bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response to Intervention
Authors: Seedorf Stephen
Published: November 2014

There is a discrepancy currently in public schools when comparing the identification and instruction of underachieving students with gifted and talented (GT) students. A three-tiered identification and instructional model was developed out of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004) with emphasis coming from the No Child Left Behind Act (2001). The Response to Intervention (RtI) model has proven to be a successful tool for identifying student need, implementing interventions, and monitoring the effectiveness of the interventions. This model has been explored for use with GT students but the implementation in most schools has been lacking fidelity due to small amounts of resources, training, and support. This study uses qualitative research methodology to investigate necessary components when implementing RtI with GT students. A review of the current literature, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions revealed five common themes teachers and administrators need to consider for successful implementation of the RtI model on a schoolwide basis. The identified themes are as follows: awareness, support, professional development, time, and high-quality Tier 1 differentiation. These five themes are cyclical in nature and should be used as a group in a systematic approach to implementing RtI in GT programs.
Attitudes of Patients With Bipolar Disorder Toward the Life Chart Methodology
Authors: van Bendegem Mischa A. , van den Heuvel Silvio C. G. H. , Kramer Laura J. , Goossens Peter J. J.
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND: The Dutch guideline for bipolar disorder (BD) recommends the use of the Life Chart Methodology (LCM) to help patients to monitor fluctuating mood patterns. But in practice patients show ambivalent attitudes toward this instrument. OBJECTIVE: To describe attitudes and motivations of patients with BD for (non-)using the LCM. DESIGN: A phenomenological study with unstructured in-depth interviews of 14 patients with BD. Patient narratives were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, analyzed, and coded inductively. RESULTS: The results show that despite variability in perceptions and willingness to work with the LCM, the general attitude toward this instrument was a recognized value for using the LCM. However, the emotional impact of daily mood charting was experienced as a substantial burden, particularly during the early stages of diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The impact of the diagnosis of BD needs to be taken in account when introducing the instrument for the first time to a patient.
Valence-based homophily on Twitter: Network Analysis of Emotions and Political Talk in the 2012 Presidential Election
Authors: Himelboim Itai , Sweetser Kaye D , Tinkham Spencer F , Cameron Kristen , Danelo Matthew , West Kate
Published: November 2014

This study integrates network and content analyses to examine valence-based homophily on Twitter or the tendency for individuals to interact with those expressing similar valence. During the 2012 federal election cycle, we collected Twitter conversations about 10 controversial political topics and mapped their network ties. Using network analysis, we discovered clusters—subgroups of highly self-connected users—and coded messages in each cluster for their expressed positive-to-negative emotional valence, level of support or opposition, and political leaning. We found that valence-based homophily successfully explained the selection of user interactions on Twitter, in terms of expressed emotional valence in their tweets or support versus criticism to an issue. It also finds conservative voices to be associated with negatively valenced clusters and vice versa. This study expands the theory of homophily beyond its traditional conceptualization and provides a new understanding of political-issue interactions in a social media context.
Creating a Novel Video Vignette Stroke Preparedness Outcome Measure Using a Community-Based Participatory Approach
Authors: Skolarus Lesli E. , Murphy Jillian B. , Dome Mackenzie , Zimmerman Marc A. , Bailey Sarah , Fowlkes Sophronia , Morgenstern Lewis B.
Published: November 2014

Evaluating the efficacy of behavioral interventions for rare outcomes is a challenge. One such topic is stroke preparedness, defined as inteventions to increase stroke symptom recognition and behavioral intent to call 911. Current stroke preparedness intermediate outcome measures are centered on written vignettes or open-ended questions and have been shown to poorly reflect actual behavior. Given that stroke identification and action requires aural and visual processing, video vignettes may improve on current measures. This article discusses an approach for creating a novel stroke preparedness video vignette intermediate outcome measure within a community-based participatory research partnership. A total of 20 video vignettes were filmed of which 13 were unambiguous (stroke or not stroke) as determined by stroke experts and had test discrimination among community participants. Acceptable reliability, high satisfaction, and cultural relevance were found among the 14 community respondents. A community-based participatory approach was effective in creating a video vignette intermediate outcome. Future projects should consider obtaining expert and community feedback prior to filming all the video vignettes to improve the proportion of vignettes that are usable. While content validity and preliminary reliability were established, future studies are needed to confirm the reliability and establish construct validity.
“No Contact, Except . . .”
Authors: Fleury-Steiner Ruth E. , Miller Susan L. , Maloney Sara , Bonistall Postel Emily
Published: November 2014

Since the 1994 Violence Against Women Act was signed into law, women seeking safety from intimate partner violence have increasingly sought civil protection orders. Each year, approximately 1 million civil protection orders are issued in the United States. Research suggests that protection orders can help to reduce intimate partner abuse. Moreover, protection orders can offer a variety of reliefs to survivors, including stay away orders, division of property, and custody and visitation stipulations. However, little research has examined factors related to specific conditions of protection orders, particularly around visitation. Given that batterers often use children and visitation as a further tactic of power and control, it is important to reveal which variables are related to visitation decisions and conditions within protection orders. Structured observations of protection order hearings were conducted in family courts involving women seeking orders against male partners. Visitation arrangements determined by judicial officers in hearings tended to be informal; the court provided little support or information. Legal representation only mattered for offenders. Implications for judicial training and for systems advocacy will be discussed.
The clinical value of faecal calprotectin and lactoferrin measurement in postoperative Crohn's disease
Authors: Yamamoto Takayuki
Published: November 2014

