bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Literary Diplomacy: the Margins of Representation
Authors: Hampton Timothy
Published: April 2019

Diplomats as consumers and producers of literary texts have a long history. More recent, however, is a literary understanding of dress, ceremony, gifts, and other trappings of the diplomatic profession as essential components of representation – of power, of the state, and of diplomats themselves.
Whither Diplomatic History? An Early-Modern Historian’s Perspective
Authors: Osborne Toby
Published: April 2019

Early modernists have been among the most early and active contributors to the establishment of New Diplomatic History. How has their work affected that on other periods, and how might it continue to do so? How have such extensive histories written during the past decade reframed a wider understanding of the European state system that did so much to establish modern diplomacy? And how might such an understanding be relevant to modern, even contemporary, historians, as well as to other scholars?
Rethinking the Geographies of Diplomacy
Authors: McConnell Fiona
Published: April 2019

Space and place matter to diplomacy, yet surprisingly little analytical attention has been paid to geographical approaches and questions. This intervention sketches out the potentially productive lens that a geographical approach to diplomacy can offer in terms of diversifying conceptual framings, widening the empirical lens so that a broader range of practices, actors and objects come into view when we consider “diplomacy,” and embracing an open and integrative approach to interdisciplinary thinking about diplomacy.
Protoblepharon mccoskeri, a new flashlight fish from eastern Taiwan (Teleostei: Anomalopidae)
Authors: HO HSUAN-CHING , JOHNSON G. DAVID
Published: April 2019

A new flashlight fish of the genus Protoblepharon is described based on a large male specimen collected from easternTaiwan, northwestern Pacific Ocean. It differs from the only congener, P. rosenblatti, in having the following characters:a smaller light organ with a larger cup; a deeper body; a strongly convex dorsal profile; a smaller and anterior placed pelvicfin, the appressed fin reaching to the midpoint between origins of pelvic and anal fins; a smaller pectoral fin, the apressedfin not reaching the lateral line; second dorsal-fin spine the longest; a shorter snout; a smaller eye; about 30 scale rows between first dorsal-fin base and lateral line; and more than 260 scale rows along the body axis.
Erratum: LUCAS SILVEIRA ANTONIETTO, CLÁUDIA PINTO MACHADO, DERMEVAL APARECIDO DO CARMO & JOSÉ WILSON CORREA ROSA (2012) Recent Ostracoda (Arthropoda, Crustacea) from São Pedro-São Paulo Archipelago, Brazil: a preliminary approach. Zootaxa, 3335, 29–53.
Authors: ANTONIETTO LUCAS SILVEIRA , MACHADO CLÁUDIA PINTO , DO CARMO DERMEVAL APARECIDO , ROSA JOSÉ WILSON CORREA
Published: April 2019

(Erratum)
A new species of cave catfish from Brazil, Trichomycterus rubbioli sp.n., from Serra do Ramalho karstic area, São Francisco River basin, Bahia State (Silurifomes: Trichomycteridae)
Authors: BICHUETTE MARIA ELINA , RIZZATO PEDRO PEREIRA
Published: April 2019

Trichomycterus rubbioli, herein described, is a new species from the limestone caves of the Água Clara system from theSerra do Ramalho karstic area, southwest of Bahia State, north-eastern Brazil. The new species is diagnosed by the com-bination of the following non-exclusive characters: highly reduced skin pigmentation; reduced eyes, externally visible assmall black or reddish-brown spots; long barbels, especially the nasal (86.9–127.1% of head length) and maxillary (98.1–129.3% of head length); and pectoral-fin ray count reaching I, 9. The troglobitic status is suggested by the presence oftroglomorphisms on an advanced degree, especially the reduction of skin pigmentation and the regression of the eyes, be-sides the absence of individuals in superficial drainages of the region. Population densities, recorded on two occasions,were extremely low. Trichomycterus rubbioli occurs in water bodies formed by infiltration in the rock, and, because of this, it must be considered fragile and as a priority in conservation programs of Brazilian karstic areas.
Description of the previously unknown advertisement calls of Hyalinobatrachium fragile, H. pellucidum, and Vitreorana antisthenesi (Amphibia: Centrolenidae)
Authors: WEN APRIL , VASQUEZ NEIDA , CASTROVIEJO-FISHER SANTIAGO
Published: April 2019

We provide for the first time detailed descriptions of the advertisement calls of three species of glassfrogs of the familyCentrolenidae. The call of Hyalinobatrachium pellucidum is a single, high-pitched tonal note, lacking amplitudemodulation, lasting 0.12–0.18 s, and with a dominant frequency of 4863.54–5408.68 Hz. The call of H. fragile is alsocomposed of a single tonal note, lasting 0.12–0.15 s, with a dominant frequency of 3774.78–3931.89 Hz; however, thecall of H. fragile exhibits amplitude modulation that resembles the shape of a Goldfish cracker when visualized as anoscillogram. The call of Vitreorana antisthenesi consists of a single note of modulated pulses that decrease in energy,lasting 0.03–0.05 s, and with a dominant frequency of 5345.44–5484.73 Hz. We compare these three calls to those of congeneric species in a phylogenetic context.
A new leptochelioid family, Heterotanoididae (Crustacea: Peracarida: Tanaidacea), and a new species of Heterotanoides from New Zealand
Authors: BIRD GRAHAM J.
Published: April 2019

