bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Criminal Law to Customary Law: Incest as a Sexual Crime
Authors: Hijriani Hijriani , Ramadani Rizki
Published: August 2022

This study analyses several aspects of incest as a sexual crime, as well as its law enforcement, by comparing criminal law and Bugis customary law. This normative study was conducted by examining primary and secondary legal materials, which were then analysed qualitatively and descriptively. The findings indicate that incest can occur in the form of sexual violence caused by internal and external factors, such as psychological and family condition. Incest also has a very serious impact on victims, especially children. In terms of criminal law, the regulation of incest is spread across several laws such as obscenity in Criminal Code (KUHP); sexual intercourse with children in the Child Protection Law; and sexual violence against a family member in the PKDRT Law. However, in the Bugis customary law, incest is a sexual deviation against dignity and honour (siri’). On that basis, incest is determined as the most severe customary offense (malaweng) and is punishable by the death penalty. In principle, the criminal law and Bugis customary law both consider incest a prohibited sexual deviation. Although there are differences regarding the severity of sanctions against perpetrators, both legal routes have proven to be complementary and can be applied in court.
Alterations in arthropod and neuronal exosomes reduce virus transmission and replication in recipient cells
Authors: Fasae Kehinde Damilare , Neelakanta Girish , Sultana Hameeda
Published: August 2022

Aim: Targeting the modes of pathogen shedding/transmission via exosomes or extracellular vesicles has been envisioned as the best approach to control vector-borne diseases. This study is focused on altering exosomes stability to affect the pathogen transmission from infected to naïve recipient cells. Methods: In this study, neuronal or arthropod exosomes were treated at different temperatures or with different salts or pH conditions to analyze their ability and efficiency in the transmission of tick-borne Langat virus (LGTV) from infected to naïve recipient cells. Results: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting analyses revealed that treatment of neuronal or tick exosomes at warmer temperatures of 37 °C or 23 °C, respectively, or with sulfate salts such as Magnesium or Ammonium sulfates or with highly alkaline pH of 9 or 11.5, dramatically reduced transmission of LGTV via infectious exosomes (human or tick cells-derived) to human neuronal (SH-SY5Y) cells or skin keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), respectively. Conclusion: Overall, this study suggests that exosome-mediated viral transmission of vector-borne pathogens to the vertebrate host or the viral dissemination and replication within or between the mammalian host can be reduced by altering the ability of exosomes with basic changes in temperatures, salts or pH conditions.
ARIMA APLIKASI METODE BOX-JENKINS (ARIMA) UNTUK MERAMALKAN HARGA KOMODITAS CABAI MERAH
Authors:   Prodi Statistika, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Islam Indonesia Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Lestari Dian Widya , Yotenka Rahmadi ,   Prodi Statistika, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Islam Indonesia Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Published: August 2022

"Cabai merah merupakan salah satu komoditas strategis di Indonesia dan termasuk komoditas terbesar berdasarkan jumlah produksinya. Tanaman cabai merah memiliki masa panen lebih dari satu kali. Cabai merah di Indonesia terbilang tinggi dari segi kebutuhannya dan produksinya bersifat musiman sehingga membuat harga cabai merah fluktuatif. Analisis ARIMA salah satu metode yang cocok digunakan untuk peramalan data time series karena menggunakan nilai masa lalu dan sekarang untuk variabel dependen. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk memperoleh prediksi harga cabai merah untuk 12 periode mendatang. Data berupa harga konsumen cabai merah di Indonesia dari Januari 2017 sampai Desember 2021. Berdasarkan analisis diperoleh model terbaik untuk peramalan harga cabai merah yaitu ARIMA (2,0,0). Hasil peramalan untuk Januari hingga Desember 2022 menunjukkan harga konsumen cabai merah mengalami kenaikan namun cenderung stabil berada dalam range harga yang sama. Kata kunci: Harga Konsumen, Cabai Merah, ARIMA."
Automorphisms and Definability for Upward Complete Structures
Authors: Semenov Alexei L. , Soprunov Sergei F.
Published: August 2022

The Svenonius theorem establishes the correspondence between definability of relations in a countable structure and automorphism groups of these relations in the extension of the structure. This correspondence may help in finding the description of the definability lattice constituted by all definability spaces (reducts) of the original structure. However, the major difficulty here is the necessity to consider the extensions which generally are obscure and hardly amenable to classification. Because of that results on definability lattices were obtained only for $\omega$-categorical structures (i.\,e. those in which all elementary extensions are isomorphic to the structure itself). All known definability lattices for such structures proved to be finite. In this work we introduce the concept of upwards complete structure as such in which all its extensions are isomorphic. Further we define upwards completions structures. For such structures Galois correspondence between definability lattice and the lattice of closed supergroups of automorphism group of the structure is an anti-automorphism. These lattices could be infinite in general. We describe the natural class of structures which have upwards completion, that is discretely homogeneous graphs, present the explicit constrcution of their completion and automorphism groups of completions. We establish the general \emph{localness} property of discretely homogeneous graphs and present the examples of completable structures and their completions.
Pepino (Solanum muricatum) Metabolic Profiles and Soil Nutrient Association Analysis in Three Growing Sites on the Loess Plateau of Northwestern China
Authors: Sun Zhu , Wang Lihui , Zhong Qiwen , Yang Shipeng
Published: August 2022

