bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The crucial regulatory role of type I interferon in inflammatory diseases
Authors: Ji Ling , Li Tianle , Chen Huimin , Yang Yanqi , Lu Eryi , Liu Jieying , Qiao Wei , Chen Hui
Published: December 2023

Type I interferon (IFN-I) plays crucial roles in the regulation of inflammation and it is associated with various inflammatory diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and periodontitis, impacting people's health and quality of life. It is well-established that IFN-Is affect immune responses and inflammatory factors by regulating some signaling. However, currently, there is no comprehensive overview of the crucial regulatory role of IFN-I in distinctive pathways as well as associated inflammatory diseases. This review aims to provide a narrative of the involvement of IFN-I in different signaling pathways, mainly mediating the related key factors with specific targets in the pathways and signaling cascades to influence the progression of inflammatory diseases. As such, we suggested that IFN-Is induce inflammatory regulation through the stimulation of certain factors in signaling pathways, which displays possible efficient treatment methods and provides a reference for the precise control of inflammatory diseases.
The phytolith carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems: the underestimated potential of bamboo forest
Authors: Cheng Xuekun , Lv Huiru , Liu Shuhan , Li Chong , Li Pingheng , Zhou Yufeng , Shi Yongjun , Zhou Guomo
Published: December 2023

Background

Terrestrial ecosystems contain significant carbon storage, vital to the global carbon cycle and climate change. Alterations in human production activities and environmental factors affect the stability of carbon storage in soil. Carbon sequestration in plant phytoliths offers a sustainable method for long-term carbon stabilization. Carbon occluded in phytoliths (PhytOC) is a kind of carbon that can be stable and not decomposed for a long time, so it is crucial to conduct more in-depth research on it.

Results

We undertook a meta-analysis on PhytOC across global terrestrial ecosystems, analyzing 60 articles, encapsulating 534 observations. We observed notable differences in phytolith and PhytOC contents across various ecosystems. Bamboo forest ecosystems exhibited the highest vegetation phytolith and PhytOC content, while soil phytolith content was most prominent in bamboo forests and PhytOC content in croplands. Human activities, such as grassland grazing, had a lesser impact on soil PhytOC transport than actions like cutting and tillage in croplands and forests. Our study separated bamboo ecosystems, analyzing their PhytOC content and revealing an underestimation of their carbon sink capacity.

Conclusions

Notwithstanding our findings, phytoliths’ intricate environmental interactions warrant further exploration, crucial for refining ecosystem management and accurately estimating PhytOC stocks. This deepened understanding lays the foundation for studying phytoliths and the carbon sink dynamics.
Psychometric properties of self-report measures of eating disorder cognitions: a systematic review
Authors: Hatoum Amaani H. , Burton Amy L. , Berry Sophie L. , Abbott Maree J.
Published: December 2023

Background

Although eating disorder (ED) models display some differences in theory and treatment approach, cognitive-behavioural, schema-focused, and disorder-specific models all highlight the fundamental nature of cognitions as key factors in ED development and maintenance processes. As such, it is vital that ED cognitions continue to be assessed and monitored as therapeutic targets and treatment outcomes as well as being examined as constructs in empirical research. This review aimed to systematically identify and evaluate the psychometric properties of existing self-report measures of ED cognitions.

Methods

A systematic review protocol was registered using the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42023440840). Included studies described the development, validation and/or the psychometric evaluation of a measure (or subscale) that was specifically developed to solely assess ED cognitions (that is thoughts, expectations, assumptions, or beliefs), in English-speaking, adult populations. The search was conducted using three electronic databases: PsycINFO, MedLine, and Embase. Two independent reviewers conducted screening, selection and evaluation of the psychometric properties of relevant measures using a standardised, well-established quality appraisal tool.

Results

Of the initial search of 7581 potential studies, 59 met inclusion criteria and described the psychometric evaluation of 31 measures (or subscales) of ED cognitions. The findings from the current review indicate that of the included measures, none currently meet all nine criteria of adequate psychometric properties. The Eating Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ; and EBQ-18), and the Eating Disorder Inventory Body Dissatisfaction subscale (EDI [BD]) currently possess the most evidence supporting their validity, reliability, and clinical utility.

Conclusions

The findings of the current systematic review provide guidance for future researchers to focus efforts on improving evidence for the validity, reliability and utility of self-report measures of ED cognitions. Overall, the present study has provided a detailed and systematic evaluation to support researchers and clinicians in future selection of measures of ED cognitions dependent on the specific aims of their research and treatment.
The quest for optimal femoral torsion angle measurements: a comparative advanced 3D study defining the femoral neck axis
Authors: Van fraeyenhove Bert , Verhaegen Jeroen C. F. , Grammens Jonas , Mestach Gino , Audenaert Emmanuel , Van Haver Annemieke , Verdonk Peter
Published: December 2023

Purpose

There is high variability in femoral torsion, measured on two‐dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) scans. The aim of this study was to find a reliable three‐dimensional (3D) femoral torsion measurement method, assess the influence of CAM deformity on femoral torsion measurement, and to promote awareness for the used measurement method.

Methods

3D models of 102 dry femur specimens were divided into a CAM and non‐CAM group. Femoral torsion was measured by one 2D‐CT method described by Murphy et al. (method 0) and five 3D methods. The 3D methods differed in strategies to define the femoral neck axis. Method 1 is based on an elliptical least‐square fit at the middle of the femoral neck. Methods 2 and 3 defined the centre of mass of the entire femoral neck and of the most cylindrical part, respectively. Methods 4 and 5 were based on the intersection of the femoral neck with a 25% and 40% enlarged best fit sphere of the femoral head.

