bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental Mechanisms of Psychological States Regulation
Authors: Prokhorov A.O.
Published: December 2021

The article presents the analytical review of theories and studies of the psychological state regulation through the “self-processes — self-regulation” aspect. The main objective of the article is the analysis of concepts, mechanisms and the role of consciousness structures in the regulatory process. The theories of mental states self-regulation are analyzed: system-activity, system-functional and structures-functional. The specificity of each approach to the regulatory process is shown. It was found that the less developed area in presented theoretical constructions is the mental component of regulation: the contribution of the consciousness structures to the regulation of states, their significance and functions in the regulatory process, the specificity of the influence of individual structures on regulation and their synergy during self-regulation, etc. Review of the concepts of the mental states regulation’s mechanisms points the key role of the consciousness structures in the regulatory process. The consciousness structures are an integral part of the individual’s mental subjective experience. Subjective mental experience integrates meanings with categorical structures of consciousness, goal features, semantic structures of consciousness (personal meaning, values, semantic attitudes, etc.), reflection and its types, experiences, mental representations (imaginative characteristics), the self-system. The relationship between the consciousness structures in the process of mental states regulation is considered. It is shown that the integration of the consciousness components is aimed at the goal achieving — the regulation of the subject’s mental stateThe operational side of the regulatory process is associated with the actions of the subject, aimed at changing the state, feedback and time characteristics.
CoMoCrSi ile Kaplanmış Ferritik Paslanmaz Çeliğin Korozyon Davranışı
Authors: DEMİRÖREN Hülya , ÖZEL Serkan
Published: December 2021

Ferritik paslanmaz çelikler birçok ortamda korozyona karşı oldukça dayanıklıdır. Bilindiği gibi bu dayanımı artırmanın birkaç farklı yolu vardır. Bunlardan bazıları ısıl işlem, alaşımlandırma, tasarım, inhibitör kullanımı yüzey kaplamalarıdır. Bu çalışmada, ferritik paslanmaz çelik alaşım yüzeyine plazma püskürtme kaplama yöntemi kullanılarak, CoMoCrSi tozu 600 A akım şiddetinde kaplanmıştır. Kaplamasız ve kaplama uygulanan numuneler üçlü elektrot sisteminde korozyon deneylerine tabi tutulmuştur. Tafel eğrilerinden korozyon hızı hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak yapılan kaplamanın ferritik paslanmaz çeliğin korozyon direncini çok iyi artırdığı tespit edilmiştir.
C,H,O-Katsayılı Sedeniyonların Özel Matris Gösterimleri ve Bazı Özellikleri
Authors: BEKTAŞ Özcan
Published: December 2021

Bu makalede ilk olarak sedeniyonlar ile ilgili temel kavramlar verilmiştir. Daha sonra sedeniyonların kompleks (C), kuaterniyon (H) ve oktoniyon (O) katsayılı gösterimlerinden yararlanılarak farklı türden eşlenikleri tanımlanıp, bazı özellikleri verilecektir. Son olarak da sedeniyonların ℂ,ℍ,𝕆-katsayılı özel matris gösterimleri sunulacaktır.
New records of the genus Eilicrinia Hübner, 1823 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Croatia
Authors: Koren Toni
Published: December 2021

New records of the genus Eilicrinia Hübner, 1823 in Croatia are presented and the previous literature records are summarized. Eilicrinia cordiaria (Hübner, 1790) has been recorded in Croatia after an apparent absence of 36 years at six new localities. The species has a scattered distribution in the country, with historical records originating from both Mediterranean and Continental regions while recent reports are limited to northern Croatia, mostly around the rivers Drava and Mura. For Eilicrinia trinotata (Metzner, 1845) the first record from Croatia is presented, from Bansko hill in Baranja region. Both species can be considered as scarce in Croatia and further studies are
needed in order to assess their status and distribution.
Prirodni inokulum entomopatogenih gljiva u prezimljavajućoj
populaciji hrastove mrežaste stjenice
Corythucha arcuata (Heteroptera, Tingidae)
Authors: Kovač Marta
Published: December 2021

Prirodni neprijatelji invazivne hrastove mrežaste stjenice, Corythucha arcuata (Heteroptera, Tingidae) do sada su slabo istraživani, no otkriće entomopatogenih gljiva kao uzročnika uginuća odraslih jedinki nađenih na području spačvanskog bazena produbilo je potrebu za provedbom entomopatoloških istraživanja. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi brojnost hrastove mrežaste stjenice, prirodni mortalitet i prirodni inokulum entomopatogenih gljiva, odnosno njihovu prisutnost u populaciji računajući prosječan broj prezimljavajućih, mrtvih i zaraženih jedinki u 1 m2 mahovine na odabranim lokalitetima spačvanskog bazena. Istraživanje je provedeno u ožujku 2021. godine, a podaci su uspoređivani s onima iz ožujka 2019. godine. Rezultati su pokazali da na tim lokalitetima postoji određeni pad gustoće populacije ovog štetnika, a prezimljavajuću generaciju bilježi vrlo visoki mortalitet od 64%. Također, utvrđeno je povećanje prirodnog inokuluma entomopatogenih gljiva s 13% na 19% populacije, a u ukupnom udjelu zaraženih jedinki njih čak 75% bilo je zaraženo gljivama roda Beauveria. Navedeno povećanje prirodnog inokuluma ukazuje na redukcijski potencijal entomopatogenih gljiva i ulogu koji ti organizmi imaju u prirodnoj regulaciji populacija hrastove mrežaste stjenice, a koja bi s vremenom mogla biti sve važnija.
Nalaz invazivne vrste kukca Acanthoscelides pallidipennis
(Motschulsky, 1874) u plodovima
čivitnjače (Amorpha fruticosa L.)
Authors: Šag Matej , Žuna Pfeiffer Tanja , Bek Nikolina , Ožura Marko , Miloloža Tihana
Published: December 2021

