bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE CHILD CARE SYSTEM IN LITHUANIA
Authors: Pivoriene Jolanta
Published: November 2020

The reform of the child care system in Lithuania started with the Ministry of Social Security and Labor approving the Strategic Guidelines for Deinstitutionalization in 2012, followed by the Transition from Institutional Care to Community-Based Services in 2014. The strategic aim of the reform was to create a system including a comprehensive range of services that would enable every child and their family or guardians to receive individual services as well as community assistance according to their needs. The process of transformation of institutional care was designed in two steps: creation of the necessary conditions for the transformation, which took place in 2014 to 2017, and development of infrastructure in the regions, planned for 2017 to 2020, but now extended to 2023. The goal of this article is to discuss the deinstitutionalization process by presenting legal regulations, information about the conceptualization and scope of the project, and evidence based on documents and statistical and secondary data analysis. I will also discuss possible contradictions between analytical and political discourses, and quantitative and qualitative evidence.
CRIMINAL THREATS OF E-COMMERCE: INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL ASPECTS
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Corruption Prevention Methodology of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation Professor of the Department of Criminal Policy of the Management Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation LL.D., Professor, Truntsevskiy Yuriy V. , Ketsko Konstantin V. ,   Junior Scientific Assistant of the Department of Criminal Policy of the Management Academy of the Ministry of the Interior of the Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

Economic criminality, being driven by the digitalization of economic relations, switches to the area of electronic commerce and uses all the advantages emerging with the development of information and telecommunication technologies, which requires modern regulation of such relations by the state and international community. The authors consider electronic commerce as various economic relations that use electronic, telecommunication, information resources and technologies. Electronic commerce can potentially offer many advantages as compared with a more traditional trade, although its use also has some negative consequences and faces real threats of cybercrime mentioned in this article; electronic trade may be subject to money laundering. The authors identify the following: categories of cybercrime in the area of electronic commerce; types of cybercrimes using computers; types of cybercriminals; lines (levels) and key tasks of combating crimes in the area of electronic commerce.
ON THE APPLICATION OF SOME SANCTIONS LEVERAGED FROM THE ENGLISH-AMERICAN LAW IN THE NATIONAL LAWS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SO-CALLED ALTERNATIVE COMPENSATION IN COPYRIGHT)
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the S.N. Lebedev Department of Private International and Civil Law of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MGIMO University) PhD (Law), Kaminskaya Elena I.
Published: November 2020

Article focuses on special remedies under copyright law as applicable either by Russian courts as by American courts. Special attention is drawn to such problems as ratio to refer to the said remedies, fundamental basis along with formal conditions of protection as well as grounds for liability. Statutory damages under American law are compared to its domestic companion relief as liquidated damages are and, on the other hand, to so-called alternative compensation, loan remedy applicable under Russian law taken in its historical motion. Comparative study allows clear up the legal nature of the latter remedy and thus manifest legislative deficiencies to be met and, as the case may be, specify practical problems Russian courts are confronted to when applying it. Trends resulting therefrom are particularly debated.
LAW SELECTION BY THE PARTICIPANTS OF TRANSBORDER ONLINE CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS: EXPERIENCE OF THE USA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Private International Law of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation PhD (Law), Sergeeva Olga V.
Published: November 2020

The practice of realization in the USA and European Union of the parties’ autonomy due to the choice of law, applicable to the cross-border online-contract is explored in the article. Particularly the problems of the choice of law, applicable to the cross-border online-contracts B2B (business to business), B2C (business to consumer) и C2C (consumer to consumer) are analyzed. The question is raised about the fairness of undiscussible clause, considering the choice of law, applicable to the online-contract involving consumers. According to the doctrine, legislation and practice the procedural and constitutive approaches to the solving of this question are observed in the article.
ISSUES OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF BANK FINANCING OF REAL ESTATE DEVELOPERS
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Legal Regulation of Economic Operations of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation (Financial University) PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Sarnakov Igor V. , Khrebtov Ilya I. ,   Chief Legal Counsel at the Department of Legal Support of Medium and Large Business of the Middle Russia Bank of Sberbank Public Joint-Stock Company, LL.M.
Published: November 2020

The article analyses the right status of the bank that finances the real estate project, implemented with the attraction of funds from participants in shared construction. The work considered certain problems and risks of the bank in financing such projects, as well as proposed ways to resolve these problems and minimize risks.
THE POSTMORTEM TRANSFER OF DIGITAL OBJECTS: A USER AGREEMENT VS NATIONAL INHERITANCE LAW
Authors:   LL.M., Degree-Seeking Student of the Ural State Law University Acting Head of the Department of Corporate Dispute Solution at Pravoprotsess Limited Liability Company, Puchkov Vladislav O.
Published: November 2020

