bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic analysis of a virtual road traffic model
Authors: Łukasik Zbigniew , Górska Małgorzata
Published: March 2019

Based on the road infrastructure model developed in the publication [4], having data obtained from sources - observation points - in [6], and transferred thanks to telecommunications techniques analyzed in [8], it was possible to reflect traffic components and its monitoring on the examined virtual reality area. Using the simulation method, the problem of road traffic was transformed into the analogical problem of monitoring the trajectory in an computer model. This article considers the system's analytical layer.
Noncooled (Hg,Cd)Te IR photo detectors in range of 10.6 μm wavelength
Authors: Niedziela Tadeusz
Published: March 2019

In range of 10.6 μm IR radiation an analysis of noncooled (T = 300 K) (PC) photodiodes and (EMCD) magnetoexlusion detectors with (Hg,Cd)Te was made. The basic detection parameters of these devices are limited by the noise resulting from statistical processes of thermal generation and carrier recombination. The parameter evaluation of related photodiodes demonstrates that the optimal parameters such as: thickness or structure doping on the substrate with a widened energy gap differs each other for structures with ohmic contacts at both ends. In the paper, for photodiodes and magnetoexclusion detectors with (Hg,Cd)Te the research results : optimal photosensitive detection parameters are presented for the room temperature (T=300 K) and acceptable large as well as small (5 and 0.5 W / mm2) densities of the dissipated power.
Influence of the human factor for the technical condition of critical equipment of ships and marine incidents in relation to the requirements of the International Safety Management Code (ISM Code).
Authors: Stachów Jakub
Published: March 2019

The article discusses the impact of the human factor on failures of selected critical equipment in the aspect of ship safety. The analysis of occurrences was carried out on the basis of selected cases of marine incidents in relation to the requirements of the ISM Code. The publication presents the ship audit results which have been carried out in connection to the analyzed incidents and near mis situations at the vessels. The need to modify the provisions of the ISM Code requirements with regard to the element of supporting human decisions was presented.
Results of animal transport controls conducted by the Voivodeship Road Transport Inspectorate in Rzeszów over the period 2012-2017
Authors: Tereszkiewicz Krzysztof , Molenda Piotr , Wałęga Karolina
Published: March 2019

The paper discusses the results of animal transport controls con-ducted by the Voivodeship Road Transport Inspectorate in Rzeszów from 2012 to 2017. During the analysed period, 904 controls of animal transportation have been carried out. The obtained results show that numerous irregularities still occur during the transport of animals. The percentage of transport in which violations were observed amounted to 15,66% in 2014 and to 30,90% in 2012. Most non-compliances concerned the working time of the drivers and the incapacity of the vehicle to transport animals. The obtained results point to the need for intensified controls of the rules and conditions of animal transport.
Aspect of load variability in determining power losses in the DC electric traction power supply system
Authors: Wojciechowski Jerzy
Published: March 2019

The article discusses issues related to the variability of traction load and its impact on power losses in DC traction substations. Presented is the method of determining the influence of current averaging, which often happens in traction calculations. It has been shown that the averaging of the current has a significant impact on the inaccuracy of calculations or measurements of power and energy in DC traction power systems. The issues of variability of traction load are presented.
Determinants of demand for services offered at gas stations
Authors: Zielińska Edyta
Published: March 2019

This article describes factors that affect the demand for services offered at the gas stations in Poland. Main types of gas stations that operate within the country are listed and characterised. It is also determined which gas stations are the most popular among the customers and which services rendered are the most important for the consumers. To decide which facilities providing technical re-sources for automotive sector in terms of distribution of, among others, gasoline, diesel fuel and biofuels are best, major oil and gas corporations, i.e. PKN ORLEN, BP and Grupa LOTOS are analysed. The main criteria of assessment of these corporations is information that allows to compare the number of their gas stations, prices of liquid fuel and LP gas and additional services, i.e. fuel cards.
Signalling servers for WebRTC technology with the use of node.js run-time environment
Authors: Chodorek Agnieszka , Chodorek Robert
Published: March 2019

Web Real-Time Communications (WebRTC) technology is an enabler of native transmission of multimedia information between two and more Web browsers. WebRTC is based on HTML version 5 (HTML5) and JavaScript languages. Although both real-time media streams (audio, video) and non-real-time non-media flows (also present in WebRTC architecture) are transmitted directly between browsers, to enable transmission of information necessary for session management (and more precisely: session establishment) purposes, a signalling server is needed. Such server may be regarded as a rendezvous point of end systems that use WebRTC technology. In this paper, node.js run-time environment and principle of building of Webrtc signalling server with the use of scripts written in JavaScript and run in node.js are presented. Example of script of a simple signalling server also is shown. The exemplary server connects users of one and only session, although this session may serve not only one-to-one, but also many-to-many connections. Despite its simplicity, this is a fully functional signalling server, able to serve signalling messages for purposes of message ex-change, or for purposes of initialization of WebRTC-based Internet telephony or simple conferencing systems.
Evaluation of the TSL sector in Poland - 2004-2017
Authors: Fajczak-Kowalska Anita , Kowalska Magdalena
Published: March 2019

