bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of total quality management in improving the organization's performance in light of the Kingdom's 2030 vision: An applied study on the municipality of Heli: دور إدارة الجودة الشاملة في تحسين أداء المنظمة في ظل رؤية المملكة 2030: دراسة تطبيقية على بلدية حلي
Authors: Khalil Maqbool Muhammad Al-Nashiri, Talal Muslat Abdullah Al Khalil Maqbool Muhammad Al-Nashiri, Talal Muslat Abdullah Al
Published: March 2022

TQM (Total Quality Management) is a management philosophy that takes the form of a comprehensive management approach or system, which is based on doing radical positive changes that include improving the level of performance within the organization. In the context of the efforts of various organizations within the Kingdom to keep pace with the transformation of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, this research study comes with the aim of identifying the role of total quality management in improving the organization’s performance in light of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, This was done through an applied study on the municipality of Heli, which is affiliated with the Municipality of Jeddah in the city of Al-Qunfudah, in the Makkah region. The research used the descriptive analytical method in conducting this study, where the questionnaire was used in collecting primary data from the study population, which consisted of employees working in the municipality of Heli, and the study sample amounted to (20) employees, and the data was analyzed using the (SPSS V22) program. Several results have been reached, most notably: the presence of a large approval rate among the members of the study sample regarding the degree of availability of the requirements for the application of total quality management in the municipality of Heli With a relative weight of (75.2%), The research also found that there are medium degree obstacles facing the application of total quality management in the municipality of Heli from the point of view of the study sample members With a relative weight of (59.4%). The research suggested a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: The necessity of working to involve the workers within the Heli municipality leadership in the decision-making process with the leadership. And interest in the existence of a clear organizational structure for the application of total quality management within the municipality of Helli.
Detección de intrusiones basada en modelado de red resistente a evasión por técnicas de imitación
Authors: Maestre-Vidal Jorge , Sotelo-Monge Marco Antonio
Published: March 2022

Los sistemas de red emergentes han traído consigo nuevas amenazas que han sofisticado sus modos de operación con el fin de pasar inadvertidos por los sistemas de seguridad, lo que ha motivado el desarrollo de sistemas de detección de intrusiones más eficaces y capaces de reconocer comportamientos anómalos. A pesar de la efectividad de estos sistemas, la investigación en este campo revela la necesidad de su adaptación constante a los cambios del entorno operativo como el principal desafío a afrontar. Esta adaptación supone mayores dificultades analíticas, en particular cuando se hace frente a amenazas de evasión mediante métodos de imitación. Dichas amenazas intentan ocultar las acciones maliciosas bajo un patrón estadístico que simula el uso normal de la red, por lo que adquieren una mayor probabilidad de evadir los sistemas defensivos. Con el fin de contribuir a su mitigación, este artículo presenta una estrategia de detección de intrusos resistente a imitación construida sobre la base de los sensores PAYL. La propuesta se basa en construir modelos de uso de la red y, a partir de ellos, analizar los contenidos binarios de la carga útil en busca de patrones atípicos que puedan evidenciar contenidos maliciosos. A diferencia de las propuestas anteriores, esta investigación supera el tradicional fortalecimiento mediante la aleatorización, aprovechando la similitud de paquetes sospechosos entre modelos legítimos y de evasión previamente construidos. Su eficacia fue evaluada en las muestras de tráfico DARPA’99 y UCM 2011, en los que se comprobó su efectividad para reconocer ataques de evasión por imitación.
Sistema de monitoreo de calidad de agua en tanques elevados usando sensores IoT
Authors: Ortiz-Bazalar Alejandro Javier
Published: March 2022

A diferencia de otros recursos, el agua no puede ser substituida. Todos los seres vivos del planeta Tierra sobreviven gracias al agua, es así que asegurar la calidad del agua usando controles proactivos es urgente y necesario. Este trabajo muestra una nueva alternativa para el monitoreo de agua potable, aprovechando nuevas tecnologías como: el internet de las cosas y la computación en la nube.
Applying Mathematics and Engineering Techniques to Cyber Security
Authors: Easttom Chuck
Published: March 2022

While there are many approaches to cybersecurity, it is common for those approaches to be somewhat ad hoc or subjective. Cybersecurity needs a rigorous mathematical and engineering approach, which can be applied to address security issues, evaluate security controls, and investigating security breaches. The current paper maps the use of engineering and mathematical tools for cybersecurity purposes.
Modelo de teletratamiento para la atención primaria de pacientes con COVID-19
Authors: Ramos Ramos Pool Jonathan
Published: March 2022

Se propone utilizar un sistema experto que permita predecir si una persona presenta COVID-19 u otra enfermedad respiratoria, a partir de determinados síntomas comunes que determinen qué enfermedad respiratoria padece. Dicho modelo se implementará en una aplicación móvil; de esta manera, el paciente podrá registrarse, llenar un formulario y obtener un diagnóstico, el cual será evaluado por un médico para que determine un tratamiento adecuado.
Modelo predictivo basado en machine learning para la estimación de vulnerabilidades de riesgo de inundación y deslizamiento. Caso de estudio: instituciones educativas del Perú
Authors: López Vega John Wilson , Torres Lázaro Juan Carlos , Herrera Quispe José
Published: March 2022

