bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF THE EU: THE CONTENT OF MODERN REFORMS
Authors:   Institute of Agrarian Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Burlakov V.B.
Published: January 2022

The last three or four decades in the EU countries have been marked by a noticeable increase in the role of agricultural cooperatives in solving many economic and social problems. However, in their development, cooperatives face new challenges, which are caused by the growth of global threats and risks, the tightening of competition, the more frequent manifestations of unfair partnership in business. These circumstances force cooperatives to quickly adapt to the rapidly changing external environment, to restructure their organizational form in the direction of increasing its flexibility in order to increase market stability. There is an increasing trend towards further concentration of production, as a result of which large cooperatives of national and regional scale are formed. In the conditions of increasing competition (and, often, conducting competition by unfair methods), as well as the constant statements of the European Commission about the need to exempt cooperative activities from state support, more and more cooperatives are going to revise the "classical" principles of cooperation. The evidence of this is: the rejection of the principle of "one member of the cooperative – one vote" in favor of proportional voting; participation in the management and control bodies of the cooperative, as well as in its economic activities of persons who are not its members; attraction of external investors as co-owners; use of shares, individualization of available funds, participation in operations on the stock exchange. Such cooperatives are more focused on entrepreneurial activity and, often, they are more effective. However, at the same time, their role in serving social goals decreases. According to the author, the introduction of a significant part of the mentioned innovations into the practice of domestic agricultural cooperatives at the present time may compromise this form, which has not yet found sufficient recognition among the majority of the rural population. When making decisions at the general meeting, the principle of equality of votes of all members should remain unshakable, while the management bodies of the cooperative (the management board, the chairman, the supervisory board) should be elected only from its members. Otherwise, the equality of the members is violated, and the cooperative will not be able to fully serve their interests. In any case, in modern Russian conditions, when deciding on the inclusion in regulatory legal acts of provisions on new elements of the organization of cooperative activities, it is necessary to proceed from the degree of their compliance with traditional cooperative values.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF OPERATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL BLOCKS IN THE LOGISTICS SYSTEM OF THE CITY'S HOUSING COMPLEX
Authors:   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarina Yu.A., Bashirzade R.R. , Petrova L.N. ,   Volga Cooperative Institute (branch) of Russian University of Cooperation, Elistratova N.N. ,   Volga Cooperative Institute (branch) of Russian University of Cooperation
Published: January 2022

Currently, the housing complex of cities is influenced by two trends. On the one hand, construction companies offer elite housing for wealthy residents of the city, and on the other hand, dense construction of residential areas with a high concentration of affordable housing for people with modest incomes is proceeding at a high pace. The growth rate of housing construction is stable and has been practically unaffected by sanctions and the pandemic. The basis for the sustainability of the pace of housing construction in the country has become state programs and state support measures aimed at improving the quality of life of people. Today there are 1117 cities in Russia, each of which differs in many parameters and characteristics, which implies individual approaches not only to housing development, but also to the needs of the population living in them. The share of the urban population in Russia at the beginning of 2020 was 74.7% [1]. Modern cities are experiencing difficulties in solving the issues of life support for their residents. The organization of life support for the city's housing complex is generally standard, taking into account the key functions of the municipality, and has significant differences determined by its qualitative characteristics and the density of logistics flows, which should be taken into account by the appropriate logistics system. Therefore, the purpose and purpose of urban logistics is: to meet the needs of its residents; rational organization of material and social flows in space and time, ensuring the maximum orientation of all production and economic activities of municipal enterprises to meet the needs of the population. The logistics of the city, municipal logistics, determines the formation of the logistics supporting infrastructure of its housing complex on the basis of the integration of all logistics flows in order to optimize them and minimize costs, release resources to improve the quality of life and improve the urban environment. The construction of the logistics of the city's housing complex should be based on the interconnection of operational and commercial blocks, which will lead to minimizing costs and increasing the quality of meeting the needs of city residents.
ANALYSIS OF THE LEGISLATION OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC REGULATING BANKING ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Kyrgyz Economic University named after M. Ryskulbekov, Abdukadyrova G. T. , Bakas Uulu B. ,   Kyrgyz State Technical University named after I. Razzakov, Bishkek
Published: January 2022

