bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perencanaan Sudu Turbin Angin Untwisted Kapasitas 300 Watt Menggunakan NACA 4417
Authors: Ridwan Abrar
Published: March 2020

Pemanfaatan energi berkelanjutan merupakan usaha yang tidak pernah berhenti dilakukan oleh ilmuwan dan praktisi, salah satunya pembangkit listrik turbin angin. Potensi angin diatas gedung rektorat lantai 7 Universitas Muhammadiyah Riau berkisar  4 – 7 m/s dan nilai tersebut sangat berpotensi untuk membantu suplai daya listrik ke gedung tersebut. Telah dilakukan perencanan dimensi sudu turbin dan bentuk aerofoil dengan referensi NACA 4417 berkapasitas daya 300 watt, radius sudu turbin  2,4 meter dengan tipe untwisted didapat nilai chord dipangkal (root) 0,730 m dan diujung (tip) 0,124 m sedangkan ketebalan maksimum chord dipangkal 0,186 m dan diujung 0,015 m. Gaya maksimum aksial turbin adalah 119 N. Bentuk disain akan menjadi parameter pembuatan sudu turbin berbahan baku unggulan lokal berupa limbah pelepah sawit.
Bifurcations and Chaos in Current-Driven Induction Motor
Authors: Abdul-Hassan Khalid , Tahir Fadhil , Ayoob Fatma
Published: March 2020

In this paper, a model of PI-speed control current-driven induction motor based on indirect field oriented control (IFOC) is addressed. To assess the complex dynamics of a system, different dynamical properties, such as stability of equilibrium points, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents spectrum, and phase portraits are characterized. It is found that the induction motor model exhibits chaotic behaviors when its parameters fall into a certain region. Small variations of PI parameters and load torque affect the dynamics and stability of this electric machine. A chaotic attractor has been observed and the speed of the motor oscillates chaotically. Numericalsimulation results are validating the theoretical analysis.
Performance Evaluation of OFDM System with Insufficient CP Using LMS Equalizer under Harsh Multipath Conditions
Authors: Fakher Abolqassem , Alnahwi Falih , Alwan Majid
Published: March 2020

This paper presents an insufficient cyclic prefix (CP) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system with equalizer whose coefficients are calculated using Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm. The OFDM signal is passed through a channel with four multipath signals which cause the OFDM signal to be under high inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI).8-QAM and 16-QAM digital modulation techniques are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The simulation results have accentuated the high performance of the LMS equalizer via comparing its Bit Error Rate (BER) and constellation diagram with those of the Minimum Mean Square Error and Zero Forcing equalizers. Moreover, the results also reveal that the LMS equalizer provides BER performance close to that of the OFDM system with a hypothetical sufficient CP.
RP Lidar Sensor for Multi-Robot Localization using Leader Follower Algorithm
Authors: Issa Bayadir , Rashid Abdulmuttalib
Published: March 2020

In this paper, a new technique for multi-robot localization in an unknown environment, called the leader-follower localization algorithm is presented. The framework utilized here is one robot that goes about as a leader and different robots are considered as followers distributed randomly in the environment. Every robot equipped with RP lidar sensors to scan the environment and gather information about every robot. This information utilized by the leader to distinguish and confine every robot in the environment. The issue of not noticeable robots is solved by contrasting their distances with the leader. Moreover, the equivalent distance robot issue is unraveled by utilizing the permutation algorithm. Several simulation scenarios with different positions and orientations are implemented on (3-7) robots to show the performance of the introduced technique.
An Optimized Complementary Filter For An Inertial Measurement Unit Contain MPU6050 Sensor
Authors: Albaghdadi Ahmed , Ali Abduladhem
Published: March 2020

It can be said that the system of sensing the tilt angle and speed of a multi-rotor copter come in the first rank among all the other sensors on the multi-rotor copters and all other planes due to its important roles for stabilization. The MPU6050 sensor is one of the most popular sensors in this field. It has an embedded 3-axis accelerometer and a 3-axis gyroscope. It is a simple sensor in dealing with it and extracting accurate data. Everything changes when this sensor is placed on the plane. It becomes very complicated to deal with it due to vibration of the motors on the multirotor copter. In this study, two main problems were diagnosed was solved that appear in most sensors when they are applied to a high-frequency vibrating environment. The first problem is how to get a precise angle of the sensor despite the presence of vibration. The second problem is how to overcome the errors that appear when the multirotor copter revolves around its vertical axis during the tilting in either direction x or y or both. The first problem was solved in two steps. The first step involves mixing data of the gyroscope sensor with the data of auxetometer sensor by a mathematical equation based on optimized complementary filter using gray wolf optimization algorithm GWO. The second step involves designing a suitable FIR filter for data. The second problem was solved by finding a non-linear mathematical relationship between the angles of the copter in both X and Y directions, and the rotation around the vertical axis of multirotor copter frame.
ANALISIS DEBIT BANJIR SUNGAI MELUPO DENGAN METODE HSS GAMA 1
Authors: Kasim Talib W.
Published: March 2020

ABSTRAK

Sungai Meluopo merupakan daerah pasir dan batuan kecil, dibagian hulu sungai merupakan daerah hutan yang saat ini sudah menjadi lahan perkebunan dan pertanian. Mengurangi resiko terjadinya kerusakan akibat banjir di sekitar Sungai Meluopo dibutuhkan upaya pengendalian banjir. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini Menganalisis debit banjir Sungai Meluopo dengan metode HSS Gama I dan pengendalian banjir yang terjadi di Sungai Meluopo. Analisis data terdiri atas analisa curah hujan untuk mendapatkan curah hujan rencana dan analisa debit banjir untuk mendapatkan debit banjir rencana dengan berbagai periode kala ulang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Periode ulang 2 tahun sebesar Q= 93.43 m3/det, periode ulang 5 tahun sebesar Q=105.74 m3/det, periode ulang 10 tahun sebesar Q=112.18m3/det, periode ulang 25 tahun sebesar Q= 120.39 m3/det, periode ulang 50 tahun sebesar Q= 123.47 m3/det, periode ulang 100 tahun sebesar Q= 127.57m3/det.