Plodovi čivitnjače (Amorpha fruticosa L.), invazivne biljne vrste, prikupljani su tijekom 2017. godine na području Pokupskog bazena i u Županji. Na plodovima žljezdastim mahunama uočeni su izletni otvori te je utvrđena prisutnost invazivne vrste kukca Acanthoscelides pallidipennis (Motschulsky, 1873). Ova je vrsta autohtona na području Sjeverne Amerike, a njezina rasprostranjenost usko je vezana uz staništa čivitnjače i puteve širenja ove invazivne biljne vrste. Na području Pokupskog bazena u prikupljenim su uzorcima zabilježene ukupno 554 infestirane mahune, dok su u Županji bile infestirane 434 mahune te nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika između dvaju istraživanih područja. Rezultati ukazuju na to da je kukac A. pallidipennis raširen u sastojinama čivitnjače na obama područjima te da je potrebno pratiti potencijal njegova širenja kako bi se spriječila infestacija i drugih biljnih vrsta, posebice onih iz porodice Fabaceae koje učestalo napada.
Un siglo de arquitectura religiosa en Filipinas (1921-2021)
Authors: Fernández-Cobián Esteban
Published: December 2021

A finales del año 2012 visité Filipinas, un país formado por más de siete mil islas y con noventa millones de fieles (el tercero con más católicos del mundo, tras Brasil y México). Era evidente que la cantidad de iglesias católicas recientes debería de ser muy alta, y que entre ellas habría obras que se pudieran poner al nivel de las arquitecturas más celebradas internacionalmente. Comencé así una investigación que prosigue hasta el día de hoy. Es imposible condensar en una pequeño texto la arquitectura religiosa producida durante un siglo en Filipinas. Me limitaré a presentar algunos ejemplos significativos. Para ello dividiré el siglo en tres periodos de, aproximadamente, unos cuarenta años: la colonia americana (1898-1946), la independencia y posterior dictadura (1946-86) y la época plenamente democrática (1986-2021). Finalmente, haré una breve referencia a la arquitectura religiosa de las demás confesiones cristianas.
La discreción magnificente
Authors: García-Lozano Rafael Ángel
Published: December 2021

Tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial y la reconstrucción de Filipinas, el Gobierno de España se implicó con un nuevo renacimiento —el octavo— de la catedral de Manila. Miguel Fisac, de la mano de los Dominicos, recaló en la capital para impartir en la Universidad de Santo Tomás unas conferencias sobre la reconstrucción del país. No obstante, uno de los frutos de su estancia fue su designación como arquitecto asesor de la nueva sede archidiocesana y el compromiso económico español en la financiación de una de las capillas catedralicias. La intervención, diseñada por Miguel Fisac, habla de la magnificencia de la discreción y de la sutileza del programa y la ejecución. A pesar del protagonismo de Fisac en el conjunto catedralicio, la capilla de la Virgen del Pilar por él proyectada entraña el canto elegante y contenido de la huella de la arquitectura española del siglo XX en Manila.
Arquitectura, religión y sociedad en las iglesias cristianas de Asia
Authors: Pérez Prieto Victorino
Published: December 2021

La relación entre arquitectura, religión y sociedad configura los espacios sagrados del cristianismo y las religiones. Pero los templos cristianos en Oriente han estado marcados por el estilo occidental. La inculturación es un presupuesto fundamental para el anuncio del cristianismo, pero éste ha venido marcado mayormente por la colonización e imposición de la cultura cristiana-europea más que por la inculturación; con las honrosas excepciones de Matteo Ricci y Roberto de Nobili. Gracias al impulso del Concilio Vaticano II, la Iglesia comprendió mejor su misión de llevar el mensaje cristiano a los pueblos de Asia haciéndolo desde dentro de sus formas culturales: internas (pensamiento y espiritualidad) y externas (lengua, ritos, arquitectura). Sin embargo, sigue siendo un reto de la arquitectura cristiana en Asia. Las bases para hacerla están ya puestas, pero el diálogo arquitectura-religión-sociedad en Oriente aún tiene mucho camino por recorrer, dejándose enseñar por sus valores religiosos y culturales.
Fullness and Emptiness
Authors: Sokol-Gojnik Zorana , Gojnik Igor
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to analyze prominent examples of contemporary Christian architecture in the Far East, and the influence of religious and architectural concepts of sacred architecture of the Far East on contemporary Christian architecture built there. Numerous examples show the influence of the permeation of that area’s cultural, traditional, and religious heritage with the Christian cultural and theological framework. Christian sacred architecture is based on the monotheistic concept of faith in one incarnated God that opens to humanity the path to salvation achieved in the afterlife. Religions of the Far East share common concepts of proccesuality described as Tao, the governing principle in the background of all life. It is the principle of continuity in an eternally changing universe. The intention of this paper is, therefore, to direct the view towards the permeation of cultures that encourages Christian sacred architecture towards the search for a new, authentic identity.
Vietnam
Authors: Thi Vu Thu Huong , Nguyen Tuan Dung
Published: December 2021