El fenómeno de El Niño es un evento natural que sucede cada año en el territorio peruano, este trae consigo problemas como las lluvias torrenciales que provocan inundaciones. En el territorio peruano muchas instituciones educativas son construidas sin formar parte de un estudio de suelos o vulnerabilidades como las inundaciones o deslizamientos, debido, quizás, al coste de este estudio ya que se tienen que respetar normas técnicas gubernamentales exigidas para la construcción de una entidad educativa. En vista de ello, en el presente trabajo los autores proponen un modelo predictivo basado en machine learning para la estimación de vulnerabilidades a partir de los datos de la zona de una institución pública. A través de esta herramienta se ha entrenado el modelo usando diversos algoritmos y datos de un dataset con más de 65 000 registros publicados por el Ministerio de Educación del Perú.
Numerical integration on higher dimensional simplicial and curved finite elements
Authors: Sergey Korotov  , Michal Křížek
Published: March 2022

We present a formula which evaluates lower degree monomials over higher dimensional simplices by means of integration of higher degree monomials over an interval, triangle or tetrahedron. Further, we show how to apply some higher order quadrature formulae on curved elements using a one-to-one mapping from the reference simplicial element to a curved element.Finally, we demonstrate that the non-zero Jacobian does not imply that this mapping is one-to-one.
Moda hippie & a prática “faça você mesmo”
Authors: França Maureen Schaefer , Santos Marinês Ribeiro dos
Published: March 2022

A Pop foi a primeira revista dirigida especificamente para a juventude brasileira, tendo circulado entre 1972 e 1979 pela editora Abril em plena ditadura civil-militar. A publicação dialogou com transformações comportamentais impulsionadas pela contracultura e por alguns movimentos sociais para moldar uma representação de juventude “transada” na tentativa de atrair garotos e garotas, sobretudo, das camadas médias brancas, atuando como um referencial na construção das identidades juvenis. E como os corpos não possuem fronteiras fixas nem imutáveis, são produzidos socialmente nem interação com o mundo, não existindo, portanto, os que não apelem para as tecnologias, entre elas, a moda. Sendo assim, temos como objetivo analisar, sob a ótica de gênero, como a prática “faça você mesmo”, atrelada à moda hippie na revista Pop, ampliou e/ou reiterou os limites para a construção dos corpos. Para isso, recorremos especialmente aos Estudos de Gênero, aos Estudos Culturais e à História da Moda. As análises indicam que os modismos ampliaram esses limites, embora a Pop tenha acionado referências associadas a modelos tradicionais de feminilidades e de masculinidades.
Physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition and FTIR Spectra of Gabus
(Channa striata) fish oil
Authors: Syifa F. , Hidayah N. , Lukitaningsih E. , Irnawati  , Rohman A.
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to characterize Gabus fish oil (GFO) with the scientific name of Channa
striata through the determination of physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition,
and FTIR spectra. Gabus fishes was obtained from Palagan (Central Java) and Bantul
(Yogyakarta). Physicochemical properties of GFOs from Palagan and Bantul revealed
acid values of 5.93±0.19 mg KOH/g and 2.39±0.05 mg KOH/g, saponification value of
163.39±1.96 mg KOH/g, 176.82±2.98 mg KOH/g, iodine value of 109.76±1.23 g I2/100 g,
94.21±0.16 g I2/100 g, peroxide value of 4.04±0.15 meq O2/kg and 4.03±0.59 meq O2/kg.
Both oils showed significant differences in terms of physicochemical properties (P<0.05)
except peroxide value having no significant difference (P>0.05). Fatty acid composition of
GFO as determined by gas chromatography revealed that GFO contains a higher amount
of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and palmitoleic acid. Besides, GFO
contains arachidonic acid which is act as a precursor for prostaglandin synthesis. FTIR
spectrum of GFO is unique in terms of exact wavenumbers and peak intensities which
supported that FTIR spectra are fingerprints that can be used for the characterization of
edible fish oils
The Issue of Compatibility Between Philosophy and Religion from Ibn-Rusheds Perspective
Authors: Muhamad Muslim Hassan , Abbas Batool Ridha , Hamad Kaifi Abubaker
Published: March 2022

It is true that, from the beginning, philosophy and religion were two separate areas and subjects; each of which interacted with contemporary problems and issues in its own way and worldview. If they were not compatible then, they did not oppose each other. In other words, the connection between religion and philosophy did not become a problem from the beginning. This was because each of them independently worked on their own issues and problems by themselves. However, with the advent of Islam and its opening up to the outside world, it came into conflict with the thinking and philosophy of other nations in the region, especially with Greek thought and philosophy; this also became an important issue and a clear problem for Islamic scholars and philosophers and divided them into two separate factions. One of them was completely hostile to philosophy and rejected any compromise and interaction between Islam and Greek philosophy, considering only religion as the main source of science and knowledge, and outside of religion, they did not accept anything. 
 
