bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Schouten to Mackenzie: Notes on brackets
Authors: Kosmann-Schwarzbach Yvette
Published: July 2021

In this paper, dedicated to the memory of Kirill Mackenzie, I relate the origins and early development of the theory of graded Lie brackets, first in the publications on differential geometry of Schouten, Nijenhuis, and Frölicher–Nijenhuis, then in the work of Gerstenhaber and Nijenhuis–Richardson in cohomology theory.
Synchronizations of fuzzy cellular neural networks with proportional time-delay
Authors: Kumar Ankit ,   Department of Mathematical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221005, India, Das Subir , Yadav Vijay K. , Rajeev  , Cao Jinde , Huang Chuangxia ,   School of Mathematics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China and Yonsei Frontier Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea,   School of Mathematics and Statistics, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, China
Published: July 2021

In this article, finite-time and fixed-time synchronizations (FFTS) of fuzzy cellular neural networks (FCNNs) with interaction and proportional delay terms have been investigated. The synchronizations of FCNNs are achieved with the help of p-norm based on the inequalities defined in Lemmas 2.1 and 2.2. The analysis of the method with some useful criteria is also used during the study of FFTS. Under the Lyapunov stability theory, FFTS of fuzzy-based CNNs with interaction and proportional delay terms can be achieved using controllers. Moreover, the upper bound of the settling time of FFTS is obtained. In view of settling points, the theoretical results on the considered neural network models of this article are more general as compared to the fixed time synchronization (FTS). The effectiveness and reliability of the theoretical results are shown through two numerical examples for different particular cases.
Explicit characteristic equations for integral operators arising from well-posed boundary value problems of finite beam deflection on elastic foundation
Authors: Choi Sung Woo ,   Department of Mathematics, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Korea
Published: July 2021

Characteristic equations for the whole class of integral operators arising from arbitrary well-posed two-point boundary value problems of finite beam deflection resting on elastic foundation are obtained in terms of $ 4 \times 4 $ matrices in block-diagonal form with explicit $ 2 \times 2 $ blocks.
Financiando al rey: negociación e inicios del «encabezamiento por alcabalas» en Burgos (1495-1513)
Authors: Guerrero Navarrete Yolanda , Montero Málaga Alicia Inés
Published: July 2021

Los más recientes estudios sobre el avance del «Estado Fiscal» han permitido trascender el ámbito de lo puramente institucional y desentrañar los fuertes vínculos existentes en los siglos bajomedievales entre el creciente poder fiscal de la Corona y el incipiente capitalismo financiero, examinar los fenómenos de percepción tributaria desde la perspectiva del «negocio» y recuperar nuevos escenarios de diálogo y consenso donde confluyen las élites financieras y de poder urbanas, los círculos cortesanos e, incluso, la nobleza, contribuyendo así de una forma decisiva a la imbricación consciente de las élites locales en la centralización del poder. Como resultado de todo ello, ha emergido con fuerza la necesidad de enfocar el análisis hacia el ámbito y gestión local del fisco regio, escenario en el que confluyen muchos de estos aspectos. En este trabajo intentaremos abordar, a partir del análisis del encabezamiento en Burgos, la definición de los nuevos ámbitos de negociación y pacto que afectan al «negocio fiscal» a finales del siglo XV, la obligada adaptación de los recursos a la evolución y centralización del poder monárquico y, por supuesto, el papel y el poder de los discretos poderes financieros.
How to Audit Your Library Website for WCAG 2.1 Compliance
Authors: Rayl Rachel
Published: July 2021

The ever-evolving nature of library websites can lead to a mismatched collection of web pages that lack cohesion and, more importantly, lack key accessibility features for users. In Spring 2020, our library’s user experience unit audited our library website—excluding third-party vendor sites and services—for WCAG 2.1 compliance. While we based our method around situation-specific barriers, we believe the process we followed will help library staff who may lack time or money to put toward such projects or who run into organizational barriers. We share our process with others in hopes that it helps reduce barriers to identifying website accessibility issues.
La structure multidimensionnelle des goûts
Authors: Noûs Camille , Robette Nicolas , Roueff Olivier
Published: July 2021