Most patients with Crohn's disease (CD) ultimately require one or more operations over their lifetime. Nevertheless, surgery is not a cure and postoperative CD recurrence is common. Ileocolonoscopy has been considered to be the gold standard in the diagnosis and monitoring of postoperative recurrence in patients with CD. However, endoscopy is a time‐consuming and invasive procedure. Simple and non‐invasive methods for the detection of postoperative recurrence are desirable. Faecal inflammatory biomarkers such as calprotectin and lactoferrin provide an accurate and non‐invasive diagnostic and monitoring modality for inflammatory bowel disease. However, there have been limited data on the role of faecal biomarkers in the postoperative setting. Recently, several studies evaluated the value of faecal calprotectin and lactoferrin measurement after surgery for CD. This review was conducted to assess the role of faecal calprotectin and lactoferrin measurements in patients with postoperative CD.
Why Economic, Health, Legal, and Immigration Policy Should Consider Dehumanization
Authors: Harris Lasana T.
Published: November 2014

People spontaneously think about the minds of other people, aiding social interaction. Such cognitions recognize the other person as a full human being, deserving empathy and protection. Social psychology and neuroscience evidence also demonstrate the opposite— dehumanized perception—a failure to spontaneously think about the minds of others. Although initial research focused on extreme out-groups (e.g., the homeless) as targets of dehumanized perception, more recent research documents dehumanized perception toward ordinary people in everyday contexts. Therefore, dehumanized perception is not reserved only for extreme out-groups, or committed by sociopaths; any person can be dehumanized, and some social contexts enable any person to dehumanize others. For instance, people dehumanize others in economic contexts where people are traded as commodities (such as labor markets), when expecting to interact with someone suffering, and when thinking about an out-group previously oppressed by the in-group. Because policy makers shape the social context, they can promote dehumanized perception or not.
Stereotype Threat in School and at Work
Authors: Schmader Toni , Hall William M.
Published: November 2014

In any diverse society, public policy can help to provide equal access to opportunities for achieving one’s potential in school and work. However, even as policies in the United States have sought to eradicate institutionalized discrimination on the basis of race or sex, women and minorities continue to underperform academically and are systematically underrepresented in the highest earning occupations. Social psychological research suggests that negative stereotypes about women and minorities can create subtle barriers to success through stereotype threat. This occurs when individuals become concerned that they might confirm a negative stereotype about their group. This article outlines current research on the processes that underlie stereotype threat and how this work informs effective policies to reduce its effects. Using an evidence-based analysis, we review the risks and the benefits of four policies to narrow gender and racial gaps in academic and workplace performance: affirmative action, diversity training, creating identity-safe environments, and teaching coping strategies. Policies informed by social psychological theory and research can help recover the lost human potential due to stereotype threat without disadvantaging or cuing backlash among the majority.
Ostracism and Public Policy
Authors: Williams Kipling D. , Nida Steve A.
Published: November 2014

Ostracism means being ignored and excluded. Like bullying, ostracism causes pain and distress. Its targets either attempt compensatory behavior, aimed at being likeable and included, or they retaliate, provoke, and aggress. Qualitative interviews suggest that frequent exposures to ostracism make targets become depressed, exhibit helplessness, and engage in suicidal ideation and/or attempts. Unlike bullying, ostracism need not be persistent or unwanted, is difficult to monitor and penalize, and negatively affects basic human needs for acknowledgment and meaning. Research on ostracism reveals its characteristics, compares its consequences with being bullied, and suggests implications for public policy.
Diversity Science and Institutional Design
Authors: Plaut Victoria C.
Published: November 2014

Ideas about diversity and how to deal with difference—for example, to avoid race or attend to it—reside at the center of debates on how to build fair, inclusive, diverse environments. Social-psychological research in diversity science can inform policy makers about the implications of different approaches. Several key patterns emerge: (a) colorblindness sometimes produces more, not less, stereotyping and prejudice, and the opposite generally occurs for multiculturalism, though evidence is mixed; (b) avoiding race generally leads to worse outcomes in interracial interaction; (c) signals of organizational colorblindness generally predict negative outcomes, whereas organizational multiculturalism predicts positive outcomes, except that multicultural approaches can inadvertently send the message of valuing persons of color only for their group identity; (d) practices and policies that encourage colorblindness can leave discrimination undetected, relative to race-conscious approaches, but diversity programs can invoke a fairness illusion; and (e) majority group members may feel excluded or threatened by multicultural approaches to diversity. Overall, although attending to difference may be complicated, ignoring or avoiding it may not be as conducive to building fair, inclusive environments. The article discusses implications for the design of institutions in education, business, and public agencies, such as those that administer public services in housing, juvenile justice, and child protection.
Unequality
Authors: Norton Michael I.
Published: November 2014

