bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beliefs and practices of physicians in Lebanon regarding promotional gifts and interactions with pharmaceutical companies
Authors: Shaarani Issam , Hasbini Jida , Farhat Reem , Safawi Nour , Sleiman Jamil , Hammoud Alaa Kassem , Fayad Tamara , Khazaal Dana , Elkhatib Oubaida , Berjaoui Hussein
Published: February 2024

Background: Pharmaceutical companies invest greatly in promotional gifts to influence prescription of medications by physicians, yet there is limited published information evaluating its impact on healthcare. Aim: This study aimed to assess the beliefs and practices of physicians in Lebanon regarding promotional gifts and their interactions with representatives of pharmaceutical companies. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2019 and January 2020 through an email-based questionnaire sent to 5936 physicians of different specialties registered in the Lebanese Order of Physicians. Assessment was done using a validated tool and data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26.0. Results: Of the 268 respondents, 188 (70.4%) reported that physicians in Lebanon accepted gifts from representatives of pharmaceutical companies. Most of the physicians (31.7%) interacted with company representatives more than once a week. Medication samples (251 respondents) and stationary items (222 respondents) were the most common gifts accepted by physicians who admitted accepting gifts. Overall, 225 (84.9%) respondents believed that prescriptions by physicians in Lebanon were influenced by the gifts. Only 74 (40.0%) of those who accepted gifts from pharmaceutical companies believed that it was unethical, and around half did not know if the Lebanese Code of Medical Ethics allowed them to accept gifts from pharmaceutical companies . Conclusion: Although physicians in Lebanon were aware of the effect that gifts from pharmaceutical companies could have on their prescription behaviours, many of them still accepted the gifts. This study provides evidence to policymakers for decision-making regarding ethical guidance on interactions between physicians and pharmaceutical companies in Lebanon.
Emergent spotted fever group Rickettsiae infections among hard ticks in Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Ghavami Mohammad Bagher , Alibabaei Zohreh , Jamavar Mohammad Reza , Taghiloo Behrooz
Published: February 2024

Background: Tick-borne rickettsioses have become a health concern worldwide following the increasing incidence in recent decades. However, there is limited information about these diseases in Islamic Republic of Iran. Aim: This cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the Rickettsia infection among ixodid ticks collected from cattle, sheep and goats in Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: The DNA of ixodid ticks collected from cattle, sheep and goats in 54 villages of Zanjan Province, Islamic Republic of Iran, were collected and analysed using a spectrophotometer. Rickettsial-positive samples were screened by targeting the htrA gene and fragments of gltA gene were analysed. The variables were analysed using descriptive statistics and the χ2 test was used to compare the variables. Results: A total of 528 ticks were tested. Overall, Rickettsia infection rate was 6.44%. Nine of the 12 tick species were infected. Rickettsial positive rates in Hyalomma marginatum and Dermacentor marginatus were 21.33% and 12.77%, respectively. R. aeschlimannii, the predominant rickettsia, was detected only in Hy. marginatum. R. raoultii, R. sibirica and R. slovaca comprised about half of the positive ticks and were recovered from more than one tick species. Conclusion: Considering the discovery of infected ticks in the Islamic Republic of Iran, there is a need to establish a tick control programme in the country, paying attention to populations at high-risk.
MENGGAGAS KONSEP MODERASI ISLAM UNTUK ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: A’la Moh. Rofikil , Shofwan Arif Muzayin , Husnah Ziadatul
Published: February 2024

