bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved PID rate control of a quadrotor with a convexity-based surrogated model
Authors: Kaba Aziz
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop, extend and propose an improved proportional integral derivative (PID) rate control of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle based on a convexity-based surrogated firefly algorithm.

Design/methodology/approach

An improved PID controller structure is proposed for the rate dynamics of the quadrotor. Optimality of the controller is ensured by a recent, simple yet efficient firefly optimization method. The hybrid structure is further enhanced with a convexity-based surrogated model function.

Findings

Monte Carlo, transient response, error metrics and histogram distribution analyzes are conducted to show the performance of the proposed controller. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated under various convex combination values to further investigate the effect of the proposed surrogated model. According to the results, the proposed method is capable of controlling the rate quadrotor dynamics with the steady-state error of 0.0023 (rad/s) for P, −0.0024 (rad/s) for Q and 0 (rad/s) for the R state, respectively. Also, the least mean objective value is achieved at = 0 value of convexity in Monte Carlo trials.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper is to propose an improved PID rate controller with a convexity-based surrogated firefly algorithm.
A moderated mediation study of consumer extrinsic motivation and CSR beliefs towards organic drinking products in an emerging economy
Authors: Dang Van Thac , Wang Jianming , Nguyen Hoang Viet , Nguyen Quang Huy , Nguyen Ninh
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Previous research has yielded mixed results on the relationship between consumer perception and purchase intention towards organic food products. Although the prior literature has widely applied planned behaviour theory, using a single theoretical approach often provides limited understanding of organic food consumption. This study builds upon consumer perception and social cognitive theories to examine the effects of perceived food healthiness and environmental consciousness on the purchase intention of organic drinking products. The current research also assesses the mediating role of consumer extrinsic motivation and moderating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) beliefs in these effects.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey method was applied to collect data from 606 consumers from different food retailers in Vietnam. Data were analysed using multivariate analysis techniques, such as structural equation modelling and bootstrap analysis.

Findings

Results of hypothesis testing support the predictive ability of perception and social cognitive theories in explaining consumers' perceptions, motivation and behavioural intention towards organic drinking products. Furthermore, results provide evidence for the moderating effect of CSR beliefs on the relationship between consumer extrinsic motivation and purchase intention.

Originality/value

This study may be amongst the first that explains consumption of organic drinking products from the perspectives of consumer perception and social cognitive theories. It provides a unique research model that explains the influence of perceived food healthiness and environmental consciousness on purchase intention of organic drinking products with the mediating role of consumer extrinsic motivation and moderating role of CSR beliefs. The current research provides fresh insights into the consumption of organic drinking products in an emerging market based on a mediated moderation mechanism, which has been limited in the prior literature.
Relational cultivation strategies and community building on Fortune 500 company corporate blogs
Authors: Ertem-Eray Tugce , Ki Eyun-Jung
Published: August 2021

Purpose

As the number of corporate blogs has continued to increase over the years, this study examines the use of relationship cultivation strategies of Fortune 500 companies on their corporate blogs. Moreover, it focuses on how companies use corporate blogs as interactive online communication channels to create a sense of community among their publics.

Design/methodology/approach

A content analysis of Fortune 500 company corporate blogs was conducted to examine the use of relational cultivation strategies and their methods of promoting a sense of community.

Findings

Findings indicate that networking and sharing tasks are used most frequently among all relational cultivation strategies on corporate blogs, and that there are statistically significant differences among industries for using relationship cultivation strategies on corporate blogs. The most frequently used dimension of sense of community on corporate blogs is shared emotional connection.

Originality/value

Studies analyzing social media as public relations tools have not yet focused on community building. In fact, few studies have examined the community building aspect of corporate blogs in the public relations field. To fill this gap, this study focuses on community building and analyzes how companies use corporate blogs as an interactive online communication channel to create a sense of community among their publics.
A self-powered ultra-low-power intermittent-control SSHI circuit for piezoelectric energy harvesting
Authors: Wang Guoda , Li Ping , Wen Yumei , Luo Zhichun
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Existing control circuits for piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) suffers from long startup time or high power consumption. This paper aims to design an ultra-low power control circuit that can harvest weak ambient vibrational energy on the order of several microwatts to power heavy loads such as wireless sensors.

Design/methodology/approach

A self-powered control circuit is proposed, functioning for very brief periods at the maximum power point, resulting in a low duty cycle. The circuit can start to function at low input power thresholds and can promptly achieve optimal operating conditions when cold-starting. The circuit is designed to be able to operate without stable DC power supply and powered by the piezoelectric transducers.

