bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is drug checking, anyway?
Authors: Barratt Monica J. , Measham Fiona
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The recent influx of interest in and the changing status of drug checking has led us to reconsider some fundamental questions about drug checking. This commentary aims to define drug checking. It proceeds in three parts: terminology, definitions and programmes that are excluded from the definition of drug checking that still have value for harm reduction.

Design/methodology/approach

To inform the commentary, an informal review of pertinent publications on the topic was conducted to extract relevant definitions and terminology.

Findings

Drug checking services (DCS) have five necessary features: (1) aim of reducing harm; (2) analyse samples directly from the public; (3) return results to the service user; (4) involve information exchange between service user and DCS; and (5) conduct a tailored intervention with the service user. Variable features include the populations served, setting, analysis methods, immediacy of results, nature of intervention, levels of engagement with other stakeholder groups, funding models, legal status and staff skillsets. Programmes that are not DCS but have some similarities to DCS include non-publicly accessible testing of drugs as well as testing of bodily fluids where results may inform drug alerts.

Originality/value

Drug checking remains a legally, politically and commercially sensitive health service. Reflecting on the history and evolution of drug checking, both as a term and as a harm reduction service, helps provide clarity in terms of what drug checking is and what it is not. This facilitates more effective framing of evaluations, in terms of what DCS aim to do and achieve.
The potential of Google Analytics for tracking the reading behavior in web books
Authors: Porsche Lukáš , Zbiejczuk Suchá Ladislava , Martinek Jan
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce Google Analytics as a format suitable for advanced tracking of reading behavior within web books, set the metrics for measuring the reading behavior of web books and describe the first results of a pilot study. This paper offers suggestions for further deployment of web books and web analytics in digital libraries and evaluating web books' performance.

Design/methodology/approach

To understand the reading behavior of web book users, researchers use quantitative research methods based on custom and advanced metrics at Google Analytics.

Findings

Google Analytics is a valuable tool for tracking access to individual books and tracking entire web book collections, mainly if researchers use the combination of unique custom and advanced metrics. A pilot study with 190 users uncovered significant results on reading behavior, for example, the strong preference for scrolling over navigation buttons.

Research limitations/implications

This pilot study is limited to measuring two web books and 190 users. This study demonstrated a workable setup of metrics for measuring reading behavior; it would be helpful to continue measurement with a larger sample of books and users.

Originality/value

Researchers in library and information science currently use web analytics mainly to understand user behavior on the website and in the catalog. This paper presents the possibilities of deploying Google Analytics directly in web books to understand reading behavior.
Making Generation Y employees want to stick to their jobs: the roles of individualized consideration transformational leadership, occupational self-efficacy, and personal growth initiative
Authors: Malik Parul , Malik Pooja
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Based on the self-determination and affective events theories, the current research examined the mediating role of occupational self-efficacy (OSE) between individualized consideration transformational leadership (ICTL) and affective commitment relationship. Furthermore, this study tests the moderating role of personal growth initiative on the relationship between ICTL and OSE.

Design/methodology/approach

To examine the relationship, the authors carried out a time-lagged study spanning over four months for analyzing the indirect effect of ICTL on affective commitment via OSE among 382 Generation Y employees working in Indian IT (information technology) organizations. Results were analyzed using Process macro.

Findings

The study results revealed that OSE significantly mediated the relationship between ICTL and affective commitment. It was also established that the positive relationship between ICTL and OSE was stronger among employees who perceived higher levels of personal growth initiative.

Practical implications

The findings carry substantial implications for researchers and organizational practitioners. Indeed, the results indicate that human resource management practitioners are required to nurture an ICTL approach for boosting employees' affective commitment levels.

Originality/value

The study proposed a model focusing on the role of ICTL in enhancing employees' OSE and affective commitment. Also, the study contributes to existent research by demonstrating the role of personal growth initiative in understanding the relationship between ICTL and OSE. Moreover, this study provides theoretical and practical implications.
Impacts of managerial capabilities on perceived international performance: mediating role of international opportunity-driven behavior
Authors: Tabares Alexander , Tavera Juan-Fernando , Álvarez Barrera Claudia Patricia , Escobar-Sierra Manuela
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the relationship between managerial capabilities, international opportunity-driven behavior and perceived international performance at an individual-level analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual model is tested using data collected from 190 managers of international ventures from Colombia, an emerging economy in Latin America. Partial least squares structural equation modeling is used to analyze the data.

Findings

The findings reveal that international opportunity-driven behavior of individuals becomes a mediating managerial capability to achieve international performance under evolving and changing conditions. The results show three managerial capabilities are key drivers when pursuing international opportunities. Different from what the internationalization research claims, this study reveals that some hypotheses about the relationship between some managerial capabilities and perceived international performance are not confirmed in the context of an emerging economy.

