bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEMANTIC AND GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF PREPOSITIONAL CONSTRUCTIONS IN DIARY DISCOURSE OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY
Authors: Denysiuk V. , Dudenko O.
Published: August 2023

The article is dedicated to the semantic and grammatical features of full-vowel / not full-vowel forms of prepositions "cherez / czrez", "pered / pred", "sered / sredy" in the records of diary discourse. The authors emphasize the fact that the choice of different forms was dictated by extralingual factors, including the participation of M. Khanenko in the service in St. Petersburg, which affected the active use of not full-vowel form "chrez" used in the Russian Empire at that time by the tradition of imitating the Polish language, while the language of the diary of Ya. Markovych who was in the Ukrainian environment, confirmed the dominance of full-vowel forms. Constructions with the preposition "chrez" – they were locative, temporal, cause-and-effect, instrumental meanings, the latter of which developed under the influence of the Polish language among the studied prepositional-and-case forms, realized a wide semantic range. Constructions with the preposition "cherez" were semantically identical. This fact confirmed active processes of distribution of full-vowel and not full-vowel variants and fixing them in respective languages. Constructions with the preposition " pered / pred" realized a narrower semantic range – mainly locative and temporal, which was also realized by another full-vowel formation – the preposition "peredom". In general, the preposition "sered / sredy" was characterized by limited functioning in the Ukrainian language of the first half of the 18th century. Distributional grammatical features of prepositional-and-case forms were the expression of the nominal component by instrumental case. The studied period confirmed the completion in consolidation of this or that preposition to this or that case, which was proved by the analyzed written records, in which there were constructions with the genitive or accusative case, displaced in the modern Ukrainian language to realize some meanings by the form of the instrumental case. The new Ukrainian language inherited only full-vowel forms of the prepositions.
ONYMIC MEMES IN THE PANDEMIC TIMES
Authors: Karpenko O. , Neklesova V. , Karpenko M. , Tkachenko A.
Published: August 2023

The article analyses the functioning of proper names in the meme context. Proper names are an organic part of the cultural background, because the onymic landscape of society is reflected in every cultural phenomenon of modern life. The direction of the research is proper names in memeplexes, which reflect the reaction of the society during the global pandemic. A meme is a piece of information transmitted through social channels, characterized by its brevity and rapid spread. Cultural heritage as a unit of information has more coverage and roots if it functions as a meme. A meme is an independent, separate unit of culture that is defined collectively by the speakers themselves. The global Covid-19 pandemic is one of the biggest cultural phenomena of the last century. Globality is conveyed through the use of visual and semantic codes of pop culture that are comprehensible to many users. So, regarding the Internet memes, onymic landscapes of different countries coincide due to the processes of worldwide cultural and social integration. The multi-layeredness of memes is reflected in their ability to absorb, codify, and recontextualize proper names, which in themselves have a memetic character and entail a whole colorful layer of information. Different categories of onyms are used in the creation of memes, so their analysis seems relevant and constitutes the purpose of this investigation. Memes from the time of the coronavirus pandemic served as the object of the research, and their onymic components were the subject. As the research material, memes of this thematic focus in different languages containing onyms were used. Due to a significant number of memes and their variants, the research of memetic trends was chosen. The conducted research established that almost all categories of proper names participated in the process of creating memes on pandemic topics. The use of eleven classes of proper names was recorded, which include ergonyms, anthroponyms, mythonyms, theonyms, cosmonyms, chrononyms, toponyms, ideonyms, gastronyms, zoonyms, phytonyms. According to the prevalence of memetization, the first places are occupied by ergonyms and anthroponyms. The presence of anthroponyms is quite logical, because this is the most common and most influential class of onyms. A large number of ergonyms in the pandemic picture of the world can also be explained by their importance in the life of the society. So, it is quite possible that ergonyms can take the place of one of the central categories of onyms, along with anthroponyms and toponyms. There are isolated cases of gastronyms, zoonyms and phytonyms. We explain such a number by their real peripheral place in the picture of the world and, thus, in people's meme creation.
NOTES ON THE THEORY OF ONOMASTICS
Authors: Lukash H.
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the theoretical problems of studying proprial vocabulary, the methodology of onomastics, which involves the search and formulation of its fundamental general theoretical processes. Theorization of the subject makes it possible not only to determine its essence, but also to build the content space of research in general. The topicality of the topic is related to the importance of further development of the theoretical provisions of onomastics and the need to analyze the state of modern developments. The following methods were used for the research: linguistic observation and description of linguistic phenomena — to find out the status of the problem; comparison, analysis, synthesis — to clarify the essence and content of aspects of onomastic research. It is noted that the approach to the analysis of onims is always multifaceted, regardless of the classical or innovative view of them in a theoretical and practical way. An analysis of the theories and methods of onomastic research at the current stage has been carried out. An approximate circle of goals and tasks set by researchers of theoretical onomastics is outlined. A system of priorities to be implemented has been determined, namely: application of the achievements of the onymic conceptology; theoretical justification of linguistic and cultural onomastics, study of the effects of speech activity. The need to generalize theoretical and practical research in the field of onomastics is substantiated; describe modern methods and techniques of onomastic research. The article notes that the onymic language area is an open system that is constantly updated. It is emphasized that theoretical onomastics is an important direction of research and one of the main factors that determines the quality of the state and the basis of research searches. The greatest effect is given by the involvement in onomastic research of the methods and achievements of related sciences.
UKRAINIAN EMIGRATION LITERATURE AS A HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL PHENOMENON: PROBLEMS, DIRECTIONS AND PERSPECTIVES OF RESEARCH
Authors: Vasylenko V.
Published: August 2023

