bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiworking Conditions Anomaly Detection of Mechanical System Based on Conditional Variational Auto-Encoder
Authors: Lei Wenping , Li Chenyang , Dong Xinmin , Wang Junhui , Liu Huajie
Published: February 2023

Existing anomaly detection models of mechanical systems often face challenges for the equipment under multiple working conditions: the learning model under a single working condition is challenging to adapt to new working conditions, and centralized learning of multicondition samples leads to too low detection accuracy. A multiworking condition variational auto-encoder (MW-CVAE) is proposed to solve the problem. Based on the variational auto-encoder model, the working conditions of the equipment are regarded as the input. The anomaly evaluation threshold of each independent working condition is established by the centralized learning of normal multiworking condition samples. At the same time, it is found that the representation of each working condition sample in the space of the hidden layer forms a distribution close to the prior probability, providing a theoretical basis for the separation and evaluation of working conditions. By comparing and verifying the CWRU, JNU, and PU datasets, the new method significantly improves anomaly detection (the F1-score value is increased by 18-19%) and can be widely used in anomaly detection mechanical systems with various discrete working conditions.
A Systematic Review on the Occurrence of Antimicrobial‐Resistant Escherichia coli in Poultry and Poultry Environments in Bangladesh between 2010 and 2021
Authors: Islam Md. Saiful , Hossain Md. Jannat , Sobur Md. Abdus , Punom Sadia Afrin , Rahman A. M. M. Taufiquer , Rahman Md. Tanvir
Published: February 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant public health issue in Bangladesh like many other developing countries where data on resistance trends are scarce. Moreover, the existence of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli exerts an ominous effect on the poultry sector. Therefore, the current systematic review, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, was conducted to find out the AMR scenarios in E. coli isolates sourced from poultry and poultry environments in Bangladesh between 2010 and 2021. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a total of 17 published scientific articles were selected for this systematic review. This review revealed that 18 out of 64 districts in Bangladesh reported E. coli in poultry, having a higher prevalence (combined prevalence: 69.3%, 95% confidence interval, CI: 67.3‐71%). Moreover, the prevalence ranged from 24.3% to 100%. This review found that E. coli isolates showed resistance to 14 antimicrobial classes and 45 different antimicrobial agents, including the last‐line (reserve group) antibiotics and banned antimicrobial categories for the treatment of infections in agricultural animals. Phenotypic resistance of E. coli against penicillins and beta‐lactamase inhibitors (20.2%‐100%), cephalosporins (1.9%‐100%), fluoroquinolones (5.98%‐100%), aminoglycosides (6%‐100%), tetracyclines (17.7%‐100%), carbapenems (13.6%‐72.7%), macrolides (11.8%‐100%), polymyxins (7.9%‐100%), phenicols (20%‐97.2%), sulfa drugs (44.7%‐100%), cephamycins (21.4%‐48.8%), nitrofurans (21.4%‐63.2%), monobactams (1.2%), and glycylcyclines (2.3%) was recorded in the last decades in Bangladesh. Also, 14 articles reported MDR E. coli in poultry, including a 100% MDR in nine articles and a 92.7% (95% CI: 91.2‐94%) combined percentage of MDR E. coli isolates. Twenty‐four different AMR genes encoding resistance to beta‐lactams (blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-9, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-47, blaSHV, and CITM), colistin (mcr1 and mcr3), fluoroquinolones (qnrB and qnrS), tetracyclines (tetA, tetB, and tetC), sulfonamides (sulI and sulII), trimethoprim (dfrA1), aminoglycosides (rmtB), streptomycin (aadA1), gentamicin (aac-3-IV), erythromycin (ereA), and chloramphenicol (catA1 and cmlA) were detected in E. coli isolates. The presence of MDR E. coli and their corresponding resistance genes in poultry and poultry environments is an alarming issue for all health communities in Bangladesh. We suggest a regular antimicrobial surveillance program with a strong One Health approach to lessen the hazardous effects of AMR E. coli in poultry industries in Bangladesh.
A Visual SLAM Approach to Deeply Explore the Spatial Constraints in Indoor Environment Based on the Manhattan Hypothesis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoguo , Li Shangzhe , Liu Qihan , Liu Pengfei , Wang Qing
Published: February 2023

