bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Development of a Three-Winding Coupled- Inductor DC-DC Converter Topology with SwitchStress
Authors: S Sanjay , G Ashok kumar. , gopal Renu , B Sowmidharan
Published: May 2024

This proposed paper presents a DC-DC boost converter topology for low input and high output voltage applications, such as photovoltaic systems, fuel cell systems, high-intensity discharge lamp (HID), and electric vehicles. The suggested configuration consists of a three-winding coupled-inductor, a single switch and two hybrid voltage multiplier cells. Furthermore, two independent hybrid voltage multiplier cells are in parallel when the single switch S is turned on, and they are in series when the switch S is turned off. So the advantages of the proposed converter structure are summarized as follows: a) A coupled inductor with three windings is introduced in the presented converter structure.The two secondary windings of the coupled inductor are respectively used to form a hybrid multiplier cell on the one hand, on the other hand, it increases the control freedom of the voltage gain, enhances the utility rate of magnetic core and power density, and reduces the stress of power components to provide a stable constant dc output voltage. b) The two hybrid multiplier cells can absorb synchronously the energy of stray inductance, which not only reduces the current stress of corresponding diodes, but also greatly alleviates the spike voltage of the main switch, which improves the efficiency. c) The two hybrid multiplier cells are connected in series to supply power energy for the load, so the voltage gain is extended greatly due to this particular structure.
Presence of Cutaneous Signs of Insulin Resistance with Central Obesity (CO-CSIR) in Asian Indians is a sensitive physical sign of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)
Authors: Gora Anamika , Tiwari Pradeep , Saxena Aditya , Mandia Rajendra , Gupta Shalu , Lamoria Ravinder Kumar , Mathur Sandeep Kumar
Published: May 2024

Aim and objectives: To investigate cutaneous sign of insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans (AN) and acrochordon (AC) in individual of central obesity (CO-CSIR) as a physical sign for prediction of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the underlying adipose tissue pathology and the consequent pathophysiological trait in Asian Indians.
Methods: Design: Single center cross sectional study. Study subjects: 371 (aged 51.7±12.4; M: F ratio 210:161). Following parameters were investigated: Physical signs: cutaneous signs of insulin resistance, BMI, WC, HC, WHR, blood pressure. Biochemical parameters: FBG, lipid profile, HbA1c, HOMA-β. HOMA-IR. Radiological parameters: Abdominal visceral, subcutaneous and ectopic liver fat by MRI. Molecular Parameters: Genome wide transcription profile of adipose tissue biopsies in 85 individuals undergoing surgery for other indications.
Results: AN, AC and both were present respectively 50(13.3%), 27(7.2%) and 75(20.2%) individuals and they absent 216 individuals. Presence of AN and AC were associated with significantly higher BMI (6.4 X10-5), W:H ratio (0.04), WC (9.5 X 10-7), HOMA-IR (0.0002), glucose (1.11 x 10-10) and prevalence of T2D (100%) and MetS (83%). AC as compared to AN was associated with more ectopic fat and higher IR.CO-CSIR was found to be the best physical sign of MetS (94.8% sensitivity,57.5 % specificity, 86.4 precision with 95.1F1 score). MetS negative CO-CSIR individuals show high IR, ectopic fat deposition, hyperglycemia and prevalence of T2D.
Conclusion: CO-CSIR a promising physical sign of MetS and the underlying adipose tissue driven dysmetabolism in Asian Indians.
Capacity Assessment of the National Medicines Regulatory Authority in a Low -income Country
Authors: Thomas Fawzi , Abiri Onome T. , Conteh Thomas A. , Awodele Olufunsho
Published: May 2024

Background: Access to medical products of the required efficacy, quality and safety is essential for everyone’s health and wellbeing. To achieve this milestone, every country needs a robust and strong performing National Regulatory Authority (NRA) that is independent and outcome oriented. With the help of the World Health Organization (WHO), the global benchmarking tool is the gold standard used to assess the regulatory capacity of NRAs.
Objectives: This study assessed the capacity of the National Medicines Regulatory Authority in Sierra Leone to perform its regulatory functions.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A self-administered questionnaire was used for the quantitative approach, and the qualitative aspect consisted of a desk review looking at key regulatory documents such as laws, regulations, policies, guidelines, standard operating procedures and reports. The data collection tool used was the WHO global benchmarking tool (GBT) for “Evaluation of National Regulatory System of Medical Product Version VI.
Results: The majority of the participants had a postgraduate degree (60%), and 72% had over 10 years of experience working at the NRA. Out of 251 sub-indicators assessed, 85 (34%) sub-indicators were fully implemented. Of the eight (8) functions assessed, sub-indicators related to clinical trial oversight and vigilance were the most common, with 67% and 62%, respectively. Of the 9 indicators assessed, 79% of the sub-indicators that are related to quality and risk management were implemented. The results of this study showed that PBSL operates at maturity level 1. The absence of laws and regulations that give PBSL the mandate to perform its regulatory functions was a major challenge even though other indicators were met. The study reported other challenges toward effective functioning, including but not limited to a lack of sufficient staff, weak enforcement of the sale of medicines and a poorly equipped quality control laboratory.
A newly isolated high-yield siderophores from Trichoderma viride XZ11-1 with high antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum and growth-promoting ability in bananas
Authors: Cui HaiYang , Cheng Qifeng , Jing Tao , Chen Yufeng , Li XiaoJuan , Zhang Miaoyi , Qi Dengfeng , Feng Junting , Vafadar Farinaz , Wei Yongzan , Li kai , Zhao Yankun , Zhou Dengbo , Wang Wei , Xie Jianghui
Published: May 2024

