bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AUTOMATIC THICKNESS AND VOLUME ESTIMATION OF SPRAYED CONCRETE ON ANCHORED RETAINING WALLS FROM TERRESTRIAL LIDAR DATA
Authors: Martínez-Sánchez J. , Puente I. , GonzálezJorge H. , Riveiro B. , Arias P.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. When ground conditions are weak, particularly in free formed tunnel linings or retaining walls, sprayed concrete can be applied on the exposed surfaces immediately after excavation for shotcreting rock outcrops. In these situations, shotcrete is normally applied conjointly with rock bolts and mesh, thereby supporting the loose material that causes many of the small ground falls. On the other hand, contractors want to determine the thickness and volume of sprayed concrete for both technical and economic reasons: to guarantee their structural strength but also, to not deliver excess material that they will not be paid for. In this paper, we first introduce a terrestrial LiDAR-based method for the automatic detection of rock bolts, as typically used in anchored retaining walls. These ground support elements are segmented based on their geometry and they will serve as control points for the co-registration of two successive scans, before and after shotcreting. Then we compare both point clouds to estimate the sprayed concrete thickness and the expending volume on the wall. This novel methodology is demonstrated on repeated scan data from a retaining wall in the city of Vigo (Spain), resulting in a rock bolts detection rate of 91%, that permits to obtain a detailed information of the thickness and calculate a total volume of 3597 litres of concrete. These results have verified the effectiveness of the developed approach by increasing productivity and improving previous empirical proposals for real time thickness estimation.
DEVELOPMENT OF A NOVEL SYSTEM TO MEASURE A CLEARANCE OF A PASSENGER PLATFORM
Authors: Shimizu M. , Oizumi J. , Matsuoka R. , Takeda H. , Okukura H. , Ooya A. , Koike A.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Clearances of a passenger platform at a railway station should be appropriately maintained for safety of both trains and passengers. In most Japanese railways clearances between a platform and a train car is measured precisely once or twice a year. Because current measurement systems operate on a track, the closure of the track is unavoidable. Since the procedure of the closure of a track is time-consuming and bothersome, we decided to develop a new system to measure clearances without the closure of a track. A new system is required to work on a platform and the required measurement accuracy is less than several millimetres. We have adopted a 3D laser scanner and stop-and-go operation for a new system. The current systems on a track measure clearances continuously at walking speed, while our system on a platform measures clearances at approximately ten metres intervals. The scanner controlled by a PC acquires a set of point data at each measuring station. Edge points of the platform, top and side points of two rails are detected from the acquired point data. Finally clearances of the platform are calculated by using the detected feature points of the platform and the rails. The results of an experiment using a prototype of our system show that the measurement accuracy by our system would be satisfactory, but our system would take more time than the current systems. Since our system requires no closure of a track, we conclude that our system would be convenient and effective.
CROWDSOURCING BASED 3D MODELING
Authors: Somogyi A. , Barsi A. , Molnar B. , Lovas T.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Web-based photo albums that support organizing and viewing the users’ images are widely used. These services provide a convenient solution for storing, editing and sharing images. In many cases, the users attach geotags to the images in order to enable using them e.g. in location based applications on social networks. Our paper discusses a procedure that collects open access images from a site frequently visited by tourists. Geotagged pictures showing the image of a sight or tourist attraction are selected and processed in photogrammetric processing software that produces the 3D model of the captured object. For the particular investigation we selected three attractions in Budapest. To assess the geometrical accuracy, we used laser scanner and DSLR as well as smart phone photography to derive reference values to enable verifying the spatial model obtained from the web-album images. The investigation shows how detailed and accurate models could be derived applying photogrammetric processing software, simply by using images of the community, without visiting the site.
ENHANCEMENT OF STEREO IMAGERY BY ARTIFICIAL TEXTURE PROJECTION GENERATED USING A LIDAR
Authors: Veitch-Michaelis Joshua , Muller Jan-Peter , Walton David , Storey Jonathan , Foster Michael , Crutchley Benjamin
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Passive stereo imaging is capable of producing dense 3D data, but image matching algorithms generally perform poorly on images with large regions of homogenous texture due to ambiguous match costs. Stereo systems can be augmented with an additional light source that can project some form of unique texture onto surfaces in the scene. Methods include structured light, laser projection through diffractive optical elements, data projectors and laser speckle. Pattern projection using lasers has the advantage of producing images with a high signal to noise ratio. We have investigated the use of a scanning visible-beam LIDAR to simultaneously provide enhanced texture within the scene and to provide additional opportunities for data fusion in unmatched regions. The use of a LIDAR rather than a laser alone allows us to generate highly accurate ground truth data sets by scanning the scene at high resolution. This is necessary for evaluating different pattern projection schemes. Results from LIDAR generated random dots are presented and compared to other texture projection techniques. Finally, we investigate the use of image texture analysis to intelligently project texture where it is required while exploiting the texture available in the ambient light image.
ROBUST VISION-BASED POSE ESTIMATION ALGORITHM FOR AN UAV WITH KNOWN GRAVITY VECTOR
