bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CD82 Blocks cMet Activation and Overcomes Hepatocyte Growth Factor Effects on Oligodendrocyte Precursor Differentiation
Authors: Mela Angeliki , Goldman James E.
Published: May 2013

Mechanisms that regulate oligodendrocyte (OL) precursor migration and differentiation are important in normal development and in demyelinating/remyelinating conditions. We previously found that the tetraspanin CD82 is far more highly expressed in O4+OL precursors of the adult rat brain than those of the neonatal brain. CD82 has been physically linked to cMet, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, in tumor cells, and this interaction decreases downstream signaling. We show here that CD82 inhibits the HGF activation of cMet in neonatal and adult rat OL precursors.CD82expression is sufficient to allow precursor differentiation into mature OLs even in the presence of HGF. In contrast,CD82downregulation in adult O4+/CD82+cells inhibits their differentiation, decreases their accumulation of myelin proteins, and causes a reversion to less mature stages.CD82expression in neonatal O4+/CD82−cells also blocks Rac1 activation, suggesting a possible regulatory effect on cytoskeletal organization and mobility. Thus, CD82 is a negative regulator of HGF/cMet during OL development and overcomes HGF inhibitory regulation of OL precursor maturation.
Infection and inflammatory mechanisms
Authors: Van Dyke Thomas E. , van Winkelhoff Arie Jan
Published: May 2013

This introductory article examines the potential mechanisms that may play a role in the associations between periodontitis and the systemic conditions being considered in the EFP/AAP Workshop in Segovia, Spain. Three basic mechanisms have been postulated to play a role in these interactions; metastatic infections,inflammation and inflammatory injury, and adaptive immunity. The potential role of each alone and together is considered in in vitro and animal studies and in human studies when available. This is not a systematic or critical review, but rather an overview of the field to set the stage for the critical reviews in each of the working groups.
A review of the evidence for pathogenic mechanisms that may link periodontitis and diabetes
Authors: Taylor John J. , Preshaw Philip M. , Lalla Evanthia
Published: May 2013

Aims: To review the evidence for the molecular and cellular processes that may potentially link periodontal disease and diabetes. The pathogenic roles of cytokines and metabolic molecules (e.g. glucose, lipids) are explored and the role of periodontal bacteria is also addressed. Paradigms for bidirectional relationships between periodontitis and diabetes are discussed and opportunities for elaborating these models are considered.

Methods: Database searches were performed using MeSH terms, keywords, and title words. Studies were evaluated and summarized in a narrative review. Results: Periodontal microbiota appears unaltered by diabetes and there is little evidence that it may influence glycaemic control. Small‐scale clinical studies and experiments in animal models suggest that IL‐1b, TNF‐a, IL‐6, OPG and RANKL may mediate periodontitis in diabetes. The AGE‐RAGE axis is likely an important pathway of tissue destruction and impaired repair in diabetesassociated periodontitis. A role for locally activated pro‐inflammatory factors in the periodontium, which subsequently impact on diabetes, remains speculative.

Conclusion: There is substantial information on potential mechanistic pathways which support a close association between diabetes and periodontitis, but there is a real need for longitudinal clinical studies using larger patient groups, integrated with studies of animal models and cells/tissues in vitro.
Epidemiology of association between maternal periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes – systematic review
Authors: Ide Mark , Papapanou Panos N.
Published: May 2013

Background: and objectives: There is still debate regarding potential relationships between maternal periodontitis during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the available epidemiological evidence on this association.

Data sources: Combined electronic and hand search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE and Cochrane Central Register databases.

Study eligibility criteria: Original publications reporting data from cross‐sectional, case‐control or prospective cohort epidemiological studies on the association between periodontal status and preterm birth, low birthweight (LBW) or preeclampsia. The search was not limited to publications in English. All selected studies provided data based on professional assessments of periodontal status, and outcome variables, including preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation), LBW (<2500 g), gestational age, small for gestational age, birthweight, pregnancy loss or miscarriage, or pre‐eclampsia.

Participants: Pregnant women with or without periodontal disease, and with or without adverse pregnancy outcomes, assessed either during pregnancy or postpartum. No intervention studies were included. Study appraisal and synthesis methods – Publications were assessed based on predefined screening criteria including type of periodontal assessment, consistency in the timing of the periodontal assessment with respect to gestational age, examiner masking and consideration of additional exposures and confounders.

Results: Maternal periodontitis is modestly but significantly associated with LBW and preterm birth, but the use of a categorical or a continuous exposure definition of periodontitis appears to impact the findings: Although significant associations emerge from case‐control and cross‐sectional studies using periodontitis “case definitions,” these were substantially attenuated in studies assessing periodontitis as a continuous variable. Data from prospective studies followed a similar pattern, but associations were generally weaker. Maternal periodontitis was significantly associated with pre‐eclampsia.

Limitations: There is a high degree of variability in study populations, recruitment and assessment, as well as differences in how data are recorded and handled. As a result, studies included in meta‐analyses show a high degree of heterogeneity.