Background: Fusarium wilt of banana, a soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum (f.sp.) cubense, particularly the Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4), severely hinders the progress of the banana industry. Utilizing antagonistic microorganisms to suppress pathogen growth and enhance banana production is seen as a promising strategy for disease management.
Results: Strain XZ11-1, exhibiting the highest siderophore production ability, was isolated from the Qixianling Tropical Rainforest in Hainan province, China. Through a combination of colony morphology, physiological and biochemical analysis, as well as a dual-gene analysis of ITS4 and TEF1, the strain was identified as Trichoderma viride. Following optimization of fermentation conditions, strain XZ11-1 produced siderophores with a relative content of 79.45%, identified as both hydroxamate siderophores and carboxylate-type siderophores. Additionally, strain XZ11-1 demonstrated potent antifungal activity against 10 phytopathogenic fungi. Co-cultivation experiments revealed that under iron-limiting conditions, siderophores were the primary factor inhibiting the growth of Foc TR4. Notably, the siderophores produced by strain XZ11-1 exhibited a stimulating effect on maize seed germination and effectively colonized the roots of banana plants. Pot experiments further demonstrated that Trichoderma viride XZ11-1 could suppress the growth of Foc TR4 by competing for iron in the environment through siderophore mediation. Moreover, it could enhance iron absorption by banana plants by secreting siderophores to bind with Fe3+ in the environment.
Conclusions: Therefore, the high-yield siderophores produced by Trichoderma viride XZ11-1 represent a valuable microbial resource for controlling plant pathogenic fungi and promoting plant growth.
Prevalence, Classifications and Factors Associated With Sexual Dysfunction among Adult Cancer Patients on Chemotherapy at Uganda Cancer Institute, Mbarara
Authors: Oenga Joel Nyanchiri , Tamukong Robert , Isiiko John , Gibu Sibali Gidimali , Yadesa Tadele Mekuriya , Kule Gidion
Published: May 2024

Background: Sexual dysfunction is one of the social challenges that devastate many people among them cancer patients, but which is considered non-medical and often disregarded. Chemotherapeutics used among cancer patients are potential risk factors for development of SD and such understanding of these risk factors can lead to numerous interventions to bypass their effects on sexual life.
Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence, classifications and factors associated with sexual dysfunctions among cancer patients on chemotherapy.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 214 cancer patients at the Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in south western Uganda for a period of 3 months from August to October 2023. A systematic sampling technique was employed in the study; a questionnaire was used to collect patient data. Standardized female sexual function index and international index of erectile function tools were used to classify types of sexual dysfunctions among women and men respectively. Sexual dysfunction associated factors were analyzed by logistic regression using stata version 17.
Results: Two hundred and fourteen participants were enrolled 127 males and 87 females with a median age of 50 years; overall 90 (42.06%) of the patients, 68 (54.33 %) of males and 21 (24.14%) of females) experienced at least one domain of sexual dysfunction. At presentation majority of men 43 (33.86%) reported overall sexual dissatisfaction, while majority of the female 15 (18.39%) patients reported decreased sexual desire others being reduced arousal and vaginal pain. The multivariate logistic regression identified the independent risk factors for sexual dysfunctions: female gender (aOR 3.99, 95% CI 1.93-8.25; p value =0.001), Gastro intestinal cancers (aOR 3.46, 95% CI 1.34-8.93; p value =0.010) and anthracyclines (aOR 4.26, 95% CI 1.02, 17.76; p value=0.047) were statistically significant independent risk factors of sexual dysfunctions.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there is a high prevalence of sexual dysfunctions among cancer patients at the Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. In male patients, the overall sexual dissatisfaction is the most prevalent while decreased sexual desire is prevalent in female. Routine screening of sexual functions should be encouraged among all patients receiving chemotherapies. Female patients, those diagnosed with gastro-intestinal cancers, and those on regimens containing anthracyclines should be more closely monitored for sexual dysfunction.
Moving beyond species: Fungal function in house dust provides novel targets for potential indicators of mold growth in homes
Authors: Balasubrahmaniam Neeraja , King Jon C. , Hegarty Bridget , Dannemiller Karen C.
Published: May 2024