It is a major challenge for a visual SLAM system to maintain a highly precise and robust mapping and localization ability in an environment with low texture. In this paper, a bundle adjustment method for deeply exploring the spatial constraints based on the Manhattan hypothesis is proposed. First, an energy function for filtering the feature set and segmenting the point cloud is given, and a semantic graph is formed with the minimum energy. Then, a novel factor graph for back‐end bundle adjustment is designed to include points, edges, planes, and spatial constraints to improve the stability and positioning accuracy of the system. After that, the corresponding error items of those spatial constraints for bundle adjustment are designed according to the Manhattan hypothesis. Finally, comparison tests are designed to evaluate the performance of the given approach using TUM RGB‐D datasets in different scenes. Test results show that the proposed method provides better positioning ability, with the positioning accuracy improved by 18.07% on average compared with that of existing mainstream approaches.
Long Non-coding RNA KTN1-AS1 Targets miR-505 to Promote Glioblastoma Progression
Authors: Guo Kai , Fang Lingling , Li Mingjian , Li Aizheng , Liu Na
Published: February 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant cancer, the prognosis of which is pretty poor. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs, which play important roles in carcinogenesis process of many cancers including GBM. In this study, we want to clarify the expression, biological function, and molecular mechanism of lncRNA KTN1 antisense RNA 1 (KTN1-AS1) in GBM tumor progression. We found that KTN1-AS1 expression was upregulated in GBM tissues and cell lines. KTN1-AS1 played oncogenic roles to facilitate proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells. Then, we revealed that miR-505 was a target of KTN1-AS1, and its expression was decreased in GBM. KTN1-AS1 contributed to GBM progression by mediating miR-505. Finally, we demonstrated that KTN1-AS1 upregulated some target oncogenes of miR-505 including ZEB2, HMGB1, and RUNX2 in GBM cells. All in all, we concluded that the highly expressed KTN1-AS1 in GBM played oncogenic roles to facilitate GBM progression by targeting miR-505.
Synthesis of Micromesoporous Zeolite-Alumina Catalysts for Olefin Production from Heavy Crude Oil
Authors: Al-Samhan M. , Al-Fadhli J. , Al-Otaibi A. M. , Bouresli R.
Published: February 2023

Maximizing the production of high-value olefins from heavy crude oil is a crucial topic in the downstream refining industry. However, converting heavier fractions is a major challenge due to the small pore size of the zeolites. Therefore, this work aimed to develop extrudate zeolite catalysts posing adequate micromesoporous pore network and moderate acidity by combining microporous zeolite with the boehmite phase of alumina. These extruded zeolite-alumina catalysts are expected to allow sufficient diffusion of heavy fractions, thus leading to high cracking of heavy oil into valuable olefins. Different zeolite-alumina catalysts of varying alumina content ranging from 25 to 75% (AlZ-25, AlZ-50, and AlZ-75) were prepared in the laboratory to study the optimum zeolite-alumina ratios for maximum olefin production from heavy oil. The catalysts were characterized for their chemical and physical properties using nitrogen adsorption (N2 adsorption), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and NH3 temperature programmed desorption (TPD). A gradual increase in the average pore diameter (APD) of the catalysts was observed due to the alumina ratio with a distinct range of acidity that is in the range of 125 to 375°C, and also the geometry of pores is not the same for all of the supports. Catalytic performance tests were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor at 450°C, 10 bar, and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of 1 h−1. The results revealed that the prepared catalysts were thermally stable and effective in heavy oil conversion to olefins. Moreover, the selectivity of propylene was higher than that of ethylene (P/E) due to the modified textural and acidic properties of the catalysts. The results showed that the catalysts prepared with moderate acidity and adequate mesopores exhibited a considerable effect on the conversion of heavy crude oil into olefins. Hence, the acidity and mesoporosity of the catalysts play a vital role in determining the catalyst performance.
Identification of a Novel Nonsense Variant in the DLL3 Gene Underlying Spondylocostal Dysostosis in a Consanguineous Pakistani Family
Authors: Khan Feroz , Arshad Abida , Ullah Asmat , Steenackers Ellen , Mortier Geert , Ahmad Wasim , Arshad Muhammad , Khan Sarmir , Hayat Amir , Khan Ikram , Khan Muhammad Asim , Van Hul Wim
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Spondylocostal dysostosis (SCD) is characterized by multiple vertebral abnormalities associated with abnormalities of the ribs. Five genes causative for the disease have been identified. These include DLL3 (OMIM *602768), MESP2 (OMIM #608681), LFNG (OMIM #609813), TBX6 (OMIM *602427), and HES7 (OMIM *608059). Methods: In the current study, we investigated a Pakistani consanguineous family segregating spondylocostal dysotosis. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) followed by Sanger sequencing was performed using DNA of affected and unaffected individuals to identify pathogenic variant(s). The identified variant was interpreted using ACMG classification. Literature review was performed to summarize currently known mutated alleles of DLL3 and the underlying clinical phenotypes. Results: Clinical examination using anthropometric measurements and radiographs diagnosed the patients to be afflicted with SCD. Pedigree analysis of the affected family showed an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern of the disease. WES followed by Sanger sequencing identified a novel homozygous nonsense variant (DLL3(NM_016941.4): c.535G>T; p.Glu179Ter) in the DLL3 gene located on chromosome 19q13.2. Conclusion: The study will be helpful in carrier testing and genetic counseling to prevent segregation of the disease to the next generations within this family. It also provides knowledge for clinicians and researchers in search of a better understanding of SCD anomalies.
Diagnostic Performance and Clinical Impact of PSMA PET/CT versus mpMRI in Patients with a High Suspicion of Prostate Cancer and Previously Negative Biopsy: A Prospective Trial (PROSPET-BX)
Authors: Lopci Egesta , Lazzeri Massimo , Colombo Piergiuseppe , Casale Paolo , Buffi Nicolo M. , Saita Alberto , Peschechera Roberto , Hurle Rodolfo , Marzo Katia , Leonardi Lorenzo , Morenghi Emanuela , Balzarini Luca , Disconzi Luca , Guazzoni Giorgio , Chiti Arturo , Lughezzani Giovanni
Published: February 2023

