bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calcaneus height is a key morphological factor of sprint performance in sprinters
Authors: Suga Tadashi , Terada Msafumi , Tanaka Takahiro , Miyake Yuto , Ueno Hiromasa , Otsuka Mitsuo , Nagano Akinori , Isaka Tadao
Published: September 2020

This study examined the relationships between the foot bone morphologies and sprint performance in sprinters. Foot images in 56 male sprinters obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. The relative lengths of the forefoot bones of the big and second toes, which were calculated as total lengths of the forefoot bones for each toe normalized to the foot length, correlated significantly with personal best 100-m sprint time (r =  − 0.293 and − 0.459, both Ps < 0.05). The relative lengths of the rearfoot talus and calcaneus normalized to the foot length also correlated significantly with the sprint performance (r =  − 0.378 and − 0.496, both Ps < 0.05). Furthermore, the relative height of the calcaneus, but not the talus, normalized to body height correlated significantly with sprint performance (r =  − 0.690, P < 0.001). Additionally, the relative calcaneus height correlated significantly with the foot arch height index (r = 0.420, P = 0.001), and the foot arch height index correlated significantly with sprint performance (r =  − 0.517, P < 0.001). These findings suggest that the taller calcaneus may be a key morphological factor for achieving superior sprint performance, potentially via modeling the longer forefoot and rearfoot bones and functional foot morphology in sprinters.
Alternative splicing of MR1 regulates antigen presentation to MAIT cells
Authors: Narayanan Gitanjali A. , Nellore Abhinav , Tran Jessica , Worley Aneta H. , Meermeier Erin W. , Karamooz Elham , Huber Megan E. , Kurapova Regina , Tafesse Fikadu G. , Harriff Melanie J. , Lewinsohn David M.
Published: September 2020

Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells can sense intracellular infection by a broad array of pathogens. These cells are activated upon encountering microbial antigen(s) displayed by MR1 on the surface of an infected cell. Human MR1 undergoes alternative splicing. The full-length isoform, MR1A, can activate MAIT cells, while the function of the isoforms, MR1B and MR1C, are incompletely understood. In this report, we sought to characterize the expression and function of these splice variants. Using a transcriptomic analysis in conjunction with qPCR, we find that that MR1A and MR1B transcripts are widely expressed. However only MR1A can present mycobacterial antigen to MAIT cells. Coexpression of MR1B with MR1A decreases MAIT cell activation following bacterial infection. Additionally, expression of MR1B prior to MR1A lowers total MR1A abundance, suggesting competition between MR1A and MR1B for either ligands or chaperones required for folding and/or trafficking. Finally, we evaluated CD4/CD8 double positive thymocytes expressing surface MR1. Here, we find that relative expression ofMR1A/MR1Btranscript is associated with the prevalence of MR1 + CD4/CD8 cells in the thymus. Our results suggest alternative splicing of MR1 represents a means of regulating MAIT activation in response to microbial ligand(s).
Melt crystallization mechanism analyzed with dimensional reduction of high-dimensional data representing distribution function geometries
Authors: Nada Hiroki
Published: September 2020

Melt crystallization is essential to many industrial processes, including semiconductor, ice, and food manufacturing. Nevertheless, our understanding of the melt crystallization mechanism remains poor. This is because the molecular-scale structures of melts are difficult to clarify experimentally. Computer simulations, such as molecular dynamics (MD), are often used to investigate melt structures. However, the time evolution of the structural order in a melt during crystallization must be analyzed properly. In this study, dimensional reduction (DR), which is an unsupervised machine learning technique, is used to evaluate the time evolution of structural order. The DR is performed for high-dimensional data representing an atom–atom pair distribution function and the distribution function of the angle formed by three nearest neighboring atoms at each period during crystallization, which are obtained by an MD simulation of a supercooled Lennard–Jones melt. The results indicate that crystallization occurs via the following activation processes: nucleation of a crystal with a distorted structure and reconstruction of the crystal to a more stable structure. The time evolution of the local structures during crystallization is also evaluated with this method. The present method can be applied to studies of the mechanism of crystallization from a disordered system for real materials, even for complicated multicomponent materials.
Differential experiences of embodiment between body-powered and myoelectric prosthesis users
Authors: Engdahl Susannah M. , Meehan Sean K. , Gates Deanna H.
Published: September 2020

Prosthesis embodiment, the perception of a prosthesis as part of one’s body, may be an important component of functional recovery for individuals with upper limb absence. This work determined whether embodiment differs between body-powered and myoelectric prosthesis users. In a sample of nine individuals with transradial limb absence, embodiment was quantified using a survey regarding prosthesis ownership and agency. The extent to which the prosthesis affected the body schema, the representation of the body’s dimensions, was assessed using limb length estimation. Because body-powered prostheses offer proprioceptive feedback that myoelectric prostheses do not, it was hypothesized that both measures would reveal stronger embodiment of body-powered prostheses. However, our results did not show differences across the two prosthesis designs. Instead, body schema was influenced by several patient-specific characteristics, including the cause of limb absence (acquired or congenital) and hours of daily prosthesis wear. These results indicate that regular prosthesis wear and embodiment are connected, regardless of the actual prosthesis design. Identifying whether embodiment is a direct consequence of regular prosthesis use would offer insight on how individuals with limb absence could modify their behavior to more fully embody their prosthesis.
Digestive activity and organic compounds of Nezara viridula watery saliva induce defensive soybean seed responses
Authors: Giacometti Romina , Jacobi Vanesa , Kronberg Florencia , Panagos Charalampos , Edison Arthur S. , Zavala Jorge A.
Published: September 2020

