bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Host hydrocarbons protect symbiont transmission from a radical host defense
Authors: Ingham Chantal Selina , Engl Tobias , Matarrita-Carranza Bernal , Vogler Paul , Huettel Bruno , Wielsch Natalie , Svatoš Aleš , Kaltenpoth Martin
Published: July 2023

Symbioses with microbes play a pivotal role in the evolutionary success of insects, and can lead to intimate host–symbiont associations. However, how the host maintains a stable symbiosis with its beneficial partners while keeping antagonistic microbes in check remains incompletely understood. Here, we uncover a mechanism by which a host protects its symbiont from the host’s own broad-range antimicrobial defense during transmission. Beewolves, a group of solitary digger wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), provide their brood cells with symbiotic
Streptomyces
bacteria that are later transferred to the cocoon and protect the offspring from opportunistic pathogens by producing antibiotics. In the brood cell, however, the symbiont-containing secretion is exposed to a toxic burst of nitric oxide (NO) released by the beewolf egg, which effectively kills antagonistic microorganisms. How the symbiont survives this lethal NO burst remained unknown. Here, we report that upon NO exposure in vitro, the symbionts mount a global stress response, but this is insufficient to ensure survival at brood cell-level NO concentrations. Instead, in vivo bioassays demonstrate that the host’s antennal gland secretion (AGS) surrounding the symbionts in the brood cell provides an effective diffusion barrier against NO. This physicochemical protection can be reconstituted in vitro by beewolf hydrocarbon extracts and synthetic hydrocarbons, indicating that the host-derived long-chain alkenes and alkanes in the AGS are responsible for shielding the symbionts from NO. Our results reveal how host adaptations can protect a symbiont from host-generated oxidative and nitrosative stress during transmission, thereby efficiently balancing pathogen defense and mutualism maintenance.
Optical single-pixel volumetric imaging by three-dimensional light-field illumination
Authors: Liu Yifan , Yu Panpan , Wu Yijing , Zhuang Jinghan , Wang Ziqiang , Li Yinmei , Lai Puxiang , Liang Jinyang , Gong Lei
Published: July 2023

Three-dimensional single-pixel imaging (3D SPI) has become an attractive imaging modality for both biomedical research and optical sensing. 3D-SPI techniques generally depend on time-of-flight or stereovision principle to extract depth information from backscattered light. However, existing implementations for these two optical schemes are limited to surface mapping of 3D objects at depth resolutions, at best, at the millimeter level. Here, we report 3D light-field illumination single-pixel microscopy (3D-LFI-SPM) that enables volumetric imaging of microscopic objects with a near-diffraction-limit 3D optical resolution. Aimed at 3D space reconstruction, 3D-LFI-SPM optically samples the 3D Fourier spectrum by combining 3D structured light-field illumination with single-element intensity detection. We build a 3D-LFI-SPM prototype that provides an imaging volume of ∼390 × 390 × 3,800 μm
3
and achieves 2.7-μm lateral resolution and better than 37-μm axial resolution. Its capability of 3D visualization of label-free optical absorption contrast is demonstrated by imaging single algal cells in vivo. Our approach opens broad perspectives for 3D SPI with potential applications in various fields, such as biomedical functional imaging.
Disulfiram blocks inflammatory TLR4 signaling by targeting MD-2
Authors: Bai Yang , Min Rui , Chen Pengcheng , Mei Shenglin , Deng Fan , Zheng Zengzhang , Jiang Cong , Miao Rui , Wu Zeyu , Zhang Peng , Pan Youdong , Lieberman Judy , Liu Xing
Published: July 2023

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) sensing of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the most potent pathogen-associated molecular pattern of gram-negative bacteria, activates NF-κB and Irf3, which induces inflammatory cytokines and interferons that trigger an intense inflammatory response, which is critical for host defense but can also cause serious inflammatory pathology, including sepsis. Although TLR4 inhibition is an attractive therapeutic approach for suppressing overexuberant inflammatory signaling, previously identified TLR4 antagonists have not shown any clinical benefit. Here, we identify disulfiram (DSF), an FDA-approved drug for alcoholism, as a specific inhibitor of TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling. TLR4 cell surface expression, LPS sensing, dimerization and signaling depend on TLR4 binding to MD-2. DSF and other cysteine-reactive drugs, previously shown to block LPS-triggered inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis), inhibit TLR4 signaling by covalently modifying Cys133 of MD-2, a key conserved residue that mediates TLR4 sensing and signaling. DSF blocks LPS-triggered inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, and interferon production by macrophages in vitro. In the aggressive N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in which TLR4 plays an important role, DSF markedly suppresses neuroinflammation and dopaminergic neuron loss, and restores motor function. Our findings identify a role for DSF in curbing TLR4-mediated inflammation and suggest that DSF and other drugs that target MD-2 might be useful for treating PD and other diseases in which inflammation contributes importantly to pathogenesis.
Toxic antiphage defense proteins inhibited by intragenic antitoxin proteins
Authors: Zhong Aoshu , Jiang Xiaofang , Hickman Alison B. , Klier Katherine , Teodoro Gabriella I. C. , Dyda Fred , Laub Michael T. , Storz Gisela
Published: July 2023

