bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flashcard computer generated imagery medicinal plant for orthopedagogic education
Authors: Dijaya Rohman , Maulidah Noor Mayaminiy , Abdullah Dahlan
Published: September 2018

The Indonesia natural wealth of tropical forest store various plants such as ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables, spices and medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are a variety of plants that are recognized as plants for medicines. However, due to the lack of community knowledge about medicinal plants. So it takes the application of learning about the benefits of medicinal plants to the community, especially to children. Orthopedagogic Orthodontic Objects are exceptional children, who have abnormalities that require special educator services. Learning media associated with motor censorship can overcome the limitations of deaf and tuneless children who can improve the motor skills of the child. Because children with hearing impairment and speech have a lack of understanding of spoken and written language. Development of Computer Science technology today, thus encouraging the educational process to be more interesting and applicable in order to improve the quality of education media and learning interests of learners. Augmented Reality (AR) learning media is a technique of displaying objects directly by directing the camera to a real (marker) object. The aim of current developd application are to show 3 Dimensional interactive learning media using a marker of flashcards about medicinal plants as many as 20 types of medicinal plants. This is intended to facilitate the user especially on orthopedagogic education in recognizing the types of plants that are efficacious for treatment.
False Color Photography Effect using Hoya UV&IR Cut Filters Feature White Balance
Authors: Wibawa Setya Chendra , Nandyanto Asep Bayu Dani , Dermawan Dodik Arwin , Sumarno Alim , Rochmawati Naim , Divayana Dewa Gede Hendra , Bonaventura Amadeus
Published: September 2018

The research inspired by modification DSLR camera become False Color Photography effect. False Color Photography is a technique to give results like near-infrared. Infrared photography engages capturing invisible light to produces a striking image. The objective of this research to know the effect by change a digital single-lens reflex (D-SLR) camera to be false color. The assumption adds a filter and make minor adjustments or can modify the camera permanently by removing the hot mirror. This experiment confirms change usual hot mirror to Hoya UV&IR Cut Filter in front of sensor CMOS. The result is false color effect using feature Auto White Balance such as the color of object photography change into reddish, purplish, old effect, in a pint of fact the skin of model object seems to be smoother according to White Balance level. The implication this study to get more various effect in photography.
Quality of Service Assurances in Multimedia Network: A Simulation Approach
Authors: Made Suartana I , Aditya Prapanca
Published: September 2018

QoS is not a consideration at the beginning of the development of IP networks. However, as its growth and support more services including critical and real-time services, QoS support is indispensable. Multimedia applications require different QoS requirements from simple network applications. Multimedia services need more bandwidth, lossless delivery, and strict delay. IP networks treat all traffic, in the same way, this will be a problem for real-time traffic likes multimedia applications. This project uses Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) and DiffServ QoS management schemes to meet the quality of service requirement in multimedia networks. The aim of this study shows that two methods can improve network performance for multimedia type applications. An analysis to compare the quality of service guarantees provided by these models using a simulation approach. Based on simulation results and analysis shows that two methods improved network performance for multimedia type applications in massive traffic environments.
Exploring Computational Thinking to Improve Energy-Efficient Programming Skills
Authors: Anistyasari Yeni , Ekohariadi  , Kurniawan Ari
Published: September 2018

The increasing of ICT utilization brought the increasing of energy consumption which causes global emission. In fact, ICT utilization produces two percent of global emission of CO2. Most studies focus on reducing global emission of CO2 through energy-efficient software and hardware utilizations. However, how to improve energy-efficient programming skills for students has not been investigated well. To address this issue, this work proposes exploring computational thinking which is a teaching learning model adopted computer works. Computational thinking is applied in Fundamental programming subject for eight meetings. Energy-efficient programming skill of students is evaluated before and after the implementation of computational thinking. In addition, the instruments to evaluate energy-efficient programming skill is adapted from previous related work. Finally, statistical analysis reveals that computational thinking improves student's skill in energy-efficient programming.
Virtual gasoline engine based on augment reality for mechanical engineering education
Authors: Dede  , Abdullah Ade Gafar , Mulyanti Budi , Rohendi Dedi
Published: September 2018

This paper aims to create virtual gasoline engine based on Augment Reality which are used to study working principle of gasoline engine in mechanical engineering of higher education institution. The Application can help participants learn to understand the working principle of a gasoline engine with three-dimensional visualization (3D) through an android smartphone device. The current learning process is still using the practicum module and engine stand to carry out practicum activities, the method makes the participants learn bored in addition to having to share with other students because of limited time practicum that has been determined so that learning activities become less effective. Augmented Reality is a technological innovation that is currently developing where with the technology we can combine virtual objects into the real world directly with the form of three-dimensional (3D). The working principle of the gasoline engine will be presented using a three-dimensional multimedia visualization embedded in the application. The learning module consists of a didactic model and a form of learning. A special feature of this application is the use of three-dimensional visualization that can be operated via desktop computers and smartphones by utilizing the camera facility as a marker.
A Slack-Based Measures within Group Common Benchmarking using DEA for Improving the Efficiency Performance of Departments in Universitas Malikussaleh
Authors: Abdullah Dahlan , Zarlis Muhammad , Napitupulu Darmawan , Hartono Hartono , Sriadhi S , Erliana Cut Ita , Dijaya Rohman , Findawati Yulian , Nurdiyanto Heri , Rahim Robbi , Ahmar Ansari Saleh
Published: September 2018

