bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of autochthonous dengue virus type 1 strains circulating in Japan in 2014
Authors: Cordeiro Marcos Tadeu Andrade , García Jesús E. , González-López Verónica Andrea , Londoño Sergio Luis Mercado
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we classify by representativeness the elements of a set of complete genomic sequences of Dengue Virus Type 1 (DENV-1), corresponding to the outbreak in Japan during 2014. The set is coming from four regions: Chiba, Hyogo, Shizuoka and Tokyo. We consider this set as composed of independent samples coming from Markovian processes of finite order and finite alphabet. Under the assumption of the existence of a law that prevails in at least 50% of the samples of the set, we identify the sequences governed by the predominant law (see [1, 2]). The rule of classification is based on a local metric between samples, which tends to zero when we compare sequences of identical law and tends to infinity when comparing sequences with different laws. We found that the order of representativeness, from highest to lowest and according to the origin of the sequences is: Tokyo, Chiba, Hyogo, and Shizuoka. When comparing the Japanese sequences with their contemporaries from Asia, we find that the less representative sequence (from Shizuoka) is positioned in groups considerably far away from that which includes the sequences from the other regions in Japan, this offers evidence to suppose that the outbreak in Japan could be produced by more than one type of DENV-1.
Interaction between Ti-bearing ultra-low carbon solid steel and mold flux at 1400 °C
Authors: Wang Yi , Yang Wen , Zhang Lifeng
Published: July 2019

Laboratory scale experiments on the reaction between mold flux and solid titanium (Ti) bearing ultra low carbon (ULC) steel were carried out at 1400 °C. It was found that the composition of mold flux particles changed after the interactions, which was resulted from the reduction of flux components by the aluminum (Al) and Ti in steel, leading to the decrease of SiO2 and the increase of Al2O3 and TiOx in flux particles. A layer of oxides was precipitated in the steel near the steel-flux interface. Al2O3 particles were firstly precipitated and then transformed into Ti-Al-O type with the decrease of the distance from the interface and the increase of reheating time, accompanying with the increase of the particle size. The precipitation of particles was estimated to result from the reoxidation of the steel matrix by the oxygen diffused from the mold flux, which would further increase the detriment of the entrapped mold flux to the cleanliness and surface quality of the rolled sheets of ULC steel.
Le nouveau Système international d’unités
Authors: Julien Lucile , Nez François , Thomas Matthieu , Espel Patrick , Ziane Djamel , Pinot Patrick , Piquemal François , Cladé Pierre , Guellati-Khélifa Saïda , Djordjevic Sophie , Poirier Wilfrid , Schopfer Félicien , Thévenot Olivier , Pitre Laurent , Sadli Mohamed
Published: July 2019

La 26e Conférence générale des poids et mesures (CGPM) s’est réunie à Versailles du 13 au 16 novembre 2018. Elle a rassemblé les représentants de la plupart des 59 États membres du Bureau international des poids et mesures (BIPM) et des 43 États associés.
Anstieg des Clozapinspiegels bei bronchopulmonalen Infekten: Häufiger als man denkt!
Authors: Wilkening Anja , Palm Ulrich
Published: July 2019

Systemische Entzündungsreaktionen können über eine Hemmung der Cytochrom-P450-Proteine die Metabolisierung verschiedener Arzneimittel beeinflussen. Hier berichten wir über 2 Patienten mit schizophrener Psychose, die während eines pulmonalen Infekts stark erhöhte Clozapinspiegel, jedoch ohne klinisch sichtbare Nebenwirkungen, aufwiesen. Nach antibiotischer Behandlung und Reduktion der Clozapindosis normalisierte sich der Clozapinspiegel nach wenigen Tagen. Bei systemischen Infekten sollte an die Möglichkeit eines erhöhten Clozapinspiegels gedacht werden.
The Relationship Between β-cell Function Indices and Sudomotor Function in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Cao Bai-lu , Yao Yue , Xu Yi-xin , Fang Jiang , Song Wen-jing , Hu Bin , Guo Qing-yu , Lu Bin , Li Jie , Gu Ping , Shao Jia-qing
Published: July 2019

Purpose SUDOSCAN, a new non-invasive, quick, sensitive and quantitative technique, has been developed to detect diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and the latter is believed to be correlated with impaired β-cell function. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the associations between β-cell function indices and sudomotor function in Chinese type 2 diabetes.

Methods A total of 266 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled. Sudomotor function was assessed using electrochemical skin conductance of hands and feet. Pancreatic β-cell function was determined by homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function index, early-phase β-cell function indices and total β-cell function indices. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were carried out to explore the associations between β-cell function indices and sudomotor function.

Results Patients with lower early-phase β-cell function had lower electrochemical skin conductance levels of hands and feet and higher asymmetry ratio of hands and feet. Both Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed significantly positive relationships between early-phase β-cell function and electrochemical skin conductance levels of hands and feet, after controlling for potential confounders (P<0.05).

Conclusions Impaired early-phase β-cell function was positively associated with sudomotor dysfunction in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. We speculated that impaired early-phase β-cell function may be associated with the incidence of sudomotor dysfunction in patients with T2DM.
Análise biomecânica de dois tipos de fixação de fratura supracondiliana de úmero em modelo anatômico
Authors: Nunes Marcos Ceita , Posser Ticiano Dozza , Israel Charles Leonardo , Spinelli Leandro de Freitas , Calieron Luis Gustavo , Kim Jung Ho
Published: July 2019

Objetivo Analisar através de ensaios mecânicos a estabilidade da fixação da fratura supracondiliana do úmero com dois fios de Kirschner, intramedular e lateral (Fi), comparada à fixação com dois fios laterais paralelos (FL) em modelos anatômicos, de forma a se definir qual configuração apresenta maior estabilidade.