Different soil nutrients affect plant metabolites accumulation characteristics. The main soil nutrients and their correlation with Pepino metabolites were investigated in this study to evaluate differences between greenhouses on the Loess Plateau in northwest China. A total of 269 Pepino metabolites in the fruits were identified using a UPLC-QTOF-MS approach from plants grown in three major Pepino growing regions. Their differential distribution characteristics were analyzed. 99 metabolites differed among the Pepino fruits in the three regions. The main classes of the differentially accumulated metabolites were ranked as Amino acids and derivatives, Nucleotides and derivatives, Organic acids, Alkaloids, Vitamins, Saccharides and Alcohols, Phenolic acids, Lipids, and others. Environmental factor analysis indicated that soil nutrients were the primary differentiating factor. Five soil nutrient indicators: TN（total nitrogen）, TP（total phosphorus）, AP（available phosphorus）, AK（available potassium）, and OM（organic matter）, exhibited significant differences in three growing sites. Metabolite and soil nutrient association analysis using redundancy analysis (RDA) and Mantel test indicated that TNand OM contributed to the accumulation of amino acids and derivatives, nucleotides and derivatives, and alkaloids while inhibiting organic acids, vitamins coagulation biosynthesis. Moreover, AP and TP were associated with the highest accumulation of saccharides and, alcohols, phenolic acids. Consequently, differences in soil nutrients were reflected in Pepino metabolites variability. This study clarified the metabolite variability and the relationship between Pepino and soil nutrients in the main planting areas of northwest China. It provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent development of Pepino's nutritional value and cultivation management.
RDT- AND MICROSCOPIC-BASED TRENDS OF MALARIA AMONG LOCAL AND MIGRANT POPULATIONS IN THE PROVINCE OF CENTRAL KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA DURING 2017-2020
Authors: ARWATI Heny , LESTARISA Trilianty , AUGUSTINA Indria , ROHMAH Etik Ainun , SUBEKTI Sri , KEMAN Soedjajadi , DACHLAN Yoes Prijatna
Published: August 2022

Background: Indonesia has demonstrated a significant progress in malaria elimination. Kapuas and Gunung Mas Districts in Central Kalimantan Province have not been freed from malaria and there is no information of malaria incidences in these areas. Palangka Raya city has been freed from malaria in 2018. Materials and Methods: The total number of 140 samples consisting of 75 malaria Giemsa-stained blood smears and 65 RDT cartridges from both local and migrant populations. Both males and females aged 15 years and above were included and their demographic data were recorded. The malaria trend in these areas was analyzed based on the number of cases, species of Plasmodium and the demographic characteristics of the enrolled subjects. Results: The study findings disclosed a yearly decrement of malaria trend in both local and migrant populations of the studied areas. The highest number of P. vivax infection (8.76%) occurred in 2018 among migrant population in Gunung Mas district, while P.falciparum infection was found in 2017 contributed by both population. The decreased number of cases was shown by very low number of cases during 2019 and 2020. The observed significant decrease in malaria incidences indicated the implementation of the malaria control programs at the sub-district level. Conclusion: To minimize malaria cases among gold miners, mosquito repellent, prophylactic administration of antimalarial drugs and enough enlightenment should be considered before and during their activities. From that standpoint, the effective collaboration between health officers and environmental authorities is recommended to control, prevent and eradicate malaria in these areas.
BIOFILM: FORMATION AND NATURAL PRODUCTS’ APPROACH TO CONTROL – A REVIEW.
Authors: OSUNGUNNA Michael Oluwole
Published: August 2022

Biofilm formation, especially on indwelling medical devices such as catheters, can result in infections and substantially affect patients' quality of life. Biofilm-associated infections have led to increased morbidity and mortality, increased cost of treatment, and length of hospital stay. However, all of the identified consequences of the biofilm-associated infections had been attributed to the reduced susceptibility of biofilm to conventional antimicrobial agents which has necessitated the development of a new strategy for biofilm infections control, thereby making a search for more effective antimicrobial agents from plant source inevitable. So far, some antimicrobial agents (crude or isolated compounds) from plant sources affect a specific stage of biofilm development while a few of them have been developed into a suitable dosage form for biofilm control. In this review, an attempt is made to look into some definitions of biofilm by "biofilmologists", stages in biofilm formation, mechanisms of resistance in biofilm, biofilm control strategies, the use of some natural products in biofilm control and concepts of probiotics as agents of biofilm control.
RAPID IMPLEMENTATION OF REAL-TIME REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (REAL-TIME RT-PCR) ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF SARS-COV-2 IN A MOROCCAN HOSPITAL
Authors: BELEFQUIH Bouchra , MAHER Wissal , CHEIKH Amine , HAMDANI Wail , ZAID Younes , KABBAJ Hakima , SEFFAR Meryem , DAKKA Hanae , HADAMI Khaoula , ALLAOUI Afaf , BENOUDA Amina
Published: August 2022

