bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi, Peluang dan Tantangan Membangun Kerukunan Pemuda Di Era Milenial
Authors: Huda M Thoriqul
Published: September 2021

Abstrak;

Kerukunan menjadi hal penitng dalam kehidupan masyarakat, terlebih dalam kondisi masyarakat yang heterogen seperti Indonesia, hidup rukun bermasyarakat menjadi hal wajib yang harus ada di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Indonesia yang terdiri dari beragam suku, agama dan budaya memiliki potensi konflik yang luar biasa jika masing-masing individu tidak bisa dewasa dalam memahami realitas keberagaman tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yakni peneliti melakukan observasi ke lapangan secara langsung, dengan menggunakan berbagai metode dalam penggalian data diantarnaya seperti wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, serta analisa data. Adapun objek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah Forum Komunikasi generasi Muda Antar Umat Beragama (FORKUGAMA) Provinsi Jawa Timur, forum pemuda lintas agama ini menarik untuk diteliti di tengah-tengah kondisi masyarakat yang sedang intens diuiji dengan berbagai isu SARA d alam beberapa tahun terakhir ini. Dalam penelitian ini ada beberapa temuan yang peneliti temukan di lapangan diantaranya terkait dengan strategi yang dilakukan oleh pemuda dalam membangun kerukunan, ada 4 point yakni, perkuat jaringan media sosial, membangun forum diskusi pemuda lintas agama, menanamkan nilai toleransi sejak dini serta perbanyak narasi moderat dalam beragama. Untuk mewujudkan strategi tersebut masyarakat telah memiliki modal penting dalam membangun kerukunan, yakni faktor budaya, faktor berbangsa, peran elit keagamaan, peran politisi dan pemerintah, akan tetapi ada pula faktor penghambat dalam membangun kerukunan diantarnya faktor persaingan politik, pendirian rumah ibadat yang sering ricuh, penyalahgunaan simbol agama, faham keagamaan yang menyimpang, ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan modernisasi yang berlebihan.
İMAM HATİP ORTAOKULU ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN ROL MODEL TERCİHLERİ ÖLÇEĞİ: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: ALGUR Hüseyin , KAYA Zeynep
Published: September 2021

İmam Hatip Ortaokulu Öğrencilerinin Rol Model Tercihleri Ölçeği (İHORMÖ) sosyal öğrenme teorisi temelinde oluşturulmuş bir ölçektir. Bu teoriden hareketle çalışmada İmam Hatip Ortaokulu (İHO) öğrencilerinin sosyal yaşantılarında model alma tercihlerine yön veren unsurlar tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın temel amacı, İHORMÖ’nün geçerlik ve güvenilirlik analizini yapmaktır. Araştırma Ankara’da yer alan 11 İHO’da öğrenim gören 225’i kadın, 132’si erkek olmak üzere 357 öğrenci üzerinde gönüllülük esasına dayalı olarak uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda 3 faktör altında 15 maddenin yer aldığı, açıkladığı varyans toplamda %72,74 olan, geçerlik ve güvenilir testlerinden geçmiş bir ölçek geliştirilmiştir. Ölçeğin alt boyutlarına; “Dışa dönük Kişilik Özellikleri”, “Dini Yaşantı Özellikleri” ve “İçe dönük Kişilik Özellikleri” adları verilmiştir. Açımlayıcı faktör analiziyle ulaşılan yapının model uyumu, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile test edilerek onaylanmıştır.
Identıfıcatıon of Virus Causes of Mosaic Diseases in Zucchini Plants in the Bali Island of Indonesia
Authors: PANDAWANİ Ni Putu , WIDNYANA I Ketut
Published: September 2021

Mosaic disease has become epidemic in the zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) plantations on the island of Bali, but the cause of the disease is not yet known with certainty, although there are allegations of common causes including the Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). This study aims to ascertain the cause of the mosaic disease which was carried out by observation of the symptoms, proving Koch’s postulates and using Indirect-ELISA serological tests. Indirect-ELISA method was carried out following the manufacturer’s instructions DSMZ (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH) Germany using several antisera namely, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV, DSMZ, Germany), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, Agdia Inc., USA) and Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV, Agdia Inc., USA). Results showed that the occurrence of mosaic diseases in zucchini plantations with very diverse symptoms as malformation and distortion of the leaves and the fruits, blistering, vein clearing, vein banding and shoestring symptoms with disease ranging from 87.17% to 92.72%. Following of Koch’s postulatesmechanical inoculations were carried out using mosaic diseased leaf extract obtained a success of transmission rate of 100%. Where, healthy zucchini plants that were inoculated with mosaic symptomatic plants exhibit the same symptoms as mosaic symptoms found in the field. The main findings of this study are serological tests with Indirect-ELISA showed that 75% of zucchini plants were infected by ZYMV and as many as 8.33% were positive to CMV. There are no plants infected with PRSV. It can be concluded that the causes of zucchini mosaics on the island of Bali are ZYMV and CMV.
The Effect of Building Orientation on Utilization of Solar Energy in Dairy Cattle Barns
Authors: DELİCE Hatice , YASLIOĞLU Erkan
Published: September 2021

