bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WO ES WAR, SOLL ICH WERDEN. Translating the Unspeakable: The Moral and Civilizational Hecatomb of the Holocaust and Ethnic Genocide in Rwanda. No Stories Are Harder to Tell in All of Human History
Authors: Kaufmann Roberta Fragoso Menezes
Published: January 2023

Through this article, we intend to clarify the reasons that led European civilization to the implementation of the Holocaust, as well as to analyze how the rupture of national unity in Rwanda took place. With regard to the Holocaust, it is proposed to give meaning to the inconceivable ingenious and bureaucratic methodology that was implemented as a form of extermination, precisely at a time when the supposed height of civilization and reason was being celebrated (ADORNO, HORCKEIMER, 1985). It departs from a paradigm peculiar to that of traditional historiography, in the sense of understanding that it was not sadists, psychopaths or perverts who practiced such barbarities, although among these there may have been some, but, in the vast majority, the evil was exercised by common and ordinary human beings who acted in this way in respect of the belief related to the moral duty of the categorical imperative (KANT, 1785), loyalty to the superior and submission to the State. The man who obeys, who does not question, who loses individuality, spontaneity and who is not psychologically aware of himself, but involved in the psychology of the masses, in short, this “man of duty”, or “drawer killer” ( ARENDT, 2013) became the epicenter of monstrosity, which needs to be analyzed so that it is not reproduced by future generations. In turn, research on ethnic genocide in Rwanda intends to demonstrate how the disastrous state action produced immeasurable tragedy, even though it was coated with good intentions.
Practices Integratives at Health: Auriculotherapy
Authors: Jardim Ana Gabriely Gonçalves , Santana Bruno Pereira , Santos Karolayne Gomes Dos , Martins Matheus Da silva , Couto Michael Douglas Araujo Nunes , Silva Naiane De Araujo , Santos Patricia Teixeira Dos , Harbor Poliana Garden , Silva Raquel De Souza Da , Silva Wender of the Saints
Published: January 2023

integrative health brings together conventional and complementary approaches in The coordinated manner. Integrative health also emphasizes multimodal interventions, which are two or more interventions such as conventional health approaches (such as medication, physical rehabilitation, psychotherapy), and complementary health approaches (such at acupuncture, yoga, and probiotics) in various combinations, with an emphasis on treating the whole person rather than, for example, an organ system. Integrative health aims for well- coordinated care among different providers and institutions, bringing together conventional and complementary approaches I'm the care of the whole person. The objective of this paper is to research and reflect upon such practices, with emphasis on Auriculotherapy, which will be reflected upon and discussed during the bibliographic research.
Endocrown in Digital: Literature Review
Authors: Neves Emilli L , Almeida Gustavo M de , Júnior Jenival C de Almeida
Published: January 2023

Currently, with the incessant search for esthetics, new technologies and tissue-conserving materials have emerged, promoting the evolution of adhesive restorations for posterior teeth. Endocrown is a technique created to restore endodontically treated teeth, in which the pulp chamber space is included in the preparation, excluding the need for an intraradicular pin. Prosthetic rehabilitations are more predictable, performed in fewer clinical steps, providing esthetics and longevity through the CAD CAM system. This paper presents a literature review on endocrown restorations in digital dentistry, elucidating concepts, advantages, disadvantages and raising questions about their longevity and adaptation. Articles from PubMed/MedLine, Scholar Google and Google academic from the last 15 years were used, searching for keywords below. It is concluded that the endocrown restorative technique under indication and assiduous evaluation of the clinical case can achieve greater predictability and success, becoming an advantageous alternative, with treatment longevity in the recovery of molar teeth that undergo endodontic interventions, in an aesthetic way and functional.
Influencia supranacional en la institucionalidad de concesiones viales en Chile y Colombia
Authors: Rubiños Cea Simón Ignacio
Published: January 2023

Dentro del modelo neoliberal de desarrollo, Chile y Colombia permitieron la explotación comercial privada de bienes y servicios ante- riormente públicos mediante privatizaciones y/o concesiones. En este contexto, la institucionalidad, el suministro y la gestión de infraestructura vial se modificaron, y dieron paso a las concesiones viales en ambos países. Mediante el análisis histórico comparativo,se reconstruye la trayectoria histórica de la institucionalidad de concesiones viales de Chile y Colombia como path dependence, con el fin de identificar la influencia de algunas organizaciones supranacionales, comparando ambos casos para señalar similitudes y diferencias. Se observan en Colombia más operaciones y montos, así como programas de tutela, lo que permite señalar que a pesar de compartir características como el desarrollo de institucionalidad específica y el financiamiento multilateral, los path dependence difieren producto de la mayor intensidad de la influencia de organizaciones supranacionales en Colombia. Lo anterior se plantea como un enfoque alternativo para el estudio de políticas públicas y como contribución a la discusión sectorial.
Semilleros de investigación como escenarios de configuración de subjetividades políticas
Authors: Rivera Sotto Leydy Johanna , Echavarría Grajales Carlos Valerio
Published: January 2023

