bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Catfish Body Fat in the Diet of Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Setiawati Mia , Nuraeni C. , Jusadi D.
Published: February 2017

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of catfish body fat in the diet on the growth of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Twenty fishes with an initial body weight of 5.0±0.03 g were cultured in 100-ℓ rectangular aquaria for 58 days.  The fishes were fed on the diet contained lipid from catfish at a dosage of  either 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 or 6%.  The results showed that lipid dosage in the diet insignificantly affected feed efficiency, (73.25-81.96%), protein retention (45.57-51.56%), daily growth rate (4.05-4.29%), and survival rate of fish (98.33-100%).  However, n-3 fatty acids of fish muscle elevated as the dosage of body fat of catfish in the diet increased. Therefore, it can be concluded that lipid from catfish can be used as a fat source in the diet of tilapia.

Keywords: lipid, tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat penggunaan lemak patin dalam pakan buatan terhadap pertumbuhan ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus. Dua puluh ekor ikan nila dengan bobot rata-rata 5±0,03 g ditebar ke dalam akuarium 60x50x40 cm. Ikan dipelihara selama 58 hari. Selama masa budidaya, ikan diberi lima jenis pakan berkadar protein 28% yang mengandung lemak patin pada kadar 0, 1,5, 3, 4,5 atau 6%.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan lemak patin pada pakan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap nilai efisiensi pakan (73,25-81,96%), retensi protein (45,57-51,56%), laju pertumbuhan harian (4,05-4,29%) dan kelangsungan hidup ikan (98,33-100%). Namun, semakin meningkatnya kandungan lemak patin di dalam pakan berakibat pada semakin tingginya kandungan asam lemak n-3 di dalam daging ikan. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa lemak patin dapat digunakan sebagai sumber lemak tambahan dalam pakan buatan ikan nila.

Kata kunci:  lemak, ikan nila, Oreochromis niloticus
Feeding Broodstock on a Diet Containing Vitamin E and Fish Oil Improve Eggs and Larval Quality of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Darwisito S. , Junior M. Zairin , Sjafei D.S. , Manalu W. , Sudrajat A. Oman
Published: February 2017

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E and n-3 fatty acids on the gonad maturation, egg and larva quality of Nile tilapia. Fish were treated by various combinations of dietary dosage of vitamin E (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg feed) and fish oil (10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg feed). Three hundreds and twenty pairs of broodstock fish (female at stage of maturity II) were selected and used for this experiment. Fish were fed on the experimental diets three times a day at satiation. The tested of parameters such as gonad somatic index, egg diameter, fecundity, number of spawned fish, hatching rate, and survival rate. Results of the experiment indicated that supplementation of vitamin E and fish oil stimulated gonad development and increased fecundity, hatching rate and survival rate of Nile tilapia larva. Combination of vitamin E 150 mg/kg feed and fish oil 30 g/kg feed significantly improved egg and larva quality of Nile tilapia. Thus, combination of vitamin E in 150 mg/kg diet with fish oil in dose 30 g/kg diet give the best reproduction performance.

Keywords: Nile tilapia,  fish oil, vitamin E, reproduction performance

 

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kadar kombinasi vitamin E dan asam lemak esensial n-3 untuk pematangan gonad, kualitas telur dan larva ikan nila. Adapun dosis dari masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari 4 taraf. Untuk vitamin E yaitu: 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg,  dan 200 mg/kg pakan  sedangkan minyak ikan yaitu: 10 g/kg, 20 g/kg, 30 g/kg dan 40 g/kg pakan. Ikan uji yang digunakan sebanyak 320 ekor induk betina dan 320 ekor induk jantan dan diseleksi.  Setiap hari ikan diberi pakan uji 2 kali sehari (pagi dan sore) secara at satiation. Selama periode pemeliharaan parameter yang diamati meliputi: indeks gonad somatik, diameter telur, fekunditas, jumlah induk yang memijah, derajat tetas telur, dan ketahanan hidup larva. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pakan dengan kombinasi dosis vitamin E 150 mg/kg dan minyak ikan 30 g/kg memberi respons terhadap perkembangan gonad, fekunditas, derajat tetas telur dan ketahanan hidup larva ikan nila.  Kombinasi vitamin E 150 mg/kg dan minyak ikan 30 g/kg pakan memberi pengaruh signifikan dalam meningkatkan kualitas telur dan larva ikan nila. Dengan demikian, kombinasi vitamin E 150 mg/kg dan minyak ikan 30 g/kg pakan adalah memberi hasil terbaik pada performa reproduksi.
 Kata kunci: ikan nila, minyak ikan, vitamin E, performa reproduksi
Inhibitory Mechanism of Robiotic Bacteria on The Growth of Vibrio harveyi in Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Larvae
Authors: Widanarni . , Ayuzar E. , Sukenda .
Published: February 2017

Three probiotics named SKT-b, 1Ub, and Ua had inhibitory activity against the growth of Vibrio harveyi. These strains were mutated by rifampicin resistant. The inhibitory effect of SKT-b,1Ub, and Ua on the growth of V. harveyi was investigated by concomitant incubation of the two bacteria in a culture shrimp larvae. Colony forming unit of V. harveyi, probiotic and total of bacteria in dead, live larvae and water culture was monitored, and survival rate of larvae was investigated. Shrimp inoculated probiotic previously had survival rate higher than control (without probiotic). Number of V. harveyi in treatment without probiotic inoculation also higher compared to treatment with probiotic inoculation in dead, live larvae and water culture.  It demonstrated possible inhibition of probiotic bacteria on V. harveyi through competition for adherence sites or nutrition source. Partial sequencing of 16S-rRNA gene showed that 1Ub was similar to Pseudoalteromonas piscicida, whereas SKT-b and Ua were similar to Vibrio alginolyticus.

