bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation on response characteristics of bi-swirl coaxial injector under oscillating backpressure
Authors: Chu Wei , Tong Yiheng , Li Xiuqian , Guo Kangkang , Nie Wansheng
Published: August 2024

The response characteristics of the bi-swirl coaxial injector under oscillating backpressure were investigated numerically based on coupled level-set and volume of fluid model. The backpressure oscillation frequency was set ranging from 1000 to 5000 Hz. The frequency and amplitude response characteristics of liquid films were analyzed under different injection conditions. The amplitude of the pressure response inside the injector was determined by the acoustic damping of the system. Due to the central gas core inside the inner injector, the inner injector manifold was found to be more sensitive to the backpressure oscillation. The frequency characteristic of the liquid film response indicated the presence of the characteristic frequency where the response amplitude was maximum. This characteristic frequency was linearly positively correlated with the mass flow rate of the inner injector, while the flow in the outer injector could suppress the response amplitude of liquid films. Meanwhile, the nonlinearity of the response was dominated by the inner liquid film and was also the strongest at the frequency with the highest response amplitude. The simulated flow fields showed that the oscillation of the ambient airflow periodically hindered the liquid film, leading to Klystron effect. Finally, it was suggested that the characteristic frequency was related to the axial velocity of the inner liquid film at the injector outlet and the acoustic length of the gas core. In addition, the response amplitude of liquid films was found to be controlled by the spray cone angle and the total mass flow rate of propellants.
Direct measurement of multi-angle evanescent field by whispering gallery mode of the microsphere and fluorescent spots in an optical waveguide fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Hu Yanjun , Dai Xingang , Zhang Hongru , Dai Qun , Niu Bowen , Jing Gaoshan , Li Yuan , Fan Guofang
Published: August 2024

Evanescent field (EF) has been widely applied in various micro-imaging techniques for its ability to excite surfaces. However, measuring the multi-angle EF remains challenging. In this paper, the whispering gallery mode (WGM) is observed in an excited microsphere on an optical waveguide (OWG) with a thickness of 0.6 mm, which is used to determine the diameter of the excited microsphere. A simple and nondestructive measurement method for multi-angle OWG-EF is proposed, which is based on the reliable diameter of the microsphere, determined by WGM and the TIRF spots. The measurement result for multi-angle OWG-EF shows a dynamic range between ∼180 and ∼2400 nm, which shows good agreement with the simulation results. The method synchronization possible for EF measurements and fluorescent experiments.
Acoustic noise analysis in multiphase fluid flow patterns within circular pipe
Authors: Nair Adarsh R. , Yoon Hyun Sik
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the numerical exploration of acoustic noise generated by different flow patterns within a horizontal circular pipe, employing validated numerical methods such as large eddy simulation, continuous surface model, and the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings acoustic model for simulating a complex three-dimensional multiphase fluid flow and acoustic noise. The research mainly focuses on the significant influence of flow patterns on acoustic noise generation through detailed analyses of pressure, velocity, and turbulent kinetic energy across three distinct source regions within the flow. Three flow patterns are examined. The stratified flow is characterized by the complete segregation of the two phases. The plug flow is defined by large, elongated bubbles typically moving in the axial direction with a periodic nature. The slug flow is characterized by the rapid formation of large, elongated gas bubbles separated by liquid phases. In the stratified flow, noise generation primarily stems from pressure fluctuations near phase interfaces. Plug flow exhibits noise due to bubble–surface interactions, particularly near the outlet. Slug flow generates noise from interactions between liquid waves and the pipe surface. Comparing sound pressure levels across flow patterns reveals higher noise levels in the plug and slug flows compared to the stratified flow, attributed to their disruptive nature. Total sound pressure level analysis indicates slug flow as the highest noise producer, highlighting phenomena such as interface breaking. The present study will contribute to effective mitigation strategies in engineering applications by providing an understanding of flow dynamics and noise generation mechanisms.
Slurry flow mechanism with time-varying viscosity in regional long-hole grouting for floor reinforcement
Authors: Duan Jianhua , Mu Wenqiang , Li Lianchong , Han Yunchun , Zhang Yongshu , Ren Bo
Published: August 2024

