bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electroconvection in Rotating Jeffrey Nanofluid Saturating Porous Medium: Free–Free, Rigid-Free, Rigid–Rigid Boundaries
Authors: Devi Jyoti , Sharma Veena , Kapalta Mohini
Published: July 2023

The impact of rotation and the boundaries on the initiation of convective instability in a rheological nanofluid layer heated beneath saturated by a porous media with the inclusion of an AC electric field (vertical) is studied employing linear stability analysis. The stationary convective
stability of rheological nanofluid is customarily established utilizing Buongiorno model for nanoparticles and Jeffrey model for rheological behavior of regular fluid. The Buongiorno model deployed for nanofluids incorporates the influence of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. Using the normal
mode technique, the set of coupled differential equations is solved analytically for both stress-free boudaries and numerically by using the Galerkin-type Weighted Residual Method (GWRM) for top-free, bottom-rigid and rigid–rigid bounding surfaces. The numerical computed values of stationary
thermal Rayleigh number are presented graphically for three distinct combinations of boundary conditions. The Taylor number accounting for rotation parameter, Jeffrey parameter, and nanofluid Lewis number delay the start of stationary convection, whereas electric field and concentration Rayleigh
number destabilize a system for three groups of boundaries. The bottom-/top-heavy nanofluids are found to be more/less stable. Rigid–rigid boundaries augment the stability in a more pronounced manner than that of the stress-free and rigid-free boundaries. The conditions for non-occurrence
of over stability are also derived. This study is of great significance in many metallurgical processes including megma flow, deep convective chimneys, polymer solutions, microfluidic devices and blood flow in micro circulatory systems. An excellent coincidence is found admist present paper
and the earlier published work.
Numerical Analysis of Magnetic Field Effect on Ferro Particle Suspended Nanofluid Filled Square Enclosure Consist of Heat Generating Body
Authors: Umadevi P. , Begum A. Shamadhani , Chamkha Ali J. , Maheshwari G.
Published: July 2023

In presents of a magnetic field, an enclosure filled with ferro-particle suspended nanofluid is subjected to a numerical analysis to investigate natural convective heat transfer. At the center of the enclosure is a heat conducting and generating solid body, and the enclosure is influenced
by four different thermal boundary conditions. To solve the governing equation, a Fortran algorithm based on the finite volume approach was created. The numerical approach used in this study produces consistent results for a variety of non-dimensional parameters like Rayleigh number (104
≤ Ra ≤ 106), Hartmann number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 100), solid volume fraction (0 ≤ φ ≤ 0.2) and distributed wall temperature. Streamlines, isotherms, and the Nusselt number graph are used to describe the flow and heat transfer properties. Based on this study,
It has been noted that improved heat transfer for lower Hartmann number with higher Rayleigh number particularly along sinusoidal wall. For the low Hartmann number, the fluid flow enhances for higher Rayleigh number. In particular, the presence of ferro-particle suspended nanofluid enhances
the heat transfer rate. Moreover, this study has found that the inclusion of magnetic fields and nanoparticles can increase heat transfer by up to 60%. The suggested methods in this research can assist manufacturers improve efficiency without increasing heat generator space in industrial applications
for cooling or heating.
Micropolar Hydromagnetic Fluid Over a Vertical Surface in Darcian Regime: An Analytical Approach
Authors: Hussain Mayzul Alom , Ahmed Sahin
Published: July 2023

In the present paper, the researcher investigates the mutual impact of radiative heat and mass exchange on hydromagnetic micropolar fluid moving along an infinite vertical surface in a porous regime. The goal of the research is to investigate the impact of convective temperature and
mass flow on hydromagnetic motion of micropolar fluid across a vertical plate ingrained in a porous regime. The conservation equations with appropriate boundary conditions are resolved analytically by assuming a convergent series solution and thus obtained the analytical solutions for velocity,
angular velocity (microrotation), temperature and molar-concentration. The novelty of the current work is that it takes heat transfer into account while considering for the impacts of chemical reaction in a micropolar fluid flow of reactive diffusing species. The influence of different physical
variables on temperature, molar-concentration, velocity and angular velocity of the fluid molecules have been presented graphically for dual solutions. It is seen that the micropolar parameter and porosity of the medium play a significant behaviour over the momentum and thermal boundary layers.
This investigation may involve with various disciplines of chemical engineering, bio-mechanics and medical sciences. The outcomes of the present study have significant applications in MHD generators and geothermal resource extraction.
Steady Jeffery Fluid through Porous Media in Presence of a Baffle in a Vertical Channel
Authors: Saraswathi H. , Kalyan K. Shreedevi
Published: July 2023