Recombination-promoting nuclease (Rpn) proteins are broadly distributed across bacterial phyla, yet their functions remain unclear. Here, we report that these proteins are toxin–antitoxin systems, comprised of genes-within-genes, that combat phage infection. We show the small, highly variable Rpn
C
-terminal domains (Rpn
S
), which are translated separately from the full-length proteins (Rpn
L
), directly block the activities of the toxic Rpn
L
. The crystal structure of RpnA
S
revealed a dimerization interface encompassing α helix that can have four amino acid repeats whose number varies widely among strains of the same species. Consistent with strong selection for the variation, we document that plasmid-encoded RpnP2
L
protects
Escherichia coli
against certain phages. We propose that many more intragenic-encoded proteins that serve regulatory roles remain to be discovered in all organisms.
Volumetric morphometry reveals spindle width as the best predictor of mammalian spindle scaling
Authors: Kletter Tobias , Reusch Sebastian , Cavazza Tommaso , Dempewolf Nils , Tischer Christian , Reber Simone
Published: July 2023

The function of cellular structures at the mesoscale is dependent on their geometry and proportionality to cell size. The mitotic spindle is a good example why length and shape of intracellular organelles matter. Spindle length determines the distance over which chromosomes will segregate, and spindle shape ensures bipolarity. While we still lack a systematic and quantitative understanding of subcellular morphology, new imaging techniques and volumetric data analysis promise novel insights into scaling relations across different species. Here, we introduce Spindle3D, an open-source plug-in that allows for the quantitative, consistent, and automated analysis of 3D fluorescent data of spindles and chromatin. We systematically analyze different mammalian cell types, including somatic cells, stem cells, and one- and two-cell embryos, to derive volumetric relations of spindle, chromatin, and the cell. Taken together, our data indicate that mitotic spindle width is a robust indicator of spindle volume, which correlates linearly with chromatin and cell volume both within single cell types and across mammalian species.
Single-operator left atrial appendage occlusion utilizing conscious sedation, transoesophageal echocardiography, lack of outpatient pre-imaging, and same-day expedited discharge: a feasibility case series
Authors: Golzarian Hafez , Pasley Benjamin A , Shah Sidra R , Thiel Arielle M , Hempfling Gerri L , Otto Michael , Otto Todd , Patel Sandeep M
Published: July 2023

Background

Contemporary procedural guidelines for percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusions (LAAO) with the WATCHMAN device often require the utilization of pre-screening imaging, general anaesthesia, intubation, a dedicated intra-procedural echocardiographer, and overnight observation. For these reasons, LAAO with the WATCHMAN is not economically feasible for many hospital systems. Thus, we sought to evaluate a newstrategy for implantation that may provide a more minimalistic and less cumbersome approach to LAAO.

Case summary

We describe five cases utilizing single-operator left atrial appendage occlusion utilizing conscious sedation, transoesophageal echocardiography, lack of outpatient pre-imaging, and same-day expedited discharge (SOLO-CLOSE)—a novel single-operator procedural strategy for LAAO that safely foregoes the aforementioned procedural requirements and allows for same-day early discharge. All five patients were observed according to our newly devised SOLO-CLOSE protocol and were safely discharged home the same day. Follow-up transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) at 45 days and 1 year revealed well-seated and well-anchored devices with no leaks (<5 mm) or device-related thrombi.

Discussion

The SOLO-CLOSE series is the first ever documented WATCHMAN strategy that utilizes a single-operator, TEE-guided, nurse-driven conscious sedation protocol that defers pre-screening imaging and allows for same-day discharge. The versatility of this technique allows proceduralists to comfortably achieve successful LAAO despite a wide range of risk profiles. This single-operator technique has potential to become a widely accepted universal approach for non-pharmacological cardioembolic stroke prophylaxis due to its efficacy, safety, simplicity, and presumable cost-effectiveness.
The built environment and cardiovascular disease: an umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Mingwei , Meijer Paul , Lam Thao Minh , Timmermans Erik J , Grobbee Diederick E , Beulens Joline W J , Vaartjes Ilonca , Lakerveld Jeroen
Published: July 2023

Aims

To provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on objectively measured neighbourhood built environment exposures in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in adults.

Methods and results

We searched seven databases for systematic reviews on associations between objectively measured long-term built environmental exposures, covering at least one domain (i.e. outdoor air pollution, food environment, physical activity environment like greenspace and walkability, urbanization, light pollution, residential noise, and ambient temperature), and CVD events in adults. Two authors extracted summary data and assessed the risk of bias independently. Robustness of evidence was rated based on statistical heterogeneity, small-study effect, and excess significance bias. Meta-meta-analyses were conducted to combine the meta-analysis results from reviews with comparable exposure and outcome within each domain. From the 3304 initial hits, 51 systematic reviews were included, covering 5 domains and including 179 pooled estimates. There was strong evidence of the associations between increased air pollutants (especially PM2.5 exposure) and increased residential noise with greater risk of CVD. Highly suggestive evidence was found for an association between increased ambient temperature and greater risk of CVD. Systematic reviews on physical activity environment, food environment, light pollution, and urbanization in relation to CVD were scarce or lacking.

