bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De la Théorie générale aux modèles de défaut de coordination : Remarques sur le développement de l'approche keynésienne
Authors: Cartelier Jean
Published: March 2014

Thierry Laurent et Hélène Zajdela ont raison de soutenir que la théorie néo-keynésienne conduit à une triple impasse : technique, méthodologique et empirique. La rigidité des prix n'est pas la marque distinctive de l'approche keynésienne. Il n'est pas pour autant acquis que la notion de défaut de coordination soit plus éclairante pour comprendre ce que peut être une démarche keynésienne. Les modèles de défauts de coordination sont issus d'une critique de la théorie de l'équilibre général différente, et sans doute complémentaire, de celle contenue dans la Théorie générale.

Ce qui est à la racine de la conjecture de Keynes sur le chômage involontaire n'est ni la rigidité des prix, ni l'incertitude ni la concurrence imparfaite mais bien plutôt l'asymétrie entre entrepreneurs et salariés. Les contributions de Hicks et de Clower sont aussi importantes qu'ambiguës. Il existe cependant un théorème d'existence des équilibres keynésiens, dû à Glustoff (1968), à partir duquel il est possible de réinterpréter les analyses de Hicks et de Clower dans un sens très différent de celui communément admis.
Cournot avant Nash : grandeur et mites d'un modèle unitaire de la concurrence
Authors: Bornier Jean Magnan de
Published: March 2014

For a long time, the analysis of the Compatibility of firm strategies with the rules of Competition Law was the Lawyers private domain. It can't be denied, however that the interest some economists have more lately shown in this field, has greatly helped to improve some juridical decisions.The Game Theory for instance has definitely been helpful in the detection of collusive situations, as indeed the Theory of Contestable Markets when dealing with merging projects.dominant positions, and industries newly opened to competition. Similarly the economists have largely contributed to the working out of the new competition law regulations. The latest legal framework concerning vertical agreements for instance, as well as the leading decision of the Commission make clear reference to the Agency and Transaction Coasts theories. Besides, in its appraisal of R&D agreements, the Commission seems to make use of the production theory.
Concurrence, innovation et croissance : un modèle de création non destructrice.
Authors: Encaoua David , Ulph David
Published: March 2014

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the links between product market competition, innovation

and growth. We capture the idea that firms innovate in order to try to escape -albeit temporarily - from

the pressure of competition exerted on them by their rivals. There are two ways in which competitive

pressure can be thought of as a driving force to innovate. In leveled industries where all the firms have

access to the same technological knowledge, the greater is the intensity of competition between the neck

by neck firms the lower will be their current profits. Thus, as the competitive pressure increases, these

firms will devote a higher ft&D effort to obtain a leadership and escape from the unprofitable state. In

unleveled industries, where one firm has obtained a technological lead, the greater is the intensity of

competition, the lower will be the current profit of the laggard firm. This should increase the incentive

of this firm to eliminate its disadvantage by catching-up or leapfrogging the current leader. We assume

that if a laggard firm succeeds in innovating, it will either leapfrog the leader with some probability or

catch-up its technology with the complementary probability. The dynamics of industry are thus more

complex than in pure leapfrogging models. By using a quadratic R&D cost function, we investigate

how innovation and growth are affected in the stationary state by the intensity of competition and by

the probability of leapfrogging.
L'utilisation des travaux de la nouvelle économie industrielle par les autorités de la concurrence
Authors: Glais Michel
Published: March 2014

L'analyse de la conformité des stratégies des firmes avec les règles du droit de la concurrence a longtemps été un domaine presqu'exclusivement couvert par les juristes. L'intérêt que lui portent les économistes depuis quelques années a tout d'abord permis un incontestable enrichissement de certaines décisions de justice : Appel aux enseignements de la théorie des jeux dans la détection des situations de collusion, de la théorie des marchés contestables dans les dossiers relevant de l'étude des projets de concentration, des positions dominantes, et des secteurs naturellement ouverts à la concurrence.

L'apport des économistes a également été d'une réelle importance lors de l'élaboration de nouveaux règlements adoptés en droit communautaire de la concurrence. Ainsi, le nouveau cadre juridique applicable aux accords verticaux et plus particulièrement les lignes directrices publiées par la Commission se réfèrent explicitement aux enseignements de la théorie de l'agence et de la théorie des économie de coûts de transaction. L'utilisation de certaines analyses relevant de la théorie de la production peut également être décelée dans l'appréciation des accords de R&D.
Quelques réflexions sur la formation stratégique des prix dans un contexte d'équilibre général
Authors: Stahn Hubert
Published: March 2014

This paper is devoted to the study of the price formation in a context of general equilibrium. In fact, I try to understand how the works on imperfect competition improve this field. This is why I progressively review the contributions of the standard monopoly theory, of the monopolistic competition approach and of the standard general equilibrium theory. Several models are presented in this paper in which I progressively increase the degree of rationality of price maker by moving from a subjective to an objective perception of the demand. In each case, I also briefly discuss the existence conditions.
Les modèles macroéconomiques de concurrence imparfaite sont-ils classiques ou Keynésiens ?
Authors: Bénassy Jean-Pascal
Published: March 2014

