bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La matière organique dans les sols viticoles du Médoc. Résultats d'une enquête
Authors: Delas Jacques , Rivet P. , Soyer Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2016

La teneur en matière organique de sols viticoles du Médoc, déterminée par enquête, varie beaucoup autour d'une valeur moyenne de 1,78 p. 100; elle est insuffisante dans environ 40 p. 100 des cas.

Les sols des crus les mieux classés et des appellations les plus renommées sont mieux pourvus que les autres car ils bénéficient depuis longtemps d'apports réguliers d'amendements organiques.

Le maintien des potentialités des sols viticoles du Médoc - sablo-graveleux pour la plupart - nécessite l'épandage de quantités importantes de matières organiques d'origine végétale produites localement : fumier de ferme, sous-produits de la viticulture (marcs de raisin et bois de taille), écorces de résineux, composts urbains, tourbe.

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An investigation concerning the organic matter level of the viticultural soils of Médoc shows that this parameter varies in large proportions with an average value of 1.78 per cent.

Soils from the most famous, top classified crus and appellations are richer than the others because they have received, for a long time, regular organic improvements.

To maintain the potentials of the viticultural soils of Médoc - sandy and gravelly for the most part - needs a large distribution of organic vegetal matter locally produced: farm manure, by-products from viticulture (grape mar and cutting), conifers' bark, urban compost, peat.
Selective Desulfonylation of Oxidized Sulfur Compounds in Crude Oil by Alcohol-Mediated Nucleophilic Attack Studied by XANES and XRF Spectroscopy
Authors: Rankin Jonathan , Litz Kyle , Briggs Sarah , McCaskill Trent , Scudder Michael , Khalid Syed , Budhani Raman
Published: September 2016

Diesel, gas oil, whole crudes, and bitumen samples were subjected to sulfoxidation, and then subjected to hydroxide attack in the presence of ethylene or propylene glycol. The resultant oils were analyzed by XRF for total sulfur and XANES spectroscopy for sulfur speciation at each stage. The combination of these analyses gave the total amount of sulfur as organic sulfide, sulfoxide, and sulfone at each stage of treatment so as to determine the effectiveness of the desulfonylation for sulfur compounds of different oxidation states.
In Vitro Study of a Superhydrophilic Thin Film Nitinol Endograft that Is Electrostatically Endothelialized in the Catheter Prior to the Endovascular Procedure
Authors: Shayan Mahdis , Chen Yanfei , Shridhar Puneeth , Kealey Colin P. , Chun Youngjae
Published: September 2016

Electrostatic endothelial cell seeding has evolved as an exceptional technique to improve the efficiency of cell seeding in terms of frequency of attached cells and the amount of cell adhesion for the treatment of vascular diseases. In the recent times, both untreated and superhydrophilic thin film nitinol (TFN) have exhibited strong prospect as substrates for creation of small-diameter endovascular grafts due to their hallmark properties of superelasticity, ultra low-profile character, grown hemocompatible oxide layer with the presence of a uniform endothelial layer on the surface. The purpose of the current study is to understand the effects of endothelial cell seeding parameters (i.e., applied voltage, incubation time, substrate chemistry and cell suspension solution) to investigate the cell seeding phenomenon and to improve the cell adhesion and growth on the TFN surface under electrostatic transplantation. Both parallel plate and cylindrical capacitor models were used along with the Taguchi Design of Experiment (DOE) methods to design in vitro test parameters. A novel in vitro system for cylindrical capacitor model was created using a micro flow pump, micro incubation system, and silicone tubings. The augmented endothelialization on thin film nitinol was developed to determine the effect of cell seeding and deployed in a 6 Fr intravascular catheter setup. Cell viability along with morphology and proliferation of adhered cells were evaluated using fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy. Our results demonstrated that the maximum number of cells attached on STFN in the catheter was observed in 5V with the 2 hr exposure of in the cell culture medium (CCM) solution. The condition showed 5V voltage with 0.68×10-6 µC electrostatic charge and 5.11 V·mm-1 electric field. Our findings have first demonstrated that the electrostatic endothelialization on the superhydrophilic thin film nitinol endograft within the catheter prior to the endovascular procedure could enhance the biocompatibility for low-profile endovascular applications.
Determination of Genetic Variations of Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 2, 4 and 6 with Next Generation Sequencing in Native Cattle Breeds of Anatolia and Holstein Friesian
Authors: Bilgen Nuket , Cinar Kul Bengi , Offord Victoria , Werling Dirk , Ertugrul Okan
Published: September 2016