In this paper we have studied the Jeffrey fluid flow through a porous medium in a vertical channel with baffle. The channel is divided into two phases by a thin perfectly conductive plate and governing equations are simplified analytically by using boundary and interface condition at
different baffle position, result are plotted for various important parameters and exposed graphically. We found that, the expression for increases in porous parameter, chemical reaction parameter which decrease the velocity and temperatures in both the regions. And also an increase in Thermal
Grashof number leads to increases in both velocity and temperature profiles.
Determining the Efficacy of Surgical Versus Non-Surgical Management in T3M0 Laryngeal Cancer With Cord Fixation
Authors: Ideker Henry C. , Walker Ronald J. , Mazul Angela , Massa Sean T.
Published: July 2023

Objective:

Survival of laryngeal cancer is decreasing; thus, optimal treatment selection is paramount. Specifically, T3 disease survival appears similar with surgical or non-surgical management; however, the implications of vocal cord fixation on treatment selection and survival are unknown. This study seeks to determine if surgical treatment of patients with T3M0 laryngeal cancer with vocal cord fixation is associated with superior survival compared to non-surgical treatment.

Methods:

The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for all T3M0 laryngeal carcinoma cases from 2004 to 2015, whose treatment included surgery or radiation therapy. Cases were stratified by cord fixation status and overall survival was compared using multivariable methods based on surgical versus non-surgical management.

Results:

Non-surgical management was more common, regardless of cord fixation status (84% in fixed and 79% in mobile). Cord fixation itself did not influence survival; however, surgical management had a significant survival benefit in the fixed cohort (HR = 0.843; 95% CI: 0.738, 0.962).

Conclusion:

In this large observational cohort study of T3M0 laryngeal cancer, those with fixed cords had superior survival when managed surgically.
Country and community vs poverty and conflict: Teasing apart the key demographic and psychosocial resilience and risk factors for Indigenous clinic-referred children and adolescents
Authors: Vance Alasdair , McGaw Janet , Winther Jo , White Selena , Gone Joseph P , Eades Sandra
Published: July 2023

Objective:

Indigenous young people are known to have adverse demographic and psychosocial factors affecting worse mental health outcomes and some household factors aiding resilience. In Australia, there has been no exploration of these factors in clinically referred Indigenous young people assessed in a culturally appropriate way.

Methods:

A total of 113 Indigenous children and adolescents, 217 non-Indigenous young people, age, gender, mental disorder symptom severity, symptom-linked distress and impairment matched, and 112 typically developing participants, age- and gender-matched were recruited. Cultural validity and reliability of the impairing symptoms in Indigenous young people were determined. Key demographic and psychosocial factors were compared across the three groups.

Results:

The Indigenous clinical group differed significantly from the other two groups that did not differ on three possibly protective measures examined. Key demographic and psychosocial risk factors in the Indigenous group differed significantly from the non-Indigenous clinical group which in turn differed from the typically developing participants. The three groups exhibited a progressively increased magnitude of difference.

Conclusions:

It remains imperative to nurture features that provide protection and enhance resilience for Indigenous young people and their communities. Indigenous status is linked to significant demographic and psychosocial disadvantage over and above that conferred by clinical impairment and its management. It is crucial that these features are managed and/or advocated for with those demographic and psychosocial factors of the greatest magnitude dealt with first. Future systematic investigations of the contribution of these key factors to mental health referral pathways, assessment and management are needed.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Risk: The Moderating Effect of Risk Environment and Growth Potential
Authors: Lu Hao , Boyer M. Martin , Kleffner Anne
Published: July 2023

Theoretical arguments regarding the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firm liability risk are abundant; however, empirical evidence about this relationship is scarce. We investigate the relationship between CSR and the personal liability risk of a firm’s directors and officers. We argue that companies with better CSR performance represent a better underwriting risk for directors’ and officers’ (D&O) insurance providers and, therefore, have a lower cost of insurance. Our results show that firms with better CSR performance are more likely to purchase D&O insurance and have a lower premium-to-coverage ratio, known as the insurance rate-on-line. We also show that this risk-reduction effect is stronger for firms that operate in a high-risk environment and have higher sales growth. These results provide evidence that CSR can be used as a risk management tool to mitigate liability risk and suggest which firms benefit most from this effect.
Book review: The Concept of Active Defence in China’s Military Strategy by Amrita Jash
Authors: Desai Suyash
Published: July 2023

Amrita Jash, The Concept of Active Defence in China’s Military Strategy (Pentagon Press, 2022), pp., 320, ₹643, ISBN-13: 9789390095308. (Hardcover)
Development of Online Professional Development for Teachers: Understanding, Recognizing and Responding to Bullying for Students with Disabilities
Authors: Espelage Dorothy L. , Forber-Pratt Anjali , Rose Chad A. , Graves Katherine A. , Hanebutt Rachel A. , Sheikh America El , Woolweaver Ashley , Kenyon Milarsky Tracey , Ingram Katherine M. , Robinson Luz , Gomez Angelica M. , Chalfant Pam K. , Salama Christine , Poekert Phil
Published: July 2023