       However, the other faction, most of whom were Islamic philosophers, advocated a compromise between religion and philosophy, seeking to create a kind of compromise and coexistence between them, and to show the fact that there is no incompatibility or opposition between the two. Within this context Ibn Rushd had a clear and important role in this regard. He made great efforts to make everyone aware of the fact that philosophy and religion do not have any incompatibility and conflict between them, and they are able to exist or occur together. To this end, he resorted to a set of important rules such as rational and narrative arguments in order to be able to tell all opponents that they have made a mistake in rejecting and opposing philosophy. He also showed everyone through these rules that philosophy and religion are friends and compatible with each other, that is, philosophy and religion are complementary to each other and they are inherently friends and internally have the same soul.
The Source of the Sunnah of the Prophet in Surat Al-Ahzab
Authors: Rasheed Saman Sadiq , Hamad Zakaria Abdurrahman
Published: March 2022

It appeared from time to time some people make the Holy Qur’an the only source for enacting rulings;  They intend by this to strip the Prophetic Sunnah from its source and authenticity, and they base their claim in that on suspicions that make people believe that the Qur’an is the one who ordered us to make it the only source of legislation.  It contains the provisions in total, and the Prophetic Sunnah is the one that took care of clarifying its details, and explaining its summaries.  And in the Qur’an itself there are many verses that prove that the Sunnah is one of the sources of legislation. Among these verses are verses in Surat Al-Ahzab.
Asociologiacl Perspetive to Culture
Authors: Dzaye Aram Ibrahim Hussen
Published: March 2022

At the beginning, culture means the way of life is the way of thinking and how to express the dislocation, emotions, and any community that does only every family It has its own culture to deal with the life parties, and a social reading for culture will be seen from this point of view Today's era of cultural development and cultural change through media channels and globalization campaigns will change very quickly in a way that is mixed It happens that there is a lot of problems between accepting and rejecting it, this was one of the reasons for the preparation of this subject because of its coming The large number of refugees from the middle and lower parts of Iraq, as well as western Kurdistan, have flowed into Kurdistan, causing cultural disintegration and cultural development, as each region has its own culture.

       This research was a part of some basque syllables about the first weapon and the characteristics of cultural developments, the second subject of The Culture of Culture, the change, the delay and transfer of the culture of the third The work of the capital in the culture of the community, the fourth story of the speech of the language of the culture on a book of the fifth style of the coultoro against The first of these is the "Saeed Ibn Al-Saeedi" (the son of The Prophet) and the coultore mechanics of the world and the more intelligent knowledge.
Moderately hazardous microelements in the soils of saline agrolandscapes of the Baraba plain
Authors: Semendyaeva N. V. , Morozova A. A. , Elizarov N. V.
Published: March 2022

When developing adaptive-landscape farming systems, special attention is paid to the study of the ecological, toxicological and sanitary-hygienic state of the territory used. This is especially important for saline agro-landscapes, which are widespread in the Barabinskaya plain (Baraba). The studies were conducted in the northeastern part of the Baraba within the Novosibirsk Region. The soils of the eluvial (meadow-chernozem), transit (chernozem-meadow), and accumulative (deep solonetz) zones of the catena were studied. The soils differed in physicochemical properties and microelement composition. In the soil profile from the eluvial to accumulative zone, alkalinity increased, humus content decreased, and the granulometric composition changed. These indicators affect the microelement composition. The content of moderately hazardous trace elements (hazard class 2): chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and molybdenum (Mo) were determined. It was found that the maximum content of total chromium falls on the profile of meadow-chernozem soil in the eluvial position. In the arable horizon there is less than 0.00001 mg/kg of mobile chromium, which does not fall within the detection range of the device. Some movement of mobile forms of chromium from the eluvial to accumulative position was noted. The maximum content of total nickel and cobalt was found in the profile of meadowchernozem soil, but it is in amounts well below the LOC. The total content of nickel and cobalt varies insignificantly across the soil profile, indicating their low mobility. The total content of Mo in soils is within the clarke range and is approximately the same over the entire depth. It was found that the content of moderately hazardous trace elements of nickel and cobalt in the soils of saline agro-landscapes of Baraba by catena is below the LOC and cannot be a hazard from the ecological-toxicological point of view. The content of total chromium and molybdenum is on the verge of the LOC and therefore, in certain cases, tension in the ecological and toxicological situation of the territory may arise. This should be taken into account in the agricultural use of saline agrolandscapes.
The profile of amphetamine users in a substance abuse treatment center in Mexico
Authors: Thomas Murillo Jorge De , Bueno-Antonio Richard , Calderón-Garcidueñas Ana Laura , García Franco Cristina , Ruiz-Ramos Rubén , Sáenz Álvarez José Carlos , Alor-Aguilar Karina , Baeza-Pérez Pedro Guy , Romero-Becerra Wendy Elena , Villarreal-Ríos Enrique
Published: March 2022

