bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MINIMALLY INVASIVE GLAUCOMA SURGERY (MIGS): COMPARISON OF TRABECULAR VERSUS SUPRACHOROIDAL ROUTE
Authors: Ranovian Ridho , Sumantri Widya Artini
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Because of the high rate of complications associated with traditional glaucoma filtering surgery, various research were launched to develop a new device, such as drainage channels, such as Glaucoma Drainage Devices.
 Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of trabecular route and suprachoroidal MIGS in eyes with mild to moderate glaucoma with and without cataract extraction of these two devices.
 Methods: Literature search was conducted using online database such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Survey of Ophtalmology, and Clinical Key.
 Result: Since the IOP-lowering efficacy of these treatments is restricted by episcleral venous pressure, MIGS targeting the trabecular outflow system may be the best option for patients with mild-to-moderate open-angle glaucoma.
 Conclusion: The implantation of trabecular iStents resulted in a considerable reduction in IOP, particularly in mild and moderate POAG. Both MIGS versions have good efficacy and safety profiles, with only minor problems like microscopic hyphema and stent blockage.
Keywords: glaucoma, Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS), iStents, cypass
EFFECT OF BLOOD GLUCOSE CONTROL TOWARDS PLASMA AND VITREOUS LEVELS OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AND PLACENTAL GROWTH FACTOR IN DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Yudantha Anggun Rama , Noor Nina Asrini , Prihartono Joedo
Published: January 2024

