bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asociación entre PCR e índice proteína C reactiva/albúmina, fuerza de agarre, masa muscular del brazo y mortalidad en pacientes quirúrgicos : un estudio observacional retrospectivo
Authors:   , Basaure Verdejo Eduardo
Published: April 2024

Introducción: La inflamación ha sido asociada a menor masa muscular y fuerza de agarre en ciertos tipos de cánceres y en pacientes adultos mayores hospitalizados. Objetivos: Evaluar la relación entre inflamación y estado nutricional, fuerza de agarre, área muscular braquial, mortalidad, readmisión y tiempo de estadía en pacientes quirúrgicos de un hospital terciario. Métodos: Cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes que fueron evaluados por el equipo de nutrición previo a cirugía en un hospital universitario entre enero de 2014 a diciembre de 2017. Se registró información sobre el estado nutricional, marcadores de masa muscular braquial y fuerza, proteína C reactiva (PCR), y tipo de cirugía de los registros de la ficha médica. Los pacientes fueron clasificados en grupos de inflamación según niveles de PCR < a 10 o ≥ a 10 mg/dL. Se compararon los grupos y se correlacionaron los marcadores de inflamación con la fuerza de agarre y masa muscular braquial. Resultados: Un total de 191 pacientes fueron reclutados (137 en el grupo con estado inflamatorio leve o ausente y 54 en el grupo con moderado a severo). Se encontraron diferencias significativas en fuerza de agarre (+3,4 kg), área muscular braquial (+548 mm2), albúmina y prealbúmina (-0,4 y -3,8 mg/dl) en el grupo de mayor inflamación. Las correlaciones fueron significativas y positivas para PCR, PCR/albúmina (IPA) y área muscular braquial solamente en hombres (PCR rho = 0,2 p=0,003 e IPA rho = 0,19 p=0,03). No se encontraron correlaciones entre los marcadores de inflamación y fuerza de agarre normalizado al peso corporal según sexo. La odds ratio del grupo de mayor inflamación para mortalidad y readmisión no fue significativa. Conclusiones: La asociación entre marcadores de inflamación y variables nutricionales fue inconsistente en este grupo de pacientes quirúrgicos. Se necesitan estudios prospectivos para validar estas relaciones.
Relación entre la trayectoria de la composición corporal desde la infancia a la adolescencia y el riesgo de desarrollar hígado graso no alcohólico
Authors:   , Faune Palacios Mariana Carmen
Published: April 2024

Introducción: El hígado graso no alcohólico (HGNA) es una enfermedad definida por la acumulación de grasa en más del 5% de los hepatocitos. La obesidad central es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar HGNA. Conocer los factores de riesgo relacionados a la composición corporal durante la infancia asociados a la aparición de HGNA en la adolescencia permitirá realizar a futuro intervenciones preventivas precoces. Objetivo: Describir la trayectoria de la composición corporal a lo largo de la infancia y relacionarla con el riesgo de desarrollar HGNA en la adolescencia. Sujetos y Métodos: Estudio de Cohorte que incluyó 784 adolescentes con evaluaciones periódicas de estado nutricional y composición corporal desde los 3 años y a los que durante la adolescencia se les realizó un ultrasonido abdominal para evaluar la presencia de HGNA. Las evaluaciones incluyeron peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura, pliegues cutáneos, bioimpedanciometría y absorciometría de energía dual de rayos X (DXA). Se compararon las evaluaciones de los adolescentes con HGNA versus controles. Resultados: Se diagnosticó HGNA en 9.8% de los adolescentes y en un 38% de los adolescentes con obesidad. Mayores niveles de circunferencia de cintura se asociaron con HGNA desde los 3 años (p<0.05), los pliegues cutáneos desde los 4 años (p<0.05) y las mediciones por DXA desde los 10 años en porcentaje de grasa y grasa en tronco en mujeres (p<0.05). A los 5 años, el grupo HGNA presentó un índice de masa grasa (IMG) mayor que el grupo control (p<0.05). De igual manera, el índice de masa libre de grasa (IMLG) fue mayor en mujeres, pero no en hombres (p=0.206). Los terciles dos y tres de IMG presentan OR de 2.19 [1.48-3.25] IC 95% y de 6.94 [4.79-10.04] IC 95%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Un mayor IMG durante la infancia aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar HGNA en la adolescencia. Mayores niveles de circunferencia de cintura, grasa corporal, tronco y subcutánea durante la infancia se asocian con la presencia de HGNA en la adolescencia.
Relationship between fat distribution and metabolic flexibility in humans
Authors:   , Glaves Behrmann Alice
Published: April 2024

