bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manipulating type-I and type-II Dirac polaritons in cavity-embedded honeycomb metasurfaces
Authors: Mann Charlie-Ray , Sturges Thomas J. , Weick Guillaume , Barnes William L. , Mariani Eros
Published: May 2018

Pseudorelativistic Dirac quasiparticles have emerged in a plethora of artificial graphene systems that mimic the underlying honeycomb symmetry of graphene. However, it is notoriously difficult to manipulate their properties without modifying the lattice structure. Here we theoretically investigate polaritons supported by honeycomb metasurfaces and, despite the trivial nature of the resonant elements, we unveil rich Dirac physics stemming from a non-trivial winding in the light–matter interaction. The metasurfaces simultaneously exhibit two distinct species of massless Dirac polaritons, namely type-I and type-II. By modifying only the photonic environment via an enclosing cavity, one can manipulate the location of the type-II Dirac points, leading to qualitatively different polariton phases. This enables one to alter the fundamental properties of the emergent Dirac polaritons while preserving the lattice structure—a unique scenario which has no analog in real or artificial graphene systems. Exploiting the photonic environment will thus give rise to unexplored Dirac physics at the subwavelength scale.
Oxidation-specific epitopes restrain bone formation
Authors: Ambrogini Elena , Que Xuchu , Wang Shuling , Yamaguchi Fumihiro , Weinstein Robert S. , Tsimikas Sotirios , Manolagas Stavros C. , Witztum Joseph L. , Jilka Robert L.
Published: May 2018

Atherosclerosis and osteoporosis are epidemiologically linked and oxidation specific epitopes (OSEs), such as phosphocholine (PC) of oxidized phospholipids (PC-OxPL) and malondialdehyde (MDA), are pathogenic in both. The proatherogenic effects of OSEs are opposed by innate immune antibodies. Here we show that high-fat diet (HFD)-induced bone loss is attenuated in mice expressing a single chain variable region fragment of the IgM E06 (E06-scFv) that neutralizes PC-OxPL, by increasing osteoblast number and stimulating bone formation. Similarly, HFD-induced bone loss is attenuated in mice expressing IK17-scFv, which neutralizes MDA. Notably, E06-scFv also increases bone mass in mice fed a normal diet. Moreover, the levels of anti-PC IgM decrease in aged mice. We conclude that OSEs, whether produced chronically or increased by HFD, restrain bone formation, and that diminished defense against OSEs may contribute to age-related bone loss. Anti-OSEs, therefore, may represent a novel therapeutic approach against osteoporosis and atherosclerosis simultaneously.
Energy-temperature uncertainty relation in quantum thermodynamics
Authors: Miller H. J. D. , Anders J.
Published: May 2018

It is known that temperature estimates of macroscopic systems in equilibrium are most precise when their energy fluctuations are large. However, for nanoscale systems deviations from standard thermodynamics arise due to their interactions with the environment. Here we include such interactions and, using quantum estimation theory, derive a generalised thermodynamic uncertainty relation valid for classical and quantum systems at all coupling strengths. We show that the non-commutativity between the system’s state and its effective energy operator gives rise to quantum fluctuations that increase the temperature uncertainty. Surprisingly, these additional fluctuations are described by the average Wigner-Yanase-Dyson skew information. We demonstrate that the temperature’s signal-to-noise ratio is constrained by the heat capacity plus a dissipative term arising from the non-negligible interactions. These findings shed light on the interplay between classical and non-classical fluctuations in quantum thermodynamics and will inform the design of optimal nanoscale thermometers.
CRISPR-FRT targets shared sites in a knock-out collection for off-the-shelf genome editing
Authors: Swings Toon , Marciano David C. , Atri Benu , Bosserman Rachel E. , Wang Chen , Leysen Marlies , Bonte Camille , Schalck Thomas , Furey Ian , Van den Bergh Bram , Verstraeten Natalie , Christie Peter J. , Herman Christophe , Lichtarge Olivier , Michiels Jan
Published: June 2018

CRISPR advances genome engineering by directing endonuclease sequence specificity with a guide RNA molecule (gRNA). For precisely targeting a gene for modification, each genetic construct requires a unique gRNA. By generating a gRNA against the flippase recognition target (FRT) site, a common genetic element shared by multiple genetic collections, CRISPR-FRT circumvents this design constraint to provide a broad platform for fast, scarless, off-the-shelf genome engineering.
Double thermoelectric power factor of a 2D electron system
Authors: Zhang Yuqiao , Feng Bin , Hayashi Hiroyuki , Chang Cheng-Ping , Sheu Yu-Miin , Tanaka Isao , Ikuhara Yuichi , Ohta Hiromichi
Published: June 2018

Two-dimensional electron systems have attracted attention as thermoelectric materials, which can directly convert waste heat into electricity. It has been theoretically predicted that thermoelectric power factor can be largely enhanced when the two-dimensional electron layer is far narrower than the de Broglie wavelength. Although many studies have been made, the effectiveness has not been experimentally clarified thus far. Here we experimentally clarify that an enhanced two-dimensionality is efficient to enhance thermoelectric power factor. We fabricated superlattices of [N unit cell SrTi1−xNb
x
O3|11 unit cell SrTiO3]10—there are two different de Broglie wavelength in the SrTi1−xNb
x
O3 system. The maximum power factor of the superlattice composed of the longer de Broglie wavelength SrTi1−xNb
x
O3 exceeded ∼5 mW m−1 K−2, which doubles the value of optimized bulk SrTi1−xNb
x
O3. The present approach—use of longer de Broglie wavelength—is epoch-making and is fruitful to design good thermoelectric materials showing high power factor.
Ultrafast perturbation maps as a quantitative tool for testing of multi-port photonic devices
Authors: Vynck Kevin , Dinsdale Nicholas J. , Chen Bigeng , Bruck Roman , Khokhar Ali Z. , Reynolds Scott A. , Crudgington Lee , Thomson David J. , Reed Graham T. , Lalanne Philippe , Muskens Otto L.
Published: June 2018

