bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN OBAT PADA PASIEN GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD) RAWAT JALAN DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PURBOWANGI GOMBONG PERIODE TAHUN 2019-2020
Authors: Marsiyah Animei
Published: November 2022

Latar Belakang   : Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) merupakan salah satu penyakit saluran pencernaan yang menyerang lambung, yang diakibatkan karena kembalinya isi dari lambung yang masuk dalam kerongkongan, dengan berbagai tanda dan gejala seperti Heartburn dan Regurgitasi. Penyakit ini sering dianggap penyakit yang normal, namun penyakit ini dapat menyebabkan kekambuhan sampai dengan kematian, dimana jika hal ini dibiarkan akan menyebabkan keparahan dan pada akhirnya asam lambung akan terluka dan terjadi ulkus sehingga akan menyebabkan muntah darah. Salah satu tatalaksana penyakit ini yaitu dengan pemberian obat golongan H2RA, Antasida, Sucralfat dan PPI yang penggunaannya perlu dievaluasi untuk menjamin mutu dan efektivitas terapi Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) yang meliputi tepat indikasi, tepat pasien, tepat obat dan tepat dosis (4 T).

Tujuan Penelitian   : Mengetahui ketepatan penggunaan obat pada pasien Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit Umum Purbowangi Gombong yang ditinjau dari aspek tepat indikasi, tepat obat, tepat pasien dan tepat dosis.

Metode Penelitian : Penelitian non eksperimental dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif, teknik pengambilan sampel total sampling dan dianalisis secara deskriptif.

Hasil Penelitian   : Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh 81 kasus Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Data yang dihasilkan kemudian dibandingkan dengan Koda Kimble 2013. Didapatkan hasil 100% tepat indikasi, 95% tepat pasien, 85% tepat obat dan 33% tepat dosis di Rumah Sakit Umum Purbowangi Gombong periode tahun 2019-2020..

Kesimpulan   : Evaluasi penggunaan obat untuk menangani Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) diketahui bahwa sudah tepat indikasi, tepat pasien, tepat obat dan tepat dosis sesuai dengan Koda Kimble 2013.
Evaluasi Kesesuaian Penyimpanan Obat Di Salah Satu Apotek Kota Cimahi
Authors: Elis Susilawati Elis Susilawati
Published: November 2022

Penyimpanan merupakan salah satu faktor utama dalam pemeliharaan mutu obat dengan menyimpan secara tepat dan sesuai dengan standar yang telah ditetapkan, jika hal tersebut tidak dilakukan akan menyebabkan mutu obat tidak terjamin selama penyimpanan di apotek. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana penyimpanan obat dan seberapa besar persentase kesesuaian sistem penyimpanan obat di salah satu Apotek Kota Cimahi Berdasarkan Petunjuk Teknis Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek Tahun 2019. Penelitian menggunakan metode observasional yang bersifat deskriptif dan evaluasi menggunakan lembar tabel checklist. Penyimpanan obat di salah satu Apotek Kota Cimahi disimpan berdasarkan bentuk sediaan, kelas terapi, stabilitas serta ditata secara alfabetis dengan sistem pengeluaran menggunakan sistem FEFO. Sistem penyimpanan obat di apotek yang sesuai dengan Petunjuk Teknis Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian yaitu sebesar 86,36 % sedangkan yang tidak sesuai dengan Petunjuk Teknis Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian yaitu sebesar 13,64% diantaranya penyimpanan LASA atau NORUM yang berdekatan, pencatatan pada kartu stok yang kurang optimal dan tidak adanya listrik cadangan. Sistem penyimpanan di salah satu Apotek Kota Cimahi belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan Petunjuk Teknis Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian.
Approches analytiques en biogéographie : progrès et défis
Authors: SANMARTÍN Isabel
Published: November 2022

Ce chapitre présente une introduction aux méthodes analytiques en biogéographie : que nous apprennent les relations phylogénétiques sur les processus fondamentaux qui ont façonné la répartition des espèces sur Terre ? Des méthodes cladistiques, axées sur les modèles biogéographiques, nous passons à la biogéographie événementielle, incorporant les mécanismes sous-jacents, et, plus récemment, aux méthodes paramétriques, avec l'intégration du temps tant recherchée. Enfin, la discipline s'est récemment enrichie de sources d'information supplémentaires provenant des archives fossiles, de l'écologie des espèces et des reconstructions paléogéographiques, ainsi que de l'intégration des processus au niveau des populations.
Aperçu de la biogéographie des eaux douces
Authors: OIKONOMOU Anthi
Published: November 2022