Classical and Keynesian Features in Macroeconomic Models of Imperfect Competition For more than fifty years now the two main (and competing) paradigms in macroeconomics have been the classical and Keynesian ones. Since about twenty five years a new paradigm, imperfect competition macroeconomics, has emerged, which avoids the main shortcomings of the two earlier ones. We investigate in this article whether the models in this line of work have more Keynesian or classical properties. For that purpose we construct a simple prototype macroeconomic model with imperfect competition and rational expectations, and study its properties. We find notably that the equilibria of this model have inefficiency properties very similar to those of Keynesian models. The economy, however, reacts to monetary and fiscal policies in a very " classical " manner. Finally normative prescriptions are neither Keynesian nor classical.
Imperfect competition and macroeconomics : Theory and quantitative implications
Authors: Cooper Russell W. , John Andrew
Published: March 2014

This paper evaluates the implications of imperfect competition for macroeconomics. The paper is organized around three sources of shocks : technology, government spending and money. For each, we summarize existing theories and present quantitative evidence on the effects of imperfect competition.
Le tâtonnement "marshallien" dans les premiers écrits d'Oskar Lange
Authors: Lendjel Emeric
Published: March 2014

Cet article revient sur le célèbre article de O. Lange (1936-37) en prenant appui sur ses premiers écrits (Lange 1932, 1935a, 1935b) afin de montrer qu'il développe une représentation originale du processus marchand. Ces premiers articles mettent en lumière deux points méconnus de ses travaux. 1/ Tout d'abord, Lange développe un modèle original décrivant le processus d'ajustement temporel de l'offre dans les secteurs industriels (en complément du diagramme du cobweb se rapportant principalement aux secteurs agricoles). 2/ Cet article montre ensuite que Lange articule ces différents modèles dans le cadre d'une conception originale du tâtonnement. L'article montre que cette conception relève davantage de l'approche marshallienne que de l'approche walrasienne habituelle.
Radiographic and ultrasonographic changes of the patellar ligament following tibial tuberosity advancement in 25 dogs
Authors: Cripps P. , Baker M. , Hattersley R. , Lorenz N. , McConnell F. , Pettitt R.
Published: March 2014

Introduction: Patellar ligament thickening is a recognized response following osteotomy of the proximal tibia as a treatment for cranial cruciate disease. In humans this is seen as a response to increased loading, but the reason for this thickening in dogs is unclear. A prospective study was undertaken to assess the degree and frequency of patellar ligament desmopathy in 25 consecutive cases undergoing tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA).

Objectives: To determine the incidence of patellar ligament thickening following TTA.

Methods: Consecutive cases undergoing TTA had ultrasonographic and radiographic measurements performed of the patellar ligament, at multiple positions on the ligament. This was performed at the time of surgery, and at six weeks and six months (ultrasound only) following surgery. The radiographic measurements were performed by two reviewers who were blinded to the timeframe of each image.

Results: There was great variation in both the incidence and degree of thickening of the ligament. Fifty percent of the cases showed no changes in the thickness of the patellar ligament. A clinical pain response was not associated with patellar ligament thickening. No statistically significant variables which predicted the development of patellar ligament thickening were identified .

Clinical significance: The presence of signs of patellar ligament thickening is of questionable clinical significance and is probably an incidental finding.
Photoactivation of luminescence in CdS nanocrystals
Authors: Smyntyna Valentyn , Semenenko Bogdan , Skobeeva Valentyna , Malushin Nikolay
Published: March 2014

This paper presents the results of the research on the luminescence of cadmium sulfide nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized by colloid chemistry in a gelatinous matrix. The photostimulation of the short-wavelength emission band with λmax = 480 nm has been detected. It is shown that the determining factor of the photostimulation effect is the adsorption of the water molecules on the surface of NC. The observed effect is explained by the recombination mechanism that is responsible for the short-wavelength emission band.
Thermodynamically stable [4 + 2] cycloadducts of lanthanum-encapsulated endohedral metallofullerenes
Authors: Takano Yuta , Nagashima Yuki , Herranz M Ángeles , Martín Nazario , Akasaka Takeshi
Published: March 2014

The [4 + 2] cycloaddition of o-quinodimethanes, generated in situ from the sultine 4,5-benzo-3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxathiin 2-oxide and its derivative, to La metal-encapsulated fullerenes, La2@C80 or La@C82, afforded the novel derivatives of endohedral metallofullerenes (3a,b, 4a,b and 5b). Molecular structures of the resulting compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods such as MALDI–TOF mass, optical absorption, and NMR spectroscopy. The [4 + 2] adducts of La2@C80 (3a,b, and 4a,b) and La@C82 (5b), respectively, retain diamagnetic and paramagnetic properties, as confirmed by EPR spectroscopy. Dynamic NMR measurements of 4a at various temperatures demonstrated the boat-to-boat inversions of the addend. In addition, 5b revealed remarkable thermal stability in comparison with the reported [4 + 2] cycloadduct of pentamethylcyclopentadiene and La@C82 (6). These findings demonstrate the utility of sultines to afford thermodynamically stable endohedral metallofullerene derivatives for the use in material science.
ATTEMPTS TO REDUCE BIODIESEL BLENDS NOX POLLUTANT EMISSIONS BY ULTRASONIC CONDITIONING
Authors: Mariasiu Florin
Published: March 2014

