bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВЛИЯНИЕ ЧАСТОТЫ ВРАЩЕНИЯ РОТОРА ВОДОКОЛЬЦЕВЫХ
КОМПРЕССОРНЫХ МАШИН НА ПЕРЕКАЧИВАНИЕ ВОЗДУХА
Authors: Наумов Владимир Аркадьевич
Published: February 2021

Одним из важных преимуществ водокольцевых компрессорных машин (ВКМ) является возможность работы как в режиме вакуумного насоса, так и в ре-жиме воздуходувки. Производители размещают в открытом доступе результаты испытаний ВКМ. Исследователям доступны зависимости скорости откачки (за-качки) воздуха и затраченной мощности от давления в рабочей камере в обоих указанных режимах. Ранее в Калининградском государственном техническом университете (КГТУ) был разработан метод моделирования нагрузочных характеристик ВКМ по результатам испытаний. Нагрузочные характеристики использовались для расчета динамики давления в рабочей камере при перекачивании воздуха с помощью ВКМ. Установлено заметное влияние коэффициента утечки на параметры процесса. Все исследования были выполнены при фиксированной частоте вращения ротора ВКМ. Современные ВКМ позволяют эксплуатировать их в широком диапазоне частот. Нами проанализировано влияние частоты вращения ротора ВКМ на подачу воздуха и затраченную мощность. Получены регрессионные зависимости подачи и мощности от давления при различных частотах. Параметры этих зависимостей определены по малому количеству экспериментальных точек, их числовые значения следует считать оценочными. Для уточнения последних требуется проведение дополнительных экспериментальных исследований в широком диапазоне частот. Была сформулирована и решена численным методом задача Коши для давления в рабочей камере. В режиме вакуумного насоса минимальное давление в ней не зависит от изменения частоты вращения, в режиме компрессора максимальное давление растет с увеличением частоты. В обоих режимах скорость перекачивания воздуха увеличивается, как и затраченная механическая работа. При этом время достижения заданного давления в рабочей камере уменьшается. Для перекачивания воздуха в рабочие камеры большего объема требуется затратить большую механическую энергию.
ПОИСК ВИДА ШАТУННОЙ КРИВОЙ В БАЗОВЫХ МЕХАНИЗМАХ ПИЩЕВЫХ МАШИН, РАБОТАЮЩИХ ПРИ ПЕРЕМЕННЫХ СИЛОВЫХ НАГРУЗКАХ
Authors: Середа Наталья Александровна , Федоров Сергей Васильевич
Published: February 2021

Выполнен анализ конструкций двух базовых механизмов, работающих при переменных силовых нагрузках. Известна конструкция механизма, в которой максимум технологической нагрузки имеет место в конце прямого хода, при этом на начало обратного приходится ее повышенное значение. Последнее к концу обратного интервала движения снижается. Упомянутый механизм применяется в пищевых машинах для фракционирования кусковых материалов. Его рабочий орган связан с шатуном, на котором закреплен лоток для размещения вышеозначенных материалов. Существует базовый механизм с характерным максимумом силового нагружения в середине интервала рабочего хода. Отметим, что в начале рабочего интервала движения у такового значение силовой нагрузки выше, чем в его конце. Этот механизм работает в составе щековой дробилки пищевой машины. В данном случае рабочий орган может быть связан с шатуном либо с коромыслом. Оба базовых механизма – кривошипно-коромысловые, содержащие две структурные группы. Предмет нашего исследования – вид шатунной кривой рассматриваемых механизмов. Предложен графоаналитический метод построения шатунной кривой – траектории характерной точки, расположенной на шатуне. Этот метод основан на определении длины отрезка и угла его наклона к межцентровому расстоянию базового механизма. Упомянутый отрезок соединяет точку на шатуне с шарнирно-неподвижной опорой анализируемого механизма. Последняя является подвижной связью коромысла со стойкой. Предложены зависимости для определения длины отрезка и угла его наклона к межцентровому расстоянию в аналитическом виде, полученные в функции угла поворота кривошипа базового механизма и ряда его геометрических параметров. В дальнейшем проводятся по-строение и анализ вида шатунной кривой кривошипно-коромыслового механизма. Показано, что шатун упомянутого механизма для фракционирования кусковых материалов движется возвратно-поступательно на большей части интервала кинематического цикла.
УТОЧНЕНИЕ ПЛОЩАДЕЙ ГОРЬКОВСКОГО И ЧЕБОКСАРСКОГО
ВОДОХРАНИЛИЩ НА ОСНОВЕ ДАННЫХ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО
ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ ЗЕМЛИ
Authors: Минина Людмила Михайловна , Минин Александр Евгеньевич
Published: February 2021

