bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le rôle du positionnement et de la communication dans l’adoption d’une innovation technologique : le cas de la fibre optique en France
Authors: Fautrero Valérie , Lejealle Catherine , Rayna Thierry
Published: December 2017

Cette recherche porte sur le phénomène complexe de l’adoption d’une innovation technologique et s’intéresse plus particulièrement au cas de la fibre optique (FTTH) en France. Cette technologie bénéficie de caractéristiques très favorables (vitesse notamment) mais ne se diffuse que peu et lentement, contrairement à la technologie plus ancienne, l’ADSL. Afin d’expliquer cet insuccès, une méthodologie en deux temps est mise en œuvre : une étude quantitative menée auprès de 5 % des foyers abonnés à la fibre optique (FTTH) suivie d’une analyse des publicités des opérateurs. Celle-ci permet d’identifier une rupture dans la diffusion de la technologie (gouffre de Moore), due à l’hétérogénéité des profils des utilisateurs. Cet article montre que franchir ce gouffre requiert d’effectuer une segmentation des usages et de faire évoluer les discours en les axant sur les niches d’usages. En conclusion, des recommandations d’actions pour différents acteurs sont émises.
Le souvenir de l’experience vécue en magasin physique. Les apports de l’analyse de réseaux
Authors: Flacandji Michaël
Published: December 2017

Quel souvenir garde-t-on d’une expérience vécue en magasin physique, et comment ce souvenir affecte-il la relation à l’enseigne ? Afin de reconstituer la structuration du souvenir de l’expérience de magasinage, nous avons mené une étude longitudinale auprès de 132 chalands. Par des analyses de réseaux, nous mettons en évidence une structuration du souvenir autour de quatre catégories d’éléments : 1) le magasin et son environnement, 2) les produits, 3) les interactions avec le personnel, 4) l’évaluation de l’expérience. Ainsi, nous montrons que le magasin physique possède une capacité à véhiculer des souvenirs qui lui permet de créer et d’entretenir la relation à l’enseigne.
Vendre à court terme et construire une relation à long terme : les principes d’influence au secours de la vente orientée client
Authors: Julienne Éric , Banikema Annie
Published: December 2017

L’orientation client (OC) caractérise les vendeurs qui veulent satisfaire leurs clients et construire avec eux une relation à long terme. Le vendeur OC est supposé conclure naturellement la vente, dans le prolongement d’une proposition de valeur adaptée aux besoins de son client, sans qu’il ait à utiliser de tactiques fondées sur les principes d’influence (PI). Toutefois, cette recherche prenant appui sur une expérimentation montre une réalité différente : le vendeur OC conclut plus facilement la vente lorsqu’il utilise les PI, et cela ne nuit pas à la qualité de la relation. Il en résulte trois recommandations : 1) la culture de vente devrait s’appuyer sur une charte qui promeut la combinaison de l’OC et des PI ; 2) les vendeurs devraient être formés à utiliser conjointement les PI et l’OC ; 3) tout système de contrôle et de rémunération des vendeurs devrait être équilibré entre contrôle des résultats de vente et contrôle des comportements OC.
Résultats d’une enquête sur les pratiques et attitudes des chercheurs de l’Université Concordia en matière de gestion des données de recherche
Authors: Dennie Danielle , Guindon Alex
Published: December 2017

Selon les résultats d’un sondage et d’une série d’entrevues réalisés auprès de professeurs à l’Université Concordia à Montréal en 2015-2016 pour comprendre les besoins et les attitudes des chercheurs canadiens en matière de gestion des données, la majorité des chercheurs souhaitent mieux gérer, préserver et partager leurs données de recherche et reconnaissent les avantages de ce faire. En revanche, certaines contraintes les en empêchent, tels le manque de mesures incitatives ou de ressources humaines et technologiques, les problèmes associés à la confidentialité ou encore la volonté de garder un certain niveau de contrôle sur l’utilisation des données par autrui.
Phénoménologie politique du voile
Authors: Bentouhami Hourya
Published: December 2017

On entend par phénoménologie politique la manière dont l’ordre des apparences, la réalité même de ce qui est vu, est déterminée par des rapports de pouvoir reposant sur des logiques de race, de sexe et de classe. Mon objet porte sur la constitution du voile et des femmes musulmanes qui le portent, dans les pays occidentaux et tout particulièrement en France, comme un objet « phobogène », qui suscite un dégoût à bout d’oeil. Comment expliquer une telle insistance médiatique et politique à vouloir régler l’ordre d’apparition des femmes voilées ? Ma thèse sera de montrer que la laïcité à la française, dans sa nouvelle version, est fondée sur une théorie des apparences largement déterminée par un imaginaire nationaliste de la différence des sexes, par la réactivation d’un orientalisme sexuel et par l’invisibilisation propre au travail du care auquel les femmes musulmanes sont souvent assignées.
Trouble dans l’identité de genre : le transféminisme et la subversion de l’identité cisgenre
Authors: Baril Alexandre
Published: December 2017

