bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A trajetória e o governo prelatício de Francisco da Silveira Dias, último administrador eclesiástico do Rio de Janeiro (1671-1681)
Authors: Mendes Ediana Ferreira
Published: December 2021

Resumo: A administração eclesiástica do Rio de Janeiro, criada em 19 de julho de 1575, inaugurou um novo tipo de estrutura da Igreja diocesana. A administração detinha limites territoriais próprios e os administradores ou prelados exerciam um poder e uma jurisdição quase episcopal, possuindo quase todos os poderes de um bispo, exceto o de ordenar novos sacerdotes. Entre 1575 e 1681, foi governada por cerca de sete prelados. Este artigo analisa a trajetória e o governo prelatício do último deles, Francisco da Silveira Dias, numa época de transição entre as estruturas da administração eclesiástica e as da diocese. Em paralelo, pretende aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o funcionamento da administração eclesiástica e como os prelados exerceram, na prática, esta jurisdição quase episcopal.
O luto nas páginas da revista A Estação: o que vestir, como vestir
Authors: Schmitt Juliana
Published: December 2021

Resumo: O vestuário de luto era parte essencial das regras de etiqueta na segunda metade do século XIX, disseminadas por publicações como a revista A Estação: Jornal Illustrado para a Família, que circulou no Rio de Janeiro entre 1879 e 1904. Em suas páginas, era possível encontrar indicações sobre o que vestir durante o luto - modelagens, tecidos, aviamentos, enfeites e acessórios em geral - e como usar todos esses elementos da indumentária na etapa do luto em que fossem mais apropriados. Através de um corpus bastante significativo de textos da revista que falam sobre o luto, o artigo propõe um panorama dessas recomendações, levantando questões importantes como a predominância do traje de luto feminino e as mudanças que ele sofre na passagem para o século XX.
Effect of pore solution expression on solid composition of cement paste
Authors: Xu Jiaxing , Zheng Keren , Chen Lou , Zhou Xuejin , Yuan Qiang
Published: December 2021

Pore solution expression (PSE) is the most commonly used method to obtain the aqueous phase in cementitious material. However, the high pressure applied on the sample during PSE can affect the composition of the solid phase. An experimental study on the chemical and mineral composition of cement paste before and after PSE was conducted. The results indicate that a small part of the alkali contained in the samples was excluded during PSE, depending mainly on the alkali concentration in the pore solution. Due to the expulsion of interlayer water in calcium silicate hydrate under high pressure, PSE reduced the bound water content (measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)). The portlandite content determined by TGA was not affected by PSE, but it led to an overestimation of portlandite by means of quantitative X-ray diffraction, because of the enhanced preferred orientation of the (001) plane under the applied high pressure. In addition, the size of the portlandite crystals decreased to some extent due to the creep caused by pressure. The content of the hemicarbonate phase was found to decrease slightly after PSE, which may be due to increased solubility under high pressure.
Student Perceptions of the Fairness of Video Presentation Grading in the Online EFL Classroom
Authors: Copeland Charles
Published: December 2021

This qualitative case study, which employed thematic analysis, explores student perceptions about the fairness of grading video presentations in an online EFL Korean classroom. The study surveyed 145 students about their attitudes towards the fairness of grading for video presentations using three open-ended questions. To better understand the students’ thoughts, they were asked what most affected the fairness of grading live versus video presentations. It found that students believed that the use of video presentations in the required classroom was fair. The students cited a clear, understandable rubric, hard work resulting in the deserved grade, the best material could be submitted, the video could demonstrate ability without nerves, and the teachers’ grading as reasons the grading was deemed fair. There were also some negative perceptions related to the fairness of grading. The two registered were using cheats and not having a fair playing field in terms of technology. The study also found that the main factors affecting video versus live presentations were the fear of live presentations, preparation time, technology use, and the teachers’ grading. The results from the survey indicated that student-produced video presentations should be considered in the future.
A Study of STEAM Model Development and Assessment Method for Deep Learning: Through the Voice of Mimesis and Brontë
Authors: Lee Kwang-Soon
Published: December 2021

This research aimed to explore a humanities-based STEAM (H-STEAM) model for EFL undergraduates (n = 72) to improve deeper thoughts and language proficiency in a multidisciplinary setting. The H-STEAM focused on the integration of a literature text, Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights, and the philosophical analysis framework of mimesis as a humanities resource. For a specific teaching and learning method, various group activities based on project-based learning (PBL) were fabricated to enhance collaborative and conceptual learning both inside and outside of the classroom. Analyzing the relationship of Wuthering Heights and mimesis, learners shared and adopted peers’ opinions with openness. They could improve problem-solving ability, caring, communication skills, and self-reviewing practice when accumulating content knowledge and generating creative ideas. This study organized student-based assessment; self-assessment (SA) and peer-assessment (PA). SPSS 25 was conducted for the correlation and reliability analysis of SA and PA, and the evaluation of linguistic improvement. The results indicate that the H-STEAM facilitating PBL can be more workable through openness and community caring. The integration of collaborative and conceptual learning through PBL can empower learners’ autonomy and produce deeper thoughts, which can contribute to deep learning. Consequently, this study may suggest a path to develop H-STEAM for higher education.
Birds of the family Motacillidae in Omsk and in the Omsk province: species richness, numbers and distribution
Authors:   Omsk State Pedagogical University, Odintsev O. A. , Odintseva A. A. ,   Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, RAS, Siberian Branch
Published: December 2021

