bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parameter Optimization of Laser Cladding for Stelcar Powder Coatings on AZ61 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: B Sathishkumar G , B Asaithambi , V Srinivasan , T Balamurugan , S Sundaraselvan , A Joseph Arockiam , RG Padmanabhan
Published: July 2024

The main objective of this study is to improve the surface coating characteristics and reduce the dilution rate of AZ61 magnesium alloy using the laser cladding technique. This research work employed Taguchi (L16) orthogonal experimental design to investigate the relationship between process parameters and a cladding quality index. Parameters such as Scanning Speed (SS), Laser Power (LP), Powder Feed Rate (PFR) and Gas Flow (GF) were varied to analyze their impact on wear volume, dilution rate and micro-hardness of the key response variables in the laser cladding setup. Signal-to-noise ratios were calculated for each parameter to identify their individual effects on the responses. The findings indicated that powder feed rate predominantly influenced wear volume, accounting for 88.18% of its variation, while scanning speed has the highest influence on dilution rate (73.20%), and laser power significantly affected micro-hardness (84.60%). This study utilized grey relational analysis to determine the optimum processing parameters which simultaneously reduced wear volume, minimized dilution rate and enhanced micro-hardness. In particular, inclusion of Stelcar alloy powder in the substrate significantly influenced these outcomes. The application of grey relational analysis allowed the researchers to integrate multiple optimization objectives into a strategy, resulting in a clad with superior micro-hardness and minimal wear volume and dilution rate. The optimized parameters achieved the desired goals with a high degree of accuracy, confirming the effectiveness of multi-objective optimization in enhancing coating qualities and controlling dilution rate through laser cladding.
Early oxytocin treatment in infants with Prader-Willi is safe and is associated with better endocrine metabolic and behavior outcomes.
Authors: VALETTE Marion , DIENE Gwenaelle , GLATTARD Mélanie , CORTADELLAS Julie , MOLINAS Catherine , FAYE Sandy , BENVEGNU Grégoire , BOULANOUAR Kader , PAYOUX Pierre , SALLES Jean Pierre , ARNAUD Catherine , CABAL Sophie , Tauber Maïthé
Published: July 2024

Background: Oxytocin (OT) plays an important role in modulating behavior social interactions and feeding. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder, is a model of hypothalamic disorder including OT dysfunction. We previously showed that infants with PWS who received an early short course (7 days) of intranasal OT treatment improved their oral and social skills. We aim to document long-term tolerance and effects of early intranasal OT treatment on the disease trajectory. We then performed a comparative clinical trial including the 17 children who received OT as infants in our previous study and compared them to 17 PWS non-exposed children at 3 to 4 years old. Primary endpoint was the total communication score on the Vineland adaptive behavior scale version II (VABS-II). Secondary endpoints were the other domains of VABS-II, behavior scored by Childhood Behavior Check-list, feeding skills, endocrine and metabolic issues, and brain connectivity on functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Results: We documented long-term safety of early OT treatment. The VABS-II communication score was not different between the two groups defined as OT-exposed and non-exposed groups while a trend towards higher socialization score was found in the OT-exposed children (p=0.06). Circulating IGF-1 and HDL cholesterol were significantly higher in the OT-exposed group (p<0.05). OT-exposed children had normal acylated ghrelin levels which are lower than those observed in non-exposed children (p=0.06) and display higher connectivity of the orbitofrontal cortex brain region.
Conclusion: Early OT treatment in infants with PWS is safe up to 3 to 4 years age. OT-exposed children display better social, endocrine and metabolic outcomes. This study documents for the first time in human the biological window of opportunity of early OT treatment that may change the trajectories of PWS condition.
Trial Registration: Clinical trial NCT03081832 Retrospectively registered https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=NCT03081832
Case report: Bipolar disorder in Phelan-McDermid syndrome
Authors: Sun Yuyong , Xia Yong , Zhi Qianna , Guo Pengfei , Cui Wenjing , Liu Xiaoyan
Published: July 2024

Background Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a rare genetic disorder. It involves intellectual disability, delayed language, autism spectrum disorders, motor tone abnormalities, and a high risk of psychiatric symptoms like bipolar disorder.
Case presentation We present an 18-year case of a 36-year-old woman with PMS, exhibiting intellectual disabilities, social withdrawal, and stereotyped behavior. Diagnosed with bipolar disorder at 18, she faced treatment challenges, including severe reactions to antipsychotics in 2022, leading to speech and functional regression. Subsequent rehabilitation and comprehensive therapy improved her condition. By 2024, following additional treatment, her symptoms stabilized.
Conclusions PMS requires detailed history, genetic testing, and long-term supportive care for effective management.
Association between genetic risk and renal function for developing venous thromboembolism
Authors: Gan Zeyu , Guan Yunlong , Li Si , Kong Yifan , Deng Jun , Hao Xingjie
Published: July 2024

