bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analyses of Gut Microbiomes in Hycleus cichorii (Coleoptera: Meloidae) Adults Reveal Their Distinct Microbes, Microbial Diversity and Composition Associated to Food
Authors: Yi Chunyan , Gao Li , Zhang Cuicui , Wang Yanping , Liu Xu , Yang Yongli , Chen Song , Du Chao
Published: January 2025

Gut microbiota crucially affects metabolism and health. Hycleus cichorii Linnaeus has been listed as a medicinal insect in the Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China due to the presence of cantharidin, which has a curative effect on many cancers and skin diseases. In order to analyze the effects of dietary habits and gender on the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in H. cichorii and provide a basis for an artificial diet, in this study, the full‐length 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the gut microbiota of 35 H. cichorii adults, including wild female adults (WFA), wild male adults (WMA), female adults fed with luffa flowers (LFA), male adults fed with luffa flowers (LMA), female adults fed with artificial diet (AFA), and male adults fed with artificial diet (AMA). The results displayed that the major bacterial phyla present in the gut microbiota of the H. cichorii were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Teneriicutes, and Actinobacteria. The major bacterial genera were Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Ralstonia, Sebaldella, Dysgonomonas, Spiroplasma, Weissella, Klebsiella, and Serratia. Food habits had a significant effect on the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in H. cichorii, whereas gender did not exhibit a remarkable impact on the diversity and composition of gut microbiota. The artificially fed group of H. cichorii had more beneficial microorganisms in the intestine and higher food utilization efficiency. These results provide a basis for subsequent examination of gut microbiota in H. cichorii or other Coleoptera insects, as well as the artificial rearing of blister beetles.
Mesoporous Titania Thin Films‐Gold Nanoparticles Composites: A Comparative Study about the Role of Synthesis Variables on the Catalytic Response
Authors: Borovik Paula F. , Angelomé Paula C.
Published: January 2025

In this work, the preparation of catalysts based on spherical Au nanoparticles and mesoporous TiO2 thin films is presented, along with a systematic analysis of the effect of different synthetic variables on the catalytic activity of the composites. The Au nanoparticles (with diameters around 5 nm) were synthesized by in situ reduction inside the porous structure of amorphous TiO2 films with different pores sizes and pore arrangements. The effect of oxide thermal treatment, pore size, film thickness, and the amount of embedded Au nanoparticles on the catalytic activity was evaluated, using two different model reactions. The obtained results indicate that the proper selection of the oxide thermal treatment is key to obtain stable and durable composites, with a reproducible catalytic performance. Interestingly, several synthetic conditions led to equivalent catalytic activities. In particular, the film thickness and the total amount of Au particles did not significantly affect the reaction constants, indicating that the proportion of particles involved in the catalysis is low. Since the preparation of the composites involves several steps, the fact that such variables have a weak influence on the catalytic activity results very useful in ensuring an easy production of reproducible and active catalysts.
An Audit of Sport Nutrition Services Within Male and Female International Rugby Union: Implications for Research and Practice
Authors: Wilson Lara , Jones Ben , Backhouse Susan H. , Boyd Andy , Costello Nessan
Published: January 2025

To critically evaluate sport nutrition services available to male and female international rugby unions. Fifteen participants, representing 16 international rugby unions, including nine female and seven male teams (one participant worked with both a female and male union), responded to an online survey. Twelve of the unions recruited were ranked in the top 10 globally by World Rugby. Twelve unions employed accredited nutrition practitioners with significant experience (> 5 years: n = 5; > 10 years: n = 4) and advanced qualifications (master's degrees: n = 8; doctorates: n = 2). Three unions did not employ a qualified nutrition practitioner (female: n = 2; male: n = 1). Full‐time employment was more common among nutrition practitioners serving male (n = 4/5) versus female (n = 3/6) unions. Practitioners served male unions for more hours per week (42 ± 28) than female unions (24 ± 20). Practitioners were involved in sport science meetings (n = 14/15), anti‐doping education, menu design, strategy development (n = 13/15), body composition assessments, individual consultations (n = 12/15), focusing on fuelling, recovery and injury rehabilitation (n = 14/15). Participants were “moderately confident” (n = 8/15) in using behaviour change techniques. Most participants agreed on the lack of female‐specific nutrition guidance (n = 14/15), relying on guidance for male players due to limited evidence (n = 7/9). This study provides the first critical reflection of sport nutrition service delivery within international rugby. The findings highlight gender disparities for female players, with reduced applied support and a lack of female‐specific guidelines. Recommendations include enhancing practitioner training in behaviour change, hiring qualified nutritionists, deemphasising body composition assessment, and conducting more research to improve nutrition services, especially for women.
The Psychological, Cognitive, and Behavioural Effects of Starvation in Humans: A Scoping Review
Authors: Spettigue Wendy , Drouin Stéphanie , Isserlin Leanna , Palmert Sasha , Roscoe Clare , Harrison Megan , Kanbur Nuray , Bishop Jacquie , Norris Mark L.
Published: January 2025

Background

Research has highlighted the physical complications of starvation, but there is less research examining the psychological effects of starvation in humans.

Aims

This scoping review synthesises literature on the non‐physical effects of starvation in humans.

