bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of the Isolated Perfused Heart for Evaluation of Cardiac Toxicity
Authors: Anderson Peter G. , Digerness Stanley B. , Sklar Jerald L. , Boor Paul J.
Published: September 2019

The isolated perfused rat heart model can be used to evaluate cardiotoxicity, and is especially useful in distinguishing direct vs indirect cardiac injury. Various perfusion systems can be used to characterize the pathophysiologic as well as morphologic changes induced by drugs or chemicals of interest. The isolated perfused heart was used in the studies described herein to characterize the mechanism of allylamine cardiotoxicity. Rat hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 10 mm allylamine and a latex balloon was inserted into the left ventricle to monitor pressure. Coronary flow in hearts perfused with 10 mm allylamine was similar to control hearts at 5, 10, and 30 min, but was reduced by 1 hr (11.5 ± 0.6 ml/min/g wet heart weight vs 16.0 ± 0.7, p < 0.01). Peak left ventricular systolic pressure increased in hearts perfused with allylamine for 5 min (156 ± 8 mm Hg vs 103 ± 9, p < 0.01), but by 2 hr was decreased compared to controls (89 ± 6 vs 105 ± 5, p < 0.05). End diastolic pressure was markedly increased at 2 hr (58 ± 3 vs 4 ± 0.8, p < 0.01). Morphologically, allylamine perfused hearts exhibited significant contraction band changes as well as numerous cells with marked swelling of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The findings in this study suggest that allylamine produces direct myocardial damage that appears to be independent of coronary flow. These studies demonstrate that the isolated perfused rat heart model can be used to evaluate mechanisms of acute cardiotoxicity.
Investigating Grassroots Sports’ Engagement for Refugees: Evidence From Voluntary Sports Clubs in Germany
Authors: Nowy Tobias , Feiler Svenja , Breuer Christoph
Published: September 2019

Unprecedented numbers of refugees have affected European society at large, and the organized sports system, in particular. Combining the concepts of organizational capacity and institutional logics, this article examines the engagement of voluntary sports clubs (VSCs) in the process of refugee integration. Drawing on data from a representative sample of n = 5,170 German VSCs through an online survey, the results indicate that 28% of the VSCs reported engagement in the process of integrating refugees by the end of 2015; however, only 14% initiated concrete measures. The statistical analysis highlights the relevance of institutional logics. VSCs are encouraged to carefully handle the tension between business-like management and intensive voluntary work during the integrative process. Financial capacity appears less relevant; the presence of migrant club members and a more professional organizational design, however, appear beneficial. The results imply that involved stakeholders should intensify capacity building programs in the structural dimension of organizational capacity.
Animal Welfare and Human Health: Rising Conflicts over Stray Dogs in Chandigarh
Authors: Gupta Namita , Gupta Rajiv Kumar
Published: September 2019

India’s large stray dog population, estimated to be about 25 million, poses substantial risks to human health, motivating some civic bodies to employ cruel methods to control dog populations. This article argues that while human health is certainly a priority, it is also important to consider animal welfare and to handle dog population control measures without causing unnecessary animal suffering. Triangulating the issues of rabies control, dog population management and state intervention, the article identifies recent practical difficulties in local management of dog population control laws and policies in India’s model city of Chandigarh. Based on a survey of local opinions, this shows how rising human–animal conflicts require new ways of handling existing challenges.
Latin American triple-A journals 2: The Venezuelan case
Authors: Machin-Mastromatteo Juan D
Published: September 2019

This article advances a research agenda from analyzing the state of the Venezuelan scientific production, to promote its recovery and boosting it. Bibliometric indicators extracted from Scopus, Sci-Val, Scimago and Web of science are used to diagnose Venezuela’s ranking and its variations during the past years. We include suggestions to develop a completer and more effective diagnostic, and strategies that may aid in reverting the situation.
Effects of ketamine in patients with treatment-refractory generalized anxiety and social anxiety disorders: Exploratory double-blind psychoactive-controlled replication study
Authors: Glue Paul , Neehoff Shona , Sabadel Amandine , Broughton Lucy , Le Nedelec Martin , Shadli Shabah , McNaughton Neil , Medlicott Natalie J
Published: September 2019

Background:

We previously reported that ketamine has anxiolytic effects in patients with treatment-resistant generalized anxiety and social anxiety disorders.

Aims:

The purpose of this study was to replicate our earlier report about ketamine‘s anxiolytic activity, using a more robust study design.

Methods:

This was a double-blind, psychoactive-controlled ascending dose study in 12 patients with treatment-resistant generalized anxiety and social anxiety disorders who were not currently depressed. Ascending doses of ketamine (0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/kg) were administered at weekly intervals, and midazolam 0.01 mg/kg, the control, was randomly inserted into the ketamine dose sequence. Assessments included ratings of anxiety and dissociation, safety and tolerability, and blood samples for ketamine pharmacokinetics and BDNF concentrations.

