bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stereotactic biopsy with contrast‐enhanced mammography: the initial Australian experience
Authors: Layden Natalie , Sesnan Genevieve , Kessell Meredith , Hardie Mireille , Taylor Donna
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Contrast‐enhanced mammography (CEM) and MRI detect ‘contrast‐only’ lesions (COLs) occult on standard breast imaging (ultrasound and conventional mammography). Until recently, MRI was the only reliable method of biopsy. This study presents the first Australian experience with CEM‐guided biopsy (CEMBx) and the lessons learnt.

Methods

A prospective audit of the first 15 consecutive patients who underwent CEMBx for COLs was performed. Indications for contrast imaging, patient and lesion characteristics, procedural details, radiation dose and pathology data were collected.

Results

The 15 women were aged 37–81 years (mean 59 years). Indications for contrast imaging were problem solving (n = 3), moderate risk screening (n = 2), cancer staging (n = 9) and symptoms (n = 1). The COLs were non‐mass (n = 14), mass (n = 1) and an enhancing asymmetry (n = 1). For one patient, two lesions were sampled during the same event. All lesions enhanced and were successfully sampled followed by marker clip insertion. Most biopsies (87.5%) were performed with the breast in cranio‐caudal compression using a horizontal approach. Procedural duration ranged from 13 to 33 min (mean 22 min). Radiation dose was similar to standard stereotactic biopsy. Post‐biopsy hematomas occurred in three patients, none required intervention. Clip displacement occurred in three cases. Core biopsy histopathology results were benign (n = 8), malignant (n = 7) and a borderline breast lesion (BBL) (n = 1). Patient satisfaction rates were high. Imaging follow‐up is ongoing.

Conclusions

CEMBx is a quick, safe and reliable alternative to MRIBx to sample COLs.
Prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions and thyroid autoantibodies in Thai patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: An age‐ and sex‐matched controlled study
Authors: Na‐Nan Kittiya , Waisayanand Nipawan , Gumtorntip Wanitcha , Wongthanee Antika , Kasitanon Nuntana , Louthrenoo Worawit
Published: May 2024

Background/Objective

To determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions and thyroid autoantibodies in Thai systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and compare them with age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HCs). Associations between thyroid dysfunctions and SLE disease activity, and associated factors for thyroid dysfunctions in SLE also were determined.

Method

One hundred SLE patients, without apparent clinical thyroid disease, attended the Rheumatology Clinic between November 2021 and October 2022, were enrolled into this study. HCs were matched to SLE cases by age and sex (ratio of 1:1). Clinical manifestations, SLE disease activity and medication received were collected in all SLE patients. Thyroid function tests and thyroid autoantibodies (anti‐thyroglobulin: anti‐TG and anti‐thyroid peroxidase: anti‐TPO) were collected from all participants.

Results

When compared with HCs, SLE patients had higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions, hypothyroidism and euthyroid sick syndrome (28% vs. 7%, p < .001, and 12% vs. 2%, p = .010, and 6% vs. 0%, p = .013, respectively). Prevalence of isolated hypothyroxinemia was higher numerically in SLE patients (9% vs. 3%, p = .074). Prevalence of anti‐TG or anti‐TPO was no different between SLE patients and HCs (16% vs. 18%, p = .707). There was no association between SLE disease activity and abnormal thyroid functions or thyroid autoantibodies. Family history of thyroid disease and prednisolone use (>10 mg/day) were associated factors for thyroid abnormalities with adjusted OR (95% CI) of 6.13 (1.58–23.75), p = .009 and 4.00 (1.37–11.70), p = .011, respectively.

Conclusion

Thyroid dysfunctions were more prevalent in SLE patients. Family history of thyroid disease and prednisolone use (>10 mg/day) were independent associated factors of thyroid abnormalities.
Robust contracts in common agency
Authors: Marku Keler , Ocampo Sergio , Tondji Jean‐Baptiste
Published: May 2024

Business activities often involve a common agent managing a variety of projects on behalf of investors with potentially conflicting interests. The extent of the agent's actions is also often unknown to investors, who have to design contracts that provide incentives to the manager despite this lack of crucial knowledge. We consider a game between several principals and a common agent, where principals know only a subset of the actions available to the agent. Principals demand robustness and evaluate contracts on a worst‐case basis. This robust approach allows for a crisp characterization of the equilibrium contracts and payoffs and provides a novel proof of equilibrium existence in common agency by constructing a pseudo‐potential for the game. Robust contracts make explicit how the efficiency of the equilibrium outcome relative to collusion among principals depends on the principals' ability to extract payments from the agent.
Genome‐wide association study of copy number variations with shank traits in a F2 crossbred chicken population
Authors: Lotfizadeh Fateme , Masoudi Ali Akbar , Vaez Torshizi Rasoul , Emrani Hossein
Published: May 2024