A new species of Heterotanoides is described from Waiheke Island, in the warm Aupourian zoogeographic province of New Zealand, and its relationships to other members of the genus are discussed. New characters for Heterotanoides, such as plumose epimeral setae, cap-like antennule segment, and four-spined maxilliped endites are presented, and their phylogenetic relevance examined. Based on phylogenetic analyses of Heterotanoides, leptocheliids, pseudozeuxids, teleotanaids, and some nototanaids, a new family is established for the genus: Heterotanoididae.
Taxonomy of the southernmost populations of Philander (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae), with implications for the systematics of the genus
Authors: CHEMISQUY M. AMELIA , FLORES DAVID A.
Published: April 2019

The taxonomic identities of populations of Philander Brisson of Argentina are still unclear. Philander frenatus (Olfers) isthe only species assigned to the country, a conclusion based on incomplete analysis of available material and without aclear taxonomic criterion. The aim of this study was to determine the taxonomic identity of the populations of Philanderof Argentina. To accomplish this, DNA from eight specimens from Argentina and one specimen from Paraguay wassequenced and compared with sequences published by other authors, using a phylogenetic approach. To complement themolecular information, seven skull measurements were taken from specimens of P. frenatus and P. opossum canus(Osgood) from Bolivia and Brazil, and compared with the specimens from Argentina and Paraguay using biandmultivariate analyses. Molecular and morphological results showed that there are two species of Philander in Argentina,P. frenatus in Misiones province and P. opossum canus in Chaco and Formosa provinces. Both species can bemorphologically distinguished only by the width of the postorbital constriction. Finally, the phylogenetic analyses and thepairwise genetic distances between the included sequences showed that the taxonomic status of Philander mcilhennyi, P. opossum and its subspecies should be revisited.
Taxonomy of Salamanders of the Family Plethodontidae (Amphibia: Caudata)
Authors: WAKE DAVID B.
Published: April 2019

Several recent publications have made recommendations for changes in the taxonomy of plethodontid salamanders.  Here formal taxonomic proposals are made, in accordance with the Code, regarding family-group taxa.  Subfamilies Hemidactyliinae and Plethodontinae are recognized, the former with four tribes and the latter with five tribes.  Genera are assigned to the tribes, and subgenera are recognized in the genera Batrachoseps, Bolitoglossa, Hydromantes, Oedipina and Plethodon.
A new species of Sibon (Squamata: Colubroidea: Dipsadidae) from the Cordillera Central of western Panama, with comments on other species of the genus in the area
Authors: LOTZKAT SEBASTIAN , HERTZ ANDREAS , KÖHLER GUNTHER
Published: April 2019

We describe Sibon noalamina sp. nov. from the Caribbean versant of the Cordillera Central, in the Comarca Ngöbe-Bugléand the province of Veraguas of western Panama. Due to its coral snake-like, bicolored pattern, the new species superfi-cially resembles Sibon anthracops, Dipsas articulata, D. bicolor, D. temporalis, and D. viguieri. It differs from these spe-cies, and from all its congeners, by having only five supralabials, by the unique shape of the posterior supralabial, and bya slight keeling on some dorsal rows in adults. We discuss its conservation perspectives, and provide new distributional records for S. annulatus and S. longifrenis, as well as an updated key to the Lower Central American species of Sibon.
Two new species of the genus Leipsuropus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Podoceridae) from Japanese and Korean waters
Authors: ARIYAMA HIROYUKI
Published: April 2019

Two new species of the amphipod genus Leipsuropus Stebbing, 1899 are described. Leipsuropus astericolus sp. nov.was collected from the surface of a starfish in Japanese waters and L. hongi sp. nov. from the bottom in Korean waters.Both species have distinct projections on dorsal and lateral surfaces of head, pereonites 1–7 and pleonites 1, 2, and theprojections were acute in L. astericolus and blunt in L. hongi. These new species are quite different from L. parasiticus(Haswell, 1879) in Australian waters which has only dorsal rugae on pereonites 1–5. They are also distinguishable fromL. sinensis Ren, 2012 in Chinese waters in their sinuate palms of the male gnathopod 2. A key to species of the genus is provided.
Gelasimus splendidus Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae), a valid species of fiddler crab from the northern South China Sea and Taiwan Strait
Authors: SHIH HSI-TE , NG PETER K. L. , WONG KINGSLEY J. H. , CHAN BENNY K. K.
Published: April 2019

The fiddler crab, Uca splendida (Stimpson, 1858) has been synonymized under Uca crassipes (White, 1847) since Crane(1975). Studies of specimens from the Hong Kong type locality and adjacent areas of China, Taiwan and Vietnam showthat U. splendida is a valid species, with a characteristic suite of carapace and gonopod features as well as a distinctcytochrome oxidase I (COI) signature. Genetic work shows that U. splendida belongs to a well-supported clade and is thesister species of U. crassipes. The distribution of U. splendida is restricted to continental East and continental SoutheastAsia, in contrast to the oceanic distribution of U. crassipes. Both species, however, are sympatric in Penghu Islands, western Taiwan and Dongsha Island (=Pratas Island).
Redescription of the giant mud worm Paraleonnates uschakovi Khlebovich and Wu, 1962 (Polychaeta: Nereididae) with special reference to the synonymy of Periserrula leucophryna Paik, 1977 and the difference from Paraleonnates bolus (Hutchings and Reid, 1991)
Authors: HONG JAE-SANG , CHOI BYUNG-MEE , KUBO AKI , SATO MASANORI
Published: April 2019

