bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“ME – YOU”: SOCIAL PEDAGOGUE’S HELP FOR SOCIAL RISK CHILDREN IN TERMS OF INTERRELATIONSHIP
Authors: Ratkeviciene Milda
Published: May 2018

Social pedagogue’s help for social risk children is a relevant part of education and of our society as well in Lithuania and in the world in general. The purpose of article is to describe social pedagogue’s help for social risk children through interrelationship perspective. Every relationship between social pedagogue and social risk child has different story. But the results presented in this article show all interrelationships between these two persons have the same idea – the respectful trust or trust-based respect is necessary. Only such relationships can create conditions for the provision of professional and effective help for social risk children both in short-term and long-term perspective. Interrelationship “me – you” between school social pedagogue and social risk children is looked through the ideas of A. Lingis and M. Buber. The research is based on the phenomenological narrative perspective.
SELF-HYPNOSIS TO IMPROVE TEACHER STRESS MANAGEMENT SKILLS
Authors: Kuzmenko Olga
Published: May 2018

Nowadays in conditions of economic instability and educational policy fragility, particularly in social conflict and crisis contexts, special attention is paid to the increasing teachers` stress resistance and prevention of their burnout. The aim of the research is to assess effectiveness of self-hypnosis in stress reduction. Material and methods: group of educational personnel were completing the questionnaires about stress level before and after self-hypnosis training during 3 months. Stress indicators were measured with the help of mobile app Samsung S Health and anxiety and mood scales. Regular self-hypnosis training and stress measurement during 3 months represent improvement of stress management skills in all participants. Among the most important results achieved in this experiment: decreased anxiety level, increased stress resistance and development of personal effectiveness skills. So self-hypnosis can be represented as cheap, effective, rapid and safe method of self-regulation in every day practice.
SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION: FOR AND AGAINST 6-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN COMMENCING SCHOOL EDUCATION
Authors: Liduma Anna
Published: May 2018

The scientific article actualizes the pedagogical process at preschool. It actuates school year 2017/2018 pedagogical process for Latvia state’s needs and involves education (teaching and learning) and upbringing/self-upbringing (attitudes’ development to oneself, others, nature, work, culture, state and society). The assessment is provided for the open to debate Project No 8.3.1.1/16/I/002 “School 2030 Competence approach to education content” as the scientifically non-substantiated content, which makes provision only for education. The scientific substantiation of the article is based on the child development in early childhood (0-8 years) actual theories by A. Spona, A. Liduma, Latvian scientists, G. Craig Baucum, the USA psychologists, and A. Rean, Russian psychologist. Analysis of the Content of Preschool education of the year 2012 by Latvian Ministry of Education and Science and the Cabinet of Ministers. The empirical research analyses different visions on the 6-year-olds’ maturity/readiness for school by the deputy head-masters in education at preschool education establishments of Latvia's regions. The opinions for and against the 6-year-olds’ education at school by children parents and the preschool pedagogy students have been analysed.
ART DECO STYLE’S FEATURES IN THE TEXTILE WORKS OF DESIGNERS SONIA DELAUNAY AND PAUL POIRET
Authors: Zarembo Liene
Published: May 2018

Art Deco is an artistic term that stands for an elegant eclectic design style dating back to the 1920s. Style has affected virtually all industries, including architecture, fine arts, applied arts, interior design, industrial design, fashion and jewellery, as well as painting, graphics and cinema. Art Deco architecture and arts expanded on other movements - Constructivism, Cubism, Modernism, Bauhaus, and Futurism. Principles of Constructivism and Cubism are also used in contemporary textile patchwork and quilt. The aim of the paper: exploration of the features of Art Deco style in the textile works of 20th century designers - Sonia Delaunay and Paul Poiret. The methods of the research: exploration of theoretical literature and Internet resources, the experience of reflection.The research emphasizes Sonja Delaunay’s particular importance of textile works in the development of contemporary quilt in the 21st century.
POSSIBILITIES OF SUPPORT OF SPECIAL NEEDS STUDENTS AT THE GRADUATION EXAM - CASE STUDY OF A STUDENT WITH ASPERGER SYNDROME FOCUSING ON THE MODIFICATION OF GRADUATION EXAM CONDITIONS
Authors: Schwarzová Lucie
Published: May 2018

The aim of the paper is the theoretical anchoring of the autism spectrum disorder focusing mainly on the Asperger syndrome, as well as the classification of disorders according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-V). The paper contains an overview of the legal regulations related to the possible modifications of the common part of the graduation exam. The research part is based on qualitative methodology, it includes a case study. Based on an intentional selection (age and diagnosis), a student with Asperger syndrome was chosen for the case study, who applied at the educational support center for the modification of the graduation exam conditions. Regarding the data collection, the research methods included a semi-structured interview with the legal representatives (with the consent of the student of age), and a class teacher, and the study of the documents kept in the educational support center. The research part contains information on the personal and schooling history, as well as on the symptoms reflecting the diagnostic dyad. The conclusion offers an overview of the specific support measures provided to the student for the common part of the national graduation exam. The aim of the study is to explore whether the symptoms of the Asperger syndrome diagnosis reflected in the deficiencies at school may be fully compensated through the modification of the graduation exam conditions.
THE MULTIFUNCTIONALITY OF CHILD-CENTRED EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE UPBRINGING CONTEXT
Authors: Katane Irēna , Katans Edgars , Lietapure Stella
Published: May 2018