Este artículo se planteó como objetivo principal comprender los procesos de configuración de subjetividades políticas, durante la formación inicial en investigación en dos semilleros. La propuesta investigativa surgió de la necesidad de indagar acerca de estos escenarios formativos como posibilitadores de acciones y reflexiones que podrían dar cuenta de acercamientos en la configuración de sujetos políticos. Además de los aportes a la práctica pedagógica, los semilleros son espacios para reflexionar sobre la ciencia, la investigación y el conocimiento. La etnografía como estrategia metodológica permitió el acercamiento y la inmersión en estos contextos para conocer, desde la misma práctica y de manera colaborativa, los sustentos prácticos e intenciones formativas que los fundamentan. Los resultados principales apuntaron a resaltar al semillero como un escenario académico que posibilita los vínculos afectivos y la reflexión sobre la necesidad de plantear el compromiso de una ciencia políticamente comprometida con lo social.
Repolitizar lo carcelario desde el género. Una aproximación a sus “desvíos” y horizontes sexuales de posibilidad
Authors: Actis María Florencia
Published: January 2023

Este artículo analiza la cárcel como escenario poroso y performativo desde tres experiencias articuladas: 1) vínculos de amor/amistad entre presas, 2) “familias tumberas” y 3) masculinidades alternativas. Se desplegó una metodología cualitativa y participativa de investigación que conjugó entrevistas semiestructuradas y el desarrollo de un espacio de cine-debate en la Unidad Penitenciaria femenina No 8 de La Plata, Argentina. Los resultados exponen la dimensión productiva del régimen carcelario sobre la sexualidad y los múltiples modos en que interpela al cuerpo, entre ellos las exploraciones, desarreglos y posibilidades críticas frente a la heteronorma. Sin embargo, también revelan al ejercicio de la sexualidad y la construcción de “afectividades” como formas de atravesar el encierro. Este trabajo constituye un aporte a los estudios carcelarios al ahondar en una variable poco explorada de las relaciones de poder al interior de las prisiones y a los estudios feministas en tanto permite reconocer las derivas del género y tensiones otras (respecto del afuera) que se desandan en un espacio donde la relación norma sexual-disidencia asume una nueva dialéctica, significados y alcances.
Justicia desde la minoría: votos particulares y concurrentes en materia electoral
Authors: González Briones Karla Victoria
Published: January 2023

Rodríguez Mondragón, Reyes; Cárdenas González de Cosío, Ana y José Reynoso Núñez (coords.) (2021) Justicia desde la minoría: votos particulares y concurrentes en materia electoral. Ciudad de México: Tirant lo Blanch
El largo y escabroso camino hacia la igualdad plena de mujeres y hombres
Authors: Hernández-Vela Salgado Edmundo
Published: January 2023

En el presente artículo se analizan los aspectos más sobresalientes de la ruta de los esfuerzos desplegados por los sectores sociales, políticos, jurídicos y organizacionales más concernidos con el tema de la igualdad, teniendo como pivote a la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Se enumeran los hitos más significativos logrados en los últimos y los obstáculos y dificultades que han impedido hasta ahora que se reconozcan y respeten la condición y los derechos y prerrogativas que corresponden a la mujer, independientemente de su origen, raza, color, edad, cultura, lengua, grupo, clase social o cualquier otro aspecto, característica o situación. Se destacan los principales compromisos y obligaciones contraídos reiteradamente por los gobiernos y la sociedad civil, organizada o no, cuyo cumplimiento sigue siendo frustrante y decepcionante. Se enfatiza que es menester que la sociedad civil y la propia mujer afirmen y amplíen la toma de conciencia de la legitimidad, legalidad, moralidad y necesidad de la búsqueda de medios, medidas y acciones más inteligentes y eficaces hacia la consecución del objetivo primordial de su causa: la igualdad plena con el hombre. Por último, se destaca el papel fundamental del gobierno para garantizar el mejor y más pronto posible logro de las metas propuestas.
Evolución de la relación comercial de México con Estados Unidos y China, 1993-2020
Authors: Liu Xuedong , Covarrubias Gerardo
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la evolución de la relación comercial trilateral entre México, Estados Unidos y China, y sus principales características, desde 1993 hasta 2020, por medio de la aplicación de modelos de vectores autorregresivos (VAR) en distintos momentos. En concreto, los vínculos comerciales entre estas economías se han transformado desde una primera fase de poca significancia hacia una segunda con interrelaciones profundas a partir de 2001, y finalmente hasta llegar a una etapa actual de consolidación, a pesar de los entornos actuales cada vez más complejos.
Impactos económicos potenciales del cambio climático en la ganadería: caso de México
Authors: Basurto Hernández Saul , Galindo Paliza Luis Miguel , Ríos Mohar Julia
Published: January 2023

El objetivo del presente artículo es identificar los impactos del cambio climático en la ganadería en México. Se utiliza información correspondiente a 28 337 unidades de producción ganadera para estimar un modelo Ricardiano y simular los impactos del cambio climático en los ingresos netos por cabeza. Los principales resultados sugieren que el cambio climático podría reducir los ingresos netos entre -13.42 y -16.87% en 2041-2060 y entre -14.42 y -33.83% en 2081-2100. Además, los productores pequeños y con menor diversificación parecen ser los más vulnerables al cambio climático.
Traffic Sign Identification Using Modified LeNet-5 CNN
Authors: Somavarapu Nataraja Chandra Shekhar , Bomma S Shreekar Goud , Kaluvala Neha Reddy , Puchakayala Sriharsha Vardhan
Published: January 2023

