bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Physics and Operating Principles of Field-effect Transistor-based Biosensors
Authors: Mohd Razip Wee M. F. , Al-Hardan Naif H. , Masood Asad , Hamid Muhammed Azmi Abdul , Jalar Azman , Ahmed Naser M.
Published: May 2024

The development of field-effect transistor (FET) biosensors in recent years has been tremendous due to their advantages such as good scalability, high sensitivity, real-time detection, inherent amplification, and lower power requirements with the possibility to produce information in a fast and straightforward manner compared to conventional assays. In order to demonstrate the potential of FET-based biosensors, researchers have employed different biomolecular targets with varied sizes from the micro- to nanoscale such as nucleic acids, proteins, cells, antibodies, and antigens that have been used as biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of diseases. In this chapter, we elucidate the basic operating mechanism of FET technology along with its different types of FET-based biosensor devices such as ion sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs), separative extended gate field-effect transistors (SEG-FETs), floating-gate FETs, and dielectric modulated FETs (DM-FETs). The existence of well-established semiconductor technology has significantly improved the manufacturing process of biologically sensitive field-effect transistors (BioFETs) and will pave the way to commercial devices. We also discuss the potential and challenges of FET-based biosensors for various healthcare applications and their opportunities to become the next generation point-of-care (POC) testing.
Challenges in the Detection of Emerging Novel Pathogens and Evolving Known Pathogens
Authors: Shamsusah N. A. , Mohd Fadli M. E. I. , Emrizal R. , Hanifah S. A. , Firdaus-Raih M.
Published: May 2024

The emergence of novel pathogens that quickly escalate into pandemics due to air travel has been increasing in the past few decades, a relatively recent example being COVID-19. In addition to novel infectious agents, well-established human and animal pathogens are also evolving adaptation mechanisms that include the capacity to resist antimicrobial agents. In antimicrobial resistant infections, correct distinction of the resistant strain would allow the relevant effective therapeutic regimen to be administered, while delay or misidentification of the strain could lead to complications such as sepsis and death. The rapid detection of infected individuals, including those that are asymptomatic, would allow for more effective infection control strategies. The detection of novel pathogens and the ability to distinguish new divergent strains have, for the most part, depended on methods that are rooted in the field of molecular biology and immunology. Such methods are primarily laboratory based and, despite their accuracy, may require lengthy sample preparation times not suitable for field or on-site use. There is a need to complement these methods with mobile methods suitable for field detection that are programmable to different pathogens, reproducible, cost effective yet with minimal or negligible compromise towards accuracy. Such methods will require a molecular level understanding of the components of a pathogen that are amenable for detection with a sensor device. This chapter will discuss how such structures and/or molecules function as part of the pathogen and can be rapidly detected by field-effect transistor (FET) sensors.
The Future of Commercializing FET-based Biosensors
Authors: Ben Halima H. , Errachid A. , Jaffrezic-Renault N.
Published: May 2024

This chapter presents the advances and main challenges of affinity biosensors based on field-effect transistors. The different nanomaterial-based field-effect transistors are classified according to the nature of the nanomaterials, beginning with silicon, the “gold-standard” semiconductor, the gallium nitride semiconductor, organic semiconductors, silicon nanowires, inorganic nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Due to its exceptional electrical properties, the main works are devoted to graphene. The obtained analytical performances for detecting biomarkers, DNA sequences, and miRNA are listed. The relation between the operational conditions – nature of the nanomaterials, procedure of preparation, choice of the receptor molecule, and the method of immobilization – and the analytical performance are discussed. The perspective of industrialization of these affinity biosensors based on field-effect transistors is discussed.
Lewis base adducts of NpCl4
Authors: Lopez Lauren M. , Uible Madeleine C. , Zeller Matthias , Bart Suzanne C.
Published: May 2024

NpCl4(MeCN)4 (1), NpCl4(pyr)4 (2), NpCl4(tBuBipy)2 (3) and NpCl4(OPPh3)2 (4) were isolated and fully characterized using spectroscopic and structural analyses.
Three-wavelength exciting up-conversion luminescence and various optical temperature sensing of a novel Er3+, Yb3+, Ho3+ doped (Gd,Y,Lu)2O2S phosphor
Authors: Shao Di , Lu Liping , Sun Haiying , Bai Zhaohui
Published: May 2024

A three-wavelength exciting and temperature sensing Gd1.559Y0.03Lu0.02Er0.13Yb0.26Ho0.001O2S phosphor excited by 980 nm, 1064 nm and 1550 nm.
Predictive nonlinear optical crystal formation energy regression model based on convolutional neural networks
Authors: Fan Zhen , Lian Shuai , Jin Guangyong , Xin Chao , Li Ye , Yuan Boshi
Published: May 2024

A convolutional neural network (CNN) model has been constructed to predict the formation energy of nonlinear optical crystals solely based on their chemical formulas.
Exploring the structure and hydrogen storage capacity of CeHn0/+ clusters
Authors: Zhao H. H. , Huang S. J. , Li X. S. , Yu W. W. , Fu Y. W. , Liu Y. , Wang H. Y.
Published: May 2024