Authors: Kniaz V. V.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Accurate estimation of camera external orientation with respect to a known object is one of the central problems in photogrammetry and computer vision. In recent years this problem is gaining an increasing attention in the field of UAV autonomous flight. Such application requires a real-time performance and robustness of the external orientation estimation algorithm. The accuracy of the solution is strongly dependent on the number of reference points visible on the given image. The problem only has an analytical solution if 3 or more reference points are visible. However, in limited visibility conditions it is often needed to perform external orientation with only 2 visible reference points. In such case the solution could be found if the gravity vector direction in the camera coordinate system is known. A number of algorithms for external orientation estimation for the case of 2 known reference points and a gravity vector were developed to date. Most of these algorithms provide analytical solution in the form of polynomial equation that is subject to large errors in the case of complex reference points configurations. This paper is focused on the development of a new computationally effective and robust algorithm for external orientation based on positions of 2 known reference points and a gravity vector. The algorithm implementation for guidance of a Parrot AR.Drone 2.0 micro-UAV is discussed. The experimental evaluation of the algorithm proved its computational efficiency and robustness against errors in reference points positions and complex configurations.
ACCURACY OF 3D RECONSTRUCTION IN AN ILLUMINATION DOME
Authors: MacDonald Lindsay , Toschi Isabella , Nocerino Erica , Hess Mona , Remondino Fabio , Robson Stuart
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The accuracy of 3D surface reconstruction was compared from image sets of a Metric Test Object taken in an illumination dome by two methods: photometric stereo and improved structure-from-motion (SfM), using point cloud data from a 3D colour laser scanner as the reference. Metrics included pointwise height differences over the digital elevation model (DEM), and 3D Euclidean differences between corresponding points. The enhancement of spatial detail was investigated by blending high frequency detail from photometric normals, after a Poisson surface reconstruction, with low frequency detail from a DEM derived from SfM.
OPTICAL TRIANGULATION ON INSTATIONARY WATER SURFACES
Authors: Mulsow C. , Maas H.-G. , Hentschel B.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The measurement of water surfaces is a key task in the field of experimental hydromechanics. Established techniques are usually gauge-based and often come with a large instrumental effort and a limited spatial resolution. The paper shows a photogrammetric alternative based on the well-known laser light sheet projection technique. While the original approach is limited to surfaces with diffuse reflection properties, the developed technique is capable of measuring dynamically on reflecting instationary surfaces. Contrary to the traditional way, the laser line is not observed on the object. Instead, using the properties of water, the laser light is reflected on to a set of staggered vertical planes. The resulting laser line is observed by a camera and measured by subpixel operators. A calibration based on known still water levels provides the parameters for the translation of image space measurements into water level and gradient determination in dynamic experiments. As a side-effect of the principle of measuring the reflected laser line rather than the projected one, the accuracy can be improved by almost a factor two. In experiments a standard deviation of 0.03 mm for water level changes could be achieved. The measuring rate corresponds to the frame rate of the camera. A complete measuring system is currently under development for the Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute (BAW). This article shows the basic principle, potential and limitations of the method. Furthermore, several system variants optimised for different requirements are presented. Besides the geometrical models of different levels of complexity, system calibration procedures are described too. The applicability of the techniques and their accuracy potential are shown in several practical tests.
EXPERIMENTS ON CALIBRATING TILT-SHIFT LENSES FOR CLOSE-RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Nocerino E. , Menna F. , Remondino F. , Beraldin J.-A. , Cournoyer L. , Reain G.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. One of the strongest limiting factors in close range photogrammetry (CRP) is the depth of field (DOF), especially at very small object distance. When using standard digital cameras and lens, for a specific camera – lens combination, the only way to control the extent of the zone of sharp focus in object space is to reduce the aperture of the lens. However, this strategy is often not sufficient; moreover, in many cases it is not fully advisable. In fact, when the aperture is closed down, images lose sharpness because of diffraction. Furthermore, the exposure time must be lowered (susceptibility to vibrations) and the ISO increased (electronic noise may increase). In order to adapt the shape of the DOF to the subject of interest, the Scheimpflug rule is to be applied, requiring that the optical axis must be no longer perpendicular to the image plane. Nowadays, specific lenses exist that allow inclining the optical axis to modify the DOF: they are called tilt-shift lenses. In this paper, an investigation on the applicability of the classic photogrammetric model (pinhole camera coupled with Brown’s distortion model) to these lenses is presented. Tests were carried out in an environmentally controlled metrology laboratory at the National Research Council (NRC) Canada and the results are hereafter described in detail.
A review of multivariate social vulnerability methodologies: a case study of the River Parrett catchment, UK
Authors: Willis I. , Fitton J.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. In the field of disaster risk reduction (DRR), there exists a proliferation of research into different ways to measure, represent, and ultimately quantify a population's differential social vulnerability to natural hazards. Empirical decisions such as the choice of source data, variable selection, and weighting methodology can lead to large differences in the classification and understanding of the "at risk" population. This study demonstrates how three different quantitative methodologies (based on Cutter et al., 2003; Rygel et al., 2006; Willis et al., 2010) applied to the same England and Wales 2011 census data variables in the geographical setting of the 2013/2014 floods of the River Parrett catchment, UK, lead to notable differences in vulnerability classification. Both the quantification of multivariate census data and resultant spatial patterns of vulnerability are shown to be highly sensitive to the weighting techniques employed in each method. The findings of such research highlight the complexity of quantifying social vulnerability to natural hazards as well as the large uncertainty around communicating such findings to stakeholders in flood risk management and DRR practitioners.
Ocean–atmosphere–wave characterisation of a wind jet (Ebro shelf, NW Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Grifoll Manel , Navarro Jorge , Pallares Elena , Ràfols Laura , Espino Manuel , Palomares Ana
Published: June 2016

