bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystalline Weyl semimetal phase in Quantum Spin Hall systems under magnetic fields
Authors: Dominguez Fernando , Scharf Benedikt , Hankiewicz Ewelina
Published: April 2022

We investigate an unconventional topological phase transition that occurs in quantum spin Hall (QSH) systems when applying an external in-plane magnetic field. We show that this transition between QSH and trivial insulator phases is separated by a stable topological gapless phase, which is protected by the combination of particle-hole and reflection symmetries, and thus, we dub it as crystalline Weyl semimetal. We explore the stability of this new phase when particle-hole symmetry breaking terms are present. Especially, we predict a robust unconventional topological phase transition to be visible for materials described by the Kane and Mele
model even if particle-hole symmetry is significantly broken.
Diverticular disease of the colon: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of complications
Authors: Minushkin O. N. , Kruchinina M. A. , Altukhova E. I. , Tugova Yu. E.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Diverticular disease of the colon is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. During the last 30–40 years, there has been a “rejuvenation” of the disease. Today, the prevalence of the disease in people under 40 years of age is 5–10%, and therefore the costs of diagnostic testing and treatment are gradually increasing, which makes the disease socially significant.

Aim. To study the clinical features of diverticular disease, the features of diagnosis and treatment, and prophylactic approaches. The specific objectives of the analysis were to study epidemiology; study the role and a necessary minimum set of laboratory diagnostic test methods for the diagnosis of diverticular disease; study the incidence rate of SIBO and its impact on the clinic presentation and treatment; develop an algorithm for the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and management of patients with diverticular disease.

Materials and methods. A total of 195 patients with different forms of diverticular disease were examined. As diagnostic tests, we used blood tests, stool tests, biochemical tests; inflammatory tests: calprotectin, CRP, fibrinogen, ferritin; ultrasound imaging, irrigoscopy, CT, NMR, colonoscopy (if medically required); clinical manifestations at different stages of the course of diverticular disease. 5-aminosalicylates were used to treat exacerbation with inflammation; alpha-normix and motility regulators were used to treat exacerbation without signs of inflammation.

Results. On the basis of the study results, we suggested an algorithm for the diagnosis, management and treatment of patients with diverticular disease. According to the particulars of the management, it is reasonable to divide all patients with diverticular disease into three groups: 1) patients who underwent acute diverticulitis; 2) patients with uncomplicated diverticular disease; 3) patients with complicated diverticular disease.

Conclusions. The first two groups should be followed up by a gastroenterologist/general practitioner, the third group should be followed up by a surgeon. The patient tested positive for SIBO should receive drugs to eradicate SIBO. The treatment regimens for exacerbation of diverticular disease are proposed.
Immune reactions as induction factors and correction of the pathology
Authors: Zemskov V. M. , Zemskov A. M. , Neymann V. , Barsukov A. A. , Kozlova M. N. , Zemskova V. A. , Shishkina N. S. , Demidova V. S. , Alekseev A. A.
Published: April 2022

On clinical models of infectious, somatic, malignant, and other diseases, the ability of immune responses to induce pathological processes due to competition, “pathogenicity”, hypersensitivity, and insufficiency has been shown. We are talking about the competitiveness of antibacterial and antiviral immunity, when the deployment of cellular and humoral immune responses weaken both defense mechanisms, competition of allergy and immune deficiency, which aggravates and modifies it, and antiviral immunity often induces a number of pathological conditions of the body. This is due to the inability of antiviral antibodies to completely inactivate the antireceptor structures of virions, interact with them without changing their function, and even stimulate a viral infection, induce autoimmune reactions. The protective system of interferons, which often cause side reactions, is also faulty. In  the  body, immunopathological reactions develop, manifested by immediate and delayed hypersensitivity, which have alternative properties – protective and damaging and autoimmune reactions, mainly with a negative effect. The mechanisms of the processes are discussed in detail in the review. The “inferiority” of immune reactions, respectively, cellular, humoral, phagocytic links, incomplete consistency of anticancer immunity, virus-induced immunodeficiencies are comprehensively covered. Such “alternativeness” of the considered immune reactions, at the same time, turns out to be a necessary condition for eliminating the emerging disorders of the organism’s reactivity. These include specificity and non-specificity, stimulation and suppression, variability and integration of immune responses. At the same time, immunoregulatory reactions are individual and interrelated, develop regionally and systemically and provide degradation of exogenous and endogenous objects and immune activation. All these aspects are discussed in detail in the review.
Experience of long-term use of anti-IgE therapy in a patient with chronic spontaneous urticarial
Authors: Sobko E. A. , Demko I. V. , Shestakova N. A. , Kraposhina A. Yu. , Gordeeva N. V.
Published: April 2022

