bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Inventory Audit Procedures in the Community Health Center: The Case Study of a Public Accounting Firm in Central Java Province
Authors: Rahmawati Amalia Nur , Suhendi Chrisna
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study is to meticulously explain the Central Java Province Health Center's inventory account audit methods and the crucial conclusions reached by the Wahyu Setyaningsih Public Accounting Firm. To ensure the existence and completeness of a community health center, and to identify any disparities or inadequacies between the balances in the current financial statements and the real inventory, an inventory audit must be conducted. This study's primary and secondary data are documentation, literature, and interviews. A thorough analysis of the data from the public accounting firm observations will be conducted to understand what transpired. The Firm, known for its adherence to procedural rules for expert auditing and conducting audit procedures in compliance with the professional accountant standards established by the Indonesian Institute of Public Accountants, has provided reliable findings and interviews. When inspecting a health center's financial report, the audit company frequently discovered nearly identical results from many audited health centers, such as improperly managed storage warehouses for inventories and manual inventory recording that differed from computerized recording programs. After the term, warehouse staff wrote out or zeroed out consumables. The management letter, including the crucial findings, will be delivered to the customer, who will then decide whether or not to fix any issues that are currently present.
On Emotional Exhaustion, Job Satisfaction, and Job Performance of Indonesian Elementary School Teachers
Authors: Werang Basilius Redan , Rati Ni Wayan , Leba Seli Marlina Radja , Asaloei Sandra Ingried , Imbang Djeinnie
Published: April 2024

This study was intended to describe the prospective correlation between emotional exhaustion and both job satisfaction and the performance of teachers.  We utilized three survey questionnaires to collect data. Research data were derived from a total number of 157 teachers working in the Catholic elementary schools of Southern Papua Province, Indonesia, who have conveniently been established as samples. Research data were statistically analyzed using a simple linear regression analysis technique by employing the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Results of statistical analysis showed that the job satisfaction and performance of teachers working in the Catholic elementary schools of Southern Papua Province are significantly negatively related to their emotional exhaustion. These findings underscore the critical need for interventions addressing emotional well-being within the teaching profession, emphasizing the urgency for supportive structures, workload management, and tailored training to mitigate emotional exhaustion's detrimental effects on teachers' satisfaction and performance, ultimately aiming for a healthier and more effective educational environment.
The Importance of Homework for Students in Primary Schools
Authors: Rahmani Leutresa Avni , Rexhepi Burhan Reshat , Rexhepi Flutura Gagica
Published: April 2024

The school is a significant social and pedagogical institution that aims to educate and cultivate the cultural development of a community. Changes in European dimensions influence the fields of education and training. The process of learning and engaging in various social activities achieves educational objectives. The teacher alone cannot improve the quality level. Commitment to additional responsibilities, such as homework, is crucial for achieving quality and success in this subject. Homework, in its fundamental forms, is an essential component of the overall educational experience for children in school. Completing homework is essential for attaining optimal achievement in school and ensuring the child's progression. The pervasive disregard for the significance of homework among the majority of young individuals has a lasting impact on both their immediate and long-term prospects. The combination of diligent commitment to homework and effective collaboration between parents and teachers ensures a favorable outcome and provides a secure foundation for the student's future. Parents refrain from completing homework assignments themselves; instead, they provide assistance to the student, as the latter may struggle with effectively presenting their work. According to several university instructors, students experience an excessive amount of homework due to the fact that some children start school at a younger age and may not perform as well as students who start school at the appropriate time or later. For certain kids, homework holds little significance, and their level of achievement is unsatisfactory. Consequently, they employ individualized approaches to enhance their learning progress. Our research aims to provide future recommendations regarding the importance of homework and improving the quality of primary education in the Municipality of Gjilan and its adjacent areas. We will engage in a discussion with teachers, parents, and students regarding the relative significance of homework at the primary and secondary levels, its benefits and drawbacks, and the underlying assumptions about the feasibility of its proper execution. This study aims to highlight the significance of previous research on homework and provide its own unique contribution to the advancement of the pedagogical sector through scientific literature.
