bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retinoic acid catabolizing enzyme CYP26C1 is a genetic modifier in SHOX deficiency
Authors: Montalbano Antonino , Juergensen Lonny , Roeth Ralph , Weiss Birgit , Fukami Maki , Fricke‐Otto Susanne , Binder Gerhard , Ogata Tsutomu , Decker Eva , Nuernberg Gudrun , Hassel David , Rappold Gudrun A
Published: November 2016

Mutations in the homeobox gene SHOX cause SHOX deficiency, a condition with clinical manifestations ranging from short stature without dysmorphic signs to severe mesomelic skeletal dysplasia. In rare cases, individuals with SHOX deficiency are asymptomatic. To elucidate the factors that modify disease severity/penetrance, we studied a three‐generation family with SHOX deficiency. The variant p.Phe508Cys of the retinoic acid catabolizing enzyme CYP26C1 co‐segregated with the SHOX variant p.Val161Ala in the affected individuals, while the SHOX mutant alone was present in asymptomatic individuals. Two further cases with SHOX deficiency and damaging CYP26C1 variants were identified in a cohort of 68 individuals with LWD. The identified CYP26C1 variants affected its catabolic activity, leading to an increased level of retinoic acid. High levels of retinoic acid significantly decrease SHOX expression in human primary chondrocytes and zebrafish embryos. Individual morpholino knockdown of either gene shortens the pectoral fins, whereas depletion of both genes leads to a more severe phenotype. Together, our findings describe CYP26C1 as the first genetic modifier for SHOX deficiency.
The Nucleotide Excision Repair Pathway Limits L1 Retrotransposition
Authors: Servant Geraldine , Streva Vincent A , Derbes Rebecca S , Wijetunge Madushani I , Neeland Marc , White Travis B , Belancio Victoria P , Roy-Engel Astrid M , Deininger Prescott L
Published: November 2016

Long interspersed elements 1 (L1) are active mobile elements that constitute almost 17% of the human genome. They amplify through a “copy-and-paste” mechanism termed retrotransposition, and de novo insertions related to these elements have been reported to cause 0.2% of genetic diseases. Our previous data demonstrated that the endonuclease complex ERCC1-XPF, which cleaves a 3′ DNA flap structure, limits L1 retrotransposition. Although the ERCC1-XPF endonuclease participates in several different DNA repair pathways, such as single-strand annealing, or in telomere maintenance, its recruitment to DNA lesions is best characterized in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. To determine if the NER pathway prevents the insertion of retroelements in the genome, we monitored the retrotransposition efficiencies of engineered L1 elements in NER-deficient cells and in their complemented versions. Core proteins of the NER pathway, XPD and XPA, and the lesion binding protein, XPC, are involved in limiting L1 retrotransposition. In addition, sequence analysis of recovered de novo L1 inserts and their genomic locations in NER-deficient cells demonstrated the presence of abnormally large duplications at the site of insertion, suggesting that NER proteins may also play a role in the normal L1 insertion process. Here, we propose new functions for the NER pathway in the maintenance of genome integrity: limitation of insertional mutations caused by retrotransposons and the prevention of potentially mutagenic large genomic duplications at the site of retrotransposon insertion events.
Coordination of Cell Cycle Progression and Mitotic Spindle Assembly Involves Histone H3 Lysine 4 Methylation by Set1/COMPASS
Authors: Beilharz Traude H , Harrison Paul F , Miles Douglas Maya , See Michael Ming , Le Uyen Minh Merry , Kalanon Ming , Curtis Melissa Jane , Hasan Qambar , Saksouk Julie , Margaritis Thanasis , Holstege Frank , Geli Vincent , Dichtl Bernhard
Published: November 2016

Methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) by Set1 complex/COMPASS is a hallmark of eukaryotic chromatin, but it remains poorly understood how this post-translational modification contributes to the regulation of biological processes like the cell cycle. Here, we report a H3K4 methylation-dependent pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that governs toxicity toward benomyl, a microtubule destabilizing drug. Benomyl-sensitive growth of wild-type cells required mono- and dimethylation of H3K4 and Pho23, a PHD-containing subunit of the Rpd3L complex. Δset1 and Δpho23 deletions suppressed defects associated with ipl1-2 aurora kinase mutant, an integral component of the spindle assembly checkpoint during mitosis. Benomyl resistance of Δset1 strains was accompanied by deregulation of all four tubulin genes and the phenotype was suppressed by tub2-423 and Δtub3 mutations, establishing a genetic link between H3K4 methylation and microtubule function. Most interestingly, sine wave fitting and clustering of transcript abundance time series in synchronized cells revealed a requirement for Set1 for proper cell-cycle-dependent gene expression and Δset1 cells displayed delayed entry into S phase. Disruption of G1/S regulation in Δmbp1 and Δswi4 transcription factor mutants duplicated both benomyl resistance and suppression of ipl1-2 as was observed with Δset1. Taken together our results support a role for H3K4 methylation in the coordination of cell-cycle progression and proper assembly of the mitotic spindle during mitosis.
Naujosios žiniasklaidos įtaka tarpkultūrinei komunikacijai: „Erasmus“ studentų pavyzdys
Authors: Seyfi Murat , Güven Deniz
Published: November 2016