Background
Kidney disease is regarded as a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), but the association between renal function and the risk of VTE remains unclear.
Methods
This study was conducted using a sample of 358,723 participants from the UK Biobank. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of VTE incidence associated with renal function levels were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model based on the baseline exposure measurements. Additionally, the relationship between renal function and cumulative risk of VTE was visualized using Kaplan-Meier curves as well as restricted cubic spline (RCS). Furthermore, this study investigated the combined effects and interactions between renal function biomarkers and genetic predisposition in relation to the risk of VTE onset.
Results
Biomarkers of renal function in the highest quartile levels (lowest quartile levels for eGFR) were associated with an elevated risk of VTE onset, with HR (95% CI) of 1.21 (1.12–1.30) for urine creatinine, 1.23 (1.13–1.34) for serum creatinine, 1.12 (1.04–1.2) for urea, 1.15 (1.06–1.26) for urate, 1.59 (1.46–1.73) for cystatin C, 1.28 (1.14–1.43) for urine microalbumin, and 1.47 (1.36–1.60) for eGFR. For the joint associations, participants with both high levels of renal function biomarkers (low levels of eGFR) and high genetic risk had the highest risk of developing VTE, with HR (95% CI) of 2.83 (2.46–3.26) for urine creatinine, 2.72 (2.37–3.13) for serum creatinine, 2.49 (2.18–2.84) for urea, and 2.63 (2.26–3.05) for urate, 3.52 (3.01–4.13) for cystatin C, 2.90 (2.33–3.60) for urine microalbumin, and 3.37 (2.86–3.98) for eGFR.
Conclusions
Elevated levels of urine creatinine, serum creatinine, urea, urate, cystatin C, urine microalbumin, and reduced eGFR would increase the risk of VTE, and there were positive additive effect of renal function and genetic susceptibility on the risk of VTE.
Plasmodium falciparum infection status in children less than 10 years old under seasonal malaria chemoprevention and risk of clinical malaria in the Koulikoro health district, Mali
Authors: Sanogo Daouda , Toure Mahamoudou , Keita Moussa , Kane Fousseyni , Keita Soumba , Sanogo Ibrahim , Diawara Sory Ibrahim , Coulibaly Hamady , Thiam Sidibé M’Baye , Diakite Mahamadou , Sogoba Nafomon , Doumbia Seydou
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with Sulfadoxine pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine (SP + AQ) consist of a monthly administration of therapeutic dose to children under five years of age during the high risk of malaria in area where malaria is highly seasonal. According to SMC recommendation, both non-infected and asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infected children will receive similar treatment. The gap in our knowledge is how the effect of asymptomatic infection on the efficacy of SMC in preventing clinical malaria over a four-week period. Thus, this study aimed to assess the risk of clinical malaria and its association with children's infection status when SMC treatment is given.
Methodology: The study was carried out in the Koulikoro health district in Mali and concerned children under 10 years of age. A total of 726 and 1452 children were randomly selected and followed over the SMC campaign in the years 2019 and 2020 respectively. Prevalence of asymptomatic P. falciparum infection was determined each round by microscopy before SMC drugs intake. Children were passively followed over a four-week period to determine incidence of clinical malaria. R-Studio software was used for analysis. The risk of clinical malaria by infection status was estimated using a logistic regression. A Kaplan-Meier curve was used to determine the survival time between infected and uninfected children. The Pearson Chi-square test was used to compare proportions with the significant level at p< 0.05.
Results: The average prevalence of asymptomatic infection was 11.0% both years, and it was higher among children aged 5 to 9 years old in 2019 (p<0.001) and 2020 (p=0.016). The risk of clinical malaria was significantly higher among asymptomatic infected children 2019: (RR =3.05, CI [2.04-4.72]) and 2020 (RR=1.43, CI [1.04-1.97]) transmission seasons. Likewise, the time of the first malaria occurrence was statistically lower among infected children regardless the year (p<0.001 in 2019 and p=0.01 in 2020).
Conclusion: Results show a high risk of clinical malaria in asymptomatic infected children during SMC delivery. Screening for P. falciparum infection before the SMC treatment could significantly enhance the impact of the strategy on malaria morbidity in endemic areas.
Atypical Tuberculous Peritonitis Revealed by a Peritoneal Pseudocyst Without Prior Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting: Insights From a Case and Literature Review
Authors: Balibanga Jimmy Minani , Bisimwa Wani , Cikomola Fabrice Gulimwentuga , Bedha Aline , Balemba Ghislain Maheshe , Mbale Guy-Quesney Mateso , Mwenebitu David Lupande , Kahasha Pierrot Mulumeoderhwa , Baguma Marius , Mwene-batu Pacifique , Katoto Patrick DMC , Shindano Tony Akilimali
Published: July 2024

Background
Tuberculous peritonitis often presents with nonspecific symptoms that can lead to diagnostic challenges, particularly when manifesting as peritoneal pseudocysts. This study highlights the clinical complexity and diagnostic approach of tuberculous peritonitis presented as a pseudocyst in an immunocompetent adult, an atypical scenario that is rarely documented.
Case presentation:
We report a detailed case of a 41-year-old man presenting with abdominal distension, pain, and significant weight loss over four months. Abdominal CT showed an intraperitoneal pseudocyst, initially misdiagnosed due to its resemblance to more common abdominal pathologies. The diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis was confirmed through histopathological analysis. Additionally, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify and analyse similar cases, focusing on clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, and patient outcomes. Our patient exhibited classic symptoms of abdominal TB but was unique due to the absence of prior ventriculoperitoneal shunting, a common factor in similar cases. Our literature review found that such presentations typically result in diagnostic delays averaging five months, complicating patient management and outcomes. This review also underscores the importance of considering tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of intraperitoneal pseudocysts, particularly in TB-endemic regions.
Conclusion
This case and review emphasize the need for high clinical suspicion and prompt investigation of tuberculosis in patients presenting with atypical abdominal symptoms and pseudocysts. Improved diagnostic strategies, including early use of imaging and pathological evaluations, are essential for timely diagnosis and management, thereby improving patient outcomes in suspected cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Body Composition and Its Correlation with Dyslipidemia in Hospital Medical Staff: A Tertiary Hospital Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Yao Fangfang , Niu Jingwen , Zheng Yingbin , Jia Runping , Shen Yan , Zhai Junya
Published: July 2024