The paper is devoted to the main problems, directions and prospects of the study of Ukrainian emigration literature of the 20th century. In particular it studies the history of its research as a separate scientific problem, analyzes the main directions of its research, and marks the most important scientific achievements in its development. Based on the analysis of the works of Ukrainian literary scholars and critics – both emigration and mainland – devoted to the problem of studying emigration literature (historical-literature, theoretical, methodological), some comments are made about the peculiarities of its development, difference from others – diaspora, expatriate, as well as the relationship of these closely related but not identical concepts. The article analyzes features that internally unite emigration and mainland literary processes, as well as their differences and moments of interactions, it emphasizes the complexity and inconsistency of this interaction. An opinion is expressed on the opportunity to consider the relation between mainland and emigration literatures as a metropolis and the periphery and, at the same time, peculiar cultural monopolies. One aspect of the study concerns the issue of the discontinuity and functioning of emigration literature as developing not because of the change of generation, as mainland literature, but through "waves" that influence its external contours and internal movement. The article notes the significance of historical, cultural, moral and aesthetic experience, which Ukrainian emigration literature brought to history and the canon of national literature, expanding them ideologically, genre and thematically. The paper substantiates the importance of the theoretical and historical-literature conceptualization of Ukrainian emigration literature of the 20th century, the need for an integral scientific approach, which would become the theoretical basis for future research.
A FOLKLORE EVENT AS AN EXISTENTIAL PERSPECTIVE OF A NON-RITUAL LYRO-EPIC WORK
Authors: Kopanytsia L. , Pavlovа A.
Published: August 2023

The article examines the peculiarities of the representation of an existential event in a folklore work, primarily, the function of the existential word. It emphasizes that the category of freedom in the perception of the natural characteristics of a person and their spiritual integrity correlates in lyric-epic works with the understanding of a moral act as an individual decision and an axiom of the entire life path.
The work focuses on the peculiarities of the existential consciousness of the author-performer, which are revealed in the folklore work through the understanding of the uniqueness of each person, the moments of entering their life world into the world of other people. This can be traced on the example of ballads, chronicle songs, emigrant, rebel, prison songs, etc. The plot modeling of a non-ritual folklore work makes it possible to present each individual act of a person in the aspect of meaning-making of the whole life. So, the folklore event represents such an ethical-philosophical paradigm that makes it possible to understand the act as a fact of unique, unrepeatable being and the moral-ethical dimension of this fact.
The work focuses on how a poetic word in a folklore work stands out in the field of perception of an important episode of a person's life, which in an artistic interpretation becomes a significant folklore event. The author-performer presents their own vision of the causes of life's drama, and this assessment becomes a kind of invective for understanding important moral imperatives.
On the basis of examples of lyrical-epic folklore, one can understand the true dimension of the ontological values of the ethnos, in which all events, realities of reality, human actions are shown not in some chosen hierarchy, but in the constant flow of complex and contradictory human existence. The author-performer presents all subjects and objects in a single plane, giving each of them an important meaning.
TRANSFORMATION OF ROMANTIC MOTIFS IN J. SCHUMACHER’S MUSICAL FILM THE PHANTOM OF THE OPERA
Authors: Astrakhan N.
Published: August 2023

