bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ РОЗКРИТТЯ СОЛЕНОСНИХ ВІДКЛАДІВ В УМОВАХ ВИСОКИХ ТЕМПЕРАТУР
Authors: Бейзик Ольга , Різничук Андрій , Гордійчук Микола , Ковердій Богдан
Published: August 2022

Соленосні горизонти трапляються у розрізах свердловин на нафту і газ як у вигляді тонких пропластків так і у вигляді потужних товщ над або під продуктивними горизонтами. Створюють у розрізі свердловини надсолеві та підсолеві комплекси, буріння в яких супроводжується низкою ускладнень, пов’язаних із пластичними течіями та звуженням ствола свердловини, каверно утвореннями. Зниження температури затрубного простору під час циркуляції соленасичених бурових розчинів з вибою до устя спричиняє виникнення вторинної кристалізації солей, яке проявляється у вигляді випадання в осад солей на внутрішній стінці обсадних колон, очищувальному обладнанні та циркуляційній системі. Це призводить до підвищення інтенсивності корозії обладнання, зниження концентрації солі у розчині та набуханню хемогенних порід у вибійних умовах. Для запобігання утворення жолобів та каверн у соленосних товщах в нашій країні та за кордоном застосовують розчини, насичені солями або частіше розчини з поліінгібуючою дією та оброблені кількома солями з різним ступенем розчинності та точкою кристалізації, що дає змогу додатково регулювати густину промивального рідини без використання обважнювача. Такий технологічний підхід сприяє зниженню вмісту твердої фази в розчині і, зокрема, збереження реологічних властивостей, зниження ймовірності різкого зростання структурно-механічних властивостей від переходу обважнювача у активну фазу бурового розчину. Найоптимальнішим варіантом у складних гірничо-геологічних умовах є використання полімерсолевих систем, що насичені двома і більше солями, а полімер забезпечує тривалу стійкість основних проектних параметрів розчину впродовж тривалого часу. У статті пропонується застосування рідин на біополімерній основі, які не містять глинистої складової, як вагомого чинника, що спричиняє розчинність хемогенних відкладів та змочування порід у вибійних умовах.
DECISION-MAKING PROBLEMS IN PUBLIC TENDERS TO ASSESS THE COMPANIES-BIDDERS
Authors: Bondarenko V. , Karanfilov M.
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the development of a decision support system in a Purchase Tender. Such the system allows an institution that announced a Purchase Tender to estimate suppliers that have an interest in supply and can take part in such tender offering different conditions of purchase. The main method that is used to build a decision support system was chosen as the method of the analytic hierarchy process that was developed by T.L. Saaty based on construction pairwise comparisons matrices of suppliers and their features. Such matrices are constructed by experts and they need for coherent often. This method is modified in the direction of building coherent matrices of pairwise comparisons. It presents an approach to assessing the consistency of pairwise comparisons matrices based on the analysis of the transitivity of the graph that is constructed with the help of the matrix of pairwise comparisons. Besides, the paper proposes an approach to the evaluation of pairwise comparisons of suppliers and their features with the help of a group of experts that helped make the evaluation more accurate. Based on the developed modification of the analytic hierarchy process it built a software system for decision support, which is implemented in the C++ language. One of the areas of the system application is the analysis of decision-making problems in the field of public procurement to assess the companies-bidders for the construction of industrial facilities.
MODERN DISASTER BY DYSTOPIAN (MASHA, OR THE FOURTH REICH, NOVEL BY JAROSLAV MELNIK)
Authors: Andreichykova Olena , Sylantieva Valentyna
Published: August 2022

The article examines the concept of catastrophe, one of the main themes of art, extremely relevant in our time, marked by signs of entropy. It can be argued that this phenomenon is growing and affects many spheres of human life – both external, global (social), and internal (psychological). The author of the article focuses on how the awareness of the approaching catastrophe reflects a modern dystopia. Jaroslav Melnik's novel "Masha, or the Fourth Reich" is viewed from this angle. The article emphasizes that the dystopias of our time correct the attitudes of the classic dystopia, they tend to the diffusion of new genres, acquiring the features of a novel-parable, a novel-myth, a novel of alternative history. The controversy of the new formations, in which signs of utopia and its antipode are interspersed, is also noted. As for the ideological and thematic component, the author of the article states: Jaroslav Melnik focuses both on the traditional problems of humanism and the relationship between "man and society" and on the issues of the catastrophic dehumanization of the individual in the conditions of turbulent modern challenges.
ПОЕТИЧНА ІРОНІЯ ВІСЛАВИ ШИМБОРСЬКОЇ
Authors: Манько Руслана , Олексин Наталія , Бриляк Катерина
Published: August 2022

У статті розглянуто особливість тематичної палітри поетичних творів Віслави Шимборської, розкрито філософські засади лірики авторки у векторі поетичної онтології та чуттєвого пізнання, досліджено рецепцію творчості поетки у літературознавстві ХХ століття, здійснено спробу аналізу засобів творення іронії на матеріалі окремих творів у контексті буття, людини та часу.
РОЛЬ ЗДОРОВ’ЯЗБЕРЕЖУВАЛЬНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ ПЕДАГОГІВ ТА БАТЬКІВ У ФОРМУВАННІ КУЛЬТУРИ ЗДОРОВ’Я ДОШКІЛЬНИКІВ
Authors: Марчук Наталія , Волошин Олена
Published: August 2022