Education is a means and also a guarantee for the facilitation of society’s sustainable development. According to the historical age of the development of society, the dominant paradigms for education had set goals, tasks, out of which resulted also educational functions. Within the educational process, including pedagogical process, there are regularities resulting into conclusive pedagogical axiom: the more human-friendly and meeting his individual needs and interests is educational environment, the more successful is the individual’s all-rounded development in such environment. Nowadays upbringing is an important component of educational process .The aim of theoretical research is to substantiate the multifunctionality of child-centred educational environment in the upbringing context. The authors of the article have substantiated the methodological base of theoretical research as well: humanistic approach and ecological approach, including there has been presented the various aspects of the concept ‘educational environment’.
WHAT NEEDS TO HAPPEN FOR BEHAVIOUR SUPPORT MODELS TO DELIVER THE DESIRED RESULTS
Authors: Bruveris Ilona
Published: May 2018

This paper will examine why theories/models of behaviour support do not provide the solution which teachers are expecting for the behavioural challenges which they face in the classroom. It will use teacher beliefs about locus of control in their classroom, broadly grouping approaches as interventionist, interactionist and non-interventionist, to establish why in some instances implementation of new strategies becomes part of the classroom routine and why, at other times, implementation is partial and fades from use. Finally it will identify the elements which need to be present if teachers are to successfully implement innovative practices and change the paradigms that they hold about students with behaviour support needs.
APPLICABILITY OF INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES IN UZBEK HIGHER EDUCATION TO IMPROVE QUALITY AND COMPETITIVENESS
Authors: Lutfullayev Pulatkhon
Published: May 2018

Further reforming the higher education system is one of the hot topics in current political life in Uzbekistan. It is in the threshold of a rapid and long term change and improvement process in order to raise quality. In this regard, the international best practices of quality improvement are seen as a key task and objective before the practitioners and managerial staff. How the best practices can be adopted and applied in practice are still under discussion. Therefore, in this article is discussed the problematic issues of quality improvement in the background of the recent developments and policy reforms in higher education system in Uzbekistan. The major components of quality assurance such as adopting the best practices in teaching, research, managing higher educational institutions, and applicability of strategic management tools are argued. Moreover, the possibility of adopting the best practices in the field of internationalization such as student and teacher exchangeand working in international projects are reviewed. Each discussion is mixed with recommendations of and implications from the author.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF BUILDING A SMART PLATFORM FOR DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF A MODERN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Maslova Irina , Frolov Aleksei , Uzharinskyi Anron
Published: May 2018

The article presents conceptual architectural and technological solutions. In the article is justified application of technology and integration of SMART subsystems platform based on a single integrating data schema. The structure of the integrated information and computing environment, based on the classical architecture of SOA and differing by the presence of a repository of services which stores information about all available web services and the ability to remotely call the methods of services by clients.
"UNIVERSITY OF THE THIRD AGE" AS A FORM OF SENIOR CITIZENS’ LIFELONG EDUCATION
Authors: Lezhnina Larisa , Morova Natalia , Domracheva Svetlana
Published: May 2018

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of finding ways of social integration of senior citizens  to the conditions of the rapidly changing society. The main idea is to use the resources of life-long education for providing retired people  with the conditions to obtain information about the world on a systematic basis. The subject of the research are the form and the content of senior citizens’ lifelong education that is aimed at preserving their active life style and enriching their intrapersonal potential. The article gives the social-pedagogical model of lifelong uducation of elderly people that corresponds to their needs, and describes  the author's conceptual basis (openness of education, voluntariness, focus on the learners’ needs) and the content of the model (giving knowledge, developing skills, interaction and self-development training). The methods of the research are modeling and pedagogical natural experiment. The five-year experience of implementing the model of senior citizens’ lifelong education in the form of  "University of the Third Age" allows the authors to conclude that it is effective. In the students’ opinion, the educational programs of "University of the Third Age" meet their cognitive needs, provide their social integration, help them to maintain active life style, increase their satisfaction with the quality of their life. Thus, higher educational institutions can and should become the place where senior citizens can get education and training.
PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AT HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Šišlova Eleonora , Fernāte Andra
Published: May 2018

Students in Latvia have a moderately positive attitude towards organized physical activity at the university, it has been formed in the past and is related to the previous experience in physical education gained at school. To promote student involvement in physical activities and changes in students’ attitude towards physical activity at the university, it is necessary to evaluate their previous experience in physical education acquired at school. The aim of the study is to evaluate of the psychometric properties of the Youth Experiences Survey for Sport (YES-S) (MacDonald et.al., 2012) for students of Latvia. Research methods: The Youth Experiences Survey for Sport (YES-S), Principal component factor analysis. Respondents: 265 students aged from 19 to 24 from four universities of Latvia. Some contradictions were identified between the theoretical basis of the YES-S instrument’s scale and the various criteria that can characterize experience in physical education. As a result, a five-factor structure was developed, which includes 19 items. The factor loads of the other 18 items indicated that these items were not compatible with the theoretical concept of the YES-S.
DEVELOPMENT OF LIEPAJA RESIDENTIAL AREA “GREEN GROVE” PLANNING AND SPATIAL STRUCTURES AFTER WORLD WAR II
Authors: Ozola Silvija
Published: May 2018