In recent years, the focus of disease resistance and susceptibility studies in cattle have been on determining patterns in the innate immune response of key proteins, such as Toll-like receptors (TLR). In the bovine genome, there are 10 TLR family members and, of these, TLR2, TLR4 and TLR6 are specialized in recognition of bacterial ligands. Indigenous cattle breeds of Anatolia have been reported to show fewer signs of clinical bacterial infections, such as bovine tuberculosis and mastitis, and it is hypothesized that this might be due to a less stringent genetic selection during breeding. In contrast, Holstein-Friesian cattle have been under strong selection for milk production, which may have resulted in greater susceptibility to diseases. To test this hypothesis, we have compared the TLR2, TLR4 and TLR6 genes of Anatolian Black (AB), East Anatolian Red (EAR), South Anatolian Red (SAR), Turkish Grey (TG), and Holstein (HOL) cattle using Next Generation Sequencing. The SAR breed had the most variations overall, followed by EAR, AB, TG and HOL. TG had the most variations for TLR2 whereas SAR had the most variations in TLR4 and TLR6. We compared these variants with those associated with disease and susceptibility traits. We used exon variants to construct haplotypes, investigated shared haplotypes within breeds and determined candidate haplotypes for disease resistance phenotype in Anatolian cattle breeds.
Remote Sensing for Detection and Monitoring of Vegetation Affected by Oil Spills
Authors: Adamu Bashir , Ogutu Booker , Tansey Kevin
Published: September 2016

This study is aimed at demonstrating application of vegetation spectral techniques for detection and monitoring of impact of oil spills on vegetation. Vegetation spectral reflectance from Landsat 8 data were used in the calculation of five vegetation indices (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), adjusted resistant vegetation index 2 (ARVI2), green-infrared index (G/NIR) and green-shortwave infrared (G/SWIR) from the spill sites (SS) and non-spill (NSS) sites in 2013 (pre-oil spill), 2014 (oil spill date) and 2015 (post-oil spill) for statistical comparison. The result shows that NDVI, SAVI, ARVI2, G/NIR and G/SWIR indicated certain level difference between vegetation condition at the SS and the NSS were significant with p-value <0.5 in December 2013. In December 2014 vegetation conditions indicated higher level of significant difference between the vegetation at the SS and NSS as follows where NDVI, SAVI and ARVI2 with p-value 0.005, G/NIR - p-value 0.01 and GSWIR p-value 0.05. Similarly, in January 2015 a very significant difference with p-value <0.005. Three indices NDVI, ARVI2 and G/NIR indicated highly significant difference in vegetation conditions with p-value <0.005 between December 2013 and December 2014 at the same sites. Post—spill analysis show that NDVI and ARVI2 indicated low level of significance difference p-value <0.05 suggesting subtle change in vegetation conditions between December 2014 and January 2015. This technique is essential for real time detection, response and monitoring of oil spills from pipelines for mitigation of pollution at the affected sites in the mangrove forest.
Further Investigation on Laminar Forced Convection of Nanofluid Flows in a Uniformly Heated Pipe Using Direct Numerical Simulations
Authors: Sekrani Ghofrane , Poncet Sébastien
Published: September 2016

In the present paper, laminar forced convection nanofluid flows in a uniformly heated horizontal tube were revisited by direct numerical simulations. Single and two-phase models were employed with constant and temperature-dependent properties. Comparisons with experimental data showed that the mixture model performs better than the single-phase model in the all cases studied. Temperature-dependent fluid properties also resulted in a better prediction of the thermal field. A particular attention was paid to the grid arrangement. The two-phase model was used then confidently to investigate the influence of the nanoparticle size on the heat and fluid flow with a particular emphasis on the sedimentation process. Four nanoparticle diameters were considered: 10, 42, 100 and 200 nm for both copper-water and alumina/water nanofluids. For the largest diameter dnp = 200 nm, the Cu nanoparticles were more sedimented by around 80 %, while the Al2O3 nanoparticles sedimented only by 2.5 %. Besides, it was found that increasing the Reynolds number improved the heat transfer rate, while it decreased the friction factor allowing the nanoparticles to stay more dispersed in the base fluid. The effect of nanoparticle type on the heat transfer coefficient was also investigated for six different water-based nanofluids. Results showed that the Cu-water nanofluid achieved the highest heat transfer coefficient, followed by C, Al2O3, CuO, TiO2, and SiO2, respectively. All results were presented and discussed for four different values of the concentration in nanoparticles, namely φ = 0, 0.6, 1 and 1.6%. Empirical correlations for the friction coefficient and the average Nusselt number were also provided summarizing all the presented results.
ABCD analysis of Dye-doped Polymers for Photonic Applications
Authors: Aithal Shubhrajyotsna , Aithal P. S.
Published: September 2016

Photonics is a subject of scientific study on generating, controlling, harvesting and detecting the beam of photons or light with a purpose of creating, manipulating,  storing, transmitting and detecting information using nonlinear optical properties of materials.  This paper is a new attempt to integrate scientific research and social research by analysing the characteristics of dye-doped polymer films for photonics applications. The analysing framework called ABCD framework to analyse any business concepts, business systems, technology, strategy, engineering material, technology or even an idea systematically by identifying the advantages, benefits, constraints, and disadvantages under various determinant issues and listing the constituent critical elements under each construct. In this paper, as per the ABCD framework, the various determinant issues related to the use of dye-doped polymer films for photonic applications through focus group method are determined as affecting factors under : (1) Material Issues, (2) Application Issues, (3) Commercialization Issues, (4) Production/Service providers Issues, (5) Customer Issues, and (6) Environmental/Social Issues. The constituent critical elements of these factors are listed under the four constructs - advantages, benefits, constraints and disadvantages of the ABCD technique and tabulated. The analysis has brought about 204 critical constituent elements which satisfy the success of this analysis methodology. 
Iron Induced Changes in Biochemical Composition of Freshwater Fish Gonoproktopterus Kolus (SYKES)
Authors: D. M. Karanjkar , Deshpande V. Y.
Published: September 2016

