bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reactive oxygen species activate the Drosophila TNF receptor Wengen for damage-induced regeneration
Authors: Esteban-Collado José , Fernández-Mañas Mar , Fernández-Moreno Manuel , Maeso Ignacio , Corominas Montserrat , Serras Florenci
Published: July 2024

Tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) control pleiotropic pro-inflammatory functions that range from apoptosis to cell survival. The ability to trigger a particular function will depend on the upstream cues, association with regulatory complexes, and downstream pathways. In Drosophila melanogaster, two TNFRs have been identified, Wengen (Wgn) and Grindelwald (Grnd). Although several reports associate these receptors with JNK-dependent apoptosis, it has recently been found that Wgn activates a variety of other functions. We demonstrate that Wgn is required for survival by protecting cells from apoptosis. This is mediated by dTRAF1 and results in the activation of p38 MAP kinase. Remarkably, Wgn is required for apoptosis-induced regeneration and is activated by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced following apoptosis. This ROS activation is exclusive for Wgn, but not for Grnd, and can occur after knocking down Eiger/TNFα. The extracellular cysteine-rich domain of Grnd is much more divergent than that of Wgn, which is more similar to TNFRs from other animals, including humans. Our results show a novel TNFR function that responds to stressors by ensuring p38-dependent regeneration.
Metabolically activated proteostasis regulators that protect against erastin-induced ferroptosis
Authors: Kline Gabriel M. , Madrazo Nicole , Cole Christian M. , Pannikkat Meera , Bollong Michael J. , Rosarda Jessica D. , Kelly Jeffery W. , Wiseman R. Luke
Published: July 2024

The carbamate-containing AA28 and related analogs are metabolically activated and show potent protection against diverse ferroptosis-inducing insults.
A continuous covalent organic framework membrane as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase for lithium metal anodes
Authors: Kim Tae Jeong , Li Xing , Chen Fangzheng , Liu Yayuan
Published: July 2024

Continuous covalent organic framework membranes were obtained via single-phase interfacial polymerization and applied as a protective coating for lithium metal anodes.
High-pressure effects on the electronic properties and photoluminescence of Ag-doped CsCu2I3
Authors: Dou Zan , Lin Zhihua , Wang Rong , Han Mengmeng , Ding Jianxu , Wang Haoyu , Luo Xiaoguang , Cheng Yingchun , Han Nannan
Published: July 2024

The photoluminescence of 10% Ag-doped CsCu2I3 can be enhanced by hydrostatic pressure. The photoluminescence mechanism is defect states emission.
Charge photogeneration and recombination dynamics in non-fullerene solar cells based on a polymer donor with a mono-fluorinated π-bridge
Authors: Lin Haobo , Xiao Zijie , Chen Chuan , Cai Zekai , Liang Yuan , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2024

PTzBI-dF based non-fullerene solar cells (PTzBI-dF:Y6) exhibit good exciton diffusion properties and bimolecular type carrier recombination.
Mechanism of N2O formation in catalytic after-treatment systems of ammonia/hydrogen-fuelled engines
Authors: Li Shilong , Cheng Gong , Chen Haoran , Li Ruichao , Xia Peng , Li Yue , Liang Xingyu , Wang Kun
Published: July 2024

Spin splitting of the d states of Pt clusters indicates a linear relationship with N2O formation barriers. Matching the degree of energy levels between molecules and surfaces determines N2O formation barriers.
Spin–flip equation-of-motion coupled cluster method with singles, doubles and (full) triples: computational implementation and some pilot applications
Authors: Manisha  , Manohar Prashant Uday
Published: July 2024

We present our computational implementation of the spin–flip (SF) equation-of-motion (EOM) coupled-cluster (CC) method with singles, doubles, and (full) triples (SDT) within Q-CHEM.
Extending molecular dynamics with dipolar NMR tensors as constraints to chiral phosphorus compounds
Authors: Sternberg Ulrich , Tichotová Markéta Christou , Tučková Lucie , Ešnerová Aneta , Hanus Jan , Baszczyňski Ondřej , Procházková Eliška
Published: July 2024

31P NMR parameters implemented into molecular dynamics with orientational constraints (MDOC) simulations facilitated stereochemical analysis of phosphorus-containing compounds.
Correction: A robust and porous titanium metal–organic framework for gas adsorption, CO2 capture and conversion
Authors: Pan Xuze , Si Xuezhen , Zhang Xiaoying , Yao Qingxia , Li Yunwu , Duan Wenzeng , Qiu Yi , Su Jie , Huang Xianqiang
Published: July 2024

Correction for ‘A robust and porous titanium metal–organic framework for gas adsorption, CO2 capture and conversion’ by Xuze Pan, et al., Dalton Trans., 2023, 52, 3896–3906, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2DT03158B.
Lithium–sulfur pouch cells with 99% capacity retention for 1000 cycles
Authors: Zhang Huangwei , Zhang Yidan , Cao Chen , Zhao Wanli , Huang Kai , Zhang Yi , Shen Yue , Li Zhen , Huang Yunhui
Published: July 2024

A SPAN‖Gr pouch cell was developed using high energy density SPAN as the cathode to avoid the shuttle effect and long cycling stability Gr as the anode to exclude the interference of lithium metal.
Introduction to the advanced materials themed collection: are advanced materials a progress towards sustainability?
Authors: Wohlleben Wendel , Rose Jérôme , Wiesner Mark , Vikesland Peter
Published: July 2024