Results

3D methods resulted in higher femoral torsion measures than the 2D method; the mean torsion for method 0 was 8.12° ± 7.30°, compared to 9.93° ± 8.24° (p < 0.001), 13.21° ± 8.60° (p < 0.001), 8.21° ± 7.64° (p = 1.00), 9.53° ± 7.87° (p < 0.001) and 10.46° ± 7.83° (p < 0.001) for methods 1 to 5 respectively. In the presence of a CAM, torsion measured with method 4 is consistently smaller than measured with method 5.

Conclusion

2D measurement might underestimate true femoral torsion and there is a difference up to 5°. There is a tendency for a higher mean torsion in hips with a CAM deformity. Methods 4 and 5 are the most robust techniques. However, method 4 might underestimate femoral torsion if a CAM deformity is present. Since method 5 is independent of a CAM deformity, it is the preferred technique to define expected values of torsion.
Severe perioperative lactic acidosis in a pediatric patient with glycogen storage disease type Ia: a case report
Authors: Takahashi Tamayo , Oue Kana , Imado Eiji , Doi Mitsuru , Shimizu Yoshitaka , Yoshida Mitsuhiro
Published: December 2023

Background

Glycogen storage disease (GSD) is a group of rare inherited metabolic disorders caused by enzyme deficiencies in glycogen catabolism. GSD type Ia is a congenital deficiency of the enzyme responsible for the final step in glucose production by glycolysis, resulting in impaired carbohydrate metabolism.

Case presentation

A 14-year-old boy with GSD type Ia was scheduled for a maxillary cystectomy under general anesthesia. He was taking oral sugars such as uncooked cornstarch regularly to prevent hypoglycemia. Perioperatively, glucose was administered via the peripheral vein for fasting; however, severe lactic acidosis occurred. He also developed hypercapnia because of intraoperative poor ventilation caused by hepatomegaly.

Conclusions

We experienced a child with GSD type Ia who developed severe lactic acidosis despite continuous glucose infusion. Further studies are required to determine appropriate perioperative management for patients with GSD, including fasting glucose administration.
Urachal mucinous cystic tumor of low malignant potential: a report of a rare case with literature review
Authors: George Moyo Mthabisi Talent , Dirilenoğlu Fikret , Köy Yazgı
Published: December 2023

Neoplasms originating from the urachus are exceptionally uncommon, comprising only 0.17% of all bladder neoplasms. Among these, the mucinous cystic tumor of low malignant potential (MCTLMP) is particularly rare, with only 25 documented cases in medical literature. Despite their rarity, it is essential to identify MCTLMPs given the possibility of severe complications. Fortunately, surgical removal offers promising cure rates. In this report, A 40-year-old female patient presented to the hospital with abdominal pain. Subsequently, a CT scan showed a 9-cm cystic mass pressing the bladder. The lesion was surgically excised and histopathological examination was performed. Grossly, the specimen consisted of a cyst with a smooth external surface and mucinous content. Microscopically, the cyst was lined by columnar mucinous epithelial cells that included basally-located hyperchromatic nuclei and scattered Goblet cells consistent with an intestinal phenotype. The epithelial cells show mild atypia with focal papillary formations and flattening due to compression. Immunohistochemically, the epithelial tumor cells expressed cytokeratin 20, CDX2, beta-catenin (membranous); and were negative for cytokeratin 7. The location, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with a diagnosis of MCTLMP. In this report, we present an instance of urachal MCTLMP, which represents less than 30 cases documented in the medical literature. This case study marks the importance of early identification of MCTLMP due to their potential for severe complications, despite the tumor’s low malignant potential and to exclude more aggressive tumors with areas of intraepithelial or invasive carcinoma.
Ecosystem services valuation for supporting sustainable life below water
Authors: Koundouri Phoebe , Halkos George , Landis Conrad Felix Michel , Alamanos Angelos
Published: December 2023

The significance of the SDGs lies in their holistic, global and interdisciplinary nature. But this nature at the same time poses significant challenges, as it is difficult to bridge the breadth of different aspects included in the SDGs, such as the environmental and the socio-economic, both in theory, practical application and policymaking. SDG14 on “life below water” is quite a holistic concept as it refers to a natural/environmental system (seas), supporting several marine economic activities and ecosystem values, and associated with strong social and cultural characteristics of the local populations, affecting the ways they manage marine areas. The main challenges for the achievement of a sustainable life below water are analyzed, and ways forward are discussed. Holistic and well-coordinated approaches considering the complex nature of SDG14 are necessary. Moreover, we argue on the role of economic instruments that can bridge environmental and socio-economic aspects, towards more sustainable life below water. In particular, the potential of environmental valuation as a means to better inform SDG policies, is discussed, using the example of SDG14. The currently established frameworks for Country’s Sustainability Reporting, lack metrics focusing on the economic impact of the environment and the ecosystem services’ degradation or restoration rates, including ocean and marine ecosystems. Acknowledging and quantifying the costs and benefits of ocean and marine ecosystems can lead to more effective interventions (such as ocean pollution prevention, climate change mitigation, fishing exploitation, biodiversity and coral reef preservation) and a better understanding of human-environmental dynamics. This, in turn, strengthens coordinated management and cooperation.
Correlation analysis between polymorphism of leptin and IGFI genes and body measurements in Barki and Farafra sheep
Authors: Darwish Ahmed M. , Abdelhafez Mohamed A. , Abdel-Hamid Zeinab G. , Othman Sarah I. , Mohamed Ibrahim E. , Allam Ahmed A.
Published: December 2023

Background

Growth performance, which can be evaluated using various body measurements, is crucial for providing red meat for human consumption. This study aims to improve the growth performance of sheep by identifying the different genotypes of leptin and IGFI genes associated with higher body measurements.