Risk management is high on the agendas of practitioners, academics and the business community and is on the rise as it improves organizational performance and creates value for shareholders. Right risk plays an essential role in risk management in the banking system. First, a higher degree of legal protection for both lenders and borrowers has a positive effect on efficiency in the banking sector. Second, there is a positive relationship between compliance with laws and the performance of financial institutions. Third, better regulation has a positive effect on the commercial banks themselves. The distinction between the legal protections offered to investors and len- ders is important in understanding why companies’ financing structures differ from country to country. The legal and financial literature demonstrates the importance of the link between the legal system, investor protection and capital market development. Currently, the banking system of the Kyrgyz Republic (KR) is one of the main successfully developing sectors of the economy. At the same time, the legal basis of banking is the most volatile and flexible area of the legal system, since it comes from various sources - mainly from the regulatory legal acts of the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic, which in turn are based on international banking standards. The introduction of new banking pro- ducts is associated with the adoption of new standards and changes in existing regulatory legal acts. In this regard, the article analyzes the legal framework governing the activities of commercial banks in the republic.
ABOUT INCOMES AND PRICES AS THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE WELFARE OF RUSSIAN CITIZENS
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Kosmin A. D. , Kosmina E. A. ,   Omsk Humanitarian Academy, Molchanov K. V. ,   Omsk State Technical University
Published: January 2022

The article is inspired by the declared excessive optimism of the adherents of the Higher School of Economics about the successful passage of the crisis in modern Russia for the first time in the post-Soviet period, optimism that causes Cartesian doubts. If, for example, we consider the dynamics of the basic foundation – the Russian economy, then its growth potential, even according to official Rosstat data, was exhausted back in 2008, which caused a chronic decline in disposable income of the population. of course, we will support the optimists, Russia has been in a crisis since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic in a more favorable position compared to countries with more deve- loped economies «due to» the deformed structure compared to the Soviet period of the national economy, its raw materials orientation. There are very few reasons for optimism, if we take into account the art of Rosstat, as servants of two «masters– - the government and the people, to underestimate the scale of the fall in the real sector of the economy, rising prices and, what is very important and alarming for households, inflation rates, especially food, according to national statistics, exceeding 20% year-on-year. Statistics, the authors believe, should be independent and therefore Rosstat should be reassigned to the State Duma. Neither is the direction in which Russia is moving, the direction indicated by teachers from the International Monetary Fund/ IMF/ and other global organizations, encouraging. For which the country deserves their generous praise. A number of conditions imposed on Russia and recommendations of the IMF are being considered, including a reduction in the number of Russian banks, inflation targe- ting, a flexible exchange rate and the so-called budget rule, a possible further increase in the retirement age, etc. The article analyzes the current socio-economic reality in Russia, adequately reflected in quantifiable macroeconomic, social and demographic indicators, significantly «undermined” by the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. The dynamics of the growth of prices and incomes of the population (who “ran faster” from 2013 to 2020 and why) are presented as the main arguments of the welfare function of the country’s population. The underlying causes of the record price growth in Russia for socially significant food products are revealed and the main directions of not only their taming, but also their stabilization and even reduction are substantiated.
FEATURES OF REALIZATION THROUGH MARKETPLACES IN THE CONDITIONS OF CRISIS
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management «NINH», Kharlamova I. Yu.
Published: January 2022

The mode of self-isolation changed traditional approach to sales and promotion of goods and services. Its introduction led to the sharp growth of Internet shopping and pushed the market to development of new services. Marketplace where seek to place the goods and services even large players became the most fast-growing segment. In 2020 a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises for the first time left in online, and the existing Internet sel- lers expanded sales channels due to placement on marketplace. Marketplace became «bridge» between suppliers and buyers, they allowed to facilitate and secure transactions between them. At first sight, the benefit is obvious to all participants. For buyers – it is saving of time and monetary means, the wide range of goods and sel- lers, comfort. For the seller – a constant, mass flow of buyers, reduction (absence) of expenses on logistics, warehousing, advance and so forth. However, lately even more often to sound dissa- tisfied statements from representatives of small and medium business to marketplace. Statistics shows that marketplace develop, work on increase in traffic and popularity, but at the same time toughen conditions for suppliers and cooperation for them becomes less favorable. In article main types of marketplace, the main advantages to all subjects of activity and difficulty which sellers meet with work with marketplace are considered. In article the state and the prospects of development of marketplace in the world and Russia which demonstrate rapid development of Internet trade and high efficiency of this form of business are considered.
SOME FEATURES OF MODERN ECONOMIC REGIONALIZATION: GLOBAL AND NATIONAL ASPECT
Authors:   Baikal State University, Bagainikov M. L.
Published: January 2022