Advanced photonic probing techniques are of great importance for the development of non-contact wafer-scale testing of photonic chips. Ultrafast photomodulation has been identified as a powerful new tool capable of remotely mapping photonic devices through a scanning perturbation. Here, we develop photomodulation maps into a quantitative technique through a general and rigorous method based on Lorentz reciprocity that allows the prediction of transmittance perturbation maps for arbitrary linear photonic systems with great accuracy and minimal computational cost. Excellent agreement is obtained between predicted and experimental maps of various optical multimode-interference devices, thereby allowing direct comparison of a device under test with a physical model of an ideal design structure. In addition to constituting a promising route for optical testing in photonics manufacturing, ultrafast perturbation mapping may be used for design optimization of photonic structures with reconfigurable functionalities.
Cyclophilin A enables specific HIV-1 Tat palmitoylation and accumulation in uninfected cells
Authors: Chopard Christophe , Tong Phuoc Bao Viet , Tóth Petra , Schatz Malvina , Yezid Hocine , Debaisieux Solène , Mettling Clément , Gross Antoine , Pugnière Martine , Tu Annie , Strub Jean-Marc , Mesnard Jean-Michel , Vitale Nicolas , Beaumelle Bruno
Published: June 2018

Most HIV-1 Tat is unconventionally secreted by infected cells following Tat interaction with phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) at the plasma membrane. Extracellular Tat is endocytosed by uninfected cells before escaping from endosomes to reach the cytosol and bind PI(4,5)P2. It is not clear whether and how incoming Tat concentrates in uninfected cells. Here we show that, in uninfected cells, the S-acyl transferase DHHC-20 together with the prolylisomerases cyclophilin A (CypA) and FKBP12 palmitoylate Tat on Cys31 thereby increasing Tat affinity for PI(4,5)P2. In infected cells, CypA is bound by HIV-1 Gag, resulting in its encapsidation and CypA depletion from cells. Because of the lack of this essential cofactor, Tat is not palmitoylated in infected cells but strongly secreted. Hence, Tat palmitoylation specifically takes place in uninfected cells. Moreover, palmitoylation is required for Tat to accumulate at the plasma membrane and affect PI(4,5)P2-dependent membrane traffic such as phagocytosis and neurosecretion.
Publisher Correction: Stabilizing spin spirals and isolated skyrmions at low magnetic field exploiting vanishing magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Hervé Marie , Dupé Bertrand , Lopes Rafael , Böttcher Marie , Martins Maximiliano D. , Balashov Timofey , Gerhard Lukas , Sinova Jairo , Wulfhekel Wulf
Published: May 2018

The original version of this Article had an incorrect Received date of 21 November 2016; it should have been 21 November 2017. This has been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Emissions mitigation opportunities for savanna countries from early dry season fire management
Authors: Lipsett-Moore Geoffrey J. , Wolff Nicholas H. , Game Edward T.
Published: June 2018

Savanna fires produce significant emissions globally, but if managed effectively could provide an important mitigation opportunity, particularly in African least developed countries. Here we show global opportunities for emissions reductions through early dry season burning for 37 countries including: 29 countries in Africa (69.1 MtCO2-e yr−1), six countries in South America (13.3 MtCO2-e yr−1), and Australia and Papua New Guinea (6.9 MtCO2-e yr−1). Emissions reduction estimates are based on the successful approach developed in Australia to reduce emissions from savanna fires using global-scale, remotely sensed estimates of monthly emissions. Importantly, 20 least developed countries in Africa account for 74% of the mitigation potential (60.2 MtCO2-e yr−1). More than 1.02 million km2 of savanna dominated protected areas within these countries could be used as pilot sites to test and advance a regional approach to mitigation efforts for savanna fires in Africa. Potential versus actual abatement opportunities are discussed.
Gene flow contributes to diversification of the major fungal pathogen Candida albicans
Authors: Ropars Jeanne , Maufrais Corinne , Diogo Dorothée , Marcet-Houben Marina , Perin Aurélie , Sertour Natacha , Mosca Kevin , Permal Emmanuelle , Laval Guillaume , Bouchier Christiane , Ma Laurence , Schwartz Katja , Voelz Kerstin , May Robin C. , Poulain Julie , Battail Christophe , Wincker Patrick , Borman Andrew M. , Chowdhary Anuradha , Fan Shangrong , Kim Soo Hyun , Le Pape Patrice , Romeo Orazio , Shin Jong Hee , Gabaldon Toni , Sherlock Gavin , Bougnoux Marie-Elisabeth , d’Enfert Christophe
Published: June 2018