Conclusions and implications: of key findings: Maternal periodontitis is modestly but independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the findings are impacted by periodontitis case definitions. It is suggested that future studies employ both continuous and categorical assessments of periodontal status. Further use of the composite outcome preterm LBW is not encouraged.
What's Educational about Open Educational Resources? Different Theoretical Lenses for Conceptualizing Learning with OER
Authors: Panke Stefanie , Seufert Tina
Published: May 2013

In the last decade, the concept of Open Educational Resources (OER) has gained an undeniable momentum. However, it is an easy trap to confuse download and registration rates with actual learning and interest in the adoption and reuse of OER. If we focus solely on access, we cannot differentiate between processes of mere information foraging and deep sense-making activities. The article provides an overview of the OER movement, stressing emerging concerns surrounding the educational efficacy of OER and highlighting learning theories which aid our understanding of this growing domain. The authors discuss building-blocks for a theoretical framework that allows us to conceptualize the learner's part in open educational practices, also characterizing challenges of open learning and traits of successful open learners.
Learning and Open Educational Resources: A Psychological Perspective
Authors: Terras Melody M. , Ramsay Judith , Boyle Elizabeth
Published: May 2013

The provision of Open Educational Resources (OER) means that learning horizons are no longer restricted by time and space. However, if the learning potential of OER is to be fully realised, educators and students must have the media literacy skills to select, use and produce information in a judicious and useful way. A consideration of the psychological dimensions of media literacy skills is crucial to maximise the learning opportunities offered by OER. Although learning platforms may be shifting to online content, the fundamental issues remain: How do we learn? How can learning be facilitated? These core psychological issues are key to the appropriate deployment and use of OER. The authors highlight how psychological theory and research has contributed to our understanding of technology-mediated interactions and the learning process, and consider how psychology can contribute to our understanding and application of OER as a learning facilitator. They discuss how advances in Web 2.0 technology may help maximise participation in learning and consider the potential psychological barriers and enablers to the uptake and use of OER.
From Learning in Coffee Houses to Learning with Open Educational Resources
Authors: Peter Sandra , Farrell Lesley
Published: May 2013

What is ‘open’ about Open Educational Resources? How does education become ‘open’ when it is removed from the institutional housing of the school or the university and develops in public social settings? Has the Internet, in providing educational content without cost and free of copyright restrictions, provoked a unique and fundamental shift in what we understand education to be and who we understand it to be for? The authors analyse the persistent but elusive claims to ‘openness' in education by examining two moments when education seemed to be released from institutional constraints to be accessible to ‘everyone’. They look at today's Open Educational Resources and the coffee houses of Europe at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Their focus is the learner – what constitutes access, the role of technologies in enhancing access, and the social and institutional constraints which are always in tension with the affordances of technologies.
Open Education and Bildung as Kindred Spirits
Authors: Deimann Markus
Published: May 2013

Among the most important of the tremendous changes that have been taken place in teaching and learning throughout recent years has been a move towards ‘openness' in education. This includes an increased availability of alternatively licensed resources as well as extended possibilities for formal and quasi-formal learning in the context of open courses. Since learning theories typically conceive of learning as occurring in clearly structured environments, they are not necessarily well suited to understanding the specific characteristics and general significance of open education. Consequently, a broader concept apposite to the breadth and variety of experiences of learning in open and complex settings would be valuable. One such concept has its origin in the German philosophy of education, and goes by the name of Bildung. This article is aimed at getting insight into this theory because it reflects broader concepts than conventional learning theories, and suggesting a way of applying this framework to a range of relevant aspects of open education. This is done in the hope that Bildung may evolve from a quite unknown body of knowledge to a valuable resource to be consulted for guidance and advice as the possibilities for personal development and maturation continue to evolve.
Sucralose Affects Glycemic and Hormonal Responses to an Oral Glucose Load
Authors: Pepino M. Yanina , Tiemann Courtney D. , Patterson Bruce W. , Wice Burton M. , Klein Samuel
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE

Nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS), such as sucralose, have been reported to have metabolic effects in animal models. However, the relevance of these findings to human subjects is not clear. We evaluated the acute effects of sucralose ingestion on the metabolic response to an oral glucose load in obese subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Seventeen obese subjects (BMI 42.3 ± 1.6 kg/m2) who did not use NNS and were insulin sensitive (based on a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance score ≤2.6) underwent a 5-h modified oral glucose tolerance test on two separate occasions preceded by consuming either sucralose (experimental condition) or water (control condition) 10 min before the glucose load in a randomized crossover design. Indices of β-cell function, insulin sensitivity (SI), and insulin clearance rates were estimated by using minimal models of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide kinetics.

RESULTS

Compared with the control condition, sucralose ingestion caused 1) a greater incremental increase in peak plasma glucose concentrations (4.2 ± 0.2 vs. 4.8 ± 0.3 mmol/L; P = 0.03), 2) a 20 ± 8% greater incremental increase in insulin area under the curve (AUC) (P < 0.03), 3) a 22 ± 7% greater peak insulin secretion rate (P < 0.02), 4) a 7 ± 4% decrease in insulin clearance (P = 0.04), and 5) a 23 ± 20% decrease in SI (P = 0.01). There were no significant differences between conditions in active glucagon-like peptide 1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon incremental AUC, or indices of the sensitivity of the β-cell response to glucose.

