bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVERSE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY STUDY OF HANSEN SOLUBILITY PARAMETERS OF RUBBER PROCESS OILS (DAE, TDAE, MES, AND NAP)
Authors: Farshchi Negin , Abbasian Ali
Published: March 2019

Process oils are used for rubbers to improve their flexibility and processability in industry. The solubility parameter is a convenient way to determine the solubility of materials. Inverse gas chromatography was used to calculate the solubility parameters and depict solubility spheres for distillated aromatic extract (DAE), treated distillate aromatic extract (TDAE), mildly extracted solvate (MES), and hydro processed naphthenic oil (NAP). Results showed that despite the similarity in values of the solubility parameters of DAE and TDAE at ambient temperature, increasing temperature led to a significant difference in values. In contrast to other oils, TDAE showed a better compatibility with polar solvents. In addition, the interaction parameters showed no specific dependence on the temperature for DAE, MES, and NAP, except for polar solvents and TDAE. DAE had the highest compatibility with aromatic solvents. Upon raising the temperature to values greater than 100 °C, the compatibility trend between oils and toluene was the same for all oils investigated, except for TDAE, which increased with increasing temperature whereas others showed a reduction. The increase in the alkyl chain was also effective in increasing the compatibility of the probes as well as their interaction parameter values. The solubility parameters (δ2) of process oils were determined to be 18.9, 18.9, 18.5, and 19.0 (J/cm3)0.5 for DAE, TDAE, NAP, and MES at 25 °C, respectively.
The Dickensian George Eliot
Authors: Levine George
Published: March 2019

Although critics have long insisted on the radical differences between the works of George Eliot and Dickens, and George Eliot (and her partner, G. H. Lewes) mounted a strong attack on Dickens's writing (with, of course, qualifications for his extravagant genius) in order to promote George Eliot's kind of fiction writing, there are important similarities between the two writers that are fundamental to the condition of writing novels in the Victorian era. Both write long multiplot fictions; both imagine individual lives as bound up in complex social webs; both achieve their “realism” by the way of extravagant, fairy-tale like manipulations of plot. Despite a critical tradition that tended to oppose them, admiration for one does not exclude admiration for the other.
Søren Kierkegaard as Library User
Authors: Smith Troy Wellington
Published: March 2019

This article argues that the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813–55) evolved as a library user over the course of his life and career. Whereas the libraries of Copenhagen were initially only collections of books for Kierkegaard (for his academic and, later, literary projects), by the end of his days, in the midst of his attack on the People's Church of Denmark, Kierkegaard began to conceive of the library (or, to be more precise, the reading rooms of the Athenæum Society) as a performative political space in which he could existentially realize the steps he had counseled in his polemics; by appearing conspicuously in the Athenæum on Sunday mornings, Kierkegaard modeled resistance against the institutionalized Christianity of Denmark. Included is a comprehensive analysis of Kierkegaard's explicit references to Copenhagen's libraries and their materials in his journals and papers, as they appear in Søren Kierkegaards Skrifter (Søren Kierkegaard's writings).
Knowledge Is Power: The Rise and Fall of the Libraries of the United Automobile Workers' Union
Authors: Daniel Dominique
Published: March 2019

This article traces the history of libraries run by local unions of the International United Automobile Workers' union (UAW) from the mid-1930s through the 1950s. Using the records of the UAW it examines the purpose of its libraries and the workers' education program they were part of. It analyzes the collections in these libraries and considers how they were developed, who used them, and how they fared in light of the role of print in the UAW's activities and of Depression, wartime-era, and postwar working-class reading culture.
The Development of English Writing Skills Through Techniques of Sentence Skeleton and Signpost Word Analysis for English Major Students
Authors: Thipatdee Goachagorn
Published: March 2019

The purposes of this research were to develop English writing skills through techniques of sentence skeleton and signpost word analysis for English major students, and to compare the writing skills before and after the study. The sample consisted of 43 English major juniors at Faculty of Education, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, enrolling in the course of teaching and learning English I, the second semester, academic year 2017, gained by cluster sampling. The research instruments were a performance test of writing skills, and writing drills. The data analyzed by employing percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test. After the study, the students had better writing skills with 40.63 percent of average score than those with 14.80 percent before the study, the individual average score was at a weak level with 38.90 percent, while the small group’s was at a fair level with 69.78 percent, the individual writing skills were significantly higher than those before the study at the .01 level, and the small group writing skills were significantly higher than those of the individual’s at the .01 level.
Restoration of On-farm Constructed Wetland Systems Used to Treat Agricultural Wastewater
Authors: Smith Erin L. , Kellman Lisa , Brenton Paul
Published: March 2019

