bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Chronic Stable Angina
Authors: Datta Ratan Kumar , Rashid Md Mamunur , Azam MG , Ulubbi Md Salahuddin , Siddiqui Mohammad Khalilur Rahman , Karmaker Pranob , Ahsan Morshedul , Saha Jatindra Nath , Hossain Muhammad Azmol , Md Jafar Abul Hasnat
Published: April 2018

Background: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed as a new prognostic marker in patients with chronic stable angina (CSA). NLR is a cheap, easily available, non-invasive and routinely done procedure to predict the severity of coronary artery disease.Methods: 110 patients with stable coronary artery disease were evaluated to calculate the NLR from January, 2016 to September, 2016. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I NLR>2.38 and group II NLRd”2.38. Coronary angiogram was done during index hospitalization. The severity of the coronary artery disease was assessed by vessel score and Gensini score and was compared between the groups.Results: NLR was significantly higher in the group of high vessel score and high Gensini score. We found significant weak association between NLR and vessel score (r=0.30, p=0.004) and a moderate positive correlation between NLR and Gensini score (r =0.65, P=0.001). With the increase of NLR, vessel score and Gensini score increases demonstrating more severe coronary artery disease. Univariate logistic regression analysis of variables of interest revealed that age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, serum creatinine, total WBC count and NLR were independent predictor of severe coronary artery disease with odds ratio (OR) being 1.88, 3.93, 5.01, 5.54, 4.05 and 5.70 respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjustment of factors NLR remain independent predictors of severe CSA (OR = 5.73; p = 0.002).Conclusion: Increased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is associated with angiographically severe coronary artery disease in chronic stable angina and this association is independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors.Cardiovasc. j. 2018; 10(2): 164-170
Atrial fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery with and without Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Karim Md Rezaul , Ahmed Tawfiq , Moinuddin Shahriar , Chowdhury Tariq Ahmed , Khan Moshfequre Rahman
Published: April 2018

Background:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common postoperative supraventricular arrhythmi. 20% to 40% of patients have AF after coronary artery bypass operation (CABG).Arrhythmia of all grades may occur due to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and injuries inflicted during operativeprocedures. Thus it has been proposed that CABG surgery would be safer if CPB could be avoided.Methods:Total 60 patients who underwentCABG were selected for the study and divided in two groups. Group A: 30 patients with Off-pump CABG (OPCAB) and Group B: 30 patients with On-pump CABG. 12 lead ECG was done at morning on the day of surgery, after surgery & when any arrhythmia are noted for at least 7days. Morbidity of patients like arrhythmia and hospital mortality were recorded and compared during the first week after surgery.Results:Off-pump group (group- A) had less incidence of post-operative AF than on-pump group(group-B) (10% vs 40%). Postoperative blood requirement,total operative time, the period of mechanical ventilation,ICU stay and total postoperative hospital stayis significantly shorter in off-pump than in on-pump group of patients.Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrates that off pump CABG procedure is associated with less incidence of AF. Therefore OPCAB procedure for myocardial revascularization is clearly justified whenever feasible.Cardiovasc. j. 2018; 10(2): 171-179
Risk Factors and Morphological Differences of Ruptured Saccular Aneurysm in Different Sites of Anterior Circulation in Patients Presenting with Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Authors: Mahmud Reaz , Habib Mansur , Khan Sharif Uddin , Khan Asma
Published: April 2018

Background: All sites of intracranial aneurysms have always been considered together in most of the studies of risk factors of aneurysm rupture. Therefore, it is not known whether some risk factors predispose to aneurysm rupture at a particular location. Morphologies also vary in accordance to different sites of the aneurysm.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to observe the differences in the risk factors, the size, aspect ratio and size ratio among the anterior circulation aneurysms.Methodology: This hospital based cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Neurology at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka during July 2013 to June 2015 for a period of two (02) years. Patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by ruptured anterior circulation saccular aneurysms admitted in the Departments of Neurology, Internal Medicine and Neurosurgery Departments at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka and the Department of Neurointervention at National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka were enrolled in this study. Patients’ ≥18 years of age with subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by anterior circulation aneurysm which was confirmed by computed tomogram (CT-scan) and/or CSF study and digital subtraction angiography were included in this study. The risk factors were identified by interviewing the patients and the morphology were measured from the digital subtraction angiogram.Results: A total number of 85 patients with ruptured saccular anterior circulation aneurysm were enrolled in this study. In this study anterior communicating artery aneurysm (ACom) was the most frequent site of aneurysm (42%). The mean age of the patients with ACom aneurysm (51.72 ± 9.26 years) was significantly higher than posterior communicating artery (47.5 ± 8.2 years) aneurysm and middle cerebral artery (MCA) (43.41 ± 8.0 years) aneurysm. Above the age of 50 ACom aneurysm was the most frequent aneurysm (OR 5.5, p<0.05). Among the female Posterior communicating artery (PCom) aneurysm (46.7%) was the most frequent aneurysm and among the male ACom aneurysm (37.5%) was the most frequent aneurysm. Family history was exclusive in MCA aneurysm (3.5%). The mean size of MCA (7.79 ± 0.71 cm) was higher than ACom (6.12 ± 2.7cm) aneurysm and PCom (6.5 ± 2.4 cm) aneurysm and proportion of aneurysm >10 mm was also higher among the middle cerebral artery (35.6%) aneurysms. The size ratio was significantly higher in ACom (3.08±1.23) and MCA (3.04±0.97) aneurysm. ACom (76.4%) and MCA (83.3%) had also more frequent high risk size ratio.Conclusion: In conclusion anterior circulation aneurysms differ in respects of risk factors and morphology.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2017;3(1): 21-28
Incidence and Associated Risk Factors of Contrast Induced Nephropathy in Diabetes and Non Diabetic Patients
Authors: Anwar Mohammed Rashed , Hasan KAM Mahbub , Hoque Asraful , Alam Babrul , Debnath Dilip Kumar , Faraji Md Anwarul Hoque
Published: April 2018

Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is the third leading cause of hospital-acquired acute renal failure.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the incidence and associated risk factors of contrast induced nephropathy in diabetes and non-diabetic patients.Methodology: This was cross-sectional study performed in the Department of Nephrology at National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology, Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka and Department of Cardiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2016 to July 2016. Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is defined as increase in serum creatinine of ≥25% from baseline value and/ or an absolute increase of ≥0.5 mg/dl in serum creatinine from baseline. Patients were divided in to two groups Group A (Patients with Diabetes mellitus) and Group B (Patients without Diabetes mellitus). To identify independent characteristics associated with CIN, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used through SPSS version 23. Results of this model were presented as Odds Ratio (OR). P value was calculated to see the significance of various risk factors in diabetes and non-diabetes patients.Results: The difference in baseline creatinine serum creatinine was found statistically significant (P<0.001). In group A 57 patients (50.9%) had eGFR <60ml/min/1.73m2, 55 patients (49.1%) had eGFR ≥60ml/min. The difference in estimated GFR was found statistically significant (P<0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction <40% was present in 6 (5.4%), 7 (5.1%) in group A and B respectively, ≥40% in 106 (94.6%), 131 (94.9%) in group A and B respectively. CIN developed in 21 (18.80%) patients in group A and 2 (1.4%) patients in group B (CIN was defined by increased in serum creatinine ≥25% of baseline or ≥44μmol/L). All belonged to group A, 16 (19%) of the diabetic patients out of 86 developed CIN. Diabetic patients who had eGFR <60ml/min (n=30), 13 (43.3%) developed CIN. Among all patients (n=250), 23 developed CIN. Overall incidence was 9.2%.Conclusion: CIN was significant developed in diabetes group than non diabetes. Left ventricular ejection fraction and total volume of contrast media used was significantly higher in diabetes group than non-diabetes group B patients.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2017;3(1): 29-36
Socio-demographic and Comorbidity Profiles of Migraine Patients in a Headache Clinic of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Akter , Hakim Maliha , Hasan Mashfiqul , Rahman Mohammad Atiqur , Rashid Mamnur , Sagir Golam , Hussain Mohammad Enayet
Published: April 2018

Background: Comorbidities of migraine patients are not uncommon.Objective: This study was done to find out sociodemographic characteristics and the important comorbid psychiatric and physical illness in migraine patients.Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Neurology Outdoor and Headache Clinic at Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from July 2010 to June 2011 for a period of 1 year. Patients with migraine (on the basis of International headache society migraine headache criteria), age ≥16 years with total duration of headache six months or more, having comorbidities like major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM) or obesity were included in the study (n=33).The sociodemographic and relevant data were collected in a preformed data sheet from each patient.Result: The mean age of the participants was 33.8±8.8 years. Most of them were in 31-40 year age group (39.4%), followed by 21-30 year age group (36.4%). Most of the participants were female (72.7%) and housewives (57.6%). The symptoms of migraine was severe according to Migraine Severity Scale (MIGSEV) in 19 (57.6%), moderate in 8 (24.2%) and mild in 6 (18.2%) participants. Among the comorbidities, psychiatric problems like GAD and MDD was present in 8 (24.2%) and 6 (18.2%) participants respectively. Seven (21.2%) were obese, 4 (12.1%) hypertensive and 8 (24.2%) diabetic. Frequency of headache/month was observed to be higher in participants with hypertension (5.0±1.4 episodes/month) and duration of episodic migraine headache was higher in those with MDD (23.4±10.3 hours).Conclusion: Patients of migraine have comorbidities like GAD, MDD, obesity, hypertension and DM which need to be addressed appropriately for proper migraine headache management.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2017;3(1): 48-51
Anterior Cervical Arachnoid Cyst in A Child: A Case Report
Authors: Arman DM , Ekramullah Sheikh Muhammad , Mukherjee Sudipta Kumer , Ahmed Misbahuddin , Mia MA Quddus , Huq Naila
Published: April 2018