The article analyses how J. Schumacher’s musical film The Phantom of the Opera (2004), based on A. L. Webber’s musical, revises some elements of the artistic and aesthetic system of Romanticism. Since the musical was based on the novel of the same name (1910) by a French Romantic writer Gaston Leroux, this multi-step reinterpretation allows one to observe a special perspective of the "end of a century" – to track how the postmodern film adaptation reflects the artistic and aesthetic shifts of the late 18th – early 19th century (when Romanticism emerged) and late 19th – early 20th century (Neo-Romanticism). At the same time, in J. Schumacher’s musical film, the forms of art associated with special artistic and aesthetic aspirations (theatre at the beginning of the 19th century, cinema at the beginning of the 20th century) define certain stylistic dominants and become markers of time, its revolutionary and catastrophic changes, as well as moral and aesthetic constants.
While the Romantic concept of the man and art is subject to reduction and profanation in G. Leroux’s epigonic novel, the context of postmodern film narration makes it possible both to enrich it with the artistic achievements of a two-century artistic evolution and simplify it to a universal formula. The artistic whole of the musical film The Phantom of the Opera reproduces the motifs peculiar to the brilliant authors of European and American Romanticism (G. G. Byron, E. T. A. Hoffman, V. Hugo, E. A. Poe) and epitomizes the ideals of humanism that reach their maximum in Christianity-inspired Classical Realism of the 19th century. The film neutralizes such traditionally associated with Romanticism oppositions as those of the ideal and reality or the artist and the general public. Art and life interact, creating a prerequisite for mutual understanding, harmonization, and escaping the tragic contradictions of being. This interaction enables reality to open up new opportunities, and art turns out to be the place of salvation and restoration of love-based relationships among people.
ORIGINALITY OF THE PROPER NAMES OF THE LITERARY HEROES IN THE NOVEL "BETHLEHEM" BY VOLODYMYR LYS
Authors: Vehesh A.
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the proper names of the literary heroes — important elements of an artistic work, means of creating an image. The names of literary heroes carry a semantic load, a number of hidden associations, as well as the expression of basic connotations (national, regional, social, chronological, emotional, and expressive).
 The writer's linguistic skill is directly related to the strategy of well-chosen character names. For many authors, this strategy is the leading one. Modern Ukrainian writer Volodymyr Lys is no exception.
The goal is to study the proper names of the literary heroes that function in the novel "Bethlehem" by Volodymyr Lys. Our task is to reveal the information that is encrypted in the name of the hero and that forms the image.
The triptych novel "Bethlehem" by Volodymyr Lys, consisting of three parts "Child", "Fire", "Home", is united by a symbolic title. The title of the novel, as well as the titles of each part, carry relevant information.
It is proved that the proper names of the literary heroes that function in the novel by V. Lys are formed on the basis of real and invented anthroponyms, and their potential is limitless. The study of the proper names of the literary heroes of the novel made it possible to reveal the individual and stylistic features of the proper names of the characters, the creation of which is influenced by a wide variety of factors. The names of the characters, endowed with a wealth of stylistic functions and significant expressive possibilities, are an integral element of the literary text.
Among the categories of the proper names of the literary heroes, names are the most frequent (names of gods, people of different historical periods, different anthroposystems, invented and real). It was found that the names of the main characters are informative and evaluative, they contain the shades of expression. We also investigated the originality of surnames, nicknames, and pseudonyms of literary heroes. 
Attention is drawn to a special type of the proper names of the literary heroes – abstract-onyms (abstract concepts that have become onyms).
 The article proves that the proper names of the literary heroes in the novel by V. Lys are important elements of his stylistics, while carrying information they are playing an active role in creating the general imagery of the work. Such information is contained in the pre-onym semantics of the basis of the proper name of the literary hero, it is revealed through the verbal author's characteristic of the hero, and is expressed by the basic connotations of the real anthroponym in its literary prototype.
Conventional and Hybrid Actions in the Russia's Invasion of Ukraine
Authors: IONITA CRAISOR-CONSTANTIN CONSTANTIN
Published: August 2023

The paper aims to analytically present the existing data and information regarding notable aspects of the ongoing war in Ukraine, notably through lessons identified in the political-military field, both conventionally and hybrid. The article hypothesis starts from the consideration that even the war is not over, there are some lessons identified that should be considered for the future security of Europe and the international environment. The author uses the analytical method of research to explain the cause-effect relationship between the war itself and its future influence for the European security and world order, going down to European nations living at the edge of this conflict. It will also theoretically test those implications to determine whether they fit the specified hypothesis. The conflict itself has deepened the international consequences of almost two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. It magnified the disastrous security situation not only in Europe, but all around the world, by creating additional energy (gas) and food (cereal) crises. Therefore, the Russian – Ukrainian War has significantly modified regional and international security environment and there are tendencies to challenge the current World order. What happened in Ukraine in the past year has and will continue to have direct implications for the European and Euro-Atlantic security, going down to European nations living at the edge of this conflict. Therefore, this paper is significant for advising the political-military decision-makers on better understanding the modern operational environment and addapting future defence capabilities to face 21st Century Warfare.
Revival and Spiritual Awakening in Edgar Allan Poe's 'The Tell-Tale Heart' and 'The Black Cat'
Authors: Al-Omoush Ishraq Bassam
Published: August 2023

Objectives: Edgar Allan Poe (1809- 1849) is credited with the creation of the detective story. However, his tales have not been extensively researched, especially in areas such as religiosity and spirituality. This paper aims to delve into these deeply-embedded areas and explore the neglected themes within Poe's works. The objective is to uncover the religious experiences that some of Poe's protagonists undergo.
Methods: Employing an intrinsic approach, this study demonstrates that the protagonists in Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart" and "The Black Cat" experience spiritual growth and awakening after losing their proper orientation and going astray. These characters do not appear to be true believers, as they do not believe in the existence of God. However, after facing a crisis resulting from committing a crime, God suddenly becomes apparent to them.
Results: Therefore, the present study focuses on analyzing the gothic setting, inner conflict, symbols, and narrative techniques in Poe’s two stories. It aims to highlight the significance of the psychological turmoil experienced by the two protagonists, which ultimately leads to their spiritual awakening.
Conclusions: Under the weight of guilt and remorse, the two protagonists begin to perceive existence in a new light, as revealed through their monologues. They express a need for spiritual revival.
Computación para Astronomía y Meteorología
Authors: Feinstein Baigorri Carlos
Published: August 2023

