bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMAÇÃO DE PREÇOS EM HOTELARIA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Jung Patricia , Dall’Agnol Roberto Mauro
Published: March 2016

A formação de preços e os seus impactos na hotelaria de pequeno porte, em função das características peculiares ao setor, com significativos custos indiretos, riscos de ociosidade e acirramento competitivo, remetem a buscas por alternativas eficazes de controle de custos e estabelecimento dos preços de modo competitivo. A presente pesquisa, qualitativa e aplicada, por intermédio de estudo de caso, apresenta uma metodologia de formação de preços para um hotel de pequeno porte em Chapecó/SC, considerando os métodos de formação de preços e as peculiaridades do setor, com a aplicação do método de custeio ABC; e, complementarmente, com um estudo comparativo de mercado, envolvendo os preços possíveis com a aplicação dos custos identificados, tendo em vista os preços praticados no mercado concorrente. Ambas as situações foram consideradas também sob o prisma da rentabilidade e da ociosidade do investimento. Com base nesses elementos, apresentou-se uma sugestão de estrutura de preço de diárias para o hotel em estudo. As conclusões revelaram a imperatividade de conjugar custos e concorrência quando da formação de preços, sendo os primeiros necessários ao balizamento da situação financeira da organização e, o segundo, útil para o nivelamento das expectativas de rentabilidade diante do cenário competitivo. Palavras-chave: Precificação. Hotelaria. Custos.
REPERCUSSÕES DAS POLÍTICAS DE TURISMO NO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRASIL: O CASE DE SÃO MIGUEL DO GOSTOSO
Authors: Taveira Marcelo Da Silva
Published: March 2016

Esse artigo aborda questões que dizem respeito às repercussões das principais políticas de turismo implantadas no Rio Grande do Norte (Brasil) ao longo de décadas, mais precisamente a partir dos anos de 1930 até os dias vigentes. O objetivo central dessa discussão é promover o debate teórico-metodológico sobre os efeitos das políticas públicas no litoral potiguar, especialmente no município de São Miguel do Gostoso, destino de turismo de sol e praia e de turismo de aventura especializado em esportes náuticos, que se apresenta no cenário turístico contemporâneo como importante polo de lazer para o desenvolvimento de esportes aquáticos e velejo, com destaque para o kitesurf e o windsurf. Pesquisas bibliográfica e documental resultaram na construção cronológica da efetivação de políticas públicas que impactaram diretamente na estruturação e na organização do território litorâneo potiguar, em especial de São Miguel do Gostoso. Os resultados mostram que as políticas foram determinantes e direcionaram os investimentos para o desenvolvimento desse território para fins turísticos e de lazer. Palavras-chave: Políticas de Turismo. Rio Grande do Norte. São Miguel do Gostoso.
O BRASIL COMO OBJETO DE ESTUDO NA PESQUISA SOBRE TURISMO NO CONTEXTO INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Pinheiro Wesley Moreira , Rossi George Bedinelli
Published: March 2016

De 2000 a 2014 o volume de turistas internacionais cresceu 68%, segundo dados da OMT. Os desdobramentos desse crescimento interessam tanto os estudos mercadológicos quanto os acadêmicos. O objetivo geral desse artigo é verificar como o Brasil figura nos estudos de publicações internacionais sobre Turismo, tendo como unidade amostral o Tourism Management. Com isso, é necessário discutir o papel do país no interesse investigativo da produção internacional, sendo ele o ator principal ou um elemento de contextualização. A metodologia utilizada nesse estudo concentra-se em uma meta-análise sobre o conteúdo de publicações em artigos publicados, a partir das variáveis e das técnicas analíticas dos estudos de Matos e Henrique (2006); Melo e Andreassi (2010); e Souza, Roglio, e Takahashi (2011). Como principal resultado dessa pesquisa, tem-se um indicador que o Brasil ainda é pouco explorado como objeto de estudo e muitas vezes é apenas citado em uma contextualização. Por fim, nas considerações finais discute-se o papel do Brasil no campo do Turismo e da Administração, propondo-se alguns problemas de pesquisa para provocar o interesse de pesquisadores brasileiros e estrangeiros sobre assuntos cujo país pode ser relevante às pesquisas, porém, ainda pouco explorado, especialmente no campo dos estudos internacionais de turismo. Palavras-chave: Turismo no Brasil. Turismo internacional. Meta-análise.
TURISMO, VESTÍGIOS ARQUEOLÓGICOS E PERSPECTIVAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO EM GAROPABA (SC)
Authors: Da Costa Viegas Fernandes , Reis Clóvis
Published: March 2016