Wendel Wohlleben, Jerome Rose, Mark Wiesner and Peter Vikesland introduce the Environmental Science: Nano themed collection on advanced materials.
Mulberry polyphenols restored both small and large intestinal microflora indb/dbmice, potentially alleviating type 2 diabetes
Authors: Li Fuhua , Ming Jian
Published: July 2024

Polyphenols in mulberry fruit have potential anti-diabetic effects by targeting the gut microbiota.
Tea, coffee, and caffeine intake and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Li Fengjuan , Liu Xiaoning , Jiang Bin , Li Xinying , Wang Yanqi , Chen Xiaojuan , Su Yuhao , Wang Xiaojie , Luo Jun , Chen Lifang , Li Jiangtao , Lv Qian , Xiao Jian , Wu Jun , Ma Jianping , Qin Pei
Published: July 2024

Limited and conflicting evidence exists for the associations between tea, coffee, and caffeine intake and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Design and synthesis of 7-azaindole derivatives as potent CDK8 inhibitors for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wang Yumeng , Lei Cencen , Wang Quan , Zhang Xingxing , Zhi Liping , Liu Xinhua
Published: July 2024

A new compound exhibiting excellent inhibitory activity against CDK8 was discovered. The mechanism was explored.
On-water synthesis of 3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyrans: Doyle–Kirmse reaction induced by blue-LEDs and ring-closing metathesis
Authors: Naveen Ramasamy , Muthusamy Sengodagounder
Published: July 2024

Water-mediated synthesis of 3,6-dihydro-2H-thiopyrans from diallyl sulfides and diazo compounds via Doyle–Kirmse reaction induced by blue-LEDs and ring-closing metathesis.
Variations in the charge-transport, nonlinear optical, and electro-optical properties of RM734 due to halogenation: a quantum mechanical study
Authors: Kumar Manish , Mishra Mirtunjai , Kumar Devesh , Singh Devendra
Published: July 2024

Due to their high anisotropic behavior, liquid crystals possess strong nonlinear optical properties.
A study of Ni(ii) catalyzed ethylene oligomerization and dimerization with various N∩N ligands: structure/reactivity/selectivity relationships
Authors: Badawi Mohammad Abd Al-Hakim , Alzahrani Abdullah Yahya Abdullah , Baddour Noura , Al-Zaben Maha I. , Khairbek Ali A. , Thomas Renjith
Published: July 2024

The Cossee–Arlman mechanism of nickel-catalyzed oligomerization and dimerization with various N∩N-type ligands was studied using the DFT method.
Sensitive and selective detection of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants with graphene-integrated sensing platforms
Authors: Sengupta Joydip , Hussain Chaudhery Mustansar
Published: July 2024

Graphene based sensing platforms offer effective and selective detection of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in the environment.
Microstructure-dependent particulate filtration using multifunctional metallic nanowire foams
Authors: Malloy James , Marlowe Erin , Jensen Christopher J. , Liu Isaac S. , Hulse Thomas , Murray Anne F. , Bryan Daniel , Denes Thomas G. , Gilbert Dustin A. , Yin Gen , Liu Kai
Published: July 2024

A multifunctional filtration platform is demonstrated using metallic nanowire foams that are efficient, robust, antimicrobial, reusable, promising against multi-hazards. The foam microstructures are studied and correlated with filtration performance.
Synthesis of diversely substituted quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones by cyclization of tert-butyl (2-cyanoaryl)carbamates
Authors: Kovela Satish , Karad Somnath , Tatipudi V. V. Ganesh , Arumugam Karthikeyan , Somwanshi Atul Vijay , Muthukumar M. , Mathur Arvind , Tester Richland
Published: July 2024

The synthesis of diversely substituted quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones by cyclization of a variety of tert-butyl (2-cyanoaryl)carbamates using readily accessible Boc protected o-amino nitriles is reported.
Iron-catalyzed cascade cyclization of diaryldiyn-3-ones with P(O)H compounds: a rapid method for accessing 10-phosphorylated benzo[b]fluorenones
Authors: Cao Yinwei , Ying Yue , Wu Jieyi , Chen Fushan , Tang Guo , Zhao Yufen
Published: July 2024

The first iron-catalyzed cascade cyclization of diaryldiyn-3-ones with P(O)H compounds for the synthesis of 10-phosphorylated benzo[b]fluorenones is presented.
New information about the cyclable capacity fading process of a pouch cell with Li-rich layered oxide cathodes
Authors: Luo Jinhong , Liu Jinghao , Su Zilong , Dong Hangfan , Ren Zhimin , Li Guohua , Qi Xiaopeng , Hu Bo , Quan Wei , Wang Jiantao
Published: July 2024

Based on the analysis of the evolution of key parameters during the whole cycle period, a new transition-typed fading mechanism is provided.
Dansyl fluorophore functionalized hierarchically structured mesoporous silica nanoparticles as novel latent fingerprint development agents
Authors: Oliveira Lais F. A. M. , da Silva Lais V. A. T. , Sonsin Artur F. , Alves Meclycia S. , Costa Cristiane V. , Melo Jeane C. S. , Ross Nicholas , Wady Paul T. , Zinn Thomas , do Nascimento Ticiano G. , Fonseca Eduardo J. S. , de Assis Alexandro M. L. , Hillman A. Robert , Ribeiro Adriana S.
Published: July 2024

