bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of Lightweight and Highly Efficient Cassette System for Road Bicycle by Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Lim Yong Seok , Song Byeong Uk , Shin Yong Wook , Seo Tae Il
Published: December 2012

This study was to accomplish a design process of 10-sp cassette system consisting of different material sprockets and a spider. Main purpose of this design was developing a lightweight and highly efficient cassette system for road bicycle. For this it is necessary to determine the materials and the shapes considering various important factors. Especially sprockets of 10-sp cassette system must become thinner than sprockets of low speed cassettes. Thus it is necessary to carry out a series of structural analyses so as to secure sufficient mechanical strength and rigidity. To verify the safety of this system, a series of finite element analysis was conducted under various boundary conditions. Single sprocket analysis and assembled parts separately were analyzed and compared each other. The analysis results were sufficiently satisfied. In fact how to manufacture the system must be considered.
Design Research on Vehicle Collision Avoidance Based on Artificial Potential Field
Authors: Liu Ying Jie , Zhao You Qun , Zhou Xiao Feng
Published: December 2012

Vehicle driving safety is the urgent key problem to be solved of automobile independent development while encountering collision avoidance. It is also the premise and one of the necessary conditions of vehicle active safety. A new technique for vehicle collision avoidance was proposed. Based on the artificial potential field theory, the lane potential, the road potential function and the obstacle potential function as well as the velocity potential function of the vehicle were constructed. Then the potential function of the vehicle obstacle avoidance problem was constructed with the three potential functions above. The vehicle obstacle avoidance problem was then converted into an optimization problem. The trajectory of the vehicle in the obstacle avoidance process was obtained by solving the optimal control problem. The simulation results show that the proposed method can solve the collision avoidance problem and provide the lane keeping and lane change problem with theoretical support
Analyzing the Application of Metal Packing Materials on Container Design
Authors: Ma Ying , Hao Ning
Published: December 2012

Metal packing materials belong to one of traditional packing materials. Metal container has brought huge changes and progresses to people’s work and life. With its outstanding characteristics, metal container plays an important role among packing materials. Metal packing materials have developed from its temporary storing built-in items function to today’s canned food, drink container, transport package and so on, and from production to delivery and consumption by forming a series of flow containers. It has been the main method of storing built-in items for a long time.
Dynamics Simulation and Crankshaft Dynamic Stress Analysis of 6L21/31 Marine Medium-Speed Diesel Engine
Authors: Xiao Min , Shi Wan Qiang
Published: December 2012

In order to solve the problem of some cracks appearing in certain parts of the crankshaft for 6L21/31 diesel engine, the completed multi-rigid body virtual prototyping (VP) model of the diesel engine was established on the basis of the virtual prototyping technology, and the dynamics characteristic analysis was finished. Then, based on the completed flexible-rigid model of 6L21/31 diesel engine, the dynamic stress analysis of the crankshaft was accomplished, and the maximum stress value and its location were got. The results provided the basis for the improvement and optimization of the crankshaft.
A Study on Development and Design of Toys for Intellectual and Physical Prompting Purpose
Authors: Zhu Yun Feng
Published: December 2012

For the pursuit of developing new field in toy industry and meeting the demands in new markets, combined with current development trend of aging population in China and associated problems, this paper promotes a new product concept: toys for elder people, to satisfy the needs of the elder’s entertainment and prevention from geriatric diseases. This paper chose ‘Intellectual and Physical Promoting’ as the theme and made a research on development and design strategy of elder people’s toys, finally it analyzed the materials for the toys design.
Aesthetic Rules Application in the Modeling Design for Mini Buses
Authors: Xia Wan Yang , Jin Ling , Jia Hong Guang , Liu Bin
Published: December 2012

With the development of technology, the modeling design for automobile has become one of the most important factors for mini buses marketing when the technology, function and price variance of different manufacturers is not big. Learning from the basic elements of aesthetic rules, this paper firstly discusses the mini bus design process; and then analyzes aesthetic application in the X mini bus design respectively from the exterior design and the interior design; finally, proposes the development tendency of mini bus.
Analysis and Design of a Gantry Support Frame
Authors: He Ling , Zhang Gao Qi , Wu Heng Yu , Lei Ya Li , Wang Zhi Gang
Published: December 2012

This paper increases product modal frequency and improves machine dynamic performance while ensuring product static accuracy in method of design, simulation analysis, and testing verification for the purpose of improvement of PCB boring machine gantry support frame integrated modal based on Abaqus finite element software platform as well as Impact Testing module and Modal Analysis module of Test.lab
Green Packaging Materials and Modern Packaging Design
Authors: Zheng Bo Jia
Published: December 2012