Findings

When using the series-synchronized switch harvesting on inductor circuit with a large 1 mF energy storage capacitor, the proposed circuit can perform 322% better than the standard energy harvesting circuit in terms of energy harvested. This control circuit can also achieve an ultra-low consumption of 0.3 µW, as well as capable of cold-starting with input power as low as 5.78 µW.

Originality/value

The intermittent control strategy proposed in this paper can drastically reduce power consumption of the control circuit. Without dedicated cold-start modules and DC auxiliary supply, the circuit can achieve optimal efficiency within one input cycle, if the input signal is larger than voltage threshold. The proposed control strategy is especially favorable for harvesting energy from natural vibrations and can be a promising solution for other PEH circuits as well.
Risk, crisis and disaster management in hospitality and tourism: a comparative review
Authors: Ritchie Brent W. , Jiang Yawei
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to summarize the current state of research on risk, crisis and disaster management in the generic field, and in tourism and hospitality. It identifies key themes and compares the main topics studied in both the tourism and hospitality management and marketing literature.

Design/methodology/approach

A narrative (thematic) review and synthesis was completed based on articles published in the top 20 tourism and hospitality management journals from 2011 to March 2021. A review was conducted of the generic literature from 2016 to 2020.

Findings

From 210 papers reviewed, only 47 are in the hospitality field. The authors found that 80% of papers were empirical with slightly more quantitative papers produced. The majority of the papers focused on crises. Three key themes were found from the review and future research proposed to address gaps based on these findings and a review of 26 papers from the generic risk, crisis and disaster management field.

Practical implications

Research is required into planning and preparedness, not just response and recovery to crises and disasters. Future research should consider hospitality rather than tourism, particularly focusing attention outside of the accommodation sector. Hospitality studies also need to go beyond the micro-organizational level to include more meso- and macro-level studies.

Originality/value

The review provides a number of future research directions for tourism and hospitality research in the field. The paper provides a comprehensive multi-dimensional framework to synthesize studies and identifies research gaps. It also provides recommendations on methodologies required to progress these research directions. Research in this field is likely to grow because of the impact of COVID-19.
Human rights education in palliative care – an evaluation of a national training programme
Authors: Graves Jacqueline , Boyal Amunpreet , Shields Tracey , Newham Roger , Hewison Alistair , Terry Louise
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to report findings of a service evaluation using a human rights-based approach in the training and education of staff in palliative settings.

Design/methodology/approach

A non-randomly sampled, uncontrolled, pre- and post-test design. Data was collected at three points over a six-month period during the period April 2017 to September 2019. As a service evaluation no ethical approval was required. Consent was implied by self-completion and submission of questionnaires. In total, 1,402 people attended the training, 480 completed pre- and post-training questionnaires (146 completed the questionnaire at six months), with 86 completing a questionnaire at all three data collection points.

Findings

Findings show increased levels of self-reported knowledge and confidence at two weeks and six months post-training. Implementing human rights in the workplace is complex. Difficulties maintaining knowledge and keeping up to date with changes in legislation and traditional ways of working were cited as barriers to service users’ human rights.

Research limitations/implications

More evaluation is required to ensure the positive elements in this evaluation can be applied more widely.

Practical implications

Human rights education has a contribution to make in supporting staff to manage the challenges involved. It may also increase the complexity of decision-making. Training needs to incorporate systems wide approaches and its benefits measured.

Social implications

The aim was to provide staff with the knowledge to make objective and proportionate decisions about personalised care. The assumption was this would help improve the experience of end of life care.

Originality/value

This is the first evaluation in the UK that we are aware of that has examined the impact of human rights education on end of life care.
Pervasive underwater passive target tracking for the computation of standard deviation solution in a 3D environment
Authors: Kavitha Lakshmi M. , Koteswara Rao S. , Subrahmanyam Kodukula
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Nowadays advancement in acoustic technology can be explored with marine assets. The purpose of the paper is pervasive computing underwater target tracking has aroused military and civilian interest as a key component of ocean exploration. While many pervasive techniques are currently found in the literature, there is little published research on the effectiveness of these paradigms in the target tracking context.

Design/methodology/approach

The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) provides good results for bearing and elevation angles only tracking. Detailed methodology and mathematical modeling are carried out and used to analyze the performance of the filter based on the Monte Carlo simulation.

Findings

Due to the intricacy of maritime surroundings, tracking underwater targets using acoustic signals, without knowing the range parameter is difficult. The intention is to find out the solution in terms of standard deviation in a three-dimensional (3D) space.