Fluorescence of nanostructured hybrid material based on MCM-41 functionalized with chitosan and dansylglycine permits visualization of latent fingerprints.
pH-Dependent selective extraction of gold(iii) from synthetic solution and computer motherboard leachate using a hybrid nanocomposite
Authors: Abdel-Rahim Rabeea D. , Thabet Mahmoud , Abdellah Ahmed R. , Saleh Mohamed O. , Fadl Ahmed M. M. , Nagiub Adham M. , Gomaa Hassanien
Published: July 2024

Recycling gold from electronic waste offers significant benefits for both environmental protection and resource sustainability.
Reversible and size-controlled assembly of reflectin proteins using a charged azobenzene photoswitch
Authors: Tobin Cassidy M. , Gordon Reid , Tochikura Seren K. , Chmelka Bradley F. , Morse Daniel E. , Read de Alaniz Javier
Published: July 2024

We demonstrate reversible size control of protein assemblies formed from a disordered protein and multivalent photoswitch. This work offers a photoresponsive platform to control protein assembly.
Prognostic Value of Electrophysiological and MRI Findings for Pediatric Cochlear Implant Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jafari Zahra , Fitzpatrick Elizabeth M. , Schramm David R. , Rouillon Isabelle , Koravand Amineh
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electric compound action potential (eCAP), and electric auditory brainstem response (eABR) are among the routine assessments performed before and/or after cochlear implantation. The objective of this review was to systematically summarize and critically appraise existing evidence of the prognostic value of eCAP, eABR, and MRI for predicting post–cochlear implant (CI) speech perception outcomes in children, with a particular focus on the lesion site.

Method:

The present systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement. Three electronic databases (ProQuest, PubMed, and Scopus) were searched with no restrictions on language, publication status, or year of publication. Studies on children identified with sensorineural hearing loss, auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, cochlear nerve deficiency, or cochleovestibular nerve abnormalities reporting the relevance of eCAP, eABR, and/or MRI results to CI speech perception outcomes were included. The literature search yielded 1,887 publications. Methodological quality and strength of evidence were assessed by the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool, respectively.

Results:

Of the 25 included studies, the relevance of eCAP, eABR, and/or MRI findings to post-CI speech perception outcomes was reported in 10, 11, and 11 studies, respectively. The studies were strongly in support of the prognostic value of eABR and MRI for CI outcomes. However, the relevance of eCAP findings to speech perception outcomes was uncertain.

Conclusion:

Despite the promising findings, caution is warranted in interpreting them due to the observational and retrospective design of the included studies, as well as the heterogeneity of the population and the limited control of confounding factors within these studies.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26169859
Validity and Reliability of the German Vocal Fatigue Index in Adults With Voice Disorders
Authors: Stappenbeck Lydia Elaine , Bartel Sylva , Bohlender Jörg Edgar , Brockmann-Bauser Meike
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Vocal fatigue–related symptoms, frequent in patients with voice disorders, are reliably quantifiable with the Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI) in several languages. The main aim of this work was to investigate the content and construct validity of the German Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI-D) by comparison with the German Voice Handicap Index 9 international (VHI9i) and the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (VTD). Moreover, the scale and retest reliability were investigated.

Method:

In a prospective cohort study at two tertiary care hospitals, 93 adults with all types of voice complaints filled out the VFI-D, the VHI-9i, and the VTD. Eighty-one adults (
M
age
= 53.5 years,
SD
= 15.7) completed them one time, and additional 12 patients (
M
age
= 53.8 years,
SD
= 15.6) did a test–retest, completed them twice at an interval of 1 week. The validity was assessed by Spearman's rho and Mokken scaling and the reliability by a factor analysis and a two-tailed
t
test.

Results:

Mokken scaling has proven the VFI-D as one-dimensional questionnaire (one cluster,
r
= .95). All VFI-D items could be assigned to one of three factors according to principal component and principal axis factor analysis. Although Factor 1 related best to the VHI9i (∅
r
s
= .76) and Factor 2 to the VTD (∅
r
s
= .74), Factor 3 correlated moderately with the VHI9i (
r
s
= .34) and weakly with the VTD (
r
s
= .25). Results from the first and second VFI-D completion agreed strongly (
t
= −1.78,
p
= .10).

Conclusions:

In this study, the content and construct validity of the VFI-D were confirmed. Also, both scale reliability with identical factors as those in the original study and retest reliability were verified. The VHI9i and VTD were highly indicative of VFI-D Factors 1 and 2, respectively. No correlation between Factor 3 and the other questionnaires was determined. Future research should evaluate which characteristics are specific to vocal fatigue versus general voice disorder–related symptoms.
Balance Performance in Young Adults With Hearing Aids: How Can It Be Affected by the Visual Cognitive Task?
Authors: Orhan Emre , Batuk İsa Tuncay , Batuk Merve Ozbal
Published: July 2024

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a visual cognitive additional task on balance performance in young adults with hearing aids (HAs).

Method:

Twenty young adult HA users and 20 controls were recruited for the study. Participants were asked to stand on a force plate using computerized dynamic posturography and perform a Sensory Organization Test (SOT) as a balance task under single-task (ST) and dual-task (DT) conditions. The DT condition involved performing a visual cognitive task (Backward Digit Recall) while maintaining balance. Balance performance was measured using equilibrium scores under four different conditions.

