bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attitudes toward the right to autonomous decision‐making in psychiatric genetic testing: Controversial and context‐dependent
Authors: Strohmaier Jana , Witt Stephanie H. , Frank Josef , Lemme Noemi , Flatau Laura , Streit Fabian , Foo Jerome C. , Reitt Markus , Rujescu Dan , Schulze Thomas G. , Lanzerath Dirk , Illes Franciska , Degenhardt Franziska , Rietschel Marcella
Published: March 2019

Recent breakthroughs in psychiatric genetics have identified genetic risk factors of yet unknown clinical value. A main ethical principal in the context of psychiatric research as well as future clinical genetic testing is the respect for a person's autonomy to decide whether to undergo genetic testing, and whom to grant access to genetic data. However, experience within the psychiatric genetic research setting has indicated controversies surrounding attitudes toward this ethical principal. This study aimed to explore attitudes concerning the right of individuals to self‐determine testing and disclosure of results, and to determine whether these attitudes are context‐dependent, that is, not directly related to the test result but rather to specific circumstances. N = 160 individuals with major depression or bipolar disorder and n = 29 relatives of individuals with either illness completed an online‐questionnaire assessing attitudes toward genetic testing, genetic research, disclosure of results, incidental findings, and access to psychiatric genetic test results. Generally, the right of the person's autonomy was considered very important, but attitudes varied. For example, half of those who considered that children should have the right to refuse psychiatric genetic testing even against their parents' will, also state that they should be tested upon their parents' wishes. Also, the majority of respondents considered the physician entitled to disregard their stated wishes concerning the disclosure of incidental findings in case of good treatment options. Thus, researchers and clinicians must be aware that attitudes toward psychiatric genetic testing are often mutable and should discuss these prior to testing.
Successful support by veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe septic shock caused by Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Ishida Takuto , Miyazaki Kazuki , Hikone Mayu , Sugiyama Kazuhiro , Tanabe Takahiro , Hamabe Yuichi
Published: March 2019

Background

Septic shock is a subset of sepsis accompanied by profound circulatory and cellular metabolism abnormalities. Although veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) can provide temporary cardiac support to improve organ perfusion, hemodynamic support by VA‐ECMO for adult patients with septic shock is still controversial.

Case presentation

A 67‐year‐old man was transferred to our hospital with generalized weakness. He suffered septic shock refractory to vasopressors and inotropes, and his cardiac function deteriorated rapidly. Because of concern for sudden cardiac arrest, he was placed on VA‐ECMO 9 h after his arrival. Blood culture was positive for Aeromonas hydrophila. He was weaned off VA‐ECMO on day 7 and was discharged without any sequelae on day 30.

Conclusion

Veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a viable treatment option for adult patients with refractory septic shock accompanied by cardiac dysfunction. Further research is warranted to identify the candidates for support by VA‐ECMO in a timely fashion.
New diorganotin(IV) complexes of Schiff base derived from 4‐amino‐3‐hydrazino‐5‐mercapto‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole: Synthesis, structural characterization, density functional theory studies, atoms‐in‐molecules analysis and antifungal activity
Authors: Joshi Rachana , Kumari Ankita , Singh Karuna , Mishra Hirdyesh , Pokharia Sandeep
Published: March 2019

New diorganotin(IV) complexes of a Schiff base (HL) having general formula R2Sn(L)Cl (where L is the monoanion of HL and R = n‐Bu or Ph) have been synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, infrared, NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) and UV–visible spectroscopies and mass spectrometry. These investigations suggest that in these 1:1 monomeric derivatives the Schiff base ligand acts in a monoanionic bidentate manner coordinating through the Ophenolic and Nazomethine, with proposed distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry around tin with Ophenolic and two organic groups in the equatorial plane and the Nazomethine and the third organic group in axial positions. The proposed structures have been validated by density functional theory (DFT)‐based quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p)/Def2‐SVP (Sn) level of theory. The simulated UV–visible spectrum was obtained with the time‐dependent DFT method in the gas phase and in the solvent field with the integral equation formalism–polarizable continuum model. A comparative analysis of the experimental vibrational frequencies and simulated harmonic frequencies indicates a good correlation between them. An insight into the intramolecular bonding and interactions among bonds in organotin(IV) complexes of HL was obtained by means of natural bond orbital analysis. The topological and energetic properties of the electron density distribution for the tin–ligand interaction in R2Sn(L)Cl have been theoretically calculated at the bonds around the central tin atom in terms of atoms‐in‐molecules theory. The R2Sn(L)Cl complexes were screened for their in vitro antifungal activity against chosen fungal strains.
Unusual coordination mode of aroyl/acyl thiourea ligands and their π‐arene ruthenium (II) piano‐stool complexes: Synthesis, molecular geometry, theoretical studies and biological applications
Authors: Gandhaveeti Rohini , Konakanchi Ramaiah , Jyothi Prashanth , Bhuvanesh Nattami S. P. , Anandaram Sreekanth
Published: March 2019

