bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of male circumcision in four culturally non-circumcising counties in western Kenya after 10 years of program implementation from 2008 to 2019
Authors: Odoyo-June Elijah , Davis Stephanie , Owuor Nandi , Laube Catey , Wambua Jonesmus , Musingila Paul , Young Peter W. , Aoko Appolonia , Agot Kawango , Joseph Rachael , Mwandi Zebedee , Ojiambo Vincent , Lucas Todd , Toledo Carlos , Wanyonyi Ambrose
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Kenya started implementing voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) for HIV prevention in 2008 and adopted the use of decision makers program planning tool version 2 (DMPPT2) in 2016, to model the impact of circumcisions performed annually on the population prevalence of male circumcision (MC) in the subsequent years. Results of initial DMPPT2 modeling included implausible MC prevalence estimates, of up to 100%, for age bands whose sustained high uptake of VMMC pointed to unmet needs. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among adolescents and men aged 10–29 years to determine the population level MC prevalence, guide target setting for achieving the goal of 80% MC prevalence and for validating DMPPT2 modelled estimates.

Methods

Beginning July to September 2019, a total of 3,569 adolescents and men aged 10–29 years from households in Siaya, Kisumu, Homa Bay and Migori Counties were interviewed and examined to establish the proportion already circumcised medically or non-medically. We measured agreement between self-reported and physically verified circumcision status and computed circumcision prevalence by age band and County. All statistical were test done at 5% level of significance.

Results

The observed MC prevalence for 15-29-year-old men was above 75% in all four counties; Homa Bay 75.6% (95% CI [69.0–81.2]), Kisumu 77.9% (95% CI [73.1–82.1]), Siaya 80.3% (95% CI [73.7–85.5]), and Migori 85.3% (95% CI [75.3–91.7]) but were 0.9–12.4% lower than DMPPT2-modelled estimates. For young adolescents 10–14 years, the observed prevalence ranged from 55.3% (95% CI [40.2–69.5]) in Migori to 74.9% (95% CI [68.8–80.2]) in Siaya and were 25.1–32.9% lower than DMMPT 2 estimates. Nearly all respondents (95.5%) consented to physical verification of their circumcision status with an agreement rate of 99.2% between self-reported and physically verified MC status (kappa agreement p-value<0.0001).

Conclusion

This survey revealed overestimation of MC prevalence from DMPPT2-model compared to the observed population MC prevalence and provided new reference data for setting realistic program targets and re-calibrating inputs into DMPPT2. Periodic population-based MC prevalence surveys, especially for established programs, can help reconcile inconsistencies between VMMC program uptake data and modeled MC prevalence estimates which are based on the number of procedures reported in the program annually.
The Edinburgh Lifetime Musical Experience Questionnaire (ELMEQ): Responses and non-musical correlates in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936
Authors: Okely Judith A. , Deary Ian J. , Overy Katie
Published: July 2021

There is growing evidence of the potential effects of musical training on the human brain, as well as increasing interest in the potential contribution of musical experience to healthy ageing. Conducting research on these topics with older adults requires a comprehensive assessment of musical experience across the lifespan, as well as an understanding of which variables might correlate with musical training and experience (such as personality traits or years of education). The present study introduces a short questionnaire for assessing lifetime musical training and experience in older populations: the Edinburgh Lifetime Musical Experience Questionnaire (ELMEQ). 420 participants from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 completed the ELMEQ at a mean age of 82 years. We used their responses to the ELMEQ to address three objectives: 1) to report the prevalence of lifetime musical experience in a sample of older adults; 2) to demonstrate how certain item-level responses can be used to model latent variables quantifying experience in different musical domains (playing a musical instrument, singing, self-reported musical ability, and music listening); and 3) to examine non-musical (lifespan) correlates of these domains. In this cohort, 420 of 431 participants (97%) completed the questionnaire. 40% of participants reported some lifetime experience of playing a musical instrument, starting at a median age of 10 years and playing for a median of 5 years. 38% of participants reported some lifetime experience of singing in a group. Non-musical variables of childhood environment, years of education, childhood cognitive ability, female sex, extraversion, history of arthritis and fewer constraints on activities of daily living were found to be associated, variously, with the domains of playing a musical instrument, singing, self-reported musical ability, and music listening. The ELMEQ was found to be an effective research tool with older adults and is made freely available for future research.
Living with the pathogenic chytrid fungus: Exploring mechanisms of coexistence in the harlequin toad Atelopus cruciger
Authors: Ballestas Onil , Lampo Margarita , Rodríguez Diego
Published: July 2021