Results:

Improvements in anxiety ratings occurred within an hour of ketamine dosing, and persisted for up to 1 week. A dose-response profile was noted for anxiolytic effects, dissociative side effects, and changes in blood pressure and heart rate after ketamine dosing. Midazolam had minor brief effects on anxiety ratings. Ketamine was safe and well tolerated. Ketamine pharmacokinetics were correlated with dissociation ratings. Serum BDNF concentrations declined over time and were similar for all treatments.

Conclusions:

Ketamine may be a potential therapeutic option for patients with treatment-resistant generalized anxiety and social anxiety disorders.
Molecular mechanisms of estrogen receptor β-induced apoptosis and autophagy in tumors: implication for treating osteosarcoma
Authors: Yang Zheng-ming , Yang Min-fei , Yu Wei , Tao Hui-min
Published: September 2019

The estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) are located in the nucleus and bind to estrogen to initiate transcription of estrogen-responsive genes. In a variety of tumor cells, ERβ has been shown to be a tumor suppressor. In particular, ERβ has anti-proliferative effects in osteosarcoma cells. Additionally, ERβ has been proven to regulate the apoptosis-related molecules IAP, BAX, caspase-3, and PARP, and to act on the NF-κB/BCL-2 pathway to induce apoptosis in tumors. Moreover, ERβ can regulate the expression of the autophagy associated markers LC3-I/LC-3II and p62 and induce autophagy in tumors by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and activating the AMPK pathway. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which ERβ induces apoptosis and autophagy in a variety of tumors to further delineate more specific molecular mechanisms underlying osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and pathogenesis. Considering the broad involvement of ERβ in apoptosis, autophagy, and their interaction, it is plausible that the critical role of ERβ in inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells is closely related to its regulation of apoptosis and autophagy.
Effects of aminocaproic acid on perioperative hidden blood loss in elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture treated with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation
Authors: Zhang Rui , Yang Zhuqing , Lei Tao , Ping Zichuan , Bai Guangchao
Published: September 2019

Objective

To determine the efficacy of aminocaproic acid on perioperative hidden blood loss (HBL) in elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture treated with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA).

Methods

Seventy consecutively admitted elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture treated with PFNA between 1 May 2017 and 1 May 2018 were recruited. The patients were randomised into the experimental and control groups receiving 1 g aminocaproic acid in 200 mL saline and only 200 mL normal saline intravenously, respectively. The following factors were recorded: demographic characteristics, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels on preoperative day 1 and postoperative days 1 and 3, surgical blood loss, postoperative drainage, the rate and volume of transfusion, and complications.

Results

No significant differences were seen in surgical blood loss and postoperative drainage between the experimental and control groups, though total blood loss was greater in the control group. Visible blood loss and HBL were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group, and a lower rate and volume of transfusion were also recorded in the experimental group.

Conclusion

Aminocaproic acid significantly reduced perioperative HBL and volume and rate of transfusion in elderly patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture receiving PFNA.
Implementation of the FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program by High School Athletic Teams Did Not Reduce Lower Extremity Injuries: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Slauterbeck James R. , Choquette Rebecca , Tourville Timothy W. , Krug Mickey , Mandelbaum Bert R. , Vacek Pamela , Beynnon Bruce D.
Published: September 2019

Background:

Lower extremity injuries are common in high school sports and are costly, and some have poor outcomes. The FIFA 11+ injury prevention program has been shown to decrease injuries in elite athletes by up to 72%.

Hypothesis:

High schools in which coaches implement the FIFA 11+ injury prevention program in their athletic programs will have a decreased incidence of lower extremity injuries compared with schools using their usual prepractice warm-up.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

Fourteen high schools that employed an athletic trainer were randomly assigned to either the FIFA 11+ group or control group (usual warm-up routine). Exposure to sports and injuries were recorded and used to determine the incidence rates of lower extremity injuries per athlete-exposure (AE). The FIFA 11+ program was implemented by coaches and complicance with the program recorded.

Results:

There were 196 lower extremity injuries among 1825 athletes in the FIFA 11+ group and 172 injuries among 1786 athletes in the control group (1.59 and 1.47 injuries per 1000 AEs, respectively; P = .771). The distribution of the types of injury in the 2 groups did not differ, but the body locations where the injuries occurred differed somewhat ( P = .051). The FIFA 11+ group had larger proportions of thigh and foot injuries, while the control group had higher proportions of knee and ankle injuries. Group differences in injury rates varied with sport ( P = .041 for interaction), but there were no significant differences in injury rates between the FIFA 11+ and control groups by sport, level of play, and sex. In the FIFA 11+ group, 62% of the coaches reported that their teams completed the full FIFA 11+ program at least once a week, and 32% reported that they completed it at least twice a week.