Two surface flow constructed wetland systems used to treat agricultural wastewater for over a decade were evaluated for their overall on-going treatment performance and future restoration need. Many on-farm constructed wetlands used for wastewater treatment in Atlantic Canada are now beginning to reach their saturation point and are no longer performing to their full operational potential. This study is an example of the process of evaluating when these systems are no longer viable; or are no longer functioning properly for wastewater treatment and outlines the steps necessary to restore their overall treatment capacities. On-farm constructed wetland restoration has been identified as a best management practice and can be accomplished successfully when important factors such as; landscape, hydrology, function, and the long-term farming goals are considered.
New Records of Parasitoids Hymenopteran (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) Associated With Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in the State of São Paulo
Authors: Siqueira Matheus A. de , Peronti Ana Lúcia B. G. , Martinelli Nilza M. , Costa Valmir A.
Published: March 2019

Survey of hymenoptera parasitoids of pink-hibiscus-mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) infesting Hibiscus rosa-sinensis was conducted in two municipalities of state of São Paulo, Brazil from August 2016 to August 2017. Nine species of chalcidoid wasps were obtained: Anagyrus kamali Moursi (1948); Anagyrus sp. aff. mirtesae Noyes and Menezes (2000); Anagyrus sp.; Bothriocraera bicolor Compere and Zinna (1955); Cheiloneurus sp., Gyranusoidea deionae Noyes (2000); Prochiloneurus sp. (Encyrtidae); Aprostocetus sp. (Eulophidae); and Chartocerus sp. (Signiphoridae). Anagyrus kamali and G. deionae were the most frequent species, corresponding to 67.26% and 22.62% of the parasitoids, respectively. Bothriocraera bicolor, Chartocerus and G. deionae are recorded for the first time associated with M. hirsutus. Gyranusoidea deionae and B. bicolor are recorded for the first time in Brazil. The seasonal study of M. hirsutus and its parasitoids was carried out in January to December 2017on 16 hibiscus plants, aligned in the hedge in the experimental area of the FCAV/UNESP in Jaboticabal, SP. For this purpose, ovisacs, nymphs and adults of mealybug were counting on infested plants and the adult parasitoids collected in Möerick traps. Maconellicoccus hirsutus was observed during the periods of January-March and October-December, with the highest infestation in January and February. In the traps, a total of 92 specimens of pink-mealybug parasitoids were obtained: 65% belonging to A. kamali and 35% to G. deionae.
Micropropagation of Different Citrus Rootstocks Using WPM Medium Culture
Authors: Santiago Reisane Teles , Santos Karen Cristina Fialho dos , Ledo Carlos Alberto da Silva , Gesteira Abelmon da Silva , Filho Walter dos Santos Soares , Souza Antônio da Silva
Published: March 2019

Micropropagation is a method that enables in vitro cloning of cultivated plants, irrespective of their potential to produce seeds and their polyembryony rate, guaranteeing genetic identity and absence of phytosanitary problems of the propagated plants if the multiplication process is conducted suitably. In this respect, citrus rootstocks of agronomic interest were micropropagated in Wood Plant Medium (WPM). The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Cruz das Almas, in the Recôncavo Baiano region of Bahia state, Brazil, with 10 rootstocks: ‘Indio’, ‘Riverside’ and ‘San Diego’ citrandarins, ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin, and the hybrids RL × TR-001, FRL × (RL × TR)-005, CSM × (RL × TR)-059, TRH-051, TRH-069 and CSM × TRBK-Colombia. Nodal segments of these genotypes, with approximate length of 1 cm, were used. The number of plants formed per explant was evaluated 180 days after inoculation. The experimental design was completely randomized, with ten treatments and 12 repetitions, the data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance (F-test) and the grouped means were analyzed by the Scott-Knott test, in both cases a 5% probability. In vitro culture of explants of the ten genotypes studied presented positive responses to micropropagation in the WPM medium, once the explants of all genotypes showed direct regeneration and formed plants. The citrandarin 'Indio' he stood out with the highest average of explants by plant (4.20).
Spatial Distribution, Morphological Descriptors and Seed Biometry of Syagrus oleracea (Mart.) Becc. (Arecaceae): An Important Brazilian Cerrado Palm
Authors: Soares Helbert Fagundes , Brandão Murilo Malveira , Royo Vanessa Andrade , Pereira Guilherme Victor Nippes , Neto Santos D’Angelo , Menezes Elytania Veiga , Júnior Afrânio Farias de Melo , Oliveira Dario Alves
Published: March 2019

