bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UV-protection of wood surfaces by controlled morphology fine-tuning of ZnO nanostructures
Authors: Guo Huizhang , Fuchs Peter , Cabane Etienne , Michen Benjamin , Hagendorfer Harald , Romanyuk Yaroslav E. , Burgert Ingo
Published: July 2016

One of the most significant limitations for a wider utilisation of the renewable and CO2-storing resource wood is its low ultraviolet (UV) light stability. The protection of the wood surface without altering its aesthetic appeal requires an optically transparent but UV protective coating which should be strongly attached to the rough and inhomogeneous substrate. For this purpose, ZnO nanostructures were deposited onto the wood surface via a chemical bath deposition process. The morphology of crystalline ZnO was controlled by aluminium nitrate or ammonium citrate in the growth step resulting in nanorod arrays or platelet structures, respectively. Detailed structural, chemical and mechanical characterisations as well as accelerated weathering exposure revealed the effective performance of the platelet structure, which formed a dense and thin ZnO coating on spruce. The total colour change (ΔE in the CIE system) was calculated to be 20.5 for unmodified wood, while it was about three for the modified samples after 4 weeks accelerated weathering test. Moreover, the ZnO coating also suppressed crack initiation and propagation indicating a substantial increase in durability.
2.5 Gbit/s Optical Receiver Front-End Circuit with High Sensitivity and Wide Dynamic Range
Authors: Zhu Tiezhu , Mo Taishan , Ye Tianchun
Published: July 2016

An optical receiver front-end circuit is designed for passive optical network and fabricated in a 0.18 um CMOS technology. The whole circuit consists of a transimpedance amplifier (TIA), a single-ended to differential amplifier and an output driver. The TIA employs a cascode stage as the input stage and auxiliary amplifier to reduce the miller effect. Current injecting technique is employed to enlarge the input transistor’s transconductance, optimize the noise performance and overcome the lack of voltage headroom. To achieve a wide dynamic range, an automatic gain control circuit with self-adaptive function is proposed. Experiment results show an optical sensitivity of –28 dBm for a bit error rate of 10
Heterocycle-based bifunctional organocatalysts in asymmetric synthesis
Authors: Nájera Carmen , Miguel Sansano José , Gómez-Bengoa Enrique
Published: July 2016

Different chiral bifunctional organocatalysts derived fromtrans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine bearing different types of guanidine units able to form-hydrogen bonding activation have been designed. Conformational rigid 2-aminobenzimidazoles bearing a tertiary amino group have been used in enantioselective Michael type reactions of activated methylene compounds to nitroalkenes. The C2symmetric bis(2-aminobenzimidazole) derivatives the appropriate organocatalyst for the conjugate addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to maleimides as well as for the SN1 reaction of benzylic alcohols with carbon nucleophiles. 2-Aminobenzimidazoles bearing a primary amino group have shown excellent catalytic activity in the Michael reaction of aldehydes to maleimides and nitroalkenes. Diastereomeric 2-aminopyrimidines bearing a prolinamide unit have been incorporated in thetrans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine scaffold and have been used for the inter- and intra-molecular direct aldol reaction under solvent-free conditions. For the Michael reaction of aldehydes with maleimides the primary amine 2-aminopyrimidine has shown excellent efficiency as organocatalyst. The bifunctional character of these organocatalysts has been demonstrated by means of DFT calculations.
A study on the effects of 532 nm continuous laser combined with photodynamic therapy versus 595 nm pulsed dye laser on a chicken comb model of vascular malformation
Authors: Wei Ming-Lei , Zhang Hai-Yan , Wang Pei-Ru , Wang Bo , Shi Lei , Zhang Guo-Long , Wang Xiu-Li
Published: July 2016

Objective:

To explore the effects of 532 nm continuous laser combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT) versus 595 nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) on a chicken comb model of vascular malformation.

Study design:

Ninety adult male chickens were divided into three groups (A, B and C). One comb side of the chickens was taken randomly as the treatment side, and the other side as the self-control side. Group A was irradiated once with a 532 nm continuous laser after a single intravenous injection of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME). In group B treatment side of combs was irradiated once with a 595 nm pulsed dye laser (PDL). In the control group C, the combs were treated neither with photosensitizer nor with irradiation.

Results:

Compared with the self-control sides, part of the treated combs were blanched after HMME-PDT while the histopathology showed an absence of erythrocytes and the vessel lumina were obliterated, leaving the normal overlying epidermis completely intact. At the same time selective destruction of the capillaries in the target area and obvious reduction of vascular vessel number were seen (p<0.01). In nine cases (30%) treatment was completely ineffective resulting in a total effective rate of 70% (21 cases). No scar formation was observed at all. After PDL treatment most of the treated combs were blanched while histopathology showed an absence of erythrocytes and the vessel lumina were obliterated, leaving the overlying epidermis with slight injuries and scabs. Here again, destruction of the capillaries in the target area and obvious reduction of vascular vessel number (p<0.01) were obtained. The total effective rate was 93% (28 cases); in two cases scars occurred. The combs of the control group showed no change compared with self-control sides (p>0.05).

