bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liever moe dan lui: werkloosheid en tewerkstelling van jongeren in Vlaanderen
Authors: De Witte Hans
Published: May 2023

In deze bijdrage worden enkele basistrends geschetst over de tewerkstellings- en werkloosheidssituatie van jongeren in Vlaanderen. Drie topics komen daarbij aan bod. Eerst wordt de evolutie van de jeugdwerkloosheid en haar oorzaken in kaart gebracht. Vervolgens wordt een overzicht geboden van de kwaliteit en de stabiliteit van de tewerkstelling van jongeren. Tot slot wordt ingegaan op de individuele en maatschappelijke gevolgen van jeugdwerkloosheid. Het optimisme over de verbetering van de jeugdwerkloosheid wordt hierdoor in aanzienlijke mate genuanceerd. De daling van de werkloosheid onder jongeren sinds 1983 werd immers veroorzaakt door een afname van het aanbod aan jongeren op de arbeidsmarkt en niet door een toename van het aantal arbeidsplaatsen. Daarnaast werd de kwaliteit en de stabiliteit van hun tewerkstelling aangetast. Werkloosheid bemoeilijkt tot slot de psychische ontwikkeling van jongeren en vergroot hun bereidheid tot toegevingen om toch maar werk te vinden. Daardoor vergroten jongeren hun weerloosheid, terwijl de solidariteit onder werknemers erdoor kan worden ondergraven.
Uitgesteld paradijs- of een kaleidoscopische kijk op het wonen in het Vlaanderen van de jaren '80
Authors: De Decker Pascal
Published: May 2023

Dit artikel behandelt de huisvestingssituatie in en het huisvestingsbeleid van het Vlaanderen van de Jaren '80. Vastgesteld moet worden dat de doelstelling van het huisvestingsbeleid niet gerealiseerd werden. Er wordt ingegaan op de oorzaken daarvan, alsook op de gevolgen op de actuele processen op de woningmarkt. Na een schets van de probleemstelling, wordt in een eerste deel een overzicht gegeven van de voornaamste overheidsmaatregelen voor huisvesting. In een tweede deel wordt vervolgens empirisch materiaal aangebracht die aantonen dat de huisvestingssituatie in België en Vlaanderen op belangrijke punten verschilt van deze in andere West Europese landen. In een derde deel gaan we dan in op de actuele dynamieken op de woningmarkt. Er komt een duidelijk kwalitatief woningtekort naar voor.
Sociale bewegingen, zuilen en de strijd om de moderniteit
Authors: Hellemans Staf
Published: May 2023

Alhoewel sociale bewegingen reeds vóór 1800 voorkwamen, promoveren zij pas nadien tot permanente en centrale actoren in de strijd om de inrichting van de, dan moderne, samenleving. Gesterkt door massa's militanten en door massa-organisaties, eventueel zelfs zuilen, pogen deze grote sociale bewegingen (conservatieve, liberale, socialistische, fascistische, ethnische,...) de moderne samenleving naar hun beeld en gelijkenis te kneden. Met gevolg is een titanenstrijd tussen deze grote bewegingen, die meestal de vorm aanneemt van een stellingenoorlog (cfr. de notie "segmented pluralism"), maar soms ook uitloopt op éénpartijen-regimes. Na 1945 en vooral sinds de jaren '60 zijn de grote bewegingen op de terugweg en krijgen we een proliferatie van kwetsbare zgn. "nieuwe sociale bewegingen". Vermits de grote contrasten aldus zijn weggevallen, is de hedendaagse samenleving meer dan tevoren gehuld in een waas van onoverzichtelijkheid.
Katholicisme en "methodische levensstijl" : een sociologische analyse van het discours van de Katholieke Actie in Vlaanderen in het licht van Max Webers protestantisme-studie
Authors: Laermans Rudi
Published: May 2023

In zijn studie over het ascetisch protestantisme beschrijft Max Weber hoe de combinatie van de predestinatie-idee met de verwerping van alle vormen van sacramentele genade (o.m. de biecht) in een diepgaande rationalisering van het ethisch gedrag resulteerde: om zijn zielenheil te waarborgen, leidde de ascetische protestant een leven gekenmerkt door "de alerte, methodische controle van zijn eigen levens- en gedragspatroon". Een analyse van het discours van de Katholieke Actie in Vlaanderen tijdens de période 1930-1960 leert dat deze beweging verwantschappen met het door Weber beschreven ascetisch protestantisme vertoont. De Katholieke Actie-beweging spoorde een elite van zgn. lekenapostelen tot een meer methodische en gerationaliseerde levensstijl aan. De leden werden voortdurend opgeroepen alle vormen van zondig of onzedig handelen te bestrijden, zowel binnen de moderne gelaïciseerde samenleving, als binnen hun eigen persoonlijkheid. In het licht van deze bevindingen wordt het discours van de Katholieke Actie een vorm van binnenwerelds ascetisch katholicisme genoemd. Uiteraard was de gepropageerde ascetische levensstijl voor de leden van de Katholieke Actie-beweging enkel een individuele mogelijkheid en niet een psychische noodzaak. Als zodanig kende (en kent) het ascetisch katholicisme nimmer de "psychologische premies" op zelfbeheersing en affectcontrole die de ascetische protestant volgens Weber juist aanzetten tot een volgehouden "methodische Lebensführung".
Toekomstbeelden: basisinkomen: alternatieve uitkering of nieuw paradigma?
Authors: Roebroek Joop M. , Hogenboom Erik
Published: May 2023