Originality/value

A new method is found for the acceptance criteria for range, course, speed and pitch based on the standard deviation for bearing and elevation 3D target tracking using the unscented Kalman filter covariance matrix. In the Monte Carlo simulation, several scenarios are used and the results are shown.
A qualitative exploration of young people and prison officers’ experiences of empathy within a young offenders’ institution
Authors: Tarrant Emily Anne , Torn Alison
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study aims to explore the ways in which young people and prison staff (Prison Officers) within a youth custodial establishment experience empathy. Previous research tends to view empathy as a stable trait and one which people can develop through individual-centred therapy. There has been little consideration of the impact of relationship factors and context in relation to empathy experience and expression. The current study aims to address this by exploring the role of the custodial context in shaping empathy, including the potential impact of relationships, environmental factors and culture.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach was used to enable breadth and depth in the exploration of this area. Individual, semi-structured interviews were carried out with a purposive sample of three young people and three Prison Officers. Data was analysed using inductive thematic analysis informed by the guidelines of Braun and Clarke (2006) and King and Horrocks (2010).

Findings

Constructed themes included “constructions of empathy”, “recipe for empathy”, “institutional investment”, “the value of empathy” and “doing empathy”. Together, they provide detailed insight into the interplay of personal and wider contextual factors influencing the experience of empathy in a custodial setting. The findings suggest that the way in which young people and staff experience empathy in the custodial environment is unique. The findings suggest that empathy takes place within the context of relationships and is influenced by the nature of those relationships, along with the wider social context within which it occurs.

Practical implications

The findings of the current study support a move away from understanding empathy as an individual personality trait and instead viewing it as a dynamic experience that is changeable based upon the relationship and the context within which it occurs. The findings suggest that interventions aiming to develop empathy should look beyond the level of the individual and the relationship and focus upon developing environments that are supportive of empathy.

Originality/value

This study provides unique insights into the subjective experience of empathy in a custodial setting, presenting as one of the first to take a more holistic approach to understand this phenomenon.
Substance use, mental health, chronic medical conditions and criminal justice contact in a nationally representative sample
Authors: Kopak Albert
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The amount of overlap between criminal justice practices and public health is growing and more research is needed to guide new initiatives. This study was designed to assess the relationships between various chronic medical conditions, substance use severity, mental health indicators and criminal justice contact using the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Design/methodology/approach

Analyses were conducted in three stages to comprehensively examine the relationships between various indicators of physical health, mental health, substance use severity and criminal justice contact.

Findings

Results demonstrate indicators of substance use severity surpass physical and mental health conditions as stronger determinants of any criminal justice contact, as well as repeated interactions with police. In addition, combinations of multiple conditions increase the likelihood of criminal justice involvement, but substance use remains a consistent factor contributing to the strongest associations. These findings highlight the importance of capitalizing on the initial point of criminal justice contact to address substance use to prevent further and subsequent involvement in the system.

Research limitations/implications

Criminal justice initiatives based on least harm solutions require evidence to support public health-oriented approaches. The unique approach to examining the intersection of criminal justice practices and health provided in this study can be used to inform alternates to arrest.

Practical implications

The least harmful practices should be adopted to address health conditions at the time of criminal justice contact. These practices should focus heavily on injection drug use as a primary factor associated with the prior arrest. Practices designed to divert arrestees with health conditions away from jails are needed. Law enforcement practices can significantly benefit from public health-oriented approaches.

Originality/value

Criminal justice initiatives based on least harm solutions require evidence to support public health-oriented approaches. The unique approach to examining the intersection of criminal justice practices and health provided in this study can be used to inform alternates to arrest.
Artificial intelligence applied to investment in variable income through the MACD (moving average convergence/divergence) indicator
Authors: Agudelo Aguirre Alberto Antonio , Duque Méndez Néstor Darío , Rojas Medina Ricardo Alfredo
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study aims to determine whether, by means of the application of genetic algorithms (GA) through the traditional technical analysis (TA) using moving average convergence/divergence (MACD), is possible to achieve higher yields than those that would be obtained using technical analysis investment strategies following a traditional approach (TA) and the buy and hold (B&H) strategy.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was carried out based on the daily price records of the NASDAQ financial asset during 2013–2017. TA approach was carried out under graphical analysis applying the standard MACD. GA approach took place by chromosome encoding, fitness evaluation and genetic operators. Traditional genetic operators (i.e. crossover and mutation) were adopted as based on the chromosome customization and fitness evaluation. The chromosome encoding stage used MACD to represent the genes of each chromosome to encode the parameters of MACD in a chromosome. For each chromosome, buy and sell indexes of the strategy were considered. Fitness evaluation served to defining the evaluation strategy of the chromosomes in the population according to the fitness function using the returns gained in each chromosome.

Findings

The paper provides empirical-theoretical insights about the effectiveness of GA to overcome the investment strategies based on MACD and B&H by achieving 5 and 11% higher returns per year, respectively. GA-based approach was additionally capable of improving the return-to-risk ratio of the investment.