Methods

In this study, we collected blood samples from Barki (n = 30) and Farafra (n = 30) sheep, and measured their body height, width, length, and weight, and tail width and length to assess their growth performance. We used single strand conformation polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (SSCP-PCR) and sequencing analysis to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and different genotypes of the leptin and insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFI) genes associated with sheep body measurements.

Results

The leptin gene (209 bp) and IGFR gene (345 bp) were found to have three (TT, TG, and GG) and (TT, TC, and CC) genotypes, respectively, by SSCP-PCR. Sequence analysis revealed a SNP in the leptin gene (200G > T) with two alleles (G allele: OR058867 and T allele: OR058868). This SNP resulted in the substitution of the amino acid valine with leucine, which increased the width, length, and weight of the body and tail width in the heterozygous form (TG). The IGFI gene had three SNPs: 305 G > T in TT genotype (OR260670), 184C > T, 265T > C, and 305G > T in TC genotype (OR260669), and 265T > C in CC genotype (OR260671). The TC genotype of the IGFR gene was correlated with higher values of body measurements. Barki sheep were found to have the highest values for body weight, width, length, and tail width compared to Farafra sheep.

Conclusion

We recommend the use of entire Barki sheep in inbreeding programs to improve growth performance in Egyptian sheep.
Integrating hydro and wind resources for effective congestion management in a hybrid electricity market
Authors: Reddy Ch. Lokeshwar , Rayudu K. , Sharanya M. , Patthi Sridhar , Rao J. V. G. Rama
Published: December 2023

Congestion management in deregulated electricity systems threatens system security and reliability. Integration of renewable energy sources, unpredictable wind power, load demand, and the requirement for quickly deployable reserves make congestion management more difficult. While deciding the dispatch of the generating units, many factors have to be considered for the economic, secure, and reliable operation of the power system. This study presents a congestion management strategy that has been developed specifically for hybrid power systems. Within a pool and bilateral power supply market structure, it introduces a generator rescheduling-based congestion management technique. Ensuring safe bilateral transactions between these companies is crucial. Renewable sources affect congestion management dynamics, according to the research. The optimization issue includes operational limitations for scenarios with and without renewable source units. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) was used to sample hourly wind speed from the Weibull PDF wind model. GAMS CONOPT solver used the model. General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS)-MATLAB interface imported the model into MATLAB to extract the response. The best combination of renewable sources is 2 hydro + 1 wind unit as savings of congestion cost are $1403.6/h and $1855.18/h in case 1 (3-line congestion) and case 2 (2-line congestion), respectively. Results were accomplished by updating the IEEE-24 bus reliability test system with hydro and wind generators.
Stabilization of oil/water emulsions using soybean lecithin as a biobased surfactant for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Tabaniag Jalliah Sharelle U. , Abad Mary Quincy D. , Morcelos Christian Jules R. , Geraldino Gene Vincent B. , Alvarado Jon Larsen M. , Lopez Edgar Clyde R.
Published: December 2023

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) relies on the use of surfactant to flood the wellbore and thus extract the oil from the rocks. However, current surfactants used for EOR are non-biodegradable and are made from toxic chemicals. Here, we report the potential of soybean lecithin as a biobased surfactant for enhancing oil recovery by stabilizing oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Our findings show that pH has a significant impact on stability, with lower pH levels leading to improved stability. Salinity affects stability, but soybean lecithin shows minimal sensitivity to salt concentration. Surfactant loading also plays a crucial role, with higher concentrations causing instability. The optimized operating parameters for soybean lecithin are determined to be at pH = 4, salinity = 84,171.08 ppm, and surfactant loading = 4.48 wt.%. Comparative evaluation reveals that soybean lecithin performs competitively, outperforming certain commercial surfactants in terms of emulsion stability in oil phase. The solubilization ratio of oil (SRo) values are lecithin = 3.2219, CAPB = 0.7028, CTAC = 11.1044, NP10EO = 11.1570, and SLES = 11.7067. Utilizing soybean lecithin as a biobased surfactant in enhanced oil recovery offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative with potential economic advantages. Further research can focus on optimizing formulation and exploring synergies with other additives.
Molecular characterization of blaNDM-harboring plasmids reveal its rapid adaptation and evolution in the Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Li Yiming , Yang Yuying , Wang Yifei , Walsh Timothy R. , Wang Shaolin , Cai Chang
Published: December 2023