Background: The main challenge faced in the African countries was to implement efficient molecular diagnostic facilities and start Covid-19 diagnosis as fast as possible to handle the rapid and unpredictable rise of cases. Materials, Methods and Results: We describe our experience in implementing a molecular biology unit at Sheikh Zaïd International University Hospital in Rabat, with a delay as short as one week, and starting real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of SARS-Cov-2 infection, since the outbreak widened in Morocco in mid-March, 2020. Conclusion: The challenges encountered in the first period of Covid-19 pandemic are still present. This work aims to give an example of a rapid and adaptive response in order to maintain our diagnosis ability for Covid-19 and for other pathogens
Sediment supply from bank caving on the Lower Mississippi River, 1765 to present
Authors: Murray Autumn , Biedenharn David
Published: August 2022

Bank caving rates and associated total sediment supply were calculated along the Lower Mississippi River from Cairo, IL, to Baton Rouge, LA, using historical maps between 1765 and 1992. Comparison of these maps reveals that the added sediment loads from bank erosion have greatly declined through time. During the Pre-cutoff period (1765–1931), the cumulative sediment supply from bank caving between Cairo, IL, and Baton Rouge, LA, ranged from about 395 million cubic yards/year (MCY/yr) to 535 MCY/yr with a median value of approximately 470 MCY/yr. The 1880-1931 period had the highest rate of sediment supply from bank caving with a median value of approximately 610 MCY/yr. By the 1990s, the sediment supply from bank erosion was essentially eliminated as a result of the revetment program, with significant erosion being observed at only a few locations, totaling approximately 17 MCY/yr. This equates to approximately a 96% reduction in the amount of total sediment being supplied to the channel system from bank erosion.
Case Study: Emissions Study for Middle Eastern Operator Delivers Actionable Results
Authors: Howlett Natasha
Published: August 2022

Global energy-industry-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions rose by 6% in 2021 to 36.3 billion tons, the highest-ever level, as the world economy rebounded strongly from the COVID-19 crisis, according to an International Energy Agency (IEA) report.

Combined with the methane emissions estimates that the IEA published earlier this year and estimates of nitrous oxide and flaring-related CO2 emissions, the new analysis shows that overall greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions from the energy industry also rose to their highest-ever level in 2021—40.8 Gt of CO2 equivalent (CO2eq).

In the Middle East, decarbonization initiatives are gathering pace as environmental regulations become stricter around the world and companies are vying to be at the forefront of emission-reduction initiatives. While CO2 emissions in the Middle East are less compared with those in other regions, these oil- and gas-producing countries are under pressure to enhance their climate-change measures further.

Background and Challenge

A thorough understanding of a company’s current GHG footprint is fundamental in identifying effective emissions-reduction opportunities and design a pathway to net zero by 2050. This baseline serves as the foundation for planning and ensures consistent tracking of progress moving forward. Energy consultancy Xodus was invited by a major Middle Eastern operator to carry out an in-depth review of Scope 1, 2, and 3 GHG emissions across its entire portfolio and to establish the foundations for the development of a fact-based, achievable, and sustainable emissions-reduction plan.

The study had several challenges to overcome to ensure a reliable and representative outcome was achieved, including the large number of assets, interconnected production, and power sharing, as well as factors such as lack of metering and data availability. Utilizing its extensive experience in the carbon-reduction space to combine traditional engineering and unconventional approaches, the company established a robust emissions baseline.
Analysis of Post-Fracturing Pressure Tests Helps Develop Tight Sands Reservoirs
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: August 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 200206, “Lessons Learned From Recent Post-Fracturing Drawdown/Buildup Tests in Tight Sands Reservoirs,” by Ali Alshawaf, Mohammad Al Momen, SPE, and Ghaliah Khoja, SPE, Saudi Aramco, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Developing tight sandstone reservoirs across a vast area requires proper data collection and analysis. Because of the nature and heterogeneity of these reservoirs, several vertical and horizontal wells must be drilled and completed with multistage hydraulic fractures to assess their potential. An integrated work flow was developed to build a single-well model to predict the production, cumulative gas, and recovery factor for each well. The paper presents findings and key lessons learned to efficiently design pressure-buildup (PBU) tests in tight sandstone reservoirs.

Motivations and Challenges of Drawdown/Buildup Tests in Tight Sands

Pressure-transient analysis (PTA) can provide direct and accurate measurement of fracture and reservoir properties, flow regimes, and possible boundaries or faults away from the wellbore within the radius of investigation in conventional reservoirs. In tight sand reservoirs, a wide range of technical measurements is required, such as routine core analysis, log interpretation, diagnostic fracture injection tests (DFIT), post-fracture history matching, vertical lift, and infow performance matching to integrate all gathered data to support the technical understanding of the reservoir.
Toolkit Approach Aids Design of CCS Projects in Depleted Offshore Fields
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: August 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 31651, “A Toolkit for Carbon Capture and Storage in an Offshore Depleted Gas Field,” by Raj Deo Tewari, SPE, Chee Phuat Tan, SPE, and Mohd Faizal Sedaralit, SPE, Petronas. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2022 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.

