bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abundância, Distribuição Espacial de Ninhos de Abelhas Sem Ferrão (Apidae: Meliponini) e Espécies Vegetais Utilizadas para Nidificação em um Fragmento de Floresta Secundária em Rio Branco, Acre
Authors: Da Silva Correia Francisco Cildomar , Peruquetti Rui Carlos , Ferreira Marcos Gonçalves , De Carvalho Yuri Karaccas
Published: December 2016

Foi realizado estudo de abundância e distribuição de ninhos de abelhas sem ferrão (Apidae: Meliponini) e espécies vegetais utilizadas para nidificação em um fragmento de floresta secundária em Rio Branco-Acre. Os levantamentos de campo ocorreram no mês de agosto de 2015, em uma área de floresta medindo 137 ha. Os substratos de nidificação (árvores) foram identificados e sua localização registrada por GPS, sendo também verificadas as medidas de CAP (circunferência à altura do peito) e altura da entrada dos ninhos em relação ao solo. No total, foram encontrados 25 ninhos de abelhas sem ferrão distribuídos em três gêneros, sendo Melipona eburnea Friese a espécie mais abundante (n=14), seguida por Scaptotrigona sp. (n=7), Melipona crinita Moure & Kerr (n=2)e Tetragona sp. (n=2). As espécies botânicas que mais forneceram cavidades para fundação dos ninhos foram Eugenia jambolana Lam. (Myrtaceae) com sete ninhos (28%) em um único indivíduo, seguida por Spondias lutea L. (Anacardiaceae) e Castilla ulei Warb. (Moraceae), ambas com três ninhos (12%). A densidade de ninhos foi consideravelmente baixa (0,18 ha) quando comparada com outros estudos realizados na região neotropical, o que pode estar relacionado com tamanho do fragmento e o grau de perturbação já que se caracteriza por ser uma floresta em processo de regeneração.Abundance and Spatial Distribution of Nests of Stingless Bees (Apidae: Meliponini) and Plant Species Used in the Nesting in Secondary Forest Fragment in Rio Branco-AcreAbstract. Was conducted a study of the abundance, distribution of bee nests stingless (Apidae: Meliponini) and plant species used for nesting in a fragment of secondary forest in Rio Branco-Acre. The field surveys took place in August 2015 in a forest area measuring 137 ha. The nesting substrates (trees) were identified and their location recorded by GPS, and also checked the CAP measures (circumference at breast height) and height of entry of the nests from the ground. In total, we found 25 nests of stingless bees distributed in three genera, with Melipona eburnea Friese the most abundant species (n=14), followed by Scaptotrigona sp. (n=7), Melipona crinita Moure & Kerr (n=2) and Tetragona sp. (n=2). The botanical species most provided cavities for foundation of the nests were Eugenia jambolana Lam. (Myrtaceae) with seven nests (28%) in an only individual, followed by Spondias lutea L. (Anacardiaceae) and Castilla ulei Warb. (Moraceae), both with three nests (12%). The density of nests was significantly lower (0.18/ha) when compared to other studies in the Neotropics, which may be related to fragment size and the degree of disturbance since it is characterized by being in a forest regeneration process.
The Mantodea (Dictyoptera: Insecta) of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil: First List of Species and Geographical Records
Authors: Heleodoro Raphael Aquino , Agudelo Antonio , Andreazze Ricardo
Published: December 2016

This study presents a list of the mantis species from the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte and their distribution within the state. The records are derived from specimens deposited in the “Adalberto Antonio Varela Freire” Entomological Collection at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. This collection holds a total of 1,816 specimens, representing 30 species distributed in 16 genera distributed in 44 localities. There are two new records to Brazil, 10 to the Northeastern region of Brazil (and Caatinga biome) and 25 to the Rio Grande do Norte.Os Mantodea (Dictyoptera: Insecta) do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil: Primeira Lista de Espécies e Ocorrências GeográficasResumo. Este trabalho apresenta a primeira lista de espécies de louva-a-deus do Rio Grande do Norte, bem como sua distribuição dentro do Estado. Os registros das espécies são oriundos de espécimes depositados na Coleção Entomológica “Adalberto Antonio Varela Freire”, localizada na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Essa coleção possui um total de 1.816 espécimes de Mantodea depositados, representando 30 espécies distribuídas em 16 gêneros.
Storage Method for ‘Psocoptera’ (Insecta: Psocodea) in “CD Box”
Authors: Silva-Neto Alberto Moreira , García Aldrete Alfonso Neri , Rafael José Albertino
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The use of a “CD box” adapted to the storage of slides, and other body parts of dissected psocopterans was proposed.Um Método de Armazenamento para Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea) em Caixa de CD Resumo. O uso de uma caixa de CD adaptada para o armazenamento de lâminas e outras partes dissecadas do corpo de psocópteros foi proposto.
Therapeutic effectiveness of aCalendula officinalisextract in venous leg ulcer healing
Authors: Buzzi M. , de Freitas F. , de Barros Winter M.
Published: December 2016

Objective:

Non-healing venous leg ulcers (VLUs) have a significant effect on patients' quality of life and substantially increase expenditures in health-care systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the Calendula officinalis extract, Plenusdermax, in the treatment of VLUs.