Students with disabilities (SWDs) are disproportionately at-risk for bullying victimization and perpetration, yet there is a lack of educator-focused professional development targeting prevention for these students. This project sought to address gaps in training through the creation of four online professional development modules: (1) understanding bullying among SWDs, (2) examining risk characteristics, (3) establishing school and classroom prevention strategies, and (4) individual prevention. These modules were iteratively developed with feedback from teachers and staff, incorporating the Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) framework to focus on interventions rooted in social emotional learning (SEL), and emphasizing the importance of prevention for SWDs.
Trends and Opportunities: Hepatitis A Virus Infection, Seroprevalence, and Vaccination Coverage—United States, 1976-2020
Authors: Hofmeister Megan G. , Yin Shaoman , Nelson Noele P. , Weng Mark K. , Gupta Neil
Published: July 2023

Objectives:

The incidence of hepatitis A declined in the United States following the introduction of hepatitis A vaccines, before increasing in the setting of recent widespread outbreaks associated with person-to-person transmission. We describe the hepatitis A epidemiology in the United States, identify susceptible populations over time, and demonstrate the need for improved hepatitis A vaccination coverage, especially among adults at increased risk for hepatitis A.

Methods:

We calculated the hepatitis A incidence rates for sociodemographic characteristics and percentages for risk factors and clinical outcomes for hepatitis A cases reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System during 1990-2020. We generated nationally representative estimates and 95% CIs of hepatitis A seroprevalence during 1976–March 2020 and self-reported hepatitis A vaccination coverage during 1999–March 2020 for the noninstitutionalized civilian US population using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Results:

Overall, the rate per 100 000 population of reported cases of hepatitis A virus infection in the United States declined 17.3-fold, from 10.4 during 1990-1998 to 0.6 during 2007-2015, and then increased to 2.8 during 2016-2020. The overall hepatitis A seroprevalence in the United States increased from 38.2% (95% CI, 36.2%-40.1%) during 1976-1980 to 47.3% (95% CI, 45.4%-49.2%) during 2015–March 2020. The prevalence of self-reported hepatitis A vaccination coverage in the United States increased more than 2.5-fold, from 16.3% (95% CI, 15.0%-17.7%) during 1999-2006 to 41.9% (95% CI, 40.2%-43.7%) during 2015–March 2020.

Conclusions:

Hepatitis A epidemiology in the United States changed substantially during 1976-2020. Improved vaccination coverage, especially among adults recommended for vaccination by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, is vital to stop current hepatitis A outbreaks associated with person-to-person transmission in the United States and prevent similar future recurrences.
Libertecture: A catalogue of libertarian spaces
Authors: Atkinson Rowland , O’Farrell Liam
Published: July 2023

In this article we identify spaces and built environments that have the effect of placing libertarian thinking in urban contexts, using the term ‘libertecture’ to refer to the way that these architectures convey principles of personal liberty and unfettered market activity. These ideas are thus embedded in cities via the design, architecture, management and function of an emerging array of buildings, districts and infrastructures. Locating our analysis in cultural political economy, we believe that these libertectures are important because of the way that they refract and amplify divisive ideas into the social spaces and thinking of residents and citizens. Whereas neoliberal urbanism was seen as undermining socially just cities, libertarian ideas amplified by new built environments may presage more atomised, unequal and unsustainable urban conditions, potentially foreclosing the identification of more just alternatives and democratic forms. We offer a ‘catalogue’ of seven forms of libertecture: private cities, residential exits, portal spaces, fiscal lockers, pioneer exclaves, infinity spaces, and necrotectures. We conclude that the manifestation of libertarian thinking in spaces and city forms is an important object of study for urban studies as it considers challenges to inclusive and sustainable forms of urban governance.
The Safety Paradox: Unknown Knowns, Ungrieved Grief, and Collective Agreements not to Know
Authors: Fierke K.M. , Mackay Nicola
Published: July 2023

The discussion between the developing and developed world in Egypt during COP27 brought the history of colonialism and its impact on climate change to the table, as did the earlier floods in Pakistan. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of unacknowledged grief, shame and guilt, accruing over centuries, on our ability to move forward to a more sustainable future. At stake is not only a question of ‘loss and damage’ for those who have suffered disproportionately in the past and present, but also the need to acknowledge how past practice has set the stage for inequality and climate change in the global future. In this article we develop concepts of unknown knowns and ungrieved grief, and explore the mechanisms by which populations collectively turn away from uncomfortable or shameful truths. The failure to look at the past has transgenerational consequences, as present distractions contribute to an inability to ‘see’ the consequences of past and present action for future generations. The final section explores the safety paradox that arises from the fragmented safety of turning to conflict and war, and a holistic safety that requires grieving for the global whole.
The ‘mystical’ foundation of democratic society, mythmaking and truth in The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (John Ford 1962)
Authors: Ungureanu Camil
Published: July 2023