In Liepaja 1960 building of residential buildings started, but in 1967 the Master Plan was confirmed: eastwards of industrial zone the residential area “Green Grove” (Latvian: Zaļā Birze) was envisaged, where architect Irēna Rubauska developed a three-stage detailed planning (1973) of five housing estates with multi-storey residential buildings. After Latvia Republic restoration a controversial period of ownership started: without analysis transformations were implemented in urban environment, promoting fragmentation of planning.  Research issue – Soviet time heritage in Liepaja has not been studied sufficiently. Architectonically spatial of the residential area “Green Grove” composition has not been implemented, and housing estate’s further development is not resolved nowadays. Research novelty – urban planner Rubauska’s creative investment in urban development has been acknowledged. Research goal – the residential area “Green Grove” spatial structural analysis. Principal methods applied-planning and construction observation in nature, analysis of archive and cartographic materials, comparative method for conclusions. Summary of research outcomes: Rubauska’s intention of the residential area “Green Grove” without implementation, architectonically spatial composition is not solved any longer; nowadays topographical survey is not applied for Liepaja’s territorial zoning, watercourses are not marked, therefore schematic areas and approximate shapes of fortress canal do not provide impression of qualitative architectonically spatial formation.
MEDICAL STUDENTS' MOTIVATION PROMOTION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Koha Aelita , Ivanova Tatjana , Ivanova Ilze
Published: May 2018

When choosing the direction of education, it is important for a person or with the help of the given education he will be able to achieve the goals and ideals of his life, and realize his personality potential. The choice of a career, according to personality, determines success and successful professional performance. Medicine is an area that offers a wide range of opportunities to acquire a profession in various specializations. A successful study program for medical students is very closely related to motivation.Motivation is especially important in encouraging students to motivate the person to develop the chosen profession.Motivation involves mutual interconnection of beliefs, perceptions, values and interests. In the pedagogical process, this means that the need is the main motive for learning, so it is important to notice that one level of needs encourages learning. The main task of the study process is to develop students' knowledge and skills that are useful in further professional careersAim of the article: To study the motivation of students of medical college, the factors influencing it, which promote the development of professional competencesMethods: quantitative study method, research instrument-surveyMain results of the study on the factors of professional competence in the study process: competence of teachers (43%), content of the study program (21%), practical classes (24%).
Penyimpanan Ikan Mas Hidup Menggunakan Media Sekam Padi yang Didinginkan
Authors: Manurung Melani , Suwetja I Ketut , Onibala Hens , Mentang Feny , Montolalu Roike Iwan
Published: May 2018

Ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) merupakan salah satu komoditas perairan tawar yang cukup berkembang di daerah Sulawesi Utara, serta memiliki peluang pasar yang cukup menjanjikan, oleh karena itu perlu mendapat dukungan berupa teknologi penanganan transportasi yang ekonomis, efektif dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan mas pada penanganan dan penyimpanan pasca panen, penyimpanan dilakukan selama 2, 3, 4, 5 dan 6 jam. Parameter yang dianalisis pada penelitian ini terdiri dari penentuan tingkat kelangsungan hidup, pengukuran indeks rigor dan nilai  total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN). Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dan
dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelangsungan hidup ikan mas pada penyimpanan 2 jam yaitu 100%, 3 jam 100%, 4 jam 81,25%, 5 jam 68,75% dan 6 jam 25,00%. Waktu penyimpanan tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap waktu perubahan memasuki fase fullrigor, tetapi memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap waktu memasuki fase fullrigor dan postrigor autolisis. Ikan yang disimpan selama 6 jam mengalami 3 kondisi, yaitu ikan kondisi hidup, ikan kondisi mati lemas, dan ikan kondisi mati kaku.
Perspectiva fenomenológica de Juan José Saer: a discussão do realismo no espaço da lhanura
Authors: Mota Raquel Alves
Published: May 2018

Resumo: Discute-se o papel do espaço ficcional de maior recorrência na obra de Juan José Saer (1937-2005): a lhanura. Esse espaço do vazio eclode nos romances saerianos, no movimento descritivo, na tentativa de esgotamento dos limites daquilo que se mostra ao olhar. Por meio do narrador ou da personagem acompanha-se, aqui, a fixação de Saer por esse lugar, nessa investida fenomenológica de apreensão do mundo. A análise desse gesto saeriano é intermediada por ideias de Merleau-Ponty acerca da relação vidente-visível. Atesta-se que esse primoroso trabalho descritivo saeriano revela uma discussão consistente do realismo ou daquilo que o autor argentino defende como sua proposta de escrita literária.Palavras-chave: espaço saeriano; realismo poético; fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty.Abstract: This paper discusses the role of the fictional space that continually appears in Juan José Saer’s work (1937-2005): the flatlands. This space of emptiness appears in Saerian novels; in the descriptive movement, in the attempt of depleting the limits of what is shown by the act of looking. Saer’s fixation on this place is tracked through the narrator or character in this phenomenological attempt to understand the world. The analysis of this Saerian act is mediated by Merleau-Ponty’s ideas about the seer-visible relationship. Such analysis shows that this exquisite Saerian descriptive work presents a consistent discussion of realism or what the Argentinian author claims as his proposal of literary writing.Keywords: saerian space; poetic realism; Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology.
Cultivando Respeto (Cultivating Respect): Engaging the Latino Community
Authors: Nuñez-Alvarez Arcela , Clark-Ibáñez Marisol , Ardón Ana M , Ramos Amy L , Pellicia Michelle Ramos
Published: May 2018

