bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRATAMENTO ALOPÁTICO E HOMEOPÁTICO EM CAPRINOS COM AGALAXIA CONTAGIOSA: ESTUDO COMPARATIVO
Authors: Silva Natanael Souza , Marinho Melania Loureiro , Azevedo Edisio Oliveira , Campos Ana Claudia , Carvalho Maria das Graças Xavier
Published: December 2014

Foram utilizados 30 caprinos naturalmente infectados pelo Mycoplasma agalactiae com a finalidade de comparar os tratamentos alopático e homeopático para agalaxia contagiosa. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos de forma aleatória e homogênea, sendo respectivamente, tratados com bioterápico (grupo I), com alopatia (grupo II) e controle (grupo III). No grupo I os animais receberam durante oito semanas, três doses diárias de 10 mL do bioterápico diluído em água potável. Os animais do grupo II foram tratados durante oito dias com tilosina e sete dias com oxitetraciclina LA (20 mg/kg).  Todos os animais foram observados diariamente por um período de 365 dias para acompanhamento da evolução clínica. Após um período de 7 a 49 dias, foi observado cura clínica de todos os animais do grupo I. No grupo II a alopatia apesar de proporcionar uma dimiuição da sintomatologia clínica, não possibilitou a cura clínica de todos os animais, onde foram observadas recidivas nos sinais clínicos de mastite ou agalaxia (40%) e artrite (25%). No grupo controle três animais com mastite e dois com ceratoconjuntivite permaneceram com os sintomas durante todo período experimental. Apesar da diminuição da sintomatologia clínica após a punção articular, um (20%) animal do grupo III veio a óbito devido à cronicidade do quadro clínico. Abortos foram observados no grupo II e III com 12,5% e 28,57% dos nascimentos, respectivamente. Conclui-se, portanto, que o tratamento da agalaxia contagiosa com bioterápico de M. agalactiae é eficaz no controle dos sinais clínicos em animais naturalmente infectados, sendo este superior em eficácia em comparação ao tratamento alopático.Palavras-chave: artrite; ceratoconjuntivite; mastite; Mycoplasma agalactiae
DENTAL GERM FORMATION AS INFLUENCED BY 5-FLUOROURACIL (5-FU) IN NEWBORN RATS
Authors: DA ROCHA ROSILENE FERNANDES , BASTOS-RAMOS WILMA P. , MATTOS FILHO THALES ROCHA , NOGUEIRA TEREZINHA O.
Published: December 2014

Foi estudada a influência da droga antimitótica 5-fluoruracil (5-FU), administrada a ratas prenhes sobre a formação do germe dental de ratos recém nascidos. Foram utilizadas 125 fêmeas com 90-100 dias de idade e 15 machos adultos (Rattus rattus norvaegicus, albinus, Wistar). A droga foi injetada por via intraperitoneal a ratas grávidas, em doses únicas, aos 9º, 10º, 11º , 12º ou 13 º dias de gestação. Os animais foram divididos em quatro subgrupos de acordo com a dose administrada: 10, 20, 30 e 40 mg/kg. Os resultados mostraram que nessas doses, o 5-FU não teve efeito tóxico nas ratas prenhes, alem de perda de peso com doses mais elevadas (30-40 mg/kg), enquanto causou anomalias dentais nos embriões, bem como malformações externas. A proporção de tais anomalias foi, alem de dose dependente, influenciada pelo dia de gestação no qual antimitótico foi administrado às mães: foi observada maior sensibilidade ao 9º dia e menor ao 10º dia. Doses mais elevadas (30-40 mg/kg) causaram freqüentemente morte do embrião e reabsorção fetal. Agenesia do germe dentário foi freqüentemente observada. Abstract It was studied the influence of the antimitotic drug 5 - fluorouracil (5-FU), administered to pregnant rats, on dental germ formation of newborn rats. A total of 125 female aged 90-100 days and 15 male adult rats (Rattus rattus norvaegicus, albinus, Wistar) were used. The drug was injected intraperitoneally in single doses to females at the 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th days of pregnancy. The animals were divided in four groups according to the doses administered: 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg. Results show that the drug induced no toxicity to mothers, other than loss of body weight with higher doses (30-40 mg/kg), but caused in the fetuses dental germ anomalies and body external malformations. The proportion of such anomalies were, besides dose dependent, influenced by the day of pregnancy when the drug was administered to the mothers: there was a greater sensitivity at the 9th day and a lesser one at the 10th day. Higher doses (30-40 mg/kg) caused frequently embryonic death or fetal uterine reabsorption. Agenesia of the dental germ was frequently found.
ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA IN ANTARCTIC FISH: AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
Authors: BASTOS-RAMOS WILMA PEREIRA , GONÇALVES NEUZA M. F. M. , BACILA METRY
Published: December 2014

