bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Efficacy of Pre-Service Training for Enlisted Professional Military Education Instructors During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Keys Jason , Booth Demetrius N. , Maggard Patricia R.
Published: July 2022

U.S. Air Force enlisted professional military education shifted traditionally in-person leadership interventions online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Air Force guidance stated that pre-service faculty training focused on in-person instruction was sufficient for teaching online and that instructors did not require training that included online teaching strategies. This study was conducted to examine the efficacy of pre-service training for military leadership instructors teaching online. Utilizing a conceptual framework of teacher self-efficacy, locus of control theory, and social-cognitive theory, this research examined the experiences of four instructors who graduated pre-service training focused on in-person instruction and taught online directly thereafter. Analyzing data from interviews, observations, and student surveys, results indicated the pre-service training, coupled with the participants' military supervisory background, adequately prepared participants to teach online. Future studies should examine a larger sample size of instructors to identify trends and patterns within the professional military education instructor community.
Legal Protection of Domestic Workers from A National Law Perspective
Authors: Syahyu Yulianto
Published: July 2022

The regulation number 13 of 2003 concerning Labour (Labour Law) has regulated the basic principles for the creation of productive, harmonious and just working conditions. However, the law does not substantively regulate domestic workers. We use the normative research with a statute approach. The presence of Minister of Labour Regulation Number 2 of 2015 concerning Protection of Domestic Workers which is expected to reach things that are not regulated in the labour law is in fact far from what was expected. Domestic workers can’t hope for this ministerial regulation because there are differences between the rights of workers in the labour law and the rights of domestic workers in the Minister of Manpower Regulation Nomor 2 of 2015 which can be said to be discriminatory. Domestic workers are categorized into the scope of the informal sector causing limited rights that can be obtained.
Due to the Legal Failure to Pay by the Insurance of the Insurance Policy of the Insured
Authors: Anggriheny Berliane Rezty , Nababan Regina Yusticia
Published: July 2022

This Paper Discusses Due To The Legal Failure To Pay By The Insurance On The Insurance Policy Of The Insured. The agreement between the two parties insured (insurance company) and the insured (policy holder) at the time of making an insurance policy is important, because insurance or coverage is a form of agreement. In recent years, Indonesia has been shocked by the number of insurance cases, which has made policyholders from any insurance company to be wary or worried about their money that has entered the insurance company. These policy holders (insured) seek justice and legal certainty by taking various legal methods. This normative research uses the method of legislation and a conceptual approach. This paper aims to analyze the legal consequences of the insurer failing to pay on the rights of the insured and the legal protection for the insured affected by the default. The results of this study indicate that legal remedies that can be taken by the Insured to minimize losses are one of them by paying attention to the time limit for granting claims and benefits that have been agreed in the Insurance Policy which is generally 30 (thirty) days after the agreement. The Financial Services Authority has the authority to ask the Insurer to stop activities if it has the potential to harm the community. It is also authorized to facilitate the settlement of consumer complaints that have been harmed by actors in financial service institutions (Insurers).
Collembola (Hexapoda) of Malaise traps from two localities in Tlaxcala, Mexico
Authors:   Laboratorio de Ecología y Sistemática de Microartrópodos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Palacios-Vargas José G. , González Álvarez Andrea , Castaño-Meneses Gabriela ,   Ecología de Artrópodos en Ambientes Extremos, UMDI, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Contreras Ramos Atilano ,   Instituto de Biología, UNAM
Published: July 2022

Springtails (Collembola) from two temperate forest sites, “Ejido Los Búfalos” (LB) and “Bosque Mágico de Piedra Canteada, Santuario de la Luciérnaga” (PC), in Tlaxcala state, central Mexico, were sampled monthly with Malaise traps. More than 38,000 specimens from 10 species were collected and studied. Although abundance values between both study sites were highly different, no significant effect of locality and sampling date was found according to a two-way ANOVA unbalanced test because of the high variance between recorded data. Shannon’s diversity index for LB was H’=0.61 and for PC was H’=1.08, with a significant difference in diversity between both sites. Most abundant springtails were Entomobryidae: Seira sp. (n=21,091 individuals in LB and n=6,424 in PC), Americabrya arida (6,214 and 2,860), and Willowsia mexicana (19 and 852); few Neanuridae: Pseudachorutes (241 and 169); Isotomidae: Isotoma (2 and 3); Katiannidae: Polykatianna (45 and 22); and Tomoceridae: Pogonognathellus flavescens (45 and 93). Two genera were only found at PC, Dicyrtomidae: Ptenothrix (31) and Entomobryidae: Lepidocyrtus (4). This is the first study to record abundance values of these high magnitudes for springtails captured with Malaise traps. Results are compared with previous studies at Mexican and French localities, respectively; Entomobryidae was the most abundant family captured with this method
𝐴𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑔𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑖, una especie nueva del género endémico mexicano 𝐴𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑠 DeLong (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), de la Sierra de Tapalpa y Autlán de Navarro en Jalisco, México
Authors:   University of Illinois, Pinedo Escatel J. Adilson
Published: July 2022