Chronic spontaneous urticaria is an urgent health problem. Recurrent urticarial rashes, angioedema and severe itching reduce the quality of life of patients. The ineffectiveness of standard therapy requires the search for new modern methods of treating this disease. Taking into account the current data on the pathogenesis, the third line of therapy for chronic spontaneous urticaria is the addition of anti-IgE therapy (omalizumab) to antihistamines of the 2nd generation. The presented clinical case is devoted to the experience of long-term use of omalizumab in a patient with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Having a disease duration of about a year, the patient was thoroughly examined, all concomitant diseases were identified and compensated, parasitic invasion was treated, but this did not lead to a regression of symptoms. Antihistamines of the 2nd generation in standard and increased doses (up to 4 times) did not control the disease, systemic glucocorticosteroids stopped the symptoms for a short time, and therefore, in  the future, the  patient began to use them independently and uncontrollably. Almost daily use of  corticosteroids for 6 months caused the development of complications in the form of weight gain and Cushing’s syndrome. Omalizumab completely stopped all the symptoms during the first day, no side effects were detected. The clinical effect lasted from 3 to 4 weeks. Thus, omalizumab therapy allowed the patient to almost completely get rid of the symptoms of CSC, which significantly improved the quality of life and made it possible to cancel systemic glucocorticosteroids. The peculiarity of the presented case is the duration of the use of omalizumab (more than 2 years) with the inability to cancel due to the return of urticarial rashes and itching.
Vitamin D – an alimentary factor in the prevention of diseases caused by its deficiency
Authors: Kodentsova V. M. , Risnik D. V.
Published: April 2022

Vitamin D, including all its vitamers, being a food substance, does not belong to drugs, it can specifically cure those diseases that were caused by its deficiency in the diet. Vitamin D may be officially registered as a dietary supplement or medicine. In both cases, it is intended for the prevention of vitamin D deficiency as well as for the treatment of profound deficiency and its consequences. Doses of vitamin D in them are strictly regulated; they are strictly controlled before being imported and placed on the market. In relation to monovitamins and vitamin complexes registered as dietary supplements, especially for children, increased requirements are imposed on the doses of micronutrients, their forms, auxiliary components Due to the high doses of micronutrients they contain, the presence of auxiliary components that are not permitted for use in baby food, many monovitamins and vitamin complexes simply cannot be registered as dietary supplements and, as a result, are registered as medicines. However, this does not mean that they are more effective. Food supplements in  their composition are closer to food products, which confirms the validity of their assignment to the category of specialized products. The effectiveness of vitamin D depends not on the form of state registration, but on the dose, its form and the initial supply of the organism. In order to prevent alimentary deficiency of vitamin D, it is advisable to use dietary supplements, the doses in which are close to the physiological need.
Parallels of diabetic foot infections antibiotic resistance at inpatient and outpatient stages of treatment
Authors: Zemlianoi A. B. , Zelenina T. A. , Salukhov V. V.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. The risk of infectious complications in patients with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is 25.2 to 58%, the risk of hospitalization among the patients with complications of DFI is 56 times, and the risk of amputation is 155 times higher than non-diabetics. Detection of the etiologic agent has a crucial role in effective treatment, prevention of dissemination of the infection, and avoiding amputation.

Aim of the study: to analyze the specific characteristics of the severe diabetic foot infection and antibiotic resistance of the pathogens during the inpatient and outpatient stages of treatment.

Materials and methods. We included 62 type 2 diabetic inpatients (38 male and 24 female, group 1) with severe foot infection in to the study. 102 diabetic foot outpatients (56 male and 46 female, group 2) with postoperative wounds were included after discharged from the hospital. Cultures were obtained after surgery interventions immediately and on 14 days of hospitalization in group 1 of patients and in group 2 of patients with clinical signs of infection. Microbe species and resistant of pathogens to antibiotic were assessed.

Results. There were prevalence of multidrug resistant Staphilococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterobacterales and Acinetobacter baumannii both outpatient and inpatient stages of diabetic foot infections treatment. The multidrug resistant pathogens were associated with ineffective empiric antibiotic therapy, delay of wound healing and amputations. The presence of multidrug resistant pathogens should be expected in cases of wound size more than 18 sm2, history of diabetic foot amputations, chronic osteomyelitis and time before wound professional care more than 14 weeks.

Conclusion. The multidrug resistant pathogens were the main risk factor of amputations in diabetic foot inpatients with severe infections. At the outpatient stage of treatment multidrug resistant pathogens along with chronic osteomyelitis lead to delay of wound healing and new cases of foot amputations in diabetic patients.
Medical thermovision: possibilities and prospects of the method
Authors: Morozov A. M. , Zhukov S. V. , Sorokovikova T. V. , Ilkaeva V. N. , Belyak M. A. , Pototskaya L. A. , Minakova J. E.
Published: April 2022