La notion de légitimité culturelle a connu de nombreuses déclinaisons et de nombreuses critiques. Pourtant, peu de travaux s’emploient à la construire de manière empirique et quantifiée à l’échelle d’un espace national et pour plusieurs pratiques culturelles. Malgré des débats théoriques intenses, une question demeure en particulier en jachère : l’échelle de légitimité culturelle étant définie par l’homologie entre l’ordonnancement des goûts et celui des groupes sociaux, de quel espace social est-il question ? Nous proposons une démarche empirique pour tenir compte statistiquement de l’intersectionnalité des rapports sociaux de pouvoir, que de nombreuses enquêtes ethnographiques ont établie à l’échelle des individus et des groupes sociaux. Il s’agit essentiellement d’analyser les relations entre les variables de position sociale – le diplôme, l’âge et le sexe, pour celles que nous retiendrons – sans tomber dans le piège improductif de la hiérarchisation des effets mais en les considérant plutôt en termes d’interactions. Nous établissons ainsi que, au niveau macro où se situe l’analyse, l’échelle de légitimité culturelle est associée simultanément aux trois rapports sociaux étudiés, opposant le bourgeois (lettré) au populaire, le féminin au masculin et l’ancien à l’émergent. Au final, l’échelle de légitimité est constituée de trois échelons principaux, associés à trois configurations de propriétés sociales : une culture lettrée, féminine et ancienne en « haut » de l’échelle, une culture lettrée, masculine et émergente au « milieu » et une culture populaire, féminine et ancienne en « bas ». L’interprétation sociologique permet ensuite de distinguer deux variations de la culture légitime, plus ou moins ancienne, féminine et lettrée, et trois variations de la culture illégitime en fonction des variables de sexe et d’âge : le goût pour les genres populaires « ringards » et « sentimentaux » se distingue du goût pour les produits « grand public » les plus accessibles par la radio, la télévision ou les magazines comme du goût pour les genres émergents et « virils » (science-fiction, rap ou hard rock…) qui sont parfois constitués en sous-cultures juvéniles et disponibles à des entreprises de légitimation. Au-delà de cette esquisse de typologie, nous cherchons surtout à établir l’existence de ces interactions, à proposer quelques outils statistiques utiles pour les étudier et à montrer l’intérêt qu’il y a à analyser la distribution des pratiques culturelles en termes intersectionnels.
The Multidimensional Structure of Taste
Authors: Noûs Camille , Robette Nicolas , Roueff Olivier
Published: July 2021

The notion of cultural legitimacy has had many incarnations and been subject to many criticisms over the years. However, few studies have set out to construct it empirically and quantify it at the national level and over several cultural practices. In spite of the intense theoretical debates, one question remains particularly neglected – given that the scale of cultural legitimacy is defined by the homology between the ordering of tastes and the ordering of social groups, which social space does it actually refer to? Here we propose an empirical approach to statistically account for the intersection of social power relations which many ethnographic studies have observed at the level of individuals and social groups. The goal is to analyse the relations between variables related to social status; education, age, and gender are the ones we look at here. We avoid the unfruitful trap of simply constructing hierarchies of effects, and instead consider the interactions between them. We therefore observe that, at the macro level where our analysis is situated, the scale of cultural legitimacy is simultaneously associated with the three social relations studied, opposing bourgeois (intellectual) culture to popular culture, feminine culture to masculine culture, and established culture to new emerging culture. Ultimately, the scale of cultural legitimacy is made up of three main echelons, associated with three configurations of social characteristics: intellectual, feminine, and established at the “top” of the legitimacy scale, intellectual, masculine, and emerging at the “middle” and, finally, popular, feminine, and established, at the “bottom”. A sociological interpretation allows us to distinguish two variations of legitimate culture that are more or less well established, feminine, and intellectual, and three variations of illegitimate culture depending on gender and age variables (a taste for “outdated” or “sentimental” working class genres, a preference for “mass public” products that are widely available on radio, television, or in magazines, and a taste for emerging “virile” genres [science-fiction, rap, hard rock, etc.], that are sometimes constituted as juvenile subcultures subject to processes of legitimation). Beyond this nascent typology, we seek above all to establish the existence of these interactions, to propose certain statistical tools that are useful for studying them and to demonstrate the benefit of analysing the distribution of cultural practices in intersectional terms.
The Creation of an Operatic Canon in Nineteenth-Century Europe
Authors: Charle Christophe
Published: July 2021

The numerous monographs centred on the evolution of the repertoires of nineteenth–and twentieth–century opera houses make possible a statistical measure of the increasing ageing process of the most frequently performed operas. The canonisation of early successes takes place mainly from the second half of the 19th century onwards and becomes more pronounced in the 20th century. This refusal of novelty is due to the rising costs of performance, to the emergence of a pantheon of composers that has been little renewed over the generations, and to the growing influence of show organisers, singing stars and theatre directors. The dissemination of the most famous arias, which made certain composers particularly popular, notably in Italy (Verdi), France (Gounod, Bizet), Germany (Wagner), and later in Russia and Central Europe, also encouraged the repeated performances, for the widest possible audiences at festivals or in the media, of works gradually selected by posterity. This process is reminiscent of the emergence of the great masters of classical music or painting before the advent of modernity, but it has its own specific features due to the weight of a show mobilising several arts (theatre, set, costume, music, dance) and the early internationalisation of the most frequently performed works. A few reference scenes serve as test beds for the future canonisation process, which is rarely called into question, as can be the case for other arts that are less dependent on the major European cultural capitals’ institutions. However, this canon is never definitively stabilised: discontinuation may still happen, particularly when the conditions of production make it impossible to revive works that were once central. This marginal renewal implies a very strong selectivity for new works and significantly slows down the recognition of the most innovative ones.
Creating a Collective Intellectual in the Political Field
Authors: Amiel Bastien
Published: July 2021