Copy number variations (CNVs) are large‐scale changes in the DNA sequence that can affect the genetic structure and phenotype of an organism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the existing CNVs and their associations with the shank diameter (ShD) and shank length (ShL) traits using data from an F2 crossbred chicken population. To carry out the study, 312 chickens were genotyped using the Illumina 60k SNP Beadchip. The shank traits of the birds were measured from day 1 to 12 weeks of age. penncnv and cnvruler tools were used to find copy numbers and regions with copy number changes (CNVR), respectively. The CNVRanger package was used to perform a genome‐wide association study between shank traits and CNVs. Gene ontology research in CNVRs was carried out using the david database. In this investigation, 966 CNVs and 606 regions with copy number changes were discovered. The copy number states and variations were randomly distributed along the length of the autosomal chromosomes. Weeks 1–4, 9 and 12 of growth revealed a significant association of copy number variations with shank traits, false discovery rate (FDR‐corrected p‐value < 0.01), and the majority of CNVs that were statistically significant were found on chromosomes 1–3. These CNV segments are nearby genes such as KCNJ12, FGF6 and MYF5, which are fundamental to growth and development. In addition, gene set analyses revealed terms related to muscle physiology, regulation of cellular processes and potassium channels.
Preparation of the new peptide drug ACTY116‐loaded in situ forming implants and evaluation of its efficacy in pulmonary arterial hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy induced by SU5416/hypoxia in mice
Authors: Liu Qiao , Luo Qingman , Zhong Bin , Xiong Yingxin , Chen Xueling , Li Xiaohui
Published: May 2024

There is a lack of effective therapeutic drugs for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Previous studies have demonstrated the positive cardiovascular system protective effects of the new peptide ACTY116. However, its stability in ordinary aqueous solution injections is poor and its half‐life in the body is short, which has hindered the development of preparations. This study aimed to prepare in situ forming implants (ISFIs) of the peptide ACTY116 and investigate its impact on pulmonary arterial hypertension. We prepared ISFIs using NMP/TA as a solvent and PLGA as a polymer. These ISFIs exhibited low viscosity, low toxicity and sustained release properties. In a mouse model of pulmonary hypertension induced by SU5416/hypoxia, both ISFIs and ACTY116 peptides effectively reduced pulmonary hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary blood vessel wall thickness. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of ACTY116 as a treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension and suggests that incorporating it into an in‐situ gel implant could be a promising option.
The impact of green brand trust repair strategies on trust repair after greenwashing: From a brand legitimacy perspective
Authors: Zhou Yi , Zhang Wei , Feng Yu
Published: May 2024

An increasingly worrying trend is enterprises undertaking greenwashing rather than producing actual green products. When such greenwashing behaviours are exposed, green brand trust between enterprises and stakeholders may be damaged, resulting in stakeholders becoming suspicious of these supposedly green brands. Then, enterprises need to adopt several trust repair strategies to repair the damaged green brand trust. We investigated green brand trust repair from a green brand legitimacy perspective and found the following: (1) higher green brand legitimacy suggests the use of considered informational, emotional and corrective repair strategies. (2) Meanwhile, lower green brand legitimacy requires the use of timely informational, emotional and corrective repair strategies. Using the correct set of repair strategies may provide practical and effective approaches for enterprises to repair their brand trust.
Ecosystem‐wide responses to fire and large mammal herbivores in an African savanna
Authors: Massad Tara Joy , Abrão Osvaldo Jacinto , António Hermínio , Chechene Acácio , Soares C. Tenente Beto , André Arquimedes , Félix Mundoza Diolinda , Stalmans Marc E. , Gaynor Kaitlyn M. , Junior Comissario Mandlate Luís , Rödel Mark‐Oliver , Naskrecki Piotr
Published: May 2024

Fire and large mammal herbivores (LMH) are the principal top‐down forces maintaining savanna structure. Nonetheless, experiments designed to investigate interactions between fire and LMH are rare in savannas, and relationships between environmental variation and biodiversity in the context of fire and LMH are poorly understood. This study addresses these gaps by manipulating the presence of LMH and early and late dry season fires in a tropical African savanna. In addition, this work simultaneously explores environmental variables including soil and foliar quality, vegetation cover, and nearby water sources to more holistically describe factors affecting savanna functioning and biodiversity. After 1 year of experimental treatments, changes in vegetation were already apparent. Shrub abundance and richness and grass richness were higher in the absence of LMH, while grass biomass increased three‐fold in burned plots as compared to unburned plots. Foliar nutrients tended to increase in open plots, while phenolics decreased. Amphibian abundance decreased with early burns and was higher with LMH. In contrast, small mammal abundance and richness increased without LMH and with time since fire. Richness and foraging of LMH were highest after late burns. These results demonstrate ecosystem‐wide effects of LMH, illustrating the importance of considering multiple taxa when designing fire management programs. For example, burning negatively affected amphibians and small mammals and changed vegetation at the same time it increased LMH foraging. In the long‐term, this experiment will shed light on interacting effects of fire and LMH on savanna biodiversity and function.