In the 16th century, the first Spanish and Portuguese Dominican missionaries arrived in Southeast Asia, included Vietnam, but only after the first decades of the seventeenth century, Christianity began to take hold and lived through different episodes of the Proclamation of the Christian faith: first it was tolerated and then abandoned by the dynasties, supported by the colonialists, declined in the north by the communists, it expanded in the south under the Republic of Vietnam and stabilized until now after the reunification of the country followed by a long breakage due to political change. Along with this story, sacred architecture was interpreted in various ways to define identities in religious life and faith. However, the most difficult period of religious architecture is not only in the political conflict of the past, but also until now, the time of the economic boom. The change of values as well as the aesthetic system make sacred art and architecture remain a giant wheel stuck in mud.
Starting From and Beyond Matteo Ricci
Authors: Leto Francesca
Published: December 2021

Between 1500 and 1600, the Jesuit Ricci carried out a real process of inculturation of Christianity in China. Subsequently, he operated according to acculturation: a form of colonialism. This process consisted also in the construction of churches, which were built in the neo-Gothic style. In 1926 dom Gresnigt was sent to China with the aim of creating a new Sino-Christian style, supported by Bishop Costantini and the new missionary policy. These attempts at architectural inculturation, however, focused on stylistic issues. We must act according to an intercultural dialogue. Starting from a textual translation of the liturgical books and the ritual action, this dialogue can provide the architect with images of experience that can be implemented as places and movements within the horizon of the sacred. Metaphors must be found, and even better affordances must be constructed to increase the effectiveness of ritual actions, making even those that can only be imagined emotionally perceptible.
The development soft skills and communication in English in engineering students
Authors: Querol Julián Mercedes , Díez Ramírez Javier
Published: December 2021

Mastering English is a must for all engineers in the current globalized world where English is the language of science, communication and business. In an engineering syllabus, however, in addition to technical skills and English proficiency, the development of other competences also needs to be considered. To adequately equip engineering students for their careers, we also have to promote the development of soft skills such as communication, problem-solving, teamwork, time-management or leadership, among others. ICLHE (Integrating Content and Language in Higher Education), which is itself evocative of CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) approach extensively used in other educational levels, appears as an alternative to integrate language learning in non-language subject curriculums in higher education and to develop soft skills. This paper makes a literature review to find out the main aspects that engineering instructors should consider to properly implement ICLHE to enhance learners’ development of soft-skills through the active methodologies of Project-Based Learning and Flipped Classroom. In the last part of the study, a 10-step guideline is proposed, which will help teachers to integrate these active methodologies in an ICLHE engineering subject.
Aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras: Estudio sobre las percepciones del futuro profesorado en Educación Primaria
Authors: Fraga Castrillón Noemi , Couto-Cantero Pilar
Published: December 2021

Este estudio abarca el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras. Los objetivos consisten en: 1. Averiguar si el número de lenguas extranjeras que dominan los encuestados influye en lo que ellos creen sobre el grado de dificultad de aprendizaje de las LEs en Educación Primaria, 2. Conocer la creencia de los participantes con respecto a si la dificultad de aprendizaje de la primera lengua extranjera (LE1) está relacionada con la dificultad de aprendizaje de la segunda lengua extranjera (LE2) y 3. Conocer la percepción de los participantes sobre el uso del translanguaging como una herramienta útil para reforzar el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera. Para ello, se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa y se diseñó una encuesta cumplimentada por 69 futuros docentes y egresados monolingües, bilingües y plurilingües anónimos y voluntarios. Los resultados indican que (i) el número de lenguas extranjeras que dominan no influye en las creencias que poseen, (ii) la creencia que tienen sobre la dificultad de aprendizaje de la LE1 en relación con la dificultad de aprendizaje de la LE2 posee una correlación directa entre ambas, y (iii) perciben el translanguaging como un instrumento valioso para el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera. Las conclusiones apuntan a que las respuestas se basan en lo aprendido en lugar de fundamentarse en la experiencia personal y que se considera útil el uso del translanguaging cuando se procura un aprendizaje que fomente una buena comunicación y comprensión de los contenidos.
A través del espejo: beneficios de las lesson study para profesorado y alumnado de educación obligatoria
Authors: Gómez-Parra María-Elena
Published: December 2021