The regionalization process is continuous and proceeds under the influence of many factors, both external and internal. The existing regional economic systems, due to the strengthening of global interaction, are seriously affected in the economic, cultural and ideological spheres. This article examines a number of aspects that determine the intensification of international and domestic regionalization. Currently, there is a clear tendency for the formation of supranational regions on the global geo-economic map, which gives reason to speak of the emergence of a new spatial structured formation - global regions, which Geographically, the subjects of global regions can be located at a considerable distance from each other, however, the presence of common spaces (cultural, civilizational, informatio- nal, etc.), the supranational nature and the presence of transnational networks allow us to speak of such regions as rather homogeneous econo- mic structures. It is noted that in Russia the state pays too much attention to the issues of political control over the regions, often to the detriment of their economic development, that is, there is an insufficiently high efficiency of management of economic processes taking place in the regions, due to a weak understanding of the cent- ral bureaucracy about the features of certain territories, determining the directions of their socio-economic development, focusing on political loyalty. It was also noted that the peculiarities of the geospace of Russia are the heterogeneity of the «large space of Russia», the dominance of vertical ties over horizontal ones, the undeveloped strategic territories, the focal character of the developed and inhabited territories.
Produção do Conhecimento sobre Políticas Públicas de Lazer no Brasil
Authors: Neca Bruno David Rodrigues , Santana Daniella Tschöke , Rechia Simone
Published: January 2022

A produção acadêmica no campo do Lazer é uma área de conhecimento que contribui para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas. Assim, este artigo como objetivo investigar a produção científica sobre Políticas Públicas de Lazer, no contexto brasileiro, a partir de uma base de dados multidisciplinar. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática e análise bibliométrica, a partir do repositório digital Scopus (Elsevier) e o programa VOSViewer para análise. Constatou-se que as principais pesquisas e periódicos no campo selecionado, na área das Ciências Sociais, são derivadas do subcampo da Educação Física. De maneira geral, os artigos que tratam do subtema categorizado “programas” de lazer, discutem sobre as desinvestimento e descontinuidades em tais políticas públicas; e sugerem mais investimento na formação dos agentes, em todo ciclo político, ampliando a compreensão do lazer na política e na sociedade.
Upaya Guru dalam Melestarikan Nilai Kebudayaan Lokal Melalui Mata Pelajaran IPS Tahun 2019/2020
Authors: Yusriya Itsna
Published: January 2022

Abstract
Culture is a complex whole that contains knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, customary law and other abilities, and habits acquired by humans as members of society. The creation of culture is inseparable from the process of social interaction between individuals, groups, or individuals and groups. Social interaction is the most real reality in human life. The purpose of this study is to describe the efforts of teachers in preserving local cultural values ??through social studies subjects in MTs Kebunrejo, Banyuwangi Regency and describing teachers' efforts to internalize local cultural values ??through social studies in MTs Kebunrejo Banyuwangi Regency. This study employs a qualitative approach descriptive research. Data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation. And the validity of the data was done by triangulation of sources and triangulation of techniques. The results of the study show that teachers efforts in preserving local cultural values ??in MTs Kebunrejo is through the learning process in the classroom which includes three stages of activity namely the preparation phase, the implementation phase and the evaluation phase. Teachers efforts in internalizing local culture in MTs Kebunrejo that is by incorporating local culture through learning material being taught and involving students in cultural events such as dancing gandrung dances in festivals in the districts and districts as well as participating in cultural activities in schools.
ANALISIS KEWENANGAN BAWASLU KABUPATEN JEMBER DALAM MENANGANI PELANGGARAN PEMILIHAN BUPATI DAN WAKIL BUPATI TAHUN 2020 DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Hastuti Dwi , Anwar Wildan Rofikil
Published: January 2022

The 2020 elections, including the electoral of Regent and Deputy Regent of Jember Regency, are different from the electoral in the previous year because of the COVID-19 pandemic that created many challenges in election supervision, especially the handling of election violations. Therefore, This study aims to determine the role and constraints of Bawaslu in handling violations of the election of regents and deputy regents during the covid 19 pandemic. This research uses a qualitative type with a case study approach. And data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and documentation. The study found that the Jember Regency Bawaslu does its authority based on Act No. 7 of 2017, Act No. 10 of 2016. And Regulation of Bawaslu No 8 of 2020. The Jember Regency Bawaslu supervises the implementation of the election and also makes efforts to prevent violations in the election of the Regent and Deputy Regent in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. But there are still various violations:  one case of criminal offenses, two cases of administrative violations, one case of the code of ethics violation, and four cases of  health protocols violations. Obstacles of handling violations of the election are the content of the Bawaslu Regulation No. 8 of 2020, and structural obstacles are inadequate human resources and disagreements in the Gakkumdu center, cultural obstacles are money politics culture, nepotism culture, and patron clients culture.The 2020 elections, including the electoral of Regent and Deputy Regent of Jember Regency, are different from the electoral in the previous year because of the COVID-19 pandemic that created many challenges in election supervision, especially the handling of election violations. Therefore, This study aims to determine the role and constraints of Bawaslu in handling violations of the election of regents and deputy regents during the covid 19 pandemic. This research uses a qualitative type with a case study approach. And data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and documentation. The study found that the Jember Regency Bawaslu does its authority based on Act No. 7 of 2017, Act No. 10 of 2016. And Regulation of Bawaslu No 8 of 2020. The Jember Regency Bawaslu supervises the implementation of the election and also makes efforts to prevent violations in the election of the Regent and Deputy Regent in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. But there are still various violations:  one case of criminal offenses, two cases of administrative violations, one case of the code of ethics violation, and four cases of  health protocols violations. Obstacles of handling violations of the election are the content of the Bawaslu Regulation No. 8 of 2020, and structural obstacles are inadequate human resources and disagreements in the Gakkumdu center, cultural obstacles are money politics culture, nepotism culture, and patron clients culture.
PHYSICS TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF PRACTICES AND METHODS OF TEACHING IN THE MOROCCAN MIDDLE SCHOOL: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Raissouni Mohammed Rabih , Abid Mohammed , Chakir El Mahjoub
Published: January 2022

