bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing eating and swallowing in adults born with intellectual and motor disabilities: Face and content validity of a Swedish translation of the Dysphagia Assessment Package
Authors: Alex A. , Lindh M. G. , Palmcrantz S.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Adults born with intellectual disabilities (ID) and motor disabilities (MD) have higher risk of dysphagia and should be assessed to decrease risk of severe complications. However, standardised assessment tools in Swedish are lacking.

Methods

The Dysphagia Assessment Package (DAP) was cross‐culturally translated from English to Swedish (DAP‐SE) and tested for content validity by an expert group. Face validity was assessed by five speech and language therapist (SLT) during meal observations (n = 10), and the clinical relevance was reported in a study‐specific questionnaire.

Results

The DAP‐SE was culturally adapted within the process of translation and was found to contain clinically relevant aspects to assess and suggest further interventions for adults with ID and MD. Face and content validity was confirmed by the expert group.

Conclusion

This study, in which the DAP‐SE was tested in a small sample size, provides the first indications of the instrument's validity with respect to evaluating mealtimes, swallowing function and swallowing safety in adults born with ID and MD. The study adds to the knowledge on how to translate and culturally adapt an assessment tool to clinically assess dysphagia on a complex and vulnerable patient group.
Dampening Global Financial Shocks: Can Macroprudential Regulation Help (More than Capital Controls)?
Authors: BERGANT KATHARINA , GRIGOLI FRANCESCO , HANSEN NIELS‐JAKOB , SANDRI DAMIANO
Published: August 2023

We show that macroprudential regulation significantly dampens the impact of global financial shocks on emerging markets. Specifically, a tighter level of regulation reduces the sensitivity of GDP growth to capital flow shocks and movements in the Chicago Board Options Exchange's VIX. A broad set of macroprudential tools contributes to this result, including measures targeting bank capital and liquidity, foreign currency mismatches, and risky credit. We also find that tighter macroprudential regulation allows monetary policy to respond more countercyclically to global financial shocks. This could be an important channel through which macroprudential regulation enhances macro‐economic stability. We do not find evidence that capital controls provide similar benefits.
An aromatherapy massage intervention on sleep in the ICU: A randomized controlled feasibility study
Authors: Pattison Natalie , O'Gara Geraldine , Thomas Karen , Wigmore Tim , Dyer Jeannie
Published: August 2023

We conducted a feasibility randomized controlled trial exploring the effect of aromatherapy massage on sleep in critically ill patients. Patients were randomized to receive aromatherapy massage or usual care, and feasibility of recruitment and outcome data completion was captured. Sleep (depth) was assessed through Bispectral Index monitoring and self/nurse‐reported Richards‐Campbell Sleep Questionnaires, and the Sleep in the ICU Questionnaire. Thirty‐four patients participated: 17 were randomized to aromatherapy massage and 17 to control. Five participants who received the intervention completed outcomes for analysis (alongside eight controls). A larger study was deemed unfeasible in this population, highlighting the value of testing feasibility of complex interventions, such as massage for sleep in ICU.
NCR343 is required to maintain the viability of differentiated bacteroids in nodule cells in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Gao Fengzhan , Yang Jian , Zhai Niu , Zhang Chao , Ren Xinru , Zeng Yating , Chen Yuhui , Chen Rujin , Pan Huairong
Published: August 2023

Bacteroid (name for rhizobia inside nodule cells) differentiation is a prerequisite for successful nitrogen‐fixing symbiosis. In certain legumes, under the regulation of host proteins, for example, a large group of NCR (nodule cysteine rich) peptides, bacteroids undergo irreversible terminal differentiation. This process causes them to lose the ability to propagate inside nodule cells while boosting their competency for nitrogen fixation. How host cells maintain the viability of differentiated bacteroids while maximizing their nitrogen‐reducing activities remains elusive.

Here, through mutant screen, map‐based cloning, and genetic complementation, we find that NCR343 is required for the viability of differentiated bacteroids. In Medicago truncatula debino1 mutant, differentiated bacteroids decay prematurely, and NCR343 is proved to be the casual gene for debino1.

NCR343 is mainly expressed in the nodule fixation zone, where bacteroids are differentiated. In nodule cells, mature NCR343 peptide is secreted into the symbiosomes. RNA‐Seq assay shows that many stress‐responsive genes are significantly induced in debino1 bacteroids. Additionally, a group of stress response‐related rhizobium proteins are identified as putative interacting partners of NCR343.

In summary, our findings demonstrate that beyond promoting bacteroid differentiation, NCR peptides are also required in maintaining the viability of differentiated bacteroids.
Ideology as a function in Rousseau's Social Contract
Authors: Holm Andreas Beck
Published: August 2023

This paper demonstrates how ideology plays a major, but previously neglected role in Rousseau's treatment of politics in the Social Contract. Specifically, it shows how a number of key elements in his line of argument come close to ideology criticism as it is conceived in Louis Althusser's theory of ideological state apparatuses. This is the case not just in relation to the distinction between general will and particular will, but also in relation to such concepts as property and social contract. However, the paper also demonstrates how this pre‐Marxist understanding of ideology co‐exists in the text with a different and more primitive understanding of ideology which is incompatible with Marxism and which points back to Rousseau's previous discourse on the origins of inequality. The paper concludes that while there are definitely elements in Rousseau's text which point toward a future development of the theme of ideology in Marxist theory, the Social Contract on the whole is characterized by heterogeneity on this topic.
Structure recovery for partially observed discrete Markov random fields on graphs under not necessarily positive distributions
Authors: Leonardi Florencia , Carvalho Rodrigo , Frondana Iara
Published: August 2023

