bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling potential distribution of newly recorded ant, Brachyponera nigrita using Maxent under climate change in Pothwar region, Pakistan
Authors: Gull E. Fareen Ammara , Mahmood Tariq , Bodlah Imran , Rashid Audil , Khalid Azeem , Mahmood Shahid
Published: January 2022

Climate change has been discussed as to exert shifts in geographical range of plants, animals or insect species by increasing, reducing or shifting its appropriate climatic habitat. Globally, Pakistan has been ranked at 5th position on the list of countries most vulnerable to climate change in 2020. Climate change has resulted in the losses of biodiversity and alteration in ecosystem as a result of depletion of natural habitats of species in Pakistan as well as in the world. Ants have been regarded as indicators of environmental change and ecosystem processes. Brachyponera nigrita (Emery, 1895) was reported for the first time from Pakistan (Pothwar region). Objective of our studies was to model geographic distribution of newly recorded ant species, B. nigrita based on two representative concentration pathways (RCP) (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for 2050s using maximum entropy model (Maxent) in Pakistan. In modeling procedure, 21occurrence records and 8 variables namely Bio4 (Temperature seasonality), Bio8 (Mean temperature of wettest quarter), Bio10 (Mean temperature of warmest quarter), Bio12 (Annual precipitation), Bio13 (Precipitation of wettest month), Bio15 (Precipitation seasonality), Bio17 (Precipitation of driest quarter) and Bio18 (Precipitation of warmest quarter) were used to determine the current and future distributions. Performance of the model was evaluated using AUC (area under curves) values, partial ROC, omission rates (E = 5%) and AICc (Model complexity).The results showed the average AUC value of the model was 0.930, which indicated that the accuracy of the model was excellent. The jackknife test also showed that Bio4, Bio18, Bio17 and Bio15 contributed 98% for the prediction of potential distribution of the species as compared to all other variables. Maxent results indicated that distribution area of B. nigrita under future predicted bioclimatics 2050 (RCP 4.5 and RCP8.5) would be increased in various localities of Pakistan as compared to its current distribution. In Pothwar region, moderately suitable and highly suitable areas of this species would increase by 505.932321km2and 572.118421km2as compared to current distribution under 2050 (RCP 4.5), while under 2050 (RCP 8.5), there would be an increase of 6427.2576km2and 3765.140493km2 respectively in moderately suitable and highly suitable areas of B. nigrita. This species was associated with termites, collembolans and larval stages of different insects. White eggs, creamy white pupae and many workers of this species were observed in a variety of habitats. Unknown nesting ecology, species identification characters supported with micrographs has been given which will help researchers for further ecological studies.
Predicting risk for trauma patients using static and dynamic information from the MIMIC III database
Authors: Tsiklidis Evan J. , Sinno Talid , Diamond Scott L.
Published: January 2022

Risk quantification algorithms in the ICU can provide (1) an early alert to the clinician that a patient is at extreme risk and (2) help manage limited resources efficiently or remotely. With electronic health records, large data sets allow the training of predictive models to quantify patient risk. A gradient boosting classifier was trained to predict high-risk and low-risk trauma patients, where patients were labeled high-risk if they expired within the next 10 hours or within the last 10% of their ICU stay duration. The MIMIC-III database was filtered to extract 5,400 trauma patient records (526 non-survivors) each of which contained 5 static variables (age, gender, etc.) and 28 dynamic variables (e.g., vital signs and metabolic panel). Training data was also extracted from the dynamic variables using a 3-hour moving time window whereby each window was treated as a unique patient-time fragment. We extracted the mean, standard deviation, and skew from each of these 3-hour fragments and included them as inputs for training. Additionally, a survival metric upon admission was calculated for each patient using a previously developed National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB)-trained gradient booster model. The final model was able to distinguish between high-risk and low-risk patients to an AUROC of 92.9%, defined as the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve. Importantly, the dynamic survival probability plots for patients who die appear considerably different from those who survive, an example of reducing the high dimensionality of the patient record to a single trauma trajectory.
COmpliance with pandemic COmmands Scale (COCOS): The relationship between compliance with COVID-19 measures and sociodemographic and attitudinal variables
Authors: Morales-Vives Fabia , Dueñas Jorge-Manuel , Ferrando Pere J. , Vigil-Colet Andreu , Varea Maria Dolores
Published: January 2022

Several studies in different countries have reported that part of the population does not fully comply with the measures recommended to prevent COVID-19, and therefore poses a risk to public health. For this reason, several measures have been developed to assess the level of compliance, although many of them have methodological limitations or do not include a comprehensive set of items. The main goal of the current study was to develop a new instrument with suitable psychometric properties, which includes a more complete set of items and controls the impact of acquiescence bias. The participants were 1410 individuals (59.2% women) from Spain, who answered the new questionnaire and several items on sociodemographic and attitudinal issues. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out, and the results suggested that only one content factor was underlying the data. This solution was replicated in a different subsample, which shows the stability of the solution. Furthermore, the relationships between the scores of the new questionnaire and the sociodemographic and attitudinal variables are similar to those obtained in previous studies, which can be regarded as evidence of the validity of the new questionnaire.
Advertising funded video-sharing platforms under the revised AVMSD: Commercial communication functionalities
Authors: Broughton Micova Sally , Kostovska Ivana
Published: January 2022

