bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lithuanian Sign Language Poetry: Location as Mean of Expression of Metaphors
Authors: Teresė Anželika
Published: March 2022

In order to solve issues in sign language linguistics, address matters pertaining to maintaining high quality of sign language (SL) translation, contribute to dispelling misconceptions about SL and deaf people, and raise awareness and understand of the deaf community heritage, this article, for the first time in a Lithuanian scientific journal, discusses authentic poetry in Lithuanian Sign Language (LSL) and inherent metaphors that are created by using the phonological parameter – location. The study covered in this article is twofold, involving both the micro-level analysis of metaphors in terms of location as a sub-lexical feature and the macro-level analysis of the poetic context. Cognitive theories underlie research of metaphors in sign language poetry in a range of sign languages. The study follows this practice. In view of the abovementioned reasons, this piece of research is new and relevant to Lithuania. The article covers qualitative analysis of 10 pieces of LSL poetry. The analysis employs ELAN software widely used in sign language research. The target is to examine how specific types of location are used for the creation of metaphors in LSL poetry and what metaphors are created. The results of the study show that LSL poetry employs a range of locations resulting in a host of metaphors created by using classifier signs and by modifying the location of the established signs. The study also reveals that LSL poetry mostly tends to create reference metaphors indicating status and power. As the study shows, LSL poets metaphorically encode status by encoding another meaning in the same sign, which results in creating double metaphors. The metaphor of identity has been determined to consist of chest signing. Notably, the poetic context has revealed that the latter metaphor can also be identified as a metaphor of life. The study goes on to note that deaf poets create metaphors related to the importance of various phenomena, significance of the lyrical subject. Notably, the study has allowed detecting locations never mentioned in previous SL research as used for the creation of metaphors. For instance, previous SL research fails to cover temporal metaphors expressed by signing in central and peripheral areas and attitudinal metaphors represented by signing near the eye. The study has also detected a sign that can be identified as a metaphor of death and that is absent in previous SL research.
Molecular mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide's participation in adaptive reactions of plants
Authors:   Yur’ev Institute of Plant Breeding, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine 142 Moskovskyi Ave., Kharkiv, 61060, Ukraine, Kolupaev Yu.E. ,   State Biotechnological University 44 Alcheskikh Ave., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine, Havva K.M. ,   State Biotechnological University 44 Alcheskikh Ave., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine
Published: March 2022

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a signaling molecule-gasotransmitter that participates in the regulation of many functions of plant organism, including processes of adaptation to stressors of various natures. In recent years, experimental data on the molecular mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide’s action, including posttranslational modification of proteins, and functional relationships of H2S with other cellular mediators — calcium ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide — have been intensively accumulated. The review summarizes the latest data on the mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide’s action in the context of its participation in the plants adaptation to the action of stressors. Information on H2S synthesis pathways in plants is also provided. Experimental data on changes in the content of endogenous hydrogen sulfide in plants under the influence of stressors are considered. Information on the stress-protective effect of H2S donors on plants under the action of hypo- and hyperthermia, dehydration, salinity, and heavy metals is presented. The role of hydrogen sulfide in the regulation of antioxidant system, the accumulation of osmolytes, activation of stress protein synthesis is noted. Data on the functional interaction of hydrogen sulfide with ROS and nitric oxide, in particular, competition for thiol groups of proteins, as well as the influence of these mediators on each other’s synthesis are analyzed. Information on the effect of hydrogen sulfide on the synthesis of key plant stress hormones, namely, abscisic, jasmonic, and salicylic acids, and its participation in the transduction of hormonal signals into the genetic apparatus of plant cells is summarized. Possibilities of practical use of hydrogen sulfide donors as inducers of plant resistance are outlined.
The use of the nodule bacteria as a remedy for expanding adaptive possibilities of soybean under drought conditions
Authors:   Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 31/17 Vasylkivska St., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine, Vorobey N.A. , Pukhtaievych P.P. ,   Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 31/17 Vasylkivska St., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine, Kots T.A. ,   Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 31/17 Vasylkivska St., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine, Kots S.Ya. ,   Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 31/17 Vasylkivska St., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
Published: March 2022