The CeH13 and CeH14+ exhibit remarkable stability in the doublet state with Cs and C2v symmetry, respectively. Both CeH13 and CeH14+ demonstrate significant hydrogen storage capacities, with values reaching 8.5 wt% and 9.1 wt%, respectively.
Strain-induced ferroelectric polarization reversal without undergoing geometric inversion in blue SiSe monolayer
Authors: Guo Yan-Dong , Meng Rui-Jie , Hu Xue-Qin , Lin Li-Yan , Yang Yu-Rong , Yang Ming-Yu , You Yun , Zhang Lan-Qi , Xu Yi-Long , Yan Xiao-Hong
Published: May 2024

Unlike conventional ferroelectrics, ferroelectric polarization reversal is realized by strain without undergoing geometric inversion in the blue phase.
A molecular beam study of CO oxidation on Pd clusters supported on alumina: the effect of cluster size
Authors: Sitja Georges , Henry Claude R.
Published: May 2024

The TOF for CO oxidation on Pd clusters on alumina thin films, with a sharp size distribution, is measured as a function of the mean cluster size N (5 to 180 atoms). The TOF increases with N and tends towards the value on Pd single crystals.
Footprints of atomic-scale features in plasmonic nanoparticles as revealed by electron energy loss spectroscopy
Authors: Urbieta Mattin , Barbry Marc , Koval Peter , Rivacoba Alberto , Sánchez-Portal Daniel , Aizpurua Javier , Zabala Nerea
Published: May 2024

We present a first-principles theoretical study of the atomistic footprints in the valence electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) of nanometer-size metallic particles.
Geometries and stabilities of chromium doped nitrogen clusters: mass spectrometry and density functional theory studies
Authors: Jiang Zaifu , Fu Peixin , Chen Meicheng , Chen Chen , Chen Bole , Dai Wei , Ding Kewei , Lu Cheng
Published: May 2024

The chromium doped nitrogen clusters are studied by mass spectrometry technique and DFT calculations.
Direct reduction of NO into N2 catalyzed by fullerene-supported rhodium clusters
Authors: Li Ruomeng , Li Ya-Ke , Xu Jianzhi , Hou Gao-Lei
Published: May 2024

C60-fullerene-supported rhodium clusters can efficiently catalyze the direct reduction of NO into N2 and O2.
Twinned crystal Cd0.9Zn0.1S/MoO3 nanorod S-scheme heterojunctions as promising photocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Chen Jie , Xie Ying , Yu Haitao , Li Zhenzi , Zhou Wei
Published: May 2024

To facilitate the separation of photogenerated charge carriers, Cd0.9Zn0.1S nanoparticles with a twin crystal structure are deposited on the surface of MoO3, establishing an S-scheme heterojunction.
Synthesis of amorphic and hexagonal boron nitride via high temperature treatment of NH3BH3 and Li(BH3NH2BH2NH2BH3)
Authors: Prus A. , Owarzany R. , Jezierski D. , Perkowski K. , Fijalkowski K. J.
Published: May 2024

One-step pyrolytic synthesis of high quality a-BN and h-BN from ammonia borane at 850 °C and Li(BH3NH2BH2NH2BH3) at 1000 °C/1000 bar, respectively.
Six-coordinated nickel(ii) complexes with benzothiadiazole Schiff-base ligands: synthesis, crystal structure, magnetic and HFEPR study
Authors: Plyuta Nataliya , Barra Anne-Laure , Novitchi Ghenadie , Avarvari Narcis
Published: May 2024

Six-coordinated nickel(ii) complexes based on benzothiadiazole-salicylaldehyde and -ortho-vanillin ligands have been structurally characterized and their magnetic properties investigated.
Mitigated front contact energy barrier for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhang Daoyong , Li Biao , Hang Pengjie , Xie Jiangsheng , Yao Yuxin , Kan Chenxia , Yu Xuegong , Zhang Yiqiang , Yang Deren
Published: May 2024

A passivating contact structure was developed to mitigate the front contact energy barrier and hence reduce interface recombination losses in perovskite solar cells. This device structure achieved champion power conversion efficiencies of 25.7%.
A radical Smiles rearrangement difunctionalization of activated alkenes via desulfonylation and insertion of sulfur dioxide relay strategy
Authors: Tian Si-Wei , Luo Zhen-Tao , Xiong Bi-Quan , Tang Ke-Wen , Huang Peng-Fei , Liu Yu
Published: May 2024

A novel and attractive photochemical difunctionalization of N-tosyl acrylamide for constructing alkylsulfonylated oxindoles and amides with excellent substrate adaptability via a radical Smiles rearrangement strategy is described.
Green and intrinsically safe pathways for the catalytic synthesis of diisocyanates containing the furan ring from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Bai Yunhan , Tang Jianqi , Ding Xiaoshu , Zhao Xinqiang , Wang Yanji
Published: May 2024

A new route for synthesizing diisocyanates containing a furan ring structure from renewable biomass is proposed. The yield of each step is high, and the reaction conditions are mild and easy to operate, offering prospects for industrialization.
Analytical validation of the DropXpert S6 system for diagnosis of chronic myelocytic leukemia
Authors: Wei Wenjia , Li Shujun , Zhang Ying , Deng Simin , He Qun , Zhao Xielan , Xu Yajing , Yu Linfen , Ye Junwei , Zhao Weiwei , Jiang Zhiping
Published: May 2024