Foi levado a efeito em peixes antárticos um estudo sobre as ações anestésicas e/ou analgésicas de depressores centrais ketamine, fentanyl e thiopental bem como do anestésico local benzocaina. As drogas foram adicionadas à água marinha aerada nas temperaturas de 1 a 1,5oC. Ketamine (15 mg/L) e fentanyl (50 g/L) não induziram anestesia mas causaram demorada analgesia e sedação. Doses de 100 mg/L de Thiopental foram necessárias para anestesiar peixes, ou seja, em concentração 30 vezes maior do que a dose anestésica usual utilizada para mamíferos. A anestesia ocasionada nos peixes foi longa - de 3 a 4 horas - e difícil de ser controlada. Um dos peixes utilizados na experimentação permaneceu em estado de comatose por quatro dias com sobrevida. Benzocaina em doses de 100 mg/L foi eficiente para anestesiar peixes dentro de 6 a 8 minutos após a sua administração. A anestesia, neste caso, teve duração de 15 a 20 minutos acompanhada de pequena depressão respiratória. Abstract It was studied in Antarctic fishes the anesthetic and/or analgesic actions of central depressors ketamine, fentanyl and thiopental as well as the local anesthetic benzocaine. The drugs were added to aerated marine water at temperatures of 1-1.5 C. Ketamine (15 mg/L) and fentanyl (50 g/L) failed in inducing anesthesia but caused a long lasting analgesia and sedation. Thiopental was required in doses of 100 mg/L to anesthetize the fishes, that is, about 30 times higher than the usual anesthetic dose for mammals. The anesthesia was long lasting, that is, 3-4 h, and difficult to control. One fish remained in a comatose state for four days with survival. Benzocaine in doses of 100 mg/L was successful in anesthetizing the fishes within 6-8 min, anesthesia lasting for 15-20 min, with a minor respiratory depression.
HISTOPATOLOGIA DOS EFEITOS DA INTERAÇÃO DE MERCÚRIO INORGÂNICO E ÁGUA ACIDIFICADA EM NÍVEIS SUBLETAIS NO PEIXE Metynnis roosevelti (EIGENMANN, 1915)
Authors: FOLLE NILCE MARY TURCATTI
Published: December 2014

A poluição por mercúrio e águas ácidas tem sido reconhecida em muitas áreas do mundo por interferir na saúde dos organismos. Assim sendo este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar os efeitos da interação de mercúrio inorgânico e água acidificada em um peixe nativo. Exemplares do peixe Metynnis roosevelti foram expostos aos agentes tóxicos mercúrio inorgânico (0,1 mgHg/L), água acidificada com ácido sulfúrico em pH 5,0 e a estes em conjunto, permanecendo 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 e 96 horas em exposição. Os animais tiveram os tecidos branquial e hepático retirados e fixados para serem estudados através de microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura. As histopatologias observadas no tecido branquial sob o efeito de água acidificada, mercúrio e mercúrio em água acidificada foram: enrugamento epitelial, núcleos picnóticos, degeneração celular, células com formatos irregulares, constricção dos espaços sangüíneos, grânulos eosinofilicos, hiperplasia, diminuição das microssaliências das células epiteliais das lamelas primárias e ruptura epitelial. As histopatologias separação do epitélio lamelar e congestão sangüínea foram observadas em exposição ao mercúrio e mercúrio em água acidificada. As histopatologias hepáticas foram: vacuolização citoplasmática, degeneração celular, necrose celular, inchaço celular, grânulos eosinofilicos nas hemácias e grânulos amarelo-marrons noa hepatócitos. A intensidade das histopatologias observadas foi mais intensa na exposição do peixe Metynnis roosevelti ao mercúrio inorgânico em água acidificada. Desta forma podo-se concluir que, mesmo todos os agentes tóxicos estando em níveis subletais, o efeito do mercúrio foi potencializado em um ambiente ácido.
QUANTIFICAÇÃO HISTOLÓGICA DE ESPERMATOGÊNESE DE RATOS WISTAR TRATADOS COM DIMETIL SULFÓXIDO (DMSO)
Authors: DE ALMEIDA LYGIA MARIA
Published: December 2014

Com o objetivo de obter dados sobre os efeitos da ação do dimetil sulfóxido (DMSO) na espermatogênese de ratos, de modo a proporcionar uma análise mais acurada dos efeitos do DMSO sobre a quantificação da espermatogênese de mamíferos, 24 ratos albinos da raça Wistar, com 75 dias de idade e peso vivo médio de 325 gramas, oriundos do Biotério Central da Universidade Federal do Paraná, foram utilizados no estudo. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos - Controle e Experimental - e submetidos a dois tipos de tratamento. No primeiro, o Grupo Experimental (de 10 animais) recebeu aplicações tópicas de DMSO no jarrete, 2 vezes ao dia, na dosagem de 1,0 g/kg de peso vivo, durante um período de 7 dias consecutivos. No segundo tratamento, o Grupo Experimental (de 7 animais) recebeu aplicações tópicas de DMSO no escroto 2 vezes ao dia, na dosagem de 1,0 g/kg de peso vivo, durante um período de 54 dias consecutivos. O Grupo Controle (de 7 animais) recebeu aplicações de solução salina friccionadas na pele do jarrete e do escroto 2 vezes ao dia, por período equivalente ao dos tratamentos. Foram avaliados e comparados os seguintes parâmetros: a) proporções volumétricas dos componentes do parênquima testicular; 6) diâmetro dos túbulos seminíferos; c) contagem dos elementos celulares do epitélio seminífero; d) rendimento intrínseco da espermatogênese. As investigações proporcionaram os seguintes resultados: a) a proporção volumétrica entre os grupos analisados não diferiu significativamente (p≤0,05); b) os dados obtidos no diâmetro dos túbulos seminíferos indicam que o parênquima testicular não diferiu significativamente entre os dois grupos; c) a contagem dos elementos celulares do epitélio seminífero não apresentou diferença significativa entre os dois grupos estudados; d) constatou-se um rendimento aparentemente normal da espermatogênese entre os grupos analisados. O processo espermatogênico, no presente trabalho, aparentemente não causou alteração após a aplicação do DMSO e da solução salina. Há necessidade de estudos posteriores para confirmar os dados obtidos.
ASPECTOS GENÉTICOS E DE AMBIENTE SOBRE PESOS PRÉ E PÓS DESMAMA EM BOVINOS DA RAÇA TABAPUÃ NA REGIÃO PECUÁRIA OESTE SÃO PAULO  PARANÁ
Authors: GUIMARÃES L.B. , FERRAZ FILHO P.B. , SOUZA J.C. , SILVA L.O.C.
Published: December 2014