Research limitations/implications

Limitations deal with the fact that the study was carried out on US markets conditions and data which hamper its application in some extend to markets with not as much development.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that not only skilled but also amateur investors may opt for investment strategies based on GA aiming at refining profitable financial signals to their advantage.

Originality/value

This paper looks at machine learning as an up-to-date tool with great potential for increasing effectiveness in profits when applied into TA investment approaches using MACD in well-developed stock markets.
Co-creative service design for online businesses in post-COVID-19
Authors: Shamim Amjad , Siddique Junaid , Noor Uzma , Hassan Rohail
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This study aims to explore the customers’ behaviour towards online shopping during COVID-19 in a Muslim country and proposes a co-creative service design for online businesses (webstore) in the post-COVID-19 era.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used a qualitative design for collecting the data where in-depth interviews from 18 customers were conducted following the qualitative design protocol. Due to the limitation of physical distancing, the interviews were conducted online using Microsoft teams.

Findings

Based on the findings, new potential services are proposed for webstores for customer engagement, the need for expansion of product lines and safety measures for customers and staff during and post-COVID-19 era. Following the findings, a co-creative service design is proposed for webstores to revamp the business during and post-COVID-19.

Originality/value

The study is unique because it has developed various unique strategic factors essential for revamping online businesses for better growth in post-COVID-19. The proposed new co-creative service design model for an online service provider is expected to create customers engagement and loyalty during and in post-COVID-19.
Organizational forgetting in local governments: a study from rural India
Authors: Bagchi Soumyabrato , Chakrabarti Bhaskar
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to develop a theory of organizational forgetting in the context of local governments from the paradigmatic lens of existing research orchestrated in management literature. The paper empirically explores how and why local governments forget and discusses the role of local politics in promoting memory loss in organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors do an ethnographic study in a Village Panchayat, the lowest tier of the local government in rural India, in West Bengal, a state in eastern India. Data are collected through participant observation and informal interviews.

Findings

The paper argues that the existing framework on modes of organizational forgetting developed in the management literature is not sufficient in understanding the types of knowledge loss that occur in local governments. It shows that as a consequence of “memory decay” and “failure to capture,” local governments involuntary lose past knowledge and critical sources of expertise. The study also acknowledges the role of politics in deliberately endorsing organizational forgetting in local governments to eliminate failure and ethical lapses of elected representatives.

Originality/value

By exploring the phenomenon of organizational forgetting in local governments in the context of grassroots politics, this paper contributes to the ongoing discussion of organizational forgetting in a hitherto understudied area of how, and under what circumstances, public organizations such as local governments undergo forgetting, unlearning or loss of knowledge.
Do emotionally intelligent female employees perform better on the job? A serial mediation model
Authors: Nanda Mahima , Randhawa Gurpreet
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The paper aims to examine the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction in the emotional intelligence (EI) and job performance (JP) relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The data have been collected using a structured questionnaire from 527 females working in education, health and IT/BPO sectors across three cities of Punjab, India. A serial multiple-mediated regression has been used to estimate EI's direct and indirect effects on JP mediated through emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction.

Findings

The findings reveal that EI has an indirect positive effect on JP through its influence on emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction in serial. The results also suggest that the control variables (namely age, qualification, experience and income) have a limited effect on EI, JP, emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction of female employees.

Practical implications

The present study asserts that organizations should seek employees with high EI to have high employee performance. The study assists supervisors and human resource (HR) managers in their different functions like recruitment and selection decisions, training and development activities, and designing high-performance work systems. Enhanced EI will improve mental health and well-being, which further drives positive work behaviors.

Originality/value

This study attempts to examine the EI–JP relationship for working females in more depth. Since the study is based on an Indian sample, it adds to the growing literature on EI and JP of females in the context of non-Western countries. The results are of great value to HR managers and practitioners who aim to develop practices that would increase the performance of females in the workplace.
Choice, voice and collaboration: using preference accommodation and feedback in trauma therapy
Authors: Mahon Daryl
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Organisations are increasingly understanding the need to be trauma informed. However, how trauma therapies in such organisations apply the principles of choice and collaboration is less understood. The present paper applies two trans-theoretical methods for involving clients in their therapy through preference accommodation and feedback-informed treatment (FIT). A case vignette is provided demonstrating how to involve clients in trauma therapy by listening to their preferences, needs and by providing them with a voice on their experience of the process and outcome of care.

Design/methodology/approach

A focused review of the literature was conducted, with relevant randomised control trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses sourced. The resulting information informed the design and this model for working with those in trauma therapy.