Este libro describe los usos de programación en lenguaje Fortran con el fin de utilizar las computadoras como instrumentos de cálculo. Se discuten las sentencias, sus usos y cuidados. Además, se detallan los problemas de eficiencia de diversos algoritmos, los problemas de la inestabilidad numérica por el redondeo y se incluye una introducción a la realización de modelos con números al azar.
The shapes of adjacent structures for informing the stage show for children
Authors: Majeed Ameen Al- Bajelan Mayada
Published: August 2023

This research talked about the importance of adjacent structures for informing the stage show for children. The researcher began from the importance of adjacent structures for informing the show to introduce the various and different proofs, on the level of creativity and artistic shape of the accomplishment over it’s shifts that contribute to formation the show and it's intellectual, artistic, technical and cognitive Marks that contribute in dynamism the interactive show and contact the idea that connect with the design and directional vision for the beauty and cognitive. Lead to the eager operation in attention, sensitive and attractive the child. The research consist of four chapters: The first chapter include methodological framework of the research. The problem of the research is based on the question: What is the shapes of the adjacent structures in informing the stage show for the children? The importance of the research concerning in the adjacent structure of the art stage and it's work in informing the state show for children and it's aim to know the mechanism of the adjacent structures or the art age stage according to the styles and directions of its designers. The research benefit the workers’ interestings and specialist in the child art stage. The research conclude to set the expressions. The second chapter concerning about the adjacent structures of informing the presentation of a stage show for children. The research concluded over the results of theoretical fram. As for the third chapter concerning about the research measures, the sample was chosen according to the analyzing descriptive approach. While the fourth chapter include the results that the researcher founded in informing the adjacent structures of the stage show to introduce different evidences on the level of the creative and artistic shape of the project. The research concluded with several suggestions and recommendations and the list of references and attaches and additions of translation the abstract into English.
Effect of partial substitution of alkaline oxides with lithium oxide (Li2O) on low-temperature ceramic glaze
Authors: Al-Hindawi Ahmed
Published: August 2023

The research aims to study the effect of adding (Li2O) to an alkaline glaze containing (K2O, Na2O). Although all the alkaline oxides have common properties, each oxide has something that distinguishes it. The molecular weight of (Li2O) is two times less than that of (Na2O) and three times that of (K2O). Therefore, it is added in small proportions. In addition, it is a very strong flux, so it is not used alone, but rather replaces a part of other alkaline oxides. It was added to an alkali glass that matured at a temperature of 980CO in proportions (2.0,1.4,1.2,0.8,0.4%) instead of (Na2O), using lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) as an oxide source. The glazes mixtures were applied to a white pottery body, and the samples were fired and cooled according to programmed timings. After that, the tests and calculations were carried out: virtual and microscopic examinations, density, viscosity, surface tension, thermal expansion, hardness and scratch resistance. After analyzing and discussing the results, it was found that (Li2O) has varying effects on the properties of glazes, some of which are effective and others are less effective
Automatic operation of the optical system in the theatrical show
Authors: Abd Ali Muhammad Aqeel
Published: August 2023

Theatrical techniques took upon themselves the responsibility of building and organizing the theatrical form for the various forms of performances, and it was the important tool that the show makers could rely on in carrying out the various works at the audio-visual level, and lighting is one of the most important elements of the visual formation of the image in the show, as it is related to the visual process and what it can achieve in operations The contrast that constitutes the aesthetic and intellectual values of the theatrical show, especially since the process of adjusting the element of time and the timings for receiving or delivering, moving, and the movement of the actor is what can determine the rhythm of the scene, which in its totality represents the rhythm of the show, and the processes of delay and confusion in the process of implementing various types of effects or techniques and light are the most important element that can Work to raise the aesthetic, artistic and intellectual values of the display in the case of controlling its implementation and control processes. Therefore, the researcher worked to find a simple technical and technical alternative that works to avoid these errors, accompanied by ease in the process of distribution and design of lighting and the shapes of its projections, since most of the workers now in the field of lighting design and implementation are Technicians with different specializations and far from the stage, which makes the percentage of errors received large. This device can avoid these errors that may appear inadvertently or by an executive error. For this, the researcher proposes a process of manufacturing a device that can perform lighting during the theatrical show, as a technical substitute for the lighting port, which calls for a process to reduce the percentage Errors that may occur during the theatrical show, in addition to the ease of programming and controlling it automatically, which contributes to the process of its spread in various types of theaters, even those in which there are no technicians or lighting technicians, and at a simple manufacturing cost that is not comparable to the cost of traditional control devices found in public theaters
Photoluminescence and scintillation properties of Pr-doped (Lu, Y)2Si2O7 crystals
Authors: Okazaki Kai , Nakauchi Daisuke , Kantuptim Prom , Kato Takumi , Kawaguchi Noriaki , Yanagida Takayuki
Published: August 2023