Mentorship: A Panacea for Success
Authors: Mboto Walter A. , Enamhe Dorn Cklaimz , Akah Pius E. , Bukie Fidelis B. , Ede Victor Itita , Eyang Brian Obue , Abonor Lazarus Bassey , Elemi Ogar Legbel , Ushie Christiana , Upeh Ugal Blessing , Mboto Helen Walter , Akah Jessica P. , Uba Uba James , Okang Owui Hycenth
Published: April 2024

This paper is an attempt to show-case the potency of mentorship in the attainment of success by an individual, group of individuals, or society. It tries to argue that success is a universal value which path to attainment begins with the individual. It argues that the individual’s will and passion serve as a driving force for the attainment of success. Such a force, though self-inspired, is activated by the instant environment through socialization, schooling, and mentorship. Its beliefs that, though schooling maybe a potent factor in skills acquisition, mentorship tend to be a more potent and viable route to achieving success, as it combines the goal of transferring skills with the development or arousal of a passionate desire zeal and willingness through, instilling a positive self-worth and attitude in the mentee. The paper believes that, as important as mentorship is, it is limited in its bid to achieving success all by itself. Success as a value, though universal, varies in its measures. To succeed in life therefore, requires a combination of multivariate factors one of which is mentorship.
Facebook in Pedagogy: Insights from Preservice Teachers
Authors: Husin Mohd Zulfadli Mat , Ali Zuraina , Abdul Rahim Nur Farah Asmaq , Ali Imanat , Mukhtar Hafsa , Younus Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Many have used Facebook to stay connected with family, relatives, and friends. It is also used to share and exchange information. Nevertheless, the platform can be used for teaching as well. The study, therefore, investigates its use among preservice teachers in terms of assisting them in their teaching. Also, the study attempts to identify how the platform enhances teaching. Finally, it identifies the factors that impede them from using the teaching platform. In terms of methodology, the study employed qualitative research, namely exploratory research design employing 36 teachers as the samples. The study's findings produced three (3) major themes and ten (10) sub-themes following the research questions formulated. The study implied that Facebook is a potential platform teacher can use, although some were reluctant to use it. Teachers who are in the latter group believe that Facebook is a distraction. Therefore, they rejected its use to prevent their students from deviating when the platform is used in learning.
The Moral Obligation Toward Adopt Halal Practices
Authors: Hamid Azizi , Hirnissa M. T. , Gani Norhaninah A.
Published: April 2024

The halal industry presents significant growth potential, extending beyond mere religious fulfilment for Muslims to encompass a broader lifestyle choice for non-Muslims. In response, JAKIM has established the Malaysian Halal Certification Standard for micro-enterprises to ensure compliance with Islamic guidelines for products and services. Adhering to halal standards enhances competitiveness and facilitates entry into global markets for micro-enterprises. However, recent issues involving illegal meat cartels and halal logo adulteration have tarnished Malaysia's reputation as a global halal leader. Therefore, fostering a sense of moral obligation among micro-enterprises is imperative to encourage the adoption of halal practices. This study seeks to validate the role of moral obligation in shaping micro-enterprises' behaviour towards halal adoption. Results from the SEM-PLS analysis of 361 micro-enterprises indicate that moral obligation significantly influences the intention to adopt halal practices. Micro-enterprises, particularly food producers, must voluntarily adhere to specific guidelines set by regulatory authorities to ensure compliance with Sharia requirements and uphold standards of cleanliness and safety in product delivery. Promoting moral obligation within halal practices is indispensable for the sustainable growth and success of micro-enterprises in the halal industry.
Akut Kolesistitte Cerrahi Zamanlamanın Önemi ve Postoperatif İntravenöz Tramadol Tüketimi
Authors: Aydın Feray , Doğan Paşa , Aslan Bilge
Published: April 2024

Amaç: Laparoskopik kolesistektomi (LC) akut kolesistit için standart tedavi olmasına rağmen, optimal zamanlaması halen tartışmalıdır. Bu çalışmada amacımız acil kolesistektominin ameliyat sonuçları ile tekrarlayan akut kolesistit ile başvuran hastalara uygulanan elektif kolesistektomi vakalarını karşılaştırarak uygun kolesistektomi zamanını belirlemektir.
