bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid. Causing Leaf Blight Disease in Mung Bean in Maharashtra State
Authors: Khaire Pravin Babasaheb , Hingole Dilipkumar Gangadhar , Holkar Somnath Kadappa , Ghante Praphulla Hemant , Mane Someshree Sampatrao
Published: July 2023

Leaf blight (LB) disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, an important constraint in mung bean production in India. In the present investigations, the aimed to evaluate the loss in yield, better mung bean cultivars against LB and the efficient management. Based on symptomatology, cultural and morphological characteristics the pathogen isolated from cv JL-781 it was identified as M. phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid. inducing LB disease. Pathogenicity of M. phaseolina was proved on the mung bean cv JL-781. Subsequently, field experiment was conducted for the management of LB disease using seed treatment with carbendazim 50 WP a.i. 0.2% (2 g/kg) + spraying of zinc sulphate monohydrate @ 0.01% + soil application of Trichoderma viride @ 5 g/ha mixed with 3 kg of FYM + foliar spray of garlic extract (10%) showed 15.45% incidence. This result was followed by 16.79% disease incidence and 15.44% disease severity by seed treatment with carbendazim, foliar spray of zinc sulphate, and soil application with T. viride @ 5 g/ha mixed with 3 kg of FYM.
Uporaba topil med ponovnim koreninskim zdravljenjem
Authors: Ujčič Samec Tomi
Published: July 2023

Endodontsko zdravljenje je zobozdravniški poseg, s katerim želimo odstraniti okužbo iz koreninskokanalskega sistema. Pri ponovnem koreninskem zdravljenju je v koreninskokanalskem sistemu okužen polnilni material, ki ga je treba odstraniti. Za polnitev koreninskih kanalov se najpogosteje uporabljajo gutaperčne pene. Odstranjevanje polnilnega materiala izvajamo mehansko, s pomočjo ročnih ali strojnih (rotirajočih ali recipročnih) instrumentov, z ultrazvokom, vročimi instrumenti, laserjem, kemično pa s pomočjo raztopin za izpiranje koreninskih kanalov ali topil. Na voljo je več vrst topil: kloroform, evkaliptol, ksilen, pomarančno olje, tetrakloretilen, terpentin in druga topila. Nobeno topilo ni hkrati netoksično do okolnih tkiv in učinkovito topilo za gutaperčo, nekatera pa so celo lahko rakotvorna. Kloroform je bil dolga leta topilo izbire, vendar so ga zaradi citotoksičnosti, hepatotoksičnosti in možne rakotvornosti opustili, jasna priporočila o uporabi nadomestnih topil pa so postala neznanka. Pregled literature v članku kaže, da topila gutaperče lahko zavirajo proliferacijo, povzročijo apoptozo in zmanjšajo stopnjo migracije celic fibroblastov. Študije učinkovitosti topljenja gutaperče s posameznimi topili si nasprotujejo. Čeprav se je uporaba topil izrazila v manjši porabi časa pri odstranjevanju polnilnega materiala zaradi njihove potencialne toksičnosti, svetujemo, da se uporaba omeji na primere, ko zgolj z mehanskim odstranjevanjem ne dosežemo delovne dolžine oziroma kadar zaradi ukrivljenosti koreninskega kanala tvegamo zaplet (zlom instrumenta, predrtje). Uporaba topil v ničemer ne izboljšuje kakovosti čiščenja koreninskokanalskega sistema, lahko pa negativno vpliva na nadaljnje postopke v konzervativni ali protetični oskrbi. Zaradi majhnih razlik v učinkovitosti topil pri odstranjevanju gutaperče je po literaturi nemogoče priporočiti posamezno topilo. Uporabo kloroforma in tetrakloretilena glede na veliko verjetnost rakotvornosti odsvetujemo.
Detección de hiperglicemia para el diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus a través de la prueba oral a la glucosa en personas que asisten al centro de salud de Okinawa uno, provincia Warnes - Santa Cruz 2020
Authors: Salvatierra Roselin
Published: July 2023

Con la finalidad de contribuir a mejorar las condiciones de salud y bienestar de las personas  que son candidatos a tener la enfermedad de diabetes mellitus, ya sea por herencia genética,  tener algún familiar cercano que tenga la enfermedad o por malos hábitos como el sedentarismo, alimentos que conllevan a desarrollar obesidad los cuales son propensos a desarrollar  diabetes mellitus, en Okinawa Uno se realizó la prueba de glicemia en ayuno a todos los que  tenían sus fichas de laboratorio, y la prueba oral a la glicemia en ayuno a los pacientes que  sus resultados salían con hiperglicemia, que asistían a su control de laboratorio del centro  de salud Rvdo. Padre Miguel Gould. El estudio de la glicemia se les realizó a 96 pacientes  de los cuales 70% (68) son de sexo femenino y el 29% (28) del sexo masculino. El 48%  (47) son pacientes que se encuentran con hiperglicemia, el sexo femenino es el cual asistía  con más frecuencia al centro de salud y con más probabilidad de salir con un resultado de  glucosa alterado. Para la realización de la prueba oral a la glucosa se consideró la glicemia  a partir de 99 ml/dl ya que estaba en el límite superior de valores normales. De acuerdo con  este criterio deberían hacerse la prueba oral a la glucosa un total de 50 de los participantes  cuya glicemia fue mayor o igual a 99 mg/dl; de estos solo el 30% (15) aceptaron realizar la  prueba.
Travail, formation et professionnalisation : enjeux et configurations sociales, cadres théoriques et échelles d’analyse
Authors: Zaouani-Denoux Souâd , Wittorski Richard
Published: July 2023