Pr-doped (Lu1−x
, Y
x
)2Si2O7 (x = 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) crystals were synthesized by the floating zone method. Emission peaks due to 5d–4f transitions of Pr3+ were observed at 300 nm under excitation of both UV light and X-rays. Scintillation decay times of 19–22 ns were obtained, and they originated from the 5d–4f transitions of Pr3+. Afterglow levels became high from 64.7 to 541 ppm as the Y-admixed concentration increased. The light yields were estimated to be 560–700 photons MeV−1 by comparing the channels of photoabsorption peaks from the pulse height spectra of 137Cs γ-rays measured using prepared crystals and commercial Gd2SiO5 reference.
Reversible capacitive Frisch grid TlBr detectors
Authors: Nogami Mitsuhiro , Hitomi Keitaro , Onodera Toshiyuki , Watanabe Kenichi , Ishii Keizo
Published: August 2023

A reversible capacitive Frisch grid detector was fabricated using a thallium bromide (TlBr) crystal with a symmetrical electrode design. The device operates by switching the polarity of the applied voltage, which is necessary for a stable TlBr detector operation. A 2 mm × 2 mm × 5 mm bar-shaped TlBr crystal was used to construct the detector, which exhibited an (full width at half maximum) energy resolution of 1.9% for 662 keV γ-rays measured using a depth correction method at RT. The TlBr detector also showed a stable operation for 8 h of with hourly bias switching.
Graphene-based stand-alone nanomechanical membrane production and mass-acoustic hybrid-sensor application
Authors: MEMISOGLU Gorkem
Published: August 2023

In this article, experimental studies were carried out for the preparation, characterization, and nanomechanical membrane application of Graphene-based nanomechanical mass and acoustic hybrid sensors. The purpose of this study was to prepare facile and low-cost nanomechanical membrane-based mass-acoustic hybrid sensors by set-ups developed on the exfoliation and membrane transfer methods, and to examine their morphological, spectroscopical, and nanomechanical-vibrational properties, as well as the membrane characteristics like mass and acoustic sensitivities and durability over time. For the experiments, equipment and items such as optical, digital, atomic force and scanning electron microscopes, Raman spectroscope, acoustic signal source and amplifier, data-logger, sound pressure level meter, and laser Doppler vibrometer were used. Graphene-based nanomechanical membrane sensor chips with varying acoustic pressure levels and mass-loadings were tested. It was observed that the acoustic sensitivity of the produced 706.5 µm2 nanomechanical membranes increased with increasing sound pressure levels and decreased with increasing mass-loads. With 67.8 ± 5 nm/Pa, the unloaded nanomechanical membrane was the most sensitive sample. Experimental challenges and sensor development solutions were discussed. Existing application examples were examined and discussions were made on the current challenges and the future prospects of the nanomechanical membrane sensors.
The effect of communication on construction project management processes during the covid-19 pandemic period: a case study in Türkiye
Authors: YALÇIN Gamze , BAYRAM Savaş
Published: August 2023

The construction industry has had to struggle with the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in all sectors. In this process, effective communication has become more significant. This study is aimed to evaluate the significance of effective communication in the COVID-19 process in the Turkish construction industry. Moreover, the causes of communication problems during the project management process and the communication problems among the project stakeholders were investigated. A survey study was applied and the data suitability to the normal distribution was examined using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The significance relations between the seven different demographic characteristics of the sample and the answers were determined using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests. The relative importance index (RII) method was used to determine the participants' perceptions regarding relative importance. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the views of architects and engineers on the significance of communication in the construction industry as well as investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic period. This study provides a basis for construction practitioners and scientists who aim to examine the significance of effective communication in the construction industry and the communication problems experienced under the impact of the pandemic. Moreover, it will contribute to the elimination or minimization of communication-related issues. It will help managers and stakeholders in the construction industry develop strategies to avoid what may occur in ensuring effective communication due to any pandemic such as COVID-19.
A New Approach for Better Assimilation of Microwave Sounding Data over Winter Sea Ice in the Korean Integrated Model
Authors: Kim Ji-Soo , Ahn Myoung-Hwan , Lee Sang-Moo
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a pre-processing method for the assimilation of microwave satellite observations over winter sea ice into a numerical weather prediction system. 
Understanding Poincaré theorem
Authors: Yoon Jihyeon
Published: August 2023

This paper is about understanding Poincaré theorem in the view of observation.
A 0.4-1.8 GHz Quarter-Rate Sub-Sampling Mixer-First Direct Down-Conversion RF Front-End
Authors: Rena Rakesh Verma , Kammari Raviteja , Pasupureddi Vijay Shankar
Published: August 2023

