bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An isobolographic analysis of the anti-nociceptive effect of geraniin in combination with morphine or diclofenac
Authors: Boakye-Gyasi Eric , Kasanga Ella Anle , Ameyaw Elvis Ofori , Abotsi Wonder Kofi Mensah , Biney Robert Peter , Agyare Christian , Woode Eric
Published: October 2017

Background:

Geraniin, a dehydroellagitannin, is a major component of the aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell. (Euphorbiaceae). Several Phyllanthus species are traditionally used for painful disorders. The anti-nociceptive effects of the aqueous extract of the aerial parts of P. muellerianus and of geraniin have been scientifically established. The aim of the paper is to determine whether a combination of geraniin and diclofenac or geraniin and morphine leads to better anti-nociceptive effects.

Methods:

The nature of the interactions of morphine and diclofenac with geraniin was evaluated by undertaking the isobolographic analysis. Mice were treated with geraniin (3–30 mg/kg), morphine (1–10 mg/kg), and diclofenac (10–100 mg/kg) to obtain the ED50 values of the agents in the formalin test. Dose-response curves were then obtained and analyzed after the co-administration of geraniin with morphine or diclofenac in fixed ratio (1:1) combinations based on specific fractions (1/2, 1/4, and 1/8) of their respective ED50 values for the formalin test.

Results:

Geraniin was less potent than morphine but more potent than diclofenac in the formalin-induced nociception. The isobolographic analysis of geraniin/morphine (G/M) and geraniin/diclofenac combinations (G/D) at different fractions revealed the potentiation of their anti-nociceptive effects. The degrees of potentiation, which were calculated as interaction indices, showed synergism for both combinations in both phase I (G/M: 0.040, G/D: 0.017) and phase II (G/M: 0.004, G/D: 0.002) of the formalin test.

Conclusions:

The present study demonstrates synergism for the co-administration of geraniin with both morphine and diclofenac.
Cost Analysis of the Country of Georgia’s Street Level Drug Testing Policy
Authors: Bergen-Cico Dessa , Otiashvili David , Kirtadze Irma , Zabransky Tomas , Tsertsvadze Vano
Published: October 2017

Background

In 2006 the country of Georgia implemented Article 45 of the Administrative code and Article 273 of the Criminal Code of Georgia, a public policy that enable police to detain any individual, anywhere, at any time on grounds of suspicion of drug use; and require them to submit to urine screening to test for the presence of illegal drugs and their metabolites. This policy is referred to as the street drug testing policy. Positive drug screening results in fines and potential jail time. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a cost analysis of this policy and assess the execution of the policy and the extent to which the policy meets its stated aims.

Methods

This study employed cost analysis methodology to calculate annual direct material and labor costs associated with carrying out Georgia’s street level drug testing policy. These costs encompassed law enforcement, drug testing, associated judicial processes, imprisonment and income offset through fines collected during the two years covered in this study (2008 and 2014). In addition, we measured: fidelity of the execution of the policy measured by the accuracy of the percentage of people detained who were found to actually have used drugs; and the policy’s effectiveness in deterring drug use among those who tested positive. Impact on drug use behavior was measured through impact analysis interviews conducted with a national sample of 500 detainees who tested positive for drugs under Article 45 and Article 273.

Results

Using conservative financial estimates the cost of carrying out the policy offset by fine revenues broke even in 2008 (−111,889 GEL); however, by 2014 the costs increased 20 % in conjunction with an 18 % increase in the number of people detained for testing. However, the percentage of people who tested positive for drugs declined 39 % indicating decreased fidelity in the execution of the policy; accompanied by a financial imbalance of −10,277,909 GEL. Moreover, effectiveness analysis revealed that within one month of being detained and having tested positive for drug use, over 90 % of individuals had returned to pre-detention drug use levels, and within 12 months 100 % of detainees had resumed prior drug use behaviors.

Conclusion

The financial costs associated with Georgia’s street level drug screening policy has rapidly increased while becoming decreasingly accurate and efficient in its execution. Moreover, data indicates that the policy is not effective in reducing or stopping drug use among those who tested positive. In conclusion, it is fiscally unsustainable to continue the policy as it is being executed and the policy is ineffective in changing drug use behavior among people who use illegal substances.
Makorin ring finger 3 gene analysis in Koreans with familial precocious puberty
Authors: Jeong Hwal Rim , Lee Hae Sang , Hwang Jin Soon
Published: October 2017

Background:

Precocious puberty is known as an idiopathic, sporadic disease. Recently, specific mutations have been shown to cause familial central precocious puberty (CPP). The makorin ring finger 3 (

Objective:

To identify

Methods:

26 patients with CPP and their parents (total 13 families) were recruited. We measured endocrine and auxological parameters, and sequenced all

Results:

We found no

Conclusions:

mutation is uncommon in Korean patients with familial CPP. Ethnic variation in the
Oral health status of children with type 1 diabetes: a comparative study
Authors: Ismail Ahmad Faisal , McGrath Colman Patrick , Yiu Cynthia K.Y.
Published: October 2017

Background:

The aim of this study was to compare the oral health status of children with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls.