This article looks at the relationship between work, training, and professionalization. It examines the changes that have led to their emergence. It then presents the main configurations of links between these three concepts, which fuel current debates and make it possible to understand them in terms of the contexts in which they are operationalized. The issues surrounding these links and the theoretical and methodological frameworks used to understand and interpret them are also reviewed. The article thus takes the form of a review of the existing literature. It concludes with a number of “key ideas” shared by the many practices and research projects in this field.
Les Capabilités : une grille de lecture des conditions de la professionnalisation au travail et en formation
Authors: Fernagu Solveig
Published: July 2023

Professionalization is often defined as the implementation of actions enabling continuous and situated development of skills through and within work situations. This definition does not differentiate professionalization from work-based training. It is toward what ends they are used that distinguishes professionalization from training. Training is generally focused on the ability to act, while professionalization focuses on the power to act. In this perspective we use the capabilities framework understood as a power to act, in order to consider professionalization approaches, modalities, practices, systems or situations, and to question the capability to professionalize oneself. We first define terms related to capabilities and then describe the capabilities framework. Finally, we will analyze how this theoretical approach can be used to interpret professionalization.
Analyser une activité de soin à dominante corporelle et participer à la formation et à la professionnalisation du métier : l’exemple de la psychomotricité
Authors: Paggetti Marion
Published: July 2023

This article shows how the in-depth analysis of a key professional physical gesture contributes to training and professionalization. The article is based on the results of an analysis of an activity conducted with psychomotor therapists working with pediatric patients. A microscopic but central part of the professional work resides in the therapist’s body and their gestural adjustments, but remains implicit and hardly put into words by the therapists carrying these movements. The results of this analysis show that the psychomotor therapists conduct a body, sensory and affective inquiry with their pediatric patients. These results inform a professionalization perspective and provide an opportunity to consider group constitution, training composition and institutional recognition.
Building resilient cervical cancer prevention through gender-neutral HPV vaccination
Authors: Man Irene , Georges Damien , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy , Basu Partha , Baussano Iacopo
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted HPV vaccination programmes worldwide. Using an agent-based model, EpiMetHeos, recently calibrated to Indian data, we illustrate how shifting from a girls-only (GO) to a gender-neutral (GN) vaccination strategy could improve the resilience of cervical cancer prevention against disruption of HPV vaccination. In the base case of 5-year disruption with no coverage, shifting from GO to GN strategy under 60% coverage (before disruption) would increase the resilience, in terms of cervical cancer cases still prevented in the disrupted birth cohorts per 100,000 girls born, by 2.8-fold from 107 to 302 cases, and by 2.2-fold from 209 to 464 cases under 90% coverage. Furthermore, shifting to GN vaccination helped in reaching the World Health Organization (WHO) elimination threshold. Under GO vaccination with 60% coverage, the age-standardised incidence rate of cervical cancer in India in the long term with vaccination decreased from 11.0 to 4.7 cases per 100,000 woman-years (above threshold), as compared to 2.8 cases (below threshold) under GN with 60% coverage and 2.4 cases (below threshold) under GN with 90% coverage. In conclusion, GN HPV vaccination is an effective strategy to improve the resilience to disruption of cancer prevention programmes and to enhance the progress towards cervical cancer elimination.
Orai-mediated calcium entry determines activity of central dopaminergic neurons by regulation of gene expression
Authors: Mitra Rishav , Richhariya Shlesha , Hasan Gaiti
Published: July 2023

Maturation and fine-tuning of neural circuits frequently require neuromodulatory signals that set the excitability threshold, neuronal connectivity, and synaptic strength. Here, we present a mechanistic study of how neuromodulator-stimulated intracellular Ca2+ signals, through the store-operated Ca2+ channel Orai, regulate intrinsic neuronal properties by control of developmental gene expression in flight-promoting central dopaminergic neurons (fpDANs). The fpDANs receive cholinergic inputs for release of dopamine at a central brain tripartite synapse that sustains flight (Sharma and Hasan, 2020). Cholinergic inputs act on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor to stimulate intracellular Ca2+ release through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localised inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor followed by ER-store depletion and Orai-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Analysis of gene expression in fpDANs followed by genetic, cellular, and molecular studies identified Orai-mediated Ca2+ entry as a key regulator of excitability in fpDANs during circuit maturation. SOCE activates the transcription factor trithorax-like (Trl), which in turn drives expression of a set of genes, including Set2, that encodes a histone 3 lysine 36 methyltransferase (H3K36me3). Set2 function establishes a positive feedback loop, essential for receiving neuromodulatory cholinergic inputs and sustaining SOCE. Chromatin-modifying activity of Set2 changes the epigenetic status of fpDANs and drives expression of key ion channel and signalling genes that determine fpDAN activity. Loss of activity reduces the axonal arborisation of fpDANs within the MB lobe and prevents dopamine release required for the maintenance of long flight.
Parental Involvement and Academic Performance of Grade 12 Students
Authors: Quijano Hannah U. , Uy Angelica C. , Franca Glenford C.
Published: July 2023