У публікації розкриті організаційно-методичні аспекти роботи з сім’єю з формування культури здоров’я дітей дошкільного віку. Висвітлено зміст, форми організації роботи безпосередньо з сім’ями та формування здоров’язбережувальної компетентності у батьків в умовах сучасного дошкільного виховання. Запропоновано ряд методичних рекомендацій щодо активізації взаємодії дошкільного освітнього закладу і сім’ї з формування культури здоров’я дітей дошкільного віку.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНШОМОВНОЇ КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ СТУДЕНТІВ - МАЙБУТНІХ ІНЖЕНЕРІВ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ІННОВАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ
Authors: Герасимчук Т. , Губарєва О.
Published: August 2022

The paper deals with actual problems of EFL communication competence under the conditions of flipped education with help of innovative teaching technologies. The optimum conditions to use IT instruments in order to teach English as EFL are regarded. The ways to improve students’ motivation are given. Real professional communicative situations are offered to simulate involving IT in order to improve communicative skills.
КОМОРБІДНА ПАТОЛОГІЯ ПЕЧІНКИ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ, ЯКІ ЖИВУТЬ З ОЖИРІННЯМ
Authors: Корнован Галина , Синенко Володимир , Колотвіна Лариса , Бажора Яна , Лагода Дарʼя , Назарян Вероніка , Амірова Ганна , Паслар Олена
Published: August 2022

Неалкогольна жирова хвороба печінки – це спектр захворювань печінки, пов’язаних із метаболічними та серцево-судинними розладами. У світі поширеність ожиріння серед пацієнтів із неалкогольною жировою хворобою печінки та неалкогольним стеатогепатитом становила 51 та 81% відповідно. Ще ряд досліджень вказують на те, що у популяціях із ожирінням поширеність неалкогольної жирової хвороби печінки коливається від 60 до 95%. Метою дослідження було виявити можливі захворювання печінки у пацієнтів, які мають ожиріння, за допомогою скринінгового УЗ-дослідження. За дизайном дослідження виконано ретроспективний аналіз 82 карт пацієнтів, які перебували на амбулаторному спостереженні щодо діагнозу ожиріння різного ступеню. Всім пацієнтам поряд із оглядом та загальноклінічними дослідженнями було запропоновано пройти антропометричне обстеження, визначення компонентного складу тіла та УЗ-дослідження задля первинного виявлення захворювань печінки. При встановлені антропометричного анамнезу було виявлено, що середній ІМТ склав 41,0±1,26 кг/м2; жінки мали більший відсоток жирової маси тіла, ніж чоловіки, а саме 46,01±1,91 та 37,17±2,83 відповідно (р˂0,05). Також за рахунок цього дослідження було встановлено прямий тісний кореляційний зв’язок між тяжкістю ожиріння та вмістом вісцерального жиру за Пірсоном (r=0,78). За дизайном дослідження було вказано, що всім пацієнтам було проведено скринінгові обстеження на наявність захворювань печінки в амбулаторних умовах за допомогою УЗ-дослідження. Необхідно наголосити, що пацієнти, які увійшли до дослідження, не мали скарг щодо захворювань печінки при опитуванні та клінічному огляді. Більшість обстежених пацієнтів мали захворювання печінки; при відсотковому підрахунку ми отримали наступні дані: не мали захворювання печінки 31 пацієнт, що відповідало 37,80 %, неалкогольний жировий гепатоз – 28 (34,15 %), неалкогольний стеатогепатит – 16 (19,51 %) та фіброз печінки мали 7 пацієнтів, що відповідає 8,54 %. Чим триваліше пацієнт має ожиріння та чим більший рівень вісцерального жиру, тим значніші зміни відмічені на УЗ-картині (r=0,77 та r=0,80 відповідно).
СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ПИТАННЯ ЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЇ ОСТЕОАРТРОЗУ
Authors: Шуба Володимир
Published: August 2022

На сьогоднішній час питанням епідеміології і раннім проявам остеоартрозу в реальній клінічній практиці приділяється недостатньо уваги, що призводить до проблем своєчасного виявлення, формування діагнозу, призначення ранньої адекватної терапії. Метою дослідження було оцінити епідеміологічні характеристики пацієнтів з остеоартрозом на амбулаторному прийомі ортопеда-травматолога. В ході спостережного неінтервенційного дослідження оцінювалася демографічна характеристика пацієнтів (стать, вік), частота і характер суглобової патології. За результатами дослідження серед 203 пацієнтів з остеоартрозом, переважали особи з гонартрозом (66,5%), коксартрозом (9,5%) і крузартрозом (5,4%). У досліджуваній когорті пацієнтів жінок було в 2,2 рази більше, ніж чоловіків. Середній вік пацієнтів склав 47,5±10,8 років, при цьому у чоловіків середній вік був статистично значимо менший, ніж у жінок - 42,4±11,9 і 52,5±9,6 відповідно (р<0,001). Дане епідеміологічне дослідження не претендує на абсолютну повноту істинного поширення і характеру остеоартрозу в українській популяції, але є аналізом достатнього числа випадків, що дозволяє фахівцям ширше подивитися на проблему діагностики і лікування.
ПАРАДИГМА ПОВСЯКДЕННЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ ДЕКОЛОНІЗАЦІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ІСТОРІЇ
Authors: Король Наталя
Published: August 2022