The stink bug Nezara viridula is one of the most threatening pests for agriculture in North and South America, and its oral secretion may be responsible for the damage it causes in soybean (Glycine max) crop. The high level of injury to seeds caused by pentatomids is related to their feeding behavior, morphology of mouth parts, and saliva, though information on the specific composition of the oral secretion is scarce. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the biochemical damage produced by herbivory to developing soybean seeds. We measured metabolites and proteins to profile the insect saliva in order to understand the dynamics of soybean-herbivore interactions. We describe the mouth parts of N. viridula and the presence of metabolites, proteins and active enzymes in the watery saliva that could be involved in seed cell wall modification, thus triggering plant defenses against herbivory. We did not detect proteins from bacteria, yeasts, or soybean in the oral secretion after feeding. These results suggest that the digestive activity and organic compounds of watery saliva may elicit a plant self-protection response. This study adds to our understanding of stink bug saliva plasticity and its role in the struggle against soybean defenses.
Hyperspectral evaluation of hepatic oxygenation in a model of total vs. arterial liver ischaemia
Authors: Felli Eric , Al-Taher Mahdi , Collins Toby , Baiocchini Andrea , Felli Emanuele , Barberio Manuel , Ettorre Giuseppe Maria , Mutter Didier , Lindner Veronique , Hostettler Alexandre , Gioux Sylvain , Schuster Catherine , Marescaux Jacques , Diana Michele
Published: September 2020

Liver ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a dreaded pathophysiological complication which may lead to an impaired liver function. The level of oxygen hypoperfusion affects the level of cellular damage during the reperfusion phase. Consequently, intraoperative localisation and quantification of oxygen impairment would help in the early detection of liver ischaemia. To date, there is no real-time, non-invasive, and intraoperative tool which can compute an organ oxygenation map, quantify and discriminate different types of vascular occlusions intraoperatively. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a non-invasive optical methodology which can quantify tissue oxygenation and which has recently been applied to the medical field. A hyperspectral camera detects the relative reflectance of a tissue in the range of 500 to 1000 nm, allowing the quantification of organic compounds such as oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin at different depths. Here, we show the first comparative study of liver oxygenation by means of HSI quantification in a model of total vascular inflow occlusion (VIO) vs. hepatic artery occlusion (HAO), correlating optical properties with capillary lactate and histopathological evaluation. We found that liver HSI could discriminate between VIO and HAO. These results were confirmed via cross-validation of HSI which detected and quantified intestinal congestion in VIO. A significant correlation between the near-infrared spectra and capillary lactate was found (r = − 0.8645, p = 0.0003 VIO, r = − 0.7113, p = 0.0120 HAO). Finally, a statistically significant negative correlation was found between the histology score and the near-infrared parameter index (NIR) (r = − 0.88, p = 0.004). We infer that HSI, by predicting capillary lactates and the histopathological score, would be a suitable non-invasive tool for intraoperative liver perfusion assessment.
Omental macrophages secrete chemokine ligands that promote ovarian cancer colonization of the omentum via CCR1
Authors: Krishnan Venkatesh , Tallapragada Supreeti , Schaar Bruce , Kamat Kalika , Chanana Anita M. , Zhang Yue , Patel Sonia , Parkash Vinita , Rinker-Schaeffer Carrie , Folkins Ann K. , Rankin Erinn B. , Dorigo Oliver
Published: September 2020

The omentum is the most common site of ovarian cancer metastasis. Immune cell clusters called milky spots are found throughout the omentum. It is however unknown if these immune cells contribute to ovarian cancer metastasis. Here we report that omental macrophages promote the migration and colonization of ovarian cancer cells to the omentum through the secretion of chemokine ligands that interact with chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1). We found that depletion of macrophages reduces ovarian cancer colonization of the omentum. RNA-sequencing of macrophages isolated from mouse omentum and mesenteric adipose tissue revealed a specific enrichment of chemokine ligand CCL6 in omental macrophages. CCL6 and the human homolog CCL23 were both necessary and sufficient to promote ovarian cancer migration by activating ERK1/2 and PI3K pathways. Importantly, inhibition of CCR1 reduced ovarian cancer colonization. These findings demonstrate a critical mechanism of omental macrophage induced colonization by ovarian cancer cells via CCR1 signaling.
Cross-diffusion induced patterns for a single-step enzymatic reaction
Authors: Giunta Giovanni , Seyed-Allaei Hamid , Gerland Ulrich
Published: September 2020

Several different enzymes display an apparent diffusion coefficient that increases with the concentration of their substrate. Moreover, their motion becomes directed in substrate gradients. Currently, there are several competing models for these transport dynamics. Here, we use mathematical modeling and numerical simulations to analyze whether the enzymatic reactions can generate a significant feedback from enzyme transport onto the substrate profile. We find that this feedback can generate spontaneous spatial patterns in the enzyme distribution, with just a single-step catalytic reaction. However, patterns are formed only for a subclass of transport models. For such models, nonspecific repulsive interactions between the enzyme and the substrate, or attractive interactions between the enzyme and the product, cause the enzyme to accumulate in regions of low substrate concentration. Reactions then amplify local substrate and product fluctuations, causing enzymes to further accumulate where substrate is low. Experimental analysis of this pattern formation process could discriminate between different transport models.
Modern arsenotrophic microbial mats provide an analogue for life in the anoxic Archean
Authors: Visscher Pieter T. , Gallagher Kimberley L. , Bouton Anthony , Farias Maria E. , Kurth Daniel , Sancho-Tomás Maria , Philippot Pascal , Somogyi Andrea , Medjoubi Kadda , Vennin Emmanuelle , Bourillot Raphaël , Walter Malcolm R. , Burns Brendan P. , Contreras Manuel , Dupraz Christophe
Published: September 2020

