bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrocardiographic imaging in the atria
Authors: Hernández-Romero Ismael , Molero Rubén , Fambuena-Santos Carlos , Herrero-Martín Clara , Climent Andreu M. , Guillem María S.
Published: November 2022

The inverse problem of electrocardiography or electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) is a technique for reconstructing electrical information about cardiac surfaces from noninvasive or non-contact recordings. ECGI has been used to characterize atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Although it is a technology with years of progress, its development to characterize atrial arrhythmias is challenging. Complications can arise when trying to describe the atrial mechanisms that lead to abnormal propagation patterns, premature or tachycardic beats, and reentrant arrhythmias. This review addresses the various ECGI methodologies, regularization methods, and post-processing techniques used in the atria, as well as the context in which they are used. The current advantages and limitations of ECGI in the fields of research and clinical diagnosis of atrial arrhythmias are outlined. In addition, areas where ECGI efforts should be concentrated to address the associated unsatisfied needs from the atrial perspective are discussed.

Graphical abstract
Ethics and Genomic Editing Using the Crispr-Cas9 Technique: Challenges and Conflicts
Authors: Lorenzo David , Esquerda Montse , Palau Francesc , Cambra Francisco J. , Bioética Grup Investigació en
Published: November 2022

The field of genetics has seen major advances in recent decades, particularly in research, prevention and diagnosis. One of the most recent developments, the genomic editing technique Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9, has opened the possibility for genetic therapies through genome modification. The technique marks an improvement on previous procedures but poses some serious ethical conflicts. Bioethics is the discipline geared at finding answers to ethical challenges posed by progress in medicine and biology and examining their repercussions for society. It can also offer a conceptualization of these ethical dilemmas. The aim of this paper is to offer a map of the ethical dilemmas associated with this technique by way of a critical analysis of current literature. The main issues can be grouped in four areas: efficacy and security; the types of cells which can be targeted by the technique (somatic, embryonic and gametes); the goal of the therapy; and accessibility and justice.
Transcranial alternating current stimulation ameliorates emotional attention through neural oscillations modulation
Authors: Liu Shuang , He Yuchen , Guo Dongyue , Liu Xiaoya , Hao Xinyu , Hu Pengchong , Ming Dong
Published: November 2022

Background

Numerous clinical reports have suggested that psychopathy like schizophrenia, anxiety and depression is accompanied by early attentional abnormalities in emotional processing. Recently, the efficacy of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) in changing emotional functioning has been repeatedly observed and demonstrated a causal relationship between endogenous oscillations and emotional processing.

Aims

Up to now, tACS effects on emotional attention have not yet been tested. To assess such ability, we delivered active-tACS at individual alpha frequency (IAF), 10 Hz or sham-tACS for 7 consecutive days in the bilaterally dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) to totally 79 healthy participants.

Results

IAF-tACS group showed significant alpha entrainment at-rest, especially in open state around stimulation area and showed an obvious advantage compared to 10 Hz-tACS. Event-related potential revealed a significant larger P200 amplitude after active-tACS and IAF group showed wider range of emotions than 10 Hz-tACS, indicating the attentional improvement in facial emotion processing. A notable positive correlation between alpha power and P200 amplitude provided an electrophysiological interpretation regarding the role of tACS in emotional attention modulation instead of somatosensory effects.

Conclusion

These results support a seminal outcome for the effect of IAF-tACS on emotional attention modulation, demonstrating a feasible and individual-specific therapy for neuropsychiatric disorders related to emotion processing, especially regarding oscillatory disturbances.
Resting state fMRI analysis of pseudobulbar affect in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): motor dysfunction of emotional expression
Authors: Trojsi Francesca , Di Nardo Federica , D’Alvano Giulia , Caiazzo Giuseppina , Passaniti Carla , Mangione Antonella , Sharbafshaaer Minoo , Russo Antonio , Silvestro Marcello , Siciliano Mattia , Cirillo Mario , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Esposito Fabrizio
Published: November 2022

Pseudobulbar affect (PBA), referring to exaggerated or inappropriate episodes of laughing and/or crying without an apparent motivating stimulus, has been mainly attributed to bilateral degeneration of corticobulbar tracts. We aimed at exploring brain functional connectivity (FC) correlates of PBA in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common motor neuron disease, frequently associated with PBA. Resting state functional MRI (RS-fMRI) independent component (ICA) and seed-based analyses and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) whole-brain analysis were performed on 27 ALS patients (13 with PBA; 14 without PBA) and 26 healthy controls (HC), for investigating functional and structural abnormalities in ALS patients compared to HC and in patients with PBA compared to patients without PBA. Between-patient analysis revealed different FC patterns, especially regarding decreased FC in several areas of cognitive (default mode, frontoparietal, salience) and sensory-motor networks in patients with PBA compared to those without PBA. However, no significant differences were found in gray matter atrophy. Seed-based analysis showed increased FC between middle cerebellar peduncles and posterior cingulate cortex and decreased FC between middle cerebellar peduncles and left middle frontal gyrus in patients with PBA compared to patients without PBA. Our findings suggest that some alterations of fronto-tempo-parietal-cerebellar circuits could be related to PBA in ALS. In particular, the abnormal FC between cerebellum and posterior cingulate cortex and left middle frontal gyrus in patients with PBA compared to patients without PBA highlights a crucial role of the cerebellum in regulating emotion expression in patients with ALS.
Efficiency of European oil companies: an empirical analysis
Authors: Sanchez-Robles Blanca , Herrador-Alcaide Teresa C. , Hernández-Solís Montserrat
Published: November 2022

