bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Core‐Veneer Thickness Ratio on the Fracture Load and Failure Mode of Zirconia Crowns
Authors: Soares Luciana Mara , Soares Cristiano , Miranda Milton Edson , Basting Roberta Tarkany
Published: February 2017

Purpose

To evaluate the influence of different core‐veneer thickness (CVT) ratios on fracture loads and failure modes of zirconia crowns with or without thermomechanical cycling (TC).

Materials and Methods

Forty yttrium‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Y‐TZP) cores were veneered with a pressable ceramic and divided into four groups (n = 10): group 1 ‐ 1:3 CVT ratio (0.5‐mm core, 1.5‐mm veneer); group 2 ‐ 1:1 CVT ratio (1.0‐mm core, 1.0‐mm veneer); groups 3 and 4 ‐ identical to groups 1 and 2, respectively, except that they underwent TC (1,000,000 cycles with an 84‐N load applied at a 4‐Hz frequency, temperature cycling at 4°C, 37°C, and 55°C – 30 seconds each). Loads were applied axially to the central fossa of the crowns with a 1 mm/min crosshead speed at 200 N until failure.

Results

Two‐way ANOVA showed that the crowns with a 1:3 CVT ratio had a lower mean fracture load than crowns with a 1:1 CVT ratio (group 1 = 1666.4 ± 466.4 N; group 2 = 2156.6 ± 472.3 N). TC had no effect on the fracture load for crowns with the same CVT ratio. The failures observed for the crowns in groups 1, 3, and 4 were fractures within the veneering ceramic, which exposed the core. The failure severity of fractures for group 2 was less extensive, characterized by chipping within the ceramic veneer.

Conclusion

Crowns with a 1:1 CVT ratio had higher fracture load values and more conservative failures. TC had no effect on the fracture load of the ceramic crowns.
High prevalence of dental caries among HIV‐infected children in West Africa compared to uninfected siblings
Authors: Rajonson Noëlla , Meless David , Ba Boubacar , Faye Malick , Diby Jean‐Serge , N'zore Serge , Datté Sébastien , Diecket Lucrèce , N'Diaye Clémentine , Aka Edmond Addi , Kouakou Kouadio , Ba Abou , Ekouévi Didier Koumavi , Dabis François , Shiboski Caroline , Arrivé Elise
Published: February 2017

Introduction

The objectives of this study were to investigate the association between HIV infection and dental caries among children in West Africa, and to identify factors associated with dental caries among HIV‐infected children.

Methods

We conducted a multi‐center cross‐sectional study in Mali, Senegal and Côte d'Ivoire with a random sample of HIV‐infected children aged 5‐15 years on antiretroviral therapy and their uninfected siblings. A standardized examination was performed by calibrated dentists. The association between the number of decayed, missing or filled permanent and primary teeth surfaces (DMFdefS) and HIV status was investigated by fitting multivariable zero‐inflated negative binomial models, for each age group (<12 and ≥12 years). Factors associated with dental caries could be investigated only for HIV‐infected children <12 years old.

Results

The sample included 420 HIV‐infected children and 418 non‐infected siblings. The median DMFdefS was 7 for the HIV‐infected children and 2 for the uninfected siblings. The proportion of children with DMFdefS ≥1 was significantly higher among the HIV‐infected children than uninfected children (86.0 percent versus 64.4 percent, P < 0.001). The HIV‐infected children were less likely to be caries‐free than the uninfected siblings in both age groups. We found a higher degree of caries experience among HIV‐infected children < 12 years old, in whom it was associated with sweet drink consumption, history of night bottle use, immunosuppression, and younger age at study entry.

Conclusions

Although preventable, the burden of dental disease was high in children from families affected by HIV in West Africa and was associated with HIV infection and immunosuppression.
Disentangling the effects of compositional and structural diversity on forest productivity
Authors: Silva Pedro Mariana , Rammer Werner , Seidl Rupert
Published: February 2017

Questions

Tree species diversity is widely reported to positively influence forest productivity. Yet, a consistent attribution of productivity effects is complicated by the fact that compositional and structural diversity are often related in forest ecosystems. Here, our objective was to disentangle the effects of diversity in species and structures on forest productivity. We further assessed whether the influence of structure and composition on productivity changes over the course of forest development.

Location

Hainich National Park, central Germany.

Methods

We conducted a factorial simulation experiment in which 63 unique combinations of six different tree species were studied over 500 yr of forest development. The model used wasiLand, a process‐based simulator operating at individual tree resolution. The indicators of compositional diversity considered included species richness, entropy, evenness and identity, while structural diversity was characterized by indicators describing vertical and horizontal stand structure. Net primary production (NPP) was studied as the response variable, and random forest analysis was used to synthesize simulation output.

Results

We found positive effects of both compositional and structural diversity on productivity, but their influence changed distinctly over the course of forest development. In early‐seral stages, diversity effects onNPPwere dominated by aspects of tree species composition, and displayed a strong positive selection effect for European beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.). In later stages of forest development, diversity effects onNPPwere dominated by structural diversity, with productivity increasing with increased variation in tree diameter and canopy complexity.

