bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AUSENCIA DE FUNDAMENTO EN LA DETERMINACIÓN DE LA REPARACIÓN CIVIL EN DELITOS DE PELIGRO ABSTRACTO, Y SU AFECTACIÓN AL DERECHO A LA DEBIDA MOTIVACIÓN
Authors: Calsin Coila Humberto Juan
Published: January 2022

La investigación aborda la ausencia de justificación al momento de determinarse la reparación civil en delitos de peligro abstracto. Se sabe que en los delitos de peligro abstracto no existe daño alguno y por regla general la reparación civil debe imponerse cuando exista daño. Para estudiar el tema se usó el tipo de investigación jurídico-doctrinal, donde se analizó la naturaleza jurídica de la reparación civil, igualmente se analizó los criterios judiciales que tomaron los jueces para determinarse la reparación civil en los delitos de peligro abstracto, así como se analizó si se afectó o no el derecho a la debida motivación al fundamentarse las sentencias condenatorias. Llegándose a las conclusiones siguientes: a) la naturaleza jurídica de la reparación civil es de tendencia privada, b) no existe un criterio de cómo debe determinarse la reparación civil en los delitos de peligro abstracto, menos lo desarrolla el Acuerdo Plenario N° 06-2006/CJ-116, y, c) los jueces penales de juzgamiento de la provincia de Puno y San Román al fundamentar las sentencias condenatorias en los casos de delitos de peligro abstracto realizaron una motivación aparente respecto de la reparación civil, vulnerando el derecho a la debida motivación de las resoluciones judiciales.
PENANAMAN NILAI – NILAI PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL BAGI PENDIDIK
Authors: Rahman Rahman , Warsah Idi , Amin Alfauzan , Adisel Adisel
Published: January 2022

Penanaman nilai – nilai pendidikan multicultural bagi pendidik adalah hal yang sangat utama untuk mewujudkan situasi kondisi pendidikan yang mendamaikan dan adanya sikap saling menghormati dan menghargai. Tulisan ini menyampaikan tentang bagaimana upaya yang dilakukan untuk menanamkan nilai – nilai multicultural bagi peserta didik dan masyarakat secara umum. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan Library Research, yaitu penelusuran berbagai buku, artikel jurnal dan sumber lainnya yang memiliki keterhubungan dengan pendidikan multicultural. Pendidikan multikultural dapat didefinisikan sebagai pendidikan untuk atau tentang keragaman kebudayaan dalam merespon perubahan demografis dan kultural lingkungan masyarakat tertentu bahkan dunia secara keseluruhan. Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat. Pendidikan multikultural adalah suatu pendekatan progresif untuk melakukan transformasi pendidikan yang secara menyeluruh membongkar kekurangan, kegagalan, dan praktik-praktik diskriminasi dalam proses pendidikan. Dengan demikian pendidikan multikultural, diharapkan adanya kekenyalan dan kelenturan mental bangsa menghadapi benturan konflik sosial. Pendidikan multikultural adalah sebuah bentuk pendidikan yang menerapkan strategi dan konsep pendidikan yang berbasis pada pemanfaatan keragaman yang ada di masyarakat, khususnya yang ada pada siswa seperti keragaman etnis, budaya, bahasa, agama, status sosial, gender, kemampuan, umur, dan ras. Dan yang paling penting, strategi ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran siswa agar selalu berperilaku humanis, pluralis, dan demokratis.
Impacto de la pandemia COVID-19 en el desarrollo social
Authors: Espinoza Morales Francisco , Zallas Esquer Lidia Amalia , González Velásquez Leticia María , Ibarra Morales Luis Enrique , Paredes Zempual Daniel , Casas Medina Emma Vanessa , Martínez Muñoz Enrique , Clark Valenzuela Ernesto , Morillo Moreno Marysela Coromoto , Zayas Campas María del Rosario , Barrón Wilson Modesto , Olivares Leal Amado , Peralta Miranda Pabla Eusebia , Coronado García Manuel Arturo , Romero Ochoa Miguel Ángel , Espinoza Zallas Francisco Alan , Flores Figueroa Julián , Montijo Valenzuela Eliel Eduardo , Cota del Río Francisco Gabriel , Rascón Larios Angélica María , Llamas Aréchiga Beatriz , Rincón Ornelas Rosa María , Córdova Pimentel Adriel , Coronado Rincón Oscar , Bolívar Mojica Eyder , Hernández Valdés Jorge , Bustos Aguayo José Marcos , Carreón Guillén Javier , Juárez Nájera Margarita , García Lirios Cruz
Published: January 2022

