bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of children and adolescents with recurrent mental health emergency visits and clinicians' intervention tendencies
Authors: Karakus Oguz Bilal , Gamli Ipek Suzer , Yasoz Cemre , Yildirim Irem , Adak Ibrahim
Published: October 2024

Aim

Mental disorders affect approximately 15%–20% of childhood. However, due to various factors, these individuals do not benefit sufficiently from mental health services. Therefore, psychiatry emergency services become a key system in the need of psychiatric care for these children. This study aims to reveal the factors that predict recurrent admissions in children and adolescents admitted to the emergency department of a psychiatric hospital and the tendencies of clinicians during management.

Methods

In our study, the data of patients aged 0–18 years who applied to the emergency department between 1 March 2022 and 01 March 2023 were scanned retrospectively. Participants who applied once were included in the ‘single applicant’ group, whereas patients who applied two or more times were included in the ‘repeated applicants’ group.

Results

A total of 1563 emergency applications were recorded by 785 different patients. A total of 62.2% of the patients visited the emergency department once, while 37.8% applied two or more times. Non‐suicidal self‐injury, delusion/hallucination, irritability and depression were significantly higher in recurrent applicants (P < 0.05). Psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression and borderline personality traits were significantly frequent in these patients (P < 0.05). Additionally, it was determined that the number of psychiatric diagnoses, referral time, need for chemical restraint, having a diagnosis of psychotic disorder or borderline personality traits increased the likelihood of recurrence.

Conclusions

Our results indicate some special risk factors that increase the likelihood of recurrent emergency admissions in children and adolescents. Further research with larger sample sizes may elucidate the unique needs of these children in order to use of community resources beneficially.
Health disparities in service delivery in the intensive care unit: A critical ethnographic study
Authors: Yarahmadi Sajad , Soleimani Mohsen , Gholami Mohammad , Fakhr‐Movahedi Ali , Madani Seyed Mohsen Saeidi
Published: October 2024

Background

The intensive care unit has structural complexities, and critically ill patients are exposed to disparities. Thus, the intensive care unit can be a potential health disparity setting.

Aim

This study explored cultural knowledge associated with health disparities in the intensive care unit.

Study Design

This critical ethnographic study was conducted using Carspecken's approach. It was carried out in intensive care units in Western Iran from 2022 to 2023. Data collection and analysis were conducted in three interconnected stages. The initial stage involved over 300 h of field observation. In the subsequent stage, a horizon analysis was performed. Conversations with 17 informants were recorded in the final stage to enrich the dataset further. Then, the analysis process was carried out as in the previous step to uncover an implicit culture of health disparity.

Results

This research revealed the following themes: (a) extension of the impact of political, social, and cultural powers, (b) being influenced by individual diversity, (c) balancing services based on the consideration of benefits and consequences, (d) departure from professional behaviour and (e) insufficient organizational discipline.

Conclusions

The findings of this study showed that individual diversity, political, social and cultural powers within a context of insufficient organizational discipline, and departure from professional behaviour influence the service delivery culture in the intensive care unit. Moreover, the benefits and consequences of service delivery impact its execution. These stereotypes have the potential to contribute to the emergence of health disparities. Cultural transformation is challenging because of deep‐rooted stereotypes, but the reduction of disparities is possible through awareness, critical self‐reflection and cultural competence.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The findings of this research can prompt staff self‐reflection in situations prone to disparities. Health leaders can use these findings to shape health policies at both macro and micro levels.
Practices and Perception of Paediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Orthodontists and Paediatric Dentists in Brazil: A Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Fagundes Nathalia Carolina Fernandes , da Rosa Moreira Bastos Renata Travassos , Perez Arnaldo , Flores‐Mir Carlos , Normando David
Published: October 2024

Objectives

To explore orthodontists' (OTs) and paediatric dentists' (PDs) practices and perceptions regarding the screening and management of paediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods

This explanatory sequential mixed methods design included OTs and PDs with active clinical practice in Brazil and encompassed a quantitative phase followed by a qualitative phase. In the quantitative phase, a survey assessing OSA screening and management practices was administered to OTs and PDs practicing in Brazil. Information‐rich OTs and PDs were interviewed in the qualitative phase. Descriptive statistics and the chi‐square test were used to analyse the survey data, while inductive content analysis was applied to the interview data. The results from both phases were integrated and reported narratively.

Results

Three hundred eighty‐one OTs and PDs completed the survey, and ten of them were interviewed. Nearly half of OTs and PDs administered sleep questionnaires and demonstrated some knowledge about paediatric OSA signs and symptoms. PDs and OTs primarily offered rapid maxillary expansion and functional mandibular advancement for managing selected children with OSA, with OTs being more frequently involved in this task than PDs. OTs and PDs identified several barriers and expressed the need for support regarding access to reliable screening tools and interprofessional care.

Conclusion

Brazilian OTs and PDs were aware of the main signs and symptoms of paediatric OSA and were somewhat involved in offering oral appliance management options. To further define the role of these professionals, increasing support for dental professionals in OSA management and updating existing clinical guidelines is warranted.
Impact of Climate Change Education on Pregnant Women's Anxiety and Awareness
Authors: Kaya Leyla , Keles Esra , Baydili Kürşad Nuri , Kaya Zahide , Kumru Pınar
Published: October 2024

Objective

To evaluate the impact of climate change education on pregnant women's climate change awareness and anxiety.

Study Design

Quasi‐experimental research with pre‐ and post‐test design.