Due to the widespread impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Philippines has demonstrated innovation by finding ways to adapt and ensure continued education through the involvement of parents in shaping their children's learning experiences. The main objective of the study is to determine the relationship of parental involvement and academic performance of the Grade 12 students in Mariano Peralta National High School. A sample size of two hundred sixteen (216) respondents was from Grade 12 Senior High School Academic Track Students (ABM, HUMMS, STEM, GAS) of Mariano Peralta National High School. The researchers obtained the list of enrolees of students in the school year 2021-2022 and the sample size is computed using Slovene formula. The data was carefully encrypted and verified to obtain a specific outcome. The findings indicated that there was no significant correlation between parental involvement and student performance. The researchers recommend further expanding the scope of the study by including larger samples from both Junior High School and Senior High School levels. This broader range of participants may yield different results and contribute to the existing knowledge on the relationship between parental involvement and student performance.
Dental Fluorosis Management Using Power Bleach – A Magic Wand
Authors: Anuraaga A. Thirumagal , Reddy V. Rajashekar , Chowdhary Nagalakshmi , Shivanna Veena , Kumar K. Mahesh , Sharmila D.
Published: July 2023

Dental fluorosis is a particular condition brought on by long-term, excessive fluoride consumption during the formation of enamel. Fluorosis staining is frequently seen as an aesthetic problem may have psychological effect of when seen on maxillary anterior teeth. Bleaching, microabrasion, veneering, and crowning are some of the treatment options. Bleaching is a conservative approach of restoring the colour of teeth with intrinsic discolouration. Among the various bleaching techniques, In-office or Power bleaching techniques are effective to obtain result immediately. The dentist is in complete control of the process throughout the treatment. It is a fast process and results are evident in single visit. Here we present a case of management of dental fluorosis using Power bleaching technique.
Depth Wise Studies of Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil under Different Land Use System at Eastern U.P, India
Authors: Pandey Prabhat Ranjan , Zaidi S. F. A. , Kumar Suneel , Pathak Devesh , Shukla Gaurav , Pal Raisen
Published: July 2023

The Present Study was undertaken to assess Depth Wise Studies of Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil under Different Land Use System of main campus of university at Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during 2018-2019.

Soil samples were collected under RWCS (Rice-Wheat cropping system), LBCS (Legume based cropping system), and VBCS (Vegetable based cropping System).The land use systems selected for study were Crop land RWCS (Rice-Wheat cropping system), LBCS (Legume based cropping system), and VBCS (Vegetable based cropping System), Plantation land (Mango, Aonla and Bael orchard), Forest land (Shisham, Teak and Eucalyptus) and barren land (NSP-6 farm). Soil samples were taken with GPS system from four depth viz. 0-15cm, 15-30cm, 30-45cm and 45-60cm and analyzed for their physico-chemical properties (soil pH, EC, OC, BD, Available N, P&K). Results revealed that different soil properties varied significantly under different land use system at various soil depths.
Simple Criteria for \(\sqrt[n]{x}\) (n \(\in\) N, n \(\ge\) 2, x \(\in\) R) Being a Rational or an Irrational Number
Authors: Wolfinger Bernd E.
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a strong generalization of Euclid’s famous result related to \(\sqrt{2}\) being an irrational number. In particular, based on the unique prime factorization of integer numbers we obtain very simple criteria which allow us to derive necessary and sufficient conditions for \(\sqrt[n]{x}\) (n \(\in\) N, n \(\ge\) 2, x \(\in\) R) being rational or irrational.
In summary, the results presented cover the complete range of cases of interest, i.e. solutions are elaborated, which – for any real number x – allow one to answer the challenging question: for which values of n, (n \(\in\) N, n \(\ge\) 2 the root \(\sqrt[n]{x}\) is still a rational number?
The Impact of Financial Performance, and Institutional Owner-ship on Tax Avoidance in the Banking Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Mallisa Amalia Indah Pratama , Kusumawardhani Adhityawati
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of financial performance and institutional ownership on tax avoidance in the banking industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2017-2021 period. In addition, to find out whether these factors influence tax avoidance efforts made by the banking industry. This study uses quantitative research methodology, using secondary data sources derived from the annual financial statements of the Indonesia Stock Exchange and Refinitiv. This study uses the purposive sampling method to select 25 banking sector companies from 125. The results showed that tax avoidance efforts were influenced by return on assets and leverage. Company size and institutional ownership do not affect tax avoidance efforts. The limitation of this study is that the insti­tutional ownership variable is quite challenging to obtain because it is limited to the company’s annual report, so it is hoped that further research can expand the scope of the study used.
Young Adults' Investment Decisions in Surabaya: The Influence of Financial Literacy and Risk Perception
Authors: Chandra Pavita Kelviani , Pangkey Laura Brigita , Soetanto Tessa Vanina
Published: July 2023