As deep coal mining has become more prevalent in China, ensuring production safety has become a significant concern due to complex geological conditions such as high-pressure water. To address the formation of water channels within the coal seam floor, regional grouting using long-hole drilling is a commonly employed on-site technique. This study focuses on analyzing the process of regional grouting using long-hole drilling based on field grouting projects. Theoretical models were developed for both overall and segmented grouting in near-horizontal drilling holes. Considering factors such as the time-dependent viscosity of cement slurry, pressure loss, and the gravity influence, calculation formulas were derived for different stages of long-hole grouting consisting of the grouting pressure in a single fracture. The validity of the calculation method, based on mathematical models, was confirmed by testing the distribution of cement hydration components using x-ray diffraction analysis. The grouting pressure gradually decreases along the branch hole because of slurry viscosity and pressure loss. The diffusion radius in a single grouted borehole exhibits a conical distribution along the spatial axis of the borehole. Building on these findings, the drawbacks associated with grout leakage in long-hole grouting were discussed, and its optimization methods were proposed, such as “staggered parallel grouting.” The results of this study are expected to provide theoretical guidance for the proactive prevention and control of water hazards in coal mines through the implementation of grouting techniques.
Effect of injection parameters on instability of detonation waves in rotating detonation engines with an S-shaped isolator
Authors: Kou Yitao , Guo Shanguang , Wu Yun , Zhou Jianping , Ma Ming , Feng Pengfei
Published: August 2024

In this study, the effects of three injection parameters on the propagation and instabilities of rotating detonation waves (RDWs) in a kerosene/air rotating detonation engine (RDE) with an S-shaped isolator are experimentally evaluated. The dimensionless parameter momentum flux ratio is considered a pivotal factor, and the influence of the injection geometry factors is analyzed. An empirical formula concerning the characteristic factor of oxidizer-fuel blending is derived to facilitate the RDE injection configuration design. The research reveals a significant correlation among the injection parameters, kerosene-air momentum flux ratios, and instability of RDWs. High dimensionless injection parameters do not necessarily result in a stable RDW phenomenon. Stable RDWs and unstable detonations are discussed under various injection parameters and momentum flux ratios. Additionally, a statistical analysis of the detonation instability is conducted, revealing two distinct cyclic categories: ignition-extinguishment-ignition and attenuation-recovery-attenuation. Two pathways of RDW instability propagation are identified to summarize the evolutionary processes of these variations and elucidate their mechanisms. Changes in the injection parameters cause the RDW to develop in two unstable orientations, resulting in the extinguishing and re-generating phenomenon of the RDW.
Numerical study of underwater explosion bubble dynamics based on a six-equation model
Authors: Liu Rui , Zhao Zitong , Rong Jili
Published: August 2024

In this study, a six-equation numerical model combined with a tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing (THINC) interface sharpening method is established to simulate the underwater explosion (UNDEX) bubble pulsation and jet process. The six-equation pressure non-equilibrium model was employed as a numerical model to describe the multiphase problem of UNDEX. In this study, the combination of the THINC interface sharpening technique with the volume fraction transport equation of the six-equation model is employed. During the MUSCL-Hancock method (MHM) reconstruction step, THINC reconstruction is applied to the volume fraction distribution within each cell, effectively achieving interface sharpening and reducing diffusion at the interface. Using the interface sharpening model, UNDEX numerical investigations were conducted under free-field and various boundary conditions. By comparing with the UNDEX experimental results, it was demonstrated that the numerical model accurately predicts the dynamics of bubble expansion, contraction, and jetting. The effects of buoyancy parameter δ and stand-off distance γm on the migration and jetting process of UNDEX bubbles were further studied. The results show that there are three distinct jetting patterns under the effects of buoyancy and the free surface Bjerknes force: downward jetting, neutral collapse, and upward jetting. When the stand-off distance parameter γm is large enough, the direction of the bubble jet obtained from the numerical model is consistent with the prediction results of the Blake criterion. However, when γm≤1, the Blake criterion fails, and the bubble evolution process can be predicted through the numerical model established in this study.
Rapid flow field prediction in patterned baleen membranes of balaenid whales during filter feeding by deep learning
Authors: Zhu Yawei , Zhu Yating , Ding Zhaohang , Ding Hao , Zhou Renguan , Liao Yifeng , Wu Jianing
Published: August 2024

Filter membranes are the core components of the solid–liquid separation equipment, and their control over particulate pollutants directly determines the effective operation of the system. The feeding of the balaenid whales, acting as an “oral filter,” provides new technical ideas for the design of traditional filter membranes. This study proposes a 3-input, 9-output UNet deep learning framework and applies it to rapid flow field prediction in patterned baleen membranes of balaenid whales during filter feeding, named UNet-BaleenCFD. The datasets are obtained through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations combined with linear interpolation, and the model is validated for the effectiveness against the revised theoretical model. To account for the differences in units and magnitudes of velocity and pressure, dimensionless velocity and pressure values are calculated in the loss function. Compared to the traditional CFD, UNet-BaleenCFD can accelerate by three orders of magnitude. Additionally, the predictions made by UNet-BaleenCFD are in good agreement with the results from CFD, indicating that UNet-BaleenCFD is a promising method for predicting flow fields in filter channels. This study can provide effective theoretical guidance for the development of new filter membranes.
Aeroacoustic investigation of side-by-side urban air mobility aircraft in full configuration with ground effect
Authors: Araghizadeh M. Sadegh , Sengupta Bidesh , Lee Hakjin , Myong Rho Shin
Published: August 2024