Findings

The research regarding trauma-specific therapies being more effective is far from conclusive. At the same time, early attrition and negative outcomes make up a large percentage of those seeking therapy. Using preference accommodation and FIT is one possibly way to mitigate against these experiences in therapy and to provide choice, preference and collaboration consisting with the principles of trauma-informed approaches.

Research limitations/implications

Methods to improve the experiences of those seeking trauma therapy have been identified and discussed. According to the author’s knowledge, this is the first known paper aligning trauma therapy and trauma-informed approaches with preference accommodation and FIT. Future empirical studies may wish to examine the relative effectiveness of this approach.

Practical implications

Methods to improve outcomes for those seeking trauma therapy are at the disposal of practitioners. Improving outcomes, while also providing choice, voice and collaboration is a clinical setting.

Originality/value

This is a novel paper adding to value and extending how practitioners can use principles of trauma-informed approaches within trauma therapy.
Remarkable lives: Zoe Riley in conversation with Jerome Carson
Authors: Riley Zoe , Carson Jerome
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide a profile of Zoe Riley.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a case study approach, Zoe provides an account of her background and is then interviewed by Jerome.

Findings

Zoe’s account reveals a remarkable resilience developed through adversity but nurtured by the love of her grandparents.

Research limitations/implications

Mental illness surrounded Zoe when she was growing up. Her own mother experienced years of distress. Her grandfather effectively was her father. Despite the childhood adversity and her own teenage problems, she came through it all. These are the stories you read about in textbooks.

Practical implications

Zoe reminds us that people in distress want to find connection. They do not want us sitting there writing notes and not even looking at them!

Social implications

The authors talk about “wounded healers”. Dr Glenn Roberts said that his own bouts of depression made it easier for him to sit with people in similar turmoil. The value of peer support has been underrated by many.

Originality/value

It is of course a truism to say that everyone’s journey of recovery is unique. The author knows Zoe has already touched the lives of many people. The author is sure she has so much more to contribute.
Conversations across the table: shared cognition in top management teams
Authors: Evans Marian
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the shared mental models (SMMs) of a top management team (TMT) using an emergent perspective in conditions of uncertainty. The paper examines how a TMT conversation represents an emergent cognitive process to reach an action for future planning.

Design/methodology/approach

The design uses an emergent SMM approach based on a TMT discussion in an uncertain context. Cognitive mapping techniques illustrate how concepts emerge and are structured. This approach addresses the need for an alternative to aggregate mapping methods and supports the notion of team cognition as an emergent and dynamic process.

Findings

Findings showed that the emergence of a SMM could be elicited and represented using cognitive mapping techniques. Domain knowledge and social relationships supported the emergence of shared knowledge relevant for action on team tasks. A SMM based on team contribution and concept connectivity was identified.

Research limitations/implications

The study is based on data collected from a recorded discussion in a quarterly company meeting, ten days before the UK’s original planned exit date, March 2019.

Originality/value

This research study contributes to the SMM and team cognition literature streams by examining the TMT’s shared understanding as an emergent process. Empirical studies using cognitive mapping techniques in this context are rare.
Sex tourism in an era of globalisation, harm reduction and disease migration: a new conceptual model
Authors: Hillis Alyson , Leavey Conan , Kewley Stephanie , Van Hout Marie Claire
Published: August 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to contribute to sex tourism literature by placing it into a contemporary context of globalisation, harm reduction and disease migration.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper takes a public health and social science approach to map sex tourism, drawing on sex worker and tourist situations alongside global forces including technology, human rights, law enforcement and health.

Findings

A new, holistic conceptual model is presented, containing interacting, multi level associations. Whilst the separate micro, contextual, meso and macro levels are versatile, decision makers and practitioners will be equipped to understand sex tourism in its entirety.

Originality/value

The paper’s originality is found in the proposed conceptual model.
Green machining using graphene-based self-lubricating cutting tool – a preliminary investigation
Authors: M. Amrita , Revuru Rukmini Srikant , Chatti Sreeram , Moram Sree Satya Bharati Sri Satya , Byram Chandu , Soma Venugopal Rao
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Ti6Al4V is a commonly used titanium alloy with several applications in aerospace industry due to its excellent strength to weight ratio. But due to low thermal conductivity, it is categorized as “difficult to machine.” Though machinability can be improved with cutting fluids, it is not preferred due to associated problems. This study aims at eliminating the use of cutting fluid and finding an alternate solution to dry machining of Ti6Al4V. AlTiN coated tools provide good heat and oxidation resistance but have low lubricity. In the present work, graphene, which is known for lubricating properties, is added to the tools using five different methods (tool condition) to form graphene self-lubricated cutting tools.