Intradural arachnoid cysts involving the spine are uncommon and especially rare in an anterior cervical location. In the literature, among 15 patients, 8 were in the paediatric age group and in 3 patients the cyst was localized to the full length of the cervical spinal canal. Although they occur secondary to trauma, haemorrhage, surgery or inflammation, most of them are known to be idiopathic or congenital. Although the disease shows a dramatic neurological course, early diagnosis and treatment could provide good results. In the paediatric age group, cervical anterior intradural arachnoid cyst is an unusual cause of quadriparesis. The rarity of this condition and the relevance of MRI in the accurate and early diagnosis is discussed here. A 4 year-old girl with a intradural arachnoid cyst extending from C4 to C7 situated anteriorly is reported here; diagnosis and treatment modalities are discussed.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2017;3(1): 52-56
Astronomical Evidence in Tristia I, 3 for the Date of Ovid’s Departure into Exile
Authors: Lewis A.-M.
Published: April 2018

The astronomical references in Tristia I, 3 are not only poetic but also chronological, and they provide evidence that Ovid departed into exile in AD 7 and not in AD 8, as is commonly believed. A specific date of departure (16 December AD 7) is proposed. This date is consistent with all other chronological references in Ovid’s poems written in exile and is supportive of a political motivation for Ovid’s relegatio.
Leverage and Activation of Sport Sponsorship Through Music Festivals
Authors: Ballouli Khalid , Koesters Todd C. , Hall Todd
Published: April 2018

Research on leverage and activation of sponsorship is an underexplored area in academia, one that is still in its infancy in the event management and sport marketing literature. Much of the existing analyses of sponsorship leverage do not clearly differentiate between activational and
nonactivational leverage. It is now common practice for mega-event organizers to create and manage ancillary events for sponsors to leverage and activate sponsorships among attendees. One example is the Austin Fan Fest held each year during the week of the Formula 1 US Grand Prix. However,
it remains unclear how leverage differs between main and ancillary events, and what the subsequent impact is on sport consumer behavior. The purpose of the study was to examine whether sponsorship activation by Austin Fan Fest sponsors would have greater results for these sponsors than for
Formula 1 sponsors that were limited to using nonactivational sponsorship (i. e., signage, promotions, and public address) during the main event. Results show that activational leverage off site at Austin Fan Fest outperformed on-site nonactivational at the Formula 1 US Grand Prix, as surveyed
respondents reported higher ratings on attitudes toward the sponsor, word of mouth, and purchase intentions.
Applying the Motivation, Opportunity, Ability (MOA) Model, and Self-Efficacy (S-E) to Better Understand Student Engagement on Undergraduate Event Management Programs
Authors: Jepson Allan , Ryan W. Gerard
Published: April 2018

Considering the motivation, opportunity, ability (MOA) model and the self-efficacy (S-E) component of the social cognitive theory (SCT), this article aims to examine through a series of four research questions whether such models can help to determine how students engage with their
program of study. Furthermore, the article will determine factors that influence student engagement in event management (EM) degree programs and seek to understand how EM students engage with their reading and interact within classroom-based environments. In doing so, the article will contribute
to the existing debates on inclusive teaching and learning in higher education (HE), and provide a link towards creating more professional and employable graduates. Self-efficacy refers to beliefs in one's capabilities to learn or perform at designated levels. Much research has demonstrated
that self-efficacy influences academic motivation, learning, and achievement; particularly within science, technology, English, and mathematics (STEM) subjects. With this in mind, this research aims to investigate the frame conditions mentioned that surround both self and group efficacy and
seeks to reveal whether the above models can be used to better understand the engagement and subsequent performance of undergraduate EM students. This analysis will enable academics to better understand the role of MOA and S-E, how these develop over a program of study, and thereby provide
a boost to student self-efficacy. By doing so, the best possible educational experience and results in higher education can be achieved.
Reconstruction of the Dark Energy Equation of State from the Latest Observations
Authors: Dai Ji-Ping , Yang Yang , Xia Jun-Qing
Published: April 2018

Since the discovery of the accelerating expansion of our universe in 1998, studying the features of dark energy has remained a hot topic in modern cosmology. In the literature, dark energy is usually described by w ≡ P/ρ, where P and ρ denote its pressure and energy density. Therefore, exploring the evolution of w is the key approach to understanding dark energy. In this work, we adopt three different methods, polynomial expansion, principal component analysis, and the correlated prior method, to reconstruct w with a collection of the latest observations, including the type-Ia supernova, cosmic microwave background, large-scale structure, Hubble measurements, and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs), and find that the concordance cosmological constant model (w = −1) is still safely consistent with these observational data at the 68% confidence level. However, when we add the high-redshift BAO measurement from the Lyα forest (Lyα FB) of BOSS DR11 quasars into the calculation, there is a significant impact on the reconstruction result. In the standard ΛCDM model, since the Lyα FB data slightly prefer a negative dark energy density, in order to avoid this problem, a dark energy model with a w significantly smaller than −1 is needed to explain this Lyα FB data. In this work, we find the consistent conclusion that there is a strong preference for the time-evolving behavior of dark energy w at high redshifts, when including the Lyα FB data. Therefore, we think that this Lyα FB data needs to be watched carefully attention when studying the evolution of the dark energy equation of state.
A Three-dimensional Simulation of a Magnetized Accretion Disk: Fast Funnel Accretion onto a Weakly Magnetized Star
Authors: Takasao Shinsuke , Tomida Kengo , Iwasaki Kazunari , Suzuki Takeru K.
Published: April 2018

