bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insect Antimicrobial Peptides, a Mini Review
Authors: Wu Qinghua , Patočka Jiří , Kuča Kamil
Published: November 2018

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are crucial effectors of the innate immune system. They provide the first line of defense against a variety of pathogens. AMPs display synergistic effects with conventional antibiotics, and thus present the potential for combined therapies. Insects are extremely resistant to bacterial infections. Insect AMPs are cationic and comprise less than 100 amino acids. These insect peptides exhibit an antimicrobial effect by disrupting the microbial membrane and do not easily allow microbes to develop drug resistance. Currently, membrane mechanisms underlying the antimicrobial effects of AMPs are proposed by different modes: the barrel-stave mode, toroidal-pore, carpet, and disordered toroidal-pore are the typical modes. Positive charge quantity, hydrophobic property and the secondary structure of the peptide are important for the antibacterial activity of AMPs. At present, several structural families of AMPs from insects are known (defensins, cecropins, drosocins, attacins, diptericins, ponericins, metchnikowins, and melittin), but new AMPs are frequently discovered. We reviewed the biological effects of the major insect AMPs. This review will provide further information that facilitates the study of insect AMPs and shed some light on novel microbicides.
Total and Differential Cross Sections for Higgs and Top-Quark Production
Authors: Kidonakis Nikolaos
Published: November 2018

I present theoretical calculations for Higgs-boson and top-quark production, including high-order soft-gluon corrections. I discuss charged-Higgs production in association with a top quark or a W boson, as well as single-top and top-antitop production. Total cross sections as well as transverse-momentum and rapidity distributions of the top quark or the Higgs boson are presented for various LHC energies.
Effects of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriophage K on Expression of Cytokines and Activation Markers by Human Dendritic Cells In Vitro
Authors: Freyberger Helen , He Yunxiu , Roth Amanda , Nikolich Mikeljon , Filippov Andrey
Published: November 2018

A potential concern with bacteriophage (phage) therapeutics is a host-versus-phage response in which the immune system may neutralize or destroy phage particles and thus impair therapeutic efficacy, or a strong inflammatory response to repeated phage exposure might endanger the patient. Current literature is discrepant with regard to the nature and magnitude of innate and adaptive immune response to phages. The purpose of this work was to study the potential effects of Staphylococcus aureus phage K on the activation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Since phage K acquired from ATCC was isolated around 90 years ago, we first tested its activity against a panel of 36 diverse S. aureus clinical isolates from military patients and found that it was lytic against 30/36 (83%) of strains. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells were used to test for an in vitro phage-specific inflammatory response. Repeated experiments demonstrated that phage K had little impact on the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, or on MHC-I/II and CD80/CD86 protein expression. Given that dendritic cells are potent antigen-presenting cells and messengers between the innate and the adaptive immune systems, our results suggest that phage K does not independently affect cellular immunity or has a very limited impact on it.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Impacts of Pinyon and Juniper Reduction on Hydrologic and Erosion Processes Across Climatic Gradients in the Western US: A Regional Synthesis
Authors: Williams C. Jason , Snyder Keirith A. , Pierson Frederick B.
Published: November 2018

Pinyon (Pinus spp.) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) woodlands are an important vegetation type in the Great Basin, Colorado Plateau, and southwestern desert regions of the western US that is undergoing substantial changes associated with land management, altered disturbance regimes, and climate change. We synthesized literature on the ecohydrologic impacts of pinyon and juniper tree reductions across plot to watershed scales, short- and long-term periods, and regional climatic gradients. We found that the initial plot- to hillslope-scale ecohydrologic and erosion impacts of tree reduction on pinyon and juniper woodlands by fire, mechanical tree removal, or drought depend largely on: (1) the degree to which these perturbations alter vegetation and ground cover structure, (2) initial conditions, and (3) inherent site attributes. Fire commonly imparts an initial increased risk for hillslope runoff and erosion that degrades over time with vegetation and ground cover recovery whereas tree reductions by mechanical means pose fewer initial negative ecohydrologic impacts. Tree reduction by either approach can enhance understory vegetation and improve site-level ecohydrologic function over time, particularly on sites with an initially favorable cover of native herbaceous vegetation and a cool-season precipitation regime. Understory vegetation and ground cover enhancements appear to increase ecohydrologic resilience of some woodland communities to disturbances such as drought, fire, and insect infestations. In contrast, intensive land use, prolonged drought or repeated burning associated with invasions of fire-prone grasses can propagate long-term site degradation through persistent elevated runoff and erosion rates. Our synthesis suggests the annual precipitation requirement for increases in plot- to hillslope-scale soil water availability for herbaceous enhancement through tree removal likely ranges from 200–400 mm for sites in the Great Basin and northern Colorado Plateau (cool-season precipitation regimes), and, although suggested with great uncertainty, likely exceeds 400 mm for woodlands with rain-dominated precipitation regimes in the southwestern US. Overall, literature is inconclusive regarding tree reduction impacts on watershed-scale changes in groundwater and streamflow. To date, there is little evidence that drought-related changes to vegetation in pinyon and juniper woodlands substantially affect watershed-scale water availability and streamflow at the annual time scale. Our synthesis identifies key knowledge gaps to overcome in improving understanding of the ecohydrologic and erosion impacts of broadly occurring pinyon and juniper tree reductions in the western US.
L'utilisation des réserves hydrauliques karstiques : l'exemple de la commune de Penne de Tarn
Authors: Bou Claude
Published: November 2018

