bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La importancia de la filosofía de nuestros tiempos
Authors: Sarango-Zárate Jorge E.
Published: December 2020

Desde que sabemos que existe la filosofía, siempre es muy complicado para la gran mayoría de personas decir la importancia o para qué sirve la misma. Este artículo presenta la forma de ver la filosofía bajo tres maneras que resaltan su importancia y el quehacer de la filosofía. Lo que pretendemos hacer es, en primer lugar, mostrar cómo hombres ante la crisis dan alternativas de cómo la filosofía puede contribuir a encontrar la felicidad. En segundo lugar, cómo la filosofía puede ser transformadora del mundo. Tercero, cómo la filosofía puede deconstruir la historia.
Systemic Risk in China’s Financial Industry Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lan Cheng , Huang Ziyi , Huang Wenli
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the dynamic CoVaR method is used to measure changes in systemic risk in the financial industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that, first, after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the systemic risk of the financial industry increased significantly. Second, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the systemic risk of the securities industry was greater than that of the banking and insurance industries.
Application of a Case Study Methodology
Authors: Tellis Winston
Published: December 2020

In the preceding article (Tellis, 1997), the goals and objectives were presented and explained in detail. In this article, the methodology to accomplish those goals and objectives will be examined. The reader will become familiar with the specific techniques that are used in the current study, and supported by the literature that was reviewed in the previous article. That methodology will follow the recommendation of Yin (1994) and has four stages: Design the case study, Conduct the case study, Analyze the case study evidence, and Develop the conclusions, recommendations and implications. The article begins with an introduction, that includes some of the background information that is intended to inform the reader. Following that section, each step of the methodology will be explored in detail. Finally a summary will connect all the information in a concise manner.
Optimizing Processing Time of Radio-Astronomy Antenna Simulations Using FEKO
Authors: Steiner Rowanne , Ung Daniel , Hubrechsen Anouk , Jones Robert , Wayth Randall , Bentum Mark , Smolders A. Bart
Published: December 2020

The far-field pattern of a geometrically large and complex antenna used in low-frequency radio astronomy is computationally expensive to simulate on electromagnetic simulators, such as FEKO. For example, one station of the Square Kilometer Array, which
consists of 256 log-periodic antenna elements, will take years to simulate using the full CAD model for the full operational frequency band. This paper focuses on reducing the simulation time for a single antenna element by simplifying the simulation model, thus decreasing the number of unknowns that have to be solved in a simulation. An iterative process for optimizing the simplification of such an element is described, while keeping the reflection coefficient within 1 dB absolute mean deviation of the measured data. After four iterations, the amount of unknowns to be solved, which includes the number of triangles and segments, was reduced from 29,307 to 11,991. This decreased the computation time by 86.5%, making array simulations feasible. Using the techniques described in the paper, other antenna constructions can benefit from it and be simulated more efficiently.
Integrated Analysis and Optimization of the Large Airborne Radome-Enclosed Antenna System
Authors: Zhai Chang , Zhao Xunwang , Lin Zhongchao , Zhang Yu
Published: December 2020

In order to realize integrally analysis and optimization of the large airborne radome-enclosed antenna system, a novel optimization strategy is proposed based on an overlapping domain decomposition method by using higher-order MoM and out-of-core solver (HO-OC-DDM), and combining with adaptive mutation particle swarm optimization (AMPSO). The introduction of parallel out-of-core solver and DDM can effectively break the random access memory (RAM) limit. This strategy can decompose difficult-to-solve global
optimization problems into multi-domain optimization problems by using domain decomposition method. Finally, take airborne Yagi antenna system as an example, the numerical results show that the design of large airborne radome-enclosed antenna system based on the proposed strategy is convenient and effective.
Analysis and Design of a Diplexer for Satellite Communication System
Authors: Eldesouki Eman , Ibrahim Khalid , Attiya Ahmed
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the design and analysis of a diplexer for satellite communication system based on hybrid spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) transmission lines. The proposed diplexer consists of a SSPP printed line composed of H-shaped periodical grooved strips to operate as a low pass filter and a SIW to operate as a high pass filter. The operating frequency bands of the proposed diplexer are from 11.7 to 12.75 GHz for the downlink (DL) band, and from 17.3 to 18.35 GHz for the uplink (UL) band. These frequency bands correspond to the operating frequencies in Nile Sat 201 system. The frequencies of the DL and UL bands are adjusted independently by tuning the structure parameters of SSPP and SIW sections, respectively. The proposed
hybrid SSPP-SIW diplexer is fabricated and measured. Simulated and measured results show good channel isolation, low return loss and low insertion loss in the required frequency bands.
Novel RFID Conformal Tag Antennas for Liquid Level Detection Applications
Authors: El Swiefy Bassant , Ahmed Mohamed , El Sadek Hala , Anis Wagdy
Published: December 2020