Method

Following PRISMA‐ScR guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Global Health for studies published between 1946 and 2023 examining the non‐physical effects of starvation in individuals aged 2–79 years, including those who were starved, malnourished, stunted, wasted, underweight, had a restrictive eating disorder, or were raised in famine conditions.

Results

From 16,555 abstracts, 851 articles on the effects of malnutrition were reviewed, and 318 were included. Among these, 35% focused on children and adolescents, 25.5% on adults with comorbid illnesses, 17% on older adults, 13% on those with eating disorders, 6% on adults without comorbidities, and 3.5% on famine survivors. Cognitive impairments were the most frequently reported effects in children. In adults and older adults, depression and anxiety were common, along with reduced cognitive functioning, reduced quality of life, social withdrawal, impaired sleep and impaired sexual functioning. Individuals with eating disorders experienced depression, anxiety, obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, emotion regulation difficulties, and cognitive impairment.

Conclusions

There is extensive evidence showing the detrimental non‐physical consequences of starvation in children and adults. These findings should inform research, clinical interventions, and educational materials addressing the effects of insufficient nutrition, including in those with restrictive eating disorders.
Effect of Prophylactic Intravenous Tranexamic Acid on Blood Loss After Vaginal Delivery: A Randomized Control Study
Authors: Shrestha Sajana , Uprety Shelisha , Shah Ravi , Kharel Brinda
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim

To determine the effect of prophylactic intravenous tranexamic acid on blood loss after vaginal delivery in women at low risk of postpartum hemorrhage.

Methods

Prospective randomized controlled study (RCT registration: researchregistry10144). Over the study duration of 12 months, a total of 226 parous women with singleton vaginal delivery at term pregnancy with cephalic presentation participated in the study. Participants with pre‐existing medical complications and obstetric complications were excluded from the study. Additionally, patients with a previous history of thromboembolism and allergy to tranexamic acid were also excluded from the study. The study participants were divided into two groups based on the intervention considered. This was done with a computer‐based random table generator. Group A received an intervention of 10 mL (1 g) of intravenous tranexamic acid while the other group received 10 mL of normal saline as a placebo immediately after delivery of the fetus. Blood loss was calculated by measuring the weights of blood‐soaked gauze, gowns, sheets, and tampons before and after delivery. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were done before and 12 h after delivery.

Results

Total number of participants were 226. The mean calculated blood loss and the mean measured blood loss was significantly less in Group A in comparison to Group B (379.17 ± 46.89 mL in Group A and 426.66 ± 58.45 mL in Group B, p < 0.001), (247.88 ± 67.03 mL in Group A and 368.95 ± 58.54 mL in group B, p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean decrease of hemoglobin after delivery was lower for Group A (1.45 ± 0.14) than for Group B (1.74 ± 0.24).

Conclusion

The use of prophylactic intravenous tranexamic acid is associated with reduced blood loss after vaginal delivery. Furthermore, research needs to be done.
A case of papillary renal cell carcinoma with para‐aortic lymph node metastasis that was completely resectable after treatment with combination therapy comprising lenvatinib and pembrolizumab and robot‐assisted radical nephrectomy
Authors: Hosoi Takayuki , Yoshioka Shunsuke , Hiraguri Akari , Kirihana Yusuke , Koguchi Tomoyuki , Tamaki Makoto , Irisawa Chiharu
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Combination therapy comprising immune checkpoint inhibitors and molecular targeted therapies can be effective for metastatic non‐clear cell renal cell carcinoma. We describe a patient with metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma that was completely pathologically resectable after combination treatment comprising lenvatinib and pembrolizumab and robot‐assisted radical nephrectomy.

Case presentation

A 35‐year‐old man was referred to our department for examination of a renal tumor that was diagnosed as left renal cell carcinoma with lymph node metastasis (cT3aN1M0). Because metastasis affected the renal artery, combination therapy comprising lenvatinib and pembrolizumab was initiated. After 6 months of treatment, the patient underwent robot‐assisted radical nephrectomy. The pathological results indicated papillary renal cell carcinoma with no viable cells in the lymph nodes.

Conclusion

Combination therapy comprising lenvatinib and pembrolizumab for unresectable papillary renal cell carcinoma may effectively allow radical resection and deferred cytoreductive nephrectomy.
Impact of continuous glucose monitoring in underserved adults with type 2 diabetes within the United States: A scoping review
Authors: Ndungu Martha , Babalola R. Oluwafunmito , Brand Melissa , Patel Ravi
Published: January 2025

Background

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has improved diabetes management but remains underused among low‐income populations who have a higher diabetes prevalence. With the additional consideration of socioeconomic factors limiting resources to maintain health, further understanding of the effectiveness of CGM in marginalized patients is needed. This scoping review synthesizes evidence on health outcomes impacted by CGM use in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving care in low‐income settings.

Methods

PRISMA‐ScR guidelines were used to identify studies through PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL. A search strategy combined MeSH terms and keywords reviewing titles and abstracts. The review included English‐language studies using CGM from inception to May 2024; participants 18 years or older with T2DM, and with the majority of patients meeting the pre‐defined low‐income status or the study being conducted in a pre‐defined low‐income setting. Studies in pregnant patients, meta‐analyses, and systematic reviews were excluded. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. The authors received no financial support for this research.

