bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sub-photon accuracy noise reduction of a single shot coherent diffraction pattern with an atomic model trained autoencoder
Authors: Ishikawa Takuto , Takeo Yoko , Sakurai Kai , Yoshinaga Kyota , Furuya Noboru , Inubushi Yuichi , Tono Kensuke , Joti Yasumasa , Yabashi Makina , Kimura Takashi , Yoshimi Kazuyoshi
Published: April 2024

Single-shot imaging with femtosecond X-ray lasers is a powerful measurement technique that can achieve both high spatial and temporal resolution. However, its accuracy has been severely limited by the difficulty of applying conventional noise-reduction processing. This study uses deep learning to validate noise reduction techniques, with autoencoders serving as the learning model. Focusing on the diffraction patterns of nanoparticles, we simulated a large dataset treating the nanoparticles as composed of many independent atoms. Three neural network architectures are investigated: neural network, convolutional neural network and U-net, with U-net showing superior performance in noise reduction and subphoton reproduction. We also extended our models to apply to diffraction patterns of particle shapes different from those in the simulated data. We then applied the U-net model to a coherent diffractive imaging study, wherein a nanoparticle in a microfluidic device is exposed to a single X-ray free-electron laser pulse. After noise reduction, the reconstructed nanoparticle image improved significantly even though the nanoparticle shape was different from the training data, highlighting the importance of transfer learning.
Optical-parametric-amplification-enhanced background-free spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Mingchen , Gray Robert M. , Roy Arkadev , Ledezma Luis , Marandi Alireza
Published: April 2024

Traditional absorption spectroscopy has a fundamental difficulty in resolving small absorbance from a strong background due to the instability of laser sources. Existing background-free methods in broadband vibrational spectroscopy help to alleviate this problem but face challenges in realizing either low extinction ratios or time-resolved field measurements. Here, we introduce optical-parametric-amplification-enhanced background-free spectroscopy, in which the excitation background is first suppressed by an interferometer, and then the free-induction decay that carries molecular signatures is selectively amplified. We show that this method can improve the limit of detection in linear interferometry by order(s) of magnitude without requiring lower extinction ratios or a time-resolved measurement, which can benefit sensing applications in detecting trace species.
K-means non-uniform-quantization digital–analog radio-over-fiber scheme for THz-band photonics-aided wireless fronthaul
Authors: Wang Mingxu , Yu Jianjun , Zhao Xianming , Bian Chengzhen , Zhou Wen , Wang Kaihui
Published: April 2024

We propose a non-uniform-quantization digital–analog radio-over-fiber (NUQ-DA-RoF) scheme based on an advanced K-means NUQ algorithm and demonstrate it experimentally in a 2-m 300-GHz photonics-aided wireless fronthaul system. Results show that the NUQ-DA-RoF scheme achieves a SNR gain of ∼1.9 dB compared to the uniform-quantization DA-RoF (UQ-DA-RoF) at an equivalent Common Public Radio Interface equivalent data rate (CPRI-EDR). Remarkably, the NUQ-DA-RoF scheme exhibits an ∼1.6-dB power sensitivity enhancement over the UQ-DA-RoF at the 256-QAM SNR threshold. These findings highlight the advantages of the NUQ-DA-RoF scheme over UQ-DA-RoF in terms of power budget and SNR improvement, suggesting promising prospects for future radio access networks and wireless fronthaul.
Facilitators and barriers to vaccination uptake in pregnancy: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Razai Mohammad S. , Mansour Rania , Ravindran Pahalavi , Freeman Samuel , Mason-Apps Charlotte , Morris Joan , Majeed Azeem , Ussher Michael , Hargreaves Sally , Oakeshott Pippa
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Vaccination during pregnancy protects both the mother and the foetus from vaccine-preventable diseases. However, uptake of the recommended vaccines (influenza, pertussis, COVID-19) by pregnant women remains low in Europe and the USA. Understanding the reasons for this is crucial to inform strategies to increase vaccination rates in pregnant women. This qualitative systematic review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to vaccination against influenza, pertussis/whooping cough and COVID-19 during pregnancy and identify possible strategies to increase vaccination rates.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases, including Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, WHO database, Embase and grey literature to identify qualitative studies that explored barriers and facilitators to vaccine uptake among pregnant women (PROSPERO CRD42023399488). The search was limited to studies published between 2012 and 2022 conducted in high-income countries with established vaccination programmes during pregnancy. Studies were thematically analysed and underwent quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute validated critical appraisal tool for qualitative research.

Results

Out of 2681 articles screened, 28 studies (n = 1573 participants) were eligible for inclusion. Five overarching themes emerged relating to personal, provider and systemic factors. Barriers to vaccine uptake included concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy, lack of knowledge about vaccines’ benefits and necessity, fear of adverse effects on the foetus or mother and low perception of disease severity. Facilitators included recommendations from trusted healthcare providers, easy access to vaccination, clear communication on the benefits and safety of vaccination, and positive social influences from family and friends. Strategies for increasing vaccination uptake included strong and proactive vaccine recommendations by trusted healthcare professionals, provision of vaccines during routine antenatal care, and clear and consistent communication about vaccines addressing pregnant women’s concerns.