Purpose: To compare plasma and vitreous level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) in diabetic rats with poor blood glucose (BG) control, reconstitution of good BG control, and nondiabetic rats, and to investigate the effect of reconstitution of good BG control to VEGF and PlGF plasma and vitreous level.
Methods: This is an experimental study using eighteen Sprague Dawley rats which were divided into intervention group (n=14) and control group (n=4). Intervention group were given Streptozotocin (STZ) injection to induce diabetes. After 4 weeks, intervention group was randomly divided into group I for termination and group II for reconstitution of good BG control with insulin for the following 4 weeks, and so was the control group. Plasma and vitreous samples were taken. VEGF and PlGF levels were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: Seventeen of 18 rats survived in intervention group. BG level of intervention group II decreased dramatically to normoglycemia. ELISA at month 1 showed that VEGF vitreous level tend to be higher in intervention group I compared to control I, 196.36 ± 65.24 pg/dL and 123.64 ± 44.99, respectively (p=0.20). ELISA at month 2 showed that PlGF vitreous level of intervention group I were significantly higher compared to control I, 59.04 ± 2.48 and 51.93 ± 3.15, respectively (p=0.01). Vitreous and plasma VEGF of intervention group I and II were not different, while vitreous and plasma PlGF were significantly higher in group II.
Conclusions: Vitreous levels of VEGF and PlGF were increased in diabetic rats compared to nondiabetic, and reconstitution of good BG control for 1 month were unable to reduce VEGF and PlGF levels.
A RARE CASE OF SUBCONJUNCTIVAL HEMORRHAGE POST COVID-19 mRNA VACCINE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Jutamulia Jovita , Dewi Arlin Chyntia , Salsabila Salma , Octaviani Vicky
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Concurrently with the administration of COVID-19 vaccine, adverse event following immunization (AEFI) began to be reported. Some reactions involve various systems of the human body, including the ocular system. Although uncommon, subconjunctival hemorrhage also can be found, as shown in this report.
Case Report: We present a case of a 68-year-old woman with subconjunctival hemorrhage a couple hours before admission. Patient also came with complaints of sudden redness and pain in left eye. Two days prior, she had her first dose of Moderna vaccine. Left eye examination revealed hemorrhage on conjunctiva with normal visual acuity. Other ocular examinations couldn’t be done due to the lack of facilities and severe pain. No other symptoms were mentioned. Patient was advised to be referred to an ophthalmologist, but she refused. After a month, the patient reportedly experienced similar complaints after receiving the second dose of Moderna vaccine. another redness and discomfort in her left eye. Her left eye was red, itched, and swollen. However, she still refused to go to an ophthalmologist. Oral analgesic, oral antihistamine, and artificial tears were given. The symptoms were completely resolved in a couple days.
Conclusion: Subconjunctival hemorrhage may occur as mRNA Vaccine AEFI specifically in patients with underlying disease, however further research is needed.
AN OVERVIEW OF REFRACTIVE ERRORS AMONG CHILDREN IN KOTA SOE DISTRICT, INDONESIA
Authors: Yahya Willy , Susyono Maria Larasati
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Refractive error is one of the most common preventable causes of blindness in the world. Screen time and outdoor time are known as risk factors for its prevention. This study aims is to show the prevalence of children's refractive error and the difference between screen time and outdoor time.
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design to examine children's refractive error from 10 to 14 years old at five child development centers located across SoE from March 2020 to August 2021. Screen time and outdoor time data were obtained using a questionnaire, grouped into low-medium and high groups, and analyzed the differences between groups.
Result: In this study, there are 429 participants with an average age of 12.65 ± 1.44 years old. The prevalence of refractive error is 9.56% and the most common error is mild myopia (43.59%). Refractive error in females is more common than in males (75.61%) and distributed in all age groups. There is no significant difference between refractive error prevalence and the amount of screen time (t 0.500; p: 0.480) and outdoor time (t: 0.944; p: 0.331).
Conclusion: The most common refractive error in this study is mild myopia. There is no refractive error prevalence difference in screen time and outdoor time.
VISUAL IMPROVEMENT FOLLOWING THE REMOVAL OF CHRONIC ORBITAL CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA
Authors: Indrawati Raisha Pratiwi , Dahlan M. Rinaldi
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Orbital cavernous hemangioma is a benign, well-defined vascular lesion, located mainly in the intraconal space. Surgical treatment is indicated in symptomatic cases, such as proptosis or visual disturbance. This study aims to report the visual improvement of the successfully-managed chronic orbital cavernous hemangioma.
Case Report: A 51-year-old man came to Cicendo Eye Hospital with chief complaint of protrusion of the right eye for seventeen years, accompanied by blurred vision two years earlier. Ophthalmological examination revealed decreased visual acuity, together with ocular movement restriction and relative afferent pupillary defect. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a retrobulbar mass, attached to the lateral and medial rectus muscle, and shifting the optic nerve superiorly. The tumor was removed through inferior anterior orbitotomy with a transconjunctival incision, and the histopathological finding revealed a cavernous hemangioma. Follow-up examination showed improvement in the patient's condition, measured by no protrusion remaining and the achievement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 1.0.
Discussion: In the case of a benign intraorbital tumor, the orbitotomy approach should be best selected based on its anatomical location and involvement of adjacent structures. Despite the size of the tumor, chronic duration, and disturbing manifestation, improvement of visual acuity and structural appearance could be achieved if the tumor is removed correctly and the adjacent structure has not been severely damaged.
Conclusion: Cavernous hemangioma is a benign lesion in which surgical treatment is indicated in symptomatic cases. The right approach of orbitotomy is needed to give a good outcome anatomically and functionally.
NON-NECROTIZING DIFFUSE ANTERIOR SCLERITIS AS AN ISOLATED OCULAR MANIFESTATION OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Kalandra Kara Citra , Lutfiamida Rifna
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder with heterogeneous clinical manifestation in numerous organ systems, including the eye. Ocular involvements have been reported in up to one-third of patients with SLE, although scleritis is considered a less common manifestation of the disease found in only about 1% of cases
Case Report: A 46-year-old female patient presented with a painful right eye for 1 week. She reported having the same symptom last year which resolved without treatment. There was no known history of systemic immune-mediated diseases and no prior ocular trauma. Ophthalmological examination revealed dilatation of deep scleral vessels on the right eye. The patient tested positive for the antinuclear antibody and anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid tests. She was diagnosed with non-necrotizing diffuse anterior scleritis caused by SLE and was treated with topical prednisolone acetate and systemic methylprednisolone. After 1 week of treatment, the patient showed an improvement in ocular signs and symptoms.
Discussion: Scleritis is a rare inflammatory disease usually associated with systemic immune-mediated diseases such as SLE. It can cause significant visual loss and may be life-threatening. We reported a non-necrotizing diffuse anterior subtype of scleritis presented as an isolated manifestation in SLE, which benefited from early diagnosis and treatment of corticosteroids.
Conclusion: Scleritis may present as an early or isolated manifestation of systemic immune-mediated disease. Therefore, a comprehensive examination is of the essence to exclude multisystem disease and treat the underlying cause even when there is no systemic manifestation.
MANAGEMENT OF SECONDARY ANGLE-CLOSURE GLAUCOMA IN ANTERIOR SEGMENT DYSGENESIS AND ANTERIOR MICROPHTHALMOS PATIENT
Authors: Rahmani Syifa , Rifada Maula
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The majority of cases of anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) and anterior microphthalmia are known to be complicated by angle-closure glaucoma, which is also the primary cause of visual loss. Medical therapy of this secondary glaucoma is frequently ineffective, necessitating surgery. However, managing the surgery in an eye with a crowded anterior chamber is difficult. This study aimed to report the management of secondary angle-closure glaucoma in anterior segment dysgenesis and anterior micropthalmos patient.
Case Report: :  A  39-year-old  woman  presented  to  Glaucoma  unit  with  chief complaint  of  pain  on  the  right  eye.  She  also  noted  blurred  vision,  redness,  and headache  approximately  seven  months  before  presentation.  The  patient  had  a history of glaucoma since 5 years old, but hadn’t regularly visit for a long time. The  visual  acuity  was  1/60  and  intraocular  pressure  (IOP)  was  45.  Anterior segment   evaluation   revealed   scleral   thinning   with   injection,   microcornea, sclerocornea,  hazy  peripheral  cornea,  iridocorneal  adhesion,  shallow  anterior chamber, iris transillumination defect and lens opacity. A-scan biometry showed normal axial length. She was diagnosed with secondary angle-closure glaucoma with anterior segment dysgenesis, anterior microphthalmia and presenile cataract of the right eye. The patient underwent combined phacotrabeculectomy, pars plana vitrectomy and intraocular lens implantation.
Discussion: Surgical procedure is indicated if pharmacological therapy cannot control IOP and glaucoma progressivity, including trabeculectomy combined with cataract extraction. However, cataract extraction is more difficult in shallow anterior eye chamber because the working field is narrower and the distance between the cornea and lens is closer. Some strategies to prevent this include pars plana vitrectomy (VPP).
Conclusion: Anterior  segment  dysgenesis,  though  rare,  cause  vision  loss  by glaucoma as complication. Treatment of secondary glaucoma aim to lowering IOP to halt its progression. Combined phacotrabeculectomy, pars plana vitrectomy and intraocular  lens  implantation  was  a  safe  procedure  in  this  crowded  anterior chamber eye.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF RHO KINASE INHIBITOR EYEDROPS FOR THE TREATMENT OF OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA AND OCULAR HYPERTENSION: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Alatas Sahar Salim Saleh , Suryono Astrianda Nadya
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven method to treat glaucoma. Studies on aqueous humor dynamics have contributed to our understanding of aqueous outflow mechanisms that have led to the discovery of new drugs from Rho Kinase Inhibitors (RKI).
Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of RKI for treating open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT).
Methods: Literature searching was conducted through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Springer Link. Search terms included: “Open Angle Glaucoma”, “Ocular Hypertension”, and “Rho Kinase Inhibitors”, which provides for Netarsudil (AR-13530), Ripasudil (K-115)" or any relevant synonym. Validity was assessed using version 2 of the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Efficacy was evaluated by reported mean change IOP from baseline. Safety was assessed by adverse events experienced during the treatment course.
Results: Eight randomized clinical trial studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria (four studies using Netarsudil 0.02% and four using FCNL as the primary treatment). IOP reduction from Netarsudil 0.02% was not inferior to Timolol 0.5%. Meanwhile, IOP reduction from FCNL class was statistically superior to its active component alone. The most common adverse events of Netarsudil 0.02% and FCNL were conjunctival hyperemia, cornea verticillate, and conjunctival hemorrhage. FCNL showed additional adverse events of site hyperemia and pain.
Conclusion: Netarsudil 0.02% and FCNL can be reliable IOP control medications. The adverse events were tolerable.
The Man’s Struggle In Dealing With Life’s Conflict as Seen in John Green’s The Fault in Our Stars
Authors: Marzona Yessy , Yusnianti Bago Dessy
Published: January 2024