Elucidating population structure and levels of genetic diversity and recombination is necessary to understand the evolution and adaptation of species.Candida albicansis the second most frequent agent of human fungal infections worldwide, causing high-mortality rates. Here we present the genomic sequences of 182 C.albicansisolates collected worldwide, including commensal isolates, as well as ones responsible for superficial and invasive infections, constituting the largest dataset to date for this major fungal pathogen. Although,C.albicansshows a predominantly clonal population structure, we find evidence of gene flow between previously known and newly identified genetic clusters, supporting the occurrence of (para)sexuality in nature. A highly clonal lineage, which experimentally shows reduced fitness, has undergone pseudogenization in genes required for virulence and morphogenesis, which may explain its niche restriction.Candida albicansthus takes advantage of both clonality and gene flow to diversify.
Dissociating neural markers of stimulus memorability and subjective recognition during episodic retrieval
Authors: Bainbridge Wilma A. , Rissman Jesse
Published: May 2018

While much of memory research takes an observer-centric focus looking at participant performance, recent work has pinpointed important item-centric effects on memory, or how intrinsically memorable a given stimulus is. However, little is known about the neural correlates of memorability during memory retrieval, or how such correlates relate to subjective memory behavior. Here, stimuli and blood-oxygen-level dependent data from a prior functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study were reanalyzed using a memorability-based framework. In that study, sixteen participants studied 200 novel face images and were scanned while making recognition memory judgments on those faces, interspersed with 200 unstudied faces. In the current investigation, memorability scores for those stimuli were obtained through an online crowd-sourced (N = 740) continuous recognition test that measured each image’s corrected recognition rate. Representational similarity analyses were conducted across the brain to identify regions wherein neural pattern similarity tracked item-specific effects (stimulus memorability) versus observer-specific effects (individual memory performance). We find two non-overlapping sets of regions, with memorability-related information predominantly represented within ventral and medial temporal regions and memory retrieval outcome-related information within fronto-parietal regions. These memorability-based effects persist regardless of image history, implying that coding of stimulus memorability may be a continuous and automatic perceptual process.
A novel dynamic multicellular co-culture system for studying individual blood-brain barrier cell types in brain diseases and cytotoxicity testing
Authors: Miranda-Azpiazu Patricia , Panagiotou Stavros , Jose Gin , Saha Sikha
Published: June 2018

Blood brain barrier (BBB) cells play key roles in the physiology and pathology of the central nervous system (CNS). BBB dysfunction is implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The BBB consists of capillary endothelial cells, pericytes encircling the endothelium and surrounding astrocytes extending their processes towards it. Although there have been many attempts to developin vitroBBB models, the complex interaction between these cell types makes it extremely difficult to determine their individual contribution to neurotoxicityin vivo. Thus, we developed and optimised anin vitromulticellular co-culture model within the Kirkstall Quasi Vivo System. The main aim was to determine the optimal environment to culture human brain primary endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes whilst maintaining cellular communication without formation of a barrier in order to assess the contribution of each cell type to the overall response. As a proof of concept for the present system, the effects of amyloid-beta 25-35 peptide (Aβ25-35), a hallmark of AD, were explored. This multicellular system will be a valuable tool for future studies on the specific roles of individual BBB cell type (while making connection with each other through medium) in CNS disorders as well as in cytotoxicity tests.
A Gold-Standard for Entity Resolution within Sexually Transmitted Infection Networks
Authors: Schneider John , Schumm L. Philip , Fraser Maya , Yeldandi Vijay , Liao Chuanhong
Published: June 2018

Contact tracing for venereal disease control has been widespread since 1936 and relies on reported information about contacts’ attributes to determine whether two contacts may represent the same individual. We developed and implemented a gold-standard for determining overlap between contacts reported by different individuals using cell phone numbers as unique identifiers. This method was then used to evaluate the performance of using reported names and demographic characteristics to infer overlap. Cell-phone numbers, names and demographic data for a sample of high-risk men in India and their contacts were collected using a novel, hybrid instrument involving both cell-phone data extraction and Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI). Logistic regression was used to model the probability that a pair of contacts reported by different respondents were identical, based on the correspondence between their reported names and attributes. A discrete mixture model is proposed which provides predictions nearly as good as the logistic model but may be used in a new population without re-calibration. Despite achieving AUCs of 0.83–0.86, the low rate of true overlap among a very large number of contact pairs still results in a high rate of false positives. Next generation contact tracing calls for more archived or digital matching processes.
Inferring population dynamics of HIV-1 subtype C epidemics in Eastern Africa and Southern Brazil applying different Bayesian phylodynamics approaches
Authors: Mir Daiana , Gräf Tiago , Esteves de Matos Almeida Sabrina , Pinto Aguinaldo Roberto , Delatorre Edson , Bello Gonzalo
Published: June 2018

The subtype C Eastern Africa clade (CEA), a particularly successful HIV-1 subtype C lineage, has seeded several sub-epidemics in Eastern African countries and Southern Brazil during the 1960s and 1970s. Here, we characterized the past population dynamics of the major CEAsub-epidemics in Eastern Africa and Brazil by using Bayesian phylodynamic approaches based on coalescent and birth-death models. All phylodynamic models support similar epidemic dynamics and exponential growth rates until roughly the mid-1980s for all the CEAsub-epidemics. Divergent growth patterns, however, were supported afterwards. The Bayesian skygrid coalescent model (BSKG) and the birth-death skyline model (BDSKY) supported longer exponential growth phases than the Bayesian skyline coalescent model (BSKL). The BDSKY model uncovers patterns of a recent decline for the CEAsub-epidemics in Burundi/Rwanda and Tanzania (Re < 1) and a recent growth for Southern Brazil (Re > 1); whereas coalescent models infer an epidemic stabilization. To the contrary, the BSKG model captured a decline of Ethiopian CEAsub-epidemic between the mid-1990s and mid-2000s that was not uncovered by the BDSKY model. These results underscore that the joint use of different phylodynamic approaches may yield complementary insights into the past HIV population dynamics.
Author Correction: Blocking Zika virus vertical transmission
Authors: Mesci Pinar , Macia Angela , Moore Spencer M. , Shiryaev Sergey A. , Pinto Antonella , Huang Chun-Teng , Tejwani Leon , Fernandes Isabella R. , Suarez Nicole A. , Kolar Matthew J. , Montefusco Sandro , Rosenberg Scott C. , Herai Roberto H. , Cugola Fernanda R. , Russo Fabiele B. , Sheets Nicholas , Saghatelian Alan , Shresta Sujan , Momper Jeremiah D. , Siqueira-Neto Jair L. , Corbett Kevin D. , Beltrão-Braga Patricia C. B. , Terskikh Alexey V. , Muotri Alysson R.
Published: June 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
The biogeochemical fate of nickel during microbial ISA degradation; implications for nuclear waste disposal
Authors: Kuippers Gina , Boothman Christopher , Bagshaw Heath , Ward Michael , Beard Rebecca , Bryan Nicholas , Lloyd Jonathan R.
Published: June 2018