Les écosystèmes d'eaux douces n'occupent que 2,3 % de la surface de la Terre, mais abritent une part importante des taxons les plus diverses et endémiques du monde. On estime qu'ils abritent 12 % de la faune mondiale et un tiers (18 000 espèces) de la richesse mondiale en espèces de vertébrés. Dans ce chapitre, l'auteur rassemble des résultats théoriques et empiriques récents et des patrons à des échelles multiples. Tous deux peuvent offrir une feuille de route pour identifier de nouvelles voies de recherche et des défis futurs dans le domaine de la biogéographie des eaux douces, laquelle doit être prise en compte pour sauvegarder l'état des écosystèmes aquatiques. Le gradient latitudinal de la richesse en espèces, l'effet des facteurs historiques, environnementaux et géographiques sur la diversité des espèces et les modèles de relation espèce-espace (SAR) dans les eaux douces sont discutés. Les progrès scientifiques récents dans un ensemble de défis fondamentaux (assemblage de communautés, concept de métacommunauté et diversité bêta) sont présentés.
EMPLOYMENT IN SOCIAL ENTERPRISES WITHIN THE TYPOLOGY OF EMPLOYMENT MODELS FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
Authors: Uršič Anja
Published: November 2022

On the basis of a systematic review of the literature, this article addresses the issue of employment of people with disabilities and analyzes current trends in disability employment to classify employment in social enterprises in the typology of employment models for people with disabilities. For the purpose of classification, the article also identifies individual models of disability which coincide with the characteristics of employment in social enterprises. The upgraded typology is the main contribution of the article; it could serve as an important classification tool for individual approaches to this issue, and thus help to develop appropriate policies for the employment of people with disabilities through a comparative analysis of individual countries. Keywords: employment, typology of employment models, people with disabilities, social enterprises, work-integration social enterprises, models of disability
Uncertainty in Parameterized Convection Remains a Key Obstacle for Estimating Surface Fluxes of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Schuh Andrew E. , Jacobson Andrew R.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The analysis of observed atmospheric trace gas mole fractions to infer surface sources and sinks of chemical species relies heavily on simulated atmospheric transport. The chemical transport models (CTMs) used in flux inversion models are commonly configured to reproduce the atmospheric transport of a general circulation model (GCM) as closely as possible. CTMs generally have the dual advantages of computational efficiency and improved tracer conservation compared to their parent GCMs, but they usually simplify the representations of important processes. This is especially the case for high-frequency vertical motions associated with diffusion and convection. Using common-flux experiments, we quantify the importance of parameterized vertical processes for explaining systematic differences in tracer transport between two commonly-used CTMs. We find that differences in convection are strongly correlated with the differences in modeled column CO2. The parameterization of diffusion is more important near the surface due to its role in representing PBL mixing. Accordingly, near-surface in situ measurements are more strongly impacted by this process than are total-column retrievals. Both diffusive and convective vertical mixing tend to ventilate the lower atmosphere, so near-surface measurements may only constrain the net vertical mixing and not the balance between these two processes. Remote sensing-based retrievals of total column CO2, with their increased sensitivity to convection, may provide important new constraints on parameterized vertical motions.
Nitrate chemistry in the northeast US part I: nitrogen isotope seasonality tracks nitrate formation chemistry
Authors: Bekker Claire , Walters Wendell W. , Murray Lee T. , Hastings Meredith G.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Despite significant precursor emission reductions in the US over recent decades, atmospheric nitrate deposition remains an important terrestrial stressor. Here we utilized statistical air mass back trajectory analysis and nitrogen stable isotope deltas (δ(15N)) to investigate atmospheric nitrate spatiotemporal trends in the northeastern US from samples collected at three US EPA Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) sites from December 2016–2018. For the considered sites, similar seasonal patterns in nitric acid (HNO3) and particulate nitrate (pNO3) concentrations were observed with spatial differences attributed to nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission densities in source contributing regions that were typically ≤1000 km. Significant spatiotemporal δ(15N) variabilities in HNO3 and pNO3 were observed with higher values during winter relative to summer, like previous reports from CASTNET samples collected in the early 2000s for our study region. In the early 2000s, δ(15N) of atmospheric nitrate in the Northeast US had been suggested to be driven by NOx emissions; however, we did not find significant spatiotemporal changes in the modeled NOx emissions by sector and fuel type or δ(15N, NOx) for the source regions of the CASTNET sites. Instead, the spatiotemporal trends were driven by δ(15N) fractionation associated with nitrate formation. Under the field conditions of low NOx relative to O3 concentrations and when δ(15N, NOx) emission sources do not have significant variability, we demonstrate that δ(15N) of atmospheric nitrate can be a robust tracer for diagnosing nitrate formation.
Nitrate Chemistry in the Northeast US Part II: Oxygen Isotopes Reveal Differences in Particulate and Gas Phase Formation