We propose a penalized conditional likelihood criterion to estimate the basic neighborhood of each node in a discrete Markov random field that can be partially observed. We prove the convergence of the estimator in the case of a finite or countable infinite set of nodes. The estimated neighborhoods can be combined to estimate the underlying graph. In the finite case, the graph can be recovered with probability one. In contrast, we can recover any finite subgraph with probability one in the countable infinite case by allowing the candidate neighborhoods to grow as a function , with the sample size. Our method requires minimal assumptions on the probability distribution, and contrary to other approaches in the literature, the usual positivity condition is not needed. We evaluate the estimator's performance on simulated data and apply the methodology to a real dataset of stock index markets in different countries.
A comparison of two pre‐race medical screening tools in 5771 running race entrants—SAFER XXVIII
Authors: Leppan Jordan , Schwellnus Martin , Sewry Nicola , Boulter Jeremy , van Rensburg Dina (Christa) Janse , Dyer Marlise , Jordaan Esme
Published: August 2023

Objective

To determine if two pre‐race screening tools (abbreviated tool of two open‐ended pre‐race medical screening questions [ABBR] vs. a full pre‐race medical screening tool [FULL]) identify running race entrants at higher risk for medical encounters (MEs) on race day.

Methods

5771 consenting race entrants completed both an ABBR and a FULL pre‐race screening questionnaire for the 2018 Comrades Marathon (90 km). ABBR tool questions were (1) allergies, and (2) known medical conditions and/or prescription medication use. The FULL tool included multiple domains of questions for chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), symptoms, risk factors, allergies and medication use. ABBR responses were manually coded and compared to the FULL tool. The prevalence (%: 95%CI), and the test for equality of prevalence of entrants identified by the ABBR vs. FULL tool is reported.

Results

The ABBR identified fewer entrants with allergies (ABBR = 7.9%; FULL = 10.4%: p = 0.0001) and medical conditions/medication use (ABBR = 8.9%; FULL = 27.4%: p = 0.0001). The ABBR tool significantly under‐reported entrants with history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), CVD risk factors, other chronic diseases and prescription medication vs. the FULL tool (p = 0.0001). The ABBR tool identified fewer entrants in the “high” (ABBR = 3.4%; FULL = 12.4%) and “very high” risk (ABBR = 0.5%; FULL = 3.4%) categories for race day MEs (p = 0.0001).

Conclusions

An abbreviated pre‐race screening tool significantly under‐estimates chronic medical conditions, allergies, and race entrants at higher risk for MEs on race day, compared with a full comprehensive screening tool. We recommend that a full pre‐race medical screening tool be used to identify race entrants at risk for MEs.
Associations of classical HLA alleles with depression and anxiety
Authors: Cheng Bolun , Yang Jian , Cheng Shiqiang , Pan Chuyu , Liu Li , Meng Peilin , Yang Xuena , Wei Wenming , Liu Huan , Jia Yumeng , Wen Yan , Zhang Feng
Published: August 2023

Immune dysregulation has been widely observed in patients with psychiatric disorders. This study aims to examine the association between HLA alleles and depression and anxiety. Using data from the UK Biobank, we performed regression analyses to assess the association of 359 HLA alleles with depression and anxiety, as determined by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) score (n = 120,033), self‐reported depression (n = 121,685), general anxiety disorder (GAD‐7) score (n = 120,590), and self‐reported anxiety (n = 108,310). Subsequently, we conducted gene environmental interaction study (GEIS) to evaluate the potential effects of interactions between HLA alleles and environmental factors on the risk of depression and anxiety. Sex stratification was implemented in all analysis. Our study identified two significant HLA alleles associated with self‐reported depression, including HLA‐C*07:01 (β = −0.015, p = 5.54 × 10−5) and HLA‐B*08:01 (β = −0.015, p = 7.78 × 10−5). Additionally, we identified four significant HLA alleles associated with anxiety score, such as HLA‐DRB1*07:01 (β = 0.084, p = 9.28 × 10−5) and HLA‐B*57:01 (β = 0.139, p = 1.22 × 10−4). GEIS revealed that certain HLA alleles interacted with environmental factors to influence mental health outcomes. For instance, HLA‐A*02:07 × cigarette smoking was associated with depression score (β = 0.976, p = 1.88 × 10−6). Moreover, sex stratification analysis revealed significant sex‐based differences in the interaction effects of certain HLA alleles with environmental factors. Our findings indicate the considerable impact of HLA alleles on the risks of depression and anxiety, providing valuable insights into the functional relevance of immune dysfunction in these conditions.
New challenges in international economics and finance
Authors: Jiménez‐Rodríguez Rebeca , Prats María A.
Published: August 2023