A região pecuária Oeste São Paulo-Paraná tem características exclusivas para definição do manejo a ser adotado nos rebanhos. Desta forma, se faz necessário a identificação de parâmetros que possam contribuir para a melhoria de sua produtividade. Foram avaliadas fontes genéticas e não genéticas da variação dos pesos ajustados para aos 205 (P205), 365 (P365) e 550 (P550) dias de idades de bovinos Tabapuã, em um período de 20 anos. Análises de variância foram realizadas pelo método dos quadrados mínimos, para verificar a influência de alguns fatores ambientais. O modelo estatístico incluiu os efeitos fixos de ano e estação de nascimento, sexo e a covariável de idade da vaca ao parto (linear e quadrático), além do efeito aleatório de touro aninhado a fazenda de criação. Os componentes de (co)variância para obter os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita livre de derivadas (REML), sob modelo animal univariado. Incluiu-se neste modelo os efeitos aleatórios genéticos direto e materno, e o de ambiente permanente da vaca, além dos efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos e a covariável idade da vaca (efeito linear e quadrático). As médias observadas dos pesos aos 205, 365 e 550 dias foram: 170,35 (25,04; 219,49 (31,37 e 282,97 (48,90 kg, para 7.419, 6.726 e 4.431 observações, respectivamente. Os efeitos de meio foram significantes (P
“Thou liv’st to all that Read”: Reading the Paratext of William Cartwright’s Comedies, Tragi-Comedies, With other Poems (1651) as Early Modern Life Writing
Authors: Herbe Sarah
Published: December 2014

This essay proposes to read the paratext of books published in seventeenth-century as a form of multi-perspective, multi-generic, and multi-modal of life writing, since information on the author is not only provided in chronological “Life of the Author” narratives, but by all elements of the paratext. Drawing on the paratext of William Cartwright’s Comedies, Tragi-Comedies, With other Poems, published posthumously in 1651, it is shown how conventional paratextual strategies are combined with individualising “biographemes” (R. Barthes) to create a multi-faceted presentation of the author, in which the reader’s role to reconstruct the author’s life emerges as central. This article was submitted on June 1st 2014 and published on November 3rd 2014
Regulatory governance by contract: the rise of regulatory standards in commercial contracts
Authors: Verbruggen Paul
Published: December 2014

Regulatory governance by contract: the rise of regulatory standards in commercial contracts

In this paper a literature review is used to explore the role that commercial contracts concluded between private actors play as instruments of regulatory governance. While such contracts are traditionally seen as a means to facilitate exchange between market participants, it is argued in the literature that commercial contracts are becoming increasingly important vehicles for the implementation and enforcement of safety, social and sustainability standards in transnational supply chains. The paper maps the pervasiveness of this development, its drivers, and the governance challenges that arise from it. While doing so, the paper more generally explores the relationship between regulation and contract law.
Criminologie en opsporing
Authors: Kleemans Edward , de Poot Christianne , Verhage Antoinette
Published: December 2014

Crime and criminal investigation

Criminologists have devoted surprisingly little attention to criminal investigation issues. This is understandable given the difficulties faced when performing empirical research into this subject. Getting access to confidential data from police and security services and disclosing such findings in scientific publications remains a challenge.

However, knowledge about investigative practices and their effects is essential for current debates about the legitimacy of new investigative methods and related privacy violations. This special issue contains contributions from authors who were able to connect research and science with criminal investigation practices. The contributions concern relevant topics, such as interrogation methods, social network analysis in criminal investigations, investigation of terrorist activities, sexual offenses, and private investigations. With these contributions, this special issue illustrates how empirical research into criminal investigation practices can be executed, and what new insights this provides.
De brug tussen wetenschap en opsporingspraktijk
Authors: Duijn Paul , Klerks Peter
Published: December 2014

Bridging science and investigations: The application of social network analysis in Dutch criminal investigative practice

Social network analysis (SNA) has taken its place in the field of criminology, although among Dutch criminologists the emphasis remains on conceptual contributions. Meanwhile, the world of criminal investigation and intelligence has witnessed the development of a blossoming SNA-practice. The emergence of big data makes SNA an indispensable tool to exploit the oceans of data in a meaningful way. Unfortunately, when it comes to employing SNA, academia and the investigations and intelligence domains remain separated. While Dutch analysts adopt scientific ideas and concepts, they rarely contribute to the body of literature; confidential SNA reports remain inaccessible. Shedding light on over forty SNA related internal police studies, this article bridges the gap between Dutch academic criminologists and ‘pracademics’ in law enforcement.
Kinderpornorechercheurs en hun mentale weerbaarheid
Authors: Sollie Henk , Kop Nicolien , Euwema Martin
Published: December 2014