Who should get what, and what are the consequences? Economic inequality in the United States has been rising for decades, yet only recently have behavioral scientists explored two central questions surrounding the optimal level of inequality. First, what are the effects of increased inequality on citizens’ decisions and behavior? Second, what do citizens believe the “ideal” level of inequality should be? Critical input comes from better understanding increased inequality’s impact on the overall health of the economy—such as labor productivity—and assessing citizens’ preferences for distributing assets—such as income and wealth. Inequality’s impacts and citizens’ preferences inform the likely effects (and likely voter acceptance) of policies that affect inequality, from taxation to spending on education and health care. Research reveals that Americans from all walks of life—rich and poor, liberal and conservative—endorse unequality: unequal outcomes (rich people have more than poor people) but far less inequality than the current state of affairs. For example, the actual pay ratio of CEOs to unskilled workers in the United States is 354:1, but Americans report an ideal ratio of 7:1—unequal, but more equal. Moreover, research shows that increasing inequality often has negative effects: decreasing motivation and labor productivity, impairing decision making, and increasing ethical lapses. In sum, behavioral research supports the benefits of policies aimed at achieving unequality.
Racial Bias and Public Policy
Authors: Glaser Jack , Spencer Katherine , Charbonneau Amanda
Published: November 2014

This article explores psychological science on race bias and its implications in several domains of public policy, with special attention paid to biased policing as an illustrative example. Race bias arises from normal mental processes, many outside our conscious awareness and control. This research directly applies to public policy, especially where concerned with regulating behavior and managing uncertainty. Research links both implicit and explicit racial bias to behavior, and uncertainty exacerbates the influence of bias in decision-making. Sample policy domains—where psychological research, race bias, and public policy intersect—include education, employment, immigration, health care, politics/representation, and criminal justice. Psychological research informs policy by documenting causes and processes, by expert testimony in court, and by generating and evaluating interventions to reduce race bias.
Persistence
Authors: Frey Erin , Rogers Todd
Published: November 2014

Interventions intended to change people’s behavior are ubiquitous in modern society. Some interventions produce changes in behavior that persist even after the interventions are discontinued, while other interventions generate only short-term behavior changes that disappear once the interventions stop. The framework presented here guides understanding of why and how behavior changes (treatment effects) persist after interventions (treatments) are discontinued. Four persistence pathways explain how persistent treatment effects may arise: building psychological habits, changing what and how people think, changing future costs, and harnessing external reinforcement. Each pathway is illustrated by describing how the pathway may have contributed to the persistent treatment effects produced by a widely used energy-efficiency intervention conducted by the energy-efficiency company OPOWER. Different conditions may make each pathway more or less likely to generate persistent treatment effects in the world. Finally, policymakers might develop more persistent interventions by leveraging each pathway.
MCL-1 but not BCL-XL is critical for the development and sustained expansion of thymic lymphoma in p53-deficient mice
Authors: Grabow Stephanie , Delbridge Alex R. D. , Valente Liz J. , Strasser Andreas
Published: November 2014

Key Points

MCL-1 is critical for thymic lymphoma development mediated by loss of p53. MCL-1 is essential for sustained growth of p53-deficient thymic lymphoma cells.
Existence theorems for relaxed η-α pseudomonotone and strictly η-quasimonotone generalized variational-like inequalities
Authors: Arunchai Areerat , Plubtieng Somyot , Wen Ching-Feng
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we prove the existence of solutions for a variational-like inequality and a generalized variational-like inequality in the relaxed η-α pseudomonotone and strictly η-quasimonotone cases in Banach spaces by using the KKM technique. The results presented in this paper improve and extend some corresponding results of several authors.
Asymmetric hybrid plasmonic waveguides with centimeter-scale propagation length under subwavelength confinement for photonic components
Authors: Wei Wei , Zhang Xia , Ren Xiaomin
Published: November 2014

An asymmetric hybrid plasmonic metal-wire waveguide is proposed by combining the advantages of symmetric and hybrid plasmonic modes. The idea of asymmetric structure eliminates the adverse effect of a substrate and enhances the optical performance of the waveguide. The guiding properties of the proposed waveguide are intensively investigated using the finite elements method. The results exhibit a quite long propagation length of 2.69 cm with subwavelength confinement. More importantly, an extremely large figure of merit of 139037 is achieved. Furthermore, the proposed waveguides can be used as directional couplers. They can achieve a coupling length of only 1.01 μm at S = 0.1 μm with negligible loss. A strong dependence of coupling length on the operating wavelength makes the proposed waveguide promising for realizing wavelength-selective components at telecommunication wavelengths.
Increasing Cardiomyopathy Screening in At-Risk Adult Survivors of Pediatric Malignancies: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hudson Melissa M. , Leisenring Wendy , Stratton Kayla K. , Tinner Nina , Steen Brenda D. , Ogg Susan , Barnes Linda , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Robison Leslie L. , Cox Cheryl L.
Published: November 2014

Purpose

To determine whether the addition of advanced-practice nurse (APN) telephone counseling to a printed survivorship care plan (SCP) significantly increases the proportion of at-risk survivors who complete cardiomyopathy screening.