This Special Issue brings together 13 papers that examine a variety of central topics in the field of international economics and finance. These papers were presented at the 23rd Conference on International Economics held in Málaga (Spain) on 16th–17th June 2022. The conference was organised by the Spanish Association of International Economics and Finance (AEEFI) and the University of Málaga. The selected papers make up an interesting and revealing set of information to study the new challenges of the international economics and finance in a context especially marked by the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, the climate change, the challenge posed by the COVID‐19 crisis and the instability unleashed after the invasion of Ukraine in 2022. From different perspectives, the papers analyse how events that have particularly affected the evolution of the world economy have substantially altered the rules of international trade, foreign direct investment, as well as monetary, fiscal or sectoral policy. The conference included two keynote lectures by Per Krusell (Institute for International Economic Studies, Stockholm University) and Fabio Canova (Norwegian Business School and Budapest School for Central Banking Studies), as well as 97 selected contributions.
Knowledge assessment of a donor adverse reaction severity grading tool by the National Blood Donor Vigilance Programme of India
Authors: Bisht Akanksha , Arora Satyam , Patidar Gopal , Marwaha Neelam
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives

The severity grading tool (SGT) was recently designed by the Association for Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies (AABB) to have more objectivity in severity assignment for an adverse donor reaction after blood donation. A study was performed in India to assess the knowledge (post‐training) and determine the degree of agreement of the SGT between participating centres and the subject expert group.

Materials and Methods

This prospective cross‐sectional survey‐based study was conducted by the National Coordinating Centre (NCC) of the National Blood Donor Vigilance Programme (NBDVP) of India. Thirty‐five real‐world case scenarios, validated by seven national and two international experts, were sent to the participating centres, and their responses received (diagnosis and severity grade) were compared and analysed.

Results

A total of 50 blood centres participated in the study. The overall agreement between the participating centres and the expert group was 66.4%, with a fair Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W) of 0.271 (p‐value < 0.05). The degree of agreement was observed to be more than 80% for 12 centres, 60%–80% for 27 centres and <60% for 11 centres. The overall degree/percentage of agreement for cases with single and multiple types of donor adverse reaction was 71.3% and 42.6%, respectively.

Conclusion

The SGT will be an efficient mode to have uniform objective reporting of the adverse donor reactions and may be implemented in the NBDVP of India. This study also highlights the need for training of the blood centres on the basic definitions and categorization of the donor's adverse reaction.
Inteligência Artificial e Direitos Humanos: uma Avaliação Ética nos Negócios
Authors: Kriebitz Alexander , Lütge Christoph
Published: August 2023

A inteligência artificial (IA) evoluiu como uma tecnologia disruptiva, gerando impactos para uma ampla gama de questões relacionadas aos direitos humanos, que vão desde a discriminação até a devida diligência na cadeia logística. Dadas as crescentes obrigações de direitos humanos das empresas e a intensificação do discurso sobre IA e direitos humanos, lançamos luz sobre as responsabilidades dos atores corporativos em termos de padrões de direitos humanos no contexto do desenvolvimento e uso da IA. Quais são as implicações das obrigações de direitos humanos para as empresas que desenvolvem e usam IA? Em nosso artigo, discutimos, primeiramente, se a IA possui um conflito intrínseco com os direitos humanos e com a autonomia humana. A seguir, discutimos como a IA pode estar ligada ao critério de beneficência, que integra a ética da IA, ​​e como a IA pode ser aplicada em áreas relacionadas aos direitos humanos. Por fim, aprofundamo-nos sobre aspectos particulares do que significa estar em conformidade com os direitos humanos, abordando áreas problemáticas específicas da IA.

Palavras-chave: inteligência artificial, ética corporativa, privacidade, digitalização, direitos humanos.
La Metodología Para Construir El Libro “Sentencias Feministas: Reescribiendo La Justicia Con Perspectiva De Género. Proyecto México
Authors: Montoya Ramos Isabel , González de La Vega Hernández Geraldina
Published: August 2023

Ser mujer continúa siendo un motivo para no gozar de manera plena de los derechos humanos, particularmente, del derecho a vivir libres de violencia. Lamentablemente, las circunstancias de vida de las mujeres siguen siendo menos benéficas que las de los hombres ya que siguen viviendo en planos de desigualdad, discriminación, violencia y opresión. Ese contexto debe ser visible y tomado en cuenta en las disputas judiciales en las que las mujeres sean parte. En ese sentido, este artículo tiene la finalidad de describir cómo se realizó el libro “Sentencias feministas, reescribiendo la justicia con perspectiva de género. Proyecto México”. El libro es una obra única en México y el primer proyecto de reescritura de sentencias con enfoque feminista en América Latina. Entonces, el presente texto describe la metodología que guío la construcción del libro. Los puntos centrales de la metodología empleada, son, primeramente, que las sentencias se reescribieron sin modificar los hechos, la litis, los argumentos de las partes o los elementos de prueba. En segundo término, las resoluciones fueron reescritas con la misma ley aplicable (normas, jurisprudencia nacional e internacional, protocolos y doctrina) vigente en el momento en que se emitió la sentencia original. En tercer lugar, el libro está centrado en el marco de los derechos humanos, específicamente, los de las mujeres y otros grupos en desventaja como la comunidad LGBTTTQ+.