In deze bijdrage wordt de reikwijdte van het basisinkomen als toekomstige optie onderzocht tegen de achtergrond van recente maatschappelijke veranderingen en wijzigingen in stelsels van sociale zekerheid. Daartoe worden vier lijnen van argumentatie benut. Allereerst wordt het basisinkomen geplaatst binnen het geheel van bestaande sociale zekerheidsarrangementen. Daarbij wordt betoogd dat het basisinkomen een elementaire vorm van onvoorwaardelijk inkomen in termen van arbeid en inkomen representeert. Ten tweede wordt de actualiteit van het basisinkomen aan een nader onderzoek onderworpen. Daarbij worden argumentaties voor en tegen een basisinkomen bestudeerd, wordt het sociale en politieke draagvlak in kaart gebracht, en wordt een specifieke relatie tussen de validiteit van het basisinkomen als toekomstige optie enerzijds, en de mate van werkloosheid en het specifieke karakter van het bestaande stelsel van sociale zekerheid anderzijds bloot gelegd. Ten derde wordt het basisinkomen tegen de achtergrond van bredere processen van maatschappelijke ordering geplaatst, als onderdeel van maatschappelijke projecten. Dat concept refereert aan een min of meer coherent geheel van ideeën en opvattingen over maatschappelijke ordering en de specifieke relatie tussen staat en maatschappij. Tenslotte worden enige argumenten naar voren geschoven inzake een heroverweging van bestaande stelsel van sociale zekerheid en mogelijke veranderingsprocessen in de (nabije) toekomst
Hoe is het woord "samenleving" mogelijk? : korte gedachtengangen over dialectiek en cognitieve handelingscompetentie
Authors: Vancoillie Joeri
Published: May 2023

Dit artikel beweert dat wie het woord ’dialectiek’ dualistisch gebruikt er nooit het dualisme in de sociologie (nl. de tegenstelling tussen haar ’micro - en ’macro’-visies) mee kan ’oplossen’. Eerst worden enkele uitgangspunten over taal, betekenisgeving en handelen bekeken. Vervolgens wordt een andere kijk gesuggereerd op dialectiek. Om de samenleving uiteindelijk sociologisch vertelbaar te maken, wordt die opgevat als een schijnbare sociale orde die we enkel en alleen vanuit een begrip van ’intern begrensde handelingscompetentie’ kunnen vatten. Eén en ander verloopt in dit artikel door het naast elkaar leggen van twee verschillende sociologische visies : de cognitieve sociologie van Cicourel en de theorie van het communicatieve handelen van Habermas.
Geslachtsverschillen in mentale gezondheid: enkele kritische bemerkingen omtrent het gebruik van het sociale stressmodel
Authors: Bracke Piet
Published: May 2023

Voor de verklaring van geslachtsverschillen in de prevalentie van mentale stoornissen bij adolescenten en volwassenen maken sociologen meestal gebruik van stellingen ontleend aan het sociale stressmodel (de differentiële expositiehypothese en de differentiële vatbaarheidshypothese). Psychiatrisch-epidemiologisch onderzoek toont echter aan dot deze geslachtsverschillen stoornisspecifiek zijn : mannen vertonen eerder alcoholproblemen en anti-sociaal gedrag vrouwen vooral aan angst- en depressiviteit gerelateerde Symptomen. Dit gegeven kan moeilijk vanuit het sociale stressmodel verklaard worden. Daarom wordt gepleit voor een visie op de relatie tussen samenleving en mentale gezondheid waarbij meer nadruk ligt (a) op de conceptualisering van mentale stoornissen als gedragspatronen gericht op de hantering van spanningssituaties, en (b) op de structurerende i.p.v. de stresserende invloed van sociale factoren.
Het subcultureel decor van de levensverhalen van een aantal Vlaamse lesbiennes
Authors: Van Hove Hildegarde
Published: May 2023