Results

The review identified 1176 studies, with 198 duplicates, resulting in 978 screened titles and abstracts. Forty‐six studies underwent full text review, and 31 were excluded. Ultimately, 15 studies (5 abstracts, 9 manuscripts, and 1 case report) met the review criteria. CGM use led to reductions in hemoglobin A1C levels across settings such as Federally Qualified Health Centers, clinics serving the underinsured, county health departments, and rural clinics. Other benefits included reduced hypoglycemia, improved glucose levels, and increased time in range.

Discussion

Studies described showed an improvement in diabetes‐related clinical outcomes with CGM use in low‐income patients. Limited amount of data in the studies was the main limitation of this review. Insights highlight the need for research on interventions to enhance CGM access and address barriers to promote health equity in underserved populations, especially as CGM becomes available over the counter.
CircPTK2 as a Valuable Biomarker and Treatment Target in Cancer
Authors: Yan Chengqiu , Du Yu , Cui Lihong , Bao Han , Li Hui
Published: January 2025

Circular RNA (CircRNA)s, a newly discovered type of noncoding RNAs, have been found to play a role in controlling the development and aggressiveness of tumors. Abnormal control of circRNA has been observed in various types of human cancers, including bladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), breast cancer, and gastric cancer (GC). CircRNAs possess binding sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) and function as miRNA sponges in posttranscriptional regulation. This mechanism has been documented to influence the course of cancer. Significantly, among these putative circRNAs, circular RNA protein tyrosine kinase 2 (circPTK2) exhibited increased expression and displayed a substantial association with adverse clinical characteristics and a negative prognosis. The production of these transcripts occurs via a back‐splicing mechanism. The enclosed conformation of circRNAs shields them from destruction and enhances their potential as biomarkers. Gaining insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes would aid in the development of treatment approaches and the discovery of new tumor markers. This article provides a comprehensive assessment of the latest research on the biosynthesis and features of circRNAs. It examines the role of circPTK2 in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis evaluation of cancer.
Artificial Intelligence in Fetal Growth Restriction Management: A Narrative Review
Authors: Pierucci Ugo Maria , Tonni Gabriele , Pelizzo Gloria , Paraboschi Irene , Werner Heron , Ruano Rodrigo
Published: January 2025

This narrative review examines the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in prenatal care, particularly in managing pregnancies complicated by Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR). AI provides a transformative approach to diagnosing and monitoring FGR by leveraging advanced machine‐learning algorithms and extensive data analysis. Automated fetal biometry using AI has demonstrated significant precision in identifying fetal structures, while predictive models analyzing Doppler indices and maternal characteristics improve the reliability of adverse outcome predictions. AI has enabled early detection and stratification of FGR risk, facilitating targeted monitoring strategies and individualized delivery plans, potentially improving neonatal outcomes. For instance, studies have shown enhancements in detecting placental insufficiency‐related abnormalities when AI tools are integrated with traditional ultrasound techniques. This review also explores challenges such as algorithm bias, ethical considerations, and data standardization, underscoring the importance of global accessibility and regulatory frameworks to ensure equitable implementation. The potential of AI to revolutionize prenatal care highlights the urgent need for further clinical validation and interdisciplinary collaboration.
Application Value of Myocardial Segmental Thickness Variability Measured by Echocardiography in Distinguishing Ischemic and Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Xu Can , Wang Dongjin
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical value of myocardial segmental thickness variability (STV) measured by echocardiography in distinguishing ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) from nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NIDCM).

Methods

This study included 120 patients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy, divided into ICM (n = 43) and NIDCM (n = 77) groups based on coronary angiography. Traditional echocardiographic parameters, STV, and regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) were compared. The diagnostic value of STV was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

There were no significant differences in traditional echocardiographic parameters between the groups. The NIDCM group had a significantly higher mean STV compared to the ICM group. An STV threshold of 0.768 provided a sensitivity of 86.0% and a specificity of 94.8% for distinguishing ICM from NIDCM. Combining STV with RWMA improved diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusion

STV measured by echocardiography is a valuable, noninvasive tool for differentiating between ICM and NIDCM, offering high sensitivity and specificity. This approach enhances diagnostic precision, supporting its use in clinical practice to guide appropriate treatment strategies.
Evidence of Involvement of the Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide in Restless Legs Syndrome
Authors: Mogavero Maria P. , Fowowe Mojibola , Sanni Akeem , Goli Mona , Lanza Giuseppe , L'Episcopo Francesca , Ferini‐Strambi Luigi , Mechref Yehia , Ferri Raffaele
Published: January 2025

Background

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensory‐motor disorder characterized by an urge to move the legs, often with unpleasant sensations, particularly during rest. Current treatments include iron supplementation, dopamine agonists, and opioids, but new therapeutic approaches are needed. The dysfunction of the A11 nucleus, which modulates dopaminergic transmission to the spinal cord, is thought to play a role in RLS pathophysiology. Calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), which is involved in pain modulation, may interact with A11 pathways, suggesting a role in RLS.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the involvement of CGRP in RLS by determining if CGRP‐related proteins are overexpressed in RLS patients.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 17 drug‐free RLS patients (mean age 55.8 years) and 17 age‐ and gender‐matched controls. Serum samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography‐parallel reaction monitoring‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐PRM‐MS/MS) to identify and quantify CGRP‐related proteins. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to differentiate between groups.