CONCLUSIONS

These data demonstrate that sucralose affects the glycemic and insulin responses to an oral glucose load in obese people who do not normally consume NNS.
Association between previous splenectomy and gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs: 453 cases (2004–2009)
Authors: Sartor Angela J. , Bentley Adrienne M. , Brown Dorothy C.
Published: May 2013

Objective—To evaluate the association between previous splenectomy and gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) in dogs.

Design—Multi-institutional retrospective case-control study.

Animals—151 dogs treated surgically for GDV and 302 control dogs with no history of GDV.

Procedures—Computerized records of dogs evaluated via exploratory laparotomy or abdominal ultrasonography were searched, and dogs with GDV and dogs without GDV (control dogs) were identified. Two control dogs were matched with respect to age, body weight, sex, neuter status, and breed to each dog with GDV. Data were collected on the presence or absence of the spleen for both dogs with GDV and control dogs. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association of previous splenectomy with GDV.

Results—6 (4%) dogs in the GDV group and 3 (1%) dogs in the control group had a history of previous splenectomy. The odds of GDV in dogs with a history of previous splenectomy in this population of dogs were 5.3 times those of dogs without a history of previous splenectomy (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 26.8).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—For the patients in the present study, there was an increased odds of GDV in dogs with a history of splenectomy. Prophylactic gastropexy may be considered in dogs undergoing a splenectomy, particularly if other risk factors for GDV are present.
Adrenal gland function in a dog following unilateral complete adrenalectomy and contralateral partial adrenalectomy
Authors: Larson Ross N. , Schmiedt Chad W. , Wang Andrea , Lawrence Jessica , Howerth Elizabeth W. , Holmes Shannon P. , Grey Susan W.
Published: May 2013

Case Description—A 40.3-kg (88.7-lb) 6-year-old spayed female Labrador Retriever was evaluated because of acute unilateral epistaxis.

Clinical Findings—During the initial evaluation of the dog, systemic hypertension and a left adrenal gland mass were detected. The left adrenal gland mass was surgically removed; results of histologic examination of the mass indicated it was a pheochromocytoma. Ten months later, the dog was evaluated because of persistent systemic hypertension and development of polyuria, polydipsia, and excessive panting. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a mass in the cranial aspect of the right adrenal gland; results of MRI suggested the mass was a malignant tumor.

Treatment and Outcome—Epistaxis resolved after treatment and resolution of severe systemic hypertension. A partial right adrenalectomy was performed to remove the right adrenal gland mass. Results of histologic examination of the mass indicated it was a well-differentiated carcinoma of the cortex of the adrenal gland. Results of ACTH stimulation tests after surgery indicated the dog had adequate adrenal gland function.

Clinical Relevance—Partial adrenalectomy may be a safe and feasible treatment option to preserve adrenal gland function in dogs with small eccentrically located adrenal gland masses, particularly for dogs that have undergone removal of the contralateral adrenal gland.
Cestode fauna of feral pigeons in Thessaloniki; Northern Greece
Authors: Diakou A. , Ptochos S. , Papadopoulos E.
Published: May 2013

The common pigeon (Columba livia) is adapted to a variety of habitats; including big cities and rural areas everywhere in the world. Several studies confirm that feral pigeons pose a considerable health risk to the livestock and human population. They may serve as a reservoir for several pathogenic agents that can be transmitted to poultry; wildlife; domesticated pets and humans. The aim of this survey was to investigate the cestode species present in feral pigeons in Thessaloniki; Northern Greece. A total of 136 adult feral pigeons were necropsied and the cestodes recovered were preserved for identification using morphological keys. Ninety-six (70.58 %) of them were found to be infected with cestode parasites; which were identified to be Raillietina spp.: 84 (61.76 %) were infected with R. echinobothrida; 20 (14.7 %) with R. cesticillus and 8 (5.88%) with R. tetragona. Single infection was recorded in 80 birds (83.3 % of the infected population); while a significantly lower number; i.e. 16 birds (16.7 %); had a mixed infection with R. echinobothrida and R. cesticillus (p ≤ 0.05). The current study confirms that feral pigeons in Northern Greece are heavily infected with cestode parasites. Therefore; it was concluded that feral pigeon management programmes and public education should be implemented to reduce the risk of a pigeon-to-human or livestock transmission of pathogenic agents and parasites in the country.
Subulura mackoi n. sp. (Nematoda: Subuluridae) and the zoogeography of subulurids parasitizing birds
Authors: Baruš V. , Mašová Š. , Koubková B. , Sitko J.
Published: May 2013

A new nematode species, Subulura mackoi n. sp., is described based on specimens from the colon and caecum of the Eurasian Scops Owl Otus scops (L.) (Aves: Strigiformes) from the Czech Republic, collected in 2011. Males are characterized by 10 pairs of caudal papillae, a single papilla on the upper lip of the cloaca, and small unequal spiculae; female distinguishing features are body length, distance of the vulva from the anterior extremity, tail length, and egg dimension.

