bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Design and Construction Factors on Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement Performance
Authors: Fang Rui , Chen Jiang
Published: September 2011

In order to study the effects on the performance of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) of some factors, eleven CRCP test sections were designed and constructed in Yanwei Expressway in China. The factors considered included concrete material, base configuration, epoxy coated of steel, transverse steel orientation, the depth of longitudinal reinforcement and the active cracks spacing. Concrete properties tests, early age cracking monitor and falling weight deflectometer tests were all carried out in these test sections. Furthermore, the field investigations to several other CRC pavements having been open for years in China were carried out also and cluster cracking and punchout distress were considered as the performance criteria of CRCP. Finally, the effects on CRCP performance of some factors were discussed. Results show that, the CRCP performance when the separating layer between the concrete slab and cement treated base is asphalt concrete is better than that when the separating layer is paraffin, and the thicker the asphalt mixture separating layer the better the CRCP performance; the modification of transverse steel skew angle can improve the CRCP performance; the concrete material, transverse steel skew and base have more effects on cluster cracking than the separating layer between concrete slab and base does; and the active cracks at the spacing of 1 to 5 m can prevent the occurrence of natural cracks between them.
Mechanical Response Analysis of Heavy Traffic on Semi-Rigid Base Pavement Performance
Authors: Yang Chun Feng , Pi Hui Ran , Xiao Tian , Jin Can Zhang
Published: September 2011

Viewing so many overload vehicles, this paper analyzes the stress distribution of asphalt pavement structure under heavy traffic theoretically, according to the main asphalt pavement structure form in our country. By using elastic layer theory and BISAR3.0 program, analyzed the mechanical response variation of semi-rigid base asphalt pavement under different axle loads. The results showed that the mechanical response and the stress indexes of pavement structure under heavy traffic changed significantly. Therefore, in asphalt pavement design, the impact of heavy traffic should be fully considered and we must take measures to control the overload situation.
The Study on Portable Falling Weight Deflectometer Based on the Elastic Half-Space Theory
Authors: Feng De Cheng , Zuo Wen Xin , Zhao Yin , Cao Peng
Published: September 2011

As a quick, accurate and efficient inspecting equipment, the Portable Falling Weight Deflectometer (PFWD) is widely used in subgrade modulus evaluation in the foreign countries. However, most analysis methods used in the modulus back calculation of PFWD is based on the classical Boussinesq solution or empirical formulas, which could hardly reflect the resilient of subgrade accurately. In this paper, the elastic half-space theory is introduced into the analysis of modulus back calculation, and with the integral transform and the numerical analysis, this paper provides an approximate method to evaluate the elastic modulus of subgrade.
Study on Highway Investment Decision under Uncertainty with Shackle Model
Authors: Xu Qian , Geng Li Tao , Song Chuan Zeng
Published: September 2011

Shackle model is used to study highway investment decision under uncertainty. In Shackle model, the uncertainty associated with possible outcomes for project benefit analysis is measured by degree of surprise, and a priority index for performance evaluation of each possible outcome and degree of surprise pair is proposed, thus, the standardized focus gain value and focus loss value from the expected outcome can be established. The standardized focus gain-over-loss ratios corresponding to multiple performance measures are synthesized into an overall ratio as the overall benefits, and then the proposed problem can be built as a multi-choice multi-dimensional knapsack problem which could be solved.
The Stopping Sight Distance Test for Freeway Based on the Operating Speed
Authors: Zhang Yue
Published: September 2011

In this paper, the stopping sight distance of passenger car based on the operating speed was regarded as guideposts, and its corresponding radius of horizontal curve and vertical curve was got according to the calculated results, and available for reference and application in the alignment design and safety evaluation for freeway.
Research in Analysis of Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation Based on PSO-SVM
Authors: Yan Ke Zhen , Zhang Zou
Published: September 2011

An emerging machine learning technique, the support vector machine (SVM), based on statistical learning theory is very good at analyzing small samples and non-linear regression problem. The particle swarm optimize (PSO) can avoid the man-made blindness and enhance the efficiency and capability in forecasting. In this paper, SVM is applied to establish a model for asphalt pavement performance evaluation, optimized by PSO algorithm. In road engineering, PCI, SSI, SRI and IRI were selected as the asphalt pavement performance evaluation indexes, but it is difficult to get pavement condition index. This paper describes the relationships among the four indicators, and SSI, SRI and IRI were used for establishing the prediction model to forecast PCI based on PSO-SVM. The results show that the method is simple and effective for evaluation of asphalt pavement performance.
Research on Shear Strength for Asphalt Mixture by the Uniaxle Penetration Test Method
Authors: Cai Yang
Published: September 2011

With uniaxle penetration test method and Triaxial Shear method test, the shear strengths for asphalt mixture were analyzed. It turns out that the result of triaxial shear test is a little conservative than that of uniaxle penetration test. Then reasonable structure factor for shear strength should be considered by uniaxle penetration test. Uniaxle penetration tests at different temperatures revealed there were a linear correlation between shear strength and temperature.The asphalt was not the main fator of shear strength at high temperature.
The Analysis of Causes and Treatment of Countermeasures for the Accident-Prone Section of Yu-Chang Freeway
Authors: Ren Gui Jiao , Zhang Dong Chang
Published: September 2011