Background:
Increased risk of asthma and other respiratory disease is associated with exposures to microbial communities growing in damp and moldy indoor environments. The exact causal mechanisms remain unknown, and occupant health effects have not been consistently associated with any species-based mold measurement methods. We need new quantitative methods to identify homes with potentially harmful fungal growth that are not dependent upon species. The goal of this study was to identify genes consistently associated with fungal growth and associated function under damp conditions for use as potential indicators of mold in homes regardless of fungal species present. A de novo metatranscriptomic analysis was performed using house dust from across the US, incubated at 50%, 85%, or 100% equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) for one week.
Results:
Gene expression was a function of moisture (adonis2 p<0.001), with fungal metabolic activity increasing with increase in moisture condition (Kruskal-Wallis p=0.003). Genes associated with fungal growth such as sporulation (n=264), hyphal growth (n=62) and secondary metabolism (n=124) were significantly upregulated at elevated ERH conditions when compared to the low 50% ERH (FDR-adjusted p≤0.001, log2FC≥2), indicating that fungal function is influenced by damp conditions. A total of 67 genes were identified as consistently associated with the elevated 85% or 100% ERH conditions and included fungal developmental regulators and secondary metabolite genes such as brlA (log2FC=7.39, upregulated at 100% compared to 85%) and stcC (log2FC=8.78, upregulated at 85% compared to 50%).
Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate that moisture conditions more strongly influence gene expression of indoor fungal communities compared to species presence. Identifying genes indicative of microbial growth under damp conditions will help develop robust monitoring techniques for indoor microbial exposures and improve understanding of how dampness and mold is linked to disease.
Statistically Inspired Discrepancy Detection for Anomalous Spatio-Temporal Graphs
Authors: Tiwari Atharv , Chatterjee Shreyash , Padmakumar Siddharth , Nair Sushanth , Das Bhaskarjyoti
Published: May 2024

Anomaly detection in dynamic graphs is a critical topic with applications in many fields, such as fraud detection and network security. This paper tackles the difficulties in locating abnormalities in time-varying graphs by presenting a novel divide-and-conquer method. We combine Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) to predict future node values on temporal graphs, followed by a macro and micro-level analysis. At the macro level, we present a novel algorithm to extract correlation-based subgraphs. The values obtained for each subgraph allow us to concentrate on subgraphs that show significant anomalies, effectively minimizing the challenges in node-level anomaly detection. This is followed by a micro-level analysis of the node contributions and temporal properties within the identified anomalous subgraphs. By combining macro and micro-level analysis with a machine learning-based approach, our method provides an efficient approach for zoning in on anomalies, significantly speeding up computation.
Peroneus Longus Autograft versus Hamstring Autograft in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: One-year Follow-up Comparative Study
Authors: Mostafa Ibrahim Ahmed , Zayed Emad Mohamed , Ibrahim Islam Ibrahim Mohammad
Published: May 2024

Background: Most injuries to the knee ligaments that occur in sports and accidents involve the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). ACL reconstruction (ACLR) aids in restoring knee function and stability. The main autograft options available are the hamstring tendon (HT) and the bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB).
Objectives: To compare the function and outcomes of the knee and ankle following ACLR using peroneus longus tendon (PLT) and hamstring tendon (HT) autografts.
Patients and methods: Patients who underwent isolated single-bundle ACL reconstruction were divided into two groups. (hamstring tendon and peroneus longus tendon groups) and observed for one year. The functional scores of the knee (IKDC, Lysholm and modified Cincinnati) were assessed preoperatively and 1 year after surgery, as was thegraft diameter intraoperatively. Ankle morbidity was assessed using the AOFAS, FADI and VAS-FA scores in the peroneus longus group, in addition to thigh circumference measurements in both groups.
Results: One hundred thirty patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were assigned to two groups (peroneus longus, n=65; hamstring, n=65). No significant differences in functional scores were observed between the groups. A significantly larger graft was observed in the peroneus longus group. The peroneus longus group showed excellent donor ankle function based on functional scores.
Conclusion: PLT full-thickness autografts provide a stable painless knee, with an excellent range of motion and improved quality of life, comparable to those of hamstring tendon autografts at the one-year follow-up, with less thigh hypotrophy and excellent ankle function.
Assessment of Complementary Feeding Practices and Associated Factors among Infants Aged from 6-24 months in Hargeisa, Republic of Somaliland: A Cross-Sectional Study in 2024"
Authors: Hassan Hamse Kh. , Ahmed Abdeta M. , Ahmed Mohamed A.
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives: The weaning process from the breast milk to intake of other foods and drinks, during infancy is a very crucial stage whereby a child is vulnerable to malnourishment should proper feeding practices not be put into practice. This work was essentially important to assess the prevalence and associated factors of appropriate complementary feeding practice among infants aged from 6-24 months in Hargeisa, Republic of Somaliland 2024. .
Methods: A descriptive cross- sectional study was carried out among the primary health facilities in Hargeisa. The multistage sampling approach was very used and recruited 370 mother-and-child pairs. The data collection was done through the pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire with the WHO infant and young children feeding indicators (IYCF) IBM SPSS version 23 was employed to go into and encode quantitative data. data was presented in descriptive statistics using tables and figures by computing the frequencies and percentages of Appropriate complementary feeding practices, Bivariate logistic regression analyses was done to identify candidate variables for adjusted regression at p-values of <0.05 and multivariable logistic regression were presented as p-value <0.05 with Adjusted Odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals. All tests were two sided to determine statistical significance
Results: The analysis revealed that the overall prevalence of appropriate complementary feeding practices was 46%. While Unemployed mothers were more likely to practice ACFP compared to employed ones (AOR=3.5, 95% CI: 2.15-5.69, p<0.001). Larger families (≥5 members) exhibited higher adherence to ACFP (AOR=4.193, 95% CI: 2.650-6.634, p<0.001). Avoiding bottle feeding (AOR=2.907, 95% CI: 1.88-4.49, p<0.001), maintaining good WASH and hygiene status (AOR=4.488, 95% CI: 2.86-7.05, p<0.001), achieving adequate dietary diversity (AOR=0.032, 95% CI: 0.05-0.068, p<0.001), meeting the minimum acceptable diet (AOR=0.012, 95% CI: 0.005-0.027, p<0.001), and timely introduction of complementary foods at 6 months (AOR=2.504, 95% CI: 1.636-3.832, p<0.001) were all significantly associated with higher ACFP adherence. These findings underscore the importance of addressing socio-demographic and dietary factors to improve infant feeding practices in the community.
Conclusion and Global Health Implications: The research revealed that problematic complementary feeding practices were in the high cases. Measurement of composite indices showed a qualitative picture of these various practices and their components, understanding the diverse manifestations of complementary feeding. This information may be very indispensable to obtain targeted interventions aimed at improving the complementary feeding practices in this community.
COVID-19 vaccination, perceptions about the vaccine and willingness to take the vaccine among unvaccinated high-risk populations at two Ugandan points of entry
Authors: Matovu Joseph KB , Nuwematsiko Rebecca , Aanyu Christine , Tabwenda Lilian , Okade Tom , Musoke David , Buregyeya Esther
Published: May 2024