Abstract in Portuguese is available with the online material.
Histological diagnostic discrepancy and its clinical impact in bone and soft tissue tumors referred to a sarcoma center
Authors: Kawai Akira , Yoshida Akihiko , Shimoi Tatsunori , Kobayashi Eisuke , Yonemori Kan , Ogura Koichi , Iwata Shintaro , Toshirou Nishida
Published: May 2024

Histological diagnosis of sarcomas (malignant bone and soft tissue tumors) is challenging due to their rarity, morphological diversity, and constantly evolving diagnostic criteria. In this study, we aimed to assess the concordance in histological diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors between referring hospitals and a tertiary sarcoma center and analyzed the clinical impact of the diagnostic alteration. We analyzed 628 consecutively accessioned specimens from 624 patients who visited a specialized sarcoma center for treatment. The diagnoses at referring hospitals and those at the sarcoma center were compared and classified into four categories: agreed, disagreed, specified, and de‐specified. Of the 628 specimens, the diagnoses agreed in 403 (64.2%) specimens, whereas some changes were made in 225 (35.8%) specimens: disagreed in 153 (24.3%), specified in 52 (8.3%), and de‐specified in 20 (3.2%) cases. The benign/intermediate/malignant judgment changed for 92 cases (14.6%). The diagnostic change resulted in patient management modification in 91 cases (14.5%), including surgical and medical treatment changes. The main inferred reason for the diagnostic discrepancies was a different interpretation of morphological findings of the tumor, which accounted for 48.9% of the cases. This was followed by the unavailability of specialized immunohistochemical antibodies and the unavailability of genetic analysis. In summary, our study clarified the actual clinical impact of diagnostic discrepancy in bone and soft tissue tumors. This may underscore the value of pathology consultation, facilitating access to specialized diagnostic tools, and continued education. These measures are expected to improve diagnostic precision and ultimately benefit patients.
The Role of the National Training and Development Curriculum for Foster and Adoptive Parents in Improving Caregiver Perceived Preparation and Confidence to Parent
Authors: Salazar Amy M. , Day Angelique , Thompson Jenna , Podsobinski Jaidyanne , Spiers Sara S. , Fowler John , Vanderwill Lori , Kongira Metta
Published: May 2024

Being a foster, relative or adoptive parent (herein referred to as ‘resource parent’) is a crucial but highly challenging role. Resource parent trainings are designed to build knowledge, skills, preparation and confidence in resource parents prior to beginning their support of children and youth. However, often resource parents go into these roles feeling unconfident and unprepared to fulfil their responsibilities. The National Training and Development Curriculum for Foster and Adoptive Parents (NTDC) is a new curriculum developed with support from the United States Children's Bureau. This study compares the perceived preparation, confidence and willingness to care for a variety of subgroups of children at baseline and 6 months after training of caregivers who participated in NTDC training curriculum versus training as usual to assess whether the NTDC curriculum led to improved caregiver preparation to foster or adopt. NTDC caregivers were found to have more positive differences than control group caregivers from baseline (pretraining) to follow‐up on confidence to care for children considered challenging, confidence to care for children across multiple age ranges and perceived preparation to care for children aged 13 years and older. NTDC is a promising new resource that can help overcome some traditional resource parent training and preparation‐related challenges.
Global drivers of mangrove loss in protected areas
Authors: Heck Nadine , Goldberg Liza , Andradi‐Brown Dominic A. , Campbell Anthony , Narayan Siddharth , Ahmadia Gabby N. , Lagomasino David
Published: May 2024

Despite increasing efforts and investment in mangrove conservation, mangrove cover continues to decline globally. The extent to which protected area (PA) management effectively prevents mangrove loss globally across differing management objectives and governance types is not well understood. We combined remote sensing data with PA information to identify the extent and the drivers of mangrove loss across PAs with distinct governance types and protection levels based on categories developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Mangrove loss due to storms and erosion was prevalent across all governance types and most IUCN categories. However, the extent of human‐driven loss differed across governance types and IUCN categories. Loss was highest in national government PAs. Private, local, shared arrangement, and subnational government agencies had low human‐driven mangrove loss. Human‐driven loss was highest in PAs with the highest level of restrictions on human activities (IUCN category I) due to mangrove conversion to areas for commodity production (e.g., aquaculture), whereas PAs that allowed sustainable resource use (e.g., category VI) experienced low levels of human‐driven mangrove loss. Because category I PAs with high human‐driven loss were primarily governed by national government agencies, conservation outcomes in highly PAs might depend not only on the level of restrictions, but also on the governance type. Mangrove loss across different governance types and IUCN categories varied regionally. Specific governance types and IUCN categories thus seemed more effective in preventing mangrove loss in certain regions. Overall, we found that natural drivers contributed to global mangrove loss across all PAs, whereas human‐driven mangrove loss was lowest in PAs with subnational‐ to local‐level governance and PAs with few restrictions on human activities.
Osteocyte ferroptosis induced by ATF3/TFR1 contributes to cortical bone loss during ageing
Authors: Yin Ying , Chen Guang‐Jin , Yang Chen , Wang Jia‐Jia , Peng Jin‐Feng , Huang Xiao‐Fei , Tang Qing‐Ming , Chen Li‐Li
Published: May 2024