Comprehensive screening for site selection has been carried out for suitable carbon dioxide (CO2) storage sites offshore Sarawak, Malaysia, using geographical, geological, geophysical, geomechanical, and reservoir engineering data and techniques for evaluating storage volume, container architecture, pressure, and temperature conditions. The site-specific input data are integrated into static and dynamic models for characterization and generation of performance scenarios of the site. Three-way coupled modeling helped to understand the likely state of injectants in the future and associated storage mechanisms. The work flow described in the complete paper may be adopted to evaluate other CO2 projects in both carbonate and clastic reservoirs for long-term storage of greenhouse gas (GHG) worldwide.

Introduction

Because fossil fuels are expected to remain a significant energy source until at least the middle of this century, techniques to capture and store produced CO2, combined with other efforts, could help stabilize GHG concentration in the atmosphere. The toolkit the authors present in the complete paper can help to design carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects for the oil and gas industry offshore. The authors aim to meet the following goals:

- Provide process descriptions by which CCS can protect the environment

- Describe steps required in planning and execution and post-operation

- Protect human health and safety

- Protect underground sources of drinking water and other natural resources

- Comply with regulations for emissions reduction

- Deploy technologies in an efficient and cost-effective manner

The authors devote much of the complete paper to a discussion of factors to be considered in storage-site screening and selection, including the characteristics of different types of storage sites and their mechanisms once CO2 is injected.
Peritoneal antiseptic irrigation to prevent surgical site infection after laparotomy for hepatobiliary or gastrointestinal surgery (PAISI) – Study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mueller Tara Catharina , Kehl Victoria , Egert-Schwender Silvia , Friess Helmut , Novotny Alexander , Reim Daniel
Published: August 2022

Background: Postoperative surgical site infections (SSI) remain common after laparotomy for resections of the gastrointestinal or hepatobiliary tract. Especially CDC class III SSIs (organ/space) can be life-threatening, require relaparotomy, intensive care or interventional drainage of intraabdominal abscesses. The PAISI study aims to investigate whether the use of prophylactic peritoneal irrigation with NaOCl/HOCl solution can reduce the SSI rates following laparotomy for resections of the gastrointestinal or hepatobiliary tract, compared to standard irrigation with physiological electrolyte solution (Ringer’s solution). Secondarily, to evaluate whether the use of prophylactic peritoneal irrigation with NaOCl/HOCl solution can reduce postoperative morbidity and mortality as well as the rate of re-operations and length of hospital stay.Methods: PAISI is a prospective, randomized, observer- and patient-blinded, monocentric, two-arm surgical study in an adaptive parallel groups design, comparing peritoneal and wound irrigation with NaOCl/HOCl (50/50ppm) solution to irrigation with Ringer’s solution. The primary endpoint of the study is the SSI rate within 30 days postoperatively. Since there is no data on incidence rates from randomized clinical trials, the rates for sample size calculation were estimated according to the clinical experience at our institution. Therefore, the study design includes one unblinded look at the data by a second statistician, which will be performed after half of the patients reached the primary endpoint. This interim information will be used to check the assumptions and if needed, the sample size will be adjusted. The O’Brien-Fleming spending function is used to determine the efficacy test boundary and the non-binding futility boundary. The one-sided z-test (Group sequential test of two proportions) at the 2.5% significance level with a total of two looks at the data will have overall 80% power.Discussion: The results of this study will provide high-level evidence for future research and clinical recommendations regarding the use of NaOCl/HOCl solution in abdominal surgery and provide the participating patients the opportunity of a potentially improved treatment.Trial registration: The study was registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) on the 27.05.2022, number DRKS00028037.
Performance and Design analysis of High Speed Charge Shared Dynamic Comparator for ADC Architecture in VLSI Application
Authors: Yadav Anurag , Wairya Subodh
Published: August 2022

An ultimate requirement of the less power, high speed and energy efficient analog to digital converters (ADCs) have given immense popularity to dual stage positive feedback based dynamic regenerative clocked comparators. In this paper, a dynamic comparator based on shared charge logic is proposed. The latch of the proposed comparator uses a PMOS transistor, which greatly reduces delay and power consumption. This, design can operate at maximum frequency of 2GHz at supply voltage of 0.8V. This circuit is designed with CMOS 90nm and 45-nm technology along with implementation in CNTFET 10-nm technology. The proposed architecture consumes power of 3.3 µW and delay of 58.4ps at 0.8V supply voltage, 5mV input difference voltage, 0.7V common mode voltage. The power consumption is 81.4% less when compared with CNTFET based proposed architecture. Thus, CNTFET technology is proving to be power efficient and can operate at supply voltage as low as 0.4V.The Monte Carlo simulation of proposed architecture for power, delay, PDP and energy efficiency is also demonstrated in this paper along with process corner analysis. Monte Carlo simulations for mismatch analysis and input offset voltage for proposed comparator are done. Mathematical analysis is done for the delay of the proposed comparator. A high performing 3-bit Flash ADC architecture is implemented using proposed dynamic comparator. This Flash ADC architecture is simulated on 90nm technology which results in large reduction in static power consumption.
Effects of enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer with or without docetaxel: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Zhuofan , Zhang Yifan , Luo Mayao , Lv Shidong , wei qiang , dang qiang
Published: August 2022