Symbiotic systems created by soybean variety Almaz (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and strains of nodule bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum 646, РС09, В157 with were investigated under different water supply are investigated (30 and 60 % field capacity, FC). It was shown that drought inhibited the process of nodulation, depending on the functional and adaptive capacity of each of the microsymbionts. The number and mass of root nodules on plants decreased compared to control plants under insufficient watering. Insufficient watering (30 % FC) negatively impacted the functioning of symbiotic systems Glycine max (L.) Merr.—Bradyrhizobium japonicum depending on the drought duration. Strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum PC09 and B157 formed more drought-tolerant symbiotic systems. They had higher nitrogen fixing activity under reduced moisture supply (30 % FC) and during the recovery period compared to the Bradyrhizobium japonicum 646 strain. It was shown that with increasing drought duration (from the 3rd to the 10th day) the difference in physiological and symbiotic parameters between treated and control plants increased, but with the resumption of watering they partially leveled depending on the inoculant strain.
Refinement and Validation of a Clinical-Based Approach to Evaluate Young Febrile Infants
Authors: Yaeger Jeffrey P. , Jones Jeremiah , Ertefaie Ashkan , Caserta Mary T. , van Wijngaarden Edwin , Fiscella Kevin
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

For febrile infants, predictive models to detect bacterial infections are available, but clinical adoption remains limited by implementation barriers. There is a need for predictive models using widely available predictors. Thus, we previously derived 2 novel predictive models (machine learning and regression) by using demographic and clinical factors, plus urine studies. The objective of this study is to refine and externally validate the predictive models.

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional study of infants initially evaluated at one pediatric emergency department from January 2011 to December 2018. Inclusion criteria were age 0 to 90 days, temperature ≥38°C, documented gestational age, and insurance type. To reduce potential biases, we derived models again by using derivation data without insurance status and tested the ability of the refined models to detect bacterial infections (ie, urinary tract infection, bacteremia, and meningitis) in the separate validation sample, calculating areas-under-the-receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivities, and specificities.

RESULTS

Of 1419 febrile infants (median age 53 days, interquartile range = 32–69), 99 (7%) had a bacterial infection. Areas-under-the-receiver operating characteristic curve of machine learning and regression models were 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89–0.94) and 0.90 (0.86–0.93) compared with 0.95 (0.91–0.98) and 0.96 (0.94–0.98) in the derivation study. Sensitivities and specificities of machine learning and regression models were 98.0% (94.7%–100%) and 54.2% (51.5%–56.9%) and 96.0% (91.5%–99.1%) and 50.0% (47.4%–52.7%).

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with the derivation study, the machine learning and regression models performed similarly. Findings suggest a clinical-based model can estimate bacterial infection risk. Future studies should prospectively test the models and investigate strategies to optimize clinical adoption.
To the memory of Anatoly I. Volkov
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: March 2022

4 декабря 2021 г. на 81-м году жизни скончался бывший директор Нижегородского НИИ детской гастроэнтерологии профессор Анатолий Иванович Волков.
An Insight into “As It Is”: Contemplating Special Educational Methodology Based on Disability Studies
Authors:   The Korean Society of Special Education, Cheong Eun
Published: March 2022

In the field of special education, individual support in various forms is the most basic form of education and also require the most reflection as it offers educational activities based on the uniqueness of an individual student. At the same time, these supports should make real contributions to the expansion of his or her social life. This study was conceived to contemplate special education methodology based on disability studies. The study first examined the theory of natural selection and the capabilities of the evolved mind, and found that human beings were all able to survive due to their differences and their evolving capabilities by accepting differences. These findings should become foundational in the practice of individual support in the field of special education and promote a shift from abstract to specific methodology. In other words, individual support should be provided to students with disabilities so that they can be respected for their individuality and have rich contact with diverse social environments.
The Development of the Family Support Needs Survey(FSNS) for Families of Individuals With Disabilities
Authors:   The Korean Society of Special Education, Koh Heesun , Park Jiyeon
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop the family support needs survey(FSNS) of individuals with disabilities, which can be used as basic data to verify the support needs of families of individuals with disabilities and provide family support. To this end, items were extracted through literature analyses, and a draft question was developed through group and individual interviews. Next, through the Delphi method, the content validity of the items constituting the draft tool was verified; then, the user convenience of the tool was reviewed to complete a survey development. The FSNS consisted of three categories: support needs for children with disabilities (six sub-areas), support needs for families other than the individuals with disabilities (eight sub-areas), and special considerations. “Special considerations” are divided into multi-cultural families and single-parent families, and each consists of questions for individuals with disabilities and the parents. The study is significant in that it developed the needs survey that can be utilized in planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the family support for individuals with disabilities. The study also confirmed that the survey is an appropriate tool to verify the needs of families with individuals with disabilities through convenience tests of those who will use the FSNS and suggested various ways to use the tool.
Factors that affect consumer behavior
Authors: Sattarova Irina , Cherkashina Lyudmila
Published: March 2022