The article reviews the issue of the correlation of rules for the postmortem transfer of digital objects established by user agreements of online communities as public agreements on the one hand and national inheritance law on the other hand. Essentially, the problem is that the case law of the Supreme Court of Russia de facto sanctions contractual restriction of inheritance even in cases not directly stipulated by law. Such restriction is imperatively stipulated in the majority of user agreements. The author concludes that three approaches to the determination of the essence of a legal relation between a user being a testator and an Internet community administrator have been currently established in the doctrine and judicial practice. According to the first approach, such a legal relation is a legal relation involving a consumer, thus, the postmortem transfer of rights under a user agreement (and therefore digital objects assigned to the heir's account) should be carried out even notwithstanding any possible contractual limitations. The second approach is based on the conceptualization of such a legal relation as a legal relation not involving a consumer, for which cause contractual limitation of inheritance under a user agreement is possible. The third approach is based on the conceptualization of a separate type of such a legal relation — a legal relation between a player and an online game administrator — as a legal relation concerning the organization of a game and participation in it, the rights whereunder are not subject to judicial protection and thus may be restricted. Based on an analysis of specific cases, legal doctrine and legislation files, the author concludes that there are grounds for the determination of relations between a user being a testator and an Internet community (social media, game platform, etc.) administrator as relations involving a consumer. Therefore, a conclusion is made that the restriction of inheritance rights under a user agreement is inadmissible.
The Rule of Hessenberg Matrix for Computing Determinant of Centrosymmetric Matrices
Authors: Khasanah Nur , Kuntarini Agustin Absari Wahyu
Published: November 2020

The application of centrosymmetric matrix on engineering take their part, particulary about determinat rule. This basic rule needs computational process for determining appropiate algorithm. Therefore, by the algorithm of determinant kind of Hessenberg matrix, this is used for computing determinant of centrosymmetric matrix more efficiently. This paper shows the algorithm of lower Hessenberg and sparse Hessenberg matrix to construct the efficient alforithm of determinant of centrosymmetric matrix. By using the special structure of centrosymmetric matrix, the algorithm of these determinant are usefull for their own characterstics.
Addressing Neurocognitive Disorders, Dementias, and Alzheimer’s Disease in Colonias of the Lower Rio Grande Valley: Establishing a Research Foundation Using Promotores
Authors: Garza Noe , Uscamayta-Ayvar Marucela , Maestre Gladys E.
Published: November 2020

Several Texas communities along the Mexi­can border, including the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV), are home to low-income Hispanic populations, many of whom live in underserved communities known as colonias. These areas have high incidences of neurocognitive disorders, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD); health care strate­gies that are culturally and linguistically ap­propriate for the area are needed. We aim to build capacity to reduce risk, facilitate treatment, and provide caregiver support for affected individuals. However, gaining trust of communities and presenting information about research studies in a way that is cul­turally appropriate is critical for engagement of underserved communities.This brief report examines our work with local community health workers (CHWs), promotores in Spanish, to establish contact with, engage, mobilize, and educate the Hispanic communities of the LGRV. Lessons from the succesful experience of training promotores in autism spectrum disorder in the LRGV highlight the importance of specifically addressing outreach in health fairs, clinic vists and referral as well as adequate selection, training, management, and support of the promotores as critical aspects. To initiate and sustain recruitment of older adults and care partners in research studies of AD and other dementias in the RGV, we have incorporated these aspects as components of the promotores training and engagement model, which has been developed and implemented by researchers and their colleagues at the School of Medi­cine at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley.Ethn Dis. 2020;30(Suppl 2):775-780; doi:10.18865/ed.30.S2.775
Struktura prywatnych wydatków na zdrowie na osobę w krajach UE w latach 2008–2018
Authors: Banaszczak-Soroka Urszula
Published: November 2020

Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose (COICOP). Make health expenditure accepted in European Union statistics into three main categories: medical and pharmaceutical products, medical devices and equipment; outpatient and alternative medicine services, hospital and sanatorium services. This classification also applies to private households on health as part of consumption. The aim is to investigate the structure of health expenditure per capita in the EU-27 in the years 2008–2018.
A selyemkóró (Asclepias syriaca L.) tömegességének változásai homoki parlagokon szukcesszió és természetvédelmi kezelés hatására
Authors: Csecserits Anikó , Halassy Melinda , Rédei Tamás , Szitár Katalin , Botta-Dukát Zoltán
Published: November 2020

Hazánk egyik jelentős özönnövénye az évelő lágyszárú selyemkóró (Asclepias syriaca), mely leginkább homoki parlagokon és zavart homokgyepekben válik dominánssá. Bár számos védett területen végeztek természetvédelmi kezeléseket a visszaszorítása érdekében, a kezelések monitorozása sokszor – megfelelő erőforrás hiányában – elmarad. Egy 2000-ben indult parlagszukcessziós vizsgálatunk helyszínén 2014-ben selyemkóró elleni vegyszeres kezelést végeztek. A vizsgálat állandó mintavételi helyei alkalmat adtak a kezelés hatásának megfigyelésére is. A vizsgált parlagok egy részén a selyemkóró a művelés felhagyása után fokozatosan vált dominánssá. A vegyszeres kezelés hatására a faj tömegessége lecsökkent, de nem tűnt el a területről. Az őshonos növénycsoportok tömegessége a kezelés után 3 évvel sem nőtt szignifikánsan, tehát egyelőre nem történt jelentős regeneráció a korábban selyemkóróval elözönlött területeken.
Származási régiók növényföldrajzi felülvizsgálata honos fajok magjainak restaurációs célú felhasználására
Authors: Török Katalin , Cevallos David , Bede-Fazekas Ákos
Published: November 2020

