bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entanglement Distribution in Installed Fiber with Coexisting Classical Light for Quantum Network Applications
Authors: Thomas Jordan M. , Kanter Gregory S. , Eastman Ely M. , Lee Kim F. , Kumar Prem
Published: April 2022

We show polarization entangled photons coexisting with milliwatt power classical light over 45.6 km of installed optical fiber. The entanglement source has a built-in alignment signal for quantum transmitter-receiver polarization basis alignment.
6 Mb/s Secret Key Rate Transmission over 13.5 km SMF Using PCS-256QAM Super-Channel Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution
Authors: Roumestan François , Ghazisaeidi Amirhossein , Mardoyan Haik , Renaudier Jérémie , Diamanti Eleni , Grangier Philippe
Published: April 2022

We experimentally validate the feasibility of wavelength-division multiplexing for continuous-variable quantum-key-distribution, transmitting four 600 MBaud probabilistically-shaped 256-QAM signals with 4 GHz spacing, achieving total 254.6 Mb/s average secret key rate.
Enhanced backscatter fibers for sensing in telecom networks
Authors: Westbrook Paul , Feder Kenneth S. , Kremp Tristan
Published: April 2022

We discuss the application of enhanced backscattering fiber in telecom networks. Such fibers can greatly increase the potential of telecom networks to be used as sensors of network health and its surrounding environment.
GI-core Multimode and Single-mode Polymer Waveguides for High-density Co-packaging
Authors: Ishigure Takaaki
Published: April 2022

We present unique polymer optical waveguide coupler devices fabricated using the Mosquito method to apply for adiabatic coupling with Si photonics chips, three-dimensional fan-in/fan-out devices for multicore fibers, and MUX devices for mode division multiplexing.
Architecture to Deploy and Operate a Digital Twin Optical Network
Authors: Vilalta R. , Casellas R. , Gifre Ll. , Muñoz R. , Martínez R. , Pastor A. , López D. , Fernández-Palacios J.P.
Published: April 2022

We propose an architecture to deploy Digital Twin Optical Networks (DTON), which provide a virtual representation of the physical optical network. DTON allow the assessment of specific behaviors before actual implementation in the physical network.
Intra-Data Center 120Gbaud/DP-16QAM Self-Homodyne Coherent Links with Simplified Coherent DSP
Authors: Zhang Rui , Chen You-Wei , Kuzmin Konstantin , Way Winston I.
Published: April 2022

The first 120Gbaud-based C-band self-homodyne 800Gb/s coherent links using low-latency FEC are experimentally demonstrated. A minimum coherent DSP is proposed to compensate fiber dispersion, phase mismatch between signal and local oscillator, and transceiver I-Q impairments.
Large-scale Programmable Integrated Photonic Circuits: From Microwave Photonics to Optical Computing
Authors: Pérez-López Daniel
Published: April 2022

Multipurpose programmable circuits promise to achieve arbitrary functionality and dynamic system operation as an alternative to custom fixed design. This work reviews the fundaments, programming methods, and performance of its application to microwave-photonics and computing.
3D-Printed Optical Elements for Coupling of VCSEL and Photodiode Arrays to Multi-Core Fibers in an SFP Transceiver Assembly
Authors: Maier Pascal , Xu Yilin , Lauermann Matthias , Henniger-Ludwig Alexandra , Kapim Hermann , Trappen Mareike , Kind Torben , Weber Achim , Blaicher Matthias , Dietrich Philipp-Immanuel , Wurster Clemens , Randel Sebastian , Freude Wolfgang , Koos Christian
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a 3 × 25 Gbit/s SFP transceiver assembly using 3D-printed optical coupling elements to connect multimode multi-core fibers to linear VCSEL and photodiode arrays. Passive alignment yields average coupling losses below 0.7 dB, ensuring conformity with the IEEE 802.3 power budget.
Spatio-Temporal Statistical Model of Free-Space-to-Fiber Coupling Under Atmospheric Turbulence
Authors: Krimmer Jonas , Schmitz Lennart , Freude Wolfgang , Koos Christian , Randel Sebastian
Published: April 2022

Simulating the temporal evolution of the free-space-to-fiber coupling efficiency for a Gaussian beam after traversing a turbulent atmospheric channel reveals that using a few-mode instead of a single-mode fiber significantly reduces link downtimes.
Kerr-induced Rotation of Mixed Orbital Angular Momentum States in Hollow Ring-Core Fibers
Authors: Dacha Sai Kanth , Zhu Wenqi , Agrawal Amit , Murphy Thomas E.
Published: April 2022

We experimentally demonstrate that in the presence of Kerr nonlinearity, the spatial pattern caused by unequal excitation of two degenerate spin-orbit anti-aligned modes in an optical fiber exhibits a power-dependent rotation effect.
Multi-Cluster Reconfiguration with Traffic Prediction in Hyper-Flex-LION Architecture
Authors: Singh Sandeep Kumar , Proietti Roberto , Liu Che-Yu , Ben Yoo S. J.
Published: April 2022

We study the performance of Hyper-Flex-LION optical interconnect architecture under dynamic traffic with traffic-prediction-aided multi-cluster reconfiguration. The simulation results show a 17.2% latency improvement and 36.9% packet loss reduction as compared to a fixed topology.
Streamlined Architecture for Thermal Control and Stabilization of Cascaded DWDM Micro-Ring Filters Bus
Authors: Hattink Maarten , Dai Liang Yuan , Zhu Ziyi , Bergman Keren
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate the thermal control of cascaded micro-ring DWDM filters using a single photodiode. The streamlined implementation maintains stable operation of the 8-ring bus with less than 0.1dB BER power penalty on an 8x10Gb/s link.
Load-Balancing Routing Algorithm Against Inter-Satellite Link Congestion in LEO Satellite Optical Networks
Authors: Ning Yunxiao , Zhao Yongli , Li Xin , Rahman Sabidur , Zhang Huibin , Zhang Jie
Published: April 2022