Abstract. In this contribution the wind jet dynamics in the northern margin of the Ebro River shelf (NW Mediterranean Sea) are investigated using coupled numerical models. The study area is characterised by persistent and energetic offshore winds during autumn and winter. During these seasons, a seaward wind jet usually develops in a  ∼  50 km wide band offshore. The COAWST (Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport) modelling system was implemented in the region with a set of downscaling meshes to obtain high-resolution meteo-oceanographic outputs. Wind, waves and water currents were compared with in situ observations and remote-sensing-derived products with an acceptable level of agreement. Focused on an intense offshore wind event, the modelled wind jet appears in a limited area offshore with strong spatial variability. The wave pattern during the wind jet is characterised by the development of bimodal directional spectra, and the ocean circulation tends to present well-defined two-layer flow in the shallower region (i.e. inner shelf). The outer shelf tends to be dominated by mesoscale dynamics such as the slope current. Due to the limited fetch length, ocean surface roughness considering sea state (wave–atmosphere coupling) modifies to a small extent the wind and significant wave height under severe cross-shelf wind events. However, the coupling effect in the wind resource assessment may be relevant due to the cubic relation between the wind intensity and power.
Case study of spatial and temporal variability of snow cover, grain size, albedo and radiative forcing in the Sierra Nevada and Rocky Mountain snowpack derived from imaging spectroscopy
Authors: Seidel Felix C. , Rittger Karl , Skiles S. McKenzie , Molotch Noah P. , Painter Thomas H.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Quantifying the spatial distribution and temporal change in mountain snow cover, microphysical and optical properties is important to improve our understanding of the local energy balance and the related snowmelt and hydrological processes. In this paper, we analyze changes of snow cover, optical-equivalent snow grain size (radius), snow albedo and radiative forcing by light-absorbing impurities in snow and ice (LAISI) with respect to terrain elevation and aspect at multiple dates during the snowmelt period. These snow properties are derived from the NASA/JPL Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data from 2009 in California's Sierra Nevada and from 2011 in Colorado's Rocky Mountains, USA. Our results show a linearly decreasing snow cover during the ablation period in May and June in the Rocky Mountains and a snowfall-driven change in snow cover in the Sierra Nevada between February and May. At the same time, the snow grain size is increasing primarily at higher elevations and north-facing slopes from 200 microns to 800 microns on average. We find that intense snowmelt renders the mean grain size almost invariant with respect to elevation and aspect. Our results confirm the inverse relationship between snow albedo and grain size, as well as between snow albedo and radiative forcing by LAISI. At both study sites, the mean snow albedo value decreases from approximately 0.7 to 0.5 during the ablation period. The mean snow grain size increased from approximately 150 to 650 microns. The mean radiative forcing increases from 20 W m−2 up to 200 W m−2 during the ablation period. The variability of snow albedo and grain size decreases in general with the progression of the ablation period. The spatial variability of the snow albedo and grain size decreases through the melt season while the spatial variability of radiative forcing remains constant.
Brief Communication: Thinning of debris-covered and debris-free glaciers in a warming climate
Authors: Banerjee Argha
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Recent geodetic mass balance measurements reveal similar thinning rates in glaciers with or without debris cover in the Himalaya-Karakoram region. This comes as a surprise as a thick debris cover reduces the surface melting significantly due to its insulating effects. Here we present arguments, supported by results from numerical flowline model simulations of idealised glaciers, that a competition between the changes in the surface mass balance forcing and that of the emergence/submergence velocities can lead to similar thinning rates with or without the debris. The thinning rate in a debris-covered glacier is initially smaller than that of a similar debris-free glacier. Subsequently the former rate becomes comparable to and then larger than that in the debris-free glacier. The time evolution of the thinning profile in both the type of glaciers are mainly controlled by a relatively stronger time variation of the emergence velocity profile.
Dispersion in deep polar firn driven by synoptic-scale surface pressure variability
Authors: Buizert Christo , Severinghaus Jeffrey P.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Commonly, three mechanisms of firn air transport are distinguished: molecular diffusion, advection, and near-surface convective mixing. Here we identify and describe a fourth mechanism, namely dispersion driven by synoptic-scale surface pressure variability (or barometric pumping). We use published gas chromatography experiments on firn samples to derive the along-flow dispersivity of firn, and combine this dispersivity with a dynamical air pressure propagation model forced by surface air pressure time series to estimate the magnitude of dispersive mixing in the firn. We show that dispersion dominates mixing within the firn lock-in zone. Trace gas concentrations measured in firn air samples from various polar sites confirm that dispersive mixing occurs. Including dispersive mixing in a firn air transport model suggests that our theoretical estimates have the correct order of magnitude, yet may overestimate the true dispersion. We further show that strong barometric pumping, such as at the Law Dome site, may reduce the gravitational enrichment δ15N-N2 and other tracers below gravitational equilibrium, questioning the traditional definition of the lock-in depth as the depth where δ15N enrichment ceases. Last, we propose that 86Kr excess may act as a proxy for past synoptic activity (or paleo-storminess) at the site.
Green Criminology: Guest Editors’ Introduction
Authors: Wyatt Tanya
Published: June 2016