Against the status quo of Yu-Chang freeway traffic accidents occur frequently, through the investigation of traffic accidents, Summarized characteristics of typical traffic accidents of Yu-Chang Freeway, analyzed the causes of traffic accidents from the four major factors of people, vehicles, roads and environment, provided some treatment strategies which can solve the status of the frequent occurrence of traffic accidents, and which will protect the this highway of harmony ,safe and smooth.
Theoretical Analysis and Simulation Study on Track Rigidity of Turnout
Authors: Liu Lei , Xuan Yan , Wang Lan , Sun Jia Lin
Published: September 2011

Seriously inhomogeneous track rigidity of turnout will strengthen the dynamic response of wheel/rail system and shorten its service life. Combined with complicated structure characteristics of turnout, the simulation calculation model of track rigidity had been established. Main factors which influence the track rigidity were considered, such as the rail changing section, sharing baseplate, the foundation under rail. Distribution regularity of track rigidity in turnout had been obtained. The calculation result showed that track rigidity of turnout was seriously inhomogeneous. The maximum track rigidity was 162.2kN/mm in point rail of stock line, and the minimum track rigidity was 69.5kN/mm in stock rail of switch line.
Deformation Analysis and Engineering Practice of Post-Processing Method in Thick Filled Subgrade
Authors: Guo Yuan Cheng , Liu Hai Tao
Published: September 2011

Expressway is developed quickly in China, but its construction is seriously affected by the un-uniform deformation of the subgrade. The basic concepts of post- treatment and pre- treatment on freeway subgrade are firstly discussed in this article, and then a conclusion that Post- treatment Method can obviously reduce the after-work sink is gained, which may be used as a practical reference for lighting the un-uniform deformation of thick-filled subgrade in soft-soil area.
Experimental Study on Shear Resistance and Water Retention of Graded Gravel Base
Authors: Yuan Wan Jie , Wang Xiu Shan
Published: September 2011

Abstract. Through the experimental analysis on performance of the water permeability and conservation and the shear resistance of graded gravel base, the influencing factors and changing rules, as well as the internal relations of the drainage ability and structural performance are found out; the key factor for balancing the contradiction lies in the scope and content of the fine aggregates of graded gravel. Provided that other constraint conditions are met during the gradation design, good water permeability and conservation performance of graded gravel permeable base shall be guaranteed as long as the content of the fine aggregates of graded gravel could be controlled within a reasonable scope, meanwhile, the mechanical stability could also be ensured. The paper provides the method for determining the content scope of fine aggregates of graded gravel, and references for the design of graded gravel permeable base of the porous pavement.
Impact of Subgrade Resilience Modulus on Heavy Load Asphalt Pavement Mechanical Properties
Authors: Xiao Tian , Pi Hui Ran , Jin Can Zhang
Published: September 2011

Subgrade resilience modulus is an important mechanical parameter in pavement design. It will directly influence the design result of pavement structure. Using BISAR3 of SHELL design method, the impacts of subgrade resilience modulus on pavement surface deflection, base and subbase bottom tensile stress, surface layer bottom tensile stress of the heavy load asphalt pavement structure were analyzed. And the influencing laws were analyzed, too. The results show that the mechanical and deforming characteristics of heavy load asphalt pavement were influnced significantly by subgrade resilience modulus. With the increasing of subgrade resilience modulus, the pavement surface deflection, base bottom tensile stress would significantly decrease, and fatigue life would be improved.
Research on Evaluation Models of Soft Foundation Treatment Technology of National Defense Highway
Authors: Yang Xiao Rong , Zhang Lei Yu , Li Hai Chao , Ran Ding
Published: September 2011

It is difficult to evaluate soft foundation treatment technology using the traditional mathematical approaches, because there are not only quantitative factors but also qualitative factors which affecting the evaluation result. To analyze the non-quantitative problems and make the complicated technology assessment simple, multi-level synthetic fuzzy evaluation is utilized and numerical examples of national defense highway construction show the model is appropriate.
Analysis of the Dynamic Response for Saturated Asphalt Pavement under Moving Vehicle Loads by Three-Dimensional Finite Element Method
Authors: Ren Rui Bo , Geng Li Tao , Qi Wen Yang
Published: September 2011

The dynamic response of saturated asphalt pavement subjected to moving vehicle load is studied. Based on the porous media theory, a three-dimensional finite element model is developed and the temporal and spatial distribution of three directional stresses and strains are calculated in saturated pavement and compared with those in dry condition. The results show obvious difference between saturated and dry asphalt pavement, especially in asphalt layer.
Analysis of Concrete Pavements Characteristics of Oblique Distribution Forms of Prestressed Reinforcement
Authors: Cai Hua , Li Feng Shuo , Li Xin
Published: September 2011