Keywords: probiotic bacteria, inhibitory mechanism, V. harveyi, tiger shrimp

 

ABSTRAK

Tiga isolat bakteri probiotik yaitu 1Ub, SKT-b dan Ua telah diuji memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap pertumbuhan V. harveyi secara in vitro. Ketiga isolat ini kemudian diberi penanda resisten rifampisin (RfR) melalui mutasi spontan untuk mempelajari mekanisme penghambatannya pada larva udang windu.  Efek penghambatan dari 1Ub, SKT-b dan Ua terhadap pertumbuhan V. harveyi diamati melalui pemberian secara bersamaan antara bakteri probiotik dan V. harveyi tersebut dalam air pemeliharaan larva udang.  Jumlah sel bakteri probiotik, V. harveyi dan total bakteri baik pada larva mati, larva hidup dan air pemeliharaan diamati dan kelangsungan hidup larva dihitung.  Nilai kelangsungan hidup udang pada perlakuan yang diinokulasi bakteri probiotik lebih tinggi daripada kontrol (tanpa penambahan bakteri probiotik). Jumlah sel V. harveyi pada perlakuan tanpa penambahan probiotik juga lebih tinggi, dibanding pada perlakuan dengan penambahan probiotik baik pada larva mati, larva hidup maupun air media pemeliharaan. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya penghambatan bakteri probiotik terhadap V. harveyi yang kemungkinan melalui kompetisi tempat pelekatan atau sumber nutrisi. Hasil analisis sekuen sebagian gen 16-rRNA menunjukkan bahwa isolat 1Ub termasuk spesies Pseudoalteromonas piscicida, sedangkan SKT-b dan Ua termasuk spesies Vibrio alginolyticus. 

Kata kunci: bakteri probiotik, mekanisme penghambatan, V. harveyi, udang windu
Potency of Garlic (Allium sativum) Extract Against Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia Disease Caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in Pangasionodon hypophthalmus
Authors: Yuhana M. , Normalina I. , Sukenda .
Published: February 2017

An infectious disease caused by motile members of the genus Aeromonas, is among the most common diseases of fish cultured in freshwater, including the Thai catfish, Pangasionodon hypophthalmus. Motile aeromonad infections have been recognized for many years by various names, including motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS), motile aeromonad infection (MAI), hemorrhagic septicemia, red pest, and red sore. In our experiment, we study the potency of a phytopharmacia agent, garlic extract for prevention and curing off the experimental infections by Aeromonas hydrophila. In series of in vitro assays, the garlic extract showed inhibition capacity on the bacterial growth. The extract dosage of 25 mg/ml (2.5 g/l) was found to be the most effective among other dosages i.e 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, respectively. Whereas in an in vivo assay using 25 mg/ml, it showed to be the most effective dosage for prevention against the intramuscularly experimental injection of A. hydrophila rather than as a curing agent.

Keywords:  Pangasionodon hypophthalmus, Allium sativum, dan Aeromonas.

 

ABSTRAK

Salah satu penyakit yang sering menyerang ikan patin (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus) dan ikan air tawar lainnya adalah penyakit MAS (Motile Aeromonad Septicemia). Penyakit ini juga dikenal sebagai penyakit bercak merah yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila dan mudah menular. Secara in vitro, ekstrak bawang putih (Allium sativum) berpotensi sebagai antibakteri yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri A. hydrophila. Dosis ekstrak bawang putih sebesar 25 mg/ml (2,5 g/l) merupakan dosis  yang efektif untuk menghambat pertumbuhan A. hydrophila pada uji in vitro. Pada uji in vivo ekstrak bawang putih yang disuntikkan terhadap ikan patin, dengan dosis ekstrak sebesar 25 mg/ml (2,5 g/l) menunjukkan hasil yang lebih efektif dalam mencegah infeksi A. hydrophila dibandingkan pengobatan.
 Kata kunci: patin, Pangasionodon hypophthalmus, bawang putih, Allium sativum, MAS dan Aeromonas.
Effect of Stocking Density on Growth and Survival Rate of Giant Gouramy (Osphrenemus gouramy Lac.) Seed
Authors: Sarah S. , Widanarni . , Sudrajat Agus Oman
Published: February 2017

This experiment was conducted to study the stocking density effect on growth and survival rate of giant gouramy seed in the aquarium. Fish were stocked at the density of 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10 individual/l with average initial weight and length were 0.013 g and 5.56 mm, respectively. Fish were fed with silkworm (Tubifex sp.) ad libitum in the morning and evening for 22 days of experiment. Aquarium was siphoned and water was changed everyday for maintaining good water quality. Result showed that survival rate remain high in all treatment (93.5 - 95.5%). Increasing stocking density from 2.5 to 10 individual/I did not affect survival rate. On the other hand growth rate and feed efficiency decreased, while fish yield increased. Stocking density of 2,5 individual/l gave  the highest daily growth rate, individual growth rate, growth in length and feed efficiency of 12.94%, 0.0081 g/day, 16.84 mm and 12.51%; respectively. The highest value for fish yield (0,0360 g/l/day) was obtained from stocking density of 10 individual/l

Key words: stocking density, seed, survival rate, growth rate, giant gouramy Osphrenemus goramy

 

