bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A prediction model on incident chronic kidney disease among individuals with type 2 diabetes in the United States
Authors: Lin Yilu , Shao Hui , Fonseca Vivian , Anderson Amanda H. , Batuman Vecihi , Shi Lizheng
Published: June 2023

Aim

Early identification of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals with diabetes may help improve patients' clinical outcomes. This study aimed to develop a prediction equation for incident CKD among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials and Methods

A time‐varying Cox model was applied to data from the ACCORD trial to predict the risk of incident CKD. A list of candidate variables was chosen based on literature reviews and experts' consultations, including demographic characteristics, vitals, laboratory results, medical history, drug use and health care utilization. Model performance was evaluated. Decomposition analysis was conducted, and external validation was performed.

Results

In total, 6006 patients with diabetes free of CKD were included, with a median follow‐up of 3 years and 2257 events. The risk model included age at T2D diagnosed, smoking status, body mass index, high‐density lipoprotein, very‐low‐density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urine albumin‐creatinine ratio, hypoglycaemia, retinopathy, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease history, antihyperlipidaemic drug use, antihypertensive drug use and hospitalization. The urine albumin‐creatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate and congestive heart failure were the top three factors that contributed most to the incident CKD prediction. The model showed acceptable discrimination [C‐statistic: 0.772 (95% CI 0.767‐0.805)] and calibration [Brier Score: 0.0504 (95% CI 0.0477‐0.0531)] in the Harmony Outcomes Trial.

Conclusion

Incident CKD prediction among individuals with T2D was developed and validated for use in decision support of CKD prevention.
Strategic assets or second‐class citizens? Teaching‐focused faculty in business schools
Authors: Queenan Carrie , Nargundkar Satish V.
Published: June 2023

Business schools have significantly increased the percentage of teaching‐focused faculty (defined here as full‐time faculty with doctorates not on the tenure track) over the last decades. However, many schools have not adequately updated their policies to support these faculty, leading some teaching‐focused faculty to feel like second‐class citizens. In this article, we provide a literature review of teaching‐focused faculty hiring trends, challenges faced by teaching‐focused faculty and the institutions that hire them, and proposed improvements to these challenges. Next, we draw from these best practices provided in the literature, as well as from first‐person interviews, to share how business schools address these challenges. Specifically, we use interviews from decision makers (current and former deans) to examine how schools approach hiring and supporting teaching‐focused faculty. Our study shows improved institutional support and acceptance of teaching‐focused faculty over the past two decades, but with room for continued improvement. We conclude by arguing that TF faculty should be treated as strategic assets within schools in order to support collegiality, acceptance, and professional respect, while also enhancing students’ learning opportunities. In doing so, we hope to start a discussion of best practices that can better equip schools to provide institutional support to teaching‐focused faculty.
Cognitive impairment is associated with gait variability and fall risk in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Dubbioso Raffaele , Spisto Myriam , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. , Aceto Gabriella , Iuzzolino Valentina Virginia , Senerchia Gianmaria , De Marco Stefania , Marcuccio Laura , Femiano Cinzia , Iodice Rosa , Salvatore Elena , Santangelo Gabriella , Trojano Luigi , Moretta Pasquale
Published: June 2023

Background

In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), gait abnormalities contribute to poor mobility and represent a relevant risk for falls. To date, gait studies in ALS patients have focused on the motor dimension of the disease, underestimating the cognitive aspects.

Methods

Using a wearable gait analysis device, we compared gait patterns in ambulatory ALS patients with mild cognitive impairment (ALS MCI+; n = 18), and without MCI (ALS MCI−; n = 24), and healthy subjects (HS; n = 16) under two conditions: (1) normal gait (single task) and (2) walking while counting backward (dual task). Finally, we examined if the occurrence and number of falls in the 3 months following the baseline test were related to cognition.

Results

In the single task condition, ALS patients, regardless of cognition, displayed higher gait variability than HS, especially for stance and swing time (p < 0.001). The dual task condition revealed additional differences in gait variability parameters between ALS MCI+ and ALS MCI− for cadence (p = 0.005), stance time (p = 0.04), swing time (p = 0.04) and stability index (p = 0.02). Moreover, ALS MCI+ showed a higher occurrence (p = 0.001) and number of falls (p < 0.001) at the follow‐up. Regression analyses demonstrated that MCI condition predicted the occurrence of future falls (β = 3.649; p = 0.01) and, together with executive dysfunction, was associated with the number of falls (cognitive impairment: β = 0.63; p < 0.001; executive dysfunction: β = 0.39; p = 0.03), regardless of motor impairment at clinical examination.