Chytridiomycosis, a disease caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has been linked with the disappearance of amphibian populations worldwide. Harlequin toads (Atelopus) are among the most severely impacted genera. Two species are already considered extinct and most of the others are at high risk of extinction. The recent rediscovery of harlequin toad populations coexisting with Bd suggest that the pathogen can maintain enzootic cycles at some locations. The mechanisms promoting coexistence, however, are not well understood. We explore the dynamics of Bd infection in harlequin toads by modeling a two-stage host population with transmission through environmental reservoirs. Simulations showed that variations in the recruitment of adults and the persistence of zoospores in the environment were more likely to drive shifts between extinction and coexistence than changes in the vulnerability of toads to infection with Bd. These findings highlight the need to identify mechanisms for assuring adult recruitment or minimizing transmission from potential reservoirs, biotic or abiotic, in recovering populations.
Predicting performance in 4 x 200-m freestyle swimming relay events
Authors: Wu Paul Pao-Yen , Babaei Toktam , O’Shea Michael , Mengersen Kerrie , Drovandi Christopher , McGibbon Katie E. , Pyne David B. , Mitchell Lachlan J. G. , Osborne Mark A.
Published: July 2021

Aim

The aim was to predict and understand variations in swimmer performance between individual and relay events, and develop a predictive model for the 4x200-m swimming freestyle relay event to help inform team selection and strategy.

Data and methods

Race data for 716 relay finals (4 x 200-m freestyle) from 14 international competitions between 2010–2018 were analysed. Individual 200-m freestyle season best time for the same year was located for each swimmer. Linear regression and machine learning was applied to 4 x 200-m swimming freestyle relay events.

Results

Compared to the individual event, the lowest ranked swimmer in the team (-0.62 s, CI = [−0.94, −0.30]) and American swimmers (−0.48 s [−0.89, −0.08]) typically swam faster 200-m times in relay events. Random forest models predicted gold, silver, bronze and non-medal with 100%, up to 41%, up to 63%, and 93% sensitivity, respectively.

Discussion

Team finishing position was strongly associated with the differential time to the fastest team (mean decrease in Gini (MDG) when this variable was omitted = 31.3), world rankings of team members (average ranking MDG of 18.9), and the order of swimmers (MDG = 6.9). Differential times are based on the sum of individual swimmer’s season’s best times, and along with world rankings, reflect team strength. In contrast, the order of swimmers reflects strategy. This type of analysis could assist coaches and support staff in selecting swimmers and team orders for relay events to enhance the likelihood of success.
Short- and long-term outcomes of infective endocarditis admission in adults: A population-based registry study in Finland
Authors: Ahtela Elina , Oksi Jarmo , Vahlberg Tero , Sipilä Jussi , Rautava Päivi , Kytö Ville
Published: July 2021

Infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with high mortality. However, data on factors associated with length of stay (LOS) in hospital due to IE are scarce. In addition, long-term mortality of more than 1 year is inadequately known. In this large population-based study we investigated age and sex differences, temporal trends, and factors affecting the LOS in patients with IE and in-hospital, 1-year, 5-year and 10-year mortality of IE. Data on patients (≥18 years of age) admitted to hospital due to IE in Finland during 2005–2014 were collected retrospectively from nationwide obligatory registries. We included 2166 patients in our study. Of the patients 67.8% were men. Women were older than men (mean age 63.3 vs. 59.5, p<0.001). The median LOS was 20.0 days in men and 18.0 in women, p = 0.015. In the youngest patients (18–39 years) the median LOS was significantly longer than in the oldest patients (≥80 years) (24.0 vs. 16.0 days, p = 0.014). In-hospital mortality was 10% with no difference between men and women. Mortality was 22.7% at 1 year whereas 5- and 10-year mortality was 37.5% and 48.5%, respectively. The 5-year and 10-year mortality was higher in women (HR 1.18, p = 0.034; HR 1.18, p = 0.021). Both in-hospital and long-term mortality increased significantly with aging and comorbidity burden. Both mortality and LOS remained stable over the study period. In conclusion, men had longer hospital stays due to IE compared to women. The 5- and 10-year mortality was higher in women. The mortality of IE or LOS did not change over time.
Genetic structure and temporal environmental niche dynamics of sideoats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.] populations in Mexico
Authors: Álvarez-Holguín Alan , Morales-Nieto Carlos Raúl , Corrales-Lerma Raúl , Prieto-Amparán Jesús Alejandro , Villarreal-Guerrero Federico , Sánchez-Gutiérrez Ricardo Alonso
Published: July 2021

In the past years, several plant breeding programs have been done to select outstanding genotypes of sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula) for restoration purposes. Such programs have been focused mainly on agronomic traits; however, little attention has been paid to the genetic structure and environmental adaptation of the selected genotypes. Thus, in this study we evaluated the genetic structure of 85 sideoats grama populations in Mexico. In addition, we modeled the past, present and future environmental niche of the genetic clusters of this species. Ninety sideoats grama populations were genetically analyzed through AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms) markers. The environmental niche of the population clusters was modeled by using the maximum entropy method. The genetic analysis separated the populations into two genetically different clusters (p = 0.0003). The differentiation of these lineages can be partially explained by the paleoclimatic events experienced during the last interglacial and glacial maximums. Consequently, the genetic clusters have different environmental niche at the present time. Suitability areas for the distribution of Cluster I are mainly located in the central part of the country while the environmental niche of Cluster II is located in the semiarid region, close to the mountain range of the Sierra Madre Occidental. Thus, selection and restoration programs with sideoats grama must be carried out using local germplasm from each environmental niche. Given the environmental niche of both genetic clusters will suffer changes in the near and mid-century future, climate change must be considered for genotypes selection and restoration programs.
Risk factors for precancerous cervical lesion among women screened for cervical cancer in south Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study
Authors: Beyene Tesfalidet , Akibu Mohammed , Bekele Henok , Seyoum Wengelawit
Published: July 2021