Розпад Радянського Союзу супроводжувався тотальним зламом усіх сфер функціонування суспільства, в тому числі освітньо-наукової. Найбільш суттєвих трансформацій зазнала сфера гуманітарних дисциплін. Зрештою, в радянську епоху їх взагалі складно було трактувати як наукові. Конструкт гранд-наративу історії, сформований пропагадистськими інститутами, монопольно панував в гуманітарній сфері, найбільш яскраво це можна було простежити в царині історичних предметів. Уніфікована історія СРСР, перелицьована ідеологічним інструментарієм концепція “колиски трьох братніх народів”, хронічне протистояння крізь століття гнобителів і пригноблених. До цього набору елементів радянського гранд-наративу, імплікованого в історичну сферу, нерозривно долучався і елемент пропагування благополучного “радянського способу життя”. Безплатне житло, хороші якісні продукти - всі ці маркери активно резонують з масовою свідомістю “гомо совєтікус” і сьогодні, апелюючи до емоцій і викликаючи почуття ностальгії за минулим.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МИСТЕЦЬКИХ, ПЕДАГОГІЧНО-ОСВІТНІХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ДРОГОБИЧЧИНИ КІН. ХХ – ПОЧ. ХХІ СТОЛІТТЯ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ТВОРЧОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ РОМАНА СОВ’ЯКА)
Authors: Мартинів Любомир
Published: August 2022

Стаття розкриває діяльність дрогобичанина Романа Сов’яка – видатного просвітянина, професора Дрогобицького державного педагогічного університету імені Івана Франка, довголітнього керівника Народної чоловічої хорової капели «Бескид», громадського діяча та активного організатора музично-мистецького життя Дрогобиччини кін. ХХ – поч. ХХІ століття.
USING NEURAL NETWORKS FOR MIMO DETECTION AND CHANNEL DECODING
Authors: Башкиров А.В. , Свиридова И.В. , Хорошайлова М.В.
Published: August 2022

Предложен подход глубокого обучения для совместной задачи обнаружения MIMO и декодирования канала. Обычные приемники MIMO применяют подход на основе существующей модели для обнаружения MIMO и декодирования канала линейным или итеративным образом. Однако из-за сложной модели сигнала MIMO оптимальное решение проблемы совместного обнаружения MIMO и декодирования канала (то есть декодирование с максимальной вероятностью переданных кодовых слов из принятых сигналов MIMO) невозможно с вычислительной точки зрения. В качестве практической меры все современные приемники MIMO на основе стандартных моделей используют неоптимальные методы декодирования MIMO с доступной вычислительной сложностью. В этой работе применяются последние достижения в области глубокого обучения для проектирования приемников MIMO. В частности, используем глубокие нейронные сети (DNN) с контролируемым обучением для решения проблемы совместного обнаружения MIMO и декодирования каналов. DNN можно обучить для обеспечения гораздо лучшей производительности декодирования, чем это делают обычные приемники MIMO. Моделирование показывает, что реализация DNN, состоящая из семи скрытых слоев, может превзойти традиционные линейные или итерационные приемники на основе используемых моделей. Это улучшение производительности указывает на новое направление для будущей конструкции приемников MIMO

The article proposes a deep learning approach for the joint problem of MIMO detection and channel decoding. Conventional MIMO receivers use an existing model approach to detect MIMO and decode the channel in a linear or iterative manner. However, due to the complex model of the MIMO signal, an optimal solution to the problem of joint MIMO detection and channel decoding (i.e., maximum probability decoding of the transmitted codewords from the received MIMO signals) is computationally impossible. As a practical measure, all current standard model based MIMO receivers use sub-optimal MIMO decoding techniques with affordable computational complexity. This work applies the latest advances in deep learning to the design of MIMO receivers. In particular, we use deep neural networks (DNN) with supervised learning to solve the problem of joint MIMO detection and channel decoding. DNNs can be trained to provide much better decoding performance than conventional MIMO receivers. Simulations show that a DNN implementation consisting of seven hidden layers can outperform traditional linear or iterative receivers based on the models used. This performance improvement points to a new direction for future MIMO receiver design
Literiasi Syari’ah dan Koperasi Pesantren untuk Menumbuh Minat Entrepreneur
Authors: Hidayat Malik , Pratiwi Wiwik , Arifin Zainal
Published: August 2022

The purpose of carrying out this community service activity is to provide an understanding of Shari'ah Literacy, a union through the interest of Entrepreneurs located in Puri Cendana housing block F 26/5, Sumber Jaya Tambun village, South Bekasi, West Java. After carrying out this activity, it is hoped that it will increase understanding and benefits for students at the Hidayatunnajah Warohmah foundation. This community service activity is held within 1 (one) day. In carrying out this service activity, the problem found was that santriwan / santriwati still did not get an understanding of Shari'ah Literization, union and entrepreneurial interests that were good, and correct in accordance with the principles of guidance from Allah and His Prophet adhering to Q.S. An-nisa : 59. The results of community service activities show that there has been an increase in the understanding of santriwan / santriwati at the Hidayatunnajah Warahmah foundation which is good and beneficial. Overall, community service activities received a positive response from the Hidayatunnajah Foundation Islamic Boarding School, Warahmah Sumberjaya Tambun, Bekasi Selatan, West Java.
PCR Swab Examination Flow Model for People with COVID Symptoms / Close Contact with COVID Patients at the Cilincing District Health Center
Authors: Khairunnisa Khairunnisa , Putry Rini Irsa , Rahayu Sri
Published: August 2022