Two mononuclear ruthenium complexes (1 and 2) with aroyl/acylthiourea as an ancillary ligand of type, [(η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl(L‐N,S)], where [L1 = 2,4‐dichloro‐N‐(o‐tolylcarbamothioyl)benzamide] and L2 = N‐(phenylcarbamothioyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide] were synthesized and well characterized. The single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies revealed the coordination mode and the geometry of the complexes. The two complexes adopted general piano‐stool (three‐legged) geometry with a novel coordination mode of aroyl/acylthiourea through amide N (anionic) and thiocarbonyl S (neutral). This type of monobasic bidentate coordination of the aroyl/acylthiourea ligand was witnessed the first time around the metal ion. The coordination of the complexes was well explained through geometric parameters and frontier molecular orbital parameter values computed at the B3LYP/SDD level. The synthesized complexes were also screened for their antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and in vitro antiproliferative activities. Complexes exhibited good antimicrobial agents against various pathogens. The antioxidant activity of the complex 2 has shown most potent activity with IC50 value of 48.55 ± 1.7 μM compared to the reference drug. In addition, the in vitro antiproliferative activity of the complex 2 showed excellent activity against HepG‐2 cell line with the IC50 value of 24.30 ± 1.20 μM which is close to Doxorubicin standard drug.
The existence and exponential stability of periodic solution for impulsive delay differential equations
Authors: Lin Yusen , Pu Xiaoqin , Li Dingshi
Published: March 2019

In this work, we first establish a new generalized Halanay inequality with impulses, which have two advantages: one is that impulses can be applied to stabilize the unstable continuous system, the other is that the requirements on the coefficients of inequality are more relaxed than those in previous works. Then, by using the inequality and Banach fixed point theorem, we will obtain some sufficient conditions ensuring the existence and exponential stability of periodic solution for impulsive delay differential equations. The sufficient conditions are easily checked in practice and have a wider adaptive range. Some examples are given to illustrate our results.
Double trapper technique: A novel technique to facilitate retrograde wire externalization in aorto‐ostial chronic total occlusion intervention without using snare
Authors: Chan Chi Yuen , Chan Yu Ho
Published: March 2019

Chronic total occlusion (CTO) remains a technical challenge for the interventional cardiologists. The application of the retrograde approach has dramatically improved success rates of CTO PCI. However, retrograde wire externalization could be very difficult especially when the antegrade guiding catheter cannot sit into the coronary ostium stably. We report a novel technique to facilitate retrograde wire externalization in aorto‐ostial chronic total occlusion intervention without using snare.
Electrocatalytic Evaluation of Highly Stable Pt/ZrO2 Electrocatalysts for the Methanol Oxidation Reaction Synthesized Without the Assistance of Any Carbon Support
Authors: Aguilar‐Vallejo Angélica , Álvarez‐Contreras Lorena , Guerra‐Balcázar Minerva , Ledesma‐García Janet , Gerardo Arriaga Luis , Arjona Noé , Rivas Sandra
Published: March 2019

Zirconium oxide has been proposed as an alternative to carbon supports due to its high electrochemical stability at high electrode potential values. However, its low electrical conductivity has limited its use. In this work, we successfully overcome this issue by synthesizing Pt electrocatalysts directly on ZrO2 supports. The ZrO2 supports were obtained through a sol‐gel method at 350 °C (ZrO2‐350) and 500 °C (ZrO2‐500) calcination temperatures, obtaining surface areas of 82 and 92 m2 g−1 and crystalline phases corresponding to the tetragonal and mixture of tetragonal and monoclinic phases, respectively. Pt nanoparticles synthesized directly on ZrO2 had particle sizes of 3.0±0.3 nm and 6.0±0.8 nm for Pt/ZrO2‐350 and Pt/ZrO2‐500, respectively. Pt/ZrO2‐350 and Pt/ZrO2‐500 presented similar onset potentials (−0.34 V and −0.33 V) and current densities (249.3 mA mg−1 and 255.8 mA mg−1) than a commercial Pt/C (−0.39 V, 277.5 mA mg−1) during the electro‐oxidation of 2 M methanol in alkaline medium. Regarding catalyst stability, Pt/ZrO2‐500 kept 96 % of its initial current after 500 cycles, while Pt/C maintained 49 % of its initial current.
Single Lithium‐ion Solid Conductors Based on Tetrazolate Anion and −Si−O− Species with Polyethylene Glycol Chains
Authors: Fei Yuqing , Liu Shimin , Long Yan , Lu Liujin , He Yude , Ma Xiangyuan , Deng Youquan
Published: March 2019

New organic‐inorganic hybrid single lithium‐ion (Li+) conductors (SLICs) based on tetrazolate anion and −Si−O− species with polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains were developed using isocyanate as interim connection. The key design strategy is that the longer and freely movable wirelike PEG chain can improve Li+ transfer in the presence of a high charge delocalized tetrazolate anion, and the −Si−O− species might improve the interfacial stability at the Li anode. FTIR, solid‐state NMR, XPS, XRD, BET, TGA, and DSC experiments were performed and the electrochemical properties were tested. The chemical structure and basic physicochemical properties were confirmed and revealed preliminarily. At 30 °C, a high enough conductivity (3.3×10−6 S cm−1), Li+ transference number (0.86), and wide electrochemical window (4.5 V) were obtained from the pure SLIC based on PEG with molecular weight of 600 g mol−1. Besides, the developed SLICs displayed good interfacial compatibility with the Li metal electrode, as expected.
Shadow Boxes – Erkenntnisse aus technischen Untersuchungen und internationalen Projekten
Authors: Arztmann Daniel
Published: March 2019