Carbapenem is one of the few available drugs to treat multidrug-resistance Gram-negative bacteria infections. Recently, the plasmid-mediated spread of the carbapenem resistance gene blaNDM poses a significant threat to public health, requiring global monitoring and surveillance. Here, we used both short-read (n = 2461) and long-read (n = 546) sequencing data to characterize the global distribution of blaNDM. We analyzed the replicon type of blaNDM-positive plasmids and found that the dominant plasmid type was different in diverse geographical locations. Although blaNDM gene has been transferred across diverse countries, its genetic backgrounds are highly conserved, and the mobile genetic element ISAba125, IS5, and IS26 may play an important role in the mobilization of blaNDM. A significant association was observed between host origin and gene presence/deletion variation on IncX3 plasmid, which may be a key factor in the bacterial adaption to diverse hosts. In this study, we analyzed the diversity, distribution and transmission of blaNDM-positive plasmids from a global perspective, and emphasize the importance of plasmid analysis for understanding the evolution and adaptation of blaNDM-positive plasmids and their co-evolution with bacterial genomes (resistome).
Obesity Variants in the GIPR Gene Are not Associated With Risk of Fracture or Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Styrkarsdottir Unnur , Tragante Vinicius , Stefansdottir Lilja , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Oddsson Asmundur , Sørensen Erik , Erikstrup Christian , Schwarz Peter , Jørgensen Henrik Løvendahl , Lauritzen Jes Bruun , Brunak Søren , Knowlton Kirk U , Nadauld Lincoln D , Ullum Henrik , Pedersen Ole Birger Vesterager , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Holm Hilma , Gudbjartsson Daniel F , Sulem Patrick , Stefansson Kari
Published: December 2023

Context

It is not clear if antagonizing the GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) receptor (GIPR) for treatment of obesity is likely to increase the risk of fractures, or to lower bone mineral density (BMD) beyond what is expected with rapid weight loss.

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the risk of fracture and BMD of sequence variants in GIPR that reduce the activity of the GIP receptor and have been associated with reduced body mass index (BMI).

Methods

We analyzed the association of 3 missense variants in GIPR, a common variant, rs1800437 (p.Glu354Gln), and 2 rare variants, rs139215588 (p.Arg190Gln) and rs143430880 (p.Glu288Gly), as well as a burden of predicted loss-of-function (LoF) variants with risk of fracture and with BMD in a large meta-analysis of up to 1.2 million participants. We analyzed associations with fractures at different skeletal sites in the general population: any fractures, hip fractures, vertebral fractures and forearm fractures, and specifically nonvertebral and osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. We also evaluated associations with BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total body measured with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and with BMD estimated from heel ultrasound (eBMD).

Results

None of the 3 missense variants in GIPR was significantly associated with increased risk of fractures or with lower BMD. Burden of LoF variants in GIPR was not associated with fractures or with BMD measured with clinically validated DXA, but was associated with eBMD.

Conclusion

Missense variants in GIPR, or burden of LoF variants in the gene, are not associated with risk of fractures or with lower BMD.
Gynecomastia in a Man With Adrenal Mass
Authors: Saini Jasmine , Navin Patrick , Rivera Michael , Bancos Irina
Published: December 2023

Estrogen-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is exceedingly rare, representing 1% to 2% of all ACCs. We present a case of a 65-year-old man diagnosed with an estrogen-secreting, 4.3-cm right adrenal mass discovered during work-up for bilateral gynecomastia. Gynecomastia and hyperestrogenism resolved after laparoscopic adrenalectomy, and pathology was reported as adrenocortical adenoma. However, 5 years later, he again developed bilateral gynecomastia because of recurrent hyperestrogenism. Imaging revealed multiple metastases in the abdomen. Urine steroid profiling demonstrated increased androgen precursors, androgen metabolites, and glucocorticoid precursors. Ultrasound-guided biopsy of one of the metastases confirmed ACC. Initial therapy included debulking surgery with removal of metastatic lesions. Mitotane therapy was initiated 4 weeks later along with hydrocortisone for anticipated mitotane-induced adrenal insufficiency. Histopathology from the adrenalectomy specimen 5 years earlier was rereviewed and confirmed ACC. Estrogen-secreting adrenal tumors are exceedingly rare, and the majority are malignant. This case underlines the importance of making an initial accurate diagnosis of adrenal malignancy that allows better surgical planning and appropriate monitoring. Indeterminate imaging characteristics of the adrenal mass, as well as the presentation with estrogen excess, suggested an elevated risk for ACC. Initial pathology-based misdiagnosis illustrates the need for an expert adrenal pathologist to review these rare tumors.
Ventriculoatrial Shunt Versus Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Oliveira Leonardo de Barros , Hakim Fernando , Semione Gabriel da Silva , Bertani Raphael , Batista Sávio , Palavani Lucca B. , Sousa Marcelo Porto , Gómez-Amarillo Diego F. , Mejía-Michelsen Isabella , Pinto Fernando Campos Gomes , Rabelo Nicollas Nunes , Welling Leonardo C. , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is usually the primary choice for cerebrospinal fluid shunting for most neurosurgeons, while ventriculoatrial shunt (VAS) is a second-line procedure because of historical complications. Remarkably, there is no robust evidence claiming the superiority of VPS over VAS. Thus, we aimed to compare both procedures through a meta-analysis.

METHODS:

Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, the authors systematically searched the literature for articles comparing VAS with VPS. The included articles had to detail one of the following outcomes: revisions, infections, shunt-related mortality, or complications. In addition, the cohort for each shunt model had to encompass more than 4 patients.

RESULTS:

Of 1872 articles, 16 met our criteria, involving 4304 patients, with 1619 undergoing VAS and 2685 receiving VPS placement. Analysis of revision surgeries showed no significant difference between VAS and VPS (risk ratio [RR] = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.9-1.34; I2 = 84%, random effects). Regarding infections, the analysis also found no significant difference between the groups (RR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.36-1.25; I2 = 74%, random effects). There was no statistically significant disparity between both methods concerning shunt-related deaths (RR = 2.11, 95% CI: 0.68-6.60; I2 = 56%, random effects). Included studies after 2000 showed no VAS led to cardiopulmonary complications, and only 1 shunt-related death could be identified.