Conclusion

This review highlights the need for interventions that address the identified barriers to vaccine uptake among pregnant women. Recommendation from a healthcare provider can play a significant role in promoting vaccine uptake, as can clear risk/benefit communication and convenient access to vaccination. Addressing concerns about vaccine safety and providing accurate information about vaccines is also important.
Tumor microenvironment restricts IL-10 induced multipotent progenitors to myeloid-lymphatic phenotype
Authors: Volk-Draper Lisa , Athaiya Shaswati , Espinosa Gonzalez Maria , Bhattarai Nihit , Wilber Andrew , Ran Sophia
Published: April 2024

Lymphangiogenesis is induced by local pro-lymphatic growth factors and bone marrow (BM)-derived myeloid-lymphatic endothelial cell progenitors (M-LECP). We previously showed that M-LECP play a significant role in lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in clinical breast cancer (BC) and experimental BC models. We also showed that differentiation of mouse and human M-LECP can be induced through sequential activation of colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) pathways. This treatment activates the autocrine interleukin-10 (IL-10) pathway that, in turn, induces myeloid immunosuppressive M2 phenotype along with lymphatic-specific proteins. Because IL-10 is implicated in differentiation of numerous lineages, we sought to determine whether this pathway specifically promotes the lymphatic phenotype or multipotent progenitors that can give rise to M-LECP among other lineages. Analyses of BM cells activated either by CSF-1/TLR4 ligands in vitro or orthotopic breast tumors in vivo showed expansion of stem/progenitor population and coincident upregulation of markers for at least four lineages including M2-macrophage, lymphatic endothelial, erythroid, and T-cells. Induction of cell plasticity and multipotency was IL-10 dependent as indicated by significant reduction of stem cell markers and those for multiple lineages in differentiated cells treated with anti-IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) antibody or derived from IL-10R knockout mice. However, multipotent CD11b+/Lyve-1+/Ter-119+/CD3e+ progenitors detected in BM appeared to split into a predominant myeloid-lymphatic fraction and minor subsets expressing erythroid and T-cell markers upon establishing tumor residence. Each sub-population was detected at a distinct intratumoral site. This study provides direct evidence for differences in maturation status between the BM progenitors and those reaching tumor destination. The study results suggest preferential tumor bias towards expansion of myeloid-lymphatic cells while underscoring the role of IL-10 in early BM production of multipotent progenitors that give rise to both hematopoietic and endothelial lineages.
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis on the Jordanian higher education system
Authors: Hamasha Mohammad M. , Alomari Areen Jihad , Bani-Irshid Ala H.
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 pandemic-induced E-learning in Jordanian higher education. Through a quantitative survey, the study analyzes the independent variables of system use and user satisfaction, finding that information quality and service quality significantly affect these variables and that user satisfaction notably impacts E-learning. System usage moderates these effects. This research comprehensively analyzes the effects of the COVID-19 epidemic on Jordanian higher education, focusing on E-learning. It shows how information, system, and service quality affect system use and user satisfaction. The study also emphasizes these aspects’ importance in E-learning platform effectiveness. The study offers actionable insights and recommendations to help Jordan establish more resilient and effective educational policies and practices that can adjust to higher education shocks. The study recommends establishing a specialized department to modify student intention to use E-learning systems, not only during the pandemic crisis but also after-ward, to improve familiarity with E-learning tools. This study provides insights into the pandemic’s impact on Jordan’s higher education system and suggests future approaches to enhance E-learning platforms. It contributes to the development of effective E-learning systems that can improve higher education standards by pinpointing the key effects of the pandemic on the independent variables and offering workable solutions. The study emphasizes the importance of information and service quality in improving user satisfaction and system usage in E-learning.
Surgical appropriateness nudges: Developing behavioral science nudges to integrate appropriateness criteria into the decision making of spine surgeons
Authors: Nuckols Teryl K. , Chen Peggy G. , Shetty Kanaka D. , Brara Harsimran S. , Anand Neel , Qureshi Nabeel , Skaggs David L. , Doctor Jason N. , Pevnick Joshua M. , Mannion Anne F. ,   Surgical Appropriateness Nudge Authorship Group
Published: April 2024

Background

Substantial variation exists in surgeon decision making. In response, multiple specialty societies have established criteria for the appropriate use of spine surgery. Yet few strategies exist to facilitate routine use of appropriateness criteria by surgeons. Behavioral science nudges are increasingly used to enhance decision making by clinicians. We sought to design “surgical appropriateness nudges” to support routine use of appropriateness criteria for degenerative lumbar scoliosis and spondylolisthesis.