O artigo propõe o debate a respeito dos vestígios arqueológicos pré-coloniais remanescentes no município de Garopaba (SC), e suas possibilidades na promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável por meio do turismo arqueológico. A partir de uma discussão teórica das dimensões política, ideológica e econômica dos processos de patrimonialização e do entendimento das dimensões do desenvolvimento sustentável apresentadas por Sachs, compreende-se o patrimônio cultural (e, por extensão, o arqueológico) como componente fundamental para uma perspectiva de desenvolvimento que não seja teleológica e economicista. É neste sentido que se apresenta a proposta do turismo arqueológico, potencialmente capaz de contribuir para alternativas de trabalho e renda e para a proteção e preservação dos sítios arqueológicos existentes na região. Palavras-Chave: Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Turismo Arqueológico. Patrimônio Arqueológico Pré-colonial.
Correlations of circulating levels of oxidants, antioxidants and soluble Fas in breast cancer among Egyptian females
Authors: Madboly Sayed Hamada , Elsaeid Elbawab Elsaeid Mostafa , El-Ebidi Abdallah M. A.A. , Sayed Omar Abd-El raheem , Hassan Mohammed H. , Saleem Tahia H. , Elsayed Sameh Salah Eldeen
Published: March 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the first most common malignancy in Egyptian females. Oxidative stress is considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of all cancers, especially breast cancer. An inappropriately low rate of apoptosis can give rise to cancer.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to asses, compare and correlate the circulatory levels of some oxidants (malondialdehyde "MDA" and nitric oxide "NO"), total antioxidant capacity "TAO") and soluble form of Fas "sFas" in some Egyptian females having breast cancer.Methods: A cross sectional case/control study conducted on 50 Egyptian females recruited from outpatient clinics or inpatients department of the general surgery at Sohag university hospital, divided into 30 females with malignant breast lesion and 20 healthy females as a control group. Colorimetric assay of serum levels of NO, MDA and TAO, while, sFas was determined using ELISA method.Results: There were significant high levels of NO, MDA, TAO and sFas in malignant group than in control group with p-value < 0.0001, high positive correlation between NO, MDA, TAO and sFas in malignant group ( r= 0.958, 0.807, 0.748 respectively and P< 0.0001 for all). There was high positive correlation between NO and TAO in malignant group (r = 0.78, P < 0.0001).There was also, high positive correlation between MDA and TAO in malignant group (r = 0.81, P < 0.0001).Conclusion: These results support the oxidative stress hypothesis and resistance to apoptosis in development and progression of breast cancer.
Fatores críticos de sucesso e critérios de sustentabilidade na gestão de mudanças organizacionais: um estudo de caso em uma empresa do ramo químico e petroquímico
Authors: Reis Paulo André Souto Mayor , Amaral Fernando Gonçalves
Published: March 2016

As mudanças podem ser vistas como situações corriqueiras dentro do processo de gestão de uma organização. Dois elementos são contribuintes como sistemáticas de apoio às mudanças: a Gestão (ou Gerenciamento) das Mudanças (GM) e os Fatores Críticos de Sucesso (FCS) para a mudança, que desejavelmente deveria ser também sustentável. O objetivo do presente artigo consiste em identificar quais FCS são determinantes no processo de Mudança Organizacional (MO), em particular na abordagem da prática de GM de uma empresa química e petroquímica brasileira, associados com a inclusão da gestão proativa da sustentabilidade empresarial, através de Critérios de Sustentabilidade (CS). A metodologia adotada para a pesquisa foi o estudo de caso. Os principais resultados identificaram quarenta e cinco FCS relacionados ao processo de gestão da mudança organizacional e o modelo da Global Report Initiative (GRI) como o mais adotado no meio empresarial mundial.[1] Foram identificadas contribuições da literatura em FCS no processo de GM vigente na organização, tais como “comunicação constante e eficiente” e “recursos”, de forma a incorporar práticas ao modelo atual de gestão da MO. As dimensões de FCS mais relevantes no estudo de caso foram “liderança” e “recursos”. Quanto aos CS, foi verificada junto aos respondentes uma visão que enfatiza a dimensão ambiental a despeito da social e econômica, assim como lacunas em ambientação dos mesmos em relação a conceitos de sustentabilidade e sua conexão com FCS na MO.[1] Este texto é resultado de dissertação de mestrado de Paulo André S. M. Reis
Estratégia de manutenção e aumento da disponibilidade de um posto de compressão de gases na indústria petrolífera
Authors: Santos Nilis Adriano dos , Sellitto Miguel Afonso
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste artigo foi propor uma estratégia de manutenção e um conjunto de melhorias para aumento da disponibilidade em um posto de compressão de gases residuais do processo de destilação do petróleo, composto por dois compressores alternativos A e B em uma refinaria da indústria petrolífera. O método de pesquisa foi a modelagem quantitativa. A metodologia incluiu o cálculo da atual disponibilidade e a sugestão de ações para elevá-la. Foram modelados os tempos até o reparo (TTR) e até a falha (TBF) dos compressores individuais e do posto de compressão de gases como um todo. Com os valores médios dos modelos (MTBF e MTTR) foram calculadas as disponibilidades individuais de A e B (32,4% e 83,3%, respectivamente) e do conjunto, 96,7%. Os dados foram coletados do sistema de informações da empresa. Pelos fatores de forma das distribuições associadas aos TBF, foi possível afirmar que, apesar de operarem há mais de vinte anos, ambas as máquinas se encontram na fase de mortalidade infantil. Tal fato se deve à troca de matéria-prima ocorrida há cerca de cinco anos: a planta passou a processar óleo mais pesado, originado do pré-sal, para o qual a instalação não foi projetada. Tal divergência pode ser caracterizada como falta de projeto, o que remete à estratégia de manutenção corretiva. Por fim, uma lista de melhorias corretivas de projeto foi apresentada para aumentar a disponibilidade do posto e encerrar a fase de falhas prematuras.
TIPOLOGI PERMUKIMAN KUMUH KAWASAN PESISIR DI KELURAHAN WOLOMARANG KOTA MAUMERE (Slum Typology In Coastal Zone of The Wolomarang District Maumere City)
Authors: Hamid Nevi Vilianty , . Sunarti
Published: March 2016

The higher the population growth is the main factor driving the increase will need space, this is experienced by most of the town of Maumere wake region located in the coastal zone. Since several  decades ago, many coastal areas visited and occupied by people from other regions one of which is Sulawesi. Bajo society known as the sailors accomplished by bringing habits/ customs of the region of origin, they occupy the coastal areas in the Wolomarang District and start doing activities around the coast such as living with inadequate infrastructure. Most of the people work as fishermen with low incomes who can only meet the needs of life in the form of clothing, food and potluck board. Settlements in the coastal area currently has problems of slum formation as seen from the physical building and environmental conditions that have no drainage and sanitation.  