Analysis of the zoogeographical distribution and host specialization (in the bird orders) of 68 valid species from the genus Subulura Molin, 1860 shows significantly high species diversity in the tropical zones. Only one species, S. brumpti, is a cosmopolitan parasite of Gallus gallus f. domestica and other domesticated gallinaceous birds. Zoogeographical-host interactions may be utilized to support the identification of morphospecies of the genus Subulura.
Helminth fauna of the Eurasian marsh frog, Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) (Anura: Ranidae), collected from Denizli Province, Inner-West Anatolia Region, Turkey
Authors: Düşen S. , Öz M.
Published: May 2013

In this research, a total of 298 Eurasian marsh frogs, Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) were collected from different localities in Denizli province (Inner-west Anatolia Region, the eastern part of Aegean Region) Turkey between 2006 and 2009 and examined for helminths. Of 262 (87.91 %) Pelophylax ridibundus samples were infected with one or more helminths. Pelophylax ridibundus harbored eight species of digeneans (Diplodiscus subclavatus, Gorgoderina vitelliloba, Gorgodera cygnoides, Pleurogenoides medians, Prosotocus confusus, Skrjabinoeces breviansa, Encyclometra colubrimurorum and Ophistoglyhe ranae), one species of cestode (Nematotaenia dispar), two species of acanthocephalans (Acanthocephalus ranae and Pomphorhynchus laevis), and six species of nematodes (Rhabdias bufonis, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata, Oxysomatium brevicaudatum, Eustrongylides sp. and Abbreviata sp.). P. ridibundus represents a host record for Nematotaenia dispar in Turkey.
Shoulder Pain and Mobility Deficits: Adhesive Capsulitis
Authors: Kelley Martin J. , Shaffer Michael A. , Kuhn John E. , Michener Lori A. , Seitz Amee L. , Uhl Tim L. , Godges Joseph J. , McClure Philip
Published: May 2013

The Orthopaedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) has an ongoing effort to create evidence-based practice guidelines for orthopaedic physical therapy management of patients with musculoskeletal impairments described in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). The purpose of these clinical practice guidelines is to describe the peer-reviewed literature and make recommendations related to adhesive capsulitis.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(5):A1–A31. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.0302
The Clown’s Lost Twin: Messianic Moments in Hanoch Levin’s Drama
Authors: Lipshitz Yair
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT:

During the last decade of the twentieth century, leading Israeli playwright Hanoch Levin has returned several times to the issue of redemption and the figure of the Messiah, both heavily laden with political-theological meanings in Israeli culture. The article explores Levin’s messianic moments as an alternative to the prominent Israeli discourses regarding messianism. Instead of entirely debunking the Jewish messianic tradition, as other Israeli playwrights of the period have done (and while scathingly criticizing it), Levin recharges this tradition with new political and theatrical meanings. Levin’s drama includes a line of weak, seemingly “failing” Messiahs and, through them, asks questions about the conceptualization of dramatic time and the power structures of spectatorship, within and without the theatre.
SEX, LIES, AND HIV: MABIOR AND THE CONCEPT OF SEXUAL FRAUD
Authors: Shaffer Martha
Published: May 2013

This article argues that the Court missed an opportunity to reconsider the test for sexual fraud it had laid out in its 1998 decision in R v Cuerrier, a test that since its inception has proven difficult to apply. It argues that the standard in Mabior is unlikely to provide people living with HIV and other sexually transmitted infections the certainty lacking under Cuerrier and that the judgment fails to advance the development of the concept of consent in the law of sexual assault.
"We Need to Get Away from a Culture of Denial"?
Authors: Müller Lars
Published: May 2013

The question of whether the German-Herero War (1904-1907) may be called a genocide has been debated in German politics for over twenty years. This article explores the representations of this event in German history textbooks in the context of this ongoing debate. Textbooks are not merely the end product of a negotiation process. Rather, as media and objects of memory politics, they are part of a societal negotiation process to determine relevant knowledge. Changes made to textbooks in relation to this controversial topic take place in very short periods of time and often go beyond what appears to meet with mutual agreement in the political sphere.
Hydrocephalus after arteriovenous malformation rupture
Authors: Gross Bradley A. , Rosalind Lai Pui Man , Du Rose
Published: May 2013

Object

The rates and risk factors for external ventricular drain (EVD) placement and long-term shunt dependence in patients with ruptured arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have not been systematically studied. In this study the authors evaluated the rates of EVD placement and shunt dependence, and risk factors for them, in a cohort of patients with ruptured AVMs.

Methods

The records of 87 consecutive patients with ruptured AVMs were reviewed for patient demographics, hemorrhage pattern, AVM angioarchitectural features, and surgical treatment. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate risk factors for EVD placement, permanent shunt dependence, and long-term outcome (as measured by the modified Rankin Scale).

Results

Thirty-eight patients (44%) required EVD placement, and 16 (18%) required a permanent shunt. Statistically significant risk factors for EVD placement in the univariate analysis included initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (p = 0.002), the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH; p < 0.001), AVM-associated aneurysms (p = 0.002), and early surgery (p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed only AVM-associated aneurysms as statistically significant (p = 0.006). Risk factors for shunt placement included initial GCS score (p = 0.003), IVH (p = 0.01), deep supratentorial location (p = 0.034), and associated aneurysms (p = 0.03). Multivariate analysis revealed initial GCS score as a statistically significant risk factor (p = 0.041) as well as a strong trend for associated aneurysms (p = 0.06). Patient age, sex, associated subarachnoid hemorrhage, AVM grade, AVM size, and deep venous drainage were not associated with EVD placement or long-term shunt dependence.