Infectious and inflammatory conditions, injuries and malignant neoplasms may raise body temperature, and ischemia may reduce it. Temperature is an important physical and biological quantity and a key human health indicator. It serves as a main indicator in screening of most medical pathologies of both surgical and therapeutic and gynecological profiles. Medical thermovision is a modern diagnostic remote non-invasive informative technique without radiation exposure and contraindications, which is based on the registration of natural thermal radiation emitted by human bodies in the invisible infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum. As physiological changes precede structural changes observed during classical medical imaging, infrared thermography allows for identification of pathological conditions and neoplasms long before these conditions are confirmed by other diagnostic techniques. Separately, it is necessary to point out that the technique is also an effective way to detect viral diseases. Using medical thermography, the course of the disease may be monitored over time: from screening and diagnosis to follow up of treatment and rehabilitation. The technique is widely used in many fields of medicine and is available for multiple uses. In the article, the current domestic and foreign literature on the use and possibilities of the medical thermography technique in different fields of medicine are analysed. Possibilities and prospects for medical thermovision in the realities of modern medical practice are assessed.
Features of the course of COVID-19 in patients with comorbid pathology
Authors: Sharipova M. M. , Ivkina M. V. , Arkhangelskaia A. N. , Gurevich K. G. , Maev I. V.
Published: April 2022

Comorbidity is an important problem of modern medicine, the study of which is a priority for public health. According to  the literature, the prevalence of comorbidity reaches a third of the population in some countries, while there is a tendency for an increase in the number of such patients in all age groups. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the presence of   comorbidity in patients is a significant risk factor affecting the course and prognosis of a new coronavirus infection; at the same time, it is comorbid patients who belong to the most vulnerable group. The review presents data indicating a significant impact of comorbid pathologies on an increase in the number of complications and mortality; the most common combinations of diseases in patients with a new coronavirus infection were analyzed. There is an increase in the prevalence of comorbidity in all age groups, which dictates the need to develop an integrated interdisciplinary approach for such patients. The vast majority of clinical guidelines for the  treatment of comorbidities in COVID-19 are mainly focused on individual diseases, which limits the use of these algorithms in comorbid patients. Due to the high risk of contracting a viral infection, as  well as the frequent development of   complications and mortality in comorbid patients, preventive measures should be  focused simultaneously on two tasks: measures aimed at preventing infection with COVID-19 and compensating for  comorbid pathology. In the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, careful monitoring of such patients, most often in a hospital setting, is necessary in order to prevent complications and adverse outcomes.
CYP2D6 gene polymorphism effect on central hemodynamic parameters in patients with portal hypertension taking propranolol
Authors: Parusov A. I. , Loranskaya I. D. , Akmalova K. A. , Sozaeva Zh. A. , Turkina O. L. , Zastrozhin M. S. , Sychev D. A.
Published: April 2022

Introduction. Despite the huge number of modern recommendations for the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis, there is still no clear scheme for prescribing non-selective beta-blockers.

Aim. To evaluate effect of polymorphic markers CYP2D6*3, CYP2D6*4, CYP2D6*10 and CYP2D6*41 carriage on central hemodynamics in patients with liver cirrhosis during propranolol therapy.

Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients with liver cirrhosis who received propranolol therapy at a daily dose of 30 mg for 14 days. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by dynamic measurement of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, ultrasonography measuring the  linear blood flow velocity of  portal vein. Genotyping of  CYP2D6*3, CYP2D6*4, CYP2D6*10 and CYP2D6*41 was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results and discussion. Positive hemodynamics in the form of a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, an increase in the average linear blood flow velocity of the portal vein compared with the baseline was observed in 41 patients. SBP and DBP decreased by 8.05 mm Hg (p = 0.006) and 4.51 mm Hg (p = 0.037), respectively. Our regression analysis revealed the presence of  a statistically significant effect of  carriage of  the CYP2D6*4  polymorphic marker on the  therapeutic effect of  propranolol (p < 0.05). No statistically significant effect of polymorphic markers CYP2D6*3, CYP2D6*10 and CYP2D6*41 was found (p > 0.05).

Conclusion. The influence of carriage of the polymorphic marker CYP2D6*4 on the hemodynamic effect of propranolol in patients with liver cirrhosis of the Russian population was determined. In carriers of the homozygous GG genotype for CYP2D6*4, there is a more pronounced positive trend in lowering blood pressure during propranolol therapy, in contrast to patients with a heterozygous GA genotype. Based on the results of the study, the existing algorithm for personalizing the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis with non-selective β-blockers using CYP2D6 genotyping was modernized.
In Vitro Antioxidant and Alpha-glucosidase Inhibition Activity of Polygonatum
verticillatum of Karnali, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Achyut , Shretha Dipesh , Dhakal Kamal , Pokhrel Tamlal , Sharma Prabha
Published: April 2022

Background:

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that has become a major health issue
in the modern era due to long-term health consequences. α-amylase and α-glucosidase are the key
enzymes involved in the digestion of starchy foods, and the inhibition of these enzymes is regarded as
a postprandial hyperglycemia control strategy.

Objective:

The primary goal of this work is to examine the antioxidant activity as well as α-
glucosidase inhibitory activity of Polygonatum verticillatum rhizomes via in vitro test.

Method:

The in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition activity was performed using p-nitrophenyl-α-
Dglucopyranoside (PNPG) substrate. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging
assay was performed to estimate the antioxidant activity.