Background: A recent systematic review shows that COVID-19 vaccines offer nearly universal protection against symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in fully-vaccinated people. However, vaccine uptake has varied across populations. We assessed the uptake, perceptions of and willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine among unvaccinated high-risk populations at two Ugandan border points of entry.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional quantitative study conducted at Malaba and Mutukula points of entry into Uganda between February and March 2023. We targeted people living in, working at, or transiting through the two points of entry, including truck drivers, point-of-entry customs officers and female sex workers, among others. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, vaccine uptake, perceptions and willingness to take the vaccine among unvaccinated individuals. We computed descriptive statistics and determined the factors associated with uptake of and willingness to take the vaccine using a modified Poisson regression model. Data analysis was conducted using STATA statistical package (Version 16.0).
Results: Of the 854 respondents, 50% (n=427) were from Mutukula. Overall, 80.3% (n=686) of the respondents reported that they had received at least one vaccine dose; no booster doses were reported. Respondents perceived that the vaccine was efficacious against COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccine uptake was associated with age-group 35-44 years [aPR (95%CI) = 1.13 (1.01, 1.27)] or 45+ years [aPR (95%CI) = 1.19 (1.07, 1.33)]; being a truck driver [aPR (95%CI) = 1.16 (1.04, 1.29)] or health worker [aPR (95%CI) = 1.18 (1.05, 1.32)]; and the belief that the COVID-19 vaccine is protective against COVID-19 [aPR (95%CI) = 1.32 (1.10, 1.58)]. Nearly 60% of unvaccinated respondents (n=99) were willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Willingness to take the vaccine was associated with the belief that one can contract the coronavirus if not vaccinated [aPR (95%CI) = 3.67 (1.90, 7.10)] or the community was at risk of COVID-19 [aPR (95%CI) = 1.86 (1.33, 2.62)].
Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccine uptake was high in this setting while over half of unvaccinated individuals were willing to take the vaccine. Our findings lend credence for ongoing vaccination efforts at points of entry to contain the importation of new COVID-19 strains into the country.
Transient Heat Transfer Analysis in Metal Plates with Variable Thickness
Authors:   LSIA, ENSAH Al-Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 93000 Tetouan, Morocco, Taibi Mohammed , Abouelhanoune Younes ,   LSA, EMAO, ENSAH Al-Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 93000 Tetouan, Morocco, Dimane Fouad ,   LSIA, ENSAH Al-Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 93000 Tetouan, Morocco
Published: May 2024

