bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subchronic Arsenite Exposure Induced Atrophy and Erythropoietin Sensitivity Reduction in Skeletal Muscle Were Relevant to Declined Serum Melatonin Levels in Middle-Aged Rats
Authors: Chen Xiong , Chen Wanying , Wang Dapeng , Ma Lu , Tao Junyan , Zhang Aihua
Published: August 2023

Arsenic is a kind of widespread environmental toxicant with multiorgan-toxic effects, and arsenic exposure is associated with the occurrence and development of many chronic diseases. The influence of environmental arsenic exposure on skeletal muscle, which is a vital organ of energy and glucose metabolism, has received increasing attention. This study aimed to investigate the types of inorganic arsenic-induced skeletal muscle injury, and the potential regulatory effects of melatonin (MT) and erythropoietin (EPO) in young (3-month-old) and middle-aged (12-month-old) rats. Our results showed that 1 mg/L sodium arsenite exposure for 3 months could accelerate gastrocnemius muscle atrophy and promote the switch of type II fibers to type I fibers in middle-aged rats; however, it did not cause significant pathological changes of gastrocnemius muscle in young rats. In addition, arsenite could inhibit serum MT levels, and promote serum EPO levels but inhibit EPO receptor (EPOR) expression in gastrocnemius muscle in middle-aged rats, while serum MT levels and EPOR expression in gastrocnemius muscle showed an opposite effect in young rats. Importantly, exogenous MT antagonized the arsenite-induced skeletal muscle toxic effect and restored serum EPO and gastrocnemius muscle EPOR expression levels in middle-aged rats. There was a positive correlation among gastrocnemius muscle index, serum MT level, and gastrocnemius muscle EPOR protein level in arsenite-exposed rats. This study demonstrated that inorganic arsenic could accelerate skeletal muscle mass loss and type II fiber reduction in middle-aged rats, which may be related to decreased MT secretion and declined EPO sensitivity in skeletal muscle.
Editorial for the Special Issue “Detoxification Mechanisms in Insects”
Authors: Aioub Ahmed A. A. , Ashour Mohamed-Bassem Ali
Published: August 2023

Insects are faced with numerous toxins (xenobiotics) as they go through life, some produced naturally by plants (sometimes called allelochemicals) and some produced by humans (insecticides) [...]
Gut Microbiota Interventions to Retain Residual Kidney Function
Authors: Mafra Denise , Kemp Julie A. , Borges Natalia A. , Wong Michelle , Stenvinkel Peter
Published: August 2023

Residual kidney function for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with better quality of life and outcome; thus, strategies should be implemented to preserve kidney function. Among the multiple causes that promote kidney damage, gut dysbiosis due to increased uremic toxin production and endotoxemia need attention. Several strategies have been proposed to modulate the gut microbiota in these patients, and diet has gained increasing attention in recent years since it is the primary driver of gut dysbiosis. In addition, medications and faecal transplantation may be valid strategies. Modifying gut microbiota composition may mitigate chronic kidney damage and preserve residual kidney function. Although various studies have shown the influential role of diet in modulating gut microbiota composition, the effects of this modulation on residual kidney function remain limited. This review discusses the role of gut microbiota metabolism on residual kidney function and vice versa and how we could preserve the residual kidney function by modulating the gut microbiota balance.
Excretion Dynamics of Arboviruses in Mosquitoes and the Potential Use in Vector Competence Studies and Arbovirus Surveillance
Authors: Körsten Christin , Vasić Ana , AL-Hosary Amira A. , Tews Birke A. , Răileanu Cristian , Silaghi Cornelia , Schäfer Mandy
Published: August 2023

The increasing threat of arboviruses such as West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) requires the fast and efficient surveillance of these viruses. The examination of mosquitoes takes up an important part; however, these investigations are usually very time-consuming. An alternative sample type for arbovirus surveillance might be mosquito excreta. In order to determine the excretion dynamics under laboratory conditions, laboratory colonies of Aedes vexans and Culex pipiens biotype molestus were infected with WNV, USUV or tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). After infection, the excreta were sampled and investigated for viral RNA. Excretion of viral RNA together with infectious blood meal could be detected up to five days after infection. Further excretion seemed to correlate with a disseminated infection in mosquitoes, at least after USUV infection. In addition, it could be determined that the amount of viral RNA in the excretions correlated positively with the viral load in the mosquito bodies. Overall, this study shows that the usage of mosquito excreta as a sample type for surveillance enables the detection of endemic viruses (WNV, USUV) as well as non-mosquito-borne viruses (TBEV). In addition, examination of viral shedding during vector competence studies can provide insights into the course of infection without sacrificing animals.
The Cost-Effectiveness of the BEAT-TB Regimen for Pre-Extensively Drug-Resistant TB
Authors: Muniyandi Malaisamy , Ramesh Paranchi Murugesan , Wells William A. , Alavadi Umesh , Sahu Suvanand , Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran
Published: August 2023