Results:

The results showed that SOT scores of HA users decreased significantly in the DT compared to the ST (
p
of Condition 1: < .001;
p
of Condition 4: < .001;
p
of Condition 6: = .001). HA users' SOT scores in the DT condition were statistically significantly lower than controls (
p
of Condition 1: < .003;
p
of Condition 4: < .009;
p
of Condition 6: = .004). This suggests that the presence of a visual cognitive additional task has a negative impact on balance performance in young adults with HAs.

Conclusions:

These findings highlight the importance of considering the impact of cognitive tasks on balance performance in young adults with HAs. Further studies should investigate the specific needs of hearing loss patients in multitasking conditions, including age, degree of hearing loss, and cognitive ability, to develop effective interventions to reduce the risk of falls.
A Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis of Acoustic Measures of Prosody in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Fumel Jules , Bahuaud Delphine , Weed Ethan , Fusaroli Riccardo , Basirat Anahita
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Linguistic prosody is affected in Parkinson's disease (PD), which implicates the basal ganglia's role in the production of prosody. However, there is no recent systematic synthesis of the available acoustic evidence of prosodic impairment in PD. This study aimed to identify the acoustic features of linguistic prosody that are consistently affected in PD.

Method:

The authors systematically reviewed articles that reported acoustic features of prosodic production in PD. Articles focused on fundamental frequency (
F
0) and its variability, intensity and its variability, speech and articulation rate, and pause duration and ratio. From a total of 648 records identified, 36 met criteria for inclusion and exclusion. For each acoustic measurement and task, data from people with PD (PwPD) were compared with those from controls to extract effect sizes. Pooled effect sizes were estimated using robust Bayesian hierarchical regression models.

Results:

PD was associated with decreased
F
0 variability and increased pause duration. There was limited evidence of reduced intensity variability and speech rate in PwPD. No evidence was found to suggest that PD affects articulation rate or pause ratio.

Conclusions:

The primary acoustic parameters of prosody affected by PD are
F
0 variability and pause duration. The identification of these acoustic parameters has important clinical implications for the selection of PD management strategies. The association of
F
0 variability and pause duration with PD suggests that the neural circuits controlling these parameters are at least partly shared and might include the basal ganglia. While the current study focused on the phonetic realization of prosodic cues, future studies should examine whether and how PD affects prosody at higher levels of processing.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25892923
The Contribution of Noun and Verb Lexicon Sizes to Later Grammatical Outcomes in Mandarin-Speaking Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Luo Jianfen , Xu Lei , Wang Min , Li Jinming , He Shuman , Spencer Linda , Liu Huei-Mei , Guo Ling-Yu
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

The present study evaluated the applicability of the sentence-focused framework to Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants (CIs) by examining the relative contribution of receptive/expressive noun and verb lexicon sizes to later grammatical complexity.

Method:

Participants were 51 Mandarin-speaking children who received cochlear implantation before 30 months of age. At 12 months after CI activation, parents were asked to endorse words that their child could understand only or understand and say using the infant version of the Early Vocabulary Inventory. At 24 months after CI activation, parents were asked to endorse the grammatical structures that their children were able to say using the Grammatical Complexity subtest in the Mandarin Communicative Development Inventory–Taiwan. Children's receptive/expressive noun and verb lexicon sizes and grammatical complexity scores were computed from these parent checklists.

Results:

Correlational analyses showed that children's receptive/expressive noun and verb lexicon sizes at 12 months after CI activation were all highly correlated with their grammatical complexity scores at 24 months after CI activation (ρs = .52–.63,
p
s < .001). Regression analyses further revealed that verb lexicon sizes at 12 months after CI activation outweighed noun lexicon sizes in accounting for grammatical complexity at 24 months after CI activation.

Conclusions:

Our findings supported the prediction of the sentence-focused framework. Emphasizing the role of verbs in early intervention has the potential to enhance grammatical outcomes in Mandarin-speaking children with CIs.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26129044
Amplification technology for spatial division multiplexing signals transmitted using multicore fibres
Authors: Takeshita Hitoshi
Published: July 2024

Amplification technologies needed for spatial division multiplexing (SDM) signal transmission have been reported, especially focusing on submarine systems, which have stricter requirements than terrestrial ones. As the first step of a large‐scale commercialisation, 2‐core un‐coupled (UC) fibre production has already been announced. However, optical amplifiers for SDM signals are still under investigation because SDM amplifiers have various architectural possibilities, depending on the requirements to be considered in designing systems. The multicore erbium‐doped fibre amplifier (MC‐EDFA) architecture is classified from the viewpoint of the number of erbium‐doped fibre (EDF) cores and its pumping method. Core pumped MC‐EDFA is more compatible with the conventional single‐core fibre (SCF)‐ based system and more mature than cladding pumped MC‐EDFA. However, cladding pumped MC‐EDFA has a unique feature of collective amplification of all cores in a single multicore fibre (MCF) and the potential of large‐scale integration of amplification cores in a single package. For a feasibility study, a C‐band 19‐core cladding pumped MC‐EDFA prototype is fabricated using a 19‐core isolator. A half volume of the equivalent conventional single‐core (SC‐) EDFA is successfully demonstrated. One unique feature of UC‐MCF is bidirectional (BD‐) transmission using a single UC‐MCF. Signal transmission direction can differ from core to core. This feature is useful for efficiently accommodating traffic of asymmetric communication data and expanding transmission capacity at a constant transmission distance. A C‐band 7‐core cladding pumped BD‐MC‐EDFA prototype is fabricated for the bidirectional MCF transmission line. Experimental results show transmission capacity was expanded by 17% using the prototype when bidirectional signal assignment was adapted. Towards practical use, optical components suitable for MC‐EDFA need to be developed to draw out potential advantages of SDM technologies.
Coefficient of diffusion of tannins in extracts from red and black hawthorn fruit
Authors: Taneva Ira , Prodanova-Stefanova Vanya , Lazarov Anton
Published: July 2024

