bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of chemical environment on the infrared spectra of embedded molecules in astrophysical ices
Authors: Bonfim Victor S. , Pilling Sergio
Published: September 2018

In this work, one intends to computationally simulate and investigate, via thermochemical calculations, how the chemical environment influences some molecular properties, such as IR spectra and absorption cross section, of individual species embedded in the solid phase employing the Polarized Continuum Model (PCM) approach. The trial molecules used here to check these effects are CO, CO2 and H2O. The solid phase (bulk ice) is simulated using different dielectric constant values representing different types of astrophysical ice at PCM approach. The effect of temperature is also investigated since it is known it affects the dielectric constant of the solvent medium.
Chemistry in velocity: Investigating gas chemical properties in 4D
Authors: Hacar Alvaro , van Dischoeck Ewine
Published: September 2018

Gas chemistry is typically characterized comparing integrated intensities of different molecular species. With the advent of ALMA, chemistry is now resolved not only in space but also in velocity. When observed at high spectral resolution, most of the clouds, filaments, and cores in the solar neighbourhood show a complex internal structure with multiple velocity components. This intrinsic complexity should be disentangled in order to correctly interpret their chemical properties. We present the first results of the FIVE+ analysis technique combining both state-of-the-art structure reconstruction (2D), kinematic decomposition (+1D), and chemical analysis (+1D) in large molecular datasets.
Surface astrochemistry: a computational chemistry perspective
Authors: Cuppen H. M. , Fredon A. , Lamberts T. , Penteado E. M. , Simons M. , Walsh C.
Published: September 2018

Molecules in space are synthesized via a large variety of gas-phase reactions, and reactions on dust-grain surfaces, where the surface acts as a catalyst. Especially, saturated, hydrogen-rich molecules are formed through surface chemistry. Astrochemical models have developed over the decades to understand the molecular processes in the interstellar medium, taking into account grain surface chemistry. However, essential input information for gas-grain models, such as binding energies of molecules to the surface, have been derived experimentally only for a handful of species, leaving hundreds of species with highly uncertain estimates. Moreover, some fundamental processes are not well enough constrained to implement these into the models.

The proceedings gives three examples how computational chemistry techniques can help answer fundamental questions regarding grain surface chemistry.
Movement Institutions: The Bureaucratic Sources of Feminist Protest
Authors: Bereni Laure , Revillard Anne
Published: September 2018

Over the past several decades, scholarship on women's movements, feminism, and the state has brought renewed attention to the study of protest politics by questioning its frontier with dominant institutions. This article takes this critique a step further by considering the institutional dimension of the state-movement intersection. Drawing on the French case, we argue that institutions that are formally devoted to women's rights inside the state (women's policy agencies) can operate as movement institutions—that is, as bureaucratic instances routinely engrained with a protest dimension—rather than being only a shelter for a network of insider activists. As such, they can provide a specific, institutional feminist socialization to their members; they can purvey, rather than only relay, feminist protest, and they can deploy institutional repertoires of protest, combining bureaucratic and movement dimensions. We conclude that the definition and boundaries of the women's movement need to be broadened to include bureaucratic sources of feminist protest.
Whistler Mode Waves Associated With Broadband Auroral Electron Precipitation at Jupiter
Authors: Kurth W. S. , Mauk B. H. , Elliott S. S. , Gurnett D. A. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Santolik O. , Connerney J. E. P. , Valek P. , Allegrini F. , Gladstone G. R. , Bolton S. J. , Levin S. M.
Published: September 2018

Large amplitude electromagnetic plasma waves are observed simultaneously with intense fluxes of electrons precipitating on auroral field lines at Jupiter. Here we present plasma wave observations from the Juno Waves instrument obtained during an instance of very intense broadband electron precipitation observed by the Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instrument connecting to Jupiter's main auroral oval. The wave spectrum extends from 50 Hz to ~10 kHz with peak‐to‐peak amplitudes of ~10 nT in the magnetic channel and of ~1 V/m in the electric channel, representing some of the most intense plasma waves observed by Juno. The E and B fields of these electromagnetic waves are correlated and have apparent polarization perpendicular to Jupiter's magnetic field with a downward Poynting flux. We conclude the plasma waves are whistler mode emissions with a possible admixture of ion‐cyclotron or Alfvén waves and may be important in the broadband electron acceleration.
Surface Temperature in Twentieth Century at the Styx Glacier, Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, From Borehole Thermometry
Authors: Yang Ji‐Woong , Han Yeongcheol , Orsi Anaïs J. , Kim Seong‐Joong , Han Hyangsun , Ryu Yeongjun , Jang Youngjoon , Moon Jangil , Choi Taejin , Hur Soon Do , Ahn Jinho
Published: September 2018

Reconstruction of the long‐term surface temperature history in Antarctica is important for a better understanding of human‐induced climate changes, especially since the Industrial Revolution. We present here a surface temperature history spanning the last century at Styx Glacier, located on the eastern coast of northern Victoria Land, which is reconstructed using borehole logging data. Our results indicate that surface temperatures in the 20th century were 1.7 ± 0.4 °C higher than the long term averages over 1600–1900 Common Era, indicating regional warming over the eastern coast of northern Victoria Land. However, we found no evidence for significant warming across the northern Victoria Land since the mid‐20th century. A global reanalysis as well as the reconstruction of proxy records demonstrate that the climate in this region was more affected by changes in the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode than in the Amundsen‐Bellingshausen Sea Low.
California Winter Precipitation Predictability: Insights From the Anomalous 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 Seasons
Authors: Singh Deepti , Ting Mingfang , Scaife Adam A. , Martin Nicola
Published: September 2018