The materials of year-round bird counts conducted by the authors in Omsk from September 2006 to Au-gust 2009 in nine habitats, as well as on the territory of four municipal districts of the Omsk Province from June 1 to August 10, 2020 have been analyzed. The species richness was studied, the analysis of the species numbers and distribution was carried out, and the abundance of Motacillidae on the territory of the studied administrative districts is indicated. Species sketches are given, in the compilation of which special attention is paid to the nature and duration of stay, as well as the distribution of birds by habitat. It was found that the encountered representatives of this family inhabit all studied biotopes, but some spe-cies are not evenly distributed.
Systemic inflammation in HIV/HCV coinfected patients with discordant response to antiretroviral therapy
Authors:   Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch RAS, Saidakova E. V. ,   Perm State University, Korolevskaya L. B. ,   Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch RAS, Vlasova V. V. ,   Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms of the Ural Branch RAS
Published: December 2021

In HIV-positive patients, hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is associated with the development of se-vere systemic inflammation and an increased risk of a discordant response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in which supressed viral replication doesn’t lead to effective CD4+ T-cell regeneration. At the same time, the data on the systemic inflammation in HIV/HCV coinfected patients with ineffective resto-ration of CD4+ T-cell counts during therapy are limited. The aim of this work was to characterize system-ic inflammation in HIV/HCV coinfected patients with a discordant response to treatment. We studied three groups: 1) HIV/HCV coinfected subjects with a discordant response to therapy (CD4+ T-cells less than 350/ul); 2) HIV/HCV coinfected patients with a standard response to therapy (CD4+ T-lymphocytes over 350/ul); 3) voluntary blood donors without HIV and HCV infections. Systemic inflammation indices were assessed by the content of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in blood plasma (eotax-in, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IP-10 , TNFα, TGF-β1, TGF-β2), the levels of which were analyzed by multiplex and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. As a result it was shown that in HIV/HCV coinfected patients, therapeutically uncontrolled hepatitis C leads to the development of pronounced systemic inflammation, which is only slightly aggravated by a discordant response to highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Morphological aspects of adaptation of the alkalophilic bacteria Bacillus aequororis to high salinity and alkalinity of the medium
Authors:   Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, Shilova Anna V. , Glebov Grigory G. ,   Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS, Maksimova Yuliya G. ,   Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms UB RAS
Published: December 2021

AFM-images were obtained and the morphometric parameters of cells of the facultative alkalophile Bacillus aequororis 5-DB and neutrophilic Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 were calculated after incubation in an alkaline medium with a high concentration of sodium chloride. It was shown that adaptation of B. aequororis 5-DB is not accompanied by significant changes in morphometric parameters, while the volume of cells slightly (by 1–1.5 times) decreases and their surface roughness increases. Neutrophilic bacillus, on the contrary, reacts to an increase in salt concentration and pH (50 g/l, pH 11) by significant changes in the cell: the cell volume decreases 2–3 times, and with daily adaptation to 50 g/l salt with pH 8 increases by 2.4 times due to the increase in cell length. Cells of an alkalophilic bacillus, in contrast to those of a neutrophilic bacillus, do not undergo significant changes in morphology with a high mineralization of the environment, both under direct exposure and after daily adaptation.
New data on the distribution of Dermacentor reticulatus Fabricius, 1794 in the Perm region
Authors:   The Limited liability company «Dezinfektsionnyi otdel», Beresnev Viktor , Efimik Viktor E. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

A critical analysis of the literature data on the distribution of the ixodic tick Dermacentor reticulatus Fabricius, 1794 (= D. pictus Hermann, 1804) in the Perm territory was carried out. The data of the authors, as well as the staff of Rospotrebnadzor, made it possible to clarify the distribution of D. reticulatus in this region. D. reticulatus was reliably detected in the Tchaikovsky, Osinsky, Okhansky, Ochersky, Nytvensky, Chernushinsky, Suksunsky districts of the Perm Krai and in the right-bank part of Perm.
Engendering access to justice for development in Sub-Saharan Africa: a study of policy, programming and implementation
Authors: Mwambene Lea , Dubin Adam , Lawson David
Published: December 2021