In modern society, there is a need for accounting and research of consumer behavior. At the same time, this phenomenon is considered as a consumer activity in the process of forming them demand for one product or service and the formation of preference to this product from the competitive line. In conditions of universal informatization and digitalization, there is an acceleration of all
socio-economic processes, which has a direct impact on the change in the needs, values and preferences of people, and ultimately their consumer behavior. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the fundamental factors affecting the formation of consumer behavior of the subjects — representatives of various social groups. Their study will allow entrepreneurs to develop programs for consumers to increase their loyalty and promotion of goods and services. The article analyzes the factors that have a direct impact on consumer behavior. The classification and description is given, the possibility of using entrepreneurs in marketing activities is determined. The authors conclude that effective management of consumer behavior is possible only on the basis of accounting for the factors described in this article and the competent impact on them. Knowledge of the factors described in this article can be used by marketers in promotional communication. Their accounting and skillful impact, both on individual factors and their complex, allow you to form the necessary vectors of consumer behavior necessary to the entrepreneur. Thus, marketers can change the beliefs and installations consumers by running special campaigns in this regard.
Towards the methodology of automation of buildings and structures life cycle
Authors: Losev Konstantin , Losev Yuriy
Published: March 2022

Changes in the innovative development of the domestic construction industry associated with the transition to a new technological order lead to the conclusion that automation and management of the construction object life cycle business processes consist in the creation of object-oriented automated technologies for each stage of the cycle based on a common data environment and an consolidated building (structure) information models, virtually representing various parts of investment, design, as-built and operational documentation. The domain area of the article is buildings life cycle, where the object of research is the formalization of technologies for automating the construction objects life cycle. The processes of the life cycle stages are technologically different, and if the general purpose of the project documentation content is to create a safe, healthy and comfortable living environment for people, then the main semantic attribute of the life cycle stages is the activity of decision makers on the management of these processes. Their activities are always object-oriented and supported by appropriate technologies at all stages. The structure of stages in the life cycle of buildings and structures contains various domain areas of activity for these specialists. The article proposes the development of a methodology for constructing automated technologies for managing of the construction objects life cycle stages, based on the practical application of the Markov algorithms theory conclusions, formulated as a Constructive Direction. This Direction asserts that any virtual or material object always has a Constructive Process implementing it. "Digitalization" as the basis for "Big Data" collection and accumulation, "artificial intelligence" as the rules for generating constructive objects, business processes automation as the practical implementation of for Constructive Process technologies and particular construction objects generation, are based on the concept of Constructive Direction. It is proposed to formally represent any automated Constructive Process (K-process) as the structure of a generative grammar model. Based on the formulated conceptual and methodological approaches for the lifecycle stages, a schematic diagram for building of automated K-process technologies models is proposed. This will reduce risks and costs, increase the development efficiency of lifecycle automated technologies. The final conclusion of the study is an indication for creating a new technological order and generating conditions for a safe, healthy and comfortable life of people in virtual and natural environments while expensive and time-consuming object-oriented automated technologies of the life cycle stages support have been developing.
Brief Early Life Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Offers Renoprotection in Sheep with a Solitary Functioning Kidney at 8 Months of Age
Authors: McArdle Zoe , Singh Reetu R. , Bielefeldt-Ohmann Helle , Moritz Karen M. , Schreuder Michiel F. , Denton Kate M.
Published: March 2022

Significance Statement

Children born with a solitary functioning kidney (SFK) can develop kidney injury as a consequence of glomerular hyperfiltration. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) reduce BP and are renoprotective in adults. Our study demonstrates that treatment with ACEi early in life (between weeks 4 and 8 after birth) in sheep born with a SFK prevents albuminuria and reduces glomerular hyperfiltration, thus maintaining renal functional reserve, 6 months after treatment withdrawal. Further, improvements in kidney function were associated with increased nitric oxide bioavailability. This study suggests ACEi for 1 month early in life may improve the trajectory for the development of kidney disease in individuals born with SFK.

Background

Children born with a solitary functioning kidney (SFK) are predisposed to develop hypertension and kidney injury. Glomerular hyperfiltration and hypertrophy contribute to the pathophysiology of kidney injury. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACEi) can mitigate hyperfiltration and may be therapeutically beneficial in reducing progression of kidney injury in those with an SFK.

Methods

SFK was induced in male sheep fetuses at 100 days gestation (term=150 days). Between 4 and 8 weeks of age, SFK lambs received enalapril (SFK+ACEi; 0.5mg/kg per day, once daily, orally) or vehicle (SFK). At 8 months, we examined BP, basal kidney function, renal functional reserve (RFR; GFR response to combined amino acid and dopamine infusion), GFR response to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition, and basal nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability (basal urinary total nitrate and nitrite [NOx]).