With high system integration, the process of droplet generation, PCR amplification, and detection of the DropXpert S6 system is completed on one chip, showing high precision and sensitivity in CML patients.
Correction: Influence of the carbazole moiety in self-assembling molecules as selective contacts in perovskite solar cells: interfacial charge transfer kinetics and solar-to-energy efficiency effects
Authors: González Dora A. , Puerto Galvis Carlos E. , Li Wenhui , Méndez Maria , Aktas Ece , Martínez-Ferrero Eugenia , Palomares Emilio
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Influence of the carbazole moiety in self-assembling molecules as selective contacts in perovskite solar cells: interfacial charge transfer kinetics and solar-to-energy efficiency effects’ by Dora A. González et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2023, 5, 6542–6547, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3na00811h.
A Kumujian-C based highly selective fluorescence turn-on probe enables the detection of sulfite in real samples and living cells
Authors: Dutta Kartik , Chattaraj Saparya , Pal Riddhi , Jonnalgadda Padma Nilaya , Patro Birija S. , Mula Soumyaditya , Chakraborty Goutam
Published: May 2024

Kumujian-C as a small molecular fluorescent probe as a turn-on sensor for sulfite ions.
Correction: Design and synthesis of few-layer molybdenum oxide selenide encapsulated in a 3D interconnected nitrogen-doped carbon anode toward high-performance sodium storage
Authors: Qin Yonghong , Abidin Shahriman Zainal , Bin Md Hashim Azhari , Hassan Oskar Hasdinor , Zhao Xiaojun
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Design and synthesis of few-layer molybdenum oxide selenide encapsulated in a 3D interconnected nitrogen-doped carbon anode toward high-performance sodium storage’ by Yonghong Qin et al., New J. Chem., 2024, 48, 7370–7378, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4NJ00389F.
Stereocontrolled synthesis of the aconitine D ring from d-glucose
Authors: Pocock Ian A. , Doulcet Julien , Rice Craig R. , Sweeney Joseph B. , Gill Duncan M.
Published: May 2024

All five oxygen substituents and all six skeletal carbon atoms of the aconitine D ring are derived from d-glucose in a fully stereocontrolled synthesis featuring an enelactone to diketone rearrangement.
High-performance flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor with NiCo2S4 as a cathode and a MXene-reduced graphene oxide sponge as an anode
Authors: Karmur Rajeshvari Samatbhai , Gogoi Debika , Sharma Shrishti , Das Manash R. , Dalvi Anshuman , Ghosh Narendra Nath
Published: May 2024

Ti3C2 MXenes have revealed immense potential in energy storage systems.
Algebraic side‐channel attacks on Trivium stream cipher
Authors: Sun Wenlong , Guan Jie
Published: May 2024

Algebraic Side‐Channel Attacks (ASCAs), first proposed by Renauld and Standaert in 2009, are a potent cryptanalysis method against block ciphers. In this paper, the authors initially utilize ASCAs to analyze the security of the Trivium stream cipher, given its concise algebraic structure. Considering its efficiency in both hardware and software implementations, the authors deploy ASCAs to target Trivium implemented both in application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) under the Hamming Distance Leakage Model (HDLM) (noted as CASE 1) and in microcontrollers of various buses (i.e. some common 8‐bit, 16‐bit, and 32‐bit architectures, noted as CASE 2, CASE 3, and CASE 4, respectively) under the Hamming Weight Leakage Model (HWLM). Here, the authors’ attacks are conducted on power‐simulated targets and not on real devices. For a single power consumption trace without measurement errors, this paper presents experimental results using MiniSat 2.0. Unfortunately, the authors were unable to break the ASIC implementation of Trivium under HDLM (CASE 1) with a time complexity of 2109 s or so, which is worse than the exhaustive key attack. For CASEs 2 to 4, the authors can find the complete 288‐bit state of Trivium within a reasonable timeframe. Specially, the success rate can reach 100% with an average solving time of less than 1 s when only measuring the leakages of the first eight consecutive rounds for CASE 2. Furthermore, the authors can still successfully recover the internal state even when obtaining leakages of the first 41 rounds with a random loss rate. In fact, it can tolerate a 74% random loss rate for the first 223 rounds. With regard to the potential errors in the measurements, the authors mitigate them using Tolerant ASCA (TASCA). Similarly, CASE 1 cannot be compromised even in error‐free situations, while the authors can still successfully recover the internal state of CASEs 2 to 4 from a single power trace, even with a high error rate, including 100% incorrect measurements. Surprisingly, for CASEs 2 to 4, the authors can recover the internal state with a 100% success rate, regardless of the error rate. As a result, the security of Trivium will not be enhanced when transitioning from a smaller 8‐bit platform to a larger 32‐bit platform. In the end, the authors will consider some more abstract attack models. The results can provide us with additional insights into the security of Trivium from a different perspective.
A hierarchical coordinated control strategy of air‐conditioning loads for peak regulation service
Authors: Wang Wei , Lin Shunfu , Wang Lulu , Mi Yang , Tan Jin , Qian Liang , Li Dongdong , Li Fangxing
Published: May 2024