Methods

This study was conducted among pregnant women who visited a tertiary maternity hospital between April and June 2023 to assess climate change awareness, perception, knowledge, behavioral and policy expectations, and anxiety before and after the introduction of climate change education. The first phase of the study was conducted by distributing a set of questions related to sociodemographics and completing the Climate Change Awareness Scale and the Climate Change Worry Scale, followed by climate change education where pregnant women were exposed to a brochure entitled “Pregnancy and Climate Change”. After the intervention, pregnant women were assessed using the same questionnaire.

Results

There was a significant decrease in pregnant women's anxiety regarding climate change (p < 0.001). Participants' awareness (p < 0.001), perception (p < 0.001), knowledge (p < 0.001), and policy expectations regarding climate change significantly increased (p < 0.001), while their anxiety levels decreased (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The study suggests that climate change education may reduce climate change anxiety among pregnant women while also enhancing their awareness, and improving their perceptions, knowledge, behaviors, and policy expectations about climate change.
Effect of treatment frequency on the efficacy of superhydrophobic antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of periodontitis in a wistar rat model
Authors: Coradi Tonon Caroline , de Souza Rastelli Alessandra Nara , Bodahandi Chathuna , Ashraf Shoaib , Hasan Tayyaba , Xu QianFeng , Greer Alexander , Lyons Alan M.
Published: October 2024

Superhydrophobic antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (SH‐aPDT) is advantageous wherein airborne singlet oxygen (1O2) is delivered from a device tip to kill a biofilm with no photosensitizer exposure and no bacterial selectivity (Gram + or Gram −). For effective treatment of periodontitis, the frequency of treatment as well as the optical light fluence required is not known. Thus, we sought to determine whether single or repeated SH‐aPDT treatments would work best in vivo using two fluence values: 60 and 125 J/cm2. We assessed the efficacy of three protocols: single treatment; interval treatments (days 0, 2, and 7); and consecutive treatments (days 0, 1, and 2). After 30 days of evaluation, we found that, SH‐aPDT in 3 consecutive treatments significantly decreased Porphyromonas gingivalis levels compared to single and interval SH‐aPDT treatments, as well as SRP‐chlorhexidine (CHX) controls (p < 0.05). Notably, clinical parameters also improved (p < 0.05), and histological and stereometric analyses revealed that consecutive SH‐aPDT treatments were the most effective for promoting healing and reducing inflammation. Our study shows what works best for SH‐aPDT, while also demonstrating SH‐aPDT advantages to treatment of periodontitis including no bacterial selectivity (Gram + or Gram −) and preventing the development of bacterial resistance.
Prodrugs of paclitaxel improve in situ photo‐vaccination
Authors: Giram Prabhanjan , Bist Ganesh , Woo Sukyung , Wohlfert Elizabeth , Pili Roberto , You Youngjae
Published: October 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) effectively kills cancer cells and initiates immune responses that promote anticancer effects locally and systemically. Primarily developed for local and regional cancers, the potential of PDT for systemic antitumor effects [in situ photo‐vaccination (ISPV)] remains underexplored. This study investigates: (1) the comparative effectiveness of paclitaxel (PTX) prodrug [Pc‐(L‐PTX)2] for PDT and site‐specific PTX effects versus its pseudo‐prodrug [Pc‐(NCL‐PTX)2] for PDT combined with checkpoint inhibitors; (2) mechanisms driving systemic antitumor effects; and (3) the prophylactic impact on preventing cancer recurrence. A bilateral tumor model was established in BALB/c mice through subcutaneous injection of CT26 cells. Mice received the PTX prodrug (0.5 μmole kg−1, i.v.), and tumors were treated with a 690‐nm laser (75 mW cm−2 for 30 min, drug‐light interval 0.5 h, light does 135 J cm−1), followed by anti‐CTLA‐4 (100 μg dose−1, i.p.) on days 1, 4, and 7. Notable enhancement in both local and systemic antitumor effectiveness was observed with [Pc‐(L‐PTX)2] compared to [Pc‐(NCL‐PTX)2] with checkpoint inhibitor. Immune cell depletion and immunohistochemistry confirmed neutrophils and CD8+ T cells are effectors for systemic antitumor effects. Treatment‐induced immune memory resisted newly rechallenged CT26, showcasing prophylactic benefits. ISPV with a PTX prodrug and anti‐CTLA‐4 is a promising approach for treating metastatic cancers and preventing recurrence.
Culture, self, and politics: The effect of interdependent self‐construal on system justification
Authors: Li Wenqi , Tian Yuxin
Published: October 2024

The tendency of individuals to either justify or challenge the existing social and political system has significant practical implications. This research integrates system justification theory with a cross‐cultural perspective to examine the impact and underlying mechanisms of interdependent self‐construal on system justification. Studies 1a (N = 201) and 1b (N = 205) demonstrated that interdependent self‐construal correlated with higher system justification among both American and Chinese participants. Study 2 (N = 500) and Study 3 (N = 983) found that manipulation of an interdependent view of self‐construal led to stronger system justification tendencies, and this effect was explained by an increased focus on collectivist values and respect for authority. Studies 4a (N = 278) and 4b (N = 836) further illustrated that the positive relationship between interdependent self‐construal and system justification remained consistent even in low social mobility contexts. Taken together, the current research provides valuable insights into the cross‐country differences in system justification and highlights the importance of incorporating cultural factors in future studies on system justification.
Using interpolation in Grade 5 to solve a mystery
Authors: Watson Jane , Fitzallen Noleine
Published: October 2024