Results

PCA showed clear differentiation between RLS and control groups. Among 13 identified CGRP‐related proteins, 10 were dysregulated in RLS patients: 8 were upregulated, and 2 were downregulated, among them notable proteins such as S100A12, ADM, SRSF6, and ADM2.

Conclusions

This study indicates the significant involvement of CGRP and related proteins in RLS. This suggests these proteins may play roles in various aspects of the disorder. Further research is required to validate these findings and explore their clinical implications, including development of new treatment options that specifically address CGRP pathways. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A Liquid Metal‐Based Frequency Reconfigurable Patch Antenna With Cross Placed Fluidic Channel
Authors: Fang Xiaochuan , Qu Zhishu , Alqurashi Khaled Yahya , Kelly James. R. , Alkaraki Shaker M. M.
Published: January 2025

In this letter, a novel frequency reconfigurable antenna with the aid of liquid metal is presented. The proposed antenna incorporates a 3D‐printed fluidic channel, which is placed cross to the metallized part of radiator. Compared to general meandered channels, the proposed cross placed fluidic channel ensures less liquid metal to be consumed, whilst it achieves the same capability of frequency reconfiguration as a solid patch. More importantly, it allows the proposed antenna to have a promised total efficiency thorough its switchable frequencies. The proposed antenna can switch among 2.1, 2.6, 4.4, and 11 GHz, enabling it to be adopted in various applications.
Implicit neural representation‐based method for metal‐induced beam hardening artifact reduction in X‐ray CT imaging
Authors: Park Hyoung Suk , Seo Jin Keun , Jeon Kiwan
Published: January 2025

Background

In X‐ray computed tomography (CT), metal‐induced beam hardening artifacts arise from the complex interactions between polychromatic X‐ray beams and metallic objects, leading to degraded image quality and impeding accurate diagnosis. A previously proposed metal‐induced beam hardening correction (MBHC) method provides a theoretical framework for addressing nonlinear artifacts through mathematical analysis, with its effectiveness demonstrated by numerical simulations and phantom experiments. However, in practical applications, this method relies on precise segmentation of highly attenuating materials and parameter estimations, which limit its ability to fully correct artifacts caused by the intricate interactions between metals and other dense materials, such as bone or teeth.

Purpose

This study aims to develop a parameter‐free MBHC method that eliminates the need for accurate segmentation and parameter estimations, thereby addressing the limitations of the original MBHC approach.

Methods

The proposed method employs implicit neural representations (INR) to generate two tomographic images: one representing the monochromatic attenuation distribution at a specific energy level, and another capturing the nonlinear beam hardening effects caused by the polychromatic nature of X‐ray beams. A loss function drives the generation of these images, where the predicted projection data is nonlinearly modeled by the combination of the two images. This approach eliminates the need for geometric and parameter estimation of metals, providing a more generalized solution.

Results

Numerical and phantom experiments demonstrates that the proposed method effectively reduces beam hardening artifacts caused by interactions between highly attenuating materials such as metals, bone, and teeth. Additionally, the proposed INR‐based method demonstrates potential in addressing challenges related to data insufficiencies, such as photon starvation and truncated fields of view in CT imaging.

Conclusions

The proposed generalized MBHC method provides high‐quality image reconstructions without requiring parameter estimations and segmentations, offering a robust solution for reducing metal‐induced beam hardening artifacts in CT imaging.
Rapid quantitative MRI at 46 mT: Accelerated T1 and T2 mapping with low‐rank reconstructions
Authors: Dong Yiming , Najac Chloé , van Osch Matthias J. P. , Webb Andrew , Börnert Peter , Lena Beatrice
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To evaluate accelerated T1‐ and T2‐mapping techniques for ultra–low‐field MRI using low‐rank reconstruction methods.

Methods

Two low‐rank–based algorithms, image‐based locally low‐rank (LLR) and k‐space–based structured low‐rank (SLR), were implemented to accelerate T1 and T2 mapping on a 46 mT Halbach MRI scanner. Data were acquired with 3D turbo spin‐echo sequences using variable‐density poisson‐disk random sampling patterns. For validation, phantom and in vivo experiments were performed on six healthy volunteers to compare the obtained values with literature and to study reconstruction performance at different undersampling factors and spatial resolutions. In addition, the reconstruction performance of the LLR and SLR algorithms for T1 mapping was compared using retrospective undersampling datasets. Total scan times were reduced from 45/38 min (R = 1) to 23/19 min (R = 2) and 11/9 min (R = 4) for a 2.5 × 2.5 × 5 mm3 resolution, and to 18/16 min (R = 4) for a higher in‐plane resolution 1.5 × 1.5 × 5 mm3 for T1/T2 mapping, respectively.

Results

Both LLR and SLR algorithms successfully reconstructed T1 and T2 maps from undersampled data, significantly reducing scan times and eliminating undersampling artifacts. Phantom validation showed that consistent T1 and T2 values were obtained at different undersampling factors up to R = 4. For in vivo experiments, comparable image quality and estimated T1 and T2 values were obtained for fully sampled and undersampled (R = 4) reconstructions, both of which were in line with the literature values.