Nonlinear transient heat transfer via conduction–radiation is a dynamic topic of long-standing interest with applications ranging from aeronautical and mechanical engineering to industrial and civil security. To gain a better understanding of the performances of materials having thermal proprieties that change during nonlinear heat transfer, several studies using the finite element method (FEM) have been conducted. Such studies apply nonlinear thermal material characteristics to describe the complete system under different loading conditions in each region by adjusting the temperature values for the other three edges and the thickness parameter with Dirichlet boundary conditions. As a result, while modeling and simulating temperature distributions for such situations, nonlinearities generated by temperature-dependent thermal conductivity must be considered. In this work, we focus on the analysis of coupled transient heat transfer through two metal plates with temperature-dependent thermal characteristics in which the temperature is fixed along the bottom edge and heat is transferred from both the top and bottom faces of the two plates. FEM is employed to solve the nonlinear heat equation and compute the temperature as a function of time for variable thickness. The study examines the effect of modifying the thickness parameter values on the temperature distribution over time for various edge values over 5,000 s.
Pomegranate (Punica granatum): affective memories and comfort
Authors: Silva André Vinicius Wendling da , Nagamatsu Denise , Bolognani Fábio de Almeida , Branco Morgana Teixeira Lima Castelo , Pyrrho Alexandre dos Santos , Silva Jaqueline da , Varricchio Marcia Cristina Braga Nunes
Published: May 2024

There are very interesting and helpful the biological and pharmacological activities of fruits of ancient trees which co-evoluted with planet to welfare for living beings and environment, as Punica granatum (Pomegranate). Pomegranate total aqueous extract is really effective besides a smooth action, as preliminarily observed at recovering of eroded soil. In parallel, at a period time of increasing of incidence of malignancies, types of anemia and cardiovascular diseases, its juice and its oilment shall be investigated aiming to be used as a complementary intervention during conventional specific treatment. Our professional experience with its use as functional food empirically suggested its metabolic regulation associated with immunemodulatory action. But, mainly, to ethnical elder people (Romani, Hebrew, Pakistanese, Japanese) evoked affective memories, something very hopefull in this period time of special attention to signals of collective major and minor depression previously existent besides medical news about decreased cognitive function post-Covid19, around the world.  So our meaningfull qualitative strategy of psychosocial attention care seemed to be positive and, perhaps, stimulated neurotransmitters modulation way, as one probable mechanism of action. Analysis of this natural product effect and professional experience will be discussed, a posteriori, through the suitable method of evaluation.
Levonorgestrel as part of menopausal hormone therapy: effects and clinical possibilities
Authors: Yakushevskaya O. V.
Published: May 2024

Female hypogonadism, as a result of natural or induced shutdown of ovarian function, is a multifaceted problem. A variety of clinical manifestations motivates women to consult doctors of various specialties and solve health problems without focusing on the underlying cause. The financial and economic component of the problem due to a violation of the quality of life of women and a sharp decrease in their ability to work requires the inclusion of the most effective method of treatment. There are a number of MHT regimens and combinations that allow differentiated selection of the drug, taking into account the woman’s health status and her concomitant diseases. The range of biological effects and risks depends on the type and dose of the hormonal drug, duration of use, route of administration, and time of initiation of MHT. As a component of MHT, bioidentical estrogens and gestagens are used, different in their vector of influence, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile. The article is devoted to cyclic biphasic MHT using a combination of 17β-estradiol (2 mg) and levonorgestrel (0.15 mg). The experience of using the drug will be presented in the form of a review and our own clinical cases from everyday medical practice.
Experience of dinoprostone vaginal insert using for cervical ripening and induction of labor
Authors: Babich D. A. , Baev O. R. , Piven V. D. , Edilberg I. V.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Presently, preinduction and induction of labour is one of the approaches to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes. In this regard, the rate of labour induction is steadily increasing.

Aim. To determine the efficacy and safety of dinoprostone vaginal insert for cervical ripening and labor induction.

Materials and methods. The study included 81 women with a singleton pregnancy of 37 weeks. and more, cephalic presentation of the fetus, with the birth canal not ready and the presence of indications for induction of labor. Dinoprostone vaginal insert was placed for 24 hours or till onset of labor. After removal of the dinoprostone vaginal insert patient was undergoing cervical assessment by digital Bishop Score immediately. If labor didn’t start spontaneously, additional cervical ripening procedures may be considered or labor induction.

Result. The Bishop score increased on average by 2 points after cervical ripening with dinoprostone vaginal insert. 77.78% of patients went into labor before dinoprostone vaginal insert removing. 71.6% of the women had the vaginal birth. The cesarean section rate was 29.6%. Failed labor induction was observed in 2.47% cases. All the children were born alive. The average weight of newborns corresponded to the general population. No infectious complications or significant side effects were recorded in the study.