Child pornography investigators and their resilience: How police officers perceive and cope with the impact of investigating child pornography

Eleven Teams against Child Abuse Images and Transnational Child Sex Offences (TBKKs) are operating within the Dutch National Police Force. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the resilience of criminal investigators working in these teams and how they perceive and cope with daily work stressors. Observational studies within five TBKKs and 35 semi-structured interviews with child pornography investigators revealed that managing their heavy caseloads, classifying abusive images, dealing with suspects and conducting home searches can sometimes be (very) challenging. Despite these demanding work aspects, investigators experience low levels of stress. By employing emotional detachment, self-reflection, workload regulation, social support and meaningfulness, they overcome the stress of investigating internet child exploitation. However, successful implementation of these resilience-enhancing strategies depends on the availability of several individual and organizational resources. To reduce the risk of health problems and to stimulate positive functioning, these resources require permanent investment from police management and investigators themselves.
New Insights into Hexacoordinated Silicon Complexes with 8- Oxyquinolinato Ligands: 1,3-Shift of Si-Bound Hydrocarbyl Substituents and the Influence of Si-Bound Halides on the 8-Oxyquinolinate Coordination Features
Authors: Wächtler Erik , Kämpfe Alexander , Krupinski Katrin , Gerlach Daniela , Kroke Edwin , Brendler Erica , Wagler Jörg
Published: December 2014

The transsilylation reaction between allyltrichlorosilane and 8-trimethylsiloxyquinoline in the molar ratio 1 : 3 yields the hexacoordinated silicon tris-chelate (oxinate)2Si(adho) (“oxinate” = 8- oxyquinolinate, “adho” = di-anion of 2-allyl-1,2-dihydro-8-oxyquinoline) comprising an SiO3N3 skeleton. The identity of this complex was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and 29Si CP=MAS NMR spectroscopy of its chloroform solvate. Benzyltrichlorosilane and dibenzyldichlorosilane, comprising benzyl (Bn) as an “aromatically stabilized allyl moiety” did not undergo such rearrangement. Instead, the complexes (oxinate)2SiBnCl and (oxinate)2SiBn2 were obtained even upon using three molar equivalents of 8-trimethylsiloxyquinoline.

We determined the crystal structure of a non-disordered bis-chelate (oxinate)2SiBnCl with Sibound hydrocarbyl and halogen substituents (the previously published (oxinate)2SiMeCl was disordered with alternative Me=Cl site occupancies). (Oxinate)2SiBnCl exhibits surprisingly poor response of the N-Si bonds to the different trans-disposed Si-X (X=Bn, Cl) bonds. For comparison and deeper insights into the coordination chemistry of oxinato silicon complexes with halide substituents, we determined the crystal structures of (oxinate)2SiPhCl·CHCl3, (oxinate)2SiCl2, (oxinate)2SiF2·1.5(CHCl3), and (8-oxyquinaldinate)2SiF2. Furthermore, the crystal structures of BnSiCl3 and Bn2SiCl2 (and its dibromo analog) are reported. The influence of the Si-C-C-C torsion angles of the benzyl group on the 29Si NMR shift of benzylsilanes (which is noticeably upfield with respect to analogous methyl silanes) was analyzed by quantum-chemical calculations.
Assessment of Child, Mother, and Environmental Factors Associated with Undernutrition in Children Less than Five Years Old in a Maya Community in Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Glenn Joelle C. , Walden Heather S. , Guzmán-Marín Eugenia , Gonzalez-Losa María  del  Refugio , McIntosh Antoinette , Young Alyson G. , Hernandez Jorge A.
Published: December 2014

The objective of this study was to examine child, mother, and environmental factors associated with undernutrition in children less than five years old in a Maya community in Yucatan, Mexico. This investigation was designed as a case-control study. All cases (n=42) of undernutrition were included, and a sample of 52 controls was randomly selected from the study population. The frequency of investigated exposure factors was compared between cases and controls by using logistic regression. Undernutrition was associated with child’s age (> 36 months old; OR = 3.53; 95% CI = 1.04, 18.40) and mother’s marital status (married; OR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.09, 0.90). The odds of undernutrition were 2.81 times higher in children infected with Giardia spp, but this association was not significant (P = 0.18) after controlling for child’s age and mother’s marital status. In conclusion, child’s age and mother’s marital status were associated with child undernutrition in study subjects. Futures studies on undernutrition in children should examine more carefully how mother’s marital status alone or in combination with other factors (e.g. socio-economic, psychological factors) can influence child nutrition.
Neutron Flux Variation at the Inner Irradiation Channel of the Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1)
Authors: Musa Y. , Ahmed Y.A. , Yamusa Y.A. , Tukur M.
Published: December 2014