La literatura sobre aprendizaje cooperativo se muestra unánime en las ventajas que este ofrece para el desarrollo de habilidades esenciales para el ciudadano del siglo XXI. Las Lesson Study (LS) son “not only a means of improving the skills and knowledge of teachers, but also a way to improve the knowledge base of the teaching profession” (Stigler, 2004: ix). Los dos objetivos principales de este trabajo son: i. Analizar y comparar el impacto de dos rondas de implementación de LS (175 estudiantes) en el marco del proyecto Dispositifs inclusifs de cooperation - DICO+ (2018-1-FR01-KA201-047904); y ii. Analizar el impacto formativo de las LS entre el profesorado. Se usó la metodología de análisis de métodos mixtos para esta investigación. Los resultados cuantitativos revelaron interesantes comparaciones sobre las preferencias del alumnado cuando trabajan bajo el paradigma de las LS, mientras que los datos cualitativos indican que las LS han contribuido significativamente a la mejora de la formación y a la praxis docente del profesorado. Nuestras conclusiones indican que el alumnado reconoce los beneficios sociales de las LS y apuntan a que el profesorado debería conocerlas más a fondo e implementarlas con frecuencia, porque la estructuración del trabajo cooperativo previo a la implementación beneficia el aprendizaje (Sulfemi & Kamalia, 2020) y, además, puede contribuir a mejorar la formación (inicial y permanente) del profesorado, así como a mejorar su disposición para adoptar técnicas adaptativas en el aula.
Los intervalos musicales en el entorno sonoro del estudiantado: propuesta para la realización de un juego de escapismo educativo
Authors: Tenorio del Río Jesús , Leite Cosque Noelia
Published: December 2021

Uno de los retos presentes en el aula de música reside en la comprensión y asimilación de los intervalos musicales. Esta propuesta, dirigida especialmente al alumnado de educación secundaria, busca presentar una herramienta orientada a la asociación del intervalo musical con elementos presentes en el entorno del estudiantado. Con este planteamiento se pretende mejorar su comprensión, retención y asociación de una forma significativa, ligando los contenidos a elementos presentes en su mundo sonoro. Para ello es necesario llevar a cabo un entrenamiento auditivo gracias al cual se desarrolle este contenido. Aprovechando dichas fuentes acústicas, escuchadas de manera habitual y que se encuentran claramente codificadas en sus procesos mentales, se puede optimizar el tiempo dedicado a su estudio. Además, la gamificación incide positivamente en la predisposición del alumnado a afrontar nuevos retos en su formación. De las múltiples ventanas que abre esta metodología, los recientemente surgidos juegos de escapismo educativo se postulan como una de las herramientas más apropiadas para un aprendizaje vivencial. Es por ello que, además de la explicación de qué es un intervalo musical y de cuáles son sus especies, se propondrá un concurso en el que se buscarán ejemplos de los mismos en la música que consumen habitualmente. Posteriormente, se reforzará su desempeño de forma auditiva, visual y teórica por medio del juego de escapismo.
Efficiency and Safety of Binocular Cataract Phacoemulsification
Authors: Pokrovsky D. F.
Published: December 2021

A literature review is presented on the comparative assessment of two options for conducting cataract phacoemulsification — monocular phacoemulsification of cataract, (delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery, DSBCS) and binocular phacoemulsification of cataract (immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery, ISBCS). It has been established that to date in the literature there is a sufficient amount of data indicating the positive aspects of ISBCS, associated with faster rehabilitation, better functional results, as well as time, financial, and economic aspects. The safety of ISBCS is determined by the minimum likelihood of postoperative bilateral endophthalmitis with careful selection of patients, the required surgeon qualifications and strict adherence to the surgical protocol. Comparatively, in accordance with the results obtained, postoperative refractive indices, the value of the maximum corrected distance visual acuity, the frequency of complications and the degree of patient satisfaction were the same regardless of whether the bilateral cataract surgery was performed simultaneously or sequentially. The effectiveness of ISBCS is determined by quick rehabilitation, the need for only one pair of glasses, a decrease in visits to the clinic, the absence of anisometropia between operations, as well as only one general anesthesia (if necessary). The experience of clinics where such procedures were carried out shows that after ISBCS, minor refractive errors occur, while they are almost always symmetrical, characterized by a slight deviation from the target refraction and rapid recovery of binocular and stereoscopic vision. In financial terms, in accordance with the calculations carried out, the cost of DSBCS in various countries may be higher than the cost of ISBCS by 10.8–47.9 %. In absolute terms, simultaneous cataract surgery on two eyes (Finland) saved €449 per patient in medical costs and €739 after travel and home care costs were included. Taking into account the cost of lost work time, the savings were €849 per patient. The wider distribution of ISBCS is associated with the approval of the ophthalmological community and insurance companies, as well as the development of standardized teaching materials for practicing ophthalmologists.
A Method of Circular Scleral Buckle Length Calculation in Retinal Detachment Surgery
Authors: Kazaykin V. N. , Kleymenov A. Yu. , Murashova E. M. , Chashchin G. V.
Published: December 2021

Purpose. To develop a method of circular buckle length calculation for optimization of circular scleral buckling in retinal detachment surgery.

Methods. At the first stage of the study a formula for calculation of optimal circular scleral buckle length for patients with various axial length (AL) of the eyeball was developed (90 eyes). These healthy eyes were divided into three groups, 30 eyes in each: group 1 — AL 19 to 23.5 mm, group 2 — AL 23.6 to 27 mm, group 3 — AL over 27 mm. In all the groups AL and equatorial diameter of the eyeball were measured with ultrasound A- and B- scanning (Тomey UD8000, Tomey AL 3000). Mathematic estimation of equatorial eyeball diameter dependence on AL was performed using correlation and regression analysis and the formula for optimal circular buckle length calculation was derived. At the second stage the derived formula was used in clinic during retinal detachment surgery in 15 eyes of 15 patients aged 28 to 44 years (37.6 ± 2.6) with subtotal retinal detachment occupying 2 to 3 quadrants. Follow-up period was 1 to 4 months (2.3 ± 0.5). For control, in all patient’s intraoperative measurement of the eyeball circumference in equatorial zone was performed.