The 2018 revision of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) defined video-sharing platforms (VSPs) and brought them into the scope of the Directive, holding them responsible, though not liable, for preventing certain types of harm from both the user-generated content and the commercial communication they carry. The AVMSD introduces the concept of functionality to distinguish a platform as a VSP and bring it into scope. In this article, we present findings from an investigation that applied the concept of functionality more widely and sought to identify and understand those VSP functionalities relevant to commercial communications. We elaborate the creator-facing, advertiser-facing and user-facing functionalities found in a sample of thirteen VSPs by examining company documentation, and systematic testing through use, triangulated through semi-structured key informant interviews. Based on analysis of these commercial communications functionalities and the contractual relationships governing their use, we identify four purchasing pathways, each of which reveals roles played by stakeholders and distinct points of control. We therefore argue that the concept of functionality, which captures the platform design elements and the acceptance of a value proposition by various kinds of users, can be useful in distributing co-operative responsibility within dynamic, polycentric co-regulation and informing systems for enforcing procedural accountability.
The AVMSD as a harmonized approach to moderating hate speech?
Authors: Barker Kim
Published: January 2022

While the EU Commission has set its sights on much broader online content regulation through the Digital Services Act (DSA), and the ongoing reforms to the eCommerce Directive (eCD), the AudioVisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) is set to play a role in online hate regulation for content on video-sharing platforms (VSPs). The challenges though are greater than fitting within the DSA agenda and include particular barriers from national content moderation laws across various member-states, together with a fragmented umbrella of pan-European content regulation mechanisms. The convergence in timing of the AVMSD transposition, the draft DSA and the reform of the eCD (and its liability shield) offers a unique opportunity to assess the implications of harmonized content moderation responsibilities for hate speech from 2020 and beyond. This article explores the AVMSD, DSA and eCD as a ‘trend’, before discussing the impact of the reformulated AVMSD on VSPs and their efforts to tackle online hate. It argues that the AVMSD is an underappreciated tool in the increasingly harmonized approach to moderating online hate speech, but also a trigger-point for the new EU trend towards tackling platform power.
Who’s sovereign? The AVMSD’s country of origin principle and video-sharing platforms
Authors: Cavaliere Paolo
Published: January 2022

This article aims to discuss the impact of the expansion of the country of origin principle to video-sharing digital platforms, and how this contributes to a new paradigm of centralized governance of online media content in Europe. Compared to other jurisdictional regimes in the fields of data protection, intellectual property and personality rights, where other country of receipt and targeting tests are utilized, the case of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) demonstrates the emergence of a split governance model between individual rights and public interests, which fails to protect adequately local cultural and social specificities in the media sphere.
Reclaiming digital democracy: A need for inauguration of regulated digital sovereignty
Authors: Furnémont Jean-François , Rokša-Zubčević Asja
Published: January 2022

The commentary argues that self-regulatory mechanisms for dealing with the gravity and severity of current dangers from enormous and wealthy online platforms and offers are not sufficient and instead offers a view on functionally merging various initiatives, such as the Audiovisual Media Services Directive and the proposed Digital Services Act, outlining a proposal for allowing their constructive vertical and horizontal operationalism, having in mind the transnational nature of online services. It argues that the institute of National Digital Services Coordinators should be established in the form of national digital forums headed by media regulatory authorities, with competition, election and data-protection national authorities, vertically supported and consulted with the media/fact-checkers and academia. The proposed structure should be there not to protect any singular interest, but everyone’s collective interests, and the proposed functioning scheme recognizes the regulatory and advisory system with vertical and horizontal integration of the identified players. In place of naïveté in expecting dramatic and revolutionary response to addressing the problems and dangers in the online media environment, this commentary attempted to offer practical solutions to retaining the basic premise of democracy, while maintaining the vital importance of the right to freedom of expression.
Is there no place like home? Women’s quest for their place in Maura Delpero’s cinema
Authors: Bellocchio Maria Letizia
Published: January 2022

This article is the first academic study on the Italian filmmaker Maura Delpero and analyses her fiction film Hogar (Maternal) (2019) and documentaries Signori Professori (‘Professors’) (2008) and Nadea e Sveta (‘Nadea and Sveta’) (2012). The three films are discussed individually and also through a comparative analysis that investigates the modes of filmic representation of the female search for a place in the world, thematic and stylistic recurring elements and dynamics between fiction and non-fiction filmmaking in Delpero’s works. Discussion of Delpero’s films is augmented with the director’s own reflections on her work as expressed in an interview the article author conducted in May 2020.
Emilia y las invisibles: For a feminist management of audio-visual heritage
Authors: Lombardi María Eugenia
Published: January 2022

Emilia Saleny (1894–1978) was the first woman film director in Argentina. She belonged to the Italian immigrant community that settled in the country during the First World War. Saleny directed her first film in 1915, the year in which she also founded the first academy for film technicians and actors in South America. The only film of hers that has been preserved is El pañuelo de Clarita (‘The handkerchief of Clarita’) (1918). This article takes her life and work to dispute the conception of the androcentric field as a hegemonic discourse where women are not named. Starting from Saleny’s story is important when trying to understand the contributions of feminist theories to the visibility of women film pioneers. This insight into her story intends to offer a perspective on the symbolic dispute around the imaginaries of women and the feminine.
Aldo Francia and Italian neorealism: A Latin American filmmaker and a creative affiliation
Authors: Aguilera Mora Mauricio Kevin
Published: January 2022