Methods:

This comparative study involved 64 children, 32 children with type 1 diabetes and 32 age- and gender-matched controls. Oral health examination was conducted using WHO criteria. Dental caries experience was recorded using DMFT/dmft index and periodontal parameters were assessed using plaque, gingivitis, gingival bleeding and calculus indexes. Dental caries and periodontal parameters between the two groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test.

Results:

Children with diabetes exhibited significantly greater plaque deposits (p=0.01) and a higher mean plaque index (p<0.01), when compared to healthy subjects. No significant difference in DMFT and dmft scores, mean bleeding index, calculus index and gingival index was found between the two groups.

Conclusions:

Children with type 1 diabetes had a poor oral health status with greater plaque accumulation than children without diabetes.
Persistent de Quervain tenosynovitis induced by somatotropin treatment
Authors: Yurdakul Ozan Volkan , Aytüre Lütfiye , Yalçinkaya Ebru Yilmaz
Published: October 2017

Background:

Growth hormone deficiency is a well-known clinical entity that is usually treated with somatotropin (growth hormone). Growth hormone has some frequent side effects such as intracranial hypertension, lymphedema and diabetes mellitus.

Case presentation:

We report the case of a 14-year-old girl with a history of wrist pain and clumsiness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed de Quervain tenosynovitis. The patient had a history of using growth hormones for 12 months. We conservatively managed the patient with corticosteroid injections and oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and followed the course. However, the conservative treatment methods failed, and we recommended surgery, which was rejected. She was given nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and was followed up for 2 years, at the end of which her visual analog scale had decreased from 80 to 50.

Conclusions:

To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of de Quervain tenosynovitis related to somatotropin treatment. Physicians should consider the possibility of musculoskeletal side effects after somatotropin treatment.
Severe complications after initial management of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome and diabetic ketoacidosis with a standard diabetic ketoacidosis protocol
Authors: Nambam Bimota , Menefee Emily , Gungor Neslihan , Mcvie Robert
Published: October 2017

Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) is a clinical entity not identical to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and with a markedly higher mortality. Children with HHS can also present with concomitant DKA. Patients with HHS (with or without DKA) are profoundly dehydrated but often receive inadequate fluid resuscitation as well as intravenous insulin therapy based on traditional DKA protocols, and this can lead to devastating consequences. In this article, we briefly review HHS along with a report of an adolescent who presented with HHS and DKA and was initially managed as DKA. She went into hypotensive shock and developed severe, multiorgan failure. A thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of HHS and its differences from DKA in terms of initial management is crucial to guide management and improve outcomes. Additionally, fluid therapy in amounts concordant with the degree of dehydration remains the mainstay therapy.
Thyroid hormone levels in late preterm, early term and term infants: a study with healthy neonates revealing reference values and factors affecting thyroid hormones
Authors: Aktas Ozge Nur , Gursoy Tugba , Soysal Elif , Esencan Ecem , Ercin Secil
Published: October 2017

Background:

Thyroid function tests in neonates have been challenging to interpret because their levels are affected by several neonatal and delivery-related factors. The aim of the study was to evaluate reference values of thyroxine (T4) and thyrotropin (TSH) levels in different gestational age groups and to demonstrate the affect of perinatal factors on thyroid hormones.

Methods:

Medical records of 7616 neonates whose gestational age ranges between 34 and 42 weeks were analyzed retrospectively. Gender, mode of delivery, gestational age, postnatal age and birth weight were noted together with TSH and T4 levels.

Results:

Gestational age (r=0.14, p<0.001) and birth weight (r=0.12, p<0.001) had positive correlation with T4 levels, whereas they had no effect on TSH levels. Males had higher TSH and lower T4 levels (p=0.001 for both) compared with females. T4 levels of babies born via vaginal delivery were lower than the ones born via cesarean section (p=0.01). Multivariable analysis yielded gestational age as the only factor affecting T4 levels (p<0.001). T4 and TSH levels based on 2.5–97.5 percentile cutoffs according to gestational age were presented.

Conclusions:

The thyroid hormone ranges given in this study can help pediatricians to interpret the thyroid hormone results with ease.
The relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth among overweight and obese children and adolescents
Authors: Belei Oana , Olariu Laura , Dobrescu Andreea , Marcovici Tamara , Marginean Otilia
Published: October 2017

Background:

The increasing rate of obesity and overweight among children has highlighted nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the most common cause of chronic pediatric liver diseases. There are many publications supporting the idea that gut microbiota is altered in NAFLD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of NAFLD among overweight and obese children with and without small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) compared to a control group and to assess if intestinal dysbiosis represents a risk factor for NAFLD.

Methods:

One hundred and twenty-five overweight and obese children aged 10–18 years and 120 controls matched for age and gender were enrolled. SIBO was assessed by glucose hydrogen breath test (GHBT) in all subjects. NAFLD was assessed in all children using abdominal imaging and laboratory findings.