Objective: To measure the economic impacts of the longer pre-XDR-TB treatment regimen and the shorter BEAT-TB India regimen. Methods: In the current study, the economic impacts of the current 18-month pre-XDR-TB treatment regimen and the 6–9 month BEAT-TB regimen were evaluated using an economic model via a decision tree analysis from a societal perspective. The incremental costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained from the introduction of the BEAT-TB regimen for pre-XDR-TB patients were estimated. Results: For a cohort of 1000 pre-XDR-TB patients, we found that the BEAT-TB India regimen yielded higher undiscounted life years (40,548 vs. 21,009) and more QALYs gained (27,633 vs. 15,812) than the 18-month regimen. The BEAT-TB India regimen was found to be cost-saving, with an incremental cost of USD −128,651 when compared to the 18-month regimen. The current analysis did not consider the possibility of reduced TB recurrence after use of the BEAT-TB regimen, so it might have under-estimated the benefits. Conclusion: As a lower-cost intervention with improved health outcomes, the BEAT-TB India regimen is dominant when compared to the 18-month regimen.
Viruses of Freshwater Mussels during Mass Mortality Events in Oregon and Washington, USA
Authors: Richard Jordan C. , Blevins Emilie , Dunn Christopher D. , Leis Eric M. , Goldberg Tony L.
Published: August 2023

Freshwater mussels (Unionida) are globally imperiled, in part due to largely unexplained mass mortality events (MMEs). While recent studies have begun to investigate the possibility that mussel MMEs in the Eastern USA may be caused by infectious diseases, mussels in the Western USA have received relatively little attention in this regard. We conducted a two-year epidemiologic investigation of the role of viruses in ongoing MMEs of the Western pearlshell (Margaritifera falcata) and the Western ridged mussel (Gonidea angulata) in the Chehalis River and Columbia River watersheds in the Western USA. We characterized viromes of mussel hemolymph from 5 locations in 2018 and 2020 using metagenomic methods and identified 557 viruses based on assembled contiguous sequences, most of which are novel. We also characterized the distribution and diversity of a previously identified mussel Gammarhabdovirus related to pathogenic finfish viruses. Overall, we found few consistent associations between viruses and mussel health status. Variation in mussel viromes was most strongly driven by location, with little influence from date, species, or health status, though these variables together only explained ~1/3 of variation in virome composition. Our results demonstrate that Western freshwater mussels host remarkably diverse viromes, but no single virus or combination of viruses appears to be associated with morbidity or mortality during MMEs. Our findings have implications for the conservation of imperiled freshwater mussels, including efforts to enhance natural populations through captive propagation.
Update on the Phylodynamic and Genetic Variability of Marburg Virus
Authors: Scarpa Fabio , Bazzani Liliana , Giovanetti Marta , Ciccozzi Alessandra , Benedetti Francesca , Zella Davide , Sanna Daria , Casu Marco , Borsetti Alessandra , Cella Eleonora , Pascarella Stefano , Maruotti Antonello , Ciccozzi Massimo
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only strained healthcare systems in Africa but has also intensified the impact of emerging and re-emerging diseases. Specifically in Equatorial Guinea, mirroring the situation in other African countries, unique zoonotic outbreaks have occurred during this challenging period. One notable resurgence is Marburg virus disease (MVD), which has further burdened the already fragile healthcare system. The re-emergence of the Marburg virus amid the COVID-19 pandemic is believed to stem from a probable zoonotic spill-over, although the precise transmission routes remain uncertain. Given the gravity of the situation, addressing the existing challenges is paramount. Though the genome sequences from the current outbreak were not available for this study, we analyzed all the available whole genome sequences of this re-emerging pathogen to advocate for a shift towards active surveillance. This is essential to ensure the successful containment of any potential Marburg virus outbreak in Equatorial Guinea and the wider African context. This study, which presents an update on the phylodynamics and the genetic variability of MARV, further confirmed the existence of at least two distinct patterns of viral spread. One pattern demonstrates a slower but continuous and recurring virus circulation, while the other exhibits a faster yet limited and episodic spread. These results highlight the critical need to strengthen genomic surveillance in the region to effectively curb the pathogen’s dissemination. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of prompt alert management, comprehensive case investigation and analysis, contact tracing, and active case searching. These steps are vital to support the healthcare system’s response to this emerging health crisis. By implementing these strategies, we can better arm ourselves against the challenges posed by the resurgence of the Marburg virus and other infectious diseases.
A Nationwide Digital Multidisciplinary Intervention Aimed at Promoting Pneumococcal Vaccination in Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Shapiro Ben David Shirley , Shamai-Lubovitz Orna , Mourad Vered , Goren Iris , Cohen Iunger Erica , Alcalay Tamar , Irony Angela , Greenfeld Shira , Adler Limor , Cahan Amos
Published: August 2023