In Turkey and the World, energy demand is continuously increased. In addition to the rapid depletion of fossil fuel resources used to supply the energy needs, ambient temperatures is risen, glaciers are melt and natural disasters are occured in our planet. In addition, people, animals and plants are greatly damaged due to the adverse effects of soil, water and air pollution. Solar energy is renewable, clean and easily accessible energy. Our country is more advantageous in terms of solar energy potential in comparison to many other countries and benefitting from this potential is very important. With the increasing importance of renewable energy sources, photovoltaic (PV) panels, which are able to convert solar energy directly into electrical energy, are not polluting the environment and easy to implement, are become more common. The inclination angle and position of the photovoltaic panels are the parameters that directly affect the production of electrical energy. Electrical energy is extensively used in agricultural production activities, as in every field. Especially, in animal production systems, the cost of electrical energy is an important input due to the high mechanization and the use of automation. This study was carried out in the dairy cattle barn with a capacity of 50 head in Bursa province. It was aimed to determine the amount of electrical energy produced by photovoltaic (PV) panels, located on the barn roof in four different directions (North-South, East-West, Northeast-Southwest, Northwest-Southeast), and also to find out whether produced energy is sufficient or not to meet the energy requirement of the barn. The electrical energy produced by the panels to be placed on the roofs was determined by using PVSOL software. According to the results, the amount of electrical energy produced from the panels with North-South (N), East-West (E), Northeast-Southwest (NE) and Northwest-Southeast (NW) orientation was determined as 179.453,0 kWh, 159.655,0 kWh, 175.950,0 kWh and 138.245,0 kWh, respectively. The annual electrical energy requirement of the barn with 50 head capacity was calculated as 25.200,0 kWh. In this case, it was calculated that the energy produced from the N, E, NE and NW orientations met the requirements of the barn by 5 to 7 times.
Yield and Water Use of Eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) Under Different Irrigation Regimes and Fertilizers
Authors: ALİ Mahmud , GENÇOĞLAN Cafer , GENÇOĞLAN Serpil , UÇAK Ali
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted ın Bandırma (Balıkesir, Turkey) during the growing season of the plant in 2017 and 2018 to determine the effect of four levels of irrigation water and three kinds of fertilizer on yield and water use of field-grown eggplant (solanum melongena). Treatments included four irrigation regimes, which were 100% (I100, control), 80% (I80), 60% (I60), and 40% (I40) of evaporation from Class A Pan and three different fertilizers, which were chemical fertilizer CHF; N, P, K (20-20-20+15 SO3) added as 40 kg da-1 organic fertilizer (OF) added as 2000 kg da-1 and developed organic fertilizer (DOF) added as 2000 kg da-1. Total irrigation water of 305 mm and 360 mm were applied to I100 irrigation treatment, in which water use was determined as 447 mm and 436 mm, respectively. In both experiment years, the effect of irrigation level on fruit yield was found to be significant statistically (p<0.05) but the effect of fertilizers treatments and irrigation x fertilizer interaction was insignificant (p>0.05). The highest yield with 3681and 4515 kg da-1 was harvested from I100 irrigation treatment, and the lowest yield with 3021 and 2792 kg da-1 from I40 irrigation treatment, respectively. As for fertilizer, the highest yield with 3462 and 3878 kg da-1 was harvested from DOF, while the lowest yield with 3258 and 3629 kg da-1 from OF, respectively. Water use efficiency (WUE) ranged from 8.26 to 12.54 kg mm-1 and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) from 11.9 to 25.68 kg mm-1 in the experimental years. Thus, in irrigation programming, the Kcp3: 0.80 plant-pan coefficient and in fertilizer application, DOF is recommended for field-grown eggplant.
Development of Quality Characteristics of Pasta Enriched with Lupin (Lupinus albus L.) Flour and Resistant Starch Type 4
Authors: YAVER Elif , BİLGİÇLİ Nermin
Published: September 2021

Lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is a leguminous seed with a good source of protein, dietary fiber, fat, and is an alternative to soybean. Resistant starch, a prebiotic dietary fiber, cannot be digested in the small intestine; can help prevent diabetes, some cancer types, obesity, intestinal diseases and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, 15% lupin flour (debittered by traditional method and ultrasound application) and 10% resistant starch type 4 (RS4) were used in pasta production to improve its nutritional quality. The effects of vital gluten and/or transglutaminase on color, cooking quality, thermal and sensory properties of pasta containing lupin flour and RS4 were investigated. Ultrasound application had no adverse impact on the color L*, a*, b*, water uptake, cooking loss, thermal and sensory (color, taste, odor, appearance, stickiness and overall acceptability) properties of pasta samples compared to traditional lupin debittering method. Compared to 100% semolina pasta, addition of lupin flour and RS4 revealed a higher b* value, cooking loss and gelatinization onset temperature, and lower volume increase, firmness and gelatinization enthalpy values in pasta. The use of additives (vital gluten, transglutaminase and vital gluten + transglutaminase) improved the volume increase, cooking loss and firmness values of pasta containing 15% lupin flour + 10% RS4. The lowest cooking loss values were obtained in 100% semolina pasta (4.62%) as well as pasta samples supplemented with vital gluten (4.82%) and vital gluten + transglutaminase (4.90%). The color, taste and odor scores of 15% lupin flour + 10% RS4 pasta samples prepared with additives were close to each other. The addition of vital gluten and vital gluten + transglutaminase presented similar overall acceptability scores to 100% semolina pasta (P>0.05).
Utilização de ferramentas de idoneidade didática para análise do conceito de função em livros didáticos
Authors: Braga Nádia Helena , Santos-Wagner Vânia Maria Pereira
Published: September 2021