Method:

Patients treated with Calendula officinalis extract (n=38) and control patients (n=19) were evaluated every two weeks for 30 weeks or until their ulcers healed. Assessments included determination of the wound area by planimetry, infection control, and evaluation of the clinical aspects of the wounds. The percentage of healing velocity per week (%HVw), taking the initial area at baseline into account, was also determined.

Results:

The proportion of the treatment patients achieving complete epithelialisation was 72 % and 32 % in the treatment and control groups, respectively. The average healing time was approximately 12 weeks in the treatment group and 25 % in control patients. Patients with ulcers treated with Calendula officinalis extract had a significant 4-fold increase in percentage healing velocity per week, 7.4 %, compared with 1.7 % in the control group. No adverse events were observed during the Calendula officinalis extract treatment.

Conclusion:

Our findings indicate that Calendula officinalis extract is an effective treatment for VLUs.

Declaration of interest:

The authors have no conflict of interest.
Reduction of pressure ulcer size with high-voltage pulsed current and high-frequency ultrasound: a randomised trial
Authors: Polak A. , Taradaj J. , Nawrat-Szoltysik A. , Stania M. , Dolibog P. , Blaszczak E. , Zarzeczny R. , Juras G. , Franek A. , Kucio C.
Published: December 2016

Objective:

International guidelines recommend the use of ultrasound (US) and electrical stimulation (ES) for treating chronic and recurrent pressure ulcers (PUs). The methodology of these procedures, however, still needs elaboration and confirmation by clinical studies. This parallel-group, randomised, single-blind, prospective, controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine whether by using high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) and high-voltage monophasic pulsed current (HVMPC), the rate of change in the area of older patients' PUs can be accelerated.

Method:

Patients were randomly assigned to receive either: standard wound care (SWC) involving supportive care and topical treatments; SWC+US (1MHz; 0.5 W/cm2; 20%; 1–3 minutes/cm2); or SWC+ES (HVMPC, 154 µs, 100 pps, 100 V, 250 µC/sec, 50 minutes/day). US and ES were administered once a day, 5 days a week. The primary outcome was change in PU surface area measured against baseline after 6 weeks of treatment with SWC, SWC+US, and SWC+ES.

Results:

We recruited 77 patients, aged 60–95 years (80% aged over 70 years of age), with 88 Category II, III and IV PUs were enrolled in the study. The percentage reduction in the surface area of PUs at the end of treatment was significantly greater in the SWC+US group (mean ± standard deviation, 77.48±11.59 %; p=0.024) and the SWC+ES group (76.19±32.83%; p=0.030) versus the control group (48.97±53.42%). The SWC+ES group also had a significantly greater proportion of PUs that decreased in area by at least 50% or closed than the control group (p=0.05 and 0.031, respectively). The SWC+US and SWC+ES groups were not statistically significant different regarding treatment results. Clinical side effects were not recorded.

Conclusion:

The results show that HFUS and HVMPC are comparable regarding their effectiveness in reducing the size of PUs in older people.

Declaration of interest:

The authors have nothing to disclose. All research activities were funded by the Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.
Cessation of rubella susceptibility screening in pregnancy and its implications for practice nursing
Authors: Green David , Webb Sharon
Published: December 2016

Once a significant source of fetal loss and congenital defects, rubella is no longer endemic to the UK and the approach to combatting it has changed. David Green and Sharon Webb explain
Supporting and treating children with non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Perry Margaret
Published: December 2016

A cancer diagnosis is devastating at any age, but children and their families require confident and caring support from health professionals. Here Margaret Perry gives an overview of the third most common childhood cancer, and how to secure the best outcome for patients

Non Hodgkin lymphoma is the third most common form of childhood cancer. This article – the last in a series of three dealing with lymphoma – gives an overview of Non Hodgkin lymphoma in children and looks at diagnosis and investigations, treatment, management and prognosis. A better understanding of this distressing disease will help nurses to support patients and families to secure a better outcome.
Travel during pregnancy
Authors: Brewer Catherine
Published: December 2016

The pregnant woman can be given a clean bill of health to travel if certain rules are followed. Catherine Brewer runs through what the practice nurse needs to know, and what to ask

Pregnancy should not preclude most women from travelling. However, careful planning and consideration with regards to certain health risks is vital. Ideally this should be assessed prior to even booking the trip to avoid disappointment or putting themselves in grave danger. This article will examine general considerations with regards to pregnancy and travel, as well as looking at specific risks related to the journey, food and water, mosquito borne diseases and the vaccinations themselves.
High-Sensitivity Troponin T vs I in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Prediction of Significant Coronary Lesions and Long-term Prognosis
Authors: Kvisvik Brede , Mørkrid Lars , Røsjø Helge , Cvancarova Milada , Rowe Alexander D , Eek Christian , Bendz Bjørn , Edvardsen Thor , Gravning Jørgen
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND

High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) T and I assays are established as crucial tools for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), as they have been found superior to old troponin assays. However, eventual differences between the assays in prediction of significant coronary lesions and long-term prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have not been fully unraveled.