A biodiverzitás pusztulása miatt az ökológiai restauráció a legmagasabb szintű politikai döntéshozás homlokterébe került. A restauráció területének növelése érdekében a honos fajok magjainak nagyobb mértékű felhasználására van szükség. A lokálisan adaptálódott populációból származó magok használatát rendelet szabályozza, melyet hazánkban a közigazgatási régiók határaihoz igazítottak. Jelen dolgozatban magtranszferzónák kijelölésére teszünk kísérletet flóra-, vegetáció- és tájszintű régiós térképek, valamint többrétegű potenciálisvegetáció-modell felhasználásával. Új módszert fejlesztettünk a zónalehatárolás megbízhatóságának elemzésére. A 4–9 egységből álló magtranszferzóna-rendszerek megbízhatósági elemzésének eredménye alapján a négy vagy a hét zónából álló rendszer tűnik alkalmasabbnak. További finomhangolás és tesztelések után a jelenleg érvényben lévő rendelet módosítandó.
Parlagi sas (Aquila heliaca) párok költésbiológiája a Hevesi-síkon
Authors: Hák Flóra , Misik Tamás , Sasvári János
Published: November 2020

A parlagi sas (Aquila heliaca) hazánk egyik legnagyobb termetű ragadozómadara, amely 1954 óta fokozottan védett. Világszerte veszélyeztetett helyzetben lévő vágómadár, amelynek egyes európai, így a hazai állományai is örvendetesen növekszenek. A parlagi sas zavarásokra érzékeny faj. Igen jelentős a fiókák mortalitási aránya is. Kutatásunk során egy őrzött parlagi sas pár megfigyelését végeztük el Füzesabony térségében, a Hevesi-sík kistájon 2014-ben. Ezen felül a Dél-Hevesi-síkon számoltuk a sikeresen fészkelő párokat, azok fiókaszámát, és elemeztük az egyes revírekben talált táplálékmaradványokat. Az őrzött fészek esetében a fő célkitűzések az alábbiak voltak: (1) bemutatni az őrzött fészek fiókájának gyűrűzési adatlapját; (2) meghatározni a megfigyelt fészekben és a közelében talált táplálékmaradványokat; és (3) költésbiológiai szempontból vizsgálni az antropogén hatások és a madarak viselkedése közötti lehetséges összefüggéseket. A mintaterületen 2014-ben 16 pár volt sikeres; 31 fióka született az átlagosan 43 napos inkubációs idő után, és 3 fióka-pusztulás történt. A sikeres fészkeknél a kirepült fiókák száma átlagosan tehát kettő. A részletesen megfigyelt revír esetében a táplálékbőség ellenére csak egyfiókás volt a fészekalj. A vizsgált fészkeknél a madarak közül leggyakrabban erdei fülesbagolyból és varjúfélékből, az emlősök közül pedig mezei pocokból és mezei nyúlból származó táplálékmaradványokat azonosítottunk. A revírek területén gyakran zajlott mezőgazdasági tevékenység, ez azonban egyetlen pár esetében sem vezetett a fészek végleges elhagyásához. Eredményeink fontos részét képezik az éves faj-jelentésnek és a parlagi sas fajvédelmi programjának.
The Relationship between Endogenous Factors and Contact Dermatitis on Electroplating Workers in Durungbanjar
Authors: Alvira Yasmien , Budi Danang Setia
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Occupational contact dermatitis can be interpreted as a health problem on the skin caused by exogenous and endogenous factors related to work. Electroplating is one of high-risk jobs that caused occupational contact dermatitis because of direct contact with chemicals during working. In addition, contact dermatitis is also affected by individual factors of each worker. This research purpose was to identify the relationship among endogenous factors and the occupational contact dermatitis case in metal coating workers in home industry. Method: The research design used was observational with a cross sectional approach. The total population was used as the sampling technique in this study with a total of 28 workers from two metal coating industries in Durungbanjar Village consisting 13 workers from CV. M and 15 workers from CV. N. The data were obtained from the survey, sighting, and medical record notes. Variables from the study included age, working period, history of illness, and personal hygiene. The data were processed using the coefficient contingency test. Result: There were 64.3% of electroplating workers experienced contact dermatitis. The age aspect has a weak relationship (c = 0.295), the working period element has a weak relationship (c = 0.298), the disease history factor has a weak relationship (c = 0.352) and the individual hygiene factor has a strong relationship (c = 0.547). Conclusion: The endogenous factors including age, working period, history of disease, and personal hygiene affect contact dermatitis case. There is a strong relationship between personal hygiene and contact dermatitis cases in metal coating workers. The worse personal hygiene of the workers, the higher risk of workers experiencing contact dermatitis. Age, working period, and history of disease had weak relationship with contact dermatitis case.Keywords: contact dermatitis, endogenous factors, metal coatings
Physical Fitness Factor Analysis on Employees at the Fertilizer Company
Authors: Nabilah Rizka Dara , Ardyanto Y. Denny
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Work capacity is related to the ability required for finishing a job at a certain period, and its performance is influenced by physical fitness. PT Petrokimia Gresik's medical check-up result in 2018 showed that there were only 51% of employees with good physical fitness, 37.8% with average physical fitness, and the other 11.2% was not tested due to illness or was pregnant. The objective of this research was to understand the contributing factors that can affect the physical fitness of the employees that were actively involved in physical exercises in PT Petrokimia Gresik. Method: This research was non-reactive or unobtrusive with cross-sectional research design and conducted in December of 2019. The population was employees that have previously done medical check-up after physical exercise for more than 24 activities with a minimum of 126 km within 3 months amounted to 90 and had 55 samples gathered by using the simple random sampling technique. The independent variables were age, work period, and the frequency of exercise. The dependent variable was the physical fitness calculated by ergocycle during the medical check-up. The data analysis was done descriptively and the correlation test was done by the Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact Test. Result: In this research, some employees were older than 30 years old (54.5%), male (98.2%), have working period longer than 3 years (65.6%), have normal-day working system (76.4%), performing exercises for at least 3x per week (56.4%), and had a good physical fitness (78.2%). Conclusion: age and working period are the factors related to the physical health of the employees, meanwhile exercising has no connection with the physical health of the employees if it is done without intensity and duration monitoring. Keywords: exercise, individual characteristics, physical fitness
The Analysis of Worker Safe Behaviour based on the Antencendent Behaviour Consequence (ABC) Behaviour Model
Authors: Rahman Anugrah Visar , Dwiyanti Endang
Published: November 2020

