bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of online grocery shopping on stockpile behavior in Covid-19
Authors: Hao Na , Wang H. Holly , Zhou Qingjie
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This research is to examine the impact of online channels on food stockpile behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, we use bivariate probit models to empirically investigate the impact of online purchasing channels on Chinese urban consumer food hoarding behaviors with random survey samples.

Findings

Results show that fresh food e-commerce channels are more likely to be associated with panic stockpile behaviors due to higher likelihood of supply shortages than offline channels with government assistance in logistic management. In contrast, community group buy, another format of e-commerce, appears superior in satisfying the consumer needs and easing the panic buying perception.

Practical implications

It suggests that online channels may have diverse impacts on consumers' panic stockpiling behaviors during the extreme situations. Online channels need to develop efficient supply chains to be more resilient to extreme situations and the government shall recognize the increasing share of the online channels together with traditional offline channels when implementing supporting policies.

Social implications

With ever increasing share of online channels, it is imperative in terms of policy implications to understand how would online channels affect hoarding behavior.

Originality/value

We are the first study in online shopping's impact on food stockpile during pandemics using a random sample. Although food stockpile behavior at times of emergency have been investigated in many literature, there are no empirical studies on the impact of online channels on stockpile behaviors under extreme situations. Unlike disasters that immediately impact every entity in supply chains covering producers, vendors, distribution centers and retailers, pandemics did not render supply chains affected immediately, but rather increase consumers' willingness to shop online to avoid virus. Thus, Covid-19 provides a natural experiment to investigate the online channels' impact on stockpile behavior.
Paradoxes in supply chains: a conceptual framework for packed products
Authors: Pålsson Henrik , Sandberg Erik
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Grounded in paradox theory, and with the objective of structuring and extending existing knowledge of conflicts of interest (e.g. trade-offs) in packaging logistics, the purpose of this paper is to identify categories of paradoxical tensions in packaging systems used in supply chains, and to develop a conceptual framework that describes these categories.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses a theory building approach. It develops a conceptual framework of paradoxical tensions for packed products in supply chains. It revises and extends current knowledge in this domain by applying paradox theory from organisational research.

Findings

The paper develops a generic, conceptual framework that identifies, categorises and describes packed product paradoxes on two system levels: supply chain and company levels. The categories of paradoxes refer to performing, organising, belonging and learning.

Research limitations/implications

The framework provides a new theoretical explanation of conflicts of interest in packaging logistics in terms of paradoxical tensions related to packed products in supply chains. It structures and increases general understanding of such tensions within and between actors in a supply chain. The paper also discusses differences in terminology between tensions which are possible to settle and those which lead to paradoxes.

Practical implications

The framework provides a structure for analysing the organisational impact of strategic packaging decisions. It can help highlight different stakeholders' organisational constraints related to packaging.

Originality/value

The framework's systematic categorisation of four types of paradoxical tensions, with thorough descriptions of the meaning of packed product paradoxes of each type, offers an expanded and in-depth explanation of the organisational impacts of packed products in supply chains.
Impaired awareness of deficits and cognitive strategy use in occupational performance of persons with acquired brain injury (ABI)
Authors: van Erp Sabine , Steultjens Esther
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This study aims to explore the difference in cognitive strategy use during observed occupational performance between and within different levels of impaired awareness of deficits of individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI).

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional study (N = 24) of individuals with ABI receiving rehabilitation and with the capacity to demonstrate goal-directed behaviour (Allen cognitive level screen score = 4.0) was undertaken. Cognitive strategy use during occupational performance of daily activities (measured with the perceive, recall, plan and perform [PRPP]) was evaluated between and within different awareness levels (awareness levels measured by the self-regulation skill interview). Statistical analyses, using independent t-test, Mann Whitney U test, ANOVA and Friedman test, were executed.

Findings

Significant differences were shown for both strengths and weaknesses in cognitive strategy use between emergent (n = 13) and anticipatory awareness (n = 11) groups on PRPP items “perceive”, “sensing” and “mapping”; and “searches”, “recall steps”, “identify obstacles”, “calibrates”, “stops”, “continues” and “persists”. Within emergent awareness group, participants scored lowest related to “perceive”, “plan”, “sensing”, “mapping”, “programming” and “evaluating”. Within anticipatory awareness group, participants scored lowest related to “plan”, “programming” and “evaluating”.

Practical implications

This study showed differences in cognitive strategy application during task performance in individuals with emergent or anticipatory awareness deficits that fit with theoretical expectations. It is recommended to make use of the PRPP assessment results (strengths and weaknesses in cognitive strategy application) to support the level of awareness determination. The PRPP assessment results and the level of awareness tailor the clinical reasoning process for personalised intervention planning and cognitive strategy training.