Cortical bone loss is intricately associated with ageing and coincides with iron accumulation. The precise role of ferroptosis, characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxidation, in senescent osteocytes remains elusive. We found that ferroptosis was a crucial mode of osteocyte death in cortical bone during ageing. Using a single‐cell transcriptome analysis, we identified activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) as a critical driver of osteocyte ferroptosis. Elevated ATF3 expression in senescent osteocytes promotes iron uptake by upregulating transferrin receptor 1 while simultaneously inhibiting solute carrier family 7‐member 11‐mediated cystine import. This process leads to an iron overload and lipid peroxidation, culminating in ferroptosis. Importantly, ATF3 inhibition in aged mice effectively alleviated ferroptosis in the cortical bone and mitigated cortical bone mass loss. Taken together, our findings establish a pivotal role of ferroptosis in cortical bone loss in older adults, providing promising prevention and treatment strategies for osteoporosis and fractures.
Effect of preceding drug therapy on the renal and cardiovascular outcomes of combined sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Authors:   RECAP study group, Tsukamoto Shunichiro , Kobayashi Kazuo , Toyoda Masao , Tone Atsuhito , Kawanami Daiji , Suzuki Daisuke , Tsuriya Daisuke , Machimura Hideo , Shimura Hidetoshi , Wakui Hiromichi , Takeda Hiroshi , Yokomizo Hisashi , Takeshita Kei , Chin Keiichi , Kanasaki Keizo , Miyauchi Masaaki , Saburi Masuo , Morita Miwa , Yomota Miwako , Kimura Moritsugu , Hatori Nobuo , Nakajima Shinichi , Ito Shun , Murata Takashi , Matsushita Takaya , Furuki Takayuki , Hashimoto Takuya , Umezono Tomoya , Muta Yoshimi , Takashi Yuichi , Tamura Kouichi
Published: May 2024

Aim

To conduct a post hoc subgroup analysis of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the RECAP study, who were treated with sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) combination therapy, focusing only on those patients who had chronic kidney disease (CKD), to examine whether the composite renal outcome differed between those who received SGLT2 inhibitor treatment first and those who received a GLP‐1RA first.

Methods

We included 438 patients with CKD (GLP‐1RA‐first group, n = 223; SGLT2 inhibitor‐first group, n = 215) from the 643 T2D patients in the RECAP study. The incidence of the composite renal outcome, defined as progression to macroalbuminuria and/or a ≥50% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), was analysed using a propensity score (PS)‐matched model. Furthermore, we calculated the win ratio for these composite renal outcomes, which were weighted in the following order: (1) both a ≥50% decrease in eGFR and progression to macroalbuminuria; (2) a decrease in eGFR of ≥50% only; and (3) progression to macroalbuminuria only.

Results

Using the PS‐matched model, 132 patients from each group were paired. The incidence of renal composite outcomes did not differ between the two groups (GLP‐1RA‐first group, 10%; SGLT2 inhibitor‐first group, 17%; odds ratio 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85 to 4.26; p = 0.12). The win ratio of the GLP‐1RA‐first group versus the SGLT2 inhibitor‐first group was 1.83 (95% CI 1.71 to 1.95; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Although the renal composite outcome did not differ between the two groups, the win ratio of the GLP‐1RA‐first group versus the SGLT2 inhibitor‐first group was significant. These results suggest that, in GLP‐1RA and SGLT2 inhibitor combination therapy, the addition of an SGLT2 inhibitor to baseline GLP‐1RA treatment may lead to more favourable renal outcomes.
Empirical analysis of child labour, household poverty, and child health in Ghana
Authors: Adabor Opoku
Published: May 2024

The paper studies the effect of household poverty on child labour (CL) and explores how CL affects working children's health using an instrumental variable strategy. After correcting for endogeneity, we find that household poverty significantly contributes to the incidence of CL whilst increasing the working hour of children increases the likelihood that working children would sustain wounds/cuts, get skin diseases, or get burned by fire, signifying the adverse effect of CL on child health in Ghana. These findings are robust to different approaches to addressing endogeneity. The study recommends that while it is imperative to implement policies to reduce children's engagement in all hazardous forms of child work and to protect the health of working children, government policies that address poverty might also be necessary.
Alzheimer's disease early screening and staged detection with plasma proteome using machine learning and convolutional neural network
Authors: Qin Hengyu , Shi Xiumin , Zhu Yibo , Ma Jiacheng , Deng Xiaohong , Wang Lu
Published: May 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as the prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disease, precipitating cognitive impairment and even memory loss. Amyloid biomarkers have been extensively used in the diagnosis of AD. However, amyloid proteins offer limited information about the disease process and accurate diagnosis depends on the presence of a substantial accumulation of amyloid deposition which significantly impedes the early screening of AD. In this study, we have combined plasma proteomics with an ensemble learning model (CatBoost) to develop a cost‐effective and non‐invasive diagnostic method for AD. A longitudinal panel has been identified that can serve as reliable biomarkers across the entire progression of AD. Simultaneously, we have developed a neural network algorithm that utilizes plasma proteins to detect stages of Alzheimer's disease. Based on the developed longitudinal panel, the CatBoost model achieved an area under the operating curve of at least 0.90 in distinguishing mild cognitive impairment from cognitively normal. The neural network model was utilized for the detection of three stages of AD, and the results demonstrated that the neural network model exhibited an accuracy as high as 0.83, surpassing that of the traditional machine learning model.
Case for supporting astrocyte energetics in glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome
Authors: Xu Weizhi , Borges Karin
Published: May 2024

In glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS), glucose transport into brain is reduced due to impaired Glut1 function in endothelial cells at the blood–brain barrier. This can lead to shortages of glucose in brain and is thought to contribute to seizures. Ketogenic diets are the first‐line treatment and, among many beneficial effects, provide auxiliary fuel in the form of ketone bodies that are largely metabolized by neurons. However, Glut1 is also the main glucose transporter in astrocytes. Here, we review data indicating that glucose shortage may also impact astrocytes in addition to neurons and discuss the expected negative biochemical consequences of compromised astrocytic glucose transport for neurons. Based on these effects, auxiliary fuels are needed for both cell types and adding medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) to ketogenic diets is a biochemically superior treatment for Glut1DS compared to classical ketogenic diets. MCTs provide medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), which are largely metabolized by astrocytes and not neurons. MCFAs supply energy and contribute carbons for glutamine and γ‐aminobutyric acid synthesis, and decanoic acid can also block α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid glutamate receptors. MCTs do not compete with metabolism of ketone bodies mostly occurring in neurons. Triheptanoin, an anaplerotic but also gluconeogenic uneven MCT, may be another potential addition to ketogenic diets, although maintenance of “ketosis” can be difficult. Gene therapy has also targeted both endothelial cells and astrocytes. Other approaches to increase fuel delivery to the brain currently investigated include exchange of Glut1DS erythrocytes with healthy cells, infusion of lactate, and pharmacological improvement of glucose transport. In conclusion, although it remains difficult to assess impaired astrocytic energy metabolism in vivo, astrocytic energy needs are most likely not met by ketogenic diets in Glut1DS. Thus, we propose prospective studies including monitoring of blood MCFA levels to find optimal doses for add‐on MCT to ketogenic diets and assessing of short‐ and long‐term outcomes.
Endoscopic treatment of a ureteral inflammatory polyp in a 15‐year‐old Warmblood gelding
Authors: Rikart Johanna , Rijkenhuizen Astrid B. M.
Published: May 2024

A 15‐year‐old Warmblood gelding was presented with macroscopic haematuria and stranguria for 2 months. Cystoscopy revealed a pedunculated cauliflower‐like mass, exiting from the right ureteral orifice into the bladder. Ureteroscopy showed a right dilated ureter (2.3 mm). The ureteral lumenal mucosa was smooth, and the mass had its origin approximately 10 cm cranial from the orifice. The right kidney appeared macroscopically normal on ultrasonography. The mass was removed transendoscopically by means of a cautery snare leaving a small part at the base. Histopathological analysis identified it as a mucosal polyp. Recovery was uncomplicated and the gelding was discharged 3 days after surgery. During cystoscopic examination 5 months later, there was no sign of right ureteral inflammation, but a small stalk of the polyp was seen within the ureter.
Speaking truth to funders: Alternative accountabilities in the voluntary and community sector during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Warren Rebecca , Morales Jeremy , Steinhoff Anne , Woodward Samantha
Published: May 2024

This paper studies grassroots organizations that provide various forms of support to vulnerable local communities in the United Kingdom in a context of increasing austerity, public sector drawbacks, a lack of funding and extensive monitoring, and evaluative requirements. We focus on the COVID‐19 pandemic, which challenged traditional funding relationships. We analyze lived experiences of trust, emotion, and suffering to understand the politics of accountability across the diverse economy. We draw on Gibson‐Graham's post‐capitalist framework, which insists on the politics of language, the subject, and collective action. In the setting we study, the language of crisis reshaped funding, vulnerable subjectivities emerged to support vulnerable communities, and fragmenting accountabilities were met with attempts to promote collective action and solidarity. We, therefore, contribute to literature in critical accounting and literature focused on the voluntary and community sector by studying a landscape of diverse accountability practices to explore the possibilities that they offer in terms of accounting for non‐capitalist organizing.
Non‐prime‐ and prime‐side profiling of Pro‐Pro endopeptidase specificity using synthetic combinatorial peptide libraries and mass spectrometry
Authors: Claushuis Bart , Cordfunke Robert A. , de Ru Arnoud H. , van Angeren Jordy , Baumann Ulrich , van Veelen Peter A. , Wuhrer Manfred , Corver Jeroen , Drijfhout Jan W. , Hensbergen Paul J.
Published: May 2024

