bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembentukan Karakter Kepemimpinan Profetik Berbasis Trilogi Kepemimpinan Ki Hajar Dewantara melalui Kegiatan Kepramukaan
Authors: Ariyanti Novi , Himsyah Unun Zumairoh Asr
Published: March 2022

This research is motivated by the unique activities of scouts at SMA 45 Purwodadi which are oriented to the formation of leadership characters. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. Through data collection techniques using interviews, observation and documentation, the research seeks to reveal the system used in the formation of leadership character, along with the supporting and inhibiting factors. The results show that the implementation of scouting activities uses the ‘Among’ system which reflects the trilogy values ​​of ‘Ing Ngarso sung Tulodo, Ing madya mangun Karso and Tut wuri Handayani’, meaning that the front gives an example, the middle gives encouragement and the back always encourages. The leadership character is strived to be formed through 5 activities: 1) unit leader rehearsal 2) upgrading, seminars and workshops, 3) Persami 4) Community service camp, and 5) Scout Action Unit (SAKA), so that a prophetic leadership character is formed by increasing knowledge, skills, and abilities. experience and life skills, which adhere to the characteristics of the Prophet, namely ‘Shidiq’, ‘Amanah’, ‘Tabligh’ and ‘Fathanah’. Support and commitment from schools, reliable and experienced scout coaches and synergistic relationships are supporting factors in the formation of leadership characteristics. Meanwhile, student motivation and lack of infrastructure are part of the inhibiting factors that become the material for evaluation and improvement for SMA 45 Purwodadi.
NGHIÊN CỨU KỸ THUẬT NHÂN GIỐNG BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP GHÉP LOÀI GIỔI ĂN HẠT (Michelia tonkinensis A.Chev.)
Authors: Hùng Nguyễn Văn , Hiểu Đỗ Thế , Hải Trần Ngọc
Published: March 2022

Bài báo này trình bày tóm tắt những kết quả về chọn cây trội và thử nghiệm nhân giống bằng phương pháp ghép loài cây Giổi ăn hạt. Nghiên cứu đã tuyển chọn được 30 cây trội Giổi ăn hạt tại hai huyện Lạc Sơn và Kim Bôi tỉnh Hòa Bình làm nguồn cung cấp vật liệu cành ghép phục vụ nhân giống; đã thử nghiệm hai phương pháp ghép là ghép áp cạnh và ghép nêm; thử nghiệm hai loại cành để ghép là cành non và cành bánh tẻ; thử nghiệm loại gốc ghép ở hai độ tuổi là 12 tháng và 18 tháng tuổi; thử nghiệm các thời vụ ghép là vụ Đông, vụ Xuân, vụ Hè và vụ Thu. Mỗi công thức thí nghiệm gồm 50 cây, các công thức được bố trí theo khối ngẫu nhiên đầy đủ và được lặp lại 3 lần. Các chỉ tiêu theo dõi, đánh giá gồm: Tỷ lệ sống (được thu thập ở các thời điểm sau khi ghép 30 ngày, 60 ngày, 90 ngày, và 120 ngày); sinh trưởng chiều cao chồi ghép (thu thập tại thời điểm sau ghép 30 ngày và 120 ngày. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy sử dụng phương pháp ghép nêm, loại cành ghép là cành bánh tẻ, loại gốc ghép 12 tháng tuổi và ghép vào vụ Đông và vụ Xuân cho tỷ lệ cây sống sau ghép 120 ngày (cành ghép đã ổn định) cao nhất với tỷ lệ hom sống đạt 60,7 – 74,7%, chiều cao chồi ghép đạt 28,27 – 31,6 cm.
THE EFFECT OF PEER EDUCATION PROVIDED UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL TO YOUNG ADULTS ON THEIR GENITAL HYGIENE BEHAVIORS: THE CASE OF TURKEY
Authors: POLAT Filiz , ŞİMŞEK KÜÇÜKKELEPÇE Didem , DELİBAŞ Leyla
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effect of peer education provided under the guidance of health promotion model to young adults on their genital hygiene behaviors.This quasi-experimental study with a single group pretest-posttest model was conducted. In the study, 50 students studying in the midwifery department of a university in the southeastern Turkey were determined as peer educators. The education was provided to a total of 442 people aged between 18-25 years who were selected with improbable sampling method. It was determined that peer education given under the guidance of the health promotion model was effective and the knowledge level of young adults about genital hygiene behaviors increased. In order to give genital hygiene education to wider masses and groups, peer education based on the health promotion model can be recommended.
EVALUATION OF PAIN, ANXIETY AND HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS IN THE GROUPS LİSTENING AND NOT LISTENING TO MUSIC IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: ALBAYRAK PIROL Ayşe , GÜN Meral , ERDOĞAN semra
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effect of music listened to during compulsory bed rest after coronary angiography on pain, anxiety and hemodynamic parameters experienced by patients. 80 patients were randomized into the music and control groups. The patients in the music group were allowed to listen to music (Sufi, relaxing, sounds of nature) preferred by them for 20-30 minutes half an hour after admission to the service for follow-up after angiography. No music was listened for the control group. The pain, anxiety, and hemodynamic parameters of the patients were measured before, immediately after, one hour after listening to music, and at discharge. Descriptive statistics, Student t, Mann Whitney U, Repeat Measurament, Fridman and Chi-square tests were used to evaluate the data. There was no statistically significant intergroup difference in terms of average scores of pain and anxiety and hemodynamic parameters at the baseline (p>0.05). The difference between the average scores of pain and anxiety between groups in all measurements after listening to music was found to be significant (p<0.05). The mean anxiety and pain scores of the patients in the study group were lower. In the study group, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate decreased, and oxygen saturation increased in all measurements after listening to music (p<0.05).
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREGNANCY STRESS AND SLEEP QUALITY WITH TRIMESTER
Authors: UĞURLU Meltem , ARSLAN Gizem , YÜKSEL Mertcan
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate pregnancy stress and sleep quality according to trimester. The study, which was planned as a descriptive cross-sectional type, was carried out with 148 pregnant women. Data were collected using a personal information form, PSAS-36 and PSQI. Descriptive statistics, One Way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U, Independent Two Sample Test and were used in the analysis of the data. The total of 33.1% of the pregnant women were in the first trimester, 33.1% were in the 2nd trimester and 33.8% were in the 3rd trimester. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean PSAS-36 total scores of the pregnant women according to the trimester (p < 0.05). However, it was observed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean PSQI scores of pregnant women according to trimester (p < 0.001). Poor sleep quality rates were 44.9% in the 1st trimester, 38.8% in the 2nd trimester & 64% in the 3rd trimester. A positive and significant correlation was found between the PSAS-36 and the total PSQI score (r: 0.246; p < 0.05). Increased total pregnancy stress score and being in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy is significantly increases the total score of PSQI (p: 0.001, p: 0.005). It was determined that the stress level of pregnant women was high in all three trimesters, and the worst sleep quality was experienced in the third trimester. Sleep quality decreases as the level of pregnancy stress increases and in the third trimester of pregnancy. It is recommended that midwives and nurses evaluate stress and sleep quality during pregnancy with objective tests and take interventions to reduce the stress level of pregnant women and increase sleep quality.
A Mini Review on Biological Activities and synthetic approaches for 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles
Authors: Hameed Ahmed Ibrahim , Alam Mujahid
Published: March 2022