The increased penetration of renewable energy sources and the intensification of peak‐valley differences present challenges to peak regulation in the power system. Fulfilling the peak regulation needs of the power system solely through generation‐side resources proves to be challenging. Large‐scale fixed frequency air‐conditioning (FFAC) and inverter air‐conditioning (IAC) are high‐quality flexible load resources. This paper proposes a hierarchical coordinated control strategy of air‐conditioning (AC) loads for peak regulation service. In the first layer of the control strategy, the load aggregator collaborates with multiple AC groups to ensure the completion of peak regulation tasks with specific power‐constrained requirements. In the second layer of the control strategy, the control centre of each group optimizes the temperature adjustment values for each AC load, aiming to reduce incentive costs. Finally, the proposed method is validated through simulations, demonstrating its capability to achieve coordinated control of FFAC and IAC loads under various power‐constrained requirements. Furthermore, the simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the control strategy in reducing user discomfort and the AC's incentive costs.
Object tracking-based deep learning for calculating the quantity of eel seedlings (Anguilla bicolor)
Authors: Aleyda Septi , Jaya Indra , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Anguilla bicolor is a highly economically valuable species of eel, whose cultivation needs to be carried out to the maximum. One of the factors supporting successful aquaculture is the optimal stocking density. The current calculation method for determining seedling quantity for stocking density is ineffective for large-scale cultivation. Therefore, in this study, an object-tracking-based calculation method using deep learning was applied to address this issue. Deep learning using YOLO v8 is an advanced method for counting and detecting objects including fish. This algorithm was used with the addition of the ByteTrack algorithm for object tracking and supervision for object counting. Object tracking is applied such that during seed counting, moving objects can be tracked and not counted repeatedly. Training was conducted on two datasets with different labels, namely the head and tail parts, using 300 epochs, 16 batches, and learning rate of 0,001 and 0,01. Based on the training results, the model with the head label has higher precision and recall than the tail-labelled model, with values of 0,91 and 0,93 respectively. The model performed well at a stocking density of 63 individuals/m², with accuracy and F1 scores of 90,91% and 0,95 respectively.
Enhancing maritime education for ocean sustainability: A multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Simanjuntak Marudut Bernadtua , Rafli Zainal , Utami Sintowati Rini
Published: May 2024

This research critically explores maritime education’s role in fostering ocean sustainability and preparing seafarer students to tackle environmental challenges. It highlights the importance of marine science and technology literacy and proposes innovative solutions aligned with ocean health, resilience, and global climate change mitigation. Through qualitative descriptive analysis of select research papers, this study offers insights beneficial to the maritime industry and environmental conservation. The findings stress the need for curriculum enhancements, advocating for integrating marine science subjects and advanced technologies in maritime education. Proficiency in marine science and technology literacy is crucial for students to become competent professionals and responsible stewards of the marine environment. Green shipping practices, eco-friendly vessel design, and environmental bio-monitoring are identified as transformative opportunities for the industry, requiring support from policymakers and stakeholders in line with international emissions reduction agreements. Integrating marine eco-biology education into maritime curricula empowers students to actively engage in marine biodiversity conservation. This interdisciplinary approach bridges theory and practice, offering a sustainable future for our oceans through collaboration between educational institutions, industry stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers.
Antioxidant activity of crude fucoidan extract from brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae), Sargassum sp. and Turbinaria sp.
Authors: Abdullah Asadatun , Jacoeb Agoes M. , Muqorroroh Adilatul , Nandita Dianty D.
Published: May 2024

Seaweed is one of the highly commercial aquatic commodities, accounting for 51.3% of total marine and coastal aquaculture production. As much as 99.5% of seaweed production is concentrated in Asia, especially in East and Southeast Asian countries, one of which is Indonesia. The wide diversity of seaweeds has not been fully optimizing their potential to provide maximum economic benefits. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of crude extracts of fucoidan using two different solvents and to analyze the antioxidant activity of crude extracts of fucoidan using different solvents. The research method included the preparation of raw materials, extraction with distilled water and 2% CaCl2 at 85 °C for 4 h, followed by quality analyses. Total sugar using the phenol-sulphate method obtained higher results in distilled water (67.88%). The total sulphate analysis showed higher results with 2% CaCl2 (19.60%). The total phenol analysis yielded higher results with 2% CaCl2 (978.20%). The antioxidant activity of the crude fucoidan were 312.01 ppm (distilled water), 193.52 ppm (distilled water), 54.653 μg/mL ascorbic acid/g extract (CaCl2 2%, 128.38 mol Fe2+/g (CaCl2 2%).
Biological evaluation of mangrove endophytic fungi Aspergillus terreus derived from Sonneratia alba
Authors: Isti’anah Ismi , Chien-Lee Wen , Tarman Kustiariyah , Suseno Sugeng Heri , Nugraha Roni , Effendi Irzal
Published: May 2024