Patients and Methods

Survivors age ≥ 25 years participating in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study who received cardiotoxic therapy and reported no history of cardiomyopathy screening in the previous 5 years were eligible for enrollment. The 472 participants (mean age, 40.1 years; range, 25.0 to 59.0; 53.3% women) were randomly assigned to either standard care, consisting of an SCP summarizing cancer treatment and cardiac health screening recommendations (n = 234), or standard care plus two APN telephone counseling sessions (n = 238). The primary outcome—completion of cardiomyopathy screening within 1 year—was validated by medical records and compared between the two arms using adjusted relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs.

Results

Participants in the standard and APN counseling groups were not statistically different by demographic or clinical characteristics. At the time of 1-year follow-up, 107 (52.2%) of 205 survivors in the APN group completed screening compared with 46 (22.3%) of 206 survivors in the non-APN group (P < .001). With adjustment for sex, age (< 30 v ≥ 30 years), and Children's Oncology Group–recommended screening frequency group (annual, 2 years, or 5 years), survivors in the APN group were > 2× more likely than those in the control group to complete the recommended cardiomyopathy screening (RR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.74 to 3.07).

Conclusion

The addition of telephone counseling to an SCP with cardiac health screening recommendations increases cardiomyopathy screening in at-risk survivors.
Adjuvant and Salvage Radiotherapy After Prostatectomy: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Endorsement
Authors: Freedland Stephen J. , Rumble R. Bryan , Finelli Antonio , Chen Ronald C. , Slovin Susan , Stein Mark N. , Mendelson David S. , Wackett Colin , Sandler Howard M.
Published: November 2014

Purpose

To endorse the American Urological Association (AUA)/American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) guideline on adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy after prostatectomy. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has a policy and set of procedures for endorsing clinical practice guidelines developed by other professional organizations.

Methods

The guideline on adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy after prostatectomy was reviewed for developmental rigor by methodologists. An ASCO endorsement panel then reviewed the content and recommendations.

Results

The panel determined that the guideline recommendations on adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy after prostatectomy, published in August 2013, are clear, thorough, and based on the most relevant scientific evidence. ASCO endorsed the guideline on adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy after prostatectomy, adding one qualifying statement that not all candidates for adjuvant or salvage radiotherapy have the same risk of recurrence or disease progression, and thus, risk-benefit ratios are not the same for all men. Those at the highest risk for recurrence after radical prostatectomy include men with seminal vesicle invasion, Gleason score 8 to 10, extensive positive margins, and detectable postoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

Recommendations

Physicians should discuss adjuvant radiotherapy with patients with adverse pathologic findings at prostatectomy (ie, seminal vesicle invasion, positive surgical margins, extraprostatic extension) and salvage radiotherapy with patients with PSA or local recurrence after prostatectomy. The discussion of radiotherapy should include possible short- and long-term adverse effects and potential benefits. The decision to administer radiotherapy should be made by the patient and multidisciplinary treatment team, keeping in mind that not all men are at equal risk of recurrence or clinically meaningful disease progression. Thus, the risk-benefit ratio will differ for each patient.
Monitoring drug promiscuity over time
Authors: Hu Ye , Bajorath Jürgen
Published: November 2014

Drug promiscuity and polypharmacology are much discussed topics in pharmaceutical research. Experimentally, promiscuity can be studied by profiling of compounds on arrays of targets. Computationally, promiscuity rates can be estimated by mining of compound activity data. In this study, we have assessed drug promiscuity over time by systematically collecting activity records for approved drugs. For 518 diverse drugs, promiscuity rates were determined over different time intervals. Significant differences between the number of reported drug targets and the promiscuity rates derived from activity records were frequently observed. On the basis of high-confidence activity data, an increase in average promiscuity rates from 1.5 to 3.2 targets per drug was detected between 2000 and 2014. These promiscuity rates are lower than often assumed. When the stringency of data selection criteria was reduced in subsequent steps, non-realistic increases in promiscuity rates from ~6 targets per drug in 2000 to more than 28 targets were obtained. Hence, estimates of drug promiscuity significantly differ depending on the stringency with which target annotations and activity data are considered.
The Theoretical Aspects of Measuring the Costs of Corporate Bankruptcy
Authors: Boratyńska Katarzyna
Published: November 2014

This article presents the issue of costs of enterprise bankruptcy. The purpose of this paper was to overview bibliography concerning the costs of corporate bankruptcy. According to literature, the author has pointed out that costs of bankruptcy can be divided into different groups, e.g. indirect and direct. The paper indicates the following corporate bankruptcy costs allocation criteria: time span, type of proceedings and the accounting perspective at the microeconomic level of analysis. The author has paid attention to models evaluation of costs of corporate bankruptcy. It is worth emphasizing that measurement of indirect costs of enterprises bankruptcy is a very complex issue.
The Hypothesis of Jobless Economic Growth in the Global Triad Countries
Authors: Misztal Piotr
Published: November 2014