A novel load-balancing routing algorithm based on satellite-ground cooperation is proposed to reduce the impact of inter-satellite link congestion in LEO satellite optical networks. Simulations prove that our proposal can significantly improve the network throughput.
Computationally-Efficient Sparsely-Connected Multi-Output Neural Networks for IM/DD System Equalization
Authors: Xu Zhaopeng , Dong Shuangyu , Ji Honglin , Manton Jonathan H. , Shieh William
Published: April 2022

Low-complexity sparsely-connected multi-output neural networks are proposed for equalization in a 50-Gb/s 25-km PAM4 IM/DD system. Compared with traditional fully-connected single-output counterparts, a gross complexity reduction of 60.4%/56.7% can be achieved with 2-layer FNN/C-FNN architecture.
Modulation Format Aggregation of Nyquist channels by Spectral Superposition with Electro-Optic Modulators
Authors: Misra Arijit , Preussler Stefan , Singh Karanveer , Meier Janosch , Schneider Thomas
Published: April 2022

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new scheme for all-optical coherent modulation format conversion based on vector summation facilitated by coherent spectral superposition with an electro-optic modulator without using any optical nonlinearity.
Design and Prototype of Auto-Track Long-Range Free-Space Optical Communication
Authors: Li Xun , Bayer Mustafa Mert , Guentchev George Nikolaev , Boyraz Ozdal
Published: April 2022

We present a free-space optical communication module for the NSF PAWR program with an auto-tracking over ±6.5° angle of arrival with <1 μrad resolution. The module is designed to work for rural area deployment.
Passive Nonlinear Compensation Circuits for Photovoltaic Visible Light Communications under Low Illuminance
Authors: Chen Shuyan , Liu Liqiong , Chen Lian-Kuan
Published: April 2022

For photovoltaic nonlinearity, the distortion is much exacerbated at a low illumination level. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple passive post-distortion compensation circuit without complex DSP and achieve one-order of magnitude reduction in BER.
Neural Network-Enhanced Optical Phase Conjugation for Nonlinearity Mitigation
Authors: Kamalian-Kopae Morteza , Ali Abdallah A. , Nurlybayeva Karina , Ellis A. , Turitsyn S.
Published: April 2022

Using a multi-layer perceptron to equalise the residual nonlinearity from the transmission of PDM 28 Gbaud 64QAM over 400km of SSMF employing midlink optical phase conjugation, we demonstrate 12-fold reduction in the BER.
Widely Tunable 1030 nm Gallium Arsenide Sampled Grating Distributed Bragg Reflector Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits
Authors: Verrinder Paul , Wang Lei , Sang Fengqiao , Rosborough Victoria , Yang Guangning , Stephen Mark , Coldren Larry , Klamkin Jonathan
Published: April 2022

A widely tunable 1030 nm gallium arsenide laser with an integrated semiconductor optical amplifier was demonstrated. Continuous tuning across 22.2 nm and up to 70 mW output power was achieved.
Highly-reflective facet-coated 16-wavelength DFB laser array with exact wavelength spacings
Authors: Lv Gen , Xiao Rulei , Yang Zijiang , Sun Zhenxing , Zhou Yating , Chiu Yi-Jen , Chen Xiangfei
Published: April 2022

An HR-AR-coated sixteen-wavelength DFB laser array is experimentally demonstrated with exact wavelength spacings. The spacing accuracy is preliminary guaranteed by the reconstruction-equivalent-chirp technique. The further exact wavelength spacing is achieved by distributed phase compensation.
63 fJ/bit heterogeneous III-V on Si modulator for the C band
Authors: Koscica Rosalyn , Pintus Paolo , Tran Minh A. , Kennedy MJ , Xiang Chao , Bowers John
Published: April 2022

Heterogeneous III-V on Si electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator with a p-i-n junction demonstrates V
π
· L of 3.4 V mm, eye diagram opening up to 12 Gb/s, and small average energy per bit of 63 fJ/bit at 12 Gb/s.
0-Tb/s/λ 3840-km and 1.2-Tb/s/λ 1280-km Transmissions with 168-GBaud PCS-QAM Signals Based on AMUX Integrated Frontend Module
Authors: Nakamura M. , Sasai T. , Saito K. , Hamaoka F. , Kobayashi T. , Yamazaki H. , Nagatani M. , Ogiso Y. , Wakita H. , Kisaka Y. , Miyamoto Y.
Published: April 2022

We successfully demonstrate 1.0-Tb/s/λ 3840-km and 1.2-Tb/s/λ 1280-km long-haul transmissions in 4.2-THz full C-band 175-GHz-spaced WDM configuration with improving signal noise tolerance using 168-GBaud high-symbol-rate PCS-16QAM and PCS-36QAM signals generated by our AMUX-integrated frontend module.
Modeling of Fiber Nonlinearity in Wideband Transmission
Authors: Semrau Daniel
Published: April 2022

The ISRS GN model is reviewed which models nonlinear transmission performance including inter-channel stimulated Raman scattering. Utilizing the model, a convex launch power optimization approach is proposed and applied to a transatlantic S+C+L band system.
Ultra-low loss silicon nitride ring modulator with low power PZT actuation for photonic control
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Liu Kaikai , Harrington Mark W. , Rudy Ryan Q. , Blumenthal Daniel J.
Published: April 2022