Dėl globalizacijos ir komunikacijos technologijų pasaulis virto mažu kaimu. Šiame naujame pasaulyje skirtingos kultūros ir komunikacijos priemonės susipynė ir ėmė vis labiau viena kitą veikti; komunikacija ir kultūra virto dviem organinėmis viena kitą maitinančiomis struktūromis. Kultūra, kurioje individai socializuojasi, lemia ir jų bendravimo būdus. Tam, kad būtų galima nustatyti kultūrų skirtumus, būtina ištirti, kaip bendrauja jos bendruomenių atstovai. Skirtingi, įvairiose šalyse gyvenantys žmonės taip pat nevienodai priima informacijos srautą. Šiandien bet kurią gautą informaciją akimirksniu galima paskleisti per naująją žiniasklaidą. Tai padidina naujosios žiniasklaidos svarbą tarpkultūrinėje komunikacijoje. Šiame tyrime bus nagrinėjama, kokią įtaką turi socialinė žiniasklaida tarpkultūrinio adaptavimosi procesui, pasitelkiant „Erasmus“ studentų, atvykusių į Turkiją švietimo tikslais, pavyzdį. Šiuo aspektu atlikta išsami analizė naudojant kokybinius ir kiekybinius tyrimo metodus.
Publikuotų dokumentų sklaidos skaitmeninėje erdvėje metodologiniai ir technologiniai aspektai: Nacionalinės bibliografijos duomenų banko pridedamoji vertė
Authors: Varnienė-Janssen Regina
Published: November 2016

Straipsnio objektas – Lietuvos ir su Lietuva susijusių publikuotų dokumentų teikimo į skaitmeninę erdvę raida nuo 1992 iki 2016 metų. Pagrindiniai sisteminiai mūsų šalies publikuotų dokumentų pasklidimo skaitmeninėje erdvėje veiksniai buvo bibliografinės apskaitos pertvarka, sukūrusi efektyvesnės sklaidos priemones informacijai apie mūsų šalies istorinį, politinį, socialinį ir ekonominį gyvenimą bei kultūros paveldo skaitmeninimo, grindžiamo atminties institucijų sąveika, įgyvendinimas mūsų šalyje, sudaręs prielaidas kurti vientisą publikuotų dokumentų skaitmeninį turinį ir bendrą prieigą prie jo. Šioje publikacijoje pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas bibliografinės apskaitos pertvarkai, sukūrus Nacionalinės bibliografijos duomenų banką (NBDB), kuris sudarė geresnes informacijos apie Lietuvos ir su Lietuva susijusius dokumentus sklaidos skaitmeninėje erdvėje galimybes. Publikacijoje panaudota Europos Komisijos elektroninės leidybos pridedamosios vertės grandinės koncepcija, procesų vadybos teorija bei kokybinė turinio analizės metodologija, kurios leidžia konceptualizuoti ir vertinti NBDB sukauptą turinį ir paslaugas. Sukūrus teorinį verčių kūrimo modelį, grįstą teisiniais dokumentais, aptariamos socialinio, kultūros, inovacijų ir finansinio kapitalo pridedamosios vertės. Kitam sisteminiam veiksniui, nulėmusiam publikuotų dokumentų atsiradimą skaitmeninėje erdvėje – dokumentų skaitmeninimui ir vieningos prieigos kūrimui, bus parengta atskira publikacija. Šiame straipsnyje remiamasi Nacionalinėje Martyno Mažvydo bibliotekoje įgyvendintų projektų, kuriems vadovavo šio straipsnio autorė, rezultatais.
Baltarusijos žmogiškojo kapitalo vystymas savarankiškų investicijų būdu
Authors: Makovskaya Nataliya
Published: November 2016

Šio tyrimo dalykas yra savarankiško darbuotojų mokymo organizavimo procesas ir savarankiškų investicijų šioje srityje veiksmingumas. Mokslinio darbo tikslas – nustatyti savarankiško mokymo organizavimo specifiškumą tam, kad savarankiškos investicijos į žmogiškąjį kapitalą Baltarusijoje būtų veiksmingesnės. Straipsnyje pateikiama lyginamoji analizė, kaip savarankiškas darbuotojų mokymas organizuojamas Rusijoje ir Baltarusijoje. Buvo analizuojama savarankiško darbuotojų mokymo sistema, tikslai ir principai. Atskleista pagrindinių savarankiško darbuotojų mokymo Rusijos ir Baltarusijos įmonėse bruožų specifika, taip pat įvertinti naujoviški savarankiško mokymo įrankiai, skirti įvairioms darbuotojų grupėms atsižvelgiant į amžių ir darbo stažą.
An evaluation of the health and wellbeing needs of employees: An organizational case study
Authors: Chetty Laran
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Workplace health and wellbeing is a major public health issue for employers. Wellbeing health initiatives are known to be cost-effective, especially when the programs are targeted and matched to the health problems of the specific population. The aim of this paper is to gather information about the health and wellbeing needs and resources of employees at one British organization.

Subjects and Methods

A crosssectional survey was carried out to explore the health and wellbeing needs and resources of employees at one British organization. All employees were invited to participate in the survey, and, therefore, sampling was not necessary.

Results

838 questionnaires were viable and included in the analysis. Employees reported “feeling happier at work” was the most important factor promoting their health and wellbeing. Physical tasks, such as “moving and handling” were reported to affect employee health and wellbeing the most. The “provision of physiotherapy” was the most useful resource at work. In all, 75% felt that maintaining a healthy lifestyle in the workplace is achievable.