Conclusion:

In the chicken comb model it was shown that both 532 nm HMME-PDT and 595 nm PDL treatment could damage capillaries in the superficial dermis of combs. The 532 nm HMME-PDT had fewer side effects compared with 595 nm PDL, but the inefficiency rate of 532 nm HMME-PDT group was higher than the 595 nm PDL group. No significant difference was observed in the macroscopic and histopathological results of both groups (p>0.05).
25 The Ethics of Whistleblowing
Authors: Hahn Henning
Published: July 2016

In this paper I outline a critical justification of the practice of political whistleblowing as exemplified by the case of Edward Snowden. At first, I argue that the question of justifiability cannot be settled with regard to absolutely binding principles such as special loyalties or the categorical duty to inform fellow citizens. What is required instead is the careful weighing of all relevant consequential and deontic reasons. However, this weighing process has to be publically justified. I will therefore turn to the theory of civil disobedience which provides us with two roots of public justification: widely accepted constitutional values and the primacy of public deliberation. In this view, political whistleblowing is to be seen as a special case of civil disobedience and can be justified along the lines of both liberal and republican approaches. However, in the end of the paper I will indicate that we have to transcend the state-based model of civil disobedience. Snowden’s acts of whistleblowing have a further cosmopolitan intention and need to be justified in terms of avant-garde principles of global justice.
Deep vein thrombosis, an unreported first manifestation of polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type III
Authors: Horsey M , Hogan P , Oliver T
Published: July 2016

A 71-year-old woman with severe right lower leg pain, edema and erythema was presented to the Emergency Department and was found to have an extensive deep vein thrombosis (DVT) confirmed by ultrasound. She underwent an extensive evaluation due to her prior history of malignancy and new hypercoagulable state, but no evidence of recurrent disease was detected. Further investigation revealed pernicious anemia (PA), confirmed by the presence of a macrocytic anemia (MCV=115.8fL/red cell, Hgb=9.0g/dL), decreased serum B12 levels (56pg/mL), with resultant increased methylmalonic acid (5303nmol/L) and hyperhomocysteinemia (131μmol/L), the presumed etiology of the DVT. The patient also suffered from autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), and both antithyroglobulin and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies were detected. She responded briskly to anticoagulation with heparin and coumadin and treatment of PA with intramuscular vitamin B12 injections. Our case suggests that a DVT secondary to hyperhomocystenemia may represent the first sign of polyglandular autoimmune syndrome III-B (PAS III-B), defined as the coexistent autoimmune conditions AITD and PA. It is important to recognize this clinical entity, as patients may not only require acute treatment with vitamin B12 supplementation and prolonged anticoagulation, as in this patient, but may also harbor other autoimmune diseases.

Learning points

A DVT can be the first physical manifestation of a polyglandular autoimmune syndrome.

Hyperhomocysteinemia secondary to pernicious anemia should be considered as an etiology of an unprovoked DVT in a euthyroid patient with autoimmune thyroid disease.

Patients with DVT secondary to hyperhomocysteinemia should undergo screening for the presence of co-existent autoimmune diseases in addition to treatment with B12 supplementation and anticoagulation to prevent recurrent thromboembolism.
Biochemical Activities and Genetic Functions of the Drosophila melanogaster Fancm Helicase in DNA Repair
Authors: Romero Noelle-Erin , Matson Steven W , Sekelsky Jeff
Published: July 2016

Repair of DNA damage is essential to the preservation of genomic stability. During repair of double-strand breaks, several helicases function to promote accurate repair and prevent the formation of crossovers through homologous recombination. Among these helicases is the Fanconi anemia group M (FANCM) protein. FANCM is important in the response to various types of DNA damage and has been suggested to prevent mitotic crossovers during double-strand break repair. The helicase activity of FANCM is believed to be important in these functions, but no helicase activity has been detected in vitro. We report here a genetic and biochemical study of Drosophila melanogaster Fancm. We show that purified Fancm is a 3ʹ to 5ʹ ATP-dependent helicase that can disassemble recombination intermediates, but only through limited lengths of duplex DNA. Using transgenic flies expressing full-length or truncated Fancm, each with either a wild-type or mutated helicase domain, we found that there are helicase-independent and C-terminal-independent functions in responding to DNA damage and in preventing mitotic crossovers.
Aspek Hukum Jaminan Fidusia
Authors: Yasir M.
Published: July 2016

Abstract:Fiduciary guaranty was originally based on jurisprudence, as it became necessary to create legal certainty in secured lending. The object of fiduciary guaranty is immovable property as well as immovable property that can not be burdened with hypotheek. A person may obtain a fiduciary guaranty, must be made a Fiduciary Guaranty Certificate in front of Notary, then registered to the Fiduciary Registration Office. A criminal under fiduciary guaranty may be imposed on a person who intentionally falsifies, alters, omits or in any way misleads, if it is known by one of the parties not to bear fiduciary guaranty.Keywords: Guaranty, Fiduciary, Law. Abstrak: Jaminan fidusia pada awalnya hanya didasarkan pada yurisprudensi, karena menjadi kebutuhan untuk dapat terciptanya kepastian hukum dalam pinjaman dengan jaminan. Obyeknya adalah barang-barang tidak bergerak, disamping barang tidak bergerak yang tidak dapat dibebani hipoteek. Seseorang dapat memperoleh jaminan fidusia, harus dibuatkan Akte Jaminan Fidusia di depan Notaris, selanjutnya didaftarkan ke Kantor Pendaftaran Fidusia. Pidana dalam Jaminan Fidusia dapat dijatuhkan kepada orang yang dengan sengaja memalsukan, mengubah, menghilangkan atau dengan cara apapun memberikan keterangan secara menyesatkan, yang jika hal tersebut diketahui oleh salah satu pihak tidak melahirkan jaminan Fidusia.Kata Kunci: Jaminan, Fidusia, Hukum
PIDANA TA’ZIR BAGI YANG TIDAK BERBUSANA ISLAMI DALAM QANUN NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2002
Authors: Safitri Ayu
Published: July 2016