Introduction: in Mexico, amphetamine use is a public health problem. Objective: to describe the profile of consumers of amphetamines. Method: it was retrospective and cross-sectional study. The medical records of those admitted to the state Cúspide substance abuse treatment center, during the period 2016-2018, were reviewed. Results: 112 patients (89 men, 23 women) were analyzed. The profile included a patient with high school (40.2%), coming from an unstructured (67.9%) and dysfunctional family (93.8%) with poor parental affective relationship, alcoholism in the family nucleus (55.3%), early onset of sexual activity, alcohol and tobacco consumption; impulsive personality, suicide attempts (35.7%), and injuries to third parties and theft (73.2%). Discussion and conclusions: amphetamine use and rising prevalence behavior are a reality; the problem goes beyond the field of health and becomes a social problem that potentially involves the entire population to a greater or lesser extent. Knowing the epidemiological profile of the amphetamine consumer is a reference for implementing health policies and establishing preventive and therapeutic measures in order to solve the problem.
خطر عدم الأمن القانوني وضرورة تفعيل الدور التشريعي – دراسة تحليلية مقارنة
Authors: داود إبراهيم عبد العزيز
Published: March 2022

إذا كان خطر عدم الأمن القانوني يكمن فيما يرتبه القانون من آثار سلبية على عناصر الأمن القانوني للأفراد، وخاصةً من حيث توقعاتهم المشروعة، ودرجة وضوح القانون وفهمهم له، وثبات مراكزهم القانونية، فإن أمن القانون يتأثر سلبًا بسبب سلوكيات الأفراد وأنشطتهم التي تفقد القانون سيطرته على الواقع. وبطبيعة الحال، اختلفت الرؤى في تناول هذه العلاقة بين من ينادي بتغليب الأمن القانوني الفردي، وهو الاتجاه المسمى بالرؤية الشخصية، وبين من ينادي بتفعيل أمن القانون وفاعليته، وهو الاتجاه المسمى بالرؤية الموضوعية. والسؤال الذي يطرح نفسه؛ ما هي الرؤية التشريعية الواجب اتباعها؟ لما كان مقياس العدل في كل شيء توازنه، فإن طموح هذا البحث هو تحقيق التوازن بين أمن القانون وأمن الفرد، الأمر الذي يقتضي تناول الموضوع من خلال دراسة تحليلية مقارنة، لا تقتصر فوائدها على المسائل والقضايا الجزئية فقط؛ بل تسعى إلى تكوين رؤية عامة متوازنة. ولقد أثبتت الدراسة أن الرؤية الشخصية تنغلق على نفسها، وتؤدي إلى تفاقم خطر عدم أمن النظام القانوني، بعكس الرؤية الموضوعية التي يمكن تحقيق التوازن من خلالها، في ضوء بعض التوصيات، ومنها؛ ضرورة الاهتمام بالتشريعات الحمائية للأفراد، وإبراز عناصر الأمن القانوني من خلالها، وعدم الإسراف في القواعد التنظيمية، إضافة إلى تفعيل الدور الوقائي للمسؤولية المدنية.
THE ROLE OF HEALTH PROTOCOL ON THE HYPERMART CONSUMERS’ PURCHASE DECISIONS IN PEKANBARU: A GENDER PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Ibhar,S.Pd.,M.Ed Muhalida Zia , Feldiko Ibhar Frinov
Published: March 2022

One of the Covid-19 pandemic impacts in Indonesia is changing consumer behavior in making purchasing decisions. In this study, to see involves that occur according to gender in making purchasing decisions after implementing health protocols. The company's implementation of health protocols is a consideration for customers in choosing where they shop. Therefore, this study aimed to see the effect of health protocols on customer purchasing decisions from a gender perspective and conducted this research at Hypermart Pekanbaru. This study took a sample of 400 active customers. This research uses the purposive sampling method, and SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) analysis was used in this study. The results showed that female consumers agreed more with the implementation of the health protocol and had a higher average score than male consumers. Furthermore, this finding revealed a significant effect on implementing suitable health protocols on consumer purchasing decisions. The implementation of health protocols carried out by Hypermart can consistently improve consumer purchasing decisions. Thus, companies must view this health protocol as necessary for consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic, even though the costs incurred tend to be expensive.
Implementation of an guided inquiry learning model in the reaction rate theory to improve the student creative thinking skills
Authors: Delawanti Nirmala , Lutfi Achmad
Published: March 2022