One of the main parameters of the extraction process is the coefficient of diffusion. It gives information about the diffusion properties of the material to be extracted and depends on various factors: raw material structure, solvent type, temperature, process duration, etc. Determination of molecular diffusion coefficients in extraction from red (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) and black (Crataegus nigra Waldst & Kit) hawthorn is an objective of the work. The extracts were obtained by ultrasonic extraction with 50 and 70% ethanol at three temperatures (20, 40 and 60°C). The highest values of coefficients for both hawthorn species were obtained at 60°C with 50% ethanol – 5.13.10-6 m2/s for black hawthorn and 6.4.10-6 m2/s for red hawthorn.
Extraction of β-carotene from peppers by means of certain organic solvents
Authors: Ivanova Nastya , Nakov Gjore , Raykova Violeta
Published: July 2024

The aim of this paper is to present a study of certain characteristics of sweet peppers (genus Capsicum and species Annuum), grown in a private garden located in the North-Eastern region of the country (Razgrad District). 12 types of sown pepper seeds are considered. 11 types of them have annually been collected from the best quality fruits and selected by an amateur gardener. Only one group of pepper seeds (number 7) has been purchased commercially. Before conducting the experiment, the collected peppers have been stored in a refrigerator (5 °C) within a week. The following characteristics of the peppers were studied: moisture content, dry matter and ash content. Static extraction of β-carotene from the peppers was carried out in four organic solvents, used as extractants (isopropanol, isobutanol, 1,1-dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane). The different organic solvents exhibited different extraction ability. The largest amount of β-carotene was extracted when polar organic solvents were used as extractants and first in terms of extraction ability was isopropanol, followed by isobutanol. The best organic solvent for extracting β-carotene from peppers proved to be isopropanol. The highest amount of β-carotene extracted by using isopropanol, was contained in sample № 7 (11.86±0.01 mg/100g of dry matter).
Considerations regarding barley germination
Authors: Fatu Viorel , Fatu Cristina , Botea Carmen-Mihaela , Tulea Roxana , Varzaru Gaudentiu , Ungurelu Razvan , Secere Mihai
Published: July 2024

Naturally, germination takes place under the soil surface hidden from the eye of the observer. Therefore, the main goal of the experiment is the understanding of the germination process in correlation with the growing degree days. The experiment is performed on samples of 100 untreated barley seeds placed in Petri dishes, subjected to four fixed temperatures, 5°C, 10°C, 15°C and 20°C, in four incubators, continuously over a period of 6 days. From the 3rd to the 6th day, a sample is taken from each incubator and the following data is collected: the number of germinated seeds, the number of stems, the length of the longest radicle, and the length of the stem. The data analysis shows that the barley seed germination rate reaches at least 50% after reaching 30 degree-days.
Failures count too: effect of the application of commercial inoculum of arbuscular fungi in a vineyard during its plantation
Authors: Baraza Elena , Hmida Islem , Borràs Joshua , Bota Josefina
Published: July 2024

Symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has long been recognized for its positive impact on plant health. Today, various companies market AMF-based commercial inoculants as biofertilizers or biostimulants for sustainable agriculture. However, their consistent efficacy in real-world field settings remains uncertain. This study investigated the influence of a commercial AMF inoculant on a newly planted vineyard featuring a local grape cultivar grafted onto a common rootstock (‘Ritcher 110’). Over two years, the physiological well-being, growth, and productivity of 20 inoculated vines compared to 20 control counterparts were monitored. The impact of inoculation on soil bacterial diversity and the infectivity of soil was assessed. Notably, AMF-inoculated plants exhibited consistently lower values in photosynthesis, growth, and grape production, although statistical significance was not always reached. Additionally, the total production remained unaffected, but there was a significant decrease in °Brix and pH values, suggesting delayed grape ripening in mycorrhizal plants, potentially promoting secondary metabolites accumulation. Regarding soil effects, the inoculation's impact was slight, with no substantial changes in soil mycorrhizal infectivity and only slight shifts in the microbial community's metabolic profile. Numerous studies highlight the context-dependent nature of AMF inoculation's effects, making it challenging to predict outcomes in field conditions. Failures found in trials like the present one provides valuable scientific information, contributing to determine the prerequisites for effective biofertilizer use in commercial viticulture. Ultimately, the effectiveness of AMF-based biofertilizers remains contingent on specific conditions, exposing the need for additional research to ensure their consistent and reliable application.
Electrochemical treatment of plastic industry wastewaters powered by photovoltaic solar energy
Authors: Marmanis Dimitrios , Thysiadou Anna , Marmani Ioanna , Fantidis Jacob G. , Kalogiannis Achilleas , Diamantis Vasileios
Published: July 2024

