bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depth-Resolved Attenuation Mapping of the Vaginal Wall under Prolapse and after Laser Treatment Using Cross-Polarization Optical Coherence Tomography: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gubarkova Ekaterina , Potapov Arseniy , Moiseev Alexander , Kiseleva Elena , Krupinova Darya , Shatilova Ksenia , Karabut Maria , Khlopkov Andrey , Loginova Maria , Radenska-Lopovok Stefka , Gelikonov Grigory , Grechkanev Gennady , Gladkova Natalia , Sirotkina Marina
Published: November 2023

Vaginal wall prolapse is the most common type of pelvic organ prolapse and is mainly associated with collagen bundle changes in the lamina propria. Neodymium (Nd:YAG) laser treatment was used as an innovative, minimally invasive and non-ablative procedure for the treatment of early-stage vaginal wall prolapse. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess connective tissue changes in the vaginal wall under prolapse without treatment and after Nd:YAG laser treatment using cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP OCT) with depth-resolved attenuation mapping. A total of 26 freshly excised samples of vaginal wall from 26 patients with age norm (n = 8), stage I–II prolapses without treatment (n = 8) and stage I–II prolapse 1–2 months after Nd:YAG laser treatment (n = 10) were assessed. As a result, for the first time, depth-resolved attenuation maps of the vaginal wall in the B-scan projection in the co- and cross-polarization channels were constructed. Two parameters within the lamina propria were target calculated: the median value and the percentages of high (≥4 mm−1) and low (<4 mm−1) attenuation coefficient values. A significant (p < 0.0001) decrease in the parameters in the case of vaginal wall prolapse compared to the age norm was identified. After laser treatment, a significant (p < 0.0001) increase in the parameters compared to the normal level was also observed. Notably, in the cross-channel, both parameters showed a greater difference between the groups than in the co-channel. Therefore, using the cross-channel achieved more reliable differentiation between the groups. To conclude, attenuation coefficient maps allow visualization and quantification of changes in the condition of the connective tissue of the vaginal wall. In the future, CP OCT could be used for in vivo detection of early-stage vaginal wall prolapse and for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment.
How Do Heterogeneous Networks Affect a Firm’s Innovation Performance? A Research Analysis Based on Clustering and Classification
Authors: Zhang Liping , Qiu Hanhui , Chen Jinyi , Zhou Wenhao , Li Hailin
Published: November 2023

Based on authorized patents of China’s artificial intelligence industry from 2013 to 2022, this paper constructs an Industry–University–Research institution (IUR) collaboration network and an Inter-Firm (IF) collaboration network and used the entropy weight method to take both the quantity and quality of patents into account to calculate the innovation performance of firms. Through the hierarchical clustering algorithm and classification and regression trees (CART) algorithm, in-depth analysis has been conducted on the intricate non-linear influence mechanisms between multiple variables and a firm’s innovation performance. The findings indicate the following: (1) Based on the network centrality (NC), structural hole (SH), collaboration breadth (CB), and collaboration depth (CD) of both IUR and IF collaboration networks, two types of focal firms are identified. (2) For different types of focal firms, the combinations of network characteristics affecting their innovation performance are various. (3) In the IUR collaboration network, focal firms with a wide range of heterogeneous collaborative partners can obtain high innovation performance. However, focal firms in the IF collaboration network can achieve the same aim by maintaining deep collaboration with other focal firms. This paper not only helps firms make scientific decisions for development but also provides valuable suggestions for government policymakers.
Multiscale Cumulative Residual Dispersion Entropy with Applications to Cardiovascular Signals
Authors: Kim Youngjun , Choi Young-Seok
Published: November 2023

Heart rate variability (HRV) is used as an index reflecting the adaptability of the autonomic nervous system to external stimuli and can be used to detect various heart diseases. Since HRVs are the time series signal with nonlinear property, entropy has been an attractive analysis method. Among the various entropy methods, dispersion entropy (DE) has been preferred due to its ability to quantify the time series’ underlying complexity with low computational cost. However, the order between patterns is not considered in the probability distribution of dispersion patterns for computing the DE value. Here, a multiscale cumulative residual dispersion entropy (MCRDE), which employs a cumulative residual entropy and DE estimation in multiple temporal scales, is presented. Thus, a generalized and fast estimation of complexity in temporal structures is inherited in the proposed MCRDE. To verify the performance of the proposed MCRDE, the complexity of inter-beat interval obtained from ECG signals of congestive heart failure (CHF), atrial fibrillation (AF), and the healthy group was compared. The experimental results show that MCRDE is more capable of quantifying physiological conditions than preceding multiscale entropy methods in that MCRDE achieves more statistically significant cases in terms of p-value from the Mann–Whitney test.
Enhanced Math Efficacy and Performance of Minority Students through Student Class Preparation and Teacher Support
Authors: Chang Mido , Bang Hyejin , Kim Sunha , Pontier Ryan W.
Published: November 2023