There has been a long-standing taxonomic confusion over the name of a giant nereidid worm living in Asian intertidalmud flats. To clear up the confusion, we examined the type specimens of Paraleonnates uschakovi Khlebovich and Wu,1962 described from China as well as Periserrula leucophryna Paik, 1977 described from Korea (Polychaeta: Nereididae),together with additional non-type materials newly collected from Korea, China, Taiwan, and Thailand. Our results con-firmed that Periserrula leucophryna should be reduced to a junior synonym of Paraleonnates uschakovi as previouslynoted, and that this species is widely distributed in Asia, newly recorded from Taiwan and Thailand. We also present newinformation about the arrangement of three kinds of chaetae in the parapodia as a characteristic of this species. We alsocompared this species with Paraleonnates bolus (Hutchings and Reid, 1991) described from Australia and concluded thatthese are different species. Based on our examination, we propose the amended diagnosis of the genus ParaleonnatesKhlebovich and Wu, 1962. Paraleonnates Amoureux, 1985 erected as a monotypic genus for P. guadalupensis Amoureux,1985 was judged as a junior homonym of Paraleonnates Khlebovich and Wu, 1962, and P. guadalupensis is transferred to the genus Leonnates Kinberg, 1865.
Description of a new pygmy chameleon (Chamaeleonidae: Brookesia) from central Madagascar
Authors: CROTTINI ANGELICA , MIRALLES AURÉLIEN , GLAW FRANK , HARRIS D. JAMES , LIMA ALEXANDRA , VENCES MIGUEL
Published: April 2019

We describe a new Brookesia species from a forest fragment located 13 km south of Ambalavao in the southern part ofMadagascar's central high plateau. Brookesia brunoi sp. nov. is one of the few arid-adapted Brookesia species inhabitingdeciduous forests on the western slope of the central high plateau of the island (around 950 m a.s.l.). So far the species hasonly been observed in the private Anja Reserve. The species belongs to the Brookesia decaryi group formed by arid-adapt-ed Brookesia species of western Madagascar: B. bonsi Ramanantsoa, B. perarmata (Angel), B. brygooi Raxworthy &Nussbaum and B. decaryi Angel. Brookesia brunoi differs from the other four species of the group by a genetic divergenceof more than 17.6% in the mitochondrial ND2 gene, and by a combination of morphological characters: (1) nine pairs oflaterovertebral pointed tubercles, (2) absence of enlarged pointed tubercles around the vent, (3) presence of poorly definedlaterovertebral tubercles along the entire tail, (4) by the configuration of its cephalic crest, and (5) hemipenial morphology.Based on our molecular phylogeny this species is sister to a clade containing B. brygooi, B. decaryi, and probably B. bonsifor which no ND2 sequences were available. Our molecular data also confirm the presence of a divergent mitochondriallineage in the Tsingy de Bemaraha, which might be assigned to either B. bonsi or B. decaryi, and point to the need of more research on this population.
Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part I: The genus Ampharete Malmgren, 1866, along with a discussion of several taxonomic characters of the family and the introduction of a new identification tool
Authors: IMAJIMA MINORU , REUSCHER MICHAEL G. , FIEGE DIETER
Published: April 2019

Five species of Ampharete are reported from Japan. Two species, Ampharete ampullata sp. nov., and Ampharetecinnamomea sp. nov., are newly described, and Ampharete falcata, is newly recorded from the North Pacific. Severalmorphological characters are reviewed and their value for taxonomy and systematics is discussed. A schematic diagram of the anterior end of ampharetid polychaetes, which may serve as the species’ “ID card”, is introduced.
Taxonomic revision of Brazilian genus Tyrannoseira Bellini & Zeppelini, 2011 (Collembola, Entomobryidae, Seirinae)
Authors: CIPOLA NIKOLAS GIOIA , DE MORAIS JOSÉ WELLINGTON , GODEIRO NERIVANIA NUNES , BELLINI BRUNO CAVALCANTE
Published: April 2019

Tyranonoseira is revised and new diagnostic characters to the genus and its species are proposed. The genus is now characterised by distinct chaetotaxic patterns of head, in lacking M2, S1, S4, S5 macrochaetae and Th II to Abd IV with 21–27, 7, 0, 3, 1 and 8–10 central macrochaetae, as well as anterior legs of males with modified chaetae. The five species of the genus are redescribed based on type material: T. raptora Zeppelini & Bellini, T. bicolorcornuta Bellini & Zeppelini, T. diabolica Bellini & Godeiro, T. gladiata Zeppelini & Lima and T. sex Bellini & Zeppelini. We include an identification key and comparison of the species. The dorsal chaetotaxy is similar for all species. Characters omitted from the original descriptions such as chaetotaxy of the clypeus, labral papillae, collophore chaetae and manubrial formula are now used to distinguish species more clearly. We compare the morphology of Seira and Tyrannoseira using dorsal chaetotaxy and the modified chaetae on anterior legs of males.
GSDR: A Global Sub-Daily Rainfall Dataset
Authors: Lewis Elizabeth , Fowler Hayley , Alexander Lisa , Dunn Robert , McClean Fergus , Barbero Renaud , Guerreiro Selma , Li Xiao-Feng , Blenkinsop Stephen
Published: April 2019

