bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of competition and development of markets in an age of globalized economy
Authors: Kërçuku Dr.Sc. Skender
Published: August 2016

The fall of communism in Eastern Europe in the beginning of the 90-ies of the 20th century marked the beginning of a historical process of triumph of market economy in a wide geographical area and a large population, which had to have an influence on global developments. This age is characterized not only by a comprehensive ruling of capitalist market economy, but also by a series of important structural changes in economies of various countries, national and international mechanisms of market functioning, and relevant institutions thereto. Distinct authors have various opinions on characteristics and positive and negative outcomes of a globalized economy era. Some consider the globalization of world economy as a quantitative and qualitative expansion of market economy throughout the world, similar to the situation before the World War I. Other more serious authors consider the globalization of world economy as a new qualitative era, with important consequences on many areas.
Public relations as promotional activity
Authors: Curri-Mehmeti Dr.Sc. Almira
Published: August 2016

Public relations give opportunity to the organization to present its image and personality to its own “public”- users, supporters, sponsors, donors, local community and other public.It is about transferring the message to the public, but that is a two-way street. You must communicate with your public, but at the same time you must give opportunity to the public to communicate easier with you. The real public relations include dialog – you should listen to the others, to see things through their perspective. This elaborate is made with the purpose to be useful for every organization, not for the sensa-tional promotion of its achievements, but to become more critical towards its work. Seeing the organization in the way that the other see it, you can become better and sure that you are giving to your users the best service possible.
Diversity Measures
Authors: Ademaj MSc. Mentor
Published: August 2016

Diversity measures are a type of non-criminal measures foreseen in the Chapter IV of the Code of Juvenile Justice, which may be imposed on juvenile perpetrators of criminal acts.These measures can be applied in cases of minor offenses, for which is foreseen the criminal sanction with a fine or imprisonment up to three years or for criminal offenses committed by negligence for which is foreseen the sentence up to five years of imprisonment, except those cases that result in death.With the imposition of these measures is intended to prevent criminal proceedings against juveniles whenever is possible, rehabilitation and reintegration of juvenile in his/her community and the prevention of recidivist behaviour.Competent authority to impose them is the public prosecutor, the juvenile judge and juvenile court. And they are executed by the Kosovo Correctional Service.
Smuggling of migrants in Kosovo
Authors: Hajdari MSc. Albulena
Published: August 2016

Smuggling of migrants, as a serious type of criminality, takes an important place in legal science and criminal legislation. This is due to the fact that actions creating the image of these criminal offences also cause numerous individual, family and societal consequences. Smuggling migrants, with all its consequences, attracts the attention not only of the state authorities, but also the wider public, and numerous researchers and scholars. Nevertheless, despite this fact, this phenomenon has not been studied thoroughly. There is a dire lack of such research in recent years, specifically because of the presence of such crimes in a relatively higher number. This circumstance, specifically the fact that in Kosovo, smuggling migrants is a frequent occurrence, made me engage in studying this type of criminality.The aim of this paper is to research on criminal offences of migrant smuggling in Kosovo, and especially their causes. The causes of these criminal offences may be of numerous natures, but the main causes may be sought in social and economic circumstances, and other conditions related to the unstable political setting, weaknesses in operations of justice authorities, lack of implementation of criminal legislation, etc.In researching the criminal offences of smuggling migrants, I have used the method of historical materialism, legal-dogmatic method, statistical method, complaint method and interviews, and the method of studying individual cases.In the case of addressing criminal offences of smuggling migrants, I have concluded that these offences represent a serious type of crime, thereby resulting in dire individual, family and societal consequences. They are found in all modern societies, including Kosovo.
Native American youth and justice
Authors: A. French Dr.Sc. Laurence , Halilović Dr.Sc. Haris , Kovačević Dr.Sc. Goran
Published: August 2016

Youth and delinquency issues have long been problematic among Native Americans groups both on- and off-reservation. This phenomenon is further complicated by the cultural diversity among American Indians and Alaska Natives scattered across the United States. In address these issues, the paper begins with a historical overview of Native American youth.This history presents the long tradition of federal policies that, how well intended, have resulted in discriminatory practices with the most damages attacks being those directed toward the destruction of viable cultural attributes – the same attributes that make Native Americans unique within United States society.Following the historical material, the authors contrast the pervasive Native American aboriginal ethos of harmony with that of Protestant Ethic that dominates the ethos of the larger United States society. In addition to providing general information on Native American crime and delinquency, the paper also provides a case study of Native American justice within the Navajo Nation, the largest tribe, in both size and population, in the United States. The paper concludes with a discussion of issues specific to Native American youth and efforts to address these problems.
“New Nation-Building” or What?: Serbian and Kosovan laws on expatriates
Authors: Lomonosov Mr.Sc. Matvey
Published: August 2016