The Rassemblement Démocratique Révolutionnaire [Revolutionary Democratic Rally] (RDR) was a political venture created in France in 1948 with the aim of defending a neutralist position, refusing the either-or alternatives between the Atlantic and Soviet blocs. This article begins with a sociographic presentation of the militant intellectuals who founded this original political initiative; then, we address the political activism and positionings of this distinctive partisan milieu, where intellectuals were characteristically overrepresented. We analyse the RDR’s methods of establishing a new position within the political and intellectual fields, as well as the way in which their forms of intervention and positionings were influenced by their members’ social profiles and trajectories as activists. Lastly, we question how the RDR’s members intervened within the domain of ideological production - both as a partisan venture and a collective intellectual - and to what extent the search for such a fragile equilibrium impacted its success or failure.
La théorie économique à l’épreuve de la covid-19
Authors: Batifoulier Philippe , Boidin Bruno , Domin Jean-Paul , Rauly Amandine
Published: July 2021

L’objectif de cet article est de montrer que la crise de la covid-19 n’est pas seulement pandémique. Cette crise est également celle dont l’économie mainstream pense la santé, dans ses différentes dimensions, et par voie de conséquence comment le politique considère la santé. La crise sanitaire de la covid-19 est une crise totale et multidimensionnelle. Les questions de santé doivent être considérées comme des questions de société et le droit fondamental que constitue la santé ne peut être réduit à une simple application des catégories usuelles de l’analyse néoclassique.
Bolsonaro et la covid-19 au Brésil : réflexions autour d’un double paradoxe
Authors: Roubaud François , Razafindrakoto Mireille
Published: July 2021

Après l’arrivée imprévue de Jair Bolsonaro, une personnalité d’extrême droite, au sommet de l’état, la gestion catastrophique par ce dernier de la crise sanitaire et économique a apporté son lot de surprises. Le Brésil, l’un des pays les plus touchés par la covid-19, semble ne pas être en mesure de contrôler la propagation du virus. Au-delà de ces conséquences tragiques, la réaction du gouvernement face à la pandémie est caractérisée par un double paradoxe que nous tentons ici de mettre en lumière. D’une part, sur le volet sanitaire, le président a adopté une attitude négationniste et nie la gravité de la situation épidémiologique du pays. Alors que le virus sévit avec une acuité redoublée lors de la seconde vague, il persiste, contribuant à alourdir le bilan sanitaire auquel ses propres partisans paient un lourd tribut. D’autre part, sur le front économique, la mise en place d’un programme de transfert monétaire d’urgence à destination des catégories les plus démunies, notamment les travailleurs informels, a fait surgir un second paradoxe. Comment un gouvernement violemment opposé à toute forme de redistribution a-t-il pu être à l’origine de cet Auxílio emergencial, une politique interventionniste d’une ampleur inégalée en Amérique latine comme à l’aune de l’histoire du pays ? Ces apparentes contradictions nous conduisent à proposer des éléments d’interprétation et une lecture de la stratégie d’un président face à de multiples menaces de destitution, jouant chaque jour sa survie politique.
Socioeconomic and socioecological issues of the pandemic crisis in the Amazon
Authors: Tupiassu Lise , Reymão Ana Elizabeth Neirão , Gros-Désormeaux Jean-Raphaël
Published: July 2021

The spread of covid-19 in the Amazon region urges us to reflect on how this can be related to forms of appropriation of the Amazon’s natural resources by global value chains. This article aims at discussing how the coronavirus pandemic has laid bare the vulnerabilities resulting from the Amazon’s insertion to global capitalism. Whether dependent on domestic or extraterritorial economic dynamics, no sector of activity and no community appears to be untouched by covid-19. The pandemic shows that revenues generated by economic activities such as mining and cattle breeding in the Amazon deeply depend on the international reach of their economic circuits, at the same time as on the non-observance of a number of fundamental rights of indigenous people. This clearly implies looking for alternatives to the unsustainable exploitation of nature and reconsidering the development model of the Amazon.
Data Analysis in the Shipping Industry
Authors: Kyas Marcel , Springer Joshua D. , Pedersen Jan Tore , Chkoniya Valentina
Published: July 2021

This chapter identifies the critical issues that must be addressed to accelerate the digital transition in the chartering market. The maritime industry is one of the pillars of global trade, where change is a constant. Again, shipping is at the cusp of a new era—one driven by data. The authors review the state-of-the-art technology that is useful to automate chartering processes. · The Fourth Industrial Revolution (or Industry 4.0) starts to change the bulk shipping markets leveraging the data flow between industrial processes in the physical and virtual world. · The internet of things accelerates data flow from things in the real world to the virtual world and enables us to control processes in real-time. Machine-to-machine communication, together with artificial intelligence, creates autonomous systems in many areas of production and logistics. Based on the gathered elements, eShip's case study was analyzed, and future steps have been defined for the data analysis in the shipping industry.
An Incremental Acquisition Method for Web Forensics
Authors: Chen Guangxuan , Chen Guangxiao , Zhang Lei , Liu Qiang
Published: July 2021

In order to solve the problems of repeated acquisition, data redundancy and low efficiency in the process of website forensics, this paper proposes an incremental acquisition method orientecd to dynamic websites. This method realized the incremental collection on dynamically updated websites through acquiring and parsing web pages, URL deduplication, web page denoising, web page content extraction and hashing. Experiments show that the algorithm has relative high acquisition precision and recall rate, and can be combined with other data to perform effective digital forensics on dynamically updated real-time websites.
Validation of Performance Homogeneity of Chan-Vese Model on Selected Tumour Cells
Authors: Appati Justice Kwame , Badzi Franklin Iron , Soli Michael Agbo Tettey , Nwolley Stephane Jnr , Denwar Ismail Wafaa
Published: July 2021