In this article, I combine political philosophy and film to examine the problematic of the ‘mystical’ foundation of authority and democracy as represented in The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. Ford’s filmic vision is interpretable as a parable of the passage from the state of nature to the modern republic and the deconstruction of American democratic progressivism. To analyse it, I proceed in two steps: first, I defend a middle-way critical Enlightenment perspective between the democratic-progressivist and the deconstructive approach to the question of foundations. Second, in dialogue with this critical Enlightenment perspective, I argue that Ford’s cinematic vision of the foundation remains ambivalent, given that its deconstruction of the mythology of American democratic progressivism is premised on the nostalgic mythologizing of the pre-democratic age. Moreover, I take issue with Robert Pippin’s interpretation of the movie as a cautionary tale against Enlightenment rationalism, and which poses at its center the key psychological role of myths in politics (2011). In contrast, I argue that Ford’s cinematic vision cautions against decoupling the socio-political and personal life from the vital connection to truth and acting upon truth. From this standpoint, a “politics of truth” is, against Pippin’s interpretation of Ford’s vision, compatible with taking into account the constitutive role of narratives in building political legitimacy and authority.
Translucence and non-visible disability: The development of a disabled dramatherapist
Authors: Keeling Rachel
Published: July 2023

This article explores how having two non-visible disabilities, Optic Disc Coloboma and Addison’s Disease, has contributed to my development as a dramatherapist. I consider how disability led to me linking health and the arts, how my identity and therapeutic practice has developed alongside expectations, knowledge and consequences of disability. I reflect on how the translucence of my disabilities, where little is certain, developed my understanding of self and therapy. I then discuss how the specifics of my disability have led to an engagement with the effects of the hormone cortisol when considering the therapist-client relationship. Finally, I consider possible benefits of making non-visible disabilities more visible.
Venezuelan migrants in delivery platform work during the COVID-19 pandemic in Buenos Aires, Argentina: Between exploitability, precariousness, and daily resistance
Authors: Bermúdez Lenis Héctor Fabio
Published: July 2023

In this article, we analyse the working conditions of Venezuelan migrants, who participate in delivery work in Argentina, based on a conceptual discussion on the ‘precarisation’ processes of migrant workers in the countries of the global south. The labour conditions of workers in South America have historically deteriorated for several decades, but its effects have intensified after the COVID-19 pandemic. This analysis is focused on the dynamics of Venezuelan migrant labour within digital platforms in Buenos Aires, contrasting data obtained between 2019 and 2020 from two surveys and interviews conducted with this population. Drawing upon contributions from the sociology of migration and the sociology of work, this article seeks to understand how irregularised migrants employed in the platform work, at the intersection of super-exploitation and super-exposure to contagion, have been brutally affected by the expansion of delivery work.
Yes, we can! Students with visual impairments making videos for social media
Authors: Líbera Bianca Della , de Sousa Millene Barros Guimarães , Jurberg Claudia
Published: July 2023

People with visual impairments faced great challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, including a great sense of loneliness, negative feelings, and misinformation concerning the disease. This study describes and discusses the process of creating audio-visual content about vaccination against COVID-19 by and for teenagers with visual impairments. We carried out two working groups with students aged 14–18 years, who were enrolled in a school for the blind and visually impaired in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. During meetings with these groups, we had informal conversations about how they experienced the pandemic. They then watched and evaluated videos related to COVID-19 vaccines and wrote scripts for animated videos on the importance of COVID-19 vaccination. The videos were produced by a specialized company, and the students evaluated the final product. The participants seemed to be well informed about the health crisis and were aware of the scientific recommendations. As a result, the two videos contained relevant information about COVID-19 vaccines and were intended to encourage different audiences to be vaccinated. Participants also prepared audio descriptions for the videos, which gave them the opportunity to discuss future job careers. The outcomes of activities designed according to participants’ experiences and needs offered tangible evidence that meaningful activities have positive impacts on students’ learning, as well as on their self-esteem.
Impaired visuospatial processing in cerebral visual impairment revealed by performance on a conjunction visual search task
Authors: Manley Claire E , Bauer Corinna M , Bex Peter J , Merabet Lotfi B
Published: July 2023

Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is a brain-based visual disorder associated with injury and/or maldevelopment of central visual pathways. Visuospatial processing impairments are a cardinal feature of the complex clinical profile of individuals with CVI. Here, we assessed visuospatial processing abilities using a classic conjunction search task. Twenty-three individuals previously diagnosed with CVI (mean age 18.55 years ± 4.98 SD) and 37 controls with neurotypical development (mean age 21.11 years ± 4.56 SD) participated in the study. Subjects were instructed to search for a two-feature target (a white or black letter “O” or “C”) presented among a varying number of surrounding distractors (set sizes ranging from 1 to 32 items). Behavioral outcomes collected were reaction time (RT), accuracy, as well as slope and intercept values derived from the RT × set size function. Overall, participants with CVI took longer and were less accurate in finding the target than controls. Analysis of RT × set size functions revealed a profile consistent with less efficient search and slower visual orienting responses as indexed by higher slope and intercept values, respectively. These results are consistent with clinical reports of impaired visuospatial processing abilities and deployment of visual selective attention in individuals with CVI.
New Approach to Determining the Roughness of Bicycle Roads
Authors: Rizelioğlu Mehmet , Yazıcı Murat
Published: July 2023

