bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The national burden of frailty and disproportionate distribution of its components—the predominance of slow gait speed: a 2018–19 face-to-face epidemiologic assessment representative of population of older Poles
Authors: Piotrowicz Karolina , Kujawska-Danecka Hanna , Jagiełło Kacper , Hajduk Adam , Skalska Anna , Mossakowska Małgorzata , Zdrojewski Tomasz , Grodzicki Tomasz , Gąsowski Jerzy
Published: January 2023

Background

The prevalence of frailty and its components may be affected by age, diseases and geriatric deficits. However, the current operational definition of frailty assigns equal weight to the five components of frailty.

Aims

To perform a population-based assessment of physical frailty, its prevalence, and distribution of its components across different age, disease and deficit spectrum.

Methods

From 2018 to 2019, we conducted a face-to-face cross-sectional assessment of a representative sample of older Poles. We obtained data on frailty components, chronic disease burden, and prevalence of particular diseases and geriatric deficits. We calculated weighted population estimates, representative of 8.5 million older Poles, of prevalence of frailty and its components across the disease burden, associated with the particular diseases and the geriatric deficits present.

Results

Of 10,635 screened persons ≥ 60 years, 5987 entered the face-to-face assessment. Data of 5410 have been used for the present analysis. Seventy-two percent of the population are burdened with at least one frailty component. The estimated weighted population prevalence (95% CI) of frailty was 15.9% (14.6–17.1%), and of pre-frailty 55.8% (53.3–58.2%). Slow gait speed predominated across disease burden, specific diseases, geriatric deficits and the age spectrum. Overall, the prevalence of slow gait speed was 56.3% (52.7–60.0%), followed by weakness 26.9% (25.4–28.4%), exhaustion 19.2% (17.6–20.8%), low physical activity 16.5% (14.8–18.3%), and weight loss 9.4% (8.4–10.3%).

Conclusions

Slow gait speed predominates among the components of frailty in older Poles. This may affect the component-tailored preventive and therapeutic actions to tackle frailty.
Effects of l-carnitine Administration on Sperm and Sex Hormone Levels in a Male Wistar Rat Reproductive System Injury Model in a High-Altitude Hypobaric Hypoxic Environment
Authors: Chang Dehui , Kong Feiyan , Jiang Wei , Li Fudong , Zhang Chunlei , Ding Haoshuai , Kang Yindong , Li Weiping , Huang Chuang , Zhou Xin , Zhang Xiaoli , Jiao Hongmei , Kang Yafen , Shang Xuejun , Zhang Bin
Published: January 2023

The plateau environment impacts male reproductive function, causing decreased sperm quality and testosterone levels. l-carnitine can improve the semen microenvironment. However, the role of l-carnitine in a high-altitude environment remains unclear. In our study, we investigated the effects of l-carnitine administration in a male Wistar rat reproductive system injury model in the context of a simulated high-altitude environment. Rats were randomly divided into a normal control group (group A1, A2-low dose and A3-high dose) and high-altitude model groups (group B, C-low dose and D-high dose) with 20 rats in each group. With the exception of the normal control group exposed to normoxic conditions, the other groups were maintained in a hypobaric oxygen chamber that simulated an altitude of 6000 m for 28 days. In the experimental period, the low-dose groups (A2 and C) were administered 50 mg/kg l-carnitine via intraperitoneal injection once a day, and the high-dose groups (A3 and D) were given 100 mg/kg. After the feeding period, blood samples were collected to assess blood gas, serum hormone levels and oxidative stress. Sperm from the epididymis were collected to analyse various sperm parameters. After obtaining the testicular tissue, the morphological and pathological changes were observed under a light microscope and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The impact of the simulated high-altitude environment on the rat testis tissue is obvious. Specifically, a decreased testicular organ index and altered indices of arterial blood gas and serum sex hormone levels caused testicular tissue morphological damage, reduced sperm quality, increased sperm deformity rate and altered malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentrations. The results demonstrate that l-carnitine can be administered as a preventive intervention to reduce the reproductive damage caused by high-altitude hypobaric and hypoxic environments and improve semen quality in a rat model.
Water of Eastern Taiwan mud volcanoes: part II—trace element distribution of Lei-Gong-Huo mud volcano
Authors: Chao Hung-Chun
Published: January 2023

Mud volcano (MV) is one of the most important channels for deep seated volatile materials to migrate to Earth’s surface in the sedimentary basins at subduction zones. It plays a meaningful role of elemental budget in hydrosphere. Waters of MV fluid emitted from 46 mud pools in MV Lei-Gong-Huo (LGH) in eastern Taiwan were sampled from October 2015 to July 2016 monthly. Previous research indicates that the chemical characteristic of fluid expelled by MV LGH is dominated by two-end-member mixing of water–rock interaction with sedimentary and igneous rocks (Chao et al., Front Earth Sci 9:750436, 2022). Trace elements of 165 mud pool samples, including Al, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Mo, Sb, I, Cs, Pb and U, were measured. The results show that waters of MV LGH reveal similar chemical characteristics to low-temperature ridge-flank hydrothermal spring and marine pore water in anoxic conditions coupled with the addition of clay dehydration. Principle component analysis (PCA) with previous published variables (Chao et al., Front Earth Sci 9:750436, 2022) indicates the important factors are the source of water–rock interaction, the surface ion exchange, the redox condition of mud pool, and the evaporation. In summary, the concentration of trace elements in the waters expelled by MV LGH is in the range of nM to pM. Their behaviors are dominated by secondary factors during and after migration such as surface ion exchange in response to changes in pressure and temperature, redox state of the mud pool, and evaporation. Trace elements in MV water are not suitable for fluid source or provenance studies.
Law and psychology must think critically about effect sizes
Authors: Chin Jason M.
Published: January 2023