We present the results of a global, three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics simulation of an accretion disk with a rotating, weakly magnetized central star. The disk is threaded by a weak, large-scale poloidal magnetic field, and the central star has no strong stellar magnetosphere initially. Our simulation investigates the structure of the accretion flows from a turbulent accretion disk onto the star. The simulation reveals that fast accretion onto the star at high latitudes occurs even without a stellar magnetosphere. We find that the failed disk wind becomes the fast, high-latitude accretion as a result of angular momentum exchange mediated by magnetic fields well above the disk, where the Lorentz force that decelerates the rotational motion of gas can be comparable to the centrifugal force. Unlike the classical magnetospheric accretion scenario, fast accretion streams are not guided by magnetic fields of the stellar magnetosphere. Nevertheless, the accretion velocity reaches the free-fall velocity at the stellar surface due to the efficient angular momentum loss at a distant place from the star. This study provides a possible explanation why Herbig Ae/Be stars whose magnetic fields are generally not strong enough to form magnetospheres also show indications of fast accretion. A magnetically driven jet is not formed from the disk in our model. The differential rotation cannot generate sufficiently strong magnetic fields for the jet acceleration because the Parker instability interrupts the field amplification.
Chronique des décisions de la Cour Interaméricaine des Droits de l’Homme (Avril 2017 – Mars 2018)
Authors: Ronderos  Alejandro , Cruz Sánchez   Emma-Luna , Lamas Oriane , Rodrigues Débora , Gorski Sandro , Cruz Sánchez Emma-Luna , Gauchy Marine
Published: April 2018

Très active dans son rôle de gardienne des droits fondamentaux, la Cour interaméricaine des Droits de l’Homme cherche à garantir l’effectivité de ces droits dans les États latino-américains depuis 1979. Sa ligne jurisprudentielle reflète cet engagement non seulement en raison du nombre d’arrêts rendus chaque année (plus d’une centaine), mais également de la complexité des affaires analysées. La protection du droit à la vie, l’interdiction de l’esclavage et de la torture, les disparitions forcées ou le contrôle des multiples violations au principe de l’Habeas corpus ne sont que quelques exemples de l’action remarquable de la Cour IADH. Après analyse des affaires portées devant elle, il est possible de relever l’importance des atteintes aux droits dits « de première génération », majoritairement imputables aux instabilités politiques et aux transitions démocratiques difficiles. Si les décisions de la Cour ne sont pas contraignantes, il ne faut néanmoins pas négliger leur portée, soutenue par l’opinion publique et la pression des acteurs internationaux. À l’heure actuelle, la pérennité d’une institution comme la Cour IADH semble vitale aux citoyens des pays latino-américains en ce qu’elle constitue le dernier rempart garantissant la justiciabilité et l’effectivité de leurs droits.
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Evaluation, Management, and Outcomes of and Return-to- Play Criteria for Overhead Athletes With Superior Labral Anterior-Posterior Injuries
Authors: Michener Lori A. , Abrams Jeffrey S. , Bliven Kellie C. Huxel , Falsone Sue , Laudner Kevin G. , McFarland Edward G. , Tibone James E. , Thigpen Charles A. , Uhl Timothy L.
Published: April 2018

Objective: 

To present recommendations for the diagnosis, management, outcomes, and return to play of athletes with superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) injuries.

Background: 

In overhead athletes, SLAP tears are common as either acute or chronic injuries. The clinical guidelines presented here were developed based on a systematic review of the current evidence and the consensus of the writing panel. Clinicians can use these guidelines to inform decision making regarding the diagnosis, acute and long-term conservative and surgical treatment, and expected outcomes of and return-to-play guidelines for athletes with SLAP injuries.

Recommendations: 

Physical examination tests may aid diagnosis; 6 tests are recommended for confirming and 1 test is recommended for ruling out a SLAP lesion. Combinations of tests may be helpful to diagnose SLAP lesions. Clinical trials directly comparing outcomes between surgical and nonoperative management are absent; however, in cohort trials, the reports of function and return-to-sport outcomes are similar for each management approach. Nonoperative management that includes rehabilitation, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and corticosteroid injections is recommended as the first line of treatment. Rehabilitation should address deficits in shoulder internal rotation, total arc of motion, and horizontal-adduction motion, as well as periscapular and glenohumeral muscle strength, endurance, and neuromuscular control. Most researchers have examined the outcomes of surgical management and found high levels of satisfaction and return of shoulder function, but the ability to return to sport varied widely, with 20% to 94% of patients returning to their sport after surgical or nonoperative management. On average, 55% of athletes returned to full participation in prior sports, but overhead athletes had a lower average return of 45%. Additional work is needed to define the criteria for diagnosing and guiding clinical decision making to optimize outcomes and return to play.
A new algorithm and routing protocol based on convolutional codes using TCNet: Trellis Coded Network
Authors: F. Lima Filho Diogo , Roberto Amazonas José
Published: April 2018