Im opaken Bereich moderner Glasfassaden spielt die so genannte “Shadow Box” eine besondere Rolle. Von Architekten ästhetisch oft gewollt, stellt sie den Ingenieur und Fachplaner auf Grund ihrer Komplexität häufig vor besondere Herausforderungen. Um die Wirkweise von “Shadow Boxen” zu analysieren, wurden in einem Forschungsprojekt mehrere Prüfmuster erstellt und mit Sensoren zur Messung von Temperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit ausgestattet. Die Prüfungen wurden teilweise im Labor mit künstlichem Sonnenlicht und teilweise im Außentestfeld unter realen Bedingungen getestet. Die experimentellen Untersuchungen lieferten Erkenntnisse, insbesondere zur Wärmeentwicklung und ‐verteilung in unterschiedlichen “Shadow Box”‐Varianten, die in einem darauffolgenden Schritt zur Entwicklung eines digitalen Simulationstools zur Bewertung von “Shadow‐Box”‐Konstruktionen im Projektfall genutzt wurden.
Die CEN‐TS “Design of Glass Structures” als Vornorm für den Eurocode
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Di Biase Pietro
Published: March 2019

Im Rahmen der Erstellung einer zweiten Generation von bereits bestehenden Eurocodes intensivieren sich die Arbeiten für einen neuen Eurocode für tragende Glasbauteile. Das Besondere hierbei ist, dass der Eurocode 10 “Design of Glass Structures” ohne eine Vorgängernorm, sozusagen vom weißen Blatt, neu zu entwerfen war. Grundlage waren also nur existierende nationale Regeln, Ergebnisse wissenschaftlicher Forschung und Erfahrungen aus der Praxis. So wurde innerhalb von CEN/TC 250/SC 11 “Structural Glass” ein Projektteam (PT) gebildet, mit der Aufgabe einen Entwurf einer dreiteiligen Vornorm “CEN‐TS Design of Glass Structures” aufzusetzen. Dieser Beitrag informiert über die aktuellen europäischen Normungsarbeiten zur CEN/TC 250/SC11 für bauaufsichtlich relevante Bauteile aus Glas. Neben dem vereinbarten Verfahren auf europäischer Ebene werden die Grundsätze und Lösungen, wie tragendes Glas in Zukunft in Europa bemessen und konstruiert wird, vorgestellt.
Mechanisches Verhalten zweischnittiger Metall‐Silikonverklebungen unter Schubbelastung
Authors: Silvestru Vlad Alexandru , Englhardt Oliver , Schneider Jens
Published: March 2019

Silikonklebstoffe, die üblicherweise bei Structural Sealant Glazing Systemen zum Einsatz kommen, werden zunehmend auch für Verbindungen von tragend eingesetzten Glaselementen verwendet. Ein Beispiel hierfür sind die unteren und oberen Anschlüsse von tragenden Glaswänden von Pavillons zur metallischen Konstruktion, wo der Klebstoff hauptsächlich auf Schub beansprucht wird. Für drei verschiedene Silikonklebstoffe (Dow Corning 993, Dow Corning 3363 und Sikasil SG‐550) werden zweischnittige Zug‐Scher‐Versuche an Verbindungen zwischen ausgewählten, für Fassadenprofile üblichen Metalloberflächen bis zum Versagen des Klebstoffs durchgeführt. Unbehandelte und geschliffene Edelstahloberflächen sowie auch unbehandelte, pulverbeschichtete und eloxierte Aluminiumoberflächen werden untersucht. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrages werden die Ergebnisse dieser experimentellen Untersuchungen vorgestellt und diskutiert. Dabei wird vor allem auf das Verformungsverhalten sowie auf den Versagensmechanismus der Verbindungen eingegangen.
Analyse thermisch induzierter Spannungen in Glas – Planungsgrundlagen
Authors: Polakova Michaela , Schäfer Steffen , Elstner Michael
Published: March 2019

Die Verwendung von Glas in Fenstern und Vorhangfassaden erfordert Sorgfalt bei der Gestaltung und Ausführung. Neben der Einhaltung bauphysikalischer Vorgaben und Bautechniken sowie einer ausreichend bemessenen Glasdicke, um Windlasten, Stoßlasten usw. standzuhalten, müssen auch die Beständigkeit des Glases gegenüber thermischer Spannung sowie die Temperaturverteilung von Glas‐ und Fassadenkomponenten berücksichtigt werden. Diese Thematik ist nicht neu, sie wird seit der Entstehung von in der Masse eingefärbtem Basisglas diskutiert. Moderne Konstruktionen erfordern jedoch die Berücksichtigung spezieller Details und einen detaillierteren Blick auf Konstruktion und Einsatz derartiger Fenster und Vorhangfassaden. Glashersteller können die thermisch induzierten Spannungen und die Temperaturverteilung in Konstruktionen analysieren. Ebenso müssen Randbedingungen, die von Ort zu Ort variieren, in Betracht gezogen werden. Dieser Aufsatz behandelt die grundlegenden Methoden, um die Beständigkeit von Verglasungseinheiten gegenüber thermischer Spannung zu analysieren sowie die Einflüsse der Randbedingungen auf das endgültige Ergebnis. Es wird auch der Effekt einer detaillierten 2D FE‐Analyse, mit den kritischen Stellen in Vorhangfassaden, wie z.B. sog. „Shadow Boxes” oder den Brüstungselementen, dargestellt.
Modelling the impact of interference on the energy efficiency of WLANs
Authors: Xu Chuan , Han Zhenzhen , Wang Qianyun , Zhao Guofeng , Yu Shui
Published: March 2019