This study aims to identify the cause of the formation of slums typology of coastal areas in the Wolomarang District Maumere City. To achieve these objectives is necessary to identify the assessment of physical and non physical aspects, social aspects of cultural, economic, regiona characteristics, and policy aspects of coastal spatial planning. Coastal areas has also become one of the central development region of East Nusa Tenggara Province.The method used in this study is to perform quantitative data collection through field surveys (questionnaires, interviews and observations) and a survey instansional (government). Respondents in this study were in the Wolomarang District coastal communities and relevant agencies in the town of Maumere. Data and information from the public and relevant agencies will be directly assessed based on the mapping, frequency distributions and descriptive qualitative analysis.

The results of some analysis has been done shows that the typology of coastal slums Wolomarang District is the settlement stage type, the type of semi-permanent and permanent type. Typology of slum formation in the coastal zone is influenced by two factors: economic factors related to location of work and low incomes, and a very strong cultural factors inherent in the society that is accustomed to living close to the sea by building a temporary condition. In its development to date in coastal settlements Wolomarang District the bay waters are carried out by reclamation, and the quality of slum settlements are included in weight. Location of residential communities that are along the road environment and spread irregularly, describe the condition of the settlement were not well ordered. The proposed recommendation is that the government needs to improve supervision and control of construction-related permits in coastal areas and the need for provision of basic infrastructure, i.e. drainage, sanitation and solid waste as well as increasing public knowledge related to the maintenance of settlements.
KARAKTERISTIK DAN POTENSI PERKEMBANGAN KAWASAN KOMERSIAL SEGITIGA PANDAMA (PANDANARAN–GAJAHMADA–PEMUDA) DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Wibowo Soni Akbar , Haryanto Ragil
Published: March 2016

Pandanaran, Gajahmada, and Pemuda (Pandama region) in recent years continued to experience growth in property investment, especially for commercial functions and show more rapid growth in the region. The growth phenomenon of the Pandama triangle areas as an investment destination and  as a leading commercial center business is growing in line with the shift in the investment market (market force) that reacts to the many problems and limitations of Simpang Lima area as the destination investment CBD driven by previous Semarang Municipality. The research was carried out with quantitative approach to determine the characteristics and potential development of Pandama commercial areas in the future.  Commercial activity in the Pandama triangle dominated by service function by 58% with the pattern of development and distribution of commercial activity in th triangle Pandama tends to change from a pattern that follows the road network (ribbon) to be  concentrated pattern (center). Pandama triangular commercial area in the future will grow an develop as a magnet development in Semarang city and impact the higher quantity growth of the commercial activity and also lead to increasing the land conversion level of settlement into a commercial.
KARAKTERISTIK BELANJA WARGA PINGGIRAN KOTA (STUDI KASUS: KECAMATAN BANYUMANIK KOTA SEMARANG)
Authors: Dwiyanto Tunjung Aji , Sariffuddin Sariffuddin
Published: March 2016

Berkembangnya wilayah pinggiran karena menampung luapan tumbuhnya kota inti, pada akhirnya membentuk struktur wilayah kota yang membentuk keterkaitan sosial ekonomi antar kawasan pusat dan kawasan pinggiran sebagai wilayah pengaruh. Oleh karena itu kawasan pinggiran masih memiliki ketergantungan yang cukup besar terhadap kawasan lainnya, baik kawasan pinggiran lainnya maupun kawasan pusat kota. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola pergerakan berbelanja penduduk Kecamatan Banyumanik untuk memenuhi kebutuhan primer. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis data yaitu teknik analisis statistik deskriprif, crosstabs dan spasial statistik. Hasil penelitian pola pergerakan belanja penduduk khususnya di Kecamatan Banyumanik sesuai dengan (Miro, (2005) dimana simpul asal dan tujuan pergerakan masih di dalam kawasan/wilayah studi. Hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh variabel jenis pekerjaan, tingkat pendapatan dan jumlah pengeluaran yang dikaitkan dengan tujuan pergerakan belanja penduduk pada hari kerja dan akhir pekan. Pola spasial yang terjadi membentuk klaster berdasarkan nilai p-value 0,1 dan nilai z-score -26,9 pada hasil olah rata-rata tetangga terdekat.
PROSES PENENTUAN LOKASI MINAPOLITAN DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS, PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Aryany Putry Ayu
Published: March 2016

Kabupaten Banyumas merupakan salah satu daerah percontohan pengembangan monapolitan bersama 24 sentra produksi perikanan budidaya lainnya di Indonesia pada tahun 2011. Pilot project ini terselenggara berdasarkan Keputusan Dirjen Perikanan Budidaya KKP RI No. Kep.70/DJPB/2010 yang disusun dalam bentuk rencana induk kawasan minapolitan (RIKM). Penyusunan artikel ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kritisi terhadap proses penentuan zonasi kawasan minapolitan di dalam produk rencana induk kawasan minapolitan Banyumas. Kritisi ini dilakukan dengan membandingkan antara bagaimana proses penentuan lokasi minapolitan di dalam produk rencana dengan kriteria kawasan minapolitan dalam Pedoman Umum Minapolitan Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan tahun 2011 dan teori lokasi Weber. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode analisis deskriptif. Hasil analisis didapatkan pemilihan lokasi minapolitan lebih baik dilakukan dengan pendekatan kebijakan, karena akan lebih sesuai dengan potensi dan keadaan eksisting. Sedangkan teori Lokasi Weber hanya sesuai untuk pemilihan lokasi pemasaran minapolitan.   
PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN SENTRA INDUSTRI BATIK TULIS DI KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN (STUDI KASUS DI DESA KLAMPAR, KECAMATAN PROPPO)
Authors: Dwinda P Esthy , Rahdriawan Mardwi
Published: March 2016