Abstrak. Pidana Ta’zir Bagi Yang Tidak Berbusana Islami Dalam QanunNomor 11 Tahun 2002. Ta’zir merupakan hukum yang disyari’atkan atastindakan maksiat atau tindakan kejahatan lainnya yang tidak ada ketentuanhududnya atau kifaratnya. Kemaksiatan itu baik terhadap hak Allah, sepertiberbuka puasa di siang hari di bulan Ramadhan tanpa alasan yang diterima olehsyara', meninggalkan shalat wajib lima waktu, memakan riba, maupunkemaksiatan terhadap hak manusia, misalnya berpacaran yang tidak sampaiberzina farji, mencuri yang nilainya kurang dari satu nisab, suap-menyuap,menghianati amanat atau menuduh orang muslim yang saleh dengan tuduhanselain tuduhan zina atau menyakiti dan menggangunya dengan memukulnya atauucapanyaTa’zir adalah tindak pidana ringan seperti pelanggaran seksual yang tidaktermasuk zina, tuduhan berbuat kejahatan selain zina, pencurian yang nilainyatidak sampai satu nisab. Dalam pembahasan tindak pidana Ta’zir ruanglingkupnya adalah meliputi, jarimah hudud atau qishas-diyat yang terdapat syubhat, dialihkan ke sanksi Ta’zir, seperti orang tua mencuri harta anaknya tidak akandikenakan hukuman had potong tangan, jarimah hudud atau qishas-diyat yang tidakmemenuhi syarat akan dijatuhi sanksi Ta’zir. Contohnya pecobaaan pencurian,percobaan pembunuuhan, dan percobaan zina, jarimah yang ditentukan Alqurandan hadis, namun tidak ditentukan sanksinya. Misalnya penghinaan, tidakmelaksanakan amanah, saksi palsu, riba suap, dan pembalakan liar; dan jarimahyang ditentukan ulil amri untuk kemaslahatan umat, seperti penipuan,pencopetan, pornografi, dan pornoaksi, penyelundupan, pembajakan, humantrafficking, dan money laundering.Kata Kunci: Pidana Ta’zir, Berbusana Islami, DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v3i1.3311
Pemakzulan Kepala Daerah Di Era Otonomi Daerah Dalam Perspektif Politik dan Hukum; Analisis Kasus Prosesi Pemakzulan Bupati Garut Aceng Fikri
Authors: Aji Ahmad Mukri
Published: July 2016

Abstract:The existence of regional autonomy in addition to provide fresh air to the regions in the area of creativity development, also had a negative impact by generating a small kings in the area plenipotentiary to the territory of the region, both in terms of mastery of their natural wealth and resources local opinion. Political processions that happen to Garut Regent Aceng Fikri least caused by several factors including; not harmonious and the outbreak of the internally between Aceng Fikri as Regent and Dicky Chandra as vice regent, the discovery of cases of marital lightning conducted by Aceng Fikri with Fany Oktora, the serious attention of state officials on the case conducted by Aceng Fikri, the establishment of the Special Committee of Parliament and Garut parliament plenary session, and the breakdown of law and law and moral ethics by Aceng Fikri.Keywords: Impeachment, Regional Head, Political LawAbstrak: Adanya otonomi daerah selain memberikan angin segar bagi daerah dalam kreatifitas pembangunan daerah, juga memberikan dampak negatif dengan memunculkan raja-raja kecil di daerah yang berkuasa penuh terhadap wilayah daerah, baik dari sisi penguasaan kekayaan alam dan sumber pendapat daerah. Prosesi politik yang terjadi pada diri Bupati Garut, Aceng Fikri setidaknya disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor di antaranya; tidak harmonis dan pecahnya secara internal antara Aceng Fikri sebagai Bupati dan Dicky Chandra sebagai wakil bupati, terbongkarnya kasus perkawinan kilat yang dilakukan oleh Aceng Fikri dengan Fany Oktora, adanya perhatian serius dari para pejabat negara terhadap kasus yang dilakukan oleh Aceng Fikri, pembentukan Pansus DPRD dan sidang paripurna DPRD Garut, dan adanya pelanggaran hukum dan perundang-undangan serta etika moral oleh Aceng Fikri.  Kata Kunci: Pemakzulan, Kepala Daerah, Politik Hukum
Quality Measures to Assess Care Transitions for Hospitalized Children
Authors: Leyenaar JoAnna K. , Desai Arti D. , Burkhart Q. , Parast Layla , Roth Carol P. , McGalliard Julie , Marmet Jordan , Simon Tamara D. , Allshouse Carolyn , Britto Maria T. , Gidengil Courtney A. , Elliott Marc N. , McGlynn Elizabeth A. , Mangione-Smith Rita
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND:

Transitions between sites of care are inherent to all hospitalizations, yet we lack pediatric-specific transitions-of-care quality measures. We describe the development and validation of new transitions-of-care quality measures obtained from medical record data.