Results:

Of 125 obese children enrolled, 47 (37.6%) presented intestinal dysbiosis and 78 (62.4%) were SIBO negative. Only four (3.3%) controls were SIBO positive. NAFLD was detected in 28/47 (59.5%) of the SIBO positive obese group, compared to 8/78 (10.2%) of the SIBO negative obese group (p<0.001) and 0/120 (0%) controls (p<0.001). Children from the SIBO positive obese group had higher rates of elevated aminotransferases levels: aspartate aminotransferases (ASAT) (53.1% vs. 6.4%; p<0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) (59.5% vs. 7.6%; p<0.001), hypertension (23.4% vs. 5.1%; p=0.002) and metabolic syndrome (44.6% vs. 9%; p=0.002) compared to the SIBO negative obese group.

Conclusions:

Obese children with SIBO have an increased risk for developing NAFLD. The relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and diet can influence the gut-liver axis.
Autumn food habits of the brown bear Ursus arctos in the Golestan National Park: a pilot study in Iran
Authors: Soofi Mahmood , Qashqaei Ali Turk , Aryal Achyut , Coogan Sean C.P.
Published: October 2017

Food consumed by brown bears in the Golestan National Park in Iran was analyzed during autumn 2011. We identified 22 food items in 61 scats, with the most important food items being hawthorn fruit, cherry plum fruit and chestnut-leaved oak hard mast, based on importance value (IV) estimates of 26.4%, 18.1% and 12.9%, respectively. The overall bear diet (percent digestible dry matter) was composed of 77.9% soft mast (i.e. fruit), 21.3% hard mast and small proportions of other vegetation (0.3%) or animal matter (0.4%). One anthropogenic food was identified (vine grape) and was of minor importance (IV=0.2%).
Crystal structure of potassium 1-methyl-1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazole-5-thiolate, C2H3N4SK
Authors: Wang Xiuhang
Published: October 2017

C2H3N4SK, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 13.874(2) Å, b = 6.5644(11) Å, c = 6.6911(11) Å, V = 609.39(17) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.02345, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0594, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of the salt 1,1′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-ium) diperchlorate, C14H28N4(ClO4)2
Authors: Wen Gao-Ju , Gu Lian-Shuai
Published: October 2017

C14H28N4O8Cl2, monoclinic, P21/n a = 8.7538(18) Å, b = 11.393(2) Å, c = 9.942(4) Å, β = 97.50(3)°, V = 983.1(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0706, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2036, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of guanidinium tetraethylammonium carbonate dihydrate, C10H30N4O5
Authors: Li Xiaokun , Zhu Linlin
Published: October 2017

C10H30N4O5, orthorhombic, Pna21, a = 18.1934(5) Å, b = 7.25480(10) Å, c = 11.8168(2) Å, V = 1559.69(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0358, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0978, T = 296 K.
The crystal structure of the Matrine derivative: 12-(1H-indol-1-yl)dodecahydro-1H,5H,10H-dipyrido[2,1-f:3′,2′,1′-ij][1,6]naphthyridin-10-one hydrate, C23H29N3O
Authors: Xing-An Cheng , Zhan-Mei Liu , Wei-Xin Liang , Bo Wu , Xu-Hong Jiang
Published: October 2017

C23H29N3O, orthorhombic P212121 (no. 19), a = 8.62130(10) Å, b = 18.25770(10) Å, c = 25.6873(2) Å, V = 4043.31(6) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0305, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0807, T = 293(2) K.
Hall and ion-slip effects on mixed convection in a chemically reacting fluid between rotating and stationary disks
Authors: Shiferaw A. Mekonnen , RamReddy Ch. , Pradeepa T. , Mathunjwa J.S.
Published: October 2017

A steady incompressible chemically reacting fluid between two disks under the influence of cross-diffusion, Hall and ion-slip effects is studied by assuming the lower disk is rotating and the upper disk is stationary. The system of nonlinear differential equations representing velocity, temperature and concentration is solved numerically using spectral quasi-linearisation method. The effects of chemical reaction, Hall current and ion-slip, Dufour and Soret on velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are studied. The stress, rate of heat and mass transfers are discussed for various parameters and the results are displayed in the tabular form. It is found that increasing Hall parameter decreases the temperature and concentration, and the opposite trend observed when ion-slip parameter increased. The concentration reduces with the enhance of the chemical reaction parameter and Soret number.
Increasing the Size of the Pie: The Impact of Crowding on Nonprofit Sector Resources
Authors: Beaton Erynn , Hwang Hyunseok
Published: October 2017

The number of nonprofit organizations is rapidly increasing, which has led nonprofit practitioners to complain of funding scarcity, nonprofit scholars to closely study nonprofit competition, and policymakers to consider increasing nonprofit barriers to entry. Underlying each of these perspectives is an assumption of limited financial resources. We empirically examine this assumption using county-level panel data on nonprofit human services organizations from the National Center for Charitable Statistics. Contrary to the limited resources assumption, our fixed-effects models show that increasing nonprofit density, at its current levels, has the effect of increasing sector financial resources in each county. We suggest that these findings prompt a tradeoff for policymakers. A sector with free market entry results in a nonprofit sector with more, smaller nonprofits, but such a sector may have the capacity to serve more people because it has more total sector financial resources. Conversely, a sector with higher barriers to entry would translate to a sector with fewer, larger nonprofits with less overall capacity due to fewer sector financial resources.
Facile and sustainable functionalization of graphene layers with pyrrole compounds
Authors: Barbera Vincenzina , Bernardi Andrea , Palazzolo Alberto , Rosengart Alessandro , Brambilla Luigi , Galimberti Maurizio
Published: October 2017