This article addresses an innovative approach to connecting an urban university with the surrounding neighborhoods comprised of Latino immigrants, who represent potential new students or current students’ family members. The National Latino Research Center (NLRC) uses popular education, culturally informed, and linguistically relevant strategies to engage diverse Latino communities in the northern region of San Diego County in California. Methods of engaging the Latino community include cultivating long-term relationships, responding to time-sensitive community crises, facilitating inter-generational connections, presenting material in a culturally informed and relevant way, providing hands-on experiences with civic engagement, and growing partnerships within the university and among non-profits. Preliminary findings described a two-year study on civic engagement testing the effectiveness of a Spanish-language curriculum based on popular education offered (free) to members of urban and rural low-resourced Latino communities. The Center statistically correlated Latino community members’ experiential learning, participating in social media, and voting with gains in civic engagement knowledge.
Aligning Academic Offerings with Industry Needs and Facility Construction, While Making Space for Relevant Public Private Partnerships (P3s)
Authors: Golich Vicki L , Haynes Sandra , Hillhouse Erin , Pfeifer David
Published: May 2018

Metropolitan State University of Denver (MSU Denver) has been educating students for Colorado’s urban workforce for over fifty years. The following case study of MSU Denver’s new Aerospace Engineering Sciences (AES) Building reveals the roles played by partnerships among universities, faculty, and local civic and industry leaders in creating new curricula and facilities. The new Advanced Manufacturing Sciences (AMS) curriculum and specialized labs will be “game changers” for manufacturing in Colorado, because they provide flexible maker-spaces that encourage the iterative, changing interaction among students, faculty, and industry essential in an evolving economy. Nurturing such places for collaboration fosters self-sustaining curriculum enrichment.
Patients need to know that ileostomy following anterior resection may not be reversed
Authors: Ng Jing-Yu , Koh Frederick H. , Yeo Danson , Ng Sheldon Jin-Keat , Tan Kok-Yang , Tan Ker-Kan
Published: May 2018

Background: A diverting ileostomy is often created following a low colorectal anastomosis to reduce the clinical consequences of an anastomotic leak. Whilst many patients are advised that these ileostomies are temporary, not all stomas will eventually be closed. This study aimed to look at the reversal rates of diverting ileostomy following anterior resections, and the reasons for delayed or non-reversal.Methods: A retrospective review of all patients who underwent an anterior resection with a diverting ileostomy from March 2011 to March 2013 was performed.Results: A total of 115 patients had a diverting ileostomy following anterior resection within the study period. Seventy-six (66.1%) patients had a reversal before March 2016. The median time to reversal was 8 months (range, 1-26 months) with only 13% reversed within 12 weeks. Two patients (2.6%) had anastomotic leaks post ileostomy reversal requiring surgery and 1 patient (1.3%) had significant hematochezia requiring hospitalization. In the 39 (33.9%) patients who did not have their ileostomies reversed, deterioration in the fitness of the patient for surgery was the most commonly cited reason (n=12, 30.8%). This was followed by disease progression (n=9, 23.1%) and patient’s choice (n=8, 20.5%).Conclusions: One in 3 diverting ileostomies performed following anterior resection is not reversed. The interval time to its closure is longer than typically expected. Patients should be made aware of the significant possibility of non-reversal.
Relationship between plasma calcium and carcinoembryonic antigen among colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Wichendu Promise N. , Amadi Collins
Published: May 2018

Background: Low serum calcium is hypothesized to influence colorectal carcinogenesis. Hence, this study was set out to investigate the pattern of plasma calcium in patients with colorectal cancer, and to determine the relationship between the mineral with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) among patients with colorectal cancer.Methods: This was a retrospective study of 45 colorectal cancer patients who presented to a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. The laboratory characteristics of these patients were evaluated. Records of sex, age, serum albumin, plasma total calcium, and serum CEA test results from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2017 were retrieved from laboratory and medical records and analyzed with SPSS software version 20.Results: There were a total of 45 records of colorectal patients in this study, among them were 62.2% males and 37.8% females. The majority (57.8%) of the study cohorts are within the age group 50 to 59 years. Low total calcium was observed in 37.8% of the study cohort while 66.7% tested positive for CEA. The positive CEA group had lower total calcium level than those with negative CEA results (p = 0.001). Negative but weak correlations of total calcium and serum CEA was observed among the overall study cohort (r = -0.485; p = 0.001) and those with positive test for CEA (r = -0.384; p = 0.036).Conclusions: The evidence from this study suggests that low serum calcium could be a risk factor for colorectal cancer and is also associated with higher serum level of the CEA biomarker.
Laparoscopic marsupialization of pelvic lymphoceles following radical prostatectomy
Authors: Izol Volkan , Gokalp Fatih , Karsli Onur , Kaplan Eyup , Deger Mutlu , Aridogan Atilla I. , Tansug Zuhtu M.
Published: May 2018