Conclusion

Air pollutants, increased noise levels, temperature, and greenspace were associated with CVD outcomes. Standardizing design and exposure assessments may foster the synthesis of evidence. Other crucial research gaps concern the lack of prospective study designs and lack of evidence from low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs).

Registration

PROSPERO: CRD42021246580
Association of Hyperlipidemia With Perioperative Complications in Posterior Cervical Spine Fusion
Authors: Okada Rintaro , Son Seung Min , Fresquez Zoe , Formanek Blake , Mertz Kevin , Buser Zorica , Wang Jeffrey C.
Published: July 2023

Study Design:

A retrospective database study.

Objectives:

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the impact of hyperlipidemia (HLD) on the incidence of perioperative complications associated with posterior cervical spine fusion (PCF).

Background:

HLD is a very common disease that leads to atherosclerosis. Therefore, it can cause fatal diseases as well as lifestyle-related diseases. The possible impact of HLD on outcomes after PCF has not yet been investigated.

Methods:

Patients with cervical degeneration underwent initial PCF from 2010 through the third quarter of 2020 using the MSpine subset of the PearlDiver Patient Record Database. The incidence of perioperative complications was queried using relevant ICD-9, 10, and CPT codes. χ2 analysis was performed in age-, sex-, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)-matched populations to compare between non-HLD and HLD patients in each single-level and multilevel PCF.

Results:

Through propensity score matching, 1600 patients each in the HLD and non-HLD groups were analyzed in the single-level PCF, 6855 patients were analyzed in the multilevel PCF were analyzed. The comorbidity of HLD significantly decreased the incidence of respiratory failure in single-level PCF (OR=0.58, P<0.01). In the multilevel PCF, the presence of HLD increased the incidence of cervicalgia (OR=1.26, P=0.030). On the contrary, the incident of spinal cord injury (OR=0.72, P<0.01), dysphagia (OR=0.81, P=0.023), respiratory failure (OR=0.85, P=0.030), pneumonia (OR=0.70, P=0.045), neurological bladder (OR=0.84, P=0.041), and urinary tract infection (OR=0.85, P=0.021) in the HLD group were significantly lower than those in non-HLD group.

Conclusions:

In the current study, the presence of HLD significantly increased the incidence of postoperative cervicalgia in multilevel PCF. On the other hand, the incidence of some complications was significantly decreased with HLD. Further studies are needed taking into account other factors such as the treatment of HLD, its efficacy, and intraoperative events.

Level of Evidence:

Level III.
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus With Dacryoadenitis Complicated by Recurrent Orbital Inflammation
Authors: Dossantos Jason , Goldstein Scott M.
Published: July 2023

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus represents a zoster infection in the first division of the trigeminal nerve and has potentially serious complications involving the ocular and orbital structures. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus occurs in approximately 10% to 20% of individuals with herpes zoster and can lead to significant morbidity, particularly in patients with multiple comorbidities. The authors present a case of herpes zoster ophthalmicus along with dacryoadenitis in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis who was misdiagnosed, had delayed treatment, and experienced recurrence with orbital symptoms during follow up. Prompt recognition, initiation of therapy and careful monitoring and follow up are important for treating herpes zoster ophthalmicus and preventing recurrence and long-term sequelae.
Streptomyces meridianus sp. nov. isolated from brackish water of the Tagus estuary in Alcochete, Portugal
Authors: Santos José Diogo Neves dos , Klimek Dominika , Calusinska Magdalena , Lobo-da-Cunha Alexandre , Catita José , Gonçalves Hugo , González Ignacio , Reyes Fernando , Lage Olga Maria
Published: July 2023

An isolation effort focused on sporogenous

Actinomycetota

from the Tagus estuary in Alcochete, Portugal, yielded a novel actinomycetal strain, designated MTZ3.1T, which was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. MTZ3.1T is characterised by morphology typical of members of the genus

Streptomyces

, with light beige coloured substrate mycelium, which does not release pigments to the culture medium and with helicoidal aerial hyphae that differentiate into spores with a light-grey colour. The phylogeny of MTZ3.1T, based on the full 16S rRNA gene sequence, indicated that its closest relatives were

Streptomyces alkaliterrae

OF1T (98.48 %),

Streptomyces chumphonensis

KK1-2T (98.41 %),

Streptomyces albofaciens

JCM 4342T (98.34 %), Streoptomyces paromomycinus NBRC 15454T (98.34 %) and

Streptomyces chrestomyceticus

NRBC 13444T (98.34 %). Moreover, average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridisation (dDDH) are below the species cutoff values (ANI 67.70 and 68.35 %, AAI 77.06 and 76.71 % and dDDH 22.10 and 21.50 % for

S. alkaliterrae

OF1T and

S. chumphonensis

KK1-2T, respectively). Whole genome sequencing revealed that MTZ3.1T has a genome of 5 644 485 bp with a DNA G+C content of 71.29 mol% and 5044 coding sequences. Physiologically, MTZ3.1T is strictly aerobic, able to grow at 15–37 °C, optimally at 25 °C and between pH5 and 8 and showed high salinity tolerance, growing with 0–10 %(w/v) NaCl. Major cellular fatty acids are C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. Furthermore, it was able to utilise a variety of nitrogen and carbon sources. Antimicrobial screening indicated that MTZ3.1T has potent anti-