Background: Dyslipidemia, characterized by abnormal blood lipid levels, significantly enhances the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Body composition plays a critical role in the modulation of lipid metabolism and therefore in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia. This study explores the prevalence of dyslipidemia among medical staff and analyzes the association between body composition and lipid profiles. The objective is to furnish actionable insights for the prevention and management of dyslipidemia in this demographic.
Methods: A number of 696 medical staff members, whoparticipated in a health examination conducted from July to October 2023 was selected in this study. The Inbody720 body composition analyzer was utilized to evaluate body fat composition. Serum concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol were also measured. A comprehensive suite of statistical analyses was performed, including independent t-tests, non-parametric tests, Spearman rank correlations, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, to explore the associations between body composition indicators and dyslipidemia.
Results: The prevalence of dyslipidemia among the medical staff amounted to 37.55%. Notably, several key body composition parameters, including body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, protein content, muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass index, waist-to-hip fat ratio, visceral fat area, and body water content, were significantly higher in individuals with dyslipidemia (p < 0.05). Serum total cholesterol showed a positive correlation with BMI, body fat percentage, waist-to-hip fat ratio, and visceral fat area. Similar trend of positive correlation was observed for triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with these aforementioned body composition indicators, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) exhibited negative correlations. Logistic regression analysis identified age, waist-to-hip fat ratio as significant predictors of dyslipidemia. The ROC curve analysis provided optimal cut-off values for these indicators in diagnosing dyslipidemia.
Conclusion: The study highlights a robust correlation between body composition and the occurrence of dyslipidemia among medical staff. The risk of dyslipidemia can be predicted by assessing body composition. This paper also lays a groundwork for further research on the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies based on body composition.
Prediction of the Potential Efficacy of Dlx5 in Immunotherapy for Hypopharyngeal Cancer through Integrated Bulk and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing
Authors: yao Jiang , Lianhe Li , Jing Liang
Published: July 2024

Background:
Immunotherapy, as a personalized treatment strategy, has displayed promising potential in the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity and initial resistance of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma present new obstacles to treatment, highlighting the urgent need for identifying novel predictive biomarkers to develop more targeted and effective treatment approaches.
Method:
We employed the CIBERSORT algorithm, which quantifies immune cell composition, along with Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to identify gene modules associated with tumor immune infiltration of CD4+ T cells. We integrated single-cell sequencing technology to complement each other, conducting bidirectional screening to narrow down molecular associations with tumors. By constructing Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks and conducting clinical Kaplan-Meier analysis, we identified crucial hub genes. We calculated tumor mutation rates, immune checkpoint expression, chemokine factors, and their corresponding receptor correlations to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy targeting DLX5. The R package "oncopredict" was utilized to compute drug sensitivity for each sample, inferring potential chemotherapeutic drugs targeting DLX5. Finally, we explored the precancerous phenotype of DLX5 in the Fadu cell line.
Result:
Bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, the prognostically associated EGFR and DLX5 genes are upregulated. Immunological analysis showed a higher mutation rate of DLX5, which is significantly positively correlated with immune checkpoints and chemokine factors. Most importantly, three small molecule compounds (BI.2536_1086, MN.64_1854, Ulixertinib_2047) were identified, which could be potential drugs for treating hypopharyngeal cancer patients. Finally, high expression of DLX5 promoted proliferation, invasion, and migration of hypopharyngeal cancer cells.
Conclusion：
The association of Dlx5 with CD4+ T cells in hypopharyngeal cancer correlates with the immunological characteristics of the disease and the potential efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. These results indicate that DLX5 might respond well to immunotherapy, shedding light on the role of Dlx5 in hypopharyngeal cancer, providing crucial insights and offering vital information for the development of personalized immunotherapeutic strategies.
Cfd Analysis for Receiver Tube of Solar Parabolic Through Collector
Authors: Akhmadov Khushdil S. , Juraboev Nodir I. , Boltaev Sanat A. , Akhatov Jasurjon S.
Published: July 2024

In this study, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis for the receiver tube of a parabolic trough solar collector (PTC) is conducted in the COMSOL Multiphysics program. This system consists of PTC system with an aperture area of 4.4 m2 and a transparent mirror is used as a reflector. This work has been carried out to investigate the most effective material for the receiver tube to obtain higher thermal efficiency. The performance of the receiver tube of PTC was evaluated with a three-dimensional model in COMSOL Multiphysics software using 4 different materials. Therminol VP-1 is used as heat transfer fluid (HTF). The boundary conditions were considered those of October 3rd 2020, when the concentration value was C = 23 and the Sun's radiation was constant at around Io=1000 W/m2. The mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid through the absorber was varied from 0.01 kg/sec to 0.07 kg/sec. The result revels that the copper receiver tube shows good performance for the given mass flow rates of HTF when compared to iron, steel, and aluminum receiver tubes. Maximum HTF temperature of copper receiver tube was 195.71 0C at 0.01 kg/sec, when the HTF temperature of steel receiver tube was relatively low approximately 190.71 0C. The temperature variation of the absorber tube and of the HTF during this process is presented in the discussion section of the article.
Neuroticism and Depression among First-Year College Students Using a Moderated Mediation Model of Perceived Social Support and Perceived Stress
Authors: Yang Qiuyi , Kanjanarat Penkarn , Wongpakaran Nahathai , Li Xiaoshan , Tian Lizhu , Wongpakaran Tinakon , Zhou Yanping
Published: July 2024

