bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Newly Synthesized Chalcone Derivatives Effect on PC12 Cells in in Vitro Model of The Parkinson's Disease As a Potential Treatment
Authors: Farhadi Mona , Sanadgol Zahra , Jameie Seyed Behnamedin , Kashani Elmira , Pesyan Nader Noroozi , Kian Roshanak , Sorkhabi Shahla Golghasemi , Shamkhali Amir Nasser , Zakerhamidi Mohammad Sadegh
Published: April 2021

Chalcone is a common simple scaffold found in many naturally occurring compounds. Many Chalcone derivatives have also been prepared due to their convenient synthesis. These natural products and synthetic compounds have shown numerous interesting biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, induction of apoptosis, and angiogenesis. As the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease is most common motor function disorder. Even though this disease is not fully understood, processes such as oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis are largely involved in its progress. As such, antioxidants are significant agents in slowing down the process through running interference in ROS production and apoptosis. Here, we present the effect of three newly synthesized Chalcone compounds on 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity on the PC12 cells in Parkinson's disease model by integrating several experimental (MTT assay, ROS assay, Annexin & PI assay, Western blotting P53, Bax, Bcl2) data and validating the results based on the interactional contribution equations of these compounds obtained from previous experimental and theoretical study carried out on the molecular resonance and interactional behavior of these compounds via Linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model and time-dependent density functional theory and conﬁguration interaction calculations. We conclude that all three Chalcones have neuroprotective activity, and presented a reduction in ROS production and an increment in cell viability in the groups treated with 6-OHDA. This effect was observed at lower concentrations for all Chalcone compounds. At higher concentrations Chalcones 1 and 2 showed cytotoxicity. However, Chalcone 3 did not show any cytotoxicity, even for high doses, which points out the therapeutic potential of this Chalcone in reducing the dopaminergic cell destruction.
Prevalence and determinants associated with second trimester termination of pregnancy in Harari city, Ethiopia; Cross sectional study.
Authors: Mohammed Murad , Wesenu Million
Published: April 2021

Background: Abortion is a termination of pregnancy before the fetus has become viable, i.e., capable of independent existence once delivered by the mother. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinants associated with second trimester termination of pregnancy among the women in the reproductive age. Methods: Cross sectional study, design was conducted from September 1-30, 2020. Eight hundreds thirty-five sample of women with induced abortion complication were used. The data were entered into statistical package and service solutions (SPSS) version 23.0 for cleaning and data analysis. Chi-square test of association was used to test the association between the response variable. Binary logistic regression was employed for variables one by one in bivariate logistic regression to determine the significant association between response variables and predictors at p-value 0.15. A 95% confidence interval (CI) and level of significance less than 0.05 were used to determine statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of second trimester termination of pregnancy in the reproductive Age (15-49 years) was found to be 18.2%. As a result multivariable logistic regression model, women with age category 20-24 years [Adjusted odds ratio(AOR)=2.055, 95% CI=1.102-3.831], age category 30-34 years [AOR=3.084, 95%CI=1.348-7.056] , age category greater than or equal to 35 had adjusted odds ratio(AOR=3.021, 95% CI=1.199-7.610), having safe abortion care (AOR=0.294, 95%CI=0.132-0.656), taking treatment in health care/hospital (AOR=2.385, 95% CI=1.057-5.382) and repeatedly acceptor of post-abortion contraception (AOR=0.533, 95%CI=0.291-0.979) were potential determinants associated with women’s in the reproductive age with second trimester termination of pregnancy. Conclusions: Second trimester termination of pregnancy is strongly affected by age of mother, abortion care, place of managed abortion and post-abortion contraception. Strategies on Antenatal care and task-oriented services should be given to community level about the second trimester medical termination of pregnancy to decrease further complications and maternal mortality.
Mapping the Process and the Resources That Are Needed to Implement a Praziquantel Mass Drug Administration Program for Children Aged Five Years Old and Below in Resource Limited Settings: a Scoping Review
Authors: Ncube Mhlengi Vella , Kabuyaya Muhubiri , Chimbari Moses John
Published: April 2021

Background: The early childhood development of millions of children in some low and medium income countries may be compromised by schistosomiasis infections contracted at the age of 5 years or below. Currently there are no standard guidelines for treating schistosomiasis in children that are five years and younger using praziquantel (PZQ), the only drug that the WHO recommends to treat schistosomiasis. This review is on processes and resources involved in the treatment of schistosomiasis in children aged five years and below.Methods: An electronic search for peer-reviewed articles published in the period from 2008 to 2018 (August) was done in the Academic Search Complete, CINAHL with Full Text, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, and MEDLINE databases via EBSCOHost and Google Scholar databases. The search targeted journals that described the treatment of schistosomiasis in children five years and below using praziquantel. Results: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. The process of treating schistosomiasis in the children aged five years old and below included the following activities: enrolment of the children into the treatment program; clinical examination; diagnosis; taking anthropometric measurements; feeding the children, making the PZQ palatable to the children; administration of PZQ and monitoring of side effects. There was also a variation in the resources used to treat children aged five- and below for schistosomiasis. Conclusions: A PZQ mass drug administration program for children aged five years old and below in endemic areas should exclude diagnosis of schistosomiasis before treatment. The resources required in the treatment process should be affordable, should not require skills and maintenance resources that are beyond those that are available at primary healthcare level.
Durability Improvement of Concentrated Polymer Brushes by Multiscale Texturing
Authors: Watanabe Seiya , Kodama Eri , Tadokoro Chiharu , Sakakibara Keita , Nakano Ken , Sasaki Shinya , Tsujii Yoshinobu
Published: April 2021