Conclusion:

This study did not demonstrate a reduction in lower extremity injuries in schools randomized to use the FIFA 11+ program compared with schools using their usual prepractice warm-up program. Coach-reported compliance with performing the FIFA 11+ program at least twice a week was low.
Assessing Transit-Oriented Development Implementation in Canadian Cities: An Urban Project Approach
Authors: Paulhiac Scherrer Florence
Published: September 2019

This article presents a new theoretical approach for assessing the implementation process of transit-oriented development (TOD). Through a conceptual framework, based on the notion of the urban project as an instrument of public policy, it highlights two distinct processes at work in the implementation of every TOD project: territorialization and differentiation. The first suggests that there are necessarily discrepancies between metropolitan planning strategies and the very local nature of the TOD projects. The second suggests that implementing a TOD project is an incremental process rooted in local policy conditions that must be factored in at every phase of the implementation process.
Communication that Develops Teams: Healthy Ministry Team Dynamics as a Function of Consistent Leader Communication of Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Momeny Leonard , Gourgues Michael
Published: September 2019

Excellent communication by emotionally intelligent leaders is key to ministry team health. Such communication has been noted to be the medium utilized to both motivate and develop either a subordinate or team. A leader can communicate successfully to their team and keep pace with their team’s development when utilizing the Communication Process Theory, or CPT. CPT is ideal as it first leads the individual, growing them naturally into the team and pacing relationship dynamics appropriately.
Sodium triphosphate–capped silver nanoparticles on a decellularized scaffold-based polyurethane vascular patch for bacterial infection inhibition and rapid endothelialization
Authors: Li Yajuan , Liu Cheng , Mo Hong , Zhang Jun , Jiang Xuefeng , Zhang Luxia , Yang Lutao , Fu Lei , He Lei , Zhao Yue , Shen Jian , Qiao Tong
Published: September 2019

With increasing incidence rate of cardiovascular diseases and implant-related infections, there is growing demand for vascular patches that can promote endothelialization and resist bacterial infection. In this work, we immobilized sodium triphosphate–capped silver nanoparticles onto a polyurethane film to obtain a composite film and evaluated its in vitro biocompatibility. Subsequently, we anchored sodium triphosphate–capped silver nanoparticles onto a polyurethane-coated decellularized scaffold to prepare a vascular patch and investigated its in vivo performance in a mouse model. The prepared vascular patch demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It still maintained the surgical artery patency at 30 days after implantation. At the same time, the endothelialization at the surgical site was achieved, showing its ability to facilitate endothelialization. Therefore, it may be a promising candidate for combating bacterial infection and treating diseased blood vessels.
Preparation and performance evaluation of electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) composite scaffolds as a potential hard tissue engineering application
Authors: Zarei Moein , Tanideh Nader , Zare Shahrokh , Sari Aslani Fatemeh , Koohi-Hosseinabadi Omid , Muthuraj Rajendran , Jamhiri Iman , Rowshanghias Aida , Mehryar Pouyan
Published: September 2019

In the present study, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-based composite scaffolds were prepared with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for hard tissue engineering applications by electrospinning. All the prepared scaffolds showed connective porous structure, which were suitable for cell proliferation and migration. The mechanical properties of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) scaffold were improved by 0.5% of carbon nanotube addition, whereas the addition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles up to 10% had an insignificant effect in tensile strength. However, scanning electron microscopy and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay results suggested that the mesenchymal stem cells attachment and their metabolic activities on the surface of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) scaffolds with hydroxyapatite were enhanced compared to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) scaffolds. In addition, after 6 weeks of in vivo biocompatibility results in a model of rat indicated better tissue reactions for the scaffolds that contained hydroxyapatite. Overall, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) composite scaffolds with 10% hydroxyapatite and 0.5% carbon nanotube showed optimal performances for the potential scaffold for hard tissue engineering application.
Characterization of polyherbal-incorporated polycaprolactone nanofibrous mat for biomedical applications
Authors: Ramamoorthy Rajalakshmi , Andiappan Muthumanickkam , Muthalagu Murugesan
Published: September 2019

The polyherbal-loaded polycaprolactone nanofibrous mat was prepared by electrospinning technique, and physical and chemical characteristics of nanofibrous mats were studied using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyzer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The presence of various phytochemicals in the crude monoherbal and polyherbal extracts was analyzed. The antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of the polyherbal-loaded nanofibrous mats were studied. The drug release pattern of the polyherbal-loaded nanofibrous mats was studied at different time intervals. The 5% drug-loaded nanofibrous mat shows higher sustainable drug release rate than 1% and 3% drug-loaded nanofibrous mats. The cell viability was found to be 98.91%, 98.77%, 98.5%, and 98.22% for polycaprolactone and 1%, 3%, and 5% for polyherbal-loaded nanofibrous mats, respectively.
The effect of coated nano-hydroxyapatite concentration on scaffolds for osteogenesis
Authors: Jang Hyun Jun , Lee Eun Cheol , Kwon Gu Joong , Seo Young Kwon
Published: September 2019

