated with AP, while Verrucomicrobiota were correlated with N-NH4. At the genus level, Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas were positively correlated with AP, whereas Candidatus Udaeobacter showed a positive correlation with N-NH4 and a negative correlation with pH. Importantly, the P2A consortium did not significantly affect the diversity of native rapeseed rhizobacteria. These findings suggest that the tested P2A consortium has potential as a biostimulant in rapeseed cultivation.
Establishing reference curves for vital tissue perfusion using quantitative near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green
Authors: Tange Floris P. , Peul Roderick C. , van den Hoven Pim , Koning Stefan , Kruiswijk Mo W. , Faber Robin A. , Verduijn Pieter S. , van Rijswijk Carla S. P. , Galema Hidde A. , Hilling Denise E. , van Dijk Sam P. J. , van Ginhoven Tessa M. , Keereweer Stijn , Mureau Marc A. M. , Feitsma Eline A. , Noltes Milou E. , Kruijff Schelto , Driessen Caroline , Achiam Michael P. , Schepers Abbey , van Schaik Jan , Mieog J. Sven D. , Vahrmeijer Alexander L. , Hamming Jaap F. , van der Vorst Joost R.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Assessment of tissue perfusion using near-infrared fluorescence (NIR) with indocyanine green (ICG) is gaining popularity, however reliable and objective interpretation remains a challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to establish reference curves for vital tissue perfusion across target tissues using this imaging modality.

Methods

Data from five prospective study cohorts conducted in three Dutch academic medical centres between December 2018 and June 2023 was included. Quantitative analysis using time-intensity curves was performed in ten target tissues, including the colon, ileum, gastric conduit, deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap, skin of the foot, trachea, sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), carotid artery, parathyroid gland, and skin of the neck.

Results

A total of 178 patients were included in this study, representing 303 target tissues. Three different patterns of reference curves were identified based on a subjective assessment. Seven out of ten tissues showed a reference curve with rapid inflow (median time-to-max (tmax): 13.0–17.8 s, median maximum-normalized-slope (slope norm): 10.6–12.6%/sec), short outflow (median area-under-the-curve of tmax + 60 s (AUC60): 65.0–85.1%) followed by a gradual/absent outflow. Secondly, the DIEP flap and SCM tissue showed a reference curve with longer inflow (median tmax: 24.0, 22.0 s, median slope norm: 9.3, 9.7%/sec respectively) and reduced outflow (median AUC60: 89.1, 89.0% respectively). Thirdly, the skin of the foot showed slow inflow (median tmax 141.1 s, median norm slope 2.1%/sec) without outflow.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates reference curves for vital tissue perfusion of multiple target tissues identified with ICG NIR fluorescence imaging, providing a critical step towards the clinical implementation of this technique.
Fracture load of feldspar ceramic crowns: effects of surface treatments and aging
Authors: Coldea Andrea , Stawarczyk Bogna , Meinen John , Lankes Valerie , Swain Michael V. , Roos Malgorzata
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To compare the impact of intaglio surface treatments – airborne particle abrasion and hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching – of feldspar ceramic (FEL) crowns on the fracture load (FL) and to investigate the effects of abutment materials and artificial aging. The aim was to assess whether etching could be replaced by an alternative surface roughening method.

Materials and methods

FEL crowns had their intaglio surfaces either abraded (25 µm Al2O3, 0.1 MPa), etched (HF, 60 s), or untreated and then bonded to CoCrMo- and polymer-abutments. FL was measured for non-aged and aged (1.2 million mastication cycles) specimens. Data were analyzed using, Weibull modulus, two-/one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD-post-hoc-test, t-tests, and TOST equivalence (p < 0.05).

Results

For crowns bonded to CoCrMo abutments, aging affected the FL and Weibull modulus, but pretreatment methods did not. For initial specimens, airborne abraded and etched crowns were equivalent within a 400N bound, however, for aged specimens, equivalence was inconclusive. For crowns bonded to polymer-abutments, pretreatment and aging influenced the FL. Etching decreased the initial FL by over 420N compared to airborne abraded and untreated specimens. After aging, untreated crowns’ FL decreased by 528N, while airborne abraded and etched specimens showed no aging effect.

Conclusions

Airborne particle abrasion of FEL crowns’ intaglio surfaces did not negatively impact FL and was comparable to etched crowns. Conclusions regarding pretreatment methods and aging differed between CoCrMo- and polymer-abutments.

Clinical relevance.

Airborne particle abrasion may be an alternative procedure for the intaglio surface treatment of FEL crowns prior bonding.
Exact dimension reduction for rough differential equations
Authors: Redmann Martin , Riedel Sebastian
Published: January 2025

In this paper, practically computable low-order approximations of potentially high-dimensional differential equations driven by geometric rough paths are proposed and investigated. In particular, equations are studied that cover the linear setting, but we allow for a certain type of dissipative nonlinearity in the drift as well. In a first step, a linear subspace is found that contains the solution space of the underlying rough differential equation (RDE). This subspace is associated to covariances of linear Ito-stochastic differential equations which is shown exploiting a Gronwall lemma for matrix differential equations. Orthogonal projections onto the identified subspace lead to a first exact reduced order system. Secondly, a linear map of the RDE solution (quantity of interest) is analyzed in terms of redundant information meaning that state variables are found that do not contribute to the quantity of interest. Once more, a link to Ito-stochastic differential equations is used. Removing such unnecessary information from the RDE provides a further dimension reduction without causing an error. The resulting reduced order rough equation can be solved numerically much faster than the original system. Therefore, our approach provides enormous savings in computing time and is hence beneficial from the practical point of view. Finally, we discretize a linear parabolic rough partial differential equation and a rough wave equation in space. The resulting large-order RDEs are subsequently tackled with the exact reduction techniques studied in this paper. We illustrate the enormous complexity reduction potential in the corresponding numerical experiments.
Linkage Between Vertical Coupling and Storage Flux: Insights from Urban Tall-Tower Eddy Covariance Measurement
Authors: Lan Changxing , Holst Christopher Claus , Grünwald Thomas , Mauder Matthias
Published: January 2025

The storage flux, corresponding to disequilibrium between observed flux and net surface emissions, poses a significant source of uncertainty in tower-based eddy covariance (EC) measurements over urban and forest ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the coupling between the urban inertial sub-layer (ISL) and roughness sub-layer (RSL) and its influence on nighttime storage flux, leveraging tower-EC together with collocated wind profile measurements. Our findings demonstrate that substantial storage flux occurs when the gradient of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) enlarges, indicating decoupling between ISL and RSL. With increasing wind speed, turbulent eddies generated by bulk wind shear directly interact with the surface, conducive to the recoupling between ISL and RSL and resulting in decreased storage flux. Conversely, when the gradient of TKE between ISL and RSL is small, the storage flux remains low and relatively insensitive to wind speed. The derived diagnostic relation further confirms the predominant influence of stability and turbulent intensity gradient on regulating the storage flux. These results provide valuable insights as a complement to prior storage flux studies in the context of canopy flow.