Background: In this study, we evaluated our laparoscopic marsupialization experiences in patients who had radical prostatectomy due to prostate cancer and had lymphocele after the surgery.Methods: Between October 2011 and December 2013, radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection were performed on 138 patients with prostate cancer diagnoses. Pelvic lymphocele was detected in 12 patients by ultrasonographic examination. Symptomatic patients to whom we applied drainage under ultrasonography and during whose follow-up lymphocele pouch was detected were hospitalized for laparoscopic marsupialization.Results: The 5 prostatectomy patients had a mean age of 67.9±15 (52-72) years. The time needed for lymphocele development was, on average, 63±12 (51-79) days and the mean lymphocele size was 8.6±1.2 (8-9) cm. Surgery was performed in the supine position with a transperitoneal laparoscopic approach. The average operating time was 80±20 (60-100) minutes. Patients had no collection in their ultrasonographic control examinations performed after 2 and 6 weeks and they have been followed-up for an average time of 20 months without problems.Conclusions: Although a limited number of patients were included in this study, the experience gained in urological laparoscopic operations indicates that laparoscopic marsupialization is an effective method that can be safely applied to treat lymphoceles requiring surgery.
Reconstruction of post burns facial contractures and deformities: an Indian perspective
Authors: Lakhani Niyati , Lakhani Ashwin
Published: May 2018

Background: Reconstruction of facial burns contracture is one of the most important surgeries in cosmetic and reconstructive surgery. This study was aimed to assess the different modalities used in facial reconstruction and their outcome.Methods: This retrospective study involved 20 patients with extensive burning facial scars. Patients were treated with different reconstructive modalities like split/full thickness skin grafts or flaps etc. Outcome of different modalities as per the area of face involved, graft taken up and complications were analyzed.Results: Majority patients were of age between 20-30 years. 72.22% patients had other associated burn injuries with facial involvement. Most patients (18, 90%) were treated after 9 months post burns duration. All patients had multiregional involvement on face but cheek being the largest unit, was most commonly involved (18, 90%) followed by involvement of oral commissure and lips in 8 (40%) and orbital region in 7 (35%) patients. Full thickness skin graft (FTSG) and split thickness skin grafts (STSG) were most commonly performed procedures. Patient with forehead scarring was treated with abdominal tube transferred in stages. Two patients with eyelid ectropion treated with release and STSG. Gillies up and down forehead flap were used for nose reconstruction due to non-availability of tissue expanders. Linear scars on chick not fitting in relaxed skin tension line were treated with excision and primary “z” plasty. Hypertrophic scar of ear was excised and STSG was applied. Common complications included hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, contour distortion and obliteration of labiomental sulcus.Conclusions: Facial reconstructive procedure for burns scars should be selected based on region of face involved. Skin grafting is an effective method for reconstruction especially in areas with non-availability of advanced treatment modalities.
Clinical study of intra-abdominal abscess and its management by percutaneous USG guided drainage
Authors: Dhurve Asmita S. , Bodade Ritesh M. , Bugga Raunak R. , Nandu Vipul V. , Meshram M. M.
Published: May 2018

Background: Intra-abdominal abscesses continue to present therapeutic challenge to the surgeon. They are common complication of inflammatory bowel disease, malignancy and trauma. The objective of the present study is to manage the intra-abdominal abscesses by percutaneous aspiration under ultrasound guidance and placement of continuous catheter drainage wherever deemed necessary and to assess the efficiency, limitations and complications, if any of this method.Methods: A total of 120 cases of intra-abdominal abscesses were selected. The diagnosis of intra-abdominal abscess was confirmed by USG and/or CT. Patients were then subjected to ultrasound guided drainage/aspiration as a therapeutic measure. Post procedure patients were watched for signs of peritonitis. Systemic antibiotics were given, and analgesics were given on SOS basis. Follow up ultrasound after three days was done. Follow up was kept in all cases.Results: Most common occurring intra-abdominal abscesses were liver abscess (60.83%) and sub-diaphragmatic abscess (11.67%). The etiology was not known i.e. cryptogenic in 47.5% and occurring post-surgically were 28.33%. In 25% patients, single aspiration was sufficient. In 30.80% patients, 2 aspirations and in 29.12% patients, 3 aspirations were needed. 72.5% patients were successfully treated by aspiration only and in the remaining 27.5% patients drain was kept. The complication rate was 7.5%. [Bleeding-0.83%, recollection-1.67% and damage to viscera-0.83%, which were related to the procedure].Conclusions: The method is associated with good success rate, low morbidity and mortality, better patient compliance, low cost, can be performed under local anaesthesia and even in critically ill and high-risk patients and should be used as an initial procedure in the treatment of intra-abdominal abscesses.
A comparative study of inguinal hernia repair: Shouldice versus Lichtenstein repair
Authors: Shah Ram Sagar , Kumar Ajay
Published: May 2018