In order to ascertain the level of flux variation in one of the inner irradiation channels of the Nigeria Research Reactor-1 (NIRR-1), the irradiation container used for routine activation analysis was employed with copper wires as flux monitors. Measurements were carried out with these wires arranged in axial direction to determine the thermal neutron flux at selected positions using absolute foil activation method. Our results show that there exists a slight flux variation from one position to another ranging from (4.57 ± 0.24) x 1011 to (5.20 ± 0.20) x 1011 cm-2s-1. Individual foil shows slight flux variation from one position to another in the same irradiation container but they all pointed toward a level of stability in spite of the recent installation of the cadmium lined irradiation channel. The values obtained in this work are in good agreement with the previously measured value of (5.14 ± 0.24) x 1011 cm-2s-1 after commissioning of NIRR-1. This shows that the cadmium lined installation does not affect the flux stability. In order to improve the accuracy of neutron activation analysis (NAA) using NIRR-1 facility, there is need for flux corrections to be made by miniature neutron source reactor (MNSR) users during NAA particularly long irradiation, where more than six samples are irradiated simultaneously in the same container.
Influence of Magnetic Frequency on the Thermal Behaviour of Heat Transfer Equipment
Authors: Sami Samuel
Published: December 2014

This paper presents a description of the mathematical model developed to predict the natural frequency of a particular refrigerant or refrigerant mixture and magnetic field frequency using the one-dimensional fluid flow conservation equations. The results show the dependence of the Nusselt number on the Reynolds number in the presence and absence of magnetic field. However, the results also provide evidence of enhanced heat transfer and heat flux under magnetic field compared to without magnetic field. In addition, the results presented in the paper clearly provide evidence that the heat transmission has been consistently enhanced when magnetic field is applied. It also appears that heat transfer enhancement is greater at higher Nusselt numbers.
Renewable Energy Sources: Global and Russian Outlook Up to 2040
Authors: Galkina Anna , Kulagin Vyacheslav , Mironova Irina
Published: December 2014

During the period up to 2040, renewable energy sources (RES) will have the highest growth rates of all forms of energy. Based on the calculations on the world energy model incorporated in the SCANER modelling and information complex (working on the basis of optimization, econometric analysis, and balance approach), key trends in the world consumption of renewable energy sources; the share of OECD and non-OECD countries in the use of the renewable energy sources; consumption of renewable energy sources by type; end use and the impact on the electricity sector during the period up to 2040 were observed. The main finding of the paper is that RES are becoming more competitive and therefore will be used on an increasingly wide scale not only in the OECD countries, but also in the whole world. At the same time, due to the fact that RES start their take-off from a modest basis, they will only have a limited influence on the shares of hydrocarbons in the energy mix.
Maximally informative foraging by Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Calhoun Adam J , Chalasani Sreekanth H , Sharpee Tatyana O
Published: December 2014

Animals have evolved intricate search strategies to find new sources of food. Here, we analyze a complex food seeking behavior in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to derive a general theory describing different searches. We show that C. elegans, like many other animals, uses a multi-stage search for food, where they initially explore a small area intensively (‘local search’) before switching to explore a much larger area (‘global search’). We demonstrate that these search strategies as well as the transition between them can be quantitatively explained by a maximally informative search strategy, where the searcher seeks to continuously maximize information about the target. Although performing maximally informative search is computationally demanding, we show that a drift-diffusion model can approximate it successfully with just three neurons. Our study reveals how the maximally informative search strategy can be implemented and adopted to different search conditions.
Primary Enteric-Type Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Urethra in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Dimitroulis Dimitrios , Patsouras Dimitrios , Katsargyris Athanasios , Charalampoudis Petros , Anastasiou Ioannis , Kouraklis Gregory
Published: December 2014

Primary carcinoma of the male urethra accounts for less than 1% of malignancies in men. Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the urethra is extremely rare, and its biologic behavior is poorly understood. We present herein a rare case of mucinous urethral adenocarcinoma in a male patient with longstanding ulcerative colitis and multiple sclerosis. The patient presented with a voluminous pelvic mass; core biopsy of the lesion demonstrated a mucus-producing adenocarcinoma. Given the patient's history of subtotal colectomy, preoperative diagnosis was oriented towards a rectal stump adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent a pelvic exenteration: surprisingly, histology marked the prostatic urethra as the primary lesion site.
Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor–Producing Gallbladder Carcinoma
Authors: Suzumura Kazuhiro , Iimuro Yuji , Asano Yasukane , Kuroda Nobukazu , Hirano Tadamichi , Yamanaka Junichi , Okada Toshihiro , Okamoto Tomohiro , Torii Ikuko , Fujimoto Jiro
Published: December 2014

A 78-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with right upper abdominal pain and fever. His general condition was poor. The laboratory data showed severe inflammatory reactions. Computed tomography revealed an irregular tumor in the gallbladder. 18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) showed high uptake by the tumor, with diffuse uptake in the spine. Based on the elevated leukocyte count and FDG-PET findings, a granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)–producing tumor was diagnosed (G-CSF 120 pg/mL). We performed cholecystectomy with central bisegmentectomy of the liver, lymph node dissection and right hemicolectomy. Histologically, the tumor was an adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder. Immunohistochemical staining of the tumor cells was positive for G-CSF. Postoperatively, the general condition of the patient was improved. The fever subsided, the leukocyte count and serum G-CSF level normalized, and FDG-PET showed no uptake in the spine postoperatively. The patient showed no signs of recurrence at 27 months after undergoing surgery. FDG-PET is a useful method for diagnosing G-CSF–producing gallbladder carcinoma. Aggressive curative resection for G-CSF–producing gallbladder carcinoma may improve patients' general condition and prognosis.
Resident microglia, and not peripheral macrophages, are the main source of brain tumor mononuclear cells
Authors: Müller Annett , Brandenburg Susan , Turkowski Kati , Müller Susanne , Vajkoczy Peter
Published: December 2014

