bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mixed-characteristic shtukas
Authors: Scholze Peter , Weinstein Jared
Published: January 2021

This chapter looks at mixed-characteristic shtukas. Much of the theory of mixed-characteristic shtukas is motivated by the structures appearing in (integral) p-adic Hodge theory. The chapter assesses Drinfeld's shtukas and local shtukas. In the mixed characteristic setting, X will be replaced with Spa Zp. The test objects S will be drawn from Perf, the category of perfectoid spaces in characteristic p. For an object, a shtuka over S should be a vector bundle over an adic space, together with a Frobenius structure. The product is not meant to be taken literally (if so, one would just recover S), but rather it is to be interpreted as a fiber product over a deeper base. Motivated by this, the chapter then defines an analytic adic space and shows that its associated diamond is the appropriate product of sheaves on Perf.
Shtukas with one leg II
Authors: Scholze Peter , Weinstein Jared
Published: January 2021

This chapter offers a second lecture on one-legged shtukas. It shows that a shtuka over Spa Cb, a priori defined over Y
[0,INFINITY) = Spa Ainf REVERSE SOLIDUS {xk, xL}, actually extends to Y = Spa Ainf REVERSE SOLIDUS {xk}. In doing so, the chapter considers the theory of φ‎-modules over the Robba ring, due to Kedlaya. These are in correspondence with vector bundles over the Fargues-Fontaine curve. The chapter then looks at the proposition that the space Y is an adic space. It also sketches a proof that the functor described in Theorem 13.2.1 is fully faithful. This is more general, and works if C is any perfectoid field (not necessarily algebraically closed).
Examples of diamonds
Authors: Scholze Peter , Weinstein Jared
Published: January 2021

This chapter assesses some interesting examples of diamonds. So far, the only example encountered is the self-product of copies of Spd Qp. The chapter first studies this self-product. It is useful to keep in mind that a diamond can have multiple “incarnations.” Another important class of diamonds, which in fact were one of the primary motivations for their definition, is the category of Banach-Colmez spaces. Recently, le Bras has reworked their theory in terms of perfectoid spaces. The category of Banach-Colmez spaces over C is the thick abelian subcategory of the category of pro-étale sheaves of Qp-modules. This is similar to a category considered by Milne in characteristic p.
Drinfeld’s lemma for diamonds
Authors: Scholze Peter , Weinstein Jared
Published: January 2021

This chapter addresses Drinfeld's lemma for diamonds. It proves a local analogue of Drinfeld's lemma, thereby giving a first nontrivial argument involving diamonds. This lecture is entirely about fundamental groups. A diamond is defined to be connected if it is not the disjoint union of two open subsheaves. For a connected diamond, finite étale covers form a Galois category. As such, for a geometric point, one can define a profinite group, such that finite sets are equivalent to finite étale covers. In this proof, the chapter uses the formalism of diamonds rather heavily to transport finite étale maps between different presentations of a diamond as the diamond of an analytic adic space.
v-sheaves associated with perfect and formal schemes
Authors: Scholze Peter , Weinstein Jared
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores v-sheaves associated with perfect and formal schemes. The more general formalism of v-sheaves makes it possible to consider not only analytic adic spaces as diamonds, but also certain non-analytic objects as v-sheaves. The chapter first analyzes the behavior on topological spaces. Let X be any pre-adic space over Zp. This is not a diamond, but the chapter shows that it is a v-sheaf. It assesses some properties of this construction. The chapter then looks at applications to local models and integral models of Rapoport-Zink spaces. By passage to the maximal unramified extension and Galois descent, one can assume that k is algebraically closed.
Realism and Responsibility
Authors: Shue Henry
Published: January 2021

This chapter assesses the argument that the practical consequences of everyone's enjoying adequate nutrition—and especially the allegedly resultant global “population explosion”—would make the fulfillment of subsistence rights impracticable, however genuine the rights may be at a theoretical level. It would hurt the future poor. These population objections rest upon a thesis about inevitable deprivation: deprivation that is inevitable unless population growth is slowed by means of the international refusal to fulfill subsistence rights. If indeed the world now has, or soon will have, an absolute shortage of vital resources, then some people will simply have to do without the necessities for survival. On this thesis about the explanation of deprivation, the unavoidable deprivations resulting from the supposed excess of people are taken to be as purely natural as any social phenomenon could be, and attempting to provide social guarantees against the resultant starvation is made to look quixotic.
Delay-Adaptive Linear Control
Authors: Zhu Yang , Krstic Miroslav
Published: January 2021