Yöntem: 1 Ocak 2021 – 1 Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasında kolesistektomi planlanan 200 hastanın verileri kullanılrak yapıldı. Bekleme sürecinde tekrarlayan kolesistit atakları ile hastanemize başvuran tüm olgular retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların demografik verileri, hastalığın evresi, ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası hastanede kalış süresi, ameliyat süresi, açık ameliyat oranı, dren kullanımı, içi boş organ yaralanması, safra yolu yaralanması, kanama, yara enfeksiyonu, ameliyat sonrası kolleksiyon toplanma ve ölüm oranları analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Tekrarlayan kolesistit ile başvuran 200 hastanın 80’ nine (%40) acil LC (grup 1), 120 hastaya (%60) elektif LC (grup 2) uygulandı. Ameliyat öncesi hastanede kalış süresi grup 2'de anlamlı olarak daha uzun bulundu ve ortalama cerrahi süresi grup 1'de anlamlı olarak daha uzundu (sırasıyla p=0,001 ve p=0,035). Mide veya bağırsak yaralanması, safra yolu yaralanması, yara enfeksiyonu ve mortalite oranında gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktu. Açık cerrahi ve postoperatif kolleksiyon toplanma oranları her iki grup arasında karşılaştırıldı ve iki grup arasında fark saptanamadı (p>0,05). Kronik kolesistitte postoperatif intravenöz (i.v) tramadol kullanımı daha fazla bulunmuşdur (p
Radyasyon Onkoloji Servisinde Yatan Hastaların Beslenme Durumunun Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Durmaz Himmet , Yılmaz Tugba , Kanyılmaz Gül , Aktan Meryem , Benli Yavuz Berrin
Published: April 2024

Amaç
Radyasyon onkoloji servisinde yatan kanser hastalarının beslenme durumları net değildir. Kanser hastaları üzerinde yapılan bu kesitsel çalışma, bu hasta grubundaki malnütrisyon riskinin yaygınlığını araştırmayı amaçladı.
Yöntem
Aralık 2018 ile Ocak 2022 tarihleri arasında radyasyon onkolojisi servisinde radyoterapi gören 373 hastayı retrospektif olarak araştırdık. Hastaların demografik bilgileri, NRS-2002 skoru, radyoterapiye ilişkin doz ve fraksiyon verileri toplandı.
Sonuç
Hastaların çoğunluğu (%66) erkekti. Küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanseri (KHDAK) en sık görülen birincil tanıydı. Radyoterapinin birincil amacı 210 hastada (%56,3) palyatif radyoterapiydi. Hastaların çoğunluğunun (%46,4) normal BMI aralığında olduğu görüldü. Yatan hasta başvurusunda NRS-2002 skorlamasında hastaların %1,9'unun puanı ≥3 idi.
Tartışma
Araştırmanın sonucu radyasyon onkolojisi yataklı servisinde yetersiz beslenme oranının yüksek olmadığını gösteriyor. Ancak malnütrisyona yönelik sistematik bir taramanın yapılması ve hastaların multidisipliner beslenme ekibiyle desteklenmesi yataklı tedavi hizmetlerinde kanserli hasta bakımının anahtarıdır.
Yara Yeri Enfeksiyonu Tedavisinde Kullanılan Vankomisine Bağlı Gelişen Red Man Sendromu
Authors: Taş Muhammed Alperen , Üney İbrahim , Yıldırım Ali Cihat
Published: April 2024

Vankomisin geniş etki spektrumu olan bir antibiyotik olup yara yeri enfeksiyonunda intravenöz olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Yavaş infüzyon hızında uygulanmadığında vankomisinin aşırı duyarlılık reaksiyonlarından olan red man sendromu ortaya çıkabilir. Bu durum bazı hastalarda basit bir eritematöz döküntü ile seyrederken bazı hastalarda arreste yol açarak mortal seyredebilir. Biz bu olguda yara yeri enfeksiyonu için vankomisin tedavisi alan hastada meydana gelen red man sendromunun yönetimini sunmayı amaçladık.
Investigating the Relationship Between Talent Management Implementation Categories in the Basra Province Education Organization
Authors: Alaa Hafedh Salman Al-Oda , Sadeghi Mehrdad , Al-Murshidi Riyaz Hossein Abais , Sharifi Saeed
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Talent management plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of education and learning, especially within education organizations. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between the categories of talent management implementation in the education organization. Methodology: This research was applied in its objective and descriptive-correlational in its execution. The study population consisted of managers and employees of the Basra province education organization, from which 385 individuals were selected as the sample using Cochran's formula and a convenience sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire on talent management implementation in the education organization, comprising 63 questions. The data obtained from its administration were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and partial least squares regression in SPSS and Smart PLS software. Findings: The findings indicated that the implementation of talent management in the education organization comprised six categories: causal conditions (with two components), contextual conditions (with three components), intervening conditions (with three components), the central phenomenon (with one component), strategies (with two components), and outcomes (with one component). The factor loading of all components was above 0.50 and significant, the content validity ratio above 0.70, and the Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability above 0.80. Moreover, the correlation coefficients of causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, the central phenomenon, strategies, and outcomes were less than 0.45, indicating their distinctiveness. Additionally, considering the indices of communality and redundancy, the talent management implementation model in the education organization fitted well, and the effect of causal, contextual, and intervening conditions on the central phenomenon, the effect of the central phenomenon on strategies, and the effect of strategies on outcomes were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The designed model of talent management implementation in the education organization can assist managers, officials, and education planners in designing programs suitable for implementing talent management within the education organization.