The earliest evidence of life captured in lithified microbial mats (microbialites) predates the onset of oxygen production and yet, modern oxygenic mats are often studied as analogs based on their morphological similarity and their sedimentological and biogeochemical context. Despite their structural similarity to fossil microbialites, the presence of oxygen in most modern microbial mats disqualifies them as appropriate models for understanding early Earth conditions. Here we describe the geochemistry, element cycling and lithification potential of microbial mats that thrive under permanently anoxic conditions in arsenic laden, sulfidic waters feeding Laguna La Brava, a hypersaline lake in the Salar de Atacama of northern Chile. We propose that these anoxygenic, arsenosulfidic, phototrophic mats are a link to the Archean because of their distinctive metabolic adaptations to a reducing environment with extreme conditions of high UV, vast temperature fluctuations, and alkaline water inputs from combined meteoric and volcanic origin, reminiscent of early Earth.
Self-doping synthesis of trivalent Ni2O3 as a hole transport layer for high fill factor and efficient inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Elseman Ahmed Mourtada , Luo Lie , Song Qun Liang
Published: September 2020

We present a novel self-doping method to obtain trivalent nickel oxide (Ni2O3) as an HTL, and its excellent optical transmittance and hole extraction efficiencies lead to a PCE of 17.89% and high FF of 82.66%.
The removal of ammonia, arsenic, iron and manganese by biological treatment from a small Iowa drinking water system
Authors: Lytle Darren A. , Williams Daniel , Muhlen Christy , Riddick Eugenia , Pham Maily
Published: September 2020

Although not regulated in United States drinking water, ammonia has the potential to increase chlorine consumption and cause nitrification problems in the distribution system.
Gliadin-coated gold nanoparticles for rapid colorimetric test for celiac disease
Authors: Kaur Anantdeep , Wang Ying , Wallach Michael , Shimoni Olga
Published: September 2020

We developed a genuinely non-invasive option for accurate, cost-effective, and ready for clinical translation test for celiac disease.
Bioinspired self-similar all-dielectric antennas: probing the effect of secondary scattering centres by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Alessandri Ivano , Carletti Luca , Ferroni Matteo , De Angelis Costantino , Vassalini Irene
Published: September 2020

The role of secondary scattering centres in surface light management of self-similar optical antennas is investigated by microRaman spectroscopy.
A water destructible SnS2QD/PVA film based transient multifunctional sensor and machine learning assisted stimulus identification for non-invasive personal care diagnostics
Authors: Bokka Naveen , Selamneni Venkatarao , Sahatiya Parikshit
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate, for the first time, a transient, flexible multifunctional sensor (strain, pressure, and breath) using a water soluble SnS2-QD/PVA film.
High performance complementary WS2 devices with hybrid Gr/Ni contacts
Authors: Khan Muhammad Farooq , Ahmed Faisal , Rehman Shania , Akhtar Imtisal , Rehman Malik Abdul , Shinde Pragati A. , Khan Karim , Kim Deok-kee , Eom Jonghwa , Lipsanen Harri , Sun Zhipei
Published: September 2020

Demonstration of hybrid graphene/Ni contact to WS2 device, which can control/switch the carrier types from n-type to p-type in WS2. We also realized asymmetric Ni and graphene/Ni hybrid contacts to multilayer WS2 devices where we observed the synergistic p–n diode.
Cholesteryl 6-O-acyl-α-glucosides from diverse Helicobacter spp. signal through the C-type lectin receptor Mincle
Authors: Smith Dylan G. M. , Ito Emi , Yamasaki Sho , Williams Spencer J.
Published: September 2020

Stereoselective α-glucosylation of cholesterol enabled synthesis of cholesteryl 6-O-acyl-glucosides from diverse Helicobacter spp. and demonstration that they signal through the innate immune receptor Mincle.
Reply to the comment on “synthesis of cyclic polymers and flaws of the Jacobson-Stockmayer theory” by R. Szymanski
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Weidner Steffen M.
Published: September 2020

In this “Reply” the authors discuss previously published theoretical and experimental results indicating flaws in the Jacobson-Stockmayer theory of reversible polycondensations, with special regard to a pertinent “Comment” of Prof. R. Szymanski.
Organocatalytic synthesis of chiral CF3-containing oxazolidines and 1,2-amino alcohols: asymmetric oxa-1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of trifluoroethylamine-derived azomethine ylides
Authors: Zhu Wen-Run , Su Qiong , Lin Ning , Chen Qing , Zhang Zhen-Wei , Weng Jiang , Lu Gui
Published: September 2020

A series of CF3-containing oxazolidines were constructedviaorganocatalytic asymmetric oxa-1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. These oxazolidines could undergo facile conversion to CF3-containing 1,2-amino alcohols with vicinal stereogenic centers.
The solvothermal synthesis and characterization of quaternary arsenic chalcogenides CsTMAsQ3 (TM = Hg, Cd; Q = S, Se) using Cs+ as a structure directing agent: from 1D anionic chains to 2D anionic layers
Authors: Tian Xin-Yu , Du Cui-Xia , ZhaoRi GeTu , SheLe MuGe , Bao Yongsheng , Baiyin Menghe
Published: September 2020