La riqueza de esta obra estriba en los trabajos de investigación generados sobre el impacto que ha tenido la pandemia COVID-19 en la sociedad a nivel mundial en todos los sectores de la sociedad, que resume el debate colectivo que desarrolló el VI Encuentro de Cuerpos Académicos; Grupos Disciplinares y de Investigación; los Cuerpos Académicos Desarrollo Regional y Competitividad; Estudios Financieros Competitividad y Transparencias en la Entidades Públicas; Cuerpo Académico- Dogmática Jurídica y Procesos Educativo de la Unidad Regional Sur de la Universidad de Sonora; Desarrollo Económica Regional y Competitividad Empresarial (UES) y Cuerpo Académico Administración Organizacional ITSON; la RED Academic Transdiciplinary Network (ATN) y la Red de Líderes Investigadores en Innovación, competitividad y Estrategias Organizacionales (RED LIICEO). La diversidad de ópticas permite un análisis y discusión de más aporte para entender las consecuencias de la pandemia COVID-19 en el mundo y en nuestro país. Es un compromiso aportar elementos teóricos y conocimientos científicos para comprender la magnitud de los efectos de la Pandemia COVID-19.
Responsabilidad social, ética corporativa, gestión ambiental y riesgos socio ambientales en la sostenibilidad empresarial
Authors: De la Rosa Leal Maria Eugenia
Published: January 2022

Por varias décadas las organizaciones empresariales han adoptado una postura legal de interpretación del medio ambiente, atendiendo de forma emergente acciones remediales de riesgo ambiental y de reducción de la presión social comunitaria. La apropiación real del Desarrollo Sustentable puede sustentarse en una gestión ambiental profesional, que requiere una inversión tecnológica, financiera y personal capacitado, cuyos beneficios compensan su inversión, acercando a las organizaciones a un enfoque de calidad. Lo anterior, contextualiza éste libro, que establece una guía de alcance y posibilidades de las organizaciones económicas, análisis de riesgos e indicadores socio-ambientales en un ganar-ganar, desde un contexto local, nacional e internacional, desde la perspectiva de las ciencias administrativas. En este libro en pro de la sostenibilidad y la sustentabilidad, se desarrollan cinco líneas temáticas: Desarrollo Sostenible, Responsabilidad Social, Regulaciones ambientales, Riesgos socio ambientales y Sistemas de Gestión, desde el eje de la gestión, calidad ambiental, seguridad y control de impactos ambientales, laborales y comunitario.
Turismo como área de oportunidad para el desarrollo económico y sustentable de tres localidades del estado de Sonora
Authors: Chávez Valdez Aarón , Enríquez Acosta Jesús Ángel , Robles Baldenegro María Elena
Published: January 2022

La obra está estructurada a partir de los diversos modelos de competitividad y sustentabilidad del sector turístico, que se retoman para formular un modelo específico que explique la dinámica presente en las tres localidades estudio. De igual forma se analizan los aspectos teóricos y conceptuales, así como los objetivos de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible que involucran al turismo como eje articulador del crecimiento y desarrollo económico. Los enfoques metodológicos cuantitativo y cualitativo son las herramientas de análisis a través de las cuales se desarrolla la investigación, de manera que se examinan y contrastan los resultados más relevantes. Es una forma novedosa de medir la competitividad turística en sus diferentes dimensiones, así como la sustentabilidad en las localidades turísticas de sol y playa más representativas del estado de Sonora.
About One Representation-Interpreter of a Monotone Measure
Authors: Sirbiladze Gia , Midodashvili Bidzina , Midodashvili Levan , Siprashvili David
Published: January 2022

We consider the problem of presenting a nonclassical measure (nonadditive, but monotonous), so-called fuzzy (monotone) measure, by a classical measure, particularly by the Murofushi–Sugeno-type new representation-interpreter. The theorems on the universal interpreter of a monotone (fuzzy) measure in the Choquet integral environment and second-order dual capacities are considered.
 
Received: 1 October 2021 | Revised: 20 October 2021 | Accepted: 11 November 2021
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
An Assessment Of Tree Banding Techniques To Capture Cankerworm Defoliators Of Elm And Ash Trees In Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Authors: La France Kerienne R. , Westwood A. Richard
Published: January 2022

Fall cankerworm (Alsophila pometariaL.) and spring cankerworm (Paleacrita vernataPeck) are widely distributed across North America. The larvae feed on the leaves of several species of urban street trees, and repeated severe defoliation can cause a reduction in growth and may contribute to tree mortality. This study examined the effectiveness of Tanglefoot™-covered tree bands and the Bug Barrier Tree Band™ in preventing the upward movement of female cankerworms on the trunk by comparing capture rates of adult moths. There were no significant differences among tree species in the number ofA. pometariaadults caught, whileP. vernatashowed a preference for elm (Ulmusspp.) over ash (Fraxinusspp.). Up to 25% of female moths crossed the Bug Barrier Tree Band, and up to 20% of females crossed the Tanglefoot-covered bands in three experiments in 2002 and 2003. There was no significant difference between the two band types in the proportion of females crossing bands. Larval populations were not large enough to determine the effect of the bands on reducing tree defoliation. The Bug Barrier Tree Band was easier to install and remove than the Tanglefoot-covered bands and required considerably less clean-up afterward.
Status, Needs, and Knowledge Levels of Mississippi’s Communities Relative to Urban Forestry
Authors: Grado Stephen C. , Grebner Donald L. , Measells Marcus K. , Husak Amanda L.
Published: January 2022