Gliomas consist of multiple cell types, including an abundant number of microglia and macrophages, whereby their impact on tumor progression is controversially discussed. To understand their unique functions and consequently manipulate either microglia or macrophages in therapeutic approaches, it is essential to discriminate between both cell populations. Because of the lack of specific markers, generally total body irradiated chimeras with labeled bone marrow cells were used to identify infiltrated cells within the brain. However, total body irradiation (TBI) affects the blood–brain barrier integrity, which in turn potentially facilitates immune cell infiltration. In this study, changes on the blood–brain barrier were avoided using head‐protected irradiation (HPI). Head protection and total body irradiated chimeras exhibited similar reconstitution levels of the myeloid cell lineage in the blood, enabling the comparable analyses of brain infiltrates. We demonstrate that the HPI model impeded a massive unspecific influx of donor‐derived myeloid cells into naive as well as tumor‐bearing brains. Moreover, experimental artifacts such as an enlarged distribution of infiltrated cells and fourfold increased tumor volumes are prevented in head‐protected chimeras. In addition, our data evidenced for the first time that microglia are able to up‐regulate CD45 and represent an inherent part of the CD45high population in the tumor context. All in all, HPI allowed for the unequivocal distinction between microglia and macrophages without alterations of tumor biology and consequently permits a detailed and realistic description of the myeloid cell composition in gliomas.
The three factors of the psychoticism scale of SCL‐90‐R
Authors: Pedersen Geir , Urnes Øyvind , Kvarstein Elfrida H. , Karterud Sigmund
Published: December 2014

Former studies have repeatedly found the psychoticism (PSY) scale of Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised to be a heterogeneous construct. The aim of this study was to confirm and further explore the nature of this heterogeneity within a large sample of patients with mainly personality disorders.

Within a total sample of 3 794 patients, one‐half was randomly selected for explorative factor analysis in order to assess the internal structure of the PSY scale and the other half to cross‐validate the findings by a confirmatory factor analysis. The total sample was then used to assess associations between the components from the factor analyses and several clinical measures and diagnoses.

A one‐factor solution of the PSY scale yielded poor fit to the data, but a proposed structure of three latent constructs was confirmed by good model fit. The three subsets of the PSY scale, labelled metacognitive dysfunction, self‐accusation and detachment, shared variance with different personality disorders and different aspects of psychopathology, e.g. previous psychotic episodes.

The heterogeneous PSY scale of SCL‐90‐R can be divided into three meaningful clinical concepts, reflecting different aspects of psychosis‐near experiences. The factors warrant confirmation in other populations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics and thermodynamics of reversible disproportionation–comproportionation in redox triad oxoammonium cations – nitroxyl radicals – hydroxylamines
Authors: Sen’ Vasily D. , Tikhonov Ivan V. , Borodin Leonid I. , Pliss Evgeny M. , Golubev Valery A. , Syroeshkin Mikhail A. , Rusakov Alexander I.
Published: December 2014

Kinetics and equilibrium of the acid‐catalyzed disproportionation of cyclic nitroxyl radicals R2NO• to oxoammonium cations R2NO+ and hydroxylamines R2NOH is defined by redox and acid–base properties of these compounds. In a recent work (J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2014, 27, 114‐120), we showed that the kinetic stability of R2NO• in acidic media depends on the basicity of the nitroxyl group. Here, we examined the kinetics of the reverse comproportionation reaction of R2NO+ and R2NOH to R2NO• and found that increasing in –I‐effects of substituents greatly reduces the overall equilibrium constant of the reaction K4. This occurs because of both the increase of acidity constants of hydroxyammonium cations K3H+ and the difference between the reduction potentials of oxoammonium cations ER2NO+/R2NO• and nitroxyl radicals ER2NO•/R2NOH. pH dependences of reduction potentials of nitroxyl radicals to hydroxylamines E1/3Σ and bond dissociation energies D(O–H) for hydroxylamines R2NOH in water were determined. For a wide variety of piperidine‐ and pyrrolidine‐1‐oxyls values of pK3H+ and ER2NO+/R2NO• correlate with each other, as well as with the equilibrium constants K4 and the inductive substituent constants σI. The correlations obtained allow prediction of the acid–base and redox characteristics of redox triads R2NO•–R2NO+–R2NOH. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small mammal use of native warm‐season and non‐native cool‐season grass forage fields
Authors: Klimstra Ryan L. , Moorman Christopher E. , Converse Sarah J. , Royle J. Andrew , Harper Craig A.
Published: December 2014