The article is an attempt to assess the condition of the TSL sector in Poland in 2004-2017. In the theoretical part of the work, the image and specification of the concept of the TSL sector was approximated and presented the position of Poland in the LPI Ranking - Performance Indicator of Logistics. In the practical part of the work an attempt was made to assess the condition of the TSL sector in 2004-2017 (in terms of average employment based on an employment relationship (thousand persons), average gross remuneration based on employment relationship (PLN), revenues from total activity ( PLN million), the costs of obtaining revenues from total activity (PLN milion)
Outsourcing of logistic services in the area of transport processes
Authors: Kępka Agnieszka , Szkoda Maciej
Published: March 2019

The article discusses the general concept of outsourcing, with particular emphasis on outsourcing in the area of logistics. The attention was paid to the essence of making the right decisions about the mode of transport operation mainly in manufacturing companies. It also presents the reasons that cause, that enterprises make decisions to outsource some of their processes to external companies. In addition to the numerous advantages of outsourcing, the article highlights the positive aspects of using your own rolling stock to carry out transport tasks and any restrictions associated with it.
Transport of construction aggregate
Authors: Kleszcz Rafał , Czech Renata , Zabochnicka-Świątek Magdalena , Czech Piotr , Turoń Katarzyna
Published: March 2019

With the development of the road transport industry, a certain tendency may be taught in which the carrier becomes a specialist in a particular type of cargo. More and more transport companies resign from the diversity of rolling stock in favour of specializing in transport of one type of cargo, e.g. transport of refrigerated cargo, oversized transport, transport of bulk cargo, etc. Carriers orientating themselves to a specific type of cargo become professionals in their fields. Customers are very eager to use the services of companies that are professionals in their industry so that the goods purchased by them will reach them according to the 7W logistics principle - the right product, the right quantity, the right condition, the right place, the right time, the right customer and the right cost. The article presents the issues related to the transport of construction aggregates in road transport. The article is aimed primarily at presenting issues related to the organization and implementation of transport of construction aggregates through all its stages: loading, transporting material and unloading.
Identification of freight carriage groups at the border station
Authors: Marciniec Tomasz , Chrzan Marcin
Published: March 2019

This article discusses the issue of identifying freight carriage groups at the point of changing track width In integrated transport chains. The presented model describes the situation in identifying transport units located on the railway infrastructure, specifying their technical parameters.
Shaping of quality of transport realized for the needs of construction projects in cities on the example of Szczecin
Authors: Osypchuk Oleksandra
Published: March 2019

The article discusses the process of shaping the quality of freight transport implemented for the needs of construction projects in the context of supply strategies selected by enterprises. Enterprises that carry out construction investments face different types of problems. One of these problems is the functioning of the supply chain. Building supplies as part of this chain are a weak point due to both organizational and quality problems. The article presents an analysis of solutions used in the implementation of construction supplies in the city of Szczecin and an attempt was made to analyze the process of shaping the quality of these deliveries.
Raspberry PI as a tool supporting real-time tracking
Authors: Rusek Damian , Pniewski Roman
Published: March 2019

In the article a functional GPS locator description has been presented based on microcomputer Raspberry PI, which can transfer your localization using GSM technology and visualize GPS data in real-time e.g. with Google maps. Normally when using car navigation system or mobile one it’s displaying our localization on map and showing the best path connected to the distance and other factors from our place to the destination one. The locator instead can be used to track objects or people. It’s worth to mention that in the contrary to the GPS we do not have to be physically close to it in order to get data, because it can send data in the stream mode through the internet. Since implementation of the GPS systems into the market consumers and companies try to outdo each other in inventing new modern ways of using this technology in day-to-day life. Navigation systems and tracking ones prevent us from getting lost, when we are in unknown places, they monitor children when they are out of home. They sup-port vehicles tracking all the time, therefore they are one of the most effective ways of increasing quality and efficiency of the management systems used in logistics. They enable better searching and materials management as well as faster information gathering through modern technology usage.
IT in the logistics of crisis situations: a review of selected systems and technologies
Authors: Smal Tomasz , Wojaczek Anna
Published: March 2019

IT systems are an indispensable element supporting logistics processes. Commercial organisations have been investing in this kind of tools for years, as they are absolutely necessary to ensure seamless operations in a reality where pressure on profits requires speed, effectiveness and high efficiency. This kind of solutions, along with all their advantages, can successfully be transferred and applied to decision-making in the logistics of crisis management. The first part of the article outlines and provides an analysis of available technologies and information systems that are (or can be) used in the area in question. Further, we formulate the requirements that a dedicated support system for the logistics of crisis situations must meet.
Static analysis and stability of the steel framework
Authors: Stachura Sławomir
Published: March 2019