Actuator and sensor delays are among the most common dynamic phenomena in engineering practice, and when disregarded, they render controlled systems unstable. Over the past sixty years, predictor feedback has been a key tool for compensating such delays, but conventional predictor feedback algorithms assume that the delays and other parameters of a given system are known. When incorrect parameter values are used in the predictor, the resulting controller may be as destabilizing as without the delay compensation. This book develops adaptive predictor feedback algorithms equipped with online estimators of unknown delays and other parameters. Such estimators are designed as nonlinear differential equations, which dynamically adjust the parameters of the predictor. The design and analysis of the adaptive predictors involves a Lyapunov stability study of systems whose dimension is infinite, because of the delays, and nonlinear, because of the parameter estimators. This book solves adaptive delay compensation problems for systems with single and multiple inputs/outputs, unknown and distinct delays in different input channels, unknown delay kernels, unknown plant parameters, unmeasurable finite-dimensional plant states, and unmeasurable infinite-dimensional actuator states. Presenting breakthroughs in adaptive control and control of delay systems, the book offers powerful new tools for the control engineer and the mathematician.
Basic Predictor Feedback for Single-Input Systems
Authors: Zhu Yang , Krstic Miroslav
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses the basic idea of a partial differential equation (PDE) backstepping approach for single-input LTI ordinary differential equation (ODE) systems with discrete input delay. The key point of the backstepping approach lies in it providing a systematic construction of an infinite-dimensional transformation of the actuator state, which yields a cascade system of transformed stable actuator dynamics and stabilized plant dynamics. The cascade system consisting of such infinite-dimensional stable actuator dynamics and finite-dimensional stabilized plant dynamics is referred to as the closed-loop “target system.” The chapter first presents an alternative view of the backstepping transformation based purely on standard ODE delay notation. Then the backstepping transformation is described in PDE and rescaled unity-interval transport PDE notation.
Basic Idea of Adaptive Control for Single-Input Systems
Authors: Zhu Yang , Krstic Miroslav
Published: January 2021

This chapter provides a variety of adaptive predictor control techniques to deal with different uncertainty collections from four basic uncertainties. These include delay, parameter, ODE state, and PDE state. In the presence of a discrete actuator delay that is long and unknown, but when the actuator state is available for measurement, a global adaptive stabilization result is obtainable. In contrast, the problem where the delay value is unknown, and where the actuator state is not measurable at the same time, is not solvable globally, since the problem is not linearly parameterized in the unknown delay. In this case, a local stabilization is feasible, with restrictions on the initial conditions such that not only do the initial values of the ODE and actuator state have to be small, but also the initial value of the delay estimation error has to be small (the delay value is allowed to be large but the initial value of its estimate has to be close to the true value of the delay).
Single-Input Systems with Arbitrary Relative Degree
Authors: Zhu Yang , Krstic Miroslav
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines single-input systems with arbitrary relative degree. It considers the situation when the actuator state is measurable. The control objective is to design a control strategy to compensate for the system uncertainty as well as actuator delay to ensure all the signals of the closed-loop system are bounded. The chapter then employs the well-known Kreisselmeier-filters. It also looks at the more complex situation of the unmeasured actuator state. Again, Kreisselmeier-filters are employed to virtually estimate the unmeasured ODE state. Finally, the chapter summarizes the stability of the ODE-PDE cascade system (in which the actuator state is unmeasured), before illustrating the proposed scheme.
Predictor Feedback of Uncertain Single-Input Systems
Authors: Zhu Yang , Krstic Miroslav
Published: January 2021

This chapter presents the predictor feedback for uncertain single-input systems. This is based on the predictor feedback framework for uncertainty-free single-input systems in the previous chapter. The chapter addresses the five combinations of the five uncertainties that come from a single-input linear plant with distributed actuator delay. These uncertainties include the following types: unknown delay, unknown delay kernel, unknown parameters in the system matrix, unmeasurable finite-dimensional plant state, and unmeasurable infinite-dimensional actuator state. The chapter then studies adaptive state feedback under unknown delay, delay kernel, and parameter. It also assesses robust output feedback under unknown delay, delay kernel, and PDE or ODE state.
“Brought to the Zenith of Civilization”: Indians in England in the 1840s
Authors: Flint Kate
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines the impact made by the Ojibwa and Iowa Indians who toured with George Catlin in the 1840s—and the impression that their travels in Britain made upon them. Both groups performed dances and uttered “the dreadful war-whoop,” and both groups were, effectively, live exhibits, introduced and explained in lectures and in the question-and-answer sessions Catlin held. How did these Indians interpret England? The evidence is somewhat limited, since it must come largely from Catlin's words, in the book he published about his years in England and Europe. In conveying Indian voices, Catlin invariably makes them sound as though they think and express themselves in a simpler, more “innocent” way than the—by implication—more sophisticated product of Western civilization. A native perspective on 1840s Britain is provided by the Ojibwa Maungwudaus. Throughout his account, individual experience gains its importance not through subjective response but as something that may be shared through terms designed to reach a specific readership or audience, with its own familiar frames of reference. Native peoples are not the Other against which modernity is being postulated; rather, the modern world is being presented for them.
Indians and Missionaries
Authors: Flint Kate
Published: January 2021