We explore the efficiency in the oil industry employing a sample of around 300 companies operating in Europe over 2010–2019. We construct efficiency scores by means of DEA non-parametric techniques. Average efficiency in the sample is modest, 0.27, and decreasing over time. We examine the association of efficiency with economic and financial variables. Results suggest that size is closely associated to efficiency. Large (in the top 10th percentile of income) and very small firms are more efficient, ceteris paribus, whereas medium size and small firms exhibit lower levels of efficiency. Firms which have strived more to implement sustainable technologies and cut greenhouse emissions are more efficient too. Increases in employee costs and decreases in financial solvency jeopardize efficiency, which displays a positive correlation with economic activity and oil prices. As a robustness test, we have repeated the exercise by means of the Simar-Wilson methodology, which confirms our main results regarding efficiency levels and trends and correlations with other variables. Our findings suggest that an industry consolidation is foreseeable in the future.
Dimensions of uncertainty communication: What is conveyed by verbal terms and numeric ranges
Authors: Teigen Karl Halvor
Published: November 2022

The paper reviews two strands of research on communication of uncertainty that usually have been investigated separately: (1) Probabilities attached to specific outcomes, and (2) Range judgments. Probabilities are sometimes expressed by verbal phrases (“rain is likely”) and at other times in a numeric format (“70% chance of rain”), whereas range judgments describe the potential amounts expected (“1–4 mm of rain”). Examination of previous research shows that both descriptions convey, in addition to the strength of expectations, pragmatic information about the communicative situation. For instance, so-called verbal probability expressions (VPE), aslikely,unlikely, a chance,ornot certaingive some, albeit vague, probabilistic information, but carry in addition an implicit message about the sources of uncertainty, the outcome’s valence and severity, along with information about the speakers’ attitudes and their communicative intentions. VPEs aredirectionalby drawing attention either to an outcome’s occurrence (“it is possible”) or to its non-occurrence (“it is doubtful”). In this sense they may be more informative than numbers. Uncertainties about outcomes in a distribution (continuous quantities) are alternatively expressed as interval estimates. The width of such intervals can function as a cue to credibility and expertise. Incomplete, one-sided intervals, where only one boundary is stated, imply directionality. “More than 100 people” suggests a crowd, while “less than 200” implies a shortfall. As with VPEs, directionally positive intervals are more frequent, and perhaps more neutral than negative ones. To convey expectancies and uncertainty in a balanced way, communicators may have to alternate between complementary frames.
The Role of Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Elbow Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries in Throwing Athletes
Authors: Sutterer Brian J. , Boettcher Brennan J. , Payne Jeffrey M. , Camp Christopher L. , Sellon Jacob L.
Published: November 2022

Purpose of Review

Although ultrasound (US) imaging is commonly used to evaluate the elbow medial ulnar collateral ligament (mUCL) in throwing athletes, significant technical heterogeneity exists in the published literature and in practice. This has resulted in variable and often ambiguous US diagnostic criteria for mUCL injury. This review summarizes the literature on sonographic evaluation of the mUCL and outlines recommendations for consistent descriptive terminology, as well as future clinical and research applications.

Recent Findings

Both acute and chronic throwing loads in overhead athletes cause the mUCL to become thicker and more lax on stress testing, and these changes tend to revert after a period of prolonged rest. Stress US (SUS) can aid in the diagnosis of mUCL tears and may help identify athletes at risk of mUCL injury. Variability exists in terminology, elbow flexion angle, amount of stress applied, and technique of stress testing. Recent studies have suggested an injured elbow stress delta (SD—change in ulnohumeral joint (UHJ) space with valgus stress) of 2.4 mm and a stress delta difference (SDD—side-side difference in SD) of 1 mm each denote abnormal UHJ laxity due to mUCL injury.