The use of sheet metal plates for frame supports minimizes the thickness of the web, whose carrying capacity is only used in shear zones as a shear resistance, while in the center zones of the spans, where the bending moments dominate, and the lateral force tends to zero - the web's carrying capacity is minimized. Sheet metal binders exhibit a high supercritical load capacity, which is particularly noticeable when using rigid belts and slim webs, the shear loads for this type of sheet metal can be significantly higher than the critical loads specified for ideal plate models and webs. An analysis of the stability of the flat frame with carrier elements of I-section in the elastic range, including the ribbing of the web of co-lumns, as a counteracting the phenomenon of local loss of web stability. Studies on the effects of concentrations on general structural, torsion and torsional collapse were performed. The analysis used bar and shell calculation models, which allows analysis of the local loss of stability of the individual sections of the sheet metal section.
Low requirements for security of navigational infrastructure for safety entering to Polish ports
Authors: Śniegocki Henryk , Stupak Tadeusz , Piotrzkowski Wiesław
Published: March 2019

Paper presents requirement of necessary infrastructure for ensuring safety access for Polish ports. Presented type of infrastructure and necessary low requirements. There are many legal domestic and international requirements in this field. Authors indicated that Polish Maritime Office are well organized in security safety in this requirements.
Fields of hazards to rail freight shipment realization
Authors: Szaciłło Lucyna
Published: March 2019

There is a noticeable increase in rail freight shipment in recent years. European Union’s transport policy, infrastructure investments and opportunities given by the New Silk Road, point to new possibilities for development in this field of transport. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 402/2013 of 30 April 2013 on the common method for risk evaluation and assessment and repealing Regulation (EC) No 352/2009 distinguishes six stages of proceeding in risk assessment process. Key one among them, regarding this article, is risk assessment and classification. For the cargo to safely reach recipients, conditions allowing for continuous flow of fright needs to be provided. While realizing railway fright shipment, undesirable events can occur, that disrupt the shipment process. This events can be identified on the railway tracks, in the shipment, transhipment and destination points, caused by human actions or atmospheric conditions.
Smart technology measurement for surface defects inspection in die casting
Authors: Świłło Sławomir , Wąsik Jan
Published: March 2019

The objective of the paper is to demonstrate a measurement strategy for online inspection of surface defects in products, especially discontinuities which appear in castings after machining. The essence of the proposed online vision inspection system is to provide an automated method for obtaining and analyzing images of the inspected surfaces, to allow an unmistakable and consistent finding of defects and specifying their types. The proposed solution could improve productivity and quality in the manufacturing process especially for the automotive industry and significantly improve automatization in die casting technology. This is one of the most fundamental problems of a research studies in process design for automotive parts such as: handles of transmission systems, cylinder pistons and cylinder front faces in engine bodies, that has significant influence for the manufacturing cost. Proposed by the author an online vision inspection systems are responded to users demands for systems that are easier to use, low-cost, and flexible. Using a combination of a vision hardware and software, the proposed vision system could analyze the images, usually in a fraction of a second. Since the human visual inspection is slow and expensive, a smart technology is an alternative solution for the online inspection. The developed smart technology uses advance vision system with specially designed lighting, an advanced image processing algorithm for defect detection and their classification.
Transport of municipal waste on the example of a selected city of the Silesian agglomeration - part 2. Means of transport and costs
Authors: Witkiewicz Anna , Czech Renata , Zabochnicka-Świątek Magdalena , Czech Piotr , Turoń Katarzyna
Published: March 2019

The article presents the issues related to the transport of municipal waste. The legal requirements relating to waste transport, a list of necessary documentation for conducting this type of activity and the required marking of vehicles are discussed. Logistics strategies related to the activities aimed at the implementation of municipal waste collection from the example of the city residents were also shown, allowing to limit the costs associated with this activity. De-scribed are waste collection systems and the most frequently used transport systems based on the criterion of the number of means of transport used for waste disposal. The article also contains information on the means of transport used. Finally, the costs of the example company for the means of transport used to collect municipal waste were analysed and factors important for the formation of these costs were presented. The article has been divided into two separate parts.
Barriers of commercialization of intellectual goals in the light of cooperation with science with business
Authors: Bartnicki Adam , Krawczyk Izabela , Krawczyk Robert
Published: March 2019

The article presents the problems associated with the commercialization of intellectual goods created at a university. It also shows the role of the centers for the technology transfer and the special purpose vehicles in the processes of direct and indirect commercialization. The publication indicates a basic barriers accompanying the commercialization processes, resulting both from the reality of the university's functioning and the expectations of entrepreneurs and investors.
Assessment of the vehicle maintenance system based on the example of the Tactical Air Base
Authors: Chukowski Tomasz , Kiciński Marcin
Published: March 2019