Background: Recently, treatment of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) has been significantly advanced. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was the standard of care for decades. However, as the primary mHSPC treatment, several next-generation androgen receptor inhibitors (NGARIs), such as enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide are increasingly used. Methods: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) was designed to compare the effects of enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide with or without docetaxel, a taxoid antineoplastic chemotherapy. We searched three databases (Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane) until March 2022 for patients with mHSPC who were treated with ADT in combination with one of three NGARIs. Docetaxel was administered to few patients. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint.Results: Survival data were extracted from four trials. It was selected after careful review of 1517 articles. Comparison with ADT monotherapy, combination therapy with enzalutamide, apalutamide, or darolutamide significantly increased OS. Enzalutamide was ranked the first, with an estimated 70.08% probability, followed by apalutamide (66.97%) and darolutamide (62.80%). When administered in combination with docetaxel, darolutamide had the lowest hazard ratio (HR) compared to ADT monotherapy (HR: 0.85, 95% credible interval [CrI]: 0.79–0.91). However, enzalutamide (HR: 0.96, 95% CrI: 0.81–1.1) and apalutamide (HR: 1.1, 95% CrI: 0.75–1.6) did not significantly prolong the OS time. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review and NMA suggest that enzalutamide may be the preferred therapy for mHSPC, followed by apalutamide and darolutamide. Furthermore, NGARIs have been shown to be more effective in patients with mHSPC than ADT. However, only darolutamide may increases OS when combined with docetaxel. Further, there were some potentially critical differences between these trials, such as study design, exist that might affect the outcome. Therefore, when choosing treatment options for different patients with mHSPC, these differences should be considered prior to deciding the best therapy for the patient.
Determination of Anti-aging Effect of Comfrey Cell Suspension Culture Extract on Human Normal Fibroblast Cells
Authors: Çallı Ayşenur , Bodurlar Yıldız , Korkut Senay Vural
Published: August 2022

This study was a purpose to investigate the anti-aging activity of Comfrey cell suspension culture (CCSC) extract. The effects of CCSC extract on human normal fibroblast cells (CRL-2076) were examined. Comfrey callus and suspension culture were obtained in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium including 1 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D). Total phenolic contents were determined in CCSC lyophilizes, the highest phenolic content was found to be 1181 µM gallic acid equivalent in the extract prepared with 70% ethanol solvent. The half-life concentration (IC50 value) of the extract was determined as 83 µg/ml with 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. It was found that CCSC extract incubated for 48 h did not reduce cell viability on CRL-2076 cells at doses of 100 and 200 µg/mL. The addition of the CCSC extract at 100 µg/mL concentration to aged CRL-2076 cells increased the collagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1) gene expression level 1.2-fold, elastin (ELN) gene expression level 1.4-fold, and hyaluronan synthase 3 (HAS3) gene expression level 1.4-fold. However, the addition of the CCSC extract at 200 µg/mL concentration to aged CRL-2076 cells increased the COL1A1 gene expression level 1.3-fold, ELN gene expression level 2.7-fold, and HAS3 gene expression level 1.7-fold. In the study, CCSC extract was shown to have anti-aging properties on CRL-2076 cells, suggesting that CCSC extract can be used as active raw material in natural anti-aging cosmetic products.
Low Back Pain and Motor Control Dysfunction After Pregnancy- The Possible Role of Abdominal Rectus Muscle Diastasis
Authors: Tuominen Reetta , Jahkola Tiina , Mikkonen Jani , Luomajoki Hannu , Arokoski Jari , Vironen Jaana
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE Pregnancy-related low back pain is common. Persistent postpartum abdominal diastasis recti may cause back pain and motor control dysfunction. The role of diastasis in pregnancy-related back pain is under debate. The aim of this study was to compare participants with increased symptoms after index pregnancy with those reporting no change in back pain or subjective movement control and analyzed their inter rectus distance (IRD).METHODS: This study is a case-control study of a cohort of women who had delivered a year earlier. We recruited participants with increased symptoms (n=14) after index pregnancy and controls (n=41) and recorded their inter rectus distance with ultrasound. A questionnaire was filled, and an ultrasound was performed two times for the study groups.RESULTS: At the baseline there was no significant difference in IRD between cases and controls (mean 2.45±1.01 cm and 2.09±1.03 cm respectively). A year after index pregnancy cases had significantly wider IRD than controls (mean 3.45±0.90 cm and 2.40±0.79 cm respectively). Motor control dysfunction tests were not associated with core stability problems or back pain in this cohort. There was a difference in sit-up test between cases and controls (mean 4.7±4.2 and 8.2±3.9 respectively).CONCLUSION Women who reported increased back pain and core instability after index pregnancy had wider inter rectus diameter compared to controls. In case group with more symptom after pregnancy the classification of ARD changed from mild abdominal rectus diastasis (2-3cm) to moderate (>3-5cm). Abdominal rectus diastasis may have a role in persistent pregnancy related lumbopelvic pain.
Subcritical Water Treatment of Nigerian Cassava Peels for Liquefaction and Characterization
Authors: Ogbonna Jane Chizie , Nakajima Mitsutoshi , Neves Marcos , Ogbonna James Chukwuma
Published: August 2022