Métodos Foram utilizados como corpos de prova 72 úmeros sintéticos, os quais foram seccionados transversalmente para simular a fratura. Estes ossos foram divididos em dois grupos iguais e as fraturas fixadas com dois fios de Kirschner paralelos (FL) e com um fio lateral e outro intramedular (Fi). Então os corpos de prova foram submetidos aos testes de carga em estresse em uma máquina de ensaio universal, medidos em Newtons (N). Cada grupo foi subdividido em carga em varo, em valgo, em extensão, em flexão, em rotação externa e em rotação interna. A análise dos dados foi realizada comparando os subgrupos do grupo FL, com seus respectivos subgrupos do grupo Fi através do teste t bicaudal.

Resultados O teste t bicaudal demonstrou que em 4 das 6 condições aplicadas não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos (p > 0,05). Encontramos uma diferença significativa entre os grupos com carga em extensão com uma média das maiores forças no grupo FL de 19 N e no grupo Fi de 28,7 N (p = 0,004), e também entre os grupos com carga em flexão com a média de forças registradas no grupo FL de 17,1 N e no grupo Fi de 22,9 N (p = 0,01).

Conclusão A fixação com fio intramedular e um fio lateral para cargas em extensão e flexão apresenta maior estabilidade quando comparada com a fixação com dois fios laterais paralelos, sugerindo resultados clínicos no mínimo semelhantes.
Como os cirurgiões ortopédicos tratam a fratura desviada do colo do fêmur no paciente de meia idade? Pesquisa brasileira com 78 cirurgiões ortopédicos
Authors: Giordano Vincenzo , Giordano Marcos , Aquino Rodrigo , Grossi João Otávio , Senna Hudson , Koch Hilton Augusto
Published: July 2019

Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as práticas e preferências dos cirurgiões ortopédicos brasileiros para o tratamento da fratura do colo do fêmur no paciente de meia idade.

Métodos Foi elaborado um questionário contendo 10 imagens de fraturas do colo do fêmur enviado a um grupo de 100 ortopedistas, todos membros titulares da Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia. No questionário, foi perguntada a opção de tratamento para casos de fratura não desviada e desviada do colo do fêmur em pacientes de meia idade, caracterizados como aqueles com idades entre 50 e 69 anos. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritiva e inferencial, pelos testes de qui-quadrado (χ2) e exato de Fisher. O critério de determinação de significância adotado foi o nível de 5%.

Resultados O questionário foi respondido por 78% dos ortopedistas convidados a participar do presente estudo. Observou-se que não existe diferença significativa na distribuição do método de tratamento entre as avaliações de generalistas e especialistas (p = 0,16) na amostra de fraturas não desviadas do colo do fêmur. Observou-se que existe diferença altamente significativa na distribuição do método de tratamento entre as avaliações de generalistas e especialistas (p < 0,0001) na amostra de fraturas desviadas do colo do fêmur.

Conclusão A preservação da cabeça femoral por meio da fixação com múltiplos parafusos canulados é o tratamento de escolha para as fraturas não desviadas do colo do fêmur, tanto para os generalistas quanto para os especialistas. Idade cronológica e/ou fisiológica baixas são os principais fatores para esta tomada de decisão. Nos casos em que a fratura do colo do fêmur encontra-se desviada, a substituição da cabeça femoral é a preferência para os dois grupos de ortopedistas (generalistas e especialistas). Nesta situação, os especialistas preferem a artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ) e os generalistas a artroplastia parcial do quadril (APQ).
Comparação da taxa de desgaste entre componentes de cerâmica sobre cerâmica, de metal sobre polietileno de alta ligação cruzada e de metal sobre metal
Authors: Higuchi Yoshitoshi , Seki Taisuke , Morita Daigo , Komatsu Daigo , Takegami Yasuhiko , Ishiguro Naoki
Published: July 2019

Objetivo Hoje, não há evidências sobre o acompanhamento em médio prazo da artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ) não cimentada com componentes de polietileno de alta ligação cruzada (highly cross-linked) sobre metal (MoP, na sigla em inglês), de cerâmica sobre cerâmica (CoC, na sigla em inglês), e de metal sobre metal (MoM, na sigla em inglês). Nosso objetivo foi calcular a taxa de desgaste entre 5 a 10 anos e a taxa de incidência de osteólise nos 3 tipos de componentes.

Métodos Um total de 77 pacientes foram submetidos a ATQ com componentes de MoP; 105 foram submetidos ao mesmo procedimento com componentes de CoC, e 55 foram submetidos à ATQ com componentes de MoM. A média de idade dos pacientes no momento da cirurgia foi de 64,7, 55,9 e 59,9 anos nos grupos de componentes MoP, de CoC, e de MoM, respectivamente. As medidas clínicas e radiológicas em um período médio de acompanhamento de 7,6 anos foram analisadas.

Resultados As pontuações médias de Harris no período pós-operatório não mostraram diferença entre os grupos. As taxas médias anuais de desgaste do revestimento foram de 0,0160, 0,0040 e 0,0054 mm/ano em componentes de MoP, de CoC, e de MoP, respectivamente; a taxa de desgaste dos componentes de CoC foi significativamente menor do que as dos demais. A osteólise (14,5%) nos componentes de MoM foi significativamente mais frequente em comparação aos demais. A sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier aos 10 anos com afrouxamento do implante ou revisão da ATQ como desfecho foi de 96,1% (intervalo de confiança [IC] de 95%: 88,4–98,7) nos componentes de MoP, de 98,6% (IC95%: 90,3–98,6) nos componentes de CoC, e de 98,2% (IC95%: 88,0–99,7) nos componentes de MoM (p = 0,360).