Paper discussed the organization of the vehicle maintenance system in the Tactical Air Base. Selected maintenance indicators were presented and they were determined using the research method based on the example of the Tactical Air Base. The results obtained were also analyzed.
Modern and very advanced technology of IT Platforms for strategic management of underground infrastructure and buildings with virtual reality 3D visualization
Authors: Dubiński Jerzy
Published: March 2019

The text presents ultra-modern technology of IT PLATFORMS, for strategic support of railways underground infrastructure management, with advanced, real time visualisation in virtual reality 3D system.
Systems supporting business management - Plan 9000 - Defining machines and devices in the system
Authors: Jędra Ireneusz
Published: March 2019

The article presents a proposal to use IT systems supporting enter-prise management using the Plan 9000 system. An example of the process of defining machines or devices in the system is discussed.
Organizational barriers to the development of the electromobility market in Poland
Authors: Lewicki Wojciech
Published: March 2019

The article attempts to signal the issue of barriers to the development of the electromobility market in Poland. The considerations were based on the analysis of a document created by the Ministry of Energy or the Program for the Development of Electromobility in Poland. The aim of the article is to signal the existing formal limitations and desirable prospective directions of changes, which in the future may lead to the verification of currently promoted activities in the field of development of the electromobility market in Poland. lead to the verification of currently promoted activities in the field of development of the electromobility market in Poland.
Validity and timing in decision support systems
Authors: Petrov Oleksandr , Horoshko Volodymyr , Aleksander Marek , Basiura Beata , Hokhlacheva Yulia
Published: March 2019

Based on the principle of synthesizing the matrix of transitional probabilities, processes of decision-making support by means of the truncated procedures of type (k/n)n (k≤n) are considered. Obtained expressions for calculating the time-efficiency of the processes of decision support using procedures type (k/4)4 are shown. There are given calculated by the expressions obtained data time efficiency, which will enable a quantitative comparison between different procedures and select the best of them on the basis of specific practical tasks.
DECISION MAKING: Sebuah Telaah Awal
Authors: Sola Ermi
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn general, decision making is a process of choosing alternatives conducted by a certain people in an organization. An accurate decision that solves or answers the problem, needs ...and creativity from the decision makers. The decision makers have to follow any steps of decision making itself. Generally, there many steps in decision making, starting from the clearness of problem it self, develop alternatives, assess the alternatives by determine certain criteria, choose the best alternatives to be a decision, implement it, and control the implementation especially to the decision that is not routine, rarely happens, and special. Judgement, intuition, and creativity is the key to a success and effective decision making.
The Reproductive Success of Farmed American Mink (Neovison Vison) – A Review
Authors: Ludwiczak Agnieszka , Stanisz Marek
Published: March 2019

The aim of this review was to define the most important factors that affect the reproductive success of farmed mink. The biology of mink reproduction is unique when comparing it with other farmed fur animals. The article emphasizes the importance of optimal environmental conditions in prevention of reproductive disorders. The novel attempts to the mating schedule, optimal diet and body condition of dams, kits transfer between dams, these are only examples of advantageous procedures used in mink farming to increase the effectiveness of reproduction.
Uniqueness theorems related to weighted sharing of two sets
Authors: Sahoo Pulak , Karmakar Himadri
Published: March 2019

Using the notion of weighted sharing of sets, we study the uniqueness problem of meromorphic functions sharing two finite sets. Our results are inspired from an article due to J. F. Chen (Open Math., 15 (2017), 1244–1250).
Teleconference in Support of Autonomous Learning
Authors: Armakolas Stefanos , Panagiotakopoulos Christos , Karatrantou Anthi
Published: March 2019

In Distance education, learning depends on the ability of the learner to manage his/her learning process, both through the creation of appropriate objectives, and by adopting strategies to achieve them. The role of the teacher is to develop an efficient methodology with flexibility over the learners’ special characteristics and to create conditions to enable the learners to manage their learning process. This research aims to investigate the parameters which are involved in synchronous teleconference and which lead to effective learning through the support of an autonomous environment. The research was conducted with students of the Annual Training Program for Teachers of Higher School of Pedagogical and Technological Education Department in Patras. The results show that teleconference as teaching tool can support the autonomous learning and can enhance personalisation as this process can help students to learn and develop skills by receiving efficient support.
Characteristics of seed material and seedlings of Conium maculatum L.
Authors: Bilińska Elżbieta , Buchwald Waldemar
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Fresh herbs of poison hemlock (Conii maculati herba) are used in homeopathy. The plant is also used in pharmacological and toxicological studies. There are few articles on seed germination capability in available literature.

Objective: The aim of the research was evaluation of Conium maculatum seed germination.

Methods: Germination studies of C. maculatum L. were carried out according to methodology by ISTA.