This chapter studies British–First Nations relations, looking at Indians and missionaries. The missionaries in question, though, are not just the British who worked in Canada, but First Nations men who toured Britain as preachers and spokespeople. The chapter extends the category to include George Copway, whose account of his 1850 visit to Britain, en route to the third World Peace Conference, provides an extended example of native engagement with, and enthusiasm for, modernity. Many of the white missionaries believed they were importing spiritual and material benefits that would allow their native flocks to engage more effectively with an increasingly technological, less localized, and less subsistence-based world. Native commentators who left accounts likewise often position themselves, however awkwardly, as mediators between old and new lifestyles and discourses. Although they often situate themselves quite confidently as supporters of progress, setting the supposedly ahistorical and primitive against the teleological imperatives that informed late-nineteenth-century social systems, this confidence often breaks down when it comes to the question of belief. Not only do they—both native and white—often seek to establish a common ground between native and Christian spirituality, but they have, perhaps inevitably, a blind spot when it comes to asking whether the substitution, or overlaying, of one belief system with another does, in fact, constitute a form of modernity.
Buffalo Bill’s Wild West and English Identity
Authors: Flint Kate
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines the image of the Indian put across by William Cody in his Wild West Show. The ethos and implications of Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show have recently received a good deal of thoughtful academic attention. But understanding the ways in which Buffalo Bill's show was received in Britain, not just in 1887 but on its subsequent visits, involves exploring not only what British spectators might be encouraged to internalize about the American-ness from the shows themselves, but also what is revealed about perceptions of British national identity from their reception. The chapter then looks at the resonances that the Wild West could be made to have for a number of domestic concerns—about mass culture, about gender, and, above all, about Britain's position as a world power. What, however, may we learn of the responses of the Wild West Indians themselves to their experiences? Frustratingly, not as much as one would hope. If the Show Indians were angry about their treatment—whether at the hands of Buffalo Bill or the American government back home—there is no prominent record of it.
Indians, Modernity, and History
Authors: Flint Kate
Published: January 2021

This chapter assesses how attitudes started to shift at the beginning of the twentieth century—partly under the influence of Western movies, partly as modernist writers and artists started to idealize the Indian for their own ends, and as other wannabe Indians, most notably Grey Owl, began to develop the association of Indianness with environmental preservation. It also looks at some contemporary writing by native peoples—especially James Welch and Leslie Marmon Silko—that aims to reappropriate nineteenth-century transatlantic history in a range of imaginative ways. By writing this fiction today, both Silko and Welch reclaim and rewrite the possibilities inherent for native peoples in the late nineteenth century. In so doing, they demonstrate that despite the importance, then and now, of tradition as both concept and practice within Indian society, identity, and modes of thought, it stands not isolated from modernity, but rather in mediation and dialogue with it. At a time when critical attention within American studies has increasingly turned toward imperialism and transnationalism, to explore the importance of the transatlantic Indian is to provide an important reminder that the internal colonial relations of the United States cannot be separated from these other trajectories.
The Medical Guesswork Problem
Authors: Patashnik Eric M. , Gerber Alan S. , Dowling Conor M.
Published: January 2021

This chapter defines the “medical guesswork” problem and explains how the poor integration of evidence into clinical decision making harms the performance of the health care sector. The lack of an effective and politically sustainable response to the medical evidence problem—and this is a sad indictment of the U.S. political system—would be somewhat less surprising if the medical evidence problem harmed “only” politically marginalized groups, such as the poor. But all Americans, including wealthy patients covered by generous insurance plans, suffer if doctors do not follow best practices or if evidence does not exist about, for example, the best way to treat prostate cancer or back pain. The pathologies of the U.S. medical system thus cannot be attributed to distributional bias in an otherwise high-performance system. These inefficiencies and performance breakdowns are widespread and systemic.
The Limits of Professional Self-Regulation
Authors: Patashnik Eric M. , Gerber Alan S. , Dowling Conor M.
Published: January 2021

This chapter explores the institutional roots of medical professionalism in the United States. It examines why the U.S. health care system delegates therapeutic authority to individual doctors and medical societies, with little centralized oversight in programs like Medicare. The chapter also presents findings from a national survey of physicians to gauge their views on the proper role of medical societies in medical evidence controversies. Although the tradition of professional autonomy places the physician at the center of the U.S. health care system, the survey evidence suggests that physicians do not recognize the important role their own beliefs (and potential misconceptions) about what constitutes good medical practice play in contributing to the problems of overutilization and inefficiency. The survey also reveals that doctors generally want their medical societies to forcefully defend treatments challenged by research. At the same time, the survey uncovers notable differences among the views of physicians based on both their medical specialization and partisan affiliation. Doctors who identify with the Republican Party place a somewhat higher priority on protecting clinical autonomy (and a somewhat lower priority on discouraging clinical interventions with minor or no benefits) than do doctors who identify with the Democratic Party.
Territorial and Associational Politics in Historical Perspective
Authors: Ren Xuefei
Published: January 2021

This chapter investigates the historical conditions that led to divergent forms of governance in China and India. It traces early territorial forms of local governance back to imperial China in the thirteenth century and tracks them up to 1911. It also mentions the role of the Confucian gentry in managing local affairs in China. The chapter identifies continuities and ruptures in territorial institutions throughout the republican, socialist, and post-reform eras. It discusses the Indian experience and follows the trajectory of associational forms of governance in India throughout the precolonial, British, and post-independence eras. It highlights how communities have resorted to alliance building to navigate conflicts arising from caste, religious, and ethnic divides. The chapter also assesses the post-independence era as the crucial period for the consolidation of the territorial form of local governance in China and the associational form of local governance in India.
The Poet's Mistake
Authors: McAlpine Erica
Published: January 2021