Оценка численности, состояния запасов, а также разработка общего допу-стимого улова и рекомендованного вылова водных биологических ресурсов тре-буют знания точных значений площадей акватории изучаемых водоемов. Наше исследование посвящено Горьковскому и Чебоксарскому водохранилищам, рас-положенным на р. Волге. Его цель – уточнение площадей этих водохранилищ с использованием спутниковых снимков. По результатам дешифрирования данных дистанционного зондирования со спутников Landsat за период с 1997 по 2020 гг. и оцифровки границ водохранилищ установлены 23 варианта площади Горьковского и 28 – Чебоксарского при разных уровнях воды. На основе проведенных измерений получены формулы зависимости площадей Горьковского и Чебоксарского водохранилищ от уровня воды в них, дающие возможность определять площадь данных водных объектов по известному уровню воды (коэффициент детерминации – 0,79 для Горьковского и 0,96 – для Чебоксарского). По расчетам, площадь Горьковского водохранилища при нормальном подпорном уровне (НПУ) (84 м) – 144,8 тыс. га, Чебоксарского при НПУ (63 м) – 102,1 тыс. га, а участка р. Оки, находящегося в зоне выклинивания подпора Чебоксарской ГЭС, – около 2,5 тыс. га. Выявлено, что площадь акватории Чебоксарского водохранилища характеризуется большей изменчивостью в зависимости от уровня воды, чем Горьковского, что связано, вероятно, с высоким коэффициентом водообмена Чебоксарского водохранилища. Проанализирована сезонная динамика площадей изучаемых водохранилищ. Уточнение площадей Горьковского и Чебоксарского водохранилищ с помощью геоинформационных систем дало возможность проведения более точной оценки численности водных биоресурсов и разработки корректных рекомендаций по их вылову в данных водоемах.
МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА РАЗРУШЕНИЯ ВОЛОКОН МЫШЕЧНОЙ ТКАНИ ПРИ РЕЗАНИИ РЫБЫ
Authors: Агеев Олег Вячеславович , Наумов Владимир Аркадьевич , Фатыхов Юрий Адгамович
Published: February 2021

Показана актуальность математического моделирования режимов разру-шения волокон мышечной ткани при резании рыбы. Мышечная ткань сырья опи-сана вязкоупругой реологической моделью Максвелла-Томсона. Определены два режима разрушения волокна материала – вязкий разрыв и упругий вырыв. Вязкий разрыв обеспечивает высокое качество поверхности среза. Получен комплекс ма-тематических моделей, позволяющих рассчитать интервалы времени наступления вязкого разрыва и упругого вырыва в зависимости от структурно-реологических свойств мышечной ткани и скорости ее деформирования режущим органом рыбоперерабатывающего оборудования. Разработаны модели, описывающие режим разрушения волокон, который характеризуется внезапно возникшей постоянной деформацией материала. Результаты моделирования показывают, что при увеличении безразмерной скорости качество поверхности среза сначала повышается за счет сокращения времени вязкого разрыва, а затем, при достижении характерного значения и дальнейшем росте скорости, ухудшается вследствие наступления упругого вырыва волокон. Установлено, что к снижению качества поверхности среза приводят увеличение меры эластичности материала, рост безразмерной скорости резания, а также изменение безразмерного критерия прочности материала. Показано, что с ростом величины внезапно возникшей относительной деформации интервал времени вязкого разрыва немонотонно снижается и стремится к нулю. Определено, что с увеличением мгновенного и запаздывающего модулей упругости материала интервал времени наступления вязкого разрыва существенно сокращается. С повышением коэффициента динамической вязкости мышечной ткани вязкий разрыв наступает позже. При значениях критерия прочности, равного 3, длительного модуля упругости 63158 Н/м2, меры эластичности 3; 5; 8; 12 значения характерной безразмерной скорости составляют 0,095; 0,055; 0,032; 0,021, при этом показатели безразмерного интервала времени, соответствующего смене режима разрушения с вязкого разрыва на упругий вырыв, составляют 10; 20; 30; 45 соответственно.
Aplikasi Pemahaman tentang Sifat Allah dalam Pernyataan "Allah Menyesal" Berdasarkan Yunus 3:10
Authors: Budiman Sabda , Nainupu Astrid Maryam Yvonny
Published: February 2021

The concept of God's regret in Jonah 3:10 may be confusing to today's Christians if they do not get a proper understanding. God is All-knowing and All-wise. If God is sovereign why can He change in His decisions and become remorseful. Knowing the nature of Alah based on the understanding of this text is indispensable to today's Christians. In addition, a clear understanding of the nature of God based on the text of Jonah 3:10 will lead the present Christian mat to understand what should be done based on that understanding. This paper will provide a clear understanding of the concept of God's regret through the exeegese method and library research of the text from Jonah 3:10 Today's Christians understand the nature of God in the concept of god's regret clearly based on the text of Jonah 3:10 and respond correctly based on an understanding of the concept. So be not allah of those who show mercy. He knew that the Ninevites would repent, which is why He forced Jonah to go to Nineveh. He was also a merciful God even against evil pagans like Nineveh. And whatever the situation, he remains unchanged and fully sovereign. He is all-knowing and all-wise.