Structural Relationship of Teachers' Interaction Styles Based on Social Adaptability, Psychological Hardiness, and Academic Achievement Motivation with Mental Health Mediation in Eighth Grade Female Students
Authors: Rahmati Fatemeh , Safaei Rad Iraj , KhorramAbadi Yadullah
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The interaction styles of teachers play a significant role in improving both academic and non-academic outcomes for students. Thus, this study aimed to determine the structural relationship of teachers' interaction styles based on social adaptability, psychological hardiness, and academic achievement motivation with mental health mediation in eighth grade female students. Methodology: This study was applied in its objective and cross-sectional in its execution, utilizing a correlational type. The population of this study comprised all eighth-grade female students in the city of Kangavar in the academic year 1401-1402, totaling 2417 students. Based on the Krejcie and Morgan table, 379 of them were selected as the sample through multi-stage cluster random sampling. Data collection tools included questionnaires on teachers' interaction styles, social adaptability, psychological hardiness, academic achievement motivation, and mental health, which were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method in Amos software. Findings: The findings of this study indicated that the variables of social adaptability, psychological hardiness, and academic achievement motivation had a direct and significant effect on mental health, and the variables of social adaptability, psychological hardiness, academic achievement motivation, and mental health had a direct and significant effect on teachers' interaction styles. Moreover, the variables of social adaptability, psychological hardiness, and academic achievement motivation had an indirect and significant effect on teachers' interaction styles through the mediation of mental health (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, to improve interaction styles, it is possible to create conditions for improving the variables of social adaptability, psychological hardiness, academic achievement motivation, and the mental health of students.
Identifying the Dimensions and Components of Good Governance and Organizational Development at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Rezazadeh Taloukolaei Fatemeh , Zameni Farshideh , Enayati Taraneh
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Good governance and organizational development can create a competitive advantage for any organization, including educational institutions. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to identify the dimensions and components of good governance and organizational development at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Methodology: This study was applied in purpose and qualitative in approach. The study population consisted of experts familiar with the research field at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The research sample included 10 managers and professors at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, selected through purposive sampling based on the principle of theoretical saturation. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, the validity of which was confirmed based on confirmability, credibility, and transferability, and reliability was calculated using a Holsti coefficient of 0.76. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis in MAXQDA-2020 software. Findings: The analysis results showed that good governance comprises 20 components across five dimensions: desirable governance, value orientation, capacity building, transparency, and accountability; and organizational development consists of 19 components across three dimensions: non-financial performance, financial performance, and organizational growth. Ultimately, a model of the dimensions and components of good governance and organizational development at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences was developed. Conclusion: Utilizing the model designed in this study can assist professionals and officials at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in improving conditions and creating a competitive advantage.
Limitations of English Language Learning in Universities of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province and Strategies to Overcome Them
Authors: Faramarzi Babadi Safar , Eskandari Asl Heshmat Allah , Dolatyari Forouzan , Alipoor Hamed
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This study aims to identify the limitations of English language learning in universities within the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and to explore effective strategies proposed by students, instructors, and administrators to overcome these challenges. Methodology: Employing a qualitative research design, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 participants, including university students, English language instructors, and academic administrators from the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis to achieve theoretical saturation, revealing key themes and concepts related to the limitations and strategies of English language learning. Findings: The study identified two main themes: "Limitations" and "Strategies." Under "Limitations," five categories emerged: Resource Constraints, Curriculum Issues, Instructor Challenges, Motivational Factors, and Cultural Barriers, each encompassing specific challenges such as inadequate resources, outdated curriculum, instructor proficiency, and motivational and cultural issues. The "Strategies" theme also comprised five categories: Resource Enhancement, Curriculum Development, Instructor Support, Motivation Boosting, and Cultural Integration, suggesting targeted interventions like improving educational resources, updating the curriculum, supporting instructors, enhancing student motivation, and integrating cultural elements into the learning process. Conclusion: The study underscores the multifaceted nature of challenges in English language learning in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, highlighting the need for comprehensive strategies that address resources, curriculum, instructor capabilities, motivational dynamics, and cultural considerations. Effective implementation of these strategies could significantly improve English language education, contributing to better language acquisition and educational outcomes for students in this region and similar contexts.