Authors: Kim Heejeong , Walters Wendell W. , Bekker Claire , Murray Lee T. , Hastings Meredith G.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The northeastern US represents a mostly urban corridor impacted by high population density, high emissions density and degraded air quality and acid rain that has been a focus of regulatory-driven emissions reductions. Detailing the chemistry of atmospheric nitrate formation is critical for improving model representation of atmospheric chemistry and air quality. The oxygen isotope deltas (δ(18O) and Δ(17O)) of atmospheric nitrate are useful indicators in tracking nitrate formation pathways. Here, we measured Δ(17O) and δ(18O) for nitric acid (HNO3) and particulate nitrate (pNO3) from three US EPA Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) sites in the northeastern US from December 2016 to 2018. The Δ(17O, HNO3) and δ(18O, HNO3) values ranged from 12.9 ‰ to 30.9 ‰ and from 46.9 ‰ to 82.1 ‰, and the Δ(17O, pNO3) and δ(18O, pNO) ranged from 16.6 ‰ to 33.7 ‰ and from 43.6 ‰ to 85.3 ‰, respectively. There was distinct seasonality of δ(18O) and Δ(17O) with higher values observed during winter compared to summer, suggesting a shift in O3 to HOx radical chemistry, as expected. Unexpectedly, there was a statistical difference in Δ(17O) between HNO3 and pNO3, with higher values observed for pNO3 (27.1+/-3.8) ‰ relative to HNO3 (22.7+/-3.6) ‰, and significant differences in the relationship between δ(18O) and Δ(17O). This difference suggests atmospheric nitrate phase-dependent oxidation chemistry that is not predicted in models. Based on output from GEOS-Chem, and both the δ(18O) and Δ(17O) observations, we quantify the production pathways of atmospheric nitrate. The model significantly overestimated the heterogeneous N2O5 hydrolysis production for both HNO3 and pNO3, a finding consistent with observed seasonal changes in δ(18O), Δ(17O) and δ(15N) of HNO3 and pNO3, though large uncertainties remain in the quantitative transfer of δ(18O) from major atmospheric oxidants. This comparison provides important insight into the role of oxidation chemistry in reconciling a commonly observed positive bias for model atmospheric nitrate concentrations in the northeastern US.
Update on the GOSAT TANSO–FTS SWIR Level 2 retrieval algorithm
Authors: Someya Yu , Yoshida Yukio , Ohyama Hirofumi , Nomura Shohei , Kamei Akihide , Morino Isamu , Mukai Hitoshi , Matsunaga Tsuneo , Laughner Joshua L. , Velazco Voltaire A. , Herkommer Benedikt , Té Yao , Sha Mahesh Kumar , Kivi Rigel , Zhou Minqiang , Oh Young Suk , Deutscher Nicholas M. , Griffith David W. T.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The National Institute for Environmental Studies has provided the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of carbon dioxide and methane (XCO2 and XCH4) products (L2 products) obtained from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite for more than a decade. Recently, we updated the retrieval algorithm used to produce the new L2 product, V03.00. The main changes from the previous version (V02) of the retrieval algorithm are the treatment of cirrus clouds, the degradation model of the Thermal And Near-infrared Spectrometer for carbon Observation – Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS), solar irradiance spectra, and gas absorption coefficient tables. The retrieval results from the updated algorithm showed improvements in fitting accuracies in the O2 A, weak CO2, and CH4 bands of TANSO-FTS, although the residuals increase in the strong CO2 band over the ocean. The direct comparison of the new product obtained from the updated (V03) algorithm with the previous version V02.90/91 and the validations using the Total Carbon Column Observing Network revealed that the V03 algorithm increases the amount of data without diminishing the data qualities of XCO2 and XCH4 over land. Further, the negative bias of XCO2 is larger than that of the previous version over the ocean, and bias correction is still necessary. Additionally, the V03 algorithm resolves the underestimation of the XCO2 growth rate compared with the in situ measurements over the ocean recently found using V02.90/91 and V02.95/96.
On the magnitude and sensitivity of the QBO response to a tropical volcanic eruption
Authors: Brown Flossie , Marshall Lauren , Haynes Peter H. , Garcia Rolando R. , Birner Thomas , Schmidt Anja
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Volcanic eruptions that inject sulphur dioxide into the stratosphere have the potential to alter large-scale circulation patterns, such as the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), which can affect weather and transport of chemical species. Here, we conduct simulations of tropical volcanic eruptions using the UM-UKCA aerosol-climate model with an explicit representation of the QBO. Eruptions emitting 60 Tg of SO2 (i.e., 1815 Mt. Tambora-magnitude) and 15 Tg of SO2 (i.e., 1991 Mt. Pinatubo-magnitude) were simulated at the equator initiated during two different QBO states. We show that tropical eruptions delay the progression of the QBO phases, with the magnitude of the delay dependent on the initial wind shear in the lower stratosphere and a much longer delay when the shear is easterly than when it is westerly. The QBO response in our model is driven by vertical advection of momentum by the stronger tropical upwelling caused by heating due to the increased volcanic sulfate aerosol loading. Direct aerosol-induced warming with subsequent thermal wind adjustment, as proposed by previous studies, is found to only play a secondary role. This interpretation of the response is supported by comparison with a simple dynamical model. The dependence of the magnitude of the response on the initial QBO state results from differences in the QBO secondary circulation. In the easterly shear zone of the QBO, the vertical component of the secondary circulation is upward and reinforces the anomalous upwelling driven by volcanic aerosol heating, whereas in the westerly shear zone the vertical component is downward and opposes the aerosol-induced upwelling. We also find a change to the latitudinal structure of the QBO, with the westerly phase of the QBO strengthening in the hemisphere with the lowest sulfate aerosol burden. Overall, our study suggests that tropical eruptions of Pinatubo-magnitude or larger could force changes to the progression of the QBO, with particularly disruptive outcomes for the QBO if the eruption occurs during the easterly QBO shear.
Development of multi field rock resistivity test system for THMC
Authors: Ren Jianwei , Song Lei , Wang Qirui , Li Haipeng , Fan Junqi , Yue Jianhua , Shen Honglei
Published: November 2022