The Indonesian MOH mentions the vital role of District Health Center where the service prioritizes efforts to improve health and prevent disease, to achieve the highest public health degree. The increase in new positive cases of COVID-19 in Jakarta, which has begun to touch the number of 1000 per day, deserves attention from all elements, both from the government and the community. The community is expected to continue to apply health protocols wherever and whenever it must be maintained properly, correctly and sustainably. For residents of DKI Jakarta, who have symptoms/contact with COVID-19 patients, don't hesitate to check with the Cilincing District Health Center as an effort to anticipate the spread and transmission of the virus. This study is a qualitative study using interview, observation and document review techniques regarding the flow of PCR swab examinations for people who have symptoms or are in contact with COVID-19 patients. Informants in this study were the Contact Tracer and patients who had complaints or symptoms of COVID-19 and were registered at the Cilincing District Health Center. The study was conducted in January 2022. Where the process of checking the PCR Swab at the Cilincing District Health Center is very easy, starting from registration online via the site or scanning the barcode to determine the schedule, coming according to the set time, for results can be checked via a device from home, so there is no need to come back to the hospital. health centers so that examinations are fast, safe and comfortable
The effect of using some teaching methods in learning the skill of basketball scoring
Authors: Mohamed Shaima Jasim
Published: August 2022

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of using the methods (the traditional method, the cooperative method, the reciprocal method) in learning the skill of peaceful scoring in basketball for second-stage students in the Department of Physical Education / Al-Mustansiriya University. And to identify the differences in the post tests of the skill of peaceful scoring in basketball for students of the second stage in the Department of Physical Education / Al-Mustansiriya University using the methods (the traditional method, the cooperative method, the reciprocal method) knowing the best methods in learning the skill in question. The researcher hypothesized: There are statistically significant differences between the tribal tests and the post tests of the skill of peaceful scoring in basketball using the methods (the traditional method, the cooperative method, the reciprocal method). And there were statistically significant differences between the post tests of the skill of peaceful scoring in basketball using the methods (the traditional method, the cooperative method, the reciprocal method). The theoretical framework included addressing the teaching methods and the basic features of the group of teaching methods, as well as the cooperative method, the reciprocal method, the skill of peaceful scoring, and similar studies that dealt with these two methods. As for the research procedures, the experimental method was used to suit the nature of the problem, and the research sample was chosen from the original research community, represented by its second-stage request in the Department of Physical Education in the College of Basic Education. Group using the collaborative method. And the second experimental group: This group was taught using the reciprocal method. And the third control group: where this group was taught the adopted method, that is, the traditional method. The peaceful basketball scoring test was used. The researcher concluded: that the educational curriculum prepared according to the methods used in the research has a positive and effective effect in teaching some types of basketball scoring. The experimental group outperformed the control group in the skill performance of some types of basketball scoring.
Did the Āẕar Kaivānīs Know Zoroastrian Middle Persian Sources?
Authors: Rezania Kianoosh
Published: August 2022

The Āẕar Kaivānīs, a syncretistic religious school in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, combined elements from Islam, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism and Ešrāqī philosophy. The Dasātīr, written by the first authority of the group, Āẕar Kaivān (943/1533–1028/1618), is a bilingual text. Its first language is an artificial encrypted language, represented as the language of heaven; the second is a specific form of New Persian, i.e., with few Arabic words. This article argues that Dasātīr’s author employed the Zoroastrian Zand as a model for the construction of his book. It moreover demonstrates the trace of some Middle Persian lexemes in it. Accordingly, it concludes that the Āẕar Kaivānīs were familiar with the Zoroastrian Middle Persian literature, if perhaps only superficially. The article also scrutinizes where and when contact occurred between Zoroastrianism and the Āẕar Kaivānī school. As a result, it discusses the Zoroastrian concept of secret language and the necessity of its translation and interpretation, which provided the Āẕar Kaivānīs with the possibility to include the notion of a secret book in their own system of thought.
Income analysis on broiler chicken farming in partnership system during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tanralili district, Indonesia
Authors: Nurlaelah Siti , HARNIANTI HARNIANTI , ASNAWI Aslina , SIRAJUDDIN Sitti Nurani
Published: August 2022