Este artigo é parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado em Educação Matemática. Apresenta uma análise do conceito intuitivo de função de um dos livros investigados e de uma atividade proposta aos alunos. O objetivo é trazer alguns aspectos de análise da abordagem do conceito de função em livros didáticos de Matemática da 1ª série do ensino médio adotados em escolas públicas brasileiras. Os componentes e indicadores da idoneidade epistêmica, cognitiva, instrucional e ecológica, que compõem as dimensões da idoneidade didática da Teoria do Enfoque Ontossemiótico do Conhecimento e Instrução Matemática (EOS) fundamentam esse estudo. Os achados podem auxiliar o professor a decidir como usar livros didáticos, superar algumas limitações de uso desses livros e enriquecer o planejamento de aulas ao introduzir outras tarefas que favoreçam a aprendizagem de estudantes.
Warming conditions boost reproductive output for a northern gopher tortoise population
Authors: Hunter EA , Loope KJ , Drake KK , Hanley K , Jones DN , Shoemaker KT , Rostal DC
Published: September 2021

The effects of climate change on at-risk species will depend on how life history processes respond to climate and whether the seasonal timing of local climate changes overlaps with species-specific windows of climate sensitivity. For long-lived, iteroparous species like gopher tortoises Gopherus polyphemus, climate likely has a greater influence on reproduction than on adult survival. Our objective was to estimate the timing, magnitude, and direction of climate-driven effects on gopher tortoise reproductive output using a 25 yr dataset collected in southeastern Georgia, USA, near the northern edge of the species’ range. We assessed the timing of climate effects on reproductive output (both probability of reproduction and clutch size) by fitting models with climate covariates (maximum temperature, precipitation, and temperature range) summarized at all possible time intervals (in 1 mo increments) within the 24 mo period prior to the summer census date. We then fit a final model of reproductive output as a function of the identified climate variables and time windows using a Bayesian mixture model. Probability of reproduction was positively correlated with the prior year’s April-May maximum temperature, and clutch size was positively correlated with the prior year’s June maximum temperature. April-May and June maximum temperatures have increased over the past 3 decades at the study site, which likely led to an increase in clutch size of approximately 1 egg (15% increase over a mean of 6.5 eggs). However, the net effect of climate change on gopher tortoise population dynamics will depend on whether there are opposing or reinforcing climate responses for other demographic rates.
Quantifying egg attendance behaviours of wild Asian houbara can improve artificial incubation outcomes
Authors: Burnside RJ , Shaffer SA , Cuscó F , Rahman M , Scotland KM
Published: September 2021

Artificial incubation is fundamental in ex situ avian conservation interventions for an increasing range of threatened species, but incubation parameters can differ between species. Both egg-turning angle and frequency are critical for successful embryonic development, but measuring these parameters in wild birds has historically been difficult. Using data-loggers inside artificial eggs that accurately record parental egg attendance behaviours, we quantified turning angles and rates throughout the incubation of 6 nesting wild Asian houbaras Chlamydotis macqueenii, a species bred in captivity in response to human over-exploitation. Wild females turned their eggs 0.6 times h-1 with a mean angle of 40.9° turn-1. Mimicking the patterns of wild birds (‘wild’ treatment), we applied a mean angular change of 40-50° turn once h-1 to artificially incubated eggs and compared this to eggs treated with an existing protocol (‘control’) of 120-130° per turn. Mean hatchability for the wild treatment (78.8%, n = 766) was similar to the control (76.6%, n = 1196). The wild treatment (n = 591) produced significantly heavier hatchlings (2.7%) than the control treatment (n = 893). However, chick growth rates (g d-1 and daily % mass change) and survival to Day 10 were not different between groups. The wild treatment demonstrates that turning angles affect embryo development and, perhaps, hatchability. Investigating natural incubation behaviours using egg-loggers and applying these patterns to artificial incubation appears efficacious to achieve optimal incubation protocols and reduce the need for ex situ trial and error refinement in conservation interventions of captive-bred threatened bird species.
Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Produk Digital CRM di PT Infomedia Nusantara
Authors: Aduski Erlina , Hadi Prasetyo , Ishaq Rusdi Musa
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this research is to reformulate the marketing strategy of Digital CRM products where at this time, in the digital era, the contribution of revenue generated by CRM Digital is still very low if we compared with Inbound Call (Legacy CRM). This research applied the qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research and using PEST analysis, Industry Environment 5 Forces Porter Analysis, SWOT, and 7P Marketing Mix. Based on the analysis of external and internal factors, we get several alternative strategies such as 1) Product: focus on offering Integrated Omnichannel products, offering CRM as Managed Service; increasing maturity of application or platform and providing analytics enablers as a competitive advantage, 2) Price: implementing a flexible business scheme and conducting cost leadership, 3) Place: maximizing Telkom's Customer Facing Unit (CFUE) for marketing channels and doing global penetration, 4) People: building capabilities and competencies through training and certification 4) Process: make transformation process from conventional into automation, cognitive and Artificial Intelligence; Collaborate with partners to build a digital platform, robotics, and analytics 5) Promotion: creating brand awareness, channel awareness and focus on internal promotion at TelkomGroup.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui existing strategi pemasaran produk Digital CRM dan merumuskan ulang strategi pemasaran berdasarkan alternatif strategi yang diusulkan. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif yang menggunakan analisis faktor eksternal dan internal yaitu Analisis PEST, Analisis Lingkungan Industri 5 Forces Porter, 7S Mckinsey, SWOT, STP dan Bauran Pemasaran 7P. Alternatif Strategi yang diusulkan: 1) Product: fokus pada produk Integrated Omnichannel, menawarkan layanan CRM sebagai Managed Service, peningkatan maturity dari segi aplikasi /platform dan memberikan analytics enabler sebagai bentuk competitive advantage, 2) Price: Merapkan flexible business scheme dan melakukan Cost Leadership, 3) Place: memaksimalkan Customer Facing Unit Enterprise (CFUE) Telkom untuk channel pemasaran , melakukan penetrasi Global 4) People : membangun kemampuan dan kompetensi melalui training, sertifikasi, dan sharing session; redefine job roles, pembuatan kebijakan project delivery,  mengembangkan roadmap untuk operational talent, 5) Promotion: meng-create Brand Awareness, and Channel Awareness serta fokus melakukan promosi di internal TelkomGroup.