Conclusion

In ALS, MCI is associated with exaggerated gait variability and predicts the occurrence and number of short‐term falls.
Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of women with X‐linked Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Authors: Barbat du Closel Luce , Bonello‐Palot Nathalie , Péréon Yann , Echaniz‐Laguna Andoni , Camdessanche Jean Philippe , Nadaj‐Pakleza Aleksandra , Chanson Jean‐Baptiste , Frachet Simon , Magy Laurent , Cassereau Julien , Cintas Pascal , Choumert Ariane , Devic Perrine , Leonard Louis Sarah , Gravier Dumonceau Robinson , Delmont Emilien , Salort‐Campana Emmanuelle , Bouhour Françoise , Latour Philippe , Stojkovic Tanya , Attarian Shahram
Published: June 2023

Background

X‐Linked Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1 (CMTX1) is characterized by gender differences in clinical severity. Women are usually clinically affected later and less severely than men. However, their clinical presentation appears to be heterogenous. Our aim was to extend the phenotypic description in a large series of women with CMTX1.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 263 patients with CMTX1 from 11 French reference centers. Demographic, clinical, and nerve conduction data were collected. The severity was assessed by CMT Examination Score (CMTES) and Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale (ONLS) scores. We looked for asymmetrical strength, heterogeneous motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), and motor conduction blocks (CB).

Results

The study included 137 women and 126 men from 151 families. Women had significantly more asymmetric motor deficits and MNCV than men. Women with an age of onset after 19 years were milder. Two groups of women were identified after 48 years of age. The first group represented 55%, with women progressing as severely as men, however, with a later onset age. The second group had mild or no symptoms. Some 39% of women had motor CB. Four women received intravenous immunoglobulin before being diagnosed with CMTX1.

Conclusions

We identified two subgroups of women with CMTX1 who were over 48 years of age. Additionally, we have demonstrated that women with CMTX can exhibit an atypical clinical presentation, which may result in misdiagnosis. Therefore, in women presenting with chronic neuropathy, the presence of clinical asymmetry, heterogeneous MNCV, and/or motor CB should raise suspicion for X‐linked CMT, particularly CMTX1, and be included in the differential diagnosis.
Shared parental responsiveness among fathers and mothers with low income and early child outcomes
Authors: Lee Joyce Y. , Lee Shawna J. , Ward Kaitlin P. , Pace Garrett T. , Chang Olivia D.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Informed by the family systems theory, the current study aimed to examine whether shared parental responsiveness between fathers and mothers with low income was associated with preschoolers' developmental outcomes.

Background

Both fathers' and mothers' parental responsiveness are key contributors to their young children's development. However, the ways in which fathers and mothers work as a system, as well as the role of shared parental responsiveness in child development, are not well understood, especially among families from low‐income contexts.

Method

Participants were from the Building Strong Families project, a racially diverse group of families from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds (N = 1,173). Fathers' and mothers' parental responsiveness were observed during father–child and mother–child interactions using the two‐bags task. Preschoolers' child behavior problems, prosocial behaviors, and receptive language served as developmental outcomes of interest. A common fate approach to dyadic analysis was employed to create shared responsiveness and individual residual variance latent variables, which the child outcomes were regressed onto. Moderation analysis by fathers' resident status was conducted.

Results

Shared responsiveness positively predicted preschoolers' prosocial behaviors (Β = 0.33, p < .001) and receptive language (Β = 14.85, p < .001), above and beyond individual residual variance. Fathers' resident status did not moderate any of the examined relationships.

Conclusion

There may be benefits to young children's development when mothers and fathers demonstrate shared responsiveness.

Implications.

Interventions serving families with low income could help strengthen mother–father shared responsiveness to promote child development.
Longitudinal observations of TFPI levels in paediatric Haemophilia A patients
Authors: Schwers Stephan , Shah Anita , Linardi Camila , Zhang Yang , Willmann Stefan
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Inhibition of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a potential new mode of action to achieve haemostasis in haemophilia A and B patients.

Aim

Knowledge about potential developmental changes of TFPI levels during childhood are a prerequisite to translate adult doses of TFPI inhibitors to doses in paediatric patients.

Methods

In this study we present longitudinal data for total TFPI concentrations (TFPI‐T) and TFPI activity (TFPI‐A) from 48 paediatric Haemophilia A patients in the age range from 3 to 18 years (2–12 observations per patient).

Results

TFPI‐T and TFPI‐A tend to decrease over age during childhood. Lowest values were observed between 12 and <18 years. On average, TFPI‐T and TFPI‐A were lower in adolescent haemophilia patients than in adult haemophilia patients.

Conclusion

In summary, the presented information on TFPI levels in children adds to the current knowledge of developmental haemostasis and it can be helpful in evaluating how children respond to haemophilia treatment including the new class of anti‐TFPI compounds.
Shaping ability of BlueShaper, TruNatomy, DC Taper and HyFlex EDM in long oval canals: An ex vivo study
Authors: García‐Castañeda Zenaida , Gomes‐Azevedo Susana , Flores‐Treviño Jorge , González Gustavo Martínez , Brasil Sabrina C. , Souza Thaís M. , Rôças Isabela N. , Siqueira José F.
Published: June 2023

Aim

This study evaluated and compared the shaping ability of four rotary instrument systems in long–oval root canals using microcomputed tomographic (micro‐CT) evaluation. Currently, there is no data available on the canal shaping abilities of BlueShaper and DC Taper instruments.