Background
Depression can have various negative impacts on a college student's academic career. While previous studies have indicated a link between neuroticism, perceived stress, and depression, the role of perceived social support in moderating this relationship remains unclear. This study investigated the moderating effect of perceived social support in this context.
Methods: 568 first-year student participants were involved in the study, with 74.6% being female and having a mean age of 18.63 (SD = 0.72). Data on depression (PHQ-9), perceived stress (PSS-10), neuroticism (CBF-PI-B), and perceived social support (MSPSS-12) were collected and analyzed. The moderating role of the subscales of perceived social support was examined, utilizing mediation and moderation analyses with the 5000 bootstrapping methods.
Results: The findings revealed that perceived social support significantly moderated the association between neuroticism and depression (B = -0.078 (95%CI: -0.173, 0.029)). Notably, support from family emerged as particularly influential in moderating this relationship (B = -0.104 (95%CI: -0.175, -0.023)).
Conclusion: The research underscores the significant role of perceived social support, especially from family, in alleviating the impact of neuroticism on depression. Students who perceive strong family support tend to experience lower levels of depression. The study discusses the implications of these findings and suggests potential areas for future research.
Robotic versus laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with complete mesocolic excision using a cranial approach: A propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nonaka Takashi , Tominaga Tetsuro , Takamura Yuma , Kaido Oishi , Noda Keisuke , Sawai Terumitsu , Matsumoto Keitaro
Published: July 2024

Background
This retrospective study compared the surgical outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic right hemicolectomies using the cranial approach for complete mesocolic excision (CME) and central vascular ligation (CVL).
Methods
Patients who underwent right hemicolectomy with either robotic CME (R-CME, 48 patients) or laparoscopic CME (L-CME, 123 patients) between April 2016 and December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed using propensity score matching (PSM).
Results
After matching, the R-CME and L-CME groups each included 40 patients. The R-CME group had less intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.007), a shorter median time to first flatus (P < 0.001), and a shorter median postoperative hospital stay (P = 0.012) than the L-CME group. The other surgical outcomes were not significantly different between the two groups.
Conclusions
R-CME using a cranial approach demonstrated the advantages of reduced intraoperative blood loss without prolonging the operative time and improved surgical outcomes, including quicker recovery of bowel function and earlier postoperative discharge, compared to L-CME.
RETRACTED: Synovial Macrophages: the Key Player of Severe Joint Destruction in Established Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Wu Dengfeng , Huang Yiping , Li Jianbin , Liu Pengcheng , Wang Bihua , Wang Yan , Chen； Haili , Wu Rui
Published: July 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Vascular Stress Markers Following Inhalation of Heated Tobacco Products: A study on Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Antoniewicz Lukasz , Melnikov Georgy , Lyytinen Gustaf , Blomberg Anders , Bosson Jenny , Hedman Linnea , Mobarrez Fariborz , Lundbäck Magnus
Published: July 2024

Background
The advent of heated tobacco products (HTPs) has introduced new variables in the study of nicotine delivery systems and their health implications. Amidst concerns over cardiovascular effects, this study aims to elucidate the acute impact of HTP inhalation on extracellular vesicles (EV) levels in young, healthy individuals.
Methods
In this controlled, acute exposure study, 23 young, healthy volunteers were subjected to HTP inhalation. EV levels of endothelial and platelet origin were quantified through flow cytometry before and after exposure. Data analysis was performed using multiple measures ANOVA to assess changes in EV concentrations.
Results
Our findings reveal a significant increase in EVs of endothelial and platelet origin following short-term HTP inhalation with nicotine. Notably, no significant change was observed in leukocyte- and neutrophil-derived EVs. This increase in EVs suggests acute vascular stress, with peak levels observed 4 hours post-exposure.
Conclusions
The rise in endothelial and platelet-derived EVs aligns with documented responses to acute vascular injury, paralleling the effects seen with traditional cigarette and e-cigarette use. Despite HTPs being marketed as safer alternatives, our results indicate that nicotine-containing HTPs may still pose significant vascular risks. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence cautioning against the perceived safety of HTPs and reinforce the importance of regulatory oversight and public health initiatives targeting nicotine delivery technologies.
Trial Registration Number
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04824495, registered 2021-01-07
Cervical and vaginal metastases from ascending colon cancer: a case report and literature review
Authors: Nie Fangfang , Si Haibo , Qin Haojie , Wang Yongpeng
Published: July 2024