This research investigates how minority students demonstrate their math self-efficacy and performance, shaped by factors such as class preparation and math teacher support. Leveraging a comprehensive US national dataset, this study aims to provide broadly applicable insights and suggestions for students from diverse racial and linguistic backgrounds. The findings underscore the substantial influence of high school students’ class preparation on teacher support, math self-efficacy, and math performance. Notably, teacher support exhibits a positive impact solely on math self-efficacy but does not extend to their math performance. Upon examination of various demographic groups, this research identifies noteworthy disparities in the effects experienced by different racial and linguistic groups. This study’s results carry practical implications for educators and practitioners, shedding light on strategies to enhance various minority students’ math self-efficacy and outcomes.
Embedding Experiential, Practical and Scientific Knowledge on Care for Families with Multiple Problems into the Curriculum of Universities of Applied Sciences
Authors: Evenboer Els , Welmers-van de Poll Marianne , Wienen Albert Willem
Published: November 2023

Child and family welfare organizations providing care for families with multiple problems (FMPs) in the Netherlands conclude that future practitioners are often not sufficiently equipped to work with this complex target group. The aim of this study is threefold: (1) to combine experiential, practical and scientific knowledge on care for FMPs, (2) to find out, by using a design-oriented research method, which type of blended learning materials are suitable for the curricula of Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS) and (3) ascertain what facilitating and obstructive factors play a role in the process of implementation. In this study, we adopted a phased approach with four steps: (1) a scoping review, (2) a Delphi study, (3) an inventory of the curricula and (4) a design-oriented research approach. Various stakeholders such as adolescents, parents, teachers, students, practitioners and researchers were involved. The four steps resulted in various products such as informational videos and factsheets, a serious game and an implementation roadmap. We also provide an overview of the facilitating and obstructive factors that played a role in this process. The materials developed in this study contribute towards the training of future professionals in terms of being more reflective about their own way of working with these families.
On-Chip Bus Protection against Soft Errors
Authors: Mach Ján , Kohútka Lukáš , Čičák Pavel
Published: November 2023

The increasing performance demands for processors leveraged in mission and safety-critical applications mean that the processors are implemented in smaller fabrication technologies, allowing a denser integration and higher operational frequency. Besides that, these applications require a high dependability and robustness level. The properties that provide higher performance also lead to higher susceptibility to transient faults caused by radiation. Many approaches exist for protecting individual processor cores, but the protection of interconnect buses is studied less. This paper describes the importance of protecting on-chip bus interconnects and reviews existing protection approaches used in processors for mission and safety-critical processors. The protection approaches are sorted into three groups: information, temporal, and spatial redundancy. Because the final selection of the protection approach depends on the use case and performance, power, and area demands, the three groups are compared according to their fundamental properties. For better context, the review also contains information about existing solutions for protecting the internal logic of the cores and external memories. This review should serve as an entry point to the domain of protecting the on-chip bus interconnect and interface of the core.
Calculation of Transmission Line Worker Electric Field Induced Current Using Fourier-Enhanced Charge Simulation
Authors: Leman Jon T. , Olsen Robert G. , Renew David
Published: November 2023

Exposure to quasi-electrostatic field induced currents is a hazard of live-line transmission work. These steady-state induced currents are typically less than 1 mA, and their sensory effects range from imperceptible to painful depending on the person and conditions such as contact area and duration. Permanent injury from these currents is unlikely but they can distract workers, increasing the risk of injury from falls or other dangers. Identifying contact current severity and training workers can help reduce the risk of accidents. Measuring induced currents along a climbing route is time-consuming and simulation is challenging because of the geometric complexity of the worker, the transmission structure, conductor bundles, and electric fields in the climbing space. This research explores the suitability of a recently published adaptation of the charge simulation method for calculating worker-induced currents. The method uses Fourier principles to improve computational efficiency while explicitly modeling all bundle subconductors. The research also examines simplifications for modeling lattice structures and human geometry. Calculated currents compare well to measurements for a worker climbing a 400 kV lattice structure. This indicates the method is a practical option for calculating steady-state contact current severity. A simple calculation is suggested for estimating these currents.
Analysis of Using Hybrid 1 MWp PV-Farm with Energy Storage in Poland
Authors: Ross Klaudia , Matuszewska Dominika , Olczak Piotr
Published: November 2023