Methods

The work reflected Stage I of the NIH Stage Model for Behavioral Intervention Development and involved an iterative, multi-method approach, emphasizing qualitative methods. Study sites included two large referral centers for spine surgery. We recruited spine surgeons from both sites for two rounds of focus groups. To produce preliminary nudge prototypes, we examined sources of variation in surgeon decision making (Focus Group 1) and synthesized existing knowledge of appropriateness criteria, behavioral science nudge frameworks, electronic tools, and the surgical workflow. We refined nudge prototypes via feedback from content experts, site leaders, and spine surgeons (Focus Group 2). Concurrently, we collected data on surgical practices and outcomes at study sites. We pilot tested the refined nudge prototypes among spine surgeons, and surveyed them about nudge applicability, acceptability, and feasibility (scale 1–5, 5 = strongly agree).

Results

Fifteen surgeons participated in focus groups, giving substantive input and feedback on nudge design. Refined nudge prototypes included: individualized surgeon score cards (frameworks: descriptive social norms/peer comparison/feedback), online calculators embedded in the EHR (decision aid/mapping), a multispecialty case conference (injunctive norms/social influence), and a preoperative check (reminders/ salience of information/ accountable justification). Two nudges (score cards, preop checks) incorporated data on surgeon practices and outcomes. Six surgeons pilot tested the refined nudges, and five completed the survey (83%). The overall mean score was 4.0 (standard deviation [SD] 0.5), with scores of 3.9 (SD 0.5) for applicability, 4.1 (SD 0.5) for acceptability, and 4.0 (SD 0.5), for feasibility. Conferences had the highest scores 4.3 (SD 0.6) and calculators the lowest 3.9 (SD 0.4).

Conclusions

Behavioral science nudges might be a promising strategy for facilitating incorporation of appropriateness criteria into the surgical workflow of spine surgeons. Future stages in intervention development will test whether these surgical appropriateness nudges can be implemented in practice and influence surgical decision making.
Changes in parenting behavior in the time of COVID—19: A mixed method approach
Authors: Mesesan-Schmitz Luiza , Coman Claudiu , Stanciu Carmen , Bucur Venera , Tiru Laurentiu Gabriel , Bularca Maria Cristina
Published: April 2024

This study was designed to explore mothers’ perceptions about changes in parenting behavior in the middle of the pandemic COVID 19 period. Based on the convergent mixed-method design and Parental Stress model, we illustrated these changes by taking into account the impact of the pandemic perceived by mothers and the resources they had available. Research on parenting changes was important in the Romanian context because, in that challenging period, there were no regulations to safeguard parents, especially single parents as mothers. Mothers experienced increased levels of stress, some of them having to leave their jobs to stay at home with their children. Other mothers needed to work from home and in the meantime to take care of their children. In this context we wanted to illustrate the possible changes that occurred in their parenting behavior during the pandemic period. Results from the quantitative survey showed that there is a moderate correlation between the negative impact felt by mothers and the negative changes in their parenting behavior, and this correlation was diminished by a series of resources such as: social support, parenting alliance, or high income. Qualitative data provided better understanding of mothers’ parenting behavior by showing that mothers shared both positive and negative experiences during the pandemic, regardless of the general trend mentioned. As shown by the quantitative data, the qualitative data also showed that mothers who felt more strongly the impact of the pandemic reported more negative changes in their parenting behavior. The positive changes most frequently stated involved expressing affection and communicating more often on various topics, carrying out leisure activities or activities meant to help with the personal development of the child, and involving children in domestic activities. Mothers mostly described negative aspects such as too much involvement in school life, increased control and surveillance of children, especially when it comes to school related activities and to the time children were allowed to spend on their digital devices. These changes led to conflicts and sometimes, mothers resorted to discipline practices. In addition to the resources identified in quantitative research, mothers with higher education and medium–high income also turned to specialized resources (psychologists, online courses, support groups) in order to manage conflicts, them being able to see the challenges of the pandemic as an opportunity to develop and improve the relationship with their children.
Tobacco price elasticity by socioeconomic characteristics in Ecuador
Authors: Mena Ana Cristina , Paraje Guillermo
Published: April 2024

Smoking is a worldwide epidemic and increased prices are one of the most cost-effective measures to reduce tobacco consumption. This article aims to estimate the price and income elasticity of cigarettes for different population groups in Ecuador. The National Survey of Urban and Rural Household Income and Expenditures (ENIGHUR) 2011–2012 was used, which has information on household cigarette consumption and its sociodemographic characteristics. Deaton’s Almost Ideal Demand System, which decouples the effect of quality on the price of the good, was applied. The elasticities were calculated for several groups: urban/rural, income levels (tertiles), education level, sex and age ranges of the household head, and frequency of cigarette purchases in households. The estimated price elasticity nationwide is -0.89 and the income elasticity is 0.41, both statistically significant. Households headed by women (-2.22) are more sensitive to an increase in cigarette prices than those headed by men (-0.65) and households headed by people between 20 and 40 years of age (-2.32) have a higher price elasticity compared to country-level estimations. Differences within other groups are not statistically significant.
A bilateral filtering-based image enhancement for Alzheimer disease classification using CNN
Authors: Awarayi Nicodemus Songose , Twum Frimpong , Hayfron-Acquah James Ben , Owusu-Agyemang Kwabena
Published: April 2024