ilayah Pulau Madura terutama daerah pedesaan masih didominasi oleh masyarakat agraris yang bekerja di sektor pertanian, dengan nilai religius (Islam) yang sangat kuat, dan kompetensi sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang masih relatif rendah dikarenakan tingkat pendidikan yang rendah. Namun, disisi lain bahwa ada sektor lain yang masih dapat dikembangkan salah satunya industri lokal yaitu sentra industri batik tulis melalui peningkatan potensi sektor industri yang dapat menunjang perekonomian di desa. Desa Klampar, Kecamatan Proppo merupakan desa dengan sentra industri batik tulis terbanyak. Selain sebagai bagian dari industrialisasi, perkembangan sentra batik di sana sangat dipengaruhi oleh aspek kebudayaan. Dilihat dari sumber daya manusianya (SDM) dimana pengrajin batik didominasi oleh kaum perempuan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kaum perempuan menjadi bagian yang sangat penting dalam perkembangan sentra batik di desa tersebut yang dapat menunjang perekonomian desa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui peranan maupun tingkat kompetensi perempuan dalam pengembangan industri batik tulis di Kabupaten Pamekasan, tepatnya Desa Klampar Kecamatan Proppo. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Studi terhadap teori dan literatur digunakan untuk menghasilkan variabel penelitian yang digunakan dalam tahapan analisis. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan adalah peran perempuan dalam keluarga dan sebagai pengrajin batik dapat berjalan baik dan berperan di dalam menyokong pengembangan industri batik tulis sekaligus meningkatkan perekonomian keluarga.
PENANGANAN KAWASAN PERMUKIMAN PRIORITAS DI SEKITAR KAWASAN PENDIDIKAN UNIVERSITAS JENDRAL SOEDIRMAN KOTA PURWOKERTO
Authors: Reswanti Novita
Published: March 2016

Kelurahan Bancarkembar, Karangwangkal, Sumampir, dan Grendeng merupakan kawasan permukiman perkotaan yang berada di sekitar Kawasan Pendidikan Unsoed. Adanya Unsoed memiliki pengaruh besar bagi perkembangan kawasan di sekitarnya. Kondisi ini dapat memberikan peluang besar bagi pertumbuhan fungsi perdagangan dan jasa di sekitar kawasan. Selain itu, Berkembangnya fungsi permukiman seperti meningkatnya tempat tinggal pribadi berubah menjadi kos-kosan. Seiring dengan berkembangnya kawasan maka akan membutuhkan kawasan permukiman untuk mengakomodasi perkembangan masyarakat yang beraktifitas di dalam kawasan. Namun, pembangunan kawasan permukiman yang tidak diimbangi dengan ketersediaan lahan serta munculnya berbagai persoalan seperti perumahan liar dan permukiman kumuh berdampak lebih lanjut pada meningkatnya tingkat kesenjangan masyarakat, tingginya angka kriminalitas, dan rendahnya tingkat kesehatan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, kawasan permukiman merupakan salah satu kawasan yang perlu dilakukan penanganan secara khusus, namun dalam konteks keruangan, penyelesaiannya tidak mungkin dilakukan secara bersamaan sehingga perlu diprioritaskan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk menyiapkan rencana aksi programpenanganan permasalahan permukiman berikut infrastruktu keciptakaryaan yang ada di dalam kawasan prioritas sesuai dengan arahan strategi penanganan kawasan. Dengan pelibatan stakeholders secara intensif diharapkan dapat dihasilkan kesepakatan rencana aksi program penanganan kawasan prioritas dengan rencana penanganan  kawasan pada tahap pertama. Jurnal ini akan mengkritisi penanganan kawasan permukiman prioritas di sekitar kawasan Unsoed. Penataan kawasan permukiman prioritas di Kawasan Pendidikan Unsoed diharapkan dapat mengurangi permasalahan yang ada di kawasan perencanaan.
SALING PENGARUH ANTARA AKTIVITAS PERDAGANGAN DAN LALU LINTAS LEWAT DI PUSAT KOTA KECIL (STUDI KASUS: JALAN DIPONEGORO KOTA BUMIAYU)
Authors: Prayitno Dedi , Syahbana Joesron Alie
Published: March 2016

Pergerakan lalu lintas terjadi karena adanya perbedaan tata guna lahan satu dengan tata guna lahan yang lain. Makin tinggi tingkat aktivitas suatu tata guna lahan, makin tinggi pula tingkat kemampuannya dalam menarik pergerakan lalu lintas. Aktivitas perdagangan merupakan salah satu jenis tata guna lahan yang memiliki pengaruh cukup besar terhadap pergerakan lalu lintas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui saling pengaruh antara aktivitas perdagangan dan lalu lintas lewat di pusat kota kecil yaitu di Jalan Diponegoro Kota Bumiayu. Metode analisis penelitian ini meliputi analisis kawasan perdagangan Jalan Diponegoro terhadap lalu lintas; analisis lalu lintas Jalan Diponegoro; dan analisis hubungan antara aktivitas perdagangan dan lalu lintas lewat di Jalan Diponegoro. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah untuk analisis kawasan perdagangan Jalan Diponegoro terhadap lalu lintas diperoleh nilai tarikan perjalanan pasar Bumiayu sebesar 156,049 smp/jam, pertokoan sisi timur Jalan Diponegoro sebesar 111,631 smp/jam dan pertokoan sisi barat Jalan Diponegoro sebesar 147,368 smp/jam. Pengaruh kawasan perdagangan terhadap wilayah sekitar menunjukan bahwa volume lalu lintas ruas jalan yang mengubungkan Kota Bumiayu dengan Paguyangan sebesar 681 smp/jam, Bumiayu dengan Tonjong sebesar 395 smp/jam, Bumiayu dengan Bantarkawung serta Salem sebesar 268 smp/jam dan Bumiayu dengan Sirampog sebesar 143 smp/jam. Untuk analisis kondisi lalu lintas diperoleh volume lalu lintas tertinggi sebesar 355,90 smp/jam, nilai kapasitas jalan sebesar 664,96 smp/jam dan kinerja jalan berdasarkan analisis sebesar 0,54 yaitu berada pada level C dengan ciri aliran stabil. Untuk analisis hubungan antara aktivitas perdagangan dan lalu lintas lewat di Jalan Diponegoro berdasarkan data asal pengunjung diketahui bahwa sebesar 91,7% merupakan pengunjung dengan pergerakan lokal sedangkan untuk pergerakan regional sebesar 8,3%.
KINERJA PELAYANAN AIR BERSIH MASYARAKAT DI KELURAHAN TUGUREJO KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Yuliani Yani , Rahdriawan Mardwi
Published: March 2016