Kata kunci : Strategi Pemasaran; Analisis PEST, 5 Forces Porter, SWOT, Bauran Pemasaran 7P.
Pengaruh Sales (penjualan) dan Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba
Authors: Sulbahri Rifani Akbar
Published: September 2021

The company always wants its business to grow. These developments will occur if supported by the ability of management to establish policies in planning, obtaining, and utilizing funds to maximize corporate values. It cannot be denied that profit growth cannot be separated from the company's financial performance. One of the most commonly used financial analysis tools is financial ratios. This research was conducted to reexamine the relationship of Sales and financial ratios with profit growth. The inconsistency of the results from previous studies caused this issue to be interesting to be examined again. This study aims to provide evidence that the variable Sales (Sales) and Debt to Equity Ratio, affect the profit growth. The conclusion in this study obtained Sales significant effect on earnings changes with the value of prob. sales variable <critical probability value (α = 5%) of 0.0043 <0.05, so that the sales variable has a significant effect on earnings changes.DER has a significant effect on earnings changes on prob. DER variable <critical probability value (α = 5%) of 0.0000 <0.05, so that the DER variable has a significant effect on earnings changes.

 

Abstrak

Perusahaan senantiasa menginginkan usahanya berkembang. Perkembangan tersebut akan terjadi apabila didukung oleh adanya kemampuan manajemen dalam menetapkan kebijaksanaan dalam merencanakan, mendapatkan, dan memanfaatkan dana-dana untuk memaksimumkan nilai-nilai perusahaan. Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa pertumbuhan laba tidak bisa terlepas dari kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Salah satu alat analisis keuangan yang paling sering digunakan adalah rasio keuangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji kembali hubungan Sales (Penjualan) dan rasio keuangan dengan pertumbuhan laba.Adanya ketidak konsistenan hasil dari penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya menyebabkan isu ini menarik untuk diteliti kembali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bukti bahwa variabel Sales (Penjualan) dan Debt to Equity Ratio,berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan laba. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini didapat Sales berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Perubahan laba dengan Nilai prob. variabel sales < nilai probabilitas kritis (α = 5%) sebesar 0.0043 < 0,05, sehingga variabel sales berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan laba.DER berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Perubahan laba Nilai prob. variabel DER < nilai probabilitas kritis (α = 5%) sebesar 0.0000 < 0.05, sehingga variabel DER berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan laba.

Kata Kunci : Pertumbuhan Laba, Penjualan, DER
Pengaruh Komitmen dan Kompensasi terhadap Kinerja Dosen pada Perguruan Tinggi Swasta (PTS)
Authors: Armanto Rully , Gunarto Muji
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of commitment and compensation on lecturer performance in private universities (PTS). The performance of lecturers in Indonesia, especially in PTS, is still considered unsatisfactory when compared to lecturers in state universities (PTN). The main factor that is suspected to be the cause is the commitment of the foundation as the owner and leader of the higher education institution as the manager and the compensation which is still low. The research sample was the permanent lecturers of the foundation at PTS in Palembang, totaling 44 respondents. The sampling technique used is cluster random sampling at Universities, Colleges, Academies, and Polytechnics. The statistical analysis technique used multiple regression analysis with the help of SPSS software. The results showed that commitment and compensation had a significant effect on the performance of lecturers at private universities in Palembang City. The most dominant factor in the performance of PTS lecturers in Palembang City is compensation, meaning that by increasing the compensation for lecturers, their performance will increase. The results of this study really provide input for the improvement of private universities in Palembang City because when viewed from the permanent income of private universities in Palembang City, it is still below the average decent income of a lecturer.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh komitmen dan kompensasi terhadap kinerja dosen pada Perguruan Tinggi Swasta (PTS). Kinerja dosen di Indonesia khususnya di PTS masih dirasa belum memuaskan jika dibandingkan dengan dosen di Perguruan Tinggi negeri (PTN). Faktor utama yang diduga menjadi penyebabnya adalah komitmen yayasan sebagai pemilik dan pimpinan perguruan tinggi sebagai pengelola serta kompensasi yang dirasa masih rendah. Sampel penelitian adalah dosen tetap yayasan pada PTS di Kota Palembang yang berjumlah 44 orang responden. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah cluster random sampling pada Universitas, Sekolah Tinggi, Akademi dan Politeknik. Teknik analisis statistik digunakan analisis regresi berganda dengan bantuan software SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komitmen dan kompensasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja dosen pada PTS di Kota Palembang. Faktor yang paling dominan terhadap kinerja dosen PTS di Kota Palembang adalah kompensasi, artinya bahwa dengan meningkatnya kompensasi bagi dosen, maka kinerjanya akan meningkat. Hasil penelitian ini sangat memberikan masukan bagi perbaikan PTS di Kota Palembang karena jika dilihat dari pendapatan dosen tetap pada PTS di Kota Palembang masih dibawah rata-rata pendapatan layak seorang dosen.
State of the art in dissociative electron attachment spectroscopy and its prospects
Authors: Pshenichnyuk S A , Asfandiarov N L , Vorob’ev A S , Matejčík Š
Published: September 2021