Abstrak
Konsep Allah yang menyesal di dalam Yunus 3:10 mungkin membingungkan bagi orang Kristen masa kini jika tidak mendapatkan pemahaman yang tepat. Jika Allah Mahatahu mengapa Allah menyesal. Jika Allah berdaulat mengapa Ia bisa berubah di dalam keputusan-Nya dan menjadi menyesal. Mengenal sifat Alah berdasarkan pemahaman terhadap teks ini sangat diperlukan oleh umat Kristen masa kini. Selain itu juga pemahaman tentang sifat Allah yang jelas berdasarkan teks Yunus 3:10 akan membawa mat Kristen masa kini untuk mmengerti apa yang seharusnya dilakukan berdasarkan pemahaman tersebut. Tulisan ini akan memberikan pemahaman tentang konsep menyesallah Allah secara jelas melalui metode eksegese dan penelitian pustaka terhadap teks dari Yunus 3:10 umat Kristen masa kini memahami sifat Allah di dalam konsep menyesallah Allah secara jelas berdasarkan teks Yunus 3:10 dan meresponi dengan benar berdasarkan pemahaman terhadap konsep tersebut. Karena sangat jelas bahwa Allah yang menyesal itu adalah Allah yang tetap Mahatau. Dia telah tahu bahwa orang Niniwe akan bertobat itulah sebabnya Ia memaksa Yunus untuk tetap pergi ke Niniwe. Ia juga Allah yang penuh dengan belas kasihan bahkan terhadap bangsa kafir yang jahat seperti Niniwe. Dan apapun situasinya, Ia tetap tidak berubah dan berdaulat sepenuh-Nya. Penyesalan-Nya justru membuktikan Ia Mahatahu, Mahakasih dan Mahaberdaulat.
Impact of HR Practices on Employee Turnover and Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Pakistani Universities
Authors: Khan Shakeel , Khan Muhammad Hashim , Mohmand Ali Muhammad , Misbah Syeda
Published: February 2021

This research examines the impact of pertinent HR practices/policies upon a person’s job contentment and turnover in higher educational institutes. A special context of universities of KP have been chosen where numerous employees have developed job dissatisfaction and increased turnover because of deteriorating security conditions including but not limited to terrorism attacks, civil unrest, widespread diseases and unconducive working environment. This has ultimately compelled them to leave their jobs and flee to other cities such as Islamabad and Karachi.  More specifically, three HR policies i.e. employee participation, training and performance appraisal are analysed to affect job satisfaction and turnover. A quantitative survey was conducted to assess job outcomes of University teachers in multiple cities especially where living conditions have deteriorated in the recent past. Respondents were segregated on the basis of age, income per month, designation and gender basis. Frequency analysis and Mean Average Scores are reported for each construct. The regression results suggest a positive significant relation of employee participation and performance appraisal with that of job satisfaction while a significant negative relation is found with turnover ratio. The study concludes that universities should focus on implementing HR policies and practices effectively in workplace which will help retain employees and keep them motivated. This can be one of the many effective strategies to retain workforce and discourage brain-drain out of the country. The study ends with acknowledging limitations and offering future research directions.
Economic Analysis of Fish Farming in Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Umair , Nadeem Nasir , Baig Irfan Ahmed , Ahmed Umer Ijaz
Published: February 2021

Fish consumption is very less in Pakistan as compared to the world. The study was designed to conduct the economic analysis of the fish farming. Two districts were selected with the highest number of fish farms, i.e. Muzaffargarh and Khanewal. A total of 50 fish farms from both study areas were selected randomly for the study. Economic analysis was carried out from the collected data to estimate the profitability of fish farming. In order to make a comparison of profitability of fish farming with crop cultivation on per acre basis, data from 50 farmers from crop sector were also collected. The results revealed that fish farming was more profitable as compared to crop farming in the study area. Net income per acre was estimated at Rs. 252426 from fish farming as compared to net income per acre of Rs. 58612 from wheat-cotton, Rs. 72662 from cotton-rice and Rs. 53290 from sugarcane cultivation. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) of fish farming was calculated 1:1.52 and 1: 1.74 with and without land rent respectively. It illustrates that the enterprise yields 1.52 rupees and 1.74 rupees for every rupee invested. On the basis of results, it is suggested that fish farming should be promoted, especially in the areas of saline soils to enhance food security and uplifting the socioeconomic conditions of small farmers.
The Role of Job Stress on Employee Motivation and Performance in the Electric Power Organization of Pakistan
Authors: Afzal Awais , Dost Khyzer Bin , Bhutta Ehsan , Ali Syed Adnan
Published: February 2021