Until now, the Islamic moderation term for early childhood is still very minimal. There are obstacles in explaining the terms of Islamic moderation in early childhood subjects, especially those who are still in the early stages of knowing the religion. Therefore, this paper tries to explore the concept of Islamic moderation for early childhood. This qualitative descriptive research uses a literature study in conducting its research. The data analysis technique uses content analysis by sorting out data according to the objectives and research problems. This paper produces several things as follows. First, Islamic moderation is a view or attitude that always tries to take a middle position from two opposing and excessive attitudes so that one of the two attitudes in question does not dominate in one's thoughts and attitudes. The basis is the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad "khairul umûr ausâthuha", meaning that the best problems are those in the middle. Second, Islamic moderation that can be implemented in early childhood has at least the following independent characteristics, including: (1) the existence of freedom rights that must be balanced with obligations; (2) there is a balance between worldly life and the hereafter, as well as material and spiritual. So that the civilization and progress achieved by Muslims are not a fictitious mirage, but essential and truly following what is expected, namely realizing goodness in the world and the hereafter and being kept away from the calamities and torments of hell
A Ecologia na Disciplina Escolar Biologia no Ensino Secundário em Pernambuco: Do Currículo Mínimo ao Novo Ensino Médio
Authors: Farias Gilmar Beserra de
Published: February 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de estabelecer a trajetória do componente Ecologia no currículo do ensino secundário de Pernambuco entre 1943 e 2023. Esta pesquisa documental e historiográfica utilizou como fontes livros didáticos, atas e relatórios da Coordenadoria de Ensino de Ciências do Nordeste (CECINE), programas de ensino e notícias publicadas em jornais. Para a elaboração da trajetória e análise desse componente, as informações foram organizadas a partir de duas perspectivas: (1) percepção da ciência Ecologia como área da Biologia e (2) percepção relacionada aos movimentos Ambientalistas e de Educação Ambiental. Entre 1940 e 1960, a Ecologia no ensino secundário foi apresentada como um conteúdo descritivo e pautado na História Natural. Em 1965, a Ecologia se atualizou a partir da modernização da ciência de referência e da utilização dos currículos estadunidenses utilizados nos cursos do CECINE. Na década de 1970, serviu como interlocutora para as questões ambientais e foi utilizada para justificar o discurso do desenvolvimento regional. Entre os anos de 1980 e 1990, disputou espaço com o Ambientalismo e a Educação Ambiental. Entre os anos 2000 e 2010, os conteúdos foram apresentados sempre no final do ensino médio e com uma nítida separação hierárquica entre a Ecologia e os temas socioambientais. Em 2023, a arquitetura escolar do Novo Ensino Médio em Pernambuco se estabeleceu como uma ameaça ao desenvolvimento dos conteúdos de Ecologia e fragilizou os debates sobre as questões socioambientais.
Factors Affecting Population Density and Mound Distribution of Mud Lobsters, Thalassina spp.
Authors: Jaroensutasinee Krisanadej , Jaroensutasinee Mullica , Detrattanawichai Songprat , Sparrow Elena
Published: February 2024

This study is the first to investigate factors affecting population density and mound distribution of mud lobsters, Thalassina spp., in Southern Thailand. Mud lobsters are essential for nutrient cycling and maintaining mangrove ecosystems through their bioturbation activities. This study was conducted by establishing three transect lines in a 5×350 m2area beginning 100 m from the edge of the river towards inland and composed of six subplots with 50-m intervals (i.e., 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350-m subplots). Numbers of mounds were recorded, and mound height and diameter basal area in each subplot were measured. Soil samples were collected, and moisture, grain size distribution, and pH were measured. The results showed that soil grain size was mostly less than 250 μm with an average soil pH of 4.48. The mound density and mound height increased with increased distance from the river (i.e., 267 mounds per hectare at 100 m increased to 1,734 mounds per hectare at 350 m from the river edge) and with decreased soil moisture (72.6% to 65.9%). This indicated that the mud lobsters preferred to build more and higher mounds farther away from the river edge, where they were less affected by the tide and the soil was drier. Findings also indicated that mud lobsters used resource partitioning to reduce intraspecific competition. This study is the first to show that mounds associated with prop roots had greater heights than mounds without prop roots nearby. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-012 Full Text: PDF
The Impact of Liquidity and Corporate Efficiency on Profitability
Authors: Nguyen Thuy Thi Cam , Hong Le Anh Thi , Nguyen Cong Van
Published: February 2024

This study aims to investigate and determine the trend and extent of the impact of a company's liquidity and efficiency on profitability. Research data is collected on the audited financial statements of Vietnam's top 100 listed companies. Regression models (pooled OLS, FEM, and REM) and necessary tests are used to select the appropriate analysis model. Model defects are overcome by GLS regression. The research results confirm the strong, positive impact of liquidity, company efficiency, and company growth rate on profitability. In addition, the research results also demonstrate a significant negative impact between financial leverage and profitability. This article is the first study to simultaneously address the effects of liquidity and corporate efficiency on profitability. Furthermore, it is the first empirical study applying GLS regression to analyze the impact of liquidity and corporate efficiency on the top 100 listed companies in the Vietnamese market. This market provides an ideal analytical framework because of its heterogeneity in terms of its history of origin and development and its political, cultural, social, and governance characteristics. To make the research results more general, future studies can expand the scope of the survey to all companies listed on the stock market. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-013 Full Text: PDF
Design and Analysis of a Bandwidth Aware Adaptive Multipath N-Channel Routing Protocol for 5G Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Singh Satyanand , Rosak-Szyrocka Joanna , Lukàcs Balàzs
Published: February 2024