Recent emphasis has been put on establishing native warm‐season grasses for forage production because it is thought native warm‐season grasses provide higher quality wildlife habitat than do non‐native cool‐season grasses. However, it is not clear whether native warm‐season grass fields provide better resources for small mammals than currently are available in non‐native cool‐season grass forage production fields. We developed a hierarchical spatially explicit capture–recapture model to compare abundance of hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), white‐footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), and house mice (Mus musculus) among 4 hayed non‐native cool‐season grass fields, 4 hayed native warm‐season grass fields, and 4 native warm‐season grass–forb (“wildlife”) fields managed for wildlife during 2 summer trapping periods in 2009 and 2010 of the western piedmont of North Carolina, USA. Cotton rat abundance estimates were greater in wildlife fields than in native warm‐season grass and non‐native cool‐season grass fields and greater in native warm‐season grass fields than in non‐native cool‐season grass fields. Abundances of white‐footed mouse and house mouse populations were lower in wildlife fields than in native warm‐season grass and non‐native cool‐season grass fields, but the abundances were not different between the native warm‐season grass and non‐native cool‐season grass fields. Lack of cover following haying in non‐native cool‐season grass and native warm‐season grass fields likely was the key factor limiting small mammal abundance, especially cotton rats, in forage fields. Retention of vegetation structure in managed forage production systems, either by alternately resting cool‐season and warm‐season grass forage fields or by leaving unharvested field borders, should provide refugia for small mammals during haying events. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Strategy based semantics for mobility with time and access permissions
Authors: Ciobanu Gabriel , Koutny Maciej , Steggles Jason
Published: December 2014

The process algebras Timed Mobility (TiMo) and its extension Permissions, Timers and Mobility (PerTiMo) were recently proposed to support engineering applications in distributed system design.TiMoprovides a formal framework in which process migration between distinct locations and timing constraints linked to local clocks can be modelled and analysed. This is extended inPerTiMoby associating access permissions to communication to model security aspects of a distributed system. In this paper we develop a new semantic model forTiMousing Rewriting Logic (RL) and strategies, with the aim of providing a foundation for tool support; in particular, strategies are used to capture the locally maximal concurrent step of aTiMospecification which previously required the use of action rules based on negative premises. This RL model is then extended with access permissions in order to develop a new semantic model forPerTiMo. These RL semantical models are formally proved to be sound and complete with respect to the original operational semantics on which they were based. We present examples of how the developed RL models forTiMoandPerTiMocan be implemented within the strategy-based rewriting systemElanand illustrate the range of (behavioural) properties that can be analysed using such a tool.
Hematopoietic cell transplantation does not prevent myelopathy in X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy: a retrospective study
Authors: van Geel Björn M. , Poll‐The Bwee Tien , Verrips Aad , Boelens Jaap‐Jan , Kemp Stephan , Engelen Marc
Published: December 2014

Background

X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD) is a peroxisomal metabolic disorder. Male patients develop adrenocortical insufficiency (80 % before 18 years), a chronic myelopathy (adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN); all in adulthood), or progressive cerebral demyelination (cerebral ALD; 40 % before 18 years). Cerebral ALD is treated with haematopoetic cell transplantation (HCT). It is unknown if AMN still develops in patients with X‐ALD that underwent HCT for cerebral ALD in childhood.

Patients and methods

A retrospective observational study was performed by selecting all adult patients with X‐ALD in our cohort that underwent HCT in childhood.

Results

This retrospective study found that three out of five patients in our cohort who underwent HCT in childhood developed signs of myelopathy in adulthood.

Conclusion

These data suggest that HCT for cerebral ALD in childhood does not prevent the onset of AMN in X‐ALD in adulthood.
How Can Psychological Science Inform Research About Genetic Counseling for Clinical Genomic Sequencing?
Authors: Khan Cynthia M. , Rini Christine , Bernhardt Barbara A. , Roberts J. Scott , Christensen Kurt D. , Evans James P. , Brothers Kyle B. , Roche Myra I. , Berg Jonathan S. , Henderson Gail E.
Published: December 2014

Next generation genomic sequencing technologies (including whole genome or whole exome sequencing) are being increasingly applied to clinical care. Yet, the breadth and complexity of sequencing information raise questions about how best to communicate and return sequencing information to patients and families in ways that facilitate comprehension and optimal health decisions. Obtaining answers to such questions will require multidisciplinary research. In this paper, we focus on how psychological science research can address questions related to clinical genomic sequencing by explaining emotional, cognitive, and behavioral processes in response to different types of genomic sequencing information (e.g., diagnostic results and incidental findings). We highlight examples of psychological science that can be applied to genetic counseling research to inform the following questions: (1) What factors influence patients’ and providers’ informational needs for developing an accurate understanding of what genomic sequencing results do and do not mean?; (2) How and by whom should genomic sequencing results be communicated to patients and their family members?; and (3) How do patients and their families respond to uncertainties related to genomic information?
Interplay Between Melt Flow and the 3D Distribution and Morphology of Fe-Rich Phases in AlSi Alloys
Authors: Mikolajczak Piotr , Ratke Lorenz
Published: December 2014

The presence of Fe aids in establishing the mechanical and physical properties of AlSi alloys and is also one of the main impurities leading to formation of β-Al5FeSi intermetallics. This study aims to understand the effect of fluid flow on the dendritic microstructure with intermetallics in Al-5/7/9 wt pct Si-0.2/0.5/1.0 wt pct Fe alloys that are directionally solidified under defined thermal and fluid flow conditions. We made extensive use of 3D X-ray tomography to obtain a better insight into the morphology and formation of the intermetallics. Three-dimensional (3-D) distribution of intermetallics presented here shows that the growth of large β-Al5FeSi due to forced flow occurs in the eutectic specimen center and together with an increase in the number density of β precipitates. The 3D reconstructions have verified the β shaped to be curved, bent with twining, branched, and to have imprints, holes, and propeller-shaped platelets. The 3D views showed that hole-shaped β arose from the lateral growth around α-Al dendrites. These views also confirmed the phenomenon of shortening of β as an effect of flow in the dendritic region, where β could be fragmented or completely remelted, and ultimately resulting in microstructures with shorter β-Al5FeSi and increases in number density. The analysis revealed an interaction between melt flow, 3D distribution, and the morphology of β-Al5FeSi. The growth of a large and complex group of β intermetallics can reduce the melt flow between dendrites and strengthen pore nucleation and eutectic colonies nucleation, leading to lower permeability of the mushy zone and increased porosity in the castings.
Lactoferrin induced neuronal differentiation: A boon for brain tumours
Authors: Sriramoju Bhasker , Kanwar Rupinder K. , Kanwar Jagat R.
Published: December 2014