This article first analyses how and why Italian neorealism was a catalyst for the emergence of other national cinemas in Latin America. It also delves into the case of the creation of a new cinematographic culture in Chile, where the filmmaker Aldo Francia served as one of its main promoters and for whom neorealist cinema was a preponderantly important reference. Subsequently, the article examines the complex relationship that Francia established with neorealism in his work. In this sense, one of his films, Valparaíso, mi amor (Valparaiso My Love) () is analysed and put into dialogue with other neorealist films, to determine the intertextual relationships that the film establishes with neorealist cinema, and thus, to delimit what is the neorealist heritage in the film, and, to understand how he radicalized and appropriated a foreign aesthetic to create his own aesthetic proposal based on Chilean context.
Knowing everything: Interview with Maura Delpero
Authors: Bellocchio Maria Letizia
Published: January 2022

In this interview, Italian filmmaker Maura Delpero reflects on her career and the filmmaking process for the fiction film Hogar (Maternal) () about teenage motherhood in a Buenos Aires religious centre, as well as on her three documentaries: Moglie e buoi dei paesi tuoi (‘Choose your wife and oxen from your own town’) () about couples from different cultural backgrounds in South Tyrol, Italy; Signori professori (‘Professors’) () about the Italian school system and Nadea e Sveta (‘Nadea and Sveta’) () about female eastern European immigrants in Italy. Delpero discusses the differences and similarities between her non-fiction and fiction films, exploring topics such as the preparatory work, the storyboard, the timeframe, the locations, working with professional and non-professional actors, film techniques and production issues.
La importancia del contexto comunitario en la intervención con la familia: una revisión sistemática desde el trabajo social
Authors: Del Pino García Jonay , Díaz Bolaños Carmen Delia
Published: January 2022

Introducción. En el artículo que aquí se presenta se realiza una investigación, que persigue analizar diferentes estudios realizados que ponen en relación las influencias del contexto comunitario, la familia, el desarrollo y bienestar de los individuos desde la óptica del trabajo social proporcionando una serie de aspectos que deben ser evaluados para determinar cuál es el grado de relación entre ellos. Para ello se concretan tres objetivos específicos: 1) analizar los métodos y técnicas e instrumentos de investigación utilizados, 2) conocer las teorías que fundamentan la investigación comunidad-familia-bienestar, 3) destacar los resultados primordiales de la producción científica existente. Metodología. Ha sido una revisión sistemática utilizando la base de datos Web of Science, exportando unos resultados (N=1064) publicados en la última década de producción (2011 y 2021). Se ha utilizado el protocolo PRISMA 2016 para mejorar la integridad del informe de las revisiones sistemáticas con el fin de proporcionar rigurosidad y calidad a la presente investigación. Con la aplicación de los criterios de elegibilidad se revisan los principales hallazgos (N=31). Resultados. Los principales resultados aportan unos análisis centrales sobre la influencia de los contextos comunitarios en el desarrollo y bienestar de los individuos. Se determina que la relación entre la comunidad y la familia inciden en el desarrollo humano y en el bienestar social. Discusión. Se detecta que hay estudios que analizan el papel de la familia como contexto de desarrollo y bienestar subjetivo, puesto que hay análisis que se centran en los efectos que produce el contexto comunitario donde está inmersa la familia y los individuos. Por lo tanto, se proporciona evidencias de la importancia del contexto comunitario en el desarrollo individual y familiar, dado que implica importantes cambios relacionados con el proceso de socialización, en la reducción de problemas infantiles y familiares, mejores resultados en la salud, etc. Conclusiones. Se recogen sugerencias para plantear futuras investigaciones, así como los elementos más importantes que se deben tener en cuenta para la intervención en el trabajo social como puede ser la evaluación de la comunidad y la calidad de sus barrios/vecindarios. Se confirma que las escalas es el instrumento más utilizado para la medición de esta interrelación y el marco teórico de todas estas investigaciones revisadas tienen en común la fundamentación de la teoría ecológica. Además, se recomienda la posibilidad de realizar un metaanálisis de las producciones científicas que intervienen en esta investigación.
Comparison Between Germinating Parameters of Basils (Ocimum Basilicum L.) and Pumpkin (Cucurbita Pepo L.) Under Drought Stress Conditions
Authors: Ashraf Faiza , Zargar Tahoora Batool , Veres Szilvia
Published: January 2022