Keats mixed up Cortez and Balboa. Heaney misremembered the name of one of Wordsworth's lakes. Poetry—even by the greats—is rife with mistakes. This book gathers together for the first time numerous instances of these errors, from well-known historical gaffes to never-before-noticed grammatical incongruities, misspellings, and solecisms. But unlike the many critics and other readers who consider such errors felicitous or essential to the work itself, the book makes a compelling case for calling a mistake a mistake, arguing that denying the possibility of error does a disservice to poets and their poems. Tracing the temptation to justify poets' errors from Aristotle through Freud, the book demonstrates that the study of poetry's mistakes is also a study of critical attitudes toward mistakes, which are usually too generous—and often at the expense of the poet's intentions. Through close readings of Wordsworth, Keats, Browning, Clare, Dickinson, Crane, Bishop, Heaney, Ashbery, and others, the book shows that errors are an inevitable part of poetry's making and that our responses to them reveal a great deal about our faith in poetry—and about how we read.
Hamlet and the Vision of Darkness
Authors: Lewis Rhodri
Published: January 2021

This book is a radical new interpretation of the most famous play in the English language. By exploring Shakespeare's engagements with the humanist traditions of early modern England and Europe, the book reveals a Hamlet unseen for centuries: an innovative, coherent, and exhilaratingly bleak tragedy in which the governing ideologies of Shakespeare's age are scrupulously upended. The book establishes that life in Elsinore is measured not by virtue but by the deceptions and grim brutality of the hunt. It also shows that Shakespeare most vividly represents this reality in the character of Hamlet: his habits of thought and speech depend on the cultures of pretence that he affects to disdain, ensuring his alienation from both himself and the world around him. The book recovers a work of far greater magnitude than the tragedy of a young man who cannot make up his mind. It shows that in Hamlet, as in King Lear, Shakespeare confronts his audiences with a universe that received ideas are powerless to illuminate—and where everyone must find their own way through the dark. The book is required reading for all students of early modern literature, drama, culture, and history.
Hamlet as Historian
Authors: Lewis Rhodri
Published: January 2021

This chapter evaluates Hamlet's memory and accomplishments as a historian. It begins with the “rights of memory” that Fortinbras asserts as he seizes power at the end of the play, and suggests that they reveal the expedience with which William Shakespeare's Danes relate to their past(s). The chapter then considers the vulnerability of memory, and the concomitant ease with which people forget. It also looks at how Hamlet might have seen his father in his “mind's eye,” and draws on the traditions of moral philosophy and Aristotelian psychology to explain how, throughout Hamlet, Shakespeare distinguishes memory (and imagination) from “discourse of reason.” Finally, the chapter turns to the most famous mnemonic lines in English literature: Hamlet's response to his father's ghost in his second soliloquy. Much of the dramatic charge carried by these lines depends on the Aristotelian distinction between remembering and recollecting, and on the ambiguous metaphors on which early modern mnemonic discourse depends. Both enable Hamlet to pursue a fantasy of mnemonic erasure in which his father's commandment lives “all alone” within the “book and volume” of his brain.
Hamlet as Philosopher
Authors: Lewis Rhodri
Published: January 2021

This chapter assesses Hamlet's reason and his accomplishments as a philosopher. It outlines the rudiments of philosophy as the early moderns understood it, before establishing a dialogue between these models of philosophy and the text of Hamlet. In and through the figure of Hamlet, William Shakespeare exposes not only the limitations of humanist philosophy but the inadequacy of most attempts to supplant it at the cusp of the seventeenth century. The chapter then examines Hamlet's efforts to understand the nature of the universe to which he belongs, the status of humankind within it, and the nature of being. After probing Hamlet's deliberations on vengeance, it follows his turn towards questions of religion and of theology, and especially towards those of providence. One of the many remarkable features of Hamlet's attachment to providence is that he takes it not to be the harmonious but largely inscrutable force through which the universe was created and now operates, but as something to be invoked and appropriated in service of his moral deliberations.
Trust in Numbers
Authors: Porter Theodore M.
Published: January 2021

What accounts for the prestige of quantitative methods? The usual answer is that quantification is desirable in social investigation as a result of its successes in science. This book questions whether such success in the study of stars, molecules, or cells should be an attractive model for research on human societies, and examines why the natural sciences are highly quantitative in the first place. The book argues that a better understanding of the attractions of quantification in business, government, and social research brings a fresh perspective to its role in psychology, physics, and medicine. Quantitative rigor is not inherent in science but arises from political and social pressures, and objectivity derives its impetus from cultural contexts. A new preface sheds light on the current infatuation with quantitative methods, particularly at the intersection of science and bureaucracy.
A World of Artifice
Authors: Porter Theodore M.
Published: January 2021