The unexpected dry 2015–2016 El Niño winter and extremely wet 2016–2017 La Niña winter in California challenged current seasonal prediction systems. Using the Met Office GloSea5 forecast ensemble, we study the precipitation and circulation differences between these seasons and identify processes relevant to California precipitation predictions. The ensemble mean accurately predicts the midlatitude atmospheric circulation differences between these years, indicating that these differences were predictable responses to the strong oceanic forcing differences. The substantial California precipitation differences were poorly predicted with large uncertainty. Notable differences in high‐latitude circulation anomalies associated with internal variability distinguish the ensemble members that successfully simulate precipitation from those that do not. Specifically, accurate representation of the Arctic Oscillation phase differences improves the accuracy of simulated precipitation differences but these differences were not well predicted in the ensemble mean for these seasons. Improved representation of high‐latitude processes such as the Arctic Oscillation and polar‐midlatitude teleconnections could therefore improve California seasonal predictions.
Major Volatiles Evolved From Eolian Materials in Gale Crater
Authors: Stern Jennifer C. , Sutter Brad , Archer P. Douglas , Eigenbrode Jennifer L. , McAdam Amy C. , Franz Heather B. , Knudson Christine , Ming Douglas W. , Wong Gregory , Freissinet Caroline , Malespin Charles A. , Navarro‐Gonzalez Rafael , Szopa Cyril , Mahaffy Paul R.
Published: September 2018

The Sample Analysis at Mars on the Curiosity rover analyzed the major volatile content of four eolian samples at three locations in Gale crater. The Rocknest sample was taken from an inactive sand shadow with a significant component of dust‐sized grains, while Gobabeb and Ogunquit Beach samples were taken from different locations in the Bagnold Dune field and had dust‐free, fine sand sized grains. All eolian samples possessed more oxychlorine, carbon, and nitrate relative to sedimentary materials in Gale crater. Evolved CO2 above 450 °C was consistent with ~0.7 and ~0.4 wt. % carbonate in the Bagnold Dunes and Rocknest materials, respectively, with a regional source inside Gale crater. The fine‐grained phase of Rocknest was enriched in adsorbed water and perhaps in Fe sulfate and Fe nitrate/nitrite compared to coarser Bagnold materials and was estimated to contain up to ~0.1 wt. % of organic carbon.
Benefits of Seasonal Climate Prediction and Satellite Data for Forecasting U.S. Maize Yield
Authors: Peng Bin , Guan Kaiyu , Pan Ming , Li Yan
Published: September 2018

Seasonal agricultural production forecasting is essential for agricultural supply chain and economic prediction. However, to what extent seasonal climate prediction and remote sensing observations can improve crop yield forecasting at regional scale remains unknown. Using a statistical seasonal forecasting framework for U.S. county‐level maize yield, we demonstrated that (1) incorporating satellite‐based enhanced vegetation index (EVI) significantly improved the yield forecasting performance, compared with other climate‐only models using monthly air temperature (T), precipitation (P), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). (2) The bias‐corrected climate prediction from the Coupled Forecast System model version 2 (CFSv2) showed better yield forecasting performance than the historical climate ensemble. (3) Using the “T + P + VPD + EVI” model with climate prediction from bias‐corrected climate prediction from CFSv2 outperformed the yield forecast in the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates reports released by the United States Department of Agriculture, with root‐mean‐square error of 4.37 bushels per acre (2.79% of multiyear averaged yield) by early August.
A Recent Reversal in the Poleward Shift of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Sun Y. , Li T. , Zhong Z. , Yi L. , Chen X. , Ha Y. , Zhu J. , Shen Y. , Xu Z. , Hu Y.
Published: September 2018

Recent studies have revealed a global, poleward migration trend of tropical cyclones (TCs) in terms of annual‐averaged latitude of lifetime maximum intensity under the global warming. The TCs in the western North Pacific (WNP) make the largest contribution to this trend. One existing hypothesis is that there is a linkage between poleward migration of TCs and anthropogenic forcing. Here we introduce a new measurement, the lifetime‐averaged latitude weighted by TC destructive potential, to detect the meridional migration of the WNP TCs, which is more reliable and meaningful as it considers not only past data uncertainty but also public concerns. Our results show that the trend of WNP TC migration reversed during the recent warming slowing‐down period (after ~1999). Different from the existing hypothesis, it is the change of regional pattern of sea surface temperature that contributes greatly to the meridional migration of WNP TCs.
Revisiting Liquid Water Content Retrievals in Warm Stratified Clouds: The Modified Frisch
Authors: Küchler N. , Kneifel S. , Kollias P. , Löhnert U.
Published: September 2018