Measurement of the efficiency of the university performance. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a data-based performance evaluation method used when multiple inputs and outputs are represented in the Decision-Making Unit (DMU) set. In DEA, when there is a value of Non-Zero Input and Output Slacks then this often means inefficiency. This scalar measure directly with the input of surplus and the output of the short decision of the decision-making unit (DMU). DEA Structure usually apply in general settings, actually DMUs can fall into distinct groups whose members experience similar circumstances. The targets of the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia (KEMENRISTEKDIKTI), one of which is the measurement of the efficiency based on the number of lecturers' research, the efficient use of resources. This study will group each department at the Universitas Malikussaleh using the Group Common Benchmarking approach and then provide suggestions for improvements to each group by using Slack-Based Measures.
The user interface design for natural science learning media for elementary school
Authors: Hakiki Ridho , Junaedi Danang , Kaburuan Emil Robert
Published: September 2018

This research presents the user interface design for natural science learning media in the form of snakes and ladders game for 4th grader of elementary school. Natural science becomes a problem for children because the way the teacher explains and media used is not maximal. The result is presented when students got poor grade and understanding. Elementary school children characteristic is playful, playing become the most effective way for children to learn. Snakes and ladders game developed by Daluti Delimanugari is used as learning media of natural science but this media still lack flexibility and practically. Technology is interesting to children because it presents motions, dimensions, sounds, colors, songs and varying materials. Children do not get those advantages from using other media. Therefore, this paper suggested a solution which is snakes and ladders game application as learning media for natural science. User-centered design used for designing the user interface focuses on the characteristic, task and environment of the users. The results of usability testing of the ladder snake game application that has been built obtain an average of 88.8%.
Designing an interactive learning application for ADHD children
Authors: Kusumasari Dian , Junaedi Danang , Kaburuan Emil Robert
Published: September 2018

This research focused on ADHD children with problems such as lack of attention, hyperactive, and impulsive that affect their school academic skills. Educational disturbances found in children with ADHD at Elementary School are low interest in learning, weak memorizing, unenthusiastic with large text and lack of concentration. They have less interest in Social Science Subjects. There are some learning applications developed to help children learn social science. However, there is none focused on ADHD children. Thus, a study was conducted to determine the user interface model of interactive learning application of social science subjects in accordance with user experience in ADHD children by implementing the Children-Centered Design method. Then we analyzed the application usability level measured using USE Questionnaire. The usability testing of the prototype has resulted in average usability of 90.05%, this shows the category of application is very good and can be used for children ADHD.
Playful museum design: Bringing the display to reality and bringing the reality to display
Authors: Purwatiani Rahmadean A. , Aryanti Tutin , Minggra Restu
Published: September 2018

Lots of museums in Indonesia have very low visits. Considering their function as sources of knowledge to accommodate studies, education, and recreation purposes at the same time, museums should be fun and educating. This article aims to explore the concepts of a playful museum design to attract more visitors. The study employed qualitative approach using survey and case study. It proposes the use of the unusual and non-everyday building and spatial forms, the sequential flow, and scale arrangement to animate visitors' emotional tensions through flowing and dynamic circulations, bright and contrast colors, and spatial spontaneity. The museum brings in reality into display to allow visitors' hands-on experience and the display into reality to let visitors capture the feeling of what and how it took place in the real world. The playful design breaks museums' monotonicity.
SINS/OD fault-tolerant navigation algorithm based on tracked vehicle kinematic constraints
Authors: Tang Xiaqing , Sun Zepeng , Zhang Huan , Wu Meng
Published: September 2018

In this paper, for the problem that the accuracy declining of the SINS/OD navigation caused by the sliding and idling during the process of turning and straight running, and stopping output of the odometer, a kinematic constraint model of the tracked vehicle is established. The sliding and idling during the process of turning are compensated. In the filtering process, the difference of the displacement increment is used as the observed quantity, and a two-layer fault detection algorithm is used to detect the output fault of the odometer. The simulation experiments show that the SINS/OD integrated navigation algorithm assisted by the kinematic constraints of the tracked vehicle can detect the output fault of the odometer accurately and perform fault-tolerant navigation, which greatly improves the positioning accuracy after the odometer failure.
Research on Vibration Characteristics of Typical Pipe
Authors: Yu Shaoming , Lu Tian , Wei Guo , Hu Yanping
Published: September 2018

Through the study on the vibration characteristics of the typical pipe, it tries to provide the basis for the pipe design and the pipe ground test method. A typical pipe is selected. First, modal analysis is carried out through theoretical analysis and finite element simulation. Then, pipe vibration is studied by finite element simulation and test. The results show that the theoretical results in modal analysis coincide well with those in finite element simulation. The finite element simulation and experimental results are basically consistent in vibration analysis. The reason for the difference is mainly the ideal boundary of simulation. The combination of finite element simulation and test is an important method for the research of pipe reliability and environmental adaptability.
Vibrodiagnostics Used for Evaluating the Technical Condition of a Mechanical Gearbox
Authors: Furch Jan , Stodola Jiří , Glos Josef
Published: September 2018

