bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO DE GRUPOS DE EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE PARA PESSOAS COM DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS
Authors: Mendonça Fernanda de Freitas , Nunes Elisabete de Fátima Polo de Almeida
Published: May 2015

O objetivo do estudo foi caracteriza os grupos de educação em saúde realizados para hipertensos e diabéticos de Campo Mourão, no Paraná. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo realizado com 121 profissionais vinculados à Estratégia Saúde da Família. Utilizou-se um formulário com variáveis de caracterização e de avaliação, como a realização de grupos com a comunidade, os assuntos discutidos, os profissionais participantes, sugestões e dificuldades. Os resultados revelaram que 70% das unidades oferecem grupos de educação em saúde, contudo estão focados em temas curativistas. Os profissionais que se mostraram mais envolvidos foram os agentes comunitários de saúde e os enfermeiros. Apesar de os grupos apresentarem uma configuração que necessita de mudanças para melhor promover a educação em saúde, foram poucos os profissionais que reconheceram a importância de se promoverem alterações nos grupos. É fundamental que os profissionais da equipe de saúde da família sejam capacitados para perceberem que o processo de educação em saúde não se limita à transferência de informações, mas inclui a construção compartilhada de saberes entre o usuário e o profissional de saúde.
Geoturismo: uma proposta de turismo sustentável e conservacionista para a Região Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Moura-Fé Marcelo Martins
Published: May 2015

O geoturismo se apresenta como um segmento promissor da atividade turística, relacionado ao ecoturismo, com características específicas e essenciais à conservação da geodiversidade, em consonância com diversos preceitos exigidos para o desenvolvimento econômico local das comunidades. O objetivo desse estudo é analisar o geoturismo e seus preceitos fundamentais e aplicáveis para o desenvolvimento do turismo sustentável e de caráter conservacionista na região Nordeste do Brasil, contemplando as dimensões estratégicas dessa atividade a curto, médio e longo prazos - a interpretação da paisagem e o fomento à educação ambiental; bem como, exemplos potenciais e efetivos de sua implementação existentes na região Nordeste. O geoturismo, junto com os demais ramos do turismo sustentável, aparece como uma real alternativa para o desenvolvimento da região Nordeste e para a melhoria das condições de vida das populações locais, desde que sua implementação se dê sob condições de esforços e investimentos. Além disso, uma outra política de desenvolvimento do turismo é necessária, uma atividade para além do litoral nordestino, fomentando o desenvolvimento de regiões do interior dos estados, nas zonas rurais dos municípios, contribuindo para uma maior integração regional.
Práticas sociais e simbólicas: comunidade de pescadores e unidade de conservação em Baía Formosa/RN
Authors: Govindin Julienne Louise dos Santos , Miller Francisca de Souza
Published: May 2015

As unidades de conservação surgiram em resposta aos danos ambientais. Na Mata Atlântica do Nordeste brasileiro, os maiores danos são oriundos da agroindústria canavieira, sobretudo através do desmatamento para introdução dos canaviais e instalação do aparato industrial. Além dos danos na biodiversidade, há também sérios problemas sociais que afetam as comunidades que sobrevivem direta ou indiretamente do bioma da Mata Atlântica. Esse artigo possui como objetivo identificar os recursos naturais e seus usos por uma comunidade de pesca do município de Baía Formosa/RN, e analisar suas práticas sociais e simbólicas reproduzidas na unidade de conservação Mata Estrela, antes e depois de sua criação e da instalação de uma usina sucroalcooleira. Para tanto, fez-se uso da abordagem etnográfica, da pesquisa bibliográfica e da história oral. As práticas sociais e simbólicas na Mata Estrela no passado se apresentavam mais fortemente. As frutas, madeiras, plantas medicinais e animais eram utilizados pela comunidade para a subsistência e comércio. As práticas sociais eram a agricultura, extrativismo e o lazer. As práticas simbólicas eram as lendas, o cemitério antigo e o santuário da Santa Cruz das Areias.
Imagens de uma Nova Economia Identitária dos Corpos Grávidos
Authors: Schwengber Maria Simone Vione , Rohr Denise Raquel
Published: May 2015

A ideia orientadora deste artigo é a de que as imagens criam representações relativas às feminilidades, introduzindo uma nova economia identitária dos corpos grávidos. Investigamos a produção discursiva das identidades maternas divulgadas na revista brasileira Pais e Filhos. Como ferramenta teórico-metodológica, fizemos uso dos conceitos de análise de discurso de Michel Foucault. Selecionamos as imagens, observando os movimentos históricos em circulação, que exprimem, mediante transformações do lugar das práticas corporais e esportivas, a intervenção nos corpos, afirmando posições identitárias - a da mãe esportiva, delicada, moderada, equilibrada, forte, firme, preparada, sensual, limpa, sem manchas.
El Modelo de Escuela Rural ¿Es un Modelo Transferible a Otro Tipo de Escuela?
Authors: Abós Olivares Pilar
Published: May 2015

El trabajo presenta el diseño y los primeros datos de la investigación realizada en el marco de un Proyecto I+D+I1 del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación español y en el que han participado diferentes universidades europeas y latinoamericanas2 y que pretendía abrir vías de reflexión y diseñar propuestas sobre la adquisición de competencias en la escuela rural y cómo estas competencias trabajadas en el marco de una metodología participativa-activa, con una gran atención a la diversidad cultural y también social, puede tener componentes didácticos y organizativos transferibles a las escuelas ordinarias.
Felismina e libertina vão à escola: notas sobre a escolarização nas freguesias de Santa Rita e Santana (Rio de Janeiro, 1888-1906)
Authors: Schueler Alessandra Frota Martinez de , Rizzini Irma , Marques Jucinato de Sequeira
Published: May 2015