A facile and sustainable functionalization of graphene layers was performed with pyrrole compounds (PyC) prepared through the Paal–Knorr reaction of a primary amine with 2,5-hexanedione. A good number of primary amines were used: hexanamine, dodecanamine, octadecanamine, 2-aminoacetic acid, 2-amino-1,3-propanediol, 3-(triethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine. The reactions were characterized by good yield, up to 96%, and indeed satisfactory atom efficiency, up to 80%. The functionalization of graphene layers was obtained by mixing PyC with a high surface area graphite and heating at a temperature range from 130°C to 150°C for 3 h. The yield of functionalization reaction was larger than 60% and also up to about 90% for the pyrrole compounds from dodecanamine and 2-amino-1,3-propanediol, respectively. The cycloaddition reaction between the graphene layers and the pyrrole compound, oxidized in two position, is proposed as working hypothesis to account for such efficient functionalization. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the structure of the graphitic substrate remained substantially unaltered, after the reaction. Stable dispersions of HSAG adducts with different PyC were prepared in solvents with different solubility parameters and HRTEM analysis showed the presence of aggregates of only few layers of graphene. Qualitative results of dispersion tests were used to calculate the Hansen sphere for the HSAG adduct with the pyrrole compound based on dodecanamine so to provide a first estimate of its Hansen solubility parameters. This work paves the way for the facile and sustainable modification of the solubility parameters of graphene layers and for the predictive assessment of their compatibility with different environments.
Development of advanced, non-toxic, synthetic radiation shielding aggregate
Authors: Mudgal Manish , Chouhan Ramesh Kumar , Verma Sarika , Amritphale Sudhir Sitaram , Das Satyabrata , Shrivastva Arvind
Published: October 2017

For the first time in the world, the capability of red mud waste has been explored for the development of advanced synthetic radiation shielding aggregate. Red mud, an aluminium industry waste consists of multi component, multi elemental characteristics. In this study, red mud from two different sources have been utilized. Chemical formulation and mineralogical designing of the red mud has been done by ceramic processing using appropriate reducing agent and additives. The chemical analysis, SEM microphotographs and XRD analysis confirms the presence of multi-component, multi shielding and multi-layered phases in both the different developed advance synthetic radiation shielding aggregate. The mechanical properties, namely aggregate impact value, aggregate crushing value and aggregate abrasion value have also been evaluated and was compared with hematite ore aggregate and found to be an excellent material useful for making advanced radiation shielding concrete for the construction of nuclear power plants and other radiation installations.
Effects of γ irradiation on bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid supported by macroporous silica-based polymeric resins
Authors: Shu Qiding , Khayambashi Afshin , Wang Xinpeng , Wang Xiaolong , Feng Lei , Wei Yuezhou
Published: October 2017

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) is one of the most intensively used extractants in solvent extraction, and its particular interest lies in the its application in nuclear fuel cycle as an extractant supported by macroporous silica-based polymeric resins in solid phase extraction technique. In this study, HDEHP/SiO2-P was synthesized by impregnation and immobilization, and we mainly focused on its radiation-resistant properties against γ-rays. It was found that HDEHP/SiO2-P still had good adsorption and separation properties after γ-irradiation by batch experiment. The uptake capacity of Gd(III) towards HDEHP/SiO2-P decreased slightly after irradiation. HDEHP/SiO2-P did not show any changes in the characterization of infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis before and after irradiation. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was employed to investigate the reaction mechanism in radiolysis of HDEHP in irradiated filter liquor. HDEHP/SiO2-P had a satisfactory radiation-resistance and chemical stability, even though it was exposed to the high absorbed dose of 500 kGy by γ-rays.
Plutonium leaching from polycrystalline and monocrystalline PuO2
Authors: Zubekhina Bella Yu. , Burakov Boris E.
Published: October 2017

Plutonium dioxide samples have been studied by static leach tests at a temperature of 25 and 90°C. A normalized Pu mass loss was observed from polycrystalline (without correction for matrix porosity) and monocrystalline 239PuO2 samples occurring at a rate of 10−4–10−3 g/m2 in distilled water. This is comparable with some ceramic waste forms proposed for Pu immobilization. In contrast, the Pu release rate for polycrystalline 239PuO2 samples doped with 238Pu is significantly higher for distilled water and acidic solution, ranging from 10−2 to 10−1 g/m2.
Impact of uranium carbide organics treated by prolonged boiling and electrochemical oxidation upon uranium and plutonium solvent extraction
Authors: Maher Chris J. , Bouyer Christine , Griffiths Tamara L. , Legand Solène , Leturcq Gilles , Miguirditchian Manuel , Sarsfield Mark
Published: October 2017