Results:

The in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Polygonatum verticillatum was investigated
for the very first time. Of the three fractions and a crude extract, the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction disclosed
potent inhibition activity against α-glucosidase enzyme with an IC50 value of 22.3 ± 0.1 μg/mL.
Likewise, the IC50 values for dichloromethane (DCM) fraction and the crude extract against α-
glucosidase were reported at 34 ± 0.1 μg/mL and 402.2 ± 0.2 μg/mL, respectively. Similarly, the EA
fraction, crude extract, and DCM fraction disclosed promising antioxidant activity with IC50 = 55 ± 0.3
μg/mL, 171.5 ± 0.6 μg/mL, and 164.1 ± 3.4 μg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion:

These findings concluded that among the crude extract and fractions of Polygonatum
verticillatum of Nepalese origin, the EA fraction constituted a potent α-glucosidase inhibiting and antioxidant
agent. Further research is required to expose the inhibiting compounds.
CT Findings of the Massive Air Embolism in a Case with Thoracic Gunshot
Wound: A Special Case Report as if a Whole Body Pneumo-
Angiography was Performed
Authors: Zeynalova Amalya , Sanli Deniz E.T. , Agar Emir H. , Yildirim Duzgun , Tuzuner Filiz
Published: April 2022

Background:

Massive systemic arterial air embolism (SAAE) associated with penetrating
trauma is a rare condition. A few cases were reported for massive arterial air embolism in the literature
. Computed tomography is a fast and easily accessible modality for detecting air in the vasculature. We
report CT findings of a rare case with a thoracic gunshot wound, which demonstrate air almost in all
systemic vessels like ‘‘full body pneumoangiography’’.

Case report:

A 42-year-old male patient with a thoracic gunshot wound was admitted to the Accident
and Emergency (A&E) unit in a state of cardiac arrest. Postmortem computed tomography (CT) was
performed and extensive air was revealed in several great vessels.

Conclusion:

We conclude that the underline causes of massive air embolism in our case are two main
mechanisms: firstly, massive air enters the vasculature via bronchovascular fistula as there was bilateral
lung contusion and directly through cardiac truncus, secondly while CPR was being conducted,
massive air was pumped to the systemic circulation.
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) and COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa:
Special Focus on Control Strategies
Authors: Alexiou Athanasios , Aborode Abdullahi Tunde , Fajemisin Emmanuel Adebowale , Aiyenuro Emmanuel Ademola , Alakitan Muhammad Tobiloba , Ariwoola Matthew Olaide , Imisioluwa Jegede Oluwatoyin , Rafiu Raheemt
Published: April 2022

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are a group of twenty (20) chronic, communicable,
infectious diseases endemic to the tropics and sub-tropics climate countries, which are intimately
associated with poverty, poor sanitation, limited clean water, and healthcare delivery; and dwellers
live in proximity to pathogens and diseases vectors. The pathogens are protozoans, bacteria, helminths,
fungi, and viruses. NTDs currently affect about one billion people globally, out of which
500 million are Africans living in rural settlements with low political voice and support. In recent
years, NTDs have received little research recognition, development, and funding because more research
efforts by global health stakeholders are focused on recognized diseases like cancers, hepatitis,
tuberculosis, Acquired Immune-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and malaria that affects most
developed countries. The emergence of the viral novel COVID-19 will exacerbate the burden of
NTDs on disadvantaged communities as global health efforts are again focused on COVID-19
clearance in terms of research and development to find a drug/vaccine amidst other investigations
on recognized infections. This development can result in high death tolls due to NTDs if control
measures are not prioritized now. This perspective addresses the need for NTDs control amidst
COVID-19 clearance efforts to mitigate another viral health crisis in Africa.
Knowledge and Perception Regarding Ketogenic Diet Among Students of
College of Nursing, Medicine and Applied Medical Sciences at Northern
Border University, Arar, KSA
Authors: Fatima Waseem , Naif Alanazi Danah Fudhayl , Alanazi Norah Badar , Zaidi Rizwan Fatima , Ansari Mohd. Imran
Published: April 2022

Background:

The Ketogenic diet has gained popularity, especially among college students in the past few years, mainly as a strategy for fast weight losse but due to lack of appropriate knowledge of ketogenic diet plan might affect their overall health. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate knowledge and perception about ketogenic diet among students of three different faculties of Northern Border University, Arar, KSA.

Methods:

The present study had a cross sectional study design and a total of 303 (214 female and 89 males) students were contacted between 15 February and 20 March, 2021. A self-administered online (Google form) questionnaire was used to investigate socio-demographic data as well as student’s knowledge and perception about the ketogenic diet.

Results:

The majority of the participants, 197 (65%) know that ketogenic diet compise of high fat, moderate protein, and low carbohydrate. The main therapeutic aim for adopting a ketogenic diet was weight loss for 153 participants (50.3%), whereas 115 (38%) of them adopted it for treating poly cystic ovary (PCOD) and only 84 (27. 7%) for controlling diabetes. The source of knowledge about the ketogenic diet was primarily social media 199 (65.9%), and only 82 (27.2%) adopted it after consultation from a dietitian. However, 72 particiants (23.8%) believed that the ketogenic diet did not have any adverse effects on the human body.