This study aims to analyze the Chan-Vese model's performance using a variety of tumor images. The processes involve the tumors' segmentation, detecting the tumors, identifying the segmented tumor region, and extracting the features before classification occurs. In the findings, the Chan-Vese model performed well with brain and breast tumor segmentation. The model on the skin performed poorly. The brain recorded DSC 0.6949903, Jaccard 0.532558; the time elapsed 7.389940 with an iteration of 100. The breast recorded a DSC of 0.554107, Jaccard 0.383228; the time elapsed 9.577161 with an iteration of 100. According to this study, a higher DSC does not signify a well-segmented image, as the breast had a lower DSC than the skin. The skin recorded a DSC of 0.620420, Jaccard 0.449717; the time elapsed 17.566681 with an iteration of 200.
Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Thermal Investigation of Hybrid Banana/Sisal Fiber Reinforced Polyester Matrix Composite
Authors: Okafor Ekene Gabriel , Abba Mohammed Tahir , Ubadike Osichinaka Chiedu , Agbo Stephen , Mohammed Habeeb Mohammad
Published: July 2021

The key focus of this work was to examine the effect of hybrid fiber reinforcement on thethermal properties of particulate based natural fiber-reinforced hybrid composites. Banana and sisal fiberswere selected as natural fiber reinforcements for the polyester matrix based composites, which wereproduced by mechanical stir mix technique. Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Fourier-TransformInfrared Spectroscopy (FTIS) were conducted in accordance with American Society for Testing andMaterials (ASTM) standards for the characterization of the hybrid composites. The FTIS result shows thedisappearance of 1735 cm-1 peak, a notable evidence of NaOH treatment. The thermal analysis showedthat the hybridization significantly affected the high temperature stability of the composite, with 70%Sisal/30%Banana found to have the lowest high temperature mass loss at a temperature of 300–520oC, thushighest high temperature stability. Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG) results shows a minor mass lossrate at a temperature range of 50–150oC as well as a major mass loss rate due to pyrolysis of key fiberconstituents such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin between 260 and 350oC. Also it was observed thatas the percentage of banana in the hybrid fiber increases the speed of high temperature mass loss reduces.
Computational Simulation of a Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition Process for Depositing SRO Films
Authors: Morán Martínez Xochitl Aleyda , Luna-López José Alberto , Apreza Sies Alberto , Hernández-de La Luz Álvaro David , Martinez Hernández Haydee Patricia
Published: July 2021

In the present report, a two dimensional (2D) model was developed to describe the fluid dynamics, heat and mass transfer of a Chemical Vapor Deposition activated by a Hot Filament (HFCVD) reactor, as well as the chemical generation of the precursor species which are present in the growth of non-stoichiometric silicon rich oxide (SRO) films. The SRO is known for have excellent photo luminescent properties which are useful in optoelectronic applications. This material can be obtained by the HFCVD technique which offers important advantages such as the easily to obtain thin films with diverse structural, compositional and optical characteristics. During deposition is a priority to control key parameters as inlet flow, substrate temperature and pressure so it compels to know previous theoretical information about these parameters which can be obtained by computational simulation. Therefore, by means of commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) were solved the continuity, momentum and energy equations in steady state. Also, a thermodynamic equilibrium study of the SiO2(s) + H2 (g) reaction was carried out with the Factsage software. The thermodynamic equilibrium results provide the main chemical species which are present during the deposit process of the SRO films. The 2D model was used to simulate the temperature and velocity distribution of the hydrogen in the deposit process. The theoretical calculated temperatures were compared with those obtained experimentally by thermocouple measurements. From the simulation results, the temperature and gas velocity profiles were obtained at different hydrogen flow levels (50, 75, 100 sccm) and temperature source-substrate distances (5, 6 and 7mm) for a 50 sccm level. SEM micrographs and profilometry measurements disclose that the outlet configuration affects substantially both the thickness and surface uniformity of the SRO films. This parameter was modified to obtain a better quality (thickness and uniformity) and a large deposit area.
Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and encountered side-effects among the vaccinated in Bangladesh
Authors: Parvej Md. Iftakhar , Sultana Samina , Tabassum Mimma , Mannan Seefat E , Ahmed Firoz
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To identify the acceptance of the vaccine based on factors influencing the vaccination program and the side effects from vaccinated people.

Methods:

A cross-sectional online survey of 1 529 Bangladeshi adults (≥18 years) was conducted between 17 April, 2021 and 26 April, 2021. Statistical analysis of the data included Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression analysis.

Results:

In total, 67.04% of the participants were willing to accept a COVID-19 vaccine, and 45.00% of them in our study had already received. Overall Bangladeshi people were more likely to accept COVID-19 vaccine if the vaccine reduces risk of infectious disease and has no associated health risk after receiving it. Among the respondents, religions, education level, living area (urban), belif that vaccines protect against infectious diseases and vaccines do not have health-related risk and vaccination was significantly associated with the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines. Conversely, people’s perception on development of natural immunity rather than receiving vaccines was also positively reflected. More than half (57.41%) reported minor side effects such as fever, muscle pain and headache after getting vaccine shots.