Introducción: En humanos, la masa grasa del tronco se asocia con alteraciones metabólicas, mientras que la masa grasa gluteofemoral se asocia con buena salud. Estas asociaciones pueden deberse a que estos tejidos secretan distintas adipocinas que regulan la flexibilidad metabólica (FlexMet) de otros tejidos. Sin embargo, se desconoce si la distribución de grasa se asocia con FlexMet. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la relación entre distribución de grasa y FlexMet en humanos y sus posibles determinantes. Metodos: Recopilamos evidencia de la relación entre masa grasa segmental y FlexMet mediante una revision sistemática. Realizamos un estudio en 26 adultos sanos (61,5% mujeres, 25-64 años, índice de masa corporal entre 18,5-40,0 kg/m2 . La composición corporal se midió mediante DEXA, considerando como distribución de grasa: masa grasa en brazos, piernas y tronco (ajustado por la masa grasa total, edad y sexo); además, el cociente masa grasa tronco-periferica (piernas + brazos) y cociente piernas-tronco. Los sujetos se clasificaron como “bajo” o “alto” según el valor de la mediana de cada marcador de distribución de grasa. FlexMet se midió como el cambio en el cociente respiratorio en respuesta a infusiones de glucosa e insulina (ajustado por la tasa de infusión de glucosa y el RQ inicial). Se midieron las concentraciones de TNFα y adiponectina en ayunas. Resultados: La revisión sistemática incluyó 13 estudios que midieron FlexMet y la masa grasa segmental. Diez no mostraron relación entre FlexMet y la masa grasa segmental. En el estudio en humanos, encontramos que FlexMet es más baja en los sujetos con un alto vs. bajo cociente masa grasa tronco-periférica (media [DE]: 0,063 [0,049] frente a 0,102 [0,045], respectivamente, P < 0,05). TNFα se asoció directamente con la masa grasa del tronco (Pearson r = 0,42, P = 0,03). Conclusión: La distribución de grasa operacionalizada como cociente tronco-periférica está inversamente relacionada con FlexMet, pudiendo estar involucrado la secreción central de TNFα. El deterioro de FlexMet precede el desarrollo de alteraciones metabólicas.
Effect of Different Substrates on Nutritional Composition of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes)
Authors: Paswal Shazia , Kakraliya Sardar Singh , Fogawat Vinod
Published: April 2024

Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Peglar, the shiitake mushroom, is worldwide one of the most widely cultivated mushrooms. The cultivation of edible mushrooms is a biotechnological process that uses various residues to produce food of high nutritional value. Two strains of Lentinula edodes (DMR-356 and DMR-35) were cultivated on basal substrates wheat straw and poplar sawdust alone and in combination with supplements (Wheat bran, Rice bran and Maize Meal). The fruit body of shiitake mushroom was analyzed for crude protein, crude fiber, Moisture content, crude fat, total ash and total carbohydrates. DMR-356 strain proved best for high nutritional value crude protein (22.44%), crude fat (3.97%), crude fibers (7.69%), total ash (7.75%), and total carbohydrates (63.50%) with substrates wheat straw + wheat bran. The least effective substrate was sawdust alone.
Clinical Management of Acute Kidney Injury in Dogs with Babesiosis: A Case Report
Authors: Deka Naba Jyoti , Kalita Dhruba Jyoti , Brahma Derhasar , Dutta Chinmoy , Bania Ajoy , Saharia Jyotirmoy
Published: April 2024

One two-year-old Indian local dog was presented with a history of low appetite, urinary incontinence, hind leg weakness for last 3 days. Upon physical inspection, notable findings included high rise of temperature (104.1°F), dehydration, pale mucous membranes, anuria, recumbency and severe debilitation. RBC count, Hb level were lowered. The animal showed high level of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and thrombocytopenia. Based on blood smear examination and haematology, the case was diagnosed as canine babesiosis with acute kidney injury. The case was successfully treated with combined therapy of Diminazene aceturate and Doxycycline supplemented with renal support.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Teak (Tectona grandis) Based on Agroforestry
Authors: Singh Deepak , Khare Neelam
Published: April 2024

At the research field of the College of Forestry, SHUATS, Prayagraj, UP, a field experiment was carried out in the Rabi season from November 2022 to March 2023 to determine the impact of integrated nutrition management on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The experiment is set up using a randomized block design (RBD), with seven treatments that are duplicated three times using different treatments. The results showed that the highest plant height was 19.80 cm at the 30 DAS (days after sowing) interval, 46.43 cm at the 60 DAS interval, and 52.51 cm at the 90 DAS interval. At 30 DAS maximum number of branches (4.33), 60 DAS maximum number of branches (8.67), and 90 DAS maximum number of branches (12.33), maximum test weight (100 seed, hundred seed weight) (gm) (28.00), greatest grain output q/ha (14.51), highest DAS to flowering (79.14), highest number of pods per plant (no.) (32.27), and highest number of seeds per pod (no.) (2.23). Following the best straw yield per hectare (18.33), the highest harvest index percentage (44.18) and the highest benefit-cost ratio (2:91) were harvested. Maximum net return of 115,255 and maximum gross return of 154,855 respectively. The Treatment T7 outcome with the highest recorded result was 100%VERMICOMPOST + 0%FYM + 0%NPK.
Effect of Companion Cropping of Sesame on Development of Pigeonpea
Authors: Singh Shailendra Pratap , Khan Naushad , Maurya C. L. , Singh Bal Veer , Kumar Kaushal , Kumar Sarvesh
Published: April 2024

The field study was laid out during two consecutive rainy seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Soil Conservation and Water Management Farm, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. The main objective was to find out the yield of main crop of pigeonpea and sesame and their economic I term of net profit. The fertility status of experimental plot was medium. The three treatments i.e., pigeonpea sole, sesame sole and pigeonpea + sesame (1+1) additive series were tested. The total productivity of pigeonpea + sesame was highest (20.30 q/ha) in comparison to pigeonpea sole (17.34 q/ha) and sesame alone (6.32 q/ha). The pooled data display that maximum cost of cultivation Rs. 56191/ha observed under pigeonpea + sesame cropping system. The highest gross return Rs. 116053/ha, net return Rs. 54862/ha and BCR 1:2.07 were also recorded with pigeonpea + sesame (1+1) additive series.
Effect of Organic Sources of Nutrients on Yield, Quality, Soil Fertility Status and Economics of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Raval C. H. , Satodiya B. N. , Patel A. J. , Parekh D. D.
Published: April 2024

