bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of a Zinc(II) Complex with Mixed 4‐Hydroxypyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic Acid and 1,3‐Bis(4‐pyridyl)propane Tectons
Authors: Wang Yu‐Fang , Chen Jun‐Qing , Geng Jun‐Lei
Published: June 2014

The metal‐organic framework {[Zn2(CAM)(μ2‐OH)(bpp)]·2H2O}n (1) [H3CAM = 4‐hydroxypyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid, bpp = 1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane], was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 presents a three dimensional self‐penetrating 8‐connected framework with the Schläfli symbol 420.53.65. In addition, the fluorescent properties and thermal stability of 1 were discussed as well.
Laparoscopic vs. Open Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Cirrhotic Liver: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Memeo Riccardo , de’Angelis Nicola , Compagnon Philippe , Salloum Chady , Cherqui Daniel , Laurent Alexis , Azoulay Daniel
Published: June 2014

Background

Laparoscopic liver resection is considered a safe and feasible alternative to open surgery for malignant liver lesions. However, laparoscopic surgery in cirrhotic patients remains challenging. The aim of this retrospective case–control study was to compare morbidity, mortality, and long‐term patient survival between laparoscopic liver resections (LLR) and open liver resections (OLR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with histologically proven cirrhosis.

Methods

A total of 45 patients treated with LLR were matched by cause of cirrhosis, Child‐Pugh score, type of surgical resection (subsegmentectomy, segmentectomy, and bisegmentectomy), tumor number, tumor size, and alpha‐fetoprotein value with 45 patients treated with OLR. Pre‐, intra‐, and post‐operative variables were compared between groups.

Results

Compared with OLR, the LLR group displayed a significantly shorter operative time (140 vs. 180 min; p = 0.02), shorter hospital stay (7 vs. 12 days; p < 0.0001), and lower morbidity rate (20 vs. 45 % of patients; p = 0.01). A higher rate of R0 resection was observed in the LLR group than in the OLR group (95 vs. 85 %; p = 0.03). Postoperative ascites was more frequently observed in the OLR group (18 vs. 2 %; p = 0.01). Mortality, patient, and disease‐free survival rates were similar between groups. The 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐year survival rates were 88, 59, and 12 %, respectively, in the LLR group and 63, 44, and 22 % in the OLR group (p = 0.27).

Conclusions

Significantly shorter operative times, better resection margins, lower postoperative complications, and shorter hospital stay were observed in the LLR group compared with the OLR group. LLR and OLR have similar overall and disease‐free survival rates in cirrhotic HCC patients.
Hydrological Modeling of Large river Basins: How Much is Enough?
Authors: Johnston Robyn , Smakhtin Vladimir
Published: June 2014

Hydrological modeling is an indispensable component of water resources research and management in large river basins. There is a tendency for each new group working in a basin to develop their own model, resulting in a plethora of such tools for each major basin. The question then becomes: how much modeling is enough? This study reviews hydrological modeling in four large basins (Nile, Mekong, Ganges and Indus). Based on this review, four areas for action to improve effectiveness and reduce duplication in hydrological modeling of large basins are suggested. Model setups and input data, as well as model results, should be published, to allow more coordinated approaches and capitalize on past modeling efforts. More focus is needed on reporting uncertainty, to allow more realistic assessment of the degree of confidence in using results for policy and management. Initiatives are needed to improve the quantity and quality of data for model input, calibration and validation, both traditional hydrological monitoring (improved networks, expansion of automated systems) and new methods for data collection (remote sensing, crowd-sourcing and community based observations). Finally, within each major basin, an appropriate agency should be identified and resourced to take responsibility for data sharing and coordination, to reduce redundancy of effort and promote collaboration.
Novel Biobased Nonionic Surfactants: Synthesis, Surface Activity and Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency Against Aluminum Alloy Dissolution in Acidic Media
Authors: Negm Nabel A. , El‐Farargy Ahmed F. M. , abdel Halim Essam A. , El‐lboudy Sayed , Ahmed Abd El‐Shafey I.
Published: June 2014

Four nonionic surfactants were prepared from the reaction of propylene oxide with oleic acid, linoleic acid, and the free fatty acid mixture from hydrolysis of jatropha oil. The chemical structures of the prepared surfactants were confirmed using IR and NMR spectroscopy. The surface activities of the prepared surfactants were dependent on the polypropylene oxide chain length and also on the nature of the alkyl chains. The nonionic surfactants were evaluated at different concentrations as corrosion inhibitors against the corrosion of Al 6061 aluminum in 2 M HCl solution. The corrosion inhibition tendencies of the surfactants were completely dependent on the fatty acid ratio in the jatropha oil and also on the polypropylene oxide chain length. The corrosion inhibition efficiencies of the surfactants were correlated to their chemical structure and their surface activities.
Stratification Economics and Grassroots Development: The Case of Low–Income Black Women Workers in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Authors: Bueno Cruz Caridad
Published: June 2014