Special legal provisions on preferential treatment of expatriates introduced during last decade by the kin-states are oftentimes construed by the scholars as visible sings and effective tools of new, post-territorial nation-building in Eastern Europe. However, the analysis of Serbian and Kosovan laws on citizenship and diaspora shows that the picture is more complex, whereas the situation varies across countries of the region. Despite the rising concerns with the issues of the co-ethnics since late 2000 the Serbian government for some years has been reluctant to introduce the exclusive preferential treatment for the Serbs in the realm of citizenship. Only the law passed in 2009 overtly showed that the executives and legislators of the Republic of Serbia now are on the way of creating post-territorial Serb national community. Contrariwise the political establishment of Kosovo equally pushing forward special laws on “diaspora” in 2008 and 2011 was rather concerned with forming and reasserting of as well as tightening its grip over post-territorial citizenry because of notable social and economic problems. In contrast to Easter European status laws, trans-border “ethnic relatives” of the Kosovan majority are effectively excluded by the documents from the membership in the “diaspora,” while the representatives of ethnic minorities from the territory of the country legally qualify for being Kosovo diasporans.
Quality function and the quality manager
Authors: Hani Dr.Sc. Miraç
Published: August 2016

In many organizations, management systems are viewed in terms of the internal dynamics between marketing, design, production, distribution, and accounting. A change is required from this to a larger system which also encompasses and integrates the business interests of customers and   suppliers. Management needs to develop an in-depth understanding of these relationships and how they may be used to cement the partnership concept. The quality function should be the organization’s focal point in this respect and should be equipped to gauge internal and external customers, expectations and degree of satisfaction. It should also identify quality deficiencies in all business functions and promote improvements.The role of the quality function is to make quality become an inseparable aspect of every employee’s performance and responsibility. The transition in many companies from quality departments with line functions will require careful planning, direction and monitoring. Quality professionals have developed numerous techniques and skills focused on product or service quality.
Marketing mix strategies of bread producers in Kosovo
Authors: Fejza Mr.Sc. Ejup , Reshidi Dr.Sc. Nail , Livoreka Dr.Sc. Ramiz
Published: August 2016

Marketing is a fundamental or core function of the business which more than any other business function deals with customers and their satisfaction. Creation and implementation of a successful marketing strategy in business is very crucial, especially when we deal with a business such is bread manufacturing. Thus, the purpose of the research was to analyze the development of marketing as an organizational function of bread manufacturers companies in Kosovo, to analyze their marketing strategies and to provide clear recommendations for companies that do not use marketing strategies.During the research I have find that bread producers do not even have established a marketing department and/or do not have employed a marketing or sales person. Only few companies, three out of fifteen, intend to establish marketing department in the future, which is a sign that bread producers still do not see marketing as core function in their activities. They do think more on production than on sales and marketing. None of the companies have promotional activities regularly and only two of them exhibits regularly on the trade fairs in Kosovo and only one company exhibited abroad.There should be continuous insistence of manufacturing companies to advance marketing department, creating a special unit of market research and behavior with consumer.The data for research were collected through questionnaire in fifteen bread manufacturing companies. Methods used for research have been descriptive, comparative, analysis, and synthesis. The research instrument was a questionnaire, the technique has been direct communication and research was conducted between months June up to September 2009.
Electoral impact of public policies Case Study: Elections as an instrument of civic participation in public policies in Kosovo
Authors: Gashi Dr.Sc. Ibrahim , Bashota MSc. Bardhok
Published: August 2016

Being aware of the role of electoral systems as the most important mechanisms of fostering political interaction in a political system of a certain democratic society, it is our intention to study and theoretically and practically analyze the establishment and functioning of the electoral system in Kosovo, in the temporal context of the last decade. Before that thought, several standard theoretical modalities attributable to electoral systems are to be set, with a view of explaining the role and functions of the electoral systems in consolidating basic attributes of a mature democracy.In our case studies, amongst the most important attributes under analysis are: elections, as an instrument of civil participation in public policies. Furthermore, in studying the function of elections, we shall make efforts to elaborate on the level of political culture in Kosovo, creation of authority and legitimacy, and the extent of maturity of Kosovar society itself.Since Kosovo has been under international administration for more than ten years, the analysis of the electoral system in Kosovo is found to be sui generis, and this fact allows for an extraordinary understanding of the role of elections as an instrument of citizens for participating in public policies and public life in Kosovo. In attaining such goals, we shall focus on the analysis of all cycles of elections held in Kosovo since 2001, and up to the constitutional reforms ongoing related to electoral reforms in Kosovo.
Theoretical concepts about "Intelligence" - practices and standards in democratic societies
Authors: Gashi Mr.Sc. Bahri
Published: August 2016