The high‐bandwidth demands from variety of applications drive a dense wireless local access network (WLAN), which results in a complicated wireless network scene with serious co‐channel interference and energy waste. In this paper, to reveal the interactions between interference and energy efficiency, we propose an interference‐energy efficiency (IFEE) model to quantify the interference impact on the energy efficiency of 802.11 access point (AP) devices. Firstly, we introduce the channel separation and the difference of received signal strength indication (D‐RSSI) as two indicators to extend the classical signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) notion and rate adaptive mechanism. Then, these two parameters are integrated into the energy consumption model to establish the IFEE model. Lastly, we conduct extensive measurements with five typical WiFi interference scene in real network to validate the effectiveness of our model. The comparisons between simulation results and real data demonstrate that the proposed IFEE model can quantify the interference and energy efficiency with high accuracy, which can be used for wireless network optimization and protocol design.
Density response to short‐pulse excitation in gold
Authors: Ndione P.D. , Weber S.T. , Rethfeld B. , Gericke D.O.
Published: March 2019

We investigate the dynamics of band occupation in gold after excitation with short laser pulses. Strong non‐equilibrium distributions can be created by intra‐ and inter‐band transitions driven by the absorption of photons with different wavelengths. First, we briefly discuss how photons can be used as a probe and how electrons with non‐Fermi distributions can be described. Then we focus on the relaxation stage where a temperature has been established but the occupation numbers in the different bands are not yet in equilibrium with this newly established elevated temperature. We describe the relaxation towards a system with a common chemical potential with rate equations that also include the energy transfer to the lattice or ions. Finally, we give an outlook on the optical response of the relaxing electron system to a probe pulse of radiation.
Give up control to gain control
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: March 2019

“I'll admit it's somewhat paradoxical to gain control by giving it up, but give it a try. You might find it works,” writes Justin Kitch, chief executive officer of curious.com, in Fortune.
Integrate senior leadership role with parenthood
Authors: Tucker Melanie V.
Published: March 2019

A few years ago, I earned my doctorate, entered into my first vice presidency, and adopted my daughter — all within nine months of each other! Friends and family helped me balance full‐time work and dissertating. Mentors and professional resources helped me transition into a new role within a new campus community. However, I struggled to find guidance on how to best navigate senior leadership and motherhood.
Leisure Activity, Brain β‐amyloid, and Episodic Memory in Adults with Down Syndrome
Authors: Mihaila Iulia , Handen Benjamin L. , Christian Bradley T. , Lao Patrick J. , Cody Karly A. , Klunk William E. , Tudorascu Dana L. , Cohen Annie D. , Okonkwo Ozioma C. , Hartley Sigan L.
Published: March 2019

The present study provided an investigation of associations between leisure activity and early Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology (i.e., brain β‐amyloid) and episodic memory in a sample of 65 adults with Down syndrome (aged 30–53 years), at baseline and follow‐up, approximately three years apart. Findings indicated that leisure activity at baseline was not associated with brain β‐amyloid at baseline or change in brain β‐amyloid from baseline to follow‐up. Greater cognitively stimulating leisure activity at baseline was associated with better episodic memory at baseline, and greater social leisure activity at baseline was associated with less decline in episodic memory from baseline to follow‐up. High (as opposed to low) levels of social and overall leisure activity at baseline moderated the association between increase in brain β‐amyloid and decline in episodic memory, from baseline to follow‐up. Findings suggest that cognitively stimulating and social leisure activity could protect against the effect of Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology on episodic memory in adults with Down syndrome.
A long‐time stability study of 50 drug substances representing common drug classes of pharmaceutical use
Authors: Zilker Markus , Sörgel Fritz , Holzgrabe Ulrike
Published: March 2019

For assurance of the quality of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) used for manufacturing medicines, the analytical requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia serve as a guideline and have a binding character. Within a particular timeframe, an API is considered to comply with predefined specifications. If applicable, it can be used for the manufacturing of a finished pharmaceutical product. The objective of the study presented here was to assess the long‐term stability of 50 drug substances with an age of 20–30 years or even older in some cases. The substances are part of a collection of old pharmaceuticals at the Institute for Pharmacy in Würzburg, Germany, and represent commonly used drug classes containing β‐blockers, β‐sympathomimetic drugs, anticholinergics, anti‐infectives, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, antipsychotics, antihistaminic drugs, and one antiarrhythmic drug. The content and the degradation profile of the items were determined by means of potentiometric titration and liquid chromatography techniques based on pharmacopoeial approaches for impurity profiling covering all process and degradation related substances. The results of the study show that 44 out of 49 tested substances still complied with specifications of the current pharmacopoeias. For metipranolol, which is not monographed in any pharmacopoeia, a small degradation by hydrolysis was observed. In one lot of ampicillin sodium, atenolol, atropine, penbutolol, and salbutamol, at least one impurity did not meet the acceptance criteria, respectively. Some impurities were not related to degradation. However, a surprisingly high chemical stability of the old drug substances was revealed after more than two decades of storage.
Hybridization and rapid differentiation after secondary contact between the native green anole (Anolis carolinensis) and the introduced green anole (Anolis porcatus)
Authors: Wegener Johanna E. , Pita‐Aquino Jessica N. , Atutubo Jessica , Moreno Adam , Kolbe Jason J.
Published: March 2019