Dit artikel handelt over de vorming van zelfbeelden bij Vlaamse lesbiennes en de rol die de lesbische subcultuur daarin speelt. Het concrete proces van betekenisgeving wordt bestudeerd. Deze probleemstelling is gerezen in de loop van een kwalitatief onderzoek waar de fases van dataverzameling en -analyse niet strikt gescheiden werden, maar gelijktijdig verliepen. Er werd vastgesteld dat er opvallend weinig overeenkomst bestond tussen de zelfbeelden van de verschillende respondenten, hoewel ieder verhaal afzonderlijk wel mooi in elkaar zat en het proces van betekenisgeving ten dele te reconstrueren was. Die vaststelling nodigde uit om het specifieke in elke verhaal te bekijken en deed de vraag rijzen of er in wetenschappelijk onderzoek naar identiteitsvorming bij homosexuelen niet vaak te sterk abstractie wordt gemaakt van de concrete betekenisgeving. Regelmatig wordt er immers geschetst hoe een homosexuele identiteit doorheen verschillende fases tot stand zou komen, of worden er bepaalde identiteitstypes beschreven (Ponse, 1978; Schreurs, 1986; Kitzinger, 1987; Jenness, 1992). De lesbische subcultuur zou hier een belangrijke rol in speien. De specifieke vraag naar de impact van de lesbische subcultuur kan verder ook begrepen worden in relatie tot de Stelling dat de subculturele ideeën bij wijze van spreken een 'tegengif zouden vormen tegen de negatieve betekenissen die er in de dominante cultuur aan lesbiennes worden gekoppeld (Schreurs, 1986: 19-21; 63-64; Jennes, 1992; 67; 72-73). Zonder aan de manier waarop een lesbienne zich verhoudt tot de subcultuur bepaalde persoonlijkheidstypes of ontwikkelingsfases te koppelen wordt er gekeken naar de concrete (her-)interpretaties van de subculturele ideeën. Er zal eerst worden ingegaan op de concepten zelfbeeld, lesbiennes, achtergrond van een zelfbeeld, en lesbische subcultuur, zonder evenwel volledig abstractie te maken van het concrete onderzoek. Vervolgens wordt de onderzoeksmethode toegelicht. Aan de hand van concrete levensverhalen wordt er dan ingegaan op het proces van betekenisgeving en de mate waarin de subcultuur hier een rol in speelt. Tenslotte worden in het besluit de verschillende conclusies in verband met dit proces van betekenisgeving samengebracht.
Individualisering, sociale integratie en solidariteit: enkele thesen empirisch getoetst
Authors: Waege Hans
Published: May 2023

Individualization is at the core of contemporary Western European sociology. Like many other concepts in sociology, individualisation often is only poorly defined. In the first part of the article a more demanding definition of the concept is proposed. The importance of the aesthetic-hermeneutic dimension ofindividualisation and ofthe relativisation ofsocial control is stressed. De-traditionalisation on the contrary should not be considered as a part of the individualisation defintion. After this theoretical elaboration, a measure for individualisation is presented. This measure was used in a survey about Flemish twenty and twenty-one years old. Only a minority of these young people can be considered individualised. In the second part of the article, some theses concerning the relation between individualisation on the one hand and social integration and solidarity on the other hand are empirically tested in the same age group. Both objective and subjective measures are used to measure social integration. Based on these findings we have to conclude that there is no significant difference between individualised and non individualised on social integration. Concerning solidarity also, we have to conclude that there are only minor differences. Individualised young people vote more in favour of the green party and none of the individualised young people votes in favour of the extreme right party.
Allochtonen in Nederland, verontrusting en beleid
Authors: Bijlsma Tiede , Koopmans Frits
Published: May 2023

A survey of more than two thousand Dutch people reveals quite a bit of concern about the immigration and presence of ethnic minorities, both from an economic and a cultural perspective. Even those who are not concerned did not always choose an integration-oriented policy; such a policy was more frequently rejected than endorsed. This rejection is stronger, as one would expect, among those who expressed greater concern. Both concern and rejection were more frequently indicated by people with lower education than by those with higher education. Contrary to expectations, the level of both rejection and concern had little or nothing to do with other background characteristics studied; moreover, in various combinations of characteristics, only education showed any influence.
Sociale geslotenheid onder hoger opgeleiden: een vergelijking van huwelijkspatronen in 63 landen
Authors: Smits Jeroen
Published: May 2023

In this article, data on the association between the educational levels of spouses for 63 countries are analyzed to gain insight in the tendency towards social closure among the educational elites of these countries. The results show that in all of the countries individuals with a high educational level tend to marry within their own educational group, but that the strength of this tendency differs considerably among the countries, In the second part of the article, these differences among countries are explained in terms of the level of economic development, the degree of political democracy, the dominant religion, and the size of the educational elites. In countries with higher levels of economic development, in Protestant countries, in countries with an intermediate level of democracy, and in countries with larger educational elites, the tendency to marry within the own group among the higher educated is lower than in other countries. Besides differences among countries, also trends within countries are studied. The results of this analysis indicate that in the decades after World War II in most of the countries the openness of the educational elite has increased.
Katastrofekansen testen: een observatie van de maatschappijtheorie in Niklas Luhmann, die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft
Authors: Vancoillie Jeroen , Verschraegen Gert
Published: May 2023

In Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft (1997), Niklas Luhmann systematizes his theory of society. This article discusses the main lines of the book. Attention is given, first, to Luhmann's notion of society. According to Luhmann, society is the momentary whole of all Communications. Each observation of society takes place within society. Thus, sociology can’t consider itself to be an independent observer who studies society from the outside. Next, we focus on Luhmann's theory of evolution. We indicate how the evolution of society as a closed communicative system runs simultaneously with the evolution of communicative media. After marking the difference between Luhmann's theory of evolution and history, we connect the concept of evolution with Luhmann's differentiation theory. Finally, it is shown how evolution in forms of differentiation are being translated into societal self descriptions.
Het welbevinden van adolescenten met een buitenshuis-werkende moeder
Authors: Van Houtte Mieke
Published: May 2023

The topic of this article is the effect of mothers' employment on three indicators of well-being, namely self-esteem, locus of control and stress. The research population consists of 7431 adolescents. The analyses are carried out separately for girls and boys with families of different socioeconomic status. The underlying assumption is that the research population might determine whether an effect will be found or not, additionally, there are controls for some selection effects, for certain family characteristics and for the attention the adolescent receives at home. The conclusion of this article is that it is impossible to make general statements regarding the consequences of mother's employment: the research population plays a determining role. Moreover, the effects are minimal: for the majority of the adolescents in this research no effect has been found.
In het interferentiegebied tussen systeem en leefwereld: de zorg voor dementerenden
Authors: Declercq Anja
Published: May 2023

During the last decades, the care for elderly people suffering from dementia has strongly evolved. Moreover, people are seeking for an adequate definition of what 'good care' or 'high quality care' for people with dementia is. In this article, based on Habermas' theory of communicative action, it is stated that care for people with dementia has emancipated itself from the lifeworld into a system of care. However, in the current social situation, this system of care is not completely independent from the lifeworld. It is situated in the interferential zone between system and lifeworld. The care for people suffering from dementia therefore has characteristics stemming from system as well as lifeworld.
Onderzoek naar sociaal kapitaal: naar een attitudinale benadering
Authors: Stolle Dietlind
Published: May 2023

The concept of social capital has received much attention in recent social-science research, and responds mainly to the pathbreaking research by Robert Putnam on Italy. In this article, the author discusses the stage of social capital research to date and develops a research agenda that results from the logic of social capital theory and includes research on the sources and consequences of social capital and the relationship between its cultural and structural aspects. The author argues that the research about the sources and origins of social capital remains most underdeveloped, but the empirical and theoretical literature about the influence of families, networks, economic conditions and institutions on the formation of social capital constitutes a beginning. It is also argued that the different conceptualisations we encounter in the work of James Coleman and Robert Putnam are not irreconcilable, but find their origin in the different focus on empirical research questions, The attitudinal and the network approach to social capital research can be linked in that we more clearly identify the causal relationship between membership in various networks and attitudinal indicators of social capital such as generalised trust and norms of reciprocity.
Het sociaal kapitaal van de Nederlandse kiezer
Authors: Dekker Paul , De Hart Joep
Published: May 2023

Public involvement in politics and society are debated in a sombre mood these days. In recent American literature the decline of involvement is associated with a decline in social and institutional trust. After a brief review of this and older literature about possible connections, data from the Dutch national electoral studies 1972- 1998 are analysed to unveil trends in social and political participation and trust trends, and to explore their relatedness. There has been a decline in party politics in the Netherlands, a strong increase in 'unconventional' politics, an increase in social participation, an increase in social trust, and no clear trend in political trust. Social trust appears to be positively related with trust in parliament and in public Information. Social participation turns out to be linked with political participation, but it shows hardly any relationship with social trust. More detailed analyses of the 1998 data confirm the irrelevance of organised social interaction for trust: neither membership of 'secondary' organisations (opposed to 'tertiary' mailing list organisations) nor activity as a member has a consistent positive effect on trust. The participation-trust junction seems to be easily exaggerated in the present debate about 'social capita!1. The possibility of a dissociation between (steady) voluntary social involvement and (declining) participation in democratic political institutions, is a topic that deserves more interest.
Stedelijk beleid in Vlaanderen en Nederland: kansarmoede, sociale cohesie en sociaal kapitaal
Authors: Stouthuysen Patrick , Duyvendak Jan Willem , van der Graaf Peter
Published: May 2023

In "Making Democracy Work", Robert Putnam describes the evolution of northern and Southern Italy in terms of 'virtuous' and 'vicious circles'. The literature on social capital is mainly concerned with one part of these self-reinforcing processes, more particularly the relation between social capita! and the performance of specific institutions. The other part of the process -how institutions and policies in their turn advance or hamper norms and networks of civic engagement- is very rarely studied. In this article we discuss the possible consequences of the differences in Flemish and Dutch urban policies on the conditions conducive to the production of social capital.
Tussen 'Marokkaanse' en 'moslim': over de etnische en religieuze identiteit van 'Marokkaanse' adolescente meisjes
Authors: Fadil Nadia
Published: May 2023