This comment examines a threat to the development of law and psychology as a “public science” (i.e., one that goes beyond theory to address important issues in society), a failure to think critically about effect sizes. Effect sizes estimate the strength or magnitude of the relationship between variables and therefore can help decision makers understand whether scientific results are relevant to some legal or policy outcome. Accordingly, I suggest that those conducting and reporting law and psychology research should: (1) justify why observed effect sizes are meaningful and report them candidly and transparently, (2) scrutinize effect sizes to determine if they are plausible, and (3) plan studies such that they fit with the researchers’ inferential goals. I explore these points by way of case studies on influential law and psychology studies, such as implicit bias in the courtroom. I end with suggestions for implementing my recommendations, including a metaresearch agenda for law and psychology.
La valeur du faux (note critique)
Authors: Bessy Christian , Colmellere Cynthia
Published: January 2023

Cette note critique revient sur l’une des affaires de faux livres anciens les plus retentissantes des années 2000, celle du Sidereus nuncius, à partir de deux parutions récentes : l’ouvrage collectif SNML. Anatomie d’une contrefaçon (2020) et celui de Nick Wilding, Faussaire de Lune. Autopsie d’une imposture, Galilée et ses contrefacteurs (2014). Les études de cas de faux et des parcours et pratiques de faussaires dans le domaine des textes et du livre en particulier ont permis d’examiner les ressorts de ces falsifications, souvent au regard de comportements individuels, motivés par une volonté délibérée de production de faits erronés, de disqualification de faits existants ou par une ambition sociale. Cependant, lorsqu’il s’agit de faux s’échangeant sur le marché du livre ancien et dont la valeur tient tout autant au texte qu’aux caractéristiques matérielles, ce questionnement doit être élargi. La configuration des savoirs en jeu interroge le travail de la preuve aux confins de l’histoire de l’art et de l’histoire des sciences. Elle met aussi au jour la relation entre experts et faussaires, qui s’appuient sur leurs prises et leurs savoir-faire et sur des connaissances réciproques de leurs compétences et appuis respectifs. L’analyse de cette configuration permet enfin de montrer la porosité des frontières entre le marché du livre et le monde de la connaissance historique et archivistique.
Écrivains « noirs » et prix littéraires
Authors: Bertho Elara
Published: January 2023

Cet article analyse La plus secrète mémoire des hommes, dernier roman de l’écrivain sénégalais Mohamed Mbougar Sarr, récipiendaire du prix Goncourt en 2021. Sous la forme d’un roman-monde, ce texte traverse le long xxe siècle en explorant les relations entretenues entre littérature et universel. Le personnage d’Elimane, au centre du récit, met en lumière la réception racialisée de la littérature francophone et la manière dont les écrivains sont lus par la critique. Il fait office de double fictionnel pour représenter non seulement la trajectoire de Yambo Ouologuem, mais aussi celle toute une série d’autres écrivains ayant été la cible de cabales médiatiques, à l’instar de Camara Laye, de Bakary Diallo ou encore de René Maran. L’article montre qu’en représentant cette réception racialisée, Mbougar Sarr utilise la fiction elle-même pour jouer avec ces assignations critiques. Le jeu entre histoire et littérature, mis en scène dans le roman, contribue à élaborer les pistes d’un nouvel universel littéraire, reprenant et glosant les propositions de Souleymane Bachir Diagne à propos de l’universel latéral. Pastiche, ironie, décalages, jeux de doubles et de miroirs, entremêlement d’intertextualité sont les armes de l’écrivain pour mettre en scène la puissance de la fiction face aux lectures racialisantes.
Communs et dynamiques de pouvoir dans l’Europe du Sud médiévale
Authors: Viso Iñaki Martín , Rao Riccardo
Published: January 2023

Cet article propose une analyse comparée de l’évolution des communs dans deux grandes régions de l’Europe méridionale médiévale : l’Italie du centre-nord et le plateau du Duero dans la Péninsule ibérique. Au cours des dernières années, les recherches menées à partir des études économiques d’Elinor Ostrom sur différentes régions d’Europe du Nord ont insisté sur la centralité des communs dans l’agrosystème et l’organisation des communautés depuis le haut Moyen Âge. Face à une Europe du Nord résiliente, où la présence de biens communs stables a permis de résorber les inégalités sociales, les communs en Europe du Sud auraient été moins solides, entraînant une moindre cohésion des communautés. L’étude comparative de longue durée des deux régions met en évidence l’existence de biens communs dès le début du Moyen Âge, puis leurs évolutions successives au Moyen Âge central et au bas Moyen Âge, en même temps que les pratiques documentaires qui les ont enregistrés. Cette résilience a pris des formes différentes dans chacune des régions, en raison de facteurs contingents tout aussi divers. Partie prenante d’une « économie morale », les biens communaux ont donc pu s’adapter à des conditions changeantes et à la présence de nouveaux acteurs sociaux. Finalement, ces formes d’utilisation collective, en dialogue constant avec les notions de propriété et d’appropriation, étaient liées à la création et à la pérennité d’identités (rurales, urbaines) opérant à différentes échelles.
Hinge Communitarianism
Authors: Mion Giovanni
Published: January 2023