 

PALABRAS CLAVE: Juzgar con perspectiva de género, feminismo jurídico, sentencias feministas, activismo  académico, metodología del feminismo
Shape and Generalized Topology Optimization of Curved Grid Stiffeners Through the Level Set-Based Density Method
Authors: Huang Zhuo , Tian Ye , Yang Kang , Shi Tielin , Xia Qi
Published: August 2023

A shape and generalized topology optimization method based on the level set-based density method is proposed to design the curved grid stiffeners. The overall layout of the stiffeners is described by combining many single stiffeners, and each single stiffener is described by a level set function parameterized by using the compactly supported radial basis functions (CS-RBFs). The curvilinear path of each stiffener is described by the zero iso-contour of each level set function, and the width of each stiffener is described by applying an interval projection to each level set function. The combination operation that is similar to the Boolean operation “union” is achieved by using the p-norm method. The expansion coefficients of CS-RBFs are taken as part of the design variables of the optimization, and they are responsible for changing the shape of curved stiffeners. A topology design variable is assigned to each single stiffener, and it is responsible for changing the existence of single stiffeners. The proposed method is validated through several numerical examples, and the results demonstrate that the shape and topology of stiffeners can be effectively changed during the optimization.
Thermally Assisted Rotational Autofrettage of Long Cylinders With Free Ends
Authors: Shufen Rajkumar , Singh Ngangkham Peter , Dixit Uday Shanker
Published: August 2023

Autofrettage is a widely employed process for strengthening cylindrical or spherical pressure vessels. The process involves applying a uniform load to the inner wall of a vessel to cause a controlled plastic deformation, where the vessel yields starting from the inner wall up to an intermediate radius. When the load is removed, elastic recovery takes place and compressive residual stresses are induced in the vicinity of the inner wall, which strengthen the vessel against high static and pulsating loads during service. Based on the load employed, autofrettage can be of five types—hydraulic, swage, explosive, thermal, and rotational. This work analyzes a rotational autofrettage augmented by a thermal load where the load is applied by rotating the cylinder about its axis while maintaining a temperature gradient across the wall. The combined centrifugal and thermally induced stresses cause plastic deformation in the cylinder. When the cylinder is unloaded by bringing it to rest and cooling down to room temperature, compressive hoop residual stresses are introduced in the vicinity of the inner wall. A finite element method model of the proposed thermally assisted rotational autofrettage is developed for a cylinder made of AH36 mild steel in a commercial package ABAQUS®. The results indicate that the thermal load reduces the rotational speed required for autofrettage, when compared to a conventional pure rotational autofrettage. The thermal load also mitigates the tensile axial residual stresses, which are typical in a purely rotational autofrettage. A conceptual design of the experimental setup is also presented.
Relationships of Contact Technique in Training and Matches With Performance and Injury Outcomes in Male Rugby Union
Authors: den Hollander Steve , Lambert Michael , Davidow Demi , Jones Ben , Hendricks Sharief
Published: August 2023

The aims of this study were 3-fold: (1) to compare technical proficiency scores between training and matches for tackling, ball-carrying, and rucking outcomes; (2) to determine the relationship between technique in training and technique in matches for tackling, ball carrying, and rucking; and (3) to determine how contact technique (in training and matches) relates to match performance and injury outcomes. Twenty-four male players from an amateur rugby union club participated in the study. At the beginning of the season, players’ contact technique proficiency was assessed in a training drill. Contact technique in matches was assessed during 14 competitive matches. The technique proficiency was assessed using standardized criteria, and the outcomes of each tackle, ball carry, and ruck were recorded. In training and matches, positive performance outcomes were associated with higher contact technique proficiency scores. For instance, in both settings, tackle technique was significantly lower in missed tackles when compared to effective and ineffective tackles. Players’ contact technique scores in matches also had a positive effect on their tackle performance in matches. Ball-carry technique was associated with tackle breaks in matches (P < .05, r2 = .31). In training and match environments, tackler, ball-carrier, and ruck technique scores were significantly associated with effective tackles, ball carries, and rucks. Despite the relationship between technical proficiency scores and performance, there were small to moderately higher scores in training compared with matches. The current study highlights the importance of contact skill training, in different environments and conditions, to ensure that skills developed in training are transferred to match performance.
The dawn of spatial omics
Authors: Bressan Dario , Battistoni Giorgia , Hannon Gregory J.
Published: August 2023

Spatial omics has been widely heralded as the new frontier in life sciences. This term encompasses a wide range of techniques that promise to transform many areas of biology and eventually revolutionize pathology by measuring physical tissue structure and molecular characteristics at the same time. Although the field came of age in the past 5 years, it still suffers from some growing pains: barriers to entry, robustness, unclear best practices for experimental design and analysis, and lack of standardization. In this Review, we present a systematic catalog of the different families of spatial omics technologies; highlight their principles, power, and limitations; and give some perspective and suggestions on the biggest challenges that lay ahead in this incredibly powerful—but still hard to navigate—landscape.
The complex dynamics of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Turkey,Mw7.8-7.7 earthquake doublet
Authors: Jia Zhe , Jin Zeyu , Marchandon Mathilde , Ulrich Thomas , Gabriel Alice-Agnes , Fan Wenyuan , Shearer Peter , Zou Xiaoyu , Rekoske John , Bulut Fatih , Garagon Aslı , Fialko Yuri
Published: August 2023

The destructive 2023 moment magnitude (Mw) 7.8-7.7 earthquake doublet ruptured multiple segments of the East Anatolian Fault system in Turkey. We integrated multiscale seismic and space-geodetic observations with multifault kinematic inversions and dynamic rupture modeling to unravel the events’ complex rupture history and stress-mediated fault interactions. Our analysis reveals three subshear slip episodes during the initialMw7.8 earthquake with a delayed rupture initiation to the southwest. TheMw7.7 event occurred 9 hours later with a larger slip and supershear rupture on its western branch. Mechanically consistent dynamic models accounting for fault interactions can explain the unexpected rupture paths and require a heterogeneous background stress. Our results highlight the importance of combining near- and far-field observations with data-driven and physics-based models for seismic hazard assessment.
David Bohm’s unfinished revolution
The Essential David Bohm
Lee Nichol, ed.
Routledge, 2003, 368 pp.
Authors: Gomez-Marin Alex
Published: August 2023