The aim of this article is to evaluate the technical condition of a mechanical four-speed gearbox tightly connected to a mechanical two-speed auxiliary gearbox placed in an off-road vehicle. When observing the technical condition of the mechanical gearbox, we used one of technical diagnostics methods, namely vibrodiagnostics. The mechanical gearbox was monitored during all its life cycle up to failure occurrence. In the article there is a detailed description of the stand where the gearbox technical condition was monitored. When observing vibration signals, we used four tri-axial sensors placed in four selected spots depending on the design arrangement of antifriction bearings. In order to evaluate the measured results, two methods were applied, namely the root mean square gRMS based on the measured acceleration in three axes. The other method used for monitoring the technical condition was the Crest factor. The aim of the experiment was to monitor the technical condition of the mechanical gearbox, mainly its antifriction bearings, therefore the values were measured when the gear was put into fourth position and into overdrive in the auxiliary gearbox. When the gear is put into fourth position, the torque is transmitted from the motor through the main gearbox and the auxiliary gearbox directly. Single gearbox wheels are engaged but not loaded (they do not transmit the torque). At the end of our article we introduced the measured values along with the oral evaluation of the technical condition of the mechanical gearbox and the auxiliary gearbox.
Analysis and Experiment of Eddy Current Loss in Radial Magnetic Bearings with Solid Rotor
Authors: Yin Zengyuan , Cai Yuanwen , Wang Weijie , Ren Yuan
Published: September 2018

In order to reduce power losses for the aerospace applications, this paper analyzes the eddy current losses produced by high-speed rotating solid rotor core magnetic bearings of magnetically suspended control & sensitive gyroscope (MSCSG). An analytical model of the eddy current loss of a solid rotor radial magnetic bearing (RMB) is presented. Considering the difference between NNNN and NSNS magnetic circuits of RMB, the magnetic field expressions of stator magnetic poles are listed. The magnetic field of stator poles is replaced by Fourier series expansion. According to the magnetic field distribution around the magnetic pole surface and the boundary conditions of the rotor surface, the mathematical expression of eddy current loss is obtained. The measurement method of rotational power loss in radial magnetic bearing is proposed, and the results of the theoretical analysis are verified by experiments in the prototype MSCSG. The experimental results show the correctness of calculation results. Eddy current loss models and test methods provide theoretical support for analyzing eddy current losses in solid rotors and reducing power consumption.
Dynamic Simulation Studies of Control Design for Engine Bleed Air Test Facility
Authors: Dai Zheng , Cui Yi
Published: September 2018

This paper describes a model-based method for the control design of engine bleed air test facility for the bleed air system. In order to perform the control design, a dynamic simulation model for the facility is developed to simulate the dynamic behaviour. The main equipment dynamic modelling approaches are described. This simplified dynamic model may be used to perform trade studies and to optimize component characteristics for performance and cost comparison purposes. With the performance shown, this engine bleed air test facility should be quite capable to emulate the engine for bleed air system testing and evaluation.
Embedded Position Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Model Predictive Control
Authors: Ramelan Agus , Rohman Arief Syaichu , Kelana Allen
Published: September 2018

This paper presents an implementation embedded system for position control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The control system consists of raspberry pi 3 as a microcontroller, ASDA-A2 servo drive, and Delta Servo ECMA type. The software design includes simulation tool and Python included on Raspbian OS. Communication between Raspberry Pi 3 and ASDA-A2 drivers using the ASCII Modbus communication protocol. Raspberry Pi 3 processes the reference data and the actual reading result and calculates the resulting error. The control algorithm used in this research is Model Predictive Control (MPC). As a Linear Quadratic Regulator, MPC aims to design and generate an optimal control signal with the ability to anticipate saturation, receding horizon, future event and take control accordingly In the design of the MPC technique to adjust the speed of the PMSM to take action of reference tracking, performance index optimization is done by adjusting the value of weighting horizon N, Q and R. The simulation and implementation results showed that the PMSM can reach the stability point on each desired setpoint and result in a near-zero steady-state error.
Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbine Based on Copula Function and Autoregressive Neural Network
Authors: Huang Zhongshan , Tian Ling , Xiang Dong , Liu Sichao , Wei Yaozhong
Published: September 2018

The traditional wind turbine fault monitoring is often based on a single monitoring signal without considering the overall correlation between signals. A global condition monitoring method based on Copula function and autoregressive neural network is proposed for this problem. Firstly, the Copula function was used to construct the binary joint probability density function of the power and wind speed in the fault-free state of the wind turbine. The function was used as the data fusion model to output the fusion data, and a fault-free condition monitoring model based on the auto-regressive neural network in the faultless state was established. The monitoring model makes a single-step prediction of wind speed and power, and statistical analysis of the residual values of the prediction determines whether the value is abnormal, and then establishes a fault warning mechanism. The experimental results show that this method can provide early warning and effectively realize the monitoring of wind turbine condition.
A fast cold-start method of GPS receiver based on satellite orbit prediction
Authors: Yang Ruihong , Song Zhongguo , Zhang Jinsheng , Xi Xiaoli
Published: September 2018