CONCLUSION:

Both methods show no significant differences in procedure revisions, infections, and shunt-related mortality. The literature is outdated, research in adults is lacking, and future randomized studies are crucial to understand the profile of VAS when comparing it with VPS. The final decision on which distal site for cerebrospinal shunting to use should be based on the patient's characteristics and the surgeon's expertise.
Circulating Plasma Oxytocin Level Is Elevated by High-Intensity Interval Exercise in Men
Authors: TSUKAMOTO HAYATO , OLESEN NIELS D. , PETERSEN LONNIE G. , SUGA TADASHI , SØRENSEN HENRIK , NIELSEN HENNING B. , OGOH SHIGEHIKO , SECHER NIELS H. , HASHIMOTO TAKESHI
Published: December 2023

Purpose

We evaluated whether repeated high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) influences plasma oxytocin (OT) concentration in healthy men, and, given that OT is mainly synthesized in the hypothalamus, we assessed the concentration difference between the arterial (OTART) versus the internal jugular venous OT concentration (OTIJV). Additionally, we hypothesized that an increase in cerebral OT release and the circulating concentration would be augmented by repeated HIIE.

Methods

Fourteen healthy men (age = 24 ± 2 yr; mean ± SD) performed two identical bouts of HIIE. These HIIE bouts included a warm-up at 50%–60% maximal workload (W
max) for 5 min followed by four bouts of exercise at 80%–90% W
max for 4 min interspersed by exercise at 50%–60% W
max for 3 min. The HIIE bouts were separated by 60 min of rest. OT was evaluated in blood through radial artery and internal jugular vein catheterization.

Results

Both HIIE bouts increased both OTART (median [IQR], from 3.9 [3.4–5.4] to 5.3 [4.4–6.3] ng·mL−1 in the first HIIE, P < 0.01) and OTIJV (from 4.6 [3.4–4.8] to 5.9 [4.3–8.2] ng·mL−1, P < 0.01), but OTART-IJV was unaffected (from −0.24 [−1.16 to 1.08] to 0.04 [−0.88 to 0.78] ng·mL−1, P = 1.00). The increased OT levels were similar in the first and second HIIE bouts (OTART
P = 0.25, OTIJV
P = 0.36).

Conclusions

Despite no change in the cerebral OT release via the internal jugular vein, circulating OT increases during HIIE regardless of the accumulated exercise volume, indicating that OT may play role as one of the exerkines.
Silicon-based photonic integrated circuits and high-capacity switching systems for datacenters interconnects
Authors: Μόραλης-Πέγιος Μιλτιάδης
Published: December 2023

Η εκρηκτική αύξηση της πληροφορίας που διακινείται μέσω των Κέντρων Δεδομένων (ΚΔ) δημιουργεί μια σειρά από αυστηρές προδιαγραφές στους διαχειριστές τους, που πρέπει να αυξήσουν τις δυνατότητες των υπάρχων δικτύων προσφέροντας : (i) υψηλή αξιοποίηση του δικτύου και των διαθέσιμων πόρων (ii) υψηλό ρυθμό μετάδοσης (iii) χαμηλή καθυστέρηση και (iv) χαμηλή κατανάλωση. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, οι τεχνολογίες οπτικής διασύνδεσης εμφανίζονται σαν μια τεχνολογική πλατφόρμα, που μπορεί να αντικαταστήσει τις τωρινές ηλεκτρονικές διασυνδέσεις με υψηλού ρυθμού, χαμηλής κατανάλωσης οπτικές υλοποιήσεις σε διάφορα τμήματα του δικτύου. Η έρευνα που έχει πραγματοποιηθεί στο πλαίσιο της παρούσης διατριβής έχει επικεντρωθεί στην ανάπτυξη ενός οπτικού μεταγωγέα πακέτου υψηλού ρυθμού, χαμηλής καθυστέρησης και υψηλού αριθμού θυρών, καθώς και στην μελέτη και υλοποίηση φωτονικών ολοκληρωμένων κυκλωμάτων, για τη νέα γενιά οπτικών μεταγωγέων και αναμεταδοτών. Στην αρχή της παρούσας διατριβής, παίρνοντας υπόψη τις προδιαγραφές που επιβάλλονται από τις τεχνικές διαχωρισμού πόρων στα δίκτυα ΚΔ, προτάθηκε και παρουσιάστηκε μια αρχιτεκτονική οπτικού μεταγωγέα πακέτου, που ονομάζεται Hipoλaos (High port λ-routed all optical switch). Ο μεταγωγέας Hipoλaos υλοποιεί ένα υβριδικό σχήμα μεταγωγής, ακολουθώντας την Spanke αρχιτεκτονική, αλλά και ενσωματώνει τις δυνατότητες δρομολόγησης σημάτων μέσω συστοιχιών κυματοδηγών περίθλασης (AWGR) και προσωρινής αποθήκευσης στο οπτικό πεδίο, για να προσφέρει υψηλό αριθμό θυρών και καθυστέρηση μικρότερη του μs. Στα πλαίσια της διατριβής, υλοποιήθηκε πειραματικά ένα επίπεδο 1024-θυρών αρχιτεκτονικής Hipoλaos, και επιβεβαιώθηκε η λειτουργικότητα του για πακέτα 10 Gb/s. Στη συνέχεια, μελετήθηκε η δυνατότητα μεταφοράς του μεταγωγέα στη πλατφόρμα φωτονικής ολοκλήρωσης πυριτίου-επί-οξιδίου διαστάσεων μικρό μετρου (μm-SOI). Με αυτό το σκοπό, σχεδιάστηκε το βασικό δομικό στοιχείο της προσωρινής οπτικής αποθήκευσης πακέτου, δηλαδή ένα οπτικός ενναλάκτης χρονοθυρίδας (TSI), με τις οπτικές καθυστερήσεις υλοποιημένες μέσω κυματοδηγών τεχνολογίας um-SOI. Στη συνέχεια, σχεδιάστηκε ένας μεταγωγέας Hipoλaos, με την προσωρινή αποθήκευση, μέσω γραμμών καθυστέρησης, και τη δρομολόγηση μήκους κύματος, μέσω ενός 3×3 φράγματος περίθλασης Echelle, να βασίζονται σε um-SOI στοιχεία. Η λειτουργία του πρότυπου 9×9 οπτικού μεταγωγέα επιβεβαιώθηκε πειραματικά για πακέτα 10 Gb/s, για απλή λειτουργία και για λειτουργία πολύ-εκπομπής ,παρουσιάζοντας ρυθμό σφαλμάτων 1E-9.
Design Authorship: an intrinsic driver of designer-entrepreneurs
Authors: Valencia Aldo , Pearce Alison , Ryan Martin
Published: December 2023