The Impact of Educational Excellence Model Components on the Development of Human Resources in Zahedan's Education Organization
Authors: Hormozi Moghaddam Farzaneh , Saffarian Hamedani Saeid , Yousefi Saeedabadi Reza
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This article aims to investigate the impact of strategic human resources management (SHRM) on organizational excellence across various sectors. Methodology: This study, aimed at practical application, employs a descriptive-survey research design for information gathering, situating it within the quantitative descriptive-analytical category. The statistical population consists of managers, deputy managers, and employees of the Zahedan Education Organization, totaling 1929 individuals. The sample size was determined to be 320 participants based on the Krejcie and Morgan table, considering the total population number. A stratified random sampling method, organized by educational region, was utilized for selecting the sample. For research question exploration and data analysis, both descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied using the SPSS 23 and Amos software programs. Findings: The SEM analysis demonstrated all paths to be significantly accepted, with p-values ranging from <0.001 to 0.003, indicating strong statistical support for the hypothesized relationships. This evidences a robust model that accurately captures the dynamics and influences within the organization, providing a solid foundation for strategic planning and implementation. Conclusion: Strategic HRM is pivotal in achieving organizational excellence, necessitating a holistic and strategic approach to managing human resources. Organizations that effectively integrate SHRM practices within their strategic planning processes can enhance performance, adaptability, and resilience, achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. Future research should explore the dynamic interactions between SHRM practices and emerging global challenges to further understand HRM's evolving role.
Effectiveness of Critical Thinking Education on Divergent Thinking and Academic Enthusiasm of High School Students
Authors: Mohkam Kar Atefeh , Shaterian Fatemeh , Nikookar Azam
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Enhancing divergent thinking and academic enthusiasm in students can positively affect their academic and non-academic performances. Consequently, the present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of critical thinking education on divergent thinking and the academic enthusiasm of high school students. Methodology: This quasi-experimental study followed a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with experimental and control groups. The research population comprised all female students in the 10th and 11th grades of the academic branch in Saveh city for the 2022-23 academic year, with a sample size calculated as 25 for each group based on G*Power software. Thus, 50 individuals were purposively selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of 75-minute critical thinking training, while the control group received no intervention during this period. The research instruments included the divergent thinking subscale in Kolb’s (1984) Learning Style Inventory and Schaufeli et al.’s (2002) Academic Enthusiasm Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests in SPSS software. Findings: The results showed significant differences between the experimental and control groups in post-test and follow-up stages in terms of divergent thinking and academic enthusiasm. In other words, critical thinking education led to an increase in divergent thinking and academic enthusiasm among high school students, and the results were sustained at the follow-up stage (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, counselors and psychologists can use critical thinking education alongside other effective educational methods to improve academic and non-academic characteristics of students.