Introduction: PT. Kreasindo Wira Darma is an electrical construction company offering substation and electrical transmission installation in Indonesia. The common basic cause of work accident is unsafe behaviour and unsafe condition. This research aimed to analyze the safe behaviour of construction workers at Blimbing substation using behaviour-based safety approach and Antencendent, Behaviour, Consequence (ABC) theory. Method: This research was an observational descriptive study using cross-sectional design. The data were collected using questionnaire, observation, and interview. There were a total of 20 construction workers at PT. Kreasindo Wira Darma which became the respondents for this study, and total population was used as the samples. This study’s variables include antencendent and consequence as independent variables and worker’s safe behaviour as the dependent variable. Results: most of construction workers had good knowledge by 90%, good awareness by 90%, all workers have good motivation and fulfilled need for safety by 100%, 18 workers said that there were Occupational Health Safety (OHS) rules in effect at the company by 90%, and workers said that they have received rewards/praises and punishments by 95%. Results also showed that most cosntruction workers have applied safe behaviour at the workplace. Conclusion: Workers will consistently practice safe behaviour when they are equipped with knowledge, awareness, good motivation, compliance with Occupational Health Safety (OHS) rules, and are given reward and punishment.             Keywords: behavior-based safety, electrical construction, safe behaviour
The Relation between Symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome and Visual Display Terminal Utilization
Authors: Nadhiva Rozanna Fithri , Mulyono Mulyono
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The increased use of computers in the era of technological advances had an impact on the eye health called Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), a compound eye problem caused by computer use. Almost every job could not be separated from the use of computers. Based on data from World Health Organization (WHO) in 2014, the incidence of asthenopia (eye fatigue) ranged from 40% to 90%. This research aimed to determine the relationship between symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome and Visual Display Terminal utilization. Methods: This research was a quantitative with analytic survey method. Based on the data collection method, this research included as observational research type. This research was conducted with cross-sectional study design. Data collection was carried out with doctor's diagnosis guidelines, interviews, measurement using questionnaires, and observation. The population was 47 permanent workers and the sample taken was 42 respondents from the design division workers. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. The variables in this research were age, working period, distance to VDT, and general lighting intensity. Results: This research showed that the factors associated with symptoms of Computer Vision Syndrome were working period and eye distance to VDT. Conclusion: The longer the working period and the more distance between the eye and the VDT, the more symptoms of VDT would be.Keywords: computer use, symptoms of computer vision syndrome, visual display terminal
The Factors of Needlestick Injury on Healthcare Workers at the Hospital of Bojonegoro
Authors: Fitria Anisa , Izati Deviyanti Wahyu , Martiana Tri
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Needlestick injury is the most frequent accidents encountered by healthcare workers in the hospital. Needlestick injury can expose healthcare workers to the risk of communicable diseases infection. This study was conducted in one of the hospitals in Bojonegoro. Healthcare workers in the inpatient installation and laboratory room have a potential for needlestick injury since they often use needles in their work activities. The aim of this study was to analyze the needlestick injury-related factors on healthcare workers in one of the hospitals in Bojonegoro. Methods: This study belongs to a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. The study population comprised all laboratory staffs and nurses in the inpatient installation. Sampling was done using stratified random method, obtaining 91 people as the samples. The variables involved in this study included educational level, knowledge, training, unsafe action, and needlestick injury. Data were acquired by means of observation, questionnaire, hospital data, and other supporting data. The data obtained were analyzed using the chi square test with a significance of 0.05 (α = 0.05). Result: This study indicates that educational level (sig = 0.024) and unsafe action (sig = 0.002) are related to needlestick injury. Meanwhile, knowledge (sig = 0.722) and training (sig = 0.350) are not related to needle stick injury. Conclusion: Educational level and unsafe actions are related to needlestick injury on healthcare workers at one of the hospitals in Bojonegoro.Keywords: accident, hospital, needlestick
The Determination of Safe Concentration of Non-Carcinogenic Toluene in Surabaya Printing
Authors: Prayogi Ahmad Rido'i Yuda , Tualeka Abdul Rohim , Ahsan Ahsan , Rahmawati Pudji , Russeng Syamsiar S , Susilowati Indri H
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Safe concentrations of non-carcinogenic toluene can cause adverse effects on health. Based on the results of a research, toxic effects on toluene exposure can cause cancerous (leuikimia) and non-cancerous (aplastic anemia). The Research objective to determine the safe concentration of non-carcinogenic toluene in Surabaya printing. Methods: The research design used was observational analytic, cross sectional research design with a quantitative approach. The research location was a printing press in Surabaya. The variables in this study were the concentration of toluene levels (ppm) and RQ in workers. Total population was 37 workers, while the study sample was taken using accidental sampling method with a total sample of 30 respondents. The formula for determining the concentration of toluene non carcinogen intake is (CxRxtExfExDt): (Wbx30x365). Results: The concentration value of toluene exposure was greater than the standard set by labor regulations No. 5 of 2018 about occupational health and safety of the work environment by 0.2 ppm. A total of 10% of workers falls under normal category, 73% above normal category and 27% below normal category. Conclusion: In this study, we found new findings, viz the concentration of toluene exposure in Surabaya printing area was above normal with a concentration of 0.2 ppm and this is considered not normal.Keywords: non carcinogenic toluene, safe concentration, surabaya printing, toluene
MEASUREMENT OF RADIATION EXPOSURE IN FACILITIES FOR RADIOLOGY DIAGNOSTIC AT THE COVID-19 EMERGENCY HOSPITAL IN WISMA ATLET JAKARTA
Authors: Irsal Muhammad , Syuhada Firdha Adlia , Ananda Yolanda Pangestu , Putra Andre Galih Pratama , Syahputera Muhammad Rizky , Wibowo Syahputera
Published: November 2020