Cet article traite de la sous-représentation des personnes trans spécialistes des enjeux trans, professeur.e.s dans les universités canadiennes, et s’attarde au cas des départements d’études féministes et de genre. La question de recherche est : quelles sont les barrières systémiques empêchant le décentrement du sujet cis-centré du féminisme universitaire francophone canadien et contribuant à l’exclusion des personnes trans ? Cet essai analyse ces obstacles. La première partie démontre la présence d’un cisgenrisme dans l’enseignement et la recherche, créant un plafond de verre pour les personnes trans dans le milieu universitaire. La deuxième étudie l’absence du traitement des enjeux trans dans l’enseignement et la recherche féministe francophone, malgré l’intérêt des étudiant.e.s pour ces enjeux. La troisième partie utilise l’approche transféministe pour troubler la cisgenrenormativité des études féministes et de genre, et les divisions disciplinaires qui marginalisent les personnes trans dans le milieu universitaire.
La spécialisation disciplinaire et professionnelle basée sur le genre en Relations internationales
Authors: Sarson Leah
Published: December 2017

Cet article explore l’aspect genré de la spécialisation disciplinaire et professionnelle en Relations internationales et la façon dont se reproduisent les perceptions des compétences et du savoir. Il se base sur une analyse de discours des participantes ayant assisté à l’atelier canadien de l’organisation Women in International Security (Wiis-Canada) en 2015, ainsi que sur mes propres expériences en tant qu’organisatrice de cet évènement. L’un des thèmes principaux auquel les participantes ont réfléchi est celui de la voix professionnelle : qui l’acquiert, comment elle est encouragée ou entravée et ce qui arrive quand elle est réduite au silence. Tandis que les jeunes chercheurs tentent de concilier leurs approches académiques et leur identité universitaire naissante, une transition professionnelle s’effectue. Sans un dialogue inclusif sur ces modèles de recherche et les méthodes critiques, les progrès ontologiques et épistémologiques qui se réalisent lors d’évènements tels que l’atelierWiis-Canada pourraient s’avérer superficiels.
Profiling soil microbial communities with next-generation sequencing: the influence of DNA kit selection and technician technical expertise
Authors: Soliman Taha , Yang Sung-Yin , Yamazaki Tomoko , Jenke-Kodama Holger
Published: December 2017

Structure and diversity of microbial communities are an important research topic in biology, since microbes play essential roles in the ecology of various environments. Different DNA isolation protocols can lead to data bias and can affect results of next-generation sequencing. To evaluate the impact of protocols for DNA isolation from soil samples and also the influence of individual handling of samples, we compared results obtained by two researchers (R and T) using two different DNA extraction kits: (1) MO BIO PowerSoil®DNA Isolation kit (MO_R and MO_T) and (2) NucleoSpin®Soil kit (MN_R and MN_T). Samples were collected from six different sites on Okinawa Island, Japan. For all sites, differences in the results of microbial composition analyses (bacteria, archaea, fungi, and other eukaryotes), obtained by the two researchers using the two kits, were analyzed. For both researchers, the MN kit gave significantly higher yields of genomic DNA at all sites compared to the MO kit (ANOVA;P < 0.006). In addition, operational taxonomic units for some phyla and classes were missed in some cases: Micrarchaea were detected only in the MN_T and MO_R analyses; the bacterial phylum Armatimonadetes was detected only in MO_R and MO_T; and WIM5 of the phylum Amoebozoa of eukaryotes was found only in the MO_T analysis. Our results suggest the possibility of handling bias; therefore, it is crucial that replicated DNA extraction be performed by at least two technicians for thorough microbial analyses and to obtain accurate estimates of microbial diversity.
CONHECIMENTO TRADICIONAL SOBRE PIRACEMA E DEFESO DA PESCA EM DUAS COMUNIDADES DA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL DA BAIXADA MARANHENSE, BRASIL
Authors: Dantas Janaina Gomes , De Sousa de Oliveira Mota Andrade Ticianne , Fortes Carvalho Neta Raimunda Nonata , Rebelo Torres Junior Audalio
Published: December 2017

O conhecimento tradicional é uma sabedoria popular acumulada pela prática de atividades em ambientes naturais. Pautado nisto, diagnosticou-se a composição da ictiofauna de importância econômica e o período da piracema e do defeso da pesca em dois municípios do Maranhão. Entrevistas semiestruturadas com pescadores artesanais permitiram caracterizar 19 espécies de importância econômica. Bem como, indicaram uma comunidade que tem a pesca como ofício principal e afirma não pescar no período do defeso; e uma comunidade onde a pesca é uma atividade secundária e acontece de forma ininterrupta ao longo do ano. Tais informações são necessárias para subsidiar ações de Educação Ambiental e medidas de manejo que aliem a conservação dos recursos naturais à manutenção das comunidades tradicionais.
CORPO, GÊNERO, SEXUALIDADE, RAÇA E ETNIA NOS CURSOS DE LICENCIATURA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PAMPA
Authors: Damacena Carla Adriane Marcelino , Soares Emerson De Lima , Silva Fabiane Ferreira da
Published: December 2017

Os(as) professores(as) convivem diariamente com situações de preconceito, racismo, homofobia, sexismo entre outras, e muitas vezes acabam por reforçar essas situações. É fundamental a discussão das questões de corpo, gênero, sexualidade, raça e etnia nos cursos de licenciatura. Este trabalho buscou investigar essas questões nos Projetos Pedagógicos dos Cursos de Licenciatura da Universidade Federal do Pampa. Verificamos que o curso de Ciências da Natureza e Educação Física de Uruguaiana, Ciências da Natureza de Dom Pedrito e História de Jaguarão apresentam componentes curriculares que tratam essas questões, contribuindo para a formação de professores(as) aptos(as) para abordarem essas temáticas, bem como para (re)pensarem as práticas existentes na escola.
ENTREVISTA: EDUCAÇÃO E TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS DESAFIOS AO TRABALHO DOCENTE
Authors: Rosa Rosemar , Cecílio Sálua
Published: December 2017