La réalisation des captages dans la commune de Penne devait permettre une alternative aux ressources insuffisantes et polluées des aquifères du Lias marno-calcaire, par une exploitation rationnelle des réserves karstiques des causses jurassiques. De fait trois ruisseaux souterrains assurent actuellement une alimentation de bonne qualité, sans restrictions estivales, de la totalité du vaste territoire communal. Les travaux de génie civil, les installations électro-mécaniques, les aménagements faisant suite aux études préliminaires, ont été réalisés par les spéléologues bénévoles de plusieurs clubs du Comité Départemental de Spéléologie regroupés dans l'Association Tarnaise d'Études Karstiques (A.T.E.K.).

Les trois sites ont fait l'objet de méthodes et de techniques différentes de captage. Il s'agit :

-du ruisseau souterrain de Cabéou avec la construction d'un barrage réservoir de 500 m3, mis en service en 1984 sur le Causse de la Garrigue ;

-du ruisseau souterrain d'Amiel, où un puits artificiel traversant 25 m de rocher alimente le village depuis 1985 ;

-et enfin du ruisseau souterrain de la Madeleine, avec une station de pompage munie d'un barrage protecteur, renforçant la ressource de la rive droite de l'Aveyron depuis 1989.
Afatinib in Advanced Pretreated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer—A Canadian Experience
Authors: Ezeife D.A. , Melosky B. , Tudor R. , Lin S. , Lau A. , Panzarella T. , Leighl N.B.
Published: November 2018

Background: Afatinib, an irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR TKI), is approved for first-line therapy in advanced EGFR mutation–positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has previously demonstrated activity after failure of chemotherapy and reversible EGFR TKI, with improved response and progression-free survival, compared with placebo. Outcomes in pretreated patients with advanced NSCLC receiving afatinib through a Canadian special access program (sap) are reported here. Methods: Patients with NSCLC progressing after at least 1 line of chemotherapy and an EGFR TKI were eligible to enrol in the sap. Characteristics of patients from the two largest accruing Canadian centres were retrospectively reviewed, including demographics, disease and treatment data, and patient outcomes. Results: The 53 patients who received afatinib (57% women, 51% never-smokers, 26% of East Asian ethnicity, and 66% with adenocarcinoma) had a median age of 59 years. EGFR mutations were documented in 25%, and EGFR wildtype in 8%. All patients had received prior EGFR TKI treatment, with 42% achieving a response. Patients took afatinib for a median of 2 months (range: 0–26 months); 17% required 1 or more dose reductions. Of 47 evaluable patients receiving afatinib, 10 experienced tumour shrinkage, and 11, stable disease. Median survival from afatinib initiation was 5 months (95% confidence interval: 2 months to 8 months). Grade 3 or greater diarrhea, rash, paronychia, and stomatitis were seen in 9%, 11%, 6%, and 4% of patients respectively. Conclusions: In an unselected population of pretreated patients with advanced NSCLC after TKI failure, median survival with afatinib therapy was 5 months. Through a sap, afatinib demonstrated activity in clinical practice, with manageable toxicity.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Testing in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome in Clinical Practice—Frequency and Indications
Authors: Wong S.A. , Dalal B.I. , Leitch H.A.
Published: November 2018

Background: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias, with most patients developing significant anemia and dependence on red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. In paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), mutations in the PIGA gene lead to lack of cell-surface glycosylphosphatidylinositol, allowing complement-mediated lysis to occur. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria results in direct antiglobulin test–negative hemolysis and cytopenias, and up to 50% of patients with MDS test positive for PNH cells. We wanted to determine whether PNH is considered to be a contributor to anemia in MDS. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of MDS confirmed by bone-marrow biopsy since 2009 were reviewed. Highresolution PNH testing by flow cytometry examined FLAER (fluorescein-labeled proaerolysin) binding and expression of CD14, CD15, CD24, CD45, CD59, CD64, and CD235 on neutrophils, monocytes, and RBCS. Results: In 152 patients with MDS diagnosed in 2009 or later, the MDS diagnosis included subtypes associated with PNH positivity (refractory anemia, n = 7, and hypoplastic MDS, n = 4). Of 11 patients who underwent PNH testing, 1 was positive (9.0%). Reasons for PNH testing were anemia (n = 3), new MDS diagnosis (n = 2), hypoplastic MDS (n = 2), decreased haptoglobin (n = 1), increased RBC transfusion requirement (n = 1), and unexplained iron deficiency (n = 1). Conclusions: Testing for PNH was infrequent in MDS patients, and the criteria for testing were heterogeneous. Clinical indicators prompted PNH testing in 6 of 11 patients. Given that effective treatment is now available for PNH and that patients with PNH-positive MDS can respond to immunosuppressive therapy, PNH testing in MDS should be considered. Prospective analyses to clarify the clinical significance of PNH positivity in MDS are warranted.
Predictors of Immunotherapy-Induced Immune-Related Adverse Events
Authors: Kartolo A. , Sattar J. , Sahai V. , Baetz T. , Lakoff Joshua Matthew
Published: November 2018