Abstract. In order to study the relationship between rock mechanical properties and resistivity under deep underground environmental conditions, a rock resistivity test system was developed which can realize simultaneous control of high and low temperature, pressure, seepage and chemical environment, and the corresponding specimen sealing method was explored. The system mainly includes triaxial system, chemical permeation system, temperature control system and test control system. The reliability of the system was verified by tests and preliminary experiments. This device provides an important means to study the mechanical properties and resistivity characteristics of rocks in complex environments in deep-underground.
Interannual global carbon cycle variations linked to atmospheric circulation variability
Authors: Li Na , Sippel Sebastian , Winkler Alexander J. , Mahecha Miguel D. , Reichstein Markus , Bastos Ana
Published: November 2022

Abstract. One of the least understood temporal scales of global carbon cycle (C-cycle) dynamics is its interannual variability (IAV). This variability is mainly driven by variations in the local climatic drivers of terrestrial ecosystem activity, which in turn are controlled by large-scale modes of atmospheric variability. Here, we quantify the fraction of global C-cycle IAV that is explained by large-scale atmospheric circulation variability, which is quantified by spatiotemporal sea level pressure (SLP) fields. C-cycle variability is diagnosed from the global detrended atmospheric CO2 growth rate and the land CO2 sink from 16 dynamic global vegetation models and two atmospheric inversions in the Global Carbon Budget 2018. We use a regularized linear regression model, which represents a statistical learning technique apt to deal with the large number of atmospheric circulation predictors (p≥800, each representing one pixel-based time series of SLP anomalies) in a relatively short observed record (n<60 years). We show that boreal winter and spring SLP anomalies allow predicting IAV in the atmospheric CO2 growth rate and the global land sink, with Pearson correlations between reference and predicted values between 0.70 and 0.84 for boreal winter SLP anomalies. This is comparable to or higher than that of a similar model using 15 traditional teleconnection indices as predictors. The spatial patterns of regression coefficients of the model based on SLP fields show a predominant role of the tropical Pacific and over Southeast Asia extending to Australia, corresponding to the regions associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability. We also identify another important region in the western Pacific, roughly corresponding to the West Pacific pattern. We further evaluate the influence of the time series length on the predictability of IAV and find that reliable estimates of global C-cycle IAV can be obtained from records of 30–54 years. For shorter time series (n<30 years), however, our results show that conclusions about CO2 IAV patterns and drivers need to be evaluated with caution.
Overall, our study illustrates a new data-driven and flexible approach to model the relationship between large-scale atmospheric circulation variations and C-cycle variability at global and regional scales, complementing the traditional use of teleconnection indices.
HiWaQ v1.0: A flexible catchment water quality assessment tool with compatibility for multiple hydrological model structures
Authors: Yang Xiaoqiang , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Soulsby Chris , Borchardt Dietrich
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Mitigating diffuse-source nutrient pollution has created an urgent need to advance understanding of catchment hydrological and nutrient dynamics, and develop robust integrated hydrological and water quality models to support decision making. However, the current availability of integrated catchment-scale water quantity and quality assessment tools is very limited compared to that of hydrological models, and the common developing strategy of extending existing hydrological platforms might be restricted by specific hydrological structures and associated data requirements. Here we introduce a new flexible catchment water quality assessment tool – HiWaQ that aims to be compatible with multiple, often contrasting hydrological model structures and that comprehensively considers spatio-temporally varying water quality impacts of anthropogenic activities. The flexibility of HiWaQ is realised through: (1) a unified configuration interface for catchment characteristics and the coupled hydrological structure; and (2) a generalised structure of storage-flux interactions for all bucket-type storages. We also present the detailed N module development (HiWaQ-N) for nitrate simulation and its coupling tests with two contrasting fully distributed hydrological models (the process-based ecohydrological EcH2O-iso model and the multi-scale conceptual mHM model). The two couplings were tested and cross-compared in the mixed forest-agricultural Silberhütte catchment (99 km2), central Germany, using the continuous daily discharge and Nitrate-N observations over 2012–2018. Results demonstrated that: (1) HiWaQ-N could well reproduce the observed discharge and stream Nitrate-N patterns and provided reliable spatio-temporal estimates of catchment N balance and networked in-stream N retention; (2) the two couplings were generally consistent with each other, while they showed subtle, but insightful differences in N transport (e.g., responses to small summer rainfall events) and transformations (e.g., the soil denitrification process), which could be attributed largely to different hydrological structures. Despite promising potential for further exploiting the coupled catchment modelling (e.g., combining in-depth uncertainty analysis), HiWaQ has the unique value of making better use of advanced hydrological modelling that embeds thoughtful modelling workflows and localised perceptual knowledge, thus better leveraging these advancements in the integrated catchment water quantity-quality assessments. We encourage interested researchers and modellers to contribute to further open-source development, which is oriented to be scientifically insightful and practically useful for catchment management.
Using simulation-based inference to determine the parameters of an integrated hydrologic model: a case study from the upper Colorado River basin