Conclusion:

The result of the present study indicates that students had convincing knowledge and perception about the ketogenic diet as well as its therapeutic uses. However, pre-diet counseling is imperative for everyone to know every aspect and correct technique for carrying out this diet.
Prognostic Significance of Hypertriglyceridemia in Patients at High and
Very High Cardiovascular Risk Depending on the Concentration of Highsensitivity
C-reactive Protein
Authors: Genkel Vadim , Kuznetsova Alla , Pykhova Lubov , Nikushkina Karina , Savochkina Albina , Dolgushin Ilya , Shaposhnik Igor
Published: April 2022

Background:

It has been established that an increase in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein levels is
associated with the development of systemic low-grade inflammation. Data on the prognostic role of hypertriglyceridemia
(HTG) dependent on the state of low-grade inflammation are limited.

Objective:

The study’s objective was to evaluate the predictive value of mild-to-moderate HTG (2.3-
11.2 mmol/L) regarding the development of cardiovascular events in patients at high and very high
cardiovascular risk (CVR), depending on the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) values.

Methods:

The study included 185 patients with high and very high CVR. The concentration of
hsCRP in blood serum was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The combined
endpoint was cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or unstable angina (which
required hospitalization), nonfatal stroke, and coronary revascularization.

Results:

HTG was revealed in 17.3% of the patients. An increase in hsCRP ≥2.0 mg/L was observed
in 51.9% of the patients. The event-free survival of patients with HTG was not statistically different
from that in patients with TG <2.3 mmol/L (RR 1.61; 95% CI 0.86-3.00; p=0.133). In the subgroup
of patients with hsCR<2.0 mg/L, patients with HTG were not significantly different from patients
without HTG. In the subgroup of patients with hsCRP≥2.0 mg/L, the presence of HTG was associated
with a 4.63 times increase in the RR of adverse cardiovascular events (95% CI 1.35-15.8;
p=0.015) after adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusion:

In patients with high and very high CVR, an increase in TG ≥2.3 mmol/L was associated
with the development of adverse cardiovascular events only in the subgroup of patients with an
increase in hsCRP ≥2.0 mg/L. The presence of HTG was associated with a 4.63 times increase in RR
of adverse cardiovascular events (95% CI 1.35-15.8; p=0.015).
PIASA, A Novel Peptide, Prevents SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells against
Rotenone-induced Toxicity
Authors: Namasivayam Elangovan , Sulthana Ahmed Sha , Balakrishnan Rengasamy , Renuka Mani , Mohankumar Thangavel , Manimaran Dharmar , Arulkumar Kuppamuthu
Published: April 2022

Background and Objective:

This investigation explores the neuroprotective effect of PIASA,
a newly designed peptide, VCSVY, in in-silico and in opposition to rotenone stimulated oxidative stress,
mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in an SH-SY5Y cellular model.

Methods:

Docking and visualization of the PIASA and rotenone were progressed against mitochondrial
respiratory complex I (MCI). The in-silico analysis showed PIASA to have interaction with the binding
sites of rotenone, which may reduce the rotenone interaction and its toxicity too. The SH-SY5Y cells
were segregated into four experimental groups: Group I: untreated control cells; Group II: rotenone-only
(100 nM) treated cells; Group III: PIASA (5 μM) + rotenone (100 nM) treated cells; and Group IV:
PIASA-only (5 μM) treated cells.

Results:

We evaluated the cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species
(ROS), apoptosis (dual staining technique), nuclear morphological changes (Hoechst staining technique),
the expressions of BAX, Bcl-2, cyt c, pro-caspase 3, and caspase 3, -6, -8, -9, and cleaved caspase
3 by western blot analysis. In SH-SY5Y cells, we further observed the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and
mitochondrial dysfunction in rotenone-only treated cells, whereas pretreatment of PIASA attenuated the
rotenone-mediated toxicity. Moreover, rotenone toxicity is caused by complex I inhibition, which leads
to mitochondrial dysfunction, increased BAX expression, while downregulating the Bcl-2 expression and
cyt c release, and then finally, caspases activation. PIASA pretreatment prevented the cytotoxic effects
via the normalization of apoptotic marker expressions influenced by rotenone. In addition, pre-clinical
studies are acceptable in rodents to make use of PIASA as a revitalizing remedial agent, especially for
PD in the future.

Conclusion:

Collectively, our results propose that PIASA mitigated rotenone-stimulated oxidative
stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in rotenone-induced SH-SY5Y cells.
The new trends in networking: IoT, 5G, and cognitive radio
Authors:   LabRI-SBA Lab, Ecole Supérieure en Informatique, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria, Bendaoud Fayssal
Published: April 2022

The domain of networking and wireless communication is rapidly expanding to the point where traditional legacy networks research is nearly complete, and they are supposed to be an elder. IoT, the Internet of Things, and the 5G radio communications are the newest networking advancements. These two technologies fulfill all of the researchers' goals of improving people's quality of life. IoT is a framework that allows everyday devices to become smarter, processing to become more intelligent, and communication to become more relevant. The Internet of Things (IoT) has already made huge progress as a ubiquitous solution platform for the linked world. We also discussed the Radio Cognitive RC, which allows people to connect to networks as secondary users at no cost while the service provided is not as good as that provided to primary users who pay a license to use the network. RC can provide a solution for best-effort IoT applications that do not require constant connectivity and high QoS requirements. This study describes all of these technologies and concludes with a recommendation for using IoT and RC in our further works.
Supply chain risk management and flexibility to manage the disturbances of global crises
Authors:   Department of System Engineering, National School of Applied Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco, et al. Ben-Faress
Published: April 2022