Extreme short-duration rainfall can cause devastating flooding that puts lives, infrastructure, and natural ecosystems at risk. It is therefore essential to understand how this type of extreme rainfall will change in a warmer world. A significant barrier to answering this question is the lack of sub-daily rainfall data available at the global scale. To this end, a global sub-daily rainfall dataset based on gauged observations has been collated. The dataset is highly variable in its spatial coverage, record length, completeness and, in its raw form, quality. This presents significant difficulties for many types of analyses. The dataset currently comprises 23 687 gauges with an average record length of 13 years. Apart from a few exceptions, the earliest records begin in the 1950s. The Global Sub-Daily Rainfall Dataset (GSDR) has wide applications, including improving our understanding of the nature and drivers of sub-daily rainfall extremes, improving and validating of high-resolution climate models, and developing a high-resolution gridded sub-daily rainfall dataset of indices.
Interactions between Convection and a Moist Vortex Associated with an Extreme Rainfall Event over Southern West Africa
Authors: Maranan Marlon , Fink Andreas H. , Knippertz Peter , Francis Sabastine D. , Akpo Aristide B. , Jegede Gbenga , Yorke Charles
Published: April 2019

An intense mesoscale convective system (MCS) in the Guinea Coast region caused one of the highest ever recorded daily rainfall amounts at the Nigerian station Abakaliki on 12 June 2016 (223.5 mm). This paper provides a detailed analysis of the meso- and synoptic-scale factors leading to this event, including some so far undocumented dynamical aspects for southern West Africa. The MCS formed over the Darfur Mountains due to diurnal heating, then moved southwestward along a mid- to lower-tropospheric trough, and developed into a classical West African squall line in a highly sheared environment with pronounced midlevel dryness. Strong moisture flux convergence over Nigeria prior to the MCS passage led to extreme values in precipitable water and was caused by the formation of a local, short-lived heat low. According to the pressure tendency equation, the latter resulted from tropospheric warming due to MCS-forced subsidence as well as surface insolation in the resulting almost cloud-free atmosphere. In this extremely moist environment, the MCS strongly intensified and initiated the formation of a lower-tropospheric vortex, which resulted in a deceleration of the MCS and high rainfall accumulation at Abakaliki. Following the vorticity equation, the vortex formation was realized through strong low-level vortex stretching and upper-level vertical vorticity advection related to the MCS, which became “dynamically large” compared to the Rossby radius of deformation. Eventually, moisture supply and lifting associated with the vortex are suggested to promote the longevity of the MCS during the subsequent westward movement along the Guinea Coast.
Adult attachment and relationship satisfaction: The mediating role of gratitude toward the partner
Authors: Vollmann Manja , Sprang Sem , van den Brink Femke
Published: April 2019

Previous research indicated that insecure attachment, that is, higher levels of attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety, is negatively associated with relationship satisfaction. The present study investigated the mediating role of gratitude toward the partner in this association. In a cross-sectional design, 362 participants (84% female, age range 18–70 years) involved in a romantic relationship completed an online questionnaire assessing attachment avoidance and anxiety, gratitude toward the partner, and relationship satisfaction. Data were analyzed by means of regression and bootstrap analyses. The regression analysis revealed significant negative total and direct effects of both avoidance and anxiety on relationship satisfaction. The bootstrap analyses revealed a significant negative indirect effect of avoidance, but not anxiety, on relationship satisfaction via gratitude toward the partner. Specifically, higher levels of avoidant attachment were related to less gratitude toward the partner, which in turn was associated with lower relationship satisfaction. These findings suggest that it might be valuable applying gratitude interventions to clients high in attachment avoidance attending couples therapy.
Doings with the land and sea: Decolonising geographies, Indigeneity, and enacting place-agency
Authors: Barker Adam J. , Pickerill Jenny
Published: April 2019

Indigenous and decolonising geographies should be unsettling and challenging to the ontological foundations of the geographical discipline. Yet despite many scholars recognising and arguing for the need for these perspectives, Indigeneity remains marginal and Indigenous knowledge has been denied academic legitimacy within geography. Using ‘doings’ as an active, emergent, and evolving praxis, this paper examines how we can do Indigenous and settler geographies better. It illustrates how knowledge, emotions, feelings and intuition only come into being through the doings of the body with other bodies, places, and objects, including non-humans. Action and thought are indistinguishable, feeling is knowing, and the world becomes known through doing and movement. In these doings, place – particularly the land and sea – is an active agent in the making of beings and knowledge. By focusing on active doings in place, and acknowledging the temporalities of Indigenous ontologies, geographers are better able to support political and everyday struggles, situate our work in relation to colonialism, recognise and value everyday practices of resurgence, and spend time building relationships. ‘Doing’ geography differently would decentre academics as the source of knowledge production, employ more diverse voices in our teaching and provide embodied and material resistance to colonialism and neoliberal capitalism.
Futures in action: Embodied or empty futures in youth activation workshops
Authors: Paju Elina
Published: April 2019