Not applicable
Constructing and enforcing "authentic" identity online: Facebook, real names, and non-normative identities
Authors: Haimson Oliver L. , Hoffmann Anna Lauren
Published: June 2016

Despite the participatory and democratic promises of Web 2.0, many marginalized individuals with fluid or non-normative identities continue to struggle to represent themselves online. Facebook users, in particular, are told to use “authentic identities,” an idea reinforced throughout the site’s documentation, “real name” and other policies, and in public statements by company representatives. Facebook’s conception of authenticity and real names, however, has created problems for certain users, as demonstrated by the systematic deactivation of many accounts belonging to transgender and gender variant users, drag queens, Native Americans, abuse survivors, and others. In view of the struggles of marginalized users, Facebook policy appears paradoxical: the site simultaneously demands authenticity yet proscribes certain people from authentic self-presentation. In this work, we examine Facebook’s construction of “authenticity” and show how it excludes multifaceted, fluid, or non-normative identities. Using content analysis and close reading, we analyze site documentation and data from The Zuckerberg Files (an online archive of Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s public remarks) to understand the platform’s mechanisms for enforcing authenticity. We find that Facebook positions itself as a type of administrative identity registrar, raising vital questions regarding the ethics and consequences of identity enforcement online today.
The effect of feeding milk thistle seed cakes on quality indicators of broiler chickens meat
Authors: Šťastní­k Ondřej , Jůzl Miroslav , Karásek Filip , Štenclová Hana , Nedomová Šárka , Pavlata Leoš , Mrkvicová Eva , Doležal Petr , Jarošová Alžbeta
Published: June 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) seed cakes at dose 5% and 15% in feed mixture on quality indicators of broiler chickens meat. The used milk thistle seed cakes contained 3.73% of flavonolignans and 129.83 mg.kg-1 of cyanidin-3-glucoside. A 150 cockerels of Ross 308 were divided into three equal groups. The chickens were fattened on conventional deep litter system. The experimental groups received feed mixtures containing 5% of milk thistle seed cakes (MT5), 15% of milk thistle seed cakes (MT15) and third group was control - without milk thistle seed cakes (C). The trial lasted 37 days. At the end of trial was observed significant higher average weight of chickens (2,320.31 g) in control group. Compare to that the experimental group MT5 achieved significant lower mean bodyweight 2,166.69 g. From the perspective of fattening was decreased growth of chickens where a higher percentage of milk thistle seed cakes (MT15). The group MT15 was up to 420 g lower slaughter weight compared to the control group. This was probably due to the higher content of fiber in the feed. At the end of experiment 15 birds were selected randomly from each group, weighed and slaughtered. Feathers were removed and chickens were eviscerated. Carcass yield was calculated for each group like as percentage of live weight. The MT5 and MT15 group had significantly higher breast meat tenderness that the control group. Initial pH1 was highest in group with its middle addition of milk thistle seed cakes (MT5). Significant differences were not observed between control and group MT15. Breast meat was rated as the best in parameter flavour in control and MT15 group. The thigh meat was evaluated significantly best for colour parameter in MT15 group. Fibreness was rated as the finest in MT15 group. The addition of milk thistle seed cakes do not worsened sensory characteristic of breast or thigh meat of broilers and reflects optimal sensory quality traits.
The effect of reduced zinc levels on performance parameters of broiler chickens
Authors: Štenclová Hana , Karásek Filip , Šťastní­k Ondrej , Zeman Ladislav , Mrkvicová Eva , Pavlata Leoš
Published: June 2016