ABSTRAK

Keterbatasan pengadaan benih ikan gurame (Osphronemus gourame Lac.) disebabkan oleh tidak seimbangnya jumlah benih yang tersedia dengan kebutuhan usaha pembesaran. Teknik pembenihan yang digunakan sampai saat ini relatif sederhana dengan cara tradisional. Pemeliharaan gurame secara terkontrol di akuarium dapat menjawab tantangan dalam teknologi pembenihan gurame sekaligus sebagai sarana pola budidaya secara bertahap yang sedang berkembang saat ini. Produksi yang tinggi akan dicapai dengan pemeliharaan pada kepadatan yang tinggi. Pada keadaan lingkungan yang baik dan pakan yang mencukupi, peningkatan kepadatan akan disertai dengan peningkatan hasil. Jumlah ikan yang ditebar pada penelitian ini disesuaikan berdasarkan perlakuan yaitu 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 dan 10 ekor/l. Pengamatan terhadap ikan dilakukan sampai hari ke-22. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kepadatan 2,5 - 10 ekor/l pada pemeliharaan benih gurame di akuarium mempengaruhi pertumbuhan, hasil dan efisiensi pakan, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan hidup. Dengan meningkatnya padat penebaran, laju pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan semakin menurun, sedangkan hasil (yield) semakin meningkat. Padat penebaran 2,5 ekor/l menghasilkan laju pertumbuhan harian, laju pertumbuhan individu, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak dan efisiensi pakan tertinggi, masing-masing mencapai 12,94 %, 0,0081 g/hari, 16,84 mm dan 12,51 %. Sedangkan nilai tertinggi untuk hasil (yield) sebesar 0,0360 g/l/hari diperoleh pada padat penebaran 10,0 ekor/l.

Kata kunci : padat tebar, pembenihan, gurame dan Osphronemus gouramy
Peningkatan kinerja pelayanan publik melalui peningkatan motivasi spiritual
Authors: Mujib Mujib , Kurniasih Denok , Rokhman Ali
Published: February 2017

Officer's performance in Regional Disaster Relief Agency (Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah) Kebumen Regency, based on the existing data in the field, is not yet optimum. This circumstance was related to threefactors namely ability, working discipline, and spiritual motivation. This research aimed to analyze the influence of ability, working discipline, and spiritual motivation toward officers performance in BPBD of Kebumen Regency. The research method used was quantitative analysis, the data obtained by givingquestionnaire, answers were analyzed by multiple linier regression to determine the relations between independent variables: the ability, working discipline, and spiritual motivation with the dependent variable wasperformance. After analyzing three variables, it was found that performance of Civil Servant on Regional Disaster Management Agency Kebumen was good. The result showed that the ability (X1) influenced performance of Civil Servant on Regional Disaster Management Agency Kebumen with percentage of 37.7%;working discipline (X2) influenced performance of Civil Servant on Regional Disaster Management Agency Kebumen with percentage of 72.3%; spiritual motivation infuenced performance of Civil Servant on Regional Disaster Management Agency Kebumen up to 66.1%. The result also showed positive relations between three variables, as those variables were impactful in significant way. Finally; ability, working discipline and spiritual motivation influenced overall performance of Civil Servant on Regional Disaster Management Agency Kebumen up to 78.3%. It means that the greater level of ability, working discipline and spiritual motivation resulted to a greater level performance of Civil Servant on Regional Disaster Management Agency Kebumen, and vice versa.
Impact of Lower Screening TSH Cutoff Level on the Increasing Incidence of Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Anastasovska Violeta , Kocova Mirjana
Published: February 2017

Lower cutoff levels in screening programs have led to an increase in the proportion of detected cases with transient hypothyroidism, leading to increase of the overall incidence of primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in several countries. We have performed retrospective evaluation on the data from 251,008 (96.72%) neonates screened for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level in dried blood spot specimens taken 48 hours after birth, between 2002 and 2015, using DELFIA method. A TSH value of 15 mIU/L was used as the cutoff point until 2010 and 10 mIU/L thereafter. Primary CH was detected in 127 newborns (1/1976) of which 81.1% had permanent and 18.9% had transient CH. The incidence of primary CH was increased from 1/2489 until to 2010 to 1/1585 thereafter (p=0.131). However, the incidence of permanent CH was slightly increased (p=0.922), while the transient CH incidence had 8-fold increasing after lowering the TSH cutoff level (p<0.001). In cases with permanent CH, we observed lower frequency for thyroid dysgenesis (82.7 vs. 66.7%) and higher frequency for normal in-situ thyroid gland (17.3 vs. 33.3%), for the period with reduced TSH cutoff value. Our findings support the impact of lower TSH cutoff on the increasing incidence of congenital hypothyroidism.
Chave de identificação dos peixes de riachos da Serra do Japi (Apas Jundiaí­­-Cabreúva/SP)
Authors: YOSHIDA Claudia Eiko , ROLLA Ana Paula Pozzo Rios , UIEDA Virginia Sanches , ESTEVES Katharina Eichbaum
Published: February 2017