Conclusão Os resultados clínicos e radiológicos de componentes de MoP e de CoC foram excelentes.
Técnica de mosaicoplastia no tratamento de lesões osteocondrais isoladas do côndilo femoral do joelho – estudo retrospectivo
Authors: Karmali Samir , Guerreiro Rui , Costa Daniel Sá da , Fonseca Jorge , Gonçalves Ricardo
Published: July 2019

Objetivo Lesões osteocondrais focais do joelho são encontradas em dois terços dos pacientes submetidos a artroscopia; seu tratamento, quando isoladas e, principalmente, em indivíduos jovens, ainda é debatido. O presente estudo analisa os resultados obtidos com a aplicação da técnica de mosaicoplastia no tratamento de lesões osteocondrais isoladas do côndilo femoral do joelho.

Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes submetidos à mosaicoplastia e análise subjetiva com pontuações do International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC, na sigla em inglês) antes e após a cirurgia.

Resultados Um total de 13 casos, com média de idade de 34 anos; pacientes do sexo masculino (n = 4; 31%) apresentaram média de idade de 23 anos (17–31 anos), e pacientes do sexo feminino (n = 9; 69%) apresentaram média de 39 anos; (16–56 anos); femoral medial ou lateral (n = 11, 85% versus n = 2, 15%, respectivamente); o tamanho médio da lesão foi de 1,8 cm2 (0,6–4 cm); o tempo médio de acompanhamento foi de 5,045 ± 3,47 anos (1,15–11,01 anos). A pontuação IKDC média pré-operatória foi 31,63 pontos ( ±  20,24), e a pós-operatória foi 74,18 pontos ( ±  20,26). A diferença entre as pontuações IKDC obtidas depois e antes da cirurgia foi de 42,55 ( ±  21,05) pontos, com o aumento mínimo de 8,1 pontos e o aumento máximo de 82,8 pontos. Uma diferença estatística significativa (p < 0,001) foi encontrada entre a pontuação IKDC antes e após a cirurgia. Uma relação estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,038) foi observada entre o aumento da pontuação IKDC (a diferença entre a pontuação pré- e pós-operatória) e as dimensões da lesão.

Conclusões A mosaicoplastia com transferência de autoenxerto osteocondral, quando adequadamente usada, pode produzir resultados excelentes com grande durabilidade e impacto funcional, baixas taxas de morbidade e baixos custos. A expansão dos critérios de indicação mostra resultados promissores no médio e longo prazo.
Copy-and-Paste in Medical Student Notes: Extent, Temporal Trends, and Relationship to Scholastic Performance
Authors: Monahan Ken , Ye Cheng , Gould Edward , Xu Meng , Huang Shi , Spickard Anderson , Rosenbloom S. Trent , Coco Joseph , Fabbri Daniel , Miller Bonnie
Published: July 2019

Background Medical students may observe and subsequently perpetuate redundancy in clinical documentation, but the degree of redundancy in student notes and whether there is an association with scholastic performance are unknown.

Objectives This study sought to quantify redundancy, defined generally as the proportion of similar text between two strings, in medical student notes and evaluate the relationship between note redundancy and objective indicators of student performance.

Methods Notes generated by medical students rotating through their medicine clerkship during a single academic year at our institution were analyzed. A student–patient interaction (SPI) was defined as a history and physical and at least two contiguous progress notes authored by the same student during a single patient's hospitalization. For some students, SPI pairs were available from early and late in the clerkship. Redundancy between analogous sections of consecutive notes was calculated on a 0 to 100% scale and was derived from edit distance, the number of changes needed to transform one text string into another. Indicators of student performance included United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) scores.

Results Ninety-four single SPIs and 58 SPI pairs were analyzed. Redundancy in the assessment/plan section was high (40%) and increased within individual SPIs (to 60%; p < 0.001) and between SPI pairs over the course of the clerkship (by 30–40%; p < 0.001). Students in the lowest tertile of USMLE step II clinical knowledge scores had higher redundancy in the assessment/plan section than their classmates (67 ± 24% vs. 38 ± 22%; p = 0.002).

Conclusion During the medicine clerkship, the assessment/plan section of medical student notes became more redundant over a patient's hospital course and as students gained clinical experience. These trends may be indicative of deficiencies in clinical knowledge or reasoning, as evidenced by performance on some standardized evaluations.
Avaliação prospectiva das lesões esportivas ocorridas durante as partidas do Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol em 2016
Authors: Netto Diogo Cristiano , Arliani Gustavo Gonçalves , Thiele Edilson Schwansee , Cat Monica Nunes Lima , Cohen Moises , Pagura Jorge Roberto
Published: July 2019

Objetivo Determinar a prevalência, as características e possíveis fatores de risco para as lesões ocorridas durante as partidas do Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol.

Métodos Realizou-se um estudo prospectivo com coleta dos dados referentes às lesões ocorridas durante o Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol de 2016. O registro das lesões foi realizado pelo médico responsável de cada equipe, por meio de um sistema online de mapeamento de lesões.