Background: This prospective single-arm study is designed to compare in parallel 68Ga-PSMA PET/TRUS (transrectal or transperineal) fusion biopsy (“experimental test”) with multiparametric MRI (mpMRI)/TRUS fusion prostate biopsy (“standard test”) in men with a high suspicion of prostate cancer (PCa) after at least one negative biopsy. The primary objective was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 68Ga-PSMA PET/TRUS fusion prostate biopsy in comparison to mpMRI/TRUS fusion prostate biopsy analyzed in parallel. Secondarily, we aimed to determine the relationship between the “experimental test” and the histopathological characteristics of the specimen, along with the clinical utility of the “experimental test” compared to the “standard test.” Summary: To test the superiority of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT compared to mpMRI, we will enroll a minimum cohort of 128 patients. Inclusion criteria comprise: age >18 years; blood PSA level >4.0 ng/mL; free-to-total PSA ratio <20%; progressive rise of PSA levels in two consecutive blood samples despite antibiotics; serum blood tests suspicious for PCa; at least one previous negative biopsy; ASAP and/or high-grade PIN; negative digital rectal examination. All eligible patients will undergo 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and mpMRI scans within 1 month’s distance from each other, followed by biopsy session to be completed within 1 month’s distance. Targeted TRUS fusion needle biopsy will be performed for all lesions detected with PET and mpMRI. The total duration of the study is 36 months. Key Messages: By comparing the “experimental test” and the “standard test” in parallel, we will be able to determine the superior diagnostic performance of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT over mpMRI in detecting PCa, and in particular clinically significant PCa, in the specific cohort of patients with a high suspicion of PCa who are candidates to re-biopsy. The clinical impact of the “experimental test” will be subsequently analyzed in terms of the number of prostate biopsies that could be spared, time-consuming, patient friendliness, and cost-effectiveness.
Epithelial Barrier in the Nasal Mucosa, Related Risk Factors and Diseases
Authors: Zhang Rong , Zhang Lan , Li Peishan , Pang Kaiyun , Liu Huixia , Tian Li
Published: February 2023

As the first line of defense against risk factors, the nasal epithelial barrier maintains homeostasis in nasal mucosa. The composition of the epithelial barrier contains physical, chemical, immune, and microbiological barriers. Together, these barriers form the nasal defense against irritations. Risk factors from both internal and external environments can disrupt them. External risk factors contain allergens containing proteases, bacteria, virus, particulate matter, diesel exhaust particles, and cigarette smoke. In the meantime, inflammatory cytokines also increase the load on the barrier. Taking into account the role of the epithelial barrier in the nasal mucosa, some studies focus on the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) by restoring the epithelial barrier, and some progress has been made. Among the therapeutic approaches, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and steroid corticosteroids are considered two of the more studied categories, and their roles in repairing barriers have been demonstrated in AR and CRS. The underlying mechanism of HDAC inhibitor may be related to the transcription factor p63. And the protection of corticosteroids may be associated with the allergic disease susceptibility gene, protocadherin-1. Notably, manipulation of the microbiological barrier also has a positive effect on AR and CRS. Lactococcus and probiotics are two categories that are worth being explored continuously. We here review and discuss the compositions and risk factors of the nasal epithelial barrier. Furthermore, some novel and promising approaches to restore the defective barrier in nasal allergic diseases were mentioned.
“Universidade em crise”: considerações sobre o movimento estudantil paulistano no pós-golpe civil-militar (1964-1967)
Authors: Nascimento Juliana Marques do
Published: February 2023

Muito se fala sobre 1968, “o ano que não terminou”. Revolta da juventude no mundo como um todo – e no Brasil também –, quebra de paradigmas, repulsa a velhos valores e, claro, intensificação do movimento estudantil, principalmente universitário. Mas, e antes de 1968? Os estudantes, que, antes deste ano, haviam “despertado”, passaram a primeira metade da década de 1960 adormecidos? Assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a organização política dos estudantes do ensino superior, especificamente da cidade de São Paulo, na famosa rua Maria Antônia, onde ficava a Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras (FFCL) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), entre 1964 e 1967. Os dados para a realização deste estudo são frutos de pesquisa de doutorado ainda em andamento, cujo objetivo é constituir uma biografia histórica de Iara Iavelberg (1944-1971), militante das organizações revolucionárias contra a ditadura civil-militar.
The Persistence of Primitivism and the Debt Collectors
Authors: Harney Elizabeth
Published: February 2023

As the discipline of Art History increasingly aims to decolonize the gaze, questions have become paramount around cross-cultural influence and indebtedness, the traffic and translation of forms and ideas in the colonial modern era, and the mechanisms of postcolonial retrospection.

Harney addresses these questions and the resonances of aesthetic primitivism in scholarship on African and diasporic modernisms and global contemporary artistic practices through a critical review of their weight within three recent volumes: Suzanne Preston Blier's Picasso's Demoiselles: The Untold Origins of a Modern Masterpiece (Duke UP, 2019), Joshua I. Cohen's The Black Renaissance: African Sculpture and Modernism Across Continents (UC Berkeley, 2020) and David Joselit's Heritage and Debt: Art in Globalization (MIT, 2020).
Individual Differences in Corticostriatal White-matter Tracts Predict Successful Daily-life Routine Formation
Authors: van de Vijver Irene , Verhoeven Aukje A. C. , de Wit Sanne
Published: February 2023