Results

SFK+ACEi prevented albuminuria and resulted in lower basal GFR (16%), higher renal blood flow (approximately 22%), and lower filtration fraction (approximately 35%), but similar BP, compared with vehicle-treated SFK sheep. Together with greater recruitment of RFR (approximately 14%) in SFK+ACEi than SFK animals, this indicates a reduction in glomerular hyperfiltration–mediated kidney dysfunction. During NOS inhibition, the decrease in GFR (approximately 14%) was greater among SFK+ACEi than among SFK animals. Increased (approximately 85%) basal urinary total NOx in SFK+ACEi compared with SFK animals indicates elevated NO bioavailability likely contributed to improvements in kidney function and prevention of albuminuria.

Conclusions

Brief and early ACEi in SFK is associated with reduced glomerular hyperfiltration–mediated kidney disease up to 8 months of age in a sheep model.
Mantenedoras de Ensino Superior do Brasil e o Uso de Mídias Sociais: uma análise comparativa
Authors:   Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará (CESUPA), Souza Alan Marcel Fernandes de , Nascimento Polyana Santos Fonseca ,   Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará (CESUPA), Oliveira Bruno Vinicius Costa ,   Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará (CESUPA), Barbosa Felipe Rafael dos Santos ,   Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará (CESUPA), Monteiro Matheus Lima ,   Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará (CESUPA), Gouveia Rafael Santos ,   Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará (CESUPA)
Published: March 2022

De um lado, o franco crescimento da internet e do acesso às mídias sociais tem mudado a forma como as pessoas interagem umas com as outras e com as empresas. De outro, existem diversas mantenedoras de ensino superior de sociedade anônima que prestam serviços educacionais para milhões de estudantes brasileiros. Este artigo objetiva definir um panorama das mídias sociais utilizadas pelas mantenedoras e estabelecer comparações entre o engajamento nas mídias sociais, o número de alunos matriculados e a lucratividade das mantenedoras pesquisadas. Foi possível concluir que as mídias sociais mais usadas são, na ordem, Facebook, LinkedIn, Youtube, Instagram e Twitter e que existe uma correspondência diretamente proporcional entre a atuação da mantenedora nas mídias sociais, a quantidade de alunos e sua lucratividade.
Sistema de Controle e Monitoramento em Tempo Real de Gases para Uso Doméstico com Tecnologia Antivazamento
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Peres Handel Emanuel Natividade , Paiva Victor Araújo de ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Xavier Nathan Augusto Zacarias ,   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Published: March 2022

Cotidianamente, o gás liquefeito de petróleo (GLP) e o gás natural são utilizados em residências e empresas. Dentre os diversos usos, destacam-se a queima para aquecimento e refrigeração de ambientes e a preparação de alimentos. O uso dos gases justifica-se pela elevada eficiência calorífica, se comparados aos outros combustíveis tradicionais. Além disso, a inexistência de metais pesados, fuligem ou fumaça, durante a queima, corroboram para sua escolha. Em contrapartida às vantagens apresentadas, a inalação de tais gases pode causar asfixia, tontura, irritação no sistema respiratório e ocasionar explosões, fazendo-se importante a utilização de métodos e equipamentos para prevenção. Este projeto objetivou a criação de um sistema de baixo custo que conseguisse, simultaneamente, monitorar e controlar o uso e vazamento do gás, em fogões residenciais. Segundo implementado, os resultados obtidos atestam que o sistema garante a segurança contra vazamentos em tempo hábil ao identificar a concentração do GLP no ar.
Earthquake Forces on the Stability of the Meninting Diversion Tunnel Design Based on Current Seismic Conditions of Lombok Island
Authors: Agustawijaya Didi Supriadi , Taruna Rian Mahendra , Agustawijaya Ausa Ramadhan
Published: March 2022

DOI:10.17014/ijog.9.1.105-117A series of earthquakes in 2018 have ruined thousands of buildings, and affected the stability of many infrastructures in Lombok Island. The Meninting dam, located at just a 20 km distance from the epicentre of the 5th August earthquake, is one of the many infrastructures being constructed in the island. Unfortunately, stability problems might arise to the dam, in particular to its diversion-spillway tunnel, since the tunnel was designed by using the Indonesian Standards SNI 1726:2012 for the estimation of earthquake forces into the design. After the earthquake events in 2018, seismic conditions of Lombok Island changed, resulted in changing seismic parameters. Seismic forces might shear off the friable weak volcanic rocks around the tunnel, and then consequently, the residual strength of the rocks had to stand the tunnel construction, so its factor of safety reduced. Thus, the tunnel required some stability improvements by adding more support instalments, including grouting and rock bolting. This is important for the tunnel to face probable similar severe earthquakes in the future.
Geothermal Surface Manifestation Identification Using Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery Case Study: Davis-Schrimpf Geothermal Field, Salton Sea, California
Authors: Qudsi Izzul , Noor Muhammad Rifat
Published: March 2022