Electrochemical processes combined with renewable energy sources are considered sustainable and efficient for wastewater treatment. The combined photovoltaic – electrochemical (PV-EC) method can produce electrolytic hydrogen and purify industrial wastewaters by combining solar energy with electrocoagulation and electrooxidation processes. The PV-EC system's adaptability resides in its capacity to modify wastewater flow rate in response to the PV array's current intensity and instantaneous solar radiation. Operating parameters that affect process efficiency include wastewater flowrate, applied current intensity, electroprocessing time and solar irradiance were examined and optimal conditions were identified. The experimental results revealed that the initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 19 460 mg L-1 of the plastic industry wastewater, were decreased to 8000 mg L-1, after 2 h electroprocessing time using iron or aluminium electrodes at 600 mA current intensity. Further increase of COD removal efficiency was not possible either with increasing processing time, current intensity or using electrooxidation process. The results of our study indicate that the electrochemical treatment can reduce COD from wastewater generated during the production of plastic products. Moreover, the proposed method is applicable in decentralized areas without access to the electricity grid.
Methodology for choosing a hydrogen source based on a point system
Authors: Vlaykova Olga , Hristova Teodora , Evstatiev Boris , Boyadjiev Martin
Published: July 2024

The article examines the usage of hydrogen in gas transmission pipes as one of the measures to achieve the criteria of sustainable development and reduction of carbon emissions. Regarding choosing an appropriate kind, hydrogen sources have been analyzed. Due to the multifactorial nature of the task, such as raw material, price, efficiency, popularity, and the availability of many studies, a point system was developed to evaluate the alternatives with significant criteria. On its basis, it was established that the cheapest and gentlest natural method is the electrolysis of water. For this purpose, electrolysis methods have been evaluated, and efficiency depends on the energy source. Given the dependence of the price of energy on the country's energy mix, a point system is proposed based on the parameters: hydrogen's levelized cost LCOH and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). The newest criterion is the citation rating which gives popularity and an opportunity for new research.
Utilization of landfill gas from municipal solid waste by co-combustion with hydrogen
Authors: Koldassova Gulzira , Dostiyarov Abay , Amrenova Aigul , Iliev Iliya , Beloev Hristo
Published: July 2024

Currently, the problem of utilization of landfill gas (LFG) released in landfills and municipal solid waste landfills is becoming increasingly urgent. This is due to environmental pollution and, as a consequence, the level of increase in the incidence of the population. The article provides an overview of currently existing methods of landfill gas utilization. The authors of the present article have conducted research on the utilization of landfill gas from a municipal solid waste landfill by cocombustion with hydrogen. Some experimental data were obtained on the influence of various factors on the stable combustion of a gas mixture. The advantage of the proposed method are discussed, including its potential to reduce air pollution by greenhouse gas, as well as the creation of additional energy sources, and effective utilization of LFG from municipal solid waste landfills.
The influence of evaporation and rainfall on the reservoir water balance equation
Authors: Neagoe Angela , Tică Eliza-Isabela , Popa Bogdan , Dumitran Gabriela-Elena , Vuță Liana-Ioana
Published: July 2024

Evaporation has a major significance in the water balance of a reservoir. Usually, recorded data for the evaporation on the free surface of a reservoir are not available. There are numerous empirical relationships for the assessment of the evaporation that can be implemented into the water balance equation. In this paper, for Vidraru, one of the largest reservoirs in Romania, the Hargreaves method is used to estimate the evaporation values that are compared with recorded data obtained from Meteoblue archive. Recorded precipitation and evaporation data are used in mathematical model for water balance to find the answer to the question: can the evaporation and the directly water surface rainfall be neglected in the monthly/annual water balance of a reservoir? Daily meteorological values for the minimum and maximum temperature, evaporation and precipitation measured in the Vidraru reservoir area are used in this work. The main conclusion of the paper is that although in the summer months, on the surface of the lake, the amount of water lost through the evaporation is greater than the amount of water from the precipitations, on the time horizon of one year, the two components of the water balance of the reservoir have close values. Thus, for an accurate application of the water balance equation for a reservoir, the two variables, evaporation and precipitation, can be both considered or both neglected.
Comparative assessment of anticipated wind power capacities in Bulgaria and Kazakhstan
Authors: Iliev Teodor , Fazylova Alina , Stoycheva Bozhana
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a detailed comparative analysis of the projected growth in wind power capacities in Bulgaria and Kazakhstan from 2023 to 2030. It explores the development strategies, anticipated capacities, and the economic and environmental implications associated with these strategies in both nations. Bulgaria, with its strategic advancement under the European Union’s regulatory and financial framework, is set to expand its wind power capacity to 3.9 GW by 2030, including notable developments in both onshore and offshore wind energy sectors. The country's efforts are bolstered by governmental initiatives aimed at streamlining grid connections and facilitating faster project approvals, indicative of a mature market moving towards an integrated renewable energy system. Conversely, Kazakhstan, while starting from a lower baseline, displays significant potential for rapid expansion in its wind energy sector, aiming for a total capacity of approximately 4 GW by 2030. The focus primarily remains on harnessing its extensive onshore resources, with plans for offshore development still in the conceptual phase. This growth trajectory is driven by Kazakhstan's national priorities to enhance energy security and economic sustainability through renewable energy investments. This analysis underscores the varied approaches taken by Bulgaria and Kazakhstan in capitalizing on their geographic and political contexts to expand wind power, reflecting broader trends in global renewable energy development. The study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of renewable energy strategies in transitioning economies and their implications for regional energy markets.
Modeling and analyzing multi-megawatt direct-drive wind-turbine power system in offshore application: Power flow and short circuit
Authors: Xuan Hung Vu , Quang Huy Nguyen , Dang Cuong Nguyen
Published: July 2024