This study aims to develop an optimally performing convolutional neural network to classify Alzheimer’s disease into mild cognitive impairment, normal controls, or Alzheimer’s disease classes using a magnetic resonance imaging dataset. To achieve this, we focused the study on addressing the challenge of image noise, which impacts the performance of deep learning models. The study introduced a scheme for enhancing images to improve the quality of the datasets. Specifically, an image enhancement algorithm based on histogram equalization and bilateral filtering techniques was deployed to reduce noise and enhance the quality of the images. Subsequently, a convolutional neural network model comprising four convolutional layers and two hidden layers was devised for classifying Alzheimer’s disease into three (3) distinct categories, namely mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and normal controls. The model was trained and evaluated using a 10-fold cross-validation sampling approach with a learning rate of 0.001 and 200 training epochs at each instance. The proposed model yielded notable results, such as an accuracy of 93.45% and an area under the curve value of 0.99 when trained on the three classes. The model further showed superior results on binary classification compared with existing methods. The model recorded 94.39%, 94.92%, and 95.62% accuracies for Alzheimer’s disease versus normal controls, Alzheimer’s disease versus mild cognitive impairment, and mild cognitive impairment versus normal controls classes, respectively.
GIS Tips & Tricks ‐ Need More Tools? Try These...
Authors: Karlin Al
Published: April 2024

Geoprocessing tools are the nuts of bolts of GIS processing. An “off-the-shelf” GIS software package could come with several hundred standard tools. But what are the options for a beginning or intermediate GIS analyst when you face a GIS question that requires a new or different
tool. Well??? there are actually multiple options available, some easier to access than others. Below are a few “tips” for finding tools not included with the off-the-shelf GIS products. Please note that these are options, and not endorsements or recommendations.
Bibliometric Review Methodology and State of the Science Bibliometric Review of Research on Problem-based Learning, 2017-2021
Authors: Hallinger Philip
Published: April 2024

Bibliometric reviews of research have gained increased popularity since the mid-2010s. Yet, many readers may be uncertain as to the purpose and method of bibliometric reviews. This article provides an introduction to bibliometric review methods, clarifying their purpose, as well as methods of data collection, analysis, and interpretation. The latter portion of the article is devoted to a state-of-the-science, bibliometric review of research on problem-based learning. In this review, the author applied descriptive statistics, citation analysis, and co-citation analysis to a database of 5,764 Scopus-indexed documents on problem-based learning published between 2017 and 2021. The analyses found increasing diversity of the PBL knowledge base with respect to both geographical, subject area origins, and focus of the research when compared with findings reported in past reviews. Author co-citation analysis visualized the intellectual structure of this recent PBL literature revealing four dominant schools of thought: Interdisciplinary PBL Theory and Practice, Active Learning, Social and Experiential Learning, PBL Process. This finding highlights the increasing integration of PBL with other methods of experiential and active learning.
Muñoz, L., Rodríguez, M. Del R. y José Abreu (coord.). Guerras irregulares en el Caribe, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo - Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora, 2020.
Authors: Alcántara Ceballos Yuzzel
Published: April 2024

Observar a través de una lupa nos lleva a posicionar la mirada sobre aquello que se oculta en los niveles micro a donde los ojos ya no alcanzan a ver, y nos revela su potencial creador de mundos. De manera análoga, los artículos compilados en este libro conducen nuestra mirada hacia horizontes microscópicos del mundo social que dan cuenta de la fuerza e importancia que los hechos de la vida cotidiana tienen en el desarrollo de las guerras, así como el papel que juegan los personajes que se alejan de la figura del héroe, o bien, toda la red de problemas que puede ocasionar un objeto de consumo como lo es la sal. Se trata de la guerra vista desde abajo, o vista con una lente de mayor graduación. Esta es la riqueza del enfoque que abre la noción de “guerra irregular”, apostando por explicar las guerras ya no desde las perspectivas tradicionales que nos hablan de las grandes batallas y sus afamados héroes, sino rescatando de los archivos nuevos documentos, cartas, diarios y revistas cuyo contenido demanda nuevos relatos con nuevas versiones de los hechos.
Integración de la incertidumbre natural temporal y espacial asociada al coeficiente de rugosidad Manning en modelos bidimensionales de inundaciones rápidas
Authors: Ramos-Cañón Alfonso Mariano , Castro Malaver Lady Carolina , Escobar-Castaneda Nicolás
Published: April 2024