METHODS:

After an evidence review, a multistakeholder panel prioritized quality measures by using the RAND/University of California, Los Angeles modified Delphi method. Three measures were endorsed, operationalized, and field-tested at 3 children’s hospitals and 2 community hospitals: quality of hospital-to-home transition record content, timeliness of discharge communication between inpatient and outpatient providers, and ICU-to-floor transition note quality. Summary scores were calculated on a scale from 0 to 100; higher scores indicated better quality. We examined between-hospital variation in scores, associations of hospital-to-home transition quality scores with readmission and emergency department return visit rates, and associations of ICU-to-floor transition quality scores with ICU readmission and length of stay.

RESULTS:

A total of 927 charts from 5 hospitals were reviewed. Mean quality scores were 65.5 (SD 18.1) for the hospital-to-home transition record measure, 33.3 (SD 47.1) for the discharge communication measure, and 64.9 (SD 47.1) for the ICU-to-floor transition measure. The mean adjusted hospital-to-home transition summary score was 61.2 (SD 17.1), with significant variation in scores between hospitals (P < .001). Hospital-to-home transition quality scores were not associated with readmissions or emergency department return visits. ICU-to-floor transition note quality scores were not associated with ICU readmissions or hospital length of stay.

CONCLUSIONS:

These quality measures were feasible to implement in diverse settings and varied across hospitals. The development of these measures is an important step toward standardized evaluation of the quality of pediatric transitional care.
A checklist and assemblage comparison of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge in Oklahoma
Authors: Roeder Karl A. , Roeder Diane V.
Published: July 2016

We present a checklist of 47 ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge in Oklahoma, USA. Surveys conducted in 2015 recaptured 67% of all historically collected species and add 12 new county records including the new state records of Pheidole tetra and Solenopsis aurea. We demonstrate the importance of sampling multiple habitats for species inventories as forests and grasslands contained compositionally unique ant assemblages. We also report an absence of the invasive red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, at all sampling locations despite its occupation of the surrounding area and the southern half of the state. Combined, these results highlight the importance of protected land in conserving regional fauna and add to our understanding of the biodiversity in Oklahoma.
Effectiveness of Herbicides for Control of Common Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) in Corn and Soybean
Authors: Patches Kelly M. , Curran William S. , Lingenfelter Dwight D.
Published: July 2016

Common pokeweed is a competitive, simple perennial broadleaf weed that produces abundant seed, making it a frequent problem in agronomic crops in Pennsylvania. Traditionally, tillage was used to manage pokeweed; however, the wide-spread adoption of no-till, as well as a decline in the use of diverse crop rotations and soil-residual herbicides, may have allowed pokeweed populations to increase in recent years. The objective of this research was to identify effective herbicides for control of common pokeweed in corn and soybean. Herbicide efficacy experiments were conducted in separate locations from 2011 to 2013 to determine the effectiveness of POST corn and soybean herbicides for control of pokeweed. Glyphosate-resistant corn and soybean varieties were used and several herbicides were evaluated alone and in combination. The results from this work show that glyphosate is an important herbicide for successful control of pokeweed in soybean. When glyphosate was included, 79 to 91% control was achieved, while for treatments not containing glyphosate, control was not greater than 62%. In corn, several non-glyphosate herbicides, including 2,4-D, dicamba, and mesotrione plus atrazine, are options in addition to glyphosate for controlling pokeweed. Most corn treatments provided at least 80% control throughout the season and significantly reduced common pokeweed biomass compared to the nontreated control. In the year after application, pokeweed control was found to be similar to the results from the previous fall in both corn and soybean.
A Logistic Normal Mixture Model for Compositional Data Allowing Essential Zeros
Authors: Bear John , Billheimer Dean
Published: July 2016

The usual candidate distributions for modeling compositions, the Dirichlet and the logistic normal distribution, do not include zero components in their support. Methods have been developed and refined for dealing with zeros that are rounded, or due to a value being below a detection level. Methods have also been developed for zeros in compositions arising from count data. However, essential zeros, cases where a component is truly absent, in continuous compositions are still a problem.The most promising approach is based on extending the logistic normal distribution to model essential zeros using a mixture of additive logistic normal distributions of different dimension, related by common parameters. We continue this approach, and by imposing an additional constraint, develop a likelihood, and show ways of estimating parameters for location and dispersion. The proposed likelihood, conditional on parameters for the probability of zeros, is a mixture of additive logistic normal distributions of different dimensions whose location and dispersion parameters are projections of a common location or dispersion parameter. For some simple special cases, we contrast the relative efficiency of different location estimators.
The Mathematics of Compositional Analysis
Authors: Barcelo-Vidal Carles , Martín-Fernández Josep-Antoni
Published: July 2016

The term compositional data analysis is historically associated to the approach based on the logratio transformations introduced in the eighties. Two main principles of this methodology are scale invariance and subcompositional coherence. New developments and concepts emerged in the last decade revealed the need to clarify the concepts of compositions, compositional sample space and subcomposition. In this work the mathematics of compositional analysis based on equivalence relation is presented. The two principles are essential attributes of the corresponding quotient space. A logarithmic isomorphism between quotient spaces induces a metric space structure for compositions. Using this structure, the statistical analysis of compositions consists of analysing logratio coordinates.
Herrera y Cervantes frente al mito de Ícaro en la poesía cancioneril
Authors: Trabado Cabado José Manuel
Published: July 2016