Accurate observations of liquid water content (LWC) in warm stratiform clouds are important for quantifying their radiative and hydrological effects and for studying aerosol‐cloud interactions. Retrieving LWC from radar reflectivity under drizzling or nondrizzling conditions has been investigated for several decades by the cloud remote sensing community. However, no physically plausible framework exists to address the biases introduced by drizzle on existing retrieval techniques. We present the modified Frisch retrieval (ModFrisch), which combines radar and microwave radiometer measurements to retrieve LWC in both nondrizzling and drizzling conditions. It is shown, using a 1‐D steady state microphysical model and a radar simulator, that the uncertainty of ModFrisch is up to four times smaller than the uncertainty of similar retrievals under drizzling conditions, enabling LWC profiling with an accuracy of 20%. The performance of the ModFrisch technique is evaluated using 1 year of observations.
Ionospheric Response Observed by EISCAT During the 6–8 September 2017 Space Weather Event: Overview
Authors: Yamauchi M. , Sergienko T. , Enell C.‐F. , Schillings A. , Slapak R. , Johnsen M. G. , Tjulin A. , Nilsson H.
Published: September 2018

We present ionospheric plasma conditions observed by the EISCAT radars in Tromsø and on Svalbard, covering 68°–81° geomagnetic latitude, during 6–8 September 2017. This is a period when X2.2 and X9.3 X‐ray flares occurred, two interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) arrived at the Earth accompanied by enhancements of MeV‐range energetic particle flux in both the solar wind (SEP event) and inner magnetosphere, and an AL < −2,000 substorm took place. (1) Both X flares caused enhancement of ionospheric electron density for about 10 min. The X9.3 flare also increased temperatures of both electrons and ions over 69°–75° geomagnetic latitude until the X‐ray flux decreased below the level of X‐class flares. However, the temperature was not enhanced after the previous X2.2 flare in the prenoon sector. (2) At around 75° geomagnetic latitude, the prenoon ion upflow flux slightly increased the day after the X9.3 flare, which is also after the first ICME and a SEP event, while no outstanding enhancement was found at the time of these X flares. (3) The upflow velocity sometimes decreased when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) turned southward. (4) Before the first ICME arrival after the SEP event under weak IMF with Bz ~0 nT, a substorm‐like expansion of the auroral arc signature took place without local geomagnetic signature near local midnight, while no notable change was observed after the ICME arrival. (5) AL reached <−2,000 nT only after the arrival of the second ICME with strongly southward IMF. Causality connections between the solar/solar wind event and the ionospheric responses remain unclear.
Lithosphere Destabilization by Melt Weakening and Crust‐Mantle Interactions: Implications for Generation of Granite‐Migmatite Belts
Authors: Kaislaniemi L. , van Hunen J. , Bouilhol Pierre
Published: September 2018

Orogenic crustal anatexis is a still poorly understood process due to the complexity of the thermal and geodynamical interaction between mantle and crustal processes during and after continental collision. Here we present a novel conceptual model for the formation of granite‐migmatite belts: we propose that convective thinning of the lithosphere results in minor amounts of partial melts within the lowermost crust that trigger further instabilities. This will lead to positive feedback effects between melt weakening, mantle upwelling, and wholesale mantle lithosphere removal, causing a strong pulse of mantle and crustal melting. We test this model numerically, and results show that this process, taking between 20 and 50 Myr in total, can explain the temporal evolution of melting in granite‐migmatite zones and associated mantle‐derived mafic rocks and provides a heat source for crustal melting without the need for other processes, such as slab break‐off or increased radiogenic heating. Furthermore, the generation of a refractory residue after mantle and crustal melting is also shown to control the progress of the lithospheric mantle removal, providing another feedback mechanism between melting and lithospheric reequilibration.
Surface Faulting of the 30 October 2016 Mw 6.5 Central Italy Earthquake: Detailed Analysis of a Complex Coseismic Rupture
Authors: Villani F. , Pucci S. , Civico R. , De Martini P. M. , Cinti F. R. , Pantosti D.
Published: September 2018

Key Points

We analyze the surface ruptures of the 30 October 2016 Mw 6.5 Norcia normal‐faulting earthquake in central Italy

The heterogeneity of surface slip, with peaks up to 2.10 m, is controlled by the coseismic rupture process at depth

The scaling properties and the complexity of surface slip reveal processes of fault segmentation and strain localization
A Comprehensive Framework to Evaluate Hydraulic and Water Quality Impacts of Pipe Breaks on Water Distribution Systems
Authors: Qi Zhexian , Zheng Feifei , Guo Danlu , Zhang Tuqiao , Shao Yu , Yu Tingchao , Zhang Kejia , Maier Holger R.
Published: September 2018

Pipe breaks have significant impacts on the hydraulic and water quality performance of water distribution systems (WDSs). Therefore, it is important to evaluate these impacts for developing effective strategies to ultimately minimize the consequences of these events. However, there has been surprisingly limited research focusing on impact evaluation for pipe breaks so far. To address this gap, this paper proposes a framework to comprehensively evaluate hydraulic and water quality impacts of pipe breaks on a WDS using six quantitative metrics. These metrics primarily focus on identifying (i) break outflow volume, (ii) water shortage, (iii) nodes with reduced service quality, (iv) pipes with affected pressures, (v) pipes with reversed flow directions, and (vi) pipes with significantly increased velocities, for each breaking event within a WDS. Statistical behaviors, spatial properties, and pipe rankings of metric results are analyzed to reveal the underlying characteristics of impacts induced by pipe breaks. We illustrate the proposed framework using three WDSs with different properties. Results show that impacts of pipe breaks not only vary with pipe diameters but are also significantly influenced by pipe locations, when the break occurs, and the specific metric considered. The proposed framework greatly enhances the fundamental understanding of the underlying properties of breaking impacts on the hydraulic and water quality of WDSs, as well as the ranking of pipes based on the consequences of breaks. Such understanding offers important guidance to develop effective pipe management, resource planning, and break restoration strategies to minimize the impacts of breaking events on WDSs.
Developing Intensity‐Duration‐Frequency (IDF) Curves From Satellite‐Based Precipitation: Methodology and Evaluation
Authors: Ombadi Mohammed , Nguyen Phu , Sorooshian Soroosh , Hsu Kuo‐lin
Published: September 2018