Originality/value

Because impaired awareness has so much impact on the course and outcome of rehabilitation (Rotenberg-Shpigelman et al., 2014), in clinical practice, it is of paramount importance to be aware of the level of awareness of the client (Smeets et al., 2017) and the effect on occupational performance.
Prediction and analysis of compressive strength of recycled aggregate thermal insulation concrete based on GA-BP optimization network
Authors: Tu Jinsong , Liu Yuanzhen , Zhou Ming , Li Ruixia
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to predict the 28-day compressive strength of recycled thermal insulation concrete more accurately.

Design/methodology/approach

The initial weights and thresholds of BP neural network are improved by genetic algorithm on MATLAB 2014 a platform.

Findings

Genetic algorithm–back propagation (GA-BP) neural network is more stable. The generalization performance of the complex is better.

Originality/value

The GA-BP neural network based on the training sample data can better realize the strength prediction of recycled aggregate thermal insulation concrete and reduce the complex orthogonal experimental process. GA-BP neural network is more stable. The generalization performance of the complex is better.
Robots or frontline employees? Exploring customers’ attributions of responsibility and stability after service failure or success
Authors: Belanche Daniel , Casaló Luis V. , Flavián Carlos , Schepers Jeroen
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Service robots are taking over the organizational frontline. Despite a recent surge in studies on this topic, extant works are predominantly conceptual in nature. The purpose of this paper is to provide valuable empirical insights by building on the attribution theory.

Design/methodology/approach

Two vignette-based experimental studies were employed. Data were collected from US respondents who were randomly assigned to scenarios focusing on a hotel’s reception service and restaurant’s waiter service.

Findings

Results indicate that respondents make stronger attributions of responsibility for the service performance toward humans than toward robots, especially when a service failure occurs. Customers thus attribute responsibility to the firm rather than the frontline robot. Interestingly, the perceived stability of the performance is greater when the service is conducted by a robot than by an employee. This implies that customers expect employees to shape up after a poor service encounter but expect little improvement in robots’ performance over time.

Practical implications

Robots are perceived to be more representative of a firm than employees. To avoid harmful customer attributions, service providers should clearly communicate to customers that frontline robots pack sophisticated analytical, rather than simple mechanical, artificial intelligence technology that explicitly learns from service failures.

Originality/value

Customer responses to frontline robots have remained largely unexplored. This paper is the first to explore the attributions that customers make when they experience robots in the frontline.
Fraud detection in bank transaction with wrapper model and Harris water optimization-based deep recurrent neural network
Authors: Kolli Chandra Sekhar , Tatavarthi Uma Devi
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Fraud transaction detection has become a significant factor in the communication technologies and electronic commerce systems, as it affects the usage of electronic payment. Even though, various fraud detection methods are developed, enhancing the performance of electronic payment by detecting the fraudsters results in a great challenge in the bank transaction.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper aims to design the fraud detection mechanism using the proposed Harris water optimization-based deep recurrent neural network (HWO-based deep RNN). The proposed fraud detection strategy includes three different phases, namely, pre-processing, feature selection and fraud detection. Initially, the input transactional data is subjected to the pre-processing phase, where the data is pre-processed using the Box-Cox transformation to remove the redundant and noise values from data. The pre-processed data is passed to the feature selection phase, where the essential and the suitable features are selected using the wrapper model. The selected feature makes the classifier to perform better detection performance. Finally, the selected features are fed to the detection phase, where the deep recurrent neural network classifier is used to achieve the fraud detection process such that the training process of the classifier is done by the proposed Harris water optimization algorithm, which is the integration of water wave optimization and Harris hawks optimization.

Findings

Moreover, the proposed HWO-based deep RNN obtained better performance in terms of the metrics, such as accuracy, sensitivity and specificity with the values of 0.9192, 0.7642 and 0.9943.

Originality/value

An effective fraud detection method named HWO-based deep RNN is designed to detect the frauds in the bank transaction. The optimal features selected using the wrapper model enable the classifier to find fraudulent activities more efficiently. However, the accurate detection result is evaluated through the optimization model based on the fitness measure such that the function with the minimal error value is declared as the best solution, as it yields better detection results.
Sponsorship in focus: a typology of sponsorship contexts and research agenda
Authors: Lin Hsin-Chen , Bruning Patrick F.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Sponsorship has become an important marketing activity. However, research on the topic treats the sponsorship context, characterized according to the type of sponsored property and the social role of these properties, as a stable characteristic or as a dichotomous characteristic within empirical studies. Therefore, the authors outline a multi-level typology of the different types of sponsorship contexts to account for traditional types of sponsorship as well as emerging themes such as online sponsorship. The authors then propose an agenda for future research.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conduct a general review of the sponsorship literature to synthesize established sponsorship types with newly emerging themes to develop a multi-level typology of sponsorship contexts and a research agenda.

Findings

The authors’ conceptual analysis revealed a typology of sponsorship contexts that captures both general and specific types of sports sponsorship, prosocial cause sponsorship, culture and community sponsorship, and media and programming content sponsorship.