Conclusions:

This study revealed that the acceptance rate was influenced by socio-demographic and health-related characteristics and people are not afraid of this vaccine if they faced minor side effects after receiving it. These findings might help the government and policymakers of Bangladesh to implement necessary steps to accomplish this vaccination program effectively.
Prevalence and clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies among hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Wahono Cesarius Singgih , Susianti Hani , Dantara Tri Wahyudi Iman , Rahman Perdana Aditya , Pratama Mirza Zaka , Wulanda Indah Adhita , Hartanti Khoirunisah Dwi , Dewi Elvira Sari , Handono Kusworini
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To describe the prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and to find potential associations between antiphospholipid antibody positivity and clinical outcomes.

Methods:

From September to November 2020, clinical and laboratory data were collected from 50 COVID-19 patients hospitalized at Saiful Anwar General Hospital in Malang, Indonesia. Antiphospholipid antibodies were measured by finding IgM anti-β2 glycoprotein, lupus anticoagulant, and IgM/IgG anticardiolipin. Clinical characteristics, thrombotic events, ICU admission, and mortality during hospitalization were recorded. Disease severity was defined by the Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of COVID-19, Indonesia.

Results:

Among 50 patients, 5 patients (10.0%) were positive for antiphospholipid antibodies: 4 patients (80.0%) had IgM anti-β2 glycoprotein and 1 patient had IgG anti-cardiolipin (20.0%) and IgM anti-cardiolipin (20.0%), none of lupus anticoagulant was detected. Antiphospholipid antibodies were associated with anosmia (OR 8.1; 95% CI 1.1-57.9; P=0.018), nausea and vomiting (OR 12.4; 95% CI 1.2-122.6; P=0.010), diarrhea (OR 9.8; 95% CI 1.3-70.9; P=0.010), cardiovascular disease (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0-1.9; P=0.001), chronic kidney disease (OR 12.0; 95% CI 1.6-90.1; P=0.05), acute coronary syndrome (OR 29.3; 95% CI 2.0-423.7; P=0.001), moderate (OR 0.11; 95% CI 0.01-1.10; P=0.031) and severe (OR 18.5; 95% CI 1.8-188.4; P=0.002) disease severity, and in-hospital mortality (OR 8.1; 95% CI 1.1-57.9; P=0.018). However, there is no correlation between the presence of antiphospholipid antibody and ICU admission.

Conclusions:

In summary, the prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies in COVID-19 patients is low, mainly against IgM anticardiolipin, and is associated with an acute coronary syndrome, gastrointestinal manifestations, moderate and severe disease severity, and increased risk of mortality.
Pediatric perspectives on treating uncommon genotypes of hepatitis C in the United States
Authors: Sakulsaengprapha Vorada , Alford Mary Kay , Karnsakul Wikrom
Published: July 2021

Rationale:

Hepatitis C in the pediatric population is a large health burden globally. With its diverse genotypes as well as genotypic subtypes, there is a discrepancy in the genotypes used in research compared to their prevalence. HCV genotype 6 which is endemic to South China and Southeast Asia comprises approximately one-third of all HCV infections worldwide, but make up a minority of cases studied in HCV research.

Patient concerns:

We report a case of HCV-6 seen in an 11-year-old Burmese immigrant to the U.S. and describe the new direct acting antiviral treatment guidelines for pediatrics with HCV genotype 6.

Interventions:

The patient completed a 12-week course of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (90 mg/400 mg), per FDA weight-based recommendations for treatment-naive HCV genotypes 4-6, without any complications.

Outcomes:

The patient was treated successfully with an undetectable HCV viral load one month after treatment completion.

Lessons:

HCV-6, although previously uncommon in the U.S., is becoming more prevalent. Updated guidelines include the use of direct acting antivirals, which have been proven effective for HCV-6. Lessons on barriers to care in the immigrant population as well as the value of HCV genotyping are also discussed.
Dyslipidemia in Children
Authors: Uniyal Arti , Narang Manish
Published: July 2021

Dyslipidemia is a condition characterized by abnormal levels of one or more plasma lipids or lipoproteins. It is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) around the world. Pediatric dyslipidemias can lead to atherosclerosis and extrapolate to premature CVDs. Atherosclerotic lesions begin during childhood and act as the major risk factor for atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD). Dyslipidemias can be caused by primary genetic disorders or by secondary causes, the most common of which is obesity. In order to diagnose and manage dyslipidemias early, it is important to know the screening guidelines, lifestyle changes, and treatment for childhood dyslipidemias. The appropriate identification and management of dyslipidemia in childhood can lead to decreased risk factors for future CVDs. One of the best ways to manage childhood dyslipidemias is through appropriate lifestyle changes where parents play a vital role, through healthy home environment. Pharmacological interventions include statins and fibrates that play a major role. This article reviews pediatric dyslipidemia and reemphasizes on the importance of lifestyle changes modeled by parents as well as appropriate selection of treatment by health-care providers. The aim of this review article is to draw attention toward the importance of screening, identification, and timely management of dyslipidemias in children which can prevent future risks and complications that may even be life threatening.
Adult-Onset Still's Disease Masquerading as Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Gautam Pooja , Gupta Navneet , Arora Aanchal , Sharma Kusha , Goel Atul
Published: July 2021