Fingerlings of freshwater fish Gonoproktopterus kolus (Sykes) were exposed to Ferric Chloride (FeCl3) in acute toxicity (96 hr.) experiment. The LC0 and LC50concentrations were 1.370 ppm and 1.928 ppm respectively. After acute exposure, various tissues viz. gill, liver, muscle, kidney and intestine were obtained separately from control, LC0 and LC50 groups. These tissues were subjected for  estimations of glycogen, protein and lipid using standard methods. As compared to control group, the glycogen content in all the tissues decreased considerably. The total protein content decreased in all tissues except, kidney in LC0 group. Total lipid content decreased in all tissues after acute exposure, as compared to control group.  It was observed  that, the fish Gonoproktopterus kolus exposed to Ferric Chloride in acute toxicity experiment caused depletion in biochemical composition in various tissues.
Promoting Healthy Cognitive Aging: A Systematic Review and Analysis
Authors: Kim Suk-hee
Published: September 2016

Promoting healthy cognitive aging within social work has been raised over the years, but the effectiveness of many preventions and interventions in healthy aging brain has been questioned because of the lack of the evidence. The purpose of the study is to carry out a scientific research review and analysis related to healthy cognitive aging brain and professional social work. This study reviewed major trends in the health care in cognitive aging environment which impacts on social work education, practice, and research including a shift from in-patient to community care setting and increasing diversity of the older adult population. A systematic review was conducted to determine the effectiveness of promoting healthy cognitive aging that target mild-cognitive impairment and screening among older-adults. In this scientific literature review, quantitative and qualitative outcome studies between 1989 and 2016 were reviewed. The researcher found that educational and social activity group interventions that can ease social isolation and loneliness among older adults. However, the effectiveness of home visiting remains unclear. The study also was completed to address a growing area of cognitive aging brain concern and implication for health care providers and professionals. Overall research findings support positive effects of social and family support, early mild-cognitive screening, quality of social network, healthy choice eating, and physical and mental activity in improving healthy mild-cognitive aging. 
Effects of Urban Activities on Underground Water of Jamshedpur
Authors: Pingua Sagar Pat
Published: September 2016

The population of Jamshedpur unban agglomeration is increasing continuously due to industrialization and urbanization. The needs of water can't be fulfill only through supply. In present, 48.11% of water-needs are depends on groundwater. Due to pressure on groundwater is decreasing rapidly. In 1960 water was available on average depth of 32.80 ft, but now their availability is doubtful also at the average depth of 360 ft. High capacity machinery are being used by the rich people for water, while hand-pumps and wells are drying up which is used by the common people. This issue also proved that:- (1) Groundwater budget is not satisfactory; because water recharge and consumption ratio is so differs, and (2) Citizens are spending lots of money and working hard for avail water. Therefore it is observed that, environment and land structure is decreasing through downfall of water table. Now it’s time to take an effective action to saving water, if not we are responsible to a big mistake possibly. The presented research paper is try to show the problems, which are arise to excess use of groundwater from 1960 to 2015.
Chlorophycean Diversity of Selected Ponds in Etturnagaram Wildlife Sanctuary, Warangal District, Telangana, India
Authors: Prakash J. W.
Published: September 2016

The present investigation was mainly aimed for to know the Chlorophycean diversity of selected ponds in Etturnagaram wildlife sanctuary, Warangal District of Telangana, India. The study was carried out for 6 months survey of Chlorophycean taxa, which deals with the planktonic, epithelic and benthic algae of ponds were studied. The total 38 taxa of Chlorophycean members have been recorded. This study was carried out during the months from 2015 December to May 2016.The samples were taken from five fixed ponds during the dry season of the year. 
A Critical Study of Values, Self-concept and Creativity among under Graduate Students from Rural Colleges
Authors: Dafare Priyanka , Bhende R. G.
Published: September 2016

Objective- The main objective of the study is to find out the values,self-concept and creativity amongUnder Graduate Students from Rural Colleges. This study will focus on comparison between the female student and male student about the values, self-concepts as per its dimensions and creativity.

Methodology- this research was done on the basis of Descriptive method. The investigator preferred normative survey for study.

Tools- the tools used for study was questionnaire PVQ by Dr  Mrs. G.P. Sherry and Late prof. R.R. Verma, SCQ by R. K. Sarswat.TCW  by , Dr. Baquer Mehndi .

Finding- Female students are higher than male student about Religious values.There is significance difference between male and female students about Hedonistic value, Power value and Family Prestige Value.There is no significance difference between male and female students about Aesthetic Values, Social Values, Democratic Values, Knowledge Values, Economical Values and Health Values.Female M.Ed. students are higher in self-concept in comparisons with male student. Male students are stronger than female students about physical self-concept. It is also found that Social self-concept among female is poor than male students. When compare for the Temperamental self-concept, Educational self-concept and Moral self-concept study shows that there is no significance difference in male and female students. While in case of intelligence self-concept female student are found to be more active and stronger.Female students are more creative than male students.
Flash Calculation and Phase Stability Analysis of Reservoir Gas-Water System—Implication for Extracting Dissolved CH4 by CO2 Injection
Authors: Zhao Haining
Published: September 2016

Geologic formations with abnormally high pressure and temperature are capable of storing huge amounts of methane, the production of methane while storing CO2 in aquifer could help offset the cost of CO2 capture and sequestration. The effect of dissolved CO2 in the water-rich phase on the total methane recovery from a CH4-saturated aquifer is still not clear, due to the lack of reliable equation of state to model water-containing reservoir gas systems.