Building on the book "Gender, poverty and access to justice: policy implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa" (Lawson, Dubin and Mwambene (eds) (2020), this special volume of essays is the result of the Conference in Cape Town (October 2019), whose main objective was to investigate the intersection of gendered access to justice, poverty and disempowerment across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and provide field-based research and discussions on what does and does not work to improve justice for women and girls in the region. Authors' contributions are designed to be practice and action oriented, drawing on lessons and experiences from programmes and policies that work, and show real potential for their sustainable scalability. In this regard, the essays in this volume reflect a broad spectrum of multi-disciplinary contributions, including from policy makers and development practitioners, as well as representatives from local and international civil society organizations, the private sector, academe and the general public. These contributions are structured around the following five key areas: Integrating Justice Programming into the Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs); Informal Institutions, Rights and Laws in Sub- Saharan Africa; Women, Children and Access to Justice for Sustainable Development; Policies and Practices for Engendering Justice and Empowerment for Poverty Reduction; and Gender, and Poverty and Justice Policies in SSA: Lessons from the Field? The central objective of all the contributions, however, is to profile recent developments and experiences in furthering gendered access to justice in the SSA context, and to distil from them future trends for SSA's access to justice, and the specific role stakeholders can play therein.
The effect of the 2011 Arab uprising in the Middle East and North Africa (Mena region): Morocco's quest for constitutional reform and the 20 February Movement
Authors: Booley Ashraf
Published: December 2021

Historically, Morocco experienced widespread political repression during the 1970s through to the early 1990s. Through its exploitations, the monarchy regime repressed any claims aimed at challenging its authoritarian form of public space and debate. Encouraged by the uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt, and the Arab Spring, young Moroccans began to organise extensive demonstrations across the country demanding that a more substantive democracy, social justice and an anti-corruption mechanism be put in place. The 20 February movement, named after the first demonstration held on that date in 2011, is a worthy illustration of one of the latest social movements characterised by a concentrated use of technology and their disseminated membership. King Mohammed VI, Commander of the Faithful and the highest authority in Morocco, promised in a televised speech to introduce radical and genuine constitutional reforms that would democratise the country. This article describes the historical trajectory of the monarchy, the emergence and structuring of the 20 February movement and the neutralization strategy pursued by the monarchy in bringing about a constitutional change.
The right to education of the refugee girl affected by armed conflict in Kenya: insights from the jurisprudence of the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
Authors: Nanima Robert Doya
Published: December 2021

The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child provides for the protection of children in all environments. Areas that have experienced armed conflict have made the child susceptible to human rights violations including violence through sexual offences and violation of civil and political as well as socio-economic rights. An evaluation of all human rights violations cannot be done comprehensively. This article takes a thematic turn and evaluates the aspects of the right to education of the refugee girl child. It sets the tone by reflecting on the normative framework of the right to education of the refugee child at the international, regional and national levels. This is followed by a discussion of the violation of this right in situations of conflict and host States like Kenya. Drawing on the jurisprudence of the African Committee on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, insights on the improvement of the enjoyment of this right are engaged. A conclusion and recommendations follow.
The inconography of Afrikaner nationalism and the Ossewa-Brandwag's 'ideal of freedom' in the South African internment camps of the Second World War
Authors: la Grange Anna , Blignaut Charl
Published: December 2021

The emergency measures of the Union government under Jan Smuts had a strong impact on the Ossewa-Brandwag (OB) during the Second World War. The OB was especially targeted by the government because of its overt pro-German and anti-British stance and its active resistance against the war effort. The ideology of the movement was built upon a strong basis of Afrikaner nationalism in conjunction with National Socialism which was supposed to legitimise the movement as an alternative to party politics. OB members expressed Afrikaner nationalist sentiments which meant resistance against Britain with the goal of attaining an independent republic - the so-called "ideal of freedom". Consequently, the OB's active resistance led to high numbers of internment. This article focuses on the South African internment camps of the Second World War. The nationalist iconography reflected in the artefacts created by OB members during their internment are analysed within the broader context of Afrikaner nationalism and the ideology of the OB. The OB had a very specific brand of Afrikaner nationalism and the ideal of freedom, central to its ideology, was combined with existing Afrikaner nationalist goals and subsequently nationalist iconography manifested itself in internees' creative expressions of their own personal nationalist sentiments. The artefacts also reflect the integration of Afrikaner nationalist iconography and the OB's ideal of freedom with personal contexts of imprisonment illustrating how political myths can be reshaped to provide meaning for the present realities of contemporaries.
Marina Tsvetaeva et Lev Karsavine
Authors: Lesourd Françoise
Published: December 2021