𝐴𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑠 DeLong es un género exclusivo del Nuevo Mundo y endémico del territorio mexicano, compuesto por 10 especies distribuidas en los bosques secos y pino/encino del occidente país. En el presente trabajo se describe, 𝐴𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑔𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑖, provenientede la cascada El Salto del Nogal en la Sierra de Tapalpa y Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco, México. Los ejemplares fueron tomados mediante una red entomológica de barrido y una trampa de luz modificada. Se discuten las similitudes morfológicas y la distribución entre las especies conocidas del género.
Método global y aprendizaje de la escritura en niños del segundo año de básica de instituciones educativas interculturales
Authors: Vásquez Ordoñez Anita Dolores , Cárdenas Cordero Nancy Marcela
Published: July 2022

El método global ayuda a entender el entorno y mejora la comunicación en el proceso de socialización del estudiante. Por tanto, es importante porque permite al educando aprender a escribir y leer comprensivamente y ampliar sus conocimientos. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo diseñar una guía de material didáctico utilizando el método global en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la escritura con niños de segundo año en la institución educativa intercultural Escuela Fiscal 1 de marzo, en la parroquia Santiago del Cantón Tiwintza. La metodología aplicada fue con un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo no experimental, longitudinal. Dentro de los resultados se obtuvo, que tanto estudiantes como docentes en su mayoría desconocen el uso del método global en la escritura. Por lo que se pudo concluir que, el nivel de la escritura de los estudiantes de segundo año de la UE 1 de marzo, se encuentra en un nivel bajo, ya que existen deficiencias asociadas al desconocimiento del método global.
STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN ANSWERING READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS OF REPORT TEXT AT THIRD GRADE OF SMPN 1 BENGKULU SELATAN
Authors: Risanda Sepmi , Elfrida Elfrida , Kasmaini Kasmaini
Published: July 2022

This research aimed to find out the students difficulties in answering reading comprehension questions of report text and the causes of the students difficulties in answering reading comprehension questions of report text. The participants of this research were 63 third grade students at SMPN 1 Bengkulu Selatan. This research used descriptive quantitative as research design. The data were obtained through the reading comprehension test and interview section. The reading comprehension test was adapted from Mandiri textbook published by Tiga Serangkai consisted 25 questions of multiple choice. The reading comprehension test was validated by using the interpretation guidelines according to SPSS. In reliability obtains by using Cronbach’s Alpha formula in SPSS software. The result of this research showed that students faced some difficulties in answering reading comprehension questions of report text and there were some causes of their difficulties in answering reading comprehension questions of report text. The students difficulties in answering reading comprehension questions were locating pronouns, understanding vocabulary and making inference. Making inference became the most difficult aspect with percentage of students who answered questions about making inference incorrectly was 73%. The causes of students difficulties in answering reading comprehension questions of report text were lack of vocabulary, lack of strategies and lack of interest or motivation.
PROJECT BASED LEARNING DALAM PENGEMBANGAN ACADEMIC HELP-SEEKING SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Lanani Karman
Published: July 2022

Pembelajaran matematika melalui interaksi guru dan siswa dalam penciptaan situasi belajar bertujuan terbentuknya kemampuan berpikir kritis dan sistimatis dalam memecahkan permasalahan matematika untuk memiliki sikap menghargai kegunaan matematika secara realistis mencapai tujuan pendidikan nasional. Merealisasikan tujuan tersebut, dibutuhkan pembelajaran disamping mentransfer  materinya sesuai tuntutan kurikulum, juga disertai pemberian makna  dimana siswa dapat menggunakan kemampuan dan kepercayaan dirinya secara leluasa dan menyenangkan, sehingga menimbulkan kemampuan matematis pada siswa. Konsepsi ini selayaknya menjadi muatan profesionalisme guru dalam pembelajaran untuk menumbuhkan perilaku siswa dalam berkolaborasi memanfaatkan lingkungan akademik sebagai sumber belajar  untuk pengatasi permasalahan belajarnya.  Kondisi ini mendorong terbentuknya perilaku dimana siswa membutuhkan bantuan dan dapat memberikan bantuan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Menurut Ryan & Pintrich (1997) bahwa perilaku mencari bantuan merupakan usaha individu menggunakan orang lain sebagai sumber untuk mengatasi ketidakjelasan dan kesulitan dalam proses belajar. Aktivitas mencari bantuan dalam belajar matematika pada siswa disamping sebagai strategi belajar juga merupakan proses interaksi sosial antara siswa dengan orang lain guna memperoleh solusi bagi permasalahannya. Siswa yang dapat memanfaatkan lingkungan akademik secara baik akan membantu menyelesaikan masalah kesulitan yang dialaminya. Pembelajaran yang menciptakan situasi kolaboratif adalah pembelajaran berbasis proyek atau Project Based Learning (PBL). PBL merupakan model pembelajaran yang berfokus pada  konsep-konsep dan prinsip-prinsip utama dari suatu disiplin, melibatkan siswa dalam kegiatan pemecahan masalah dan tugas-tugas bermakna, memberi peluang siswa bekerja secara otonom mengkonstruk belajar mereka sendiri, dan  menghasilkan produk karya siswa. Menurut Santyasa (2007) bahwa, PBL berfokus pada konsep dan prinsip inti sebuah disiplin, memfasilitasi siswa untuk berinvestigasi, pemecahan masalah, dan tugas-tugas secara bermakna, students center, dan menghasilkan produk nyata.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI DAN SELF-REGULATED LEARNING MATEMATIS MAHASISWA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN MODEL TREFFINGER
Authors: Alhaddad Idrus
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki, membandingkan, dan mendeskripsikan secara komprehensif tentang pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi dan self-regulated learning matematis mahasiswa yang mendapat pembelajaran model Treffinger dan yang mendapat pembelajaran konvensional ditinjau secara keseluruhan dan berdasarkan kategori kemampuan awal matematis mahasiswa (tinggi, sedang, dan rendah). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan populasi seluruh mahasiswa Program Studi PendidikanMatematika FKIP Unkhair Ternate dan sampel sebanyak 110 mahasiswa yang tersebar pada dua kelas, satu kelas sebagai kelas eksperimen diberi pembelajaran dengan model Treffinger dan kelas lainnya sebagai kelas kontrol diberi pembelajaran konvensional. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh: (1) Secara keseluruhan, pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi dan self-regulated learning matematis mahasiswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran model Treffinger lebih tinggi daripada mahasiswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran konvensional. (2) Berdasarkan kategori kemampuan awal matematis (tinggi, sedang, dan rendah), pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi dan self-regulated learning matematis mahasiswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran model Treffinger lebih tinggi daripada mahasiswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran konvensional. (3) Tidak terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara pembelajaran (Model Treffinger dan Konvensional) dan kemampuan awal matematis (tinggi, sedang, dan rendah) terhadap pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi dan self-regulated learning matematis mahasiswa.
IMPLEMENTASI LESSON STUDY MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH PADA MATERI APLIKASI TRIGONOMETRI
Authors: Jalal Ariyanti
Published: July 2022