This article examines the implications of racial, gender, and class stratification on the economic and social opportunities of low-income women, predominantly of African descent, working in the export processing zones and as domestic workers in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Using the foundational precepts of stratification economics, this article provides qualitative empirical data from participant-observation which exemplifies the systematic processes of stratification that women workers experienced and the implications of stratification for social and economic opportunities. I find that intersectional race, class, and gender hierarchy persistent in the midst of a neoliberal market economy. In this case study, intersectional hierarchy serves to devalue the women worker's contributions to the market and suppresses their wages to the benefit of employers but to the detriment of women workers.
MicroRNAs function as cis‐ and trans‐acting modulators of peripheral circadian clocks
Authors: Shende Vikram R. , Kim Sam-Moon , Neuendorff Nichole , Earnest David J.
Published: June 2014

Based on their extracellular expression and targeting of the clock gene Bmal1, miR‐142‐3p and miR‐494 were analyzed for evidence of vesicle‐mediated communication between cells and intracellular functional activity. Our studies demonstrate that: miR‐142‐3p + miR‐494 overexpression decreases endogenous BMAL1 levels, increases the period of Per2 oscillations, and increases extracellular miR‐142‐3p/miR‐494 abundance in conditioned medium; miRNA‐enriched medium increases intracellular expression of miR‐142‐3p and represses Bmal1 3′‐UTR activity in naïve cells; and inhibitors of vesicular trafficking modulate intercellular communication of these miRNAs and ensemble Per2 rhythms. Thus, miR‐142‐3p and miR‐494 may function as cis‐ and trans‐acting signals contributing to local temporal coordination of cell‐autonomous circadian clocks.
Aim24 stabilizes respiratory chain supercomplexes and is required for efficient respiration
Authors: Deckers Markus , Balleininger Martina , Vukotic Milena , Römpler Katharina , Bareth Bettina , Juris Lisa , Dudek Jan
Published: June 2014

The mitochondrial respiratory chain is essential for the conversion of energy derived from the oxidation of metabolites into the membrane potential, which drives the synthesis of ATP. The electron transporting complexes bc1 complex and the cytochrome c oxidase assemble into large supercomplexes, allowing efficient energy transduction. Currently, we have only limited information about what determines the structure of the supercomplex. Here, we characterize Aim24 in baker's yeast as a protein, which is integrated in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is required for the structural integrity of the supercomplex. Deletion of AIM24 strongly affects activity of the respiratory chain and induces a growth defect on non‐fermentable medium. Our data indicate that Aim24 has a function in stabilizing the respiratory chain supercomplexes.
Challenges in quantitative single molecule localization microscopy
Authors: Shivanandan A. , Deschout H. , Scarselli M. , Radenovic A.
Published: June 2014

Single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), which can provide up to an order of magnitude improvement in spatial resolution over conventional fluorescence microscopy, has the potential to be a highly useful tool for quantitative biological experiments. It has already been used for this purpose in varied fields in biology, ranging from molecular biology to neuroscience. In this review article, we briefly review the applications of SMLM in quantitative biology, and also the challenges involved and some of the solutions that have been proposed. Due to its advantages in labeling specificity and the relatively low overcounting caused by photoblinking when photo‐activable fluorescent proteins (PA‐FPs) are used as labels, we focus specifically on Photo‐Activated Localization Microscopy (PALM), even though the ideas presented might be applicable to SMLM in general. Also, we focus on the following three quantitative measurements: single molecule counting, analysis of protein spatial distribution heterogeneity and co‐localization analysis.
Regulation of autophagy: Modulation of the size and number of autophagosomes
Authors: Jin Meiyan , Klionsky Daniel J.
Published: June 2014

Autophagy as a conserved degradation and recycling process in eukaryotic cells, occurs constitutively, but is induced by stress. A fine regulation of autophagy in space, time, and intensity is critical for maintaining normal energy homeostasis and metabolism, and to allow for its therapeutic modulation in various autophagy‐related human diseases. Autophagy activity is regulated in both transcriptional and post‐translational manners. In this review, we summarize the cytosolic regulation of autophagy via its molecular machinery, and nuclear regulation by transcription factors. Specifically, we consider Ume6‐ATG8 and Pho23‐ATG9 transcriptional regulation in detail, as examples of how nuclear transcription factors and cytosolic machinery cooperate to determine autophagosome size and number, which are the two main mechanistic factors through which autophagy activity is regulated.
Enhancing single‐molecule fluorescence with nanophotonics
Authors: Acuna Guillermo , Grohmann Dina , Tinnefeld Philip
Published: June 2014

Single‐molecule fluorescence spectroscopy has become an important research tool in the life sciences but a number of limitations hinder the widespread use as a standard technique. The limited dynamic concentration range is one of the major hurdles. Recent developments in the nanophotonic field promise to alleviate these restrictions to an extent that even low affinity biomolecular interactions can be studied. After motivating the need for nanophotonics we introduce the basic concepts of nanophotonic devices such as zero mode waveguides and nanoantennas. We highlight current applications and the future potential of nanophotonic approaches when combined with biological systems and single‐molecule spectroscopy.
Subtractive hybridization‐mediated analysis of genes and in silico prediction of associated microRNAs under waterlogged conditions in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.)
Authors: Khan Mohammad Suhail , Khraiwesh Basel , Pugalenthi Ganesan , Gupta Ram Sagar , Singh Jyotsnendra , Duttamajumder Sanjoy Kumar , Kapur Raman
Published: June 2014