The practice of statistics has the power to motivate and support learning across the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) disciplines. When connected with meaningful science contexts, statistical problem solving through the collection of data and subsequent data analysis, supported by contemporary graphing technology, presents opportunities to be innovative and creative in the delivery of learning across STEM curricula. Illustrated in this paper are the statistical outcomes associated with Grade 5 students, who were set the task of solving a mystery about an unknown concentration of a liquid through interpolation of data, which is seen here as finding a missing value in a dataset of two numerical variables where a relationship in the two variables can be represented in a bivariate graph.
Theoretical modeling and parameter identification of balanced armature loudspeakers
Authors: Liu Wei , Huang Jie , Cheng Jiazheng , Shen Yong
Published: October 2024

Theoretical modeling and parameter identification are essential for optimizing loudspeaker performance and enabling active control. Although relevant theories for moving-coil loudspeakers are well-developed, accurate theoretical modeling and parameter identification methods for balanced armature loudspeakers (BALs) are scant. This study proposes a model using the equivalent circuit method (ECM) for BALs, with consideration of the armature-suspension coupling as well as the non-piston vibration of the diaphragm. Based on the proposed ECM model, a time-domain identification algorithm utilizing measured voltage, current, and displacement data is established to identify the necessary parameters. Employing the theoretical model and proposed identification method, the model parameters of two different BALs are measured. Comparisons between experimental and numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model and identification method in predicting impedance, displacement, and sound pressure responses.
Practical considerations for assessing crew noise exposure in armored vehicles
Authors: van Besouw Rachel M. , Evans Laurence C. , Service Neil D. , Greenough John , St. Hellen Silvren , Snow Malcolm R.
Published: October 2024

Measurement and analysis of the continuous and intermittent noise produced by armored vehicle (AV) platforms, including the output from communications systems as experienced by crew, are necessary for the purposes of exposure prediction, to support the selection of hearing protection and communication devices, and to facilitate assessments of compliance with occupational health and safety legislation. Practical estimation of the personal noise exposure of AV crews requires the assessment of the vehicle, communications and special-to-role activity noise sources, and an understanding of how these sources combine. Procedures are described that consider instrumentation requirements, AV configuration and build standard, operating conditions representative of actual use, the application of speed thresholding to measurements, and derivation of communications noise levels. Real-world examples are given where these procedures have been applied to an in-service tracked AV to estimate crew noise exposure. The procedures and methods presented are a compromise between precision, repeatability, reproducibility, and pragmatism. Measurements of AV noise are expected to be obtained during the commissioning stage of vehicle design, immediately prior to the vehicle being put into operational service and following any major modifications to the vehicle to inform the necessary engineering, administrative, and personal protective equipment control measures.
Temporal variability and cell mechanics control robustness in mammalian embryogenesis
Authors: Fabrèges Dimitri , Corominas-Murtra Bernat , Moghe Prachiti , Kickuth Alison , Ichikawa Takafumi , Iwatani Chizuru , Tsukiyama Tomoyuki , Daniel Nathalie , Gering Julie , Stokkermans Anniek , Wolny Adrian , Kreshuk Anna , Duranthon Véronique , Uhlman Virginie , Hannezo Edouard , Hiiragi Takashi
Published: October 2024

How living systems achieve precision in form and function despite their intrinsic stochasticity is a fundamental yet ongoing question in biology. We generated morphomaps of preimplantation embryogenesis in mouse, rabbit, and monkey embryos, and these morphomaps revealed that although blastomere divisions desynchronized passively, 8-cell embryos converged toward robust three-dimensional shapes. Using topological analysis and genetic perturbations, we found that embryos progressively changed their cellular connectivity to a preferred topology, which could be predicted by a physical model in which actomyosin contractility and noise facilitate topological transitions, lowering surface energy. This mechanism favored regular embryo packing and promoted a higher number of inner cells in the 16-cell embryo. Synchronized division reduced embryo packing and generated substantially more misallocated cells and fewer inner-cell–mass cells. These findings suggest that stochasticity in division timing contributes to robust patterning.
Ecological speciation in Darwin’s finches: Ghosts of finches future
Authors: Podos Jeffrey , Schroeder Katie M.
Published: October 2024

The theory of ecological speciation posits that adaptive divergence among incipient species raises incidental barriers to reproduction, thus catalyzing the emergence of new species. In this study, we conducted an experimental test of this theory in Galápagos finches, a clade in which beaks and mating songs are mechanistically linked. We forecasted the acoustic structure of songs for a set of possible evolutionary futures (successive droughts spurring increasingly large beaks) and, in a field assay, presented resulting song simulations to territorial males. We found that responses to songs dropped off after six simulated drought events, to degrees roughly comparable to drops in response to songs that diverged through cultural drift and acoustic adaptation. Our results support, in Darwin’s finches, the feasibility and mechanistic bases of an ecological speciation hypothesis.
Unexpected westward range shifts in European forest plants link to nitrogen deposition
Authors: Sanczuk Pieter , Verheyen Kris , Lenoir Jonathan , Zellweger Florian , Lembrechts Jonas J. , Rodríguez-Sánchez Francisco , Baeten Lander , Bernhardt-Römermann Markus , De Pauw Karen , Vangansbeke Pieter , Perring Michael P. , Berki Imre , Bjorkman Anne D. , Brunet Jörg , Chudomelová Markéta , De Lombaerde Emiel , Decocq Guillaume , Dirnböck Thomas , Durak Tomasz , Greiser Caroline , Hédl Radim , Heinken Thilo , Jandt Ute , Jaroszewicz Bogdan , Kopecký Martin , Landuyt Dries , Macek Martin , Máliš František , Naaf Tobias , Nagel Thomas A. , Petřík Petr , Reczyńska Kamila , Schmidt Wolfgang , Standovár Tibor , Staude Ingmar R. , Świerkosz Krzysztof , Teleki Balázs , Vanneste Thomas , Vild Ondrej , Waller Donald , De Frenne Pieter
Published: October 2024