Kata Kunci: Sungai Meluopo, banjir, curah hujan & debit
Quality of Life in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma According to Treatment: Total Thyroidectomy with or without Radioactive Iodine Ablation
Authors: Ahn Jonghwa , Jeon Min Ji , Song Eyun , Kim Tae Yong , Kim Won Bae , Shong Young Kee , Kim Won Gu
Published: March 2020

Background: Recently, there has been some controversy regarding the role of radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation in the treatment of low-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), especially papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). This study aimed to compare quality of life (QoL) parameters between patients with PTMC who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) alone and those who underwent TT with RAI ablation. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients with PTMC who underwent TT with/without RAI remnant ablation were prospectively enrolled between June 2016 and October 2017. All patients completed three questionnaires: the 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12), thyroid cancer-specific quality of life (THYCA-QoL) questionnaire, and fear of progression (FoP) questionnaire. Results: The TT and TT with RAI groups comprised 107 and 182 patients, respectively. The TT with RAI group had significantly lower serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels than the TT group. However, after matching for TSH levels between the groups (n=100 in both groups), there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. According to the SF-12, the score for general health was significantly lower in the TT with RAI group than in the TT group (P=0.047). The THYCA-QoL also showed a significant difference in the “felt chilly” score between groups (P=0.023). No significant differences in FoP scores were observed between the groups. Conclusion: Patients with PTMC who underwent TT with RAI ablation experienced more health-related problems than those managed with TT alone. These findings support the idea that RAI ablation should be carefully considered in patients with low-risk DTCs.
Unmet Clinical Needs in the Treatment of Patients with Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Kim Won Bae , Jeon Min Ji , Kim Won Gu , Kim Tae Yong , Shong Young Kee
Published: March 2020

The increased incidence of thyroid cancer is a worldwide phenomenon; however, the issue of overdiagnosis has been most prominent in South Korea. The age-standardized mortality rate of thyroid cancer in Korea steeply increased from 1985 to 2004 (from 0.17 per 100,000 to 0.85 per 100,000), and then decreased until 2015 to 0.42 per 100,000, suggesting that early detection reduced mortality. However, early detection of thyroid cancer may be cost-ineffective, considering its very high prevalence and indolent course. Therefore, risk stratification and tailored management are vitally important, but many prognostic markers can only be evaluated postoperatively. Discovery of preoperative marker(s), especially for small cancers, is the most important unmet clinical need for thyroid cancer. Herein, we discuss some such factors that we recently discovered. Another unmet clinical need is better treatment of radioiodine-refractory (RAIR) differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and undifferentiated cancers. Although sorafenib and lenvatinib are available, better drugs are needed. We found that phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, a critical enzyme for serine biosynthesis, could be a novel therapeutic target, and that the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio is a prognostic marker of survival in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma or RAIR DTC. Deeper insights are needed into tumor-host interactions in thyroid cancer to improve treatment.
Therapeutic Effect of a Novel Chimeric Molecule Targeting Both Somatostatin and Dopamine Receptors on Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Kim Jean , Oh Ju Hun , Harlem Heather , Culler Michael D. , Ku Cheol Ryong , Lee Eun Jig
Published: March 2020

Background: Acromegaly is a rare disease primarily caused by growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenomas, and its treatment is costly. Moreover, some patients are unresponsive to treatment. Hence, there are increasing efforts to develop new drugs with improved effectiveness for this disease. BIM23B065 is a novel chimeric molecule that acts on both somatostatin and dopamine receptors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of BIM23B065 compared with those of a somatostatin receptor analog and a dopamine agonist. Methods: The effects of BIM23B065 on the proliferation, GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and cyclic AMP response element binding (CREB) phosphorylation of GH3 cells were investigated with MTS assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blotting, respectively. The dosage and treatment duration of BIM23B065 were tested in animal models of GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. The effect of BIM23B065 (3 mg/kg/day) on changes in IGF-1 levels before and after treatment was further investigated. Results: In vitro, BIM23B065 treatment decreased GH release in the culture media and downregulated ERK 1/2 and CREB phosphorylation to 22% and 26%, respectively. In vivo, IGF-1 expression decreased to 50 % after 4 weeks of treatment with BIM23B065 using an osmotic pump implant. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging results showed that the tumor size decreased significantly following treatment with BIM23B065 for 4 weeks. Conclusion: The novel chimeric molecule was effective in decreasing IGF-1 and GH levels and may serve as an effective therapeutic agent for acromegaly.
Recent Improvements in Genomic and Transcriptomic Understanding of Anaplastic and Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancers
Authors: Yoo Seong-Keun , Song Young Shin , Park Young Joo , Seo Jeong-Sun
Published: March 2020