The conditions imposed by the renewable energy Directive 2009/28/EC make it mandatory for EU member countries to ensure that by 2020 fossil fuels used in the transport sector contain a 10% component of biofuel. The 10% limit is based on results of experiments conducted by engine manufacturers and researchers in the biofuels domain, which show that this percentage can be used in IC engines without major technical changes to equipment and engine systems. Taking into account that increasing the percentage of biodiesel in blends results in significant reductions of CO2 emissions, an immediate way to surpass the 10% limit is to carry out external and/or internal processes that will act on the physico-chemical properties of those biofuels. This paper presents data and results from experiments examining the process of ultrasonic irradiation of rapeseed oil methyl ester type biodiesel. The results show the effects of the irradiation process on biodiesel physical parameters such as density, kinematic viscosity, speed of sound through the medium, and isentropic bulk modulus. The values of these parameters directly influence the operation, performance and pollutant emissions of diesel engines. Primary results obtained demonstrate the possibilities of using what we call here the B25 blend with low-cost procedures and without major technical intervention in the equipment used to construct diesel engines. Two parameters important for the injection process (kinematic viscosity and density) show equal values for B25Us_irr ultrasonically irradiated for 350 seconds and diesel fuel ultrasonically irradiated for 420 seconds. The range of the achieved NOx pollutant emission reduction was between 18.2% for the ultrasonically irradiated blend B25Us_irr (no load) and 1.4% for the ultrasonically irradiated blend B100Us_irr (100% load), when compared with untreated basic biodiesel.
SELECTING A LOCATION FOR A LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS TERMINAL IN THE EASTERN BALTIC SEA
Authors: Bagočius Vygantas , Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras , Turskis Zenonas
Published: March 2014

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) industry is among the fastest growing energy market sectors. The gas terminal in Klaipėda allows Lithuania to import natural gas from various countries around the world. One of the most debatable subjects is the location of the future terminal. The problem pertaining to selection of construction sites for the LNG terminal should be investigated and solved using the set of multiple conflicting criteria. Many researchers argue that similar problems should be solved by applying several different Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. The research presents the model for application of three different MCDM methods and aggregation of solution results for the problem, which is based both on different objective data and on investigation of expert opinions for determining subjective criteria weights for the problem.
INVESTIGATING EFFECTIVE WAYFINDING IN AIRPORTS: A BAYESIAN NETWORK APPROACH
Authors: Farr Anna Charisse , Kleinschmidt Tristan , Johnson Sandra , Yarlagadda Prasad K. D. V. , Mengersen Kerrie
Published: March 2014

Effective wayfinding is the successful interplay of human and environmental factors resulting in a person successfully moving from their current position to a desired location in a timely manner. To date this process has not been modelled to reflect this interplay. This paper proposes a complex modelling system approach of wayfinding by using Bayesian Networks to model this process, and applies the model to airports. The model suggests that human factors have a greater impact on effective wayfinding in airports than environmental factors. The greatest influences on human factors are found to be the level of spatial anxiety experienced by travellers and their cognitive and spatial skills. The model also predicted that the navigation pathway that a traveller must traverse has a larger impact on the effectiveness of an airport’s environment in promoting effective wayfinding than the terminal design.
La zone euro écartelée
Authors: Antonin Céline , Blot Christophe , Le Bayon Sabine , Schweisguth Danielle
Published: March 2014

Après six trimestres de baisse, la zone euro a renoué avec une croissance positive au deuxième trimestre 2013, le PIB progressant de 0,3 %. À l’exception du secteur de la construction, les enquêtes de conjoncture sont mieux orientées, confirmant le retour d’une croissance positive dans les prochains trimestres sur l’ensemble de la zone. La confiance des marchés est revenue, comme en témoigne la poursuite de la baisse des taux souverains en Espagne en Italie. Un mouvement de convergence semble d’ailleurs amorcé puisque dans le même temps les taux sur la dette souveraine allemande et française ont augmenté. Les risques de crise de liquidité dans la zone euro semblent aussi s’atténuer. Le guichet de la BCE reste ouvert et les demandes de refinancement diminuent progressivement. La crainte d’un éclatement de la zone euro étant écartée, les principales menaces qui pourraient contrarier le retour de la croissance dans la zone euro résident dans la poursuite de l’ajustement budgétaire. Pour autant, il est encore prématuré d’affirmer que la zone euro est sortie de la récession. La poursuite, même à un moindre rythme, de la consolidation conjuguée aux pressions à la baisse des salaires en lien avec le niveau élevé du chômage pèsera sur le pouvoir d’achat des ménages dans la plupart des pays. Il ne devrait donc pas y avoir de reprise par la consommation, en dehors du cas particulier de l’Allemagne. La croissance sera insuffisante pour combler l’écart de croissance qui s’est creusé et réduire les divergences qui sont apparues dans la zone euro. Les pressions déflationnistes dans les pays du sud de l’Europe restent fortes, ce qui contraint le pouvoir d’achat et la consommation des ménages, en particulier les agents les plus endettés qui doivent faire face à leurs échéances. Dans ces conditions, la zone euro restera écartelée entre une fraction de pays où la crise laisse peu de traces et une autre durablement affaiblie économiquement, financièrement et socialement.
France : moins d'austérité, plus de croissance
Authors: Heyer Éric , Cochard Marion , Ducoudré Bruno , Péléraux Hervé
Published: March 2014