Neste artigo se analisa as possibilidades, tensões e limites da escolarização na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, no período da abolição e no pós-abolição (1888-1906). A pesquisa incide sobre regiões de alta densidade demográfica, com índices crescentes de matrículas nas escolas públicas. Pensar o contexto do pós-abolição no âmbito da história da educação visa a compreender como os projetos nacionais e locais direcionados à instrução popular interagiam com expectativas e ações de libertos e livres, em diálogo com os estudos historiográficos concernentes às lutas dessa população pelo acesso à educação.
O trato da gymnastica nas revistas médicas do Rio de Janeiro da primeira metade do século 19
Authors: Peres Fabio de Faria , Melo Victor Andrade de
Published: May 2015

No decorrer do século 19 a ginástica foi discutida, reconhecida como importante tema e difundida por instituições que se atribuíam o domínio do saber médico. Interessa-nos abordar sobre essas articulações entre os conhecimentos e práticas médicas e a ginástica, buscando compreender como esse olhar específico adquiriu legitimidade, constituindo um entendimento que se manifestou na introdução da prática nas escolas brasileiras. Tendo em vista esse intuito, discute-se os posicionamentos sobre a ginástica publicados em três periódicos médicos editados na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, na primeira metade do século 19: Semanário de Saúde Pública, Revista Médica Fluminense eRevista Médica Brasileira.
Josep Goday e o mobiliário escolar espanhol na primeira metade do século 20
Authors: Sá Jauri dos Santos
Published: May 2015

Neste artigo estão sistematizadas reflexões sobre a história do mobiliário escolar espanhol, com foco nas propostas do arquiteto Josep Goday i Casals. Inserido no campo de estudo do patrimônio educativo, busca-se enxergar o mobiliário escolar como autêntica fonte de investigação da cultura material escolar. A base metodológica da análise situa-se no campo da pesquisa exploratória e o procedimento assume a forma de pesquisa bibliográfica. A coleta de dados realizou-se no acervo do Centro de Educação Infantil e Primária Ramon Llull e na obra Josep Goday Casals: arquitectura escolar a Barcelona de la Mancomunitat a la república (2008). Nas conclusões, enfatiza-se o papel desempenhado pelo arquiteto como protagonista na configuração de um mobiliário que procura dignificar a sala aula para além dos aspectos arquitetônicos e estéticos.
Conhecimentos especializados sobre os problemas de rendimento escolar: um estudo de manuais de psicologia e da Revista de Educação
Authors: Lima Ana Laura Godinho , Viviani Luciana Maria
Published: May 2015

Neste trabalho efetua-se uma caracterização dos discursos da pedagogia e da psicologia sobre os problemas de rendimento escolar. A análise incide sobre o período de estruturação do sistema público de ensino e de difusão dos princípios da Escola Nova. São analisados artigos da Revista de Educação, também denominada Educação e Escola Nova, e manuais de psicologia educacional destinados à formação docente, publicados nas décadas de 1930 e 1940. A análise baseia-se em textos de Michel Foucault e Dominique Maingueneau sobre o discurso. O exame dos enunciados da psicologia e da educação indica que a melhoria do rendimento escolar era relacionada à possibilidade de produzir conhecimentos científicos sobre o aluno e controlar, rigorosamente, a organização do trabalho escolar, em especial as atividades docentes.
Pela organização da escola e do ensino:o self-government de António Sérgio
Authors: Carvalho Maria João de , Brás José Viegas , Gonçalves Maria Neves
Published: May 2015

Compreender a educação passa, inevitavelmente, por pensarmos todos aqueles que contribuíram para a renovação das práticas pedagógicas. Conhecer cada um dos protagonistas é compreender toda a educação a partir dos obstáculos que cada um teve que ultrapassar. Com este artigo pretendemos compreender o contributo da obra de António Sérgio para a renovação da educação na primeira metade do século 20 em Portugal. Como fontes utilizámos conferências, cartas, textos doutrinários e ensaios. Os descritores que utilizámos na análise foram crítica à pedagogia tradicional, pedagogia qualitativa, self-government e a escola-município, ensino infantil e primário. Em conclusão, o autor foi um forte opositor ao ensino tradicional e impulsionador de uma educaçao baseada noself-government.
As dívidas do Senhor Jácome Lumachi. Pernambuco e a Companhia Geral pombalina
Authors: Marques Teresa Cristina de Novaes
Published: May 2015

O ensaio examina os direitos de propriedade dos credores no Antigo Regime pela ótica da ação da Companhia Geral Pernambuco e Paraíba nas capitanias do Norte. Explora a trajetória de uma família estrangeira radicada em Pernambuco, desde a década de 1760, os Lumachi, e suas alianças matrimoniais com integrantes da nobreza da terra. Sustenta-se que a abordagem dos direitos de propriedade deve buscar contextualizar o exercício desses direitos no meio social (político e econômico), a fim de reconstituir as estratégias de credores e devedores e avaliar quão efetivos são os direitos previstos na legislação.
Exclusivo metropolitano, "superlucros" e acumulação primitiva na Europa pré-industrial
Authors: Villela André Arruda
Published: May 2015