Staphylococcus aureus

activity. On the basis of the polyphasic data, MTZ3.1T is proposed to represent a novel species, Streptomyces meridianus sp. nov. (= CECT 30416T = DSM 114037T=LMG 32463T).
Aortic stenosis is independently associated with male gender, obesity renal failure, COPD, Caucasians and numerous inflammatory diseases in addition to known cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Movahed Mohammad Reza , Timmerman Brandon , Hashemzadeh Mehrtash
Published: July 2023

Background

Aortic valve stenosis is associated with age, rheumatic fever, and bicuspid aortic valve but its association with other comorbidities such as inflammatory disease and race is less known. The purpose of this study was to investigate any association between aortic stenosis and many comorbidities.

Method

We utilized the large Nationwide Inpatient Sample database to evaluate any association between aortic stenosis and risk factors. We performed uni- and multivariate analyses adjusting for comorbid conditions.

Results

Data were extracted from the first available database that used ICD-10 codes specifically coding for aortic stenosis alone, spanning from 2016 to 2020. Data included 112,982,565 patients. A total of 2,322,649 had aortic stenosis, with the remaining 110,659,916 patients serving as controls. We found a strong and independent significant association between aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease (OR: 2.11, CI 2.09 - 2.13, P < 0.001), smoking (OR: 1.08, CI 1.07 - 1.08, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.15, CI 1.14 - 1.16, P < 0.001), hypertension (OR: 1.41, CI 1.4 - 1.43, P < 0.001), hyperlipidemia (OR: 1.31, CI 1.3 - 1.32, P < 0.001), renal disease (OR: 1.3, CI 1.29 - 1.31, P < 0.001), chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) (OR: 1.05, CI 1.04 - 1.05, P < 0.001), obesity (OR: 1.3, CI 1.29 -1.32, P < 0.001), rheumatoid arthritis (OR: 1.13, CI 1.11 - 1.15, P <0.001), scleroderma (OR: 1.93, CI 1.79 - 2.09, P <0.001), systemic connective tissue disease (OR: 1.24, CI 1.2 - 1.27, P <0.001), polyarteritis nodosa (OR: 1.5, CI 1.24 -1.81, P <0.001), and Raynauds syndrome (OR: 1.16, CI 1.09 - 1.24, P <0.001), in addition to known factors such as age, male gender and bicuspid aortic valve.

Conclusion

Using a very large database, we found many new associations for presence of aortic valve stenosis including race, renal disease, several inflammatory diseases, COPD, and obesity in addition to many other known cardiovascular risk factors.
Examining the transition to adulthood in autism spectrum disorder: examining the perspectives of autistic individuals, caregivers and service providers
Authors: Nicholas David B. , Jubenville-Wood Theresa , Zulla Rosslynn T. , Lowe Katelyn , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine how the search for transitional services has been characterized as a challenging experience for autistic youth and their families. Transitional services are reported to be inconsistent and do not address the range of needs that autistic individuals have.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, qualitative interviews were conducted with autistic individuals (n = 31), their parents/caregivers (n = 23) and transition-based service providers (n = 10).

Findings

Findings invite capacity building across sectors, including working with both the autistic individual and their caregiver, and ensuring targeted services commensurate with individual needs related to autism and ancillary challenges. Implications and recommendations for service and system advancement are offered.

Practical implications

Current services were reportedly insufficient in meeting the needs of autistic individuals as they transitioned into adulthood. Service areas needing to be bolstered include daily life, community engagement and employment. Capacity building and enhanced training are required. Information and communication strategies require advancement.

Social implications

A more responsive system is required, which involves support from many societal sectors (e.g. health, mental health, advanced education, social services, industry, housing and justice) over the lifespan. Policy adjustments and organizational mandates need to be reviewed to better consider the needs of transitioning autistic youth and allocate resources accordingly. Partnerships across stakeholder groups are needed.

Originality/value

This study provides details on a known but not well understood issue of transition to adulthood for autistic adults. This study is unique in providing first-hand data from transitioning autistic adults, with corroborating data from families and service providers.
Time to look forward: advocating future orientation in business network research
Authors: Halinen Aino , Nordberg-Davies Sini , Möller Kristian
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Future is rarely explicitly addressed or problematized in business network research. This study aims to examine the possibilities of developing a business actor’s future orientation to network studies and imports ideas and concepts from futures research to support the development.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is conceptual and interdisciplinary. The authors critically analyze how extant studies grounded in the sensemaking view and process research approach integrate future time and how theoretical myopia hinders the adoption of a future orientation.

Findings

The prevailing future perspective is restricted to managers’ perceptions and actions at present, ignoring the anticipation and exploration of alternative longer-term futures. Future time is generally conceived as embedded in managers’ cognitive processes or is seen as part of the ongoing interaction, where the time horizon to the future is not noticed or is at best short.

Research limitations/implications

To enable a forward-looking perspective, researchers should move the focus from expectation building in business interaction to purposeful preparation of alternative future(s) and from the view of seeing future as enacted in the present to envisioning of both near-term and more distant futures.

