bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nickel Single Atoms Anchored on Pyridinic N dominated Porous Carbon for Enhanced electrochemical 4‐electron oxygen reduction
Authors: Niu Shanshan , Yang Ji , Qi Haifeng , Qian Lei-Lei , Du Pan , Si Nan , Gu Xiaomin , Jiang Dawei , Feng Yan
Published: February 2025

The four‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is at the heart of key renewable energy technologies including fuel cells and rechargeable metal‐air batteries, but its wide use necessitates the development of efficient yet inexpensive catalysts. In this study, we have engineered single Ni atoms supported on nitrogen‐doped porous carbon with a high content of pyridinic nitrogen (referred to as Ni1‐NC‐G‐NH3). This was accomplished by pyrolyzing a Zn/Ni‐ZIF/glucose composite and subsequently treating it with ammonia. Remarkably, the glucose facilitates the formation of isolated Ni atoms within an ammonia reduction atmosphere. Furthermore, we have attained a substantial nitrogen doping level of up to 13 atomic percent, with a significant enrichment of pyridinic nitrogen, constituting 39.5% of the total nitrogen content. Owing to the synergistic interaction between the pyridinic nitrogen and the Ni‐Nx sites within the ZIF‐derived porous carbon matrix, the Ni1‐NC‐G‐NH3 catalyst demonstrates exceptional ORR catalytic activity and a nearly four‐electron selectivity that rivals the commercial Pt/C catalyst in alkaline environments.
Designed Catalytic Templates for the Universal Synthesis of Metal/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes with Hierarchical Architectures for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Huang Hong , Sun Xiaoyuan , Wang Mingming , Feng Jizheng , Li Xinyi , Wang Zhongfeng , Chen Yanjiao , Lu Wenting , Zhao Xiao
Published: February 2025

Hierarchical nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) with embedded metal species (M/NCNTs) offer broad applications yet are challenging to synthesize controllably. We report a universal one‐step strategy leveraging the designed catalytic templates that catalyze the NCNTs' growth and concurrently direct their assembly into diverse hierarchical architectures. This method applies to various precursors from metal hydroxides to metal‐organic frameworks and metal nanoparticles/carbon, yielding M/NCNTs with morphologies from plates to flowers, spheres, and NCNTs‐grafted dodecahedrons. The Co/NCNTs with hierarchical architecture exhibits superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance with a half‐wave potential of 0.851 V and high durability (negligible decay after 10,000 cycles) in alkaline relative to commercial Pt/C. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis implies that the hierarchical architecture reduces the mass transfer resistance. Consequently, this Co/NCNTs enables the zinc‐air battery with a peak power density of 234.1 mW cm‐2 and a specific capacity of 798.8 mAh g‐1Zn.
Selective Hydrolysis by Engineered Cutinases: Characterization of Aliphatic‐Aromatic Homo and Co‐Polyesters by LC and LC‐MS methods
Authors: Abdelraheem Eman , Tseliou Vasilis , Desport Jessica , Serizawa Masashi , Schürmann Martin , Buijsen Paul , Peters Ron , Gargano Andrea F. G. , Mutti Francesco G.
Published: February 2025

The performance, biodegradability, and recyclability of polymers can be tuned during synthesis by adopting monomers with different chemical characteristics. Recent research has shown the aptness of some hydrolases to depolymerize polyesters under mild conditions compared to chemical approaches. Herein, we engineered a cutinase from Thermobifida cellulosilytica (Tc_Cut2NVWCCG) for improved thermostability (up to 91 °C) and compared it with previously reported leaf‐branch compost cutinase (LCCWCCG) for the hydrolysis of low molar mass substrates, as well as aliphatic and aromatic homo‐ and co‐polyesters. For both enzymes, higher hydrolysis rates were observed for aliphatic compared to aromatic homo‐polyesters. SEC‐MS analysis revealed that the hydrolysis of aliphatic/aromatic co‐polyesters occurred at the aliphatic monomers, significantly reducing the molecular weight and changing the end‐group composition. These results underline the importance of co‐polymer composition in the biodegradation of co‐polymer systems and demonstrate the applicability of enzymes for the analytical characterization of synthetic polymers by selectively reducing their molecular weight. Finally, the discovery and engineering of highly active enzymes that can efficiently hydrolyze a wide variety of synthetic polyesters create new opportunities for their efficient recycling under mild conditions.
So kann Science Outreach gelingen! – Transferprozess zwischen universitärer Forschung und Schulen
Authors: Geuer Lena , Ulber Roland
Published: February 2025

Die Wissenschaft liefert täglich neue Erkenntnisse, die von wesentlicher Bedeutung für gesellschaftsrelevante Themen sind. Diese bleiben oft als „Blackboxen“ für die Gesellschaft verborgen, da die Hintergründe unerklärt bleiben. Fachdidaktische Transferprozesse sollen diese Lücken schließen, indem Bildungsangebote aus der Kooperation von Fachdidaktikern und Fachwissenschaftlern geschaffen werden. Das Lehrgebiet „Bioverfahrenstechnik“ der RPTU Kaiserslautern‐Landau engagiert sich seit 20 Jahren für Science Outreach‐Projekte. Dabei hat sich ein Transferprozess etabliert, der eine Brücke zwischen wissenschaftlicher Forschung und Schule schlägt. Eine Studie zeigt nun, inwiefern immersive digitale Medien wie Augmented Reality (AR) die dafür notwendige didaktische Rekonstruktion der forschungsorientierten Themen unterstützt.
The national Fire and Fire Surrogate study: Effects of fuel treatments in the Western and Eastern United States after 20 years
Authors: Bernal Alexis A. , Stephens Scott L. , Callaham Mac A. , Collins Brandon M. , Crotteau Justin S. , Dickinson Matthew B. , Hagan Donald L. , Hedges Rachelle , Hood Sharon M. , Hutchinson Todd F. , Taylor Melanie K. , Coates T. Adam
Published: February 2025