Drought stress is becoming an intimidating obstacle to global agriculture in the 21st century, creating major food security challenges. Drought-sensitive crops, in particular, to which pumpkin and basils belong, reduce yield potentials. Lack of water can inhibit germination of sown seeds and manipulate germination parameters. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of drought stress, induced by (polyethylene glycol) (PEG), on some germination parameters (germination percentage, germination energy, germination rate index, mean germination time and root elongation) of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). The PEG concentration in both species was (2.5%) along with a control treatment (nutrient solution), on both species in three replicates of every treatment. Germinated seeds were counted every day at the same time, and the daily associated root elongation was measured by using a regular ruler. Each stage was considered finished when the average hypocotyl of the control treatment reached 3 cm long. Pumpkin took nearly 7 days to reach maximum root elongation, whereas basils took 8 days but failed to reach around 1.5cm root length and died. The results showed that basil seeds were extremely sensitive to water deprivation and could not germinate in 2.5% PEG solution, whereas pumpkin seeds germinated well in 2.5% PEG solution. It was found that the PEG treatment reduced germination by 25% in the case of pumpkin, whereas basils could not germinate well and the PEG treatment reduced germination by 75%. It demonstrates that pumpkins can withstand drought stress better than basils.
Lisdexamfetamine-Induced Ischemic Colitis
Authors: El Joud Karim Abou , Abbasi Misha , Alajati Bana
Published: January 2022

Gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to ischemic colitis (IC) is relatively infrequent. Drug-related etiologies of nonocclusive IC are very rare. Sympathomimetics have been reported to cause IC, with most cases being associated with the illicit use of amphetamines and methamphetamines. There are also a few reported cases of prescription dextroamphetamine-linked IC. However, there are no reported cases of lisdexamfetamine-linked IC. We exhibit a 32-year-old woman presenting with hematochezia after the use of lisdexamfetamine. Colonoscopy findings in this patient were suggestive of IC. In the absence of risk factors, the cause was attributed to the usage of lisdexamfetamine. The patient was managed conservatively and advised to discontinue the medication.
Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Gastrojejunostomy for Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction in a Patient With a Previous Liver Transplant and Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: On Wei , Huggett Matthew T. , Upasani Vivek , Paranandi Bharat
Published: January 2022

A 29-year-old man underwent a liver transplant 5 years earlier for primary sclerosing cholangitis and a subsequent completion pancreaticoduodenectomy after the discovery of a cholangiocarcinoma on histological analysis of his explant. He presented with gastric outlet obstruction secondary to recurrent peritoneal malignant disease–causing extrinsic compression at the gastroenterostomy site. After multidisciplinary team discussions, an endoscopic ultrasound–guided gastrojejunostomy was performed, resulting in technical and clinical success. We report the first application of endoscopic ultrasound–guided gastrojejunostomy in a patient with the aforementioned postsurgical anatomy.
‘The Victim of Death-Rays from Mars’: An Evaluation of ‘gap-filling’ in Tchaikovsky Biographies
Authors: Ong Nicholas
Published: January 2022

This article assesses the perils of biography through two contentious events in the life of nineteenth-century Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840–93). Investigations into the historical often mandate that biographers ‘fill the gap’ in the narratives they are to construct when met with an absence of unequivocal traces, thus rendering the prized truth rather elusive. This has been particularly so for Tchaikovsky whose death – the first of the events studied in this article – has sparked an immediate debate that remains unabated in modern-day music research. The second exploration concerns the sudden cessation of Tchaikovsky’s patron Nadezhda von Meck which had implications for biographers’ narrative rendering of the relationship dynamics between composer and patron. Rather than seeking to establish the ‘truth’, this article concerns itself with the function that the events serve in the overarching narrative presented by the numerous biographers.
Kittlitz’s Murrelet Seasonal Distribution and Post-breeding Migration from the Gulf of Alaska to the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Piatt John F. , Douglas David C. , Arimitsu Mayumi L. , Kissling Michelle L. , Madison Erica N. , Schoen Sarah K. , Kuletz Kathy J. , Drew Gary S.
Published: January 2022

Kittlitz’s Murrelets (Brachyramphus brevirostris) nest during summer in glaciated or recently deglaciated (post-Wisconsin) landscapes. They forage in adjacent marine waters, especially those influenced by glacial meltwater. Little is known of their movements and distribution outside the breeding season. To identify post-breeding migrations of murrelets, we attached satellite transmitters to birds (n = 47) captured at sea in the Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands during May – July 2009 – 15 and tracked 27 birds that migrated from capture areas. Post-breeding murrelets migrated toward the Bering Sea, with short periods of movement (median 2 d) separated by short stopovers (median 1 d). Travel speeds averaged 79.4 km d-1 (83.5 SD, 449.1 maximum). Five Kittlitz’s Murrelets tagged in Prince William Sound in May migrated to the Bering Sea by August and four continued north to the Arctic Ocean, logging 2500 – 4000 km of travel. Many birds spent 2‒3 weeks with little movement along coasts of the Alaska Peninsula or eastern Bering Sea during late August through September, also the pre-basic molt period. Ship-based surveys, many of which were conducted concurrently with our telemetry studies, confirmed that substantial numbers of Kittlitz’s Murrelets migrate into the Arctic Ocean during autumn. They also revealed that some birds spend winter and spring in the Bering Sea in association with ice-edge, polynya, or marginal ice zone habitats before returning to summer breeding grounds. We conclude that this species is best characterized as a sub-Arctic and Arctic species, which has implications for future risk assessments and threat mitigation.
REDD+ benefit sharing in Ethiopia: policy and stakeholder perceptions analysis
Authors: Pham T.T. , Moeliono M. , Dwisatrio B. , Yuwono J. , Atmadja S.
Published: January 2022