DOI:10.17014/ijog.9.1.119-130Research on surface geothermal evidence has been done extensively using remote sensing techniques. For detailed remote sensing exploration on geothermal areas, UAV and airborne based were preferred over the satellite-based sensor. In this research, anomalies in surface temperature, mineral occurrence, and ammonia emission were studied on a set of airborne hyperspectral imagery from NASA, the Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (HyTES). High-resolution surface temperature and mineral maps were able to identify and describe the mineralogy of the mud pots and gryphons at the Davis-Schrimpf Geothermal Field, Salton Sea, California. From the surface temperature map, the surface temperature of the geothermal features was measured at approximately 314°K (40oC) and higher. The purest pixels from MNF transformation of the first four cleanest bands of emissivity map produce endmembers that include the geothermal indicator minerals (barite, anhydrite, quartz, gypsum). Based on the mineralogy deposits, these manifestations are classified as potassic alteration types from a porphyry system that could be an indication of an active geothermal system. This also explains that the surface features are part of the upper reservoir of the Salton Sea Geothermal Field. On the other hand, ammonia detection that was performed in this research failed to get any clear recognition from the simple image processing. It is concluded that the airborne hyperspectral imagery could be a reliable option for remote sensing geothermal exploration, as it was able to characterize the surface geothermal manifestation with quite good detail using this imagery from a wide area of survey.
Klimawandel – Folgen für die Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin
Authors:   Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits-, Sozial- und Umweltmedizin der FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Drexler Hans
Published: March 2022

Der Klimawandel hat auch hierzulande Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit des Menschen. Aufgabe der Arbeitsmedizin ist es, wissenschaftsbasierte Handlungsempfehlungen zu erarbeiten, die den zunehmend geänderten klimatischen Bedingungen am Arbeitsplatz Rechnung tragen. Durch den Klimawandel werden die Belastungen am Arbeitsplatz (physikalische, chemische, biologische und psychische) verändert werden, wobei der erhöhten Temperatur am Arbeitsplatz die größte Bedeutung zukommt. Die UV-Belastung wird durch den Klimawandel nicht direkt beeinflusst, jedoch werden die warmen Tage, insbesondere im zweiten Quartal des Jahres zunehmen, wodurch es zu höheren UV-Expositionen bei Beschäftigten im Freien kommen kann. Die biologischen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels werden infolge der längeren und intensiveren Blühphase viele Allergiker betreffen.
Die Stiftung LebensBlicke
Authors:   Occupational Medicine & Health Protection BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Webendörfer Stefan
Published: March 2022

Die Stiftung LebensBlicke setzt sich seit 1998 für eine umfassende und seriöse Information der Öffentlichkeit über Möglichkeiten der Darmkrebsvorsorge und -Früherkennung ebenso ein wie für die Motivation zur Teilnahme an den derzeit angebotenen Maßnahmen. Die gemeinnützige Stiftung LebensBlicke arbeitet bundesweit und finanziert sich ausschließlich über Spenden und Zustiftungen. Neben der Primär- und Sekundärprävention zählt auch die Tertiärprävention zum Aufgabenbereich.
Ludwig Wittgenstein on the Unsurveyability of Grammar and the Way of Its Comprehension
Authors:   G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, Medvedev Nikolay V.
Published: March 2022

The aim of the article is to comprehend Wittgenstein's thesis on the unsurveyability of grammar and cognitive capabilities of the method of surveyable representation (ubersichtliche Darstellung) about word use. The cognitive position of the late Wittgenstein regarding the understanding of the essence of language and the pragmatic orientation of his philosophy is clarified. The article includes three main sections. The first section gives an interpretation of Wittgenstein's point of view on grammar as an unsurveyable totality; his arguments in defense of this point of view are reconstructed. It is emphasized that the word “grammar”, according to Wittgenstein, means the established models of people's linguistic behavior rather than a system of abstract grammatical rules. The specificity and functionality of the surveyable representation aimed at understanding the language is analyzed, the strengths and weaknesses of this method are identified. Wittgenstein's arguments of refuting the opinion about the possibility of forming a comprehensive, clear view of our grammar are discussed. Wittgenstein's assertion that “our grammar lacks surveyability” is characterized as an evidence of his rejection of the “picture” conception of language. The second section considers the ontological condition for the existence of grammar as an unsurveyable totality of linguistic elements. From the standpoint of Wittgenstein's philosophy, grammar is characterized by a considerable complexity as an open, unstable system. The features of grammar that prevent the construction of a clear idea of it - complexity, variability, opacity of words used - are revealed. The third section clarifies the actual practice of mastering grammar by human beings. The assumption of the possibility of replacing the unsurveyable ordinary language with an artificial language accessible to surveyability is refuted. It is argued that our ability to use words, to master grammar is achieved not by construction of surveyable representations of the meaning of words and grammatical rules, but through imitation and formed habits, through training and acquired practical skills. It is concluded that people come to understand unsurveyable grammar primarily on the basis of their practical experience, and not through the formation of a surveyable representation about word use. The method of surveyable representation, leading to an understanding of grammatical structures, can serve as a means for standardizing and ordering linguistic practices, for eliminating conceptual confusion, for understanding various forms of social activity, but it does not provide a synoptic vision of grammar, which is an essentially complex system.
The Cultural Interaction between the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany from 2000 till 2020
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Kirilova Ekaterina A. , Troitsky Evgeny F. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: March 2022