The aim of these studies that decreases the stress factors and improve the motivational level and performance of the organization. Job stress creates the role conflict, lake of feedback, unregularly, disordering, psychological and physical effect. In this study, we minimize the stress level and improve the motivational level and performance. The questioners have distributed among employee contribution the information of the seniors, graduate employee, including customer’s service and manager of a well-reputed rising organization in Pakistan. The 300 questioners distributed response of questioner was 255 the information was got through the close-ended questionnaire. The statistical test of regression, correlation, reliability were also measured. The significances are remarkable with the negative correlation between job stress and motivation and disclose that job stress prominently shortens the motivation of a specific. The consequences propose to the organization that they have maintained a very healthy cooperative and amicable atmosphere within the group for best motivation. In this study, the author was limited by a low response rate. Shortage of time which has been defined to deal this study is very limited for the collection of lots of data and this is the limitation which has to be parted with the central academic task which concluded and getting ready in confronted discussion and trials. The carelessness answerable people to answer the questioner in the proses of gathering knowledge information and data. It is the main issue in offering the requirements efforts for the investigated information. Few answerable people did not help the investigator in the time information data and knowledge collection and assembling. The consequences are remarkable with the negative correlation between job stress and motivation and disclose that job stress prominently shortens the motivation of a specific. The consequences propose to the institution that they have maintained a very healthy cooperative and amicable atmosphere within the group for best motivation. The value of this study is to disclose stress full and motivational elements for the workers in the organization. So to complete this purpose further sub-objective are maintained to find out the element that can cause job stress and elements that can motivate the workers' institution and highlight the influence of job stress and availability of motivational elements on the performance of the workers in the organization.
Factors Influencing Bankers’ Intention to Adopt Green Finance in Pakistan
Authors: Shafique Owais , Majeed Arslan
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that influence bankers’ intention to adopt green banking in Pakistan. Green banking refers to providing environment-friendly banking services and financial products through environment-friendly banking operations and infrastructure. It can be referred to as sustainable lending and depository products and bank’s services through sustainable banking operations and infrastructure. The data for this study was collected from 250 respondents through a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the partial least squares (PLS) approach. The study’s findings indicate that Policy Guidelines, Attitude towards usage, Central Bank Regulations, and Management commitment and support influence bankers’ intention to adopt green banking in Pakistan. This research will help the State bank of Pakistan and the bank’s senior management to identify the key factors influencing the adoption of green banking in Pakistan.
Perceptions of Special Education Teachers on the Internal Efficacy of Their Institutions: A Comparative Study
Authors: Zahid Muhammad , Ashraf Samina
Published: February 2021

Special education institutions are providing services to meet the unique needs of special students. Internal efficacy of any institution determines its effectiveness in terms of its outcomes. The current study was designed to explore the internal efficacy of special education institutions. The population of the study comprised of teachers teaching in the special education institution of the Lahore city. Sample of the study consisted of 200 teachers randomly selected from public and private sector special education institutions, currently performing their duties in the Lahore city. The study was quantitative in its nature conducting with descriptive research design. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect the data from the teachers after getting permission from its author. Initially, the questionnaire was piloted on a small number of participants to ensure its reliability. That was confirmed through Cronbach alpha (.750). After ensuring ethical considerations, researchers collected data by themselves from the teachers. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Results of independent sample t-test show the statistically significant difference between the public and private sector institutions’ internal efficacy. The internal efficacy of public sector special education institutions was better as compared to private sector special education institutions. Majority of the special education teachers serving in public sector institutes ranked the institutional communication, working environment, quality of education and professional support as major determined of internal efficacy of their institutions. The study has recommended that the private sector special education institutions need to enhance their internal efficacy.
Impact of Karakoram Highway on the Education and Health Development of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
Authors: Anwar Salman , Khan Nouman , Mumtaz Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Education is the soul of a society. It is a long term investment by a state to develop its human capital. Those countries which invested heavily in human development are reaping the benefits. Education and health as indicators of human development are of utmost importance. Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) in the extreme north of Pakistan is a mountainous area. Before the construction of Karakoram Highway (KKH), their status of education and health was extremely miserable. Only 3 middle and 80 primary schools were available in the entire area of Gilgit-Baltistan. Similarly, 2 hospitals and 10 small dispensaries were available in the health sector. Therefore, this study is an effort to evaluate the impact of KKH on education and health development of Gilgit-Baltistan. Results show a significant change and development, especially in the education sector. However, in the health sector, there is an intense need for more investment. As the area of Gilgit-Baltistan is vast and scattered, the people face difficulties in reaching the health care centres.
Energy Consumption and Four Growth Hypotheses: an Evidence From Saarc Nations
Authors: Ullah Shafqut , Mahmood Tahir
Published: February 2021