En 2013, l’économie française devrait croître de 0,2 % en moyenne annuelle, ce qui lui permettrait de retrouver en fin d’année le niveau de production atteint six ans plus tôt, fin 2007. Cette performance médiocre est très éloignée du chemin qu’aurait dû normalement emprunter une économie en sortie de crise. Cinq ans après le début de la crise, le potentiel de rebond de l’économie française est important. Mais cette « reprise » a été freinée principalement par les plans d’économies budgétaires en France et dans l’ensemble des pays européens. Pour la seule année 2013, cette stratégie budgétaire aura amputé de 2,4 points de PIB l’activité en France. La prise de conscience de l’existence de multiplicateurs budgétaires élevés a été tardive, une fois que l’expérience de l’austérité eût produit ses effets sur la croissance. En mai 2013, elle a poussé les autorités européennes à étaler l’effort en prolongeant le délai imparti pour la correction du déficit excessif de six pays de l’Union, dont la France. L’allègement des exigences de la Commission offre un ballon d’oxygène au gouvernement pour atténuer l’austérité en 2014. Selon le budget présenté à l’automne 2013, l’effet interne de l’austérité s’atténuerait de 0,5 point entre 2013 et 2014, et dans la mesure où nos partenaires relâcheraient également leur restriction, une amélioration de la demande adressée à la France est anticipée. Au total, c’est près d’un point de croissance qui serait regagné en 2014 par rapport à 2013 grâce à l’allègement de la rigueur. Dans ces conditions, la croissance devrait être de 1,3 % en 2014 en moyenne annuelle, rythme trop faible pour envisager une amélioration du marché du travail. Le taux de chômage en France métropolitaine augmenterait légèrement pour s’établir à 10,9 % fin 2014. Il s’élèverait à 11,4 % pour la France entière. La contrepartie à l’allègement de la rigueur est un déficit public plus élevé que celui qui avait été initialement programmé. Il devrait s’établir à 3,5 % du PIB en 2014 après avoir atteint 4,1 % en 2013.
“Pure Hawaiian Blood” as a Criteria for Formation of Group of Hawaiian Natives
Authors: V. Godina Vesna
Published: March 2014

Besedilo primerja dva različna načina uporabe koncepta »čista havajska kri« v današnji havajski družbi: prvi je utemeljen na Hawaiian Homes Commission Act in ga uveljavlja havajska država, drugega prakticirajo havajski staroselci. Pokazala bom, kako sta ti rabi istega koncepta povezani z dvema skupinama različnih, celo izključujočih se družbenih in političnih praks: najprej s praksami segregacije in asimilacije, ki jih nad havajskimi staroselci izvaja današnja havajska država, in drugič s praksami revitalizacije in emancipacije, ki jih prakticirajo havajski staroselci. V besedilu so uporabljeni empirični podatki, ki jih je avtorica zbrala pri terenskem delu na Havajih.
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The article compares two different uses of the concept of “pure Hawaiian blood” in contemporary Hawaiian society: one based on the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act and practiced by the contemporary Hawaiian state; and the second one practiced by the Hawaiian native population not only in contemporary Hawaiian society, but also among various groups of Hawaiian native population in the USA. I will demonstrate that these two uses of the same concept are connected with two different, incompatible social and political practices. The first is a practice of segregation and assimilation, implemented by the Hawaiian state. The second practice is one of revitalization and emancipation, which is observed by Hawaiian natives. In this study I will use data collected during my field work on Hawai’i (January 2003-December 2003).
Banks and People in the Development Process
Authors: Sengupta Atanu , De Sanjoy
Published: March 2014

Economic development is crucially an end product of mobilizing dormant savings into the fragrance of a new life - what is commonly called as investment. Banks play a crucial role in this channelization. In an underdeveloped economy like India, there are many traditional avenues of savings (such as gold, land, livestock, real estate, and so on). There may be many motives why people opt for traditional avenues rather than formal banking. The traditional avenues are believed to be more trustworthy and down to earth. The strict rules and stereotyped functioning of the formal banks can make them uncomfortable to the people in the underdeveloped areas. Thus, a huge fund in India is caught in the web of informal banking streams. This chapter seeks to understand how far and to what extent these changes have occurred in India. First, the authors consider a case study from rural India that depicts disparate banking behavior of rural populace. Next, they use district level data on banking habits across all the states of India. The authors first note the pattern and distribution of banking habits of people across the subcontinent. They then try to assess the reasons behind such discrepancy.
Pro-Poor Development through Tourism in Economically Backward Tribal Region of Odisha, India
Authors: Biswas Soumendra Nath
Published: March 2014