Designing a Superior Service Delivery Model in Education to Enhance Public Satisfaction
Authors: Golabchi Hamidreza , Kiaee Mojtaba , Kameli Mohammad Javad
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The education system plays a crucial role in the growth and progress of any society and, as one of the main institutions developing intellectual capital and specialized human resources, it holds a sensitive responsibility in achieving sustainable development. Therefore, it should focus on improving the quality of its service delivery to meet people's expectations and increase their satisfaction. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to design a superior service delivery model in the field of education to enhance public satisfaction. Methodology: This research is applied in purpose, exploratory in nature due to its qualitative research approach, and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection and implementation. In the first phase, the population consisted of scientific documents and records, from which 38 studies were selected as the research sample based on inclusion criteria and purposive sampling method. In the second phase, academic and organizational experts were chosen based on the principle of theoretical saturation and purposive sampling technique, totaling 16 individuals. The data collection tool in the first phase was a systematic review of scientific documents and records through meta-synthesis, and in the second phase, semi-structured interviews with experts through thematic analysis. Validity through the CASP tool and reliability through Cohen's kappa coefficient were obtained at 0.56. The validity and reliability of the interview tool were also examined based on criteria of accuracy, credibility, dependability, transferability, and confirmability, which were ultimately confirmed. Finally, the data were analyzed using thematic analysis in MAXQDA software. Findings: The findings of this research identified 69 indicators, 13 components, and 3 dimensions for superior service delivery in the field of education to enhance public satisfaction. The dimensions of superior service delivery included: quality of educational services (with 9 components: tangibles, accountability, assurance, empathy, courtesy, dynamism, diversity, citizen-centricity, and monitoring and control), productivity of educational services (with 2 components: service efficiency and effectiveness), and intelligence of educational services (with 2 components: digitalization and the use of modern technologies). Ultimately, considering these dimensions, components, and identified indicators, the final model of the study was presented, which was found to be of suitable validity. Conclusion: Considering the results obtained from the current study, it is possible to create conditions for the realization of superior service delivery in the field of education to enhance the level of public satisfaction.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Instructional Mental Imagery and Tolerance of Ambiguity Training on Students' Academic Procrastination
Authors: Mahvash Maryam , Yamini Mohammad , Mahdian Hossein
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Academic procrastination detrimentally affects students' other academic performances. Consequently, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of instructional mental imagery and tolerance of ambiguity training on students' academic procrastination. Methodology: This quasi-experimental research involved two experimental groups and one control group, with a pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up design. The study population consisted of all female twelfth-grade students in both public and private schools in Bojnurd during the 2023-2024 academic year. The sample included 45 students selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned into three equal groups (each group containing 15 students). The first experimental group underwent twelve 90-minute sessions of instructional mental imagery training, and the second experimental group received nine 90-minute sessions of tolerance of ambiguity training based on the cognitive-behavioral approach, while the control group received no training. Data were collected using the Solomon and Rothblum (1984) Academic Procrastination Questionnaire and analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test in SPSS-25. Findings: The findings indicated significant differences between groups in terms of reducing students' academic procrastination. Both the instructional mental imagery and tolerance of ambiguity training methods significantly reduced academic procrastination in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference between the instructional mental imagery and tolerance of ambiguity training methods in reducing students' academic procrastination (P>0.05). Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of both instructional mental imagery and tolerance of ambiguity training methods in reducing students' academic procrastination, school counselors and psychologists can utilize these methods alongside other educational approaches to reduce academic procrastination.
Analysis of the Lived Experience of Teachers' Violence towards Afghan Students in Primary Schools
Authors: Atri Reza , ShafiZadeh Hamid , Soleimani Nader
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Immigration always faces challenges and one of the can be investigated challenges in this field is violence towards immigrants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analysis the lived experience of teachers' violence towards Afghan students in primary schools. Methodology: The present study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from type of qualitative. The research population was of Afghan elementary school students who had experienced of violence from teachers and principals of elementary schools, which 20 students and 10 principals were selected as samples through purposive sampling method. The research tool was a semi-structured and in-depth interview based on researcher-made questions, and the validity of the interviews was confirmed by the triangulation method and its reliability was obtained by the agreement coefficient method between two coders at 0.79. The data of the present study were analyzed by the coding method in MAXQDA-Pro software. Findings: The findings of this study indicated that the types of teachers' violence have 17 concepts in 3 components of verbal violence (6 concepts), behavioral violence (6 concepts) and physical violence (5 concepts), the effects of teachers' violence have 22 concepts in 4 components of mental (9 concept), academic (4 concepts), physical (3 concepts) and social (6 concepts) and control strategies of teachers' violence have 19 concepts in 5 components of educational (5 concepts), employment (3 concepts), planning (5 concepts), disciplinary (3 concepts) and cultural (3 concepts). Also, the pattern of types of teachers' violence, effects of teachers' violence and control strategies of teachers' violence were designed. Conclusion: According to the results, it is recommended to the education managers to use the control strategies of teachers' violence in order to reduce the types of teachers' violence and its effects.