Pembelajaran matematika di perguruan tinggi merupakan suatu proses yang dilakukan oleh dosen dengan tujuan agar mahasiswa tidak hanya memahami dengan baik materi-materi matematika, tetapi mampu mengaplikasikan konsep matematika dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Namun, kelemahan mahasiswa adalah belum mampu menyelesaikan soal-soal aplikasi matematika, yakni memahami masalah dan menemukan solusi untuk memecahkan masalah tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini, dosen model mengimplementasikan kegiatan lesson study pada pembelajaran Trigonometri dengan pendekatan pemecahan masalah yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran serta meningkatkan kemampuan mahasiswa dalam memecahkan masalah matematika dengan penerapan konsep Trigonometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa mampu memecahkan suatu masalah matematika yang berkaitan dengan masalah dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Adanya peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematik mahasiswa dimana rata-rata hasil tes akhir mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan soal tersebut adalah 76,12. Jika dibandingkan pada tes awal seluruh mahasiswa tidak mampu menyelesaikan soal yang diberikan.
PENGGUNAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN AKTIF DENGAN STRATEGI SNOWBALL THROWING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS MATEMATIS SISWA SMP
Authors: Abdullah In Hi
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen, dengan tujuan yaitu; 1) Untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa antara model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing dan model pembelajaran konvensional. 2) Untuk mengetaui sikap siswa terhadap keterampilan kreativitas matematis meliputi: a) memiliki gagasan dengan perspektif baru, b) memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar, c) senang mencobah hal-hal baru, dan d) memberikan banyak gagasan dan usul terhadap masalah. Subjek penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Muhammadiyah Kota Ternate dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak dua kelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (a) Peningkatan kemampuan kreativitas matematis siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran aktif dengan strategi snowball throwing lebih baik daripada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran konvensional dengan kategori sedang. (b) Sebagian besar siswa menunjukkan sikap positif terhadap kreativitas dalam pembelajaran matematika, meliputi: 1) Memiliki gagasan dengan perspektif baru dengan persentase 73.8%, 2) Memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang besar dengan persentase 57.6%, 3) Senang mencobah hal-hal baru dengan persentase 65.9%, 4) Memberikan banyak gagasan dan usul terhadap masalah 70.53%.
BERPIKIR MATEMATIS DENGAN METODE INDUKTIF, DEDUKTIF, ANALOGI, INTEGRATIF DAN ABSTRAK
Authors: Sari Diah Prawitha
Published: July 2022