In this study, we fabricated a silk scaffold containing nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) for bone tissue engineering applications. The sericin-extracted silk scaffolds were coated with 0.30, 0.15, and 0.03 g of nano-HAp. The scaffolds were soaked in a 1% type I atelocollagen solution and lyophilized. Scaffolds were crosslinked with 0.02% carbodiimide and lyophilized for 48 h, followed by sterilization with γ-irradiation at 10 kGy. The scaffold properties were investigated by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscope. A typical spectrum of the inorganic crust and the electron diffraction patterns revealed peaks for calcium, phosphorus, and oxygen atoms. Root mean square values of the control and experimental group surfaces were 5.60 and 40.32 nm. The width of nano-HAp was in the approximate range 100–150 nm, and the height was approximately 350 nm. Dental pulp cells were seeded at a density of 2.8 × 104 cells/cm2 and cultured for 3 weeks in a growth medium. The cells were then cultured for 4 weeks in differentiation medium and were transplanted into a nude mouse. The biopsy was processed at 8 weeks. The use of 0.15 g of nano-HAp led to the greatest collagen type III, fibronectin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin, osteoprotegerin, and BMP-2 mRNA levels in vitro after 4 weeks in differentiation medium. Western blotting analysis to elucidate signaling pathways was performed. β-Catenin, phosphorylated-ERK, p38 phosphorylation most increased when 0.15 g of nano-HAp was used compared with the control group. In the histological comparison, osteocalcin and osteopontin synthesis were higher for the silk scaffold that contained 0.15 g of nano-HAp. Among the scaffolds, samples containing 0.15 g of nano-HAp were the most effective for osteogenesis. Therefore, this will be a suitable substrate as a biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications.
Exploring Multiple Forms of Intimate Partner Violence in a Gender and Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sample of Transgender Adults
Authors: King Wesley M. , Restar Arjee , Operario Don
Published: September 2019

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is highly prevalent in transgender (trans) populations in the United States; however, details about its manifestations and correlates have not been well captured. Using data from the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey, we analyzed weighted data from 23,999 adult transgender participants to estimate the prevalence and explore correlates of five IPV subtypes: psychological IPV, physical IPV, trans-related IPV, stalking, and forced sex committed by an intimate partner. Regression models examined race/ethnicity, gender identity, past-year incarceration, past-year sex work, and lifetime homelessness, and adjusted for annual household income, highest level of education, age, birthplace, Census region, and relationship status. The sample was racially/ethnically diverse (62.6% White, 0.7% Alaskan Native/American Indian, 4.7% Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 12.7% Black/African American, 16.5% Latinx/Hispanic, 0.4% Middle Eastern/North African, 2.5% Multiracial/Not Listed), and comprised of 31.2% transgender men, 34.2% transgender women, 27.5% assigned-female-at-birth nonbinary participants, and 7.1% assigned-male-at-birth nonbinary participants. Rates of IPV were high, with variability by IPV subtype: 42.0% endorsed psychological IPV, 39.9% endorsed physical IPV, 30.4% endorsed trans-related IPV, 18.0% endorsed stalking, and 21.5% endorsed forced sex by an intimate partner. We observed disparities in IPV subtypes by race/ethnicity, gender identity, and experiences of social marginalization. Results highlight the need for targeted, trans-inclusive IPV screening practices and interventions. Future studies should examine the syndemic effects of IPV, social marginalization, and health outcomes related to HIV, substance use, and mental health in trans populations.
Special Section: Conceptualizations of the Holocaust in Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine: Historical Research, Public Debates, and Methodological Disputes. Foreword
Authors: Polonsky Antony
Published: September 2019

This article is part of the special cluster titled Conceptualizations of the Holocaust in Germany, Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine since the 1990s, guest edited by Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe.

This special section examines how debates on local participation in the mass murder of the Jews during the Second World War have evolved in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine. The comparative approach adopted in this collection has highlighted the common problems in these four countries in coming to terms with the “dark past”—those aspects of the national past that provoke shame, guilt, and regret. Like the contributors to this collection I believe it is debate among historians that offers the best chance to move forward and that the intervention of politicians has had a clearly deleterious effect. This debate needs to be conducted in an open and collegial manner although we may differ strongly in our conclusions. We should always remember that the past cannot be altered. We can only accept the tragic and shocking events that have occurred and try to learn from them. This is a process that could begin in northeastern Europe only after the collapse of the communist system—a coming to terms with the many neglected and taboo aspects of the past in all four countries. The first stage of approaching such issues has usually been from a moral point of view—a settlement of long-overdue accounts, often accompanied by apologies for past behaviour. It seemed that we were reaching a second stage, where apologetics would increasingly be replaced by careful and detailed research based on archives and reliable first-hand testimony.
Effects of Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Patients With Alzheimer Disease and Caregivers’ Depression on Caregiver Burden
Authors: Ilik Faik , Büyükgöl Hüseyin , Kayhan Fatih , Ertem Devrimsel Harika , Ekiz Timur
Published: September 2019

Objective:

We investigated the effects of inappropriate sexual behaviors (ISBs) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), and of caregivers’ depression, on the caregiver burden.