Climate change is commonly assumed to induce species’ range shifts toward the poles. Yet, other environmental changes may affect the geographical distribution of species in unexpected ways. Here, we quantify multidecadal shifts in the distribution of European forest plants and link these shifts to key drivers of forest biodiversity change: climate change, atmospheric deposition (nitrogen and sulfur), and forest canopy dynamics. Surprisingly, westward distribution shifts were 2.6 times more likely than northward ones. Not climate change, but nitrogen-mediated colonization events, possibly facilitated by the recovery from past acidifying deposition, best explain westward movements. Biodiversity redistribution patterns appear complex and are more likely driven by the interplay among several environmental changes than due to the exclusive effects of climate change alone.
Graphene, beyond lab benches
Authors: Zhao Yixuan , Lin Li
Published: October 2024

Twenty years since its discovery, the journey to reach graphene’s true potential is still underway
In Science Journals
Authors: Szuromi Phil , Yeston Jake S. , Olingy Claire , Funk Michael A. , Lopez Bianca , Ash Caroline , Vignieri Sacha , Ferrarelli Leslie K. , Jin Sumin , Smith Jesse , Jiang Di , Kelly Priscilla N. , Hurtley Stella M. , Maroso Mattia , Malo Courtney
Published: October 2024

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
Duo honored for tiny RNAs key to development and disease
Authors: Offord Catherine
Published: October 2024

Probes of abnormal worm development led to discovery of microRNAs and their role in gene expression
Supplemental Material: Geochemical evidence for terrigenous sediment recycling in the Late Permian subcontinental lithospheric mantle of the northern North China Craton
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Dai Li-Qun , al. et
Published: October 2024

Supplemental figures and data.
Investigate of thermodynamic behavior of magnetized two-flavor quark-gluon plasma
Authors: Wang Lian-bo , Zhu Chun-jiao , Li Jian-feng
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we extend the self-consistent quasi-particle model proposed by Zong et al. [Phys. Lett. B 711, 65 (2012)] to the case of finite magnetic field. The vacuum infinity zero-point energy is successfully eliminated by introducing a classical thermo-magnetic background field [Formula: see text] in the effective Lagrangian based on Zong’s method. By considering relativistic Landau energy levels, we have applied the improved quasi-particle model to the case of a two-flavor quark gluon plasma. We obtain a finite partition function and calculate the energy density, pressure and entropy density at zero chemical potential. These results are qualitatively consistent with the results of previous literature works.
Modular A4 symmetry with three moduli and flavor problem
Authors: Abbas Mohammed , Khalil Shaaban
Published: October 2024

The modular [Formula: see text] symmetry with three moduli is investigated. We assign different moduli to charged leptons, neutrinos, and quarks. We analyze these moduli at their fixed points where a residual symmetry exists. We consider two possibilities for right-handed neutrinos. First, they are assumed to be singlets under the modular symmetry. In this case, we show that the lepton masses and mixing can be obtained consistently with experimental observations. Second, they are assigned nontrivially under modular symmetry. We emphasize that a small deviation from their fixed point is required in this case. Finally, the quark masses and mixing are generated correctly around the fixed point of their modulus. In our analysis, we only consider the simple case of weight 2.
NHPP-Based Testing Coverage model with Fault Removal Efficiency and Error Generation
Authors: Iqbal Javaid , Nazir Rabia , Rasool Tariq
Published: October 2024

This paper introduces an innovative approach aimed at enhancing software reliability by integrating testing coverage within a nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP). The reliability of software holds paramount significance for both developers and users, hinging on precise reliability estimations. In this paper, three real-world datasets are used to examine goodness-of-fit of the proposed model and the performance is compared with 11 other existing NHPP models. The performance of all the models is evaluated using five goodness-of-fit criteria including mean square error (MSE), Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), predictive risk ratio (PRR) and Pham’s criterion (PC). The results reveal that, when it comes to predictive power and goodness-of-fit, our proposed model surpasses the other models.
Reliability Evaluation of Folding Wing System with Lubricated Joint Clearances Considering Multiple Reliability Indicators
Authors: Zhao Zhiqiang , Xie Liyang , Zhao Bingfeng , Wang Lei
Published: October 2024

The folding wing system is an important part of a flying vehicle. In this study, the dynamic of the folding wing mechanism under the condition of lubricated joint clearances is modeled and solved to obtain the main wing deployment time. The reliability model of a complex system containing multiple reliability indicators is established, and a reliability assessment method is proposed for this reliability model. In the proposed method, the cumulative distribution function of the component under multiple reliability indicators is first solved by the fractional moment maximum entropy method. Then the probability density function expression of the system is constructed based on the D-vine Copula method. Finally, the reliability value is solved by numerical integration. The whole process is calculated using the Sobol point set. Three examples are used to verify not only the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method but also its high applicability and robustness. The above study can provide technical support and reference for the safety design and reliability assessment of similar mechanisms or structural systems.
Low-Frequency Noise in Downscaled Silicon Transistors — Trends and Unsolved Issues∗
Authors: Elamien M. Balla , Deen M. Jamal
Published: October 2024