In this article, I explore the orientations towards the future and their consequences for action in youth activation workshops. My analysis is drawn from a distinction between embodied and embedded futures, on one hand, and empty and decontextualised futures, on the other hand. The relations among past, present and future times are explored, as well as the embodied or disembodied nature of orientations towards the future. I analyse the embodied orientations towards the future through Bergson's work. The collisions between two different time frames and projections for the future are found to require adjustments on an individual level in the private sphere. The various orientations towards the future are valued differently, and the embodied orientation is overridden by an understanding of the future as empty or even cruel. Nonetheless, I interpret the future to be active and to produce effects. My analysis draws from empirical data based on an ethnography conducted in youth activation workshops in the metropolitan area of Helsinki, Finland.
Informal Caregivers’ Perceptions of Needs From Hospice Providers: An Integrative Review
Authors: Engbers Ruth Anne
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

In the United States, informal caregivers (ICs) provide care to over 70% of patients at the end of life. Approximately 500 000 ICs contribute to the end-of-life care for patients in the United Kingdom. Hospice care is expanding worldwide to meet the needs of these ICs. Because ICs play an instrumental role in the provision of hospice services, and their perspective of their needs of formal services requires further clarity, the purpose of this review is to synthesize research that elucidates perceptions of ICs regarding their experiences with hospice providers.

Methods:

Twelve research studies regarding perceptions of informal hospice caregivers were obtained by searching CINAHL, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE databases.

Results:

Four primary themes emerged that describe what ICs perceive as beneficial contributions of hospice providers in aiding their caregiving: providing easy access to desired care, building up the caregiver, forming a relationship, and utilizing culturally relevant interpersonal skills.

Conclusion:

Particular attention must be paid to ensuring that the IC is acknowledged as an expert part of the team. Clearly explaining available services, creating better ways to ease the IC’s transition from caregiving to bereavement, and recruiting minority hospice providers are other important efforts that could improve the caregiving experience. The needs of ICs are complex, but by listening to their perspective, we can begin to clarify the best ways to aid them in their difficult job.
The Role of Participants in a Medical Information Commons
Authors: Majumder Mary A. , Bollinger Juli M. , Villanueva Angela G. , Deverka Patricia A. , Koenig Barbara A.
Published: April 2019

Meaningful participant engagement has been identified as a key contributor to the success of efforts to share data via a “Medical Information Commons” (MIC). We present findings from expert stakeholder interviews aimed at understanding barriers to engagement and the appropriate role of MIC participants. Although most interviewees supported engagement, they distinguished between individual versus collective forms. They also noted challenges including representation and perceived inefficiency, prompting reflection on political aspects of engagement and efficiency concerns.
Hopeful and Concerned: Public Input on Building a Trustworthy Medical Information Commons
Authors: Deverka Patricia A. , Gilmore Dierdre , Richmond Jennifer , Smith Zachary , Mangrum Rikki , Koenig Barbara A. , Cook-Deegan Robert , Villanueva Angela G. , Majumder Mary A. , McGuire Amy L.
Published: April 2019

A medical information commons (MIC) is a networked data environment utilized for research and clinical applications. At three deliberations across the U.S., we engaged 75 adults in two-day facilitated discussions on the ethical and social issues inherent to sharing data with an MIC. Deliberants made recommendations regarding opt-in consent, transparent data policies, public representation on MIC governing boards, and strict data security and privacy protection. Community engagement is critical to earning the public's trust.
Medical Information Commons to Support Learning Healthcare Systems: Examples From Canada
Authors: Bubela Tania , Genuis Shelagh K. , Janjua Naveed Z. , Krajden Mel , Mittmann Nicole , Podolak Katerina , Svenson Lawrence W.
Published: April 2019

We explore how principles predicting the success of a medical information commons (MIC) advantaged or disadvantaged three MIC initiatives in three Canadian provinces. Our MIC case examples demonstrate that practices and policies to promote access to and use of health information can help improve individual healthcare and inform a learning health system. MICs were constrained by heterogenous health information protection laws across jurisdictions and risk-averse institutional cultures. A networked approach to MICs would unlock even more potential for national and international data collaborations to improve health and healthcare.
Whose Commons? Data Protection as a Legal Limit of Open Science
Authors: Phillips Mark , Knoppers Bartha M.
Published: April 2019

Open science has recently gained traction as establishment institutions have come on-side and thrown their weight behind the movement and initiatives aimed at creation of information commons. At the same time, the movement's traditional insistence on unrestricted dissemination and reuse of all information of scientific value has been challenged by the movement to strengthen protection of personal data. This article assesses tensions between open science and data protection, with a focus on the GDPR.
Long-term survivors of cardiac arrest: A narrative inquiry
Authors: Haydon Gunilla , van der Riet Pamela , Inder Kerry
Published: April 2019

Background:

Despite extensive knowledge and research in cardiac health there is limited understanding in how a cardiac arrest influences the life of long-term survivors.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to explore how long-term survivors of a cardiac arrest adjusted to their new reality, expressed in their re-storied narratives.

Methods:

Seven individuals surviving a cardiac arrest 5–26 years ago were interviewed through in-depth conversations over a six-month period. These interviews were analysed using Clandinin and Connelly’s framework of narrative inquiry.