Given the continuous advancement in the retrieval of precipitation from satellites, it is important to develop methods that incorporate satellite‐based precipitation data sets in the design and planning of infrastructure. This is because in many regions around the world, in situ rainfall observations are sparse and have insufficient record length. A handful of studies examined the use of satellite‐based precipitation to develop intensity‐duration‐frequency (IDF) curves; however, they have mostly focused on small spatial domains and relied on combining satellite‐based with ground‐based precipitation data sets. In this study, we explore this issue by providing a methodological framework with the potential to be applied in ungauged regions. This framework is based on accounting for the characteristics of satellite‐based precipitation products, namely, adjustment of bias and transformation of areal to point rainfall. The latter method is based on previous studies on the reverse transformation (point to areal) commonly used to obtain catchment‐scale IDF curves. The paper proceeds by applying this framework to develop IDF curves over the contiguous United States (CONUS); the data set used is Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks – Climate Data Record (PERSIANN‐CDR). IDFs are then evaluated against National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlas 14 to provide a quantitative estimate of their accuracy. Results show that median errors are in the range of (17–22%), (6–12%), and (3–8%) for one‐day, two‐day and three‐day IDFs, respectively, and return periods in the range (2–100) years. Furthermore, a considerable percentage of satellite‐based IDFs lie within the confidence interval of NOAA Atlas 14.
Ecohydrological Processes Explain Urban Dry Island Effects in a Wet Region, Southern China
Authors: Hao Lu , Huang Xiaolin , Qin Mengsheng , Liu Yongqiang , Li Wenhong , Sun Ge
Published: September 2018

Conversion of agricultural lands to urban uses affects regional and global climate not only through the release of greenhouse gases but also through altering land surface physical processes such as energy and water balances. Most existing studies on the meteorological impacts of urbanization focus on urban heat island effects with little attention on its impacts of atmospheric humidity, a key variable in hydrometeorology and climate science. We define the influences of urbanization on reducing atmospheric humidity and elevating vapor pressure deficit as urban dry island (UDI) effects. We conduct a case study in the Yangtze River Delta, a typical humid area in southern China that is under rapid urbanization. We examine spatiotemporal characteristics of UDI and identify potential drivers during 2001–2014. Relationships and interactions between variations of air temperature, atmospheric humidity, evapotranspiration, and leaf area index of different land cover were determined using correlation and attribution analyses at both station and regional levels. We show that atmospheric humidity decreased dramatically and vapor pressure deficit increased sharply in the urban core, resulting in enhanced UDI. In addition to global warming and localized urban heat island, UDI is closely related to the loss of vegetation cover (i.e., natural wetlands and paddies). Reduction of evapotranspiration or latent heat is another important factor contributing to UDI effects. We conclude that the role of vegetated land cover and associated ecohydrological processes in moderating UDI and maintaining a stable climate and environment should be considered in massive urban planning and global change impact assessment in southern China.
Coordinated collective migration and asymmetric cell division in confluent human keratinocytes without wounding
Authors: Lång Emma , Połeć Anna , Lång Anna , Valk Marijke , Blicher Pernille , Rowe Alexander D. , Tønseth Kim A. , Jackson Catherine J. , Utheim Tor P. , Janssen Liesbeth M. C. , Eriksson Jens , Bøe Stig Ove
Published: September 2018

Epithelial sheet spreading is a fundamental cellular process that must be coordinated with cell division and differentiation to restore tissue integrity. Here we use consecutive serum deprivation and re-stimulation to reconstruct biphasic collective migration and proliferation in cultured sheets of human keratinocytes. In this system, a burst of long-range coordinated locomotion is rapidly generated throughout the cell sheet in the absence of wound edges. Migrating cohorts reach correlation lengths of several millimeters and display dependencies on epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated signaling, self-propelled polarized migration, and a G1/G0 cell cycle environment. The migration phase is temporally and spatially aligned with polarized cell divisions characterized by pre-mitotic nuclear migration to the cell front and asymmetric partitioning of nuclear promyelocytic leukemia bodies and lysosomes to opposite daughter cells. This study investigates underlying mechanisms contributing to the stark contrast between cells in a static quiescent state compared to the long-range coordinated collective migration seen in contact with blood serum.
Effect of thermally induced structural disorder on the chemical durability of International Simple Glass
Authors: Angeli Frederic , Charpentier Thibault , Jollivet Patrick , de Ligny Dominique , Bergler Michael , Veber Alexander , Gin Stéphane , Li Hong
Published: September 2018