Background
Colorectal cancer is among the three most prevalent types of cancer worldwide, with the second highest mortality rate. Metastasis frequently occurs in the liver, followed by the lungs, peritoneum, and lymph nodes. There are few reported cases of cervical and vaginal metastasis in colorectal cancer. We report a patient with concurrent cervical and vaginal metastasis of colorectal cancer.
Case presentation:
The patient came to our hospital with vaginal bleeding as the main complaint. It was found that the patient had malignant lesions in the cervix and vagina, which were discontinuous. After a series of examinations, the patient underwent radical cervical and vaginal resection surgery. The pathological result of the patient is adenocarcinoma with a history of ascending colon cancer. Combined with immunohistochemical results, it is determined that the cervical and vaginal lesions of the patient are metastatic from ascending colon cancer.
Conclusion
If patients with colorectal cancer experience symptoms such as vaginal bleeding during postoperative follow-up, even if cervical or vaginal metastasis is rare, we cannot ignore this possibility. After completing relevant examinations and clarifying the diagnosis, if the patient does not experience extensive hematogenous metastasis, radical cervical and vaginal resection surgery still has a certain significance. Postoperative systemic treatment is supplemented to achieve long-term survival.
Assessment of variability among molecular and morphological characters of several wild Rutaceae species
Authors: Budiarto Kurniawan , Martasari Chaireni , Mas’udah Shofiyatul , Yulia Nina Dwi , Yulianti Farida , Yusuf Hadi Mokhamad , Ikarini Imro’ah , Setiawan Adi
Published: July 2024

Morphological and molecular assessments were carried out to confirm the genetic variability and relationship among wild Rutaceae species. Thirteen stem and leaves morphological characters and 12 ISSR primers were used to evaluate 17 Rutaceae accessions. The results shows that morphological and molecular assessments confirmed different accessions grouping. Biplot analysis based on morphological characters revealed 3 groups based on the character similarity and 1 distinct group consisting Lunasia sp., M. latifolia, L. amara, E. suaveolens, Clausena sp., and M. minutum with a weak relationship of the observed characters. While the ISSR study divided the accessions into 3 clusters, which include L. acidissima in a distinct cluster. The second cluster composed of Clausena sp, Melicope sp. and Fragara sp. The third cluster was divided into two sub-clusters. The first sub-cluster included M. trichopetala, M. minutum, M. latifolia, L. amara, A. marmelos, Z. ovalifolium, G. pentaphyla, Lunasia sp, Z. rhetsa and M. exotica. While, F. lucida, P. littorale and E. suaveolens are the member of the second sub-cluster. The study has demonstrated the effectiveness of ISSR primers in differentiating species up to the subfamily level and it is crucial to prioritize further research to enhance the specificity of morphological characters.
Beyond Cigarettes- Insights into Public Knowledge, Attitudes and Patterns of Use of Non-Cigarette Smoked Tobacco Products (NCSTPs): A National Cross-Sectional Study from Pakistan
Authors: Irshad Hammad Atif , Saleem Umair , Jehanzeb Hamzah , Shaikh Wamiq Ali , Raja Sajjan , Jamil Muhammad Abdullah , Rathi Kartik Kumar , Khattak Wadana Hayat , Iqbal Nousheen , Khan Javaid Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Background
Pakistan has over 30 million active adult smokers, making it one of the most vulnerable low-and middle-income nations. The problem deepens with the popularity of non-cigarette smoked tobacco products (NCSTPs) such as cigars, pipes, and shisha. While studies have been conducted evaluating regular cigarette usage, there is a gap in literature exploring other means of smoked tobacco in these regions. Our study aims to analyze the public’s knowledge, attitudes, and patterns of usage regarding NCSTP.
Methods
Using an online questionnaire, we conducted a nationwide web-based cross-sectional survey in Pakistan. Convenience sampling was used to disseminate and validate the questionnaire. The participants' knowledge, attitudes, and use of NCSTP were evaluated using this questionnaire. The responses of the participants were described using descriptive statistics, and SPSS Version 26 was used to perform logistic regression at a p-value of less than 0.05.
Results
In our sample of 1195 respondents with a mean age of 33 years, 93.3% of respondents had heard of NCSTP before with 57.1% believing they contained both tobacco and nicotine. 45.1% disagreed when asked if NCSTP are exclusively for adults. Removal of stress (29.8%) was the most cited motivator for use while negative health effects (61.4%) was the most selected deterrent. The vast majority of respondents (86.6%) who had used NCSTPs were also users of conventional cigarettes. On accounting for demographic and other variables, our regression analysis revealed that appetizing flavors (OR: 1.788, p = 0.006) and usage as cigarette alternatives (OR: 2.623, p = 0.000) were the two factors significantly associated with usage. On the other hand, social stigma (OR: 0.576, p = 0.004), bad taste (OR: 0.663, p = 0.018), and environmental pollution (OR: 0.493, p = 0.000) were the deterrents significantly associated with decreased usage.
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate the varied knowledge, attitudes, and usage patterns regarding non-cigarette smoked tobacco products (NCSTP) among participants in an LMIC. Despite a high level of awareness, misconceptions persist regarding their contents and associated risks. While a substantial proportion of the participants have experimented with NCSTPs, the majority have not, citing deterrents such as health concerns and social unacceptability playing significant roles. Notably, the appeal of flavors and the potential for stress relief emerged as the most prevalent motivating factors among users. These insights emphasize the importance of comprehensive strategies aimed at both discouraging use and promoting accurate knowledge about NCSTP.
Diagnosing myocardial ischemia of obstructive coronary artery disease using dynamic computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging: Optimization of relative myocardial blood flow ratio
Authors: Kong Weifang , Long Bingzhu , li Fang , Shang Lan , Chen Xinyue , Chughtai Aamer
Published: July 2024