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar o influente modelo do Antigo Sistema Colonial, proposto originalmente por Fernando Novais. Os três elementos constitutivos do modelo - o exclusivo metropolitano, os "superlucros" e o papel destes últimos na industrialização europeia no início da Era Moderna - são criticados. Ao final, conclui-se que o modelo é essencialmente axiomático, demonstrando limitada aderência tanto à teoria econômica quanto à evidência empírica.
"Um desejo infinito de vencer": o protagonismo negro no pós-abolição
Authors: Domingues Petrônio
Published: May 2015

Ultimamente, diversos estudos têm explorado o tema do protagonismo negro em Santa Catarina no período posterior à abolição da escravatura. Esses trabalhos têm analisado personagens, agenciamentos políticos, conexões sociais, fluxos culturais e interlocuções raciais. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um balanço inicial dessa produção acadêmica e, ao mesmo tempo, apontar questões, discutir problemas e identificar os desafios dessa nova área de pesquisa.
Os lugares da desordem. Uma geografia legal para a Buenos Aires dos anos 1930
Authors: Caimari Lila
Published: May 2015

O artigo trata do processo de crescimento da cidade de Buenos Aires entre as décadas de 1920 e 1930, detendo-se na relação entre a expansão suburbana e as maneiras de descrever e imaginar as ameaças à ordem e à segurança da cidade. Apoiando-se em fontes jornalísticas e policiais, o trabalho argumenta que nesse período emerge a noção de uma ordem portenha contraposta a uma difusa desordem, situada fora dos limites da cidade-capital. Finalmente, analisa este fenômeno em zonas específicas, como o conjunto da zona norte, e a localidade fabril de Avellaneda, situada ao sul da cidade.
Expression of CD14 and toll-like receptors 2 and 4 by milk neutrophils in bovine mammary glands infected with Corynebacterium bovis
Authors: Blagitz Maiara G. , Souza Fernando N. , Batista Camila F. , Santos Bruna P. , Parra Andrea C. , Azevedo Luis Fernando F. , Libera Alice M.M.P. Della
Published: May 2015

This study evaluated the expression of CD14, toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 on the surface of milk neutrophils in bovine mammary glands infected with Corynebacterium bovis. Here, we used 23 culture-negative control quarters with no abnormal secretion on the strip cup test and milk somatic cell count lower than 1x105 cells/mL, and 14 C. bovis infected quarters. The identification of neutrophils, as well as, the percentage of neutrophils that expressed CD14, TLR2 and TLR4 were analyzed by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. The present study encountered no significant difference in the percentages of milk neutrophils that expressed TLR2 and TLR4 or in the expression of TLR4 by milk neutrophils. Conversely, a lower median fluorescence intensity of TLR2 in milk neutrophils was observed in C. bovis-infected quarters. The percentage of neutrophils that expressed CD14 and the median fluorescence intensity of CD14 in milk neutrophils was also lower in C. bovis-infected quarters.
Relation between the level of self-mutilation and theconcentration of fecal metabolites of glucocorticoids incaptive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: Pizzutto Cristiane S. , Sgai Manuela G.F.G. , Lopes Danielle A. , Pessutti Cecília , Nunes Adauto , Furtado Priscila V. , Oliveira Cláudio A. de , Guimarães Marcelo A.B.V.
Published: May 2015

The influence of stress in an environment, according with the behavioral and endocrine variables of primates, are increasingly being studied by a diversity of authors, and have shown that abnormal behaviors associated with increased glucocorticoids may be directly related with the impairment of their well-being. In this work were used 22 adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), 11 males and 11 females, kept in captivity in three different institutions. All animals had their behavior registered by focal session using a 30 seconds sample interval, during six months, totaling 4,800 registries per each animal. During this period, fecal samples were collected 3 times a week for the extraction and measurement of the concentration of fecal metabolites of glucocorticoid by radioimmunoassay. Of the total observed, stereotypical behaviors represented 13,45±2.76%, and among them, self-mutilation represented 38.28±3.98 %. The animals were classified into three different scores, according with the percentage of body surface with alopecia due to self-mutilation. It was found a positive correlation of high intensity between the scores of alopecia due to the observed mutilation and the average concentrations of fecal metabolites of glucocorticoids. This result strongly suggests that this measurement of self-mutilation in a chimpanzee can be used as an important auxiliary tool to evaluate de conditions of adaptation of an animal in captivity, functioning as a direct indicator of the presence of chronic stress.
Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp. infection in birds of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest detected by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Tostes Raquel , Vashist Usha , Scopel Kézia K.G. , Massard Carlos L. , Daemon Erik , D'Agosto Marta
Published: May 2015

In recent years haemosporidian infection by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium and Haemoproteus, has been considered one of the most important factors related to the extinction and/or population decline of several species of birds worldwide. In Brazil, despite the large avian biodiversity, few studies have been designed to detect this infection, especially among wild birds in captivity. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp. infection in wild birds in captivity in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil using microscopy and the polymerase chain reaction. Blood samples of 119 different species of birds kept in captivity at IBAMA during the period of July 2011 to July 2012 were collected. The parasite density was determined based only on readings of blood smears by light microscopy. The mean prevalence of Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp. infection obtained through the microscopic examination of blood smears and PCR were similar (83.19% and 81.3%, respectively), with Caracara plancus and Saltator similis being the most parasitized. The mean parasitemia determined by the microscopic counting of evolutionary forms of Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp. was 1.51%. The results obtained from this study reinforce the importance of the handling of captive birds, especially when they will be reintroduced into the wild.
When is the Best Time to Emerge—II: Seed Mass, Maturation, and Afterripening of Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Natural Cohorts
Authors: Wu Chenxi , Owen Micheal D. K.
Published: May 2015

Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of emergence timing on the fitness of the next generation as represented by seed mass, maturation, and afterripening of common waterhemp cohorts. Five natural cohorts were documented both in 2009 and 2010. Different maternal environments resulting from varied cohort emergence timings did not influence seed maturation time and seed mass, but had an inconsistent effect on seed afterripening. Here are our major findings. (1) Waterhemp cohorts needed similar amounts of time to generate viable seeds (20 to 27 d after flower initiation) and the seeds produced were of similar size (2.0 to 2.35 g), and (2) waterhemp has strong primary dormancy that may be released within 4 mo during the afterripening process, depending on the dormancy level. Seeds produced by later cohorts were more sensitive to the afterripening period, suggesting more flexibility in life strategy. Seeds from the 2009 cohorts had similar afterripening patterns; newly harvested seeds had strong primary dormancy (<10% germination), which was gradually released during dry storage and reached the maximum germination (>80%) rate 4 mo after harvest (MAH). However, germination then dropped to 40% 6 and 8 MAH, suggesting the induction of secondary seed dormancy. Strong primary dormancy at harvest for 2010 seeds was sustained in dry afterripening, perhaps because of higher dormancy level, which was the result of less-favorable parental environments brought by 10 to 30 times higher population densities and 2.5 to 5 times higher accumulative precipitation than in 2009 (see Wu and Owen 2014). We also tested the soil seed-bank seed population densities for each waterhemp cohort and found that early cohorts greatly influenced the seed population densities at the soil surface level and the turnover rate of the soil seed bank. Results from this research will provide insights into better management of waterhemp, targeting a better understanding of the seed bank.
Self-Fulfilling Runs: Evidence from the U.S. Life Insurance Industry
Authors: Foley-Fisher Nathan C. , Narajabad Borghan , Verani Stephane H.
Published: May 2015

Is liquidity creation in shadow banking vulnerable to self-fulfilling runs? Investors typically decide to withdraw simultaneously, making it challenging to identify self-fulfilling runs. In this paper, we exploit the contractual structure of funding agreement-backed securities offered by U.S. life insurers to institutional investors. The contracts allow us to obtain variation in investors’ expectations about other investors’ actions that is plausibly orthogonal to changes in fundamentals. We find that a run on U.S. life insurers during the summer of 2007 was partly due to self-fulfilling expectations. Our findings suggest that other contemporaneous runs in shadow banking by institutional investors may have had a self-fulfilling component.
International Financial Spillovers to Emerging Market Economies: How Important Are Economic Fundamentals?
Authors: Ahmed Shaghil , Coulibaly Brahima , Zlate Andrei
Published: May 2015

We assess the importance of economic fundamentals in the transmission of international shocks to financial markets in various emerging market economies (EMEs). Our analysis covers the so called taper-tantrum episode of 2013 and six earlier episodes of severe EME-wide financial stress since the mid-1990s. Cross-country regressions lead us to the following results: (1) EMEs with relatively better economic fundamentals suffered less deterioration in financial markets during the 2013 taper-tantrum episode. (2) Differentiation among EMEs set in quite early and persisted throughout this episode. (3) Controlling for economic fundamentals, we also find that, during the taper tantrum, financial conditions deteriorated more in those EMEs that had earlier experienced larger private capital inflows and greater exchange rate appreciation. (4) For earlier episodes, we find little evidence of investor differentiation across EMEs being explained by differences in their relative vulnerabilities during EME crises of the 1990s and early 2000s. (5) That said, differentiation across EMEs based on fundamentals does not appear to be unique to the 2013 episode. Differences in economic fundamentals played a role in explaining the heterogeneous EME financial market responses during the global financial crisis of 2008, and the role of fundamentals appeared to progressively increase through the European crisis in 2011 and subsequently the 2013 taper tantrum.
Wat maak jou mummie? 'n Oorsig van die stand van mummienavorsing aan die hand van die 8ste wêreldkongres
Authors: Slabbert R , Swanepoel L , Cornelius I
Published: May 2015

Die doel van hierdie artikel is om opsommend al die temas en studierigtings te beskryf wat by die 8ste Wêreldkongres oor Mummienavorsing aangebied is om die huidige stand van die bestudering van mummies aan te dui. Mummies is unieke bronne van inligting oor die verlede en die studie van mummies gee ons insig in die lewens van mense uit vervloë dae en van vele kulture. Mummies het nog altyd bekoor, selfs vandag nog. Die 8ste Wêreldkongres oor Mummienavorsing is vanaf 6 tot 9 Augustus 2013 in Rio de Janeiro, Brasilië, gehou. Hierdie kongres bring wetenskaplikes bymekaar wat mummies en hul toebehore bestudeer. Die 8ste kongres het verskeie internasionaal erkende navorsers se werk deur middel van 99 referate en 45 plakkaataanbiedings ten toon gestel. Twee plakkate het selfs oor werk gehandel wat in Suider-Afrika gedoen word, naamlik die studie van antieke Egiptiese dieremummies in Iziko Museums van Suid-Afrika (Kaapstad) en die studie van die Tuli-mummie wat in Botswana gevind is. Die wetenskaplike studie van mummies is goed gevestig en toon merkwaardige groei. Die enigste kritiek teen die kongres is egter die oordrewe klem op suiwer wetenskaplike studie en dat die kulturele en sosiale interpretasie van die mummies grootliks agterweë gelaat is. Die natuur-, mediese en chemiese wetenskappe is goed verteenwoordig en die data is waardevol, maar die ware integrasie van hierdie en die sosiale wetenskappe is nog onvoldoende. 'n Meer gebalanseerde kombinasie van die verskillende dissiplines sal die waarde van so 'n kongres aansienlik verhoog.
Handeling, deug en vergiffenis in die politieke denke van Hannah Arendt
Authors: Schoeman M
Published: May 2015