This study aims to analyze the implementation of guided inquiry learning, student activities, students' creative thinking skills, and student responses after the guided inquiry model implementation on the reaction rate theory. The investigation uses a quantitative descriptive method with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The data collection method used the observation method, and the tests were tested using the normality test, Paired Sample T-Test, and n-gain. The subjects of this study were the eleventh-grade student at SMAN 7 Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. It shows that guided inquiry learning to improve creative thinking skills has been carried out well. Students use 16% of the time at meeting 1 and 15% at meeting 2 to practice fluency. 23% and 26% at meetings 1 and 2 to practice flexibility, and 11% of meeting time 1 and 8% of meeting 2 is used to practice elaboration. The students' creative thinking skills increased from before and after applying guided inquiry. There were 8 students categorized as quite creative and 24 others less creative before the learning was carried out. After learning, as many as 11 students were categorized as creative, and 21 others were very creative.
Planos de retomada econômica nos estados nordestinos brasileiros: uma análise documental dos decretos e os planos de retomadas frente a pandemia da Covid-19.
Authors: CORDEIRO LUCIANA LAURA GUSMÃO , Cavalcante Maria Francimaria , OLIVEIRA BIANCA VITÓRIA FRANÇA DE
Published: March 2022

O mundo passa atualmente por uma situação delicada. A Humanidade está sob ataque de um vírus novo e potente, altamente contagioso, cientificamente denominado SARS-CoV-2, também conhecido como COVID-19
Tübitak 2237-A Evaluation of Statistical Modeling Methods and Applications Training in Natural Sciences
Authors: GAMZEOZL@GMAİL.COM Gamzeozl@gmail.com , TÜRKAN Semra , ÜNAL Ceren
Published: March 2022

Today, the complexity of raw data and information traffic as a result of technological and scientific developments has made the analysis and interpretation of data even more important. Therefore, statistical methods and tools are needed more in curricula. Classical methods such as multiple and logistic regression analysis are generally used in modeling the suitability of target species to the habitat, productivity/species diversity in ecological studies, and natural events such as earthquakes, landslides, and floods in geological studies. However, especially in recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the use of rule-based, empirical, and probabilistic-based methods in studies in natural sciences. In this study, the benefits of statistical modeling techniques and software in natural sciences and the benefits of the "Statistical Modeling Techniques and Applications in Natural Sciences" project carried out within the scope of TÜBİTAK BIDEB 2237-A Scientific Education Activities Support Program are emphasized.
The sample of the research consists of 90 graduate students enrolled in graduate programs participating in the activities. Within the scope of the project, activities in which the application examples of statistics in natural sciences were transferred with statistical software were carried out. Activity evaluation forms created by the project researchers were used to measure the impact of these activities on the participating students. It was observed that the transfer of statistical modeling analyzes and application examples from R and Python-based natural sciences in the project affected the participants positively and increased their desire for learning and research.
Tillage, sole and intercrop systems and soil amendment influence on sorghum grain and stover nutrient levels
Authors: Palé S  , Mason SC  , Taonda SJ-B  , Sermé I  , Sohoro A
Published: March 2022

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) is a major grain crop in Burkina Faso. A three-year experiment was conducted in the Sudanian zone to determine the combined effects of tillage methods (T) and cropping systems with different soil amendments (CS/SA) on plant nutrient concentrations and related this to human and cattle nutrient requirements. The analysis of variance indicated that tillage, soil amendment nor cropping system affected the stover nutrient concentration of grain sorghum. Nitrogen, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations in grain were all influenced by the Y x T interaction largely due to increased nutrient concentrations for no-till in 2012 and tied ridges in 2013. As grain yield increased, grain N, Ca, Mg and Mn concentrations decreased while P and Zn increased. Grain N, P, Mg, S, Fe and Zn concentrations met human nutritional requirements, while K, Ca, Mn and Cu were deficient and merited supplementation. Nutrient gross means indicated that cattle nutrient requirements were met for N, P, Mg, Fe and Zn, but low for K, Ca, S, Mn and Cu. Tillage, CS/SA and Y had no or small effects on the nutrient concentrations of sorghum grain and stover. The agroecological zones in 2012 and 2013 indicated most nutrients to be adequate for human and cattle diets, but not for K, Ca, Mn and Cu.
Evaluation of bacteriological and chemical quality of drinking water used in chicken house in Libya
Authors: Ahmed Shaban Kassem Agha  , Alarbi Abdulmajed Belgasim  , Mohamed Ahmed Nwegi  , Ahmed Abdulmajed Khashkhosha  , Hanin Salah Milad  , Huda Abdalla Alghzewi  , Kamila Mohamed Salem  , Khalid Mohammed Naffati
Published: March 2022

Water is a vital nutrient in poultry metabolism, which plays an important role in digestion, absorption of food, transportation of nutrients in the body and elimination of waste products via urine. The objective of this study was to investigate the physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters of water samples were collected from 35 broiler farms distributed in four districts (Qasar Bin Gheshir, Wadiarrabee, Zawia, and Zahra). In each farm, the samples were collected from the water source, the tank inside of chicken house and end of pipes. The samples were subjected to physical, chemical and microbial examination. The main investigated parameters were PH, total dissolved solid, Total Hardness, Calcium, Chloride, Nitrate, and total viable count of microbial load. Chemical analysis indicated that all chemical and physical parameters were higher than Maximum acceptable level, except TDS and magnesium in Qasr ben Gheshir and Wadi Al-Rabia regions, as well as PH in all regions. The bacteriological examination revealed that the coliform counts were 91% over the maximum acceptable level in all regions. Also, the results showed that significant difference between reservoir, tank and pipe with p value (<0.05) where the coliforms contamination in the pipe was more than in the tank and the reservoir. The results also showed that 50% of the samples were contamination with E. coli. Generally, the water collected from the different sources need more treatment to improve the drinking water quality especially for their microbial load.
Review of human anatomy applications and assessment of biomaterials
Authors: David P Tokpah  , Doga Kavaz  , Victor H Sumo  , Preye David Tantua  , Ismaila Ceesay
Published: March 2022