Purpose
To compare the diagnostic efficacy of different relative myocardial blood flow (MBF) ratios in computed tomography perfusion (CTP) for myocardial ischemia in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD).
Methods
Between October 2020 and March 2024, patients with suspected or known obstructive CAD who underwent CTP + coronary computed tomography angiography and invasive coronary angiography/fractional flow reserve were retrospectively selected. Patients and vessels were categorized into ischemia and non-ischemia groups. The diagnostic efficacies of the three relative MBF ratios were compared in patients with myocardial ischemia.
Results
This study included 48 patients (144 vessels). Notably, 34 of the 48 patients (48%) and 49 of the 144 vessels (67.5%) were considered to have myocardial ischemia. The area under the curve of Ratio-hi (0.944, 95% confidence interval: 0.893–0.976) was higher than those of Ratio-av, Ratio-Q3, and MBF-lowest; however, no statistical differences were found (P>0.005). The cutoff value for detecting Ratio-hi was 0.667, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were 91.8%, 83.2%, 75%, 95.24%, and 86.81, respectively.
Conclusion
Relative MBF ratio, especially Ratio-hi, demonstrated excellent performance and exhibited greater robustness in diagnosing myocardial ischemia in patients with obstructive CAD.
Neighborhood Factors as Correlates of Alcohol Use in the N2 Cohort Study of Black Sexual Minority Men and Transgender Women
Authors: Moline Tyrone , Duncan Dustin T. , Knox Justin , Regan Seann , Mehranbod Christina A. , Shrader Cho-Hee , Schneider John , Kim Byoungjun
Published: July 2024

Sexually minoritized men (SMM), transgender women (TW), and particularly Black SMM and Black TW may be disproportionately impacted by alcohol-related problems. Few studies have empirically examined neighborhood factors that may contribute to alcohol use, specifically among these populations. Using data from the N2 longitudinal cohort study in Chicago, IL, survey data from the second wave of longitudinal assessment (n = 126), and GPS mobility data collected during study enrollment were used to evaluate neighborhood alcohol outlet availability, neighborhood disorder, and neighborhood poverty as correlates for individual alcohol use. Neighborhood exposures were measured using 200-m derived activity space areas, created from GPS data, and with publicly accessible geospatial contextual data. Separate multi-variable quasi-poison regression models tested for association between neighborhood alcohol outlet density (AOD), measured separately for on-premise (e.g. bars) and off-premise consumption outlets (e.g. liquor stores), neighborhood poverty (defined as the percentage of neighborhood areas at 150% or greater of the U.S. poverty line), exposure to vacant buildings, and neighborhood violent crime density. Separate analytical models found no significant effect between alcohol use and on-premise neighborhood AOD (IRR = 0.99, p = 0.35), off-premise consumption AOD (IRR = 0.92, p = 0.33), or neighborhood violent crime (IRR = 1.00, p = 0.65). Vacant buildings (IRR = 1.03, p = 0.05) and levels of neighborhood poverty (1.05, p = 0.01) were found to be significantly associated with increased alcohol use. Among this population, opposed to geospatial access, neighborhood measurements indicative of disorder and poverty may have greater influence on shaping alcohol use.
Risk of Neurologic or Immune-Mediated Adverse Events After COVID-19 Diagnosis in the United States
Authors: Fisher Shelby S. , Lindaas Arnstein , Muthuri Stella G. , Lloyd Patricia C. , Gruber Joann F. , Richey Morgan M. , Lyu Hai , Cheng Angela S. , Kowarski Lisa , McKillop Mollie M. , Bui Christine , Clarke Tainya C. , Beers Jeffrey , Burrell Timothy , Duenas Pablo Freyria , Chen Yangping , Sheng Minya , Forshee Richard A. , Anderson Steven A. , Chillarige Yoganand , Anthony Mary S. , Shoaibi Azadeh , Layton J. Bradley
Published: July 2024

Background
Many neurologic or immune-mediated conditions have been evaluated as potential adverse events (AEs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine safety surveillance. To contextualize United States (US) surveillance findings, it is important to quantify the risk of neurologic or immune-mediated AEs associated with COVID-19 diagnosis among adults in the US before the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines.
Methods
Cohort and self-controlled risk interval (SCRI) designs were used in 2 US administrative claims data sources—Merative™ MarketScan® Commercial Database (ages 18–64 years) and Medicare fee-for-service data (ages ≥ 65 years). AEs included Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), Bell’s palsy, encephalitis/encephalomyelitis, narcolepsy, immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and transverse myelitis; each was analyzed separately with AE-specific exclusion criteria. The cohort (study period, 1 April 2020-10 December 2020) included adults with a COVID-19 diagnosis and a matched comparator group. Inverse probability of treatment-weighted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. The SCRI (study period, 1 June 2020-10 December 2020) used a risk window after COVID-19 diagnosis and pre- and postexposure reference windows within individuals with a COVID-19 diagnosis and the AE. Relative incidences (RIs) and 95% CIs were estimated with seasonality-adjusted conditional Poisson regression models accounting for outcome-dependent observation windows. SCRI analyses were not performed for encephalitis/encephalomyelitis because of high case fatality rates.
Results
The study observed a consistent association between COVID-19 diagnosis and GBS: MarketScan HR = 9.57 (95% CI, 1.23–74.74), RI = 8.53 (95% CI, 2.45–29.7); Medicare HR = 1.97 (95% CI, 1.04–3.74), RI = 4.63 (95% CI, 1.78–12.01). For ITP, the association was weaker, but still consistently elevated: MarketScan HR = 2.06 (95% CI, 1.20–3.53), RI = 1.74 (95% CI, 1.01-3.00); Medicare HR = 1.36 (95% CI, 1.18–1.57), RI = 1.91 (95% CI, 1.60–2.28). For all remaining AEs, there was no consistent evidence of an association with COVID-19, with estimates that were generally modest, imprecise, and/or varying by study design.
Conclusions
COVID-19 diagnoses were associated with an increased risk of GBS and ITP in both data sources and study designs. Although increased risks of other neurologic/immune-mediated AEs cannot be ruled out, no consistent associations with COVID-19 were observed.
Labyrinthine SPP Notch Filter
Authors: Zhang Miao , Xu Zhixia , Fu Shiqiang , Zhong Weiye , Lan hai
Published: July 2024