Despite good intentions, people often fail to cross the “intention–behavior gap,” especially when goal achievement requires repeated action. To bridge this gap, the formation of automatized routines may be crucial. However, people may differ in the tendency to switch from goal-directed toward habitual control. To shed light on why some people succeed in forming routines while others struggle, the present study related the automatization of a novel, daily routine to individual differences in white-matter connectivity in corticostriatal networks that have been implicated in goal-directed and habitual control. Seventy-seven participants underwent diffusion-weighted imaging and formed the daily routine of taking a (placebo) pill for 3 weeks. Pill intake was measured by electronic pill boxes, and participants filled out a daily online questionnaire on the subjective automaticity of this behavior. Automatization of pill intake was negatively related to striatal (mainly caudate) connectivity with frontal goal-directed and cognitive control regions, namely, ventromedial pFC and anterior cingulate gyrus. Furthermore, daily pill intake was positively related to individual differences in striatal (mainly caudate) connectivity with cognitive control regions, including dorsolateral and anterior pFC. Therefore, strong control networks may be relevant for implementing a new routine but may not benefit its automatization. We also show that habit tendency (assessed with an outcome-devaluation task), conscientiousness, and daily life regularity were positively related to routine automatization. This translational study moves the field of habit research forward by relating self-reported routine automatization to individual differences in performance on an experimental habit measure and to brain connectivity.
Pyrofomes lagerstroemiae (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota), a new species from Hubei Province, Central China
Authors: TANG LU-XIN , ZHANG YI-ZHE , LIANG JIA-QI , JIANG SHAO-FENG , SI JING , LI HAI-JIAO
Published: February 2023

Pyrofomes lagerstroemiae sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Hubei Province, Central China, based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The new species is characterized by greyish brown to fuscous, pileate, at first hemispherical, later triquetrous basidiomata, cinnamon buff to greyish brown pore surface, big pores (1–2.5 per mm), subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, thick-walled, truncate, smooth, IKI–, CB+ basidiospores (5–6.2 × 4–5.4 µm), and growing gregarious on Lagerstroemia indica.
Trifolium elazizense (Fabaceae), a new species from Turkey
Authors: KESKİN MUSTAFA , SONAY VEYSEL , BALOS MEHMET MARUF
Published: February 2023

Trifolium elazizense, a new species of Trifolium sect. Trifolium from East Anatolia in Turkey is described. It grows in subalpine regions with steep slopes and shallow soil at high altitudes. The new species is morphologically close to T. longidentatum and T. kurdistanicum, and can be considered a member of the new subsect. Stipulia. Trifolium elazizense is characterized by hairy stipules, the throat of calyx closed by callus hairs, inflorescences without bracts, obviously unequal calyx teeth, longest tooth 3-nerved, others 1–3 nerved.
Taxonomic notes on New Caledonian Malpighiales: Acridocarpus, Crossostylis, Erythroxylum, and Xylosma
Authors: PILLON YOHAN
Published: February 2023

Taxonomic notes are made on the Malpighiales of New Caledonia. The names Acridocarpus austrocaledonicus Baill. (Malpighiaceae), Crossostylis grandiflora Brongn. & Gris, C. multiflora Brongn. & Gris, C. sebertii Pancher ex Brongn. & Gris (Rhizophoraceae), and Erythroxylum novocaledonicum O.E.Schultz (Erythroxylaceae) are lectotypified. Based on published molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence, Lasiochlamys Pax & K.Hoffm. is better treated as a synonym of Xylosma G.Forst. (Salicaceae), and five new combinations and one new name are provided to implement this change.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived miR-29b Promotes the Progression of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Jiang Chunyan , Li Jinlan , Guo Dandan , Luo Zhihong
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the effect of low miR-29b expression derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) on AML. miR-29b expression in acute leukemia drug resistant cell line as K562/ADM was detected with RT-PCR. Cell proliferation was tested with MTT assay and apoptosis
was analyzed by flow cytometry. The correlation between miR-29b and PDGFRα level was analyzed. miR-29b expression was reduced after si-miR-29b transfection. PDGFRα expression was increased by the low miR-29b expression in AML cells so as to prompt the progression
of AML. Cell proliferation in K562/ADM was increased after miR-29b expression was reduced and quantity of apoptosis was decreased. There was a correlation of miR-29b and PDGFRα in the staging of AML (P <0.05). In conclusion, AML could be aggravated by the low miR-29b
expression possibly through regulating PDGFRα, resulting in increased drug tolerance.
C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 4 (CXCR-4) Functionally-Selective Allosteric Agonist ATI2341 Promotes the Recovery of Uterosacral Ligament
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Zhendong , Wu Xiaofeng
Published: February 2023