Practical implications

This study addresses the growing need of business actors to anticipate future developments in the rapidly changing market conditions and to innovate and change business practices to save the planet for future generations.

Originality/value

This study elaborates on actors’ future orientation to business markets and networks, proposes the integration of network research concepts with concepts from futures studies and poses new types of research questions for future research.
Reflectance confocal microscopy as a non‐invasive imaging tool in vulvar high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and lichen sclerosus: A descriptive morphological study in patients and healthy volunteers
Authors: Huisman Bertine W. , Pagan Lisa , Ulrich Martina , Rissmann Robert , Damman Jeffrey , Piek Jurgen M. J. , Niemeyer‐van der Kolk Tessa , van Poelgeest Mariette I. E.
Published: July 2023

Incorrect and delayed diagnosis of vulvar high‐grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (vHSIL) and lichen sclerosus (LS) increases malignant progression risks and negatively impacts prognosis and quality of life. There is a need to improve diagnosis and monitoring. Reflectance confocal microscopy is a non‐invasive imaging tool that visualizes skin structures at cellular resolution. The objectives were to explore feasibility and patient acceptability of vulvar RCM imaging and to identify RCM characteristics that are discriminative for vulvar HSIL and LS. This was a prospective, cross‐sectional, observational clinical trial in patients with vHSIL and LS compared to healthy volunteers. RCM images and vulvar tissue samples were obtained. Five (5) patients with vHSIL, 10 patients with LS and 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled. In total, 100 image series of vulvar skin were obtained, including lesional and nonlesional sites. The RCM technique was considered acceptable for application by patients and healthy controls. Healthy vulvar skin was characterized by a homogenous, normal honeycomb patterned epidermis and a clear epidermal‐dermal junctions. Vulvar HSIL and LS displayed an atypical honeycomb pattern of the epidermis and lymphocytic influx with presence of melanophages. Distinct features specifically observed in LS included the presence of hyalinised vessels and sclerotic areas in the dermis. RCM is a non‐invasive imaging technique that is feasible and clinically acceptable to apply on vulvar skin, both in patients with premalignant lesions and healthy controls. Recognition and validation of disease‐specific characteristics could make reflectance confocal microscopy a clinical tool to non‐invasively aid identification of vulvar premalignancies.
Teaching relationship science: Continuity and change in the craft
Authors: Verette‐Lindenbaum Julie , Bartolic Silvia K. , Miller Rowland S.
Published: July 2023

Relationship science is a dynamic, flourishing enterprise, with numerous discoveries and new lines of inquiry evident in recent changes in its textbooks and the teaching activities invented by its instructors. To survey changes and challenges in the teaching of courses that introduce students to relationship science—and to pursue “news instructors can use”—we surveyed 135 instructors of relationships courses regarding their teaching tactics and experiences. Guided by their responses and suggestions for further inquiry, we also examined the changes in textbooks on which they rely and reviewed teaching activities created to assist them with their teaching over the last 20 years. At present, some topics are nearly universal components of relationships courses but idiosyncrasy exists, particularly with regard to new topics—such as coverage of technology, intersectionality, or consensual nonmonogamy—that instructors plan to include in revisions of their courses. Suggestions for both new and experienced instructors are provided.
Treatment alternatives for the rehabilitation of the posterior edentulous maxilla
Authors: Avila‐Ortiz Gustavo , Vegh Dániel , Mukaddam Khaled , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Pjetursson Bjarni , Payer Michael
Published: July 2023

Rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla with implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses can represent a significant clinical challenge due to limited bone availability and surgical access, among other factors. This review addresses several treatment options to replace missing teeth in posterior maxillary segments, namely the placement of standard implants in conjunction with maxillary sinus floor augmentation, short implants, tilted implants, and distal cantilever extensions. Pertinent technical information and a concise summary of relevant evidence on the reported outcomes of these different therapeutic approaches are presented, along with a set of clinical guidelines to facilitate decision‐making processes and optimize the outcomes of therapy.
Intangible capital and productivity divergence
Authors: Mouel Marie Le , Schiersch Alexander
Published: July 2023

Understanding the causes of the slowdown in aggregate productivity growth is key to maintaining the competitiveness of advanced economies and ensuring long‐term economic prosperity. This paper provides evidence that investment in intangible capital, despite having a positive effect on productivity at the micro level, is a driver of the weak productivity performance at the aggregate level as it amplifies the divergence between a group of “frontier” firms and the rest of the economy. Using firm‐level data, we find that the effect of intangible capital on productivity is heterogeneous across firms within industries. Documenting the existence of divergence in productivity growth between top intangible users and the rest of firms at the industry level, we find that industries where this gap is larger are also those industries where the heterogeneity in the effect of intangible capital is highest and where average productivity growth was lower. Thus, the evidence supports the view that the use of intangible capital plays a role in explaining weak aggregate productivity growth, by intensifying differences between firms.
Sensitivity of a Hymenoptera serological immunoglobulin (Ig)E assay for the diagnosis of venom hypersensitivity in dogs
Authors: Chan Hilary H. , Burrows Amanda K. , Hosgood Giselle , Ghubash Rudayna
Published: July 2023

Background

Hymenoptera envenomation with honey bee (Apis mellifera) and paper wasp (Polistes spp.) may cause life‐threatening anaphylaxis in dogs. In human patients, clinical history, intradermal testing (IDT) and measurement of allergen‐specific serological immunoglobulin (Ig)E (sIgE) are used to support a diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom hypersensitivity. The utility of venom allergen‐specific sIgE has not yet been evaluated for this purpose in dogs.