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a lethal human cancer with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Recently, its genomic and transcriptomic characteristics have been extensively elucidated over 5 years owing to advance in high throughput sequencing. These efforts have extended molecular understandings into the progression mechanisms and therapeutic vulnerabilities of aggressive thyroid cancers. In this review, we provide an overview of genomic and transcriptomic alterations in ATC and poorly-differentiated thyroid cancer, which are distinguished from differentiated thyroid cancers. Clinically relevant genomic alterations and deregulated signaling pathways will be able to shed light on more effective prevention and stratified therapeutic interventions for affected patients.
Machine Learning Applications in Endocrinology and Metabolism Research: An Overview
Authors: Hong Namki , Park Heajeong , Rhee Yumie
Published: March 2020

Machine learning (ML) applications have received extensive attention in endocrinology research during the last decade. This review summarizes the basic concepts of ML and certain research topics in endocrinology and metabolism where ML principles have been actively deployed. Relevant studies are discussed to provide an overview of the methodology, main findings, and limitations of ML, with the goal of stimulating insights into future research directions. Clear, testable study hypotheses stem from unmet clinical needs, and the management of data quality (beyond a focus on quantity alone), open collaboration between clinical experts and ML engineers, the development of interpretable high-performance ML models beyond the black-box nature of some algorithms, and a creative environment are the core prerequisites for the foreseeable changes expected to be brought about by ML and artificial intelligence in the field of endocrinology and metabolism, with actual improvements in clinical practice beyond hype. Of note, endocrinologists will continue to play a central role in these developments as domain experts who can properly generate, refine, analyze, and interpret data with a combination of clinical expertise and scientific rigor.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOLERANCE OF AMBIGUITY AND CREATIVITY IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO
Authors: Mahmoud Naiera Ebrahim , Kamel Shaimaa Mohamed , Hamza Tamer Samir
Published: March 2020

Creativity is a cognitive ability that enables individuals to come up with both original and functional ideas and products. As architectural design requires producing aesthetic and practically useful solutions, it is a primary concern to enhance creativity in design disciplines. Many theorists argued that design is a non-linear process and many components of design problems are not clear at the beginning. At the start of the process, designers are always working at the periphery of a solution space where there is less coherence and more ambiguity. Thus, they must deal with a lot of ambiguity in every design situation. These states of uncertainty and confusion can be annoying for architecture students. On the other hand, tolerance of ambiguity is a personality trait that has been linked to creative thinking. Therefore, this paper attempts to investigate the correlation between tolerance of ambiguity of architectural students and their creativity via a qualitative study. The researchers implemented a mixed-method approach and recruited 18 architecture students. The results from this study revealed that there is a significant correlation between students’ creative thinking abilities and their tolerance for ambiguity. Our results also indicated that there is no statistically significant correlation between students’ tolerance of ambiguity and their design creativity.
ON THE INFLUENCE FACTORS OF AUDIO-VISUAL COMFORT OF MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPE BASED ON FIELD SURVE
Authors: Liu Fangfang , Kang Jian , Meng Qi
Published: March 2020

This study is aimed to investigate factors that can affect the audio-visual comfort of tourists with a mountainous landscape.
The results reveal that the audio-visual comfort of tourists is positively correlated with the percentage of tourists engaged in a dynamic state.
In contrast, the audio-visual comfort has strong negative correlations with density, sound pressure level and sound characters including fluctuation
and loudness. Overall, respondents in the mountain area find the audio-visual level most comfortable when the ratio of visitors in dynamic states is
greater than 33%, the fluctuation of sound is within 0.08 vacil, the loudness of sound is less than 46 sone, the population density is less than
0.822 person/m2, and the sound pressure level is less than 82 dB. Compared with urban areas, a 24 dB increase in the sound pressure level threshold
is observed for a positive evaluation of audio-visual comfort in the mountain area.
The AMUSING++ Nearby Galaxy Compilation. I. Full Sample Characterization and Galactic-scale Outflow Selection
Authors: López-Cobá Carlos , Sánchez Sebastián F. , Anderson Joseph P. , Cruz-González Irene , Galbany Lluís , Ruiz-Lara Tomás , Barrera-Ballesteros Jorge K. , Prieto José L. , Kuncarayakti Hanindyo
Published: March 2020

We present here AMUSING++: the largest compilation of nearby galaxies observed with the MUSE integral-field spectrograph so far. This collection consists of 635 galaxies from different MUSE projects covering the redshift interval 0.0002 < z < 0.1. The sample and its main properties are characterized and described here. It includes galaxies of almost all morphological types, with a good coverage in its color–magnitude diagram, within the stellar mass range between 108 and 1012
M
⊙, and with properties resembling those of a diameter-selected sample. The AMUSING++ sample is, therefore, suitable for studying, with unprecendented detail, the properties of nearby galaxies at global and local scales, providing us with more than 50 million individual spectra. We use this compilation to investigate the presence of galactic outflows. We exploit the use of combined emission-line images to explore the shape of the different ionized components and the distribution along classical diagnostic diagrams to disentangle the different ionizing sources across the optical extension of each galaxy. We use the cross-correlation function to estimate the level of symmetry of the emission lines as an indication of the presence of shocks and/or active galactic nuclei. We uncovered a total of 54 outflows, comprising ∼8% of the sample. A large number of the discovered outflows correspond to those driven by active galactic nuclei (∼60%), suggesting some bias in the selection of our sample. No clear evidence was found that outflow host galaxies are highly star-forming, and outflows appear to be found within all galaxies around the star-formation sequence.
A Comprehensive Study of Hα Emitters at z ∼ 0.62 in the DAWN Survey: The Need for Deep and Wide Regions
Authors: Harish Santosh , Coughlin Alicia , Rhoads James E. , Malhotra Sangeeta , Finkelstein Steven L. , Stevans Matthew , Tilvi Vithal S. , Khostovan Ali Ahmad , Veilleux Sylvain , Wang Junxian , Hibon Pascale , Zabl Johnnes , Joshi Bhavin , Pharo John , Wold Isak , Perez Lucia A. , Zheng Zhen-Ya , Probst Ronald , Swaters Rob , Mobasher Bahram , Jiang Tianxing , Yang Huan
Published: March 2020