This mini-review presents a summary of literature survey on the synthetic approaches for the preparation of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and their derivatives. Further, various biological activities of these derivatives were also summarized.
ICP-OES Determination of Trace Metals in Groundwater of Proddatur area, YSR Kadapa dist., AP-India
Authors: P Suresh , Babu A Ramesh , N Sharmila , Kishore Ch Venkata
Published: March 2022

Groundwater is the only drinking water source in the study area. Heavy metals may be considered as contaminants in the groundwater of this area due to dyeing and electroplating industries. Extreme amounts of heavy metals within drinkable waters may have a variety of short-and long-term health consequences for humans. There are no reports of heavy metals in any previous studies of this area. Ten groundwater samples were collected from different locations of Proddatur and analyzed for twelve trace metals namely arsenic, cadmium, manganese, copper, iron, mercury, chromium, nickel, lead, molybdenum, zinc and selenium using the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) method at trace levels. The proportion of elements in the examined sample determines the strength of the energy released. The results showed that 70% of samples contained Molybdenum, 30% of samples contained lead and copper which were reported within allowable bounds of WHO. The cadmium concentration in 40% samples was detected above World Health Organization -WHO guidelines. Cadmium is a very hazardous environmental and industrial waste adulterant. Consumable water containing high amounts of cadmium causes severe stomach irritation, resulting in vomiting, diarrhea, renal damage, osteoporosis, & osteomalacia. So, periodical monitoring and elaborate study on heavy metal pollution in groundwater are suggested
Silica supported triethylamine catalyzed synthesis and characterization of 4-aminoantipyrene derived N2O2type of Novel Schiff base metal complexes
Authors: Dakore Sharad D. , Kamble Vinod T.
Published: March 2022

A new series of transition metal complexes Cu(II), Ni (II), Zn(II) and CO(II) were synthesized from the schiff base (L) derived from 4-aminoantipyrine, 3-thiophene carboxaldehyde and acetyl acetone in first step. In second step metal complexes are preparedfrom synthesized schiff base and divalent metal ions in the presence of silica supported triethylamine catalyst at ambient temperature. The structural features were arrived from their magnetic moment, molar conductance, 1H NMR and ESR, thermal analysis, XRD spectral studies. The synthesized compounds were also screened for their antimicrobial properties.
Phytochemical Screening and GC-MS analysis of Pavonia Zeylanica
Authors: Rao Y.S.V.S.Joga , Lanka Annasamuel , Bhavani K. Geetha , Ramachandran D. , Bollikolla H.B.
Published: March 2022

The current paper is focused to screen phytochemicals, and GC-MS from the leaves of P. zeylanica. This study deals with screening of phytochemicals, isolation of bioactive compound(s) and characterization partial purified and purified compounds (Silica gel Column Chromatography coupled with TLC) with the aid of GC-MS.
Preliminary Survey of the Intestinal Helminths of Grasscutter and Antelope (Bush Meat) in Omagwa Rivers State
Authors: P. N. Abara , L. A. Adjeroh , M. O. Nwachukwu , I.D. Osinomumu
Published: March 2022