Il n’y avait a priori aucune raison pour que puissent se rencontrer Lev Karsavine — adepte d’une philosophie assez aride et austère, centrée sur la métaphysique chrétienne, nourrie aux joutes théologiques du moyen âge — et Marina Tsvetaeva, l’une des figures les plus représentatives de la poésie russe moderne et de son bouillonnement. Mais leur condition d’exilés les a portés tous deux vers l’un des principaux mouvements politico-intellectuels de l’émigration, le mouvement eurasien, qui posait la question du retour éventuel à la Russie réelle, désormais l’Union soviétique. Une fois revenus en URSS (involontairement dans le cas de Karsavine), ils étaient voués à tomber aux mains du MVD et presque inéluctablement condamnés. On peut dire que leurs destins, tous deux exemplaires, s’éclairent l’un par l’autre.
Datos de la caminata usando webGIS
Authors: Dalgallo Ayla Ziger , Leão Ana Luiza Favarão , Kanashiro Milena
Published: December 2021

El caminar tiene impactos beneficiosos para la salud medioambiental, destacándose por ser una actividad ampliamente accesible, relevante como una actividad física, importante para la cohesión social, el bienestar mental, además de brindar beneficios para la salud. Uno de los desafíos es comprender las características ambientales que pueden influir en la toma de decisiones por caminar. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar los datos del perfil sociodemográfico de aquellos que optan por caminar, los motivos y la distribución espacial de las rutas auto reportadas mediante un cuestionario basado en webGIS. Para lograr este objetivo, esta investigación adoptó como estrategia metodológica el estudio de caso, realizado en la ciudad de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. Los resultados indicaron una prevalencia de mujeres encuestadas, con edades entre 20 y 30 años y con ingresos familiares superiores a 5 salarios mínimos. Tales resultados reflejan lo que llamamos de desigualdad digital al acceso a Internet, las habilidades y el uso de herramientas en línea. Las principales razones identificadas para caminar fueron la actividad física seguida de las compras. Las rutas reportadas apuntaron una concentración en las regiones suroeste de la ciudad, áreas con mayor concentración de ingresos. A pesar de las limitaciones de la herramienta basada en webGIS, la investigación logró desarrollar una base de datos inédita para el estudio de caso, agregando el perfil sociodemográfico a la percepción de peatones y rutas peatonales, datos imprescindibles para comprender el fenómeno de la caminata en países con economías en desarrollo como Brasil. Los resultados pueden subsidiar políticas públicas para hacer que nuestras ciudades sean más transitables para los peatones y más sostenibles.
Why are Industrial Relations in Spain Competitive? Trust in Management, Union Support and Conflict Behaviour in Worker Representatives
Authors: Elgoibar Patricia , Munduate Lourdes , Medina Francisco J. , Euwema Martin C.
Published: December 2021

In the current context of limited resources and economic, social and labour changes, organizational conflicts are becoming more and more competitive. Two possible explanations for this approach to conflict in Spain are the low trust between unions and management and the long tradition of confrontation in industrial relations. In this study we analyse the conflict pattern from worker representatives and the relation to trust in management and union support. The hypotheses are tested in a quantitative study of 719 representatives. Results show that a) representatives use a competitive conflict style; b) trust is negatively related to this style; and c) union support is positively related to the style. We explore how societal culture and historical industrial relations tradition explain these relations.
matrimonio homosexual a la luz de los sistemas interamericano y europeo de derechos humanos, y el desplazamiento de la doctrina del margen de apreciación nacional en México
Authors: López Sánchez Rogelio
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo examina los alcances y límites que ha tenido la figura del matrimonio homosexual en el marco de los sistemas interamericano y europeo de derechos humanos en relación con el margen de apreciación nacional de sus Estados miembros, y cómo la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación mexicana (SCJN) ha adoptado una doctrina de reconocimiento pleno a esa institución civil como un Derecho Humano y desplazando dicho margen en detrimento del principio democrático. La Corte mexicana ha sido quizá el único tribunal en el mundo en obligar a todos los Estados de la Federación a reconocer por la vía jurisprudencial la institución del matrimonio de forma igualitaria (matrimonio igualitario) lo cual ha planteado una serie de consecuencias teóricas difícilmente superables, además de una distorsión del principio democrático en México.
papel de la administración local en el desarrollo de los estímulos financieros a la pequeña empresa
Authors: Perales González Alba
Published: December 2021

La Administración local goza de una situación privilegiada respecto a otras administraciones como la autonómica o la estatal. Su ubicación territorial le proporciona una proximidad que le permite palpar de primera mano las necesidades y demandas de sus empresas, sus agentes económicos y de la sociedad civil en general. Los estímulos financieros que un gobierno local emplea a través de sus políticas monetarias y fiscales influyen de manera importante en la actividad económica de un municipio. En este artículo repasamos las diferentes políticas que siguen los ayuntamientos para incentivar a la pequeña empresa.
singularidades del delito de acoso moral en el ámbito del trabajo (mobbing): artículo 173.1, párrafo 2º, del Código Penal
Authors: Martínez Cano Antonio
Published: December 2021