The Syagrus oleracea is adapted for dry regions, has used for food, ornamental palm and development of cosmetic. It occurs in impacted areas of Cerrado. The management of the species is important for traditional communities. Morphological descriptors, biometric pyrenes and spatial distribution of individuals are important for the species distinction, conservation, forest management and implantation of breeding programs. Thus, our objectives were to determine and correlate the main morphological characters of the palm tree, to evaluate the biometric of the pyrenes and the spatial distribution of the species. Neighbourhood Density Function (NDF) evaluated the spatial distribution in georeferenced individuals in four populations (Mirabela, Mato Verde, Rio Pardo de Minas and Novorizonte). The Novorizonte population showed an aggregate pattern in the first distance classes. The other populations had a random pattern. We evaluated 13 morphological descriptors in six populations (Mirabela, Mato Verde, Rio Pardo de Minas, Novorizonte, Varzelandia and São João da Ponte). The cluster analysis corroborates the results obtained by the multivariate analysis, which shows a greater distance of the SJP3 and SJP5 samples from the other accessions. The evaluated characteristics of the pyrenes biometry were: longitudinal diameter, equatorial diameter and the mass of the pyrenes. The highest mean longitudinal (22.17 mm) and equatorial diameter (38.89 mm) in addition to the mean mass (9.29 g) were observed in the Novorizonte population. The fruits of S. oleracea present an elongated shape. The study generated important information about the species that is still little studied, and has economic potential for product development.
Ingestive Behavior and Physiological Parameters of Sindhi Heifers Receiving Saline Water
Authors: Rosa Patrícia R. , Araújo Gherman Garcia L. , Turco Silvia Helena N. , Moraes Salete A. , Alves Juliana N. , Gois Glayciane C. , Santos Rafael D. , Campos Fleming S.
Published: March 2019

The objective was to evaluate the effects of potential use of brackish water as a source for Sindhi heifers on ingestive behavior and physiological and serum parameters. Twenty-four Sindhi heifers were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications, with levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) of 640, 3200, 5760, and 8320 mg/L. Three 24-hour behavioral tests were performed, which were divided into four observation shifts (00:00 to 06:00; 06:00 to 12:00; 12:00 to 18:00 and 18:00 to 00:00) at the beginning, middle, and end of the experiment. The highest values of black globe temperature humidity index and air temperature were observed at 14:00 h, with values of 92.7 and 34.1 °C, respectively. The different levels of TDS did not promote significant differences (P > 0.05) in the variables feed intake, rumination, idling, feeding efficiency as a function of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber intake, rumination efficiency as a function of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber intake, heart rate, rectal and surface temperature, creatinine, and potassium. Among the assessed shifts, feed and water intake showed higher frequencies in the shifts 2 (06-12 h) and 3 (12-18 h) and rumination showed a higher frequency in the shifts 1 (00-06 h) and 4 (18-00 h). The physiological variables presented higher indices during the warmest hours of the day. A linear behavior was observed for the serum sodium level, presenting a average of 134.4 mmol/L. Water containing up to 8,326 mg/L TDS can be used in the watering of Sindhi heifers in short periods in the season of highest water shortage without affecting the ingestive behavior and physiological and serum parameters of the animal.
Host Suitability of Weeds to the Root Lesions Nematoid in Soybean Areas in the North of Goias, Brazil
Authors: Silva Rafael M. da , Rios Anderli D. F. , Conceição Denise R. , Buso Wilian H. D. , Machado Alan S. , Silva Grasiele T. da , Ventura Matheus V. A. , Almeida Emizael M. de , Silva Hellismar W. da , Trindade Kenia L. , Costa Estevam M.
Published: March 2019

Several studies have done more on weed and nematode hosts. It is important to know a host of weeds and P. brachyurus in areas cultivated with soy. This nematode can stay in weed roots even in the absence of plants grown in the off-season, making it difficult to control them. The objective was to evaluate the host suitability of emerged weed species in cultivated areas with a soybean crop to the P. brachyurus nematode under natural infestation conditions. The surveys were conducted in commercial properties located in the municipalities of Campinorte and Rialma, both in the northern region of the state of Goias, Brazil under the no-tillage and conventional system, respectively, with a history of high nematode population densities. We evaluated 19 weed species with the highest expressivity in the properties. The population densities of the nematode ranged RFom 23 to 17,113 and 55 to 4,221 specimens per 10 grams of roots respectively. All as weed species evaluated as hosts of P. brachyurus. As species, Hyptis suaveolens, Sida cardifolia, Senna occidentalis, Coneyza canadensis and Commelina benghalensis had low population densities.
Growth Promotion of Parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) Using Commercial Strains of Trichoderma spp.
Authors: Barroso Franciely Magalhães , Muniz Paulo Henrique Pereira Costa , Milan Mariany Dalila , Santos Wanderson Silva dos , Ferreira Natália Cássia de Faria , Rodrigues Fabricio , Carvalho Daniel Diego Costa
Published: March 2019