We present new estimates of the luminosity function (LF) and star formation rate density (SFRD) for an Hα-selected sample at z ∼ 0.62 from the Deep And Wide Narrow-band (DAWN) survey. Our results are based on a new Hα sample in the extended COSMOS region (compared to Coughlin et al.) with the inclusion of flanking fields, resulting in a total area coverage of ∼1.5 deg2. A total of 241 Hα emitters were selected based on robust selection criteria using spectrophotometric redshifts and broadband color–color classification. Given that dust extinction is a dominant uncertainty in the estimation of LF and SFRD, we explore the effect of different dust-correction prescriptions by calculating the LF and SFRD using a constant dust extinction correction, AHα
 = 1 mag, a luminosity-dependent correction, and a stellar-mass-dependent correction. The resulting Hα LFs are well fitted using Schechter functions with best-fit parameters: L* = 1042.24 erg s−1, ϕ* = 10−2.85 Mpc−3, α = −1.62 for constant dust correction, L

erg s−1, ϕ* = 10−2.8 Mpc−3, α = −1.39 for luminosity-dependent dust correction, and L* = 1042.36 erg s−1, ϕ* = 10−2.91 Mpc−3, α = −1.48, for stellar-mass-dependent dust correction. The deep and wide nature of the DAWN survey effectively samples Hα emitters over a wide range of luminosities, thereby providing better constraints on both the faint and bright ends of the LF. Also, the SFRD estimates ρ
SFR = 10−1.39
M
⊙ yr−1 Mpc−3 (constant dust correction), ρ
SFR = 10−1.47
M
⊙ yr−1 Mpc−3 (luminosity-dependent dust correction), and ρ
SFR = 10−1.46
M
⊙ yr−1 Mpc−3 (stellar-mass-dependent dust correction) are in good agreement with the evolution of SFRD across redshifts (0 < z < 2) seen from previous Hα surveys.
Paβ, Hα, and Attenuation in NGC 5194 and NGC 6946
Authors: Kessler Sarah , Leroy Adam , Querejeta Miguel , Murphy Eric , Rebolledo David , Sandstrom Karin , Schinnerer Eva , Wong Tony
Published: March 2020

We combine Hubble Space Telescope Paschen β (Paβ) imaging with ground-based, previously published Hα maps to estimate the attenuation affecting Hα, A(Hα), across the nearby, face-on galaxies NGC 5194 and NGC 6946. We estimate A(Hα) in ∼2000 independent 2″ ∼ 75 pc diameter apertures in each galaxy, spanning out to a galactocentric radius of almost 10 kpc. In both galaxies, A(Hα) drops with radius, with a bright, high-attenuation inner region, though in detail the profiles differ between the two galaxies. Regions with the highest attenuation-corrected Hα luminosity show the highest attenuation, but the observed Hα luminosity of a region is not a good predictor of attenuation in our data. Consistent with much previous work, the IR-to-Hα color does a good job of predicting A(Hα). We calculate the best-fit empirical coefficients for use combining Hα with 8, 12, 24, 70, or 100 μm to correct for attenuation. These agree well with previous work, but we also measure significant scatter around each of these linear relations. The local atomic plus molecular gas column density, N(H), also predicts A(Hα) well. We show that a screen with magnitude ∼0.2 times that expected for a Milky Way gas-to-dust value does a reasonable job of explaining A(Hα) as a function of N(H). This could be expected if only ∼40% of gas and dust directly overlap regions of Hα emission.
Exploring the Mass Segregation Effect of X-Ray Sources in Globular Clusters. III. Signs of Binary Disruption in M28
Authors: Cheng Zhongqun , Mu Huijun , Li Zhiyuan , Xu Xiaojie , Wang Wei , Li Xiangdong
Published: March 2020

Using archival Chandra observations with a total effective exposure of 323 ks, we derive an updated catalog of point sources in the bulge globular cluster M28. The catalog contains 502 X-ray sources within an area of ∼475 arcmin2, and more than 90% of these sources are first detected in this cluster. We find significant dips in the radial distribution profiles of X-ray sources in M28, and the projected distance and width of the distribution dip for bright (L
X ≳ 4.5 × 1030 erg s−1) X-ray sources are larger than for faint (L
X ≲ 4.5 × 1030 erg s−1) sources. Fitting with the “generalized King model” gives a slightly larger average mass for the bright sources (1.30 ± 0.15 M
⊙) than for the faint ones (1.09 ± 0.14 M
⊙), which supports a universal delay in mass segregation between heavy objects in globular clusters. We show that the dynamical age of M28 is comparable to that of Terzan 5 and much smaller than that of 47 Tuc, but M28 is evolving faster (i.e., with a shorter two-body relaxation timescale) than 47 Tuc. These features may suggest an acceleration effect of cluster dynamical evolution by tidal shock in M28. Besides, we find an abnormal deficiency of X-ray sources in the central region (R ≲ 1.′5) of M28 compared with its outskirts, which indicates that M28 may have suffered an early phase of primordial binary disruption within its central region, and the mass segregation effect will erase such a phenomenon as clusters evolve to an older dynamical age.
ASASSN-16oh: A Nova Outburst with No Mass Ejection—A New Type of Supersoft X-Ray Source in Old Populations
Authors: Kato Mariko , Saio Hideyuki , Hachisu Izumi
Published: March 2020