Objectives

The objective of the study was to investigate the sensitivity (sn), specificity (sp) and positive predictive value (PPV) of honey bee and paper wasp serological titres using a commercially available sIgE assay [VARL (Veterinary Allergen Reference Laboratory) Liquid Gold] against clinical history for a diagnosis of Hymenoptera hypersensitivity in dogs.

Materials and Methods

Honeybee and paper wasp IgE serum titres were measured in 15 client‐owned dogs with a diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom hypersensitivity based on a history of anaphylaxis, owner observation of Hymenoptera, and positive IDT to bee and/or wasp; and in 10 client‐owned dogs with no known history of anaphylaxis or Hymenoptera exposure and a negative IDT to bee and wasp.

Results

Analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrate that a VARL score cut‐off of one of six for honeybee yields Sn, Sp and PPV of 40%, 60% and 60%, respectively, and two of six for wasp yields Sn, Sp and PPV of 25%, 78% and 60%, respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Owing to the poor sensitivity and PPV of sIgE assays for both bee and wasp hypersensitivity in dogs with known envenomation and anaphylaxis, the use of sIgE cannot be recommended as a tool for venom identification.
Effects of Resistance Training of Upper Limb and Trunk Muscles on Soccer Instep Kick Kinematics
Authors: de Assis Miguel Arcanjo , Santos Thiago Ribeiro Teles , Fonseca Sergio Teixeira , de Andrade André Gustavo Pereira , Araújo Priscila Albuquerque , de Souza Thales Rezende , Resende Renan Alves , Ocarino Juliana Melo
Published: July 2023

The upper body and trunk muscles are crucial to perform soccer kicks. Resistance training targeting these muscles may modify the pattern adopted during kicking. This study aimed to investigate the effect of resistance training of the arm and anterior trunk muscles on instep kicking kinematics. Twenty-six male participants were randomly allocated into a training group or control group. The training group underwent resistance training of arm and trunk muscles and practiced the instep kick for 8 weeks. The control group only practiced kicking during the same period. The trunk, hip, and knee kinematics were assessed during the instep kick before and after the intervention. Kinematics were analyzed according to their data distribution with statistical parametric or nonparametric mapping. The effect of the training on the 1-repetition maximum test was analyzed using a repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance. The training group showed greater hip extension after the training during the backswing phase (Hedge g effect size of 0.316–0.321) and increased 1-repetition maximum for all exercises. There were no other differences. The present study documented the nonlocal effect of strengthening training in which arm and trunk muscle training resulted in changes in hip kinematics during the backswing phase of the instep kick.
A late Mesozoic Cu mineralizing event in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, NE China: Implications from geology and geochronology of the newly discovered Zhalageamu deposit
Authors: Zhao Qingqing , Zhai Degao , Williams-Jones Anthony E. , Wang Jianping , Liu Jiajun
Published: July 2023

The eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in NE China is one of the world’s well-known Ag-Pb-Zn-Mo metallogenic provinces, and the late Mesozoic magmas have been considered to supply dominant metals for mineralization. However, Cu mineralization in this belt is relatively rare. The Zhalageamu deposit is a newly discovered copper deposit in this region and could be applied to address the issue of whether the regional late Mesozoic magmatism could have triggered the formation of large Cu deposits. The quartz diorite and granite porphyry in Zhalageamu returned laser ablation−inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometric (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb ages of 267.1 ± 2.0 Ma and 255.6 ± 2.2 Ma, respectively. Molybdenite coexisting with chalcopyrite yielded an isotope dilution−negative−thermal ionization mass spectrometric Re-Os age of 141.8 ± 0.8 Ma. This age is almost identical to that of the coexisting arsenopyrite within the analytical uncertainty, which yielded an Re-Os isochron age of 140.7 ± 5.9 Ma. The above ages constrain the timing of Cu mineralization to the late Mesozoic. The fact that the Cu mineralization is >110 m.y. younger than its igneous host rocks precludes a genetic link between them. Instead, the Cu mineralization age indicates that a possible hidden late Mesozoic intrusion likely contributed Cu mineralization. The age of the Zhalageamu deposit is similar to that of the late Mesozoic magmatic-hydrothermal Ag-Pb-Zn-Fe-Sn mineralizing event (140−120 Ma) in NE China. This suggests that the Zhalageamu Cu mineralization was part of this event and implies the broader existence of a late Mesozoic magmatic-hydrothermal Cu mineralizing event in NE China, a discovery that would be of great significance for further Cu exploration.
Supplemental Material: Fluvial response to Late Pleistocene–Holocene climate change in the Colorado River drainage, central Texas, USA
Authors: Gutierrez E. Gabriela , Stockli Daniel F.
Published: July 2023