The national Fire and Fire Surrogate (FFS) study was initiated more than two decades ago with the goal of evaluating the ecological impacts of mechanical treatments and prescribed fire in different ecosystems across the United States. Since then, 4 of the original 12 sites remain active in managing and monitoring the original FFS study which provides a unique opportunity to look at the long‐term effects of these treatments in different regions. These sites include California (Blodgett Forest Research Station), Montana (Lubrecht Experimental Forest), North Carolina (Green River Game Land), and Ohio (Ohio Hills). Although regions differed in ecosystem type (e.g., conifer‐ vs. hardwood‐dominated), the overall goals of the FFS study were to promote desirable, fire‐adapted species, reduce fire hazard, and improve understory diversity. Our study uses multivariate techniques to compare how these desired outcomes were maintained over the last 20 years and discusses whether we would modify the original treatments given what we know now. Our findings indicate that mechanical treatments and prescribed fire can promote desired tree species, mitigate potential fire behavior by reducing fuels and retaining larger‐sized trees, decrease tree mortality, and stimulate regeneration—effects that are still apparent even after 20 years. However, we also found that maintaining desired outcomes was regionally specific with western sites (California and Montana) showing more desirable characteristics under mechanical treatments, while the eastern sites (North Carolina and Ohio) showed more desirable characteristics after prescribed burning. The beneficial effects of treatment were also more apparent in the long term when sites followed up with repeated treatments, which can be adapted to meet new objectives and conditions. These findings highlight the FFS study as an invaluable resource for research and provide evidence for meeting long‐term restoration goals if treatments can be adapted to ecosystem type, be maintained by repeated treatments, and accommodate new goals by adapting treatments to changing conditions.
Evidence for Variation in the Genetic Basis of Sex Determination in Brook Stickleback (Culaea inconstans)
Authors: Pigott Grace C. , Akel Massa Abo , Rogers Malcolm G. Q. , Flanagan Marin E. , Marlette Erica G. , Treaster Matthew J. , Fox Shannon K. , McCann Shaugnessy R. , Peichel Catherine L. , White Michael A. , Jeffries Daniel L. , Mee Jonathan A.
Published: February 2025

The genetic basis of sex determination is typically conserved within species if not within broader lineages. For example, within the stickleback family (Gasterosteidae), AmhY has been identified as a master sex‐determination (MSD) gene in multiple species across two genera. By contrast, the existence of within‐species variability in the genetic basis of sex determination is not frequently observed but provides an opportunity to understand the evolution and turnover of sex determination systems. In this study, we investigated the consistency with which AmhY is involved in sex determination across 610 individuals from five brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) populations. We designed a PCR‐restriction enzyme assay to identify the presence of AmhY in each individual and recorded sexual morphology in each individual in the field at the time of capture. We found that the genetic sex (presence/absence of AmhY) did not match the field‐determined phenotypic sex in up to 44% of individuals within a population. This variation in the genetic basis of sex determination in brook stickleback suggests that the mechanism of sex determination in this species is likely more complex than thought when AmhY was first implicated and may still be evolving. Such within‐species variation provides an opportunity to further investigate how and why transitions in sex‐determination mechanisms occur.
Consumer‐ and seaweed‐specific impacts of invasion‐mediated changes to detrital subsidies on rocky shores
Authors: DeSantiago Ricardo , White Wendi K. , Hyde John R. , Swiney Katherine M. , Long Jeremy D.
Published: February 2025

Detrital subsidies such as leaf litter, animal carcasses, and marine wrack can profoundly shape recipient habitats by influencing resiliency and productivity. Species introductions and climate‐driven range shifts alter the quantity and quality of these subsidies in donor habitats, thereby potentially influencing recipient communities. Such impacts might be particularly important when detrital shifts alter detritivore feeding and performance. Attempts to identify a general theory predicting the consequences of invasive species on detritivores have been challenging, in part because most theories have been based on the study of microbes or consumers of living prey. Further, two recent meta‐analyses disagree about the impacts of invasive plants on detritivore populations. Here, we examined the potential impact of a human‐mediated shift in macroalgal detrital subsidy from native giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) to invasive devilweed (Sargassum horneri) on recipient rocky shores, with an emphasis on exploring species‐specific impacts. We assessed consumer performance on single species diets or on a mixture in no‐choice assays, and we assessed feeding preference in choice assays. Additionally, we examined the impacts of this shift on grazing of native benthic seaweeds by an intertidal consumer assemblage. Replacing native Macrocystis with invasive Sargassum had consumer‐specific impacts on performance—suppressing growth of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) but enhancing growth of black turban snails (Tegula funebralis). The effect of mixed diets on consumer growth also displayed consumer specificity. Also, replacing Macrocystis with invasive Sargassum increased grazing of native benthic seaweeds by a realistic detritivore assemblage, but only on the habitat‐forming brown seaweed, Silvetia compressa. Thus, invasion‐mediated changes in detrital wrack composition had consumer‐ and seaweed‐specific impacts. Such species specificity could underlie disagreements about the impact of species invasions on detritivore populations and could impede our ability to identify a general theory about how species invasions will impact recipient communities via detrital pathways.
Interactive effects of leaf pathogens and plant mycorrhizal type on plant diversity–productivity relationships
Authors: Xi Nianxun , Zhao Yansong , Semchenko Marina
Published: February 2025