Background: Inguinal hernia is a common problem and its repair is one of the most frequently performed operation in general surgical practice. There are appreciable advantages of Lichtenstein over Shouldice repair in terms of simplicity, less time consuming and postoperative pain; there in the context of less developed countries with limited economic resources, however Shouldice repair is more cost effective and there are no differences in recurrences and other complications which would be a better proposition. The present study aims at comparing the results of Shouldice versus Lichtenstein’s repair in inguinal hernia in adult male (≥18 years).Methods: Total of fifty cases was included in this study, were equally divided into 2 groups; Group A and Group B and subjected for Shouldice and Lichtenstein mesh repair respectively. Operating time, postoperative complications as Wound infection, Seroma, Hematoma, Postoperative pain, and days of hospital stay, total costs and time to return to usual activity was noted.Results: Out of 50 patients, 36 (72%) were had indirect hernia and most of them were in between 18-29.9 years of age. There were no difference between two groups with respect to postoperative pain, Wound infection 12% and 8%, Seroma  8% and 4% and Hematoma 4% and 4% in Group A and Group B respectively. However, there is significant difference noted in operating time period in which Shouldice repair took more time (Mean time in Shouldice 84.16 min and Lichtenstein 58.80 min). There were no recurrences in either group.Conclusions: So, comparing our results of both groups, Lichtenstein repair were found to be better as it is simple procedure and is less time consuming than Shouldice repair.  However, Shouldice repair was found to be cost effective which could be an important consideration in developing countries.
Clinical evaluation of patient with perforation peritonitis and their peritoneal fluid analysis for culture and sensitivity
Authors: Srivastava Rajiv , Singh Rajeev Kumar
Published: May 2018

Background: Perforation peritonitis is one of the most common emergency that is encountered by surgical unit in emergency department and timely management of it can prevent morbidity and mortality, its important to reach the diagnosis earliest and intervene immediately. we find that understanding the peritoneal fluid obtained on exploratory laparotomy and knowing its culture and sensitivity and treating with appropriate antibiotic has a significant role in better management and early recovery of such patients.Methods: This study comprises of 100 consecutive cases of acute perforation peritonitis on whom exploratory laparotomy was done. In a study period from 1/4/2016 to 13/7/2017 conducted by department of General surgery Government medical college Haldwani-Nanital. Diagnosis was made on basis of clinical and radiological examination. Peritoneal fluid sample was obtained after opening the peritoneum and sent for peritoneal fluid analysis to microbiology department to get culture and sensitivity.Results: Male to female ratio was 3:1 and the most common age group involved was between 20 to 40 years. The most common site of perforation was found to be duodenum amounting to 55% of cases followed by ileal perforation found in 20% cases, gastric perforation was found in 10 % of case. Most common microorganism among Gram negative organism was Klebsella found in 52% cases followed by E. coil in 36% cases, both were found together in 5% cases in rest of the cases proteus and pseudomonas were found. Sensitivity was found to ceftrioxone,ciprofloxacillin and amikacin in more than 87% of gram negative organism while resistance was seen to amplicillin and clotrimoxazole other antibiotics that showed sensitivity to microorganism were Linizoild and minocycline in 76% cases. Around 8% fluid showed presence of methecillin resistant or sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and both were sensitive to linizoilid and minocycline and resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and cephxatin.Conclusions: Peptic ulcer perforation is found to be most common site of perforation where second part of the duodenum supersedes Gastric perforation ratio been 5:1 jointly they are responsible for 65% of perforations. Second most common cause of perforation was due to enteric fever causing ilial perforation which was seen in 20% of the cases. Most common microorganism found is Klebsella and E. coli found in almost 81% of the case and were found to be sensitive to ceftrioxone, amikacin, linizoild and minocycline in almost all the cases.
Clínica Analítico-Comportamental no Brasil: Histórico, Treinamento e Supervisão
Authors: Ferreira Renatha Rafihi- , Dos Santos Deivid Regis , Carvalho Felipe Alckmin , Soares Maria Rita Zoega
Published: May 2018

O Brasil é um dos países que mais se destaca na formação clínica de analistas do comportamento. No presente estudo é apresentado um breve histórico da terapia analítico-comportamental, com seu surgimento e evolução da área no Brasil, incluindo as terapias de modificação do comportamento, com base filosófica no Behaviorismo Metodológico, até as Terapias de Terceira Onda, fundamentadas no Behaviorismo Radical. Ressalta-se a importância de habilidades do terapeuta ao atendimento clínico, com a discussão de questões relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de vínculo genuíno e positivo com o cliente, observação, identificação, descrição de como operacionalizar e analisar funcionalmente os comportamentos problema. São apresentadas considerações sobre a relação supervisor-supervisionando e sobre o papel do supervisor na aquisição de repertórios básicos na formação do clínico iniciante. Por fim, são descritos recursos que podem ser utilizados pelo supervisor para facilitar o desenvolvimento de habilidades em seus supervisionandos, como o ponto de escuta eletrônico, a observação direta a partir de salas com espelho unidirecional e as gravações de áudio e vídeo. Espera-se que esse artigo seja útil para práticos da clínica analítico-comportamental e sirva também como recurso didático para professores das disciplinas de Análise do Comportamento na graduação de universidades brasileiras.
B. F. Skinner e Simone de Beauvoir: “a mulher” à luz do modelo de seleção pelas consequências
Authors: Silva Emanuelle Castaldelli , Laurenti Carolina
Published: May 2018