The low-frequency noise (LFN) in downscaled silicon transistors has become prominently large, and it occurs as a limiting factor for diverse applications. Considerable interest is paid to the “slow” (as compared to the operating frequency of the devices) noise. Therefore, we address the trends for LFN from an extensive analysis of data from many publications over a very long period. The impact of LFN on high-frequency device performance, the penalties associated with using composite materials, and unsolved issues are also discussed.
Conway’s law, revised from a mathematical viewpoint
Authors: Matsutani Shigeki , Ohmori Shousuke , Hiranabe Kenji , Hanyuda Eiichi
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we revise Conway’s law from a mathematical point of view. We model it more mathematically by introducing several mathematical tools. By introducing a task graph, we first rigorously state Conway’s law based on the homomorphisms in graph theory for the software system and the organizations that created it. Although Conway did not mention it, the task graph shows the geometric structure of tasks, which plays a crucial role. However, the model in terms of homomorphism is not sufficient for recent requirements for high-level treatment of communication (from security, knowledge hiding, etc.) in organizations and hierarchical treatment of organizations. In order to reformulate it for the requirement, we introduce mathematical tools, weakened homomorphisms and graph topology. Then we provide a novel mathematical model of Conway’s law with hierarchical and complicated structures along the line of the recent requirement.
Impact of State of Health (SOH) on the Thermal Safety of Lithium Ion Cells for Long 1st Life and 2nd Life Applications
Authors: Timke Bennet , Winter Martin , Niehoff Philip
Published: October 2024

Lithium ion battery (LIB) safety incidents can be a threat for people and the environment. Since today, only safety tests on fresh cells are decisive for safety level determination, the effect of long-term operation on their safety characteristics needs to be addressed. A large loss of lithium over long periods of time could, for example, result in reduced structural and thermal stability of the cathode. LIBs are normally used until they reach an end-of-life criterion of typically 70%–80% state of health (SOH). However, they can be reused in second-life applications such as stationary (“grid”) energy storage, afterwards. To ensure safety during long first life and second-life, in this study the influence of aging was investigated over a higher cycle number and a longer time period than ever before. 5 Ah LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2(NMC622)||graphite (G) pouch cells were aged at 20 °C between 530 and 3,806 cycles (151–615 d of continuous cycling). SOHs between 91% and 63% were obtained. After aging, the thermal properties of the cells were investigated by heat-wait-search experiments under adiabatic conditions using an accelerating rate calorimeter. The cells showed almost exclusively improvements in their safety characteristics, the thermal runaway even tended to be shifted to higher temperatures.
The Importance of the Formulation in the Treatment of Psoriasis: The Case of Calcipotriol/Betamethasone
Authors: Puig Lluís , Pérez-Hernández M.
Published: October 2024

Psoriasis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disease impacting 1 to 3% of the general population in the Western World. Topical therapies are the most often used treatment in psoriasis, frequently as ancillary treatments to traditional systemic or biologic treatments in individuals with severe disease. Topical therapy with fixed‐dose combination of a vitamin D analogue (calcipotriol (Cal)) and corticosteroid (betamethasone dipropionate (BD)) has been recommended as first‐line topical treatment, and its efficacy and safety are supported by an increasing body of evidence. Ointment, gel, cream, and foam are the four distinct formulations of fixed‐dose Cal/BD combination that have been authorized for the treatment of psoriasis. Several studies have compared these formulations in terms of efficacy, safety, and patients’ satisfaction. The objective of this study is to review all the comparative studies performed in patients with psoriasis of the Cal/BD foam formulation with respect to other topical treatments containing Cal and BD, either individually or in combination. The results of the studies published on this topic have shown that Cal/BD foam is more efficacious than both individual Cal/BD and Cal/BD ointment, gel, and cream. The safety profile, QoL, patient satisfaction, and cost‐effectiveness were also higher for the Cal/BD foam formulation in different studies. Although more real‐world clinical experience is required to validate the available data, Cal/BD foam may be the treatment of choice for both flare management and proactive maintenance treatment of psoriasis.
Advanced Breast Cancer Diagnostics With PolyBreastVit: A Combined PolyNet and Vision Transformer Approach
Authors: Annepu Visalakshi , Abbas Mohamed , Bitra Hanumatha Rao , Vaegae Naveen Kumar , Bagadi Kalapraveen
Published: October 2024

Breast cancer continues to be an important health issue around the world, with timely screening being important in improving survival and therapy. Here is a presentation of PolyBreastVit, a novel hybrid deep learning (DL) model for the automatic detection and classification of breast cancer in ultrasound images that combines PolyNet with Vision Transformer (ViT). The above model is trained and validated on a dataset of 880 high‐definition images collected from 500 female subjects aged between 25 and 75 years on three classes: benign, malignant, and normal. For the enhancement of the proposed model’s accuracy, thorough data augmentation and preprocessing have been performed. The performance of PolyBreastVit is evaluated against several well‐known DL models such as VGG‐16, Inception V3, and ResNet‐50 using accuracy, precision, recall, F1, AUC, and other standard metrics. These findings support the evidence that PolyBreastVit manages to outperform those classical models in the task of breast cancer classification in every aspect. This paper presents the latest development of breast cancer diagnostic tools through medical imaging incorporating convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transformer models for radiologists.
Profiling and Prioritizing Climate‐Smart Aquaculture Technologies, Innovations, and Management Practices in Kenya
Authors: Obiero Kevin , Ogello Erick , Munguti Jonathan , Mboya Jimmy , Kyule Domitila , Opiyo Mary , Githukia Cecilia , Ouko Kevin , Kembenya Elijah , Abwao Jacob , Matolla Geraldine , Ani Josiah , Sambu Saitoti , Cheserek Maureen , Ngeno Kiplangat , Khobondo Joel , Meenakshisundaram Menaga , Tanga Chrysantus , Yossa Rodrigue
Published: October 2024