The article describes the observed teaching practices implemented by the physics teachers in teaching the concepts of electricity in the Moroccan middle school, particularly the concepts of electric current intensity (I) and voltage (U), compares them with the teaching methods, puts in place with the recommended official programs, and reveals some difficulties in implementing these teaching methods. The choice of the school period and concepts is justified by the importance of this period in teaching the fundamental concepts of the physical sciences and by the fact that those concepts of electricity are particularly abstract and complex. This exploratory study was based on the direct classroom observations as well as on the results of a pre–direct observation survey and semi-structured interviews carried out after these observations with a sample of six middle school physics teachers, conducted in three Moroccan middle schools, enabling to figure out the teaching methods and practices of these concepts, and using descriptive statistical research methods. The results show that the didactic methods and pedagogical practices used by all the sample teachers are far from those recommended in the official programs. Furthermore, they do not know precisely these pronounced methods. The physics teachers’ attributed this gap to shortage of time, overcrowding, and the lack of autonomy pupils need. The difficulties encountered by teachers are related mainly to communication problems that aggravate the lack of time and influence their didactic choices, the concept itself, and the unavailability of practical work sessions.
NEW GENERALIZATION OF YOUNG’S INEQUALITY FOR THREE INTEGRAL TERMS
Authors: Manuharawati  , Jakfar Muhammad , Savitri Dian
Published: January 2022

We know that in functional analysis, there is an inequality that is very well known, important, and very applicable. This inequality is Young's inequality. This inequality can also give birth to other well-known inequalities such as Holder’s inequality, Murkowski’s inequality, average inequality, etc. So many researchers are interested in discussing these inequalities. Many mathematicians try to improve these inequalities, reverse these inequalities, and infrequently generalize these inequalities. However, of all the generalizations of Young's inequality (in integral form) that have been produced, all of them are in the form of the sum of two integral terms. Through a literature study, in this note, we aim to obtain a new generalization of Young's inequality in the form of the sum of more than two integral terms, in particular, three integral terms. Then from the resulting generalization form, we will also construct the inverse. The results of this study are theorems that present a new generalization of Young's inequality for three integral terms and the reverse of a new generalization of Young's inequality for three integral terms. The theorems have been accompanied by their proofs so that the truth of these theorems can be accepted logically and systematically. From these results, it can be concluded that a new generalization of Young's inequality has been found and has a different form from the previous one. It is hoped that wider applications will be obtained with this new generalization.
DECOMPOSER ACTIVITIES OF EUDRILUS EUGENIAE, EISENIA FETIDA, AND LUMBRICUS RUBELLUS: QUALITY OF MUSHROOM WASTE SUBSTRATE VERMICOMPOST
Authors: Purnawanto Agus Mulyadi , Ahadiyat Yugi R. , Iqbal Achmad , Tamad
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to analyze the vermicompost quality of mushroom substrate waste (without other substrates) produced by Lumbricus rubellus, Eisenia fetida, and Eudrilus eugeniae worms. The chemical quality of vermicompost was analyzed using the Kjeldahl and 25% HCl extraction and measured by spectrophotometer and flame photometer. Meanwhile, the biological quality was analyzed using the Total Plate Count, Nelson-Somogyi, and Most Probability Number (MPN) methods. Vermicompost's chemical and biological quality was compared with the compost quality standards in Indonesia and abroad. The results showed that the levels of N+P2O5+K2O, micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn), and heavy metals (Pb and Cd) in vermicompost were 5.9%, 0.95-27.5 ppm, and < 0.25 ppm, respectively. The levels of N+P2O5+K2O are by the quality standards of compost in Indonesia, Tanzania, the Philippines, and Thailand; the micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn) are by the means in Indonesia. The heavy metals (Pb and Cd) levels meet the applicable standards in Indonesia, England, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Canada, and the USA. The contents of E. coli, N-fixing microbes, and phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM) in vermicompost were < 26.5 MPN g-1, 1.00' 105 - 31.00' 105 cfu g-1, and 0.40' 105 - 39.00' 105 cfu g-1, following the applicable standards in Indonesia and Europe (E. coli with a maximum of 1000 MPN g-1 and the number of N-fixing microbes and PSM of at least 1.00' 105 cfu g-1).
POST-DISASTER POLICIES AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC RECOVERY BASED ON LOCAL COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT (A CASE STUDY IN LOMBOK, INDONESIA)
Authors: Rifai  , Hakim Abdul , Sarwono  , Rozikin Mochammad , Riyadi Bambang Slamet
Published: January 2022