A wafer-scale PZT-actuated ultra-low loss, low-power, stress-optic Si3N4 ring modulator is realized with 7 million Q, 0.03 dB/cm loss, 20 nW power consumption and 20 MHz 3-dB bandwidth, is demonstrated to track a laser.
Effective Area Tilt Impact In S+C+L Band Long-Haul Fiber Optic Transmission Systems
Authors: Ivanov Viacheslav V. , Sterlingov Petr M. , Mishra Snigdharaj K. , Downie John D. , Makovejs Sergejs
Published: April 2022

In this paper we investigate the impact of effective area tilt on the performance of wideband fiber optic transmission systems, and quantify transmission performance variability associated with the use of different types of terrestrial fibers.
Modal Loss Characterisation of Thick Ring Core Fiber Using Perfect Vortex Beams
Authors: Banawan Mai , Mishra Satyendra K. , LaRochelle Sophie , Rusch Leslie A.
Published: April 2022

Using a programmable demultiplexer to validate launch conditions, we develop a mode-dependent loss (MDL) measurement method for fiber orbital angular momentum modes. We uncover spread in MDL and confirm low crosstalk in our fiber design.
Raman Amplification for Simplified Channel Provisioning in Wide-Band Optical Networks
Authors: Souza André , Costa Nelson , Pedro João , Pires João
Published: April 2022

This work provides evidence that jointly optimizing the signal launch power, and a counter-propagating Raman pump can both improve and equalize the capacity of an S+C+L-band network, enabling higher throughput and simpler optical channel provisioning.
Optimal Spectral Usage and Energy Efficient S-to-U Multiband Optical Networking
Authors: Sadeghi Rasoul , Correia Bruno , Virgillito Emanuele , Napoli Antonio , Costa Nelson , Pedro João , Curri Vittorio
Published: April 2022

We investigated and showed that using the U-band instead of the complete S-band is a more effective solution for increasing capacity while still reducing energy consumption and cost in transparent and translucent network designs.
PON Virtualization Including PHY Softwarization
Authors: Suzuki Takahiro , Kim Sang-Yuep , Asaka Kota , Kani Jun-ichi , Yoshida Tomoaki
Published: April 2022

This paper summarizes studies on passive optical network (PON) virtualization, including the softwarization of physical-layer (PHY) coding and digital signal processing (DSP), as well as PON abstraction, which provide flexibility and agility to access networks.
Demonstration of In-Service Protocol-independent End-to-End Optical Path Control and Restoration in All-Photonics Network
Authors: Senoo Yumiko , Kaneko Shin , Kanai Takuya , Shibata Naotaka , Kani Jun-ichi , Yoshida Tomoaki
Published: April 2022

We propose a control method for in-service end-to-end optical paths, and experimentally demonstrate the simultaneous restoration of Ethernet, CPRI, and HDMI signals, which is the world’s first operation of protocol-independent control for end-to-end optical-path.
Intelligent End-to-End Nonlinear Constellation Auto-Optimization in W-band Fiber-MMW Integrated Transmission for 6G Access
Authors: Jia Junlian , Chen Jiang , Dong Boyu , Li Guoqiang , Shi Jianyang , Shen Chao , Li Ziwei , Tao Li , Zhang Junwen , Chi Nan
Published: April 2022

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an intelligent end-to-end nonlinear constellation auto-optimization method for fiber-MMW integrated 6G access network. Up to 60% lower bit-error-rate compared with the conventional constellation is achieved at 50-Gbps W-band fiber-MMW access.
Computationally Efficient Pre-Distortion based on Adaptive Partitioning Neural Network in Underwater Visible Light Communication
Authors: Chen Hui , Niu Wenqing , Li Guoqiang , He Zhixue , Zhang Junwen , Chi Nan , Li Ziwei
Published: April 2022

We proposed a computationally efficient pre-distortion scheme based on adaptive partitioning neural network to mitigate nonlinear impairments in high-speed UVLC system. We demonstrated a 56.3% computational complexity reduction in 2.85Gbit/s 64QAM-CAP UVLC system.
Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network to Enhance the Data Rate and Performance for Rolling Shutter Camera Based Visible Light Communication (VLC)
Authors: Peng Ching-Wei , Tsai Deng-Cheng , Lin Yun-Shen , Chow Chi-Wai , Liu Yang , Yeh Chien-Hung
Published: April 2022

We propose and demonstrate using Long-Short-Term-Memory neural-network (LSTM-NN) to mitigate inter-symbol-interference (ISI) in 4-level pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM4) camera based visible-light-communication (VLC) system. Data-rate of 14.4-kbit/s with 3-m free-space transmission is achieved.
Amplification of Structured Light in Optical Fibers
Authors: Abedin Kazi
Published: April 2022

In this talk, the potential of optical fiber in amplifying structured light will be presented. To this end, several multimode fibers with index profile tailored to guide mode with different structures, such as super-Gaussian, Sinc, Bessel will be shown.
Path-Independent Insertion-Loss (PILOSS) 8 × 8 Silicon Photonics Switch with <8 nsec Switching Time
Authors: Konoike Ryotaro , Suzuki Keijiro , Ikeda Kazuhiro
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate strictly non-blocking and 8 × 8 silicon photonics switch with 10-90% switching time of <8 nsec, on-chip loss of 3.8±0.19 dB independent of path settings, and 20-dB crosstalk bandwidth of ~30 nm. © 2022 The Author(s)
Digitally Controlled Silicon Nitride Optical Switch
Authors: Sharma Suraj , Kohli Niharika , Brière Jonathan , Nabki Frederic , Ménard Michaël
Published: April 2022