In India, tourism plays an important role in economic development and creation of jobs. The Approach Paper of the 12th Five Year Plan prepared by the Planning Commission highlights the need to adopt “pro-poor tourism” for increasing net benefits to the poor and ensuring that tourism growth contributes to poverty eradication. Tourism plays a key role in socio-economic progress through creation of jobs, enterprise, infrastructure, and revenue earnings. The Planning Commission has identified tourism as the second largest sector in the country in providing employment opportunities for low-skilled workers. Odisha has a large tribal population: out of India's 427 Scheduled Tribes, Odisha accounts for 62 tribal communities who constitute 27.08 percent of the state's population (2001). Of the 62 Scheduled Tribes, the state has declared 11 tribal communities as Primitive Tribal Groups. Each of these tribal communities is rich in social institutions and poor in economy. Achieving poverty eradication requires actions on a variety of complementary fronts and scales, but a prerequisite of significant progress is pro-poor growth – growth that benefits the poor tribal community. This chapter explores these.
Food Tour of India
Authors: Dash Manoj Kumar
Published: March 2014

A food tour of any country is not generated overnight. It is the result of increasing taste of tourists while visiting any destination. No one carries food for the longer tour to any destination. On the spot encounters with foods of the region makes a tourist remember and pass on the information to his acquaintances. Thus, food tourism develops, and the stakeholder becomes proud of their regional foods. It exists in all the places of India, which is varied with vast variety. Culture of a particular region is maintained due to the prevailing food, which reflects in terms of other social activities. This chapter is an attempt to focus food as a destination development in India. Various Indian foods by different communities are an attraction for food lovers and connoisseurs.
Analysis of Human Resource in India over Last Three Decades in the Perspective of Society, Inequality, and Poverty
Authors: Ganguly Debdas , Kundu Kaushik
Published: March 2014

The ideological aspects relating to the social framework of the Indian society have a tremendous appeal for the majority of the people. Some modifications occasionally have been the cause of unequal and uneven distribution of social causes, natural resources, national scopes, benefits, and opportunities. The population demography has a mixed nature of composition consisting of weaker to stronger in respect of education, affluence, cast construct, political and social status, etc., and consequently, it created two groups of people in the society – a group under the umbrella of exploitation, poverty, and insecurity, and the other being the reverse. This weaker section lying under the envelope of poverty developed because of this inequality, and it has been a permanent cause of adversities in Human Resource prospects in India. Human Resource is not an ordinary resource like money or material, but a resource to make all other resources usefully usable. This Human Resource needs to come through suitable scopes and opportunities so that they can develop themselves as required in the process of Human Resource planning. This chapter is an attempt to identify the real-life situation in this respect in India during the last three decades.
Gap Analysis and Infrastructure Requirement for Tourism Development in the State of West Bengal
Authors: Das Dillip Kumar , Ray Nilanjan
Published: March 2014

The rural tourism concept has become one of the vital issues of economic and social benefits to the society. This study identifies the problems and prospects of rural tourism in the state of West Bengal. The primary objectives of this study include an exploration of the development and emergence of rural tourism in the state of West Bengal, analysis of the tourism gap at Bishnupur, examination of the existing as well as future requirement of tourism infrastructure of Bishnupur, and the promotion and marketing of Bishnupur as an important rural tourism destination in Indian Scenario. For the fulfillment of the basic objectives, data for the study were collected through field survey. Information about the profile of tourism industry includes hotels, guest houses, number of rooms, number of persons employed, etc., as well as the profile of the tourists. The collected data has been analyzed using different statistical methods, Wilcoxon Pair Ranked Model used for Gap analysis. This study indicates how to develop and upgrade the rural tourism destinations by proper utilization of tourism infrastructural amenities in the area as well as active participation by public private initiatives and local resource utilization. This study is relevant for balancing the demand and supply of tourism infrastructural requirement indicators, which can offer service excellence.
Industrial Disputes in Sugar Industry
Authors: Dubey Ajit Dhar
Published: March 2014

Labour and management conflict in numerous ways in the course of their day. The interests of the two are in many ways opposed to each other. Conflicts are inevitable in the course of interactions, and the labour management relationship is also not accepted. We cannot eradicate conflicts, as they are inherent in the system of industrial life. Marx considered industry conflict as a part of the broader social conflict between classes. Human relation specialists consider the source of conflict to be the tendency as industrial society to treat the workers as isolated individuals and deprive them of all control over their environments. Pluralists consider unequal distribution of power and privilege to be the source conflict. Whatever the source of conflict, all agree that until now we have failed to evolve any system free of conflict for the socialized industry. In addition, it has been commented that it presents problems no less stubborn than those of the old, and there is no system without “contradiction.” In a system, conflicts are bound to take place; an early solution would be beneficial to us all. This chapter explores this conflict.
Managing Customer Knowledge in Service Economy
Authors: Pandey Satyendra C. , Shukla Mahendra Kumar , Maurya Upendra K.
Published: March 2014