Abstract—Sub-sampling down-conversion has not been a popular choice for mixer-first RF front-ends for two interdependent reasons. One, the sub-sampling down conversion is inherently heterodyne in nature. Two, as a consequence to one, the passive mixer transparency property can not be exploited for providing impedance matching at the RF-port by impedance translation. In this work, an 8-path quarter-rate sub-sampling mixer-first direct down-conversion architecture is proposed to address these issues.  The proposed architecture simultaneously achieves quadrature direct down-conversion and impedance matching by using the third harmonic of the quarter-rate sub-sampling frequency, fs. The impedance matching is achieved by exploiting the 8-path passive mixer transparency property. Compared to RF sampling receivers, this architecture employs a sampling frequency fs three times lesser than fRF , saving on the power consumption of nonoverlapping clock generation, distribution circuits, and frequency synthesizer. To validate the proposed architecture, a test chip is fabricated in 1.2 V, 65 nm CMOS technology. The prototype occupies an active area of 0.32 mm2. The measurement results show that the sub-sampling 8-path mixer consumes a power of 800 μW, non-overlapping clock generation circuit consumes 2 to 9.2 mW, base-band LNA and gm-cell consume 26 mW over the frequency band 0.4-1.8 GHz with 90 MHz bandwidth. The receiver has a DSB noise figure of 4.7 dB, a conversion gain of 22 dB, an IB-IIP3 of -1 dBm and OB-IIP3 of +8 dBm.
Al-Jahiz's Educational Thought Strategies
Authors: زغير سليمة سوادي
Published: August 2023

The strategic foundations that Al-Jahiz follows in consolidating scientific principles, which are based on a number of concepts such as thinking and the educational process with its intellectual foundations, which Al-Jahiz restricted to methodological doubt, experiment and extrapolation that are necessary to verify the support of theories and the consolidation of facts.
Al-Jahiz's educational style, which took writing as a means of disseminating science and knowledge, and made it one of the most important ways to teach science, is based on what he possesses of solid scientific methods - which impose themselves on him assuming the validity of the evidence and the clarity of the proof - and what is concentrated in the mind of the general public. Society, the author of Al-Dabaa’ Dictionary mentioned the dialogue that took place about Al-Jahiz’s scientific standing, and he is one of his contemporaries: (By God, if he put a message in the tip of my nose, it would only become famous in China)*.
* Yaqut al-Hamawi, Cairo, Dar al-Ma'mun: 16/99
An evaluation study of the program of continuing education courses for biology teachers at the secondary level from the point of view of the trainee teachers
Authors: الماضي عباس عبد المهدي , راهي قحطان فضل
Published: August 2023

The current research aims to evaluate the programs of continuing education courses for biology teachers at the secondary level.
The current research is limited to biology teachers at the secondary level for the academic year 2015-2016.
Determining the research community, the teachers of biology in the secondary stage of the General Directorate of Education of Najaf for the academic year (2015-2016) of (347) teachers and teachers of life sciences. And after the research community was selected, then the research sample was chosen randomly, which must be representative of the community, and it reached (67) teachers and teachers.
To achieve the goal of the research, it was required to build and prepare an appropriate tool that included (5) five magazines, namely: time, organization, vocabulary of the training program, the professional aspect, the academic aspect, and human development. It consisted of (28) paragraphs and the answer alternatives were (agree, agree to some extent, disagree)
And
Acute inflammatory responses and histological changes for Stachybotrys chartarum fungus in the lungs and nose for infant white mice
Authors: H Sabaa Helal , Obaid Ahmed , H Abdulazeez Akram
Published: August 2023

Stachybotrys chartarum in one of fungi that cause respiratory system infection to human and animals therefore this study it done to evaluation histological changes in some  respiratory organs such as nose and lung induced by this fungus suspension. Detection of Stachybotrys chartarum fungus confirmed  by cultured  samples which collected from baths floor on potato dextrose agar  in room temperature for seven days. Then the suspension of positive samples of this fungus diluted by phosphate buffer saline and counted the spores by using hemocytometer before used experimentally in lab animals (Balb/C mice) to study histological changes in respiratory system . Twelve mice used in this study divided into two groups. first group consist of six mice  induced with   0.5 ml from one positive sample of fungus suspension contain 2×104 spore / mm3(for month : one dose daily) according to count of hemocytometer to evaluate some histopathological changes  in nose and lung .Second group induced with 0.5 ml from phosphate buffer saline only. The results revealed that the nose of mice injected with 0.5 ml contain 2×104 spore / mm3 from Stachybotrys chartarum  fungus suspension cause focal superficial necrosis of the respiratory  epithelial cells with acute inflammatory  cells  and infiltration of the mucosa .while the lung of group mice treated with same  concentration  of fungus  has interstitial pneumonia  with thickening  of inter alveolar  space  due to infiltration  and chronic inflammatory cells especially mononuclear cell.
Clinical, Histopathological and Molecular detection of cutaneous papillomatosis associated with bovine papillomavirus types 1and 2 in cattle from Al-Qadissiyia Province
Authors: Mansour Khalefa Ali
Published: August 2023