In the modern world, culture is an integral part of the state policy. The authors note the importance of cultural policy as a tool for countries to improve their relations, overcome crisis situations and build further development paths, in spite of political differences. The article deals with the cultural interaction between Germany and Russia during the 21st century. The chosen period is explained by the coming to power of Vladimir Putin in the Russian Federation and the beginning of significant changes in the state's foreign and domestic policies. During the examination of this topic, the research methods of classification, systemic approach, and historical analysis were used. With the help of historical analysis, the history of cooperation between the two states, starting from the 9th century, was considered. Common and different features in the historical past of Russia and Germany were also established. The systemic approach made it possible to define cultural policy as an integral element of the country's foreign policy. The classification method involves the division of cultural policy into several areas in which the Russian Federation and the FRG interact. The work on this article was carried out using laws in the field of international cultural cooperation, a large amount of information from official news portals (RIA Novosti, TASS, RBC), official websites of the Embassy of Russia in Berlin and the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany in Moscow. The vectors of interaction between the two states are described in detail: scientific and technological cooperation; academic mobility; exchange programs for students, scientists, exchange of methodological literature; cross-years; forum campaign; preservation of historical memory in the territory of both states; support programmes for compatriots living in Russia and Germany; activities to promote and remain both Russian and German languages, etc. Within each direction, the forms and ways, in which countries work together, are described. This research allowed drawing conclusions about culture's significance in the formation of a positive/negative image of the state, as well as to highlight an important pattern: with the help of cultural policy, states can both improve relations and provoke conflict. Thus, the authors analyzed various forms and mechanisms of the cultural interaction between the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany. There is a rich historical experience and economic basis for fruitful cooperation between the two countries and their nations. That is why two states have been able to maintain a dialogue at different levels, resolve conflict situations and restore contacts for many centuries. Therefore, both Russia and the FRG can continue to work in this direction in order to strengthen relations and bring them to a new level with the help of cultural policy.
Managing Students' Learning Motivation in the Digitalization Context
Authors:   Buryat State University, Tsyrenova Valentina B. , Lumbunova Natalya B. ,   Buryat Agricultural College named after M.N. Erbanov
Published: March 2022

In the modern world, digital technologies are not only a tool of the educational process, but also a living environment that opens up new educational opportunities. The system of “digital” education imposes certain requirements on students, the main ones of which are self-organization and self-motivation of educational activities. The article aims to solve the problem of increasing students' educational motivation in the modern conditions of total digitization. The authors conclude that the basis of self-education is internal motives, but they cannot be formed without external ones since internal needs appear only thanks to external influences. The creation of an external environment requires consideration of the peculiarities of young people's cognitive development. Modern students have a primarily visual thinking, a short-term memory with signs of transactional memory, an increased speed of receiving information under distracted attention, and an ability to study in a multitasking mode. When organizing education in a digital educational environment, taking into account the characteristics of representatives of the digital generation, one should turn to the structural elements of didactics: “teaching”, “learning”, “content”, “method”. In modern conditions, the elements themselves remain unchanged, but the relationships between them are modified. In the context of increasing educational motivation, the elements include change of the teacher's role; self-organization by a student of their educational activities, choice of their individual trajectory of study, forms and methods of educational activities; the use of interactive forms of teaching and assessment (blended learning, digital platform, virtual simulators, webinars, video lectures, joint sessions, etc.); group interaction in the form of collaborative learning with student-program-student, student-program-teacher relationships; the use of interactive teaching methods, typical group and team forms of work (collaborations, storytelling, gamification, project method, etc.). The results do not contradict the factors influencing the formation of sustainable motivation for learning activities stated by E.P. Ilyin and A.K. Markova, and are also confirmed by the answers to the survey among students.
Neuroepistemology as a Field of Cognitive Philosophy and Knowledge Studies
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Golubinskaya Anastasia V.
Published: March 2022