While the influence of silicate oxide glass composition on its chemical durability is increasingly known, the contribution of structure only is less well understood, yet is crucial for an accurate description of aqueous alteration mechanisms. The effect of structural disorder can be investigated by varying the thermal history of the glass. Furthermore, the structural changes generated by self-irradiation in nuclear glasses can be compared with those induced by fast quenching. In the context of deep geological disposal of vitreous matrices, it is then challenging to address the structural impact on glass durability. Here, a borosilicate glass, the International Simple Glass, was fiberized to obtain a rapidly quenched sample. The quenching rate and fictive temperature were evaluated from in situ Raman and Brillouin spectroscopies. Multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance was used to obtain insight into the effect of quenching on the pristine and altered glass structure. Higher bond angle distribution and lower mixing of alkalis were observed in the fast quenched glass. Some of AlO4 groups are then Ca-compensated, while a part of BO4 is transformed into BO3 units. The structural modifications increase the hydrolysis of the silicate network occurring in the forward rate regime at 90 °C by a factor of 1.4–1.8 depending on the pH value. Residual rate regime is similarly affected, more significantly at the beginning of the experiments conducted in silica saturated solutions. These findings prove that the reactivity of glass remains controlled by its structure under the various alteration regimes.
Controlled state transfer in a Heisenberg spin chain by periodic drives
Authors: Shan H. J. , Dai C. M. , Shen H. Z. , Yi X. X.
Published: September 2018

The spin chain is a system that has been widely studied for its quantum phase transition. It also holds potential for practical application in quantum information, including quantum communication and quantum computation. In this paper, we propose a scheme for conditional state transfer in a Heisenberg XXZ spin chain. In our scheme, the absence or presence of a periodic driving potential results in either a perfect state transfer between the input and output ports, or a complete blockade at the input port. This scheme is formalized by deriving an analytical expression of the effective Hamiltonian for the spin chain subject to a periodic driving field in the high-frequency limit. The influence of the derivation of the optimal parameter on the performance of the state transfer is also examined, showing the robustness of the spin chain for state transfer. In addition, the collective decoherence effect on the fidelity of state transfer is discussed. The proposed scheme paves the way for the realization of integrated quantum logic elements, and may find application in quantum information processing.
Combined small RNA and gene expression analysis revealed roles of miRNAs in maize response to rice black-streaked dwarf virus infection
Authors: Li Aiqin , Li Guanghui , Zhao Yuhan , Meng Zhaodong , Zhao Meng , Li Changsheng , Zhang Ye , Li Pengcheng , Ma Chang-Le , Xia Han , Zhao Shuzhen , Hou Lei , Zhao Chuanzhi , Wang Xingjun
Published: September 2018

Maize rough dwarf disease, caused by rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), is a devastating disease in maize (Zea mays L.). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play critical roles in regulation of plant growth, development, and adaptation to abiotic and biotic stresses. To elucidate the roles of miRNAs in the regulation of maize in response to RBSDV, we employed high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the miRNAome and transcriptome following RBSDV infection. A total of 76 known miRNAs, 226 potential novel miRNAs and 351 target genes were identified. Our dataset showed that the expression patterns of 81 miRNAs changed dramatically in response to RBSDV infection. Transcriptome analysis showed that 453 genes were differentially expressed after RBSDV infection. GO, COG and KEGG analysis results demonstrated that genes involved with photosynthesis and metabolism were significantly enriched. In addition, twelve miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs were identified, and six of them were likely to play significant roles in maize response to RBSDV. This study provided valuable information for understanding the molecular mechanism of maize disease resistance, and could be useful in method development to protect maize against RBSDV.
Laser guided ionic wind
Authors: Du Shengzhe , Wang Tie-Jun , Zhu Zhongbin , Liu Yaoxiang , Chen Na , Zhang Jianhao , Guo Hao , Sun Haiyi , Ju Jingjing , Wang Cheng , Liu Jiansheng , Chin See Leang , Li Ruxin , Xu Zhizhan
Published: September 2018

We report on a method to experimentally generate ionic wind by coupling an external large electric field with an intense femtosecond laser induced air plasma channel. The measured ionic wind velocity could be as strong as >4 m/s. It could be optimized by increasing the strength of the applied electric field and the volume of the laser induced plasma channel. The experimental observation was qualitatively confirmed by a numerical simulation of spatial distribution of the electric field. The ionic wind can be generated outside a high-voltage geometry, even at remote distances.
Reward of labor coordination and hunting success in wild chimpanzees
Authors: Samuni Liran , Preis Anna , Deschner Tobias , Crockford Catherine , Wittig Roman M.
Published: September 2018

Cooperative hunting and meat sharing are hypothesized as fundamental to human life history adaptations and biological success. Wild chimpanzees also hunt in groups, and despite the potential of inferring ancestral hominid adaptations, it remains unclear whether chimpanzee hunting is a cooperative act. Here we show support for cooperative acquisition in wild chimpanzees since hunters are more likely to receive meat than bystanders, independent of begging effort. Engagement in prey searches and higher hunt participation independently increase hunting success, suggesting that coordination may improve motivation in joint tasks. We also find higher levels of urinary oxytocin after hunts and prey searches compared with controls. We conclude that chimpanzee hunting is cooperative, likely facilitated by behavioral and neuroendocrine mechanisms of coordination and reward. If group hunting has shaped humans’ life history traits, perhaps similar pressures acted upon life history patterns in the last common ancestor of human and chimpanzee.
High-performance organic field-effect transistors based on organic single crystal microribbons fabricated by an in situ annealing method
Authors: Zhang Ji , Li Zhaoguang , Zhang Weifeng , Wong Man Shing , Yu Gui
Published: September 2018