Presented is a method involving TM–As–Q (TM = Hg, Cd; Q = S, Se) quaternary arsenic chalcogenides and different mixed solvents which has been used to synthesize four new quaternary chalcogenide compounds.
Sequestration of pyridinium herbicides in plants by carboxylated pillararenes possessing different alkyl chains
Authors: Tang Mian , Bian Qiang , Zhang Ying-Ming , Arif Muhammad , Luo Qiong , Men Shuzhen , Liu Yu
Published: September 2020

We report that the sequestration of pyridinium-containing herbicides can be achieved on plant foliage through the strong supramolecular complexation with water-soluble pillararenes.
First-principles investigations on the anisotropic elasticity and thermodynamic properties of U3Si2–Al
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Qin Yanqing , Shi Diwei , Guo Yaolin , Bu Moran , Yan Tao , Song Jiexi , Liu Guoquan , Zhang Yiming , Du Shiyu
Published: September 2020

Three-dimensional Young's modulus diagrams of different structures are used to judge the degree of elastic anisotropy.
Disentangling of complex polymer dynamics under soft nanoscopic confinement
Authors: Kuttich Björn , Hoffmann Ingo , Stühn Bernd
Published: September 2020

PEG confined to the core of a droplet phase microemulsion is located at the water/surfactant interface. Neutron spin echo spectroscopy allows to disentangle polymer from droplet dynamics. Under large confinement sizes accelerated dynamics are found.
Active faceted nanoporous ruthenium for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Mohd Najib Abdillah Sani Bin , Iqbal Muhammad , Zakaria Mohamed Barakat , Shoji Shusaku , Cho Yohei , Peng Xiaobo , Ueda Shigenori , Hashimoto Ayako , Fujita Takeshi , Miyauchi Masahiro , Yamauchi Yusuke , Abe Hideki
Published: September 2020

Nanoporous ruthenium (np-Ru) comprising reaction active facets is synthesized from a ruthenium–cerium (Ru2Ce) alloy precursor.
Atomically ordered intermetallic PdZn coupled with Co nanoparticles as a highly dispersed dual catalyst chemically bonded to N-doped carbon for boosting oxygen reduction reaction performance
Authors: Bao Min , Chen Xinghua , Hu Shiyu , Zhang Linqun , Li Ying , Carraro Carlo , Maboudian Roya , Wei Wei , Zhang Yuanjian , Liu Songqin
Published: September 2020

A catalyst composed of atomically ordered intermetallic PdZn and Co NPs was synthesized and chemically bonded to N-doped carbon by simultaneously modulating the lattice spacing of the Pd NP guest and the metal centers of the ZIF host through a one-step heating procedure.
A general approach for hierarchically porous metal/N/C nanosphere electrocatalysts: nano-confined pyrolysis of in situ-formed amorphous metal–ligand complexes
Authors: Wu Luming , Ni Baoxia , Chen Rui , Sun Pingchuan , Chen Tiehong
Published: September 2020

A general approach was developed for constructing highly nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous metal/N/C nanospheres by nano-confined pyrolysis of in situ-formed amorphous metal–ligand complex.
g-C3N4-based photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting: a review
Authors: Zou Xingyue , Sun Zhuxing , Hu Yun Hang
Published: September 2020

Recent progress in and future perspectives on strategies for improving the intrinsic properties of g-C3N4and the quality of g-C3N4-based film electrodes for highly efficient and stable PEC water splitting.
Effect of main and side chain chlorination on the photovoltaic properties of benzodithiophene-alt-benzotriazole polymers
Authors: Bin Haijun , Angunawela Indunil , Ma Ruijie , Nallapaneni Asritha , Zhu Chenhui , Leenaers Pieter J. , Saes Bart W. H. , Wienk Martijn M. , Yan He , Ade Harald , Janssen René A. J.
Published: September 2020

Introduction of chlorine in the conjugated side chains significantly improves open-circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency, benefiting from a lower HOMO energy level, well-balanced charge transport and superior nanoscale morphology.
Advances and opportunities in development of deformable organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Khau Brian V. , Scholz Audrey D. , Reichmanis Elsa
Published: September 2020

Unlocking deformability in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) is critical for their integration into wearable or implantable electronics, necessitating technological advances at the component and transistor levels.
Combination of aggregation-induced emission and clusterization-triggered emission in mesoporous silica nanoparticles for the construction of an efficient artificial light-harvesting system
Authors: Yan Saisai , Gao Zhinong , Yan Hongyan , Niu Fei , Zhang Zhengqin
Published: September 2020

A highly efficient ALHS was constructed based on the non-covalent assembly of fluorescent MSNs and RB in an aqueous environment.
Extendable topology of step‐up DC–DC converter with continuous input current for renewable energy applications
Authors: Sedaghati Farzad , Azizkandi Mahmoodreza Eskandarpour
Published: September 2020