Cassava peels are currently underutilized with about 23 million metric tons discarded annually in Africa as by-products, causing environmental pollution. However, cassava peels have been reported to consist about 50% total polysaccharides including fibers. Subcritical water treatment also referred to as hydrothermal liquefaction, which is a green technology using only water as solvent for liquefaction of compounds was employed in this study to liquefy the cassava peel. The liquefied solid was further characterized by determining the liquefaction yield, total carbohydrate, total phenol and cyanide contents. Cassava peels liquefaction yield reached 68.4% at a treatment temperature of 140°C but decreased to 38.4% at 200°C. Cassava peels liquefied at 140°C also had the highest total phenol contents. High temperature denatures total phenolic compounds, hence the resulting maximum concentration of 0.23 mg/g was obtained at 140°C. The cyanide content decreased sharply from 5.58 µg/ml at 25°C to 2.1 µg/ml at 200°C.The total carbohydrate content was also highest at a treatment temperature of 140°C. The liquefied cassava peel showed good emulsification property. These results suggest that subcritical water treatment of cassava peel can be used for liquefaction as an environmentally friendly technology and that the liquefied solid have some potential industrial applications.
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Jensen-Trigonometric Divergence Measures for Solving Multi-attribute Decision-Making Problem
Authors: Gora Pawan , Tomar Vijay P.
Published: August 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Correlation of Helicobacter pylori infection with atherosclerosis and its risk factors
Authors: Huang Xishun , Qiu Yaohui , Zheng Xuan , Luo Meixuan , Wang Yitao , Yi Jiao , Luo Xiaohua
Published: August 2022

Objective
The correlation of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) with atherosclerosis (AS) was investigated, and its risk factors were analyzed to provide theoretical references for clinical treatment.
Methods
From August 2018 to July 2021, 12560 physical examiners were involved in a physical examination conducted at our center. Herein, some physical examiners were randomly selected as the research objects. Among the subjects, 72 were diagnosed with coronary AS(AS group), 48 with thrombotic stroke (CT group), and 58 with cerebral infarction (CI group). Meanwhile, 100 healthy examiners were assigned to the control group. The enrolled objects were exposed to 13C urea breath test to detect Hp infection. In addition, all subjects were exposed to fasting hemospasia for the detection of the levels of homocysteine (Hcy), uric acid (UA), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG); and their correlations with Hp infection were also analyzed.
Result
The detection rates of Hp in the AS,CI,CT, and control groups were 56.94% (41/72), 60.34% (35/58), 58.33% (28/48), and 27.0% (27/100), respectively. The detection rates of Hp in the AS, CI, and CT groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05); the levels of LDL-C, TC, and TG of the AS,CI, and CT groups were higher than those of the control group, while the HDL-C level of the AS ,CI,and CT groups was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05); The levels of LDL-C, TC, and TG of the 3 Hp infection groups was higher than those of the Hp-negative group, while the level of HDL of the 3 Hp infection groups was lower than that of the Hp negative group (P < 0.05). When compared with the Hp-negative group, UA, LDL-C, TG, Hcy, and age of the Hp positive group were higher than those of the negative group, while HDL-C of the Hp-positive group was lower than that of the Hp-negative group (P < 0.01). Logical univariate analysis revealed that TC, LDL-C, and age are the risk factors for Hp infection (OR > 1, P < 0.01), while HDL-C is a protection factor against Hp infection (OR < 1, P < 0.01). Logistic multivariate analysis revealed that HDL -C acted as a protective factor against Hp infection (P < 0.01).
Conclusions
Hp and AS exhibited a correlation. Indeed, Hp infection can significantly damage lipid metabolism, and high HDL cholesterol levels can reduce Hp infection, and hence has the potential for use as a vascular protective factor.
Self-stigma in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 40 studies from 25 high- and low-to-middle income countries
Authors: FOND Guillaume , Vidal Martin , joseph morgane , etchecopar-etchart damien , Solmi Marco , Correll Cristoph , Boyer Laurent
Published: August 2022