Biomaterial development is a field of study that has been around for more than 50 years. Biomaterial science is the study of biomaterials. Over time, it has become more and more popular as a scientific field. Many companies are spending a lot of money to make new products, and this has made it more popular. Biomaterials are widely used in most of the sciences for implants and must have certain properties of improving the life quality of the host. There are four classes, (composites, metals, ceramics and polymers) which are used singly or in combination, to make up the majority of implantation devices on the market today. Henceforth, researchers can cite and reference our work in feature if they find it useful.
The impact of philosophy on contemporary bioengineering
Authors: David P Tokpah  , Nusret Sinan Evcan  , Doga Kavaz  , Victor H Sumo  , William Tokpah  , Ismaila Ceesay  , Ovia Osahon  , Preye David Tantua
Published: March 2022

This review assesses modern bioengineering philosophical foundations to exhume modern bioengineering's rational framework. Both the physical and biological sciences require engineering as the ultimate mechanism for transforming knowledge into practice. Engineering's emerging biosciences has acknowledged addressing major issues in environmental ecology and human health. Scientists and engineers should be familiar with the technology in order to fully realize the potential of modern bioengineering and lay a solid foundation for green technology. Bioengineering philosophy teaches scientists the broad principles of scientific study and identifies the endeavor's intrinsic goals "how" questions of the physical world and normative "why" issues of values. Not only must scientists and bioengineers be motivated, but they must also be educated about their ethical and societal duties, which necessitate an interdisciplinary approach. We examined the mechanical approach of physical sciences, the functional approach of biological processes, and the integrated method after establishing the bioengineering conceptual framework. In addition, the review examined a variety of bioscience disciplines. It has concluded that an interdisciplinary approach is essential for unlocking the potential of bioengineering and laying the foundation for green technology based on moral values. Bioengineering research and education must acquire both epistemological and normative knowledge in order to achieve such a noble goal. The first is critical for new ideas and inventions, while the second helps bioengineers understand their ethical and moral obligations.
Regional and Global Scale Challenges for Controlling Arsenic Contamination in Agricultural Soil, Water Supplies, Foods and Ayurvedic Medicines
Authors:   ELTE – Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Budapest, Hungary, Mihucz Victor
Published: March 2022

Arsenic is naturally present at high concentration levels in aquifers adversely affecting the life of some 200 million people in a number of countries on four continents. Human exposure to As from dietary sources such as marine fish, seafood, poultry, cereals is generally much lower compared to exposure through drinking contaminated water, using contaminated water in food preparation and irrigation of crops. Arsenic toxicity depends on its four valences [As(-III), As0, As(III) and As(V)] and chemical compounds. Thus, in seafood, As is mainly found in its less toxic organic forms. The qualitative and quantitative determinations of individual As species are crucial to understand the environmental fate and behavior of As. The aim of the present review is to give a brief overview on the main As speciation methods and to present how to control As contamination at local and global scales in several environmental (soil, waters) and biological (crops, basic and processed food) samples, as well as complementary and alternative medicinal products marketed as food supplements. In terms of chromatographic separation, emphasis is placed on separation by thin layer chromatography and solid phase extraction. Some approaches to address As contamination (e.g., stabilization in soil, provision of a safe water supply in affected communities) at global and regional scales are also presented.
FLOODS IN WESTERN SIBERIA IN THE CONTEXT OF NATURAL AND ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP (18TH — EARLY 20TH CENTURY)
Authors:   Tyumen State University, Turov Sergei V.
Published: March 2022

In terms of scale and devastating consequences, floods are the most dangerous thing among natural disasters. The article is an attempt to assess their impact on the settlements and economic development in the Ob-Irtysh river system within the West Siberian region in the 18th — early 20th centuries. Floods which had high waters were associated with spring floods, but the water could not subside until the fall or even before the ice break. There were also catastrophic ones with a very high level. In addition, some complications such as long high-water cycles accrued at the time when the level and frequency of flooding increased. During severe and catastrophic floods settlements and agricultural land were flooded, livestock died, houses and outbuildings were destroyed or rendered unusable, and communication routes were interrupted for a long time. In the north of the region (Lower Ob region) during catastrophic floods, fishing trade was almost stopped and the opportunities for cattle breeding in the flooded floodplain were sharply reduced. Floodplain agriculture fell into decay during high-water cycles in the southern boreal forest area. The population of coastal areas tried to protect themselves from flooding with storage dams, but they were not built everywhere and often could not withstand the pressure of water. The only effective means of flood defense was relocation to high river banks. Therefore, the floods in 1912 and 1914 years provoked the relocation of the Irtysh River low-cost residents of the Tobolsk province. The authorities facilitated this relocation. Assistance was provided to flood victims, even though not so often. In these conditions, the population often had to rely only on themselves and God’s help. Thus, for example, in the city of Berezov the cult of St. Epiphanius was formed. On his Memorial Day people asked the higher forces for help in eliminating the consequences of the flood. But the most effective tool in combating floods was folk natural science knowledge. Over the long history of life on the river, the Russian population has developed omens, which helped them to judge the level of the upcoming flood. Among the enlightened part of the local population, there were ideas about the cyclical nature of catastrophic floods.
ADAPTATION OF THE STOLYPIN REFORMS SETTLERS IN THE ALTAI OKRUG (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE 1917 ALL-RUSSIAN AGRICULTURAL CENSUS)
Authors:   Altai State University, Razgon Viktor N.
Published: March 2022