Concentrated polymer brushes (CPBs) are promising soft-material coatings for improving tribological properties under severe sliding conditions, even in the macroscopic scale. Therefore, they are expected to be applied to mechanical sliding components. However, the durability of CPBs has remained challenging for industrial applications. Previous studies revealed that applying a groove texture to the CPB substrate is effective in improving the durability of CPBs. In order to achieve further improvement of durability of CPBs, we attempted to apply the periodical structure, which is a microfabricated structure corresponding to a surface roughness 0.02 μm, whereas the groove texture applied in previous studies has widths and depths in micrometres. In this study, the effect of the nano-periodic structure in addition to the groove texture applied to the CPB substrate on the durability of CPB is investigated. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in the durability of CPBs by up to 90% compared with non-textured CPB when an appropriate nano-periodic structure is applied (i.e. a nano-periodic structure oriented parallel to the groove texture).
The Role of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Childbearing Intentions in Iranian Women: A Path Analysis
Authors: Banaei Mojdeh , Nia Hamid Sharif , Mokhtarian-Gilani Tahereh , Kariman Nourossadat
Published: April 2021

Background: The novel Coronavirus disease is a newly-emerged global challenge that has rapidly spread throughout the world. The COVID-19 pandemic may lead to couples not being physically and mentally ready to assume a parenting role. Given the changes in reproductive behaviors and the lack of accurate information about childbearing factors during the Coronavirus pandemic, the present study investigates the role of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iranian couples’ childbearing intentions based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model.Methods: The present descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional, web-based study was conducted on 400 married Iranian women in their reproductive age. Sampling was carried out over four months from 12 July 2020 using official online social networks popular among the public. Data were collected using a demographic checklist and the researcher-made questionnaire entitled “Factors related to childbearing intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic”, which was designed based on the main constructs of the planned behavior model. Data were then analyzed in AMOS-24 using path analysis.Results: The mean age of the participants was 33.41 years. Testing the indirect relationships of the mediation model effect showed a positive relationship between knowledge (β = 0.226, p < .001) and subjective norms (β = 0.155, p = .001) about COVID-19. Anxiety about COVID-19 mediated the relationship of knowledge (β = .105, p = .009), attitude (β = -0.125, p = .002), subjective norms (β = .238, p < .001), and perceived behavioral control (β = .513, p < .001) about COVID-19 with childbearing intentions.Conclusions: Childbearing intentions had a direct relationship with knowledge, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in relation to COVID-19, and COVID-19-induced anxiety had a mediating role among the TPB constructs for performing an intended behavior (childbearing desire). Designing appropriate interventions to increase childbearing desires through anxiety-reducing and relaxation techniques will prove more effective.
The Factors Influencing Job Burnout Among Coal Miners in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China: a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Deng Huijun , Li Xinnan , Abulimiti Xieerwaniguli , Mutailifu Zulipinu , Zheng Shuaiyin , Lin Xin , Li Fuye
Published: April 2021

Background: Coal miners are prone to burnout symptoms due to their special working environment. There are no studies on the correlation between job burnout and occupational stress, effort-reward imbalance, and work-family-conflict.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1,346 coal miners were selected from 5 coal mining companies using stratified cluster sampling method. The Chinese version of the Job Burnout Scale, Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), Effort-Reward Inventory (ERI), and Working-Family-Conflict Scale were used to collect data from the coal miners. Correlation analysis and logistic regression methods were used to explore the factors affecting job burnout. Results: coal miners with different genders, ages, years of service, shift system, marital status, and type of work have different total scores and levels of job burnout (P<0.05). The effort-reward imbalance is associated with age, years of service, shift system and marital status (P<0.05). The occupational stress scores of coal miners of different genders, years of service, education, shift system and monthly income were different. Different shift systems, types of work, and work-family conflict scores were also different. The various dimensions of job burnout have varying degrees of correlation with the JCQ, ERI, and Working-Family-Conflict dimensions.Age, work demands, effort, work-family conflict and work-family conflict are risk factors for job burnout, and work autonomy is the protective factor. Conclusions:The detection rate of job burnout in coal miners in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is relatively high. Age, work demands, effort, and work-family conflict increase the incidence of job burnout, while work autonomy reduces job burnout.
Quantitative Assessment of Organic And Inorganic Contaminants In Charcoal Applied for Food Processing
Authors: Jelonek Zbigniew , Fabiańska Monika , Jelonek Iwona
Published: April 2021