METHODS

Serum concentrations of hs-cTnT (Roche), hs-cTnI (Abbott), and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP; Roche) in 390 non-ST-elevation (NSTE) ACS patients were evaluated in relation to significant coronary lesions on coronary angiography (defined as a stenosis >50% of the luminal diameter, with need for revascularization) and prognostic accuracy for cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, as well as the composite end point of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalizations for AMI or heart failure.

RESULTS

The mean (SD) follow-up was 2921 (168) days. Absolute hs-cTnI concentrations were significantly higher than the hs-cTnT concentrations. The relationship between analyzed biomarkers and significant coronary lesions on coronary angiography, as quantified by the area under the ROC curve (AUC), revealed no difference between hs-cTnT [AUC, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.77–0.86] and hs-cTnI (AUC, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76–0.86; P = NS). NT-proBNP was superior to both hs-cTn assays regarding prognostic accuracy for both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and for the composite end point during follow-up, also in multivariate analyses.

CONCLUSIONS

The hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI assays displayed a similar ability to predict significant coronary lesions in NSTE-ACS patients. NT-proBNP was superior to both hs-cTn assays as a marker of long-term prognosis in this patient group.
Gamificación y la Física–Química de Secundaria
Authors: Quintanal Perez Felipe
Published: December 2016

La investigación propuesta se ha efectuado durante el curso 2014–2015 con alumnos de 4º de ESO que han escogido como optativa la materia de Física y Química. Este proyecto se ha basado en el empleo de diversas estrategias de gamificación aplicadas a la asignatura de Física y Química. Se ha escogido esta temática por los beneficios pedagógicos de los juegos, por la atracción que ejercen sobre los estudiantes y por el desarrollo de su automotivación. Los alumnos han participado de manera individual, por parejas y por equipos. Los juegos empleados han sido “fórmulas químicas a la carrera”, “championship de fórmulas químicas”, “la ruleta de la Física y Química”, “el tesoro sumergido” y “problemas desafío”. Los alumnos también han elaborado un juego basado en la temática de las ondas y varios equipos lo hicieron usando Scratch. Finalmente, se ha observado un incremento en el rendimiento académico de la asignatura. La experiencia ha sido un éxito según los resultados obtenidos en la evaluación realizada por los alumnos. Han destacado el torneo de fórmulas, el tesoro sumergido y la realización del juego basado en ondas. Como conclusiones se destacan que gamificar no se limita a emplear videojuegos únicamente, se puede gasificar con poca tecnología, se desarrollan competencias personales, sociales e intelectuales y el método empleado es extrapolable a otras asignaturas y cursos.
La mentorización Intercultural – El proyecto INTO
Authors: García Peñalvo Francisco José
Published: December 2016

El editorial de este tercer número del volumen 17, correspondiente al año 2016, está dedicado a destacar la labor del grupo GRIAL por su proyecto de mentorización intercultural INTO, que ha recibido la mención de ejemplo de buenas prácticas y caso de éxito por la Unión Europea.
Intervenção ergonômica e melhoria da produtividade: é possível?
Authors: Avila Gilberto Jesus , Braun Anderson
Published: December 2016

Este trabalho teve como objetivo aplicar uma Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET) e comparar os resultados de produtividade obtidos antes e depois da aplicação com vistas a demonstrar se após uma implantação de melhorias ergonômicas no ambiente de trabalho ocorre aumento da produtividade. O estudo foi realizado em empresa metalúrgica que produz peças estampadas para a indústria e fabrica produtos de marca própria. Foi explorado o conceito de ergonomia como método para facilitar a interação entre o homem e o seu trabalho dentro de um sistema de produção. Dentre os conceitos de produtividade, foi analisada a Produtividade de Fator Simples (single-factor productivity – SFP). A pesquisa se caracterizou por ser exploratória, teve como base a pesquisa-ação e se orientou pela busca de integração e complementariedade entre a análise qualitativa e a análise quantitativa. Os resultados demonstraram que a produtividade após a implantação da AET aumentou e que os operadores participantes referiram diminuição de dores e desconfortos após as melhorias.
Determination of deformation of a highly oriented polymer under three-point bending using finite element analysis
Authors: Lee Yi-Chang , Chang Ho , Wei Ching-Long , Lee Rahnfong , Hsu Hua-Yi , Chang Cheng-Chung
Published: December 2016

The molecular chains of a highly oriented polymer lie in the same direction. A highly oriented polymer is an engineering material with a high strength-to-weight ratio and favorable mechanical properties. Such an orthotropic material has biaxially arranged molecular chains that resist stress in the tensile direction, giving it a high commercial value. In this investigation, finite element analysis (FEA) was utilized to elucidate the deformation and failure of a highly oriented polymer. Based on the principles of material mechanics and using the FEA software, Abaqus, a solid model of an I-beam was constructed, and the lengths of this beam were set based on their heights. Three-point bending tests were performed to simulate the properties of the orthotropic highly oriented polymer, yielding results that reveal both tension failure and shear failure. The aspect ratio that most favored the manufacture of an I-beam from highly oriented polymers was obtained; based on this ratio, a die drawing mold can be developed in the future.
The Contractualisation of Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Poncibò Cristina
Published: December 2016