Methodology

Sixty‐four single‐rooted mandibular premolars were matched based on similar root canal morphologic features as determined by (micro‐CT) and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental groups (n = 16) according to the instrument system used: BlueShaper, TruNatomy, DC Taper and HyFlex EDM One File. Changes in the root canal surface and volume, remaining dentine thickness, and number of prepared areas were assessed.

Results

No significant differences were found amongst the four instrument systems for the parameters evaluated (p > .05). There was a significant reduction in the number of unprepared areas and the remaining dentine thickness after each increase in size of the instruments tested (p < .05).

Conclusions

The four instrument systems perform similarly in long oval root canals. Although none could prepare all canal walls, larger preparations incorporated significantly more surfaces in the final shape.
Antidiabetic, antihypertensive and antioxidant activity of cookies formulated with ground Mangifera indica L. leaves
Authors: Ramón‐Canul Lorena Guadalupe , Guzmán‐Victoria Elisa , Ramírez‐Rivera Emmanuel de Jesús , Cabal‐Prieto Adán , Rodríguez‐Miranda Jesús , Llaguno‐Aguiñaga Alejandro , Sánchez‐Orea José Manuel , Ramírez‐García Sergio Alberto , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Herrera‐Corredor José Andrés
Published: June 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and inhibitory activity of ACE, α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase as well as their nutritional and physicochemical quality of cookies formulated with ground Mangifera indica L. leaves. Overall, the cookies formulated with 15 (CGML‐15) and 10% (CGML‐10) ground mango leaf exhibited higher content of crude fibre (5.50 and 3.06 g 100 g−1). DPPH, ABTS and FRAP results in cookies ranged from 18.72 to 5.18 mg TEAC 100 g−1, 21.59 to 7.89 mg TEAC 100 g–1 and 22.56 to 8.59 mg TEAC 100 g−1, respectively. The CMGL‐15 cookie presented the highest inhibitory activity of α‐glucosidase enzymes. Results confirmed the functionality of cookies CGML‐15 y CGML‐10 due to their increased fibre content and biological activity.
Impact of nurse‐led education on the prognosis of heart failure patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tian Chun , Zhang Jian , Rong Junmei , Ma Wenhui , Yang Hui
Published: June 2023

Aim

To perform a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to investigate the effect of nurse‐led education on death, readmission, and quality of life in patients with heart failure.

Background

The evidence of the effectiveness of nurse‐led education in heart failure patients from randomized controlled trials is limited, and the results are inconsistent. Therefore, the impact of nurse‐led education remains poorly understood, and more rigorous studies are needed.

Introduction

Heart failure is a syndrome associated with high morbidity, mortality, and hospital readmission. Authorities advocate nurse‐led education to raise awareness of disease progression and treatment planning, as this could improve patients' prognosis.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to May 2022 to retrieve relevant studies. The primary outcomes were readmission rate (all‐cause or HF‐related) and all‐cause mortality. The secondary outcome was quality of life, evaluated by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), EuroQol‐5D (EQ‐5D), and visual analog scale for quality of life.

Results

Although there was no significant association between the nursing intervention and all‐cause readmissions [RR (95% CI) = 0.91 (0.79, 1.06), P = 0.231], the nursing intervention decreased HF‐related readmission by 25% [RR (95% CI) = 0.75 (0.58, 0.99), P = 0.039]. The e nursing intervention reduced all‐cause readmission or mortality as a composite endpoint by 13% [RR (95% CI) = 0.87 (0.76, 0.99), P = 0.029]. In the subgroup analysis, we found that home nursing visits reduced HF‐related readmissions [RR (95% CI) = 0.56 (0.37, 0.84), P = 0.005]. In addition, the nursing intervention improved the quality of life in MLHFQ and EQ‐5D [standardized mean differences (SMD) (95% CI) = 3.38 (1.10, 5.66), 7.12 (2.54, 11.71), respectively].

Discussion

The outcome variation between studies may be due to reporting methods, comorbidities, and medication management education. Patient outcomes and quality of life may also vary between different educational approaches. Limitations of this meta‐analysis stem from the incomplete reporting of information from the original studies, the small sample size, and the inclusion of English language literature only.

Conclusion

Nurse‐led education programs significantly impact HF‐related readmission rates, all‐cause readmission, and mortality rates in patients with HF.

Implications for nursing practice and nursing policies

The results suggest stakeholders should allocate resources to develop nurse‐led education programs for HF patients.
Professional engagement: Connecting self‐efficacy to actual turnover among hospital nurses
Authors: Chang Hao‐Yuan , Lee I‐Chen , Tai Shih‐I , Ng Nga Yan , Shiau Wen‐Lung , Yu Wen‐Pin , Cheng T. C. E. , Teng Ching‐I
Published: June 2023

Aims

To examine how nurses' self‐efficacy impacts professional engagement (professional opportunities exploration and workplace improvement participation), nurses' turnover intention and further on actual turnover.

Background

The problem of nursing shortage has become a common global issue. Nurses' self‐efficacy could reduce nurses' turnover intention. However, whether professional engagement could connect nurses' self‐efficacy and their actual turnover remains unknown.