Resultados Dentre os 864 atletas que foram incluídos no estudo, 231 (26,7%) dos jogadores apresentaram alguma lesão durante o torneio. No total, foram registradas 312 lesões durante o Campeonato Brasileiro, com média de 0,82 lesões por partida. A incidência de lesões foi de 24,9 lesões para cada 1.000 horas de jogo. Meias e atacantes apresentaram, respectivamente, risco 3,6 e 2,4 vezes maior de sofrer lesão do que os goleiros.

Conclusão A prevalência e a incidência de lesões foram, respectivamente, 26,7% e 24,9 lesões/1.000 horas de partida. O segmento corporal mais frequentemente afetado foram os membros inferiores (76,3%), sendo que os atletas que atuaram nas posições meia e atacante foram os mais acometidos. Observou-se também maior predomínio de lesões no primeiro turno do campeonato.
Periostite reativa florida da falange proximal – relato de caso e revisão de literatura
Authors: Ribeiro José Neias Araujo , Cavalcante Maria Luzete Costa , Farias Diogo Araujo , Bingana Rudy Diavila
Published: July 2019

A periostite reativa florida é uma lesão benigna e rara que constitui um problema recorrente de diagnóstico. Sua etiopatogênese permanece desconhecida. A periostite reativa florida caracteriza-se por ser uma reação periosteal agressiva e inflamatória de tecido mole e por ser um tumor portador de fibrose e produtor de cartilagem. Ocorre em adolescentes e adultos jovens, com predomínio no sexo feminino, e acomete com frequência os ossos das mãos e pés, podendo acometer também ossos longos. O diagnóstico permanece um grande desafio devido à enorme possibilidade de diagnósticos diferenciais. Por isso, uma cuidadosa avaliação clínica, radiológica e patológica é necessária para fechar o diagnóstico. Relata-se o caso de um paciente com periostite reativa florida na falange proximal do segundo dedo da mão direita, que foi submetida à excisão cirúrgica com margem ampla do segundo raio até o terço proximal do segundo metacarpo, e evoluiu sem queixas, com amplitude de movimento e força satisfatória.
Qual o prognóstico da artrodese tríplice quando utilizada no tratamento do pé plano adquirido do adulto (PPAA)?
Authors: Gobbo Daiana Kerry Picanço , Severino Nilson Roberto , Ferreira Ricardo Cardenuto
Published: July 2019

Objetivo Avaliar a capacidade da artrodese tríplice de aliviar as principais queixas dos pacientes que apresentam pé plano adquirido do adulto (PPAA): 1) dor incapacitante localizada no médio e retropé; 2) deformidades marcadas pelo colapso do arco medial, valgo, abdução e supinação.

Método Avaliamos 17 pacientes (20 pés) portadores de PPAA em estado avançado que foram submetidos à correção cirúrgica pela artrodese tríplice modelante. A média de idade dos pacientes no momento da cirurgia foi de 62 anos (variação de 38 a 79 anos), e o tempo médio de seguimento foi de 43 meses (variação de 18 a 84 meses). Utilizamos critérios clínicos empregando a escala visual analógica da dor (EVAD) e a escala funcional da American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS, na sigla em inglês) do retropé para avaliar a eficácia da cirurgia.

Resultados A dor residual mensurada pela EVAD foi de três pontos, em média. Observamos incremento médio de 23% nos valores da escala AOFAS do retropé após o tratamento cirúrgico. A correção das deformidades foi satisfatória em 10 de 20 pés; parcialmente satisfatória em 4 de 20 pés; parcialmente insatisfatória em 5 de 20 pés; e insatisfatória em 1 de 20 pés.

Conclusão Apesar da artrodese tríplice modelante indicada no tratamento do PPAA em estágio avançado apresentar alto índice de consolidação óssea, a correção incompleta das deformidades pré-existentes e a persistência de dor residual contribuíram para a elevada taxa de decepção dos pacientes com o resultado da cirurgia.
Lesão variante de Maisonneuve com luxação tibiofibular proximal
Authors: Alencar Neto Jonatas Brito , Cavalcante Maria Luzete Costa , Pinto Neto Luiz Holanda , Lucena Igor Freitas de , Garrido Renackson Jordelino , Rocha Pedro Henrique Messias da
Published: July 2019

A lesão de Maisonneuve é uma entidade rara, correspondendo a 7% das fraturas de tornozelo. Uma de suas variantes inclui a lesão da sindesmose tibiofibular distal com luxação tibiofibular proximal, tornando-a uma injúria ainda mais incomum. O presente artigo apresenta o caso de um paciente de 34 anos admitido na emergência de traumato-ortopedia de hospital terciário com dor e edema em membro inferior esquerdo, após trauma esportivo. A radiografia do joelho evidenciou luxação anterolateral da articulação tibiofibular proximal com subluxação lateral do tornozelo, sem sinais de fratura. Após avaliação tomográfica do membro, confirmou-se o diagnóstico de uma lesão variante de Maisonneuve com luxação tibiofibular proximal. Os autores descrevem o caso, abordando aspectos clínicos, radiográficos e cirúrgicos desta variante.
Independent Suture Tape Internal Brace Reinforcement of Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Allografts: Biomechanical Assessment in a Full-ACL Reconstruction Laboratory Model
Authors: Smith Patrick A. , Bradley James P. , Konicek John , Bley Jordan A. , Wijdicks Coen A.
Published: July 2019