Makalah ini membahas tentang berpikir matematika dengan metode induktif, deduktif, analogi, integratif, dan abstrak. Uraian didasarkan atas analisis terhadap: (1) berpikir induktif merupakan suatu  proses berpikir yang bertolak dari sejumlah fenomena individual untuk menurunkan suatu kesimpulan (inferensi); (2) Berpikir deduktif adalah proses pengambilan kesimpulan yang didasarkan kepada premis-premis yang keberadaannya telah ditentukan; (3) Berpikir analogi adalah berbicara tentang dua hal yang berlainan, yang satu bukan yang lain, tetapi dua hal yang berbeda itu dibandingkan satu dengan yang lain.; (4) Melalui penerapan integratif proses pengajaran menjadi lebih kompleks, hal ini melibatkan komponen internal dan eksternal; (5) Kemampuan berpikir abstrak tidak terlepas dari pengetahuan tentang konsep, karena berpikir memerlukan kemampuan untuk membayangkan atau menggambarkan benda dan peristiwa yang secara fisik tidak selalu ada.
Pengembangan Soal HOTS pada Materi Aljabar
Authors: Yazidah Nok Izatul , Argarini Dian Fitri , Sulistyorini Yunis
Published: July 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengahasilkan soal HOTS yang valid dan efektif  pada materi aljabar. Penelitian ini mengacu pada model pengembangan 4D. Model pengembangan 4D ini terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu define, design, develop dan yang terakhir adalah disseminate, namun pada penelitian ini hanya sampai pada tahap develop. Hasil dari validasi para ahli materi ini menyatakan bahwa soal HOTS ini valid dengan rata-rata nilai 3,39. Berdasarkan  hasil ujicoba pertama dengan menggunakan penyebaran angket yang menyatakan bahwa menurut para siswa memang perlu adanya soal HOTS dalam pembelajaran matematika. ujicoba kedua ini adalah ujicoba soal, yang mana pada ujicoba ini memang karena siswa belum terbiasa dengan soal HOTS ini siswa masih banyak yang tidak bisa menyelesaikankannya namu mereka sudah mampu memahami maksud dari soal tersebut. Dari hasil penelitian ini maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan soal HOTS adala valid dan efektif untuk digunakan pada pembelajaran matematika.
Vakıf Yükseköğretim Kurumlarında Görev Yapan Personel Hakkında Ceza Soruşturması Yürütülmesi Usulü
Authors: SEÇKİN Sinan
Published: July 2022

Ülkemizde kamu görevlilerinin işledikleri iddia edilen suçlar hakkında ceza soruşturmasına tabi tutulması özel usullere bağlı kılınmıştır. 2547 sayılı Yükseköğretim Kanunun 53. maddesinin c fıkrası uyarınca, 2547 sayılı Kanuna tabi olan personelin görevleri dolayısıyla ya da görevlerini yaptıkları sırada işledikleri ileri sürülen suçlar bakımından özel ceza soruşturma usulü benimsenmiştir. Ancak Anayasa Mahkemesi ve Danıştay, vakıf yükseköğretim kurumu personelinin, bu kapsama girmediği hususunda kararlar vermişlerdir. Bunun yanında 6764 sayılı Kanunla yapılan değişiklikle ise vakıf üniversitesi rektör ve rektör yardımcıları bu kapsama alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda yargı organlarının konuya ilişkin kararları göz önünde tutularak, vakıf yükseköğretim kurumu personelinin hukuki statüsü değerlendirilmiş ve 2547 sayılı Kanunda düzenlenen özel ceza soruşturma usulüne ilişkin kapsam ve ceza soruşturması yürütülmesi usulü incelenmiştir.
Larangan Penyitaan Aset Lembaga Pengelola Investasi Dalam Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja
Authors: Fauzi Muhammad Aziz , Whindari Yayuk
Published: July 2022

The conflict of norms that occurred between of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation and Law Number 1 of 2004 concerning the State Treasury and the settlement mechanism. This study uses a normative juridical research method. The results of the study show that there are several indicators that form the basis for the occurrence of norm conflicts. The source of LPI assets is an inseparable part of state property and the laws and regulations that govern it and there is no antecedent that limits state property as assets that are excluded from being subject to confiscation, as well as the payment mechanism with confiscation of state assets contrary to the ratio decidendi of the judge in Constitutional Court Decision Number 25/PUU-VII/2009.
Karakteristik Iluminasi dalam Naskah Betawi Koleksi Cohen Stuart di Perpustakaan Nasional RI
Authors: Firdausa Fiona , Limbong Priscila Fitriasih
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study is to explain characteristics of illumination in Betawi manuscript and reveal every culture that shows in it. The data used in this research is Betawi manuscript in Cohen Stuart’s collection (CS). This study uses documentation and literature review method to collect the data. Beside that, this research uses codicology method to analyze the characteristics of illumination in six Betawi manuscripts. The result of data analysis showed that there are three characteristics in Betawi manuscript’s illumination, which are (1) simplicity, (2) the illuminations are formed from a combination of floral and geometric patterns, and (3) the illuminations are made with certain colors, namely red, blue, yellow, and black. Those characteristics show several cultures that are stored in it, that are Betawi, Chinese, Arabic, and Indian cultures. It shows that, at that time, Chinese, Arabs, and Indians had contact with Betawinese. In addition, it also explains Betawinese’s egalitarian nature so that they can accept acculturation that happened in their culture.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan karakteristik iluminasi naskah Betawi koleksi Cohen Stuart (CS) dan khazanah budaya yang terdapat di dalamnya. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode dokumentasi dan studi pustaka. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kodikologi untuk membahas karakteristik iluminasi di dalam enam naskah Betawi koleksi CS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga karakteristik yang terlihat dalam iluminasi-iluminasi tersebut, yaitu (1) bentuk iluminasi yang sederhana, (2) iluminasi dibentuk dari perpaduan motif floral dan motif geometris, dan (3) iluminasi dibuat dengan warna-warna tertentu, yakni merah, biru, kuning, dan hitam. Karakteristik-karakteristik tersebut mengungkap adanya beberapa khazanah budaya yang tersimpan di dalam iluminasi naskah-naskah Betawi koleksi CS, yaitu budaya Betawi, Cina, Arab, dan India. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa bangsa Cina, Arab, dan India memiliki kontak dengan masyarakat Betawi pada masa itu. Selain itu, hal tersebut juga menjelaskan sifat egaliter yang dimiliki masyarakat Betawi sehingga dapat menerima terjadinya akulturasi di dalam budayanya.
Suicide among South Asian Americans: A Systematic Review of Causal and Risk Factors
Authors: Srinivasa Susheelabai R. , Pasupuleti Sudershan , Dornamraju Rani
Published: July 2022