This research aims to understand post-disaster recovery, including rehabilitation and reconstruction programs in Indonesia at the ontological and sociological levels. The problem is very interesting to be analyzed by conducting qualitative research based on public policy theory and power theory. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed by using interactive models are data reduction, data display, data verification, and supported by triangulation. The results were based on ontological and sociological levels using public policy perspectives and power perspectives to develop a proposed model on post-disaster recovery for improving policy and practice of post-disaster recovery. A proposed model for managing post-disaster recovery is needed for providing information to stakeholders related to the regulations in post-disaster recovery. This result provides inputs for making better regulations on post-disaster recovery in Indonesia for state agencies as public officials and practitioners.
THE EFFECT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND WORK MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WITH JOB SATISFACTION AS A MEDIATION VARIABLE
Authors: Lasiny Delfy Asynur , Astuti Endang Siti , Utami Hamidah Nayati
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of transformational leadership style, motivation, job satisfaction on employee performance. This study tested seven hypotheses: (1) Transformational leadership influences job satisfaction; (2) Work motivation influences job satisfaction; (3) The transformational leadership style directly influences employee performance; (4) Work motivation directly influences employee performance; (5) Job satisfaction influences employee performance; (6) The transformational leadership style directly influences employee performance through job satisfaction; (7) Work motivation directly influences employee performance through job satisfaction. This study took a sample of 80 respondents from permanent employees of Bank BNI Branch of Universitas Brawijaya. While the data analysis techniques used are descriptive analysis, factor analysis, and path analysis. The conclusions of this study are: (1) there is a significant effect of transformational leadership style on job satisfaction; (2) there is a significant effect between work motivation on job satisfaction; (3) there is a significant effect between transformational leadership style on employee performance; (4) there is a significant effect between work motivation on employee performance; (5) there is a significant effect between job satisfaction on employee performance; (6) transformational leadership style has an indirect and significant effect on employee performance through job satisfaction; (7) Work motivation has an indirect and significant effect on employee performance through job satisfaction. Some of the suggestions submitted are that the transformational leadership style is carried out properly and improved so that a harmonious relationship is established between the leadership and employees, increasing employee motivation. Later the company will get results in the form of improving employee performance. Company leaders should always strive to increase work motivation to increase job satisfaction by paying attention to various employee needs.
Non-Academic Theories in Historical Linguistics and Nationalist
Imagination in Europe (Problems of Coexistence and Mutual Influences)
Authors: Kirchanov Maksim
Published: January 2022

The author analyzes the Paleolithic Continuity Theory and Neolithic creolization hypothesis as two approaches with a controversial reputation in the modern academic historical and linguistic communities. The author analyzes the main provi-

sions of the the Paleolithic Continuity Theory and Neolithic creolization hypothesis in the contexts of intellectual history and history of these ideas. Proponents of the analyzed theories deny and criticize the main archaeological and linguistic theories regarding the problems of the history of Old Europe, including the migration of Indo-Europeans and the processes of Indo-Europeanization of Europe. They insist on the autochthonous nature of the Indo-Europeans imagining Europe as their historical ancestral home and denying the fact of their migration

from the territory of the alleged ancestral home.

The Neolithic Creolization hypothesis is a compromise version of non-academic discourse; it synthesizes advocates’ ideas of autochthonism and migration of Indo-Europeans. Concepts of Paleolithic Continuity and Neolithic creolization became too popular among European right-wing intellectuals who synthesized them with the values and principles of nationalism and contributed to the academicization of nationalist imagination.
Swiss F.I. Yaggi as the Perfect Executive Manager of the Noble Estate in the Post-Reform Period
Authors: Tikhonova Anastasiya
Published: January 2022

Based on published and archival sources, the biography of I.F. Yaggi, a Swiss businessman, is reconstructed in the article. He came to the Russian Empire in the late 1850s and worked as a cheese maker and cattle breeder in the estates of Kaluga, and

then Smolensk Governorates. From 1878 to 1903 F.I. Yaggi was manager of the estate belonged to Princess E.P. Urusova in Masalovo (Mosalovo, Mosolovo) in the Vyazem-

sky district of Smolensk Governorate. Like many of his compatriots, Yaggi was not a landowner, he rented the estate.