In this paper, I will defend a communitarian perspective on the so-called “hinge propositions” (hinges, for short). Accordingly, I will argue that hinges play a normative role, in the sense that, among other things, they govern the mechanisms of social inclusion/exclusion. In particular, I will examine the so-called “religious hinges”; and I will argue that such hinges, being the product of mere indoctrination, are particularly effective in shaping boundaries among communities. Finally, with the help of Peter Munz's theory of altruism, I will attempt to explain why religious hinges play the role they do.
Probing dissipation in spreading drops with granular suspensions
Authors: Pelosse Alice , Guazzelli Élisabeth , Roché Matthieu
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we study the spreading of droplets of density-matched granular suspensions on the surface of a solid. Bidispersity of the particle size distribution enriches the conclusions drawn from monodisperse experiments by highlighting key elements of the wetting dynamics. In all cases, the relation between the dynamic contact angle and the velocity of the contact line is similar to that for a simple fluid, despite the complexity introduced by the presence of particles. We extract from this relation an apparent wetting viscosity of the suspensions that differs from that measured in the bulk. Dimensional analysis supported by experimental measurements yields an estimate of the size of the region inside the droplet where the value of the dynamic contact angle depends on a balance of viscous dissipation and capillary stresses. How particle size compares with this viscous cut-off length seems crucial in determining the value of the apparent wetting viscosity. With bimodal blends, the particle size ratio can be used to show the effects of the local structure and volume fraction at the contact line, both impacting the value of the corresponding wetting viscosity.
On the prudence of adopting a ‘Sin now; repent later’ policy
Authors: Mawson T. J.
Published: January 2023

‘Listen, I'm against sin. I'll kick it as long as I've got a foot; I'll punch it as long as I've got a fist; I'll butt it as long as I've got a head; and I'll bite it as long as I've got a tooth’ (Billy Sunday). Billy Sunday was a revivalist preacher in the early half of the twentieth century. I take it that Billy's approach to sin will be taken by most to be more theologically acceptable than the following. ‘I figure I'll go for the life of sin, followed by the presto-change-o deathbed repentance’ (Bart Simpson). Bart Simpson is a character in the animated TV Show, The Simpsons. In the vignette from which this quotation of Bart's is abstracted, Bart is actually in conversation with a Billy-Sunday-like preacher. The preacher, on hearing of Bart's theology (Bartian theology, we may call it; not, NB Barthian theology), replies in a slightly stunned way, as if he had never himself considered Bartianism prior to that particular moment, ‘Wow! That is a good angle. . .’ However, he quickly collects himself and adds definitively, ‘But it's not God's angle.’ In this article, I wish to explore Bart's angle; could it, or something like it, after all, be a prudent angle?
Calibrated analytical model for magnetic localization of wireless capsule endoscope based on onboard sensing
Authors: Li You , Huang Zhuokang , Liu Xiaobo , Jie Yu , Song Chaoyang , Hu Chengzhi
Published: January 2023

Wireless capsule endoscopes (WCEs) are pill-sized camera-embedded devices that can provide visualization of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract by capturing and transmitting images to an external receiver. Determination of the exact location of the WCE is crucial for the accurate navigation of the WCE through external guidance, tracking of the GI abnormality, and the treatment of the detected disease. Despite the enormous progress in the real-time tracking of the WCE, a well-calibrated analytical model is still missing for the accurate localization of WCEs by the measurements from different onboard sensing units. In this paper, a well-calibrated analytical model for the magnetic localization of the WCE was established by optimizing the magnetic moment in the magnetic dipole model. The Jacobian-based iterative method was employed to solve the position of the WCE. An error model was established and experimentally verified for the analysis and prediction of the localization errors caused by inaccurate measurements from the magnetic field sensor. The assessment of the real-time localization of the WCE was performed via experimental trials using an external permanent magnet (EPM) mounted on a robotic manipulator and a WCE equipped with a 3-axis magnetic field sensor and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). The localization errors were measured under different translational and rotational motion modes and working spaces. The results showed that the selection of workspace (distance relative to the EPM) could lead to different positioning errors. The proposed magnetic localization method holds great potential for the real-time localization of WCEs when performing complex motions during GI diagnosis.
Does Performance Competition Impact China's Leadership Behaviour? Re-examining the Promotion Tournament Hypothesis
Authors: Pang Baoqing , Keng Shu , Zhang Siyi
Published: January 2023

How can China develop so quickly and yet maintain stability? Most scholars pinpoint the efforts of China's local government leaders as a primary factor. Regarding what motivates these leaders, however, scholars display wide disagreement. The widely accepted “promotion tournament” hypothesis stresses competition among local leaders as the driving force, but empirical test results vary considerably and create controversy. We argue that tests of promotion competition should target leadership behaviour rather than institutional inducements; the latter are, at best, a necessary condition of the former. Informed by extensive fieldwork, this study proposes an alternative and more direct approach to verifying the promotion tournament hypothesis by examining the impacts of promotion competition on leaders’ performance efforts. Our test results show, however, that competition for promotion has no significant impact on local leaders’ behaviour, thereby indicating that the promotion tournament hypothesis cannot be the primary explanation for China's economic achievements and regime resilience. In so doing, our study illuminates the oversimplified assumptions behind a prevailing proposition in Chinese politics and offers empirically informed insights into the tensions between political institutions and leadership behaviour.
Gender and Political Representation in Times of Crisis
Authors: O’Brien Diana Z. , Piscopo Jennifer M.
Published: January 2023