Esta entrevista foi realizada no Instituto Federal de Educação do Triângulo Mineiro, como atividade ligada à disciplina “Cultura Virtual e Subjetividade”, ofertada no Programa de Pós-Graduação Doutorado em Educação da Universidade de Uberaba. Apresenta a “conversa com finalidade” (MINAYO, 2014) com o educador Humberto Estevam sobre o contexto de uma realidade social atravessada pelas tecnologias digitais. A intenção é saber de suas vivências em relação a escola e à vida humana que são transformadas, e acarretam aos profissionais da educação a necessidade de repensar o seu trabalho no contexto da era digital, tendo em vista a compreensão dos novos desafios trazidos ao seu trabalho e ao seu papel na sociedade do século XXI.
Convergent and Concurrent Validity of the Lithuanian Version of the Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale-2 Teacher Rating Scale
Authors: Nordness Philip D. , Lambert Matthew C. , Geležinienė Renata , Kuhn Miriam
Published: December 2017

Given the increasing international calls for more strength-based assessment, there is a need for European schools, mental health programs and family service agencies to identify psychometrically sound instruments in their native languages. The purpose of this study was to examine the convergent and concurrent validity for [?] the Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale-2 Teacher Rating Scale (BERS-2; Epstein, 2004) as translated into Lithuanian by comparing it with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 1997) and the Emotional and Behavioral Screener (EBS; Cullinan & Epstein, 2013). The results showed moderate to large correlations across all of the instruments, which would suggest that the Lithuanian version of the BERS-2 Teacher Rating Scale may be an appropriate strength-based assessment for use in Lithuania.
Aberrant proliferation and differentiation of glycogen storage disease type Ib mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Sim Sang Wan , Park Tae Sub , Kim Sung‐Jo , Park Byung‐Chul , Weinstein David A. , Lee Young Mok , Jun Hyun Sik
Published: December 2017

Glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD‐Ib) is caused by mutations of the glucose‐6‐phosphate transporter (G6PT) and characterized by disrupted glucose homeostasis, neutropenia, and neutrophil dysfunction. To investigate the role of G6PT in human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), the G6PT gene was mutated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and single cell‐derived G6PT−/− hMSCs were established. G6PT−/− hMSCs have significantly increased cell proliferation but impaired adipogenesis and osteogenesis. These phenotypes are associated with two mechanisms: i) metabolic reprogramming in G6PT−/− hMSCs causing a metabolic shift toward glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation and ii) increased cyclooxygenase‐2‐derived prostaglandin E2 secretion in G6PT−/− hMSCs. This study demonstrates that G6PT is essential for proliferation and differentiation of MSCs, providing important insights into the GSD‐Ib phenotypes.
Investigating the Direct Meltwater Effect in Terrestrial Oxygen‐Isotope Paleoclimate Records Using an Isotope‐Enabled Earth System Model
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Liu Zhengyu , Brady Esther C. , Otto‐Bliesner Bette L. , Marcott Shaun A. , Zhang Jiaxu , Wang Xianfeng , Nusbaumer Jesse , Wong Tony E. , Jahn Alexandra , Noone David
Published: December 2017

Variations in terrestrial oxygen‐isotope reconstructions from ice cores and speleothems have been primarily attributed to climatic changes of surface air temperature, precipitation amount, or atmospheric circulation. Here we demonstrate with the fully coupled isotope‐enabled Community Earth System Model an additional process contributing to the oxygen‐isotope variations during glacial meltwater events. This process, termed “the direct meltwater effect,” involves propagating large amounts of isotopically depleted meltwater throughout the hydrological cycle and is independent of climatic changes. We find that the direct meltwater effect can make up 15–35% of the δ18O signals in precipitation over Greenland and eastern Brazil for large freshwater forcings (0.25–0.50 sverdrup (106 m3/s)). Model simulations further demonstrate that the direct meltwater effect increases with the magnitude and duration of the freshwater forcing and is sensitive to both the location and shape of the meltwater. These new modeling results have important implications for past climate interpretations of δ18O.
Basic Principles of Inverse Problems for Optical Scientists
Authors: Anastasio Mark A. , Schoonover Robert W.
Published: December 2017

Modern optical imaging systems are complicated in nature and require solution of a mathematical inverse problem for image formation. In this article, we provide an overview of some basic concepts and mathematical descriptions of linear inverse problems. This includes a review of linear vector spaces, Hilbert spaces, and operators. The singular value decomposition (SVD) is reviewed as a tool to analyze imaging system models. Methods for finding solutions to the inverse problem for discrete systems are subsequently provided, as well as a specific example from differential phase contrast tomography.
Diffractive Optics
Authors: Sokolova Elena
Published: December 2017

An overview of diffractive optics is presented. Various types of diffractive optical elements, principles of their functioning, properties, applications, and fabrication methods are briefly described, starting from the fundamental concepts and definitions. The major advantages and limits of different sorts of elements are mentioned. An important part of this article is devoted to diffractive lenses and recent improvements of their performances.
Homogenous polynomial H∞ filtering for uncertain discrete‐time systems: A descriptor approach
Authors: Zoulagh T. , El Haiek B. , Hmamed A. , El Hajjaji A.
Published: December 2017