Research limitations/implications

The specific limitations of the study open avenues for future research. However, the authors propose five research avenues to improve the generalizability of the results.

Practical implications

This study provides managers, entrepreneurs and policymakers suggestions. Thus, the authors offer a repertoire of managerial capabilities that emerging market entrepreneurs should develop to pursue opportunities across borders and achieve international performance.

Social implications

Managers should develop social capital capabilities by establishing networks with other relevant organizations and business partners, both in the domestic and international markets, to leverage enough knowledge that helps them to overcome the liability of newness and foreignness.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the knowledge by examining international opportunity-driven behavior at an individual-level analysis and bringing emerging economies as new contexts that may enrich the international business and international entrepreneurship literature.
Effect of project organization elements on the mental health of project management practitioner in AEC projects
Authors: Tijani Bashir , Jin Xiaohua , Osei-Kyei Robert
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Due to the frenetic and dynamic working conditions ascribed to architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) project organizations, enormous research has addressed the poor mental health propensity of project management practitioners (PMPs). However, research has not considered the distant factors related to organizational design causing poor mental health. Therefore, this study addresses the problem by integrating institutional theory, agency theory and resource-based theory (RBT) to explore the relationship between organizational design elements: project governance, knowledge management, integrated project delivery, project management skills and mental health management indicators. Examples of mental health management indicators include social relationships, work-life balance and project leadership.

Design/methodology/approach

Purposive sampling method was adopted to collect survey data from 90 PMPs in 60 AEC firms in Australia. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was utilized to test the relationship between the variables.

Findings

The research found that project governance, knowledge management and integrated project delivery are positively correlated to mental health management indicators. However, the research finding suggests that project management skills have a negative impact on mental health management indicators.

Originality/value

The findings offer guidelines to AEC firms on achieving positive mental health management outcomes through concentration on project governance, knowledge management and integrated project delivery. It further calls for a reconsideration of existing project management skills causing poor mental health management outcomes.
A model for the identification of the functional structures of unstructured abstracts in the social sciences
Authors: Shen Si , Jiang Chuan , Hu Haotian , Ji Youshu , Wang Dongbo
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Reorganising unstructured academic abstracts according to a certain logical structure can help scholars not only extract valid information quickly but also facilitate the faceted search of academic literature. This study aims to build a high-performance model for identifying of the functional structures of unstructured abstracts in the social sciences.

Design/methodology/approach

This study first investigated the structuring of abstracts in academic articles in the field of social sciences, using large-scale statistical analyses. Then, the functional structures of sentences in the abstract in a corpus of more than 3.5 million abstracts were identified from sentence classification and sequence tagging by using several models based on either machine learning or a deep learning approach, and the results were compared.

Findings

The results demonstrate that the functional structures of sentences in abstracts in social science manuscripts include the background, purpose, methods, results and conclusions. The experimental results show that the bidirectional encoder representation from transformers exhibited the best performance, the overall F1 score of which was 86.23%.

Originality/value

The data set of annotated social science abstract is generated and corresponding models are trained on the basis of the data set, both of which are available on Github (https://github.com/Academic-Abstract-Knowledge-Mining/SSCI_Abstract_Structures_Identification). Based on the optimised model, a Web application for the identification of the functional structures of abstracts and their faceted search in social sciences was constructed to enable rapid and convenient reading, organisation and fine-grained retrieval of academic abstracts.
Employees’ fit to telework and work well-being: (in)voluntariness in telework as a mediating variable?
Authors: Lopes Silvia , Dias Paulo C. , Sabino Ana , Cesário Francisco , Peixoto Ricardo
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The present study aims to examine the mediating role of (in)voluntariness in teleworking in explaining the relationship between employees’ fit to telework and work well-being (i.e. work engagement and exhaustion).

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional survey design was used in this study. The sample comprised 222 individuals performing telework in Portugal. Statistical analyses employed were descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, confirmatory factor and structural equation analyses, and mediation analysis using Hayes Process macro.

Findings

The findings confirmed the hypothesis that employees’ fit to telework raises the voluntariness in telework and decreases involuntariness in telework. However, contrary to expectations, no significant relationships were found between voluntariness in telework, work engagement and exhaustion. Yet, involuntariness in telework showed a significant role in decreasing work engagement and increasing workers’ exhaustion. The mediating role of involuntariness in telework was confirmed in explaining the relationship between employees’ fit to telework and exhaustion.

Practical implications

Managers in global firms can draw from the results to understand how employees’ fit to telework directly and/or indirectly contributes to work well-being and develop human resource (HR) management practices aiming to increase employees’ fit to telework.

