bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Application of Semi-Analytical Diffraction Formulas to Predict Second-Order Dynamic Response of a TLP Floating Wind Turbine in Monochromatic Waves
Authors: Ronge Elie , Peyrard Christophe , Venugopal Vengatesan , Xiao Qing , Johanning Lars
Published: October 2022

Floating offshore wind Tension-Leg-Platform (TLP) concepts benefit from a reduced hull tonnage and limit response in vertical modes of motion through the use of pre-tensioned mooring lines to resist aero-hydrodynamic forces. However, this design choice requires an accurate prediction of extreme loadings in the mooring cables such as those generated from slack-line events. Literature shows that slacking events are better predicted when including higher-order hydrodynamic loading as these can generate high-frequency resonant responses in TLPs referred to as springing and ringing for second-order and third-order sum-frequency responses respectively. Therefore, understanding the amplitudes and phases of the various harmonics of the forces on TLP platform’s hulls can be an important aspect of their design.

This paper compares two common engineering methods for computing second-order loads, the strip theory and second-order potential flow approaches to be applied for a TLP type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT). Whilst the strip theory approach is computationally efficient for second-order force calculation on cylinders, its accuracy decreases with high radius to wavelength ratio. On the other hand, commercial BEM solvers compute second-order forces with a much higher degree of accuracy but they suffer from high computational time.

Therefore, a third method is proposed in this paper, aiming at combining better accuracy than with strip theory while keeping computational time low, by using semi-analytical equations in the form proposed by Huang & Eatock Taylor [1]. The harmonics of the force signal generated by unidirectional monochromatic waves on a truncated vertical cylinder in finite depth are compared with BEM and strip theory models to understand the difference of force amplitudes and phases between the various models and their exact domain of application. The comparison is then extended by applying the same method on the transition piece of an academic TLP while modelling the remainder of the structure with strip theory. The harmonics of motions and line tensions are then compared for the three models with particular attention given to springing response.

The results suggest the viability of applying semi-analytical potential flow solution as an alternative to the traditional strip theory methods for the estimation of springing response in TLP FOWTs in early design optimisation loops. However, the paper highlights the issues of their use on complex structures and proposes further work to determine their full potential.
LQR Optimal Control of Two-Rotor Wind Turbine Mounted on Spar-Type Floating Platform
Authors: El Beshbichi Omar , Xing Yihan , Ong Muk Chen
Published: October 2022

Interest is steadily growing for multi-rotor wind turbine concepts. This type of wind turbine offers a practical solution for scaling issues of large wind turbine components and for reduction of costs associated with manufacturing, logistics, and maintenance. However, the literature lacks thorough knowledge of the dynamic performance of multi-rotor wind turbine concepts installed on floating platforms. Previous research studied the dynamic response of a two-rotor wind turbine concept mounted on a spar-type floating platform (2WT). Platform yaw motion is a significant dynamic factor directly caused by differential turbulence intensity experienced by the two hubs coupled with the distribution of thrust loads on the tower structure. Blade-pitch control analysis also showed how the 2WT yaw response is extremely sensitive to the control strategy employed. In this work, LQR control is used to design an optimal controller for the 2WT prototype. Three LQR gain schedules corresponding to three operation regions are considered. An in-house tool for the dynamic analysis of multi-rotor floating wind turbines is used for linear state-space extraction and dynamic analysis. The control performance in different load conditions is assessed against the baseline OC3 PI control strategy and a PI-P control strategy in a previous paper presented by the authors.
On the Real Time Hybrid Modelling of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Using Ducted Fan(s)
Authors: Cinello Alexandre , Pétrié François , Rousse Benjamin , Le Cunff Cédric
Published: October 2022

Real-time hybrid modelling refers to the use, in real-time, of multiple modelling approaches to improve the overall accuracy of the representation of a complex system. In hydrodynamics, numerical models may not be able to capture non-linear effects such as viscous effects, greenwater, slamming, second or higher order loads and usually require calibration against basin model tests. On the other hand, the downscaling needed for the model test is difficult to achieve for a system submitted to both hydrodynamic and aerodynamic loadings. For some applications, couplings between the individual system components are so large that testing separately each component is not representative of the global system’s behaviour. For such applications, the real-time hybrid modelling, mixing in real-time (i.e. in the basin itself) numerical simulations and basin model tests, can solve this issue. This paper presents the application of such technique to a floating offshore wind turbine. The first basin tests were performed with a single fan and a turbine numerical model with rigid blades. For the second set of tests, the following improvements were made: on the experimental side, a dual rotating fans system was built and on the software side, the influence of blade flexibility was incorporated. Comparisons between the various modeling assumptions and experimental setups are presented. This is useful to define the required level of turbine representation based on the objectives of the basin tests.
Experimental Analysis of Mooring and Power Cable Dynamics When Using Elastic String Models
Authors: Somoano M. , Blanco D. , Rodríguez-Luis A. , Guanche R.
Published: October 2022

This work analyses the mooring and power cable dynamics in large-scale experimental tests carried out in the wave-current-tsunami flume (COCOTSU) facility at IHCantabria. The analysis is based on scaled elastic string models for a single chain-nylon mooring line and the dynamic cable of a 15MW floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) supported by a concrete semi-submersible platform (ActiveFloat) in Gran Canaria Island (Spain). Both scaled concepts in the 100 m deep site are developed within the framework of the project COREWIND. All the test campaign is planned to be fully monitored; hence two overlapped video cameras register the line kinematics while the tensions are recorded in its two extreme points.