Conclusion

To better understand the effects of diversity on ecosystem functioning, both the compositional and structural dimensions of diversity in forest ecosystems (and their changes over time) need to be considered. In the context of ecosystem management our results suggest that the reduction in productivity associated with the loss of a canopy tree species (e.g. due to the invasion of an alien pest species) can to some degree be compensated through increased structural diversity. Fostering both compositional and structural diversity are important means to increase the robustness of forest ecosystem functioning.
PIK3CA‐mutated melanoma cells rely on cooperative signaling through mTORC1/2 for sustained proliferation
Authors: Silva Jillian M. , Deuker Marian M. , Baguley Bruce C. , McMahon Martin
Published: February 2017

Malignant conversion of BRAF‐ or NRAS‐mutated melanocytes into melanoma cells can be promoted by PI3′‐lipid signaling. However, the mechanism by which PI3′‐lipid signaling cooperates with mutationally activated BRAF or NRAS has not been adequately explored. Using human NRAS‐ or BRAF‐mutated melanoma cells that co‐express mutationally activated PIK3CA, we explored the contribution of PI3′‐lipid signaling to cell proliferation. Despite mutational activation of PIK3CA, melanoma cells were more sensitive to the biochemical and antiproliferative effects of broader spectrum PI3K inhibitors than to an α‐selective PI3K inhibitor. Combined pharmacological inhibition of MEK1/2 and PI3K signaling elicited more potent antiproliferative effects and greater inhibition of the cell division cycle compared to single‐agent inhibition of either pathway alone. Analysis of signaling downstream of MEK1/2 or PI3K revealed that these pathways cooperate to regulate cell proliferation through mTORC1‐mediated effects on ribosomal protein S6 and 4E‐BP1 phosphorylation in an AKT‐dependent manner. Although PI3K inhibition resulted in cytostatic effects on xenografted NRASQ61H/PIK3CAH1047R melanoma, combined inhibition of MEK1/2 plus PI3K elicited significant melanoma regression. This study provides insights as to how mutationally activated PIK3CA acts in concert with MEK1/2 signaling to cooperatively regulate mTORC1/2 to sustain PIK3CA‐mutated melanoma proliferation.
Optogenetics: Applications in psychiatric research
Authors: Shirai Fukutoshi , Hayashi‐Takagi Akiko
Published: February 2017

Recently, optogenetic techniques have emerged as a method to optically manipulate molecular and cellular events in target cells both in vitro and in vivo. Optogenetics results from the fruitful combination of optics and genetic engineering, maximizing the advantages of each discipline. These advantages are optical control through the manipulation of wavelength and light intensity on the millisecond timescale, and specific gene expression and gene product trafficking with subcellular precision. This kind of fine‐tuning cannot be achieved using traditional methods. Therefore, optogenetic techniques have brought a revolution to neuroscience. In this review, we provide a concise summary of the history and recent advances of optogenetics, focusing in particular on applications for psychiatric research.
Walking the walk, talking the talk: Love languages, self‐regulation, and relationship satisfaction
Authors: BUNT SELENA , HAZELWOOD ZOE J.
Published: February 2017

Much clinical work has utilized G. Chapman's (1995) “love languages” model to promote relationship satisfaction, yet the model remains untested. This study addressed this issue by testing the hypothesis that couples with aligned love languages would report higher relationship satisfaction; we also explored the role that self‐regulation played in promoting satisfaction. A total of 67 heterosexual couples were assessed on love language preference, self‐regulation, and relationship satisfaction. Results provided limited evidence that love language alignment promotes satisfaction; self‐regulation contributed greater variance in satisfaction. Dyadic analyses identified that female self‐regulation positively impacted both male and female relationship satisfaction when couples had dissimilar primary love languages, although significant actor effects were also important predictors for both genders. The outcomes of this study suggest that the effectiveness of Chapman's model may be dependent on both spouses exhibiting appropriate self‐regulatory behaviors and that female self‐regulation plays an important role in predicting relationship satisfaction for both partners when they have different preferred love languages.
Demand and Revenue Impacts of an Opaque Channel: Evidence from the Airline Industry
Authors: Granados Nelson , Han Kunsoo , Zhang Dan
Published: February 2017

Over time, opaque intermediaries, such as Hotwire and Priceline.com, have become an established distribution channel for the travel industry. We use a market response model and a dataset of economy class reservations from a major international airline to empirically examine the demand and cannibalization effects of the opaque channel. We find that: (1) the impact of the opaque channel on total demand is positive and significant in markets with high levels of competition; and (2) overall, the opaque channel cannibalizes the online transparent channel, but not the offline channel nor the full‐fare segment. However, we find that cannibalization of the offline channel moderately increases as markets become more concentrated. These results together suggest that airlines can benefit from opaque offerings mainly in markets with high levels of competition. Further, we develop a methodology to assess the revenue impacts of the opaque channel and show how it can be used by managers to develop and implement pricing tactics to increase demand and decrease cannibalization.
Simultaneously Modelling Clustered Marginal Counts and Multinomial Proportions with Zero Inflation with Application to Analysis of Osteoporotic Fractures Data
Authors: Hasan M. Tariqul , Sneddon Gary , Ma Renjun
Published: February 2017