Politics is increasingly dominated by crises, from pandemics to extreme weather events. These Critical Perspectives essays analyze crises’ gendered implications by focusing on their consequences for women’s descriptive and substantive representation. Covering multiple kinds of crises, including large-scale protests, climate shocks, and war and revolution, the contributions reveal three factors shaping both the theoretical conceptualization and empirical analysis of crisis and women’s representation: (1) the type of crisis, (2) the actors influenced by the crisis, and (3) the aftermath of the crisis. Together, the contributors urge scholars to “think crisis, think gender” far beyond the supply of and demand for women leaders.
War, Revolution, and the Expansion of Women’s Political Representation
Authors: Tripp Aili Mari
Published: January 2023

Women’s political rights and their exercise of political citizenship globally have often expanded more rapidly in times of conflict, crisis, and revolution. The decline of empires after World Wars I and II and the creation of new nations served as a catalyst for the expansion of women’s suffrage. Civil wars and revolutions have had similar outcomes in expanding women’s political citizenship. This essay brings together several disparate literatures on World War I, World War II, wars of independence, revolution, and post-1990 civil wars and expands their scope to show how women’s political rights and citizenship in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have often been linked to conflict. In doing so, I highlight a notable pathway by which rights expansions occurred: conflict led to changes in the political elite and ruling class, resulting in the necessity to rewrite constitutions and other rules of the polity. During these critical junctures, women’s rights activists gained opportunities to advance their demands. The context of changing international gender norms also influenced these moments. I consider two key moments in the worldwide expansion of political citizenship: the struggle for women’s suffrage and the struggle to expand women’s representation in local and national representative bodies.
Epochal Changes in the Intrinsic Nature/Dynamics of Flood and Drought During Indian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Maurya Archana , Verma Shruti , Pant Manas , Bhatla R.
Published: January 2023

The basic and derived meteorological parameters, are important factors that affect the epochal changes of monsoonal drought/flood events which consequently influence the socio‐economic aspects of India. The anomalous tricade departure of parameters namely rainfall, surface pressure, surface temperature, zonal and meridional wind, cloud cover (CC), outgoing longwave radiation, latent heat flux (LHF), sensible heat flux, net incoming shortwave radiation flux and net heat flux (NHF) have been considered between past, and recent tricade respectively drought and flood events. An anomalous decrease (−3 to −2 mm/d) in rainfall over the southern Arabian sea (AS), southern peninsular India and Bay of Bengal during past and recent tricade, on the other side increase (2–2.5 mm/d) in rainfall over the equatorial Indian ocean (EIO) during drought. The drought episode of the recent tricade is showing basin wise significant increase in LHF (20–30 W/m2) and decrease in NHF (−30 to −60 W/m2) from the Somali coast to Indonesian region which is linked with changing oceanic processes linked with the Indian ocean warming. The comparison of past and recent monsoonal flood has shown decrease in the CC over EIO and AS region which supported anomalous highest departure in LHF (12 W/m2) over EIO. A direct association of dry and moist static energy variations have been found to be linked with the surface fluxes during Indian summer monsoon season. Further, epochal differences of vertically integrated moisture flux convergence is consistent with flood/drought rainfall anomaly. Thus, radiative imbalance also plays a secondary role in determining epochal nature of drought/flood variability and its nature.
Discrete Element Modeling of Southeast Asia's 3D Lithospheric Deformation During the Indian Collision
Authors: Jiao Liqing , Tapponnier Paul , Donzé Frédéric‐Victor , Scholtès Luc , Gaudemer Yves , Xu Xiwei
Published: January 2023

The Indian collision has deformed the eastern Asian continent in a multifaceted way, uplifting Tibet and surrounding mountains, activating ≥1,000 km‐long strike‐slip faults, and opening Tertiary rifts and oceanic basins up to ≈3,000 km away from the Himalayas. Modeling such broad‐scale tectonics has been challenging. While continent‐scale, lithospheric deformation appears to have been primarily taken‐up by long, narrow, inter‐connected shear‐zones with large offsets, the contribution of processes such as channel‐flow, collapse, delamination, etc… has remained contentious. Here, based on increasing 4G (Geological, Geophysical, Geochronological, Geodetic) evidence including kinematic and timing constraints on the main mechanisms at play, we use Discrete Element (DE) Modeling to simulate and further understand the evolution of 3D strain across east Asia since the onset of collision, ≈55 Ma ago. The planar, 50 million km2, 125 km‐thick models are scaled for gravity. The approach permits mega‐fault generation and evolution without pre‐arranged initial settings. The results provide insight into fault birth, propagation and motion, as well as mountain building and plateau growth. They corroborate that continental crustal thickening across Tibet alternated with the extrusion of large blocks that rifted apart in the far field. Remarkably, without changes in boundary conditions or indentation rate, the DE model also vindicates slip reversal along initial strike‐slip shear zones.
Prolyl-tRNA synthetase as a novel therapeutic target in multiple myeloma
Authors: Kurata Keiji , James-Bott Anna , Tye Mark A. , Yamamoto Leona , Samur Mehmet K. , Tai Yu-Tzu , Dunford James , Johansson Catrine , Senbabaoglu Filiz , Philpott Martin , Palmer Charlotte , Ramasamy Karthik , Gooding Sarah , Smilova Mihaela , Gaeta Giorgia , Guo Manman , Christianson John C. , Payne N. Connor , Singh Kritika , Karagoz Kubra , Stokes Matthew E. , Ortiz Maria , Hagner Patrick , Thakurta Anjan , Cribbs Adam , Mazitschek Ralph , Hideshima Teru , Anderson Kenneth C. , Oppermann Udo
Published: January 2023