Results: It was confirmed that the germination capability of the described species is dependent on access to light and temperature fluctuations. In the first year after harvest, the highest percentage of germinating seeds was found in the winter months (January–February).

Conclusion: The seeds stored in an unheated room still germinated in the fifth year after harvest.
Experimental measurements for evaluation of the network throughput of the RC4 channel in the in-home PLC network
Authors: Róka Rastislav
Published: March 2019

For the expansion of in-home PLC networks, it is necessary to have a detailed knowledge of the PLC transmission channel properties. This contribution shortly discusses theoretical characteristics of the RC4 reference channel. A main part is focused on the network throughput and on the interphase PLC signal liaising presented in the RC4 reference channel for higher frequencies than 10 MHz. For evaluation of considered transmission parameters, experimental measurements related to various noise sources and to interactions between different phase conductors are realized in the real in-home PLC network.
Modelling of electronic and optical properties of Cu2SnS3 quantum dots for optoelectronics applications
Authors: Ahamed M. Irshad , Kumar K. Sathish
Published: March 2019

Copper tin sulfide (Cu2SnS3) is a unique semiconductor, whose nanocrystals have attracted researchers’ attention for its tunable energy bandgap and wavelength in visible and near infrared range. Quantum dots which are fabricated from this material are highly suitable for optoelectronics and solar cell applications. This paper discusses the tunable energy bandgap, exciton Bohr radius and wavelength range of wurtzite structure of Cu2SnS3 quantum dots to assess the opportunity to use them in optoelectronics applications. The considerations show that the mole fraction of copper increases as energy bandgap decreases and tunable energy bandgap of this quantum dot material is inversely proportional to the wavelength.
CdO-Fe3O4 nanocomposite with enhanced magnetic and photocatalytic properties
Authors: Nallendran R. , Selvan G. , Balu A.R.
Published: March 2019

Pure CdO nanopowder and CdO-Fe3O4 nanocomposite were synthesized by a cost effective chemical method, and the samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, UV-Vis-NIR and PL. Also, magnetic and photocatalytic properties of the synthesized samples were studied. XRD patterns of the composite confirm the presence of diffraction peaks related to both CdO and Fe3O4. EDX spectrum confirms the presence of the elements Cd, O and Fe in the composite. Peaks related to Cd–O and Fe–O bonds were observed respectively at 688 cm−1 and 592 cm−1 in the FT-IR spectrum. The paramagnetic behavior of pure CdO becomes ferromagnetic when coupled with Fe3O4. The composite exhibited a high photodegradation efficiency of 92.85 % against the degradation of methylene blue dye under visible light radiation.
To Explore the Effectiveness of Digital and Experiential Marketing in Attracting Customer Participation in the Hong Kong Wine and Dine Festival
Authors: Chui Margaret S. M.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness of digital and experiential marketing in attracting customer participation in the Hong Kong Wine and Dine Festival. This study explores the evolution of theories and models of digital and experiential marketing, and how they account for participation in a specific event. Findings show that variables related to media have moderate to strong relationship to customer satisfaction: owned media - HKTB Facebook, paid media - search engine, earned media - word-of-mouth, experiential marketing - escapist, experiential marketing - entertainment. Customer satisfaction also has a moderate relationship to customer loyalty. To boost the number of visitors, it is critical to better utilize the owned media – HKTB Facebook, paid media - search engine, and earned media – word-of-mouth to provide information and get positive feedback from visitors. The experiential marketing seems to be equally important and the marketer/organizer should consider providing escapist and entertainment experiences for visitors.

A major limitation is the cross-sectional nature of this study. Future research could adopt a longitudinal approach by exploring issues related to promotional tools and types of experience over say three consecutive years. Another limitation is the sample size and type. Numbers are moderate and the snowball sampling adopted is non-probabilistic, which means that findings are suggestive rather than generalizable to all similar events.
Relevance of prolonged first mating in reproductive bioactivities of Dysdercus koenigii (Fabricius, 1775) (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae)
Authors: Gupta Kamal Kumar , Shazad Mohd , Kumar Shailendra
Published: March 2019

Adults of Dysdercus koenigii remain in continuous copula for up to 72h. The adaptive significance of prolonged copulation in the reproductive bioactivities of D. koenigii was investigated by a series of interrupted mating experiments. The adults were allowed to mate for a specified duration, after which mating was forcibly terminated. The study indicated that insemination in the female takes place during the first day of mating. This was reflected by the observation that 24h mated females laid fertile eggs. Prolonged mating modifies the female’s reproductive behaviour. The duration of mating had a profound effect on the onset of oviposition as well as the total number of eggs and egg batches laid by a female during her lifetime. Female fertility was also correlated with the duration of mating. Therefore, a female mated for 24h laid fewer fertile eggs in comparison to females mated for 48h or 72h. Hatching success decreased significantly in the egg batches laid by a female during the latter part of her life. A mated female exhibited rhythmic ovipositional behaviour. Our results indicated that the rhythmicity of the oviposition changed as a consequence of the different duration of mating. For instance, in females mated for 24h, there was a change in the number of eggs laid and in the rhythmicity of ovipositional peaks. Further, the rate of oocyte growth appeared to be enhanced by mating. This was evidenced by the shorter inter-oviposition period in the case of females mated for a longer period. It is suggested that throughout mating, females acquire additional sperm and non-gametic resources, such as male accessory gland secretions, which govern their reproductive behaviour and physiology.
Modal Competition and Complementarity: Cost Optimization at End-User Level
Authors: Costescu Dan M.
Published: March 2019