The growth of plants by the use of Trichoderma occurs through distinct mechanisms, among which it can highlight the synthesis of phytohormones and auxins analogues. The objective of this work was to evaluate Trichoderma spp. commercial strains in the promoting seedlings growth and in the productivity of parsley plants. In laboratory assay, seeds of parsley cv. ‘Graúda Portuguesa’ were treated with 2 mL of Trichoderma suspension (2.5 × 108 ml-1 conidia per 100 g of seeds) submitted to growth test until 28 days after sowing (DAS). For the greenhouse experiment, parsley seedlings were transplanted into 3.0 L pots containing soil, which was previously treated with 5 mL Trichoderma suspension, totaling 1.5 × 108 conidia per pot. In both, a control without Trichoderma application was included, being arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). The evaluations were: percentage of germination (PG), root length (RL), shoot length (SL), total length (TL = RL + SL), fresh root mass (FRM), fresh shoot mass (FSM), total fresh mass (TFM = FRM + FSM), root dry mass (RDM), shoot dry mass (SDM), total dry mass (BIO = RDM + SDM), root mass ratio (RMR = RDM/BIO), shoot mass ratio (SMR = SDM/BIO), aerial part/root system retio (AP/RS = SDM/RDM) and productivity at 110 DAS. Althougth no diferences was observed among the Trichoderma treatments and the control about yield, Trichoderma spp. strains provided better TFM (18.98 to 22.92 mg), BIO (3.37 to 4.31 mg) and root system superior to the control (14.20 and 2.44 mg, respectively) under greenhouse conditions. T. harzianum ESALQ1306 was the better strain in laboratory assyas, suggsting this isolate for applied in the seeds when it aims the promotion of initial growth.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 11, No. 4
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: March 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2019.
Higher Maternal and Child Undernutrition in Pulse than Cereal Growing Rural Communities of Ethiopia: A comparative Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ersino Getahun , Henry Carol J. , Zello Gordon A.
Published: March 2019

Background: Whether growing pulses (low fat legumes rich in protein and micronutrients) translates to nutritional health benefits has not been well documented in Ethiopia. In pulse- and cereal-based agricultural communities, we compared the nutrition of mothers and children (<5y) through anthropometric and dietary assessment to document evidence of pulse agriculture translating to nutritional health benefits. We also explored contextual factors influencing nutritional status.

Methods: Comparative study was conducted in purposively selected pulse- and cereal-growing Ethiopian communities, from rural Halaba and Zeway, with randomly selected individual participants of 413 and 217 mother-child dyads, respectively. Dietary diversity scores (DDS) and consumption indexes for selected food groups were assessed; median intakes of energy, protein, Fe, Zn, Ca were determined from a single-day weighed food records (in a subsample). Mother-child undernutrition was estimated using anthropometric assessments of weight, length/height and mid-upper-arm-circumference, MUAC.

Results: Median energy and nutrient intakes for pulse-mothers, but not children, were significantly higher than cereal-mothers (p<0.01); Median DDS for mothers-children were three, out of nine food groups, in both communities; consumption index of pulses, although higher in the pulse-community (p<0.001), was generally low amounting to consumption of only 1-2/week; consumption from animal sources was minimal. Undernutrition in mothers was 22% in pulse and 14% in cereal. Child stunting, wasting and underweight were 53.5%, 10.4% and 36.5% in pulse and 41.8%, 4.1% and 21.6% in the cereal group, respectively. Gender-sensitive factors, such as access to own-land and work-burden predicted maternal-MUAC. Stunting, household size, land size, antenatal-clinic visits and frequency of dairy consumption also predicted maternal-MUAC. Child age, community (i.e., pulse- or cereal-growing), household size and land size predicted chid height-for-age z-score (HAZ). Pulses were mostly sold and women had limited control; mothers’ knowledge of the nutrition benefits of pulses was lower in pulse community (p<0.01).

Conclusions: Poor DDS, pulse or animal-source food consumption and high levels of maternal and child undernutrition were found in both communities. The unexpected finding of greater undernutrition in the pulse-growing Halaba communities was of concern needing further investigation. The pulse-community could benefit from educational nutrition-intervention focusing on nutrition and other benefits of pulses.
The Challenges of Implementing e-Health Technology for Sustainability in Brazil
Authors: Filho Jose Rodrigues
Published: March 2019

In the field of health, the concept of sustainability is not new, but it tends to focus more on environmental health policy. There is an urgent need to assimilate the contribution of social theory into the concept and practice of both sustainability and e-health. The concept of sustainability is very complex, involving environmental, economic and social issues. In addition, in most health sustainability studies, the issue of social sustainability is neglected, despite the fact that social issues are often at the crux of sustainability. E-health is essential for the sustainability of health care, but many e-health projects have failed. Investments in e-health are very high in the whole world, but no explicit research has examined its sustainability. The aim of this paper is to initiate a discussion about sustainability in the implementation and use of e-health in Brazil, with the hope that this will provide a foundation for holistic sustainable e-health systems.
From the editors
Authors: "Muzealnictwo" Redakcja
Published: March 2019