El acoso laboral es uno de los principales problemas que en la actualidad padece la población trabajadora en nuestro país. El presente estudio da a conocer la limitada protección que, ante este tipo de conductas, brinda el tipo penal que lo regula, referido con carácter exclusivo a los ataques cometidos hacia la integridad moral de las personas trabajadoras, además de otros muchos elementos de tipicidad que circunscriben notablemente su ámbito de aplicación. Sin lugar a dudas, es uno de los delitos que, por las exigencias que entraña el principio de tipicidad penal, su regulación difiere notablemente respecto a la prevista en otros ámbitos del ordenamiento jurídico.
Consolidação de atos normativos: a especificidade da técnica legislativa e a consolidação do Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Aranha Marcio Iorio , Lima João Alberto de Oliveira
Published: December 2021

Objetive: to identify the legal regime and legal functions of normative consolidations as public law institutions, taking into consideration the recent approval of the Brazilian Unified Health System consolidation. Methodology: based on prescriptive or methodological hermeneutics, this article applies Betti’s canons of (i) the hermeneutical autonomy of the object, expressed in the maxim sensus non est inferendus sed efferendus, (ii) the coherence of meaning or principle of totality, (iii) the actuality of understanding, and (iv) the hermeneutical correspondence of meaning or harmonization. It also adopts as ideal-types, the legal constructs of institutional guarantees, neoinstitutionalism and nonsequential statutes, based on the assumption of Hirsch’s objectivity of interpretation. Results: consolidation, as a legal institution, plays two main roles: (i) It fosters a juridical-technical harmonization of the norm in itself and in relation with the other norms on related topics; (ii) It presents itself as an institutional guarantee of the principle of legal certainty, due to its features of continuous renewal of the normative content and neoinstitutional reengineering of sparsely positioned norms in an organic set of interrelated legal content. The legal institution of the consolidation is characterized by a specific legal regime: (i) Firstly, it figures as a normative procedural step that avoid innovation; (ii) Secondly, it is exempted of the sequential numbering of the norms and several rules pertaining entry into force. Conclusion: the interpretation of federal acts in Brazil on legal drafting, writing, changing and consolidation, and the use of neoinstitutional underpinnings brings to light the specific role played by the consolidation and the unique functional and legal regime when compared to the ordinary normative categories in the Brazilian Law.
A teoria do risco e as novas tecnologias associadas à saúde: uma análise sobre o procedimento de incorporação e o dispositivo Essure no Brasil
Authors: Ramos Edith Maria Barbosa , Leal Pastora do Socorro Teixeira , De Almeida Natalie Maria de Oliveira , De Miranda Sara Barros Pereira
Published: December 2021

Objective: to conduct an analysis of the approval procedure for new health technologies in Brazil, specifically on Essure within the scope of the risk theory proposed by Ulrich Beck. Methodology: the deductive research method was used, with a descriptive procedure and a bibliographic and documentary survey research technique. Result: it was observed that companies in the health sector increasingly launch products on the market without carrying out sufficiently long-lasting tests and, therefore, without presenting consumers with the real risks of their use, especially in the long term. Discussion: the impacts that the Essure provision caused to the bodies of several women in Brazil led to a process of disruption and judicialization of a matter whose impacts are still unknown, considering that most of the demands in the Judiciary revolve around the removal of the provision from the market and liability for moral damages to the company. Conclusion: there is a need for a reanalysis of the duration and way in which research into new technologies and health products are carried out by companies and the incorporation procedure that government agencies provide for their incorporation into the market, since it is inconceivable that something to promote the health of its user ends up causing unexpected and unforeseen damage due to the lack of more detailed tests.
Articulando os direitos humanos à saúde e aos benefícios do progresso científico no processo de avaliação e incorporação de medicamentos: do global ao local
Authors: Ventura Miriam , Ventura Deisy de Freitas Lima
Published: December 2021

From the perspective of the human right to health and to access the benefits of scientific progress, this article examines the legal, institutional and argumentative structure framing the assessment of new technologies and their and incorporation into health systems, as key to guaranteeing access to medicines. The international and Brazilian frameworks were investigated and contrasted by way of a review of documentation and of the international and Brazilian literature, focusing on the repercussions of technical and scientific facts (extrasystemic reasons) on legal statements (systemic reasons), and related reconciliation, in assuring those rights. The locally and globally conceptions were found to predominate, favouring health systems’ economic efficiency and sustainability to the detriment of an ethical and political approach to incorporating pharmaceutical innovations as a human right grounded in solidarity, social justice and equity. Brazil has advanced in the process of evaluating and incorporating new medicines by introducing legal criteria and parameters similar to those of other countries and compatible with international health recommendations. The fragilities observed were instances of increasingly flexible legal criteria for the practice of incorporation, which impose a heavier onus of technical and scientific proof on citizens filing applications; the introduction and ampliation of economic and budget elements into the analyses; and the lack of any provision for user representative participation in the evaluation process, which is so highly valued in other countries. It was concluded that the main tension between the norms and practices examined and human rights is that priority is given to economic, financial and budget considerations over the proven potential health benefits of pharmaceutical innovations. In that respect, the framework examined undermines efforts to assure human rights in health care policies, thus significantly impairing fair and equal access to therapeutic innovations locally and globally.
How Do the Support Networks of Older People Influence Their Experiences of Social Isolation in Care Homes?
Authors: Ferguson Jennifer M.
Published: December 2021