Hierdie artikel ondersoek die onderling verbandhoudende begrippe van handeling, deug en vergiffenis in die politieke denke van Hannah Arendt. Vir Arendt is 'n waarlik etiese of deugdelike lewe een wat gekenmerk word deur 'n sterk karakter en grootmoedigheid, gulhartigheid en ruimgeestigheid. As sodanig is dit die presiese teendeel van ressentiment, wraaksug en kleingeestigheid. Vergiffenis, tesame met betroubaarheid (die vermoë om beloftes te maak en te hou), maak vir Arendt die hoogste "beginsels" van handeling uit. Wanneer daaraan voldoen word, verleen dit nie alleen stabiliteit en duursaamheid aan ons handelinge nie, maar verskaf dit ook die nodige vrymoedigheid en vertroue om hoegenaamd te kan handel. Kultivering van die vermoë om beloftes te maak en te vergewe kan dus beskou word as die hoogste uitdrukking van (en die mees fundamentele voorwaarde vir) deugdelikheid. Niks op aarde kan volgens Arendt méér eties of méér deugsaam wees as om 'n situasie te help skep waarin dit vir mense moontlik word om met hulle lewens voort te gaan, d.w.s. in alle vrymoedigheid 'n nuwe begin te maak sonder om voortdurend gebukkend te gaan onder gevoelens van skuld en berou nie. Vir Arendt is wraaksugtigheid die teendeel van vergiffenis. Dit verteenwoordig die ergste ondeug, veral omdat dit suiwer reaktief is en nie in staat om enigiets nuuts of kreatief te inisieer nie. Daarom is dit vir Arendt so belangrik om strategieë te bedink om ressentiment en wraaksug te bowe te kom. Hierdie strategieë word taamlik breedvoerig bespreek, met besondere aandag aan Arendt se kritiek op morele sentimente soos jammerhartigheid en meegevoel, sowel as die egalitaristiese opvatting van sosiale geregtigheid.
Onderwys, die weg na lewenskwaliteit - die optimale realisering van die reg op lewe
Authors: Serfontein E
Published: May 2015

Die gekompliseerdheid van die reg op lewe word teen die agtergrond van die doelwitte van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, naamlik om die lewenskwaliteit van alle lands-burgers te verbeter en om elkeen se potensiaal te bevry, ondersoek. Die doel is om hierdie deurslaggewende reg konseptueel duidelik te verwoord en dit as inklusief van die reg tot dit wat nodig is vir die sekerheidstelling of voorsiening van 'n lewe wat die moeite werd is om te leef, te beskryf. 'n Analise van regspraak dui daarop dat, wanneer howe met die reg op lewe handel, hulle bykans altyd klem plaas op die reg om met waardigheid te sterf of nie te sterf nie. Dit word gedoen binne die bestek van omstandighede wat onder andere aborsie, genadedood, die doodstraf, die neem van 'n lewe in selfverdediging en toegang tot gesondheidsorg insluit. Hierdie artikel neem egter 'n ander standpunt ten opsigte van die reg op lewe in deur te argumenteer dat die realiteit in sy diversiteit omsluit word in die reg op lewe as die heelheid van 'n individu en die breë gemeenskap sowel as die kern van menslike bestaan. Die belangrikheid van die ontvangs van 'n kwaliteit onderwys ter optimale realisering van hierdie reg word dienooreenkomstig bevind as synde essensieel.
Charl-Pierre Naudé en Gert Vlok Nel in Nederland en Vlaanderen: Laterale transnationale bewegingen van Afrikaanstalige schrijvers naar Nederlands en Engels
Authors: T'Sjoen Y
Published: May 2015