Conclusions

The use of low‐rank reconstruction allows significant acceleration of T1 and T2 mapping in low‐field MRI while maintaining image quality.
Nurse Practitioner Care Environments and Provider Shortages Among Patients With Multiple Chronic Conditions
Authors: McMenamin Amy , Turi Eleanor , Liu Jianfang , Martsolf Grant , Poghosyan Lusine
Published: January 2025

In health professional shortage areas (HPSAs), primary care providers face challenges due to high workloads and limited resources, impacting their ability to provide comprehensive care to patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs). In addition, patients in HPSA compared to non‐HPSA settings experience poorer outcomes. Nurse practitioners (NPs) play a crucial role in meeting MCC patients' needs, but some work in unfavorable care environments (e.g., lacking teamwork, support, and autonomy) that hinder their capacity to manage complex chronic diseases. This study examines the effect of NP care environments on the relationship between HPSA status and hospitalizations or emergency department (ED) visits among patients with MCCs. We conducted a secondary analysis of merged Medicare claims, NP survey data, and Health Resources and Services Administration data. Our sample included 779 practices with 394,424 Medicare beneficiaries aged 65+ who had at least two of 15 chronic conditions. We used logistic regression to evaluate the impact of HPSA status and the NP care environment on ED visits or hospitalizations. NP care environments moderate the association between HPSA status and hospitalization (AOR 1.165, 95% CI [1.037–1.309], p = 0.010) but not ED use. Improved care environments are associated with lower odds of hospitalization in non‐HPSAs (β = −0.148, 95% CI [−0.225, −0.072], p = 0.0001), while in HPSAs, improved care environments have no effect on hospitalization odds (β = 0.0047, 95% CI [−0.086, 0.096], p = 0.920). Addressing provider shortages in HPSAs may allow an improved NP care environment to produce maximal benefits for patients.
The Effect of European Health Literacy‐Based e‐Pulse Education and e‐Pulse Instructional Materials on Health Literacy Levels in Adults Aged 45–64: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gözüm Sebahat , Asi Ercan , Şıklaroğlu Merve , Şahin Süleyman , Öncel Selma , İmamoğlu Demet , Kanlı Suzan
Published: January 2025

e‐Pulse is an electronic personal health record system known as e‐Nabız in Turkey. This study compares the effect of European Health Literacy‐based e‐Pulse education and e‐Pulse instructional materials on the health literacy levels of adults aged 45–64 with inadequate and problematic‐limited health literacy levels. This single‐blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted from June 2023 to September 2023. It included 140 participants, assigned to either the intervention group (n = 70) or the active control group (n = 70). The intervention group received HLS‐EU‐based e‐Pulse education, which consisted of two 45‐min sessions over 6 weeks, along with the e‐Pulse user guide and introduction video. The active control group only received the e‐Pulse user guide and introduction video, and each participant was individually briefed on the e‐Pulse system content for 5–10 min. Results were measured using the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS‐EU‐Q47) and the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) at baseline and the sixth week. Both the intervention and active control groups showed an increase in health literacy and eHealth literacy scores, but the mean change was greater in the intervention group. A statistically significant difference was found in the effects of HLS‐EU‐based e‐Pulse education and e‐Pulse instructional materials on both health literacy (F (1, 137) = 25.215; p < 0.001) and eHealth literacy (F (1, 137) = 36.134; p < 0.001). HLS‐EU‐based e‐Pulse education significantly improved health literacy (d = 0.8492; p < 0.001) and eHealth literacy (d = 1.0175; p < 0.001) compared to e‐Pulse instructional materials. The intervention group demonstrated significantly higher rates of sufficient (32.9%) and excellent (12.9%) health literacy. Notably, a medium correlation (r = 0.602; p < 0.001) was observed between health literacy and eHealth literacy.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT05831254) https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05831254.
In Vitro, Anti‐Colon Cancer Activity of Green Dumbbell‐Shaped Rhododendron luteum‐Based Carbon Dots
Authors: Durmaz Alper , Mizan Kahyaoğlu İbrahim , Can Aytar Erdi , Danışman Kalındemirtaş Ferdane , Sert Esra , Erol‐Bozkurt Ayşe , Karakuş Selcan
Published: January 2025

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide and the third most common cancer overall. In this study, we investigate the anti‐colon cancer potential of phytochemically, and thermally synthesised novel green carbon dots based on Rhododendron luteum (RL‐CDs). A new synthesis method was used to produce carbon dots obtained from the Rhododendron luteum (RL) plant in an environmentally friendly manner. The green RL were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV‐Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and artificial intelligence (AI)‐based TEM analysis. The FTIR spectrum showed peaks corresponding to the hydroxyl (−OH) vibration of polyphenols at 3500 cm−1, the C=O vibration of cellulose derivatives at 1728 cm−1, and the C−O stretching of primary alcohol at 1041 cm−1. Two UV absorption peaks at roughly 253 nm (UV−C range), and 320 nm (UV−B range) were observed. The size of the green RL was measured to be less than 50 nm, and its morphology was characterized as dumbbell‐shaped through TEM analysis. In‐vitro studies were performed with HCT116 colon cancer, MCF‐7 breast cancer, and normal HUVEC cells. The results demonstrated that the RL‐CDs exhibited selective cytotoxic activity against HCT116 colon cancer cells. The results show that the RL extract stimulates cancer cell death by decreasing the CD44/24 ratio, and increasing apoptotic activity. These observations suggest that green RL‐CDs could be an effective anticancer agent in colon cancer therapy, investigating their potential in this direction could be a promising way for future research.
Advancing Green and Sustainable Approaches: Investigating the Impact of Carbohydrates on Silica‐Filled Natural Rubber Composites
Authors: Bera Abhijit , Manna Bharat , Ghosh Amit , Nanda Samik , Chattopadhyay Santanu
Published: January 2025