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hematological condition caused by the overactivation of macrophages leading to widespread tissue destruction and organ dysfunction. The disease has a clinical overlap with adult-onset still's disease (AOSD) and hence poses a diagnostic challenge. We report the case of a 20-year-old female who presented with prolonged febrile illness, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, and generalized lymphadenopathy. She was diagnosed with HLH and was readmitted 6 weeks later with recurrent fever, polyarthralgia, and pharyngitis. A diagnosis of AOSD with secondary HLH was made.
Impact of an Intrahospital Awareness Strategy on Attendance to the Cervical Cancer Screening Unit of the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital Cameroon
Authors: Antaon Jesse Saint Saba , Eli Leuwe Donse Frank , Mamche Robertine , Mawamba Yvette Nkene , Tebeu Pierre Marie
Published: July 2021

Background:

Approximately 1500 women in Cameroon die annually from cervical cancer, but only 8% of women at risk have undergone cervical cancer screening. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of an intrahospital awareness strategy on the frequency of cervical cancer screening at Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital(YUTH). Materials and

Methods:

This quasi-experimental study (before/after) was conducted at the Yaoundé UTH. It involved women who received an awareness of cervical cancer intervention at the Yaoundé CHU (intervention group) and those who did not (without intervention group) for 4 months (March to June) of 2 consecutive years (2016 and 2017). Proportions, central tendency parameters (mean or median), odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results:

A total of 1,313 women participated in screening for cervical cancer, of whom 40.60% were in the without intervention group and 59.40% were in the intervention group. The level of education and marital status were heterogeneously distributed in the two groups (P < 0.05). Women with a higher education level and who were married were more likely to participate in cervical cancer screening after intrahospital sensitization (OR [95% CI] = 5.64 [4.41–7.20] and OR [95% CI] = 1.48 [1.19–1.85], respectively).

Conclusion:

An intrahospital awareness intervention increased the number of participants in screening for cervical cancer. There is a need to implement this strategy in other hospitals and place particular emphasis on sensitizing less educated and single women.
Clinical Indications and Arrhythmic Patterns of 24-h Holter Electrocardiography among Cardiovascular Disease Patients
Authors: Julario Rerdin , Budi Mulia Eka Prasetya , Dewi Ivana Purnama , Gunadi Ruth Irena , Dharmadjati Budi Baktijasa
Published: July 2021

Background:

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical indications and arrhythmic patterns in cardiovascular disease patients who were referred for Holter electrocardiography (ECG) in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Methods:

A retrospective cross-sectional study was held at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Patient's data, including Holter ECG, was obtained from the local Holter Registry between July 2019 and December 2019.

Results:

A total of 89 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 50.1 ± 16.0 years old, and 48 patients (53.9%) were females. The most common indication was palpitation (39.3%) followed by the history of arrhythmia (14.6%), shortness of breath (13.5%), and chest pain (12.4%). Ventricular ectopic (VE) and supraventricular ectopic (SVE) were the most common arrhythmia in 70.8% and 12.4% of subjects, respectively. About 20.2% of patients had frequent VE, and Lown's Grade 4 was the most prevalent VE accounting for 45.9% of patients among all VE events. A total of 5.6% of patients had episodes of atrial fibrillation. Frequent SVE was found in 4.5% of patients, whereas 5.6% had supraventricular tachycardia. About 3.4% of patients had abnormal atrioventricular conduction, and 4.5% had chronotropic incompetence.

Conclusions:

Palpitation of unknown etiology was the most common clinical indication for Holter ECG among our patients. The most prevalent arrhythmias were VEs and SVEs, with Lown's Grade 4 being the most prevalent VEs. Holter ECG in patients with that indication was reasonably high diagnostic yield in detecting arrhythmia.
The Etiology of Infertility in the Western Region of Libya
Authors: Eldib Abdallah , Tashani Osama A.
Published: July 2021

Aim:

The aim of this study is to investigate the etiology of infertility in couples seeking medical help from the Infertility Clinics and gynecological departments in hospitals in Western Libya.

Patients and Methods:

Data were collected directly from patients' medical records. However, additional data were collected through interviews.