Osteoporotic fractures are known to be highly recurring. We investigate bone-dependent and bone-independent risk factors of osteoporotic fracture frequency and relative proportions at various body locations by using the data from the osteoporotic fracture study that was conducted by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2008. We propose a new zero-inflated baseline category multinomial mixed model to characterize the clustered count responses and multinomial proportions by subject simultaneously while taking account of zero inflation and randomness of cluster sizes. Our approach gives additional insights into the risk factors of osteoporotic fracture frequencies at various body locations. This joint modelling of fracture frequency also allows us to characterize relative proportion patterns at various body locations by subject between men and women across age. These findings have clear policy relevance to appropriate osteoporotic fracture prevention and resource allocation.
Features and prognostic impact of distant metastases in 45 dogs with de novo stage IV cutaneous mast cell tumours: A prospective study
Authors: Pizzoni S. , Sabattini S. , Stefanello D. , Dentini A. , Ferrari R. , Dacasto M. , Giantin M. , Laganga P. , Amati M. , Tortorella G. , Marconato L.
Published: February 2017

Background

Distant metastases in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumors (cMCT) are rare and incurable. The aims of this prospective study were to clarify the clinico‐pathological features of stage IV cMCTs and to identify possible prognostic factors for progression‐free interval (PFI) and survival time (ST).

Material and methods

Dogs were eligible for recruitment if they had a previously untreated, histologically confirmed cMCT and if they underwent complete staging demonstrating stage IV disease. Dogs were uniformly followed‐up, whereas treatment was not standardized and included no therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, tyrosine‐kinase inhibitors or a combination of these.

Results

45 dogs with stage IV cMCT were enrolled. All dogs had distant metastatic disease, and 41 (91.1%) dogs had also metastasis in the regional lymph node. Histopathological grade and mutational status greatly varied among dogs. Median ST was 110 days. Notably, PFI and ST were independent of well‐known prognostic factors, including anatomic site, histological grade, and mutational status. Conversely, tumor diameter >3 cm, more than 2 metastatic sites, bone marrow infiltration, and lack of tumor control at the primary site were confirmed to be negative prognostic factors by multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Currently, there is no satisfactory treatment for stage IV cMCT. Asymptomatic dogs with tumor diameter <3 cm and a low tumor burden, without bone marrow infiltration may be candidates for multimodal treatment. Stage IV dogs without lymph node metastasis may enjoy a surprisingly prolonged survival. The achievement of local tumor control seems to predict a better outcome in dogs with stage IV cMCT.
PROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF TUMOR STAGING USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY VERSUS MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS IN DOGS WITH NASAL NEOPLASIA: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Lux Cassie N. , Culp William T. N. , Johnson Lynelle R. , Kent Michael , Mayhew Philipp , Daniaux Lise A. , Carr Alaina , Puchalski Sarah
Published: February 2017

Identification of nasal neoplasia extension and tumor staging in dogs is most commonly performed using computed tomography (CT), however magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely used in human medicine. A prospective pilot study enrolling six dogs with nasal neoplasia was performed with CT and MRI studies acquired under the same anesthetic episode. Interobserver comparison and comparison between the two imaging modalities with regard to bidimensional measurements of the nasal tumors, tumor staging using historical schemes, and assignment of an ordinal scale of tumor margin clarity at the tumor‐soft tissue interface were performed. The hypotheses included that MRI would have greater tumor measurements, result in higher tumor staging, and more clearly define the tumor soft tissue interface when compared to CT. Evaluation of bone involvement of the nasal cavity and head showed a high level of agreement between CT and MRI. Estimation of tumor volume using bidimensional measurements was higher on MRI imaging in 5/6 dogs, and resulted in a median tumor volume which was 18.4% higher than CT imaging. Disagreement between CT and MRI was noted with meningeal enhancement, in which two dogs were positive for meningeal enhancement on MRI and negative on CT. One of six dogs had a higher tumor stage on MRI compared to CT, while the remaining five agreed. Magnetic resonance imaging resulted in larger bidimensional measurements and tumor volume estimates, along with a higher likelihood of identifying meningeal enhancement when compared to CT imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging may provide integral information for tumor staging, prognosis, and treatment planning.
Development Aid: A Perspective on the World Bank Performance Calculating the Social Return on Investment for the Least Developed
Authors: Schäfer Dominik
Published: February 2017

This paper focuses on the evaluation of the World Bank (WB) performance in delivering development aid to the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). The portfolio Net Present Value (NPV) at the result stage of the LDCs (168 projects) was positive with NPV values ranging from 42,059 to 50,779 Mio USD (33,506 Mio USD total project costs) and from 6,188 to 7,799 Mio USD excluding the 7 outlier projects with abnormally “high-value” NPVs. The minimum Social Return on Investment (SROI) of the LDCs including all project costs was calculated. This SROI ratio outcomes of 1 and 1.06 in the weighted and 1.3 and 1.72 in the unweighted case indicate that projects delivered by the WB have a positive effect on the poor countries.
Prospective Science Teachers' Perception Related to Formative Assessment Approaches in Turkey
Authors: Yaşar M. Diyaddin
Published: February 2017