Contexto: La variabilidad natural (incertidumbre) espacial y la temporal de los insumos que intervienen en la modelación hidrodinámica, para la evaluación de la amenaza y la delimitación de las zonas potencialmente inundables, se propagan en las variables de salida de los modelos. En la práctica, suele considerarse la variabilidad natural temporal en términos de periodo de retorno, pero poco se ha analizado la propagación de la incertidumbre espacial del coeficiente de rugosidad.
Metodología: En este trabajo se presenta el análisis de la propagación de la incertidumbre a través del método primer orden segundo momento del coeficiente de rugosidad de Manning, en las variables de salida de profundidad, velocidad e intensidad de flujo del modelo numérico de aguas someras, implementado en HEC RAS 2D. Se analizó una inundación súbita simulada en el municipio de Mocoa (Putumayo) y la correspondiente probabilidad de alcanzar un nivel de daño para diferentes periodos de retorno, a propósito de los eventos ocurridos en marzo de 2017.
Resultados: Se obtiene un procedimiento aplicable a la evaluación de la amenaza de inundación, en el que se integra la variabilidad natural temporal asociada a las hidrógrafas con diferentes periodos de retorno, y la variabilidad natural espacial relacionada con el coeficiente de rugosidad de Manning.
Conclusiones: La propagación de la incertidumbre establece una relación directa entre el aumento del caudal (periodos de retorno) y el aumento de la incertidumbre en la evaluación del indicador de amenaza por inundación.
Oscilaciones jurídicas del anarquismo español
Authors: Álvarez Cora Enrique
Published: April 2024

Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y la primera mitad del siglo XX, el anarquismo español osciló entre corrientes o sensibilidades ácratas: anarcocolectivismo, anarcoindividualismo, anarcocomunismo, anarcosindicalismo... En estas oscilaciones, regidas por la armonía, la antinomia o el solapamiento, el pensamiento libertario vibraba del realismo a la utopía, de la libertad absoluta a la solidaridad, del individuo a la organización, de la razón natural a la razón rebelde, de la doctrina a la acción en el seno de la propaganda, de la evolución transformadora a la revolución social, del pacifismo a la fascinación por la violencia y de la violencia al terrorismo, de la destrucción del capital y el Estado al establecimiento del sindicato y la comuna, de la anomia al derecho ontológico, de los derechos individuales a las libertades fisiológicas, del derecho objetivo al derecho subjetivo, del derecho natural al derecho positivo, de la autonomía y el reglamento al pacto o la costumbre... Y en estas oscilaciones los conceptos jurídicos se tiñeron de originalidad, inestabilidad y complejidad, encendida así una relación enigmática entre anarquía y derecho que preocupó incesantemente tanto a la conciencia libertaria como a su némesis.
Production of Edible Film from Isolate Soy Protein with Addition of Palmitic/Lauric Acids
Authors: Muhammad Firnanda Rayyan , Paramita Vita
Published: April 2024

Abstract – On the structure, physical and functional properties of soy protein isolate/sodium alginate films, the influence of chain length and concentration of various fatty acids (palmitic acid and lauric acid) was evaluated. The fatty acid content of the films was validated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The opacity of films treated with fatty acids increases with increasing fatty acid chain length or concentration. The ability of a film to act as a moisture barrier is strongly influenced by the type and concentration of fatty acids. Films impregnated with stearic acid outperform other films in terms of effectiveness. Compared with films integrating stearic acid, those containing lauric acid showed greater elongation at break. Insoluble particles and greater roughness were seen in scanning electron micrographs of films containing fatty acids. These findings suggest that appropriate fatty acids can be used to create biopolymer-based films with the required characteristics. From this research it was found that the most optimal conditions for making edible film made from protein isolate with the addition of lauric acid and palmitic acid are a fatty acid ratio of 2:3, drying at a temperature of 75°C and drying for 3 hours to obtain a tensile strength value of 0.97 MPa and elongation of 24%.
Nata De Coco Production with Addition of Antocyanin from Mangosteen Peel Extract
Authors: Pratama Irawan Adi , Amalia Rizka , Mario Abraham
Published: April 2024

Mangosteen peel is rich antioxidant compounds which are very beneficial for human health and this potential is being utilized by the community. Mangosteen peel extract contains anthocyanin compounds. Anthocyanin are considered as active compounds whose consumption is associated with beneficial health effects. Nata de coco has many benefits for health, especially digestion, because of its high fiber content, low calories, and does not contain cholesterol. This research examines the optimum operating conditions of the nata de coco production process with the addition of mangosteen peel anthocyanin extract and the characteristics of the resulting nata de coco. This research study was carried out with various variables including: The ratio between mangosteen peel extract and coconut water (1:19 and 9:1 (v/v)), fermentation time 10 and 13 days), and Acetobacter xylinum volume (2,5% and 10%). During the research, the water content of the mangosteen peel was analyzed for yield and Total Anthocyanin Content. The result product were tested in thickness, weight, organoleptic, pH, crude fiber content, and Total Anthocyanin Content of Nata de Coco.
Tindak Tutur Direktif dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMAN 1 Mijen, Demak
Authors: Putri Elok Octaviani , Astuti Sri Puji
Published: April 2024