US imaging is a powerful and widely accessible tool in the evaluation elbow mUCL injuries. Sonologists should consider how their US techniques compare with published methods and use caution when applying diagnostic criteria outside of those circumstances. Currently, an SD of 2.4 mm and an SDD of 1 mm provide the best diagnostic accuracy for mUCL tears requiring surgery. Finally, preliminary work suggests that shear wave elastography may be helpful in evaluating the biomechanical properties of the mUCL, but additional research is needed.
Interactions Between Astrocytes and Oligodendroglia in Myelin Development and Related Brain Diseases
Authors: Hu Xuelian , Yu Guangdan , Liao Xiang , Xiao Lan
Published: November 2022

Astrocytes (ASTs) and oligodendroglial lineage cells (OLGs) are major macroglial cells in the central nervous system. ASTs communicate with each other through connexin (Cx) and Cx-based network structures, both of which allow for quick transport of nutrients and signals. Moreover, ASTs interact with OLGs through connexin (Cx)-mediated networks to modulate various physiological processes in the brain. In this article, following a brief description of the infrastructural basis of the glial networks and exocrine factors by which ASTs and OLGs may crosstalk, we focus on recapitulating how the interactions between these two types of glial cells modulate myelination, and how the AST-OLG interactions are involved in protecting the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and regulating synaptogenesis and neural activity. Recent studies further suggest that AST-OLG interactions are associated with myelin-related diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. A better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying AST-OLG interactions may inspire the development of novel therapeutic strategies for related brain diseases.
Development and validation of a ferroptosis-related lncRNAs signature to predict prognosis and microenvironment for melanoma
Authors: Ping Shuai , Gong Ruining , Lei Ke , Qing Gong , Zhang Guangheng , Chen Jianghai
Published: November 2022

Ferroptosis plays an important role in cancer. However, studies about ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (FRLs) in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) are scarce. Moreover, the relationship between prognostic FRLs and tumor microenvironment (TME) in melanoma remains unclear. This study investigates the potential prognostic value of FRLs and their association with TME in SKCM. The RNA-sequencing data of SKCM were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Melanoma patients were randomly divided into training and testing groups in a 1:1 ratio. A signature composed of 19 FRLs was developed by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis to divide patients into a low-risk group with a better prognosis and a high-risk group with a poor prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor. The Area Under Curve (AUC) value of the risk score reached 0.768 in the training group and 0.770 in the testing group. Subsequent analysis proved that immune-related signaling pathways were significantly enriched in the low-risk group. The tumor immune cell infiltration analysis demonstrated that melanoma in the high-risk group tended to be immunologically “cold”. We identified a novel FRLs signature which could accurately predict the prognosis of patients with melanoma.
Radiomics based on readout-segmented echo-planar imaging (RS-EPI) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for prognostic risk stratification of patients with rectal cancer: a two-centre, machine learning study using the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine
Authors: Liu Zonglin , Wang Yueming , Shen Fu , Zhang Zhiyuan , Gong Jing , Fu Caixia , Shen Changqing , Li Rong , Jing Guodong , Cai Sanjun , Zhang Zhen , Sun Yiqun , Tong Tong
Published: November 2022

Background

Currently, the rate of recurrence or metastasis (ROM) remains high in rectal cancer (RC) patients treated with the standard regimen. The potential of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in predicting ROM risk has been reported, but the efficacy is insufficient.

Aims

This study investigated the potential of a new sequence called readout-segmented echo-planar imaging (RS-EPI) DWI in predicting the ROM risk of patients with RC using machine learning methods to achieve the principle of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) application in RC treatment.

Methods

A total of 195 RC patients from two centres who directly received total mesorectal excision were retrospectively enrolled in our study. Machine learning methods, including recursive feature elimination (RFE), the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE), and the support vector machine (SVM) classifier, were used to construct models based on clinical-pathological factors (clinical model), radiomic features from RS-EPI DWI (radiomics model), and their combination (merged model). The Harrell concordance index (C-index) and the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated to evaluate the predictive performance at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years. Kaplan‒Meier analysis was performed to evaluate the ability to stratify patients according to the risk of ROM.

Findings

The merged model performed well in predicting tumour ROM in patients with RC at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years in both cohorts (AUC = 0.887/0.813/0.794; 0.819/0.795/0.783) and was significantly superior to the clinical model (AUC = 0.87 [95% CI: 0.80–0.93] vs. 0.71 [95% CI: 0.59–0.81], p = 0.009; C-index = 0.83 [95% CI: 0.76–0.90] vs. 0.68 [95% CI: 0.56–0.79], p = 0.002). It also had a significant ability to differentiate patients with a high and low risk of ROM (HR = 12.189 [95% CI: 4.976–29.853], p < 0.001; HR = 6.427 [95% CI: 2.265–13.036], p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Our developed merged model based on RS-EPI DWI accurately predicted and effectively stratified patients with RC according to the ROM risk at an early stage with an individualized profile, which may be able to assist physicians in individualizing the treatment protocols and promote a meaningful paradigm shift in RC treatment from traditional reactive medicine to PPPM.
Engaging rurality in Australian education research: addressing the field
Authors: Roberts Philip , Downes Natalie , Reid Jo-Anne
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we examine engagement with ‘the rural context’ in Australian education research, focussing on the implications of the signifier ‘rural’—in terms of its inclusion or absence. A review of Australian research literature in rural education indicates that the term ‘rural’ and its synonyms are more often used to denote assumptions of a generalised and predetermined ‘context’ for research than to think about its meaning. We present our findings here and discuss the implications of the signifier ‘rural’ in the Australian research literature to argue that while educational policy-makers must attempt to think differently about the 'problem of the rural’, the field itself also needs to more fully develop the capacity to do this.
Using 17th century medication for modern diabetes management: Doctors’ perceptions of self-medication practices – A qualitative study
Authors: Puvvada Rahul Krishna , Tang Clarice Y. , Thomas Jency , Kay Mitch , Higgs Peter , Jois Markandeya , Madhan Ramesh , Gupta Sabrina
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study was conducted to explore doctors’ perceptions and understanding of the self-medication practices of people living with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