Design

This study adopts a three‐wave follow‐up design.

Methods

This study uses proportionate random sampling to survey nurses in a large medical centre in Taiwan. Totally, 417 participants were enrolled from December 2021 to January 2022 (first wave) and followed up from February 2022 to March 2022 (second wave). The data of nurses' actual turnover (or not) were traced in May 2022 (third wave). STROBE statement was chosen as the EQUATOR checklist.

Results

Self‐efficacy was positively linked to outcome expectation, which is positively linked to professional opportunities exploration. Self‐efficacy was positively linked to career interest and workplace improvement participation. Professional engagement was negatively linked to nurses' intention to leave the target hospital, which was positively linked to actual turnover.

Conclusion

This study uniquely finds that professional engagement is the key to the mechanism underlying the influence of nurse’ self‐efficacy on their actual turnover.

Impact

Our findings impact nursing management that professional engagement is as well important as nurses’ self‐efficacy, with an aim to maintain the professional nursing workforce.

Patient or Public Contribution

Nurses complete the questionnaires, return them to the investigators and permit investigators to check their personnel data.
Abrocitinib efficacy and safety in patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis: Results from phase 3 studies, including the long‐term extension JADE EXTEND study
Authors: Reich Kristian , Silverberg Jonathan I. , Papp Kim A. , Deleuran Mette , Katoh Norito , Strober Bruce , Beck Lisa A. , de Bruin‐Weller Marjolein , Werfel Thomas , Zhang Fan , Biswas Pinaki , DiBonaventura Marco D. , Chan Gary , Johnson Susan , Farooqui Saleem A. , Kerkmann Urs , Clibborn Claire
Published: June 2023

Background

Abrocitinib improved signs and symptoms of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) at 12 or 16 weeks in phase 3 studies with a manageable safety profile. Further understanding of the abrocitinib long‐term efficacy and safety profile is important for its appropriate use in treating chronic AD.

Objective

To evaluate the abrocitinib efficacy up to 48 weeks and long‐term safety in patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD.

Methods

JADE EXTEND (NCT03422822) is an ongoing, phase 3, long‐term extension study that enrolled patients from previous abrocitinib AD trials. This analysis focusses on patients from the phase 3 JADE MONO‐1 (NCT03349060), JADE MONO‐2 (NCT03575871) and JADE COMPARE (NCT03720470) studies who completed the full treatment period of placebo or abrocitinib (200 mg or 100 mg once daily) and subsequently entered JADE EXTEND. Efficacy endpoints included the proportion of patients achieving skin clearance (Investigator's Global Assessment [IGA] 0/1 [clear/almost clear]; ≥75% improvement in Eczema Area and Severity Index [EASI‐75]) and itch response (Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale [PP‐NRS] severity ≥4‐point improvement). Safety endpoints included treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), serious TEAEs and TEAEs leading to discontinuation. Data cut‐off: April 22, 2020.

Results

As of the data cut‐off, ~70% and ~45% of patients received abrocitinib for ≥36 and ≥48 weeks, respectively. Nasopharyngitis, atopic dermatitis, nausea and upper respiratory tract infections were the most frequent TEAEs. Serious TEAEs occurred in 7% and 5% and TEAEs leading to study discontinuation occurred in 9% and 7% of patients receiving abrocitinib 200 mg and 100 mg, respectively. Week 48 efficacy responses with abrocitinib 200 mg and 100 mg were as follows: IGA 0/1 52% and 39%; EASI‐75 82% and 67%, and PP‐NRS severity ≥4‐point improvement 68% and 51%.

Conclusions

In patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD, long‐term abrocitinib treatment resulted in clinically meaningful skin and pruritus improvement. The long‐term safety profile was manageable and consistent with previous reports.
Clinician challenges to evidence‐based prescribing for heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: A qualitative evaluation
Authors: Trinkley Katy E. , Dafoe Ashley , Malone Daniel C. , Allen Larry A. , Huebschmann Amy , Khazanie Prateeti , Lunowa Cali , Matlock Daniel C. , Suresh Krithika , Rosenberg Michael A. , Swat Stanley A. , Sosa Aracely , Morris Megan A.
Published: June 2023

Background

Reasons for suboptimal prescribing for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have been identified, but it is unclear if they remain relevant with recent advances in healthcare delivery and technologies. This study aimed to identify and understand current clinician‐perceived challenges to prescribing guideline‐directed HFrEF medications.

Methods

We conducted content analysis methodology, including interviews and member‐checking focus groups with primary care and cardiology clinicians. Interview guides were informed by the Cabana Framework.

Results

We conducted interviews with 33 clinicians (13 cardiology specialists, 22 physicians) and member checking with 10 of these. We identified four levels of challenges from the clinician perspective. Clinician level challenges included misconceptions about guideline recommendations, clinician assumptions (e.g., drug cost or affordability), and clinical inertia. Patient–clinician level challenges included misalignment of priorities and insufficient communication. Clinician–clinician level challenges were primarily between generalists and specialists, including lack of role clarity, competing priorities of providing focused versus holistic care, and contrasting confidence regarding safety of newer drugs. Policy and system/organisation level challenges included insufficient access to timely/reliable patient data, and unintended care gaps for medications without financially incentivized metrics.