Currently emerging technologies have taken advantage of the possibility of communication with the World Wide Web to expand to all applications of this technology, among them the Internet of Things – IoT. This work proposes the implementation of new packets forwarding algorithms using the concept of convolutional codes. The results obtained by means of extensive simulations show gains in terms of latency and energy consumption reduction compared to the AODV protocol. The implementation complexity is extremely low and compatible with the few hardware resources usually available in the elements of a wireless sensor network (WSN). This research uses Finite State Machine (FSM) to get the networks nodes, obtained from settings with Mealy machine – (MM) due to the low complexity of (“XOR” gates and "shift registers"), eliminating the use of any routing tables by means of Trellis decoding. The route can be chosen based on criteria of Quality of Service (Qos) – aware routing protocols.
Audiencia televisiva y memoria: estudio de caso de la ficción Los archivos del cardenal en Chile
Authors: Chamorro Maldonado Miguel Alejandro
Published: April 2018

La serie de ficción televisiva del canal público TVN en Chile, Los archivos del cardenal, causó impacto de impresión, recuerdo y dramatismo en los espectadores al revivir con sus dos temporadas en el 2011 y 2014, acontecimientos ocurridos en Chile durante la dictadura militar. Objetivos. Se pretende ofrecer una visión de la percepción de los espectadores seguidores de la serie de ficción televisiva para conocer sus apreciaciones respecto al recuerdo y la memoria reciente de un Chile golpeado por la dictadura. Método. Se ha aplicado la técnica del grupo de discusión formado por 28 personas seguidoras de la serie televisiva, donde se ha analizado el contenido del discurso desde una visión cognitiva y psicológica en el marco de la memoria perceptiva entre la historia real y la ficción. Conclusiones. La investigación demostró que en el trabajo de campo los seguidores tuvieron la oportunidad de hablar de los contenidos de la serie de ficción y valorar los episodios como material educativo para valorar la verosimilitud de la ficción con la realidad reciente del país.
Handling and Packaging of Materials and Components for Emissions Testing
Authors:   Volatile Organic Compounds
Published: April 2018