Purpose: We aimed to elucidate predictive factors for the development of immune-related adverse events (iraes) in patients receiving immunotherapies for the management of advanced solid cancers. Methods: This retrospective study involved all patients with histologically confirmed metastatic or inoperable melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, or renal cell carcinoma receiving immunotherapy at the Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario. The type and severity of iraes, as well as potential protective and exacerbating factors, were collected from patient charts. Results: The study included 78 patients receiving ipilimumab (32%), nivolumab (33%), or pembrolizumab (35%). Melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma accounted for 70%, 22%, and 8% of the cancers in the study population. In 41 patients (53%) iraes developed, with multiple iraes developing in 12 patients (15%). In most patients (70%), the iraes were of severity grade 1 or 2. Female sex [adjusted odds ratio (oradj): 0.094; 95% confidence interval (ci): 0.021 to 0.415; p = 0.002] and corticosteroid use before immunotherapy (oradj: 0.143; 95% ci: 0.036 to 0.562; p = 0.005) were found to be associated with a protective effect against iraes. In contrast, a history of autoimmune disease (oradj: 9.55; 95% ci: 1.34 to 68.22; p = 0.025), use of ctla-4 inhibitors (oradj: 6.25; 95% ci: 1.61 to 24.25; p = 0.008), and poor kidney function of grade 3 or greater (oradj: 10.66; 95% ci: 2.41 to 47.12; p = 0.025) were associated with a higher risk of developing iraes. A Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test demonstrated that the logistic regression model was effective at predicting the development of iraes (chi-square: 1.596; df = 7; p = 0.979). Conclusions: Our study highlights several factors that affect the development of iraes in patients receiving immunotherapy. Although future studies are needed to validate the resulting model, findings from the study can help to guide risk stratification, monitoring, and management of iraes in patients given immunotherapy for advanced cancer.
Canadian Evidence-Based Guideline for the First-Line Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Owen C. , Gerrie A. S. , Banerji V. , Assouline S. , Chen C. , Robinson K. S. , Lye E. , Fraser G.
Published: November 2018

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) is the most common adult leukemia in North America. In Canada, no unified national guideline exists for the front-line treatment of cll; provincial guidelines vary and are largely based on funding. A group of clinical experts from across Canada developed a national evidence-based treatment guideline to provide health care professionals with clear guidance on the first-line management of cll. Consensus recommendations based on available evidence are presented for the first-line treatment of cll.
Medical Assistance in Dying for Cancer Patients One Year After Legalization: A Collaborative Approach at a Comprehensive Cancer Centre
Authors: Wu J.S.Y. , Pinilla J. , Watson M. , Verma S. , Olivotto I.A.
Published: November 2018

Medical assistance in dying (MAID) is a new medical service in Canada. Access to maid for patients with advanced cancer can be daunting during periods of declining health near the end of life. In this report, we describe a collaborative approach between the centralized coordination service and a regional cancer centre as an effective strategy for enabling interdisciplinary care delivery and enhancing patient-centred care at the end of the patient’s cancer journey.
Neoadjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer: Updates and Proceedings From the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Canadian Consortium for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Arnaout A. , Lee J. , Gelmon K. , Poirier B. , Lu F.I. , Akra M. , Boileau J.F. , Tonkin K. , Li H. , Illman C. , Simmons C. , Grenier D.
Published: November 2018

Therapy for breast cancer involves a complex interplay of three main treatment modalities: surgery, systemic therapy, and radiation therapy. The Canadian Consortium for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (LABC) was established with the goal to convene a strong multidisciplinary team of breast oncology clinicians and scientists who are dedicated to the advancement of LABC research and treatment, with a vision to drive progress through increased collaboration across disciplines and throughout Canada. The most recent meeting in May 2017 highlighted the latest evidence and literature about the optimal use of neoadjuvant systemic therapy in breast cancer. There is a need for increased clinical and scientific collaboration and the development of guidelines for the use of emerging treatment strategies. The interactive meeting sessions fostered unique opportunities for academic debate and nurtured collaboration between the attendees.
Discrepancies Between Canadian Cancer Research Funding and Site-Specific Cancer Burden: A Spotlight on Ten Disease Sites
Authors: Coronado A.C. , Finley C. , Badovinac K. , Han J. , Niu J. , Rahal R.
Published: November 2018