ABAQUS software is adopted. And the three-dimensional finite element models, respectively oblique and vertical reinforcements, are used for the calculation of the prestressed concrete pavement structure. The prestress is imposed on pavement by changing the temperature of reinforcements. Then through the analysis of mechanical behavior of the two kinds of prestressed reinforcement concrete pavements under the standard load. The results show that the oblique reinforcement pavement is flatter and the range of influnence is smaller. These data of the two kinds of pavements are provided for engineering design and construction.
The Material and Mechanical Property of Heavy-Duty Prestressed Concrete Sleeper
Authors: Hwang Chao Lung , Chen Chun Tsun , Lee Long Sherng , Bui Le Anh Tuan , Hou Bhi Song , Hsieh Hsi Yi
Published: September 2011

This study is focused on the heavy duty sleeper using steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) material to substitute wooden material and on the analysis of the performance of such sleeper. The purpose is mainly to develop heavy-duty prestressed concrete sleeper (HPCS) with high strength and good ductility, and to meet the needs of heavy load for the railroad engineering. The results show that all the properties of designed SFRC conform to design requirement and by using pozzolanic materials, steel fiber and low water content as well as cement content can increase strength, toughness and durability of concrete. The ultimate flexural load of HPCS is 3 times higher than wooden sleeper (WS), and after 3,000,000 cycles repeat loading it shows no failure. This implies that HPCS has better service life than WS and can reduce life cycle cost as replace WS.
Exploratory Research of Driving Fault-Tolerance of Road Traffic Devices: A New Traffic Safety Concept
Authors: Hu Li Wei , Pei Yu Long , Chen Mei Ru
Published: September 2011

This paper analyses the source and development of fault tolerance theory, and discusses the working process of fault tolerance, and illustrates the workflow and dependability of fault tolerance. So there is a widespread belief that this is feasible that fault tolerance theory is used in the traffic safety study. Base on summarizing fault tolerance factors, the paper gives fault tolerance conceptual model primarily which could be used in the road traffic safety research. Above all, the paper presents a new idea which study traffic safety issues from the perspective of fault-tolerant , and this is important core content of the paper, and is the purpose of writing this article too.
Best Repairing Algorithm for Transportation Lifeline Network under Major Natural Disasters
Authors: Li Zhi Jie , Chen Fu Jian , Chen Pei Yuan
Published: September 2011

To repair remote mountainous transportation lifeline networks destructed by major natural disasters, a best repair algorithm developed from augmented variational method (AVM) is presented. By constructing a residual network of the original network, augmenting a given feasible flow along the augmented path and introducing pre-flow push algorithm, the optimal evacuation way in the remaining paths is amended and found out. Finally, the calculating process of pre-flow push algorithm was illustrated through a case study. According to actual situation of the road, measures for repairing the lifeline network were proposed. Result of the case study shows that the ability to transfer road traffic after secondary accidents will be improved by calculating and comparing the modified values of AVM to the critical sections in remote areas.
Financial Analysis of Railway Construction Projects Based on Network
Authors: Bai Fei Biao , Hou Rong Hua , Liu Hua , Zhu Jian Mei
Published: September 2011

Based on analyzing the system and network characteristics of the railway financial analysis, it discusses the necessity of financial analysis based on network. Combining with a specific case, it analyses the related network, associated projects, with or without project and other key issues, then expounds the with or without project volume, identification and calculation of costs and benefits in detail. For cost calculation, it probes into construction investment estimate of this project, the associated investment estimate, operating costs, and other important issues. For benefits, it detailed analyses the increase of the number of transport products, improvement of transport quality and lower transportation costs three parts. Finally it concludes the necessity, objectivity and feasibility of network-based financial analysis in railway construction projects.
Effect of Obstacle on Evacuation Process for Mixed Pedestrians Dynamics
Authors: Wei Yan Fang , Shi Wei , Song Tao
Published: September 2011

Evacuation time it takes for people to escape out of a room with obstacle was investigated by using a small-grid lattice gas model with different maximum velocities. The relationship between the evacuation time and the size of barrier was explored. The evacuation time decreases when the obstacle is set appropriately under different densities. The numbers of pedestrians running out of the room with and without obstacle at each time step are compared.
Threshold Determination Based on Reliability of Road Service Level
Authors: Zhao Xiao Ju , Tang Zhi Qiang , Liu Ming Jun
Published: September 2011