Time to first fix (TTFF) is one of the crucial indicators to evaluate the performance of a GPS receiver. In this paper, an orbit prediction algorithm to reduce the TTFF of GPS receivers without a network connection is presented. Satellite orbit is predicted by numerically integrating the satellite’s equation of motion. Satellite’s initial position and velocity value, as well as the Earth’s polar motion parameters, used in prediction correspond to the locally collected previous broadcast ephemeris. As the solar radiation pressure (SRP) is one of the most critical factors causing orbit prediction error, an empirical SRP model with two parameters that change with the movement of satellite and Earth is also described. The presented algorithm is verified by GPS satellites using the initial conditions divided from three groups of broadcast ephemeris data. Simulation results show that, with the SRP model described in this paper the satellite’s position error limited to 30 meters within 7 days prediction.
Ultrasound Evaluation of Testicular Volume in Patients with Testicular Microlithiasis
Authors: Pedersen Malene , Osther Palle , Rafaelsen Søren
Published: September 2018

Purpose Ultrasonography is a useful tool to measure testicular volume. According to the European Society of Urogenital Radiology, the combination of testicular atrophy and testicular microlithiasis (TML) is a risk factor for testicular cancer. Testicular atrophy is defined as a volume of less than 12 ml. The aim of this study was to compare testicular volume in patients with TML to patients with normal testicular tissue.

Materials and Methods From 2013 to 2015 we included a total of 91 adult patients with TML, and 91 adult patients with normal testicular tissue as a control group. All patients underwent scrotal B-mode ultrasound investigation including measurement of width, length and height in both testicles. Testicular volume was calculated using the formula π/6×length×height×width.

Results The median age for patients with TML was 48 years (range: 19-94 years), and 48 years (range: 20–75 years) in patients with normal tissue. No statistically significant difference was found between total testicular volume (both testes) >30 ml in patients with TML compared to patients without (OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.43-1.38, p=0.37). However, patients with TML tended to have lower testicular volume compared to patients without TML, when investigating testicular volume below 12 ml.

Conclusion Overall, no association was found between testicular volume and TML, but there was a trend indicating that severe atrophy is often seen in patients with TML compared to patients without TML. However, a significant difference was only found in testicular volume ≤8 ml.
Emergency Physicians' Perceived Influence of EHR Use on Clinical Workflow and Performance Metrics
Authors: Denton Courtney , Soni Hiral , Kannampallil Thomas , Serrichio Anna , Shapiro Jason , Traub Stephen , Patel Vimla
Published: September 2018

Objective Over the last decade, electronic health records (EHRs) have shaped clinical practice. In this article, we investigated the perceived effects of EHR use on clinical workflow and meaningful use (MU) performance metrics.

Materials and Methods Semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 (n = 20) physicians at two urban emergency departments. Interview questions focused on time spent on EHR use, changes in clinical practices with EHR use, and the effect of MU performance metrics on clinical workflow. Qualitative coding using grounded theory and descriptive analyses were performed to provide descriptive insights.

Results Physicians reported that EHRs improved their clinical workflow, especially on MU-related activities including door-to-doctor time and admit decision time. EHR use also affected physicians work efficiency, quality of care provided, and overall patient safety.

Conclusion Physicians' perception of EHRs is likely to influence their practices. With negative perceptions of EHR usability problems, positive aspects of EHR use, including the influence on MU performance metrics, may be overridden.
Atraumatic Bucket Handle Abnormality of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex in an Adolescent
Authors: Vanlaer Leen , Kellens Sebastiaan , Van Nuffel Maarten
Published: September 2018

Background Congenital abnormalities of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) are rare and could be mistaken for a traumatic lesion. It is important to recognize these anatomical variations and to realize they do not always require treatment.

Case Description An incidental finding of an atraumatic bucket handle abnormality of the TFCC in a 15-year-old male, who was treated arthroscopically for dorsal wrist pain. This structure was resected, thus obtaining a normal looking peripheral TFCC.

Literature Review Literature regarding congenital abnormalities of the TFCC is limited to a meniscoid articular disc or a congenital perforation. To our knowledge, an atraumatic bucket handle abnormality has not been described yet.

Clinical Relevance This congenital abnormality of the TFCC could be mistaken for a traumatic lesion on MRI, or during wrist arthroscopy; therefore, it is important to realize that this entity may occur and does not require treatment.
Relocation of Maternal–Fetal Medicine Specialists in the United States
Authors: Rayburn William , Perez Jose , Xierali Imam
Published: September 2018

Objective To examine patterns in relocation of maternal–fetal medicine (MFM) specialists during the recent 10 years.

Study Design This descriptive study analyzed the migration of MFM specialists between 2006 and 2016 based on county locations. Year-to-year comparisons of physicians in active clinical practice were performed. Demographic and county characteristics were gathered from three data resources. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with relocation.