A single‐switch high boost DC–DC converter is introduced in this work. In the suggested topology, a voltage multiplier cell and three‐winding coupled inductor (CL) are integrated to obtain an ultra‐large conversion ratio. Using a passive clamp circuit and also, no requirement of larger duty cycle values enable the converter to have a very high voltage gain, low conduction loss, and reduced voltage stress of semiconductors. Moreover, the leakage inductance of the CL alleviated diodes reverse recovery problem. Some important merits include ultra‐high voltage gain, operating in low duty cycles, reduced voltage stress of semiconductors, continuous input current, high efficiency, and low turn ratio of the CL makes the introduced converter very suitable for renewable energy applications. Steady‐state analysis and operation principles of the presented topology are expressed completely in the study. Moreover, the theoretical efficiency analysis and design guidelines of the suggested configuration are presented. Also, the superiority of the presented topology over the state‐of‐the‐art similar DC–DC converters is demonstrated in the comparison study. Eventually, the validity of theoretical analysis is verified using experimental measurement results of the implemented prototype with a power rating of 240 W and an output voltage of 440 V.
Two stripped envelope supernovae with circumstellar interaction
Authors: Sollerman J. , Fransson C. , Barbarino C. , Fremling C. , Horesh A. , Kool E. , Schulze S. , Sfaradi I. , Yang S. , Bellm E. C. , Burruss R. , Cunningham V. , De K. , Drake A. J. , Golkhou V. Z. , Green D. A. , Kasliwal M. , Kulkarni S. , Kupfer T. , Laher R. R. , Masci F. J. , Rodriguez H. , Rusholme B. , Williams D. R. A. , Yan L. , Zolkower J.
Published: September 2020

Context. We present observations of SN 2019tsf (ZTF19ackjszs) and SN 2019oys (ZTF19abucwzt). These two stripped envelope (SE) Type Ib supernovae (SNe) suddenly showed a (re-)brightening in their late light curves. We investigate this in the context of circumstellar material (CSM) interaction with previously ejected material, a phenomenon that is unusual among SE SNe.

Aims. We use our follow-up photometry and spectroscopy for these supernovae to demonstrate the presence of CSM interaction, estimate the properties of the CSM, and discuss why the signals are so different for the two objects.

Methods. We present and analyze observational data, consisting of optical light curves and spectra. For SN 2019oys, we also have detections in radio as well as limits from UV and X-rays.

Results. Both light curves show spectacular re-brightening after about 100 days. In the case of SN 2019tsf, the re-brightening is followed by a new period of decline, and the spectra never show signs of narrow emission lines that would indicate CSM interaction. On the contrary, SN 2019oys made a spectral makeover from a Type Ib to a spectrum clearly dominated by CSM interaction at the light curve brightening phase. Deep Keck spectra reveal a plethora of narrow high-ionization lines, including coronal lines, and the radio observations show strong emission.

Conclusions. The rather similar light curve behavior – with a late linear re-brightening – of these two Type Ib SE SNe indicate CSM interaction as the powering source. For SN 2019oys the evidence for a phase where the ejecta hit H-rich material, likely ejected from the progenitor star, is conspicuous. We observe strong narrow lines of H and He, but also a plethora of high-ionization lines, including coronal lines, revealing shock interaction. Spectral simulations of SN 2019oys show two distinct density components, one with density ≳109 cm−3, dominated by somewhat broader, low-ionization lines of H I, He I, Na I, and Ca II, and one with narrow, high-ionization lines at a density ∼106 cm−3. The former is strongly affected by electron scattering, while the latter is unaffected. The evidence for CSM interaction in SN 2019oys is corroborated by detections in radio. On the contrary, for SN 2019tsf, we find little evidence in the spectra for any CSM interaction.
Recent results from the CBELSA/TAPS experiment at ELSA
Authors: Afzal Farah
Published: September 2020

In order to gain a better understanding of the dynamics inside the nucleon and of the non-perturbative regime of QCD, the nucleon excitation spectra and the properties of nucleon resonances are investigated. An essential experimental tool to achieve this goal is the study of different photoproduction reactions. Partial wave analyses are performed in order to obtain information about the contributing resonances. A complete experiment is needed to extract the underlying amplitudes unambiguously, which requires the measurement of carefully chosen single and double polarization observables in addition to the unpolarized cross section. The CBELSA/TAPS experiment in Bonn offers the possibility to measure several polarization observables using a linearly or circularly polarized photon beam and with a longitudinally or transversely polarized target. This contribution gives an overview of recently measured polarization observables in different final states. The impact of the new data is discussed.
Study of baryonic resonances andρmeson production in the reactionpp → ppπ+π-at 3.5 GeV with HADES
Authors: Belounnas Amel
Published: September 2020

The High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) installed at GSI in Darmstadt and de signed to investigate dielectron production in heavy-ion collisions in the range of kinetic beam energies 1-3 A GeV is also an excellent detector for charged hadron detection. We discuss the analysis of thepp → ppπ+π-channel at an incident energy of 3.5 GeV, using results from pp→ppπ0, pp→pnπ+andpp → pKΛ measured at the same energy by HADES. A consistent description of the differential cross sections as a function of the invariant mass and the production angles is achieved by a simple resonance model taking into account the single and the double excitation of baryonic resonances with masses up to 1.9 GeV. The contributions can be quantified and confronted to the inputs of transport models or to the predictions of dedicated models for nucleon-nucleon reactions. In addition, using specific kinematical cuts, the total production cross section and the angular dis tribution of the ρ meson have been also extracted. As both baryon resonances and the ρ meson are important sources of di-electrons, these results will provide valuable constraints for the interpretation of the dielectron spectra measured by the HADES collaboration.
Quark model calculations of transition form factors at high photon virtualities
Authors: Ramalho G.
Published: September 2020

We present calculations of γ*N → N* transition form factors, where N is the nucleon and N* is a nucleon resonance, based on a covariant quark model. Our main focus is at high photon virtualities (large Q2) where the valence quark degrees of freedom dominate the contributions to the transition form factors and helicity amplitudes. In that regime, the quark model estimates can be compared with the available data, particularly with the Jefferson Lab data at intermediate and large momentum transfer (Q2 > 2 GeV2). The main focus is on the Δ(1232)3/2+, N(1440)1/2+, N(1535)1/2- and N(1520)3/2- resonances, but estimates for other higher mass resonances are also discussed.
Two Pion Photo- and Electroproduction with CLAS
Authors: Mokeev Victor I.
Published: September 2020