Sugarcane is an important tropical cash crop meeting 75% of world sugar demand and it is fast becoming an energy crop for the production of bio‐fuel ethanol. A considerable area under sugarcane is prone to waterlogging which adversely affects both cane productivity and quality. In an effort to elucidate the genes underlying plant responses to waterlogging, a subtractive cDNA library was prepared from leaf tissue. cDNA clones were sequenced and annotated for their putative functions. Major groups of ESTs were related to stress (15%), catalytic activity (13%), cell growth (10%) and transport related proteins (6%). A few stress‐related genes were identified, including senescence‐associated protein, dehydration‐responsive family protein, and heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein. A bioinformatics search was carried out to discover novel microRNAs (miRNAs) that can be regulated in sugarcane plants subjected to waterlogging stress. Taking advantage of the presence of miRNA precursors in the related sorghum genome, seven candidate mature miRNAs were identified in sugarcane. The application of subtraction technology allowed the identification of differentially expressed sequences and novel miRNAs in sugarcane under waterlogging stress. The comparative global transcript profiling in sugarcane plants undertaken in this study suggests that proteins associated with stress response, signal transduction, metabolic activity and ion transport play important role in conferring waterlogging tolerance in sugarcane.
A Psychometric Study of the Kinetic-House-Tree-Person Scoring System for People with Psychiatric Disorders in Taiwan
Authors: Li Chih-Ying , Chung Lylnn , Hsiung Ping-Chuan , Chen Tsyr-Jang , Liu Shu-Kai , Pan Ay-Woan
Published: June 2014

Objective/Background

The Kinetic-House-Tree-Person (KHTP) drawing test is widely used by psychiatric occupational therapists in Taiwan; however, very little support has been provided through studies examining its psychometric properties. The aim of the study is to validate a scoring system for the KHTP on a group of people with psychiatric disorders.

Methods

A total of 66 individuals with psychiatric disorders were recruited for this study along with 53 college students as a comparative group. Each participant completed the KHTP test. Half of the individuals with psychiatric disorders (33 people) completed the KHTP again following a 2-week period. The KHTP scoring system contains 54 items representing drawing characteristics. Two independent raters determined the score of the drawings, with the validity and reliability of the KHTP scoring system being subsequently examined by the Rasch and traditional analysis.

Results

The results reveal both validity and unidimensionality of the KHTP scoring system, demonstrating acceptable test—retest reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the scoring system's inter-rater reliability was .76, with significant statistical differences found between the KHTP scores of college students and individuals with psychiatric disorders.

Conclusion

The KHTP scoring system has acceptable construct validity, inter-rater reliability, and test—retest reliability. Because drawing tests have the advantage of expressing nonverbal characteristics, the scoring system should prove to be very useful for those who are unwilling or unable to communicate verbally. This study therefore provides valuable information for clinical application, particularly for the psychiatric rehabilitation professions.
Imaging chronic traumatic brain injury as a risk factor for neurodegeneration
Authors: Little Deborah M. , Geary Elizabeth K. , Moynihan Michael , Alexander Aristides , Pennington Michelle , Glang Patrick , Schulze Evan T. , Dretsch Michael , Pacifico Anthony , Davis Matthew L. , Stevens Alan B. , Huang Jason H.
Published: June 2014

Population‐based studies have supported the hypothesis that a positive history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with an increased incidence of neurological disease and psychiatric comorbidities, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These epidemiologic studies, however, do not offer a clear definition of that risk, and leave unanswered the bounding criteria for greater lifetime risk of neurodegeneration. Key factors that likely mediate the degree of risk of neurodegeneration include genetic factors, significant premorbid and comorbid medical history (e.g. depression, multiple head injuries and repetitive subconcussive impact to the brain, occupational risk, age at injury, and severity of brain injury). However, given the often‐described concerns in self‐report accuracy as it relates to history of multiple TBIs, low frequency of patient presentation to a physician in the case of mild brain injuries, and challenges with creating clear distinctions between injury severities, disentangling the true risk for neurodegeneration based solely on population‐based studies will likely remain elusive. Given this reality, multiple modalities and approaches must be combined to characterize who are at risk so that appropriate interventions to alter progression of neurodegeneration can be evaluated. This article presents data from a study that highlights uses of neuroimaging and areas of needed research in the link between TBI and neurodegenerative disease.
Cognitive changes and dementia risk after traumatic brain injury: Implications for aging military personnel
Authors: Vincent Andrea S. , Roebuck‐Spencer Tresa M. , Cernich Alison
Published: June 2014