Conclusions

More needs to be done by organizations and occupational health to improve the working conditions and organizational culture so that employees feel that they can function at their optimal and not perceive the workplace as a contributor to ill-health.
Characteristics of action of nitrosoalkylureas on cell level in winter wheat
Authors: Nazarenko M. M.
Published: November 2016

Here we report the cytogenetic characteristics of variability of mutation induction in new wheat varieties and some relationships between the means of the cytogenetic characteristics and different doses and types of mutagens. Analysis of chromosomal aberrations caused by mutagenic action of any kind of mutagen by the meto-anaphase method is one of the best known and most precise methods which we can use for determining the fact of mutagenic action on plants, and identifying the nature of the mutagenic factor. The strategy of investigation combined the identification of genotypes with a specific low-sensitivity to mutagenic factors using cytological analysis screening of mutagen treated wheat populations with the approach of comparing different varieties by breeding methods to reveal their connections and differences, specific sensitivity to mutagenic effects on the cell level. Dry seeds of 8 varieties of winter wheat were treated by nitrosomethilurea at concentrations 0.0125%, 0.0250%, and nitrosoethilurea 0.010%, 0.025%, which are normal levels for mutagenic selection of winter wheat mutation. The frequency and spectra of chromosomal aberrations were investigated. The overall correlations between the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and the value of a concentration were at the level 0.7–0.8. It was established that the fragments-bridges ratio is a reliable parameter for identifyingthe nature of mutagen. We identified genotypes and groups of genotypes which have a resistance to different types of mutagenic action. The resistance of a group is dependant on the breeding method of the variety initially obtained. It expressed as a decrease in the frequency of aberrations. Varieties obtained through chemical mutagenesis were less sensitive to the same chemical mutagens. Higher rates of chromosomal aberrations were typical for varieties obtained through field hybridization without any mutagen treatment or when the initial material was changed by low temperatures.
Method of ecological assessment of oil-contaminated soils
Authors: Romaniuk O. I. , Shevchyk L. Z. , Oshchapovskyy I. V. , Zhak T. V.
Published: November 2016

A method for determination of the ecological condition of oil-contaminated soils was developed. This method is suitable for use in a wide range of oil concentrations in soil, ranging from 0–20% and provides a quantitative assessment of phytotoxicity – effective toxicity. The method involves the germination on the investigated soil (moisture 33.3%) in closed Petri dishes in the dark at +24ºС of seeds of test objects: Linum usitatissimum L., Helianthus annuus L., Fagopyrum vulgare St. We used for biotesting initial growth parameters of test objects during 5 days of growth, whenthe toxic effect of oil is quite evident, but other damaging factors do not become apparent. For each test object, an optimal oil concentration range is suggested. At low concentrations of oil in the soil <1% it is appropriate to use F. vulgare, at higher concentrations 1.0–2.5% –L. usitatissimum, H. annuus; 10.0–15.0% –L. usitatissimum, F. vulgare; for intervals 2.5–10.0% 15.0–17.0% application of each of three plant species is possible: L. usitatissimum, H. annuus, F. vulgare. We proved that the best estimate of toxicity is possible on the basis of the value of effective toxicity (Tef). The linear relationship between concentration of oil in the soil and Tef is established. Effective toxicity was calculated for any of the proposed test objects and joint use of them will increase the accuracy of research. Effective toxicity characterizes the total impact of toxicants on the growth parameters of plant test-objects and is calculated as the sum of factors inhibiting germination, growth of root and shoot minus the number of recorded parameters. The total assessment of toxicity is based on phytotoxicity which is equal to effective toxicity on L. usitatissimum, H. annuus, and a half of effective toxicity on F. vulgare. A scale of toxicity of oil-contaminated soils is suggested, which shows the relationship between phytotoxicity, content of oil in soil and pollution level. It is established that for the soils polluted by oil with concentration <0.4%, phytotoxicity is <0.6, and the level of pollution is characterized as admissible. If the concentration of oil in the soil is 0.4–2.5%, phytotoxicity is 0.6–1.5; the level of pollution – threatening. If the oil concentration in the soil is 2.5–10.0%, phytotoxicity is 1.5–3.0; pollution level – pre-crisis. For soils polluted by oil at the level 10.0–15.0% phytotoxicity – 3.0–4.0; pollution level – crisis, and for soils with oil concentration >15.0% phytotoxicity is >4.0; the level of pollution – catastrophic. The method was tested on an industrial area – dumps of the Borislav Ozokerite Mine. Environmental maps of toxicity drawn up using different test objects: L. usitatissimum, H. annuus, F. vulgare were similar, which additionally confirms the correctness of the method. We recommend the application of the proposed method for identification of sites in a threatening, pre-crisis or crisis state, on which other physical-chemical studies can be further conducted.
Trophic structure of the fouling community in Odessa Bay (Black Sea)
Authors: Varigin A. Y.
Published: November 2016

The trophic structure of the coastal fouling community of Odessa Bay (Black Sea), which was composed of 10 species of macrophytes, 57 invertebrate species and 4 species of fish, was determined. The basic trophic relationship between organisms composing the community is shown. A minimization of interspecific trophic competition within the community is noted. The main sources of food material entering the fouling community were determined. We show that a significant proportion of food in the form of detritus, dissolved organic matter and small planktonic organisms enters the community from the water column. Filtration and pumping activity of sestonophage-organisms, particularly mussels, helps to attract food material to the community. Primary producers of the community are macrophytes and microphytes, which develop on account of their photosynthetic activity and ensure the provision of food to herbivores. The trophic group of detritophages consumes different fractions of the detritus which accumulates in the byssus threads of bivalve molluscs. In this context, mussel druses act as sediment traps, collecting detritus. Numerous polyphages, which are essentially omnivores and do not usually lack food material, were noted in the community. A small group of carnivorous invertebrates, whose representatives actively attack small animals, was identified. The abundance of these species in the community was about 1%, and their biomass less than 0.6%. Fish living in macrophyte weeds are the consumers in the community. We determined that the highest relative abundance (over 36%) in the fouling community was reached by sestonophages and polyphages. We found that the undisputed leader in the relative biomass (over 97%) in the fouling community ofOdessaBaywas the sestonophages (mainly composed of mussels). We determined that the trophic structure index of the community was 0.94, which confirms the significant dominance in biomass of bivalves over other species in the fouling community.
Spatial patterns of seasonal distribution of Corvidae (the case of urban habitats)
Authors: Matsyura A. V. , Zimaroyeva А. А. , Jankowski K.
Published: November 2016