We report the first 1 x 3 silicon nitride optical switch using silicon electrostatic MEMS actuator with a 4.97 dB average insertion loss over the 1530 nm to 1580 nm wavelength range.
Recent Advances in Large-scale Optical Switches Based on Silicon Photonics
Authors: Suzuki Keijiro , Konoike Ryotaro , Matsuura Hiroyuki , Matsumoto Ryosuke , Inoue Takashi , Namiki Shu , Kawashima Hitoshi , Ikeda Kazuhiro
Published: April 2022

We review our recent results in multi-port strictly non-blocking silicon photonics switches. Challenges for polarization and wavelength insensitive operations are discussed. These results indicate the Si-photonics switch is suitable for the data center network applications.
First Demonstration of a Single-λ, Full-Duplex RRH Transceiver with Single RF Carrier for Bidirectional Radio
Authors: Schrenk Bernhard , Karinou Fotini
Published: April 2022

We successfully the reception and transmission of radio signals over the same optoelectronic port and at the same RF carrier frequency at the same time. We find >2% EVM margins for 16/64-QAM OFDM down-/uplink transmission.
5G Millimeter-Wave Analog RoF System employing Optical Injection Locking and Direct Modulation of DFB Laser
Authors: Delmade Amol , Martin Eamonn , Browning Colm , Barry Liam P.
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate the successful generation of 28.2 and 35.3 GHz mm-wave signals through optical injection locking and direct modulation of a DFB laser. The low phase noise mm-wave signal generated supports 5G compatible OFDM signals.
246km Long Distance fiber optic DAS System Based on Multi-Span Bidirectional EDFAs and Cascaded AOMs
Authors: Cunzheng Fan , Hao Li , Baoqiang Yan , Zhijun Yan , Qizhen Sun
Published: April 2022

A long-distance DAS system based on multi-span bidirectional erbium-doped fiber amplifier was proposed. Assisted with high ER pulse from cascaded AOMs, 246km sensing distance was realized using four-segment relays. © 2022 The Author(s)
Delay Advantage of Optical Satellite Networks (OSN) in Long-Distance Transoceanic Communication
Authors: Li Jipu , Hua Nan , Li Yanhe , Zheng Xiaoping
Published: April 2022

We study the impacts of traffic source/destination location, routing strategy and load on the end-to-end delay benefit of OSN. Simulation and emulation results show that OSN has great delay advantage over terrestrial/undersea optical networks. © 2022 The Author(s)
Field Learnings of Deploying Model Assisted Network Feedback Systems
Authors: MacKay Alex W. , Boertjes David W.
Published: April 2022

Latent SNR margin in optical transport networks is investigated using performance monitoring SDN applications. An observed network can increase capacity by 13.8%, maintaining ≥1 dB of SNR margin at full fill without modifying any equipment.
Modified Weighted Learned Digital Backpropagation with Pre-optimization in High-symbol-rate Coherent Systems
Authors: Tang Du , Wu Zhen , Tang Xizi , Luo Jiating , Luo Ji , Zheng Bofang , Qiao Yaojun
Published: April 2022

A modified weighted learned digital backpropagation (M-W-LDBP) with pre-optimization is proposed for fiber nonlinearity compensation in high-symbol-rate coherent systems. Compared with LDBP, M-W-LDBP exhibits 1/0.7 dB signal-to-noise ratio gain in 90/128-GBaud systems, respectively.
Link Power Optimization for S+C+L Multi-band WDM Coherent Transmission Systems
Authors: Landero Salma Escobar , de Jauregui Ruiz Ivan Fernandez , Ferrari Alessio , Le Gac Dylan , Frignac Yann , Charlet Gabriel
Published: April 2022

We compare S+C+L link power optimization based on the fast and simple heuristic balance of linear and nonlinear noises versus more complex ML-based techniques to estimate optimum per-band line amplifier settings for system capacity maximization.
Polarization Insensitive Fiber Optic Parametric Amplifier with a Gain Bandwidth of 22 nm in S-Band
Authors: Gaur Chandra B , Gordienko Vladimir , Hazarika Pratim , Doran Nick J
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a polarization insensitive fiber optic parametric amplifier to provide net gain >10dB and polarization dependent gain <1dB for up to 19 WDM channels in the range 1508– 1530nm. © 2022 The Author(s)
Coherent chaotic optical communication of 30 Gb/s over 340-km fiber transmission via deep learning
Authors: Yang Zhao , Ke Junxiang , Zhuge Qunbi , Hu Weisheng , Yi Lilin
Published: April 2022

Chaotic optical communication has attracted much attention as a hardware encryption method in the physical layer. Limited by the requirements of chaotic hardware synchronization, fiber transmission impairments are restrictedly compensated in the optical domain. There has been little experimental demonstration of high-speed and long-distance chaotic optical communication systems. Here, we propose a method to overcome such limitations. Using a deep-learning model to realize chaotic synchronization in the digital domain, fiber transmission impairments can be compensated by digital-signal processing (DSP) algorithms with coherent detection. A successful transmission of 30 Gb/s quadrature phase-shift keying messages hidden in a 15 GHz wideband chaotic optical carrier was experimentally demonstrated over a 340-km fiber link. Meanwhile, the chaotic receiver can be significantly simplified without compromising security. The proposed method is a possible way to promote the practical application of chaotic optical communications.
High-power, frequency-quadrupled UV laser source resonant with the 1S0–3P1 narrow intercombination transition of cadmium at 326.2 nm
Authors: Manzoor Shamaila , Tinsley Jonathan N. , Bandarupally Satvika , Chiarotti Mauro , Poli Nicola
Published: April 2022