Urban air mobility (UAM) aircraft has emerged as the solution to the growing traffic congestion problems and increasing demand for efficient air mobility. However, noise pollution is one of the major concerns for gaining social acceptance as UAM is being designed for future transport in highly populated urban areas at low altitudes. The noise generated by UAM aircraft can exceed the acceptable noise level due to the ground effect when it approaches a vertiport. This study investigates the ground effects on the aerodynamic and noise performance of side-by-side UAM aircraft in full configuration by utilizing coupled vortex methods and acoustic analogy, respectively. The simulation results show that fuselage and ground directly influence the aerodynamic loads of the rotor blade, wake structure, acoustic signature, and noise directivity. As the aircraft approaches the ground, the sound pressure level (SPL) increases, and the impact of the fuselage becomes more noticeable, especially above the rotor system, due to the stronger upwash wake by the airframe and the ground. Moreover, the most pronounced ground effect on the noise characteristics of the UAM aircraft is the high-frequency tonal noise, and the overall sound pressure level (OASPL) in the aft quadrant of the UAM aircraft is higher than the forward quadrant due to the higher loading in the rear of the rotor plane. The results of the noise hemisphere analysis show that the maximum OASPL increases by more than 3 dBA as the altitude of UAM aircraft gets closer to the ground.
Dynamics of an elliptical cylinder in confined Poiseuille flow
Authors: Cai Xinwei , Li Xuejin , Bian Xin
Published: August 2024

Flows of solid particles in suspension are ubiquitous in both nature and industry. Compared to a spherical particle, the dynamics of a non-spherical particle in flow is much less understood, especially its interaction with a micro-confined environment. We consider an elliptical particle because its different aspect ratios can represent a large family of non-spherical shapes. To capture the complex dynamic interface between the particle and the flow, we employ the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method and benefit from its Lagrangian property. In particular, we consider an elliptical cylinder in confined Poiseuille flow and systematically study the effects of five factors: the confinement strengths, the particle Reynolds numbers between 0.1 and 10, particle initial positions/orientations, and the particle aspect ratios, respectively. We identify three types of periodic motion at steady state and they are tumbling, oscillation with either major or mini axis along the flow. In weakly confined channels, the particle always tumbles and has determined focusing positions off the centerlines, which depend mainly on the competition between the shear gradient lift and wall-induced force in the transverse direction. In strongly confined channels, the particle has steady oscillations at the centerlines, and its actual state depends on the Reynolds number, initial states, and aspect ratios of the particle. Our study provides a valuable insight into the dynamics of non-spherical particles in microfluidic systems.
Incoherent ultrafast energy transfer in phycocyanin 620 from Thermosynechococcus vulcanus revealed by polarization-controlled two dimensional electronic spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Jiayu , Zhu Ruidan , Zou Jiading , Liu Heyuan , Meng Hanting , Zhen Zhanghe , Li Wenjun , Wang Zhuan , Chen Hailong , Pu Yang , Weng Yuxiang
Published: August 2024

Phycocyanin 620 (PC620) is the outermost light-harvesting complex in phycobilisome of cyanobacteria, engaged in light collection and energy transfer to the core antenna, allophycocyanin. Recently, long-lived exciton–vibrational coherences have been observed in allophycocyanin, accounting for the coherent energy transfer [Zhu et al., Nat. Commun. 15, 3171 (2024)]. PC620 has a nearly identical spatial location of three α84–β84 phycocyanobilin pigment pairs to those in allophycocyanin, inferring an existence of possible coherent energy transfer pathways. However, whether PC620 undergoes coherent or incoherent energy transfer remains debated. Furthermore, accurate determination of energy transfer rates in PC620 is still necessary owing to the spectral overlap and broadening in conventional time-resolved spectroscopic measurements. In this work, the energy transfer process within PC620 was directly resolved by polarization-controlled two dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) and global analysis. The results show that the energy transfer from α84 to the adjacent β84 has a lifetime constant of 400 fs, from β155 to β84 of 6–8 ps, and from β155 to α84 of 66 ps, fully conforming to the Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism. The circular dichroism spectrum also reveals that the α84–β84 pigment pair does not form excitonic dimer, and the observed oscillatory signals are confirmed to be vibrational coherence, excluding the exciton–vibrational coupling. Nodal line slope analysis of 2DES further reveals that all the vibrational modes participate in the energy dissipation of the excited states. Our results consolidate that the ultrafast energy transfer process in PC620 is incoherent, where the twisted conformation of α84 is suggested as the main cause for preventing the formation of α84–β84 excitonic dimer in contrast to allophycocyanin.
Effects of labyrinth seal with jet structure on the performance of a compressor cascade
Authors: Xu Wenfeng , Zou Shilong , Ren Guozhe , Sun Dan , Lu Wenxin
Published: August 2024