Thirty-one batches of commercial charcoal from various regions of Poland and Germany were tested for the presence of twenty toxic elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Elements that are toxic to living organisms were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). They were classified as elements representing a very high degree of hazard (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb), high degree of hazard (Zn, Ba, Cr, Mn, and Mo), moderate degree of hazard (Co, Ni, Sn, and Te), and a low degree of hazard for living organisms and the environment (Ag, Bi, Ce, Se, Sr, and Zr). When it comes to the most toxic elements, the highest concentration in the whole tested material was recorded for Cu. In addition, considerable amounts of Ba, Mn, and Sr, i.e., elements representing high or moderate degree of hazard, were found in the tested charcoals. Moreover, all charcoals contained a wide range of PAHs, from naphthalene to benzo(ghi)perylene, with concentrations in the range between 12.55 and 3554.11 ng/g of charcoal. In total, 25 unsubstituted PAHs were identified in the charcoal extracts. PAHs distributions were dominated by 5-ring PAHs. The results indicate the high carcinogenicity with ∑PAHcarc/∑PAHtot close to 1, as well as high TEQ and MEQ values. Thus, prolonged exposure to charcoal and charcoal dust might cause serious health problems. This applies to employees actively involved in the production and transport of charcoal, and, to a lesser extent, also to users of this fuel.
A physicochemical assessment of the thermal stability of dextrin-colistin conjugates
Authors: Chiron Emilie , Varache Mathieu , Stokniene Joana , Thomas David W. , Ferguson Elaine L.
Published: April 2021

Attachment of polysaccharide carriers is increasingly being used to achieve precision delivery and improved effectiveness of protein and peptide drugs. Although it is clear that their clinical effectiveness relies on the purity and integrity of the conjugate in storage, as well as following administration, instability of polysaccharide-based conjugates can reduce the protective efficacy of the polymer, which may adversely affect the bioactive’s potency. As a model, these studies used dextrin-colistin conjugates, with varying degrees of polymer modification (1, 2.5 and 7.5 mol% succinoylation) to assess the effect of storage temperature (-20, 4, 21 and 37°C) and duration (up to 12 months) on saccharide and colistin release and antimicrobial activity. Estimation of the proportion of saccharide release (by comparison of area under the curve from size exclusion chromatograms) was more pronounced at higher temperatures (up to 3 and 35% at -20°C and 37°C, respectively after 12 months), however, repeated freeze-thaw did not produce any measurable release of saccharides, while addition of amylase (20, 100, 500 IU/L) caused rapid release of saccharides (> 70% total within 24 h). At all temperatures, conjugates containing the lowest degree of succinoylation released the highest proportion of free colistin, which increased with storage temperature, however no trend in saccharide release was observed. Despite the clear physical effects of prolonged storage, antimicrobial activity of all samples was only altered after storage at 37°C for 12 months (> 3-fold decreased activity). These results demonstrate significant release of saccharides from dextrin-colistin conjugates during prolonged storage in buffered solution, especially at elevated temperature, which, in most cases, did not affect antimicrobial activity. These findings provide vital information about the structure-activity relationship of dextrin-colistin conjugates, prior to full-scale commercial development, which can subsequently be applied to other polysaccharide-protein and -peptide conjugates.
Self-Assembled Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acid Mediated Tumor-Associated Macrophages Reprogramming and Enhancing Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: qian husun , Fu Yixin , Guo Minkang , Yang Wu , Zhang Dian , Zhou Ting , Fang Wenli , Yao Mengli , Shi He , Chengsen Chai , Cheng Wei , Ding Shijia , chen tingmei
Published: April 2021

There is increasing interest in depleting or repolarizing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to generate a pro-inflammatory effect. However, TAMs usually display an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype in tumor microenvironment. Apparently, developing a macrophage targeting delivery system with immunomodulatory agents is urgent. In the study, an efficient siRNAs and CpG ODNs delivery system (CpG-siRNA-tFNA) was prepared with nucleic acid stepwise self-assembled. The tFNA composed of CpG ODNs and siRNAs showed a higher stability and an enhanced cellular uptake efficiency. Moreover, the CpG-siRNA-tFNA effectively reprogrammed TAMs toward M1 phenotype polarization with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and NF-κB signal pathways activation, which triggers dramatical antitumor immune responses. Hence, we have developed an efficient and reliable TAM-targeted therapeutic with immunomodulatory agents for for clinical applications.
Highly Efficient Production of Transfructosylating Enzymes Using Low-Cost Sugarcane Molasses by A. Pullulans FRR 5284
Authors: Khatun Most Sheauly , Hassanpour Morteza , Harrison Mark , Speight Robert , O'Hara Ian , Zhang Zhanying
Published: April 2021

In this study, sugarcane molasses was used to produce transfructosylating enzymes by A. pullulans FRR 5284. It was found that NaNO3 was a better nitrogen source than yeast extract while exogeneous phosphorous was not needed. Adding only 4.4 g/L NaNO3 into the molasses medium containing 100 g/L sugars led to the highest total transfructosylating activity of 123.8 U/mL. Scale-up of the enzyme production process from shake flasks to 1 L reactor improved the enzyme activity and productivity to 171.7 U/mL and 3.58 U/mL/h, 39% and 108% higher than the corresponding activity and productivity from shake flasks, respectively. FOS production from 500 g/L sucrose led to the highest yields of ~ 61% using intracellular, extracellular, and total enzymes from shake flasks and the reactor. Enzymes from different sources led to very different FOS profiles, indicating that FOS profiles can be controlled by adjusting intracellular and extracellular enzyme ratios to adjust prebiotic activity.
Graph theoretical analysis based on EEG effective connectivity in ADHD children
Authors: Shen Mingkan , Wen Paul , Li Yan , Song Bo
Published: April 2021