High-performance field-effect transistors based on organic single crystal microribbons were fabricated by in situ annealing of organic films.
Anisotropic contraction of fiber-reinforced hydrogels
Authors: Liu Shuangping , Stupp Samuel I. , Olvera de la Cruz Monica
Published: September 2018

The contraction anisotropy of a fiber-reinforced hydrogel can be improved by applying pre-stretch and optimizing the transverse fiber–fiber distance.
Polymer stabilization of cholesteric liquid crystals in the oblique helicoidal state
Authors: Rumi Mariacristina , Bunning Timothy J. , White Timothy J.
Published: September 2018

After polymer stabilization, the oblique helicoidal cholesteric state in mixtures containing CB7CB is stable without any applied electric field.
GanDouLing combined with Penicillamine improves cerebrovascular injury via PERK/eIF2α/CHOP endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in the mouse model of Wilson’s disease
Authors: Chen Yonghua , Zhang Bo , Cao Shijian , Huang Wei , Liu Ni , Yang Wenming
Published: September 2018

We aim to investigate the function and mechanism of GanDouLing combinated with Penicillamine on cerebrovascular injury in Wilson’s disease (WD). ELISA was performed to analyze the expression of vascular injury factors. Pathological changes of cerebral vessels were observed by HE stain. Immunohistochemistry assays were performed to analyze the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and GRP78. Western blotting was measured to analyze the expression of caspase-3, caspase-12, PERK, eIF2α, and CHOP. Apoptosis was detected with TUNEL assay. The expression of vascular injury factors and ICAM-1, VCAM-1 was significantly increased by WD and markedly decreased in GanDouLing-Penicillamine group. The expression of caspase-3, caspase-12, PERK, eIF2α, and CHOP were obviously expressed in Wilson group, GanDouLing-Penicillamine suppressed apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Our findings suggested that GanDouLing-Penicillamine improved cerebrovascular injury through PERK/eIF2α/CHOP ER stress pathway in the mouse model of WD.
Pilot decontamination techniques based on beam‐domain channel characteristics in millimetre‐wave sparse channels
Authors: Sheu Jeng‐Shin , Sheen Wern‐Ho , Wu Chao‐Kai , Chang Hong‐Rui
Published: September 2018

The upcoming 5G system is expected to utilise large‐scale antenna arrays to increase the users’ data rate and system capacity. With a large number of antennas, channel estimation becomes a very critical design issue due to the adverse effects of pilot contamination. Some problems in the existing channel estimation methods studied in the literature include: (i) the complexity of signal processing on the spatial domain is very high. (ii) Channels are quite frequency selective in the spatial domain. (iii) It is not easy to obtain the second‐order statistics of channels. In this study, the channel estimation issue is investigated using the signal processing in the beam domain. It is due to the salient channel sparsity at millimetre‐wave frequencies that only a few beam channels need to be estimated. The authors exploit these beam channels to propose some pilot decontamination techniques: basic pilot allocation, beam‐set non‐overlapping allocation, intra‐cell interference mitigation allocation and maximum beam power based allocation (MBPBA). Both large pilot reuse factor and beam‐domain power control are also presented to supplement the proposed techniques. Simulation results show that the best method is MBPBA in terms of overhead and normalised square error.
Measuring the electron temperatures of coronal mass ejections with future space-based multi-channel coronagraphs: a numerical test
Authors: Bemporad A. , Pagano P. , Giordano S.
Published: September 2018

Context. The determination from coronagraphic observations of physical parameters of the plasma embedded in coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is of crucial importance for our understanding of the origin and evolution of these phenomena.

Aims. The aim of this work is to perform the first ever numerical simulations of a CME as it will be observed by future two-channel (visible light VL and UV Ly-α) coronagraphs, such as the Metis instrument on-board ESA-Solar Orbiter mission, or any other future coronagraphs with the same spectral band-passes. These simulations are then used to test and optimize the plasma diagnostic techniques to be applied to future observations of CMEs.

Methods. The CME diagnostic techniques are tested here by analyzing synthetic coronagraphic observations. First, a numerical three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of a CME is performed, and the plasma parameters in the simulation are used to generate synthetic visible light (VL) and ultraviolet (UV) coronagraphic two-dimensional (2D) images of the eruption (i.e., integrated along the line-of-sight). Second, synthetic data are analyzed with different assumptions (as will be done with real data), to infer the kinematic properties of the CME (such as the extension along the line-of-sight of the emitting region, the expansion speed, and the CME propagation direction), as well as physical parameters of the CME plasma (the plasma electron density and temperature). A comparison between input parameters from the simulation and output parameters from the synthetic data analysis is then performed.