Corvids in Zhytomyr city reach maximum density in the winter period. Rooks and Eurasian Jackdaws were the most abundant species in winter, usually feeding in multispecies flocks and forming collective roosts.Suburban green areas (buffer zones) were characterized by a considerably high diversity of Corvidae species: this habitat was occupied by all six species. We also registered the highest density of Eurasian Jays and Hooded Crows in this habitat. The green areas in the city center were also characterized by significant corvid density, especially during the breeding season. The maximum breeding density of Rooks was in these habitats, which held 6 of 12 identified urban colonies in Zhytomyr. We found that the European Magpies, Eurasian Jays, and Hooded Crows also had high breeding success here. Eurasian Jackdaws occurred here only in autumn and winter, when they fed together with Rooks on lawns, gardens, and parks. With stable snow cover the Rook density in habitats of the green areas decreased due to the depletion of food resources.The individual buildings zone of the city were characterized by the lowest density of all corvid species, except for European Magpies and Eurasian Jays. The number of common species (Rooks, Eurasian Jackdaws, and Hooded Crows) was low because of shortage of food resources, lack of sites for large roosting flocks and shortage of suitable nesting sites. However, Eurasian Magpies reached one of their highest densities in this habitat (12.8 birds/km2). This species was registered in habitats around private buildings all the year round, successfully nesting in the yards of private houses and on trees in the streets. Its breeding density was 11.2 birds/km2.During three years of research (2009–2012) the density of all corvids except for European Magpie, practically did not change, although we determined a slight positive trend for all the species. The strong increase in the number of Eurasian Jackdaws could be explained by the increasing density of wintering populations or due to the increasing number of migrants from more northern regions.
The problem of assessing the viability of invasive species in the conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine
Authors: Holoborodko K. K. , Marenkov O. M. , Gorban V. A. , Voronkova Y. S.
Published: November 2016

This article proposes a completely new method of resolving the pressing global environmental problem of assessing the capacity of invasive organisms to adapt to new environmental conditions. A new three-step approach to the evaluation of vital and ecological functions of invasive species is recommended. In addition to classic species and population surveys, it was proposed to apply a stress-resistance biochemical assessment of invasive species. Stress resistance can be regarded as the main response of living organisms to changes in continuous environmental components. The obtained results will provide an opportunity to give a qualitative prognisis of what adaptive capacity an invasive species has,what precise ecological functions and for what time period it can perform in a new ecosystem.
A new highly productive Propionibacterium acidipropionici FL-48 strain with increased resistance to propionic acid and the scaling up of its production for industrial bioreactors
Authors: Kartashov M. A. , Voinova T. M. , Sergeeva A. V. , Statsyuk N. V. , Rogovsky S. V. , Grebeneva Y. O. , Durnikin D. A.
Published: November 2016

Propionic acid bacteria, including Propionibacterium acidipropionici, are widely used in the chemical industry to produce propionic acid and also for food and feed preservation. However, the efficiency of the industrial production of these bacteria is limited by their sensitivity to high concentrations of propionic acid excreted into the cultivation medium. Therefore, the development of new biotechnological processes and strains able to overcome this limitation and to improve the profitability of the microbiological production remains  a relevant problem. A new P. acidipropionici FL-48 strain characterized by an increased resistance to 10 g/L of propionic acid (the number of viable cells after 24-h cultivation reached 1.05 × 106) was developed by a two-step induced mutagenesis using UV and diethyl sulphate from the P. acidipropionici VKPM B-5723 strain. The mutant strain exceeded the parental strain in the biomass accumulation rate and the amount of produced propionic and acetic acids by 35%, 20%, and 16%, respectively. The stability of such important characteristics as the biomass accumulation rate and the viability on media containing heightened concentrations of propionic acid was confirmed by three sequential monoclonal subculturings on a medium supplemented with 10 g/L of propionic acid. The optimization of the cultivation technology made it possible to determine the optimum seed inoculum dose (10% of the fermentation medium volume) and the best pH level for the active growth stage (6.1 ± 0.1). The scaling up of the fermentation to a 100-L bioreactor under observance of optimum cultivation conditions demonstrated a high biomass growth rate with a sufficient reproducability; after 20 h of fermentation, the number of viable cells in the culture broth exceeded 1 × 1010 CFU/mL. The new strain could be interesting as the component of silage and haylage biopreservatives and also could be used as an efficient producer of propionic acid.
"El oro que contemplan los gusanos, que lo disfruten los humanos". Crucitas y la disputa por el desarrollo en Costa Rica
Authors: Arévalo Villalobos Josué
Published: November 2016

Este artículo analiza el conflicto socioambiental de Crucitas teniendo como hipótesis principal que en el fondo se trata de una disputa entre modelos de desarrollo. Se entiende el desarrollo como una matriz discursiva que se expresa culturalmente a través de una triada de sistemas indisolubles: producción, poder y significación. Es un discurso que vehiculiza una serie de prácticas y trae consigo una relación social particular, concreta y capitalista. Crucitas puede comprenderse desde esta óptica, pero debe hacerse en el contexto del tránsito del Consenso de Washington al Consenso de Commodities; en la mutación del discurso del desarrollo sostenible y a la Costa Rica Verde y en el contexto temporal-político en el que se dio la lucha antiminera de Crucitas.
Migración de jóvenes guatemaltecos: nociones de masculinidad y el poder de la imaginación
Authors: Dietrich Sarah
Published: November 2016