Results. The first step of the study revealed high correlation coefficient (r) between AL and equatorial eyeball diameter in groups 1 and 2, 0.89 and 0.87, respectively. In group 3 correlation coefficient was 0.57 which shows moderate correlation between AL and equatorial eyeball diameter. Group 3 (AL > 27 mm) was not included in deriving the formula for circular buckle length calculation. Finally, regression equation was obtained and the following formula for circular buckle length calculation was derived: L = 0.9π (8.05 + 0.66 AL), where L — circular buckle length, π = 3.14, AL — axial length of the eyeball. At the second stage of the study (eyes with AL less than 27 mm) anatomical attachment of the retina was achieved in all 15 cases (100 %), elevation of the buckle was 1.44 to 1.6 mm (1.5 ± 0.02), circular buckle shortening made 10 % of the initial eyeball diameter. Control measurement of eyeball diameter in equatorial zone coincided with calculated values, that is, equaled the data obtained from presented formula and from preoperative ultrasound measurement of equatorial eyeball diameter.

Conclusions. The derived formula for circular buckle length calculation is highly effective for eyes with AL less than 27 mm: provides optimal height of impression roll (approximately 1.5 mm), reduces the risk of postoperative complications, it is simple in use and shortens the operation time. For calculation of circular buckle length for eyes with AL over 27 mm it is reasonable to use the data of preoperative ultrasound A-scan measurement of equatorial diameter of the eyeball.
The Assessment of Morphological and Functional Changes in the Detection of the Initial Stage of Primary Glaucoma
Authors: Kurysheva N. I. , Lepeshkina L. V.
Published: December 2021

Purpose — to study morphological and functional changes in the detection of primary glaucoma progression.

Patients and methods. 128 patients (128 eyes, among them — 64 eyes with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 64 with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG)) with the initial MD of –6.0 dB were examined at the Ophthalmology Center of the FMBA of Russia from May 2016 to November 2019. The values of corneal-compensated IOP were also considered: minimal (IOPmin), peak (IOPmax) and its fluctuations (IOPfluct). The progression was measured using standard automated perimetry (SAP) and spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT). During the observation period, each patient received the average of 8.42 ± 2.08 SAP and SD-OCT. Progressive thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and its ganglion cell complex (GCC) were evaluated using SD-OCT. If RNFL and/or GCC had a trend of significant (p < 0.05) thinning, the eye was classified as having the SD-OCT progression. The correlation between the rate of progression detected by SAP (ROP1) using thinning of RNFL (ROP2) and GCC (ROP3) with other clinical parameters was analyzed.

Results and discussion. Glaucoma progression was detected in 73 eyes. While the isolated use of SAP did not allow detecting progression, it was possible to detect it in 39 % cases by SD-OCT. The combination of both methods allowed detecting progression in 57 %. In both forms, ROP1 correlated with IOPmin: in PACG r = 0.41, p = 0.023 and in POAG r = 0.43, p = 0.016. In PACG, ROP2 and ROP3 correlated with the foveal choroid thickness: r = 0.46, p = 0.019 and r = 0.47, p = 0.009, respectively. At the same time, ROP3 was associated with peak IOP (r = –0.402, p = 0.025); the correlation of peak IOP with its fluctuations amounted to 0.7 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion. SD-OCT is more informative than SAP in determining the progression of the initial primary glaucoma. The combination of these two methods 1.5 times increases the possibility of detecting progression in comparison with the isolated use of SD-OCT. The choroid thickness, associated with the IOP fluctuations, plays an important role in the progression of PACG.
Clinical and Genetic Correlations of Inherital Retinal Disease with Mutations in the ABCA4 Gene by Patients of the Russian Population
Authors: Zolnikova I. V. , Kadyshev V. V. , Marakhonov A. V. , Chernyak A. B. , Milash S. V. , Bobrovskaya Yu. A. , Urakova N. A. , Kokoeva N. Sh. , Kutsev S. I. , Zinchenko R. A.
Published: December 2021

Aim: to study genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with inherited retinal diseases with mutations in ABCA4 gene in Russian Federation.

Patients and methods. 21 patients from Russian population aged from 7 to 51 years old (mean age 20 ± 11 years with best-corrected visual acuity from 0,02 to 0,6 (0,14 ± 0,11) with ABCA4-associated retinopathy, verified by molecular genetics methods. All patients besides standard ophthalmic examination and photodocumentation were performed Spectral-Domain OCT and fundus autofluorescence on Spectralis ®HRA+OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany). Full-field electroretinogram (ERG), 30-Hz flicker ERG and macular chromatic ERG (MERG) to red stimulus were recorded on electroretinographic system MBN (MBN, Russia). (Russia) Molecular genetic studies were performed using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and Sandger direct sequencing. Results: In ABCA4-associated Stargardt disease 1 type (STGD1) genotype [p.L541P, p.A1038V] of «frequent» mutations was revealed in 9 patients, in 2 cases in was associated another “frequent” mutation p.G1961E. In 4 patients with genotype [p.L541P, p.A1038V] “severe” phenotype of Stargardt disease was found: with large defect of the ellipsoid zone and large zone of central reduced autofluorescence, severely subnormal macular ERG (MERG) to red stimulus and subnormal 30 Hz flicker and full-field maximal ERG. In one patient with these mutations in homozygous state ABCA4-associated cone-rod dystrophy (CORD3, clinically looking alike secondary retinal dystrophy is diagnosed. In 2 patients with genotype [p.L541P, p.A1038V] and mutation p.G1961E was found mild phenotype. One patient with homozygous mutation p.R653C autosomal recessive ABCA4-associated retinitis pigmentosa (RP19) was diagnosed. Clinical picture and autofluorescence were polymorphic in all patients.