Cerca de 70% das espécies de peixes listadas como ameaçadas no Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira não apresentam registros dentro de unidades de conservação (UCs). Informações que contribuam para a identificação e com aspectos da ecologia das espécies são essenciais para a manutenção do patrimônio natural, subsidiando tanto a gestão quanto a fiscalização destas áreas. Para tanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi compilar informações existentes na literatura sobre a ictiofauna de riachos da UC Serra do Japi e elaborar uma chave de identificação das espécies de peixes da região. A chave foi montada a partir das caracterí­­sticas de 31 espécies da bacia do Alto Rio Paraná, incluindo espécies endêmicas de riachos de cabeceira, bem como três espécies ameaçadas de extinção no Estado de São Paulo - Characidium oiticicai, Pareiorhina cf. rudolphi e Pseudocorynopoma heterandria.
Toxicidade do nitrito para o camarão Litopenaeus vannamei cultivado em sistemas de água clara e bioflocos
Authors: MELO Fabiana Penalva de , FERREIRA Maria Gabriela Padilha , BRAGA Ítalo Felipe Mascena , CORREIA Eudes de Souza
Published: February 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade do nitrito sobre o crescimento, sobrevivência e quantidade de hemócitos totais na hemolinfa de juvenis do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei (1,60Â±0,06 g) submetidos a diferentes concentrações de N-nitrito e dois sistemas de cultivo. Os camarões foram distribuí­­dos em 24 unidades experimentais (área de 0,20 m2 e volume útil de 30 L), numa densidade de 75 camarões m-2, em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x2, com quatro concentrações de N-nitrito (0-Controle, 10, 20 e 40 mg N-NO2 L-1) e dois sistemas de cultivo (água clara e bioflocos). Os juvenis de L. vannamei foram alimentados com ração comercial (35% proteí­­na bruta). As concentrações de N-NO2 influenciaram significativamente (P<0,05) o peso final (1,71 a 3,36 g), a sobrevivência (40,7 a 96,3 %) e a taxa de crescimento especí­­fico (0,15 a 2,42 % dia-1). A interação entre as concentrações de N-nitrito e os sistemas de cultivo não influenciaram significativamente (Pâ"°¥0,05) a quantidade total de hemócitos.  Desta forma, é possí­­vel cultivar o camarão L. vannamei em concentrações de até 20 mg N-NO2 L-1 por um perí­­odo de 30 dias sem comprometer o crescimento e a sobrevivência.
Seleção de fêmeas de pacu para indução hormonal: efeito da idade e dos métodos de avaliação
Authors: SCHORER Marianne , MOREIRA Renata Guimarães , BATLOUNI Sergio Ricardo
Published: February 2017

Neste estudo, investigamos o ciclo reprodutivo e a época de desova de fêmeas "velhasââ‚¬Â (FVs) e fêmeas "jovensââ‚¬Â (FJs) de P. mesopotamicus, visando melhorar o processo de seleção de peixes para a indução hormonal. Avaliamos também a acurácia do uso de caracterí­­sticas corporais externas para a seleção de fêmeas para indução hormonal. Para isso, 60 FVs e 60 FJs (10 e quatro anos, respectivamente) foram submetidas a sete amostragens durante dois ciclos reprodutivos. Em cada amostra, as fêmeas (cinco a 10 por tratamento) foram capturadas para avaliação das concentrações plasmáticas de esteroides gonadais e composição dos ovários (biópsias e estereologia). As fêmeas foram também submetidas í­Â  uma avaliação externa relativa í­Â  espessura abdominal, o grau de rigidez abdominal e o aspecto da papila urogenital. Exceto pela ocorrência de concentrações reduzidas de 17Î±-hidroxiprogesterona nas FVs, durante a época de desova, observamos que FVs e FJs , mantidas em cativeiro, apresentam ciclos reprodutivos e épocas de desova similares (em dezembro para ambos os grupos). Não recomendamos o uso exclusivo da avaliação externa para a seleção de reprodutores para indução a desova, devido a uma imprecisão dos dados e falta de associação destes com a histologia e biópsia de ovário, os quais são mais precisos e confiáveis.
Pesca artesanal no municí­­pio de Humaitá, Médio Rio Madeira, Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: LIMA Maria Alice Leite , FREITAS Carlos Edwar de Carvalho , MORAES Samuel Mendonça de , DORIA Carolina Rodrigues da Costa
Published: February 2017

A pesca artesanal possui grande expressão socioeconômica na região Amazônica. Contudo há lacunas no conhecimento sobre a atividade em pequenos centros urbanos, especialmente em áreas de influência de empreendimentos. O estudo objetivou: avaliar e identificar caracterí­­sticas da pesca e comparar o esforço, custos e rendimentos da frota pesqueira do municí­­pio de Humaitá, Amazonas. Analisou-se desembarques registrados pela Colônia de Pescadores e pela Universidade Federal de Rondônia, entre 2001 e 2013. A atividade é multiespecí­­fica e praticada em pequenas embarcações, canoas (média 7,53 metros) e barcos de pesca (média 11,5 metros). A produção variou entre 178t e 298t, CPUE média mensal entre 10 e 43 kg/pescador*dia e a renda mensal entre R$ 397,50 e R$ 2.375, para canoas motorizadas e barcos de pesca, respectivamente. Diferenças entre tipos de embarcações e caracterí­­sticas na atividade com outras regiões da bacia do rio Madeira reforçam a necessidade de monitoramento e estratégias de gestão diferenciadas.
Disaster Profile of India: A Theoretical Understanding of Regional and Seasonal Perspective
Authors: Shah Qurat-ul-Ain , Bhat Shabir A.
Published: February 2017

India’s unique geo-climatic position makes India particularly vulnerable to natural disasters. The regional and seasonal profile of India has been presented in this paper. The main objective of this paper is to illustrate and explain the basic understanding of various natural disasters happening in various parts of India. In this paper regional profile of India is taken into consideration wherein stress has been given on various disasters happening all over the country as per geographical location of the area. Author also explains seasonal profile of India in which focus is given on the various seasons and disasters associated with each seasonal cycle. 
Intra-Articular Vancomycin Powder Eliminates Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus in a Rat Model of a Contaminated Intra-Articular Implant
Authors: Edelstein Adam I. , Weiner Joseph A. , Cook Ralph W. , Chun Danielle S. , Monroe Emily , Mitchell Sean M. , Kannan Abhishek , Hsu Wellington K. , Stulberg S. David , Hsu Erin L.
Published: February 2017

Background:

Periprosthetic joint infection following hip and knee arthroplasty leads to poor outcomes and exorbitant costs. Topical vancomycin powder has been shown to decrease infection in many procedures such as spine surgery. The role of vancomycin powder in the setting of total joint arthroplasty remains undefined. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular vancomycin powder in preventing infection in a rat model of a contaminated intra-articular implant.