Mangroves represent highly diverse marine ecosystems, encompassing various vegetation such as shrubs, plants, trees, palms, and other plant forms that have adapted to thrive in both freshwater and saline environments. Within these mangrove ecosystems, secondary metabolites are present, contributing to various pharmacological functions and holding significant ecological importance. Endophytic fungi constitute a substantial and quantifiable portion of fungal biodiversity and are acknowledged for their impact on the composition and diversity of plant communities. This study aims to investigate the extracellular proteins and enzyme activity exhibited by endophytic fungi discovered in the leaves of Sonneratia alba mangroves collected in Buton, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The primary objective is to evaluate the compatibility of marine fungi with antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The research involves analyzing the biological activities of marine fungi containing cellulase enzyme through methods such as DNS for reducing sugar, protein concentration determination, antioxidant analysis, and total phenol content assessment. Sample A (shaker) has highest enzyme activity at Day 4 and Sample B has highest enzyme activity at Day 6 (static condition). The protein concentration in the purified cellulase from Aspergillus terreus surpassed that of crude enzyme extracts.
Small island morphometry analysis with remote sensing and GIS methods on the Satonda volcanic island
Authors: Triyono  , Makarim Salvienty , Surahman
Published: May 2024

DEMNAS and Sentinel-1 are profoundly utilized for the small island morphometry analysis. This study explores the Satonda Island-West Nusa Tenggara landforms through the morphometry analysis using the DEM application and GIS analysis. As a volcanic island the Satonda Island coverage area is approximately about 2.600hectare dominated by the slopes with the steep slope (16o – 35o) at the northwest in a moderately steep (8° – 16°) at the southeast. Here, we uncover that the Satonda Island experiences five landforms carved by volcanic processes and other five are generated by the marine processes. As a typical of volcanic island, this island has a cone shape with the caldera founded in the middle with the radial flow pattern.
Analysis of vulnerability level to tsunami on the Bengkulu City coastal using Geographic Information System
Authors: Fathiyah Dhiya Ulhaq , Arhatin Risti Endriani , Siregar Vincentius Paulus
Published: May 2024

Bengkulu City is one of the areas that has a high potential for experience earthquake and tsunami disasters because of its location right above the subduction zone of the Indo-Australian plate with the Eurasian plate. The objective of this study was to identify and map the degree of susceptibility to tsunamis in the coastal regions of Bengkulu City. The tsunami vulnerability map was created used the overlay method used five parameters, namely land elevation, land slope, distance from rivers, distance from the coastline, and land use. This research, which covers 14 sub-district areas was carried out used Geographic Information System (GIS). The level of tsunami vulnerability is divided into five classes, namely very safe with an area of 230.82 ha (1.19%), safe with an area of 4,402.30 ha (22.75%), moderately vulnerable with an area of 8,135.78 ha (42.04%), vulnerable with an area of 5,361.06 ha (27.70%), and very vulnerable with an area of 1,222.38 ha (6.32%). The city of Bengkulu is dominated by the medium vulnerability class so that in general it is classified as not safe enough from the risk of a tsunami disaster.
Total phenolic content and antioxidant properties of hydrophobic compounds edible coating Spirulina snack bar
Authors: Dewanti Erika Wahyu , Lee Wen-Chien , Tarman Kustiariyah , Santoso Joko , Nurjanah  , Hardiningtyas Safrina Dyah
Published: May 2024

Snack bars, known for their convenience and easy consumption, amalgamate various ingredients such as cereals, fruits, and nuts. Their portable and on-the-go nature makes them a favored choice for individuals engaged in various activities. The integration of natural additives, such as Spirulina platensis, to elevate the nutritional profile of snack bars represents a novel and ambitious initiative. This study delves into the innovative realm of edible coating for spirulina snack bars using maltodextrin and gelatin. The investigation explores the correlation between total phenol content and antioxidant activity through the FRAP method, employing two solvents, methanol, and n-hexane. Results demonstrate that varying concentrations of edible coating significantly enhance the appearance and texture of Spirulina Snack Bars (SSB). Notably, the SSB coated with 6% maltodextrin and 1% gelatin exhibits superior visual appeal and a firmer texture compared to its counterpart coated with 3% maltodextrin and 1% gelatin. Moreover, the n-hexane extract showcases higher antioxidant activity (19.971 mg/g) than the methanol extract (16.400 mg/g). This study underscores the effectiveness of n-hexane-based edible coatings in elevating the antioxidant potential and total phenol content of spirulina snack bars, offering essential insights for the development of functional foods with enhanced nutrition and prolonged shelf life.
Analysis of stress-related gene expression in lobster seeds (Panulirus sp.) post formalin stress test
Authors: Maulana Fajar , Anisa Nisa , Soelistyowati Dinar Tri , Effendi Irzal
Published: May 2024

Indonesia is the potential international-scale lobster economic activity due to the abundant supply of tropical lobster seeds Panulirus sp., however the lobster cultivation sector have still resulted in problems of low survival during the rearing period. This study aimed to analyze the expression levels of the HSP70 gene related to stress response in lobster seeds exposed to formalin dose of LC70 for 1 h. Seeds were obtained from catching lobsters at Ujung Genteng Beach, Sukabumi City, West Java Province, with an average weight of 0.0254±0.004 g and a length of 2.3314±0.1549 cm. The observation parameters tested were the gene expression and survival rates of the post-soaking lobsters. The results showed that formalin immersion at a dose of 220 ppm on juvenile-stage lobster seeds resulted in the death of 70% of the population and the ability to express the stress gene HSP70 at different fitness levels were different with the highest expression level found in fit condition lobster seeds was 2.949±0.420.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Water Yield in Guangdong Province and Spatial Management Strategies
Authors: Xing Lu , Wu Wenkun
Published: May 2024