Diversity–productivity relationships can differ between forests dominated by different mycorrhizal types and be modulated by specialist and generalist pathogens. However, little is known about how these factors interact to modulate biodiversity effects. We addressed this knowledge gap with a 2‐year experiment combining the manipulation of plant richness (one, two, four, eight species) and mycorrhizal tree type (arbuscular mycorrhizal [AM] tree‐dominated; ecto‐mycorrhizal [ECM] tree‐dominated) with fungicide application for leaf pathogens (added or control). Biodiversity effects were quantified for community productivity and its two components (shoots and roots). We observed nonlinear diversity–productivity relationships, with the productivity of ECM tree‐dominated communities increasing at low to intermediate diversity and declining at the highest species richness. Foliar fungicide application reduced positive complementarity effects and increased productivity in both ECM tree monocultures as well as eight‐species mixtures. This finding suggests that the dilution effects of specialized pathogens may dominate at low diversity, while the spillover effects of generalist pathogens may become dominant at high diversity, resulting in unimodal diversity–productivity relationships. In AM tree‐dominated communities, aboveground productivity strongly increased in response to leaf pathogen suppression in eight‐species mixtures, and the release from leaf pathogens benefited most of the species that were most productive in fungicide‐treated monocultures. This agrees with the prediction that spillover effects of generalist pathogens in diverse plant communities could differentially suppress highly productive species due to the trade‐off between growth and defense. In addition, positive biodiversity effects on root production were significantly stronger in AM tree‐ than ECM tree‐dominated communities. Our results demonstrate that relationships between plant diversity and productivity can be nonlinear due to the combined effects of specialized and generalized plant–fungal interactions, depend on plant mycorrhizal type, and differ between aboveground and belowground compartments.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks‐Based Copper Catalysts for CO2 Electroreduction Toward Multicarbon Products
Authors: Qin Chen , Li Xuheng , Wang Ting , Xu Zhen , Chen Kai‐Jie , Pan Fuping
Published: February 2025

Copper (Cu) is the most promising catalyst for electrochemical CO2‐to‐C2+ conversion, whereas performance remains below practical thresholds due to the high energy barrier of C−C coupling and lack of effective approaches to steer the reaction pathway. Recent advances show that metal‐organic frameworks (MOF) could be a promising platform as support, pre‐catalyst, and co‐catalyst to modify the electronic structure and local reaction environment of Cu catalysts for promoting CO2‐to‐C2+ reduction by virtue of their great tunability over compositions and pore architectures. In this review, we discussed general design principles, catalytic mechanisms, and performance achievements of MOF‐based Cu catalysts, aiming to boost catalyst refinement for steering CO2 reduction pathway to C2+ products. The fundamentals and challenges of CO2‐to‐C2+ reduction are first introduced. Then, we summarized design conceptions of MOF‐based Cu catalysts from three aspects: engineering the electronic properties of Cu, regulating the local reaction environment, and managing site exposure and mass transport. Further, the latest progress of CO2 reduction to C2+ products over MOF‐based Cu catalysts, namely Cu‐based MOF, MOF‐derived Cu, and Cu@MOF hybrid catalysts, are discussed. Finally, future research opportunities and strategies are suggested to innovate the rational design of advanced MOF‐based Cu catalysts for electrifying CO2‐to‐C2+ transformation.
Molecular Dynamics Insights Into the Phase Equilibria and Thermophysical Properties of CO2–H2S–Brine System During Acid Gas Sequestration in Saline Aquifers
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Dehaghani Yasaman , Assareh Mehdi , Feyzi Farzaneh
Published: February 2025

This work represents an extensive molecular dynamics (MDs) simulation study with the microstructural insight at the interface to simultaneously predict the phase equilibria, transport, and interfacial properties of the CO2–H2S–brine system within the range of temperatures 323.15–393.15 K, pressures up to 30 MPa, H2S contents of 0–70 mol%, and salt molalities of 1–4 mol/kg, aiming to address the insufficiency of data under typical conditions of acid gas sequestration. The validation results demonstrate that the average absolute deviations (AAD%) for the predicted solubility of CO2 and H2S in water and in 2 mol/kg NaCl solution were found to be 5.45%, 6.34%, 5.78%, and 5.41%, respectively. Moreover, the AAD% for interfacial tension (IFT) and density were 6.74% and 3.70%, respectively, verifying the validity and performance of the applied force field parameters and computational methods. The simulation results indicated that H2S solubility in brine is more sensitive to changes in the acid gas composition and temperature compared to CO2 solubility. The presence of H2S remarkably reduces the CO2–H2S–brine IFT, with the reduction degree depending on the H2S content. Increasing the H2S mole fraction in acid gas mixtures delays convective mixing by reducing the brine density. At about 64 mol% H2S, the aqueous solution's density equals that of fresh brine, which is the highest H2S content that can maintain the benefit of convective mixing in the dissolution trapping. The maximum acid gas column height that can be safely stored is most significant at lower temperature and H2S content. On the basis of the results, pressure, temperature, and salt molality have a higher influence on the viscosity than density in the studied ranges. The new data generated by the current study can be utilized to develop predictive models of acid gas long‐term behavior, which will reduce the uncertainty of real storage schemes.
Alteration in Cortical Structure Mediating the Impact of Blood Oxygen‐Carrying Capacity on Gross Motor Skills in Infants With Complex Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Wen Xuyun , Xue Pengcheng , Zhu Meijiao , Zhong Jingjing , Yu Wei , Ma Siyu , Liu Yuting , Liu Peng , Jing Bin , Yang Ming , Mo Xuming , Zhang Daoqiang
Published: February 2025