The dissolution of uranium or uranium-plutonium carbide fuel in nitric acid leads to ~50% carbon evolved as carbon dioxide, the remainder remains in the solution as soluble organics. These dissolved organic molecules interfere with the solvent extraction of uranium and plutonium by complexing to the actinide ions and decreasing the efficiency of their extraction. Experiments reported here describe two series of experiments assessing the uranium carbide dissolution liquor treatment by prolonged boiling and electrochemical oxidation. Plutonium losses to aqueous and solvent raffinates are observed for untreated liquors, highlighting that mineralisation of dissolved organics is necessary to reduce the complexing effects of organic acids to an extent that permit efficient operation of a solvent extraction process both in the first solvent use (considered here) and for maintaining solvent quality during industrial solvent reuse in the highly active cycle. Solution carbon analysis and 30% TBP solvent extraction batch tests of uranium and plutonium originating from dissolved uranium carbide liquors untreated and after treatment are compared. These experiments demonstrate the reprocessing of uranium carbides by direct dissolution coupled to a mineralisation process, can achieve near quantitative uranium and high plutonium recoveries (99.9%).
Radiolysis products and degradation mechanism studies on tri-isoamyl phosphate (TiAP)
Authors: Li Ruifen , Cao Xiaojun , Zhao Haogui , Liu Chunxia , Li Zheng , Wang Jinhua , Zhang Lan , Li Qinguan
Published: October 2017

As an alternate extractant for spent fuel reprocessing, the radiolysis properties of TiAP should be systematically studied to evaluate the feasibility of using it in engineering scale. In this paper, the irradiation stability of TiAP was investigated by using the concept of radiolysis ratio and G value. It is found the extent of radiolysis would be increased with the increasing of absorbed doses, but decreased with the increasing of pre-equilibrium aqueous HNO3 concentration. Furthermore, the radiolysis products were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively with gas, liquid and ion chromatograph, based on which the possible radiolysis mechanism of TiAP was also concluded.
Study of the radioactivity in environmental soil samples from Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey
Authors: Turhan Şeref , Gören Elif , Uğur Fatma Aysun , Karataşlı Muhammet , Yeğingil Zehra
Published: October 2017

In this study, a detailed γ-ray spectrometer survey was performed to obtain the baseline data on natural and fallout radioactivity in soil samples (10–30 cm depth) collected from Iğdır which is a province in Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey and located along the border with Armenia. Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant in Eastern Armenia is only about 20 km away from Iğdır province. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in the soil samples were found as 19.1±0.6 (range: 12.8–31.2 Bq kg−1), 21.9±0.6 (range: 11.6–36.8 Bq kg−1), 437.7±10.3 (range: 285.0–613.7 Bq kg−1) and 11.8±1.1 Bq kg−1, (range: 2.5–51.1 Bq kg−1), respectively. The radiological hazards caused by ionizing radiation emitted from these radionuclides on the population living in the region were assessed by estimating radiological parameters such as absorbed γ dose rate in outdoor and the corresponding annual effective dose rate from external exposure, annual effective dose rate from inhalation of radon and excess lifetime cancer risk. The results revealed that there is no significant radiological hazard for human population because the average values of radiological parameters are within the recommended limits.
Interaction of Three Interfacial Cracks between an Orthotropic Half-Plane Bonded to a Dissimilar Orthotropic Layer with Punch
Authors: Mishra P.K. , Singh P. , Das S.
Published: October 2017

This article deals with the interactions between a central crack and a pair of outer cracks situated at the interface of an orthotropic elastic half-plane bonded to a dissimilar orthotropic layer with a punch. The problem is reduced to the solution of three simultaneous singular integral equations that are finally solved using Jacobi polynomials. The phenomena of crack shielding and crack amplification have been depicted through graphs for different particular cases.
Nonlinear Stage of Modulation Instability for a Fifth-Order Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Jia Hui-Xian , Shan Dong-Ming
Published: October 2017

In this article, a fifth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which can be used to characterise the solitons in the optical fibre and inhomogeneous Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin system, has been investigated. Akhmediev breather, Kuzentsov soliton, and generalised soliton have all been attained via the Darbox transformation. Propagation and interaction for three-type breathers have been studied: the types of breather are determined by the module and complex angle of parameter ξ; interaction between Akhmediev breather and generalised soliton displays a phase shift, whereas the others do not. Modulation instability of the generalised solitons have been analysed: a small perturbation can develop into a rogue wave, which is consistent with the results of rogue wave solutions.
Reactions of Al/P, Ga/P and P–H functionalized frustrated Lewis pairs with azides and a diazomethane – formation of adducts and capture of nitrenes
Authors: Uhl Werner , Backs Jana , Hepp Alexander , Keweloh Lukas , Layh Marcus , Pleschka Damian , Possart Josephine , Wollschläger Agnes
Published: October 2017