Abstract: In 21st century, it is obvious that automobiles have become the standard mode of transportation. With the spread of their usage, road traffic becomes more intricate; hence road safety must be promising enough avoiding accidents. Drivers may sometimes overlook the sign boards along the roads which might lead to undesirable casualties. This could be helped by a system that could assist the driver in keeping an eye on the traffic sign boards on the way. It can be achieved using CNN i.e. Convolutional Neural Networks. CNNs are preferred when the applications are concerned with computer vision or image recognition. A deep learning CNN model is built in the LeNet-5 architecture with some modifications and is trained with traffic signs images from GTSRB dataset which stands for German traffic sign recognition benchmark with the help of OpenCV, Tensorflow, Keras and other libraries. The trained model is tested with test data and is observed to be recognizing any of the traffic signs which were already learnt by the network. Vehicle cameras come handy to capture the real-time sign boards. Implementation of this supervised learning model in real-time would aid road safety through vehicle control.
Analysis Of Geometric Parameters For Increased Design Speed Of Highway-A Case Study On NH-27
Authors: Nalla Pavan , Dhobale Shashikant
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Roadway geometry design involves such as creating the road alignment and plotting the alignment profile using coordinates, stations, and elevations of points along the selected route, and designing the horizontal alignment, vertical alignment and superelevation. This study deals with the minimum standards for geometry that needs to be followed to achieve the minimum design speed of 140 Kmph. The various important factors related to Geometry of road are: - Horizontal Radius on Curves, Sight Distance on Horizontal and Vertical alignment, Superelevation, Vertical Curve length or radius, Maximum Gradient. The available Indian manuals and standards related to the Geometric design for highways is limited to the design speed of 120 Kmph. The author thinks about the setting of the base standards for the Geometric design of Highways for high-speed corridors.
An environmental problem in the making: how media logic molds scientific uncertainty in the production of news about artificial turf in Sweden
Authors: Abalo Ernesto , Olausson Ulrika
Published: January 2023

This study aims to contribute knowledge about how an environmental issue is discursively forged notwithstanding the prevalence of significant scientific uncertainty. This is done by studying the production of news about artificial turf as a microplastic pollutant in Sweden. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 journalists and editors, public officials, politicians, industry representatives and experts, all involved in the issue of artificial turf. The study shows how media logic, among other factors, informs the interpretations of the uncertainties surrounding artificial turf as an environmental problem and concludes that the power of media logic needs to be considered also in the construction of other scientifically charged issues.
Formación Ciudadana en Carreras de Pedagogía: Estudio de Caso en una Institución de Educación Superior del sur de Chile
Authors: Torres Valderrama Sebastian , Aparicio Molina Carolina
Published: January 2023

Las investigaciones en Formación Inicial Docente son diversas por la amplitud aspectos que abarca. En este sentido, el presente artículo busca analizar las percepciones y características sobre las Actividades Curriculares relacionadas con Formación Ciudadana, por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas, en tres carreras de pedagogía de una universidad de la Región del Biobío. De acuerdo con el propósito, se utilizó un enfoque Cualitativo con método de Estudio de Caso Múltiple, en la investigación participaron estudiantes y docentes de las carreras seleccionadas. Los resultados demuestran que, las Actividades Curriculares se caracterizan por ser teórico-práctico, lo permite que el futuro profesorado pueda acercarse a su trabajo en aula. En relación con las estrategias implementadas, queda en evidencia que se orientan hacia metodologías activas; para desarrollar diversos conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes. Se puede concluir, que es necesario destinar mayor cantidad de tiempo a estas Actividades Curriculares para profundizar en contenidos y didácticas de la Formación Ciudadana.
Family attitudes of university students in terms of extremism risks
Authors: Puzanova Zh. V. , Filippov V. M. , Larina T. I. , Simonova M. A.
Published: January 2023

Youth extremism continues to be relevant considering the fluid and changeable character of the contemporary world: new risk factors emerge while social institutions designed to provide social stability malfunction. The article aims at presenting the family attitudes among the youth which are connected to the problem of infantilism (social-psychological maturity), the attitude towards non-traditional gender relations, to the infidelity in romantic relationships, and how the media and TV series may contribute to an increased risk of extremism among the younger generations. The article is based on the data from six original studies on the above-mentioned issues conducted at the RUDN University in 2017-2019 with different sociological methods (questionnaire survey, focus groups and content analysis): a 2017 survey of RUDN students titled “Personal freedom through the eyes of young people” (N = 470); content analysis of four episodes of four Russian TV series in 2017; validation results for the method “Diagnostics of social immaturity in young people” (N = 500); four focus groups on the “Transformation of the contemporary social image of the Russian woman” in 2019; two focus groups with female students on the “Infidelity in romantic relationships” in 2021, and a 2021 survey of Moscow university students on extremism. The broad scope of topics covered in the study in the frame of up-to-date relevant research allowed for several findings which clarified the aspects that should be stressed when implementing the youth and family policy: the conscious parenting training for young families, systematic monitoring of social immaturity of young people in family and everyday life, restoration of the educational system to its former esteem as a counter to the present service sector. Some gradual changes can already be observed in the clear policy on same-sex relationships and attention to the media content at the government level.
Positions of the Russian universities in the world university rankings in 2022
Authors: Ebzeeva Yu. N. , Smirnova Yu. B.
Published: January 2023