Important investment decisions allocate an investor's assets in light of further consideration. As youthful investors have dominated the investor population in recent years, investors should be cautious of the elements that influence investment decisions. Despite its significance, few or no studies have examined the influence of financial literacy and risk perception on investment decisions among young adults in Surabaya. This study seeks to determine the impact of financial literacy and perception of risk in investment decision-making, specifically young adults in Surabaya, both simultaneously and individually. By distributing questionnaires to a total of 89 respondents, a basic random sampling method was utilized. Then, IBM SPSS Statistics is used to conduct a multiple Linear regression analysis on the data. The findings demonstrated that financial literacy and risk perception have a significant positive relationship with the investment decisions of young adults in Surabaya, both concurrently and separately. In addition, this research enables young adults in Surabaya to comprehend their investment decision, allowing them to comprehend the factors that influence it and obtain useful benefit.
The Impact of Brand Romance Dimensions on Brand Loyalty: A Study on Uniqlo Indonesia
Authors: Effendi Febe Surya , Luhana Windy Freshia , Proboyo Adelina
Published: July 2023

The significant growth of the fashion industry has made it an appealing sector to explore. This research aims to investigate how brand pleasure, brand arousal, and brand dominance influence brand loyalty in UNIQLO Indonesia. The study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method with 75 respondents. The research data was collected through online questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS software. The findings indicate that brand pleasure, brand arousal, and brand dominance have a positive relationship with brand loyalty. Furthermore, brand pleasure has the most significant impact on brand loyalty, while brand dominance has the least impact among the three dimensions in affecting brand loyalty in the case of UNIQLO Indonesia.
Enzymatic Interesterification of Crude Palm Oil with Methyl acetate: Effect of Pre-treatment, Enzyme’s Dosage and Stability
Authors: Zainal Muhammad Zarin Amin , Veny Harumi , Hamzah Fazlena , Muhd Rodhi Miradatul Najwa , Kumoro Andri Cahyo , Kusumaningtyas Ratna Dewi , Prasetiawan Haniif , Hartanto Dhoni
Published: July 2023

In the present study, biodiesel was produced via the enzymatic interesterification of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and methyl acetate within ultrasonic condition. In contrast to alcohol, methyl acetate as an acyl acceptor does not inhibit lipase activity and can create triacetin as a useful byproduct.  In this work, Immobilized lipase from Candida Antartica A (CaLA) was utilized as biocatalyst and the effect of using non-pretreated CPO and pre-treated CPO as feedstock were explored. The pre-treatment of CPO involves degumming with acid, washing with water, and bleaching. The enzymatic interesterification was conducted in three-neck flasks using an ultrasonic water bath at 45o C.  Few parameter effects on biodiesel production were also investigated, including the effect of molar ratio of CPO to methyl acetate, the effect amount of lipase, and the reusability of immobilized lipase (CaLA) in the interesterification reaction.  The highest average Biodiesel yield of 80.6% was obtained from pretreated CPO at a molar ratio of 1:9 with 100 mg (1% w/v) of Immobilized CaLA, after three hours of reaction. Further research on the reusability of immobilized CaLA revealed that the yield of biodiesel reduced significantly after the second run. The results of the present study also demonstrated that Immobilized CaLA performed well at low concentrations but had low stability, with productivity decreasing to 92% upon reuse after the initial run. In order to make Immobilized lipase economically viable, further research must be conducted to overcome its low stability in the reaction.
Unusual Tachycardia After Cocaine Use
Authors: Kawji Mazen M.
Published: July 2023

This case report presents the electrocardiogram findings of a patient in their 20s with severe midsternal chest pain of several hours’ duration after cocaine use.
The Deep Work of Doctoring—Prioritizing Relationships in Medicine
Authors: Toll Elizabeth T. , Sinsky Christine A.
Published: July 2023

This essay discusses how the deep work of doctoring leveraged with technology can bring us close to the quadruple aim of better care, better health, lower cost, and fulfilling work.
The Thinker—A Work by Rodin With a Message for Clinicians
Authors: Taran Shaurya
Published: July 2023

This essay describes the author’s experience of viewing The Thinker in Paris and being reminded that clinicians too need to stop and think.
Association of Early-, Middle-, and Late-Life Depression With Incident Dementia in a Danish Cohort
Authors: Elser Holly , Horváth-Puhó Erzsébet , Gradus Jaimie L. , Smith Meghan L. , Lash Timothy L. , Glymour M. Maria , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Henderson Victor W.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Late-life depressive symptoms are associated with subsequent dementia diagnosis and may be an early symptom or response to preclinical disease. Evaluating associations with early- and middle-life depression will help clarify whether depression influences dementia risk.

Objective

To examine associations of early-, middle-, and late-life depression with incident dementia.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a nationwide, population-based, cohort study conducted from April 2020 to March 2023. Participants included Danish citizens from the general population with depression diagnoses who were matched by sex and birth year to individuals with no depression diagnosis. Participants were followed up from 1977 to 2018. Excluded from analyses were individuals followed for less than 1 year, those younger than 18 years, or those with baseline dementia.

Exposure

Depression was defined using diagnostic codes from the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) within the Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR) and Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register (DPCRR).

Main Outcomes and Measure

Incident dementia was defined using ICD diagnostic codes within the DPCRR and DNPR. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine associations between depression and dementia adjusting for education, income, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, anxiety disorders, stress disorders, substance use disorders, and bipolar disorder. Analyses were stratified by age at depression diagnosis, years since index date, and sex.