The preliminary investigation on the prevalence of intestinal helminths in two popularly consumed wild games (bushmeat) Thryonomys swinderianus (grasscutter) and Alcelaphinaespp. (antelope) from Omagwa district in River State, Nigeria was carried out using the concentration technique (formalin ether method) and fecal egg count/larvae count technique. A total of 110 slaughtered animals were used, 45 males (40.9%) and 65 females (59.1%), of this total number of the test samples, 60 (54.5%) were grasscutters consisting of 25 (41.7%) males and 35 (58.3%) females and antelopes were 50 (45.5%) consisting of 20 (40.0%) males and 30 (60.0%) females. In general, out of the total number of grasscutters examined, 15 (37.5%) males and 25 (62.5%) females were infected with the intestinal helminths. Also, from the total number of antelopes examined, 10 (38.5%) males and 16 (61.5%) females were infected. And the result from t-Test showed that there were no significant difference (P > 0.05) from the number of samples examined, as both test samples were infected by different intestinal helminths, irrespective of the highest rate of infection shown by the females at 41 (62.1%) as against males at 25 (37.9%). In addition, this result revealed the presence of seven different species of intestinal helminths (Ascarisspp,Strongyloidesspp, Trichurisspp, Fasciolaspp, Taeniaspp, Moniliformisspp, and Hookworm) of which Ascaris spp., Strongyloides spp., Taenia spp., and Hookworm were present in both and Trichuris spp., withMoniliformis spp. being presentin grasscutters, while Fasciola spp. was only foundin antelope. The females from both test samples has the highest count of ova/worm of the intestinal helminthic as at 162 (antelopes) and 81 (grasscutters) against the males at 79 (antelopes) and 40 (grasscutters). But the result from ANOVA shows that there were no statistical significant difference (P > 0.05) in the prevalence of intestinal helminthic ova’s/worm’s between the male and female of both test sample. It is believed that this study will spark further research into the other types of consumable bushmeats and at the same time draw the attention of necessary bodies into the monitoring of the activities of various eateries and outlets where these meats are served, so as to ensure that good hygiene is maintained.
Green synthesis of Ag-nanoparticles by roots-extract of Rumex nepalensis and their biological potentials
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Altaf Muhammad , Shakir Yasmeen , Ayaz Muhammad , Sherkheli Muhammad Azhar , Ali Basharat , Islam Arshad
Published: March 2022

The current study has reported the silver-nanoparticle’s green synthesis of silver-nanoparticles using silver ions from silver nitrate and by aqueous-root-extract of R. nepalensis. Initial clue of Ag-nanoparticles (AgNPs) formation was change in the color of solution from light brown to grey followed by broad band of UV-Visible spectrum obtained at 447 nm. Average size of the resulting AgNPs was 17.15 nm and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed their crystalline cubic structure. SEM showed high intensity, spherical and cubic shaped AgNPs in addition to some irregular morphologyof AgNPs’ FT-IR analysis indicated incidenceof natural products which reducedthe silver and stabilized the resulting NPs and that is also evident by the rich phenolic (149 mg RE/g) and flavonoids (143mg GAE/g) contents in methanolic rootextract of R. nepalensis. These phenolic and flavonoid contents were also found responsible for antioxidant potency (IC50= 1.533) shown by the same extract. Antibacterial screening of methanolic extract, aqueous extract and biosynthesized AgNPs of R. nepalensis showed inhibition zone (8.0, 6.0 and 8.0mm) and (10.0, 11.0 and 8.0mm)against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. In this study, antibacterial activities of aqueous rootextract of R. nepalensis was found to be the most potent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Isolation and Identification of Antimicrobial Compounds from Berberis aristata Root Extract
Authors: Raithak Pranita V. , Dhabe Arvind S. , Atkore Sandeep T. , Narsimhaswamy D. , Varala Ravi
Published: March 2022

Berberis aristata (Berberidaceae) is an influential medicinal plant and found in the different provinces of the world. It has compelling medicinal value in the traditional Indian system of medicine. More multitudinous secondary metabolites are contemporary within the plants, which helps to cure the disease. The chromatographic techniques have significant role in natural products chemistry and discovery of innovative compounds of pharmaceutical and biomedical importance. The aim of the present study is to evaluate sequestration of secondary metabolites using column-chromatographic techniques and this metabolites can be further secluded, identified by using LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS system and also performed its antimicrobial activity. These metabolites were characterized for determination of medicinal properties. This study helps to identify the presence of secondary metabolic compounds in the plant.
Synthesis of Pharmacologically Active Indazoles and Its Analogues: A Review
Authors: Boddapati S N Murthy , Rao Saketi Jagan Mohan , M Baby Ramana , Gokada Maheswara Rao , Patchipala Suri Babu , Bollikolla Hari Babu
Published: March 2022

Studies on heterocyclic compounds are an evergreen branch of organic chemistry and attract the attention of chemists working not only in the field of natural products but also in synthetic chemistry. Indazole and its derivatives are one of the most vital heterocycles in drug molecules. Diversely substituted indazole derivatives have gained considerable attention in the field of medicinal chemistry due to their versatile biological activities. This mini review aims to abridge the recent (2011-2021 till date) advances in various methods for the synthesis of indazole derivatives. Moreover, the current developments in the biological activities of indazole-based compounds are also presented.
Preparation of Graphene from Graphene oxide by Chemical Reducing Agents
Authors: Kurmarayuni Chandra Mohan , Chandu Basavaiah , Devarapu Chandra Sekhar , Yangalasetty Lakshmi Prasanna , Gali Siva Jyothsna , Chennuboyana Srihari , Bollikolla Hari Babu
Published: March 2022