Current Ethiopian policies and laws recognize the importance of equitable benefit-sharing mechanisms for natural resource management. The question of 'what is fair' is often unclear in practice. We pursue this question in the context of benefit sharing for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation
and Forest Degradation (REDD+) in Ethiopia. We present findings from interviews conducted in 2017 with 33 national REDD+ actors, and a review of national policies and laws until 2020 to understand Ethiopia's policy and legal framework, and vision for a REDD+ benefit-sharing mechanism. Our
findings show that Ethiopia is progressing in developing a benefit-sharing mechanism (BSM) for REDD+. Government policies on benefit sharing are pro-poor with an emphasis on legal rights. Among the various concepts of fairness, more stakeholders agreed that benefits should be shared according
to efforts made to reduce deforestation and forest degradation rather than being based on poverty or legal rights. Left unattended, we believe this divergence of opinion on 'what is fair' opens the potential for questions regarding the legitimacy of the REDD+ BSM among stakeholders in general
and can pose practical implementation challenges. We suggest that establishing open dialogue, learning mechanisms and inclusive processes can lead to regulations, policies and procedures that clarify and harmonize the different views on fairness over time.
Maritime pine land use environmental impact evolution in the context of life cycle assessment
Authors: Ferreira José , Esteves Bruno , Cruz-Lopes Luísa P. , Domingos Idalina
Published: January 2022

Between 2005 and 2015, the forest area occupied by maritime pine trees in Continental Portugal decreased by about 10.6%, and the existing volume decreased by about 18.4% mainly due to fires and pests (e.g., nematode) that occurred during this period. The purpose of this study was to study the evolution of the land use environmental impact of 1 m3 of maritime pine, standing in Portuguese forest, during that period using the model by Milà i Canals based on soil organic matter measured by soil organic carbon. Results show that the land use impact category increased from 16,812 kg C deficit in 2005 to 18,423 kg C deficit in 2015. Land transformation to forest roads is the main contribution for land use impact representing 54% of the total value followed by land occupation as forest that represents about 40%.
Party like a Sumerian: reinterpreting the ‘sceptres’ from the Maikop kurgan
Authors: Trifonov Viktor , Petrov Denis , Savelieva Larisa
Published: January 2022

The Bronze Age Maikop kurgan is one of the most richly furnished prehistoric burial mounds in the northern Caucasus. Its excavation in 1897 yielded a set of gold and silver tubes with elaborate tips and decorative bull figurines. Interpretations of these tubes include their use as sceptres and as poles to support a canopy. Re-examination of these objects, however, suggests they were used as tubes for the communal drinking of beer, with integral filters to remove impurities. If correct, these objects represent the earliest material evidence of drinking through long tubes—a practice that became common during feasts in the third and second millennia BC in the ancient Near East.
Mouse Lines with Cre-Mediated Recombination in Retinal Amacrine Cells
Authors: Göz Aytürk Didem , You Wenjia , Cepko Constance L.
Published: January 2022

Amacrine cells (ACs) are the most diverse neuronal cell type in the vertebrate retina. Yet little is known about the contribution of ACs to visual processing and retinal disease. A major challenge in evaluating AC function is genetic accessibility. A classic tool of mouse genetics, Cre-mediated recombination, can provide such access. We have screened existing genetically-modified mouse strains and identified multiple candidates that express Cre-recombinase in subsets of retinal ACs. The Cre-expressing mice were crossed to fluorescent-reporter mice to assay Cre expression. In addition, a Cre-dependent fluorescent reporter plasmid was electroporated into the subretinal space of Cre strains. Herein, we report three mouse lines (Tac1::IRES-cre,Camk2a-cre, andScx-cre) that express Cre recombinase in sub-populations of ACs. In two of these lines, recombination occurred in multiple AC types and a small number of other retinal cell types, while recombination in theCamk2a-creline appears specific to a morphologically distinct AC. We anticipate that these characterized mouse lines will be valuable tools to the community of researchers who study retinal biology and disease.
KIFC1 Regulates the Trajectory of Neuronal Migration
Authors: Muralidharan Hemalatha , Guha Shrobona , Madugula Kiran , Patil Ankita , Bennison Sarah A. , Sun Xiaohuan , Toyo-oka Kazuhito , Baas Peter W.
Published: January 2022

During neuronal migration, forces generated by cytoplasmic dynein yank on microtubules extending from the centrosome into the leading process and move the nucleus along microtubules that extend behind the centrosome. Scaffolds, such as radial glia, guide neuronal migration outward from the ventricles, but little is known about the internal machinery that ensures that the soma migrates along its proper path rather than moving backward or off the path. Here we report that depletion of KIFC1, a minus-end-directed kinesin called HSET in humans, causes neurons to migrate off their appropriate path, suggesting that this molecular motor is what ensures fidelity of the trajectory of migration. For these studies, we used rat migratory neuronsin vitroand developing mouse brainin vivo, together with RNA interference and ectopic expression of mutant forms of KIFC1. We found that crosslinking of microtubules into a nonsliding mode by KIFC1 is necessary for dynein-driven forces to achieve sufficient traction to thrust the soma forward. Asymmetric bouts of microtubule sliding driven by KIFC1 thereby enable the soma to tilt in one direction or another, thus providing midcourse corrections that keep the neuron on its appropriate trajectory. KIFC1-driven sliding of microtubules further assists neurons in remaining on their appropriate path by allowing the nucleus to rotate directionally as it moves, which is consistent with how we found that KIFC1 contributes to interkinetic nuclear migration at an earlier stage of neuronal development.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTResolving the mechanisms of neuronal migration is medically important because many developmental disorders of the brain involve flaws in neuronal migration and because deployment of newly born neurons may be important in the adult for cognition and memory. Drugs that inhibit KIFC1 are candidates for chemotherapy and therefore should be used with caution if they are allowed to enter the brain.
New York City greenhouse gas emissions estimated with inverse modeling of aircraft measurements
Authors: Pitt Joseph R. , Lopez-Coto Israel , Hajny Kristian D. , Tomlin Jay , Kaeser Robert , Jayarathne Thilina , Stirm Brian H. , Floerchinger Cody R. , Loughner Christopher P. , Gately Conor K. , Hutyra Lucy R. , Gurney Kevin R. , Roest Geoffrey S. , Liang Jianming , Gourdji Sharon , Karion Anna , Whetstone James R. , Shepson Paul B.
Published: January 2022