Results

There were 246 499 individuals (median [IQR] age, 50.8 [34.7-70.7] years; 159 421 women [64.7%]) with diagnosed depression and 1 190 302 individuals (median [IQR] age, 50.4 [34.6-70.0] years; 768 876 women [64.6%]) without depression. Approximately two-thirds of those diagnosed with depression were diagnosed before the age of 60 years (684 974 [67.7%]). The hazard of dementia among those diagnosed with depression was 2.41 times that of the comparison cohort (95% CI, 2.35-2.47). This association persisted when the time elapsed from the index date was longer than 20 to 39 years (hazard ratio [HR], 1.79; 95% CI, 1.58-2.04) and among those diagnosed with depression in early, middle, or late life (18-44 years: HR, 3.08; 95% CI, 2.64-3.58; 45-59 years: HR, 2.95; 95% CI, 2.75-3.17; ≥60 years: HR, 2.31; 95% CI, 2.25-2.38). The overall HR was greater for men (HR, 2.98; 95% CI, 2.84-3.12) than for women (HR, 2.21; 95% CI, 2.15-2.27).

Conclusions and Relevance

Results suggest that the risk of dementia was more than doubled for both men and women with diagnosed depression. The persistent association between dementia and depression diagnosed in early and middle life suggests that depression may increase dementia risk.
Single‐Nanoparticle‐Based Nanomachining for Fabrication of a Uniform Nanochannel Sensor
Authors: Miao Longfei , Huang Bintong , Fang Hui , Chai Jia , Liu Ze , Zhai Yueming
Published: July 2023

The structure of nanomaterials and nanodevices determines their functionality and applications. A single uniform nanochannel with a high aspect ratio is an attractive structure due to its unique rigid structures, easy preparation, and diverse pore structures and it holds significant promising importance in fields such as nanopore sensing and nanomanufacturing. Although the metal‐nanoparticle‐assistant silicon etching technique can produce uniform nanochannels, however, the fabrication of single through nanochannels remains a challenge thus far. A simple and versatile strategy is developed that allows for the retention of individual gold nanoparticle on a substrate, enabling single‐nanoparticle nanomachining. This method involves three steps: the formation of a carbon protective layer on individual nanoparticles via electron‐beam irradiation, selective removal of unprotected nanoparticles using a corrosive agent, and subsequent elimination of the carbon layer. This enables the fabrication of a single submillimeter‐long uniform through nanochannel in the silicon wafer, which can be employed for nanopore sensing and shape‐based nanoparticle distinguishing. The developed method can also facilitate single‐nanoparticle studies and nanomachining for a broad application in materials science, electronics, micro/nano‐optics, and catalysis.
Laser‐Induced Graphene Electrodes for Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs)
Authors: Nazeri Mohammad , Ghalamboran Milad , Grau Gerd
Published: July 2023

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have drawn significant interest because of their low cost, biocompatibility, and ease of fabrication, allowing them to be utilized in various applications including flexible displays, electrochemical sensing, and biosensing. Key components of OECTs are the gate, source, and drain electrodes. Herein, OECTs with laser‐induced graphene (LIG) electrodes are demonstrated. The electrode patterns for the source, drain, and gate are created by converting the polymer substrate polyimide (PI) into LIG using a scanned laser. The process is simple and inexpensive without complicated chemical synthesis routines or expensive materials such as gold. Patterns can be customized quickly and digitally. The low‐cost and porous LIG electrodes with low contact resistance and good electrical stability play an essential role in device performance. The minimum sheet resistance achieved with this laser method for the square patterned electrodes is 7.86 Ω sq−1. The LIG‐based OECTs demonstrate good electrical modulation with ON–OFF ratio of 72.80 and high ON current on the order of mA. The LIG‐based OECTs exhibit comparable or better performance in comparison with other reports of OECTs on plastic substrates using more complex fabrication methods in terms of OFF current, ON current, transconductance (gm), and contact resistance.
Electrospun Multifunctional Radiation Shielding Nanofibrous Membrane for Daily Human Protection
Authors: Chen Pinhong , Wang Liqin , Liao Minjian , Liu Zibo , Zhao Hui , Zheng Wenxu , Ko Frank , Zhao Jingxin , Qi Haisong , Zhou Wuyi
Published: July 2023

With the widespread utilization of many radiation instruments, people are inadvertently suffering from radiation damage. But nowadays, there is still a lack of a lightweight, comfortable, and efficient wearable radiation‐proof multifunctional composite fibrous membranes in people's lives. To solve this problem, a green and efficient radiation‐resistant nanofibrous membrane consisting of cellulose fluorescent particles (CFP), ZnO‐Bi2O3 nanoparticles, and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution is prepared by an electrospinning technology. The microscopic characterization shows that the nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of the nanofibrous membrane, forming a dense fibrous structure. The PAN/CFP/ZnO‐Bi2O3 nanofibrous membrane exhibits not only an excellent ultraviolet(UV) interception with an ultraviolet protection factor value of 337.99 ± 83.67, but also a strong shielding effect on low‐energy X‐rays. Simultaneously, it can not only photocatalytically degrade 88.17% of methylene blue solution within 150 min, but also remove 94.16 ± 0.96% of Escherichia coli and 99.07 ± 0.59% of Staphylococcus aureus within 3 h under dark incubation and kill all bacteria within 3 h under light. The adhesion, growth, and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the PAN/CFP/ZnO‐Bi2O3 nanofibrous membranes confirm its low cytotoxicity and good biosafety. Thus, it could be expected to be used in daily life products such as UV and X‐rays radiation protective clothing.
Mitigation of the Moiré Effect in Overlapped Optical Films by Lateral Buckling of Sharp Edges of Prism Arrays
Authors: Lee Yonghyeon , Heo Seong Gil , Jo Min‐Gi , Lee Chaerim , Enkhtaivan Enkhmandakh , Lee Hyemin , Yoon Hyunsik
Published: July 2023