Water yield is one of the crucial functions of ecosystem services, playing a vital role in regulating and improving watershed water cycles, and closely related to other ecosystem services such as soil conservation, crop production, and biodiversity protection. Studying the spatiotemporal variations and influencing mechanisms of water yield in Guangdong Province is of significant importance for the rational development of water resources and the implementation of watershed ecological governance. In this study, the InVEST model was employed to calculate the water yield in Guangdong Province for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2018. The results indicate irregular fluctuations in the total water yield of Guangdong Province, with annual average values ranging between 233.18 mm and 271.77 mm. Spatially, there is a clear gradient of decreasing water yield from north to south and from east to west. This study provides scientific evidence for water resource management and ecological environmental protection in Guangdong Province.
Stochastic simulation and uncertainty analysis of karst conduit network using pyKasso
Authors: An Guanping , Huang Yanhao , Huang Tao , Cui Yulong , Peng Daoping
Published: May 2024

Owing to the intrinsic heterogeneity and anisotropy of karst systems, traditional hydrological exploration methods face significant challenges when investigating karst conduit networks. This study employs pyKasso for the stochastic simulation of karst conduit networks in Panzhou City, focusing on uncertainty analysis through local sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo methods. The simulation process incorporates geological, topographic, and fracture data to create a realistic representation of the karst network. We found that the spatial configuration and characteristics of the karst network are significantly influenced by various input parameters such as fracture parameters, inlets, outlets, and cost ratios. We highlight the minimal influence of fracture densities and the substantial impact of the count of inlets and outlets on crucial network metrics. The results demonstrate the critical role of parameter sensitivity and variability in modeling the intricate karst systems, providing valuable insights for hydrogeological studies and the management of karst water.
Optimization of Temperature and Humidity Monitoring for Warehouse in the same Geographical Environment
Authors: Dao Ronggui , Wen Yinrong , Yang Tao , Li Linjia
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to solve the problem: in the warehouse temperature and humidity monitoring, due to the wide area and large number of warehouses, a large number of monitoring systems and equipment are arranged, which need to reduce investment and maintenance costs. Considering the same geographical environment, select 1 or 2 typical warehouses to represent the temperature and humidity of this region, so as to reduce the investment of monitoring equipment. We experimented with two regions separately, with 5 warehouses in each region. Temperature and humidity were collected for a period of time, and cluster analysis was carried out based on their maximum value, average value or comprehensive statistics of the two regions. The results show: (1) When clustering according to the maximum temperature and humidity, there are 2 types of significant differences warehouses in the same geographical environment. (2) When clustering according to the mean value of temperature and humidity, there are 2 or 3 types of significant differences warehouses in the same geographical environment, and the clustering result is different from that of clustering according to the maximum value. (3) When clustering according to the maximum value and average value of temperature and humidity, there is no significant difference warehouses in the same geographical environment, which can be classified as the same warehouse. No matter considering the maximum value, average value or the combination of the two statistics, the typical warehouse can be selected to represent the same geographical environment, so as to reduce the monitoring equipment investment and storage management workload.
Analysis of water conservation in ecologically fragile areas: A case study of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
Authors: Guo Hao , Xiao Xingyuan
Published: May 2024

Remote sensing has become an important means and method of geographical research. Water conservation is one of the most critical functions of terrestrial ecosystems. Research on water conservation in these areas is essential for water resource utilization and ensuring food security. This study focuses on the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, utilizing the concept of the water balance method. By collecting, obtaining, and processing various data sources, including precipitation, evapotranspiration, and land use, the study quantitatively analyses changes in land use in the research area. Based on this analysis, the water conservation status in the region from 2000 to 2020 is assessed. The research findings reveal the following key points: (1) The spatial distribution of water conservation in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is highly uneven, with a pattern of more water conservation in the north and less in the south. There are significant differences in water conservation functions among various administrative units. (2) From 2000 to 2020, in the southern region of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the water conservation quantity has consistently increased and expanded northward. In the northern region, the water conservation quantity initially increased and then decreased. There was no significant change in water conservation quantity in the eastern and western regions. From 2000 to 2010, the water conservation function of all prefecture-level cities in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was improved However, from 2010 to 2020, Guyuan City experienced a substantial increase in water conservation quantity, while other prefecture-level cities showed varying degrees of decrease.
Formation Mechanism and Prevention Technology of Mine Water Disaster under Complex Conditions
Authors: Ren Chenfeng , Shi Xin
Published: May 2024