Cities are greenhouse gas emission hot spots, making them targets for emission reduction policies. Effective emission reduction policies must be supported by accurate and transparent emissions accounting. Top-down approaches to emissions estimation, based on atmospheric greenhouse gas measurements, are an important and complementary tool to assess, improve, and update the emission inventories on which policy decisions are based and assessed. In this study, we present results from 9 research flights measuring CO2 and CH4 around New York City during the nongrowing seasons of 2018–2020. We used an ensemble of dispersion model runs in a Bayesian inverse modeling framework to derive campaign-average posterior emission estimates for the New York–Newark, NJ, urban area of (125 ± 39) kmol CO2 s–1 and (0.62 ± 0.19) kmol CH4 s–1 (reported as mean ± 1σ variability across the nine flights). We also derived emission estimates of (45 ± 18) kmol CO2 s–1 and (0.20 ± 0.07) kmol CH4 s–1 for the 5 boroughs of New York City. These emission rates, among the first top-down estimates for New York City, are consistent with inventory estimates for CO2 but are 2.4 times larger than the gridded EPA CH4 inventory, consistent with previous work suggesting CH4 emissions from cities throughout the northeast United States are currently underestimated.
Lymph node ratio is superior to AJCC N stage for predicting recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Parvathareddy Sandeep Kumar , Siraj Abdul K , Qadri Zeeshan , Ahmed Saeeda O , DeVera Felisa , Al-Sobhi Saif , Al-Dayel Fouad , Al-Kuraya Khawla S
Published: January 2022

Objective

Recently, lymph node ratio (LNR) has emerged as an alternative to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) N stage, with superior prognostic value. The utility of LNR in Middle Eastern papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains unknown. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed a large cohort of 1407 PTC patients for clinicopathological associations of LNR.

Methods

Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to determine the cut-off for LNR. We also performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine whether LNR or AJCC N stage was superior in predicting recurrence in PTC.

Results

Based on ROC curve analysis, a cut-off of 0.15 was chosen for LNR. High LNR was significantly associated with adverse clinicopathological characteristics such as male sex, extrathyroidal extension, lymphovascular invasion, multifocality, bilateral tumors, T4 tumors, lateral lymph node (N1b) involvement, distant metastasis, advanced tumor stage, American Thyroid Association (ATA) high-risk category and tumor recurrence. On multivariate analysis, we found that LNR was a better predictor of tumor recurrence than AJCC N stage (odds ratio: 1.96 vs 1.30; P value: 0.0184 vs 0.3831). We also found that LNR combined with TNM stage and ATA risk category improved the prediction of recurrence-free survival, compared to TNM stage or ATA risk category alone.

Conclusions

The present study suggests LNR is an independent predictor of recurrence in Middle Eastern PTC. Integration of LNR with 8th edition AJCC TNM staging system and ATA risk stratification will improve the accuracy to predict recurrence in Middle Eastern PTC and help in tailoring treatment and surveillance strategies in these patients.
A educação na encruzilhada
Authors: Oliveira Luã Karll
Published: January 2022

As diferentes civilizações atravessaram no transcorrer da história graves crises estruturais que expuseram as debilidades humanas, por muitas vezes, evidenciadas através do agravamento dos problemas sociais, como as desigualdades, a intensificação da barbárie, da pobreza, da miséria, da violência e tantas outras mazelas. Com efeito, a pandemia nos faz vivenciar um novo contexto, definido por um período de grave crise sanitária que reverbera nas diversas dimensões da vida humana e contribui para o aprofundamento das desigualdades socioespaciais numa escala planetária. À luz dessa perspectiva, o presente artigo tem o intento de abordar acerca dos aspectos relacionados a educação, com ênfase para o ensino de Geografia, refletindo como este segmento da sociedade se expressa em face da psicoesfera criada pelo momento de instabilidade decorrente do contexto atual. Logo, a percepção que nos conduz a está análise tem fundamento em duas questões centrais. A primeira versa sobre a consolidação das práticas educativas como fator de reprodução do sistema capitalista; e a segunda, trata sobre o ensino de Geografia e o papel docente no processo formativo dos sujeitos no pós-pandemia.
Informe de la Conferencia Temática UGI - IGU “Las Geografías de la Paz”, Bolivia 2017
Authors: Delgado Estrada Juan Manuel
Published: January 2022