Research limitations/implications

The authors’ typology provides an organizing framework for future research focussing on different sponsorship contexts. However, the emergent categories still require further empirical testing. Therefore, the authors develop a set of questions to guide future research on the topic.

Practical implications

The authors’ typology outlines the different sponsorship contexts that should be considered by organizations that engage in sponsorship-linked marketing.

Originality/value

This paper provides a multi-level categorization of sponsorship contexts that integrates both traditional categories and newly emerging categories to better inform future research on situational differences in sponsorship.
Property investment decision-making behaviour amidst market disruptions: an institutional perspective
Authors: Bolomope Muhammed , Amidu Abdul-Rasheed , Filippova Olga , Levy Deborah
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Decision-making behaviour of property investors has been the focus of real estate research for decades. Yet, there is no consensus on a generally accepted behavioural model that suits all market conditions and investment peculiarities. While scholars have emphasized the significance of rational reasoning and cognitive influences on property investment decision-making preferences, gaps remain regarding the impacts of market disruptions on property investment decision-making behaviour. This paper, therefore, explores the institutional framework as a theoretical basis for understanding property investment decision-making behaviour amidst market disruptions.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper reports a systematic review of pertinent theories that have explored decision-making behaviour. Commencing with an index search of high impact peer-reviewed journals, a snowball identification of relevant citations was also deployed to assemble theories from the field of psychology, sociology, economics and urban studies. Although a preliminary dataset of 82 papers with relevant decision-making theories was identified, the final dataset comprised 27 papers and 7 theories. The identified theories were reviewed accordingly.

Findings

The outcome of this study suggests that the institutional framework offers a robust approach to property investment decision-making amidst market disruptions, especially because it recognizes the dynamism in the investment environment and the roles of formal and informal rules that exist therein.

Originality/value

This study advances the current understanding of property investment decision-making behaviour by recognising the dynamism of the investment environment and how factors such as principles, laws, tradition and routines can lead to an established and legitimate standard of reasoning. By integrating both rational and cognitive attributes, the study provides a holistic perspective to property investors' decision-making behaviour in response to market disruptions.
Landscape context and plant population size affect morph frequencies in heterostylous Primula veris—Results of a nationwide citizen‐science campaign
Authors: Aavik Tsipe , Carmona Carlos P. , Träger Sabrina , Kaldra Marianne , Reinula Iris , Conti Elena , Keller Barbara , Helm Aveliina , Hiiesalu Inga , Hool Kertu , Kaisel Mari , Oja Tatjana , Lotman Silvia , Pärtel Meelis
Published: August 2020

Heterostyly is a genetically determined floral polymorphism of style length promoting outcrossing between individuals of different morphs, which usually coexist within populations at equal frequencies. Loss in the area and connectivity of suitable habitats may cause deviations from the expected equal morph frequencies. However, there is a need to evaluate the generality of this pattern at larger spatial extents and to identify possible underlying mechanisms.

A citizen‐science approach was used to study morph frequencies in populations of the heterostylous grassland plant Primula veris across Estonia. We developed an online platform to facilitate an easy upload of the data. We examined the effect of the following variables in the surroundings of the study populations reflecting the landscape context on the deviation of morph ratios: (a) semi‐natural grasslands, (b) forests and shrubs, (c) human population density and (d) a proxy for plant population size.

The citizen‐science approach provided unprecedented density of data from 1,700 localities. Nearly half of these observations, which were maintained for further analysis after data filtering, included over 62,000 short‐styled morphs and about 54,000 long‐styled morphs. Small populations were characterized by higher overall deviation of morph ratios from isoplethy (equal morph ratio). Deviation increased in semi‐natural grasslands located in regions with high human population density.

The significant effect of human population density and plant population size on deviations of morph frequencies suggests the role of stochastic demographic effects of habitat fragmentation on morph ratios. Overall lower proportion of long‐styled morphs indicates that partial intra‐morph compatibility shown in long‐styled morphs may lead to higher inbreeding and related decline in fitness and abundance.