A group of bacterial proteases, the Pro‐Pro endopeptidases (PPEPs), possess the unique ability to hydrolyze proline‐proline bonds in proteins. Since a protease's function is largely determined by its substrate specificity, methods that can extensively characterize substrate specificity are valuable tools for protease research. Previously, we achieved an in‐depth characterization of PPEP prime‐side specificity. However, PPEP specificity is also determined by the non‐prime‐side residues in the substrate. To gain a more complete insight into the determinants of PPEP specificity, we characterized the non‐prime‐ and prime‐side specificity of various PPEPs using a combination of synthetic combinatorial peptide libraries and mass spectrometry. With this approach, we deepened our understanding of the P3‐P3′ specificities of PPEP‐1 and PPEP‐2, while identifying the endogenous substrate of PPEP‐2 as the most optimal substrate in our library data. Furthermore, by employing the library approach, we investigated the altered specificity of mutants of PPEP‐1 and PPEP‐2. Additionally, we characterized a novel PPEP from Anoxybacillus tepidamans, which we termed PPEP‐4. Based on structural comparisons, we hypothesized that PPEP‐4 displays a PPEP‐1‐like prime‐side specificity, which was substantiated by the experimental data. Intriguingly, another putative PPEP from Clostridioides difficile, CD1597, did not display Pro‐Pro endoproteolytic activity. Collectively, we characterized PPEP specificity in detail using our robust peptide library method and, together with additional structural information, provide more insight into the intricate mechanisms that govern protease specificity.
Oral care practices for patients in intensive care unit: A systematic review
Authors: dos Santos Aline Aparecida , Silva Larissa Doalla de Almeida , Santos Carolina Carvalho de Oliveira , Fonseca‐Silva Thiago
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To critically analyse and discuss oral hygiene protocols in the hospital environment in patients admitted to the ICU, through a systematic review of the literature.

Methods

The electronic search was performed on Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. The indexing keywords according to the PRISMA protocol were: ‘hospital dentistry’, ‘oral health’, ‘oral care’ and ‘intensive care unit’.

Results

The initial search resulted in a total of 2671 articles. Pre‐selection based on titles led to the exclusion of 2510 articles and the remaining 36 were selected for abstract reading. After analysing the eligibility of the articles, eight studies were included in the review and submitted to qualitative analysis.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that cleaning with a soft bristle brush, use of chlorhexidine and lip moisturizing are methods commonly used in dental care actions in patients hospitalized in intensive care units.
Evaluation of total, soluble and ionic fluoride concentration in whitening and desensitizing toothpastes
Authors: de Oliveira Marcelo Bruno Lemos , Valadas Lídia Audrey Rocha , Squassi Aldo , Mendonça Juliano Sartori
Published: May 2024

Purposes

Due to the popularity and increasing launch of toothpastes with whitening and sensitivity properties on the market, this study aimed to evaluate the fluoride concentrations in these products, since the concentrations of fluoride directly interfere with the anti‐caries potential.

Methods

This is an experimental, in vitro study, where 37 samples from different batches (n = 3) purchased in different countries, were analysed in duplicate, via the ion‐selective electrode technique to verify the concentration (μg/g or ppm F−) of total fluoride (TF), total soluble fluoride (TSF) and ionic fluoride (IF). For a comparative data analysis, ANOVA was applied followed by a Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. The level of confidence adopted was 95%.

Results

In the 37 assessed toothpastes, 45.9% contained NaF and 54.1% sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP). The TF found in the formulations ranged from 902.8 to 1539.4 ppm of F (mean: 1165.2 ± 179.3); fluoride concentration in the TSF fraction ranged from 708.8 to 1306.7 ppm of F (mean: 959.5 ± 162.4); IF results ranged from 101.9 to 1162.3 ppm of F (642.2 ± 294.1). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the concentrations of the 59.5% assessed toothpastes in comparisons between declared and measured total fluoride (TF) concentrations, as well as in 62.2% when total fluoride (TF) and total soluble fluoride (TSF) were compared.

Conclusions

In this study, most of the samples evaluated showed discrepancies when compared to the information declared by the manufacturers. In addition, the soluble concentrations found in half of the samples were lower than total concentrations and this may affect anti‐caries effectiveness.
Young children's choices and thoughts about pro‐social behaviour towards others with overweight
Authors: Dearing Gemma , Latchford Gary J. , Caterson Ian D. , Hill Andrew J.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate weight bias within young children's pro‐social choices between characters who differed in body size.

Methods

Seventy‐six children aged 4–6 years read stories asking them to choose who they would first help, share with, comfort, and steal from, between a healthy weight and child with overweight. They also selected the one character they would most like to play with. Children's reasoning for these choices was recorded and analysed.

Results

The character with overweight was helped first in only a third of the choices made. Children chose the characters with overweight more often as the target for anti‐social action. In friendship selections, children overwhelmingly rejected the characters with overweight. However, weight bias was not prominent in the reasons children gave for the choices. Most children were not negative about body shape, weight or appearance. Similarly, in friendship choices, these were mostly expressed positively to the character chosen. Only a small minority of children were explicitly negative about the character with overweight.

