bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Android ECG Detection System Based on the HL7 Standard
Authors: Sun Ying , Song Jiang , Ye Ying
Published: May 2013

Due to the market demand for mobile, portable and remote heart electric monitoring system, the paper developed an Android ECG(Electrocardiogram) system based on the HL7(Health Level Seven) standard. Android phone as a gateway received ECG data via Bluetooth, and sent ECG message to the server by HL7 standard form. It explores the application of the Android phone in the field of mobile medicine.
Roller Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on IMF Kurtosis and SVM
Authors: Zhu Ke Heng , Song Xi Geng , Xue Dong Xin
Published: May 2013

This paper presents a fault diagnosis method of roller bearings based on intrinsic mode function (IMF) kurtosis and support vector machine (SVM). In order to improve the performance of kurtosis under strong levels of background noise, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method is used to decompose the bearing vibration signals into a number of IMFs. The IMF kurtosis is then calculated because of its sensitivity of impulses caused by faults. Subsequently, the IMF kurtosis values are treated as fault feature vectors and input into SVM for fault classification. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in roller bearing fault diagnosis.
Research and Development of Sucrose Supersaturation Soft Measurement System Based on Least Square Support Vector Machine
Authors: Meng Yan Mei , Lu Guan Cheng , Zhou Quan , Qin Chun Wa , Pang Hai Feng , Zheng Kang Yuan
Published: May 2013

Nowadays, it's difficult to stably measure sucrose supersaturation through an online instrument directly. This paper is Nowadays, it's difficult to stably measure sucrose supersaturation through an online instrument directly. This paper is based on the soft measurement principle，extracting the principal component of auxiliary variables in sucrose supersaturation soft measuring with the method of kernel partial least squares, and eliminating the multiple nonlinear correlation among the auxiliary variables and noise interference, building an online soft measurement of sucrose supersaturation and offline soft measurement model，and improving the accuracy of soft measurement . The paper develops the system of sucrose supersaturation soft measurement by using VC + +6.0.
Optimal Comprehensive Control of Prevention and Emergency Based on DSR and Probabilistic Insecurity Measurement
Authors: Liu Huai Dong , Feng Wei , Chang An , Liu Wen Shuang , Li Qing , Wang Xi Ran
Published: May 2013

Transient stability control of power system is a non-linear optimization problem which contains many constraints. Considering the cost of preventive control, emergency control and the following restorative control synthetically, a model of preventive control and emergency control based on DSR(Dynamic Security Region) and probabilistic insecurity measurement is proposed in the paper, and the optimal operating point of the system was obtained by using the improved genetic algorithm. In the end, the feasibility of the model and optimization strategy are verified by the case of the IEEE 4-generators 11-nodes system. Simulation show that the cost of comprehensive control of prevention and emergency is 13.2% less than the case that without the consideration of the random factors of the fault.
Rigidity-Flexibility Coupling Motion Simulation of the Open Arc Welding Robot in ADAMS
Authors: Li Chang , Ma Xiao Gang , Zhao Guang Bing
Published: May 2013

Considering the effects of mechanisms elastic deformations on the welding quality, this paper builds a rigidity-flexibility coupling parameterized virtual model of an open arc welding robot in ADAMS. Using this method, we can obtain the robot dynamic characters in welding process that approach the real value at utmost. The results show it is an effective way for improving the robot kinematics accuracy and design quality, including simplicity (no need to solve complex mathematic model) and high accuracy which make it highly promising for application.
Application of Generalized Function Set in the Lying States Classification of a Humanoid Robot
Authors: Qi Kai Cheng , Liu Wei , Shang Peng , Zhang Jian Jun , Gao Feng , Yang Jia Lun
Published: May 2013

Standing up from a supine position or sitting down from standing is an important and simple human activity of day life. It is of equal importance for a humanoid robot, but it is not simple work to be completed for the robot. This paper presents the concept of generalized function set, and researches on the characteristics of lying state using the generalize function (GF) set, and gets the interested end effectors (EEs), which is instructional in the next detailed motion planning. Then the work presents the lying state classification of the humanoid robot SJTU-HR1.
Transplanting Path Planning and Motion Functions Research of the High-Speed Tray Seedling Transplanting Robot
Authors: Ma Jun , Hu Jian Ping , Yan Xiao Yue , Qi Chun Hui , Guan Jing
Published: May 2013

High-speed tray seedling transplanting robot was developed which used two-DOF parallel mechanism as transplanting mechanism, and pneumatic manipulator as the end-effector, so it can achieve high speed of transplanting. According to transplanting seedlings from high-density plug to the low-density plug, a type of transplanting path was put forward which consists of rise, translation and decline, in this paper, it was called three-stage trajectory. Analysis the movement characteristic of each stage, make sure the stability of transplanting, then the sine motion law, quintic polynomial motion law and septic polynomial motion law were put forward as the Transplanting movement function according the analysis of movement characteristic. Compared the transplanting efficiency and stability of the three motion law through their velocity, acceleration and saltus, finally, quintic polynomial motion law was preferred as transplanting robot motion law. Transplanting experiment was taken on the developed prototype, the transplanting frequency was more than 60 per minute and the qualified rate can reach 92.71%.
Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of Tank Vehicle under Braking Situation
Authors: Wan Ying , Mai Li , Nie Zhi Gen
Published: May 2013