In allopatric species, reproductive isolation evolves through the accumulation of genetic incompatibilities. The degree of divergence required for complete reproductive isolation is highly variable across taxa, which makes the outcome of secondary contact between allopatric species unpredictable. Since before the Pliocene, two species of Anolis lizards, Anolis carolinensis and Anolis porcatus, have been allopatric, yet this period of independent evolution has not led to substantial species‐specific morphological differentiation, and therefore, they might not be reproductively isolated. In this study, we determined the genetic consequences of localized, secondary contact between the native green anole, A. carolinensis, and the introduced Cuban green anole, A. porcatus, in South Miami. Using 18 microsatellite markers, we found that the South Miami population formed a genetic cluster distinct from both parental species. Mitochondrial DNA revealed maternal A. porcatus ancestry for 35% of the individuals sampled from this population, indicating a high degree of cytonuclear discordance. Thus, hybridization with A. porcatus, not just population structure within A. carolinensis, may be responsible for the genetic distinctiveness of this population. Using tree‐based maximum‐likelihood analysis, we found support for a more recent, secondary introduction of A. porcatus to Florida. Evidence that ~33% of the nuclear DNA resulted from a secondary introduction supports the hybrid origin of the green anole population in South Miami. We used multiple lines of evidence and multiple genetic markers to reconstruct otherwise cryptic patterns of species introduction and hybridization. Genetic evidence for a lack of reproductive isolation, as well as morphological similarities between the two species, supports revising the taxonomy of A. carolinensis to include A. porcatus from western Cuba. Future studies should target the current geographic extent of introgression originating from the past injection of genetic material from Cuban green anoles and determine the consequences for the evolutionary trajectory of green anole populations in southern Florida.
Bone marrow and plasma FGF‐23 in heart failure patients: novel insights into the heart–bone axis
Authors: von Jeinsen Beatrice , Sopova Kateryna , Palapies Lars , Leistner David M. , Fichtlscherer Stephan , Seeger Florian H. , Honold Jörg , Dimmeler Stefanie , Aßmus Birgit , Zeiher Andreas M. , Keller Till
Published: March 2019

Aims

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF‐23) is known to be elevated in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). As FGF‐23 is expressed in the bone but can also be expressed in the myocardium, the origin of serum FGF‐23 in CHF remains unclear. It is also unclear if FGF‐23 expressed in the bone is associated with outcome in CHF. The aim of the present study was to investigate FGF‐23 levels measured in bone marrow plasma (FGF‐23‐BM) and in peripheral blood (FGF‐23‐P) in CHF patients to gain further insights into the heart–bone axis of FGF‐23 expression. We also investigated possible associations between FGF‐23‐BM as well as FGF‐23‐P and outcome in CHF patients.

Methods and results

We determined FGF‐23‐P and FGF‐23‐BM levels in 203 CHF patients (85% male, mean age 61.3 years) with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤45% and compared them with those of 48 healthy controls (48% male, mean age 39.2 years). We investigated the association between FGF‐23‐BM and FGF‐23‐P with all‐cause mortality in CHF patients, 32 events, median follow‐up 1673 days, interquartile range [923, 1828]. FGF‐23‐P (median 60.3 vs. 22.0 RU/mL, P < 0.001) and FGF‐23‐BM (median 130.7 vs. 93.1 RU/mL, P < 0.001) levels were higher in CHF patients compared with healthy controls. FGF‐23‐BM levels were significantly higher than FGF‐23‐P levels in both CHF patients and in healthy controls (P < 0.001). FGF‐23‐P and FGF‐23‐BM correlated significantly with LVEF (r = −0.37 and r = −0.33, respectively), N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide levels (r = 0.57 and r = 0.6, respectively), New York Heart Association status (r = 0.28 and r = 0.25, respectively), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = −0.43 and r = −0.41, respectively) (P for all <0.001) and were independently associated with all‐cause mortality in CHF patients after adjustment for LVEF, estimated glomerular filtration rate, New York Heart Association status, and N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide, hazard ratio 2.71 [confidence interval: 1.18–6.20], P = 0.018, and hazard ratio 2.80 [confidence interval: 1.19–6.57], P = 0.018, respectively.

Conclusions

In CHF patients, FGF‐23 is elevated in bone marrow plasma and is independently associated with heart failure severity and all‐cause mortality. The failing heart seems to interact via FGF‐23 within a heart–bone axis.
Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acids on Nutritional Status and Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed Linoleic‐Acid‐Deprived Diets
Authors: Fariña Ana Clara , Lavandera Jimena , González Marcela Aída , Bernal Claudio Adrián
Published: March 2019

This study aims to investigate the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on nutritional parameters and triacylglycerol (TAG) regulation in male Wistar rats fed linoleic acid (LA)‐deprived (−LA) diets compared to LA‐enriched (+LA) diets. In both +LA and −LA groups, CLA are incorporated into the tissues, showing higher levels in the adipose tissue. However, different metabolic and nutritional effects are observed depending on the LA status. CLA markedly reduces fat depots in the −LA group, associated with an increased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and lipogenic enzyme activities as compensatory mechanisms. Moreover, CLA restores the hepatic TAG levels in −LA animals, associated with a normalized triacylglycerol‐secretion rate (TAG‐SR), an increased lipogenic enzyme activity and higher mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase. Serum TAG levels are not affected by CLA in the +LA group. However, in the −LA group, CLA decreases the TAG levels associated with a reduced TAG‐SR and a higher adipose tissue LPL activity. Thus, the CLA effects on the nutritional parameters and TAG metabolism differs depending on the LA status. CLA causes certain beneficial biological and nutritional effects in LA‐deprived but not in LA‐enriched animals.