Large numbers of mobile wireless nodes that can move randomly and join or leave the network at any moment make up mobile ad-hoc networks. A significant number of messages are delivered during information exchange in populated regions because of the Internet of Things' (IoT) exponential increase in connected devices. Congestion can increase transmission latency and packet loss by causing congestion. More network size, increased network traffic, and high mobility that necessitate dynamic topology make this problem worse. An adaptive Multipath Multichannel Energy Efficient (AMMEE) routing strategy is proposed in this study, in which route selection strategies depend on forecasted energy consumption per packet, available bandwidth, queue length, and channel utilization. While multichannel uses a channel-ideal assignment process to lessen network collisions, multipath offers various paths and balances network strain. The link bandwidth is split up into a few sub-channels in the multichannel mechanism. To reduce network collisions, several source nodes simultaneously access the channel bandwidth. The cooperative multipath multichannel technique offers several paths from a single source or from several sources to the destination without colliding or becoming congested. The AMMEE routing approach is the basis for path selection. A load- and bandwidth-aware routing mechanism in the proposed AMMEE chooses the path based on node energy and forecasts their lifetime, which improves network dependability. The outcome demonstrates a comparative analysis of various multichannel medium access control (MMAC) techniques, including Parallel Rendezvous Multi Channel Medium Access Protocol (PRMMAC), Quality of Service Ad hoc On Demand Multipath Distance Vector (QoS-AOMDV), Q-learning-based Multipath Routing (QMR), and Topological Change Adaptive Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (TA-AOMDV) and the proposed AMMEE method. The results show that the AMMEE approach outperforms alternative systems. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-018 Full Text: PDF
Artificial Intelligence for Impact Assessment of Administrative Burdens
Authors: Costa Victor , Coelho Pedro , Castelli Mauro
Published: February 2024

This study proposes the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to automatize part of the legislative impact assessment process. In particular, the focus of this study is the automatic identification of administrative burdens from legislative documents. The goal of impact assessment for administrative burdens is to apply an evidence-based approach toward compliance costs generated by regulation. Employing advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques based on a transformer architecture, a system was specifically developed and tested using Portuguese legislation. The experimental phase involved the system's ability to accurately and comprehensively identify administrative burdens. Experimental results demonstrated the system's effectiveness, showing its suitability for supporting the legislative impact assessment process by automating a time-consuming task. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt concerning the use of AI for automatizing the identification of administrative burdens. The proposed system may provide governments and policymakers with a tool to speed up the legislative impact assessment process, thereby streamlining decision-making processes. Moreover, the use of AI can make the legislative impact assessment process less subjective, thus increasing its transparency and making citizens more confident about the impartiality of the process that leads to new legislation. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-019 Full Text: PDF
Optimizing Cr(VI) Reduction in Plastic Chromium Plating Wastewater: Particle Size, Irradiation, Titanium Dose
Authors: Santis Angelica , Arbeláez Oscar , Cardenas Luz Angelica , Castellanos Jaritza , Velasquez Pablo
Published: February 2024

The preservation of the aquatic environment and water systems has been a fundamental objective that has led great scientists and researchers to seek new alternatives or techniques that allow the decontamination of water sources. The plastic chromium plating industries have been identified as important sources of contamination since their residues are characterized by having considerable amounts of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI), which alters the stability of water resources and can affect effluents on the surface and the subsoil. Given this problem, the need to improve the usual methods and techniques for wastewater treatment with more effective solutions, such as photocatalysis, which presents significant advantages over the inefficiency of traditional methods, is recognized. However, given the limited availability of research in the country that addresses the removal of hexavalent chromium from the wastewater of these industries, this work focuses on optimizing the process by varying conditions of variables such as particle size, catalyst dose, and irradiation time. The optimization of the photocatalysis process was evaluated using the Box-Behnken experimental design. The results show that contaminant removal occurred when the particle size was 0.177 mm. This particle size showed the highest photocatalytic activity, with 100% removal at 45 minutes. These findings represent a significant step towards solving the problem of contamination in this business sector by this pollutant and contribute to preserving our water resources. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-02 Full Text: PDF
Design and Study the Performance of a CMOS-Based Ring Oscillator Architecture for 5G Mobile Communication
Authors: Rahman Abdul , Kishore Siddharth , Abdul Rajak A. R.
Published: February 2024

Oscillator circuits are used to make accurate and reliable clock signals for systems as simple as a wristwatch and as complicated as satellites, which are important for long-distance communication. There are many ways to build an oscillator circuit, using either passive or active parts. Each option has pros and cons, but at the current level of mobile communication development, the most important things are interoperability and low power use. This need has driven the development of compact, battery-operated electronics, and Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI)-based ring oscillators provide the ideal solution. These oscillators ought to dissipate less power, have a large tuning range, and be compact. The paper presents a novel Complementary Metal Oxide Silicon (CMOS) ring oscillator that serves as a Voltage Controlled Oscillator. The suggested architecture utilizes the advantages of both a current-starved ring oscillator and a negative-skewed delay by combining their constituent parts. The proposed architecture has a control voltage of 1.15 V and a supply voltage of 2 V, generating a 9.35 GHz dominant frequency with a 13.82% harmonic distortion between the inputs and outputs. The proposed architecture can implement 5G-based applications that require high frequency and low power by carefully selecting the passive components within the design. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-020 Full Text: PDF
The Role of Product Visual Appeal and Sale Promotion Program on Consumer Impulsive Buying Behavior
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hong Nguyet , Tran Nguyen Khanh Hai , Do Khoa , Tran Van Dung
Published: February 2024