Nederlandse literatuur is méér dan de literatuur die in het Nederlandse taalgebied wordt geproduceerd, gedistribueerd, geconsumeerd en gerecipieerd. Ook anderstalige literaturen, al dan niet in vertaling, functioneren en circuleren in een nationaal literair circuit, in het kritisch repertoire van schrijvers en critici, in een literair discours en in fondsen van uitgevershuizen. Buitenlandse schrijvers en teksten participeren direct of indirect in het gesprek over literatuur. In het literaire veld van Nederland en Vlaanderen zijn al langer Zuid-Afrikaanse auteurs aanwezig. Naast de canonieke stemmen - Breytenbach, Brink, Krog, Van Heerden en Van Niekerk - zijn Afrikaans-talige dichters present op literaire festivals, in kranten, tijdschriften en op internetblogs, in vertaling. Gert Vlok Nel en Charl-Pierre Naudé, debutanten in het midden van de jaren negentig in de Afrikaanse poëzie, zijn beiden naar het Nederlands vertaald. Hoewel Nel vooral een dichterperformer is en Naudé met zij n poëzie minder aanwezig is op de bühne en al helemaal geen muziek gebruikt om zijn gedichten voor een publiek van toehoorders te brengen, vertoont hun schrijversloopbaan een vergelijkbare laterale beweging van het Afrikaans naar het Nederlands of van een "marginale" literatuur naar een middelgrote taal in Europees perspectief. Tegelijk publiceren beiden in het Engels. Met name Naudés zelfvertaling Against the light en enkele vertalingen van Nels gedichten in opdracht van Poetry International Rotterdam kunnen in dat opzicht worden genoemd. Deze auteurs bewegen zich dus evenzeer in een verticale richting naar de metropool van de hedendaagse wereldliteratuur.
Parâmetros genéticos de relações de pesos, características de fertilidade e crescimento em vacas da raça Canchim
Authors: Mello Silvio de Paula , Alencar Maurício Mello de , Passafaro Tiago Luciano , Toral Fabio Luiz Buranelo
Published: May 2015

O objetivo neste trabalho foi estimar herdabilidade da idade ao primeiro parto (IPP), do escore de condição corporal ao primeiro parto (EPP), do escore de condição corporal ao parto (ECP), dos pesos à desmama (PD) e aos doze meses de idade (P12) e das relações de peso do bezerro à desmama pelo peso da vaca ao parto (RPP) e peso do primeiro bezerro à desmama pelo peso da vaca ao primeiro parto (RPPP) e as correlações genéticas de IPP, EPP, PD e P12 com RPPP, em um rebanho da raça Canchim. As médias a posteriori dos componentes de (co)variância foram obtidas por inferência bayesiana, em análises uni e bicaracterísticas. Os modelos estatísticos incluíram os efeitos aleatórios genético aditivos direto e materno, de ambiente permanente e residual, e os efeitos fixos de ano e mês de nascimento ou do parto, idade da vaca ao parto e sexo do bezerro, dependendo da característica. As médias a posteriori da herdabilidade, obtidas em análises unicararacterística, foram 0,12 (IPP); 0,36 (EPP); 0,18 (ECP); 0,50 (PD); 0,46 (P12); 0,16 (RPP) e 0,40 (RPPP), indicando que as características possuem variação genética aditiva suficiente para apresentar boa resposta à seleção massal, com  exceção  de IPP.  As  correlações genéticas de IPP (-0,61), EPP (-0,36), PD (-0,20) e P12 (-0,05) com RPPP sugerem que a seleção para reduzir a idade e o escore de condição corporal ao primeiro parto deve melhorar a produtividade das fêmeas no primeiro parto, mas a seleção para modificar pesos em idades jovens não promove mudanças na eficiência produtiva das matrizes.
Respostas comportamentais de novilhas leiteiras confinadas submetidas ao sistema de resfriamento adiabático evaporativo
Authors: Silva Gianni Aguiar da , Toledo Luciandra Macedo de , Demski Joana Baptista , Arcaro Júnior Irineu , Matarazzo Soraia Vanessa
Published: May 2015

A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do sistema de resfriamento adiabático evaporativo (SRAE) sobre as variáveis comportamentais de novilhas leiteiras da raça Holandesa mantidas em confinamento. Foram utilizadas 12 novilhas, distribuídas em três tratamentos: 1) ventilação e SRAE por nebulização quando a temperatura atingia 25°C a qualquer umidade; 2) ventilação e SRAE por nebulização quando a temperatura atingia 25°C com umidade relativa menor ou igual a 70% e, 3 sem sistema de resfriamento. O delineamento experimental consistiu em um retângulo latino repetido duas vezes. As variáveis ambientais (temperatura do bulbo seco, temperatura do globo negro e umidade relativa foram coletadas diariamente, num intervalo de 15 minutos, através de dataloggers, durante todo o experimento. Na análise comportamental foram observadas as posturas (em pé e deitada), as atividades realizadas pelos animais e os locais em que se encontravam na baia, em intervalos de 15 minutos. Contudo, observou-se que não houve diferença nas variáveis comportamentais dos animais entre os tratamentos.
B. Franklin: Obitus
Authors: Soderbergh Peter
Published: May 2015

To what extent is man a prisoner of the doctrines, dogmas,and accepted customs of his time? In this one act play,Benjamin Franklin is confronted by three inquisitors who seek an explanation and justification of his"unorthodox" beliefs and teachings.
The Use of English in Australian Literature
Authors: Delbridge Arthur
Published: May 2015

It is only 175 years since the British first settled in Australia. Sydney, which today is a city of two and a half million inhabitants, in 1788 was peopled by transported convicts and those who guarded them. For more than half a century the Australian colonies continued to receive shiploads of felons—the labour force of the new land. One of the results of the convict system was a society divided into two opposed groups—those who laboured and those who employed labour. The character of this society began to alter when free settlers came in numbers, first to supplement and then to supplant the convict labour force, and eventually to provide a middle class. But immigration,whether free or not, produced a society diverse in origins and interests but inescapably united by the challenge of a new landscape and a new life. Both the diversity and the unity have left the marks of their force in the language of Australians even to the present day.
Three Processes in the Child's Acquisition of Syntax
Authors: Brown Roger , Bellugi Ursula
Published: May 2015