Conclusions. Our study with ophthalmological, molecular genetics and instrumental methods widens the spectrum of clinical signs of inherited eye diseases associated with mutations in АВСА4 gene, widens the spectrum mutations in Russian Federation and reveals clinicо-genetic genotype-phenotype correlations.
New Possibilities of Antibiotic Therapy for Blepharoconjunctivitis in Children
Authors: Efimova E. L. , Brzheskiy V. V.
Published: December 2021

The problem of drug therapy for bacterial eye infections in children has remained relevant for many years. The greatest interest of ophthalmologists in recent years is associated with the use of fluoroquinolones in the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases of the bacterial etiology. At the same time, new ophthalmic dosage forms of fluoroquinolones that have appeared in recent years naturally require additional research on their effectiveness.

Objective: to study the clinical efficacy of the antibacterial drug Oftocypro (0.3 % cyprofloxacin in ophthalmic ointment) in the treatment of chronic blepharoconjunctivitis in children.

Materials. The study involved 38 children aged 3 to 18 years (mean age 10.3 ± 2.7 years) with clinical manifestations of blepharoconjunctivitis. All patients were divided into 2 groups of equal size: 18 children (36 eyes) — with bacterial blepharoconjunctivitis and 20 (40) — with chlamydial blepharoconjunctivitis. The diagnosis was verified based on the clinical picture of blepharoconjunctivitis and laboratory data: detection of pathogenic microflora in the conjunctival cavity of patients of the first group and chlamydia antigen — in epithelial cells in scraping material from the conjunctiva by immunohistochemical analysis.

Results. The analysis of the data obtained during the examination and treatment of children with blepharoconjunctivitis of bacterial etiology (group I), a reliable dynamics of controlled clinical and laboratory parameters was established. There was a significant positive dynamics of all controlled parameters of the clinical course of chronic bacterial blepharoconjunctivitis against the background of the drug Oftocipro ophthalmic ointment 0.3 % use. All children with chronic chlamydial blepharoconjunctivitis with the background of treatment with Oftocypro, ophthalmic ointment 0.3 %, showed a steady tendency towards relief of the estimated clinical signs of the disease. According to the results of laboratory studies, it was found that on the 28th day of treatment with Oftocypro chlamydia in the cells of the epithelium of the conjunctiva was re-detected in 4 out of 20 patients (20 %).

Conclusion. The high efficacy of the drug Oftocypro ophthalmic ointment 0.3 %, in combination with the absence of pronounced side effects, makes it possible to recommend this drug for wider practical use.
A Clinical Case of Two-Stage Visual-Functional Rehabilitation of a Patient with Postinfectious Central Corneal Opacity in Combination with Mixed Astigmatism Using Laser Keratorefractive Surgery
Authors: Maychuk N. V. , Mushkova I. A. , Obraztsova M. R.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: to evaluate the clinical and functional results of two-stage treatment in a patient with post-infectious Central corneal opacity combined with mixed astigmatism.

Patient and methods. Patient N., 19 years old with postinfectious (postherpetic) Central corneal opacity, mixed astigmatism was examined and operated using two-stage corneal laser treatment. To determine the possibility of surgical treatment of the patient, a complex of General ophthalmology was performed (checking visual acuity near and far in natural conditions and in conditions of drug-induced mydriasis, IOP measurement, autorefractometry, examination of visual fields, A- and Bscanning, ophthalmoscopy with examination of the Central and peripheral areas of the fundus), as well as special (keratopography and Scheimpflug camera examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the anterior segment of the eye with analysis of the epithelial map, quantitative assessment (Schirmer test-1) and qualitative (tear film rupture time) lachrymal products, assessment of the epithelium state when stained with vital dyes and infrared meibography) research methods. To determine the activity of herpetic infection, PCR diagnostics were performed. The follow-up period was 2 years.

Results and discussion. To achieve high visual-functional rehabilitation while preserving the native lens, a two-stage treatment algorithm was developed using technologies of laser corneal refractive surgery. At the first stage, in order to regularize the ocular surface and eliminate Central corneal opacity, an inverted topographically oriented PRK was performed; at the second stage, residual refractive errors were corrected using topographically oriented FemtoLASIK technology.