Conclusion

This study presents current challenges faced by cardiology and primary care which can be used to strategically design interventions to improve guideline‐directed care for HFrEF. The findings support the persistence of many challenges and also sheds light on new challenges. New challenges identified include conflicting perspectives between generalists and specialists, hesitancy to prescribe newer medications due to safety concerns, and unintended consequences related to value‐based reimbursement metrics for select medications.
Understanding clinical complexity in organ and organizational systems: Challenges local and global
Authors: Samitinjay Aditya , Vaishnavi Karnati , Gongireddy Reethika , Kulakarni Sai Charan , Panuganti Raveen , Vishwanatham Chandana , Manikanta Achuta Kesava , Biswas Rakesh
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Complexity in healthcare systems has been arbitrarily defined as tasks or systems ranging from complicated to intractable, with a general view of these not being ‘simple’. Complexity in healthcare systems in first‐world countries has been well elucidated, however, data from third‐world countries is still scant.

Materials and Methods

We present four cases each from three different organ systems—chronic kidney disease, alcohol use disorder, and heart failure—in the backdrop of our healthcare organization. We present our analysis of the complexities faced clinically and, in our local healthcare system which led to these events.

Results

Analysis of these cases showed that patients with chronic kidney disease had vertebral–spinal pathologies due to poor infection control measures during haemodialysis. All these patients were young with a long history of secondary hypertension. In patients with alcohol use disorder, a common theme of how government regulations and peer pressure promote alcohol use is analysed. In the four patients with unexplained heart failure, vascular health is viewed as a fractal dimension and the various factors affecting vascular health are elaborated.

Conclusion

Complexities exist clinically in making a diagnosis, and organizationally, in the variables and nodes dictating patient outcomes. Clinical complexities cannot be simplified but have to be navigated in an optimized way to improve clinical outcomes.
Impact of nanoscale coating of stainless steel on Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli
Authors: Schumann‐Muck Felicitas Maria , Hillig Nadja , Braun Peggy G. , Griebel Jan , Koethe Martin
Published: June 2023

Cross‐contamination in the poultry slaughtering process can lead to thespread of zoonotic bacteria like Salmonellaenterica. Surfaces of equiptment may facilitate contamination of carcasses due to bacterial adherence and transfer. In this study, attachment, proliferation, and detachment of Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli were comparatively investigated on uncoated and silica‐coated stainless‐steel surfaces. The conditions occurring in the slaughtering workflow were imitated on laboratory scale, for example, spilling of contaminated liquid onto equipment surfaces, pressing or sliding of carcasses against surfaces during the slaughtering procedure, and cleaning of contaminated stainless‐steel surfaces with water or detergent. Growth on stainless‐steel surfaces was measured for 8 h. The applied silica coating led to a partly higher repelling effect without impact on proliferation for the target organisms on stainless steel. Further development of the coating and daption to the exact circumstances as well as more extending testing under real conditions would be the next steps.
Is meal order timing and flexibility key to improving patient satisfaction with hospital foodservice?
Authors: Barsha Laura , McCray Sally , Maunder Kirsty
Published: June 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate and compare patient foodservice (FS) satisfaction using a validated tool and consistent methodology in an acute health service for four different FS models as the organisation transitioned through traditional model (TM), choice at point of service (CaPOS), bedside menu ordering systems (BMOS) and room service (RS) from 2013 to 2016.

Methods

Patient satisfaction data were collected using the Acute Care Hospital Foodservice Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire. For the purposes of this study, patients' rating of their overall experience with FS (very good, good, okay, poor or very poor) was compared for each site and model.

Results

Satisfaction was significantly higher in the CaPOS and RS models compared with TM. BMOS, although somewhat higher, was not shown to be significantly higher than TM. The RS model was significantly higher than BMOS, but there was no significant difference observed between RS and CaPOS.

Conclusion

FS models that support patient flexibility and meal ordering closer to the meal delivery time (as seen with RS and CaPOS) show higher patient satisfaction among hospital patients. It is recommended that sites consistently opt to include patient satisfaction as part of routine auditing. This would enable clear conclusions to be drawn regarding best practice FS models, based on specific and individual hospital requirements.
The role of Australian civil society organisations in food system governance: Opportunities for collaboration in dietetics practice
Authors: Carrad Amy , Smits Rebecca , Charlton Karen , Rose Nick , Reeve Belinda
Published: June 2023

Background

Civil society organisations (CSOs) are increasingly participating in food system governance in ways that challenge the dominant industrialised profit‐driven system.

Methods

An online survey of Australian CSOs that self‐identified as being involved in food system governance was conducted to identify their objectives and activities and the enablers of, and barriers to, their participation in food system governance. Respondents were nongovernment organisations/registered charities, social enterprises, businesses and collaborative research initiatives involved in food system governance in Australia (n = 43).