Detection of liquid level in large tanks is presented in this paper. The liquid level is detected using a transmitter and RFID tag antennas as a receiver. The transmitter antenna is a Vivaldi with wide bandwidth from 0.5 GHz to 3 GHz. The Vivaldi antenna is fabricated on FR4 with 𝜀𝑟 = 4.3 and thickness of 0.8 mm. Two conformal RFID tag antennas are used as receiver antennas. The conformal antenna is placed on Rogers Ultram 3850 flexible substrates with 𝜀𝑟 = 2.9 and a thickness of 0.1016 mm. The conformal antenna is designed to set on a cylindrical tank made from PVC material. The first tag works at 0.9 GHz and the second tag works at 2.45 GHz. Water and Oil are used as liquids for testing. The antennas are simulated using CST microwave studio simulator Ver.14. The system is also fabricated and measured. Good agreement is achieved between simulated and measured results.
TRANSVERSALIZAÇÃO DE GÊNERO NAS FORÇAS ARMADAS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: De Oliveira Aldner Peres , Costa Rejane Pinto
Published: December 2020

Este estudo aborda a temática da transversalização de gênero nas Forças Armadasbrasileiras e as implicações na área da defesa nacional com foco na mulher militar.O tema ganha importância no momento em que as Forças Armadas têm-seempenhado em implementar políticas e ações positivas em reconhecimento àigualdade de gêneros. Nosso objetivo é verificar até que ponto a transversalizaçãode gênero tem sido incorporada pelas Forças Armadas brasileiras e seu impactona segurança, defesa e desenvolvimento nacionais. O referencial teórico quebalizou o estudo foi o multiculturalismo articulado à transversalização de gênero,e a metodologia adotada conjugou pesquisas teórica e documental para desvelarcomo essa questão tem sido tratada por organismos internacionais e nacionaise pelos documentos de defesa brasileiros. A conclusão evidencia a progressivaincorporação da transversalização de gênero nas Forças Armadas brasileiras,enfatizando potenciais, limites e desafios para a construção de uma sociedadelivre de preconceitos e discriminações, contribuindo para a segurança, defesa edesenvolvimento do Brasil.
Evaluación y acreditación de titulaciones universitarias en Educación desde el punto de vista del profesorado
Authors: Ibáñez-López Francisco Javier , Hernández-Pina Fuensanta , Monroy Fuensanta
Published: December 2020

Las titulaciones de Educación Superior deben ser sometidas a procesos de evaluación de la acreditación para asegurar su correcto funcionamiento y cumplimiento de objetivos. Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo analizar las facilidades y dificultades encontradas a la hora de realizar los procesos de evaluación y acreditación por parte del profesorado y comprobar el liderazgo que los equipos de dirección de los centros y los coordinadores de titulaciones ejercen sobre los mismos. Fue desarrollada en un centro universitario estatal que consiguió finalizar en 2018 la acreditación por parte de la Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación (ANECA) de todas sus titulaciones oficiales. El estudio fue descriptivo y se abordó con un enfoque de investigación mixto mediante la recogida de información cuantitativa y cualitativa, a través de una encuesta tipo escala Likert y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados señalaron tres dificultades principales: la complejidad de los procedimientos en sí, la falta de personal especializado para llevar a cabo estos procedimientos y en general, la poca participación de los grupos de interés. Se destacaron las facilidades que ofrece el servicio de gestión de la Calidad de la universidad, y el liderazgo que abanderan el equipo directivo y los coordinadores de las titulaciones. Las conclusiones certificaron una necesidad de simplificar y modificar los procesos, de apostar por su eficiencia con más medios materiales y humanos, y de fomentar la participación activa de todos los grupos de interés.
Memoria escolar y conocimientos didáctico-disciplinares en la representación de la educación geográfica e histórica del profesorado en formación
Authors: Parra Monserrat David , Morote Seguido Álvaro Francisco
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo pretende examinar el modo en que los futuros docentes de Educación Primaria y Secundaria representan las materias de Geografía e Historia para valorar la incidencia que dichas representaciones pueden tener en su futura práctica profesional. Para ello, se ha diseñado un cuestionario mediante el cual se pretende analizar cuál es el peso de la memoria escolar y de su formación pedagógico-disciplinar en su forma de conceptualizar dichas materias y, sobre todo, en la adopción de determinadas perspectivas y finalidades socio-educativas. El estudio ha contado con la participación de 124 estudiantes de la Universitat de València (España) (84 procedentes del Grado en Maestra/o en Educación Primaria y 40 del Máster de Profesorado de Secundaria de la especialidad de Geografía e Historia) en la última fase de su formación inicial. Para la recogida de la información se optó por un enfoque mixto, ya que el cuestionario combinaba ítems cerrados con preguntas abiertas. La información se analizó a partir de una serie de variables consideradas relevantes como el tipo de recuerdos, la formación disciplinar o la formación pedagógica, entre otras. Los resultados apuntan a un cierto peso de los elementos tradicionales, reforzados por el peso de la memoria individual y colectiva, en el modo de entender la Geografía y la Historia, y a la importancia del dominio disciplinar para poder romper con determinadas herencias que lastran la innovación y la adopción de un modelo crítico de educación.
Allies in PreHealth Advising: Effectively Supporting an Increasingly Visible LGBTQ Population
Authors: Lockman Tyler J.
Published: December 2020