Background: Facility design for radiology diagnostic examination was one of the concerns in the COVID-19 pandemi. This is related to the establishment of emergency department of radiology which were carried out in a very fast pace. Purpose: This study was an effort to the radiation protection for workers and public. Method: Data collection was carried out on 1-29 May 2020 at the COVID-19 Emergency Hospital in Wisma Atlet Jakarta. Results: The assessment for the area 1 was 1 = 22.38 mR /week, in the area was 2 = 5.23 mR /week, in the area 3 = 7.32 mR / week, in the area 4 = 8.67 mR /week. Thus, the exposure received is still within limits safe in the controlled area. Meanwhile, the uncontrolled area will continue to be monitored to ensure that there is no activity. Conclusion: In the  effort of protecting the workers and the public from the radiotion, the principles of radiation protection, distance, time, and shielding should always be implemented.
COMPARATION OF MASTOID TRIANGLE AREA MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES USING VOLUME RENDERING POST PROCESSING AND MULTI PLANAR REFORMATION
Authors: Maduma Anggi Tiur , Sensusiati Anggraini Dwi , Sari Amillia Kartika
Published: November 2020

Background: Identification in the anthropology of the forensic world using radiographic methods can be evaluated from variations in the human skeleton. The skull is the most dimorphic part of the skeleton, precisely in the temporal bone, namely the mastoid process. The use of advanced radiological technology in the evaluation of the mastoid process in humans can be done using the CT scan modality. Purpose: To determine the measurement results of the total area of the mastoid triangle using post processing volume rendering and multi planar reformation. Method: This type of research is an analytic observational study with a retrospective approach. The number of samples used were 152 raw data of patients with criteria aged 26-65 years and without any pathological changes in the mastoid process area. This research uses simple random sampling technique. Measurements were carried out 10 times by using 2 gauges, and using 3D slicer software on volume rendering and multi planar reformation reconstruction data. Data were analyzed using the free sample T test. Result: Measurer A produces total area of mastoid triangle using volume rendering is 1165.72 ± 1.2506 and multi planar reformation is 1145.84 ± 1.46512, with a significance value of 0.204 (p > 0.05). Similar results were obtained by measuring B. Measurer A produced a total area of mastoid triangle using volume rendering is 1159.91 ±  1.29691 and an multi planar reformation is 1146.56 ± 1.4606, with a significance value of 0.400 (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the results of measuring the total area of mastoid triangle using post processing volume rendering and multi planar reformation.
ESTIMATION OF ENTRANCE SURFACE DOSE (ESD) AS A DOSE PROFILE FOR PATIENTS UNDERGOING RADIOGRAPHY EXAMINATION BASED ON TUBE OUTPUT MEASUREMENT
Authors: Latifah Risalatul , Rosyid Muhammad , Yuana Firdy , Hidayat Achmad
Published: November 2020