The article presents the results of an analysis of the concept of neuroepistemology, the history of its formation, the methods of determining its object and characteristics of possible methodological solutions. To achieve this aim, two specific objectives have been mapped out: to consider the evolution of the conception of neuroepistemology in the context of the history of science and philosophy; and to systematize the existing ideas about neuroepistemology, its object, methods and characteristics. The main result of the research is that, despite the forty-year history of neuroepistemological projects, this term is each time constructed anew. Different interpretations are not compared to each other, and the authors rarely refer to the history of the concept, continuing to fill it with new contradictory meanings. This conclusion follows from the examination of thematic publications on neuroepistemology in English, Russian, and mainly in German, due to the high number of references to neuroepistemology in German-language cognitive philosophy (E. Ozer, F. Seitelberger, K. Vogeley, M. Peschl). If we attribute the earliest attempts to synthesize philosophical and biological approaches to knowledge (F. Nietzsche, K. Lorenz, U. Maturana, F. Varela) to presuppositions of neuroepistemology and start with the mentions of the word “neuroepistemology”, we find three relevant interpretations of the concept. The first (probably presented by John Hughlings Jackson) treats neuroepistemology as a research of epistemic communities of producers of neuroscientific knowledge. The object of such research is epistemic culture (K.K. Cetina), and the research aims can be achieved by the methods of the philosophy of science, the sociology of knowledge, and epistemology. The second interpretation of neuroepistemology (P.S. Churchland) concerns the use of neuroscientific methodologies to address issues of knowledge. These studies are an attempt to answer the question of how a person knows, using all the possible tools of the brain studies (the research of concept cells is a relevant example). The third interpretation (E. Ozer) begins with the consistent naturalization of the theory of knowledge in the 1980s and insists on finding its own methods or, in extreme cases, on its own ways of integrating particular methods of neuroscience and epistemology. The article describes the principles and rules of such neuroepistemological reasoning, its features and methodological perspectives.
The Moderating Effect of Help-Seeking on the Relationship between Experience of School Violence and Internalizing Behaviors
Authors: Son Seon Ok , Park Hyunyong
Published: March 2022

Background: This study aimed to examine the role of help-seeking in the relationships between the experience of school violence and internalizing behaviors.Methods: Data of a total of 1,402 adolescents aged 13∼14 years from the Seoul Panel Study of Children were utilized in the study. Multiple regression was employed to examine the moderating effect of help-seeking behaviors.Results: Findings are as follows: First, the experience of school violence was associated with higher levels of internalizing problems, such as depression and withdrawn behavior. Second, help-seeking behaviors reduced the effect of school violence on internalizing problem behaviors such as depression and withdrawn behavior.Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for education on help-seeking behaviors for adolescents and for building discussion networks to help adolescents ameliorate the negative impact of school violence.
Identification and Characterization of Alexithymia Subgroups by Latent Profile Analysis of TAS-20K
Authors: Shin Jaeeun , Yun Sojin , Lee Taehun
Published: March 2022

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the number of latent groups that can be identified on the basis on the level of difficulties identifying feelings (DIF), difficulties in describing feelings (DDF), and externally oriented thinking (EOT).Methods: DIF, DDF, and EOT are the sub-factors of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Latent profile analysis was performed to identify the subgroups and investigate their properties. A total of 237 Korean university and graduate students were included in the study, and alexithymia subtypes were classified into 5 latent groups.Results: The groups were classified according to the DIF and DDF scores. Furthermore, it was observed that the EOT did not play a role in classifying the groups. The higher the DIF and DDF scores, the higher were the levels of depression and anxiety. The type 2 latent group, which had a unique profile with the highest DIF level and an average DDF level, showed high levels of depression and anxiety.Conclusions: These results suggest that the DIF significantly affects psychological adaptation, thus warranting the consideration of this parameter in counseling and psychotherapy.
The Role of Meaning in Life in the Relationship between Stress, Pleasure, and Depression
Authors: Shin Dayeah
Published: March 2022

Background: Discovering personal value and living a meaningful life are essential tasks for humans. The pursuit of existential meaning, which is a key motivator for life, is related to various psychological health factors and helps overcome stressful events. In this study, we aimed to identify the moderating effects of meaning in life on the relationship between stress, pleasure, and depression.Methods: The moderating effects of meaning in life on the relationship between stress, pleasure, and depression were examined in a sample of 144 college students.Results: Meaning in life had a significant strengthening effect on the impact of stressful life events on experience of pleasure and a buffering effect on the impacts of stressful life events on depression.Conclusions: The findings demonstrated that discovering meaning in life could improve the experience of pleasure and mitigate depression due to stressful life events. Additionally, the results suggested a need for intervention to increase meaning in life for college students who experience stressful life events.
Divergent Fan Forums and Political Consciousness Raising
Authors: Levitt Lauren
Published: March 2022