Results An average of 7.4% (5.5–10.8%) of all 1,104 (1,103–1,115) MFM specialists moved per year. Approximately one in three (36%) relocated during the 10 years, usually once or twice. The likelihood of relocation was higher if the physician was younger, especially under 40 years compared with those aged 60 years and older (odds ratio [OR] = 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–3.19). No differences were noted based on gender and race/ethnicity. Physicians in independent group practices were more inclined to relocate, especially when compared with those in a solo or two-physician practice (OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.27–0.54). Relocations were primarily between urban counties (95.9%) and showed a significant regional pattern.

Conclusion Approximately one in three MFM specialists relocated in the past 10 years, mostly between urban counties and especially in independent group practices.
Konversionsstörungen
Authors: Kapfhammer H.-P.
Published: September 2018

Patienten mit funktionellen neurologischen Störungen sind nach wie vor eine häufige diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung in der neurologischen Praxis. Das Konzept der Konversionsstörung ist gut verankert. Die Diagnose wird anhand einer sorgfältigen klinischen Statuserhebung, zusätzlicher apparativer Untersuchungen und typischer positiver Zeichen, aber meist ohne eine explizite psychologische Begründung gestellt. Das neue DSM 5 hat zwei früher entscheidende Diagnosekriterien, nämlich das psychologische Stressor-Kriterium einerseits, das Ausschluss-Kriterium einer bewussten Simulation andererseits aufgegeben. Es soll künftig lediglich ein Typus mit und ohne psychologische Stressoren unterschieden werden. Speziell im Bereich der Konsiliarpsychiatrie und –psychosomatik ist eine enge Kooperation mit der Neurologie in der Betreuung dieser Patientengruppe anzustreben. Eine detaillierte Kenntnis der klinischen Phänomenologie ist grundlegende Voraussetzung. Ein biopsychosoziales Störungsmodell für das Verständnis der funktionellen neurologischen Störungen ist zu fordern. Gerade angesichts der großen Gruppe von Patienten mit chronischen Verläufen und erheblichen psychosozialen Behinderungen besteht nach wie vor ein großer Forschungsbedarf hinsichtlich empirisch erprobter und in der klinischen Praxis tauglicher Therapieansätze.
Psychodynamisch-interpersonelle Therapie bei somatoformen Störungen
Authors: Sattel H. , Henningsen P.
Published: September 2018

Der aktuelle psychodynamische Ansatz zur Behandlung mehrfacher und beeinträchtigender somatoformer Beschwerden beruht auf einem interpersonellen Modell. Die Disposition, diese Körperbeschwerden zu erleben, wird durch mangelnde Fähigkeiten zur Differenzierung vor allem negativer Affekte und körperlicher Empfindungen begründet. Diese Fähigkeiten konnten in frühen Abschnitten der Mutter-Kind-Beziehung nicht ausreichend erlebt und so erfolgreiche Bewältigungsstrategien nicht erworben werden. Charakteristisch für diese Patienten sind eine überproportional starke funktionelle Beeinträchtigung in Alltag, dysfunktionale Krankheitsannahmen und Verhaltenstendenzen (katastrophisierendes Denken, Vermeidungsverhalten, häufige Arztbesuche und Behandlerwechsel), latente oder manifeste psychische Komorbidität sowie eine als schwierig erlebte Arzt-Patient-Beziehung. Die Wirksamkeit psychodynamisch-interpersoneller Therapie (PISO) konnte in einer umfangreichen multizentrischen randomisierten Studie nachgewiesen werden. In der Anfangsphase erfolgt eine Legitimierung der Beschwerden, ergänzt um eine psychoedukative Vermittlung physiologischer Stressmodelle und weitere spezifische Techniken. In der Hauptphase wird eine Verbindung zwischen Körperbeschwerde und Affekt hergestellt, wobei primär interpersonelle Erfahrungen und Konflikte als Ausgangspunkt gewählt werden. So erwirbt der Patient neue, angemessenere und dadurch langfristig erfolgreichere Erfahrungen im Umgang mit seinem Körper und seinen Beschwerden.
Epidemiologie anorektischer und bulimischer Essstörungen
Authors: Fichter M.
Published: September 2018

Prävalenz und Inzidenz (Neuerkrankungsrate) von Anorexia nervosa (AN) nahmen ab den 1930er-Jahren bis in die 1970er-Jahre zu. Die Diagnosen von Bulimia nervosa (BN) (1980) und Binge-Eating-Störung (BES) (1994) wurden erst später eingeführt. Die Lifetime-Prävalenz für AN für junge Frauen beträgt ca. 0,5%, die für BN für junge Frauen ca. 1,5% und für BES ca. 3% für Frauen und 2% für Männer. Diese Zahlen basieren auf den DSM-IV-Kriterien. Die jährliche Inzidenzrate für AN pro 100 000 Personen in der Bevölkerung liegt bei ca. 50 bei jungen Frauen, für BN bei jungen Frauen (ausgeschlossen Zwillinge) zwischen 20 und 50. Die Mortalität ist besonders für AN sehr hoch, weniger für BN und BES. In Entwicklungsländern ist die Prävalenz für AN und BN sehr niedrig, allerdings nehmen die Raten dort zu. Bei schwarzen Frauen in den USA und den Karibischen Inseln gibt es sehr selten AN.
Schule als Setting zur Prävention psychischer Störungen
Authors: Conrad I. , Riedel-Heller S. G. , Corrieri S.
Published: September 2018