Some time in the second six months of life most children say a first intelligible word. A few months later most children are saying many words and some children go about the house all day long naming things (table, doggie, ball,etc.) and actions (play, see, drop, etc.) and an occasional quality (blue, broke,bad, etc.). At about eighteen months children are likely to begin constructing two-word utterances; such a one, for instance, as Push car.
Mencken Revisited
Authors: McDavid, Jr. Raven
Published: May 2015

Forty-five years after the first edition of H. L. Mencken's The American Language,the state of American linguistics is a prosperous one. School people at all levels are interested in what linguists promise to accomplish. If we can believe some of the more eloquent tub-thumpers, linguistics can solve any of the vexing problems of American education, from elementary reading to international understanding.
Pretending to Have (or to Be) a Computer as a Strategy in Teaching
Authors: Berry Paul
Published: May 2015

Computer simulation of human behavior has become a lively area of psychological research. Taking as his example the simple counting of first grade children,the author shows how constructing a program for a real or an imaginary computer can help both the teacher and the child to understand the mental operations involved.
A Computer-Measurement System for Guidance
Authors: Cooley William
Published: May 2015

The role of testing in public school guidance programs is examined. The author suggests better use of new techniques to aid counselors. The computer, multivariate analysis of test scores, and the results of longitudinal studies are considered in detail.
A Psychologist's Second Thoughts on Concepts, Curiosity, and Discovery in Teaching and Learning
Authors: Friedlander Bernard
Published: May 2015

Revolutionary changes are rapidly altering traditional educational practices. Stressing the danger of accepting what may be oversimplified conceptions of students' motivation and learning, Dr. Friedlander examines three topics that are pivotal to contemporary movements for revision of curricula and teaching practice.
A Second Study in the Teaching of Creativity
Authors: Brown George
Published: May 2015

Can creativity be taught? In recent years this question has received increasing attention from educators and others. Professor Brown presents a method of teaching creativity through the development of a theory of "sub-selves" within the individual's total personality structure.
Mississippi's Freedom Schools: The Politics of Education
Authors: Howe Florence
Published: May 2015

The Director of a Freedom School describes the operation, purpose and elan of a significant venture into the politics of education.
The Year the Schools Began Teaching the Telephone Directory
Authors: Harmin Merrill , Simon Sidney
Published: May 2015

The authors satirize the misplaced ingenuity employed by education in the defense of its own fundamental deficiencies.
The Logical Consistency of Language
Authors: Herzberger Hans
Published: May 2015

The author offers a demonstration of the conceptual impossibility that any natural language could be discovered to be logically inconsistent, based on the claim that any such discovery would entail a self-contradiction.
A Structural Curriculum in English
Authors: Moffett James
Published: May 2015

An emphasis on "structure" is one of the key elements in recent curriculum development. In this article Mr. Moffett explores a structural approach to the teaching of English as a symbol system and as a set of skills as distinguished from the traditional emphasis on the linguistic and literary content of the field.
An Experimental Approach to the Teaching of Oral Language and Reading
Authors: Stemmler Anne
Published: May 2015

An approach for developing oral language competence and other prerequisites to reading instruction is described. The author offers the approach as a method for identifying essential elements and organizing them into a conceptual framework for teaching beginning reading.
Social Structure and the Socialization of Competence
Authors: Inkeles Alex
Published: May 2015

The author explores the view that research should consider the "demands" of social structure on competence-training, noting that those aspects of socialization which bear directly on future roles have been neglected.
The Principal Issue
Authors: Deutsch Martin
Published: May 2015

Considering the urgency of providing equal educational opportunity across race and social class, the author argues for the immediate acceptance of new responsibilities by educators and proposes some new roles for social scientists concerned with education.
The Law and the Schools
Authors: Freund Paul
Published: May 2015

The author suggests a fresh way of bringing the study of law into the schools "through a vicarious participation in the process of legal thinking."He illustrates the use of this approach in the development of several important modes of thought.
Some Thoughts on Intellectuals and the Schools
Authors: Chomsky Noam
Published: May 2015

Noting that intellectuals often value power more than truth, the author uses examples from American foreign policy to discuss the failure of the intellectual community to involve itself responsibly with current social problems. He suggests that the schools should deal objectively with moral issues while defending themselves, if need be, against both government propaganda and the indifference of intellectuals.
Ideas at My Fingertips
Authors: Hayes, Jr. Bartlett
Published: May 2015

The intellectual's contribution to the school is "to demonstrate that ways of performing are more important than any particular body of information. . . .'Mr. Hayes suggests that schools utilize technological means to provide sensory experiences on which abstract learnings could be based.
The American Negro College
Authors: Jencks Christopher , Riesman David
Published: May 2015

Considering contemporary Negro colleges in the light of their historical background, the authors discuss the roles of these colleges and possibilities for change. Concluding that few major changes are likely, within traditional frameworks, they suggest alternate new roles for some of these colleges.
Teaching About Religion: Some Reservations
Authors: Olafson Frederick
Published: May 2015

The author discusses his reservations about possible outcomes of proposed secondary school courses in religion. He argues that given present legal,social, and curricular constraints, expectations for such courses should be modest at best.
The Cornell Introductory Course in the Social Sciences: A PSYCHOLOGIST'S REPORT
Authors: Maccoby Michael
Published: May 2015

The author discusses an interdisciplinary social science course which dealt with poverty in America and emphasized the relation between social science generalizations and the students' own experience. Samples from the students' oral and written work illustrate the effects of the course on the middle-class and the poor students.
Schools and Politics in The Big City
Authors: Salisbury Robert
Published: May 2015