Results:

The total number of couples recruited was 135. Men (mean ± standard deviation of age = 41.7 ± 7.0 years) were significantly older than women (35.2 ± 6.5 years) (P = 0.001). Women were more likely to marry younger than men (mean difference = 6.5 years, 95% confidence interval [CI] =5.1–7.8 years) and the duration of all participant's marriages before the interviews was 9.0 ± 5.0 years. The causes of fertility were as follows: 33 (24.4%) (95% CI 17.16–31.64) cases were due to a female factor, 92 (68.1%) (95% CI = 60.24–75.96) cases were due to a male factor with 6 (4.4%) (95% CI 0.94–7.86) cases of combined male and female factor and 4 (3%) (95% CI = 0.12–5.88) cases without explained cause. Out of all patients, only 13 (4.8%) (95% CI = 2.25–7.35) were cases of secondary infertility and 257 (95.2%) (95% CI = 92.65–97.75) were cases of primary infertility. In females, the most common causes of infertility were ovulation disorders with 40 (23.4%) (95% CI = 17.05%–29.75%), polycystic ovary syndrome with 23 (13.5%) (95% CI = 8.38%–18.62%), irregular or no menstruation with 19 (11.1%) (95% CI = 6.39%–15.81%). The most frequent findings in males were 76 cases (31.0%) (95% CI = 25.21%–36.79%) asthenospermia, 75 cases (30.6%) (95% CI = 24.83%–36.37%) showing teratospermia and 56 (22.9%) (95% CI = 17.64%–28.16%) with oligospermia.

Conclusions:

Infertility due to male factor in Libya (approximately 70%), was very high compared to data from other regions of the world. Infertility due to the female factor is comparable to other regions of the world. The main cause for female factor infertility was ovulation disorders. Further research of infertility in other parts of the Middle Eastern and North African region is needed. This research must combine epidemiological, medical, and social investigations to find the main causes of infertility in the region.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
Authors: Karri Madhavi , Ramasamy Balakrishnan , Perumal Santhosh , Kannan Karthik Thamarai
Published: July 2021

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an acute neurological condition with characteristic clinical and radiological features. PRES occurring as a complication post blood transfusion is reported to be rare, irrespective of the presence of an underlying hematological disorder. Here, we describe a case of a 37-year old female known case of chronic anemia secondary to menorrhagia, who received three units of packed red blood cells transfusion and there was raise in hemoglobin from 6 gm/dl to 11 gm/dl. Four hours after the last transfusion, she developed occipital headache with neck pain and presented to us with two episodes of generalized tonic-clonic seizures after four days of symptoms onset. With this clinical picture in correlation with magnetic rsonance imaging findings, features were consistent with PRES. PRES is contemplated as one of the acute transfusion reactions but a rare entity, which is often preventable.
Psoriasis Flare-Up and New-Onset Psoriatic Arthritis Induced by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Authors: Kloub Mohammad N. , AlHiyari Mousa Ahmad , Yassin Mohamed A.
Published: July 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, discovered in December 2019 in China is now a pandemic affecting >200 countries worldwide. The general population is susceptible to infection, however elderly people and those with a background of chronic medical illnesses are at increased risk for severe symptoms and complicated outcomes. The SARS-CoV-2 virus usually establishes itself and replicates in the respiratory system and can establish infection in the upper part of the respiratory tract as well as the lower part of the respiratory tract, presenting in a spectrum ranging from asymptomatic infection reaching up to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome,; however, SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect other systems of the human body as many cases have been reported where the patients present with different bodily system symptoms without having respiratory symptoms as usual. We report a case of a 44-year-old male patient who had a psoriasis flare-up and new-onset psoriatic arthritis likely induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collagen matrix membrane as a biological dressing in defects of the oral mucosa
Authors: Ahmad Fahad , Lata Jeevan
Published: July 2021

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the usefulness of the extracellular collagen matrix membrane as a biological wound dressing material for defects of the oral mucosa.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred two patients were included in the study. A bovine-based extracellular matrix collagen membrane was used. The study was confined to those defects of oral mucosa which were large enough to close primarily.

Results:

The results were evaluated under various parameters such as hemostasis, pain relief, granulation, epithelialization, and contracture of the wound. Secondary infection and allergenicity to the membrane were also considered, and finally, the usefulness of the collagen membrane was tested by the use of the Chi-square test and P < 0.001 was found.

Conclusion:

We concluded that the extracellular collagen membrane could be used as a biological dressing in oral defects. Although it does not replace, it is proved as a good substitute of autologous graft.
Evidence mapping and quality analysis of published dental literature on COVID-19 – A systematic review
Authors: Rahul Morankar , Tewari Nitesh , Mathur Vijay , Goel Shubhi , Jain Gunjar
Published: July 2021

A large number of scientific articles have been published regarding impact of COVID-19 infection on dental practice, dental professionals, and the mode of spread of infection via dental procedures. The present systematic review was planned with an aim of evidence mapping and quality analysis of published research on the dental aspects of COVID-19 infection. The protocol was registered at https://share.osf.io/registration/46221-C87-BA8. The search was performed in Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases till 15th July 2020. There was no restriction of year of publication and language. All types of published articles related to Dentistry, Dentist, Dental practice, and Oral health education on COVID-19 were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools were used for the risk of bias analysis of included studies. A total of 393 articles were short-listed and were checked for eligibility and finally, 380 articles were included. Among the 380 research articles published (till July 15, 2020), the majority of the included articles belonged to the lowermost strata of the evidence pyramid. There were 54 original research articles with no randomized clinical trial, systematic review or, meta-analysis pertaining to the dental perspective of COVID-19 infection. The level of available evidence about dentistry and COVID-19 infection is very low with a lack of researches of highest quality. The guidelines/recommendations for dental professionals, proposed by the different scientific organizations/societies regarding COVID-19 infection are only consensus-based necessitating the need to formulate evidence-based guidelines. There is a need to identify essential research questions and strengthen the study designs in most of the aspects related to the dentistry and COVID-19 pandemic.
Serum beta-2 microglobulin analysis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sequeira Joyce , Sengupta Shreya , Mhatre Bhupendra
Published: July 2021