My thesis consists of theoretical analysis on the need for recognition of academic concepts to shape and design research field intelligence community activity, careful analysis of the terms and concepts that are strongly linked to intelligence work methodology, theoretical aspects description given practice best to regulate this specific area in our academic studies, has made the study to take proper shape with bold shades of comparative empirical analysis.My study aims to summarize, to analyze existing approaches and break the "taboo theories," floats mysteriously present new knowledge, summed up in this multidisciplinary field study, now theories only considering the nature of scientific thought for recognition theoretical concepts and legal regulation best practice intelligence services in democratic societies.emocratic societies. Treatment of this complex matter such as "intelligent services submission principle" of democracy is very difficult. Is between the concept of democracy is to be open and transparent, and intelligent service logic in the concept is to be closed and secret. Generally in "strategic studies and Peace” security for the creation of "security system" argued by the authors Buzan and Herring. Concept Intelligent based on the theory: "The essence of intelligence is the adequate response to a stimulus." Is the essence of this analysis?
The Development of Human Resources and Labor Market
Authors: Havolli Dr.Sc. Ymer
Published: August 2016

This paper aims to give an overview of the need of knowledge management in the organization, as well as understanding the preconditions and obstacles for the openness of economic and education system in Kosovo with systems in the region as a factor in human resource development. Kosovo has some demographical features that have major influence in the overall development. Due to dominance of young population, the demand for education is high in comparison with the absorption capacity of the economy. Also, the requirements of businesses and institutions are ongoing for the applied knowledge, achievement of which requires continuous increase of mobility of the students as well as teachers. Hence, this paper highlights the importance of completion in the education as a way for convergence and sustainable economic development.
The Involvement of Albanian Ethnic Immigrants in Entrepreneurship as a New Possibility on their Integration in the International Labour Market - Their Role in Transnational Bridging For Homemade Products (Case Of The Province Of Milan, Italy)
Authors: Bejta MA. Ilir , Fetahu MSc. Elvira
Published: August 2016

It is like a circle, using business to build social integration and using social integration to increase competitiveness in the labour market for the Albanian ethnic immigrant minorities, increasing as well their human capital capacities, especially bridging transnational on domestic products and brands in order to make it easier for those to internationalize. Consequently, it will valorise their social position in the societies they live and work.This paper addresses and analysis, as well as evaluates the role entrepreneurship has on the social development and social integration of the ethnic immigrant minorities and the increase of their attractiveness in the international labour market.The paper addresses also the reasons and factors impacting the emerging of ethnic immigrant entrepreneurship worldwide and in EU. It analyzes their role on the world entrepreneurship and economic system, the actual situation of ethnic immigrant minorities, their social networks and organizations emerged due to their role as a new force and human capital in these markets. In this framework, being a transnational bridge on the internationalization of their home country products and culture, the Albanian ethnic immigrant entrepreneurship, as the main focus group of this study, can increase its possibilities to be more competitive in the labour market.Economic integration induces immigrants to increase contacts and be part of economic networks and  social networks too, as well as improve, as a necessity deriving from the economic competition, their human capital capacities and capabilities getting use of international labour market. Considering economic and human capital development we will measure their impact on the social welfare and integration of the ethnic immigrant minority groups in the modern society (Albanians in Province of Milan, Italy).
The Inevitability of Strengthening the Nation-Building Subjectivity of Ethnic and National Groups
Authors: Hadzic Dr.sc. Harun
Published: August 2016

This paper presents a very courageous, scientifically founded prediction, concerning the imminent and inevitable process of strengthening  the political and nation-building subjectivity of national minorities and ethnic groups, i.e., minority indigenous people. For, a more lasting peace and stability, for which we want to dominate in Europe and the world, can only be achieved by deflection of the discontent of these nationalities, on one hand, and strengthening of the public recognition of their international legal subjectivity, on the other hand. This implies the exercise of their right to self-determination and the creation of independent autonomies, regions or countries, which also implies reclassification and conversion of the internal, but also of the interstate borders. These new limits must be established precisely in those parts of the world where there is a political struggle, and a long-time demand of these organized groups, which would, in effect, mean that the international community should accept their demand for creation of new states, or, at least, another, lower, level of independence.
Calculation of Investments for the Distribution of GPON Technology in the village of Bishtazhin through database
Authors: Qarkaxhija MSc. Jusuf , Luarasi Dr.Sc. Tamara
Published: August 2016

According to daily reports, the income from internet services is getting lower each year. Landline phone services are running at a loss,  whereas mobile phone services are getting too mainstream and the only bright spot holding together cable operators (ISP)  in positive balance is the income from broadband services (Fast internet, IPTV).Broadband technology is a term that defines multiple methods of information distribution through internet at great speed. Some of the broadband technologies are: optic fiber, coaxial cable, DSL, Wireless, mobile broadband, and satellite connection.  The ultimate goal of any broadband service provider is being able to provide voice, data and the video through a single network, called triple play service.The Internet distribution remains an important issue in Kosovo and particularly in rural zones.Considering the immense development of the technologies and different alternatives that we can face, the goal of this paper is to emphasize the necessity of a forecasting of such investment and to give an experience in this aspect. Because of the fact that in this investment are involved many factors related to population, geographical factors, several technologies and the fact that these factors are in continuously change, the best way is, to store all the data in a database and to use this database for different results. This database helps us to substitute the previous manual calculations with an automatic procedure of calculations.This way of work will improve the work style, having now all the tools to take the right decision about an Internet investment considering all the aspects of this investment.
Study of Organochlorinated Pesticide Residues and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Soil Samples
Authors: Gashi MSc. Vlora , Nuro Dr.Sc. Aurel , Pulaj MSc. Basri
Published: August 2016