Considering the instability of the direction dynamics of tank vehicle system under braking maneuver, the longitudinal equivalent model of liquid was formulated with consideration of both the steady-state and the transient state dynamics of the liquid. The Matlab/simulink program of the liquid was built and was combined with the vehicle model in Trucksim software to simulate and analyze the motion of the liquid cargo centroid and its dynamical effects on the vehicle under braking maneuver. It is observed that the liquid cargo slosh motion in tank vehicles has significant influences on braking performance, pitch motion and perpendicular motion of the vehicle. The results of this paper have significant help for studies on dynamics of vehicle tankers under braking maneuver and ensurement of braking stability and security.
A Novel Redundancy Resolution Method via Optimization with Additional Tasks
Authors: Zhou Xue Feng
Published: May 2013

This paper presents an optimization method for redundant manipulator redundancy resolution with additional task. The cost function is a compromise between the requirement of accuracy of the main task, the accuracy of the additional task, and the feasibility of the joint velocities. The joint rates that minimize the cost function can be found, and the joint position trajectories can be integrated with an initial configuration. The effectiveness of this presented method is verified by a planar 3-DoF PRR manipulator.
Application of Reliability Prediction in the Design of CNC Machine Tools
Authors: Yu Jie , Yu Shuang , Song Yu Mei , Wang Ting Ting , Li Qiao Chan , Sun Li Da , Li Zhan Guo
Published: May 2013

Reliability analysis methods of reliability prediction have been simply introduced in the paper. In the light of the CNC machine tools, we can design and direct and find the poor reliability parts. Relevant promotion will be carried out to increase the reliability of the CNC machine tools.
Skin Colour Detection Using the Statistical Decision Theory
Authors: Fang Gu , Kwok Ngai Ming , Dissanayake Gamini
Published: May 2013

Skin colour is an important attribute that can be used to detect human presence in an image. In this paper, a new method is introduced to detect skin pixels in an image based on statistical decision theory. The proposed method uses a parametric model to produce a pixel seed that represents a potential skin pixel. Then the validity of the pixel is confirmed using a moving window and the nonparametric sign test. Experiments show that the proposed method can produce very accurate skin detection results.
Research for the Control Software of Six-Freedom Simulation Platform Based on RTX
Authors: Li Yu Qiang , Xue Kai , Wang Hai Feng
Published: May 2013

This paper proposes a kind of design and realization method of real time control system that based on the Windows real time extension module RTX, which can meet the requirement of six-freedom Stewart platform control system to the real time. The design of the control system was divided into real-time layer and non-real-time layer according to the requirements of various functions to the real-time, and the data communication was realized by means of inter-process communication mechanism. The analysis conclusion to experiments data indicates that the control system is stable in operation and good in real-time performance.
The Shortest Path Algorithm Dynamic Visualization Realization
Authors: Yang Xiao Bo , Chen Bang Ze
Published: May 2013

By using object oriented method design graph vertices into class, and in this foundation to increase visual member, realize from the source point to the other vertex of the shortest path algorithm of dynamic visualization. Around the two sync window animation, the left window with thick lines drawn through the vertices and edges, " revealed the source point to the other vertex of the shortest path " list box display shortest path sequence and path length, the right window demonstration algorithm dynamic implementation process, and in the " S " text box to display the current most find shortest path vertices. The system has friendly interface, visual image.
Design and Implementation of Data Center Network Security
Authors: Du Wei
Published: May 2013

In this paper, starting with the current security issues of the Ethernet data center, the author put forward the solutions for the secure data centers. The solutions are based on a security infrastructure, framed according to border protection, and The depth detection as the core of the secure data center solutions. It is apparent to penetrate the concept of security to the entire data center network design, deployment, and operation and maintenance.
An Approach for Automatic Generation of Multi-Mode 3D Exploded View
Authors: Zhu Jian Gang
Published: May 2013

The author presents an approach to assist furniture engineers in generating multi-mode 3D exploded view automatically under the environment of AutoCAD platform. Based on the secondary development of AutoCAD with Visual LISP programming language, the approach proposed in this paper can allow users to generate 3D exploded view interactively, either centring on a fundamental part or just exploding the target parts. The automated procedure for generation of multi-mode 3D exploded view is explained and applied with a wooden armchair taken as example, obtaining feasible solutions.
A Resource Allocation Algorithm in RFID System
Authors: Lan Hai Yan , Song Hong Tao , Zhao Yun Long , Zhang Guo Yin
Published: May 2013