Conclusions

Hydrocephalus from AVM rupture was associated with initial GCS score, IVH, and AVM-associated aneurysms. Arteriovenous malformations with associated aneurysms thus not only have a greater risk of hemorrhage but also a greater risk of hemorrhage-associated morbidity as a result of hydrocephalus.
Decompressive hemicraniectomy for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Takeuchi Satoru , Wada Kojiro , Nagatani Kimihiro , Otani Naoki , Mori Kentaro
Published: May 2013

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is devastating, with high mortality rates, but its optimum management has not been fully established. Decompressive hemicraniectomy is a surgical procedure used to relieve the malignant elevation of intracranial pressure. The application of decompressive hemicraniectomy in patients with hemispheric ICH has been much less common, although several studies have shown the usefulness of this procedure for large hemispheric ICH. In this review, the present knowledge of the safety and efficacy of this procedure are evaluated. The authors conclude that decompressive hemicraniectomy with hematoma evacuation for large ICH might be a safe and effective procedure in patients with severely disturbed consciousness and large hematoma volume.
Dabigatran, intracranial hemorrhage, and the neurosurgeon
Authors: Awad Ahmed J. , Walcott Brian P. , Stapleton Christopher J. , Yanamadala Vijay , Nahed Brian V. , Coumans Jean-Valery
Published: May 2013

Dabigatran etexilate (Pradaxa) is a novel oral anticoagulant that has gained FDA approval for the prevention of ischemic stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. In randomized trials, the incidence of hemorrhagic events has been demonstrated to be lower in patients treated with dabigatran compared with the traditional anticoagulant warfarin. However, dabigatran does not have reliable laboratory tests to measure levels of anticoagulation and there is no pharmacological antidote. These drawbacks are challenging in the setting of intracerebral hemorrhage. In this article, the authors provide background information on dabigatran, review the existing anecdotal experiences with treating intracerebral hemorrhage related to dabigatran therapy, present a case study of intracranial hemorrhage in a patient being treated with dabigatran, and suggest clinical management strategies. The development of reversal agents is urgently needed given the growing number of patients treated with this medication.
Modern intraoperative imaging modalities for the vascular neurosurgeon treating intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Goren Oded , Monteith Stephen J. , Hadani Moshe , Bakon Mati , Harnof Sagi
Published: May 2013

This paper reviews the current intraoperative imaging tools that are available to assist neurosurgeons in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This review shares the authors' experience with each modality and discusses the advantages, potential limitations, and disadvantages of each.

Surgery for ICH is directed at blood clot removal, reduction of intracranial pressure, and minimization of secondary damage associated with hematoma breakdown products. For effective occlusion and safe obliteration of vascular anomalies associated with ICH, vascular neurosurgeons today require a thorough understanding of the various intraoperative imaging modalities available for obtaining real-time information. Use of one or more of these modalities may improve the surgeon's confidence during the procedure, the patient's safety during surgery, and surgical outcome.

The modern techniques discussed include 1) indocyanine green–based video angiography, which provides real-time information based on high-quality images showing the residual filling of vascular pathological entities and the patency of blood vessels of any size in the surgical field; and 2) intraoperative angiography, which remains the gold standard intraoperative diagnostic test in the surgical management of cerebral aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations. Hybrid procedures, providing multimodality image-guided surgeries and combining endovascular with microsurgical strategies within the same surgical session, have become feasible and safe. Microdoppler is a safe, noninvasive, and reliable technique for evaluation of hemodynamics of vessels in the surgical field, with the advantage of ease of use. Intraoperative MRI provides an effective navigation tool for cavernoma surgery, in addition to assessing the extent of resection during the procedure. Intraoperative CT scanning has the advantage of very high sensitivity to acute bleeding, thereby assisting in the confirmation of the extent of hematoma evacuation and the extent of vascular anomaly resection. Intraoperative ultrasound aids navigation and evacuation assessment during intracerebral hematoma evacuation surgeries. It supports the concept of minimally invasive surgery and has undergone extensive development in recent years, with the quality of ultrasound imaging having improved considerably.

Image-guided therapy, combined with modern intraoperative imaging modalities, has changed the fundamentals of conventional vascular neurosurgery by presenting real-time visualization of both normal tissue and pathological entities. These imaging techniques are important adjuncts to the surgeon's standard surgical armamentarium. Familiarity with these imaging modalities may help the surgeon complete procedures with improved safety, efficiency, and clinical outcome.
Intracranial hemorrhage from dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical features and outcome
Authors: Daniels David J. , Vellimana Ananth K. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Lanzino Giuseppe
Published: May 2013

Object

In this paper the authors' goal was to review the clinical features and outcome of patients with intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) who presented with hemorrhage.

Methods

A retrospective study of 28 patients with DAVFs who presented with intracranial hemorrhage to 2 separate institutions was performed. The information reviewed included clinical presentation, location and size of hemorrhage, angiographic features, treatment, and clinical and radiologically documented outcomes. Clinical and radiological follow-up were available in 27 of 28 patients (mean follow-up 17 months).