In schizophrenia, it is currently thought that stigma experience is increased by psychotic and depressive symptomatology, exposure to stigma at the workplace, and that self-stigma levels vary across countries without knowing the factors explaining these variations. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to synthetize the data of observational studies comprehensively exploring multiple self-stigma dimensions and associated factors. A systematic literature search without language or time restrictions was conducted in Medline, Google Scholar and Web of Science for studies, last 09/2021. Eligible studies that included ≥ 80% of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and used a validated scale measuring self-stigma dimensions were meta-analyzed using random-effects models, followed by subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Study registration: PROSPERO CRD42020185030. Across 40 studies (n = 7,717) from 25 countries (5 continents), with 20 studies conducted in high-income countries, published between 2007 and 2020 using two scales with total scores ranging 1–4. The mean estimate of perceived stigma was 2.76 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.60–2.94], experienced stigma 2.29 [95%CI = 2.18,2.41], alienation 2.40 [95%CI = 2.29,2.52], stereotype endorsement 2.06 [95%CI = 1.88,2.26], social withdrawal 2.28 [95%CI = 2.17,2.39] and stigma resistance: 2.53 [95%CI = 2.43,2.63]). Self-stigma levels did not reduce over time. Living outside urban areas, low income, singleness, unemployment, high antipsychotic dose and low functioning were associated with different stigma dimensions. Some stigma dimensions were lower in studies carried out in Europe compared to other regions. Most studies published since 2007 report that self-stigma is a particular concern for a specific subgroup of patients. This subgroup is characterized by singleness, unemployment, repeated psychiatric hospitalizations and is also probably more depressed, but data are imprecise to confirm this point. We identified important other missing factors that should be explored to improve the effectiveness of public policies and personalized interventions to reduce self-stigma. Importantly, classical illness severity indices (psychotic severity, age at illness onset, illness duration) and sociodemographic variables (age, sex and education) were not associated with self-stigma, moderating previous findings.
Proteomic analysis demonstrates that Bidens pilosa root exudates differentially impact Pteris multifida gametophyte growth
Authors: Zhang Kaimei , Fan Likun , White Jason , Shen Yu
Published: August 2022

The Novel Weapon Hypothesis (NWH) implicates root exudates as a primary factor for successful take over and destruction of native flora by invasive species. However, the precise mechanisms by which invasive species root exudates mediate this impact are unclear. This study compares and evaluates specific allelochemical impacts on native plants under invasive pressure. Specifically, after 10 days’ exposure, a label-free proteomics was applied to analyze the proteins and responsive pathway in Pteris multifida gametophyte upon exposure to two Bidens pilosa root exudates, undecane and palmitic acid. And each treatment has three biological replicates. The data show that 2183 proteins were detected in the untreated P. multifida gametophyte; 1911 proteins in the gametophyte treated with the undecane, and 2148 proteins in the gametophyte treated with palmitic acid. After exposure for 10 days, undecane treated gametophytes exhibited morphological anomalies and exhibited chlorosis; palmitic acid exposure induced no such effects, although development was delayed relative to the control. Using GO functional protein analysis and KEGG pathways detection, we found that the root exudates played different roles on gammopathy growth. Undecane down regulated fatty acid biosynthesis, damaging the cell and chloroplast membrane, and ultimately leading to cell death. Palmitic acid down regulated flavonoid biosynthesis, compromising the gametophyte photosystem and increasing oxidative stress risk. These findings align with NWH, indicating that the exudate release profile is important to the invasion of non-native species, and have implications for the successful management and control of invasive plant species in agriculture and environment.
Degenerative characteristics of multifidus at different vertebral levels of scoliosis in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis and relationship of these degenerative characteristics with surface electromyography activity
Authors: Xie Hongru , Liu Jianan , He Yinchuan , Zhang Zepei , Meng Lin , Miao Jun
Published: August 2022

Background
Previous studies have investigated the imaging changes of the paravertebral muscles (PVM) in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS); however, most of these studies focused on the apical vertebra (AV) level or compared with the average of the whole-segment measurement. In this study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to analyze the degenerative characteristics of the multifidus (MF) in patients with DLS at three levels of scoliosis ( upper end vertebra [UEV], AV, and lower end vertebra [LEV]).
Methods
Forty patients with DLS (DLS group) and 40 healthy individuals without lumbar scoliosis (control group) were evaluated. The percentage of fat infiltration area (%FIA) and muscle relative cross-sectional area (rCSA) of the MF at the three levels of scoliosis were measured on MRI, whereas the sEMG activity of the participants in both groups was recorded during action tasks. The imaging parameters, sEMG activity, and relationship between them were analyzed.
Results
In the control group, there were no significant differences in the %FIA, rCSA, or sEMG activation of the MF between the bilateral sides at the three measured levels. In the DLS group, measurement of the MF at the UEV and AV levels showed that the %FIA was larger on the concave than convex side and that the rCSA was smaller on the concave than convex side, but there was no difference between the two parameters at the LEV level. In the standing flexion and extension tasks, the sEMG activation of the MF was higher on the concave than convex side. The coronal Cobb angle was correlated with the difference in the measurement data of the MF at the UEV and AV levels, but not with the difference at the LEV level.
Conclusion
The MF in patients with DLS has the same degenerative features at the UEV and AV levels, with the concave side showing greater degeneration; however, there are different degenerative manifestations at the LEV level. The MF degeneration at the UEV and AV levels is the result of spinal deformity, while the muscle changes at the LEV level are more consistent with natural degeneration.
GSK3 inhibitor suppresses cell growth and metabolic process in FLT3-ITD leukemia cells
Authors: Li Tianyu , Xia Jing , Feng Shuxian , Zhou Jian , Zhang Lin , Shi Dingfang , Wang Mengjie , Zhu Yi , Bu Chaozhi , Xu Daming
Published: August 2022

Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) was recently implicated in the dysregulated biology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Low concentrations of GSK-3 inhibitors, SB216763 and BIO, suppressed the proliferation of AML cells with FLT3-ITD as early as 24 h after treatment. BIO was used in subsequent assays since it exhibited higher inhibitory effects than SB216763. BIO induced G1 cell cycle arrest by regulating the expression of cyclin D2 and p21 in MV4-11 cells, and promoted apoptosis by regulating the cleaved-caspase3 and AKT signaling pathways. In vivo assays demonstrated that BIO suppressed tumor growth, while metabolomics assay showed that BIO reduced the levels of ATP and pyruvate in MV4-11 cells suggesting that it inhibited glycolysis. BIO markedly suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis of AML cells with FLT3-ITD by partially inhibiting glycolysis, suggesting that BIO may be a promising therapeutic candidate for AML.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a Deep Learning Lung Nodule Detection System
Authors: Katase Shichiro , Ichinose Akimichi , Hayashi Mahiro , Watanabe Masanaka , Chin Kinka , Takeshita Yuhei , Shiga Hisae , Tateishi Hidekatsu , Onozawa Shiro , Shirakawa Yuya , Yamashita Koji , Shudo Jun , Nakamura Keigo , Nakanishi Akihito , Kuroki Kazunori , Yokoyama Kenichi
Published: August 2022

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths throughout the world. In screening and diagnosis of lung cancer, chest computed tomography (CT) is now widely used due to its effectiveness. Radiologists need to identify each small nodule shadow from 3D volume images, which is very burdensome and often results in missed nodules. To address these challenges, we developed a Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) system that automatically detects lung nodules in CT images.Methods: A total of 1,997 chest CT images were collected for algorithm development. The algorithm was designed using deep learning technology. In addition to evaluating detection performance on various public datasets, its robustness to changes in radiation dose was assessed by a phantom study. To investigate the clinical usefulness of the CAD system, a reader study was conducted with 10 doctors, including inexperienced and expert readers. In this study, whether using the CAD as a second reader would prevent nodular lesions in lungs that require follow-up examinations from being overlooked was investigated. Analysis was performed using the Jackknife Free-Response Receiver-Operating Characteristic (JAFROC).Results: The CAD system achieved sensitivity of 0.98/0.96 at 3.1/7.25 false positives per case on two public datasets. Sensitivity did not change within the range of practical doses for a study using a phantom. A second reader study showed that the use of this system significantly improved the detection ability of nodules that could be picked up clinically (p = 0.026).Conclusions: A deep learning-based CAD system that is robust to imaging conditions was developed, and it was found that using this system as a second reader increases detection performance.
Identification of risk factors for hypertension in overweight and obese people and analysis of risk factor interactions: An R-based analysis
Authors: Li LuWei , Cheng SiShuai , Xu GuoQuan
Published: August 2022

Objective
This study identified the independent risk factors for hypertension in overweight and obese people and also analyzed the interaction between the risk factors.
Methods
A total of 5098 overweight and obese people were enrolled in this study. First, the clinical metabolic characteristics of hypertension and control groups were compared. The logistic regression (LR) and classification and regression trees (CRT)-based decision tree (DT) models were used to screen the independent risk factors for hypertension in overweight and obese people. The multiplicative and additive scale analyses were used to analyze the two risk factors with interaction from the perspective of statistics and biological interaction. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves were used to analyze the accuracy and identification ability of the LR and DT models.
Results
Age, UA, FPG, SBP, Cr, AST, TG, and FPG were higher in the hypertension group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The results of LR revealed that NAFLD, FPG, age, TG, LDL-c, UA, and Cr were positively correlated with hypertension in overweight and obese people, and GFR was negatively correlated with hypertension in overweight and obese people (P < 0.05). The DT model suggested that the risk factors of age, FPG, and UA interacted with each other. The multiplicative single and multiple factor analysis for FPG + UA, age + UA, age + FPG revealed a positive multiplicative interaction (P < 0.05, B ≠ 0, OR > 1). The additive single and multiple factor analysis for age + UA indicated a positive additive interaction. The ROC and calibration curve analysis indicated that the CRT decision tree, FPG + UA, age + UA, and age + FPG have certain accuracy and discrimination ability.
Conclusion
The independent risk factors for hypertension in overweight and obese people included NAFLD, FPG, age, TG, LDL-c, UA, and Cr. Among these, age + UA exhibited synergistic interaction, thereby providing a reference for the prevention and control of hypertension in overweight and obese people.