There is a need to determine levels of knowledge about and participation in urban and community forestry programs by local elected officials and other community planners. This project’s goals were to identify the past and current involvement and future interest levels among Mississippi’s small to large communities for urban forestry programs and assistance. A mail survey was sent to 296 Mississippi, U.S., communities. There were 159 surveys returned for a response rate of 53.7%. In general, the survey sample of Mississippi’s communities indicated that a sizable number of officials have little or no awareness or interest in urban and community forestry. Among the Mississippi communities that wanted to establish urban and community forestry programs, most cited a lack of funding as the reason for not initiating projects or sustaining existing programs. Greater effort in disseminating information on funding opportunities is necessary, given that most Mississippi communities were aware of only a few national programs. Participation in statewide or local programs was minimal. Without good information and reliable funding, communities are limited in undertaking systematic planning and associated programs for tree resources in their community. In addition, effectively delivering information to communities to broaden public appreciation of urban forest resources is critical.
The Effects Of Pruning Type On Wind Loading OfAcer Rubrum
Authors: Smiley E. Thomas , Kane Brian
Published: January 2022

The wind load, bending moment, height, and weight were determined for 81 red maples (Acer rubrum) before and after pruning. Trees were thinned, reduced, lion tailed, or stripped of foliage. All three pruning treatments reduced wind load significantly compared to unpruned trees at all tested velocities (11, 16, and 20 m/sec [25, 35, and 45 mph]). Reduction in wind load increased with increasing velocity. Differences in wind-load reduction between reduction pruning and thinning were not significant at any velocity. The reduction in wind load was linearly related to the amount of weight removed by pruning treatments. Compared to the same trees prior to pruning, the center of pressure height was significantly lowered on thinned and reduced trees, while the center of pressure height did not change on lion-tailed trees.
Response to Fertilization of Different Tree Species in the Urban Environment
Authors: Ferrini F. , Baietto M.
Published: January 2022

The influence of fertilization on shoot growth, leaf gas exchange, leaf chlorophyll content, and mineral content was monitored on sweetgum (Liquidambar stryraciflua L.), Japanese pagoda tree (Styphnolobium japonicum Schott), and European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) over a 3-year period after planting in the urban environment. The research was carried out on newly planted trees that were placed in different urban sites and fertilized after planting. Fertilization was repeated for 2 years after planting at the beginning of the spring. There were contrasting results according to the species and the year of measurements. Fertilization was to a limited extent effective in the first year after planting but failed to provide better results in the following years. Thus, the results of this research do not support the utility of fertilizer application as a method to improve plant establishment, growth, or physiology after transplanting in the urban environment.
Imidacloprid Concentrations in Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) Following Treatments with Two Trunk-Injection Methods
Authors: Harrell Mark
Published: January 2022

Two imidacloprid trunk-injection products (Pointer TMand Imicide®) were applied to green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) in May and July to compare the concentrations of imidacloprid in sap and leaf and trunk tissues after the injections. Sap samples were extracted from shoots 0, 3, 7, 30, 60, and 90 days after treatment and analyzed for imidacloprid. Dry leaf samples were analyzed for imidacloprid at 30 and 90 days after treatment. Combined xylem and cambial zone samples were analyzed for imidacloprid at 90 days after treatment at 0.5 m (1.65 ft) and 1.0 m (3.3 ft) above the injection sites. Sap imidacloprid concentrations in trees treated in May with Pointer were significantly higher than the untreated control at 7 days after treatment (P < 0.05) but were not significantly different from the control on other days or different from Imicide on any day. Sap imidacloprid levels in trees treated in July with Pointer were significantly higher than the control at 30 days after treatment but were not significantly different from Imicide. Dry leaf imidacloprid levels in trees treated with Pointer were significantly higher than the Imicide and control treatments at 30 and 90 days after treatment. Xylem and cambial zone imidacloprid levels in trees treated with Pointer were significant higher than the Imicide and control treatments at 90 days after treatment at 1.0 m (3.3 ft) above the injection sites but were not significantly higher at 0.5 m (1.65 ft). No imidacloprid levels from Imicide were significantly different from those in the untreated control trees.
Silver Birch (Betula pendula) Pollen and Human Health: Problems for an Exotic Tree in New Zealand
Authors: Spellerberg Ian , Eriksson Nils , St. A. Crump Vincent
Published: January 2022

Silver birch (Betula pendula) is commonly used as a street tree in temperate climatic regions. However, the medical literature contains a wealth of reports on the health effects of pollen from silver birch. In many countries such as New Zealand, silver birch is the main tree that causes allergic symptoms, including seasonal hayfever, asthma, and other health conditions such as food allergies (the oral allergy syndrome). Exposure to pollen from silver birch is more likely to occur in cities because of the numbers of the trees and the human population density. Even if there were doubts about the extent of the problem and the costs associated with the problem, the precautionary principle should apply. The health-related problems of silver birch should be promulgated and trees should be removed.
Urban Trees and Traffic Safety: Considering U.S. Roadside Policy and Crash Data
Authors: Wolf Kathleen , Bratton Nicholas
Published: January 2022