Este artículo busca desentrañar la relación entre nociones de masculinidad y significados socioculturales de la migración de jóvenes guatemaltecos, quienes fueron detenidos en su camino ilegalizado a Estados Unidos y deportados a Guatemala desde México. Se plantea como hipótesis que la migración de jóvenes cobra relevancia en cuanto a procesos de socialización y subjetivación en el marco de la adolescencia como espacio de “(no)posibilidad”. Al mismo tiempo, se explora la importancia que adquieren los imaginarios sociales del “Norte” y la imaginación de estos jóvenes actores. Para ello, se hace una relectura de datos empíricos recabados durante un periodo de 3 meses de trabajo de campo etnográfico en un centro estatal guatemalteco de asistencia a menores no acompañados deportados desde México y Estados Unidos en el 2009.
¿Cómo borrar la letra escrita en piedra? Norma pétrea y reelección presidencial en Honduras
Authors: Treminio Sánchez Ilka
Published: November 2016

Honduras logró eliminar la prohibición a la relección en 2005 sin mayores obstáculos, mientras que en el 2009, el intento de reformar la constitución política acabó en un golpe de Estado contra el presidente Zelaya. En este trabajo se sostiene que la élite política hondureña ha transitado la ruta del cambio institucional por la vía judicial con el objetivo de evadir el fracaso. El titular del Gobierno ha conseguido quedar tras bastidores en el impulso a la reforma, pero distintos elementos permiten validar que es un estratega del cambio institucional.
Mamita Yunai: la literatura del comunismo costarricense como parte de una vanguardia política
Authors: Pietras Vanessa
Published: November 2016

La vanguardia política costarricense es un caso excepcional en Centroamérica porque se manifiesta a través del “Comunismo a la tica”. No obstante, su importancia radica en la formación de políticas sociales mediante una alianza estratégica entre el Partido Comunista, la Iglesia católica y el expresidente Dr. Calderón Guardia. Esta vanguardia política inicia su difusión por medio del realismo social descrito en la novela Mamita Yunai, en 1941, y por las proclamaciones comunistas dirigidas por Carlos Luis Fallas en 1955 sobre la huelga bananera.
¿El “Silicon Valley latinoamericano”?: la producción de tecnología de comunicación en Costa Rica (1950-2016)
Authors: Siles Ignacio , Espinoza González Johan , Méndez Marenco Andrés
Published: November 2016

Este artículo analiza el crecimiento de un campo institucional de desarrollo de tecnología de comunicación en Costa Rica desde 1950 hasta la actualidad. El estudio hace dos contribuciones: empíricamente, sitúa la producción contemporánea de tecnología de comunicación en Costa Rica en perspectiva histórica; y, a nivel metodológico, suplementa fuentes primarias de datos con entrevistas en profundidad. Se discuten tres procesos: (1) el surgimiento de un campo de producción de tecnología en el país (en la segunda mitad del siglo XX), (2) la estabilización de una industria local (en la década del 2000) y (3) el auge de modelos de producción tecnológica asociados a la noción de emprendedurismo (aproximadamente desde el año 2010). El análisis revela que la convergencia de múltiples lógicas institucionales ha resultado en tensiones que podrían socavar el potencial del campo para el país.
"La seguridad social en Honduras: actores sociopolíticos, institucionales y raíces históricas de su crisis", de Yesenina Martínez García
Authors: Barahona Marvin
Published: November 2016

Resumen del libro "La seguridad social en Honduras: actores sociopolíticos, institucionales y raíces históricas de su crisis", de Yesenina Martínez García
"Nicoya: su pasado colonial y su anexión o agregación a Costa Rica", de Luis Fernando Sibaja y Chester Zelaya
Authors: Acuña Ortega Víctor Hugo
Published: November 2016

Resumen del libro "Nicoya: su pasado colonial y su anexión o agregación a Costa Rica", de Luis Fernando Sibaja y Chester Zelaya
Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus strains in Hungarian maize fields
Authors: Sebők Flóra , Dobolyi Csaba , Zágoni Dóra , Risa Anita , Krifaton Csilla , Hartman Mátyás , Cserháti Mátyás , Szoboszlay Sándor , Kriszt Balázs
Published: November 2016

Due to the climate change, aflatoxigenic Aspergillus species and strains have appeared in several European countries, contaminating different agricultural commodities with aflatoxin. Our aim was to screen the presence of aflatoxigenic fungi in maize fields throughout the seven geographic regions of Hungary. Fungi belonging to Aspergillus section Flavi were isolated in the ratio of 26.9% and 42.3% from soil and maize samples in 2013, and these ratios decreased to 16.1% and 34.7% in 2014. Based on morphological characteristics and the sequence analysis of the partial calmodulin gene, all isolates proved to be Aspergillus flavus, except four strains, which were identified as Aspergillus parasiticus. About half of the A. flavus strains and all the A. parasiticus strains were able to synthesize aflatoxins. Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus strains were isolated from all the seven regions of Hungary. A. parasiticus strains were found in the soil of the regions Southern Great Plain and Southern Transdanubia and in a maize sample of the region Western Transdanubia. In spite of the fact that aflatoxins have rarely been detected in feeds and foods in Hungary, aflatoxigenic A. flavus and A. parasiticus strains are present in the maize culture throughout Hungary posing a potential threat to food safety.
Eschweilera compressa (Vell.) Miers (Lecythidaceae): a new record of a threatened plant species in Espírito Santo state, Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Michel , Mori Scott Alan , Alves-Araújo Anderson , Siqueira Geovane De Souza , Peixoto Ariane Luna
Published: November 2016