The latest achievements are presented in experimental and theoretical studies of resonance scattering of low-energy (0–15-eV) electrons from molecular targets in a gas phase resulting in the formation and decay of negative ions. The focus is on dissociative electron attachment spectroscopy for studying the microsecond dynamics of molecules containing an excess electron. Some studies of fundamental processes in isolated negative ions containing up to several electronvolts of excess energy are briefly described, and the possibility of using the results in interdisciplinary fields is discussed. A goal of the paper is to attract attention to the above-mentioned studies, which are rapidly developing abroad but only scarcely presented in the domestic literature.
Mechanisms for Alternaria alternata Function in the Skin During Induction of Peanut Allergy in Neonatal Mice With Skin Barrier Mutations
Authors: Buelow Lauren M. , Hoji Akihiko , Tat Kiet , Schroeder-Carter Lindsay M. , Carroll Daniela J. , Cook-Mills Joan M.
Published: September 2021

Neonatal mice with heterozygous mutations in genes encoding the skin barrier proteins filaggrin and mattrin (flaky tail mice [FT+/−]) exhibit oral peanut-induced anaphylaxis after skin sensitization. As we have previously reported, sensitization in this model is achieved via skin co- exposure to the environmental allergen Alternaria alternata (Alt), peanut extract (PNE), and detergent. However, the function of Alt in initiation of peanut allergy in this model is little understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate candidate cytokines induced by Alt in the skin and determine the role of these cytokines in the development of food allergy, namely oncostatin M (Osm), amphiregulin (Areg), and IL-33. RT-qPCR analyses demonstrated that skin of FT+/− neonates expressed Il33 and Osm following Alt or Alt/PNE but not PNE exposure. By contrast, expression of Areg was induced by either Alt, PNE, or Alt/PNE sensitization in FT+/− neonates. In scRNAseq analyses, Osm, Areg, and Il33 were expressed by several cell types, including a keratinocyte cluster that was expanded in the skin of Alt/PNE-exposed FT+/− pups as compared to Alt/PNE-exposed WT pups. Areg and OSM were required for oral PNE-induced anaphylaxis since anaphylaxis was inhibited by administration of neutralizing anti-Areg or anti-OSM antibodies prior to each skin sensitization with Alt/PNE. It was then determined if intradermal injection of recombinant IL33 (rIL33), rAreg, or rOSM in the skin could substitute for Alt during skin sensitization to PNE. PNE skin sensitization with intradermal rIL33 was sufficient for oral PNE-induced anaphylaxis, whereas skin sensitization with intradermal rAreg or rOSM during skin exposure to PNE was not sufficient for anaphylaxis to oral PNE challenge. Based on these studies a pathway for IL33, Areg and OSM in Alt/PNE sensitized FT+/− skin was defined for IgE induction and anaphylaxis. Alt stimulated two pathways, an IL33 pathway and a pathway involving OSM and Areg. These two pathways acted in concert with PNE to induce food allergy in pups with skin barrier mutations.
Integrating Audio Signal Processing and Deep Learning Algorithms for Gait Pattern Classification in Brazilian Gaited Horses
Authors: Alves Anderson Antonio Carvalho , Andrietta Lucas Tassoni , Lopes Rafael Zinni , Bussiman Fernando Oliveira , Silva Fabyano Fonseca e , Carvalheiro Roberto , Brito Luiz Fernando , Balieiro Júlio César de Carvalho , Albuquerque Lucia Galvão , Ventura Ricardo Vieira
Published: September 2021