In the mid to late 20th century, U.S. transportation agencies focused on traffic planning and design practices intended to achieve high levels of traffic capacity and safety for roads at lowest cost. Intangible values of the roadside such as community character and environmental systems were often overlooked, including the urban forest. Context Sensitive Solutions is a U.S. national policy intended to better incorporate local community values into transportation planning processes and products. The starting point for community-based roadside design is adequate research. This study analyzed national traffic collision data to address concerns about urban trees and traffic safety, including crash incidence and severity. Distinctions of urban and rural conditions were explored using descriptive, comparative, and predictive analysis methods. The findings acknowledge the serious consequences of tree crashes but distinguish urban/rural situations. Circumstances of tree crashes in urban settings are not well understood. Conclusions address future applications of flexible transportation design. The clear zone philosophy has been widely applied in rural settings but may need modification to better incorporate community values in urban design. Future research needs include testing of trees as a mitigation technology in safe roadside design and risk assessment as a community expression of value.
Particulate Organic Matter and Soil Nitrogen Availability in Urban Landscapes
Authors: Scharenbroch Bryant , Lloyd John
Published: January 2022

Toward developing nitrogen management in amenity tree care, we studied soil organic matter, microbial biomass, and carbon and nitrogen mineralization in an attempt to characterize the plant available nitrogen under a variety of landscape management conditions. Fine particulate organic matter (POM) fractions were significantly correlated with microbial biomass, carbon mineralization, and nitrogen mineralization (R 2values ranging from 0.42 to 0.89). These urban landscapes were assigned a site quality index based on landscape age and management practices. Fine POM, microbial biomass N, and N mineralization were significantly and positively correlated with the site quality index (R 2values of 0.86, 0.90, and 0.84, respectively). We propose that with refinement and further testing, a fine POM measurement can be used to accurately predict soil nitrogen availability in urban landscapes. This research shows that urban landscapes are quite variable in terms of nitrogen availability. As a result of this variability, we recommend that urban landscapes be assessed on a per-site basis for proper nitrogen management.
Growth and Water Use Characteristics of Six Eastern North American Oak (Quercus) Species and the Implications for Urban Forestry
Authors: Struve Daniel , Sternberg Petra , Drunasky Nick , Bresko Kurt , Gonzalez Rico
Published: January 2022

Seedling growth and water use of six North American oak species were studied in a series of four experiments to determine inter- and intraspecies water use characteristics. Xeric-site adapted species (chestnut oak, Q. prinus [L.] and black oak, Q. velutina [Lamb.]) had slower growth (height and dry weight accumulation and lower shoot:root ratios) than mesic-site adapted species (bur oak, Quercus macrocarpus [Michx.]; pin oak, Q. palustris [Muenchh.], northern red oak, Q. rubra [L]; and Shumard oak, Q. shumardii [Buckl.]). Principal component analysis (a statistical technique used to identify correlated variables) using 11 variables found that seedling water use loaded positively with seedling growth factors (taller seedlings tended to have higher dry weights and greater leaf and root areas and used more water than shorter seedlings, which tended to have lower dry weights, smaller leaf, and root areas) in the first principal component. However, in the third experiment, seedling growth factors loaded negatively with seedling water use for Q. prinus. Tall Q. prinus seedlings tended to use less water than short seedlings. However, other measures of water use (g water cm −1height and cm −2leaf and root area) loaded negatively on the first principal component. Correlations between seedling heights and seedling waters use were significant and positive, but great within-species and within half-sib family differences in height-adjusted water use (g water cm −1height) were found. By plotting height-adjusted water use against seedling height, efficient and inefficient water use seedlings could be identified. Inefficient water use seedlings were shorter and had higher water use cm −1height than efficient water use seedlings. Inefficient water use seedlings were described as having a xeric-water use habit, whereas tall seedlings had a mesic-water use habit. Potentially, height-adjusted water use could be used as a method for selecting individual oak seedlings better adapted to stressful urban planting sites.
Evaluation of the Fate of Ice Storm-Damaged Urban Maple (Acer) Trees
Authors: Luley Christopher , Bond Jerry
Published: January 2022

Annually, ice storms cause millions of dollars of damage to urban trees and infrastructure in the United States and Canada. However, there is limited information to guide judgments on whether to remove ice-damaged trees. This study followed the response of three maple species that were damaged in the 1998 ice storm in northern New York State. Norway (Acer platanoides), silver (A. saccharinum), and sugar maples (A. saccharum) were placed in one of three diameter classes and canopy loss categories and were reevaluated 6 years after the initial damage. Over the 5-year study period, 26.8% of trees were removed, and there was no statistical difference among species, crown loss, or diameter class for these removals. Analysis of a variety of tree health and crown parameters showed that tree species was the most important factor in response, whereas diameter class and crown loss were less important. These results suggest that urban tree managers should consider tree species as an important factor in making removal decisions after an ice storm.
Effectiveness of Permethrin Plus-C (Masterline ) and Carbaryl (Sevin SL ) for Protecting Individual, High-Value Pines (Pinus) From Bark Beetle Attack
Authors: Fettig Christopher , DeGomez Tom , Gibson Kenneth , Dabney Christopher , Borys Robert
Published: January 2022

Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) are commonly recognized as the most important mortality agent in western North American coniferous forests. High-value trees such as those located in residential, recreational, or administrative sites are particularly susceptible to attack. Regardless of landowner objectives, tree losses in these unique environments generally have a catastrophic impact. The value of these individual trees, the cost of removal, and the loss of aesthetics may justify protection until the main thrust of a bark beetle infestation subsides. This situation emphasizes the need for assuring that effective insecticides are available for individual tree protection. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of permethrin plus-C (Masterline®) and carbaryl (Sevin SL®) for protecting ponderosa, Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws., lodgepole, P. contorta Dougl. ex Loud., and pinyon, P. edulis Engelm., pines from bark beetle attack during two field seasons. Masterline® was effective for protecting P. contorta from mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, attack for one field season. However, Sevin SL® was efficacious for two field seasons. An insufficient number of P. ponderosa and P. edulis control trees were killed to make definitive conclusions regarding efficacy in those systems. The data reported here regarding Masterline® is the first published report on its effectiveness for preventing bark beetle attack on standing trees. Masterline® appears to be an effective individual tree protection tool, but repeated applications will be necessary if multiyear control is desired.
Compost-Containing Substrates and Their Effect on Posttransplant Growth of Containerized Tree Seedlings
Authors: Roberts Bruce
Published: January 2022

Greenhouse studies were undertaken to determine the influence of composted media on the posttransplant growth of containerized red maple, sugar maple, and green ash seedlings. Before planting, the chemical and physical properties of each substrate were measured. For media containing composted biosolids, pH was significantly higher, whereas electrical conductivity, air-filled porosity, and total pore space were significantly lower than in a composted medium without biosolids. For composted substrates containing at least some soil, bulk density, particle density, and container capacity were all significantly greater than for composts without any soil. Growth of red maple was about the same in a noncomposted soilless medium (Metro-mix 360) as it was in substrates containing biosolid compost. Height growth, total biomass, and root biomass of green ash were all significantly greater for seedlings grown in Metro-mix 360 only, and the growth of sugar maple seedlings was about the same in Metro-mix 360 or in a composted substrate without biosolids (Metro-mix 560). The results of this study suggest no particular short-term growth advantage of using composted media as backfill amendments when transplanting; however, the addition of composts could be beneficial in improving the chemical and physical properties of native soils, particularly urban soils containing very low levels of organic matter.
Lessons Learned from Developing Best Management Practices for Urban Tree Care and Wildlife
Authors: Bassett Corinne , Gilpin Ryan , Donohue Kara
Published: January 2022

Urban forests create indispensable habitat for declining wildlife populations. The tree care industry is essential to the viability of urban forests and thus the survival of urban wildlife. At the same time, tree care operations such as tree removal and branch pruning present clear threats to urban wildlife and their habitats. Here we describe the development of a grassroots coalition of arborists and wildlife advocates in the Western United States and the process of charting a path to best management practices and professional training to mitigate the impacts of tree care practices to wildlife. In particular, we describe the unique challenges and opportunities that arose through this multi-disciplinary process and build a case for the benefits of uniting diverse communities of practice around complex urban ecological problems. We finish by laying out recommendations to the international arboriculture and urban forestry practitioner and research communities.
Del campo de batalla a las aulas. Revisitar a Ignacio en un año complejo
Authors: Camacho Gazca José Luis
Published: January 2022

A 500 años de la herida de san Ignacio, las instituciones educativas encomendadas a la Compañía de Jesús inician la conmemoración en un año atípico y complejo. La pandemia surge como una herida colectiva que exige un momento de reposo y curación. Los retos usuales de la educación superior encuentran hoy un panorama incierto que exige una revisión de nuestras tradiciones educativas y habilidades docentes, a la luz de la pedagogía ignaciana que hoy aparece como una oportunidad para situarnos en un momento complicado y evaluarnos sinceramente. Este texto pretende mostrar qué elementos de esa pedagogía van encontrando áreas de oportunidad entre nuestros estudiantes, además de ofrecer perspectivas a los docentes que se sienten limitados al momento de aplicarla a sus respectivos cursos.
KEGIATAN VAKSINASI SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN IMUNITAS MASYARAKAT DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Nafiah Hana , Putri Aryati Dyah
Published: January 2022