This study was designed to evaluate the clinical, histopathological and molecular features of cattle warts disease in Al-Qadissiyia goverment. Fourteen samples from skin lesions were collected from cattle that were diagnosed as cutaneous papilloma by clinical examination. All samples were examined for the presence of cutaneous fibropapillomatosis and confirmed histopathologically and  by molecular detection by (PCR) for BPV-1 and BPV-2 as causative agents for the bovine cutaneous papillomatosis.. The results of this study showed that lesions were mostly located on the head and neck, perineal region, under the chin and around eyes. The histopathological changes of cauliflower-like growths of varying size (1-4 cm3) revealed various degrees of hyperplasia,  hyperkeratosis and acanthosis in all samples .The results of multiplex PCR for genotyping (BPV-1 and BPV-2) by using specific primers for L-major capsid protein revealed that eleven out of fourteen tissue samples were positive results for (BPV-1-L1 gene) and all the samples were negative result   for  (BPV-2-L2 gene) .On conclusion the bovine papillomatosis Who was diagnosed in Al-Qadissiyia Province is caused by bovine papillomavirus types 1 (BPV-1-L1 gene)  and has atypical characteristic clinical singes which make it easily to distinguish from other skin disease .
The relationship between etiology (persistent diseases) and sources of nutrition (diet and fodder) for animals in Iraq: systemic review
Authors: Al- Shabaa Kifah Fedhil Hassoon , Al-musawi Malak Majid , Mahmood Thikra Abdullah , Alhuchaimi Sundus Nsaif
Published: August 2023

Definition of fixed, such as those that are not cleared of the virus but is still in certain cells of infected animals infection. It may lead to persistent inflammation and infection stages of both static and product without the injured animal was killed quickly or produce excessive damage to the host cells.The aim of the study is to find out the relationship between the persistent viral diseases of animals, feed and feed manufacturersThe study type: compile relevant studies concerning systemic reviewMode of action: fear of the occurrence of such diseases in livestock to food relationship to the fact that diseases like so type require years of follow-up, as well as epidemiological spaces to appear in the country producing and exporting livestock for food during the years of the epidemic .thalil food and readjustment.Recommendations:1 - There are no ways to detect the process, at the present time .2  prion prions in the form of abnormal resistance to most of the thermal and chemical treatments .3-The particular food manufacturing processes do not lead to a significant reduction in prion infection through exclusion.4 - There is no known way of readjustment contaminated foods. To protect food key is to get the beef and meat by-products from animals infected with mad cow disease and protect against contamination of food with high-risk tissues , especially the brain tissue and spinal cord.
Rapid Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Using Real Time PCR
Authors: Rasheed Marrib N. , Latteef Noor S. , Jassim Ashwak B.
Published: August 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic Gram-negative bacterium which has emerged as one of the most problematic nosocomial pathogens.To characterizes P. aeruginosa strains that are widespread in patients in Iraq, 90 clinical samples were collected from wounds, burn, ear infection and urinary tract infection taken from three general hospitals of different areas of the region in Baghdad .  Methods for isolation and identifying P. aeruginosa based upon culture methods coupled with biochemical tests, were used in this study. The results show that, the selective medium (cetrimide agar) at 42˚C aerobically had highest recovery in the isolation of P. aeruginosa strains, they were produced greenish-yellow or blue pigment colonies, catalase and oxidase was positive whereas negative for methyl red, and indole.; however, some of these methods are time consuming and may not be very accurate whereas API 20E is rapid method which performs at least 20 different biochemical tests at once, however it proved difficult to obtain additional information concerning the relationship between these strains. Molecular study for identifying  p.aeruginosa include DNA extraction  , than Real time assay by using  powerchek  P. aeruginosa  Real time PCR Kit with probe, the results showed that RT-PCR has found to be rapid and more sensitive and specific in identification of P. aeruginosa, however Real time PCR Kit with probe, specific marker is recommended
Morphology ,Histology and Histochemical comparative study of the Liver in adult female domestic fowl(Gallus Gallus ), common moorhen(Gallinula chloropus )in South Iraq
Authors: Hussein Adel Jabbar , Hussein Diyar  M.
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was determined compared between morphological features and histological structures in the liver of two species of birds that differ in their classification and food habitat by using light microscope.This birds were domestic fowl (Gallus Gallus ),  common moorhen(Gallinula chloropus ).Twenty birds were used to conduct the current study. These birds were collected from common markets at Basrah province. Themorphologicalresultshowed the liverin both species  was large and bilobed organ.It was consist of two parts (right lobe was larger thenleft lobe).the left lobe issubdivided into two parts .The histological structure of the organ consist of several lobules separated from each other by tiny trabeculae of connective tissue and was covered by connective tissue capsule.The liver tissue composed of hepatic cells and  blood sinusoidsin  two species of birds.Thebasic unit of liver is hepatocyte which arranged in plates that radiated around the central vein and between these cords there is sinusoids lined by alayer of fenestrated endothelial cells and Kupffer's cells. The histochemical result revealed  that the hepatocyte in the two species of birds were weakly positive to periodic acid Schiff (PAS) while they were positive to bromophenol blue reaction(MBB).
Potential of Adeno-associated virus Vector Gene Therapy for Achromatopsia
Authors: Wiranda Farianti , Tanjung Grace Marta , Pandapotan Yudha , Anugrahsari Santi
Published: August 2023