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterised by aberrant production of immunoglobulins requiring survival mechanisms to adapt to proteotoxic stress. We here show that glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (GluProRS) inhibition constitutes a novel therapeutic target. Genomic data suggest that GluProRS promotes disease progression and is associated with poor prognosis, while downregulation in MM cells triggers apoptosis. We developed NCP26, a novel ATP-competitive ProRS inhibitor that demonstrates significant anti-tumour activity in multiple in vitro and in vivo systems and overcomes metabolic adaptation observed with other inhibitor chemotypes. We demonstrate a complex phenotypic response involving protein quality control mechanisms that centers around the ribosome as an integrating hub. Using systems approaches, we identified multiple downregulated proline-rich motif-containing proteins as downstream effectors. These include CD138, transcription factors such as MYC, and transcription factor 3 (TCF3), which we establish as a novel determinant in MM pathobiology through functional and genomic validation. Our preclinical data therefore provide evidence that blockade of prolyl-aminoacylation evokes a complex pro-apoptotic response beyond the canonical integrated stress response and establish a framework for its evaluation in a clinical setting.
GWAS Explorer: an open-source tool to explore, visualize, and access GWAS summary statistics in the PLCO Atlas
Authors: Machiela Mitchell J. , Huang Wen-Yi , Wong Wendy , Berndt Sonja I. , Sampson Joshua , De Almeida Jonas , Abubakar Mustapha , Hislop Jada , Chen Kai-Ling , Dagnall Casey , Diaz-Mayoral Norma , Ferrell Mary , Furr Michael , Gonzalez Alex , Hicks Belynda , Hubbard Aubrey K. , Hutchinson Amy , Jiang Kevin , Jones Kristine , Liu Jia , Loftfield Erikka , Loukissas Jennifer , Mabie Jerome , Merkle Shannon , Miller Eric , Minasian Lori M. , Nordgren Ellen , Park Brian , Pinsky Paul , Riley Thomas , Sandoval Lorena , Saxena Neeraj , Vogt Aurelie , Wang Jiahui , Williams Craig , Wright Patrick , Yeager Meredith , Zhu Bin , Zhu Claire , Chanock Stephen J. , Garcia-Closas Montserrat , Freedman Neal D.
Published: January 2023

The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial is a prospective cohort study of nearly 155,000 U.S. volunteers aged 55–74 at enrollment in 1993–2001. We developed the PLCO Atlas Project, a large resource for multi-trait genome-wide association studies (GWAS), by genotyping participants with available DNA and genomic consent. Genotyping on high-density arrays and imputation was performed, and GWAS were conducted using a custom semi-automated pipeline. Association summary statistics were generated from a total of 110,562 participants of European, African and Asian ancestry. Application programming interfaces (APIs) and open-source software development kits (SKDs) enable exploring, visualizing and open data access through the PLCO Atlas GWAS Explorer website, promoting Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Re-usable (FAIR) principles. Currently the GWAS Explorer hosts association data for 90 traits and >78,000,000 genomic markers, focusing on cancer and cancer-related phenotypes. New traits will be posted as association data becomes available. The PLCO Atlas is a FAIR resource of high-quality genetic and phenotypic data with many potential reuse opportunities for cancer research and genetic epidemiology.
Lipidomic alterations in human saliva from cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Caterino Marianna , Fedele Roberta , Carnovale Vincenzo , Castaldo Alice , Gelzo Monica , Iacotucci Paola , Ruoppolo Margherita , Castaldo Giuseppe
Published: January 2023

Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by impaired traffic of chloride ions and water through membranes of the respiratory and gastrointestinal, that causes inadequate hydration of airway surfaces, dehydrated mucous secretions and a high-sodium chloride sweat. Although the classical presentation of the condition is well known, a better characterization of metabolic alterations related is need. In particular, the metabolic composition alterations of biological fluids may be influence by the disease state and could be captured as putative signature to set targeted therapeutic strategies. A targeted comprehensive mass spectrometry-based platform was employed to dissect the lipid content of saliva samples form CF patients, in order to investigate alterations in the lipid metabolic homeostasis related to the pathology, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa infection, pancreatic insufficiency, liver disfunction and diabetes-related complications.
An untargeted metabolomic approach to investigate antiviral defence mechanisms in memory leukocytes secreting anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in vitro
Authors: Federica Gevi , Giuseppina Fanelli , Veronica Lelli , Gianpaolo Zarletti , Massimo Tiberi , Veronica De Molfetta , Giuseppe Scapigliati , Maria Timperio Anna
Published: January 2023