Results

Organisations undertook activities across all dimensions of the food system (food growing/production, distribution, sale, marketing, access and consumption) and had diverse goals related to health, sustainability and social and economic development. They engaged in food system governance via activities such as advocacy and lobbying for policy and legislative change and guiding policy development. Key enablers of this engagement included funding, internal capacity, external supports and collaborations, and inclusive consultation processes and, when not present, were considered barriers.

Conclusions

CSOs play an important role in food system governance in Australia, including by influencing policy outcomes, contributing to more inclusive and democratic forms of governance and leading community‐based food system policies. For CSOs to play a more central role, provision of longer‐term funding; creation of dedicated food and nutrition policies at local, state and federal government levels; and governance processes that are inclusive, accessible and minimise power differentials are required. This study's findings can be used to identify many opportunities for dietitians to engage with CSOs in education, research and advocacy roles for food system transformation.
Evaluation of the effects of 10% and 30% gluconolactone chemical peel on sebum, pH, and TEWL
Authors: Jarząbek‐Perz Sylwia , Dziedzic Marta , Rotsztejn Helena , Kołodziejczak Anna
Published: June 2023

Background

Gluconolactone (GLA) exhibits antioxidant and moisturizing effects. It also presents soothing effects, protects elastin fibers from UV‐induced degradation, and improves the function of the skin barrier.

Aims

Evaluation of skin parameters such as pH, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum levels before, during, and after a series of applications of 10% and 30% GLA chemical peel in a split‐face model.

Materials and Methods

The study involved 16 female subjects. Three split‐face procedures were performed using two concentrations of GLA solution applied on two sides of the face. The skin parameters were measured before treatments and 7 days after the last procedure at four measurement sites on either side of the face, that is, on the forehead, around the eye, on the cheek, and on the nose wing.

Results

Measurement of sebum demonstrated some statistically significant changes between sebum levels in the cheeks after a series of treatments. The pH measurement showed that the pH value was reduced after each treatment at all measurement points. The level of TEWL after treatments was significantly lower around the eyes, on the left forehead, and on the right cheek. There were no significant differences between the use of different concentrations of the GLA solution.

Conclusions

The results of the study show that GLA has a significant influence on lowering skin pH and TEWL. GLA also has seboregulatory properties.
Religious Ethics and Public Policy: On Doing Public Bioethics
Authors: Childress James F.
Published: June 2023

In response to theJournal of Religious Ethics(JRE) editors' request for reflections on “how religious ethicists have interacted with, and ought to interact with, public policy decision makers,” this essay focuses on doing religious ethics in the context of doing public bioethics, especially through participating in public bioethics bodies (PBBs) established to provide advice to public policymakers in what might be called “mediated advocacy.” Drawing heavily on the author's experience as a member of and a consultant to several PBBs, it features case studies of PBBs deliberating about and recommending public policies to address the scarcity of postmortem organs for transplantation, the equitable allocation of COVID‐19 vaccine, cloning humans, and human embryonic stem cell research.
Anti‐Bullying Interventions With an Emphasis on Bystanders: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bezerra Luiza Luana de Araújo Lira , Alves Dayse Lorrane Gonçalves , Nunes Bruna Rodrigues , Stelko‐Pereira Ana Carina , Florêncio Raquel Sampaio , Gomes Ilvana Lima Verde
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Bystanders' role in bullying situations is important, and may exacerbate or minimize the problem. Thus, this article aims to identify the characteristics of anti‐bullying programs with an emphasis on bystanders.

METHODS

This is a scoping review. We included studies that addressed interventions with an emphasis on bystanders, carried out with school children and adolescents, aimed at reducing bullying/cyberbullying and/or increasing defending behavior. Fifteen portals/databases were searched. The selection and extraction processes were carried out through the blind review strategy. The synthesis took place descriptively.

RESULTS

We found 12 interventions. The most investigated were KiVa (n = 9), STAC (n = 3), and Curriculum‐Based Anti‐Bullying (n = 2).

CONCLUSIONS

There are few anti‐bullying programs with an emphasis on bystanders, and the majority are universal programs with strategies applied by teachers, giving little attention to parents. Moreover, most of these programs lack a broader mix of anti‐bullying strategies. Therefore, we suggest developing anti‐bullying programs with multiple components that contain universal, selective, and indicated strategies.
The quality of diagnostic guidelines for children in primary care: A meta‐epidemiological study
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth T , Thomas Sarah T , Perera Rafael , Gill Peter J , Moloney Susan , Heneghan Carl
Published: June 2023

Aim

To determine the quality of paediatric guidelines relevant to diagnosis of three of the most common conditions in primary care: fever, gastroenteritis and constipation.

Methods

We undertook a meta‐epidemiological study of paediatric guidelines for fever, gastroenteritis and gastroenteritis. We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, Trip Database, Guidelines International Network, the National Guideline Clearinghouse and WHO from February 2011 to September 2022 for guidelines from high‐income settings containing diagnostic recommendations. We assessed the quality of guideline reporting for included guidelines using the AGREE II tool.