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of reduced supplemental zinc levels on broiler growth and carcass yield. A total of 160 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) divided into four groups were allotted to 16 cages with 10 birds per cage in each of group and kept in a temperature-controlled room. During the trial, chicks were ad libitum access to feed and water. The experiment started at 11 days of broiler age and chicks were fattened up to 35 days of age. It consisted of 4 dietary treatments with 4 replications per treatment. A corn-wheat-soybean meal basal diet containing 25.84 mg Zn.kg-1 was formulated and zinc levels of 120, 40 or 20 mg.kg-1 was supplied as zinc oxide to give four dietary treatments. At the end of the feeding trial, 24 birds from each group were randomly selected, slaughtered and carcass evaluation was performed. The results show that different levels of zinc had no significant effect on body weight of broilers or feed consumption ratio. These parameters increased by decreasing zinc levels from 120 to 20 mg Zn.kg-1 similarly as the carcass yield, percentages of breast meat and leg meat, but differences between these groups were not significant. In case of relative liver weight and zinc concentration in liver there were significant difference (p <0.05) between group given supplemented zinc of 40 mg.kg-1 and group without zinc supplementation and 120 mg.kg-1 and 40 mg.kg-1, respectively. No signs of disorders such as loss of appetite, growth depression or abnormalities of the skin was appeared in chicks. It seems that reduced supplemented zinc levels from 120 to 20 mg.kg-1 (total Zn 153.13 mg.kg-1 to 45.28 mg.kg-1 respectively) not influenced growth performance parameters of broilers fed corn-wheat-soybean meal diet.
Flax - Evaluation of composite flour and using in cereal products
Authors: Hrušková Marie , Švec Ivan
Published: June 2016

Two types of yellow and brown linseed, differing in granulation, were tested in form of wheat flour composites (additions 2.5% and 5.0%) by using the Farinograph, the Extensigraph and the Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) apparatuses. Additions of brown and yellow flax fibre significantly affected Falling Number and Zeleny test values. Curves of farinograph were differed according to flax fibre type - finer flax (better terminology) granulation meant somewhat stronger negative changes in dough stability and dough softening degree. Results of extensigraph test demonstrated changes in dough elasticity and extensibility due to lowering of gluten protein content. Appearance of the RVA profiles was verifiably different, reflecting diverse wheat and flax polysaccharides, added dietary fibre type and its granulation. Due to that, bread volume and shape was lowered up to one-half in case of golden flax composites. Similar tendencies with smaller negative influence caused the brown linseed. Fibre from flax is used for technical (textile) use, but linseed dietary fibre addition affected quality of laboratory prepared cut-off biscuits and dried pasta differently, showing a dependence on the fibre type, granulation as well as addition level. Sensory profiles of all mentioned product types were acceptable.
Effect of spices commercial mixture with GDL on the quality of fermented dry-cured sausages
Authors: Kročko Miroslav , Čanigová Margita , Ducková Viera , Bučko Ondřej
Published: June 2016

The main fermented meat products are fermented sausages in which lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the essential agents of the ripening process. Their application as starter organisms ensures the dominance of the starter during the whole ripening process. However, when no starter cultures are used, direct addition of acids like a glucono-delta-lactone (GdL) is preferred. The goal of this study was to determine the influence of commercial spices mixtur (containing GdL) on selected technological parameters of fermented dry-cured sausages - Danube sausage in comparison with currently available conventional spices. Comparison was evaluated also with addition of starter cultures. Determinations of technological (value of pH, water activity, color) and microbiological properties (count of Lactobacillus spp., Enterobacteriaceae family, yeasts and moulds) were realized after 24 hours, 5 and 30 days. The sensory analysis of sausages was carried out after 30 days of ripening process. In sausages with the addition of commercial spice mixture in combination with starter culture were determined the lowest values of pH and aw at the end of ripening process (30 days). Bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family were occurred in the samples with the addition of currently available conventional spices at the beginning of ripening, but after 5 days of ripening were bacteria of this family not detected. The counts of yeasts in analyzed samples were not detected. Counts of LAB at the end of ripening proccess (30 days) were lower in coparison with result obtained after 5 days; however their count was comparable with count determined at the beginig of the ripening. Our results show, that the combination of starter culture and commercial spice mixture containig GdL may cause excesive sour taste and sensory defect of dry fermented meat products.
Quercetin-induced changes in femoral bone microstructure of adult male rabbits
Authors: Babosová Ramona , Omelka Radoslav , Ďúranová Hana , Kováčová Veronika , Lukáčová Martina , Capcarová Marcela , Martiniaková Monika
Published: June 2016

Flavonoids are a group of plant metabolites with antioxidant effects. One of the most abundant flavonoids in the human diet is quercetin. It is found widely in fruits, vegetables and has a lot of beneficial effects on human health. Quercetin has a positive pharmacological effect on bone metabolism and it prevents the organism against bone loss. However, its impact on the size of basic structural units of the compact bone is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the impact of the quercetin on femoral bone microstructure in 5-month-old male rabbits. Five rabbits of Californian broiler line were randomly divided into two groups. In the experimental group (E group; n=3), animals were intramuscularly injected with quercetin at dose 1000 μg.kg-1 body weight (bw) for 90 days, 3 times per week. Two rabbits without quercetin administration served as a control group (C group). According to our results, intramuscular application of quercetin had an insignificant effect on cortical bone thickness in male rabbits. In these rabbits, changes in qualitative histological characteristics were present in the middle part of the compacta, where primary vascular longitudinal bone tissue was present and expanded there from the periosteum. Also, a lower number of secondary osteons was found in these animals. From the histomorphometrical point of view, significantly decreased sizes of primary osteons' vascular canals and secondary osteons (p <0.05) were found in rabbits administered by quercetin. Our findings indicate that subchronic administration of quercetin at the dose used in our study had considerable impact on both qualitative and quantitative histological characteristics of the compact bone in adult male rabbits.
Assessment of DNA quality in processed tuna muscle tissues
Authors: Piskatá Zora , Pospí­šilová Eliška
Published: June 2016