Modeling vapor-liquid phase equilibria of water-containing reservoir gas systems is previously considered a challenge for the cubic equation of state models. A concise and reliable phase behavior model for compositional reservoir simulation is presented that uses a modified Wong-Sandler mixing rule with Non-Random-Two-Liquid (NRTL) model to perform flash calculation and stability analysis for gas-water systems (CH4-H2O, CO2-H2O, CO2-CH4-H2O, etc) at reservoir temperatures and pressures. The proposed model is able to handle both strongly polar fluid system and hydrocarbon fluid system under the same thermodynamic framework.

The model performance for the CH4-H2O and CO2-CH4-H2O systems was validated by a large amount of experimental data. As for the CH4-H2O system, the average absolute deviation of model calculated phase composition from the experimental data is around 5% for the gas phase and 7% for the aqueous phase. The model was used to simulate the two processes of CH4 recovery by CO2 injection: 1) the forward multiple-contact process; and 2) the backward multiple-contact process. The results showed that the forward multiple-contact process dominates CH4 recovery by CO2 injection. The maximum CH4 recovery factor (MRF) from CH4-saturated water by CO2 injection is approximately 50% to 70% and it is achieved only within a narrow temperature range (350 to 370K), regardless of pressure. The multiple-contact phase behavior simulation showed that, in typically reservoir pressures and temperatures (20 to 160 MPa, and 300 to 470K), 5 to 12 mole CO2 may be needed to recovery 1 mole of CH4 from CH4-saturated water.
A volatility-based approach to gold as a safe haven: can it explain the abnormalities in gold returns during periods of extreme financial adversity?
Authors: Alberta Oliveira Maria , Santos Carlos
Published: September 2016

In this paper, the authors provide an explanation of the abnormal behavior of gold returns between the 1st of January 2008 and the 31st of December 2013. The authors suggest a behavioral finance foundation to the fact that gold returns exceed those of a wide range of other assets over this period. The approach rests on the safe haven (SH) motif for flights to gold during heavy financial stress periods. The prevailing Baur-Lucey-McDermott paradigm on gold as a SH is shown to be insufficient, as it ignores the roles of volatility and risk preferences. The auhors suggest a formal SH definition, recovering those elements from behavioral finance. Contrary to the previous paradigm, the approach is data-consistent, in the sample period. The authors find that gold is a SH for all stock markets considered, some exchange rates, and even Euro Area sovereign bonds (including German bunds). They estimate the SH risk premium in all cases. The authors find that investors perceive the distinction between good and bad volatility, and that they do not ask for excess returns when gold volatility is high for SH reasons. This is consistent with the literature on the low frequency of idiosyncratic shocks in the gold market. Furthermore, the authors find evidence that, in a period of high financial uncertainty, fund managers building portfolios consisting only of gold might be acting rationally, contrary to the finance common sense for normal periods. In fact, in the sample period, gold is even strictly dominant in mean-variance terms, when compared to equity.
Keywords: safe haven, gold, euro debt crisis, risk preferences, fund management. JEL Classification: C22, C58, G01, G11, G15
The importance that customers place on service attributes of sale personal in the retail sector
Authors: van Scheers Louise
Published: September 2016

When examining retail patronage, customer satisfaction must also be considered. Secondary resources (American Marketing Association, 2007; Berman, 2011; Berry, 2008; Chang, 2006, p. 209; Helgesen & Nesset, 2007, p. 129, Kong and Jogaratnam, 2007, p. 279) observed that customer satisfaction is the degree to which customer’s expectations agree with the actual performance of the product and/or service South African consumers situated in Gauteng consider a sales person’s product knowledge as the most important attribute when making purchasing decisions. American consumers, in contrast, consider sales person respect as the most important attribute when making purchasing decisions. The implications for marketers and sales managers are that marketers and sales managers must provide adequate training for their sales personnel in order for them to treat customers in such a way to obtain their loyalty. The quality of the products sold at the retailer does not form part of the trade off options that customers are presented with.
Keywords: retail store customer, prices compared to competitors, salesperson product knowledge, salesperson responsiveness, South African retail consumers. JEL Classification: L81, M31
Corporate governance and financial performance: an emerging economy perspective
Authors: Haque Faizul , G. Arun Thankom
Published: September 2016