Reducing rolling resistance in heavy‐vehicle tyres, such as those used in trucks and buses, is crucial for lowering fuel consumption. Incorporating maximum silica filler into naturally derived elastomers, particularly cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene (CPI), presents a significant opportunity for the tyre industry to produce environmentally friendly and sustainable tyres with a reduced carbon footprint. However, achieving uniform dispersion of silica filler in CPI is challenging because of the disruption of silanization reactions by non‐rubber substances, primarily proteins and phospholipids, present in CPI. This study explores the introduction of various cost‐effective carbohydrates (i.e., Arabinose, Sucrose, Sorbitol, and Xylose) into the CPI matrix at different silica filler loadings to mitigate interference during silanization. Among these, the polyol group sugar alcohol, sorbitol, notably enhanced silica dispersion within the CPI matrix. The inclusion of sorbitol not only minimized rolling resistance but also improved processing behavior and significantly enhanced mechanical properties. The use of bio‐based sugar alcohols in tyre production holds promise for advancing the development of eco‐friendly and sustainable tyres. Molecular dynamics simulations of CPI with these carbohydrates and silica filler demonstrate minimal structural deviation in CPI and maximum network formation, particularly with sorbitol. The findings also confirm strong interactions between CPI's non‐rubber components and the OH/CHO groups of the carbohydrates.
The Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of Binimetinib Following a Single Oral Dose of [14C]Binimetinib 45 mg in Healthy Male Participants
Authors: Huynh Dustin , Hahn Erik , Reddy Micaela B. , Chavira Renae , Wollenberg Lance
Published: January 2025

Binimetinib is a MEK1/2 inhibitor particularly active in cells harboring activating mutations in the MAP kinase pathway, especially in BRAF and NRAS. Binimetinib, in combination with encorafenib, has received marketing approval in several jurisdictions for the treatment of patients with BRAF V600E or V600K mutant melanoma. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of binimetinib were evaluated by administering a carbon 14–labeled binimetinib 45 mg dose (containing 40 μCi of radiolabeled material) to 6 healthy male participants. A total of 62.3% of the radioactivity was eliminated in the feces, while 31.4% was eliminated in the urine. The overall recovery of radioactivity in the excreta for all 6 participants was 93.6% (3.27%), indicating that good mass balance was achieved. The total percentage of the dose in the excreta of all metabolites containing the N‐demethylation clearance of binimetinib by CYP1A2 and CYP2C19 was approximately 17.8%. The contribution of direct glucuronidation to the clearance of binimetinib was estimated to be 61.2% and represented the majority of the clearance. Additionally, excretion of unchanged binimetinib into the urine was estimated to have contributed 6.9% to the overall clearance. Based on study results, binimetinib is at least ≈ 50% absorbed, but based on its PK properties and because its glucuronide conjugates are unstable in the GI tract, absorption is thought to be significantly higher.
Students' Perspectives on Sustainability Competences and Pedagogical Approaches: Groupings and Interrelations Results From 17 International Case Studies
Authors: Lozano Rodrigo , Barreiro‐Gen Maria , Ortiz‐Martínez Gabriela , Mendoza Alberto , Segalàs Jordi , Caeiro Sandra , Simão João , Favi Claudio , Gładysz Bartłomiej , Alló María , Gago‐Cortés Carmen , Tortato Ubiratã , Mónus Ferenc , Pietikäinen Janna , Södervik Ilona , Ratvio Rami , Bostanci Sevket , Tóth Márta Dobróné , Benayas Javier , Munguía María Teresa Jiménez , Cervantes Déborah Xanat Flores , Díaz René Alejandro Lara , Corona Nelly Ramírez , Desha Cheryl , Hales Rob , Boddy Jennifer , Djekic Ilija , Caldera Savindi , Sáenz Orlando , Azizi Leyla , Sassen Remmer
Published: January 2025

Higher education institutions (HEIs) have been incorporating sustainability into their curricula, which is crucial for providing students with the skills and knowledge to help societies become more sustainable. During the last 15 years, there has been increasing research on sustainability competences and the pedagogical approaches to develop them. There have been proposals on lists of competences, pedagogical approaches, their groups and their links. However, most research has focused on the perspective of educators, with limited research from the students' perspective. This paper aims to provide the students' perspective of the groups of sustainability competences, groups of pedagogical approaches, and how these connect. A survey was developed for this purpose, which was applied to participants from 17 HEIs worldwide. The responses obtained were analysed in a five‐step process: Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlations, Principal Component analysis (PCA) to detect the competence and pedagogical approaches groups, correlations between the groups and regressions between the groups. The PCA analysis resulted in three competences' groups and confirmed the three pedagogical approach groups. The analyses showed differences in the competences' groups between the students' and educators' perspectives. The regression analysis groups shows how the pedagogical approach groups develop the competences' groups from the students' perspective. Developing sustainability competences requires a change in the higher educational system, where the educators' and students' perspectives need to converge so that the sustainability competence–based education model is more efficient and effective in educating the future leaders, decision‐makers, educators, management and professionals.
Mechanism of Formation and Decomposition of C6H5(O2•)C(OH)C6H4OH
Authors: Poskrebyshev Gregory A.
Published: January 2025