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the perceptions and competences of prospective science teachers about formative assessment approaches. Qualitative case study methodology was used in the study. Research group consisted of 17 senior students of science education. As a data collection tool, a semi-structured "Formative Assessment Perception Interview Form" was used which was developed by the researcher. The data were collected by conducting a total of ten in-depth interviews, 8 with focus groups and another 2 as face -to-face. Collected data were subjected to content analysis. Study findings revealed that perceptions and competences of prospective science teachers on formative assessment approaches are very low and not sufficient. In particular, it was found out in this study that prospective science teachers are familiar with the definition and function of formative assessment approaches (12%) at a low extent albeit; however, they are seriously deficient about for what purpose (7% competence) they will use and choose them, how to prepare such approaches (3% competence), how to interpret and score effects of the results for the learning-teaching process (2% competence). Science teacher training curricula need to be revised in a way to give prospective teachers a training and preparation in practical, long-term and real learning-teaching environments for formative assessment approaches.
Variations in body morphology explain sex differences in thermoeffector function during compensable heat stress
Authors: Notley Sean R. , Park Joonhee , Tagami Kyoko , Ohnishi Norikazu , Taylor Nigel A. S.
Published: February 2017

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Can sex‐related differences in cutaneous vascular and sudomotor responses be explained primarily by variations in the ratio between body surface area and mass during compensable exercise that elicits equivalent heat‐loss requirements and mean body temperature changes across participants?

What is the main finding and its importance?

Mass‐specific surface area was a significant determinant of vasomotor and sudomotor responses in men and women, explaining 10–48% of the individual thermoeffector variance. Nonetheless, after accounting for changes in mean body temperature and morphological differences, sex explained only 5% of that inter‐individual variability. It was concluded that sex differences in thermoeffector function are morphologically dependent, but not sex dependent.

Sex is sometimes thought to be an independent modulator of cutaneous vasomotor and sudomotor function during heat exposure. Nevertheless, it was hypothesized that, when assessed during compensable exercise that evoked equal heat‐loss requirements across participants, sex differences in those thermoeffectors would be explained by variations in the ratio between body surface area and mass (specific surface area). To evaluate that possibility, vasomotor and sudomotor functions were assessed in 60 individuals (36 men and 24 women) with widely varying (overlapping) specific surface areas (range, 232.3–292.7 and 241.2–303.1 cm2 kg−1, respectively). Subjects completed two trials in compensable conditions (28°C, 36% relative humidity) involving rest (20 min) and steady‐state cycling (45 min) at fixed, area‐specific metabolic heat‐production rates (light, ∼135 W m−2; moderate, ∼200 W m−2). Equivalent heat‐loss requirements and mean body temperature changes were evoked across participants. Forearm blood flow and vascular conductance were positively related to specific surface area during light work in men (r = 0.67 andr = 0.66, respectively; bothP < 0.05) and during both exercise intensities in women (light,r = 0.57 andr = 0.69; and moderate,r = 0.64 andr = 0.68; allP < 0.05). Whole‐body and local sweat rates were negatively related to that ratio (correlation coefficient range, −0.33 to −0.62; allP < 0.05) during both work rates in men and women. Those relationships accounted for 10–48% of inter‐individual thermoeffector variance (P < 0.05). Furthermore, after accounting for morphological differences, sex explained no more than 5% of that variability (P < 0.05). It was concluded that, when assessed during compensable exercise, sex differences in thermoeffector function were largely determined morphologically, rather than being sex dependent.
How a fly photoreceptor samples light information in time
Authors: Juusola Mikko , Song Zhuoyi
Published: February 2017

A photoreceptor's information capture is constrained by the structure and function of its light‐sensitive parts. Specifically, in a fly photoreceptor, this limit is set by the number of its photon sampling units (microvilli), constituting its light sensor (the rhabdomere), and the speed and recoverability of their phototransduction reactions. In this review, using an insightful constructionist viewpoint of a fly photoreceptor being an ‘imperfect’ photon counting machine, we explain how these constraints give rise to adaptive quantal information sampling in time, which maximises information in responses to salient light changes while antialiasing visual signals. Interestingly, such sampling innately determines also why photoreceptors extract more information, and more economically, from naturalistic light contrast changes than Gaussian white‐noise stimuli, and we explicate why this is so. Our main message is that stochasticity in quantal information sampling is less noise and more processing, representing an ‘evolutionary adaptation’ to generate a reliable neural estimate of the variable world.

image
Cryo-EM structures of the triheteromeric NMDA receptor and its allosteric modulation
Authors: Lü Wei , Du Juan , Goehring April , Gouaux Eric
Published: February 2017

Added complexity in an asymmetric receptor

N
-methyl-
d
-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are heterotetrameric ion channels that initiate chemical and electrical signals in postsynaptic cells. They play key roles in brain development and function and are the targets of drugs for treating neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, and epilepsy. For the channel to open, it must bind glutamate and glycine and release a blocking magnesium ion. Most NMDARs have three different subunits that bind glycine and glutamine, but structural studies have focused on tetramers of only two subunits. Lü
et al.
determined the structure of triheteromeric NMDAR. The structural studies show how having three different subunits modifies receptor symmetry and subunit interactions and increases the complexity of receptor regulation.