Penyediaan air bersih yang diselenggarakan oleh PDAM Kota Semarang pada tahun 2011 baru mampu melayani 56,95% penduduk. Sehingga terdapat sebagian penduduk Kota Semarang yang belum terjangkau pelayanan jaringan air bersih perkotaan. Untuk memenuhi kekurangan pelayanan kebutuhan air bersih tersebut, pemerintah membuat program penyediaan dengan melibatkan masyarakat, sebagaimana kasus di Kelurahan Tugurejo Kecamatan Tugu Kota Semarang. Di lokasi ini, sejak tahun 2003 Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat (KSM) Tirto Langgeng yang dilanjutkan BKM Makmur Abadi di Kelurahan Tugurejo membentuk sub unit pengelolaan air bersih untuk melayani masyarakat, khususnya di wilayah RW I dan RW V. Pada tahap selanjutnya muncul berbagai masalah terkait kualitas dan penyeadiannya. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kinerja pelayanan air bersih berbasis masyarakat di Kelurahan Tugurejo. Metode penelitian mengkombinasikan antara kuantitatif dan kualitatif, melalui analisis kinerja yang ditinjau dari aspek operasional, keuangan, administrasi dan kepuasan pelanggan. Berdasarkan analisis penilaian kinerja ditemukan bahwa sisi penyelenggara meliputi aspek operasional, keuangan dan administrasi dinilai berpredikat ‘baik’, dan “mampu berkembang”, artinya mampu menjaga konsistensi dan kualitas air bersih, mampu menghasilkan keuntungan untuk menjalankan kegiatan operasional, mempertahankan asset, membayar kewajiban pinjaman; serta pengelola mampu mempertahankan keberlanjutan pelayanan air bersih kepada pelanggan. Penilaian kinerja dari sisi pelanggan, dinilai dengan kepuasan pelanggan dari kualitas pelayanan air. Nilai indeks kepuasan pelanggan (Customer Satisfaction Index) adalah 78,34 % berada pada kategori “puas”, artinya pelanggan puas terhadap hampir semua atribut-atribut kualitas layanan air bersih dari penyelenggara layanan, walaupun belum semua sesuai harapan pelanggan. Analisis Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) menjelaskan atribut-atribut yang perlu dipertahankan kinerjanya yaitu kualitas fisik air, lokasi tempat pelayanan, kemampuan petugas administrasi/ keuangan, kecermatan petugas pencatat meter air, tarif air yang terjangkau, kelengkapan sambungan pelayanan, dan kepastian biaya yang dibayar. Akan tetapi masih terdapat atribut-atribut yang perlu ditingkatkan kinerjanya yaitu kuantitas air, kontinuitas, kedisiplinan petugas distribusi air, cepat dan tanggap terhadap keluhan pelanggan, serta petugas mudah dihubungi.
PERANCANGAN MESIN PRODUKSI TEPUNG IKAN
Authors: Seng Ahmad
Published: March 2016

Sektor industri merupakan sektor yang sangat potensial untuk pengembangan sumber daya manusia yang ada di tanah air. Berbagai industri telah dikembangkan terutama dalam industri permesinan, mulai dari yang menggunakan mesin dengan sistem kontrol sampai pada industri yang masih menggunakan campur tangan manusia (manual).Persaingan dibidang industri mendorong timbulnya revolusi dibidang industri yang dalam pelaksanaannya memerlukan perkembangan dalam bidang permesinan, serta keinginan manusia untuk memproduksi dengan cepat, efektif, dan ekonomis, menjadi dasar pengembangan mesin-mesin produksi. Kemajuan yang pesat dari mesin perkakas mendesak segala bentuk pekerjaan tangan yang lambat menjadi cepat dan efektif. Dari uraian latar belakang masalah yang dikemukakan diatas, maka penulis dapat merumuskan suatu rumusan masalah sebagai berikut: 1) Bagaimana cara atau proses pembuatan alat produksi tepung ikan 2)Bagaimana proses kerja mesin produksi tepung ikan yang efisien. 3)Bagaimana meningkatkan hasil produksi dan memajukan industri kecil dan menengah di Indonesia. Adapun tujuan  penelitian yang diharapkan adalah: 1) Mengetahui kapasitas alat produksi tepung ikan. 2)Membuat alat produksi tepung ikan mekanis. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, maka 1) 3kg ikan kering diolah dalam waktu 10,46 menit menghasilkan tepung ikan seberat 1,9 Kg. 2) Dari hasil penelitian diatas dapat diketahui kapasitas (Q) dari mesin tepung  ikan ini yaitu 17,19 Kg / Jam. 3) Efesiensi alat tepung ikan setelah diuji adalah 66,7 %. 4) Persentase ikan yang tidak jadi tepung ikan setelah diuji dalah 33,3 %. 5). Dalam pembuatan alat produksi tepung ikan, semakin rapat jarak pisau maka semakin halus tepung ikan yang dihasilkan. 6) Dari hasil pengambilan data pengujian mesin tepung ikan  didapat bahwa semakin sedikit ikan yang dimasukkan kedalam tangki penggilingansemakin cepat putaran yang terjadi
KEGAGALAN FUNGSI PENGEREMAN BIS DAN TRUK AKIBAT RUSAKNYA KOMPONEN RAKITAN KAMPAS REM
Authors: Wibowo Dwi Basuki , Haryanto Ismoyo
Published: March 2016

Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) mengklasifikasikan kendaraan bis dan truk (trailer dan container) sebagai heavy duty vehicle dimana rem, kopling, dan ban adalah komponen-komponen yang harus diperiksa secara rutin karena berkaitan dengan keamanan dan umur pemakaiannya yang relatif pendek. Sebagai komponen utama material gesek kampas rem memang harus bagus dan harus lolos serangkaian test sebagaimana diatur dalam berbagai standard yaitu SNI 09-0143-1987, ASTM G0115-04, ASTM D3359-02. Tetapi menurut The American Public Transportation Association (APTA BTS-SS-RP-003-07), kinerja sistim pengereman bis dan truk tidak semata-mata ditentukan oleh kualitas material kampas rem saja tetapi juga oleh kondisi brake shoe dan prosedur pemasangan (rebuild) kampas pada brake shoe. Dari hasil survey banyak pengusaha transportasi bis di Indonesia yang mengabaikan prosedur rebuild kampas rem yang telah distandarkan oleh APTA BTS-SS-RP-003-07 tersebut. Akibatnya kampas rem cepat aus, rem terkunci, dan yang paling parah adalah rem blong (rem tidak berfungsi). Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah mengkaji kemungkinan kerusakan brake shoe assembly (komponen rakitan kampas rem) saat pengereman yang berpotensi menyebabkan terjadinya kegagalan fungsi pengereman pada bis/truk.
PENGARUH TEMPERATUR TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK MEKANIK PADA SAMBUNGAN DIFUSI LOGAM TAK SEJENIS ANTARA SS400 DENGAN Al6061
Authors: Hariyanto Agus Hadi , Triyono Triyono , Supriyanto Agus
Published: March 2016

Diffusion welding on the disimilar metal between steel SS400 and aluminum Al6061 by using induction furnace, the temperature variation and filler variation. Temperature variations that are used 850⁰C, 875⁰C and 900⁰C. Filler that is used Fe and Cu powders, in variations filler Fe / Cu: 70/30%, 75/25%, 80/20%, on 30 minutes holding time. The results shows there is the presence of intermetallic layers in the temperaturs. Results of Scanning Electron Microscop (SEM), good diffusion process occurs on temperatures 850⁰C and filler variations Fe: 75%, Cu: 25%. It occurs interface bonding steel and aluminum on diffusion area. Interface bonding steel and aluminum will produces intermetalic layer Fe2Al3. The results of good hardness distribution occurs on 900⁰C filler variations Fe: 75%, Cu: 25%. It occurs intermetalic layer formation on diffusion area. Intermetalic layer formation is influenced by heat treatment and diffusion of Fe atoms and Cu atoms. The higher the heat treatment, the harder the Cu atoms. So it will affect the hardness intermetalic layer. By the higher heat treatment, the microstructure of the coating intermetalic will be so close. The more tightly layered arrangement intermatalic blistering effect on shear test. The results of tensile shear testing, high voltage value occurs on 900⁰C filler variations Fe: 75%, Cu: 25%. It is influenced by a continuous heating process, thus causing the Cu atoms will be hard. With high heat, Fe atoms will diffuse to the base metal aluminum and copper atoms will diffuse to the base metal and Al6061 SS400. So that the Fe and Cu atoms will bond with the base metal that affects the mechanical properties.
PEMBUATAN BATANG SILINDRIS DENGAN VARIASI UKURAN PARTIKEL SEKAM DARI SEKAM PADI
Authors: Iskandar Norman , Wicaksono Agung Eko , Fakhrudduja Moh Farid
Published: March 2016

Potensi sekam yang mencapai 15 juta ton pertahun merupakan sebuah potensi besar yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia. Masih dianggap sebagai sebuah limbah, pola pemanfaatan sekam masih belum optimal, meskipun banyak penelitian bahwa sekam bisa menjadi sumber energi, untuk pemurnian air, sumber silika, dan bahan bangunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkaya potensi peluang pemanfaatan sekam dalam mensubtitusi kebutuhan kayu untuk furniture serta untuk industri kreatif dimana saat ini sekam hanya digunakan untuk profil berupa papan saja. Profil yang akan dibuat adalah berupa batang silindris. Penelitian dilakukan secara experimental dengan menguji beberapa model batang silindris dengan memvariasikan ukuran butir yaitu 0,5mm, 1mm dan 1,5mm. Dari profil batang sekam padi diuji perubahan karakteristik sifat fisis dan sifat mekanisnya. Selain itu dari sisi kualitas tampilan produk yaitu warna dan tingkat kekasaran permukaan juga akan diperhatikan. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan hasil secara fisik maka kepadatan struktur batang akan meningkat secara linier seiring semakin halusnya ukuran butir. Sedangkan secara mekanis kenaikan kekuatan tarik yang dihasilkan juga mendekati grafik kenaikan secara linier. Secara tekstur maka kualitas produk dari sekam berukuran 0,5mm memiliki tekstur halus dan baik secara visual
STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL PENINGKATAN PERPINDAHAN PANAS ALIRAN TURBULEN PADA PENUKAR KALOR PIPA KONSENTRIK DENGAN PERFORATED TWISTED TAPE INSERT WITH PARALLEL WINGS
Authors: Yaningsih Indri , Istanto Tri , Juwana Wibawa Endra
Published: March 2016

Heat transfer, flow friction and thermal performance factor characteristics in a concentric pipe heat exchanger fitted perforated twisted tape insert with parallel wings (PTPW), using water as working fluid are investigated experimentally. The design of PTPW involves the following concepts: (1) wings induce an extra turbulence near tube wall and thus efficiently disrupt a thermal boundary layer (2) holes existing along a core tube, diminish pressure loss within the tube. The experiments are conducted using the PTPW with the three wing depth ratio (w/W = 0.16, 0.24 and 0.32) and constant the hole diameter ratio (d/W) of 0.24 over a Reynolds number range of 5800–18,500. A typical twisted tape insert (TT) was also tested for a comparison. The results show that both mean Nusselt number and mean friction factor associated by all twisted tape are consistently higher than those without twisted tape (plain tube). It is also found that Nusselt number, friction factor and thermal performance factor increase with increasing wing depth ratio. Over the range considered, Nusselt number and friction factor in a concentric pipe heat exchanger with the PTPW are, respectively, 1.14–1.42 and 1.12–1.40 times of those in the tube with typical twisted tape (TT).
Competition and Product Choice in Option Demand Markets
Authors: Sorek Gilad
Published: March 2016