The concept of reliability of road service level was put forward and the threshold determination method based on this concept was studied in this paper. Results of case studies showed that the proposed method for threshold determination was valuable in practice.
Study on Road Traffic Safety Evaluation Based on Improved Bayes Model
Authors: Li Yao Ping , Li Jian Lin , Li Bin , Hu Li Wei
Published: September 2011

he traditional safety evaluation methods are mostly based on historical accident data, which belong to the macroscopical level and have obvious defects in traffic safety management. This paper established accident Probability Density Function by using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), proposed Accident Probability Prediction (APP) model based on Empirical Bayes (EB) method for considering the impact of accident location characteristics and historical data. The paper also established the method for road traffic safety micro-evaluation by adopting Traffic Accident Probabilities of Equivalent ten thousand Cars (TAPEC) indicator, and a comparative evaluation was conducted by the proposed method against cumulative frequency curve method. Through analyzing accident data collected from the G301, the results show that the proposed method is more reliable and can access to the transformation priorities of potentially dangerous road sections. So it can provide theoretical basis for checking the dangerous sections and improving accident prevention and response.
Wagon Hours Saved by Transferring Wagons without Sorting Operations at Technical Station
Authors: Xie Jin Bao , Gao Lei , Zhang Jian
Published: September 2011

For the method calculating the benefits gotten by transferring the wagons at technical stations without sorting operations, two different calculating methods are brought forward at present. This paper firstly calculates the wagon hours consumed both when the basic scheme is applied and the scheme in which the trough wagon flows passing the technical station without shunting operations is applied, and then deduces a formula to calculate the wagon hours saved by through wagon flow passing technical station without sorting operations and analyzes deeply the affecting factors. As a result, it is found that the two calculating methods are the special cases of it. Because in the calculating process the influence of through wagon flow passing the station to the staying time at the station has been taken into account, the method mentioned above is more complete, and could provide a theoretical basis for the calculation.
The Correction Model of Webster Method for Intersection Delay
Authors: Bai Han , Deng Kai , Wang Nan , Qiao Qiang Qiang
Published: September 2011

Intersection delay, an important indicator of traffic control, is often calculated by the Webster formula nowadays. This study investigated and analyzed the delay of several intersections in Jinan using the principal component analysis to identify the impact factors of the delay. Statistical analysis was used by MATLAB to build the correction model of Webster formula for intersection delay.
Study on Optimization for Taxiway Routing Arrangement Based on Simulation
Authors: Liu Yan Xi
Published: September 2011

The proper arrangement of taxiways is one of the most important jobs for airport operations. Based on simulation technique, the problem that latency time was hard to be presented by mathematics analytic expressions is solved in this paper. By transforming operating limitations into constraint conditions, taxiway optimization model aims at the shortest weighting taxiing time is established and the genetic algorithm is used in solving the model. To improve the efficiency, proper deletions of scheme set are conducted by the rules. At last, the validity of the simulation model and the algorithm are illustrated by an example.
Safety Evaluation and Countermeasure Research on Fringe Area
Authors: Zheng Yi Nan , Yao Hong Yun , Zhou Zheng
Published: September 2011

Noting that road structure and traffic condition in urban and rural area are clearly different from urban roads and highways, this article points out the main safety problems existing in fringe area through analysis of road traffic conditions, transportation characteristics and characteristics of different accidents in urban and rural existence, and as well puts forward the countermeasures from two aspects, namely traffic planning and management, to solve the problems of Chongqing fringe traffic.
Research on Load Transfer of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement with Hollow Foundation
Authors: Chen Xiao Bing , Huang Xiao Ming , Tong Jin Hu
Published: September 2011

Based on the equivalence principle of bending deflection and torsional displacement, the concentrated vertical load which acts on the center of a continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) is translated into an equivalent half-wave sine load by Fourier transform. On the basis of this transform and deformation harmony condition of crack, the equations of load transfer are established. According to the translation principle of the force, the equations of load transfer of adjacent slabs are worked out. With the small deflection theory of elastic thin slabs, the bending deflection and torsional displacement formulas of CRCP under the concentrated vertical load with hollow foundation are deduced, which is verified by the results of finite element(FE). The results show that the characteristic of CRCP after cracking is related to the rigidity factor which is proportional to the spacing of adjacent cracks and the width of CRCP.
A Mode Choice Model for a Public Transport Transfer Center in Istanbul
Authors: Tezcan Huseyın Onur , Yonar Fatih , Topuz Kiremitci Sabahat
Published: September 2011

The aim of this study is to understand the reasons behind the mode choice preferences of passengers using a public transport transfer center. For this aim, a questionnaire data obtained at an interim transfer center in Istanbul is utilized. This interim center hosts stops for paratransit, bus and metro modes. A multinomial logit model of modal preferences is estimated and the coefficient results of this model are used to analyze and compare modes.
Balancing between Headway and Frequency Scheduling for Bus Service
Authors: Hafezi Mohammad Hesam , Ismail Amiruddin
Published: September 2011

Bus networks occupy less space in city streets, and compared to other kinds of public transportation, need less investment cost. An accurate bus operation schedule which considers actual arriving and departure time is essential for bus companies, due to high passenger demand. In real-world cases, there are daily differences in the frequency of bus dispatch from the terminal, and headway of buses between each bus bay along their route, depending on peak hour traffic and resulting congestion. In this research we studied effective parameters for preparation of proper bus operation scheduling. Measures are essential to ensure that buses receive priority over other traffic, if they are to be attractive to passengers. Finally, we suggest some solutions for lessening interval time in headway and frequency scheduling for bus services. Data obtained from an actual bus operation in the city of Tehran in Iran was used in this study.
Numerical Simulation of Flowfield around High Speed Trains Passing by each other at the same Speed
Authors: Zhang Ming Lu , Yang Yi Ren , Lu Li , Fan Chen Guang
Published: September 2011