Background: Radiography examinations are the most widely used and indispensable tools in medical imaging. The dose received by the patient should be known to prevent the risk of radiation exposure. Patient dose in radiography examination can be best estimated in terms of entrance surface dose (ESD). ESD value can be obtained by using the recorded dose viewer installed on the device. However,  not all devices have this feature. Other methods can be conducted using thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) although it practically requires a high cost. Purpose: The study aims to estimate the ESD as a dose profile for patients undergoing radiography examination using tube output. Method: The patient data and exposure factors were retrospectively recorded for 263 patients. The ESD was estimated from the measurements of the X-ray tube output and recorded exposure factors.  Results: The ESD value varied from 0.002 to 0.41 mGy. In the thorax PA, thorax LAT, cervical LAT, cervical AP, skull AP, skull LAT, genu LAT and waters was found (0,23±0.05) mGy, (0,09±0,05) mGy, (0,07±0,04) mGy, (0,13±0,08) mGy, (0,03±0,01) mGy, (0,06±0,02) mGy, (0,04±0,00) mGy (0,04±0,02) mGy, respectively. These results were further used to determine the Local Diagnostic Reference Level (LDRL) value. Conclusion:  The results revealed that LDRL fell below the national DRL value and international reference
ANALYSIS OF ASIR VARIATION EFFECT TO SNR ON UNENHANCED ABDOMINAL CT SCAN IN UROLITHIASIS
Authors: Pratama Putra Rizki Aditiya , Rahardjo Paulus , Pramono Pramono
Published: November 2020

Background: Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASIR) reconstruction in unenhanced abdominal CT scan reduce the radiation dose from 11.6 mSv to 2.07 mSv. However, the decrease in dose is accompanied by a decrease in image quality. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is one of image quality parameters. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of the ASIR method on the optimal Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) value in unenhanced abdominal CT of urolithiasis in clinical data. Method: 27 samples collected and the SNR was measured on the ASIR reconstruction results at the level of 40%, 50%, 60% by placing the ROI  in organ structures with different densities. Result: The results of this study indicate that the ASIR method has a significant effect on the SNR value. Based on the linear regression test, the value was 0.005 ( p< 0.05) and only had an effect of 9.5% on SNR. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ASIR method affects the optimal SNR value for unenhanced abdominal CT on urolithiasis. The ASIR 60% level was recommended.
ROLE OF RADIOGRAPHER IN HANDLING COVID-19 AT CT SCAN ROOM DURING PANDEMIC
Authors: Mardliyyah Aisyatun , Sensusiati Anggraini Dwi , Sari Amilia Kartika
Published: November 2020

Background: Radiographers have a big role in handling COVID-19 during the pandemic. Radiographers not only play an important role in making good diagnostic images, but also in efforts to prevent infection transmission, especially in the CT scan room. Purpose: To compile and summarize role of radiographer in handling COVID-19 at CT scan room during pandemic. Methods: The method used is literature study. Sources of data used are observations and summaries of various literature from a collection of journals selected according to predetermined criteria and then presented descriptivel/narratively. Result: Role of radiographer in handling COVID-19 at CT scan room during pandemic from various journals. Conclusion: Role of radiographer includes setting the area and staff, preparing for the examination, conducting the examination, the level of PPE use, cleaning and disinfection methods and treating medical waste.
Determinants of Dividend Policy of Real Estate, Property, and Building Construction Companies Listed in IDX with Unbalanced Panel Data Approach
Authors: Hartono Powell Gian , Matusin Anita Roosmalina
Published: November 2020

This study involved companies engaging in real estate, property, and building construction companies listed in IDX for 2013 - 2019 period as the population. Unbalanced panel data regression was employed using the SPSS version 22 and E-Views version 10 to analyze the data and to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the previous year's dividend had a positive effect on dividend policy, while company size had a negative effect on dividend policy. This study proved that previous year's dividend and company size were key variables that determined companies’ dividend policy and they were major investment considerations for investors in order to obtain optimal returns.
Antecedents of and Their Impact on Purchase Intention of Customers Purchasing through Social Media: An Empirical Research on Facebook in Bangladesh
Authors: Nandi Barnali , Rakiv Mohammad
Published: November 2020

This research paper aims to clarify the relationship between the influential factors and their impact on the intention of the customers to make a purchase from social media particularly Facebook in Bangladesh.From the literature review, a conceptual model has been established, which is followed by the multiple regression model.The collected data are analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Among the four independent variables three factors namely trust, perceived value and brand loyalty are founded to be influential at the 0.05 significance level and the remaining variable perceived risk has some impact on the purchase intention of the customers using social media but it is not as much influence as other three factors at this significance level.Although there are some researchers conducted to measure the impact of social media marketing, there is a rare study in the context of emerging economies like Bangladesh that tries to investigate the influential factors which ultimately drive customers to make purchases from Facebook pages in Bangladesh.This research proves to be helpful for retailers who are doing their marketing using social platforms in Bangladesh. As most of the people in Bangladesh are using Facebook, this study helps the retailers to understand which factors ultimately drive customers to make a purchase from the Facebook pages in Bangladesh.
Salgının başlangıç döneminde İstanbul’da bir Tıp Fakültesi öğrencilerinin COVID-19 hakkında bilgi ve görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: TANERİ Petek Eylül
Published: November 2020