A qualitative research design incorporating 20 semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with doctors treating people with type 2 diabetes in Mysuru, India, between July 2019 and January 2020. All the interviews were conducted in doctors’ clinics, audio-recorded and thematically analyzed.

Results

Three themes were identified from these interviews- i) Doctors’ beliefs towards their patients’ use of traditional medicine and environmental factors influencing prescription practices, ii) Doctors reported little faith in traditional medicines, iii) Limited strategies implemented by doctors to overcome barriers to self-medications. Doctors reported greater belief in western medications over traditional medications and expressed concern that their patients favored traditional medications over western. Multiple factors such as social media, accessibility of healthcare facilities and pill burden influenced adherence to western medications. Also, lack of knowledge about traditional medications and trust in western medications available under government schemes have influenced prescription practices among doctors. It appears that doctors implemented strategies such as educating patients on the detrimental effects of self-medication and insisting on patients to take only western medications to achieve desired blood glucose levels when managing self-medication practices among people with diabetes.

Conclusion

These results suggest that doctors have limited strategies to implement to prevent self-medication practices among people with diabetes. Increasing knowledge amongst doctors about JAS medication effectiveness and thereby garnering greater trust in generic medications. In addition, efforts should be made to identify the best ways to integrate traditional and western medicine into patient-centered care delivery.
TOOLBOX Effects on K-2 Student Growth in Social-Emotional Competence: Evidence from a Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Shapiro Valerie B. , Lee Juyeon , Kim Bo-Kyung Elizabeth
Published: November 2022

TOOLBOX is a school-based social and emotional learning (SEL) program to teach and reinforce 12 tools (e.g., Breathing Tool, Courage Tool) for healthy youth development. Although TOOLBOX has been broadly adopted, it remains largely untested. This quasi-experimental study aims to examine the relationship between TOOLBOX implementation and the growth of social-emotional competence (SEC) among K-2 students. First, we compare the growth trajectories of SEC between TOOLBOX and non-TOOLBOX conditions during one academic year. Then, within the TOOLBOX condition, we compare two implementation directives—TOOLBOX Standard and TOOLBOX Primer—to assess (a) the extent to which TOOLBOX was implemented and (b) the SEC growth trajectories among youth. Two district schools were given an implementation directive and materials to implement TOOLBOX Standard curriculum (full, structured lesson plans and strategies with higher dosage anticipated), and two district schools to implement TOOLBOX Primer (basic, introductory lesson plans and strategies with lower dosage anticipated). There were no dosage benchmarks available for either condition. Two additional district schools practiced as usual (non-TOOLBOX). The study sample consisted of 1766 K-2 students and their 80 classroom teachers. Student SEC was measured three times using the Devereux Student Strengths Assessment-Mini, a teacher-completed brief behavioral rating scale. Implementation dosage and quality were measured three times using teacher self-reports. Latent growth modeling and t tests were conducted. In Fall, SEC did not differ between TOOLBOX and non-TOOLBOX conditions. TOOLBOX students, however, showed a greater increase in SEC over the year. Within the TOOLBOX condition, Standard teachers incorporated the “tools” into academic instruction more frequently in Spring compared to Primer teachers. For most other implementation variables, no statistical difference was found between TOOLBOX implementation directives. Student SEC growth trajectories did not differ between Standard and Primer schools. Quasi-experimental evidence supports the overall benefits of TOOLBOX on K-2 students’ social and emotional growth. We discuss possible reasons for non-differential outcomes between Standard and Primer implementation directives within the TOOLBOX condition (e.g., gap between implementation directives and actual implementation behaviors). The gap between implementation directives and behaviors may provide an impetus for practicing school psychologists to contribute to more robust forms of implementation leadership (e.g., remove obstacles for implementation) and offer implementation support (e.g., coaching, feedback loops).
Combined control of fluid adsorption capacity and initial permeability on coal permeability
Authors: Liu Xiaolei , Wei Jianping , Wei Guoying , Wu Caifang , Liu Cao , Ni Xiaoming
Published: November 2022