This paper reports a new method to identify the ADHD children using EEG signals and effective connectivity techniques. In this study, the original EEG data is pre-filtered and divided into Delta, Theta, Alpha and Beta bands. And then, the effective connectivity graphs are constructed by applying independent component analysis, multivariate regression model and phase slope index. The measures of clustering coefficient, nodal efficiency and degree centrality in graph theory are used to extract features from these graphs. Statistical analysis based on the standard error of the mean are employed to evaluate the graph theory measures in each frequency band. The results show a decreased average clustering coefficient in delta band for ADHD subjects. Also, in delta band, the ADHD subjects have increased nodal efficiency and degree centrality in left forehead part and decreased in forehead middle.
Surgery in Times of Conflict: Reflection of a Jordanian Surgeon in Afghanistan
Authors: Ebous Ali Al , Al-Tabba' Amal , Yamani Mahmoud Ahmed Al , Al-Hussaini Maysa
Published: April 2021

In January 2002, the Jordanian military field hospital was established in Mazar-e-Sharif in Afghanistan to provide medical care to many Afghanis. The Jordanian Military represented by the Royal Medical Services (RMS), a leading health authority in Jordan, was responsible for the staffing, operations, and security of the hospital, while the U.S. military offered logistical support, including the delivery of up to 7,500 different medical supplies and training of the Jordanian Special Forces team to maintain security of the field hospital.In this paper a Jordanian surgeon, who is one of the authors (A.E) shares his experience lasting for 100 days in the Jordanian military field hospital in Afghanistan in 2003 and describes the challenges and strengths/ opportunities of such experience from facilities and resources available to medical staff and surgical treatment provided. In addition, the paper outlines the faced religious, cultural and ethical issues of performing surgery at times of conflict. The 100-day mission had demonstrated the pivotal role surgeons can play in providing essential care and surgical treatment to civilians at times of conflict. A well-organized mission with the right medical expertise can make a real difference in the lives of others and can overcome many logistical, cultural and ethical barriers faced during such hard times.
Impact of Blood Urea Nitrogen and Creatinine Levels on Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Pregnancy: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Deng Guifang , Wu Lanlan , Liu Yao , Liu Zengyou , Chen Hengying , Shen Siwen , Wei Yuanhuan , Sun Ruifang
Published: April 2021

Background: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (SCr) are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, there were limited data in the literature on the influence of BUN and SCr on maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy. We aimed to examine the association of BUN and SCr levels during gestation with the risk of selected adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 1606 singleton mothers aged 22-44 years. Both BUN and SCr levels were collected and measured during the second (16-18th week), third (28-30th week) trimesters of gestation respectively and followed up pregnancy outcomes. Statistical analysis was used multivariate logistic regression. Results: In the multivariate adjusted logistic regression model, the highest level of SCr in the second trimester increased the risk of PROM by 45% (95% CI, 1.01-2.09). In the third trimester of gestation, compared with those in the lowest quartile, BUN levels in the highest quartile decreased the risk of macrosomia and LGA by 60%(95% CI, 0.20-0.78), 66%(95% CI, 0.21,0.55) , respectively, and increased the risk of SGA by 137%(1.06, 5.31), 186%(1.29,6.34) in the third and fourth quartiles, respectively. The adjusted OR (95%CI) for macrosomia in the fourth quartile was 0.46 (0.24, 0.87), for SGA in the third quartiles was 2.36 (1.10, 5.10), and for LGA in the fourth quartile was 0.61 (0.41,0.91) compared with those in the first quartile of SCr levels. The elevated changes of BUN (> 0.64mmol/L) was the risk factor of SGA (OR: 2.11, 95%CI: 1.03,4.32).Conclusion: Higher BUN and SCr levels during the 28-30th week of gestation even those towards the upper limit of the normal range can act as a warning sign of the impending SGA. Elevated changes of BUN and SCr during pregnancy also associated with the lower birth weight.
What is the recorded economic cost of alien invasive fishes worldwide?
Authors: Haubrock Phillip J. , Bernery Camille , Cuthbert Ross N. , Liu Chunlong , Kourantidou Melina , Leroy Boris , Turbelin Anna J. , Kramer Andrew M. , Verbrugge Laura , Diagne Christophe , Courchamp Franck , Gozlan Rodolphe E.
Published: April 2021