Methods:

Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent knee arthrotomy and implantation of a femoral intramedullary wire with 1 mm of intra-articular communication. The knee joint was also inoculated with 1.5 × 107colony forming units (CFU)/mL of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA). Four treatment groups were studied: (1) no antibiotics (control), (2) preoperative systemic vancomycin, (3) intra-articular vancomycin powder, and (4) both systemic vancomycin and intra-articular vancomycin powder. The animals were killed on postoperative day 6, and distal femoral bone, joint capsule, and the implanted wire were harvested for bacteriologic analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher exact tests.

Results:

There were no postoperative deaths, wound complications, signs of vancomycin-related toxicity, or signs of systemic illness in any of the treatment groups. There were significantly fewer positive cultures in the group that received vancomycin powder in combination with systemic vancomycin compared with the group that received systemic vancomycin alone (bone: 0% versus 75% of 8, p = 0.007; Kirschner wire: 0% versus 63% of 8, p = 0.026; whole animal: 0% versus 88% of 8, p = 0.01). Only animals that received both vancomycin powder and systemic vancomycin showed evidence of complete elimination of bacterial contamination.

Conclusions:

In a rat model of a contaminated intra-articular implant, use of intra-articular vancomycin powder in combination with systemic vancomycin completely eliminated MRSA bacterial contamination. Animals treated with systemic vancomycin alone had persistent MRSA contamination.

Clinical Relevance:

This animal study presents data suggesting that the use of intra-articular vancomycin powder for reducing the risk of periprosthetic joint infections should be investigated further in clinical studies.
Total Knee Arthroplasty After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Watters Tyler Steven , Zhen Yuan , Martin J. Ryan , Levy Daniel L. , Jennings Jason M. , Dennis Douglas A.
Published: February 2017

Background:

Despite the success of restoring joint stability and improving early functional outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, the long-term risk of developing symptomatic osteoarthritis requiring total knee arthroplasty is higher than that in the uninjured population. The purpose of this study was to compare operative characteristics and early outcomes of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty after ACL reconstruction with those of a matched cohort of control subjects with primary osteoarthritis and no history of ligament reconstruction.

Methods:

All patients who had undergone total knee arthroplasty from 2005 to 2013 at our institution with a history of ACL reconstruction and a minimum 2-year follow-up were identified from a prospective research database. These patients were matched by demographic and surgeon variables to patients who had not undergone prior ACL reconstruction. Outcomes included Knee Society Scores (KSS), range of motion, operative variables, complications, and reoperations.

Results:

A cohort of 122 patients was identified as the ACL study group and was compared with the matched control cohort. The mean age at the time of the surgical procedure was 58 years, and 55% of the patients were male. The mean follow-up was 3.3 years in the ACL group and 3.0 years in the control group. There was no significant difference in the latest KSS outcomes between groups postoperatively (p > 0.05). Although preoperative flexion was significantly lower (p = 0.01) in the ACL group (119°) than in the control group (123°), there was no difference between groups postoperatively. Fifty percent (61 of 122) of patients in the ACL group required implant removal at the time of total knee arthroplasty. The operative time was significantly longer (p < 0.001) in the ACL group (88 minutes) compared with the control group (73 minutes). There were a total of 11 reoperations in the ACL group, including 4 for periprosthetic infection, whereas there were only 2 reoperations in the control group. The risk of reoperation in the ACL group was more than 5 times higher than in the control group (relative risk, 5.5 [95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 24.3]; p = 0.01).

Conclusions:

The results of this retrospective matched cohort study suggest that prior ACL reconstruction results in longer operative time and increased risk of early reoperation after total knee arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Evaluation of First-Ray Mobility in Patients with Hallux Valgus Using Weight-Bearing CT and a 3-D Analysis System
Authors: Kimura Tadashi , Kubota Makoto , Taguchi Tetsuya , Suzuki Naoki , Hattori Asaki , Marumo Keishi
Published: February 2017

Background:

Some physicians report that patients with hallux valgus have hypermobility at the tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint of the first ray and 3-dimensional (3-D) deformity. With use of non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing computed tomography (CT), we evaluated the 3-D mobility of each joint of the first ray in feet with hallux valgus compared with normal feet.

Methods:

Ten feet of 10 patients with hallux valgus and 10 feet of 10 healthy volunteers with no foot disorders were examined. All participants were women. Weight-bearing (a load equivalent to body weight) and non-weight-bearing CT scans were made with use of a device that we developed. Orthogonal coordinate axes were set and a 3-D model was reconstructed. Each joint of the first ray was aligned with the respective proximal bone, and 3-D displacement of the distal bone relative to the proximal bone under loading was quantified.