Graphene, an atomically sp2 hybridized thin two-dimensional carbon community material, got prodigious attention in the scientific field. Particularly, this review aims to provide the preparation approaches which can be used to reduce the oxygen assembly of graphene oxide to graphene. This review provides literature on the chemical reducing agents up to 2020.
Interaksi Hukum dan Sains dalam Siklus Kebijakan Baku Mutu Udara Ambien
Authors: Aminudin Cecep , Fadly Refial , Hermawan
Published: March 2022

Standar lingkungan seperti Baku Mutu Udara Ambien (BMUA) merupakan inti dari hukum lingkungan khususnya yang menggunakan pendekatan atur dan awasi. Pertimbangan sains sangat penting dalam menentukan BMUA meskipun bukan satu-satunya hal yang dipertimbangkan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi lebih lanjut mengenai masalah interaksi hukum dan sains dalam siklus kebijakan BMUA. Ada berbagai peluang interaksi hukum dan sains dalam seluruh siklus kebijakan BMUA yang dapat berkontribusi pada kebijakan dan hukum lingkungan yang lebih baik. Komunikasi sains dan hukum yang efektif merupakan salah satu hal penting bagi interaksi yang lebih bermanfaat.
Recent advances and challenges in antibacterial drug development
Authors: Gigante Valeria , Sati Hatim , Beyer Peter
Published: March 2022

The abstract is not provided being a short comunication / featured article.
Letramento funcional em saúde de usuários da atenção primária de Altamira, Pará
Authors: Lima Rafael Ileus Monteiro , Parente Mariellen Aguiar , Ferreira Talita Isabelle Sena Pantoja , Coelho Alexandre Apolo Silva , Loureiro Evellyn Vitória Sousa de , Barbosa Taynara Menezes , Lustosa Sasha Botelho , Damasceno Osvaldo Correia , Teixeira Francisco Bruno
Published: March 2022

Introdução: O Letramento Funcional em Saúde (LFS) está associado à capacidade dos pacientes em compreender e utilizar seus conhecimentos em saúde no âmbito do autocuidado e na promoção a saúde. Por isso, torna-se essencial reconhecer o nível de LFS e identificar os fatores que o influenciam. Objetivo: Analisar o nível de letramento funcional em saúde (LFS) de usuários de Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) na área urbana de Altamira (PA). Métodos: Estudo transversal no qual a coleta de dados ocorreu entre agosto de 2018 e dezembro de 2019 em 12 USF da área urbana. O cálculo amostral foi realizado com base na população urbana de Altamira registrada pelo Censo de 2010. Utilizou-se intervalo de confiança de 95% com margem de erro de 5% e prevalência de achados de 50% em uma população semelhante, encontrando-se assim o valor de 382. Os participantes foram entrevistados a fim de se coletarem informações sobre dados sociodemográficos, e posteriormente foi aplicado um questionário baseado na versão brasileira do Short Test of Functional Health Literacy (S-TOFHLA), instrumento utilizado para a mensuração do LFS. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, o teste qui-quadrado, o teste G e a odds ratio foram utilizados para verificar a relação entre a pontuação do S-TOFHLA e os dados sociodemográficos. Além disso, uma análise de regressão múltipla foi realizada para predizer os fatores que interferem no LFS. Por fim, o teste ANOVA buscou diferenças entre os níveis de LFS dos usuários nas USF analisadas. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 400 participantes, dos quais 59% apresentaram LFS adequado, 16,5% limítrofe e 24,5% inadequado. As variáveis, grau de escolaridade, idade e renda foram associadas ao LFS na população estudada, predizendo, respectivamente, em 46, 26 e 17% o desempenho no teste S-TOFHLA. Baixa escolaridade e baixa renda aumentam o risco de indivíduos possuírem LFS insatisfatório em cinco e quatro vezes, nessa ordem. Por fim, foram encontradas diferenças entre os níveis de LFS dos usuários das USF analisadas. Conclusões: A população da área urbana de Altamira apresentou alta prevalência de LFS insatisfatório. Sendo assim, no intuito de aumentar os resultados satisfatórios em saúde, os profissionais da região devem adequar as suas formas de comunicação e linguagem às necessidades dos usuários das USF, observando que a adequação da equipe pode trazer melhorias para o entendimento das informações e oportunizar melhores condições de recuperação e autocuidado em saúde.
Comparison of the Effects of Salbutamol, Epinephrine, and 5% Inhaled Hypertonic Saline on Infants with Acute Bronchiolitis
Authors: Barati Leila , Mousavi Khosravi Seyed Ali , Ariannejad Safa , Ahani Azari Ali , Shahkar Lobat
Published: March 2022

Background: Bronchiolitis is a lower respiratory tract infection and one of the major health concerns and hospitalization factors in infants. Objectives: This study aimed to address inconsistencies in treating this disease. Methods: This study is a double-blind clinical trial investigating the effect of salbutamol, epinephrine, and 5% inhaled hypertonic saline on treating infants with bronchiolitis referred to the Taleghani Pediatrics Hospital in Gorgan, Iran, during 2019 - 2020. The clinical results of the treatments and hospitalization stay were also evaluated. Results: In this study, the study sample encompassed 18 girls and 39 boys. There was no significant difference between the three groups regarding age, gender, parental literacy level, and history of allergies. Salbutamol and epinephrine, in comparison to hypertonic saline, were effective in shortening patients' hospital stay (P = 0.004). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the oxygen saturation of in the patients 48 h after treatment in the salbutamol and epinephrine groups compared to the saline group (P = 0.001). Conclusions: In comparison to hypertonic saline, salbutamol and epinephrine can be selected to treat children with acute bronchiolitis since they can shorten hospital stay improve O2 saturation, and decrease treatment costs imposed on the health care system and families.
Social Promotion of Meaningful Work as a Project of Democratising Society
Authors: Osawa Shin ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: March 2022