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is recognized as an important risk factor for the long‐term cognitive health of military personnel, particularly in light of growing evidence that TBI increases risk for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. In this article, we review the neurocognitive and neuropathologic changes after TBI with particular focus on the potential risk for cognitive decline across the life span in military service members. Implications for monitoring and surveillance of cognition in the aging military population are discussed. Additional studies are needed to clarify the factors that increase risk for later life cognitive decline, define the mechanistic link between these factors and dementia, and provide empirically supported interventions to mitigate the impact of TBI on cognition across the life span.
Alzheimer's Disease prevalence, costs, and prevention for military personnel and veterans
Authors: Sibener Leslie , Zaganjor Ibrahim , Snyder Heather M. , Bain Lisa J. , Egge Robert , Carrillo Maria C.
Published: June 2014

By 2050, more than 13 million Americans of all ages are estimated to be living with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the aggregate costs of care will swell to approximately $1.2 trillion. The rapidly climbing number of those affected with AD includes a growing population of aging military veterans affected who may have an added risk for the disease as a consequence of traumatic brain injury, posttraumatic stress disorder, and/or service‐related injuries. The increasing number of individuals, the long duration of disability, and the rising cost of care for AD and other dementia to our society are important public health challenges facing many older adults. These challenges are further compounded by a burgeoning military veteran population that is much younger, with an increased risk of AD and other dementia, and who may experience decades‐long periods of disability and care. This outlook underscores the critical need for investments in research at the federal and international levels to accelerate the pace of progress in developing breakthrough discoveries that will change the trajectory of AD and related dementia.
Military traumatic brain injury: A review
Authors: Chapman Julie C. , Diaz‐Arrastia Ramon
Published: June 2014

Abtsract

Military mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) differs from civilian injury in important ways. Although mTBI sustained in both military and civilian settings are likely to be underreported, the combat theater presents additional obstacles to reporting and accessing care. The impact of blast forces on the nervous system may differ from nonblast mechanisms, mTBI although studies comparing the neurologic and cognitive sequelae in mTBI survivors have not provided such evidence. However, emotional distress appears to figure prominently in symptoms following military mTBI. This review evaluates the extant literature with an eye towards future research directions.
In vivo tau imaging: Obstacles and progress
Authors: Villemagne Victor L. , Okamura Nobuyuki
Published: June 2014

The military conflicts of the last decade have highlighted the growing problem of traumatic brain injury in combatants returning from the battlefield. The considerable evidence pointing at the accumulation of tau aggregates and its recognition as a risk factor in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease have led to a major effort to develop selective tau ligands that would allow research into the physiopathologic underpinnings of traumatic brain injury and chronic traumatic encephalopathy in military personnel and the civilian population. These tracers will allow new insights into tau pathology in the human brain, facilitating research into causes, diagnosis, and treatment of traumatic encephalopathy and major neurodegenerative dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease and some variants of frontotemporal lobar degeneration, in which tau plays a role. The field of selective tau imaging has to overcome several obstacles, some of them associated with the idiosyncrasies of tau aggregation and others related to radiotracer design. A worldwide effort has focused on the development of imaging agents that will allow selective tau imaging in vivo. Recent progress in the development of these tracers is enabling the noninvasive assessment of the extent of tau pathology in the brain, eventually allowing the quantification of changes in tau pathology over time and its relation to cognitive performance, brain volumetrics, and other biomarkers, as well as assessment of efficacy and patient recruitment for antitau therapeutic trials.
The disease intersection of susceptibility and exposure: Chemical exposures and neurodegenerative disease risk
Authors: Tanner Caroline M. , Goldman Samuel M. , Ross G. Webster , Grate Stephen J.
Published: June 2014

Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron disease, the most common of the late‐life neurodegenerative disorders, are in most cases thought to have complex etiologies. Common features among these disorders include insidious onset, pathological findings of protein aggregates and selected neuronal degeneration, and resulting characteristic clinical syndromes. The number of elders in the United States, including aging veterans, is increasing. Investigation of causes and preventive interventions for neurodegenerative disorders is increasingly relevant. Recent epidemiological and laboratory studies suggest that exposures years or decades before diagnosis can trigger the processes that ultimately result in a neurodegenerative disease. If this is correct, preventive measures may be needed in midlife or earlier. This article will focus on putative risk factors relevant to military service.
How does technological diversity in supplier network drive buyer innovation? Relational process and contingencies
Authors: Gao Gerald Yong , Xie En , Zhou Kevin Zheng
Published: June 2014

External networks provide important knowledge sources of innovation for firms. Drawing on social network theory, this study examines how technological diversity in supplier network influences a focal buyer firm's innovation. The results from a survey of 202 Chinese manufacturing firms and their supplier networks reveal that novel information sharing partially mediates the effect of technological diversity in supplier network on buyer firms’ new product creativity. The positive effect of technological diversity is enhanced by buyer–supplier relational strength but inhibited by supplier network density; competitive intensity positively moderates this effect, and technological turbulence negatively moderates it. These findings provide novel insights into how buyer firms can use their supplier networks to enhance product innovation.
Genes associated with metabolic syndrome predict disease‐free survival in stage II colorectal cancer patients. A novel link between metabolic dysregulation and colorectal cancer
Authors: Vargas Teodoro , Moreno-Rubio Juan , Herranz Jesús , Cejas Paloma , Molina Susana , González-Vallinas Margarita , Ramos Ricardo , Burgos Emilio , Aguayo Cristina , Custodio Ana B. , Reglero Guillermo , Feliu Jaime , Ramírez de Molina Ana
Published: June 2014