LGBTQ students face unique challenges and questions on their paths to careers in the health professions, including the potential for discrimination. Based on available data, this particular population of students is becoming increasingly visible in graduate health professions education and during the application process. Accordingly, health professions advisors must be prepared to meet the needs of these students and do more to make up for existing gaps in resources and information, positioning themselves as strong allies to a historically marginalized community. Recommendations and resources are offered, including guidance on establishing trust and credibility with LGBTQ advisees.
DESCRIPTORES BI-RADS PARA LA CLASIFICACIÓN DE LAS LESIONES MAMARIAS Y SU APLICACION PARA LAS LESIONES MAMARIAS NO PALPABLES
Authors: Jaramillo Estrada Danny Marcelo , Moya Guerra Katherine Raquel
Published: December 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo es rea-lizar una revisión de las actualizaciones del sistema descriptor BI-RADS siendo la del año 2013 la quinta y última versión del atlas radiológico de imágenes y reporte BI-RADS. Esta nueva versión incorporó modificaciones en el manejo, nomencla-tura y descriptores de distintas lesiones y, entre estas, de las lesiones mamarias no palpables. El sistema BI-RADS se puede utilizar en mamografía, ecografía y reso-nancia magnética. Normalmente, cuando el radiólogo realiza varias pruebas, las valora de forma conjunta emitiendo una categoría final única, con base en el ha-llazgo de mayor nivel observado. La Ame-rican Cancer Society (ACS, Sociedad Estadounidense de Cáncer) recomienda efectuar un screening mamográfico anual a partir de los 40 años. En el caso de mu-jeres que tienen antecedentes familiares certeros de cáncer de mama, se comien-za el screening anual a los 30 años. En este contexto, el establecimiento de las categorías BI-RADS del Colegio Ameri-cano de Radiología ha supuesto un im-portante hito en la clasificación de los ha-llazgos mamarios, al permitir establecer unas pautas para su diagnóstico. Dentro de la clasificación BI-RADS la categoría 1 corresponde a la mama normal, sin le-siones; la categoría 2 a lesiones benignas intrascendentes; la categoría 3 a lesiones probablemente benignas, con valor pre-dictivo positivo (VPP) para cáncer inferior al 2%; la categoría 4 a lesiones sospe-chosas con un VPP variable entre el 2 y el 85%, y por último la categoría 5, alta-mente sospechosa de malignidad, con unVPP superior al 85%. Evidentemente, no tiene sentido realizar una biopsia de las lesiones clasificadas en las categorías 1 ó 2, sin embargo, es preciso realizar biop-sia de las lesiones de las categorías 4 ó 5 dado su moderado o alto VPP para cán-cer. En este trabajo realizamos una revi-sión del papel de cada técnica de biopsia, de la clasificación BIRADS, su importan-cia, así como su papel en las lesiones mamarias no palpables.
PENGARUH SISTEM REKRUTMEN DAN PERILAKU ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA ORGANISASI PADA PALANG MERAH INDONESIA (PMI) SIGLI KABUPATEN PIDIE
Authors: Akmal Syamsul , Hariyanti Siska
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Sistem Rekrutmen dan Perilaku Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Organisasi pada Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) Sigli Kabupaten Pidie. Variabel independen yaitu Sistem Rekrutmen (X1), Perilaku Organisasi (X2) dan Kinerja Organisasi (Y) sebagai variabel dependennya. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah anggota Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) Sigli Kabupaten Pidie. Sampel diambil sebanyak 32 orang sampel dengan menggunakan rumus slovin. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode survey melalui kuesioner yang diisi oleh responden. Kemudian data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Analisis ini meliputi Uji Validitas, Uji Reliabilitas, Analisis Regresi berganda Uji Asumsi Klasik, Uji Hipotesis melalui Uji F dan Uji t, serta analisis Koefisien Determinasi (R²). Dari hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari keempat variabel yang diteliti, ternyata variabel Sistem Rekrutmen (X1) mempunyai pengaruh yang paling dominan sebesar 0.470 % terhadap Kinerja Organisasi pada Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) Sigli Kabupaten Pidie. Hubungan antara variabel dependen dan independen yaitu masing-masing variabel Sistem Rekrutmen (X1), Perilaku Organisasi (X2) terhadap Kinerja Organisasi pada Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) Sigli Kabupaten Pidie dengan indeks korelasi sebesar 0,929 % Ini berarti hubungan tersebut sangat kuat. Kemudian indeks determinasi masing-masing variabel Sistem Rekrutmen (X1), Perilaku Organisasi (X2) sebesar 0,864 %, ini berarti keempat variabel berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Kinerja Organisasi pada Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) Sigli Kabupaten Pidie, dan sebesar 13,6 % yang dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.Kata Kunci: Sistem Rekrutmen, Perilaku Organisasi dan Kinerja Organisasi
Book review of "Prometheus Bound: The Changing Relationship Between Government and Higher Education in Western Europe"
Authors: Rubenson Kjell
Published: December 2020