The study aims at investigating the impact on relationships among visual appeals of products, sales promotion programs, and instant gratification factors on consumers’ impulsive buying behavior. The study comprises two stages using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. In detail, qualitative research is applied in the first stage to explore the factors that might influence consumers' online impulsive buying behavior and examine the relationship among the factors. The quantitative research is conducted in Vietnam. The 362 Vietnam-collected valid questionnaires were analyzed using Cronbach alpha, exploring factor analysis (EFA), confirmed factor analysis (CFA), and structural equal model (SEM) to check the measurement values and test the proposed hypotheses. The result shows that product visual appeal and sales promotion programs have a positive impact on instant gratification factors and impulsive buying behaviors. Moreover, the research proved the direct influence of instant gratification factors on consumers’ impulsive buying behavior. The findings contribute to expanding measured values and provide several suggested solutions for the practical management of business strategy. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-021 Full Text: PDF
Environmental Effects on Parameters of Leakage Current Equivalent Circuits of Outdoor Insulators
Authors: Bagaskara Adjie , Rachmawati . , Suwarno .
Published: February 2024

The performance of outdoor insulators in transmission lines may deteriorate due to aging and can even be enhanced by the presence of pollutants. Leakage current (LC) measurement is one of the most effective methods to diagnose the insulator condition, utilizing LC parameters such as magnitude and total harmonic distortion (THD). However, research on the interpretation of these parameters is still limited. This paper discusses the diagnostic method by simulation, employing the LC equivalent circuits of different types of insulators and examining the influence of environmental factors, such as humidity and pollutant levels. LC waveforms are first obtained through experiments on various insulator types, including traditional ceramic and glass insulators, advanced composite insulators, or the hybrid type of RTV silicone rubber-coated and conducting glazed insulators. Subsequently, simulations on the LC circuits of Suwarno’s and Kizilcay’s models are performed to obtain similar LC waveforms and properties. The values of the equivalent circuit parameters are then used to diagnose each insulator’s characteristics and environmental effects. The results indicate that composite insulators of epoxy resin or SiR have a larger intrinsic resistance of ~40 GΩ and nonlinear resistance (a few MΩ to tens of GΩ), representing high surface resistance of the insulators against water and pollutants. A comparison of these parameters is expected to indicate the severity levels of insulator condition. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-022 Full Text: PDF
Light-Weight Deep Learning Model for Accelerating the Classification of Mango-Leaf Disease
Authors: Mahmud Bahar Uddin , Al Mamun Abdullah , Hossen Md Jakir , Hong Guan Yue , Jahan Busrat
Published: February 2024

Mango leaf diseases represent a serious threat to world agriculture, necessitating prompt and accurate detection to avert catastrophic effects. In response, this study suggests a light-weight, deep learning-based method for automatically classifying mango leaf diseases. The model is based on the original DenseNet architecture, which is well known for its effectiveness in image classification tasks. Custom layers have been added over the existing layer of the original DenseNet model. The proposed model has been compared with other existing pre-trained models. Based on comparisons, the proposed model, DenseNet78, proved to be efficient even on a relatively small dataset, where the conventional model failed. The proposed model ensured generalization across regions, disease variants, and diverse datasets of mango leaves. The results demonstrate that the fine-tuned DenseNet architecture (DenseNet78), along with an ideal growth rate, modifying block size, and a number of layers, provides optimum accuracy, with 99.47% accuracy in identifying healthy mango leaves and 99.44% accuracy in detecting various mango leaf diseases. The results also demonstrate that the model is effective in accelerating the training process because of careful comparative analysis of all the available alternatives, including the most effective combination of optimizers, learning rate schedulers, and loss functions. The study's conclusion is an automated approach for diagnosing mango leaf disease using an improved and optimized DenseNet architecture (DenseNet78). Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-03 Full Text: PDF
The Influence of Factors on the Demand for Performance Auditing in the Public Sector
Authors: Tuan Dang Anh , Dung Nguyen Ngoc Khanh
Published: February 2024

Performance audits (PA) are becoming essential in supreme audit institutions (SAIs). This study aims to explain why developing countries need to expand the function of PA and to explore and measure the impact of each factor on the need to develop PA in Vietnam. The research combines qualitative (group discussion) and quantitative methods by surveying 157 state auditors of the State Audit of Vietnam (SAV). Data is processed through SmartPLS 4.0.8.5 to verify the measurement and linear structure models. The results of the statistical analysis also show that all three factors have an impact on the development of PA, including (i) the degree of public governance reform, (ii) the accountability of SAV, and (iii) occupational influence. Besides, the model test results show that, from the perspective of SAV, the need to improve performance is higher than accountability. Public governance reform factors, external support, and SAI accountability contribute to enhancing the value of PA. The findings of this study complement the audit theory on three fronts: (i) PA will become more important when pursuing the goal of increasing accountability rather than improving performance; (ii) PA continues to evolve to adapt to social changes; and (iii) additional empirical evidence demonstrating that countries with low levels of transparency and accountability and inconsistent legal systems have higher audit “demand” but low supply of PA. This study proposes a PA development model to: (i) forecast the ability and level of the development audit of each SAI; and (ii) contribute to enhancing the value of PA using the PA topic selection tool. In addition, the developed scale is tested to ensure its reliability and validity. So this scale can be used to survey the needs, feasibility, and expected value that each audit subject brings before and after implementation. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-01-07 Full Text: PDF
DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE WORLD OCEAN: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Yubko V. M. , Ponomareva I. N. , Lygina T. I.
Published: February 2024