Authentication of tuna fish products is necessary to assure consumers of accurate labelling of food products. The quality of species specific DNA crucially affects the efficiency of amplification during the subsequent PCR. The problem in DNA detection in canned products lies in the possibility of the fragmentation of DNA during the processing technologies and the use of ingredients (oil, salt, spice), that may inhibit the PCR reaction. In this study three DNA extraction methods were compared: DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit, DNeasy mericon Food Kit and Chemagic DNA tissue 10 Kit. The quantity and quality of DNA were evaluated by measuring DNA concentration and ratios A260/A280. Several parameters were estimated: the effect of whole and mechanically treated muscle, sterilization procedure used in canned process (high temperature in combination with high pressure) and addition of raw materials. The highest DNA concentrations were observed in non-processed muscle that is not influenced by the sterilization process. Canned whole muscle demonstrated lower DNA yield, and furthermore, the mechanical treatment (canned ground) resulted in lower values of DNA concentration that was registered by using all three types of DNA extraction kits. DNeasy mericon Food Kit produced DNA of higher concentration in non-processed sample, Chemagic DNA tissue 10 Kit delivered higher DNA yields than kits DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit and DNeasy mericon Food Kit in canned samples, although the purity was lower, but still within the range 1.7 - 2.0. DNA was considered to be satisfactorily pure in all three types of samples and using all three types of DNA isolation. In case of the samples enriched of ingredients and treated with sterilization process as whole or ground muscle Chemagic DNA tissue 10 Kit produced in all samples (whole and ground muscle) the highest values of DNA concentration, but almost all values of A260/A280 were lower than 1.7. Therefore DNeasy mericon Food Kit appears to be a favorite one, in all samples with whole muscle gives higher values of DNA concentrations than DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit. Addition of ingredients influenced the DNA yield in terms of decreasing in samples containing vinegar and lemon, but some of the ingredients resulted surprisingly in higher yield of DNA. This was not consistent in whole and ground muscle, and the differences were described also among particular kits. The impact of ingredients was not conclusively approved and their importance to the suitability of extracted DNA for PCR amplification is needed to be discussed in further analysis.
Prevalence of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in minced meat, pig tongues and hearts at the retail level in the Czech Republic detected by real time PCR
Authors: Lorencova Alena , Slany Michal
Published: June 2016

Yersiniosis is the third most frequently reported zoonosis in the European Union and Yersinia enterocolitica is the most common species causing human infections. Pigs are assumed to be the main reservoir of human pathogenic Y. enterocolitica with the presence of bacteria mainly in the tonsils and intestinal content. Undercooked pork and pork products have been suggested as the primary source of human yersiniosis. Nevertheless, data on the prevalence of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in foodstuffs including pork products are very limited. A molecular based method (real time PCR) targeting the ompF gene (detection of Yersinia genus) and the ail gene (a chromosomally located virulence marker of Y. enterocolitica) was used to determine the prevalence of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in minced meat and edible pork offal at the retail level in the Czech Republic. A total of 50 pig tongues, 50 pig hearts, and 93 samples of minced meat containing pork were purchased at nine retail outlets in Brno. High detection rates of Yersinia spp. were found in all types of samples (pig tongues, 80.0%; pig hearts, 40.0%; and minced meat, 55.9%). The highest prevalence of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica was found in pig tongues (40.0%), followed by pig hearts (18.0%) and minced meat samples (17.2%). Although from the point of view of food safety the merely molecular detection of DNA of the pathogenic bacteria could represent a false positive result, our results indicate the presence of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in raw pork products at the retail level in the Czech Republic, which may pose a risk of consumer infection. Sufficient heat treatment and prevention of cross-contamination during preparation of food in the kitchen should be recommended.
On the quotients of c-spaces
Authors: P  K Santhosh
Published: June 2016

In this paper, the concept of weak c-structure generated by a family of functions is introduced and quotient spaces are introduced as a particular case of this. Properties of quotient maps are explored. A method of finding quotient space of  topologizable and graphical c-spaces are described.
New trends in Laplace type integral transforms with applications
Authors: Aghili Arman
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the authors provided a discussion on one and two dimensional Laplace transforms and generalized Stieltjes transform and their applications in evaluating special series and integrals. Finally, we implemented the joint Laplace – Fourier transforms to construct exact solution for a variant of the Kd.V equation. Illustrative examples are also provided.
A numerical method for solving time-dependent convection-diffusion problems
Authors: El Hajaji Abdelmajid
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we develop a new numerical method for solving a timedependent convection-diffusion equation with Dirichlet’s type boundary conditions. We first propose the theta-method to discretize the temporal variable, resulting in a linear partial differential equation (PDE). To numerically solve this linear PDE, we develop and we analyze a new cubic spline collocation method for the spatial discretization. To solve the discretized linear system, we design a collocation method and we prove that the method is second order convergent. The computed results are compared wherever possible with those already available in the literature.
Modified finite difference method for solving fractional delay differential equations
Authors: Parsa Moghaddam Behrouz , Salamat Mostaghim Zeynab
Published: June 2016