This article is based on in-depth interviews and describes the way Moroccan adolescent girls in Belgium perceive their ethnical identity in a foreign context and is. By following the theoretical identity concept of Stuart Hall (1991), a distinction is made between a moment of differentiation and association. The first moment questions whether and how they identify themselves with their Moroccan identity. The second moment describes the way they try to fill in their Moroccan identity. A final focus of this article is on the place the Moroccan girls give to the Islam in their self-description. The article documents the immense diversity in the description the girls give of their Moroccan identity. On the other hand they all seem to emphasise a genealogical dimension in their self-description, to stress their common origin. As to the Islamic identity, the interviews show that there is a tendency towards dissociation from the Moroccan identity.
Op zoek naar het onvindbare volk: Pierre Rosanvallon en het probleem van de politieke representatie
Authors: Weymans Wim
Published: May 2023

This essay how the seemingly heterogeneous work of the sociologist and historian Pierre Rosanvallon can be read as a reflection on the problem of political representation. After having sketched that problem, the article turns to the method Rosanvallon uses to approach it as well as to the specific place he occupies in the French intellectual landscape. In a subsequent part, the genesis of the problem in the modern era is described. But where in most countries the problem was not directly visible, France experienced it already in the 19th century. An analysis of what happened then, may help us understand our problems today. The article closes with a diagnosis of the crisis of political representation and an assessment of the different remedies which are on offer. This reveals both the strengths and weaknesses of Rosanvallon’s approach.
Kerkelijke betrokkenheid, vertrouwen en etnocentrisme: een vergelijkende studie onder christelijke gelovigen in Europa
Authors: Hooghe Marc , Reeskens Tim
Published: May 2023

Within the sociology of religion, the relation between religious involvement and ethnocentrism has been a major topic of research, already since the work of Gordon Allport (1958). While most studies demonstrate a positive relation between religious involvement and ethnocentrism, others assume that religion could have a negative impact on ethnocentrism. Using the results of a 1991 survey, Billiet (1995) demonstrated that among Flemish respondents, religious involvement effectively reduces ethnocentrism. In this article, we replicate the Billiet study, by constructing a structural equation model for the relation between religious involvement and ethnocentrism. The analysis is based on the 2004 wave of the European Social Survey. Contrary to the Billiet study, we do not find a significant relation between religious involvement and ethnocentrism, at least not among Catholic believers. It is only among Protestant believers that we can observe a significant negative effect between religious involvement and ethnocentrism. In the conclusion we argue that differences between the various Christian denominations should be considered more explicitly in the ongoing research about the relation between religion and ethnocentrism.
Uit en thuis?: een verkennende analyse van publieke en private muziekconsumptie in Vlaanderen
Authors: Roose Henk
Published: May 2023

Research on cultural omnivorousness and its correlates uses a variety of measures, not only in terms of the cultural products/activities included, but also with regard to the nature of the relation with these products/activities. Some researchers use taste preferences, others use cultural praxis within the home or in the public sphere. This article probes into the interplay between public and private music consumption and the breadth of participation in and out of doors. Is there any convergence between the genres people listen to at home and those of the concerts they attend? Is the music palette broader at home or not? Using Latent Class Analysis a typology of private and public music consumers is constructed to see if different types of omnivores show up. By means of Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) – a technique popularized by Pierre Bourdieu in France – a space of music consumption in Flanders is created and its social structuring is explored.
De invloed van religieuze identiteit en maatschappelijke oriëntaties op de waardering voor beeldende kunst
Authors: van Eijck Koen
Published: May 2023

This study investigates visual arts preferences in a manner that contributes to the fi eld in two ways. Firstly, we included characteristics of respondents that differentiate not so much vertically between those with highbrow versus lowbrow taste (as do, e.g., education and age) but that differentiate between people with a more traditional versus a more modern taste. We thus incorporated religious orientation plus six social orientations (utilitarian and expressive individualism, solidarity, communitarianism, social isolation, and social disorientation) in our models. Secondly, cultural taste was measured in detail by presenting respondents with nine colour plates depicting different visual art styles. These nine evaluations were then reduced to two meaningful dimensions. Based on a Flemish sample of over 2500 adult respondents, the analyses show that there are clear relations between religion and, especially, our set of social orientations on the one hand, and preferences for more traditional versus more modern art styles, on the other. However, age (for classic/figurative art) and cultural capital (for modern/abstract art) remain the most important determinants of taste.
Ze zijn zo lief, meneer: etnische schoolcompositie en de jobsatisfactie van leerkrachten
Authors: Braeckman Maya
Published: May 2023

The consequences of teaching in schools with a high degree of ethnic minority students are rather unknown. Anglo-Saxon findings suggest a lower job satisfaction of the teachers in schools with more ethnic minority students. Research in Flanders is, however, nonexistent. This research examines (1) whether the job satisfaction of teachers varies with the ethnic school composition in Flanders, and (2) what part the expectations for the students, the perceived relationship quality, and the teacher efficacy play in this variation. Multilevel analyses of data from 2104 teachers in 84 secondary schools show that in Flanders, it is the socioeconomic school composition rather than the ethnic school composition which is important for the job satisfaction of teachers. The lower the socio-economic composition, the lower the expectations for the students. This undermines the job satisfaction, both directly and indirectly, through a lower perceived relationship quality and a lower teacher efficacy.
De openheid van de omnivoor: de sociale structurering van culturele leefstijlen in Vlaanderen
Authors: Roose Henk , van Eijck Koen , Lievens John
Published: May 2023