This paper investigates the influence of firm-level corporate governance on financial performance of the listed firms in Bangladesh. Agency theory suggests that better corporate governance reduces expropriation costs, which, in turn, enhances investors’ confidence in the firm’s future cash flow and growth prospects, leading to higher firm valuation. Likewise, a decrease in private benefits is likely to cause an improved operating performance. This paper uses a questionnaire survey-based corporate governance index (CGI), comprising of the three dimensions – shareholder rights, independence and responsibilities of the board and management, and financial reporting and disclosures. The study results partly confirm the prediction of the agency theory, with a statistically significant positive relationship between a firm’s corporate governance quality and its valuation, even though the relationship between firm level corporate governance and operating performance seems inconclusive.
Keywords: corporate governance index, agency theory, financial performance, Bangladesh. JEL Classification: G32, G34, G38, O16
Challenges impacting on small independent retailers performance in Soweto, Johannesburg in South Africa
Authors: Makhitha K.M.
Published: September 2016

This study investigated the challenges independent retailers in Soweto, Johannesburg in South Africa face. The empirical research using a survey method was conducted among independent retailers selling different types of goods. Due to inaccessibility of a database on independent retailers in SA, a convenience sampling method was adopted for the study. Existing literature was used to design a questionnaire targeted at independent retailers to investigate the challenges that impact on their business performance. The findings of the study revealed that competition is the major challenge that independent retailers face which is supported by existing research findings. Other challenges included costs of buying the products, high inventory costs and high rental costs. Furthermore, this study found that marketing related challenges are major challenges compared to finance related challenges. Independent retailers need to market the businesses appropriately in order to survive and do better than their competitors.
Keywords: independent retailess, costs, buying, selling, goods. JEL Classification: L81, F1
Impact of Muscular Arteries State on the Results of Surgical Treatment of Lower Limb Obliterating Atherosclerosis
Authors: Sander Sergey V
Published: September 2016

The failure of surgical treatment of obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower extremities may be associated with underestimation of changes in local hemodynamics, particularly in arterial hypertension.The objective of the research was to study the state of small muscular arteries in patients with arterial hypertension and its impact on the course of obliterating atherosclerosis and the results of surgical treatment.Materials and methods. There were examined 281 patients with obliterating atherosclerosis and 32 patients with arterial hypertension. Patients with obliterating atherosclerosis received presumptive treatment: an intravenous infusion of 4.2 g of L-arginine, forceful intra-arterial injection of 20-80 ml of infusate (heparin, pentoxifylline, procaine), femoral and gluteal nerve block.         Results. Among hypertensive patients without obliterating atherosclerosis 13 persons had paraesthesia, feeling of coldness in the feet, platypodia, hypomyotonia, slow (63.7±1.3 sec) reactive hyperemia, arterial stenosis (40-45%), and low-amplitude or nonpulsative local blood flow. Among 97 patients with stable course of obliterating atherosclerosis 49 (50.5%) persons were diagnosed with uncomplicated arterial hypertension. Most of patients (80.3%) had single level occlusions of the iliac-femoral or femoral-popliteal segment. Presumptive treatment was effective in 87.1% of cases, reactive hyperemia was rapid (26.2±0.4 sec), local blood flow was pulsative. Arterial reconstruction with limb preservation for more than 1 year was performed in 12 (12.4%) cases. Among 184 patients with progressive course of obliterating atherosclerosis 162 (88.0%) persons were diagnosed with complicated arterial hypertension. Most of patients (83.7%) had multilevel lesions with diffuse stenosis or occlusions of the tibial arteries. Presumptive treatment was effective in 9.5% cases, reactive hyperemia was slow (106.3±2.7 sec), local blood flow was nonpulsative. Within 2 months 83 patients underwent above-knee amputation. Arterial reconstruction with limb preservation for more than 1 year was performed in 17 cases. Patients with arterial hypertension and obliterating atherosclerosis developed sclerosis of muscular arteries, intimal hyperplasia.Conclusions. Arterial hypertension causes lesions of small muscular arteries of the lower limbs. Hypertensive arteriopathy initiates the ascending development of obliterating atherosclerosis, causes hypertensive foot syndrome and unsatisfactory results of arterial reconstructions.
Self - Revista do Instituto Junguiano de São Paulo
Authors: Souza Ricardo Pires de
Published: September 2016

Self é uma revista que se destina a divulgar o pensamento junguiano, primeiramente para pares e sob a revisão de pares, mas também, e não menos cuidadosamente, para toda pessoa que se disponha a compreender as ideias de Jung e todas as linhas de pensamento que se originaram a partir delas.
O autorretrato revisitado de uma avó
Authors: Maia Denise Diniz
Published: September 2016

Autorretratos são espelhos da psique profunda, reflexos de estados da alma. Ao serem olhados em série, como as imagens dos sonhos, revelam um processo em curso, um caminho trilhado. São retratados aqui alguns dos papéis vivenciados pela autora, como observadora de processos psíquicos, terapeuta de crianças em seu fazer lúdico, e como avó de meninas em uma constante descoberta, enfatizando a busca da criança interior como parte importante da maturidade criativa. Na ânsia de completar-se, o homem passa por diversas etapas e tarefas que referendam a primeira e a segunda metade da vida. Reconhecer e integrar as conquistas e as perdas dessas fases é condição necessária à busca de si mesmo.
Higienismo, imprensa e educação na Parahyba do Norte: o papel da mulher e a pedagogização dos hábitos
Authors: Vasconcelos Larissa Meira , Machado Charliton José dos Santos
Published: September 2016