With the development of the world economy, there is a growing emphasis on coordination with the surrounding environment and sustainability. The protection of the ecological environment and sustainable development has become the most pressing issues facing countries around the world when we has into the 21st century. Based on this situation, various fields are more and more emphasis on energy conservation and protection of nature, the traditional packaging materials and design obviously can not meet this requirement. So it is spurred to take full account of environmental design packaging with select packaging materials, explore a new model and method. Therefore spending on between the environmental pollution and market conflict. The designers and engineers must work toward the long-term development goals of protecting the environment and resources, it also requires a new environmentally friendly packaging design with new environmentally friendly materials match, both as an important integral part of packaging is dispensable not give up on the design considerations, to fully consider the aesthetic psychology of buyers can not only consider the functional, and also can not give up too much to satisfy consumer aesthetic of functional and environmentally friendly standards. Therefore, we need to fully study the basic demands of the modern green packaging materials and modern packaging design, give full consideration to the practical application of the environmentally friendly materials in the design.
Study and Preparation of Pure-Phase Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanocrystals by Solvothermal Method
Authors: Li Jie , Yang Wei Guang , Shi Wei Min , Li Ji Rong , Wang Lin Jun
Published: December 2012

The as-prepared high-quality Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals were prepared by solvothermal method. The influence of the reaction temperature, growth time and mixed solvent on the structural and composition of the Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals was investigated. XRD result shows the percentage of ethylenediamine in the mixed solvent have an important influence in the synthesis process of pure-phase Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals. EDS result proves the particles belong to Cu rich and Zn poor composition.
Construction of China Railway Freight Car Color Coating Genealogy
Authors: Wang Pu , Huang Tao
Published: December 2012

The paper analyzes existing problems in China's freight car color coating, compares the gap between same products abroad, comprehensively analyzes relevant factors which affect freight car coating, uses system theory combined with specification of safe color, visual safety psychology and coating material technology and takes requirements such as type, structure, safety and corporate image into consideration to establish China's railway freight car color coating genealogy. It provides systematical advices for China's railway freight car color coating design and solves problems like single and disorder coating color, poor indicative of safety feature to improve the level of China's railway freight car coating design.
Design and Application of Endoscope with Aided Lens for Observation of Fire-Fighting Foam
Authors: Xia Jian Jun , Fu Xue Cheng , Zhang Xian Zhong , Hu Ying Nian , Wang Rong Ji
Published: December 2012

In this paper, endoscope with aided lens was designed for observation of fire-fighting foam. Firstly, water-proof and corrosion-resistant endoscope was completed according to the foam’s characteristics. Then, aided lens for clear observation was designed corresponding to the endoscope’s lens system. Secondly, the fire-fighting foam was produced using low expansion foam extinguishing system and observed through endoscope with aided lens. Finally, the data were analyzed considering the foam’s drainage process. This endoscope with aided lens could be used to describe foam’s interior structure’s evolution including foam drainage, film rupture and bubble coarsening.
Design of Compressor Impeller Using Evolutionary Optimization Technique
Authors: Cho Soo Yong , Kim Jin Han , Kim Chae Sil
Published: December 2012

Configuration design on an impeller using to the centrifugal compressor of turbocharger was conducted to improve its performance. Impeller shape was adjusted by changing its meridional contours and blade profile. Total nine design variables were chosen with constraints. ANN (Artificial Neural Net) was adopted as a main optimization algorithm with PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) in order to reduce the optimization time. This ANN was learned and trained with the design variable sets which were obtained using DOE (Design of Experiment). This ANN was continuously improved its accuracy for each generation of which population was one hundred. New design variable set in each generation was selected using a non-gradient based method of PSO in order to obtain the global optimized result. After 7th generation, the difference of efficiency and pressure ratio predicted by ANN and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) was less than 0.6%. From more than 1,200 design variable sets, a pareto of efficiency versus pressure ratio was obtained and an optimized result was selected based on the multi-objective function. On this optimized impeller, the efficiency and pressure ratio were improved by 1% and 9.3%, respectively.
Dynamic Characteristics of Planetary Gears Train of Semi-Direct Drive Wind Turbine
Authors: Xiao Zheng Ming , Yin Zhi Hong , Guo Yu
Published: December 2012

The speed increasing gearbox is the key part of the wind turbine, and it requires higher reliability and service life than general mechanical system. The single-stage planetary gears train(PGT) are commonly used in the semi-direct drive wind turbines, which sustain low speed, heavy load, varying speed and varying load. The dynamic characteristics are very complex, due to the frequent disturbance under the random wind and have a greater impact on reliability and stability of wind turbines. In this paper, the torsional dynamic model for PGT of semi-direct drive wind turbine was developed by lumped parameter method. According to the configuration and design parameters of the planetary gears, the natural frequencies are calculated, and the vibration modes are also analyzed. The actual wind speed is simulated by the weight sparse least squares support vector machines (WSLS- SVM), and the input torque load is also obtained. Considering the varying wind load and parameter excitations of system, the dynamic response of the PGT is calculated by numerical method.
Effect of Wind Shear on Rotational Fourier Spectrum of Wind Turbine
Authors: He Wei , Tian De , Wang Wei Long
Published: December 2012