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly, leading to an increased risk of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in many children with CHD. Understanding the neurological mechanisms behind these neurodevelopmental disorders is crucial for implementing early interventions and treatments. In this study, we recruited 83 infants aged 12–26.5 months with complex CHD, along with 86 healthy controls (HCs). We collected multimodal data to explore the abnormal patterns of cerebral cortex development and explored the complex interactions among blood oxygen‐carrying capacity, cortical development, and gross motor skills. We found that, compared to healthy infants, those with complex CHD exhibit significant reductions in cortical surface area development, particularly in the default mode network. Most of these developmentally abnormal brain regions are significantly correlated with the blood oxygen‐carrying capacity and gross motor skills of infants with CHD. Additionally, we further discovered that the blood oxygen‐carrying capacity of infants with CHD can indirectly predict their gross motor skills through cortical structures, with the left middle temporal area and left inferior temporal area showing the greatest mediation effects. This study identified biomarkers for neurodevelopmental disorders and highlighted blood oxygen‐carrying capacity as an indicator of motor development risk, offering new insights for the clinical management CHD.
Front Cover
Authors: Kang Yi‐Fan , Yang Lie , Hu Yi‐Fan , Xu Kai , Cai Lan‐Jun , Hu Bin‐Bin , Lu Xiang
Published: February 2025

The cover image is based on the article Self‐Attention Mechanisms-Based Laryngoscopy Image Classification Technique for Laryngeal Cancer Detection by Xiang Lu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.27999.

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Single‐cell DNA and surface protein characterization of high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis and during treatment
Authors: Aertgeerts Margo , Meyers Sarah , Gielen Olga , Lamote Jochen , Dewaele Barbara , Tajdar Mercedeh , Maertens Johan , De Bie Jolien , De Keersmaecker Kim , Boeckx Nancy , Michaux Lucienne , Uyttebroeck Anne , Demeyer Sofie , Segers Heidi , Cools Jan
Published: February 2025

High hyperdiploid (HeH) B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is the most prevalent subtype of childhood ALL. This leukemia is characterized by trisomies and tetrasomies of specific chromosomes and additional point mutations. Here, we used single‐cell targeted DNA and antibody sequencing to determine the clonal evolution of HeH B‐ALL during development and chemotherapy treatment. Chromosomal copy number changes were mostly stable over all the leukemia cells, while mutations were typically subclonal. Within all 13 cases, at least one RAS mutant (KRAS or NRAS) subclone was detected (range: 1 to 4 subclones with RAS mutations), indicating the importance of RAS signaling in HeH B‐ALL development. NSD2 mutations were detected in 4 out of 13 cases and always in a subclone with RAS signaling mutations. Single‐cell DNA sequencing detected residual leukemia cells during chemotherapy treatment, and analysis of chromosomal copy number changes aided in the accurate detection of these cells. Our single‐cell data demonstrate that chromosomal changes are acquired prior to additional mutations and that RAS signaling mutations are present in all HeH cases, often as subclonal mutations. This single‐cell multi‐omics study enabled us to extensively characterize the genetic and surface protein heterogeneity in patients with HeH B‐ALL.
Enhanced cryogenic thermoelectric cooling of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 by carrier optimization
Authors: Wang Xuemei , Chen Zhiwei , Zhang Shuxian , Zhang Xinyue , Zhou Rui , Li Wen , Luo Jun , Pei Yanzhong
Published: February 2025

As the best‐performing materials for thermoelectric cooling, Bi2Te3‐based alloys have long attracted attention to optimizing the room‐temperature performance of Bi2Te3 for both power generation and refrigeration applications. This focus leads to less emphasis and fewer reports on the cooling capability below room temperature. Given that the optimal carrier concentration (nopt) for maximizing the cooling power is highly temperature dependent, roughly following the relationship nopt∝T3/2, lowering the carrier concentration is essential to improve the cooling capability at cryogenic temperatures. Taking p‐type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 as an example, careful control of doping in this work enables a reduction in carrier concentration to 1.7 × 1019 cm−3 from its optimum at 300 K of 3.4 × 1019 cm−3. This work successfully shifts the temperature at which the thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) peaks down to 315 K, with an average zT as high as 0.8 from 180 to 300 K. Further pairing with commercial n‐type Bi2Te3‐alloys, the cooling device realizes a temperature drop as large as 68 K from 300 K and 24 K from 180 K, demonstrating the extended cooling capability of thermoelectric coolers at cryogenic temperatures.