Invasive alien fishes have caused pernicious ecological impacts on aquatic ecosystems. However, there has not been a global appraisal of associated economic impacts. Here, we compiled reported economic impacts of invasive alien fishes using the most comprehensive global database of invasion costs (InvaCost). We analyze how fish invasion costs are distributed geographically and temporally, as well as which socioeconomic sectors are most impacted. Fish invasions have caused the economic loss of at least US$32.8 billion globally (2017 value), from only 26 reported species (of 128 known invasive alien fish species). North America had the highest costs (> 99%), followed by Europe and Asia, with no costs reported in Africa, Oceania nor South America. Very few costs from invasive fish in the marine realm were reported (0.1%). Most costs are related to resource damages and losses (97%), with relatively little spent on management; mainly impacting the fisheries sector (93%). However, when only considering empirically observed costs (without predictions), most costs were incurred by authorities and stakeholders through management, indicating that damage costs from invasive fishes are often extrapolated and/or difficult to quantify. Fish invasion costs increase markedly over time, from US$0.57 billion/year in the 1980s to US$1 billion/year in the 2000s. Fish invasions have been relatively well studied; however, economic costs have been lower than expected based on overall numbers of alien species. Accordingly, although costs are increasing, improved reporting is required to better understand how fish invasion costs are distributed across time, space and economic sectors.
First report of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on calendula in Turkey
Authors: Ataş Hürkan , Uysal Gülsüm , Gözel Çiğdem , Özalp Tevfik , Gözel Uğur , Devran Zübeyir
Published: April 2021

Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) is a traditional medicinal plant called pot marigold or English marigold. In this study, galled roots of pot marigold were collected from Balıkesir province of Turkey and egg masses were picked up from the roots of each plant with fine forceps. DNA was then extracted from samples and analyzed by species-specific primers referring to the most common Meloidogyne spp. Our results showed that Meloidogyne incognita was found as the only species in all the samples taken. The determination of M. incognita on calendula was done for the first time in Turkey.
LE JEUNE DU MOIS DE RAMADAN : QUEL IMPACT SUR LE RYTHME VEILLE-SOMMEIL CHEZ LES DIABETIQUES DE TYPE 2 JEUNEURS ?
Authors:   Service dEndocrinologie, Maladies metaboliques, Diabetologie et Nutrition, Hopital Arrazi, CHU Mohammed VI, Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie de Marrakech, Universite Cadi Ayad, Marrakech, MAROC., Ijdda Sara , Rafi Sana ,   Service dEndocrinologie, Maladies metaboliques, Diabetologie et Nutrition, Hopital Arrazi, CHU Mohammed VI, Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie de Marrakech, Universite Cadi Ayad, Marrakech, MAROC., ElMghari Ghizlane ,   Service dEndocrinologie, Maladies metaboliques, Diabetologie et Nutrition, Hopital Arrazi, CHU Mohammed VI, Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie de Marrakech, Universite Cadi Ayad, Marrakech, MAROC., El Ansari Nawal ,   Service dEndocrinologie, Maladies metaboliques, Diabetologie et Nutrition, Hopital Arrazi, CHU Mohammed VI, Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie de Marrakech, Universite Cadi Ayad, Marrakech, MAROC.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Le jeune du mois du Ramadan est un pilier de lIslam. La majorite des patients diabetiques a risque, le pratiquent meme sils en sont exemptes par leur religion. Cette pratique deplace lenergie et lhydratation jusqua lobscurite et inverse le rythme veille-sommeil. Le but de ce travail est detudier leffet du jeune au cours du mois sacre sur lhorloge veille-sommeil chez des patients diabetiques jeuneurs. Patients et methodes:Dans cette revue, nous discutons de maniere critique nos resultats dans ce domaine pendant le mois de Ramadan. Resultats: Les donnees disponibles qui controlent le programme veille / sommeil, la duree du sommeil, supportent lidee que le jeune du Ramadan diminue la quantite et la qualite du sommeil et augmente la somnolence diurne. Conclusion: Les etudes prenant en compte les facteurs environnementaux et le programme de sommeil/veille rapportaient une perturbation significative de larchitecture du sommeil.
A PSYCHOANALYTICAL STUDY OF RAMA MEHTAS INSIDE THE HAVELI
Authors:   Research Scholar, School of Arts and Humanities, Sangam University, Bhilwara, India., Bano Afsana , Bhatnagar Nidhi ,   Associate Professor, School of Arts and Humanities, Sangam University, Bhilwara, India.
Published: April 2021

This particular work will discuss the psychoanalytical view in the work of Rama Mehta. Psychoanalyses expand a theory of conscious, subconscious and unconscious that associates with the nature of human behavior. As it is noticed that all human behaviors are provoked by impel or instincts, which are the consequences of the neurological demonstrations of physical needs. Here the different characters are analyzed from a psychoanalytic point of view revealing the connections of their id, ego and superego and how it influences their actions in return.
INTEREST-FREE FINANCING IN AGRO-INDUSTRY: CONCEPTS, THEORIES, METHODS AND RESEARCH GAPS
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Sumbawa University of Technology, Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara 84371, Indonesia., Yulianto Kiki ,   Department of Agricultural Technology, IPB University, Bogor, West Java 16602, Indonesia., a Sukardi ,   Department of Agricultural Technology, IPB University, Bogor, West Java 16602, Indonesia., Siswi Indrasti Nastiti ,   Department of Agricultural Technology, IPB University, Bogor, West Java 16602, Indonesia., Raharja Sapta ,   Department of Agricultural Technology, IPB University, Bogor, West Java 16602, Indonesia.
Published: April 2021