The variations of strain and permeability of coal were systematically studied through the physical simulation of N2 and water injection. The effects of fluid adsorption capacity and initial permeability on strain, permeability and the dominant effect of pore pressure were discussed. The adsorption strain and strain rate of coal during water injection are significantly higher than those during N2 injection. An edge of free adsorption exists in the early phase of N2 and water injection, which is related to fluid saturation. Within this boundary, the strain rate and pore pressure are independent. Moreover, the injection time of initial stage accounts for about 20% of the total injection time, but the strain accounts for 70% of the total strain. For water injection, this boundary is about half of water saturation of coal. Besides, the influence of pore pressure on permeability is complex, which is controlled by adsorption capacity and initial permeability of coal. When the initial permeability is large enough, the effect of adsorption strain on permeability is relatively weak, and the promoting effect of pore pressure on fluid migration is dominant. Therefore, the permeability increases with increasing pore pressure. When the initial permeability is relatively low, the pore pressure may have a dominant role in promoting fluid migration for the fluid with weak adsorption capacity. However, for the fluid with strong adsorption capacity, the adsorption strain caused by pore pressure may play a leading role, and the permeability reduces first and then ascends with increasing pore pressure.
Social justice and care for the world – adopting a critical view in religious education
Authors: Mogra Imran
Published: November 2022

Maktab education serves many purposes. It provides the substantive knowledge thought to be compulsory for Muslim pupils. Its functional role is to enable them, through varied learning processes, to embody elements of their faith and live as Muslims. Hitherto, systematic attention to curricula in primary maktab education has been rare. This ground-breaking research makes an original contribution to this under-researched area. It examines three curricula operative in the British context. In part, it presents findings on the structural and organizational features, aims and objectives of learning, pedagogical snippets and the taught content. However, the focus is on discerning matters related to the conception of social justice by addressing questions such as what Muslim children are taught about justice and injustice from a vertical and horizontal plane. Documentary thematic and descriptive analysis will be applied to simplify the content, identify patterns, determine contexts, and gain a better understanding of these teachings. The findings suggest that these curricula instil prosocial values ostensibly at the micro-level and, to some degree, at the macro level.
Estimating time-series changes in social sentiment @Twitter in U.S. metropolises during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Saito Ryuichi , Haruyama Shinichiro
Published: November 2022

Since early 2020, the global coronavirus pandemic has strained economic activities and traditional lifestyles. For such emergencies, our paper proposes a social sentiment estimation model that changes in response to infection conditions and state government orders. By designing mediation keywords that do not directly evoke coronavirus, it is possible to observe sentiment waveforms that vary as confirmed cases increase or decrease and as behavioral restrictions are ordered or lifted over a long period. The model demonstrates guaranteed performance with transformer-based neural network models and has been validated in New York City, Los Angeles, and Chicago, given that coronavirus infections explode in overcrowded cities. The time-series of the extracted social sentiment reflected the infection conditions of each city during the 2-year period from pre-pandemic to the new normal and shows a concurrency of waveforms common to the three cities. The methods of this paper could be applied not only to analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic but also to analyses of a wide range of emergencies and they could be a policy support tool that complements traditional surveys in the future.
Research on intelligent vehicle lamp signal recognition in traffic scene
Authors: Shi Peicheng , Qi Heng , Liu Zhiqiang , Yang Aixi
Published: November 2022

In order to improve the ability of intelligent vehicle to accurately recognize the semantics of the front vehicle, a new method of lamp signal recognition is proposed by combining deep learning with traditional computer vision. Firstly, the method uses YOLOv4 (You Only Look Once) network to detect vehicles and obtain accurate vehicle tail areas; Then, according to the spatial distribution characteristics of the pixels lighting the lamp in hue, saturation, value (HSV), a HSV spatial segmentation method based on region adaptive threshold is proposed to improve the pixel extraction quality; Finally, the deep neural network model is established to train the collected sample data, classify the brake lamp, turn signal lamp and lamp off state according to the information of lighting lamp pixels, and infer the current lamp meaning of the vehicle in front. In this paper, Python3.8, Pytorch1.9 and Opencv3.2 are used as algorithm implementation tools to test the road in the daytime urban traffic scene. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of the algorithm is 81.3%, the accuracy of the left turn signal is 75.8%, and the accuracy of the right turn signal is 76.4%.

Article Highlights

This paper investigates vehicle lamp signal recognition that is rarely explored in intelligent vehicle perception. A convolutional neural network is trained on the autonomous driving dataset for detection of vehicle tail regions.

This paper transforms the image color space and proposes a region-based adaptive threshold for semantic segmentation of vehicle taillights with different hue, saturation and value.