This paper presents and discusses the data obtained for organochlorinated pesticides and their residues in the soil samples of agricultural areas. Soil contamination is one of most important factors influencing the quality of agricultural products. Usage of heavy farm equipment, the land drainage, an exces­sive application of agrochemicals, emissions originating from mining, metallurgical, and chemical and coal power plants and transport, all generate a number of undesired substances (nitric and sulphur oxides, PAHs, heavy metals, pesticides), which after deposition in soil may influence crop quality. Thus, input of these contaminants into the environment should be carefully monitored. Levels of organochlorinated pesticides contamination were evaluated in agriculture areas that are in use. 10 soil samples were taken in agricultural areas  Plane of  Dugagjini , Kosovo. Representa­tive soil samples were collected from 0-30 cm top layer of the soil.In the analytical method we combined ultrasonic bath extraction and a Florisil column for samples clean-up. The analysis of the organochlorinated pesticides in soil samples was performed by gas chromatography technique using electron capture detector (GC/ECD). Optima-5 (low/mid polarity, 5% phenyl methyl siloxane 60 m x 0.33 mm x 0.25μm film) capillary column was used for isolation and determination of organochlorinated pesticides. Low concentrations of organochlorinated pesticide and their metabolites were found in the studied samples. The presence of organochlorinated pesticides and their residues is probably resulting of their previous uses for agricultural purposes.
The History of Development of Land Registration and Ownership Rights in Kosovo, Legal Challenges During the Years 1912-2014
Authors: Rudi LL.M. Blerta
Published: August 2016

Knowing that the registration of ownership rights is very important institute for legal and economic system of Kosovo, for its constitutive effect in gaining of ownership rights, protection of property rights of the owner and which enables effective management of the land, in order to understand its development, is necessary to turn back to history.Regarding to this, Kosovo is not known for an early origin and consolidated system of land registration until Twentieth Century; even afterwards, its development was influenced by many socio-economic and political factors.The review of the historical development of land records deserves a detailed study in Kosovo due to its complexity through the years, so in order to understand more accurately the footsteps of regimes, it is necessary to examine periods until 1912, 1912-1999 and 1999 till now days, because the elaboration of normative acts that arranged registration over the years, enable the readers to create a clear overview related to advances and characteristics of each stage of its development,therefore the differences and similiarities can be noticed clearly through descriptive and comparison method.Especially postwar period is characterized by major advances and essential changes as: Approval of Constitution and abrogation of old system. These changes contained fairly challenges, but important is that the situation normalized and is moving towards positive trends of legislative development.Actually, in Kosovo, property rights are receiving deserved attention, but it is somewhat worrying the emphasizing lack of the review of the registration, reason that encouraged me to elaborate this topic in order to gain more knowledge about the institute of registration system and complexities that accompanies it.
The Legal Position and Factual Situation of Women Participation to Inheritance in Kosovo
Authors: Hajdari LL.M. Egzonis
Published: August 2016

The right to inheritance represents one of the basic human rights. As such this right is regulated by the law. The Law on Inheritance in Kosovo regulates substantially, all the issues related to inheritance. In this context, this Law contains numerous rules that proclaim full equality of women with men to inheritance.Regardless of equality proclaimed by law practical reality of life indicates a different situation. This reality proves that women participation to inheritance nevertheless is very small. The reasons for this situation are numerous and diverse, but mostly they have to deal with the still existence in people's conscience of many customary rules, which constantly treated women as a subject of second hand. In this article a modest attempt is made to reflect besides legal aspect also the practical situation indicating the degree of women participation to inheritance in Kosovo, in all grades that she may appear as heir.
The Impact of Political Risk on Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: Kruja MSc. Alba , Dragusha Dr.Sc. Blerta
Published: August 2016

Even though other forms of risk, such as economic risk and financial risk have been studied quite extensively, political risk has not received much attention owing primarily to lack of data. Among other components of country risk, political risk is more critical in importance and more multifaceted in impact, becoming more prominent especially in developing countries. It’s that reason why our first task is to include the political risk and some of its components that are found to be significant in the empirical studies in the evaluation of FDI, and not only the level of political risk but also its changes over time. Regarding the effects of political risk on FDI inflow, this paper shows the multitude of ways by which the different expressions of political risk may influence both positively and negatively the value of investment opportunities and the decisions of firms to invest. This paper looks at the effect of political risk on FDI by using a systematic approach of factor analysis, in reducing the number of variables into their underlying factors and then generating factor scores. Then it uses a panel regression approach combined with factor analysis to examine the relationship, and which particular aspect of political risk contributes more towards deterring FDI inflow. Similar to most studies in the empirical literature on FDI flows, the logarithm for investment flows and the independent variables is used.“Capital is a coward. It doesn’t go where it perceives danger” –Anonymous investor in Zimbabwe, 10 May 2010
Reaching Constructive Compromise: Steps, Tactics, and Strategies
Authors: Salihu MA. Arben
Published: August 2016