The article provides ideas about the international legal conditions in which the process of development of mineral resources of the World Ocean floor takes place, about the purpose of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, adopted in 1982, and about the role, powers and functions of the International Seabed Authority (ISA). Brief information is provided on the activities of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation to ensure the country’s geopolitical interests in the field of study and development of ocean minerals, and the main program activities for the implementation of the “Maritime Doctrine of the Russian Federation” and the “Strategy for the development of maritime activities of the Russian Federation until 2030” are outlined to carry out tasks for the geological study and development of mineral resources of the World Ocean.
GLEB BORISOVICH UDINTSEV (1923–2017) IN MEMORY OF GLEB
Authors: Mirlin E. G.
Published: February 2024

The article is dedicated to the memory of the Soviet and Russian oceanologist-geomorphologist, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Geography, Professor, twice winner of the State Prize of the USSR (1969, 1977) – Gleb Borisovich Udintsev, who headed from 1965 to 1976. Laboratory of tectonics and geophysics of the ocean floor of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
IN MEMORY OF MIKHAIL EVGENIEVICH MELNIKOV (12.02.1961–29.02.2016)
Authors: Lygina T. I.
Published: February 2024

The article is dedicated to the memory of Mikhail Evgenievich Melnikov, an outstanding researcher of a new type of minerals – cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts (CFC) of the World Ocean. M. E. Melnikov, scientist and practitioner, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, leading geologist of the State Scientific Center “Yuzhmorgeologiya”, head of the work on the preparation of materials for submission on behalf of the Russian Federation of an Application to the International Seabed Authority (ISA, Authority) for approval of the work plan for exploration of the CFC. The work of the team headed by Mikhail Evgenievich culminated in 2015 with the conclusion between the Authority and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation of a contract for the exploration of CFC and the receipt of the exclusive right to explore polymetallic ores in the Russian exploration area of cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts (RRR–CFC), located in the western part of the Pacific ocean on the Magellan Seamounts. Melnikov M. E. headed geological exploration work in the area of the Russian exploration area of KMK, supervising offshore field and office work. The article presents biographical data, highlights the scientific achievements and personal qualities of M. E. Melnikov
IN MEMORY OF THE VALERIY MIKHAILOVICH YUBKO (19.05.1950–01.06.2022)
Authors: Lygina T. I.
Published: February 2024

The article is dedicated to the memory of Valeriy Mikhailovich Yubko, Honored Geologist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, an outstanding specialist in the field of marine geological and geophysical research and the geology of oceanic solid minerals – ferromanganese nodules and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts of the World Ocean, who headed the geological service for 15 years State Scientific Center JSC (until 2016 FGUGP) “Yuzhmorgeology”, and in recent years acting as the Scientific Secretary of the State Scientific Center. The article presents biographical data, highlights the scientific achievements and personal qualities of V. M. Yubko.
85 YEARS OLD MARINE GEOLOGIST E. G. MIRLIN
Authors: Gorodnitsky A. M. , Oganesyan L. V. , Sviridov S. A.
Published: February 2024

December 16, 2023 to the former chief researcher of the V. I. Vernadsky State Geological Museum of the RAS, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Evgeniy Mirlin turned 85 years old. The main direction of E. G. Mirlin’s research is the study of lithospheric plates and rifting, mineralogy, geodynamics and minerals, magnetic heterogeneity of the Earth’s crust and the structure of the spreading zones of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Dr. Mirlin took part in many expeditions to various regions of the World Ocean, and in 1975, together with colleagues from the United States, took part in an expedition on the ship “Knorr” in the North Atlantic, where the tectonics of the ocean floor was studied using deepsea towed vehicles. He processed experimental data at leading research centers in the USA: the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of California. Awarded orders and medals: in 1982 E. G. Mirlin led the country’s first oceanological expedition to Lake Baikal, where the “Pysis” underwater manned vehicles were used for the first time, as a result of which he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. For his great contribution to the geological structure of the subsoil, in 1999 he was awarded the “Excellence in Subsoil Exploration” badge; in 2002 the “Honorary Subsoil Prospector” badge; in 2011 the “Academician A. L. Yanshin” medal; in 2012 – the sign “Mining Glory” of the third degree.
SOURCES OF ENDOGENOUS AND ORE MATERIAL IN WORLD OCEAN: MORPHOTECTONICS, GEODYNAMICS, SCALE
Authors: Mirlin E. G. , Сhesalova E. I.
Published: February 2024