Evidence shows that individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2 experience an altered metabolic state in multiple organs. Metabolic activities are directly involved in modulating immune responses against infectious diseases, yet our understanding of how host metabolism relates to inflammatory responses remains limited. To better elucidate the underlying biochemistry of the leukocyte response, we focused our analysis on possible relationships between SARS-CoV-2 post-infection stages and distinct metabolic pathways. Indeed, we observed a significant altered metabolism of tryptophan and urea cycle pathways in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained 60–90 days after infection and showing in vitro IgG antibody memory for spike-S1 antigen (n = 17). This work, for the first time, identifies metabolic routes in cell metabolism possibly related to later stages of immune defence against SARS-CoV-2 infection, namely, when circulating antibodies may be absent but an antibody memory is present. The results suggest reprogramming of leukocyte metabolism after viral pathogenesis through activation of specific amino acid pathways possibly related to protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
ST8SIA6-AS1 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progression by targeting miR-142-3p/HMGA1 axis
Authors: Feng Tianhang , Yao Yutong , Luo Le , Zou Haibo , Xiang Guangming , Wei Lingling , Yang Qinyan , Shi Ying , Huang Xiaolun , Lai Chunyou
Published: January 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) accounts for 90% of all liver cancers and is a serious health concern worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been observed to sponge microRNAs (miRNAs) and participate in the biological processes of LIHC. This study aimed to evaluate the role of the ST8SIA6-AS1-miR-142-3p-HMGA1 axis in regulating LIHC progression. RT-qPCR and western blotting were performed to determine the levels of ST8SIA6-AS1, miR-142-3p, and HMGA1 in LIHC. The relationship between ST8SIA6-AS1, miR-142-3p, and HMGA1 was assessed using luciferase assay. The role of the ST8SIA6-AS1-miR-142-3p-HMGA1 axis was evaluated in vitro using LIHC cells. Expression of ST8SIA6-AS1 and HMGA1 was significantly upregulated, whereas that of miR-142-3p was markedly lowered in LIHC specimens and cells. ST8SIA6-AS1 accelerated cell growth, invasion, and migration and suppressed apoptosis in LIHC. Notably, ST8SIA6-AS1 inhibited HMGA1 expression by sponging miR-142-3p in LIHC cells. In conclusion, sponging of miR-142-3p by ST8SIA6-AS1 accelerated the growth of cells while preventing cell apoptosis in LIHC cells, and the inhibitory effect of miR-142-3p was abrogated by elevating HMGA1 expression. The ST8SIA6-AS1-miR-142-3p-HMGA1 axis represents a potential target for the treatment of patients with LIHC.
Heat and mass flux analysis of magneto-free-convection flow of Oldroyd-B fluid through porous layered inclined plate
Authors: Riaz Muhammad Bilal , Ur Rehman Aziz , Wojciechowski Adam , Atangana Abdon
Published: January 2023

The present work examines the analytical solutions of the double duffusive magneto free convective flow of Oldroyd-B fluid model of an inclined plate saturated in a porous media, either fixed or moving oscillated with existence of slanted externally magnetic field. The phenomenon has been expressed in terms of partial differential equations, then transformed the governing equations in non-dimensional form. On the fluid velocity, the influence of different angles that plate make with vertical is studied as well as slanted angles of the electro magnetic lines with the porous layered inclined plate are also discussed, associated with thermal conductivity and constant concentration. For seeking exact solutions in terms of special functions namely Mittag–Leffler functions, G-function etc., for Oldroyd-B fluid velocity, concentration and Oldroyd-B fluid temperature, Laplace integral transformation method is used to solve the non-dimensional model. The contribution of different velocity components are considered as thermal, mass and mechanical, and analyse the impacts of these components on the fluid dynamics. For several physical significance of various fluidic parameters on Oldroyd-B fluid velocity, concentration and Oldroyd-B fluid temperature distributions are demonstrated through various graphs. Furthermore, for being validated the acquired solutions, some limiting models such as Newtonian fluid in the absence of different fluidic parameters. Moreover, the graphical representations of the analytical solutions illustrated the main results of the present work and studied various cases regarding the movement of plate.
Catalytic activities of a highly efficient cocaine hydrolase for hydrolysis of biologically active cocaine metabolites norcocaine and benzoylecgonine
Authors: Shang Linyue , Jin Zhenyu , Wei Huimei , Park Shawn , Zhan Chang-Guo , Zheng Fang
Published: January 2023

Cocaine is a widely abused, hepatotoxic drug without an FDA-approved pharmacotherapy specific for cocaine addiction or overdose. It is recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy to accelerate cocaine metabolism which can convert cocaine to pharmacologically inactive metabolite(s) using an efficient cocaine-metabolizing enzyme. Our previous studies have successfully designed and discovered a highly efficient cocaine hydrolase, denoted as CocH5-Fc(M6), capable of rapidly hydrolyzing cocaine at the benzoyl ester moiety. In the present study, we determined the kinetic parameters of CocH5-Fc(M6) against norcocaine (kcat = 9,210 min−1, KM = 20.9 μM, and kcat/KM = 1.87 × 105 min−1 M−1) and benzoylecgonine (kcat = 158 min−1, KM = 286 μM, and kcat/KM = 5.5 × 105 min−1 M−1) for the first time. Further in vivo studies have demonstrated that CocH5-Fc(M6) can effectively accelerate clearance of not only cocaine, but also norcocaine (known as a cocaine metabolite which is more toxic than cocaine itself) and benzoylecgonine (known as an unfavorable long-lasting metabolite with some long-term toxicity concerns) in rats. Due to the desired high catalytic activity against norcocaine, CocH5-Fc(M6) is capable of quickly detoxifying both cocaine and its more toxic metabolite norcocaine after intraperitoneally administering lethal dose of 60 or 180 mg/kg cocaine. In addition, the ability of CocH5-Fc(M6) to accelerate clearance of benzoylecgonine should also be valuable for the use of CocH5-Fc(M6) in treatment of cocaine use disorder.
Reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption drive bone loss in Eimeria infected broilers
Authors: Tompkins Yuguo Hou , Choi Janghan , Teng Po-Yun , Yamada Masayoshi , Sugiyama Toshie , Kim Woo Kyun
Published: January 2023