We present a novel high-power, frequency-stabilized UV laser source at 326.2 nm, resonant with the Cd 1S0–3P1 narrow intercombination transition. We achieve a maximum produced power of 1 W at 326.2 nm by two successive frequency doubling stages of a narrow-linewidth (<1 kHz) seed laser at 1304.8 nm. Approximately 3.4 W of optical power at 652.4 nm is produced by a visible Raman fiber amplifier (VRFA) that amplifies and generates the second harmonic of the infrared radiation. The visible light is subsequently frequency-doubled down to 326.2 nm in a nonlinear bow-tie cavity using a Brewster-cut beta-barium-borate (BBO) crystal, with a maximum conversion efficiency of approximately 40% for 2.5 W of coupled red power. Full characterization of the laser source, together with spectroscopy signals of all Cd isotopes, spanning more than 4 GHz in the UV, are shown.
Annual burden of disease in Nakaale, Karamoja: A descriptive, cross-sectional study
Authors: Hopp Leah J. , Clementinah Ajwang , Verdick Christopher J. , Napyo Agnes
Published: April 2022

Even with global Sustainable Development Goals aimed at reducing poverty by reaching those furthest behind first and reducing inequalities within countries, regions like Karamoja continue to score low on many health indices. To understand the Karamoja context, we aimed to systematically describe the burden of disease in Nakaale, which is a hard-to-reach parish in Nakapiripirit District, through disaggregated data. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted between January and December 2019. We relied on secondary data collected from all clients seen at Akisyon a Yesu Presbyterian Clinic’s outpatient department in Nakaale. Data was extracted from Uganda’s Health Management Information System records using Excel and exported to Stata for analysis. We labelled, categorised, and estimated frequencies and proportions for the variables. We estimated the means and medians for normally distributed or skewed variables respectively. A total of 14,685 observations, different diagnoses (n = 163) and residential locations or villages (n = 189) were extracted and included in the analysis. Nearly half (48.9%) of the clients were under the age of five years. Infectious diseases (42%), respiratory diseases (19%), and gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases (17%) were most commonly reported. While many clients (42%) reside in the sub-county where the health facility is located, a larger proportion (58%) came from further away, including 15% from outside of the local district. In conclusion, Akiyson a Yesu Presbyterian Clinic serves a very young population in a catchment area well beyond what is expected of a Health Centre II, in breadth of diagnoses, geographically, and in sheer numbers. Data gathered in this study will inform policy at the clinic, subcounty, and district levels enabling accurate health service delivery for the local context.
Hypoxemia, hypoglycemia and IMCI danger signs in pediatric outpatients in Malawi
Authors: Thunberg André , Zadutsa Beatiwel , Phiri Everlisto , King Carina , Langton Josephine , Banda Lumbani , Makwenda Charles , Hildenwall Helena
Published: April 2022

Hypoxemia and hypoglycemia are known risks for mortality in children in low-income settings. Routine screening with pulse oximetry and blood glucose assessments for outpatients could assist in early identification of high-risk children. We assessed the prevalence of hypoglycemia and hypoxemia, and the overlap with Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) general danger signs, among children seeking outpatient care in Malawi. A cross-sectional study was conducted at 14 government primary care facilities, four rural hospitals and one district referral hospital in Mchinji district, Malawi from August 2019—April 2020. All children aged 0–12 years seeking care with an acute illness were assessed on one day per month in each facility. Study research assistants measured oxygen saturation using Lifebox LB-01 pulse oximeter and blood glucose was assessed with AccuCheck Aviva glucometers. World Health Organization definitions were used for severe hypoglycemia (<2.5mmol/l) and hypoxemia (SpO2 <90%). Moderate hypoglycemia (2.5–4.0mmol/l) and hypoxemia (SpO2 90–93%) were also calculated and prevalence levels compared between those with and without IMCI danger signs using chi2 tests. In total 2,943 children were enrolled, with a median age of 41 (range: 0–144) months. The prevalence of severe hypoxemia was 0.6% and moderate hypoxemia 5.4%. Severe hypoglycemia was present in 0.1% of children and moderate hypoglycemia in 11.1%. IMCI general danger signs were present in 29.3% of children. All severely hypoglycemic children presented with an IMCI danger sign (p <0.001), but only 23.5% of the severely hypoxemic and 31.7% of the moderately hypoxemic children. We conclude that while the prevalence of severe hypoxemia and hypoglycemia were low, moderate levels were not uncommon and could potentially be useful as an objective tool to determine referral needs. IMCI danger signs identified hypoglycemic children, but results highlight the challenge to detect hypoxemia. Future studies should explore case management strategies for moderate hypoxemia and hypoglycemia.
Multiple sclerosis patients have an altered gut mycobiome and increased fungal to bacterial richness
Authors: Yadav Meeta , Ali Soham , Shrode Rachel L. , Shahi Shailesh K. , Jensen Samantha N. , Hoang Jemmie , Cassidy Samuel , Olalde Heena , Guseva Natalya , Paullus Mishelle , Cherwin Catherine , Wang Kai , Cho Tracey , Kamholz John , Mangalam Ashutosh K.
Published: April 2022

Trillions of microbes such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses exist in the healthy human gut microbiome. Although gut bacterial dysbiosis has been extensively studied in multiple sclerosis (MS), the significance of the fungal microbiome (mycobiome) is an understudied and neglected part of the intestinal microbiome in MS. The aim of this study was to characterize the gut mycobiome of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), compare it to healthy controls, and examine its association with changes in the bacterial microbiome. We characterized and compared the mycobiome of 20 RRMS patients and 33 healthy controls (HC) using Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) and compared mycobiome interactions with the bacterial microbiome using 16S rRNA sequencing. Our results demonstrate an altered mycobiome in RRMS patients compared with HC. RRMS patients showed an increased abundance of Basidiomycota and decreased Ascomycota at the phylum level with an increased abundance of Candida and Epicoccum genera along with a decreased abundance of Saccharomyces compared to HC. We also observed an increased ITS2/16S ratio, altered fungal and bacterial associations, and altered fungal functional profiles in MS patients compared to HC. This study demonstrates that RRMS patients had a distinct mycobiome with associated changes in the bacterial microbiome compared to HC. There is an increased fungal to bacterial ratio as well as more diverse fungal-bacterial interactions in RRMS patients compared to HC. Our study is the first step towards future studies in delineating the mechanisms through which the fungal microbiome can influence MS disease.
The ship domain in navigational safety assessment
Authors: Wielgosz Miroslaw , Pietrzykowski Zbigniew
Published: April 2022