The article discusses the relationship between contract law and environmental sustainability. Firstly, it questions whether certain values, which the concept of sustainable development incorporates, are compatible with contract law. Could we consider sustainability goals as implied terms of international business contracts in the absence of an express agreement? Secondly, the article notes and analyzes the process of contractualisation of sustainability objectives in international business contracts. It also examines the current limitations of enforcing sustainability contractual clauses. The conclusion is that contract law should accommodate environmental sustainability as a matter of contractual justice.
Long-Term Business Relationships and Implicit Contracts in European Private Law
Authors: Grušić Uglješa
Published: December 2016

In
Coating of wood by means of electrospun nanofibers based on PVA/SiO2 and its hydrophobization with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Ryparovà Pavla , Petrič Marko , Tywoniak Jan , Hajek Petr
Published: December 2016

Poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA)/nanosilica (SiO2) based electrospun nanofibers has been deposited on wood substrate by means of the roll electrospinning process. The nanofibrous coating was hydrophobized by self-assembled monolayers of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) via a sol-gel dipping process. The PVA/SiO2 nanofiber coating and OTS hydrophobized coating were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). All methods confirmed the formation of OTS monolayers on hybrid coatings. The adhesive strength and resistance to scratch of nanofibers coating was also evaluated.
Accuracy of a 10 Hz GPS Unit in Measuring Shuttle Velocity Performed at Different Speeds and Distances (5 – 20 M)
Authors: Beato Marco , Bartolini Davide , Ghia Gianluigi , Zamparo Paola
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to validate the accuracy of a 10 Hz GPS device (STATSports, Ireland) by comparing the instantaneous values of velocity determined with this device with those determined by kinematic (video) analysis (25 Hz). Ten male soccer players were required to perform shuttle runs (with 180° change of direction) at three velocities (slow: 2.2 m·s-1; moderate: 3.2 m·s-1; high: maximal) over four distances: 5, 10, 15 and 20 m. The experiments were video-recorded; the “point by point” values of speed recorded by the GPS device were manually downloaded and analysed in the same way as the “frame by frame” values of horizontal speed as obtained by video analysis. The obtained results indicated that shuttle distance was smaller in GPS than video analysis (p < 0.01). Shuttle velocity (shuttle distance/shuttle time) was thus smaller in GPS than in video analysis (p < 0.001); the percentage difference (bias, %) in shuttle velocity between methods was found to decrease with the distance covered (5 m: 9 ± 6%; 20 m: 3 ± 3%). The instantaneous values of speed were averaged; from these data and from data of shuttle time, the distance covered was recalculated; the error (criterion distance-recalculated distance) was negligible for video data (0.04 ± 0.28 m) whereas GPS data underestimated criterion distance (0.31 ± 0.55 m). In conclusion, the inaccuracy of this GPS unit in determining shuttle speed can be attributed to inaccuracy in determining the shuttle distance.
Performance Effects of Repetition Specific Gluteal Activation Protocols on Acceleration in Male Rugby Union Players
Authors: Barry Lorna , Kenny Ian , Comyns Thomas
Published: December 2016

Warm-up protocols have the potential to cause an acute enhancement of dynamic sprinting performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three repetition specific gluteal activation warm-up protocols on acceleration performance in male rugby union players. Forty male academy rugby union players were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups (control, 5, 10 or 15 repetition gluteal activation group) and performed 10 m sprints at baseline and 30 s, 2, 4, 6 and 8 min after their specific intervention protocol. Five and ten meter sprint times were the dependent variable and dual-beam timing gates were used to record all sprint times. Repeated measures analysis of variance found no significant improvement in 5 and 10 m sprint times between baseline and post warm-up scores (p ≥ 0.05) for all groups. There were no reported significant differences between groups at any of the rest interval time points (p ≥ 0.05). However, when individual responses to the warm-up protocols were analyzed, the 15 repetition gluteal activation group had faster 10 m times post-intervention and this improvement was significant (p = 0.021). These results would indicate that there is no specific rest interval for any of the gluteal interventions that results in a potentiation effect on acceleration performance. However, the individual response analysis would seem to indicate that a 15 repetition gluteal activation warm-up protocol has a potentiating effect on acceleration performance provided that the rest interval is adequately and individually determined.
The Effect of Specific Sling Exercises on the Functional Movement Screen Score in Adolescent Volleyball Players: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Linek Paweł , Saulicz Edward , Myśliwiec Andrzej , Wójtowicz Monika , Wolny Tomasz
Published: December 2016