The title of this research is "The Man's Struggle in Dealing With Life's Conflict As Seen in John Green's The Fault In Our Stars". The problem of this research is focused on the problems of internal and external conflicts experienced by woman and man as the main characters. The purpose of this research is to find out the struggles of woman and man as the main characters in dealing with life conflicts described in the novel The Fault in Our Stars by John Green. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The technique used in this research is literature to obtain certain data by searching and collecting several books related to conflict analysis in literature, by quoting sentences or words that indicate conflict, and then describing them. In the main character conflict, there are two characters who are considered as the main characters because they dominate the whole story, they are Hazel and Augustus. The research uses the theory of conflict by Wallek and Warren (1956). Conflict into two parts, namely external conflict and internal conflict.  Conflict with other characters in a story or conflict with social environment which is called external conflict. While the conflict that occurs in the heart and mind, in the soul of a character or character in a story is called internal conflict. The results of this research indicate that the development of the main character in the novel is influenced by situations, people, and feelings. At first, Hazel is a girl who likes to be alone, spending her time only at home, reading books and watching tv. She then becomes a girl who wants to share with others and have friends. Augustus at first is a boy who thinks and tries to handle everything on his own, he does not want to be pitied, eventually he realizes that he needs other people in his life and is grateful for what others do to him.
Young Girl as Seen in Anne Frank’s The Diary of A Young Girl
Authors: Gustiani Widia , Yuli Astuti Amelia
Published: January 2024

This research is motivated by the existence of personality forms and cool rooms that are hiding places where Anne's maturity grows, which is realized by the mob in Anne Frank's novel The Diary of a Young Girl.  The purpose of this study is to identify Anne's personality form, analyze the shape of the foreign space where Anne's maturity grows in Anne Frank's novel The Diary of a Young Girl. The method with the research is descriptive qualitative research and the approach used is literary psychology with psychology literature Sigmund Freud theory.  The data in this novel are excerpts from words, sentences related to the personality of Anne's character and forms of foreign space that affect Anne's maturity growth.  The data collection techniques in this study were reading, marking the data, recording and distinguishing the data collected based on Anne’s personality and foreign space that influenced Anne’s maturity in Anne Frank novel The Diary of a Young Girl. The result of this study indicate that in the novel The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank, the personality experienced by Anne Frank by is more Id than the Ego and Superego, this is due to the difference in her Mother’s love between herself and older sister, and the form of foreign space that affects Anne Frank maturity is a room called the Secret Annex.
Relationship between Age, Histologic Grade, Tumour Size, Immunohistochemical Biomarkers Expressions and Molecular Subtypes of Invasive Breast Carcinoma in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Rasheed Wemimo M. , Uchechukwu Eziagu B. , Najeem Idowu A. , Adekunle Ayoade A. , Agodirin Olayide S. , Afolayan Abiodun E. , Adegboye6 Taiwo A.
Published: January 2024