In this paper we present and discuss a new numerical scheme for solving fractional delay differential equations of the generalform:$$D^{\beta}_{*}y(t)=f(t,y(t),y(t-\tau),D^{\alpha}_{*}y(t),D^{\alpha}_{*}y(t-\tau))$$on $a\leq t\leq b$,$0<\alpha\leq1$,$1<\beta\leq2$ and under the following interval and boundary conditions:\\$y(t)=\varphi(t) \qquad\qquad -\tau \leq t \leq a,$\\$y(b)=\gamma$\\where $D^{\beta}_{*}y(t)$,$D^{\alpha}_{*}y(t)$ and $D^{\alpha}_{*}y(t-\tau)$ are the standard Caputo fractional derivatives, $\varphi$ is the initial value and $\gamma$ is a smooth function.\\We also provide this method for solving some scientific models. The obtained results show that the propose method is veryeffective and convenient.
Numerical treatment of nonlinear optimal control problems
Authors: Khoshsiar Ghaziani Reza , Fardi Mojtaba , Ghasemi Mehdi
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we present iterative and non-iterative methods for the solution of nonlinear optimal con-trol problems (NOCPs) and address the sufficient conditions for uniqueness of solution. We also studyconvergence properties of the given techniques. The approximate solutions are calculated in the form ofa convergent series with easily computable components. The efficiency and simplicity of the methods aretested on a numerical example.
Some results on common best proximity point in fuzzy metric
Authors: Shayanpour Hamid , Nematizadeh Asiyeh
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we dene the concepts of commute proximally, dominate prox-imally, weakly dominate proximally and common best proximity point in fuzzy metricspace (abbreviated, FM-space). We prove some common best proximity point and com-mon xed point theorems for dominate proximally and weakly dominate proximally map-pings in FM-space under certain conditions. Our results generalize many known resultsin metric space.
Adoption of Technology-Based Product by Consumers: A Review
Authors: Satapathy Santanu Kumar , Sangle Shirish , Unnikrishnan Seema
Published: June 2016

Technology-Based Product (TBP) Adoption By The Consumers Is Now Widely Acknowledged As A Key Aspect Of Sustainable Consumption. TBP Has Been Studied By Several Researchers To Identify The Key Variables Of Its Adoption. This Article Describes The Analysis Of Selective Papers, Explaining Various Factors Affecting The Adoption Of TBP By The Consumers. A Few Models Proposed By Researchers Are Discussed For A Better Understanding Of The Consumer Behavior As Well As The Variables For TBP Adoption. This Review Paper Also Gives A Comprehensive List Of Findings In The Area Of TBP Adoption. While Focusing On The Research Conducted In The Past, The Review Paper Emphasizes The Need For More Empirical Studies In The Area. The Article Brings Out The Research Gaps Pertaining To The Establishment Of The Relation Between Adoption Of TBP And Climate Change. The Paper Concludes With The Discussion Of Further Research Needed In The Area Of TBP Adoption In India.
Forord
Authors: Lund-Larsen Per G. , Nelson Ellen
Published: June 2016

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Statens helseundersøkelser og Tromsø
Authors: Arnesen Egil
Published: June 2016

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The association between caffeine intake and forearm bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: The Oslo Health Study
Authors: Holvik Kristin , Meyer Haakon E.
Published: June 2016

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The increase in life expectancy in Norway 1985-1998: Good years or bad?
Authors: Waaler m.fl. Hans Th.
Published: June 2016