Conclusion. According to the results of a literature search and analysis of Internet resources, there were no previously recorded and published works using a similar two-stage method. Therefore, the described clinical case justifies the relevance and novelty of the goal and has an evidence-based Foundation for the use of a two-stage laser keratorefractive treatment system in the ophthalmological practice of visual and functional rehabilitation of patients with Central corneal opacity in combination with mixed astigmatism or hypermetropic refraction. The two-year postoperative follow-up period showed stable and high visual-functional results with no recurrence of the inflammatory process.
La existencia de nociones diversas de discriminación en el derecho a no ser discriminado en Chile. Un análisis a través de dos acciones de justicia constitucional
Authors: Esparza-Reyes Estefanía , Morales-Trapp Soledad
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo tiene por finalidad analizar críticamente la existencia de nociones diversas de discriminación en el derecho a no ser discriminado/a en Chile, ejemplificando a través de dos acciones de justicia constitucional. Para ello describirá la conceptualización del derecho a no ser discriminado/a en Chile, especialmente desde la perspectiva de la ausencia/presencia del elemento grupal de la discriminación, contrastándolo con las nociones que priman actualmente en otros sistemas jurídicos, como el español. Continuará exponiendo, brevemente, los principales mecanismos directos de protección del derecho a no ser discriminado/a en Chile, haciendo especial referencia a los mecanismos jurisdiccionales de protección más extendidos y que protegen expresamente el derecho consagrado en el artículo 19 N° 2 de la Constitución: la acción de no discriminación arbitraria y la acción de protección. Concluirá con algunas reflexiones críticas sobre las consecuencias de la adopción de nociones diversas de discriminación por parte de los tribunales de justicia encargados de velar por el derecho a no ser discriminado/a.
El control judicial de las reformas constitucionales impulsadas y aprobadas en los estados de Estados Unidos mediante mecanismos de democracia directa
Authors: González Cadenas Diego
Published: December 2021

Diversos estados de Estados Unidos permiten a sus ciudadanos iniciar directamente un proceso de reforma de su constitución estatal y, en la práctica totalidad, se requiere un referéndum de aprobación de cualquier reforma constitucional estatal. Esta centenaria experiencia es una valiosa herramienta de análisis para que los operadores jurídicos iberoamericanos dispongan de más elementos de juicio a la hora de valorar e interpretar la amplia casuística en materia de cambio constitucional mediante la participación directa de la ciudadanía. Así, en este trabajo se introduce al lector en la ingente jurisprudencia que se ha producido en la materia. Se analiza el control judicial, exante y expost, del cumplimiento de los requisitos formales, procedimentales y sustanciales establecidos en el ordenamiento estatal y a la posible contradicción de la reforma constitucional estatal con normas superiores, la Constitución federal y leyes federales.
Cysteine cathepsins: structure, physiological functions and their role in carcinogenesis
Authors: Gureeva T.A. , Timoshenko O.S. , Kugaevskaya E.V. , Solovyova N.I.
Published: December 2021

Cysteine cathepsins (Cts) also known as thiol proteinases belong to the superfamily of cysteine proteinases (EC 3.4.22). Cts are known as lysosomal proteases responsible for the intracellular proteins degradation. All Cts are synthesized as zymogens, activation of which occurs autocatalytically. Their activity is regulated by endogenous inhibitors. Cts can be secreted into the extracellular environment, which is of particular importance in tumor progression. Extracellular Cts not only hydrolyze extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, but also contribute to ECM remodeling, processing and/or release of cell adhesion molecules, growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. In cancer, the expression and activity of Cts sharply increase both in cell lysosomes and in the intercellular space, which correlates with neoplastic transformation, invasion, metastasis and leads to further tumor progression. It has been shown that Cts expression depends on the cells type, therefore, their role in the tumor development differs depending on their cellular origin. The mechanism of Cts action in cancer is not limited only by their proteolytic action. The Cts influence on signal transduction pathways associated with cancer development, including the pathway involving growth factors, which is mediated through receptors tyrosine kinases (RTK) and various signaling mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), has been proven. In addition, Cts are able to promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by activating signal transduction pathways such as Wnt, Notch, and the pathway involving TGF-β. So, Ctc perform specific both destructive and regulatory functions, carrying out proteolysis, both inside and outside the cell.
Distracted Driving Detection with Machine Learning Methods by CNN Based Feature Extraction
Authors: Al-doorı Shafeeq Kanaan Shakir , Taspınar Yavuz Selim , Koklu Murat
Published: December 2021

Millions of people lose their lives due to accidents caused by various reasons. As the number of vehicles increases, the number of accidents also increases. When driver errors caused by technological devices are added to this, the rate of accidents is increasing more and more. Generally, the vast majority of accidents occur as a result of distractions from drivers. For this reason, there is a need for a system based on the detection of driver errors and warning the driver in modern vehicles. For this purpose, the analysis of the convolutional neural network (CNN) feature extraction based classification models was carried out in this study. The SequeezeNet CNN architecture is trained with the transfer learning method and the image features are taken before the classification layer. The images were classified by giving the obtained features as input to k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) machine learning algorithms. A 10-class dataset containing 22,424 driver error images was used in the training of the models. Classification successes of k-NN, SVM, RF models trained with images are 98.1%, 95.8%, and 88.7%, respectively. The highest classification success was obtained from the k-NN model. Other performance measurement metrics were also used for the detailed analysis of the classification models. It is aimed to find the most suitable model by comparing the training and testing times of the models. It is aimed that the obtained models can be used to detect driver errors over the image.
Maternal Cardiovascular and Birth Outcome Responses to At-Home vs. In-person Prenatal Exercise during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wisseman Breanna , Jones Christian , Golembe Nia , Newton Edward , Isler Christy , deVente James , McDonald Samantha , Strom Cody , Kuehn Devon , May Linda
Published: December 2021