This paper focuses on the robust full‐order H∞ filter design for linear discrete‐time systems with polytopic uncertainties. Less conservative robust H∞ filter design procedures are given in terms of linear matrix inequality constraints. By using a descriptor approach, 2 sufficient conditions for the H∞ filter analysis and design are proposed via linear matrix inequalities. The homogenous polynomial parameter‐dependent Lyapunov functions are used for the asymptotic stability analysis of the system error. Finally, to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach, simulation results with comparative studies are used.
Effect of graphene and CNT reinforcement on mechanical and thermomechanical behavior of epoxy—A comparative study
Authors: Bisht Ankita , Dasgupta Kinshuk , Lahiri Debrupa
Published: December 2017

Graphene‐nanoplateles (Gr) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced epoxy based composites were fabricated using ultrasonication, a strong tool for effective dispersion of Gr/CNTs in epoxy. The effect of individual addition of two different nanofillers (Gr and CNT) in epoxy matrix, for a range of nanofiller content (0.1–1 wt %), has been investigated in this study. This study compares mechanical and thermomechanical behavior of Gr and CNT reinforced epoxy. Gr reinforcement offers higher improvement in strength, Young's modulus, and hardness than CNT, at ≤0.2 wt %. However, mode‐I fracture toughness shows different trend. The maximum improvement in fracture toughness observed for epoxy‐Gr composite was 102% (with 0.3 wt % loading of Gr) and the same for epoxy‐CNT composite was 152% (with 0.5 wt % loading of CNT). Thorough microstructural studies are performed to evaluate dispersion, strengthening, and toughening mechanisms, active with different nanofillers. The results obtained from all the studies are thoroughly analyzed to comprehend the effect of nanofillers, individually, on the performance of the composites in structural applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46101.
PMMA@SCNC composite microspheres prepared from pickering emulsion template as curcumin delivery carriers
Authors: Liu Hongxia , Zhou Changbing , Liu Xinyue , Xu Yang , Geng Simin , Chen Yunhua , Wei Chun , Yu Chuanbai
Published: December 2017

We demonstrate a facile route to prepare novel composite microspheres based on Pickering emulsion template stabilized by cellulose nanocrystals prepared from sisal fiber (SCNCs). The oil phase of the Pickering emulsions contains hydrophobic drug curcumin and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Curcumin loaded PMMA composite microspheres coated by SCNCs (Cur‐loaded PMMA@SCNC CMs) were obtained after the evaporation of dichloromethane. The structure and morphology of CMs were characterized by polarized optical microscope (POM), confocal laser scanning microscope, scanning electric microscope, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The stability and release kinetics of curcumin were evaluated based on spectrophotometric measurements. Overall, these results show that Cur‐loaded PMMA@SCNC CMs display long‐term photostability and good encapsulating ability for curcumin. This work offers an effective route of preparing new functional microsphere for the delivery of bioactive compounds. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46127.
Oxymatrine inhibits non–small cell lung cancer via suppression of EGFR signaling pathway
Authors: Li Wei , Yu Xinfang , Tan Shiming , Liu Wenbin , Zhou Li , Liu Haidan
Published: December 2017

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a crucial role in human non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumorigenesis. In this study, oxymatrine was identified as an EGFR signaling pathway inhibitor in NSCLC. Oxymatrine inhibited anchorage‐dependent and independent growth of NSCLC cell lines but had no cytotoxicity in normal lung cells. We found that exposure to oxymatrine not only suppressed the activity of wild‐type EGFR but also inhibited the activation of exon 19 deletion and L858R/T790M mutated EGFR. Flow cytometry analysis suggested that oxymatrine‐induced cell cycle G0/G1 arrest was dependent on EGFR‐Akt signaling. Exogenous overexpression of Myr‐Akt rescued cyclin D1 expression in HCC827 cells. Moreover, oxymatrine prominently suppressed tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Thus, oxymatrine appears to be a novel therapeutic agent for NSCLC treatment.
Finasteride treatment and male breast cancer: a register‐based cohort study in four Nordic countries
Authors: Meijer Mathias , Thygesen Lau Caspar , Green Anders , Emneus Martha , Brasso Klaus , Iversen Peter , Pukkala Eero , Bolin Kristian , Stavem Knut , Ersbøll Annette K.
Published: December 2017

A potential link has been suggested between dispensed finasteride and increased risk of male breast cancer (MBC). Due to the rare occurrence ofMBC, it remains to be established if such a relationship exists. The purpose of this study was to combine nationwide registers in four countries to assess the potential association between dispensed finasteride andMBC. A cohort of all males with dispensed finasteride in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden (1,365,088 person years) was followed up for up to 15 years for breast cancer, and compared to a cohort of males unexposed to finasteride. Individual‐level register data included country, dates of dispensed finasteride,MBCdiagnosis, and death. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated using a generalized linear model with a Poisson distribution. An increased risk ofMBCwas found among finasteride users (IRR = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 1.11–1.88) compared to nonusers. TheIRRincreased to 1.60 (95%CI = 1.20–2.13) when users in Norway and Sweden with short follow‐up time were excluded. The highestIRRwas seen among men with medium duration of dispensed finasteride, medium accumulated consumption of finasteride, and among men with first dispensed finasteride prescription 1–3 years prior to diagnosis. The analyses suggested possible ascertainment bias and did not support a clear relationship between dispensed finasteride andMBC. In conclusion, a significant association between dispensed finasteride andMBCwas identified. However, due to limited data for adjustment of potential confounding and surveillance bias in the present study, further research is needed to confirm these results.
Medical management of gastric cancer: a 2017 update
Authors: Charalampakis Nikolaos , Economopoulou Panagiota , Kotsantis Ioannis , Tolia Maria , Schizas Dimitrios , Liakakos Theodore , Elimova Elena , Ajani Jaffer A. , Psyrri Amanda
Published: December 2017