Synthesis. Citizen‐science data about the morph type of Primula veris across Estonia obtained with the help of thousands of people demonstrates that in addition to plant population size, landscape context may affect plant reproductive traits, such as heterostyly. Larger population size of P. veris can help to buffer against random fluctuations in this trait. Increasing impact of human activities may have a negative impact on both small and large populations. The exact underlying mechanisms of the prevalence of one morph over the other, however, pose novel questions for further research.
Potential effect of new (E)‐4‐hydroxy ‐N’‐(1‐(7‐hydroxy‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl) ethylidene) benzohydrazide against acute myocardial infarction: Haemodynamic, biochemical and histological studies
Authors: Mnafgui Kais , Khdhiri Emna , Hajji Raouf , Feriani Anouar , Ivan da Silva Francisco , Laíres da Silva Santos Antônia , Tlili Abir , Mlayeh Souhail , Bouzidi Moncef , Ammar Houcine , Abid Souhir
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to explore the cardioprotective effect of new synthesized coumarin (E)‐4‐hydroxy‐N’‐(1‐(7‐hydroxy‐2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl) ethylidene) benzohydrazide denoted (Hyd.Cou) against myocardial infarction disorders. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups; Control, isoproterenol (ISO), ISO + Acenocoumarol (Ac) and ISO + Hyd.Cou. Results showed that the ISO group exhibited serious alteration in EGC pattern, significant heart hypertrophy (+33%), haemodynamic disturbance and increase in plasma rate of CK‐MB, LDH and troponin‐T by 44, 53, and 170%, respectively, as compared to Control. Moreover, isoproterenol induced a rise in plasma angiotensin‐converting enzyme activity (ACE) by 49%, dyslipidaemia, and increased thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) by 117% associated with decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) by 46% and 58%, respectively in myocardium. Interestingly, the molecular docking calculation demonstrated strong interactions of Hyd.Cou with the receptors of the protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) which could highlight the antithrombotic effect. Moreover, Hyd.Cou improved plasma cardiac dysfunction biomarkers, mitigated the ventricle remodelling process and alleviated heart oxidative stress damage. Overall, Hyd.Cou prevented the heart from the remodelling process through inhibition of ACE activity and oxidative stress improvement.
The concordance rate of non‐chromosomal congenital malformations in twins based on zygosity: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jung YM , Lee SM , Oh S , Lyoo SH , Park C‐W , Lee SD , Park JS , Jun JK
Published: August 2020

Objective

To examine the concordance rate of non‐chromosomal congenital malformations in twin pairs based on zygosity.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

A tertiary hospital in Korea.

Population

Twin pairs born at Seoul National University Hospital between 2001 and 2019.

Methods

Congenital malformations were diagnosed by postnatal workups of neonates or autopsy in cases of stillborn infants. Zygosity was confirmed by sex, chorionicity and DNA analysis.

Main outcome measures

Concordance rate of congenital malformations in twin pairs based on zygosity.

Results

In total, 3386 twin pairs were included. The risk of a congenital malformation in the index twin increased significantly if the co‐twin had the congenital malformation, and the concordance rate was higher in monozygotic (MZ) than in dizygotic (DZ) twins (37.04 versus 16.77, P < 0.001). An increased risk of a congenital malformation in the presence of the same congenital malformation in the co‐twin was observed only for malformations of the nervous system, eye/ear/face/neck, circulatory system, cleft lip/palate, genital organs, urinary system and musculoskeletal system. Significantly higher concordance rates in MZ than in DZ twin pairs were observed only for the nervous system (40.00 versus 0.00, P < 0.001), circulatory system (32.97 versus 19.74, P = 0.021), cleft lip/palate (44.44 versus 0.00, P = 0.017) and urinary system (22.22 versus 0.00, P = 0.004), whereas significant differences were not found for the genital organs or musculoskeletal system.

Conclusions

Monozygotic twins had higher concordance rates than DZ twins only in specific organ systems. It may be speculated that nervous system, circulatory system, cleft lip/palate and urinary system are primarily genetically affected.

Tweetable abstract

Monozygotic twins had higher concordance rates than dizygotic twins only in specific organ systems.
Almost politically acceptable criminal justice risk assessment
Authors: Berk Richard , Elzarka Ayya A.
Published: August 2020

Research Summary

In criminal justice risk forecasting, one can prove that it is impossible to optimize accuracy and fairness at the same time. One can also prove that usually it is impossible optimize simultaneously all of the usual group definitions of fairness. In policy settings, one necessarily is left with tradeoffs about which many stakeholders will adamantly disagree. The result is a contentious stalemate. In this article, we offer a different approach. We do not seek perfectly accurate and perfectly fair risk assessments. We seek politically acceptable risk assessments. We describe and apply a machine learning approach that addresses many of the most visible claims of “racial bias” to arraignment data on 300,000 offenders. Regardless of whether such claims are true, we adjust our procedures to compensate. We train the algorithm on White offenders only and compute risk with test data separately for White offenders and Black offenders. Thus, the fitted, algorithm structure is the same for both groups; the algorithm treats all offenders as if they are White. But because White and Black offenders can bring different predictors distributions to the White‐trained algorithm, we provide additional adjustments as needed.