The aim of the study is to analyze the hypothesis of jobless economic growth in economic theory and in the Global Triad countries (U.S. , EU-15, Japan, China , India). In the article the research method based on the literature study in the field of macroeconomics and international finance were used, as well as econometric methods (Ordinary Least Squares). All the statistics used in the study had an annual frequency and covered the period from 1990 to 2012. These data came from the statistical database of the Business Membership and Research Association – The Conference Board Total Economy Database. On the basis of the study the phenomenon of jobless economic growth in China and India was revealed. However, in the case of the USA, the EU-15 and Japan the positive impact of economic growth on changes in employment was confirmed.
Mouth cancer – be mouthaware
Authors: Coates Karen
Published: November 2014

Throughout November, the British Dental Health Foundation runs Mouth Cancer Action Month, a campaign that aims to reduce incidences and deaths caused by mouth cancer, by raising awareness of the disease and promoting the value of early detection
Oral health care for homeless people
Authors: Shah Nahush , Boyle Carole A
Published: November 2014

This article will explain some of the reasons people become homeless, their oral health needs and what the dental team can do to help
The modern day dental nurse
Authors: Horton Laura
Published: November 2014

In this article, Laura Horton discusses how she became an upskilled dental nurse and how this can be a reality for so many dental nurses today as Scope of Practice allows dental nurses to become providers in their own right
Looking to the future: the changing role of the dental nurse
Authors: Singh Parmjit
Published: November 2014

This is the first article of a two-part series that will discuss the changing role of the dental nurse and the new opportunities that these changes will bring. This article will examine how the role is changing and how the Scope of Practice is contributing towards this change
Have you considered growing your own?
Authors: Donohoe Tom
Published: November 2014

The School Direct programme holds advantages for schools experienced in deploying NQTs. Not least it means they have control over who they recruit.
A chance to chill out and meet the animals
Authors: McKeown Sal
Published: November 2014

Dodford Children's Holiday Farm offers children the opportunity to spend time away from home and their parents, tune in to others and bond with friendly animals.
How one grumpy croc fell into the wrong book
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: November 2014

Witty, fun and packed with unexpected events, this book provides wide-ranging opportunities for key stage 1 literacy activities, says Claire Hewson.
Are you ready to enrich your pupils' learning?
Authors: Francis-Pester Dawn
Published: November 2014

Foreign Languages are now officially on the key stage 2 curriculum. Dawn Francis-Pester provides a guide to the new requirements and how teachers can meet them.
Feel on top of the world
Authors: Mynard Steve
Published: November 2014

Steve Mynard shares practical ideas to enthuse key stage 2 children about the geography of their local area. Start by climbing your nearest hill.
Identifying shapes, angles and lines of symmetry
Authors: Bosley Rachel , Bosley Mark
Published: November 2014

Geometrical concepts lend themselves well to programming and this hands-on tutorial using Scratch 2.0 highlights the appeal of this bespoke, animated resource.
Get fired up about the Science Museum
Authors: Davis John
Published: November 2014

It has the capacity to hold children spellbound and its offer is constantly evolving. John Davis provides the lowdown on how you can plan a perfect class visit.
‘Epic’ app ideas have commercial potential
Authors: Mckeown Sal
Published: November 2014

The Apps for Good Awards are now gaining momentum in primaries where pupils are using impressive creativity and flair when it come to building their own.
Young engineers are inspired by Lady Godiva
Authors: McKeown Sal
Published: November 2014

A project in Coventry, bringing together art and science, has involved children working on a real community commission and creating engineering feats.
Tell the real story
Authors: Aitken Liz
Published: November 2014

You can help key stage 1 pupils to focus on the importance of spoken language in maths by developing narratives around experiences and experiments with number.
‘Think of an animal and make up three clues…’
Authors: Bosley Rachel , Bosley Mark
Published: November 2014

Follow this tutorial to enhance children's knowledge of living things and habitat, ultimately providing the impetus to get away from screens and explore nature.
Be brilliantly inventive!
Authors: Gibson Poppy
Published: November 2014

Use the 50th anniversary of Ian Flemming's enduringly popular novel, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, to take your pupils on a literacy adventure they won't forget.
How game are they?
Authors: Donohoe Tom
Published: November 2014

Tom Donohoe poses questions that will help you reflect, evaluate and improve your key stage 2 games lessons. A strong teacher demonstration is always a good kick off.
Spark the desire to write
Authors: Whiteford Rhona
Published: November 2014

Arranging a writer visit or - better still, having a writer in residence - can fuel creativity, stretch boundaries and unlock hidden talents, says Rhona Whiteford.
How to be pitch perfect
Authors: Francis-Pester Dawn
Published: November 2014

Dawn Francis-Pester emphasises the importance of keeping your vocal chords in good shape and suggests tips for helping them stand up to the rigours of classroom use.
Making sense of SEND
Authors: Cartwright Eva
Published: November 2014

The new SEND Code of Practice provides an opportunity for teaching assistants to get involved in gauging and monitoring the level of support needed for individual pupils.
Thinking outside the box
Authors: McKeown Sal
Published: November 2014

Discussions arising from Rising Star's maths resources are promoting a collaborative approach to problem solving which builds pupil confidence and, best of all, is fun.
Too much, too soon?
Authors: Cosh Jackie
Published: November 2014