Amaç: Bu kısa rapor kapsamında, COVID-19 salgınının tıp fakültesi öğrencilerince ne kadar bilindiğinin, öğrencilerin salgına yönelik nasıl tutumlar aldıklarının ve sürecin yönetimi hakkındaki düşüncelerinin sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki çalışma, salgının başlangıç aşamasında, 20/02/2020-04/03/2020 tarihleri arasında çevrimiçi veri toplama formu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın evreni bir tıp fakültesindeki toplam 593 öğrencidir. SPSS 23.0 kullanılarak frekans analizleri, ki-kare analizleri, Mann-Whitney U ve Binary lojistik regresyon analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Toplam 285 öğrenci formu cevaplamıştır (%48). Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 21.2±2.1’dir ve %73’ü preklinik dönem (1.,2. ve 3. sınıf) öğrencisidir. Öğrencilerin %70’i COVID-19 hakkındaki bilgileri medyadan elde etmektedir. COVID-19’un mortalite değerinin SARS ve MERS’ten düşük olduğunu %60’ı doğru olarak cevaplamıştır. En sık kullanılan korunma yöntemi el dezenfektanıdır (%66). Katılımcıların %34’ü COVID-19’un biyolojik savaşın bir parçası olduğunu, %45’i medya salgını olduğundan daha kötü gösterdiğini, %43’ü COVID-19 açısından risk altında olduğunu düşünmektedir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti vatandaşı öğrenciler yabancılara kıyasla anlamlı olarak Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ve Sağlık Bakanlığının bilgilendirme ve salgın yönetimi süreçlerine daha az güvenmektedirler. Sonuç: Öğrencilerin çok büyük bir kısmının gelişmeleri medyadan takip etmesi salgında medyanın etkisinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Öğrencilerin gerek dünya çapında gerek yerel sağlık otoritelerince yapılan bilgilendirme ve salgın yönetimine güven düzeyinin düşük olması ilgili kurumlarca değerlendirilmelidir.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial studies of
Schiff base Ligand from amino acid L-arginine and its
Cu(II), Ni(II),Co(II) complexesIJCTR.2019.130201
Authors: Sree Devi R.K. , SudhaKumari S.
Published: November 2020

Transition metal complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) with a Schiff base Ligand
(R,Z)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)-5-guanidinopentanoic acid (HMA-GPA)
was synthesized by the condensation of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde and L- Arginine.
These were characterized by elemental analysis IR, UV, magnetic susceptibility and molar
conductivity measurements. The IR spectra of the Ligand HMA-GPA and the metal
complexes suggest that the Ligand coordinates the metal ion through azomethine nitrogen,
carboxylate Oxygen and Oxygen of the phenolic -OH group. The electronic absorption
spectra and magnetic data indicate the Cu(II), Ni(II)complexes to be square planar and Co(II)
complex to be octahedral. The metal complexes and the ligand were subjected to
antimicrobial studies by Kirby Bayer Disc-diffusion method and found to have significant
activity against the selected bacterial and fungal strains under study.
Novel Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Impurities of AntiHypertensive Drugs: A Review
Authors: Kumar Anshul , Kumar Rajnish , Saini Sweety
Published: November 2020

hypertension is the disease which mainly occurred due to the lifestyle which is very abnormal
adopted by today’s human beings. Therapy to this disease led to the prevention disease such as myocardial
infarction and stroke which is very common. 13The motive behind the study is to gain the interest of the
reviewer to understand the novel impurities of the hypertensive drugs and the intermediate that occur during the
synthesis which will to understand the purity of the of the API formation which will conclude through the
impurities formation.
Predicted Electronic Commerce Helps China's Economic Resilient
--A Simulation-Based Analysis on COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak
Authors: Yang Dong , Li Hongxin
Published: November 2020

(1)Background: To perform a simulation-based analysis of 2019 COVID-19 outbreak and how would the electronic commerce indursty help China’s economy resilient. (2)Methods: As the epidemic continues, it is possible to use Computable General Equilibrium model to simulate the economic consequences and analyse the role of electronic commerce industy in COVID-19 outbreak. (3)Results: Estimates and models produced at the time of the outbreak suggested that COVID-19 could have a catastrophic effect on China’s economy. National statistics were examined for anomalies that corresponded to the timing of COVID-19 outbreak and, where possible, the size of any gain or loss found estimated. Our analysis suggests that the electronic commerce industry could help China’s economy to recover by stimulating consumption, improving technological level and expanding investment. (4)Conclusions: This exercise holds important lessons for estimating the electronic commerce’s role of similar events – such as pandemic influenza – and measures to recover the economy. We suggest that electronic commerce industry should be paid more attention in economic development, especially in epidemic time. The implications of our findings are discussed in the light of a prospective epidemic.
Robust and Automatic Skyline Detection Algorithm Based on MSSDN
Authors: Guo Fan , Mai Yuxiang , Tang Jin , Huang Yu , Zhu Lijun ,   School of Automation, Central South University Changsha 410083, China,   School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083, China
Published: November 2020