This paper constructs a deep neural network for lamp signal classification. Combined with the data collected in the actual traffic scene and the optimized network structure, the judgment of turn signals and brake signals is completed.
Review of sentiment analysis: An emotional product development view
Authors: Yan Hong-Bin , Li Ziyu
Published: November 2022

Conveying consumers’ specific emotions in new products, referred to as emotional product development or emotional design, is strategically crucial for manufacturers. Given that sentiment analysis (SA) can extract and analyze people’s opinions, sentiments, attitudes, and perceptions regarding different products/services, SA-based emotional design may provide manufacturers with real-time, direct, and rapid decision support. Despite its considerable advancements and numerous survey and review articles, SA is seldom considered in emotional design. This study is among the first efforts to conduct a thorough review of SA from the view of emotional design. The comprehensive review of aspect-level SA reveals the following: 1) All studies focus on extracting product features by mixing technical product features and consumers’ emotional perceptions. Consequently, such studies cannot capture the relationships between technical and emotional attributes and thus cannot convey specific emotions to the new products. 2) Most studies use the English language in SA, but other languages have recently received more interest in SA. Furthermore, after conceptualizing emotion as Kansei and introducing emotional product development and Kansei Engineering, a review of the data-driven emotional design is then conducted. A few efforts start to study emotional design with the help of SA. However, these studies only focus on either analyzing consumers’ preferences on product features or extracting emotional opinions from online reviews, thus cannot realize data-driven emotional product development. Finally, some research opportunities are provided. This study opens a broad door to aspect-level SA and its integration with emotional product development.
Analysis of factors related to early miscarriage after in vitro fertilization embryo transfer
Authors: Zuo Liying , Fan Yuan , Ai Jiajia , Tian Li
Published: November 2022

Aims

This research aims to explore the factors related to early spontaneous miscarriage after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) pregnancy, and to provide guidance for improving pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data for clinical pregnant women (2591 cycles) undergoing IVF-ET at the reproductive center of Peking University People’s Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018; This included 544 ​ET cycles and 2047 frozen embryo transfer cycles. The analysis of factors associated with early miscarriage in the overall population of IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) pregnancies (including fresh and thawing cycles) was performed.

Results

The risk of early miscarriage in the 35–39 age group was 1.35 times higher than that in the <35 age group (OR ​= ​1.35 [1.05,1.73],p ​= ​0.02). In addition, the risk of early miscarriage was 3.88 times higher in the group ≥40 years old than in the group <35 years old (OR ​= ​3.88 [2.68,5.62],p ​< ​0.001). Endometrial thickness also affected the miscarriage rate; the early miscarriage risk with endometrial thickness ≥8.5 ​mm was 0.78 times than that of the <8.5 ​mm group (OR ​= ​0.78 [0.62,0.98],p ​= ​0.03). The early miscarriage rate during frozen embryo transfer was 1.48 times higher than that during fresh embryo transfer (OR ​= ​1.48 [1.08,2.02],p ​= ​0.01), while in the fresh cycle, the risk of early miscarriage with high-quality embryos was 0.5 times lower than that with non-high quality embryos (OR ​= ​0.5 [0.27,0.9],p ​= ​0.02). In the frozen cycle, the risk of early miscarriage in natural cycle transplantation was 0.73 times that in hormone replacement treatment (HRT) cycle transplantation (OR ​= ​0.73 [0.54,0.97],p ​= ​0.03) .

Conclusions

Advanced age is an independent risk factor for early miscarriage, while endometrial thickness at the date of transplantation is an independent protective factor. The risk of early miscarriage in fresh-cycle transplanted embryos is significantly lower than that in frozen embryos, and the number of high-quality embryos in the fresh cycle lowers the miscarriage rate significantly. Natural cycle transplantation has a lower rate of early miscarriage than hormone replacement therapy.
An Introduction to Space Weather
Authors: Moldwin Mark
Published: November 2022

Our space age technology enables global communication, navigation, and power distribution that has given rise to our 'smart', interconnected and spacefaring world. Much of the infrastructure modern society depends on, to live on Earth and to explore space, is susceptible to space weather storms originating from the Sun. The Second Edition of this introductory textbook is expanded to reflect our increased understanding from more than a dozen scientific missions over the past decade. Updates include discussions of the rapidly expanding commercial space sector, orbital debris and collision hazards, our understanding of solar-terrestrial connections to climate, and the renewed emphasis of human exploration of the Moon and Mars. It provides new learning features to help students understand the science and solve meaningful problems, including some based on real-world data. Each chapter includes learning objectives and supplements that provide descriptions of the science and learning strategies to help students and instructors alike.
James Ransom Heirtzler: A Tribute
Authors: Nazarova‐Heirtzler Katherine , Taylor Patrick T.
Published: November 2022

James Ransom Heirtzler passed away in Silver Spring, Maryland, on 15 July 2022, at age 96. He was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, on 16 September 1925. James served in the U.S. Navy in the tropical and western Pacific during 1944–1946. He graduated from New York University obtaining a Ph.D. in Physics in 1953 and taught at the American University of Beirut 1953–1956. Dr. Heirtzler was at Columbia University 1960–1969, at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 1969–1985, and then at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center until retiring in 2004. He authored or coauthored 168 scientific articles, edited numerous books and participated in the production of the documentary movie “Where the Earth Turns Inside Out.” James was a fellow of the American Geophysical Union, the Geological Society of America, and the American Physical Society. He led scientific cruises in all the oceans of the world and had expeditions in both Polar Regions. Dr. Heirtzler has two Antarctic geological features and a microfossil named for him: the Heirtzler Ice Piedmont (72°34′S and 61°25′W), the Heirtzler Fracture Zone (63°30′S and 162°30′E), and the microfossil “Pithonella heirtzleri.”
Nightside Auroral H+ and O+ Outflows Versus Energy Inputs During a Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Zhao K. , Kistler L. M. , Lund E. J. , Nowrouzi N. , Kitamura N. , Strangeway R. J.
Published: November 2022