Method:

One hundred forty three patients with AD and their caregivers were included in the study. Sixty-five patients without AD who needed care due to their disability and their caregivers were enrolled for the comparison. Depression in caregivers was diagnosed using The Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (SCID-I). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale were used to evaluate the severity of AD. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was used to assess the NPSs of patients. Caregiver burden was evaluated using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI).

Results:

Inappropriate sexual behaviors were found in 13 (9.1%) of the AD group. Inappropriate sexual behaviors were more common in moderate or severe AD ( P = .009, χ2 = 9.396). The prevalence of depression (n = 38, 26.6%) was higher in caregivers of AD group with ISBs ( P = .000, χ2 = 24.69). The ZBI scores of caregivers of patients with AD were higher than the comparison group. In addition, the ZBI scores of caregivers of patients with AD were significantly higher in the AD group with ISB, a high total score of NPI, and a low score of MMSE. The caregivers of AD group with depression had higher ZBI scores ( P < .05).

Conclusions:

The severity of AD, the presence of NPSs in patients, and major depression in caregivers were risk factors for an increased caregiver burden.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Liposomal Bupivacaine in Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Zamora Francis J. , Madduri Rani P. , Philips Ashmi A. , Miller Nancy , Varghese Mini
Published: September 2019

Background:

Appropriate pain control is one of the cornerstones necessary to promote positive clinical outcomes. A new bupivacaine liposomal formulation was designed to extend its analgesic effect for up to 72-hours post-surgery, reportedly leading to significant opioid-sparing.

Method:

Retrospective and prospective chart review conducted in a 178-bed academic institution between January 2013 to December 2013 and August 2014 to November 2014, in 115 patients that receive hip and knee arthroplasty. The primary outcome was the measurement of average daily pain score on post-operative days 1 and 2. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, overall opioid use post-surgery and pain control satisfaction using Press-Ganey® scores.

Results:

The average pain scores in the HCl group were 4.64 and 4.38 (Likert score: 0-10) for POD 1 and POD 2, compared to 4.72 POD 1 and 4.2 POD 2 in the liposome group (POD 1: p = 0.413; POD 2: p = 0.303). The difference in LOS for knee arthroplasty was statistically significant [HCl group: 1.94 days (± 0.66) versus liposome group: 2.27 days (±0.77) p-value = 0.038)] favoring the standard of care. For hip arthroplasty or bilateral knee arthroplasty the differences in LOS were not statistically significant ( p = 0.052 and p = 0.484 respectively). 93% of the patients in the HCl group, pain was well controlled, versus 88.5% in the liposome group with similar oxycodone IR use among groups.

Conclusion:

Liposome bupivacaine did not offer a notable benefit compared to the HCl formulation in our study.
Role of energy consumption, cutting tool and workpiece materials towards environmentally conscious machining: A comprehensive review
Authors: Pervaiz Salman , Kannan Sathish , Deiab Ibrahim , Kishawy Hossam
Published: September 2019

Metal-cutting process deals with the removal of material using the shearing operation with the help of hard cutting tools. Machining operations are famous in the manufacturing sector due to their capability to manufacture tight tolerances and high dimensional accuracy while simultaneously maintaining the cost-effectiveness for higher production levels. As metal-cutting processes consume a great amount of input resources and generate some material-based waste streams, these processes are highly criticized due to their high and negative environmental impacts. Researchers in the metal-cutting sector are currently exploring and benchmarking different activities and best practices to make the cutting operation environment friendly in nature. These eco-friendly practices mainly cover the wide range of activities directly or indirectly associated with the metal-cutting operation. Most of the literature for sustainable metal-cutting activities revolves around the sustainable lubrication techniques to minimize the negative influence of cutting fluids on the environment. However, there is a need to enlarge the assessment domain for the metal-cutting process and other directly and indirectly associated practices such as enhancing sustainability through innovative methods for workpiece and cutting tool materials, and approaches to optimize energy consumption should also be explored. The aim of this article is to explore the role of energy consumption and the influence of workpiece and tool materials towards the sustainability of machining process. The article concludes that sustainability of the machining process can be improved by incorporating different innovative approaches related to the energy and tool–workpiece material consumptions.
Design, modeling, and verification of a test bench for braking simulation of 1/4 vehicle
Authors: Liao Zeng-Cheng , Bai Xian-Xu ‘Frank’ , Li Yang , Deng Xue-Cai , Sun Jun
Published: September 2019