Science
, this issue p.
eaal3729
Genome Sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteriophage PMBT1 Isolated from Raw Sewage
Authors: Koberg Sabrina , Brinks Erik , Fiedler Gregor , Hüsing Christina , Cho Gyu-Sung , Hoeppner Marc P. , Heller Knut J. , Neve Horst , Franz Charles M. A. P.
Published: February 2017

A bacteriophage virulent for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strain 182 was isolated from sewage. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome showed high similarity to the genomes of other
Klebsiella pneumoniae
phages. It comprises 175,206 bp with a mol% G+C content of 41.9 and contains 276 putative open reading frames (ORFs) and one tRNA.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Strains Isolated in Ukraine (2011) and Russia (2014)
Authors: Smirnova Nina I. , Krasnov Yaroslav M. , Agafonova Elena Y. , Shchelkanova Elena Y. , Alkhova Zhanna V. , Kutyrev Vladimir V.
Published: February 2017

Here, we present the draft whole-genome sequence of
Vibrio cholerae
O1 El Tor strains 76 and M3265/80, isolated in Mariupol, Ukraine, and Moscow, Russia. The presence of various mutations detected in virulence-associated mobile elements indicates high genetic similarity of the strains reported here with new highly virulent variants of the cholera agent
V. cholerae
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Carbendazim-Degrading
Mycobacterium
sp. Strain djl-10
Authors: Zhang Ji , Yuan Qiaoyun , Yang Wei , Wang Xinfeng
Published: February 2017

Mycobacterium
sp. strain djl-10, an efficient degrader of carbendazim, was isolated from a carbendazim manufacturing wastewater treatment system. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of djl-10, which consists of a chromosome and three plasmids.
Complete Genome and Plasmid Sequences of Staphylococcus aureus EDCC 5055 (DSM 28763), Used To Study Implant-Associated Infections
Authors: Mannala Gopala Krishna , Hain Torsten , Spröer Cathrin , Bunk Boyke , Overmann Jörg , Alt Volker , Domann Eugen
Published: February 2017

Staphylococcus aureus
EDCC 5055 (DSM 28763) is a human clinical wound isolate intensively used to study implant-associated infections in rabbit and rat infection models. Here, we report its complete genome sequence (2,794,437 bp) along with that of one plasmid (27,437 bp). This strain belongs to sequence type 8 and contains a
mecA
gene.
Genomic Sequence of Campylobacter jejuni subsp.
jejuni
HS:19 Penner Serotype Reference Strain RM3420
Authors: Parker Craig T. , Huynh Steven , Heikema Astrid P.
Published: February 2017

Campylobacter jejuni
subsp.
jejuni
infections are a leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis and the most prevalent antecedent to Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Penner serotype HS:19 is among several capsular types shown to be markers for GBS. This study describes the genome of
C. jejuni
subsp.
jejuni
HS:19 Penner reference strain RM3420.
Unexplored Archaeal Diversity in the Great Ape Gut Microbiome
Authors: Raymann Kasie , Moeller Andrew H. , Goodman Andrew L. , Ochman Howard
Published: February 2017

Our findings show that
Archaea
are a habitual and vital component of human and great ape gut microbiomes but are largely ignored on account of the failure of previous studies to realize their full diversity. Here we report unprecedented levels of archaeal diversity in great ape gut microbiomes, exceeding that detected by conventional 16S rRNA gene surveys. Paralleling what has been reported for bacteria, there is a vast reduction of archaeal diversity in humans. Our study demonstrates that archaeal diversity in the great ape gut microbiome greatly exceeds that reported previously and provides the basis for further studies on the role of archaea in the gut microbiome.
Harmful alcohol use among injured adult patients presenting to a Ghanaian emergency department
Authors: Gardner Andrew , Forson Paa Kobina , Oduro George , Djan Doreen , Adu Kwame Ofori , Ofori-Anti Kwasi , Maio Ronald F
Published: February 2017

We performed a nested convenience sample survey of harmful alcohol use among injured patients aged 18 years and older treated in the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (Kumasi, Ghana) emergency department (ED). Data from the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, alcohol breath or saliva tests, patient demographics and injury characteristics were collected from an administered survey and medical chart review. A total of 403 subjects were surveyed, and 107 (27%; 95% CI 22 to 31) reported harmful alcohol use. High rates of harmful alcohol use were found among males (35%), acutely alcohol-positive subjects (55%), drivers (32%), pedestrians (35%) and assault victims (43%). A substantial proportion of injured patients reported harmful alcohol use. The data obtained support routine screening of injured patients presenting to Ghanaian EDs for harmful alcohol use.
Association between maternal depression and anxiety episodes and rates of childhood injuries: a cohort study from England
Authors: Baker Ruth , Kendrick Denise , Tata Laila J , Orton Elizabeth
Published: February 2017

Background

Maternal depression is common and associated with several child health outcomes. The impact on childhood injuries is underexplored, with existing studies relying on maternal reporting of injury occurrences. Using population healthcare databases from England, we assessed the association between maternal depression and/or anxiety episodes and rates of child poisonings, fractures, burns and serious injuries.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study of 207 048 mother-child pairs with linked primary care and hospitalisation data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics, 1998–2013. Episodes of maternal depression and/or anxiety were identified using diagnoses, prescriptions and hospitalisations, with the child's follow-up time divided into exposed and unexposed periods. Adjusted IRRs (aIRR) for child injury during maternal mental health episodes were estimated using Poisson regression.