Decision support and decision making systems find increasingly more applications in various modes of transport. In this connection, criteria of movement safety assessment must be established for manned, unmanned, and autonomous vehicles, bearing in mind the specifics of each transport mode. Distance is one of the basic criteria. In sea transport these include the closest point of approach and ship’s domain understood as an area that should remain free of other objects. The authors examine the relationship between the declared domain and the actually maintained effective domain in a restricted area. They define the coefficient describing this relationship for different ship’s relative bearings in the form of a mathematical function. The formulated relationship allows determining an effective passing distance based on the declared, i.e., assumed passing distance. The determined relationship also enables identification of the declarative domain based on the effective one. These relationships may be used in decision support systems of manned ships, in remote ship control centres and decision-making systems of autonomous ships for the assessment of ship movement safety, planning collision avoidance manoeuvres and generation of safe trajectories.
Long-term effectiveness of growth hormone therapy in children born small for gestational age: An analysis of LG growth study data
Authors: Lee Hae Sang , Kum Change Dae , Rho Jung Gi , Hwang Jin Soon
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Growth hormone (GH) treatment has been used to improve growth in short children who were born small for gestational age (SGA). The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy of GH treatment in these children.

Methods

Data from a multicenter observational clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01604395, LG growth study) were analyzed for growth outcome and prediction model in response to GH treatment. One hundred fifty-two children born SGA were included.

Results

The mean age of patients born SGA was 7.13 ± 2.59 years. Height standard deviation score (SDS) in patients born SGA increased from -2.55 ± 0.49 before starting treatment to -1.13 ± 0.76 after 3 years of GH treatment. Of the 152 patients with SGA, 48 who remained prepubertal during treatment used model development. The equation describing the predicted height velocity during 1st year of GH treatment is as follows: the predictive height velocity (cm) = 10.95 + [1.12 x Height SDS at initial treatment (score)] + [0.03 x GH dose (ug/kg/day)] + [0.30 x TH SDS at initial treatment (score)] + [0.05 x age (year)] + [0.15 x Weight SDS at initial treatment (score)] ± 1.51 cm.

Conclusions

GH treatment improved growth outcome in short children born SGA. We also developed a prediction model that is potentially useful in determining the optimal growth outcome for each child born SGA.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01604395.
Perceived evidence use: Measurement and construct validation of managerial evidence use as perceived by subordinates
Authors: Jepsen Denise M. , Rousseau Denise M.
Published: April 2022

Despite the promise of evidence-based management as a practice for improving decisions and their outcomes in organizations, little empirical study exists on the effects of evidence use in the workplace. The present research develops a scale to assess subordinate perceptions of managerial evidence use in decision making and provides empirical evidence of the relationships this measure has with established workplace and organizational phenomena. First, scale development studies in four samples, including a field site and MBA courses with students employed full time, show that perceived evidence use can be measured reliably and is distinct from other leadership measures. Second, a cross-sectional study of 308 employees in 18 aged care homes demonstrates a positive relationship between employee perceptions of managerial evidence use and commonly used measures of leader member exchange, trust in supervisor, work-based learning, and organizational performance ratings, and a negative relationship with employee distress. These results suggest implications for leadership and management practices in contemporary, information-rich environments and novel insights into how employees can be affected by managerial evidence use.
Refining the chronology of North America’s copper using traditions: A macroscalar approach via Bayesian modeling
Authors: Bebber Michelle R. , Buchanan Briggs , Holland-Lulewicz Jacob
Published: April 2022

North America’s ancient copper use, predicted to originate as early as 9000 cal BP, represents the earliest use of native copper for utilitarian tool production in the world. Although recent work has focused on establishing the first use of copper in the western Great Lakes region, little attention has been paid to determining the age ranges of subsequent copper using groups or to the identification of broader trends in copper use during the Archaic Period (10,000–3000 RCYBP). Here we address this issue by applying Bayesian modeling to a comprehensive suite of 76 radiocarbon dates directly associated with copper use. Our results identified two distinct peaks in copper usage, ca. 5500 cal BP and ca. 3300 cal BP. Age ranges for the three Archaic Period traditions and practices associated with copper use of the western Great Lakes are revised using modern calibration curves. Bayesian revisions of age ranges from sites where copper tools and/or production debris have been found provide insight into the historical relationships between, and cultural interactions among, these early copper using groups. This study provides an updated, refined chronology based on the most recent calibration curve (IntCal20) for the varied cultural contexts of copper use across the western Great Lakes.
Responsiveness of open innovation to COVID-19 pandemic: The case of data for good
Authors: Scotti Francesco , Pierri Francesco , Bonaccorsi Giovanni , Flori Andrea
Published: April 2022