Policy Implications

Insofar as conventional machine learning procedures do not produce the accuracy and fairness that some stakeholders require, it is possible to alter conventional practice to respond explicitly to many salient stakeholder claims even if they are unsupported by the facts. The results can be a politically acceptable risk assessment tools.
Higher ratio of extracellular water to total body water was associated with reduced cognitive function in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Low Serena , Ng Tze Pin , Lim Chin Leong , Ang Su Fen , Moh Angela , Wang Jiexun , Yap Philip , Cheong Chin Yee , Goh Kiat Sern , Ang Keven , Tang Wern Ee , Lim Ziliang , Subramaniam Tavintharan , Sum Chee Fang , Lim Su Chi
Published: August 2020

Background

Fluid imbalance is associated with various clinical conditions, but the association between elevated extracellular‐water to total‐body‐water (ECW/TBW) ratio, an indicator of fluid balance, and cognitive impairment is unknown. We aimed to investigate relationship between ECW/TBW ratio and cognitive function in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

This study was a cross‐sectional design, comparing 1233 patients aged 61.4 ± 8.0 years from the Singapore Study of Macro‐angiopathy and Micro‐vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes (SMART2D) cohort. ECW/TBW was measured using bioelectrical impedance method. Cognitive function was assessed with Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Multiple linear regression was used to examine association between ECW/TBW and RBANS scores, adjusting for demographics, education, clinical covariates, and apolipoprotein E allele.

Results

In unadjusted analyses, there was an inverse dose‐dependent association between ECW/TBW and RBANS total score. The associations persisted in fully adjusted model with β = −1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] −2.19 to −0.17; P = 0.022) for slight edema and −2.33 (−3.99 to −0.67; P = 0.006) for edema. Slight edema and edema were significantly associated with reduced cognitive function in delayed memory and attention. There was significant association between edema but not slight edema, with reduced cognitive function in language. Pulse pressure accounted for 16.8% of association between ECW/TBW and RBANS total score.

Conclusions

Our novel finding of an independent association between higher ECW/TBW and poorer cognitive function highlights the potential importance of maintaining body fluid balance in the management of cognitive impairment.
An applied ecology of fear framework: linking theory to conservation practice
Authors: Gaynor Kaitlyn M. , Cherry Michael J. , Gilbert Sophie L. , Kohl Michel T. , Larson Courtney L. , Newsome Thomas M. , Prugh Laura R. , Suraci Justin P. , Young Julie K. , Smith Justine A.
Published: August 2020

Research on the ecology of fear has highlighted the importance of perceived risk from predators and humans in shaping animal behavior and physiology, with potential demographic and ecosystem‐wide consequences. Despite recent conceptual advances and potential management implications of the ecology of fear, theory and conservation practices have rarely been linked. Many challenges in animal conservation may be alleviated by actively harnessing or compensating for risk perception and risk avoidance behavior in wild animal populations. Integration of the ecology of fear into conservation and management practice can contribute to the recovery of threatened populations, human–wildlife conflict mitigation, invasive species management, maintenance of sustainable harvest and species reintroduction plans. Here, we present an applied framework that links conservation interventions to desired outcomes by manipulating ecology of fear dynamics. We discuss how to reduce or amplify fear in wild animals by manipulating habitat structure, sensory stimuli, animal experience (previous exposure to risk) and food safety trade‐offs to achieve management objectives. Changing the optimal decision‐making of individuals in managed populations can then further conservation goals by shaping the spatiotemporal distribution of animals, changing predation rates and altering risk effects that scale up to demographic consequences. We also outline future directions for applied research on fear ecology that will better inform conservation practices. Our framework can help scientists and practitioners anticipate and mitigate unintended consequences of management decisions, and highlight new levers for multi‐species conservation strategies that promote human–wildlife coexistence.
Long‐term persistence of immune response to the AS04‐adjuvanted HPV‐16/18 vaccine in Chinese girls aged 9‐17 years: Results from an 8‐9‐year follow‐up phase III open‐label study
Authors: Hu Yuemei , Zhang Xiang , He Yilin , Ma Zhilong , Xie Yan , Lu Xiangbin , Xu Yabin , Zhang Yanqiu , Jiang Yunyu , Xiao Hui , Struyf Frank , Folschweiller Nicolas , Jiang Johny , Poncelet Sylviane , Karkada Naveen , Jastorff Archana , Borys Dorota
Published: August 2020

Aim

In 9‐17‐year‐old Chinese girls, the AS04‐adjuvanted HPV‐16/18 vaccine (AS04‐HPV‐16/18) given as three‐dose schedule induced high antibody levels, which were noninferior 1 month after the third dose to those observed in 18‐25‐year‐old Chinese women in a large efficacy study. We assessed the persistence of antibodies 8‐9 years after vaccination in the same subjects.

Methods

This follow‐up phase III, open‐label study (NCT03355820) included subjects who had received three doses of AS04‐HPV‐16/18 in the initial trial (NCT00996125). Serum antibody concentrations were assessed by ELISA and compared to antibody persistence observed in 18‐25‐year‐old Chinese women 6 years after first vaccination in the efficacy study (NCT00779766).