The moiré effect arises from the superposition of periodic structures with differences in periods or angles. Although the moiré effect can be exploited as an intriguing tool to fabricate complex metastructures, reduction of the moiré effect can be an important issue in display technology that uses many optical films with periodic patterns. Because of the superposition, dark and bright regions can be seen by the naked eye, which is a reason for the degradation of the visual quality. In this work, the lateral deformation of shape edges of prism films is harnessed to reduce the moiré effect. After the preparation of a microprism array with hydrogel materials, the hydrogel microprism array is swelled via penetration of water molecules into the hydrogel networks. Due to the compressive stress applied by volume expansion with confinement, only the sharp edges laterally buckle randomly. The swollen hydrogel prism array is replicated by photopolymerization, and prism arrays with laterally buckled edges are obtained. The randomized edges help reduce the moiré effect of the optical film when the prism array is overlapped with other periodic devices, such as other prism arrays or display devices consisting of microscale pixels, without a significant decrease in the optical performance.
Professional versus personal authenticity in the workplace
Authors: Freebairn‐Smith Laura
Published: July 2023

In this month's column, I am writing about authenticity, a concept that has gained traction in recent years as people work to fully express who they are and what their values are. I think of authenticity as a spectrum, ranging from an almost‐prisoner‐like constrained existence to a free‐love anything‐goes existence. In relation to the workplace, I have concerns about the extremes of this spectrum.
Cost‐ and performance‐aware resource selection for parallel software on heterogeneous cloud
Authors: Bystrov Oleg , Pacevič Ruslan , Kačeniauskas Arnas
Published: July 2023

Cloud providers offer flexible infrastructures and on‐demand services, including the capability to deploy low cost virtual resources of many different types. However, the diversity of cloud resources followed by the important trade‐off between cost and performance makes the resource selection a challenging task for users in the case of parallel communication‐intensive software. The paper presents cost‐ and performance‐aware resource selection for parallel discrete element method (DEM) software as a service (SaaS) on heterogeneous OpenStack cloud. The developed resource selection uses preliminary application‐specific benchmarks of size smaller than targeted problems and the performance prediction based on speedup of parallel computations to obtain Pareto optimal solutions and to select the best configuration of containers from user's perspective. Hybrid parallelization of DEM software is developed by using OpenCL for shared‐memory multi‐core architectures and MPI for internode communications on distributed‐memory computer clusters. Round up and proportional pricing schemes are examined and compared from a user's perspective. Lower cost of computations obtained by using the proportional pricing scheme is always preferable for users. However, the difference approaches 1.0% of the cost calculated by using proportional pricing scheme, when long lasting computations are performed. The prediction tends to underestimate the execution time of DEM SaaS, but its accuracy is sufficient to obtain the same Pareto optimal solutions by using measured and predicted execution times. Pareto front and linear scalarization propose to select configurations of containers capable of exploiting higher memory bandwidth, which is specific to memory bandwidth bound DEM computations.
A novel machine learning‐based classification approach to prevent flow table overflow attack in Software‐Defined Networking
Authors: V Karthikeyan , K Murugan
Published: July 2023

Software‐defined networking (SDN) is an emerging networking architecture where the network control is physically separated from the forwarding plane. It is dynamic, manageable, cost‐effective, and flexible, which is ideal for today's high‐bandwidth applications. The flow table is the fundamental data structure residing in ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) that provides flow rules for incoming flows. The TCAM is the costliest part of an SDN switch that can store limited flow rules. Hence, it is susceptible to distributed denial of service (DDoS) and more specifically to Transformed DDoS (TDDoS). It targets the flow tables, exhausting its limited resource, and resulting in flow table overflow. During overflow, the controller is incapable of installing new rules to the switch, and the switch function is disabled from the network. In this paper, a novel framework named machine learning‐based overflow prevention (MLOP) was proposed which includes a victim switch was identified using association rule mining algorithm concepts. Then, the fuzzy C‐means (FCM) was applied to classify the attack in the victim switch. In addition, FCM ensemble with an optimizing method called dynamic time warping (DTW) which detects similar patterns in the time window during classification. Finally, an elbow method is used that determines the cluster count for optimizing clusters which increases the attack detection and also increases the holding time with reduced packet loss. The real‐time network traffic datasets were used for simulations, and the results were compared with other state‐of‐the‐art approaches. The experimental results show that MLOP increases the holding time by 15% on average and reduces the packet loss due to flow table Overflow by 22.81% than the other existing approaches. In addition, the throughput is increased in the proposed MLOP from 10% to 40%, and end‐to‐end delay is reduced between the variations of 10% to 70%.
Photoinduced Biomimetic Room‐Temperature C−O Bond Cleavage over Mn Doped CdS
Authors: Zou Wenjing , Zhou Hongru , Wang Min
Published: July 2023