Background: Background: Invasive breast carcinoma causes the most cancer-related death in women, and age is an essential non-modifiable risk factor. This study determined the relationship between age and histopathologic grade, tumor size, immunohistochemical biomarkers (ER, PR, and HER-2) expressions, and subtypes of invasive breast carcinoma.
Methods: This was a retrospective hospital-based study of patients with prior histopathological diagnoses of invasive breast carcinoma. Relevant data, including age, histologic type, grade, tumor size, and hormonal receptor status, were retrieved from the archival pathology request forms.
Results: The mean age of study subjects was 52.14 ± 12.14 years. The peak age group was in the 5th decade, accounting for 37.0 (32.7%) cases. Nottingham grade III invasive breast carcinoma accounted for 47 (41.6 %) cases and predominated in the 6th decade, accounting for 17 (50.0%) cases. Majority of the study subjects presented with tumor size greater than 5.0 cm (75.9%). The mean tumor size was 6.87 ± 3.20 cm and ranged from 3.2 cm to 16.0 cm. The immunohistochemical expressions of ER, PR, and HER-2 biomarkers were 36.3%, 28.3%, and 41.6%, respectively, particularly in the 5th and 6th decades. Also, Luminal A, Luminal B, Triplenegative, and HER-2 enriched subtypes occurred in 16.8%, 20.4%, 42.4%, and 20.4% cases respectively in the 5th and 6th decades. However, the triple-negative subtype was found in the 4th to 6th decades in equal proportions.
Conclusion: This study observed triple-negative invasive breast carcinoma immunohistochemical subtypes with age association from the 4th to 6th decade
Toxicological Assessment of Clarias gariepinus Exposed to Leachates from Awotan Landfill, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Authors: Otitoola J. Opeoluwa , Bakare Omonike
Published: January 2024

Background: This study aims to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of leachate samples from the Awotan dumpsite in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, and provide a comprehensive assessment of the effects of these leachates on the haematology of Clarias gariepinus.
Methods: Two Leachate samples were obtained from a leachate section at the Awotan dumpsite, and the physical and chemical parameters of the samples were estimated using standard methods. Physical and chemical parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and pH were measured in-situ using a calibrated multi 3630 digital meter and probe. Turbidity was measured using a calibrated Secchi Disc. Other chemical parameters such as Cl–, NO3–, SO42-, and PO42- were taken to the laboratory and measured using the titrimetric method. Samples of juveniles were obtained from the Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management at the University of Ibadan and transported to the genetics laboratory at Lead City University, where they were acclimatized in chlorine-free borehole water for 21 days. After the acclimation period, the toxicity assessment setup was initiated. Five treatment bowls, including control (0%), 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% leachate concentrations were set up in triplicates and 15 samples of Clarias gariepinus were introduced into each of the treatment bowls, where they were bred and observed for 21 days before taking them to the laboratory for haematology analysis.
Results: The physicochemical properties of the leachate samples showed that EC (4200 ± 13.0), TDS (2450 ±14.4), NO3– (87.00 ± 5.7), and PO42-(3.134 ± 0.11) all exceeded the SON and WHO recommended standards. Also, the concentration of heavy metals such as Cu (9.28 ± 3.2), Mn (45.64 ± 6.3), and Fe (604.48 ± 10.62) all exceeded the SON and WHO recommended limit.
Conclusion: The haematological test showed that high concentrations of the leachate samples significantly reduced the number of Red blood cells (RBC), Haemoglobin (Hb), White Blood Cells (WBC) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) in Clarias gariepinus..
The Dynamics of Pakistan's Renewable Energy Sector: Tidal Energy Potential; a Literature Review
Authors: Jarwar Asif Raza , Iqbal Danish , Mujahid Muhammad
Published: January 2024

A developing country's economic interest is to determine when its national income approaches that of developed nations. The availability of energy, natural resources, and geographic location are important factors in this. Renewable energy appears to be the answer of the future, while traditional electricity sources like gas and oil are scarce, costly, and harmful to the environment. Pakistan has the ability to meet its electricity needs, addressing issues like power shortages, pollution, and high production costs. The country is strategically located and has an abundance of renewable resources. If this potential is fully realized, Pakistan might even start exporting electricity. Although the nation has started wind, solar, hydroelectric, and bioenergy projects, tidal energy is still mainly unexplored. Recent research provides evidence for the consideration of tidal energy as a potential renewable source for Pakistan's energy needs. The exploration and utilization of these renewable resources not only address the energy needs of Pakistan but also contribute to global efforts in adopting sustainable energy practices. Efforts towards harnessing tidal energy in Pakistan should be intensified, especially along the coast where natural tidal lagoons are prevalent. In-depth surveys and thorough investigations are crucial, particularly in the creek regions of Sindh province.
Comparative Analysis of Cephalometric Parameters of Class II Malocclusion
Authors: Korwar Pradnya Atish
Published: January 2024