Intermediate level radioactive waste (ILW) generally contains a heterogeneous range of organic and inorganic materials, of which some are encapsulated in cement. Of particular concern are cellulosic waste items, which will chemically degrade under the conditions predicted during waste disposal, forming significant quantities of isosaccharinic acid (ISA), a strongly chelating ligand. ISA therefore has the potential to increase the mobility of a wide range of radionuclides via complex formation, including Ni-63 and Ni-59. Although ISA is known to be metabolized by anaerobic microorganisms, the biodegradation of metal-ISA complexes remains unexplored. This study investigates the fate of a Ni-ISA complex in Fe(III)-reducing enrichment cultures at neutral pH, representative of a microbial community in the subsurface. After initial sorption of Ni onto Fe(III)oxyhydroxides, microbial ISA biodegradation resulted in >90% removal of the remaining Ni from solution when present at 0.1 mM, whereas higher concentrations of Ni proved toxic. The microbial consortium associated with ISA degradation was dominated by close relatives to Clostridia and Geobacter species. Nickel was preferentially immobilized with trace amounts of biogenic amorphous iron sulfides. This study highlights the potential for microbial activity to help remove chelating agents and radionuclides from the groundwater in the subsurface geosphere surrounding a geodisposal facility.
mTORC1 controls long-term memory retrieval
Authors: Pereyra Magdalena , Katche Cynthia , de Landeta Ana Belén , Medina Jorge H.
Published: June 2018

Understanding how stored information emerges is a main question in the neurobiology of memory that is now increasingly gaining attention. However, molecular events underlying this memory stage, including involvement of protein synthesis, are not well defined. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a central regulator of protein synthesis, has been implicated in synaptic plasticity and is required for memory formation. Using inhibitory avoidance (IA), we evaluated the role of mTORC1 in memory retrieval. Infusion of a selective mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, into the dorsal hippocampus 15 or 40 min but not 3 h before testing at 24 h reversibly disrupted memory expression even in animals that had already expressed IA memory. Emetine, a general protein synthesis inhibitor, provoked a similar impairment. mTORC1 inhibition did not interfere with short-term memory retrieval. When infused before test at 7 or 14 but not at 28 days after training, rapamycin impaired memory expression. mTORC1 blockade in retrosplenial cortex, another structure required for IA memory, also impaired memory retention. In addition, pretest intrahippocampal rapamycin infusion impaired object location memory retrieval. Our results support the idea that ongoing protein synthesis mediated by activation of mTORC1 pathway is necessary for long but not for short term memory.
Climatic niche divergence drives patterns of diversification and richness among mammal families
Authors: Castro-Insua Adrián , Gómez-Rodríguez Carola , Wiens John J. , Baselga Andrés
Published: June 2018

A major goal of evolutionary biology is to understand why clades differ dramatically in species richness. A key to this challenge is to uncover the correlates of variation in diversification rate (speciation – extinction) among clades. Here, we explore the relationship between diversification rates and the climatic niches of species and clades among 92 families of terrestrial mammals. We use a time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of mammals and climatic data from 3335 species. We show that considerable variation in net diversification rates among mammal families is explained by niche divergence (59%) and rates of niche change (51%). Diversification rates in turn explain most variation in species richness among families (79%). Contrary to expectations, patterns of diversification are not explained by differences in geographic range areas of clades, nor by their climatic niche position (i.e. whether they are primarily tropical or temperate). Overall, these results suggest that speciation through climatic niche divergence may help drive large-scale patterns of diversification and richness. Our results help explain diversification patterns in a major clade of vertebrates, and suggest that similar underlying principles may explain the diversification of many terrestrial clades.
Insights into the skin microbiome dynamics of leprosy patients during multi-drug therapy and in healthy individuals from Brazil
Authors: Silva Paulo E. S. , Reis Mariana P. , Ávila Marcelo P. , Dias Marcela F. , Costa Patrícia S. , Suhadolnik Maria L. S. , Kunzmann Bárbara G. , Carmo Anderson O. , Kalapotakis Evanguedes , Chartone-Souza Edmar , Nascimento Andréa M. A.
Published: June 2018