For problem of limited resources in the RFID (Radio frequency identification) system, a power resource allocation scheme is proposed. The method aims to maximize the system throughput, using cultural algorithm (CA) to search for the optimal power allocation scheme. By dynamically adjusting the signal transmission power of the reader, the overlap area between the reader can be reduced so that the maximum reading range can be obtained. Simulation results show that the algorithm has better performance in the system throughput and energy consumption, reducing the impact of interference between the readers and efficiently using the resources in RFID system.
VOD Client Software Realization of Digital TV STB
Authors: Wang Yu Ru , Lan Zhen Ping , Li Ping
Published: May 2013

Real-time VOD (Video on Demand) system is composed of a front-end processing system, a transmission networks, and a client. This paper focuses on the client software implement. It uses household STB (Set Top Box) with Hass hi3110e development platform, RTSP network protocol, and cable to control information, audio and video data transmission. The user client can start a request through cable television networks to achieve selection, storage, and playback the favorite programs anytime and anywhere.
The Application of Improved Genetic Algorithm in Gate Location Optimization of Plastic Injection Molding
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Xi Cheng
Published: May 2013

A multi-population genetic algorithm based on species equation and Kriging operator is presented in this paper. The parameters of species equation are considered as design variables and processed by real coding, the equation is regarded as modified arithmetic crossover operator to participate in genetic operation. The Kriging operator is bought in to enhance the ability of search optimal solution and promote convergence. The improved genetic algorithm, combined with Z-MOLD simulation program, is used to search the optimal gate location. The results show that the algorithm can effectively solve the plastic injection molding problem.
Truss Structural Optimization Based on Globally Convergent Version of MMA
Authors: Guo Li Hua , Tang Wen Cheng
Published: May 2013

The subproblem of the globally convergent version of method of moving asymptotes (GCMMA) was deeply studied and realized by Lagrange dual method, sequential unconstrained minimization technique (SUMT) and conjugate gradient method. Based on the convex, separable and conservative properties of subproblem, a dual problem was built by using Lagrange dual method. The dual problem was transformed into unconstrained optimization problem using SUMT and solved by conjugate gradient method. Finally, the feasibility of solution of subproblem is demonstrated by truss structural optimization problem. Comparing with other optimization algorithms, GCMMA can converge to the global optimal solution.
Modified Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (MNSGA-II) Applied in Multi-Objective Optimization of a Coal-Fired Boiler Combustion
Authors: Yu Ting Fang , Wang Xia , Peng Chun Hua
Published: May 2013

This paper discussed application of modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (MNSGA-II) to multi-objective optimization of a coal-fired boiler combustion, the two objectives considered are minimization of overall heat loss and NOx emissions from coal-fired boiler. In the first step, BP neural network was proposed to establish a mathematical model predicting the NOx emissions & overall heat loss from the boiler. Then, BP model and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) were combined to gain the optimal operating parameters. According to the problems such as premature convergence and uneven distribution of Pareto solutions exist in the application of NSGA-II, corresponding improvements in the crowded-comparison operator and crossover operator were performed. The optimal results show that MNSGA-II can be a good tool to solve the problem of multi-objective optimization of a coal-fired combustion, which can reduce NOx emissions and overall heat loss effectively for the coal-fired boiler. Compared with NSGA-II, the Pareto set obtained by the MNSGA-II shows a better distribution and better quality.
Wavelet Deconvolution to Improving Log Vertical Resolution
Authors: Li Peng Ju , Gu Yu Feng , Liu Huan Huan
Published: May 2013

Improving log vertical resolution is the principal pathway to enhance identification capability for the thin-layers. This paper introduces the method which is based on the wavelet transform and the deconvolution to improve log resolution. First, gain the sub-band information on the different scales after logging curve is decomposed by wavelet. Then the detailed coefficients on the third scale are processed with deconvolution filtering, and the detailed coefficients on the first scale are dealt with threshold denoising. At last, reconstruct the logging curve whose resolution is improved. The processed results of two wells’ logs indicate that the log vertical resolution has been improved obviously using this method, which can satisfy the demands of thin-layer evaluation.
Experimental Research on a Dual-Coil Ignition System of CNG Engine
Authors: Jing Hai Guo , Yang Li Ping , Ma Xiu Zhen , Song En Zhe
Published: May 2013

A dual-coil ignition system was designed in order to improve ignition performance of CNG engine. The change rule of ignition energy was studied in voltage regulator tube string simulated load, the change rule of secondary voltage was studied in spark plug load. Experimental results explain that compared with single-coil ignition, the new ignition system can enhance ignition energy, increase secondary voltage, increase spark duration ,achieve multiple discharge and improve coil energy efficiency under apposite charging time to primary coils and discharging time interval to secondary coils. This system can correct discharge characters according to engine working conditions, which is very useful to CNG engine.
Research on Yichang Road Transportation Evaluation Based on the Total Factor Productivity
Authors: Gong Xiao Rong , Zhan Bin
Published: May 2013