Gastric cancer remains a considerable health burden throughout the world. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis has recently unveiled 4 genotypes of gastric cancer with data not ready to change treatment strategy yet. A multimodality approach to therapy is the cornerstone of screening, diagnosing, staging, treating and supporting patients with gastric cancer. The evidence‐based approach to localized gastric cancer (>cT1b) is to use an either preoperative or postoperative strategy to maximize the benefit of surgery. The focus of future research is to optimize chemotherapy regimens, determine the role of radiation therapy and investigate the effect of treatment timing. In metastatic gastric cancer, biologic therapies have been introduced targeting markers shown to be prognostic. The results of ongoing randomized controlled phase 3 trials using targeted and immunotherapy agents, either in combination or alone, have the potential to alter the current treatment landscape of advanced gastric cancer.
Vorinostat enhances the anticancer effect of oxaliplatin on hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Liao Bo , Zhang Yingying , Sun Quan , Jiang Ping
Published: December 2017

Oxaliplatin‐based systemic chemotherapy has been proposed to have efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the combination of vorinostat and oxaliplatin for possible synergism in HCC cells. SMMC7721, BEL7402, and HepG2 cells were treated with vorinostat and oxaliplatin. Cytotoxicity assay, tumorigenicity assay in vitro, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis analysis, western blot analysis, animal model study, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR were performed. We found that vorinostat and oxaliplatin inhibited the proliferation of SMMC7721, BEL7402, and HepG2 cells. The combination index (CI) values were all <1, and the dose‐reduction index values were all greater than 1 in the three cell lines, indicating a synergistic effect of combination of the two agents. Coadministration of vorinostat and oxaliplatin induced G2/M phase arrest, triggered caspase‐dependent apoptosis, and decreased tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo. Vorinostat suppressed the expression of BRCA1 induced by oxaliplatin. In conclusion, cotreatment with vorinostat and oxaliplatin exhibited synergism in HCC cells. The combination inhibited cell proliferation and tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Our results predict that a combination of vorinostat and oxaliplatin may be useful in the treatment of advanced HCC.
Covalent Bonding and Charge Shift Bonds: Comment on “The Carbon–Nitrogen Bonds in Ammonium Compounds Are Charge Shift Bonds”
Authors: Frenking Gernot
Published: December 2017

The paper by Gershoni‐Poranne and Chen (R. Gershoni‐Poranne, P. Chen, Chem. Eur. J. 2017, 23, 4659) gives an incorrect definition of covalent bonding. Furthermore, the assignment of so‐called charge shift bonds in ammonium compounds has no physical foundation and is conceptually redundant.
Sulfoxide‐Induced Homochiral Folding of ortho‐Phenylene Ethynylenes (o‐OPEs) by Silver(I) Templating: Structure and Chiroptical Properties
Authors: Resa Sandra , Miguel Delia , Guisán‐Ceinos Santiago , Mazzeo Giuseppe , Choquesillo‐Lazarte Duane , Abbate Sergio , Crovetto Luis , Cárdenas Diego J. , Carreño M. Carmen , Ribagorda María , Longhi Giovanna , Mota Antonio J. , Álvarez de Cienfuegos Luis , Cuerva Juan M.
Published: December 2017

A new family of homochiral silver complexes based on carbophilic interactions with ortho‐phenylene ethynylene (o‐OPE) scaffolds containing up to two silver atoms are described. These compounds represent a unique class of complexes with chirality at the metal. Chiral induction is based on the inclusion of chiral sulfoxides, which allow efficient transfer of chirality to the helically folded o‐OPE, leading to circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)‐ and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD)‐active compounds. In the presence of silver(I) cations, carbophilic interactions dominate, which promote helical structures with a defined helicity. This is one of the very scarce examples of the use of such interactions in the attractive field of abiotic foldamers. The switching event has been extensively studied by using different chiroptical techniques, including circular dichroism, CPL, and VCD, and represents one of the few CPL switches described in the literature.
Oligothienylenevinylene Polarons and Bipolarons Confined between Electron‐Accepting Perchlorotriphenylmethyl Radicals
Authors: Mayorga Burrezo Paula , Franco Carlos , Caballero Rubén , Mas‐Torrent Marta , Langa Fernando , López Navarrete Juan T. , Rovira Concepció , Veciana Jaume , Casado Juan
Published: December 2017

A detailed analysis is undertaken of positively charged species generated on a series of thienylenevinylene (nTV) wires terminally substituted with two perchlorotriphenylmethyl (.PTM) radical acceptor groups, .PTM‐nTV‐PTM. (n=2–7). Motivated by the counterintuitive key role played by holes in the nTV bridges on the operating mechanism of electron transfer in their radical anion mixed‐valence derivatives, a wide combination of experimental and theoretical techniques is used, with the aim of gaining further insights into their structural location. Consequently, contributions of the .PTM units for the stabilization of the radical cations and hole localization, particularly in the case of the shortest molecular wire, are probed. In this sense, the formation of quinoidal ring segments, resulting from the coupling of the unpaired electron of the .PTM radical site with those generated along the nTV chains is found. Additionally, open‐shell dications, described by the recovery of the central aromaticity and two terminal quinoidal segments, assisted by the .PTM units, are detected.
Pentacene Excitons in Strong Electric Fields
Authors: Kuhnke Klaus , Turkowski Volodymyr , Kabakchiev Alexander , Lutz Theresa , Rahman Talat S. , Kern Klaus
Published: December 2017