Immunocompromised patients (IPs) are at high risk for infections, some of which are vaccine-preventable. The Israeli Ministry of Health recommends pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 (PCV13) and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 23 (PPSV23) for IP, but vaccine coverage is suboptimal. We assessed the project’s effectiveness in improving the pneumococcal vaccination rate among IP. An automated population-based registry of IP was developed and validated at Maccabi Healthcare Services, an Israeli health maintenance organization serving over 2.6 million members. Included were transplant recipients, patients with asplenia, HIV or advanced kidney disease; or those receiving immunosuppressive therapy. A personalized electronic medical record alert was activated reminding clinicians to consider vaccination during IP encounters. Later, IP were invited to get vaccinated via their electronic patient health record. Pre- and post-intervention vaccination rates were compared. Between October 2019 and October 2021, overall PCV13 vaccination rates among 32,637 IP went up from 11.9% (n = 3882) to 52% (n = 16,955) (p < 0.0001). The PPSV23 vaccination rate went up from 39.4% (12,857) to 57.1% (18,652) (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, implementation of targeted automated patient- and clinician-facing alerts, a remarkable increase in pneumococcal vaccine uptake was observed among IP. The outlined approach may be applied to increase vaccination uptake in large health organizations.
Optimizing Nonlinear Lateral Control for an Autonomous Vehicle
Authors: Revueltas Lorien , Santos-Sánchez Omar-Jacobo , Salazar Sergio , Lozano Rogelio
Published: August 2023

The lack of general algorithms for the control of nonlinear systems is a generalized problem, especially when attempting to stabilize systems such as ground vehicles, which have uncertainties and are usually linearized under the assumption of small angles. To solve this problem, in this work, the implementation of a suboptimal discrete control is developed to stabilize an autonomous automobile. We assume the system is affine for the optimization procedure of finite horizon that allows us to find a solution while avoiding solving the Ricatti-type equation, commonly encountered in this kind of algorithm. This procedure is applied to the dynamical model of the lateral displacement and orientation errors of the vehicle that was discretized through the method of Euler. These nonlinear models discretized to compute a bounded control. The control is tested in different simulated scenarios to show the efficiency of the system for solving typical tasks for the path planning of an autonomous vehicle.
Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Relation to Organic versus Mineral Fertilization
Authors: Covaciu (Neamțu) Diana Cătălina , Balint Ana Claudia , Neamțu Călin Vasile , Moșneag Silvia Claudia , Bordea Daniela , Dîrjan Sorina , Odagiu Antonia Cristina Maria
Published: August 2023

Groundwater pollution is a threat to the environment and human health because it is an important source of drinking water. Groundwater is used to supply water to communities and pollution occurs when harmful substances and contaminants infiltrate into the groundwater. Through excessive use of fertilizers, agriculture is a major contributor to groundwater pollution. This study tests the impact of organic and mineral fertilization on the groundwater physiochemical parameters and explores the potential consequences of using manure as fertilizer on groundwater nitrate pollution. The experiment was carried out in Satu Mare County, Romania, where both organic (manure) and mineral fertilizers were applied to potato cultures to test their impact on 18 physiochemical parameters of groundwater quality. Basic Statistics, Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), and Principal Components Analysis were used for emphasizing the impact of mineral and organic fertilization on groundwater quality and relationships between analyzed groundwater parameters. The results show that groundwater corresponding to the site where the higher dose of organic fertilization was applied is characterized by nitrate concentrations (64.92 mg/L) and pH values (6.3 pH units) beyond the allowed limits. Based on the calculated NPI (2.21), it falls within the significant pollution category. Two principal factors were identified as having an impact on groundwater quality: fertilizer type and administered dose, respectively.
A Graph-Based Optimization Framework for Large Water Distribution Networks
Authors: Sitzenfrei Robert
Published: August 2023

Water distribution networks (WDNs) have a crucial task: to reliably provide sufficient and high-quality water while optimizing financial resources. Achieving both reliability and resilience is vital. However, oversizing capacities can be costly and detrimental to water quality due to stagnation. Designing WDNs requires the consideration of these factors, resulting in a multi-objective optimization task typically addressed with evolutionary algorithms. Yet, for large WDNs with numerous decision variables, such algorithms become impractical. Complex network analysis offers an efficient approach, particularly with mathematical graphs representing WDNs. Recently, a graph-based multi-objective design approach using a customized measure (demand edge betweenness centrality) and a surrogate method for water quality assessment in large WDNs were developed. This paper combines these graph-based approaches into an optimization framework suitable for complex, real-world WDNs. The framework aims to minimize costs, maximize resilience, and exclude designs with poor water quality. It is demonstrated on a toy example, and its computational efficiency is shown by a real case study with 4000 decision variables, obtaining results in just 18.5 s compared to weeks of computation time with a state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithm.
Comparative Application of Rain Gauge, Ground- and Space-Borne Radar Precipitation Products for Flood Simulations in a Dam Watershed in South Korea
Authors: Cho Younghyun
Published: August 2023