Practical Applications: The approach by the authors involve growing animals in healthy physiological conditions fed with diets containing recommended levels of dietary fats, moderate amounts of commercial CLA mixture obtained from industrial synthesis (equimolecular amounts of 9c,11t‐ and 10t,12c‐isomers), and unbalanced LA levels. These variables constitute a situation observed in the human population. The present study might contribute to understanding the role of CLA on nutritional parameters and TAG metabolism depending on the nutritional milieu.

Conjugated linoleic acid effects on nutritional parameters and triacylglycerol metabolism in rats fed linoleic‐acid‐enriched and linoleic‐acid‐deprived diets are determined.
Bayesian inference in natural hazard analysis for incomplete and uncertain data
Authors: Smit A. , Stein A. , Kijko A.
Published: March 2019

This study presents a method for estimating two area‐characteristic natural hazard recurrence parameters. The mean activity rate and the frequency–size power law exponent are estimated using Bayesian inference on combined empirical datasets that consist of prehistoric, historic, and instrumental information. The method provides for incompleteness, uncertainty in the event size determination, uncertainty associated with the parameters in the applied occurrence models, and the validity of event occurrences. This aleatory and epistemic uncertainty is introduced in the models through mixture distributions and weighted likelihood functions. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using a synthetic earthquake dataset and an observed tsunami dataset for Japan. The contribution of the different types of data, prior information, and the uncertainty is quantified. For the synthetic dataset, the introduction of model and event size uncertainties provides estimates quite close to the assumed true values, whereas the tsunami dataset shows that the long series of historic data influences the estimates of the recurrence parameters much more than the recent instrumental data. The conclusion of the study is that the proposed methodology provides a useful and adaptable tool for the probabilistic assessment of various types of natural hazards.
Wellbore shrinkage during drilling in methane hydrate reservoirs
Authors: Yan Chuanliang , Li Yang , Yan Xinjiang , Cheng Yuanfang , Han Zhongying , Tian Wanqing , Ren Xu
Published: March 2019

Methane hydrates as a clean and abundant energy source, have attracted the attention of the world. However, the instability of hydrate reservoirs makes it difficult to drill production wells. After drilling, the creep properties of hydrate reservoir would cause wellbore shrinkage, which will affect the drilling safety. This study is to analysis law of wellbore shrinkage after a hydrate well drilled. The results demonstrate that wellbore shrinkage mainly results from plastic deformation and creep deformation. The largest and smallest values are separately found in the directions of the maximum and minimum horizontal in‐situ stress. With the increase of initial in‐situ stress ratio, wellbore shrinkage linearly rise. Under the condition of low horizontal in‐situ stress ratio, wellbore shrinkage is mainly determined by creep deformation. Under the condition of high horizontal in‐situ stress ratio, wellbore shrinkage commonly depends on plastic deformation and creep deformation. With deepening methane hydrate reservoirs, wellbore shrinkage shows a nonlinear increase. For formations with higher hydrate saturation, larger wellbore shrinkage would occur. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of drilling method while drilling in hydrate formations.
Mapping valley bottom confinement at the network scale
Authors: O'Brien Gary R. , Wheaton Joseph M. , Fryirs Kirstie , Macfarlane William W. , Brierley Gary , Whitehead Kelly , Gilbert Jordan , Volk Carol
Published: March 2019

In this article, we demonstrate the application of a continuous confinement metric across entire river networks. Confinement is a useful metric for characterizing and discriminating valley setting. At the reach scale, valley bottom confinement is measured and quantified as the ratio of the length of channel confined on either bank by a confining margin divided by the reach length. The valley bottom is occupied by the contemporary floodplain and/or its channel(s); confining margins can be any landform or feature that makes up the valley bottom margin, such as bedrock hillslopes, terraces, fans, or anthropogenic features such as stopbanks or constructed levees. To test the reliability of calculating confinement across entire networks, we applied our geoprocessing scripts across four physiographically distinct watersheds of the Pacific Northwest, USA using freely available national datasets. Comparison of manually digitized and mapped with modeled calculations of confinement revealed that roughly one‐third of reaches were equivalent and about two‐thirds of the sites differ by less than ±15%. A sensitivity analysis found that a 500 m reach segmentation length produced reasonable agreement with manual, categorical, expert‐derived analysis of confinement. Confinement accuracy can be improved (c. 4% to 17% gains) using a more accurately mapped valley bottom and channel position (i.e. with higher‐resolution model inputs). This is particularly important when differentiating rivers in the partly confined valley setting. However, at the watershed scale, patterns derived from mapping confinement are not fundamentally different, making this a reasonably accurate and rapid technique for analysis and measurement of confinement across broad spatial extents. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linking property crime using offender crime scene behaviour: A comparison of methods
Authors: Tonkin Matthew , Lemeire Jan , Santtila Pekka , Winter Jan M.
Published: March 2019