If we want to describe the surrounding reality, while at the same time trying to grasp the best key to it, it seems that the word “change” is the most appropriate. Museums rank among that category of culture institutions which, while undergoing changes, and caring for their own institutional and axiological autonomy, attempt at the same time to influence the very changes; this, however, makes them face identity dilemmas, the necessity to find the right balance between the responsibilities that are sometimes referred to as “traditional ones”, namely the ones they have towards the collections, and the obligations commonly regarded to be an attribute of “modernity”, these towards the public in the variety of their impressive turnout growth and the increase of their expectations.
The way to stabilize change effects, while at the same to stimulate them, also with respect to the closest editing of the museum Annual, are legislative efforts and bills. One could even be tempted to make the statement, this not fully irony-free, that the history of Polish museology is actually the history of implemented and unimplemented legislative projects (the latter dominating), of the attempts to define the position of museums in the context of the synergically perceived “cultural legacy”, of finding for them the appropriate governance model, without rejecting the above-mentioned identity dilemmas. The goal of the “Muzealnictwo” Annual No. 60 is to present an overview of the past and current trials to amend the “Museum Act”, to identify areas for essential corrections, reasons for negligence, yet first and foremost, difficulties in applying them to the culture domain in which the most frequently applied word next to “change” (and most highly appreciated by museum circles) is the word “specificity”. This overview will hopefully contribute to the reflection on the capacity of institutional operating under the circumstances in which the inadequacy between the letter of the law and its enforcement can be observed.
Next to the theme that is key to the present issue of the “Muzealnictwo” Annual, you will find the well established and known sections describing the spheres of museum operations, these occurring regardless of the lapse of time and their legislative creations.

Piotr Majewski Professor at the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw Editor-in-Chief
A holistic experience in the integrated learning of specialized English and content in engineering degrees
Authors: Argüelles Álvarez Irina
Published: March 2019

Author/s

Irina Argüelles ÁlvarezUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain

 

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to outline a theory-based Content and Language Integrated Learning course and to establish the rationale for adopting a holistic approach to the teaching of languages in tertiary education. Our work focuses on the interdependence between Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), and the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), in particular regarding the learning of English within the framework of Telecommunications Engineering. The study first analyses the diverse components of the instructional approach and the extent to which this approach interrelates with technologies within the context of what we have defined as a holistic experience, since it also aims to develop a set of generic competences or transferable skills. Second, an example of a course project framed in this holistic approach is described in order to exemplify the specific actions suggested for learner autonomy and CLIL. The approach provides both an adequate framework as well as the conditions needed to carry out a lifelong learning experience within our context, a Spanish School of Engineering. In addition to specialized language and content, the approach integrates the learning of skills and capacities required by the new plans that have been established following the Bologna Declaration in 1999.
‘Does everybody understand?’ Teacher questions across disciplines in English-mediated university lectures: An exploratory study
Authors: Dafouz Milne Emma , Sánchez García Davinia
Published: March 2019

Author/s

Emma Dafouz MilneUniversidad Complutense de Madrid, SpainDavinia Sánchez GarcíaUniversidad a Distancia de Madrid, Spain

 

ABSTRACT

This small-scale study attempts to analyse the role of English as a medium of instruction (EMI) in three different university lectures across disciplines. Following previous research (Crawford Camiciottoli 2004, Dafouz 2011, Dalton-Puffer 2007), the focus is placed on teacher discourse and, more specifically, teacher questions as fundamental tools that articulate classroom talk and prime strategies that promote interaction and co-construct meanings (Chang 2012, Sánchez García 2010). Our corpus includes four hours of teaching practice from Spanish EMI lessons where participants are non-native speakers of the vehicular language. Preliminary results suggest that questions tend to be greatly exploited discursive features and that confirmation checks and display questions seem to predominate over all other types of questions used in the classroom. Concurrently, the study suggests that there seem to be more commonalities than differences in the use of questions across disciplines. Additionally, it can be stated that lecturers need to be trained to benefit from the resources offered by their own discourse in order to facilitate students' content and language learning.
The zero-hour contract in platform work. Should we ban it or embrace it?
Authors: Ginès i Fabrellas Anna
Published: March 2019

The aim of the paper is to analyze the zero-hour contract in the context of platform work; specifically, the risks and opportunities of this type of provision of services. In the context of the sharing economy and gig-economy, there have emerged multiple App-based companies that have significantly altered the way in which services are provided. Companies like Uber, Lift, Taskrabbit, Deriveroo, Glovo or Amazon Mechanical Turk have introduced new forms of work that have altered the boundaries of Labor Law. The model of these companies is the division of their production into microtasks, the externalization of their entire production to a wide number of independent contractors through an App or webpage and the hiring of each service on-demand. As a result, new technologies have allowed these companies to avoid hiring workers and to provide their services entirely through self-employed workers. This hiring on-demand implies the use, de facto, of the zero-hour contract, as platform workers are not subject to a specific working time regime, having absolute liberty to determine, not only their schedule, but also their working time and, even, their willingness to work. In this context, the aim of the paper is to analyze the zero-hour scheme in the context of platform work. The final objective of the paper is to determine, from a lege ferenda perspective, if jurisdictions should introduce this type of contract to promote the business model used by digital platforms or, on the contrary, if they should ban it.
Coloquio: nuevos perfiles profesionales para una nueva Administración pública
Authors: Julià Barceló Maria
Published: March 2019