Este artigo analisa os discursos pedagógicos voltados à conformação de hábitos e valores comportamentais presentes nos jornais da Parahyba do Norte, na Primeira República. Parte-se da premissa de que o fenômeno educacional não se limita à escola, mas se encontra difundido na sociedade. Logo, consideram-se como dotados de viés educativo, impressos que não se direcionam estritamente ao público escolar. Empreende-se, pois, uma reflexão histórica sobre a construção da mulher como pedagoga da nação. Para tal intento, dialoga-se com a Nova História, a qual propõe repensar os conceitos de leitura e de assimilação dos discursos construídos. Trata-se de problematizar as formas de ler e os modos de arquitetar uma Parahyba saudável e educada.
Preencher Potências e Inventar Educações Possíveis: pela experimentação de uma Formação-Sem-Órgãos
Authors: Mossi Cristian Poletti , De Oliveira Marilda Oliveira
Published: September 2016

O artigo busca, a partir da frente filosófica instaurada por Deleuze e Guattari na obra Mil Platôs (1995a, 1995b, 1996, 1997a, 1997b), pensar o campo educativo – o qual implica nas relações entre corpos, espaços, práticas, metodologias – como um fenômeno de estratificação de agenciamentos territoriais. Desse modo, a prática do Corpo-sem-Órgãos, enunciada por Artaud (Para acabar com o julgamento de Deus, 1947) e evidenciada também por Deleuze e Guattari em Mil Platôs, pode se tornar cara no sentido de gerar alguns movimentos de desterritorialização/desestratificação dos agenciamentos territoriais estratificados que formam o campo educativo. Isso implica pensar em pequenas educações, enquanto práticas marginais, que se alojam em uma grande Educação, já deveras instituída e legitimada, possibilitando aos corpos envolvidos em tais processos o “preenchimento de uma potência” (DELEUZE, 1988/1989, s/p) que lhes confere alegria produtiva e inventiva. Por fim, o artigo problematiza uma educação/formação sem órgãos que desinstitui as relações entre aprendizes, docentes e espaços educativos de formação de uma relação hierárquica, intentando tramar desvios sinuosos dos caminhos incessantemente pisados, invencionando outros percursos que se distanciam de receituários e identidades fixas.
Individualidade e Igualdade como chaves para a democracia criativa
Authors: Garrison Jim
Published: September 2016

Inspirado em John Dewey, este trabalho discute a ideia de igualdade democrática como mesmice e padronização, e as consequência dessa ideia. De acordo com Dewey, o autor defende que a pseudodemocracia econômica desenvolvida atualmente consiste na derrota da democracia política e social, bem como da genuína democracia econômica, e que a igualdade moral é incomensurável.
Um exercício que faz escola: notas para pensar a investigação educacional a partir de uma experiência de formação no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Kohan Walter Omar
Published: September 2016

O presente trabalho apresenta uma experiência prática de formação no campo da filosofia da educação realizada junto com Jan Masschelein (Universidade Católica de Louvain); Wim Cuyvers, Jorge Larrosa (Universidade de Barcelona) e Maximiliano López (Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora), além de setenta estudantes, entre belgas e brasileiros. Situo a experiência, descrevo seu marco teórico e metodológico e analiso alguns dos trabalhos resultantes dela. O eixo central do exercício é o conceito escola, ressignificado a partir de sua etimologia, como a materialização do tempo livre (skholé). Nesse sentido, a escola compreende quatro dimensões: separação (do tempo afirmado nos campos social, econômico e político); profanação (dos sentidos socialmente consagrados ou naturalizados); atenção (que torna o mundo interessante) e amor público (pelas coisas do mundo e o mundo como tal). Depois de tecer algumas considerações sobre o valor do exercício, apresento – apenas a título de primeira elaboração sobre o tema – o conceito de escola nômade.
Computed tomographic findings of pulmonary atelectasis in healthy anesthetized Beagles
Authors: le Roux Christelle , Cassel Nicolette , Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Zwingenberger Allison L. , Kirberger Robert M.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE To characterize the extent and location of atelectasis in healthy anesthetized dogs positioned in lateral recumbency and to determine whether repositioning dogs in sternal recumbency would resolve atelectasis.

ANIMALS 6 healthy adult Beagles.

PROCEDURES Each dog was anesthetized and underwent a CT examination twice with a 2-week interval between examinations. Once anesthetized, each dog was positioned in sternal recumbency, and a breath-hold helical transverse thoracic CT scan was acquired. The dog was then positioned in lateral recumbency for 30 minutes, and images were obtained at 5 preselected sites at 3, 8, 13, 20, and 30 minutes after repositioning (phase 1). Then, the dog was repositioned in sternal recumbency, and CT images were obtained at the 5 preselected sites at 5, 10, and 20 minutes after repositioning (phase 2). The protocol for the second examination was the same as the first except the dog was positioned in the opposite lateral recumbency during phase 1. The attenuation and cross-sectional area of the lung lobes at the preselected sites were measured and compared over time.