The international roughness index (IRI) is one of the important criterion used to determine the roughness of roads. Various devices are available to determine IRI, however, they are mostly used to determine the condition of highways. Studies to determine the roughness of nonmotorized roads, such as bicycle roads, which have become increasingly important in recent years, are limited. Therefore, this study presents a cost-effective roughness measurement method that can measure both highways and nonmotorized roads. For this, a mountain bike was used as the test vehicle, and for the first time, the stiffness and damping coefficients of the bicycle tire were taken into account when calculating the IRI. First, the stiffness and damping coefficients of the bicycle’s front tire were calculated. These coefficients were then used as input data for the equation of motion with one degree of freedom, and the IRI was calculated. The 660-m long divided highway (1,320 m in total) on the Bursa Uludagğ University campus was chosen as the test road. A laser profilometer device was used to quantify the reference IRI values of this test road. The same road was then measured by bicycle. The obtained results were evaluated using mean absolute percent error, mean absolute error, root mean square error, and mean square error metrics. All these indicators showed very promising results, suggesting that this new method could be a cost-effective and reliable approach to determining the IRI of highways, especially nonmotorized roads.
Multivariate Poisson-Lognormal Models for Predicting Peak-Period Crash Frequency of Joint On-Ramp and Merge Segments on Freeways
Authors: Faden Abdulrahman , Abdel-Aty Mohamed , Mahmoud Nada , Hasan Tarek , Rim Heesub
Published: July 2023

Because of a growing crash occurrence in conflict areas, the ramp and merge segments on freeways are a concern for transportation researchers and practitioners. Therefore, short-term safety-performance functions (SPFs) have been proposed to predict crash frequency at a.m. and p.m. peak-period aggregation levels using microscopic traffic-detector data. The proposed short-term crash prediction models could achieve more accuracy and flexibility, give a better understanding of how safety evaluations change over time, and enable the taking of appropriate actions. This study contributes to the literature by using the multivariate Poisson-lognormal (MVPLN) method via an integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) approach to investigate the dependency and the correlation between two responses (on-ramp- and merge-related crash frequencies). Models are developed for total crashes (KABCO) and fatal and severe injury crashes (KAB), utilizing 70% of a total 239 and 238 for joint on-ramp and merge segments at a.m. and p.m. peaks, respectively, from three states of a freeway (i.e., Florida, Virginia, and Wisconsin). The traffic and specific geometric data (e.g., the number of lanes, ramp configurations, presence of weaving segment, and interchange connector type) for ramp and merge segments were used as independent variables. The significant variables were found to be the exposure parameters and various geometric feature variables for ramp and merge segments. Results of posterior means for the correlation coefficients between the ramp and merge crash frequencies indicate that a significant correlation exists between the two locations.
Predictive Speed Harmonization Using Machine Learning in Traffic Flow with Connected and Automated Vehicles
Authors: Elfar Amr , Talebpour Alireza , Mahmassani Hani S.
Published: July 2023

Speed harmonization is an active traffic management strategy used to delay traffic flow breakdown and mitigate congestion by changing speed limits throughout a road segment based on prevailing traffic, weather, and road conditions. Traditional implementations rely on fixed roadway sensors to collect traffic information and variable speed signs at fixed locations to display updated speeds. Moreover, most implementations use a reactive rule-based decision tree to activate the control strategy. This set-up faces three challenges: 1) fixed infrastructure sensors provide an incomplete picture of traffic flow dynamics throughout the segment which can reduce the effectiveness of the strategy, 2) the limited set of scenarios in which speed control can be applied given the reliance on fixed road sensors and signs, significantly affecting performance, and 3) the difficulty in predicting future traffic state using data from fixed traffic sensors. To overcome these challenges, this paper puts forward a predictive speed harmonization system that uses the detailed vehicle trajectories broadcast by connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) and machine learning techniques to predict the location of traffic congestion. The system relies on a traffic management center (TMC) to collect data from CAVs within a road segment, predict traffic congestion, and broadcast updated speed limits to CAVs to mitigate congestion. Furthermore, the system introduces an optimization-based formulation for speed control to maximize performance. Case studies of multiple operational scenarios show that the proposed speed harmonization system can reduce the severity and length of traffic shockwaves, improve overall traffic stability, increase overall speed, and reduce travel time.
You Have to Look at the Whole Picture: A Qualitative Examination of Critical Social Analysis Among Racially Minoritized Adolescents
Authors: Golden Alexandrea R. , O’Neill Sinéad M. , Fike Kayla J. , Wilkerson Elise M. , Voight Adam
Published: July 2023