Understanding how to better support older people living in care homes is imperative for improving their wellbeing and quality of life. Despite this, little research has explored how support networks are structured and composed for individual residents. This study aimed to explore how, and by whom, residents felt they were supported, and how this support influenced their experiences of social isolation within the care home. The study included 36 residents from seven care homes located in the Scottish central belt in 2018. This article uses egocentric network analysis to analyse the structure and composition of the support networks, while a thematic analysis of qualitative interviews resulted in themes exploring how a resident’s support network impacts their social isolation within the care home. Findings indicated that residents’ most supportive alters were adult children, while staff members were only nominated as providing support in one third of support networks, despite most residents needing specialised care every day. Ambiguous relationships within residents’ support networks lead to feelings of social isolation, as well as adding to residents’ isolating behaviour. This suggests that national care frameworks, such as person‐centred care frameworks, which advocate for coordinated support between residents, relatives, and staff are not being implemented effectively and that more needs to be done to break down barriers to inclusion for care home residents.
Online Networks and Subjective Well‐Being: The Effect of “Big Five Personality Traits”
Authors: Requena Félix , Ayuso Luis
Published: December 2021

This article provides an empirical examination of how online social networks affect subjective well‐being, namely enquiring if networks mediate the effect of personality on subjective well‐being of the individuals who use those networks. We use the theories of complementarity of face‐to‐face and online networks, preferential attachment, and the “Big Five Personality Traits” to test the following hypothesis: Given that online and offline networks complement each other as integrative factors that generate happiness, greater use of online networks would imply greater happiness. We also hypothesize that networks mediate the effect of personality on subjective well‐being. Data was compiled from interviews of 4,922 people aged 18 years and older, carried out by the Centre for Sociological Research of Spain in 2014 and 2016. The results confirm the hypothesis and show how online networks, when controlled for personality traits, have a significant and even greater effect on subjective well‐being than face‐to‐face networks.
The Role of Parent‐Child Relationships and Filial Expectations in Loneliness Among Older Turkish Migrants
Authors: Ten Kate Rowan L. F. , Bilecen Başak , Steverink Nardi
Published: December 2021

Older first‐generation migrants living in Europe, particularly Turkish migrants, feel relatively lonely, which indicates social exclusion. Social embeddedness within the family, particularly parent‐child relationships, can alleviate loneliness for older migrants, but such relationships can also be ambivalent, which may not prevent loneliness altogether. Earlier research indicates that Turkish migrants in Germany report high quality relationships with their children and high levels of social support exchanges within the family; however, some still report disappointing aspects of the relationship with their children, such as feeling disrespected. To better understand these contradictory findings, this article focuses on various aspects of parent‐child relationships that may explain loneliness among older Turkish migrants in Germany. Moreover, the article considers whether filial expectations can be potential sources of intergenerational conflict that may explain higher levels of loneliness among older Turkish migrants. Using the Generations and Gender Survey with 606 first‐generation Turkish respondents aged 50 and above, findings show that having low satisfying relationships with children and not having adult co‐residing children is associated with more loneliness. Turkish migrants with higher filial expectations feel lonelier when they have good perceived health, and less lonely when they have bad perceived health. These findings indicate that especially healthy older Turkish migrants may have unfulfilled expectations regarding parent‐child relationships, which adds to their loneliness, while parents with bad health experience solidarity, which lowers their loneliness. This shows that both intergenerational solidarity and conflict influence loneliness among older Turkish migrants.
Ambivalent and Consistent Relationships: The Role of Personal Networks in Cases of Domestic Violence
Authors: Bellotti Elisa , Boethius Susanne , Åkerström Malin , Hydén Margareta
Published: December 2021

Social networks are usually considered as positive sources of social support, a role which has been extensively studied in the context of domestic violence. To victims of abuse, social networks often provide initial emotional and practical help as well useful information ahead of formal institutions. Recently, however, attention has been paid to the negative responses of social networks. In this article, we advance the theoretical debate on social networks as a source of social support by moving beyond the distinction between positive and negative ties. We do so by proposing the concepts of relational ambivalence and consistency, which describe the interactive processes by which people, intentionally or inadvertently, disregard—or align with—each other’s role‐relational expectations, therefore undermining—or reinforcing—individual’s choices of action. We analyse the qualitative accounts of 19 female victims of domestic violence in Sweden, who described the responses of their personal networks during and after the abuse. We observe how the relationships embedded in these networks were described in ambivalent and consistent terms, and how they played a role in supporting or undermining women in reframing their loving relationships as abusive; in accounting or dismissing perpetrators’ responsibilities for the abuse; in relieving women from role‐expectations and obligations or in burdening them with further responsibilities; and in supporting or challenging their pathways out of domestic abuse. Our analysis suggests that social isolation cannot be considered a simple result of a lack of support but of the complex dynamics in which support is offered and accepted or withdrawn and refused.
THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF JUDICIAL PRECEDENT IN THE SYSTEM OF SOURCES OF LAW
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Mialovytska N. , Zlatina N. ,   Kyiv National Linguistic University
Published: December 2021