Directive speech acts in learning Indonesian can be used as a way to determine the success of the learning process that takes place in class X IPA and X IPS at SMAN 1 Mijen, Demak.this study aims to describe the form and role of directive speech acts in learning Indonesian at SMAN 1 Mijen. This study uses the directive act theory of Ibrahim’s opinion. Data collection uses the technique of Simak Bebas Libat Cakap, recording technique and notetaking. The data analysis using a pragmatic equivalent method. The results of this study revealed that (1) the form of directive speech acts of class X IPA found four forms including 'requestives', 'questions', 'requirements', and 'advisories', while class X IPS found six forms including 'requestives', 'questions', 'requirements', 'prohibitive', 'permissives' and 'advisories'; and (2) directive speech acts in Indonesian language learning play a role in providing information, providing direction, disciplining, encouraging students to interact, motivate, and provide advice.
The analgesic effects of insulin and its disorders in streptozotocin‐induced short‐term diabetes
Authors: Basatinya Ali Mohammad , Sajedianfard Javad , Nazifi Saeed , Hosseinzadeh Saied
Published: April 2024

Evidence suggests that insulin resistance plays an important role in developing diabetes complications. The association between insulin resistance and pain perception is less well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of peripheral insulin deficiency on pain pathways in the brain. Diabetes was induced in 60 male rats with streptozotocin (STZ). Insulin was injected into the left ventricle of the brain by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection, then pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of 2.5% formalin. Samples were collected at 4 weeks after STZ injection. Dopamine (DA), serotonin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) were measured by ELISA, and gene factors were assessed by RT‐qPCR. In diabetic rats, the levels of DA, serotonin, and mGSH decreased in the nuclei of the thalamus, raphe magnus, and periaqueductal gray, and the levels of ROS increased. In addition, the levels of expression of the neuron‐specific enolase and receptor for advanced glycation end genes increased, but the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein expression was reduced. These results support the findings that insulin has an analgesic effect in non‐diabetic rats, as demonstrated by the formalin test. ICV injection of insulin reduces pain sensation, but this was not observed in diabetic rats, which may be due to cell damage ameliorated by insulin.
Scattering threshold for the focusing energy-critical generalized Hartree equation
Authors: Almuthaybiri Saleh , Peng Congming , Saanouni Tarek
Published: April 2024

This work investigates the asymptotic behavior of energy solutions to the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation of Choquard type

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i{\partial }_{t}u+\Delta u+{| u| }^{p-2}\left({I}_{\alpha }* {| u| }^{p})u=0,\hspace{1.0em}p=1+\frac{2+\alpha }{N-2},\hspace{1.0em}N\ge 3.

Indeed, in the energy-critical spherically symmetric regime, one proves a global existence and scattering versus finite time blow-up dichotomy. Precisely, if the data have an energy less than the ground state one, two cases are possible. If the kinetic energy of the radial data is less than the ground state one, then the solution is global and scatters. Otherwise, if the data have a finite variance or is spherically symmetric and have a finite mass, then the solution is nonglobal. The main difficulty is to deal with the nonlocal source term. The argument is the concentration-compactness-rigidity method introduced by Kenig and Merle (Global well-posedness, scattering and blow-up for the energy-critical, focusing, non-linear Schrödinger equation in the radial case, Invent. Math. 166 (2006), no. 3, 645–675). This note naturally complements the work by Saanouni (Scattering theory for a class of defocusing energy-critical Choquard equations, J. Evol. Equ. 21 (2021), 1551–1571), where the scattering of the defocusing energy-critical generalized Hartree equation was obtained.
Transformative Repetitions
Authors: Garton-Eisenacher Alexander
Published: April 2024

This article analyses the parallels between the pre-Qin Daoist notion of heng 恒 as a constancy that is nevertheless ceaselessly in motion, and Karl Barth’s concept of Beständigkeit as God’s constancy throughout infinite transformation. Underlying both concepts is an understanding of the ultimate origin (whether dao 道or the Christian God) as irreducibly temporal in nature. Stemming from this conviction, both systems of thought ultimately identify the continuous change of the ultimate origin with the flow of time in the universe. The commonalities found between these two traditions provide fresh resources to advance the study of both. On the one hand, Barth’s deliberate juxtaposition of contrary statements to illustrate the union of permanence and transience in Beständigkeit challenges the frequent assumption that similar juxtapositions in the pre-Qin texts comprise careless inconsistency or outright incoherence. By extension, Barth’s metaphysical underpinning of this juxtaposition offers a compelling framework to explicate the Daoist notion of heng. On the other hand, the pre-Qin texts’ confluence of permanence and freedom in the principle of ziran 自然 offers a new lens through which to read and hence redeem Barth’s oft-critiqued attempt to combine the irrevocability and ongoing freedom of God’s decision of election.
Integrating micro- and nanowaste glass with waste foundry sand in ultra-high-performance concrete to enhance material performance and sustainability
Authors: Zheng Dong , AlAteah Ali H. , Alsubeai Ali , Mostafa Sahar A.
Published: April 2024