This chapter discusses how measurement activities were central in forming some of the most basic ideas of the physical sciences. It should be observed that this infatuation with measuring led to the neutralization of concepts as well as their creation. Temperature had less human meaning after the experimental physicists laid hold of it. In the natural sciences, Ernst Mach's positivism was especially influential among experimenters. The resonance of the positivist mania for quantification with vast social ambitions for science is exemplified best of all by the career of Karl Pearson. From the early 1890s until his death more than forty years later, Pearson harnessed his prodigious talents to the development of a statistical method and its application to biological and social questions. The chapter then considers the standardization of measurements.
U.S. Army Engineers and the Rise of Cost-Benefit Analysis
Authors: Porter Theodore M.
Published: January 2021

This chapter traces the history of cost–benefit analysis in the United States bureaucracy from the 1920s until about 1960. It is not a story of academic research, but of political pressure and administrative conflict. Cost–benefit methods were introduced to promote procedural regularity and to give public evidence of fairness in the selection of water projects. Early in the century, numbers produced by the Army Corps of Engineers were usually accepted on its authority alone, and there was correspondingly little need for standardization of methods. About 1940, however, economic numbers became objects of bitter controversy, as the Corps was challenged by such powerful interests as utility companies and railroads. The really crucial development in this story was the outbreak of intense bureaucratic conflict between the Corps and other government agencies, especially the Department of Agriculture and the Bureau of Reclamation. The agencies tried to settle their feuds by harmonizing their economic analyses. When negotiation failed as a strategy for achieving uniformity, they were compelled to try to ground their makeshift techniques in economic rationality. On this account, cost–benefit analysis had to be transformed from a collection of local bureaucratic practices into a set of rationalized economic principles.
The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820-1900
Authors: Porter Theodore M.
Published: January 2021

This book explores the history of statistics from the field's origins in the nineteenth century through to the factors that produced the burst of modern statistical innovation in the early twentieth century. The book shows that statistics was not developed by mathematicians and then applied to the sciences and social sciences. Rather, the field came into being through the efforts of social scientists, who saw a need for statistical tools in their examination of society. Pioneering statistical physicists and biologists James Clerk Maxwell, Ludwig Boltzmann, and Francis Galton introduced statistical models to the sciences by pointing to analogies between their disciplines and the social sciences. A new preface looks at how the book has remained relevant since its initial publication, and considers the current place of statistics in scientific research.
From Nature’s Urn to the Insurance Office
Authors: Porter Theodore M.
Published: January 2021

This chapter examines probability, which, during the eighteenth century, was customarily interpreted as the calculus of reasonableness for a world of imperfect knowledge. Enlightenment thinkers applied the mathematics of chance to an implausibly rich variety of issues. They used it to demonstrate the rationality of smallpox inoculation, to show how degrees of belief should be apportioned among testimonies of various sorts, and even to establish or preclude the wisdom of belief in biblical miracles. Probabilists also stressed the applicability of their subject to actuarial and demographic matters. Probability calculations based on mortality records had been used increasingly to set rates for life insurance and annuity purchases since Edmond Halley published the first life table in 1693. Mathematicians all over Europe, but especially in the great commercial states, the Netherlands and Great Britain, applied their skill to political arithmetic during the eighteenth century. Meanwhile, some of mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace's most important contributions arose from his work on population estimates and other demographic problems.
ANALISIS PENGARUH ANOMALI IKLIM TERHADAP CURAH HUJAN DI PROVINSI BENGKULU
Authors: Ismail Muhammad Rizky , Zakaria Ahmad , Susilo Gatot Eko
Published: January 2021

Provinsi Bengkulu adalah salah satu daerah di Indonesia yang terpengaruh anomali iklim diantaranya adalah bencana banjir dan kekeringan, sehingga diperlukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh  anomali iklim terhadap curah hujan di provinsi Bengkulu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui daerah yang dominan terpengaruh anomali iklim, Mengetahui perulangan anomali iklim dan kecendrungan pertumbuhan anomali iklim di provinsi Bengkulu. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisis ini adalah Metode Fast Fourier Transform dan Lomb Periodogram. Hasil dari analisis ini adalah periode frekuensi dominan adalah Perulangan 2,8035 tahun untuk FFT, sedangkan Lomb periodogram adalah 3,8 – 4,4 tahun. hasil analisis FFT bahwa nilai Amplitudo dari data BMKG adalah 1,2 mm2-3,4 mm2. Untuk data TRMM hasil amplitudo adalah 0,1 mm2 – 0,6 mm2. Dengan metode Lomb Periodogram didapatkan nilai amplitudo 2,5 mm2 – 25 mm2 dari data BMKG. Sedangkan untuk TRMM adalah 0,28 mm2- 0,37 mm2 Kesimpulan dari analisis ini adalah bahwa anomali iklim yang berpengaruh menurut hasil FFT  adalah IODM  dengan perulangan 2,8035 tahun.  untuk hasil dari Lomb Periodogram yang berpengaruh adalah ENSO dengan perulangan 3,8 – 4,4 tahun. disimpulkan pula, daerah dominan terpengaruh anomali iklim menurut data BMKG adalah  Kepahiyang, sedangkan untuk TRMM adalah  fatmawati dan Pulau Baai. Untuk kecendrungan pertumbuhan Pengaruh anomali Iklim. Bahwa setiap stasiun kecuali fatmawati BMKG punya kecendrungan naik pengaruhnya.
Studi Numerik pada Balok Beton Bertulang dengan Perkuatan Hybrid Menggunakan GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) dan Wiremesh
Authors: Isneini Mohd , Alami Fikri , Surahman Ridho
Published: January 2021