This study presents a comparative analysis of flood simulations using rain gauge, ground- and space-borne radar precipitation products. The objectives are to assess the effectiveness of two radar-based data sources, namely the Radar-AWS Rainrates (RAR) and Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG), in a dam watershed with gauge observations, and explore the modeling feasibility of integrating the half-hourly IMERG satellite precipitation in regions with ungauged or limited observational area. Two types of HEC-HMS models were developed, considering areal-averaged and spatially distributed gridded data simulations utilizing eight selected storm events. The findings indicate that the RAR data, although slightly underestimate precipitation compared to the gauge measurements, accurately reproduce hydrographs without requiring parameter adjustments (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, ENS, 0.863; coefficient of determination, R2, 0.873; and percent bias, PBIAS, 7.49%). On the other hand, flood simulations using the IMERG data exhibit lower model efficiency and correlation, suggesting potential limitations in ungauged watersheds. Nevertheless, with available discharge data, the calibrated model using IMERG shows prospects for utilization (ENS 0.776, R2 0.787, and PBIAS 7.15%). Overall, this research offers insights into flood simulations using various precipitation products, emphasizing the significance of reliable discharge data for accurate hydrological modeling and the need for further evaluation of the IMERG product.
Temporal Analysis of Water Quality for the Nilo Coelho Reservoir, Terra Nova, Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: Silveira Nara , Tibúrcio Igor , Soares Gabriel , Galvíncio Josicleda , Santos Danilo , Montenegro Suzana
Published: August 2023

The Brazilian northeast has a characteristic relationship with water resources because, in this region, water scarcity is associated with natural factors and accentuated by anthropic actions that interfere with water quality. The present work aimed to perform a temporal analysis of the water quality of the Nilo Coelho reservoir, municipality of Terra Nova, a semi-arid region of Pernambuco. Initially, the parameters of dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and phosphorus, available in the system of hydrological response units for Pernambuco (SUPer), following the resolution of the National Environment Council (CONAMA), for the years 1963–2021, were analyzed. Subsequently, land use and occupation mapping were carried out to identify the activities that developed in the region. The result of the analysis of water quality for the Nilo Coelho reservoir classifies it as little compromised, since the parameters are within acceptable limits, with greater variations for phosphorus. Regarding the use and occupation of the soil, there was an increase in water availability and agricultural areas, with a reduction in the caatinga. Continuous monitoring of water quality in the reservoir is recommended, in addition to the application of SUPer and land use and occupation maps as tools for the management of water resources.
Impacts of Aerosol Orographic Precipitation Interaction Associated with Western Disturbances over India Using Satellite Observations
Authors: Kemmannu Prashantha Kumar , Manjunatha Busnur Rachotappa
Published: August 2023

Western disturbances (WDs) develop as extra-tropical low-pressure systems over the Mediterranean and lose their frontal structure as they move eastward toward India. The effect of aerosols on the microphysical characteristics of precipitation and clouds associated with WDs in February 2016 was investigated over the west coast of India and the adjacent Arabian region. This research highly depends on the era interim reanalysis ensemble with back-trajectory simulation. Among the WD event’s pre-mature and mature phases, warm and humid prevailing winds were observed, resulting in substantial aerosol movement. Compared to the ERA-Interim thirty-year mean climatology, the temperature in the simulations was higher during the dissipating phase through to the mature phase. During the dispersing phase, the confluence of easterly and westerly winds was evident in the study region’s eastern and northeastern areas. Over the northern and eastern sections of the country, there was a substantial quantity of high ratios of water-vapor mixing and a significant level of humidity. Precipitation occurred among the northeastern and eastern parts of the research area between the dissipating phases. All the forecasts overstated the precipitation over Odisha, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and West Bengal, whereas the model underestimated it over Kerala, Karnataka, Konkan, and Goa. Between the dissipating phases among the regions where rainfall was observed, the cloud fraction (CF) value of vertical integration was moderate to high. The significant relationship between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and precipitation showed a stimulating effect in the presence of aerosols, which results in enhanced rain during the dissipating phase.
Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Sewage Sludge Integrated with Brewery Wastewater Treatment: Importance of Temperature and Mixing Ratio
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yin Zhixuan , Gu Ruihuan , Liu Changqing , Xu Nan , Sun Zhifu , Jing Lu , Niu Xinyuan
Published: August 2023

Brewery wastewater is characterized by a high organic matter content and low pH, which may cause serious ecological hazards if it is discharged without any treatment. In this study, brewery wastewater treatment was integrated with anaerobic digestion of municipal sewage sludge. Additionally, the effects of temperature and mixing ratio of brewery wastewater were investigated. The results showed that the brewery wastewater mixing ratio (v/v) of 20% could maximize the biogas production during anaerobic digestion at the temperature of 34 °C. Additionally, regulating the appropriate mixing ratio, increasing operating temperature and adjusting pH were effective ways to enhance anaerobic digestion efficiency. Furthermore, the distribution of microbial communities was confirmed to be significantly influenced by the mixing ratio of brewery wastewater using high-throughput DNA sequencing technology. With the increasing mixing ratio of brewery wastewater, Firmicutes gradually dominated instead of Chloroflexi. Meanwhile, Methanolinea and Methanosarcina became the dominant methanogens, while the proportion of Methanothrix was significantly reduced. The results of this study will provide data to support the practical process operation of anaerobic co-digestion of brewery wastewater and municipal sewage sludge.
Thermal Polymerisation Synthesis of g-C3N4 for Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B Dye under Natural Sunlight
Authors: Zhang Muxi , Xing Meiyan , Dong Bin , Zhang Hongxia , Sun Xiaojie , Li Qiuhong , Lu Xueshuang , Mo Jingjing , Zhu Hongxiang
Published: August 2023

The photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 materials prepared by different precursors for Rhodamine B (RhB) dye degradation was studied. Their crystal structure, morphologies, chemical compositions, functional groups, and optical and photoelectrochemical performances of prepared g-C3N4 were analysed and characterised using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra, photoluminescence, and electrochemical workstations. The degradation of RhB dye in the presence of visible light and sunlight was utilised to assess the photocatalytic efficiency of the g-C3N4 photocatalyst. The results of the photocatalytic comparison experiment showed that the g-C3N4 photocatalyst prepared with urea as a precursor (UCN) has the best photocatalytic performance, achieving 99.61% removal in 40 min. In addition, the photocatalyst UCN can completely degrade 10 mg/L RhB dye within 20 min under sunlight, demonstrating its potential for practical applications under natural sunlight conditions. After four cycles, the degradation rate remains above 99%, demonstrating excellent stability and reusability. Due to its lower average pore number, larger BET-specific surface area and volume of pores, UCN provides more activity spaces and facilitates the adsorption of pollutant molecules, thereby enhancing photocatalytic activity. It was established through the active substance trapping studies that the main reactive species involved in the photocatalytic degradation process of RhB dye is •O2−. This study showed that g-C3N4 synthesised with urea as the precursor has better photocatalytic performance in the degradation of RhB dye.
Flow Field and Gas Field Distribution of Non-Submerged Cavitation Water Jet Based on Dual-Nozzle with Concentric Configuration
Authors: Luo Yun , Zang Jingyu , Zheng Hongxiang
Published: August 2023

Cavitation water jet peening is an efficient and green surface treatment technology. The dual-nozzle can realize a cavitation water jet in air (non-submerged condition), which can be used for the surface treatment of large structures. The flow field characteristics of the dual-nozzle determine the cavitation effect. In this paper, the simulation of a cavitation water jet in air is carried out using Fluent software. The flow field characteristics containing velocity distribution, impact pressure, and gas phase volume fraction distribution are studied in detail. Furthermore, the effects of the nozzle structure parameters and incidence pressure on flow field characteristics are discussed. It was found that the structure parameters of the inner nozzle have a great influence on the flow field characteristics. Setting a contraction segment and expansion segment can improve the impact pressure and increase the intensity of the cavitation jet. Increasing the throat diameter and incidence pressure of the internal nozzle is also beneficial to improve the impact pressure and cavitation intensity. In order to assure a good cavitation effect, nozzle optimization should be performed. This study has guiding significance for the design of the dual-nozzle for a non-submerged cavitation water jet.
The Hydraulic and Boundary Characteristics of a Dike Breach Based on Cluster Analysis
Authors: Liu Mingxiao , Luo Yaru , Qiao Chi , Wang Zezhong , Ma Hongfu , Sun Dongpo
Published: August 2023

It is important to determine the hydraulic boundary eigenvalues of typical embankment breaches before carrying out research on their occurrence mechanisms and assessing their repair technology. However, it is difficult to obtain the hydraulic boundary conditions of the typical levee breaches accurately with minor or incomplete measured data due to the complexity and instability of the levee breach. Based on more than 100 groups of domestic and foreign test data of embankment/earth dam failures, the correlation between the hydraulic boundary eigenvalues of a breach was established based on the cluster analysis approach. Additionally, the missing values were imputed after correlating and fitting. Meanwhile, the hydraulic boundary parameters and the related equations of a generalized typical breach were obtained through the statistical analysis of the probability density of the dimensionless eigenvalues of the breach. The analysis showed that the width of the breach mainly ranges in 20~100 m, while the water head of the breach is 4~12 m, and the velocity of the breach is 2~8 m/s. The distribution probabilities of all them are about 64~71%. The probability density of the width-to-depth ratio and the Froude number of the breach are both subject to normal distribution characteristics. The distribution frequency of the width-to-depth ratio of 3~8 is approximately 55%, and the Froude number of 0.4~0.8 is approximately 60%. These methods and findings might provide valuable support for the statistical research of the boundary and hydraulic characteristics of the breach, and the closure technology of breach.
Evaluation of Regional Elevation and Blade Density Effects on the Efficiency of a 1-kW Wind Turbine for Operation in Low-Wind Counties in Iran
Authors: Akbari Vahid , Naghashzadegan Mohammad , Kouhikamali Ramin , Yaïci Wahiba
Published: August 2023