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of organic sources of nutrients on yield, quality, soil fertility status and economics of onion (Allium cepa L.) at Horticulture Research Farm, College of Horticulture, AAU, Anand during the three consecutive years 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19.The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and ten treatments viz., T1:RDF 100:75:75 NPK kg ha-1 (control), T2:100 % N from FYM, T3:100 % N from Vermicompost, T4: 100 % N from Castor cake, T5:75 % N from FYM + NPK consortium 1 L ha-1, T6: 75% N from VC + NPK consortium 1 L ha-1, T7: 75% N from CC + NPK consortium 1 L ha-1, T8: 50% N from FYM + NPK consortium 1 L ha-1, T9:50% N from VC + NPK consortium 1 L ha-1, T10: 50% N from CC + NPK consortium 1 L ha-1. Soil application of 75% N from VC + NPK consortium 1 L ha-1 (T6) and 75 % N from FYM + NPK consortium 1 L ha-1 (T5) recorded significantly, higher bulb yield (467 and 417 q/ha) and also increase organic carbon as well as soil microbial population. Higher net return (₹445672 ) was observed in T6 whereas maximum BCR (5.96) recorded in T5.
Generating Functions For a New Class of Recursive Polynomials
Authors: James V. , Sivakumar B.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we examine a family of recursively defined polynomials with four-variables on a fourth order recurrence relation and build their generating function. These generating functions enable us to derive several properties of the four-variable polynomials. Finally, we deduce new identities for the new class of polynomials with four-variables and also, we define the Q-matrix.
Prospecção das Tendências de Uso do Murumuru (Astrocaryum Murumuru), Verificando as Diversas Possibilidades de sua Aplicação por meio de Pesquisa em Bases Patentárias e não Patentárias
Authors: Costa Abraão Mário de Souza , Silva Ana Luiza Tavares , Arouca Marcia Waimer Spinola , Oliveira Rosinei de Sousa
Published: April 2024

Os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentáveis (ODS) focam em soluções sustentáveis para a sociedade. A bioeconomia está alinhada a esses objetivos, sendo uma ferramenta para assegurar o desenvolvimento e a manutenção da biodiversidade regional. Investigações sobre os frutos amazônicos possibilitam conhecer suas tendências, identificando seu papel na bioeconomia. Porém, diante de todo o potencial da sociobiodiversidade amazônica, esse tipo de estudo é pouco explorado. Para preencher essa lacuna, a referente pesquisa envolveu uma prospecção tecnológica acerca das principais aplicações do fruto nativo amazônico Murumuru. O estudo prospectivo teve como propósito encontrar as principais tendências de mercado e as perspectivas futuras desse insumo amazônico. Para efetivação da prospecção, foram aplicadas sintaxes de buscas, cujos resultados foram filtrados e direcionados para análise quanti-qualitativa. O murumuru apresentou-se como insumo da bioeconomia amazônica capaz de contribuir para o desenvolvimento local, com relevante aplicação e contribuição para a cadeia econômica regional atual, assim como apresenta potencial para futuras aplicações.
Nanoporous Plasmonic Metamaterials
Authors: Biener Juergen , Nyce Gregory W. , Hodge Andrea M. , Biener Monika M. , Hamza Alex V. , Maier Stefan A.
Published: March 2008

We review different routes for the generation of nanoporous metallic foams and films exhibiting well‐defined pore size and short‐range order. Dealloying and templating allows the generation of both 2D and 3D structures that promise a plasmonic response determined by material constituents and porosity. Viewed in the context of metamaterials, the ease of fabrication of samples covering macroscopic dimensions is highly promising, and suggests more in‐depth investigations of the plasmonic and photonic properties of this material system for photonic applications.
A simulated genetic structure for bipolar illness
Authors: Nurnberger John I.
Published: March 2008

Bipolar illness is conceptualized as a polygenic condition. Based on candidate gene findings from the literature to date, up to 22% of the genetic risk in affected persons may be explained by six gene variants with an average allele frequency of 0.59 in cases and 0.54 in controls. The mean allele specific relative risk (ASRR) for these variants is 1.42 (range 1.1–1.8). Initial results from genome‐wide association studies tend to confirm this estimate of effect size. Using the characteristics of these variants as a guide, a 30 allele model for bipolar illness is presented in which the modal affected person would carry 22 susceptibility variants, and the median unaffected person would carry 15. In a comparable model with 100 alleles, the modal affected person would carry 62 susceptibility variants compared with a median of 50 in unaffecteds. To the extent that common gene variants are associated with bipolar disorder they may be expected to also be widely distributed in the general population. As the neurobiology of replicated candidate genes is considered, models of potentially relevant biological pathways may be constructed. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comprehensive analysis of tagging sequence variants in DTNBP1 shows no association with schizophrenia or with its composite neurocognitive endophenotypes
Authors: Peters Kirsten , Wiltshire Steven , Henders Anjali K. , Dragović Milan , Badcock Johanna C. , Chandler David , Howell Sarah , Ellis Chris , Bouwer Sonja , Montgomery Grant W. , Palmer Lyle J. , Kalaydjieva Luba , Jablensky Assen
Published: March 2008