Based on the analysis of the database compiled of information extracted from the household questionnaires of the 1917 All-Russian agricultural census, the article addresses the problem of the use of economic experience accumulated in the former places of residence by migrants who arrived in the Altai okrug during the implementation of the Stolypin reforms from different regions of the European part of the country. It is established that previous economic experience determined the choice of land use forms by immigrants (communal or farmstead-hereditary). The greatest success in farming in the Altai region was demonstrated by migrants from Novorossiya, who had experience in cultivating relatively larger plots of land than in other areas of European Russia, and migrants from regions with the spread of crafts (non-chernozem provinces, the Urals) and areas with livestock specialization (the Baltic region) had crops of the smallest size. Migrants from Novorossiya — the region that was the country’s leader in the import of agricultural equipment and machinery — surpassed migrants from other regions in the use of improved agricultural equipment. The highest indicators in numbers of cows per farm and the level of concentration of dairy cattle in large farms were recorded during the census among migrants from the Baltic and Western provinces — the most developed areas of commercial cattle breeding in the country. The previous economic experience largely determined the degree of involvement of migrants in handicrafts in the Altai okrug and their specialization as well.
CONTRACTS WITH FOREIGNERS IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE 19TH CENTURY RUSSIA: DEVELOPMENT OF CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS AND EVOLUTION OF LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of the RAS, Ermakova Olga K.
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to a qualitatively new stage in the development of contractual relations between the Russian state and private individuals — foreigners, the transition to which became obvious in the era of Alexander I. On the basis of deep source analysis founded on the methods of diplomatics, the author demonstrates that in the first quarter of the 19th century the perception of a contract by representatives of power structures (even if the state did not act as a counterparty) was characterized by an awareness of the need for strict compliance with the conditions, the inadmissibility of violation, as well as the recognition of the dominant role of the contract over specific circumstances (including those that made the further execution of the contract meaningless for the treasury). As an illustration, the author selected agreements with mining engineers and administrators invited to the Ural factories in the early 19th century. For comparison, the paper analyzes not only government contracts, but also private-law acts of employment concluded by a German-born entrepreneur Andreas Knauf with other foreigners hired by him during the management of the Zlatoust plants on a leasehold basis. It is concluded that in the epoch under study, the contract could no longer be considered as a kind of “fiction” (V. Zhivov’s expression), which it really was in many ways during the reign of Peter I, when it just entered into mass use due to the active attraction of foreigners to Russia. The strengthening of the legal force of contracts provided hired foreign specialists at the beginning of the 19th century with a fairly stable legal status, and the evolution of the government’s attitude to contractual obligations indicated the convergence of Russian and Western legal cultures.
LEGAL REGULATORS OF COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA (SUMMER 1918 — AUTUMN 1922)
Authors:   Institute of History, Siberian Branch of the RAS, Rynkov Vadim M. ,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: March 2022

The article deals with the legal mechanisms of business regulation in the Urals, Siberia and the Far East under anti-Bolshevist governments. The author considers the political and economic context of the Civil War events in the east of Russia. The governments’ policy of restoring the rights of owners and the relative freedom of entrepreneurship, the presence of a network of commercial and industrial organizations, and the presence of a large number of lawyers in the supreme and central governing bodies of the anti-Bolshevist governments became the most important prerequisites for strengthening the role of legal regulators of business activity. In the east of Russia, legal grounds were developed for the continuation of the work of commercial and industrial institutions that had lost contact with their legal owners or parent institutions. The government expended and prolonged powers, replacing the principal and creating a temporary entity with the rights to enter into transactions on behalf of the owner, including the acceptance of financial obligations. The demands of the authorities for the full payment of debts by the owners, including the period when they did not manage their enterprises under the Soviet regime, were perceived as an injustice and an obstacle to the revival of industry, as well as the desire not to subsidize the restoration of production activities, but to credit on commercial terms. But the Civil War forced the authorities to restrict the rights of owners and their representatives to freely dispose of their property. It is crucially important that such restrictions were reversible, and could be lifted after emergency circumstances. The article also presents cases when anti-Bolshevist governments carried out the nationalization of the property of private and cooperative enterprises, and analyzes the reasons for such decisions.
WAGE DIFFERENTIATION OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS AT THE END OF THE NEP: BETWEEN “EQUALIZATION” AND LABOR INCENTIVES
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Borodkin Leonid I.
Published: March 2022