Many states have been striving to ensure their universities’ presence in the global rankings which reflect not only the significance of universities but also the ‘international prestige of the country’ [11]. The reason for the popularization of global rankings in Russia was the globalization of the Russian system of higher education. Rankings present universities not only to applicants, students and the academic community, but also to potential employers - by informing about the quality of education, research activities, etc. Another significant parameter of global rankings is the ‘information openness’ of universities [11]. In addition, universities are fighting not only for applicants but also for additional funding, since education and science have become an element of the economic exchange [5]. The article considers the positions of the Russian higher education institutions in the world rankings in 2022. The relevance of the study is determined by the current trends in the university scientific research and by the political situation. The ranking system is based on the objective assessment by experts from different countries of the significant achievements of universities. Since the scientific research in Russian universities faces difficulties, the authors argue that global rankings have become a controversial means for assessing the competitiveness of Russian universities. The authors describe the dynamics of the positions of Russian universities in world rankings in 2022, the state of national rankings and the difficulties of scientific research based on the statistical and comparative approaches. The results of the study make a certain contribution to the theory of management and can contribute to the successful promotion of Russian scientific achievements and universities in the world community.
Moral exclusion in the context of social desirability
Authors: Puzanova Zh. V. , Tertyshnikova A. G.
Published: January 2023

The article considers such terms as social and moral exclusion in the context of the empirical study of collective representations. The authors define the origins of both terms and name those social groups that have historically been subject to exclusion in certain social areas. Moral exclusion is considered in terms of the applicability of moral norms to certain groups provided the cultural norms that exist in the society. Morality operationalizes our sense of justice by defining what and to whom we owe, whose needs, views and well-being are considered and whose are not. Our moral standards are applied to the people we value, and define those within our sphere of justice (or ‘moral community’, such as family members and friends) and those outside it. The excluded groups are considered as out-groups, and their inconveniences and deprivations seem normal, since in relation to them, justice seems inappropriate and moral norms inapplicable. Many social issues cause moral disputes about whether, for instance, an HIV-infected or drug addict deserves help especially from the state. The study aimed at identifying the presence or absence and the degree of moral exclusion of certain social groups. The article is based on the results of the survey of Moscow students conducted in 2021. A special block of the questionnaire consisted of the adapted version of the Marlow-Crown social desirability scale. The factor analysis allowed to identify the most influential factors of moral exclusion of certain groups for students, and the answers were analyzed in terms of readiness to give socially desirable answers to sensitive questions. The considered groups were chosen during focus groups and are not fully delinquent or stigmatized, i.e., the most important fact is whom the students exclude from the members of their personal moral community.
Justice and lawmaking: Social-philosophical aspect
Authors: Orekhov A. M.
Published: January 2023

The article presents an overview of the event organized by the Higher School of Economics (NRU HSE) on December 1, 2021 - a round table “Justice and Lawmaking” as a part of the subproject “Ethics and Law: Mechanisms of Mutual Influence” of the “Applied Ethics” project with the participation of representatives of Russian universities. The article presents the main ideas of the participants of different specialties - lawyers, political scientists, philosophers and international affairs. They considered various aspects and a wide range of issues: diagnostics of social justice in Russia, the need for a deontology of justice and its risks, justice as an ‘institutional trap’ on the example of Soviet and Russian public law institutions, ideas of distributism as a theory of social welfare, historical-philosophical analysis of ideas and political arguments on the essence and effectiveness of elitism and parliamentarism, philosophical analysis of the concept ‘social justice’ in the philosophy of language, formal semantics, formal pragmatics, etc. The participants discussed the results of a number of applied research related to the issues of the round table, for example, the project on the automated methods for assessing ethics, which is carried out in the Higher School of Economics. As a result, the participants of the round table stated that social justice should be the social-political ideal for the further development of contemporary Russia.
OS CRIMES MILITARES POR EXTENSÃO E O OVERRULING DE SÚMULAS DO SUPERIOR TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA
Authors: Ferreira João Paulo de Sousa
Published: January 2023