Leprosy is a chronic infectious peripheral neuropathy that is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, and the skin is one of its preferred target sites. However, the effects of this infection on the skin microbiome remain largely unexplored. Here, we characterize and compare the lesional and non-lesional skin microbiomes of leprosy patients and healthy individuals through the deep sequencing of 16 S rRNA genes. Additionally, a subset of patients was monitored throughout the multi-drug therapy to investigate its effect on the leprous skin microbiome. Firmicutes-associated OTUs (primarily Staphylococcus) prevailed in healthy individuals. By contrast, Firmicutes was underrepresented and Proteobacteria was enriched in the patients’ skin, although a single dominant taxon has not been observed at a finer taxonomic resolution. These differences can be explained by the significant decrease in Staphylococcus and Streptococcus as well as the enrichment in Brevundimonas. The overrepresentation of Micrococcus in patients is also remarkable. Genus-level compositional profiles revealed no significant intrapersonal difference between lesional and non-lesional sites. Treatment-associated changes indicated a loss of diversity and a shift in the community composition, with stronger impacts on the OTUs that are considered indigenous bacteria. Therefore, the molecular signatures associated with leprosy identified herein might be of importance for early diagnostics.
Correction: Corrigendum: Continual Antigenic Diversification in China Leads to Global Antigenic Complexity of Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses
Authors: Peng Yousong , Li Xiaodan , Zhou Hongbo , Wu Aiping , Dong Libo , Zhang Ye , Gao Rongbao , Bo Hong , Yang Lei , Wang Dayan , Lin Xian , Jin Meilin , Shu Yuelong , Jiang Taijiao
Published: May 2018

Scientific Reports 7: Article number: 43566; published online: 06 March 2017; updated: 31 May 2018 This Article contains an error in Figure 2, where the antigenic cluster label ‘AH05’ is missing. In addition, this Article contains an error in the legend of Figure 2, “(c) The antigenic cartography for six representative viruses of four antigenic clusters which were mainly composed of viruses of clade 2.
Near-saturated red emitters: four-coordinate copper(i) halide complexes containing 8-(diphenylphosphino)quinoline and 1-(diphenylphosphino)naphthalene ligands
Authors: Liu Li-Ping , Li Qian , Xiang Song-Po , Liu Li , Zhong Xin-Xin , Liang Chen , Li Guang Hua , Hayat Tasawar , Alharbi Njud S. , Li Fa-Bao , Zhu Nian-Yong , Wong Wai-Yeung , Qin Hai-Mei , Wang Lei
Published: May 2018

Cu(i) complexes exhibit near-saturated red emission.
Application of dual-template molecularly imprinted polymer-based solid phase extraction for determination of phenothiazines and benzodiazepines in swine feed
Authors: Xia Wan Qiu , Cui Peng Lei , Wang Geng Nan , Liu Jing , Wang Jian Ping
Published: May 2018

Process of dual-template molecularly imprinted polymer-based solid phase extraction for phenothiazines and benzodiazepines.
A two-step approach to a glycoazobenzene macrocycle with remarkable photoswitchable features
Authors: Hain Julia , Despras Guillaume
Published: May 2018

A straightforward synthetic route provided a glycoazobenzene macrocycle showing distinct chiroptical and solubility behaviour upon photoswitching.
Armchair graphene nanoribbons with giant spin thermoelectric efficiency
Authors: Shirdel-Havar Majid , Farghadan Rouhollah
Published: May 2018

Spin-caloritronic effects in armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) with various ribbon widths and periodic structural defects in the form of triangular antidots were systematically studied.
The confined [Bmim][BF4] ionic liquid flow through graphene oxide nanochannels: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Wang Yanlei , Huo Feng , He Hongyan , Zhang Suojiang
Published: May 2018

Our work quantitatively shows how hydroxyls influence the flow behavior of ionic liquids in nanochannels.
Effect of various structure directing agents (SDAs) on low-temperature deactivation of Cu/SAPO-34 during NH3-SCR reaction
Authors: Woo Jungwon , Leistner Kirsten , Bernin Diana , Ahari Homayoun , Shost Mark , Zammit Michael , Olsson Louise
Published: May 2018

Cu/SAPO-34(TEA) only exhibited minor deactivation and mostly recovered its original activities, while Cu/SAPO-34(MO) showed major deactivation and was not fully regenerated during low temperature NH3-SCR reaction.
Assigning value to energy storage systems at multiple points in an electrical grid
Authors: Balducci Patrick J. , Alam M. Jan E. , Hardy Trevor D. , Wu Di
Published: June 2018

This article presents a taxonomy for assigning benefits to the services provided by energy storage systems (ESSs), defines approaches for monetizing the value associated with these services, assigns values to major ESS applications by region based on a review of an extensive set of literature, and summarizes and evaluates the capabilities of several tools currently used to estimate value for specific ESS deployments.
Stable CoSe2/carbon nanodice@reduced graphene oxide composites for high-performance rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries
Authors: Cai Tonghui , Zhao Lianming , Hu Haoyu , Li Tongge , Li Xiaochen , Guo Sheng , Li Yanpeng , Xue Qingzhong , Xing Wei , Yan Zifeng , Wang Lianzhou
Published: June 2018

A rechargeable aluminum-ion battery exhibits outstanding perofrmance due to the rationally designed CoSe2-based cathode material.
New insights into microbial-mediated synthesis of Au@biolayer nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Wang Liying , Wang Jin , Du Jingjing , Jing Chuanyong
Published: June 2018

Our results provide the first direct evidence of a biolayer on biogenic AuNPs and unveil the AuNP biogenic process and mechanisms.
Precise isotope analysis of tellurium by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using a double spike method
Authors: Fukami Yusuke , Kimura Jun-Ichi , Suzuki Katsuhiko
Published: May 2018