Internal bracing for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery is a relatively new concept. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an “independent” button-fixed internal brace on the biomechanical properties of ACL reconstruction in a full-construct experimental model. Three groups (n = 10 each) were tested in a full-construct porcine-bone model with human bone–patellar tendon–bone allografts using different reconstruction techniques: interference screw fixation on femur and tibia (S-S group), adjustable-loop device (ALD) fixation on the femur with tibial interference screw without suture tape (ALD-S group), and with internal brace (ALD-S-IB group). Measured outcomes included cyclic displacement, stiffness, and ultimate load to failure. The ALD-S-IB group (2.9 ± 0.8 mm) displaced significantly less than the ALD-S (4.2 ± 0.9 mm; p = 0.015) and S-S group (4.3 ± 1.1 mm; p = 0.017). No significant difference was found between the ALD-S and the S-S group. Construct stiffness was significantly higher for the ALD-S-IB group (156 ± 23 N/mm) and the ALD-S group (122 ± 28 N/mm) than for the S-S group (104 ± 40 N/mm; p = 0.003 and p = 0.0042), but there was no significant difference between both ALD groups. Similarly, ultimate loads in the ALD-S-IB (758 ± 128 N) and the ALD-S groups (628 ± 223 N) were significantly greater than in the S-S group (416 ± 167 N; p < 0.001 and p = 0.025), but there was no significant difference between ALD groups. Adding an internal brace reinforcement to an ALD in a full-construct experimental model significantly decreased cyclic displacement by 31% without increasing construct stiffness or ultimate load significantly. These results indicate that suture tape internal bracing of bone–patellar tendon–bone allograft ACL reconstruction decreases cyclic displacement during experimental testing, which has clinical implications regarding initial construct stability.
Simulation of three-dimensional dendritic growth using H-adaptive finite element method
Authors: Zhu Changsheng , Zhang Shengcai , Feng Li , Deng Zhongyan
Published: July 2019

Based on the AFEPack adaptive software package, the H-adaptive finite element method was used to solve the three-dimensional phase field model on the Linux platform. The growth of the three-dimensional dendrites in the undercooling melt was simulated numerically, and the effects of different undercooling on three-dimensional dendritic growth were studied. The real growth process of three-dimensional dendritic was reproduced. The dendritic growth pattern that we obtained was consistent with the crystallization theory. In order to verify the reliability of the simulation results, the three-dimensional dendrite tip growth rate and the tip radius were compared with the classical theory and the same conditions under the literature value. The results are compared with those obtained by Jeong et al. and obtained by finite difference method under the same conditions. It is found that the results obtained by H-adaptive finite element method are in agreement with the calculated results obtained by these two methods. It is proved that the H-adaptive finite element method is feasible to simulate the growth of three-dimensional dendrites. The method greatly reduces the computational cost of the phase field model solution and improves the efficiency of the solution.
Downfolding of many-body Hamiltonians using active-space models: Extension of the sub-system embedding sub-algebras approach to unitary coupled cluster formalisms
Authors: Bauman Nicholas P. , Bylaska Eric J. , Krishnamoorthy Sriram , Low Guang Hao , Wiebe Nathan , Granade Christopher E. , Roetteler Martin , Troyer Matthias , Kowalski Karol
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we discuss the extension of the recently introduced subsystem embedding subalgebra coupled cluster (SES-CC) formalism to unitary CC formalisms. In analogy to the standard single-reference SES-CC formalism, its unitary CC extension allows one to include the dynamical (outside the active space) correlation effects in an SES induced complete active space (CAS) effective Hamiltonian. In contrast to the standard single-reference SES-CC theory, the unitary CC approach results in a Hermitian form of the effective Hamiltonian. Additionally, for the double unitary CC (DUCC) formalism, the corresponding CAS eigenvalue problem provides a rigorous separation of external cluster amplitudes that describe dynamical correlation effects—used to define the effective Hamiltonian—from those corresponding to the internal (inside the active space) excitations that define the components of eigenvectors associated with the energy of the entire system. The proposed formalism can be viewed as an efficient way of downfolding many-electron Hamiltonian to the low-energy model represented by a particular choice of CAS. In principle, this technique can be extended to any type of CAS representing an arbitrary energy window of a quantum system. The Hermitian character of low-dimensional effective Hamiltonians makes them an ideal target for several types of full configuration interaction type eigensolvers. As an example, we also discuss the algebraic form of the perturbative expansions of the effective DUCC Hamiltonians corresponding to composite unitary CC theories and discuss possible algorithms for hybrid classical and quantum computing. Given growing interest in quantum computing, we provide energies for H2 and Be systems obtained with the quantum phase estimator algorithm available in the Quantum Development Kit for the approximate DUCC Hamiltonians.
Creation of nanoscale magnetic fields using nano-magnet arrays
Authors: Sapkota K. R. , Eley S. , Bussmann E. , Harris C. T. , Maurer L. N. , Lu T. M.
Published: July 2019

We present the fabrication of nano-magnet arrays, comprised of two sets of interleaving SmCo5 and Co nano-magnets, and the subsequent development and implementation of a protocol to program the array to create a one-dimensional rotating magnetic field. We designed the array based on the microstructural and magnetic properties of SmCo5 films annealed under different conditions, also presented here. Leveraging the extremely high contrast in coercivity between SmCo5 and Co, we applied a sequence of external magnetic fields to program the nano-magnet arrays into a configuration with alternating polarization, which based on simulations creates a rotating magnetic field in the vicinity of nano-magnets. Our proof-of-concept demonstration shows that complex, nanoscale magnetic fields can be synthesized through coercivity contrast of constituent magnetic materials and carefully designed sequences of programming magnetic fields.
When can quantum decoherence be mimicked by classical noise?
Authors: Gu Bing , Franco Ignacio
Published: July 2019