La geografía generalmente ha sido acusada de ser útil sobre todo para hacer la guerra. Por el contrario, puede ofrecer una amplia gama de contribuciones a la construcción de la paz y la solución de conflictos socioterritoriales de diversas escalas nacionales o locales. Las “Geografías Por la Paz” del 2017 fue una conferencia temática de la Unión Geográfica Internacional, que tuvo como objetivo si es posible desde una entrada transdiciplinaria su estudio, en este sentido, desde el punto de vista histórico y el papel de las actividades que construyen socialmente el espacio de la “Paz” como la educación, cultura, política, economía o el turismo, pues para el análisis sociopolítico de la guerra y la paz es necesario realizar ese ejercicio de la medición del poder y su impacto en el territorio multiescalar. Realizar esta reseña o comentario del evento del 2017, lo consideramos muy relevante y actual por la coyuntura que se vive en plena pandemia de la Covid – 19 a escala global y local, que es una disputa entre el estado y el virus Sars Cov-2 del territorio a través del terror (territor) o territorialidad/desterritorialidad que nos hace recordar esa liminalidad entre la Paz y la Guerra. Así mismo, nos visibiliza la importancia de los eventos académicos de la UGI y su influencia en el pensamiento geográfico de los países receptores del evento, los antecedentes y las coyunturas que se dan en el antes, durante o después de eventos de estas características, posibles legados y criticas al respecto de esta actividad académica como fue la Conferencia Temática UGI Bolivia 2017.
Uso de software libre y de código abierto para la identificación de lineamientos estructurales y realce de estructuras geológicas
Authors: Puma Enriquez Yessenia , López Abanto Wilson , Mamani Laura Yenifer , Lozano  Flores Diana , Nuñez Muñoz Johan Angel
Published: January 2022

El objetivo principal de este estudio consiste en el uso de software libre y de código abierto para identificar lineamientos estructurales y el realce de estructuras geológicas, sin la necesidad de usar softwares comerciales. En este estudio se utilizó un modelo de elevación digital (DEM) con una resolución de 12.5 m ALOS PALSAR, sobre el cual se aplicaron distintas técnicas de visualización de relieve obteniendo lineamientos estructurales y realce de estructuras geológicas (posibles fallas), además se realizaron gráficos de rosetas e histogramas, con ayuda de software libre y de código abierto como son QGIS 3.4.12, SAGA GIS, Stereonet y OpenStereo. Los lineamientos se analizaron mediante la frecuencia de azimut, usando diferentes métodos; Sombreamiento multidireccional, Sombreamiento con variación de luz cada 30°, Sombras combinadas, Mapa de Imagen de Relieve Rojo; y finalmente se realizó la obtención y procesamiento de lineamientos estructurales con cada técnica de visualización, se obtuvieron 745 con la técnica de sombreamiento multidireccional, 1173 por sombreamiento con variación de luz cada 30°, 736 y 749 por las sombras combinadas 1 y 2 respectivamente y 139 estructuras geológicas que representan fallas inferidas con la técnica de Mapa de Imagen de Relieve Rojo (RRIM); los cuales indican una tendencia en dirección andina NW-SE. Para complementar la interpretación se generaron gráficos de rosetas e histogramas para cada tipo de método, que al compararlas se encontraron 6 tendencias generales; se observa que las tendencias obtenidas en los diferentes procesos presentan similitud con la dirección de las fallas regionales presentes en la zona de estudio. Se concluye que las técnicas utilizadas son fiables, útiles y complementarias entre sí, para reconocer, analizar, determinar e interpretar lineamientos estructurales en una etapa de pre-campo con ayuda de Software libre y de código abierto.
Programa de calidad para cumplimiento de NI-43101 en exploración de proyecto de carbón antracita
Authors: Carrasco Rodríguez Marco David , Mayorga Rojas Jaime César
Published: January 2022

Los Programas de Calidad (PDC) son indispensables para el éxito de los objetivos de los proyectos mineros. Estos se componen del plan de gestión de la calidad, gestión y aseguramiento de la calidad (QA) y control de la calidad (QC). Son una herramienta implementada por las empresas mineras con el fin de contar con información valida que permita elaborar los estudios de estimación de recursos y estimación de reservas. La Norma Internacional NI 43101 contiene los lineamientos para la elaboración de los reportes destinados a bolsas de valores, documentos necesarios para el estudio de factibilidad bancaria y para generar valor en las propiedades de las empresas mineras. El contenido de la norma se aplica a la elaboración del Programa de Calidad y así pueda ser implementado durante las actividades de un proyecto minero tales como geología de campo, campañas de perforación, estudios geotécnicos, hidrogeológicos, hidrológicos, topografía, seguridad, evaluaciones ambientales y estudios de agua. En ese sentido, el Programa de Calidad requiere personal altamente especializado y es parte de las políticas y procedimientos de las empresas mineras.
Estudio de la interacción química y bactericida de las nanopartículas de óxido de zinc frente a Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Zegarra Pumacayo Jorge Luis , Osorio Anaya Ana María , Erazo Erazo Raymundo , Blas Rodriguez Fanny , Ninan Manga Efraín Oscar , Cornejo Sanchez Oscar Alberto , Manrique Fajardo Joaquín Joaquín
Published: January 2022