Authors: Hull Robert , Leonarduzzi Elena , De La Fuente Luis , Tran Hoang Viet , Bennett Andrew , Melchior Peter , Maxwell Reed M. , Condon Laura E.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. High-resolution, spatially-distributed process-based models are a well-established tool to explore complex watershed processes and how they may evolve under a changing climate. While these models are powerful, calibrating them can be difficult because they are costly to run and have many unknown parameters. To solve this problem, we need a state-of-the-art, data- driven approach to model calibration that can scale to the high-compute, high-dimensional hydrologic simulators that drive innovation in our field today. Simulation- Based Inference (SBI) uses deep learning methods to learn a probability distribution of simulation parameters by comparing simulator outputs to observed data. The inferred parameters can then be used to run calibrated model simulations. This approach has pushed boundaries in simulator-intensive research from cosmology, particle physics, and neuroscience, but is less familiar to hydrology. The goal of this paper is to introduce SBI to the field of watershed modeling by benchmarking and exploring its performance in a set of synthetic experiments. We use SBI to infer two common physical parameters of hydrologic process-based models, Manning’s Coefficient and Hydraulic Conductivity, in a snowmelt-dominated catchment in Colorado, USA. We employ a process-based simulator (ParFlow), streamflow observations, and several deep learning components to confront two recalcitrant issues related to calibrating watershed models: 1) the high cost of running enough simulations to do a calibration; 2) finding ‘correct’ parameters when our understanding of the system is uncertain or incomplete. In a series of experiments, we demonstrate the power of SBI to conduct rapid and precise parameter inference for model calibration. The workflow we present is general-purpose, and we discuss how this can be adapted to other hydrology-related problems.
Geologic and geodetic constraints on the magnitude and frequency of earthquakes along Malawi's active faults: the Malawi Seismogenic Source Model (MSSM)
Authors: Williams Jack N. , Wedmore Luke N. J. , Fagereng Åke , Werner Maximilian J. , Mdala Hassan , Shillington Donna J. , Scholz Christopher A. , Kolawole Folarin , Wright Lachlan J. M. , Biggs Juliet , Dulanya Zuze , Mphepo Felix , Chindandali Patrick
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Active fault data are commonly used in seismic hazard assessments,
but there are challenges in deriving the slip rate, geometry, and frequency
of earthquakes along active faults. Herein, we present the open-access
geospatial Malawi Seismogenic Source Model (MSSM; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5599616), which describes the seismogenic properties of faults that formed during ongoing east African rifting in Malawi. We first use empirically derived constraints to geometrically classify active faults into section, fault, and multifault seismogenic sources. For sources in the North Basin of Lake Malawi, slip rates can be derived from the vertical offset of a seismic reflector that dated lake cores indicate is 75 ka. Elsewhere, slip rates are constrained from advancing a systems-based approach that partitions geodetically derived rift extension rates in Malawi between seismogenic sources using a priori constraints on a regional strain distribution and a hanging wall flexural extension in magma-poor continental rifts. Slip rates are then combined with source geometry and empirical scaling relationships to estimate earthquake magnitudes and recurrence intervals, and their uncertainty is described from the variability in logic tree outcomes used in these calculations. Sources in the MSSM are 5–269 km long, which implies that large-magnitude (Mw 7–8) earthquakes may occur in Malawi. However, low slip rates (0.05–2 mm yr−1) mean that the frequency of such events will be low (recurrence intervals of ∼103–104 years). We also find that, for 9 out of 11 faults in Lake Malawi's North Basin, differences in the slip rates, when estimated independently from the geodetic data and the offset seismic
reflector, are not statistically significant. The MSSM represents an important resource for investigating Malawi's increasing seismic risk and
provides a framework for incorporating active fault data into seismic hazard assessment elsewhere in the East African Rift and other tectonically active regions.
The Teleconnection of Extreme ENSO Events to the Tropical North Atlantic in Coupled Climate Models
Authors: Casselman Jake W. , Lübbecke Joke F. , Bayr Tobias , Huo Wenjuan , Wahl Sebastian , Domeisen Daniela I. V.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the tropical Pacific is known to have remote effects on the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical North Atlantic (TNA). Here, the TNA SSTs are positively correlated with ENSO in boreal spring following an ENSO event. The ENSO-TNA teleconnection is also not straightforward as the response of TNA SSTs may be nonlinear to the strength of ENSO (i.e., how strongly the Atlantic reacts to an increase in strength of the Pacific signal), especially during extreme ENSO events. However, the number of extreme ENSO events in observational data remains limited, restricting our ability to investigate the influence of observed extreme ENSO events. To overcome this issue and to further evaluate the nonlinearity of the TNA SSTA response, two coupled climate models are used, namely the Community Earth System Model version 1-– Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Mode (CESM-WACCM) and the Flexible Ocean and Climate Infrastructure version 1 (FOCI). Our results show that the TNA responds linearly to extreme El Niño events in both models but nonlinearly to extreme La Niña events for CESM-WACCM. A large portion of the nonlinearity during La Niña is explained by the interaction between Pacific SSTAs and the overlying troposphere. Overall, our study shows that CESM-WACCM and FOCI are capable of reproducing the ENSO-TNA teleconnection and expands on key differences between climate models and reanalysis.
Multiple limit cycle amplitudes in high-fidelity predictions of standstill wind turbine blade vibrations
Authors: Grinderslev Christian , Nørmark Sørensen Niels , Raimund Pirrung Georg , González Horcas Sergio
Published: November 2022