The contemporaneous study investigates the directional relationship between economic growth and energy consumption for four selected SAARC nations from 1990 to 2018 within a panel-data framework. In the empirical literature, conservation, growth, feedback, and neutral hypotheses exist between energy and economic growth. First, study implies a Granger causality test to find the short-run directional relationship. Secondly, it checks the order of panel unit root that is a prerequisite condition for cointegration particularly when we have a long panel.  In the end, based on panel unit root, the study estimates the model with the help of FMOLS to find a long-run relationship. The present study explores the conservation hypothesis in the short run at the regional level for Bangladesh and Pakistan. While the feedback hypothesis and neutral hypothesis exist in case of India and Sri-Lanka respectively. On the other hand, in the long run, there is cointegration between economic growth and energy use, while the direction conforms to the feedback hypothesis in our panel after allowing heterogeneous cross-sectional effect. Thus, energy and economic growth are coupled with each other in the long run at a regional level whereas, energy as a factor of the production process does not contribute significantly in the short run. It is because this region is labour abundant, therefore, the share of energy is significantly low in the final output as compared to developed nations. Consequently, the availability of energy at affordable prices truly matters for developing nations of SAARC.
Major Barriers to Manufacturing SMEs Growth and Survival: Evidence From Emerging Economy Pakistan
Authors: Ali Sher , Bilal Hazrat , Ahmad Ashfaq , Hussain Jawad
Published: February 2021

SMEs play a tremendous role in increased national economic development and consider the backbone of the economy around the world. It contributes a great share in the GDP of Pakistan and a huge number of the workforce involved. However, despite such great importance, the SMEs growth in Pakistan face numerous challenges for access to financial resources, market information, and procurement contract. Hence the main aim behind this study is to investigate the influence of these barriers on manufacturing SMEs' growth and survival. A structured questionnaire was distributed among 172 managerial level employees of manufacturing SMEs to explore the influence of financial resources, market information, and procurement contract on the growth of SMEs by incorporating the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The study shows that the lack of access to financial resources, market information, and procurement contract negatively influence the growth and survival of SMEs. Therefore, it needs a certain action to eliminate such barriers for SMEs' sustainable growth and survival. This study suggestion will help to contribute to policymakers and industry players to overcome such barriers.
An Overview of Women Entrepreneurship from Islamic Perspective
Authors: Muhammad Said , Ximei Kong , Sharif Ilyas , Haq Zahoor ul
Published: February 2021

Islam has encouraged women to participate in entrepreneurial activities for economic prosperity and social growth. Nevertheless, their participation in economic activities is very lesser than men globally. Previously, the field of entrepreneurship has been regarded as a male dominant sector. Entrepreneurship flourishes due to economic, social, ethical, and environmental factors while the practice of Sharia principles works as a catalyst in this process. Women entrepreneurship helps in alleviating poverty and unemployment that leads to socio-economic prosperity in a country. The motivation of starting women businesses varies in different cultures and geographic regions. Women engagements in different business activities can not only empower them socially and financially but can also share the household economic burden with men. Furthermore, it will also help them to make their decisions independently. Their entrepreneurial income can be used for their children’s education, health, and the betterment of society. They can also use the option of partnership within the family for the financial and social network. The challenges faced by these women entrepreneurs can be handled with their family support. This review provides a general overview of concepts, motives, challenges, and the prospects of women entrepreneurship from an Islamic perspective.
Comparative Analysis of Education Policy Reforms of Khyber Pakhtunkhuwa (KP) Pakistan since 2008-18
Authors: Khan Shakeel , Khan Muhammad Hashim , Gul Dur-e-Nayab
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study is to compare the educational reforms of two governments in public sector schools within the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) region and finds the difference in educational reforms between the government elected in 2008 and government elected in 2013 in KPK. The study uses quantitative approach and used secondary data which is collected from the Annual statistical Report issued from 2009 to 2015. This research explains relationship between independent variables and dependent variable through linear and multiple regression technique. The analysis shows that three independent variables namely Basic facilities, Number of teachers, Number of institution has great impact on student’s enrollment which shows changes made by present government in the education policy has increased the student’s enrollment in public sector schools. The study focuses only on three independent variables while there are some other factors which can affect the student’s enrollment in public sector school.
Institutional Role on Personality Grooming of Students at Higher Secondary Level
Authors: Rafique Sonia , Tatlah Ijaz Ahmad , Shabbir Muhammad
Published: February 2021

The institute defines its aims and sets educational objectives adapted to these aims. The institute has a clear and distinct sense of its core values and character, of its distinctive elements, of its place both in colleges and in society, and of its contribution to the public good. The aims of the study were (i). To explore the practices for development of personality in institutions. (ii) To identify the role of administrators of institutes for students ‘personality development. (iii)To determine which sector is more competent in doing better personality development at higher secondary level in private and public sector institutes. With survey design the study was descriptive in its nature. The population of the study was all private and public colleges of Punjab Province. Six hundred and twenty-eight out of seven hundred and twenty students, and also thirty administrators out of thirty-two, participated in the research. Instrument was tested by conducting Pilot testing with (?=.87) reliability. Parametric statistics and summary statistics were menu plated to check the assumption, Normality tests and Boxplot were applied. To compare the private and public institutes, Non-parametric test was applied on the given information. It was concluded from the study that (i) Activities related to personality development, are doing in institutions. (ii) Administrators are doing their job in personality development among boys and girls at higher secondary level. (iii) Private sector is doing better job to the development of student’s personality than public sector.
Perceived Leadership Capacities of Elementary School Head Teachers: Potential Differences of Gender and Experience
Authors: Ali Hakim , Basri Rabia , Hussain Bashir
Published: February 2021