With the continuous westward shift of China’s coal production center, the western mining areas will play an increasingly important role in ensuring national energy security. It is urgent to extract coal economically and efficiently and realize scientific mining under the premise of ensuring the safe and environmental capacity. This paper systematically summarizes the research progress of coal seam separation water disaster at home and abroad, and elaborates the problem of coal seam separation water disaster from four aspects: formation mechanism of coal seam separation water, disaster-causing mechanism, prediction and early warning of water disaster and key prevention and control technologies. This paper summarizes the research on mining overlying strata separation and the formation mechanism of overlying strata separation water, and summarizes the formation of coal seam overlying strata separation water into three basic conditions: water separation, the existence of recharge water around the separation bed, and the separation space lasting long enough. However, the prevention and control of coal mine water disaster under complex geological conditions is an important problem restricting coal mine safety at present. The water damage prediction of overlying strata separation is summarized from three aspects: prediction of the location of available water separation, prediction of the periodicity of water inrush and prediction of the amount of water inrush, according to the development characteristics of bed separation. In this paper, the water damage prediction of overlying strata separation is summarized from three aspects: prediction of the location of available water separation, prediction of the periodicity of water inrush and prediction of the amount of water inrush. According to the development characteristics of bed-separation and the location of bed-separation water, the main prevention and control methods of bed-separation water damage, such as diversion hole, advance drain hole and ground direct pump hole, are proposed.
Research on the purification mechanism of heavy metal pollution by biochar composites driven by degree learning
Authors: Dai Anran , Jia Luxia , Zhan Aoli , Zhang Xiuze
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes an innovative approach by integrating deep learning technology, specifically employing the GRU recurrent neural network model based on the Seagull optimization algorithm, to enhance the accuracy of predicting biochar performance. The Seagull optimization algorithm, inspired by seagull predatory behavior, is adept at efficiently identifying optimal model parameters, thereby improving the model’s generalization ability and robustness. The GRU recurrent neural network, designed for sequence data processing, proves to be instrumental in capturing dynamic and nonlinear interactions between biochar and heavy metals. This, in turn, contributes to heightened prediction accuracy and model interpretability. The article unfolds in a structured manner, beginning with an introduction to the biochar preparation method and its characteristics. It then delves into an analysis of the sources and hazards of heavy metal pollution. Following this, the paper explains the principles and advantages of deep learning technology, providing a comprehensive foundation for the subsequent discussion. The construction and verification process of the proposed model is then detailed, concluding with the presentation of experimental results and in-depth analysis. In essence, this research introduces a pioneering idea and methodology for optimizing biochar design and effectively controlling heavy metal pollution, presenting a fresh perspective on addressing these environmental challenges.
The impact of technological advancements on carbon emissions in agriculture and rural areas
Authors: Qu Jiarui , He Xinyu
Published: May 2024

Rural agriculture is an essential aspect of carbon emission reduction and sequestration and also has the potential to achieve “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality.” A DEA-Malmquist index model is used to estimate the technical progress of agriculture using panel data from 30 provinces from 2012 to 2021. The evolution trend and spatial correlation of agricultural and rural carbon emissions are measured based on the spatial and temporal dimensions. The dynamic panel spatial lag model was also used to empirically test the mechanism of agricultural technological progress affecting agricultural rural carbon emissions. The results show that: ① There are apparent evolutionary characteristics and spatial agglomeration of agricultural and rural carbon emissions, and carbon pollution between provinces shows a weakening trend ② Agricultural technological progress can effectively drive carbon emission reduction in agriculture and rural areas, and the improvement of the farmers’ income structure can effectively regulate the carbon emission reduction efficacy of the total factor productivity, technological efficiency, and technological upgrading ③ The negative spatial spillover effect of agricultural technological progress on carbon emissions is significant; when the introduction of the farmers’ income structure as an interaction term, the negative spatial spillover effect of agricultural technological progress is significant. The negative spatial spillover effect of agricultural technological progress on carbon emissions is significant; introducing farmers’ income structure as an interaction term weakens the negative spatial spillover effect.
Purification with hydrocyclone on low grade Sodium-bentonite from Xinjiang, China
Authors: Xiaodong Liu , Jun Qiu , Xianjun Lyu
Published: May 2024

Bentonite need to be purified to get montmorillonite content more than 80 % for industrial applications. The screen analysis indicates that montmorillonite in two Sodium-bentonites, which come from Xiazijie, Xinjiang uygur autonomous region, China, distribute mainly in the size fraction of -400 mesh. In this size fraction, the montmorillonite contents are 61.8 % and 60.0 %, yields are 88.5 % and 90.0 %, and the recoveries are 96.7 % and 93.7 %, respectively. According to the results of X-ray diffraction(XRD) and screen test, the two bentonites can be mixed together to be purified. With the 1st stage hydrocyclone condition of pulp density 4 %, pressure 0.19 MPa, diameter of hydrocyclone 125mm, and with the 2nd stage hydrocyclone in the condition of pressure 0.12 MPa and diameter of hydrocyclone 75mm, the concentrate with montmorillonite content of 82.3%, yield of 48.8 % and recovery of 63.7 % can be got. The 2nd stage overflow product meets industry standard. The results show that hydrocyclone is the effective means for purification of this low grade Sodium-bentonite, but the Sodium-bentonite could be converted to Ca-bentonite after purification.
Research of Bayan Obo tailings characteristics and recovery methods
Authors: Su Wenrou , Tan Xiaolin
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a new method for the recovery of iron and rare earth elements (REEs) from Bayan Obo tailings, which are the waste materials from the extraction of iron and REEs from the Bayan Obo ore deposit in Inner Mongolia, China. The method is based on the combination of microwave-assisted carbothermal reduction and acid leaching. The microwave-assisted carbothermal reduction can effectively reduce the iron oxides and REE oxides in the tailings to metallic iron and REE metals, respectively, and separate them from the gangue minerals. The acid leaching can then dissolve the REE metals from the reduced product and obtain a high-purity REE solution. The effects of various parameters on the performance of the method were investigated and optimized, and the mechanisms and kinetics of the reactions were analyzed and modeled. The results showed that the method can achieve a high recovery rate of iron and REEs, a high selectivity of REEs, a low energy consumption, and a simple process. The economic and environmental benefits of the method are also significant, as it can utilize the Bayan Obo tailings and recover the valuable elements from them, and reduce the waste generation and greenhouse gas emission. The method provides a new and efficient technology for the utilization of Bayan Obo tailings and the recovery of iron and REEs, and contributes to the fundamental understanding of the microwave-assisted carbothermal reduction and acid leaching processes.
Industrial test of post combustion CO2 capture by reactive absorption with two new solvents in natural gas power plant
Authors: Huang Zhongyuan , Jin Xuliang , Zhao Xuefeng , Meng Fanqin , Yin Aiming
Published: May 2024