The basis of the work is the postulate of V. I. Smirnov that the metallogeny of the ocean is determined by basaltoid magmatism. The morphotectonics and geodynamic position of the structures of the World Ocean, the evolution of which was accompanied by the outpouring of basalt lavas to the bottom and their interaction with ocean water and ocean biota, were characterized by the analysis of multi-scale geological and geophysical date. Two categories of global morphostructures are identified as potential sources of endogenic and ore matter: the first are genetically related to the accretion of the lithosphere at the boundaries of plate separation, the second – with intraplate volcanic-tectonic processes. Comparative estimates of the scale of the substance intake for the two categories have been carried out and it is shown that they may differ slightly or be close.
COMPARATIVE MINERAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF SOLID MINERALS OF THE LAND AND THE WORLD OCEAN
Authors: Oganesyan L. V.
Published: February 2024

There are no analogues of the main types of ocean ores (IMN, CMC, DPS), taking into account their composition, conditions of occurrence and morphology of ore bodies on land. They represent new, industrial-genetic types of ore deposits. The degree of study of the IMN and CMC allows us to assess their ore potential between the categories of reserves C1 and C2, and GPS between the forecast resources P1 and P2. When assessing their resource potential, a new interval version of such categories was used.
MINERAL RESOURCES OF SOLID MINERALS OF THE WORLD OCEAN: MODERN REALITES AND ORE POTENTIAL
Authors: Oganesyan L. V. , Mirlin E. G.
Published: February 2024

Based on quantitative indicators of accumulations of the main types of solid minerals of the World Ocean: iron-manganese nodules, cobalt-rich manganese crusts and deep-sea polymetallic sulfides, an assessment of the ore potential was carried out both on the scale of the entire ocean and within the application areas of the Russian Federation. A price assessment of all types of ocean ores has been carried out, while it is shown that it is only a rank guideline indicating their exceptional importance for global mineral resource security.
GEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION WORKS AT THE DEPOSIT OF COBALT-RICH FERROMANGANESE CRUSTS WITHIN THE RUSSIAN EXPLORATION AREA OF THE MAGELLAN MOUNTAINS OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN: HISTORY AND RESEARCH RESULTS
Authors: Ponomareva I. N. , Yubko V. M. , Khulapova T. M. , Pulyaeva I. A. , Lygina T. I.
Published: February 2024

The article highlights the history of russian research on cobalt-reach ferromanganese crusts (CFC) occurring in the Magellan Seamounts region of the Pacific Ocean, and presents the main results of geological exploration work carried out in the Russian license area in the Pacific Ocean – the Russian Exploration Area of Cobalt-rich Ferromanganese Crusts (REACFC). The article describes the contractual obligations to the International Seabed Authority (ISBA) that the Russian Federation has under a fifteen-year contract with the Authority for the exploration of cobalt-reach ferromanganese crusts. The article also outlines the main results of studying the baseline ecological characteristics of the natural environment in the Russian Exploration Area for cobalt-reach ferromanganese crusts. Information is provided on the fulfillment of other contractual obligations to the International Seabed Authority: scientific research and development works on the development of exploration and production technologies, technologies for processing CFC, training personnel for the International Seabed Authority, and fulfillment of financial obligations.
THREE YEARS OF THE UN DECADE, OF OCEAN SCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Shapovalov S. M.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to describing the results of 3 years of implementation of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030). The procedure for the Decade Coordination Group to receive applications for participation in response to Calls for Action is covered. The level of the Russian Federation’s contribution to the implementation of the Decade plan is shown and a call is made to intensify activities within the framework of the Decade.
Economic valuation approach to calculating pollution loads in Kenjeran area, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Mauludiyah
Published: February 2024

Environmental pollution is not a new problem in the Kenjeran, Surabaya coastal area. There are numerous studies show that these waters have been polluted. However, there is no specific study on the economic valuation of environmental impacts due to pollution that occurs in the area. The purpose of this study was to estimate the costs incurred from pollution that occurred in the Kenjeran coastal area. The estimation of the cost of pollution is done by calculating the decrease in fishery productivity and the tourism sector, and the increase in health and water treatment costs. Data collection techniques were carried out through secondary data collection, interviews, questionnaires, field surveys, and focused group discussions. The calculation results show that the costs incurred from pollution that occur in the coastal area of Kenjeran are Rp. 452,724,903,588,63 include (1) a decrease in fishery productivity in the form of lost fisherman income of Rp. 28,728,000,000.00; (2) a decrease in the tourism sector by Rp. 27,728,112,300.00; (3) the increase in health costs includes the cost of carcinogenic risk of Rp. 363,626,479,099.79 and gastroenteritis of Rp. 32,552,893,425.42; and (4) an increase in the cost of water treatment by Rp. 89,418,763.42. This effort is needed to remind policy makers of the importance of paying attention to the impacts arising from an activity on the environment and society as well as to show that environmental aspects are an important potential for long-term sustainable development activities and not as an obstacle to development.
Economic valuation of Pade'an Hamlet mangrove forest, Jarangan Village, Rejoso District, Pasuruan Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Jannah Thoriqul , Rafsanzani Ivan Aprilio , Rachmawati Nabila , Cynthia Afifah Fitri
Published: February 2024