The aim of this paper is the study of the device used by Herrera in order to introduce the myth of Icarus within the usual verse pattems of the cancioneril tradition, in which the use of mythology is most uncommon. To make this introduction possible, Herrera deftly manipulates several elements of XV century poetry such as boldness, fire, death, the lover identified with light, etc., which, added to the experience of Italian Petrarchists, allow him to make a series of allusions to the myth of the bold young, man. With this, we try to show a link between the poetry of Italian influence and the Castilian poetic tradition. Finally, the comparison of Herrera's texts with a poem from La Galatea provides a meaningful epilogue for a contrast of attitudes and procedures
El "Decamerón" tras el "Curial e Güelfa"
Authors: Boutiña Jiménez Julia
Published: July 2016

After some brief theoretical notes on the introduction by the prehumists, on the new techniques of the sources, the presence ofDecameron is followed by the text of the Catalan novel Curial e Güelfa. In book II you can see this in two passages relating to the idea of honour, whilst two Decameronic tales about King Peter the Great practically form book III. The autor, in the same style as Petrarch (and Bernat Metge) by means of the Boccaccio texts gives a turn to Bocccaccio's love moral. The last tale (viiX), based on recognition, seems to reveal that it is a novel written in code, with the intention of moving certain readers towards the behaviour which the main characters illustrate. This serves as heroic example in the lovetheme, agreeing with the ethic which marks an initial Petrarchist reference and which is supported by the classics.
Lógica e Sistêmica
Authors: Feitosa Hércules De Araújo
Published: July 2016

Destaca os conceitos de sistema e sistemas complexos e como tais sistemas foram vistos a partir de uma visão de sistêmica. Então, procura destacar aspectos que podem ser descritos em modelos dados por estruturas matemáticas e as relações entre os sistemas, os seus modelos e o ambiente lógico em que tais modelos podem ser descritos, as teorias.
O Limite Qualitativo de Modelos Quantitativos
Authors: Pessoa Junior Osvaldo Frota
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo discute a limitação qualitativa de modelos matemáticos e computacionais. Por “qualitativo” entende-se não uma descrição linguística fuzzy ou sem o uso de matemática, mas sim a vivência de qualidades subjetivas e a extensão deste conceito para a materialidade das coisas, em oposição à suas relações estruturais. Explora-se didaticamente o “espectro funcionalista”, em que diferentes posições filosóficas a respeito da natureza da consciência são apresentadas. Esta análise opõe, de um lado, as visões comportamentalistas, funcionalistas e mecanicistas, e de outro, as concepções mentalistas, substancialistas e qualitatistas. Mapeiam-se assim diferentes respostas à pergunta de se uma máquina pode ser consciente.
Towards a Philosophy of Human Technology: Outlook on cognitive enhancements in Avatar/ Virtual Reality schizophrenia therapy
Authors: Gerner Alexander
Published: July 2016

This article hinges on a complex and interdisciplinary field of study named “Philosophy of Human Technology” in which a first non-exhaustive map of ethical, legal and social, technological issues is presented: Technologies constitute, magnify, amplify human experiences, but can also enslave or put human experience and life at risk for example what concerns the right to a “private Life”. The second part of this paper proposes to think three possible interfaces of the topic of Human Cognitive Enhancement. Firstly the Body-electronic interface such as in the organ-on a chip simulation of an externalized human organ function, secondly the optogenetic and general genetic “editing” interface in which new technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 open up questions for the future of human beings and our self-determination. Third -and more explicitly- the virtual-immersive interface, exemplified by cognitive enhancement by Avatar schizophrenia therapy and uncanny valley effects of digital body doubles will be introduced. The classic rubber-hand illusion had brought new insights into the plasticity of the body- image and the embodiment of the self, by underlining the strong influence of exteroception for the transformation of the bodily self. We will follow these thoughts on Avatar enhancements in schizophrenia therapy and scrutinize as well research ethical issues. Finally a short outlook on the question of two different types of technological detachment in tension in a Philosophy of Human Technology in which Cognitive Enhancement technologies are subjected to two types of technological detachments a) material/somatic substitution and b) detachment as a topos of independence and autonomy is hinted on.
The Nagoya Protocol and Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Teran Maria Yolanda
Published: July 2016

This article is about Indigenous peoples’ involvement in the Nagoya Protocol negotiations from 2006 to 2010, as well as in its implementation to stop biopiracy in order to protect Pachamama, Mother Earth, and to ensure our survival and the survival of coming generations. The Nagoya Protocol is an international instrument that was adopted in Nagoya, Japan in October 2010 by the Conference of Parties (COP 10) and ratified by 51 countries in Pyeongchang, South Korea in October 2014 at COP 12. This protocol governs access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their utilization (access and benefit sharing [ABS]). It has several articles related to Indigenous peoples and traditional knowledge, as well as: The interrelation and inseparable nature between genetic resources and traditional knowledge; The diversity of circumstances surrounding traditional knowledge ownership, including by country; The identification of traditional knowledge owners; The declaration of Indigenous peoples' human rights; and The role of women in the biodiversity process. In addition, this protocol lays out obligations on access, specifically participation in equitable benefit sharing, the accomplishment of prior and informed consent, and the mutually agreed terms and elaboration of a national legal ABS framework with the participation of Indigenous peoples and local communities in order to have well-defined roles, responsibilities, and times of negotiations.
El rol de las Cortes y la protección de la democracia: una aproximación desde regímenes transicionales
Authors: Benítez R. Vicente F. , González H. Germán A.
Published: July 2016