The recalibrated FAST/TEAMS data is used to study the response of O+ and H+ outflow to energy inputs in the nightside aurora during the 24–25 September 1998 geomagnetic storm, the same storm studied by Strangeway et al. (2005), https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JA010829. In contrast to the cusp, the Poynting flux and electron precipitation energy input are not as well correlated on the nightside, so their effects on outflow can be differentiated. The O+ outflow shows a strong correlation with both the Alfvénic Poynting flux (r = 0.71) and the soft electron precipitation (r = 0.69), while the H+ outflow only correlates well with the electron number flux (r = 0.74). This indicates that the auroral H+ outflow is close to its limiting flux without additional wave acceleration, while the outflow for the heavier O+ ion is increased by additional wave acceleration.
The Origin of the Low‐Velocity Anomalies Beneath the Rootless Atlas Mountains: Insights Gained From Modeling of Anisotropy Developed by the Travel of Canary Plume
Authors: Lee Hwaju , Bezada Maximiliano J. , Kim YoungHee
Published: November 2022

As the mantle plume rises from the deep mantle and reaches the base of a tectonic plate, it changes its traveling direction from vertical to horizontal. The horizontal spread of plume material is often radially asymmetric. An example is a plume found below the Canary Hotspot. Previous studies have suggested that the channeling of the Canary Plume toward the westernmost Mediterranean (Alboran Sea) and consequent lithospheric delamination may have contributed to the low‐velocity anomalies found beneath the Moroccan Atlas Mountains. Regional upwelling and edge‐driven convection have been proposed as other candidates to explain the origin of the low‐velocity anomalies. In this study, we incorporated anisotropy as an a priori constraint in teleseismic P‐wave travel‐time tomography as mantle flow can develop seismic anisotropy. We inverted a new set of travel‐time delays by removing the hypothetical anisotropy‐imposed travel‐time delays from the observations. Our improved results are more consistent with the hypothesis that the low‐velocity anomalies come from the mantle material of the Canary Plume.
Pyroconvection Classification Based on Atmospheric Vertical Profiling Correlation With Extreme Fire Spread Observations
Authors: Castellnou Marc , Bachfischer Mercedes , Miralles Marta , Ruiz Borja , Stoof Cathelijne R. , Vilà‐Guerau de Arellano Jordi
Published: November 2022

Pyrocumulus (pyroCu) formation during convective fire‐atmosphere interaction is a driving factor causing extreme and unpredictable wildfires. Here, by investigating several cases of pyroCu occurrence, we have monitored fire‐induced changes in atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) vertical profiles of state variables (temperature, humidity, and wind). Particular emphasis is placed in relating them to observed versus modeled fire spread biases. To this end, during the 2021 fire season in the Iberian Peninsula, we conducted a pyroconvection monitoring campaign. We gathered data on hourly fire spread, plume surface, deepening and penetration stages, and in‐situ radiosoundings within wildfire plumes. European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts ERA5 weather data completed the analysis as reference modeling information to characterize the meso and synoptic scales on the thermodynamic profiles. We propose a novel classification of pyroconvection‐type events based on (a) differences in ABL thermodynamic stability, (b) regions characterized by high turbulence in the sub or pyroCu‐layers, and (c) the reinforced entrainment of free‐tropospheric air on top of every convective plume. This classification defines four types: (a) convective plumes, (b) overshooting pyroCu, (c) resilient pyroCu, and (d) deep pyroCu/pyroCb. Those prototypes change ABL conditions (temperature, humidity, height) differently depending on the dry or moist convection enhancement that drives them. Using this distinct behavior, we find correlations between observed ABL thermodynamic changes after fire‐atmosphere interaction and fire spread biases. Our findings pave the way to quantify the pyroconvection effect on fire spread and facilitate safer and more physically sound decisions when analyzing extreme fires.
Constraining Alteration Processes Along the Siccar Point Group Unconformity, Gale Crater, Mars: Results From the Sample Analysis at Mars Instrument
Authors: Sutter B. , McAdam A. C. , Wong G. M. , Clark J. V. , Archer P. D. , Franz H. B. , Gasda P. J. , Ming D. W. , Yen A. , Lewis J. M. T. , Schwenzer S. P. , Turner S. M. R. , Rampe E. B. , Eigenbrode J. L. , Stern J. C. , Thompson L. M. , Dehouck E. , Bedford C. , Banham S. , Bryk A. B. , O’Connell‐Cooper C. , House C. S. , Millan M. , Freissinet C. , Navarro‐Gonzalez R. , Mahaffy P. R. , Malespin C. A.
Published: November 2022