Background

Nearly 90% of deaths from cervical cancer occur in a low resource setting. In Ethiopia, the magnitude of precancerous cervical lesions ranges from 7% to 28%. Precancerous cervical lesions may progress to cervical cancer. Early screening and treatment of precancerous cervical lesions is a cost-effective way to avert the growth of cervical cancer. However, there has been limited research on risk factors for precancerous cervical lesions in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify risk factors for precancerous cervical lesions among women screened for cervical cancer in south Ethiopia.

Method

A facility-based unmatched case-control study was carried out in five health facilities in south Ethiopia between 8 May to 28 September 2018. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used to collect data from 98 cases and 197 controls. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify determinants of precancerous cervical lesions.

Results

Women aged 30–39 years (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.03–6.08), monthly income ≤66 (AOR = 3.51, 95% CI: 1.77–6.97), initiation of first sexual intercourse at age less than or equal to 20 (AOR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.14–5.47), having more than one lifetime sexual partner (AOR = 4.70, 95% CI: 2.02–10.95), having a partner/ husband with more than one lifetime sexual partner (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.35–6.65) had higher odds of precancerous cervical lesions.

Conclusion and recommendation

Strategies to prevent precancerous cervical lesions should focus on modification of lifestyle and sexual behaviour. The findings of this study highlight several implications for policymakers: targeting older women for cervical cancer screening, addressing inequalities and education relating to risky sexual behaviour may reduce precancerous cervical lesions. Furthermore, future longitudinal studies are needed to assess the awareness of women about cervical cancer screening.
‘Excessive sweating is not a feminine thing’: A qualitative study of women’s experiences suffering from primary hyperhidrosis
Authors: Shayesteh Alexander , Persson Margareta , Brulin Christine , Nylander Elisabet
Published: July 2021

Background

Primary hyperhidrosis, excessive focal sweating is a common disease equally affecting men and women. Women tend to seek care more often and assess being more affected by hyperhidrosis in their daily life. The aim of this study was to explore experiences of living with primary hyperhidros in a sample of 15 women.

Methods

Individual, semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 15 women diagnosed with primary hyperhidrosis and analysed by qualitative content analysis utilising an inductive approach.

Results

The analysis resulted in a theme, constantly guarding the female image, based on three categories, misfitting the feminine norms, avoiding the attention of others and passing like any woman. Primary hyperhidrosis in women disrupted the ideal feminine appearance. Wearing clothes that concealed hyperhidrosis and distancing from social gatherings, in combination with negative remarks by others, created stress and anxiety and had a negative effect on self-esteem. Women felt poorly understood by others regarding the extent of their sweating and were misunderstood in intimate situations while trying to reduce the sweat production. Choices regarding education and career opportunities were affected, since being exposed and receiving attention due to primary hyperhidrosis was unwanted. Treatment with botulinum toxin liberated women from excessive sweating and removed a social handicap they described living with.

Conclusion

Primary hyperhidrosis in women disrupts the feminine appearance, lowers self-esteem and hinders social interactions. Clinicians assessing primary hyperhidrosis need to be aware that women may report the impairments from primary hyperhidrosis as being more associated with body image and appearance than with functional reductions in daily life. Educating patients, providing accurate information regarding the disease via media and cooperating with patient groups are important for increasing awareness and achieving progress in care for women with primary hyperhidrosis.
Caesarian section (CS) delivery in Bangladesh: A nationally representative cross-sectional study
Authors: Ahmmed Foyez , Manik Muhammad Mahabub Rahaman , Hossain Md. Jamal
Published: July 2021

A growing trend in the caesarian section (CS) for delivery is a threat to child health as well as maternal health. This study was conducted to identify the potential socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with CS delivery in Bangladesh. Data obtained from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2014 has been used for this study. The prevalence of CS delivery among Bangladeshi mothers was 24% (Urban: 36.9%, Rural: 17.9%). A two-level logistic regression showed that mothers having delivery in the private sector or private hospital (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 38.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 29.58 to 50.62), mother’s age 25–35 years (AOR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.26 to 2.37), wealth index average (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.27) and rich (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.29 to 2.51), antenatal visit 1–2 (AOR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.47 to 3.64) and ≥ 3 (AOR = 3.68, 95% CI = 2.35 to 5.76), overweight mothers (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.90), multiple births (AOR = 3.87, 95% CI = 1.15 to 12.58), husband’s occupation professional/technical/managerial (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.47) were significantly more prone to CS delivery. Also, place of residence, number of family members, birth order, child’s size during birth, and divisions of Bangladesh, were potentially associated with CS delivery. The current epidemiological findings and evidence suggest adopting and implementing some urgent clinical practices and strict guidelines in the healthcare system to avoid unnecessary CS delivery in Bangladesh.
Prediction of well-being and insight into work-life integration among physicians using machine learning approach
Authors: Nishi Masahiro , Yamano Michiyo , Matoba Satoaki
Published: July 2021