Selective C−O bond cleavage is an efficient way for the biomass valorization to value‐added chemicals, but is challenged to be operated at room temperature via conventional thermal catalysis. Herein, inspired from the DNA biosynthesis which involves a radical‐mediated spin‐center shift (SCS) C−O bond cleavage process, we report a biomimetic room‐temperature C−O bond cleavage of vicinal diol (HOCHCH‐OH). We construct a Mn doped CdS (Mn/CdS) as a photocatalyst to mimic the biologic SCS process. The Mn site plays pivotal role: (1) accelerates the photo‐induced carrier separation, promoting the hole‐mediated C−H bond cleavage to generate carbon‐centered radicals, and (2) serves as the binding site for −OH groups, making it to be an easier leaving group. Mn/CdS achieves 0.28 mmol gcat−1 h−1 of hydroxyacetone (HA) from glycerol dehydration at room temperature under visible light irradiation, which is 3.5‐fold that over pristine CdS and 40‐fold that over bulk MnS/CdS. This study provides a new biomimetic room‐temperature C−O bond cleavage process, which is promising for the biomass valorization.
Applying intro to psych lessons to university administration
Authors: Schwebel David C. , McFarland Carl E.
Published: July 2023

The American Psychological Association estimates more than one million students take Introductory Psychology annually. Psych 101 syllabi expose students to dozens of lessons spanning the broad field of psychology.
Tuning the Lewis Acidity of Neutral Silanes Using Perfluorinated Aryl‐ and Alkoxy Substituents
Authors: Tschernuth Florian S. , Bichlmaier Lukas , Stigler Sebastian , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: July 2023

The emerging field of Lewis acidic silanes demonstrates the versability of molecular silicon compounds for catalytic applications. Nevertheless, when compared to the multifunctional boron Lewis acid B(C6F5)3, silicon derivatives still lack in terms of reactivity. In this regard, we demonstrate the installation of perfluorotolyl groups (TolF) on neutral silicon atoms to obtain the respective tetra‐ and trisubstituted silanes Si(TolF)4 and HSi(TolF)3. These compounds were fully characterized including SC‐XRD analysis but unexpectedly showed no significant Lewis acidity. By using strongly electron‐withdrawing perfluorocresolato groups (OTolF) the tetrasubstituted silane Si(OTolF)4 was obtained, bearing an 8 % increased Δδ(31P) shift when applying the Gutmann‐Beckett method, compared to literature‐known Si(OPhF)4. Ultimately the heteroleptic Si(PhF)2pinF was successfully synthesized and fully characterized including SC‐XRD analysis, introducing a highly Lewis acidic silicon atom holding two silicon‐carbon bonds.
Electrochemical investigation of the corrosion susceptibility of hybrid reinforced Al6063 with SiC and PKSA in 1.0 M sulfuric acid environment
Authors: Ikubanni Peter Pelumi , Oki Makanjuola , Adeleke Adekunle Akanni , Onaolapo Akintunde Sunday , Paramasivam Prabhu
Published: July 2023

The recycling of agro‐waste as complementary reinforcements has received significant recognition in the development of aluminium matrix composites. Hence, this study examines the corrosion behavior of Al6063 reinforced with hybrid SiC/PKSA (palm kernel shell ash) particles. Through various ratios of SiC and PKSA particles in Al6063 alloy, composites were fabricated by double stir casting. Samples were cut and metallographically prepared for 1 M H2SO4 solution corrosion experiments. Gravimetric, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analyses were employed. The composites corroded initially at relatively high rates, gradually declining during long immersion times in the acidic solution. The intersection of reinforcements at the general surfaces of the composites where flawed oxide skins predominate acted as active sites for corrosion initiation. From potentiodynamic polarization studies, the corrosion currents increased with time for all specimens, with A9 being 1075.65 μA/cm2 at 72 h as against 857.99 μA/cm2 at 24 h of measurement. The corrosion potentials for all the specimens hovered around −654.00 to −647.22 mV. Bode plots revealed similar electrochemical reactions over all the substrates' surfaces. The relative corrosion resistance by the specimen depends on the oxide films' nature as the cathodic interfacial reinforcements dropped off into the acidic environment.
Triad3A involved in the regulation of endotoxin tolerance and mycobactericidal activity through the NFκB‐nitric oxide pathway
Authors: Qin Yongwei , Chen Jinliang , Xu Kuang , Lu Yang , Xu Feifan , Shi Jiahai
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Sepsis is characterized by an endotoxin tolerance phenotype that occurs in the stage of infection. Persistent bacterial infection can lead to immune cell exhaustion. Triad3A, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, negatively regulates its activation by TLR4. However, the effect of Triad3A on endotoxin tolerance and bactericidal ability in the state of endotoxin tolerance remains unclear.

Methods

Using single dose LPS and repeated LPS stimulated macrophage cell lines at indicated times, we investigated miR‐191, Tirad3A, TRAF3, TLR4, p‐P65, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and iNOS expression, the effect of miR‐191 on Triad3A and TRAF3, gene loss‐of‐function analyses, the effect of Triad3A on TLR4, p‐P65, cytokine, and mycobactericidal activity in endotoxin tolerant cells infected with Mycobacterium marinum.