The task of regulating the wages of industrial workers during the NEP years was one of the priorities of Soviet social policy. Wages at state-owned enterprises during the NEP years was regulated by the state, which was supposed, on the one hand, to implement the new principles of social policy (a course towards equalizing wages), and on the other hand, to ensure production efficiency. The main tools for regulating wages were the tariff scale and the conditions of collective agreements. The article characterizes the policy pursued by the state in the area of wages of industrial workers during the NEP years and the practice of its implementation, as well as the reaction of workers to the ongoing processes of regulating the differentiation of their wages among both skilled and unskilled workers. It is shown that consistent alignment (leveling) of workers’ salaries could not be achieved. The workers’ attitude to the policy pursued in this area is analyzed on the basis of declassified materials from a multi-volume publication of documents — information reviews and summaries of the OGPU. The author identifies various forms of protest and dissatisfaction of workers on the basis of wage regulation, which manifested themselves in different groups of workers, in different regions of the country, at enterprises of various industries and had different reasons. The most characteristic ones were the conflict situations generated by the course of equalizing wages, which meant a decrease in labor motivation for skilled workers and caused their dissatisfaction.
SECULAR TRENDS OF INCOME INEQUALITY IN RUSSIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STATISTICAL DYNAMICS
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Didenko Dmitry V.
Published: March 2022

The article classifies and appraises the long time series on income inequality in Russia/USSR developed over the past 25 years. It discusses various issues of the source studies and methodological problems that arise in the process of constructing such series and their interpretation. Trends in dynamics of income inequality identified in the works under review, are compared with other findings from topical research literature. In particular, the author argues as overestimations the values of indicators of income and wealth inequality in pre-revolutionary and post-Soviet Russia proposed in the study by T. Piketty and his disciples F. Novokmet and G. Zucman. Their values of income inequality during the Soviet period are questioned as underestimated. At the same time, our evidence supports their findings as regards comparability of inequality level in recent times and at the beginning of the 20th century, that is adequate for institutional environment of a market economy at the stage of early industrial modernization. The paper argues extensions of the long time series by recent values and revision of selected estimates from the works by D. Didenko and his coauthors. In one case, what is at issue is the series of “white- vs blue-collar workers in industry” wage differential per 1 year of education in organized forms. The indicator is considered as a proxy for income inequality based on human capital theory and supported by relatively reliable statistical evidence for the period from 1913 to 2019. In another case, the author proposes wage inequality series for the period 1968–2019 by linking the corrected estimates from research literature on the late USSR and the data from Rosstat. The former group is revised upwards thus capturing the effects of nonmonetary privileged benefits of the elite. Some promising lines in future developments of long time series on the topic are indicated.
THE TOBOLSK BISHOP’S HOUSE AS THE ACTOR OF THE COLONIZATION OF SIBERIA IN THE 17TH CENTURY
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Вranch of the RAS, Mankova Irina L.
Published: March 2022

In the course of the development of Siberia the Russians created an authentic “living space” on the colonized lands, relying on their religious traditions and practices. The article shows the role of the Tobolsk bishop’s house in the formation of the socio-cultural environment in the territory under development in accordance with the norms of the Christian way of life. The “bishop’s house” is understood as a regional institution of the Russian Orthodox Church, which organized and controlled the spiritual sphere of the life of the local society. The Siberian diocese was created in 1620. The bishops used the centuries-old experience of the Russian Orthodox Church and, at the same time, responded to specific “challenges”. These “challenges” were associated with the huge scale of the controlled territory and its considerable remoteness from the center, the lack of priests and their doubtful moral appearance, peculiarities of the sex composition of the first Russian settlers, disagreements with secular administrations on the issue of power-sharing. The main concern of the 17th century Siberian bishops was the maintenance of the moral state of society, regularization of the church sphere, as well as anxiety about the population of Siberia, including the indigenous people. During the 17th century a system of the diocesan administration was created. The regional features of this system were expressed in the variety of principles for the division on the tithe districts and the replacement rates of secular decals by spiritual customers (representatives of the white and black priests). The church court of the law, organized by the Tobolsk bishop’s house, was an important tool for curbing “disorder” both among the clergy and in the secular community. The Orthodox landscape was formed on the territory under its jurisdiction to satisfy the spiritual needs of the local society. By the end of the 17th century, there were about 225 churches in the diocese, including monasteries. Most of them were located in Western Siberia, which was the most developed part of the diocese and closest to its center. The problem of providing parishes with priests was solved, and widely revered regional shrines appeared. The christianization of the indigenous population was carried out mainly by the forces of the monasteries. Using various forms of the influence on the society, the Tobolsk bishop’s house exerted a great influence on the religious and moral condition of the local society and became one of the leading actors in the colonization process.