Results:

At the talonavicular joint, significantly greater dorsiflexion of the navicular relative to the talus was observed in the hallux valgus group compared with the control group. At the medial cuneonavicular joint, the hallux valgus group showed significantly greater eversion and abduction of the medial cuneiform relative to the navicular. At the first TMT joint, the hallux valgus group showed significantly greater dorsiflexion, inversion, and adduction of the first metatarsal relative to the medial cuneiform. At the first metatarsophalangeal joint, the hallux valgus group showed significantly greater eversion and abduction of the first proximal phalanx relative to the first metatarsal (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The results of this study suggest that loading of the foot causes significant 3-D displacement not only at the TMT joint but also at the other joints of the first ray. There is increased mobility in the first ray in patients who have hallux valgus.
Nomos e narração
Authors: Cover Robert
Published: February 2017

O artigo seminal de Robert Cover, Nomos e narração, serviu de inspiração para gerações de juristas norte-americanos. Cover trabalha nesse texto as implicações entre normatividade e narratividade, tentando explicar o papel da violência praticada pelos juízes no desempenho de suas funções. Através de fontes bíblicas e da história social e jurídica do judaísmo, são analisadas as atuações dos tribunais diante do que Cover denomina “universos normativos” distintos daqueles das instituições oficiais. Toda essa intrincada construção teórica tem como finalidade estudar a fundo o que o autor julgou ser a mais importante decisão da Suprema Corte do ano de 1982, relativa ao caso Bob Jones University, que trata do desmantelamento estatal da segregação racial em escolas e universidades, num contexto de forte resistência religiosa por parte de determinadas comunidades. (Resumo elaborado pelo tradutor)
Derivation of flood frequency curves through a bivariate rainfall distribution based on copula functions: application to an urban catchment in northern Italy's climate
Authors: Balistrocchi M. , Bacchi B.
Published: February 2017

The utilization of continuous approaches, namely analytical-probabilistic methods, has often been advocated for hydraulic device sizing, in order to overcome some deficiencies of the design event method. In the analytical distribution derivation, however, strong simplifying hypotheses are usually adopted. Rainfall depth and duration independency is the most unrealistic, even if it usually leads to satisfactory agreements between derived and benchmarking distributions. The reason can lie in drawbacks related to conventional assessment techniques of multivariate rainfall distributions. Copula functions recently provided a significant improvement in statistical inference capabilities and greatly simplified the distribution assessment. Nonetheless, the generalization of the return period concept, well defined in the univariate case, to multivariate cases has not found a blanket solution yet. Effective estimate methods can, however, be developed for the design and performance assessment of specific hydraulic devices. With regard to urban catchment applications, a criterion to derive flood frequency curves from a rainfall volume and duration distribution is herein proposed. Further, a method to estimate the return period of bivariate rainfall events based on a device-targeted approach is developed. Hydrologic simulations are conducted to support model reliability through a test case, featuring a northern Italian rainfall regime.
Performance of two prevalent infiltration models for disturbed urban soils
Authors: Wang Xixi , Sample David J. , Pedram Shohreh , Zhao Xiao
Published: February 2017

Estimating infiltration losses is very important for calculating runoff and recharge. However, the accuracy of contemporary infiltration models for disturbed urban soils may not be adequate, potentially compromising calculations based upon them. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of the two most prevalent infiltration models, Horton and Green–Ampt, for applications in urban soils. The data were measured by the US Environmental Protection Agency in a large city for soils with various characteristics of texture, structure, age, compactness, and dryness/wetness. The results indicate both models performed better in predicting infiltration rates for clayey rather than sandy soils, for new rather than old soils, and for wet rather than dry soils. For the clayey soils, both models performed better for the noncompact than compact soils. The opposite was true for sandy soils. Overall, neither infiltration model performed well for most soils, with the sole exception of the new clayey, wet, noncompact soils. The generally poor performance of the models in disturbed soils will likely increase uncertainty in model predictions. This study demonstrates the need to develop improved, more robust infiltration algorithms applicable to urban soils and various kinds of urban development that are based on carefully measured field experimental data.
Monitoring the Level of 14C-Labelled Selegiline Following Oral Administration
Authors: Kalász Huba , Tekes Kornélia , Faigl Erzsébet B. , Pöstényi Zita , Berekméri Eszter , Karvaly Gellért , Adeghate Ernest
Published: February 2017

Background:

Selegiline [(-)-deprenyl] is widely used for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease in humans.

Objective:

Time-dependence of tissue distribution of selegiline following per os administration to rats.

Method:

Oral administration of radiolabeled selegiline to rats resulted in a pattern of tissue distribution similar to that following intraperitoneal injection. Analyses were done using both reversed-phase HPLC and also by counting radioactivity in various body compartments of rats.

Results:

As a consequence of oral administration of 30 mg/kg of selegiline, its level in the stomach was extremely high (179.57 µg/g tissue through 54.67 µg/g at 15 min to 120 min), that is one magnitude higher than that in the serum level. High selegiline concentrations were also detected in the lacrimal glands (7.45 µg/g), kidneys (6.87 µg/g), livers (6.01 µg/g) and lungs (3.47 µg/g) after 30 minutes of application, which were higher than after intraperitoneal injections.