Psychische Störungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen sind verbreitet und folgenschwer. Schulen sind aufgrund der Komplementarität bildungsrelevanter Kompetenzen und psychischer Gesundheit ein zentrales Setting für Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt wissenschaftlich evaluierte Projekte zur Förderung der psychischen Gesundheit im Setting Schule vor. Die Beispiele guter Praxis des Vereins Irrsinnig Menschlich machen deutlich, dass die Kombination aus Wissensvermittlung mit Materialien/Medien und persönlichem Kontakt zu Betroffenen eine positive Wirkung bzgl. des Abbaus von Stigmatisierung sowie der Sensibilisierung junger Menschen für Themen der psychischen Gesundheit hat. Als Weiterentwicklung dieser Ansätze soll der Schulcoach Schulen unterstützen, bisher ungenutzte Potenziale zu aktivieren und selbstständig nachhaltige Lösungen zu erarbeiten, um Prävention in der Schule von innen heraus zu verankern und zu gestalten. Eine verbesserte Struktur der Gesundheitsförderung würde eine breitere Implementierung von Förderprogrammen im schulischen Setting ermöglichen. Einer lange überfälligen gesetzlichen Verankerung der Prävention zur Förderung der psychischen Gesundheit sollten konkrete Maßnahmenkataloge folgen.
The effects of partial substitution of soybean with urea or slow-release urea on finishing performance, meat quality, and digestion parameters of Nellore steers
Authors: Corte R. R. , Brito F. O. , Leme P. R. , Pereira A. S. C. , Freitas J. E. , Rennó F. P. , Silva S. L. , Tedeschi L. O. , Nogueira Filho J. C. M.
Published: September 2018

The effects of substituting ~50% of the soybeans in the diet of finishing Nellore steers with either urea (U) and/or slow-release urea (SRU) on the steer performance and meat quality were assessed in two experiments. In the first experiment, 46 Nellore steers in a 104-day experiment (Exp. 1) were fed a Control diet with U or SRU or U+SRU. In Experiment 2 (Exp. 2), digestibility and microbial protein (MCP) synthesis were assessed in four steers by using a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-day periods. Four corn-based diets were used in both Exp. 1 and 2. (1) Control (CTL): 0% of non-protein nitrogen (NPN). (2) U: 1.66% of NPN. (3) SRU: 1.8% of NPN. (4) U+SRU: 1.72% of NPN. In Exp. 1, final bodyweight, average daily gain, dry matter intake, Gain to Feed ratio, carcass traits and steer meat quality were not influenced by the experimental diets. In Exp. 2, the apparent digestibility was similar for all diets, and the MCP synthesis was affected by dietary treatments (P = 0.065). The NPN treatments showed 25.5% more (P = 0.03) MCP efficiency (g microbial protein/kg of total digestible nutrient content consumed) than the CTL. We conclude that the partial replacement of SBM with U, SRU or U+SRU will provide similar animal performance without negatively impacting carcass and meat quality and improve the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in Nellore cattle.
TRIM21 mediates antibody inhibition of adenovirus-based gene delivery and vaccination
Authors: Bottermann Maria , Foss Stian , van Tienen Laurens M. , Vaysburd Marina , Cruickshank James , O’Connell Kevin , Clark Jessica , Mayes Keith , Higginson Katie , Hirst Jack C. , McAdam Martin B. , Slodkowicz Greg , Hutchinson Edward , Kozik Patrycja , Andersen Jan Terje , James Leo C.
Published: September 2018

Significance

Viral-based delivery vectors have huge potential in the treatment of human disease. Adenoviral vectors specifically have proven highly efficacious in delivering corrected genes, as part of gene therapy, and vaccine epitopes for treating cancer and infectious disease. A principal obstacle to their widespread use is that antibodies potently neutralize them, limiting treatment to naïve patients. How antibodies block adenovirus-based transduction has long remained a mystery because, even though they prevent transgene expression, they do not prevent transgene delivery into target tissue. Here we show that the cytosolic antibody receptor TRIM21 is responsible for intercepting adenoviral gene therapy and vaccine vectors and neutralizing them. Gene KO of TRIM21 or a single-antibody mutation that prevents interaction is sufficient to restore transgene expression.
Geometric partitioning of cohesin and condensin is a consequence of chromatin loops
Authors: Lawrimore Josh , Doshi Ayush , Friedman Brandon , Yeh Elaine , Bloom Kerry
Published: September 2018

SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) complexes condensin and cohesin are crucial for proper chromosome organization. Condensin has been reported to be a mechanochemical motor capable of forming chromatin loops, while cohesin passively diffuses along chromatin to tether sister chromatids. In budding yeast, the pericentric region is enriched in both condensin and cohesin. As in higher-eukaryotic chromosomes, condensin is localized to the axial chromatin of the pericentric region, while cohesin is enriched in the radial chromatin. Thus, the pericentric region serves as an ideal model for deducing the role of SMC complexes in chromosome organization. We find condensin-mediated chromatin loops establish a robust chromatin organization, while cohesin limits the area that chromatin loops can explore. Upon biorientation, extensional force from the mitotic spindle aggregates condensin-bound chromatin from its equilibrium position to the axial core of pericentric chromatin, resulting in amplified axial tension. The axial localization of condensin depends on condensin’s ability to bind to chromatin to form loops, while the radial localization of cohesin depends on cohesin’s ability to diffuse along chromatin. The different chromatin-tethering modalities of condensin and cohesin result in their geometric partitioning in the presence of an extensional force on chromatin.
Tracking yeast pheromone receptor Ste2 endocytosis using fluorogen-activating protein tagging
Authors: Emmerstorfer-Augustin Anita , Augustin Christoph M. , Shams Shadi , Thorner Jeremy
Published: September 2018

To observe internalization of the yeast pheromone receptor Ste2 by fluorescence microscopy in live cells in real time, we visualized only those molecules present at the cell surface at the time of agonist engagement (rather than the total cellular pool) by tagging this receptor at its N-terminus with an exocellular fluorogen-activating protein (FAP). A FAP is a single-chain antibody engineered to bind tightly a nonfluorescent, cell-impermeable dye (fluorogen), thereby generating a fluorescent complex. The utility of FAP tagging to study trafficking of integral membrane proteins in yeast, which possesses a cell wall, had not been examined previously. A diverse set of signal peptides and propeptide sequences were explored to maximize expression. Maintenance of the optimal FAP-Ste2 chimera intact required deletion of two, paralogous, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored extracellular aspartyl proteases (Yps1 and Mkc7). FAP-Ste2 exhibited a much brighter and distinct plasma membrane signal than Ste2-GFP or Ste2-mCherry yet behaved quite similarly. Using FAP-Ste2, new information was obtained about the mechanism of its internalization, including novel insights about the roles of the cargo-selective endocytic adaptors Ldb19/Art1, Rod1/Art4, and Rog3/Art7.
Dissociation of Appetitive Overexpectation and Extinction in the Infralimbic Cortex
Authors: Lay Belinda P P , Nicolosi Melissa , Usypchuk Alexandra A , Esber Guillem R , Iordanova Mihaela D
Published: September 2018

Behavioral change is paramount to adaptive behavior. Two ways to achieve alterations in previously established behavior are extinction and overexpectation. The infralimbic (IL) portion of the medial prefrontal cortex controls the inhibition of previously established aversive behavioral responses in extinction. The role of the IL cortex in behavioral modification in appetitive Pavlovian associations remains poorly understood. Here, we seek to determine if the IL cortex modulates overexpectation and extinction of reward learning. Using overexpectation or extinction to achieve a reduction in behavior, the present findings uncover a dissociable role for the IL cortex in these paradigms. Pharmacologically inactivating the IL cortex left overexpectation intact. In contrast, pre-training manipulations in the IL cortex prior to extinction facilitated the reduction in conditioned responding but led to a disrupted extinction retrieval on test drug-free. Additional studies confirmed that this effect is restricted to the IL and not dependent on the dorsally-located prelimbic cortex. Together, these results show that the IL cortex underlies extinction but not overexpectation-driven reduction in behavior, which may be due to regulating the expression of conditioned responses influenced by stimulus–response associations rather than stimulus–stimulus associations.
Scientific instrument collections in the creation of the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich
Authors: Dunn Richard , Barford Megan
Published: September 2018

This paper considers the role of private collections in the formation of the scientific instrument collection of the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. Thanks largely to the support of a rich shipping owner, James Caird, and guided by its first director, Geoffrey Callender, the museum was able voraciously to collect objects of all types in the two decades after its foundation in the 1930s. Concentrating on the acquisition by purchase and through loan of four substantial groups of instruments previously in private hands, the paper considers the museum’s motives and some of their consequences with respect to the collecting of scientific instruments; it also addresses questions concerning the scope and nature of the relationship between the scientific and the maritime in the creation of a new national museum.
ELEVATION OF GAMMA DOSE RATE BY CONSTRUCTION OF THE ASIAN HIGHWAY 3 (AH3) BETWEEN ULAANBAATAR AND SAINSHAND, MONGOLIA
Authors: Omori Yasutaka , Sorimachi Atsuyuki , Gun-Aajav Manlaijav , Enkhgerel Nyamdavaa , Oyunbolor Galnemekh , Palam Enkhtuya , Yamada Chieri
Published: September 2018