Results

54 702 children (26.4%) were exposed to maternal depression and/or anxiety when aged 0–4 years. During follow-up, 2614 poisonings, 6088 fractures and 4201 burns occurred. Child poisoning rates increased during episodes of maternal depression (aIRR 1.52, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.76), depression with anxiety (2.30, 1.93 to 2.75) and anxiety alone (1.63, 1.09 to 2.43). Similarly, rates of burns (1.53, 1.29 to 1.81) and fractures (1.24, 1.06 to 1.44) were greatest during depression with anxiety episodes. There was no association between maternal depression and/or anxiety and serious child injuries.

Conclusions

Maternal depression and/or anxiety episodes were associated with increased rates of child poisonings, fractures and burns. While mechanisms are unclear, prompt identification and treatment of maternal depression and/or anxiety and provision of safety advice (eg, safe medication storage) may reduce child injury risk.
Outcomes in mothers with rheumatic diseases and their offspring workshop
Authors: Neville Autumn , Bernatsky Sasha , Kuriya Bindee , Bujold Emmanuel , Chakravarty Eliza , Platt Robert W , Bérard Anick , Vinet Évelyne
Published: February 2017

This conference report describes six presentations that were given during a Canadian Institutes for Health Research-funded workshop. The goal of the workshop was to discuss key knowledge gaps in the study of outcomes in mothers with rheumatic diseases and their offspring. Presentations focused on epidemiological and methodological issues associated with the reproductive and perinatal health of women with rheumatic diseases. Discussions of relevant recent research allowed for discovery of potential data sources that could facilitate interdisciplinary research and created the opportunity for future collaborations.
Fecal DNA, hormones, and pellet morphometrics as a noninvasive method to estimate age class: an application to wild populations of Central Mountain and Boreal woodland caribou (Rangifertaranduscaribou)
Authors: Flasko Amy , Manseau Micheline , Mastromonaco Gabriela , Bradley Mark , Neufeld Lalenia , Wilson Paul
Published: February 2017

Determining age structure of populations is a valuable parameter in wildlife management, but is often difficult to obtain. Here, we tested a noninvasive method via fecal DNA, hormones, and pellet morphometrics to distinguish calf from adult in Central Mountain and Boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) populations. Annual surveys of fall-sampled Central Mountain caribou were done in Jasper National Park, Alberta, between 2006 and 2011 and winter-sampled Boreal caribou were surveyed in the North Interlake area, Manitoba, between 2004 and 2010. Samples were amplified at 10 microsatellite loci to identify unique individuals and capture histories were used to identify putative calves and adults. Fecal pellets were measured for length, width, depth, dry mass, and analyzed for progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone concentrations. Results showed significant differences in fecal pellet size between putative calves and adults for both sexes and populations–seasons. Progesterone concentration was significantly higher in Jasper–fall and North Interlake–winter adult females. Testosterone was significantly higher in Jasper–fall adult males. North Interlake–winter males exhibited no significant difference in hormone concentrations between age classes. When applied to the entire Jasper data set, 98% of females and 88% of males were assigned to an age class. This study illustrates the possibilities of using noninvasive methods to determine an age class in wild ungulate populations.
Forecast Information Sharing for Managing Supply Chains in the Big Data Era: Recent Development and Future Research
Authors: Shen Bin , Chan Hau-Ling
Published: February 2017

Sharing forecast information helps supply chain parties to better match demand and supply. The extant literature has shown that sharing forecast information improves supply chain performance. In the big data era, supply chain managers have the ability to deal with a massive amount of data by big data technologies and analytics. Big data technologies and analytics provide more accurate forecast information and give an opportunity to transform business models. In this paper, a comprehensive review on forecast information sharing for managing supply chain in the big data era is conducted. The value and obstacles of sharing forecast information are discussed. Given the sufficient data, the appropriate approaches of analyzing and sharing forecast information are highlighted. Insights on the current state of knowledge in each respective area are discussed and some associated pertinent challenges are explored. Inspired by various timely and important issues, future research directions are suggested.
Impacts of Leader–Follower Structure on Pricing and Production Strategies in a Decentralized Assembly System
Authors: Li Guo , Mao Hui , Xiao Lei
Published: February 2017

The last decade has witnessed an increase in the number of big-data-based businesses, in particular for those industries with complicated supply chain structure. This paper investigates the pricing and production strategies in a decentralized supply chain composed of a manufacturer, a key supplier, and a general supplier. We establish two different leader–follower structure models. One is the key supplier–leader game, in which the key supplier decides the prices for the other two components, and the manufacturer and general supplier determine the order and production quantities, respectively. The other model is the manufacturer–leader game, in which the manufacturer offers the prices for the other two components, and the suppliers determine the product quantities. We show that equilibrium price and production quantity under the key supplier–leader game are higher than those under the manufacturer–leader game. The key supplier–leader game is suitable for the channel. Moreover, we show that channel payoff has a non-monotonic relation with the production cost of suppliers; it initially increases and then decreases with production costs.
An Evolutionary Behavior Forecasting Model for Online Lenders and Borrowers in Peer-to-Peer Lending
Authors: Liu Wei , Xia Li-Qiu
Published: February 2017