In this article we apply Multiple Correspondence Analysis to map the social structuring of cultural lifestyles in Flanders. Using survey data on cultural practices and dispositions of 2,849 people representative for the Flemish population, we are able to distinguish three underlying structuring dimensions: engagement versus disengagement, highbrow versus action and openness versus less openness. Cultural and economic capital are found to be associated with the first dimension, age with the second. The third dimension is related to different combinations of social categories. Results show that individuals express their openness to cultural practices in various and differing ways depending on the position they occupy in the social space, omnivorousness being only one of the manifestations specifically related to younger respondents with a lot of cultural capital.
De onderwijs- en kennissociologie van Basil Bernstein: naar een herontdekking en actualisering
Authors: Buyl Ernst
Published: May 2023

This article aims to introduce the key concepts of Basil Bernstein’s sociology to the Dutch-speaking public. Whilst Bernstein (1924-2000) cannot reasonably be considered as completely unfamiliar to academics in the Low Countries, in Flanders and Netherlands, the scholarly attention to Bernstein seems to be largely confined to his so-called ‘socio-linguistic these’. Therefore, this article endeavors to address this lacuna by giving an overview of the development and structure of Bernstein’s concepts. First, his core concepts ‘classification’ and ‘framing’ are presented, followed by an overview of Bernstein’s framework on pedagogy and pedagogisation, namely ‘the pedagogic device’. The article then discusses Bernstein’s epistemological critique on the state and structure of the sociology of education. Finally, the article introduces an important recent movement which directly stems from Bernstein’s sociology, namely ‘Legitimation Code Theory’. This fast-growing sociological movement analytically expands and operationalizes Bernstein’s frameworks. In this manner, the article aims to invite researchers and scholars to critically (re)discover the actuality and contemporary relevance of Bernstein’s sociology of education and pedagogy.
Mental Health Client Experiences of Telehealth in Aotearoa New Zealand During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons and Implications
Authors: Officer Tara N , Tait Marika , McBride-Henry Karen , Burnet Laura , Werkmeister Benjamin J
Published: May 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic and consequent lockdowns disrupted mental health service delivery worldwide, accelerating the adoption of telehealth services to provide care continuity. Telehealth-based research largely highlights the value of this service delivery method for a range of mental health conditions. However, only limited research exists exploring client perspectives of mental health services delivered via telehealth during the pandemic.

Objective

This study aimed to increase understanding of the perspectives of mental health clients around services provided via telehealth over the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Methods

Interpretive description methodology underpinned this qualitative inquiry. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 21 individuals (15 clients and 7 support people; 1 person was both a client and support person) to explore their experiences of outpatient mental health care delivered via telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Aotearoa New Zealand. A thematic analysis approach supported by field notes was used to analyze interview transcripts.

Results

The findings reveal that mental health services delivered via telehealth differed from those provided in person and led some participants to feel they need to manage their own care more actively. Participants highlighted several factors affecting their telehealth journey. These included the importance of maintaining and building relationships with clinicians, the creation of safe spaces within client and clinician home environments, and clinician readiness in facilitating care for clients and their support people. Participants noted weaknesses in the ability of clients and clinicians to discern nonverbal cues during telehealth conversations. Participants also emphasized that telehealth was a viable option for service delivery but that the reason for telehealth consultations and the technicalities of service delivery needed to be addressed.

Conclusions

Successful implementation requires ensuring solid relationship foundations between clients and clinicians. To safeguard minimum standards in delivering telehealth-based care, health professionals must ensure that the intent behind telehealth appointments is clearly articulated and documented for each person. In turn, health systems must ensure that health professionals have access to training and professional guidance to deliver effective telehealth consultations. Future research should aim to identify how therapeutic engagement with mental health services has changed, following a return to usual service delivery processes.
Connotation and Practice Path of How Intelligent Technology Improving the Education Level of the Elderly
Authors: Wenjing Xia
Published: May 2023