Conclusion:

The relatively high tissue levels remained for 120 min monitoring. Selegiline levels in the brain (1.69 µg/g) and in the testes (1.88 µg/g) were also considerably higher than following intraperitoneal administration during the entire period of observation (15 to 120 min).
Electro-Osmosis Chemical Treatment of High-Salinity Soft Marine Soils: Laboratory Tests
Authors: Zhang Lei , Jing Li-ping , Wang Ning-wei , Fang Chen , Li Yong-qiang , Shan Zhen-dong
Published: February 2017

The electro-osmosis chemical treatment (ECT) is a useful method for improving soil strength. Some laboratory tests on ECT for strengthening high-salinity soft marine soils were investigated using self-designed laboratory facilities in this research. This study focused on improving the mechanical properties by using ECT method and analyzed the effects of using CaCl2solution on soil strength owing to the electrolyte is an important factor for improving the bearing capacity of the high-salinity marine soils. Three groups of tests with different time for consolidation were performed to analyze the effective consolidation time on the ECT. In addition, several practical issues, including the current, voltage, energy consumption and the bearing capacity of the treated soils before and after experiments, were considered in the tests. The laboratory tests results demonstrated that the ECT technique is an effective method for improving the high-salinity marine soft soils. Furthermore, the definition of the effective time for consolidation was proposed for the ECT of high-salinity soft marine soils to improve the feasibility and economical efficiency of the ECT. This study provides some references and suggestions for practical application of the ECT technique for marine soft soils.
Chemical Composition and Microhardness of Human Enamel Treated with Fluoridated Whintening Agents. A Study in Situ
Authors: Petta Thais de Mendonça , do Socorro Batista de Lima Gomes Yasmin , Antunes Esteves Renata , do Carmo Freitas Faial Kelson , Souza D`Almeida Couto Roberta , Martins Silva Cecy
Published: February 2017

Background:

Dental whitening has been increasingly sought out to improve dental aesthetics, but may cause chemical and morphological changes in dental enamel surfaces.

Objective:

Assess in situ the effects of high-concentration hydrogen peroxide with and without fluoride on human dental enamel using the ion chromatography test (IC) and the Knoop hardness test (KHN).

Material and Methods:

Nineteen enamel specimens were prepared using third human molars. These specimens were fixed on molars of volunteers and were divided into groups: OP38-Opalescence Boost PF38%, PO37-Pola Office 37.5% and CO-Control group. For chemical analysis (n= 3), the dentin layer was removed, keeping only the enamel, which was subjected to acidic digestion by microwave radiation. It was necessary to perform sample dilutions for the elements fluorine (F), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) for quantification using the IC test. The KHN (n= 5) was performed before and after the treatments. Five indentations were made, separated by 100 µm, for each specimen using a load of 25 gf for 5 seconds in the microdurometer. The data were analyzed using ANOVA with a 5% significance level.

Results:

The OP38 group had the largest concentrations of F, Ca and P ions. The PO37 group showed the lowest concentrations of F and Ca ions. The average KHN was not significantly different between the OP38 and PO37 groups.

Conclusion:

Enamel whitened with hydrogen peroxide containing fluoride had greater concentrations of F, Ca and P ions. The presence of fluoride in the whitening agent did not influence the enamel microhardness.
Bond Strength of Repaired Acrylic Denture Teeth Using Visible Light Cure Composite Resin
Authors: Muhsin Saja Ali
Published: February 2017

Background:

Although bonding to denture teeth after surface treatment with chemical agents is desirable, there is little information on the use of Visible Light Cure composite resin (VLC) as bonding denture materials.

Objectives:

To determine the effect of various surface treatments on shear bond strength between Visible Light Cure composite resin and the acrylic denture teeth interface.

Methods:

Forty cylindrical sticks of acrylic resin with denture teeth mounted atop were prepared. Various treatments were implemented upon the acrylic resin teeth surfaces. The samples were divided into four groups (n = 10). Light-cured composite resin (LC) was applied over all treated and untreated surfaces of tested groups. The shear bond was tested using a universal tensile testing apparatus with the knife-edge of a 0.8mm shear tester. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA performed at a confidence level of 95% and significant P-value of (P ≤ 0.05).

Results:

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between treated and untreated teeth surfaces. The treated surfaces exhibited various levels of bond strength depending on the type of treatment.

Conclusion:

Application of VLC bonding agent with prior treatment of methylmethacrylate (MMA) on the acrylic resin denture teeth resulted in maximum bond strength with composite resin.
Use of Saline as a Placebo in Intra-articular Injections in Osteoarthritis: Potential Contributions to Nociceptive Pain Relief
Authors: Bar-Or David , Rael Leonard T. , Brody Edward N.
Published: February 2017

Background:

Osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK) is a severe debilitating condition characterized by joint pain, stiffness, and resultant limited mobility. In recent years, intra-articular (IA) injections have been used to relieve symptoms and have succeeded to varying degrees either with sodium hyaluronate preparations or with a biologic.

Objective:

The objective of this review is to evaluate multiple studies that demonstrate some relief from the symptoms of OAK in the saline arm of various clinical trials.

Method:

A thorough literature search (PubMed) was performed assessing the pain efficacy of various compounds compared to saline injections in clinical trials. A total of 73 studies were identified in the literature search including a total of 5,816 patients. These clinical trials all involved the IA injection of a viscosupplement (hyaluronate, platelet rich plasma (PRP), etc.) or a biologic (the low molecular weight fraction (< 5kDa) of human serum albumin (LMWF-5A)). For all of these studies, the control arm was injection of sterile physiological saline that approximates the salt concentration and total solute concentration of blood and most tissues.

Results:

Based on our review of the current literature, the tested compounds performed with mixed results when compared to saline injections. Moreover, OAK is a variable disease, with severity measured on the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) scale where various hyaluronate preparations have a therapeutic effect mostly on KL 2-3 patients while a biologic works best on KL 3-4 patients.