In order to accurately obtain the influence of rotational effect on fluctuating component of turbulent wind acted on wind turbine, considering source spectrum and rotational sample points were changed since wind shear changed mean wind speed in the rotor plane along the vertical direction, rotational Fourier spectrum with wind shear was deduced. Based on the investigation on a 3MW three-bladed pitch regulated wind turbine, rotational Fourier spectrums with and without wind shear were compared, the effect of radius on rotational Fourier spectrum was analyzed, cross power spectral densities of rotational Fourier spectrum with different blades and variable radius were compared. The results show that the effect of wind shear on amplitude of rotational Fourier spectrum is unconspicuous while the phase frequency characteristic is alternative for the sample points are changed. Rotational Fourier spectrum energy removes to the high frequency bands, the amplitudes of peak at the integer multiple rotational frequencies increase with radius increases. The initial phase has little influence to the amplitude of spectrum, and cross power spectral densities of different radius are obviously less than auto power spectral densities of the same radius.
Engineering Analysis and Research on Connection Plate of Vehicle Radar Antenna Pedestal
Authors: Chang Feng Ji , Li Yu Jun , Yan Dong , Sun Hai Bo , Wu Yu Bin , Tian Xing Zhi
Published: December 2012

According to the usage of vehicle radar antenna pedestal connection plate, this article analyzes and compares the structure characteristic of welding and casting. We decide to adopt the casting structure and use cast aluminium ZL101A. Based on the connection plate of using conditions, we analyze the deformation and stress of connection plate by the finite element analysis software. The design is in line with the material allowable requirements and to meet the requirements of the system stiffness.
Engineering Change Propagation in Collaboration Environment
Authors: Liu Pei Zhi , Chai Wei Yan , Ji Jun
Published: December 2012

Engineering change is an important and complex activity for manufacturing enterprises. In order to improve the efficiency of engineering change, we proposed a method of EC propagation in collaboration environment. First, we analyzed the method of creating the knowledge database; then, studied the way knowledge sharing in collaboration; furthermore, proposed a algorithm change propagation in collaboration environment; finally, a created a system based on the method above and the experiment of managing a type of military vehicle engine was employed to validate our method and it showed the correctness of the proposed method.
Gear Rattle Modeling Based on Transient Stiffness and Damping Analysis
Authors: Qin Ming , Xie Ning , Wang Hui , Zhang Kai , Liu Xue Ping , Xiang Dong
Published: December 2012

Structural characters of gear contact have a determinative impact on gear rattle. Contrarily traditional method using average stiffness and damp coefficients which weakens the accuracy on modeling and analysis of gear rattle phenomenon, in this paper, a methodology modeling gear rattle process with transient stiffness and damp coefficients is proposed. Gear rattle process is modeled by considering the physical model of gear contact, gear pair movement, and actually geometrical meshing curve. A study of gear rattle is made by the simulation program and an experiment is also done to verify the method. Results show that this method can effectively analyze the frequency and the relative displacement of gear rattle, etc.
Hydraulic System Design and Simulation of High-Speed Railway Dynamic Test System Excitation Device
Authors: Zeng Liang Cai , Zheng Fei Long , Wan Yuan , Xi Qiang Hua
Published: December 2012

The existing hydraulic excitation mode of valve controlled cylinder or pump controlled motor used in the excitation device of high-speed railway dynamic test system is difficult to meet the requirements of high exciting frequency, high exciting force and high amplitude. To solve these problems, the paper puts forward a bicyclic surface hydraulic cylinder, and designs the corresponding electro-hydraulic servo excitation system. According to the test system parameters，it establishes the mathematical model of the hydraulic system. It uses Matlab/Simulink to carry out theoretical analysis and digital simulation and uses PID Tuner to adjust the PID controller parameters. The simulation results show that the hydraulic excitation system designed meets the performance requirements of the high-speed railway dynamic test system excitation device.
Innovative Design of Device of Conical Deep-Hole Boring
Authors: Yu Da Guo , Shen Xing Quan , Wang Ji Ming
Published: December 2012

The device is designed for the solutions of the ready-deformation, hard feeding of the boring rod of conical deep-hole boring, and of impossible boring by the gun drill, BTA drill and DF drill during conical deep-hole boring. The central hole of the boring rod is fitted with boring cutter, rod with double cones, cylindrical rod, threaded and splined rod. The front cone of the rod with double cones is set through the conical hole of boring cutter and reaches only one side of the hole. The rear one of the rod with double cones is in contact with the one end of the springing rod of which the other reaches the surface of bored work piece. The industrial endoscope is set within the hole drilled in boring rod. The servo motor, by the way of NC device, is linked with pulse generator, which connects the principal axis of lathe. The design is advantaged with a springing rod which prevents the deformation of boring rod, and with servo motor, NC device, and industrial endoscope supporting conical deep-hole boring of high precision.
Application Research of Coupled Steel Bars Technology
Authors: Gao Bing , Wang B.
Published: December 2012

Coupled steel bars is a kind of cold working steels, It was processed by two parallel cold-drawn that’s they are longitudinal reinforcement wedding with short and band cold-drawn that’s low-carbon steel are transverse reinforcement. So, study on its mechanical and technology properties, get suggestion model calculating formulas of crack width and stiffness are presented. The advantages of cooperating between coupled steel bars and concrete have been primarily accepted.
Key Technology Research on Rimming Fixture Design
Authors: Gao Jin Gang , Zhang Shuang , Wang Hua
Published: December 2012