Jackie Cosh finds out how primaries are grappling with the logistics and cost of moving to the universal offer of free school meals for their younger children.
Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection of the musculoskeletal system
Authors: Park J. W. , Kim Y. S. , Yoon J. O. , Kim J. S. , Chang J. S. , Kim J. M. , Chun J. M. , Jeon I. H.
Published: November 2014

Non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection of the musculoskeletal tissue is a rare disease. An early and accurate diagnosis is often difficult because of the indolent clinical course and difficulty of isolating pathogens. Our goal was to determine the clinical features of musculoskeletal NTM infection and to present the treatment outcomes. A total of 29 patients (nine females, 20 males between 34 and 85 years old, mean age 61.7 years; 34 to 85) with NTM infection of the musculoskeletal system between 1998 to 2011 were identified and their treatment retrospectively analysed. Microbiological studies demonstrated NTM in 29 patients: the isolates were Mycobacterium intracellulare in six patients, M. fortuitum in three, M. abscessus in two and M. marinum in one. In the remaining patients we failed to identify the species. The involved sites were the hand/wrist in nine patients the knee in five patients, spine in four patients, foot in two patients, elbow in two patients, shoulder in one, ankle in two patients, leg in three patients and multiple in one patient. The mean interval between the appearance of symptoms and diagnosis was 20.8 months (1.5 to 180). All patients underwent surgical treatment and antimicrobial medication according to our protocol for chronic musculoskeletal infection: 20 patients had NTM-specific medication and nine had conventional antimicrobial therapy. At the final follow-up 22 patients were cured, three failed to respond to treatment and four were lost to follow-up. Identifying these diseases due the initial non-specific presentation can be difficult. Treatment consists of surgical intervention and adequate antimicrobial therapy, which can result in satisfactory outcomes.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1561–5.
Posterior iliac offset
Authors: Tonne B. M. , Kempton L. B. , Lack W. D. , Karunakar M. A.
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this study was to describe the radiological characteristics of a previously unreported finding: posterior iliac offset at the sacroiliac joint and to assess its association with pelvic instability as measured by initial displacement and early implant loosening or failure. Radiographs from 42 consecutive patients with a mean age of 42 years (18 to 77; 38 men, four women) and mean follow-up of 38 months (3 to 96) with Anteroposterior Compression II injuries, were retrospectively reviewed. Standardised measurements were recorded for the extent of any diastasis of the pubic symphysis, widening of the sacroiliac joint, static vertical ramus offset and a novel measurement (posterior offset of the ilium at the sacroiliac joint identified on axial CT scan). Pelvic fractures with posterior iliac offset exhibited greater levels of initial displacement of the anterior pelvis (anterior sacroiliac widening, pubic symphysis diastasis and static vertical ramus offset, p < 0.001,0.034 and 0.028, respectively). Pelvic fractures with posterior ilium offset also demonstrated higher rates of implant loosening regardless of fixation method (p = 0.05). Posterior offset of the ilium was found to be a reliable and reproducible measurement with substantial inter-observer agreement (kappa = 0.70). Posterior offset of the ilium on axial CT scan is associated with greater levels of initial pelvic displacement and early implant loosening.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1535–9.
Low grading of the severity of knee osteoarthritis pre-operatively is associated with a lower functional level after total knee replacement
Authors: Riis A. , Rathleff M. S. , Jensen M. B. , Simonsen O.
Published: November 2014

The optimal timing of total knee replacement (TKR) in patients with osteoarthritis, in relation to the severity of disease, remains controversial. This prospective study was performed to investigate the effect of the severity of osteoarthritis and other commonly available pre- and post-operative clinical parameters on the clinical outcome in a consecutive series of cemented TKRs. A total of 176 patients who underwent unilateral TKR were included in the study. Their mean age was 68 years (39 to 91), 63 (36%) were male and 131 knees (74%) were classified as grade 4 on the Kellgren–Lawrence osteoarthritis scale. A total of 154 patients (87.5%) returned for clinical review 12 months post-operatively, at which time the outcome was assessed using the Knee Society score.

A low radiological severity of osteoarthritis was not associated with pain 12 months post-operatively. However, it was significantly associated with an inferior level of function (p = 0.007), implying the need for increased focus on all possible reasons for pain in the knee and the forms of conservative treatment which are available for patients with lower radiological severity of osteoarthritis.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:1498–1502.
Total hip replacement in patients with Down syndrome and degenerative osteoarthritis of the hip
Authors: Amanatullah D. F. , Rachala S. R. , Trousdale R. T. , Sierra R. J.
Published: November 2014