The surface plasmon polariton (SPP) is an electromagnetic wave mode that occurs at the interface of a metal and a dielectric material. It possesses unique properties such as enhancing the strength of the electromagnetic field at the metal surface, achieving sub-wavelength focusing of light waves, and exhibiting low loss. Due to these characteristics, SPP holds great promise in various applications including super-resolution imaging, terahertz technology, biosensing, and optical communication. This paper proposes two SPP-based notch filters that replace the conventional sawtooth cell structure with a miniaturized labyrinth resonator structure. Upon investigating the dispersion characteristics of the resonators, we found that both resonator unit 1 and resonator unit 2 exhibit three modes, resulting in three notch points for each filter. Unlike most SPP-based structures, our design features a compact structure fed by a co-planar waveguide (CPW) without an added ground at the bottom, thereby reducing losses and improving efficiency. To achieve a smoother transition from CPW to the transmission structure, we utilize a segment of microstrip line structure synthesized by a logarithmic function. Both filters are of the same size, with dimensions totaling 192 mm × 42 mm. Based on our study, we have designed two filters with multiple notch points and have obtained good agreement between the simulation results and the actual test results.
Unveiling the Hidden Impact of Solar Proton Events: Disruptions in Polar Jet Stream and Flight Time
Authors: Wang Yi , Xu X. H. , Wei F. S. , feng xueshang , Bo M. H. , Tang H. W. , Wang D. S. , Bian L. , Wang B. Y. , Zuo P. B. , Jiang C. W. , Xu X. J. , Zhou Zilu , Li Z. , Zou P. , Li Y. , Zeng L. , Zhu X. X.
Published: July 2024

The long-chain effects of eruptive solar activities on Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and the mid-to-lower atmospheric circulation are an important theoretical research topic in the fields of space weather and atmospheric science. Understanding the impact of space weather on aviation holds substantial economic value. It is well-known that flight times for polar routes may increase during Solar Proton Events (SPEs) due to the necessity of avoiding high-energy particles. However, changes in atmospheric circulation due to SPEs and their impact on flight times have not been reported yet. This study systematically analyzed 15 pairs of representative international air routes, comprising a total of 15,428 flight records affected by the polar jet stream between 2015 and 2019. An unpaired two-sample two-tailed t-test revealed that 80.00% of westbound flights had shorter durations, while 86.67% of eastbound flights had longer durations during SPEs compared to quiet periods, with an average change of approximately 7 minutes. Further investigation into 42 SPEs during an entire solar cycle (11 years) indicates that polar heating associated with energetic particle precipitation weakens the meridional temperature gradient, thus slowing down the polar jet stream, which is the fundamental reason for the asymmetrical changes in flight times. This is the first report detailing the impact of SPEs on atmospheric circulation and flight times. Our findings reveal the long-chain mechanism by which SPEs directly influence the circulation of Earth's lower atmosphere. These results are also crucial for aviation, as they can help airlines optimize routes, reduce fuel costs, and contribute to climate change mitigation efforts.
Genetic polymorphism of high molecular weight glutenin subunits of ancient and modern Argentinean bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and its relationship with quality.
Authors: Arrigoni Adriana C. , Arata Agustín F.
Published: July 2024

Bread wheat quality is largely determined by genotype (G), particularly the combination of glutenins and gliadins, and in turn, is affected by the environment (E) and the GxE interaction. In Argentina, wheat cultivars are classified into different quality groups (QG) according to their baking aptitude. Knowing the combination of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-Gs) would be a good tool for choosing the genotype. In this research, 135 bread wheat cultivars released between 1980 and 2020 were analyzed using one-dimensional gels obtained by SDS-PAGE. Great genetic diversity was found among the HMW-Gs alleles, particularly in the Glu-B1 locus, even within the same quality groups. Furthermore, it was found that modern genotypes have alleles associated with better industrial quality according to the Glu-1 Score. However, in the last decade analyzed, most of the genotypes did not present the subunit 7 overexpressed which is related to quality improvements (7 + 8* subunits). In addition, the gliadin patterns more frequently observed in recently released varieties are not related to good baking quality. Being able to know the quality of gluten proteins, even within each quality group, could constitute a contribution to agronomic management practices that do not imply an extra cost.
Symptoms of toxicity due to occupational exposure among farmers in Tripura, India
Authors: Das Dipak Kumar , Kumar Prakash , Dhar Murali
Published: July 2024