This research investigates the effect of blade density and elevation above sea level on the startup time (Ts) and power coefficient (Cp) of a 1-kW two-bladed wind turbine. The study uses three Iranian hardwoods as the blade material and four counties of Iran with low wind speeds and different elevations as the case studies. The BW-3 airfoil is considered as the blade profile. A multi-objective optimization process with the aid of the differential evolution (DE) algorithm is utilized to specify the chord length and twist angle. The findings demonstrate that, while the maximum Cp of the optimal blades designed with all three types of wood is high and equal to 0.48, the average Ts of the optimal blades designed with oak and hornbeam wood is 84% and 108% higher than that of alder wood, respectively. It is also observed that, while raising the elevation to 2250 m decreases the Cp by only 2.5%, the ideal blade designed to work at sea level could not manage to start rotating at a height of 1607 m and above. Finally, an improvement in the Ts and Cp was observed by performing optimization based on the local atmospheric conditions associated with the incrementing blade chord length at high elevations.
Reserves for reducing production costs in the region
Authors:   Orenburg Branch of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Lazareva O.S. , Sovetov I.N. ,   Orenburg Branch of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
Published: August 2023

The paper considers the main reserves for reducing the cost price of bakery products of a bakery enterprise, as well as studies and performs calculations to reduce material costs. The reduction and preservation of the cost price of bread production for the near future is justified, and the financial results from saving raw material costs are determined.
Private prescribing of controlled opioids in England, 2014–2021: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Martus Isabella , MacKenna Brian , Rial William , Hayhurst Jon , Richards Georgia C
Published: August 2023

Background

Trends in NHS opioid prescribing have been well published, yet trends in private prescribing of opioids have not been widely established.

Aim

To assess trends and geographical variation in controlled opioids prescribed by private prescribers in England.

Design and setting

This was a retrospective observational study in English primary health care.

Method

Data on Schedule 2 and 3 controlled opioids (‘controlled opioids’) were obtained from the NHS Business Services Authority (BSA) using Freedom of Information (FOI) requests between 1 January 2014 and 30 November 2021. Absolute counts and rates of the number of items dispensed per cumulative number of registered private prescribers were calculated and stratified over time, by opioid type, and geographical region.

Results

This study found that 128 341 items of controlled opioids were prescribed by private prescribers in England between January 2014 and November 2021, which decreased by 50% from 23 339 items (4.09 items/prescriber) in 2014 to 11 573 items (1.49 items/prescriber) in 2020. Methadone (36%,n= 46 660) was the most common controlled opioid prescribed privately, followed by morphine (18%,n= 22 543), buprenorphine (16%,n= 20 521), and oxycodone (12%,n= 15 319). Prescriptions were highest in London (74%,n= 94 438), followed by the South-East of England (7%,n= 9237). A proportion of items (n= 462; 0.36%) were prescribed by ‘unidentified doctors’ where the prescription is not readily attributable to an individual prescriber by the BSA.

Conclusion

Controlled opioids prescribed by private prescribers in England decreased and were primarily prescribed in London. To ensure patient safety, the monitoring and surveillance of controlled opioids dispensed privately should continue and items linked to ‘unidentified doctors’ should be addressed further.
INTERNALIZATION OF CHARACTER EDUCATION IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMI TIME THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AT STIE-I RENGAT STUDENTS
Authors: Dewi Kurnia , Yulianda Airine
Published: August 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has forced the lecture system to switch from offline learning to online learning. This more or less affects the character of neglected students and may also make the character of a student lose. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of the process of internalizing character education during the COVID-19 pandemic through entrepreneurship education for STIE-I Rengat students. Entrepreneurship Education is a course given to all STIE-I semester VI (six) students. Through this course it is also hoped that there will be a process of forming student character and also strengthening the entrepreneurial mentality in particular. However, of course, many factors hindered the original objective of this course, plus the Covid-19 pandemic which ultimately disrupted the lecture process and made it run less than optimally. During the Covid-19 pandemic STIE-I Rengat implemented online learning so that learning could continue, this made the process of internalizing character education through entrepreneurship education continue, through 3 stages, carried out in stages and continuously, namely the first value transformation was carried out by presentation methods, group discussions and questions and answers via Google Meet and Zoom. Second, the value transaction stage is carried out by observation or direct questioning with students. Third, the Internalization Stage. This process is carried out in virtual practice by participating in an entrepreneurship program organized by the Ministry of Higher Education. Students are expected to have a strong character and entrepreneurial character especially those who support the characteristics of being responsible, willing to work hard, be creative, innovative, have a spirit of nationalism, patriotism and care about what is happening around them.
Spreading the Word About Extension's Public Value
Authors: Kalambokidis Laura
Published: August 2023

In recent years, the idea that Extension can build support for its programs by highlighting how they benefit people who have no contact with the programs has taken root in the Extension system. Providing Extension program teams with resources, training, and leadership can lead to a body of public value messages that can infuse Extension's stakeholder communications. Hundreds of Extension professionals have received public value training, and survey results suggest that many trainees are following up with actions. Many trainees see positive effects from the public value approach, but measurable impacts will take more time.
Advancing the Public Value Movement: Sustaining Extension During Tough Times
Authors: Franz Nancy
Published: August 2023