Results

We included 16 guidelines: fever (n = 7); constipation (n = 4) and gastroenteritis (n = 5). The overall quality across the three conditions was graded moderate (median AGREE II score 4.5/7, range 2.5–6.5) with constipation guidelines rated the highest (median 6/7), and fever rated the lowest (median 3.8/7). Major methodological weaknesses included consideration of guideline applicability. Half of the guidelines did not report involving parent representatives, and 56% did not adequately declare or address their competing interests.

Conclusions

Substantial variations exist in the quality of paediatric guidelines related to the diagnosis of primary care presentations. Better quality guidance is needed for general practitioners to improve diagnosis for children in primary care.
The effects of ergonomic sleep mask use on sleep quality and comfort in intensive care patients
Authors: Altintaş Sibel , Çelik Sevim , Karahan Elif
Published: June 2023

This study was conducted to determine the effects of the use of ergonomic sleep mask on sleep quality and comfort in intensive care patients. This randomised controlled experimental study was completed with 128 surgical intensive care patients (control = 64, experimental = 64). During the second night of their stay in the unit, ergonomic sleep masks were given to the patients in the experimental group, and earplugs and eye masks were given to the patients in the control group. A Patient information form, Visual analogue scale for discomfort, and the Richard‐Campbell sleep questionnaire were used to collect data. While 51.6% of the patients were female, the mean age of the patients was 63.87 ± 14.94 years. The highest rates of patients had undergone cardiovascular surgery (28.9%) and general anaesthesia (57.8%). It was determined that the sleep quality of the patients in the experimental group was statistically and clinically significantly higher after the intervention (50.86 ± 21.46 vs 37.64 ± 14.97, t = −5.355, Cohen's d = 0.450, p < 0.001). Likewise, the patients who used ergonomic sleep masks had a statistically significantly lower mean VAS for Discomfort score, and their comfort level was higher (p < 0.001), but the difference was not clinically significant (Cohen's d = 0.208). The results of this study showed that the use of ergonomic sleep masks in surgical intensive care patients had a more positive effect on both the sleep quality and comfort levels of patients compared with earplugs and eye masks. The use of an ergonomic sleep mask is recommended in the early period to facilitate sleep and rest in surgical intensive care patients.
Fungal translocation measured by serum 1,3‐ß‐D‐glucan correlates with severity and outcome of liver cirrhosis—A pilot study
Authors: Egger Matthias , Horvath Angela , Prüller Florian , Fickert Peter , Finkelman Malcolm , Kriegl Lisa , Grønbæk Henning , Møller Holger Jon , Prattes Juergen , Krause Robert , Hoenigl Martin , Stadlbauer Vanessa
Published: June 2023

Background & Aims

On a global scale, liver cirrhosis is attributable to ~1 million deaths per year. This systemic disease comes along with diverse sequelae, including microbiota alterations, increased gut permeability and translocation of microbial components into the systemic circulation. Alongside the extensively studied influence of bacterial translocation and its host–pathogen interactions, far less is known about the role and impact of fungal components once having crossed the intestinal barrier.

Methods

Including 70 patients with different aetiologies of liver cirrhosis, we investigated the relationship between fungal translocation, measured by 1,3‐β‐D‐glucan (BDG), and biomarkers of gut integrity, inflammation and severity/outcome of liver disease.

Results

Patients with cirrhosis Child–Pugh class (CPC)‐B were more likely to have positive serum BDG (aOR 5.4, 95% CI 1.2–25.2) compared to patients with cirrhosis CPC‐A. BDG showed a moderate positive correlation with several markers of inflammation (sCD206, sCD163, Interleukin 8, interferon‐gamma‐induced protein). Mortality differed significantly between patients with positive versus negative BDG (log‐rank test, p = 0.015). The multivariable Cox regression model yielded an aHR of 6.8 (95% CI 1.8–26.3).

Discussion

We observed trends for increased fungal translocation depending on the severity of liver cirrhosis, an association of BDG with an inflammatory environment and the adverse effects of BDG on disease outcome. In order to gain more in‐depth knowledge about (fungal‐)dysbiosis and its detrimental consequences in the setting of liver cirrhosis, these trends need to be studied in more detail including prospective sequential testing in larger cohorts together with mycobiome analyses. This will further elucidate complex host–pathogen interactions and potentially introduce points of application for therapeutic interventions.
Executive Functions: What are they Good for? A Perspective from Intervention Research
Authors: Barnes Marcia A.
Published: June 2023

Because deficits in executive functions (EFs) characterize most neurodevelopmental disorders, it is appropriate to question the value of EFs for understanding learning disabilities. Two types of studies—those testing whether EFs moderate treatment effects and those testing the direction of effects between EFs and academic skills—are presented to support the idea that EFs are useful for the study of learning disabilities in the context of intervention. Moderator effects in reading and math intervention studies suggest that considering EFs to be properties of not only persons, but also interventions is important for understanding treatment effects and for designing more effective interventions. An experimental study comparing math word problem solving interventions and EF interventions provides evidence for bidirectional development of working memory and math word problem solving. Directions for future experimental research that systematically and more rapidly investigate growth in EFs and academic skills in individuals with learning disabilities are presented.
Impacts of Quaternary glaciation, geological history and geography on animal species history in continental East Asia: A phylogeographic review
Authors: Fu Jinzhong , Wen Longying
Published: June 2023