Results. The inversion of VL polarized data allows to successfully determine the CME speed and 3D propagation direction (with the polarization ratio technique), as well as to derive information on the extension along the line-of-sight of the emitting plasma, a crucial parameter needed to convert the plasma electron column densities into number densities. These parameters are used to analyze UV Ly-α images and to estimate the CME plasma temperature, also taking into account Doppler dimming effect. Output plasma temperatures are in general underestimated, both in the CME body and core regions. By neglecting the UV Ly-α radiative excitation of H atoms, reliable temperatures can be more easily derived in the CME core (within ∼60%). On the other hand, we show that a determination of temperatures (within ∼20−30%) in the CME body requires 2D maps of CME radial speeds and Doppler dimming coefficients to be derived.
DKG-Zertifizierung für Kinderonkologische Zentren
Authors: Mensah Jumana , Jürgens Heribert , Eggert Angelika , Wesselmann Simone
Published: September 2018

Mit dem neuen Zertifizierungsmodul wird die Entwicklung der interdisziplinären Vernetzung und eines zentralisierten Engagements für eine hohe Versorgungsqualität in der Kinderonkologie konsequent fortgeführt. Das neue Modul wurde gemeinsam durch die Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie (GPOH) und die Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft (DKG) 2016 initiiert. Der umfassende Anforderungskatalog, ausgehend von, aber nicht begrenzt auf die GBA-Richtlinie, konnte bisher von 7 Pilotzentren erfolgreich umgesetzt und dessen Praxistauglichkeit bestätigt werden. Interessierte Zentren können sich ab sofort für eine Zertifizierung als Kinderonkologisches Zentrum anmelden.
Chronische Pankreatitis – ein Update aus Sicht des Chirurgen
Authors: Belyaev Orlin , Uhl Waldemar
Published: September 2018

Die enorme sozioökonomische Auswirkung der chronischen Pankreatitis lässt sich durch stetig steigende Inzidenz und Prävalenz, häufige Hospitalisierungen, Entwicklung von Opiatabhängigkeit und vorzeitige Verrentung von jungen Menschen eindeutig demonstrieren. Ziele der Therapie sind die frühestmögliche Schmerzbefreiung mit Verbesserung der Lebensqualität, Beseitigung von Komplikationen und Karzinomvorbeugung unter maximalem Funktionserhalt. Da die konservative Behandlung alleine langfristig weitestgehend ineffektiv ist, spielt die chirurgische Therapie eine zentrale Rolle und sollte möglichst frühzeitig eingesetzt werden. Das Spektrum der operativen Verfahren ist sehr breit und umfasst reine Drainageeingriffe, klassische resektive Verfahren und parenchymschonende Hybridtechniken. Die Wahl des optimalen therapeutischen Managements sollte die konkreten pathomorphologischen Besonderheiten bei jedem individuellen Patienten berücksichtigen und wenn möglich an spezialisierten Pankreaszentren erfolgen. Diese Übersichtsarbeit präsentiert den aktuellen evidenzbasierten Wissensstand über die chronische Pankreatitis aus chirurgischer Sicht. Eine praxisorientierte Zusammenfassung der therapeutischen Strategien wird entsprechend der gültigen Leitlinien unter Berücksichtigung der neuesten Erkenntnisse aus der Literatur dargestellt.
Tee – weit mehr als ein Getränk?
Authors: Nieber Karen
Published: September 2018

Tee trinken gehört seit Jahrtausenden zur menschlichen Geschichte. Tee war schon im alten China als Heilmittel bekannt und wurde im Lauf der Zeit zum alltäglichen Getränk. Tee ist ein Supercocktail mit vielfältigen Wirkungen. Obwohl die Inhaltsstoffe des Tees, besonders das Koffein und die Polyphenole, in vitro antioxidative, entzündungshemmende, antimikrobielle, antikarzinogene, blutdrucksenkende, neuroprotektive, cholesterinsenkende und thermogene Eigenschaften besitzen, sind die Ergebnisse am Menschen bisher sehr heterogen und nur in durch wenige Studien mit geringen Patientenzahlen belegt. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über klinische Studien zur Wirkung von schwarzem und grünem Tee bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Krebs, Hauterkrankungen sowie Wirkungen auf das Körperfett.
The Role of Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Appendiceal Tumors and Colorectal Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Kuncewitch Michael , Levine Edward , Shen Perry , Votanopoulos Konstantinos
Published: September 2018

Peritoneal surface disease (PSD) has historically been used interchangeably with the term peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) and has a dismal natural history. A variety of malignant pathologies, including colorectal and appendiceal primary tumors, can disseminate throughout the peritoneal cavity, leading to bowel obstruction and death. In general, peritoneal spread from high-grade appendiceal and colorectal primaries has the potential of hepatic and distant spread and best classified as PC. Low-grade appendiceal tumors are better categorized as PSD, due to low cellularity, high mucin production, and lack of potential spread outside the peritoneal cavity. Growing international experience with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) over the past 30 years has presented a therapeutic option to patients with PSD from colorectal and appendiceal tumors that can provide significant disease control, as well as potential for previously unattainable long-term survival. The proliferation of HIPEC centers and ongoing prospective trials are helping to standardize HIPEC techniques and patient selection.
Thioester Chromogenic Substrates for Human Factor VIIa: Substituted Isocoumarins Are Inhibitors of Factor VIIa and In Vitro Anticoagulants
Authors: Kam Chih-Min , Vlasuk George P , Smith Donna E , Arcuri Karen E , Powers James C
Published: September 2018