In the age of service and knowledge economy, firms have realized that obtaining, managing, and sharing customer knowledge can be a valuable resource to have advantages over their competitors. However, the review of the literature of Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) area suggests that firms often fail in applying the true notion of CKM, thinking it only as a new technological innovation related to IT. Moreover, the terms Knowledge Management (KM), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) are not well differentiated in the extant academic literature. This chapter aims to present a conceptual differentiation between these terms by analyzing and comparing the various components of KM, CRM, and CKM. The effort has been made in the chapter to map CKM practices in the Indian service market by presenting case studies of two Indian commercial banks. The authors also made an attempt to propose a conceptual framework of CKM, which can be applied in service firms to successfully implement CKM practices in their organizations.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Promotes Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Functional Migratory Properties in NOD Mice
Authors: Ferreira Gabriela B. , Gysemans Conny A. , Demengeot Jocelyne , da Cunha João Paulo M. C. M. , Vanherwegen An-Sofie , Overbergh Lut , Van Belle Tom L. , Pauwels Femke , Verstuyf Annemieke , Korf Hannelie , Mathieu Chantal
Published: March 2014

The biologically active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], is able to promote the generation of tolerogenic mature dendritic cells (mDCs) with an impaired ability to activate autoreactive T cells. These cells could represent a reliable tool for the promotion or restoration of Ag-specific tolerance through vaccination strategies, for example in type 1 diabetes patients. However, successful transfer of 1,25(OH)2D3-treated mDCs (1,25D3-mDCs) depends on the capacity of 1,25(OH)2D3 to imprint a similar tolerogenic profile in cells derived from diabetes-prone donors as from diabetes-resistant donors. In this study, we examined the impact of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the function and phenotype of mDCs originating from healthy (C57BL/6) and diabetes-prone (NOD) mice. We show that 1,25(OH)2D3 is able to imprint a phenotypic tolerogenic profile on DCs derived from both mouse strains. Both NOD- and C57BL/6-derived 1,25D3-mDCs decreased the proliferation and activation of autoreactive T cells in vitro, despite strain differences in the regulation of cytokine/chemokine expression. In addition, 1,25D3-mDCs from diabetes-prone mice expanded CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and induced intracellular IL-10 production by T cells in vitro. Furthermore, 1,25D3-mDCs exhibited an intact functional migratory capacity in vivo that favors homing to the liver and pancreas of adult NOD mice. More importantly, when cotransferred with activated CD4+ T cells into NOD.SCID recipients, 1,25D3-mDCs potently dampened the proliferation of autoreactive donor T cells in the pancreatic draining lymph nodes. Altogether, these results argue for the potential of 1,25D3-mDCs to restore Ag-specific immune tolerance and arrest autoimmune disease progression in vivo.
Interplay between CXCR2 and BLT1 Facilitates Neutrophil Infiltration and Resultant Keratinocyte Activation in a Murine Model of Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis
Authors: Sumida Hayakazu , Yanagida Keisuke , Kita Yoshihiro , Abe Jun , Matsushima Kouji , Nakamura Motonao , Ishii Satoshi , Sato Shinichi , Shimizu Takao
Published: March 2014

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease with accelerated epidermal cell turnover. Neutrophil accumulation in the skin is one of the histological characteristics of psoriasis. However, the precise mechanism and role of neutrophil infiltration remain largely unknown. In this article, we show that orchestrated action of CXCR2 and leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1 plays a key role in neutrophil recruitment during the development of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic skin lesions in mice. Depletion of neutrophils with anti–Ly-6G Ab ameliorated the disease severity, along with reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the skin. Furthermore, CXCR2 and BLT1 coordinately promote neutrophil infiltration into the skin during the early phase of IMQ-induced inflammation. In vitro, CXCR2 ligands augment leukotriene B4 production by murine neutrophils, which, in turn, amplifies chemokine-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis via BLT1 in autocrine and/or paracrine manners. In agreement with the increased IL-19 expression in IMQ-treated mouse skin, IL-1β markedly upregulated expression of acanthosis-inducing cytokine IL-19 in human keratinocytes. We propose that coordination of chemokines, lipids, and cytokines with multiple positive feedback loops might drive the pathogenesis of psoriasis and, possibly, other inflammatory diseases as well. Interference to this positive feedback or its downstream effectors could be targets of novel anti-inflammatory treatment.
The use of Computer Guided Implant Surgery in Oral Rehabilitation: A Literature Review
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Bandéca Matheus Coelho , Mascarenhas Vinicius Ibiapina , Tavares Lívia Jacovassi , Mendes Lara Maria Ferreira
Published: March 2014

The virtual planning of dental implants is a technology that brings many benefits to practitioners and patients who undergo a prosthetic rehabilitation. The cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) produces high-resolution images allowing to implant a breakthrough in preoperative planning, making planning more accurate. The virtually guided surgery is a surgery planned based computers in a 3D anatomical model of the patient and transferred to the surgical procedure through guides built especially for this purpose. The objective of this study is to report the current concepts in the literature on virtually guided surgery, emphasizing its applicability, indications and benefits in prosthetic rehabilitation with dental implants. Thus, it was concluded that the technique of guided surgery represents an advance in the field of implantology significantly decreasing errors, bringing good results postoperative and increasing predictability of the results, one technique suitable for various cases.