Class II malocclusions are of immense interest to orthodontists as they constitute a significant percentage of the cases they treat. This study aimed to recognize the importance of the variations of Class II malocclusion and its implications in determining the best treatment approach. The sample of this study was collected from cases that had been reported to private clinics in Navi Mumbai and had not undergone any previous or ongoing orthodontic treatment. 58 lateral cephalograms were selected from patients having Class II malocclusion. Cephalometric tracing was performed manually. Steiner, Tweed and Jarabak analyses were done. It was seen that there is a significant difference in the maxillary and mandibular incisor angulation and position of the mandible between Class II Division 1 and 2 malocclusion cases; between cephalometric parameters of females and males in cases with Class II Division 1 and 2 cases with respect to the mandibular incisor angulation, mandibular corpus length, posterior cranial base, facial depth and posterior facial height; between the cephalometric parameters of cases with less than and more than 14 years of age in individuals with Class II Division 2 malocclusion with respect to the gonial angle, mandibular plane angle, the maxillary and mandibular incisor angulation and position, angle of convexity, ramus height, facial depth, posterior and anterior facial heights; upper and lower lip position. Thus, Class II malocclusions show a significantly diverse array of skeletal, dental and soft tissue cephalometric parameters; hence a customized orthodontic treatment plan for each case is imperative.
Apricots Contain Vitamin A, Beta-Carotene, Potassium and Phytosterols: Treatment for Oxidative Stress
Authors: Murad Shah , Tanveer Zafar H. , Qudoos Abdul , Fatima Ajaz , Firdous Asia , Iqbal M. , Hassni Mohsin Ali , Samreen Soha , Musawwir Usama Abdul
Published: January 2024

Just look at regular intake of two fruits ie; apple and apricot may help to escape patients from sufferings related to hyperlipidemia. These two fruits have had been researched by scientist for treatment of hyperlipidemia by decreasing low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increasing high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). It was placebo based research work conducted at General Hospital Lahore from January to April 2022. 100 already diagnosed patients of primary/secondary hyperlipidemia were enrolled in research study with (written/explained and approved) consent. Inclusion criteria was their age (20-70 years), gender (male and female) and patients not on any hypolipidemic allopathic medicines. Exclusion criteria was smokers, alcoholic addictives, and patients of thyroid, liver, lung, and severe heart related diseases. Grouping: They were divided in four equal groups including 25 patients in each group. Group-one was on apple half kg per day for the period of three months. Group-two was on apricot half kg per day for the period of three months. Group-three was on apple ½ kg plus apricot ½ kg for the period of three months. Group-four was placebo group and they were advised to take any fruit except these two fruits ie; apple and apricot. Method: Their name/age/gender/occupation/address/cell number was kept in separate folder for research record. Their base line lipid profile was determined at pathology/biochemistry laboratory of the hospital. Fortnightly visit was advised to them. After three months therapy their lipid profile was re-determined. Mean values of their LDL-C and HDL-C ± SEM was analyzed biostatistically by applying paired t-test. P-values >0.05 was regarded as non-significant, p-values <0.01 and <0.001 were regarded as significant and highly significant changes in tested parameters respectively. Results: After three months therapy it was observed that apple reduced LDL-cholesterol 23.77 mg/dl and increased HDL-cholesterol 3.3 mg/dl. Apricot reduced LDL-cholesterol 7.5 mg/dl and increased HDL-cholesterol 5.3 mg/dl. Combination of both fruits decreased LDL-cholesterol 16.1 mg/dl and increased HDL-cholesterol 6.6 mg/dl in three months therapy. Conclusion: It was concluded from results of this research work that apple and apricot given separately or in combination, have remarkable effect on LDL-C and HDL-C in patients suffering from primary/secondary hyperlipidemia.
Persistence of Urachus in A 7-Month-Old Male Patient with Surgical Resolution: Case Report
Authors: Vallejo Freddy Alexander Aldaz , Vega Wendy Vanessa Vaca , Vera Gabriela Michelle Tubay , Landázuri Tatiana del Rosario Pérez , Vega Andrea Elizabeth Sánchez
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Patent urachus refers to a rare condition called urachus anomaly. These conditions are caused by the failure of the normal fetal tissue used to empty the fetal bladder to degenerate. Some of these urachal abnormalities are obvious at birth, while others are more subtle and are not diagnosed until adulthood or are discovered only incidentally after imaging for other reasons. Urachal anomalies in children with wet umbilical cord, persistent drainage, recurrent urinary tract infections, and recurrent umbilical cord infections require accurate and timely diagnosis to help relieve symptoms, prevent recurrent serious infections, and ensure timely treatment. Clinical case: The case of a 7-month-old male patient is presented. The mother reports umbilical granuloma of several months of evolution. He goes to a doctor where he suggests an ultrasound examination that rules out persistence of urachus. Mass in umbilical region persists, which is why she comes again. Evolution: By laparoscopic vision, umbilical hernia plus persistence of urachus is evident, findings such as the presence of indirect bilateral inguinal hernia are found. After surgery, the patient recovered satisfactorily. Conclusions: Diagnosis of urachal anomalies can be elusive, but continued drainage of the umbilical cord is a concern in the case of urachal anomalies. Although this condition is usually an isolated finding, the possibility of posterior urethral valves in infants with a patent urachus should not be ruled out.
Renal Cortical Necrosis Complicating Postpartum Hemorrhage. Use of Tranexamic Acid: Solution or Problem? Case Report
Authors: Bothard Helena Victorine Botokoto , Havyarimana Clément , Manirakiza Jean Claude , Aziz Nassima Hissein Abdel , Medkouri G. , Khayat S. El , Mtioui N. , Zamd M. , Benghanem M.
Published: January 2024