Successful leadership mainly depends upon the knowledge and understanding about various leadership skills together with leader’s personal capacity to execute these skills efficiently. Elementary school head teachers, therefore, require notable expertise to professionally perform their important administrative responsibilities for achieving the school goals and objectives. In this context, this survey study was mainly conducted to investigate the extent of the leadership capacities of elementary school head teachers’ they possessed and differences in their views when grouped by their gender and administrative experience. To achieve the objective, a questionnaire comprising 24-items with six subscales developed by Ng (2010) was adapted with minor changes. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 363 head teachers randomly selected from 1014 elementary schools of Multan division and finally 336 (92.6%) responded. Results of descriptive statistical analyses suggest that the participants believed with high consensus that they were not well equipped with needed leadership skills in four areas specifically in the area of ‘quality assurance and accountability’.  Inferential statistical tests revealed no significant differences in participants’ perceptions based on their gender. Significant differences, however, were found in their views based on their administrative experience. The conclusions of this study point to the relevant strategies for planning continuous professional development of elementary school head teachers in Pakistan.
Substantial Impact of Cognitive Interpretation, Organization and Social Factors on the Effective Information Technology Usage
Authors: Abbas Nargis , Nasreen Saima , Ashiq Uzma
Published: February 2021

Effective Information Technology usage refers to the intelligent utilization of all mediums of IT to gain maximum benefits. In order to survive in the current technological era, the teaching faculty is needed to use the information technology tools effectively to play progressive role in the educational institutions. The major objective of this study is to explore the influence of social, individual, and organizational factors on the university teachers to use the information technology effectively. In the current study, the population was included of all the teaching faculty which was the part of the Public universities of Punjab. A sample of 300 teachers was selected from 3 general public universities through multistage sampling technique. A Quantitative Survey research design was adopted and a survey instrument (7-point Likert scale) based on Davis’ TAM and M. Talukder. The inferential and descriptive statistics were applied for the data analysis. It was revealed in the results that the effective usage of IT was influenced by all the five sub variables of individual cognitive interpretational factors including prior experience, perceived usefulness, image, personal innovativeness. In organizational factor, the sub variable ‘incentives’ was found to have significant effect on the effective usage of IT. Similarly, under social factor, the peer pressure influence was found significantly determining the effective IT usage. It is suggested that for increasing the effective use of information technology, at administration level, information technology expertise should be made an integral part of selection criteria for university faculty
Identification of the Educational Problems at Higher Secondary Schools of Lahore
Authors: Sarfraz Raheela , Jabeen Sadaf , Sajid Muhammad Ashraf , Ali Muhammad Shahid Zulfiqar
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted with the aim to find out educational problems faced by the teachers at higher secondary level by keeping in mind their most common issues regarding discipline, books, environment regarding teaching and learning, conduction of exams. This study was descriptive in nature and survey method was used to identify the higher secondary teachers’ perceptions about educational problems that they faced. The sample has been selected while using the convenient sampling technique. The total 215 teachers were working in the boys’ HSCs selected as the sample. On the other hand 282 female teachers have been selected for the study as a sample. The researcher collected the data while adapting the close ended questionnaire developed by (Ayub, 2014). There are 32 items included in the aforementioned research questionnaire. The descriptive statistics percentage and Mann Whitney U test was applied by the researcher to analyze the data. In the light of findings of current study it is concluded that the educational problems exist at Higher Secondary schools Lahore. However, the teachers replied that they try to resolve the students’ problem by discussing the issues with their colleagues, principals and most importantly with students as well. It was also concluded that there was no mean score difference in male and female teachers regarding the existence of problems faced at Higher Schools Lahore.
Development of Quality Oriented Model for Restructuring of Pre-service Teacher Education Programs
Authors: Kanwal Wajiha , Basit Iffat , Ain Qurat ul
Published: February 2021

This study was premeditated to develop quality oriented model for restructuring of existing pre-service teacher education programs. Population of the study was comprised of all teacher educators and prospective teachers of teacher education institutions of Punjab and Islamabad, Pakistan. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select sample of 300 teacher educators and 890 prospective teachers from 30 institutions. Two research questionnaires were used for data collection. Results revealed that prospective teachers enrolled in Bachelor of Education (Honors) were dissatisfied with the institutional environment, practical work, assessment techniques and features of teacher education. Whereas prospective teachers enrolled in Bachelor of Education one year program showed dissatisfaction with program duration. that teacher Educators teaching at Bachelor of Education (Honors) expressed dissatisfaction about physical resources, teachers’ competencies, teaching strategies, assessment techniques, professional skills, appreciative features of programs and institutional efforts to raise quality of the programs. Prospective teachers and teacher educators associated with both programs somewhat expressed similar opinions regarding quality of the programs.  It is, therefore, recommended that teacher education institutions may improve the quality of both programs keeping in view quality related concerns of the teacher educators and prospective teachers.
An Econometric Investigation of Sectoral Output and Environmental Degradation in Pakistan
Authors: Bashir Furrukh , Chaudhry Imran Sharif , Ahmad Rashid , Habib Fiza
Published: February 2021