Originality/value

Although teleworking is already studied, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no studies have analyzed the same conceptual model employees’ fit to telework, (in)voluntariness in teleworking and work well-being.
Stay alert, save businesses. Planning for adversity among immigrant entrepreneurs
Authors: Campagnolo Diego , Laffineur Catherine , Leonelli Simona , Martiarena Aloña , Tietz Matthias A. , Wishart Maria
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Against the theoretical backdrop of the embeddedness and the resilience literatures, this paper investigates if and how SMEs' planning for adversity affects firms' performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper develops hypotheses that investigate the link between the risk management of immigrant-led and native-led SMEs and their performance and draw on novel data from a survey on 900 immigrant- and 2,416 native-led SMEs in 5 European cities to test them.

Findings

Immigrant-led SMEs are less likely to implement an adversity plan, especially when they are in an enclave sector. However, adversity planning is important to enhance the growth of immigrant-led businesses, even outside a crisis period, and it reduces the performance gap vis-à-vis native-led businesses. Inversely, the positive association between adversity planning and growth in the sample of native entrepreneurs is mainly driven by entrepreneurs who have experienced a severe crisis in the past.

Originality/value

This paper empirically uses planning for adversity as an anticipation stage of organizational resilience and tests it in the context of immigrant and native-led SMEs. Results support the theoretical reasoning that regularly scanning for threats and seeking information beyond the local community equips immigrant-led SMEs with a broader structural network which translates into new organizational capabilities. Furthermore, results contribute to the process-based view of resilience demonstrating that regularly planning for adversity builds a firm's resilience potential, though the effect is contingent on the nationality of the leaders.
Religiosity and safety performance: mediating role of safety behaviour
Authors: Asamani Lebbaeus , Asumeng Maxwell , Anum Adote , Twumasi Evelyn
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Safety science research has largely focused on areas such as oil and gas, mining and construction, with a paucity of research in the agricultural sector which constitutes over 60% of the workforce in Ghana. This paper investigated the extent to which religiosity of rice farm workers predicts their safety performance through safety behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected data from 469 respondents, comprising 347 males and 122 females from three large rice irrigation schemes in southern Ghana in a cross-sectional survey, and analysed the data with partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

Religiosity had a moderate positive direct relationship with safety behaviour, while safety behaviour had a very weak relationship with safety performance. Also, safety behaviour played a competitive partial mediating role in the relationship between religiosity and safety performance.

Practical implications

The findings led to the conclusion that religiosity is an essential direct antecedent of safety behaviour at work and an indirect antecedent of safety performance. Accordingly, the authors recommend that safety practitioners, managers and supervisors put mechanisms in place to cautiously encourage optional religious programmes that would enable organisational members to get a deeper understanding and knowledge of their religion and promote religious freedom and diversity at the workplace.

Originality/value

This paper has contributed to the debate on the relevance of religiosity at work and occupational safety and health promotion in the African context. This seems to be the only study in Ghana that has investigated how religiosity relates to safety behaviour in production agriculture, specifically, rice farming. Another contribution of this study is the evidence supporting the mediating role of safety behaviour in the relationship between religiosity and safety performance.
Actor roles and public–private interaction in transitioning networks: the case of geofencing for urban freight transport in Sweden
Authors: Lindkvist Hannes , Lind Frida , Melander Lisa
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate actor roles and public–private interactions in networks. Role dynamics are explored in two settings: the current development network and the future implementation network to which actors are transitioning.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper builds on the industrial marketing and purchasing approach to business markets and uses a qualitative methodology. A case study of a network developing geofencing applications in the context of sustainable transport was used. The main source of data was interviews with 26 respondents from public and private organizations.

Findings

Roles in development and implementation of geofencing are identified, where private and public actors may take on one or several roles in the developing setting. When transitioning to the implementation setting, the expectations of public actors vary and there is ambiguity over their roles, which range from active to inactive. This detailed empirical case study shows the complexity of multi-actor involvement when developing digital technology for the transport system.

Research limitations/implications

The study highlights the transition from firm-centric innovation to network-centric innovation and its implications on actor roles.

Practical implications

Organizations participating in public–private innovation networks need to be aware of the multiple roles public organizations play and the complexities they face.