No abstract
Pitfalls in the Assessment of Postgraduate Scholarship Programs: The Need for New Indicators
Authors: Dussault F.-Pierre , Manseau Andre
Published: December 2020

Very few published studies have examined the outcomes of postgraduate scholarship programs. Basing our analysis on these studies and on internal reports from U.S. and Canadian organizations involved in scholarship programs, we have compiled an overview of the wide variety of indicators and methods that have been used, and conducted a comparative study of outcomes using the four most commonly used indicators: awarded diploma, obtained job, obtained related job, and pursuing studies. Our analysis revealed several methodological pitfalls in comparing the results. Although the use of available data limits the depth of a comparative analysis, our results show that scholarship programs tend to increase the rate of awarded diplomas.
Gender Patterns in Faculty Participation: A Decade of Experience at a Mid-sized University
Authors: Ahmed Maroussia , Denton Margaret , O’Connor Julia S. , Zeytinoglu Isik Urla
Published: December 2020

This article examines the progress made at a mid-sized Ontario university in reducing gender differences in faculty participation and experience of participation in university administration, decision-making, teaching, research, and other professional activities. Based on a survey of female and male faculty and the report of a Task Force on the Integration of Female Faculty, a number of recommendations were to be implemented beginning in the 1992/93 academic year. Progress is examined in light of a commitment to integration based on the principles of inclusion, visibility of procedure, equitable treatment, and climate of support. The article concludes by discussing issues related to participation, which have relevance beyond the specifics of this case.
A Pilot Project on Inclusivity: The Case of the Master of Education Program in Educational Administration at The University of Manitoba
Authors: Bruno-Jofre Rosa , Yong Jon
Published: December 2020

The paper focuses on experiences and developments in one of the volunteer sites of the Inclusive Curriculum Project initiated in June 1993 by the University of Manitoba in volunteer departments and faculties. It deals with the Masters program in Educational Administration in the Department of Educational Administration and Foundations. It opens with an historical background of the debate framing universities' proposals for change and historizing the understanding of academic freedom in relation to equity and inclusivity. In fact, the process generated by the project was by and large conditioned by the dominant set of assumptions about rights, freedom/autonomy. The paper conceptualizes the various responses to the challenges of inclusivity that the Educational Administration group as a whole or as individuals had articulated over time and examined how perceptions and meaning were created, developed and challenged through the dialogue and interventions that took place during the project. In describing the process, the group's concern with evidence is analyzed along with the results of the student survey, and the role of the external "reviewer." It concludes with an account of what was achieved and the thoughts about the politics of the process that was illustrative of the difficulties involved in questioning one's own academic practices and in unveiling relations of power, disentangling one's own system of ideas.
Àquelle demande les chercheurs universitaires répondent-ils?
Authors: Legault Marie-Josee
Published: December 2020

Dans cet article, les auteurs utilisent les résultats d'une enquête sur les pratiques de collaboration, menée en 1994 par Benoît Godin et Réjean Landry, auprès de près de 1 500 chercheurs universitaires québécois. Les données analysées ici concernent la recherche menée en collaboration entre certains chercheurs universitaires et non la collaboration entre les chercheurs et l'industrie ou le gouvernement, qui fera l'objet d'une autre analyse. L'existence d'une telle base de données leur permet de documenter la question des choix des chercheurs en matière d'organisation locale du travail, matière encore peu explorée. Cela leur permet de soumettre au test des matériaux empiriques une thèse soutenue dans un récent ouvrage de Gibbons et al (1994) (The New Production of Knowledge. The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies), selon un «nouveau» type d'organisation du travail de recherche émerge de nos jours. Or, les résultats de cette récente enquête ne permettent pas de généraliser l'émergence d'un tel mode, favorisant notamment les collaborations entre universitaires et non universitaires, agences gouvernementales ou laboratoires industriels. Parmi les caractéristiques du nouveau mode d'organisation du travail, selon Gibbons et al, les critères d'utilité sociale (et économique) des résultats de recherche et leur potentiel de transfert dans l'entreprise privée tiendraient une importance notable. Cela mettrait en évidence l'évolution de la «demande pour des connaissances» à laquelle souhaitent — ou ne souhaitent pas — répondre les chercheurs. Les pratiques des chercheurs sont très diversifiées à cet égard; elles varient d'abord selon les structures de collaboration mais aussi selon les comportements révélateurs du mode. Les auteurs montrent en effet que les chercheurs universitaires répondent à plusieurs demandes: celles des universités et des étudiants en formation, celles des organismes subventionneurs et des gouvernements, celles des entreprises et de la société exigeant des connaissances utiles, celles de leur champ disciplinaire pour l'évolution cohérente du corpus des travaux qui lui sont rattachés.
Canon littéraire et enseignement de la littérature française au Canada anglais: L'exemple des femmes auteurs
Authors: Sauve Rachel
Published: December 2020