This study intends to assess whether CXCR4 functionally-selective allosteric agonist ATI2341 recovers uterosacral ligament. The 50 female rats were assigned into five groups including A group (normal healthy rats), B group (rats with uterine ligament injury), C group (injury rats treated
with UC-MSCs cells), D group (treated with ATI2341); E group (treated with UC-MSCs cells and ATI2341) followed by analysis of uterus pathological changes by H&E staining and the expression of CD44, CD90, CXCR4, and SDF-1 by Western Blot or PT-PCR. There was regular and pyknotic fibrillar
connective tissue and few small vessels in A group without infiltration of inflammatory cells. However, B group showed infiltration of inflammatory cells with few fibroblasts of fibrous tissue. The quantity of infiltration of inflammatory cells in C group and D group was less than that in
B group with few visible new-born vessels. The improvement of pathological condition in uterus tissue in E group was the most among treatment groups. The number of wavy fiber was increased gradually and fibrillar connective tissue was changed into dense with elevated new-born vessels in ligament.
The expression CD44, CD90, CXCR4 and SDF-1 was upregulated effectively by ATI2341. In conclusion, ATI2341 can upregulate the expression of CD44, CD90, CXCR4 and SDF-1 and promote the recovery of uterine ligament in rats, indicating that it might be a new approach for the treatment of uterine
ligament.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) Retard the Aggressive Migrating and Invading Activity of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Kang Ying , Zhang Peng , Xiong Kai , Wang Yuanguo , Zhang Peng
Published: February 2023

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a common malignancy worldwide. miR-119-3p is down regulated in many cancers. Nonetheless, the modulatory mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in NSCLC is unclear. Our research aims to dissect the activity of BMSCs on NSCLC and
underlying mechanisms. After isolation and identification, BMSCs were co-cultured with NSCLC cells, which were transfected with miR-119-3p mimics followed by analysis of expression of miR-119-3p and tumor aggressiveness-related proteins, cell invasion/migration and survival. A significantly
reduced miR-119-3p level was found in NSCLC cell lines. miR-119-3p mimics inhibited the proliferative, migrating and invasive behaviors of NSCLC cells. Co-culture with BMSCs enhanced miR-119-3p expression in NSCLC cells, thereby suppressing NSCLC cell biological behaviors. Simultaneously,
the EMT process was markedly restrained, as indicated by an elevated level of E-cadherin but diminished levels of Vimetnin, N-cadherin and Snail. In conclusion, BMSCs can interfere with the EMT process of NSCLC via up-regulatingmiR-119-3p, thereby retarding the aggressive migration and invasive
capability of NSCLC cells.
Oxymatrine Inhibits Malignant Behaviors of Breast Cancer Cells by Inhibiting miR-188 Expression to Up-Regulate Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN)
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Hu Yili , Chen Diandian , Cheng Le , Yu Lili , Yang Quanjun
Published: February 2023

Oxymatrine has been applied to anti-cancer therapies for various cancers. The present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of miR-188 on breast cancer (BC) cell progression and underlying mechanism. After establishment of a rat model of BC, rats were administered with oxymatrine (4 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg), Xihuang pill (XH) (positive control), and miR-188 mimic (1 mg/kg) followed by analysis of tumor growth, the expression of miR-188, MMP-9, MMP-2, and PTEN, and BC cell behaviors. Oxymatrine significantly decreased tumor incidence and reduced tumor mass (p<0.05) with 8 mg/kg intervention group and positive control group exhibiting higher tumor inhibition rate (p<0.05). In addition, oxymatrine or XH effectively reduced cell proliferation, invasion and migration rate. Of note, compared to 4 mg/kg oxymatrine, 8 mg/kg oxymatrine and XH showed more significantly inhibitory effects on BC cells. Moreover, oxymatrine or XH significantly downregulated miR-188, MMP-9, and MMP-2 and upregulated PTEN. Mechanically, PTEN was indicated as the target of miR-188 with specific binding between them. In conclusion, Oxymatrine inhibits BC cell behaviors through down-regulation of miR-188 to increase PTEN expression. This study might provide a new basis for the management of BC.
Study on the Mechanism of Improving Mice with Atherosclerosis Using Dendrocrepine
Authors: Chen WeiWei , Hu Yang
Published: February 2023

Aim: To discuss Den on apoptosis and Nrf2/ARE in atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque of apolipoprotein in E (ApoE)-/- mice. Methods: Randomly dividing ApoE-/- mice as 5 groups including Normal, Model, Den-L (10 mg/kg), Den-M (20 mg/kg) and Den-H (40 mg/kg) groups. The atherosclerotic
vulnerable plaque model was established by high-fat feeding and right common carotid artery catheterization (perivascular carotid collar placement, PCR), and Den was given by difference concentration Den, the pathological changes of right common carotid arery, apoptosis of vascular smooth
muscle, Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 proteins expression using IHC and WB assay, Nrf2, ARE and MDA, 8-OHdG and TAC levels were detected. Results: Model group showed typical pathological changes of vulnerable plaque, the apoptosis cell number, Bax, Caspase-3 and MDA, 8-OHdG significantly
increased, the Bcl-2, Nrf2, ARE and TAC levels significantly decreased (P < 0.001, respectively); Compared with model group, the plaque of Den groups were reduced and tended to be stable, the apoptosis cell number, Bax, Caspase3 and MDA, 8-OHdG levels significantly decreased, Bcl-2, Nrf2,
ARE and TAC levels significantly increased (P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Den improves atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque of ApoE-/- mice, which is related to the inhibition of apoptosis and Nrf2/ARE pathway.
Effect of Dendrobine on Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats with Myocardial Infarction by Regulating Autophagy
Authors: Fan Juan , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2023