Detailed provenance, LA-ICP-MS and geomorphic methodologies, U-Pb data tables, and supplemental figures.  
Active feeding of anadromous white-spotted char Salvelinus leucomaenis at the southern latitudinal rivers
Authors: Goto Akihiko , Kuroki Mari , Morita Kentaro
Published: July 2023

Although starvation poses a serious risk of death, it is a common phenomenon among anadromous salmonids that fast after returning to the river following oceanic feeding migration. To address the effects of geographic environmental factors on their feeding, we examined the river feeding patterns and condition of sea-run migrants of white-spotted char ( Salvelinus leucomaenis) in rivers with latitudinal variation from 38°N to 46°N along the Sea of Japan. The river feeding patterns showed a significant latitudinal trend: char were observed to feed at lower latitudes and fast at higher latitudes. In contrast, the condition factor did not exhibit any latitudinal trends. These findings suggest that the environmental conditions encountered by individuals prior to and after river entry may influence their river feeding. Active feeding by the southern sea-run migrant char may be an adaptive strategy to maintain their body condition in response to the local conditions. This study highlights the importance of rivers not only as spawning and growth habitats for juveniles, but also as feeding habitats for certain anadromous salmonids.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INNOVATION ACTIVITY AND CUSTOMER COLLABORATION IN SMEs: TECHNOLOGICAL AND BUSINESS UNCERTAINTY
Authors: MINAMI YUJI , SATO HIDENORI , ICHIKOHJI TAKEYASU
Published: July 2023

The environment surrounding small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has changed dramatically due to rapid technological advances and the global and domestic impacts of pandemics and regional conflicts. This study identifies the relationship between customer collaboration and innovation activity under this environment. Our hypothetical model is based on relational view and analyses the relationship between customer collaboration, technological and business uncertainty, and innovation activity, which is divided into incremental/radical goods and services. We conduct a survey of Japanese SMEs (suppliers) in industrial markets. The results of our analysis using structural equation modelling highlight that customer collaboration is overall positively associated with SME innovation activity. Further, different types of uncertainty may affect customer collaboration and innovation activities differently. In sum, this study interprets the relationship between customer collaboration and innovation activities using the theoretical framework of relational view and provides insights into the possible impact of environmental uncertainties on this relationship.
Clival Defect Resulting in Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Aljawi Maryam , Shkoukani Mahdi
Published: July 2023

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea develops in patients without any history of trauma. Multiple factors have been theoretically debated. Also, localizing the defect may result in a challenge for the rhinologist. The common locations are the cribriform plate and the lateral recess of the sphenoid. Clival CSF rhinorrhea is rare, and only few cases have been reported so far. A 52-year-old female presented to the otolaryngology clinic with 7 years of history of left-side clear fluid rhinorrhea as a drop, which progressed to be runnier after she had pneumonia with severe cough secondary to COVID-19 infection. CSF was confirmed by a beta-2-transferrin test. During the perioperative evaluation, she developed meningitis which was treated with IV ceftriaxone and IV vancomycin antibiotics. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT) scan showed clival defect with pseudomeningocele which was initially not easy to see on CT. The patient underwent an endoscopic approach to the skull base to repair the defect with a pedicled septal flap. Also, a lumbar drain with intrathecal fluorescein administration was utilized. The postoperative course was uneventful without any complications. There was no evidence of recurrence with a 9-month follow-up postoperatively.
Bioactive Ingredients in Traditional Fermented Food Condiments: Emerging Products for Prevention and Treatment of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Laya Alphonse , Wangso Honoré , Fernandes Iva , Djakba Raphaël , Oliveira Joana , Carvalho Eugenia
Published: July 2023

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are severe metabolic diseases due to inappropriate lifestyle and genetic factors and their prevention/treatment cause serious problems. Therefore, searching for effective and safe approaches to control obesity and T2D is an essential challenge. This study presents the knowledge regarding the possible use of traditional fermented condiments (TFC), a known major source of bioactive compounds (BACs), as an adjuvant treatment for obesity and T2D. Data on antiobesity, antidiabetic, and different mechanisms of BACs action of TFC were collected using a methodical search in PubMed, Scopus databases, Web of Science, SciELO, and the Cochrane Library. We discuss the mechanisms by which BCs prevent or treat obesity and T2D. The effects of TFC on obesity and T2D have been found both in animal, human, and clinical studies. The findings demonstrated that BACs in TFC confer potential promising antiobesity and antidiabetic effects. Because of the potential therapeutic significance of bioactive ingredients, the consumption of TFC could be recommended as a functional condiment. Nevertheless, further investigation is required in more clinical studies of TFC to support the formulation of functional fermented condiments and nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
FIGURE 4 from Clinically Defined Mutations in MEN1 Alter Its Tumor-suppressive Function Through Increased Menin Turnover
Authors: Duan Suzann , Sheriff Sulaiman , Elvis-Offiah Uloma B. , Witten Brandon L. , Sawyer Travis W. , Sundaresan Sinju , Cierpicki Tomasz , Grembecka Jolanta , Merchant Juanita L.
Published: July 2023