The history of war and conflicts is as old as human history itself. Along with it always existed attempts to find ways and means to reconcile conflicting parties and reach peace. In today’s world, more than ever, where war and conflicts are everyday occurrence is imperative to find faster and reliable ways how to resolve conflicts. Reaching a constructive compromise is extremely difficult (very often even the implementation phase creates additional hitches) as the parties involved pretend or believe that all of their demands for peace deal are rational and thus should be fulfilled. While one party may have expertise in negotiation process itself, the other may be unwittingly unprepared, and believing that honesty and fairness will result in impartial peace deal. This is, unfortunately, not always so. The aim of this paper, besides targeting these types of naïve perceptions, is to inspire others to be fully prepared prior entering negotiation process. The negotiation strategy, along with steps and tactics is the fundament of this research. History of negotiations teaches us that often the strong and more prepared side tends to win more than the weak and unprepared one in a negotiation process. Yet studying and exploring the approach to reach a constructive compromise is essential and conducive even if you happen to find yourself as the weaker party vis-à-vis a stronger opposing rival.The purpose of this study is to analyse the implications of negotiating strategies in the course of reaching the eventual constructive compromise. Throughout, this paper has endeavoured to answer numerous but distinct issues related to the topic and offer a balanced analysis on the arguments explored. The study also delves into some international conflicts (resolved and unresolved) examining them in light of potential constructive compromise. Finally the study ends up by concluding that constructive compromise strategy that focuses, above all, on creativity, analytical ability and rationality requires often, enormous time and efforts to reach desired result, but ends fully justify means.
Several Key Features of Marriage in Kosovo
Authors: Podvorica Dr.Sc. Hamdi
Published: August 2016

In this paper titled “Several key features of marriage in Kosovo”, I have made efforts to address the matrimony, as an important societal and legal concept, in the light of positive law in Kosovo. In short terms, I have addressed the historical development of marriage in general, from the period of promiscuity until today, and I have emphasized key features of marriage in various time periods, only to comprehend better the ways of development of marriage in time and space.A special emphasis is put on the essential (material) conditions of marital union. The paper provides sufficient reasons for which the positive law in Kosovo has provided on the free expression of will of spouses; opposite sexes; the age threshold; entry into matrimony before a competent state authority, and under a procedure provided by law, as substantial conditions for entering a valid matrimony. Sufficient room is allowed also for the treatment of consequences and responsibilities of various entities if marriage is developed without obeying substantial conditions as provided by law. Due to the nature of the paper, formal conditions for entering matrimony are not addressed.The right to enter marriage and establish a family under provided legal conditions is guaranteed to every Kosovo citizen, as a substantial right. The marriage is a basic cell of the family, and as such, it is protected by the state and society.Apart from normative and sociological methods, I have also used the historical method in developing this paper. The purpose was to discover several marriage features, which used to exist, and do not anymore, and also underline some new features, which nowadays form the pillars of the marriage.
Powerful figures and images: Contribution to Personification of Polis in Hellenistic Art
Authors: Novakova Mgr. Lucia , Gucik Dr.Sc. Lukas
Published: August 2016

Anthropomorphic symbol in the visual art was an integral part of ancient Greek culture since beginning. Personification of Hellenistic polis, understood as broad and diverse social, geographic and political phenomenon, can be approached by an analysis of archaeological and written sources. Define polis in miscellaneous Hellenistic society is a complex task, especially when socio-historical context is not directly reflected by individual archaeological finds and detailed historical data. Certain changes within political sphere appeared and status of city-states varied. An effort to restore political sovereignty did not expire entirely, therefore personification of poleis from previous period remained in some cases almost unchanged. Personification of political units in Classical art might be similar, distinct or completely different from Hellenistic depictions. Personification of polis in Classical period reflected not only patriotic stance and civil affiliation, but also the legitimacy of state independence. In this aspect, a connection with art of following period may be seen: reshaping of political propaganda was performed during Hellenistic age. Legitimity of state power and expressive means of fine arts were closely related since Archaic period, which occured later in various forms.
Partos atendidos por cesárea: análisis de los datos de las encuestas nacionales de demografía y salud en Colombia 1995-2005
Authors: Rizo Gil Alberto
Published: August 2016

Al igual que en otros países de América Latina, los nacimientos por cesárea han presentado un incremento notable en los últimos años en Colombia. Unas 200.000 cesáreas se realizan anualmente en el país por diversas razones. En Colombia hay reportes de instituciones en las cuales 2/3 partes de los nacimientos se atienden mediante cesárea.
Hospitalizaciones prevenibles por condiciones sensibles al cuidado ambulatorio en cinco hospitales de la red pública de Bogotá 2006-2008
Authors: Cáliz Peña Oswaldo
Published: August 2016