This paper provides the first record of Esch­weilera compressa (Lecythidaceae) in Espírito Santo state, Brazil. According to IUCN criteria and the Brazilian government, this species is assigned as Critically Endangered globally and Endangered nationally, respectively. Herein, E. compressa is regionally assigned as Critically Endangered in Espírito Santo, Brazil, which is justified by urban expansion, a small area of occupancy, as well as its occurrence outside protected areas. A brief description, distribution map, and images of the species are presented.
ANALISIS STATISTIK HASIL UJI BANDING NITRIT (NO2-N) DAN AMONIA (NH3-N) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN UJI DIXON DAN Z-SCORE
Authors: Wardhani Dina Sri , Nurbayanti Inna
Published: November 2016

Keabsahan pengujian dapat dinilai salah satunya melalui uji banding antar laboratorium penguji. Pada kegiatan ini dilakukan pengelolaan data hasil uji banding dalam pengukuran konsentrasi nitrit (NO2-N) dan amonia (NH3-N). Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi data ekstrem hasil uji banding dan mengetahui kompetensi dari laboratorium penguji peserta uji banding dalam menguji nitrit dan amonia menggunakan uji Dixon dan z-score. Sampel air yang diujikan sebanyak 500 mL yang dikemas dalam botol plastik tertutup rapat. Pengujian parameter nitrit dan amonia secara spektrofotometrik dilakukan serentak di lima laboratorium penguji, dengan kode Lab-1, Lab-2, Lab-3, Lab-4, dan Lab-5. Analisis dan evaluasi data hasil uji banding dilakukan menggunakan uji dixon dan z–score. Hasil uji Dixon terhadap data hasil pengukuran konsentrasi nitrit dan amonia pada lima laboratorium penguji peserta uji banding diperoleh nilai kritis terendah dan tertinggi yang lebih kecil dari nilai kritis tabel (0,710), baik pada data simplo (terendah 0,2577 dan tertinggi 0,1366) maupun duplo (terendah 0,2985 dan tertinggi 0,1045); sehingga nilai ekstrem tidak dianggap sebagai pencilan dan dapat dipertahankan. Hasil perhitungan nilai z-score data hasil pengukuran konsentrasi nitrit menunjukkan bahwa terdapat satu laboratorium penguji yang berada dalam kategori diragukan, yaitu laboratorium dengan kode Lab-4 (nilai z-score antar laboratorium Zbi = -2,1169 dan nilai z-score intra laboratorium Zwi = 2,6980); sedangkan empat laboratorium penguji lainnya termasuk dalam kategori kompeten. Berdasarkan nilai z-score data hasil pengukuran konsentrasi amonia, kelima laboratorium penguji berada dalam kategori kompeten, kecuali laboratorium penguji dengan kode Lab-3 (nilai z-score intra laboratorium Zwi = 2,2483); mengindikasikan bahwa keterulangan hasil pengujiannya belum memenuhi syarat keberterimaan
ESTIMASI SALINISASI TAMBAK BERDASARKAN NILAI DAYA HANTAR LISTRIK TANAH DI KECAMATAN SUPPA KABUPATEN PINRANG, SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Rahmiyah Rahmiyah , Sabang Rosiana , Arnol Muhammad
Published: November 2016

Salinisasi adalah proses di mana garam yang terlarut dalam air terakumulasi dalam tanah atau disebut juga dengan peningkatan kadar garam. Daya hantar listrik meter (DHL meter) atau electrical conductivity meter (EC meter) memberikan informasi yang lebih akurat tentang salinitas tanah. Tujuan pengukuran DHL adalah untuk mengetahui estimasi tingkat salinisasi kawasan tambak di Kecamatan Suppa Kabupaten Pinrang, Sulawesi Selatan sebagai salah satu indikator kualitas lahan. Kegiatan dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2016 di tambak Desa Tasiwalie dan Desa Wiringtasi Kecamatan Suppa Kabupaten Pinrang Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Pengukuran dan pengambilan contoh tanah dilakukan di 86 titik petakan tambak. Contoh tanah diukur langsung di lapangan menggunakan DHL meter. Dari hasil analisis di lapangan diperoleh nilai DHL berkisar 2,13-26,80 mS/cm yang menunjukkan bahwa tingkat salinisasi di kawasan tambak Kecamatan Suppa cukup beragam, namun lebih banyak dijumpai kategori bergaram. Perbandingan hasil pengukuran langsung nilai salinitas air petakan tambak dengan nilai DHL-tanah tambak menunjukkan adanya kelebihan dan kekurangan dari masing-masing parameter jika digunakan sebagai indikator kualitas lingkungan tambak air payau
KULTUR SEMI MASSAL KOPEPODA Harpacticoida MENGGUNAKAN FITOPLANKTON Rodhomonas DAN Thallasiosiera
Authors: Kurdi Kurdi , Miniartini Made , Sujarwani Siyam , Zailani Ahmad
Published: November 2016

Budidaya perikanan khususnya pemeliharaan larva ikan membutuhkan pakan hidup sebagai pakan awal. Kopepoda Harpacticoida adalah salah satu jenis kopepoda yang mengandung astaxanthin tinggi, asam amino esensial dan karotenoid yang larut dalam lemak. Secara biologi, astaxanthin tinggi, asam amino esensial dan karotenoid dihasilkan oleh fitoplankton (Rodhomonas dan Thallasiosiera) yang berperan sebagai sumber nutrisi zooplankton. Hal yang menarik bahwa ikan dapat mengeksploitasi karotenoid sebagai senyawa potensial untuk antioksidan yang berperan penting untuk menjaga kesehatan ikan. Harpacticoida merupakan salah satu jenis kopepoda yang dapat dibudidayakan untuk dapat membantu tersedianya pakan hidup dengan jumlah yang mencukupi dan kontinu. Harpacticoida dewasa mempunyai ukuran ± 200 µm. Pada stadia nauplius, Harpacticoida berukuran ± 38 µm. Ukuran tersebut sesuai dengan bukaan mulut larva ikan, oleh karena itu, ketersediaan nauplii kopepoda sangat dibutuhkan sebagai pakan awal, selain rotifer (Brachionus rotundiformis). Kultur semi massal kopepoda khususnya Harpacticoida sebelum ini menggunakan darah ikan atau air rendaman ikan sebagai sumber nutrisinya. Namun produksinya belum optimal, sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya kultur kopepoda dengan berbagai cara dan menggunakan berbagai jenis pakan alami. Pada kegiatan ini digunakan fitoplankton jenis Rodhomonas dan Thallasiosiera. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini untuk meningkatkan produksi Harpacticoida pada skala semi massal dan memenuhi sediaan pakan awal hidup berupa nauplii bagi larva ikan dan mengetahui mikronutrien anorganik yang tepat, dosis yang memadai sehingga produksi kopepoda dapat menghasilkan produksi secara optimal dan kontinu. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa panen Harpacticoida dengan kepadatan tertinggi melalui pemberian Thallasiosiera dicapai pada panen ke-9 dengan kepadatan 361 ind./20 mL, atau 18,05 ind./mL, sedangkan pada pemberian pakan Rodhomonas terjadi pada panen ke-9 dengan kepadatan 340 ind./20 mL atau 17 ind./mL
KERAGAMAN MORFOLOGI UDANG PAMA ( Penaeus semisulcatus ) DARI PERAIRAN SULAWESI SELATAN DAN SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Parenrengi Andi , Sulaeman Sulaeman , Hadie Wartono , Tenriulo Andi
Published: November 2016

Udang pama, Penaeus semisulcatus merupakan salah satu jenis krustase lokal yang memiliki prospek untuk dikembangkan sebagai kandidat spesies budi daya tambak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman morfologi dan jarak genetik udang pama yang berasal dari Sulawesi Selatan dan Sulawesi Tenggara. Principle component analysis (PCA) dan discriminant analysis digunakan untuk mengetahui keragaman morfologi antar ketiga populasi alami udang pama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa morfologi udang pama dari Munte dan Lampia (Sulawesi Selatan) berbeda dengan udang pama yang berasal dari Kassipute (Sulawesi Tenggara). Analisis kluster juga mengindikasikan adanya dua kluster utama, di mana kluster pertama merupakan gabungan antara udang pama dari Munte dan Lampia, sedangkan kluster lainnya adalah udang pama yang berasal dari Kassipute. Jarak genetik yang didapatkan memperlihatkan kekerabatan terdekat adalah udang pama yang berasal dari MunteLampia (5,424) dan terjauh pada udang pama yang berasal dari Lampia-Kassipute (48,350).Green tiger prawn, Penaeus semisulcatus is one of the prospective local crustaceans as a candidate species of shrimp pond culture. The objective of this study is to reveal the morphology diversity and genetic distance of green tiger prawn from South Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi. Principle component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis were used to analyze morphometric variations among the three natural populations. Result showed that the morphology of green tiger prawn from Munte dan Lampia (South Sulawesi) was relatively different with prawn collected from Kassipute (Southeast Sulawesi). Cluster analysis also indicated the existing of two main clusters i.e. green tiger prawn from Munte and Lampia as the first cluster and Kassipute as the second cluster. The lowest value of genetic distance was obtained from Munte-Lampia (5.424) and the highest genetic distance was obtained from Lampia-Kassipute (48.350).
PERKEMBANGAN EMBRIO IKAN TUNA SIRIP KUNING ( Thunnus albacares )
Authors: Hutapea Jhon Harianto , Permana Gusti Ngurah , Andamari Retno
Published: November 2016

Pemeliharaan induk ikan tuna sirip kuning dalam bak beton telah berhasil dilakukan di Balai Besar Riset Perikanan Budidaya Laut, Gondol-Bali bekerja sama dengan Overseas Fishery Cooperation Foundation (OFCF) Jepang. Pemijahan induk secara alami juga telah berhasil. Untuk mendukung program pembenihan ikan tuna, maka perlu diketahui informasi dasar yang dimulai dengan pengamatan perkembangan embrio. Telur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari hasil pemijahan secara alami dari induk-induk yang dipelihara dalam bak beton. Telur yang terkumpul dalam kolektor telur dipanen lalu diinkubasi dalam bak penetasan bervolume 200 L yang dilengkapi dengan aerasi dan sistem pergantian air secara kontinyu.  Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel telur dari bak penetasan lalu diamati di bawah mikroskop. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu yang dibutuhkan dari pemijahan hingga telur menetas adalah 18 jam 55 menit pada suhu air alami (27oC—28oC).
VARIASI GENETIK HIBRIDA IKAN GURAME DIANALISIS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MARKER RAPD
Authors: Nugroho Estu , Sundari Sri , Jatnika Jatnika
Published: November 2016

Variasi genetik ikan gurame hasil persilangan telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan marker RAPD. Persilangan antar koleksi yaitu Bastar-Paris, Bastar-Blusafir, dan Paris-Blusafir dilakukan secara resiprok. DNA diekstraksi dari sirip dan diamplifikasi dengan menggunakan primer OPA 1-20. Dua dari dua puluh primer mempunyai hasil amplifikasi dan pola pita yang baik dan digunakan untuk analisis selanjutnya. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata secara statistik antar persilangan yang diuji. Benih ikan gurame hasil persilangan antara Paris-Bastar mempunyai nilai heterozygositas tertinggi berdasarkan primer OPA-4 dan OPA-7 yaitu 0.2721, sedangkan heterozygositas yang terendah diamati pada benih hasil persilangan antara Blusafir-Paris (0.1116).
PRODUKSI BANDENG (Chanos chanos) MELALUI APLIKASI PUPUK ORGANIK
Authors: Pantjara Brata , Hendradjat Erfan Andi
Published: November 2016