Exclusiveπ+π-pphoto- and electroproduction data from CLAS have considerably extended the information on the spectrum and structure of nucleon resonances. The data from theπ+π-pandNπchannels have provided results on the electrocouplings of most resonances in the mass region up to 1.8 GeV and at photon virtualities up to 5.0 GeV2. The recent CLAS data onπ+π-pphotoproduction have improved knowledge on the photocouplings of nucleon resonances in the mass range of 1.6 GeV <MN*<2.0 GeV and on their decays to theπΔ andρpfinal hadron states. Analyses of the combinedπ+π-pphoto- and electroproduction data have revealed evidence for the candidate-stateN’(1720)3/2+. The new results on the nucleon resonance spectrum, electroexcitation amplitudes from analysis of the CLASπ+π-pphoto- and electroproduction data, and their impact on the exploration of strong QCD are presented.
From Experimental Data to Pole Parameters in a Model Independent Way (Fixed-t Single-Energy Partial Wave Analysis (SE PWA) and Laurent + Pietarinen Model (L+P) for Pole Extraction)
Authors: Švarc Alfred
Published: September 2020

As it has been shown in the invited talk at the NSTAR-2017 conference [1] it is in principle possible to extract pole parameters directly from experiment with minimal model dependence, and in this contribution one way to achieve it in practice by fixed-t analyticity has been demonstrated. Namely, unconstrained partial- wave amplitudes obtained at discrete energies from fits even to complete sets of independent observables which are required to uniquely reconstruct reaction amplitudes do not vary smoothly with energy, and are in prin ciple non-unique. We have demonstrated that this behavior can be ascribed to the continuum ambiguity. We have applied continuum ambiguity invariance to pseudo-scalar meson photoproduction and showed that for a complete set of pseudo-data the non-uniqueness effect can be removed through a phase rotation generating “up-to-a-phase” unique set of single energy partial wave amplitudes. Now we show that for real data this method does not work, but another approach - fixed-t analyticity solves the problem. We present the final results for theηandπ0-photoproduction [2, 3]. Extracting pole positions from partial wave amplitudes is the next step, and we summarize the essence of the new, Laurent + Pietarinen expansion method applicable for continuous and discrete data. It is based on applying the Laurent decomposition of partial wave amplitude, and expanding the non-resonant background into a power series of a conformal-mapping-generated, quickly converging power series obtaining the simplest analytic function with well-defined partial wave analytic properties which fits the input. Unifying both methods in succession, one constructs a model independent procedure to extract pole parameters directly from experimental data without referring to any theoretical model.
Numerical analysis of thermal stresses and strains of annular finned tube bundle in turbulent flow regime
Authors: Hatami Ali , Payan Samira , Hosseini Mojtaba
Published: September 2020

In this paper, the effect of turbulent flow on the thermal stresses and strains created in an annular finned-tube bundle is studied. The finite volume method and the transition SST model, along with the SIMPLE algorithm, are used to solve the flow equations, and the finite element method is used to solve the thermal stress equations in solid. The results obtained from the effective stress and strain in the annular fins bundle show that despite the temperature difference of less than 1 degree between the base and the edge of the fin, the amount of thermal stresses cannot be ignored and the asymmetric distribution of temperature in the fins leads to the shear stresses which play a key role in determining the maximum position of the effective stresses in some rows. The results show that the amount of effective stress and strain in the third and fourth rows are significantly smaller than the first and second rows. The results also show that the highest amount of the effective stress occurs in the first row and the fin base at zero-degree angle, the value of which is 0.6 MPa. The predominance of the tangential stresses at the fin base in this row is the cause of this issue. However, in the second fins onwards, although the tangential stresses are still higher, the greater asymmetry of the temperature around the fins in these rows leads to comparability of the shear stresses with tangential stresses and creates the maximum effective stress at angles other than zero degree. Therefore, according to the results of this paper, the analysis of the flow around the annular fins is necessary to calculate thermal stress and strains and it determines the vulnerable points in each tube row. It is natural that with increasing temperature difference between the base and the edge of the fin and with increasing fin hight, the importance of these studies increases.
Modified Kudo classification can improve accuracy of virtual chromoendoscopy with FICE in endoscopic surveillance of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Cassinotti Andrea , Fociani Paolo , Duca Piergiorgio , Nebuloni Manuela , Davies Sophia Elizabeth Campbell , Sampietro Gianluca , Buffoli Federico , Corona Alberto , Maconi Giovanni , Ardizzone Sandro
Published: September 2020

Background and study aims Virtual chromoendoscopy with Fuji Intelligent Color Enhancement (FICE) has never been studied in prospective trials of endoscopic surveillance for ulcerative colitis (UC). We compared FICE and white light endoscopy (WLE) in differentiation of visible lesions in UC.

Patients and methods In a prospective parallel study, we compared consecutive outpatients with UC submitted to surveillance colonoscopy with FICE or WLE. At least one visible polypoid or non-polypoid lesion for each patient was required. Random biopsies from normal mucosa, targeted biopsies or removal of suspected neoplastic lesions and targeted biopsies of unsuspected lesions were performed. In the FICE arm, neoplasia was suspected according to a modified Kudo classification (FICE-KUDO/inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]). Sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR) and negative predictive value (NPV) were analyzed.