Background: Cancer research is essential in evaluating the safety and effectiveness of emerging cancer treatments, which in turn can lead to ground-breaking advancements in cancer care. Given limited research funding, allocating resources in alignment with societal burden is essential. However, evidence shows that such alignment does not typically occur. The objective of the present study was to provide an updated overview of site-specific cancer research investment in Canada and to explore potential discrepancies between the site-specific burden and the level of research investment. Methods: The 10 cancer sites with the highest mortality in 2015—which included brain, female breast, colorectal, leukemia, lung, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, ovary, pancreas, prostate, and uterus—were selected for the analysis. Information about site-specific research investment and cancer burden (raw incidence and mortality) was obtained from the Canadian Cancer Research Survey and Statistics Canada’s cansim (the Canadian Socio-Economic Information Management System) respectively. The ratio of site-specific research investment to site-specific burden was used as an indicator of overfunding (ratio > 1) or underfunding (ratio < 1). Results: The 3 cancer sites with the highest research investments were leukemia, prostate, and breast, which together represented 51.3% of 2015 cancer research funding. Conversely, the 3 cancer sites with the lowest investments were uterus, pancreas, and ovary, which together represented 7.8% of 2015 research funding. Relative to site-specific cancer burden, the lung, uterus, and colorectal sites were consistently the most underfunded. Conclusions: Observed discrepancies between cancer burden and research investment indicate that some cancer sites (such as lung, colorectal, and uterus) seem to be underfunded when site-specific incidence and mortality are taken into consideration.
Pharmacokinetics of 300 mg/d Intraperitoneal Daptomycin: New Insight from the DaptoDP Study
Authors: Paul Laure Peyro Saint , Ficheux Maxence , Debruyne Danièle , Loilier Magalie , Bouvier Nicolas , Morello Rémy , Verdon Renaud , Le Blanc Elsa , Cattoir Vincent , Lobbedez Thierry
Published: November 2018

The DaptoDP (NCT 2012-005699-33) study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of daptomycin (DAP) in peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis (PDRP) patients following intraperitoneal (IP) administration. The authors have already reported the findings on the 200-mg dosing and present here the follow-up results of the 300-mg dosing. The primary endpoint was a dialysate concentration of DAP above the effective concentration in situ during 6 hours of dwell time i.e., 16 mg/L. Secondary endpoints were to avoid the toxic threshold of 120 mg/L DAP and to be above 16 mg/L DAP for 2 hours in plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated on days 1 and 5. Safety data were evaluated on days 1 to 14 based on clinical and biological parameters. Daptomycin was administered in Nutrineal during 6 hours of dwell time for 14 days plus the usual antibiotic therapy in a separate dwell. Because the 200-mg dosing objectives were not reached, a higher DAP dose of 300 mg was tested in the next 3 patients. Effective dialysate and plasma concentrations were achieved at the 300-mg DAP dose with the plasma concentration well below the toxic threshold, even at steady state, during which the accumulation factor never exceeded 3. The optimal DAP dose of 300 mg daily by the IP route, as determined by the pharmacokinetic data, needs to be clinically confirmed prior to routine use. The peritoneal bioavailability of DAP supports using the IP route as an alternative to the intravenous route for peritonitis and systemic infections.
Exit-Site Infection: A Comparison of Classification Systems
Authors: Sangeetha B. , Deepa N. , Hemalatha M. , Latha C.M. , Ram R. , Kumar V. Siva
Published: November 2018

In general, in peritoneal dialysis (PD) practice in hospitals, Twardowski and Prowant's exit-site classification system is used, while the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD) exit-site scoring system is practical to use in community visits with less experienced healthcare personnel. Nevertheless, when exit-site scoring is 3 points under the ISPD exit-site score system and it falls in the category of equivocal under the Twardowski and Prowant's exit-site classification, the physician should be vigilant about the possibility of developing peritonitis, and hence, patients need to be kept under periodic monitoring.
Hemoperitoneum in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient: Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Kohn Orly F. , Culbertson Sandra , Becker Yolanda T.
Published: November 2018

Hemoperitoneum is a well-recognized complication in female peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients of childbearing age. Bloody effluent is commonly of minor nature, presenting during menstruation or midcycle, resolving after a few rapid exchanges without a need for further intervention. One must remain vigilant, however, and consider a broader differential diagnosis when hemoperitoneum is persistent or severe, as it indicates a serious and potentially life-threatening etiology. We report 2 episodes of hemoperitoneum in a PD patient occurring more than 1.5 years apart, with different underlying etiologies. The more dramatic second episode was due to a ruptured ectopic pregnancy, a condition which had not been reported as a cause of hemoperitoneum in dialysis patients to date and requires a high index of suspicion and prompt surgical intervention.
Graphene-enhanced metal oxide gas sensors at room temperature: a review
Authors: Sun Dongjin , Luo Yifan , Debliquy Marc , Zhang Chao
Published: November 2018

Owing to the excellent sensitivity to gases, metal-oxide semiconductors (MOS) are widely used as materials for gas sensing. Usually, MOS gas sensors have some common shortages, such as relatively poor selectivity and high operating temperature. Graphene has drawn much attention as a gas sensing material in recent years because it can even work at room temperature, which reduces power consumption. However, the low sensitivity and long recovery time of the graphene-based sensors limit its further development. The combination of metal-oxide semiconductors and graphene may significantly improve the sensing performance, especially the selectivity and response/recovery rate at room temperature. In this review, we have summarized the latest progress of graphene/metal-oxide gas sensors for the detection of NO2, NH3, CO and some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at room temperature. Meanwhile, the sensing performance and sensing mechanism of the sensors are discussed. The improved experimental schemes are raised and the critical research directions of graphene/metal-oxide sensors in the future are proposed.
Measuring the Recoverability of Close Binaries in Gaia DR2 with the Robo-AO Kepler Survey
Authors: Ziegler Carl , Law Nicholas M. , Baranec Christoph , Morton Tim , Riddle Reed , De Lee Nathan , Huber Daniel , Mahadevan Suvrath , Pepper Joshua
Published: November 2018