Este artículo explora los factores institucionales y políticos que permiten o impiden la consolidación de un Tribunal Constitucional en democracias en transición como la colombiana y la venezolana. Estas democracias, a su turno, son susceptibles de ser víctimas de intentos de constitucionalismo abusivo por parte de ejecutivos poderosos, fenómeno típico de democracias jóvenes. Este escrito analiza casos constitucionales exitosos y fracasados de Europa Central, Asia y Latinoamérica para efectos de identificar cuáles factores propician o frenan la posibilidad de un control de constitucionalidad efectivo en nuevas democracias. El artículo concluye que aspectos tales como la independencia judicial, la separación de los poderes, el prestigio de las Cortes y la deferencia judicial hacia otras ramas son cruciales para identificar si un Tribunal será exitoso.
El modelo ecológico alternativo latinoamericanoentre protección del derecho humano al medio ambiente y reconocimiento de los derechos de la naturaleza
Authors: Esborraz David Fabio
Published: July 2016

La preocupación del derecho latinoamericano por la “cuestión ambiental”, que reconoce sus antecedentes en la “demanialización de los recursos naturales” por parte del “constitucionalismo social”, cobra impulso a causa del desarrollo del “derecho ambiental internacional” y se intensifica con el advenimiento del denominado “nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano” y el desenvolvimiento de un verdadero “constitucionalismo ambiental” que reconoce ampliamente el derecho humano a un medio ambiente adecuado y sostenible. Esto, sin embargo, no ha logrado evitar del todo la depredación de la naturaleza, en atención a que ese derecho sigue respondiendo a una concepción marcadamente “antropocéntrica”; de ahí que el denominado “nuevo constitucionalismo andino”, retomando la cosmovisión de los pueblos originarios de América Latina, ha propuesto reconocer directamente a la naturaleza el carácter de sujeto de derecho y completar este cambio de paradigma con la adopción de un modelo de desarrollo alternativo fundado en el principio ético-moral amerindio del “buen vivir”/“vivir bien”.
GRAMSCI, ESCOLA UNITÁRIA E A FORMAÇÃO HUMANA
Authors: Zen Eliesér Toretta , Melo Douglas Christian Ferrari de
Published: July 2016

O artigo tem como escopo refletir, do ponto de vista teórico, sobre a formação humana a partir da vida e obra do pensador italiano, Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937). Nesse sentido, objetiva abordar algumas categorias filosóficas de sua práxis político-pedagógica, entre elas, escola unitária, hegemonia e onilateralidade, como expressões de uma concepção teórica e política de um projeto socialista de sociedade e de ser humano. Nessa perspectiva, a escola unitária, ao integrar de forma dialética trabalho manual e intelectual, a dimensão técnica e política, autonomia intelectual e moral, conforma-se em princípio educativo do processo de formação humana. E, por fim, inaugura um autêntico humanismo em que o ser humano é compreendido como o conjunto das relações sociais, um ser concreto e histórico, um devir humano-social. Palavras-chave: Gramsci. Escola unitária. Formação humana. GRAMSCI, UNITARY SCHOOL AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Abstract: The scope of this article is to reflect from the theoretical point of view about the human formation on the basis of Antonio Gramsci's life and work (1891-1937). In this way, this text  aims to address some philosophical categories of this Italian thinker's  political and pedagogical praxis, such as Unitarian school,  hegemony and  omnilaterality. These expressions are instruments to build a political and theoretical conception of a socialist project of society and human being. On this perspective, the unitarian school, by integrating in a dialectic way the manual and intelectual job, the technical and political dimensions, the moral and intelectual autonomy, conforms it, in an educational principle of human's formation process. And finally, he inaugurates a authentic humanism in which human being is understood as a group of social relations, a be concrete and historical, a becoming social and human. Keywords: Gramsci. Unitarian school. Human Formation. GRAMSCI, ESCUELA UNITÁRIA Y FORMACIÓN HUMANAResumen: El artículo tiene como alcance reflejar desde el punto de vista teórico de la formación humana de la vida y el trabajo del pensador italiano Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937). En este sentido, tiene como objetivo hacer frente a algunas categorías filosóficas de su praxis político-pedagógica, entre ellos, la escuela unitaria, hegemonía y onilateralidade, como expresión de una concepción teórica y política de un proyecto socialista de la sociedad y del ser humano. Desde esta perspectiva, la escuela unitaria, mediante la integración del trabajo manual e intelectual dialécticamente, la dimensión técnica y política, autonomía intelectual y moral, se ajusta en principio educativo del proceso de desarrollo humano. Por último, inaugura un auténtico humanismo en el que el ser humano se entiende como un conjunto de relaciones sociales, un ser concreto y de la historia, convirtiéndose en un ser humano-social. Palabras clave: Gramsci. Escuela de unidad. Formación humana.
Productivity and profitability of maize (Zea mays) as influenced by intercropping of rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris) and nutrient management techniques under sub-alpine conditions of Jammu, India
Authors: Kour* Manpreet , Thakur1 N.P. , Kumar2 Purshotam , Charak3 A.S.
Published: July 2016