The article provides examples of Yaggi’s skillful housekeeping. An analysis of the reports of local and capital exhibitions shows that Simmental cattle, crops, Russian-Swiss cheese from Masalovo received awards and gained high appreciation of experts.

Due to his business reputation, Yaggi managed to become a cattle supplier from Switzerland by orders of the Department of Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture of the

Russian Empire. The Smolensk estate was mentioned as exemplary in publications at the national level. After the death of the children and his wife, Yaggi returned to his

homeland. The article contains information about F.I. Yaggi’s nephew, who also worked for a long time as a cheese maker in Smolensk Governorate.
«The Right Deviation» in Soviet Land Institutions of Smolensk
in the 1928–1929s
Authors: Kuznetsov Maksim
Published: January 2022

In 1929 Smolensk Party has been shaken because of disclosed «Smolensk scandal». «The Disclosure» measures touched almost every Party’s department and Soviet official branch.

Considering that main critics of Provincial government concerned violation of the class policy in the village, it is hardly surprising that inspecting institutions observed the situation in land institutions including those located in the centre of the

governorate (oblast) – the city of Smolensk.

Smolensk Governorate was agrarian region, so it had to keep up the pace of collectivization demonstrating at the same time stable results of growth in cultivation

of seed, flax and hemp. However, by 1928 the village faced real evidence of a crisis. The number of people’s migration to farms was dramatic. It led to fragmentation of peasants’ holdings of small size. Such a situation made no chance to succeed in

kolkhoz (sovkhoz) formation and consequently in increasing grain procurements As a result of disclosed «Smolensk scandal» and subsequent purge, inspectors turned their attention to the land institutions of the governorate (later – oblast),

because facts exposed obvious curvature of the Party’s policy and class approach. At the same time, inspectors had to find out if the curvature was caused by a blind execution of Provincial government commands or it was straight sabotage and a

mark of «The Right Deviation» in reality.

Even People’s Commissariat for Agriculture turned its attention to the «right cases» taking place at different levels of the land institutions. Purges and inspections

of the land institutions of Smolensk have been proceeded in 1928, 1929, and 1930. A closer study of records disclosed widespread abuses.
Linguistic Representation of V.G. Belinsky’s Value Priorities
(Based on Aphoristics)
Authors: Korolkova Angelika
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the aphoristic heritage of V.G. Belinsky.

V.G. Belinsky’s name and his concept of «real art» are objectively considered nowadays within the history of literature of the 19th century. In his numerous works Belinsky developed the theoretical foundations of Russian realism proposed the principle of a new «real» aesthetics; in fact, he created a program

of contemporary art. In the corpus of Russian aphoristics, V.G. Belinsky’s sayings occupy a special place showing in synchrony a person’s ideological attitudes in the first half of the 19th century.

Belinsky’s sayings about criticism are widely known in Russian literature, but his aphorisms are not only about art, they are about the theory and history of literature, language, although it undoubtedly forms the ideological basis of the conceptual picture of the world, but also about love, family, friendship, the value

of human life, etc. V.G. Belinsky’s aphoristics, representing his linguistic picture of the world, also reflects his conceptual picture of the world. Belinsky’s aphorisms are

connected with the historical context of the epoch. They reflect it in synchrony, which suggests that extralinguistics seriously determined his value priorities. Belinsky, being one of the representatives of the Russian democratic intelligentsia of the first half of the 19th century, became an exponent of the moral

values of the Russian democratic society of his era. Belinsky’s aphorisms represent his value paradigm based on the life-affirming concepts of man (citizen), society, Motherland, the Russian language, love, and life.
Associates «Character» and «Nature»: Text Links with Deep Artistic and Psychological Characteristics of the Narrator’s Image in «Poor Lisa» by N.M. Karamzin
Authors: Krasnova Olga
Published: January 2022