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Challenge and Support: Scaffolding the Practicing Therapist in DP Supervision
Authors: Husby Vidar M.
Published: February 2025

While consensus on the importance of deliberate practice (DP) in psychotherapy increases, clarification of key elements in DP supervision is yet to be seen. An international collaboration between researchers, authors, supervisors, and therapists has proposed a method for DP supervision and created a training program for DP supervisors. This has led to a six‐step overview model for DP and the DP Supervisor Competency Rating Scale (Vaz, Rousmaniere and Husby, 2023). DP in the context of supervision has concrete steps and requires specific supervisor skills. This article illustrates these with a case study consisting of twelve sessions with a trained DP supervisor and a supervisee that is a seasoned clinical psychologist. Annotated session transcripts provide a step‐by‐step qualitative representation of the collaborative process in identifying client challenge, therapist deficit and actionable learning goals as well as the in‐session behavioral rehearsal. The article presents the DP‐supervision overall trajectory, as well as both supervisee's and supervisor's input on the process. It discusses the importance of integrating conceptual, conditional, and procedural knowledge in therapist development, and claims that the same is true for DP‐supervisor development. Finally, the need for empirical investigation of the proposed key elements in DP supervision is emphasized.
Catalytic activity of g‐C3N4/SA and Ag0–Fe0‐fabricated g‐C3N4/SA composite beads towards dye‐containing wastewater treatment: a comparative study
Authors: Aslam Rimsha , Khan Shanza Rauf , Ali Sarmad , Jamil Saba , Kamal Tahseen , Noreen Saima , Raza Ali , Fatima Maham , Naeem Aiman , Latif Muhammad Jamshed
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Sodium alginate (SA)/carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) composite beads loaded with silver (Ag) and iron (Fe) bimetallic nanoparticles (Ag0–Fe0/g‐C3N4/SA) introduce a new approach in wastewater treatment. Ag0–Fe0 synergy is utilized to enhance reduction efficiency and ensure sustainable water purification. Composite beads of g‐C3N4/SA were prepared and then introduced to a bimetallic solution of Ag and Fe and reduced to their zero valent state (M0) by treating it with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Ag0–Fe0/g‐C3N4/SA was further used for the catalytic reduction of harmful compounds from water.

RESULTS

X‐ray diffraction was used to analyze chemically synthesized composite beads. The high intensity of Ag peaks confirmed that the amount of loaded Ag was higher than Fe. Scanning electron microscopy showed the shape of Ag0–Fe0/g‐C3N4/SA and g‐C3N4/SA composite beads to be rough and granular. Atomic absorption spectroscopy confirmed that the composite beads exhibited higher adsorption capacity for Ag ions as compared to Fe ions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of OH, CN, CO, and CH functional groups in the sample. Catalytic reduction of Erichrome Black T (EBT), Methyl Orange (MO), Rhodamine B (Rh‐B), and Reactive Black 5 (RB‐5) was carried out using Ag0–Fe0/g‐C3N4/SA and g‐C3N4/SA as catalysts. Various parameters such as apparent rate constant (kapp), reduced concentration, percentage reduction, reduced time, and half‐life were also studied to analyze the catalytic activity of both catalysts.

CONCLUSION

Overall, Ag0–Fe0/g‐C3N4/SA showed the highest percentage reduction of 73%, 93%, 94%, and 92% for EBT, MO, Rh‐B, and RB‐5, respectively, and was effectively used for water treatment. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Happy Work, Happy Life? A Replication and Comparison of the Longitudinal Effects Between Job and Life Satisfaction Using Continuous Time Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wiese Christopher W. , Dormann Christian , Vaziri Hoda , Tay Louis , Wille Bart , Chen Job , Moran Lauren H. , Li Yuhua
Published: February 2025

Capturing the evolving journey of workers' well‐being, our research unveils how the intertwined paths of job and life satisfaction shift and shape each other over time. We contribute to the field's understanding of the dynamic interplay between job and life satisfaction by exploring the time‐bound nature of satisfaction, teasing apart the between‐ and within‐person effects, and uncovering the relative strengths of these effects. Our findings (k = 28; N = 161 412) suggest that (1) job and life satisfaction are related to one another over time, (2) life satisfaction has a stronger effect (+32%) on future job satisfaction than the converse, (3) these effects peak around 17.2 months (between‐person effects), and (4) effects peak at shorter intervals of 8.2 months when accounting for unobserved heterogeneity (within‐person effects). In the latter case, the differences between the two effects were still significant, but the dominance of life satisfaction shrank from 32% to 8%. This investigation not only bridges critical gaps but also sets a new precedent for future research on the temporal dynamics of well‐being, promising to transform theoretical perspectives and practical approaches alike.
Comparison of Lateral Resolutions Obtained by Different Methods for Confocal Raman Microscopes
Authors: Itoh Nobuyasu
Published: February 2025

Confocal Raman microscopes are widely used in various applications because they provide physical and chemical information at a submicron scale. A high lateral resolution in the confocal Raman microscope is essential for obtaining high‐quality images. Although several methods have been proposed to evaluate the lateral resolution of Raman microscopes, it is unclear how comparable or different the evaluated results are depending on the methods and samples used. In this study, we examined the grating method using a chromium‐coated patterned three‐bar sample, the straight edge method using the edge of silicon and tungsten in NMIJ CRM 5207‐a, and the narrow line method using carbon nanotubes and fluorescent particles. The lateral resolution evaluated by the patterned three‐bar sample according to ISO 18516:2019 was ~0.7 μm and much worse than that obtained by the other methods (0.30 to 0.41 μm), which was mainly attributed to both the inherent property and structure of the patterned sample used in this study. Although the lateral resolution obtained by the other methods did not show a large difference, each method had advantages and disadvantages including the inherent properties and structures of the samples as well as optical effects. Thus, it is important to decide on the methods and samples depending on the purpose, and the selected methods and samples should include the results and measurement conditions.
On the spaces dual to combinatorial Banach spaces
Authors: Borodulin‐Nadzieja Piotr , Jachimek Sebastian , Pelczar‐Barwacz Anna
Published: February 2025