Large eddy simulation (LES) was made to solve the flow around two simplified CRH2 high speed trains passing by each other at the same speed base on the finite volume method and dynamic layering mesh method and three dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Wind tunnel experimental method of resting train with relative flowing air and dynamic mesh method of moving train were compared. The results of numerical simulation show that the flow field structure around train is completely different between wind tunnel experiment and factual running. Two opposite moving couple of point source and point sink constitute the whole flow field structure during the high speed trains passing by each other. All of streamlines originate from point source (nose) and finish with the closer point sink (tail). The flow field structure around train is similar with different vehicle speed.
Fault Diagnosis for Misfire and Abnormal Clearance in a Diesel Engine Based on EEMD
Authors: Lu Jin Ming , Meng Fan Lin , Shen Hua , Ding Li Bin , Ma Jie
Published: September 2011

The misfire of one or more diesel cylinder and the abnormal clearance in the intake valve train of cylinder are common faults which affect the safety and the performance of the engine seriously. A new fault diagnosis method based on EEMD and instantaneous energy density spectrum is proposed here. The IMFs generated by EEMD can alleviate the problem of mode mixing and approach the reality IMFs. The instantaneous energy density of these IMFs can distinguish the faulty impacts clearly. The effectiveness of this method was demonstrated by analysis the vibration signals of misfire fault and abnormal clearance in the intake valve train of 3110 diesel.
Numerical Simulation Study on Superposed Combined Exterior Protected Structure
Authors: Yan Xiao Xin , Li Zong Ming , Chu Yue Hua
Published: September 2011

In this article, the waterproof curtain, the underground diaphragm wall and the soil between them are regarded as superposed combined exterior protected structure, then build a flexible spring support system. When using senior ANSYS finite element analysis program to simulate the strained condition and displacement of the underground diaphragm wall, we will combine with the monitoring result and the result of traditional comouting method. After contrasting, we can get a conclusion: the strained condition and displacement of the wall of this simulation method are more coincident with practical projects, and can reduce unnecessary waste.
Random Dynamic Fatigue Analysis of Body Structures of Coach
Authors: Qin Zhen , Xu Wen Tao
Published: September 2011

In this paper, an efficacious and accurate method for analyzing random vibration and fatigue lifespan of coaches with high degrees of freedom is developed. Based on the design requirements for structure strength and fatigue lifespan of a coach, the finite element model of its body structure was used to investigate the dynamic behavior of the coach running on a randomly uneven road. The vibration characteristic was derived using the pseudo excitation method (PEM). The fatigue lifespan is discussed by means of the Miner rule, and the fatigue resistance is also studied. The reliability of the proposed method is numerically verified.
Computation of Longitudinal Lauching for a Multi-Purpose Cargo Ship
Authors: Huang Yong Sheng , Zhao Han Xing , Wang Hua Ming , Wang Xiao Fei
Published: September 2011

Ship launching is an important step in the whole process of ship construction. In modern shipbuilding industry, longitudinal gravity launching method is suitable for most kinds of ships, and is still widely used in many shipyards. Exactly calculation of the ship’s floating state and force acting on the hull and sliders is very important for security of launching ships. The present paper investigated the floating state and hydrostatic force and moment acting on a multi-purpose cargo ship based on some useful data such as Bonjean curves, distribution of ship mass, coefficients of ship form and arrangement of slipway. The variations of buoyancy and draughts at bow and stern with slipping distance are calculated and compared for two cases.
Design of Probabilistic Pilot Model with Fuzzy Controller for Microburst Escape
Authors: Gao Zhen Xing , Gu Hong Bin , Gao Zheng
Published: September 2011

Pilot should control the aircraft manually when encountering low altitude wind shear during takeoff and landing. For wind shear escape and flight safety research, an effective human pilot model together with wind shear and flight dynamics model should be built with high fidelity. A skill-based human pilot model was built which can describe pilots’ characteristics such as experiences, skills, emotions, reaction abilities, etc. A fuzzy controller was designed for lateral and longitudinal escape control in pilot model. Since single pilot could not represent a group of pilots’ control behavior, some of the model parameters were set to be stochastic, then the Monte Carlo method was adopted to obtain a numerical approximation of safety analysis results. With the probabilistic pilot model, escape strategies and safety analysis can be studied by simulation with high fidelity.
Simulation and Optimization Research on Ignition Timing of the Engine Burning Gasohol
Authors: Li Zhi Jie , Cui Shu Hua , Song Xi Gang , Fan Ya Ni
Published: September 2011