Originality/value

The paper explores role dynamics within and between the development and implementation settings of geofencing. Within the current development setting, roles are identified at different organizational levels with limited change in role dynamics. When transitioning to a new setting, actors’ role dynamics may range from “limited” to “path-breaking.” In future settings, actors enter and exit networks and their roles may change dramatically.
Institutions and competition: does internationalisation provide advantages for the family firms in a transition economy?
Authors: Coşkun Recai , Kryeziu Liridon , Krasniqi Besnik A.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Kosovo has experienced a radical shift from a centrally planned economy to a market economy and built institutions from scratch. During the institutional building process, due to inconsistencies in institutional reforms, firms faced several challenges in competing in the domestic market and engaging in exporting activities. The purpose of the study is threefold. First, to examine how institutional settings influence family firms’ success; second, how and which types of strategic behaviours family firms pursue in response to institutional deficiencies and third, whether and how internationalisation helps the firms overcome the difficulties resulting from deficiencies of the institutions.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs a qualitative document analysis technique using secondary and primary data to examine the impact of institutional settings on firm internationalisation and related firm reactions.

Findings

Findings suggest that fiscal policy, weak protection of property rights and contractual enforcement negatively influenced family firms because of unfair competition, unpredictable business environment and additional costs due to deficient institutions. The authors found that internationalisation provided benefits for the firms in handling the problems posed by the institutions. The firms focused on three main strategies to respond to weak institutions: improving product quality, diversifying and differentiating products and setting competitive prices.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature and explains how and which economic institutions influence firm internationalisation and how engagement in international business activities provides an advantage in responding to deficient institutions in the home country.
Modelling the drivers of responsiveness of automotive supply chain using an integrated fuzzy DEMATEL-ISM approach
Authors: Sathyan Rinu , Palanisamy Parthiban , G. Suresh , M. Navin
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The automotive industry appears to overcome much of its obstacles, despite the constant struggle facing COVID-19. The pandemic has resulted in significant improvements in the habits and conduct of consumers. There is an increased preference for personal mobility. In this dynamic environment with unexpected changes and high market rivalry, automotive supply chains focus more on executing responsive strategies with minimum costs. This paper aims to identify and model the drivers to the responsiveness of automotive supply chain.

Design/methodology/approach

Seventeen drivers for supply chain responsiveness have been identified from the extensive literature, expert interview. An integrated methodology of fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory–interpretive structural modelling (DEMATEL–ISM) is developed to establish the interrelationship between the drivers. The cause–effect relationship between the drivers was obtained through fuzzy DEMATEL technique, and a hierarchical structure of the drivers was developed using the ISM technique.

Findings

The result of the integrated methodology revealed that strategic decision-making of management, accurate forecasting of demand, advanced manufacturing system in the organisation and data integration tools are the critical drivers.

Research limitations/implications

This study has conceptual and analytical limitations. In this study, a limited number of drivers are examined for supply chain responsiveness. Further research may examine the role of other key performance indicators in the broad field of responsiveness in the automotive supply chain or other industry sectors. Future study can uncover the interrelationships and relative relevance of indicators using advanced multi-criteria decision-making methodologies.

Originality/value

The authors proposed an integrated methodology that will be benefitted to the supply chain practitioners and automotive manufacturers to develop management strategies to improve responsiveness. This study further helps to compare the responsiveness of the supply chain between various automotive manufacturers.
The adoption of smart industry 4.0 app technology and harnessing e-WOM in the wine industry caused by a global pandemic: a case study of the Yarra Valley in Australia
Authors: Strickland Paul , Williams Kim M.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This exploratory study aims to examine how wine stakeholders' are adopting innovative advancements in smart industry 4.0 application technology (SI4.0AT) coupled with electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) techniques to increase winery visitation and wine sales, prior to and during a global pandemic in the Yarra Valley in Victoria, Australia.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative interpretivist geographical bounded case study approach was used to collect data from fifteen Victorian wine stakeholder's prior to and during the global pandemic COVID-19. A thematic analysis was applied to interpret participant responses and how they viewed, reacted to and harnessed S14.0AT and e-WOM to continue and increase wine sales.

Findings

The findings suggest few wine stakeholders' were actively implementing SI4.0AT prior to the global pandemic, COVID -19. With the forced closure of wineries to visitors across Australia, most small to medium-sized wineries immediately changed their business models to concentrate on domestic e-commerce wine sales and home delivery. To support these new business models, e-WOM techniques were quickly adopted or increased whereas other S14.0AT technologies were not, due to financial restraints.

Research limitations/implications

The number of participants used in this study is a limitation, however, this can be overcome by replicating this study in other wine regions. This research focused on the wine stakeholders' viewpoint only and may not be easily generalised. Future studies may examine the “what” aspect of SI4.0AT is being used and e-WOM content such as investigating what consumers are saying about these wineries, the method of communication and the motivations for consumers to engage with a winery.