Renal cortical necrosis associated with postpartum hemorrhage is a rare obstetric complication that can lead to end-stage renal disease. We report a case of a 37-year-old woman, admitted for preeclampsia complicated by in utero fetal death, having presented postpartum hemorrhage complicated by a retroplacental hematoma (RPH). She was treated with tranexamic acid to control bleeding. She subsequently presented a severe acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring hemodialysis with, on computed tomography (CT), the presence of bilateral renal cortical necrosis. A renal biopsy showed cortical necrosis lesions associated with glomerular and vascular thrombotic microangiopathy. There was no recovery of renal function, requiring long-term hemodialysis. Renal cortical necrosis, although rare, can occur in some cases of postpartum hemorrhage. Tranexamic acid would be involved and its use should be done with suspicion. The CT scan is an important diagnostic tool. Renal prognosis is poor.
The Role of Postoperative Magnesium Infusion in Minimizing Ventricular Arrhythmia Risk after Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Saquib Mirza Md. Nazmus , Shanta Tania Nusrat , Rahman CM Mosabber , Kalam Muhammad Abul , Saha Shamik , Faisal Abdullah , Lopa Sabrena Rahman , Biswas Rajib Kumar , Yeasmin Shakila , Ambia S. Fakiha
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary bypass increases the incidence of postoperative ventricular arrhythmias in cardiac surgery. Magnesium, which is essential for cardiac function and may prevent arrhythmias, is frequently reduced after cardiac surgery. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of magnesium infusion in reducing the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in individuals who have undergone cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: This study, done at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from July 2020 to June 2022, involved 120 participants in two groups: one received magnesium sulfate following standard cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (Group A), and the other did not (Group B). Both groups were monitored in the ICU with continuous ECG tracking and assessed for ventricular arrhythmias postoperatively on days 0–3. The inclusion criteria comprised adult cardiac patients in preoperative sinus rhythm with normal magnesium levels, excluding those with a history of ventricular arrhythmias or specific medical conditions. Data collected through a questionnaire, interviews, and medical records were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Result: The mean age of the patients in Group A was 53.83±14.54 years and in Group B was 54.50 ± 10.50 years. The mean difference in postoperative Mg++ was statistically significant (p<0.05) in POD 0, POD 1, POD 2, and POD 3. In this study, there were more VA-positive patients in Group B than in Group A; 16.67% had positive ventricular arrhythmia (PVC 8.3%, VT 3.33%, VF 5.00%), while 83.33% were negative VA. Group B had 66.67% negative VA and 33.33% positive VA (PVC 15.00%, VT 10.00%, VF 8.33%). Conclusion: This study identified that the postoperative Mg infusion after cardio pulmonary bypass reduces the incidence of postoperative arrhythmias in cardiac patients. Based on the findings, we recommend using intravenous magnesium as an alternative to prevent ventricular arrhythmias after CPB in cardiac patients.
Socio-Economic Benefits of Highways (DCT) in Vietnam
Authors: Dung Pham Anh , Nuong Le Ngoc , Huy Dinh Tran Ngoc , Thang Tran Duc , Sinh Bui Duc , Nhan Pham Hung , Hien Master, Dinh Tran Ngoc
Published: January 2024

Green transportation and green tourism have been developing together with positive impacts from highways development so there are socio-economic benefits of highways (DCT); esp. In regions in each country, including Vietnam. However, there are very few complete and systematic studies on the socio-economic benefits of exploiting DCT. Therefore, this paper will show again highway also contributes to promoting sustainable tourism, minimizing the negative impact of tourism on the environment and people's lives.
Automatic Electric Vehicle Charging Station
Authors: Pakhare Shalom Richard , Baig Rizwan , Athani Abhishek , Mhade Siddarth , Modi Jayen
Published: January 2024