ASASSN-16oh is a peculiar transient supersoft X-ray source without a mass-ejection signature in the field of the Small Magellanic Cloud. Maccarone et al. concluded that ASASSN-16oh is the first dwarf nova with supersoft X-ray that originated from an equatorial accretion belt on a white dwarf (WD). Hillman et al. proposed a thermonuclear runaway model that both the X-rays and V/I photons are emitted from the hot WD. We propose a nova model induced by a high rate of mass accretion during a dwarf nova outburst, i.e., the X-rays originate from the surface of the hydrogen-burning WD whereas the V/I photons are from the irradiated disk. Our model explains the main observational properties of ASASSN-16oh. We also obtained thermonuclear runaway models with no mass ejection for a wide range of parameters of the WD mass and mass-accretion rates including both natural and forced novae in low-metal environments of Z = 0.001 and Z = 0.0001. They are a new type of periodic supersoft X-ray sources with no mass ejection and also a bright transient in V/I bands if they have a large disk. We suggest that such objects are candidates for Type Ia supernova progenitors because its mass is increasing at a very high efficiency (∼100%).
Modeling the Formation of the Lunar Upper Megaregolith Layer
Authors: Richardson James E. , Abramov Oleg
Published: March 2020

In this work, we divide the classic “lunar megaregolith” layer into three distinct regions: (1) a Surficial Regolith layer, about 5–20 m in depth, consisting of loose, unconsolidated fines and breccia, and characterized by frequent overturn and comminution caused by small impacts; (2) an Upper Megaregolith layer, about 1–3 km in depth, consisting of depositional layers of brecciated and/or melted material, and characterized by the transport and deposition of material via either transient crater gravitational collapse or impact ejecta ballistic sedimentation; and (3) a Lower Megaregolith layer, about 20–25 km in depth, consisting of bedrock that has been fractured in place, and characterized by a fracture-density and fragment-size distribution that decreases rapidly with increasing depth. The objective of this study is to model the formation of the lunar Upper Megaregolith layer, the least well characterized of these three layers, using modern scaling relationships and a three-dimensional terrain, Monte Carlo cratering model. We first developed a model impactor population that accurately reproduces the Lunar Highlands crater population, which is assumed to originate in the Main Asteroid Belt. We then applied this impactor population in multiple full-scale lunar surface simulations, producing an Upper Megaregolith depth of 1.4 ± 1.0 km at the point of best χ
2 fit between model and actual crater counts. This Upper Megaregolith layer consists of ∼60% crater collapse deposits and ∼40% impact ejecta deposits. We find that a total delivered impactor mass of 3.72 ± 1.14 × 1019 kg, or 0.0506 ± 0.0156 lunar weight percent (wt%), is required to reproduce the observed Lunar Highlands cratering record.
On the Delivery of DART-ejected Material from Asteroid (65803) Didymos to Earth
Authors: Wiegert Paul
Published: March 2020

The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft is planned to impact the secondary of the binary asteroid (65803) Didymos in 2022 to assess deflection strategies for planetary defense. The impact will create a crater and release asteroidal material, some of which will escape the Didymos system. Because the closest point of approach of Didymos to Earth’s orbit is only 6 million km (about 16 times the Earth–Moon distance), some ejected material will make its way sooner or later to our planet, and the observation of these particles as meteors would increase the scientific payout of the DART mission. The DART project may also represent the first human-generated meteoroids to reach Earth and is a test case for human activity on asteroids and its eventual contribution to the meteoroid environment and spacecraft impact risk. This study examines the amount and timing of the delivery of meteoroids from Didymos to near-Earth space. This study finds that very little DART-ejected material will reach our planet, and most of that only after thousands of years. But some material ejected at the highest velocities could be delivered to Earth-crossing trajectories almost immediately, though at very low fluxes. Timing and radiant directions for material reaching Earth are calculated, though the detection of substantial numbers would indicate more abundant and/or faster ejecta than is expected. The DART impact will create a new meteoroid stream, though probably not a very dense one. However, larger, more capable asteroid impactors could create meteoroid streams in which the particle flux exceeds that naturally occurring in the solar system, with implications for spacecraft safety.
A new marine tardigrade genus and species (Arthrotardigrada, Styraconyxidae) with unique pockets on the legs
Authors: Fujimoto Shinta , Jimi Naoto
Published: March 2020

A marine heterotardigrade Cyaegharctus kitamuraigen. et sp. nov. (Arthrotardigrada, Styraconyxidae) is described from Daidokutsu, a submarine cave off Iejima island, Okinawa Islands, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. It is easily distinguished from all other styraconyxids by its pocket organs (putative sensory structures) on all legs in addition to the usual leg sensory organs. Its combination of other character states, such as the dorso-ventrally flattened body, ovoid primary clavae, conical secondary clavae, large terminal anus, internal digits with proximal pads and peduncles, external digits with developed peduncles and all digits with three-pointed claws in adult female, supports the erection of a new genus and species.
Esotropia Outcomes and the Influence of Delay to Wearing Full Hypermetropic Correction
Authors: Brennan Rosie , McCance Patrick , Yeong Jian Lee , Adamson Gary , Mallett John
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

To assess whether delay to full hypermetropic correction wear in children might influence the outcome of a diagnosis of full versus partially accommodative esotropia.