Coccidiosis is an economically significant disease in the global poultry industry, but little is known about the mechanisms of bone defects caused by coccidiosis; thus, the study focused on effects of coccidiosis on the bone homeostasis of young broiler chickens. A total of 480 male Cobb500 broilers were randomly allocated into four treatment groups, including an uninfected control consuming diet ad libitum, two infected groups were orally gavaged with two different concentrations of sporulated Eimeria oocysts, and an uninfected pair-fed group fed the same amount of feed as the high Eimeria-infected group consumed. Growth performance and feed intake were recorded, and samples were collected on 6 days post infection. Results indicated that coccidiosis increased systemic oxidative status and elevated immune response in bone marrow, suppressing bone growth rate (P < 0.05) and increasing bone resorption (P < 0.05) which led to lower bone mineral density (P < 0.05) and mineral content (P < 0.05) under Eimeria infection. With the same amount of feed intake, the uninfected pair-fed group showed a distinguished bone formation rate and bone resorption level compared with the Eimeria infected groups. In conclusion, inflammatory immune response and oxidative stress in broilers after Eimeria infection were closely associated with altered bone homeostasis, highlighting the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in broiler bone homeostasis during coccidiosis.
Non-ergodic extended regime in random matrix ensembles: insights from eigenvalue spectra
Authors: Xu Wang-Fang , Rao W. J.
Published: January 2023

The non-ergodic extended (NEE) regime in physical and random matrix (RM) models has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Formally, NEE regime is characterized by its fractal wavefunctions and long-range spectral correlations such as number variance or spectral form factor. More recently, it’s proposed that this regime can be conveniently revealed through the eigenvalue spectra by means of singular-value-decomposition (SVD), whose results display a super-Poissonian behavior that reflects the minibands structure of NEE regime. In this work, we employ SVD to a number of RM models, and show it not only qualitatively reveals the NEE regime, but also quantitatively locates the ergodic-NEE transition point. With SVD, we further suggest the NEE regime in a new RM model–the sparse RM model.
Measure and spatial identification of social vulnerability, exposure and risk to natural hazards in Japan using open data
Authors: Raduszynski Theo , Numada Muneyoshi
Published: January 2023

Understanding the location of risk to natural hazards, namely the areas of high exposure and vulnerability is a major priority that was identified by the Sendai framework for Disaster Reduction 2015–2030 in order to reach substantial reduction of disaster risk. It is also a necessary decision-making tool for disaster mitigation policy-makers in Japan and around the world. This paper successfully develops a simple methodology using only open data to build the first large-scale (whole country), fine resolution (sub-municipal level) social vulnerability analysis in the context of five different types of natural hazards (earthquake, tsunami, storm surge, flooding and landslide). The result is then compared to an indicator of exposure of population to these hazards in Japan in order to propose a representation of disaster risk. Results show that vulnerability in Japan is highly heterogeneous with urban/rural and north/south fractures. Combining the social vulnerability index with exposure analysis, results show a wide variety of spatial patterns of risk areas in Japan.
The negative association between serum albumin levels and coronary heart disease risk in adults over 45 years old: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Hou Xin-zheng , Liu En-qi , Liu Si-qi , Lv Hao , Cui Hua-feng , Han Jing
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to assess the correlation between serum albumin levels and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in adults aged over 45 years. This cross-sectional study used the non-institutionalized US population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011–2018) as the sample source. Multiple logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between serum albumin levels and CHD risk. Smooth curve fitting was performed to explore potential nonlinear relationships. When nonlinear relationships were found, a recursive algorithm was used to calculate inflection points. Additionally, a piecewise logistic regression model was constructed. After adjusting for confounders, multiple logistic regression and smooth curve fitting indicated an inverse association between serum albumin levels and CHD risk [OR = 0.970, 95% CI = (0.948, 0.992)]. Subgroup analysis revealed that the negative correlation was statistically significant in the population of female patients, over 60 years, with hypertension, without diabetes. There was a correlation between serum albumin levels and CHD risk. Lower serum albumin levels were associated with a higher CHD risk.
A Cu(II) MOF with laccase-like activity for colorimetric detection of 2,4-dichlorophenol and p-nitrophenol
Authors: Wang Baoru , Liu Peng , Hu Yixiao , Zhao Haili , Zheng Liyan , Cao Qiue
Published: January 2023

Metal–organic framework (MOF) materials with aqueous stability have a good potential application in the field of mimetic enzymes.
Phosphorescent cyclometalated platinum(ii) complexes with phenyldiazine N^C ligands
Authors: Hruzd Mariia , Kahlal Samia , le Poul Nicolas , Wojcik Laurianne , Cordier Marie , Saillard Jean-Yves , Rodríguez-López Julián , Robin-le Guen Françoise , Gauthier Sébastien , Achelle Sylvain
Published: January 2023