The 21st century brings new challenges related to the rapid development of renewable energy sources. Increasingly ambitious climate targets adopted at the European and global level are stimulating an increase in the share of photovoltaic sources in electricity generation. Unfortunately, the intermittent supply of electricity with solar panels makes this energy much more difficult to use. The production of electricity only during the sunny period forces the need to collect it during the day and then use it at night or during unfavorable weather conditions. Therefore, energy storage facilities are important when producing energy from renewable sources. Their installation increases the flexibility of transmission systems and creates opportunities for stable operation with a large share of renewable energy sources. This article offers an economic evaluation of the use of energy storage for a photovoltaic farm under the conditions of using the prices of the Polish Power Exchange. The period from June 2020 to May 2023 was analyzed. The results in terms of productivity of PV installations from the village of Łęki and prices from the Commodity Energy Exchange in the same period were used. Analyzing the results, it can be seen that energy storage brings additional revenue, especially during periods with large spreads in the value of electricity prices. The use of energy storage also allows for more efficient use of energy from photovoltaic panels. The value of additional revenue from energy storage was particularly evident in 2022, when energy prices peaked.
Load Capacity of Nickel–Metal Hydride Battery and Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cells in the Fuel-Cell-Hybrid-Electric-Vehicle Powertrain
Authors: Pielecha Ireneusz , Szwajca Filip , Skobiej Kinga
Published: November 2023

This article investigates the impact of loading on the hybrid powertrain of the FCAT-30 model, equipped with a proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and a nickel–metal hydride (NiMH) battery. This study involves analyzing structural component performance based on voltage and current measurements of the fuel cell, battery, and powertrain. Tests conducted under different load conditions reveal significant differences in battery current and fuel-cell voltage, highlighting the crucial role of the battery in the powertrain. External loading induces cyclic operation of the fuel cell, generating peak power. The energy balance analysis demonstrates that, under no-load conditions, the vehicle consumes 37.3% of its energy from the fuel cell, with a total energy consumption of 3597 J. Under load, the energy from the battery is significantly utilized, resulting in a constant fuel-cell share of approximately 19%, regardless of the vehicle’s load. This study concludes that the battery predominantly drives the powertrain, with the fuel cell acting as a secondary energy source. These findings provide valuable insights into the power distribution and energy balance in the hybrid powertrain. Using a load driving profile reduced the fuel-cell-stack energy contribution by 6.85% relative to driving without an external load.
Experimental Investigations of a Single-Slope Solar Still: Energy and Exergy Analysis
Authors: Ali Haider , Ali Sajid , Khan Sikandar , Siddiqui Muhammad Umar
Published: November 2023

Fresh water is one of the prime necessities of a society; however, its availability is becoming a major concern with the increasing population. There are not enough sources of fresh water at present due to the high rate of population increase. Many regions worldwide face limited access to fresh water. Given economic limitations, there is an urgent need to create and market technologies enabling households to generate their fresh water. In areas with abundant solar energy and proximity to seawater or well-water sources, solar still technology, if developed and commercialized, offers a cost-effective solution for freshwater needs. Thus, the current study is focused on exploring the potential of solar stills for producing fresh water. A single-slope solar still is designed, fabricated and experimentally tested for the production of fresh water. The results of the analysis indicate a maximum production of 2.88 L/day with an energy efficiency of 52.42% and an exergetic efficiency of 7.04%. Overall, the current study reveals significant potential in utilizing solar stills for producing fresh water, which could be increased further if research is conducted on modifying its basic design to increase its productivity.
Modelling Internal Leakage in the Automatic Transmission Electro-Hydraulic Controller, Taking into Account Operating Conditions
Authors: Dziubak Tadeusz , Szczepaniak Paweł
Published: November 2023

The basic malfunction of automatic transmissions (ATs) is oil flow through hydraulic precision pair clearances called an “internal leakage”, leading to difficulties in controlling the AT. There are no sufficiently accurate methods for assessing the impact of “internal leakage” on the AT technical condition in the course of operation. A proprietary hydraulic precision pair internal leak flow model has been proposed in the paper. The novelty of the model is applying electro-hydraulic controller precision pair clearance values as data that was determined through measurements involving an actual object with a specific AT operation period. The authors conduct variant tests of the model to determine the total AT hydraulic system controller leakage. Reduced oil viscosity (approx. 20%) results in internal leakage increasing by 25%. Significant wear of the controller’s precision pair and increased oil temperature (above 80 °C) lead to internal leakage increasing by more than 50% and oil pressure decreasing below the permissible value.
Deep-Reinforcement-Learning-Based Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch for Community-Integrated Energy System under Multiple Uncertainties
Authors: Mo Mingshan , Xiong Xinrui , Wu Yunlong , Yu Zuyao
Published: November 2023

A community-integrated energy system under a multiple-uncertainty low-carbon economic dispatch model based on the deep reinforcement learning method is developed to promote electricity low carbonization and complementary utilization of community-integrated energy. A demand response model based on users’ willingness is proposed for the uncertainty of users’ demand response behavior; a training scenario set of a reinforcement learning agent is generated with a Latin hypercube sampling method for the uncertainties of power, load, temperature, and electric vehicle trips. Based on the proposed demand response model, low-carbon economic dispatch of the community-integrated energy system under multiple uncertainties is achieved by training the agent to interact with the environment in the training scenario set and reach convergence after 250 training rounds. The simulation results show that the reinforcement learning agent achieves low-carbon economic dispatch under 5%, 10%, and 15% renewable energy/load fluctuation scenarios, temperature fluctuation scenarios, and uncertain scenarios of the number of trips, time periods, and mileage of electric vehicles, with good generalization performance under uncertain scenarios.
Optimized Distributed Cooperative Control for Islanded Microgrid Based on Dragonfly Algorithm
Authors: Al-dulaimi Falah Noori Saeed , Kurnaz Sefer
Published: November 2023