Our Automatic Electric Vehicle Charging station is a autonomous power supply unit which works without the need for human attendants. The system is designed to facilitate the existing power grid infrastructure. The system employs the Raspberry Pi as our primary controller board and hosts the User Interface on the LCD Display mounted on the Charger Housing. The Pi Board interfaces with our custom Pilot PCB to communicate with the Electric Vehicle Battery Management Systems to negotiate the charging speed, capacity of the car battery and perform safety checks. The user can choose AC level 1, 2 or DC level 3 charging. The system uses a 30A relay circuit to isolate the battery from the power supply until all the necessary checks and payment processes are completed. RazorPay is our real time Payment gateway for payment transactions. Once the user has completed the formalities the charging process will begin. We also have a charging monitoring system developed that will help users track the battery charge percentage and charging time remaining on the LCD display. The station has emergency Kill Switches and Emergency Stop buttons mounted on the housing to address safety concerns that arise on the advert of damaged high power output utilities, when engaged the entire system will kill all the power inputs from the grid so that any fault can be safely repaired without risk of electrocution. For our implementation and testing we have built a 18650 NMC chemistry 3S5P Battery pack with a 3S BMS. The unit utilizes level 3 AC charging SAE (Society of Automotive Engineering) standards to ensure the safety and quality of the service.
Performance Investigation of Wind/Photovoltaic/Fuel cell Hybrid Energy System for Stand-alone Power Supply
Authors: Kangiwa Umar Muhammad , Gwani Mohammed , Wisdom Benjamin Joshua , Yakubu Abubakar
Published: January 2024

Large numbers of households in isolated areas in Nigeria were reported to have lacking access to national grid. Their basic electricity demand is served through fossil fuel generators which are costly and environmentally unfriendly. The fact that extension of national grid lines to those areas becomes difficult, renewable energy resources exploitation is the best alternatives. Wind and solar energy as clean abundantly available resources could be harnessed in a hybrids form with long-term storage devices for enhancing energy optimization and power stability. This paper investigated the performance of Wind-PV-Fuel cell Hybrid Energy Systems for stand-alone application. The performances of Wind-Battery-Fuel cell and PV-Battery-Fuel cell Hybrid Energy Systems were investigated by using Hybrid Optimization Models for Energy Renewable (HOMER), through cycle charging controls. The techno-economic Figure of merits for the optimal configurations from these systems was compared. The results revealed that Wind-Battery-Fuel cell Hybrid had been the best system for serving4.37kWh/day (1595kWh/yr) residential load demand. The system was reported with 321 kWh/yr excess electricity, 8.59 kWh/y unmet load and 10.5 kWh/yr capacity shortage. While, the Net Present Cost (NPC), Operation and Maintenance Cost (O&MC) and Cost of Energy (COE) were $25,951, $185 /yr and $1.229/kWh respectively. The result of sensitivity analysis, predicted the unmet load and capacity shortage to be declined by 0.0% each, with system autonomy of 7.9 days. Meanwhile, the NPC, O&MC and COE have decreased by 24.6 %, 8.1 % and 25.06 % respectively. This analysis confirmed that Wind-Battery-Fuel cell-Hybrid Energy System could be an economically viable and technically feasible for stand-alone power supply for isolated areas.
Comparative Study of Induction Motor Drive in Electric Vehicle Integration: A Simulation Approach
Authors: G Rajkumar , Murali Shilpa
Published: January 2024

This paper aims in developing and analyzing a simulation model of induction motor for electric vehicles. A mathematical model of electric vehicles is developed using induction motors, sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). The control strategies were used to analyze the motor performance, and found that SVPWM is better. The mathematical model is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink with the variations in the current, THD, and voltage of both strategies and the results are analysed.
Sentiment Analysis Approaches and Applications - A Review
Authors: SK Syed Zabiulla , Goswami Mausumi
Published: January 2024

With the advent of smartphones and the ease of access to the internet, people are mainly interested in sending textual messages through social media platforms. In many cases, customers would like to review the services provided by different providers in order to express satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The sentiments of users make a huge difference in the success of any business idea in the present digital age. As there are many competitors in every field of technology, health, and education, people would selectively want to use the resources that have positive opinions about them from the user community in the online reviews. There are different techniques to effectively estimate the user reviews, whether they are for or against a particular concept or the product. There are different techniques, like lexicon-based techniques, machine learning-based techniques, and deep learning-based techniques which are used to analyse the sentiments of the users’ reviews in order to improve user expectations. Lexicon-based techniques have many challenges, like the wrong interpretation of the meanings of the words and giving wrong sentiment scores to the words used by ignoring the grammatical constraints in the user reviews. There are many machine learning algorithms, like Logistic regression (LR), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) which can overcome the shortcomings of lexicon-based sentiment analysis models and could be used in various spheres of applications. The manuscript presents a detailed study in this regard.
ESTRATÉGIAS ANESTÉSICAS PARA INTERVENÇÕES CARDÍACAS PRECISAS
Authors: Bitencourt Luis Guilherme Dias , Cruz Tailine Ribeiro , Luz Renata Maria Soares eloi , Mendonça Lunna Faria , Gabriella Dias Ribeiro  , Vasconcelos Gilvana Ferreira , Neto José Afonso Freitas Melro , Ruis Evelyse Cristine Lourenço , Lima Bruno Rocha de , Noronha Rayra Carvalho , Souza Gabriela Leite de , Fernandes Lucas Bonfim , Cruz Maria Luísa Silva , Zanatta Giulia
Published: January 2024