Climate‐smart agriculture (CSA) has been promoted in Kenya as a panacea for climate change impacts on agricultural productivity. Consequently, various climate‐smart aquaculture technologies, innovations, and management practices (CSA‐TIMPs) have been developed, validated, and adopted through the Kenya Climate‐Smart Agriculture Project (KCSAP). Nevertheless, there has been no evaluation of the climate‐smartness of the CSA‐TIMPs for priority setting. In this study, we evaluated and ranked the CSA‐TIMPs using a modified Climate‐smart Agriculture Prioritization Framework (CSA‐PF). The prioritization process included multistakeholder validation workshops involving researchers, fisheries officers, farmers, traders, and policy makers. The climate‐smartness scores of the CSA‐TIMPs were given based on the CSA pillars (i.e., adaptation, mitigation, and productivity) under various climate‐smartness indicators, with a score ranging from −10 (for a negative impact) to +10 (for a positive impact). This resulted in the identification and documentation of forty (40) CSA‐TIMPs. Climate‐smartness scores varied from 3.8 to 6.1, with higher values indicating strong synergies between the CSA pillars, with productivity having the highest average score of 6.4. The top 5 list of CSA‐TIMPs with the best synergies among the CSA pillars was then developed for prioritization. Adoption of these CSA‐TIMPs would be instrumental in achieving the CSA triple wins, especially in improving aquaculture productivity. Therefore, sustained efforts in stakeholder engagement, capacity building, and policy support are essential to ensure the successful adoption of CSA‐TIMPs in Kenya. A dynamic approach that includes continuous validation, comprehensive monitoring and evaluation, and an enabling environment for adoption will be key to achieving sustainable and scalable impacts.
Effect of Estrogen Receptor on the Relationship Between HER2 Immunohistochemistry Score and Pathological Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Treatment in HER2‐Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Jia Miaomiao , Yang Haibo , Pan Lihui , Gao Jinnan , Guo Fan
Published: October 2024

Purpose: We aimed to investigate whether estrogen receptor (ER) status affects the predictive role of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) score on the efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment for HER2‐positive breast cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study comprised 167 individuals diagnosed with HER2‐positive invasive breast cancer who had undergone neoadjuvant treatment and surgery. Uni‐ and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed on the relationship between the HER2 IHC score and total pathological complete response (tpCR), breast pathological complete response (bpCR), or axillary partial response (apCR). Subgroup analyses were used to investigate whether the relationship between the HER2 IHC score and tpCR, bpCR, or apCR differed by ER or PR status.

Results: The overall tpCR rate for HER2‐positive breast cancers treated with neoadjuvant treatment was 41.32% (69 of 167). The tpCR, bpCR, and apCR rates were greater in the HER2 IHC 3+ group (tpCR: IHC 3 + 47.69% vs. IHC 2 + 18.92%, p = 0.009). Significant interactions between HER2 IHC score and tpCR or bpCR were found in subgroup analyses based on ER status (tpCR: p for interaction = 0.001; bpCR: p for interaction = 0.001). Among ER‐positive patients, the HER2 IHC 2+ group had substantially decreased tpCR, bpCR, and apCR rates than the HER2 IHC 3+ group (tpCR rate: p = 0.003; bpCR rate: p = 0.002; apCR rate: p = 0.002). For ER‐negative individuals, the tpCR, bpCR, and apCR rates did not differ significantly among the HER2 IHC 3+ versus HER2 IHC 2+ groups. Similarly, interactions between HER2 IHC score and tpCR, bpCR, or apCR were found in subgroup analyses based on PR status.

Conclusion: HER2 IHC 2+ may indicate a decreased tpCR rate, bpCR rate, and apCR rate to neoadjuvant treatment in HR‐positive patients having HER2‐positive breast cancer, but not in HR‐negative patients.
Evolutionary Game Analysis of Labor Education and Training in Enterprises: Considering the Influence of Key Factors
Authors: Li Yang , Fu Lin
Published: October 2024

Implementing effective human resource training and optimizing resource utilization efficiency poses a challenge that enterprises must address. This study aims to analyze the strategies employed by enterprises and employee groups in employee training. Drawing on concepts from evolutionary game theory, we investigate the cooperative evolutionary strategy embraced by both parties in employee training and evaluate various contributing factors. The findings reveal the following key insights. (1) Decision‐making behavior of the enterprise and employee group is highly contingent upon their respective income growth rates. (2) The decisions made by the enterprise significantly influence the long‐term strategic choices of both parties. (3) The equilibrium strategy adopted by both parties hinges on a trade‐off analysis of cost, expense, and benefit. As these three factors progressively increase, the equilibrium strategy of both parties tends toward a (Random, Negative) approach. Conversely, the parties are more inclined toward a combination of (Stabilization, Positive) strategies when the benefits of skill dissemination augment. This study offers innovations by examining evolutionary trends in game dynamics between enterprises and employee groups during training and analyzing how various factors impact decision‐making strategies on both sides.
Supplementary Fig S4 from Memory-like Differentiation Enhances NK Cell Responses to Melanoma
Authors: Marin Nancy D. , Krasnick Bradley A. , Becker-Hapak Michelle , Conant Leah , Goedegebuure Simon P. , Berrien-Elliott Melissa M. , Robbins Keenan J. , Foltz Jennifer A. , Foster Mark , Wong Pamela , Cubitt Celia C. , Tran Jennifer , Wetzel Christopher B. , Jacobs Miriam , Zhou Alice Y. , Russler-Germain David , Marsala Lynne , Schappe Timothy , Fields Ryan C. , Fehniger Todd A.
Published: October 2024