Explaining the Managerial Position of Women in National and International Sports Levels
Authors: Shakerifard Nasrin , Sajjadi Hezaveh Seyed Hamid , Ashraf Ganjooei Farideh
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The status and position of women in the management system face numerous challenges and problems. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the objective of explaining the managerial position of women in sports assemblies at the national and international levels. Methodology: This study was applied in terms of its objective and mixed (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of its implementation method. The population in the qualitative part consisted of sports experts, professors, and high-ranking sports managers, from whom 16 individuals were selected as the sample through purposive sampling based on the principle of theoretical saturation. The population in the quantitative part included sports experts, athletes, professors, and high-ranking sports managers, from whom 141 individuals were selected as the sample through random sampling based on the Cochran's formula. The research tools were semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part and researcher-made questionnaires in the quantitative part, the psychometric indices of which were confirmed. Data were analyzed using coding methods and exploratory factor analysis. Findings: The findings from the qualitative part revealed that the managerial position of women in sports assemblies at the national and international levels encompasses 54 concepts in 27 subcategories and 10 categories, including identity formation in managerial spaces, division of labor capability, overcoming gendered spaces, effective control, program orientation, field management and leadership, social support for women's management, management practice, organizational efficiency, networks, and communication skills. Moreover, the quantitative findings indicated that all 27 observed variables had a positive standardized factor loading and a critical ratio greater than 1.96 with each of the 10 latent constructs, thus confirming their validity, and their reliability was calculated to be higher than 0.70 using Cronbach's alpha. In addition, the model of women's managerial position in sports assemblies at the national and international levels fitted well, having a direct and significant effect on all 10 constructs of identity formation in managerial spaces, division of labor capability, overcoming gendered spaces, effective control, program orientation, field management and leadership, social support for women's management, management practice, organizational efficiency, networks, and communication skills (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, to improve the managerial position of women in sports assemblies at the national and international levels, it is possible to create conditions for the realization of the identified subcategories and categories.
Presenting a Pattern of Flexible working Hours in Government Organizations with an Emphasis on Increasing the Productivity Level of Academic Employees in the Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare
Authors: Emami Dariush , Ahmadi Masoud , Ghaffari Rahman
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Flexible working hours can impact employee productivity. Therefore, the current research aimed to present a model for flexible working hours in public organizations, emphasizing increasing the productivity level of knowledge workers. Methodology: The present study was applied in objective and mixed-method (qualitative and quantitative) in execution. The qualitative study population included all academic and organizational experts familiar with the research domain, with a sample size of 25 determined based on theoretical saturation principle and selected through purposive sampling. The quantitative study population comprised all staff members of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare, with a sample size of 205 determined by Cochran's formula and selected through simple random sampling. Data for qualitative and quantitative sections were collected respectively using interviews and researcher-made questionnaires and analyzed with thematic analysis and exploratory factor analysis methods in Maxqda and Smart-PLS software, respectively. Findings: Qualitative findings revealed that flexible working hours encompassed 15 sub-themes in 3 main themes: floating work hours, floating work location, and collaborative work; and employee productivity comprised 20 sub-themes in 3 main themes: self-management, self-control, and self-organization. Quantitative findings indicated that all themes of flexible working hours and employee productivity had a factor loading and extracted variance mean higher than 0.50 and Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability higher than 0.80. Other findings showed that the themes of floating work hours, floating work location, and collaborative work had a direct and significant effect on flexible working hours, and the themes of self-management, self-control, and self-organization had a direct and significant effect on employee productivity, and flexible working hours had a direct and significant effect on employee productivity (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that flexible working hours play an effective role in enhancing the level of employee productivity. Therefore, to improve employee productivity, the themes of floating work hours, floating work location, and collaborative work can be utilized.
Presenting a Model for Virtual Education Considering Educational Equity with a Phenomenological Approach in Schools of Golestan Province
Authors: Shariati Fereydoun , Niazazari Kiyomars , Jabbary Negin
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The use of virtual education has seen significant growth compared to the past, making it essential to consider it within the context of educational equity. Consequently, this study aimed to present a model for virtual education considering educational equity with a phenomenological approach in schools of Golestan province. Methodology: This study was applied in terms of its objectives and qualitative in its implementation. The research population consisted of experts and professionals in the field of education in Golestan province, from which 11 individuals were selected as the sample using a purposive sampling method based on the principle of theoretical saturation. The research instruments included a demographic information form and semi-structured interviews, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: The findings revealed that virtual education, considering educational equity with a phenomenological approach in schools of Golestan province, comprises 49 sub-categories within 10 main categories including equity-focused virtual education, development of virtual education in rural areas, enhancement of teachers' digital skills, equity in social media, improvement of students' technological skills, culture building for virtual education, a comprehensive monitoring system for virtual education, virtual education performance assessment system, understanding the gaps related to electronic education infrastructure facilities, and strategic planning for virtual education. Eventually, a model for virtual education considering educational equity with a phenomenological approach was designed for schools in Golestan province. Conclusion: The designed model of virtual education, considering educational equity with a phenomenological approach, can have significant practical implications for specialists and educational planners. By focusing on its main and sub-categories, they can create an environment conducive to improving virtual education with an emphasis on educational equity.