Cet article aborde la problématique de l'enseignement de la littérature dite classique (pour notre propos, la littérature française du XIXe siècle) dans les universités anglophones au Canada, et propose de nouveaux critères pour la sélection des œuvres à enseigner: ancrage d'une œuvre dans sa propre époque, rapports de cette œuvre à notre époque, et rapports intertextuels. Des remarques sur les théories de la formation du canon littéraire, qui désigne ici le corpus des œuvres enseignées, sont suivies d'observations sur la situation dans les universités canadiennes, en prenant l'exemple de la littérature française du XIXe siècle. Le cas des œuvres de femmes, emblématique dans l'histoire de la formation du canon, est ensuite cité en exemple, avec à l'appui une brève étude des tendances actuelles dans la mise en ligne des textes de femmes, qui confirme le maintien des critères traditionnels sur Internet. Par ailleurs, les nouvelles technologies, en favorisant une réflexion sur le format même des cours de littérature, un format plus éloigné des périodisations et de la notion d'auteur, et plus favorable à une mise en réseaux intertextuels des textes littéraires, sont à même de susciter des changements substantiels dans les programmes et la sélection des œuvres enseignées.
When Faculty Use Instructional Technologies: Using Clark's Delivery Model to Understand Gender Differences
Authors: Campbell Katy , Varnhagen Stanley
Published: December 2020

Instructional and learning technologies are playing an increasingly important role in postsecondary education, but there is evidence that a number of differences exist in how females and males approach, perceive, and implement these technologies. As faculty start to offer more of their courses using flexible delivery methods such as Web-based conferencing, it is important to understand what gender differences may exist in faculty members' approaches to instructional and communications technologies so that this process may be better facilitated. This paper has three purposes: to highlight some of the major gender-related differences noted in the literature, including some from a feminist perspective; to present and discuss related findings found in an exploratory, post-hoc analysis of survey data collected from our institution; and finally, to suggest areas for future research. Richard Clark's (1994) model distinguishing between Instructional and Delivery Technologies provides a framework for this discussion.
Strategies for Facilitating Success of First Nations Students
Authors: Hampton Mary , Roy Joan
Published: December 2020

This research suggests guidelines for college instructors which could help them facilitate success of First Nations students based on written narratives and data from four focus groups: (1) two groups of First Nations students; (2) two Faculty of Arts focus groups consisting of professors from the Saskatchewan Indian Federated College and the University of Regina who were identified as effective teachers of First Nations students. Data analysis revealed five themes that identify strategies that individual faculty members, as well as university program groups can use to create more positive learning environments for First Nations students: (1 ) enhancing the professor-student relationship; (2) including relevant First Nations content in curriculum; (3) using flexible teaching methods; (4) adopting a more culturally-appropriate teaching style; and (5) gaining an understand- ing of the unique life of a postsecondary First Nations student.
Selecting and Using Course Readings: A Study of Instructors' and Students' Practices
Authors: Bischoping Katerine
Published: December 2020

University students' practices of reading required course materials have rarely been studied systematically outside the laboratory and are given short shrift in course evaluation questionnaires. This study exam- ines, first, the reasons why a sample of instructors at a large university create selections of course readings and the factors, both pedagogical and otherwise, that influence their selections. Second, students' patterns of reading in these instructors' courses are studied to determine how they vary with the quantity of assigned readings, time of year, and the provision of systematic student feedback to instructors. Third, the most prevalent themes in student feedback about readings are explored, in tan- dem with instructors' proposals about how to revise their reading selec- tions or teaching strategies.
When Academics Become Parents: An Overview of Family Leave Policies at Canadian Universities
Authors: Prentice Susan , Pankratz Curtis J.
Published: December 2020

When academic faculty become parents, how do their employers respond? This paper addresses that question through a review of family leave policies current in Canadian universities as of March 21, 2000. An analysis of pregnancy, parental, adoption, and partner ('paternity') leave policies reveals that most Canadian university policies produce income loss and disruption and are discriminatory, characterized by gender regu- lation and familialism. We assess some normative criteria for improved family leave provisions, and propose that improving faculty family leave policies would benefit all academics. In particular, improved family leave has the potential to eliminate one dimension of systemic discrimi- nation that creates "chilly climates" for female faculty. We predict that family leave issues are likely to emerge as significant concerns on Canadian campuses.
The Future of Merger What Do We Want Mergers To Do: Efficiency or Diversity?
Authors: Lang Daniel W.
Published: December 2020