We use the Robo-AO survey of Kepler planetary candidate host stars, the largest adaptive optics survey yet performed, to measure the recovery rate of close stellar binaries in Gaia DR2. We find that Gaia recovers binaries down to 1″ at magnitude contrasts as large as six; closer systems are not resolved, regardless of secondary brightness. Gaia DR2 binary detection does not have a strong dependence on the orientation of the stellar pairs. We find 177 nearby stars to Kepler planetary candidate host stars in Gaia DR2 that were not detected in the Robo-AO survey, almost all of which are faint (G > 20); the remainder were largely targets observed by Robo-AO in poor conditions. If the primary star is the host, the impact on the radii estimates of planet candidates in these systems is likely minimal; many of these faint stars, however, could be faint eclipsing binaries that are the source of a false positive planetary transit signal. With Robo-AO and Gaia combined, we find that 18.7 ± 0.7% of Kepler planet candidate hosts have nearby stars within 4″. We also find 36 nearby stars in Gaia DR2 around 35 planetary candidate host stars detected with K2. The nearby star fraction rate for K2 planetary candidates is significantly lower than that for the primary Kepler mission. The binary recovery rate of Gaia will improve initial radius estimates of future Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite planet candidates significantly; however, ground-based high-resolution follow-up observations are still needed for precise characterization and confirmation. The sensitivity of Gaia to closely separated binaries is expected to improve in later data releases.
Comet C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden): Evidence for Depleted Organic Volatiles and Compositional Heterogeneity as Revealed through Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: DiSanti Michael A. , Bonev Boncho P. , Gibb Erika L. , Roth Nathan X. , Russo Neil Dello , Vervack, Jr. Ronald J.
Published: November 2018

We obtained high-resolution (λ/Δλ ∼ 25,000) pre-perihelion spectra of Comet C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden) using NIRSPEC at Keck II on UT 2014 September 5–6, and CSHELL at the NASA-Infrared Telescope Facility on September 11–13, altogether spanning a range in heliocentric distance R
h = 0.789–0.698 au. We report water production rates, and production rates and abundance ratios relative to co-measured H2O for eight trace molecules: CO, H2CO, CH3OH, CH4, C2H2, C2H6, HCN, and NH3. Our measured water production rates from NIRSPEC and CSHELL observations remained relatively constant and were close to those from SOHO/Solar Wind ANisotropies observations that encompassed our dates, suggesting H2O production dominated by release directly from or within approximately 2000 km of the nucleus. All trace volatiles were depleted relative to their respective median abundances among comets, excepting NH3, which was consistent with its median abundance. Most surprising were pronounced increases in abundance ratios for CH3OH (by 51% relative to simultaneously measured H2O) and especially C2H6 (by 87%) between September 5 and 6. On September 5, C2H6 was severely depleted, consistent with its lowest abundance yet measured for any comet. It also tracked the spatial profile of H2O, suggesting C2H6 was associated with a polar ice phase dominating gas production. On September 6, C2H6 was only moderately depleted and was spatially distinct from H2O, suggesting both polar- and nonpolar-dominated ice phases contributed to the activity then. Our results are consistent with a nonhomogeneous volatile composition for C/2013 V5, implying differential processing of its constituent ices.
Simulating the M–R Relation from APF Follow-up of TESS Targets: Survey Design and Strategies for Overcoming Mass Biases
Authors: Burt Jennifer , Holden Brad , Wolfgang Angie , Bouma L. G.
Published: November 2018

We present simulations of multi-year radial velocity (RV) follow-up campaigns of the TESS exoplanet yield on the Automated Planet Finder telescope, using four different schemes to sample the transiting planets’ RV phase curves. For planets below roughly 10 M
⊕, we see a systematic bias of measured masses that are higher than the true planet mass, regardless of the observing scheme used. This produces a statistically significant difference in the mass–radius relation we recover, where planet masses are predicted to be too high and too similar across the entire super-Earth to Neptune radius range. This bias is due in part to only reporting masses that are measured with high statistical significance. Incorporating all mass measurements, even those that are essentially only upper limits, significantly mitigates this bias. We also find statistically significant differences between the mean number of planets measured at the 1-, 3-, and 5σ
K level by the different prioritization schemes. Our results show that prioritization schemes which more evenly sample the RV phase curves produce a larger number of significant mass detections. The scheme that aims to most uniformly sample the phase curve performs best, followed closely by the scheme that randomly samples, and then an in-quadrature sampling approach. The fourth scheme, out of quadrature, performs noticeably worse. These results have important implications for determining accurate planet compositions and for designing effective RV follow-up campaigns in the era of large planet detection surveys such as K2, TESS, and PLATO.
Statistical Trends in the Obliquity Distribution of Exoplanet Systems
Authors: Muñoz Diego J. , Perets Hagai B.
Published: November 2018