Results from the Sample Analysis at Mars‐evolved gas analyzer on board the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover constrained the alteration history and habitability potential of rocks sampled across the Siccar Point unconformity in Gale crater. The Glasgow member (Gm) mudstone just below the unconformity had evidence of acid sulfate or Si‐poor brine alteration of Fe‐smectite to Fe amorphous phases, leaching loss of Fe‐Mg‐sulfate and exchange of unfractionated sulfur 34S (δ34S = 2‰ ± 7‰) with enriched 34S (20‰ ± 5‰, Vienna Cañon Diablo Troilite). Carbon abundances did not significantly change (322–661 μgC/g) consistent with carbon stabilization by amorphous Al‐ and Fe‐hydroxide phases. The Gm mudstone had no detectable oxychlorine and extremely low nitrate. Nitrate (0.06 wt.% NO3), oxychlorine (0.13 wt.% ClO4), high C (1,472 μg C/g), and low Fe/Mg‐sulfate concentration (0.24 wt.% SO3) depleted in 34S (δ34S = −27‰ ± 7), were detected in the Stimson formation (Sf) eolian sandstone above the unconformity. Redox disequilibrium through the detections of iron sulfide and sulfate supported limited aqueous processes in the Sf sandstone. Si‐poor brines or acidic fluids altered the Gm mudstone just below the unconformity but did not alter underlying Gm mudstones further from the contact. Chemical differences between the Sf and Gm rocks suggested that fluid interaction was minimal between the Sf and Gm rocks. These results suggested that the Gm rocks were altered by subsurface fluids after the Sf placement. Aqueous processes along the unconformity could have provided habitable conditions and in some cases, C and N levels could have supported heterotrophic microbial populations.
Effects of early life stress and subsequent re-exposure to stress on neuronal activity in the lateral habenula
Authors: Webster Jack F. , Beerens Sanne , Wozny Christian
Published: November 2022

Early life stress can result in depression in humans and depressive-like behaviour in rodents. In various animal models of depression, the lateral habenula (LHb) has been shown to become hyperactive immediately after early life stress. However, whether these pathological changes persist into adulthood is less well understood. Hence, we utilised the maternal separation (MS) model of depression to study how early life stress alters LHb physiology and depressive behaviour in adult mice. We find that only a weak depressive phenotype persists into adulthood which surprisingly is underpinned by LHb hypoactivity in acute slices, accompanied by alterations in both excitatory and inhibitory signalling. However, while we find the LHb to be less active at rest, we report that the neurons reside in a sensitised state where they are more responsive to re-exposure to stress in adulthood in the form of acute restraint, thus priming them to respond to aversive events with an increase in neuronal activity mediated by changes in glutamatergic transmission. These findings thus suggest that in addition to LHb hyperactivity, hypoactivity likely also promotes an adverse phenotype. Re-exposure to stress results in the reappearance of LHb hyperactivity offering a possible mechanism to explain how depression relapses occur following previous depressive episodes.
CST1 inhibits ferroptosis and promotes gastric cancer metastasis by regulating GPX4 protein stability via OTUB1
Authors: Li Dongbao , Wang Yuhong , Dong Chao , Chen Tao , Dong Anqi , Ren Jiayu , Li Weikang , Shu Gege , Yang Jiaoyang , Shen Wenhao , Qin Lei , Hu Lin , Zhou Jin
Published: November 2022

Metastasis is an important factor contributing to poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer; yet, the molecular mechanism leading to this cell behavior is still not well understood. In this study, we explored the role of cysteine protease inhibitor SN (Cystatin SN, CST1) in promoting gastric cancer metastasis. We hypothesized that CST1 could regulate gastric cancer progression by regulating GPX4 and ferroptosis. Whole transcriptome sequencing suggested that the expression of CST1 was significantly increased in metastatic cancer, and high CST1 expression was correlated with a worse prognosis. Our data further confirmed that the overexpression of CST1 may significantly promote the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro and enhance liver, lung, and peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer in nude mice. Meanwhile, high expression of CST1 promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of gastric cancer cells. Mechanistically, a co-immunoprecipitation experiment combined with mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that CST1 could interact with GPX4, a key protein regulating ferroptosis. CST1 relieves GPX4 ubiquitination modification by recruiting OTUB1, improving GPX4 protein stability and reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby inhibiting ferroptosis and, in turn, promoting gastric cancer metastasis. Moreover, clinical data suggested that CST1 is significantly increased in peripheral blood and ascites of gastric cancer patients with metastasis; multivariate Cox regression model analysis showed that CST1 was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Overall, our results elucidated a critical pathway through which high CST1 expression protects gastric cancer cells from undergoing ferroptosis, thus promoting its progression and metastasis. CST1 may be used as a new oncological marker and potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer metastasis.