We present an analytical protocol to determine the Te/Se ratio and stable isotope composition of Te from a single sample aliquot.
A synthetic diphosphoinositol phosphate analogue of inositol trisphosphate
Authors: Riley Andrew M. , Unterlass Judith E. , Konieczny Vera , Taylor Colin W. , Helleday Thomas , Potter Barry V. L.
Published: June 2018

We describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-PP-Ins(4,5)P2, the first diphosphate-containing analogue of the intracellular signalling molecule Ins(1,4,5)P3.
One-step hydrothermal synthesis of chiral carbon dots and their effects on mung bean plant growth
Authors: Zhang Mengling , Hu Lulu , Wang Huibo , Song Yuxiang , Liu Yang , Li Hao , Shao Mingwang , Huang Hui , Kang Zhenhui
Published: June 2018

Chiral carbon dots were obtained by using a one-step hydrothermal method and promote the growth of mung bean plants.
Rare-earth-free high energy product manganese-based magnetic materials
Authors: Patel Ketan , Zhang Jingming , Ren Shenqiang
Published: June 2018

The constant drive to replace rare-earth metal magnets has initiated great interest in an alternative.
Molecular simulations of water adsorption and transport in mesopores with varying hydrophilicity arrangements
Authors: Kashiwagi Kentaro , Suh Donguk , Hwang Junho , Hsu Wei-Lun , Daiguji Hirofumi
Published: June 2018

The difference in adsorption and desorption characteristics depending on the hydrophilicity arrangements within a nanopore.
Enhanced shielding effectiveness in nanohybrids of graphene derivatives with Fe3O4 and ε-Fe3N in the X-band microwave region
Authors: Vinod K. Rohith , P. Saravanan , T.R. Suresh Kumar , R. Radha , M. Balasubramaniam , S. Balakumar
Published: May 2018

Novel nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)–Fe3O4 (rGO:IO), and nitrogen doped rGO–ε-Fe3N (NrGO:IN) with unique ‘particle shielded by sheet’ morphology is reported for enhanced electromagnetic shielding effectiveness.
Multifunctional mixed valence N-doped CNT@MFe2O4 hybrid nanomaterials: from engineered one-pot coprecipitation to application in energy storage paper supercapacitors
Authors: Pereira Clara , Costa Rui S. , Lopes Laury , Bachiller-Baeza Belén , Rodríguez-Ramos Inmaculada , Guerrero-Ruiz Antonio , Tavares Pedro B. , Freire Cristina , Pereira André M.
Published: June 2018

N-doped CNT@MFe2O4 hybrid nanomaterials were prepared by a highly controlled one-pot co-precipitation, leading to enhanced energy storage in paper supercapacitors.
Suppression of exciton dephasing in sidewall-functionalized carbon nanotubes embedded into metallo-dielectric antennas
Authors: Shayan Kamran , He Xiaowei , Luo Yue , Rabut Claire , Li Xiangzhi , Hartmann Nicolai F. , Blackburn Jeffrey L. , Doorn Stephen K. , Htoon Han , Strauf Stefan
Published: June 2018

Covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is a promising route to enhance the quantum yield of exciton emission and can lead to single-photon emission at room temperature.
Selection of an anti-solvent for efficient and stable cesium-containing triple cation planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Xiao Meng , Zhao Li , Geng Min , Li Yanyan , Dong Binghai , Xu Zuxun , Wan Li , Li Wenlu , Wang Shimin
Published: May 2018

Diethyl ether is reported to be the most suitable anti-solvent for the preparation of cesium-containing triple cation perovskite solar cells.
Ni–Al–Cr superalloy as high temperature cathode current collector for advanced thin film Li batteries
Authors: Filippin Alejandro N. , Lin Tzu-Ying , Rawlence Michael , Zünd Tanja , Kravchyk Kostiantyn , Sastre-Pellicer Jordi , Haass Stefan G. , Wäckerlin Aneliia , Kovalenko Maksym V. , Buecheler Stephan
Published: June 2018

A novel cathode current collector based on a Ni–Al–Cr superalloy is presented here. The suitability of this superalloy as a high voltage current collector was verified by crystallizing and cycling of LiCoO2 directly onto it.
Off-stoichiometric Na3−3xV2+x(PO4)3/C nanocomposites as cathode materials for high-performance sodium-ion batteries prepared by high-energy ball milling
Authors: Sun Pingping , Wang Yuanting , Wang Xiuzhen , Xu Qingyu , Fan Qi , Sun Yueming
Published: June 2018

Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) is regarded as a promising cathode material for sustainable energy storage applications.
A proteome-wide systems toxicological approach deciphers the interaction network of chemotherapeutic drugs in the cardiovascular milieu
Authors: Giri Suvendu , Manivannan Jeganathan , Srinivasan Bhuvaneswari , Sundaresan Lakshmikirupa , Gajalakshmi Palanivel , Chatterjee Suvro
Published: June 2018

Onco-cardiology is critical for the management of cancer therapeutics since many of the anti-cancer agents are associated with cardiotoxicity.
Studies of the binding properties of the food preservative thiabendazole to DNA by computer simulations and NMR relaxation
Authors: Sun Qiaomei , Suo Zili , Pu Hongyu , Tang Peixiao , Gan Na , Gan Ruixue , Zhai Yuanming , Ding Xiaohui , Li Hui
Published: June 2018