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, countries around the world are facing one of the most severe health and economic crises of recent history and human society is called to figure out effective responses. However, as current measures have not produced valuable solutions, a multidisciplinary and open approach, enabling collaborations across private and public organizations, is crucial to unleash successful contributions against the disease. Indeed, the COVID-19 represents a Grand Challenge to which joint forces and extension of disciplinary boundaries have been recognized as main imperatives. As a consequence, Open Innovation represents a promising solution to provide a fast recovery. In this paper we present a practical application of this approach, showing how knowledge sharing constitutes one of the main drivers to tackle pressing social needs. To demonstrate this, we propose a case study regarding a data sharing initiative promoted by Facebook, the Data For Good program. We leverage a large-scale dataset provided by Facebook to the research community to offer a representation of the evolution of the Italian mobility during the lockdown. We show that this repository allows to capture different patterns of movements on the territory with increasing levels of detail. We integrate this information with Open Data provided by the Lombardy region to illustrate how data sharing can also provide insights for private businesses and local authorities. Finally, we show how to interpret Data For Good initiatives in light of the Open Innovation Framework and discuss the barriers to adoption faced by public administrations regarding these practices.
Deteksi Adiksi Internet dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhinya pada Remaja di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Banunaek Diana Adriani , Sekartini Rini , Pardede Sudung O. , Tridjaja Bambang , Prayitno Ari , Devaera Yoga
Published: April 2022

Latar belakang. Pandemi Covid-19 memberikan dampak besar secara global, salah satunya di bidang pendidikan. Kegiatan pembelajaran dilakukan secara daring (dalam jaringan). Remaja yang mengikuti sekolah daring lebih banyak menghabiskan waktu di depan layar. Remaja juga merasa kesepian karena adanya pembatasan sosial sehingga mencari pelarian melalui internet. Hal ini menyebabkan semakin meningkatnya waktu di depan layar sehingga meningkatkan adiksi internet pada remaja.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalens adiksi internet remaja di masa pandemi Covid-19 serta mengetahui hubungannya dengan beberapa faktor sosio-demografik. Metode. Penelitian potong lintang terhadap 332 siswa SMP/SMA/SMK/sederajat yang sedang menjalani sekolah daring, melalui pengisian kuesioner faktor sosio-demografik dan KDAI (kuesioner deteksi adiksi internet), dalam waktu 3 bulan (Maret-Juni 2021).Hasil. Prevalensi adiksi internet remaja sebanyak 29,8%. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan adiksi internet adalah waktu di depan layar untuk kegiatan hiburan ≥3 jam (p=0,001, adjusted OR 4,309, IK 95% 1,833-10,129) serta pengawasan orangtua yang buruk dalam penggunaan internet (p=0,037, adjusted OR 1,827, IK 95% 1,038-3,215). Kesimpulan. Tidak ada peningkatan prevalensi adiksi internet remaja di masa pandemi Covid-19. Variabel yang memiliki hubungan dengan adiksi internet adalah pengawasan orangtua yang buruk dan waktu depan layar untuk kegiatan hiburan ≥3 jam.
Hubungan Prokalsitonin dan Rasio Neutrofil Limfosit dengan Mortalitas Pneumonia di Ruang Rawat Intensif Anak Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik Medan
Authors: Adilla Nadya Riqqoh , Lubis Aridamuriany Dwiputri
Published: April 2022

Latar belakang. Pneumonia merupakan penyebab kematian 808.694 anak dibawah 5 tahun pada tahun 2017 di dunia. Rerata jumlah kematian harian balita akibat pneumonia pada tahun 2007 adalah 83 anak. Peningkatan kadar prokalsitonin (PCT) secara signifikan berhubungan dengan peningkatan mortalitas, begitu pula dengan rasio neutrofil limfosit (NLR) yang merupakan parameter sederhana untuk menilai status inflamasi subjek dan dapat memperkirakan mortalitas 30 hari pasien Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) khususnya pada pasien pediatri.Tujuan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan PCT dan NLR dengan angka mortalitas pneumonia anak di PICU RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan tahun 2018-2019. Metode. Penelitian analitik desain cross sectional dengan pengambilan sampel data rekam medis PICU pasien pneumonia anak di RSUP H Adam Malik Medan tahun 2018-2019 yang disesuaikan dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Analisis data menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney menggunakan program pengolahan data SPSS.Hasil. Hasil uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan hasil yang tidak signifikan antara PCT dengan angka mortalitas pasien pneumonia anak dengan nilai p=0,996. Sebaliknya, ditemukan hasil yang signifikan, tetapi relatif lemah pada analisis NLR dengan angka mortalitas pasien pneumonia anak dengan nilai p=0,049.Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan antara NLR dengan angka mortalitas pasien pneumonia anak di PICU. Namun didapati hasil sebaliknya pada hubungan PCT dengan variable yang sama.
PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF TECHNICAL CELLULOSE FROM HOGWEED BY THE OXIDATIVE-ORGANOSOLVENT METHOD
Authors: Vurasko Alesja Valer'evna , Ageev Maksim Arkad'yevich , Sivakov Valeriy Pavlovich
Published: April 2022