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) atau Covid-19 dinyatakan sebagai kasus pandemic global. Penyebaran virus covid-19 saat ini yang semakin memburuk dari hari kehari. Strategi penting diambil oleh pemerintah saat ini adalah dengan pelaksanaan vaksinasi COVID-19. Vaksinasi merupakan upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh seseorang secara aktif terhadap suatu penyakit, sehingga jika suatu saat terpajan dengan panyekit tersebut maka hanya mengalami sakit ringan. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan berjudul kegiatan vaksinasi sebagai upaya meningkatkan imunitas masyarakat di tengah pandemic Covid-19. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Pekajangan Pekalongan (UMPP) dengan sasarannya adalah mahasiswa dan masyarakat sekitar UMPP. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada tanggal 2-5 Agustus 2021. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa belum sepenuhnya masyarakat berseia melakukan vaksinasi covid-19 dengan berbagai alasan. Angka cakupan masyarakat yang mengikuti vaksinasi sejumlah 1678 peserta dari jumlah yang ditargetkan adalah 1482 peserta. Diperlukan koordinasi sinergis dari para akademisi, tenaga kesehatan, dan pemerintah. meningkatkan edukasi dan mengubah pola pikir masyarakat guna untuk saling menjaga kesehatannya masing-masing.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kompetensi Dasar Kemahakuasaan Allah Pelajaran Agama Kristen Melalui Metode Tanya Jawab Di Kelas XI SMK Negeri Negeri 2 Siatas Barita T.A. 2020/2021
Authors: Simatupang Jeslin
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk usaha meningkatkan motivasi belajar Agama Kristen melalui metode tanya jawab pada kompetensi dasar kemahakuasaan Allah di Kelas XI SMK Negeri 2 Siatas Barita. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas XI SMK Negeri 2 Siatas Barita yang berjumlah 20 orang siswa. Adapun masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah melalui metode tanya jawab dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar untuk belajar Agama Kristen khususnya kompetensi dasar kemahakuasaan Allah.  Untuk memperoleh data dilakukan observasi yang dibantu dengan alat pengumpul data dengan lembar observasi dan analisis, berdasarkan hasil penelitian tindakan yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil bahwa pada penelitian tindakan awal di peroleh hasi bahwa kemampuan awal siswa terlihat bahwa hanya 2 orang siswa (10%) dengan nilai 90 yang telah berhasil mendapatkan ketuntasan pembelajaran sedangkan sisanya 18 orang siswa (90%) belum berhasil dalam menuntaskan hasil belajarnya  siklus I Sebanyak 4 orang siswa (20%) dengan nilai capaian 70. Sedangkan sisanya 16 orang siswa (80%) belum tuntas mencapai ketuntasan minimum belajar, Sementara pada siklus II Terlihat bahwa dari 20 orang siswa sebayak 18 (98) orang yang telah tuntas mencapai ketuntasan minimum pembelajaran sementara 2 (2%) orang belum tuntas dalam mencapai ketuntasan pembelajaran. Dengan demikian hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa dalam mempelajari Agama Kristen terkhususnya kompetensi dasar kemahakuasaan Allah dengan menggunakan metode tanyajawab.
Perancangan Website Profil Sekolah Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 2 Medan
Authors: Ika Sari Zulfikri Siregar, Ramli,
Published: January 2022

In Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 2 Medan, the process of school profile information still uses brochures, pamphlets, banners and delivery through the students themselves so that the scope of promotion does not extend to other areas. To make it easy for the community to see the profile of the Mtsn 2 School and to make it easy for employees to input school profile information data, the authors designed a Web-based system. In the process of collecting data with the aim of solving problems, the authors used descriptive data collection methods, namely observation and interviews. Here the author uses a Web-based system. This website was developed using PHP and MYSQL software. This website contains the vision and mission, organizational structure, teacher data, employee data, academic, non-academic activity data and facility data. Which aims to introduce the Mtsn 2 Medan school to the general public. Based on the results of the tests that have been carried out, this Web-based school profile system can help Mtsn 2 Medan School in promoting the school to the wider community and is able to facilitate employee work
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Geoboard Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Keliling Dan Luas Bangun Datar Kelas III SD
Authors: Safrida Napitupulu Ayu Ningrum,
Published: January 2022

Selecting and using appropriate learning media certainly has an effect on the quality of learning and students’ learning outcomes. This research started from the reality at SD Negri 101919 Kuala Namu that teachers had not used the right learning media as a tool in explaining plane figure material, low students’ learning outcomes in mathematics subjects, difficulty understanding math lessons, lack of using learning media in explaining math subject matter. The objective of the research was to find out whether there was an effect of using geoboard learning media on students’ learning outcomes on the the plane figure circumference and area of grade III elementary school. This type of research was quantitative research with Quasi Experiment Research Type with Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study is all grade III students of SD Negeri101919 Kuala Namu with a total of 36 students. The sampling technique used in this research was the simple random sampling technique, while the sample in this research was class III A which amounted to 18 students as an experimental class and class III B which amounted to 18 students as a control class. The instrument used in the research was a multiple-choice form test. The data analysis technique used was a t-test that as preceded by a prerequisite test of analysis using a normality test and a homogeneity test. The prettest average score for the experimental class was 64,77 and the perettest of the control class learning outcomes was 50,05. Then the two classes were given different treatments, so the average posttest grade of experimental class learning outcomes was 85 and the control class was 75,05. Hypothesis testing was done with the t test. From the results of calculations obtained tcount > ttable (2,9 > 2,02). It can be seen that tcount > ttable, so Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. So the results of this research conclusion that the results of students’ learning mathematics who used geoboard learning media were higher than the results of students’ learning mathematics who used conventional learning media.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Powerpoint Padu Musik Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Siswa Kelas 5 SDN 105326 Bangun Rejo
Authors: Beta Rapita Silalahi Muhammad Aldi,
Published: January 2022

The aim of the researcher is to describe the Development of PowerPoint-Based Learning Media with Music to Improve Social Studies Learning Outcomes for 5th Graders at SDN 105326 Bangun Rejo. This research is a type of research with a development model or Research and Development (R&D) with a research product, namely PowerPoint-based learning media. Based on the results of inferential statistical analysis using the t test formula, it can be seen that the value is 43,640. With a frequency (dk) of 31 – 1 = 30 at a significance level of 5%, it is obtained = 1,571. Therefore > at a significance level of 0.05, the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted, and on the T-test, the Sig value is 0.000, which means that there is an influence in using Powerpoint-Based Learning Media with Music on the student learning outcomes in social studies subjects, especially on the subject of regional culture in Indonesia class V SDN 105326 Bangun Rejo. The results of the analysis above which show the influence of Powerpoint-Based Learning Media Unified Music are in line with the results of observations made, besides Cronbach's Alpha is obtained 0.820 which is Cronbach's Alpha > 0.7, then the data of Media-Based Learning Powerpoint Padu Musik is considered reliable or valid.
The Burden of Influenza Virus Infection among Children under 12 Years Old in Tropical Countries
Authors: LIM KAI JOO , MOHD. YUSOF HJ. IBRAHIM  , MOHD ROHAIZAT HASSAN  , ERIC TAN CHEE HOW  , MOHAMMAD SAFFREE JEFFREE
Published: January 2022