Mergers have been a frequent phenomenon in higher education in the last quarter century. The conventional wisdom is that mergers are undertaken mainly for economic reasons, either to expand markets or to reduce costs. About four out of five college or university mergers survive. In the for-profit sector the comparable rate is closer to two out of five. From this one might conclude that the future for mergers among colleges and universities is robust. If, however, the principal purpose of mergers is economic efficiency, there logically ought to be a point beyond which the efficacy of merger will begin to decline. There is, however, another motive for merger, which is unrelated to economic efficiency. Mergers can produce greater diversity of programs and services, both among individual colleges and universities and within systems of postsecondary education. If diversification is the primary purpose of merger, the future might look different and might depend on new ways of identifying peers and partners for merger. This essay examines the expectations that are held for mergers, the realism of those expectations, and the means by which partners in mergers are identified and selected. It concludes with the suggestions that diversification may replace efficiency as the main stimulus of merger, and that, as the choice is made between efficiency and merger, institutions and systems of post- secondary education may try other, less permanent, forms of inter-institutional cooperation before committing to merge.
The Relationship Between Grades and Academic Program Satisfaction Over Four Years of Study
Authors: Grayson J. Paul
Published: December 2020

It is frequently assumed that the student experience, and, by implication, student program satisfaction, improves over the course of a university education. A four-year panel study of students at a large commuter university indicates some improvements in assessments of professor performance and GPA between first and fourth year; however, satisfaction with academic programs remains more or less the same across all four years of study. Structural equation modelling was employed to estimate the relationships among professor performance, GPA, and program satisfaction within, and between, each of the four years of study. Contrary to expectations based on some conventional models, it was found that students' assessments of professors were not affected by GPA; conversely, professor performance had little impact on GPA. By contrast, student satisfaction was related to both GPA and professor performance. The greatest predictor of students' program satisfaction, however, was neither GPA nor professor performance, but program satisfaction in the previous year. This finding suggests that underlying personality characteristics likely are more responsible for expressions of program satisfaction than either GPA or professor performance.
The Relationship Between Postsecondary Education and Skill: Comparing Credentialism with Human Capital Theory
Authors: Walters David
Published: December 2020

This paper assesses the importance of the credential requirements used by employers to attract graduates who will use their education on the job. The framework of this study is embedded within the theoretical debates between proponents of the credentialist and human capital theories of education. Past research related to these debates has focused largely on issues such as earnings, underemployment, and productivity, while less empirical treatment has focused on the issue of skill utilization. The statistical analysis suggests that there is a strong correspondence between employees' credentials and the needs of their employers. The extent to which the viability of each theoretical position depends on specific postsecondary programs is also explored.
Entrepreneurship and Image Management in Higher Education: Pillars of Massification
Authors: Mount Joan , Belanger Charles H.
Published: December 2020

Mass higher education has taken hold in the developed nations, and a widely held belief exists that higher education is a "right." With massification have emerged two notable trends: an entrepreneurial emphasis fuelled by the revenue-cost squeeze ensuing from reduced and realigned government funding; and a quest for differentiation through "Image Management" and even "Branding," given the multitude of institutions and offerings present in the "post- massification" era. This paper examines this evolution, some say "revolution," in the university sector.
Extending Access, Choice, and the Reign of the Market: Higher Education Reforms in British Columbia, 1989-2004
Authors: Dennison John D. , Schuetze Hans G.
Published: December 2020

British Columbia has implemented two significant higher education reforms in the last 15 years. The first was an Access for All policy, and in particular, the creation of a new breed of institution—university colleges—and recognition of the right of colleges and institutes to confer "applied" degrees. The second reform, more recent and potentially with wider effect, is the decision to allow and, in fact, encourage the emergence of a private higher education sector to complement and to compete with the public sector. Although both reforms had the declared objective of enhancing accessibility and choice by expanding opportunities to study for degrees, the more recent one, now being implemented, had the further objective of opening higher education to market forces.
From State Control to Competition: German Higher Education Transformed
Authors: Wolter Andra
Published: December 2020