Brake-by-wire systems are one of the key components in intelligent/unmanned vehicles that have attracted worldwide attention. Testing and evaluation of brake-by-wire systems are a significant step during the development of the technology of vehicular braking and further the advancement of intelligent/unmanned vehicles. Using the test bench to simulate different road adhesion coefficients (i.e. road surfaces) and to complete the testing and evaluation of the vehicle braking systems is of great significance and importance. A test bench for simulation of vehicular braking of 1/4 vehicle is presented and investigated in this article. It is composed of a motor, two rollers, a 1/4 vehicle suspension system, a magnetic powder clutch, a flywheel, sensors, a signal acquisition and processing system, and a controller. The wheel and vehicle speeds are simulated by the rollers and flywheel speeds, respectively. The translational kinetic energy of 1/4 vehicle is simulated by the rotational kinetic energy of the flywheel. The signal acquisition and processing system is used to acquire and process the experimental signals, such as rotational speeds and torques during tests. The magnetic powder clutch with adjusted applied currents in the test bench is used to real-timely simulate roads with different adhesion coefficients. Based on the working principle of the test bench and the fundamentals of vehicle dynamics, the prototype of the test bench is established and the simulation approach of the translational kinetic energy of 1/4 vehicle is investigated. The mathematical model of the real-time simulation about roads with different adhesion coefficients based on the magnetic powder clutch with real-time controllable transmitted torque is established. With the built 1/4 vehicle braking systems based on the test bench and road, and the corresponding established models, the comparison and analysis of the simulation results of various road surfaces are conducted. Experiments are sequentially implemented to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the test bench.
Evaluation and development of Korea’s national plan for resource circulation towards a circular economy
Authors: Yi Sora
Published: September 2019

In light of the growing attention to the need for establishing a lifecycle-oriented circular economy and to promote resource circulation to maximize the utilization of limited resources, this paper presents a case study on setting-up new national-level indicators and targets in accordance to the shift in the national waste management paradigm from waste treatment to resource circulation, which is being initiated in multiple countries around the world. Specifically, using the case of Korea, which recently implemented its new Framework Act for Resource Circulation, this study illustrates the process for setting new indicators and projecting Korea’s waste management based on the indicators developed in this study. The five main indicators suggested are the final disposal rate, actual recycling rate, waste to energy recovery rate, resource circulation rate, and resource productivity, and their precise definitions and calculation methods and the necessary revision in national statistical data collection for obtaining the required data for the indicators are discussed. For the effective delivery of the policies in the long term, the annual targets for the indicators and overall strategies for promoting resource circulation are proposed based on the predictions for future population growth and waste generation. With continuous effort from 2018 to 2027, it is expected that Korea will be able to reduce its final disposal rate from 8.7% to 3.0% and increase its actual recycling rate from 76.4% to 82.0%, waste to energy recovery rate from 6.95% to 12.66%, resource circulation rate to 14.0% to 16.4%, and resource productivity to 630 USD/ton to 1900 USD/ton.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells Attenuate Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury with Large-Volume Ventilation
Authors: Ju Ying-nan , Geng Ying-jie , Wang Xue-ting , Gong Jing , Zhu Jingli , Gao Wei
Published: September 2019

Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a common complication that results from treatment with mechanical ventilation (MV) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. The present study investigated the effect of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) transplantation on VILI. Wistar rats were divided into three groups ( n = 8): sham (S), VILI model (V) induced by tidal volume ventilation (17 mL/kg), and VILI plus EPC transplantation (VE) groups. The lung PaO2/FiO2 ratio, pulmonary wet-to-dry (W/D) weight ratio, number of neutrophils, total protein, neutrophil elastase level, and inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were examined. Furthermore, the histological and apoptotic analysis, and lung tissue protein expression analysis of Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, total nuclear factor kappa B (total-NF-κB), phosphorylated NF-κB (phospho-NF-κB) and myosin light chain (MLC) were performed. The ventilation-induced decrease in PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and the increase in W/D ratio and total protein concentration were prevented by the EPC transplantation. The EPC transplantation (VE group) significantly attenuated the VILI-induced increased expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, MMP-9, phospho-NF-κB and MLC, neutrophil elastase levels and neutrophil counts in BALF. In addition, the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 increased in the VE group. Furthermore, pulmonary histological injury and apoptosis (TUNEL-positive cells, increase in Bax and cleaved caspase-3) were considerably diminished by the EPC transplantation. The EPC transplantation ameliorated the VILI. The mechanism may be primarily through the improvement of epithelial permeability, inhibition of local and systemic inflammation, and reduction in apoptosis.
MicroRNA-204-5p Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation by Down-Regulating USP47
Authors: Hu Liangliang , Kolibaba Helena , Zhang Siyou , Cao Minhua , Niu Huihui , Mei Haoyan , Hao Yaming , Xu Yang , Yin Qinan
Published: September 2019