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2011 and 2012 at Sartangal to study the effect of intercropping and nutrient management on productivity and profitability of cultivating maize under sub-alpine conditions of Jammu. The inter-cropping systems were sole maize, sole rajmash, maize + rajmash in a 1:1 row (1 rows of maize alternating with 1 row of rajmash) and maize + rajmash in 2:1 row (2 rows of maize alternating with 1 row of rajmash). The nutrient management treatments were, T1 =control (no fertility), T2 = 100% NPK (RDF, recommended dose of fertilizers), T3 = 75% RDF + 25% N through farmyard manure (FYM) and T4=50% RDF + 50% N (FYM). Among cropping system maize + rajmash (1:1) produced highest maize grain equivalent yield (MEY, 7772 kg ha-1), net returns (INR 52190 ha-1), B:C ratio (1.81), land equivalent ratio (LER, 1.40) and area time equivalent ratio (ATER, 1.38). Whereas among nutrient management techniques, 75% RDF + 25% N (FYM) produced highest MEY (7681 kg ha-1), net returns (INR 52585 ha-1) and B:C ratio of 1.88 with highest LER (1.36) and ATER (1.33).
Screening for drought tolerance in mungbean
Authors: Prakash* M. , Sunilkumar B. , Sathiyanarayanan G. , Gokulakrishnan J.
Published: July 2016

Field experiments were conducted to screen the mungbean genotypes based on root characters and root penetration ability. Observations on root and shoot characters viz., root length, shoot length, number of roots, root diameter, fresh weight of root, fresh weight of shoot, dry weight of root, dry weight of shoot, root volume, growth and yield parameters viz., plant height, number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, seed yield per plant were recorded. Based on the root characters, the genotypes HUM 1, VMGG 67, VMGG 82, VMGG 83 and VMGG 90 were found to be promising. They also performed well in the field experiments. These genotypes were crossed with high yielding varieties like VBN 1, VBN 2, VBN 3 and KM 2 to get F1.Among the 20 crosses obtained, three crosses VMGG-83/VBN 2, VMGG-90/VBN 3 and VMGG-83/VBN 1 were found to perform well in F2 and they will be forwarded to next generation.
Repositório de Conteúdo Digital: uma biblioteca da história da educação matemática
Authors: Ramos Bruna Lima , Frizzarini Claudia Regina Boen , Trindade Deoclecia De Andrade
Published: July 2016

Esse artigo tem o intuito de divulgar o armazenamento, preservação, difusão e usos de documentos e materiais relevantes à história da educação matemática, entre o período de 1890 e 1970, a partir do Repositório de Conteúdo Digital da História da Educação Matemática, uma biblioteca digital idealizada, produzida e mantida por integrantes do GHEMAT – Grupo de Pesquisa em História da Educação Matemática no Brasil, que desde sua criação em 2000, atua no desenvolvimento coletivo de projetos temáticos de pesquisa sobre educação matemática com a participação de pesquisadores de diversos estados e universidades brasileiras. Esse Repositório constitui-se um espaço virtual para alocação de documentos digitalizados, inserido no sítio da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, a manutenção atual do Repositório veicula-se pelo projeto “A constituição dos saberes elementares matemáticos: a Aritmética, a Geometria e o Desenho no curso primário em perspectiva histórico-comparativa, 1890-1970” coordenado pelo Prof. Dr. Wagner Rodrigues Valente e financiado pelo CNPq. Resultados de pesquisas realizadas a partir dos documentos postos no Repositório possibilitam debates, de nível nacional, evidenciados pelas produções obtidas de alguns Seminários Temáticos do GHEMAT, cada Seminário resultou na elaboração de um livro. Desse modo podemos inferir que os estudos por meio dos documentos do Repositório proporcionam a escrita e divulgação de características da escola primária em tempos passados, seja de elementos da sua constituição, organização, espaço, seja referente ao ensino de saberes matemáticos, métodos de ensino, orientações pedagógicas e finalidades de ensino.
“Quem vive de presente é o museu”: a dinâmica do Memorial do Colégio Farroupilha de Porto Alegre/RS
Authors: Jacques Alice Rigoni , Castro Gabriela Mathias de
Published: July 2016

Resumo: O artigo analisa o Memorial do Colégio Farroupilha, um museu escolar, localizado no Colégio Farroupilha em Porto Alegre/RS, criado em 2002, com o objetivo de salvaguardar o patrimônio histórico-escolar da instituição e de sua mantenedora - a Associação Beneficente Educacional (ABE – 1858), fundada por imigrantes alemães há mais de 150 anos. O acervo do Memorial é composto por uniformes, cadernos, fotografias, entre outros tantos documentos. Este estudo procura apresentar a dinâmica do Memorial, entre documentos e atividades, visando descontruir a ideia de que o museu é um local estagnado, reduto de coleções, dispostas apenas à contemplação. Abordaremos as investigações históricas suscitadas a partir da problematização do acervo, bem como as atividades didáticas e de pesquisas realizadas no espaço.
Breve Centenário: Um dia no arquivo histórico da Escola Estadual “Culto à Ciência”
Authors: Góes Junior Edson , Paschoal Matheus Rosa , Cason Silvia Regina
Published: July 2016