Results

The vast majority of patients were male (86%), and the most common presenting symptom was sudden-onset headache. All DAVFs had cortical venous drainage, and about one-third were associated with a venous varix. The most common location was tentorial (75%). Treatment ranged from endovascular (71%), surgical (43%), Gamma Knife surgery (4%), or a combination of modalities. The majority of fistulas (75%) were completely obliterated, and most patients experienced excellent clinical outcome (71%, modified Rankin Scale score of 0 or 1). There were no complications in this series.

Conclusions

Case series, including the current one, suggest that the vast majority of patients who present with intracranial hemorrhage from a DAVF are male. The most common location for DAVFs presenting with hemorrhage is tentorial. Excellent outcomes are achieved with individualized treatment, which includes various therapeutic strategies alone or in combination. Despite the hemorrhagic presentation, almost two-thirds of patients experience a full recovery with no or minimal residual symptoms.
PrefaceThe ‘Deconstruction of Christianity’: A Special Issue
Authors: Banham Gary
Published: May 2013

The theme of the ‘deconstruction of Christianity’, which was selected for this special issue of Derrida Today, is one that arises not from the work of Derrida himself in the first instance but instead from that of Jean-L Nancy. Not only is this so but Derrida's ([2000] 2005) own view of the notion of the ‘deconstruction of Christianity’ seems, on the evidence available, to be at least open to quite a bit of interpretation given the ambiguous nature of some of his comments on the question. Given this is so it might not be thought at all obvious why this theme should be selected for a special issue of Derrida Today and in this introduction I want to address both this possible disquiet and also provide some background to the arrival of concern with this topic.
Touching the Opening of the World
Authors: Banham Gary
Published: May 2013

In this article I seek to address the way that Jean-Luc Nancy's project of the ‘deconstruction of Christianity’ relates to the understanding of what might be meant by ‘Christian art’. In the process of looking at Nancy's treatment of some signal ‘Christian’ scenes I describe some ways in which the motif of ‘touching’ arises as significant for how Nancy addresses the possibility of ‘alienation from the world’, a possibility that he takes to be central to the self-deconstructive potential of ‘Christianity’. Subsequently the topic of the distinction between ‘faith’ and ‘belief’ is related to how Derrida understands the notion of the ‘messianic’ and I conclude with a suggestion concerning how the plurality of ‘deconstructions’ might complicate the question of what is meant by the view that the ‘deconstruction of Christianity’ is itself a ‘Christian’ project.
Potential areas for whale watching in Korean waters
Authors: Song Kyung-Jun
Published: May 2013

Data from sighting surveys reveal there are four potential areas for whale watching in Korean waters (Jeju Island, Ulsan, Pohang, and coastal areas in the yellow Sea). In order to compare potential areas and species for whale watching in Korean waters, I considered 1) rate of sightings
per trip; 2) behavior of species for whale watching; 3) tourism infrastructure; and 4) weather conditions. Based on data obtained from a sighting survey in Jeju Island, the rate of sightings for Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins was 71.9%, and this value was higher than that for cetacean species
in other areas in Korean waters. This was considered to indicate a good probability of sightings, although it is rela- tively lower than those (for other species) in established whale-watching countries such as the US, Australia, and Japan (usually above 90.0% in these countries). Additionally,
the Indo-Pacific bottle- nose dolphins around Jeju Island and common dolphins in the coastal area of Ulsan and Pohang showed no avoidance behavior to boats and rode their bow waves. Jeju Island and Ulsan are consid- ered to be appropriate areas for whale watching because there is good tourism
infrastructure and related attractions such as an aquarium and whale experience hall. I conclude that the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins around Jeju Island provide the best opportunity for whale watching in Korean waters. An additional whale-watching opportunity is provided by the common
dolphins in the coastal area of Ulsan.
End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide as a Measure of Stress Response to Clustered Nursing Interventions in Neurologic Patients
Authors: Genzler Laura , Johnson Pamela Jo , Ghildayal Neha , Pangarakis Sarah , Sendelbach Sue
Published: May 2013

Background

Guidelines recommend rest periods between nursing interventions for patients with a neurologic diagnosis but do not specify a safe number of interventions.

Objectives

To examine the physiological stress response to clustered nursing interventions in neurologic patients receiving mechanical ventilation.

Methods

Prospective, comparative, descriptive design to examine effects of clustered interventions (≥6 interventions in a single nursing interaction) versus nonclustered interventions on patients’ stress. Stress response was defined as a 10% change in end-tidal carbon dioxide from before the interaction to (1) 5 and 10 minutes after the start of the interaction, (2) at the end of the interaction, and (3) 15 minutes after the interaction.

Results

The mean percent change in end-tidal carbon dioxide at 5 minutes differed significantly between patients with clustered interventions and patients with nonclustered interventions (6.7% vs −0.2%; P = .001). Patients with clustered interventions were significantly more likely than patients with low clustering to exhibit a stress response at 5 minutes (24.3% vs 0%; P = .01).