Design/methodology/approach

Graphene-based self-lubricating tools are prepared by using five methods: dip coating (10 dips and 30 dips); drop casting; and filling of micro/macroholes. Performance of these tools is evaluated in terms of cutting forces, surface roughness and tool wear by machining Ti6Al4V and comparing with conventional coated cutting tool.

Findings

Self-lubricating tool with micro holes filled with graphene outperformed other tools and showed maximum decrease of 33.42% in resultant cutting forces, 35% in surface roughness (Ra) and 30% in flank wear compared to conventional cutting tool.

Originality/value

Analysis of variance for all forces show that tool condition and machining time have significant influence on all components of cutting forces and resultant cutting forces.
Economic Wellbeing
Authors: Wilkins Roger
Published: August 2021

Over its 21 years, the HILDA Survey has assembled an unrivalled array of data on the economic wellbeing of the Australian population. This review summarises the main themes of the published research using this data.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass as a source of next‐generation food preservatives: Evaluating potential proteins as a source of antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Pereira Patricia R. , Freitas Cyntia S. , Paschoalin Vania M. F.
Published: August 2021

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the main biotechnological tool for the production of Baker's or Brewer's biomasses, largely applied in beverage and fermented‐food production. Through its gene expression reprogramming and production of compounds that inactivate the growth of other microorganisms, S. cerevisiae is able to grow in adverse environments and in complex microbial consortia, as in fruit pulps and root flour fermentations. The distinct set of up‐regulated genes throughout yeast biomass propagation includes those involved in sugar fermentation, ethanol metabolization, and in protective responses against abiotic stresses. These high abundant proteins are precursors of several peptides with promising health‐beneficial activities such as antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, anti‐obesity, antidiabetes, and mitogenic properties. An in silico investigation of these S. cerevisiae derived peptides produced during yeast biomass propagation or induced by physicochemical treatments were performed using four algorithms to predict antimicrobial candidates encrypted in abundantly expressed stress‐related proteins encoded by different genes like AHP1, TSA1, HSP26, SOD1, HSP10, and UTR2, or metabolic enzymes involved in carbon source utilization, like ENO1/2, TDH1/2/3, ADH1/2, FBA1, and PDC1. Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase and enolase II are noteworthy precursor proteins, since they exhibited the highest scores concerning the release of antimicrobial peptide candidates. Considering the set of genes upregulated during biomass propagation, we conclude that S. cerevisiae biomass, a food‐grade product consumed and marketed worldwide, should be considered a safe and nonseasonal source for designing next‐generation bioactive agents, especially protein encrypting antimicrobial peptides that display broad spectra activity and could reduce the emergence of microbial resistance while also avoiding cytotoxicity.
Dietary N‐epsilon‐carboxymethyllysine as for a major glycotoxin in foods: A review
Authors: Chen Gengjun
Published: August 2021

N‐epsilon‐carboxymethyllysine (CML), as a potential glycotoxin and general marker for dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGEs), exists in raw food and is formed via various formation routes in food processing such as Maillard reaction between the reducing sugars and amino acids. Although comprehensive cause‐effect proof is not available yet, current research suggests a potential risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes is associated with exogenous CML. Thus, CML is causing public health concerns regarding its dietary exposure, but there is a lack of explicit guidance for understanding if it is detrimental to human health. In this review, inconsistent results of dietary CML contributed to chronic disease are discussed, available concentrations of CML in consumed foods are evaluated, measurements for dietary CML and relevant analytic procedures are listed, and the possible mitigation strategies for protecting against CML formation are presented. Finally, the main challenges and future efforts are highlighted. Further studies are needed to extend the dietary CML database in a wide category of foods, apply new identifying methods, elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms, assess its detrimental role in human health, and propose standard guidelines for processed food.
Effects of content trimming iPhone 12 Pro Max video files in iOS 14
Authors: Koenig Bruce E. , Lacey Douglas S.
Published: August 2021

In this audio/video authenticity research project, 44 original MOV files were produced on an Apple iPhone 12 Pro Max mobile device, running the iOS 14.2.1 operating system, in all available video formats and at four different nominal recording lengths. Each of the original files was then trimmed, using the Apple Photos app, in three different ways: deleting a portion of the beginning, a portion of the end, and portions of both the beginning and end. These 176 original and trimmed files were transferred to a laboratory computer and the footer and other metadata were analyzed with a hex editor. This analysis revealed that the trimmed recordings could be differentiated from the originals; that the iPhone model and the iOS operating system version could be identified; that important recording dates and times can be determined; and that the type of trimming, in some cases, could be determined.
Effects of mobile mindfulness on emergency department work stress: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Xu Hui (Grace) , Eley Robert , Kynoch Kathryn , Tuckett Anthony
Published: August 2021

Objective

High‐occupational stress among ED staff has a detrimental impact on both staff wellness and patient care. The objective of the study is to determine whether 4 weeks of smartphone app‐guided mindfulness practice reduces stress levels of ED staff.