We present quasi‐Banach spaces which are closely related to the duals of combinatorial Banach spaces. More precisely, for a compact family of finite subsets of we define a quasi‐norm whose Banach envelope is the dual norm for the combinatorial space generated by . Such quasi‐norms seem to be much easier to handle than the dual norms and yet the quasi‐Banach spaces induced by them share many properties with the dual spaces. We show that the quasi‐Banach spaces induced by large families (in the sense of Lopez‐Abad and Todorcevic) are ‐saturated and do not have the Schur property. In particular, this holds for the Schreier families.
On linearization and uniqueness of preduals
Authors: Kruse Karsten
Published: February 2025

We study strong linearizations and the uniqueness of preduals of locally convex Hausdorff spaces of scalar‐valued functions. Strong linearizations are special preduals. A locally convex Hausdorff space of scalar‐valued functions on a nonempty set is said to admit a strong linearization if there are a locally convex Hausdorff space , a map , and a topological isomorphism such that for all . We give sufficient conditions that allow us to lift strong linearizations from the scalar‐valued to the vector‐valued case, covering many previous results on linearizations, and use them to characterize the bornological spaces with (strongly) unique predual in certain classes of locally convex Hausdorff spaces.
Revisiting the Relationship Between CEO Characteristics and Firm Internationalization: Evidence From a Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Cheng Cong , Lin Yawen , Dai Jian
Published: February 2025

This study leverages machine learning (ML) techniques to assess the impact of CEO characteristics on the international performance of firms. Analyzing data from Chinese listed companies between 2008 and 2021, this study evaluates 14 ML algorithms and identifies the random forest model as the most effective. Additionally, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) algorithm is employed for result interpretation and visualization. The findings indicate that most CEO traits can predict a firm's international success. Notably, international experience, age, and CEO duality emerge as the top predictors. Specifically, both international experience and CEO duality positively influence performance, while the CEO's age exhibits a complex, non‐linear relationship with performance. This study provides a nuanced perspective on how CEO characteristics influence a firm's international success.
Advancing neuroprotection and atherosclerosis prevention through familial hypercholesterolemia management: Analyzing comorbidity burden with stroke, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes
Authors: Wang Jingjia , Liu Sicong , Zhang Ming , Meng Xiangbin , Wang Xuliang , Wang Wenyao , Gao Jun , Zheng Jilin , Yang Zhiyun , Wen Jun , Liu Da , Yang Lin , Wei Chen , Zhan Siyan , Gao Pei , Shao Chunli
Published: February 2025

Background

Despite the World Health Organization's prioritization of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), its global diagnostic rate remains critically low, leading to inadequate treatment and control, thereby increasing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the comorbidity burden of FH in China and analyze the differences between familial and general hypercholesterolemia (HC) populations.

Methods

Using a national medical insurance database from 2013 to 2017 including 13,976 patients with FH and 13,976 matched control patients with HC, we utilized case‐control methods to compare the composition ratio, comorbidity rates, medical expenses, and healthcare burden of patients with FH to those of control patients.

Results

The FH population had a higher comorbidity rate of more than one cardiometabolic disease (83.7% [11,697/13,976]) compared to the HC group (70.3% [9279/13,976]; χ² = 250.45, p < 0.0001). The rates of coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, and diabetes were higher in patients with FH (39.2% [5475/13,976], 71.0% [9925/13,976], 14.2% [1982/13,976], and 31.2% [4363/13,976], respectively) compared to those in the HC group (30.4% [4255/13,976], 61.4% [8587/13,976], 11.5% [1601/13,976], and 28.1% [3923/13,976], respectively; all p < 0.0001). In the 40−49 age group, patients with FH had a significantly higher average number of comorbidities compared to control patients with HC (1.2 vs. 0.9; t  = 15.67, p < 0.0001). Notably, the comorbidity count in patients with FH aged 40−49 years even exceeded that in patients with HC aged 50−59 years. Furthermore, the annual per capita medical cost for patients with FH was significantly higher at 5045.5 CNY compared to 4184.7 CNY for patients with HC (t = 12.54, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