The role the rimming fixture is to ensure the models and the front cover having no relative motion in rolling process, and quality of fixture layout can influence if the cover edge has quality defects such as undulated in rimming process. First, this paper analyzes composition of the rimming bottom die and positioning clamping mechanism in rimming fixture, and obtains stressed situation of front cover edge under the action of rimming and stamping by the roll head by using the result of finite element analysis to the rimming process of front cover, combining with the design requirement of processing datum graph, the production program of engine hood, production class system and actuating rate 、failure rate and production rhythm of production lines, establishes distribution points of rimming fixture and finally designs the rimming fixture of engine hood. The fixture is currently used in actual production with stable and reliable performance.
Preparation of Conductive Adhesives by Ag/CNTs Composite Nano-Particles
Authors: Feng Yong Cheng , Zheng Xu Xu
Published: December 2012

In order to obtain better conductive functional fillers and conductive adhesives, the surface of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) is wrapped by silver using chemical plating. Ag/C composite nanotubes that have excellent conductivity are achieved and the conductive adhesives were prepared by using the composite nanotubes as conductive functional fillers. Experiments indicated that the achieved conductive nano-adhesives have better conductivity and better physical and chemical performance. That would save 30-50% consumption of silver than conventional silver conductive adhesives.
Gold Nanoparticles Self-Assembling on Surfaces of Carbon Nanotubes Modified by Mercapto Groups
Authors: Feng Yong Cheng , Zhou Gui Lin
Published: December 2012

In order to obtain some noticeable microelectronic materials, one-dimensional gold nanowires with diameters down to 50 nm were prepared by electroless plating and gold nano-particles self-assembling. The forming mechanism of gold nanowires that gold nano-particles come into being gold nanowires by self-assembling on surfaces of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) templates at presence of mercapto groups (-SH) was proved. The carbon nanotubes modified by mercapto groups were prepared by reacting with the mixed acid solution of HNO3and H2SO4, LiAlH4, PBr3, NaHS in turn. The microstructure of gold nanowires was shown by TEM image and the active mercapto groups inarched onto surfaces of carbon nanotubes were demonstrated by XPS analysis.
Synthesis and Characterization of Acrylamide Based Benzoxazine
Authors: Bakangura Erigene , Luo Zhong Yu , Wang Guang Kai , Bin Yang , Yue Yan Ping , Lin Xiao Dan
Published: December 2012

Novel benzoxazine monomers, acrylamide based benzoxazine, have been prepared from direct condensation of phenols with acrylamide and formaldehyde. 1H NMR and FT-IR, DSC and TGA were used to analysis the structure, compositions and investigate the curing behaviour and thermal stability, respectively. Solvent effects were studied. Solventless method is good for higher formation ratio of benzoxazine to the corresponding phenolic resin. The ratio for P-AA is 36.4% by solventless method, while it’s about 26% by toluene solvent; and 44% and 20% for B-AA, respectively. The monomers mixtures exhibit curing temperature (ca.187oC) without catalysts lower than their related allyl-benzoxazine. The FT-IR of different curing temperature shows the disappearance of double bond absorption at 1668 cm-1 and oxazine ring at 1232 cm-1 and appearance of hydroxyl group at 3446 cm-1. Thermal stability of cured benzoxazine show good char residues compared with traditional benzoxazine of aniline.
Study of Preparation and the Influencing Factors of Chrysanthemum-Shaped Calcium Carbonate Applied to Paper Industry
Authors: Chen Ze Li , Zhu Hua Jing
Published: December 2012

This paper describes the precipitated calcium carbonate filler applied to paper industry, which was prepared by adding a specific crystal control agent. And a series of influencing factors in carbonation process was studied, such as carbonization temperature, concentration of milk of lime, carbon dioxide concentration and the crystal shape control dosage. Therefore the optimum conditions for preparation of chrysanthemum-shaped crystalline calcium carbonate were determined.
Mineralogical Study of Huashan Granite-Type Uranium Ore Deposit in Northeast of Guangxi
Authors: Kang Zhi Qiang , Feng Zuo Hai , Huang Yong Gao , Chen Hong Yi , Fu Wei , Liao Jia Fei
Published: December 2012

Huashan granite-type uranium ore deposit is originated within the Huashan granite pluton in northeast of Guangxi, the mineral (mineralization) occurrences already found include Changchong, Baishijiao and Caomiping. Previous studies are relatively weak, especially in mineralogical characteristics, in this paper, a detailed study of minerals has been carried out through EPMA and EDS, the results show that the uranium mineral compositions of the three mineral (mineralization) occurrences are significantly different, but all of them are of secondary uranium minerals, among them, the main component of Changchong mineral (mineralization) occurrence is (meta-) autunite, of Baijiaoshi mineral (mineralization) occurrence is kasolite, and of Caomiping mineral (mineralization) occurrence is torbernite and zeunerite, which reflect the difference of their minerals sources.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Working Fluid Flow and Machining Debris Movement in End Electrical Discharge Milling and Mechanical Grinding Compound Machining
Authors: Ji Ren Jie , Liu Yong Hong , Zheng Chao , Wang Fei , Zhang Yan Zhen , Shen Yang , Cai Bao Ping
Published: December 2012