This paper will provide an overview of suicide prevalence among South Asian Americans who constitute nearly one-third of Asian Americans and 1.7 percent of the United States population. South Asians, late 20th century immigrants, are a numerally small percentage of the population in the United States. As a distinct ethnic population despite significant diversity within, South Asians encounter unique challenges with myriad sub-cultures and struggles that make them vulnerable and underrepresented in policy and service utilization in mental health and health care due to various barriers. These conditions create vulnerability among first and subsequent generations as they go through social pressures of acculturation and integration into American society. Suicide, as a rising social concern related to health disparities research, is described with the aid of common theoretical perspectives along with causal/risk factors. Suicide rate is the highest among South Asians even among Asian-origin Americans which has higher suicide among all minority populations – Asian, African and Hispanic Americans. Success of South Asians is associated with certain hidden or unrecognized costs. Making the American dream a reality which is a strenuous journey for South Asians predisposes them at higher risk for health, mental health, substance abuse, suicidal ideation, and behavior. Systematic review of articles from three databases with focus and content on South Asian Americans was conducted and the results are presented in this article. Identified concerns and issues are addressed in the light of theoretical perspectives and evidence gathered from the systematic review and critical analysis.
Remedios: Coping with Mental Distress among Mexican Americans in the Rio Grande Valley
Authors: Escobar Romeo , Barrera Irán , Longoria Denise A. , Gonzalez John , Melgoza Isaias
Published: July 2022

The Latino population continues to increase, with estimates of 60 million living in the United States. Of the Hispanic population, 19% live in poverty. This may be a problem because according to research, living in poverty affects people’s social networks and self-worth negatively and is strongly associated with psychological issues. This study examined the perceptions of practitioners of mental health treatment of Mexican Americans who were experiencing mental distress and were residing in the U.S.- Mexico border. Findings suggest clients self-diagnose and try medications (usually purchased in Mexico) that were recommended to them by family members and/or social networks. Additionally, the family and social network behave like their own health/mental health care network, a manifestation of the Mexican American value that one should take care of one’s own. Loved ones provide these suggestions or consejos to help those struggling with mental stress manage their mental health. Professional mental health care is usually the last resort, which clients consider only after other options have been exhausted. This study reveals a need to explore the so-called family and social network health care system within this culture.
Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Kejadian Obesitas Pada Anak Usia Sekolah : Literature Review
Authors: Ayu Pradika Raden Roro Tiya , Sari Armenia Daih , Suminar Istinengtyas Tirta
Published: July 2022

Obesitas merupakan penumpukan lemak yang berlebihan akibat ketidak seimbangan asupan energi (energy intake) dengan energi yang digunakan (energy expenditure) dalam waktu lama. Gaya hidup kurang aktivitas fisik  disertai dengan pola makan yang berlebih, yaitu asupan tinggi karbohidrat, lemak, protein dan rendah serat dapat menyebabkan faktor tejadinya obesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian obesitas pada anak usia sekolah berdasarkan penelusuran literature. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitan literature review dengan study cross sectional. Bahan terdiri dari enam jurnal dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa inggris yang dapat diakses full-text. Penelitian menggunakan enam artikel nasional dan intenasional, pencarian artikel dilakukan dengan menggunakan kata kunci (keyword) berupa aktivitas fisik, obesitas, dan anak usia sekolah. Metode pencarian Artikel melalui Google Scholar, Portal Garuda dan PubMed. Keenam artikel tersebut dengan masing-masing sebagai bahan analisa kondisi aktivitas fisik, obesitas serta mengetahui hubungan. Aktivitas fisik yang ringan menyebabkan keluaran energi menjadi rendah sehingga terjadi ketidakseimbangan, serta obesitas pada anak sangat merugikan kualitas hidup anak, sehingga ada hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan obesitas. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lima dari enam artikel terdapat adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian obesitas pada anak usia sekolah. Ilmu keperawatan diharapkan mampu meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan, tenaga kesehatan mampu memberikan informasi dan intervensi, peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan mampu melakukan penelitian lanjutan terkait intervensi, dan diharapkan orang tua dan guru dapat mengontrol anak melakukan aktifitas fisik.
European Raw Materials Resilience—Turning a Blind Eye
Authors: Troll Valentin R. , Arndt Nicholas T.
Published: July 2022