Studies have recently suggested that metabolic syndrome and its components increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Both diseases are increasing in most countries, and the genetic association between them has not been fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to assess the association between genetic risk factors of metabolic syndrome or related conditions (obesity, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus type 2) and clinical outcome in stage II colorectal cancer patients. Expression levels of several genes related to metabolic syndrome and associated alterations were analysed by real‐time qPCR in two equivalent but independent sets of stage II colorectal cancer patients. Using logistic regression models and cross‐validation analysis with all tumour samples, we developed a metabolic syndrome‐related gene expression profile to predict clinical outcome in stage II colorectal cancer patients. The results showed that a gene expression profile constituted by genes previously related to metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with clinical outcome of stage II colorectal cancer patients. This metabolic profile was able to identify patients with a low risk and high risk of relapse. Its predictive value was validated using an independent set of stage II colorectal cancer patients. The identification of a set of genes related to metabolic syndrome that predict survival in intermediate‐stage colorectal cancer patients allows delineation of a high‐risk group that may benefit from adjuvant therapy and avoid the toxic and unnecessary chemotherapy in patients classified as low risk. Our results also confirm the linkage between metabolic disorder and colorectal cancer and suggest the potential for cancer prevention and/or treatment by targeting these genes.
Mechanisms of Change in Psychotherapy for People Diagnosed with Schizophrenia: The Role of Narrative Reflexivity in Promoting Recovery
Authors: Greben Melissa , Schweitzer Robert D , Bargenquast Rebecca
Published: June 2014

Narrative reflexivity was investigated as a potential mechanism of therapeutic change during a 12–18 month trial of Metacognitive Narrative Psychotherapy for people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Participants were nine adult clients (8 male, 1 female) aged between 25–65 years (M = 44, SD = 12.76) with a diagnosis of schizophrenia consistent with DSM-IV criteria and seven female provisional psychologists aged between 25–29 years (M = 26.8 years, SD = 1.47 years). Recovery and narrative reflexivity were measured at three time points using the Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS) and the Narrative Processes Coding System (NPCS). Results were reported descriptively due to limited sample size (n = 9). The majority of clients (n = 7) reported an increase in recovery over the course of treatment. For six clients, an overall increase in recovery was associated with an increase in narrative reflexivity. This study provides preliminary support for narrative reflexivity as a potential mechanism of therapeutic change in the psychotherapy of people diagnosed with schizophrenia.
State Sovereignty and International Human Rights
Authors: Donnelly Jack
Published: June 2014

I am skeptical of our ability to predict, or even forecast, the future—of human rights or any other important social practice. Nonetheless, an understanding of the paths that have brought us to where we are today can facilitate thinking about the future. Thus, I approach the topic by examining the reshaping of international ideas and practices of state sovereignty and human rights since the end of World War II. I argue that in the initial decades after the war, international society constructed an absolutist conception of exclusive territorial jurisdiction that was fundamentally antagonistic to international human rights. At the same time, though, human rights were for the first time included among the fundamental norms of international society. And over the past two decades, dominant understandings of sovereignty have become less absolutist and more human rights–friendly, a trend that I suggest is likely to continue to develop, modestly, in the coming years.
Singularity Analysis Via the Iterated Kernel Method
Authors: MELCZER STEPHEN , MISHNA MARNI
Published: June 2014

In the quarter plane, five lattice path models with unit steps have resisted the otherwise general approach featured in recent works by Fayolle, Kurkova and Raschel. Here we consider these five models, called the singular models, and prove that the univariate generating functions marking the number of walks of a given length are not D-finite. Furthermore, we provide exact and asymptotic enumerative formulas for the number of such walks, and describe an efficient algorithm for exact enumeration.
Spectrum of cyanotic congenital heart disease diagnosed by echocardiographic evaluation in patients attending paediatric cardiology clinic of a tertiary cardiac care centre
Authors: Patra Soumya , Rama Sastry Usha M. K. , Mahimaiha J. , Subramanian Anand P. , Shankarappa Ravindranath K. , Nanjappa Manjunath C.
Published: June 2014

Background:Cyanotic CHD comprises up to 25% of cases of all causes of CHD.Rationale:There is lack of data about the present spectrum of congenital cyanotic heart disease in the paediatric age group.Objective:The present study was undertaken to determine the spectrum of patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease in the paediatric age group in tertiary paediatric cardiac care clinic.Design:Prospective observational study.Setting:Paediatric cardiac clinic of a tertiary cardiac care centre.Methods:All children aged 0–18 years with suspected cyanotic CHD were provisionally included in this study. They underwent a thorough echocardiographic evaluation, and those patients who had definitive diagnosis of congenital cyanotic heart disease were included for final analysis.Results:A total of 119 children met the inclusion criteria. Tetralogy of Fallot and its variant were the most common congenital cyanotic heart disease with proportion of about 44%. Other common malformations were double outlet right ventricle (14%), pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (8%), total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (7%), d-transposition of the great arteries (9%), tricuspid valve anomalies − tricuspid atresia and Ebstein’s anomaly − hypoplastic left-heart syndrome, truncus arteriosus, and complex CHD such as single ventricle.Conclusion:Tetralogy of Fallot and its variants were the most common cyanotic heart disease diagnosed in our patients. As there were a significant proportion of cases with complex cyanotic CHD, paediatric cardiologists should be familiar with the diagnosis and management of all these complex congenital malformations of the heart.
Short-term renal support in postoperative repair of tetralogy of Fallot in the paediatric intensive care unit: can we predict those who need it?
Authors: Griksaitis Michael J. , Kemp Rebekah R. , Dyer Robert J. , Gnanapragasam James P. , Viola Nicola , Macintosh Iain , Sykes Kim
Published: June 2014