Abstract. In this study, vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) on the IEA 10 MW blade are investigated using two methodologies in order to assess strengths and weaknesses of the two simulation types.
Both fully coupled fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with forced motion of the blade are used and compared. It is found that for the studied cases with high inclination angles, the forced-motion simulations succeed in capturing the power injection by the aerodynamics, despite the motion being simplified.
From the fully coupled simulations, a dependency on initial conditions of the vibrations was found, showing that cases which are stable if unperturbed might go into large VIVs if provoked initially by, for instance, inflow turbulence or turbine operations. Depending on the initial vibration amplitudes, multiple limit cycle levels can be triggered, for the same flow case, due to the non-linearity of the aerodynamics.
By fitting a simple damping model for the specific blade and mode shape from FSI simulations, it is also demonstrated that the equilibrium limit cycle amplitudes between power injection and dissipation can be estimated using forced-motion simulations, even for the multiple stable vibration cases, with good agreement with fully coupled simulations.
Finally, a time series generation from forced-motion simulations and the simple damping model is presented, concluding that CFD amplitude sweeps can estimate not only the final limit cycle oscillation amplitude, but also the vibration build-up time series.
SHORT HISTORICAL NOTES XVII
Authors: Gajdoš Anton
Published: November 2022

NIKOLAI YEFIMOVIČ ANDRIANOV (14 October 1952, Vladimir, Russia – 21 March 2011, Vladimir, Russia)
THE REGULATORY INFLUENCE OF THE VISUAL SYSTEM: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY IN GYMNASTICS VAULTING
Authors: Haigis Tim , Schlegel Kerstin
Published: November 2022

Approach runs in order to maximize approach velocity are an inherent component in many sports. The goal of the study was to investigate the regulation of a complex motor task in gymnastics vaulting and the impact of the visual system within these processes. It was hypothesized that a visual perception-based strategy incorporating time-to-contact information derived from the variable tau is used to optimize the run-up in particular. Kinematic parameters of 10 gymnasts performing handsprings were examined. The analysis revealed that, on average, onset of visual control took place three steps prior to the hurdle. Linear regression showed that tau margin is dependent on the velocity of the approach run. The study supports the idea of a regulation of the run-up that is based on a visual strategy in which the influence of the vaulting table is crucial. The gymnasts were able to adapt the step length and duration respective to the movement velocity in order to facilitate an optimal transition of the run-up towards the take-off board and subsequent the vaulting table. In the process the influence of run-up velocity relating to the value of tau at the onset of visual control is of utmost importance.
Mortality patterns and survival rates in HIV-infected patients with immunological ineffectiveness of antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Balykchinova T. V. , Zhukov V. V.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Due to the lack of criteria for determining the case of immunological non-response to ART, data on the analysis of deaths in this group of patients are heterogeneous. We analyzed the structure of deaths, clinical and laboratory indicators, and also conducted a survival analysis. Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective study of HIV-infected patients who had a level of CD4+ T-lymphocytes at the beginning of treatment < 350 cl/mcl and further after that. Two groups were formed: the main one-deceased patients – 357 people; control one-surviving patients – 1846 people. Results. Men and older patients significantly prevailed in the main group of patients. Drug-addicted patients were more likely to have a fatal outcome. When comparing the average indicators of CD4+ T-lymphocytes and viral load at the time of the onset of ART, no statistically significant differences were found. When assessing the frequency of deaths in patients with extremely severe immunodeficiency (CD4 < 50 cells/μl.) at the beginning of ART, the chances of death were significantly higher (OR 1.523; 95 % CI 1,236–1,785). The probability of death increased rapidly by the 5-year period (60 months) from the beginning of ART to 26.9 % ± 1.5, and by the 120-month period (10 years) it reached 43.6 ± 6.8 %. The average development period of a fatal case from the moment of the start of treatment was 82 months (95 % CI: 78.87–85.56 months). Discussion. The question is raised about the predictors of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with immunological inefficiency of ART. A prospective study will provide a complete picture of the course of the disease in this group of patients. Conclusion. The high probability of death in patients with immunological non-response to ART in the first 5 years of follow-up from the beginning of ART requires increased attention from specialists in terms of treatment and dispensary management.
Problems of organizing the preparatory stage of medical care with the use of assisted reproductive technologies in men
Authors: Krivolesova T. A.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The demographic crisis that has taken shape in recent years in the Russian Federation has multifactorial causes. The leading place among the most significant factors of its development is taken by the growing number of infertile couples, including those caused by reproductive limitations in men. The aim of the study was to identify the main problems in the organization of medical care using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) by interviewing patients. Materials and methods. An anonymous survey of 297 men (husbands, partners) participating in ART in medical institutions in St. Petersburg in 2021 was conducted using a specially designed questionnaire. Results. Only 14.2 % of patients had a preliminary examination completed within a time frame of less than six months. One in ten respondents (10.7 %) was diagnosed between 6 months and 1 year. Preliminary examination for more than 1 year was completed by 68.0 % of the men who participated in the survey. The average duration of examination of men when receiving medical care free of charge was significantly longer than that for paid medical services: 13.4 ± 1.2 months and 10.3 ± 0.9 months respectively (t = 4.7, p = 0.02). The main reasons for men to seek medical care for a fee were the following: long waiting period for urologist's consultation and diagnostic examination in the outpatient clinic at the place of residence (31,4 per 100 respondents); lack of possibility to perform all the necessary examinations and consultations at the place of residence for free (26,3 per 100 respondents); queues in the state medical organizations (16,8 per 100 respondents). Only 23.1 % of men did not experience psychological discomfort while receiving medical care. Discussion. Restrictions on the availability of medical care for the examination of men participating in the ART procedure are expressed in the failure to comply with the principles of its free-of-charge nature, the established waiting periods, and the lack of the possibility in some cases to perform the necessary analysis or examination in the medical organization of one's place of residence. Conclusion. The conducted research allowed us to form an idea of the main problems in the organization of medical care faced by men undergoing examination in preparation for IVF procedures.
Comparative analysis of the opinion of physicians and patients of the obstetric and gynecological clinics on communication issues
Authors: Amlaev K. R. , Bakunts S. A. , Kuz'mina E. M. , Khripunova A. A. , Dahkilgova Kh. T.
Published: November 2022