The most difficult characteristic to fix in an elastic material at laboratory scale is the combined reproduction of axial and bending stiffness. On the one hand, to replicate the real axial stiffness in a chain-nylon mooring line, the first problem lies in finding a material capable of doing it with an acceptable hysteresis. The second issue consists in knowing the axial stiffness of the selected elastic material for each imposed oscillation, as it depends on the loading velocity. On the other hand, the limiting mechanical characteristic of the lazy-wave cable is the bending stiffness. To make the bending stiffness tests, we have previously built our own three-point bending flexural tester. 25 materials have been characterised to identify the best one for testing. From this analysis a database of materials has been derived.

For each of the configurations analysed, a set of 40 forced oscillation tests are planned to reproduce either mooring fairlead or power cable connector movements in surge. An initial tension-deformation test is followed by 28 combinations of harmonic excitations with two origins, two amplitudes and seven periods, and 11 irregular time series obtained from the resulting surge displacements of the platform when simulating in OpenFAST extreme and severe Design Load Cases 1.3, 1.6 and 6.1. Experimental data obtained are stored in an online repository to make it freely available to the wind energy sector. The ambitious reduced scale tests proposed provide enough cases to deliver a benchmarking database for numerical models calibration including forces at anchor and fairlead, as well as line shape.
Modeling Comparison of Flexible-Inflatable and Rigid Small-Scale Heaving Wave Energy Converters
Authors: Kelly Michael , Boerner Thomas , Alam Mohammad-Reza
Published: October 2022

In this paper we answer the question of how well flexible-inflatable absorbers of different materials and inflation pressures perform relative to their equivalent rigid absorber counterparts for a small-scale (2 m diameter) heaving wave energy converter (WEC) with time domain numerical modeling. Inflatable absorbers have the potential to significantly decrease shipping, installation, and structural materials costs when compared with rigid structures, but their performance has not been thoroughly investigated for realistic materials and with fluid-flexible structure interaction. In this paper we use a generalized modes approach for the flexible-inflatable rubber absorbers to see how adding structural flexibility affects performance. The modal mass and stiffness matrices and natural mode shapes of each flexible absorber are found using the ANSYS Structural package, after an initial inflation pressure prestress step. These values are then input into WAMIT, a linear potential flow solver, to find the hydrodynamic coefficients for the six rigid body modes and additional flexible modes. A time-domain model for the rigid and flexible WECs is developed in WEC-SIM, which uses the generalized mode hydrodynamics with a simple spring and damper power take-off (PTO) system to predict power performance for regular wave and irregular wave cases. The PTO is optimized from a discrete set to maximize power absorption or keep forces below 10 kN. The analyses show that adding structural flexibility can improve average power absorption (∼ −1% to +8%) but also lead to larger PTO forces (up to 15%), with differences depending on sea state parameters. The results also suggest that a rigid absorber can be replaced by an inflatable with the same PTO system at this scale and the power performance will not be affected. By analyzing these different scenarios, device developers and potential marine energy customers will have a better understanding of the feasibility of using inflatable absorbers for many of the differing applications that make up the growing blue economy.
A Perspective of Decommissioning Methods for Bottom-Fixed Offshore Wind Turbines
Authors: Salahshour Soheil , Ong Muk Chen , Skaare Bjørn , Jiang Zhiyu
Published: October 2022

The number of decommissioning activities in the offshore wind industry will increase in the coming years as many wind turbines reach their planned service lifetimes. Cost-effective solutions for decommissioning are important considering the levelized cost of energy of offshore wind farms. In addition to the existing challenges in marine operations such as waiting for suitable weather window, logistics and availability of the vessels, the limited experience in offshore wind decommissioning makes the process more challenging regarding the fact that the size of current installations of offshore wind turbines is growing considerably and more preparation and competence are required in association with new projects. In this paper, a review of existing decommissioning methods for offshore bottom-fixed wind turbines is provided first. The removal of wind turbines’ foundation and transition piece, on which significant duration of decommissioning operation is spent, is identified as a critical element, and is focused on. The decommissioning challenges and the decommissioning techniques implemented in previous projects are studied. These include partial and complete removals of foundations. These techniques and methods will be investigated thoroughly.
Power Production From a Hydrokinetic Device: Mass of Water Turbine
Authors: Lamei Azin , Hayatdavoodi Masoud , Moir Stuart
Published: October 2022