Every year influenza epidemic causes about 3 – 5 million severe respiratory infections and 250,000 to 500,000 deaths worldwide. Among them about 28,000 – 111,500 (11 – 22%) children under 5 years old die because of influenza-related acute lower respiratory tract infections. This review aims to explore the burden, risk factors and seasonality related to influenza virus infection among children under 5 years old in tropical countries. From 1st to 31st December 2020 literature search was done on PubMed and ScienceDirect databases using ‘influenza’ and other keywords such as paediatric, children, neurology complication and breastfeeding for articles published in the English language. About 10% of hospitalization with respiratory infections in children <18 years old are related to influenza. It is reported that about 11% – 26% of febrile illnesses among outpatients and 6 –14% of hospitalized patients with pneumonia were due to influenza virus. Global paediatric mortality estimates that death caused by influenza is highest among 1 – 12 months old children which is about 2.8% of all deaths. In Malaysia, there are no seasonal variations of influenza and the prevalence is higher during the middle of the year. Risk factors include male, age <12 months old and presented with seizure. Breastfeeding and vaccination for pregnant mothers can be beneficial for infants up to 6 months old. Influenza among the paediatric group is a significant health burden even in healthy children and are likely to be underdiagnosed. Vaccination can also be focused on pregnant mothers and children less than 12 years old.
AUDIOMETRIC ASSESSMENT IN POST COVID-19 PATIENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF KARACHI - PAKISTAN
Authors: Feroz Shanila , Mahmood Kausar , Udaipurwala Iqbal Hussain , Zain Syeda , Iqbal Mahveen , Azeem Muhammad Abdul
Published: January 2022

Objective: To assess audiometry investigations in patients having complaint of tinnitus, vertigo or hearing impairment after recovery from COVID-19 disease, having no external or middle ear diseases.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: United Medical and Dental College, Creek General hospital, Korangi, Karachi Pakistan, from March to May 2021.

Methodology: A total of 60 patients were included in this study who had recovered from the primary COVID-19 infection and reported with the complaints of tinnitus, vertigo and hearing loss. Pure tone audiogram was assessed for sensorineural deafness, its severity and frequencies affected. Pearson Chi square test was used to see the relation of symptoms with severity of hearing loss.

Results: There were 42 (70%) males and 18 (30%) female patients with age range from 18-50 years with mean age of 28.4 ± 8.1 years. Tinnitus was the most common complaint (83.3%) followed by hearing loss (28.3%) and vertigo (23.3%) patients. None of the patients with complaint of hearing loss had normal pure tone audiogram in either right or left ear (p=0.000). Patients with all the three complaints had more hearing impairment where majority had moderate or severe hearing loss (p=0.000). All patients with isolated complaint of vertigo (9 patients) had normal audiogram in both ears (p=0.000).

Conclusion: Auditory and vestibular system involvement in reasonably common in COVID-19 patients. Tinnitus is the most frequent symptom and it should be investigated with full audiological investigations.
AESTHETIC SURGERY: IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Khan Sikandar Ali , Ali Ghazanfar , Rehman Habib Ur , Tariq Muhammad , Raza Maqbool , Fareed Ghulam
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the impact of aesthetic surgery on quality of life.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: The departments of Psychiatry, Plastic Surgery and ENT, Combined Military Hospital Multan, from Jan to Nov 2020.

Methodology: Seventy-four patients were enrolled for this study. They underwent aesthetic surgery. A standard questioner was designed for these patients and response was obtained before undertaking the procedure and then after six months postoperatively. The questions were designed keeping in mind the specific type of surgery. Questions on Life Satisfaction, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) were asked. The data were collected and analyzed by using SSPS-25.

Results: There is high satisfaction postoperatively after aesthetic surgery. There are improvements in quality of life (p=0.03), physical well-being (Health) (p=0.03), body image (p=0.02), emotional stability (p<0.01) and emotional distress (Depression) (p=0.04 and anxiety (p=0.01) were noted to be reduced.

Conclusion: Aesthetic surgery leads to higher satisfaction in physical appearance, health, emotional stability and reduction of anxiety.
Thalassemia ENDOCRINOPATHIES IN THALASSEMIA PATIENTS
Authors: Touheed Umer , Maryam Samra , Murtaza Hafiz Muhammad , Sabir Muhammad Mujtaba , Goheer Lutfullah , Awan Aamir Aslam
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine the common endocrine complications found in children having thalassemia major.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Combined Military Hospital Multan, from May to Nov 2019.

Methodology: A total of 160 Children with thalassemia were taken in this study. Once registered, venous blood sample was taken and sent to the laboratory for endocrine profile. SPSS-21 was applied for analysis of collected data.