Conclusions

Neurologic patients receiving mechanical ventilation who experienced 6 or more clustered nursing interventions showed a higher mean change in end-tidal carbon dioxide than did patients who received fewer than 6 clustered interventions. These findings suggest that providing fewer interventions during 1 nursing interaction may minimize induced stress in neurologic patients receiving mechanical ventilation.
What Do Veterans Service Organizations' Web Sites Say about Tobacco Control?
Authors: Poston Walker S. C. , Haddock Christopher K. , Jahnke Sara A. , Jitnarin Nattinee
Published: May 2013

Purpose.

Little is known about veterans service organizations (VSOs) and their perspectives on veterans smoking or military tobacco control. Veterans have high smoking rates and many started smoking in the military, where a culture promoting use exists.

Design.

A qualitative content analysis of VSO Web sites was conducted to classify health topics and identify tobacco-related information.

Setting.

Web sites were coded by trained raters from January to June of 2011. Data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed from July 2011 to January 2012.

Subjects.

Twenty-four active VSO Web sites meeting inclusion criteria were rated independently.

Measures.

A comprehensive form was used to code 15 veteran-relevant health topics across multiple content areas/domains within the Web sites. Raters achieved 94.5% interrater agreement over nearly 5000 data points.

Analysis.

Health content was coded as present or not within multiple VSO Web site areas/domains. The frequency of coverage by each VSO Web site and the number of VSO Web sites that mentioned a health topic in different Web site areas/domains were tabulated.

Results.

A total of 277 health topics were addressed, with the top five being insurance/Tricare/Veterans Administration issues (28.2%), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 15.5%), disability/amputation/wounds (13.4%), Agent Orange (10.5%), and traumatic brain injury (9.0%). Tobacco was mentioned four times (1.4%) across all 24 VSO Web sites, and smoking cessation was never addressed.

Conclusion.

VSO Web sites provide little information on tobacco-related topics and none offered information about smoking cessation. Given the high rates of tobacco use among veterans and active-duty service members, and the interaction between smoking and PTSD symptoms and treatment outcomes, VSOs should consider making tobacco control and smoking cessation higher-priority health issues on their Web sites.
Using The Filter Bubble to Create a Teachable Moment: A Case Study Utilizing Online Personalization to Engage Students in Information Literacy Instruction
Authors: Valentine Allyson , Wukovitz Laura
Published: May 2013

Engaging students in information literacy instruction is often a challenge. The authors discuss ways they adapted information literacy instruction at York College of Pennsylvania based on concepts discussed in Eli Pariser’s book, The Filter Bubble. By approaching the students with a course theme that was interesting, timely, and personally relevant, the authors were able to break through student’s own filters to explore higher level information literacy concepts and critical thinking. Students took a personal interest in the topic, which translated into greater student engagement and increased participation. It also fostered deeper reading and reflection about how information is communicated and used by a variety of audiences.
Dr. Fran Caplan Retires after 34 Years at RMU
Authors: Klentzin Jacqueline Courtney
Published: May 2013

Recent retirements at Robert Morris University are announced.
'Wildcat Comic Con' Returning on Sept. 28
Authors: Eichenlaub Joann
Published: May 2013

The second annual Wildcat Comic Con returns to the Pennsylvania College of Technology on Sept. 28, 2013.
Vol. 6, Issue 1
Authors: Tighe Tara
Published: May 2013

Vol. 6, Issue 1
A review on some results on local conservation laws for certain evolution equations
Authors: Freire I. L. , Sampaio J. C. S.
Published: May 2013

In this work we revisit some recent results on conservation laws for a class of fifth-order evolution equations up to fifth-order.
Strip Diagrams: Illuminating Proportions
Authors: Cohen Jessica S.
Published: May 2013

Use strip diagrams to model and solve problems requiring proportional reasoning.
Entre plaisir et contrôle
Authors: Godin Laurence
Published: May 2013

Cet article traite du lien qui existe entre les habitudes alimentaires et les discours normatifs sur l’alimentation. La notion d’équilibre est le point central autour duquel s’organise l’opposition entre plaisir et contrôle. Les conclusions tirées de cet article proviennent d’une série d’entretiens menés auprès d’individus qui font de l’entraînement physique sur une base régulière. Pour eux, l’équilibre s’obtient par les pratiques alimentaires, mais surtout par la mise en oeuvre du dosage entre plaisir et contrôle. Selon l’auteur, le lien social est la pierre angulaire de cet équilibre et son analyse l’amène à postuler qu’une propension forte au contrôle semble déranger le fonctionnement relationnel, exposant ainsi le mangeur à l’isolement et à la stigmatisation. C’est dans cet horizon que se dessine la frontière entre le normal et le pathologique.
Processos emergentes do jornalismo na internet brasileira: “novos jornalistas” na era da informação digital
Authors: Deak Andre , Foletto Leonardo
Published: May 2013

Em tempos de convergência tecnológica, o jornalismo tem passado por profundas transformações deontológicas e teóricas que têm ocasionado, por sua vez, transformações nas funções até então típicas do jornalismo. A partir do estudo realizado para uma dissertação de mestrado (DEAK, 2011) sobre alguns profissionais envolvidos em atividades jornalísticas tidas como emergentes no mundo digital, este trabalho propõe categorias para delimitar novas ocupações jornalísticas dentro do ciberjornalismo. São elas: jornalista programador, jornalista especialista em bancos de dados, gestor/editor de mídias sociais, jornalista multimídia, produtor web e jornalista empreendedor. Essas categorias apontam para um “novo” jornalismo emergente na rede, que exige dos profissionais cada vez mais noções de área como programação de sites, desenvolvimento de bancos de dados, gestão de mídias sociais, produção multimídia, produção web e empreendedorismo.
Cultura e variedades: aproximações e divergências entre as edições impressas e online na Folha de S. Paulo
Authors: Seligman Laura
Published: May 2013