Continental East Asia has a mild Pleistocene climate and a complex recent geological history. Phylogeographic studies of animals over the last 30 years have produced several distinctive patterns. Glaciation refugia are numerous and are not restricted to any particular regions. Most of them are localized and species‐specific, although several large refugia, for example the mountains of SW China, are shared by multiple species and have refugia‐within‐refugia. Furthermore, postglaciation range expansion events vary greatly in time, scale and direction. Large‐scale south‐to‐north post‐LGM expansions are few and mostly occurred in the northern regions. Additionally, several unique geographic features, including the three‐step terrain of China and the northern arid belt, have significant impacts on many species histories. Overall, the impacts of Pleistocene glaciations, particularly the LGM, on species history vary drastically from nondetectable to significant. The impacts are the least for species from the southwestern region and are most dominant for species from the north. Geological events play a more significant role in shaping species history than Pleistocene climatic changes. Phylogeographic patterns among animals species are highly consistent with those of plants. Future phylogeographic endeavour in East Asia should be hypothesis‐driven and seek processes that underlie common patterns. The wide use of genomic data allow accurate estimates of historical population processes and exploration of older history beyond the Pleistocene.
Mattering: Per/forming nursing philosophy in the Chthulucene
Authors: Laurin Annie‐Claude , Hopkins‐Walsh Jane , Smith Jamie B. , Brown Brandon , Martin Patrick , Tedjasukmana Emmanuel Christian
Published: June 2023

This paper presents an overview of the process of entanglement at the 25th International Philosophy of Nursing Conference (IPNC) at University of California at Irvine held on August 18, 2022. Representing collective work from the US, Canada, UK and Germany, our panel entitled ‘What can critical posthuman philosophies do for nursing?’ examined critical posthumanism and its operations and potential in nursing. Critical posthumanism offers an antifascist, feminist, material, affective, and ecologically entangled approach to nursing and healthcare. Rather than focusing on the arguments of each of the three distinct but interrelated panel presentation pieces, this paper instead focuses on process and performance (per/formance) and performativity as relational, connected and situated, with connections to nursing philosophy. Building upon critical feminist and new materialist philosophies, we describe intra‐activity and performativity as ways to dehierarchise knowledge making practices within traditional academic conference spaces. Creating critical cartographies of thinking and being are actions of possibility for building more just and equitable futures for nursing, nurses, and those they accompany—including all humans, nonhumans, and more than human matter.
Performative translation, and the impossibility of Romantic mediation in Thomas Carlyle's Sartor Resartus (1834)
Authors: Bentley‐Hussey Dominic , de Groote Brecht
Published: June 2023

Whilst Thomas Carlyle's Sartor Resartus has sparked a variety of critical interpretations since its publication, it has never been read as a pseudotranslation. Building upon recent research in this field, this article proposes that through its pseudotranslational imitation of late‐Romantic periodical translations, Sartor critiques the highly self‐aware performativity on which this writing is founded. Through media‐theoretical analysis, this article argues that translation as it appeared within late‐Romantic periodicals constructs elaborate textual performances of its own mediation, through references to the media ecology within which it operates. The article demonstrates that Sartor mounts two parallel critiques of this mode of translation through its reproduction of its performative strategies: first, through the way in which these performances of mediation are portrayed as impeding mediation; second, through the philosophy of language itself being pseudotranslated. In this way, Carlyle stages a confrontation between two distinct modes of Romantic writing: its symbolic and immanent ideal contrasts with its performative and mediative reality.
Magnetic resonance imaging is safe in patients with left bundle branch pacing
Authors: Bernardes‐Souza Breno , Bhatt Raj V. , Bayoneta Aileen Joy S. , Seo Jungsik , Finn John P. , Mori Shumpei , Do Duc H. , Boyle Noel G.
Published: June 2023

Background

The use of left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) has dramatically increased since it was first described in 2016, but to date there are no published data on the safety of performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in these patients.

Methods

Patients with LBBP who underwent MRI between January 2016 and October 2022 were retrospectively studied in our clinical center, which has a special program for imaging patients with cardiac devices. All patients underwent close cardiac monitoring throughout the MRI scans. Occurrence of arrhythmias or other adverse effects during MRI were assessed. LBBP lead parameters immediately pre‐ and post‐MRI and at an outpatient follow‐up were compared.

Results

Fifteen patients with LBBP underwent a total of 19 MRI sessions during the study period. Lead parameters did not significantly change after the MRI or on follow‐up, which took place at a median of 91 days after the MRI. No patient developed arrhythmias during the MRI sessions, and no adverse effects such as lead dislodgement were reported.

Conclusion

Although larger studies are necessary to verify our findings, MRI in patients with LBBP appears safe based on this initial case series.