With the development of technology, the educational ability of the elderly will be greatly improved. The improvement of the education ability of the elderly emphasizes the connotation construction and quality improvement on the basis of quantity. The value of intelligent technology to enhance the education ability of the elderly is mainly reflected in the ability of carrying, updating and sharing resources, the utilization ability of quality teachers, the supporting service ability of learning space, and the systematic evaluation ability of education for the elderly. High quality to realize elderly education development, the school management, teachers’ teaching and students learning three levels to build the intelligent technology can assign elderly education ability model, and put forward should be from the logical dimension, ethical dimension, quality dimension and evaluation degree consider intelligent technology can assign elderly education ability promotion path.
Analysis & Design of G+5 Residential Building Using STAAD-PRO
Authors: Deep Akash
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Structural planning and design is an art and science of designing with economy elegance and durable structure. The entire process of structural planning and designing is not only requires imagination and conceptual thinking but also sound knowledge of structural engineering besides knowledge of practical aspects such as relevant design codes and by-loss backed up by example experiences. The purpose of standards is to ensure and enhance the safety, keeping careful balance between economy and safety. In the present study G+5 building of 9.0mX15.2m.Area 136.8sqmeter at Badarpur New Delhi , is designed (Slabs, Beams, Columns and Footings) using STADD PRO software. In order to design them, it is important to first obtain the plan of the particular building that is, positioning of the particular rooms (Drawing room, bed room, kitchen toilet etc.) such that they serve their respective purpose and also suiting to the requirement and comfort of the inhabitants. Thereby depending on the suitability; plan layout of beams and the position of columns are fixed.
Motorcycle Rules Violation Detection and Analysis System Using Deep Learning
Authors: Babu Kevin Paul
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Nowadays motorcycle accidents are increasing day by day. Helmets are the most important and main safety equipment of motorcyclists .But in most of the accident cases, we can observe that most of the motorcyclists might not have worn a helmet. The main aim of wearing helmets is to protect the driver’s head when an accident occurs. The existing system lacks an efficient mechanism for detecting and monitoring violations of motorcycle rules such as riding triples, not wearing helmets, and over-speeding. There is a need for an automated system that can accurately identify and track motorcycles violating the rules, enabling law enforcement agencies to take appropriate action. The current process of manual identification and reporting of violations is time-consuming, prone to errors, and does not provide real-time insights on the frequency and distribution of violations across different areas. Law enforcement authorities require a comprehensive analysis of the violations per area to understand the problem areas and allocate resources effectively for enforcement and awareness campaigns.
Health Hazards and Safety Management in Construction Industry Using Linear Regression Model
Authors: Bang Mayuri
Published: May 2023

Abstract: In construction industry and workplaces, accidents pose significant challenges to survival. This study was carried out with the aims to know the relationship between the safety training and workers behaviour with job performance. A total of 127 responses have been recorded in which 43 responses where from stakeholders and 84 responses from workers of construction sites. To test the validity of the hypothesis and determine its significance by linear regression model, SPSS software was used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was 0.90 and indicates good and consistent, was first used to assess the data's reliability. It concluded that the safety trainings education and workers behaviour have a strong and positive impact on the job performance of workers. The provision of welfare facilities, the provision of personal protective equipment, and worker training on safety procedures are critical measures needed to address occupational safety and health issues confronting workers on building construction sites. The government must demonstrate its political commitment by putting into effect the current legislation and developing occupational safety and health regulations
Mixture Based Superpixel Segmentation and Classification of SAR Images
Authors: Haasa M. K. Chandra
Published: May 2023

Abstract: The proposed approach suggests a mixture-based super pixel segmentation technique for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. SAR is a radar system used to generate 2D or 3D representations of objects like landscapes. This method utilizes SAR image amplitudes and pixel coordinates as features. Super pixels are large irregular-shaped regions obtained through oversegmentation of an image. While super pixel segmentation methods are commonly designed for colour images, this approach adapts a finite mixture model (FMM) for single-channel SAR images. By employing finite mixture models, the pixels are clustered into super pixels. Following the super pixel segmentation, the method employs a hierarchical decision tree clustering algorithm for classifying different land covers, such as climate monitoring and natural resources exploitation. The decision tree algorithm creates a dendrogram or tree structure to group feature vectors. The proposed super pixel method demonstrates improved classification accuracy compared to state-of-the-art methods like quick-shift, turbo pixels, simple linear iterative clustering, and pixel intensity and location similarity. The implementation of the proposed method is efficiently carried out using MATLAB software.
Energy efficiency of circulating pumps when using non-freezing heat transfer fluids
Authors: Toropov Alexey L.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. The article considers the issues of operation of circulating pumps of autonomous heat supply systems when the heating circuit is filled with antifreezing coolants. It is possible to remotely start up a heating system cooled down to –15 °С. Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol antifreeze have been studied as antifreeze carriers. Flow-rate characteristics, power efficiency coefficients are studied for “wet rotor” circulation pumps in versions of electric motors of asynchronous type with constant rotor speed and energy-saving pumps on permanent magnets.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out on test stands. Wall-mounted gas boilers and electric boilers witha rated capacity up to 24 kW were used as heat generators. Circulation motors, control hydraulic valves, part of the pipes with a length of 6 meters were located in a separate freezer. The pumps and parts of the heating circuit were kept at subzero temperatures for 2 hours before the system was started up

Results. Pressure and flow characteristics of two types of pumps, energy efficiency coefficients were obtained, comparisons with water coolant are provided, the influence of electric network voltage on the investigated parameters was determined.