En el marco de los Estudios de Derecho y Ciencia Política UOC, y organizado por el Grado de Gestión y Administración Pública (interuniversitario, UOC, UB), el 12 de septiembre de 2018 se celebró en la sede de Tibidabo de la UOC (Barcelona) un coloquio sobre los Nuevos perfiles profesionales para una nueva Administración pública y las nuevas tareas de sus trabajadores, teniendo en cuenta que la actual Administración pública, tal y como la conocemos, está sufriendo una importante transformación, a través del uso de las TICS y la implantación de la Administración Electrónica. Precisamente, en este sentido, el Grado de GAP que es online y utiliza las TIC intenta también dar la formación necesaria para los nuevos perfiles que se necesitarán en la Administración que se está desarrollando, tanto en trabajos dentro de las administraciones como en aquellas empresas o consultorías que trabajan con o para la administración.
A network approach to identify bioregions in the distribution of Mediterranean amphipods associated with Posidonia oceanica meadows
Authors: Bellisario Bruno , Camisa Federica , Abbattista Chiara , Cimmaruta Roberta
Published: March 2019

Although amphipods are key components of the macro-fauna associated with Posidonia oceanica meadows, to date no studies focused on the structure and diversity of their assemblages across the whole Mediterranean Sea. Here, we applied a network approach based on modularity on a dataset mined from literature to identify biogeographic modules and to assess the biogeographic roles of associated localities. We also correlated the patterns evidenced with the biogeographic distribution of amphipod groups by means of a multivariate analysis. Modularity analysis highlighted four biogeographic modules bounded by the main Mediterranean biogeographic divides and evidenced a decrease in species diversity along a NW-SE gradient. Assemblages associated with Central-Western Mediterranean and, to a lesser extent, Tunisian modules showed the highest species richness and were identified as hubs, characterized by species with regional distributions that behave as source in a biogeographic context. The paleogeographic history of the host seagrass and the ecology of associated amphipods, both suggest the joint effect of species persistence and post-Last Glacial Maximum expansion in explaining the pattern of amphipod distribution in the Mediterranean Sea.
Neural dynamics of visual ambiguity resolution by perceptual prior
Authors: Flounders Matthew W , González-García Carlos , Hardstone Richard , He Biyu J
Published: March 2019

Past experiences have enormous power in shaping our daily perception. Currently, dynamical neural mechanisms underlying this process remain mysterious. Exploiting a dramatic visual phenomenon, where a single experience of viewing a clear image allows instant recognition of a related degraded image, we investigated this question using MEG and 7 Tesla fMRI in humans. We observed that following the acquisition of perceptual priors, different degraded images are represented much more distinctly in neural dynamics starting from ~500 ms after stimulus onset. Content-specific neural activity related to stimulus-feature processing dominated within 300 ms after stimulus onset, while content-specific neural activity related to recognition processing dominated from 500 ms onward. Model-driven MEG-fMRI data fusion revealed the spatiotemporal evolution of neural activities involved in stimulus, attentional, and recognition processing. Together, these findings shed light on how experience shapes perceptual processing across space and time in the brain.
Neural structure mapping in human probabilistic reward learning
Authors: Luyckx Fabrice , Nili Hamed , Spitzer Bernhard , Summerfield Christopher
Published: March 2019

Humans can learn abstract concepts that describe invariances over relational patterns in data. One such concept, known as magnitude, allows stimuli to be compactly represented on a single dimension (i.e. on a mental line). Here, we measured representations of magnitude in humans by recording neural signals whilst they viewed symbolic numbers. During a subsequent reward-guided learning task, the neural patterns elicited by novel complex visual images reflected their payout probability in a way that suggested they were encoded onto the same mental number line, with 'bad' bandits sharing neural representation with 'small' numbers and 'good' bandits with 'large' numbers. Using neural network simulations, we provide a mechanistic model that explains our findings and shows how structural alignment can promote transfer learning. Our findings suggest that in humans, learning about reward probability is accompanied by structural alignment of value representations with neural codes for the abstract concept of magnitude.
Ventrolateral periaqueductal gray neurons prioritize threat probability over fear output
Authors: Wright Kristina M , McDannald Michael A
Published: March 2019

Faced with potential harm, individuals must estimate the probability of threat and initiate an appropriate fear response. In the prevailing view, threat probability estimates are relayed to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) to organize fear output. A straightforward prediction is that vlPAG single-unit activity reflects fear output, invariant of threat probability. We recorded vlPAG single-unit activity in male, Long Evans rats undergoing fear discrimination. Three 10 s auditory cues predicted unique foot shock probabilities: danger (p=1.00), uncertainty (p=0.375) and safety (p=0.00). Fear output was measured by suppression of reward seeking over the entire cue and in one-second cue intervals. Cued fear non-linearly scaled to threat probability and cue-responsive vlPAG single-units scaled their firing on one of two timescales: at onset or ramping toward shock delivery. VlPAG onset activity reflected threat probability, invariant of fear output, while ramping activity reflected both signals with threat probability prioritized.
Summary and Policy Implications
Authors: Wolman Harold , Wial Howard , Clair Travis St. , Hill Edward
Published: March 2019