The article explores the concepts of sources of law and their main types. The source of law means the way of external influence of legal norms, which certifies their binding nature. The concepts and place of judicial precedent in the system of sources of law are defined. It is noted that judicial precedent should be understood as a court decision rendered in a particular case and entered into force, and which is the basis for resolving similar cases by other bodies. As part of the integration process in Europe, two important judicial bodies have been formed – the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter – the ECtHR) and the Court of Justice. Each of these courts plays an important role in the rule-making process within its competence. The ECtHR's function is not limited to dealing with specific complaints. Its decisions also provide a comprehensive interpretation of the main provisions of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. As a result, they acquire a special significance that is precedent-setting. Therefore, the application of the case law of the ECtHR is considered as a source of law. It is also noted that EU courts play a role in the development of the rule-making process within the EU. They interpret the main provisions of the founding treaties and other regulations and formulate autonomous concepts and concepts that complement and clarify the provisions of regulations and implement new fundamentally important for the development of integration law provisions. Recognition of judicial precedent as a source of law means that judicial bodies perform not only a jurisdictional function (resolving conflicts on the basis of law), but also law-making. This function increases the role and importance of the judiciary in the mechanism of checks and balances of abuse of state power.
Continuity of rural family properties by generation transfer
Authors: Bernardo Luciana Virginia Mario , Farinha Maycon Jorge Ulisses Saraiva
Published: December 2021

Discussions concerning rural family succession have occurred more frequently due to different factors such as rural exodus, an aging rural population and loss of existing knowledge in a farm when there is none. We propose to analyze publications on succession in rural properties, highlighting its relationship with rural development. For this, the proposal of Fink (2010) was used as a framework for the systematic review of peer-reviewed journals. One can identify that succession in rural space is a complex action that occurs in different ways, and is influenced by individual issues. Moreover, in many cases, the current manager finds it difficult to understand the need to reduce and subsequently stop his/her work activities so that the successor can continue the management of the property. Moreover, succession planning is necessary in order to achieve a greater success in this process. Succession contributes to the continuity of traditional activities in the rural space, that is, food production.
Fungos conidiais sapróbios da Amazônia Meridional no controle in vitro de Colletotrichum sp. e Fusarium sp. do maracujazeiro
Authors: Ribeiro Daniela , Oliveira Daiane Lopes de , Bonaldo Solange Maria
Published: December 2021

Fungos conidiais sapróbios, decompositores de matéria orgânica, podem atuar como agentes no controle biológico de doenças de plantas, devido à capacidade de produzir compostos antagonistas. Este trabalho avalia o potencial antagônico e a produção de compostos voláteis (COVs) de fungos conidiais sapróbios (FCS) obtidos na Amazônia no controle in vitro de Colletotrichum sp. e Fusarium sp. Avaliou-se o crescimento micelial, índice de velocidade de crescimento, porcentagem de inibição de crescimento, área abaixo da curva de crescimento micelial, nota de antagonismo e taxa de crescimento micelial de Colletotrichum sp. e Fusarium sp., em confronto com Brachysporiella sp., Pseudobotrytis terrestris, Gonytrichum sp. e Ellisembia sp. Os fungos conidiais sapróbios Brachysporiella sp. e P. terrestris apresentam redução do crescimento micelial de Colletotrichum sp. No bioensaio com Fusarium sp. e confronto com Ellisembia sp., houve redução do índice de velocidade micelial e da área abaixo da curva de crescimento micelial. No confronto com três dias de diferença, os FCS Brachysporiella sp. e Gonytrichum sp. reduziram o índice de velocidade de crescimento de Fusarium sp. e de Colletotrichum sp. Brachysporiella sp. apresentaram maior controle frente ao fungo Colletotrichum sp. Na produção de COVs, P. terrestris, Ellisembia sp. e Gonytrichum sp. interferiram no desenvolvimento dos fitopatógenos. Portanto, fungos conidiais sapróbios da Amazônia Meridional se mostraram promissores no controle biológico de fitopatógenos do maracujazeiro.
Desempenho térmico por transferência de calor em edificações para suínos
Authors: Silva Taís Perez da , Minusculli Patrick Renan , Reis Mari Aurora Favero
Published: December 2021