The utilization of waste glass with micro- and nanoparticles in ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has garnered significant interest due to its potential to enhance sustainability and material performance. This study focuses on the implications of integrating microwaste glass (MG) and nanowaste glass in the presence of waste foundry sand and its impact on the properties of UHPC. The particular emphasis of the current work is on compressive strength, tensile strength, sorptivity, and microstructure. It is found that MG enhances compressive strength, decreased tensile strength, reduced sorptivity, and a more compact microstructure. The results indicate that replacing cement with 20% microglass achieves the optimal compressive strength by increasing up to 11.6% at 7 days, 9.5% at 28 days, and 10.18% at 56 days. Nanowaste glass, owing to its increased reactivity and larger surface area, accelerates calcium silicate hydrate formation and improves compressive strength. At the same time, the effective utilization of nanowaste glass improves long-term resilience with an optimum compressive strength at 1.5% replacement ratios of 17.5, 18.9, and 16% at 7, 28, and 56 days, respectively. Splitting tensile strength increased by 16% at 20% MG and 21% at 1.5% nanowaste glass, respectively. Utilizing MG and nanowaste glass in UHPC with waste foundry sand is a promising method for boosting material performance and minimizing environmental impact.
Prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia according to three fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria: A secondary analysis study
Authors: Fors Egil A. , Wensaas Knut-Arne , Helvik Anne-Sofie
Published: April 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of fibromyalgia (FM) according to different diagnostic criteria in a clinical sample and to explore the clinical characteristics in cases and non-cases by the diagnostic criteria used.

Methods

A sample of 182 participants, both positive (n = 120) and negative (n = 62) FM individuals according to a clinical, pragmatic classification was used. Their characteristics were explored according to three different FM diagnostic criteria, i.e., the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1990, ACR 2016, and APS Pain Taxonomy (AAPT), respectively. Thus, impact of FM (FIQ), symptoms of anxiety and depression (HADS), tender point (TP) counts, and mechanical pressure sensitivity (in kPa) were compared in cases versus non-cases depending on diagnostic criteria of FM used. Descriptive analyses used chi-square statistic for categorical variables and non-parametric Mann–Whitney U tests for continuous variables.

Results

From the clinical positive FM sample (n = 120), n = 99, 108, and 110 persons were diagnosed positive according to the ACR 1990, ACR 2016, and AAPT FM diagnostic criteria, respectively. All these three diagnostic tools discriminated FM positively from diagnostic FM non-cases when measuring TP-counts, mechanical pressures, and most FIQ-items, but they varied for anxiety and depression.

Conclusion

The prevalence of FM differed somewhat with the use of ACR 1990, ACR 2016, and the AAPT as diagnostic tools. The anxiety and depression symptoms differed significantly between cases and non-cases using some but not all the diagnostic criteria. Regarding other FM symptoms, e.g., TPs and most FIQ items, all diagnostic criteria contrasted case from non-case.
The Structural and Functional Integrity of Rod Photoreceptor Ribbon Synapses Depends on Redundant Actions of Dynamins 1 and 3
Authors: Hanke-Gogokhia Christin , Zapadka Thomas E. , Finkelstein Stella , Klingeborn Mikael , Maugel Timothy K. , Singer Joshua H. , Arshavsky Vadim Y. , Demb Jonathan B.
Published: April 2024

Vertebrate vision begins with light absorption by rod and cone photoreceptors, which transmit signals from their synaptic terminals to second-order neurons: bipolar and horizontal cells. In mouse rods, there is a single presynaptic ribbon-type active zone at which the release of glutamate occurs tonically in the dark. This tonic glutamatergic signaling requires continuous exo- and endocytosis of synaptic vesicles. At conventional synapses, endocytosis commonly requires dynamins: GTPases encoded by three genes (
Dnm13
), which perform membrane scission. Disrupting endocytosis by dynamin deletions impairs transmission at conventional synapses, but the impact of disrupting endocytosis and the role(s) of specific dynamin isoforms at rod ribbon synapses are understood incompletely. Here, we used cell-specific knock-outs (KOs) of the neuron-specific
Dnm1
and
Dnm3
to investigate the functional roles of dynamin isoforms in rod photoreceptors in mice of either sex. Analysis of synaptic protein expression, synapse ultrastructure, and retinal function via electroretinograms (ERGs) showed that dynamins 1 and 3 act redundantly and are essential for supporting the structural and functional integrity of rod ribbon synapses. Single
Dnm3
KO showed no phenotype, and single
Dnm1
KO only modestly reduced synaptic vesicle density without affecting vesicle size and overall synapse integrity, whereas double
Dnm1/Dnm3
KO impaired vesicle endocytosis profoundly, causing enlarged vesicles, reduced vesicle density, reduced ERG responses, synaptic terminal degeneration, and disassembly and degeneration of postsynaptic processes. Concurrently, cone function remained intact. These results show the fundamental redundancy of dynamins 1 and 3 in regulating the structure and function of rod ribbon synapses.
The Failure of Constructive Collective Action When We Need It Most
Authors: Cleary Seán M.
Published: April 2024