Dysplasia of the hip, hypotonia, osteopenia, ligamentous laxity, and mental retardation increase the complexity of performing and managing patients with Down syndrome who require total hip replacement (THR). We identified 14 patients (six males, eight females, 21 hips) with Down syndrome and degenerative disease of the hip who underwent THR, with a minimum follow-up of two years from 1969 to 2009. In seven patients, bilateral THRs were performed while the rest had unilateral THRs. The mean clinical follow-up was 5.8 years (standard deviation (sd) 4.7; 2 to 17). The mean Harris hip score was 37.9 points (sd 7.8) pre-operatively and increased to 89.2 (sd 12.3) at final follow-up (p = 1x10-9). No patient suffered a post-operative dislocation. In three patients, four hips had revision THR for aseptic loosening at a mean follow-up of 7.7 years (sd 6.3; 3 to 17). This rate of revision THR was higher than expected. Our patients with Down syndrome benefitted clinically from THR at mid-term follow-up.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1455–8.
Umowa o udostępnienie skrytki bankowej w prawie francuskim
Authors: Budzinowska Marta
Published: November 2014

Umowa o udostępnienie skrytki bankowej nie jest uregulowana w prawie polskim, nie poświęcają jej też wiele uwagi ani doktryna, ani orzecznictwo. Natomiast judykatura i doktryna francuska już dawno zauważyły problemy łączące się z umową sejfową (fr. contrat de location de coffre-fort), o czym świadczą liczne orzeczenia sądowe oraz bogate piśmiennictwo. Przedmiotem rozważań są podstawowe aspekty analizowanej umowy w prawie francuskim: zawarcie i strony umowy, ich prawa i obowiązki, charakter prawny oraz odpowiedzialność banku za niewykonanie lub nienależyte wykonanie obowiązku ochrony skrytki, a także pełnomocnictwo do korzystania ze skrytki.W konkluzji autorka stwierdza, że we Francji oraz w Polsce ciężar konkretyzacji treści tej umowy spoczywa na stronach, a punktem odniesienia jest regulamin opracowany przez bank. Zagadnieniem o największej doniosłości praktycznej jest określenie praw i obowiązków stron umowy, a przede wszystkim zakresu odpowiedzialności banku. Powinien być on tak ustalony, by zapewnić maksymalną ochronę osobom korzystającym ze skrytek bankowych. Natomiast podstawowym zagadnieniem teoretycznym, ale mającym implikacje praktyczne, jest określenie charakteru prawnego umowy sejfowej. Powinno ono również mieć na uwadze zapewnienie jak najszerszej ochrony klientów banku i bezpieczeństwa obrotu.
Wpływ procykliczności na sprawowanie nadzoru makroostrożnościowego
Authors: Smaga Paweł
Published: November 2014

Celem artykułu jest analiza wpływu czasowego wymiaru ryzyka systemowego – procykliczności na sposób sprawowania nadzoru makroostrożnościowego. Mnogość czynników procyklicznych implikuje konieczność opracowania wielu narzędzi antycyklicznych ograniczających poszczególne czynniki. Z analizy wynika, że działania nadzoru makroostrożnościowego powinny przyjąć postawę proaktywną oraz należy przyjąć dłuższy horyzont analizy uwzględniający przyszłą niestabilność bez ulegania paradoksowi niestabilności i bezczynności. Nadzór makroostrożnościowy powinien działać zarówno w okresie ożywienia (ograniczanie narastania ryzyka systemowego), jak i dekoniunktury (łagodzenie przejawów jego materializacji), a niezależnie od fazy cyklu dążyć do wzmacniania odporności systemu finansowego na szoki. Kluczowe dla jego skuteczności jest opracowanie ram działania i sposobu implementacji jego narzędzi i uwzględnienie różnego nastawienia wobec procykliczności instytucji wchodzących w skład organu nadzoru makroostrożnościowego.
Społeczne zróżnicowanie umiejętności informatycznych. Redukcja czy reprodukcja nierówności społecznych?
Authors: Cebula Michał
Published: November 2014

Artykuł porusza kwestię relacji między korzystaniem z globalnej sieci internetowej a stratyfikacją społeczną. Wbrew wielu utopijnym twierdzeniom korzystanie z technologii jest raczej osadzone w już istniejących społecznych podziałach i stosunkach dominacji, niż przyczynia się do ich zniwelowania. Problem ten, zwany „cyfrowym podziałem”, ewoluował od prostych rozróżnień na użytkowników i nieużytkowników sieci w stronę ujęć wielowymiarowych, wskazujących na nierówności wśród samych internautów. Czerpiąc z teorii Pierre’a Bourdieu, autor artykułu analizuje dane na temat aktywności internetowych mieszkańców Wrocławia. Wyniki wskazują, że nawet przy kontroli zmiennej „dostęp do Internetu”, status socjoekonomiczny (i pozycja klasowa) jest istotnym predykatorem sposobu wykorzystania sieci w życiu codziennym. To osoby uprzywilejowane społecznie w większej mierze angażują się w czynności zwiększające ich zasoby. Zidentyfikowano dwa typy orientacji internetowych: informacyjno-utylitarny i komunikacyjno-rozrywkowy, oba skorelowane z takimi wskaźnikami struktury społecznej, jak: pozycja klasowa, kapitał kulturowy czy ekonomiczny. Wszystko to prowadzi do wniosku, że korzystanie z omawianej technologii nie może być analizowane w oderwaniu od kontekstu społecznego i kulturowego, w którym jest ona osadzona.
Prawnospadkowe konsekwencje popełnienia przestępstwa
Authors: Haberko Joanna , Zawłocki Robert
Published: November 2014