IntroductionThe article presents the results of the study of communicative patterns that have developed in everyday obstetric and gynecological practice, as well as a comparative analysis of the representation of patients and doctors about them. The purpose of the study was to study and compare the opinions of doctors and patients of obstetric and gynecological profile on communication issues.Materials and methods. A total of 491 obstetrician-gynecologists and 975 patients treated in obstetrician-gynecological hospitals and antenatal clinics were interviewed. The data were statistically processed using the SPSS v 24.0 software package. Qualitative data were expressed as fractions (%), for which the 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) was calculated by the Wilson method. Significance of differences between groups with nominal variables was assessed using the χ2 test (differences were considered significant if p ≤ 0.05).Results. It was revealed that 3.1 % of patients and 25.3 % of physicians always face communication difficulties. In the case of patients, 67.5 % of patients and only 8.8 % of doctors were in favor of greater involvement in the decision-making process regarding treatment tactics. Physicians experience communication difficulties much more often than patients, and rarely satisfy patients' need to receive information about their health condition in full.Discussion. Patients nowadays increasingly want to participate in discussions about their diagnosis and treatment tactics on an equal footing with their physician. The novelty of this study is the comparison of responses to the same questions from patients and physicians, which allows us to assess the two perspectives of communication participants.Conclusion. Physicians are more likely to have difficulty communicating with patients and are unable to meet patients' need for full information about their health status. More widespread implementation of modern technologies in the communication process is needed, and the identified communication patterns and opinions of the main participants in the communication process should be the basis for the development of measures aimed at improving its effectiveness.
Geroprotective properties of fucoxanthin
Authors: Grebnev D. Yu. , Maklakova I. Yu. , Titova D. I. , Permyakov N. S.
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Fucoxanthin is one of the main representatives of marine carotenoids with a wide range of biological activities, including a geroprotective effect. The most common source of fucoxanthin in the food industry is diatomic algae (e.g., Phaeodactylum tricornutum). The aim of the work was to summarize and analyze the data on the mechanisms of geroprotective action of fucoxanthin. Materials and Methods. An analysis of scientific research publications from PubMed, E-Library, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, UpToDate databases is presented, as well as a review of scientific literature for the period from 2017 to 2022. The results of fucoxanthin use on animal and human cell cultures, where the drug proved to be a potential geroprotector, are reflected. Inclusion criteria: priority was given to review and original articles that presented data on the results of fucoxanthin application. Key words in the search for publications: fucoxanthin, geroprotector, oxidative stress, hormesis. Results and Discussion. In-depth study of fucoxanthin structure revealed its pharmacodynamics as a potential drug. Many positive pharmacological effects of fucoxanthin are realized due to the presence of an allene bond in the chemical structure. The mechanisms of fucoxanthin influence oxidative stress and aging at different levels of organization (molecular, cellular, tissue, organ). Deterioration of vision is often a problem of the elderly and is one of the properties of the aging organism. The hypothesis that fucoxanthin realizes a geroprotective effect due to its cytoprotective potential under oxidative stress is the most popular. The geroprotective effect of fucoxanthin on the whole organism is directly related to the differential expression of genes and changes in the activity of molecular pathways. In the transcriptome analysis of fucoxanthin effects, the activation of mechanisms related to hormesis is evident. Conclusion. Studies have shown the effectiveness of fucoxanthin as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of diseases associated with the aging process.
DIAGNÓSTICO DA SARCOPENIA E INTERVENÇÃO NUTRICIONAL EM IDOSOS: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Debia Nicole , De Sousa Alex Ageme , Da Silva William Barboza
Published: November 2022