Quantum decoherence arises due to uncontrollable entanglement between a system and its environment. However, the effects of decoherence are often thought of and modeled through a simpler picture in which the role of the environment is to introduce classical noise in the system’s degrees of freedom. Here, we establish necessary conditions that the classical noise models need to satisfy to quantitatively model the decoherence. Specifically, for pure-dephasing processes, we identify well-defined statistical properties for the noise that are determined by the quantum many-point time correlation function of the environmental operators that enter into the system-bath interaction. In particular, for the exemplifying spin-boson problem with a Lorentz-Drude spectral density, we show that the high-temperature quantum decoherence is quantitatively mimicked by colored Gaussian noise. In turn, for dissipative environments, we show that classical noise models cannot describe decoherence effects due to relaxation through spontaneous emission of photons/phonons. These developments provide a rigorous platform to assess the validity of classical noise models of decoherence.
Vitrification and increase of basicity in between ice Ih crystals in rapidly frozen dilute NaCl aqueous solutions
Authors: Imrichová Kamila , Veselý Lukáš , Gasser Tobias M. , Loerting Thomas , Neděla Vilém , Heger Dominik
Published: July 2019

The freezing of ionic aqueous solutions is common in both nature and human-conducted cryopreservation. The cooling rate and the dimensions constraining the solution are known to fundamentally influence the physicochemical characteristics of the sample, including the extent of vitrification, morphology, and distribution of ions. The presence of some salts in an aqueous solution often suppresses the ice crystallization, allowing bulk vitrification during relatively slow cooling. Such a process, however, does not occur in NaCl solutions, previously observed to vitrify only under hyperquenching and/or in sub-micrometric confinements. This work demonstrates that, at freezing rates of ≥100 K min−1, crystallized ice Ih expels the freeze-concentrated solution onto the surfaces of the crystals, forming lamellae and veins to produce glass, besides eutectic crystallization. The vitrification covers (6.8% ± 0.6%) and (17.9% ± 1.5%) of the total eutectic content in 0.06M and 3.4 mM solutions, respectively. The vitrified solution shows a glass-to-liquid transition succeeded by cold crystallization of NaCl · 2H2O during heating via differential scanning calorimetry. We establish that ice crystallization is accompanied by increased basicity in freeze-concentrated solutions, reflecting preferential incorporation of chloride anions over sodium cations into the ice. After the sample is heated above the glass transition temperature, the acidity gradually returns towards the original value. The morphology of the samples is visualized with an environmental scanning electron microscope. Generally, the method of vitrifying the freeze-concentrated solution in between the ice Ih crystals via fast cooling can be considered a facile route towards information on vitrified solutions.
New theory proposed for optimizing material choice in terahertz spintronics devices
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: July 2019

Drawing on a model of excitation of nonlinear oscillations of Néel vectors, new theory demonstrates a potential terahertz-frequency emitter from a bilayered antiferromagnet-based heterostructure.
New nanoscale magnetic field method provides step for quantum computing
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: July 2019

Array of alternating nanomagnets with high contrast coercivity creates 1D, rotating nanoscale magnetic field.
Synthesis and Characterization of Zn-Carboxylate Metal–Organic Frameworks Containing Triazatruxene Ligands
Authors: Alkas Adil , Telfer Shane G.
Published: July 2019

Reactions between triazatruxene-based tricarboxylate ligands, H3tat-R, and zinc nitrate under solvothermal conditions afforded new metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with the general formula [Zn3(tat-R)2(H2O)2], MUF-tat-R (R=a hydrocarbon substituent on the triazatruxene nitrogen atoms). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that these frameworks are 3D networks with a (10,3)-a topology. Linear trinuclear zinc clusters are connected to tat ligands to form chiral channels that accommodate the substituents on the tat ligands. MUF-tat and MUF-tat-benzyl crystallize in a cubic crystal system whereas MUF-tat-butyl and MUF-tat-hexyl are tetragonal. MUF-tat-benzyl retains its porosity on activation, which was confirmed by gas adsorption studies.
Mapping change in key soil properties due to climate change over south-eastern Australia
Authors: Gray Jonathan M. , Bishop Thomas F. A.
Published: July 2019

Climate change will lead to altered soil conditions that will impact on plant growth in both agricultural and native ecosystems. Additionally, changes in soil carbon storage will influence carbon accounting schemes that may play a role in climate change mitigation programs. We applied a digital soil mapping approach to examine and map (at 100-m resolution) potential changes in three important soil properties – soil organic carbon (SOC), pH and sum-of-bases (common macro-nutrients) – resulting from projected climate change over south-eastern Australia until ~2070. Four global climate models were downscaled with three regional models to give 12 climate models, which were used to derive changes for the three properties across the province, at 0–30 and 30–100 cm depth intervals. The SOC stocks were projected to decline over the province, while pH and sum-of-bases were projected to increase; however, the extent of change varied throughout the province and with different climate models. The average changes primarily reflected the complex interplay of changing temperatures and rainfall throughout the province. The changes were also influenced by the operating environmental conditions, with a uniform pattern of change particularly demonstrated for SOC over 36 combinations of current climate, parent material and land use. For example, the mean decline of SOC predicted for the upper depth interval was 15.6 Mg ha–1 for wet–mafic–native vegetation regimes but only 3.1 Mg ha–1 for dry–highly siliceous–cropping regimes. The predicted changes reflected only those attributable to the projected climate change and did not consider the influence of ongoing and changing land management practices.
go constructions in Modern Standard Arabic
Authors: Abdulrahim Dana
Published: July 2019