Design and Validation of an Environmental Education Curriculum Model for Higher Education Based on the "Aker" Approach
Authors: Bezi Alireza , Fakoori Hossein , Bayani Ali Asghar , Saemi Hassan
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The curriculum is a central element in any educational activity, and the present study aimed to design and validate an environmental education curriculum model for higher education based on the "Aker" approach. Methodology: This study used a mixed-methods approach, where the qualitative sample consisted of academic and organizational experts familiar with the research field, and the quantitative sample included curriculum specialists, textbook authors of the Ministry of Education, and environmental experts. The qualitative and quantitative research samples comprised 22 and 191 individuals, respectively, selected according to the principle of theoretical saturation through purposive non-random sampling and Cochran's formula with convenience non-random sampling. The research tools were semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires in the qualitative and quantitative sections, respectively, whose psychometric indices were confirmed. Data were analyzed using coding in Nvivo software and exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS and Smart PLS software. Findings: The qualitative findings indicated that the environmental education curriculum model for higher education based on the "Aker" approach contained 87 concepts across 10 elements; namely, 13 concepts for program logic, 15 for program objectives, 13 for educational content, 7 for teaching and learning activities, 9 for instructor characteristics, 7 for educational materials and resources, 5 for educational space and setting, 8 for grouping, 4 for instructional time, and 6 for assessment. Additionally, the quantitative findings showed that the factor loadings, average variance extracted, and composite reliability of the elements were respectively higher than 0.40, 0.50, and 0.70. The fit of the environmental education curriculum model for higher education based on the "Aker" approach was appropriate, with all path coefficients being higher than 0.50 and significant at the 0.001 level. Conclusion: According to the environmental education curriculum model for higher education based on the "Aker" approach and its concepts, planning for the design and application of an environmental education curriculum is essential.
Surgery vs. Local injections in Carpal Tunnel syndrome. Study in Routine Clinical Practice in a Primary Care Centre
Authors: Ly-Pen Domingo , Andréu José-Luis , Millán Isabel , Sánchez-Olaso Alberto , Blas Gema De
Published: April 2024

Background: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a prevalent entrapment neuropathy that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Traditional treatment modalities include local corticosteroid injections (I) and surgery (S), with varying degrees of efficacy reported in the literature. Despite numerous studies, the relative effectiveness of these treatments in routine clinical practice remains inadequately explored.
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of local injections versus surgery in the treatment of CTS within a primary care context, emphasizing the outcomes in a real-world clinical setting.
Methods: This prospective observational study included 160 naïve patients with idiopathic CTS treated in the 4th Sanitary Area of Madrid. Participants were allocated to receive either local injections of triamcinolone acetonide (I) or surgical treatment (S) based on patient-physician consensus. The primary outcomes measured were changes in the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, Functional Status Scale, and Symptoms Severity Scale from baseline to 6 and 26 weeks post-treatment. Statistical significance was determined using Student's T-test and paired samples T-test.
Results: At baseline, both groups were comparable in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. By the 6-week follow-up, the I group demonstrated a significant reduction in pain VAS (56.2, CI 50.9–61.6, p<0.001), improved functional status (1.25, CI 1.08–1.43, p<0.001), and decreased symptoms severity (1.97, CI 1.79–2.16, p<0.001) compared to the S group. However, at the 26-week follow-up, there were no significant differences between the two groups in pain VAS reduction (I: 52.8, CI 46.1–59.4 vs. S: 46.3, CI 39.3–53.3, p=0.196), functional status improvement (I: 1.16, CI 0.95–1.36 vs. S: 1.24, CI 0.99–1.48, p=0.601), or symptoms severity decrease (I: 1.88, CI 1.64–2.13 vs. S: 1.96, CI 1.70–2.21, p=0.662).
Conclusion: In the short term, local corticosteroid injections offer a significant advantage over surgery in alleviating the symptoms of CTS, as evidenced by improvements in pain, functional status, and symptoms severity. However, these differences diminish over time, with both treatments showing comparable effectiveness at 26 weeks. These findings highlight the importance of personalized treatment strategies in managing CTS and underscore the potential for early intervention in a primary care setting to effectively address this condition.