This paper describes the entrepreneurial journey of product designers and the driver that makes them take an idea into the market. Following a Constructivist Grounded Theory approach, a multiple-phase data generation method explored the entrepreneurial journey of eleven designer-entrepreneurs (D-entrepreneurs). The paper describes the driver named design authorship (D-authorship) and why it is essential in the entrepreneurial journey of designers. The study identified two types of D-authorship: a) the inside-out, where D-entrepreneurs spent considerable time obtaining perfection in the product without any user feedback involved, and b) the outside-in, where D-entrepreneurs build their product as a result of a systematic user-centric approach.
The genome sequence of a longhorn beetle, Rutpela maculata (Poda, 1769)
Authors: Sivell Olga , Sivell Duncan , Barclay Maxwell V. L. , Crowley Liam M. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: December 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Rutpela maculata (a longhorn beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Cerambycidae). The genome sequence is 2,021.6 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 10 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.84 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 33,598 protein coding genes.
FORMATION OF EDUCATIONAL INDEPENDENCE AS A CONDITION FOR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
Authors: Milovanova Galina V. , Kulyashova Natalya M. , Shemyakina Elena Yu.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Improving the academic performance of students is one of the urgent problems of modern higher education, since academic activity is a determining indicator of the readiness of university graduates for professional activities. Academic achievement depends on many factors, among which the authors emphasize the ability and desire to study as the basis of educational independence.

The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to examine the degree of influence of the formation of the motivational sphere and skills of independent work, determining the educational independence, on the academic performance.

Materials and methods. The following methods were used to achieve the research objectives: questioning, testing, comparative and correlation analysis. The results were processed by methods of mathematical statistics in SPSS Statistics 26.

Results. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the formation of independent work skills has a relationship with academic performance, while strong positive relationships were identified between the indicators for all five blocks of independent work skills, as well as internal and external positive motivation. Practical recommendations on maintaining the optimal motivation of students are presented.

Practical implications. The results can be used to further investigate the factors that influence academic performance and find ways to improve it.

Conclusion. After analyzing the results, the authors concluded that the important conditions for academic performance are the formation of the structure of independent educational activities of students, as well as the leading role of their internal and external positive motivation. Higher educational achievements are possible only with high levels of formation of the structure of students’ own educational activities and their positive motivation. From here follow two main directions related to the prevention of academic failure and dropout of students: the formation of optimal ways for them to independently solve educational, and in the future, professional problems and, in addition, high positive motivation at all its hierarchical levels.
Myśli Jadwigi Zamoyskiej o wychowaniu
Authors: Jazukiewicz Iwona
Published: December 2023

Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej wskazał wśród patronów roku 2023 Jadwigę Zamoyską (1831–1923), której setna rocznica śmierci przypada w listopadzie tego roku. Spośród wielu zadań, za które jest podziwiana i ceniona, najbliższe i najważniejsze było dla niej wychowanie młodego pokolenia. Patronat roku to inicjatywa, która ma uhonorować, ale też uchronić od zapomnienia osoby, wydarzenia, idee ważne dla Polski i Polaków. Treść artykułu wpisuje się w to zamierzenie. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie uniwersalnych wartości myśli wychowawczej Jadwigi Zamoyskiej. Posłużono się metodą analityczno-syntetyczną. Podstawowe źródło stanowi praca pt. O wychowaniu, w której Jadwiga Zamoyska przedstawiła program wychowania i kształcenia katolickiego. Refleksji poddano wartość integralnego rozwoju człowieka, posłuszeństwa, wzoru, pracy oraz cnoty w wychowaniu. Wartości uniwersalne to takie, które są „ponad” różnicami czasowymi i światopoglądowymi. Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej wskazał postać i życie Jadwigi Zamoyskiej jako wzór wszystkim Polakom, a nie określonej grupie. Interesujące, czy jest coś aktualnego i wartościowego w tym przekazie dla człowieka bogatszego o ponad sto lat badań naukowych i doświadczeń światowych.
Rola interioryzacji w nauczaniu według św. Augustyna
Authors: Kowalewska OSA Dorota Anna
Published: December 2023

Artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie roli interioryzacji w nauczaniu w ujęciu św. Augustyna. Analizie poddano wybrane teksty św. Augustyna oraz inne źródła, interpretujące jego naukę w różnych kontekstach. Pojęcie interioryzacji zostało zdefiniowane w odniesieniu do rozumienia tego terminu przez św. Augustyna oraz do nauki Jana Pawła II. Na podstawie tekstów źródłowych rozróżniono takie pojęcia, jak wiedza i mądrość, człowiek wewnętrzny i zewnętrzny, rozum i serce. Wskazano również na niewystarczalność słów w procesie przekazywania przez pedagoga wartości. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwoliła na określenie celu nauczania, którym według św. Augustyna jest zdobycie mądrości poprzez miłość. W części końcowej przedstawiono koncepcję „Nauczyciela wewnętrznego”, pomagającego zinterioryzować wiedzę o rzeczach niezmysłowych. Tekst jest próbą zwrócenia uwagi na rolę interioryzacji w nauczaniu i wynikające z niej implikacje praktyczne prowadzące do powodzenia procesu kształcenia.
Canadian Geoscience Diplomacy in Collaboration with IUGS, UNESCO IGCP Geoparks, and World Heritage Geosites: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Bingham-Koslowski Nikole , Boggs Katherine J.E. , Adiyaman Lopes Özlem , Lebel Daniel , Johnston Stephen , Narbonne Guy
Published: December 2023

To commemorate the 60th anniversary of IUGS and the 50th anniversary of IGCP, the 2022 symposium entitled “IUGS, Geoparks, and IGCP – Retrospection, today and the future” was coordinated at the GAC-MAC-IAH-CNC-CSPG 2022 Conference in Halifax (16–18 May) with the companion Cliffs of Fundy UNESCO Geopark field trip (19–21 May). Canadian leadership within IUGS and IGCP includes J.M. Harrison as the first president of IUGS in 1961, Antony Berger’s work publishing “Episodes”, which is the IUGS’ quarterly international scientific journal, and Canadian leadership on multiple IGCP projects summarized here. Two panel discussions examined the future of geosciences, UNESCO Geoparks and World Geoheritage Sites in Canada. The need for improved communications with politicians, policymakers, and the general public through education and outreach was emphasized in these panel discussions. UNESCO Geoparks (such as the Cliffs of Fundy), UNESCO World Heritage Geosites and significant museum displays represent vehicles for improving communications with the general public about geosciences and potentially inspiring future geoscientists. This report provides a summary of the symposium and explores some of the many themes that it addressed.
The outcome of aplastic anaemia associated with terbinafine therapy
Authors: Khalid Farhan , Gaddameedi Sai Rakshith , Al-Alwan Ahmad , Bader Husam , Du Doantrang , Meghal Trishala
Published: December 2023

Onychomycosis (OM), a widespread fungus that affects the toenails and/or fingernails, causes a large amount of morbidity and is very frequent in the general population. The best treatment is systemic antifungals. Terbinafine is a potent antifungal drug that works by targeting the keratin and lipids found in fungi. In the United States, the prevalence of this nail ailment ranges from 2% to 14%; it is 5.5% globally. Here, we describe a case of aplastic anaemia linked to oral terbinafine use. Clinicians should be aware of this rare adverse effect and early discontinuation of the treatment is required to prevent significant morbidity and mortality.
A Hybrid Extreme Gradient Boosting and Long Short-Term Memory Algorithm for Cyber Threats Detection
Authors: Amin Reham , El-Taweel Ghada , Ali Ahmed Fouad , Tahoun Mohamed
Published: December 2023

The vast amounts of data, lack of scalability, and low detection rates of traditional intrusion detection technologies make it impossible to keep up with evolving and increasingly sophisticated cyber threats. Therefore, there is an urgent need to detect and stop cyber threats early. Deep Learning has greatly improved intrusion detection due to its ability to self-learn and extract highly accurate features. In this paper, a Hybrid XG Boosted and Long Short-Term Memory algorithm (HXGBLSTM) is proposed. A comparative analysis is conducted between the computational performance of six established evolutionary computation algorithms and the recently developed bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called Zebra Optimisation Algorithm. These algorithms include the Particle Swarm Optimisation Algorithm, the Bio-inspired Algorithms, Bat Optimisation Algorithm, Firefly Optimisation Algorithm, and Monarch Butterfly Optimisation Algorithm, as well as the Genetic Algorithm as an Evolutionary Algorithm. The dimensionality curse has been mitigated by using these metaheuristic methods for feature selection, and the results are compared with the wrapper-based feature selection XGBoost algorithm. The proposed algorithm uses the CSE-CIC -IDS2018 dataset, which contains the latest network attacks. XGBoost outperformed the other FS algorithms and was used as the feature selection algorithm. In evaluating the effectiveness of the newly proposed HXGBLSTM, binary and multi-class classifications are considered. When comparing the performance of the proposed HXGBLSTM for cyber threat detection, it outperforms seven innovative deep learning algorithms for binary classification and four of them for multi-class classification. Other evaluation criteria such as recall, F1 score, and precision have been also used for comparison. The results showed that the best accuracy for binary classification is 99.8\%, with F1-score of 99.83\%, precision of 99.85\%, and recall of 99.82\%, in extensive and detailed experiments conducted on a real dataset. The best accuracy, F1-score, precision, and recall for multi-class classification were all around 100\%, which does give the proposed algorithm an advantage over the compared ones.
From Charity to Commerce: Bondholders, Women's Auxiliaries, and Community Health Care in Arizona
Authors: Pratcher Anthony
Published: December 2023