Results

Out of the 227 enrolled subjects, 223 were included in the per‐protocol immunogenicity analysis. Mean interval from first AS04‐HPV‐16/18 dose to blood sampling was 101.4 months (8.5 years). For antibodies against HPV‐16 and ‐18, 8.5 years after first vaccine dose all subjects remained seropositive and antibody. Geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were 1236.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1121.8; 1362.4) and 535.6 (95% CI: 478.6; 599.4) ELISA Units/mL, respectively. These seropositivity rates and antibody GMCs were higher than those observed 6 years after first vaccination of 18‐25‐year‐old women.

Conclusion

Sustained anti‐HPV‐16 and ‐18 immune responses were observed 8‐9 years after AS04‐HPV‐16/18 vaccination of 9‐17 year‐old Chinese girls that were higher than the ones observed 6 years after first vaccination in Chinese adult women in whom AS04‐HPV‐16/18 efficacy against cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade ≥2 was demonstrated.
Outcome of angioembolization for blunt renal trauma in haemodynamically unstable patients: 10‐year analysis of Queensland public hospitals
Authors: Desai Devang , Ong Michelle , Lah Kevin , Clouston John , Pearch Ben , Gianduzzo Troy
Published: August 2020

Background

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether angioembolization is an appropriate alternative method for the management of blunt renal trauma in haemodynamically unstable patients.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted from 2002 to 2012 at three tertiary trauma hospitals in the state of Queensland. Patients who had blunt renal trauma and underwent renal angioembolization or had a trauma nephrectomy were identified using patient records and operating theatre and interventional radiology databases. The inclusion criteria were – haemodynamically unstable patients with blunt renal trauma treated with angioembolization, above the age of 16 years. Patients who underwent angioembolization for other causes such as: penetrating renal trauma, post‐procedure, renal tumours, renal angiomyolipomas or arteriovenous malformations were excluded. Patients below the age of 16 were also excluded. Post‐embolization renal function, blood pressure, morbidity and mortality were analysed using the paired t2 test.

Results

A total of 668 renal trauma patients were identified during this period. Sixteen patients underwent angioembolization for blunt renal trauma. Post‐procedure renal function normalized without any hypertension with the median follow up being 4 months. Four patients had post‐embolization complications including a urinoma, two devascularized kidneys and one ureteric stricture requiring nephrectomy. There was no mortality.

Conclusion

Selective angioembolization, where feasible, is an alternative method in the management of haemodynamically stable patients with blunt renal trauma maximizing nephron sparing and producing acceptable long‐term outcomes with avoidance of the morbidity of trauma nephrectomy. This is the first study that we know of in Australia analysing the outcome of angioembolization for blunt renal trauma.
A protocol for rat kidney normothermic machine perfusion and subsequent transplantation
Authors: Czogalla Jan , Grahammer Florian , Puelles Victor G. , Huber Tobias B.
Published: August 2020

End‐stage renal disease is a major global health burden. The only definitive treatment existing is renal transplantation. Worldwide, the demand for donated kidneys by far exceeds the supply. A novel technique for organ preservation, normothermic machine perfusion (NMP), now promises to increase the potential pool of available organs by extending the spectrum of donors and reducing the incidence of graft failure. First studies in humans and large animals are being performed with promising results, but refinement of the technique, buffer, and machines involved is labor‐intensive and expensive. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a small animal model of NMP and subsequent transplantation.
Golimumab in adolescents with Crohn's disease refractory to previous tumour necrosis factor antibody
Authors: Pichler Judith , Memaran Nima , Huber Wolf Dietrich , Aufricht Christoph , Bidmon‐Fliegenschnee Bettina
Published: August 2020

Aim

Anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α drugs are effective treatments for the management of moderate/severe Crohn's disease (CD), but treatment failure is common. In the treatment of paediatric CD, there are no data about the use of a third introduced subcutaneous TNF antibody golimumab.

Methods

We evaluated the efficacy of golimumab for adolescents with moderate/severe CD. Retrospective analyses were done in all 7 (5 girls) adolescents who received golimumab at a median age of 17 years for a median of 7.2 months. Paediatric Crohn's disease activity index (PCDAI), full blood count, inflammatory markers, use of corticosteroids and adverse events were recorded.

Results

With golimumab, 5 of the 7 children were PCDAI responders and 2 entered remission (PCDAI <10). Faecal calprotectin was significantly reduced after 4 weeks compared to baseline. Out of five children, steroid withdrawal was possible in one and steroid reduction in two cases. There were no serious side effects.

Conclusion

In moderate/severe CD, golimumab induced clinical remission with PCDAI response. Golimumab may be an effective rescue therapy in refractory CD.
Systematic review and single‐centre toxicology study identified analgesics and benzodiazepines as the main causes of paediatric medication poisoning
Authors: Smarczewski Mary Anne P. , Osternack Karyna T. , Garlet Quelen I. , Oliveira Cláudia S. , Mello Rosiane G.
Published: August 2020

Aim

This study evaluated medication poisoning in paediatric patients through a systematic review and a retrospective documentary analysis in a Brazilian toxicological centre.