Introduction

Fluid balance and renal function can be difficult to manage in the postoperative infant with tetralogy of Fallot. High fluid volumes are often needed to maintain cardiac output.

Aims

To stratify patients at risk for advanced renal support following tetralogy of Fallot repair.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of all consecutive tetralogy of Fallot cases operated at a single centre in a 3-year period.

Results

A total of 41 children were identified. All cases had loop diuretics administered. Of the cases, 17% required support with a peritoneal dialysis catheter, with only one complication of peritoneal dialysis catheter blockage. The mean length of paediatric intensive care unit stay in those receiving peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion was prolonged by an additional mean of 6 days (p<0.001). No statistical significance was found between those children requiring peritoneal dialysis and those who did not when considering patient age and weight at time of repair, cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross clamp times, the presence of a transannular patch, or junctional ectopic tachycardia. However, volume requirement of more than 35 ml/kg in the first 12 hours following repair did increase the likelihood to need peritoneal dialysis (p<0.0001). Furthermore, the higher the peak creatinine, the longer the stay on intensive care (p<0.01).

Conclusions

Peritoneal dialysis is an effective method of dealing with fluid balance in children after tetralogy of Fallot repair, with minimal complications. Early consideration should be given to peritoneal dialysis when it is clear that high fluid volumes are required postoperatively.
Psychosocial Framework for Understanding Psychological Distress Among Survivors of the November 26, 2008 Mumbai Terror Attack: Beyond Traumatic Experiences and Emergency Medical Care
Authors: Joseph Jacquleen , Jaswal Surinder
Published: June 2014

The field of “Public Health in Disasters and Complex Emergencies” is replete with either epidemiological studies or studies in the area of hospital preparedness and emergency care. The field is dominated by hospital-based or emergency phase-related literature, with very little attention on long-term health and mental health consequences. The social science, or the public mental health perspective, too, is largely missing. It is in this context that the case report of the November 26, 2008 Mumbai terror attack survivors is presented to bring forth the multi-dimensional and dynamic long-term impacts, and their consequences for psychological well-being, two years after the incident. Based on literature, the report formulates a theoretical framework through which the lived experiences of the survivors is analyzed and understood from a social science perspective.

This report is an outcome of the ongoing work with the survivors over a period of two years. A mixed methodology was used. It quantitatively captures the experience of 231 families following the attack, and also uses a self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ), SRQ20, to understand the psychological distress. In-depth qualitative case studies constructed from the process records and in-depth interviews focus on lived experiences of the survivors and explain the patterns emerging from the quantitative analysis.

This report outlines the basic profile of the survivors, the immediate consequences of the attack, the support received, psychological consequences, and the key factors contributing to psychological distress. Through analysis of the key factors and the processes emerging from the lived experiences that explain the progression of vulnerability to psychological distress, this report puts forth a psychosocial framework for understanding psychological distress among survivors of the November 26, 2008 Mumbai terror attack.

JosephJ,JaswalS.Psychosocial framework for understanding psychological distress among survivors of the November 26, 2008 Mumbai terror attack: beyond traumatic experiences and emergency medical care.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;29(3):1-8.
Incidental acquisition of new words during reading in L2: Inference of meaning and its integration in the L2 mental lexicon
Authors: BORDAG DENISA , KIRSCHENBAUM AMIT , TSCHIRNER ERWIN , OPITZ ANDREAS
Published: June 2014

A novel combination of several experimental and non-experimental paradigms was applied to explore initial stages of incidental vocabulary acquisition (IVA) during reading in German as a second language (L2). The results show that syntactic complexity of the context positively affects incidental acquisition of new words, triggering the learner's shift of attention from the text level to the word level. A subsequent semantic priming task revealed that the new words establish associations with semantically related representations in the L2 mental lexicon after just three previous occurrences and without any consolidation period. The semantic inhibition effect for the new words (contrary to semantic facilitation for known L2 words), however, indicates that the memory traces of the new semantic representation are still very weak and that their retrieval is probably hindered by stronger semantically related representations that have much lower activation thresholds and higher potential for being selected.
Quantitative Assessment of the Relationship Between Cellular Morphodynamics and Signaling Events by Stochastic Analysis of Fluorescent Images
Authors: Maulucci Giuseppe , Maiorana Alessandro , Papi Massimiliano , Pani Giovambattista , De Spirito Marco
Published: June 2014