There has been increasing interest in examining physician well-being and its predictive factors. However, few studies have revealed the characteristics associated with physician well-being and work-life integration using a machine learning approach. To investigate predictive factors of well-being and obtain insights into work-life integration, the survey was conducted by letter mail in a sample of Japanese physicians. A total of 422 responses were collected from 846 physicians. The mean age was 47.9 years, males constituted 83.3% of the physicians, and 88.6% were considered to be well. The most accurate machine learning model showed a mean area under the curve of 0.72. The mean permutation importance of career satisfaction, work hours per week, existence of family support, gender, and existence of power harassment were 0.057, 0.022, 0.009, 0.01, and 0.006, respectively. Using a machine learning model, physician well-being could be predicted. It seems to be influenced by multiple factors, such as career satisfaction, work hours per week, family support, gender, and power harassment. Career satisfaction has the highest impact, while long work hours have a negative effect on well-being. These findings support the need for organizational interventions to promote physician well-being and improve the quality of medical care.
Protocol for a scoping review of research on abortion in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Juma Kenneth , Ouedraogo Ramatou , Mwoka Meggie , Ajayi Anthony Idowu , Igonya Emmy , Otukpa Emmanuel Oloche , Ushie Boniface Ayanbekongshie
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Unsafe abortion is a leading cause of maternal mortality, and access to safe abortion services remains a public health priority in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A considerable amount of abortion research exists in the region; however, the spread of existing evidence is uneven such that some countries have an acute shortage of data with others over-researched. The imbalance reflects the complexities in prioritization among researchers, academics, and funders, and undeniably impedes effective policy and advocacy efforts. This scoping review aims to identify and map the landscape of abortion research in SSA, summarize existing knowledge, and pinpoint significant gaps, both substantive and geographic, requiring further investigation. This review will provide direction for future research, investments, and offer guidance for policy and programming on safe abortion.

Materials and methods

We utilize the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology for conducting scoping reviews. We will perform the search for articles in 8 electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, AJOL, Science Direct, SCOPUS, HINARI, Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, and WHO Regional Databases). We will include studies written in English or French language, produced or published between January 1, 2011, and July 31, 2021, and pertain directly to the subject of abortion in SSA. Using a tailored extraction frame, we will extract relevant information from publications that meet the inclusion criteria. Data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis in response to key review questions.

Ethics and dissemination

Formal ethical approval is not required, as no primary data will be collected. The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
sonidos agrícolas del pasado vasco en el entorno urbano
Authors: Gaztañaga Garabieta Arantza
Published: July 2021

En este artículo queremos exponer una práctica artística y experimental de arte participativo, realizada entre los años 2016 y 2018, en el que se presentaba un objeto tradicional llamado txalaparta en relación con un espacio. Dos puestas en escena, en dos sitios diferentes de un mismo objeto, uno de ellos en donde el instrumento es conocido, mientras que en el otro no. Dentro de esos espacios, la artista y espectador crean un vínculo en el que la visualización de una nueva adaptación sistemática de este objeto trasladado al soporte cerámico se conjuga en el entorno urbano, llamando así la atención de la gente y haciéndoles partícipes de un proceso de recepción estética, conformando círculos relacionales en el que la artista se posiciona en lugar del espectador y viceversa. Interpretamos aquellos sonidos del pasado vasco como una experiencia musical urbana, que se convierte en fundamental y a la vez dinámica, en la que la perspectiva y actitud social de la gente cambia por las diferencias culturales.
Registro de identidades de ecosistemas sonoros urbanos como base para la creación artística contemporánea
Authors: Cornelio Yacaman Jaime Alejandro
Published: July 2021

La identidad sonora de un ecosistema se manifiesta de modo complejo, en constante transformación, respondiendo en cada momento a distintos fenómenos que constituyen o emergen en cada lugar. El registro de los sonidos que emergen de ecosistemas urbanos forma parte de una experiencia cognoscitiva que es posible analizar, identificar y usar en la creación plástica. A partir de las preguntas de investigación: ¿Qué elementos temporales, espaciales, geográficos, sociales y perceptivos (subjetivos) intervienen en la construcción de un ecosistema sonoro?, ¿Qué factores deben tomarse en consideración durante su registro?, y, ¿Cómo puede el registro de un sonido de un ecosistema indicarnos algo sobre la identidad de este ecosistema? El objetivo del artículo es analizar las relaciones entre sonido, música, arte y sociedad en la conformación de la identidad sonora territorial (ecosistemas sonoros) en algunos casos significativos. El análisis será realizado a partir de las teorías de la complejidad (Morin 2010; Whitehead 1920; Stengers 2005; Latour 1995; De Landa 1997) y algunos estudios de caso (obra propia; Vigueras 2016; Philipsz 2010; Geometry Global 2016; Heuson 2014). Este artículo pretende contribuir con una profundización del concepto de registro sonoro que puede servir a la creación de arte sonoro.
¡Alerta, alerta, alerta que caminan mujeres feministas por las calles argentinas!
Authors: Rubio Mazkiaran Jone
Published: July 2021