Practical implications

The implications for the wine industry and overall results offer insight into the wine stakeholders' perceptions of SI4.0AT and e-WOM and consequent marketing strategy of wineries in the Yarra Valley, Victoria, both pre- and during forced face-to-face winery closures due to a global pandemic. Wineries need to continue to harness and leverage the benefits of e-WOM wine marketing in their marketing strategies and continue to explore the affordability of 4.0 app technology and Tourism 4.0 options.

Originality/value

This study is the first attempt at investigating how wine stakeholders' view; react to and harness SI4.0AT and e-WOM through formalised online marketing strategies which should continue to be investigated in the future.
Review of augmented reality in academic and research libraries
Authors: Hussain Abid
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The paper aims to provide substantive information regarding augmented reality (AR) and its usage in academic and research libraries.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative research based on the content analysis method was used for this study. Articles from top databases such as Science Direct, Emerald and Taylor & Francis were consulted, and most cited articles were extracted from those searches for this study.

Findings

The research reveals that most libraries in developed countries are executing this technology to give maximal information to their patrons in the augmented world. The study also shows that advanced technologies are needed these days, and without adopting these technologies, no advancement in the library sector can be made.

Originality/value

This paper sheds light on AR conversation and, by extension, implementation; it will further boost the morale of academic and research librarians. Additionally, it sets the framework for researchers and practitioners that the application service is lacking despite the rise of technological advancements.
Understanding leveraged ETFs’ compounding effect
Authors: Charupat Narat , Ma Zhe , Miu Peter
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Prior literature has shown that, theoretically, holding-period returns of a leveraged exchange-traded fund (LETF) are generally negatively affected by the volatility of the underlying benchmark’s daily returns, particularly for long holding periods. However, recent empirical studies simulate LETFs’ returns using historical benchmark returns and report results that are not entirely consistent with the theoretical predictions, leading to the possibility that the distribution of real-world returns may have certain characteristics that influence the outcomes. In this paper, the authors examine how asymmetric volatility affects LETFs’ performance and provide detailed explanations for the behavior of the performance of LETFs under different market conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conduct simulation analyses on a +3x LETF and a −3x LETF based on historical S&P 500 stock index returns, with asymmetric volatility incorporated into the model.

Findings

By incorporating the asymmetric volatility effect, the simulation results suggest that, contrary to the theoretical predictions, higher volatility does not always lead to more negative impact on LETFs’ performance. Rather, the performance depends on the market conditions under which high volatility occurs. The findings therefore help reconcile prior theoretical predictions with reported empirical findings.

Originality/value

The analysis adds to the literature by incorporating the asymmetric volatility effect of stock returns in studying LETFs’ performance. The authors also provide detailed explanations for the behavior of LETFs’ returns and compounding effect under different market conditions, thus providing contexts to prior empirical results.
Yield Curve Control and Zero Interest Rate Policy in a Small Open Economy
Authors: Jones Callum , Kulish Mariano
Published: August 2022

At the zero lower bound, the expected duration of zero interest rate policy has two dimensions which are key to understanding the stance of monetary policy: (i) the actual duration communicated by the central bank or expected by the private sector, and (ii) the duration prescribed by the underlying monetary policy rule—the rule that is in place in normal times. In a small open economy, the duration prescribed by the underlying monetary policy rule depends in part on foreign economic conditions. including foreign monetary policy. A monetary policy tightening abroad depreciates the exchange rate, increases inflation and shortens the duration prescribed by the monetary policy rule. We argue that a monetary policy strategy like yield curve control that aims to pin down a given duration is risky when economic shocks can change the duration prescribed by the underlying monetary policy rule.
Fermented shellfish condiments: A comprehensive review
Authors: Lu Yuyun , Teo Jun Ning , Liu Shao Quan
Published: August 2022

Fermented shellfish condiments are globally consumed especially among Asian countries. Condiments, commonly used as flavor enhancers, have unique sensory characteristics and are associated with umami and meaty aroma. The main reactions that occur during fermentation of shellfish include proteolysis by endogenous enzymes and microbial activities to produce peptides and amino acids. The actions of proteolytic enzymes and microorganisms (predominantly bacteria) are found to be largely responsible for the formation of taste and aroma compounds. This review elaborates different aspects of shellfish fermentation including classification, process, substrates, microbiota, changes in both physicochemical and biochemical components, alterations in nutritional composition, flavor characteristics and sensory profiles, and biological activities and their undesirable impacts on health. The characteristics of traditional shellfish production such as long duration and high salt concentration not only limit nutritional value but also inhibit the formation of toxic biogenic amines. In addition, this review article also covers novel bioprocesses such as low salt fermentation and use of novel starter cultures and/or novel enzymes to accelerate fermentation and produce shellfish condiments that are of better quality and safer for consumption.