Conclusion. The use of dinoprostone vaginal insert is an effective method for cervical ripening (increase in Bishop score by an average of 2 points, p < 0.05) and labor induction (onset of labor before removal of SVT in 78% of cases) with a good safety profile (there were no serious adverse or side effects).
Oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy: questions and answers
Authors: Lisitsyna O. I.
Published: May 2024

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common diseases during pregnancy and increases risks of shortand long-term complications to both mothers and their children. Timely treatment of GDM significantly reduces the specified risks. The development of insulin resistance in pregnancy is associated with increased secretion of maternal and fetoplacental hormones (placental lactogen, estrogens and progesterone, cortisol and prolactin) with increasing gestational age. Thus, GDM develops during pregnancy in patients with insufficient pancreatic function due to progressive hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the most commonly used test in world practice to establish a diagnosis. In Russia, OGTT is carried out at a gestational age of 24–28 weeks using 75 g of glucose and assessing venous plasma glycemia values at three points: before and 30, 60, and 120 minutes after drinking the glucose solution. However, refusal of patients to complete the test is one of the problems associated with the OGTT. Nausea and vomiting are the most commonly reason for not completing the OGTT. In some cases, patients cannot complete the test due to severe tolerance to a hyperosmolar glucose solution. In such cases, a number of solutions are discussed in the literature, one of which is the possible use of glucose-based compositions comprising flavouring additives, which are allowed for use during pregnancy to improve the tolerability of the OGTT. Improving the tolerability and compliance with the procedure is one of the most important conditions for successful and timely diagnosis.
Possibilities of reproductive function realization in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Abdulaeva A. Sh. , Kuzmina P. I. , Bakhtiyarov K. R.
Published: May 2024

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) directly affects the reproductive health of women all over the world. Currently, the study of this pathology is becoming an increasingly important issue due to the widespread prevalence of premature menopause in the female population. In addition to genetic predisposition, an important role in the development of premature menopause is played by the increasing number of ovarian surgeries due to the development of surgery, as well as radiation and chemotherapy for cancer, leading to premature depletion of the follicular reserve in the ovaries. An important component of treatment for women with POI is not only the management of undesirable symptoms of menopause, prevention of cardiovascular complications and fractures due to decreased bone mineral density, but also the possibility of realizing their reproductive function in the future. Therefore, other treatment options may be offered to women with POI in the absence of spontaneous pregnancy in the natural cycle. Oocyte donation may be recommended for such women, but this treatment option may not be suitable if the patient wishes to have genetically related children. In such a case, oogonal stem cell transplantation, ovarian cortex fragmentation or PRP therapy are possible. In women who will undergo chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer, reimplantation of ovarian cortical tissue is recommended to preserve fertility. If there is a risk of malignant cell transfer with this treatment modality, primordial follicles can be isolated from ovarian tissue, cultured and activated in vitro, fertilized, and transferred into the uterine cavity. IVF with surrogate embryo transfer may be an alternative choice for a woman with NPT, which allows her to realize her reproductive plans.
Traits of intrauterine pathology management in the peri- and postmenopausal period
Authors: Ivanov I. A. , Dumanovskaya M. R.
Published: May 2024

Increasing number of anovulatory cycles in the perimenopause, leading to relative hyperestrogenism, and persistent hypoestrogenism in postmenopause, increase the proliferative activity and change the endometrium morphology. That is associated with higher rates of intrauterine pathology. The prevalence of atypical hyperplasia and endometrial cancer in women of the peri- and postmenopausal periods reaches its maximum values. Therefore, one of the most important concepts of patient’s management is to exclude malignant and precancerous endometrial pathology. Significant hormonal changes leads to important confounders in diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms. It could lead to both hypo- and hyperdiagnosis. The review analyzes the main causes of abnormal uterine bleeding, the features of their clinical manifestation, taking into account probable iatrogenic causes, extrauterus and extragenital sources of spotting. This article reviews the principles of ultrasound examination, considering menstrual cycle phase, duration of menopause, hormone treatment, as well as indications for endometrial biopsy, in case of inconsistency of clinical presentation, ultrasound results, menopausal status and iatrogenic factors. We describe the relevant principles of medical correction, wait-and-see tactics and surgical treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding, both in the presence of organic pathology of the endometrium, and in its absence.
Long-term outcomes of uterine artery embolization in patients with early hypotonic postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Konoplev B. A. , Breslav I. Yu. , Kurtser М. A. , Konopliannikov А. G. , Grigoryan A. M. , Oreshkova I. A. , Ivanova N. Yu.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Obstetric haemorrhage remains the number one cause of maternal death globally. Today, the frequency of hypotonic postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) reaches 80% in the obstetric hemorrhage profile.

Objective. To evaluate the long-term outcomes of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for the treatment of early hypotonic postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).

Material and methods. 136 patients were examined 2–8 years after UAE performed for early hypotonic postpartum hemorrhage. A survey was conducted for everyone. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs on the 5th–7th day of the menstrual cycle with an assessment of endometrial thickness, ovarian volume, number of antral follicles, and also Dopplerography were performed in 34 patients. Hormonal status was studied in 34 patients, that were examined in the first phase of the menstrual cycle, with an assessment of serum levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing (LH) hormones.

Results. 19.1% (26/136) of patients planned pregnancy. Pregnancy occurred in 61.5% (16/26). Term delivery occurred in 38.5% (10/26), PPH recurrence occurred in 30% (3/10), placenta accretion was not detected. 23.1% (6/26) patients were pregnant at the time of the survey. Neither morphological nor functional changes of the ovaries were detected in patients 2–8 years after UAE.