Conclusions

A better understanding of weight bias acquisition and variation between children will benefit those working in health care and educational settings. Future research should link with developmental theory, such as on social categorization and theory of mind.
Ame‐miR‐1‐3p of bee venom reduced cell viability through the AZIN1/OAZ1‐ODC1‐polyamines pathway and enhanced the defense ability of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.)
Authors: Liu Haifeng , Tian Xue , Wen Jie , Liu Jie , Huo Yunfei , Yuan Kangqi , Guo Jiazhong , Wang Xun , Yang Mingxian , Jiang Anan , Cao Quanquan , Jiang Jun
Published: May 2024

Bee venom serves as an essential defensive weapon for bees and also finds application as a medicinal drug. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as critical regulators and have been demonstrated to perform a variety of biological functions. However, the presence of miRNAs in bee venom needs to be confirmed. Therefore, we conducted small RNA sequencing and identified 158 known miRNAs, 15 conserved miRNAs and 4 novel miRNAs. It is noteworthy that ame‐miR‐1‐3p, the most abundant among them, accounted for over a quarter of all miRNA reads. To validate the function of ame‐miR‐1‐3p, we screened 28 candidate target genes using transcriptome sequencing and three target gene prediction software (miRanda, PITA and TargetScan) for ame‐miR‐1‐3p. Subsequently, we employed real‐time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR), Western blot and other technologies to confirm that ame‐miR‐1‐3p inhibits the relative expression of antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1) by targeting the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of AZIN1. This, in turn, caused ODC antizyme 1 (OAZ1) to bind to ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) and mark ODC1 for proteolytic destruction. The reduction in functional ODC1 ultimately resulted in a decrease in polyamine biosynthesis. Furthermore, we determined that ame‐miR‐1‐3p accelerates cell death through the AZIN1/OAZ1‐ODC1‐polyamines pathway. Our studies demonstrate that ame‐miR‐1‐3p diminishes cell viability and it may collaborate with sPLA2 to enhance the defence capabilities of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). Collectively, these data further elucidate the defence mechanism of bee venom and expand the potential applications of bee venom in medical treatment.
Therapeutic drug monitoring in anticancer agents: perspectives of Australian medical oncologists
Authors: Flynn Alexandra , Galettis Peter , Gurney Howard , Michael Michael , Desar Ingrid , Westerdijk Kim , Schneider Jennifer , Martin Jennifer
Published: May 2024

Background

In the development of anticancer agents for solid tumours, body surface area continues to be used to personalise dosing despite minimal evidence for its use over other dosing strategies. With the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and other oral targeted anticancer agents, dosing using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is now utilised in many health systems but has had limited uptake in Australia.

Aim

To determine attitudes and barriers to the implementation of TDM among Australian oncologists.

Methods

A comprehensive questionnaire was developed by the Dutch Pharmacology Oncology Group from semistructured interviews of stakeholders. Seventy‐nine questions across seven domains were developed with three free‐text responses. This was rationalised to 17 questions with three free‐text responses for Australian medical oncologists who identified limited experience with TDM.

Results

Fifty‐seven responses were received, with 49 clinicians (86%) identifying limited experience of performing TDM in daily practice. Clinicians were positive (62–91% agree/strongly agree across seven questions) about the advantages of TDM. There was a mixed response for cost‐effectiveness and scientific evidence being a barrier to implementation, but strong agreement that prospective studies were needed (75% agreed or strongly agreed); that national treatment guidelines would enable practice (80%) and that a ‘pharmacology of oncolytics’ education programme would be useful (96%) to provide knowledge for dose individualisation.

Conclusion

Despite the limited experience of TDM in oncology in Australia, medical oncologists appear positive about the potential benefit to their patients. We have identified three barriers to implementation that could be targeted for increased adoption of TDM in oncology in Australia.
Family influence on stigma internalisation in people with severe mental illness: A grounded theory study
Authors: Yin Min , Li Zheng , Li Xiaoxue
Published: May 2024

The internalisation of stigma has adverse effects on the recovery and quality of life of people with severe mental illnesses. Studies have shown that life experiences in one's close environment are highly relevant in explaining the onset and development of self‐stigma. Families play a critical role in the daily care of people with severe mental illness and have a profound impact on patient recovery. This qualitative study explored the influence of family on stigma internalisation among people with severe mental illness in the context of Chinese culture. A grounded theory design was used. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 patients with severe mental illness and 10 family members, and observations were carried out among five of the families. The data analysis followed three steps (open, axial and selective coding) and involved the use of a constant comparative method and memo writing. The COREQ reporting checklist was used to report the results. Our findings revealed that families can facilitate and impede stigma internalisation in people with severe mental illness via negative or positive daily interactions. A theoretical framework was developed to present the potential effects of the identified family factors on stigma internalisation. Three major family factors influencing patients' internalised stigma were identified, namely, “beliefs of family members” at the individual level, “responses within the family” at the intrafamilial level and “differentiated family environment” at the level of the whole family system, in which “biased beliefs of family members” could bring about “negative responses within the family” and further result in patients' internalised stigma. Our findings suggested that mental health stigma internalised by ill people should be viewed within the broad context of the family. Family‐based programs aimed at improving positive interactions and support within the family need to be developed and launched, with particular attention given to interventions for affiliate stigma, coping with stigma and families' negative responses towards people with severe mental illness to prevent the internalisation of stigma by patients.
The effects of computer‐assisted interactive reading model on higher‐level and lower‐level text processing skills and cognitive load
Authors: Bahari Akbar , Alavinia Parviz , Mohammadi Mohammad
Published: May 2024

Background

This study investigates the effects of higher and lower‐level text processing strategies on both higher and lower‐level processing skills and cognitive load using the computer‐assisted interactive reading model (CAIRM) as the educational intervention framework.