Dalam pengujian eksperimental yang dilakukan oleh Vernanda (2019), balok beton bertulang yag diberi perkuatan secara hybrid menggunakan GFRP dan wiremesh dengan kombinasi GFRP+wiremesh+wiremesh+GFRP(GWWG) dapat meningkatkan kapasitas beban maksimum yang dapat ditahan hingga mencapai 135%. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian menggunakan software berbasis elemen hingga untuk melihat hasil berdasar kedua cara tersebut. Dimensi balok yang dimodelkan berukuran panjang 1,7 m, lebar 15 cm dan tinggi 15 cm. Tebal GFRP yang digunakan adalah 1,33 mm/lapis sedangkan wiremesh adalah tipe kawat jala yang dilas berbentuk segi empat dengan diameter kawat sebesar 0,55 mm dan lebar bukaan 7 mm x 7 mm. Dengan mengandalkan geometri dan pembebanan yang simetris, balok hanya dimodelkan seperempat bagiannya saja.Persentase selisih hasil antara pemodelan dan eksperimental yang ditinjau di tengah bentang pada balok normal (BN) adalah 2,94% untuk lendutan, 17,30% untuk regangan serat atas dan 3,00% untuk regangan serat samping. Pola retak yang terjadi pada balok BN dalam pemodelan dan eksperimental menghasilkan pola retak yang sama yaitu retak lentur. Persentase selisih hasil antara pemodelan dan eksperimental yang ditijau di tengah bentang pada balok GWWG adalah 30,60% untuk lendutan, 17,42% untuk regangan serat atas dan 8,26% untuk regangan serat samping. Perkuatan yang diaplikasikan pada balok mengalami debonding sebelum regangan tekan beton mencapai regangan ultimitnya. Hal ini terjadi baik dalam pemodelan maupun eksperimental.
INVESTIGATING JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ERRORS IN USING ENGLISH PAST TENSE: A LOOK FROM TECHNOLOGICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS
Authors: Sari Putu Pande Novita , Santosa Made Hery , Adnyani Ni Luh Putu Sri
Published: January 2021

This study aims at investigating junior high school students’ errors in using English past tense in their English compositions. The subjects of this study were 8th-grade students in a junior high school in North Bali. This study employed descriptive qualitative research which describes the error that was produced by EFL learners. There were four steps in collecting the data namely, asking the students to watch a video, telling them to write recount text through guided writing, collecting the learners' writing, identifying the students' errors in writing past tense, and classifying the errors. The data were analysed using Corder's framework to classify students' errors. The study revealed that there were nine types of errors produces by EFL learners. The errors are applying Indonesian syntactic pattern, using Indonesian acronym, omitting the plural marker -s, adding plural marker -s in a singular form, deleting BE, using incorrect word choice, adding articles, overgeneralising, and using incorrect word order. The errors show that the students tend to use their native language structure in composing the English past tense. Hence, the errors made by students and acknowledged by teachers should be addressed immediately by implementing appropriate strategies and materials to enhance learning. Furthermore, this study can be conducted for further research with different subjects as well as references for applied linguistics courses.
READING DIGITAL TEXT AS A NEW LITERACY IN ELT: TEACHERS' PERCEPTION & PRACTICES
Authors: Laeli Anita Fatimatul , Setiawan Slamet , Anam Syafi'ul
Published: January 2021

Technological developments in the 21st-century impacted teaching and learning English. one of the impacts of this technological development is reading activities and competencies, reading experienced a phase of change from printed text to digital text. The change from Printed text to digital text requires new literacies, such as locating information and synthesizing online information. This study aims to investigate teachers' perceptions of reading digital texts in ELT. About twenty-three ELT teachers, both in junior and senior high schools around East Java, were involved in this study. An online open questionnaire was distributed to portray ELT teachers' attitudes, knowledge, and practices in reading digital text. The study reveals that all teachers have a positive attitude toward the practice of reading digital text. However, most teachers have misconceptions about knowledge and practice in implementing reading digital text activities.  Surprisingly, all teachers in this study claimed that they never received a particular workshop to read digital text activities for English class.  Hopefully, this study's result could contribute to the ELT curriculum in responding to the need to facilitate the new literacy in (online) reading and teacher professional development to develop teachers' reading digital text competencies. However, teachers as facilitators in classroom learning activities must recognize new literacy in online reading (especially reading digital text) to help students achieve reading competence in today's digital-based information era.
TEKNIK WATERMARKING MENGGUNAKAN METODE LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT PADA CITRA UNTUK PERLINDUNGAN HAK CIPTA MOTIF BATIK
Authors: WIDIYONO WIDIYONO , WIBOWO ARI PUTRA , DARMAWAN ARIEF SOMA
Published: January 2021