The working fluid flow and the machining debris movement in the machining gap exercise a great influence on the process performance in end electrical discharge milling and mechanical grinding compound machining. In this paper, the working fluid flow and the machining debris movement in the machining gap are modeled based on the liquid-solid two-phase flow theory. The gap flow field is calculated with the software of Fluent, and the velocity field and the pressure field are analyzed. The results show that in the gap flow field of the compound machining, the working fluid flow can be accelerated, and the machining debris can be ejected timely by the rapid rotation of the tool electrode, so the compound process performance can be enhanced.
Research on CFD Simulation of the Cement Slurry Mixer
Authors: LI Shui Ping , Yuan Ya Li , Shi Lu Gang
Published: December 2012

Numerical simulation method of the internal flow field of fluid machinery has become an important technology in the study of fluid machinery design. In order to obtain a high-performance cement slurry mixer, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques are used to simulate the flow field in the mixer, and the simulation results are studied. According to the analysis results, the structural parameters of the mixer are modified. The results show the mixer under the revised parameters meet the design requirements well. So CFD analysis method can shorten design period and provide valuable theoretical guidance for the design of fluid machinery.
Effects of Individual Layer Thickness on the Structure and Electrical Properties of Sol-Gel-Derived Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 Thin Films
Authors: Rao Wei , Li Ding Guo , Yan Hong Chun
Published: December 2012

Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 thin films were prepared with various individual layer thicknesses using a sol– gel process. The individual layer thickness strongly affected the structure, ferroelectricity, and dielectric properties of the films. The films prepared with an individual layer thickness of 60 nm showed small equiaxed grains, cubic structure, temperature-independent dielectric constant, and no ferroelectricity. The films prepared with an individual layer thickness of 8 nm showed columnar grains, tetragonal structure, good ferroelectricity, and two dielectric peaks in the dielectric constant–temperature curve. The individual layer thickness for layer-by-layer homoepitaxy growth that resulted in columnar grains was <20 nm.
The Study on the Reliability of the Collection System of the Offshore Wind Farms Considering the Electrical Faults and Switchgear Configurations
Authors: Tan Ren Shen , Yang Ping , He Peng
Published: December 2012

With the rapid development of the offshore wind power, the design of the collection system for offshore wind farms attracts widespread attentions. In this paper, on the basis of analyzing the connection property and switchgear configurations of collection systems of offshore wind farms, a comprehensive reliability assessment model and the corresponding calculation method for the traditional switchgear configuration and the complete switchgear configuration are proposed. Taking an actual planned offshore wind farm for example, the reliability of two switchgear configurations are evaluated, and the sensitivity analyses on factors affecting the reliability of the wind farms such as the failure rate and MTTR of the cables and switchgears are performed. The result shows that the complete switchgear configuration is the better choice for offshore wind farms considering reliability indexes.
The Rule of Migration and Transformation of Naphthalene in Groundwater
Authors: Liu Zi Jian , Hong Mei , Zhang Di Long
Published: December 2012

Naphthalene was used as a characteristic kind of organic pollutant in migrating-and--transforming process in groundwater. Added gravel sand and fine sand which are commonly found in the underground environment in two simulated columns, analyze its migration and transformation consequence by simulating adsorption characteristics experiment. The results show that, Freundlich isotherm adsorption equation can better describe the outcome of adsorption process for naphthalene, the KF are 0.9954 and 1.0481. Fine sand for naphthalene adsorption effect is stronger according to this experiment, and the quantity is 0.029 mg•kg-1. In the migrate process of naphthalene, fine sand has an obvious retarding effect, the factor Rd=41.43.
Algae-Removal Treatment of A-F/PDM Composite Coagulants to Summer Taihu Lake Algae-Rich Water under Prechlorination Process
Authors: Zhao Xiao Lei , Zhang Yue Jun , Li Xiao Xiao , Liu Cheng
Published: December 2012

The series of stable A-F/PDM composite coagulants prepared by combining polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDM) with the composite (A-F) of aluminum sulfate (AS) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) were used to research the algae-removal efficiencies to summer Taihu Lake algae-rich water under prechlorination process. The composite coagulants were tested by jar tests for the effects of mass percents (5%~20%) and intrinsic viscosity values (0.55~3.99 dL/g) of PDM on algae-removal efficiencies. For water with algae content of 6.14×104 cells/mL, the algae-removal rates of 90.9% and 94.0%~ 96.3% could be realized by using A-F and A-F/PDM(0.55/5%~3.99/20%) with dosages of 5.60 mg/L and 4.81~3.01 mg/L, respectively, when 2 NTU residual turbidity of effluent water after sedimentation was required. Therefore, using A-F/PDM composite coagulants could enhance evidently the algae-removal efficiency of A-F to summer Taihu Lake algae-rich water. Compared with using A-F solely, the dosages of A-F in composite coagulants were saved when the residual turbidities were required in same level.
The Integrated Evaluation Research on the Reverse Logistics of End-of-Life Vehicle Based on Green Manufacturing
Authors: Yu Ning , Yang Yan Ping , Yin Ren Shu , Guo Dong Dong
Published: December 2012

The method of system engineering is used and the process of ELV reverse logistics system is analyzed. According to the requirements of green manufacturing, the evaluation indicator and evaluation method of ELV recycling reverse logistics system was established. And an example is given to verify the method.
Investigation on Nano-Sized ZnO Powder Doped with Al3+ Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Xiong Yu , Zheng Ji , Li Song Lin , Liu Xue Jia , Liang Lu
Published: December 2012