A global crisis successfully creates conflicts, which endanger the performance of the automotive supply chain with its total actors. Risk management throughout a worldwide crisis necessitates dissimilar techniques and procedures to the risk management perspective and approaches practiced for a steady market and stable situations, in order to overcome the supply chain vulnerabilities and disruptions towards the triggered issues of suppliers and demand. The main purpose of this paper, unlike the previous works, is to implement innovative tactics and means to make the supply chain of the automotive industry more resilient and flexible towards global crises to minimize the damages, taking the automotive industry's performance within the Coronavirus pandemic as a field of study and the juxtaposed complications presented in parallel from suppliers and customers to result in a robust technique to create strategic flexibility and balance for production units to manage the jeopardies within and post the global crises. This research, using the analytical hierarchical process for the assessment of the vertical collaboration alternatives, enables the supply chain actors to adopt the most adequate alternative for each category of risks and actors. However, the limitations presented for this study are to overcome the need for risk mitigation by preventing the appearance and bringing the probability to zero percent of the presence of the risks in the whole supply chain of the automotive industry.
Assessing the electrical property of carbon nanotube reinforced oxide ceramic matrix composites produced by ceramic injection moulding
Authors: Bouhamed Ayda , Ramalingame Rajarajan , Zhang Yu , Naifar Slim , Preuß Andrea , Roder Kristina , Nestler Daisy , Kanoun Olfa , Kroll Lothar
Published: April 2022

Owing to its remarkable properties, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are attracting the interest for realization of sensors.
The potential of MWCNTs for high temperature sensing applications was investigated by integration within reinforced aluminium oxide ceramic composite. MWCNTs up to 2 wt% were mixed with reinforced aluminum oxide ceramic composite using solution mixing method to ensure good homogeneilty of the oxide ceramic composite powders. Specimens were realized using ceramic injection moulding process (CIM) followed by debinding and sintering procedures. The topography of specimens were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Electrical measurements were also carried out.
The results show good demouldability at high MWCNTs concentration and homogenous distribution of the MWCNTs within the oxide ceramic matrix. AFM images illustrate the reduction of surface roughness by increasing the MWCNTs content which demonstrates the role of MWCNTs to improve the fracture resistance of the oxide ceramic matrix composite. As well, the electrical resistance of the feedstocks were reduced sharply. After sintering process, the resistance range drops enormously from M Ω to reach 12.1 Ω at low MWCNTs content; which make them suitable to be as electrode with high temperature capability. The electrical resistance temperature dependency shows a negative temperature coefficient behaviour with negligible resistance change.
Peer Mentoring Program for Informal Caregivers of Homebound Individuals With Advanced Parkinson Disease (Share the Care): Protocol for a Single-Center, Crossover Pilot Study
Authors: Fleisher Jori E , Akram Faizan , Lee Jeanette , Klostermann Ellen C , Hess Serena P , Myrick Erica , Levin Melissa , Ouyang Bichun , Wilkinson Jayne , Hall Deborah A , Chodosh Joshua
Published: April 2022

Background

Homebound individuals with advanced Parkinson disease (PD) require intensive caregiving, the majority of which is provided by informal, family caregivers. PD caregiver strain is an independent risk factor for institutionalization. There are currently no effective interventions to support advanced PD caregivers. Studies in other neurologic disorders, however, have demonstrated the potential for peer mentoring interventions to improve caregiver outcomes. In the context of an ongoing trial of interdisciplinary home visits, we designed and piloted a nested trial of caregiver peer mentoring for informal caregivers of individuals with advanced PD.

Objective

The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of peer mentoring for caregivers of homebound individuals with advanced PD and to evaluate its effects on anxiety, depression, and caregiver strain.

Methods

This was a single-center, 16-week pilot study of caregiver peer mentoring nested within a year-long controlled trial of interdisciplinary home visits. We recruited 34 experienced former or current family caregivers who completed structured mentor training. Caregivers enrolled in the larger interdisciplinary home visit trial consented to receive 16 weeks of weekly, one-to-one peer mentoring calls with a trained peer mentor. Weekly calls were guided by a curriculum on advanced PD management and caregiver support. Fidelity to and satisfaction with the intervention were gathered via biweekly study diaries. Anxiety, depression, and caregiver strain were measured pre- and postmentoring intervention at home visits 2 and 3.

Results

Enrollment and peer-mentor training began in 2018, and 65 caregivers enrolled in the overarching trial. The majority of mentors and mentees were White, female spouses or partners of individuals with PD; mentors had a mean of 8.7 (SD 6.4) years of caregiving experience, and 33 mentors were matched with at least 1 mentee.