La acentuación dicotómica entre el espacio público y privado (generados en la modernidad), provocó, entre otros factores, la evaporación de imaginarios que aludieran a la participación de las mujeres en el espacio público. Es por esta razón, por la que este estudio tratará de visibilizar herramientas de reapropiación y reinscripción de memorias en el espacio público. En este caso, la herramienta principal será el trabajo performativo realizado por el colectivo argentino Mujeres Públicas, quienes el año 2013 realizan la variación performática En la plaza, en la casa, en la cama. Ensayo para una cartografía feminista. Es así como la investigación se centrará en los discursos derivados de la incursión del cuerpos, voces y sonidos en las calles como activadores de memoria.
error como oportunidad: Un siglo de registro y evolución de la música popular
Authors: Martín Colorado Jon
Published: July 2021

El surgimiento y el desarrollo del registro de sonido ha incidido de manera evidente en la propia forma de la música popular; desde los campos rurales de principios del siglo XX, hasta las ciudades industriales de los años 70 y las habitaciones de nuestras casas en la actualidad. Grabaciones de campo con una relación directa con el espacio y poco control sobre él; grabaciones de estudio donde se prescinde de micrófonos; grabaciones caseras donde se prescinde de estudio. Evolución en la cual se ha desarrollado asimismo una relación distinta respecto al concepto de la propia música y sus aspectos en cuanto a fidelidad, energía y error.
Women, Sexual Identity and Language. Introduction
Authors: Balteiro Isabel
Published: July 2021

Women, Sexual Identity and Language. Introduction
Blogs for Women Engineers: a Multimodal Study
Authors: Molina-Plaza Silvia
Published: July 2021

This chapter examines thirty blogs for women engineers from a multimodal perspective, offering new ways of analysing their content and communicative strategies. The qualitative study focuses on how the interplay of different modes such as image, writing, typography and colour can be handled and how interpersonal and ideational realizations are construed. The final aim is to unravel relevant meaning-making practices used in these blogs, which want to achieve different objectives: overcome the limitations women still face in engineering by showcasing opportunities, change the perception of women engineers in society and redress the gender imbalance in engineering companies.
Painting with words: describing women in photography
Authors: Mykytka Iryna , Balteiro Isabel
Published: July 2021

This study aims to identify and explore the linguistic devices used to describe women in photography, and the similarities and differences between women and men’s descriptions. Nowadays, digital photographs are often accompanied by text such as titles, descriptions, comments, or tags. Though the language used in social media has largely been explored in relation to different fields of knowledge and from different perspectives, to the best of our knowledge, there is no work dealing with the language used by professional photographers to describe women and men. In order to carry out the study, we have compiled two samples of the keywords used to describe images representing female and male figures; the source of such sample being an image stock used by professional photographers (Alamy). To fulfil our objective, descriptive adjectives were identified, analyzed, and compared and/or contrasted. The results show many similarities in the use of the descriptive adjectives for women and men’s images, and they also seem to suggest that women and women’s beauty in particular are described from the male perspective and their stereotypes in our society.
Lo no revelado. Una aproximación al dibujo de John Hejduk a través del proyecto Victims
Authors: Sequeda Toro Louis Sebastián
Published: July 2021

Al observar la obra de John Hejduk, es posible notar que esta no entra en el canon de la producción arquitectónica tradicional. Sus libros parecen estar cubiertos por un velo que aleja la interpretación directa y, al mismo tiempo, cautiva e intriga profundamente al espectador que se encuentra con ellos. A través del análisis de los elementos que componen Victims, una de sus mascaradas paradigmáticas, este artículo sugiere que Hejduk fragmenta sus obras de tal forma que deja solo lo fundamental de cada parte, dando las piezas mínimas de un gran rompecabezas de múltiples soluciones, el cual deberá ser resuelto por los espectadores que se sumergen en su universo. Su indagación por la esencia lo lleva ron a encontrar el medio y la información justa para cada fragmento, lo necesario para representar aquello que es realmente importante de la condición humana. Un recorrido por sus dibujos, textos y referencias permite evidenciar su forma única de dibujar donde deja de lado información complementaria que daría una guía clara de la narración que está creando, no entrega todo al observador, por el contrario, lo que busca es delegarle la tarea de develar las ideas y de armar una historia propia. Gracias a un diálogo entre varios escritos del arquitecto y Victims, es posible clarificar las motivaciones de Hejduk para materializar sus ideas arquitectónicas de una forma tan particular, en la cual trazos y letras se entrelazan formando una sola obra de carácter profundamente personal.
La liturgia profanada desde la modernidad. Teatralización y desplazamiento de lo sacro
Authors: Moreno Moreno Julio César
Published: July 2021