Breve centenário, diferentemente dos centenários de fatos magníficos, grandes e marcantes eventos da História, este, ao qual se refere neste texto, foi breve, em sua duração de apenas algumas horas comemoradas, referentes ao período de trabalho da equipe no arquivo histórico da EE “Culto à Ciência” de Campinas. Horas, entretanto, de grande significado e emoção aos seus participantes.
Network Analysis of Open Innovation
Authors: Yun JinHyo Joseph , Jeong EuiSeob , Park JinSeu
Published: July 2016

The way people innovate and create new ideas and bring them to the market is undergoing a fundamental change from closed innovation to open innovation. Why and how do firms perform open innovation? Firms’ open innovation is measured through the levels of firms’ joint patent applications. Next, we analyze network structures and characters of firms’ joint patent applications such as betweenness and degree centrality, structure hole, and closure. From this research, we drew four conclusions. First, the structure of collaboration networks has both direct and indirect effects on firms’ innovative performance. Second, in the process of joint patent applications, there is a long tail phenomenon in networks of joint patent applications. Third, the number of patents and IPC subclasses together constitute a meaningful measure of the innovation performance of firms.
Comparative Study of Growth and Reproduction of Earthworm Eudrilus Eugeniae in Different Organic Substrate
Authors: Sonia V. , Felix S. , Antony Cheryl
Published: July 2016

Utilization of Bio-methanated Distillery Effluent (Spent Wash) as a potential substrate in vermiculture of Eudrilus eugeniae was studied at Advanced Research Farm Facility (ARFF) of Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Madhavaram campus. The biological parameters of earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae were recorded when reared in different vermibeds treated with domestic waste (DW), crude spent wash (CSW) and diluted spent wash (DSW). Cow dung (CD) and leaf litter (LL) were used as base substrate material in all treatments. The experiment was conducted in perforated trays (45 x 30 x 10 cm) for a period of 10 weeks, in duplicates. Four number of non-clitellated adults (950-1025mg live weight) were introduced in each experimental unit. The experiment was conducted at an ambient temperature of 28-30°C. Growth parameters such as mean individual live weight, maximum individual growth rate (mg/worm/day), total biomass gain; reproductive performance indicators such as number of cocoons, reproduction rate (cocoon/worm/day) and hatching viability were significantly higher in vermibed treated with diluted spent wash. Mortality and growth retardation was observed in the vermibed treated with crude spent wash. To conclude, appropriately diluted spent wash can be used as a potential substrate in the vermiculture operation of Eudrilus eugeniae. 
The Glorious Days of Silk Trade in Malda District and Its Legacy
Authors: Simlandy Sagar
Published: July 2016

With its glorious traditional identity of Malda as a district is associated with the history of India for ages past. Malda is famous for its silk which claims credit for its familiarity in the whole India. Kautilya stated its glory in his ‘Arthosastha’. This sericulture has got its extreme in the district of Malda in the Ancient and Mediaeval times but it loses the glory due to Industrial Revolution in England. The East India Company has exported the Muslin of Malda in the entire World and made high profit that time. But the employer i.e.  East India Company deprived the weavers of Malda in many forms to extract a high profit in silk trade. Eventually the weaver left the profession. As a result the production of Muslin was drastically reduced. Despite this deprivation and oppression, many weavers were engaged in that profession.  Muslin weavers tried their best to make their product familiar throughout the country and outside the country. But they failed due to atrocities of the English East India Company. The Muslin was so famous that if it got its due patronage then it could be the forerunner of Industrial Revolution in India. Instead England got the Industrial Revolution in the Textile industry. The Article tries to emphasise the point and tries to explain reason behind it.
Airborne Remote-Sensing Technologies Detect, Quantify Hydrocarbon Releases
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: July 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper OTC 25984, “Crosscutting Airborne Remote-Sensing Technologies for Oil and Gas and Earth Science Applications,” by A.D. Aubrey, C. Frankenberg, R.O. Green, M.L. Eastwood, and D.R. Thompson, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and A.K. Thorpe, University of California, Santa Barbara, prepared for the 2015 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 4–7 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Airborne imaging spectroscopy has evolved dramatically since the 1980s as a robust remote-sensing technique used to generate 2D maps of surface properties over large areas. Two recent applications are particularly relevant to the needs of the oil and gas sector and government: quantification of surficial hydrocarbon thickness in aquatic environments and mapping atmospheric greenhouse-gas components. These techniques provide valuable capabilities for monitoring petroleum seepage and for detection and quantification of fugitive emissions.

Introduction

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) federally funded research-and-development center operated by the California Institute of Technology, has been a pioneer in optical remote sensing since the 1980s. JPL capabilities include expertise across all project phases, including sensor design and construction, airborne experiment execution, and data generation driven by science and customer needs. JPL has particular expertise in imaging spectroscopy, a passive method to interrogate objects or surfaces without physical contact. Such remote sensing has traditionally been applied to investigation of surface composition in terrestrial environments. These surface compositions are characterized by use of a spectral library that includes the surface-reflectance or emissivity fingerprints of constituent materials. Airborne imaging spectrometers provide a powerful method to survey wide spatial extents with high-performance surface characterization because of the wide contiguous spectral range at moderate spectral resolution. Novel quantitative methods have emerged recently for both atmospheric gases and surficial oil on water.