Methods

This two‐arm randomised controlled trial was conducted in two Australian EDs in 2019–2020. Eligible participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to either an App group or a Wait to Treat group to practice daily 10 min app‐guided mindfulness for 4 weeks. Online surveys were collected for both groups at three time periods: before (T1), immediately after (T2) and 3 months after cessation (T3). Then the Wait to Treat group received the same intervention, followed by surveys immediately after the intervention (T4) and 3 months later (T5). Primary outcome was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale. Secondary outcomes were measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (three subscales: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale and Warwick‐Edinburgh Mental Well‐being Scale. Both intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analysis were performed. Repeated measurement data were analysed by the linear mixed model.

Results

Of 148 enrolled participants 98 completed all the surveys, but only half (48%) reported continuous use of the app. Based on the results of the intention‐to‐treat analysis, there was a statistically significant improvement of perceived stress levels (F = 15.70, P < 0.001), all three components of burnout (emotional exhaustion [F = 14.22, P < 0.001], depersonalisation [F = 3.62, P = 0.030], personal accomplishment [F = 7.51, P < 0.001]), mindfulness (F = 8.83, P < 0.001) and wellbeing levels (F = 10.71, P < 0.001) from pre‐intervention to 3 months later with small effect sizes.

Conclusion

Results of the present study demonstrate that brief mindfulness training via innovative digital technology had a small positive effect in improving emergency staff stress, burnout, mindfulness and wellbeing.
Renal replacement therapy for critically ill patients with COVID‐19‐associated acute kidney injury: A review of current knowledge
Authors: Shemies Rasha Samir , Nagy Eman , Younis Dalia , Sheashaa Hussein
Published: August 2021

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic. A significant proportion of COVID‐19 patients develops severe symptoms, which may include acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute kidney injury as manifestations of multi‐organ failure. Acute kidney injury (AKI) necessitating renal replacement therapy (RRT) is increasingly prevalent among critically ill patients with COVID‐19. However, few studies have focused on AKI treated with RRT. Many questions are awaiting answers as regards AKI in the setting of COVID‐19; whether patients with COVID‐19 commonly develop AKI, what are the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms? What is the best evidence regarding treatment approaches? Identification of the potential indications and the preferred modalities of RRT in this context, is based mainly on clinical experience. Here, we review the current approaches of RRT, required for management of critically ill patients with COVID‐19 complicated by severe AKI as well as the precautions that should be adopted by health care providers in dealing with these cases. Electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus scientific databases. We searched the terms relevant to this review to identify the relevant studies. We also searched the conference proceedings and ClinicalTrials.gov database.
Peat Accumulation and Early Carboniferous Environments of the Kizel Coal Basin, the Urals, Russia
Authors: NAUGOLNYKH Serge V.
Published: August 2021

The lithological and geochemical composition and conditions of formation of the coal‐bearing deposits of the Kizel Coal Basin in the Perm region of the Urals (central Russia) are described using the two most representative sections, Gubakha–Stary Most and Krestovaya Mountain, based on a detailed “layer‐by‐layer” technique. Brief characteristics of the Lower Carboniferous paleosols from fossil paleosol (FPS‐) profiles of the studied region are given. Special attention is paid to the parent vegetation of the coal‐forming processes, based on an analysis of both plant macrofossils and palynoflora. The peat accumulation in conditions of permanent incoming of clastic material from the Paleo‐Urals to the Kizel Basin was probably effective only in more or less stable environments, when the accumulated organic matter produced by plant mortmass was not dissolved by clastic particles. Thus, the conditions of coal‐forming are reconstructed as a forest swamp, where the main dominants are represented by lycopodiopsids of the order Lepidodendrales, predominantly Lepidodendron veltheimii. These plants in particular were the source of the initial organic matter for the peat (and later coal) of the Kizel Coal Basin.
Geochemical and Boron Isotopic Evidence that Tourmaline Records Country Rock Assimilation of Leucogranites in the Himalayan Orogen
Authors: HU Guyue , GAO Li'e , ZENG Lingsen , LI Yike
Published: August 2021