RESULTS Lateral recumbency did not cause atelectasis in any of the dogs. Patchy areas of abnormally increased attenuation were infrequently detected in the left cranial lung lobe when dogs were positioned in left lateral recumbency, and those areas failed to resolve when dogs were positioned in sternal recumbency.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that the extent of lung attenuation changes was minimal in healthy anesthetized Beagles positioned in lateral recumbency and should not preclude CT examination.
Evaluation of the minimum infectious dose of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in virus-inoculated feed
Authors: Schumacher Loni L. , Woodworth Jason C. , Jones Cassandra K. , Chen Qi , Zhang Jianqiang , Gauger Phillip C. , Stark Charles R. , Main Rodger G. , Hesse Richard A. , Tokach Mike D. , Dritz Steve S.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE To determine the minimum infectious dose of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in virus-inoculated feed.

ANIMALS 30 crossbred 10-day-old pigs.

PROCEDURES Tissue culture PEDV was diluted to form 8 serial 10-fold dilutions. An aliquot of stock virus (5.6 × 105 TCID50/mL) and each serial PEDV dilution were mixed into 4.5-kg batches of feed to create 9 PEDV-inoculated feed doses; 1 virus-negative dose of culture medium in feed was also created. Pigs were challenge exposed via oral administration of PEDV-inoculated feed, and fecal swab specimens were collected. All pigs were euthanized 7 days after challenge exposure; fresh tissues were collected and used for PCR assay, histologic examination, and immunohistochemical analysis.

RESULTS The PCR cycle threshold (Ct) decreased by approximately 10 when PEDV was added to feed, compared with results for equivalent PEDV diluted in tissue culture medium. Pigs became infected with PEDV when challenge exposed with the 4 highest concentrations (lowest concentration to cause infection, 5.6 × 101 TCID50/g; Ct = 27 in tissue culture medium and 37 in feed).

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, PEDV in feed with detectable Ct values of 27 to 37 was infective. The Ct was 37 for the lowest infective PEDV dose in feed, which may be above the limit of detection established for PEDV PCR assays used by some diagnostic laboratories. Overall, results indicated 5.6 × 101 TCID50/g was the minimum PEDV dose in feed that can lead to infection in 10-day-old pigs under the conditions of this study.
Isolation of endothelial colony-forming cells from blood samples collected from the jugular and cephalic veins of healthy adult horses
Authors: Sharpe Ashley N. , Seeto Wen J. , Winter Randolph L. , Zhong Qiao , Lipke Elizabeth A. , Wooldridge Anne A.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE To evaluate optimal isolation of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) from peripheral blood of horses.

SAMPLE Jugular and cephalic venous blood samples from 17 adult horses.

PROCEDURES Each blood sample was divided; isolation was performed with whole blood adherence (WBA) and density gradient centrifugation (DGC). Isolated cells were characterized by uptake of 1,1’-dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate–labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein (DiI-Ac-LDL), vascular tubule formation, and expression of endothelial (CD34, CD105, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, and von Willebrand factor) and hematopoietic (CD14) cell markers by use of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and flow cytometry.

RESULTS Colonies with cobblestone morphology were isolated from 15 of 17 horses. Blood collected from the cephalic vein yielded colonies significantly more often (14/17 horses) than did blood collected from the jugular vein (8/17 horses). Of 14 cephalic blood samples with colonies, 13 were obtained with DGC and 8 with WBA. Of 8 jugular blood samples with colonies, 8 were obtained with DGC and 4 with WBA. Colony frequency (colonies per milliliter of blood) was significantly higher for cephalic blood samples and samples isolated with DGC. Cells formed vascular tubules, had uptake of DiI-Ac-LDL, and expressed endothelial markers by use of IFA and flow cytometry, which confirmed their identity as ECFCs.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Maximum yield of ECFCs was obtained for blood samples collected from both the jugular and cephalic veins and use of DGC to isolate cells. Consistent yield of ECFCs from peripheral blood of horses will enable studies to evaluate diagnostic and therapeutic uses.
An Investigation on Disease Incidence, Grain Yield and Quality of BRRI Dhan29 in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md. Mahbubul , Sobahan Muhammad Abdus , Akter Nasima , Hossain Ismail
Published: September 2016

Rice crops are susceptible to disease, which causes large yield losses in many Asian countries. The influence of disease incidence and severity on grain yield and quality of the rice (Oryza sativa L., cv. BRRI dhan29) was investigated in three different locations of Chief Farm Superintendent’s (CFS) farm viz. Near Weather Yard (location-1), Near Agronomy Farm (location-2) and Near CFS farm office (location-3), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), mymensingh, Bangladesh during boro season. In location-1, both brown spot and sheath blight were recorded whereas in location-2 and in location-3 only brown spot was recorded. Severity of brown spot was lowest at the location-1 and the highest at the location-3. Combined incidence of brown spot and sheath blight decreased the yield considerably whereas brown spot did not alone. Maximum severity of sheath blight was observed both in flowering and soft dough stage and minimum at maximum tillering stage. The lowest infection index of brown spot was obtained at maximum tillering stage and the highest infection index was obtained at soft dough stage whereas maximum and minimum infection index of sheath blight of rice were recorded at soft dough stage and maximum tillering stage, respectively. Aparently healthy seeds, spotted seeds, discoloured seeds, deformed seeds and chaffy grains were found among the three locations. Germination percentage was highest in healthy seeds compared to other category seeds. Alternaria padwickii, Alternaria tenuis, Bipolaris oryzae, Curvularia lunata and Fusarium semitectum were found to be associated with the seed. The highest and lowest occurrence of A. padwickii, A. tenuis, B. oryzae, C. lunata were recorded from chaffy grains and from healthy seeds, respectively. It is suggest that disease incidence and severity was gradually increased with the age of the plant and reduced yield and quality of BRRI dhan29. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 311-317
Assessment of Seed Infestation Level of Brown Spot (Bipolaris Oryzae) in Different Rice Genotypes under Natural Epiphytotic Conditions
Authors: Pantha Prakash , Yadav Dil Raj
Published: September 2016