The groove binding of thiabendazole and hsDNA was studied by computer simulation and experimental methods.
Copper-catalyzed domino sequences: a new route to pyrido-fused quinazolinones from 2′-haloacetophenones and 2-aminopyridines
Authors: Pham Phuc H. , Doan Son H. , Vuong Ngan T. H. , Nguyen Vu H. H. , Ha Phuong T. M. , Phan Nam T. S.
Published: June 2018

A new pathway to access pyrido-fused quinazolinones via a Cu(OAc)2-catalyzed domino sequential transformation between 2′-haloacetophenones and 2-aminopyridines was demonstrated.
Modification of BiVO4/WO3 composite photoelectrodes with Al2O3via chemical vapor deposition for highly efficient oxidative H2O2 production from H2O
Authors: Miyase Yuta , Takasugi Soichi , Iguchi Shoji , Miseki Yugo , Gunji Takahiro , Sasaki Kotaro , Fujita Etsuko , Sayama Kazuhiro
Published: June 2018

Efficient H2O2 production on both the Al2O3/BiVO4/WO3 photoanode and carbon cathode loaded with a biomass-derived cathode without external bias was demonstrated.
Strategies toward highly efficient CIGSe thin-film solar cells fabricated by sequential process
Authors: Kim Byungwoo , Min Byoung Koun
Published: June 2018

Strategies toward highly efficient CIGSe thin-film solar cells fabricated by a sequential process are discussed in terms of three categories: pre-selenization, mid-selenization, and post-selenization.
Instabilities in the electric Freedericksz state of the twist-bend nematic liquid crystal CB7CB
Authors: Krishnamurthy Kanakapura S. , Kanakala Madhu B. , Yelamaggad Channabasaveshwar V. , Kleman Maurice
Published: May 2018

(a) A dissociating toric FCD in the NTB phase. (b) Oily streaks in a homeotropic NTB layer, formed at the electrodes of a 90° twist cell.
Understanding the crucial role of local crystal order in the electrocatalytic activity of crystalline manganese oxide
Authors: Lee Jang Mee , Patil Sharad B. , Kang Bohyun , Lee Seul , Kim Min Gyu , Hwang Seong-Ju
Published: June 2018

In situ spectroscopic investigation elucidates the crucial role of local structural order in the excellent electrocatalytic activity of crystalline MnO2.
Thermal convection induced TiO2 microclews as superior electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Lijiang , Wang Shitong , Pan Feng , Tang Zilong , Zhang Zhongtai , Zhong Shengwen , Zhang Junying
Published: May 2018

TiO2 microclew filled carbon cloth favours fast transport of lithium ions and electrons, causing high electrochemical performance.
Compressed energy transfer distance for remarkable enhancement of the luminescence of Nd3+-sensitized upconversion nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Dan , Xue Bin , Song Jun , Qu Junle
Published: May 2018

We developed a compressed activator layer (NaYF4:Yb/Er) and a Nd sensitizer layer (NaYF4:Nd) for enhancing (enhancement factor ∼19.8) the upconversion luminescence of ∼808 nm excited-, Nd3+-sensitized nanoparticles.
Influence of Cu and Na incorporation on the thermodynamic stability and electronic properties of β-In2S3
Authors: Ghorbani Elaheh , Albe Karsten
Published: May 2018

We studied the incorporation of a Na and Cu in β-In2S3 buffer layer and addressed the stability of the absorber/buffer interface in CIGS-based thin film solar cells.
Waveform design for random stepped frequency radar to estimate object velocity
Authors: Liao Zhikun , Lu Dawei , Hu Jiemin , Zhang Jun
Published: May 2018

A novel method to estimate the object velocity for random stepped frequency radar by the waveform design is proposed. The method utilises a so‐called ‘complementary random code’ to modulate the transmitted waveform. Theoretical analyses show that the proposed method achieves a high precision in velocity estimation, which could meet the requirements of motion compensation. Moreover, its computational complexity can be significantly reduced, compared with the classical estimation methods. Finally, the simulations validate the effectiveness of the present method.
Model‐based flux weakening strategy for synchronous machines without additional regulators
Authors: Zanuso Giovanni , Peretti Luca , Sandulescu Paul
Published: May 2018

This study proposes a model‐based control strategy for flux weakening operation of a synchronous reluctance machine, with a methodology that is extendible to any synchronous machine. The strategy leverages in the presence of digital non‐linear models that describe the relation between currents and flux linkages in the machine. Such models are usually needed for conventional maximum‐torque‐per‐ampere control and sensorless control, but here they are exploited to achieve flux‐weakening operation without the need of flux weakening regulators, ensuring a seamless transition between the operating regions of the machine. The external voltage regulation loop for flux weakening is thus eliminated and substituted by a combination of look‐up tables and binary searches, which are executed within one digital control period and which generate the required current and voltage references that fulfil the drive limitations. The method can also be coupled with mechanisms to compensate for magnetic parameter inaccuracies, to achieve an accurate tracking of the reference torque. The proposed solution is simulated and validated in a laboratory test bench on an 11 kW synchronous reluctance machine.
Tracing the cold and warm physico-chemical structure of deeply embedded protostars: IRAS 16293−2422 vs. VLA 1623−2417
Authors: Murillo N. M. , van Dishoeck E. F. , van der Wiel M. H. D. , Jørgensen J. K. , Drozdovskaya M. N. , Calcutt H. , Harsono D.
Published: June 2018

Context. Much attention has been placed on the dust distribution in protostellar envelopes, but there are still many unanswered questions regarding the physico-chemical structure of the gas.

Aims. Our aim is to start identifying the factors that determine the chemical structure of protostellar regions, by studying and comparing low-mass embedded systems in key molecular tracers.