Aim:

This study aims to compare the level of serum beta-2 microglobulin (β2-M) in normal healthy individuals and patient with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methodology:

This study has been conducted in patients attending the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yenepoya Dental College, Deralakatte, Mangalore. Sample comprises of 25 cases of clinically and histologically diagnosed oral cancer and 25 normal healthy individuals as control group. The serum was analyzed for β2-M by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:

It was observed that there was a significant increase in serum β2-M levels in oral SCC patients as compared to controls. Circulating levels in serum β2-M were also elevated significantly among different clinical stages with progressive rise from stage I to stage IV of the disease.

Conclusion:

The evaluation of these markers would be useful in assessing malignant change, increasing accuracy of clinical diagnosis and also in assessing the spread and invasiveness of the cancer of the oral cavity.
Evidence-based analysis of the effect of smoking on osseointegrated implant outcome
Authors: Hadadi Abeer Ali , Mezied Maha S
Published: July 2021

The outcome of the osseointegrated implant is influenced by various conditions, one of which is smoking. Literature shows conflicting results for the association between smoking and implant success. Hence, the study was conducted to assess the effects of smoking on survival and marginal bone loss of osseointegrated implants. Literature search of published articles in Medline, Scopus, Ovid, and Journal of Web till June 2020 were analyzed for the determined outcomes. Revman 5.4 software was used for the analysis of the study. Of the 437 articles screened, nine were chosen for review and analysis. Meta-analytic results showed that implant success rate was better in nonsmokers than smokers (odds ratio = 0.43, 95% confidence interval = 0.26–0.72, P < 0.0001). Smoking habit does seem to affect the implant outcome of survival and marginal bone loss negatively.
Common postoperative complications after general anesthesia in oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Lone Parveen Akhter , Wani Nisar Ahmed , Ain Qurrat ul , Heer Abha , Devi Ranjna , Mahajan Shivani
Published: July 2021

Aim and Objectives:

Anesthesia is Greek word meaning loss of sensation, and involves painful invasive procedure to be performed with little distress and no pain to the patient. Postoperative anesthetic complications are very common and duration of surgery is frequently cited as major risk factor for postoperative complications. The recognition and treatment of these complications are important when providing good quality care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate mild, moderate, and severe postoperative complications in patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery under general anesthesia and also determine the safety of general anesthesia in healthy and patients with comorbidities.

Subjects and Methods:

This prospective study was conducted in the oral and maxillofacial surgery department. Two hundred and twenty patients who were operated under general anesthesia were taken in study. All relevant past medical and dental records were noted and were supported by preformulated questionnaire and was filled preoperatively and after surgery to 12 weeks.

Results:

Mild-to-moderate and severe complications were noted. Females showed more complications than males. Most common complications were sore throat, dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, pain, swelling in normal patients, and in patients with comorbidities delayed wound healing, hypertension, and infection were also seen.

Conclusion:

The use of General Anesthesia is considered safe but it has few risks associated with it and past medical conditions should be evaluated preoperatively.
On spherical unitary representations of groups of spheromorphisms of Bruhat–Tits trees
Authors: Neretin Yury A.
Published: July 2021

Consider an infinite homogeneous tree

\mathcal{T}_n

of valence

n+1

, its group Aut

(\mathcal{T}_n)

of automorphisms, and the group Hier

(\mathcal{T}_n)

of its spheromorphisms (hierarchomorphisms), i.e., the group of homeomorphisms of the boundary of

\mathcal{T}_n

that locally coincide with transformations defined by automorphisms. We show that the subgroup Aut

(\mathcal{T}_n)

is spherical in Hier

(\mathcal{T}_n)

, i.e., any irreducible unitary representation of Hier

(\mathcal{T}_n)

contains at most one Aut

(\mathcal{T}_n)

-fixed vector. We present a combinatorial description of the space of double cosets of Hier

(\mathcal{T}_n)

with respect to Aut

(\mathcal{T}_n)

and construct a “new” family of spherical representations of Hier

(\mathcal{T}_n)

. We also show that the Thompson group Th has PSL

(2,\mathbb{Z})

-spherical unitary representations.
Parömie als textorganisatorisches Mittel
Authors: Matulina Željka
Published: July 2021

Ausgewählte Werbetexte aus zehn verschiedenen deutschen, österreichischen und kroatischen Zeitungen und Zeitschriften werden einer Analyse unterzogen, die Antworten geben auf die Fragen: (1) Wo im Kontext der Werbung werden Parömien eingesetzt? (2) Wie werden sie dort gebraucht? Es konnte festgestellt werden, daß parömische Mittel eine wichtige stilistische und textorganisierende Funktion haben. Die Parömie wird zumeist variiert, d.h., weniger in der originalen Version gebraucht.