This study introduces novel stochastic distributed cooperative control (SDCC) in the context of island microgrids (MGs). A proportional resonant (PR) controller and virtual impedance droop control in stationary reference frames are employed in cooperation with distributed averaging secondary control optimized by the dragonfly algorithm (DA). The suggested approach demonstrates the capability to achieve mean-square synchronization for the voltage and frequency restoration of distributed generators (DGs) to ensure efficient active power sharing. Therefore, a sparse communication network has been used to avoid data congestion and reduce the need for extensive communication and information exchange. The proposed system offers an instinctive compromise between voltage regulation and reactive power sharing. A conventional centralized secondary control with PR droop control is simulated for performance evaluation and comparison purposes. In this study, empirical evidence is demonstrated to support the MG’s ability to confront communication failure and its ability to work reliably during plug-and-play operations.
Intelligent Fault Detection and Classification Schemes for Smart Grids Based on Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Alhanaf Ahmed Sami , Balik Hasan Huseyin , Farsadi Murtaza
Published: November 2023

Effective fault detection, classification, and localization are vital for smart grid self-healing and fault mitigation. Deep learning has the capability to autonomously extract fault characteristics and discern fault categories from the three-phase raw of voltage and current signals. With the rise of distributed generators, conventional relaying devices face challenges in managing dynamic fault currents. Various deep neural network algorithms have been proposed for fault detection, classification, and location. This study introduces innovative fault detection methods using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and one-dimension Convolution Neural Networks (1D-CNNs). Leveraging sensor data such as voltage and current measurements, our approach outperforms contemporary methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Results in the IEEE 6-bus system showcase impressive accuracy rates: 99.99%, 99.98% for identifying faulty lines, 99.75%, 99.99% for fault classification, and 98.25%, 96.85% for fault location for ANN and 1D-CNN, respectively. Deep learning emerges as a promising tool for enhancing fault detection and classification within smart grids, offering significant performance improvements.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Wind Turbines Operating under Hazard Environmental Conditions: A Review
Authors: Douvi Eleni , Douvi Dimitra
Published: November 2023

This paper provides a review of the aerodynamic behavior of horizontal axis wind turbines operating in hazardous environmental conditions. Over the past decade, renewable energy use has accelerated due to global warming, depleting fossil fuel reserves, and stricter environmental regulations. Among renewable options, solar and wind energy have shown economic viability and global growth. Horizontal axis wind turbines offer promising solutions for sustainable energy demand. Since wind turbines operate in an open environment, their efficiency depends on environmental conditions. Hazard environmental conditions, such as icing, rainfall, hailstorms, dust or sand, insects’ collisions, increased humidity, and sea spray, result in degraded aerodynamic characteristics. The outcome of most studies has been that the airfoils’ lift is degraded, and at the same time, drag is increased when wind turbines operate under these conditions. The objective of this review is to improve our comprehension of these crucial aspects so they are taken into account when designing wind turbine blades, and it offers suggestions for future research paths. It serves as a valuable resource that can inspire researchers who are dedicated to enhancing the aerodynamic characteristics of horizontal axis wind turbines.
Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of YABBY Genes in Chenopodium quinoa
Authors: Li Tingting , Zhang Mian , Li Mengyao , Wang Xinxin , Xing Shuping
Published: November 2023

Plant-specific YABBY transcription factors play an important role in lateral organ development and abiotic stress responses. However, the functions of the YABBY genes in quinoa remain elusive. In this study, twelve YABBY (CqYAB) genes were identified in the quinoa genome, and they were distributed on nine chromosomes. They were classified into FIL/YAB3, YAB2, YAB5, INO, and CRC clades. All CqYAB genes consist of six or seven exons, and their proteins contain both N-terminal C2C2 zinc finger motifs and C-terminal YABBY domains. Ninety-three cis-regulatory elements were revealed in CqYAB gene promoters, and they were divided into six groups, such as cis-elements involved in light response, hormone response, development, and stress response. Six CqYAB genes were significantly upregulated by salt stress, while one was downregulated. Nine CqYAB genes were upregulated under drought stress, whereas six CqYAB genes were downregulated under cadmium treatment. Tissue expression profiles showed that nine CqYAB genes were expressed in seedlings, leaves, and flowers, seven in seeds, and two specifically in flowers, but no CqYAB expression was detected in roots. Furthermore, CqYAB4 could rescue the ino mutant phenotype in Arabidopsis but not CqYAB10, a paralog of CqYAB4, indicative of functional conservation and divergence among these YABBY genes. Taken together, these results lay a foundation for further functional analysis of CqYAB genes in quinoa growth, development, and abiotic stress responses.
The Language of Manipulation and Control: Operational Methods of the Securitate in A. Belc’s Film Metronom
Authors: Pavel Ecaterina
Published: November 2023