Practical Application: The review paper summarized the comprehensive information on shellfish fermentation to provide alternative strategies to produce shellfish comdiments that are of better quality and safer for consumption.
Characteristics of First Nations patients who take their own leave from an inner‐city emergency department, 2016–2020
Authors: Hutton Jennie , Gunatillake Tilini , Barnes Deborah , Phillips Georgina , Maplesden Jacqueline , Chan Andrew , Shanahan Prudence , Zordan Rachel , Sundararajan Vijaya , Arabena Kerry , Quigley Alyssa , Pynor‐Greedy T'ia , Mason Toni
Published: August 2022

Objective

Using a strength‐based framework, we aimed to describe and compare First Nations patients who completed care in an ED to those who took their own leave.

Methods

Routinely collected adult patient data from a metropolitan ED collected over a 5‐year period were analysed.

Results

A total of 6446 presentations of First Nations patients occurred from 2016 to 2020, constituting 3% of ED presentations. Of these, 5589 (87%) patients waited to be seen and 857 (13%) took their own leave. Among patients who took their own leave, 624 (73%) left not seen and 233 (27%) left at own risk after starting treatment. Patients who were assigned a triage category of 4–5 were significantly more likely to take their own leave (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.67–3.77, P < 0.001). Patients were significantly less likely to take their own leave if they were >60 years (adjusted OR 0.69, 95% CI 1.01–1.36, P = 0.014) and had private health insurance (adjusted OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.45–0.84, P < 0.001). Patients were more likely to leave if they were women (adjusted OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.36, P = 0.04), had an unknown housing status (adjusted OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.44–2.15, P < 0.001), were homeless (adjusted OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.22–1.93, P < 0.001) or had a safety alert (adjusted OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.35–1.90, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

A lower triage category is a strong predictor of First Nations patients taking their own leave. It has been documented that First Nations patients are under‐triaged. One proposed intervention in the metropolitan setting is to introduce practices which expediate the care of First Nations patients. Further qualitative studies with First Nations patients should be undertaken to determine successful approaches to create equitable access to emergency healthcare for this population.
Radial‐EBUS and virtual bronchoscopy planner for peripheral lung cancer diagnosis: How it became the first‐line endoscopic procedure
Authors: Lachkar Samy , Perrot Loic , Gervereau Diane , De Marchi Marielle , Morisse Pradier Helene , Dantoing Edouard , Piton Nicolas , Thiberville Luc , Guisier Florian , Salaün Mathieu
Published: August 2022

Background

Various advanced bronchoscopy methods have been developed to reach peripheral lung lesions (PLL). In a large cohort, we aimed to assess a standardized procedure of first‐line radial‐endobronchial ultrasound (r‐EBUS) and virtual bronchoscopy planner for the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer.

Methods

This retrospective, single center study included patients who had r‐EBUS‐guided bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of a PLL between 2008 and 2019. Cases without a final diagnosis of cancer or follow‐up were excluded.

Results

Between 2008 and 2019, 2735 patients had a r‐EBUS procedure, among whom 1627 had a final diagnosis of cancer and were included in the present study. Over the 12‐year study period, r‐EBUS became the first‐line endoscopic procedure to assess PLL (25% as first‐line bronchoscopy in 2008 vs. 92% in 2019). The frequency of the bronchus sign decreased from 2009 to 2019 (100% to 80%; p = 0.001), whereas US visualization of the lesion remained stable (88%). The median number of biopsies increased from two (2008 to 2014) to four (2015 to 2019) (p < 0.0001), with the same diagnostic efficiency (74% total and 80% when a bronchus sign was present). Of the 651 adenocarcinomas, molecular analysis was possible in 86%. PD‐L1 expression analysis was possible in 81% of cases. During the study period, the lifetime of the radial probe increased from 57 procedures to 77 procedures/probe.

Conclusion

Because r‐EBUS and VB planner is easy to perform under local anesthesia, inexpensive and efficient it can be used as a first‐line procedure to assess peripheral lung cancer.
Intensive care unit resources and patient‐centred outcomes in severe COVID‐19: a prospective single‐centre economic evaluation
Authors: Schallner N. , Lieberum J. , Kalbhenn J. , Bürkle H. , Daumann F.
Published: August 2022