Important clues to the formation and evolution of planetary systems can be inferred from the stellar obliquity ψ. We study the distribution of obliquities using the California-Kepler Survey and the TEPCat Catalog of Rossiter–McLaughlin (RM) measurements, from which we extract, respectively, 275 and 118 targets. We infer a “best fit” obliquity distribution in ψ with a single parameter κ. Large values of κ imply that ψ is distributed narrowly around zero, while small values imply approximate isotropy. Our findings are as follows. (1) The distribution of ψ in Kepler systems is narrower than found by previous studies and consistent with κ ∼ 15 (mean

and spread ψ ∼ 10°). (2) The value of κ in Kepler systems does not depend, at a statistically significant level, on planet multiplicity, stellar multiplicity, or stellar age; on the other hand, metal-rich hosts, small-planet hosts, and long-period planet hosts tend to be more oblique than the general sample (at a ∼2.5σ significance level). (3) The obliquities of Hot Jupiter (HJ) systems with RM measurements are consistent with κ ∼ 2, which corresponds to a broader distribution than for the general Kepler population. (4) A separation of the RM sample into cooler (T
eff ≲ 6250 K) and hotter (T
eff ≳ 6250 K) HJ hosts results in two distinct distributions, κ
cooler ∼ 4 and κ
hotter ∼ 1 (4σ significance), both more oblique than the Kepler sample. We hypothesize that the total mass in planets may be behind the increasing obliquity with metallicity and planet radius, and that the dependence on period could be due to primordial disk alignment rather than tidal realignment of stellar spin.
Efficient Spectroscopy of Exoplanets at Small Angular Separations with Vortex Fiber Nulling
Authors: Ruane Garreth , Wang Ji , Mawet Dimitri , Jovanovic Nemanja , Delorme Jacques-Robert , Mennesson Bertrand , Wallace J. Kent
Published: November 2018

Instrumentation designed to characterize potentially habitable planets may combine adaptive optics and high-resolution spectroscopy techniques to achieve the highest possible sensitivity to spectral signs of life. Detecting the weak signal from a planet containing biomarkers will require exquisite control of the optical wavefront to maximize the planet signal and significantly reduce unwanted starlight. We present an optical technique, known as vortex fiber nulling (VFN), that allows polychromatic light from faint planets at extremely small separations from their host stars (≲λ/D) to be efficiently routed to a diffraction-limited spectrograph via a single-mode optical fiber, while light from the star is prevented from entering the spectrograph. VFN takes advantage of the spatial selectivity of a single-mode fiber to isolate the light from close-in companions in a small field of view around the star. We provide theoretical performance predictions of a conceptual design and show that VFN may be utilized to characterize planets detected by radial velocity (RV) instruments in the infrared without knowledge of the azimuthal orientation of their orbits. Using a spectral template-matching technique, we calculate an integration time of ∼400, ∼100, and ∼30 hr for Ross 128 b with Keck, the Thirty Meter Telescope, and the Large Ultraviolet/Optical/Infrared Surveyor, respectively.
Outflow and Emission Model of Pulsar Wind Nebulae with the Back Reaction of Particle Diffusion
Authors: Ishizaki Wataru , Asano Katsuaki , Kawaguchi Kyohei
Published: November 2018

We present a new pulsar wind nebula (PWN) model that solves both advection and diffusion of nonthermal particles in a self-consistent way to satisfy the momentum and energy conservation laws. Assuming spherically symmetric (1D) steady outflow, we calculate the emission spectrum integrating over the entire nebula and the radial profile of the surface brightness. We find that the back reaction of the particle diffusion modifies the flow profile. The photon spectrum and the surface brightness profile are different from the model calculations without the back reaction of the particle diffusion. Our model is applied to the two well-studied PWNe, 3C 58 and G21.5-0.9. By fitting the spectra of these PWNe, we determine the parameter sets and calculate the radial profiles of X-ray surface brightness. For both the objects, obtained profiles of X-ray surface brightness and the photon index are well consistent with observations. Our model suggests that particles that have escaped from the nebula significantly contribute to the γ-ray flux. A γ-ray halo larger than the radio nebula is predicted in our model.
Interstellar Matters: Neutral Hydrogen and the Galactic Magnetic Field
Authors: Verschuur G. L. , Schmelz J. T. , Asgari-Targhi M.
Published: November 2018

A very long and nearly straight H i filament at about −60 km s−1 in the southern Galactic hemisphere, seen nearly normal to the line of sight and well separated from low-velocity gas, has been studied in several ways in order to understand its physics, structure, and morphology. Gaussian analysis of 1800 profiles and examination of 140 declination–velocity cross sections shows that an underlying H i component, which is at least 15° long and about 1° wide, has a typical line width of 21 km s−1. It does not appear to be in thermal pressure equilibrium with its surroundings; rather, it may be confined by a magnetic field of 18 μG. Narrow, elongated features (threads), probably unresolved in the 4′ H i observations, have been identified within the boundaries of the filament. In general, each of these threads has two emission components, with line widths of the order of 8 and 3 km s−1, which may wind around each other. Analysis suggests that these cooler components have an average density of 29 cm−3 and may be confined by a magnetic field of 5 μG. These results, taken together, can be explained if this southern filament has magnetic substructure.
Infrared Spectra and Interstellar Sulfur: New Laboratory Results for H2S and Four Malodorous Thiol Ices
Authors: Hudson Reggie L. , Gerakines Perry A.
Published: November 2018