The existing data indicate that the result of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) test influences the likelihood of subsequent injury in professional athletes. Therefore, exercises increasing test scores of the FMS may be useful at various stages of sports activity. This study evaluated the effects of the NEURAC sling exercises method on the FMS test score in teenage volleyball players. The study was conducted on 15 volleyball players aged 14 years. The FMS test was performed three times interspersed with a two-month interval. Between the first and the second assessment, neither additional treatment nor training was applied, while between the second and the third assessment, the participants performed stabilisation exercises based on the NEURAC method. Training was carried out twice a week, for eight weeks. The analysis showed that between the first and the second measurement, no significant differences occurred. The use of specific sling exercises caused a significant improvement in FMS results (p ≤ 0.01) between the first and the third, as well as the second and the third measurement. The applied stabilisation exercises based on the NEURAC method positively influenced the FMS test result in male subjects practicing volleyball. Performance of such exercises also resulted in more than 90% of the subjects having a total FMS test score ≥ 17, which may be important in the prevention of injuries. The preliminary results indicate that this type of exercise should be included in a teenage volleyball training routine.
Evolution of Determinant Factors of Repeated Sprint Ability
Authors: Pareja-Blanco Fernando , Suarez-Arrones Luis , Rodríguez-Rosell David , López-Segovia Manuel , Jiménez-Reyes Pedro , Bachero-Mena Beatriz , González-Badillo Juan José
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the relationships between repeated sprint ability (RSA) and anthropometric measures as well as fitness qualities in soccer players. Twenty-one professional soccer players performed several anthropometric and physical tests including countermovement vertical jumps (CMJs), a straight-line 30 m sprint (T30), an RSA test (6 x 20 + 20 m with 20 s recovery), a progressive isoinertial loading test in a full squat, a Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level-1 (YYIRT-1) and a 20 m shuttle run test (20mSRT). The mean (RSAmean), the fastest (RSAbest), each single sprint time, and the percentage in a sprint decrease (%Dec) in the RSA test were calculated. RSAbest correlated significantly with RSAmean (r = .82) and with all single sprints (p < 0.05), showing a downward trend as the number of sprints performed increased. No significant relationship was observed between the %Dec and RSA performance. CMJs and the T30 also showed a correlation with RSA performance, whereas lower limb strength did not show any relationship with RSA performance. RSAmean showed significant (p < 0.05) relationships with body mass (r = .44), adiposity (r = .59) and the YYIRT-1 (r = -.62), increasing as the number of repeated sprints increased. The 20mSRT showed minimal relationships with RSA performance. In conclusion, maximal sprint capacity seems to be relevant for the RSA performance, mainly in the first sprints. However, high intermittent endurance capacity and low adiposity might help enhance the RSA performance when increasing the number of repeated sprints.
Quality Perception of the 2012 World Indoor Athletics Championships
Authors: Simsek Kerem Yildirim
Published: December 2016

The objective of this study was to compare the views of spectators concerning the quality perception of the World Indoor Athletics Championships. The study group consisted of 568 spectators who watched the events. A measurement scale of event quality in spectator sports (SEQSS) developed by Ko et al. (2011) was used as a data collection tool in the study. In order to determine the views of the spectators concerning the quality of the Indoor Athletics Championships, the dimensions constituting the scale were compared according to the demographic features of the sample group. As a consequence, important differences in most of the dimensions of the scale were revealed with respect to the demographic data of the subjects. The most relevant finding of the study is that the dimension of “physical environment quality”, which is one of the dimensions constituting the event quality, differed significantly in all comparisons that were made according to demographic features.
Periodization in Team Sport Games - A Review of Current Knowledge and Modern Trends in Competitive Sports
Authors: Lyakh Vladimir , Mikołajec Kazimierz , Bujas Przemysław , Witkowski Zbigniew , Zając Tomasz , Litkowycz Ryszard , Banyś Damian
Published: December 2016

The main goal of this study was to present a review of current knowledge and modern trends in periodization of the training process in team sports. The research objectives were: an analysis of various aspects of periodization of the annual training cycle for elite athletes practicing team sport games, an attempt to determine both the examined and unexamined issues related with periodization of training as well as to indicate directions for further research, and finally, presentation of different training loads and competitions in micro-, meso- and macrocycles. The research consisted of the analysis and generalization of the bibliography, methods of monitoring training and competition loads of the Polish national U17 female soccer team in the seasons 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, as well as of the female basketball division one club in the season 2014/2015. Findings of the present study indicate resolved as well as unresolved aspects of annual training cycle periodization in team sport games and provide information on the types of training and competitive workload planning in micro-, meso- and macrocycles.
Evaluation of the Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation of The Lower Limbs Combined with Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Exercise Tolerance in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Kucio Cezary , Niesporek Justyna , Kucio Ewa , Narloch Dominika , Węgrzyn Bartosz
Published: December 2016

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a systemic disease with multiple extrapulmonary manifestations including impeded skeletal muscle function, leading to decreased muscular strength and endurance in patients with COPD. Pulmonary rehabilitation eases the symptoms of the condition and produces increased muscular endurance. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may serve as a treatment alternative to traditional pulmonary rehabilitation. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of NMES combined with pulmonary rehabilitation on exercise tolerance in patients in comparison with pulmonary rehabilitation alone. The subjects included 30 patients with COPD randomly assigned to one of the two groups. The first group consisted of 15 patients who were treated with neuromuscular electrical stimulation at frequency of 35Hz and pulmonary rehabilitation (NMES+RP). The second group comprised 15 patients treated with pulmonary rehabilitation only (RP). Pre- and poststudy assessments were performed. The retrospective evaluation including an exercise tolerance test (i.e. six minute walk test (6MWT)), spirometry and blood gasometry was carried out after 3 weeks. Twenty-eight patients in total completed the study. In the NMES+RP group, an increase in exercise tolerance manifested by a longer distance walked in the 6MWT was observed in comparison to the pulmonary rehabilitation group. No effects of NMES combined with pulmonary rehabilitation on selected spirometric and gasometric parameters in patients with COPD were observed in comparison with traditional pulmonary rehabilitation. The acquired results suggest that NMES of the lower limbs may be applied as an additional form of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD.
Effect of integrated school-based nutrition education on optimal dietary practices and nutritional status of school adolescents in Southwest of Ethiopia: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Tamiru Dessalegn , Argaw Alemayehu , Gerbaba Mulusew , Ayana Girmay , Nigussie Aderajew , Belachew Tefera
Published: December 2016

Background:

Malnutrition and infection are major barriers to educational access and achievement in low-income countries and also work in conjunction with each other in deteriorating wellness and productivity of school adolescents.

Methods:

A quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based nutrition education using a peer-led approach, health promotion through school media and health clubs. Data were collected at baseline, midline and end line from sampled participants. To account for the effect of time trend, the difference was measured using a repeated measure analysis. Variables that have p≤0.25 in the bivariate analyses were entered into multivariables to determine the independent effect of interventions.

Results:

There is a significant difference in food variety between food secure and insecure households (p<0.01). A significant improvement of animal source dietary intake was observed among intervention schools (p<0.001) that was significantly associated with an intervention [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.26, confidence interval (CI): 0.16, 0.42], male gender (AOR=0.48, CI: 0.31, 0.73) and household economic status (AOR=1.69, CI: 1.01, 2.84). The control group had high body mass index (BMI) at baseline, but a significant improvement was observed among the intervention schools, which positively associated with male gender (AOR=4.13, CI: 2.38, 7.15) and having a middle-income family (AOR=2.93, CI: 1.92, 6.15).

Conclusion:

This study showed that by integrating a dietary intervention into school-based activities, there might be significant improvements in dietary intake of primary school adolescents. Therefore, school-based nutrition education programs should be a part of comprehensive school health programs to reach the students and potentially their families.
Sensitivity and specificity of different methods for cystic fibrosis-related diabetes screening: is the oral glucose tolerance test still the standard?
Authors: Mainguy Catherine , Bellon Gabriel , Delaup Véronique , Ginoux Tiphanie , Kassai-Koupai Behrouz , Mazur Stéphane , Rabilloud Muriel , Remontet Laurent , Reix Philippe
Published: December 2016

Background:

Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a late cystic fibrosis (CF)-associated comorbidity whose prevalence is increasing sharply lifelong. Guidelines for glucose metabolism (GM) monitoring rely on the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). However, this test is neither sensitive nor specific. The aim of this study was to compare sensitivity and specificity of different methods for GM monitoring in children and adolescents with CF.

Methods:

Continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS), used as the reference method, was compared with the OGTT, intravenous glucose tolerance test (IGTT), homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment index of β-cell function (HOMA-%B) and glycated haemoglobin A

Results:

Twenty-nine patients (median age: 13.1 years) were recruited. According to CGMS, 11 had DM, 12 IGT and six NGT, whereas OGTT identified three patients with DM and five with IGT. While 13 of 27 had insulin deficiency according to IGTT, there was 19 of 28 according to HOMA-%B. According to HOMA-IR, 12 of 28 had insulin resistance. HOMA-%B was the most sensitive method for CFRD screening [sensitivity 91% (95% CI), specificity 47% (95% CI) and negative predictive value 89% (95% CI)].

Conclusions:

OGTT showed the weak capacity to diagnose DM in CF and should no longer be considered as the reference method for CFRD screening in patients with CF. In our study, HOMA-%B showed promising metrics for CFRD screening. Finally, CGMS revealed that pathological glucose excursions were frequent even early in life.
Usefulness of non-fasting lipid parameters in children
Authors: Kubo Toshihide , Takahashi Kyohei , Furujo Mahoko , Hyodo Yuki , Tsuchiya Hiroki , Hattori Mariko , Fujinaga Shoko , Urayama Kenji
Published: December 2016

Background:

This study assessed whether non-fasting lipid markers could be substituted for fasting markers in screening for dyslipidemia, whether direct measurement of non-fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C (D)] could be substituted for the calculation of fasting LDL-C [LDL-C (F)], and the utility of measuring non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C).

Methods:

In 33 children, the lipid profile was measured in the non-fasting and fasting states within 24 h. Correlations were examined between non-fasting LDL-C (D) or non-HDL-C levels and fasting LDL-C (F) levels.