Objectives

The objectives of this study are to examine the effects of the CAIRM model on reading performance and cognitive load, and to investigate the interactive use of higher‐level and lower‐level text processing skills on reading performance and cognitive load.

Methods

A mixed methods research design was used with QUAN + QUAL data and one‐way ANOVA to examine the effects of the CAIRM model on 120 randomly sampled BA students majoring in TEFL.

Results

The study provides empirical evidence for the interactivity effect in digital text processing, revealing that the development of one skill can enhance the development of another skill interactively. The interactive use of higher‐level and lower‐level text processing skills was found to improve reading performance and reduce cognitive load during digital text processing. Interestingly, the results show that some participants preferred lower‐level skills, while others preferred higher‐level skills to manage cognitive load during reading activities, indicating mixed effects in strategy use.

Conclusion

The findings of this study underscore the importance of interactive use of higher and lower‐level text processing skills for enhancing reading performance and reducing cognitive load during digital text processing. These results have both theoretical and pedagogical implications for CALL researchers and practitioners, emphasising the need for personalised instruction tailored to individual learners' needs and preferences. Future studies can further explore the potential effects of text processing skills and develop instructional strategies to optimise learners' reading performance and cognitive load. Overall, the study contributes to the growing body of literature in CALL and highlights the significance of interactive learning models for improving learning outcomes.
Adventures with Anxiety: Gender bias in using a digital game for teaching vocational English
Authors: Ahmadian Shilan , Brevik Lisbeth M. , Öhrn Elisabet
Published: May 2024

Background

In Norway, games were introduced into the 2020 English curriculum; acknowledging games as language learning resources alongside other text‐based material. However, little is known about the type of games selected by English teachers, reasons for doing so, or how games are actually used in teaching. This is particularly relevant in gendered vocational classes, with mainly girls or boys respectively in different programmes, as national surveys show that while most teenage boys play digital games, comparatively few girls do.

Objectives

The primary aim was to investigate how the digital commercial game Adventures with Anxiety was used during naturally occurring English teaching in four gendered vocational classes: one Technological and Industrial Production class (boys only) and three Healthcare, Childhood and Youth development classes (girls mainly).

Methods

Participants involved 36 students (aged 16–17) and two English teachers. Using a mixed methods design (Brevik, 2022), we combined quantitative and qualitative analyses of classroom video recordings (5.5 h), student screen recordings during gameplay (8 h) and retrospective teacher interviews (1.5 h). Analyses relied on the validated PLATO observation protocol (Grossman, 2015) and reflexive thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2022).

Results and Conclusions

English teachers expressed a dual aim in using the game for teaching English; to improve students' language skills and provide experiences of how to live with anxiety. Although the game offered relevant vocabulary and virtual experiences with anxiety; anxiety emerged as a professional component of caring professions in the girls‐mainly classes, while being used to help boys acknowledge anxiety in their own lives.
Analysis and mapping of global research publications on point‐of‐care testing for infectious diseases
Authors: Sweileh Waleed M.
Published: May 2024

Rationale

This study presents the first comprehensive analysis and mapping of scientific research on point‐of‐care testing (POCT) in infectious diseases, filling a gap in understanding the evolving landscape of this field. The identification of research themes and global contributions offers valuable insights.

Aims and Objectives

This manuscript aims to analyse and map scientific research on POCT in the context of infectious diseases.

Methods

The study employed a comprehensive search strategy using terms related to POCT and infectious diseases. The search was conducted on the Scopus database, refining results based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The dataset of 1719 research articles was then subjected to descriptive analysis and mapping using VOSviewer.

Results

The research findings indicate an exponential growth in POCT‐related publications, with 46.8% published post the COVID‐19 pandemic. Plos One journal led in publication frequency, and Biosensors and Bioelectronics received the highest citations per article. North America and Western Europe dominated contributions, with notable participation from China, South Africa, and India. The research landscape revealed the following research themes: detection technologies, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnosis, antibiotic optimisation, and schistosomiasis. Clinical trials focused on antibiotic prescribing, HIV, STIs, and specific infections. The findings suggest a shifting landscape towards POCT, emphasising the need for future planning and investment in healthcare systems. The research identifies areas for future exploration, such as the impact of POCT on antibiotic prescribing and its role in combating infectious diseases in low‐ and middle‐income countries.

Conclusion

Implementation of POCT has the potential to revolutionise infectious disease management, improve patient outcomes, and reduce the global burden of diseases. Better public awareness, healthcare team management, and planning for POCT at entry points are crucial for societal benefit. Results demonstrated the evolving role of POCT in infectious disease management and prevention.