Aim: To observe Dendrobine (Den) on rats with post-myocardial infarction cardiac dysfunction and mechanism. Materials: Dividing 27 rats as Sham, Model and Den groups, rats treated with two weeks of drug had their cardiac function and structure measured by ultrasound; their myocardial pathological changes observed by HE and Masson staining and observe apoptosis cell number by TUNEL staining; their serum activities of LDH and CK-MB detected by ELISA; myocardial autophagy protein expressions detected by WB and immunohistochemistry. Results: Model group displayed decreased cardiac function levels, enlarged area of myocardial fibrosis, more serum activities of LDH and CK-MB, increased myocardial tissue structural damage and apoptosis cell number, downregulated LAMP2 expression, and up-regulated expressions of Beclin1, LC3-II/LC3-I rate, and P62. To rat victims of myocardial infarction, Den improved cardiac function, reduced area of myocardial fibrosis, compromised activities of serum LDH and CK-MB, and relieved damage in myocardial structure, decreased apoptosis cell number in myocardial tissue, up-regulated the expressions of Beclin1, LAMP2 and LC3-II, and down-regulated P62 to promote the autophagy in myocardium damaged by myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Den alleviates post-myocardial infarction cardiac dysfunction through improvement of autophagosomes formation and autophagic flux via Beclin1/LAMP2 pathway.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Long Non-Coding RNA-Growth Arrest Specific 5 (LncRNA-GAS5) Modification Impede the Migration and Invasion Activities of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Huang Zicheng , Lin Yun’an , Zhao Meiling , Li Simei , Wen Yajia , Liu Zhixiang , Cao Xiaofei
Published: February 2023

The impact of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the behaviors of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cells and LncRNAs remains poorly understood. This study mainly explores the mechanism of LncRNA-GAS5-modified BMSCs on the behaviors of PTC cells, aiming to further elucidate
PTC carcinogenesis and provide evidence for drug development. PTC cell lines were assigned into blank group, BMSCs group (co-culture with BMSCs), GAS5 group (co-culture with LncRNA-GAS5-modified BMSCs) and positive control group (cultured in the presence of 60 μg/mL β-elemene)
followed by analysis of LncRNA-GAS5 expression, the number of migrating and invading PTC cells, the quantity of EMT-related markers, MMP-9 and MMP-2. LncRNA-GAS5 level was lowest in the blank group, while highest in the GAS5 group (P <0.05), followed by positive control group and
BMSCs group. Moreover, the number of migrated and invaded cells was highest in the blank group, while lowest in GAS5 group (P < 0.05), followed by positive control group and BMSCs group. PTC cells exhibited the highest expression of EMT-related markers (N-cadherin and Vimentin) and
MMPs but lowest E-cadherin level in blank group and positive control group. These proteins showed an opposite trend in GAS5 group and BMSCs group. Additionally, a more remarkable difference was recorded in the GAS5 group (P <0.05). LncRNA-GAS5-modified BMSCs can down-regulate Vimentin
and N-cadherin while up-regulate E-cadherin, thereby restraining the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2. In this way, the EMT process can be manipulated, leading to inhibition of PTC cells behaviors by LncRNA-GAS5-modified BMSCs, indicating that LncRNA-GAS5 might be applied as a therapeutic target
for PTC.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Restrain the Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells by Up-Regulating miR-2158 and Inactivating RAI2/NLRP3 Pathway
Authors: Xu Meiyu , Ye Shen , Tang Zhiqiang , Gong Shuai
Published: February 2023

Exosomes are the key mediator for intercellular communication and participate in malignancies. Short non-coding RNAs derived from BMSCs-originated exosomes (BMSCs-exosomes) can be employed as biomolecules for tumor treatment. Here to we aim to dissect the function of microRNA-2158 from
BMSCs-exosomes in breast malignant disease. Breast malignant cells received a separated transfection of miR-2158-mimics and miR-2158-inhibitor, and also treated with BMSCoriginated exosomes followed by analysis of cell viability by MTT method, cell invading and migrating capabilities via Transwell
assays and protein levels of EMT-related and RAI2/NLRP3-related proteins by Western-blot. Breast cancer cells exhibited a significantly enhanced miR-2158 expression after transfection with miR-2158-mimics or treatment with BMSC-EXO, while it was reduced by miR-2158-inhibitor. As the miR-2158
was up-regulated, a significant impediment of proliferation and migration was denoted, along with a down-regulation of RAI2/NLRP3 signal transduction pathway and a retarded EMT process. Furthermore, cell proliferating and migrating capabilities were strengthened by miR-2158-inhibitor, together
with an enhanced RAI2/NLRP3 signal and a strengthened EMT process. In conclusion, miR-2158 retarded the in vitro proliferating and migrating activities of breast malignant cells, leading to the inactivation of RAI2/NLRP3 signal transduction pathway, thereby exerting its tumor-suppressing
function.
Basal type I interferon signaling has only modest effects on neonatal and juvenile hematopoiesis
Authors: Li Yanan , Yang Wei , Wang Helen C. , Patel Riddhi M. , Casey Emily B. , Denby Elisabeth , Magee Jeffrey A.
Published: February 2023