The Al- and Ga-based frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) Mes2P–C(MR2)=CH-R′ (1, M=Al, R=
t
Bu; 2, M=Al, R=CH2

t
Bu; 3, M=Ga, R=
t
Bu) and the unique P–H functionalized FLP Mes(H)P–CH(AlR2)=C(H)-
t
Bu [4, R=CH(SiMe3)2] were treated with a variety of azides R′-N=N=N [R′=
t
Bu, SiMe3, Ph, CH2Ph, C6H4(4-Cl), C6H4(4-CF3), C6H4(4-Me), CH2C6H4(4-Cl), CH2C6H4(4-
t
Bu), C6H4(2-CH=CHPh)] in order to study systematically the influence of the substituents at nitrogen, phosphorus and the metal atoms on the reaction courses and the thermal stability of the products. Azide adducts (5–8) were isolated in which the terminal nitrogen atoms of the azides (Nγ
γ) were bound to the phosphorus and the respective metal atoms resulting in four-membered PCMN heterocycles as the sole structural motif despite the wide range of substituents and the variation in the metal atoms of the FLPs. Thermal activation of selected azide adducts led to the elimination of N2 and the formation of the nitrene adducts 9–11 in which formally a transient, highly reactive nitrene N–R with an electron sextet nitrogen atom is trapped by the FLPs. For the first time FLPs were treated with a diazomethane, Me3Si–C(H)=N=N. Reactions with 1 and 2 afforded the adducts [Mes2P–C(AlR2)=CH-Ph](μ-N2CH–SiMe3) 12 (R=
t
Bu, CH2

t
Bu) which had structures and spectroscopic properties similar to those of the corresponding azides. These compounds are thermally stable and do not eliminate dinitrogen upon warming or irradiation. Protonation of 12a with HCl in Et2O resulted in cleavage of the Al–N bond and formation of the zwitterionic phosphonium salt Mes2P[NH–N=C(H)–SiMe3]–C(AlCl
t
Bu2)=C(H)-Ph 13 with an intramolecular N–H···Cl hydrogen bond.
We Want to be More Involved: Student Perceptions of Students as Partners Across the Degree Program Curriculum
Authors: Matthews Kelly E , Groenendijk Lauren J , Chunduri Prasad
Published: October 2017

Engaging students-as-partners is gaining momentum in the higher education sector. This study explores undergraduate students’ perceptions of how involved they were in partnership activities across their degree programs, and whether this matched their desired level of involvement in such practices. Analysis of a quantitative study of 268 students showed statistically significant differences between perceived levels of importance and involvement for all the partnership practices (n=18) investigated in our survey. These results highlight that the students in this study want to be more substantially involved in partnership practices across their degree program. We argue against the consumerist rhetoric about the role of students as passive learners and advocate for greater inclusion of partnership activities that foster active student participation in shaping the university curricula. We discuss implications for Students as Partners in relation to the progressive development of university curricula and assessment practices along with future research directions.
Emotion and Partnerships
Authors: Felten Peter
Published: October 2017

The scholarly literature on partnerships virtually ignores emotion. That is unfortunate because both the practices we use and the research we conduct could be deepened by directly addressing the ways emotions influence partnership processes and outcomes
Students as Partners—Good for Students, Good for Staff: A Study on the Impact of Partnership Working and How This Translates to Improved Student-Staff Engagement
Authors: Curran Roisin
Published: October 2017

This paper situates Students as Partners (SaP) within the broader construct of student engagement so that we can examine the influence of partnership on student and staff participants and how this impacts on student and staff relationships. The findings of interviews carried out with students and staff (n=14), which aimed to capture rich descriptions of the lived experience of individuals, reveal that there was a high level of consensus between students and staff on how they described their lived experiences and the impact that partnership was having on them—particularly in relation to their personal development. Whilst it became apparent that the participants’ thinking and behaviours had changed as a result of their involvement in partnership, quite often the catalyst for this change was in relation to how the participants were feeling. Considerations for relevant stakeholders are highlighted to support the scaling up of a SaP approach.
The Importance of a Whole-of-Department Framework in Learning Partnerships
Authors: Hunt Lynne Yvonne Anne , Hunt Lyall John
Published: October 2017

This historical case study of the Yilgarn Project explores a community-engaged, whole-of-department framework that involved students as partners in research and publications. It shows how existing flexible curriculum and assessment processes enabled student engagement with research. The purpose of this case study is to share practice and to explore partnership styles. It locates partnership approaches in the intellectual traditions from which they have emerged and explores the relative importance of the process of partnership as well as the product, which is described in terms of the skills that students learned. The Yilgarn Project is analysed in the context of the Higher Education Academy (HEA) Framework (2014) with special reference to the core values that inform partnerships. This gives rise to discussion of the nature of partnership and the relative importance of using empowering processes to enhance student learning outcomes.
Partnership in Practice: Implementing Healey’s Conceptual Model
Authors: Ahmad Arshad , Ali Aadil , VanMaaren John , Barrington Janette , Merritt Olivia , Ansilio Kyle
Published: October 2017

This case study discusses the implementation of Healey, Flint, and Harrington's (2014) model of student engagement through partnership with staff. Healey et al. (2014) identify issues associated with “putting partnership into practice” including inclusivity and scale, power relations, reward and recognition, transition and sustainability, and identity. Faculty, staff, and students participating in a Students as Partners (SaP) Program at McMaster University’s MacPherson Institute encountered these issues during a Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SOTL) project. This paper explores our reflections and suggests refinements related to the above five issues. It concludes by identifying possible new directions for SaP programs.
PhD Student Ambassadors: Partners in Promoting Graduate Research
Authors: Mitchell Liesel , Seyedmehdi Shabnam , Spronken-Smith Rachel
Published: October 2017