This standard is intended for the automotive industry. Testing methods may specifically define the handling and packaging conditions for the material to be analyzed. In these cases, follow the method as closely as possible. Use this standard as a guide, where the protocol for handling and packaging the samples between part production and testing may be undefined.
Intermittent turbulence contributes to vertical diffusion of PM2.5 in
the North China Plain
Authors: Wei Wei , Zhang Hongsheng , Wu Bingui , Huang Yongxiang , Cai Xuhui , Song Yu , Li Jianduo
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Heavy particulate pollution events have frequently occurred in the North China Plain over the past decades. Due to high emissions and poor diffusion conditions, issues become increasingly serious during cold seasons. Although early studies have explored some potential reasons for air pollutions, there are few works focusing on the effects of intermittent turbulence. This paper draws upon two typical PM2.5 (particulate matters with diameter less than 2.5 mm) pollution cases from the winter of 2016–2017. After several days of gradual accumulation, the concentration of PM2.5 near the surface reached the maximum as a combined result of strong inversion layer, stagnant wind and high ambient humidity and then sharply decreased to a very low level within a few hours. In order to identify the strength of turbulent intermittency, an effective index, called Intermittency Factor (IF), was proposed by this work. The results show that the turbulence during the stage of diffusion is highly intermittent and not locally generated. The vertical characteristics of IF and wind filed confirm the generation and downward transport of intermittent turbulence from the wind shear associated with low-level jets. The intermittently turbulent fluxes contribute positively to the vertical dispersion of particulate matters and improve the air quality near the surface. This work brought up a possible mechanism of how intermittent turbulence affects the diffusion of particulate matters.
Validation of new satellite rainfall products over the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Ayehu Getachew Tesfaye , Tadesse Tsegaye , Gessesse Berhan , Dinku Tufa
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Accurate measurement of rainfall is vital to analyze the spatial and temporal
patterns of precipitation at various scales. However, the conventional rain
gauge observations in many parts of the world such as Ethiopia are sparse and
unevenly distributed. An alternative to traditional rain gauge observations
could be satellite-based rainfall estimates. Satellite rainfall estimates
could be used as a sole product (e.g., in areas with no (or poor) ground
observations) or through integrating with rain gauge measurements. In this
study, the potential of a newly available Climate Hazards Group Infrared
Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) rainfall product has been evaluated in
comparison to rain gauge data over the Upper Blue Nile basin in Ethiopia for
the period of 2000 to 2015. In addition, the Tropical Applications of Meteorology
using SATellite and ground-based observations (TAMSAT 3) and the African
Rainfall Climatology (ARC 2) products have been used as a benchmark and
compared with CHIRPS. From the overall analysis at dekadal (10 days) and monthly
temporal scale, CHIRPS exhibited better performance in comparison to
TAMSAT 3 and ARC 2 products. An evaluation based on categorical/volumetric
and continuous statistics indicated that CHIRPS has the greatest skills in
detecting rainfall events (POD = 0.99, 1.00) and measure of volumetric
rainfall (VHI = 1.00, 1.00), the highest correlation coefficients (r= 0.81, 0.88), better bias values (0.96, 0.96), and the lowest RMSE
(28.45 mm dekad−1, 59.03 mm month−1) than TAMSAT 3 and ARC 2 products at dekadal and
monthly analysis, respectively. CHIRPS overestimates the frequency of
rainfall occurrence (up to 31 % at dekadal scale), although the volume of
rainfall recorded during those events was very small. Indeed, TAMSAT 3 has
shown a comparable performance with that of the CHIRPS product, mainly with
regard to bias. The ARC 2 product was found to have the weakest performance
underestimating rain gauge observed rainfall by about 24 %. In addition,
the skill of CHIRPS is less affected by variation in elevation in comparison
to TAMSAT 3 and ARC 2 products. CHIRPS resulted in average biases of 1.11,
0.99, and 1.00 at lower (< 1000 m a.s.l.), medium (1000 to 2000 m a.s.l.), and higher elevation (> 2000 m a.s.l.), respectively.
Overall, the finding of this validation study shows the potentials of the CHIRPS
product to be used for various operational applications such as rainfall
pattern and variability study in the Upper Blue Nile basin in Ethiopia.
Factors controlling coccolithophore biogeography in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Nissen Cara , Vogt Meike , Münnich Matthias , Gruber Nicolas , Haumann F. Alexander
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The biogeography of Southern Ocean phytoplankton controls not only the local biogeochemistry, but also the export of macronutrients to lower latitudes and depth. Of particular relevance is the interaction between coccolithophores and diatoms, with the former being prevalent along the "Great Calcite Belt" (40–60° S), while diatoms tend to dominate the regions south of 60° S. To address the factors controlling coccolithophore distribution and the competition between them and diatoms, we use a regional high-resolution model (ROMS-BEC) for the Southern Ocean (24–78° S) that has been extended to include an explicit representation of coccolithophores. We assess the relative importance of bottom-up (temperature, nutrients, light) and top-down (grazing by zooplankton) factors in controlling Southern Ocean coccolithophore biogeography over the course of the growing season. In our simulations, coccolithophores are an important member of the Southern Ocean phytoplankton community, contributing 15 % to annually integrated net primary productivity south of 30° S. Coccolithophore biomass is highest north of 50° S in late austral summer, when light levels are high and diatoms become silicate limited. Furthermore, we find top-down factors to be a major control on the relative abundance of diatoms and coccolithophores in the Southern Ocean. Consequently, when assessing potential future changes in Southern Ocean coccolithophore abundance, both abiotic (temperature, light, nutrients, pH) and biotic factors (interaction with diatoms and zooplankton) need to be considered.
Review article: the use of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs) for natural hazards monitoring and management
Authors: Giordan Daniele , Hayakawa Yuichi , Nex Francesco , Remondino Fabio , Tarolli Paolo
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The number of scientific studies that consider possible applications of remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs) for the management of natural hazards effects and the identification of occurred damages strongly increased in the last decade. Nowadays, in the scientific community, the use of these systems is not a novelty, but a deeper analysis of the literature shows a lack of codified complex methodologies that can be used not only for scientific experiments but also for normal codified emergency operations. RPASs can acquire on-demand ultra-high-resolution images that can be used for the identification of active processes such as landslides or volcanic activities but can also define the effects of earthquakes, wildfires and floods. In this paper, we present a review of published literature that describes experimental methodologies developed for the study and monitoring of natural hazards.
Análise comparativa entre dois tipos de agregados utilizados em obras de pequeno e médio porte no município de Tucuruí - PA [Comparative analysis between two types of aggregates used in small and middle size works in the municipality of Tucuruí - PA]
Authors: Lucena de Sousa Diego , Gonçalves de Oliveira Mateus , Sérgio Lima Souza Paulo
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste estudo consiste no fato de se realizar uma comparação concisa entre o seixo lavado e o seixo misto utilizados com frequência na composição de traços de concreto em obras de pequeno e médio porte no município de Tucuruí/PA-Brasil. Desse modo, a partir dos ensaios de resistência à compressão, a determinação da absorção de água, índice de vazios e massa específica e a partir do uso de uma dosagem pré-estabelecida para o seixo lavado, pode-se realizar uma comparação entre os dois tipos de agregados. Assim, em posse dos resultados, notou-se que o seixo misto obteve certa superioridade em relação ao seixo lavado e que apesar disso, tal material não pode ser considerado ideal para a produção de concreto estrutural, visto que o mesmo não possibilita a utilização de um teor de argamassa ideal para viabilizar seu uso. A pesquisa corroborou o quanto é importante a realização de estudos na área em foco para o desenvolvimento local, assim, tal estudo evidencia a possibilidade do emprego do seixo misto em obras de pequeno e médio porte, visto que o mesmo apresentou resultados considerados satisfatórios para esta finalidade. 