Cytokine production and degranulation of purified NK cells from normal donors
Supplementary Fig S2 from Memory-like Differentiation Enhances NK Cell Responses to Melanoma
Authors: Marin Nancy D. , Krasnick Bradley A. , Becker-Hapak Michelle , Conant Leah , Goedegebuure Simon P. , Berrien-Elliott Melissa M. , Robbins Keenan J. , Foltz Jennifer A. , Foster Mark , Wong Pamela , Cubitt Celia C. , Tran Jennifer , Wetzel Christopher B. , Jacobs Miriam , Zhou Alice Y. , Russler-Germain David , Marsala Lynne , Schappe Timothy , Fields Ryan C. , Fehniger Todd A.
Published: October 2024

Infiltrating NK cells exhibit a tissue resident phenotype.
Supplementary Fig S1 from Memory-like Differentiation Enhances NK Cell Responses to Melanoma
Authors: Marin Nancy D. , Krasnick Bradley A. , Becker-Hapak Michelle , Conant Leah , Goedegebuure Simon P. , Berrien-Elliott Melissa M. , Robbins Keenan J. , Foltz Jennifer A. , Foster Mark , Wong Pamela , Cubitt Celia C. , Tran Jennifer , Wetzel Christopher B. , Jacobs Miriam , Zhou Alice Y. , Russler-Germain David , Marsala Lynne , Schappe Timothy , Fields Ryan C. , Fehniger Todd A.
Published: October 2024

Mass cytometry analysis and main immune cell subsets in PBMC, Met and ULN from AM patient samples.
Figure 5 from Memory-like Differentiation Enhances NK Cell Responses to Melanoma
Authors: Marin Nancy D. , Krasnick Bradley A. , Becker-Hapak Michelle , Conant Leah , Goedegebuure Simon P. , Berrien-Elliott Melissa M. , Robbins Keenan J. , Foltz Jennifer A. , Foster Mark , Wong Pamela , Cubitt Celia C. , Tran Jennifer , Wetzel Christopher B. , Jacobs Miriam , Zhou Alice Y. , Russler-Germain David , Marsala Lynne , Schappe Timothy , Fields Ryan C. , Fehniger Todd A.
Published: October 2024

Human ML NK cells effectively control melanoma targets in a xenograft model in NSG mice. A, NSG mice were injected with 1 × 105 (i.p.) DM6 melanoma cells expressing RhoC/Luc 1 day before NK-cell injection. At day 1, tumor-bearing mice were injected with 5 × 106 control or ML NK cells (intraperitoneal) and the tumor burden was assessed using BLI every week (B). BLI images in B are representative from one of three independent experiments. C, Summary data indicate that allogenic ML NK cells control melanoma targets in vivo better than control NK cells. Three to seven mice per group from three independent experiments. C, Data from all mice from the three experiments (untreated = 11 mice, control NK cells = 16 mice, and ML NK cells = 15 mice). Two-way ANOVA - mixed-effect model with Tukey post-test. *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001.
Figure 3 from Memory-like Differentiation Enhances NK Cell Responses to Melanoma
Authors: Marin Nancy D. , Krasnick Bradley A. , Becker-Hapak Michelle , Conant Leah , Goedegebuure Simon P. , Berrien-Elliott Melissa M. , Robbins Keenan J. , Foltz Jennifer A. , Foster Mark , Wong Pamela , Cubitt Celia C. , Tran Jennifer , Wetzel Christopher B. , Jacobs Miriam , Zhou Alice Y. , Russler-Germain David , Marsala Lynne , Schappe Timothy , Fields Ryan C. , Fehniger Todd A.
Published: October 2024

Memory-like NK cells from patients with advanced melanoma exhibit enhanced ability to control autologous tumor. A, PBMC containing patient NK cells were preactivated as indicated in Fig. 2A. Melanoma cell lines generated from metastatic tissue were used as target cells for the functional assays. B, Representative flow cytometry plots of control and ML NK cells from a patient with advanced melanoma stimulated with autologous tumor. Numbers indicate percentage of positive cells. ML NK cells (green) from patients with melanoma patients display superior ability to produce IFNγ upon stimulation with autologous tumor (5:1 E:T ratio) compared with control NK cells (blue; C). D, ML NK cells from patients with advanced melanoma exhibit superior ability to kill autologous melanoma targets compared with control NK cells at different E:T ratios. Killing was evaluated in a standard 4-hours 51Cr release assay. Bars represent mean ± SEM from all patients. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc analysis. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001. n = 7.
Figure 1 from Memory-like Differentiation Enhances NK Cell Responses to Melanoma
Authors: Marin Nancy D. , Krasnick Bradley A. , Becker-Hapak Michelle , Conant Leah , Goedegebuure Simon P. , Berrien-Elliott Melissa M. , Robbins Keenan J. , Foltz Jennifer A. , Foster Mark , Wong Pamela , Cubitt Celia C. , Tran Jennifer , Wetzel Christopher B. , Jacobs Miriam , Zhou Alice Y. , Russler-Germain David , Marsala Lynne , Schappe Timothy , Fields Ryan C. , Fehniger Todd A.
Published: October 2024