The concluding chapter focuses on the role of public policy in promoting regional economic resilience. To better understand the potential role of various types of policy actions, we develop a temporal framework that divides policy implementation and policy effects into three different time frames, with policies varying both in the time it takes to put in place and in the time frame over which effects, if the policy is effective, can be expected. Different kinds of policy actions are likely to be most appropriate and most effective in the different time periods and in the face of different types of shocks. We conclude by considering the implications of our findings, put into this framework, for economic development policy makers and practitioners
Introduction
Authors: Coverdill James E. , Finlay William
Published: March 2019

This chapter introduces the reader to contingency headhunting. The headhunters who work on a contingency basis earn their commissions only if they make placements. They and their work remain largely overlooked in studies of labor-market intermediaries – third-party agents who match workers and jobs – although they perform the bulk of the recruiting in the U.S. The chapter argues that an analysis of headhunters has broader value and relevance for academics, companies, and job candidates because it sheds light on how job candidates are identified, recruited, and hired. The chapter introduces the key issues for the book: the role cultural matching plays in hiring, why employers find it advantageous to use headhunters, and how new technologies and economic downturns have affected search and hiring.
Getting Clients and Job Orders
Authors: Coverdill James E. , Finlay William
Published: March 2019

This chapter highlights the relationship between headhunters and their clients. First, it examines how headhunters pitch the value of their services to potential clients – how they persuade them to use a third-party recruiter to fill positions. Second, it discusses how they secure the business of potential clients – how they develop and maintain a roster of companies that will use their services. The chapter shows that organizational “make-or-buy” decisions are less planned than is often assumed; headhunters often convince hiring managers to outsource search to them by touting their accomplishments and questioning in-house search efforts. The chapter also demonstrates that headhunters create openings (and turnover) by lobbying hiring managers to hire their top candidates even if they have no vacancies; their strategies include suggesting the replacement of existing employees who are under-performers.
The Rise of Genteel Sport
Authors: Cohen Kenneth
Published: March 2019

This chapter focuses on the rise of “genteel sport,” a particular brand of sporting culture that emerged in the middle of the eighteenth century as part of a broader effort to craft and unite a colonial elite. After detailing the unstratified nature of colonial sporting culture before genteel sport emerged, the chapter moves on to outline how business – not just social standing – united the investors in genteel sporting culture and how they aimed to inspire deference through the architecture and structure of new sporting events, including new venues and professional performers as well as new activities and new rules for older ones. Yet the chapter closes by citing the financial difficulties faced by the new professionals, and suggests that their commercial needs and investors’ own desires to win ran contrary to the magnanimous beneficence elites had intended to project through genteel sport.
A Revolution in Sporting Culture
Authors: Cohen Kenneth
Published: March 2019

Chapter Two covers the same time period as Chapter One, but draws from newspapers and letters instead of financial records to emphasize the perspective of participants rather than investors. The result is that readers see how investors failed to create the spatial and behavioral distinction they desired, and so any attempt to claim exclusive gentility triggered aggravation and social conflict rather than awe and deference. This result was also influenced by the imperial crisis going on at the same time, which emphasized notions of “liberty” and “equality” and so made common people less likely to accept efforts to craft distinction in public settings such as sporting events. The chapter closes by examining how the imperatives of running a popular insurgency led the Continental Congress to essentially ban genteel sport as part of its Articles of Association in 1774.
Prestige or Profit
Authors: Cohen Kenneth
Published: March 2019

Although investors in the early national period originally hoped to build a sporting culture that granted them both profit and prestige, the demand for profit-seeking created by the economic culture of the post-Revolutionary years ultimately forced them to decide whether to maximize revenue by appealing to the largest possible audience or craft prestige for themselves by making sure that venues and content emphasized exclusivity and celebrated the elite. The social history of attending sporting events in the early national period reveals how demands from nonelite audiences pushed investors and professionals to prioritize profit over prestige. It then concludes by detailing how white men united to limit the confrontation that resulted from broader accessibility by erecting gender and racial barriers to full participation, and how politicians then borrowed from sport to construct a white male republic rooted in the pursuit of manhood and profit. In sum, then, this chapter highlights how elites and investors responded to popular opposition to exclusive elitism by conceding their desire for social and cultural authority and focusing on deference earned through wealth and white male brotherhood.
Epilogue
Authors: Cohen Kenneth
Published: March 2019

The Epilogue surveys continuities and changes in sporting culture since 1860. While recognizing the increasing inclusion of white women and African Americans over the course of the twentieth century, recent attendance statistics indicate the continued centrality of white male audiences. In addition, recent psychological, sociological, and anthropological studies suggest that the motives behind male audience participation have remained shockingly similar to the status-based concerns over masculinity that motivated men in early America. Given the importance of manhood, the remaining privilege of whiteness, and the return of the so-called “sportification” of politics over the last twenty years, the epilogue concludes by suggesting how sporting culture contributed to the rise of Donald Trump.
Affirmatively Furthering Community Development
Authors: Goetz Edward G.
Published: March 2019