Methods

The data were systematically collected on PubMed, Scopus and SciELO databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines. We included epidemiologic and prevalence studies that were published in English or Portuguese from 2013 to 2017 and covered paediatric patients. The retrospective incidence study was carried out in a Brazilian toxicological centre and was a documentary analysis of paediatric medication poisoning cases from 2005 to 2015.

Results

The systematic review comprised 13 papers covering 895 206 poisoning cases from six different countries. The main agents of intoxication were analgesics and antihistamines. The eight papers that explored the reasons for the poisonings showed that 93% of those 762 863 cases were accidental. The Brazilian toxicological centre recorded 443 paediatric patients poisoned by medication such as benzodiazepines, analgesics and antibiotics and found that 63.2% were accidental. However, it agreed with the global findings in many other aspects.

Conclusion

The systematic review showed a sustained number of paediatric medication toxicity cases worldwide and the key findings were broadly reflected by the retrospective study carried out in the Brazilian toxicological centre.
Efficacy and safety of modified electroconvulsive therapy for the refractory depression in older patients
Authors: Jiang Xue , Xie Qin , Liu Lian‐Zhong , Zhong Bao‐Liang , Si Liang , Fan Fang
Published: August 2020

Objective

We explored the clinical efficacy and safety of modified electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the treatment of elderly patients with refractory depression.

Methods

A total of 43 older patients with refractory depression were enrolled in our study from March 2014 to February 2015, with the average age of 65 ± 4.8 years old. Modified electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was performed in these patients after physical examinations and anesthesia procedures. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were used to assessing the efficacy of ECT, and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) and mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) were used to evaluate the memory ability and cognitive function.

Results

The rate of efficacy was calculated as 67.44% after 4 weeks of ECT treatment. Our results showed that HAMA and HAMD scores after 2 weeks of ECT treatment were significantly lower than pretreatment, and the differences were more significant after 4 weeks of ECT treatment. Compared with pretreatment, the scores of memory quotient and immediate memory of WMS decreased significantly after 1 week of treatment. However, these events were not be presented with the progress of treatment, except for after 2 weeks of treatment. Our results demonstrated that compared with pretreatment, the scores of MMSE significantly increased after 4 weeks of treatment.

Conclusion

ECT is an effective, well‐tolerated, and safe method for the treatment of older patients with refractory depression. ECT can be recommended for the treatment of these patients after conducting effective risk control of comorbid somatic diseases.
Private Equity Characteristics, Corporate Governance and Firm Value: Empirical Evidence from Small and Medium‐sized Enterprises*
Authors: Jiujin Li , Gupta Rakesh , Haihong Li , Qiang Shao
Published: August 2020

To extend existing research, this study examines whether private equity (PE) and corporate governance affect firm value using empirical data on the small and medium‐sized boards of listed initial public offering companies in China. The empirical results show that PE investment can raise firm value as well as affect management behavior at the macro level. At the micro level, the greater PE firms' shareholding, the higher is firm value, which is positively influenced by the time the PE stake has been held. PE reputation and foreign PE are also positively related to firm value. Finally, corporate governance plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between PE investment and firm value.
Gender Difference in Returns to Education Independent of Gender Wage Gap in Korea*
Authors: Lee Jaeram , Ihm Jungjoon
Published: August 2020

This study examined the difference between male and female groups’ return on investment (ROI) in education independent of the average gender wage gap. Women’s additional ROI in education was significant and positively estimated. Furthermore, the ROI in women’s education was consistently higher than that in men regardless of educational stage, except for graduate education. These gender differences were greater in the younger generation than in the older generation and have decreased significantly in the recent ten years in high school education. Although the additional ROI in women’s education was positive in the field of culture and arts, education’s effect on wage increases in professional occupations was less than in men, especially in the fields of law and medicine. In addition, we show that gender differences in ROI in education were countercyclical. A base effect, large wage declines for low‐educated women during recessions, could explain this phenomenon. However, coinciding with the existence of positive cash flow news in the stock market that promises good business performance, a significant wage increase among highly educated women was found.
Rethinking the oversight conditions of human–animal chimera research
Authors: Piotrowska Monika
Published: August 2020

New discoveries are improving the odds of human cells surviving in host animals, prompting regulatory and funding agencies to issue calls for additional layers of ethical oversight for certain types of human–animal chimeras. Of interest are research proposals involving chimeric animals with humanized brains. But what is motivating the demand for additional oversight? I locate two, not obviously compatible, motivations, each of which provides the justificatory basis for paying special attention to different sets of human–animal chimeras. Surprisingly, the sets of animals that actually get flagged for special scrutiny by research and funding guidelines do not correlate with either of the sets of animals that arise when we think about what is motivating additional oversight. What this shows is that existing research policies and funding guidelines are disconnected from their motivation: the rationale for flagging certain types of human–animal chimeras as requiring special oversight is ignored in execution.
Tectonic control on mass‐transport deposit and canyon‐fed fan system in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Sea of Japan)
Authors: Park Yongjoon , Yoo Donggeun , Kang Nyeonkeon , Yi Boyeon , Kim Byoungyeop
Published: August 2020