The present study aimed at examining changes of gamma radiation level associated with road construction in Mongolia. A car-borne survey of gamma dose rate was made for a paved, ~450-km long part of the Asian Highway 3 between Ulaanbaatar and Sainshand. The gamma dose rates ranged from 48 to 173 nGy/h. Elevation of the gamma dose rates was observed only on a 86-km long segment of the survey route which was newly constructed from 2011 to 2013. The gamma dose rates over the newer paved segment were twice as high as those over the bare dirt surface alongside it. Outdoor measurements of gamma-ray pulse height distributions also indicated an abundance of natural radionuclides, especially 232Th-series elements in road materials. These findings suggest that the gamma dose rates were elevated by introduction of road materials containing large amounts of natural radionuclides.
Thomas Summers West. 18 November 1927—9 January 2010
Authors: Cresser Malcolm S. , Edwards Anthony C. , West Thomas Lawson
Published: September 2018

Even before he was a teenager, Thomas West developed a love of science which rapidly evolved into a love of chemistry and especially analytical chemistry. He realized that chemical analysis and the development of more sensitive and selective methods encompassing both classical chemistry and rapid advances in instrumentation would be crucial to the advancement of many other scientific disciplines. He dedicated his life to developing novel and more powerful methods of analysis, but also to improving national and international recognition of the importance of analytical science and how it should be taught in universities. His determination and unique ability to recognize the best way to solve the constraints of existing methodologies resulted in a UK university-wide change in the status and importance of the discipline. This was done via establishment of an extraordinarily prolific research team at Imperial College in London which turned his ideas into reality, especially in atomic spectroscopy. Tom West's impact continued later as director of the world-famous Macaulay Institute in Aberdeen. He was loved and respected by all who worked with him, many of whom are now chemistry or environmental science senior faculty academics around the world. Though our loss is sad, his impact is still very much alive and will be for decades to come.
Henry Edgar Hall. 28 September 1928—4 December 2015
Authors: Golov A. I. , Vinen W. F.
Published: September 2018

Henry Edgar Hall was a leading experimental and theoretical low temperature physicist of his generation, who, working first in Cambridge and then in Manchester, made important contributions to our knowledge and understanding of superfluidity in both liquid
4
He and liquid
3
He. His work focused significantly, but not exclusively, on the role of topological defects, such as quantized vortex filaments, in superfluid behaviour. He also contributed in important ways to the development of the
3
He–
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He dilution refrigerator, which has since played a vital role in experimental work requiring temperatures below 1 K.
James Watson Cronin. 29 September 1931 — 25 August 2016
Authors: Watson Alan
Published: September 2018

James (Jim) Cronin had two outstanding careers. The first, in particle physics, included the discovery of CP violation for which he and Val Fitch were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1980. During the second, in cosmic rays, he played a major role in raising the profile of that field, particularly through his leadership in the creation of the Pierre Auger Observatory, the largest cosmic-ray detector ever constructed. He will be remembered for his incisive mind, his modest style, his internationalism and his encouragement of young scientists, as well as for his brilliance as an experimental physicist and data analyst.
The return of Pfeiffer’s bacillus: Rising incidence of ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Heinz Eva
Published: September 2018

Haemophilus influenzae, originally named Pfeiffer’s bacillus after its discoverer Richard Pfeiffer in 1892, was a major risk for global health at the beginning of the 20th century, causing childhood pneumonia and invasive disease as well as otitis media and other upper respiratory tract infections. The implementation of the Hib vaccine, targeting the major capsule type of H. influenzae, almost eradicated the disease in countries that adapted the vaccination scheme. However, a rising number of infections are caused by non-typeable H. influenzae (NTHi), which has no capsule and against which the vaccine therefore provides no protection, as well as other serotypes equally not recognised by the vaccine. The first line of treatment is ampicillin, but there is a steady rise in ampicillin resistance. This is both through acquired as well as intrinsic mechanisms, and is cause for serious concern and the need for more surveillance. There are also increasing reports of new modifications of the intrinsic ampicillin-resistance mechanism leading to resistance against cephalosporins and carbapenems, the last line of well-tolerated drugs, and ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae was included in the recently released priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by the WHO. This review provides an overview of ampicillin resistance prevalence and mechanisms in the context of our current knowledge about population dynamics of H. influenzae.
Assessing the utility of minority variant composition in elucidating RSV transmission pathways
Authors: Githinji George , Agoti Charles N. , Kibinge Nelson , Henson Sonal , Munywoki Patrick , Brand Samuel , Medley Graham , Cane Patricia , Cotten Matthew , Nokes D. James , Worby Colin J.
Published: September 2018

Reconstructing transmission pathways and defining the underlying determinants of virus diversity is critical for developing effective control measures. Whole genome consensus sequences represent the dominant virus subtype which does not provide sufficient information to resolve transmission events for rapidly spreading viruses with overlapping generations. We explored whether the within-host diversity of respiratory syncytial virus quantified from deep sequence data provides additional resolution to inform on who acquires infection from whom based on shared minor variants in samples that comprised epidemiological clusters and that shared similar genetic background. We report that RSV-A infections are characterized by low frequency diversity that occurs across the genome. Shared minor variant patterns alone, were insufficient to elucidate transmission chains within household members. However, they provided inference on potential transmission links where phylogenetic methods were uninformative of transmission when consensus sequences were identical. Interpretation of minor variant patterns was tractable only for small household outbreaks.