Batik merupakan karya seni yang dijadikan kultur budaya asli Indonesia. Sehingga batik dikenal dunia sebagai ciri khas Indonesai, dengan banyak sekali motif yang beranekaragam. Keanekargaman motif batik merupakan khas dari masing-masing daerah se-Indonesia. Motif Batik Pekalongan memiliki khas keanekaragman warna, perpaduan motif alam, dan motif moderen. Pada era digital pemasaran batik melalui  marketplace yang telah menjangkau dunia dengan tidak terbatas. Tetapi motif batik digital rawan untuk dimanipulasi sehingga diperlukan perlindungan hak cipta motif batik secara digital. Untuk itu pada penelitian ini dilakukan perancangan dan pengembangan aplikasi watermarking dengan menggunakan metode Least Signnificant Bit (LSB). Pembuatan aplikasi watermarking pada penelitian ini menggunakan bahasa pemrograman java dengan netbeans versi 7.4. Dari sistem aplikasi watermarking yang dirancang dilakukan pengujian, bahwa aplikasi ini dapat berfungsi dengan baik sebagai solusi untuk perlidungan hak cipta motif batik. Kata Kunci: Least Significant Bit, Motif Batik, Watermaking,
SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK DAN MAHASISWA (SIMA) DI LINGKUNGAN KAMPUS UPI CIBIRU
Authors: HENDRIYANA HENDRIYANA , SYAWANODYA INDIRA
Published: January 2021

Perguruan Tinggi (PT) dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kepada sivitas akademika ialah dengan menerapkan dan menyediakan fasilitas pelayanan berbasis teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK). Salah satu jenis pelayanan pada departement akademik dan kemahasiswaan ialah pelayanan administrasi permohonan observasi dan penelitian dilakukan menggunakan spereadsheet serta ditulis pada buku agenda. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Kampus Cibiru memiliki jumlah mahasiswa yang bertambah tiap tahunnya. Hal ini menimbulkan permintaan pelayanan bertambah sehingga menjadi kurang efisien karena memerlukan waktu proses permintaan yang relatif lama. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan prototipe sistem informasi yang merupakan tahapan pada metode waterfall untuk menganalisa kebutuhan pengguna. Prototipe diperlukan sebelum perangkat lunak sistem informasi dibangun dengan tujuan pembuatan perangkat lunak terstruktur dan tepat waktu. Implementasi metode yang digunakan menggunakan metode tersebut dilakukan pengujian dan validasi terhadap sistem yang telah berjalan menggunakan instrument aplikasi, analisa data, proses permohonan, penyimpanan data serta dokumentasi memberikan hasil SIMA efektif dan efisien dalam memantu tugas pokok dan fungsi akmawa.Kata Kunci: Akademik, Perancangan Sistem Informasi, Sistem Informasi, Waterfall.
DESAIN 3D KEMASAN MINYAK WANGI APLIKASI CAD (COMPUTERED AIDED DESIGN) DENGAN METODE API (ANALYSIS PRODUCT INSPECTION)
Authors: MUCHID MOCHAMMAD
Published: January 2021

Pembuatan produk yang sempurna  tidak terlepas dari proses design yaitu 3D modeling & 2D Drawing. Penelitian ini bertujuan adalah membuat rancangan model 3D pada produk kemasan minyak wangi dengan aplikasi CAD, Menghitung hasil pengukuran tutup kemasan minyak wangi secara CPK (Penyimpangan) dan secara Average (rata-rata). Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pengambilan data keputusan menggunakan api (analysis product inspection). Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah hasil pengukuran tutup kemasan minyak wangi secara CPK (penyimpangan) mendapatkan hasil 0.89, 0.08, -0.41 dan 0.40 diantara nol dan satu  menandakan  rata-rata proses terletak dalam batas spesifikasi tetapi bagian variasi terletak diluar spesifikasi. Hasil Pengukuran tutup kemasan minyak wangi Secara average, terdapat angka yang berwarna merah yang menandakan dimensi inspection keluar dari basic dimensions khususnya pada point nomer 3 sample 1 sampai 5 semuanya keluar dari batas toleransi . Kata Kunci : Model 3D, Aplikasi CAD, API
SISTEM DETEKSI INTRUSI DAN PREVENSI BERBASIS OPEN SOURCE
Authors: NUR HIDAYAT ANDI MUHAMMAD
Published: January 2021

Dalam infrastruktur pembuat jaringan nirkabel menjadi dilirik oleh semua orang. Hal ini menimbulkan resiko yang dapat terjadi dikarenakan setiap pengguna yang mampu menangkap gelombang elektromagnetik yang ditransmisikan oleh Access Point. Pengguna disini bisa memanfaatkan celah yang terjadi pada jaringan Nirkabel. Celah yang dimaksud adalah serangan yang dilakukan oleh orang yang tidak bertanggung jawab, sehingga membuat pengguna lain kehilangan data, informasi penting dan sebagainya. Maka perlu adanya aplikasi yang dapat mendeteksi dan mencegah serangan yang dapat terjadi. Salah satu aplikasi yang cukup baik yaitu WAIDPS berbasis opensource sehingga dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut oleh penggunanya. Pada penelitian kali ini, aplikasi WAIDPS digunakan untuk mendeteksi serangan yang terjadi, terlebih dahulu dibuat scenario untuk menguji aplikasi tersebut. Saat pengujian scenario serangan yang dilakukan mampu dideteksi oleh aplikasi WAIDPS dan aplikasi WAIDPS dapat berjalan pada komputer dengan resource memory yang cukup kecil.  Kata Kunci: WAIDPS, Sistem Deteksi Intrusi, Open Source, Security;
Integration of Knowledge Management and E- Learning Technologies in Academic Institutions
Authors: Oloruntoyin Sefiu Taiwo
Published: January 2021