In this paper, the advanced ignition angle ,which gained from experiment on engine combusting gasohol , is taken as a base value. Based on it , a change interval can be determined, and the interval range will be divided into several values. Put each of them into the GT-power model to conduct simulation calculation, get the optimal advanced ignition angle at different working condition. At last, the way to optimize the advanced ignition angle is found.
A Method for Marine Human Error Probability Estimate: APJE-SLIM
Authors: Xi Yong Tao , Guo Chong
Published: September 2011

Safety is the eternal theme in shipping industry. Research shows that human error is the main reason of maritime accidents. Therefore, it is very necessary to research marine human errors, to discuss the contexts which caused human errors and how the contexts effect human behavior. Based on the detailed investigation of human errors in collision avoidance behavior which is the most key mission in navigation and the Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs), human reliability of mariners in collision avoidance was analyzed by using the integration of APJE and SLIM. Result shows that this combined method is effective and can be used for the research of maritime human reliability.
A Recognition Method for Driver’s Intention Based on DS Evidence Theory
Authors: Zhou Shen Pei , Wu Chao Zhong
Published: September 2011

The study on driver’s intention recognition is useful to improve the conclusion accuracy of the risk assessment in current vehicle driving safety precaution system. DS evidence theory is used to study a recognition method for driver’s intention. In order to improve the accuracy of driver’s intention recognition, the driving sequential actions and the driver’s characteristics are also taken into account. The detailed steps of the recognition method for driver’s intention are presented. And the experimental result shows that the recognition method is feasible and effective.
Research on Traffic Guidance and Control System Coordinated Agent Model
Authors: Peng Zheng Hong , Xu Jin Jun
Published: September 2011

Traffic problem is one of serious problem in our society. Put forward the concept of intelligent transportation systems, is seeking to address traffic problems, and gradually become a research hotspot in traffic areas. As two subsystems, traffic control and traffic guidance systems tend to work independently, this paper aims to establish a coordination with the integration of the two systems, while use the agent technologies which emergy in artificial intelligence to establish an integrated model.
Traffic Flow on Gradient Highway and its Stability
Authors: Zhu Wen Xing , Yu Rui Ling , Jia Zhi Ping
Published: September 2011

In this paper we investigated the stability of the traffic flow on a single lane gradient (uphill/downhill) highway. The linear stability theory was used to analyze the model and get the stability conditions. The theoretical result shows that the slope of the gradient has an influence on the stability of traffic flow. Simulations are carried out to check the slope effect of the traffic flow model. Numerical result is in good agreement with the real traffic situations.
The Traffic Characteristics Caused by Lane Reduction Bottleneck in an Optimal Velocity Model
Authors: Zhang Jian , Li Xing Li , Li Zhi Peng , Han Xiang Lin
Published: September 2011

As a kind of typical bottleneck influencing the transportation seriously, the lane reduction has seldomly been investigated with the optimal velocity model. In this paper, we study this issue using the optimal velocity model, in which two kinds of vehicles (fast and slow) are introduced. The asymmetric lane changing rules in the slowdown section and the lane squeezing behaviors at the bottleneck are taken into account. Under the periodic boundary condition, the numerical simulations are performed. The fundamental diagram is obtained. Then, the influences of speed limit and the length of the slowdown section on traffic are discussed in detail from the view of traffic control. The currents are dependent on the speed limit, but independent of the length.
Effects of Ramp Spacing on Freeway Mainline Crashes
Authors: Guo Yong Qing
Published: September 2011

This research applies Negative Binomial regression models to investigate safety effects of ramp spacing. Data for model estimation was collected in 112 freeway segments where each entrance ramp is followed by an exit ramp. Three years (2005-2007) of freeway crash data were examined by the NB model in this study. The modeling results suggest that the frequencies of total crashes, fatal-plus-injury crashes, single-vehicle crashes and multiple-vehicle crashes increase as ramp spacing decreases, and the frequencies of total crashes and multiple-vehicle crashes increase at significant rates. The modeling result has been geared into the development of accident modification factors (AMFs) for ramp spacing that can be used safety prediction of freeways.
Evaluating Travel Time Reliability Based on Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Zhang Xiong Fei , Li Rui Min , Liu Min , Shi Qi Xin
Published: September 2011

Travel time reliability, as a measure of performance, is attracting more and more attention because unreliable transportation information hinders travelers’ decision making and creates difficulties for authorities to manage network operations. Since travel time reliability is closely related to the stochastic properties of the day-to-day travel time distribution, several statistical measures have been proposed, including standard deviation, coefficient of variation, buffer index, misery index and so on. Each of these measures is derived from travel time distribution but captures only one or two characteristics of travel time. In this paper, an effort is made to evaluate travel time reliability incorporating as many characteristics of travel time as possible based on fuzzy logic. The basic rules are: (1) the larger the variance is, the more unreliable the travel time is; (2) the larger the travel times of unlucky travelers are, the more unreliable the travel time is; (3) the larger the distribution skews to the left, the more unreliable the travel time is. The proposed methodology has been tested and analyzed with field data.
Evaluation of Waterway Navigation Environment Based on SPA
Authors: Chen Hou Zhong , Tian Yan Fei
Published: September 2011