Despite the recent increase in the study of critical consciousness among racially minoritized youth, the process by which youth analyze social issues and their root causes (i.e., critical social analysis) remains obscure. In the current study, we examined youth’s process of critical social analysis and identified factors that contributed to this process. Participants were 14 Black and Latinx high school students in a Midwestern city who were presented with vignettes of high school students experiencing social issues that occur in urban communities. Participants discussed, via interviews, the causes of social issues highlighted in the vignettes and factors that influenced their perspectives. Findings suggest that adolescents consider both individual and systemic factors across the ecological system as contributors to social issues, but also consider individual attributions in the context of opportunities for learning and redemption. Further, youth’s perspectives were influenced by adults as well as youth’s ability to engage in perspective taking and empathy. Findings highlight the importance of moving away from an emphasis on binary explanations for social issues as well as using more humanizing approaches to teach youth to engage in critical social analysis.
The immune-stealth polymeric coating on drug delivery nanocarriers: In vitro engineering and in vivo fate
Authors: Shafaei Nadia , Khorshidi Sajedeh , Karkhaneh Akbar
Published: July 2023

Although essential nanosystems such as nanoparticles and nanocarriers are desirable options for transporting various drug molecules into the biological environment, they rapidly remove from the circulatory system due to their interaction with multiple in vivo barriers, especially the immune barrier, which will result in their short-term effects. In order to improve their effectiveness and durability in the circulatory system, the polymer coatings can use to cover the surface of nanoparticles and nanocarriers to conceal them from the immune system. Due to their different properties (like charge, elasticity, and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity), these coatings can improve drug delivery nanosystem durability and therapeutic applications. The mentioned coatings have different types and are divided into various categories, such as synthetic polymers, polysaccharides, and zwitterionic polymers. Each of these polymers has unique properties based on its category, origin, and chemical structure that make them suitable for producing stealth drug delivery nanocarriers. In this review article, we have tried to explain the importance of these diverse polymer coatings in determining the fate of drug nanocarriers and then introduced the different types of these coatings and, finally, described various methods that directly and indirectly analyze the nanocoatings to determine the stability of nanoparticles in the body.
Analysis of heat transportation in a convectively heated time-dependent CuAl2O3-H2O hybrid nanofluid with varying thermal conductivity
Authors: Muqaddass Nimra , Mabood Fazle , Shehzad Sabir Ali , Sahar Fareeha , Badruddin Irfan Anjum
Published: July 2023

This study presents a numerical investigation of the hybrid nanofluid [Formula: see text] and heat transportation over a convectively unsteady heated stretching sheet. Thermal conductivity is considered temperature dependent function. The set of non-dimensional differential equations is converted into nonlinear single independent variable equations by adopting the suitable transformations. The numeric results for the present set of transformed equations are executed through the RKF (Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg) process that is based on the shooting approach. The impact of several affecting parameters on temperature, local Nusselt number [Formula: see text] skin-friction factor [Formula: see text] and velocity are illustrated through graphs. A comparison has been done with the previously published material and decent agreement is achieved. The boundary-layer thickness and temperature profile are improved for both nanoparticles [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] added to the base fluid. However, the velocity profile illustrates an opposite attitude. The positive values of Biot number closer to the surface are obtained by increasing heat transportation rate.
Chebyshev polynomials based compensator design via higher order sinusoidal input describing functions in traction motor drive to improve performance of electric vehicle
Authors: Kaptan Deniz , Ucun Buse Tacal , Ucun Levent
Published: July 2023

In electric vehicles (EVs), the efficient selection of the basic elements and the control of the electric motor and the overall system is vital to extend the performance of the vehicle. A feedback control loop with proportional-integral (PI) controllers is usually used in the control of electric motors. Within the scope of this study, the system is handled with frequency-based methods and it is aimed to reduce the performance degrading effect on the system output. In this study, Higher Order Sinusoidal Input Describing Functions (HOSIDFs) are used in order to improve the performance of EVs. Here, the EV is modeled as a Lur’e-type system and a compensator is designed within the PI speed control loop of the electric motor by using Chebyshev polynomials. The optimal coefficients of the Chebyshev polynomials-based compensator minimize the cost function which is related to the harmonics of the system output. This work introduces a novel approach for controlling the traction motor of EVs using a frequency-based method through HOSIDFs. The objective is to enhance the performance of the drive system. Throughout this study, it is also aimed to improve the consumption of the battery and passenger comfort. The results and success of the proposed method are illustrated in time-domain and harmonic plots.
Single cases and the laws of subjectivity
Authors: Banks-VanAllen Christine E. , Midgley Bryan D. , Brown Steven R.
Published: July 2023