Results:

Seven threads were found: Disbelief, Surveillance of their body, Loss of control and desire for normality, Keeping fit and informing others, Gratefulness, Spirituality – luck and fate, and Fragility of life and dying.

Conclusions:

All seven long-term survivors of cardiac arrest expressed a positive attitude. Despite the nature of the cardiac arrest and the hurdles that followed, they have a heightened appreciation for life. This indicates that after the adaptation to their new reality of being a cardiac arrest survivor life returns to a new normality.
Influence of sensitive pose errors on tooth deviation of cylindrical gear in power skiving
Authors: Guo Erkuo , Ren Naifei , Liu Zhulin , Zheng Xintao
Published: April 2019

Power skiving is a modern and productive method in the manufacturing of cylindrical internal gears and external gears. However, pose errors of workpiece and cutter are caused by clamping, cutting force, and deformation of heat, which make the tooth deviation present a feature of complexity and diversity in the process of gear skiving. First, a mathematical model with workpiece and cutter pose errors is proposed to investigate the influence of sensitive error on tooth deviation by an example of internal gear skiving. Second, the correlation of tooth deviation with respect to eccentric error of workpiece, eccentric error of cutter, tilt error of cutter, and the multiple errors is studied. The sensitive errors are derived from the tooth deviation by using an orthogonal analysis with workpiece and cutter pose errors. Last, the experimental results show the validity of the numerical analysis results, and the influence of sensitive pose errors on tooth deviation can be used to identify the possible error in power skiving, as well as in gear generating method.
Engineered Bcor mutations lead to acute leukemia of progenitor B-1 lymphocyte origin in a sensitized background
Authors: Yin Mianmian , Chung Yang Jo , Lindsley R. Coleman , Walker Robert L. , Zhu Yuelin J. , Ebert Benjamin L. , Meltzer Paul S. , Aplan Peter D.
Published: April 2019

Approximately 10% of NUP98-PHF23 (NP23) mice develop an aggressive acute lymphoblastic leukemia of B-1 lymphocyte progenitor origin (pro-B1 ALL), accompanied by somatic frameshift mutations of the BCL6 interacting corepressor (Bcor) gene, most commonly within a 9-bp “hotspot” in Bcor exon 8. To determine whether experimentally engineered Bcor mutations would lead to pro-B1 ALL, we used clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats–associated protein 9 to introduce a Bcor frameshift mutation into NP23 hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells through the use of Bcor small guide RNAs (Bcor sgRNAs). Recipient mice transplanted with NP23 bone marrow or fetal liver cells that had been transduced with a Bcor sgRNA developed pro-B1 ALL, characterized by a B-1 progenitor immunophenotype, clonal Igh gene rearrangement, and Bcor indel mutation, whereas control recipients did not. Similar to a subset of human B-cell precursor ALL, the murine pro-B1 ALL had acquired somatic mutations in Jak kinase genes. JAK inhibitors (ruxolitinib and tofacitinib) inhibited the growth of pro-B1 ALL cell lines established from Bcor sgRNA/NP23 recipients at clinically achievable concentrations (100 nM). Our results demonstrate that Bcor mutations collaborate with NP23 to induce pro-B1 ALL, and that JAK inhibitors are potential therapies for pro-B1 ALL.
Recommendations for the management of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults
Authors: La Rosée Paul , Horne AnnaCarin , Hines Melissa , von Bahr Greenwood Tatiana , Machowicz Rafal , Berliner Nancy , Birndt Sebastian , Gil-Herrera Juana , Girschikofsky Michael , Jordan Michael B. , Kumar Ashish , van Laar Jan A. M. , Lachmann Gunnar , Nichols Kim E. , Ramanan Athimalaipet V. , Wang Yini , Wang Zhao , Janka Gritta , Henter Jan-Inge
Published: April 2019

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe hyperinflammatory syndrome induced by aberrantly activated macrophages and cytotoxic T cells. The primary (genetic) form, caused by mutations affecting lymphocyte cytotoxicity and immune regulation, is most common in children, whereas the secondary (acquired) form is most frequent in adults. Secondary HLH is commonly triggered by infections or malignancies but may also be induced by autoinflammatory/autoimmune disorders, in which case it is called macrophage activation syndrome (MAS; or MAS-HLH). Most information on the diagnosis and treatment of HLH comes from the pediatric literature. Although helpful in some adult cases, this raises several challenges. For example, the HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria developed for children are commonly applied but are not validated for adults. Another challenge in HLH diagnosis is that patients may present with a phenotype indistinguishable from sepsis or multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Treatment algorithms targeting hyperinflammation are frequently based on pediatric protocols, such as HLH-94 and HLH-2004, which may result in overtreatment and unnecessary toxicity in adults. Therefore, dose reductions, individualized tailoring of treatment duration, and an age-dependent modified diagnostic approach are to be considered. Here, we present expert opinions derived from an interdisciplinary working group on adult HLH, sponsored by the Histiocyte Society, to facilitate knowledge transfer between physicians caring for pediatric and adult patients with HLH, with the aim to improve the outcome for adult patients affected by HLH.
Histamine in psychiatry: promethazine as a sedative anticholinergic
Authors: Cookson John
Published: April 2019

The author reflects on discoveries over the course of a century concerning histamine as a potent chemical signal and neurotransmitter, the development of antihistamines, including promethazine, and chlorpromazine from a common precursor, and the recognition of a major brain pathway involving histamine. Although chlorpromazine has been succeeded by numerous other antipsychotics, promethazine remains the antihistamine recommended for sedation in acutely disturbed patients, largely because it is potently anticholinergic at atropinic muscarinic receptors and therefore anti-Parkinsonian: this means it is also useful in combination with older antipsychotics such as haloperidol.