Conclusions. The research has shown the possibility of starting circulating pumps in a refrigerated condition with a temperature of –15 °С. Remote start of the cooled heating system with circulation circuit filling with antifreeze when using hydrocarbon fuel boilers is not possible. Operation of heating systems with non-freezing coolants in the operation temperature ranges of 20–80 °C requires changing in settings of the combustion process and a significant increase inthe circulation pump head in comparison with the coolant water.
Influence of scale deposits on the temperature conditions in the channels of plate-type heat exchangers
Authors: Elistratova Yulia V. , Seminenko Artem S. , Uvarov Valeriy A. , Minko Vsevolod A.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. At the present stage of development of the heat supply system, the transfer from shell-and-tube constructions to the plate version of heat exchange apparatus is observed. Their main advantages are compactness and efficiency.The main operational problem is the fouling of the inter-plate channels as a result of which the thermal efficiency decreases and operational costs increase. The aim of the work is to establish the dependence of fouling and individual hydraulic conditions in each channel on the temperature regime of a plate-type heat exchanger. Since this issue in the theory of heat exchange apparatuses is not well studied in and has significant assumptions, the diagnosis of fouling of channels is incorrect.

Materials and methods. The theory of resistance characteristics of hydraulic systems is used to determine the hydrodynamic mode of plate-type heat exchange apparatus. The temperatures of heating and heated heat carriers at the outlet of each heat exchange channel are determined on the basis of the mass conservation law. This method made it possible to use the results of hydrodynamic calculation of resistance characteristics to calculate the temperature conditions of a plate heat exchange apparatus along the length of the plate pack, including the effect of scale deposits. The validity of the proposed methods was determined by comparing the Pearson’s and Student’s criteria with the results of computer modelling.

Results. The dependence between final temperatures of the coolant at outlet of channels depending on the flow distribution of the coolant, taking into account channel impurity was found. The application of the theory of resistance characteristics to calculate the thermal-hydrodynamic mode of the plate heat exchanger and the proposed calculation of the thermal regime, including taking into account the factor of fouling, will improve the accuracy of pollution diagnosis and reduce operating losses.

Conclusions. The conducted research confirms the influence of fouling of heat-exchange apparatuses and individual hydraulic conditions of inter-plate channels on the temperature regime. Results of research represent scientific and practical interest at studying and development of the intensified surfaces of heat exchange with the purpose of increase of power indicators of heat-exchange apparatuses, and also in the field of diagnostics of mode parameters of water-heating equipment in the period of its operation.
NFT TEKNOLOJİSİNİN SANATÇILAR ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: YASEEN Khansa , BATUR Meral
Published: May 2023

Nitelikli Fikri Tapu ya da değiştirilemez token olarak adlandırılan NFT teknolojisi, bu yüzyılda oldukça popüler hale geldi. Bu araştırmada, NFT teknolojisinin dijital ya da geleneksel sanatçılar üzerindeki etkisinin ne olduğu, NFT platformlarının sanatçılara sağlayabileceği faydaların neler olduğu, bu teknolojinin platformlarının sunduğu özellikler sayesinde yeni sanat türlerinin ortaya çıkmasına olanak sağlayıp sağlamadığı, sanatçılar için geleneksel pazarların mı yoksa NFT platformlarının mı daha iyi olduğu gibi soruların cevaplanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu sorular, NFT teknolojisi ve bu teknolojiyi kullanarak kripto sanat üreten bazı sanatçıların eserleri üzerinden incelenmiş ve sanatçıların bu dijital üretimleri sanat tarihi bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir.
Clinical and laboratory factors associated with hospitalization and mortality in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: ATİLA Dinçer , BARIŞIK Vatan
Published: May 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between MPV and disease prognosis in patients with COVID-19, the chronic diseases that affect the prognosis of COVID-19, and the laboratory data that can help diagnose this disease and provide information about the course of the disease during the treatment process.
Methods: The study was conducted in a cross-sectional format. All participants gave written, informed consent to participate. A questionnaire consisting of two parts, including categorical (socio-demographic) data and laboratory data, was applied to people who had COVID-19 who applied to the internal medicine outpatient clinic of the hospital. The Pearson chi-squared test and Fisher exact test were used for comparing categorical variables. The Mann-Whitney U test, or Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni post hoc comparisons, was used to compare numerical variables between the groups. All analyses were performed using the SPSS 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, ‎USA) software package.
Results: The participants' mean (±SD) age was 40.8±13.7 years (median: 40, range: 18 – 72). Almost half of the participants (48.0%, n=98) were male, the majority (76.0%, n=155) were married, and 24.0% (n=49) were single. Of the 204 patients, 28 (13.7%) were hospitalized, and five died (2.5%). Of the five patients who died, three had chronic lung disease, one had diabetes and chronic lung disease, and one had no chronic disease.
Conclusion: Older age and the presence of chronic diseases are important factors affecting hospitalization in patients with COVID-19. LDH, CRP, and ferritin levels were high, and the mean platelet volume levels were significantly higher in hospitalized patients.
Keywords: COVID -19, pandemics, prognosis of COVID -19