The mangrove ecosystem has enormous benefits for the community, especially for people who live on the coast, including the mangroves in the Pade'an Hamlet, Jarangan Village, Rejoso District, Pasuruan Regency. This study aims to determine the economic value of mangrove forest in Pade’an Hamlet area using total economic value approach. This study used descriptive analysis to explain the activity of utilizing the natural resources of the mangrove ecosystem and quantitative analysis to calculate the total economic value of the mangrove ecosystem. The economic value of mangrove forests in the Pade'an Hamlet area per year is IDR 10,092,881,400.00. The total economic value obtained from the direct-use value (utilization of the fisheries sector) amounted to IDR 7,593,550,000.00/year, indirect-use value (abrasion restraints) amounted to IDR 2,335,952,000.00/year, option value (biodiversity) amounted to IDR 13,379,400.00/year, and existence value calculated from the willingness to pay of the local community is IDR 150,000,000.00/year. The magnitude of the total economic value of the mangrove ecosystem in Pade’an Hamlet area indicates that the mangrove ecosystem provides huge of essential benefits to the community.
Economic value estimation of Sontoh Laut mangrove ecosystem, Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Nor Azril Reza Tri Septian , Firmansyah Iqbal Putra , Kurniawan Fadila Angga , Masyitoh Dewi Laela
Published: February 2024

Mangrove ecosystems provide many benefits both indirectly (non-economic value) or directly (economic value) to human life. Mangrove ecosystem has a role as nursery ground, feeding ground, and spawning ground for a number of associated biotas. Mangroves also play the role of pollutant absorbers and abrasion prevention. This study aims to estimate the total economic value (TEV) of Sontoh Laut mangrove ecosystem in Tambak Sarioso Village, Asemrowo District, Surabaya, Indonesia. Using total economic valuation methodology, the economic value of Sontoh Laut mangrove ecosystem is estimated IDR 7,976,672,305. The value of direct use as milkfish ponds, salt ponds, and tourism in the amount of IDR 1,551,435,267. Indirect use value as feeding, nursery, and spawning ground and coastal protection in the amount of IDR 4,921,379,060. Option value (biodiversity), existence value, and bequest value are IDR 2,026,451, IDR 1,346,688,000, and IDR 155,143,526, respectively. The results of the study show that the mangrove resources must be managed based on sustainable basis in line with balanced economic development.
Analysis of the level of community resilience to tidal flood disaster in Banyuwangi Village, Manyar District, Gresik, East Java
Authors: Darmawan Ridwan , Sawiji Asri
Published: February 2024

Banyuwangi Village is a coastal area located in Manyar District, Gresik, East Java covering an area of 417.3982 Ha. The village has a population of 2239 people. This study aims to assess the level of community resilience affected by the tidal flood in Banyuwangi Village, Manyar District, Gresik Regency particularly in four dimensions i.e. social dimension, economic dimension, preparedness dimension, and physical dimension. The level of community resilience to tidal floods is analyzed through the Resilience Radar. Each aspect of each dimension is then analyzed to calculate the aggregate resilience index in a value range between 0.00 – 1.00. The results of the research found that the element with highest average value is the economic dimension (0.375) and the element with lowest average value is the social dimension (0.075). In aggregate, communities in Banyuwangi Village have a low level of resilience in facing flood tidal disasters.
Community resilience to flood disaster in Krajan Village, Waru District, Sidoarjo, East Java
Authors: Azzahro Ayu Fatimah
Published: February 2024

Floods that occur in Waru District often hit Krajan Village as one of the areas that is prone to flooding. Communities need to have resilience in order to be able to manage disasters well through adaptation, maintain basic functions and bounce back immediately after a disaster. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the level of resilience of the Krajan Village community in facing floods.  In this research, Climate and Disaster Resilience Initiative (CDRI) was chosen as the main approach because of its suitability for application in the study area. This type of research method is quantitative with a descriptive survey research design. The population in this study were residents of Krajan Village, Waru District, as the area most affected by flooding. Data collection was carried out deliberately to 45 respondents whose houses were scattered throughout Krajan Village. Data analysis was carried out using simple tabulations and quantitative descriptives. The results showed that the people of Krajan Village, Waru District, on average, have higher resilience to flood disasters. Most of the respondents have a high level of resilience on economic dimension and have a low level of resilience on institutional dimension.
Analysis of heavy metals in waters, sediments, and blood clams (Anadara granosa) in the pond at Sidoarjo Regency
Authors: Saputra Andika Keessa , Sawiji Asri , Maisaroh Dian Sari
Published: February 2024