DECLARATION OF INTEREST

None.
Leveraging Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Experiments to Model Intratumor Heterogeneity
Authors: Ferrall-Fairbanks Meghan C. , Ball Markus , Padron Eric , Altrock Philipp M.
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE

Many cancers can be treated with targeted therapy. Almost inevitably, tumors develop resistance to targeted therapy, either from pre-existence or by evolving new genotypes and traits. Intratumor heterogeneity serves as a reservoir for resistance, which often occurs as a result of the selection of minor cellular subclones. On the level of gene expression, clonal heterogeneity can only be revealed using high-dimensional single-cell methods. We propose using a general diversity index (GDI) to quantify heterogeneity on multiple scales and relate it to disease evolution.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We focused on individual patient samples that were probed with single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing to describe heterogeneity. We developed a pipeline to analyze single-cell data via sample normalization, clustering, and mathematical interpretation using a generalized diversity measure, as well as to exemplify the utility of this platform using single-cell data.

RESULTS

We focused on three sources of patient scRNA sequencing data: two healthy bone marrow (BM) donors, two patients with acute myeloid leukemia—each sampled before and after BM transplantation, four samples of presorted lineages—and six patients with lung carcinoma with multiregion sampling. While healthy/normal samples scored low in diversity overall, GDI further quantified the ways in which these samples differed. Whereas a widely used Shannon diversity index sometimes reveals fewer differences, GDI exhibits differences in the number of potential key drivers or clonal richness. Comparison of pre– and post–BM transplantation acute myeloid leukemia samples did not reveal differences in heterogeneity, although biological differences can exist.

CONCLUSION

GDI can quantify cellular heterogeneity changes across a wide spectrum, even when standard measures, such as the Shannon index, do not. Our approach can be widely applied to quantify heterogeneity across samples and conditions.
Phthalate Exposure and Breast Cancer Incidence: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Ahern Thomas P. , Broe Anne , Lash Timothy L. , Cronin-Fenton Deirdre P. , Ulrichsen Sinna Pilgaard , Christiansen Peer M. , Cole Bernard F. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Damkier Per
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE

Phthalate exposure is ubiquitous and especially high among users of drug products formulated with phthalates. Some phthalates mimic estradiol and may promote breast cancer. Existing epidemiologic studies on this topic are small, mostly not prospective, and have given inconsistent results. We estimated associations between longitudinal phthalate exposures and breast cancer risk in a Danish nationwide cohort, using redeemed prescriptions for phthalate-containing drug products to measure exposure.

METHODS

We ascertained the phthalate content of drugs marketed in Denmark using an internal Danish Medicines Agency ingredient database. We enrolled a Danish nationwide cohort of 1.12 million women at risk for a first cancer diagnosis on January 1, 2005. By combining drug ingredient data with the Danish National Prescription registry, we characterized annual, cumulative phthalate exposure through redeemed prescriptions. We then fit multivariable Cox regression models to estimate associations between phthalate exposures and incident invasive breast carcinoma according to tumor estrogen receptor status.

RESULTS

Over 9.99 million woman-years of follow-up, most phthalate exposures were not associated with breast cancer incidence. High-level dibutyl phthalate exposure (≥ 10,000 cumulative mg) was associated with an approximately two-fold increase in the rate of estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer (hazard ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.5), consistent with in vitro evidence for an estrogenic effect of this compound. Lower levels of dibutyl phthalate exposure were not associated with breast cancer incidence.

CONCLUSION

Our results suggest that women should avoid high-level exposure to dibutyl phthalate, such as through long-term treatment with pharmaceuticals formulated with dibutyl phthalate.
Endometriosis
Authors: Bulun Serdar E , Yilmaz Bahar D , Sison Christia , Miyazaki Kaoru , Bernardi Lia , Liu Shimeng , Kohlmeier Amanda , Yin Ping , Milad Magdy , Wei JianJun
Published: April 2019

Pelvic endometriosis is a complex syndrome characterized by an estrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory process that affects primarily pelvic tissues, including the ovaries. It is caused when shed endometrial tissue travels retrograde into the lower abdominal cavity. Endometriosis is the most common cause of chronic pelvic pain in women and is associated with infertility. The underlying pathologic mechanisms in the intracavitary endometrium and extrauterine endometriotic tissue involve defectively programmed endometrial mesenchymal progenitor/stem cells. Although endometriotic stromal cells, which compose the bulk of endometriotic lesions, do not carry somatic mutations, they demonstrate specific epigenetic abnormalities that alter expression of key transcription factors. For example, GATA-binding factor-6 overexpression transforms an endometrial stromal cell to an endometriotic phenotype, and steroidogenic factor-1 overexpression causes excessive production of estrogen, which drives inflammation via pathologically high levels of estrogen receptor-β. Progesterone receptor deficiency causes progesterone resistance. Populations of endometrial and endometriotic epithelial cells also harbor multiple cancer driver mutations, such as KRAS, which may be associated with the establishment of pelvic endometriosis or ovarian cancer. It is not known how interactions between epigenomically defective stromal cells and the mutated genes in epithelial cells contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Endometriosis-associated pelvic pain is managed by suppression of ovulatory menses and estrogen production, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, and surgical removal of pelvic lesions, and in vitro fertilization is frequently used to overcome infertility. Although novel targeted treatments are becoming available, as endometriosis pathophysiology is better understood, preventive approaches such as long-term ovulation suppression may play a critical role in the future.
What is the best reference state for building statistical potentials in RNA 3D structure evaluation?
Authors: Tan Ya-Lan , Feng Chen-Jie , Jin Lei , Shi Ya-Zhou , Zhang Wenbing , Tan Zhi-Jie
Published: April 2019