In the present theoretical study, the thermochemical properties of Ph(O2•)C(OH)PhOH and considered products of its oxidation are calculated using the DFT approaches (M062X, B3LYP, wB97XD, M08HX, MN15) at the 6−311++G(d, p) level of theory. The DFT values of ΔraHo(Yi) of the atomization of considered structures are corrected using the linear calibration dependencies reported for the peroxides as well as for the hydrocarbons (including aromatic and simple oxygenated compounds). The values of ΔfHo(Yi, CORR) ± 3SDi, derived from the corrected values of ΔraHo(Yi, CORR), are coordinated by the intersection of their 3SDi intervals, determined previously. The values of ΔfHo(Y, MEAN) ± 2SDY of the Ph(O2•)C(OH)PhOH (2F), Ph•─OO─C(OH)PhOH (3G), HOPh•─OO─C(OH)Ph (2G), PhC(OH)2PhOH (1H), Ph(O2H)C(OH)PhOH (4G) and Ph(O•)C(OH)PhOH (1G) (corresponded, respectively, to −159.4 ± 6,−55.2 ± 6,−61.5 ± 3.7,−385.8 ± 6,−293.4 ± 1.4,−148.9 ± 6 kJ/mol), as well as the values of Ea‡ = 127.8 ± 7, 121.2 ± 8, 17.2 ± 5, 19.4 ± 3 kJ/mol, determined, respectively, for the reactions (R21a), (R21b), (R22a), (R22b) and the values of the rate constants of associated reactions, are reported for the first time. According to calculations, the replacement of >C•H by OH group increases the values of dissociation energy (DE) of >C(X)─O2•, >C(X)O─O•, >C(X)O─H, PhC(X)OO─•PhOH, and HOPhC(X)OO─•Ph bonds, but decreases those values of >C(X)O2–H, HOPhC(X)OO•Ph, and PhC(X)OO•PhOH bonds. As a result of increased stability of the >C(X)─O2• bond (X = OH), the higher temperatures can be used for the chain production of p‐PhC(O2H)HPhOH and p‐PhC(O2H)(OH)PhOH at high concentrations of p‐PhCH2PhOH. On the contrary, the contribution of reactions (R21a) and (R21b) to the oxidation is significant under low concentrations of p‐PhCH2PhOH. Its also found that the stable intermediate O2 π–π cluster, predicted for the >C•(H) radical, is not observed for the reaction of >C•(OH) with O2, due to the formation of a hydrogen bond between the OH group and partially charged O2δ−.
Self‐Assembly of Nickel Cobalt Sulfide/MXene Microspheres for Supercapacitors With Excellent Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Wei Liguo , Liu Junyun , Zhao Lishuang , Wang Run , Zhang Xindan , Zhang Zihan , Bai Haihong
Published: January 2025

MXene, a novel 2‐D material known for its exceptional conductivity and high hydrophilicity, holds significant promise in advancing supercapacitor technology. However, its layered structure tends to self‐stack, hindering ion transport and limiting its specific capacitance. In this paper, nickel cobalt sulfide (NCS)/MXene self‐assembled microspheres were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. The introduction of NCS effectively mitigates MXene from self‐stacking, while providing abundant electrochemical active sites that enhance its performance. NCS/MXene demonstrates an exceptional specific capacitance of 2544.1 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, surpassing the specific capacitance of both pure MXene and NCS. Moreover, it exhibits outstanding stability, maintaining 96% of its capacity after 5000 cycles. When assembled into asymmetric supercapacitors, the device achieves a high energy density of 43.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 768.1 W kg−1. This work provides a simple and reliable method for the development of sulfide/MXene composite electrode materials for supercapacitors.
A Review on Advancements in Solid‐State Hydrogen Storage: The Role of Porous Hollow Carbon Nanospheres
Authors: Wahab Ahmad Tarmizi Abd , Abdulkadir Bashir Abubakar , Miskan Siti Nurqurratulainie , Khan Md. Maksudur Rahman , Setiabudi Herma Dina
Published: January 2025