Conclusions

This is the first study of caregiver peer mentoring in PD and may establish an adaptable and sustainable model for disease-specific caregiver interventions in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03189459; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03189459

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/34750
Accessibility and Openness to Diabetes Management Support With Mobile Phones: Survey Study of People With Type 1 Diabetes Using Advanced Diabetes Technologies
Authors: Lin Yu Kuei , Richardson Caroline , Dobrin Iulia , Pop-Busui Rodica , Piatt Gretchen , Piette John
Published: April 2022

Background

Little is known about the feasibility of mobile health (mHealth) support among people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using advanced diabetes technologies including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems and hybrid closed-loop insulin pumps (HCLs).

Objective

This study aims to evaluate patient access and openness to receiving mHealth diabetes support in people with T1D using CGM systems or HCLs.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional survey among patients with T1D using CGM systems or HCLs managed in an academic medical center. Participants reported information regarding their mobile device use; cellular call, SMS text message, or internet connectivity; and openness to various channels of mHealth communication (smartphone apps, SMS text messages, and interactive voice response [IVR] calls). Participants’ demographic characteristics and CGM data were collected from medical records. The analyses focused on differences in openness to mHealth and mHealth communication channels across groups defined by demographic variables and measures of glycemic control.

Results

Among all participants (N=310; female: n=198, 63.9%; mean age 45, SD 16 years), 98.1% (n=304) reported active cellphone use and 80% (n=248) were receptive to receiving mHealth support to improve glucose control. Among participants receptive to mHealth support, 98% (243/248) were willing to share CGM glucose data for mHealth diabetes self-care assistance. Most (176/248, 71%) were open to receiving messages via apps, 56% (139/248) were open to SMS text messages, and 12.1% (30/248) were open to IVR calls. Older participants were more likely to prefer SMS text messages (P=.009) and IVR calls (P=.03) than younger participants.

Conclusions

Most people with T1D who use advanced diabetes technologies have access to cell phones and are receptive to receiving mHealth support to improve diabetes control.
Atrial Fibrillation Detection With an Analog Smartwatch: Prospective Clinical Study and Algorithm Validation
Authors: Campo David , Elie Valery , de Gallard Tristan , Bartet Pierre , Morichau-Beauchant Tristan , Genain Nicolas , Fayol Antoine , Fouassier David , Pasteur-Rousseau Adrien , Puymirat Etienne , Nahum Julien
Published: April 2022

Background

Atrial fibrillation affects approximately 4% of the world’s population and is one of the major causes of stroke, heart failure, sudden death, and cardiovascular morbidity. It can be difficult to diagnose when asymptomatic or in the paroxysmal stage, and its natural history is not well understood. New wearables and connected devices offer an opportunity to improve on this situation.

Objective

We aimed to validate an algorithm for the automatic detection of atrial fibrillation from a single-lead electrocardiogram taken with a smartwatch.

Methods

Eligible patients were recruited from 4 sites in Paris, France. Electrocardiograms (12-lead reference and single lead) were captured simultaneously. The electrocardiograms were reviewed by independent, blinded board-certified cardiologists. The sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm to detect atrial fibrillation and normal sinus rhythm were calculated. The quality of single-lead electrocardiograms (visibility and polarity of waves, interval durations, heart rate) was assessed in comparison with the gold standard (12-lead electrocardiogram).

Results

A total of 262 patients (atrial fibrillation: n=100, age: mean 74.3 years, SD 12.3; normal sinus rhythm: n=113, age: 61.8 years, SD 14.3; other arrhythmia: n=45, 66.9 years, SD 15.2; unreadable electrocardiograms: n=4) were included in the final analysis; 6.9% (18/262) were classified as Noise by the algorithm. Excluding other arrhythmias and Noise, the sensitivity for atrial fibrillation detection was 0.963 (95% CI lower bound 0.894), and the specificity was 1.000 (95% CI lower bound 0.967). Visibility and polarity accuracies were similar (1-lead electrocardiogram: P waves: 96.9%, QRS complexes: 99.2%, T waves: 91.2%; 12-lead electrocardiogram: P waves: 100%, QRS complexes: 98.8%, T waves: 99.5%). P-wave visibility accuracy was 99% (99/100) for patients with atrial fibrillation and 95.7% (155/162) for patients with normal sinus rhythm, other arrhythmias, and unreadable electrocardiograms. The absolute values of the mean differences in PR duration and QRS width were <3 ms, and more than 97% were <40 ms. The mean difference between the heart rates from the 1-lead electrocardiogram calculated by the algorithm and those calculated by cardiologists was 0.55 bpm.

Conclusions

The algorithm demonstrated great diagnostic performance for atrial fibrillation detection. The smartwatch’s single-lead electrocardiogram also demonstrated good quality for physician use in daily routine care.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04351386; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04351386
Training Resources Targeting Social Media Skills to Inform Rehabilitation for People Who Have an Acquired Brain Injury: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Brunner Melissa , Rietdijk Rachael , Togher Leanne
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

In 2020 and 2021, people increasingly used the internet to connect socially and professionally. However, people with an acquired brain injury (ABI) experience challenges in using social media, and rehabilitation professionals have reported feeling underprepared to support them in its use. To date, no review of social media skills training to inform ABI rehabilitation has been conducted.