In this article, I argue that the state should promote meaningful work, defending a liberal perfectionist politics for this purpose. To construct my argument, I critically engage with Andrea Veltman’s view that the state should not promote meaningful work because it infringes on autonomy in people’s choice of work. I argue that authentically meaningful work achieved in the context of this autonomy requires flourishing liberal democracy, but such democracy calls for the state’s promotion of meaningful work. Carole Pateman’s insight that workplace democracy nurtures people’s political agency informs my argument. I also address objections concerning state neutrality and empirical validity.
Effect of Calcium Hydroxide (CH), Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP), Nano-sized CH and Nano-sized TAP as Intracanal Medicament on the Push-out Bond Strength of Biodentine: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Gangavarapu Eswar Kowsik Gangavarapu Eswar x , Garlapati Roopadevi , Bolla Nages h , Sayesh Vemuri Sayesh x , Sunil Chukka Ram , Nandipati Keerthi Priya
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Root perforations are one of the common procedural errors faced in endodontic procedures. The ideal root repair material must be capable of bonding to the dentin. Calcium Hydroxide (CH) and Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP) are mostly used for root canal disinfection. Aim: To evaluate the effect of calcium hydroxide, triple antibiotic paste, nano-sized calcium hydroxide and nano-sized triple antibiotic paste as intracanal medicament on the push-out bond strength of biodentine. Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study was conducted in Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur for a period of 1 month (March 2020). A total of fifty maxillary central incisors (n=50) were decoronated, instrumented with ProTaper rotary NiTi instrument followed by peesoreamers up to no.3, and were divided into five groups (n=10). Group I: CH, Group II: Nano calcium hydroxide, Group III: Triple antibiotic paste, Group IV: Nano triple antibiotic paste and Group V: Control group. The respective medicaments were mixed with propylene glycol and placed to the working length. After one week, medicaments were removed using Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI). Later, samples were sectioned into slices of 2 mm thickness using hard tissue microtome, and biodentine root repair material was placed into lumen of the slices. All the samples were stored for one week at 37°C, then subjected to push-out bond strength test. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA, Tuckey, Dunnets Post-hoc test (p-value <0.05). Results: The highest push-out bond strength values were observed in the group IV (p-value <0.001) and least in the control group. Biodentine showed significantly higher resistanceto displacement among the group II (p-value=0.431) and group IV (p-value=0.074) when compared with their conventional medicaments. Conclusion: Nano Triple Antibiotic Paste and Nano Calcium Hydroxide enhanced the push-out bond strength values of biodentine when compared to their conventional intracanal medicaments.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green by Layered Double Hydroxide Based Composites
Authors: Yuliasari Nova , Wijaya Alfan , Mohadi Risfidian , Elfita Elfita , Lesbani Aldes
Published: March 2022

Studies of LDH materials to be applied as photocatalyst for dye pollutant degradation have been developed. These interesting efforts are inseparable from the investigation of degradation performance and competitive synthetic methods. Composites based on Zn/Al and Mg/Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with ZnO and TiO2 were prepared by coprecipitation-impregnation method following by calcination at 300 °C to forms Zn/Al-ZnO, Mg/Al-ZnO, Zn/Al-TiO2, and Mg/Al-TiO2. Composites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM and UV-DRS. Photodegradation of malachite green (MG) was carried out, after optimization of pH, catalyst loading and contact time in batch system under UV irradiation. XRD and spectroscopic data shows composites were successfully formed indicated by formation of both pristine materials. Degradation of malachite green showed that composites as photocatalyst have higher catalytic activity than pristine LDHs. LDH-ZnO composite have better activity, energy band gap and degradation reusability than LDH-TiO2. The Zn/Al-ZnO and Zn/Al-TiO2 composites degraded 97.1% and 96.3% MG, whereas the Mg/Al-ZnO and Mg/Al-TiO2 composites were able to degrade 99.8% and 98.6% MG, respectively. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Risk stratification of indeterminate thyroid nodules by novel multigene testing: a study of Asians with a high risk of malignancy
Authors: Hu Chunfang , Jing Weiwei , Chang Qing , Zhang Zhihui , Liu Zhenrong , Cao Jian , Zhao Linlin , Sun Yue , Wang Cong , Zhao Huan , Xiao Ting , Guo Huiqin
Published: March 2022

Molecular testing of indeterminate thyroid nodules informs about the presence of point mutations, insertions/deletions, copy number variants, RNA fusions, transcript alterations and miRNA expression. American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines suggest molecular testing of indeterminate thyroid nodules may be considered to supplement risk of malignancy (ROM). Although these recommendations have been incorporated in clinical practices in the United States, molecular testing of indeterminate thyroid nodules is not common practice in Asia. Here, we performed molecular testing of 140 indeterminate nodules from Chinese patients using a novel molecular platform composed of RNA and DNA‐RNA classifiers, which is similar to Afirma GEC and ThyroSeq v3. Compared with reports from North America, the new RNA and DNA‐RNA classifiers had a higher positive predictive value (p1 = 0.000 and p2 = 0.020) but a lower negative predictive value (p1 = 0.004 and p2 = 0.098), with no significant differences in sensitivity (p1 = 0.625 and p2 = 0.179) or specificity (p1 = 0.391 and p2 = 0.264). Out of 58 resected nodules, 10 were borderline and 33 malignant, indicating a 74.1% ROM, which was higher than reports in North America (10–40% ROM). Our findings emphasize molecular testing with the newly reported RNA and DNA‐RNA classifiers can be used as a ‘rule‐in’ test when ROM is high.
How hydrolytic exoribonucleases impact human disease: Two sides of the same story
Authors: Costa Susana M. , Saramago Margarida , Matos Rute G. , Arraiano Cecília M. , Viegas Sandra C.
Published: March 2022