New infrared spectra are presented for H2S and four other sulfur-containing compounds, all thiols, at 10–140 K to aid in the study of interstellar and solar system ices. Infrared spectral changes on warming H2S and each thiol are described with an emphasis on the S–H stretching vibration at 2550–2525 cm−1 (λ = 3.92–3.96 μm) as it is in a relatively unobscured part of the infrared spectra of interstellar and planetary ices. Infrared positions and band strengths for each thiol’s S–H and C–H stretching vibrations are reported, along with the S–H band strength of H2S. Two band strengths of near-infrared features of CH3SH are included. Results for these compounds are compared, and some areas of agreement and disagreement with the literature are described.
High-density Off-limb Flare Loops Observed by SDO
Authors: Jejčič S. , Kleint L. , Heinzel P.
Published: November 2018

The density distribution of flare loops and the mechanisms of their emission in the continuum are still open questions. On 2017 September 10, a prominent loop system appeared during the gradual phase of an X8.2 flare (SOL2017-09-10), visible in all passbands of SDO/AIA and in the white-light continuum of SDO/HMI. We investigate its electron density by taking into account all radiation processes in the flare loops, i.e., the Thomson continuum, hydrogen Paschen and Brackett recombination continua, as well as free–free continuum emission. We derive a quadratic function of the electron density for a given temperature and effective loop thickness. By absolutely calibrating SDO/HMI intensities, we convert the measured intensities into electron density at each pixel in the loops. For a grid of plausible temperatures between cool (6000 K) and hot (106 K) structures, the electron density is computed for representative effective thicknesses between 200 and 20,000 km. We obtain a relatively high maximum electron density, about 1013 cm−3. At such high electron densities, the Thomson continuum is negligible and therefore one would not expect a significant polarization degree in dense loops. We conclude that the Paschen and Brackett recombination continua are dominant in cool flare loops, while the free–free continuum emission is dominant for warmer and hot loops.
A new species of Pharmacis Hübner, 1820 from Spain with a brief review of the genera Pharmacis and Korscheltellus Börner, 1920 (Lepidoptera, Hepialidae)
Authors: Kallies Axel , Farino Teresa
Published: November 2018

We here describe a new ghost moth (Hepialidae) species,Pharmaciscantabricussp. n.from the Picos de Europa National Park, Cantabria, in northern Spain. The new species belongs to a group of mostly day-flying species that are restricted to the European Alps and some mountain ranges of southern Europe. Based on morphology and analysis of mitochondrial COI gene sequences, the new species is closely related toPharmacisaemilianus(Constantini, 1911), an endemic of the Italian Apennines. However,Pharmaciscantabricussp. n.can easily be distinguished from all related species based on both external and genitalic characters. We briefly review and illustrate all species of the genusPharmacisHübner, 1820 and discuss its relationship with the related genusKorscheltellusBörner, 1920. We reinstateHepialuscastillanusOberthür, 1883 as a distinct species and transfer it toKorscheltellus(stat. rev.,comb. n.).
Stratégies collectives de défense contre la souffrance au travail et famille : origine, pérennisation du genre et émancipation
Authors: Debout Frédérique
Published: November 2018

Le genre se définit comme un rapport social de domination entre les sexes historiquement et socialement situé et au centre duquel se pose comme enjeu la question du travail. Cette question concerne dans une actualité médiatique et politique vive les cliniciens de la vie psychique et du travail comme les chercheurs, les entreprises et les institutions, les politiques. Si ce rapport de domination est remis en cause depuis déjà plusieurs décennies, il ne disparaît pas. L’argumentation de cet article, fondée à la fois sur la psychodynamique du travail et la psychanalyse laplanchienne propose des hypothèses permettant de penser la pérennisation des rapports sociaux, leur transmission dans la famille ainsi que la manière dont ils participent de la construction subjective des enfants.
« Les burnout » de l’individuel au contextuel
Authors: Neuburger Robert
Published: November 2018

Toute société demande à ses membres de rester sains, mais s’ils doivent aller mal, ils doivent l’exprimer sur un mode normalisé. Les conventions récentes étaient d’exprimer son mal-être et ses souffrances psychiques en se plaçant essentiellement dans le cadre de la « dépression ». Un nouveau cadre se profile et s’affirme : se déclarer en « burnout ». Ce terme qui couvrait au départ les états d’épuisement professionnels dans les professions d’aide s’est étendu y compris dans des situations non professionnelles puisque l’on parle aujourd’hui de burnout parental, maternel... Mais cette extension du terme recouvre des situations variées. Y a-t-il un facteur commun ? Y a-t-il plusieurs “burnout” ? Comment prendre en charge ces situations sans pathologiser ni banaliser ?
Clinique du burn out et perspective écosystémique
Authors: Nils Frédéric , Neirynck Isabelle
Published: November 2018