The objective of the present study is to analyze the operational methods employed by the secret police agency (Securitate) in exerting influence and control over individuals within the Romanian communist society, as depicted in the film Metronom directed by Alexandru Belc. Through an analysis of the dialogue between the protagonist and a Securitate officer, this research explores the tactics used by the Romanian secret police to manipulate and deceive citizens, preserve power, and maintain social control. Drawing on critical discourse analysis and theories of power, this study reveals the subtle and insidious ways in which the Securitate operated within the Romanian society to silence opposition, spread propaganda, and maintain a stranglehold on society. In this line of work, a set of elements has been delineated, aimed at evaluating the manipulative nature of communist discourse strategies. The findings provide insights into the cinematic portrayal of the Securitate in Romanian communist society, highlighting the use of language and discourse as tools for controlling and manipulating both the population and individuals.
Association of microRNA Polymorphisms with Toxicities Induced by Methotrexate in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Karpa Vasiliki , Kalinderi Kallirhoe , Fidani Liana , Tragiannidis Athanasios
Published: November 2023

Methotrexate (MTX), a structurally related substance to folic acid, is an important chemotherapeutic agent used for decades in the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and other types of cancer as non-Hodgkin lymphomas and osteosarcomas. Despite the successful outcomes observed, the primary drawback is the variability in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics between patients. The main adverse events related to its use are nephrotoxicity, mucositis, and myelosuppression, especially when used in high doses. The potential adverse reactions and toxicities associated with MTX are a cause for concern and may lead to dose reduction or treatment interruption. Genetic variants in MTX transport genes have been linked to toxicity. Pharmacogenetic studies conducted in the past focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding and 5′-regulatory regions of genes. Recent studies have demonstrated a significant role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the transport and metabolism of drugs and in the regulation of target genes. In the last few years, the number of annotated miRNAs has continually risen, in addition to the studies of miRNA polymorphisms and MTX toxicity. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to investigate the role of miRNA variants related to MTX adverse effects.
Red Cell Distribution Width and Prediabetes in Adults in Northern Sudan: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Hassan Ahmed A. , Ahmed Bashir E. , Adam Ishag
Published: November 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health issue worldwide. Red cell distribution width (RDW) has been reported to have predictive value in several diseases, including DM. Few data exist on the association between RDW and the prediabetic stage. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the association between RDW and prediabetes in adults in Sudan. This case–control study was conducted in Northern Sudan in 2022. The cases (n = 107) were prediabetic patients categorized according to the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), which ranged from 5.7% to 6.4%, while the controls (n = 107) were healthy participants. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. Standard methods were used to measure the HbAIc level and RDW. Logistic regression analysis was performed. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) of the RDW was significantly higher in prediabetic patients than in the controls (14.5% [13.8–15.3%] vs. 14.1% [13.6–14.7%], p = 0.003). Sex, educational level, occupational status, marital status, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of DM, and body mass index were not associated with prediabetes. In the multivariate-adjusted model, higher age and higher RDW were associated with prediabetes. A positive correlation was found between RDW and HbA1c levels (r = 0.19, p = 0.006). In conclusion, this study supports the use of RDW as a predictor of DM.
A Case Series of Potential Pediatric Cyanotoxin Exposures Associated with Harmful Algal Blooms in Northwest Ohio
Authors: French Benjamin W. , Kaul Rajat , George Jerrin , Haller Steven T. , Kennedy David J. , Mukundan Deepa
Published: November 2023

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) are increasing in prevalence and severity in the Great Lakes region, as well as both globally and locally. CyanoHABs have the potential to cause adverse effects on human health due to the production of cyanotoxins from cyanobacteria. Common routes of exposure include recreational exposure (swimming, skiing, and boating), ingestion, and aerosolization of contaminated water sources. Cyanotoxins have been shown to adversely affect several major organ systems contributing to hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal distress, and pulmonary inflammation. We present three pediatric case reports that coincided with CyanoHABs exposure with a focus on presentation of illness, diagnostic work-up, and treatment of CyanoHAB-related illnesses. Potential cyanotoxin exposure occurred while swimming in the Maumee River and Maumee Bay of Lake Erie in Ohio during the summer months with confirmed CyanoHAB activity. Primary symptoms included generalized macular rash, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and severe respiratory distress. Significant labs included leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein. All patients ultimately recovered with supportive care. Symptoms following potential cyanotoxin exposure coincide with multiple disease states representing an urgent need to develop specific diagnostic tests of exposure.
Barriers and Challenges for Visually Impaired Students in PE—An Interview Study with Students in Austria, Germany, and the USA
Authors: Ruin Sebastian , Haegele Justin A. , Giese Martin , Baumgärtner Jana
Published: November 2023