The aims of this research were to explore the experiences of staff and postgraduate students in an ambassador scheme, develop a model of partnering with postgraduate students in the administrative space, and consider implications for partnership initiatives. A qualitative case study was undertaken of a “Graduate Research Ambassador Scheme”, involving a dean employing two PhD students as paid ambassadors to help promote a vibrant graduate research culture. Research diaries were kept by each partner, regular research discussions occurred, and each partner wrote a reflective account of their experiences. These data were collaboratively analysed using a general inductive approach. All partners had very positive experiences, but there was some uncertainty regarding the nature of the role and some institutional challenges. A model of staff-student partnership within the administrative space was developed that included three main influences on effective partnerships: roles in partnership, structural characteristics, and personal characteristics. The model highlights the need for clear articulation of roles and tasks, the challenge of institutional cultures, and the way that resources, time, and space can either hinder or help partnerships. Personal characteristics such as trust, respect, and informal communication can significantly mitigate challenges and build fruitful partnerships.
Book Review of Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom
Authors: Abbot Sophia
Published: October 2017

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The bargaining theory of war and peace
Authors: Anderton Charles H.
Published: October 2017

The bargaining theory of war and peace has emerged as an important research framework in the social sciences for understanding why wars occur and why opportunities for peace sometimes fail. Close to a dozen distinct “rationalist” sources of war have been theoretically modeled in the bargaining literature, empirical studies of war and peace are increasingly drawing upon bargaining models for theoretical guidance, and “nonrationalist” sources of war based on insights from psychology and sociology can be incorporated into the theory. This article briefly surveys key elements and results of the bargaining theory of war and it emphasizes the untapped potential for the framework to serve as a theory of peace in both research and teaching.
Peace economics and peaceful economic policies
Authors: Caruso Raul
Published: October 2017

This article outlines pillars of peace economics and peaceful economics policies. It first highlights Kenneth Boulding’s contribution to peace economics. In particular, substantial attention is paid to his conception of three systems that govern social life, namely the exchange system, the threat system, and the integrative system. Examples are produced to describe the differences between and among them. Second, in light of Boulding’s views, a workable definition of peace is proposed and associated suggestions for peaceful economic policy are made. Three aspects are underlined: The establishment of consensual democracies, the setting of a novel economic policy target—namely the ratio of public education expenditure to military expenditure—and the pursuit of stricter regulations on the international arms trade.
War, peace, and development
Authors: Dunne J. Paul
Published: October 2017

Historically, peace and security have been important issues in economics. Yet for contemporary economics, issues of peace and security are marginal, and economists are conspicuous by their absence in debates to a degree that rivals the importance of the problems. Strikingly, economics textbooks in general, and development economics textbooks in particular, seldom give consideration to violent conflicts despite the dreadful impact they have on populations in the very poorest of countries. Similarly, they seldom deal with issues of peace and post-war reconstruction despite their importance for successful development. This article reviews some achievements within the economics of peace and security field and considers how our understanding of the preparation for violent conflict and the determinants and costs of conflict has been improved by research and what this might entail for some of the challenges ahead. In particular, the article identifies the challenge of constructing a peace economics that will allow for the design of economic systems that embed peace and overcome many of the conditions that continue to maintain the prevalence of violent conflict around the world.
On peace and development economics
Authors: Silwal Shikha
Published: October 2017

Peace and economic development are inextricably linked, yet there is little synergy between researching and teaching the two. The development literature largely assumes peace, even if amidst weak institutions, while the peace economics literature largely assumes the absence of development. This essay presents examples of how integrating the two could help the profession understand better the economics of being poor. Since scholarship flows into what we teach, challenges and opportunities in teaching the economics of war and peace are also discussed.
Medical aspects of support to children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Borodina L.G. , Pismennaya N.V.
Published: October 2017

A multiyears experience of medical assistance of children with autism spectrum disorders on the base of the Federal Resource Center for Organization of Comrehencive Support for Children with Autism Spectrum Dizorders is summed up in the article. The forms of psychiatrists’ co-work with teachers and psychologists are discussed, as well as the possibilities and effectiveness of farmacological intervention. The compliance questions are raised. A special accent on the importance of psychotherapy for families having children with ASD is made.
Speech features in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Mamokhina U.A.
Published: October 2017

The article describes the features of speech development and functioning of people with autism spectrum disorders on the basis of foreign and Russian research in this field. The characteristic features of expressive speech in autism, uniqueness of communicative use and speech perception in connection with the peculiarities of perception of sensory stimuli are considered.
Cognitive process development in primary school age children with different types of ontogenesis
Authors: Maksimenko M.Y. , Shal L.
Published: October 2017

Section 2 of the correction course presents tasks for the development and formation of cognitive universal educational activities in children of primary school age: visual perception, motor sphere, spatial representations and language. Authors offer exercise for the development of the following skills and abilities: reading skills, including global reading skill, memory, thought processes, calculation abilities and counting operations.
Course of correction1. Part 2. Continuation. Вeginning in No 1 (54), 2017
Illusions of inclusion: typical mistakes of parents of ASD children. Inclusive school experience
Authors: Khotyleva T.Y. , Rosenblum S.A.
Published: October 2017