Al3+-doped ZnO nano-powder was prepared by sol-gel process, using tin tetrachloride and titanium tetrachloride as starting materials. The crystallinity and purity of the powder were analyzed by X-ray diffraction spectrometer (XRD). And the size and distribution of Al3+-doped ZnO grains were studied using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the Al3+ was successfully doped into the crystal lattice of tin oxide and that the electric conductivity of Al3+-doped ZnO sample was improved significantly.
Research on a Novel Environment-Friendly Synthetic Material Based on Sludge
Authors: Xu Zhi Hua , Zhang Dao Fang , Wu Ling Ling , Li Su Hui
Published: December 2012

This study prepared a low energy consumption and environment-friendly synthetic material without modification, which was capable of removing ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and phosphorus (TP) in the water effectively and at the same time maintaining high mechanical strength. The best mixture ratio of synthetic material was investigated. The results showed that with a mass ratio of 1:2:0.05 for cement, zeolite and microwave-treated sludge, the water-cement ratio of 0.4 and a volume ratio of 1:60 for foaming agent to water, the 7-days compressive strength of this material reached 5.8 MPa, which met the strength requirement of related demonstration projects. Meanwhile, synthetic material manifested effective adsorption capacities and showed a maximal adsorption amount of 0.23 mg/g for NH4+-N and 0.32 mg/g for TP. The pseudo-second-order kinetics model was found to fit the NH4+-N and TP adsorption processes well.
Design of Automatic Nucleic Acid Extraction Instrument Based on Magnetic Nanobeads
Authors: Dou Yong Jie , Xu Jian Sheng , Deng Cong Liang , Zhao Xiao Li , Nie Leng , Yu Yang , Wang Ming , Song Tao
Published: December 2012

In this paper, an automatic nucleic acid extraction instrument is described. It consists of mechanical components, motor controlling module, temperature controlling module and computer. Also, a prototype has been designed and constructed. The maximum sample throughput of this prototype is 96, the sample volume is 300-1000ul, the maximum sample handling time is about 60min, the sample temperature controlling range is from room temperature to 95oC, and the accuracy of temperature controlling achieved is about ± 2oC.
Design and Engineering Verification of HTR-PM Fuel Handling
Authors: Zhang Hai Quan , Wang Xin , Li Hong Ke , Nie Jun Feng , Liu Ji Guo
Published: December 2012

Abstract. HTR-PM is a twin-reactor structure pebble bed modular reactor. With the gather-scatter fuel handling system (FHS), handling and circulating function of twin reactors’ fuel elements are performed under a non-shutdown continuous condition. Relying on separate pipeline system of sphere fuel main circulation, FHS achieved automatic operation in the structural model by sphere fuel’s gravity flowing and pneumatic conveying in the twin reactors. The FHS adopted the international experience at design and operation of similar systems, especially based on that of HTR-10. However, some key components and technologies were improved so that fuel handling of HTR-PM becomes more reliable. All of the improved components and technologies will be tested in a full-scale hot testing facility, and some of them were verified and validated with the help of separated cold testing facilities. The functions and design of HTR-PM FHS is introduced in this paper. Design and engineering test of the FHS in HTR-PM demonstration power plant are reviewed.
Design of a New Kind of the Radial Annular Seal for the Aeroengine
Authors: Sun Dan , Ai Yan Ting , Zhang Wan Fu , Yang Jian Gang
Published: December 2012

To minimize fluid leakage loss and improve rotordynamic stability of traditional aeroengine seals, a new kind of radial annular rim seal (RARS) is presented in this paper. Comparing with the conventional labyrinth rim seal (LRS), the fluid leakage direction is modified from the axial to radial direction. The flow resistance increases, and the flow-induced force is greatly reduced. The completed three-dimensional CFD model between RARS and LRS were employed to analyze the inherent characteristics of the fluid flow in the whole passage. Calculated results show that RARS has less leakage and fluid-induced force compared to the LRS.
The Classification Research about the Uncertain Factors of Job Shop Manufacturing Shop Re-Scheduling
Authors: Ge Mao Gen , Liu Ming Zhou , Zhang Ming Xin , Hu Jing , Wu Wen Rui , Ling Llin
Published: December 2012

In order to have an effective induction and treatment about the various uncertain factors in the process of Job Shop manufacturing shop re- scheduling under the uncertain environment, Through the description of all kinds of uncertainties and disturbances during the workshop production process, here put forward a way to divide these uncertain factors into different types, such as type A uncertain factors which can cause scheduling scheme invalid, type B uncertain factors which have an uncertain impact on scheduling scheme and type C uncertain factors which may lead the schedule partial failure.
The Effects of B2O3 Addition and Sintering Temperature on the Electrical Properties of SnO2 Based Varistors
Authors: Fan Ji Wei , Liu Dan , Zhang Xiao Li , Zhao Hui Jun , Zhang Zheng Guo , Zheng Yamin
Published: December 2012