Renewable energy is experiencing a dramatic growth, in which wind energy plays a key role. The design technique of wind turbines must change to meet high requirements for accuracy and auto-ability. A designed wind turbine must be evaluated with various operational scenarios, while the traditional calculation method could be less effective and time-consuming. Recently, the technical calculation and simulation for electrical power system of a wind turbine are rapidly developed and show the high effectivity in analysis and optimal design. This study performs crucial simulations and analyses, including load flow and short circuit, to evaluate the design of a five-megawatt offshore wind turbine according to International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards using Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP) software. The technique and methodology presented in this paper help engineers make the right decisions regarding equipment selection and design of a wind turbine’s power system. Therefore, the reliability of designed wind turbine power system is improved in comparison with that of the conventionally designed one.
Analysis and determination of the optimal collector array orientation characteristics in solar systems
Authors: Zlateva Merima , Totev Totyo , Kanev Dinko
Published: July 2024

This paper presents results analysis for the distribution of direct and diffuse solar radiation for a specific climatic zone in Bulgaria. The influence of the slope angle of the collector array over monthly solar radiation incident is studied and regression dependencies regarding incident total, direct and diffuse specific annual solar radiation are derived. Based on the obtained dependencies, the optimal value of the solar collectors slope angle, that guarantees maximum value of the annual solar radiation, is determined. The ratio of direct radiation on an inclined to that on a horizontal surface depending on the azimuth of collector arrays with different slope angle is investigated using a dynamic simulation software. Graphical dependencies, allowing the determination of the total annual solar radiation at different values of the azimuth and the slope angle of the collector array are obtained.
Direct electromagnetic force control of linear induction motor with end effects using fuzzy controller
Authors: Markov Bojidar
Published: July 2024

In this article is a present dynamic model of a linen induction motor with end effects, occurs when the electromagnetic system of the motor is open. Instead of the angular speed and electromagnetic torque as a rotation motor, in the linear induction motor we have linear speed and linear electromagnetic force, which are sufficiently influenced by the open electromagnetic system of the primary and secondary elements of the linear motor. The choice of an appropriate control system for a linear induction motor is of particular importance considering the use of this type of motor in manufacturing. There are different types of control schemes for standard rotary motors that have their own advantages and disadvantages. When choosing a motor control scheme, we strive to achieve the following parameters, such as smoothness of regulation, ability to regulate in all four quadrants, accuracy of regulation, range of regulation and last but not least, simplicity of regulation. One such method that meets these criteria for rotary motors is the direct torque control method with space vector modulation. The control system of the linear induction motor proposed in this paper is based on this method, taking into account the open electromagnetic system and the occurrence of the end effects of the linear induction motor. Instead of the angular reference velocity as a rotary motor, in this case we have a linear reference velocity to the input, which is compared to the current linear velocity of the motor. The present paper also uses the vector modulation method by analogy with direct torque control with space vector modulation of the rotary motor. For the conversion of a linear velocity to a linear electromagnetic force, instead of a standard PI controller, it is using a fuzzy controller to convert a linear velocity to a reference electromagnetic force.
Dynamic characteristics of electromagnetic contactor with HTS-2G coil in liquid nitrogen
Authors: Ivanov Georgi , Mateev Valentin , Marinova Iliana
Published: July 2024

In this paper is presented experimental investigation of dynamic characteristics of electromagnetic contactor with Hightemperature superconductive (HTS) coil in liquid nitrogen. Transient characteristics of armature dynamics and current during electromagnet switching are presented and analysed. HTS coil could provide reduced electric energy consumption in long term operation by active coil resistance reduction, improving this way electromagnetic contactor energy efficiency. Estimation of electromagnetic contactor with HTS-2G coil energy consumption is also presented.
Optimiser les examens d’imagerie
pour confirmer un diagnostic d’épilepsie
Authors: Couturier Jérôme , Couturier Laurent
Published: July 2024

Les examens d’imagerie ne peuvent prouver qu’un animal souffre d’épilepsie mais peuvent seulement en identifier la cause (diagnostic étiologique).

Les examens d’imagerie sont la clef du diagnostic étiologique d’une épilepsie. Ils reposent sur l’imagerie en coupes, intra-crânienne (tomodensitométrie – TDM - ou imagerie par résonance magnétique - IRM) pour le diagnostic des épilepsies structurelle, et abdominale (tomodensitométrie ou échographie) pour le diagnostic des épilepsies d’origine métabolique.
L’IRM cérébrale est significativement plus sensible que la TDM pour la plupart des encéphalopathies, notamment lors de suspicion d’encéphalopathie inflammatoire, vasculaire ou dégénérative/de surcharge. La TDM doit cependant être préférée lors de traumatisme crânien.
Trojanische Pferde in der Onkologie
Authors: Holzhauer Peter , Götte Frederik
Published: July 2024

Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugate (ADC) sind eine neue Medikamentenklassen mit
zytotoxischer Wirkung. Sie ergänzen das Angebotsspektrum der onkologischen
Therapieoptionen. Neuere ADC haben eine höhere Effektivität, die jedoch auch
eine höhere Toxizität bedeuten kann. In dem Beitrag stellen die Autoren einzelne
ADC mit ihren zugelassenen Behandlungsoptionen vor.
Update: Ausgewählte Nährstoffe in der onkologischen
Intervention
Authors: Gröber Uwe , Friedrichsen Hans-Peter , Holzhauer Peter
Published: July 2024