The input and output data of Yichang road transportation Industry from 2000 to 2010 were concluded in this paper, then the development status and trends of Yichang Road Transportation Industry were analyzed.Meanwhile I used the total factorproductivity method to analyze Yichang road transportation productivity, analyzing the changes of the total factor productivity from the perspective of regression analysis. In short, by measuring and analyzing total factor productivity of Yichang roadtransportation industry, the development status of the road transportation industry can be better grasped and the restrictive factors and sources of growth that impact the development of road transport industry are found. The paper aims to provide the future development of Yichang road transportation certain reference value.
The Model Simulation Analysis of Electro-Rheological Fluid Engine Mounting System
Authors: Jiang Bo , Shi Wen Ku
Published: May 2013

The mathematical model of the electro-rheological fluid engine mounting system is set up, Combining the electro-rheological fluid effect with hydraulic mount technology and considering the flexibility of the car frame. The simulation model of electro-rheological fluid engine mounting system is build up by the Simulink module of Matlab software to simulate the representative situations of the system, and the displacement and acceleration characteristic curves of the powerplant and the car frame is received. The simulation results indicate that the vibration isolation capability of the system with electric field is better than the one without electric field.
A Study of the Material Re-Issued Models for an Insufficient Output of the LED Chip Manufacturing Plant
Authors: Wu Horng Huei , Li Ming Feng , Yeh Cheng Hsin
Published: May 2013

The LED chip manufacturing (LED-CM) is an important process in the LED supply chain. The make-to-order production strategy is a general production model for the LED-CM plants to satisfy the variety requirement of their customers. Because the unstable production output of the LED-CM plants, the effective order fulfillment is low and variety. Under the severely competitive pressure, the production planner will thus confront the issue of material re-issued for an insufficient output of an MO. The purpose of this effort is to meet the required due-date of this MO and to reduce the unnecessary inventory of by-product chips. Therefore, a study of the material (EPI) re-issued MO model for an insufficient output of the LED chip manufacturing plant is proposed in this paper. Three material re-issued models are proposed and detailed discussed first. A real-life LED-CM case is then utilized to demonstrate and evaluate the application and effectiveness of these models. A simulation model is also designed to complete the further experiment.
Innovative Methods of Welding Teaching, Training and Research in Higher Education
Authors: Hu Lian Hai , Ren De Liang , Xu Chang Ling , Zhang Pan , Sun Yun Fei
Published: May 2013

In the new education and technology era, there are many challenges in enhancing the effectiveness of teaching and learning process for traditional engineering education in the field of welding. Innovative educational methods of welding teaching, training and research are proposed in order to provide high quality education with improved efficiency and minimal cost. Integrated teaching with effective combination of multimedia teaching, computer simulation technology and distance learning is investigated. The great advantage of virtual training is analyzed. Innovative welding research that encourages students’ creative thinking and innovative ideas is fully illustrated. Innovative welding educational methods introduced play a significant role in cultivating the qualified welding professionals.
Matching Analysis on Main Parameter for the Shock Absorber Development Process
Authors: Liu Gang , Chen Si Zhong , Ren Hong Bin
Published: May 2013

Considering nonlinear characteristics of springiness and damping element, the quarter-car suspension nonlinear dynamic model is established with ADAMS. The simulation model of suspension established, and the simulation curve of nonlinear suspension is gotten by using the numerical simulation methods. The target parameters of the piecewise linear three stage control mode of the shock absorber are studied under the different random road excitation, it would provide the theoretical basic for the nonlinear damping matching of the vehicle suspension system.
The Influence of the Cable Parameters on Vibration Characteristics of a Long-Span Suspension Bridge
Authors: Zhu Hai Qing , Zhang Xie Dong
Published: May 2013

The type of suspension bridge is used all over the world because of its long span. But the cable system which forced the main load is vulnerable to damage and corrosion. In order to discuss the dynamic characteristics of typical long-span suspension bridges, a finite-element model of a typical long-span bridge was set up with ANSYS, and its top ten frequencies and vibration types were calculated. What’s more the dynamic characteristics under the variations such as modulus of elasticity, sectional size of the cable system, initial strain of the cable, as well as the deficiency of suspender cable were discussed. According to the analysis, the researchers got the conclusion that how the cable system impacts the whole bridge and which suspender cable plays the most significant role. Moreover, the results could serve as some valuable references for the optimization design and preservation of long-span suspension bridges.
The Test Research of High Precision FA45-29 Type Prototype
Authors: Guan Tian Min , Xuan Liang , Lei Lei , Lv Chang Xiu
Published: May 2013

In order to verify the accuracy of cycloid tooth profile modification parameters, the experiment scheme for transmission efficiency, vibration and noise has been designed in this article, which according to the performance requirements of high-precision FA45-29 pin-cycloid drive reducer. And the connecting parts of the transmission chain used in the experiments such as experimental frame have also been designed according to the dimensions of this model. And then, we complete the measurement experiments of comprehensive experimental.
Drop Dynamic Simulation for Landing Gear via SimMechanics
Authors: Fu Yong Ling , Zhang Peng , Li Sheng Jun , Li Zhu Feng
Published: May 2013