Electroluminescence spectroscopy of organic semiconductors in the junction of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) provides access to the polarizability of neutral excited states in a well‐characterized molecular geometry. We study the Stark shift of the self‐trapped lowest singlet exciton at 1.6 eV in a pentacene nanocrystal. Combination of density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT) with experiment allows for assignment of the observation to a charge‐transfer (CT) exciton. Its charge separation is perpendicular to the applied field, as the measured polarizability is moderate and the electric field in the STM junction is strong enough to dissociate a CT exciton polarized parallel to the applied field. The calculated electric‐field‐induced anisotropy of the exciton potential energy surface will also be of relevance to photovoltaic applications.
Design‐oriented model for power‐driven design optimization of SC‐ΣΔ modulators
Authors: Boni Andrea , Giuffredi Luca , Pietrini Giorgio , Magnanini Alessandro , Tonelli Matteo
Published: December 2017

A behavioral model for switched‐capacitors sigma‐delta modulators, suitable for power‐driven design, is presented. Because of the oversampling behavior of this kind of analog‐to‐digital converters, transistor‐level simulations are extremely time consuming. Thus, accurate behavioral models are mandatory in the preliminary design steps to cut the development time. However, when the power consumption of the modulator is pushed down to the absolute minimum level, second‐order effects affecting the settling behavior of the switched‐capacitor integrator must be taken into account. Furthermore, by means of an accurate noise model, based on a second‐order transfer function of the amplifier, a global power minimization is achieved, and the optimum partitioning between the switch and op‐amp noise is obtained. In spite of the improved accuracy, the proposed model requires only a few parameters of the amplifier in the integrator. This allows to easily link the model to an external set of circuit equations, to be derived for the specific amplifier used in the modulator. The model was used in the design of a third‐order modulator in an STM 90‐nm technology. The silicon samples exhibit an effective resolution of 15.2‐b with a 500‐Hz output rate, an oversampling ratio of 500, and a Schreier figure‐of‐merit of 162 dB, with a 38‐μW power consumption at 1.2‐V supply.
LINE‐1 retrotransposons in healthy and diseased human brain
Authors: Suarez Nicole A. , Macia Angela , Muotri Alysson R.
Published: December 2017

Long interspersed element‐1 (LINE‐1 or L1) is a transposable element with the ability to self‐mobilize throughout the human genome. The L1 elements found in the human brain is hypothesized to date back 56 million years ago and has survived evolution, currently accounting for 17% of the human genome. L1 retrotransposition has been theorized to contribute to somatic mosaicism. This review focuses on the presence of L1 in the healthy and diseased human brain, such as in autism spectrum disorders. Throughout this exploration, we will discuss the impact L1 has on neurological disorders that can occur throughout the human lifetime. With this, we hope to better understand the complex role of L1 in the human brain development and its implications to human cognition. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 434–455, 2018
RuII–Carbonyl photoCORMs with N,N‐Benzimidazole Bidentate Ligands: Spectroscopic, Lysozyme Binding Affinity, and Biological Activity Evaluation
Authors: Mansour Ahmed M.
Published: December 2017

The photoinduced carbon monoxide releasing properties of pyridylbenzimidazole‐based RuII–carbonyl complexes functionalized with alkylated sulfonate (LSO3H), phthalimide (LPhth), and morpholine (Lmorph) moieties, [RuCl(CO)3LSO3H]Cl (1) and [RuCl2(CO)2L] {where L = LPhth (2) and Lmorph (3)}, are reported. The geometrical stereochemistry and electronic transitions are assigned with the aid of DFT and TDDFT calculations. The compounds are evaluated for potential antimicrobial and cytotoxic active properties [against noncancerous human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293)]. Complex 2 shows interesting antifungal activity towards Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, with a similar MIC value of 24 nm. Metalation of hen egg‐white lysozyme (HEWL), as a biocompatible carrier, is studied in the dark and upon exposure to light. Stable protein adducts, capable of release CO upon illumination, are formed.
Binary Mixtures of Tripalmitoylglycerol (PPP) and 1,3‐Dipalmitoyl‐2‐stearoyl‐sn‐glycerol (PSP): Polymorphism and Kinetic Phase Behavior
Authors: Bhaggan Krishnadath , Smith Kevin W. , Blecker Christophe , Danthine Sabine
Published: December 2017

The kinetic phase behavior and phase transformation paths of tripalmitoylglycerol (PPP) and 1,3‐dipalmitoyl‐2‐stearoyl‐sn‐glycerol (PSP) mixtures are investigated at 10.0 °C min−1 (fast cooling) and 1.0 °C min−1 (slow cooling) cooling rates, and re‐heating at 5.0 and 1.0 °C min−1. Mixtures with 0.1 XPSP increments are studied in terms of polymorphism, crystallization, and melting. At the higher cooling rate, all samples crystallized in the α polymorph, while at the lower cooling rate, samples containing XPSP ≤ 0.3 crystallized in the α polymorph and samples containing XPSP > 0.3 crystallized in the β′ polymorph. During heating, all samples transformed to a more stable β′ form and melted finally in the β form (XPSP ≤ 0.3) or in the β′ form (XPSP > 0.3). Kinetic phase diagrams are determined from the DSC heating thermograms and XRD patterns obtained during cooling and heating and displayed an eutectic behavior with an eutectic point at XPSP = 0.3 irrespective of the rate at which the samples are cooled and re‐heated. The eutectic temperature is independent of the cooling and heating rates used. This study shows that PSP has a strong effect on the physical properties of PPP–PSP mixtures and dominates a large part of the phase behavior of the PPP–PSP binary system. At lower PSP concentration, the mixtures transform to the most stable β form, but at increasing PSP concentration the mixtures stabilize in the β′‐phase which is preferred in many food application because this results in a smooth texture.