Achromatopsia atau yang dikenal dengan buta warna adalah kurangnya kemampuan untuk membedakan warna-warna tertentu. Dimana hal ini merupakan ketidakmampuan sel-sel kerucut mata untuk menangkap suatu spektrum warna tertentu akibat faktorgenetik dan penyakit tertentu. Kelainan pada struktur anatomi mata yang terletak pada retina dan diturunkan secara resesif.Mutasi ini menyebabkan hilangnya fungsional dan degenerasi progresif lambat dari fotoreseptor sel kerucut. Terapi padabuta warna saat ini hanya terbatas pada konseling genetik, kacamata, atau lensa kontak berwarna. Metode terapi genetiksaat ini sedang dikembangkan dengan menargetkan organ retina dengan menggunakan vektor rekombinan adenovirus. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada hewan uji ditemukan adanya perbaikan fungsi pada sel kerucut sehingga terapi gen merupakan modalitas yang cukup menjanjikan di masa mendatang.
Development of complex hardening technology of cold rolling rolls by plasma surfacing
Authors: Malushin N.N. , Gromov V.E. , Romanov D.A. , Bashchenko L.P. , Kovalev A.P.
Published: August 2023

A comprehensive technology for hardening of mining and metallurgical equipment parts deposited by high-speed alloys is proposed, consisting of plasma surfacing, heat treatment, nitriding processes and ultrasonic treatment. The basis of the technology is the technological process of plasma surfacing in a protective-alloying environment of nitrogen with flux-cored wire, which makes it possible to obtain a deposited layer without cracks, pores and defects in macro- and microstructures with a average surface hardness of 56 HRC. The main contribution to the hardening of the deposited heat-resistant alloy is made by a fourfold tempering at a temperature of 560...580 °C. After surfacing and tempering, the hardness of the alloy increases to 62...64 HRC. The increase in hardness occurs due to the conversion of residual austenite into martensite, the release of carbides and carbonitrides. The contribution of nitriding and ultrasonic treatment processes to the hardening of the deposited alloy after tempering is 1...2 HRC.
Saturation of complex shaped parts with thermal chromizing
Authors: Shaburova N.A.
Published: August 2023

The paper proposes the composition of the saturating powder mixture and the method of thermal diffusion chromium plating using cumulative gratings, which ensures reliable production of an increased diffusion layer of chromium on the internal parts of the parts. The paper presents the results of saturation of bushings made of steel 40NiCrMo4KD at a temperature of 1000 °C for 24 hours using a nickel cumulative grating with a perforation density of 1 hole by 2 mm2. The control of the elemental composition of the diffusion layer was carried out on transverse sections in the direction from the saturating surface to the base metal of the sample using a JEOL JSM-6460 LV universal scanning (scanning) electron microscope. X-ray phase analysis (XPA) was carried out on an Ultima IV diffractometer, the radiation used was Cu Kα. The microhardness of the coatings was measured using an FM-800 microhardness tester. The use of a cumulative grating for the inner surface of the sleeve provided an increase in the depth of the chromium diffusion layer by 20 %. It is also shown that the use of a cumulative grating provides additional nickel alloying of both the surface of the saturating metal itself and the emerging outer diffusion layer, which leads to an increase in their hardness by 100...200 HV compared to similar areas saturated without the use of a cumulative grating.
Composite hard-lubricating coatings for pumps and pipe fittings
Authors: Fomenko R.N. , Kordyukov A.V.
Published: August 2023

The question of the use of hard-lubricating coatings for pipe fittings is considered. The technology of gas-plasma coating is described, the analysis of the coating structure is carried out. Tribotechnical properties of nickel-plated graphite and hexagonal boron nitride coatings were determined in comparison with the properties of corrosion-resistant steel EI961.
Improving of mechanical properties of AMg5 aluminum alloy obtained by additive growth and hardening technologies
Authors: Kabaldin Yu.G. , Anosov M.S. , Shatagin D.A. , Kolchin P.V. , Klochkova N.S.
Published: August 2023

The results of the study of the AMg5 alloy obtained by additive growing of products using the WAAM technology are presented. The evaluation of mechanical properties and fatigue strength and durability of the metal was carried out. The features of the propagation of micro- and macrocracks in the material during fatigue loading are studied. It is shown that the vibration effect on the 3D printing process provides an increase in the mechanical proper ties of the aluminum alloy.