This study compared the ability of seven statistical models to distinguish between linked and unlinked crimes. The seven models utilised geographical, temporal, and modus operandi information relating to residential burglaries (n = 180), commercial robberies, (n = 118), and car thefts (n = 376). Model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis and by examining the success with which the seven models could successfully prioritise linked over unlinked crimes. The regression‐based and probabilistic models achieved comparable accuracy and were generally more accurate than the tree‐based models tested in this study. The Logistic algorithm achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC) for residential burglary (AUC = 0.903) and commercial robbery (AUC = 0.830) and the SimpleLogistic algorithm achieving the highest for car theft (AUC = 0.820). The findings also indicated that discrimination accuracy is maximised (in some situations) if behavioural domains are utilised rather than individual crime scene behaviours and that the AUC should not be used as the sole measure of accuracy in behavioural crime linkage research.
The Association Between Posttraumatic Negative Self‐Conscious Cognitions and Emotions and Maladaptive Behaviors: Does Time Since Trauma Exposure Matter?
Authors: Tran Han N. , Lipinski Alexandra J. , Peter Samuel C. , Dodson Thomas S. , Majeed Rimsha , Savage Ulysses C. , Beck J. Gayle
Published: March 2019

Negative beliefs about the self, self‐blame, guilt, and shame have been consistently linked to emotional problems, such as posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, following trauma exposure. To expand understanding of the potential role of negative self‐conscious cognitions and emotions in other forms of posttrauma maladjustments, such as maladaptive behaviors, the current study examined the associations between these cognitions and emotions with dissociation, alcohol use, and avoidant problem‐solving. As a secondary goal, the influence of time since trauma exposure was considered given recent data suggesting that some posttraumatic responses require lengthier time following trauma to become salient. Multiple‐group analysis was conducted in two groups of female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV): women whose IPV experiences occurred within 3 months prior to assessment (early posttrauma phase [EPP]; n = 67) and those whose experiences occurred 12 months or more prior to assessment (chronic posttrauma phase [CPP]; n = 145). The results suggested model invariance. Posttraumatic negative self‐conscious cognitions and emotions were significantly correlated with dissociation (EPP group: β = .61, p < .001 and CPP group: β = .48, p < .001), alcohol use (EPP group: β = .31, p = .014 and CPP group: β = .30, p < .001), and avoidant problem‐solving (EPP group: β = .58, p < .001 and CPP group: β = .56, p < .001). The findings highlight the importance of negative self‐conscious cognitions and emotions in posttrauma maladjustment and support intervening in these domains shortly after trauma exposure.
Some results about zero‐cycles on abelian and semi‐abelian varieties
Authors: Gazaki Evangelia
Published: March 2019

In this short note we extend some results obtained in [7]. First, we prove that for an abelian variety A with good ordinary reduction over a finite extension of with p an odd prime, the Albanese kernel of A is the direct sum of its maximal divisible subgroup and a torsion group. Second, for a semi‐abelian variety G over a perfect field k, we construct a decreasing integral filtration of Suslin's singular homology group, , such that the successive quotients are isomorphic to a certain Somekawa K‐group.
The template‐based procedure of biorthogonal ternary wavelets for curve multiresolution processing
Authors: Li Baobin , Wang Ning , Li Dengfeng
Published: March 2019

Curve multiresolution processing techniques have been widely discussed in the study of subdivision schemes and many applications, such as surface progressive transmission and compression. The ternary subdivision scheme is the more appealing one because it can possess the symmetry, smaller topological support, and certain smoothness, simultaneously. So biorthogonal ternary wavelets are discussed in this paper, in which refinable functions are designed for cure and surface multiresolution processing of ternary subdivision schemes. Moreover, by the help of lifting techniques, the template‐based procedure is established for constructing ternary refinable systems with certain symmetry, and it also gives a clear geometric templates of corresponding multiresolution algorithms by several iterative steps. Some examples with certain smoothness are constructed.
Explicit hybrid six–step, sixth order, fully symmetric methods for solving  y ″ = f (x,y)
Authors: Fang Jie , Liu Chenglian , Hsu Chieh‐Wen , Simos Theodore E. , Tsitouras Charalampos
Published: March 2019

A family of explicit, fully symmetric, sixth order, six‐step methods for the numerical solution of y′′ = f(x,y) is studied. This family wastes two function evaluations per step and can be derived through interpolation techniques. An interval of periodicity is possessed and the phase lag is of high order. Numerical instabilities usually present in such type of multistep methods were circumvented. We conclude with extended numerical tests over a set of problems justifying our effort of dealing with the new methods.
A collocation method of lines for two‐sided space‐fractional advection‐diffusion equations with variable coefficients
Authors: Almoaeet Mohammed K. , Shamsi Mostafa , Khosravian‐Arab Hassan , Torres Delfim F. M.
Published: March 2019

We present the method of lines (MOL), which is based on the spectral collocation method, to solve space‐fractional advection‐diffusion equations (SFADEs) on a finite domain with variable coefficients. We focus on the cases in which the SFADEs consist of both left‐ and right‐sided fractional derivatives. To do so, we begin by introducing a new set of basis functions with some interesting features. The MOL, together with the spectral collocation method based on the new basis functions, are successfully applied to the SFADEs. Finally, four numerical examples, including benchmark problems and a problem with discontinuous advection and diffusion coefficients, are provided to illustrate the efficiency and exponentially accuracy of the proposed method.
College Guidance for All: A Randomized Experiment in Pre‐College Advising
Authors: Bettinger Eric P. , Evans Brent J.
Published: March 2019