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, ICU bed shortages sparked a discussion about resource allocation. We aimed to analyse the value of ICU treatment of COVID‐19 from a patient‐centred health economic perspective. We prospectively included 49 patients with severe COVID‐19 and calculated direct medical treatment costs. Quality of life was converted into aggregated quality‐adjusted life years using the statistical remaining life expectancy. Costs for non‐treatment as the comparator were estimated using the value of statistical life year approach. We used multivariable linear or logistic regression to identify predictors of treatment costs, quality of life and survival. Mean (SD) direct medical treatment costs were higher in patients in ICU with COVID‐19 compared with those without (£60,866 (£42,533) vs. £8282 (£14,870), respectively; p < 0.001). This was not solely attributable to prolonged ICU length of stay, as costs per day were also higher (£3115 (£1374) vs. £1490 (£713), respectively; p < 0.001), independent of overall disease severity. We observed a beneficial cost‐utility value of £7511 per quality‐adjusted life‐year gained, even with a more pessimistic assumption towards the remaining life expectancy. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy provided no additional quality‐adjusted life‐year benefit. Compared with non‐treatment (costs per lost life year, £106,085), ICU treatment (costs per quality‐adjusted life‐year, £7511) was economically preferable, even with a pessimistic interpretation of patient preferences for survival (sensitivity analysis of the value of statistical life year, £48,848). Length of ICU stay was a positive and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation a negative predictor for quality of life, whereas costs per day were a positive predictor for mortality. These data suggest that despite high costs, ICU treatment for severe COVID‐19 may be cost‐effective for quality‐adjusted life‐years gained.
Summer grazing by three livestock species at moderate intensity enhances primary productivity and drives community divergence in a semi‐arid steppe
Authors: Li Yanlong , Shi Chunjun , Zhang Tongrui , Wang Hao , Yang Zhaoping , Tang Shiming , Li Frank Yonghong
Published: August 2022

Aims

The general effects of grazing by large herbivores on plant species composition and productivity are well known. Meanwhile, how different livestock species affect community structure is not fully understood. In northern China, livestock species composition is changing rapidly and hence, it is imperative to understand the resulting effects on grassland productivity and composition.

Location

Xilingol, Inner Mongolia, China.

Methods

We studied how grazing by three major livestock species affects typical steppe dominated by Leymus chinensis, Stipa grandis, Cleistogenes squarrosa and Carex korshinskyi, in a 4‐year field experiment using a random block‐design with four treatments (sheep, goat, cattle, no grazing), under summer grazing at moderate intensity. We calculated above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP) and a selectivity index (SI) based on biomass to quantify livestock forage preferences.

Result

We found that (i) sheep preferred Leymus chinensis and mixed subordinate species, cattle preferred Stipa grandis, and goat preferred Carex korshinskyi and Cleistogenes squarrosa. (ii) Consistent with these preferences, sheep increased the relative biomass of Stipa grandis, but reduced that of Carex korshinskyi; cattle reduced the relative biomass of Stipa grandis and Carex korshinskyi but increased that of mixed subordinate species; and goats reduced the relative biomass of Cleistogenes squarrosa and Carex korshinskyi but increased that of mixed subordinate species. (iii) Overall, grazing significantly increased ANPP, mainly due to an increase in ANPP of Leymus chinensis and subordinate species, at the cost of Stipa grandis.

Conclusions

Summer grazing by different livestock species at moderate intensity can increase ANPP, while livestock forage preferences can drive divergent changes in species composition. Our results also imply that livestock composition can be used as a mean to manage vegetation dynamics.
La mobilité forcée des personnes utilisatrices de drogue par injection et inhalation en situation d'itinérance à Montréal
Authors: Lesage‐Mann Élaine , Apparicio Philippe
Published: August 2022

Cet article s'intéresse à la mobilité forcée des personnes utilisatrices de drogue par injection ou inhalation en situation d'itinérance (PUDIISI) à Montréal (Canada). Plus spécifiquement, l'objectif est d'analyser quels sont les acteurs et comment ils contribuent à des évènements de mobilité forcée selon la perspective des PUDIISI, en lien avec trois besoins, soit ceux de base, d'acquisition de ressources financières et de consommation. Cent six entretiens semi‐dirigés ont été conduits auprès de cette population. Les résultats indiquent que, selon la perspective des PUDIISI, de nombreux acteurs – les policiers, les organismes communautaires, les pairs, l'administration municipale, les commerçants et les résidents – concourent à augmenter leur mobilité forcée dans leur quotidien. Concernant leurs besoins, les PUDIISI subissent le plus d'évènements de mobilité forcée lorsqu'ils consomment, dorment ou occupent l'espace public. Les policiers sont de loin les acteurs les plus impliqués dans ces évènements, souvent de façon répressive. Aussi, ils répondent à des plaintes formulées par d'autres acteurs (commerçants et résidents). Finalement, l'administration municipale, notamment à travers différentes réglementations, joue un rôle important dans la mobilité forcée des PUDIISI.
School connectedness mediates the association of social function with depressive symptoms in teenagers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Kappi Amani , Linares Ana Maria , Chung Misook Lee
Published: August 2022

Background

Depressive symptoms commonly co‐occur in teenagers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and poor social function is a known predictor of depressive symptoms. This study's purpose was to determine whether school connectedness mediates the association between social function and depressive symptoms in teenagers with ADHD.