The study of single cases has occupied an important position in the history of the human sciences and William Stephenson (1902–1989) has been explicit that the study of single cases from the centrality-of-self standpoint is the only way to proceed scientifically. Adopting the view that abductions, like laws, are for future use and provide guidance in helping determine what to look for and which facts have value within any domain of inquiry, this study focuses on what solitude means in individual cases. Two persons reflect on their own experiences under nine conditions of instruction inspired by various laws of subjectivity that have been proposed by Stephenson, and the factor-analytic results are used to illustrate various of the laws as well as the variety in individual lives, and to elucidate the importance of the intensive study of single cases.
Adaptive obstacle avoidance control strategy for a formation under a narrow alleyway environment
Authors: Gu Yao , Yue Ming , Shangguan Jinyong , Su Longfei
Published: July 2023

This article develops an effective adaptive obstacle avoidance control strategy containing formation decision mechanism and a model predictive control–based formation controller for a multi-robot system working in a narrow alleyway environment. First, a decision mechanism containing two obstacle avoidance methods, homogeneous deformation and heterogeneous deformation, is established to provide a flexible choice for the formation to pass through the obstacle area, taking into account the formation safety and environment constraint. Furthermore, a formation bank is preset, and a performance evaluation system containing structural deformation, convergence speed, and energy consumption is established to help determine the best obstacle avoidance configuration. Then, a model predictive control–based formation controller with the leader–follower approach is utilized to realize the configuration switching and keeping. In the end, the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Multiproxy analysis for the paleobiogeographical reconstruction of the relict forests of the Serranía de Ronda during the Holocene (Baetic System, Spain)
Authors: Martínez Rubén Pardo , Cobo José Antonio Olmedo , Zotano José Gómez , Sánchez Francisca Alba
Published: July 2023

The mountains of the southern Iberian Peninsula are important biodiversity hotspots. They are also home to several relict species that are threatened with extinction in the face of global change. One of the best examples is the Serranía de Ronda, a system of mountainous reliefs located at the western end of the Baetic Cordillera. Its tree cover includes, among other unusual taxa, endemic formations such as the Spanish fir ( Abies pinsapo) and Portuguese oak ( Quercus faginea) forests. However, despite the ecological exceptionality of this mountainous area, little is known about its paleobiogeography. To remedy this, in this research we take a multidisciplinary approach based on the application of several different paleoecological disciplines, of which pedoanthracology is the main methodological tool. Six new soil surveys were performed, which were added to the existing pedoanthracological network, making a total of 43 soil sampling sites. The taxonomic analysis revealed several taxa, such as Abies, Fraxinus, Pinus and Pinus sylvestris-type, which are currently absent in several of the sampled sites. After contextualizing the 36 new radiocarbon dates obtained, the results confirm the antiquity of certain paleoendemic forests in the Serranía de Ronda, and the important role played by certain mountain enclaves as refuges for conifers such as A. pinsapo and Pinus sylvestris-type during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. The dissemination of the results of this research will enable them to be implemented in the different strategies of adaptive management of the most threatened forests of the Serranía de Ronda.
The strange resilience of the UK e-Borders programme: Technology hype, failure and lock-in in border control
Authors: Boswell Christina , Besse James
Published: July 2023

The UK government’s e-Borders project presents an intriguing anomaly: despite repeated and acknowledged failings of the project over two decades, it has remained a core part of border strategy across successive administrations. This article seeks to explain the surprising resilience of this programme by developing the concept of political lock-in. We combine insights from critical security studies with science and technology studies concepts of ‘tech hype’ and lock-in. We apply these insights to trace how e-Borders was constructed as a compelling technological solution to pressing security issues. This created a form of political lock-in, whereby the project became impossible to abandon because of its political urgency, despite increasing awareness of its unfeasibility. With the project caught in a liminal state of non-completion, successive governments expanded the scope of the programme by attaching new security problems to it, thereby rendering it even more unviable. Our analysis thus throws up a paradox: rather than mobilizing resources to accomplish its tech vision, securitization created forms of lock-in and paralysis that made the programme more difficult to accomplish.
Sustainable Social Enterprise Built by Empowering Women Artisans: A Case of Gramshree, India
Authors: Purohit Sonal , Gupta Seema
Published: July 2023

This case presents the hybrid business model of a social venture Gramshree. It provides a detailed description of the dilemma faced by the board of trustees regarding the selection of marketing channels for Gramshree to bring sustainability to the business. Gramshree aimed at empowering women artisans by ensuring a steady income for them so that they could become a catalyst for sustainable economic development and social change. However, with growing competition and difficulties in selling, generating market demand was a key challenge for Gramshree. This case illustrates the strategies for the development and value creation of a hybrid social business model. It also describes the challenges faced by social organizations. The case provides an opportunity to evaluate the current situation and proposes a solution for the sustainability of the organization.
Virtual patient simulation in undergraduate emergency medicine education during COVID-19: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Law Alex Kwok Keung , Hung Kevin Kei Ching , James Kirstin Stuart , Kelly Anne-Maree , Graham Colin A
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To examine whether a 2-week or 4-week virtual patient simulation program can improve clinical competence for undergraduate emergency medicine education during COVID-19.