Conclusions. Uterine artery embolization is a safe method of therapy of early hypotonic postpartum hemorrhage.
Courses of pregnancy in women witha uterine scar after conservative myomectomy
Authors: Chegus L. A. , Solovyeva A. V. , Aleynikova E. Yu. , Spitsyna M. A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Uterine fibroids are the most common disease of the female reproductive system. If indicated, the main organpreserving method of treatment is myomectomy. However, according to many researchers, women who have undergone conservative myomectomy are at a higher risk of developing complications during pregnancy such as placenta previa, placental disorders, and uterine scar failure.

Aim. To identify the features of the course of pregnancy, childbirth and perinatal outcome in women with a uterine scar after conservative myomectomy who received pregravid preparation.

Materials and methods. A retrospective study included an analysis of 159 outpatient histories of women planning pregnancy after conservative myomectomy, including the birth histories of 109 pregnant women aged 29–40 years who delivered at the Perinatal Center of the Regional Clinical Hospital in Khanty-Mansiysk from 2011 to 2021 in order to study the characteristics of the course of pregnancy in women with a scar on the uterus after conservative myomectomy.

Results. When analyzing the data, the following statistically significant differences between the groups were revealed: the first trimester of pregnancy in women with a uterine scar compared with the control group was more often complicated by chorion presentation, threatened miscarriage, urinary tract infection and early toxicosis (p < 0.05); in the second trimester of pregnancy in group 1, there were more often threatening preterm labor and placental disorders (p < 0.05), the majority of women with a scar on the uterus after myomectomy (77.8%) were delivered by caesarean section, in contrast to the control group (9.7%) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion. The data we obtained on the course of pregnancy, childbirth and perinatal outcomes after myomectomy reflected the need and effectiveness of preconception preparation in this contingent of women.
New options for replenishing the iron stores in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Kononova I. N. , Dobrokhotova Ju. E. , Kareva E. N. , Stebenyaeva E. V. , Shmakova N. A. , Graban I. V. , Krasnoshchok E. V. , Kochina N. A. , Orlova S. V. , Narimanova M. R.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The high incidence of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) (over 30%) among patients of reproductive age is accompanied by the development of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), which, in turn, is a social problem among global burden diseases throughout the world.

Aim. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and compliance with the Vojea complex regimen to prevent IDA in women with abnormal uterine bleeding.

Materials and methods. A multicentre clinical observational study was conducted in 6 health care facilities and women’s health clinics in Yekaterinburg and Moscow. The study included 52 patients with latent iron deficiency (serum ferritin level < 15 ng/ml) who were diagnosed with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) due to ovulatory dysfunction. All patients received Vojea complex at a dose of 1 tablet QD for 3 months while taking pharmaceutical therapy for AUB. The clinical and laboratory efficacy and medication compliance were assessed at 30, 60 and 90 days after initiation of treatment.

Results. Starting from the 1st month of treatment with the study complex, positive trends in clinical and laboratory findings were observed in both groups. After the three-month therapy with Vojea, ferritin levels increased 5.4 times (a clinically significant growth was reported after the two-month intake), plasma folate levels increased 4.9 times and red blood cell folate concentrations increased by 45%. The complex therapy helped reach and maintain the average red blood cell folate concentration >400 ng/ml (906 nmol/l). Side effects included isolated events of gastrointestinal dyspepsia and individual intolerance. All patients reported good and excellent tolerance of the complex, which ensured high compliance with the drug regimen (92%).

Conclusion. The three-month therapy with Vojea complex as part of the combination approach to the treatment of AUB in women with latent iron deficiency showed high clinical and laboratory efficacy, as well as good compliance with the drug regimen.
Impact of rainfall on the water quality of a tropical river: based on the Nilwala River in the southern province of Sri Lanka between March and October 2019
Authors: Diwyanjalee G. R. , Premarathne W. A. P. J.
Published: May 2024

The study addresses the pressing need for an effective monitoring system to assess aquatic water quality, given the exacerbating impact of climate change on surface water bodies. Focusing on the Nilwala River, the research pursues three main objectives: comparative analysis of the Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) values across different river locations, exploration of correlations between monthly rainfall and various physicochemical parameters at distinct sampling sites, and examination of notable disparities in the WAWQI between dry and wet months. Data collected from eight river locations from March to October 2019 revealed significant temporal variations in pH, temperature, chemical oxygen demand (COD), electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity, chloride (Cl−), and nitrate (NO3-) content. The WAWQI increased across all sites during the drought, with only Site 4 (Wellathota) deemed suitable for drinking. Statistical analyses using an one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regressions unveiled significant relationships between rainfall and pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD), EC, and total alkalinity. The total alkalinity is the most affected parameter by the rainfall. Rainfall positively predicted BOD, COD, and NO3- concentration while negatively predicting other parameters.
Replenishment of landscape water with reclaimed water: threshold of hydraulic retention time employing transparency as a control indicator
Authors: Song Keying , Liu Qinghua , Wang Qian , Wu Yinhu , Chen Zhuo , Lu Yun , Hu Hong-Ying
Published: May 2024