Water current interaction with a hydrokinetic energy converter is studied by use of computational fluid dynamics. Mass of water turbine (MOWT) consists of several thin paddles attached to a conveyor, that are allowed to rotate around the hull. As the incoming current passes under the current energy converter, the paddles move to the direction of the water flow. The motion of the paddles is converted to electricity through the power take-off system of the device. In this study, a two-dimensional computational current tank is generated and the current-structure interaction of a simple geometry is studied. Good agreement between the computed forces and existing data for the same geometry are observed. The velocity and the pressure fields around the MOWT are determined and discussion is provided on the velocity and pressure distribution around the body. Moreover, the forces on individual paddles of the MOWT are computed and compared with the empirical relations. It is found that the current-induced force on the leading paddle is substantially different from that on the downstream paddles due to the change of the flow field. For efficient energy production from this device, optimization is necessary to find a suitable configuration. To obtain an optimum design of the MOWT, the effect of the configuration of the paddles is investigated by considering several combinations and assessing the current-induced loads on the paddles.
A Combined Nonlinear Mooring-Line and Umbilical Cable Dynamics Model and Application
Authors: Yim Solomon C. , Chen Ming , Ai Shangmao
Published: October 2022

Subsea umbilical cable modeling has been widely employed in solving practical engineering problems, including wave energy converter (WEC) array system, offshore oil and gas platforms and floating production systems, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) in naval operations, and oceanographic mapping, monitoring, and sampling. For analysis and design of these systems, an accurate, efficient, and reliable computational model is necessary. In this study, a combined nonlinear mooring-line and umbilical dynamics with bending capability (MUDB) model is developed and validated. The newly developed model is integrated into an open-source wave energy converter simulator, WEC-Sim and used to simulate and analyze the practical offshore WEC and WEC array system. A two-body floating point absorber (FPA) WEC system is simulated and analyzed. The accurate predictions in both statics and dynamics demonstrate the outstanding capabilities of the model applied in analyzing the WEC dynamic response and WEC design. Then the integration model is applied to simulate and analyze a section of advanced WEC array design of the FPA system by adding a power cord to the FPA spar connected to a floating static hub.
Control of infection by LC3-associated phagocytosis, CASM, and detection of raised vacuolar pH by the V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis
Authors: Wang Yingxue , Ramos Maria , Jefferson Matthew , Zhang Weijiao , Beraza Naiara , Carding Simon , Powell Penny P. , Stewart James P. , Mayer Ulrike , Wileman Thomas
Published: October 2022

The delivery of pathogens to lysosomes for degradation provides an important defense against infection. Degradation is enhanced when LC3 is conjugated to endosomes and phagosomes containing pathogens to facilitate fusion with lysosomes. In phagocytic cells, TLR signaling and Rubicon activate LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) where stabilization of the NADPH oxidase leads to sustained ROS production and raised vacuolar pH. Raised pH triggers the assembly of the vacuolar ATPase on the vacuole membrane where it binds ATG16L1 to recruit the core LC3 conjugation complex (ATG16L1:ATG5-12). This V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis is also activated in nonphagocytic cells to conjugate LC3 to endosomes containing extracellular microbes. Pathogens provide additional signals for recruitment of LC3 when they raise vacuolar pH with pore-forming toxins and proteins, phospholipases, or specialized secretion systems. Many microbes secrete virulence factors to inhibit ROS production and/or the V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis to slow LC3 recruitment and avoid degradation in lysosomes.
LC3-associated endocytosis and the functions of Rubicon and ATG16L1
Authors: Magné Joëlle , Green Douglas R.
Published: October 2022

LC3-associated endocytosis (LANDO) is a noncanonical function of the autophagy machinery, in which LC3 (microtubule-associated protein light chain) is conjugated to rab5-positive endosomes, using a portion of the canonical autophagy pathway. LANDO was initially discovered in a murine model of Alzheimer’s disease as a critical regulator of amyloid-β receptor recycling in microglial cells, playing a protective role against neuronal loss and memory impairment. Recent evidence suggests an emerging role of LANDO in cytokine receptor signaling and innate immunity. Here, we discuss the regulation of two crucial effectors of LANDO, Rubicon and ATG16L1, and their impact on endocytosis, autophagy, and phagocytosis.
Elephant facial motor control
Authors: Kaufmann Lena V. , Schneeweiß Undine , Maier Eduard , Hildebrandt Thomas , Brecht Michael
Published: October 2022

We studied facial motor control in elephants, animals with muscular dexterous trunks. Facial nucleus neurons (~54,000 in Asian elephants, ~63,000 in African elephants) outnumbered those of other land-living mammals. The large-eared African elephants had more medial facial subnucleus neurons than Asian elephants, reflecting a numerically more extensive ear-motor control. Elephant dorsal and lateral facial subnuclei were unusual in elongation, neuron numerosity, and a proximal-to-distal neuron size increase. We suggest that this subnucleus organization is related to trunk representation, with the huge distal neurons innervating the trunk tip with long axons. African elephants pinch objects with two trunk tip fingers, whereas Asian elephants grasp/wrap objects with larger parts of their trunk. Finger “motor foveae” and a positional bias of neurons toward the trunk tip representation in African elephant facial nuclei reflect their motor strategy. Thus, elephant brains reveal neural adaptations to facial morphology, body size, and dexterity.
Efficient solid-state infrared-to-visible photon upconversion on atomically thin monolayer semiconductors
Authors: Duan Jiaru , Liu Yanping , Zhang Yongqing , Chen Zeng , Xu Xuehui , Ye Lei , Wang Zukun , Yang Yang , Zhang Delong , Zhu Haiming
Published: October 2022