The war in Ukraine, after President Putin’s invasion on 24 February 2022, violated Article 2 of the UN Charter, as well as peremptory rules of public international law. It also represents a failure by the states and international organizations that opposed Mr. Putin’s illegal act to deter the invasion and to meet their “responsibility to protect” Ukrainian civilians and civilian infrastructure after the invasion. It exposed our collective inability to manage complex circumstances to avert tragedy in a highly connected world. The reasons are clear: overconfidence bordering on hubris in the West in the aftermath of the collapse of the USSR in 1991, and neglect of the need to construct a viable security architecture in Europe, coupled with Mr. Putin’s revanchism and nationalistic hubris. Meanwhile, in October 2023, the United States was confronted with a second major war in the Middle East after Hamas breached the border with Israel on 7 October, and Israel counterattacked in force. The costs of a failure to construct the “two-state solution” to the Israel and Palestine conflict were highlighted again. Washington and its allies also risk “sleepwalking” into a similar unintended conflict with China through a series of reciprocal miscalculations. Our limited cognitive capability to address the challenges posed by the workings of complex systems and our reliance on linear, logical processes to devise policies, which are often distorted by fear and ambition in their execution, are inadequate in the context of complexity. The illusion of control of future circumstances that afflicts governance at all scales, sharpening conflict and fracturing even relatively mature national societies, is particularly dangerous in the context of the deep global connectivity effected in the past three decades. The asymmetry of a highly connected global economy and a deeply fractured global society has exposed the dysfunctionality of our international policy, triggering a symmetry break in the international rules-based order, and tipping the world system into a new meta-stable state in which the “West” is increasingly pitted against the “Global South.” Reconfiguration, based on humility and reflection, is urgently needed.
Three New Design Patterns for Scalable Agent-Based Computing and Simulation
Authors: Najdek Mateusz , Paciorek Mateusz , Turek Wojciech , Byrski Aleksander
Published: April 2024

Multi-agent approach is very popular for modelling and simulation of complex phenomena, design and programming of decentralised computing systems. Asynchronous beings, which do not share state but communicate using messages are a convenient abstraction for representing various phenomena observed in the real world. When the number of the considered agents grows, the designers and developers of such systems must address the problem of performance. Introducing distribution is often a weapon of choice, which, however, does not guarantee obtaining proper scalability and efficiency. The intensity of communication in a large-scale agent-based system can easily exceed the abilities of a distributed hardware architecture, leading to poor performance. After analysing various distributed agent-based systems, we identified several reasons for limited performance and several architectural solutions, which can help overcoming this problem. The main aim of the presented work is identification and systematization of these architectural solutions in the form of design patterns. As a result, we propose three new design patterns for building scalable distributed agent-based systems. A systematic description of their aims, structure, variants and features is provided, together with examples of applications.
Physiological deceiving of Rutilus kutum fry with a saline diet in freshwater to stimulate the ionosmotic regulation system and direct transfer to the Caspian Sea
Authors: Farabi Seyyed Mohammad Vahid , Safari Reza , Ghiasi Maryam , Behrouzi Shahryar
Published: April 2024

Caspian Rutilus kutum with the scientific name of Rutilus Kutum is one of the most important economic fish in the southern region of the Caspian Sea. Millions of juvenile fish are released into the rivers each year to resource reconstruct sea fish. At this time the rivers are not suitable due to water pollution for the release of juveniles. One of the most common methods in the world is the readiness of juveniles to transfer directly from freshwater to seawater by stimulating its osmotic regulation system in freshwater. This study was carried out on the feasibility of increasing the physiological capacity of juvenile fish with a salt diet in freshwater. Fish fry were fed and reared for 35 days in two earthen ponds with commercial feed up to a weight of 1±0.1 grams. In an earthen pond and the last 15 days of the rearing period, the fry was fed with a 2% salt diet. Then the fish in 2 experimental groups and 3 repetitions were directly introduced to the Caspian Sea water. Fish gill and kidney tissues were sampled before and after the experiment under salt stress. The results of the biometric examination of the fry showed that there was no disturbance in their growth process by feeding them with a salty diet. The relationship between the length and weight of fry fed with a salty diet (F1) and without feeding with a salty diet (F2) had a high correlation coefficient (0.99 and 0.98, respectively). The condition factor was no significant difference between groups F1 and F2 (P>0.05). As well as the survival rate of juvenile fish was 100% during the assay period in brackish water (15 days) and there was no adverse change in the tissues in the two groups. Also, investigation of gill tissue sections showed that after introduction to brackish water, the chloride cells were observed in all two groups. However, fish fed with a salty diet in fresh water and after exposure to brackish water had a larger size and more chloride cells than the control group. Therefore, there is the possibility of directly releasing of juveniles about one gram into the Caspian Sea based on their physiological ability.