This paper investigates the constructional behaviour of three of the most frequentgoverbs in Modern Standard Arabic:ḏahaba, maḍā, andrāḥa. These verbs are considered somewhat synonymous according to many classical and modern dictionaries of Arabic. Nevertheless, each verb has a distinctive profile manifested in its constructional behaviour, which explains why these verbs are not easily interchangeable in various contexts of use. In this paper, I will examine the prototypical uses of the three MSAgoverbs based on corpus data (extracted fromarabicorpus.byu.edu) by highlighting the lexico-syntactic frames they each associate with. This is achieved by annotating a large number of contextualized uses (per verb) for a variety of lexico-syntactic features. The data frame is subsequently probed with the help of Hierarchical Configural Frequency Analysis (von Eye 1990;Gries 2004) as a means of highlighting recurring and significant patterns of variable co-occurrences. The quantitative analysis is followed by a qualitative analysis that further explores the lexico-syntactic frames that pertain to different aspects of a deictic motion event. The results obtained from both the quantitative and qualitative analyses highlight the idiosyncratic constructional properties that characterize the use of each verb in various physical and figurative motion event construals.
Influence of continued ingestion of matcha on emotional behaviors after social stress in mice
Authors: Monobe Manami , Nomura Sachiko , Ema Kaori , Horie Hideki
Published: July 2019

Matcha has high contents of theanine, caffeine, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Among these, theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses, although this effect is disturbed by caffeine and EGCG. It was reported that the continued ingestion of high-quality matcha, whose molar ratio of caffeine and EGCG to theanine and arginine was kept at less than two, reduces stress responses. However, most matcha on the market has an inadequate ratio. Therefore, we investigated the influence of continued ingestion of matcha with a ratio of over two, on emotional behaviors after stress. Continued ingestion of matcha was suggested to reduce the anxiety-like behaviors induced by psychological and physiological stresses.
Superresolution microscopy reveals linkages between ribosomal DNA on heterologous chromosomes
Authors: Potapova Tamara A. , Unruh Jay R. , Yu Zulin , Rancati Giulia , Li Hua , Stampfer Martha R. , Gerton Jennifer L.
Published: July 2019

The spatial organization of the genome is enigmatic. Direct evidence of physical contacts between chromosomes and their visualization at nanoscale resolution has been limited. We used superresolution microscopy to demonstrate that ribosomal DNA (rDNA) can form linkages between chromosomes. We observed rDNA linkages in many different human cell types and demonstrated their resolution in anaphase. rDNA linkages are coated by the transcription factor UBF and their formation depends on UBF, indicating that they regularly occur between transcriptionally active loci. Overexpression of c-Myc increases rDNA transcription and the frequency of rDNA linkages, further suggesting that their formation depends on active transcription. Linkages persist in the absence of cohesion, but inhibition of topoisomerase II prevents their resolution in anaphase. We propose that linkages are topological intertwines occurring between transcriptionally active rDNA loci spatially colocated in the same nucleolar compartment. Our findings suggest that active DNA loci engage in physical interchromosomal connections that are an integral and pervasive feature of genome organization.
Developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 1 modulates ciliogenesis via an interaction with Dishevelled
Authors: Lee Moonsup , Hwang Yoo-Seok , Yoon Jaeho , Sun Jian , Harned Adam , Nagashima Kunio , Daar Ira O.
Published: July 2019

Cilia are critical for proper embryonic development and maintaining homeostasis. Although extensively studied, there are still significant gaps regarding the proteins involved in regulating ciliogenesis. Using the Xenopus laevis embryo, we show that Dishevelled (Dvl), a key Wnt signaling scaffold that is critical to proper ciliogenesis, interacts with Drg1 (developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 1). The loss of Drg1 or disruption of the interaction with Dvl reduces the length and number of cilia and displays defects in basal body migration and docking to the apical surface of multiciliated cells (MCCs). Moreover, Drg1 morphants display abnormal rotational polarity of basal bodies and a decrease in apical actin and RhoA activity that can be attributed to disruption of the protein complex between Dvl and Daam1, as well as between Daam1 and RhoA. These results support the concept that the Drg1–Dvl interaction regulates apical actin polymerization and stability in MCCs. Thus, Drg1 is a newly identified partner of Dvl in regulating ciliogenesis.
NK cells switch from granzyme B to death receptor–mediated cytotoxicity during serial killing
Authors: Prager Isabel , Liesche Clarissa , van Ooijen Hanna , Urlaub Doris , Verron Quentin , Sandström Niklas , Fasbender Frank , Claus Maren , Eils Roland , Beaudouin Joël , Önfelt Björn , Watzl Carsten
Published: July 2019