This work investigates the integration of e-Learning systems and knowledge management technology to improve, capture, organize and deliver large amounts of knowledge. First, a model is proposed for the phases of knowledge management. The model is then enhanced with concepts and technology from e-Learning. The model is then used to illustrate real world scenarios that add increasing amounts of knowledge management to an e-Learning environment. The system, AMID promises high interactivity, efficiency and effectiveness of integration of knowledge management and e-learning. In addition, the developed system will enhance technical learning process.
Analysis of Symbols Authority through the Perspective of Islamic Holistic Study
Authors: Salsabila Unik Hanifah , Aziizah Aabidah Ummu
Published: January 2021

The fundamental dialectical theory of the Berger model claims that humans are a product of society and society is a human product, so both require interaction and dialectics to influence each other in social life. Until the scope of the rite, each human is a judge to have a specific social function, if he has the influence to regulate, maintain, and transmit sentiments from one generation to another. In other words, humans will always express their existence through artificial things and a sign for each human being to have connectivity with each other. Even if it reviewed historically, it is not necessarily born from the Islamic body ideologically. How much authorization of tangible symbols on religious practices in the Islamic paradigm? Are material symbols in spiritual practices limited to the manifestation of human creativity or sacred things that cannot contest? This scroll will continue until there is a discussion about it.
The Matter of Formation of Human Being Described By the Holy Quran In Comparison With the History of Embryology
Authors: Bashir Imtiaz , Ikhlaq Azal , Riaz Huniya Binte , Ijaz Farhat , Aftab Khurram
Published: January 2021

What is the matter of creation of human? This question has been addressed since long back in the history from ancient Indian and Egyptian civilizations to the Greeks and until the advent of modern sciences. The answers to this question were varying and led to various ideologies about the paternity of the newborn and the role and importance of women in society. More or less the concept was that the human is formed from the male semen and female menstrual blood where semen is the actual matter of formation and the part of the female is just to nourish and nurture; until it is proved by the modern science that both male and female gametes equally take part in the formation of the embryo. However, the Islamic Holy Scripture, the Quran, and the narrations from Islamic prophet (PBUH) and the descriptions of the Islamic scholars stand in opposition to these concepts and have a stunning correlation with the modern scientific descriptions of the embryology.
Development of Discussion Learning Model and Personal Investigation in Classroom Sociology Learning XI IPS SMA Muhammadiyah Enrekang
Authors: Suparman Suparman , Darwis Tri Wijaya , Samsul Putriyani
Published: January 2021

The learning model used by teachers does not vary, resulting in the activeness and independence of students in learning is reduced. Therefore, a new learning model needs to be developed that stimulate the activeness and independence of students, namely the discussion learning model and personal investigation. This research used a Research and Development (R&D) approach. Researchers were focused on developing discussion learning models and personal investigations to be able developing a new learning model that can be applied in learning with clear steps according to scientific rules. The results of research were as follows: (1) students were more active in learning, (2) students no longer rely on friends when there are assignments or discussions, (3) problems that occur in learning can be analyzed by students easily, (4) Models could help foster a sense of responsibility in each student, especially responsibilities as a group member, (5) the learning process in the class was more enjoyable. Based on the analysis of research results and discussions, it can be concluded that the development of discussion learning models and personal investigations that have been implemented in sociology learning has a positive impact both for students and teachers. Students were more active in learning, and students were more independent and better identify social problems. The discussion learning model and personal investigation are appropriately applied in sociology learning in the classroom. Based on the results of the research, it was suggested that: (1) teachers should use different learning models in the learning process so that students are more active in the following learning, (2) This new learning model can be used as a reference for teachers in doing classroom learning, and (3) Discussion learning models and investigative personals can be applied by teachers in sociology learning.
EKSISTENSI PENYIDIK PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL PERIKANAN DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hasan Fikri
Published: January 2021

Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan bertanggung jawab penuh dalam pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan sehingga dapat mengangkat penyidik di lingkungan kementeriannya. Keberadaan penyidik yang lebih dari satu instansi diharapkan mampu mengatasi tindak pidana di bidang perikanan. Kalimat dalam rumusan pasal 73 ayat (1) Undang-undang No. 45 Tahun 2009 tentang Perikanan bersifat kumulatif atau alternatif karena menggunakan kata dan / atau sehingga tidak dapat diterima karena dapat saja diartikan ketiga-tiganya atau salah penyidik. Di sisi lain pihak berwenang dari instansi tersebut berdasarkan fakta atribusi mengingat instansi penyidik berdiri sendiri-sendiri dengan aturannya sendiri. Secara regulasi hal demikian dapat berdampak pada ketidakefektifan dalam penegakan hukum di bidang perikanan.Kata kunci: Penyidikan, P PNS Perikanan, SPP