Although there have been several cycles of debate and reform on higher education since World War II, the most recent proposals, some implemented and others under consideration, are by far the most far reaching and consequential of the period. Most aim at resolving the conflict between the ideal of the Humboldtian model of an elite research university, and the demand for an open, accessible, and differentiated system of higher education that takes into account the pivotal role of higher education in the modern world and in a democratic and pluralistic society. Forces and factors at work in other countries have affected the timing and dynamics of system transformation, but the unification in the early 1990s of the two German states, in which higher education had very different structures and mandates, has played a great role in the matter.
Beyond Brain Drain: The Dynamics of Geographic Mobility and Educational Attainment of B.C. Young Women and Men
Authors: Andres Lesley , Licker Aaron
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the topic of "brain drain" has gained considerable attention, both in public and intellectual spheres. Despite the media frenzy, few data sets and related studies exist to examine the nature and extent to which brain drain occurs. The purpose of this study is to extend the scope of the way we think about "brain drain," both conceptually and analytically, by examining the geographic migration and mobility patterns over a 10 year period of a large sample of young adults from British Columbia. Through analyses of detailed longitudinal questionnaire data, we examine geographic mobility patterns in relation to (a) B.C. college region of origin, (b) post-secondary educational completion patterns, and (c) gender. Findings reveal that migration patterns are both gendered and geographically complex. Our findings support the claim that brain drain to the U.S. is a mere trickle, not a flood. When examining gender differences of respondents living in the U.S. and outside North America, the vast majority of women who live outside of Canada have earned university credentials, which suggests that global mobility for women appears to be related to university degree completion. These findings challenge the narrow definition of brain drain as simply a Canada - U.S.A. issue where Canada's "best and brightest" are lured from Canada and invite us to consider the implications of intra- and extra-provincial brain drain (and gain), primarily within the confines of Canada.
Reflections of Researchers Involved in the Evaluation of Pedagogical Technological Innovations in a University Setting
Authors: Ives Cindy , McWhaw Katherine , De Simone Christina
Published: December 2020

It is widely assumed that developments in information and communication technologies are fundamentally transforming and improving higher education. As a part of an ongoing evaluation of technology-supported pedagogy in one university, our three-year research project was designed, on the one hand, to determine if and how selected technologies were beneficial for learning and, on the other hand, to offer professional development for faculty members. In this paper, we reflect on our participation in a pedagogy and technology (referred to as PedTech) pilot project, describe some of the relationships that developed between ourselves as researchers and evaluators and our faculty collaborators, and share what we have learned from this experience. We suggest that a scholarship of teaching approach to evaluating innovations in teaching and learning is one way to support institution-wide adoption.
The Utility of Student Ratings of Instruction for Students, Faculty, and Administrators: A "Consequential Validity" Study
Authors: Beran Tanya , Violato Claudio , Kline Don , Frideres Jim
Published: December 2020

Students, faculty and administrators at a major Canadian university were surveyed to investigate the utility or "consequential validity" of student ratings of instructors. Of the 1,229 (approximately equal number of males and females) students and alumni, about half (52%) indicated that they had never used the ratings, but of those who did use it, many (47%) reported using it several times to select courses and/or instructors. The majority (84%) of faculty members (n = 357) gave favorable responses about the usefulness of student ratings for improving quality of teaching. Paradoxically, even though faculty members were positive about the student ratings, they did not generally use them to make changes in their teaching. The majority (87%) of administrators (n = 52) stated that they use the student ratings for various purposes including decisions about faculty merit and tenure. Students, faculty and administrators considered the overall course instruction to be the most useful type of information derived from the student ratings. The results of the present study indicate that while the utility of data from student ratings of instructors is quite variable, there is evidence of "consequential validity" particularly from administrators.
Enhancing Reflective Teaching Practices: Implications for Faculty Development Programs
Authors: Hubball Harry , Collins John , Pratt Daniel
Published: December 2020

Reflecting on one’s teaching practice is often an implicit goal for faculty development programs. Yet very little has been documented how programs for diverse groups of university teachers actually engage faculty in such reflection. This paper examines how theoretical constructs of reflective practice were applied in the context of an 8-month UBC Faculty Certificate Program on Teaching and Learning in Higher Education (FCP). The Teaching Perspectives Inventory (TPI) was particularly useful for providing faculty cohort members with a means of looking more deeply at the underlying values and assumptions that constituted their philosophical orientations to teaching. Furthermore, a change in faculty members’ TPI scores indicate that participants reflected more comprehensively on their teaching at the end of the program, than they did at the beginning of the program. Barriers to facilitating reflection included inadequate time allocation, unclear expectations and goals for reflection activities, and varying cultural norms for reflective teaching practices within academe.
The Impact of Residence Design on Freshman Outcomes: Dormitories Versus Suite-Style Residences
Authors: Rodger Susan C. , Johnson Andrew M.
Published: December 2020

This study was designed to measure affective, behavioural, and cognitive variables in a sample of 3159 first-year students, and to compare these variables by the type of residence building in which the student lived. Students living in suite-style buildings reported a greater sense of belonging, and higher activity levels than students living in dormitory- style buildings. Furthermore, sense of belonging was predicted by high extraversion and low conscientiousness. This suggests that introverted, conscientious students living in traditional dormitory-style buildings may be most at-risk of feeling “out-of-place” in residence.
The role of economic factors, including the level of tuition, in individual university participation decisions in Canada
Authors: Johnson David R. , Rahman Fiona T.
Published: December 2020