This study was aimed to determine the income of farmers who carry out a partnership system during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lekopancing Village, Tanralili District, Maros Regency. The research was conducted on March to April 2021. The type of research used is descriptive quantitative. The sample in this study were farmers who partnered with the X’s company were 2 farmers, the Y’s company were 12 farmers and the Z’s company were 8 breeder. Data was collected through interviews with the help of a questionnaire as the research instrument. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic impacted to the incomes of farmers who partnered with companies X, Y, and Z, other than that it influence price fluctuations. The income earned by farmers with partnership patterns on a business scale of 3000 tail is the highest breeder who partners with PT. Z was USD 1,564.63 and USD 0.52/tail/period. As for the business scale of 4000, the highest is PT. Y of USD 2,285.97 and USD 0.76/tail/period.
Keywords: Agricultural management, Broiler chicken, Income, Partnership system, Poultry farming.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Persepsi Karyawan Dalam Pencegahan Fraud (Studi Empiris Pada PT. BPR BKK Kabupaten Pekalongan (Perseroda))
Authors: Hanurani Norma Yustia , Jaeni
Published: August 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of employee perceptions of the culture of honesty, whistleblowing system and internal control system on fraud prevention. This study is a quantitative study using primary data obtained from questionnaires and measured using a Likert scale. The population in this study were all employees of PT BPR BKK Pekalongan Regency (Perseroda). The sampling technique used purposive sampling with sample criteria, in order to obtain a sample of 104 people. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS version 25 program. The results showed that the culture of honesty and the internal control system had a positive and significant effect on fraud prevention. Meanwhile, the whistleblowing system has no effect on fraud prevention.
Fall asleep quickly – wake up refreshed!
Authors: Schütt Tanja
Published: August 2022

Various causes, including stress and increased media consumption, lead to a reduction or even total absence of the release of endogenous melatonin, followed by problems falling asleep. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), if 1 mg melatonin is taken shortly before going to bed "Melatonin helps reduce the time to fall asleep". Higher doses in otherwise healthy subjects are not correlated with an improved effect on sleep onset latency.
Πολυαιθυλενογλυκόλη – αγωγή για τη δυσκοιλιότητα με βάση τις κατευθυντήριες οδηγίες
Authors: Eberlin Marion , Schütt Tanja
Published: August 2022

Η αύξηση της συχνότητας των κενώσεων και η βελτίωση της συνοχής των κοπράνων παίζουν αποφασιστικό ρόλο για την ανακούφιση από τη δυσκοιλιότητα. Διεθνείς καθώς και εθνικές κατευθυντήριες οδηγίες αναγνωρίζουν τη θετική επίδραση της πολυαιθυλενογλυκόλης σε σχέση με τις δύο αυτές παραμέτρους, με υψηλό επίπεδο τεκμηρίωσης. Θεωρείται καλώς ανεκτή και ασφαλής. Κάποιες κατευθυντήριες οδηγίες συνιστούν τα διεγερτικά καθαρτικά βισακοδύλη και πικοθειικό νάτριο με τον ίδιο βαθμό σύστασης.
Bisacodyl: comprehensive findings direct effective and safe use in constipation
Authors: Landes Sabine , Eberlin Marion , Lange Robert
Published: August 2022

For the first time since bisacodyl was licensed in the 1950s, an up-to-date review has provided a thorough summary of the pharmacological and clinical data concerning this prokinetic and secretagogic laxative. On the basis of the knowledge gained after numerous years of experience with the drug, the review derives practical guidance on advising patients to ensure an even more effective and safer use of bisacodyl.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF COMPETENCY AND INDEPENDENCE ON THE QUALITY OF AUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AUDIT RISK AS MEDIATION DURING THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC (Empirical Study on KAP in Central Java)
Authors: Dewi Saptantinah Puji Astuti  , Aris Eddy Sarwono
Published: August 2022

Cases of declining quality of audited financial reports in recent years have shown an increasing trend, supported by the existence of a pandemic condition with various obstacles faced by client companies, including financial difficulties, due to the impact of the pandemic, in such conditions the management is still required to account for the company's financial statements. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of competence and independence on the quality of audited financial statements with audit risk as a mediating variable.

This study uses a survey method with primary data sources, obtained by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The population in this study was auditors at Public Accounting Firms throughout Central Java, the sampling technique was purposive sampling.

The results of the study using SEM PLS analysis showed that competence, independence and audit risk had a significant effect on the quality of audited financial statements, competence and independence had a significant effect on audit risk. While independence affects the quality of audited financial statements mediated by audit risk, while audit risk cannot mediate the effect of competence on the quality of audited financial statements. Suggestions for further research should be to expand the research sample and add variables that can affect the quality of audited financial statements such as the role of internal auditors.
Microscopic study of age-related changes in germinal centre in the human appendix by using immunohistochemistry technique
Authors: Bichhwaliya Ankur K. , Kumar Santosh , Choudhary Rajeev , Sharma Deepak
Published: August 2022

Background: This study was conducted to observe the age-related changes in germinal centre in human appendix Subject and Methods: The study was conducted on 50 male and female appendix. All the specimens were preserved in 10% formalin solution, after paraffin processing sections were routinely stained with mouse antihuman CD 35 antibody using polymer HRP detection system using IHC technique. Results: The maximum number of lymph nodes and germinal centres found in group A (0-20yrs) and minimum found in Age group C (40-60yrs). Conclusion: Appendix play an important role in immune system.
Assessment of Psychosocial Effect and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Rahi Bhim Singh , Chaudhary Sunil
Published: August 2022