RNAs are extremely important molecules inside the cell, which perform many different functions. For example, messenger RNAs, transfer RNAs and ribosomal RNAs are involved in protein synthesis, whereas noncoding RNAs have numerous regulatory roles. Ribonucleases (RNases) are the enzymes responsible for the processing and degradation of all types of RNAs, having multiple roles in every aspect of RNA metabolism. However, the involvement of RNases in disease is still not well understood. This review focuses on the involvement of the RNase II/RNB family of 3′–5′ exoribonucleases in human disease. This can be attributed to direct effects, whereby mutations in the eukaryotic enzymes of this family [defective in sister chromatid joining (Dis3; or Rrp44), Dis3‐like exonuclease 1 (Dis3L1; or Dis3L) and Dis3‐like exonuclease 2 (Dis3L2)] are associated with a disease, or indirect effects, whereby mutations in the prokaryotic counterparts of RNase II/RNB family (RNase II and/or RNase R) affect the physiology and virulence of several human pathogens. In this review, we compare the structural and biochemical characteristics of the members of the RNase II/RNB family of enzymes. The outcomes of mutations impacting enzymatic function are revisited, in terms of both the direct and indirect effects on disease. Furthermore, we also describe the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) viral exoribonuclease and its importance to combat the COVID‐19 pandemic. As a result, RNases may be a good therapeutic target to reduce bacterial and viral pathogenicity. These are the two perspectives on RNase II/RNB family enzymes that are presented in this review.
Direct Ink Writing: A 3D Printing Technology for Diverse Materials
Authors: Saadi M. A. S. R. , Maguire Alianna , Pottackal Neethu T. , Thakur Md Shajedul Hoque , Ikram Maruf Md. , Hart A. John , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Rahman Muhammad M.
Published: March 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained significant attention due to its ability to drive technological development as a sustainable, flexible, and customizable manufacturing scheme. Among the various AM techniques, direct ink writing (DIW) has emerged as the most versatile 3D printing technique for the broadest range of materials. DIW allows printing of practically any material, as long as the precursor ink can be engineered to demonstrate appropriate rheological behavior. This technique acts as a unique pathway to introduce design freedom, multifunctionality, and stability simultaneously into its printed structures. Here, a comprehensive review of DIW of complex 3D structures from various materials, including polymers, ceramics, glass, cement, graphene, metals, and their combinations through multimaterial printing is presented. The review begins with an overview of the fundamentals of ink rheology, followed by an in‐depth discussion of the various methods to tailor the ink for DIW of different classes of materials. Then, the diverse applications of DIW ranging from electronics to food to biomedical industries are discussed. Finally, the current challenges and limitations of this technique are highlighted, followed by its prospects as a guideline toward possible futuristic innovations.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Fibers Embedded with Zincophilic Cu Nanoboxes for Stable Zn‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Zeng Yinxiang , Sun Peng Xiao , Pei Zhihao , Jin Qi , Zhang Xitian , Yu Le , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: March 2022

The practical application of Zn‐metal anodes (ZMAs) is mainly impeded by the limited lifespan and low Coulombic efficiency (CE) resulting from the Zn dendrite growth and side reactions. Herein, a 3D multifunctional host consisting of N‐doped carbon fibers embedded with Cu nanoboxes (denoted as Cu NBs@NCFs) is rationally designed and developed for stable ZMAs. The 3D macroporous configuration and hollow structure can lower the local current density and alleviate the large volume change during the repeated cycling processes. Furthermore, zincophilic Cu and in‐situ‐formed Cu–Zn alloy can act as homogeneous nucleation sites to minimize the Zn nucleation overpotential, further guiding uniform and dense Zn deposition. As a result, this Cu NBs@NCFs host exhibits high CE of Zn plating/stripping for 1000 cycles. The Cu NBs@NCFs–Zn electrode shows low voltage hysteresis and prolonged cycling life (450 h) with dendrite‐free behaviors. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, a Zn‐ion full cell is fabricated based on this Cu NBs@NCFs–Zn anode, which demonstrates decent rate capability and improved cycling performance.
Constructing 3D Porous Current Collectors for Stable and Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Li Dongdong , Chen Bin , Hu Henghui , Lai Wen‐Yong
Published: March 2022

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are considered promising candidates for the next‐generation rechargeable batteries due to the ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g−1) and the lowest negative electrochemical potential (−3.040 V versus the standard hydrogen anode) of lithium metal. However, the practical application of LMBs has been hindered by various serious challenges, especially the low cycling stability of lithium anodes due to the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites, unstable solid–electrolyte interphase, and excessive volume change of lithium metal. 3D lithium metal anodes with reduced local current density and alleviated volume expansion can be used to improve the safety performance of LMBs. The design of various 3D structures is therefore critical to achieve high‐performance lithium metal anodes. This review summarizes recent advances of several important 3D porous structures such as foam structures, parallel arrays, interweaved structures, coiled structures, Janus structures, gradient structures, and alloy frameworks for stable and dendrite‐free lithium metal anodes. The constructing strategies and modification methods of 3D lithium metal anodes are discussed in detail. The design and construction of novel 3D porous current collectors are expected to provide promising opportunities for the next‐generation of high‐energy‐density LMBs.
Homeostasis Imbalance of YY2 and YY1 Promotes Tumor Growth by Manipulating Ferroptosis
Authors: Li Yanjun , Li Juan , Li Zhuolin , Wei Mankun , Zhao Hezhao , Miyagishi Makoto , Wu Shourong , Kasim Vivi
Published: March 2022

Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death caused by disruption of redox homeostasis and is closely linked to amino acid metabolism. Yin Yang 2 (YY2) and its homolog Yin Yang 1 (YY1) are highly homologous, especially in their zinc‐finger domains. Furthermore, they share a consensus DNA binding motif. Increasing evidences have demonstrated the tumor suppressive effect of YY2, in contrast with the oncogenic YY1; however, little is known about the biological and pathological functions of YY2. Here, it is determined that YY2 induces tumor cell ferroptosis and subsequently suppresses tumorigenesis by inhibiting solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) transcription, leading to the decreased glutathione biosynthesis. Furthermore, YY2 and YY1 bind competitively to the same DNA binding site in the SLC7A11 promoter and antagonistically regulate tumor cell ferroptosis, thus suggesting the molecular mechanism underlying their opposite regulation on tumorigenesis. Moreover, mutations of YY2 zinc‐finger domains in clinical cancer patients abrogate YY2/SLC7A11 axis and tumor cell ferroptosis. Together, these results provide a new insight regarding the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis, and a mechanistic explanation regarding the tumor suppressive effect of YY2. Finally, these findings demonstrate that homeostasis between YY1 and YY2 is crucial for maintaining redox homeostasis in tumor cells.
In Situ Monitored (N, O)‐Doping of Flexible Vertical Graphene Films with High‐Flux Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition for Remarkable Metal‐Free Redox Catalysis Essential to Alkaline Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Wu Zhiheng , Yu Yuran , Zhang Gongkai , Zhang Yongshang , Guo Ruxin , Li Lu , Zhao Yige , Wang Zhuo , Shen Yonglong , Shao Guosheng
Published: March 2022

Rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs) have attracted great interests for emerging energy applications. Nevertheless, one of the major bottlenecks lies in the fabrication of bifunctional catalysts with high electrochemical activity, high stability, low cost, and free of precious and rare metals. Herein, a high‐performance metal‐free bifunctional catalyst is synthesized in a single step by regulating radicals within the recently invented high‐flux plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (HPECVD) system equipped with in situ plasma diagnostics. Thus‐derived (N, O)‐doped vertical few‐layer graphene film (VGNO) is of high areal population with perfect vertical orientation, tunable catalytic states, and configurations, thus enabling significantly enhanced electrochemical kinetic processes of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with reference to milestone achievements to date. Application of such VGNO to aqueous ZABs (A‐ZABs) and flexible solid‐state ZABs (S‐ZABs) exhibited high discharge power density and excellent cycling stability, which remarkably outperformed ZABs using benchmarked precious‐metal based catalysts. The current work provides a solid basis toward developing low‐cost, resource‐sustainable, and eco‐friendly ZABs without using any metals for outstanding OER and ORR catalysis.
A Review on the Synthesis and Applications of α‐Alkylidene Succinimides
Authors: Sakkani Nagaraju , Nanda Santosh Kumar
Published: March 2022

The widespread biological activity and manifestation of multiple reactive centers in itaconimides/α‐alkylidene succinimides have made them as one of the valuable synthetic targets. In this domain, various strategies have been developed to portray the proficiency of these N‐bearing heterocycles. The current review summarizes the biological activity, synthesis, and use of itaconimides/α‐alkylidene succinimide in numerous useful transformations under many reacting environments.
Comparison of captive and wild fascicularis‐group macaques (Primates, Cercopithecidae) provides insight into cranial form changes in response to rapid environmental changes
Authors: Arenson Julia L. , Simons Evan A. , Anderson Monya , Eller Andrea R. , White Frances J. , Frost Stephen R.
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Geographic variation is an important feature among primates, but the mechanisms underlying it are not well understood. Macaques are geographically widespread and have been translocated to captive populations, providing a prime opportunity to evaluate changes in cranial form in response to a novel environment. Clinal variation was assessed among wild fascicularis‐group macaques and compared to two translocated populations to explore the relative contributions of developmental plasticity and microevolutionary forces in producing geographic variation in cranial form.

Materials and Methods

Forty‐five 3D coordinates over the cranium were taken on 380 wild macaques and 56 captive Macaca mulatta from Cayo Santiago, PR and Beaverton, OR. Geographic shape, represented by the singular warp scores from a two‐block partial least squares analysis, and centroid size were regressed against latitude, mean annual temperature, and mean annual precipitation among wild macaques. The two captive populations were compared to wild M. mulatta to assess potential changes in cranial form.

Results

Size and geographic shape were highly correlated with latitude in wild macaques, but neither ecological variable was important across the entire cline. Precipitation was important for shape only outside the tropics. Translocated M. mulatta are significantly larger, but not different in shape, compared to wild M. mulatta.