Type I interferon (IFN-1) regulates gene expression and hematopoiesis both during development and in response to inflammatory stress. We previously showed that during development in mice, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multipotent progenitors (MPPs) induce IFN-1 target genes shortly before birth. This coincides with the onset of a transition to adult hematopoiesis, and it drives the expression of genes associated with antigen presentation. However, it is not clear whether perinatal IFN-1 modulates hematopoietic output, as has been observed in contexts of inflammation. We have characterized hematopoiesis at several different stages of blood formation, from HSCs to mature blood cells, and found that loss of the IFN-1 receptor (IFNAR1) leads to depletion of several phenotypic HSC and MPP subpopulations in neonatal and juvenile mice. Committed lymphoid and myeloid progenitor populations expand simultaneously. These changes had a surprisingly little effect on the production of more differentiated blood cells. Cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing resolved the discrepancy between the extensive changes in progenitor numbers and modest changes in hematopoiesis, revealing stability in most MPP populations in Ifnar1-deficient neonates when the populations were identified based on gene expression rather than surface marker phenotype. Thus, basal IFN-1 signaling has only modest effects on hematopoiesis. Discordance between transcriptionally and phenotypically defined MPP populations may affect interpretations of how IFN-1 shapes hematopoiesis in other contexts, such as aging or inflammation.
Exogenous gibberellic acid shortening after-ripening process and promoting seed germination in a medicinal plant Panax notoginseng
Authors: Ge Na , Jia Jin-Shan , Yang Ling , Huang Rong-Mei , Wang Qing-Yan , Chen Cui , Meng Zhen-Gui , Li Long-Geng , Chen Jun-Wen
Published: February 2023

Background

Panax notoginseng(Burk) F.H. Chen is an essential plant in the family of Araliaceae. Its seeds are classified as a type of morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), and are characterized by recalcitrance during the after-ripening process. However, it is not clear about the molecular mechanism on the after-ripening in recalcitrant seeds.

Results

In this study, exogenous supply of gibberellic acid (GA3) with different concentrations shortened after-ripening process and promoted the germination ofP. notoginsengseeds. Among the identified plant hormone metabolites, exogenous GA3results in an increased level of endogenous hormone GA3through permeation. A total of 2971 and 9827 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in response to 50 mg L−1GA3(LG) and 500 mg L−1GA3(HG) treatment, respectively, and the plant hormone signal and related metabolic pathways regulated by GA3was significantly enriched. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that GA3treatment enhances GA biosynthesis and accumulation, while inhibiting the gene expression related to ABA signal transduction. This effect was associated with higher expression of crucial seed embryo development and cell wall loosening genes,Leafy Contyledon1(LEC1),Late Embryogenesis Abundant(LEA),expansins(EXP) andPectinesterase(PME).

Conclusions

Exogenous GA3application promotes germination and shorts the after-ripening process ofP. notoginsengseeds by increasing GA3contents through permeation. Furthermore, the altered ratio of GA and ABA contributes to the development of the embryo, breaks the mechanical constraints of the seed coat and promotes the protrusion of the radicle in recalcitrantP. notoginsengseeds. These findings improve our knowledge of the contribution of GA to regulating the dormancy of MPD seeds during the after-ripening process, and provide new theoretical guidance for the application of recalcitrant seeds in agricultural production and storage.
Real-world systemic sequential therapy with regorafenib for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of 93 cases from a single center
Authors: Zhu Qingwei , Rao Wei , Huo Junyu , Li Zixiang , Wang Song , Qiu Wensheng , Guan Ge , Xin Yang , Fan Ning , Cai Jinzhen , Wu Liqun
Published: February 2023

Background

Regorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor and became the first second-line systemic treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following the phase III RESORCE trial. This single-center study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and follow-up results of patients with recurrent HCC treated with regorafenib and discussed the prognostic factors to provide guidance for clinical treatment.

Methods

Ninety-three recurrent HCC patients were enrolled in the research and follow up from December 2017 to December 2020. Clinical and pathological data were collected. SPSS software v26.0 was used (Chicago, IL, USA) for statistical analysis. A two-sided P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

The patients included 81 males and 12 females with a median age of 57 years. Eighty-seven patients had hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The objective response rate (ORR) was 14.0%, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 62.4%. The median overall survival (mOS) and median time to progression (mTTP) were 15.9 and 5.0 months. Multivariate analysis showed that Child–Pugh classification, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS), the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), combined treatment, and the time from first diagnosis of HCC to second-line treatment were independent factors affecting the prognosis of recurrent HCC patients.

Conclusions

This real-world study demonstrated similar findings to those of the RESORCE trial. Regorafenib could effectively improve the prognosis of patients after first-line treatment failure. Combination therapy under multidisciplinary treatment (MDT) team guidance could be effective in impeding tumor progression and improving the prognosis of recurrent HCC patients.
Sex differences in changes of depressive symptoms among older adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from two longitudinal cohorts
Authors: Zheng Fanfan , Li Chenglong , Hua Rong , Liang Jie , Gao Darui , Xie Wuxiang
Published: February 2023

Background

Major concerns about the adverse mental health impact of the rapidly spread COVID-19 pandemic have been raised. Previous studies on changes of depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic have yielded inconsistent results regarding the sex differences. Since women have higher depressive symptoms even without the pandemic, it is essential to consider the pre-existing change of depressive symptoms of a similar period to discern the effect of the pandemic on depression. This study aimed to evaluate sex differences in depressive symptoms before and during the pandemic.

Methods

Data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; waves 13 to 15) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA; wave 8 to COVID-19 wave 2) were analyzed. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. According to the time of COVID-19 outbreak in the US and the UK, the intervals from waves 13 to 14 surveys of the HRS and from waves 8 to 9 surveys of the ELSA were employed as pre-pandemic periods to control for the pre-existing depressive symptoms, respectively. Changes of CES-D scores during the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods were assessed by linear mixed models.