Psychological factors and quality of life influence the breast cancer patient (Khan et al., 2010). The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the breast cancer patients’ self-esteem, perceived social support, and quality of life. Sixty patients were taken in this, whose age was between twenty to sixty years. A self-esteem scale, social support questionnaire, and EORTC quality of life questionnaires were used to assess breast cancer patients. All statistical analyzes were completed via SPSS 16.0. The majority of the patients (93%) had high self-esteem and social support (90%). There was a significant association was found between self-esteem and social support (.001). Global health status and functional scores were high. Patients had increased complaints of fatigue, systemic therapy side-effect, and arm symptoms. Participants had suffered increased financial difficulties. It was observed that the sexual activity and sexual enjoyment of the participants had decreased. Breast cancer patients’ self-esteem and social support were high. The overall quality of life in breast cancer patients appeared to be good. The participants had felt more tired, difficulty lifting their arms. Therefore, Higher Self- esteem and social support were strongly associated with a good overall quality of life.
Elevation of Universal Brotherhood through Better Mental Health: A Psychological Analysis
Authors: Pandey Shivangi , Pathak Vatsala , Dubey Anubhuti
Published: August 2022

Universal brotherhood is a comprehensive term which suggests the thought of equal rights, common interest, reciprocal devotion and affection, and compassionate care. It is an extension of this idea that all human beings are the member of same family and the child of same parents. Mental health is a state of emotional stability and calmness in which one can perform one’s duty effectively and fruitfully, can handle the normal stresses of life appropriately, has capacity to make a contribution to his / her community, and perceive whole community as a family. Such type of thought promotes the feeling of universal brotherhood within individuals. Hence, for the elevation of the feeling of universal brotherhood within individuals, it is necessary to explore that what type of techniques may relevant in the maintenance of mental health. The present paper is an attempt to explain that the secret of good mental health lies in behavioural peace and inner journey, spiritual approaches towards life and the teachings of Bhagavad Gita.
Ferryl–oxo heme intermediate in the antimalarial mode of action of artemisinin
Authors: Kapetanaki Sofia , Varotsis Constantinos
Published: July 2002

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopies have been employed to investigate the reductive cleavage of the O–O bond of the endoperoxide moiety of the antimalarial drug artemisinin and its analog trioxane alcohol by hemin dimer. We have recorded FTIR spectra in the ν(O–O) and νas(Fe–O–Fe) regions of artemisinin and of the hemin dimer that show the cleavage of the endoperoxide and that of the hemin dimer, respectively. We observed similar results in the trioxane alcohol/hemin dimer reaction. The RR spectrum of the artemisinin/hemin dimer reaction displays a vibrational mode at 850 cm−1 that shifts to 818 cm−1 when the experiment is repeated with 18O–O18 endoperoxide enriched trioxane alcohol. The frequency of this vibration and the magnitude of the 18O–O18 isotopic shift led us to assign the 850 cm−1 mode to the FeIV=O stretching vibration of a ferryl–xoxo heme intermediate that occurs in the artemisinin/hemin dimer and trioxane alcohol/hemin reactions. These results provide the first direct characterization of the antimalarial mode of action of artemisinin and its trioxane analog, and suggest that artemisinin appears to react with heme molecules that have been incorporated into hemozoin and subsequently the heme performs cytochrome P450‐type chemistry.
Protein phosphatase 2A methylation: a link between elevated plasma homocysteine and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Vafai Scott B , Stock Jeffry B
Published: July 2002

Tau hyperphosphorylation is a central event in the development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) heterotrimer formation is necessary for efficient dephosphorylation of the tau protein. S‐Adenosylmethionine‐dependent carboxyl methylation is essential for the assembly of PP2A heterotrimers. Epidemiological evidence indicates that elevated plasma homocysteine is an independent risk factor for AD. Homocysteine is a key intermediate in the methyl cycle and elevated plasma homocysteine results in a global decrease in cellular methylation. We propose that the PP2A methylation system is the link relating elevated plasma homocysteine to AD.
Uterine septum misdiagnosed on hysterosalpingogram
Authors: Sheth S.S , Sonkawde R
Published: July 2002

Objective: To evaluate the correctness of diagnosis of bicornuate uterus made on hysterosalpingogram. Method: Thirty‐six women diagnosed on hysterosalpingogram to have bicornuate uterus were subjected to laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Result: Two out of 36 women had bicornuate uterus whereas the remaining 34 had intrauterine septum. Conclusion: Diagnosis of bicornuate uterus made on hysterosalpingogram by radiologists is often incorrect and needs to be revised.
The malleable homo sovieticus: transnational entrepreneurs in post-communist East Central Europe
Authors: Morawska Ewa
Published: July 2002

This paper investigates the coping strategies of post-1989 East Central European transnational migrant entrepreneurs. Paradoxically, rather than facilitating transfer into the region of liberal-democratic orientations and practices, the incorporation of East Central Europe into late 20th-century consumer capitalism based on short-cycle flexible production in sectors unregulated by legal-institutional frameworks reproduces some of the features of the accustomed homo sovieticus syndrome: in particular, the reliance on the beat-the-system/bend-therules orientation on informal/crony patronage and connections, and immediate consumption rather than deferred gratification/investment-oriented capital accumulation renders effective strategies of economic action in the new situation. The effects of so-informed transnational migrant entrepreneurs' activities on the transformation processes in their home-countries are also discussed.
Use of computerized image analysis to quantify staphylococcal adhesion to canine corneocytes: does breed and body site have any relevance to the pathogenesis of pyoderma?
Authors: Forsythe Peter J. , Hill Peter B. , Thoday Keith L. , Brown Jeremy
Published: July 2002