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer, and the incidence of OC has risen steadily worldwide. Numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be involved in the progression of OC. miR-204-5p is down-regulated and functions as a tumor suppressor in various types of human malignant tumors. However, the biological roles and molecular mechanisms of miR-204-5p in OC still remain unclear. In this study, the aberrant down-regulation of miR-204-5p was detected in OC tissues. We also observed that miR-204-5p overexpression represses OC cell proliferation. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 47 (USP47) is verified as the functional target of miR-204-5p, through which it plays an important biological role in OC. Our results uncover new functions and mechanisms for miR-204-5p in the progression of OC, and provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of OC.
Removal of babies at birth and the moral distress of midwives
Authors: Marsh Wendy , Robinson Ann , Shawe Jill , Gallagher Ann
Published: September 2019

Background

Midwives and nurses appear vulnerable to moral distress when caring for women whose babies are removed at birth. They may experience professional dissatisfaction and their relationships with women, families and colleagues may be compromised. The impact of moral distress may manifest as anger, guilt, frustration, anxiety and a desire to give up their profession. While there has been much attention exploring the concept of moral distress in midwifery, this is the first study to explore its association in this context.

Aim

This article explores midwives’ experiences of moral distress when providing care to women whose babies were removed at birth and gives valuable insight into an issue nurses and midwives encounter in their profession.

Methods

Four mothers and eight midwives took part in this research. Narrative inquiry incorporating photo-elicitation techniques was used to generate data; mothers were interviewed face to face and midwives through focus groups. The images and audio data were collected, transcribed and analysed for emerging themes. For the purpose of this article, only the midwives’ stories are reported. This research received a favourable ethical opinion from the University of Surrey Ethics committee.

Ethical considerations

This study received a favourable ethical approval from a higher education institutes ethics committee.

Results

Midwives who care for women whose babies are removed at birth report it as one of the most distressing areas of contemporary clinical practice. Furthermore, they report feelings of guilt, helplessness and betrayal of the midwife–mother relationship. Many of the midwives in this study state that these experiences stay with them for a long time, far more than more joyful aspects of their role.

Conclusion

Midwives experience moral distress. Support systems, education and training must be available to them if we are to reduce the long-term impact upon them, alleviate their distress and prevent them from leaving the profession.
Examination of a day programme for eating disorders: impact on 3-month follow-up by psychiatric comorbidity
Authors: Wade Tracey D , Eshkevari Ertimiss , Guerin Corree , Smith Jasmine , Hoskin Daniela
Published: September 2019

Objective:

The two aims of this preliminary investigation were to use a case series design to examine outcomes of a day programme (DP) for eating disorders and to investigate whether the presence of baseline psychiatric comorbidities moderated outcomes 3 months after discharge.

Method:

Linear mixed modelling was used to investigate changes over time in the 91 participants who had commenced the DP by April 2019; 87 (96%) female, 61 (67%) with a DSM-5 diagnosis of anorexia nervosa.

Results:

Six of our seven outcome variables (dietary restraint; concern over weight, eating and shape; clinical impairment; and psychological distress) showed moderate to large effect size improvements from baseline to follow-up. Generally, improvement declined somewhat at follow-up from discharge, with a pattern of results suggesting this decline was less where there was comorbidity at baseline.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that a DP effectively reduces eating disorder psychopathology regardless of the presence of psychiatric comorbidity.
Primary and secondary prevention strategies against illicit drug use among adults aged 18–25: a narrative review
Authors: Singh Shalini , Balhara Yatan Pal Singh , Gupta Prashant , Christodoulou Nikos G
Published: September 2019

Objectives:

We reviewed the literature for preventive programs against illicit drug use that specifically target adults aged 18–25 (i.e. emerging adults).

Methods:

Narrative review of preventive programs that have a high strength of recommendation according to the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) grading system.

Results:

Prevention programs that met the criteria are school and college based, family-based, community based, peer-led, workplace-based, and technology-based interventions. They target the known modifiable risk factors associated with illicit drug use among adolescents and young adults.

Conclusion:

The preventive programs we reviewed are utilizing evidence-based strategies for the prevention of illicit drug use. Further research is needed to formulate new and effective preventive strategies for the reduction of illicit drug use by emerging adults.
Measuring Burnout in Pediatric Oncology Staff: Should We Be Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory?
Authors: Mukherjee Suzanne , Tennant Alan , Beresford Bryony
Published: September 2019