Em decorrência da dinamicidade da vida social, a Ciência Jurídica não é estanque e, como tal, o ordenamento jurídico, a doutrina e mesmo a jurisprudência passam por adequações e superações através do tempo. Nessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho teve por escopo analisar o fenômeno do overruling de Súmulas do Superior Tribunal de Justiça sucedido com a nova redação atribuída ao artigo 9º do Código Penal Militar pela Lei 13.491/17. Para tanto, em termos metodológicos, assumiu contornos de pesquisa de procedimento bibliográfico-documental, com abordagem qualitativa e fim descritivo, recorrendo à legislação correlata, à doutrina jurídica e literatura pertinente como base. Dada a ampliação do conceito de crime militar e, por consequência, da própria competência da Justiça Castrense para julgar os agora denominados crimes militares por extensão previstos na lei penal como um todo, verificou-se que restaram por superadas as Súmulas de nº 6, 75, 90 e 172 do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, outrora editadas para dirimir questões jurídicas atinentes a conflitos de competência entre Justiça Comum e Justiça Militar. A pesquisa reafirmou, ademais, a premência de os operadores e estudiosos do Direito estarem sempre alerta às vicissitudes do mundo jurídico, aos novos institutos e conformações que, ao longo do tempo, direta ou indiretamente, são também frutos das próprias demandas sociais.
LITÍGIO ESTRATÉGICO EM DIREITOS HUMANOS NA "SOCIEDADE EM REDE": UMA ABORDAGEM TEÓRICO-METODOLÓGICA
Authors: Ferraz Victor Brito
Published: January 2023

O estudo tem por objetivo relacionar conceitos de distintos pensadores contemporâneos, de modo a esboçar uma análise acerca da prática do Litígio Estratégico em Direitos Humanos, sobretudo após a popularização das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação. Em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa apresenta matriz descritiva, exploratória e explicativa. De modo a cumprir com tal objetivo, o artigo tem por estrutura uma breve contextualização histórica, seguindo para a apresentação dos principais conceitos necessários à compreensão do fenômeno, além da apresentação da coleta de dados realizada e, por fim, uma breve abordagem acerca do fenômeno do Litígio Estratégico em Direitos Digitais. Ao final da pesquisa, como resultado, constatou-se que o litígio estratégico ganhou reconhecimento como uma ferramenta na luta contra as restrições aos direitos à privacidade, acesso à informação e liberdade de expressão. O estudo não teve por pretensão, contudo, esgotar a temática, mas conformar-se como ponto de partida para estudos futuros que versem sobre o fenômeno, ao apontar fontes e dados qualitativos e quantitativos que justifiquem o aprofundamento na área.
SENTIDO E ALCANCE DO PRINCÍPIO DA PROTEÇÃO AO HIPOSSUFICIENTE NO DIREITO PREVIDENCIÁRIO
Authors: Gomes Igor Mendonça Cardoso
Published: January 2023

Este artigo pretende investigar a existência e o conteúdo jurídico do princípio da proteção ao hipossuficiente no Direito Previdenciário. Parte-se de um panorama doutrinário e jurisprudencial sobre o tema, para depois buscar os fundamentos constitucionais contrários e favoráveis ao reconhecimento do princípio. Conclui-se que a existência do princípio deriva de uma especial aplicação do princípio da dignidade humana, em sua dimensão positiva, equivalente ao brocardo “in dubio pro dignitate.” Afasta-se, por outro lado, a aplicação do princípio para resolver antinomias e colmatar lacunas no Direito Previdenciário. Finalmente, propõe o entendimento do princípio a partir de um esquema simplificado de decisão judicial, circunscrevendo-o à justificação externa da premissa normativa.
Editorial
Authors: Maria Fontenele-Gomes Luziêt
Published: January 2023

Editorial
A EXPERIÊNCIA FORMATIVA NO ESTÁGIO CURRICULAR SUPERVISIONADO EM COMUNICAÇÃO
Authors: Viana Moisés dos Santos
Published: January 2023

Este texto tem como objetivo apresentar uma breve reflexão sobre a experiência formativa que ocorre no Estágio Curricular Supervisionado (ECS) do Curso de Comunicação Social de Rádio e TV, da Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), em Conceição do Coité-BA, no semiárido baiano. Destacamos o ECS como um complexo processo de formação que ocorre na universidade, garantindo a profissionalização de agentes críticos e reflexivos. Observamos, então, aspectos peculiares relacionados a um cotidiano de produção de materiais e ensino-aprendizagem, saberes, conhecimentos, tecnologias que chegam às pessoas que participam dessa experiência formativa. Dessa forma, o ECS se desenvolve em consonância com a realidade do interior da Bahia, criando momentos com oportunidades de formação, desenvolvendo atividades coletivas e compartilhando formas de vivências universitárias.
THE PROTOTYPE OF GUIDANCE IN TRANSLATING MENU TEXT ASSET: A STUDY OF VIDEO GAME LOCALIZATION
Authors: Wibowo Agung Prasetyo
Published: January 2023

This study intends to create a guidance in translating video game text asset, mainly the menu in the game text asset. The research is done by identifying the game text asset, the techniques of translation applied, the quality of translation, the impacts caused by the usage of the techniques and its quality, and finally propose the recommended techniques to be used as guidance based on those aspects. In analyzing data, the researcher used a descriptive qualitative method using a case study of menu in a video game, namely Dragon Nest. The data were verified by experts in translation studies, linguistic, and video game. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data collection techniques were carried out by document analysis, Foum Group Discussion (FGD), and questionnaire. Validation was done by data source triangulation and expert validation. Then the data analysis technique is using Spradley’s (1980) model of data analysis. The result of the study shows that the guidance in translating menu text asset of video game text should use these translation techniques (in order): Established Equivalence, adaptation, pure borrowing, and naturalized borrowing.
EUPHEMISMS RELATED TO LGBT-MOVEMENT SITUATIONS USED IN ENGLISH INDONESIAN FANSUB TRANSLATION IN MILK (2008)
Authors: Lestari Yuni
Published: January 2023