How to cite this article

Mascarenhas VI, de Molon RS, Tavares LJ, Mendes LMF, Tonetto MR, Bandeca MC. The use of Computer Guided Implant Surgery in Oral Rehabilitation: A Literature Review. World J Dent 2014;5(1):60-63.
Talons Cusp: A Report of Seven Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Radhika MB , Paremala K , Sudhakara M , Soumya M
Published: March 2014

Talon cusp is a well-delineated additional cusp which is located on the surface of an anterior tooth. Histologically it is composed of normal enamel, dentin and a pulp tissue. It is been classified into various types based on its extension and shape of the cusp. This anomaly generally poses problems for the patient in terms of esthetics, caries control and occlusal accommodation. Seven new cases of talon cusp with different clinical presentations are being presented along with approved diagnostic criteria.

How to cite this article

Radhika MB, Paremala K, Sudhakara M, Soumya M. Talons Cusp: A Report of Seven Cases and Review of Literature. World J Dent 2014;5(1):76-79.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
Authors: Mahajan Nalini
Published: March 2014

ART is proven of great help to all the infertile couples anxious to get pregnant, but is not free of side effects and complications. OHSS one of the most important complication especially in cases of PCOS. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a potentially fatal complication of ovarian stimulation. The incidence has been estimated at 3 to 6% for moderate and 0.1 to 2% for severe OHSS. The trigger for initiation of OHSS appears to be human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). In conception cycles symptoms may persist longer due to endogenous hCG stimulus. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a member of the transforming growth factor superfamily, has emerged as one of the factors most likely involved in the pathophysiology of OHSS. There are various risk factors which increases the risk of developing OHSS during the stimulation like PCOS, low body weight, previous history of OHSS, etc. Primary and secondary preventive measures are been tried to reduce the risk of developing OHSS. GnRHa trigger in patients at risk revealed that incidence OHSS was reduced or totally eliminated. Use of antagonist cycle with an agonist trigger and elective vitrification of all embryos allows us to aim for an ‘OHSS Free’ clinic today.

How to cite this article

Mahajan N. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome. Int J Infertility Fetal Med 2013;4(3):71-78.
Long-range memory in millennium-long ESM and AOGCM experiments
Authors: Østvand L. , Nilsen T. , Rypdal K. , Divine D. , Rypdal M.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature records from a reconstruction and a number of millennium-long climate model experiments are investigated for long-range memory (LRM). The models are two Earth system models and two atmospheric-ocean general circulation models. The periodogram, detrended fluctuation analysis and wavelet variance analysis are applied to examine scaling properties and to estimate a scaling exponent of the temperature records. A simple linear model for the climate response to external forcing is also applied to the reconstruction and the forced climate model runs, and then compared to unforced control runs to extract the LRM generated by internal dynamics of the climate system. With one exception the climate models show strong persistent scaling with power spectral densities of the form S(f) ~ f−β with 0.8 < β < 1 on time scales from years to several centuries. This is somewhat stronger persistence than found in the reconstruction (β ≈ 0.7). The exception is the HadCM3 model, which exhibits β ≈ 0.6. We find no indication that LRM found in these model runs are induced by external forcing, which suggests that LRM on sub-decadal to century time scales in NH mean temperatures is a property of the internal dynamics of the climate system. Temperature records for a local site, Reykjanes Ridge, are also studied, showing that strong persistence is found also for local ocean temperature.
Velocity and concentration profiles of saline and turbidity currents flowing in a straight channel under quasi-uniform conditions
Authors: Stagnaro M. , Bolla Pittaluga M.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. We present a series of detailed experimental observations of saline and turbidity currents flowing in a straight channel. Experiments are performed by continuously feeding the channel with a dense mixture until a quasi-steady configuration is obtained. The flume, 12 m long, is characterized by a concrete fixed bed with a uniform slope of 0.005. Longitudinal velocity profiles are measured in ten cross sections, 1 m apart, employing an ultrasound Doppler velocity profiler. We also measure the density of the mixture using a rake of siphons sampling at different heights from the bottom in order to obtain the vertical density distributions in a cross section where the flow already attained a quasi-uniform configuration. We performed 27 experiments changing the flow discharge, the fractional excess density, the character of the current (saline or turbidity) and the roughness of the bed in order to observe the consequences of these variations on the vertical velocity profiles and on the overall characteristics of the flow. Dimensionless velocity profiles under quasi-uniform flow conditions were obtained by scaling longitudinal velocity with its depth averaged value and the vertical coordinate with the flow thickness. They turned out to be influenced by the Reynolds number of the flow, by the relative bed roughness, and by the presence of sediment in suspension. Unexpectedly, the densimetric Froude number of the current turned out to have no influence on the dimensionless velocity profiles.
Landslide observation and volume estimation in central Georgia based on L-band InSAR
Authors: Nikolaeva E. , Walter T.R. , Shirzaei M. , Zschau J.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. The republic of Georgia is a mountainous and tectonically active area that is vulnerable to landslides. Because landslides are one of the most devastating natural hazards, their detection and monitoring is of great importance. In this study we report on a previously unknown landslide in central Georgia near the town of Sachkhere. We used a set of Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) data to generate displacement maps using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). We detected a sliding zone of dimensions 2 km north–south by 0.6 km east–west that threatens four villages. We estimated surface displacement of up to ∼30 cm/yr over the sliding body in the satellite line-of-sight (LOS) direction, with the largest displacement occurring after a local tectonic earthquake. We mapped the morphology of the landslide mass by aerial photography and field surveying. We found a complex set of interacting processes, including surface fracturing, shear and normal faults at both the headwall and the sides of the landslide, local landslide velocity changes, earthquake-induced velocity peaks, and loss in toe support due to mining activity. Important implications that are applicable elsewhere can be drawn from this study of coupled processes. We used inverse dislocation modelling to find a possible dislocation plane resembling the landslide basal décollement, and we used that plane to calculate the volume of the landslide. The results suggest a décollement at ∼120 m depth, dipping at ∼10° sub-parallel to the surface, which is indicative of a translational-type landslide.
A Genetic Algorithm on Inventory Routing Problem
Authors: Aydın Nevin
Published: March 2014