There exists a significant risk of water blooms during the utilization of recycled water in landscape environments. The nitrogen and phosphorus discharge standards of sewage treatment plants are very low. Controlling hydraulic retention time (HRT) is currently the most effective means to control water bloom. This article proposes a new method for determining the HRT threshold based on water transparency as a control indicator. The following results were obtained: (1) with the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of 15 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, the threshold for HRT under high temperature and strong light is 4.6 days, while the threshold under low temperature and low light is 11.5 days. (2) With the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of 10 and 0.3 mg/L, respectively, the threshold for HRT under high temperature and strong light is 5 days, while the threshold under low temperature and low light conditions is 12.3 days. (3) The HRT threshold obtained under high temperature and strong light is lower than that obtained under low temperature and low light conditions. (4) The higher the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, the smaller the HRT threshold obtained. (5) Blue algae have stronger adaptability than green algae and diatoms.
Advancing Novel Strategies against Post-surgical Tendon Adhesion Bands,
Exploring New Frontiers
Authors: Alaei Maryam , Abdulhasan Doaa Jawad-Kadhim , Barjasteh Amirhossein , Al-Asady Abdulridha Mohammed , Latifi Hanieh , Vahedi Ehsan , Avan Amir , Khazaei Majid , Ryzhikov Mikhail , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi
Published: May 2024

Current interest in adhesion formation stems from its global impact on the function and quality of
life, spanning a spectrum of subtle impairments to significant disabilities, based on the affected area and the extent
of adhesion. Yet therapeutic agents are restricted to prophylactic anti-inflammatories, revision surgeries,
and biological and physical techniques, none of which grant a decent outcome. Recent advancements in tissue-
engineered biomaterials, drug delivery systems, and fabricating technologies such as nanoparticles, hydrogels,
and weaving or braiding demonstrate potential for improved outcomes. However, none of the mentioned
methods have reliable outcomes, thus this study aims to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology
of tendon adhesion and post-surgical adhesion band formation (PSAB), with a closer look at inflammatory
pathways stimulating the process. This article consolidates information on diverse therapeutic and prophylactic
methods and cutting-edge technologies, aiming to provide a comprehensive update on this topic, and providing
researchers an avenue for new and innovative ideas for further investigations.
Thiamine Hydrochloride: A Highly Efficient Organo-Catalyst for the One-Pot Synthesis of 2, 4, 5-Triaryl Imidazole Derivatives
Authors: Phatangare Kishor B. , Gadkari Yatin U. , Lomte Savita B. , S. Salim Simren , Telvekar Vikas N.
Published: May 2024

In this study, we have developed an expeditious and efficient method for the synthesis of
2,4,5–triaryl imidazole derivatives using thiamine hydrochloride as a catalyst. The one-pot, solventfree-
multicomponent reaction of an aromatic/heterocyclic aldehyde with benzyl and ammonium acetate
at reflux conditions leads to the formation of title compounds in extremely good yields. This
protocol offers several features, such as safe, simple, atom efficient, economical, mild conditions,
minimum waste, easy work-up procedures, shorter reaction time (40-45 min), catalyst recyclability,
etc. The developed methodology is operationally simple and eco-friendly.
Deep Learning-enhanced Hyperspectral Imaging for the Rapid Identification
and Classification of Foodborne Pathogens
Authors: Ge Hanjing
Published: May 2024

Background:

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a versatile biomaterial with numerous applications,
and the identification of bacterial strains that produce it is of great importance. This study explores
the effectiveness of a Stacked Autoencoder (SAE)-based deep learning method for the classification
of bacterial cellulose-producing bacteria.

Objective:

The primary objective of this research is to assess the potential of SAE-based classification
models in accurately identifying and classifying bacterial cellulose-producing bacteria, with a
particular focus on strain GZ-01.

Methods:

Strain GZ-01 was isolated and subjected to a comprehensive characterization process,
including morphological observations, physiological and biochemical analysis, and 16S rDNA sequencing.
These methods were employed to determine the identity of strain GZ-01, ultimately recognized
as Acetobacter Okinawa. The study compares the performance of SAE-based classification
models to traditional methods like Principal Component Analysis (PCA).

Results:

The SAE-based classifier exhibits outstanding performance, achieving an impressive accuracy
of 94.9% in the recognition and classification of bacterial cellulose-producing bacteria. This
approach surpasses the efficacy of conventional PCA in handling the complexities of this classification
task.

Conclusion:

The findings from this research highlight the immense potential of utilizing nanotechnology-
driven data analysis methods, such as Stacked Autoencoders, in the realm of bacterial cellulose
research. These advanced techniques offer a promising avenue for enhancing the efficiency and
accuracy of bacterial cellulose-producing bacteria classification, which has significant implications
for various applications in biotechnology and materials science.