This study focused on assessing the usefulness of using audio signal processing in the gaited horse industry. A total of 196 short-time audio files (4 s) were collected from video recordings of Brazilian gaited horses. These files were converted into waveform signals (196 samples by 80,000 columns) and divided into training (N = 164) and validation (N = 32) datasets. Twelve single-valued audio features were initially extracted to summarize the training data according to the gait patterns (Marcha Batida—MB and Marcha Picada—MP). After preliminary analyses, high-dimensional arrays of the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), Onset Strength (OS), and Tempogram (TEMP) were extracted and used as input information in the classification algorithms. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using the 12 single-valued features set and each audio-feature dataset—AFD (MFCC, OS, and TEMP) for prior data visualization. Machine learning (random forest, RF; support vector machine, SVM) and deep learning (multilayer perceptron neural networks, MLP; convolution neural networks, CNN) algorithms were used to classify the gait types. A five-fold cross-validation scheme with 10 repetitions was employed for assessing the models' predictive performance. The classification performance across models and AFD was also validated with independent observations. The models and AFD were compared based on the classification accuracy (ACC), specificity (SPEC), sensitivity (SEN), and area under the curve (AUC). In the logistic regression analysis, five out of the 12 audio features extracted were significant (p < 0.05) between the gait types. ACC averages ranged from 0.806 to 0.932 for MFCC, from 0.758 to 0.948 for OS and, from 0.936 to 0.968 for TEMP. Overall, the TEMP dataset provided the best classification accuracies for all models. The most suitable method for audio-based horse gait pattern classification was CNN. Both cross and independent validation schemes confirmed that high values of ACC, SPEC, SEN, and AUC are expected for yet-to-be-observed labels, except for MFCC-based models, in which clear overfitting was observed. Using audio-generated data for describing gait phenotypes in Brazilian horses is a promising approach, as the two gait patterns were correctly distinguished. The highest classification performance was achieved by combining CNN and the rhythmic-descriptive AFD.
Large-Scale Protein Interactions Prediction by Multiple Evidence Analysis Associated With an In-Silico Curation Strategy
Authors: Martins Yasmmin Côrtes , Ziviani Artur , Nicolás Marisa Fabiana , de Vasconcelos Ana Tereza Ribeiro
Published: September 2021

Predicting the physical or functional associations through protein-protein interactions (PPIs) represents an integral approach for inferring novel protein functions and discovering new drug targets during repositioning analysis. Recent advances in high-throughput data generation and multi-omics techniques have enabled large-scale PPI predictions, thus promoting several computational methods based on different levels of biological evidence. However, integrating multiple results and strategies to optimize, extract interaction features automatically and scale up the entire PPI prediction process is still challenging. Most procedures do not offer an in-silico validation process to evaluate the predicted PPIs. In this context, this paper presents the PredPrIn scientific workflow that enables PPI prediction based on multiple lines of evidence, including the structure, sequence, and functional annotation categories, by combining boosting and stacking machine learning techniques. We also present a pipeline (PPIVPro) for the validation process based on cellular co-localization filtering and a focused search of PPI evidence on scientific publications. Thus, our combined approach provides means to extensive scale training or prediction of new PPIs and a strategy to evaluate the prediction quality. PredPrIn and PPIVPro are publicly available at https://github.com/YasCoMa/predprin and https://github.com/YasCoMa/ppi_validation_process.
Exosomes From M2 Macrophage Promote Peritendinous Fibrosis Posterior Tendon Injury via the MiR-15b-5p/FGF-1/7/9 Pathway by Delivery of circRNA-Ep400
Authors: Yu Yinxian , Sun Binbin , Wang Zhuoying , Yang Mengkai , Cui Zhi , Lin Subin , Jin Mingming , Yi Chengqing
Published: September 2021

Achilles tendon rupture prognosis is usually unsatisfactory. After the tendon is injured, it may not function properly because of the fibrotic healing response, which restrains tendon motion. Inflammatory monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages are indispensable regulators in tissue repair, fibrosis, and regeneration. Exosomes from macrophages are crucial factors in tissue microenvironment regulation following tissue injury. This study therefore aimed to clarify the roles of macrophage exosomes in tendon injury (TI) repair. The results show that macrophages play a role after TI. M1 macrophages were increased relative to peritendinous fibrosis after TI. High-throughput sequencing showed abnormal expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) between exosomes from M2 and M0 macrophages. Among the abnormal expressions of circRNA, circRNA-Ep400 was significantly increased in M2 macrophage exosomes. The results also show that M2 macrophage-derived circRNA-Ep400-containing exosomes are important for promoting peritendinous fibrosis after TI. Bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporting experiments confirmed that miR-15b-5p and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1/7/9 were downstream targets of circRNA-Ep400. High circRNA-Ep400-containing exosome treatment inhibited miR-15b-5p, but promoted FGF1/7/9 expression in both fibroblasts and tenocytes. Furthermore, high circRNA-Ep400-containing exosome treatment promoted fibrosis, proliferation, and migration in both fibroblasts and tenocytes. Taken together, the results show that M2 macrophage-derived circRNA-Ep400-containing exosomes promote peritendinous fibrosis after TI via the miR-15b-5p/FGF-1/7/9 pathway, which suggests novel therapeutics for tendon injury treatment.
Reproductive Suicide: Similar Mechanisms of Aging in C. elegans and Pacific Salmon
Authors: Gems David , Kern Carina C. , Nour Joseph , Ezcurra Marina
Published: September 2021

In some species of salmon, reproductive maturity triggers the development of massive pathology resulting from reproductive effort, leading to rapid post-reproductive death. Such reproductive death, which occurs in many semelparous organisms (with a single bout of reproduction), can be prevented by blocking reproductive maturation, and this can increase lifespan dramatically. Reproductive death is often viewed as distinct from senescence in iteroparous organisms (with multiple bouts of reproduction) such as humans. Here we review the evidence that reproductive death occurs inC. elegansand discuss what this means for its use as a model organism to study aging. Inhibiting insulin/IGF-1 signaling and germline removal suppresses reproductive death and greatly extends lifespan inC. elegans, but can also extend lifespan to a small extent in iteroparous organisms. We argue that mechanisms of senescence operative in reproductive death exist in a less catastrophic form in iteroparous organisms, particularly those that involve costly resource reallocation, and exhibit endocrine-regulated plasticity. Thus, mechanisms of senescence in semelparous organisms (including plants) and iteroparous ones form an etiological continuum. Therefore understanding mechanisms of reproductive death inC. eleganscan teach us about some mechanisms of senescence that are operative in iteroparous organisms.
A Tale of Usurpation and Subversion: SUMO-Dependent Integrity of Promyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Bodies at the Crossroad of Infection and Immunity
Authors: Patra Upayan , Müller Stefan
Published: September 2021

Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML NBs) are multi-protein assemblies representing distinct sub-nuclear structures. As phase-separated molecular condensates, PML NBs exhibit liquid droplet-like consistency. A key organizer of the assembly and dynamics of PML NBs is the ubiquitin-like SUMO modification system. SUMO is covalently attached to PML and other core components of PML NBs thereby exhibiting a glue-like function by providing multivalent interactions with proteins containing SUMO interacting motifs (SIMs). PML NBs serve as the catalytic center for nuclear SUMOylation and SUMO-SIM interactions are essential for protein assembly within these structures. Importantly, however, formation of SUMO chains on PML and other PML NB-associated proteins triggers ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation which coincide with disruption of these nuclear condensates. To date, a plethora of nuclear activities such as transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, apoptosis, senescence, cell cycle control, DNA damage response, and DNA replication have been associated with PML NBs. Not surprisingly, therefore, SUMO-dependent PML NB integrity has been implicated in regulating many physiological processes including tumor suppression, metabolism, drug-resistance, development, cellular stemness, and anti-pathogen immune response. The interplay between PML NBs and viral infection is multifaceted. As a part of the cellular antiviral defense strategy, PML NB components are crucial restriction factors for many viruses and a mutual positive correlation has been found to exist between PML NBs and the interferon response. Viruses, in turn, have developed counterstrategies for disarming PML NB associated immune defense measures. On the other end of the spectrum, certain viruses are known to usurp specific PML NB components for successful replication and disruption of these sub-nuclear foci has recently been linked to the stimulation rather than curtailment of antiviral gene repertoire. Importantly, the ability of invading virions to manipulate the host SUMO modification machinery is essential for this interplay between PML NB integrity and viruses. Moreover, compelling evidence is emerging in favor of bacterial pathogens to negotiate with the SUMO system thereby modulating PML NB-directed intrinsic and innate immunity. In the current context, we will present an updated account of the dynamic intricacies between cellular PML NBs as the nuclear SUMO modification hotspots and immune regulatory mechanisms in response to viral and bacterial pathogens.
Brain Sensory Organs of the Ascidian Ciona robusta: Structure, Function and Developmental Mechanisms
Authors: Olivo Paola , Palladino Antonio , Ristoratore Filomena , Spagnuolo Antonietta
Published: September 2021

During evolution, new characters are designed by modifying pre-existing structures already present in ancient organisms. In this perspective, the Central Nervous System (CNS) of ascidian larva offers a good opportunity to analyze a complex phenomenon with a simplified approach. As sister group of vertebrates, ascidian tadpole larva exhibits a dorsal CNS, made up of only about 330 cells distributed into the anterior sensory brain vesicle (BV), connected to the motor ganglion (MG) and a caudal nerve cord (CNC) in the tail. Low number of cells does not mean, however, low complexity. The larval brain contains 177 neurons, for which a documented synaptic connectome is now available, and two pigmented organs, the otolith and the ocellus, controlling larval swimming behavior. The otolith is involved in gravity perception and the ocellus in light perception. Here, we specifically review the studies focused on the development of the building blocks of ascidians pigmented sensory organs, namely pigment cells and photoreceptor cells. We focus on what it is known, up to now, on the molecular bases of specification and differentiation of both lineages, on the function of these organs after larval hatching during pre-settlement period, and on the most cutting-edge technologies, like single cell RNAseq and genome editing CRISPR/CAS9, that, adapted and applied to Ciona embryos, are increasingly enhancing the tractability of Ciona for developmental studies, including pigmented organs formation.
Endometrial Glucose Transporters in Health and Disease
Authors: Vrhovac Madunić Ivana , Karin-Kujundžić Valentina , Madunić Josip , Šola Ida Marija , Šerman Ljiljana
Published: September 2021

Pregnancy loss is a frequent occurrence during the peri-implantation period, when there is high glucose demand for embryonic development and endometrial decidualization. Glucose is among the most essential uterine fluid components required for those processes. Numerous studies associate abnormal glucose metabolism in the endometrium with a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The endometrium is incapable of synthesizing glucose, which thus must be delivered into the uterine lumen by glucose transporters (GLUTs) and/or the sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1). Among the 26 glucose transporters (14 GLUTs and 12 SGLTs) described, 10 (9 GLUTs and SGLT1) are expressed in rodents and 8 (7 GLUTs and SGLT1) in the human uterus. This review summarizes present knowledge on the most studied glucose transporters in the uterine endometrium (GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4, and GLUT8), whose data regarding function and regulation are still lacking. We present the recently discovered SGLT1 in the mouse and human endometrium, responsible for controlling glycogen accumulation essential for embryo implantation. Moreover, we describe the epigenetic regulation of endometrial GLUTs, as well as signaling pathways included in uterine GLUT’s expression. Further investigation of the GLUTs function in different endometrial cells is of high importance, as numerous glucose transporters are associated with infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome, and gestational diabetes.
LncRNA NEAT1 Promotes Gastric Cancer Progression Through miR-17-5p/TGFβR2 Axis Up-Regulated Angiogenesis
Authors: Xu Yangwei , Li Yanyan , Qiu Yue , Sun Fei , Zhu Guifang , Sun Jingbo , Cai Guixing , Lin Wanmei , Fu Yun , Wu Hongmei , Jiang Shanshan , Wen Zhihui , Feng Feiyan , Luo Junjie , Yang Yuqin , Zhang Qingling
Published: September 2021