O planejamento e execução da construção são ações importantes para a produção de suínos; uma vez construída, qualquer alteração estrutural torna-se difícil e onerosa. Para investigar as transferências de calor em construção para suínos, foi realizado um estudo de campo. A execução deu-se a partir da visita técnica em quatro fazendas, com diferentes plantas executivas. Um foi construído em pedra ardósia, os outros em alvenaria convencional. Os critérios analisados são vegetação circundante, área de exposição, posicionamento solar e transferência de calor por condução. Os resultados demonstram que o sombreamento da vegetação pode contribuir significativamente para o conforto térmico da edificação, reduzindo os gastos com energia elétrica com climatização. Conclui-se que a avaliação de que o reflorestamento e o posicionamento solar são condições fundamentais para reduzir as transferências de calor, contribuindo para a sustentabilidade da produção, evitando problemas futuros com gastos com ar-condicionado.
Pronósticos de futuro en el Virreinato del Perú (s. XVIII)
Authors: Carrasco Rolando
Published: December 2021

El artículo corresponde a un primer esfuerzo de teorización sobre el proceso de pronosticación del futuro en el Virreinato del Perú durante la primera mitad del siglo XVIII. Para tal efecto, por un lado, se consideran antecedentes representativos en la poesía satírica virreinal (Rosas de Oquendo, Valle y Caviedes), así como el Compendio Historial de Melchor Jufré del Aguila, con el objeto de identificar la persistencia de saberes y prácticas marginalizadas (lecanomancia, metoposcopía, fisiognomía, astrología judiciaria) en las letras virreinales. Por otro lado, se aborda el aporte de los «pronósticos racionales» en los almanaques (Conocimiento de los tiempos) de los Cosmógrafos Mayores del Reino y el análisis de un opúsculo casi desconocido hasta la fecha, el Piscator del arrabal de Lima (1736) con su contribución a la literatura satírica y antiastrológica. Tales fuentes permiten esclarecer el complejo proceso de sustitución de un «futuro profetizable» por un «futuro pronosticable» (Kosellek), mediante el uso de la razón y ciencia ilustrada, así como de la carnavalización y verdad perogrullesca en el género almanaquistas del Perú.
Ecological aspects of regional fruit production development in the Samara Region
Authors: Antipenko Maria Ivanovna , Minin Anatoly Nikolaevich , Petrova Anna Borisovna , Kavelenova Lyudmila Mikhailovna
Published: December 2021

Fruits and berries previously perceived as a pleasant addition to the main human meal are considered today as a leading component of a healthy diet, a source of various vitamins, minerals, biologically active secondary plant metabolites, which are components of functional food products. Until now, the per capita consumption of fresh fruits by the population of our country remains insufficient, the predominance of imported fruits in the diet has not stopped. In the Samara Region private gardens rather than industrial orchards (for which the unambiguous predominance of the apple tree is inherent) remain the main producers of fruits (cherries, plums, apricots, etc.) and raspberries. Further development of regional fruit growing in the Samara Region has undoubted prospects. In the presence of weather features that negatively affect the development of fruit crops, the climate of the region is characterized by a sufficient level of heat supply, localities suitable for fruit crops cultivation are presented in its soil cover, and their assortment recommended for the Middle Volga region is quite diverse and continues to expand. The authors of the paper using materials from foreign scientific publications demonstrated examples of the analysis of processes used in modern literature that combines ecological and economic approaches in relation to agroecosystems activities (ecological footprint EF, carbon footprint CF and water footprint WF). The use of approaches to assessing the water and carbon footprint of agroecosystems, which have not yet become widespread among specialists in our country, opens up prospects for analyzing the existing conditions and developing a strategy for ecological and economic extension of regional fruit growing.
Ecological and biological characteristics of the dendroflora of Cheboksary in the greening system of the city
Authors: Samokhvalov Konstantin Vitalyevich , Sinichkin Evgeny Arkadievich , Arsentiev Aleksandr Petrovich
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of the species composition of Cheboksary. The analysis of the dendroflora of the urban environment was carried out according to 3 indicators: the territory of woody plants, the occurrence of woody plant species in landscaping, the structure of the landscaping system. The arboreal vegetation of Cheboksary is represented by 73 species belonging to 43 genera and 20 families. The predominant part of the dendroflora is represented by the covered-seeded plants (86,3%), the gymnosperms 13,7%. In the dendroflora of green areas of the city, the most widely represented families are Rosaceae, Pinaceae, Salicaceae (48%). The analysis of the species composition of woody plants showed that in the functional and economic zones of Cheboksary plantings of general use are represented by 65 species, plantings of limited use 52 species, plantings along the streets and main roads 50 species. The analysis of the species composition of woody plants depending on the share of their participation in landscaping revealed that the greatest number of woody plants is used with low (51 species) and medium (50 species) share. The analysis of the degree of participation of woody plants in landscaping in the four identified functional and economic zones of Cheboksary found that the greatest number of taxa prevail with an average participation in the central zone (37 species), the coastal and suburban zones (36 species). The largest number of species of woody plants grow in the green areas of the central functional and economic zone, where the landscaping involved 66 species, the smallest number grow in the green areas of the industrial area (36 species).