summary: This article contrasts women's auxiliaries as volunteers and fundraisers at a voluntary sanatorium and a community hospital in metropolitan Phoenix. Their experience highlights the rising importance of private investors in nonprofit health care. Nonprofit community hospitals depended on volunteer labor from women's auxiliaries to keep their doors open in the mid-twentieth-century United States. However, their position became subordinate to financial demands from bondholders—these (and other) financial influences eroded the social capital created by charitable labor. At Maryvale Hospital, one of the "eight-percenter" mortgage bond hospitals built across the Sun Belt during the early sixties, bondholders assumed much of the fundraising and advocacy activities reserved for women's auxiliaries. Once bondholders assumed the duties of women's auxiliaries, their profitability became the determinant for success in nonprofit health care. Their rise reflects a shift from the social capital associated with charitable volunteers to the bond markets necessary for modern metropolitan development.
Quantification and characterization of an ultrasound-induced polarization wavefront aberration in the phase space
Authors: Hou Ruijie , Xia Zhiying , Zhang Yang , Ni Bin , Xu Bin , Hou Jamie Jiangmin , Hou Lianping , Liu Xuefeng , Xiong Jichuan
Published: December 2023

Light propagation wavefront and photon composition variations occur when the beam encounters acoustic waves, bringing mechanical and chemical inhomogeneity-induced light-intensity modulation, while phase variations, which carry more information about the acoustic-optical coupling in the medium, are often overlooked. This paper investigates the coupling of the light beam with the propagating ultrasound and the polarization aberration of the optical wave induced by the ultrasound. A model was developed to express the variation of the ultrasound-induced polarization aberration (UIPA). The ultrasound-induced refractive index variation of the sample was observed in both the simulation and experiments. The phase differences in various ultrasound states (valley dominant state, peak dominant state) are characterized in detail. The UIPA expressed in the phase space provides a way to quantify multidimensional polarization information of the ultrasound-tagged optical waves and allows refraction-sensitive polarization parametric imaging, which may be exploited for directional high-contrast photoacoustic imaging with ultrasound tagging.
Feasibility of simultaneous multi-element analysis of quartz sand with impurities by calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and its potential for guiding glass manufacturing
Authors: Sun Tengfei , Ke Shaoying , Sui Wentao , Zhang Wenhao , Lu Peng , Qi Dongfeng , Yang Bing , Wei Juan , Wu Yongling , Zheng Hongyu
Published: December 2023

As the main raw material in glass manufacturing, quartz sand and its elementary contents play an important role in glass quality. As raw quartz sand contains a variety of impurities such as metal oxides, which makes traditional chemical analysis methods for determining the chemical composition of quartz sand challenging and cumbersome, and the results are often influenced by the skill level of the analysts and various reagent factors. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of employing calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) for simultaneous multi-element analysis of the complex quartz sand. A Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm and pulse width of 6 ns was used to irradiate the quartz sand sample, which resulted in generation of a plasma plume. The plasma spectra were recorded and analyzed to determine the type of element by finding the atomic (ion) characteristic spectral lines. The corresponding Boltzmann plane plot was drawn according to the relevant parameters of the characteristic spectral lines, and the plasma temperature was calculated. By measuring the Stark broadening of the characteristic spectral lines, the electron density of the plasma was evaluated, and the prerequisite of the local thermodynamic equilibrium of the plasma was verified. The results show that the CF-LIBS method can synchronously and quickly realize the multi-element identification of the sample without the need of a standard reference material. The use of CF-LIBS to measure the quartz sand raw material prior to entering the glass manufacturing process provides a guiding principle for formulating preliminary treatment plans based on the qualitative and quantitative measurement results.
Ok, gegen Cupids Pfeil hilft keine Firewall – Sichere(s) Daten durch ganzheitlichen Kompetenzaufbau
Authors: Finster Rebecca , Kronschläger Thomas , Grogorick Linda , Robra-Bissantz Susanne
Published: December 2023

In einer ständig präsenten digitalen Umgebung, die Technologie als zentrales Angebot nutzt, gewinnt Online-Dating immer mehr an Popularität. Ein Großteil der jüngeren Bevölkerung hat Erfahrung damit. Doch diese Entwicklung bringt neue Herausforderungen in Bezug auf Datenschutz und Informationssicherheit mit sich. Online-Dating-Plattformen (z. B. OkCupid) und -Apps (z. B. Tinder) führen zur Entstehung von Cyberintimität und eröffnen Risiken, wie Social Engineering, bei denen Menschen beeinflusst werden, um vertrauliche Informationen preiszugeben. Diese Bedrohungen könnten nicht nur persönliche Leben beeinträchtigen, sondern auch die Sicherheit von Unternehmen gefährden. Opfer von Social Engineering könnten in der vermeintlich privaten Online-Dating-Umgebung unbeabsichtigt sensible Informationen enthüllen und dadurch Unternehmensnetzwerke gefährden. Daher ist es von großer Bedeutung, digitale Fähigkeiten in Kompetenzbereichen wie Information Security Awareness und Kommunikation zu stärken und eine kritische Herangehensweise an online geteilte Informationen zu entwickeln. Diese Untersuchung analysiert die Verbindung zwischen Informationssicherheit und Online-Dating durch eine interdisziplinäre hermeneutische Analyse. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der Rolle von Kommunikation und anderen digitalen Kompetenzen im Kontext von Informationssicherheit und Social Engineering und verdeutlicht die Wichtigkeit von Informationssicherheit über das Berufsleben hinaus.