An anniversary offers scientists an opportunity to revisit the work of an audacious physicist
In Other Journals
Authors: Funk Michael A. , Lempriere Sarah A. , Ray L. Bryan , Kelly Priscilla N. , Stern Peter , Stajic Jelena , Yeston Jake
Published: August 2023

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature
Supplemental Material: 50,000 yr of recurrent volcaniclastic megabed deposition in the Marsili Basin, Tyrrhenian Sea
Authors: Sawyer Derek E. , al. et
Published: August 2023

Properties and characteristics of Marsili Basin megabeds.  
Children’s right to the city and their independent mobility: why it matters for public health
Authors: Frohlich Katherine L , Collins Patricia A
Published: August 2023

Automobile-centric community design, or ‘motornormativity’, severely restricts opportunities for children to engage in active transportation (AT) and outdoor free play (OFP). As these activities are critical to children’s health and well-being, their decline has become a major public health concern. Meanwhile, independent mobility (IM) has emerged as a critical determinant of child development and well-being. Defined as ‘the freedom for children to move about their neighbourhood without adult supervision’, children’s IM is in direct conflict with motornormativity. And yet, very few studies explore these three practices together, and very few public health interventions actively confront motornormativity to support children’s IM. We hypothesise that IM is foundational to AT and OFP, and that efforts to increase AT and OFP are doomed to fail without a deep understanding of the barriers to children’s IM. We conclude with ideas to study and support children’s IM in public health research and practice.
Study of persistency of lactation and survival of Iranian Holstein dairy cattle using random regression model
Authors: Ashrafian Ali , Kashan Nasser Emam Jomeh , Abbasi Mokhtar Ali , Sadeghi Ali Asghar , Rokouei Mohammad
Published: August 2023

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether characteristics of the first lactation (FL) curve of Iranian Holstein cows are associated with survival. Cows with least 10 test-days of milk production in their FL were used. The persistency of lactation (PL) and survival were estimated using a random regression model by restricted maximum likelihood with the ECHIDDNA software. We also used the Wood model to parameterize each individual lactation curve and then analyzed various curve characteristics using an animal model. The predicted breeding value (EBV) of the characteristics of the lactation curve of the cows from day 40 to 305 was predicted. The EBV of the production range (PR) and the slope of line in increasing phase ( m40,Peak) of production curve of sires with higher survival EBV were lower than other sires ( P < 0.05). The estimates of PL were independent of survival estimate. Therefore, the PR from 40th day after calving can be considered as a definition of PL because the lower the PR, the flatter is the milk production curve. Genetic evaluation of young bulls for survival needs the data of death or culling of their daughters. Therefore, the bulls can genetically be evaluated for survival according to the PL and m40,Peak of FL information of their daughters.
The effect of climate change combined with clogged joints on bridge integrity in Canada
Authors: Nassar Musab , Amleh Lamya
Published: August 2023

This study examines the impact of climate change combined with clogged expansion joints on the integrity of four typical I- and box-girder bridges in Canada. The investigation considers 10 different climate regions across the country. The results reveal that the accumulation of debris, including compacted ice in expansion joints, poses a significant threat to bridge structures. Winnipeg and Saskatoon are identified as the most vulnerable regions to projected temperature changes with restricted movement, while Vancouver shows the lowest susceptibility. The study recommends classifying climate regions based on their vulnerability to climate change to facilitate resource allocation for bridge maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement. Furthermore, a formula is introduced to assess and prioritize critical bridges in Canada’s extensive inventory, offering a systematic and objective approach to efficient resource allocation for bridge maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation.
Year-round monitoring of Arctic species of sculpin to identify residency and seasonality of movement behavior
Authors: Hermann Nathan T. , Hammer Lars J. , Hussey Nigel E. , Marcoux Marianne , Hedges Kevin J. , Walter Ryan P. , Furey Nathan B.
Published: August 2023

Environments change across space and time, often requiring organisms to exhibit behavioral responses. In the Arctic, migratory consumers are motivated by spring resources to follow receding ice; however, resident species’ responses to this ephemeral productivity are less well understood. We characterized the movement behaviors of relatively sedentary Arctic species of sculpin ( Myoxocephalus spp.) in Tremblay Sound, Nunavut, Canada. Movements of individuals ( n = 60) captured during the ice-free periods of 2017–2019 were monitored year-round via an array of acoustic telemetry receivers ( n = 37). Telemetry data confirmed year-round residency within the Sound, yet sculpins were consistently more active and wider ranging during the ice-free period versus the ice-covered winters. Sequence analysis revealed distinct patterns of activity differentiated primarily by regional associations. Together, these results indicate sculpins are highly sedentary, but move more during the ice-free season, suggesting the importance of the seasonal productivity pulse to these fishes. As resident species are adapted to exploit the conditions within their local environment, sculpins provide valuable indicator species to monitor coastal and benthic Arctic ecosystems that are experiencing rapid change.
Extreme enrichment of arsenic and antimony during alteration of serpentinized peridotites to form listvenite-like dolomite–quartz rocks and Ni–Cr-rich jasper and quartzites in the Highland Border Complex of Scotland
Authors: Austrheim Håkon , Andersen Torgeir B.
Published: August 2023