Las aguas de los ríos, mares y lagunas contaminadas por diversas fuentes ya sea de origen natural o antropogénica, contienen sustancias contaminantes, entre ellas presentan alta carga bacteriana, que no posibilita el consumo humano por generar daños a la salud humana. Por ello, la investigación realizada presenta el estudio del efecto fotocatalítico de las nanopartículas de óxido de zinc (ZnONPS) como su mecanismo de interacción bioquímica con la consiguiente formación de las especies reactivas del oxígeno (ERO) y con ello proponer la interpretación de su posterior efecto bactericida al generar daño celular en las bacterias Staphylococcus aureus. Según los resultados obtenidos en un trabajo piloto experimental se reportó la disminución de la formación de colonias evaluado a través del método de cultivo en placa, y se determinó que la concentración de 10-4 g de ZnONPs/mL (sintetizadas por el método de la precipitación) de tamaño aproximado de 29 nm frente a las bacterias Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 presentó una cantidad menor a 1 UFC/g al concluir el análisis.
Características poblacionales y su influencia sobre áreas verdes urbanas, Chilca, Lima
Authors: Malca-Casavilca Nora , Cabrera-Carranza Carlos , Espinoza-Pereyra Marcos , Cachi-Alanya Eufemia
Published: January 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer la interacción desde la visión cultural, económico-social y de distribución de espacios verdes en Chilca, Cañete. La investigación es básica, no experimental, para levantar información se empleó la encuesta, la cual se aplicó en campo por espacio de 24 meses. Los resultados demostraron que, a pesar de cambios por el desarrollo industrial en distribución de espacios verdes, en la visión cultural y las características económico-sociales no influyen en los espacios verdes del distrito. Lo destacable fue escuchar de algunos encuestados sus conocimiento sobre la zonificación y lo útil que sería desarrollar proyectos en el distrito basados en esta con la finalidad de recuperar y conservar sus espacios naturales.
La Formación Heath y su rol como Roca Madre de los entrampamientos de hidrocarburos de la cuenca Tumbes
Authors: Valencia Cárdenas Kiko Harold , Guadalupe Gómez Enrique , Chung Ching Juan
Published: January 2022

Se realizó la evaluación de las características geoquímicas de la Formación Heath de la cuenca Tumbes, para evaluar su rol como Roca Madre de los entrampamientos descubiertos en la cuenca. Se utilizaron 84 muestras entre recortes de perforación y afloramiento. La cantidad de materia orgánica presente indica una clasificación de moderada a buena Roca Madre con un valor estadístico representativo (Media) de 0.93 % de TOC. La calidad de materia orgánica proviene principalmente de kerógenos Tipo II y III, es decir útil para generar hidrocarburos líquidos y gaseosos. El estado de madurez térmica sugiere en general que, en las zonas muestreadas, la Fm. Heath se encuentra inmadura, excepto por algunas muestras provenientes de pozos costa afuera, lo cual es consistente con la información geológica y geofísica que apuntan hacia la presencia de las mejores condiciones de madurez en zonas más profundas de la cuenca como por ejemplo frente a las costas de las localidades de Cancas y Tumbes. Por otra parte, la comparación de biomarcadores de un petróleo representativo de la zona norte de la cuenca Talara y dos extractos de rocas del sur de la cuenca Tumbes indican una correlación homogénea por lo que se acepta como correlación Petróleo-Roca Madre positiva.
Campo cultural y la sociedad editora amauta. La otra aventura de José Carlos Mariátegui
Authors: Gonzales Alvarado Osmar
Published: January 2022

En las siguientes páginas, el autor describe y analiza el papel de la Sociedad Editora Amauta fundada en Lima, en 1926, por los hermanos José Carlos y Julio César Mariátegui, tanto para influir en el debate intelectual, artístico e ideológico como para impactar en el poco expandido mercado del objeto impreso, gracias a la impresión de la revista Amauta y de un conjunto de libros, de manera primordial. Para lograr sus propósitos, los hermanos empresarios tejerían una amplia red de agentes distribuida por gran parte del territorio nacional, así como un sistema de alianzas con algunos editores y autores del extranjero.
Institutional Support for Families Taising Children with Disabilities in the Context of Social Inclusion: Analysis of Children’s Day Centers
Authors: Gardziulevičienė Laura
Published: January 2022

The article examines the availability of institutional support for families raising children with disabilities. The aim of the study is to identify opportunities for social inclusion of children with disabilities in the children’s day center. Families raising children with disabilities are unable to function fully in public life due to the lack of access to services. Access to services and assistance, for the most vulnerable groups, depends on the attitude of state social policy makers, financial resources, cooperation, public involvement and, ultimately, the family’s own readiness to participate in public life. The methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparative analysis of scientific literature were used in the research.
The research revealed that the mechanism of children’s day care centers operating in Lithuania does not correspond to the model of creating an inclusive environment. Therefore, political decisions are needed on the development of services and the development of social inclusion at both the state and municipal levels, taking into account the needs of families raising children with disabilities. The practical significance of the study is that the study is useful for improving the accessibility of social services for families with children with disabilities and developing the concept of social inclusion.