Los grandes cambios que experimentaron los espacios de la liturgia católica durante buena parte del siglo XX estuvieron ligados a las transformaciones que se dieron paralelamente en los espacios de representación del teatro occidental. La correlación de los cambios tuvo que ver con cómo cada uno de los dos ámbitos entendía su propio origen, y con el papel identitario que le concedió. Esas alteraciones en la espacialidad de la liturgia y del teatro tienen mucho en común, pero lo que caracteriza esas similitudes es que se pueden interpretar como "profanaciones", en el sentido que le da Giorgio Agamben al término. La profanación neutralizaría las separaciones base de las antiguas organizaciones espaciales, propiciando el desplazamiento de las funciones. En todo ello, se puede detectar una creciente apropiación del espacio por parte de los participantes -incluidos público y fieles- y una cierta exaltación del movimiento de sus cuerpos en ese espacio, con claras implicaciones políticas. El objetivo de este artículo es evidenciar que la vez que se ha producido esta incorporación de lo profano a los espacios tradicionales de la liturgia, lo sagrado ha trascendido los límites de los templos hace ya varias décadas, en un proceso que se ha acelerado en nuestros días al pasar de lo analógico a lo digital.
Enseñar y aprender con tecnologías: un modelo teórico para las buenas prácticas educativas con TIC
Authors: Valverde Berrocoso Jesús , Garrido Arroyo María del Carmen , Fernández Sánchez Rosa
Published: July 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo definir un marco teórico explicativo de la integración de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en el sistema educativo, desde la perspectiva de la formación del profesorado. Esta formación inicial y continua de los docentes se caracteriza por una tendencia hacia la “esencialización” de la tecnología y la generación de usuarios que no suelen reflexionar sobre los usos educativos de la propia tecnología en contextos flexibles y variables. Nuestra investigación sobre la integración de las TIC en las aulas nos ha permitido observar la falta de conexión entre los usos personales y profesionales de los profesores de estas herramientas tecnológicas, así como la necesidad de que su formación se oriente hacia el desarrollo de conocimientos y habilidades para examinar, de manera crítica, las implicaciones educativas de estos nuevos medios didácticos. Partimos de la propuesta de Koehler y Mishra (2005; 2006; 2007 y 2008) denominada TPCK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) que se fundamenta en el constructo PCK de Shulman (1987) al que se añade el concepto de “Tecnología” (T), a los de “Pedagogía” (P) y “Contenido Curricular” (C). Las conexiones e interacciones dinámicas entre estos tres componentes esenciales da lugar a diferentes componentes que han de ser considerados en la comprensión de los procesos de integración de las TIC en los centros educativos. Las buenas prácticas educativas con TIC son acciones complejas y multidimensionales que exigen (1) comprender la representación y formulación de conceptos y procedimientos para su comprensión a través de las TIC; (2) desarrollar estrategias didácticas constructivistas que usen las TIC para la enseñanza de contenidos curriculares; (3) conocer las dificultades en el aprendizaje de conceptos y de qué forma las TIC pueden ayudar a superarlas y (4) conocer el conocimiento previo de los alumnos, así como la epistemología del contenido curricular para comprender cómo las TIC pueden ser utilizadas para construir sobre el conocimiento pre-existente y desarrollar nuevas epistemologías. Estos conocimientos claramente van más allá del que posee aisladamente un experto en un contenido curricular (profesor de una disciplina), un experto en TIC (ingeniero) o un pedagogo experto (tecnólogo educativo), por lo que la formación de profesorado exige un replanteamiento de los enfoques y las prácticas actuales.
Políticas educativas, buenas prácticas y TIC
Authors: De Pablos Pons Juan , Colás Bravo Pilar , Villaciervos Moreno Patricia
Published: July 2021

Esta aportación está vinculada a la difusión de los resultados de un proyecto de investigación titulado “Políticas educativas autonómicas y sus efectos sobre la innovación pedagógica en el uso de las TIC en los centros escolares”, que se ha desarrollado en el marco del Plan Nacional de I+D 2004-2007. El trabajo se centra en el análisis del discurso que explicita las políticas educativas en Andalucía, dirigidas a la incorporación de las TIC en el sistema educativo. El estudio realizado permite, por un lado, conocer y detallar los conceptos implícitos en las mismas respecto a “buenas prácticas” con TIC, innovación educativa con TIC, y usos de las TIC, y por otro, determinar los principales  ámbitos de incidencia de la intervención política, así como los programas de incentivación relacionados con la innovación y buenas prácticas con TIC.
Enseñanza electrónica de radiología en pregrado: la experiencia de la universidad de Málaga
Authors: Sendra Portero Francisco
Published: July 2021

We report an evaluation and analysis of different user interfaces of IT applications, for teaching purposes, generated by us with a view to developing designs that will allow better optimization of the teaching-learning process through these technological means. In them, we have incorporated different illustrative elements, such as icons, images, etc., that facilitate rapid interaction between the user and the informatics procedure.To evaluate the efficiency and potential of our developments, aimed at training in the field of medicine, we sent out a Likert-based questionnaire to different users to gauge the degree of satisfaction with the informatics procedure.The results obtained reveal the excellent acceptance of our interface designs, both as regards their efficiency in the functioning of the different navigation controls and their distribution, which contributes to a good visual balance of the informatics application.
Alfabetización mediática. La educación en los medios de comunicación: cine formativo y televisión educativa
Authors: Marcos Ramos María
Published: July 2021