The study material in the article is the story «Poor Liza» by N.M. Karamzin. The subject includes the key word «character» and the key concept «nature» acting as the narrator’s explicated associates. The research purpose is to establish and analyze textual links (text signs) of the associative level with deep artistic psychological characteristics of the narrator’s image in the aspect of artistic-psychological sense generation, as well as to identify methods of activating the reader’s attention and creating an emotional response. The interdisciplinary research has been carried out at the junction of the psychological direction of literary criticism, communicative stylistics and psy-

chology. The mechanism of representation of the narrator’s value ideas, attitudes and beliefs is traced through 1) «multi-layered» associations concerning the system of his views. They are revealed through the artistic-psychological intercon-

nectedness and interdependence of the story characters; 2) a supporting element of the associative chain, as well as polysemy of the word-associate, superposition of meanings, semantic pulsation, inclusion in various artistic-psychological con-

texts implemented in the course of associative explication; 3) a dominant content of the associates, which is different for the characters and serves as an artisticpsychological basis for the formation of the narrator’s associations between them and their text fragments; 4) a structural-semantic construction of an associative chain related to one character, but containing representatives related to another character, which reveals the narrator’s perception of both characters. The results of the study carried out in this article can be used in research and teaching activities, 18th century literature courses, textbooks, special course programs.
About the Kaleidoscopicity of the «Confrontation» Concept in Discursive and Cultural Practices (Based on the German Language)
Authors: Trishina Mariya
Published: January 2022

Within the framework of world globalization, weakening of the position of monolingualism and appearance of bi- and multilingualism, there is a need for the formation of new interdisciplinary directions studying the problem of «con-

frontation» of different languages in a particular territory.

The study demonstrates the interaction of such scientific areas as emotive linguoecology and migration linguistics. On their theoretical basis we analyze linguistic means representing the kaleidoscopic nature of the «opposition» concept. The concept and its components are described from the perspective of four discourses: political, police, journalistic and musical. The article determines the main projections of the confrontation discourse, key subjects and objects presented in conflict situations.
People’s Houses as Centers of Cultural and Educational Work
on the Eve of the Revolution and the First Years of Soviet Power
(Based on the Western Region of Russia)
Authors: Kozlov Oleg
Published: January 2022

The article deals the process of creating people’s houses as centers of educational and cultural work for the adult population in the provinces (at the beginning of the 20th century and the first years of Soviet Power). The research is based on

archival sources The article considers the role of the public, government and party structure representatives in the organization of out-of-school education. It is noted that indi-

vidual landowners, representatives of zemstvo, organizers of cooperatives are initiators of people’s houses creation in the pre-revolutionary period. They could use cer-

tain financial resources for that purpose. The author notes that in the early years of Soviet Power, the workers themselves played a special role in organizing various local cultural and educational institutions. They themselves, without any instructions

from above, participated in prepairing and conducting mass cultural and propaganda events. Subsequently, the element of spontaneous organization of people’s houses gradually began to be replaced by planned work under the control of local

party and Soviet governing authorities. The article shows the dynamics of growth in the number of people’s houses

and other cultural institutions of the Western region of the RSFSR in the 1918–1921s. The author cites data according to which in the middle of 1921 there were 235 people’s houses in the Smolensk Governorate alone. Libraries, reading rooms, drama, art, music studios and various clubs worked there
Between the Rear and the Front. Smolensk Railway Workers, Home Front Workers of the Great Patriotic War
Authors: Semenov Sergey
Published: January 2022

he present article is devoted to Smolensk railwaymen’s career ladder in the 1941–1945s, their involvement in the evacuation, partisian struggle, fighting and restoration of the national economy. In addition, we consider the practice of award-

ing railway workers with medals «For Valorous Labor in the Great Patriotic War, 1941–1945».

The author of the article has set a goal to reconstruct the history of Smolensk railwaymen’s participation in the war on the basis of regional documents and to analyse their recognition as home front workers. The source database includes documents of the State Archive of Smolensk Oblast (funds of the Smolensk Regional Executive Committee and the Western Railway); documents of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense and the State Archive of the Russian Federation, that are published in the electronic database «Feat of the People»; materials of the history of railways in the Smolensk region during the war. The author has studied a large array of documents on awarding medals; service documents; correspondence on awarding issues.

The article analyzes the railway workers’ military and labor path during the war, as well as awarding them with medals.

The study demonstrates the role of Smolensk railway workers in achieving Victory and restoring the national economy. Moreover, the author has studied the circle of railway workers who were recognized as home front workers after the war

and were awarded with medals. The author believes that railway workers are the most prominent category of home front workers in the Smolensk region. They largely contributed to the success

of military operations and the restoration of the national economy in the region. It is concluded that the majority of railway workers who worked in the frontline areas were awarded with two main war medals, which is a unique case for a specific Soviet industry.
Spiritual Heritage as the Basis of Russian Civilizational Identity
Authors: Bogatchikova Karina , Vostrikov Sergey
Published: January 2022

This article examines psychohistorical and ideological aspects of origin, formation and transformation of the system of spiritual and value orientations and ideals that form the basis of the socio-cultural code of Russian unique civilization in the rapidly changing world. The article is devoted to the analysis of a national system of basic moral values of Russia and the Russians, that has been formed over millennia, which, despite all the conflicts in history has stood the test of time, although it has un-

dergone serious deformations. In the course of comparative-historical comparative analysis concerning the history of Russian unique civilization formation, the article reveals features of Russian spirituality further development.