Europe’s almost total dependence on foreign suppliers of metals impacts negatively on the continent’s balance of trade, opens the region to potentially damaging supply problems, allows foreign actors to place political demands on European leaders and economies, and has a considerable negative environmental impact in many parts of the world. Europe has sound economic reasons, and a moral responsibility, to promote more mining in the many parts of the continent where it can be conducted in a responsible and sustainable manner.
New Hope for Treating Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Microsphere-Based Delivery System
Authors: Guo Taowen , Zhang Xiaobo , Hu Yicun , Lin Maoqiang , Zhang Ruihao , Chen Xiangyi , Yu Dechen , Yao Xin , Wang Peng , Zhou Haiyu
Published: July 2022

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) has been considered the dominant factor in low back pain (LBP), and its etiological mechanisms are complex and not yet fully elucidated. To date, the treatment of IVDD has mainly focused on relieving clinical symptoms and cannot fundamentally solve the problem. Recently, a novel microsphere-based therapeutic strategy has held promise for IVD regeneration and has yielded encouraging results with in vitro experiments and animal models. With excellent injectability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, this microsphere carrier allows for targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs, gene regulatory sequences, and other bioactive substances and supports cell implantation and directed differentiation, aiming to improve the disease state of IVD at the source. This review discusses the possible mechanisms of IVDD and the limitations of current therapies, focusing on the application of microsphere delivery systems in IVDD, including targeted delivery of active substances and drugs, cellular therapy, and gene therapy, and attempts to provide a new understanding for the treatment of IVDD.
Maintaining and monitoring quality of a continuously administered digital assessment
Authors: Liao Manqian , Attali Yigal , Lockwood J. R. , von Davier Alina A.
Published: July 2022

Digital-first assessments are a new generation of high-stakes assessments that can be taken anytime and anywhere in the world. The flexibility, complexity, and high-stakes nature of these assessments pose quality assurance challenges and require continuous data monitoring and the ability to promptly identify, interpret, and correct anomalous results. In this manuscript, we illustrate the development of a quality assurance system for anomaly detection for a new high-stakes digital-first assessment, for which the population of test takers is still in flux. Various control charts and models are applied to detect and flag any abnormal changes in the assessment statistics, which are then reviewed by experts. The procedure of determining the causes of a score anomaly is demonstrated with a real-world example. Several categories of statistics, including scores, test taker profiles, repeaters, item analysis and item exposure, are monitored to provide context and evidence for evaluating the score anomaly as well as assure the quality of the assessment. The monitoring results and alerts are programmed to be automatically updated and delivered via an interactive dashboard every day.
Teachers’ perspectives on dealing with students’ errors
Authors: Köpfer Patricia
Published: July 2022

With adequate support for the learner, errors can have high learning potential. This study investigates rather unsuitable action patterns of teachers in dealing with errors. Teachers rarely investigate the causes that evoke the occurrence of individual students’ errors, but instead often change addressees immediately after an error occurs. Such behavior is frequent in the classroom, leaving unexploited, yet important potential to learn from errors. It has remained unexplained why teachers act the way they do in error situations. Using video-stimulated recalls, I investigate the reasons for teachers’ behavior in students’ error situations by confronting them with recorded episodes from their own teaching. Error situations are analyzed (within-case) and teachers’ beliefs are classified in an explanatory model (cross-case) to illustrate patterns across teachers. Results show that teachers refer to an interaction of student attributes, their own attributes, and error attributes when reasoning their own behavior. I find that reference to specific attributes varies depending on the situation, and so do the described reasons that led to a particular behavior as a spontaneous or more reflective decision.
Families’ Experiences of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Management of Congenital Hyperinsulinism: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Auckburally Sameera Hannah , Worth Chris , Salomon-Estebanez Maria , Nicholson Jacqueline , Harper Simon , Nutter Paul W. , Banerjee Indraneel
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims

In patients with congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), recurrent hypoglycaemia can lead to longstanding neurological impairments. At present, glycaemic monitoring is with intermittent fingerprick blood glucose testing but this lacks utility to identify patterns and misses hypoglycaemic episodes between tests. Although continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is well established in type 1 diabetes, its use has only been described in small studies in patients with CHI. In such studies, medical perspectives have been provided without fully considering the views of families using CGM. In this qualitative study, we aimed to explore families’ experiences of using CGM in order to inform future clinical strategies for the management of CHI.

Methods

Ten patients with CHI in a specialist centre used CGM for twelve weeks. All were invited to participate. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine families in whom patient ages ranged between two and seventeen years. Transcripts of the audio-recorded interviews were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis method.

Results

Analysis revealed five core themes: CGM’s function as an educational tool; behavioural changes; positive experiences; negative experiences; and design improvements. Close monitoring and retrospective analysis of glucose trends allowed for enhanced understanding of factors that influenced glucose levels at various times of the day. Parents noted more hypoglycaemic episodes than previously encountered through fingerprick tests; this new knowledge prompted modification of daily routines to prevent and improve the management of hypoglycaemia. CGM use was viewed favourably as offering parental reassurance, reduced fingerprick tests and predictive warnings. However, families also reported unfavourable aspects of alarms and questionable accuracy at low glucose levels. Adolescents were frustrated by the short proximity range for data transmission resulting in the need to always carry a separate receiver. Overall, families were positive about the use of CGM but expected application to be tailored to their child’s medical condition.