Results: Out of 160 study cases, 100 (62.5%) were boys while 60 (37.5%) were female patients. Mean age of our study cases was 8.58 ± 1.98 years. Mean duration of disease was 5.28 ± 3.29 years. Parental consanguinity was positive in 122 (76.3%) and only 47 (29.4%) were taking chelation therapy. Mean HbA1C level was 6.23 ± 1.18% mg/dl and diabetes was noted in 41 (25.6%) of our study cases. Mean FT4 was 0.98 ± 0.13 ng/dl and hypothyroidism was noted in 24 (15%) of our study cases.

Conclusion: Diabetes and hypothyroidism were the common endocrine complications noted in our study among children having thalassemia. All physicians treating such patients should always screen such patients for early diagnosis and timely management in order to reduce burden of related morbidities and enhance quality of life of these patients.
MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS AND USER AWARENESS IN PATIENTS USING SKIN LIGHTENING CREAMS REPORTING TO DERMATOLOGY OUT PATIENT DEPARTMENT IN COMBINED MILITARY HOSPITAL RAWALPINDI
Authors: Malik Sakina Sadiq , Mashhood Asher Ahmed , Tahir Moizza , Minhas Irfan Jamil , Sadiq Sunniya
Published: January 2022

Objective: To check the motivational factors behind the usage of skin lightening creams and users’ awareness in our setup by constructing a validated questionnaire.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Oct to Nov 2020.

Methodology: Two fifty patients who were using skin-lightening creams (SLC) were recruited after the informed consent. Questionnaire was made following seven steps as mentioned in AMEE (Association for Medical Education Europe) guide 87. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 21. Reliability was be checked by Cronbach@. Descriptive statistics of responses including frequencies and percentages were calculated. Exploratory factor analysis of questionnaire was made.

Results: Skin lightening cream users had age range from 16-56 years, majority 190 (76%) were females. Out of 158 (63.2%) were married, 180 (72%) well educated and 146 (58.4%) had Fitzpatrick skin type 3-5 predominate. Cronbach alpha of our questionnaire was 0.802. The 5-point likert scale was used to record users’ perceptions in the domains i.e., motivational factors, awareness about product and intentions. Majority, 89 (35.6%) used the product on social media recommendation. Out of 201 (80.4%) developed side effects with telangiectasia and skin thinning being the commonest ones. Out of 88 (35.2%) were using other skin whitening practices besides these creams.

Conclusion: False perceptions about fairness and lack of user’s awareness govern the skin lightening practices in our society resulting in increased usage and side effects experienced by users. A mass educational awareness program regarding “skin lightening.........
COMPARISON OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF DOCTORS IN SERVICES HOSPITALS WITH THAT OF EQUIVALENT SOCIAL STRATA IN RELATION TO THEIR EATING HABITS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Sukhera Asif Mumtaz , Roshan Rukhsana , Sajjad Sadia , Tanvir Sarah , Mashhadi Syed Fawad
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare the nutritional status of doctors and non-doctors in relation to their eating habits and physical activity

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital/Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Sep 2018 to Mar 2019.

Methodology: Anthropometric measurements like weight for age, height for age, weight according to height along with BMI were used as indicators of nutritional status. Data collection tool was built upon food frequency questionnaire and comprised of sociodemographic variables followed by major portions related to general health of respondents, nutritional assessment, dietary patterns and physical activity.

Results: Out of 200 respondents, 100 were physicians working in services hospitals of Army while rest hundred were serving officers non-doctors of similar social status. Mean age of the participants was 35.00 ± 7.57 years. There was no significant difference between self-perceived health status of both groups (p>0.05). Dietary habits of physicians were significantly healthy as compared to their counterparts (p=0.01) while physical activity patterns were better amongst non-doctors (p=0.001). Physicians had unhealthy dietary habits, but intake was bit less and cautious as compared to their counterpart group.

Conclusion: Doctors have better dietary patterns, but worse physical activity practices as compared to individuals with similar social strata. Risk factors and nutritional indicators were not different for both groups.
OVERVIEW OF PATIENT PREFERENCES IN THE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT PLAN OF EARLY BREAST CANCERS
Authors: Khan Ayesha , Mushtaq Afroz , Naqvi Syeda Rifaat Qamar , Bano Razia , Khan Fahad Ali , Begum Ruqia , Zaman Said , Mushtaq Sana
Published: January 2022

Objective: To determine patient preferences in the surgical options of early breast cancers and surgeon’s role in the decisionmaking.

Study Design: cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Breast Surgery Department, Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Nov 2020 to May 2021.

Methodology: Patients having early carcinoma breast were studied, i.e., clinical stage 1 or 2, and their surgical preference was recorded. The cases were discussed in multidisciplinary meetings, and a discussion session with patient conducted and then final decision taken from the patient was recorded again, and the results compared.

Results: A total of 28 patients were included in this study and their surgical preferences recorded. Of these patients 22 (78.5%) agreed to breast conservation initially, whereas one of the patients wanted mastectomy. Five (17.8%) patients were undecided between the two. After multidisciplinary team recommendation and discussion with surgeon, only one patient opted for mastectomy (3.6%).

Conclusion: Patients with early breast cancer when offered a surgical decision between breast conservation and mastectomy mostly opt for breast conservation; those who select mastectomy do so because of the fear of recurrence.