To better reflect the dynamic performance of landing gear, a hybrid modeling method based on Matlab/SimMechanics is proposed as our approach and drop simulations were carried out for it to verify our approach. Firstly, a widely used levered-suspension landing gear is chosen as studying subject. Secondly, the mathematic models of the respective landing gear subsystem were established for the bumper and the tire, while braking control system was imposed via Simulink. Thirdly, SimMechanics was used to integrate all the subsystems into a comprehensive unit by taking advantage of its capability of showing the joint constraint, force reaction of each part, and on-line control law imposing. Lastly drop simulation tests were done on the landing gear model to verify its validity. The simulation results show that our approach can effectively simulate the drop feature, and accordingly provides a foundation for retrofit design in the next step, and thus makes it is valuable for real engineering applications.
A Multiscale Cutting Model Based on the Theory of Gradient Plasticity
Authors: Mabrouki Tarek , Rigal Jean François , Asad Muhammad
Published: May 2013

The present paper highlights the importance of size effect consideration during the modelling of material removal by cutting tool, especially when passing from maco-to-micro scales. For that, the presented study concerns an orthogonal case of down-cut milling where the chip thickness is evolving. Consequently, to capture the scale effect when passing from macro to micro dimensions, the theory of gradient plasticity were adopted.
Coverage-Dependent Effect of Insecticide-Treated Curtains for Dengue Control in Thailand
Authors: Vanlerberghe Veerle , Trongtokit Yuwadee , Jirarojwatana Somchai , Jirarojwatana Ravisara , Lenhart Audrey , Apiwathnasorn Chamnarn , McCall Philip J. , Van der Stuyft Patrick
Published: May 2013

Evidence on the effectiveness of insecticide-treated curtains (ITCs) for reducing densities of Aedes mosquitoes, the principal vectors of dengue, is scarce. In Laem Chabang southeast of Bangkok, Thailand, the Breteau Index (BI) (number of positive containers/100 houses) was 45 in October 2006. In March 2007, we distributed long-lasting ITCs in 22 clusters (2,032 houses) and selected 66 control clusters (661 houses). Routine control activities continued in all clusters. Six months after distribution, the BI was 25.8 and 77.6 in intervention and control areas, respectively (P < 0.001). Eighteen months after distribution, the BI was 21.8 and 23.8, respectively (P = 0.28). The average number of ITCs/house at cluster level was associated with the BI (P < 0.01) after six months, when 70.5% of households still used ITCs, but not at 18 months, when ITC coverage had decreased to 33.2%. Deployment of ITCs can result in considerable reductions in Aedes infestation levels, but the effect is coverage dependent.
Quantitative measurement of PM10 by means of X-ray fluorescence spectra
Authors: Busetto E. , Peloi M. , Rebuffi L. , Tefouet Kana E.
Published: May 2013

Abstract. We developed an automatic device able to sample and analyze in situ and in real time airborne particulate matter (PM) using the X-ray fluorescence of the chemical species layered on a filter, having atomic numbers between 19 (Potassium) and 82 (Lead). Furthermore, we developed a calibration technique, which gives the parameters for real time automatic determination of the absolute mass of the chemical species present on the sample, with a sensitivity varying from 1 to 100 μg per sample. Our system could represent a simpler alternative to the complex and sophisticated laboratory measurements, such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) or Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), officially used by environmental agencies. A 6 month in-situ test, carried out in collaboration with the local Regional Environmental Agency, showed that our system gives results comparable with the ones obtained using existing techniques, but with smaller errors. The methodology developed has been submitted for a patent.
Emisiones Máseres en Regiones de Formación de Estrellas de Gran Masa: ¿Trazadores de Discos o de "Jets"?
Authors: Umanzor Jesús , Gómez Mercedes
Published: May 2013

En un trabajo previo presentamos un estudio, con el cual pretendíamos determinar si los máseres de metanol, hidroxilo y agua se alínean en un número significativo de regiones más frecuentemente con las estructuras de discos o “jets” que acompañan el proceso de formación de las estrellas de masa alta de nuestra Galaxia. Los resultados de tal estudio indican que las emisiones de máseres que circundan las protoestrellas de masa alta tienden a formar grupos que en un porcentaje muy elevado muestran distribuciones lineales o elongadas. La linealidad de las distribuciones de los máseres es tan frecuente que es consistente con la idea que los máseres están vinculados o se producen en los discos o “jets”. Sin embargo, encontramos que no existe una marcada preferencia de los máseres a alinearse con alguno de estos tipos de estructuras. En esta contribución se presentan los resultados de 8 nuevas regiones, encontramos que los resultados obtenidos anteriormente se mantienen, es decir que los máseres se alinean con discos y “jets” en proporciones similares.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ce.v1i1.607 Ciencias Espaciales 1(1) 2009
Dinamica de objetos en sistemas planetarios
Authors: Gámez José Jacobo , Fernández Silvia M
Published: May 2013