Se plantea en estos momentos un debate abierto sobre el uso de las denominadas TICs en el aula. No debemos olvidar el gran valor que en todas ellas tiene la imagen. Quizá muchos consideren que el cine y la televisión ya no son nuevas tecnologías, pero sin embargo la mayoría de estas nuevas tecnologías –hoy calificadas como nuevas pero probablemente consideradas obsoletas en poco tiempo- se basan en el uso de la imagen. Deberíamos, por tanto, formar a nuestros alumnos en el uso consciente y eficaz de ésta. Deberíamos saber aprovechar su potencial en el aula, ya que es un recurso del que podemos disponer con relativa facilidad y que sigue siendo, la imagen y por extensión su uso en los medios de comunicación, uno de los más importantes agentes socializadores. Del buen uso que nuestros alumnos hagan de la imagen y de los medios de comunicación, dos de los instrumentos de mediación más importantes, depende, en gran parte, su socialización y educación.
Semántica de las búsquedas de información en entornos virtuales de formación
Authors: Leguízamo León Ana Vanessa , García Carrasco Joaquín
Published: July 2021

El proceso de búsqueda de información situada en Internet, específicamente con propósitos formativos, ha generado preocupación en los profesores, ya que mucha de esa información, que está disponible y es de fácil acceso, no está validada ni es suministrada por entes confiables, por lo que los estudiantes pueden estar basando su aprendizaje en información que no es correcta. La colaboración de los ordenadores en este proceso puede asumir una parte de la carga intelectual del tratamiento de la información, apoyando los procesos cognitivos, realizando operaciones menores de automatización y clasificación de los resultados, previas a la evaluación por parte del estudiante. Nuestra investigación se basa en esto, por lo que propone incorporar un componente semántico, asociado al significado que representan los objetos y recursos que se encuentran en el entorno virtual de formación, con la intención de que reflejen relaciones semánticas entre el conocimiento previo de los estudiantes y la información encontrada en sus procesos de búsqueda, permitiéndoles identificar cuándo un material representa un aporte válido y cuándo se aleja de su objetivo.
Co-Creation, Reflection, and Transformation. The Social Impact of a Service-Learning Course at the University of Szeged
Authors: Juhász Judit , Málovics György , Bajmócy Zoltán
Published: July 2021

This paper highlights three aspirations, which are shared by the diverse concepts and practices of responsible research and innovation (RRI): co-creation, reflexivity, and transformation. The authors analyse a service-learning (SL) initiative at the University of Szeged, Hungary, based on the model by Chupp and Joseph (2010). This provides a typology of SL practices and identifies four main approaches to the social impact of SL: traditional, critical, social justice oriented, and institutional change-focused approach. The authors also use this model to analyse the effects of their initiative with regard to the RRI principles of co-creation, reflexivity, and transformation. They provide evidence that their SL course may reach beyond its traditional (student-learning-based) effects in the Hungarian context, and embrace social justice and critical approaches. While the authors also found certain instances of institutionalisation, embedding critical SL into a Hungarian university and inducing significant institutional transformation seems to be a long way away.
Immunological predictors of type 1 diabetes mellitus (literature review)
Authors: Korneva K. G. , Strongin L. G. , Zagainov V. E.
Published: July 2021

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency due β-cell destruction and following hyperglycaemia. Specific markers of T1DM are pancreatic islet-targeting autoantibodies that are found months to years before symptom onset, and can be used to identify individuals who are at risk of developing T1DM.

Aim: The study is aimed at the review of current knowledge of diabetes-related autoantibodies as biomarkers of T1DM.

Materials and methods: Foreign and national clinical studies on this topic were included. PubMed, Medline and ­eLibrary were searched.

Results: Modern ideas about known diabetes-specific autoantibodies as markers of autoimmune inflammation of β-cells of the pancreas were discussed. The analysis of their independent diagnostic value in predicting the occurrence of T1DM were carried out.

Conclusion: There is no unified concept in the literature on this issue. Current data on autoantibodies in T1DM show a ­significant individual variability in the timing, dynamic changes and autoantibody composition in T1DM progression.
Artificial intelligence in diabetology
Authors: Klimontov V. V. , Berikov V. B. , Saik O. V.
Published: July 2021