The hydrogen economy provides an alternative energy source that can be adopted for a long period. One of its key components is an efficient storage system, which has become a topic of significant research interest to meet the energy goals set by the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US DOE outlines the criteria for suitable hydrogen storage materials, which include cost‐effectiveness (specifically $300/kg H2 by 2025 and ultimately $266/kg H2), moderate operation temperatures (233–358 K), high storage capacity (5.5 wt% 40 g/L 2025, 11 wt%, 79 g/L ultimate), efficient adsorption/desorption cycles, as well as long lifetime operation (1500 cycles). Nanomaterials, particularly porous hollow carbon nanospheres (PHCNs), have attracted considerable attention due to their high storage capacity and unique characteristics, such as high surface area, tunable pore size, and superior kinetics. As a result, PHCNs may help to increase the hydrogen storage capacity of the solid‐state hydrogen storage systems. This paper offered an in‐depth analysis of the applications of PHCNs in hydrogen storage, comprising their synthesis, characterization methods, infiltration techniques, and the recent progress on the catalytic effects of the materials concerning hydrogen storage. The review concluded with a suggestion for future studies to increase the storage capacity of PHCNs in solid‐state hydrogen storage systems comprehensively, as it represents a pivotal step toward a hydrogen‐based economy, promoting energy security, and carbon‐neutral energy cycles.
Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Color Stability and Surface Microhardness of Resin Composites After Gastric Acid Erosion
Authors: Aldhafyan Mohammed , Khan Rawaiz , Saeed Waseem Sharaf , Alturki Mohammed , Al‐Odayni Abdel Basit , Alkhalaf Reem , Alrahlah Ali
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to investigate the effect of gastric acidic on color stability and surface hardness of resin‐composites after 24 h acidic storage. Four bulk fill resin‐composites (FiltekTM, SureFil SDR, Tetric N‐Ceram, Beautifil Bulk) and one flowable composite (Dynamic Flow) were investigated using disk‐shaped specimen for each study group before and after 24 h acidic storage (1.2 pH) at 37 °C. Color changes (∆E00) were evaluated using spectrophotometer at baseline (24 h post‐irradiation: T1) and after 24 h of acidic storage (T2). Surface microhardness was measured at T1 and T2. The results inferred that, except FBF, all the study groups revealed significant and unacceptable color changes and reduction in microhardness. The ∆E00 ranged from 0.77 (FBF) to 28.73 (BBR) with FBF falls within an acceptable range (1.8). All the composites showed reduction in microhardness ranged from 20.48 (FBF) to 72.35 (BBR) with FBF showing the least reduction in microhardness. The data was analyzed by using one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey post‐hoc analysis for multiple comparisons at a significance level of α = 0.05. Within the limitations of this study, FBF demonstrated better performance in acidic solution by showing the least color changes and reduction in microhardness as compared with other groups.
Synergistic Entropy Engineering with Oxygen Vacancy: Modulating Microstructure for Extraordinary Thermosensitive Property in ReNbO4 Materials
Authors: Sun Hao , Xu Jianan , Wu Ruifeng , Chen Jia , Liu Yafei , Li Kai , Chang Aimin , Zhang Bo
Published: January 2025

The pursuit of high precision and stability simultaneously in high‐temperature thermistor fields is longstanding. However, most spinel or perovskite‐structured thermosensitive materials struggle to tolerate prolonged high‐temperature environments at the expense of sensitivity and stability. Here, a novel entropy engineering strategy involving vacancies is proposed to balance sensitivity and stability for fergusonite‐structured ReNbO4 (Re is a rare earth element) material in extreme environments. The synergistic effect of entropy stabilization and allovalent substitution on the A‐site generates unusually high concentrations of oxygen vacancy that improves the electronic structure and structural stability. Moreover, entropy engineering involving oxygen vacancies introduces potent and stable microstructural features including twinned domains, lattice distortion, and lattice reconfigurations, which facilitate stability and accuracy at a wide temperature range, thereby synergistically contributing to excellent thermosensitive properties. As‐prepared high‐entropy ceramics show low aging drift rates and high‐temperature measurement accuracy over the extended temperature range of 223–1423 K, exhibiting a competitive temperature coefficient of resistivity of 0.223%/K at 1423 K. This work not only provides valuable insights into the design of high‐temperature thermosensitive sensors but also establishes an effective paradigm for entropy engineering involving vacancies.
Exploring Green Pyrotechnic Formulations and Primary Explosives with 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole‐Based Micro and Submicron Energetic Coordination Polymers
Authors: Banik Shreyasi , Rajak Richa , Shreeve Jean'ne M. , Dharavath Srinivas
Published: January 2025

Alkali and alkaline‐earth metal incorporated 5,5′‐dinitramino‐3,3′‐azo‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (H2DNAO) based Energetic Coordination Polymers (ECPs), namely dipotassium 5,5′‐dinitramino‐3,3′‐azo‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole(K2DNAO), dicesium 5,5′‐dinitramino‐3,3′‐azo‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole(Cs2DNAO) and barium 5,5′‐dinitramino‐3,3′‐azo‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole(BaDNAO) are synthesized for the first time. Synthesized ECPs are thoroughly characterized using infrared spectroscopy (IR), elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA‐DSC), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV–vis spectroscopy. All ECPs are also confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction technique (SC‐XRD). The micro‐ECPs exhibit excellent densities (1.98–2.80 g cm−3), insensitivities (IS: 25‐40 J; FS: 240‐360 N), and good thermal stabilities (Td: 182–212 °C). K2DNAO and Cs2DNAO show good detonation performance (VOD:7460‐7893 m s−1; DP: 27.5‐30.6 GPa), respectively. To further investigate sub‐micron‐energetics, three sub‐micron ECPs are prepared from their micro counterparts using ultrasonication method, demonstrating significant improvement in thermal stability (Td: 194–221 °C) but are highly sensitivity (IS: 2‐15J; FS: 40‐360N). Burning tests of two experimental formulations using micro K2DNAO and Cs2DNAO demonstrate their potential in green pyrotechnic applications. Interestingly, the submicron‐counterparts show remarkable initiating capability. Considering their ease of synthesis, and safety profile, these materials can be effectively transported in their microform and can be rapidly converted into submicron‐form on demand, making them suitable for pyrotechnic applications.