Results

Nine thousand, seven hundred thirty-seven participants (mean age: 66.7 ± 10.7 years) from the HRS and 5,098 participants (mean age: 68.7 ± 10.0 years) from the ELSA were included. CES-D scores among women were significantly higher than those among men at all waves in both cohorts. During the pre-pandemic period, no significant sex difference on changes of CES-D scores was detected in either the HRS or the ELSA. During the pandemic period, CES-D scores were increased in both men and women and the sex differences in CES-D increments of the two cohorts were both significant. Enlarged sex differences were demonstrated in increments of CES-D scores during the pandemic period.

Conclusions

Our results suggest women suffered from worse depressive symptoms in response to the pandemic, although the changes of depression were similar between men and women before the pandemic. These findings underscore the necessity to support the vulnerable populations, especially women, to manage the distress brought by the pandemic and maintain optimal mental health status.
Factors associated with the uptake of clinical breast examination among women of reproductive age in Lesotho: analysis of a national survey
Authors: Afaya Agani , Laari Timothy Tienbia , Seidu Abdul Aziz , Afaya Richard Adongo , Daniels-Donkor Silas Selorm , Yakong Vida Nyagre , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku
Published: February 2023

Background

In low-resource settings with weak health systems, the WHO recommends clinical breast examination (CBE) as the most cost-effective breast screening modality for women. Evidence shows that biennial CBE leads to significant downstaging of breast cancer in all women. Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women in Lesotho with a weaker healthcare system and a low breast cancer screening rate. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with the uptake of CBE among women of reproductive age in Lesotho.

Methods

This study used cross-sectional data from the 2014 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey. A sample of 6584 reproductive-age women was included in this study. We conducted both descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses. The study results were presented in frequencies, percentages, and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their corresponding confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

The prevalence of CBE uptake was 9.73% (95% CI: 8.91, 10.61). Women who were covered by health insurance (aOR = 2.31, 95% CI [1.37, 3.88]), those who were pregnant (aOR = 2.34, 95% CI [1.64, 3.35]), those who had one to three children (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI [1.29,2.52]), and women who frequently read newspapers or magazines (aOR = 1.33, 95% CI [1.02,1.72]) were more likely to undergo CBE than their counterparts. Women who were aware of breast cancer (aOR = 2.54, 95% CI [1.63,3.97]), those who have ever had breast self-examination (BSE) within the last 12 months prior to the study (aOR = 5.30, 95% CI [4.35,6.46]), and those who visited the health facility in the last 12 months prior to the study (aOR = 1.57, 95% CI [1.27,1.95]) were also more likely to undergo CBE than their counterparts. Women residing in the Qacha’s-nek region (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI [0.26,0.67]) were less likely to undergo CBE than those in the Botha-bothe region.

Conclusion

The study found a low prevalence of CBE uptake among reproductive-age women in Lesotho. Factors associated with CBE uptake include health insurance coverage, being pregnant, those who had one to three children, exposure to media, breast cancer awareness, ever had BSE, and those who visited a health facility. To increase CBE uptake, these factors should be considered when designing cancer screening interventions and policies in order to help reduce the burden of breast cancer in Lesotho.
Prevalence and predictors of adverse events following exposure to long-lasting insecticidal nets used for malaria prevention: a community based cross-sectional study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Ilombe Gillon , Mpiempie Thérèse , Mesia Gauthier , Matangila Junior R. , Lulebo Aimée M. , Maketa Vivi , Mabanzila Baby , Muela Nicole M. , Muanda Flory T. , Linsuke Sylvie , van Geertruyden Jean-Pierre , Lutumba Pascal
Published: February 2023

Background

Malaria morbidity and mortality increase in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) may be the consequence of the low utilization rate of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) resulting from poor compliance due to adverse events (AEs). This study aimed at determining the prevalence and predictors of AEs following the mass distribution of LLINs in the Kisantu Health Zone (KHZ), a high malaria-endemic region in the DRC.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study embedded was conducted within a randomized controlled trial (RCT) after the mass distribution of LLINs in 30 villages located in DRC KHZ. A three-stage sampling method was used without replacement to select 1790 children. Data was collected on adverse events (AEs) using a reporting form and information on demographics, nutritional status, and house characteristics. This was done using a structured questionnaire administered to household heads. Logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of AEs following the mass distribution of LLINs.

Result

In a total of 1790 children enrolled, 17.8% (95% CI 16.1–19.7) experienced AEs. The most common AEs were respiratory-related (61%). Around 60% of AEs occurred within 24 h of use, and 51% were resolved without treatment. Sleeping under deltamethrin LLINs (Adjusted OR, 95% CI 5.5 [3.8–8.0]) and zinc roofing (Adjusted OR, 95% CI 1.98 [1.1–3.57]) were associated with the risk of reporting an AE following the mass distribution of LLINs.

Conclusion

Approximately 1 out of 5 children had an AE within 24 h following LLIN use. These adverse events were often respiratory-related. LLINs and roofing types were associated with a higher risk of reporting AEs. However, further research using a robust study design is needed to confirm these findings. Future studies should design and implement interventions aiming to reduce AEs and improve compliance with LLINs.