Je nach Tumorentität und Geschlecht supplementieren bis zu 90 % der
Krebspatienten antioxidative und immunrelevante (Mikro-)Nährstoffe, häufig ohne
Wissen des behandelnden Arztes. Die Gründe für die Inanspruchnahme
komplementärmedizinischer Therapien sind vielfältig. Komplementäre Maßnahmen
werden sowohl in der Akuttherapie als auch in der Nachsorge eingesetzt. Ihre
Sicherheit und Kompatibilität mit der konventionellen Tumortherapie sind von
größter Bedeutung. Onkologisch tätige Ärzte sollten daher über die aktuelle
Bedeutung von Vitamin D, Selen (SELENOP), ω-3-Fettsäuren und anderen
(Mikro-)Nährstoffen sowie potenzielle Interaktionen mit der Krebstherapie
informiert sein.
Die Behandlung der Alzheimer-Krankheit mit Amyloid-Antikörpern
Authors: Adler Georg
Published: July 2024

Hintergrund Beta-Amyloid wird als wesentlicher Faktor in der Pathogenese der Alzheimer-Krankheit und als erfolgversprechender therapeutischer Ansatzpunkt betrachtet. In den USA wurden monoklonale Antikörper gegen Beta-Amyloid zur Behandlung der leichten kognitiven Beeinträchtigung und der leichten Demenz bei Alzheimer-Krankheit zugelassen.

Ziel Darstellung und Bewertung des aktuellen Standes der Beta-Amyloid-Immuntherapie der Alzheimer-Krankheit und ihrer Bedeutung für die klinische Praxis.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion Die Zulassung des monoklonalen Antikörpers Lecanemab zur Behandlung der Alzheimer-Krankheit stützt sich auf klinische Studien, in denen eine Verlangsamung des Krankheitsverlaufs bei Patienten mit leichter kognitiver Beeinträchtigung oder leichter Demenz nachgewiesen werden konnte. Bei den Studienteilnehmern wurde das Vorliegen einer Alzheimer-Krankheit durch den Nachweis von Beta-Amyloid-Ablagerungen mit Hilfe einer Liquor-Untersuchung oder eines Amyloid-PET festgestellt. Die Verlangsamung des Krankheitsverlaufs zeigte sich in einer besseren Erhaltung der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit und der Alltagsfertigkeiten. Im Amyloid-PET führte die Behandlung zu einer Verminderung der Amyloid-Last. Als wichtigste Nebenwirkung traten bei 12–13 % der behandelten Patienten im MRT sichtbare zerebrale Ödeme oder Blutungen auf, die bei 3–4 % mit klinischen Symptomen verbunden waren. Sie werden auf die Wirkung von Lecanemab bei gleichzeitig bestehender zerebraler Amyloid-Angiopathie zurückgeführt und treten vor allem bei Patienten mit einer Homozygotie für das Apolipoprotein-E4-Allel oder mit medikamentöser Antikoagulation auf. Die Behandlung ist durch die erforderliche Vordiagnostik, die häufigen Infusionen (alle 2 Wochen) und die klinischen und MRT-Kontrollen im Behandlungsverlauf recht aufwändig und nur für einen kleinen Teil der Alzheimer-Patienten geeignet, die sich in frühen Krankheitsstadien befinden und ein geringes Risiko für das Auftreten von Nebenwirkungen haben.
Der ältere Mensch in der Praxis – Biofaktoren im
Fokus
Authors: Birkelbach Daniela , Kisters Klaus , Classen Hans-Georg
Published: July 2024

Gerade ältere Menschen haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für einen ernährungs- oder
krankheitsbedingten Mangel an essenziellen Biofaktoren wie Vitamine und
Mineralstoffe. Auch die im Alter oft praktizierte Multimedikation kann dazu
beitragen. Der Biofaktorenmangel kann die körperliche und geistige
Leistungsfähigkeit betroffener Senioren beeinträchtigen, zu Erkrankungen wie die
des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems, Diabetes oder Demenz führen oder diese
verschlimmern. Aufgrund des großen Anteils älterer Patienten in der Praxis
sollte daher die Biofaktorenversorgung u. a. mit Vitamin B12, Vitamin
D3 und Magnesium dieser Risikogruppe gezielt beobachtet
werden.
100 Jahre Hautklinik Erlangen
Authors: Leistner Luise , Sticherling Michael , Berking Carola , Leven Karl-Heinz
Published: July 2024

Im März 2024 jährt sich die Ernennung von Leo Hauck und damit der letzte entscheidende Schritt zur Etablierung der universitären Dermatologie in Erlangen zum 100. Mal. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung der Erlanger Dermatovenerologie vom Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts bis in die Gegenwart. Nach den schwierigen Gründungsjahren folgte eine stabile Entwicklung, die 1945 mit dem Tod des Gründers und der Beschlagnahmung der Klinik durch die US-Amerikaner nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg ein jähes Ende fand. Erst in den 1970er-Jahren kehrte die Erlanger Klinik wieder in den Kreis der deutschen universitären Dermatologie zurück, wo sie nun als moderne Klinik an Forschung und Patientenversorgung auf höchstem Niveau teilnimmt.