Las condiciones sensibles al cuidado ambulatorio - CSCA- son indicadores de enfermedades para las cuales la Atención Primaria de Salud - APS- tiene capacidad potencial para evitar su hospitalización innecesaria. En el tamizaje de los egresos de cinco hospitales de la Red Pública de Bogotá se encontró que 22.5% de sus pacientes correspondieron a CSCA; 56% de los diagnósticos fueron de enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias, 42% de enfermedades crónicas, 2% de otras enfermedades y 0.28% al cáncer de cuello uterino. Este estudio piloto es un inicio de la evaluación de la APS y su papel frente a la contención de los costos de la hospitalización.
El derecho a la salud: una búsqueda inacabada para la sociedad colombiana
Authors: Jiménez Barbosa Wilson Giovanni
Published: August 2016

La salud a pesar de no haber sido definida como un Derecho Fundamental en la Constitución Nacional de 1991, si debe ser entendida como tal, gracias a la interpretación jurisprudencial hecha por la Corte Constitucional en varias de sus sentencias, según las cuales el goce de plena salud se halla conexo con el derecho a la vida y a la dignidad humana. Sin embargo, desde la implementación de la Ley 100 de 1993, la vulneración a este derecho ha sido reiterativo, por parte de los diferentes actores que hacen parte del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud, lo que ha impulsado a los usuarios a defender su derecho mediante la interposición de acciones de tutela, lo que ha generado congestión en los despachos judiciales.
Binswanger y el análisis existencial
Authors: Acosta Gómez Mario
Published: August 2016

El presente trabajo aporta novedades de la obra antropológica del psiquiatra suizo Luis Binswanger, en tanto que fenomenólogo mostrando el camino recorrido por este especialista de las ciencias de la intimidad en la búsqueda de un método y una fundamentación filosófica para la psiquiatría, que permitiera reconducir a la unificación de los aspectos intelectual, volitivo y corpóreo del ser humano. Se describe el carácter perfectivo de la esencia del hombre, obtenido mediante la psicoterapia centrada en el análisis existencial propuesto por Binswanger, el cual sugiere la radicalidad de la persona en su inteligir y amar, pero ante todo por situarse frente a la libertad. En el curso del artículo se destacan aportes filosóficos de Leonardo Polo, contrastables con la Psiquiatría instaurada por Binswanger.
El clúster de servicios educativos en Puebla : motor económico
Authors: Martín Armendáriz Diana , Tinoco Castrejón Miguel Ángel
Published: August 2016

Este artículo toma como referencia los resultados obtenidos en la investigación realizada por el Grupo de Desarrollo Regional del Tecnológico de Monterrey, en el proyecto “Identificación de Oportunidades Estratégicas para el Desarrollo de los Estados(IOED)” en el período 2008-2009. Se ofrece un análisis más profundo de las megatendencias sociales que afectan al clúster de servicios educativos y su repercusión directa en eldesarrollo económico de Estado de Puebla. Estas megatendencias son: “la nueva estructura demográfica y familiar” y “educación personalizada, vitalicia y universal”. Se amplían las posibilidades de este clúster analizando la infraestructura existente, aportando nuevos retos para el sector educativo tanto a nivel privado como a nivel público.
La asociatividad como fenómeno evolutivo, análisis de casos colombianos
Authors: Castellanos M. Juan Gonzalo
Published: August 2016

La asociatividad, expresada en la conformación de redes de negocios o clústers localizados de empresas en una industria específica, ha sido estudiada por numerosos autores en el mundo desarrollado. Para Latinoamérica y para las PyMEs representa una ventaja importante frente a los retos de productividad y competitividad y a oportunidades en nichos de mercado que se abren en el concierto global; especialmente, en la forma de establecer cooperaciones, colaboraciones y competencias, en aspectos como el mercadeo y la innovación.Para analizar el estado de estas experiencias a través de casos comparativos, es necesario tener como referente un enfoqueevolutivo de la situación, especialmente de la innovación. (Nelson, 1994; Melcalfe,1994:95; Lundvall;1992) han planteadoestrategias evolutivas de cambio y perspectivas sistémicas para la innovación, que proporcionan un marco de análisis. De la misma manera, la incorporación de la teoría de sistemas y de redes al ámbito de la microeconomía (Potts, 2008) y lapropuesta de políticas evolutivas de ciencia y tecnología que acompañan las prácticas de la innovación (Teubal;2006),facilitan la descripción de su evolución.Esta investigación, presenta -a través del análisis comparativo de dos experiencias de aglomeración industrial en Colombia que se construyen actualmente- una perspectiva de la evolución de la asociatividad y plantea etapas de dicha evolución, proponiendo que ésta se alcanza por fases que muestran características más o menos definidas. Esta propuesta de etapas, tiene consecuencias en la conformación de las aglomeraciones industriales que son jalonadas por empresas tractoras, desarrolladas por entes facilitadores o impulsadas espontáneamente por las propias empresas. También tiene consecuencias en la evolución de la política de ciencia, tecnología e innovación.
La Alianza Universidad-Empresa-Estado: una estrategia para promover innovación
Authors: Ramírez Salazar María del Pilar , García Valderrama Manuel
Published: August 2016