Results One hundred patients were submitted to FICE (n = 46) or WLE (n = 54). Twenty-two patients (11 in WLE, 11 in FICE) had a least one neoplastic lesion. No neoplasia was found in random biopsies. Among 275 lesions, 17 of 136 by FICE and 27 of 139 by WLE were suspected neoplasia, but 28 (14 in each arm) were true neoplastic lesions. The accuracy of FICE-KUDO/IBD vs WLE (per lesion) was: SE 93 % vs 64 % (P = 0.065), SP 97 % vs 86 % (P = 0.002), positive-LR 28.3 vs 4.5 (P = 0.001), negative-LR 0.07 vs 0.42 (P = 0.092), NPV 99 % vs 96 % (P = 0.083). FICE-KUDO/IBD detected more non-polypoid lesions than WLE (P = 0.016).

Conclusions Targeted biopsies of polypoid and non-polypoid lesions, using the modified Kudo classification with FICE are more accurate than WLE in UC surveillance.
Suture pattern does not influence outcomes of endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty in obese patients
Authors: Espinet-Coll E. , Nebreda-Durán J. , Galvao-Neto M. , Bautista-Altamirano C. , Diaz-Galán P. , Gómez-Valero J. A. , Vila-Lolo C. , Guirola-Puche M. A. , Fernández-Huélamo A. , Bargalló-Carulla D. , Juan-Creix Comamala A.
Published: September 2020

Background and study aims ESG is an effective and safe medium-term procedure for obesity treatment. A variety of suture patterns have been reported. We aimed to compare whether there are differences in efficacy depending on suture pattern used.

Patients and methods Retrospective and comparative review of 5 years of prospectively collected data, including consecutive obese patients undergoing ESG at two collaborative centers. Primary outcomes included weight loss (mainly % total body weight loss [TBWL] and % exces weight loss [EWL]) at 12 months and safety profile. We compared them according to three suture patterns (transverse bilinear [TBp], longitudinal [Lp] and transverse monolinear [TMp]), and number of sutures (4 – 7) and stitches (< 25, 25 to 30 and > 30) applied. Evolution of major obesity-associated morbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), sleep obstructive apnea syndrome, and arthropathy) were also described.

Results 88 patients (mean age 46.1±12.3 years, 69.3 % female) underwent ESG. Mean body mass index (BMI) at baseline was 39.40 ± 4.69 kg/m². At 1 year, %TBWL was 17.36 ± 6.09 % (%EWL 46.41±20.6 %) with TBWL > 10 % in 95.5 % of patients (EWL > 25 % in 94.3 % of patients). According to pattern, there were no differences in %TBWL but there were in %EWL (43.7 ± 20.4 %, 59.8 ± 18.9 % and 45.4 ± 14.9 % in TBp, Lp and TMp patterns, respectively) (P = 0.034). No differences were found related to number of sutures (mean 5.2 ± 0.73, r = 4 – 7) or stitches (mean 27.4 ± 6.50, r = 18 – 50) applied. Forty-three of 72 (59.7 %) major comorbidities were resolved. No serious adverse events were observed with any pattern.

Conclusions ESG is an effective procedure at 12-month follow-up for weight loss and comorbidity resolution. All three analyzed patterns are safe and effective without differences in %TBWL, but there was a slight increase in %EWL in Lp, regardless of the number of sutures or stitches applied.
ESD with double-balloon endoluminal intervention platform versus standard ESD for management of colon polyps
Authors: Ismail Mohamed Saleh , Bahdi Firas , Mercado Michael Oliver , Habazi Randa , Alexander Angel , Prabhu Sahana , John Sharon , Kovvali Chandra , Othman Mohamed O.
Published: September 2020

Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with the double-balloon endoluminal intervention platform (DEIP) is a novel technique for removal of complex colon polyps (> 2 cm) or those located in anatomically difficult positions. DEIP helps create a therapeutic zone with improved visualization and stability, facilitating polyp removal. We aimed to compare the outcomes of DEIP with the conventional cap-assisted ESD (standard ESD) technique for colon polyp resection, in particular, the ability to complete the ESD procedure without resorting to hybrid ESD or piecemeal resection.

Patients and methods This was a retrospective cohort of all patients who underwent colon ESD in a single large tertiary referral center between September 2016 and October 2019. Information was collected on patient demographics and study outcomes including procedure time, rates of en bloc and curative resection, operative and postoperative complications. All patients were followed up for 1 month after the procedure.

Results 111 patients were included in the study (DEIP 60, standard ESD 51). There was no statistically significant difference between mean procedures time (± SD) in the two groups, mean (81.9 ± 35.4 min standard vs. 96.4 ± 42.2 min in DEIP). Mean polyp size (± SD) was similar between the two groups (7.6 ± 6.0 cm2 vs. 6.2 ± 5.5 cm2, P = .2). There were no significant differences in en bloc and curative resection rates or operative and postoperative complications between the two techniques.

Conclusion Procedure time was similar using both techniques. However, DEIP enabled the entire procedure to be performed using the ESD technique without resorting to snare resection, which may affect the en bloc and curative resection rate. There were no significant differences in en bloc and curative resection rates between the two groups, probably due to the small sample size.
Diagnostic yield of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition for small solid pancreatic lesions
Authors: Mie Takafumi , Sasaki Takashi , Kanata Ryo , Furukawa Takaaki , Takeda Tsuyoshi , Kasuga Akiyoshi , Matsuyama Masato , Ozaka Masato , Sasahira Naoki
Published: September 2020

Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition is sometimes required to diagnose small solid pancreatic lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of EUS-guided tissue acquisition for small solid pancreatic lesions and the differences in diagnostic yield among different needles.