The circumstances of the modern period make it vital to preserve the national historical heritage, strengthen spiritual foundations, protect the Russian language and literature from decay, preserve the people’s identity «matrix», a cultural code of our civilization, the system of life-affirming ideals and values laid down by our ancestors millenniums ago. As a result, they have adapted it to the changing conditions of life.
The Concept of Good in Boris Vasilyev’s Works
Authors: Radionova Alla
Published: January 2022

The article considers a metatext formed from the contexts of different B. Vasilyev’s works with the nuclear concept of «good». It is concluded that he reveals the concept of the opposition of the true good and its imitation. The first is a natural need, it is not subject to measurement, but performed uncontrollably,

spontaneously and realized without a specially set goal in a natural way in everyday human life: in caring for parents, children, home, friends, neighbors. The idea of it comes from the external natural world, artistic creativity, the experience

of ancestors preserved in folklore. It slowly matures in a person, developing his / her ability to sacrifice, manifests itself in creating benefits for others, it unites people, combines with wisdom, compassion, and cheerfulness. False good is worse than evil. It is an artificial construction of consciousness, it is measured out of necessity, controlled, implemented in specially orga-

nized, planned actions for the purpose of extracting good. The idea of it is a product of corrupted human consciousness. Like a contagious disease, it is perceived by the individual in the form of petty-bourgeois social cliches, a set of ready-made

formulas for philistine happiness and manifests itself in the production of good for oneself, separating people and combining with cunning. It can be sold and exchanged as a commodity.

In the manifestations of the truly good, cheerfulness and tragic sufferingare brought together as much as possible. This creates a high level of tension in the plot action, thanks to which the line separating the true good and its imitation most clearly emerges.
The Effect of Inlet Notch Variations on Turbine Speed in Pico-hydro Power Plants
Authors: Zakariz Naufal Praska , Anggara Trisna Nugraha
Published: January 2022

Energy is an important element in the continuity of human activities. Indonesia has the potential to produce 94.3GigaWatt of electricity in the hydropower sector, but only a few can be utilized, which is only 4.2GigaWatt [1]. This study aims to utilize renewable energy that has not been utilized optimally, especially in Indonesia. This study exploits the potential of water flow from the Coban Wonoasri River, Bangun Village, Munjungan District, Trenggalek Regency which has a low head but has a fairly heavy discharge. The basin cone for making vortex flow has a canal length of 1450mm, a canal width of 231.5mm, and a canal height of 500mm with a basin cone diameter of 560mm, a basin cone height of 700mm, and a water outlet diameter of 90mm. A vortex turbine with a diameter of 270mm and a height of 210mm with a total of 8 blades, a blade curvature of 30°, and a blade tilt of 22.5° was used for research on this low head river. The inlet notch variations that will be used are angles of 0°, 17.82°, 19.30°, and 19.98°. The inlet notch with a width of 0° and a discharge of 8.81l/s cannot produce turbine rotation because the vortex flow is not formed properly. Inlet notch with a width of 17.82° and 19.30° produces an average turbine speed of 157.2 rpm and 159.2 rpm. The variation of the inlet notch with a width of 19.98° produces the best turbine speed of 162.7 rpm with a flowrate of 7.72l/s.
Eksistensi Pendidikan dan Lembaga Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia Pra dan Pasca Kemerdekaan
Authors: Sofyan Sofyan
Published: January 2022

Sejarah pendidikan di Indonesia mengalami pergerakan yang sangat signifikan dari jumlah maupun eksistensinya di masyarakat. Pendidikan tidak hanya dianggap sebagai sebuah keperluan pemenuhan hak-hak masyarakat, akan tetapi sudah berkembang menjadi sebuah gaya hidup bagi masyarakatnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ialah agar mengetahuai hadirnya pendidikan dan lembaga pendidikan Islam di Indonesia pra dan pasca kemerdekaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode library research dengan jenis penelitian analaisis sejarah. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan pelacakan sumber literatur sejarah dari buku dan video sejarah pendidikan di Indonesia. Pencarian data menggunakan library research dengan mengumpulkan tulisan yang berkaitan dengan judul ini dari berbagai sumber dan dianalisis dengan content analysis. Hasil penelitian menegaskan bahwa pendidikan Islam pra kemerdekaan dimulai dari pendidikan Islam pada masa Belanda dan Jepang. Pendidikan Islam pasca kemerdekaan meliputi pendidikan Islam era orde lama, orde baru dan era reformasi. Penelitian ini berkontribusi terhadap kajian pendidikan Islam di Indonesia khususnya tentang perkembangan lembaga pendidikan Islam pra dan pasca kemerdekaan.

 