Extensive 2D multichannel seismic (~17340 km) and well data provide an opportunity to investigate the source to sink processes and triggering factors of the Late Miocene sedimentary record in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Sea of Japan). The sedimentary succession of the basin comprises two distinct deep‐water depositional systems, which are characterised by stacked mass‐transport deposits (MTDs) and subsequent submarine fan. Individual MTDs spread downslope over areas as large as ~9000 km2 with NW–SE or N–S flow direction. The deep‐water fan consists of distributary channel‐lobe complexes (DLCs) that are 80 km wide and 140 km long. Two major tectonic periods driven by structural deformation characterised the Late Miocene deep‐water sedimentation growth. During early to middle Late Miocene (10.3–8.2 Ma), the MTDs were sourced from degraded fold triggered by slope oversteepening and seismicity on the southeastern basin margin, where the thrust‐and‐fold belt developed. In the middle to latest Late Miocene (8.2–6.3 Ma), the DLCs were fed by canyon‐channel systems on the southwestern basin margin, where the tectonic uplift of the anticline was active. Therefore, this study suggests that strike variation in shelf‐margin erosional and depositional processes were caused principally by the locations and timings of tectonic deformation.
Dung beetle‐megafauna trophic networks in Singapore’s fragmented forests
Authors: Ong Xin Rui , Slade Eleanor M. , Lim Matthew L. M.
Published: August 2020

We investigated trophic networks between dung beetles and megafauna species in five forest fragments in Singapore varying in size and isolation. We found that Singapore's dung beetle communities were attracted to extant and extinct dung types from different dietary groups. All forest fragment networks were similar and displayed high generalism and high nestedness.
LINC00973 is involved in cancer immune suppression through positive regulation of Siglec‐15 in clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Yanbin , Li Xingzhi , Zhang Changming , Zhang Hui , Huang Yali
Published: August 2020

The pioneering work from Lieping Chen’s laboratory identified Siglec‐15 as a novel tumor immune suppressor, while the regulatory mechanisms underlying the broad upregulation of Siglec‐15 in human cancers remain obscure. Here we found that long non–coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00973 was higher in Siglec‐15‐positive clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and LINC00973 positively regulated Siglec‐15 expression at transcriptional level. This effect was evidently dependent on miR‐7109‐3p (designated as miR‐7109 hereafter), and we provided evidence that Siglec‐15 is a direct target of miR‐7109. Through sponging miR‐7109, LINC00973 functioned as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to control cell surface abundance of Siglec‐15, and, consequently, was involved in cancer immune suppression. We further demonstrated that LINC00973 and miR‐7109 expression in ccRCC antagonistically influenced immune activation of co–cultured Jurkat cells. Our study highlighted the importance of LINC00973‐miR‐7109‐Siglec‐15 in immune evasion in ccRCC, which offers significant opportunity for both therapeutic intervention and diagnostic/prognostic exploitations.
DNA methylation analysis with methylation‐sensitive high‐resolution melting (MS‐HRM) reveals gene panel for glioma characteristics
Authors: Majchrzak‐Celińska Aleksandra , Dybska Emilia , Barciszewska Anna‐Maria
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Local DNA hypermethylation is a potential source of cancer biomarkers. While the evaluation of single gene methylation has limited value, their selected panel may provide better information.

Aims

This study aimed to analyze the promoter methylation level in a 7‐gene panel in brain tumors and verifies the usefulness of methylation‐sensitive high‐resolution melting (MS‐HRM) for this purpose.

Methods

Forty‐six glioma samples and one non‐neoplastic brain sample were analyzed by MS‐HRM in terms of SFRP1, SFRP2, RUNX3, CBLN4, INA, MGMT, and RASSF1A promoter methylation. The results were correlated with patients’ clinicopathological features.

Results

DNA methylation level of all analyzed genes was significantly higher in brain tumor samples as compared to non‐neoplastic brain and commercial, unmethylated DNA control. RASSF1A was the most frequently methylated gene, with statistically significant differences depending on the tumor WHO grade. Higher MGMT methylation levels were observed in females, whereas the levels of SFRP1 and INA promoter methylation significantly increased with patients’ age. A positive correlation of promoter methylation levels was observed between pairs of genes, for example, CBLN4 and INA or MGMT and RASSF1A.

Conclusions

Our 7‐gene panel of promoter methylation can be helpful in brain tumor diagnosis or characterization, and MS‐HRM is a suitable method for its analysis.