This study examines effect of sectoral output (agriculture, industry and services) on environmental degradation in Pakistan ranging from period 1972 to 2017. This study makes use of Augmented Dickey Fuller test (ADF) followed by Autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL). The empirical results show that Co2 emission in Pakistan is increased by Industrial sector output, population and energy consumption while agriculture sector output, services sector output and exports are reducing carbon dioxide emission.
Crowdfunding as a tool for attracting investments in the innovative sector of the economy
Authors: Mikhailyuk M. N. , Chinazirova S. K. , Kostenko R. V.
Published: February 2021

In the context of digitalization, a special role in increasing the economic potential of the country is played by stimulating innovation and creating favorable conditions for doing business. The May decrees of the President of the Russian Federation determined the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024, which include an increase in the number of organizations implementing technological innovations [1]. At the same time, the priority task is to create conditions for the inflow of long-term financial resources into the economy. The solution to this problem will be facilitated not only by ensuring access for companies in the real sector of the economy to traditional channels of raising capital (bank lending, bonds and shares), but also by developing alternative investment mechanisms such as crowdfunding direct investments. The purpose of this article is to develop a concept for the creation and development of the infrastructure necessary for them by assessing the effectiveness of the current state and problems of the functioning of investment platforms in Russia. At the same time, modern methods of scientific knowledge were used: analysis, synthesis, induction, abstraction. The article substantiates the relevance of using crowdfunding as an important tool for information support of innovative projects (startups) of individuals and legal entities. The state and problems of development of investment platforms in Russia are investigated. At the same time, the factors of low popularity of investment platforms in Russia were identified. In addition, the legislative regulation of investment platforms in Russia was considered. Proposed activities for the development of investment platforms in Russia, such as: developing and conducting a strategic communication campaign, creating and maintaining a Central Repository of Public Sector Case Studies, and creating an underwriting mechanism or bridging fund for PPP projects.
Features of spring vegetation of hazel leaves in the foothills of the Republic of Adygea
Authors: Pchikhachev E. K. , Isushcheva T. A.
Published: February 2021

The article provides information about one of the areas of work associated with hazel carried out by the Adygh branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «Federal Research Center «Subtropical Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences». The territorial location of this institution is the foothills of the Republic of Adygea, where the objects of the research, i.e. forms and varieties of hazel are located. The institution has been studying hazel since 1995. The article provides data on the collection site where the best forms and known varieties of hazel grow. At the collection site, phenological observations of hazel were carried out from 2017 to 2019. The information is given on the number of forms and varieties of hazel growing on the collection site, on the features of spring vegetation of leaves. The expression «spring vegetation of hazel leaves» implies several spring phenological phases of hazel, such as «beginning of leaf bud swelling»; «massive swelling of leaf buds»; «beginning of leaf bud opening» and «the maximum length of the leaf plate is 5 cm». The meteorological indicators of the studied period from 2017 to 2019 have been indicated. The article discusses the prospects of certain forms and varieties for various breeding purposes. Based on the data presented, it has been concluded that: 2017 was the most unfavorable of the three years of research in the meteorological plan; the earliest leaf vegetation during the three years of research was observed in the «Zakatala» variety; the leaf reaches 5 cm in the «Trapezund» variety and the «Futkurami» variety the very first, and the 20/15 form.
Formation of an effective labor incentive system to increase the efficiency of an enterprise (on the example of the Tuapse department of the Azovo-Chernomorsky basin branch)
Authors: Dorgushaova A. K. , Kuzina T. S.
Published: February 2021