Despite the great motivation for sending children with autism disorders into inclusive educational organiza¬tions, unpreparedness of some parents for real inclusion can interrupt constructive interaction with the school. Meanwhile, effective interaction between the school and parents is one of the main factors of successful inclusive education. Such interaction is provided by the psychological and pedagogical services of the school. Long stand¬ing experience of specialists of inclusive high school № 1540 allowed authors to analyze the erroneous views on inclusive education of parents with ASD children. Typical mistakes of parents are described and the need for informed child’s future planning which includes the development of emotional intelligence is emphasized.
How do I… move out of home?
Authors: Brice K.
Published: October 2017

One of the most important steps in the life of an adult person is moving out of family. This can happen due to a change of place of residence to a supported housing or to accommodation at an educational institution. An experienced professional lists the most important things that should be considered by people with autism spec¬trum disorders who are getting ready to leave their homes.
Translated from English by T.V. Khapkova, N.A. Voskoboynikova
Core Challenges of Autism.Emotionality on spectrum
Authors: Nason B.
Published: October 2017

Bill Nason — an American clinical psychologist, «a humanistic behaviorist» as he calls himself — tells us about the emotional problems of people on the autistic spectrum. The chapter 13 of his Blue book «The Autism Discussion Page» is devoted to specific emotional states of autistic people — shutdowns and meltdowns. While emphasizing that both states occur under the nervous system overload, he points on the importance of calm and predictable routine for people on the spectrum. The author distinguishes tantrums as a form of manipulative behaviour and meltdowns which do not have any manipulation in them. B. Nason describes the early signs of meltdowns and the full picture of them and gives us the means for coping. He pays a specific attention to the calming techniques. Interesting recommendations for both verbal and nonverbal interactions with a child in a meltdown are given.
Translated from English by L.G. Borodina
Herramienta de Evaluación de Tecnologías para la adquisición de equipos biomédicos
Authors: Chavarria Chavarria Tatiana Margarita , Molina Velásquez Tatiana
Published: October 2017

La Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud es una práctica que permite a las Instituciones de Salud valorar de forma integral las consecuencias del uso de una tecnología, sin embargo, la falta de estandarización y de metodologías que guíen el proceso sigue siendo un reto por superar. Este trabajo presenta el desarrollo y la validación de una herramienta de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud la cual se realizó en tres fases: primero se desarrolló la herramienta que permite valorar el proceso de adquisición de equipos biomédicos, después se conformó un grupo de discusión para obtener diferentes percepciones frente a la metodología empleada, el diseño y desarrollo de la herramienta para finalmente implementarla mediante casos de estudio  evaluando su uso real y aplicando una encuesta que permitió valorar su utilidad en los procesos de adquisición de equipos biomédicos. Se ponderó la importancia de cada tipo de evaluación de tecnologías seleccionada y se desarrollaron los módulos para las evaluaciones técnica, clínica, económica y ética, social y organizacional.  Por su parte, la validación con expertos demostró la utilidad de la herramienta en los procesos de selección y adquisición de equipos biomédicos de manera que se disminuyan costos y se realicen mejores inversiones.
Gestión de mantenimiento y producción más limpia en tres instituciones de salud de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Orozco Murillo William , Narváez Benjumea Jose Gonzalo , García Gómez Willton Uber , Quintero Rodas Andrés Felipe
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: Realizar un diagnóstico del estado de la gestión del mantenimiento de equipos biomédicos en el área de urgencias de tres (3) instituciones de nivel tres de complejidad médica de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia, dentro del proyecto de investigación producción más limpia en salud. Metodología: Se diseñó una encuesta a partir de la Guía Sectorial de Producción más Limpia, en hospitales, clínicas y centros de salud, donde se obtuvo una lista de chequeo para la revisión del estado de la gestión de mantenimiento de los equipos biomédicos más complejos utilizados en urgencias. Resultados: La gestión de mantenimiento de los equipos biomédicos más complejos es muy buena en el hospital 1 y excelente en los hospitales 2 y 3; la metrología y gestión de mantenimiento en los equipos biomédicos del área de urgencias de los tres hospitales es excelente. Conclusión: La gestión de mantenimiento es muy importante para el ahorro económico en las instituciones, ya que se pueden reducir tiempos muertos de los equipos sin afectar la prestación de los servicios, aparte de que se reducen gastos en la compra de repuestos, y generación de residuos causantes de impactos negativos al medio ambiente.
The Use of the Health Technology Assessment for Technology Acquisition in Hospitals
Authors: Cano Muñoz Alejandra , Troncoso Escobar Diana Marcela , De Almeida Rosiamry Terezinha , Bonilla Mosquera Nayibe , Usaquén Perilla Sandra Patricia
Published: October 2017

Decision makers at the national and local level of health systems require evidence of effectiveness, safety and costs of health technologies for resource allocation. In this sense Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is a favorable tool considering it is a multidisciplinary process to evaluate the benefits as well as the social, economic, organizational and ethical issues of a health technology. The aim of this study was to review the literature in order to identify the attributes used in the process of technology acquisition. It was analyzed the attributes of HTA with the purpose of classifying them, to see which are the most recommended for acquisition in hospitals. The identified literature indicated that not only the clinical and economic attributes were considered, but also attributes related to the context of the hospital such as the effect of technology on other hospital services and others associated with the organization