This work presents the first analysis of competition through horizontal and vertical differentiation in option demand markets, which are common in the health-care sector. I studied two alternative market structures: (a) a “pure” option demand market where medical providers sell insurance directly to consumers and (b) a public insurance regime where the public insurer bargains over prices with providers before bundling both products under a single insurance policy. I show that (a) product choices in option demand markets differ greatly from those in respective spot markets and (b) bundling medical products under a single insurance policy alters product choices and equilibrium prices in a way that does not benefit consumers.
Creep Damage Analysis of a Lattice Truss Panel Structure
Authors: Jiang Wenchun , Li Shaohua , Luo Yun , Xu Shugen
Published: March 2016

The creep failure for a lattice truss sandwich panel structure has been predicted by finite element method (FEM). The creep damage is calculated by three kinds of stresses: as-brazed residual stress, operating thermal stress and mechanical load. The creep damage at tensile and compressive loads have been calculated and compared. The creep rate calculated by FEM, Gibson–Ashby and Hodge–Dunand models have been compared. The results show that the creep failure is located at the fillet at both tensile and creep loads. The damage rate at the fillet at tensile load is 50 times as much as that at compressive load. The lattice truss panel structure has a better creep resistance to compressive load than tensile load, because the creep and stress triaxiality at the fillet has been decreased at compressive load. The maximum creep strain at the fillet and the equivalent creep strain of the panel structure increase with the increase of applied load. Compared with Gibson–Ashby model and Hodge–Dunand models, the modified Gibson–Ashby model has a good prediction result compared with FEM. However, a more accurate model considering the size effect of the structure still needs to be developed.
Core/Shell Nanostructured Materials for Sustainable Processes
Authors: Sun Zhenkun , Kaliaguine Serge
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we summarize recent research efforts from our laboratory concerning the application of core/shell structured materials for sustainability. Special attention is paid to the synthesis of different core/shell materials from nanoscale to microscale by various methods. The potential applications of our prepared novel materials with core/shell configuration are discussed, which illustrates the diversity of situations where the core/shell structure brings a simple solution to different materials design problems.
The static imagery of vocation
Authors: Kroesbergen Hermen
Published: March 2016

This article deals with the question whether it is a problem to use a static imagery of vocation. Four relatively recent systematic theological monographs by Volf, Badcock, Schuurman and Hahnenberg on the topic of vocation criticize the idea that God in heaven has a blueprint for every individual life. This static imagery is assumed to be too uniform, too passive and too conservative to suit the modern way of life. It will be shown, however, that these consequences do not necessarily follow. A static imagery of vocation may be applied in a pluralist, active, transformative world; and the proposed alternative of a dynamic imagery of gifts may lead to uniform, passive and conservative living. Therefore, theologians should distinguish between a picture and how it is used. In the final paragraph it will be argued that the imagery of vocation does not need to be salvaged from its static nature, since, the more static features our concept of vocation has, the more dynamic its use may be.
The Role of Mutations at the Side Door on the Thermal Stability and Structural Flexibility of the pnbCE Enzyme
Authors: Rehman Habib U. , Gwaltney Steven R.
Published: March 2016

We have investigated the role of a specific gate residue, LEU362, located at the side-door
of the pnbCE enzyme, on the thermal stability and structural flexibility of the enzyme.
pnbCE is a bacterial carboxylesterase enzyme from Bacillus subtilis, which has
a structural resemblance as well as similar catalytic behavior to the mammalian
carboxylesterases. Mutations at the side-door residue 362 of pnbCE are known to alter the
catalytic activity of this enzyme. Using molecular dynamics simulations at several
temperatures, we have studied the mechanism through which mutations at position 362 of pnbCE
affect the structure and dynamics of this enzyme. We have identified two coil residues,
SER218 and GLN276, whose interactions with residue 362 in wild-type and mutant pnbCE enzymes
control the dynamics of the side-door domain of pnbCE. A hydrogen bond between the GLN276
and ARG362 residues in the arginine substituted (L362R) pnbCE mutant enzyme appears to be
responsible for locking the side-door domain region of the L362R enzyme, thus lowering the
catalytic rates of the L362R mutant pnbCE enzyme compared to the wild-type. Similarly,
a hydrogen bond formed between SER218 and ARG362 in L362R provides thermal stability to the
arginine substituted mutant enzyme. This hydrogen bond is not as prevalent in the wild-type
or other mutated pnbCE's, making them more prone to structural fluctuations upon increasing
temperature. A trade-off between thermal stability of pnbCE and flexibility of the
side-door domain region appears to be a best compromise for effectively controlling the
catalytic properties of mutated pnbCE enzymes.
Diversity Characterization of Binary Clusters by Means of a Generalized Distance
Authors: Ramírez Max , Rogan Jose , Valdivia Juan Alejandro , Varas Alejandro , Kiwi Miguel
Published: March 2016

We characterize, by means of the definition of a generalized distance, the differences and
similarities between binary nanoclusters. To define analytically, and to compute numerically
this distance, we have generalized an original concept that was introduced for pure
clusters. Since the diversity of cluster conformations grows exponentially with their size,
and becomes even larger when the cluster atoms are of more than one species, we limit our
attention to small ones. Thus, to illustrate and analyze our distance definition we
characterize the Lennard-Jones (LJ) minimum energy conformations of two- and
three-dimensional (2D and 3D) binary clusters, for 5 ≤ N ≤ 12, where N is the
number of atoms of the cluster. In addition, when varying the LJ potential parameters, we
find that the number of minima decreases as the range of the potential of one of the species
is increased, and confirm that minimal energy conformations adopt a well defined core-shell
configuration.
Detecting and Quantifying Geometric Features in Large Series of Cluster Structures
Authors: Joswig Jan-Ole , Lorenz Tommy
Published: March 2016