OBJECTIVE

This scoping review aimed to examine research on interventions addressing social media skills and safety, with a focus on people living with health conditions; free web-based resources for the general public on social media skills training; and currently available online support groups for people with ABI.

METHODS

An integrative scoping review was conducted, with a systematic search strategy applied in March and November 2020 across OvidSP (MEDLINE, AMED, PsycINFO, and Embase), Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Google, and Facebook. The data collected were critically appraised and synthesized to describe the key content and features of social media training resources.

RESULTS

This review identified 47 peer-reviewed academic articles, 48 social media training websites, and 120 online support groups for people with ABI. A key recommendation was interactive training with practical components addressing cybersafety, how to use platforms, and how to connect with others. However, no social media training resources that were relevant and accessible for people with ABI were identified.

CONCLUSIONS

Training resources to support people with ABI in safely using social media are limited. The key content to be addressed and the features to be incorporated into web-based social media training were determined, including the need for interactive training that is co-designed and safe and incorporates practical components that support people with ABI. These findings can be used to inform the development of web-based evidence-based support for people with ABI who may be vulnerable when participating in social media.
Health Information and Misinformation: A Framework to Guide Research and Practice (Preprint)
Authors: Fridman Ilona , Johnson Skyler , Elston Lafata Jennifer
Published: April 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

When facing a health decision, people tend to seek and access web-based information and other resources. Unfortunately, this exposes them to a substantial volume of misinformation. Misinformation, when combined with growing public distrust of science and trust in alternative medicine, may motivate people to make suboptimal choices that lead to harmful health outcomes and threaten public safety. Identifying harmful misinformation is complicated. Current definitions of misinformation either have limited capacity to define harmful health misinformation inclusively or present a complex framework with information characteristics that users cannot easily evaluate. Building on previous taxonomies and definitions, we propose an information evaluation framework that focuses on defining different shapes and forms of harmful health misinformation. The framework aims to help health information users, including researchers, clinicians, policy makers, and lay individuals, to detect misinformation that threatens truly informed health decisions.
In Silico Studies on The Potential of Green Tea Catechin Compounds (Camellia sinensis) as Antiviral of SARS CoV-2 Againts Spike Glycoprotein (6LZG) and Main Protease (5R7Y)
Authors: Naufa Futna , Mutiah Roihatul , Indrawijaya Yen Yen Ari
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS CoV-2 by producing structural proteins and non-structural proteins. SARS CoV-2 uses a spike glycoprotein to bind ACE-2 receptors in host cells and uses main protease to replicate. This research aims to screen green tea catechin derivates as an antiviral for SARS CoV-2 through inhibition of spike glycoprotein (6LZG) and main protease (5R7Y). In silico studies carried out are molecular docking, prediction of physicochemical properties, and prediction of toxicity. The potential inhibition was assessed based on binding affinity and interaction of amino acid residues. From the molecular docking process showed that epicatechin and epigallocatechin provide inhibition to spike glycoprotein better than nafamostat indicated by binding affinity of -5.2 kcal/mol and -4.5 kcal/mol, while epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate provide inhibiton to main protease better than lopinavir with binding affinity of -8.7 kcal/mol and -8.3 kcal/mol. The results of the physicochemical properties prediction showed that only epigallocatechin gallate that did not fulfill five Lipinski's rule. Based on the toxicity class LD50, the derivates of catechin belong to classes 4 and 6. In conclusion, it can be known that epicatechin and epigallocatechin can be developed as an antiviral for SARS CoV-2.
Manejo de la cascarilla de arroz como residuo postcosecha y su conversión en nanocelulosa
Authors: Pérez Ricardo Hernández , Olarte Paredes Alfredo , Salgado Delgado René , Salgado Delgado Areli Marlen , Medrano Atenas Salomé , Martínez Candia Fryda R.
Published: April 2022

La falta de conciencia ambiental de los productores agrícolas y las pobres políticas gubernamentales para el manejo de residuos es uno de los retos que enfrenta la agroindustria. La producción de nanobiocompuestos ha sido reconocida recientemente con la obtención de celulosa. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo la obtención y caracterización de nanocelulosa a partir de cascarilla del arroz (Oryza sativa L.) Var. “Morelos A-2010”, considerada como residuo contaminante producida en el estado de Morelos. La cascarilla de arroz fue tamizada, procesada mediante extracción alcalina, blanqueada y procesada por un pretratamiento ácido. A la celulosa obtenida se le realizo una hidrólisis ácida (H2SO4) y un tratamiento de sonicación para producir nanocelulosa. Al final, las muestras fueron procesadas por (FTIR), (DSC) y visualización morfológica, mediante (SEM). Se obtuvieron rendimientos de 29 a 41% de celulosa, con posterior conversión en nanocelulosa con cristales de 86 a 173 nm, concluyendo así, que este residuo puede tener un manejo sostenible y convertirse en un producto reciclable de alto potencial.