Physical education (PE) is an important part of school education worldwide, and at the same time, almost the only subject that explicitly deals with body and movement. PE is therefore of elementary importance in the upbringing of young people. This also applies to children with visual impairments. However, existing findings on participation and belonging in PE as well as on physical and motor development reveal that this group of children and adolescents is noticeably disadvantaged in this respect. Against this background, this paper aims to explore fundamental barriers and challenges across different types of schools, types of schooling, and countries from the perspective of visually impaired children. The qualitative interview study with 22 children with visual impairments at different types of schools in three countries (Austria, Germany, USA) reveals that none of the respondents could escape the power of social distinctions and related problematic and existing hierarchies. Hence, ideas of normality and associated values remain the main challenge for all of them. However, the type-forming analysis provides important insight across settings on how visually impaired children differ on this, allowing for greater sensitivity to the concerns of children with visual impairments.
Longitudinal Follow-Up of Serum and Urine Biomarkers Indicative of COVID-19-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Diagnostic and Prognostic Impacts
Authors: Lablad Yahya , Vanhomwegen Charlotte , De Prez Eric , Antoine Marie-Hélène , Hasan Sania , Baudoux Thomas , Nortier Joëlle
Published: November 2023

In patients hospitalized for severe COVID-19, the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is approximately 40%. To predict and understand the implications of this complication, various blood and urine biomarkers have been proposed, including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14 (CCL14), cystatin C, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator (suPAR). This study, conducted between mid-January and early May 2021, aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of these biomarkers in a cohort of COVID-19 patients monitored during the initial two weeks of hospitalization. Among the 116 patients included in this study, 48 developed AKI within the first three days of hospitalization (41%), with 29 requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and the overall mortality rate was 18%. AKI patients exhibited a statistically significant increase in urinary LAP levels, indicating acute tubular injury as a potential mechanism underlying COVID-19-related renal damage. Conversely, urinary NGAL and CCL-14 excretion rates did not differ significantly between the AKI and non-AKI groups. Importantly, elevated plasma suPAR and cystatin C levels upon admission persisted throughout the first week of hospitalization and were associated with unfavorable outcomes, such as prolonged ICU stays and increased mortality, irrespective of AKI development. In conclusion, this study underscores the early predictive value of urinary LAP levels in identifying acute tubular injury in COVID-19-induced AKI. Moreover, elevated plasma suPAR and cystatin C levels serve as valuable prognostic markers, offering insights into the short-term morbidity and mortality risks among COVID-19 patients, regardless of AKI occurrence. These findings shed light on the complex interplay between COVID-19, renal injury, and biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic potential.
Ensemble Learning with Supervised Methods Based on Large-Scale Protein Language Models for Protein Mutation Effects Prediction
Authors: Qu Yang , Niu Zitong , Ding Qiaojiao , Zhao Taowa , Kong Tong , Bai Bing , Ma Jianwei , Zhao Yitian , Zheng Jianping
Published: November 2023

Machine learning has been increasingly utilized in the field of protein engineering, and research directed at predicting the effects of protein mutations has attracted increasing attention. Among them, so far, the best results have been achieved by related methods based on protein language models, which are trained on a large number of unlabeled protein sequences to capture the generally hidden evolutionary rules in protein sequences, and are therefore able to predict their fitness from protein sequences. Although numerous similar models and methods have been successfully employed in practical protein engineering processes, the majority of the studies have been limited to how to construct more complex language models to capture richer protein sequence feature information and utilize this feature information for unsupervised protein fitness prediction. There remains considerable untapped potential in these developed models, such as whether the prediction performance can be further improved by integrating different models to further improve the accuracy of prediction. Furthermore, how to utilize large-scale models for prediction methods of mutational effects on quantifiable properties of proteins due to the nonlinear relationship between protein fitness and the quantification of specific functionalities has yet to be explored thoroughly. In this study, we propose an ensemble learning approach for predicting mutational effects of proteins integrating protein sequence features extracted from multiple large protein language models, as well as evolutionarily coupled features extracted in homologous sequences, while comparing the differences between linear regression and deep learning models in mapping these features to quantifiable functional changes. We tested our approach on a dataset of 17 protein deep mutation scans and indicated that the integrated approach together with linear regression enables the models to have higher prediction accuracy and generalization. Moreover, we further illustrated the reliability of the integrated approach by exploring the differences in the predictive performance of the models across species and protein sequence lengths, as well as by visualizing clustering of ensemble and non-ensemble features.
An Emerging Role for Anti-DNA Antibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Kubota Tetsuo
Published: November 2023