Differential expression of menin mutants is conserved in gastrin-expressing tumor cell lines. A, Western blot analysis of endogenous menin protein expression in MEFΔMen1, MEF wild-type, AGS, MKN-45G, KATO III, BON-1, and GLUTag cell lines. B, Western blot analysis of menin and FLAG expression in whole-cell extracts from AGS, MKN-45G, and GLUTag cells following overexpression of empty vector (pcDNA, lane 2), wild-type menin (lane 3), and the three mutated menin proteins (lanes 4–6). Untransfected cells (UT) are shown in lane 1. C, Western blot analysis of FLAG expression in nuclear and cytoplasmic protein extracts in AGS, MKN-45G, and GLUTag cells. Nuclear fractions are shown in lanes 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 while cytoplasmic fractions are shown in lanes 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Histone H3 and β-tubulin were used as loading control markers for nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions, respectively. D, Quantitation of FLAG protein band intensity in nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments normalized to respective loading controls. n = 3 experimental replicates; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001 by two-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test; mean ± SEM. E, Immunofluorescent images of FLAG-stained AGS and MKN-45G with FLAG-Menin shown in white. Scale bar = 10 μm. Quantitation of FLAG expression in nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments expressed as a percentage of positively transfected AGS (F), MKN-45G (G), and GLUTag (H) cells. Ten images taken at 200X magnification were counted across n = 3 experiments for a total of 30 images per group; *, P < 0.05 by two-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test; mean ± SEM. Relative menin mRNA expression in AGS (I), MKN-45G (J), and GLUTag (K) cells 48 hours following overexpression of menin plasmid constructs. WT, wild-type.
Phonological Awareness and Rapid Automatized Naming: The Mediating Effect of Word Reading and Spelling in Children with Developmental Dyslexia, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Mild Intellectual Disability
Authors: Alhwaiti Mohammed Methry
Published: July 2023

Introduction: In learning to read, children learn to integrate orthographic, phonological, and semantic codes into highly specified and redundant lexical representations. The aim is to test a proposed model for the relationship between phonological awareness (PA) and rapid automatized naming (RAN) as mediated by word reading (WR) and spelling (SP) in children with developmental dyslexia (DD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and mild intellectual disability (ID). Methods: The relation between PA and RAN was found to be mediated by WR and SP in children with DD, ADHD, and mild ID. Three groups of children were included: DD children (N = 70), ADHD children (N = 68), and ID children (N = 69). This is a quantitative correlational, cross-sectional study investigating the strength and direction of relationships among proposed variables. Results: The relation between PA and RAN was found to be mediated by WR and SP. Based on their correlation analysis, the researcher concluded that there are significant correlations between PA, RAN, WR, and SP. PA correlates positively with RAN and SP. RAN correlates positively with WR and SP. Conclusion: The study extended our knowledge of the relationship between PA and RAN as mediated by WR and SP in children with DD, ADHD, and mild ID. In practice, this is conducive to promote the utilization of “PA” and “RAN” so as to improve the early literacy skills (WR and SP) among children with DD, ADHD, and mild ID.
Effects of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Serum Levels on Vascular Dementia: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Cong Ruyi , Chen Yongbo , Li Xiaoliang , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Guohua , Pang Xiuyu , Xing Weijia , Wang Youxin , Xu Xizhu
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Several observational studies have indicated that polyunsaturated fatty acid serum levels (PUFAs) are associated with vascular dementia (VaD), but their causal relationships remain elusive. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate the causal effect of PUFAs on VaD in a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by using summary statistics from aggregated genome-wide association studies. Methods: The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was performed as the primary analysis. Sensitivity analyses (MR‐Egger regression, weighted median, penalized weighted median, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier methods) were also implemented to estimate the effects of potential violations of MR hypotheses. Results: No causality was found for PUFAs (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.91–1.42; p = 0.25) on VaD in the IVW model. The results were consistent in sensitivity analyses. There was no notable horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity. Conclusion: In this two-sample MR analysis, our findings did not support the assumption that PUFAs play causal role in the occurrence or development of VaD.
Speech Segmentation and Cross-Situational Word Learning in Parallel
Authors: Dal Ben Rodrigo , Prequero Isabella Toselli , Souza Débora de Hollanda , Hay Jessica F.
Published: July 2023

Language learners track conditional probabilities to find words in continuous speech and to map words and objects across ambiguous contexts. It remains unclear, however, whether learners can leverage the structure of the linguistic input to do both tasks at the same time. To explore this question, we combined speech segmentation and cross-situational word learning into a single task. In Experiment 1, when adults (N = 60) simultaneously segmented continuous speech and mapped the newly segmented words to objects, they demonstrated better performance than when either task was performed alone. However, when the speech stream had conflicting statistics, participants were able to correctly map words to objects, but were at chance level on speech segmentation. In Experiment 2, we used a more sensitive speech segmentation measure to find that adults (N = 35), exposed to the same conflicting speech stream, correctly identified non-words as such, but were still unable to discriminate between words and part-words. Again, mapping was above chance. Our study suggests that learners can track multiple sources of statistical information to find and map words to objects in noisy environments. It also prompts questions on how to effectively measure the knowledge arising from these learning experiences.
Taxonomic status of two European sibling and barcode-sharing species of Brachypogon Kieffer, 1899 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: DOMINIAK PATRYCJA , SZADZIEWSKI RYSZARD
Published: July 2023

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