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic led to decreased physical activity, as well as increased stress, especially for pregnant women. Exercise is effective for decreasing stress and improving overall maternal and infant health. To date, research has not determined whether an at-home exercise program during pregnancy elicits similar results to in-person exercise. Objective. To examine the effect of in-person vs at-home moderate-intensity exercise training during pregnancy on maternal cardiovascular and birth outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. Pregnant women were recruited between 13-16 weeks’ gestation and randomized to either an exercise or control group. No control subjects were included in this analysis; exercisers were asked to complete at least 50-minutes of moderate-intensity activity 3 times each week either in-person (n=20) or at-home (n-17). Both groups were provided individualized exercise prescriptions including a 5-minute warm-up, 50-minutes of exercise related to group allocation, and a cool-down period. Maternal resting heart rate and blood pressure (BP) were recorded at 16- and 36-weeks' gestation. Gestational weight gain and birth outcomes were obtained via electronic health record at delivery. Results. From enrollment to late pregnancy, at-home exercisers have significant increases in systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP, p<0.001 and 0.0003, respectively) whereas the in-person group did not (p=0.30 and 0.78, respectively). In-person exercisers had lower SBP and DBP in late pregnancy (p=0.04 and 0.01, respectively) relative to at-home exercisers. At-home exercise was correlated with higher late pregnancy SBP (r=-0.34, p=0.04), DBP (r=-0.42,p=0.01), and SBP change (r=-0.496, p=0.002). Group allocation was a predictor for late pregnancy DBP (p=0.007) and SBP change (0.036). There were no differences in infant birth outcomes. Conclusion. Supervised in-person exercise training with the proper precautions has similar birth outcomes and may be more beneficial for maternal cardiovascular health relative to at-home training.
Targeting Tumor-Induced Immunosuppression Using Conventional Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Eriksson Emma , Lövgren Tanja , Loskog Angelica
Published: December 2021

Immunosuppression remains a challenge in the immunotherapy field and needs to be combated to increase survival of patients suffering from cancer. There have been no phase III trials that have in an organized, statistically reliable setting compared immunotherapy outcome with or without so called preconditioning, or metronomic conditioning, in randomized settings. The current view on preconditioning is that it may be used both to reduce tumor load and to reduce suppressive immune cells prior to immunotherapy. For combination treatments, immunotherapy such as checkpoint blockade has shown benefit in combination with chemotherapy even if the major goals of those studies may not have been to condition the patient for a better immune response due to reduced immunosuppression. Nevertheless, there is a need to further enhance the promising effect of cancer immunotherapy. We argue herein that there are several interesting conventional cancer therapeutics to explore for combinational use with immunotherapy to enhance response rates and achieve a longer overall survival of patients. This review will discuss mechanisms of conventional cancer therapeutics of interest for combination therapy. For example, gemcitabine and several tyrosine kinase inhibitors have profound effect on myeloid-derived suppressor cells while tyrosine kinase inhibitors can enhance T cell infiltration into tumors likely due to increased chemokine signaling. Further, cyclophosphamide is well known for its capacity to reduce Tregs and is used to precondition patients prior T cell therapy. How to combine these agents with immunotherapy to further increase patient survival is an important next step in the immunotherapeutic field.
Comprehensive method for the detection and quantification of drugs of abuse in urine by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in a drug rehabilitation clinical setting
Authors: Alhassan Abuelgasim , Elliott Simon , Venayikot Muneeb , Ghafri Hamad
Published: December 2021

Within the clinical setting of drug rehabilitation, it is important to be able to monitor for the use of drugs using sensitive and selective techniques whilst accounting for high throughput and numbers of patients to provide rapid results to clinicians. To meet this need, a comprehensive LC-MS-MS method for the confirmation and quantitation of a wide variety of drugs of abuse relevant to drug rehabilitation in the United Arab Emirates has been developed, validated and applied to patient urine samples. Following automated solid phase extraction, detection and quantitation involved multiple reaction monitoring with electrospray ionization. With few exceptions, within and between-batch accuracy and precision performance was shown to be within 20% across all drug types including amphetamines and related stimulants, benzodiazepines, opiates/opioids, cocaine and metabolites, cannabinoids, hallucinogens and ketamine (including metabolites) in urine. Results for 280 drug positive patient specimens showed good agreement with the previous in-house GC–MS approach. The LC-MS-MS replaces the existing GC-MS approach and can be expanded easily with the introduction of additional MRM transitions as and when required (e.g. if new or other drugs of abuse are to be considered) to support the work of the clinical team in this special area of clinical toxicology and medicine.
Lacrimal Gland Orbital Lobe Cystic Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bailey Dylan , Czyz Craig , Bergstrom Reece , Grossniklaus Hans
Published: December 2021

This report describes a case of cystic, extranodal, marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the orbital lobe of the lacrimal gland in a 70-year-old female. Case of cystic MALT lymphoma isolated to the orbital lobe of the lacrimal gland are rare, with six case reported in the literature. Initial clinical examination revealed bilateral dermatochalasis and a medial left upper lid contour deformity thought to be involutional ptosis. There was no suspicion for a mass lesion. Imaging and subsequent specialist clinical, pathologic, an immunochemical evaluation showed diagnostic features of cystic lacrimal gland orbital lobe MALT lymphoma. Clinical, radiographic, and immunohistopathologic and immunohistochemical findings are detailed. A review of literature was performed and discussed.