In a previous study we identified a relatively homogeneous subtype of schizophrenia characterized by pervasive cognitive deficit, which was the exclusive contributor to our findings of linkage to 6p25‐p24. The 6p region contains Dysbindin (DTNBP1), considered to be one of the major schizophrenia candidate genes. While multiple studies have reported association between genetic variation in DTNBP1 and schizophrenia, the findings have been inconsistent and controversial, leading to recent calls for systematic re‐examination and unambiguous evidence of association. To address this, we have undertaken a comprehensive survey of common genetic variation within DTNBP1 and its association with schizophrenia, using a HapMap‐based gene‐tagging approach. We genotyped 39 tSNPs in a sample of 336 cases and 172 controls of Anglo‐Irish ancestry, with the phenotype defined as clinical schizophrenia, and as composite neurocognitive endophenotypes. Allele and haplotype frequencies, and LD structure in our control sample were similar to those in other European populations. Using multivariate generalized linear modeling, we observed no significant association between any tSNP and any outcome variable. Association with haplotypes was examined across the gene and in the previously associated 5′ region. Neither global haplotype tests, nor specific analysis of the “risk” haplotype previously reported in an ethnically related population, the Irish high‐density schizophrenia families, showed significant evidence of association with schizophrenia or with the neurocognitive endophenotypes in our sample. The framework and results of this study should facilitate further attempts at re‐analysis of DTNBP1, in terms of standardized approaches to both phenotype definition and analysis of genetic variation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exogenous Agents that Target Transmembrane Domains of Proteins
Authors: Yin Hang
Published: March 2008

Although membrane proteins account for approximately one third of all proteins encoded in the human genome, the functions and structures of their transmembrane domains are much less understood than the water‐soluble regions. A major hurdle in studying these transmembrane domains is the lack of appropriate exogenous agents that can be used as specific probes. Despite the daunting challenges, major strides have recently been made in targeting the transmembrane domains of a variety of membrane proteins. High affinity and selectivity have been achieved in model biophysical systems, membranes of bacteria, and mammalian cells.
Are cell factories ready for industrial biotech processes?
Authors: Olsson Lisbeth
Published: March 2008

One challenge is to ensure that high concentrations of the targeted product can be produced. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Testing the Ratio of Two Poisson Rates
Authors: Gu Kangxia , Ng Hon Keung Tony , Tang Man Lai , Schucany William R.
Published: March 2008

In this paper we compare the properties of four different general approaches for testing the ratio of two Poisson rates. Asymptotically normal tests, tests based on approximate p ‐values, exact conditional tests, and a likelihood ratio test are considered. The properties and power performance of these tests are studied by a Monte Carlo simulation experiment. Sample size calculation formulae are given for each of the test procedures and their validities are studied. Some recommendations favoring the likelihood ratio and certain asymptotic tests are based on these simulation results. Finally, all of the test procedures are illustrated with two real life medical examples. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identification of major alkaloids and steroidal saponins in rat serum by HPLC‐diode array detection‐MS/MS following oral administration of Huangbai‐Zhimu herb‐pair Extract
Authors: Ma Chunhui , Fan Mingsong , Tang Yihong , Li Zhixiong , Sun Zhaolin , Ye Guan , Huang Chenggang
Published: March 2008

Huangbai‐Zhimu herb‐pair (HBZMHP) is a widely used Chinese traditional medicine formula in treating various diseases; however, its active components have remained unknown. In this paper, serum chemistry and combined high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), diode‐array detection and mass‐spectrometry (MS) techniques were used to study the constituents of HBZMHP extract absorbed into rat serum after oral administration. A total of nine characteristic HPLC peaks in the TIC chromatograms were identified as magnoflorine (1), menisperine (2), palmatine (3), berberine (4), timosaponin N or timosaponin E1 (5), timosaponin D (6), timosaponin BIII, anemarsaponin C or xilingsaponin B (7) timosaponin BII (8) and timosaponin AIII (9). All of the identified peaks were constituents of HBZMHP extract. The results narrow the range of active compounds to be found in HBZMHP extract, and pave the way for the follow‐up action mechanism research. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New applications of cyclodextrins in electrically driven chromatographic systems: a review
Authors: Cserháti T.
Published: March 2008

The new achievements in the employment of native and derivatised cyclodextrins in various electrically driven chromatographic systems are compiled. Cyclodextrin‐assisted separation techniques are concisely described and critically evaluated with special emphasis on the separation of enantiomer pairs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of β‐blockers in human plasma using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Umezawa Hironobu , Lee Xiao‐Pen , Arima Yoshiko , Hasegawa Chika , Izawa Hikaru , Kumazawa Takeshi , Sato Keizo
Published: March 2008

A detailed procedure for the analysis of four β‐blockers, acebutolol, labetalol, metoprolol and propranolol, in human plasma by high‐performance liquid chromatography (LC)–tandem mass spectrometry (MS‐MS) using an MSpak GF column, which enables direct injection of crude plasma samples, is presented. Protein and/or macromolecule matrix compounds were eluted first from the column, while the drugs were retained on the polymer stationary phase of the MSpak GF column. The analytes retained on the column were then eluted into an acetonitrile‐rich mobile phase using a gradient separation technique. All drugs showed base peak ions due to [M + H]+ ions by LC‐MS with positive ion electrospray ionization, and the product ions were produced from each [M + H]+ ion by LC‐MS‐MS. Quantification was performed by selected reaction monitoring. The recoveries of the four β‐blockers spiked into plasma were 73.5–89.9%. The regression equations for all compounds showed excellent linearity in the range 10–1000 ng/mL of plasma, with the exception of propranolol (10–800 ng/mL). The limits of detection and quantification for each drug were 1–3 and 10 ng/mL, respectively, of plasma. The intra‐ and inter‐day coefficients of variation for all drugs in plasma were not greater than 10.9%. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of the lipophilic antipsychotic drug ziprasidone in rat plasma and brain tissue using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Guodong , Terry Alvin V. , Bartlett Michael G.
Published: March 2008