INTRODUÇÃO: A sarcopenia é um distúrbio muscular esquelético que acomete frequentemente a população idosa. Ocorre de maneira progressiva e aumenta a probabilidade de fraturas, quedas, incapacidade física e mortalidade. OBJETIVO: Apresentar atualizações sobre os principais métodos diagnósticos, de classificação e de intervenção nutricional no tratamento de idosos sarcopênicos. MÉTODO: Revisão narrativa de literatura após busca de publicações indexadas nas bases de dados BVS, PubMed e SciELO, livros didáticos e consensos de sociedades e associações brasileiras e internacionais. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Os métodos atuais de diagnóstico são o DEXA, impedância bioelétrica, testes de desempenho como o timed up and go, teste de caminhada, Short Physical Performance Battery, força de preensão palmar, questionário SARC-F e medida da circunferência da panturrilha. O mais novo consenso Europeu de determina três estágios classificação da sarcopenia. As intervenções nutricionais incluem oferta energética adequada por meio de carboidratos e lipídeos, contribuição proteica para síntese muscular e vitamina D. CONCLUSÃO: A sarcopenia é um distúrbio que classifica-se basicamente em três estágios, desde pré-sarcopenia atéseu estado mais severo. Os meios para o diagnóstico incluem análise dos compartimentos corporais, principalmente a musculatura esquelética, testes de força, desempenho físico e questionário, sendo métodos complementares. As atualizações relacionadas à intervenção compiladas na presente revisão demonstraram a essencialidade da oferta de carboidratos e lipídeos para garantir fornecimento energético adequado, enquanto a ingestão proteica atua na síntese muscular. O maior destaque paraproteínas está na garantia da oferta de aminoácidos essenciais, principalmente leucina e seu metabólito HMB. A suplementação proteica pode ser necessária a fim de atingir a recomendação diária. O destaque entre os micronutrientes está na ingestão adequada da vitamina D que atua na otimização da contração muscular.
SINTOMAS DE DISFUNÇÃO TEMPOROMANDIBULAR EM PACIENTES COM DEFICIÊNCIAS INTELECTUAIS E FÍSICAS
Authors: Costa Morgana Marielle de Almeida , Valadas Lídia Audrey Rocha , Guimarães Antônio Sérgio
Published: November 2022

Introdução: A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) é um conjunto de condições musculoesqueléticas com sinais e sintomas de dor nas estruturas mastigatórias, limitação de movimentos, sons articulares, dor na região periauricular e desvios nos movimentos mandibulares. Pacientes com transtornos mentais parecem ser mais susceptíveis ao desenvolvimento de sinais e sintomas de DTM, constituindo um grupo de alto risco. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a presença de sinais e sintomas de DTM em pacientes com deficiências físicas e intelectuais. Metodologia: É um estudo observacional transversal, realizado na Associação de pais e amigos dos excepcionais (APAE) de Caxias- MA com 150 pacientes do grupo caso e 62 do grupo controle, utilizando questionário de Sintomas de DTM, presente no Eixo I do Diagnóstico de Pesquisa para Distúrbios Temporomandibulares (DC/TMD). Resultados: Pacientes com deficiência física apresentaram 56,9% de sinais e sintomas de DTM com razão de prevalência 0,84. Pacientes com Deficiência intelectual e física 41,2% de DTM (razão prevalência 0,60), enquanto pacientes apenas com deficiência intelectual apresentaram 45,6% (razão de prevalência 0,67). Não houve diferenças estatísticas em relação a gênero e faixa etária relacionados à DTM. Conclusão: Pacientes com deficiências intelectuais e físicas apresentaram menor prevalência de sinais e sintomas de DTM quando comparados ao grupo controle.
ATUALIZAÇÕES EM FIBROSE PULMONAR IDIOPÁTICA
Authors: Moreira Lorrana do Vale , Siqueira Sarah Suellen Sena da Silva , Santiago Maria Clara Moreira , Fernandes Kauan Viana , De Medeiros Leonardo Braga Loyola , De Menezes Ruan Linhares Ribeiro
Published: November 2022

INTRODUÇÃO: A fibrose pulmonar idiopática (FPI) é uma pneumonia intersticial fibrótica crônica progressiva sem etiologia definida. Devido à complexidade da sua patogênese, seu tratamento ainda é considerado um desafio que requer mais estudo. OBJETIVO: Analisar a evolução e os avanços dos estudos relacionados a FPI. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma revisão deliteratura integrativa com artigos selecionados entre os últimos 3 anos RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Os trabalhos selecionados abordam patogênese, diagnóstico e tratamento da FPI. A FPI é um crosstalk epitelial-mesenquimal anormal relacionados a loci genéticos em que inúmeros genes e vias patogênicas ainda estão sendo entendidas. Diante dessas descobertas, tratamentos querealmente curam a doença, além de reduzir a sua progressão, estão em estudo clínico, como os inibidores naturais e sintéticos da via PI3K/AKT. Quanto ao seu diagnóstico, a Tomografia Computadorizada de Alta Resolução tem se mostrado eficiente na detecção precoce de complicações e no estadiamento da doença. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de os avanços na área seremnotórios, estes ainda são insuficientes. Desse modo, ainda existe a necessidade de conclusão e ampliação dessa área de estudo.