Tourmaline geochemical and boron (B) isotopic compositions in two‐mica granites (TMG), tourmaline‐bearing leucogranites (Tou‐LG), tourmalites and metapelites from the Gyirong–Malashan areas of the Himalayan orogen provide evidence for country rock assimilation during the intrusion of Himalayan leucogranite. The schorls in Gyirong leucogranitic plutons show low contents of MgO (0.238%–1.160%) and δ11B values (–12.1‰––11.2‰), while dravites gathered in the contact zone between the leucogranitic veins and metapelites show high contents of MgO (4.815%–6.755%) and δ11B values (–10.7‰––9.3‰). This geochemical and isotopic variation of tourmalines can also be identified in the Malashan gneiss dome. As a result, three types of tourmaline were identified in the Himalayan orogen: (1) Tou‐I in the TMG and Tou‐LG, which is the most common tourmaline type of schorl; (2) Tou‐II (dravite and high‐Mg schorl) in the Tou‐LG and tourmalite at the margins of the leucogranite; and (3) Tou‐III (mainly dravite, with minor high‐Mg schorl) in metapelites of the High Himalayan Crystalline Sequence. The lenses and veins of Tou‐LG may have experienced metasomatism and assimilation as a result of interaction with the High Himalayan Crystalline Sequence metasedimentary country rocks, which can be traced by the geochemical and isotopic characteristics of the tourmaline therein.
Treatment of advanced lung cancer based on genomic profiling using liquid biopsy (plasma): A review of three cases
Authors: Mitsumura Takahiro , Kumaki Yuichi , Takahashi Kenta , Matsudera Shotaro , Sakakibara Rie , Honda Takayuki , Ishizuka Masahiro , Iijima Yuki , Shirai Tsuyoshi , Okamoto Tsukasa , Tateishi Tomoya , Sakashita Hiroyuki , Miyake Satoshi , Ikeda Sadakatsu , Miyazaki Yasunari
Published: August 2021

Of the 80 solid tumor cases in which liquid biopsy (LB) was performed using Guardant360 in the PROFILE study, nine were lung cancer cases. Here, we review three cases in which LB was useful in diagnosing ALK fusion‐positive lung cancer, selecting sequential ALK‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors, confirming uncommon EGFR mutations, and receiving biomarker‐compatible therapy.
Antimicrobial action, cytotoxicity, calcium ion release, and pH variation of a calcium hydroxide‐based paste associated with Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão extract
Authors: Krüger Helington Castro , Francio Jordano , Silva Arthur Sorgatto da , Oliveira Gabriela Silva Neubern de , Brancher João Armando , Dantas Letícia Ramos , Oliveira Rodrigo Cardoso de , Tuon Felipe Francisco , Carneiro Everdan
Published: August 2021

The extract of Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (aroeira), as a vehicle, associated with calcium hydroxide (CH) paste was evaluated based on cell viability, antimicrobial action, calcium ion release, and pH variation. Calcium hydroxide with propylene glycol was used as control. The pH variation was measured at 3, 24, 72, 168, 140, 360, and 720 h and calcium ion release was measured on days 7, 15, and 30. Cell viability was assessed with NIH/3T3 cells using MTT and crystal violet assays, after 24, 48, and 72 h. Antibacterial activity was determined by the disc diffusion method, while microbial reduction (Enterococcus faecalis) was evaluated using the time–kill test. The CH paste formulated with aroeira showed antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and further did not interfere with pH, calcium ion release, or cell viability; moreover, the formulation had antimicrobial activity and could serve as a vehicle for CH paste.
Algorithmic intraocular lens power calculation formula selection by keratometry, anterior chamber depth and axial length
Authors: Kim Jung Wan , Eom Youngsub , Yoon Eun Gyu , Choi Young , Song Jong Suk , Jeong Ji Won , Park Seh Kwang , Kim Hyo Myung
Published: August 2021

Purpose

To compare the prediction accuracy of algorithmic intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formula selection method using conventional formulas (Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, SRK/T and/or Barrett Universal II) based on keratometry (K), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and axial length (AL).

Methods

A total of 1653 patients (1653 eyes) implanted with Tecnis ZCB00 IOL during cataract surgery were enrolled in this study. Intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas with a small absolute value in the sum of the area under the curve measured by K, ACD and AL subgroup were selected to calculate IOL power in the relevant biometry subgroup. The median absolute error (MedAE) calculated by the Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, SRK/T and Barrett Universal II formulas individually was compared to that calculated by the algorithmic selection method using four formulas, Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1 and SRK/T, or five formulas when Barrett is included.

Results

The MedAE was 0.27 D in the Haigis, 0.30 D in the Hoffer Q, 0.27 D in the Holladay 1, 0.29 D in the SRK/T and 0.26 D in the Barrett Universal II formulas. The MedAEs determined by the algorithmic selection method using four (019 D) and five (0.21 D) formulas were significantly lower than those by the conventional IOL power calculation formulas.

Conclusions

The IOL power calculation formula selection method by biometry subgroup combined with biometric parameters K, ACD and AL may offer a more superior postoperative refractive error prediction in cataract surgery.