Interest-free financing in agro-industry is an exciting topic that has been developed by many researchers, but there is no clarity regarding the road map for future research. Therefore, formulations such as concepts, theories, methods, and research gaps, focusing on interest-free financing in agro-industry, are essential. This literature study was conducted using a systematic literature review method. The data used are secondary data from textbooks, theses/dissertations, conference papers, journals, scientific articles, and working papers. This study resulted in the formulation of the theory, concepts, and methods studied in the form of an explanation of 8 sub-topics of research gaps supported by references and explanations of state of the art. They are making it easier for researchers who have the same interest in developing and looking for novelties with the topic of interest-free financing research in the agro-industry.
LUPUS PNEUMONITIS AS THE INITIAL PRESENTATION OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors:   Service De Medecine Interne, Hopital Arrazi, CHU Mohamed VI, Marrakech, Maroc., Yousfi Jaouad , Oumlil Soukaina ,   Service De Medecine Interne, Hopital Arrazi, CHU Mohamed VI, Marrakech, Maroc., Zahlane Mouna ,   Service De Medecine Interne, Hopital Arrazi, CHU Mohamed VI, Marrakech, Maroc., Essaadouni Lamiaa ,   Service De Medecine Interne, Hopital Arrazi, CHU Mohamed VI, Marrakech, Maroc.
Published: April 2021

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease that is characterized by a multisystemic involvement and various clinical manifestations. Pulmonary manifestations occur in approximately 50% of patients. One of the rare and mortal complications is lupus pneumonitis. Very few cases have been reported due to its rarity and diagnostic challenge. It must be suspected in case of non-response to conventional treatment for pneumonia. We describe the case of a 29-year-old man with lupus pneumonitis as the initial presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Donnai–Barrow syndrome in nephrology practice
Authors: Aksenova M. E. , Zaikova N. M. , Lepaeva T. V. , Dlin V. V.
Published: April 2021

Donnai–Barrow syndrome is a multi-system disorder characterized by a variable combination of congenital anomalies, progressive myopia, sensorineural hearing loss, intellectual disability and renal disease. The article describes clinical cases of children with different phenotypes of the syndrome, including different renal disorders. One patient had isolated low-molecular-weight proteinuria, another patient suffered from proteinuria, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis. Disruption of megaline-mediated endocytosis, retrograde endosomal transport of ligands, mitochondrial dysfunction, stress of the endoplasmic reticulum can lead to a different spectrum and various degrees of severity of tubular dysfunction in Donnai-Barrow syndrome. A variety of clinical manifestations of the disease can lead to a low diagnosis of Donnai-Barrow syndrome and inadequate patient management.
Features of the neuropsychic development of premature babies born with very low and extremely low body weight
Authors: Mironova A. K. , Samigulina M. G. , Osmanov I. M. , Milovanova O. A. , Amirkhanova D. Yu. , Komissarova O. A.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the literature data and the results of the authors’ observations of preterm children in the postnatal period, born with extremely low and very low body weight, with the definition of the leading psycho-neurological disorders, which cause disabling conditions in this group of patients. The authors highlight the difficulties of predicting the neuropsychological development of deeply premature and extremely premature children. The scientists note the importance of a comprehensive assessment of their health status. They justify the necessity of improving the system of medical support for such children at all stages of nursing, rehabilitation and the introduction of a personalized approach to clinical practice with the development of differentiated programs of medical supervision and habilitation.
From Socialism to Capitalism: Structural Poverty of Indigenous Women in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Rupita Rupita , Niko Nikodemus
Published: April 2021

The issue of indigenous women is closely related to the issue of poverty. Women who inhabit rural areas in Indonesia cannot separate from the conditions of life that are poor and completely limited. This paper tries to reflect Karl Marx's thoughts about poverty and injustice that occur in a country because of a structured system. This paper uses a qualitative approach by presenting primary and secondary data. Primary data collection through interviews and field observations, while secondary data through reading readings of scientific studies results in journal articles, policy papers, and government agencies' data. The results of this paper presents: 1) The concept of Marx that poverty is the expression of structural poverty; 2) Poverty among indigenous Dayak Benawan women in rural West Kalimantan, Indonesia, is not only cultural but also structural poverty that expressed limited access to education, health, and a decent standard of quality life; 3)  From the era of classical philosophy to modern technology era today, the poverty that has occurred centuries ago today, indigenous women of Dayak Benawan in rural areas are still faced with.
INFLUENCE OF THE COPPER AND STEEL SURFACES’ ROUGHNESS ON SURFACE ENERGY AND WETTABILITY
Authors: Islamova Anastasia G. , FEOKTISTOV Dmitriy V. , ORLOVA Evgeniya G.
Published: April 2021