Pt(ii) complexes bearing phenyldiazine N^C ligands as well as chloride and azaheterocyclic ancillary ligands were successfully modified, yielding interesting luminophores with a wide range of emission color.
Sensing–transducing coupled piezoelectric textiles for self-powered humidity detection and wearable biomonitoring
Authors: Su Yuanjie , Liu Yulin , Li Weixiong , Xiao Xiao , Chen Chunxu , Lu Haijun , Yuan Zhen , Tai Huiling , Jiang Yadong , Zou Jie , Xie Guangzhong , Chen Jun
Published: January 2023

We proposed a sensing–transducing coupled strategy by embedding the high piezoresponse Sm-PMN-PT ceramic into a moisture-sensitive PEI via electrospinning to conjugate the humidity perception and signal transduction synchronously and sympatrically.
Recent advances in electrochemical deoxygenation reactions of organic compounds
Authors: Wang Yang , Xu Jia , Pan Yi , Wang Yi
Published: January 2023

This comprehensive review chronologically summarizes the visible-light-induced cascade reactions with literature coverage up to October 2022.
Synthesis of isolable β-chloroenamines from N-alkoxylactams with organometallic reagents
Authors: Takeda Norihiko , Suganuma Riku , Yasui Motohiro , Ueda Masafumi
Published: January 2023

An efficient approach to access isolable β-chloroenamines via nucleophilic addition/dehydration of α-chloro N-alkoxylactam with organolithium and Grignard reagents is reported.
Arsenene as a promising sensor for the detection of H2S: a first-principles study
Authors: Tian Yu-Ping , Wang Chao-Bo , Gong Wei-Jiang
Published: January 2023

To explore the feasibility of arsenene in detecting H2S gas, we employ the density-functional theory to investigate the geometry, electronic structure and magnetic properties of defected and doped arsenene.
Research progress of yolk–shell structured nanoparticles and their application in catalysis
Authors: Si Meiyu , Lin Feng , Ni Huailan , Wang Shanshan , Lu Yaning , Meng Xiangyan
Published: January 2023

In this review, we summarize the synthetic strategies of yolk–shell structured nanoparticles (YSNs) and their catalytic applications including chemical catalysis, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.
Continuous CO2 capture and methanation over Ni–Ca/Al2O3 dual functional materials
Authors: Li Lingcong , Wu Ziyang , Miyazaki Shinta , Toyao Takashi , Maeno Zen , Shimizu Ken-ichi
Published: January 2023

Continuous CO2 capture and reduction with H2 for the synthesis of CH4 was investigated using a double reactor system over Al2O3-supported Ni–Ca dual functional materials in the presence of O2.
Synthesis of 2-iminothiazolidin-4-ones via copper-catalyzed [2 + 1 + 2] tandem annulation
Authors: Zhao Mingming , Guo Yiming , Wang Qi , Liu Lanqi , Zhang Shujie , Guo Wei , Wu Lin-Ping , Qiu Fayang G.
Published: January 2023

In this paper, an efficient synthesis of 2-iminothiazolidin-4-ones through a copper-catalyzed tandem annulation reaction of alkyl amines, isothiocyanates and diazo acetates is presented.
Supramolecular structure, relaxation behavior and free volume of bio-based poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)-block-poly(caprolactone) copolyesters
Authors: Paszkiewicz Sandra , Irska Izabela , Zubkiewicz Agata , Walkowiak Konrad , Rozwadowski Zbigniew , Dryzek Jerzy , Linares Amelia , Nogales Aurora , Ezquerra Tiberio A.
Published: January 2023

A fully plant-based sustainable copolyester series, poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate)-block-poly(caprolactone)s, were successfully synthesized by melt polycondensation combining butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate with polycaprolactone diol at different weight ratios.
Anisotropic phonon dispersion and optoelectronic properties of few-layer HfS2
Authors: Muhammad Zahir , Wali Faiz , Hussain Ghulam , Islam Rajibul , Ullah Sami , Wu Peng , Khan Firoz , Autieri Carmine , Zhang Yue , Alshahrani Thamraa , Zhao Weisheng
Published: January 2023

Few layer HfS2flakes are studied by temperature, excitation and polarization-dependent Raman spectroscopy. In contrast, the fabricated device shows considerable photodetection properties under light laser power illumination.
Rational design of a flexible inorganic composite membrane with an interconnected porous structure as a high-performance lithium ion capacitor electrode
Authors: Li Xingsheng , Yin Zhen-Hao , Hou Yue , Yin Chengri , Yin Zhenxing
Published: January 2023

The synergistic effect of multiple components (Cu, Cu2O and CuO) in CuxONWs and the high bonding strength between the three materials in a CGA membrane anode markedly improve the capacitance and cycling performance of lithium-ion capacitors.
Variational problems concerning sub-Finsler metrics in Carnot
groups
Authors: Essebei Fares , Pasqualetto Enrico
Published: January 2023

This paper is devoted to the study of geodesic distances defined on a subdomain of a given Carnot group, which are bounded both from above and from below by fixed multiples of the Carnot–Carathéodory distance. We show that the uniform convergence (on compact sets) of these distances can be equivalently characterized in terms of Γ-convergence of several kinds of variational problems. Moreover, we investigate the relation between the class of intrinsic distances, their metric derivatives and the sub-Finsler convex metrics defined on the horizontal bundle.