Extension must more fully and adeptly embrace the public value movement to be sustainable as a publicly funded organization, or our demise as an organization will continue. The public value steps outlined here and piloted with several Extension systems and national work groups can be informative for others interested in capturing and sharing the public value of Extension work. Overall, the Extension public value banner needs to be held high as we struggle to change the perception of our work by addressing this as a "movement" in our organizational development and not a "response" to the economic environment.
Are Transformational Directors Required for Satisfied Agents?
Authors: Elizer Amy
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the study reported here was to determine if a correlation existed between directors' leadership style and agents' job satisfaction. A usable return rate of 112 (60.8%) Tennessee agents was achieved. The instrument included a demographic assessment, the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire 5X, and the Mohrman-Cooke-Mohrman Job Satisfaction Survey. Data was aggregated across the state. While the majority of directors were perceived as laissez-faire (N = 64, 73.6%), the majority of agents indicated high job satisfaction (N=61, 56.5%). Cross tabulation of this association indicates that transformational directors have more highly satisfied agents than other styles.
An Evaluation of Nutrition Education Program for Low-Income Youth
Authors: Kemirembe Olive , Radhakrishna Rama , Gurgevich Elise , Yoder Edgar , Ingram Patreese
Published: August 2023

A quasi-experimental design consisting of pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest comparison control group was used. Nutrition knowledge and behaviors were measured at pretest (time 1) posttest (time 2) and delayed posttest (time 3). General Linear Model (GLM) repeated measure ANCOVA results showed that youth who received nutrition education lessons significantly improved their nutrition knowledge and nutrition behaviors compared to those who did not participate in the lessons.
ALGORITHM FOR PROCESSING GAS SENSOR’S RESPONSE KINETICS DATA USING EXTENDED EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION WITHOUT NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION
Authors: Tonkoshkur A.S. , Lozovskyi A.S.
Published: August 2023

The features of the use of computer technologies for processing experimental data for solv-ing the problems of automation of research of materials for gas sensitive sensors are con-sidered. An algorithm for processing the kinetic dependence of the response of gas sensors based on the model of an extended exponential function are proposed, which does not use numerical differentiation operations when finding the parameters of this model. This allows to signifi-cantly reduce the influence of the presence of data spread in the coordinates of the approxi-mating diagrams that are used in calculating the model parameters, increase the accuracy of their determination and contribute to the implementation of an automated information measuring system for the process of computer processing and analysis of experimental data.
Modeling of a neural network-based system for identification and control of technical object parameters
Authors: Vladyslav Mykhailenko , Alla Kamienieva , Segii Stukalov , Oksana Zui
Published: August 2023

The article analyzes the effectiveness of a neural network control system for main-taining the pH level in the feedwater of a steam boiler. An intelligent control system im-plements the principle of reverse error propagation through a neural emulator. The sub-system model of steam boiler water tube blowing was used as the research object. The neural network controller and neural emulator were trained on a control system model with a PID controller using the expert correction methodology of tuning coefficients: proportionality, integration constant, and differentiation based on the analysis of tran-sient process quality indicators. The analysis of the transient processes obtained from simulation modeling allows us to state that the trained neural network control system successfully compensates for disturbances over a wide range of changes in the object's parameter values via control channels and disturbances (simulating changes in steam load).
Peran Accounting & Finance terhadap Incoming Sales di PT. Trans Retail Indonesia
Authors: Christianto Jonathan , Prasetio Arton Briyan , Sutrisno Nuno , Beny Beny
Published: August 2023

This internship report is intended to explain the author's activities in the joint internship process at PT. Trans Retail Indonesia through the Independent Campus Certified Internship program organized by the Ministry of Education and Culture. In this report, it will be explained how the author's daily life as part of the accounting and finance internship participants. The things that are explained will include the division of tasks within the Accounting and Finance team, the work assigned by the mentor to the author, and also how the process of carrying out the final project is. The final project takes the theme Flow Incoming sales which contains the flow of incoming money at PT. Trans Retail Indonesia from the store to the head office.
Magang HR Recruitment pada PT. Mitra Adi Perkasa
Authors: Febiyanti Sherly , Kanti Annisa , Debora Debora , Supriatna Dicky
Published: August 2023

The Merdeka Internship Program organized by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology aims to increase students' knowledge and experience in the world of professional work. This Merdeka Internship Program is carried out at Active MAP Adiperkasa/Active MAP with HR Recruitment position. MAP Active (PT MAP Active Adiperkasa Tbk) is a retailer engaged in sports products and is a subsidiary of PT Mitra Adiperkasa Tbk (MAP). The brands managed by this company like Fitflop, Docmart, Skechers, New Balance, ALDO etc.The work done during the Merdeka Internship Program is to carry out the the end-to-end recruitment process. As for other work, such as helping project walk-in interviews which have been carried out 3 times during the internship. The Merdeka Internship Program is fully offline program so that we can learn many things directly and can be used as provisions to enter the world of work.The result of this internship program is to add new knowledge and experience that cannot be obtained from studying in college and also working professionally. In addition, hard skills and soft skills are also very well honed.
Unraveling Ties: Exploring Global Family Business Conflicts
Authors: Manchala Seema , Naaz Sayeda Rimsha
Published: August 2023