Practical Application: The results of this study are useful for the food industry as they can help in understanding the functionality of hard fat‐based structuring agents in end applications and in developing new triacylglycerol‐based crystallization and structuring agent for specific food applications

PPP–PSP mixtures, either cooled or heated at lower or higher rate, all samples display different type of phase behavior: α‐ to β′‐phase development via recrystallization from the melt for mixtures having low PSP concentration, an α‐ to β′‐phase development via solid–solid transformation, a β′2‐ to β′1‐phase development via solid–solid transformation, and a β′‐ to β‐phase development via solid–solid transformation with an apparently typical eutectic behavior, with an eutectic concentration (XE) of about XPSP = 0.3. The eutectic temperature is not affected by the processing conditions applied. In the XPSP ≤ XE side of the phase diagram, the transition is different, being more β stable and is strongly affected by increasing PSP content (XPSP > XE side), which are more β′ stable.
Enzymatically Modified Shea Butter and Palm Kernel Oil as Potential Lipid Drug Delivery Matrices
Authors: Obitte Nicholas C. , Zorn Katja , Oroz‐Guinea Isabel , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Klein Sandra
Published: December 2017

Drug formulations based on lipids can enable a significantly better delivery of a pharmaceutically active substance and thus enhance their bioavailability. However, natural fats and oils usually have properties, which do not allow their direct use for drug delivery. Therefore, we have modified palm kernel oil (PKO) and shea butter (SB) via lipase‐catalyzed transesterification using either glycerol – to create a diglyceride‐enriched lipid – or using hexanoic acid via acidolysis – to alter their fatty acid composition – and hence to improve drug solubility of Celecoxib serving as model compound. The most suitable enzyme was immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (Novozyme TL IM). The solubility of Celecoxib as determined in SB, pharmaceutical grade SB, glycerol‐modified SB, hexanoic acid‐modified SB, PKO, glycerol‐modified PKO, and hexanoic acid‐modified PKO. Incorporation of one or two equivalents of hexanoic acid enabled higher Celecoxib solubilization than the diglyceride rich oil. Although structured SB and PKO (15.8 ± 0.4 mg mL−1) do not differ significantly (p < 0.05) as per the amount of Celecoxib dissolved, the use of the modified oils enhanced Celecoxib solubility in SB (15.5 ± 1.3 mg mL−1) in comparison to shea butter (7.9 ± 0.5 mg mL−1). The lipase‐catalyzed modification also improved the miscibility of the oils with surfactants such as Tween 20 and resulted in reduced droplet sizes (<70 nm at oil/surfactant ratios of 1:2 and 1:1) and reduced polydispersity index values of the resulting emulsions.

Practical Application: The structured triglycerides synthesized in this work on the basis of natural shea butter oils could function as suppository bases and oil phase in oral and parenteral lipid‐based formulations for improving the solubility and absorption of poorly soluble drugs. As various lipases with distinct selectivity are available for the enzymatic synthesis of structured triglycerides and useful for this purpose, further tailor‐designed formations should be accessible.

With the aim of developing novel lipid drug delivery matrices palm kernel oil (PKO) and shea butter (SB) were modified via lipase‐catalyzed transesterification to alter their fatty acid composition and hence to improve drug solubility of the model compound Celecoxib. Incorporation of one or two equivalents of hexanoic acid enabled better Celecoxib solubilization than the diglyceride‐rich oil. Overall, the successful modification process yielded structured lipids with promising miscibility with selected surfactants and potential enhancement of Celecoxib solubility and thus represents a promising approach for the development of novel safe and effective lipid‐based delivery systems.
Efficient caching through stateful SDN in named data networking
Authors: Mahmood A. , Casetti C. , Chiasserini C. F. , Giaccone P. , Härri J.
Published: December 2017

Named data networking (NDN) is an innovative paradigm to provide content‐based services in future networks. As compared with legacy networks, naming of network packets and in‐network caching of content make NDN more feasible for content dissemination. However, the implementation of NDN requires drastic changes to the existing network infrastructure. One feasible approach is to use software‐defined networking (SDN), according to which the control of the network is delegated to a centralized controller, which configures the forwarding data plane. This approach leads to large signaling overhead and large end‐to‐end delays. In order to overcome these issues, we propose to enable NDN using a stateful data plane in the SDN network. In particular, we realize the functionality of an NDN node using a stateful SDN switch attached with a local cache for content storage and use OpenState to implement such an approach. In our solution, no involvement of the controller is required once the OpenState switch has been configured. We benchmark the performance of our solution against the traditional SDN approach considering several relevant metrics. Experimental results highlight the benefits of a stateful approach and of our implementation, which avoids signaling overhead and significantly reduces end‐to‐end delays.
Three depositional models interpreting the Late Ordovician deep‐water gravity flow systems in the Tarim Basin, Western China
Authors: Liu Jingyan , Lin Changsong , Yang Haijun , Schulte Lothar , Song Xiaoyong , Li Hao , Xia Shiqiang
Published: December 2017