Cell motility involves a number of strategies that cells use in order to seek nutrients, escape danger, and fulfill morphogenetic roles. Here we present a methodology to quantify morphological changes and their relationship with signaling events from time-lapse imaging microscopy experiments, in order to characterize physiological and pathological processes. To this aim, the stationary spatial pattern of signaling events is determined through an intracellular fluorescent probe, and it is related with the frequency and entity of morphodynamic events, which are in turn quantified through a stochastic approach: two pseudoimages are obtained from a time series of moving cells that describe the probability that a pixel belongs to the cell, and the probability that a pixel is subject to a dynamic event. The simultaneous construction of these maps permits visualization of hot spots of dynamic events, i.e., zones of formation of membrane protrusions and retractions and their relationship with the signaling events reported by the specific probe employed. The method is tested on spontaneous movement of cells, trasfected with redox-sensitive yellow fluorescent protein, in which the distribution of the hot spots and its change upon expression of constitutively active Rac (V12-Rac), is related to the distribution of oxidized spots.
The political economy of special economic zones
Authors: MOBERG LOTTA
Published: June 2014

This paper is a first attempt to apply a robust political economy framework to explain when Special Economic Zones (SEZs) can contribute to economic development. A robust political economy is one that channels the actions of self-interested individuals with limited information to promote economic progress. In the right institutional context, SEZs tend to promote economic growth. In the wrong institutional context, they can cause resource misallocation and rent-seeking. Policy makers introducing SEZs must overcome the knowledge problem to avoid misdirected economic planning. Yet, the scheme can only fulfill its purpose if it also prevents destructive rent-seeking behavior, both from businesses and from government authorities. The political economy framework of SEZs can be applied to judge their potential efficacy, something that orthodox studies of country features such as natural resources, infrastructure, and zone location fail to do. The Indian and Chinese experiences with SEZs illustrate these points.
A Comparison of Learning-Disabled Children and Non-Learning-Disabled Children on the Rorschach
Authors: Brainard Richene Bevilaqua , Viglione Donald J. , Wilke Jared R. D.
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between learning-disabled (LD) and non-learning-disabled (non-LD) students on the Rorschach inkblot test to help determine how differently the two groups process information. Using the cognitive triad in Exner’s Comprehensive System (CS), the variables consistent with past research and most representative of each of the three stages of the cognitive triad were investigated. The sample consisted of 62 schoolchildren in the age range of 7–12 years in the US state of California. Thirty-one children were identified as LD and were matched on age, gender, and ethnicity with a student who was identified as non-LD. The groups’ responses were compared using a one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine whether differences existed between the groups for each of the Rorschach variables F%, W+, XA%, and WSum6. This study concluded that LD children are unable to perceive, interpret, and synthesize information from their environment in a clear and realistic way when compared with their non-LD peers.
Magnetosome-containing bacteria living as symbionts of bivalves
Authors: Dufour Suzanne C , Laurich Jason R , Batstone Rebecca T , McCuaig Bonita , Elliott Alexander , Poduska Kristin M
Published: June 2014

Bacteria containing magnetosomes (protein-bound nanoparticles of magnetite or greigite) are common to many sedimentary habitats, but have never been found before to live within another organism. Here, we show that octahedral inclusions in the extracellular symbionts of the marine bivalve Thyasira cf. gouldi contain iron, can exhibit magnetic contrast and are most likely magnetosomes. Based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis, T. cf. gouldi symbionts group with symbiotic and free-living sulfur-oxidizing, chemolithoautotrophic gammaproteobacteria, including the symbionts of other thyasirids. T. cf. gouldi symbionts occur both among the microvilli of gill epithelial cells and in sediments surrounding the bivalves, and are therefore facultative. We propose that free-living T. cf. gouldi symbionts use magnetotaxis as a means of locating the oxic–anoxic interface, an optimal microhabitat for chemolithoautotrophy. T. cf. gouldi could acquire their symbionts from near-burrow sediments (where oxic–anoxic interfaces likely develop due to the host’s bioirrigating behavior) using their superextensile feet, which could transfer symbionts to gill surfaces upon retraction into the mantle cavity. Once associated with their host, however, symbionts need not maintain structures for magnetotaxis as the host makes oxygen and reduced sulfur available via bioirrigation and sulfur-mining behaviors. Indeed, we show that within the host, symbionts lose the integrity of their magnetosome chain (and possibly their flagellum). Symbionts are eventually endocytosed and digested in host epithelial cells, and magnetosomes accumulate in host cytoplasm. Both host and symbiont behaviors appear important to symbiosis establishment in thyasirids.
Performing private database queries in a real-world environment using a quantum protocol
Authors: Chan Philip , Lucio-Martinez Itzel , Mo Xiaofan , Simon Christoph , Tittel Wolfgang
Published: June 2014