Para la búsqueda de orbitas periódicas en sistemas planetarios, se plantea un modelo de tres cuerpos, restringido y elíptico espacial, donde uno de los primarios posee una masa similar a la del Sol y el segundo tiene una masa mayor que Júpiter. Mediante métodos numéricos se encuentran soluciones periódicas para el tercer cuerpo de masa nula. Se hicieron dos planteos independientes. Por una parte, y tomando como base los resultados obtenidos en un trabajo anterior para el caso de tres cuerpos restringido circular y planar, se generaron condiciones iniciales para la tercera partícula en el problema de tres cuerpos restringido elíptico, pero en un sistema fijo.El segundo enfoque pretende considerar además la posición espacial del tercer cuerpo. Para ello las condiciones iniciales se generan siguiendo el procedimiento propuesto en el trabajo de Palacián y otros en 2006DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ce.v1i1.608 Ciencias Espaciales 1(1) 2009
Aseguramiento de datos digitales en Arqueoastronomía
Authors: Zablah Avila José Isaac
Published: May 2013

Este trabajo se centra en la necesidad inherente de proteger datos inéditos de origen arqueoastronómico, resultantes de investigaciones. Estos datos son clasificados y la mayoría de ellos se encuentran digitalizados, usualmente están almacenados en un ordenador para su procesamiento y manipulación posterior. La finalidad de este trabajo es proponer un método efectivo para el manejo seguro de los datos digitales, recabados en distintas actividades arqueoastronómicas, todo ello mediante el empleo de técnicas de cifrado.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ce.v1i1.612 Ciencias Espaciales 1(1) 2009
Croyance et psychanalyse dans l’itinéraire singulier de Marie de la Trinité
Authors: Chevassus-Marchionni Valérie
Published: May 2013

Le « cas » de Marie de la Trinité illustre d’une manière particulière la thématique « croyance et psychanalyse ». En effet, chez cette soeur dominicaine des campagnes, la foi religieuse et la croyance en sa vocation de dévotion interfèrent très étroitement avec l’expérience psychanalytique : d’une part, elle se prête pendant quatre années à une cure psychanalytique avec le docteur Jacques Lacan, d’autre part, elle exercera elle-même quelque temps la profession de psychothérapeute. Pour Marie de la Trinité, la psychanalyse arrive à un moment critique de son existence, alors que ce qu’elle nomme ses « obsessions » lui rendent la vie impossible et lui interdisent même de pratiquer sa foi ; elle se tourne alors vers des traitements divers, parfois brutaux et inhumains. Ce n’est pas la psychanalyse qui la guérira, mais c’est à partir de cette expérience qu’il lui sera donné de triompher de son mal et, en comprenant quelle en était l’origine, d’entreprendre « sa propre rééducation » et de connaître « la lumière et l’harmonie » dans sa vie de dévotion.
No Time to Waste: Restricting Life‐Span Temporal Horizons Decreases the Sunk‐Cost Fallacy
Authors: Strough JoNell , Schlosnagle Leo , Karns Tara , Lemaster Philip , Pichayayothin Nipat
Published: May 2013

In three studies, we examined the influence of restricted and expansive temporal horizons on the sunk‐cost fallacy. The sunk‐cost fallacy occurs when prior investments instead of future returns influence decisions about future investments. When making decisions about future investments, rational decision makers base decisions on future consequences, not already‐invested costs that are “sunk” and cannot be recovered. In Study 1, we restricted young adult college students' temporal horizons by instructing them to imagine that they did not have much longer to live; this manipulation decreased the sunk‐cost fallacy. In Study 2, we replicated Study 1 and also found that the consequences of manipulating temporal horizons were most pronounced for prior investments of time and that prior investments of time and money had different implications for the sunk‐cost fallacy, depending on the social or nonsocial decision domain. In Study 3, we manipulated temporal horizons by instructing students to imagine their time as a college student was coming to an end. Results were mostly similar to Study 2 but also suggested that focusing on one's mortality may have unique consequences. Implications of the three studies for understanding age differences in sunk‐cost decisions, interventions to improve sunk‐cost decisions, and the situations in which interventions might be most needed are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The critical flux method for reduced filter membrane fouling when monitoring high‐solids digesters
Authors: Tait Stephan , Carney Christopher R. , Batstone Damien J.
Published: May 2013

Membrane fouling currently makes filtration of high‐solids anaerobic sludges difficult and this is discouraging online monitoring of volatile fatty acids and control of high‐solids digesters. The present study tests the critical flux approach to reduce membrane fouling. Filtration tests are performed on two sludges, filtered via a side‐stream off two full‐scale digesters. Sub‐critical flux operating conditions (for minimal cake layer formation) are identified for each of the sludges and the filtration units are operated at these conditions to assess longer term performance. Results for one of the sludges (co‐digested primary and secondary sludge) is found to be encouraging, showing that sufficient flux rates (up to 40 L m−2 h−1) can be readily sustained to allow longer term digester monitoring and control. Filtration performance for this sludge did not deteriorate significantly over the test period. Results for the other test sludge (digested thermally hydrolyzed waste activated sludge) were not as favorable and indicated that application may be limited for very high solids digesters (>5% total solids concentration). Differences in filtration behavior for the two test sludges were ascribed to the presence of complex soluble organics, the concentration of sludge solids and their particle size. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29:1059–1063, 2013
Talking about Hillsborough: ‘Panic’ as Discourse in Survivors' Accounts of the 1989 Football Stadium Disaster
Authors: Cocking Chris , Drury John
Published: May 2013