SnO2 based varistor ceramics, as new type of varistor materials, have attracted increasing interest around the world. However, the effect of B2O3 addition on novel SnO2 based varistors is still unclear. In this paper the effects of B2O3 addition on the electrical properties and sintering temperature of the SnO2-Co2O3-Ta2O5 system were investigated. The experiments revealed that addition of trivalent boron can improve the densification of SnO2 based ceramics. The samples doped with 0.025mol% B2O3 had the highest sintering density. However between 0mol% to 0.1mol% B2O3 addition region there was little effect on non-linearity and breakdown field of SnO2-Co2O3-Ta2O5 system. Obviously, the sintering temperature had a predominant influence on the SnO2-Co2O3-Ta2O5 system; the samples sintered at 1400°C were superior to those sintered at 1350°C.
An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with Invasive Weed
Authors: Zhao Huan , Yu Jiang Long , Tahmasebi Arash , Wang Pei Hong
Published: December 2012

This paper presents a hybrid algorithm based on invasive weed optimization (IWO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), named IW-PSO. IWO is a relatively novel numerical stochastic optimization algorithm. By incorporating the reproduction and spatial dispersal of IWO into the traditional PSO, exploration and exploitation of the PSO can be enhanced and well balanced to achieve better performance. In a set of 15 test function problem, the parameters of IW-PSO were analyzed and selected, and the computational results show that IW-PSO can effectively obtain higher quality solutions so as to avoid being trapped in local optimum, comparing with PSO and IWO.
Monitoring of Efficiency and NOx Emissions at a Coal-Fired Utility Boiler
Authors: Zhao Huan , Yu Jiang Long , Tahmasebi Arash , Wang Pei Hong
Published: December 2012

In order to improve boiler efficiency and to reduce the NOx emission of a coal-fired utility boiler using combustion optimization, a hybrid model was proposed to monitor boiler efficiency and NOx emissions. In this model, operational parameters were inputs, and its features were selected by kernel principal component analysis (KPCA). The relationships between the selected features and combustion products such as NOx emissions, unburned carbon and oxygen content in flue gas were mapped by -support vector regression ( -SVR), and then boiler efficiency was calculated by analytical model. The parameters of hybrid model were determined by grid search and 5-fold cross validation. The predicted results indicate that the presented hybrid model can monitor both efficiency and NOx emissions of coal-fired utility boiler, and the predicted performance of KPCA- -SVR model is more superior, comparing the other two models.
Study on the Properties of Poplar Micro/Nanofibril and its Composites
Authors: Liu Yan Ping , Zhang Jiang Tao , Luo Xiao Ya , Yao Ying Ying
Published: December 2012

The micro/nanofibrils of poplar could be prepared by treatment of ultrasonic. The properties of micro/nanoﬁbrils were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results indicated that poplar micro/nanofibril was the same as raw fiber in chemical compositions and crystal structure. The crystallinity of micro/nanoﬁbrils was 84.99 percent, increased by 20 percent compared to original fiber after ultrasonic crushing. The micro/nanofibril diameter was from 50 nm to 1 μm.The internal bond strength (IB) of wheat-straw fiberboard could be significantly improved by adding poplar micro/nanofibril suspension to the urea formaldehyde resin adhesive(UF),when the adding amount of poplar micro/nanofibril suspension was 15wt percent, the IB of wheat-straw fiberboard was up to 0.86 MPa.
A Study on Modification Technology of Poplarthrough Impregnating with UF Resin
Authors: Han Jian , Liu Kai Neng , Gao Xi Tao
Published: December 2012

Through impregnating with UF resin, the modification technology of Poplar was experimented and studied. The study results proved that the laminated veneer lumber (LVL), impregnated with UF resin, reached fine quality when the bumping vacuum time, the solid content of UF resin, the impregnation temperature and time were respectively 40min, 30%, 25-30°C and 3 hours. The picture of electron microscope showed that in LVL impregnated with UF resin, the wood vessels and cells near the veneer junction sections occurred mostly deformation, but the wood cells depart farther from the veneer junction sections occurred rarely deformation. The cell lumens and middle lamella near the veneer junction sections were almost filled by the resin，but the scarcely any resin filled in the wood cell lumens depart farther from the veneer junction sections.
Effect on the Microstructure and Properties of WC-10% Co Alloy Co-Doped with NbC and Cr3C2
Authors: Yu Hao , Li Wan Ni , Jiang Xian Quan , Jiao Peng He
Published: December 2012

In order to study the effect of co-doped with NbC /Cr3C2 on the properties of WC-10%Co alloy, the WC-10%Co alloys co-doped with different contents of NbC / Cr3C2 were produced with vacuum sintering furnace, and the microstructure and properties were also investigated by using different testing methods. The results showed that there existed a great improvement on the mechanical property of WC-10%Co alloy. With the co-doped 0.4% Cr3C2 / 0.3%NbC addition, the best strength properties that hardness was 1645 HV30 and transverse rupture strength was 1951 MPa were obtained when the sintering process was performed at 1400°C for 1.5 h.
Characterization of Antibacterial Effects of Novel Silver Nanoparticles: A Case Study on Pseudomonas as a Model for Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: He Ting Ting , Zhou Ya Zhou , Yang Juan , Shi Hai Feng
Published: December 2012

The antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are well known, but Ag-NPs are known to aggregate in medium of high salt content and lose their antibacterial activity. Graphene-based silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs-GE) materials can form stable dispersion in the aqueous solution. This study explores the antimicrobial effects of Ag NPs-GE in pathogenic bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antimicrobial activity of Ag NPs-GE was investigated in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium on solid agar plates and liquid system supplement with various concentrations of Ag NPs-GE. The Ag NPs-GE were shown to be an effective bactericide.
Dynamic Simulation of Energy System
Authors: Barrett Mark , Spataru Catalina
Published: December 2012

This paper investigates how society engenders demands for energy services that vary with time and climate, and how renewable and other energy resources can be deployed to meet these demands. Because the whole people-energy system is modeled, there is little detail about any component, instead an overall picture of how the entire system works is presented in this paper. It became apparent that the design and performance of dwelling energy systems, and to some extent the behavior of people, cannot be considered in isolation from the whole system. In order to get a picture of how the entire system works, the greater the diversity better overview can be obtained. But, from a practical perspective it is difficult to simultaneously model in detail a large number of people-dwelling combinations, alongside all other demands and electricity and other supply.
Novel MPPT Schemes with Direct Duty Ratio Perturbation for Solar PV Systems
Authors: Venkata Sriram P. , Swagnik Bhattacharya
Published: December 2012

The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is a very important function in a Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) system. While previous research has been focussed on optimizing the performance of the MPPT, there is further scope to improve upon the MPPT efficiency without compromising on the complexity of the MPPT technique in terms of the algorithm and hardware requirements. The research work presented in this paper aims to address this gap. The paper presents two novel MPPT schemes which are the proposed Perturb and Observe (P&O) and proposed Incremental Conductance (IC) methods based on two-step control and direct duty ratio perturbation. The proposed techniques are efficient, computationally less complex and hardware minimal than previous study in this field. For verification, simulation has been performed for extensive irradiation profiles of Standard Test Conditions (STC), rapidly changing and gradually changing insolation conditions which are representative of the boundary cases. Results of the proposed MPPT methods are compared with that of conventional MPPT methods. The results show that proposed MPPT schemes have excellent tracking efficiency and dynamic response with respect to previous research.
Using Hybrid Power Flow Controller (HPFC) to Improve Performance of Old and Existing Compensators in Power System
Authors: Hakimzadeh Mojtaba , Sedaghati Reza , Parhoodeh Masoud
Published: December 2012

In this paper, a hybrid topology of FACTS devices has been investigated to improve stability features of static voltage. The primary assumption is a power system which has been located under SVC parallel compensation. HPFC forms a hybrid controller using IPFC series converters as a hybrid with existing parallel and passive compensator (SVC) in power system. Thus, simultaneous and independent control of active power flow can be reached through transmission lines and the exchanged reactive power values towards sending and receiving line. Using a hybrid structure makes the use of convertors to improve performance of the old and existing compensators in the power system possible. In this study, the power injection model (PIM) has been used to model series-parallel parts of hybrid power flow controller in Newton-Raphson load flow, and all have been simulated in M-file environment of MATLAB software. In order to investigate the effect of this controller on stability properties of static voltage, P-V curve of PQ buses of a prototype system has been evaluated in a continuous power flow (CPF) in M-file environment of MATLAB software. In the section of simulation results, SVC parallel compensation and UPFC series-parallel compensation are compared in terms of the amount of losses, active and reactive power, and improvement of the system’s loading limit with the proposed hybrid structure.
Determination of the Optimal Initial Steam Pressure for the Power Plant Under Different Loads
Authors: Zeng De Liang , Peng Can , Guan Zhao Liang , Shen Rui
Published: December 2012

Combined with the thermal system analysis, the mathematical model for selecting the optimal initial pressure of the power unit is established based on the comprehensive consideration of the effect of main steam pressure on governing stage efficiency, steam feed pump consumption and flow passage efficiency. Then the steam pressure with the maximum unit efficiency is searched using variable condition calculation. With quantitative calculations of N600-16.7/537/537-I unit of Pan Shan thermal power plant taken as an example, the optimal initial pressure is obtained by exhaustive method around the 75% load point. The results reveal that the unit power, heat absorption and unit efficiency all increase with the increase of the main steam pressure. However, the increasing velocity of efficiency is less than heat absorption when main steam pressure attains to certain value, which makes the unit efficiency begin to decrease. Therefore, this main steam pressure is the optimal initial point to be searched.
CFD Calculation of Wind Turbines Power Variations in Urban Areas
Authors: Bazrafshan Jafar , Sabaeifard Payam , Khalafi Farid , Jamil Majid
Published: December 2012

Integrating wind turbines in urban areas especially over buildings is a new way of producing electricity which is supported in recent years. Wind turbines sited well above the roof of buildings operate in skewed flow. In this paper, to examine variations in efficiency of wind turbines in this condition, two models of H-Rotor and horizontal axis wind turbine analyzed based on axial momentum theory through computer simulations. Simulations conducted through CFD method and k-ε turbulence model was utilized to analyze flow fluctuations in Navier-Stokes equations. Models show that, for an H-Rotor, the optimal power output in tilted flow can be up to two times the power output of horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT).