bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palivizumab prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients younger than 2 years of age with congenital heart disease
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Hassan A. , Agouba Rihab , Obaidy Islam El , Alhabshan Fahad , Abu-Sulaiman Riyadh
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a viral pathogen that causes annual epidemics of lower respiratory tract infection with substantial morbidity and mortality in young children, especially those with congenital heart disease (CHD). Palivizumab is the only immunoprophylaxis therapy approved for RSV infection in infants with hemodynamically significant acyanotic or cyanotic CHD.

OBJECTIVE:

Identify the compliance rate with vaccination and study the effect of RSV vaccination on hospital admissions.

DESIGN:

Retrospective descriptive study.

SETTING:

Cardiac center.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Patient data was obtained from outpatient clinic records, inpatient records, and a surgical database for the period from October 2010 to March 2016. Infants with hemodynamically significant CHD, cyanotic CHD and moderate-to-severe pulmonary hypertension were included in the study. Palivizumab 15/mg/kg was given monthly starting from October, the usual beginning of the epidemic season, with five doses in the first season and six doses in the remaining season scheduled for administration. Patients were interviewed at every clinic visit for any side effects during the previous month, occurrence of any RSV infection and any hospital admission. Selection criteria included RSV vaccination and absence of RSV disease. Patients were excluded if they had RSV infection or a repaired cardiac lesion.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Compliance rate, hospital admission frequency and period of stay.

SAMPLE SIZE:

530 during six seasons of RSV epidemics.

RESULTS:

Fourteen patients (2.6%) developed RSV infection and 13 (2.5%) required hospital admission, but only one patient (0.1%) needed intensive care admission. There were no deaths related to RSV infection; however 11 patients died due to causes unrelated to RSV infection. The average compliance rate was 97%.

CONCLUSION:

Palivizumab was well tolerated and effective in the prophylaxis of severe RSV infection in children with CHD. As in other studies of palivizumab prophylaxis, we observed a reduction in hospital admissions.

LIMITATIONS:

Retrospective design.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None.
PENGEMASAN BUAH DAN SAYUR DENGAN ATMOSFIR TERMODIFIKASI
Authors: Pardede Erika
Published: February 2021

Being living organs, fresh harvested fruits and vegetables remain metabolically active and undergo ripening and senescence processes. They needs oxygen to stay alive, which is vital for energy production through respiration process. Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) technology utilises in-packaging equilibrium atmosphere, in which the relatively low oxygen and high carbondioxide concentration is achieved naturally inside the package as respiration occurs, which later on leads to a lower respiration rate. Low oxygen concentration could also be achieved by replacing some oxygen with nitrogen and/or application of oxygen scavenger inside in package, thus the respiration rate is reduced and the aging process is retarded. The use of packaging films of correct intermediary permiability to meet a desirable equilibrium modified atmosphere become a key to the succes of MAP. A new technique, so called Perforation-Mediated Modified Atmosphere Packaging (PM-MAP), by having microperforation in the plastic films is applied to correct the exchange of air during storage. Therefore Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) technology offers advantages which leads to extension of the shelf life of fresh produces. Fresh and fresh-cut food industry utilise this advantages to meet the growing demand of convinient and fresh quality fruits and vegetables, in order to maintain freshness quality attributes and to extend the shelf life.
The Influence Of The Mixture Feed Kayambang (Salvinia Molesta D. S Mitchell) With Different Compositions To The Growth Of Sangkuriang Catfish (Clariass Spp) Enlargement Age (Grower)
Authors: Fathia Siti Diana , Susilawaty Soesy Asiah , Solihat Rini
Published: February 2021

Experimental research aims to determine the influence of mixed feed S. Molesta with different composition on the growth of Clarias Sp. The treatment carried out on this study included 3 different compositions of the S. Molesta flour is treatment A composition of the addition of S. Molesta is different from 20.62 grams (to reach A protein 30%), B treatment of S. Molesta composition given at 13.34 grams (to achieve protein 40%), and the treatment C composition of S. Molesta of 6, 05 gram (to reach protein 50%) and control (feeding factory F782). From the results of the study showed that the influence of artificial feed S. Molesta is best at treatment A and the lowest at the treatment of C. Based on research conducted the average weight increase Clarias SP is in the treatment of A 0.781 grams and the most significant increase in the length of the average in treatment A (30% protein) increased by 0.433 cm. Friedman test results show there is a difference in weight and length Clarias sp which is given the treatment of feed A, B and C and feed the plant (P > 0.05). The conclusion of the study was the influence of the feed mix S. Molesta to Growth Clarias SP age enlargement.
Molecular Characterization of Rhizobacteria (Isolate EO-4) as Potential Solvent of Phosphate in-vitro from the Mangrove Ecosystem of Teluk Awur, Jepara-Indonesia
Authors: Oktaviani Eka , Ferniah Rejeki Siti , Lunggani Arina Tri
Published: February 2021

Rejuvenation and conservation of mangrove ecosystems, especially the Teluk Awur mangrove ecosystem, Jepara Regency, can be done by using bacteria that are capable of supporting plant growth or called Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). One of the mechanisms that support plant growth by the PGPR group is phosphate dissolving activity, because the phosphate in the soil is in the form of a compound that is difficult for plants to absorb. This study aims to determine the character of Rhizobacter isolates as a superior phosphate solvent in dissolving phosphates in-vitro from the Teluk Awur mangrove ecosystem, namely isolates coded EO-4. These isolates have similar microbiological and biochemical characters to the genus Enterobacter. Molecular characterization of isolates was carried out using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method - 16S rRNA sequence analysis (comparing with 16S rRNA sequences in gene banks). The results showed that the phosphate-solubilizing rhizobacteria that were isolated had the same base pair percentage of 48% with Enterobacter pyrinus (access number NR_028875).
The Effect Of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Of Robusta Coffee On The Productivity Of Red Cry Chili (Capsicum annum L.)
Authors: Ningsih Yuli Cahya , Jayanti Ervina Titi , Efendi M. Harja
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizerfrom Robust coffee peels on the productivity of curly red chilies(Capsicum annum L). This type of research is quantitative, theresearch approach used is experimental by using a completelyrandomized design RAL consisting of 7 treatments of 5 replicationsso that there are 35 experimental units and are placed randomly,namely 0% fertilizer (P0), 10% fertilizer (P1), fertilizer. 20% (P2),30% fertilizer (P3), 40% fertilizer (P4), 50% fertilizer (P5), 60%fertilizer (P6). The data analysis technique used One-way ANOVAwith a significance level of 5% and the LSD advanced test. ANOVAtest results show that the comparison of the effect of liquid organicfertilizer on robust coffee peels has an effect on vegetative growthand generative growth in curly red chilies (Capasicum annum L.).Fertilizer treatment with a concentration of 50% (P5) had the mostsignificant effect on the number of flowers, number of fruits, wetweight and dry weight of curly red chilies. On the growth of thenumber of leaves, the concentration of 30% (P3) also gave the highesteffect and yield although not significant. The 50% concentration (P5)was the optimal concentration for the growth of plant height andlength of curly red chili plants.
Antibacterial Test of Binahong Leaf Extract Ointment (Anredera cordifolia) Against Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria from Diabetic Wounds
Authors: Umami Risa , Malika Riwayati
Published: February 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by an increase in glucose levels in the blood due to disorders of glucose metabolism in the body. The pancreas organ of people with DM has a weakness in producing the hormone insulin. As a result, the distribution of blood glucose to other organs of the body is inhibited so that glucose levels in the blood increase which causes DM sufferers to experience longer wound healing than normal humans. Binahong leaves contain alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids which have antibacterial activity which can accelerate the wound healing process. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial effect of binahong leaf extract ointment (Anredera cordifolia) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria from diabetic wounds. This research includes antibacterial test for binahong leaf extract ointment (Anredera cordifolia) with variations in the concentration of 10%, 20%, and 30% of the concentration of binahong leaf extract of 25% which resulted in a wound coverage percentage of up to 100%, namely at 30% ointment concentration. The conclusion of this study is that there was no wound closure for negative control and positive control in the form of oxytetracycline, the percentage of wound closure was 85%.
La preparación de tutores: una necesidad de la universidad contemporánea para la atención a la diversidad
Authors: Del Pino López Delbis
Published: February 2021

En el orden internacional cada vez se presta mayor atención a la problematización de los programas de superación de los tutores para potenciar el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje y la atención a la diversidad. Las funciones de la figura del tutor en Cuba se circunscriben al aspecto investigativo, que operan desde el siglo anterior, pero no es efectiva para enfrentar hoy, la dinámica de una sociedad  que se caracteriza por una gran capacidad científica y al mismo tiempo genera constante y rápidamente nuevos conocimientos. La novedad científica de este trabajo está dada en su aporte práctico pues se propone un sistema de talleres para la superación profesional del tutor de Educación Artística, que los prepara para sus múltiples funciones.Su implementación demuestra que las potencialidades del tutor preparado adecuadamente, perfeccionan el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y permiten la atención a la diversidad. En el sistema de talleres que se propone, se considera a cada estudiante, protagonista de su autoperfeccionamiento, partícipe consciente de la construcción y reconstrucción de la cultura artística. Lo anterior, constituye una manifestación de los principios que establecen la unidad entre lo cognitivo y lo afectivo y la actividad y comunicación en la formación y desarrollo de la personalidad. La pertinencia social se corrobora por ser una necesidad en el desempeño exitoso del egresado en los contextos socioculturales, pues un tutor que constituya un paradigma, potencia su desarrollo.
Sistema de tareas integradoras interdisciplinarias que contribuye a la formación pedagógica de los profesores de Ciencias Naturales
Authors: López Méndez Eric Rodolfo
Published: February 2021

El desarrollo de la interdisciplinariedad en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las Ciencias Naturales demanda la aplicación de métodos y procedimientos comunes para integrar los contenidos de Biología, Geografía, Química y Física. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo contribuir a la interdisciplinariedad en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la formación inicial de los estudiantes de las carreras pedagógicas de Ciencias Naturales en la Universidad de Pinar del Río “Hermanos Saíz Montes De Oca”. Se propone un sistema de tareas integradoras interdisciplinarias que se aplica en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura Fundamentos de Agropecuaria, la cual se imparte en el 3er. año de la carrera Biología-Geografía. Como métodos teóricos se emplearon el histórico y el lógico, el análisis y la síntesis, la inducción y la deducción, el hipotético-deductivo y el enfoque sistémico-estructural. Como métodos empíricos la encuesta, el pre-experimento y la prueba pedagógica para medir el impacto del sistema de tareas integradoras interdisciplinarias en los estudiantes. Como método estadístico-matemático el cálculo porcentual. Los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación de la estrategia didáctica basada en la implementación del sistema de tareas integradoras interdisciplinarias demostraron en la práctica que fue válida y contribuyó a la formación pedagógica interdisciplinaria de los estudiantes, ya que en la segunda prueba pedagógica el 16,6% de los estudiantes fue evaluado de E, el 54,2% de B, el 16,6% de R y solo el 12,5% de M.
Utilidad de la luz polarizada en el estudio citológico del cáncer de cérvix
Authors: Soto Velázquez Griselda
Published: February 2021

El trabajo trata un estudio observacional y descriptivo de las citologías vaginales tomadas en la consulta de patología de cuello del Hospital Materno Norte “Tamara Bunke” de Santiago de Cuba, en el período comprendido desde enero hasta julio del 2017. Con un total de 62 muestras, se procedió a cuantificar los núcleos birrefringentes de citologías negativas y diagnosticadas con los diferentes grados de displasia, haciendo énfasis en el estudio de las NIC II. Además de la valoración de la birrefringencia observada, se realizó procesamiento digital de las imágenes teniendo en cuenta variables morfométricas y densitométricas; obteniendo resultados con la utilización de medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión que permitieron llegar a la conclusión que existía correlación significativa en relación al área, diámetros y densidad óptica. Se determinó que existe correspondencia entre el diagnóstico con la luz polarizada y el método tradicional de Papanicolaou.
La formación de los recién graduados: un reto permanente y proceso necesario para su desarrollo profesional
Authors: Almenares Atencio Dolores María , Montero Silveira Esmerio , Martínez Roselló Mariela
Published: February 2021

El trabajo centra su atención en la formación de los recién graduados no solo como un reto permanente, sino también como proceso natural y necesario para su desarrollo. El desarrollo profesional necesita de nuevos aprendizajes que requiere el docente para llevar a cabo su profesión. Asimismo, aquellos aspectos laborales y de aprendizajes asociados a los centros educativos como institución en donde labora un colectivo. La formación, se legitimará cuando contribuya a ese desarrollo profesional en el ámbito laboral y de mejora de los aprendizajes profesionales. Dialogar de desarrollo profesional, más allá de la formación significa reconocer el carácter específico profesional del maestro y la existencia de un espacio donde éste pueda ser ejercido. De ahí que, implica reconocer que los profesores pueden ser verdaderos agentes sociales, planificadores y gestores de la enseñanza-aprendizaje, e intervenir en los complejos sistemas que conforman la estructura social y laboral. Estos, fueron utilizados los métodos: el análisis y la síntesis; el histórico – lógico; el análisis documental y la observación para constatar el proceso de la formación de los recién graduados de forma integrada. Por tanto, la mejora de la formación y del desarrollo profesional del recién graduado está en establecer los caminos para ir conquistando mejoras pedagógicas, laborales y sociales. De manera que, la formación sea lo suficientemente integral como para aproximarla lo más cercana posible a las realidades que enfrenta con el compromiso, el saber y la responsabilidad que deben caracterizar su desempeño.
Las dimensiones de la cultura geográfica su papel en la secundaria básica
Authors: Moreno Hernández Mikel
Published: February 2021

El trabajo que se presenta tiene por objetivo precisar las aportaciones de la cultura geográfica y sus dimensiones en el contexto educativo. Se establece un análisis de la relación existente entre educación y cultura geográfica, sobre este enfoque se precisan las dimensiones de la cultura geográfica que pueden contribuir a potenciar en el estudiante el conocimiento sobre el espacio geográfico y una mejor actitud ciudadana, lo cual tiene gran importancia en la escuela cubana.
Solución tecnológica para mejorar la seguridad en la transportación de productos mediante dispositivos electrónicos
Authors: Bravo Salvatierra Jefferson , Serrano Quevedo Ítalo Mecías , Lissabet Rivero José Luis
Published: February 2021

En la actualidad el rastreo satelital se ha erigido en una importante herramienta para el control y la seguridad de los sistemas de trasportación de carga, demandando cada vez más nuevas investigaciones e innovaciones. Es este contexto que se presenta esta ponencia. La compañía de Transporte TRANSPEQUE del cantón Quevedo, no cuenta con un sistema de geolocalización y seguridad de acceso a la carga, esto conlleva a poner en riesgo el producto y no aprovechar de manera eficiente los recursos que demandan la trasportación. Lo anterior condiciona como problema de investigación el siguiente: ¿Cómo asegurar el proceso de control y seguimiento, así como el cierre y apertura de compuertas en trasportes de carga de la empresa TRANSPEQUE, utilizando diferentes dispositivos y tecnologías de comunicación actuales para supervisar esta actividad? Siendo el objetivo: Diseñar una solución tecnológica para aumentar niveles de seguridad y eficiencia de los recursos utilizados en la transportación de productos, empleando dispositivos electrónicos compatibles con las redes de telecomunicaciones existentes. En este desarrollo se utilizó como metodología cuantitativa empleando el método inductivo y como técnica de recolección de datos la observación. Obteniéndose como resultados la disminución en el tiempo para la entrega recepción de carga, así como la inexistencia de pérdida de trasportes por la seguridad implementada mediante el rastreo y la conveniencia en el bajo costo que ocasiona equipar a los trasportes con rastreo satelital y seguridad en compuertas.
Variantes de juegos para favorecer el desarrollo de las habilidades motrices básicas desde la clase de educación física
Authors: Hernández Aguila Alexis , Escobar de la Torre José Carlos , Parra Prieguez César Julio
Published: February 2021

El proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje de la educación física requiere de una objetiva orientación en la búsqueda de un aprendizaje significativo. El juego, por sus características, es un medio insustituible para el desarrollo de los escolares en los diferentes ámbitos. El presente trabajo consiste en la aplicación de variantes de juego para favorecer el desarrollo de  habilidades motrices básicas en los escolares de cuarto grado del S/I Paquito González del municipio Holguín. Desde la clase de Educación Física se detectaron deficiencias que limitaban el mejoramiento de las habilidades motrices básicas. Para la solución del problema se emplearon métodos teóricos, empíricos que permitieron  confeccionar el marco teórico  y práctico de la investigación. El aporte de la investigación lo constituye la elaboración de variantes de juegos que posibilitan combinar o crear situaciones cambiantes para lograr una mayor efectividad, ejercitación y motivación del proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje, así como ampliar el catálogo de juegos para los escolares, aplicándolos en los ejercicios de combinaciones de habilidades que conlleve a una mayor ejercitación, protagonismo e independencia de acuerdo a sus particularidades.
Las invariantes de conocimiento como recurso didáctico para el establecimiento de relaciones interdisciplinarias entre las ciencias naturales desde la enseñanza de la Química
Authors: Morales Suárez Lizandra , Companioni León Blanca , Castillo Fleites Yolepsy
Published: February 2021

El perfeccionamiento  constante del proceso educativo con la finalidad de alcanzar una mejor formación  en las nuevas generaciones constituye una premisa de trabajo para todos los docentes, proceso al cual responden las transformaciones que acontecen cada año  en el sistema educacional cubano.  Estos cambios involucran la práctica  de procederes que posibiliten  formar  un pensamiento complejo sobre la base de una concepción materialista – dialéctico. En el campo de las Ciencias Naturales, a pesar de las múltiples investigaciones realizadas, aún se adolece  del empleo  sistemático de recursos didácticos  con este objetivo. Precisamente en este trabajo se aborda la utilización de invariantes de conocimiento  en este sentido para lograr establecer desde una asignatura: Química, relaciones con el resto de las ciencias de la naturaleza, favoreciendo una interpretación correcta y científica del mundo que nos rodea. Se ofrecen sugerencias metodológicas para su determinación  además de incluir invariantes generales para integrar  los conocimientos de las Ciencias Naturales, así como   elementos del contenido para el trabajo con cada invariante  durante su utilización en el proceso.  Además se ofrecen criterios básicos para lograr la integración que se utilizan para la determinación de  invariantes.
Proyecto genoma humano. Problemas éticos a considerar en las carreras de ciencias naturales
Authors: Salvador Jiménez Roxy Leonor
Published: February 2021

En la actualidad dado el vertiginoso ritmo del progreso científico técnico el estado de la naturaleza constituye una preocupación consciente de la sociedad, pues la naturaleza al seguir siendo medio se transforma al tiempo en fin. De esta manera la relación de los hombres con la naturaleza adquiere sentido moral. La actitud moral hacia la naturaleza adquiere una forma específica cuando se trata de la naturaleza viva. En relación con lo anterior los resultados científicos obtenidos en el proyecto sobre el Genoma Humano (P.G.H) no siempre han sido utilizados de manera adecuada, algunos científicos han contribuido a prevenir los peligros que entraña el avance de la genética y  se han opuesto a la explotación comercial de los datos del genoma; sin embargo  alrededor de esta problemática se han dado problemas éticos porque se presentan  situaciones que reclama o al menos requiere una acción a emprender,   esta acción se presenta como dependiente de una verdadera responsabilidad y las características de la situación no bastan por sí solas para orientar la acción. En esta investigación se hace un análisis de, los principales problemas éticos resultado de la manipulación inescrupulosa de estos conocimientos y se dan propuestas metodológicas de cómo abordar los mismos desde el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en las carreras de Ciencias naturales.
O impacto da covid-19 no processo de estágio pedagógico na Escola Pedagógica da Universidade Cuito Cuanavale
Authors: Sabonete Calulo José Luis
Published: February 2021

O estágio pedagógico é um processo que visa potenciar e aprimorar aos futuros licenciados em ciências da educação, às habilidades fundamentais da profissão que tem a contemplar com o seu perfil de saída. O mesmo, tem a finalidade de facilitar a relação existente entre os conhecimentos teóricos adquiridos ao longo do plano curricular, com a prática. Neste artigo, fizemos referência ao percurso do estágio pedagógico na escola pedagógica da universidade Cuito Cuanavale no Cuando Cubango-angola, desde a sua institucionalização, assim como o impacto da covid-19 no referido processo. De igual nodo, apresentamos o perfil de saída dos futuros licenciados em ensino da matemática, visando legitimar a realização de estágio na escola. Em continuação, referenciamos os resultados do inquérito aplicado a 35 estagiários do curso de ensino da matemática. Posteriormente, apresentamos a nossa visão em relação a melhor forma de conclusão do curso em função da covid-19. Finalmente, apresentamos as conclusões e referências bibliográficas.
A content analysis on articles related to meta-cognitive listening strategies
Authors: Dawenan Firda Az Zahra
Published: February 2021

This study aims to analyze research articles on the topic of metacognitive listening strategies published in 2016-2019. The type of research used is descriptive content analysis. The sample of this research is 7 articles from national and international journals in the field of learning and teaching English as a foreign language (English as a Foreign Language). The article was analyzed in terms of research methods, target population, sample selection methods, number of samples, data collection methods, data analysis methods, and research results. This study shows that almost all researchers used the MALQ questionnaire to analyze the metacognitive strategies used by students.
Students' interest in learning reviewed from the Traditional Game Guide Book at SMP Kepulauan Riau
Authors: Indrawati Putri Ayu Melyana
Published: February 2021

This study aims to describe how the students’ interest in learning class VIII SMP after using a traditional game guide book with the selection of subjects who have low interest in learning mathematics. The research used a descriptive form with a qualitative approach. The data from this research are students’ interest in learning. The object of this study were students of class VIII SMP. The data collection techniques used were questionnaires and interviews as data reinforcement from the questionnaire results. The results of this study indicate that the use of traditional game guidebooks in mathematics learning is very effective as seen from the results of the questionnaire on student interest in learning where male students’ interest in learning increases by 79%, while for female students it increases by 82%, and is strengthened by the results of interviews which revealed that most students were happy with the use of traditional game guidebooks and gave positive responses to mathematics learning.
Potential of mangrove ecosystem as learning sources of Biology through online learning
Authors: Susanti Farida Dwi
Published: February 2021

As an archipelago, Indonesia has thousands of islands and stretched coastlines. It is, therefore, Indonesia has many mangroves as a characteristic of plants exists on the coast. There have been many studies and trials of mangrove utilization for economic and ecological purposes, yet it is limited use of mangroves for educational purposes. This study aims to promote the mangrove ecosystem for educational purposes, particularly as a source of biology learning, increase students ’interest in studying biology, and increase students’ interest in conserving mangroves. This study used a qualitative approach with three instruments, namely observation, interview and questionnaire. The result indicated that the mangrove ecosystem could be used as a source of learning biology and be able to increase students’ interest in studying biology and conserving mangroves.
impact of Covid-19 on chicken broiler farm business in Malang Regency
Authors: Nurahmi Sutraning , Zalizar Lili
Published: February 2021

The contagious COVID-19 spreads rapidly worldwide. The pandemic poses risks to multiple sectors of the world economy, including the agricultural and livestock sectors. Despite the economic potential of the broiler farm business, indicated by its increasing broiler population, production, and public consumption, the large-scale social restrictions imposed by the government as an effort to mitigate the pandemic spread has decreased the demand for and supply of broiler meat. This current study is aimed at obtaining an overview of the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has on the broiler farm business in Malang Regency. The data of this qualitative descriptive study were collected by means of interviews, personal documentation, and other supporting documents. Sampling was carried out using a stratified random sampling technique as the broiler population was non-homogenous and stratified.The broiler population was divided into two groups: 1) less than 5,000 heads broiler-population; and 2) more than 5,000 heads broiler-population. The study results showed that the negative impact caused by the pandemic on the broiler farm business include declines in the broiler meat selling prices, farmers’ income, and broiler population. The decline in selling prices is caused by the broiler supply demand imbalance and changes in the public consumption patterns during the pandemic, favouring food ingredients with longer durability. The farmers’ income decline occurs as a result of the dropping price of live broilers combined with the extra costs that the farmers have to spend to keep the business operating during the pandemic. Finally, the decline in broiler population takes place because of chick-in cancellation to suppress excess supply at the following harvest period. The broiler population restriction controls are conducted in order to regulate prices at the consumer level.
Covid-19’un Pandemi Salgınının Havacılık Sektörüne Etkisi: Gig Ekonomisi Alternatifi
Authors: Şen Gülaçti , Bütün Erhan
Published: February 2021

2020 yılının ilk çeyreğinde Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından pandemi ilan edilmesine yol açan Covid-19 salgınının en olumsuz etkilediği sektörlerden biri havacılık sektörüdür. Salgın devam ederken havacılık sektöründeki bazı işletmeler iflas başvurusunda bulunmuş, bazı işletmeler çalışanlarını işten çıkarmıştır. Salgının sektöre olumsuz etkileri devam ederken, işletmeler uygun çıkış stratejileri araştırmaya devam etmektedirler. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada, sektördeki işletmelerin ve çalışanların salgının olumsuz etkilerinden kurtulabilmesi için alternatif olarak gig ekonomisi değerlendirilmektedir. Gig ekonomisi, şirketlerin ya da bireylerin talepleri doğrultusunda çalışanların işverenler ile kısa süreli sözleşme yaptığı bir piyasadır. Günümüzde gig ekonomisinin en iyi örneklerinin başında Uber ve BlaBlaCar gibi ulaşım tabanlı hizmetler gelmektedir. Farklı sektörlerin de dahil olduğu bu çalışma modelinde havacılık sektörü de yerini almıştır. Sektörde özellikle uçuş ekibinin gig ekonomisinde yer almaya başlamasıyla, küresel veri tabanı üzerinden pilot ve kabin ekibi gereksinimleri karşılanmaya başlanmıştır. İşletmelerin gig ekonomisinde yer almasıyla maliyetleri azaltabileceği ve çalışanların gig çalışanları olarak mesleklerini garantiye alabilecekleri mümkün görülmektedir. Geleceğin önemli sektörlerinden biri olarak gig ekonomisinin, havacılık sektöründe faaliyet gösteren işletmeler ve havacılık çalışanları ile Covid-19 salgınından etkilenen sektörün geleceği için bir alternatif olarak değerlendirilebileceği ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışma Covid-19 sürecinden etkilenen havacılık sektöründe ortaya konulan stratejilerden biri olarak gig ekonomisinin değerlendirildiği ilk sistematik araştırma olması bakımından orijinal kabul edilmektedir.
Carbon and air pollutant emissions from China's cement industry 1990–2015: trends, evolution of technologies, and drivers
Authors: Liu Jun , Tong Dan , Zheng Yixuan , Cheng Jing , Qin Xinying , Shi Qinren , Yan Liu , Lei Yu , Zhang Qiang
Published: February 2021