Methods. The cold and warm chemical structures of two embedded Class 0 systems, IRAS 16293−2422 and VLA 1623−2417 were characterized through interferometric observations. DCO+, N2H+, and N2D+ were used to trace the spatial distribution and physics of the cold regions of the envelope, while c-C3H2 and C2H from models of the chemistry are expected to trace the warm (UV-irradiated) regions.

Results. The two sources show a number of striking similarities and differences. DCO+ consistently traces the cold material at the disk-envelope interface, where gas and dust temperatures are lowered due to disk shadowing. N2H+ and N2D+, also tracing cold gas, show low abundances toward VLA 1623−2417, but for IRAS 16293−2422, the distribution of N2D+ is consistent with the same chemical models that reproduce DCO+. The two systems show different spatial distributions c-C3H2 and C2H. For IRAS 16293−2422, c-C3H2 traces the outflow cavity wall, while C2H is found in the envelope material but not the outflow cavity wall. In contrast, toward VLA 1623−2417 both molecules trace the outflow cavity wall. Finally, hot core molecules are abundantly observed toward IRAS 16293−2422 but not toward VLA 1623−2417.

Conclusions. We identify temperature as one of the key factors in determining the chemical structure of protostars as seen in gaseous molecules. More luminous protostars, such as IRAS 16293−2422, will have chemical complexity out to larger distances than colder protostars, such as VLA 1623−2417. Additionally, disks in the embedded phase have a crucial role in controlling both the gas and dust temperature of the envelope, and consequently the chemical structure.
Sensitivity kernels for time-distance helioseismology
Authors: Fournier Damien , Hanson Chris S. , Gizon Laurent , Barucq Hélène
Published: June 2018

Context. The interpretation of helioseismic measurements, such as wave travel-time, is based on the computation of kernels that give the sensitivity of the measurements to localized changes in the solar interior. These kernels are computed using the ray or the Born approximation. The Born approximation is preferable as it takes finite-wavelength effects into account, although it can be computationally expensive.

Aims. We propose a fast algorithm to compute travel-time sensitivity kernels under the assumption that the background solar medium is spherically symmetric.

Methods. Kernels are typically expressed as products of Green’s functions that depend upon depth, latitude, and longitude. Here, we compute the spherical harmonic decomposition of the kernels and show that the integrals in latitude and longitude can be performed analytically. In particular, the integrals of the product of three associated Legendre polynomials can be computed.

Results. The computations are fast and accurate and only require the knowledge of the Green’s function where the source is at the pole. The computation time is reduced by two orders of magnitude compared to other recent computational frameworks.

Conclusions. This new method allows flexible and computationally efficient calculations of a large number of kernels, required in addressing key helioseismic problems. For example, the computation of all the kernels required for meridional flow inversion takes less than two hours on 100 cores.
Pollution data analysis and characteristics of volatile organic compounds in the environment
Authors: Wang Qi , Wang Chēn , Hou Lujian , Lv Bo , WANG Chén
Published: June 2018

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have a wide range of sources and have a significant impact on the ecological environment and human health, which have attracted wide attention of many researchers. In this paper, the pollution characteristics of VOCs, the role of VOCs in atmospheric chemistry including OH reaction reactivity (LOH), Ozone Formation Potential (OFP) and SOA generation potential (SOAP), VOCs source apportionment were discussed and reviewed.
The Detection Method of Fire Abnormal Based on Directional Drilling in Complex Conditions of Mine
Authors: Huijun Duan , Shijun Hao , Jie Feng
Published: June 2018

In the light of more and more urgent hidden fire abnormal detection problem in complex conditions of mine, a method which is used directional drilling technology is put forward. The method can avoid the obstacles in mine, and complete the fire abnormal detection. This paper based on analyzing the trajectory control of directional drilling, measurement while drilling and the characteristic of open branch process, the project of the directional drilling is formulated combination with a complex condition mine, and the detection of fire abnormal is implemented. This method can provide technical support for fire prevention, which also can provide a new way for fire anomaly detection in the similar mine.
Analysis on the Trade Comparative Advantage of Manufacturing Industry in Guangzhou to the Belt and Road Area: Based on the RSCA Index
Authors: Luo XiaoFei , Han YongHui , Wei DongMing
Published: June 2018

After the economic development has entered the new normal stage, the manufacturing industry in Guangzhou faces new challenges and opportunities, and it urgently needs to change the way of its economy development. This paper uses the RSCA index to analyze Guangzhou’s problems existing in the manufacturing industry, and to compare the situation to six different areas along the B&R. The results show that, Guangzhou has a long and steady comparative advantage in the garment and textile sector, metal products and leather products sector while it is comparative disadvantage in metal smelting and processing sector, chemical products sector and non-metallic mineral sector. From the perspective of regional comparison, Guangzhou has the strongest competitiveness with ASEAN and South Asia while it is complimentarily with Central Asia and West Asia.
Analysis and discussion on the experimental data of electrolyte analyzer
Authors: Dong XinYu , Jiang JunJie , Liu MengJun , Li Weiwei
Published: June 2018

In the subsequent verification of electrolyte analyzer, we found that the instrument can achieve good repeatability and stability in repeated measurements with a short period of time, in line with the requirements of verification regulation of linear error and cross contamination rate, but the phenomenon of large indication error is very common, the measurement results of different manufacturers have great difference, in order to find and solve this problem, help enterprises to improve quality of product, to obtain accurate and reliable measurement data, we conducted the experimental evaluation of electrolyte analyzer, and the data were analyzed by statistical analysis.