Methods:

All children younger than 7 years who were referred with possible strabismus over a 1-year period were assessed. A standard set of details were documented: age at which esotropia was first noticed, age at which esotropia was confirmed by an orthoptist, age at which glasses were prescribed, and age at which full refractive error was constantly worn. When full-time hypermetropic correction was worn, the type of esotropia was determined.

Results:

There were 430 children referred. Of these, 117 had a concomitant esotropia (62 males and 55 females). Esotropia was confirmed at 35.47 ± 16.67 months of age (range: 4 to 78 months). There were 51 children (43.6%) with full accommodative esotropia, 57 (48.7%) with partially accommodative esotropia, and 9 (7.7%) with nonaccommodative esotropia. Longer delays between the time at which esotropia was identified and the time at which glasses were prescribed were associated with a reduced likelihood of an outcome of full versus partially accommodative esotropia (odds ratio [OR] = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.58 to 0.93). Delay to glasses wear for full and partially accommodative esotropia was 1.94 ± 6.4 and 6.24 ± 8.36 months, respectively. Higher average spherical correction scores were associated with a higher likelihood of being in the full accommodative esotropia group (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.69).

Conclusions:

A child with recent onset concomitant esotropia is more likely to achieve full versus partially accommodative esotropia if the delay to full hypermetropic corrective glasses wear is minimized.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(2):85–89.]
Evaluation of All Causes of Visual Function Loss in Children With Congenital Blepharoptosis
Authors: Ural Ozlem , Mocan Mehmet C. , Erdener Ugur
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the overall frequency of visual function loss in pediatric patients with congenital blepharoptosis.

Methods:

This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary center. The clinical records of patients younger than 18 years who were diagnosed as having congenital blephroptosis, underwent surgery, and had at least 1 year of postoperative follow-up were evaluated. Visual acuity results, presence of structural eye abnormalities, presence and type of amblyopia and strabismus, and refractive errors were recorded. The Mann–Whitney
U
test, chi-square test, and stepwise regression analysis were used for statistical analyses.

Results:

The mean final visual acuity was 0.11 ± 0.23 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) (range: 0.0 to 1.0 logMAR) at the final follow-up visit for 143 eyes of 123 patients (65 male and 58 female). In this cohort, 30 patients (24.4%) had amblyopia and 5 patients (4.1%) had visual loss related to structural eye pathology, amounting to a total of 35 patients (28.5%) with visual function loss. The mean final visual acuities of patients without amblyopia, patients with amblyopia, and patients with organic eye disorders were 0.01 ± 0.03, 0.29 ± 0.28, and 0.55 ± 0.42 logMAR, respectively. Severe blepharoptosis (≥ 4 mm) was present in 25 patients (83.3%) with amblyopia. Deprivational amblyopia was detected in 25 of 36 eyes (69.4%) with amblyopia. Independent risk factors associated with final visual acuity were presence of amblyopia at presentation (correlation coefficient [ß] ± standard error [SE] = −0.29 ± 0.04;
P
< .001), anisometropia (ß ± SE = −0.27 ± 0.06;
P
< .001), and ptosis severity (ß ± SE = −0.09 ± 0.04;
P
= .012). Visual impairment (visual acuity < 20/40) persisted in 11.9% of eyes at the final follow-up.

Conclusions:

Visual function loss was present in one-third of pediatric patients with congenital blepharoptosis. Both amblyopia and structural eye disorders contribute to visual impairment in this patient population. Structural eye pathology contributes independently to 4.1% of visual loss in this clinical setting.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(2):97–102.]
Pediatric Publication Trends in Leading General Ophthalmology Journals for 20 Years
Authors: Leshno Ari , Stolovitch Chaim , Barak Adiel , Loewenstein Anat , Mezad-Koursh Daphna
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate trends in the representation of pediatric-related articles in leading general ophthalmology journals for 20 years.

Methods:

A list of all relevant publications from five top-ranking general ophthalmology journals (
Ophthalmology
,
JAMA Ophthalmology
,
American Journal of Ophthalmology
,
British Journal of Ophthalmology
, and
Acta Ophthalmologica
) between January 1997 and December 2016 was retrieved using the PubMed search engine. Articles captured by the age filter “child: birth-18 years” were considered pediatric. The annual pediatric publication rate was calculated as the fraction of pediatric articles out of the total number of articles within each year for every journal. A linear mixed effects model was applied to determine the trend in the pediatric publication rate during the study period.

Results:

A total of 37,181 publications were included in the analysis, of which 7,828 (21.1%) were classified as “pediatric.” During the study period, there was a statistically significant decrease in pediatric publication rates, with an annual absolute decrease of 0.23% (
P
= .01), yielding relative reduction by approximately 18% over the past two decades.