Methods:

This randomized controlled trial was conducted between October and December 2021. Final-year medical students were randomized into a 2-week short exposure group and a 4-week long exposure group on a 1:1 allocation. They were assessed using a virtual case with structured scoring system before and after the virtual patient simulation learning program. An end-of-program questionnaire on learners’ perceptions was also administered.

Results:

A total of 138 students were recruited. After the virtual patient simulation program, the virtual case score increment in the long exposure group was significantly higher than in the short exposure group with a mean score difference of 18/100 (95% confidence interval = 9.8 to 26.3). Questionnaire showed generally positive perceptions toward the use of virtual patient simulation program for emergency medicine teaching.

Conclusion:

Virtual reality learning of 2 and 4 weeks’ duration may be beneficial for improving emergency medicine clinical competence for final-year medical students, especially during periods of limited clinical exposure like the COVID-19 pandemic. A longer 4-week virtual patient simulation program may produce a better learning effect on clinical competence.
Predictors of Work Fulfillment and General Well-Being in Workers With Chiari Malformation: The Importance of Decent Work
Authors: Tokar David M. , Duffy Ryan D. , Kaut Kevin P.
Published: July 2023

This study extended research on Psychology of Working Theory (PWT) by examining the connection of decent work to work fulfillment and general well-being in 346 predominantly U.S. adult workers diagnosed with Chiari malformation (CM), a chronic health condition involving a structural malformation affecting the posterior region and base of the skull, and commonly presenting with chronic head and neck pain and related physical (e.g., fatigue) and psychological (e.g., anxiety, depression) complications. Participants completed an online survey containing measures of PWT’s outcomes of decent work constructs as well as the domain-specific marginalization constructs of condition severity and workplace limitations. Results of structural equation modeling analyses supported 12 of 19 hypotheses. Decent work directly and positively predicted survival, social contribution, and self-determination needs; social contribution and self-determination needs directly and positively predicted work fulfillment; survival and self-determination needs directly and positively predicted general well-being; decent work indirectly (via social contribution and self-determination needs) and positively predicted work fulfillment and indirectly (via survival and self-determination needs) and positively predicted general well-being; and condition severity directly and negatively predicted general well-being. Consistent with PWT, attaining decent work contributes to meeting needs for survival, social contribution, and self-determination, which in turn contributes to greater work fulfillment and general well-being in workers with CM.
Mechanical behavior and improved model of multi-strand entangled metallic wire material
Authors: Tang Yu , Zi Bao , Wu Yiwan , Bai Hongbai , Liu Rong
Published: July 2023

This work presents the experimental characterization and improved model of multi-strand entangled metallic wire materials (MS-EMWMs). MS-EMWM is a novel damping material made of several strands of entangled wires using a modified manufacturing process. Six batches of specimens were fabricated and tested under quasi-static loading. Secant stiffness and loss factor were calculated to indicate the mechanical properties. The results showed that MS-EMWM has the characteristics of high damping energy dissipation compared to EMWM. A micro-multi-strand spiral spring model was proposed to predict the mechanical properties of MS-EMWM. The probability distribution of micro-spring pairs between wires was used to characterize the random combination of materials. According to the results, the improved model can effectively reflect the mechanical behavior of MS-EMWM. The mechanical properties of MS-EMWM were predicted by the coefficient matrix obtained by particle swarm optimization. Through the prediction and test results, the predicted results are acceptable.
Transnational uncivil society networks: kleptocracy’s global fightback against liberal activism
Authors: Cooley Alexander , Heathershaw John , Soares de Oliveira Ricard
Published: July 2023

What is the global social context for the insertion of kleptocratic elites into the putatively liberal international order? Drawing on cases from our work on Eurasia and Africa, we sketch a concept of ‘transnational uncivil society’, which we contrast to ‘transnational activist networks’. While the latter denotes the liberalizing practices of global civil society, the former suggests a specific series of clientelistic relations across borders, which open space for uncivil elites. This distinction animates a growing line of conflict in global politics. These kleptocrats eject liberal activists from their own territories and create new spaces to whitewash their own reputations and build their own transnational networks. To do so, they hire political consultants and reputation managers, engage in public philanthropy and forge new relationships with major global institutions. We show how these strategies of reputation-laundering are neither illicit nor marginal, but very much a product of the actors, institutions and markets generated by the liberal international order. We compare and contrast the scope and purpose of civil and uncivil society networks, we explore the increasing globalization of Eurasian and African elites as a concerted strategy to distance themselves from associations with their political oppression and kleptocracy in their home countries, and recast themselves as productive and respected cosmopolitans.