NK cells infiltrating metastatic melanoma are mostly immature CD56bright and less frequently mature CD56dim NK cells that exhibit reduced cytotoxic molecules. A, Representative example of a viSNE map showing the distribution of main immune subsets in PBMC, metastatic (Met), and ULN from a patient with advanced melanoma. B, Percent of NK cells (CD56+CD3−) within CD45+ cells. C, Three NK-cell subsets were identified based on CD56 and CD16 expression: CD56bright, CD56dimCD16+, and CD56dimCD16− and their frequency within total NK cells is shown. D, NK cells were analyzed for the expression of NK cell–associated markers using mass cytometry (see Supplementary Table S2). D–F, Maturation markers (NKG2A, CD57), chemokine receptors (CXCR1, CXCR3) and function-related molecules (GRZB, Perf) in CD56bright, CD56dimCD16+ and CD56dimCD16− assessed by mass cytometry. G–I, Median of GzmB and perforin expression in NK cells from the three tissue sources. Box and Whiskers plots show interquartile range with min and max values. Two-way ANOVA test, mixed effects model with Tukey post hoc test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001. n = 11 PBMC, n = 11 Met, n = 7 ULN.
Supplementary Tables from ATR Inhibition Induces CDK1–SPOP Signaling and Enhances Anti–PD-L1 Cytotoxicity in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tang Zhe , Pilié Patrick G. , Geng Chuandong , Manyam Ganiraju C. , Yang Guang , Park Sanghee , Wang Daoqi , Peng Shan , Wu Cheng , Peng Guang , Yap Timothy A. , Corn Paul G. , Broom Bradley M. , Thompson Timothy C.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Table S1 shows the origin and selected gene alteration status of C4-2b, PC-3, RM-9, RM-1 and RM-1-BM prostate cancer cell line models. Supplementary Table S2 shows details of the antibodies used in the experiments. Supplementary Table S3 shows primer sequences for RT-qPCR analysis. Supplementary Table S4 shows siRNA sequences used in the experiments. Supplementary Table S5 shows quantification of cell types among treatments derived from single cell RNA sequencing data.
Figure S3 from ATR Inhibition Induces CDK1–SPOP Signaling and Enhances Anti–PD-L1 Cytotoxicity in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tang Zhe , Pilié Patrick G. , Geng Chuandong , Manyam Ganiraju C. , Yang Guang , Park Sanghee , Wang Daoqi , Peng Shan , Wu Cheng , Peng Guang , Yap Timothy A. , Corn Paul G. , Broom Bradley M. , Thompson Timothy C.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Figure S3 shows siRNA knockdown efficiencies of gene specific siRNA transfections in RM-1-BM prostate cancer cells (immunoblot analysis).
Figure S1 from ATR Inhibition Induces CDK1–SPOP Signaling and Enhances Anti–PD-L1 Cytotoxicity in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Tang Zhe , Pilié Patrick G. , Geng Chuandong , Manyam Ganiraju C. , Yang Guang , Park Sanghee , Wang Daoqi , Peng Shan , Wu Cheng , Peng Guang , Yap Timothy A. , Corn Paul G. , Broom Bradley M. , Thompson Timothy C.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Figure S1 shows androgen responsiveness of RM-9 and RM-1-BM prostate cancer cell lines including immunoblot analysis of AR and PD-L1 protein expression and response to increasing concentrations of enzalutamide (MTS analysis).
Figure S2 from Relevance of Platinum-free Interval and BRCA Reversion Mutations for Veliparib Monotherapy after Progression on Carboplatin/Paclitaxel for gBRCA Advanced Breast Cancer (BROCADE3 Crossover)
Authors: Puhalla Shannon L. , Diéras Véronique , Arun Banu K. , Kaufman Bella , Wildiers Hans , Han Hyo S. , Ayoub Jean-Pierre , Stearns Vered , Yuan Yuan , Helsten Teresa , Riley-Gillis Bridget , Murphy Erin , Kundu Madan G. , Wu Meijing , Maag David , Ratajczak Christine K. , Ramathal Cyril Y. , Friedlander Michael
Published: October 2024

CONSORT diagram
Supplementary Tables from Multiplex Tissue Imaging Harmonization: A Multicenter Experience from CIMAC-CIDC Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers Network
Authors: Akturk Guray , Parra Edwin R. , Gjini Evisa , Lako Ana , Lee J. Jack , Neuberg Donna , Zhang Jiexin , Yao Shen , Laface Ilaria , Rogic Anita , Chen Pei-Hsuan , Sanchez-Espiridion Beatriz , Valle Diane M. Del , Moravec Radim , Kinders Robert , Hudgens Courtney , Wu Catherine , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Thurin Magdalena , Hewitt Stephen M. , Rodig Scott , Gnjatic Sacha , Tetzlaff Michael T.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Tables
Supplementary Materials and Methods from Multiplex Tissue Imaging Harmonization: A Multicenter Experience from CIMAC-CIDC Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers Network
Authors: Akturk Guray , Parra Edwin R. , Gjini Evisa , Lako Ana , Lee J. Jack , Neuberg Donna , Zhang Jiexin , Yao Shen , Laface Ilaria , Rogic Anita , Chen Pei-Hsuan , Sanchez-Espiridion Beatriz , Valle Diane M. Del , Moravec Radim , Kinders Robert , Hudgens Courtney , Wu Catherine , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Thurin Magdalena , Hewitt Stephen M. , Rodig Scott , Gnjatic Sacha , Tetzlaff Michael T.
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Materials and Methods