Conclusions

Patients and families with CHI using CGM noticed trends in glucose levels which motivated behavioural changes to reduce hypoglycaemia with advantages outweighing disadvantages. They expected CHI-specific modifications to enhance utility. Future design of CGM should incorporate end users’ opinions and experiences for optimal glycaemic monitoring of CHI.
Marine Biofuels Costs and Emissions Study for the European Supply Chain Till 2030
Authors: Gartland Nicolas , Pruyn Jeroen
Published: July 2022

The design and preliminary estimations of biomass supply chains are essential in matching energy supply to energy demand. This is especially true of novel/future fuels and technologies in large industries. In this paper, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model was formulated to represent biofuel supply chains across Europe for the production of three novel marine fuels and to allow the selection of fuel conversion technologies, biomass supply locations, and the logistics of transportation from resources to conversion and from conversion to final markets. On top of this, the total production costs and emissions were calculated and compared to current marine fuels to assess the implementation potential and feasibility of these fuels. The MILP model was used to design and analyze optimal distribution and conversion systems, using a realistic data-set covering the European member states and 15 of the largest bunkering ports in the EU. The results showed that on average, the fuels obtained a 72% greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction compared to a fossil fuel comparator and ranged from 22–36 €/GJ in total production costs. It was also discovered that forestry residues were the best-suited biomass for the production of these fuels and that Poland had the highest supply potential of all considered states. The available supply of biomass was sufficient for the demand in the foreseeable future, the largest impediment to the adoption of these fuels is the available refining potential in Europe.
The Prevalence of Non-infectious Diseases Among Overseas Chinese Workers in 2018
Authors: Zhang Bolin , Ye Xiangguang , Chen Qi , Jiang Qinqin , Zhang Xueying , Tong Lian
Published: July 2022

Background

With the “Belt and Road” initiative, more Chinese citizens have gone abroad to engage in overseas labor activities. Few studies have investigated the prevalence of non-infectious diseases among Chinese overseas workers. This study seeks to fill the gap and illustrate the relevant diseases in a population of Chinese overseas workers.

Methods

The health records of 13,529 Chinese migrant workers (12,917 males, mean age 41.3 ± 8.7 years, and 612 females, mean age 33.1 ± 10.2 years) who visited the International Travel Health Care Center in Anhui province were obtained. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between the prevalence of non-infectious diseases and sex, as well as the association between non-infectious diseases and length of stay abroad.

Results

In this study, 34.6% of overseas workers were found to have one or more types of non-infectious diseases. Hypertension had the highest prevalence (9.58%). Hypertension, fatty liver, renal disease and abnormal liver function tests were more prevalent among male workers than among female workers, while anemia and abnormal urinalysis were more prevalent among female workers. The prevalence of hypertension, renal diseases, liver diseases and gallbladder diseases increased with the length of stay abroad.

Conclusion

Non-infectious diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases were highly prevalent among Chinese overseas workers. Hence the monitoring of non-infectious diseases needs to be enhanced to reduce China's overall disease burden in the future.
Sex ratios and the city: Secondary offspring sex ratios, parental corticosterone, and parental body condition in an urban-adapted bird
Authors: Kilgour Denyelle A. V. , Linkous Courtney R. , Pierson Todd W. , Guindre-Parker Sarah
Published: July 2022

The Trivers–Willard hypothesis states that mothers should adjust their offspring sex ratio according to their own condition and the environment they face during breeding. Past tests of this hypothesis have focused on how natural variation in weather, food availability, or predation pressure shapes sex allocation trade-offs. However, anthropogenic activities, such as urbanization, can alter all of the above characteristics presenting animals with novel challenges in optimizing their brood sex ratio. Previous research has examined how urban living influences individual body condition in several bird taxa, but few have explored subsequent impacts on secondary offspring sex ratio. One likely mediator of the link between environmental conditions, parental condition, and sex ratios is corticosterone (CORT), the primary glucocorticoid in birds. Research on CORT’s influence on sex ratios has focused solely on maternal CORT. However, for species with biparental care, paternal CORT or the similarity of maternal and paternal phenotypes may also help ensure that offspring demand matches parental care quality. To test these hypotheses, we explore offspring secondary sex ratios in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). We did not find an effect of site or parental body condition on the production of the more costly sex (males). Instead, we found preliminary evidence suggesting that the similarity of maternal and paternal CORT levels within a breeding pair may increase the likelihood of successfully fledging sons. Maternal and paternal CORT were not significant predictors of secondary sex ratio, suggesting that parental similarity, rather than parental CORT alone, could play a role in shaping secondary offspring sex ratios, but additional work is needed to support this pattern. Starlings are considered an urban-adapted species, making them a compelling model for future studies of the relationship between urbanization, parental body condition, and sex ratios.
Multi-Omics Analysis of the Tumor Microenvironment in Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Identified FJX1 as a Novel Biomarker
Authors: Zou Junwei , Zhang Hesong , Huang Yong , Xu Wenjing , Huang Yujin , Zuo Siyuan , Li Zhenhan , Zhou Hailang
Published: July 2022

Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality have increased in recent years, with more than half of patients who died of colorectal cancer developing liver metastases. Consequently, colorectal cancer liver metastasis is the focus of clinical treatment, as well as being the most difficult. The primary target genes related to colorectal cancer liver metastasis were via bioinformatics analysis. First, five prognosis-related genes, CTAG1A, CSTL1, FJX1, IER5L, and KLHL35, were identified through screening, and the prognosis of the CSTL1, FJX1, IER5L, and KLHL35 high expression group was considerably poorer than that of the low expression group. Furthermore, the clinical correlation analysis revealed that in distinct pathological stages T, N, and M, the mRNA expression levels of CSTL1, IER5L, and KLHL35 were higher than in normal tissues. Finally, a correlation study of the above genes and clinical manifestations revealed that FJX1 was strongly linked to colorectal cancer liver metastasis. FJX1 is thought to affect chromogenic modification enzymes, the Notch signaling system, cell senescence, and other signaling pathways, according to KEGG enrichment analysis. FJX1 may be a critical target in colorectal cancer metastasis, and thus has the potential as a new biomarker to predict and treat colorectal cancer liver metastases.
Effect of the Microbiome on Intestinal Innate Immune Development in Early Life and the Potential Strategy of Early Intervention
Authors: Yang Zhipeng , Liu Xiangchen , Wu Yanting , Peng Jian , Wei Hongkui
Published: July 2022

Early life is a vital period for mammals to be colonized with the microbiome, which profoundly influences the development of the intestinal immune function. For neonates to resist pathogen infection and avoid gastrointestinal illness, the intestinal innate immune system is critical. Thus, this review summarizes the development of the intestinal microbiome and the intestinal innate immune barrier, including the intestinal epithelium and immune cells from the fetal to the weaning period. Moreover, the impact of the intestinal microbiome on innate immune development and the two main way of early-life intervention including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) also are discussed in this review. We hope to highlight the crosstalk between early microbial colonization and intestinal innate immunity development and offer some information for early intervention.
Association Between Beta-Carotene Supplementation and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Corbi Graziamaria , Ali Sawan , Intrieri Mariano , Modaferri Sergio , Calabrese Vittorio , Davinelli Sergio , Scapagnini Giovanni
Published: July 2022

Background

Aging is a phenomenon universally involving all organisms, genetically determined, and epigenetically influenced by the environment. Numerous observational studies have shown the positive impact of non-pharmacological approaches started in younger age on chronic conditions affecting the elderly health and survival. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of beta-carotene on the total and cause-specific mortality as reported by randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods

We searched Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and CENTRAL Cochrane from inception to September 2021. Studies were eligible if enrolled adults with any health condition, compared beta-carotene supplements at any dose with placebo or no intervention, provided information on deaths from any cause, and were RCTs, in English. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the GRADE. Risk ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were used and a P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Among 3,942 articles searched, 44 articles on 31 RCTs, which included 216,734 total subjects, 108,622 in beta-carotene supplement groups, and 108,112 in the placebo or no-intervention groups, were involved in the final analyses. In a random-effects meta-analysis of all 31 trials, beta-carotene supplements were found to have no preventive effect on mortality (risk ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.98–1.05, I2 = 42%). Further, the analysis showed no preventive effect on cancer, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and other mortality causes. Instead, beta-carotene supplementation significantly increased the risk of lung cancer mortality (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02, 1.27, I2 = 3%) but decreased the risk of human immunodeficiency virus-related mortality (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33, 0.92, I2 = 0).

Conclusion

More studies should be performed to better define the role of beta-carotene on survival, to confirm or deny our results. Therefore, the possible beneficial or harmful effects of the beta-carotene supplementation on mortality must not be overstated.

Systematic Review Registration

[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=259354], identifier [CRD42021259354].
Therapeutical and Nutraceutical Roles of Cyanobacterial Tetrapyrrole Chromophore: Recent Advances and Future Implications
Authors: Singh Kshetrimayum Birla , Kaushalendra  , Rajan Jay Prakash
Published: July 2022

Cyanobacteria have attracted the attention of researchers because of their promising role as primary and secondary metabolites in functional food and drug design. Due to an ever-increasing awareness of health and the use of natural products to avoid the onset of many chronic and lifestyle metabolic diseases, the global demand for the use of natural drugs and food additives has increased in the last few decades. There are several reports about the highly valuable cyanobacterial products such as carotenoids, vitamins, minerals, polysaccharides, and phycobiliproteins showing antioxidant, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and antimicrobial properties. Recently, it has been shown that allophycocyanin increases longevity and reduces the paralysis effect at least in Caenorhabditis elegans. Additionally, other pigments such as phycoerythrin and phycocyanin show antioxidative properties. Because of their high solubility in water and zero side effects, some of the cyanobacterial tetrapyrrole derivatives, i.e., pigments, facilitate an innovative and alternative way for the beverage and food industries in place of synthetic coloring agents at the commercial level. Thus, not only are the tetrapyrrole derivatives essential constituents for the synthesis of most of the basic physiological biomolecules, such as hemoglobin, chlorophyll, and cobalamin, but also have the potential to be used for the synthesis of synthetic compounds used in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. In the present review, we focused on the different aspects of tetrapyrrole rings in the drug design and food industries and addressed its remaining limitations to be used as natural nutrient supplements and therapeutic agents.