In order to evaluate waterway navigation environment more systemically, the Set Pair Analysis Evaluation Model for the environment was established according to basic principle of SPA, on basis of safety affection factors being analyzed. In accordance with risk degree of each factor, the expression of Connection Degree can be obtained, proceeding with estimating the safety of a channel. This model used, the waterway navigation safety level can be evaluated more objectively, comprehensively and systemically, and criticalities of affect or indeterminate factors gained in a quantitative way. Targeting measures could be implemented to improve navigation conditions to ensure navigation safety with the assessment conclusion being based on.
Coordinated Ramp Metering Based on Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Liang Xin Rong , Xiong Jian
Published: September 2011

Hierarchy control strategy and ant colony optimization are proposed for coordinated ramp control. The macroscopic model to describe the evolution of freeway traffic flow is firstly established. Then the coordinated ramp control system is designed. There are two layers in this coordinated control system: the coordination control layer to select traffic models, to adjust the model parameters, and to determine the desired traffic density in each freeway section according to the current traffic status; and the direct control layer to keep the actual values of state variables in the vicinity of the desired state points via PI controllers. Ant colony algorithm is used to find the optimal PI control parameters. Simulation results show that the control system is of good performance. It can eliminate traffic jams, maintain traffic flow stability, and make vehicles travel more efficiently and safely.
Analysis and Comparison of Locomotive Traction Motor Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Methods
Authors: Chen Zhan Peng , Wang Zhuo , Jia Li Min , Cai Guo Qiang
Published: September 2011

Train operation safety is the most important and the most basic requirement. Locomotive traction motor is the train operation of traction power equipment, whose reliability relates directly to the train operation safety. And locomotive traction motor fault diagnosis is to ensure the reliability of the traction motor scooter important technique means. Through the locomotive pulling motor failure diagnosis method's research, the traction motor typical fault type has been summarized, the main intelligent diagnosis method principle has been narrated, the main principles of the intelligent diagnosis, diagnostic procedures, and their advantages and disadvantages are described in detail, the existing problems in the field and future trends are pointed out finally.
Technique Analysis of Renovation and Re-Use Design of Berlin Neukölln District Water Pumping Station Building
Authors: Zhao Lin , Zhang Jing , Zhang Zhao Hui
Published: September 2011

This document studies Berlin Neukölln district pumping station, explains and demonstrates the background, habilitation, overview and renovation of the project. Based on that, analysis the spatial design methods it has been used as well as explore the renovation of its structure and material. Moreover, China remains many water plant buildings after the Reform, and can lend lots of good method to make good use of our own renovation of old industrial buildings. Thus, draw the final conclusion that showing the possibility of the latter as well as bringing back life to the former one can achieve a truly successful transformation.
A Profound Discussion of the Inconsistencies in a Clamped Magnetostrictive Film-Substrate System
Authors: Li Ming , Zheng Hui Ming
Published: September 2011

Recently, the inconsistencies are pointed out by previous authors for the problem of finding the strains, stresses and energy densities observed in isotropic elastic magnetostrictive materials that are in the form of thin films deposited on non-magnetic substrates. We discuss the reason of such inconsistencies that the total normal stresses should be the sum of the stresses caused by the external mechanical force and magnetic field. We show that such a situation can be realized in many of the current models used to make predictions for magnetostrictive structures and the inconsistencies can be explained.
Study on Influence of Water Based Capillary Inorganic Water Proofer on Concrete Performance
Authors: Li Yi Jin , Gong Yun Li
Published: September 2011

The development of water based capillary inorganic water proofer is discussed in this paper. By practical engineering application research, the influences of water based capillary inorganic water proofer on concrete strength, impermeability, carbonation resistance, wear resistance and corrosion resistance are summarized. Finally, the prospect of application of water based Capillary inorganic water proofer is pointed out.
Fretting Corrosion Wear Behaviors of Steel Wires in Hoisting Ropes in Alkaline Condition
Authors: Liu Hong Tao , Zhang De Kun , Cao Shou Fan , Shen Yan , Hou Xing Hui , Xu Lin Min
Published: September 2011

In this paper, the fretting corrosion wear behaviors of steel wires were researched when the wires were lubricated with alkaline solution. Then, the wear mechanism was analyzed. Results showed that the friction coefficients of wires lubricated with alkaline solution were little influenced by the loads, while greatly affected by the electrochemical corrosion existing on the surfaces of the friction pairs. The shape of most of the fretting wear debris was tuberous or near spherical which owns smooth edges. This kind of wear debris was beneficial to reduce the fretting wear of steel wires. The depth of wear scar, used to evaluate the fretting corrosion wear of the steel wires, was increased with the increase of load. In addition, the wear depth of the wire lubricated with alkaline solution was not only less than which obtained in dry friction condition, but also less than which lubricated with deionized water and acid solution. Analysis showed that the corrosion solution played an important part in the fretting corrosion wear. And the effect of corrosion solution to the wear was stronger than which to the corrosion of steel wire materials.
Analysis of Mechanical Behavior of Fine Sand Filling Embankment
Authors: Zhang Hai Xia , Meng Guang Li , Lv Yue Jing
Published: September 2011