This article aims at solving the fundamental problem of thermal physics. This problem includes controlling small volumes of liquids on the heat exchange surfaces of special devices (for example, thermosyphons and heat pipes) working in a closed evaporative-condensation cycle. The authors analyze the effect of roughness on surface energy and wettability of different textures on typical heat exchange surfaces made of copper and steel prepared for operation by mechanical (abrasive) processing. Six textures were created on the copper and steel surfaces using a grinding and polishing machine. The roughness of the textures was evaluated based on the analysis of three-dimensional roughness characteristics (amplitude and hybrid). The surface wettability was studied on the experimental setup with the shadow method. The surface free energy of abrasively processed surfaces was determined by the Owens—Wendt—Rabel—Kaelble method. The results show the necessity of using at least one three-dimensional amplitude and hybrid characteristics to evaluate the textures. The authors have determined the conditions for the formation of Gaussian and sinusoidal textures. A significant increase in surface area is achieved when copper and steel are processed with the abrasive discs with an average grit size of up to 100 μm. This increase is up to 7% for copper and up to 2.7%. After abrasive processing of copper and steel surfaces, the proportion of the polar component in their total surface energy changes. This is a consequence of changes in dipole interactions and hydrogen bonds between atoms.
Diversidade genética entre acessos de maracujazeiros com base em descritores morfoagronômicos
Authors: Thalita Neves Marostega  , Severino de Paiva Sobrinho  , Petterson Baptista da Luz
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho teve como finalidade estimar a diversidade genética entre acessos de maracujazeiros conservados na coleção de trabalho da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, com base em descritores morfoagronômicos. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, quatro plantas por parcela. Foi gerada uma matriz de dissimilaridade fundamentada no complemento do coeficiente de coincidência simples. De acordo com os valores da matriz de dissimilaridade, os acessos Passiflora morifolia e Passiflora foetida foram os mais similares (dii’ 0,25), enquanto os acessos Passiflora quadrangularis e Passiflora suberosa foram os mais distantes (dii’ 0,88). Os acessos mais divergentes com base no método unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) foram P. foetida e Passiflora edulis, sendo ambos pertencentes a subgêneros distintos.
NANOARTE: CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA DOS MATERIAIS
Authors: Brendon Willian Guedes Barbosa1  , Luiz Fernando Vargas Malerba Fernandes  , Bianca Siqueira Martins Domingos  , Wellington de Oliveira  , Jorge Luiz Rosa  , Fernando Vernilli Júnior  , Rosinei Batista Ribeiro
Published: April 2021

Os objetivos principais são evidenciar a parceria e a interlocução entre as áreas de engenharia de materiais, design e comunicação social que foram possíveis por meio da colaboração entre o Centro Universitário Teresa D’Ávila (Unifatea) e a Escola de Engenharia de Lorena da Universidade de São Paulo (EEL-USP), no Departamento de Materiais, contribuir com a popularização da nanociência e da nanotecnologia e ajudar na evolução das pesquisas relacionadas às áreas envolvidas. A metodologia foi baseada em duas etapas: a obtenção de micrografias em escala nanométrica mediante o microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV), com uma amostra de óxido de alumínio e de terra de diatomáceas, e o processamento digital das micrografias com a utilização de softwares de edição de imagens. As micrografias obtidas via MEV assemelham-se a imagens do nosso cotidiano, ou até mesmo a paisagens encontradas na natureza, abrindo, dessa forma, espaço para reflexões acerca da vida e da ciência.
LEVANTAMENTO E ANÁLISE DE DADOS PARA CRIAÇÃO DE IDENTIDADE VISUAL DE MARCA DE MODA ATEMPORAL
Authors: Luana Graf Cypriano  , Elcio Ribeiro da Silva
Published: April 2021

Tendo em vista o impacto ambiental gerado pelas indústrias têxteis e o curto ciclo de vida dos produtos de moda provenientes principalmente do movimento fast fashion, este projeto surge com o objetivo de levantar informações a fim de desenvolver identidade visual para marca de moda sustentável, dedicada ao público adulto feminino, com uma narrativa estruturada com valor atemporal, slow fashion e baixo impacto ambiental. A metodologia utilizada para a coleta de dados é adaptada de Wheeler (2012) e desdobra-se em duas etapas: condução da pesquisa e esclarecimento da estratégia. Como principal resultado, espera-se que este artigo identifique informações relevantes para o desenvolvimento da identidade visual da marca.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO DESIGN DE INFORMAÇÃO PARA A DIVULGAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA: REFLEXÕES INICIAIS
Authors: Izabela S. Pinho  , Juliana Franco
Published: April 2021

A divulgação científica é responsável pela difusão do conhecimento científico na e para a sociedade. Seu papel é essencial para a democratização do conhecimento, a formação cidadã e a construção da opinião pública. Especificamente no Brasil, a divulgação científica ainda tem como objetivo o compartilhamento de saberes que promove a conexão entre a universidade e a sociedade, uma vez que grande parte da ciência realizada no país acontece nas instituições públicas de ensino superior. Nesse contexto, é fundamental haver um projeto que possibilite a compreensão da produção científica e apresente sua importância para a sociedade. O presente trabalho faz parte de uma pesquisa em andamento que visa compreender a importância do design e da comunicação visual para os processos de divulgação científica. Nossa hipótese é de que a junção do design aos pressupostos do Movimento Linguagem Clara (do inglês Plain Language) pode ser uma ferramenta poderosa em práticas de comunicação e organização que busquem facilitar a leitura e a compreensão de informações. Nesse sentido, o trabalho buscará explorar as possibilidades de contribuição de tal área do conhecimento para a divulgação científica, aliada às proposições da Linguagem Clara.
Assessment of Yemen’s macroeconomy performance during 2001-2015 using Kaldor’s magic square
Authors:   Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey, Özkaya Mehmet Hilmi , Alhuwesh Maeen ,   Department of Economics, Faculty Administrative Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
Published: April 2021