Anti-DNA antibodies are hallmark autoantibodies produced in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but their pathogenetic role is not fully understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that some anti-DNA antibodies enter different types of live cells and affect the pathophysiology of SLE by stimulating or impairing these cells. Circulating neutrophils in SLE are activated by a type I interferon or other stimuli and are primed to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) on additional stimulation. Anti-DNA antibodies are also involved in this process and may induce NET release. Thereafter, they bind and protect extracellular DNA in the NETs from digestion by nucleases, resulting in increased NET immunogenicity. This review discusses the pathogenetic role of anti-DNA antibodies in SLE, mainly focusing on recent progress in the two research fields concerning antibody penetration into live cells and NETosis.
Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Potential of Essential Oils in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications
Authors: Bungau Simona Gabriela , Vesa Cosmin Mihai , Bustea Cristian , Purza Anamaria Lavinia , Tit Delia Mirela , Brisc Mihaela Cristina , Radu Andrei-Flavius
Published: November 2023

Since the earliest times, essential oils (EOs) have been utilized for medicinal and traditional purposes. However, in recent decades, an increasing interest has developed due to the need to rediscover herbal remedies and adjuvant therapies for the management of various diseases, particularly chronic ones. The present narrative review examines the potential for EOs to exert hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects in diabetes mellitus, analyzing the main publications having evaluated plant species with potentially beneficial effects through their phytocompounds in diabetes mellitus and its complications. Numerous species have shown promising characteristics that can be used in diabetes management. The hypoglycemic effects of these EOs are attributed to their capacity to stimulate glucose uptake, suppress glucose production, and increase insulin sensitivity. Moreover, EOs can alleviate the oxidative stress by manifesting their antioxidant effects via a variety of mechanisms, including the scavenging of free radicals, the regulation of antioxidant enzymes, and the decreasing of lipid peroxidation, due to their diverse chemical composition. These findings demonstrate the possible benefits of EOs as adjuvant therapeutic agents in the management of diabetes and its complications. The use of EOs in the treatment of diabetes shows good potential for the development of natural and effective strategies to enhance the health outcomes of people with this chronic condition, but additional experimental endorsements are required.
Gut Microbiota and Bacterial Translocation in the Pathogenesis of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Maslennikov Roman , Poluektova Elena , Zolnikova Oxana , Sedova Alla , Kurbatova Anastasia , Shulpekova Yulia , Dzhakhaya Natyia , Kardasheva Svetlana , Nadinskaia Maria , Bueverova Elena , Nechaev Vladimir , Karchevskaya Anna , Ivashkin Vladimir
Published: November 2023

Cirrhosis is the end result of liver fibrosis in chronic liver diseases. Studying the mechanisms of its development and developing measures to slow down and regress it based on this knowledge seem to be important tasks for medicine. Currently, disorders of the gut–liver axis have great importance in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis. However, gut dysbiosis, which manifests as increased proportions in the gut microbiota of Bacilli and Proteobacteria that are capable of bacterial translocation and a decreased proportion of Clostridia that strengthen the intestinal barrier, occurs even at the pre-cirrhotic stage of chronic liver disease. This leads to the development of bacterial translocation, a process by which those microbes enter the blood of the portal vein and then the liver tissue, where they activate Kupffer cells through Toll-like receptor 4. In response, the Kupffer cells produce profibrogenic cytokines, which activate hepatic stellate cells, stimulating their transformation into myofibroblasts that produce collagen and other elements of the extracellular matrix. Blocking bacterial translocation with antibiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and other methods could slow down the progression of liver fibrosis. This was shown in a number of animal models but requires further verification in long-term randomized controlled trials with humans.
Dynamic Regulation of brsk2 in the Social and Motor Development of Zebrafish: A Developmental Behavior Analysis
Authors: Deng Jingxin , Liu Chunxue , Hu Meixin , Hu Chunchun , Lin Jia , Li Qiang , Xu Xiu
Published: November 2023

Both social and motor development play an essential role in an individual’s physical, psychological, and social well-being. It is essential to conduct a dynamic analysis at multiple time points during the developmental process as it helps us better understand and evaluate the trajectory and changes in individual development. Recently, some studies found that mutations in the BRSK2 gene may contribute to motor impairments, delays in achieving motor milestones, and deficits in social behavior and communication skills in patients. However, little is known about the dynamic analysis of social and motor development at multiple time points during the development of the brsk2 gene. We generated a novel brsk2-deficient (brsk2ab−/−) zebrafish model through CRISPR/Cas9 editing and conducted comprehensive morphological and neurobehavioral evaluations, including that of locomotor behaviors, social behaviors, and anxiety behaviors from the larval to adult stages of development. Compared to wild-type zebrafish, brsk2ab−/− zebrafish exhibited a catch-up growth pattern of body length and gradually improved locomotor activities during the developmental process. In contrast, multimodal behavior tests showed that the brsk2ab−/− zebrafish displayed escalating social deficiency and anxiety-like behaviors over time. We reported for the first time that the brsk2 gene had dynamic regulatory effects on motor and social development. It helps us understand developmental trends, capture changes, facilitate early interventions, and provide personalized support and development opportunities for individuals.
A Comprehensive Assessment of Tear-Film-Oriented Diagnosis (TFOD) in a Dacryoadenectomy Dry Eye Model
Authors: Sakakura Saki , Inagaki Emi , Ochiai Yuichiro , Yamamoto Masatoshi , Takai Naofumi , Nagata Taeko , Higa Kazunari , Sato Yasunori , Toshida Hiroshi , Murat Dogru , Hirayama Masatoshi , Ogawa Yoko , Negishi Kazuno , Shimmura Shigeto
Published: November 2023