Abstract

The objective of this study is to perform a concise comparison between the washed pebble and the mixed pebble used frequently in the composition of concrete traces in small and medium size works in the municipality of Tucuruí / PA-Brazil. Like this, from the tests of compressive strength, determination of water absorption, voids index and specific mass and from the use of a pre-established dosage for the washed pebble, a comparison can be made between the two types of aggregates. Thereby, in the possession of the results, it was noticed that the mixed pebble obtained some superiority in relation to the washed pebble and that nevertheless, such material cannot be considered ideal to produce structural concrete, since it does not allow the use of an ideal mortar content to enable its use. The research corroborated how important it is to carry out studies in the area in focus for local development, so, this study evidences the possibility of the use of the mixed pebble in small and medium sized works, since it presented results considered satisfactory for this finality.
Forros de gesso e PVC comparativamente ao forro de madeira: avaliação do ciclo de vida de emissões de CO2 [Gypsum and PVC ceiling linings comparatively to timber ceiling linings: life cycle carbon emissions assessment]
Authors: Gomes Araújo Lissa , Santiago de Matos Monteiro Lira Júlia , Maria Sposto Rosa
Published: April 2018

A crescente necessidade de gerar economia e aumentar a produtividade na construção civil tem incentivado a busca por meios e métodos alternativos, o que aumentou a atenção direcionada a materiais mais eficientes, inclusive quanto ao aspecto da sustentabilidade ambiental. O objetivo deste trabalho é quantificar as emissões de CO2 dos sistemas de vedação horizontal interna utilizados em edificações habitacionais, ou mais precisamente, sistemas de forros de gesso acartonado e de PVC, comparativamente ao forro de madeira. Para o alcance deste objetivo utilizou-se a metodologia ACVCO2, com análise híbrida, dados secundários e dimensionamentos comerciais. O sistema de forro de madeira apresentou emissões 26% maiores que a do PVC e 67% maiores que a do gesso. Este trabalho chama a atenção para os sistemas de vedações horizontais internas e a preocupação com outros materiais da construção civil cujo impacto é tão preocupante quando o do cimento.
Abstract
The growing need to provide savings and increase productivity in the construction industry has encouraged the search for alternative means and methods, increasing the pursuit for more efficient materials, especially under the aspect of environmental sustainability. The objective of this work is to quantify the CO2 emissions of the internal horizontal sealing systems used in residential buildings, or more accurately, ceiling linings of gypsum plasterboard and PVC, compared to the timber lining. To reach this objective, the ACVCO2 methodology was applied, with hybrid analysis, secondary data and following commercial standards. The timber lining system presented emissions 26% higher than that of PVC and 67% higher than that of gypsum. This paper draws attention to the internal horizontal sealing systems and the concern with other building materials whose impact is as concerning as that of cement.
Análise do programa de pesquisa em saúde e saneamento da funasa no período de 2000 a 2016 [Funasa’s Health and Sanitation Research Program assessment in the period 2000-2016]
Authors: Medeiros Brito Leite Cibele , Diniz Santiago Cristine , Kotaka Filomena
Published: April 2018

A Funasa financia projetos de pesquisas desde o ano 2000, visando o fomento a ações sustentáveis de engenharia de saúde pública. Para o processo de desenvolvimento, acompanhamento e avaliação dos produtos finais das pesquisas, tem-se a colaboração de diversos atores. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o Programa de Pesquisa em Saúde e Saneamento no período de 2000 a 2016, a partir da visão destes atores. No sentido de colher subsídios para aperfeiçoamento do Programa de Pesquisa foi realizada coleta de informações, via questionário eletrônico do Google Forms, com os envolvidos no processo, utilizando a metodologia da escala de Likert para as respostas. Foram encaminhados 277 questionários e respondidos um total de 48, ou seja 17,3%. A utilização do questionário eletrônico para auxiliar na coleta de dados possibilitou a análise do Programa e as respostas inferem o impacto e a importância da manutenção dessa iniciativa para o fomento de estudos e pesquisas na área de saúde e saneamento. Entretanto, alguns aspectos precisam ser revistos e avaliados, principalmente com relação a burocracia e a continuidade de projetos de pesquisa no sentido da aplicabilidade, visando a eficácia, efetividade e aprimoramento do Programa de Pesquisa da Funasa. Os resultados deste estudo contribuem para subsidiar o aperfeiçoamento das ações da Funasa no apoio à pesquisa brasileira em saúde e saneamento.
Abstract
Funasa finances research projects since the year 2000, aiming at the promotion of sustainable actions in the areas of public health engineering. Several actors collaborate in the process of development, monitoring and evaluation of the final products of the researches. Thus, the present research analyzed Funasa’s Health and Sanitation Research Program in the period from 2000 to 2016, from the perspective of these actors. In order to collect information for the improvement of the Research Program an online questionnaire was constructed using Google Forms platform. This questionnaire used Likert’s scale method and was sent to 277 people, with a total of 48 answers, representing 17,3%. The use of an online questionnaire made it possible to analyze the Program and the answers show the impact and importance of the maintenance of this financing initiative for research in the health and sanitation area. Nevertheless, some aspects must be reviewed and evaluated, mainly those related to bureaucracy and continuity of the research projects in the sense of applicability, towards the efficiency, effectiveness and improvement of Funasa’s Research Program. This paper’s results will contribute to subsidize the improvement of Funasa’s actions towards supporting Brazilian research in the areas of public health and sanitation.
Estudo do desplacamento de MRAF em rodovia do rio grande do sul: gênese e correções [Study of microsurfacing debonding distress in Rio Grande do Sul highway: genesis and corrections]
Authors: Rosa Hallal Rafael , Da Fonseca Martins Márcio , Otto Coelho Henrique , Pivoto Specht Luciano
Published: April 2018