The cumulative treatments of bovine lactoferrin (bLf) and iron saturated lactoferrin (Fe‐bLf) in the neuroblastoma cells showed neuronal differentiating actions evident with the expression of specific differentiating markers, β‐tubulin III and neurofilaments. The protein treatments also showed lowered endogenous survivin that is responsible for cell proliferation and the miRNA 584 and miRNA214‐3p, required for differentiation. Further, bLf adopted the PI3K signalling predominantly, while Fe‐bLf involved both the PI3K and ERK signalling for inducing differentiation. In conclusion, this is the first study to report the neuronal differentiating effects of milk proteins and future studies are warranted for clinical application.
Dimensional structure of bodily panic attack symptoms and their specific connections to panic cognitions, anxiety sensitivity and claustrophobic fears
Authors: Drenckhan I. , Glöckner-Rist A. , Rist F. , Richter J. , Gloster A. T. , Fehm L. , Lang T. , Alpers G. W. , Hamm A. O. , Fydrich T. , Kircher T. , Arolt V. , Deckert J. , Ströhle A. , Wittchen H.-U. , Gerlach A. L.
Published: December 2014

Background.

Previous studies of the dimensional structure of panic attack symptoms have mostly identified a respiratory and a vestibular/mixed somatic dimension. Evidence for additional dimensions such as a cardiac dimension and the allocation of several of the panic attack symptom criteria is less consistent. Clarifying the dimensional structure of the panic attack symptoms should help to specify the relationship of potential risk factors like anxiety sensitivity and fear of suffocation to the experience of panic attacks and the development of panic disorder.

Method.

In an outpatient multicentre study 350 panic patients with agoraphobia rated the intensity of each of the ten DSM-IV bodily symptoms during a typical panic attack. The factor structure of these data was investigated with nonlinear confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The identified bodily symptom dimensions were related to panic cognitions, anxiety sensitivity and fear of suffocation by means of nonlinear structural equation modelling (SEM).

Results.

CFA indicated a respiratory, a vestibular/mixed somatic and a cardiac dimension of the bodily symptom criteria. These three factors were differentially associated with specific panic cognitions, different anxiety sensitivity facets and suffocation fear.

Conclusions.

Taking into account the dimensional structure of panic attack symptoms may help to increase the specificity of the associations between the experience of panic attack symptoms and various panic related constructs.
The city of Athens
Authors: Pitt Robert
Published: December 2014

Archaeological data from the city of Athens entered into Archaeology in Greece Online this year are derived from recent work announced in the press or unpublished field reports and from the latest Archaiologikon Deltion, covering work in 2005. The difficulty of bridging this gap of almost a decade is eased greatly by the publication of a series of lectures held at the Museum of Cycladic Art in Athens by members of the Ephoreias of Athens and Attica, covering in a much more detailed way than ADelt allows many important excavations and research projects. The support of the Goulandris and Latsis Foundations, both in organizing the lectures and in publishing them in timely fashion and at very low cost (€10 per volume), is to be applauded (M. Dogka-Toli and S. Oikonomidou (eds), Αρχαιολογικές συμβολές. A: Αττική – ΚΣΤ’ και Β’Εφορείες Προïστορικών & Κλασικών Αρχαιοτήτων and Β: Αττική – Α’ και Γ’ Εφορείες Προïστορικών & Κλασικών Αρχαιοτήτων, Athens 2013). Further information, images and bibliography for the following summary can be found by searching the given ID numbers at AGOnline:www.chronique.efa.gr.
The Classical naval installations in the Piraeus
Authors: Papadopoulou Chryssanthi
Published: December 2014

In his recent book The Ancient Harbours of the Piraeus I.1, Bjorn Lovén notes that archaeological investigation of the Classical naval installations in the Piraeus goes back almost as far as the discipline of archaeology in the modern Greek state (Lovén 2011: 15). This enduring archaeological interest in the Piraeus installations is not some ungrounded fascination, but rests on the importance of these facilities not only for the Piraeus, but for the whole of Classical Athens. The commission of these installations was an integral part of a Classical building programme that saw the construction of triremes and the fortification of the Piraeus peninsula. As Vincent Gabrielsen (2007: 256–57) has shown, the building of warships is not necessarily synonymous with the construction of a navy. The latter implies the centralization of war reserves by the city-state and the provision of infrastructure (naval facilities and walls to protect both these facilities and the ships stationed in them), and it would be essential for the state to maintain and operate these resources. Investigations of the Piraeus shipsheds therefore shed light not only on the size of Athenian triremes, but also on the overall planning and works undertaken by the Athenian state in Classical times, in order to command and sustain a large navy.