Arginine thiobenzyl esters are convenient chromogenic substrates of factor Vila (Z-Arg-SBzl, kcat/KM = 1,600 M−1 s−1) and were used to study the kinetics of inhibition of factor Vila by several mechanism-based isocoumarin inhibitors of trypsin-like enzymes. Isocoumarin derivatives substituted with a 7-guanidino or 3-isothiureidopropoxy group were good inhibitors of factor Vila and acted as anticoagulants in human and rabbit plasma. With normal citrated human plasma, 4-chloro-3-ethoxy-7-guanidinoisocoumarin (3) and 7-amino-4-chloro-3-(3-isothiurei-dopropoxy) isocoumarin (ACITIC, 6) prolonged the prothrombin time (PT) ca. two-fold and prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) more than 4.5-fold at 20-30 pM. Both compounds had smaller effects in rabbit plasma. The short half-life of ACITIC and related isocoumarins in plasma should make these compounds uniquely useful as anticoagulants in therapeutic situations where it is desirable to have anticoagulant effects for a short defined time period.
In Vitro Thromboxane Synthesis of Depleted Blood Platelets Following Renal Transplantation
Authors: Scharf Rüdiger E
Published: September 2018

Renal transplant rejection is associated with platelet activation in vivo which may lead to partially α- and γ-granule-depleted platelets that continue to circulate. These “exhausted” platelets are hemostatically defective. Tb quantitate the extent of platelet granule depletion following kidney transplantation, we determined intraplatelet levels of β-thromboglobulin (βTG), platelet factor 4 (PF4), and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) ex vivo in Tiiton X-1O0-treated platelet lysates. To explore biochemical alterations of partially depleted platelets, we studied platelet thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthesis in citrated plateletrich plasma (PRP) upon stimulation with thrombin or collagen in 45 recipients of renal allografts and 10 healthy volunteers. The patients were divided into subjects with acute and chronic allograft rejection (N = 15), those with compensated renal failure after kidney transplantation but without evidence of allograft rejection (N = 15), and those with functioning renal transplant (N = 15). The mean intraplatelet content of βTG (38.6 ± 4.2 μE/109 platelets), PF4 (11.8 ± 1.8 μg/109 platelets), and 5-HT (274 ± 31 μg/109 platelets) in patients with acute or chronic renal allograft rejection was significantly lower than in other recipients off < idney transplants or healthy volunteers (βTG: 59.9±4.7 μgl 109 platelets; PF4: 20.4±2.3 ¼g/n platelets; s-rrr: 46lraB ngl 10e platelets; p < 0.ffi5 in all casls). Platelet TxB2 formation upon stimulation with thrombin (10 U/ml) or collagen (6.25 ¼g/ml) for 5 min was significantly reduced in patients with acute or chronic renal allograft rejection (2.25±0.29 and 0.641 0.08 nmoUl0e platelets for thrombin- and collagen-stimulated platelets, respectively) compared to that of healthy volunteers (4.72± 0.60 and 1.35 ± 0.12 nmol/109 platelets, respectively; p <0.05 in all cases). In contrast, platelet TXB2 formation of patients with functioning kidney transplant or those with compensated renal failure but without evidence of transplant rejection did not differ significantly from that of normals. These results confirm that platelets with reduced levels of α- and β-granular constituents are detectable in the circulation following kidney transplantation when acute or chronic renal allograft rejections occur. These platelets are incapable of forming normal amounts of thromboxane upon stimulation with thrombin and collagen in vitro. This dysfunction of thromboxane synthesis, due to alterations in the platelet arachidonate pathway, may reflect the previous activation of platelets in vivo associated with acute or chronic renal allograft rejection.
Identification of a Homozygous Single Base Pair Deletion in the Gene Coding for the Human Platelet Glycoprotein Ibα Causing Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
Authors: Simsek S , Admiraal L G , Modderman P W , van der Schoot C E , von dem Borne A E G Kr
Published: September 2018

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (BSS) is a hereditary bleeding disorder which is caused by the absence or the dysfunction of the platelet glycoprotein Ib/IX/V (GP Ib/IX/V) complex, the major receptor for von Willebrand factor (vWf). BSS is characterized by the presence of giant platelets that show a reduced binding of vWf. Although BSS is a well-characterized disease, and many cases have been described in the literature, the molecular genetic basis of this disorder has been studied in only a few patients.

We have studied the genetic basis of the defect in a BSS patient. Flow cytometric analysis of the platelet membrane glycoproteins revealed a significant decrease or absence of GP Ibα on the platelet surface, and low levels of GP V and GP IX. In subsequent immunopre-cipitation experiments, we confirmed the presence of GP V (although in significantly decreased amounts) on the platelet surface. These results indicated a defect in the GP Ibα chain

Genomic DNA coding for GP Ibα was amplified, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Subsequent direct sequence analysis demonstrated a homozygous deletion of T317 resulting in a frameshift deletion and predicting a substitution of Arg for Leu76. This deletion causes a shift in the reading frame, predicting a premature stop codon after 19 altered amino-acids, leading to a severily truncated molecule. The molecular genetic defect found in this patient differed from the mutations observed in three other BSS patients described in the literature. This points to a marked hetereogeneity of this disease.

The single basepair deletion created a target site for the restriction enzyme Hhal. This allowed us to perform PCR-ASRA (Allele-Specific Restriction enzyme Analysis) on all available family members. Both parents and the daughter of the patient appeared to be heterozygous for the deletion, while the homozygosity of the propositus for the mutant allele was confirmed.