Euphemism is generally designed to cover up sensitive, taboo and unpleasant words with more neutral and acceptable expressions. This research examined the translation of euphemisms used in LGBT-movement related situations from Milk (2008) movieâ€™s English into Indonesian fansub. The aims of this research are to find out the classification of euphemisms in the frame of an existing euphemism model (Warren, 1992), to describe the translation techniques used to translate the euphemisms by using the translation technique theory (Molina & Albir, 2002), and to discover the intended meaning of the euphemisms by adapting levels of intended meaning theory (Stiles, 1986). Furthermore, descriptive qualitative with the strategy of single embedded case is applied as the method of this research. The data is then analyzed using Spradleyâ€™s data analysis model. The results show that the classification of euphemisms in the source language is not always translated into the same classification of euphemisms in the target language. It indicates that the way to construct sentences, the grammatical structure and the class of words in the source language are not exactly the same with the target language. The translation techniques applied by the translator are literal, generalization, modulation, variation, established equivalent, pure borrowing, natural borrowing, deletion, linguistic compression, and amplification wherein three translation forms are arisen. The three forms are euphemism translated into euphemism (67%), euphemism translated into non-euphemism (25%), and euphemism deleted in the target language (8%). This result proves that the translator has really paid attention to the phenomenon of LGBT embedded in the euphemisms. The result of the intended meaning analysis shows that after being translated, intended meaning levels from the source language are not always the same with intended meaning levels in the target language. It is due to certain euphemisms in the source language that may be different when they are being functioned in the target language.Keywords: euphemism, LGBT-movement, translation technique, intended meaning, fansub
THE SUBTITLE STRATEGY OF SLANG TRANSLATION IN 21 JUMP STREET MOVIE FAN SUBTITLES
Authors: Saputra Mar'i Muhammad Bima
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Slang is one of the aspects of languages that requires experience and knowledge. Some of the slang is not only for delivering certain meaning but also for identifying or expressing the speaker. Slang also appears in the subtitles of the film. Related to this case, this research aims (1) to describe types of slang that is found in 21 Jump Street movie by Original Film, (2) to describe what subtitle strategies that the subtitler used to translate the slang in 21 Jump Street movie by Original Film, and (3) to describe the relationship between the most widely used subtitling strategies and the type of slang that dominantly appears in 21 Jump Street movie. This research is descriptive qualitative research and the expert is involved in the case to validate the data analysis. There were 145 data collected. 21 data are categorized as "Group- and subject-restriction", 2 data as "Secrecy and Privacy", 67 data as "Informality and Debasement", and 55 data as "Vulgarity and Obscenity." The most common category is the "Informality and Debasement" category. On the second analysis, of these 145 data, the strategy mostly used by the subtitler or translator is the "paraphrase" strategy with a total of 57 data. The type of slang that is mostly found which is "Informality and Debasement" is most dominantly translated using the "paraphrase" strategy. This suggests that slang representing intimacy and informality cannot be translated into the same form and way as the source language. The informality here can mean that the characters in this film see the people around them as close people or even to make strangers closer. The strategy used also influences the meaning contained. Some of them need to be translated not synthetically in order to convey the meaning of the slang.
TRANSLATING WEBTOON’S SOUND EFFECTS: A CASE OF INSTANTMISO’S SIREN’S LAMENT
Authors: Dinda Nur Puspitasari
Published: January 2023

The aim of this research is to analyze sound effect translation. The objectives of this research are; to describe the categories of sound effect on web comics Siren’s Lament, and to reveal comic translation strategies to translate sound effect on web comics Siren’s Lament. The data are taken from instantmiso’s (pen name) web comics entitled Siren’s Lament season 1 and season 2 in English and Indonesian version which can be found on Webtoon. Observation and documentation are techniques of collecting data used in this research. For technique of analyzing data, the researcher used the theory of Spradley (1979), involving domain, taxonomy, componential table, and finding cultural themes. Among 99 data found in the analysis, some categories are obtained. Those categories of sound effect were; Impact (26 data (26.3%)), Friction (11 data (11.1%)), Air Current (23 data (23.2%)), Sound involving Liquid and Food (17 data (17.2%)), Breakage (3 data (3.0%)), Explosion and Gunshot (1 data (1.0%)), Sound with Long Duration (13 data (13.1%)), and Pitch (5 data (5.1%)). The dominant data of sound effect category is Impact with 26 data. In terms of strategies, the results showed that    70 data applied repetition strategy, 2 data applied translation strategy, 80 data applied Substitution strategy, and 1 data applied Deletion strategy. Substitution becomes dominant strategy and shows that the translator does not change the overall meaning, but only translates the sound effect into a typical sound in Indonesia.
SUBTITLING STRATEGY IN QUESTION OF DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT IN JOJO RABBIT MOVIE
Authors: Shabrina Gina , Agung Prasetyo Wibowo
Published: January 2023