Results:

Non-fasting triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C (D), and non-HDL-C levels were all significantly higher than the fasting levels, but the mean difference was within 10% (except for TG). Non-fasting LDL-C (D) and non-HDL-C levels were strongly correlated with the fasting LDL-C (F) levels.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, except for TG, non-fasting lipid parameters are useful when screening children for dyslipidemia. Direct measurement of non-fasting LDL-C and calculation of non-fasting non-HDL-C could replace the calculation of fasting LDL-C because of convenience.
YKL-40 expression in abnormal invasive placenta cases
Authors: Gözükara İlay , Özgür Tümay , Dolapçıoğlu Kenan , Güngören Arif , Karapınar Oya Soylu
Published: December 2016

Objective:

YKL-40 is a secreted glycoprotein and has been implicated in the proliferation and differentiation of malignant cells, extracellular tissue remodelling, neovascularisation, inhibition of cancer cell apoptosis and stimulation of tumour-associated fibroblasts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate YKL-40 tissue expression in extravillous trophoblast invasion and its possible implication in placenta creta.

Methods:

A total of 35 placenta creta cases and six control cases were included in the study, of which eight cases were placenta accreta, 12 were increta and 15 were percreta. Histological YKL-40 staining was scored in tissue as weak (1), medium (2) and strong (3).

Results:

YKL-40 immunoreactivity intensity in the percreta group was significantly higher compared to the increta and accreta groups (2.47±0.74, 1.33±0.49 and 1.37±0.52, respectively; P=0.000). YKL-40 immunoreactivity intensity was positively correlated with creta (r=0.6; P=0.000), depth of invasion (r=0.49; P=0.003) and depth of invasion to full thickness ratio (r=0.58; P=0.000).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that YKL-40 is strongly expressed in placenta percreta and is correlated with extravillous trophoblast invasion. These findings may be informative for understanding the pathophysiology of placenta creta.
α-Synuclein lipoprotein nanoparticles
Authors: Eichmann Cédric , Bibow Stefan , Riek Roland
Published: December 2016

Apolipoprotein nanodiscs are a versatile tool in nanotechnology as membrane mimetics allowing, for example, the study of membrane proteins. It has recently been discovered that the Parkinson’s disease associated protein α-synuclein (α-Syn) can also form discoid-like lipoprotein nanoparticles. The present review highlights the observation that α-Syn has the properties to define stable and homogeneous populations of nanoparticles with diameters of 7–10 nm and 19–28 nm by modifying lipid vesicles or encapsulating lipid bilayers in a nanodisc-type fashion, respectively. In contrast to apolipoprotein nanodiscs, α-Syn nanoparticles can incorporate entirely negatively charged lipids emphasizing their potential use in nanotechnology as a negatively charged membrane mimetic.
Comparison of selected methods used in the assessment of contamination with heavy metals in littoral sediments of lakes
Authors: Dunalska Julita A. , Gusiatin Zygmunt M. , Zieliński Rafał , Szymański Daniel , Sieńska Justyna
Published: December 2016

This study compared selected methods of assessing the pollution in the littoral sediments by heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Cd) in 13 lakes of the Borecka Forest. For this purpose, the ecotoxicological criteria (PEL TEL), the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), the contamination factor (CF) and the contamination degree (Cd) were applied. Characteristic values for both Poland (GBP) and the Earth’s crust (GBE) were assumed as the geochemical background. In addition, the organic (TOC) and inorganic (TIC) carbon were determined in the analyzed sediments. Regardless of the method or adopted background value, the highest pollution level was in the littoral sediments of Lake Szwałk Mały and Lake Kacze. This was primarily associated with increased concentrations of Cd (1.25 and 0.64 mg kg−1, respectively), which was considered as “likely to have toxic effects on organisms” (exceeding PEL). Several potential sources of this metal (fertilizers, herbicides, leaky septic tanks, bait fishing, drainage ditches, allochthonous organic matter) were identified. The content of heavy metals in the littoral sediments of other lakes was sufficiently low and they could be considered as basically uncontaminated.
Ecological patterns of water bug (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) assemblages in karst springs: a case study from central Montenegro
Authors: Gligorović Bogić , Savić Ana , Protić Ljiljana , Pešić Vladimir
Published: December 2016

The composition of water bug communities from 32 springs located in the central part of Montenegro was investigated. Twenty five species were identified, including 13 reported as new to Montenegro. The most common species were Hydrometra stagnorum and Velia sp. (Gerromorpha). Our study in the central part of Montenegro revealed that environmental and faunistic classification of karstic springs based on water bug communities may not correspond with each other. According to environmental characteristics, springs were divided into three groups indicating anthropogenic impact on the spring habitats. Water bug communities divided springs into four groups. There are differences in species richness between these four types of water bug assemblages and among the studied spring types. Results of CCA analysis revealed spring size as the main driver of biotic diversity of aquatic bugs in springs. Our study showed that community groups of water bugs specified in the biotic classification of spring habitats are much better defined than assemblages distinguished in the environmental site classification.
Is the body condition of the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) determined by the type of food consumed?
Authors: Pawelec Anna J. , Sapota Mariusz R. , Skóra Michał E.
Published: December 2016

The three spine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus is a small omnivorous, wildly distributed fish. In this study, food uptake and body condition of three spine stickleback, from the Gulf of Gdansk eulitoral was investigated. Samples were taken from three locations of the Gulf of Gdańsk: in vicinities of Sopot, Chałupy and Hel. Copepods were the most quantitive food components in the three spine stickleback stomachs. In spring, at Hel station -Harpacticoida and in Sopot, crustacean and fish eggs, were dominating as a fish prey. During summer, Calanoida were most abundant in stomachs collected from fish caught in Chałupy, fish eggs and Calanoida in those from Hel station. In stomachs of fish from Sopot location most common prey were Cladocera. Comparison of stomach content to food base and Fulton’s body condition index revealed that the three spine stickleback uses available food base in efficient way.
Occurrence of the parasite Prosorhynchus squamatus (Digenea) in mussels Mytilus trossulus from the Gulf of Gdańsk (the southern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Rolbiecki Leszek , Wołowicz Maciej , Dołęga Małgorzata
Published: December 2016

Sporocysts with cercariae of Prosorhynchus squamatus Odhner, 1905 (Digenea, Bucephalidae) have been found for the first time in mussels Mytilus trossulus Gould, 1850 from the Gulf of Gdańsk (the southern Baltic Sea). The presented work provides a description and morphometry of larvae of this parasite.
Comb-like copolymer dispersant for PP/CaCO3 composites: effects of particle concentration on properties of composites
Authors: Jing Xiwei , Gong Weiguang , Feng Zhongjun , Meng Xin , Zheng Baicun
Published: December 2016

A comb-like copolymer poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride)-graft-poly (ε-caprolacton) (SMA-g-PCL, SP) with carboxyl group as an anchoring group and polycaprolactone as a solvent chain was used as an effective dispersant for CaCO3 in the polypropylene (PP) matrix. The effects of CaCO3 concentration on crystallization behaviors, mechanical properties, and thermal stabilities were studied systematically. The results revealed that the dispersion of CaCO3 in the PP matrix was markedly improved owing to the steric hindrance effect caused by PCL, and the SP-coated CaCO3 was a very effective nucleating agent for PP. Proper CaCO3 concentration corresponded to the improvement of crystallization temperature, crystallinity, and crystallization rate of PP. There was only a slight improvement in yield stress but great improvement in Young’s modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength. However, the excessive CaCO3 filler deteriorated the mechanical properties. The good dispersion of SP-coated CaCO3 in the PP matrix also accounted for the improvement of thermal stability. The initial decomposition temperature of the PP/CaCO3 composite with 7.4 wt.% CaCO3 increased 35°C compared with neat PP.
How did Anaximander Become a Material Monist?
Authors: Carraro Nicola
Published: December 2016

Although the view that Anaximander was a Material Monist is not very popular nowadays, it is still widely held that it was embraced by Aristotle at least on some occasions, then adopted by Theophrastus, and later on inherited by Simplicius, our main source on the Presocratics. I argue that none of these three philosophers held this view and that, for this reason, it should not be seen as the standard ancient interpretation of Anaximander.
Platonic Astronomy and the Development of Ancient Sphairopoiia
Authors: Kalligas Paul
Published: December 2016

Plato’s views on astronomy are still somehow debated, however various scholars have associated his name with the project of “saving the appearances”, which is thought to have aimed at offering a precise geometrical account of celestial motions. A passage from Theon of Smyrna’s treatise on Platonic mathematics relates this project with the construction of mechanical models of the cosmos. New information deriving from the study of the so-called Antikythera mechanism, found nearly 100 years ago in an ancient shipwreck in the Aegean, seems to provide important technical evidence illustrating the evolution of this endeavour during the Hellenistic period.
Seasonal Changes in Soccer Players' Body Composition and Dietary Intake Practices
Authors: Devlin Brooke L. , Kingsley Michael , Leveritt Michael D. , Belski Regina
Published: December 2016

Devlin, BL, Kingsley, M, Leveritt, MD, and Belski, R. Seasonal changes in soccer players' body composition and dietary intake practices. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3319–3326, 2017—The aims of this study were 2-fold: to determine seasonal changes in dietary intake and body composition in elite soccer players and to evaluate the influence of self-determined individual body composition goals on dietary intake and body composition. This longitudinal, observational study assessed body composition (total mass, fat-free soft tissue mass, and fat mass) using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and dietary intake (energy and macronutrients) via multiple-pass 24-hour recalls, at 4 time points over a competitive season in elite soccer players from one professional club in the Australian A-League competition. Self-reported body composition goals were also recorded. Eighteen elite male soccer players took part (25 ± 5 years, 180.5 ± 7.4 cm, 75.6 ± 6.5 kg). Majority (≥67%) reported the goal to maintain weight. Fat-free soft tissue mass increased from the start of preseason (55,278 ± 5,475 g) to the start of competitive season (56,784 ± 5,168 g; p < 0.001), and these gains were maintained until the end of the season. Fat mass decreased over the preseason period (10,072 ± 2,493 g to 8,712 ± 1,432 g; p < 0.001), but increased during the latter part of the competitive season. Dietary intake practices on training days were consistent over time and low compared with sport nutrition recommendations. The self-reported body composition goals did not strongly influence dietary intake practices or changes in body composition. This study has demonstrated that body composition changes over the course of a soccer season are subtle in elite soccer players despite relatively low self-reported intake of energy and carbohydrate.