Patients and method We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who had undergone EUS-guided tissue acquisition for solid pancreatic lesions less than 2 cm between November 2012 and June 2019. Three types of needles were evaluated in this study: a 22-gauge fine-needle aspiration (FNA) Lancet needle, a 20-gauge fine-needle biopsy (FNB) Menghini needle with a lateral forward bevel, and a 22-gauge FNB Franseen needle. We evaluated the diagnostic yield and safety of the procedure using these needles.

Results We analyzed 160 patients with 163 lesions. The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 92.0 %, 100 %, and 92.6 %, respectively. In the histological plus cytological diagnosis, accuracies of the Lancet, Menghini, and Franseen needles were 92.7 %, 97.0 %, and 85.7 %, respectively (P = 0.10). In the histological diagnosis alone, the negative predictive values (NPVs) of the Lancet, Menghini, and Franseen needles were 13.3 %, 53.3 %, and 27.3 %, respectively (P = 0.08). Adverse events occurred in four cases (2.5 %): one postprocedural bleeding, two cases of pancreatitis, and one pancreatic abscess.

Conclusions EUS-guided tissue acquisition for small solid pancreatic lesions has a high diagnostic yield and safety. This study suggested a difference in the diagnostic yield of each needle for small solid pancreatic lesions.
Análise da inclinação tibial posterior como fator de risco para lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior
Authors: de Sousa Filho Pedro Guilme Teixeira , Marques Andre Cavalcante , Pereira Leonardo Soares , Pigozzo Breno Almeida , Albuquerque Rodrigo Sattamini Pires e
Published: September 2020

Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a relação entre pacientes com lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) por trauma indireto e o aumento da inclinação posterior da tíbia.

Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, realizado por análise de prontuários e radiografias digitais de pacientes, presentes em banco de dados de um hospital terciário de ortopedia e traumatologia. A amostra foi composta por dois grupos, sendo o primeiro formado por pacientes com diagnóstico de lesão do LCA, por trauma indireto, e um grupo controle pareado por idade.

Resultados Cada grupo foi formado por 275 pacientes, cujas medidas de inclinação tibial posterior foram aferidas por 3 especialistas. Observou-se que o grupo dos pacientes com lesão do LCA apresentou slope tibial (em graus) significativamente maior que o grupo controle na amostra total e nas subamostras estratificadas por gênero. Identificou-se como o melhor ponto de corte (cutoff) para o primeiro grupo uma inclinação tibial posterior ≥ 8°, atingindo uma sensibilidade de 63,3% e uma especificidade de 62,5%. O primeiro grupo também apresentou proporção de slope tibial ≥ 8° (63,3%), significativamente maior que o grupo controle (37,5%), com razão de chances de 2,8.

Conclusão Concluiu-se que o aumento da inclinação tibial posterior está associado com um maior risco para lesão do LCA por trauma indireto, principalmente para valores ≥ 8°,
Quadris espásticos da paralisia cerebral – Estudo retrospectivo do salvamento com a cirurgia de McHale
Authors: Yamada Helder Henzo , Amato Neto Dante Galvanese , Malpaga Juliano Mangini Dias , Fucs Patricia Maria de Moraes Barros
Published: September 2020

Objetivo Fazer uma avaliação retrospectiva e transversal quanto à melhora da dor e do posicionamento de todos os pacientes portadores de paralisia cerebral (PC) espástica com deformidade grave no quadril submetidos ao procedimento de McHale em nosso centro. Secundariamente, objetivou-se analisar as possíveis complicações do procedimento.

Métodos Foram analisados todos os pacientes consecutivos tratados no período entre 1995 e 2017. Clinicamente, os pacientes deveriam apresentar dor à mobilização do quadril, dificuldade de posicionamento para se sentar e para os cuidados de higiene, e prontuário médico com dados completos; quanto ao grau de função motora, utilizou-se o Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa (Gross Motor Function Classification System, GMFCS, em inglês). A avaliação radiográfica no período pré-operatório analisou a porcentagem de migração (PM), o tipo de deformidade de acordo com a Escala de Classificação de Quadril na Paralisia Cerebral de Melbourne (Melbourne Cerebral Palsy Hip Classification Scale, MCPHS), e a deformidade da cabeça femoral. No período pós-operatório, analisaram-se a presença de migração proximal do fragmento do fêmur proximal, as alterações e/ou a falha do implante utilizado, e a possível ossificação heterotópica. Consideraram-se como desfechos: D1- satisfatório: remissão da dor, mobilidade indolor, melhora do posicionamento; e D2- insatisfatório: falha no procedimento, que necessitou de reabordagem cirúrgica.

Resultados No total, 47 pacientes (53 quadris) foram tratados. Funcionalmente, quanto à classificação no GMFCS, 43 pacientes eram GMFCS V (91%), 3 pacientes eram GMFCS IV (6%), e 1 paciente era GMFCS III (2%). A média da idade foi de 13 anos e 2 meses. O tempo de seguimento variou de 1 ano a 15 anos e 4 meses, com média de 4 anos e 8 meses. Quanto ao desfecho da cirurgia de McHale, ele foi satifatório (D1) em 36 pacientes (41 quadris), perfazendo 77% dos nossos casos, e insatisfatório (D2) em 11 (23%) casos.

Conclusão A cirurgia de McHale é uma opção no tratamento para os níveis IV e V, mas devemos estar alertas para as possíveis complicações.