Skinner e outros analistas do comportamento defenderam a possibilidade de os princípios da Análise do Comportamento serem usados para a construção de um mundo melhor. Porém, estudos têm sinalizado que esse potencial precisa ser mais bem explorado, sobretudo no contexto dos debates sobre temáticas de caráter social, como, por exemplo, o feminismo. Considerando essa crítica, este artigo tem o objetivo de discutir como a concepção antiessencialista e complexa de ser humano presente no modelo de seleção pelas consequências de B. F. Skinner é consistente com uma das principais teses do movimento feminista, a distinção entre sexo e gênero, que ganhou sistematização e projeção na obra de Simone de Beauvoir. Por meio do esclarecimento das noções de antiessencialismo e de multidimensionalidade do ser humano, são estabelecidos pontos de aproximação entre as proposições de Skinner acerca do comportamento humano e as de Beauvoir a respeito da condição feminina. Conclui-se que a visão de ser humano encorajada pelo modelo de seleção pelas consequências estabelece uma concepção pluralista de mulher, algo que é compatível com a tese de que não há uma essência feminina, e de que o lugar da mulher na sociedade é definido por práticas culturais e não pelo seu sexo biológico.
Precisão da fala em nomeação de figuras após formação de classes de equivalência em crianças com implante coclear
Authors: Verdu Ana Claudia Moreira Almeida , Gomes Fernanda Piqueira
Published: May 2018

Este estudo verificou se a formação de equivalência compostas por palavra ditada, palavra escrita e figura, em dois meninos com deficiência auditiva e implante coclear (6 a 7 anos) teria efeitos sobre a melhora da correspondência de suas falas em tarefas de nomeação de figuras e de leitura de palavras. O repertório de falar, quando controlado por uma figura (nomeação) era menos inteligível do que falar controlado pela palavra impressa (leitura). O procedimento ensinou relações entre palavras ditadas, palavras impressas e figuras e entre sílabas ditadas e sílabas impressas com dois conjuntos de três palavras, com pseudopalavras para um participante e com palavras conhecidas para outro. Foram conduzidos testes de formação de classes ao final do ensino de cada conjunto e os repertórios de nomeação e de leitura foram avaliados após cada uma das etapas de ensino e teste. Os participantes aprenderam as relações condicionais ensinadas, demonstraram formação de classes de equivalência e melhoraram a fala tanto em nomeação quanto em leitura. Estes dados replicam estudos anteriores sobre a interdependência entre operantes verbais após formação de classes de equivalência.
Comparando o efeito dos procedimentos de pareamento ao modelo simultâneo e atrasado com resposta construída no ensino de leitura e produção de sentenças
Authors: Bandeira Taynan Marques , De Assis Grauben José Alves , De Souza Carlos Barbosa Alves
Published: May 2018

O procedimento de pareamento ao modelo com resposta construída tem sido usado no ensino de leitura de palavras. A resposta é construída com a seleção dos componentes individuais, apresentados como estímulos-comparação, condicionalmente ao estímulo-modelo. Pode ser construída simultaneamente à presença do modelo ou com atraso, após sua apresentação e remoção. O presente estudo verificou o efeito dos treinos da resposta construída na presença e ausência do modelo, nos repertórios de produção e leitura de sentenças. Participaram sete crianças com repertório mínimo de discriminação sílabas/palavras, que não leram ou construíram as 32 sentenças do estudo. Antes do ensino das sentenças, cada participante foi exposto ao ensino das palavras que tiveram erros de leitura do Pré-teste inicial. Com um delineamento de sujeito único com tratamento alternado, todos foram submetidos aos dois treinos, com dois conjuntos diferentes de sentenças. Os dados mostraram que todos os participantes aprenderam a construir sentenças, mantiveram esse desempenho nos dois treinos, e demonstraram o responder textual e leitura com compreensão das sentenças. A diferença de acertos entre os procedimentos não ultrapassou 20%. Discutiram-se variáveis importantes na utilização desses treinos e direções para estudos futuros.
Treino de comportamentos de intimidade para terapeutas em processo de formação em Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional
Authors: De Almeida Mariana Sampaio , Runnacles Angela De Loyola e Silva , Da Silveira Jocelaine Martins
Published: May 2018