As industry continues to develop, both the oil and gas industry, agriculture and other non-oil and gas industries, the level of environmental pollution in Sidoarjo Regency is also increasing. Heavy metals are one of the pollutants in domestic waste and industrial waste which can affect river water quality and can have negative impacts on humans and the environment. The aim of this research is to determine the concentration of the heavy metals lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in water, sediment and blood clam meat, determine the maximum consumption limit for the heavy metals Pb and Cd contained in blood clams, and determine relationship between Pb and Cd concentrations in waters, sediments and blood clams at research study, Tambak Cemandi and Banjar Kemuning station. The sampling method in this research used random sampling. Testing for heavy metals Pb and Cd uses Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The research results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals Pb and Cd in the waters, sediments and blood clams at the research location had exceeded the established safe limits. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between Pb and Cd concentrations in waters, sediments and blood clams.
Analysis of the level of community resilience to tidal flood disaster in Karangagung Village, Palang District, Tuban Regency, East Java
Authors: Nikmah Lailatul
Published: February 2024

Tidal floods are inundations of water on the coastal plain due to high tide. Tidal floods are caused by tidal phenomena and excessive sea water intrusion due to rain. The level of resilience of coastal communities needs to be studied in order to minimize the impact and obtain recommendations for increasing the resilience of coastal communities to the threat of disasters. The aim of this research is to determine the level of community resilience to tidal floods in Karangagung Village, Palang District, Tuban Regency, East Java. The level of community resilience to tidal floods was analyzed using the Coastal Community Resilience (CCR) method. The results of the level of community resilience in facing tidal floods in Karangagung Village, Palang District, Tuban Regency have a value of 3.96 in the high category.
Implementation of Marpol 73/78 Annex I to prevent oil spills at Tanjung Perak Port, Surabaya
Authors: Alam Muhamad Helga Fairuuz
Published: February 2024

The increase in shipping activities is directly proportional to the threat of oil spills in the ocean, both from operational activities and ship accidents. Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya has heavy traffic and continues to increase every year. This condition can pose a threat of increasing the risk of oil spills. Appropriate actions are needed to minimize the percentage of oil spill threats, one of which is by enforcing MARPOL 73/78 regulations which are intended for tankers. Specifically, MARPOL 73/78 Annex 1 is a regulation regarding marine pollution caused by oil or its derivatives from ship operational activities or accidental discharge of oil. This problem is the basis for the need to carry out research regarding the study of the implementation of MARPOL 73/78 Annex I to prevent oil spills at the Tanjung Perak Port, Surabaya, especially at the Nilam Terminal. Through distributing questionnaires, it was discovered that the prevention of oil spills at the Nilam Terminal-Tanjung Perak Port, Surabaya, carried out by 5 tankers, had an average assessment score of 18.4 or 92%, which means that the majority of oil tankers were very good at implementing international standards. MARPOL regulation 73/78 Annex I at Tanjung Perak Port, Surabaya.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, LIKUIDITAS DAN STRUKTUR MODAL TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2018-2020
Authors: Ahyuni Devi Tri , Wahyuddin Wahyuddin , Razif Razif , Ikhyanuddin Ikhyanuddin
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh profitabilitas, likuiditas dan strukturmodal terhadap nilai perusahaan pada perusahaan sektor ritel yang terdaftar di bursa efek Indonesia periode 2018-2020. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan ritel yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Dalam penarikan sampel, penulis menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yaitu metode penarikan sampel dengan menggunakan kriteria tertentu. Data yang diperoleh dari publikasi Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan 12 sampel dengan 3 tahun penelitian sehingga totalnya sebanyak 36 observasi dengan estimasi regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa variabel profitabilitas dan sturktur modal berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan, sedangkan variabel likuiditas tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan.
Modelling Analisis Standar Belanja Dalam Menilai Kewajaran Belanja Pada Pemerintahan Kota Lhoksuemawe Tahun 2020
Authors: Sari Tri Inka , Arliansyah Arliasyah , Yunita Nur Afni , Murhaban Murhaban
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Analisis Standar Belanja dalam menilai kewajaran belanja pada pemerintahan kota Lhokseumawe, dan membantu mengembangkan hubungan formal tersebut dengan menggunakan perilaku biaya dan konsep biaya berdasarkan aktivitas yang disebut sebagai analisis standar pengeluaran. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan sumber data sekunder yakni laporan realisasi anggaran dan dokumen pelaksanaan anggaran yang diperoleh dalam bentuk sudah jadi, yang dikumpulkan dan diolah oleh pihak lain. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah reduksi data yakni merangkum, memilih hal-hal yang pokok, penyajian data, ferivikasi/kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan di Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah kota Lhokseumawe mengenai Analisis standar belanja ini dilakukan dengan menginventarisir data sampel kegiatan pada tahun 2020 di 34 SKPK.