Popular representations of crowd behaviour in disasters are often characterised by irrationalist discourses, in particular ‘mass panic’ despite their rejection by current scientific research. This paper reports an analysis of four survivors' accounts of the 1989 Hillsborough disaster to investigate if and how they used the term ‘panic’. Reference to ‘panic’ occurred frequently, but more detailed analysis found that their accounts did not match the classic criteria for ‘mass panic’ (e.g. uncontrolled emotion and selfish behaviour). Indeed, participants referred to ‘orderly’ behaviour, and cooperation, even when they said the threat of death was present. ‘Panic’ was therefore being used as a description of events that was not consistent. A discourse analysis of usage suggests that participants used ‘panic’ not only to convey feelings of fear and distress but also to apportion culpability towards the actions of the police who they considered responsible for the tragedy (as indeed recent independent research has confirmed). It is concluded that the term ‘panic’ is so deeply embedded in popular discourse that people may use it even when they have reason to reject its irrationalist implications. Alternative discourses that emphasise collective resilience in disasters are suggested. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncertainty enhances the preference for narcissistic leaders
Authors: Nevicka Barbora , De Hoogh Annebel H. B. , Van Vianen Annelies E. M. , Ten Velden Femke S.
Published: May 2013

Narcissistic leaders present us with an interesting paradox, because they have positive as well as negative characteristics. As such, we argue that the nature of the context determines how suitable narcissists are perceived to be as leaders. Here we propose that a specific contextual factor, that is, uncertainty, increases the preference for narcissists as leaders. As an initial test of this prediction, the first study showed that narcissistic characteristics were evaluated as more desirable in a leader in an uncertain context rather than a certain context. In Studies 2 and 3, we further hypothesized and found that high narcissists are chosen as leaders more often than low narcissists, especially in uncertain (rather than certain) contexts. In all of the studies, individuals were shown to be aware of the negative features of narcissistic leaders, such as arrogance and exploitativeness, but chose them as leaders in times of uncertainty, regardless. Thus, a narcissistic leader is perceived as someone who can help reduce individual uncertainty. These results reveal the importance of contextual uncertainty in understanding the allure of narcissistic leaders. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response of Uranus' auroras to solar wind compressions at equinox
Authors: Cowley S. W. H.
Published: May 2013

We consider open flux production and magnetic tail formation for the unique physical circumstances at Uranus, where the planet's spin axis lies close to the orbit plane, while the magnetic dipole has a large ~60° inclination to the spin axis. Under these circumstances, open flux production and transport into the nightside can in principle occur continuously for near‐solstice conditions, leading to the formation of a well‐developed bipolar rotating magnetic tail, as observed during the Voyager 2 flyby in 1986. However, it is argued that tail formation will be significantly inhibited near to equinox, as open tubes are wound over the dayside magnetopause by planetary rotation, thus reducing further open flux production, and are compressed together north or south of the planet promoting “tail” reconnection and open flux closure. If so, this may account for the weak auroral responses to predicted solar wind compressions of Uranus' magnetosphere reported recently from Hubble Space Telescope observations under near‐equinoctial conditions. Major auroral responses are observed following strong compressions at Earth and Saturn resulting from rapid and substantial closure of preexisting open flux in the tail. The lack of such a response at Uranus near equinox may thus reflect the lack of a well‐developed tail under these conditions.
The IMF dependence of the magnetopause from global MHD simulations
Authors: Lu J. Y. , Liu Z.‐Q. , Kabin K. , Jing H. , Zhao M. X. , Wang Y.
Published: May 2013

Numerical results from a physics‐based global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model are used to investigate the controlling effects of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) components, BY and BZ, on the location and shape of the magnetopause. The subsolar magnetopause is identified by using the plasma density and velocity, the cusp by using the current density, and the other area by streamlines and the current density. These data are fitted with a three‐dimensional surface function constructed by Liu et al. (2012), which allows description of the cusp geometry as well as the north‐south asymmetry and azimuthal asymmetry of the magnetopause. A new parameter which depends on the IMF BY and BZ is introduced to describe the orientation of the elliptical cross section of the magnetopause. Effects of IMF BY and BZ on the magnetopause configuration parameters are analyzed, and dependence of the magnetopause parameters in the IMF components are obtained. Magnetopause cross section is found to be largely controlled by the IMF clock angle. The stretch direction of the magnetopause cross section is always near the direction of the IMF but is a little closer to the meridional plane than the IMF. Increasing BY or BZincreases the eccentricity of the magnetopause cross section. This effect is larger for southward IMF than for the northward IMF, and the stretching effect of BY is smaller than that of BZ.
Large nucleation before large earthquakes is sometimes skipped due to cascade‐up—Implications from a rate and state simulation of faults with hierarchical asperities
Authors: Noda Hiroyuki , Nakatani Masao , Hori Takane
Published: May 2013