Inventory routing problem can be defined as forming the routes to serve to the retailers from the manufacturer, deciding on the quantity of the shipment to the retailers and deciding on the timing of the replenishments. The difference of inventory routing problems from vehicle routing problems is the consideration of the inventory positions of retailers and supplier, and making the decision accordingly. Inventory routing problems are complex in nature and they can be solved either theoretically or using a heuristics method. Metaheuristics is an emerging class of heuristics that can be applied to combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, we provide the relationship between vendor-managed inventory and inventory routing problem. The proposed genetic for solving vehicle routing problem is described in detail.
Heuristic Clustering Algorithms in Ad hoc Networks
Authors: Aydın Nevin
Published: March 2014

The clustering allows dividing the geographical region to be covered into small zones in which each zone can be handled with a powerful node called clusterhead. The clusterheads have direct communication link with each of its members whereas the member nodes of a cluster must go through the clusterhead to communicate with each other. Since choosing clusterheads optimally is an NP-hard problem, existing solutions to this problem are based on heuristic (mostly greedy) approaches. In this paper, we present three well-known heuristic clustering algorithms: the Lowest-ID, the Highest-Degree, and the Node-Weight.
The Relationship Between the Budget Deficit and Current Account Deficit in Turkey
Authors: Erdoğan Seyfettin , Yıldırım Durmuş Çağrı
Published: March 2014

One of the most debated topics in Economics literature is the relation between budget deficit and current account deficit. The data obtained from the presence of this kind of relation is leading for policy makers in terms of determining the quality of the policy to be preferred and the economic policy to be pursued. In this study, the relation between budget deficit and current account deficit in Turkey is analyzed for 2001Q2-2012Q2 period. According to the data obtained, budget deficit has negative and statistically meaningful effect on current account balance. On the other hand, budget deficit has negative effect on current account balance in short terms.
Fashion as a Marketing Tool and Its Communication Aspect in Developing Markets
Authors: Alpat Fatma Engin , Aksu Yusuf Ziya
Published: March 2014

In this article the idenfication of a fashion product, its variability and the analyses of fashion as an industrial design will be discussed within the framework of fashion product marketing. The process of product creation is closely related to the economic, sociological and psychological factors considered, hence, sociologists and trend setters are working together because the concept of fashion product should be viewed as a determiner of status and power of a certain community. Each group within the community should be defined within a certain status and therefore each status corresponds to a relevant fashion concept. The survival of the fashion designers within the industrial sector could only be plausable if fashion is firstly analyzed conceptually and then applied separately to each group of the community.
Fine Atmospheric Particles from Agricultural Practices in Flanders: From Emissions to Health Effects and Limit Values
Authors: Buekers Jurgen , Deutsch Felix , Veldeman Nele , Janssen Stijn , Panis Luc Int
Published: March 2014

Agriculture can influence air quality via emissions of ammonia, soil dust and soot. These can be emitted into the atmosphere during farming practices, and contribute in different amounts to the total emissions and concentrations of air particulate matter (PM). The exact contribution of Flemish agricultural emissions to total air PM concentrations and to negative health effects are not well known. In this paper, agricultural emissions in Flanders and the processes leading to secondary PM are reviewed, together with their associated health effects. Agricultural ammonia emissions are a major contributor to local formation of secondary PM, and can increase above normal levels during some smog episodes. From a health perspective, secondary PM formed by ammonia is considered less important. Epidemiological studies suggest that combustion-related particles are the cause of negative health effects, although a reduction in ammonia emissions would reduce acidification and eutrophication of ecosystems. The World Health Organization currently considers PM2.5 as the best indicator for assessing human health effects. Setting an additional limit value for combustion-related particles would target potentially more harmful particles.