Los actores del desarrollo económico de nuestro país –la Universidad, la Empresa y el Estado– están interactuando en forma articulada en proyectos conjuntos con el fin de promover diferentes tipos de innovación para los sectores económicos de cada región. Colombia ha iniciado el camino correcto de aprovechamiento de sinergias y de aplicación de experiencias exitosas de estas dinámicas evidenciadas en otros países. Se tiene el reto de consolidar los comités Universidad-Empresa-Estado de nuestro país con el apoyo del gobierno al fomento de políticas en ciencia, innovación y tecnología, la apertura del sector empresarial hacia la academia y el compromiso social de las universidades para apoyar proyectos de investigación articulada.Los tres actores deben seguir comprometidos, con una visión clara para apoyar las iniciativas de gestión, emprendimiento e innovación de los investigadores y empresarios que se han involucrado en los proyectos de innovación para hacer desarrollos conjuntos. Es deber nuestro apoyar y fomentar estas acciones regionales que se están consolidando dado los beneficios para los sectores de la economía. Se está iniciando una etapa de reconocimiento internacional que se debe fortalecer, sorprendiendo por medio de proyectos de investigación, desarrollo e innovación útil para la empresa y por ende para la sociedad en general.
La visión gerencial como factor de competitividad
Authors: González A. José María , Manrique Salas Oscar , González Bonilla Orlando
Published: August 2016

La Maestría en Administración de Empresas de la Universidad Santo Tomás ha venido realizando un estudio sectorial para la Industria de la comunicación gráfica de Bucaramanga, mediante la aplicación del Modelo para la Modernización de la Gestión de las Organizaciones (MMGO), desarrollado por la Universidad EAN. Dicho modelo provee información sobre los múltiples aspectos gerenciales de una organización, por lo tanto, en el presente caso se utilizará la información que el modelo aplicado provee sobre la visión gerencial y sus relaciones con el desarrollo integral de la organización y otras herramientas gerenciales que la utilizan como el análisis del entorno y herramientas que la vitalizan como la capacitación y el entrenamiento. Con esta información se pretende realizar un análisis que alimente la investigación macro que se viene realizando y a la vez, aportar evidencia empírica sobre la reflexión teórica que se desarrolla en la comunidad científica alrededor del concepto de visión gerencial.
La tasa de descuento en países emergentes aplicación al caso colombiano
Authors: Sánchez Segura Jairo Humberto
Published: August 2016

La evaluación financiera se constituye en parte fundamental para determinar la viabilidad de los proyectos. En este proceso, el costo de capital se constituye en herramienta básica para medir no solo el retorno esperado, sino el riesgo percibido por los accionistas. A una mayor tasa esperada de retorno del capital, los proyectos serán más exigentes y requerirán mayores tasas de rentabilidad que recuperen la inversión y generen el retorno esperado por quienes asumen el riesgo de la financiación.Este artículo presenta dos modelos financieros utilizados para el cálculo del costo de capital y los ajustes necesarios para calcular dicho costo cuando se trata de inversiones en países emergentes. Parten ambos del modelo CAPM (Capital Assets Pricing Model) o modelo de precios de activos de capital y desarrolla los ajustes necesarios para calcular el mayor riesgo percibido en países emergentes que finalmente se refleja en la tasa de descuento. Se aplicarán ambos modelos al caso colombiano para determinar el costo de capital en inversiones efectuadas en su territorio.
La inteligencia emocional y el sector financiero colombiano
Authors: Zárate Torres Rodrigo , Matviuk Sergio
Published: August 2016

Existe un consenso general que dice que la inteligencia emocional es la habilidad de los individuos de lidiar con las emociones (Salovey y Mayer, 1990; Law, Wong y Song, 2004; Mayer, Caruso y Salovey, 2000; Wong, Law y Wong, 2004a; Wong, Wong y Law, 2007) y que es tan o más importante que el coeficiente intelectual en la vida de negocios y en la carrera profesional (Erkus, 2008; Goleman, 1995). Poco se ha estudiado acerca de la inteligencia emocional y la mayoría de estudios existentes se han realizado en los Estados Unidos, Europa y Asia. Este artículo reporta los resultados de una investigación acerca de la inteligencia emocional en los líderes que están a nivel de gerencia o supervisión del sector financiero colombiano. Para lograr la investigación se utilizó el instrumento desarrollado por Wong y Law (2002) y en total se obtuvo una muestra de 218 participantes. Este instrumento ha sido probado y validado y como resultado se ha concluido que puede ser usado en las áreas de gerencia, liderazgo y comportamiento organizacional (Aslan y Erkus, 2008). Los resultados sugieren que los líderes del sector financiero colombiano saben cómo usar sus emociones, es decir las direccionan hacia actividades constructivas y desempeño personal. Con una amplia ventaja, los líderes del sector financiero valoran y entienden sus propias emociones y las expresan de manera natural.A manera de oportunidad de mejoramiento, se encontró que a los líderes del sector financiero colombiano se les dificulta recobrarse rápidamente de los altibajos emocionales y de la angustia, y también se les dificulta percibir y entender las emociones de las personas a su alrededor.
Horizontal-Well Fracturing by Use of Coiled Tubing in the Belridge Diatomite: A Case History
Authors: Malhotra Sahil , Merrifield George T. , Collins Jye R. , Lynch Cynthia , Larue Dave , Madding Angela M.
Published: August 2016