Results

Here we found that Triad3A is involved in regulating endotoxin tolerance. Our result also displayed that miR‐191 expression is downregulated in macrophages in the state of endotoxin tolerance. miR‐191 can directly bind to Triad3A and TRAF3. Additionally, knockdown of Triad3A can reverse the effect of decreasing TNF‐α and IL‐1β in endotoxin tolerant macrophages. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the TLR4‐NF‐κB‐NO pathway was associated with Triad3A and responsible for the killing of intracellular mycobacteria in a tuberculosis sepsis model.

Conclusions

These results provide new insight into the mechanisms of Triad3A induced tolerogenic phenotype in macrophages, which can help the better comprehension of the pathogenesis involved in septic shock with infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and suggest that Triad3A may be a potential drug target for the treatment of severe septic tuberculosis.
Direct Electrooxidative Selenylamination of Alkynes: Access to 3‐Selenylindoles
Authors: Hasimujiang Balati , Zeng Yong , Zou Shifeng , Zhong Kaihui , Su Lebin , Hu Xinwei , Ruan Zhixiong
Published: July 2023

A novel metal‐ and oxidant‐free electrooxidative selenylamination of o‐aminophenacetylenes with diselenides for achieving 3‐selenylindoles has been developed with moderate to excellent yield. The reaction proceeded smoothly with a broad substrate scope and highly functional group tolerance. The synthetic practicality of this innovative approach was demonstrated by its easy scalability. Moreover, mechanistic studies revealed that an in‐situ generated selenium cation might be the key intermediate for the electrochemical selenocyclization process.
Rapeseed bee pollen alleviates chronic non‐bacterial prostatitis via regulating gut microbiota
Authors: Qiao Jiangtao , Xiao Xingying , Wang Kai , Haubruge Eric , Dong Jie , Zhang Hongcheng
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Rapeseed bee pollen has been recognized as a critical treatment for chronic non‐bacterial prostatitis (CNP) and it also can modulate gut microbiota and improve gut health. This study aimed to explore the anti‐prostatitis effects of rapeseed bee pollen with or without wall‐disruption, and to investigate the connection between this treatment and gut microbiota.

RESULTS

The results reveal that rapeseed bee pollen can effectively alleviate chronic non‐bacteria prostatitis by selectively regulating gut microbiota, with higher doses and wall‐disrupted pollen showing greater efficacy. Treatment with a high dose of wall‐disrupted rapeseed bee pollen (WDH, 1.26 g kg−1 body weight) reduced prostate wet weight and prostate index by approximately 32% and 36%, respectively, nearly the levels observed in the control group. Wall‐disrupted rapeseed bee pollen treatment also reduced significantly (p < 0.05) the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α), as confirmed by immunofluorescence with laser scanning confocal microscope. Our results show that rapeseed bee pollen can inhibit pathogenic bacteria and enhance probiotics, particularly in the Firmicutes‐to‐Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and the abundance of Prevotella (genus).

CONCLUSION

This is the first study to investigate the alleviation of CNP with rapeseed bee pollen through gut microbiota. These results seem to provide better understanding for the development of rapeseed bee pollen as a complementary medicine. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Know your rights before you discuss your religious beliefs at work
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: July 2023

BOSTON — Although some higher education administrators and faculty members have the desire to express their religious/spiritual beliefs in the workplace, they tend to hesitate to do so because they fear being pigeonholed, thwarted, or becoming a source of controversy, and they often misunderstand their legal rights in this area. That's according to Christy Moran Craft, Ph.D., Professor and Department Chair at Kansas State University, who gave a presentation at the annual conference for NASPA — Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education.
Toward sustainable agriculture: The impact of interest‐free credit on marketing decisions and technological progress in Pakistan
Authors: Sher Ali , Mazhar Saman , Qiu Yuzhuo
Published: July 2023

Farm credit plays an essential role in fostering agricultural productivity. In smallholder agriculture, it aims to provide financial cushion and improve market outcomes leading to improved resource distribution, thus maximizing social and economic returns. In Pakistan, about 90% of farmers are smallholders with the least access to formal financial services. This study explores the impact of sustainable finance—interest‐free credit (IFC)—on smallholders' marketing decisions, producer prices, and technological progress. It explains how liquidity constraints affect itinerant market (primary and secondary) participation and how smallholders get trapped in classical credit bondage with village‐level moneylender‐cum‐traders and do not take advantage of temporal and spatial arbitrage. We use cross‐sectional data from 637 farm households in Punjab‐Pakistan. The results show that interest‐free credit provision and village‐level credit density improve smallholders' level of current and future market participation and increase the producer prices for rice and wheat. The results indicate that sustainable finance improves the vertical linkages between smallholder producers and markets, increasing sustainable supply response and farmers' income. Further, the results show that IFC provision improves technological progress by enhancing the uptake of modern crop varieties, improving cultural operations, and promoting sustainable crop residue management. The findings advocate the interplay between sustainable finance, smallholders' market integration and income earning and provide coherent insights for policymaking. The study suggests mechanisms to improve broader coverage of sustainable finance for breaking the semi‐subsistence‐oriented farming systems, improving technological progress and realizing sustainable development goals, like rural poverty reduction and improved food production and distribution in developing countries.