A simple, sensitive and robust liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LCESI‐MS/MS) method with low matrix effects was developed and validated for the quantification of the lipophilic antipsychotic ziprasidone from rat plasma and brain tissue. Ziprasidone was extracted from rat plasma and brain homogenate using a single‐step liquid–liquid extraction. Ziprasidone was separated on an Agilent Eclipse XDB C8 column (150 × 2.1 mm i.d., 5 µm) column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile–0.02% ammonia in water (pH 7.20 adjusted with formic acid) using gradient elution. Ziprasidone was detected in the positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring. The method was validated and the specificity, linearity, lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ), precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effects and stability were determined. The LLOQ was 0.2 ng/mL for plasma and 0.833 ng/g for brain tissue. The method was linear over the concentration range from 0.2 to 200.0 ng/mL for plasma and 0.833–833.3 ng/g for brain tissue. The correlation coefficient (R2) values were more than 0.996 for both plasma and brain homogenate. The precision and accuracy intra‐day and inter‐day were better than 8.13%. The relative and absolute recovery was above 81.0% and matrix effects were lower than 5.2%. This validated method has been successfully used to quantify the rat plasma and brain tissue concentration of ziprasidone after chronic treatment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Divalent Carbon(0) Chemistry, Part 1: Parent Compounds
Authors: Tonner Ralf , Frenking Gernot
Published: March 2008

Quantum‐chemical calculations with DFT (BP86) and ab initio methods [MP2, SCS‐MP2, CCSD(T)] have been carried out for the molecules C(PH3)2(1), C(PMe3)2(2), C(PPh3)2(3), C(PPh3)(CO) (4), C(CO)2(5), C(NHCH)2(6), C(NHCMe)2(7) (Me2N)2CCC(NMe2)2(8), and NHC (9), where NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene and NHCMe=N‐methyl‐substituted NHC. The electronic structure in1–9was analyzed with charge‐ and energy‐partitioning methods. The results show that the bonding situations in L2C compounds1–8can be interpreted in terms of donor–acceptor interactions between closed‐shell ligands L and a carbon atom which has two lone‐pair orbitals L→C←L. This holds particularly for the carbodiphosphoranes1–3where L=PR3, which therefore are classified as divalent carbon(0) compounds. The NBO analysis suggests that the best Lewis structures for the carbodicarbenes6and7where L is a NHC ligand have CCC double bonds as in the tetraaminoallene8. However, the Lewis structures of6–8, in which two lone‐pair orbitals at the central carbon atom are enforced, have only a slightly higher residual density. Visual inspection of the frontier orbitals of the latter species reveals their pronounced lone‐pair character, which suggests that even the quasi‐linear tetraaminoallene8is a “masked” divalent carbon(0) compound. This explains the very shallow bending potential of8. The same conclusion is drawn for phosphoranylketene4and for carbon suboxide (5), which according to the bonding analysis have hidden double‐lone‐pair character. The AIM analysis and the EDA calculations support the assignment of carbodiphosphoranes as divalent carbon(0) compounds, while NHC9is characterized as a divalent carbon(II) compound. The L→C(1D) donor–acceptor bonds are roughly twice as strong as the respective L→BH3bond.
Divalent Carbon(0) Chemistry, Part 2: Protonation and Complexes with Main Group and Transition Metal Lewis Acids
Authors: Tonner Ralf , Frenking Gernot
Published: March 2008

Quantum‐chemical calculations with DFT (BP86) and ab initio methods (MP2, SCS‐MP2) were carried out for protonated and diprotonated compoundsN‐H+andN‐(H+)2and for the complexesN‐BH3,N‐(BH3)2,N‐CO2,N‐(CO2)2,N‐W(CO)5,N‐Ni(CO)3andN‐Ni(CO)2whereN=C(PH3)2(1), C(PMe3)2(2), C(PPh3)2(3), C(PPh3)(CO) (4), C(CO)2(5), C(NHCH)2(6), C(NHCMe)2(7) (Me2N)2CCC(NMe2)2(8) and NHC (9) (NHCH=N‐heterocyclic carbene, NHCMe=N‐substituted N‐heterocyclic carbene). Compounds1–4and6–9are very strong electron donors, and this is manifested in calculated protonation energies that reach values of up to 300 kcal mol−1for7and in very high bond strengths of the donor–acceptor complexes. The electronic structure of the compounds was analyzed with charge‐ and energy‐partitioning methods. The calculations show that the experimentally known compounds2–5and8chemically behave like molecules L2C which have two L→C donor–acceptor bonds and a carbon atom with two electron lone pairs. The behavior is not directly obvious when the linear structures of carbon suboxide and tetraaminoallenes are considered. They only come to the fore on reaction with strong electron‐pair acceptors. The calculations predict that single and double protonation of5and8take place at the central carbon atom, where the negative charge increases upon subsequent protonation. The hitherto experimentally unknown carbodicarbenes6and7are predicted to be even stronger Lewis bases than the carbodiphosphoranes1–3.
Mechanism of Charge Separation in DNA by Hole Transfer through Consecutive Adenines
Authors: Kawai Kiyohiko , Osakada Yasuko , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Majima Tetsuro
Published: March 2008