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Og om litt er kaffen klar – om virkningene av kaffekonsum, røyking og mosjon på smerter i muskler og ledd
Authors: Hernes Gudmund
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGFormålet med denne studien er å undersøke sammenhengen mellom kaffekonsum og muskel/skjelettplager.Datamaterialet er ca. 40.000 norske kvinner og menn i alderen 40-42 år i syv norske fylker, somble undersøkt i perioden 1994-96. Analysen viser klart signifikante sammenhenger, ikke bare mellomkaffekonsum og smerter, men også med røyking, mens regelmessig mosjon som gjør deg svett ellerandpusten, er assosiert med mindre smerteopplevelse.Hernes G. The effects of coffee consumption, smoking and exercise on muscular and skeletal pain.Nor J Epidemiol  ENGLISH SUMMARYThe purpose of this study is to investigate the connection between the consumption of coffee andmuscular/skeletal pain. The data used are taken from a survey of about 40.000 men and women aged 40-42, carried out in 1994-96 in seven counties in Norway. The analysis shows significant associations notjust of coffee consumption and pain, but also with smoking whereas regular strenuous exercise isassociated with less experience of such pains.1997; 7 (2): 149-155.
Resultat av tuberkulosebehandling i Norge 1995
Authors: Heldal Einar
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGI tillegg til insidens og mortalitet, har andelen pasienter som fullfører tuberkulosebehandlingen («helbredelsesrate») nylig blitt anbefalt av IUATLD og WHO som en indikator for vurdering av tuberkulosekontrollen.I denne studien ble resultatet av tuberkulosebehandlingen vurdert hos alle pasienter med dyrkningsbekreftetlungetuberkulose meldt til Det sentrale tuberkuloseregister i 1995. Av 101 pasienter fullførte 77 behandlingen(«helbredelsesrate» 76%), 9 forsvant, 14 døde og én fortsatte å være smitteførende. De fleste (7 av 9)som forsvant var født utenfor Norge, mens de fleste (13 av 14) som døde var født i Norge.Helbredelsesraten i Norge er langt dårligere enn WHOs anbefalinger (85% helbredelsesrate) og resultateneoppnådd i enkelte andre land som Nederland. Vurdering av behandlingsresultat er en viktig del avtuberkuloseovervåkningen. Tiltak bør iverksettes for å redusere mortaliteten og andelen pasienter somforsvinner før avsluttet behandling.Heldal E. Results of tuberculosis treatment in Norway 1995. Nor J Epidemiol 1997; 7 (2): 231-233. ENGLISH SUMMARYIn addition to incidence and mortality the proportion of patients who complete tuberculosis treatment (curerate) has recently been recommended by the IUATLD and WHO as an indicator in assessing tuberculosiscontrol. In the present study the result of tuberculosis treatment was assessed in all patients with cultureconfirmed pulmonary tuberculosis notified to the National Tuberculosis Register in 1995. Out of 101patients 77 completed treatment (cure rate 76%), 9 disappeared, 14 died and one continued to be contagious(failure case). Most of those who disappeared (7 out of 9) were born outside Norway, while most of thosewho died (13 out of 14) were born in Norway.The cure rate in Norway was far below the level of 85% recommended by WHO, and achieved incountries like the Netherlands. The assessment of treatment result is an important component of tuberculosissurveillance. Action should be taken to reduce mortality and the proportion of patients who disappear fromtreatment.INNLEDNING
Blodtrykk målt med kvikksølvmanometer og med Dinamap under feltforhold – en sammenligning
Authors: Lund-Larsen Per G.
Published: June 2016

SAMMENDRAGBlodtrykksmåling med kvikksølvmanometer etter standardiserte prosedyrer, har lenge vært en epidemiologiskreferansemetode. Dinamap er en automatisert blodtrykksmåler som måler trykk og hjertefrekvens pågrunnlag av oscillometri og moderne elektronikk. Før Statens helseundersøkelser (SHUS) tok i brukDinamap på slutten av 80-tallet, ble blodtrykk målt med kvikksølvmetoden (Erkameter) sammenlignet medblodtrykk målt med Dinamap – i en screening situasjon. Vi fant at Dinamap var et velegnet screeningverktøy.Systolisk blodtrykk ble målt omtrent likt med de to metodene, Dinamap viste seg å måle diastolisktrykk noe lavere enn Erka. Forskjellen Erka–Dinamap avtok med økende målenivå.Lund-Larsen PG. Blood pressure measured with a sphygmomanometer and with Dinamap underfield conditions – a comparison. Nor J Epidemiol 1997; 7 (2): 235-241.  ENGLISH SUMMARYBlood pressure measurements with a sphygmomanometer in accordance with standardized methods, hasbeen an epidemiological reference method for a long time. Dinamap is a method of measuring bloodpressure automatically, recording both pressure and heart frequency on the basis of oscillometry andmodern electronics. Before the National Health Screening Service started using Dinamap, at the end of theeighties, blood pressure was measured with the mercury method (Erkameter) and compared to bloodpressures measured with Dinamap – in a screening situation. We then found that Dinamap was a wellsuited screening tool. Systolic blood pressure measurements were about the same with the two methods,for diastolic pressure Dinamap showed slightly lower values than Erka. The difference Erka–Dinamapdiminished at higher measurement levels.
Experiments in Self-Interruption: A Defining Activity of Psychoanalysis, Philosophy, and Other Erotic Practices
Authors: Colapietro Vincent
Published: June 2016

In this article I propose to explore psychoanalysis, philosophy, and other erotic practices as inevitably inclusive of experiments in self-interruption. Indeed, these practices are often such experiments more than anything else. I draw here not only upon Adam Phillips but also on Stanley Cavell, Joan Acocella, and James Snead. The function of experiments in self-interruption is, for at least some practitioners, to turn the qualities of experience upon themselves for the sake of intensifying, deepening, extending, and in other respects enhancing these qualities. In the process of doing so, pleasure can be made so intense as to be practically indistinguishable from pain, and pain or, more precisely, its overcoming, so integral to the execution of an activity as to be an integral part of an intrinsically pleasurable pursuit. Good and evil as well as pleasure and pain have their experiential meaning only in reference to the somatic (hence, erotic) practices of social actors, human or otherwise. “The old phrase ‘stop and think’ is,” Dewey insists, “sound psychology.” It is also critical for pedagogy, philosophy, politics, friendship, and much else. The art of stopping ourselves is, however, a more subtle and difficult one than we might appreciate.