Upconverting infrared light into visible light via the triplet-triplet annihilation process in solid state is important for various applications including photovoltaics, photodetection, and bioimaging. Although inorganic semiconductors with broad absorption and negligible exchange energy loss have emerged as promising alternative to molecular sensitizers, currently, they have exclusively suffered from low efficiency and contained toxic elements in near-infrared (NIR)–to–visible upconversion. Here, we report an ultrathin bilayer film for NIR-to-visible upconversion based on atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) monolayer semiconductors. The atomic flatness and strong light absorption of 2D monolayer semiconductors enable ultrafast energy transfer and robust NIR-to-visible emission with a high upconversion quantum yield (1.1 ± 0.2%) at modest incident power (260 mW cm
−2
). Increasing layer thickness adversely quenches the upconversion emission, highlighting the 2D advantage. Considering the whole library of 2D semiconductors, the facile large-scale production and the ultrathin solid-state architecture open a new research field for solid-state upconversion applications.
Microfluidic bioprinting of tough hydrogel-based vascular conduits for functional blood vessels
Authors: Wang Di , Maharjan Sushila , Kuang Xiao , Wang Zixuan , Mille Luis S. , Tao Ming , Yu Peng , Cao Xia , Lian Liming , Lv Li , He Jacqueline Jialu , Tang Guosheng , Yuk Hyunwoo , Ozaki C. Keith , Zhao Xuanhe , Zhang Yu Shrike
Published: October 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of vascular tissues that are mechanically and functionally comparable to their native counterparts is an unmet challenge. Here, we developed a tough double-network hydrogel (bio)ink for microfluidic (bio)printing of mono- and dual-layered hollow conduits to recreate vein- and artery-like tissues, respectively. The tough hydrogel consisted of energy-dissipative ionically cross-linked alginate and elastic enzyme–cross-linked gelatin. The 3D bioprinted venous and arterial conduits exhibited key functionalities of respective vessels including relevant mechanical properties, perfusability, barrier performance, expressions of specific markers, and susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pseudo-viral infection. Notably, the arterial conduits revealed physiological vasoconstriction and vasodilatation responses. We further explored the feasibility of these conduits for vascular anastomosis. Together, our study presents biofabrication of mechanically and functionally relevant vascular conduits, showcasing their potentials as vascular models for disease studies in vitro and as grafts for vascular surgeries in vivo, possibly serving broad biomedical applications in the future.
Impact of aging and oxidative stress on specific components of excitation contraction coupling in regulating force generation
Authors: Xu Hongyang , Ahn Bumsoo , Van Remmen Holly
Published: October 2022

Muscle weakness associated with sarcopenia is a major contributor to reduced health span and quality of life in the elderly. However, the underlying mechanisms of muscle weakness in aging are not fully defined. We investigated the effect of oxidative stress and aging on specific molecular mechanisms involved in muscle force production in mice and skinned permeabilized single fibers in mice lacking the antioxidant enzyme CuZnSod (
Sod1
KO) and in aging (24-month-old) wild-type mice. Loss of muscle strength occurs in both models, potentially because of reduced membrane excitability with altered NKA signaling and RyR stability, decreased fiber Ca
2+
sensitivity and suppressed SERCA activity via modification of the Cys
674
residue, dysregulated SR and cytosolic Ca
2+
homeostasis, and impaired mitochondrial Ca
2+
buffering and respiration. Our results provide a better understanding of the specific impacts of aging and oxidative stress on mechanisms related to muscle weakness that may point to future interventions for countering muscle weakness.
Main group catalysis for H
2
purification based on liquid organic hydrogen carriers
Authors: Hashimoto Taiki , Asada Takahiro , Ogoshi Sensuke , Hoshimoto Yoichi
Published: October 2022

Molecular hydrogen (H
2
) is one of the most important energy carriers. In the midterm future, a huge amount of H
2
will be produced from a variety of hydrocarbon sources through conversion and removal of contaminants such as CO and CO
2
. However, bypassing these purification processes is desirable, given their energy consumption and environmental impact, which ultimately increases the cost of H
2
. Here, we demonstrate a strategy to separate H
2
from a gaseous mixture of H
2
/CO/CO
2
/CH
4
that can include an excess of CO and CO
2
relative to H
2
and simultaneously store it in N-heterocyclic compounds that act as liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), which can be applied to produce H
2
by subsequent dehydrogenation. Our results demonstrate that LOHCs can potentially be used for H
2
purification from CO- and CO
2
-rich crude H
2
in addition to their well-established use in H
2
storage.
Evolution of inflammation and immunity in a dengue virus 1 human infection model
Authors: Waickman Adam T. , Lu Joseph Q. , Fang HengSheng , Waldran Mitchell J. , Gebo Chad , Currier Jeffrey R. , Ware Lisa , Van Wesenbeeck Liesbeth , Verpoorten Nathalie , Lenz Oliver , Tambuyzer Lotke , Herrera-Taracena Guillermo , Van Loock Marnix , Endy Timothy P. , Thomas Stephen J.
Published: October 2022