It is serious problem of the deficiency of high quality embankment filling in the expressway construction in shanghai, the Yangtze estuary fine sand has been extensive applied as the substitute filling material to avoid destroying the cultivated land and cropland. It is signality of the fine sand filling embankment technique popularization and application to the improvement of highway construction level, the protection of the cultivated land and the protection of the eco-environment. For the natural sand is no-viscous bulk solid material with great variation on mechanical properties to traditional embankment filling, now there are some problems on the application of fine sand filling embankment engineering haven’t been analyzed such as the highway performance of fine sand filling embankment. In the paper, it analyzed the fine sand filling embankment stability by considering with the shape of landslide and safety factor by using the combination method of the strength reduction method and Fast Lagrange method. The analysis included geometrical and material properties of the slope ratio, the subgrade height, the presence or absence of the surrounding soil and the thickness of it, the top seal coat, pavement structure etc. and proposed the design suggestions of the optimum fine sand filling embankment based on the analysis above[5].
Crystallization Kinetics of the Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5 Bulk Metallic Glass under Continuous and Iso-Thermal Heating
Authors: Hu Chun Xia , Li Gai Lian , Shi Yang
Published: September 2011

The crystallization kinetics of Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5 BMG was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) using the mode of continuous heating and isothermal annealing. It is found that Tg, Tx, and Tp, display a dependence on the heating rate in the case of continuous heating. The activation energies, Eg, Ex and Tp determined by the Kissinger method, yield 445, 264 and 285 kJ/mol, respectively. The local activation energy, E(x), was determined by the Doyle-Ozawa method, which gives the average activation energy 204 kJ/mol. On the other hand, the isothermal kinetics was modeled by the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) equation, the Avrami exponent versus crystallization fraction was calculated at different temperatures. Details of nucleation and growth behaviors are discussed in terms of the local Avrami exponent and local activation energy during the isothermal crystallization. X-ray shows that the quenched BMG only includes the glass single phase. The BMG heated to 873 K has the precipitation of the body-center cubic (BCC) CuZr.
Dynamics of a Supported Cylinder in Axial Flow
Authors: Jin Ji Duo , Li Ning , Qin Zhao Hong
Published: September 2011

The nonlinear dynamics are studied for a supported cylinder subjected to axial flow. A nonlinear model is presented for dynamics of the cylinder supported at both ends. The nonlinear terms considered here are the quadratic viscous force and the structural nonlinear force induced by the lateral motions of the cylinder. Using two-mode discretized equation, numerical simulations are carried out for the dynamical behavior of the cylinder to explain the flutter instability found in the experiment. The results of numerical analysis show that at certain value of flow velocity the system loses stability by divergence, and the new equilibrium (the buckled configuration) becomes unstable at higher flow leading to post-divergence flutter. The effect of the friction drag coefficients on the behavior of the system is investigated.
Fracture Behaviour of Flexible Polyethylene Foams for Potential Use in Damping Applications
Authors: Velasco Jose Ignacio , Antunes Marcelo , Arencón David , Martínez Antonio
Published: September 2011

The application of the essential work of fracture (EWF) methodology for the fracture behavior characterization of closed-cell low density polyethylene flexible foams is discussed in the present paper. The thickness of the foamed sheet and the relative orientation of the initial crack were the main parameters studied. The interpretation of the results is carried out on the basis of the material microstructure and the applicability of the testing method.
Study of Feasibility of Heat Melt Adhesive Being Used in Crack Self-Healing of Cement-Based Materials
Authors: Yuan Xiong Zhou , Sun Wei , Zuo Xiao Bao
Published: September 2011

Based on detailed consideration of the autonomic healing concept of microencapsulated healing agent, micro- bacteria induced calcite and shape memory alloys, our research team proposed a new self-healing technique coupled with of SMA and heat-melt adhesive. In this article, chemical stability and bonding strength with cementitious materials of EVA heat-melt adhesive were tested. Experimental results show that EVA heat-melt adhesive may contain the ability being used in self-healing techniques coupled with SMA.
Analysis of Water Permeability and Retention and Mechanical Properties of the Drainage Base Course with Asphalt Treated Gravels
Authors: Meng Xiang Rong , Dong Xiao Ming , Wang Xiu Shan
Published: September 2011

Through experiments and numerical analysis of water permeability and mechanical properties of the ATPB drainage layer, this research finds out the regular influential patterns of void ratio on water permeability and mechanical properties of the ATPB drainage layer. Based on other constraints, if only the void ratio can be limited within a reasonable range when design the drainage layer, it can ensure a good performance of water permeability and mechanical stability of the drainage layer with stable asphalt gravels. Through tests and analysis of ATPB mechanical properties in different soaking conditions, this research finds out the solutions to the decreasing bearing capacity of the structure caused by the over-large void ratio.