Pre‐college advising programs exist in most disadvantaged high schools throughout the United States. These programs supplement traditional advising by high school guidance counselors and attempt to help underrepresented and disadvantaged students overcome the complexities of the postsecondary admission and financial aid processes. Existing evidence on these programs often uses within‐school randomization where spillovers and alternative supports may confound estimates. We provide the first evidence on a whole school intervention resulting from a school‐level randomized controlled trial in the United States. The college access program we study uses a near‐peer model where a recent college graduate works at the school assisting students in the application and enrollment process. Pooled results across the first three years of program implementation find no significant impacts on overall college enrollment. However, subgroup analyses reveal positive, significant effects among the groups most targeted by the intervention: Hispanic and low‐income students. Most of the impact comes through increasing two‐year college enrollment, but this appears to be new entrants rather than inducing students to move from four‐year to two‐year colleges. The observed positive effects for these subgroups attenuate over time. We attribute this drop in the estimated impact to departures in fidelity of the experiment. Even among the cohorts for which we find positive enrollment impacts, we find no significant impacts on college persistence.
Pyrrolic‐Type Nitrogen‐Doped Hierarchical Macro/Mesoporous Carbon as a Bifunctional Host for High‐Performance Thick Cathodes for Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Han Pauline , Chung Sheng‐Heng , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: March 2019

Lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are highly considered as a next‐generation energy storage device due to their high theoretical energy density. For practical viability, reasonable active‐material loading of >4.0 mg cm−2 must be employed, at a cost to the intrinsic instability of sulfur cathodes. The incursion of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) at higher sulfur loadings results in low active material utilization and poor cell cycling capability. The use of high‐surface‐area hierarchical macro/mesoporous inverse opal (IOP) carbons to investigate the effects of pore volume and surface area on the electrochemical stability of high‐loading, high‐thickness cathodes for Li‐S batteries is presented here. The IOP carbons are additionally doped with pyrrolic‐type nitrogen groups (N‐IOP) to act as a polar polysulfide mediator and enhance the active‐material reutilization. With a high sulfur loading of 6.0 mg cm−2, the Li‐S cells assembled with IOP and N‐IOP carbons are able to attain a high specific capacity of, respectively, 1242 and 1162 mA h g−1. The N‐IOP enables the Li‐S cells to demonstrate good electrochemical performance over 300 cycles.
Boundary layer transition modeling on leading edge inflatable kite airfoils
Authors: Folkersma Mikko , Schmehl Roland , Viré Axelle
Published: March 2019

We present a computational fluid dynamic analysis of boundary layer transition on leading edge inflatable kite airfoils used for airborne wind energy generation. Because of the operation in pumping cycles, the airfoil is generally subject to a wide range of Reynolds numbers. The analysis is based on the combination of the shear stress transport turbulence model with thetransition model, which can handle the laminar boundary layer and its transition to turbulence. The implementation of both models in OpenFOAM is described. We show a validation of the method for a sailwing (ie, a wing with a membrane) airfoil and an application to a leading edge inflatable kite airfoil. For the sailwing airfoil, the results computed with transition model agree well with the existing low Reynolds number experiment over the whole range of angles of attack. For the leading edge inflatable kite airfoil, the transition modeling has both favorable and unfavorable effects on the aerodynamics. On the one hand, the aerodynamics suffer from the laminar separation. But, on the other hand, the laminar boundary layer thickens slower than the turbulent counterpart, which, in combination with transition, delays the separation. The results also indicate that the aerodynamics of the kite airfoil could be improved by delaying the boundary layer transition during the traction phase and tripping the transition in the retraction phase.
Expression of recombinant enhanced green fluorescent protein provides insight into foreign gene‐expression differences between Mut+ and MutS strains of Pichia pastoris
Authors: Theron Chrispian W. , Berrios Julio , Steels Sébastien , Telek Samuel , Lecler Renaud , Rodriguez Christian , Fickers Patrick
Published: March 2019

Pichia pastoris is a very popular yeast for recombinant protein production, mainly due to the strong, methanol‐inducible PAOX1 promoter. Methanol induction however poses several drawbacks. One approach to improve processes is to use MutS strains with reduced methanol catabolic ability. Various reports claim that MutS allows higher recombinant protein production levels than Mut+ but scarcely elaborate on reasons for differences. In this study, enhanced green fluorescent protein was used as a PAOX1‐driven reporter for the investigation of expression differences between Mut+ and MutS strains. Mut+ exhibited higher responses to methanol, with faster growth (0.07 vs. 0.01 hr−1) and higher consumption of methanol (2.25 vs. 1.81 mmol/gDCW.hr) and oxygen (2.2 vs. 0.66 mmol/gDCW.hr) than MutS. Mut+ yielded more biomass than MutS (2.3 vs. 1.3 gDCW/L), and carbon dioxide analysis of bioreactor off‐gas suggested that considerable amounts of methanol were consumed by Mut+ via the dissimilatory pathway. In contrast, it was demonstrated that the MutS population switched to an induced state more rapidly than Mut+. In addition, MutS exhibited 3.4‐fold higher fluorescence levels per cell (77,509 vs. 23,783 SFU) indicative of higher recombinant protein production. The findings were verified by similar results obtained during the expression of a lipase. Based on the differences in response to methanol versus recombinant protein production, it was proposed that higher energy availability occurs in MutS for recombinant protein synthesis, contrary to Mut+ that uses the energy to maintain high levels of methanol catabolic pathways and biomass production.