Dengue virus (DENV) infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the tropics and subtropics. More than 400 million infections are estimated to occur every year, resulting in nearly 100 million symptomatic infections and more than 20,000 deaths. Early immune response kinetics to infection remain unclear, in large part due to the variable incubation period exhibited by the DENVs after introduction into a susceptible host. To fill this knowledge gap, we performed a comprehensive virologic and immunologic analysis of individuals experimentally infected with the underattenuated DENV-1 strain 45AZ5. This analysis captured both the kinetics and composition of the innate, humoral, and cellular immune responses elicited by experimental DENV-1 infection, as well as virologic and clinical features. We observed a robust DENV-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody response that manifested between the appearance of DENV-specific IgM and IgG in all challenged individuals, as well as the presence of a non-neutralizing/NS1-specific antibody response that was delayed relative to the appearance of DENV virion–specific humoral immunity. RNA sequencing analysis revealed discrete and temporally restricted gene modules that correlated with acute viremia and the induction of adaptive immunity. Our analysis provides a detailed description, in time and space, of the evolving matrix of DENV-elicited human inflammation and immunity and reveals several previously unappreciated immunological aspects of primary DENV-1 infection that can inform countermeasure development and evaluation.
Provocateurs of autoimmunity within the gut microbiota
Authors: Upadhyay Rabi , Littman Dan R.
Published: October 2022

An arthritogenic strain of
Subdoligranulum
in the gut elicits a local immune response, a precursor to systemic autoimmunity (Chriswell
et al.
).
Emergence of KPC-31, a KPC-3 Variant Associated with Ceftazidime-Avibactam Resistance, in an Extensively Drug-Resistant ST235 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolate
Authors: Faccone Diego , de Mendieta Juan M. , Albornoz Ezequiel , Chavez Magali , Genero Fabiana , Echegorry Mariano , Ceriana Paola , Mora Andrea , Seah Christine , Corso Alejandra , Melano Roberto G. , Pasteran Fernando
Published: October 2022

A ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant KPC-producing
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strain was isolated in Argentina from a tracheal aspirate. The patient was treated with ceftazidime-avibactam in combination with other agents for 130 days.
Activities of Manogepix and Comparators against 1,435 Recent Fungal Isolates Collected during an International Surveillance Program (2020)
Authors: Pfaller M. A. , Huband M. D. , Rhomberg P. R. , Bien P. A. , Castanheira M.
Published: October 2022

We evaluated the
in vitro
activity of manogepix and comparator agents against 1,435 contemporary fungal isolates collected worldwide from 73 medical centers in North America, Europe, the Asia-Pacific region, and Latin America during 2020. Of the isolates tested, 74.7% were
Candida
spp.; 3.7% were non-
Candida
yeasts, including 27
Cryptococcus neoformans
var.
grubii
(1.9%); 17.1% were
Aspergillus
spp.; and 4.5% were other molds.
The Role of Microorganisms and Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratios for Microbial Protein Production from Bioethanol
Authors: Van Peteghem L. , Sakarika M. , Matassa S. , Rabaey K.
Published: October 2022

The global protein demand is rapidly increasing at rates that cannot be sustained, with projections showing 78% increased global protein needs by 2050 (361 compared to 202 million ton
protein
/year in 2017). In the absence of dedicated mitigation strategies, the environmental effects of our current food production system (relying on agriculture) are expected to surpass the planetary boundaries—the safe operating space for humanity—by 2050.
Increasing the Thermodynamic Driving Force of the Phosphofructokinase Reaction inClostridium thermocellum
Authors: Hon Shuen , Jacobson Tyler , Stevenson David M. , Maloney Marybeth I. , Giannone Richard J. , Hettich Robert L. , Amador-Noguez Daniel , Olson Daniel G. , Lynd Lee R.
Published: October 2022

The ability to control the distribution of thermodynamic driving force throughout a metabolic pathway is likely to be an important tool for metabolic engineering. The phosphofructokinase reaction is a key enzyme in Embden-Mayerhof-Parnas glycolysis and therefore improving the thermodynamic driving force of this reaction inC. thermocellumis believed to enable higher product titers.
FliL Differentially Interacts with Two Stator Systems To Regulate Flagellar Motor Output in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Zhang Ling , Wu Zhengyu , Zhang Rongjing , Yuan Junhua
Published: October 2022

FliL emerged as a modulator of flagellar motor function in several bacterial species, but its function in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
was unknown. Here, by performing single-motor studies using a bead assay, we elucidated its effects on the flagellar motor in
P. aeruginosa
.
Differential Response to the Course of Cryptosporidium parvum Infection and Its Impact on Epithelial Integrity in Differentiated versus Undifferentiated Human Intestinal Enteroids
Authors: Lamisere Hymlaire , Bhalchandra Seema , Kane Anne V. , Zeng Xi-Lei , Mo Devons , Adams Walter , Estes Mary K. , Ward Honorine D.
Published: October 2022

Cryptosporidium
is a leading cause of diarrhea and death in young children and untreated AIDS patients and causes waterborne outbreaks. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying diarrhea and intestinal dysfunction are poorly understood.
Small Colonies, Bigger Problems? New Evidence That Staphylococcus aureus Small Colony Variants Can Worsen Lung Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis Rats
Authors: Fischer Anthony J.
Published: October 2022

Staphylococcus aureus
is the most prevalent cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogen. During chronic airway infections,
S. aureus
adaptation to antibiotics includes evolving small colony variants (SCVs).
Role of Staphylococcus aureus Formate Metabolism during Prosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Bertrand Blake P. , Heim Cortney E. , West Sean C. , Chaudhari Sujata S. , Ali Hesham , Thomas Vinai C. , Kielian Tammy
Published: October 2022

Biofilms are bacterial communities characterized by antibiotic tolerance.
Staphylococcus aureus
is a leading cause of biofilm infections on medical devices, including prosthetic joints, which represent a significant health care burden. The major leukocyte infiltrate associated with
S. aureus
prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs), which produce IL-10 to promote biofilm persistence by inhibiting monocyte and macrophage proinflammatory activity.
Lactobacilli, a Weapon to Counteract Pathogens through the Inhibition of Their Virulence Factors
Authors: Colautti Andrea , Orecchia Elisabetta , Comi Giuseppe , Iacumin Lucilla
Published: October 2022

To date, several studies have reported an alarming increase in pathogen resistance to current antibiotic therapies and treatments. Therefore, the search for effective alternatives to counter their spread and the onset of infections is becoming increasingly important.
What Glues the Glue to the Cell Surface?
Authors: Fiebig Aretha
Published: October 2022

In the
Caulobacterales
, a highly adhesive polysaccharide called the holdfast mediates attachment to exogenous surfaces. The mechanism by which this polysaccharide is anchored to the cell envelope is not well defined.
Antagonism of the Azoles to Olorofim and Cross-Resistance Are Governed by Linked Transcriptional Networks in Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: van Rhijn Norman , Hemmings Sam , Storer Isabelle S. R. , Valero Clara , Bin Shuraym Hajer , Goldman Gustavo H. , Gsaller Fabio , Amich Jorge , Bromley Michael J.
Published: October 2022

Aspergillosis is a spectrum of diseases and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. To treat these diseases, there are a few classes of antifungal drugs approved for clinical use.
The Vi Capsular Polysaccharide of Salmonella Typhi Promotes Macrophage Phagocytosis by Binding the Human C-Type Lectin DC-SIGN
Authors: Zhang Lillian F. , Lepenies Bernd , Nakamae Sayuri , Young Briana M. , Santos Renato L. , Raffatellu Manuela , Cobb Brian A. , Hiyoshi Hirotaka , Bäumler Andreas J.
Published: October 2022

Salmonella entericasubspeciesentericaserovar Typhi is the causative agent of typhoid fever. The recent emergence ofS.Typhi strains which are resistant to antibiotic therapy highlights the importance of vaccination in managing typhoid fever.
Harnessing the Power of Model Organisms To Unravel Microbial Functions in the Coral Holobiont
Authors: Puntin Giulia , Sweet Michael , Fraune Sebastian , Medina Mónica , Sharp Koty , Weis Virginia M. , Ziegler Maren
Published: October 2022

Stony corals build the framework of coral reefs, ecosystems of immense ecological and economic importance. The existence of these ecosystems is threatened by climate change and other anthropogenic stressors that manifest in microbial dysbiosis such as coral bleaching and disease, often leading to coral mortality.
Complete Genome Sequence of Limosilactobacillus reuteri Strain VHProbi M07, Isolated from Breast Milk
Authors: Cui Hongchang , Wu Songjie , Duan Zhi
Published: October 2022

The probiotic strain of
Limosilactobacillus reuteri
VHProbi M07 was isolated from fresh breast milk. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of this strain. The whole genome comprised 2,041,530 bp with a GC content of 38.89%.
Complete Genome Sequence and Characteristics of Mycobacteriophage IkeLoa
Authors: Wheatley Hannah R. , Kushner Sarah R. , Baliraine Frederick N.
Published: October 2022

Mycobacteriophage IkeLoa is a lytic myovirus. It has a circularly permuted 155,280-bp genome containing 233 putative protein-coding genes, 32 tRNA genes, one tmRNA gene, and 64.7% G+C content. The RNA genes are distributed in five clusters across the genome. Only 28% of IkeLoa’s protein-coding genes can be assigned functions.
Large-Scale Evaluation of a Rapid Fully Automated Analysis Platform to Detect and Refute Outbreaks Based on MRSA Genome Comparisons
Authors: Raven Kathy E. , Bragin Eugene , Blane Beth , Leek Danielle , Kumar Narender , Rhodes Paul A. , Enoch David A. , Thaxter Rachel , Brown Nicholas M. , Parkhill Julian , Peacock Sharon J.
Published: October 2022

It has been clearly established that genome sequencing of MRSA improves the accuracy of health care-associated outbreak investigations, including the confirmation and exclusion of outbreaks and identification of patients involved. This could lead to more targeted infection control actions but its use in clinical practice is prevented by several barriers, one of which is the availability of genome analysis tools that do not depend on specialist knowledge to analyze or interpret the results.
The Effect of
Limosilactobacillus reuteri
on Social Behavior Is Independent of the Adaptive Immune System
Authors: Dooling Sean W. , Sgritta Martina , Wang I-Ching , Duque Ana Luiza Rocha Faria , Costa-Mattioli Mauro
Published: October 2022