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza zagadnienia relacji między przepisami prawa cywilnego a przepisami prawa karnego w zakresie, w jakim odnoszą się one do instytucji prawa spadkowego pozwalających na wydziedziczenie oraz orzeczenie niegodności w związku z popełnieniem przestępstwa. Autorzy podejmują próbę udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy posługiwanie się przez ustawodawcę cywilnego pojęciami właściwymi prawu karnemu stanowi zabieg celowy i nakazuje odesłanie do przepisów Kodeksu karnego, czy stanowi jedynie pewien zabieg językowy i nie nakłada na interpretatora przepisów Kodeksu cywilnego tego obowiązku. Przedmiotem analizy pozostają przesłanki orzeczenia niegodności spadkobiercy oraz wydziedziczenia spadkobiercy uprawnionego do zachowku.
Performance of CKD-EPI equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate as compared to MDRD equation in South Brazilian individuals in each stage of renal function
Authors: Veronese Francisco Veríssimo , Gomes Eduardo C. , Chanan Joana , Carraro Maicon A. , Camargo Eduardo G. , Soares Ariana A. , Thomé Fernando S. , Silveiro Sandra P.
Published: November 2014

The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation seems to correct the overdiagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) provided by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. However, this point has not been tested in some ethnic groups. This study investigated the performance of MDRD and CKD-EPI equations in South Brazilian individuals.

This cross-sectional study included 354 individuals including healthy volunteers, diabetic and non-diabetic individuals with or without CKD. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured by the

In the group as a whole,

CKD-EPI reduces GFR underestimation in individuals with GFRs >60, but still presents a quite low accuracy at this GFR range. Moreover, it tends to overestimate GFR in subjects with GFRs <60 mL/min/1.73 m
The impact of repeat-testing of common chemistry analytes at critical concentrations
Authors: Onyenekwu Chinelo P. , Hudson Careen L. , Zemlin Annalise E. , Erasmus Rajiv T.
Published: November 2014

Early notification of critical values by the clinical laboratory to the treating physician is a requirement for accreditation and is essential for effective patient management. Many laboratories automatically repeat a critical value before reporting it to prevent possible misdiagnosis. Given today’s advanced instrumentation and quality assurance practices, we questioned the validity of this approach. We performed an audit of repeat-testing in our laboratory to assess for significant differences between initial and repeated test results, estimate the delay caused by repeat-testing and to quantify the cost of repeating these assays.

A retrospective audit of repeat-tests for sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the first quarter of 2013 at Tygerberg Academic Laboratory was conducted. Data on the initial and repeat-test values and the time that they were performed was extracted from our laboratory information system. The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment criteria for allowable error were employed to assess for significant difference between results.

A total of 2308 repeated tests were studied. There was no significant difference in 2291 (99.3%) of the samples. The average delay ranged from 35 min for magnesium to 42 min for sodium and calcium. At least 2.9% of laboratory running costs for the analytes was spent on repeating them.

The practice of repeating a critical test result appears unnecessary as it yields similar results, delays notification to the treating clinician and increases laboratory running costs.
UF-1000i: validation of the body fluid mode for counting cells in body fluids
Authors: Fleming Chérina , Brouwer Rob , van Alphen Adriaan , Lindemans Jan , de Jonge Robert
Published: November 2014

: We evaluated the new body fluid mode on the UF-1000

: We collected 154 body fluid samples, and compared the results of the UF-1000

: Method comparison results showed acceptable WBC agreement between UF-1000

: The UF-1000
Benefits and limitations of laboratory diagnostic pathways
Authors: Hoffmann Georg , Aufenanger Johannes , Födinger Manuela , Cadamuro Janne , von Eckardstein Arnold , Kaeslin-Meyer Martha , Hofmann Walter
Published: November 2014

Diagnostic pathways are an essential subset of clinical pathways and a logical consequence of DRG-based reimbursement. They combine the principle of stepwise reflex and reflective testing with a management concept that helps to fulfill medical needs with organizational and economic efficacy. The two most common formats describing diagnostic pathways are graphical decision trees on paper and “if…then…else” rules on computers. From a laboratory point of view, diagnostic pathways represent “smart” test profiles, which – in contrast to conventional (inflexible) profiles – are not necessarily worked off completely, but just to a point, where a diagnostic decision can be made. This improves the cost-effectiveness of laboratory testing, while making sure that no essential tests are missed. The paper describes benefits and limitations of diagnostic pathways from a medical, organizational, and economic point of view. Their major advantage is also their major drawback, since they make the diagnostic process on the one hand extremely straight-forward and transparent, while on the other hand oversimplifying the underlying medical decision principles. This may provoke the abuse of their primarily medical intentions for mere economic purposes.
Ca0.15Zr0.85O1.85 Thin Film for Application to MIM Capacitor on Organic Substrate
Authors: Kim Jin-Seong , Han Jae-Min , Joung Mi-Ri , Kweon Sang-Hyo , Kang Chong-Yun , Paik Jong-Hoo , Jeong Young-Hun , Nahm Sahn
Published: November 2014

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