Assessing a certain country’s macro-economy performance faces innumerable challenges, of which the most important ones are running counter to the objectives of economic policy. Added to these challenges is the absence of a consensus among economists regarding the identification of variables, which can be taken for granted while assessing a country’s macro-economy performance? The present study aims at assessing Yemen’s macro-economy performance during the period 2001-2015 using the four economic variables (economic growth, unemployment, inflation, and current account) that constitute Kaldor’s Magic Square chart of 1971. To avoid challenges connected with variables’ measurement, the economic welfare indicator has been used. The findings show a drastic deterioration in the level of economic welfare during the period mentioned above, with an impressive decrease in the value of economic welfare from 0.36 in 2001 to zero in 2015 as the magic square scale showed. Assessing the economic performance during the period showed that the economic performance in 2001 was better than that of 2015, with a departure of Yemen’s economic performance from the performance of the wonderland economy. Hence, Yemen’s economy can be described as an ill-performance economy, basically due to the high averages of unemployment and inflation.
Manejo no tecnificado de cerdos (Sus scrofa) en las regiones Andina, Amazónica y Orinoquía de Colombia
Authors: Diaz-Rodríguez Gina J. , Jiménez Ramírez Juan Sebastián , Serrano Hernán , López-Arévalo Hugo Fernando , Sánchez-Palomino Pedro , Montenegro Olga L.
Published: April 2021

La industria porcina en Colombia ha crecido en los últimos años. Aunque parte de esta actividad se realiza en instalaciones tecnificadas, en varias regiones del país aún existen pequeños sistemas de producción artesanales, cuyas condiciones de manejo de los animales varían desde tenerlos confinados hasta completamente libres, con diferentes implicaciones sanitarias. Este estudio buscó identificar las formas no tecnificadas más comunes para la cría de cerdos en varias regiones de Colombia y explorar sus implicaciones. Se recolectaron datos de las sabanas inundables de la Orinoquía colombiana, la zona en erradicación de la peste porcina clásica y el departamento del Guaviare. La información fue recopilada mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a funcionarios públicos y pobladores locales involucrados en la cría de cerdos. El trabajo se realizó en agosto de 2017 y entre junio y octubre de 2019. En total, se recorrieron 8.486,4 km en 151 municipios del país, y se realizaron 262 entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se identificaron cuatro tipos de manejo para la cría de cerdos: en cochera, en encierro, cría libre y asilvestrada (sin manejo). Cada tipo de manejo refleja diferentes necesidades de cuidado, inversión económica, riesgo de escape o frecuencia de liberación de los cerdos, lo que facilita el asilvestramiento. Además, se obtuvo información sobre las condiciones sanitarias, la alimentación, la reproducción, la presencia institucional en cada municipio y la dificultad de los pequeños productores para el sacrificio y la comercialización.
A Framework for Criteria-Based Selection and Processing of Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources Data for Statistical Analysis: Design and Implementation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Gruendner Julian , Gulden Christian , Kampf Marvin , Mate Sebastian , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Zierk Jakob
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND

The harmonization and standardization of digital medical information for research purposes is a challenging and ongoing collaborative effort. Current research data repositories typically require extensive efforts in harmonizing and transforming original clinical data. The Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) format was designed primarily to represent clinical processes; therefore, it closely resembles the clinical data model and is more widely available across modern electronic health records. However, no common standardized data format is directly suitable for statistical analyses, and data need to be preprocessed before statistical analysis.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to elucidate how FHIR data can be queried directly with a preprocessing service and be used for statistical analyses.

METHODS

We propose that the binary JavaScript Object Notation format of the PostgreSQL (PSQL) open source database is suitable for not only storing FHIR data, but also extending it with preprocessing and filtering services, which directly transform data stored in FHIR format into prepared data subsets for statistical analysis. We specified an interface for this preprocessor, implemented and deployed it at University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, generated 3 sample data sets, and analyzed the available data.

RESULTS

We imported real-world patient data from 2016 to 2018 into a standard PSQL database, generating a dataset of approximately 35.5 million FHIR resources, including “Patient,” “Encounter,” “Condition” (diagnoses specified using International Classification of Diseases codes), “Procedure,” and “Observation” (laboratory test results). We then integrated the developed preprocessing service with the PSQL database and the locally installed web-based KETOS analysis platform. Advanced statistical analyses were feasible using the developed framework using 3 clinically relevant scenarios (data-driven establishment of hemoglobin reference intervals, assessment of anemia prevalence in patients with cancer, and investigation of the adverse effects of drugs).

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows how the standard open source database PSQL can be used to store FHIR data and be integrated with a specifically developed preprocessing and analysis framework. This enables dataset generation with advanced medical criteria and the integration of subsequent statistical analysis. The web-based preprocessing service can be deployed locally at the hospital level, protecting patients’ privacy while being integrated with existing open source data analysis tools currently being developed across Germany.