In the well-studied cryptographic primitive 1-out-of-Noblivious transfer, a user retrieves a single element from a database of sizeNwithout the database learning which element was retrieved. While it has previously been shown that a secure implementation of 1-out-of-Noblivious transfer is impossible against arbitrarily powerful adversaries, recent research has revealed an interesting class of private query protocols based on quantum mechanics in a cheat sensitive model. Specifically, a practical protocol does not need to guarantee that the database provider cannot learn what element was retrieved if doing so carries the risk of detection. The latter is sufficient motivation to keep a database provider honest. However, none of the previously proposed protocols could cope with noisy channels. Here we present a fault-tolerant private query protocol, in which the novel error correction procedure is integral to the security of the protocol. Furthermore, we present a proof-of-concept demonstration of the protocol over a deployed fibre.
High specific detection of osteopontin using a three-dimensional copolymer layer support based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Hongxia , Mei Qiaohan , Jia Shengsong , Koh Kwangnak , Wang Keming , Liu Xinjian
Published: June 2014

Specific detection of osteopontin using a three-dimensional copolymer layer support.
Single molecule analysis by biological nanopore sensors
Authors: Ying Yi-Lun , Cao Chan , Long Yi-Tao
Published: June 2014

This mini review discusses current strategies for the analysis of an individual analyte in the field of nanopore biosensors.
An electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted membranes on a P-ATP–AuNP modified electrode for the determination of acrylamide
Authors: Wang Qiuyun , Ji Jian , Jiang Donglei , Wang Yao , Zhang Yinzhi , Sun Xiulan
Published: June 2014

An electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted membranes for the determination of acrylamide.
Visible-light-enhanced Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction by cooperative photocatalysis with an Ru–Pd bimetallic complex
Authors: Mori Kohsuke , Kawashima Masayoshi , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: June 2014

A photo-assisted Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction has been realized by a molecule Pd(ii) complex containing a Ru(ii)-polypyridyl derivative as a visible light photosensitizing unit.
Comment on “Surface-charge distribution on a dielectric sphere due to an external point charge: examples of C60 and C240 fullerenes, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2013, 15, 20115”
Authors: Zettergren Henning , Lindén Fredrik , Cederquist Henrik
Published: June 2014

We show that the relative surface charge distribution from classical electrostatics cannot be used to discriminate between different assumptions about the dielectric properties of fullerenes interacting with external charges.
Highly stable boron-modified hierarchical nanocrystalline ZSM-5 zeolite for the methanol to propylene reaction
Authors: Hu Zhijie , Zhang Hongbin , Wang Lei , Zhang Hongxia , Zhang Yahong , Xu Hualong , Shen Wei , Tang Yi
Published: June 2014

A highly stable MTP catalyst, boron-modified hierarchical nanocrystalline ZSM-5 zeolite, has been synthesized by a facile salt-aided seed-induced route. It exhibits a long lifetime (about 725 h) even at a high WHSV (4.0 h−1).
Reducing the inversion degree of MnFe2O4nanoparticles through synthesis to enhance magnetization: evaluation of their1H NMR relaxation and heating efficiency
Authors: Vamvakidis K. , Katsikini M. , Sakellari D. , Paloura E. C. , Kalogirou O. , Dendrinou-Samara C.
Published: June 2014

MnFe2O4nanoparticles of low inversion degree present optimized magnetization with high (T2) relaxation (345.5 s−1mM−1) and heating efficiency (286 W g−1).
The role of structural and fluidic aspects of room temperature ionic liquids in influencing the morphology of CdSe nano/microstructures grown in situ
Authors: Guleria Apurav , Singh Ajay K. , Rath Madhab C. , Sarkar Sisir K. , Adhikari Soumyakanti
Published: June 2014

Influence of the intrinsic structure of RTIL on the morphology of as synthesized CdSe nanoparticles is demonstrated. IL plays multiple roles,i.e.as a solvent, stabilizer and shape directing template.
The effects of silver ions on copper metabolism in rats
Authors: Ilyechova E. Yu. , Saveliev A. N. , Skvortsov A. N. , Babich P. S. , Zatulovskaia Yu. A. , Pliss M. G. , Korzhevskii D. E. , Tsymbalenko N. V. , Puchkova L. V.
Published: June 2014

The serum ceruloplasmin-associated copper deficiency induced by a silver-containing diet in rats can be compensated by extrahepatic ceruloplasmin synthesis if rats receive silver from birth.
An ice-templated, pH-tunable self-assembly route to hierarchically porous graphene nanoscroll networks
Authors: Shin Young-Eun , Sa Young Jin , Park Seungyoung , Lee Jiwon , Shin Kyung-Hee , Joo Sang Hoon , Ko Hyunhyub
Published: June 2014

Ice-templated self-assembly is used for the integration of 2D graphene sheets into hierarchically porous graphene nanoscroll networks.
Environmentally responsive histidine–carboxylate zipper formation between proteins and nanoparticles
Authors: Mout Rubul , Tonga Gulen Yesilbag , Ray Moumita , Moyano Daniel F. , Xing Yuqing , Rotello Vincent M.
Published: June 2014

We fabricated a reversible carboxylate–histidine ‘molecular zipper’ between gold nanoparticles and proteins, tunable through pH and salt.