O jornalismo online promove a transformação da prática jornalística. A teoria aponta para mudanças em sua forma de apurar e de escrever. Esta pesquisa averiguou como essa transformação se dá em relação às pautas culturais e sua edição em veículos na web. É esse comparativo o objetivo desta pesquisa, em que foi analisado o conteúdo e os gêneros jornalísticos de cada um dos suportes no mesmo título – a Folha de S. Paulo online e sua edição em papel – na editoria de Variedades. A partir da Análise de Conteúdo como método, em um período de um mês, escolhido aleatoriamente durante o ano de 2011, traçamos o perfil do conteúdo publicado nessa editoria em seus diferenciados suportes. Encontramos mais aproximações do que afastamentos, por causa da utilização ainda precária dos recursos da web. O jornalismo online caminha devagar em direção à utilização de ferramentas, reproduzindo o conteúdo de papel com atualização precária e pouca ou nenhuma interação.
Sorria, você está sendo filmado: o telejornalismo apócrifo e o efeito de tragicidade das imagens de videovigilância
Authors: Andrade Ana Paula Goulart de , Azevedo Sandro Tôrres de
Published: May 2013

A proposta deste artigo é analisar os efeitos de sentido advindos de imagens capturadas especificamente por videovigilância e utilizadas na narrativa construída pelos telejornais locais e nacionais, dando continuidade à pesquisa sobre o "telejornalismo apócrifo", empreendida pelos autores desde 2010. Pretende-se aqui questionar os critérios de noticiabilidade a partir da escolha de enquadramentos e tratamentos próprios do Jornalismo Televisivo que remetam à ideia de tragicidade. Busca-se explorar fundamentos teóricos relacionados à questão do discurso midiático no cenário contemporâneo (mormente a conceitos dados por autores de áreas conexas à Comunicação, como Michel Foucault, Mauro Wolf, Peter Berger e Thomas Luckman, Erving Goffman, entre outros), para se estabelecer uma reflexão sobre o objeto de pesquisa e sobre os objetos de análise elencados. Ainda para alcançar esse objetivo, utiliza-se o ferramental teórico da Semiótica Discursiva Francesa (greimasiana), especialmente sob a visão de Eric Landowski. Um comercial da marca Coca-cola e uma matéria telejornalística baseados em imagens de videovigilância servirão de artifícios para o estudo de caso e verificação das proposições relacionadas ao universo discursivo que figura atualmente nas práticas telejornalísticas.
Asymmetric Rhodium‐Catalyzed 1,4‐ and 1,2‐Additions of Arylboronic Acids to Activated Ketones in Water at Room Temperature Using a Mixed Sulfur‐Olefin Ligand
Authors: Khiar Noureddine , Valdivia Victoria , Salvador Álvaro , Chelouan Ahmed , Alcudia Ana , Fernández Inmaculada
Published: May 2013

Performing catalytic enantioselective reactions, especially enantioselective carbon‐carbon bond forming reactions, in water without using any organic solvents is one of the important goals in modern asymmetric synthesis. Herein, we report an efficient enantioselective micellar catalytic approach for the 1,4‐addition of arylboronic acids to cyclic ketones. Noteworthy, applying the same catalytic system we have also developed the first addition of boronic acids to the more challenging α‐keto carbonyl compounds in water, affording tertiary carbinols with high yields and high enantioselectivities. Beside the mild conditions used, the reported processes use as catalyst precursor the robust sulfinamido‐olefin mixed ligand 1 obtained on a multigram scale and in one step from a sugar‐derived sulfinate ester.
Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Alkyl Grignard Reagents to Aliphatic Aldehydes
Authors: Fernández‐Mateos Emilio , Maciá Beatriz , Yus Miguel
Published: May 2013

Herein, we report an efficient catalytic system for the enantioselective addition of alkyl Grignard reagents to a broad range of aliphatic aldehydes with good yields and enantioselectivities. Remarkably, the challenging methylmagnesium bromide (MeMgBr) can also be added to a variety of aliphatic aldehydes, providing versatile chiral methyl carbinol units with unprecedented yields and enantioselectivities in a simple one‐pot procedure under mild conditions.
A Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Cascade Dehydrogenative– Dehalogenative Reaction
Authors: Liang Lei , Yang Guanyu , Wang Wei , Xu Fengrong , Niu Yan , Sun Qi , Xu Ping
Published: May 2013

A copper‐catalyzed cascade dehydrogenative and dehalogenative reaction of halogenated 6‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydropyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones to 6‐phenylpyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones has been developed. Moreover, the catalytic system consisting of copper(II) acetate/sodium carbonate/pyridine exhibits high reactivity and selectivity with oxygen as the terminal oxidant.