An optimized system of computerized image analysis was used to investigate variations in the adherence of Staphylococcus intermedius to canine corneocytes from four different breed groups and six different anatomical sites. S. intermedius showed significantly greater adherence to the head and neck compared with the dorsum, but adherence to the limb, axilla and groin did not differ from other sites. Furthermore, there was significantly greater adherence of S. intermedius to corneocytes from the dorsum, forelimb, axilla and groin of Boxers and Bull Terriers than Spaniels and Hounds. S. intermedius, and also Pseudomonas aeruginosa, exhibited abundant adherence, which was significantly greater than Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus canis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. In addition, S. intermedius adherence demonstrated a sigmoid dose–response curve with increasing bacterial concentration. These results suggest that S. intermedius adheres to canine corneocytes by a specific receptor–ligand interaction and adheres to the skin of some breeds more avidly than others. However, variations in adherence between body regions would not account for the predilection sites of canine bacterial pyoderma.
Clinical and molecular evaluation of non‐dominant hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele , Nobili Bruno , Francese Matteo , D'urso Luigi , Iolascon Achille , Eber Stefan , Perrotta Silverio
Published: July 2002

About 75% of hereditary spherocytosis (HS) patients have the autosomal dominant form of the disease, whereas both parents of the remaining HS patients are clinically and haematologically normal. These patients could have either the autosomal recessive form of the disease or a de novo mutation. We studied 80 randomly chosen, Italian HS children with normal parents. They had different clinical phenotypes (16 mild, 40 moderate, 16 moderately severe and eight severe). These patients were screened for the occurrence of ankyrin or β‐spectrin de novo mutations. To search for ankyrin de novo mutations affecting mRNA accumulation, we studied a (AC)n microsatellite located in the non‐coding sequence of the last exon of the ankyrin gene, and four different exonic polymorphisms in the β‐spectrin gene were utilized for the detection of de novo mutations influencing β‐spectrin mRNA stability. They were also screened for the presence of α‐spectrinLEPRA as well as for the mutation −108T→C in the ankyrin promoter, two variants previously found in some cases of genuinely recessive HS. Twenty‐five patients showed ankyrin de novo mutations and 10 HS subjects had β‐spectrin de novo mutations. Furthermore, we found five patients to be heterozygous for α‐spectrinLEPRA and one heterozygous for the mutation in the ankyrin promoter. Therefore, a molecular diagnosis was achieved in about 50% of the cases. Our data demonstrate that, among HS patients with normal parents, de novo dominant mutants are six times more common than recessive mutations. These results should be considered in view of the genetic counselling of a normal couple with a HS child.
Hypermethylation of the calcitonin gene in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is associated with unfavourable clinical outcome
Authors: Roman Jose , Castillejo Juan Antonio , Jimenez Antonio , Bornstein Rafael , Gonzalez Maria Gracia , Del Carmen Rodriguez Maria , Barrios Manuel , Maldonado Juan , Torres Antonio
Published: July 2002

We analysed calcitonin (CALC1) gene hypermethylation using semiquantitative differential polymerase chain reaction in 105 patients with adult (n = 49) and childhood (n = 56) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), and studied the association of CALC1 hypermethylation with clinical presentation features and disease outcome. We also investigated the possible relationship between CALC1 methylation status and expression of the cell cycle inhibitor gene p57KIP2. We observed CALC1 hypermethylation in bone marrow cells from 43% (45 out of 105) of ALL patients. Clinical, molecular and laboratory features did not differ significantly between hypermethylated and hypomethylated patients, only T‐cell lineage was associated with hypermethylation (14% vs. 47%, P = 0025). Complete remission rate was similar in both groups although hypermethylated patients had a higher relapse rate (68% vs. 19%, P < 0·00001) and mortality rate (55% vs. 36%, P = 0·06) than hypomethylated patients. Estimated disease‐free survival (DFS) at 6 years was 66·1% for hypomethylated patients and 5·3% for hypermethylated patients (P < 0,00001). Multivariate analysis from potential prognostic factors demonstrated that CALC1 methylation status was an independent prognostic factor in predicting DFS (P = 0·0001). Separate analysis of adult and childhood ALL patients showed similar results to the whole series. In addition, hypermethylated patients showed downregulation of p57KIP2 expression. Our results suggest that CALC1 gene hypermethylation is associated with an enhanced risk of relapse independently of known poor‐prognostic factors and we describe, for the first time, a possible implication of the p57KIP2 gene in the genesis and prognosis of ALL.
DNA activates human immune cells through a CpG sequence‐dependent manner
Authors: Bauer M. , Heeg K. , Wagner H. , Lipford G. B.
Published: July 2002

While bacterial DNA and cytosine–guanosine‐dinucleotide‐containing oligonucleotides (CpG ODN) are well described activators of murine immune cells, their effect on human cells is inconclusive. We investigated their properties on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and subsets thereof, such as purified monocytes, T and B cells. Here we demonstrate that bacterial DNA and CpG ODN induce proliferation of B cells, while other subpopulations, such as monocytes and T cells, did not proliferate. PBMC mixed cell cultures, as well as purified monocytes, produced interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐12 and tumour necrosis factor‐α upon stimulation with bacterial DNA; however, only IL‐6 and IL‐12 secretion became induced upon CpG ODN stimulation. We conclude that monocytes, but not B or T cells, represent the prime source of cytokines. Monocytes up‐regulated expression of antigen‐presenting, major histocompatibility complex class I and class II molecules in response to CpG DNA. In addition, both monocytes and B cells up‐regulate costimulatory CD86 and CD40 molecules. The activation by CpG ODN depended on sequence motifs containing the core dinucleotide CG since destruction of the motif strongly reduced immunostimulatory potential.
Barriers to calcium intake in African–American women
Authors: Zablah E. M. , Reed D. B. , Hegsted M. , Keenan M. J.
Published: July 2002

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine dietary intake of calcium, intake of food components known to inhibit calcium bioavailability, demographic factors related to calcium intake, and the knowledge needs and barriers related to calcium consumption among low‐income African–American women in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Methods: Ninety subjects were interviewed at local grocery stores. Calcium intake was determined using a 24‐h recall. In addition, a survey was administered to the subjects to determine knowledge needs and barriers towards calcium consumption.