Background

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been indicated to play critical roles in gastric cancer (GC) tumorigenesis and progression. However, their roles in GC remain to be further elucidated.

Methods

RT-qPCR and fluorescence in situ hybridzation (FISH) were conducted to detect the expression of lncRNA NEAT1 in GC tissues and cell lines. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to screen out potential phenotypes and pathways that NEAT1 may participate in. NEAT1-silenced AGS and MGC803 cells were constructed and a series of functional experiments to investigate the roles of NEAT1 in GC angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. RNA pull down and luciferase reporter assays were utilized to illustrate the mechanisms underlying the functions of NEAT1 in GC.

Results

We observed that NEAT1 was upregulated in most GC specimens and cell lines. NEAT1 high was correlated with poor prognosis of GC patients. In vitro experiments showed that NEAT1 promoted GC angiogenesis by enhancing proliferation, migration, and tube formation ability of endothelial cells. Mechanism researches revealed that NEAT1 could competitively sponge miR-17-5p which targeted TGFβR2 directly. Subsequently, activate TGFβ/Smad pathway by following with upregulation of a series of classical proangiogenic factors especially VEGF.

Conclusion

The study unveiled that the LncRNA NEAT1/miR-17-5p/TGFβR2 axis is a novel mechanism in GC angiogenesis. Disrupting this axis may be a potential strategy for GC treatment.
Senescent Tissue-Resident Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Are an Internal Source of Inflammation in Human Osteoarthritic Cartilage
Authors: Liu Wenguang , Brodsky Alexander S. , Feng Meng , Liu Yajun , Ding Jing , Jayasuriya Chathuraka T. , Chen Qian
Published: September 2021

Human osteoarthritic cartilage contains not only chondrocytes (OACs), but also mesenchymal stromal cells (OA-MSCs), whose abundance increases during osteoarthritis (OA). However, it is not clear how OA-MSC contributes to OA pathogenesis. Here, we show that aging OA-MSC plays an important role in cell senescence, fibrosis, and inflammation in cartilage. Protein array analysis indicates that OA-MSC expresses pro-inflammatory senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL1, 5, and 6, which play key roles in OA pathogenesis. OAC is a main recipient of the inflammatory signals by expressing receptors of cytokines. RNAseq analysis indicates that the transition from normal cartilage stromal cells (NCSCs) to OA-MSC during aging results in activation of SASP gene expression. This cell transition process can be recapitulated by a serial passage of primary OAC in cell culture comprising (1) OAC dedifferentiation into NCSC-like cells, and (2) its subsequent senescence into pro-inflammatory OA-MSC. While OAC dedifferentiation is mediated by transcriptional repression of chondrogenic gene expression, OA-MSC senescence is mediated by transcriptional activation of SASP gene expression. We postulate that, through replication-driven OAC dedifferentiation and mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) senescence, OA-MSC becomes an internal source of sterile inflammation in human cartilage joint.
PAX2+ Mesenchymal Origin of Gonadal Supporting Cells Is Conserved in Birds
Authors: Estermann Martin A. , Mariette Mylene M. , Moreau Julie L. M. , Combes Alexander N. , Smith Craig A.
Published: September 2021

During embryonic gonadal development, the supporting cell lineage is the first cell type to differentiate, giving rise to Sertoli cells in the testis and pre-granulosa cells in the ovary. These cells are thought to direct other gonadal cell lineages down the testis or ovarian pathways, including the germline. Recent research has shown that, in contrast to mouse, chicken gonadal supporting cells derive from aPAX2/OSR1/DMRT1/WNT4positive mesenchymal cell population. These cells colonize the undifferentiated genital ridge during early gonadogenesis, around the time that germ cells migrate into the gonad. During the process of somatic gonadal sex differentiation, PAX2 expression is down-regulated in embryonic chicken gonads just prior to up-regulation of testis- and ovary-specific markers and prior to germ cell differentiation. Most research on avian gonadal development has focused on the chicken model, and related species from the Galloanserae clade. There is a lack of knowledge on gonadal sex differentiation in other avian lineages. Comparative analysis in birds is required to fully understand the mechanisms of avian sex determination and gonadal differentiation. Here we report the first comparative molecular characterization of gonadal supporting cell differentiation in birds from each of the three main clades, Galloanserae (chicken and quail), Neoaves (zebra finch) and Palaeognathe (emu). Our analysis reveals conservation of PAX2+expression and a mesenchymal origin of supporting cells in each clade. Moreover, down-regulation of PAX2 expression precisely defines the onset of gonadal sex differentiation in each species. Altogether, these results indicate that gonadal morphogenesis is conserved among the major bird clades.