Hogweed multiplies rapidly and gains a large volume of phytomass during the growing season, which allows us to consider the mature biomass of hogweed as a raw material for cellulose production. The aim of the work is to obtain cellulose from lignified stems of hogweed by an oxidative-organosolvent method and study its properties. Raw materials in the form of stems harvested in August contain less lignin, more cellulose and minerals, compared to raw materials harvested in September. The component composition of raw materials: the mass fraction of lignin is 21.9%, cellulose is 46.4% of the absolutely dry raw materials. Depending on the conditions, cellulose with a yield of 49.5–49.7% was obtained by redox-organosolvent cooking with preliminary alkaline treatment % of absolutely dry raw materials, the mass fraction of lignin is 3.9–4.3% of the mass of absolutely dry cellulose, whiteness 72.0–80.2%. The best indicators for physical and mechanical properties are cellulose obtained at a consumption of 0.8 g/g of equilibrium peroxyacetic acid and with a duration of alkaline treatment of 90 minutes. The analysis of cellulose showed that it is possible to obtain cellulose from hogweed that is comparable in characteristics to GOST 28172-89. The anatomical elements of cellulose contain bast fibers, parenchymal cells and vessels. The average fiber length is 0.70 mm, and the average fiber width is 20.4 microns. According to the fractional composition and fiber sizes, the resulting cellulose should be attributed to short-fiber semi-finished products.
DYNAMICS OF PIGMENTS CONTENT IN SILPHIUM PERFOLIATUM L. LEAVES DEPENDING ON THE PHASE OF DEVELOPMENT AND SEASONAL FACTORS
Authors: Davidyants Eleonora Sergeyevna , Kravtsov Viktor Vasil'yevich
Published: April 2022

The paper presents the results of studying the dynamics of the content of pigments in the leaves of Silphium perfoliatum L. (family Asteraceae), growing in the zone of unstable moisture of the Central Ciscaucasia, depending on the phase of development and seasonal factors. S. perfoliatum is a valuable forage, melliferous and flower-ornamental crop, which is also of interest as a source of various biologically active substances: terpenoids, triterpene saponins, polyphenols, polysaccharides, and others. Using the spectrophotometric method, the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the amount of carotenoids were determined in the leaves of S. perfoliatum variety Alena during 3 growing seasons (2018–2020 years). Changes in the content of pigments in plant leaves with a change in phenological phases have been established. The maximum content of total chlorophyll and total carotenoids in leaves was observed in the budding phase and over the years of the study averaged 0.75% and 0.15%, respectively (based on the absolutely dry weight of raw materials), in the flowering phase the amount of pigments slightly decreased and reached a minimum in the fruiting phase (0.52 and 0.12%, respectively). The content of pigments in leaves also depended on seasonal factors and increased with improved moisture conditions, which, in turn, depended on the amount of precipitacion.

A sufficiently high level of pigment content in the leaves of Silphium perfoliatum L. allows us to consider them as a promising medicinal raw material containing chlorophyll and carotenoids, the collection of which should be carried out in the budding phase.
BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE AND SPARE SUBSTANCES THE VEGETATIVE ORGANS OF HEMEROCALLIS HY-BRIDA OF THE BAMDERY CRISMAS VARIETY
Authors: Sedelnikova Lyudmila Leonidovna , Kukushkina Tat'yana Abdukhailovna
Published: April 2022

In the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia, a comparative study of the content of secondary metabolites, such as pectins, protopectins, catechins, flavonols, sugars, starch, saponins, ascorbic acid in the vegetative organs of Hemerocallis hybrida of the Bambery Crismas variety, was conducted for the first time. Comparative results of the quantitative composition of spare and biologically active substances in leaves and rhizomes during the three growing seasons of 2017–2019 were obtained. The dynamics of accumulation of these substances relative to the phenological phases of plant development of the Bambery Crismas variety is established. It is shown that the highest concentrations of pectin in rhizomes are observed in all years of the study in July during the flowering period (5.26–8.66%). In the leaves, high pectin readings were observed in different phenophases of plant development: in 2017 during the growing season (0.95%), in 2018 during the flowering period (1.59%), in 2019 during the fruiting period (1.27%). The maximum value of flavonols in the leaves (2.2%) during the fruiting period of plants was revealed. The content of saponins in the leaves corresponded to 12.96-32.81%, in the rhizomes 7.79–53.26% in different years of seasonal development and phenophase. The concentration of catechins in leaves is 2–10 times greater than in rhizomes. A high content of ascorbic acid in the leaves (104.7–120.2 mg%) was found. It was noted that the accumulation of starch in the underground organs of plants increased by 1.5 times in the pre-winter period compared to the spring-summer period and amounted to 27.8–48.4%. The analysis showed that the sugar content in the leaves differed depending on the growing season, but it was 2-8 times higher compared to the leaves. Indications of secondary metabolites in the organs of Bambery Crismas differ in specificity, depend on the growing seasons and phenological phases of the development of plants of this variety.
CONTENT OF POTASSIUM AND CALCIUM IN PLANTS OF THE MIDDLE MOUNTAIN DAGESTAN
Authors: Semenova Viktoriya Valentinovna , Salikhov Shamil' Kuramagomedovich , Yakhiyaev Magomedpazil Atagishiyevich , Asvarova Tat'yana Azimovna
Published: April 2022

The results of a study on the content of potassium and calcium in plants of the Middle Mountain province of Dagestan are presented. The content of macroelements was determined on «Savant AA Σ» atomic absorption spectrometer. The K content in plants varied from 0.16 to 3.21%, Ca - from 0.02 to 3.47%. The content of mobile forms of elements on the northern slope is slightly higher than on the southern (1.2 times). The coefficient of biogeochemical mobility K ranges from 5 to 100.3, Bx Ca – from 1.2 to 204.1. On the southern slope, K and Ca are most actively absorbed from the herb-cereal phytocenoses Plantago media, Plantago lanceolata, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium medium, Inula britannica, Achillea millefolium, Psephellus daghestanicus, Galium verum, Astragalus onobrychioides, Medicago glutinosa. On the northern slope, K, Ca Astrantia biebersteinii, Inula germanica, Trifolium campestre, Vicia truncatula, Vicia cracca, Betonica macrantha, Origanum vulgare, and Betonica orientalis accumulate most actively. The least accumulation of K and Ca is observed in plants of the Poaceae family. The difference in the content of K and Ca in plants depends on the content of mobile forms of elements in the soil, biological characteristics of plants, and environmental factors.