This chapter presents a counter-argument to the integration imperative. The chapter offers critiques of the integration argument and presents an argument in favour of affordable housing and community development in low-income communities of color. The chapter articulates how integration falls short in altering the political dynamics and structural inequalities of race. In contrast, community development is presented as a policy alternative that provides benefits to disadvantaged communities (in terms of better housing and jobs, for example) and constitutes a better alternative for addressing more fundamental questions of racial justice.
The “Hollow Prospect” of Integration
Authors: Goetz Edward G.
Published: March 2019

This chapter describes the tension between integration and community development from the 1940s through the end of the 1960s. It describes the conflict within the African-American community between efforts to achieve integration on the one hand and building power and capacity within the community on the other. It describes the emergence and evolution of the fair housing movement in the U.S. Finally, the ways in which this conflict played out during the civil rights and Black Power eras is highlighted.
Introduction
Authors: Cassaniti J. L.
Published: March 2019

This chapter introduces the landscape of mindfulness practices in the regions of South and Southeast Asia, where people overwhelmingly follow the kind of Theravāda Buddhism from which the modern mindfulness movement emerged. The chapter begins with a question: what kind of mindfulness-based therapeutic interventions are and could be used in a Thai psychiatric hospital, as part of a broader Buddhist cultural environment? It answers this question by introducing the methodological and theoretical project of Remembering the Present, including an overview of the interview and survey-based ethnographic research into sati with over 600 psychiatrists, monks, students, and villagers in Thailand, Burma, and Sri Lanka. It also previews some of the central findings of the book, in relation to what the author calls the TAPES of mindfulness: the ways that people frame mindfulness culturally around issues of Temporality, Affect, Power, Ethics, and Selfhood.
Conclusion
Authors: Cassaniti J. L.
Published: March 2019

The final chapter returns the analysis back to mindfulness in the United States, and the lessons learned about how mindfulness is understood differently in Thailand, Burma and Sri Lanka compared with its popular meanings in the United States. Drawing from the experiences of over 100 informants in the Pacific Northwest, the concluding chapter shows how the TAPES of temporality, affect, power, ethics, and selfhood are articulated in different ways by people in the different regions. The chapter includes a concluding discussion of how authoritative discourses about mindfulness move through space and time, and how these lessons may inform larger questions about the role of culture in mental processes around the world.
The French Military Enlightenment
Authors: Pichichero Christy
Published: March 2019

This chapter examines the personalities, spaces, and means of the French Military Enlightenment. Kings, royal mistresses, and war ministers explored pathways to improving martial efficacy, efficiency, and education, establishing new policies and institutions. Military officers took on the role of the militaire philosophe, or military philosopher, applying a critical esprit philosophique (philosophical spirit) to a myriad of questions, from drill to moral reinvigoration in the officer corps. They proposed policy changes, enforced those mandated by Versailles, or rebelled against them. They shared their experiences and opinions with others through conversations, letters, manuscript memoirs, and published works. Non-military thinkers, physicians, literati, artists, and members of the reading public were also highly informed and engaged in military matters. They, too, developed and spread military knowledge. These agents of the French Military Enlightenment transformed war and military topics into one of the great debates of the public sphere and nexuses of change of the eighteenth century.
Before Fraternity
Authors: Pichichero Christy
Published: March 2019

Chapter two charts the rise of sociability as a human, but also particularly French capacity that could be deployed to remedy widespread military dysfunction. Forming a société militaire, or military society, would lead to victory and even happiness in war. Military thinkers theorized and implemented new ideas for fostering social bonds and collective masculine identity among continental French troops. In global theaters of war, sociability held different but no less important implications. While inter-racial fraternization was virtually impossible in Saint-Domingue where the racial divide was increasing, finding a “middle ground” through deeper cultural knowledge, respect, and friendship were considered essential to survival in India and North America.
Humanity in War
Authors: Pichichero Christy
Published: March 2019

Chapter three traces the rise of reforms founded on sensibilité and humanité. Arguing against Foucault’s notion of “discipline,” this chapter contends that philosophical medicine and the cult of sentiment shaped a new military culture of care for the soldierly body, mind, and emotions. This led to ground-breaking contemplations on emotional reactions to war and military life that founded what we now call military psychology. In the 1760s, these ideas also coalesced into a humanitarian and human rights campaign in which military reformers and the intellectual community galvanized surrounding the condemnation of capital and corporal punishment for soldiers guilty of desertion and petty crimes. In New France, India, and in Saint-Domingue, the concepts of humanity and sensibilité were evoked to communicate human and cultural compatibilities between different peoples, but also to justify institutionalized racism.