The article discusses some approaches to the system of incentives for employees to achieve the target indicators of enterprise development. Effective labor incentive systems attract and retain highly qualified workers, which positively affects the quality of services provided. The importance of dividing the types of incentives and their impact on the wages of workers has been noted. The greatest effect of incentives for personnel is achieved when the goals of the enterprise and the needs of employees are balanced. The company expresses its gratitude and interest to an employee and evaluates his/her work using material and non-material incentives. This article substantiates the effectiveness of incentives for employees, notes the appropriateness of the forms and methods of incentives chosen by the enterprise. The factors influencing the formation of a highly professional and effective team have been identified. The object of the study is the Tuapse Department of the Azovo-Chernomorsky Basin Branch of FSUE «Rosmorport» (hereinafter – the Enterprise). The purpose of the research is to determine promising directions for the development of the labor incentive system. The article considers the main activities of the Tuapse Department of the Azovo-Chernomorsky Basin Branch of FSUE «Rosmorport» represented by the following types of services: navigation, information, pilotage, dredging, tugboat services, services for the provision of berths for anchorage of ships and provision of crew vessels. A wide range of specialized services requires professionally trained personnel of the enterprise. The qualitative indicators of the personnel of the enterprise have been analyzed according to the following characteristics: education level, suitability for the position held, level of qualifications. The ratio of employees of the enterprise depending on the functional composition has been revealed. The total number of employees of the enterprise, retraining and advanced training, dependence of incentive payments on the length of service have been considered in dynamics for 5 years. Measures to increase the efficiency of the personnel of the Tuapse Department of the FSUE «Rosmorport» Azovo-Chernomorsky Basin Branch have been developed and proposed.
Does IFRS Implementation Improve Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information: Evidence from Saudi Commercial Banks
Authors: Ebaid Ibrahim El-Sayed
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) implementation on the quality of financial reporting of commercial banks in Saudi Arabia. The quality of financial statements was measured using qualitative characteristics of accounting information i.e., relevance, faith representation, understandability, comparability and timeliness.
Approach/Methodology/Design: This study is cross-sectional and a questionnaire was used to collect data   regarding the effect of implementing IFRS on five of the qualitative characteristics of the accounting information, including two of fundamental characteristics: relevance, faithful representation and three of the enhancing characteristics: understandability, comparability, and timeliness. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The population of the study includes all the 12 commercial banks listed in the Saudi Stock Exchange.
Findings: The finding of the study reveals that the quality of financial reports which is measured through qualitative characteristics of accounting information (relevance, faith representation understandability, comparability and timeliness) was improved significantly after implementing IFRS compared with the period prior to the implementation of these standards. 
Practical Implications: The study has implications for standards makers and users of the financial statements of banks in Saudi Arabia. Results of the study confirm the positive effect of implementing IFRS on the qualitative characteristics of accounting information, which is the basis for decision-making. These results are evidence in support of the transition plan to implement IFRS approved by Saudi Arabia
Originality/value: The benefits of implementing IFRS have undergone many studies in developed countries, especially Europe. Little is known about these benefits in developing countries. The study adds to this limited body of studies by examining the effect of implementing IFRS in Saudi Arabia as one of the developing countries.
The Investigation of the Effect of Emotional Availability to Parents on Self-Esteem and Interpersonal Competence in University Students
Authors: YÜCEL Sümeyye , TUZCUOĞLU Adem Semai
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this research; it is the study of the effect of emotional availibility to parents on the self-esteem and interpersonal competence in university students. The research is a predictive correlational pattern from quantitative research patterns. The study group consists of 446 university students studying at undergraduate programs at Marmara University, determined according to the principle of accessibility and availability. As a data collection tool; The Personal Information Form, Parental Emotional Availibility Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Interpersonal Competency Scale created by the researchers were used. In analyzing the data, Pearson Correlation Analyses and Simple Linear Regression analyzes were performed. According to the results obtained from the research; Emotional availibility to parents predicts self-esteem and interpersonal competence in university students. Some suggestions were made to the researchers and practitioners considering that the results will contribute to the literature on parent-child relationship, family therapies and individual therapies, interpersonal relations.
Pragmatic Leadership Practices in Dangerous Contexts: High-Reliability Organizations (HRO) for Pandemic COVID-19
Authors: van Stralen Daved , McKay Sean , Mercer Thomas
Published: February 2021

The threat of COVID-19 to professionals has become personal. Professionals in neonatal healthcare can acquire infection and unknowingly become a vector, infecting babies, and their colleagues. A pragmatic stance of leadership, derived from leadership in extremis, communicates to subordinates that leaders have their immediate well-being in mind while engaging in demanding situations. Effective leadership for ill-structured problems embedded in the environment has distinct characteristics such as modeling cognitive and affective skills (attitudes and the contingent value of information) and the ability to modulate emotional states. Pragmatic leaders effectively increase subordinates' collective stress capacity for, and leverage individual capabilities during, in extremis circumstances. This paper describes pragmatic leadership characteristics and practices derived from experience, primary sciences, and High Reliability Organizations (HRO).
Las nuevas prácticas digitales de docentes de cursos artísticos en la educación superior en Latinoamérica a raíz de la pandemia COVID-19: Aproximaciones y experiencias
Authors: Chaparro Huauya Beatriz Liliana
Published: February 2021

La pandemia trajo consigo un vertiginoso cambio no solo político, social y económico, sino una transformación y evolución prácticamente obligatoria e inmediata hacia la educación virtual en el mundo y Latinoamérica no fue la excepción. Este trabajo aborda la experiencia de cuatro docentes de arte de educación superior, dos peruanos, una mexicana y un colombiano- cubano sobre las nuevas prácticas digitales en la actual educación virtual durante este contexto de pandemia y las reflexiones que conlleva repensar la educación, la tecnología y la enseñanza de las disciplinas artísticas en formatos virtuales como parte de las estrategias metodológicas que incorporan a su práctica docente. Se recurrió al uso de la bibliografía sobre competencias digitales de docentes de arte, educación artística y el uso de las TIC en Latinoamérica, así como entrevistas a docentes latinoamericanos para describir sus prácticas metodológicas en el aula virtual y su apreciación de los recursos tecnológicos en el campo de las artes.