To investigate the mechanism of charge separation in DNA with consecutive adenines adjacent to a photosensitizer (Sens), a series of naphthalimide (NI) and 5‐bromouracil (brU)‐modified DNAs were prepared, and the quantum yields of formation of the charge‐separated states (Φ) upon photo‐excitation of the Sens NI in DNA were measured. The Φ was modulated by the incorporation site of brU, which changes the oxidation potential of its complementary A through hydrogen bonding and the hole‐transfer rates between adenines. The results were interpreted as charge separation by means of the initial charge transfer between NI in the singlet excited state and the second‐ and third‐nearest adenine to the NI. In addition, the oxidation of the A nearest to NI leads to the rapid charge recombination within a contact ion pair. This suggests that the charge‐separation process can be refined to maximize the Φ by putting a redox‐inactive spacer base pair between a photosensitizer and an A–T stretch.
Experimental and numerical investigation of vortex‐induced flame propagation in a biomass furnace with tangential over fire registers
Authors: Shanmukharadhya K. S. , Sudhakar K. G.
Published: March 2008

The tangentially fired furnaces have evolved because of rapid contacting of the fuel and air flame impingement, and the increased particulate residence time due to vortex motion. Tangentially fired units have a good record in being able to meet emission regulation on NOx as a result of their flexibility and the ability to control the heat release rate. Yet, the flow inside the tangentially fired furnaces is known to have its own peculiar aerodynamics; it is quite complicated in such a way that it is not easy to reach a satisfactory model to describe it. The drawbacks with the traditional tangentially fired furnaces are burner velocities. Low velocities are not suitable for fuels having high volatile contents, as ignition occurs in or near the burner causing slugging and distortion problems. Very high velocities on the other hand are undesirable as fuel particles can centrifuge out of the main combustion zone as unburnt carbon. The test boiler used in this work has tangential over fire registers located in the side walls, which are directed to form an imaginary circle at the centre to aid the suspension burning. The vortex formed by these jets, is then induced by the under grate air in reaching the higher levels in the furnace. In the test furnace, the fuel is not coming along with the tangential over fire air, but enters the furnace through the bagasse spreaders and carried by the distributor air. The combustion of bagasse and the propagation of the flame within the furnace are influenced by the tangential over fire air and the under grate air. In the present work, the furnace is simulated and analyzed for the propagation of flame and the patterns at various heights of the furnace supported by the measurements.
Modélisation de la cinétique de biodégradation de phénol par granules aérobies
Authors: Calvario‐Rivera Claudia , Vázquez‐Rodríguez Gabriela A. , Roux Gilles , Waissman‐Vilanova Julio
Published: March 2008

Ce travail est consacré à la modélisation de la cinétique de biodégradation de phénol par granules aérobies. Ceux‐ci ont été obtenus à partir de la culture à alimentation séquentielle d'un surnageant de boues activées sur une eau usée synthétique ; puis ils ont été acclimatés au phénol (100 mg/L). La biodégradation de différentes concentrations de phénol (40–1112 mg/L) a été étudiée en fioles agitées ensemencées avec des granules acclimatés. Un modèle de type Haldane a été sélectionné, qui permet de décrire de manière adéquate l'évolution de la concentration de phénol avec un seul jeu de paramètres. Ce modèle pourrait permettre de mieux comprendre la biodégradation de molécules toxiques telles que le phénol dans des réacteurs granulaires aérobies.
Alkali Metal (Li+–Cs+) Salts with Hexafluorochromate(V), Hexafluorochromate(IV), Pentafluorochromate(IV), and Undecafluorodichromate(IV) Anions
Authors: Mazej Zoran , Goreshnik Evgeny
Published: March 2008

The compounds ACrF6 (A = Li–Cs) were prepared by photochemical reactions of AF/CrF3 mixtures in anhydrous HF with elemental F2 at ambient temperature. The crystal structures of compounds ACrF6 (A = K–Cs) are analogous to that of KOsF6, and NaCrF6 exhibits polymorphism. The trigonal phase (II) can be classified to have the well‐known LiSbF6 type of structure, while the crystal structure of the orthorhombic modification (I) appears to be a new structure‐type. Thermal decomposition of the ACrF6 salts produce ACrF5(A = Rb, Cs), ACrF5/A2CrF6 (A = K), or A2CrF6 (A = Li, Na). These compounds undergo partial solvolysis in anhydrous HF with precipitation of CrF4. From the remaining solutions of the [CrF6]2– anions and dissolved AF (A = Li–Cs), single crystals of ACrF5 (A = K–Cs), A2CrF6·2HF (A = Na, K), A2CrF6·4HF (A = Rb, Cs), Li2CrF6, and K3Cr2F11·2HF were grown, and their crystal structures determined. The main structural feature of the ACrF5 compounds is the infinite zig‐zag [CrF5]nn– chain of distorted [CrF6] octahedra joined by cis vertices. The crystal structures of A2CrF6·2HF (A = Na, K) and A2CrF6·4HF (A = Rb, Cs) consist of distorted [CrF6]2– octahedra involved in moderate to strong hydrogen bonding with HF molecules, while two A+ cations compensate the negative charge of each octahedron. In Na2CrF6·2HF, two neighboring HF molecules are involved in moderate to strong hydrogen bonding with each other. (HF)2 dimers with a parallelogram structure are formed. The mutual interactions in the crystal structure of K2CrF6·2HF differ from those found in Na2CrF6·2HF. In the former, each HF molecule interacts with the [CrF6]2– anion and three K+ cations. A2CrF6·4HF compounds of Rb and Cs are isostructural. Their structures consist of A+ cations and [CrF6]2– anions involved in hydrogen bonding with two sets of HF molecules in the trans position. The crystal structure of K3Cr2F11·2HF reveals a rare case of the [M2F11]3– anion. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)cyclobutadiene Dianion Alkaline Earth Metal Salts: New Members of the 6π‐Electron Aromatics Family
Authors: Takanashi Kazunori , Inatomi Akira , Lee Vladimir Ya. , Nakamoto Masaaki , Ichinohe Masaaki , Sekiguchi Akira
Published: March 2008