This review presents the applications of artificial intelligence for the study of the mechanisms of diabetes development and generation of new technologies of its prevention, monitoring and treatment. In recent years, a huge amount of molecular data has been accumulated, revealing the pathogenic mechanisms of diabetes and its complications. Data mining and text mining open up new possibilities for processing this information. Analysis of gene networks makes it possible to identify molecular interactions that are important for the development of diabetes and its complications, as well as to identify new targeted molecules. Based on the big data analysis and machine learning, new platforms have been created for prediction and screening of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Machine learning algorithms are applied for personalized prediction of glucose trends, in the closed-loop insulin delivery systems and decision support systems for lifestyle modification and diabetes treatment. The use of artificial intelligence for the analysis of large databases, registers, and real-world evidence studies seems to be promising. The introduction of artificial intelligence systems is in line with global trends in modern medicine, including the transition to digital and distant technologies, personification of treatment, high-precision forecasting and patient-centered care. There is an urgent need for further research in this field, with an assessment of the clinical effectiveness and economic feasibility.
Possibilities of application a fixed combination of alogliptin and pioglitazone for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment
Authors: Shestakova M. V. , Antsiferov M. B. , Ametov A. S. , Galstyan G. R. , Demidova T. Y. , Mkrtumyan A. M. , Petunina N. A.
Published: July 2021

Hyperglycemia in T2DM is based on three main mechanisms: insulin resistance, progressive β-cell dysfunction, and excess glucose production by the liver.

The onset of T2DM is usually preceded by a long period of insulin resistance. Prescribing sugar drugs that affect different links of pathogenesis, reducing a steady decrease in glycemia. To date, in clinical practice, various combinations of hypoglycemic drugs are used, the choice of which is determined by the characteristics of the course of diabetes in the patient, the presence of concomitant diseases and complications of diabetes, as well as the dominant clinical problem. This resolution provides an expert council opinion on the feasibility of using a combination of alogliptin and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes.
REMEDYING THE POLLUTION OF ATHI RIVER IN KENYA
Authors: CHIMBINDI TAKAWIRA
Published: July 2021

The Athi River, which is 390 km before entering the Indian Ocean, is the second-longest river in Kenya. As it flows through the grasslands and valleys of Kenya, the river forms the majestic Fourteen Falls, meanders through Nairobi, and eventually passes through Tsavo National Park, the largest in Kenya. Here, hippopotamus, crocodiles, and pythons are attracted to the river’s waters and the life it carries. Millions of Kenyans rely on the Athi River for drinking water and irrigation. However, the Athi River also receives large amounts of pollution from Nairobi–an area with a population of over four million people. Along with population growth and rapid urbanization, poor solid waste management is emerging as a key risk for health in Kenya. The river is increasingly choking with uncollected garbage; human waste from informal settlements; industrial waste in the form of gaseous emissions, liquid affluence, and solids waste; agrochemicals, and other wastes especially petrochemicals and metals from microenterprises – the hot sun and overflowing sewers. This situation has occasioned the spread of waterborne diseases, loss of sustainable livelihoods, loss of biodiversity, reduced availability and access to safe potable water, and various toxic substances and heavy metal poisoning, affecting human productivity. The paper is not empirically grounded and its content is a result of desktop research and content analysis of literature, images, and news related to pollution. The paper hopes to provoke further deliberations and empirical research on the river.
Effect Of Human Resource In Accounting Information System On Management Decision-Making In Seventh-Day Adventist Institutions In Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Okon Edet Eyibio , Otuza Chima Evans , Dada Samuel O.
Published: July 2021

The constant changes in the business environment, both domestic and international, have brought about great challenges on management of business organizations. Despite huge investments in accounting information systems, several organisations have not realized the full potential benefits of using these systems because of persistent failures. This study therefore investigated the effect of human resources in accounting information system on management decision-making in Seventh-day Adventist institutions in Eastern Nigeria Union Conference. This study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. The population of this study was 250 accounting officers (Management, and General Administration) in the 24 entities. The sample size was total enumeration of all the 250 employees. A structured and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The response rate was 84.4%. Data was analyzed using inferential statistics (simple linear regression analysis). The findings revealed that human resources in AIS has a positive and significant effect on management decision-making in Seventh Day Adventist Institutions in the Eastern Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study, the study recommended that institutions should give devoted attention on factors that will promote human resource development in the institutions, as this is capable of contributing positively on the management of the organization, which include informed decision-making.
Prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning
Authors: Mu Yuhang , Hu Boqi , Gao Nan , Pang Li
Published: July 2021

This study investigates the ability of blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to predict acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP). Clinical data of 385 patients with AOPP were obtained within 24 h of admission, and NLR values were calculated based on neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. The patients were divided into two groups – good and poor – based on prognosis. Poor prognosis included in-hospital death and severe poisoning. The factors affecting prognosis were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, and the prognostic value of NLR was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that NLR levels, serum cholinesterase, and creatinine levels were good predictors of AOPP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high NLR was an independent risk factor for severe poisoning (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.13; 95% CI, 1.10–1.17; p < 0.05) and in-hospital mortality (AOR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03–1.11; p < 0.05). NLR values >13 and >17 had a moderate ability to predict severe poisoning and in-hospital mortality, respectively (AUC of 0.782 [95% CI, 0.74–0.824] and 0.714 [95% CI, 0.626–0.803], respectively). Our results show that high NLR at admission is an independent indicator of poor prognosis in AOPP and can be used to optimize treatment and manage patients.