THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SPORTS AND THE RISK OF DISEASES IN ADULT POPULATION
Authors:   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Manoshkina Elena , Klimko Vasilii ,   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Medvedev Viktor ,   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Alekseev Aleksey ,   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Stupak Valerij ,   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: August 2024

Significance. Physical inactivity (lack of physical activity) is increasing in many countries, resulting in the development of non-communicable diseases and deterioration of population health. Currently, it is believed that physical activity and sports contribute to prevention of cardiovascular and other non-communicable diseases. However, there are many facts that contradict this concept. In this regard, it is relevant to conduct research on the relationship between physical activity and sports and presence of diseases. The purpose of the study was to identify a relationship between regular physical activity and sports and the risk of diseases in adults. Material and methods. The analysis used results of a sample population survey conducted by Rosstat in all regions of the Russian Federation in 2021. A sample of the respondents aged 18-74 was developed. Characteristics of physical activity and sports were selected as dependent variables in the analysis of health of the two groups of adults: those engaged and those not engaged in physical activity and sports. The relationship between several factors (independent variables) and response (dependent variable) was analyzed using a multiple logistic regression model. The results of evaluating the coefficients of the models are presented as odds ratio (95% confidence interval) and p-value to determine statistical significance of the coefficients. The statistical analysis was performed using the R software version 4.2.1. Results. The factor “Regular physical activity and sports” showed its importance for reducing the risk of 12 types of diseases (OR<1 5% p-value significance level), including all cardiovascular diseases studied. The “Age” factor showed a positive association with the risk of all 20 diseases studied. The body mass index had a positive correlation with the risk of 18 out of all 20 diseases studied, except for the risk of cancer (where the relationship with the risk is reversed). The “Gender” factor was significantly related with a number of diseases, while five of them – “Stroke” (cerebral venous thrombosis or bleeding), “Myocardial infarction”, “Liver diseases, hepatitis” and “Gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer” and “Gout") were associated with the male sex, while the remaining 15 – with the female sex. Conclusion. The study results show that regular physical activity and sports are significantly associated with the responder’s knowledge about major cardiovascular diseases (namely, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction), acute cerebral circulatory disorders (thrombotic stroke and cerebral hemorrhages), cardiac arrhythmias, (heart failure), cancers, liver diseases (hepatitis), gastric and duodenal ulcers, kidney diseases (including urolithiasis), diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis and other arthropathies.