Alteration of serpentinized peridotites of the Highland Border Complex in Scotland took place in two steps. Listvenite-like dolomite–quartz rocks formed by addition of CaO, Sr and CO
2
at constant MgO and SiO
2
involving a mass increase of
c.
140%. Stage two involved the dissolution of dolomite, evinced by the abundant pores and rhombohedral grains of quartz, to form Cr- and Ni-rich jasper and quartzites. Formation of the jasper–quartzites involves a mass reduction of
c.
80%. The listvenite-like and jasper–quartzite rocks show enrichment in the fluid-mobile elements Ba, Sr, Cs, As and Sb. The As is present in the Aluminium–Phosphate–Sulfate group of minerals formed during alteration of Cr-spinel. Cr-spinel also alters to porous hematite and ferrihydrite with patches containing up to 5.5 wt% As
2
O
3
. Enrichment of As, related to alteration of chromite, is previously unknown from natural rocks, but strongly resembles efficient methods used for remediation of this toxic element. Formation of quartzite and jasper from peridotite and their common presence as pebbles in the Devonian Old Red conglomerates, the Highland Border Complex and Devonian basins in the Scandinavian Caledonides highlight their importance and potential for provenance and tectonostratigraphic correlations.

Supplementary material:
Supplementary data tables are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6764598

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Ophiolites, melanges and blueschists collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/ophiolites-melanges-and-blueschists
Four Strategies to Foster Effective Online Teaching within a Standardized Curriculum
Authors: Santelli Beverly , Stewart Kendra , Mandernach Jean
Published: August 2023

In a standardized curriculum, it is essential to design courses that maximize the unique qualities of each instructor while maintaining curricular consistency. By adopting a collaborative approach to course development, integrating technology intentionally, creating opportunities for instructor personalization, and supporting instructional growth, educators can ensure the benefits of unique instructor differences are utilized, resulting in an enriched online learning environment.
Repeated seizures lead to progressive ventilatory dysfunction in SSKcnj16−/− rats
Authors: Manis Anna D. , Cook-Snyder Denise R. , Duffy Erin , Osmani Wasif A. , Eilbes Melissa , Dillard Matthew , Palygin Oleg , Staruschenko Alexander , Hodges Matthew R.
Published: August 2023

This study demonstrated that repeated seizures in a novel rat model (SS Kcnj16−/− rats) caused a progressively greater ventilatory dysfunction in the immediate postictal period associated with brainstem serotonin (5-HT) suppression. Augmenting brain 5-HT with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor prevented the progressive ventilatory dysfunction induced by repeated seizures but failed to prevent seizure-related mortality, suggesting that repeated seizures may lead to cardiorespiratory suppression and failure through multiple mechanisms.
Cancer Patients’ Experience of a Patient-Safe Pathway Is Associated with Health Literacy and Support from Relatives: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Sørensen Maria Leonora Birk , Rønfeldt Lotte Linnemann , Nørgaard Birgitte
Published: August 2023

Introduction. The aim was to assess the impact of cancer patients’ health literacy (HL) on their experience of patient safety. Furthermore, we investigated whether support from relatives affected cancer patients’ experiences of patient safety. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using questionnaire data from the Danish National Cancer Patient Survey 2017 among Danish cancer patients (n = 5,389) and sociodemographic characteristic data from national registries. Results. A low level of HL is associated with increased patient safety errors among cancer patients regarding patient-reported adverse events and an experience of inadequate information. Results also showed increased odds of patient safety risks among patients with no support from relatives. Conclusion. Having a low level of HL or no support from relatives has a negative impact on patient safety. Focusing on improvements related to cancer patients’ HL and supportive network may increase patients experiencing a high quality and safe health care system and reduce inequalities and inequity in the cancer pathway.
Pneumomediastinum after Third Molar Extraction: Case Report, Physiopathology, and Literature Review
Authors: Peters Mélissa , Shall Firas , Evrard Laurence
Published: August 2023