Knowledge-based statistical potentials have been shown to be efficient in protein structure evaluation/prediction, and the core difference between various statistical potentials is attributed to the choice of reference states. However, for RNA 3D structure evaluation, a comprehensive examination on reference states is still lacking. In this work, we built six statistical potentials based on six reference states widely used in protein structure evaluation, including averaging, quasi-chemical approximation, atom-shuffled, finite-ideal-gas, spherical-noninteracting, and random-walk-chain reference states, and we examined the six reference states against three RNA test sets including six subsets. Our extensive examinations show that, overall, for identifying native structures and ranking decoy structures, the finite-ideal-gas and random-walk-chain reference states are slightly superior to others, while for identifying near-native structures, there is only a slight difference between these reference states. Our further analyses show that the performance of a statistical potential is apparently dependent on the quality of the training set. Furthermore, we found that the performance of a statistical potential is closely related to the origin of test sets, and for the three realistic test subsets, the six statistical potentials have overall unsatisfactory performance. This work presents a comprehensive examination on the existing reference states and statistical potentials for RNA 3D structure evaluation.
A place to grow: Well-being and activism on Edinburgh’s post-war allotments and how this can inform urban gardening in Scotland today
Authors: Connelly Hannah
Published: April 2019

Between 1945 and 1970, allotments which had been established in Scottish cities during the Second World War were removed by local authorities to build new housing, schools and playing fields. This was a crisis for the plotholders, who had formed communities on the allotments and found gardening to be highly beneficial to their physical and mental health. This article takes an archive-driven approach using the history of post-war allotments as a direct parallel to community gardens in Scottish cities today, which are often praised for their positive outcomes in local communities for health and well-being but are frequently only temporary, established precariously on land earmarked for development. The article argues that for urban gardening to be truly beneficial for health and well-being, permanence is needed to remove the negative stresses of possible closures.
Infusive Discourse: Principles of Organization and Logics of Functioning
Authors: Черников М. , Chernikov M. , Жучков Д. , Zhuchkov D. , Жучкова А. , Zhuchkova A.
Published: April 2019

One of the most serious problems in modern information society is the socalled infusive discourse, when a certain kind of subject indoctrination involved in a relevant discourse is carried out by manipulative means. This article is devoted to the analysis of infusive discourse, its principles of organization and the logics of functioning. Human mentality psychodynamic and cognitive features, that provide conditions for the discourse indoctrination implementation are considered. The general methodology of discourse indoctrination is revealed paying special attention to the manipulative discourse. Most common methods and techniques used to implement such kind of discourse indoctrination are described and conceptually analyzed.
Modern Approaches to the Study of Cultural Stereotypes on the Example of Representation of the Image of Russia in the French Media
Authors: Зарипова Алия , Zaripova Aliya
Published: April 2019

The article deals with the cultural stereotypes concerning Russia’s image abroad, in particular using the case of the French media. Despite the well-established notion of stereotypes as negative images, today the opposite perception of this phenomenon can be seen much more often: some scholars single out these sings as a separate phenomenon and give such “positive stereotypes” the name of “prototypes”. The author examines the evolution of Russia’s image from the perspective of the French printed media. Special attention is devoted to improving tone of references to Russia, which became possible not only due to a realistic immersion into the environment (such as the recently held FIFA World Cup), but also through the contacts of the so called “citizen diplomacy”. The latter type of cross-cultural interaction is crucial to support, given the existing interest on the part of France which is one of the leading EU countries and an important partner for Russia on the international area.
Measuring and Managing the Externality of Managerial Responses to Online Customer Reviews
Authors: Chen Wei , Gu Bin , Ye Qiang , Zhu Kevin Xiaoguo
Published: April 2019

Managerial responses to online customer reviews not only affect customers who receive the responses but may also influence subsequent customers who observe the responses. This externality arises because of the public nature of online interactions. However, prior studies were mainly in offline settings where such externality rarely exists. In this study, we assess the magnitude of such externality. Using a difference-in-difference-in-differences framework and matched hotels across two large travel agencies, we find that managerial responses indeed have a significant and positive impact on the volume of subsequent customer reviews. The impact on the review valence is not evident, which can be attributed to the unique design of identity disclosure in our research context. Furthermore, our results suggest nuances that were not known in the prior literature. For example, responding to positive and negative reviews may have different effects on future reviews, and managers should provide detailed responses to negative reviews but brief ones to positive reviews. Our results offer managerial implications to service providers on how to improve customer engagement in the interconnected online environment.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2018.0781 .