Does a large earthquake have a large quasi‐static preparation? A hierarchical asperity model in which a large tough patch (Patch L) contains smaller fragile patches (Patch S) enables a large earthquake to start with only small preparation because of cascade‐up rupture growth. We realized such a model in a rate‐and‐state framework by heterogeneous distributions of the state evolution distance, and its consequences are investigated by earthquake sequence simulations. Focus is put on elementary processes, the interaction between two scales: one Patch L containing one Patch S is simulated, with their size ratio as a parameter. If Patch S is larger than the nucleation size of Patch L, the system falls into a limit cycle consisting of only one earthquake that starts with Patch S nucleation and grows dynamically to rupture entire Patch L. If Patch S is considerably smaller than the nucleation size of Patch L, small earthquakes never dynamically cascade‐up, and the large earthquakes are initiated by large quasi‐static nucleation. In between, large earthquakes start in various ways: by large nucleation, dynamic cascade‐up, or delayed cascade‐up. In the final stage of quasi‐static nucleation, the preseismic moment release rate increases roughly inversely proportional to the time‐to‐failure tf with its amplitude depending on the nucleation size. For a Patch S rupture to cascade up, strength in the adjacent region must have been reduced, manifested by a higher creep velocity before the Patch S nucleation starts following 1/tf acceleration. Large nucleation sometimes has a precursory small earthquake characterized by larger afterslip than nonprecursory ones.
Atmospheric CH4 in the first decade of the 21st century: Inverse modeling analysis using SCIAMACHY satellite retrievals and NOAA surface measurements
Authors: Bergamaschi P. , Houweling S. , Segers A. , Krol M. , Frankenberg C. , Scheepmaker R. A. , Dlugokencky E. , Wofsy S. C. , Kort E. A. , Sweeney C. , Schuck T. , Brenninkmeijer C. , Chen H. , Beck V. , Gerbig C.
Published: May 2013

The causes of renewed growth in the atmospheric CH4 burden since 2007 are still poorly understood and subject of intensive scientific discussion. We present a reanalysis of global CH4 emissions during the 2000s, based on the TM5‐4DVAR inverse modeling system. The model is optimized using high‐accuracy surface observations from NOAA ESRL's global air sampling network for 2000–2010 combined with retrievals of column‐averaged CH4 mole fractions from SCIAMACHY onboard ENVISAT (starting 2003). Using climatological OH fields, derived global total emissions for 2007–2010 are 16–20 Tg CH4/yr higher compared to 2003–2005. Most of the inferred emission increase was located in the tropics (9–14 Tg CH4/yr) and mid‐latitudes of the northern hemisphere (6–8 Tg CH4/yr), while no significant trend was derived for Arctic latitudes. The atmospheric increase can be attributed mainly to increased anthropogenic emissions, but the derived trend is significantly smaller than estimated in the EDGARv4.2 emission inventory. Superimposed on the increasing trend in anthropogenic CH4 emissions are significant inter‐annual variations (IAV) of emissions from wetlands (up to ±10 Tg CH4/yr), and biomass burning (up to ±7 Tg CH4/yr). Sensitivity experiments, which investigated the impact of the SCIAMACHY observations (versus inversions using only surface observations), of the OH fields used, and of a priori emission inventories, resulted in differences in the detailed latitudinal attribution of CH4 emissions, but the IAV and trends aggregated over larger latitude bands were reasonably robust. All sensitivity experiments show similar performance against independent shipboard and airborne observations used for validation, except over Amazonia where satellite retrievals improved agreement with observations in the free troposphere.
Core‐mantle differentiation in Mars
Authors: Rai Nachiketa , van Westrenen Wim
Published: May 2013

The physical and chemical conditions under which Martian core formation took place are not well constrained. We modeled the pressure, temperature, and oxygen fugacity conditions under which it would be possible to match the inferred depletions of moderately siderophile elements Ni, Co, W, Mo, Ga, P, and Ge in the Martian mantle, using new constraints on their metal‐silicate partitioning behavior. Using literature metal‐silicate partitioning data, we characterize the dependence of the metal‐silicate partition coefficients (D) on the temperature, pressure, oxygen fugacity, and composition of the silicate melt and the metal using a uniform parameterization approach for each element. Our results show that it is impossible to simultaneously account for the Martian mantle depletions of moderately siderophile elements if the Martian core sulfur content exceeds 10.5 wt % at reducing conditions (1 log unit below the iron‐wüstite (IW) buffer). At 10.5 wt % core S, the conditions that best satisfy Martian mantle abundances of the seven siderophile elements are a mean pressure of 13(±1) GPa at 2330 K, corresponding to the presence of a magma ocean at least 1000 km deep during Martian core formation. More oxidizing conditions than the iron‐wüstite buffer as suggested by iron meteorites are inconsistent with mantle siderophile element abundances. Extension of our approach to the highly siderophile elements Ru, Pd, Re, Ir, and Pt shows that their Martian mantle abundances are orders of magnitude too high to be accounted for by metal‐silicate equilibration at high pressure and high temperature in a magma ocean, requiring a “late veneer” stage after core formation.