Uma das patologias que pode ocorrer após a aplicação do Microrrevestimento Asfáltico a Frio (MRAF) é o desplacamento nas trilhas de roda. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar um diagnóstico, por meio de observações in loco e registro fotográfico do pavimento, a fim de apontar as prováveis causas dos desplacamentos de MRAF nas trilhas de roda que ocorreram em um trecho de aproximadamente 24 km em uma rodovia federal de ligação no Rio Grande do Sul. Em um segundo momento, o trabalho buscou avaliar a eficácia de duas técnicas empregadas para correção dos desplacamentos na rodovia em questão: fresagem padrão na espessura da camada de MRAF seguida por aplicação de CBUQ nas trilhas de roda e fresagem padrão na espessura da camada de MRAF seguida por aplicação de uma nova camada de MRAF nas trilhas de roda. As duas soluções de correção de desplacamentos de MRAF nas trilhas de roda, adotadas no presente trabalho, foram satisfatórias para as condições em que foi realizado o estudo. A principal contribuição desta pesquisa para a área de transportes é que ela é um case de obra de um tema com pouca documentação técnico-científica e com alto impacto na prática da engenharia.
Abstract
One of the pathologies that can occur after the application of microsurfacing is the debonding distress in the wheel tracks. In this context, the present research had the objective of making a diagnosis, through in situ observations and photographic record of the pavement, in order to point out the probable causes of microsurfacing debonding distress in the wheel tracks that occurred in a stretch of approximately 24 km in a federal highway linking in Rio Grande do Sul. In a second moment, the research tried to evaluate the effectiveness of two techniques used for correction of the debonding distress in the highway in question: standard milling in the thickness of the microsurfacing layer followed by application of CBUQ in the tracks of milling wheel and standard milling in the thickness of the microsurfacing layer followed by application of a new layer of microsurfacing in the wheel tracks. The two solutions of correction of debonding distress of microsurfacing in the tracks of wheel, adopted in the present research, were satisfactory for the conditions in which the study was realized. The main contribution of this research to the area of transport is that it is a case study, a topic with little technical-scientific documentation and with a high impact in engineering practice.
Oxalates are Found in Many Different European and Asian Foods - Effects of Cooking and Processing
Authors: Savage Geoffrey , Klunklin Warinporn
Published: April 2018

Plant foods contain a surprising number of different toxins. A few well-known plants, including some grown in Thailand are known to contain high levels of oxalates however, some plants have not yet been fully investigated. A few plants have become fashionable to promote health because they contain antioxidants but some of these plants will contain oxalates as well. In many cases there is little published data to confirm the oxalates levels of these plants. If plant leaves are boiled before they are consumed this allows soluble oxalate to be leached out and discarded in the cooking water. This means that the cooked food contains considerably lower levels of soluble oxalates than the original raw plants. Cooking in a wok generally concentrates the oxalate contents as much of the cooking water is removed as steam. However, during cooking some of the soluble oxalates can combine with free calcium in the food and be converted to insoluble oxalates; these are not absorbed in the digestive tract. The preparation of juices using fruit or vegetables are being promoted as healthy alternatives, this poses further problems, as they may be prepared from raw vegetable leaves, such as spinach, which contain high levels of oxalates. These juices are not cooked so the oxalate concentration is not reduced during their preparation. Recent research has shown that the addition of calcium salts to these juices can considerably reduce the soluble oxalate content of the drink prepared without changing the taste.
Círculo de cultura e educação física: a tematização do funk na escola
Authors: Sousa Claudio Aparecido de , Maldonado Daniel Teixeira , Neira Marcos Garcia
Published: April 2018

A experiência descrita neste artigo foi desenvolvida no 3º trimestre de 2016 em uma escola municipal de Educação Infantil e Fundamental localizada na região periférica de Santo André (SP), junto às turmas do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Trata-se de uma experiência pedagógica que tematizou o funk. Sobre os resultados, as crianças fizeram bom uso da ferramenta de internet pesquisando sobre o funk, compreenderam que meninos e meninas podem vivenciar juntos os gestos dessa prática corporal e os alunos evangélicos entenderam que na escola é possível participar de todas as danças sem atrapalhar as diretrizes da sua religião.
Cadre pédagogique pour l’enseignement-apprentissage de l’improvisation musicale classique fondé sur la pratique des experts du domaine
Authors: Després Jean-Philippe , Burnard Pamela , Dubé Francis , Stévance Sophie
Published: April 2018

Cette recherche porte sur l’enseignement-apprentissage de l’improvisation musicale classique. Afin d’offrir une perspective en profondeur de cet objet d’étude, des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été menées auprès de N = 15 participants, au sujet de leur processus d’apprentissage, de production et d’enseignement de l’improvisation. Différentes composantes de l’enseignement-apprentissage de l’improvisation musicale classique ont été identifiées : 18 compétences à développer chez l’apprenant et 23 approches d’enseignement-apprentissage. Ces connaissances offrent à celui qui s’intéresse à l’improvisation — qu’il soit enseignant ou apprenant, de niveau novice, débutant ou intermédiaire — des balises pour guider son apprentissage instrumental ou sa pratique pédagogique.