The study uses individual data from the Canadian Labour Force Survey to consider economic factors in university participation decisions by persons aged 17-24 from 1976 to 2003. The level of real tuition is one economic factor that may affect the university participation decision. There is also regional variation in the opportunity cost of university attendance; in the reduction in the probability of unemployment after obtaining a university degree; and in the proportion of university budgets used for financial support of students. In addition, there is some national variation by gender and over time in the return to a university education. This study finds that higher tuition levels in the 1990s did reduce the probability of university participation by persons aged 17,18 or 19 relative to a province- specific trend increase in university participation. Before drawing a policy conclusion from this result, it would be necessary to consider what the trend terms represent in the university participation decision.
The New CAAT: (Dis)illusions of Freedom and the New College Charter in Ontario
Authors: Arvast Anita
Published: December 2020

In 2002 a new Ontario college charter signaled a new era for higher education in Ontario. The charter was presumed to usher in a new way of doing higher education, one that provided greater freedom for Ontario colleges and presumably greater access for communities to higher education. Coupled with the Post-Secondary Choice and Excellence Act of 2000, which provided colleges the opportunity to offer degrees, the colleges appeared well set for the freedom they sought. With the decentralization of approval for curriculum comes an appearance of greater autonomy and authority at the local level; however, with steering mechanisms of funding, performance indicators, and discourses of the marketplace, globalization and performativity permeating curriculum processes, “freedom” remains strongly tempered. This paper uses Foucauldian and critical discourse analysis as a means of considering power and higher education in Ontario, and the limitations and opportunities for “freedom” within our existing discourses.
Globalization and the Internationalization of Graduate Education: A Macro and Micro View
Authors: Nerad Maresi
Published: December 2020

Since the 1990s, globalization has become a central phenomenon for all of society, including graduate education and particularly doctoral education. Globalization takes place in a context where doctoral education and research capacity are unevenly distributed and where a few research universities, mainly in wealthy countries, have become powerful social institutions. But all graduate education systems are increasingly part of an international context in which policy-makers — at every level — are aware of and responding to developments in higher education outside their national borders. For the fi rst time, conditions exist for the emergence of a truly international system of doctoral education; this openness to innovation and expansion holds enormous potential for advancing a more effective future-oriented PhD.
L’intégration universitaire et sociale d’étudiants tunisiens et marocains inscrits dans une université francophone canadienne
Authors: Duclos Virginie
Published: December 2020

This study is part of a body of research looking at the psychosocial processes of acculturation by some migratory sub-groups, as well as the construction of their identity, and the integration strategies developed both by individuals and by academic institutions. We tried to apply these concepts to the situation of students from Tunisia and Morocco who are enrolled in a masters or PhD program in a francophone Canadian university. Through a qualitative approach, using variables of nationality, sex and time since migration, we explore the integration of ten students. We understand integration to be a combination of social and academic integration. The results indicate that students prioritize academic integration, and that social integration largely follows from it.
Double-Loop Learning and the Global Business Student
Authors: Freeman Ina , Knight Peter
Published: December 2020

In preparing students for employment in commerce, the student needs to be aware of many aspects not necessarily included in business programs. In recognizing students often have no or limited exposure to foreign environments, the authors developed an electronic exchange between students in Canada and Kazakhstan. In this exchange, students not only learned about foreign marketplaces but were able to integrate classroom teachings and text knowledge into their actions. This approach resulted in enhanced learning for students through double-loop processes and development in their other courses.
Une enquête sur l’éthique professionnelle des enseignants du collégial québécois : caractéristiques, points de repère et stratégies utilisés pour traiter de préoccupations éthiques
Authors: Desautels Luc , Gohier Christiane , Joly Jacques , Jutras France , Ntebutse Jean Gabin
Published: December 2020

Some results of a survey on professional ethics conducted among francophone college teachers in Quebec are compared with a review of the literature and the results of focus groups previously held on the subject. The justification reasons behind the ethical nature of certain professional concerns, along with the guidelines and the resolution strategies used to address those concerns, are found to be similar. These justifications relate primarily to situations where there is a conflict of conscience, a conflict of values or consequences on others, particularly students; the calling into question of professional integrity stands out as a particular justification not mentioned in earlier studies. The guidelines to deal with dilemmas are also similar: institutional normative texts and values deemed relevant by the teachers come first. The results show a good balance between the use of these two types of guidelines (external and internal) by teachers. The main strategies applied by teachers for resolving dilemmas are peer discussions and personal reflection.
Derrida in the University, or the Liberal Arts in Deconstruction
Authors: Kelly Colm
Published: December 2020

Derrida’s account of Kant’s and Schelling’s writings on the origins of the modern university are interpreted to show that theoretical positions attempting to oversee and master the contemporary university find themselves destabilized or deconstructed. Two examples of contemporary attempts to install the liberal arts as the guardians and overseers of the contemporary university are examined. Both examples fall prey to the types of deconstructive displacements identified by Derrida. The very different reasoning behind Derrida’s own institutional intervention in the modern French university is discussed. This discussion leads to concluding comments on the need to defend pure research in the humanities, as well as in the social and natural sciences, rather than elevating the classical liberal arts to a privileged position.