The paper aims to identify possible methods for balancing the allocation of transport flow on modal subsystems in order to efficiently use the infrastructures and reduce the negative effects of today’s unbalance. The aspects of intermodal competition are reviewed, considering the economic concepts regarding the substitutability of transportation services, conformation degree to the perfect competition model and the nature of cross elasticity demand.

A top-down analysis over the whole infrastructure assembly is performed. The results, under the presumption of valid work hypothesis, indicated that for further analysis the set of networks transferring material flows can be assumed as disconnected from the other networks sets transferring energy, informational and values flows.

The second part of the paper develops, for that disconnected networks, a generalized cost optimization model for multimodal transportation, where the comfort and safety are accounted. Thus, the performance of the existing algorithms based only on trip length, trip duration and energy consumption can be significantly improved. Additionally, the author proposes three new independent types of modal analysis that allow end-users and companies involved in transport organization to optimize their modal choice and the whole transport process organization.
On the diet of owls (Strigiformes) in Jordan
Authors: Obuch Ján
Published: March 2019

Between 2005 and 2015 I undertook eight trips to Jordan during which I collected pellets from seven owl species. In them 14,203 food items were identified. Mammals (Mammalia, 46 species, 37.9% of prey items) formed the most numerous component, invertebrates (Evertebrata) made up 33.4%, birds (Aves, 25.4%) were represented with at least 104 species, reptiles (Reptilia) came to 3.2%, and two species of amphibian were identified (Amphibia, 0.2%). Pharoah eagle owls (Bubo ascalaphus) and Byzantine eagle owls (Bubo bubo interpositus) primarily hunt larger mammals and birds, although Agamidae and Scorpiones were also represented more frequently among B. ascalaphus. Mammals predominated among tawny owls (Strix aluco wilkonskii) (Mammalia, 58.9%), mainly the eastern rock mouse (Apodemus mystacinus) (24.9%). For wintering long-eared owls Asio otus otus the most important food was small birds (Aves, 78.3%), especially house sparrows (Passer domesticus), Fringillidae and Sylviidae. For barn owls (Tyto alba erlangeri) the principal prey was small mammals (83.1%), mainly mice (Mus sp.), Günther’s vole (Microtus guentheri), grey hamster (Cricetulus migratorius) and shrews (Soricidae). Hume’s tawny owl (Strix butleri) pellets contained mostly invertebrates (58.9%) and lizards, and their most frequent mammal prey were Wagner’s gerbil (Gerbillus dasyurus) and spiny mice (Acomys sp.). There was an even higher propostion of invertebrates (86.4%) among lilith owlets (Athene lilith). In addition to the insect orders Coleoptera, Orthoptera and Hymenoptera, remains of Scorpiones and Solifugae were also frequently found. The summarized results from individual owl species are compared with those gathered by the author in the surrounding Middle Eastern countries: Israel, Syria, Lebanon and Egypt.
Forms of iron in parent rocks of soils developed from Lower Triassic (Buntsandstein) deposits in the NE part of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)
Authors: Zagórski Zbigniew , Kisiel Monika
Published: March 2019

The aim of the study was to characterize pedogenic iron forms in the sediments of the Lower Triassic (Buntsandstein) in the north-eastern part of the Holy Cross Mountains. These are sediments of continental origin and unique features as the so-called ‘red beds’. Three main types of rocks were studied – sandstones, mudstones and claystones. Chemical forms of iron: Fet (XRF), FeHCl (6M HCl), Fed (dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate, DCB), Feo (ammonium oxalate), Fep (sodium pyrophosphate) were determined. The XRD method revealed the occurrence of goethite in sandstones and hematite in mudstones and claystones. Differential XRD (DXRD) analysis did not show the presence of amorphous iron minerals. The average Fet content in sandstones was 83 g·kg−1, in mudstones 47 g·kg−1, in claystones 55 g·kg−1, while there were lower concentrations of Fed (66 g·kg−1, 13 g·kg−1, 26 g·kg−1, respectively). Feo form content was in the range of 0.3–4 g·kg–1, while there were only traces of Fep. Only Fet and FeHCl occurred in good correlation. In the pedogenic interpretation of the studied rocks, mutual relations between chemical forms of iron were used and their reference to the identified iron minerals. Siltstones and claystones have high resistance to pedogenic factors, which is indicated by low release rates Fed:Fet and very low amorphization index Feo:Fed. The reason is the presence of well crystalline hematite in these rocks. In sandstones, resistance is conditioned by the occurrence of goethite in the matrix. Chemical destruction of iron-carbonate cement promotes the release and amorphization of iron in soils developed from sandstones. The presented results indicate that the specificity of Lower Triassic rocks is important for the proper classification and assessment of properties of soils with a characteristic red colour.
Restoration of soil-vegetation cover and soil microbial community at the Pechurki limestone quarry (Leningrad region, Russia)
Authors: Dmitrakova Yanina Aleksandrovna , Rodina Oksana Andreevna , Alekseev Ivan Ilych , Polyakov Vyacheslav Igorevich , Petrova Alina Aleksandrovna , Pershina Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Ivanova Ekaterina Andreevna , Abakumov Evgeny Vasilevich , Kostecki Jakub
Published: March 2019