The post-combustion chemical decarbonization process is one of the key technology selections for the low-carbon development of natural gas power plants. The high energy consumption of amine regeneration is hindering its commercial application. In this paper, two new mixed amines solvent 15%Diethylaminoethanol (DEEA) +9% Piperazine (PZ)+ 6% Monoethanolamine (MEA) named DT01-3 and 22% 1,4-butanediamine (BDA)+ 4% N-Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) + 4% 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) named DT02-2 are verified by the 3000Nm3/h industrial demonstration system. The steady state condition was gradually established by adjusting the main parameters such as flue gas flow rate, absorber inlet flue gas temperature, solvent circulation flow rate, regeneration tower operation pressure, steam flow rate and so on with the goal of maintaining ≥90% of the capture efficiency. The results show that the CO2 capture efficiency of DT01-3 and DT02-2 is 91.23% and 90.81% respectively. The regeneration heat consumption is 3.65 GJ/tCO2 and 3.73 GJ/tCO2. The amines consumption is 0.95kg/tCO2,1.1kg/tCO2. The operating cost of DT01-3 and DT02-2 is 336.37 CNY/t,346.04 CNY/t, which is 20.94%,18.68% lower compared with MEA.
Research on Numerical Weather Prediction Wind Speed Correction Based on Stacking Ensemble Learning Algorithm
Authors: Guo Jiashuo , Ren Ge , Liu Xiangyu , Wang Xiaoning , Lin Hong
Published: May 2024

The transportation of wind fields plays a crucial role in the dispersion and distribution of air pollutants, and accurate wind speed prediction is essential for assessing pollutant concentrations. In this study, we constructed a Stacking ensemble learning model using three models, namely Random Forest, LightGBM, and XGBoost, as base learners, and the LASSO regression model as the meta-learner to optimize wind speed data forecasting for Zhengzhou City’s urban area using WRF. Firstly, based on Pearson correlation coefficients, we selected meteorological variables that have a significant impact on near-surface wind speed and derived historical lagged features. Bayesian TPE was utilized for hyperparameter tuning and model building. Finally, the performance of the trained model was evaluated by comparing it with ground observation data. The results showed that compared to the WRF model, Random Forest, LightGBM, and XGBoost effectively reduced forecast errors and significantly improved wind speed predictions. Both LightGBM and XGBoost demonstrated similar performance in the correction models across the 11 stations and outperformed Random Forest. The Stacking method integrated the advantages of the base learners and exhibited improvement capabilities over individual models, highlighting the potential of machine learning in enhancing localized and accurate weather forecasting.
Research on the optimal configuration method of energy storage based on wind power randomness
Authors: Yang Guoshan , Zhang Jianhui , Ma Zhengxiong
Published: May 2024

Large-scale wind power integration into the power grid will bring some negative effects or even large faults to the power system, such as voltage instability, the change in the transient stability of the system, etc. This could lead to the low accuracy of the wind power prediction results and the unreasonable capacity configuration of the energy storage. In this paper, considering the uncertainty of wind power, the optimization model of minimizing the operating cost, voltage deviation, and pollutant emission is constructed. Additionally, the mixed probability optimization algorithm (PLF-NSGAII-MOPSO) is calculated and analyzed. The results show that the method proposed in this paper is beneficial to finding the optimal configuration of energy storage under the condition of wind power access.
Proposing of a two-stage system known as the PV/T-ST system combining thermoelectric conversion technology for round-the-clock electrical output
Authors: Wen Xin , Ji Jie
Published: May 2024

In this study, a two-stage system known as the PV/T-ST system with a series photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) module and a solar thermal (ST) collector combining thermoelectric conversion technology is proposed. In the daytime, the PV/T module generates power and captures low-temperature heat simultaneously. The ST module achieves secondary heating of water and secondary thermal-electric output by the thermoelectric generators (TEG). In the nighttime, the water heated by day continues to circulate, providing heat for TEG, thus achieving round-the-clock electrical output. Theoretical research reveals that the system’s total electrical power reaches its maximum value at 11:57, measuring 97.43 W. The maximum heat gain amounts to 380.67 W. During the night, TEG operates continuously and experiences a gradual decline in electrical output, with an average electrical efficiency of 0.43%.