Discussion

These results are consistent with previous studies demonstrating cranial form is latitudinally variable among fascicularis‐group macaques, but the potential drivers remain unclear. Size is highly plastic while geographic shape has evolved differentiation at interpopulation and interspecific levels. Variation in cranial morphology likely arises first in size, followed relatively rapidly by evolved modifications to shape.
Catchment‐scale distribution, abundance, habitat use, and movements of European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) in a small UK river: Implications for conservation management
Authors: Harwood Andrew J.P. , Perrow Martin R. , Sayer Carl D. , Piper Adam T. , Berridge Richard J. , Patmore Ian R. , Emson Dave , Cooper George
Published: March 2022

Effective conservation management of the Critically Endangered European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is hindered by incomplete understanding of distribution, abundance, and habitat requirements at the catchment scale.

All habitats available to eels within a small, highly regulated river catchment, representative of many used across the species' range, were sampled using several methods (including point abundance sample electric fishing and fyke nets) and supplemented by individual telemetry to investigate movements.

Eels were found throughout the catchment (59% of n = 131 sites) from the coastal marshes to the headwaters, although the probability of presence declined with distance from the estuary. The lack of a clear relationship with perceived barriers may illustrate a mismatch with the reality experienced by eels, as telemetry identified connectivity across obstacles between paludal habitat and estuary, and detected escapement of mature silver eels from both lotic and lacustrine habitat.

Different size/age classes occurred in different parts of the catchment, partly linked to different habitat associations, with coastal paludal habitat supporting >50% of the catchment population and especially smaller (possibly male dominated) yellow eels. Recently recruited elvers were most abundant in the lower reaches of lotic habitat. The largest (probably female) eels were concentrated in lacustrine sites, especially at the ‘end‐of‐the‐line’ in the headwaters.

Experiences here suggest that conservation management for eels in small catchments is best focused on: (i) improving connectivity and assisting migration of elvers across ‘problem’ barriers that cannot be removed or modified, (ii) river restoration and rewilding, especially measures that increase instream woody material to provide refuge habitat and, (iii) enhancement or creation (where necessary) of suitable lacustrine habitat to benefit large females in particular. Such action across numerous small river catchments may ultimately help support the recovery of eel stocks.
Silencing of Decapentaplegic (Dpp) gene inhibited the wing expansion in the white‐backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Long Gui‐Yun , Yang Jia‐Peng , Jin Dao‐Chao , Yang Hong , Zhou Cao , Wang Zhao , Yang Xi‐Bin
Published: March 2022

The Decapentaplegic gene controls wing patterning and spreading by regulating downstream genes in many insect species. However, the molecular characteristics, expression, and biological function of Dpp in Sogatella furcifera remain poorly understood. In this study, we cloned the Dpp gene from S. furcifera and examined its expression levels in different development stages, wing typed adults, and tissues. Then, the function of SfDpp gene was analyzed using an RNA interference (RNAi)‐based approach. The results showed that the full‐length complementary DNA  of the SfDpp gene consists of 1034 bp and contains a 954‐bp open reading frame encoding 317 amino acids. SfDpp has a transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) propeptide superfamily domain and a TGF‐β superfamily domain, typical of members of the TGF‐β superfamily. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression of SfDpp reached its highest expression level 40 min after eclosion. RNAi‐based gene silencing inhibited transcript levels of the corresponding messenger RNA in S. furcifera nymphs injected with double‐stranded RNA of SfDpp and resulted in death of 29.17% and 26.67% of 4th and 5th instar nymphs, respectively. The wing deformity rate of the adults was 74.12% and 3.41% after SfDpp gene silencing in 4th and 5th instar nymphs, respectively. Examining wing development‐associated genes showed that two target genes of Dpp (Vestigial and Spalt) were both dramatically downregulated after SfDpp was silenced. Our results demonstrate that downregulated SfDpp in early development causes wing expansion failure in S. furcifera. Thus, Dpp may be a target gene for restricting the migration of rice‐damaging planthoppers.
Anterior substitutional urethroplasty using a biomimetic poly‐l‐lactide nanofiber membrane: Preclinical and clinical outcomes
Authors: Song Lujie , Deng Kunxue , Yuan Wei , Zhang Jing , Lin Jiahao , Hu Xiaoyong , Huang Jianwen , Zhang Kaile , Zhang Haitao , Si Jiemin , Li Hongbin , Xu Tao , Fu Qiang
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of a novel biomimetic poly‐l‐lactide (PLLA) nanofiber membrane in repairing anterior urethral strictures from both preclinic and clinic. Biomimetic PLLA membrane was fabricated layer by layer according to the structure of human extracellular matrix. Microstructure, tensile strength, and suture retention strength were fully assessed. Before the clinical application, the safety and toxicology test of the biomimetic PLLA membrane was performed in vitro and in experimental animals. The patients underwent urethroplasty used dorsal onlay or lateral onlay technique. Then, they were followed up for 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and then annually after the surgery. The mechanical experiments showed well property for application. Biomimetic PLLA membrane was safe according to the in vitro and animal studies. Then, a total of 25 patients (mean age 48.96 years) were included in the study from September 2016 to December 2018. After a mean follow‐up of 33.56 months, 20 patients successfully treated with biomimetic PLLA membrane. Five patients (2 bulbar and 3 penile) suffered postoperational urethral stricture recurrence. None of infection or urinary fistula or any other adverse events related to the use of biomimetic PLLA membrane were observed during the follow‐up period for all patients. The preliminary result confirmed the feasibility and efficacy of the biomimetic PLLA membrane as a novel material for anterior urethral repair. The long‐term effects with more patients should be investigated in further studies.