Due to a significant increase in mining activity and subsequent ecosystem disturbances, it is becoming increasingly important to understand how degraded, unproductive quarries can be converted into new, self-sustaining communities that develop into natural environments. Former limestone quarry was investigated with aim to determine the best reclamation practice for surfaces of former lime rock quarries. Effects of spontaneous succession and forestry reclamation restoration approaches on vegetation and soil features were studied. The study was conducted in one of the largest limestone quarries of the Leningrad region, south taiga region. Species composition and vegetation cover were estimated for different plant communities within each ecotype of the quarry. Also soil characteristics were evaluated at each plot. We found that the main differences between plots were due to their position in the landscape; the most similar communities colonize similar ecotypes. On flat landforms, biodiversity is reduced under biological reclamation. At the sites under spontaneous succession, the level of biodiversity increases. In terms of biodiversity conservation and economic benefit, spontaneous succession is preferable to forestry reclamation for the restoration of carbonate substrates. After examining CO2 emissions from the quarry as a result of weathering of carbonates and soil respiration, as well as the level of CO2 sequestration from the atmosphere, we show that the establishment of certain landscape forms within former quarries can help to reduce atmospheric CO2.
Growing Trade, But Slowing Unitized Short Sea Shipping: Analysing Finland and Germany
Authors: Hilmola Olli-Pekka , Tolli Andres
Published: March 2019

In this research is being analyzed trade relationship and unitized maritime cargo between Germany and Finland. Focus in longitudinal analysis (2001-2017) is on maritime transport, and particularly within the development of different Finnish sea ports in unitized German cargo handling. Trade has been significantly growing over the decades and is on record highs in the most recent year (2017). Germany has also become largest trade partner of Finland. However, after 2003 trade bas been on growing deficit path, and is currently more than one billion deficits for Finland. Rather surprisingly, unitized cargo flows are not growing as much as trade suggests. Still best years are from time before Global Financial Crisis (GFC). Some sea ports in Southwest of Finland have been on clear declining path, while largest sea ports could be considered as somehow sustaining in volumes. Growth is on some smaller and mid-sized sea ports, which have direct regional need for German trade. Hinterland transports through Baltic States must have taken share of direct maritime transports from Finnish sea ports.
The Role of Computerized Solutions in Consolidating Financial Results from the European and Anglo-Saxon Accounting Systems
Authors: Stoica Raluca , Stefan Veronica
Published: March 2019

The implementation of up-to-date technologies in the accounting system of modern entities is a topical subject, by the desire of enterprises to align themselves with the current of international globalization but also by the requirements imposed by the science and practice to join the accounting main issues in the field. The accounting technique evolved with the technological innovations, related to each evolutionary period of the human society. The paper aims to identifying the factors that influenced the whole process of the development of information technologies in the financial-accounting field; identifying the main issues related to the technological interaction in accounting and, in this context, identifying the tools and technological supports in the evolution of the accounting technique, from the empirical forms of accounting to the present day, in the age of globalization, amid the continuous need for normalization and standardization of accounting procedures, especially applicable to the consolidation of financial results.