O presente estudo verifica os efeitos de um treino de comportamentos de intimidade no repertório comportamental de terapeutas em formação. O método consiste na aplicação de um treino, com duração de cinco horas, ministrado por uma terapeuta com experiência no ensino da FAP. Os participantes são seis graduandos de Psicologia de uma Universidade. O treino é programado e avaliado quanto ao desenvolvimento de comportamentos ligados ao “saber que” e ao “saber como”. A análise dos dados consiste na avaliação de medidas pré-treino e pós-treino, nas quais os participantes descrevem comportamentos de intimidade que um terapeuta FAP pode emitir no contexto terapêutico e participam de um cenário de role-playing de um contexto terapêutico, no qual recebem a tarefa de emitir comportamentos de intimidade. Os resultados indicam que o treino promove melhoras na emissão de comportamentos ligados ao “saber que”. Alguma melhora nos comportamentos ligados ao “saber como” é obtida, especialmente no comportamento de dirigir ações sob controle das variáveis relevantes do aqui/agora da sessão, ainda que não de maneira satisfatória. A replicação do treino é encorajada com a utilização de diferentes métodos de avaliação. Os métodos de avaliação de resultados de treinos de terapeutas FAP são discutidos e são fornecidas algumas diretrizes para estudos futuros.
Contingências sociais que dificultam o engajamento do professor universitário em relações de qualidade com seus alunos
Authors: Vieira-Santos Joene , Henklain Marcelo Henrique Oliveira
Published: May 2018

O principal papel do professor é promover a aprendizagem dos alunos, tarefa esta bastante desa adora e que envolve vários fatores, entre eles a relação professor-aluno. A qua- lidade desta relação tem sido objeto de diversas investigações cientí cas que demonstram sua relevância para o aprendizado do discente. A pergunta que surge é se as contingências relacio- nadas ao trabalho do professor favorecem o engajamento deste em relações de qualidade com seus alunos. Neste ensaio buscamos identi car algumas contingências envolvidas no trabalho de professores universitários que parecem di cultar a aquisição e manutenção do compor- tamento de estabelecer relações de qualidade com os alunos. Nós analisamos contingências relacionadas à administração do tempo, habilidades sociais educativas do docente, postura do aluno diante do professor, con itos existentes entre professor e alunos, aspectos institucionais existentes no contexto acadêmico, dé cit de discriminação do efeito do desempenho docente sobre o comportamento dos alunos e políticas públicas relacionadas à educação no nível superior. Esperamos que a re exão apresentada auxilie e incentive o processo de estabelecer a qualidade da relação professor-aluno como um valor a ser perseguido por alunos, professo- res, administradores educacionais e por políticas públicas, contribuindo para o fomento das mudanças necessárias para uma educação de qualidade para todos.
Acompanhamento Terapêutico e Análise do Comportamento: Avanços e problemáticas nas definições deste fazer
Authors: Beltramello Otávio , Kienen Nádia
Published: May 2018

Embora o fazer Acompanhamento Terapêutico tenha sua importância reconhecida na Psicologia e na Análise do Comportamento, não há consenso quanto às classes de comportamentos constituintes desse fazer e que têm sido utilizadas para defini-lo. Esta reflexão teórica objetivou caracterizar de forma crítica contribuições da Psicologia e da Análise do Comportamento para a definição do Acompanhamento Terapêutico, além de propor que a Análise do Comportamento e a Programação de Ensino possuem recursos teórico-conceituais e tecnológicos para contribuir com essa definição. A partir da análise da literatura, verificou-se que o Acompanhamento Terapêutico tem sido definido por meio do uso de metáforas e como um serviço necessariamente subordinado ao trabalho do psicólogo clínico, apesar de contribuições da Modificação de Comportamento, da Terapia Comportamental e da Análise Aplicada do Comportamento. Defende-se que a Análise do Comportamento e a Programação de Ensino possuem recursos para contribuir com uma definição mais precisa do fazer Acompanhamento Terapêutico na Psicologia, por meio da caracterização e sistematização das classes de comportamentos definidoras desse fazer a partir de seus diferentes graus de abrangência.
Deconstructing psychological therapies as activities in context: What are the goals and what do therapists actually do?
Authors: Guerin Bernard
Published: May 2018

Accounts of 19 psychological therapies were analyzed to extract their goals and activities, collated from first- and second-hand accounts and DVDs. Stripped of the theories and all jargon, the diverse-looking therapy systems converged, and the goals and activities could be analyzed into five functional groups: forming a relationship with someone who is a stranger; solving smaller life conflicts in ways which can be done within a clinical setting; the therapist acting as an audience to train new behaviors; sampling the clients’ discourses about their life conflicts; and the therapist acting as an audience to shape these discourses to change the broader life events. These functions were placed in the historical and sociological contexts of therapies arising in the late 1800s, when major life changes began for people in western modernity due to the increases in stranger or contractual social relationships from capitalism and neo-liberalism. For example, much of the therapy process is determined by the (neo-liberal) clinical environment, such as the therapist usually staying within the clinic and engaging clients only for a short time, and dealing with someone who is only in a contractual relationship to the therapist. It was also suggested that these features have probably led to the current emphasis on shaping verbal behaviors (cognitive therapies) through the therapistas-audience. A comparison to the activities within social work showed that there was a large overlap but social work did more outside the contractual relationships and engaged with the clients’ worlds much more.