The magnesium and calcium salts of the tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)cyclobutadiene dianion, [Mg(thf)3]2+[(Me3Si)4C4]2– (2a) and [Ca(thf)n]2+[(Me3Si)4C4]2– (2b), were synthesized by the reduction of tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)cyclobutadiene [(Me3Si)4C4, 1] with metallic magnesium or calcium, respectively. X‐ray analysis of 2a showed a planar four‐membered ring, featuring a diagnostic η4‐coordination to the magnesium atom and skeletal C–C bond lengths intermediate between those of typical C–C single and C=C double bonds. The structural and spectral features of the cyclobutadiene dianion magnesium salt 2a give evidence for its appreciable aromaticity.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
C‐D‐Glucopyranosyl Derivatives of Tocopherols – Synthesis and Evaluation as Amphiphilic Antioxidants
Authors: He Li , Galland Stéphanie , Dufour Claire , Chen Guo‐Rong , Dangles Olivier , Fenet Bernard , Praly Jean‐Pierre
Published: March 2008

Treatment of dimethylhydroquinone dimethyl ethers (ortho and meta isomers) with glycopyranose pentaacetates (D‐gluco, D‐galacto) in the presence of SnCl4 and F3CCO2Ag selectively afforded the corresponding C‐β‐D‐glycosyl derivatives by aromatic electrophilic substitution. Oxidation of the dimethoxybenzene moiety with ceric ammonium nitrate delivered C‐β‐D‐glycosyl‐dimethylbenzoquinones, which were reduced with Na2S2O4 to the corresponding C‐β‐D‐glycosyl‐dimethylhydroquinones. ZnCl2‐catalyzed cyclization either with methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐ol (prenyl alcohol) or with all‐racemic phytol led to acetyl‐protected C‐β‐D‐glycosyl chromanols or C‐β‐D‐glycosyl tocopherols, the sugar residues of which were deacetylated under base catalysis conditions. These new molecules were evaluated as antioxidants in terms of their ability to inhibit the peroxidation of linoleic acid in SDS micelles. The position of the C‐glucosyl moiety on the phenolic nucleus emerges as the critical structural determinant of their activity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Capillary electrophoresis for the detection of PMP22 gene duplication: Study in Mexican patients
Authors: Hernández‐Zamora Edgar , de la Luz Arenas‐Sordo María , Maldonado‐Rodríguez Rogelio
Published: March 2008

Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common inherited disorder of the human peripheral nerve, with an estimated overall prevalence of 17‐40/10 000 [1]. The typical phenotype presents peroneal muscular atrophy andpes cavus[2]. CMT is usually divided into two large types, about two‐thirds of the patients have CMT type 1 (CMT1), that affects the layer of myelin (demyelination). In type 2 (CMT2) the nerve fibers are affected (axonal). CMT diseases have autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X‐linked inheritance [1]. The most frequent subtype is 1A (CMT1A) with autosomal dominant transmission, secondary in most cases to a tandem duplication of a 1.5 Mb DNA fragment on chromosome 17p11.2‐p12 [4–7]. In this region, the codification of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) takes place. The severity of the disease varies among patients, even within the same family, from almost no symptoms to severe foot‐drop and sensory loss. The PMP22 gene has four exons and is regulated by two promoters located toward the extreme 5′. The origin of the duplication that causes the disease is an uneven exchange of the chromatids during the meiosis. This unequal recombination occurs between two regions that limit the PMP22 gene, described as REP places of 24 kb, proximal and distal [3, 4].
Surface engineering of PHBV by covalent collagen immobilization to improve cell compatibility
Authors: Wang Yingjun , Ke Yu , Ren Li , Wu Gang , Chen Xiaofeng , Zhao Qichun
Published: March 2008

Covalent immobilization of collagen onto poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) film was achieved to improve its cell compatibility. Amide groups photografted on PHBV films were initially converted into amine groups through Hofmann degradation and collagen was then chemically bonded to amine groups, consequently forming the amide, amine, and collagen‐modified PHBV. The structures of these modified PHBV films were confirmed by ATR‐FTIR, XPS, and SEM analyses. Compared with that of PHBV film, surface wettability of the modified PHBV films enhanced remarkably. In particular, water contact angle of the collagen‐modified PHBV film decreased from 65.0° to 2.1° within 130 s. Sheep chondrocytes cultured on PHBV and modified PHBV films were evaluated by cell adhesion test, MTT assay, and morphological observation under SEM. Results showed that the collagen‐modified PHBV film had better cell adhesion and proliferation than other modified PHBV films and PHBV film. Chondrocytes on the collagen‐modified PHBV film adhered through filopodia, spread by cytoplasmic webbing, and formed cells layer earlier than other modified ones, indicating that the collagen‐modified PHBV is a promising biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Composite resin degradation products from BisGMA monomer modulate the expression of genes associated with biofilm formation and other virulence factors in Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Singh Jatinderpreet , Khalichi Peyman , Cvitkovitch Dennis G. , Santerre J. Paul
Published: March 2008