Abstract. China is the largest cement producer and consumer in the world. Cement
manufacturing is highly energy-intensive and is one of the major contributors
to carbon dioxide (CO2) and air pollutant emissions, which threatens
climate mitigation and air quality improvement. In this study, we investigated
the decadal changes in carbon dioxide and air pollutant emissions for the
period of 1990–2015 based on intensive unit-based information on activity
rates, production capacity, operation status, and control technologies which
improved the accuracy of the cement emissions in China. We found that, from
1990 to 2015, accompanied by a 10.3-fold increase in cement production,
CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions from China's cement
industry increased by 627 %, 56 %, and 659 %, whereas CO,
PM2.5, and PM10 emissions decreased by 9 %, 63 %,
and 59 %, respectively. In the 1990s, driven by the rapid growth of cement
production, CO2 and air pollutant emissions increased
constantly. Then, the technological innovation in production of replacing
traditional shaft kilns with the new precalciner kilns equipped with
high-efficiency control facilities in the 2000s markedly reduced
SO2, CO, and PM emissions in the cement industry. In 2010,
nationwide, 39 % and 31 % of the nationwide PM2.5 and
NOx emission were produced by 3 % and 15 % of the total capacity
of the production lines, indicating the disproportionately high emissions from a
small number of the super-polluting units. Since 2010, the growing trend of
emissions has been further curbed by a combination of measures, including
promoting large-scale precalciner production lines and phasing out small ones,
upgrading emission standards, installing low NOx burners (LNB), and
selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) to reduce NOx emissions, as well
as adopting more advanced particulate matter control technologies. Our study
highlights the effectiveness of advanced technologies on air pollutant
emission control; however, CO2 emissions from China's cement
industry kept growing throughout the period, posing challenges to future
carbon emission mitigation in China.
Detection of anomalies in the UV–vis reflectances from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument
Authors: Gorkavyi Nick , Fasnacht Zachary , Haffner David , Marchenko Sergey , Joiner Joanna , Vasilkov Alexander
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Various instrumental or geophysical artifacts, such as
saturation, stray light or obstruction of light (either coming from the
instrument or related to solar eclipses), negatively impact satellite
measured ultraviolet and visible Earthshine radiance spectra and downstream
retrievals of atmospheric and surface properties derived from these spectra.
In addition, excessive noise such as from cosmic-ray impacts, prevalent
within the South Atlantic Anomaly, can also degrade satellite radiance
measurements. Saturation specifically pertains to observations of very
bright surfaces such as sunglint over open water or thick clouds. When
saturation occurs, additional photoelectric charge generated at the
saturated pixel may overflow to pixels adjacent to a saturated area and be
reflected as a distorted image in the final sensor output. When these
effects cannot be corrected to an acceptable level for science-quality
retrievals, flagging of the affected pixels is indicated. Here, we introduce
a straightforward detection method that is based on the correlation, r, between
the observed Earthshine radiance and solar irradiance spectra over a 10 nm
spectral range; our decorrelation index (DI for brevity) is simply
defined as a DI of 1−r. DI increases with anomalous additive effects or excessive
noise in either radiances, the most likely cause in data from the Ozone
Monitoring Instrument (OMI), or irradiances. DI is relatively
straightforward to use and interpret and can be computed for different
wavelength intervals. We developed a set of DIs for two spectral channels of
the OMI, a hyperspectral pushbroom imaging spectrometer. For each OMI
spatial measurement, we define 14 wavelength-dependent DIs within the OMI
visible channel (350–498 nm) and six DIs in its ultraviolet 2 (UV2) channel
(310–370 nm). As defined, DIs reflect a continuous range of deviations of
observed spectra from the reference irradiance spectrum that are
complementary to the binary saturation possibility warning (SPW) flags
currently provided for each individual spectral or spatial pixel in the OMI
radiance data set. Smaller values of DI are also caused by a number of
geophysical factors; this allows one to obtain interesting physical results
on the global distribution of spectral variations.
Wind measurement comparison of Doppler lidar with wind cup and L band sounding radar
Authors: Zhou Zizhong , Bu Zhichao
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Wind-profiling lidars are now regularly used in boundary-layer meteorology and in applications such as vertical wind field measurement. In order to verify the accuracy of the Doppler wind lidar, the major domestic Doppler wind lidar manufacturers were organized to compare the Minute-level average wind speed and direction data measured by the lidar to which measured by meteorological gradient tower and L band Sounding radar in Shenzhen and Zhangjiakou, respectively. The result of comparison with the wind cup on the meteorological gradient tower is in good agreement, the correlation coefficient of wind speed is close to or higher than 90 %, and the maximum standard deviation of the wind direction is about 7° except the inflection point. When the L-band sounding radar is used as a reference for the lidar equipment which joint the comparison. The system difference and standard deviation of daily wind speed and direction vary greatly, and the reliability is poor. At the same time, it was founded that compared with the 1-minute average data, when the 10-minute average data were used for comparison, the system deviation and standard deviation were reduced. That mean the results were more stable and reliable. The comparison results show that the technical indicators of several domestic lidar equipment are equivalent to windcube indicators made by Vaisala and complying with the World Meteorological Organization's requirements for the Coherent Doppler Lidar indicator for near-term weather forecasts. It shows the lidars are reliable to obtain wind speed and direction parameters at different altitudes in real time.
Country-level and gridded estimates of wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse
Authors: Jones Edward R. , van Vliet Michelle T. H. , Qadir Manzoor , Bierkens Marc F. P.
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Continually improving and affordable wastewater management provides opportunities for both
pollution reduction and clean water supply augmentation, while simultaneously promoting
sustainable development and supporting the transition to a circular economy. This study aims to
provide the first comprehensive and consistent global outlook on the state of domestic and
manufacturing wastewater production, collection, treatment and reuse. We use a data-driven approach,
collating, cross-examining and standardising country-level wastewater data from online data
resources. Where unavailable, data are estimated using multiple linear regression. Country-level
wastewater data are subsequently downscaled and validated at 5 arcmin
(∼10 km) resolution. This study estimates global wastewater production at 359.4×109 m3 yr−1, of which 63 % (225.6×109 m3 yr−1) is
collected and 52 % (188.1×109 m3 yr−1) is treated. By extension, we
estimate that 48 % of global wastewater production is released to the environment untreated,
which is substantially lower than previous estimates of ∼80 %. An estimated 40.7×109 m3 yr−1 of treated wastewater is intentionally reused. Substantial
differences in per capita wastewater production, collection and treatment are observed across
different geographic regions and by level of economic development. For example, just over 16 %
of the global population in high-income countries produces 41 % of global wastewater. Treated-wastewater reuse is particularly substantial in the Middle East and North Africa (15 %) and
western Europe (16 %), while comprising just 5.8 % and 5.7 % of the global population,
respectively. Our database serves as a reference for understanding the global wastewater status
and for identifying hotspots where untreated wastewater is released to the environment, which are
found particularly in South and Southeast Asia. Importantly, our results also serve as a baseline
for evaluating progress towards many policy goals that are both directly and indirectly connected
to wastewater management. Our spatially explicit results available at 5 arcmin
resolution are well suited for supporting more detailed hydrological analyses such as water
quality modelling and large-scale water resource assessments and can be accessed at
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918731 (Jones
et al., 2020).
Assessment of centennial (1918–2019) drought features in the Campania region by historical in situ measurements
Authors: Longobardi Antonia , Boulariah Ouafik , Villani Paolo
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Drought is a sustained period of below‐normal water availability. It is a recurring and worldwide phenomenon, but the Mediterranean basin is seen as a very vulnerable environment in this perspective and understanding historical drought conditions in this area is necessary to plan mitigation strategies to further face future climate change impacts. The reported research was aimed at the description of drought conditions and evolution for the Campania region (Southern Italy), assessed by the analysis of an in-situ measurement database which covers a centennial period from 1918–2019. SPI time series were reconstructed for different accumulation time scales (from 3 to 48 months) and the Modified Man Kendall and Sen's test were applied to identify SPI changes over time. SPI time series were mostly affected by a negative trend, significant for a very large area of the region, particularly evident for the accumulation scales larger than 12 months. Mean drought duration (MDD), severity (MDS) and peak (MDP) were furthermore investigated for both moderate (SPI ≤ −1) and extremely severe conditions (SPI ≤ −2). The accumulation scale affected the drought features, with longer duration and larger severity associated to the larger accumulation scales. Drought characteristics spatial patterns were not congruent for the different SPI time scales: if duration and severity were larger in the southern areas, peaks appeared mostly severe in the northern areas of the region. Extremely severe events were featured by lower durations and larger severity compared to the moderate drought events but were very less frequent (over 75 % less then) and did not appeared to be focused on specific areas of the region.
Future surface mass balance and surface melt in the Amundsen sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Donat-Magnin Marion , Jourdain Nicolas C. , Kittel Christoph , Agosta Cécile , Amory Charles , Gallée Hubert , Krinner Gerhard , Chekki Mondher
Published: February 2021