Because preclinical animal studies support the idea that gut microbes could represent novel therapeutics for brain disorders, it is essential to fully understand the mechanisms by which gut microbes affect their host’s physiology. Previously, we discovered that treatment with
Limosilactobacillus reuteri
selectively improves social behavior in different mouse models for autism spectrum disorder through the vagus nerve, oxytocin reward signaling in the brain, and biopterin metabolites (BH4) in the gut.
Elimination of Foreign Sequences in Eukaryotic Viral Reference Genomes Improves the Accuracy of Virome Analysis
Authors: Chen Junjie , Sun Yue , Yan Xiaomin , Ren Zilin , Wang Guoshuai , Liu Yuhang , Zhao Zihan , Yi Le , Tu Changchun , He Biao
Published: October 2022

High-throughput sequencing-based viromics highly depends on reference databases, but foreign contamination is widespread in public databases and often leads to confusing and even wrong conclusions in genomic analysis and viromic profiling. To address this issue, we systematically detected and identified the contamination in the largest viral sequence collections of GenBank and UniProt based on a stringent scrutiny pipeline.
Metagenomic Features Characterized with Microbial Iron Oxidoreduction and Mineral Interaction in Southwest Indian Ridge
Authors: Zhong Ying-Wen , Zhou Peng , Cheng Hong , Zhou Ya-Dong , Pan Jie , Xu Lin , Li Meng , Tao Chun-Hui , Wu Yue-Hong , Xu Xue-Wei
Published: October 2022

Microbial activities and interactions with minerals and venting fluid in active hydrothermal vents remain unclear in the ultraslow-spreading SWIR (Southwest Indian Ridge). Understanding about how minerals influence microbial metabolism is currently limited given the obstacles in cultivating microorganisms with sulfur or iron oxidoreduction functions.
Using Vitek MS v3.0 To Identify Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Liquid Media in a Clinical Microbiology Laboratory
Authors: Luo LiuLin , Liang Li , Zhang RanRan , Chen WeiWei , Yu FangYou , Zhao Yanlin , Yue Jun
Published: October 2022

Rapid and accurate identification of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is essential for diagnosis, appropriate therapy, and infection control. Vitek MS v3.0 matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as a rapid and reliable method for identifying mycobacteria in clinical laboratories.
Plant Signals Anticipate the Induction of the Type III Secretion System in Pseudomonas syringae pv.
actinidiae
, Facilitating Efficient Temperature-Dependent Effector Translocation
Authors: Puttilli Maria Rita , Danzi Davide , Correia Cristiana , Brandi Jessica , Cecconi Daniela , Manfredi Marcello , Marengo Emilio , Santos Conceição , Spinelli Francesco , Polverari Annalisa , Vandelle Elodie
Published: October 2022

Plant diseases—their occurrence and severity—result from the impact of three factors: the host, the pathogen, and the environmental conditions, interconnected in the disease triangle. Time was further included as a fourth factor accounting for plant disease, leading to a more realistic three-dimensional disease pyramid to represent the evolution of disease over time.
Multiplexed Target Enrichment Enables Efficient and In-Depth Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistome in Metagenomes
Authors: Li Yiming , Shi Xiaomin , Zuo Yang , Li Tian , Liu Lu , Shen Zhangqi , Shen Jianzhong , Zhang Rong , Wang Shaolin
Published: October 2022

ARGs, an increasing global threat to human health, can be transferred into health-related microorganisms in the environment by horizontal gene transfer, posing a serious threat to public health. Advancing profiling methods are needed for monitoring and predicting the potential risks of ARGs in metagenomes.
One Health Analysis of
mcr
-Carrying Plasmids and Emergence of
mcr-10.1
in Three Species of Klebsiella Recovered from Humans in China
Authors: Liu Melissa Chunjiao , Jian Zijuan , Liu Wenen , Li Junhua , Pei Na
Published: October 2022

Reports of
mcr-1
and
mcr-8
are common in China; however, few studies have reported
mcr-9
and
mcr-10
. One reason is that the newly described variants can be phenotypically colistin susceptible and thus may not be identified.
Development of a High Efficient Compound Surfactant for Foam Drainage in Gas Wells
Authors: Dong Jie , Dong Sanbao , Miao Zhipeng , Wang Qingchen , Li Yongfei , Qu Chengtun , Chen Gang
Published: October 2022

In this study, the foaming properties of a compound surfactant formula containing cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), cocamidopropyl betaine (CDAB), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-7 (AEO7) and sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate (AOST) were evaluated to meet the application requirements for foam generation and foam drainage in gas wells. The results exhibited that the foaming volume and the half-life of the compound surfactant solution (0.05 wt % CTAC + 0.7 wt % CDAB + 0.6 wt % AEO7 + 0.05 wt % AOST) can reach the values of 550 mL and 23 min, respectively, which suggested that the foaming ability and stability were improved in comparison with each solution containing a single surfactant. It showed that the surface tension can be lowered to 22.4 mN/m with the presence of the compound surfactants. Simultaneously, the microstructure of the foam was observed using a polarizing microscope, and it was found that there were almost no polyhedron structures in the foam within a certain range of formula concentrations. The results of the experiments also clarify that the formula has well properties of temperature resistance and salt resistance (measured using a high-speed agitator).
Ten sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation for chronic chikungunya arthralgia: study protocol for a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Nascimento Abraão Sérvulo do , Cavalcante Antônio Felipe Lopes , Araújo Thiago Anderson Brito De , da Silva João Danyell Dantas , Silva-Filho Edson , Okano Alexandre , Peroni Gualdi Lucien , Pegado Rodrigo
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The chikungunya virus infection is still an epidemic in Brazil with an incidence of 59.4 cases per 100 000 in the Northeast region. More than 60% of the patients present relapsing and remitting chronic arthralgia with debilitating pain lasting for years. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) appears promising as a novel neuromodulation approach for pain-related networks to alleviate pain in several pain syndromes. Our objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of tDCS (C3/Fp2 montage) on pain, muscle strength, functionality and quality of life in chronic arthralgia.