As intervenções cardíacas precisas emergem como pilares fundamentais no tratamento de condições complexas do coração. Nesse cenário, o estudo busca não apenas aprimorar a imobilidade e conforto do paciente, mas também entender como as escolhas das técnicas anestésicas precisam ser estudadas e escolhidas de acordo com seu estado clínico e compreender que outros fatores podem ser incluídos na hora de escolher o procedimento adequado. Objetivo: Compreender a importância dos procedimentos anestésicos em intervenções cardíacas.  Resultados: Foi elucidada uma comparação entre as técnicas, os benefícios hemodinâmicos e de custo benefício que podem variar de acordo com cada paciente, além do modo em como cada procedimento pode interferir na vida do indivíduo. Além disso, frisou-se sobre a importância da segurança do paciente que deve ser um fator determinante ao escolher qual procedimento deve ser adotado.
THE CRITICAL ROLE OF HRM IN THE WORLD OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Roshel Pinto  , Dr. V. Basil Hans
Published: January 2024

Purpose: In the 21st century, higher education is experiencing significant changes driven by technological advancements, shifting student demographics, financial constraints, and evolving teaching methods. Amid these complexities, Human Resource Management (HRM) has become a crucial factor in higher education institutions. The academic sector is increasingly viewed through a business perspective in todays globalized education landscape, including India, leading to heightened competition within the academic field. Managing human resources in universities involves challenges similar to those faced by corporate entities in this fiercely competitive market. Despite many universities and affiliated institutions offering courses in human resource management to better prepare students for managing large corporations, the universities themselves often struggle to efficiently manage their own human resources. The objective is to analyse the current state of HRM procedures in higher learning institutions, focusing on a comprehensive examination of the HRM techniques employed by these advanced educational establishments.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This essay delves into the current state of human resource management (HRM) in higher education, shedding light on its challenges, impact, and emphasizing why HRM is a critical issue. The study seeks to analyse the present status of HRM practices in higher learning institutions, identifying the most significant hurdles faced by HRM professionals in the realm of higher education.
Findings/Result: The research aims to enumerate how effective human resource management influences the overall operations of educational institutions. Offer recommendations for improving human resource management in higher education to align with the evolving expectations of the 21st century.
Originality/Value: The findings of the research showed that the majority of educational institutions in the higher education sector use traditional recruitment approaches. However, several educational institutions have begun recruiting potential faculty and staff members through the use of digital platforms and social media.
Paper Type: Critical Analysis
KEYWORDS: Difficulties, Higher Education, HRM, and Human Resource Technology, Inferences.
Pengaruh Brand Ambassador Dan Brand Image Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Bening’s Skincare Dengan Trustworhtiness Sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Maharani Riris Arienda , Achmad Nur
Published: January 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah menganalisis pengaruh Brand Ambassador Dan Brand Image terhadap keputusan pembelian produk Bening’s Skincare dengan Trustworhtiness sebagai variabel intervening.Metode penelitian ini ialah kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah konsumen produk Bening’s skincare di Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel adalah teknik non-probability sampling. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 210 responden. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner dan Instrument Penelitian. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dan analisis Structural Equation Model (SEM) dengan Smart Partial Least Square (PLS). PLS memiliki beberapa model spesifikasi yang terdiri dari tiga tipe hubungan, yaitu inner model, outer model dan weight relation. Hasil penelitian ini ialah bahwa Brand ambassador dan Brand image berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap purchase decision. Brand ambassador dan Brand image berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap trustworthiness. Trustworthiness berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap purchase decision. Trustworthiness memediasi pengaruh brand ambassador terhadap purchase decision, secara parsial. Trustworthiness memediasi pengaruh brand image terhadap purchase decision, secara parsial.
Methodology for evaluating lameness in animals with osteoarthritis
Authors:   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin”, Moscow, Russia, Kachalin Mikhail D. , Posyabin Sergey V. ,   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin”, Moscow, Russia, Borkhunova Elena N. ,   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin”, Moscow, Russia, Belogurov Vladislav V. ,   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin”, Moscow, Russia, Lyaskovsky Igor D. ,   Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA by K. I. Skryabin”, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2024

The article presents data on the results of the development and implementation of the methodology for determining the degree of lameness in animals with osteoarthritis. The work was performed in experimental conditions on sheep with controlled degrees of pathological process development and terms of its course. Verification of the degree and stage of the course of osteoarthritis in animals is an important task in clinical veterinary medicine due to the widespread occurrence of such pathological processes, but to date there is no generally recognized dominant methodology for their determination. This method takes into account the main physiological, clinical and radiographic markers, which should be paid attention to in the development of osteoarthritis in animals, and the results obtained during the approbation of the method in the experiment prove its validity and the possibility of its application in clinical veterinary medicine.