Abstract. We present projections of West Antarctic surface mass balance (SMB) and surface melt to 2080–2100 under the RCP8.5 scenario and based on a regional model at 10 km resolution. Our projections are built by adding a CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) multi-model-mean seasonal climate-change anomaly to the present-day model boundary conditions. Using an anomaly has the advantage to reduce CMIP5 model biases, and a perfect-model test reveals that our approach captures most characteristics of future changes despite a 16 %–17 % underestimation of projected SMB and melt rates. SMB over the grounded ice sheet in the sector between Getz and Abbot increases from 336 Gt yr−1 in 1989–2009 to 455 Gt yr−1 in 2080–2100, which would reduce the global sea level changing rate by 0.33 mm yr−1. Snowfall indeed increases by 7.4 % ∘C−1 to 8.9 % ∘C−1 of near-surface warming due to increasing saturation water vapour pressure in warmer conditions, reduced sea-ice concentrations, and more marine air intrusion. Ice-shelf surface melt rates increase by an order of magnitude in the 21st century mostly due to higher downward radiation from increased humidity and to reduced albedo in the presence of melting. There is a net production of surface liquid water over eastern ice shelves (Abbot, Cosgrove, and Pine Island) but not over western ice shelves (Thwaites, Crosson, Dotson, and Getz). This is explained by the evolution of the melt-to-snowfall ratio: below a threshold of 0.60 to 0.85 in our simulations, firn air is not entirely depleted by melt water, while entire depletion and net production of surface liquid water occur for higher ratios. This suggests that western ice shelves might remain unaffected by hydrofracturing for more than a century under RCP8.5, while eastern ice shelves have a high potential for hydrofracturing before the end of this century.
La perpetuación de una victoria efímera
Authors: Martínez Jiménez Nuria
Published: February 2021

La relevancia de los dibujos realizados por Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen durante la Campaña de Túnez de 1535 resulta incuestionable en el devenir de las pinturas de batallas, pero también, en la pintura de mapas, puesto que, desde entonces, los dispositivos cartográficos se convirtieron en elementos clave para la exaltación de monarcas y gobernantes. Sin embargo, hasta ahora ha pasado inadvertido que los primeros ciclos en los que se emplearon estas estrategias fueron los murales de la Campaña de Túnez realizadas entre 1536 y 1546. A lo largo de este artículo se presentan las pinturas Sala de Túnez del palacio de Marmirolo en Mantua, la logia del palacio Orsini en Anguillara y la Sala de Túnez de la Alhambra de Granada, conjuntos, no estudiados hasta ahora en su contexto, que presentan un uso propagandístico de la pintura de paisaje y de las representaciones bélicas del territorio.
Retratos de aliados y enemigos en las galerías dinásticas de la Reina María de Hungría
Authors: Martínez Marín Cruz María
Published: February 2021

María de Hungría fue una de las grandes coleccionistas de la Europa del siglo XVI. Encargando pinturas a grandes artistas, exhibió múltiples galerías de retratos en sus palacios, un fenómeno que se popularizó en la Edad Moderna. Sabemos por los retratos que nos han llegado que entre ellos se situaban notorios enemigos. En este artículo hemos examinado fuentes primarias y secundarias con la intención de identificar dónde estaban situadas estas galerías y qué función debían cumplir estos retratos dentro de ellas. Concluimos que las galerías dinásticas encargadas por la Reina celebran la influencia que los Habsburgo alcanzaron en las cortes europeas gracias a la política matrimonial y, por otra parte, su papel como consejera imperial.
El enemigo holandés, el Conde Duque de Olivares y el servicio de los vasallos en la recuperación de Bahía de Brasil
Authors: Rivero Rodríguez Manuel
Published: February 2021

En este trabajo se plantea la lectura de “La recuperación de San Salvador de Bahía”, proponiendo una correspondencia entre el momento histórico del año 1625 con el de 1633, en el que se hizo el encargo de las pinturas del salón de los reinos. El acontecimiento tuvo un papel fundamental en la construcción de un proyecto de Monarquía que precisaba de un enemigo común para construir la solidaridad entre los reinos. Mal afianzada la unidad de las coronas de Portugal y Castilla, Olivares utilizaría las campañas de Brasil para exaltar esa necesaria cooperación, no sólo para la defensa común, sino también para desarrollar el proyecto de Monarquía Católica o Universal.
Tejiendo la memoria del otro
Authors: Rega Castro Iván
Published: February 2021

La reconquista de Orán por el ejército español, ordenada por Felipe V en 1732, resultó fundamental para la articulación de su imagen de poder. El objetivo del presente texto es reconstruir, de modo diacrónico, la imaginería (anti)musulmana de las campañas hispanas en Argelia durante la edad moderna y el proceso de formación de la nueva imagen de La Toma de Orán.
Depiction of the Enemy in Croatia During World War I
Authors: Vukičević Marko
Published: February 2021

The aim of this paper is to analyse and compare the visual representation and iconography in works depicting the enemy in Croatian visual arts during World War I. The article encompasses research on unpublished archival sources and contemporaneaous press. The works of renowned Croatian artists, who were enlisted or volunteered for frontline duty are analysed, as are the works of art presented to the Croatian general public through graphics, cartoons and caricatures in the then popular press. Comparison of war-themed images shows differences in the visualisation of the enemy. The generally accepted belief that the enemy was visually satanised and ridiculed actually only applies to caricatures and cartoons.