Bandeng (Chanos chanos) merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan di sektor perikanan yang berkontribusi dalam memenuhi produksi nasional. Ekspor bandeng ke beberapa negara seperti Uni Eropa dan Amerika Serikat sangat prospektif untuk dikembangkan, namun bandeng asal Indonesia kurang disukai karena terindikasi mengandung zat kimia yang dapat mengganggu kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir produk bandeng organik semakin meningkat karena banyaknya minat masyarakat akan produk makanan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk organik terhadap produksi bandeng semi intensif. Pupuk organik yang dicoba adalah pupuk organik komersial (A) dan pupuk organik non komersial (B). Pupuk organik non komersial dibuat dengan cara fermentasi dari campuran limbah sayuran, ampas tahu, pupuk kompos, dan dedak. Padat penebaran bandeng pada masing-masing perlakuan adalah 15.000 ekor/ha. Pemberian pakan dilakukan setelah bandeng berumur 2 bulan di tambak dengan dosis pakan 2%-4% dari bobot ikan per hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan bandeng selama enam bulan mencapai bobot dari 1,98 g/ekor menjadi 232,4 g/ekor pada A dan 253 g/ekor pada B. Sintasan bandeng pada perlakuan A dan B, masing-masing mencapai 56,62% dan 60,82%. Produksi bandeng pada perlakuan A dan B, masing-masing mencapai 1.974 dan 2.309 kg/ha
Capacity of a nineteenth century iron-arch bridge in Leeds, UK
Authors: Okorie Aaron , Clapham Peter , Ndlovu Bowen
Published: November 2016

Leeds Bridge crosses the River Aire in the city centre of Leeds, UK. Built in 1871, this grade II-listed iron-arch structure is currently restricted to vehicles over 7·5 t (other than buses and fire engines) due to a weak deck. A proposed trolleybus system was planned to go over the bridge, requiring it to be reassessed. The single 32 m skew span bridge is made up of ten arched ribs – two external ribs made from cast iron with the eight internal ribs, plus all the cross-girders and bracing, made from wrought iron. This paper describes the assessment of the bridge using a three-dimensional space-frame model supplemented by a three-dimensional finite-element model of one rib. The assessment concluded that the strengthening requirements to carry the required vehicle loading would be limited to replacement of the mass concrete infill.
Impact of Peer Correction on Reducing English Language Students' Mistakes in Their Written Essays in PAUC and Learners' Attitudes towards This Technique
Authors: Itmeizeh Mahmoud J.
Published: November 2016

This study aims at investigating effectiveness of peer correction on students' progress in their written essays at PAUC. It also aims to investigate learners’ attitudes towards peer correction technique. Twenty sophomore English major students aged 19-21 years, who are taking Writing II course with the researcher, were selected to be the participants of this study. To achieve the aims of the study, the researcher used three tools: a questionnaire, a pretest-posttest and students' portfolios. The students had to correct and evaluate the essays, and respond to them during the lectures that each lasted for about 90 minutes. Results of the study showed that students have positive attitudes towards peer-correction and that most of the students were either interested or enjoyed this technique. Scores of the students in pretest-posttest showed significant progress in students' abilities in writing essays as they found more mistakes by the end of the semester. Comparison between essay number one and essay number eight showed a plummeting percentage of mistakes. It is recommended that peer correction should be applied in a modest and proper way, with the teacher’s careful monitoring.
The Effectiveness of Caricature Media in Learning Writing of Argumentation Paragraph
Authors: Syamsuri Andi Sukri , Muhsin Muh. Arief , Nurmayani Nurmayani
Published: November 2016

The research aimed to describe the effectiveness of the use of caricature media in learning writing of an argumentation paragraphin the tenth class of SMA Negeri 1 Bontoramba Jeneponto. The research design was an experimental research by using quasi-experimental research design. The research subjects were the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Bontoramba Jeneponto in 2015/2016 academic years which consisted of 131 students. They were divided into four classes. The data were analyzed by descriptive and t-test inferential statistics. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the learning writing of an argumentation paragraph by using the environment media and the writing ability of argumentation paragraph by using the caricature media, which was effective tobe used as a learning medium to write an argumentation paragraph at the tenth class of SMA Negeri 1 Bontoramba Jeneponto. Therefore, it can be concluded that the caricature media were effectively used in learning writing of argumentation paragraph.
Investigating Patterns of Reciprocal English-Persian Translation of Collocations by Iranian EFL Learners
Authors: Dastmard Khadijeh , Gowhary Habib , Azizifar Akbar
Published: November 2016

This study investigated patterns of reciprocal English-Persian translation of collocations by Iranian EFL learners. The participants of the study were 20 intermediate and advanced level students at different private language schools in Tehran city. The instruments used in the study was a researcher-made questionnaires used for translating collocations and involved 60 items including ten collocation types. The questionnaire was translated into Persian. Then, the English and Persian versions were given to the participants to complete. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS software. The results showed that there were meaningful differences between the two translations in ‘verb + noun’; ‘prepositions of time, place and manner; ‘verb + adverb’; and ‘adjective + preposition’ correlations. The most frequently used strategy used for translation of collocations in English-Persian and also in Persian-English translations was literal translation which is a type of direct translation. These findings indicate that collocational differences between Persian and English bring about errors in the production of Iranian EFL learners and a good number of errors in translations of collocational errors are directly caused by interference of learners’ mother tongue.