Question of directive speech acts are frequently found in utterances of characters in many movies. There are so many movies that originate from overseas and undeniably in a different language from Indonesian, including English. Yet, not all Indonesians understand English, so it is important for it to have subtitles so Indonesian audience can understand the movie. To address this matter, this research analysed subtitling strategies that are used to translate question of directive speech acts in Jojo Rabbit movie using qualitative research by utilising Searle’s (1976) questions of directive speech acts theory and Gottlieb’s (1992) subtitling strategies. The data in this research is the English subtitle script and Indonesian subtitle of Jojo Rabbit movie. The aim of this research is to identify subtitling strategies that are used in question of Searle’s (1976) directive speech act in Indonesian subtitle translation by using Gottlieb’s (1992) theory in Jojo Rabbit movie. The results of this research showed that there are 130 questions of directive speech act in English and Indonesian subtitle of Jojo Rabbit movie, and 8 subtitling strategies that are used to translate directive speech acts question in the subtitle of this movie. These results also showed that the most dominant subtitling strategy for translating question of directive speech act in Jojo Rabbit movie is transfer.
INTROJECTION RAISES THE DEATH DRIVE FOR ACHIEVING PLEASURE PRINCIPLE IN THE HOURS MOVIE (SIGMUND FREUD’S PSYCHOANALISIS APPROACH)
Authors: Saragih Evi Irawanti
Published: January 2023

The Hours is a Psychology movie directed by Michael Cunningham and broadcast for the first time in 2002. This movie is about three women whose lives are mutually connected with the story in the novel Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf. Clarissa Vaughan, a lesbian, decided to take care of Richard, a man and her best friend who suffered from HIV AIDS. Laura Brown, the second character in the movie, has experienced some similarities in her way of life with the character in the novel Mrs. Daloway after she read it. Virginia Woolf, the author of that novel, takes part in the movie as a writer whose work influences other characters. Losing a loved one makes the characters feel unreal happiness. Thus, according to their principle, the characters try to put things from the outside into themselves and raise death drive to achieve pleasure. This study aims to explain how the introjection process carried out by the characters in The Hours movie leads to a death drive and then find out which characters resisted the introjection process and got out of the death drive. The result shows that each character does introjection by imitating and applying what they receive from outside. It raises the death drive, and some of them commit suicide.
THE POTRAYAL OF KING ARTHUR IN VIDEO GAMES FROM TRANSSTYLIZATION PERSPECTIVES: AN INTERTEXTUAL STUDY
Authors: Evita
Published: January 2023

Transstylization is a stylistic rewriting, a transposition whose main function is a change of style. It is concerned with the preparation of a text. A stylistic rewriting of a text can be applied by stylization or destylization. This research attempts to reveal what transstylization techniques are applied to the portrayal of King Arthur in video games, adapted from the book King Arthur Myth-Making and History, and how the transstylization generates losses and gains in the characterization of King Arthur. This study uses a qualitative method that allows the researcher to collect, analyze, and draw conclusions from the data, which are in the form of visualization, characteristics, names, and stories that  are in accordance with the book. The data in this study were analyzed using Spradley’s technique of analysis. Transstylization by Gerard Genette and adaptation theory by Linda Hutcheon were applied to answer the problem in this research. From the seventy-six data found, it can be concluded that destylization is the dominant technique of transstylization applied to the portrayal of King Arthur in video games. This shows that the visualization, name, and story of King Arthur in this research have a different pattern from the book. This research also shows how transstylization causes losses and gains in the characterization of King Arthur in video games through Telling-Interacting. These findings enrich the knowledge about the transstylization of  King Arthur from the book King Arthur Myth-Making and the history of video games.
surgical treatment for the uncommon bi-articular fracture of trapezium: a case report
Authors: sadougui mohammed , amahtil mouncef , bouzian walid , hamzaoui amine , benhammou mohammed , daoudi abdelkrim
Published: January 2023

Trapezium fracture is a rare condition that goes undetected and exposes
to long-term comorbidities : chronic pain and rhizartrosis. In presence
of suggestive clinical presentation with a normal radiograph, CT scan
should be considered. Therapeutic guidelines are not well established
due to the lack of series reported in the literature.
Protein engineering, cofactor engineering and surface display engineering to achieve whole-cell catalytic production of chondroitin sulfate A
Authors: Liu Haoyu , Wei Wanqing , Song Wei , Gu Simin , Gao Cong , Chen Xiulai , Liu Jia , Lu Jiaxin , Wu Jing , Liu Liming
Published: January 2023

Chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) is a valuable glycosaminoglycan that has
great market demand. However, current synthetic methods are limited by
requiring the expensive sulfate group donor
3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) and inefficient enzyme
carbohydrate sulfotransferase 11 (CHST11). Herein, we report the design
and integration of the PAPS synthesis and sulfotransferase pathways to
realize whole-cell catalytic production of CSA. Using mechanism-based
protein engineering, we improved the thermostability and catalytic
efficiency of CHST11; its T and half-life increased by
6.9°C and 3.5 h, respectively, and its specific activity increased
2.1-fold. Via cofactor engineering, we designed a dual cycle strategy of
regenerating ATP and PAPS to increase the supply of PAPS. Through
surface display engineering, we realized the outer membrane expression
of CHST11 and constructed a whole-cell catalytic system of CSA
production with a 89.5% conversion rate. This whole-cell catalytic
process provides a promising method for the industrial production of
CSA.
Optical profilometry for forensic bloodstain imaging
Authors: Stotesbury Theresa , Vale Brayden , Orr Amanda , Elliott Colin
Published: January 2023

Understanding the physical, chemical and biological changes that occur
during the drying of a bloodstain is important in many aspects of
forensic science including bloodstain pattern analysis and time since
deposition estimation. This research assesses the use of optical
profilometry to analyze changes in the surface morphology of degrading
bloodstains created using three different volumes (4, 11, and 20 µL) up
to four weeks after deposition. We analyzed six surface characteristics,
including surface average roughness, kurtosis, skewness, maximum height,
number of cracks and pits, and height distributions from the
topographical scans obtained from bloodstains. Full and partial optical
profiles were obtained to examine long-term (minimum of 1.5 hour
intervals) and short-term (5 minute intervals) changes. The majority of
the changes in surface characteristics occurred within the first 35
minutes after bloodstain deposition, in agreement with current research
in bloodstain drying. Optical profilometry is a non-destructive and
efficient method to obtain surface profiles of bloodstains, and can be
integrated easily into additional research workflows including but not
limited to time since deposition estimation.
Variation of two Haloxylon species along a gradient of groundwater depth at the transition zone between desert and oasis
Authors: Wu Xue , Xu Gui-Qing , Li Yan
Published: January 2023

Haloxylon species were dominant vegetation components of deserts across
Central Asia, considering as typical desert plants. Recent studies based
on stable isotope showed that they are groundwater-dependent plants, but
their tolerance strategies and limits to groundwater variation remain
unknown. We adopted the method of spatial-for-temporal, took Haloxylon
ammodendron and H. persicum in Gurbantunggut Desert in Central Aisa as
study objects, combined field survey with model estimation exploring
their quantity, structure, age, and biomass characteristics along a
natural groundwater gradient, aiming to reveal responses to groundwater
depth changes and predict their future development. The results showed
that: (1) Along the groundwater gradient, the stand density, and plant
height, canopy width, and basal diameter of two species all decreased
significantly. （2）When the groundwater depth descended to lower than
12 m, H. persicum replaced H. ammodendron becoming the more dominant
species. (3) As the groundwater depth declined, the dominant diameter
class of H. ammodendron increased, its percentage of adult individuals
increased, but H. persicum was always dominated by young trees. (4) The
above-ground, below-ground and total biomass of two species were all
going down with the lowering of groundwater table, especially those of
H. ammodendron exhibited a much sharper decline, while the root-to-shoot
ratio of H. persicum increased more significantly (p < 0.05).
These findings indicated that continuous decline in groundwater depth
greatly limited the survival and development of H. ammodendron, the
strong allocation regulation of H. persicum helped to cushion the
adverse effects at a certain extent. In the long run, decreased
accessibility of groundwater would be not conducive to their various
ecological roles. The obtained results in this study could provide a
scientific basis for the protection and management of these valuable
species.
The robustness of thermal performance curves limits adaptation in growth rate of wild bacterial strains
Authors: Bideault Azenor , Préfontaine Stéphanie , Barbier Matthieu , Loreau Michel , Gravel Dominique
Published: January 2023

Thermal adaptation of organisms is a property emerging from the complex
interplay of biophysical constraints and selective forces. The shape of
thermal performance curves has been well investigated but we lack
knowledge of how they may evolve. Two extreme cases can be expected: i)
under the hypothesis of local adaptation, species should shift their
thermal performance curves and have an optimum at the temperature at
which they evolve, or ii) under the hypothesis of thermodynamical
constraints, universal biophysical rules dictate a fixed performance
curve with an optimum at warm temperatures. We perform an evolutionary
experiment to test these two hypotheses on the thermal response of
bacteria growth rate, expecting a strong evolutionary response of the
thermal performance curve. We use four wild bacterial strains and allow
them to evolve at ten different temperatures (ranging from 8.5 to 40°C)
to subsequently measure their growth rate at these ten temperatures. We
investigate the difference in growth rate between evolved lines and
their ancestors. We observe signs of adaptation, as growth rates of
evolved and ancestral strains exhibit small but significant differences.
Our analysis shows however that the shape of the thermal performance
curves does not systematically vary between evolved and ancestral
strains, and none of the evolved lines have an optimal growth rate at
the evolution temperature. One strain grows significantly faster than
its ancestor at the temperature of evolution, but we find that for other
strains, evolution leads to faster as well as slower growth rates. These
differences are repeated between evolutionary replicates, suggesting
they are selected. Our study demonstrates that adaptation does not
always overcome thermodynamical constraints on growth rates, and helps
to better understand how microbes will respond to temperature changes.