With a large number of patients with dyslipidemia, the type and number of comorbidities significantly impact the healthcare burden. FH presents with earlier onset, more comorbidities, and heavier cardiovascular‐related medical burdens than HC. Early identification, intervention, and comprehensive management of comorbidities in the FH population are crucial for neuroprotection and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Microbial Colonization and Associated Factors in Indwelling Urinary Catheters: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Durukan Melike , Akbıyık Ayşe , Kaya Selçuk , Aksun Murat
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to determine microbial colonization in indwelling urinary catheters (UCs) and identify patient‐specific risk factors associated with this colonization. This cross‐sectional study involved 61 hospitalized intensive care unit patients with indwelling UCs. Bacterial colonization and susceptibility were assessed in the indwelling UCs from the second day onwards following urinary catheterization. The average duration of catheterization was 13.62 ± 13.72 days. Colonization of 10⁵ CFU/mL and above was determined in all indwelling UCs from the second day of catheterization onwards. The catheter was colonized by the following microorganism species: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. 47.9% of clinical isolates showed multi‐drug resistance (MDR). Clinical isolates did not show significant differences based on patient variables such as age, Body Mass Index, and duration of urinary catheterization (p > 0.05). There was a weak correlation (rs:≤ 0.206; p > 0.05) between the species of clinical isolates and patient laboratory variables. Colonization was determined in all indwelling UCs, with nearly half of isolates exhibiting MDR. These findings highlight the urgent need for improved strategies to manage and prevent catheter‐associated infections, particularly in high‐risk patient populations.
Vincristine Sulfate Liposome Injection with Combination Chemotherapy for Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Therapeutic Advances in Childhood Leukemia and Lymphoma Consortium Trial
Authors: Shah Nirali N. , Schafer Eric S. , Chi Yueh‐Yun , Malvar Jemily , Heym Kenneth M. , Place Andrew E. , Burns Melissa , Chang Bill H. , Slone Tamra , Verma Anupam , Gossai Nathan , Shaw Peter H. , Burke Michael J. , Hermiston Michelle , Schore Reuven J. , Cooper Todd , Pauly Melinda , Rushing Teresa , Jarosinski Paul , Florendo Ellynore , Yates Bonnie , Widemann Brigitte C. , Peer Cody J. , Figg William D. , Silverman Lewis B. , Bhojwani Deepa , Wayne Alan S.
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION

Vincristine sulfate liposome injection (VSLI), a liposomal formulation of vincristine, may be better tolerated than standard aqueous vincristine and enable dose intensification.

PROCEDURES

Based on single‐agent tolerability, activity, and FDA approval in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), we tested the safety and feasibility of VSLI as replacement for standard vincristine in the UK ALL R3 mitoxantrone‐based four‐drug induction (Cohort A), a three‐drug anthracycline‐free induction (Cohort B), and maintenance chemotherapy (Cohort C) in children and young adults with relapsed/refractory B‐cell ALL.

RESULTS

Among 29 participants with a median age of 12.4 years (range: 1.8–19.6 years), 16 received Cohort A, eight received Cohort B, and five received Cohort C therapy. Dose level 1 (DL1): 1.5 mg/m2 and dose level 2 (DL2): 2 mg/m2 of VSLI, each without a dose cap, were tested. Collectively, the median VSLI dose administered was 1.9 mg (range: 0.71–4.06 mg), and 13 (44.8%) received a dose above the standard 2 mg vincristine dose cap. Dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs) at DL2 were seen in three patients, two in Cohort A and one in Cohort B, prompting further evaluation at DL1 for both cohorts. No DLTs were experienced at DL1. Only DL2 was tested in Cohort C—without DLT. Complete remissions were seen in 14 of 16 (87.5%) participants in Cohort A; three of eight (37.5%) in Cohort B; and one (20%) in Cohort C. VSLI with combination chemotherapy at DL1 was generally well tolerated.

CONCLUSION

Based on the promising response signal in this heavily pretreated population, further study of VSLI is warranted. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02879643)
Investigation of the transient fracture behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer fibers in ultrasonic‐assisted machining
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Hu Ruizhi , Luo Runxian , Zhao Bo
Published: February 2025

With the wide application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), machining‐induced damage has received increasing attention. Due to the anisotropy of the fibers, the fiber fracture mode directly affects the performance of CFRP parts. Surface quality is closely related to the fiber fracture mode. This paper focuses on analyzing the fracture modes of CFRP fibers under ultrasonic‐assisted machining (UAM). By conducting conventional machining (CM) and UAM experiments, combining scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, the relationships between cutting forces, surface roughness, fiber orientation, and fracture modes are analyzed. Compared to CM, UAM reduced cutting forces by 22%–63%, surface quality was improved by 36%, fibers predominantly fractured in a shear mode, and the fiber orientation effect was reduced by 42.4%. As cutting speed increased, cutting forces were reduced by 29.2%; however, excessively high speeds resulted in increased surface roughness and a greater fiber orientation effect. Increased ultrasonic amplitude led to 31.8% increase in cutting forces, 59.5% improvement in surface quality, and 67.5% reduction in the fiber orientation effect. Decomposing Acoustic emission (AE) signals using wavelet packet. The frequency bands for bending fracture and shear fracture were found to be 75–200 kHz and 375–475 kHz respectively. Moreover, the energy distribution in these frequency bands under different machining methods was analyzed to judge the fiber fracture behavior of CFRP. This research provides data support for optimizing the precision machining process of CFRP and enriches the AE database on fiber fracture modes, contributing to the improvement of accuracy and efficiency in non‐destructive testing techniques.

Highlights

Study of the connection between force, AE, roughness and fiber fracture behavior.

UAM improves the percentage of fiber shear fracture.

Characteristic frequency ranges of different fiber fracture modes have been determined.

UAM inhibits the orientation effect of fibrous fibers.