Burnout in health service staff is a cause for concern since it has negative consequences for the individual affected, the wider organization, and patients. The Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) has been widely used to assess the prevalence of burnout within oncology services. The MBI-HSS is a self-report measure comprising three subscales—Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and Personal Accomplishment (PA). This article reports on the first study to investigate the psychometric properties of the MBI-HSS when administered to pediatric oncology staff. Two hundred and three pediatric oncology staff recruited through seven UK Principal Treatment Centers (PTCs) and a children’s cancer charity completed the MBI-HSS. The factor structure of the instrument was tested using confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis, with Rasch analysis applied to assess whether the measure meets the requirements of an interval-level scale. Cronbach alpha was used to assess internal reliability. Factor analysis did not support the traditional three-factor structure of the MBI-HSS but instead suggested seven factors. Rasch analysis and alpha coefficients indicated that while the EE and the PA subscales fulfilled the requirements of an interval-level measure for group-level diagnosis, DP did not. Further investigation revealed a “floor effect” on many DP items. Whereas the EE and PA subscales of the MBI-HSS can be used in research with pediatric oncology staff working in PTCs, there are considerable problems with the DP subscale, and researchers should be cautious in interpreting data from this subscale.
Experiences of Young Children With Cancer and Their Parents With Nurses’ Caring Practices During the Cancer Trajectory
Authors: Enskär Karin , Darcy Laura , Björk Maria , Knutsson Susanne , Huus Karina
Published: September 2019

Children with cancer require repeated hospitalizations and the family’s everyday life and routines undergo change. Concrete descriptions of how nurses act when caring for children with cancer throughout the various phases of care and treatment are sparsely highlighted in the literature. The aim of this study was to describe young children with cancer and their parents’ experiences of nurses’ caring practices over a 3-year period, from diagnosis to follow-up. This study is based on semistructured interviews with 25 children newly diagnosed with cancer, aged 1 to 6 years, and their parents, connected to a pediatric oncology unit in Sweden. Child and parent data were analyzed with a deductive content analysis using Swanson’s theory of caring. The result shows that nurse care practices directed toward young children with cancer and their parents are to some extent similar across a 3-year period from diagnosis to follow-up but also differ in some ways. Nurses’ caring practices aim to support children and parents in the transition to a “new normal.” Child- and family-friendly care processes include the following: creating hope and a trustful relationship, asking rather than assuming, providing knowledge and information, performing tasks skillfully, displaying an interest in the child’s and parents’ life outside the hospital, and helping the family to trust in the future and other health care providers. Based on these results, we recommend the development of a standardized and structured nursing care plan or clinical guideline with detailed information on how to carry out clinical nurse care practices in the different phases.
Diminishing Returns of Leadership Behaviors on Leadership Emergence
Authors: Mitchell Tyree David , Hu Jasmine , Johnson Lars
Published: September 2019

A large body of evidence has concluded that there are positive linear relationships between leadership behaviors and leadership emergence. Drawing on insights from the leadership and teams research, we hypothesized that above certain levels of task-oriented and relationship-oriented behaviors, such behaviors will have diminishing returns for leadership emergence. Hypotheses were tested using a sample of 105 leaderless teams within an assessment center setting. Our results indicate that team members’ behaviors have linear and non-linear relations with leadership emergence. We discovered that the association between relationship-oriented behaviors and leadership emergence in self-managed teams is curvilinear, whereas the association between task-oriented behaviors and leadership emergence is linear but not curvilinear. Overall, the relationships between member behaviors and leadership emergence are more complex than the independent, positive linear relationships observed throughout the literature.
Chronic Paradoxes: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Family Perspectives on Living With Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Svensson Marie Kofod , Wahlberg Ayo , Gislason Gunnar H.
Published: September 2019

There have been substantial advances in the diagnostics and treatment of congenital heart defects (CHDs) in recent decades, and this has improved survival significantly. Consequently, there is a growing interest in how CHDs affect the daily lives of children and youth. We examine life with CHDs as a particular kind of living from the perspectives of both children and youth with CHDs and their families through a systematic review of existing qualitative research. Based on a meta-ethnographic analysis of 20 articles (identified through PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCOhost, PSYCHinfo, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 7 to 12, 2016), we argue that living with CHDs is characterized by chronic paradoxes arising out of the transitions, normalities, and futures that families have to navigate.
Men and Miscarriage: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis
Authors: Williams Helen M. , Topping Annie , Coomarasamy Arri , Jones Laura L.
Published: September 2019

Miscarriage is common, affecting one in five pregnancies, but the psychosocial effects often go unrecognized and unsupported. The effects on men may be subject to unintentional neglect by health care practitioners, who typically focus on biological symptoms, confined to women. Therefore, we set out to systematically review the evidence of lived experiences of male partners in high-income countries. Our search and thematic synthesis of the relevant literature identified 27 manuscripts reporting 22 studies with qualitative methods. The studies collected data from 231 male participants, and revealed the powerful effect of identities assumed and performed by men or constructed for them in the context of miscarriage. We identified perceptions of female precedence, uncertain transition to parenthood, gendered coping responses, and ambiguous relations with health care practitioners. Men were often cast into roles that seemed secondary to others, with limited opportunities to articulate and address any emotions and uncertainties engendered by loss.