Background
Agriculture, being the third most hazardous occupations among all sectors in the world poses serious and an important public health problem. Farmers use huge amount of inorganic pesticides and/or fertilizers (agrochemicals) without any training and proper personal safety to fulfil the increased food demand, resulting into health problems. Therefore, the current study aims to assess the prevalence of toxicity symptoms among the farmers due to use of agrochemicals in the north-eastern state of Tripura, India.
Methods
To fulfil the objective of the study, primary data was collected from 995 farmers of Dhalai district using multistage stratified random sampling. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed and pre-tested. Bi-variate analysis was used to assess the pattern of toxicity and Chi-square test was applied to test the significance of association with the factors under consideration. Finally, logistic regression was applied to examine the factors independently associated with different toxicities.
Findings
: Above one-third (39%) of the farmers reported toxicity symptoms while using agrochemicals. Prevalence of symptoms of any toxicities was much higher among males than females. The major toxicity symptoms were skin-rash (16%), vomiting (12%), skin redness (10%), headache (7%), and excessive sweating (6%). Age, sex, occupation, smoking and drinking behaviour were significantly associated with the symptoms of toxicities.
Conclusions
There is need for increased awareness level and training to accustom the farmers with safe professional practices and personal hygiene. In addition, there is need to examine the farmer welfare government schemes to ensure its reach at the community level.
Halogen-Dependent Deep-Blue Circularly Polarized Emitters with Ultrahigh-Color-Purity Under High Pressure
Authors: Zang Shuang-Quan , Sun Meng-En , Wang Fei , He Manman , Yang Ya-Ni , Yang Ji-Kun , Zhang Xiao-Jing , Chen Gaosong , Wang Yonggang , Fu Yongping , Li Qi , Wang Zhenling , Jiang Lei , Wu Yuchen
Published: July 2024

Achieving free exciton (FE) emission in low-dimensional (2D, 1D, and 0D) metal halide perovskites is challenging due to the strong electron–phonon coupling effect induced by lead halide octahedral distortion. Herein, the FE emission behaviors of three new 2D chiral perovskites, (R-3-XPEA)2PbBr4 (PEA = phenethylamine, X = F, Cl, Br), were investigated under hydrostatic pressure. (R-3-BrPEA)2PbBr4 and (R-3-ClPEA)2PbBr4 exhibited high color–purity deep-blue circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) dominated by FE at pressures of 1.7 and 2.5 GPa, respectively, whereas (R-3-FPEA)2PbBr4 presented broadband warm-white CPL under high pressure. The structural analysis and theoretical calculation results demonstrated that pressure reduced the penetration depths of R-3-BrPEA+ and R-3-ClPEA+ into [PbBr6]4- inorganic frameworks by strengthening halogen···halogen (Br···Br and Cl···Cl) interactions between organic amines, resulting in smaller [PbBr6]4- octahedral distortion and weaker electron–phonon coupling in (R-3-BrPEA)2PbBr4 and (R-3-ClPEA)2PbBr4. Thus, pressure-driven enhancement of halogen···halogen interactions was responsible for remarkable deep-blue CPL in (R-3-BrPEA)2PbBr4 and (R-3-ClPEA)2PbBr4. Conversely, [PbBr6]4- octahedral distortion and strong electron–phonon coupling could not be effectively suppressed in (R-3-FPEA)2PbBr4 owing to the lack of halogen···halogen interactions, leading to the absence of deep-blue CPL. Our work gives a new insight into the intrinsic structure-property relationship between noncovalent interactions and the ultrahigh-color-purity emission behavior in chiral perovskites.
A Novel Calcium and Biostimulant elicitors based preharvest treatments reduces postharvest berry rotting and maintains the quality of Grapes cv. Thompson Seedless.
Authors: Shricharan Senthilkumar , Hemanth Kumar J , Bhattacharjee Arghyadeep Ashok , Muniputtaiah Harish , Deore Rajendra Pandit
Published: July 2024

The effectiveness of preharvest measures in reducing postharvest losses in table grapes cv. Thompson Seedless was studied by foliar application of four treatments used: T0 (Control), T1 (Biostimulant elicitors based formulation), T2 (Calcium salt), and T3 (combination of Biostimulant and Calcium based formulation) at three spray schedules of (2 days before harvest (DBH), 10 DBH, and 10+2 DBH). The results demonstrated that Treatment T1 showed a significant decrease in berry rotting compared to the control group in both the 2 DBH and 10 DBH groups. The browning of the rachis was significantly reduced by T1 treatment, resulting in maintenance of rachis colour until 8 DAH. The application of T2 at 10 DBH led to a significant drop in berry shattering. In the 2 DBH group, T2 exhibited the highest reductions in berry cracking. In addition, T1 consistently exhibited elevated levels of Total Soluble Sugar showing a significant increase in the 2 DBH group. T1 demonstrated superior efficacy in managing weight loss when applied to plants at 2 DBH. Hence, these findings highlight the capability of Velabs's Biostimulant and calcium-based formulation to effectively address postharvest issues in table grapes via a synergistic approach.