This article conducts a thematic analysis of 40 threads related to sociopolitical issues on two Divergent fan forums, one on Divergent Fans and another on Divergent Wiki, to determine whether these forums raise political consciousness, especially among young people. As scholars of civic imagination show, popular culture narratives may lead to the ability to imagine a better future. Utopian narratives in particular facilitate this process in a dialectical way by presenting us with an impossible world, and dystopian narratives may operate in a similarly dialectical fashion by offering a negative example or warning. Analysis of posts related to utopia and dystopia, the story world versus the real world, historical and contemporary parallels, governmental reform, and non-normative sexuality reveals that participants on Divergent fan forums discuss real-world issues and sometimes imagine a better world, but this does not conclusively raise political consciousness. We can account for these civic successes and failures by considering Dahlgren’s (2009) six elements of civic cultures: knowledge, values, trust, spaces, practices/skills, and identities. While fan knowledge, trust, and spaces are strong, and fan identities can be experienced as relatively static, values and practices/skills are important areas for intervention to cultivate political consciousness among young people. Critical civic education at the secondary school level could foster democratic values, and teaching media literacy and political discussion skills could improve students’ ability to think critically about entertainment narratives.
Editorial: Digital Child- and Adulthood—Risks, Opportunities, and Challenges
Authors: Riesmeyer Claudia , Zillich Arne Freya , Naab Thorsten
Published: March 2022

This thematic issue discusses risks, opportunities, and challenges of digital child- and adulthood based on different theoretical and methodological perspectives. It focuses on three topics: First, the challenges children and adolescents face in developing skills for dealing with promotional content are highlighted. Second, several contributions discuss the actions of parents and instructors and their function as role models for children and adolescents. They outline the tension between the consequences of intensive media use by children and adolescents and a responsible approach to digital media as often demanded by parents and teachers. Finally, the last contribution gives an insight into how the political socialization of adolescents can manifest itself in the digital space. The multi-methodological, multi-perspective, and multi-theoretical contributions of this thematic issue illustrate the intergenerational relevance of digital child- and adulthood.
Characteristics of endometrial receptivity in women with different endometrial thickness
Authors: Aganezova N. V. , Aganezov S. S. , Gogichashvili K. E.
Published: March 2022

Aim: to evaluate the expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in the endometrium during the "implantation window" in women with a history of reproductive dysfunction with different endometrial thickness.

Materials and Methods. A prospective single-center cohort comparative study was conducted. The main group included patients with hypoplastic (< 7 mm according to ultrasound data on preovulatory days) endometrium (n = 52), the comparison group consisted of women with normal endometrial thickness (n = 62) (women of both groups with reproductive dysfunctions of unclear cause), the control group included 16 healthy fertile women. An aspiration biopsy of the endometrium was performed on day 6–8 after ovulation with simultaneous collection of peripheral blood sample to measure level of estradiol (P). Endometrial biopsies were examined with histological and immunohistochemical (expression of ER, PR) methods.

Results. All women had an ovulatory cycle, serum progesterone level ≥ 16.1 nmol/L (6–8 days after ovulation) and normoestrogenemia. E2/P was similar in all cohorts (p > 0.05). Indicators of endometrial expression of ER, PR, similar to healthy women (n = 16), were found in 21 % (n = 11 out of 52) and 32 % (n = 20 out of 62) in women from main and comparison groups, respectively. The remaining 79 % (n = 41 out of 52) of women with "thin" endometrium (main group) and 68 % (n = 42 out of 62) of patients with normal endometrial thickness (comparison group) had ER and PR expression indices in the endometrial glands and stroma with significant differences (p < 0.05) in all parameters (excepting PR in the endometrial stroma) from those of healthy women (control group), but without relevant differences between these cohorts (p > 0.05) regardless of endometrial thickness.

Conclusion. In women with a history of reproductive disorders, parameters of ER and PR expression similar to those in women without reproductive problems, were noted with a "thin" (< 7 mm) endometrium by 50 % less often than those with normal thickness of the uterine mucosa. At the same time, the "thin" endometrium is not an absolute predictor of disorders of the hormone-receptor characteristics of the endometrium: in every fifth case, magnitude of endometrial expression ER, PR similar to healthy women were determined.