Nowadays, the most used digital technology in computerized accounting and management is Cloud-Computing ERP solutions, a form of digital accounting that will represent the critical mass of accounting information system in the near future, and this paper will present and discuss such solutions.
Integrated Reporting in the Context of Corporate Governance. Case study on the Adoption of Integrated Reporting of Romanian Companies listed on BSE
Authors: Ivan Oana Raluca
Published: March 2019

Integrated Reporting (IR), the latest approach in corporate reporting, is one of the most discussed topics of the past several years. Recently, companies and companies have realized that the former business model, which was based only on profit-taking without regard to employees, the environment and society, needs to be revised and should take into account wider objectives than financial ones. Therefore, current societies adopt a pluralistic approach and aim to include in their concerns stakeholders’ needs, sustainability, business ethics and transparency. From the aforementioned aspects derives the research question of the present study, aiming in this way to determine the degree of adoption of the integrated reporting of the Romanian companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange, as well as the analysis of the corporate governance reporting degree of the companies included in the study. The results show us the current state of the art for this issue.
From Employee to Homo Faber? Considerations About Union Renewal and Informal Workers in Brasil and India
Authors: Frangi Lorenzo , Routh Supriya
Published: March 2019

For the purpose of trade union renewal, it is suggested that trade unions need to convert themselves from being institutions centred on employer-employee relations to open source ones engaged with broader social justice issues. In this article, we offer two elements to the debate on trade union revival: first, we focus on two rapidly emerging economies with a corporatist and state-centered union structure (i.e., Brazil and India); second, in the context of these two countries, we challenge the idea that informal workers are a burden for trade union organizations. We consider the possible contributions that informal workers could make towards the renewal of trade unions in these two countries. We argue that trade unions could take advantage of these contributions if they overcome the employee horizon, which originated in Western countries and excludes millions of workers from its purview in Brazil and India. We propose the concept of “homo faber” as a new horizon for trade union organization, which is inclusive of both formal as well as informal workers.
Expanding Labour’s Horizons: Union Organizing and Strategic Change in Canada
Authors: Yates Charlotte AB
Published: March 2019

How can unions arrest membership decline in an increasingly chilly climate? Unions across Canada have arrived at a common answer to this question; unions need to organize the unorganized, in particular reaching out to women, youth and people of colour. After a brief discussion of who is being organized by unions, this article turns to a discussion of innovations in union organizing strategies, including the virtue of rank and file activists and the B.C. Organizing Institute. The next challenge for unions is to keep newly organized workers as members. This depends on adequate representation of these members’ interests and opportunities for their participation in union affairs. The paper critically evaluates union efforts at reform of internal structures and collective bargaining practices. While organizing alone cannot secure the future of unions, it is a critical part of the process of the renewal of labour power. Comment les syndicats peuvent-ils freiner la diminution de leurs membres dans un climat qui leur est de plus en plus défavorable? Les syndicats du Canada entier ont trouvé une réponse commune à cette question : les syndicats doivent syndicaliser les personnes qui ne sont pas syndiquées, s’adressant particulièrement aux femmes, aux jeunes et aux personnes de couleur. Après avoir traité brièvement des personnes que recrutent actuellement les syndicats, cet article passe à un examen des stratégies innovatrices de recrutement syndical, y compris l’implication des militantes et militants de la base et l’institut du recrutement de la C-B. Le défi suivant que les syndicats doivent relever consiste à garder les membres nouvellement recrutés. Leur capacité d’y arriver dépend de l’adéquation de leur défense des intérêts de ces membres et des occasions qu’ils leur donnent de participer aux affaires syndicales. L’article comprend un examen critique des efforts faits par les syndicats pour réformer leurs structures internes et leurs pratiques de négociation collective. Le recrutement ne suffit pas à assurer l’avenir de syndicats, mais il est un élément critique du processus de renouvellement de leur pouvoir.
A New Look at Shorter Hours of Work in the Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union
Authors: White Julie
Published: March 2019

This paper argues that we need to look again at hours of work. One out of every five Canadians is working more than 40 hours a week as their regular hours, while one out of ten work over 50 hours. On top of this, overtime is excessive - paid overtime alone is the equivalent of 225,000 full-time jobs. A major study by the CEP in the pulp and paper industry has shown that overtime may be more expensive than hiring additional workers and that workers are willing to reduce overtime in order to save or create jobs. On reducing regular hours of work, the CEP has found that additional days away from work, once negotiated and experienced, are extremely popular. While more time off is about job creation, better health and safety and improving family and social life, it opposes the lean and mean approach of business corporations. Cet article soutient que nous devons repenser les heures de travail. Un Canadien ou une Canadienne sur cinq a une semaine de travail normale de plus de 40 heures et un ou une sur dix travaille plus de 50 heures par semaine. Qui plus est, les heures supplémentaires sont excessives. Les heures supplémentaires rémunérées comptent, à elles seules, pour l’équivalent de 225 000 emplois à plein temps. Un importante étude réalisée par le SCEP dans l’industrie papetière a révélé qu’il peut être plus coûteux de faire effectuer des heures supplémentaires que d’engager des employés ou employées additionnels et que les gens sont disposés à réduire leurs heures supplémentaires afin de maintenir ou de créer des emplois. Le SCEP a constaté que les personnes ayant consenti à réduire leurs heures normales de travail apprécient grandement leurs journées libres supplémentaires. L’augmentation du temps libre est destinée à créer des emplois, à accroître la santé et la sécurité et améliorer la vie familiale et sociale, mais elle s’oppose au régime minceur des entreprises.