Coiled-tubing (CT) fracturing has been applied successfully in multistage vertical-well stimulation in the Belridge diatomite in the Lost Hills field. This same methodology was used to complete two northwest-trending horizontal wells drilled on the northeast flank of the Lost Hills anticlinal structure that targeted thinner, higher-oil-saturation strata separated by thicker lower-oil-saturation intervals. The target reservoir presents high-porosity, low-matrix-permeability, and low-Young's-modulus Opal A diatomite.

The perforations were jetted by pumping sand slurry down the CT, and the fracture job was pumped down the annulus. The stages were isolated by setting sand plugs. Nine and twelve stages were pumped in the two wells, respectively. The perforation locations for different stages were selected in areas with high resistivity and inferred high oil saturations, an absence of hydraulic fractures from nearby wells, excellent cement bonding, and low intensity of natural fractures. These assessments followed logging-while-drilling (LWD) with gamma ray, induction-resistivity and azimuthally focused resistivity (AFR) (image) logs, and a cased-hole ultrasonic image tool (USIT) run with the aid of a tractor. The hydraulic fractures were monitored by use of surface tiltmeter sensors. Oil- and water-soluble tracers were pumped to determine the relative production contribution from the stages and fracture-fluid cleanup, respectively, from the stages. All the jobs could be pumped successfully without any screenouts. Challenges were faced in setting sand plugs and isolating stages. Large fracture widths and low leakoff into the formation led to difficulty in forming sand bridges at the perforations and concentrating sand in the wellbore for the plugs. Surface tiltmeters showed excessive fracture-height growth. Tracer results showed that 20 to 30% of the stages contributed to 50 to 60% of the production. Stages with higher treating pressures contributed less toward production. This could be attributed to near-wellbore tortuosity in these stages. Proppant flowback was encountered in one well, and after an effective cleanup, the production rose.

The study illustrates how integration of various aspects, such as completion design, fracture-pressure analysis, and diagnostics, combined with geologic and reservoir information can help in identifying challenges and finding potential solutions for hydraulic fracturing. The findings highlight that the technology most suitable for vertical-well stimulation might not be favorable for horizontal-well stimulation.
Arabica Coffee–Macadamia Intercropping: A Suitable Macadamia Cultivar to Allow Mechanization Practices and Maximize Profitability
Authors: Perdoná Marcos J. , Soratto Rogério P.
Published: August 2016

Intercropping Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) with trees species that generate an economic return, such as macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche), has been suggested as an alternative for diversifying and maximizing income. However, there is no information on how macadamia cultivars affect the performance of coffee plants, system mechanization, and profitability. An 8‐yr experiment was conducted in southeastern Brazil, to evaluate the growth, yield, and profitability of Arabica coffee intercropped with six macadamia cultivars (Hawaiian cultivars: HAES 344, HAES 660, and HAES 816; Brazilian cultivars: IAC 9‐20, IAC 4‐12B, and IAC 4‐20) or monocropped coffee (continuously cropped coffee monoculture) under drip irrigation and a mechanized system. Relative to the Brazilian cultivars, the smaller canopy diameters of the Hawaiian macadamia cultivars resulted in less competition with the intercropped coffee plants and required less pruning, enabling mechanized management of the crop. Annual pruning of the Brazilian cultivars resulted in lower kernel yields compared with the Hawaiian cultivar HAES 816, which exhibited the highest kernel yield. Regardless of the type of macadamia cultivar used, intercropping resulted in higher profits than monocropped coffee. We suggest that the Hawaiian cultivar HAES 816 is the most appropriate cultivar for irrigated intercropping with Arabica coffee and for maintaining the mechanization of cultural practices. This combination resulted in an economic benefit that was 178% greater than the benefits realized by monocropped coffee.

Core Ideas

Coffee–macadamia intercropping resulted in higher profitability than monocropped coffee.

It should define which macadamia cultivar is suitable to intercrop with coffee.

Hawaiian macadamia cultivars resulted in less competition with intercropped coffee plants.

The cultivar HAES 816 was the most successful intercrop with coffee in a mechanized system.