Automatic detection of the skyline plays an important role in several applications, such as visual geo-localization, flight control, port security, and mountain peak recognition. Existing skyline detection methods are mostly used under common weather conditions; however, they do not consider bad weather situations, such as rain, which limits their application in real scenes. In this paper, we propose a multi-stream-stage DenseNet to detect skyline automatically under different weather conditions. This model fully considers the adverse factors influencing the skyline and outputs a probability graph of the skyline. Finally, a dynamic programming algorithm is implemented to detect the skyline in images accurately. A comparison with the existing state-of-the-art methods proves that the proposed model shows a good performance under rainy or common weather conditions and exhibits the best detection precision for the public database.
Calculating Age-Standardized Death Rates Among People With HIV Comparable Across Jurisdictions and Over Time
Authors: Xia Qiang , Sun Ying , Ramaswamy Chitra , Torian Lucia V. , Li Wenhui
Published: November 2020

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and local health jurisdictions have been using HIV surveillance data to monitor mortality among people with HIV in the United States with age-standardized death rates, but the principles of age standardization have not been consistently followed, making age standardization lose its purpose—comparison over time, across jurisdictions, or by other characteristics.

We review the current practices of age standardization in calculating death rates among people with HIV in the United States, discuss the principles of age standardization including those specific to the HIV population whose age distribution differs markedly from that of the US 2000 standard population, make recommendations, and report age-standardized death rates among people with HIV in New York City.

When we restricted the analysis population to adults aged between 18 and 84 years in New York City, the age-standardized death rate among people with HIV decreased from 20.8 per 1000 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 19.2, 22.3) in 2013 to 17.1 per 1000 (95% CI = 15.8, 18.3) in 2017, and the age-standardized death rate among people without HIV decreased from 5.8 per 1000 in 2013 to 5.5 per 1000 in 2017.
Adapting Backpack Medicine in COVID-19 Response for People Experiencing Homelessness in Southern California
Authors: Alarcón Jemma , Khan Tipu V.
Published: November 2020

The Backpack Medicine Program (BPM) at Ventura County Medical Center, in partnership with the Ventura County Health Care Agency, created the BPM COVID Response Team to address health care needs exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic among individuals experiencing homelessness. Over four weeks, the BPM COVID Response Team tested more than 150 patients and identified 24 positive results. The Ventura County Health Care Agency has provided temporary housing to more than 400 people among three different cities across Ventura, California.
Optimal Allocation of Societal HIV Prevention Resources to Reduce HIV Incidence in the United States
Authors: Sansom Stephanie L. , Hicks Katherine A. , Carrico Justin , Jacobson Evin U. , Shrestha Ram K. , Green Timothy A. , Purcell David W.
Published: November 2020

Objectives. To optimize combined public and private spending on HIV prevention to achieve maximum reductions in incidence.

Methods. We used a national HIV model to estimate new infections from 2018 to 2027 in the United States. We estimated current spending on HIV screening, interventions that move persons with diagnosed HIV along the HIV care continuum, pre-exposure prophylaxis, and syringe services programs. We compared the current funding allocation with 2 optimal scenarios: (1) a limited-reach scenario with expanded efforts to serve eligible persons and (2) an ideal, unlimited-reach scenario in which all eligible persons could be served.

Results. A continuation of the current allocation projects 331 000 new HIV cases over the next 10 years. The limited-reach scenario reduces that number by 69%, and the unlimited reach scenario by 94%. The most efficient funding allocations resulted in prompt diagnosis and sustained viral suppression through improved screening of high-risk persons and treatment adherence support for those infected.

Conclusions. Optimal allocations of public and private funds for HIV prevention can achieve substantial reductions in new infections. Achieving reductions of more than 90% under current funding will require that virtually all infected receive sustained treatment.
Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 in Immigration Detention Centers Requires the Release of Detainees
Authors: Lopez William D. , Kline Nolan , LeBrón Alana M. W. , Novak Nicole L. , De Trinidad Young Maria-Elena , Gonsalves Gregg , Mishori Ranit , Safi Basil A. , Kysel Ian M.
Published: November 2020

Immigration detention centers are densely populated facilities in which restrictive conditions limit detainees’ abilities to engage in social distancing or hygiene practices designed to prevent the spread of COVID-19. With tens of thousands of adults and children in more than 200 immigration detention centers across the United States, immigration detention centers are likely to experience COVID-19 outbreaks and add substantially to the population of those infected.

Despite compelling evidence indicating a heightened risk of infection among detainees, state and federal governments have done little to protect the health of detained im-migrants. An evidence-based public health framework must guide the COVID-19 response in immigration detention centers.

We draw on the hierarchy of controls framework to demonstrate how immigration detention centers are failing to implement even the least effective control strategies. Drawing on this framework and recent legal and medical advocacy efforts, we argue that safely releasing detainees from immigration detention centers into their communities is the most effective way to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks in immigration detention settings. Failure to do so will result in infection and death among those detained and deepen existing health and social inequities.