Family businesses have historically played a vital role in economies around the world, serving as the bedrock of societies and regional economies. They have emerged as key employers, significantly impacting national economies. Notably, a select few family businesses have even fostered the growth of successful conglomerates, contributing substantially to employment opportunities within their respective nations. However, it is important to acknowledge that many family businesses have encountered internal disputes, with only a handful managing to keep such conflicts discreet, while others have struggled. Conflict and succession represent the two primary threats to the continued success of family businesses. Conflicts within these businesses often arise when family owners eel hat their personal needs are not being fulfilled. Effectively managing such conflicts becomes crucial not only for the survival of the business but also for the well-being of the family involved.
Agricultural Entrepreneurship: Problems in India
Authors: Ramar N
Published: August 2023

India, being an agrarian nation, relies heavily on agriculture, which contributes approximately 25 percent to its gross domestic product. However, with the growing number of people from rural areas and unemployed graduates migrating to cities in search of employment, the country struggles to generate sufficient job opportunities alongside economic growth. The inadequate infrastructure and amenities in rural areas have further strained the urban infrastructure due to the influx of population. This article aims to explore the prospects of pursuing a career in farming or agribusiness as a potential solution to this issue. Additionally, it highlights the untapped potential of agriculture in empowering local entrepreneurs and improving overall well-being. In this new era, there is a need for a comprehensive and integrated model that encompasses rural employment as the foundation for nurturing local entrepreneurs. The study initially identifies the key factors influencing the economic development of both rural and urban areas. Its objective is to uncover various agricultural pathways and develop a predictive model for agribusiness, thereby fostering sustainable economic growth.
Attitude and Perception of teaching and learning process through ICT: A case study of DMI-St. Eugene University, Zambia
Authors: Fatima Mary A , Sethupathy K
Published: August 2023

This study aims to discuss the efficacy of teaching and learning process through Information and Communication Technology, taken to practice.Teachers always play an essential role of creating a successful environment for the implementation of digital media teaching at the educational institutions. In fact, the efficacy of such a teaching methodology is of prime importance in this modernity. The specialization of the paper is to bring an awareness on the prospects of a viable virtual platform that can be taken to practice as a modern means of teaching to the audience. None the less, in terms to the educational system existing in Zambia, this is the foremost practical teaching method introduced by DMI to sustain enhanced learning possibilities to students from all corners of the nation of Zambia. The efforts being taken to enhance teaching and thereby learning of students is by the successful implementation of a digital media at the DMI-St. Eugene University. Precisely, to be authentic to the expression of this study, the university has well-equipped digital tools to make learning and teaching an easy access.The size of the sample consists of 42 teaching staff of the affiliated college of the DMI-St Eugene University. For collecting the data, the researcher used stratified random sampling and survey method along with Questionnaires and interview method. The findings of the study determine the fact that the staffs have adequate knowledge of digital media and they are equipped with the required tools for teaching. The variables taken are conducive to the concept of application in respect to ICT related practices in the institution.
Akıllı Şehirler ve Trafik Güvenliği için Sürüş Kontrolü Uygulaması
Authors: YİĞİT Yıldıray , KARABATAK Murat
Published: August 2023

Dünya nüfusu her geçen gün daha hızlı bir şekilde artmakta ve kırsal kesimdeki insanların kentlere olan göçleri de buna paralel devam etmektedir. Kentlerdeki bu hızlı nüfus artışı beraberinde çözülmesi gereken ulaşım, barınma, eğitim gibi birçok problemi de beraberinde getirmektedir. Kentlerdeki trafik ve ulaşım problemi bu problemlerin en başında gelmektedir. Trafikte yaşanan problemler eğitim, ekonomi, sağlık, çevre kirliliği gibi birçok yaşam alanını da doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak etkilemektedir. Her geçen gün artan trafikten dolayı insanların trafikte geçirdiği süre artmakta, trafik yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak sürücülerin hızlanma ve yavaşlamalarında çok büyük bir değişkenlikler olabilmektedir. Ayrıca, yapılan araştırmalarda trafik yoğunluğunun az olduğu saatlerde aşırı hızlanma ve yavaşlamaya bağlı kazaların daha fazla olduğu görülmektedir. Araç sürücülerinin trafikte konforlu ve güvenli sürüş yapabilmeleri, beraberinde birçok avantaj getirebilmektedir. Sürüş güvenliğinden yakıt tüketimine, çevre kirliliğinden konfora kadar birçok parametre sürüş kontrolü ile sağlanabilmektedir. Literatürde yapılan çalışmaların büyük bir kısmının simülasyon ortamında yapıldığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, trafik ışıklarına bağlı olarak sürüş kontrolünün sağlayacağı avantajlara yönelik deneysel çalışmalar yapılmış ve sonuçları tartışılmıştır. Aynı zamanda, bu sürüş kontrolünü sağlayacak bir sistem de çalışmada önerilmektedir.