Results: Subjects’ mean dietary calcium intake was below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA), with 80% of the subjects having a calcium intake below 75% of the RDA. In addition, intakes of protein and sodium were above the recommended amounts. The general knowledge of the subjects concerning the role of calcium in osteoporosis was high, but this did not have an effect on the consumption of products containing calcium. The most important barriers to dairy product intake were perceived negative taste, perceived association with digestion problems and the perception that they already had adequate intake.

Conclusion: Inadequate calcium intake in African–American women is affected by many factors including their lack of awareness of actual consumption. Nutrition education programmes need to address these factors.
A within‐breed comparison of RYR1 pig genotypes for performance, feeding behaviour, and carcass, meat and fat quality traits
Authors: Tor M. , Estany J. , Villalba D. , Cubiló D. , Tibau J. , Soler J. , Sanchez A. , Noguera J. L.
Published: July 2002

Data on 187 DNA‐tested purebred Landrace pigs were used to compare heterozygous RYR1 genotypes (Nn) and normal homozygotes (NN) in performance (growth, fat deposition rate and feeding behaviour patterns), and carcass, meat and fat quality traits. From 75 to 165 days of age, live body weight (BW), ultrasonic midback (UMB) and loin (ULB) backfat measurements were recorded periodically on the same animal. Individual voluntary feed intake (DFI), number of visits (NVD) and feeding time (FTD) were measured on a daily basis using an automatic feeding system. Polynomial models with random regression coefficients were used to describe BW, UMB, ULB, DFI, NVD and FTD as a function of age. Carcass, meat and fat quality traits were analysed using a mixed model with the RYR1 genotype as a fixed effect. No significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed between NN and Nn genotypes for growth, feed intake and feed efficiency at any age, but the NN pigs showed higher values for UMB and ULB (0.68 ± 0.30 mm and 0.88 ± 0.40 mm, respectively, at 165 days). The Nn pigs had higher predicted carcass lean content (+11.1 ± 3.7 g/kg) and higher proportion of ham in the carcass (+2.9 ± 1.4 g/kg). However, they showed lower values of pH measurements at 45 min post‐mortem (–0.26 ± 0.05 in M. longissimus dorsi, LD), and higher electrical conductivity at 45 min (+1.03 ± 0.17 μs in LD) and 24 h post‐mortem (+1.63 ± 0.29 μs in LD). No significant differences were found between genotypes for intramuscular fat in the M. semimembranosus (SM) and for fatty acid profiles in the subcutaneous backfat and in the intramuscular fat of the SM. The results of this study suggest that Nn pigs would attain their maximum growth rate at later stages than the NN without any relevant change in the feeding behaviour pattern. Also they confirm that Nn pigs are leaner, have greater proportion of high‐priced cuts in the carcass and are more prone to develop pale, soft and exudative meats. However, no effect on fat quality traits was found.
The early clinical course of primary Ta and T1 bladder cancer: a proposed prognostic index
Authors: Allard  , Bernard  , Fradet  , TÊtu
Published: July 2002

Objective

 To develop a simple prognostic index for anticipating more precisely the early clinical course of primary superficial bladder cancer.

Patients and methods

 The prognostic value of patient and tumour characteristics was examined in 333 patients with primary Ta or T1 bladder cancer who participated in a multicentre prospective study already completed. Primary tumour multiplicity, a diameter of >3 cm, stage T1, and grade 2 or 3 were independent predictors of earlier recurrence in a multivariate analysis. A simplified prognostic index consisted of the number of adverse tumour characteristics (ATCs) initially present.

Results

 After a median follow‐up of 35.3 months, the 60 patients free of ATCs (19%) had a recurrence‐free probability at 12 and 24 months of 86% and 69%, respectively, and none experienced progression. Recurrence outcomes deteriorated consistently as the number of ATCs increased among the other three groups. In patients with 3–4 ATCs, the 12‐ and 24‐month recurrence‐free probability was as low as 30% and 19%, and recurrence and tumour rates were about 2.6 times higher than in patients free of ATCs; 7% of these patients experienced progression within 35 months of follow‐up.

Conclusion

 A prognostic index based on the number of ATCs (primary tumour multiplicity, diameter >3 cm, stage T1, and grade 2 or 3) is a strong indicator of the clinical course of superficial bladder cancer within 3 years of the first endoscopic resection. This proposal is suggested for discussion and for validation in future studies but if confirmed, this simple prognostic index may greatly help to identify indicators for adjuvant intravesical therapy and to determine the optimal periodicity of control cystoscopy regimens.