Detecting and quantifying geometric features in large series of cluster structures is in the
focus of the present paper. Three so-called similarity functions that have been presented
earlier are compared and their ability to point to highly symmetric clusters is shown. These
functions quantify the similarity between different cluster structures or between a cluster
and bulk structures. As an example, we have chosen a continuous series of Lennard–Jones
cluster structures with 350 to 1000 atoms. The similarity functions of these systems are
compared to other descriptions of relative stability, cluster shape and shell building and
are found to be very useful and reliable.
Utilization of Sustainable Materials for Soil Stabilization: State-of-the-Art
Authors: Jayanthi P. N. V. , Singh D. N.
Published: March 2016

Most of the challenging soil deposits necessitate their stabilization either by adopting mechanical modification, which includes soil replacement, compaction, surcharge loading and piling or chemical alteration by using lime, cement, and chemical additives. These methods of stabilization are oriented towards improving certain defined properties such as plasticity, swell potential, strength, and density of the soil mass. Besides, one of the most crucial challenges that is faced is “stabilization induced cracking of the fine-grained soils,” which turns out to be the basic reason for the failure of the soil mass and subsequent failure of the structures. However, concerns such as non-availability of the ideal soil for replacement of the native soil and even inaccessibility of the site and laborious soil-stabilizer mixing methods necessitate exploring suitable alternatives for stabilization of such soil deposits that adds up to the vows of the practicing engineers. A few other pressing issues which need to be addressed are the adverse effects caused by these additives on the environment (viz., release of greenhouse gases and/or subsequent leaching of chemicals into the ground water). In such a scenario, application of industrial by products (viz., fly ash, cement kiln dust, blast furnace slag, rice husk ash, silica fumes, red mud, and textile waste), which could be defined as “sustainable materials,” find a special place in the modern-day soil stabilization and modification exercise. Keeping this in view, a critical synthesis of the literature has been presented in this paper, which showcases superiority of the sustainable materials over the conventionally used soil stabilizers and the need for conducting further research to make these materials an easy and choicest replacement over the former.
Electric Erosion Induced Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Spark Plasma Sintered Al-4.5 wt. % Cu Alloy
Authors: Devaraj S. , Kumar R. , Sankaran S.
Published: March 2016

The Al-4.5 wt.% Cu powder was compacted by spark plasma sintering at three compaction pressures namely 30, 40, and 50 MPa maintaining temperature constant at 500°C. Porosity seems to be closed in all the 3 cases. Relative density of S-50 is decreased due to increase in electrical erosion holes. Transmission electron microscopy studies reveal the presence of dislocations in all the compacts and shear bands observed only in the compact sintered at 50 MPa. A power law creep mechanism involving dislocations is found to be observed in all the compacts sintered at all pressures, which is evident from the TEM micrographs as well. The dissolution of Al2Cu precipitates in the aluminum matrix, and the increase in electric erosion holes were noticed with increase in pressure from 30 to 50 MPa. The decrease in the volume fraction of Al2Cu phase and the increase in the formation of electric erosion holes resulted in reduced hardness and compression strengths of the compacts.
Aging Behavior of Pb Alloy–45 Vol. % Fly Ash Microballoon Composites
Authors: Daoud A. , Abou El-Khair M. T. , Fairouz F. , Mohammed E. , Lotfy A. , Rohatgi P. K.
Published: March 2016

Composites comprising Pb alloys and 45 vol. % of nickel-coated flay ash (FA) microballoons were manufactured by stir casting method. Aging studies were carried out on the Pb alloys and composites in order to investigate the influence of the microballoons' presence on the aging behavior. The Pb matrix alloys and their composites were solution treated at 280°C for 5 h, and water quenched and aged at 60 and 100°C for various times. Aging investigation revealed that the peak hardness attained in the composite is higher than that of the Pb matrix alloy because of the refined structures of the composites in comparison to those of the Pb alloys, the presence of the microballoons, as well as increasing dislocation density in the composites. Also, the existence of FA microballoons in the Pb-0.06 Ca-1.2 Sn alloy results in an accelerating the age hardening kinetics of the composites. However, in case of Pb-0.13Ca -0.3 Sn-0.014 Al and Pb-0.065Ca-1.1 Sn-0.014 Ag based composites, the presence of the microballoons do not significantly affect the time for peak aging.
Heat Treatment of Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steels Alloyed With Niobium
Authors: Mariani F. E. , Takeya G. S. , Casteletti L. C. , Neto A. L. , Totten G. E.
Published: March 2016

Precipitation-hardening stainless steels are iron-nickel-chromium alloys containing precipitation hardening elements such as aluminum, titanium, niobium, and copper. In this work, heat treatment of a novel precipitation hardening stainless steel using niobium as a forming element for the hardening precipitates was carried out in order to increase its hardness. The steel composition was 0.03C - 0.22Si - 17.86Cr - 3.91Ni - 2.19Mo - 1.96Nb (in wt.%). The samples were solution annealed at 1100°C for 2 h. Cooling was done in oil and the samples were subsequently aged at 500, 550, and 600°C. The solution annealed samples exhibited an average hardness of 30 Hardness Rockwell–Scale C and after the aging treatments, the hardness increased to 46 HRC. The hardness increases during the aging treatments were very fast. A 5 min treatment achieved hardness levels that were close to the maximum obtained for this alloy. Niobium was an efficient precipitation hardeners forming a Laves phase of the type Fe2Nb.