Wisdom tooth extraction is a common procedure in dentistry and stomatology. Subcutaneous emphysema is a rare postoperative complication and commonly remains localized. However, it may spread to the mediastinum, endangering the life of the patient. This present paper presents a case study of pneumomediastinum after wisdom tooth extraction without the use of a compressed air turbine and reviews the cases of subcutaneous emphysema after third molar extraction published in the literature since 2010. The aim of this work is to inform preventive measures, pathophysiological processes, and management related to this complication.
Data from A Phase 1b trial of AVID200, a TGFβ 1/3 trap, in patients with myelofibrosis
Authors: Mascarenhas John , Migliaccio Anna Rita , Kosiorek Heidi , Bhave Rupali , Palmer Jeanne , Kuykendall Andrew , Mesa Ruben , Rampal Raajit K. , Gerds Aaron T. , Yacoub Abdulraheem , Pettit Kristen , Talpaz Moshe , Komrokji Rami , Kremyanskaya Marina , Gonzalez Agapito , Fabris Frank , Johnson Kathryn , Dougherty Mikaela , McGovern Erin , Arango Ossa Juan , Domenico Dylan , Farnoud Noushin , Weinberg Rona Singer. , Kong Amy , Najfeld Vesna , Vannucchi Alessandro Maria. , Arciprete Francesca , Zingariello Maria , Falchi Mario , Salama Mohamed E. , Mead-Harvey Carolyn , Dueck Amylou , Varricchio Lilian , Hoffman Ronald
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Myelofibrosis (MF) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by systemic symptoms, cytopenias, organomegaly, and bone marrow fibrosis. JAK2 inhibitors afford symptom and spleen burden reduction but do not alter the disease course and frequently lead to thrombocytopenia. TGF-β, a pleiotropic cytokine elaborated by the MF clone, negatively regulates normal hematopoiesis, down-regulates anti-tumor immunity, and promotes bone marrow fibrosis. Our group previously showed that AVID200, a potent and selective TGF-β 1/3 trap, reduced TGF-β1 induced proliferation of human mesenchymal stromal cells, phosphorylation of SMAD2, and collagen expression. Moreover, treatment of MF mononuclear cells with AVID200 led to increased numbers of progenitor cells (PCs) with wild-type JAK2 rather than JAK2V617F. Methods and Patients: We conducted an investigator-initiated, multicenter, phase 1b trial of AVID200 monotherapy in 21 advanced MF patients. Results: No dose limiting toxicity was identified at the three dose levels tested and grade 3/4 anemia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 28.6% and 19.0% of treated patients, respectively. After six cycles of therapy, two patients attained a clinical benefit by IWG-MRT criteria. Spleen and symptom benefits were observed across treatment cycles. Unlike other MF directed therapies, increases in platelet counts were noted in 81% of treated patients with three patients achieving normalization. Treatment with AVID200 resulted in potent suppression of plasma TGF-β1 levels, and pSMAD2 in MF cells. Conclusions: AVID200 is a well-tolerated, rational, therapeutic agent for the treatment of MF patients and should be evaluated further in thrombocytopenic MF patients in combination with agents that target aberrant MF intracellular signaling pathways.
CD4+ TIL to the Rescue of Anti–PD-1 Failure by Targeting MHC-II
Authors: Betof Warner Allison , Luke Jason J.
Published: August 2023

In this CCR Translations, we discuss the potential for tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy to overcome immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance through CD4+-mediated and MHC-II–dependent killing. Validating these results from human tumors has potential to improve the clinical application of adoptive cellular transfer in advanced cancers.

See related article by Draghi et al., p. 3937
Supplementary Figure 5 from Granulocyte–Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Influence on Soluble and Membrane-Bound ICOS in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Li Jingjing , Zheng Yue , Lee Sandra J. , Zhou Jun , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Butterfield Lisa H. , Dranoff Glenn , Hodi F. Stephen
Published: August 2023

Supplementary figure 5
Supplementary Figure 3 from Granulocyte–Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Influence on Soluble and Membrane-Bound ICOS in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Li Jingjing , Zheng Yue , Lee Sandra J. , Zhou Jun , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Butterfield Lisa H. , Dranoff Glenn , Hodi F. Stephen
Published: August 2023

Supplementary figure 3
Supplementary Figures from Systemic Alterations in Type-2 Conventional Dendritic Cells Lead to Impaired Tumor Immunity in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: James C. Alston , Baer John M. , Zou Chong , Panni Usman Y. , Knolhoff Brett L. , Hogg Graham D. , Kingston Natalie L. , Kang Liang-I. , Lander Varintra E. , Luo Jingqin , Tao Yu , Watson Mark A. , Aft Rebecca , Fields Ryan C. , Hawkins William G. , DeNardo David G.
Published: August 2023

Supplemental Figures and Legends
Supplementary Figures from Small Gene Networks Delineate Immune Cell States and Characterize Immunotherapy Response in Melanoma
Authors: Egan Donagh , Kreileder Martina , Nabhan Myriam , Iglesias-Martinez Luis F. , Dovedi Simon J. , Valge-Archer Viia , Grover Amit , Wilkinson Robert W. , Slidel Timothy , Bendtsen Claus , Barrett Ian P. , Brennan Donal J. , Kolch Walter , Zhernovkov Vadim
Published: August 2023

Supplementary Figures S1 and S2
Supplemental Table S4 from Tusamitamab ravtansine in patients with advanced solid tumors: Phase 1 study of safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity using alternative dosing regimens
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Bedard Philippe L. , Bang Yung-Jue , Vieito Maria , Ryu Min-Hee , Fagniez Nathalie , Chadjaa Mustapha , Soufflet Christine , Masson Nina , Gazzah Anas
Published: August 2023

Plasma pharmacokinetics of tusamitamab ravtansine (cohort Q2W-LD)
Supplemental Table S3 from Tusamitamab ravtansine in patients with advanced solid tumors: Phase 1 study of safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity using alternative dosing regimens
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Bedard Philippe L. , Bang Yung-Jue , Vieito Maria , Ryu Min-Hee , Fagniez Nathalie , Chadjaa Mustapha , Soufflet Christine , Masson Nina , Gazzah Anas
Published: August 2023

Intensity of treatment
Supplemental Figure S2 from Tusamitamab ravtansine in patients with advanced solid tumors: Phase 1 study of safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity using alternative dosing regimens
Authors: Tabernero Josep , Bedard Philippe L. , Bang Yung-Jue , Vieito Maria , Ryu Min-Hee , Fagniez Nathalie , Chadjaa Mustapha , Soufflet Christine , Masson Nina , Gazzah Anas
Published: August 2023