In this article the author discusses possible relationships between urban political systems and the schools. In suggesting that education would benefit from closer ties to the political structure, he questions the traditional arguments for the "professional independence" of the schools.
Reading and Reading Difficulty: A Conceptual Analysis
Authors: Wiener Morton , Cromer Ward
Published: May 2015

In this article a number of issues in reading and reading difficulty are derived from a consideration of the different types of definitions of reading and from an analysis of the kinds of explanations offered to account for reading difficulty. Based on the issues considered, the authors advance what they believe to be a more integrated conceptualization of reading and reading difficulty.
Piaget and Montessori
Authors: Elkind David
Published: May 2015

The author examines the ideas of Piaget and Montessori and notes the parallels and divergences in the interests, backgrounds, and ideas of these two researchers. Illustrating these ideas with his own and other research, the author points up several popular misunderstandings.
Learning Patterns in the Disadvantaged
Authors: Stodolsky Susan , Lesser Gerald
Published: May 2015

The authors review evidence and suggest future directions for research on the learning patterns of disadvantaged children. After a detailed description of a specific case of research, some implications for educational policy are discussed. The authors take issue with James S. Coleman's definition of the concept of "equal educational opportunity"and advance an alternative definition. The problem of achieving a useful definition of the term "disadvantaged"is addressed throughout the paper.
School Factors and Equal Educational Opportunity
Authors: Dyer Henry
Published: May 2015

The author surveys three earlier studies of the effects of schooling on achievement and cognitive development in which the conclusions apparently differ from those of the Coleman Report. He suggests that the Report gives an "unfortunate" impression that schools can do little to improve achievement, and then examines certain school characteristics which do seem to influence achievement.
Social Class and Equal Educational Opportunity
Authors: Wilson Alan
Published: May 2015

After reviewing briefly the influence that the ideology of equal educational opportunity has had on the development of public education, the author considers the relationships between the "aggregative characteristics" of schools and the development of individual students attending these schools. In particular, he considers the relevant findings presented in the Coleman Report and in related studies. He discusses several levels at which the Coleman inference with respect to the effect of student body characteristics on academic achievement has been questioned, and uses related studies where possible to eliminate ambiguities. The author concludes by considering the problem of a theoretical rationale adequate to account for the empirical findings of the Coleman study.
Towards Equality of Educational Opportunity?
Authors: Bowles Samuel
Published: May 2015

In this article, the author argues that a number of changes are necessary if equality of educational opportunity is to be achieved: the allocation of unequal amounts of resources for educating Negro as compared to white children and poor as compared to rich children, the rejection of the notion that the educational system alone can and should bear the responsibility for achieving equal opportunity, and a major redistribution of political power within our society.
Alternative Public School Systems
Authors: Clark Kenneth
Published: May 2015

The author asserts that American public education suffers from "pervasive and persistent" inefficiency, particularly in the schools provided for Negro and other underprivileged children. After discussing the obstacles to "effective, nonracially constrained" education, the author proposes a strategy for providing excellent education in ghetto schools in conjunction with efforts to bring about effective school desegregation. Because the present patterns of public school organization are themselves a principal factor in inhibiting efforts to improve the quality of education,it will be necessary, he contends, to find "realistic, aggressive, and viable competitors"to the present public schools. The paper concludes with a discussion of alternatives to existing urban public school systems, including such possibilities as industrial demonstration schools and schools operated by the Department of Defense.
Basic and Applied Research in Education: Definitions, Distinctions, and Implications
Authors: Carroll John
Published: May 2015

The author draws on the natural and social sciences to illustrate differences and interactions between applied and basic research in education. From this discussion he concludes that there is ample justification for further financial and intellectual support of the basic research component in education, and calls for a better balance in the support of basic and applied educational research.
The Short, Happy Life of the Adams-Morgan Community School Project
Authors: Lauter Paul
Published: May 2015

Despite the public acclaim which has been accorded the Adams-Morgan Project as a major testing ground for the community school approach, difficulties have beset the project from its inception. In addition to community control, the project design included experimentation with university participation in school operation, teamteaching and nongraded organization, an experimental open-ended curriculum, and a program of teacher and subprofessional training. Each of these innovations, together with the racial attitudes of teachers and an ill-defined allocation of responsibility and power among the participating groups, has contributed to the difficulties at the Morgan Elementary School. In logging the project's development and assessing its tentative results, the author identifies a number of important considerations for the operation of projects which involve experimentation in any of these areas.
Political Education in the Midst of Life's Struggles
Authors: Lane Robert
Published: May 2015

How does college affect a student's political outlook? It is so tempting to take a faculty-eye view of the process of socialization (the effects of curricula,faculty views, field of specialization), or a grosser view of the effects of intellectual effort, or even a personalistic view of the effects of psychological traits,that one can easily omit the central and changing nature of the student's own purposes and partially-understood struggles. The author argues that political socialization in college depends very substantially on the nature of the student's life struggles at the time, especially his continuing conflict with his absent father, his struggle to achieve some particular mode of accommodation with his fellow students, and his struggle with himself on his own self-image. He examines some of the findings on political change associated with college life and some of the factors associated with these changes, then examines some case material on political development as reported by the students themselves,and finally suggests some more general reflections on political socialization in college, reflections which have a bearing on the high school years as well.