NK cells eliminate virus-infected and tumor cells by releasing cytotoxic granules containing granzyme B (GrzB) or by engaging death receptors that initiate caspase cascades. The orchestrated interplay between both cell death pathways remains poorly defined. Here we simultaneously measure the activities of GrzB and caspase-8 in tumor cells upon contact with human NK cells. We observed that NK cells switch from inducing a fast GrzB-mediated cell death in their first killing events to a slow death receptor–mediated killing during subsequent tumor cell encounters. Target cell contact reduced intracellular GrzB and perforin and increased surface-CD95L in NK cells over time, showing how the switch in cytotoxicity pathways is controlled. Without perforin, NK cells were unable to perform GrzB-mediated serial killing and only killed once via death receptors. In contrast, the absence of CD95 on tumor targets did not impair GrzB-mediated serial killing. This demonstrates that GrzB and death receptor–mediated cytotoxicity are differentially regulated during NK cell serial killing.
Inherited IFNAR1 deficiency in otherwise healthy patients with adverse reaction to measles and yellow fever live vaccines
Authors: Hernandez Nicholas , Bucciol Giorgia , Moens Leen , Le Pen Jérémie , Shahrooei Mohammad , Goudouris Ekaterini , Shirkani Afshin , Changi-Ashtiani Majid , Rokni-Zadeh Hassan , Sayar Esra Hazar , Reisli Ismail , Lefevre-Utile Alain , Zijlmans Dick , Jurado Andrea , Pholien Ruben , Drutman Scott , Belkaya Serkan , Cobat Aurelie , Boudewijns Robbert , Jochmans Dirk , Neyts Johan , Seeleuthner Yoann , Lorenzo-Diaz Lazaro , Enemchukwu Chibuzo , Tietjen Ian , Hoffmann Hans-Heinrich , Momenilandi Mana , Pöyhönen Laura , Siqueira Marilda M. , de Lima Sheila M. Barbosa , de Souza Matos Denise C. , Homma Akira , Maia Maria de Lourdes S. , da Costa Barros Tamiris Azamor , de Oliveira Patricia Mouta Nunes , Mesquita Emersom Ciclini , Gijsbers Rik , Zhang Shen-Ying , Seligman Stephen J. , Abel Laurent , Hertzog Paul , Marr Nico , Martins Reinaldo de Menezes , Meyts Isabelle , Zhang Qian , MacDonald Margaret R. , Rice Charles M. , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Jouanguy Emmanuelle , Bossuyt Xavier
Published: July 2019

Vaccination against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) and yellow fever (YF) with live attenuated viruses can rarely cause life-threatening disease. Severe illness by MMR vaccines can be caused by inborn errors of type I and/or III interferon (IFN) immunity (mutations in IFNAR2, STAT1, or STAT2). Adverse reactions to the YF vaccine have remained unexplained. We report two otherwise healthy patients, a 9-yr-old boy in Iran with severe measles vaccine disease at 1 yr and a 14-yr-old girl in Brazil with viscerotropic disease caused by the YF vaccine at 12 yr. The Iranian patient is homozygous and the Brazilian patient compound heterozygous for loss-of-function IFNAR1 variations. Patient-derived fibroblasts are susceptible to viruses, including the YF and measles virus vaccine strains, in the absence or presence of exogenous type I IFN. The patients’ fibroblast phenotypes are rescued with WT IFNAR1. Autosomal recessive, complete IFNAR1 deficiency can result in life-threatening complications of vaccination with live attenuated measles and YF viruses in previously healthy individuals.
Topological superfluidity with repulsive alkaline-earth atoms in optical lattices
Authors: Isaev L , Kaufman A , Ortiz G , Rey A M
Published: July 2019

We discuss a realization of topological superfluidity with fermionic atoms in an optical lattice. We consider a situation where atoms in two internal states experience different lattice potentials: one species is localized and the other itinerant, and show how quantum fluctuations of the localized fermions give rise to an attraction and spin–orbit coupling in the itinerant band. At low temperature, these effects stabilize a topological superfluid of mobile atoms even if their bare interactions are repulsive. This emergent state can be engineered with alkaline-earth atoms in a superlattice with a dimerized unit cell. To probe its unique properties we describe protocols that use high spectral resolution and controllability of a narrow clock transition, such as momentum-resolved spectroscopy and supercurrent response to a synthetic (laser-induced) magnetic field.
Effect of reduction temperature and sodium-based additives on nickel upgrading process of laterites ores
Authors: Shofi A , Rahmahwati A , Nurjaman F , Suharno B
Published: July 2019

In this present work, the selective reduction of nickel laterite was conducted by using 10 wt. % of sodium carbonate, sodium chloride and sodium sulphate as additives. The 5 wt. % of palm shell charcoal was used as the reductant. The selective reduction process for nickel laterite was carried out from 950ºC to 1150ºC for 60 minutes followed by wet magnetic separation using 500 Gausses permanent magnet. The characterization of reduced ore was performed by X-Ray Diffraction, optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, while the chemical composition of concentrate or ferronickel was identified by X-Ray Fluorescence. The results showed that the nickel grade was increased with the increasing of reduction temperature for nickel ore with sodium sulfate additive. Nevertheless, it was relatively constant for sodium carbonate and sodium chloride additive. Nickel recoveries found increased with the increasing of reduction temperatures of nickel ore with sodium-based additives. The ferronickel particle was agglomerated and growth with the increasing of reduction temperature, thus it provided favourable conditions for the separation of ferronickel from impurities in the magnetic separation process.
The effect of nitrogen dopant on hydrogenated graphene for hydrogen storage application
Authors: Ganta M , Susilo D N A , Sunnardianto G K , Handayani M
Published: July 2019

We investigated the effect of nitrogen dopant on the charge transfer rate (CTR) and reaction pathways of hydrogen molecule dissociation on graphene and nitrogen-doped graphene based upon first principle calculation. We found that the nitrogen atom form covalent bonds with the carbon atoms with bond length of C-N of 1.41 Å. The geometry optimization results in nitrogen doped pristine graphene revealed that nitrogen pulled downward the nearest neighbor of carbon atom, thus the structure is a bit downward. We found the charge transfer rates from hydrogen to carbon atom is decrease with respect to pristine graphene and nitrogen doping also can decrease the activation barrier of hydrogen molecule dissociation on graphene surfaces.