Tusamitamab ravtansine area under the curve by dose level
Data from A Survey of Cancer Risk Behaviors, Beliefs, and Social Drivers of Health in New Hampshire and Vermont
Authors: Skipper Thomas A , Weiss Julie E , Carlos Heather A , Gunn Christine M , Hasson Rian M , Peacock Janet L , Schiffelbein Jenna E , Tosteson Anna N.A. , Lansigan Frederick , Rees Judy R
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Compared to urban areas, rural areas have higher cancer mortality and have experienced substantially smaller declines in cancer incidence in recent years. In a New Hampshire (NH) and Vermont (VT) survey, we explored the roles of rurality and educational attainment on cancer risk behaviors, beliefs, and other social drivers of health.
In February–March 2022, two survey panels in NH and VT were sent an online questionnaire. Responses were analyzed by rurality and educational attainment.
Respondents (N=1,717, 22%) mostly lived in rural areas (55%); 45% of rural and 25% of urban residents had high school education or less and this difference was statistically significant. After adjustment for rurality, lower educational attainment was associated with smoking, difficulty paying for basic necessities, greater financial difficulty during the COVID-19 pandemic, struggling to pay for gas (p<0.01), fatalistic attitudes towards cancer prevention, and susceptibility to information overload about cancer prevention. Among the 33% of respondents who delayed getting medical care in the past year, this was more often due to lack of transportation in those with lower educational attainment (21% vs. 3%, p=0.02 adjusted for rurality) and more often due to concerns about catching COVID-19 among urban than rural residents (52% vs. 21%; p<0.001 adjusted for education).
In NH/VT, smoking, financial hardship, and beliefs about cancer prevention are independently associated with lower educational attainment but not rural residence.
REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND HEAVY METALS ASSOCIATED WITH SWINE WASTEWATER USING AQUATIC MACROPHYTES
Authors: Nguyen Chung Tan , Nguyen Ha Van
Published: August 2023

Wastes from breeding farms have globally increased greenhouse gases and caused a serious pollution to aquatic environments. Biogas treatment polymer bags could significantly reduce organic compounds; however, they could not effectively treat other pollutants in animal wastewater. The objective of this study was to assess removal efficiency of salinity and pollutants associated with pig wastewater using aquatic macrophytes. Four macrophytes namely Acrotichum aureum, Eleocharis dulcis, Typha domengensis, and Limnophyton obtusifolium and a soil control without vegetation were randomly assigned into fifteen mesocosms (1.2 x 0.7 x 0.6m) with 3 replicates for each treatment. Pig wastewater was filled continuously into input chambers of mesocosms in every three day with 5 liters. Water samples were collected from output chambers with 60 and 120 days after treatment while soil and vegetation samples were collected at the beginning and the end of the experiment. The results showed that E. dulcis, T. domengensis, and L. obtusifolium were dominant in removal of N, P, Cu and Zn and suspended solids as well; E. dulcis and T. domengensis significantly increased the dissolved oxygen; whereas the treatment ofL. obtusifolium species showed the best efficiency in salt-ion removal. Pollutants of N, P, Cu and Zn tend to accumulate more in the macrophyte roots than in their leaves. Accumulation of N, P, Cu and Zn in theL. obtusifolium’s biomass is the highest compared with other treatments. From findings, it is suggested that a combination of three aquatic macrophytes including E. dulcis, T. domengensis, and L. obtusifolium could establish a constructed wetland system to directly treat pollutants of livestock wastewaters
ELASTICITY ANALYSIS OF THE GRAZING AND DETRITAL PATHWAYS IN A SHALLOW PHILIPPINE SEAGRASS MEADOW
Authors: Clores Michael
Published: August 2023

Ecotrophic efficiency (EE) is an estimate of the proportion of production that is utilized by the next trophic level through direct predation or fishing or exported out of the ecosystem. In seagrass systems, analysis of EE provides crucial information on how biomass, when used or lost in biological functioning, affects the higher trophic levels via death or grazing relative to the energy lost via decomposition (i.e., Flow to the detritus, FTD) and exports to another ecosystem (i.e., Sum of all exports, SAE). In this study, projections on the effect of change in the EE of functional groups in seagrass systems due to the alteration of biomass were established heuristically using Elasticity Analysis. Using a previously constructed Ecopath model for a shallow Philippine seagrass meadow, the simulations of altering the biomass of seagrasses and their grazers were done to determine the change in EE, FTD, and SAE, thereby generating information on the dynamics of the grazing and detrital pathways in the seagrass ecosystem. Results showed the effects of biomass increase and decrease of grazers (herbivorous gastropods, Tripneustes gratilla, and polychaetes). If the grazers’ biomass increases, their EE tends to decrease, and biomass accumulation tends to increase. This implies that a fraction of their production used in the system is reduced even if their predators' density and feeding rate are still constant. In addition, the EE of seagrasses tends to increase, leading to a decrease in biomass accumulation at the primary producers’ trophic level. Lastly, the EE of detritus decreased because the FTD and SAE of its major contributors (the seagrasses) had also decreased. The findings contribute to the ongoing analysis of the role of herbivores versus detritivores in the energetics of seagrass habitats.