Online peer-to-peer (P2P) lending is an emerging financial mode that combines the Internet with private lending to provide unsecured lending among individuals. The interest rate and risk depend on online lenders and borrowers’ behavior choices and game in the context of P2P lending. In this paper, we propose an evolutionary behavior forecasting model for online participants based on the risk preference behavior of lenders and the credit choice of borrowers. We highlight four evolutionary equilibrium states of online lenders and borrowers’ behavior and their effects on the risk of online P2P lending platforms. We run a numeric experiment using the Paipaidai platform in China as a case and find that the evolutionary behavior of online lenders and borrowers is determined by the mutual effect of the interest rate, information gathering cost, borrowing cost, and yield rate. This paper uses evolutionary game methodology to analyze online P2P lending behavior in China and explores P2P fund success from the dual perspective of lenders and borrowers.
Computations of quandle 2-cocycle knot invariants without explicit 2-cocycles
Authors: Clark W. Edwin , Dunning Larry A. , Saito Masahico
Published: February 2017

We explore a knot invariant derived from colorings of corresponding [Formula: see text]-tangles with arbitrary connected quandles. When the quandle is an abelian extension of a certain type the invariant is equivalent to the quandle [Formula: see text]-cocycle invariant. We construct many such abelian extensions using generalized Alexander quandles without explicitly finding [Formula: see text]-cocycles. This permits the construction of many [Formula: see text]-cocycle invariants without exhibiting explicit [Formula: see text]-cocycles. We show that for connected generalized Alexander quandles the invariant is equivalent to Eisermann’s knot coloring polynomial. Computations using this technique show that the [Formula: see text]-cocycle invariant distinguishes all of the oriented prime knots up to 11 crossings and most oriented prime knots with 12 crossings including classification by symmetry: mirror images, reversals, and reversed mirrors.
RIGID MUSCULOSKELETAL MODELS OF THE HUMAN BODY SYSTEMS: A REVIEW
Authors: Dao Tien Tuan
Published: February 2017

Advancing the knowledge of the biomechanics of the human body is essential to improve the clinical decision-makings of musculoskeletal disorders in the framework of in silico medicine. An impressive number of research projects focused on the development of rigid-body musculoskeletal models have been conducted over the world thanks to the new research directives. However, the application of these models in clinical practices remains a challenging issue. The objective of this review paper was to present the most current rigid-body musculoskeletal models of the human body systems and to analyze their trends and weaknesses for clinical applications. Then, recommendations were proposed for future researches toward fully clinical decision support. A systematic review process was performed. Well-selected studies related to the most current rigid-body 3D musculoskeletal models for each body system component (jaw, cervical spine, upper limbs, lumbar spine, and lower limbs) were summarized and explored. Trends in rigid musculoskeletal modeling are highlighted as personalization, new imaging techniques for specific joint kinematics, and computational efficiency. Weaknesses are highlighted as modeling assumptions, use of generic model, lack of modeling consensus, model validation, and parameter and model uncertainties. Future directions related to joint and muscle modeling, neuro-musculoskeletal modeling, model validation, data and model uncertainty quantification are recommended.
Short-term regular aerobic exercise reduces oxidative stress produced by acute high intraluminal pressure in the adipose microvasculature
Authors: Robinson Austin T. , Fancher Ibra S. , Sudhahar Varadarajan , Bian Jing Tan , Cook Marc D. , Mahmoud Abeer M. , Ali Mohamed M. , Ushio-Fukai Masuko , Brown Michael D. , Fukai Tohru , Phillips Shane A.
Published: February 2017

High blood pressure has been shown to elicit impaired dilation in the vasculature. The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the mechanisms through which high pressure may elicit vascular dysfunction and determine the mechanisms through which regular aerobic exercise protects arteries against high pressure. Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 2 wk of voluntary running (~6 km/day) for comparison with sedentary controls. Hindlimb adipose resistance arteries were dissected from mice for measurements of flow-induced dilation (FID; with or without high intraluminal pressure exposure) or protein expression of NADPH oxidase II (NOX II) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Microvascular endothelial cells were subjected to high physiological laminar shear stress (20 dyn/cm2) or static condition and treated with ANG II + pharmacological inhibitors. Cells were analyzed for the detection of ROS or collected for Western blot determination of NOX II and SOD. Resistance arteries from exercised mice demonstrated preserved FID after high pressure exposure, whereas FID was impaired in control mouse arteries. Inhibition of ANG II or NOX II restored impaired FID in control mouse arteries. High pressure increased superoxide levels in control mouse arteries but not in exercise mouse arteries, which exhibited greater ability to convert superoxide to H2O2. Arteries from exercised mice exhibited less NOX II protein expression, more SOD isoform expression, and less sensitivity to ANG II. Endothelial cells subjected to laminar shear stress exhibited less NOX II subunit expression. In conclusion, aerobic exercise prevents high pressure-induced vascular dysfunction through an improved redox environment in the adipose microvasculature.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We describe potential mechanisms contributing to aerobic exercise-conferred protection against high intravascular pressure. Subcutaneous adipose microvessels from exercise mice express less NADPH oxidase (NOX) II and more superoxide dismutase (SOD) and demonstrate less sensitivity to ANG II. In microvascular endothelial cells, shear stress reduced NOX II but did not influence SOD expression.

Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/exercise-averts-high-pressure-induced-vascular-dysfunction/ .
Potential Targets' Analysis Reveals Dual PI3K/mTOR Pathway Inhibition as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Uterine Leiomyosarcomas—an ENITEC Group Initiative
Authors: Cuppens Tine , Annibali Daniela , Coosemans An , Trovik Jone , ter Haar Natalja , Colas Eva , Garcia-Jimenez Angel , Van de Vijver Koen , Kruitwagen Roy P.M. , Brinkhuis Mariël , Zikan Michal , Dundr Pavel , Huvila Jutta , Carpén Olli , Haybaeck Johannes , Moinfar Farid , Salvesen Helga B. , Stukan Maciej , Mestdagh Carole , Zweemer Ronald P. , Massuger Leonardus F. , Mallmann Michael R. , Wardelmann Eva , Mints Miriam , Verbist Godelieve , Thomas Debby , Gommé Ellen , Hermans Els , Moerman Philippe , Bosse Tjalling , Amant Frédéric
Published: February 2017

Purpose: Uterine sarcomas are rare and heterogeneous tumors characterized by an aggressive clinical behavior. Their high rates of recurrence and mortality point to the urgent need for novel targeted therapies and alternative treatment strategies. However, no molecular prognostic or predictive biomarkers are available so far to guide choice and modality of treatment.

Experimental Design: We investigated the expression of several druggable targets (phospho-S6S240 ribosomal protein, PTEN, PDGFR-α, ERBB2, and EGFR) in a large cohort of human uterine sarcoma samples (288), including leiomyosarcomas, low-grade and high-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas, undifferentiated uterine sarcomas, and adenosarcomas, together with 15 smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP), 52 benign uterine stromal tumors, and 41 normal uterine tissues. The potential therapeutic value of the most promising target, p-S6S240, was tested in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) leiomyosarcoma models.

Results: In uterine sarcomas and STUMPs, S6S240 phosphorylation (reflecting mTOR pathway activation) was associated with higher grade (P = 0.001) and recurrence (P = 0.019), as shown by logistic regression. In addition, p-S6S240 correlated with shorter progression-free survival (P = 0.034). Treatment with a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor significantly reduced tumor growth in 4 of 5 leiomyosarcoma PDX models (with tumor shrinkage in 2 models). Remarkably, the 4 responding models showed basal p-S6S240 expression, whereas the nonresponding model was scored as negative, suggesting a role for p-S6S240 in response prediction to PI3K/mTOR inhibition.

Conclusions: Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition represents an effective therapeutic strategy in uterine leiomyosarcoma, and p-S6S240 expression is a potential predictive biomarker for response to treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 23(5); 1274–85. ©2017 AACR.
Evidence of Placentophagia and Mother-Infant Cannibalism in Free-Ranging Macaca mulatta tcheliensis in Mount Taihangshan, Jiyuan, China
Authors: Tian Jundong , Zhang Shiqiang , Guo Yongman , Garber Paul A. , Guo Weijie , Kuang San’ao , Lu Jiqi
Published: February 2017

Placentophagia or the consumption of the afterbirth is reported in many primate species, whereas cannibalism is a relatively rare event. Based on our field observations over the course of 3 years, we present evidence of placentophagia and mother-infant cannibalism in a free-ranging population of the Taihangshan macaque, Macaca mulatta tcheliensis, in the Mt. Taihangshan area, Jiyuan, Henan, China. We documented 1 case in which a mother consumed the afterbirth of her infant. In a second instance, we observed a fresh placenta discarded on the ground by an unknown individual. We also present a description of the first documented instance of mother-infant cannibalism in the same group of free-ranging rhesus macaques.
Transabdominal Amniocentesis Is a Feasible and Safe Procedure in Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Musilova Ivana , Bestvina Tomas , Stranik Jaroslav , Stepan Martin , Jacobsson Bo , Kacerovsky Marian
Published: February 2017

Objectives: To determine the feasibility and the complication rate of amniocentesis in a large cohort of women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in all women with singleton gestation complicated by PPROM at between 24+0 and 36+6 weeks admitted to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic between May 2008 and July 2016. Amniocentesis was offered as a part of a routine protocol of PPROM for the detection of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and intra-amniotic inflammation. Procedure was performed under ultrasound guidance. A successful procedure was defined as obtaining at least 0.5 mL of amniotic fluid. No more than 2 attempts were performed. Results: In total, 590 women with PPROM were included. Amniocentesis was successful in 96% (567/590). Two amniocentesis attempts were necessary in 9% (55/590) and the transplacental approach was used in 13% (76/590). No association between gestational age at sampling and the amniocentesis failure rate was found (Spearman rho -0.12; p = 0.71). The complication rate was 0.7% (4/590). Two umbilical cord punctures and 2 chorionic plate fetal vessel injuries occurred, without fetal morbidity. Conclusion: Based on our study population, so far the largest published, amniocentesis is a feasible and safe procedure carrying a very low risk of failure or complications in PPROM.