Methods and analysis

This protocol is a single-centre, parallel-design, double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial. Forty participants will be randomised to either an active or sham tDCS. A total of 10 sessions will be administered over 2 weeks (one per weekday) using a monophasic continuous current with an intensity of 2 mA for 20 min. Participants will be evaluated at baseline, after the 10th session, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after intervention. Primary outcome: pain assessed using numeric rating scale and algometry. Secondary outcomes: muscle strength, functionality and quality of life. The effects of stimulation will be calculated using a mixed analysis of variance model.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairí, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (No. 2.413.851) and registered on the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials. Study results will be disseminated through presentations at conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

RBR-469yd6.
Truncal sensory polyneuropathy in light-chain amyloidosis
Authors: Clarke Antonia J , Carroll Antonia S , Bryant Christian , Halmagyi Gabor M
Published: October 2022

We describe a case of truncal sensory polyneuropathy in a patient with light-chain amyloidosis. We highlight the clinical signs and differential diagnoses related to the presentation.
Cadmium chloride generates cytotoxic reactive species that cause oxidative damage and morphological changes in human erythrocytes
Authors: Iqbal Zarmin , Quds Ruhul , Mahmood Riaz
Published: October 2022

Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) is a widely used industrial compound that exhibits multiple organ toxicity. Cadmium is transported through blood where erythrocytes are exposed to its action. Here the effect of CdCl2 on human erythrocytes was examined under in vitro conditions. Human erythrocytes were treated with 0.01–0.5 mM CdCl2 for 24 h at 37 °C. Lysates were made from CdCl2 treated and untreated (control) cells and used for further analysis. CdCl2 treatment resulted in marked hemolysis of erythrocytes and oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin. This will result in anemia and also reduce the oxygen carrying ability of erythrocytes. Hemoglobin oxidation was accompanied by degradation of heme and release of free ferrous iron moiety. Further analysis showed elevated lipid hydroperoxides and formation of advanced oxidation protein products along with reduction in total sulfhydryl content, indicating the generation of oxidative stress condition in the cell. Incubation of erythrocytes with CdCl2 enhanced generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, decreased the antioxidant power and inhibited pathways of glucose metabolism. Plasma membrane was damaged as indicated by enhanced osmotic fragility and inhibition of membrane bound enzymes. This was confirmed by electron microscopy which showed formation of echinocytes. These results show that CdCl2 generates reactive species which impair the antioxidant system resulting in oxidative damage to erythrocytes.
Hierarchical remote preparation of arbitrary dimensional equatorial states
Authors: Li Qi , Ma Song-Ya , Tang Jie
Published: October 2022

Hierarchical remote preparation of equatorial states has practical applications but has not been studied before. We first propose a deterministic protocol for two-dimensional equatorial states via a four-qubit cluster state. The sender can asymmetrically transmit the secret state to any one of the three agents who are ranked in terms of their authorities. A set of useful measurement bases is elaborately constructed which plays a key role in the protocol. Then the protocol is generalized to high-dimensional system. Further, taking advantage of cluster state’s symmetry, we give a universal protocol with multiple agents. The high-grade agent needs the assistance of the remaining high-grade agents as well as one of the low-grade agents. While the low-grade agent needs the cooperation of all the other agents. The agents’ recovery operators are expressed by a general formula which clearly reveals the relationship with the measurement results. Additionally, the impact of two kinds of noise is analyzed.
Numerical analysis of significance of multiple shape factors in Casson hybrid nanofluid flow over a rotating disk
Authors: Ramasekhar Gunisetty , Reddy P. Bala Anki
Published: October 2022

The goal of this paper is to identify the consequences of Darcy–Forchheimer flow (DFF) on electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of graphene oxide–iron oxide hybrid nanofluid over a rotating disk in a porous medium with viscous dissipation. The set of obtained ordinary differential equations had been solved with the corresponding boundary conditions using a numerical method called fourth-order Runge–Kutta method along with the shooting technique. The impact of the pertinent parameters on the dimensionless flow and temperature field profiles is shown using graphs. Also the nondimensional skin friction factor is stated in tabular form. The results state that as there is an increase in the value of porosity parameter, the velocity profile then diminishes. As shown in the outcomes, we accomplish that in this modeling, platelets have higher influence than the blade, brick, and cylinder. Due to nanoparticles, graphene oxide–iron oxide nanocomposite exhibits anti-microbial capabilities. These studies suggest that graphene oxide–iron oxide nanocomposite may be used to remove natural solvents and water filter.