Conclusion:

Since the effect of saline injection is always greater than no treatment, the evaluations of these treatments can be confounded in clinical trials. Therefore, the question of whether there are known therapeutic effects of saline injections might explain these results.
Utilization of the Airport Geographic Information Systems (AGIS) to Develop an Accurate Digital Map
Authors: Ibraheem Asma Thamir
Published: February 2017

The adaptation of Airports geographic information system (AGIS) can help them to better manage both air- and ground-side operations; in this paper the section of Erbil international airport site (AIAP) was the case study, representative the AGIS in building infrastructure layers. The results include a multi layers map; each layer has information that contains a comprehensive database. This paper studies the production of a digital map for the study area with multi layers and themes.
The Environmental Management System in a Health Structure: The Case study of ORC-Aviano (Italy)
Authors: Lizzi Gladys D. , Collazzo Raffaele , Capra Elvira , Lazzarini Renzo , Goi Daniele
Published: February 2017

The Oncology Reference Center (ORC) of Aviano (Italy) organization principles are based on the criteria of effectiveness efficiency and cost-effectiveness in compliance to clinical autonomy leading to the continuous improvement of services provided and the research activities in order to ensure maximum level of safety for patients and operators. Within these values the adoption of environmental sustainable management voluntary systems such as ISO 14000 and EMAS has been evaluated and proposed. To this note the Initial Environmental Analysis (IEA) is presented allowing basic targets for improvement and implementation of environmental management programs as well as highlighting the effectiveness of the adoption of sustainable management of voluntary EMAS instrument.

Phases to define and evaluate the environmental factors were analysed and the relationship between the site and the surrounding zone was performed according to the characteristics of “sensitivity” and “vulnerability” of the affected area. Specifying different degrees of priority which the problems must be managed to a medium priority rating was found for short term interventions Some improvements in the hospital waste management were identified among these the preparation of guidelines applicable to current operational practices are the most reliable.
AVALIAÇÃO DO CONTEÚDO DE UM CURSO DE ESPECIALIZAÇÃO OFERTADO AOS PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE NA MODALIDADE EAD
Authors: Castro e Lima Camila Santos de , De Oliveira Ana Emilia Figueiredo , Mesquita Mizraim Nunes , Baesse Deborah de Castro e Lima , Lopes Fernanda Ferreira , Bernardes Elza Ferreira
Published: February 2017

A Educação a Distância (EaD), fruto da evolução e popularização dos recursos tecnológicos, é uma metodologia de ensino que permite aos alunos a interação com professores, tutores e instituição em tempo e local físico diferentes, através de algum tipo de tecnologia. Este trabalho é o resultado de um estudo realizado a partir de uma amostragem de natureza quantitativa e da aplicação de questionários, que investigou a avaliação e satisfação dos alunos quanto ao conteúdo de um curso de especialização ofertado na modalidade EaD aos profissionais da saúde vinculados ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Assim, foi possível conhecer o nível de satisfação do aluno em relação ao conteúdo, à estrutura e à aprendizagem obtida no curso em questão, favorecendo a compreensão dos aspectos citados e indicando tendências que possibilitarão a produção de objetos de aprendizagem mais eficazes.
AS NOVAS TENDÊNCIAS NA EDUCAÇÃO E NO USO DE TECNOLOGIAS DA INFORMÁTICA PARA IDOSOS
Authors: Kunz da Costa Arlete Eli , Ferla Noeli Juarez , Pissaia Luis Felipe , Moreschi Claudete
Published: February 2017

O presente estudo objetivou conhecer as novas tendências na área da educação e no uso de tecnologias da informática em idosos do Vale do Taquari/RS, Brasil. Caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa de campo, exploratória e descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida com 75 idosos. A idade dos participantes variou entre os 60 a 89 anos, sendo 52 mulheres e 23 homens. A maioria dos idosos carecem de apoio educacional no ensino escolar básico. Os idosos referem a importância do uso de tecnologias da informática como meio de comunicação. Todavia, a informática, bem como outras tecnologias foram incorporadas ao meio social recentemente e nem sempre os idosos sabem manusear estes aparelhos eletrônicos. O idosos mencionam algumas dificuldades econômicas em relação ao acesso à educação e tecnologia. Emergiu também que os idosos necessitam de uma boa saúde a fim de usufruir de algumas atividades que não dispunham quando jovens e hoje na terceira idade possuem esta oportunidade. Para os idosos, possuir saúde é estar bem, não sentir dor e realizar suas tarefas diárias como desejam. Conclui-se que as equipes multiprofissionais possuem o dever de instrumentalizar a comunidade sobre o envelhecimento, capacitando às famílias e responsabilizando os indivíduos nos processos de envelhecimento seguro e saudável.
AS PERCEPÇÕES DE IDOSOS FRENTE À ASSISTÊNCIA PRESTADA EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE LONGA PERMANÊNCIA
Authors: Oliveira Katiucia Silva de , Costa Arlete Eli Kunz da , Pissaia Luis Felipe , Moreschi Claudete
Published: February 2017

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi conhecer o atendimento que o idoso recebe pela equipe multiprofissional em uma instituição de longa permanência. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa realizado em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência do Vale do Taquari – RS. Os dados foram coletados entre março e abril de 2016 por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez usuários da instituição, sendo os mesmos submetidos a análise de dados conforme Bardin. Os dados obtidos apontam que os usuários estão satisfeitos com o atendimento oferecido na instituição, e o que favorece esta satisfação é a liberdade que eles têm de manifestar seus interesses. Conclui-se que o contentamento do idoso com a qualidade de vida está relacionado principalmente a fatores emocionais voltados á motivação para conviver. Evidencia-se que os idosos estão satisfeitos com suas vidas, mesmo que em certos momentos lamentam a ausência da família em visitas na instituição.