Conclusions:

Representation of pediatric articles progressively decreased in general ophthalmology journals. This trend has major implications regarding exposure of non-pediatric ophthalmologists to the new developments in pediatric management. In addition, this may imply a difficulty to publish pediatric-related articles in high-ranking general ophthalmology journals.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(2):78–84.]
Functional Vision Analysis in Patients With CHARGE Syndrome
Authors: Martin Gilles C. , Robert Matthieu P. , Challe Georges , Trinh Nhung T. H. , Attié-Bitach Tania , Brémond-Gignac Dominique , Bodaghi Bahram , Abadie Véronique
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate functional vision in patients with CHARGE syndrome (coloboma, heart defects, atresia of the choanae, retardation of growth and development, genital and urinary anomalies, and ear anomalies) by using a new questionnaire entitled VISIOCHARGE.

Methods:

Ophthalmological data including fundus description and visual acuity, when available, were extracted from the charts of 83 patients with CHARGE syndrome, and the VISIOCHARGE questionnaire was prospectively mailed to 55 of those patients. The answers from the 36 responders (18 males) allowed for the calculation of three scores that assessed distance vision, near vision, and overall ability scores.

Results:

Visual acuity measurements were extracted from the charts of 20 of the 36 patients. The mean visual acuity was 20/50. The mean distance vision score of 0.62 ± 0.30 and near vision score of 0.78 ± 0.23 were correlated with visual acuity in the 20 patients (ρ = 0.64,
P
= .002 and ρ = 0.61,
P
= .005, respectively) and were associated with the severity of colobomatous malformation (
P
= .049 and
P
= .008, respectively). Severity of the ocular malformation was not associated with the overall ability score (
P
= .64).

Conclusions:

The VISIOCHARGE questionnaire is feasible for patients with CHARGE syndrome and may help in the assessment of visual function. The mean visual acuity and answers to the VISIOCHARGE questionnaire showed relatively good visual skills in patients with CHARGE syndrome in everyday life, even in those with bilateral colobomas, which contrasts with the pessimistic conclusions usually resulting from the initial fundus examination.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2020;57(2):120–128.]
Ameaça e caráter transnacional do narcotráfico na Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Couto Aiala Colares
Published: March 2020

Nesta segunda década do século XXI as redes do narcotráfico vêm fragilizando a política de defesa nacional nas fronteiras, sobretudo, na região amazônica, o que coloca o Brasil em uma situação de destaque enquanto uma rota primária de distribuição de cocaína de origem Andina em direção a Europa e África, bem como, torna-o um mercado consumidor de destaque para esta droga ocupando a segunda posição no ranking mundial. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o caráter transnacional do narcotráfico na Amazônia brasileira, destacando-se a existência de uma geografia do crime a partir de conexões regionais-globais que se dão sobre a região. A metodologia da pesquisa utilizou análise bibliográfica e documental a partir de referencias teóricas que abordam o tema do narcotráfico e relatórios sobre apreensão de drogas da Polícia Federal e sobre crimes globais da UNODC, por fim, realizou-se trabalhos de campo em cidades como Belém, Cametá, Redenção, Marabá, Palmas e Santarém, onde realizou-se entrevistas e observações sistemáticas. Os resultados da investigação científica apontam para a existência de uma dinâmica transnacional do crime organizado na região que incorpora em suas redes algumas cidades estratégicas para a organização espacial dos fluxos de cocaína.
Definição de corredores ecológicos em espaços agrícolas abandonados para o Pagamento de Serviços Ambientais - Esperança do Sul/RS.
Authors: Caneppele Jean Carlo Gessi , Verdum Roberto , Vieira Lucimar de Fátima dos Santos
Published: March 2020

Esperança do Sul/RS possui uma estrutura fundiária de pequenas propriedades que foram colonizadas, principalmente por descendentes alemães, gerando intenso desmatamento e fragmentando as áreas da Mata Atlântica, com os fragmentos localizados em áreas íngremes e próximas aos cursos d’água. A partir do abandono do espaço rural, áreas antes cultiváveis estão sendo abandonadas, com uma mudança no uso e na ocupação da terra, onde lavouras e pastagens se tornam áreas de regeneração de mata, em estreita relação com os seus remanescentes. Como objetivo central da pesquisa, busca-se definir os corredores ecológicos que se formam com a conexão das áreas abandonadas e os fragmentos de mata. Além disso, propõem-se conceber como alternativa econômica aos produtores rurais no município, o Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais às áreas abandonadas que conectam os fragmentos, além daquelas que a estes se agregam. A metodologia consistiu na identificação dos fragmentos de mata, com a definição dos maiores fragmentos, posteriormente foram identificadas as áreas abandonadas que conectavam esses fragmentos ou aquelas que se agregavam aos maiores. Foram identificadas 113 áreas conectoras e 183 áreas agregadores, cerca de 66% das áreas abandonadas. A partir da conexão das áreas abandonadas com os maiores fragmentos, foi possível a definição de sete corredores ecológicos que possivelmente se estendem para além dos limites municipais, expandindo a área dos corredores.
A conformação dos caminhos do Estado de São Paulo: breves correlações com seu desenvolvimento urbano e econômico
Authors: Schiavon Taís
Published: March 2020