Tear film instability is a major cause of dry eye disease. In order to treat patients with short tear film breakup time (TBUT)-type dry eye, the development of tear film stabilizing agents is essential. However, the lack of an appropriate animal model of tear film instability has made drug development difficult. Although rabbit dry eye models have been reported in the past, there are only a few reports that focus on tear film instability. Herein, we assessed the tear film stability of a rabbit dry eye model induced by dacryoadenectomy. A clinical evaluation of the ocular surface, interferometry, and histological assessments of the cornea and conjunctiva were performed. Following the removal of the lacrimal glands, TBUT was shortened significantly, with dimple and random breakup patterns prominently observed. Furthermore, the blink rate in this model increased after dacryoadenectomy, suggesting that this model partially captured the phenotypes of human short TBUT-type dry eye and may be useful as an animal model for investigating potential drug candidates.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Jacobaea maritima and the Evaluation of Their Antibacterial and Anticancer Activities
Authors: Althubiti Amal A. , Alsudir Samar A. , Alfahad Ahmed J. , Alshehri Abdullah A. , Bakr Abrar A. , Alamer Ali A. , Alrasheed Rasheed H. , Tawfik Essam A.
Published: November 2023

Much attention has been gained on green silver nanoparticles (green-AgNPs) in the medical field due to their remarkable effects against multi-drug resistant (MDR) microorganisms and targeted cancer treatment. In the current study, we demonstrated a simple and environment-friendly (i.e., green) AgNP synthesis utilizing Jacobaea maritima aqueous leaf extract. This leaf is well-known for its medicinal properties and acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Nanoparticle preparation with the desired size and shape was controlled by distinct parameters; for instance, temperature, extract concentration of salt, and pH. The characterization of biosynthesized AgNPs was performed by the UV-spectroscopy technique, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared. The successful formation of AgNPs was confirmed by a surface plasmon resonance at 422 nm using UV-visible spectroscopy and color change observation with a particle size of 37± 10 nm and a zeta potential of −10.9 ± 2.3 mV. SEM further confirmed the spherical size and shape of AgNPs with a size varying from 28 to 52 nm. Antibacterial activity of the AgNPs was confirmed against all Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial reference and MDR strains that were used in different inhibitory rates, and the highest effect was on the E-coli reference strain (MIC = 25 μg/mL). The anticancer study of AgNPs exhibited an IC50 of 1.37 μg/mL and 1.98 μg/mL against MCF-7 (breast cancer cells) and A549 (lung cancer cells), respectively. Therefore, this green synthesis of AgNPs could have a potential clinical application, and further in vivo study is required to assess their safety and efficacy.
Effects of Mechanical Stress on Endothelial Cells In Situ and In Vitro
Authors: Katoh Kazuo
Published: November 2023

Endothelial cells lining blood vessels are essential for maintaining vascular homeostasis and mediate several pathological and physiological processes. Mechanical stresses generated by blood flow and other biomechanical factors significantly affect endothelial cell activity. Here, we review how mechanical stresses, both in situ and in vitro, affect endothelial cells. We review the basic principles underlying the cellular response to mechanical stresses. We also consider the implications of these findings for understanding the mechanisms of mechanotransducer and mechano-signal transduction systems by cytoskeletal components.
NopC/T/L Signal Crosstalk Gene GmPHT1-4
Authors: Zhu Zikun , Yu Tong , Li Fuxin , Zhang Yu , Liu Chunyan , Chen Qingshan , Xin Dawei
Published: November 2023

Symbiotic nodulation between leguminous plants and rhizobia is a critical biological interaction. The type III secretion system (T3SS) employed by rhizobia manipulates the host’s nodulation signaling, analogous to mechanisms used by certain bacterial pathogens for effector protein delivery into host cells. This investigation explores the interactive signaling among type III effectors HH103ΩNopC, HH103ΩNopT, and HH103ΩNopL from SinoRhizobium fredii HH103. Experimental results revealed that these effectors positively regulate nodule formation. Transcriptomic analysis pinpointed GmPHT1-4 as the key gene facilitating this effector-mediated signaling. Overexpression of GmPHT1-4 enhances nodulation, indicating a dual function in nodulation and phosphorus homeostasis. This research elucidates the intricate regulatory network governing Rhizobium–soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) interactions and the complex interplay between type III effectors.