The Tarim Basin, located in Western China, is a large sedimentary basin with a long geological evolution history stretching from the Sinian (Ediacaran) to the Neogene period. An enormous deep‐water gravity flow system, up to 3,000–5,000 m in thickness, developed during the Late Ordovician in the central and northern parts of the basin, with the great potential for forming large lithologic‐stratigraphic oil/gas traps. However, the poorly‐understood reservoir condition has caused oil/gas exploration to fall to a standstill. Based on several seismic surveys, well profiles, and outcrop data, this study focuses on sequence‐depositional systems, paleo‐geomorphology, and paleo‐geography of the Late Ordovician reservoir rocks. The goal is to probe into the relationship between different types of deep‐water gravity flow systems and the paleo‐geomorphology, taking the tectonic development into account. Three different depositional models are applied to interpret the deep‐water gravity flow systems preserved in the Upper Ordovician succession. The latter are distributed in the Tabei, Tazhong, and Tadong areas underneath the great deserts, respectively. During the Late Ordovician, the Tazhong area seemed to be a debris‐flow‐dominated setting with shallow, sandy channelized systems controlled by multiple slopes. The Tabei area was a debris‐flow‐dominated setting with few U‐shaped deep incised ditches filled with muddy debris, and the Tadong area a typical submarine turbidite‐dominated fan system in that time. These depositional models also attempt to predict the favourable reservoir sand bodies and lithologic‐stratigraphic oil/gas traps with the Upper Ordovician successions in the subsurface of the Tarim Basin.
Middle Permian Wuhaolai mafic complex in the northern North China Craton: Constraints on the subduction‐related metasomatic mantle and tectonic implication
Authors: Liu Jianchao , Wang Chen , Liu Yang , Zhang Haidong , Ge Jiakun
Published: December 2017

The Wuhaolai mafic complex is situated at the middle part of the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC), Inner Mongolia. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb ages, geochemical, and Sr–Nd isotopic data are presented to confirm the formation age of the complex, the nature of Paleozoic lithospheric mantle, and the tectonic evolution of the northern margin of the NCC. The mafic complex is composed of pyroxenite, gabbro, and diorite, which are derived from the same parental magma. The geochronological results show that this mafic complex was emplaced at 265.9 ± 3.3 Ma. All three different rock types are characterized by calc‐alkaline series with enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs), depletion of high field strength elements (HFSEs) and high rare earth elements (HREEs), and show negative Nb–Ta anomalies. Besides, they exhibit a low (87Sr/86Sr)i(0.7059–0.7065) and high εNd(t)(−13.35 to −8.19) values. These geochemical features also indicate that the parental magma of this complex was derived from an EM I‐like lithospheric mantle, which has undergone subduction‐related metasomatism. Combined with the previous studies on the Late Carboniferous to Late Permian intrusions from the northern margin of the NCC, the Wuhaolai mafic complex belongs to the Within‐Plate Basalt, representing a tectonic setting of continental extension environment, and the final closure time of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean (PAO) should be earlier than the Middle Permian.
Use and limitations of offsite consequence analysis tools from South Korea and the United States in hydrogen fluoride accidental release
Authors: Kim Min-Uk , Byeon Sang-Hoon
Published: December 2017

We investigated the characteristics and limitations in the event of hydrofluoric acid (HF) leakage by comparing and analyzing the offsite consequence analysis (OCA) tools based on the chemical plant operating conditions. We reviewed the tools Korea Offsite Risk Assessment (KORA) from South Korea and Risk Management Plan*Comp (RMP*Comp™) and Areal Location of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) from the United States. The scenario studied was based on a leak event from a 50% HF aqueous solution storage tank, and the operating conditions taken into consideration were the operating temperature and dike installation conditions. The results from the OCA differed; KORA presented a smaller range of offsite impact than did ALOHA. The offsite impact ranges of KORA and ALOHA increased as the operating temperature and dike installation area increased. However, RMP*Comp differed greatly in its offsite impact range results in the operating temperature range of 25 °C to 30 °C. Moreover, in the alternative scenario, a limitation existed in that the offsite impact range was not changed by the dike installation conditions. The offsite impact range analyzed via KORA and ALOHA reflected the reality of an HF leak accident better than that analyzed via RMP*Comp. Therefore, it is more reasonable to use KORA and ALOHA instead of RMP*Comp in OCA. Moreover, users should realize that ALOHA has a somewhat wider range of offsite impact than KORA does in OCA. The separation distance from the storage tank when installing a dike is effective between 1 and 1.5 m in consideration of securing the minimum workspace for workers. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:205–211. © 2017 SETAC

Key Points

Compare and analyze offsite consequence analysis (OCA) tools for environmental management to present characteristics and limitations. It is more reasonable to use Korea Offsite Risk Assessment (KORA) and Areal Location of Hazardous Atmospheres (ALOHA) instead of Risk Management Plan*Comp (RMP*Comp) model in OCA. Users should realize that ALOHA has a somewhat wider range of offsite impact than does KORA in OCA. The separation distance from the storage tank when installing a dike is effective between 1 m and 1.5 m in consideration of securing the minimum workspace for workers.