Tratar das transformações ocorridas no atual cenário da cidade de São Paulo induz ao estudo de sua composição e articulação regional. Fundada em 1554, a antiga Piratininga possui seu desenvolvimento histórico marcado pela inexpressividade econômica e conformação territorial. Com o processo de articulação de caminhos, diversificam-se os serviços prestados no antigo entreposto bandeirista, e a condição de passagem e potencial de articulação de caminhos se consolida, sendo reafirmada com a instauração de ferrovias, impulsionando ainda mais o crescimento local e sua articulação regional. Este artigo procura mostrar como essa conformação foi conformada a partir da compreensão da articulação de suas principais estradas, ferrovias e rodovias e, também, da conformação urbana resultante.
O capital e seu espaço. Para além de produzir valor e espaço, o capital produz o desenvolvimento geográfico desigual
Authors: Lencioni Sandra
Published: March 2020

Diferentes formas de espacialidades são produzidas pelo capital e essa compreensão é que permite entender o desenvolvimento desigual na produção do espaço. Consideramos referência analítica a produção de dois produtos de exportação para discutir o processo de acumulação do capital na sua relação com a produção do espaço. Em seguida, discutimos a atual hegemonia do capital financeiro com o intuito de atualizar historicamente a produção de diferentes formas de espacialização da produção do valor. Essa discussão distingue o processo de valorização do processo de capitalização e tem por objetivo afirmar que o domínio das finanças se traduziu num novo regime de acumulação do capital, denominado de regime de acumulação patrimonial que afirma a propriedade e seus rendimentos. Nesse regime o que importa é o rendimento das ações, de quanto elas podem render. Tomamos como mote da discussão a indústria, vista da perspectiva de pertencer ou não a um grupo econômico financeirizado, portanto tendo como referência o nexo maior ou menor com o processo de capitalização, tecendo considerações a respeito da relação entre indústria e território e a produção de espacialidades mais duradouras ou fugazes.
Los mapas de la Nueva Geografía de Colombia de Francisco Javier Vergara y Velasco (1901-1902)
Authors: Palacios David Alejandro Ramírez
Published: March 2020

The works of the Colombian geographer, cartographer and historian Francisco Javier Vergara y Velasco (1860-1914) —and his cartographic works in particular—, is beginning to be known and valued by Colombian and international historiography. His maps, wood-engraved, sum up more than two hundreds, most of them distributed between the final edition of his Nueva Geografía de Colombia (1901-1902) and his Atlas completo de geografía colombiana (1906-1910). This paper aims to describe and characterize the set of maps belonging to the Nueva Geografía de Colombia. This is a wide, rich and variegated cartographic collection, based in strong erudition and arduous collection and processing of data, making it a relevant and original work. The set of thematic maps on the book is highlighted.
Dos geografismos às geografizações: pensando a região e o regional a partir das « geografias do Sul »
Authors: Júnior Saint-Clair Cordeiro da Trindade
Published: March 2020

O artigo busca situar a questão regional contemporânea em uma forma de abordagem denominada de “geografias do Sul”. Preocupada em dar conta do entendimento de processos socioespaciais do mundo contemporâneo em seu conjunto, mas situando o lugar de fala e de apreensão da mesma em uma perspectiva descentrada da realidade, a abordagem em consideração busca estabelecer um exercício intelectual que promove o deslocar de  olhares em relação aos fenômenos socioespaciais do período atual. Após problematizar a questão regional sob essa perspectiva e apresentar antecedentes das “geografias do Sul”, o trabalho mostra, a partir do geógrafo brasileiro Milton Santos, algumas de suas contribuições sobre a questão regional que referendam uma forma de pensar o mundo em sua totalidade, mas que toma como referência de estudo realidade como a latino-americana e a brasileira.
A teoria regional na atualização da Geografia Crítica contemporânea: a urbanização da fronteira na Amazônia, a região do Sul e Sudeste do Pará
Authors: Leopoldo Eudes
Published: March 2020

A teoria regional crítica produzida a partir da Geografia foi constituída na França, Inglaterra e Estados Unidos e promovida por grupos de scholars vinculados a uma perspectiva crítica do pensamento geográfico. No Brasil, a teoria regional crítica chega especialmente por meio de dois expoentes: Sandra Lencioni e Rogério Haesbaert. Sandra Lencioni é profundamente influenciada pelas ideias das escolas francesa e norte-americana de Geografia e Rogério Haesbaert pela escola inglesa de Geografia. A compreensão da teoria regional crítica, que permite sair do plano da região como pura delimitação ou recorte do espaço, pensando-a como relação social, como abstração concreta de uma espacialidade diferencial, é que move a interpretação do fenômeno da urbanização da fronteira na Amazônia, enfocando a rede de cidades da emblemática região do Sul e Sudeste do Pará.
Expansão residencial e o aumento de inquilinato no centro da cidade de Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires. Argentina.
Authors: Romano Bárbara Teresa
Published: March 2020

As cidades da região metropolitana de Buenos Aires têm sido alvo de importante incremento da atividade imobiliária no período após a crise de 2001. Entretanto, a multiplicação da oferta residencial não se traduziu em possibilidades de acesso à moradia própria, já que aumentou o número de inquilinos. Neste trabalho, o objetivo é analisar o processo de locação na cidade de Lomas de Zamora, com o aumento do número de edifícios e da expansão de lojas comerciais que determinou a configuração de uma área apelidada pelas imobiliárias como “Las Lomitas”. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa visa analisar a interferência das políticas de Estado e também do mercado como agentes promotores do arrendamento no centro de Lomas de Zamora.