Après une lecture critique de la littérature empirique sur le concept de burnout, les auteurs abordent les réalités de leur travail clinique avec les personnes en situation d’épuisement professionnel venant les consulter dans un cadre ambulatoire de consultation privée. La revue de la littérature révèle la prégnance des approches déterministes, causalistes linéaires et cloisonnées du syndrome de l’épuisement professionnel. À partir de leur travail clinique, mettant en évidence la grande diversité des situations regroupées sous le seul vocable de burnout et l’observation de la spécificité, du caractère idiosyncrasique des différents processus thérapeutiques, une relecture du syndrome est proposée, basée sur le modèle écosystémique de Bronfenbrenner (2009). Ce cadre élargi, en ses qualités de mise en perspective à la fois structurale et interrelationnelle des multiples systèmes impliqués dans toute situation de vie, ouvre un champ de potentialités particulièrement porteur pour la co-construction du travail thérapeutique et des réappropriations par les personnes de leur devenir développemental.
« Just do it ». Accompagner la souffrance des soignants : entre complexité et logique de rendement
Authors: Petiau Annick
Published: November 2018

À partir de son expérience de psychologue clinicienne dans une structure hospitalière universitaire, l’auteure propose une réflexion sur les conséquences de la demande de rendement, sociétale et institutionnelle, dans la prise en charge de la souffrance des soignants et des équipes soignantes.
Addiction Psychiatry Fellowship: Meeting a Critical Need
Authors: Wakhlu Sidarth , dela Cruz Adriane M.
Published: November 2018

Addiction is a major public health problem that the United States is currently confronting. Yet, the need for trained addiction psychiatrists is not being met. A majority of patients struggling with addictive disorders do not have access to trained addiction specialists. We need to produce addiction psychiatrists who can lead and teach the next generation of psychiatrists about addiction.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2018;48(11):504–508.]
The Effect of Peers’ and Teacher’s E-Feedback on Writing Anxiety Level Through CMC Applications
Authors: Abdullah Mohamad Yahya , Hussin Supyan , Shakir Mohanaad
Published: November 2018

Abstract—Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) promotes learners to be more confident and self-directed in addition to enhancing their knowledge and general information throughout the peers’ and teacher’s electronic feedback (E-feedback). This study was carried out with 28 Master EFL/ESL students who registered in the elective course of Computer Application in ESOL. To examine the influence of peers’ and teacher’s electronic feedback on ESL writing anxiety level as well as their writing performance, Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI) and semi-structured Interviews were employed. The major finding from the Paired T-Test which were performed on the pre-post of (SLWAI) revealed that a significant difference between them (p<.009) that reflected respondents’ tendency to decrease their writing anxiety level after using peers’ and teacher’s e-feedback. Moreover, data collected from the interviews reported that the respondents perceived the e-feedback from peers and teacher as an important way to improve their writing performance.
A Variable Precision Rough Set Model for Knowledge-assisted Management in Distance Education
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: November 2018

To enable the teaching administrator to better obtain effective knowledge from a large amount of information to assist management and improve the efficiency and level of teaching management, a variable precision rough set model for knowledge assisted management of distance education was proposed. First, based on the theory of complete reduction and knowledge extraction, the proposed pedigree ambiguity tree was used as a strategy for obtaining complete reduction. An algorithm for obtaining a complete set of reductions was given. Then, by studying the process of knowledge extraction, a multi-knowledge extraction framework was put forward. The process of data conversion was completely realized. Finally, experimental verification was performed. The results showed that the proposed model overcame the effect of noise data in real data and improved the efficiency of the algorithm. Therefore, the model has high universality.
Design of an Intelligent Support System for English Writing Based on Rule Matching and Probability Statistics
Authors: Wang Sa , Xu Hui
Published: November 2018

In view of the lack of intelligent guidance in online teaching of English composition, this paper proposes an intelligent support system for English writing based on B/S mode. On the basis of vocabulary, grammar rules and other corpus, this system uses Natural Language Processing technology, which combines rule matching and probability statistics, to evaluate and optimize the efficiency of the composition. The empirical results show that the system can effectively improve the teaching direction according to the results of intelligent quantitative analysis.
Study of the Performance Characteristics of Erbium-Containing Laser Glasses
Authors: Bragina Liudmyla , Petrov Dmitry , Kovalenko Nazar , Philonenko Sergiy
Published: November 2018

The present state of laser glasses production for optoelectronic systems and devices is considered. The limitations of existing laser glasses and the necessity to create new ones have been viewed. The urgency of the development and introduction of new types of laser glass for its use in both civilian and defense equipment sectors is shown. The technological complexity of the phosphate erbium glasses production is substantiated. The purpose of the work is to create laser glasses and make a laser element, will be operating wavelength of 1.54 μm. Optimum concentration of rare earth oxides in laser glasses has been determined. The quality control methodology and technology of laser glasses were developed. The production of a new laser glass makes it possible to use it in modern optoelectronic systems. The laser elements were fabricated and their generation characteristics were investigated. The results of the laser elements industrial testing are presented.
Evaluation of the Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Ion-Plasma Antifriction Coatings Based on Ti-Cu
Authors: Urbahs Alexander , Savkovs Konstantins , Urbaha Margarita , Andrejeva Darja
Published: November 2018

A modern method of processing steel parts by ion-plasma sputtering in vacuum is proposed as a solution to the problem of friction and wear. An ion-plasma coating based on Ti-Cu has been developed. Such parameters as microhardness, roughness, friction coefficient of the intermetallic, conglomerate and nitride coatings have been studied