Cutting force and roughness exhibit two cycles within fiber direction ranging from 0 to 360°.
Self‐healing and shape memory functions in elastomers: Recent advances and future prospectives
Authors: Sarkar Srinmay , S. Aiswarya , Salaeh Subhan , Hirschberg Valerian , Banerjee Shib Shankar
Published: February 2025

Shape memory‐assisted self‐healing behavior can be identified by their ability to deform and recover shape under external stimuli and applied force complemented by spontaneous repairing of damages, extending the materials' performance and service life. This review article aims to provide new ideas to develop self‐healing and shape memory functions in elastomeric materials using different dynamic reversible crosslinking methods such as dynamic non‐covalent and covalent interactions. The thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives of self‐healing and shape memory behavior in elastomers are highlighted. The recent development of shape memory‐assisted self‐healing elastomeric materials with enlightening the quantification approach of self‐healing and shape memory effect is provided. Finally, future prospectives of self‐healing and shape memory elastomers are critically discussed to stimulate the potential research in this area.

Highlights

The self‐healing and shape memory effect in elastomers are explored.

The possible dynamic interactions in elastomers are presented.

Thermodynamics and kinetics of self‐healing and shape memory in elastomers are highlighted.
Thermally stable CuO@ZIF‐8 nanomaterials for melt spinning to achieve efficient and persistent antibacterial polyester fibers
Authors: Lin Bokun , Cheng Feiyang , Yun Fucheng , Wei Mengting , Li Yuanyuan , Shi Chen , Han Jian
Published: February 2025

Antibacterial fabrics have garnered significant attention due to bacterial infection‐related public safety problems. However, the challenge of creating textiles with efficient and durable antibacterial properties remains significant. In this study, an eco‐friendly calcination technique was applied to synthesize a nanostructured CuO@ZIF‐8 antibacterial agent. The resulting material exhibits both efficient and durable antibacterial performance. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was used as the fiber matrix, and PET/CuO@ZIF‐8 fibers were produced using melt spinning technology. The results indicate that the antibacterial material is well dispersed within the PET matrix, which promotes crystallization during the cooling process. With a 99.9% maximum bactericidal rate against E. coli and S. aureus, the altered polyester fibers demonstrated strong antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the modified polyester fibers exhibited excellent wash resistance, maintaining antibacterial rates of 93.7% against S. aureus and 92.6% against E. coli after 50 washes. This work presents a fresh method for producing efficient and durable antibacterial polyester fibers.

Highlights

Eco‐friendly calcination synthesizes CuO@ZIF‐8 antibacterial agent.

PET fibers incorporated with CuO@ZIF‐8 via melt spinning technology.

Antibacterial material well‐dispersed in PET, promoting crystallization.

The PET fibers exhibit efficient and durable antibacterial performance.
A Promoter Collection for Cell‐Targeted Analysis Within the Stomatal Complex
Authors: Nguyen Thanh‐Hao , Krasauskas Jovaras , Nguyen Thu Binh‐Anh , Noureen Azka , Smedley Mark , Christie John M. , Harwood Wendy , Blatt Michael R. , Hundleby Penny
Published: February 2025

Stomatal aperture is driven by changes in turgor of the guard cells that surround the stomatal pore. Epidermal cells immediately surrounding the guard cells are thought to contribute to the kinetics of aperture changes through changes in their turgor that opposes the guard cells and thought their putative roles in solute storage for use by the guard cells. Nonetheless, our knowledge remains fragmentary of surrounding cell mechanics, in large part because the tools and strategies needed to target the surrounding cells independent of the guard cells are limited. Here, we have analyzed sets of promoters for Arabidopsis, Brassica, and barley that will allow physiological studies of the roles of epidermal cells and also surrounding cells in the case of barley in stomatal behavior. These tissue‐specific promoters offer distinct advantages over widely used, constitutive promoters by enabling precise and targeted gene expression within guard cells and the adjacent epidermal cells. As genetic tools, the promoters will have applications in strategies centered on physiological analyses and differential comparisons following expression targeted between the guard cells and the foliar epidermis as a whole. As such, they are well suited to questions around the mechanics of solute and water flux that will advance an understanding of the stomatal complex in these model species.
LeafDNet: Transforming Leaf Disease Diagnosis Through Deep Transfer Learning
Authors: Sultan Tofayet , Chowdhury Mohammad Sayem , Jahan Nusrat , Mridha M. F. , Alfarhood Sultan , Safran Mejdl , Che Dunren
Published: February 2025

The health and productivity of plants, particularly those in agricultural and horticultural industries, are significantly affected by timely and accurate disease detection. Traditional manual inspection methods are labor‐intensive, subjective, and often inaccurate, failing to meet the precision required by modern agricultural practices. This research introduces an innovative deep transfer learning method utilizing an advanced version of the Xception architecture, specifically designed for identifying plant diseases in roses, mangoes, and tomatoes. The proposed model introduces additional convolutional layers following the base Xception architecture, combined with multiple trainable dense layers, incorporating advanced regularization and dropout techniques to optimize feature extraction and classification. This architectural enhancement enables the model to capture complex, subtle patterns within plant leaf images, contributing to more robust disease identification. A comprehensive dataset comprising 5491 images across four distinct disease categories was employed for the training, validation, and testing of the model. The experimental results showcased outstanding performance, achieving 98% accuracy, 99% precision, 98% recall, and a 98% F1‐score. The model outperformed traditional techniques as well as other deep learning‐based methods. These results emphasize the potential of this advanced deep learning framework as a scalable, efficient, and highly accurate solution for early plant disease detection, providing substantial benefits for plant health management and supporting sustainable agricultural practices.