Bipolaris oryzae, the causal agent of brown spot disease, is an economically important pathogen of rice found in several rice growing countries in the world. Seed samples were collected from the rice experimental field comprised of different rice genotypes at National Rice Research Program, Hardinath, Dhanusha, Nepal in 2014 to determine the infestation level of B. oryzae and taxonomic identification of seed borne fungi by standard blotter method. The major recovered fungal mycoflora were B. oryzae, Pyricularia oryzae, Ustilaginoidea virens, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia oryzae, Rhizopus oryzae, Alternaria sp., Cercospora sp. and Penicillium sp. Seeds of all rice genotypes were infected with these fungi however frequency of fungal association varied among rice genotypes (from 12% to 96%). The percentage infection of B. oryzae was recorded maximum in all the rice genotypes compared to other seed-borne fungi. Madhaya dhan 845 and BI-0530-5-10-1-2 were the most infected genotypes and the infection percentage was 72% and 68%, respectively. Similarly, the least infected genotypes were Sabitri and TN-1 and infection level of 8% was recorded in both genotypes. Our findings may be used to predict disease occurrence and fungal transfer to new uninfected areas. Moreover, this study suggests that rice seed should be properly detected to check contamination by pathogens before sowing for effective and healthy crop production.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 294-297
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pomegranate juice extract and its antibacterial activity
Authors: Ibraheim Mona Hussein , Ibrahiem A.A. , Dalloul T. R.
Published: September 2016

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver nitrate was carried out using aqueous Pomegranate juice extract (PJE) as a reducing agent. The formation of AgNPs was characterized by UV-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) of ∼420-423 nm confirmed the earlier formation of AgNPs. TEM and XRD analysis showed that the AgNPs with an average diameter of 23 nm are crystalline in nature and have face-centered cubic geometry. The antibacterial efficiency of AgNPs against Escherchia coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed high level of inhibition. Further, the zone of inhibition increased with the increase in the concentration of silver nanoparticles. These studies are quite useful as it shows the utility of green nanotechnology for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles without any toxic residuals and byproducts. The efficient antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized AgNPs proves the application potential in the area of nano-medicine.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 254-258
Cumulative Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation and Photosyntheically Active Radiation on Phycobiliproteins of A Hot-Spring Cyanobacatrium Nostoc sp. strain HKAR-2
Authors: Kannaujiya Vinod K. , Rahman Akhlaqur , Adinath . , Sonker Arun S. , Pathak Jainendra , Rajneesh . , Sundaram Shanthy , Sinha Rajeshwar P.
Published: September 2016

Cyanobacteria are cosmopolitan in distribution and have adapted to diverse habitats. Adaptation of cyanobacteria is one of the key factors to withstand harsh environmental conditions. We have investigated the effects of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 400–700 nm), ultraviolet-B (UV-B; 280–315 nm) radiation and PAR+UV-B radiations on phycobiliproteins (PBPs) of a hot-spring cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. HKAR-2. There was a continuous induction of both phycoerythrin (PE) and phycocyanin (PC) after exposure of PAR up to 300 min. However, there was an induction in the synthesis of both PE and PC up to 240 min exposure of UV-B and PAR+UV-B radiations. Further exposure showed decline in the synthesis due to rapid uncoupling, bleaching and degradation of PBPs. Similarly, emission fluorescence also showed an induction with a shift towards longer wavelengths after 240 min of UV-B and PAR+UV-B exposure. These results indicate that short duration of UV radiation may promote the synthesis of PBPs that can be utilized in various biotechnological and biomedical applications. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 247-253
Antimicrobial Activity of the Leaf, Flower and Stem Extracts of Sphenoclea zeylanica
Authors: Gowri J. , Sahayaraj P.Arockia , Amaladasan M
Published: September 2016

The present study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antimicrobial potentials of leaves, flowers and stem extracts of Sphenoclea zeylanica. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and to determine the zone of inhibition of extracts against medically important bacterial and fungal strains. The antimicrobial activity was determined in the extracts using zone of inhibition method. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts (40, 50, 60 and 70) of Sphenoclea zeylanica were tested against B. subtilis, P. vulgaris, S.aureus, E.coli, C. albicans, A. niger, S. typhi and B. cereus. Zone of inhibition of extracts were compared with that of control for antimicrobial activity. The results showed that the leaf extract showed notable inhibition of the microbial growth against the tested organisms. The microbial activity of the Sphenoclea zeylanic a might be due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. Hence, this plant can be used to identify the specific bioactive natural products which may serve as leads in the development of new antimicrobial agents.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 325-329