Method

In this secondary analysis, we selected 313 (74%) of 425 teenagers with ADHD (male 72%, mean age = 15 years) who had completed data on depressive symptoms, social function, and school connectedness in the Fragile Families and Child Well‐Being Study. The mediation effect of school connectedness was tested by multiple regression using SPSS PROCESS macro with 5000 bootstrap samples controlling covariates (teenagers' age, gender, and race, their relationship with primary caregivers, type of school teenager attends, time of living with primary caregivers, and primary caregivers' education).

Results

Social function predicted depressive symptoms (direct effect = −0.132, 95% CI = −0.218, −0.045). School connectedness mediated the relationship between social function and depressive symptoms (indirect effect = −0.084; 95% CI = −0.130, −0.045).

Conclusion

This study points to the importance of considering school factors in understanding depression symptoms in children with ADHD. Also, clinicians should consider asking teenagers about school‐related factors such as school connectedness which is likely important in understanding the experience of depressive symptoms in this population. Identifying ways to help enhance school connectedness for young people with ADHD should be prioritized.
Foreign workers in the West: The regulation of migrant “Unfreedom” in Saskatchewan
Authors: Stevens Andrew
Published: August 2022

For the first time in generations prairie capitalism has come to rely on migrant labor. Specifically, a global division of labor that intersects with the constellation of Canada's foreign worker programs has shaped the contemporary political economic character of the “New Saskatchewan.” These programs function to construct labour markets for growing low‐wage industries that exist alongside high‐wage resource sector employment in Western Canada. Along with these developments, the provincial government has attempted to mitigate the “unfreedom” experienced by foreign workers through the development of theForeign Worker Recruitment and Immigration Act. The paper draws from data obtained through government access to information requests and unpacks the enforcement of migrant labor rights and efforts to confront status‐induced precarity in Saskatchewan.
Food insecurity, poor dietary intake and a lack of free meal uptake amongst 16–17‐year‐old college students in the northeast of England, UK
Authors: Graham Pamela Louise , Haskell‐Ramsay Crystal , Fothergill Melissa , Young Julie
Published: August 2022

Food insecurity in the UK has been described as a public health emergency. Although programmes exist to alleviate food insecurity for children and families, there is a lack of focus on 16–17 year olds across research, policy and practice. The current study set out to address this gap by investigating the food insecurity status and food intake of 16‐17‐year‐olds relative to current nutritional guidelines. An online, cross‐sectional survey design was utilised to collect data on self‐reported food security status, food intake and access to and uptake of free college meals. Eighty‐three students aged 16–17 years from two sixth form colleges based in the North East of England, UK participated. Food intake data were compared to current dietary recommendations on fruit and vegetable intake and high fat/salt/sugar foods; food intake was compared between food secure and food insecure young people. A minority of young people consumed enough fruit and vegetables to meet or exceed current 5‐a‐day dietary recommendations, but the majority of young people consumed two or more high fat/salt/sugar items, consumption of which was higher in food insecure young people. Additionally, despite almost half the current sample identifying as food insecure, only four young people reported being entitled to free college meals.The current study was the first to identify food insecurity and poor food intake specifically amongst 16–17 year olds in England. A lack of uptake of free college meals shows that current policy is not sufficient to address food insecurity amongst this group
Capitalism, Subsistence Farming, and the (New) Peasantries from the Perspective of the French Neorural Movement
Authors: Snikersproge Ieva
Published: August 2022

To problematize the idea of peasant autonomy in old capitalist societies, this paper will explore the evolution of two phenomena in present‐day France: peasantry, commonly understood as relatively autonomous small family farms that rely on subsistence farming, and the neorural movement, that is, urban‐to‐rural migration that has a counter‐cultural connotation. While peasantry is believed to be disappearing, the neorural movement is charged with “deradicalization” because it distances itself from subsistence farming. The juxtaposition of both phenomena shows that capitalism has transformed the countryside, making it difficult to live from agriculture. In old capitalist countries, peasant autonomy is no longer about subsistence farming but about achieving an economic equilibrium that increases autonomy from market pressures created by high input prices and low output values.
Design‐Driven Innovation with the JMGO Brand
Authors: Zhang Xi , Kim Taesun
Published: August 2022

Consumers are emphasizing “feeling and experience” during use, shifting in their demands from functional to emotional.

A technology‐driven projection company with a shrinking market turned itself around through design‐driven innovation to perfect the user experience.