Bacterial microleakage along the tooth/composite resin dental restoration interface contributes to postoperative sensitivity, recurrent caries, and necrosis. Studies have confirmed that enzymes in human saliva degrade composite resin monomers 2,2‐bis [4‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloxypropoxy) phenyl] propane (BisGMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) to release methacrylic acid (MA), bishydroxypropoxyphenyl propane (Bis‐HPPP), and triethylene glycol (TEG) at levels of 50 μM in vivo. Studies have found that TEGDMA degradation products alter the growth and gene expression of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans. Specifically, TEG was shown to alter S. mutans gene expression levels of gtfB, a known virulence factor, and yfiV, a putative transcriptional regulator of cell‐surface fatty acid genes. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of BisGMA degradation products on the growth and gene expression of S. mutans NG8 cells. Results demonstrated slight inhibition of bacterial growth at Bis‐HPPP concentrations of 1.0 × 102 and 2.5 × 102 μM at pH 5.5. Furthermore, both MA and Bis‐HPPP affected gtfB and yfiV expression in a concentration‐dependent manner. Because BisGMA is universally used across most dental restorative materials, with millions of placement procedures performed annually, these findings are relevant due to the potential influence of resin monomer‐derived biodegradation products on biofilm formation, acid tolerance, and proliferation of S. mutans cells. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Effect of the heating temperature on the corrosion resistance of alkali‐treated titanium
Authors: Krupa D. , Baszkiewicz J. , Mizera J. , Borowski T. , Barcz A. , Sobczak J. W. , Biliński A. , Lewandowska‐Szumieł M. , Wojewódzka M.
Published: March 2008

The paper presents the results of examinations of the corrosion resistance of titanium after its being subjected to the surface modification by the alkali‐ and heat‐treatments. The material examined was commercially pure titanium (grade 2). The samples were soaked in an aqueous 10M NaOH solution at 60°C for 24 h and subsequently heated at 500, 600, or 700°C for 1 h. The chemical composition of the surface layers was determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The phases present in the layers were identified by XRD. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical methods (Stern's method, potentiodynamic method, and impedance spectroscopy) at a temperature of 37°C after short‐ and long‐time exposures. The 13 h exposure was aimed to allow the corrosion potential to stabilize. The aim of the long‐term exposures was to examine how the corrosion resistance of the modified samples changes during the exposure. Under the conditions prevailing during the experiments, the highest corrosion resistance was achieved with the samples heated at a temperature of 700°C. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Micropatterned hot‐embossed polymeric surfaces influence cell proliferation and alignment
Authors: Moroni Lorenzo , Lee Luke P.
Published: March 2008

Micropatterning is a powerful technique to custom‐make and precisely control the surface topography of materials, which is determinant for a better interaction with cells. A modification of conventional micropatterning is proposed here to fabricate textured film from stiff and sticky polymers such as poly(lactide(s)‐co‐glycolide(s)) (PLGA) without the use of supports or solvents. Micropatterned PLGA films with square pits varying in height and channels varying in width were made to study the influence of these topographical parameters on human fibroblasts proliferation, morphology, and alignment. With increasing the square pit height, the cell attachment efficiency increased. After 10 days of culture the micropatterned films supported a significantly higher cell proliferation than smooth films. In particular, cell growth was highly stimulated in 150‐μm‐wide channels. Fibroblasts were spread with a typical spindle shape in all the films. Cell spreading increased with increasing the textured dimensions. A random cell organization was found for smooth and for square pit samples, and a high alignment was observed along the 150‐μm‐wide channels. Smaller and bigger channels did not support substantial cell growth, suggesting a possible “recognition” mechanism of the cells for optimal organization. These findings could be useful in tissue engineering applications where higher proliferation rates and eventual random or unidimensional alignments of cells are desirable. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
SEL1L and HRD1 are involved in the degradation of unassembled secretory Ig‐µ chains
Authors: Cattaneo Monica , Otsu Mieko , Fagioli Claudio , Martino Simone , Lotti Lavinia Vittoria , Sitia Roberto , Biunno Ida
Published: March 2008

When expressed in the absence of light chains, secretory Ig‐µ chains (µs) undergo endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD). This process involves the recognition of terminally misfolded or unassembled molecules, their retro‐translocation across the ER membrane and ubiquitination for degradation by cytosolic proteasomes. The molecular components of the ERAD pathway and their coordination remain largely unknown. Here we employed co‐immunoprecipitation, silencing or over‐expression assays to show that SEL1L and HRD1 are involved in the degradation of unassembled Ig‐µs, but have minor effects on another substrate, TCR‐α. SEL1L and HRD1 localize in the early secretory apparatus and are induced by ER stress and during B cell differentiation, concomitantly with the onset of massive IgM secretion. These findings reveal a role for SEL1L and HRD1 in IgM quality control. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 794–802, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An improvement in the calculation of the magnetic field for an arbitrary geometry coil with rectangular cross section Int. J. Numer. Model. 2005; 18(6):493–504
Authors: Babic Slobodan I. , Akyel Cevdet
Published: March 2008

The above article was published in Volume 18, Issue 6, Pages 493–504, (October 2005).

A number of imperfections were subsequently identified and have been corrected below.

On page 497, the following equation has been corrected to:

On page 501, the following equation has been corrected to:

On page 502, the following equation has been corrected to:
Novel interface‐selective even‐order nonlinear spectroscopy
Authors: Yamaguchi S. , Tahara T.
Published: March 2008

New interface‐selective second‐ (χ(2)) and fourth‐order (χ(4)) nonlinear spectroscopic techniques have been developed. χ(2) electronic sum frequency generation (ESFG) spectroscopy enables us to obtain interfacial electronic spectra with an unprecedented high signal‐to‐noise ratio and dense wavelength data points. Frequency‐domain χ(4) Raman spectroscopy provides vibrational spectra of interfaces for a very wide wavenumber range covering the whole fingerprint region. Because these new even‐order electronic and vibrational nonlinear spectroscopies utilize only visible and/or near‐infrared laser pulses, they are applicable to a variety of “buried” interfaces that are not readily accessed by the other existing methods.