The research focuses on the high-load compressor cascade with a four-tooth straight-tooth labyrinth seal. Jet holes with varying air inlet and jet positions are designed to investigate the mechanism and principles underlying the impact of adaptive jets on the performance of compressor cascades. The results show that the jet flow from the labyrinth seal to the suction side has a good improvement effect on the performance of the compressor cascade, which can suppress the influence region of the concentrated separation vortex and the wall vortex, improve the flow field structure, reduce the total pressure loss, and enhance the expansion capacity. What is more, the improvement effect on the flow field structure and the performance is enhanced as the flow rate of the jet hole increases. The most significant improvement in the performance of the compressor cascade is achieved by introducing air from the second tooth cavity, which can reduce the total pressure loss coefficient by 3%, reduce the volume of low kinetic energy fluid clusters by 9.48%, and significantly enhance the performance of the compressor cascade.
Theory and Monte Carlo simulation of the ideal gas with shell particles in the canonical, isothermal–isobaric, grand canonical, and Gibbs ensembles
Authors: Hatch Harold W. , Shen Vincent K. , Corti David S.
Published: August 2024

Theories of small systems play an important role in the fundamental understanding of finite size effects in statistical mechanics, as well as the validation of molecular simulation results as no computer can simulate fluids in the thermodynamic limit. Previously, a shell particle was included in the isothermal–isobaric ensemble in order to resolve an ambiguity in the resulting partition function. The shell particle removed either redundant volume states or redundant translational degrees of freedom of the system and yielded quantitative differences from traditional simulations in this ensemble. In this work, we investigate the effect of including a shell particle in the canonical, grand canonical, and Gibbs ensembles. For systems comprised of a pure component ideal gas, analytical expressions for various thermodynamic properties are obtained. We also derive the Metropolis Monte Carlo simulation acceptance criteria for these ensembles with shell particles, and the results of the simulations of an ideal gas are in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. The system size dependence of various important ensemble averages is also analyzed.
Classification of cellular automata based on the Hamming distance
Authors: Alfaro Gaspar , Sanjuán Miguel A. F.
Published: August 2024

Elementary cellular automata are the simplest form of cellular automata, studied extensively by Wolfram in the 1980s. He discovered complex behavior in some of these automata and developed a classification for all cellular automata based on their phenomenology. In this paper, we present an algorithm to classify them more effectively by measuring difference patterns using the Hamming distance. Our classification aligns with Wolfram’s and further categorizes them into additional subclasses. Finally, we have found a heuristic reasoning providing and explanation about why some rules evolve into fractal patterns.
Analysis of atomization characteristics and efficient synthesis of Mg(OH)2 in micron scale atomization reactor
Authors: Yu Honglei , Li Yunlong , Wang Dexi , Fan Lihua , Zhuo Maosheng
Published: August 2024

Utilizing magnesium chloride (MgCl2) in the ammonia method to prepare magnesium hydroxide (MH) flame retardant products holds significant importance. This study introduces a novel approach for MH preparation, leveraging atomization technology to enhance the ammonia method. An experimental device for atomization-enhanced MH synthesis was developed. Atomization technology alters the reaction scale of the original reactor, generating microscale droplets that diminish the macroscopic reaction scale to the microscale. Computational fluid dynamics simulations demonstrate that adjusting gas and liquid supply pressures effectively enhances atomization performance. Optimal atomization is achieved at a gas supply pressure of 0.3 MPa and liquid supply flow rate of 60 l/h, producing micrometer-level droplets. Experimental results reveal sharp x-ray diffraction diffraction peaks in the transformed MH product, exhibiting a smooth substrate, high intensity, absence of impurities, and high purity. The MH conversion rate peaks at 76.2%. This study pioneers a novel avenue for future nanomaterial reactor development.
DOT1L-mediated RAP80 methylation promotes BRCA1 recruitment to elicit DNA repair
Authors: Tang Huangqi , Lu Ya-Fei , Zeng Rongsheng , Liu Chaohua , Shu Yuxin , Wu Yupei , Su Jiajie , Di Longjiang , Qian Jinqin , Zhang Jun , Tian Yuan , Lu Xiaopeng , Pei Xin-Hai , Zhu Qian , Zhu Wei-Guo
Published: August 2024

Breast Cancer Type 1 Susceptibility Protein (BRCA1) is a tumor-suppressor protein that regulates various cellular pathways, including those that are essential for preserving genome stability. One essential mechanism involves a BRCA1-A complex that is recruited to double-strand breaks (DSBs) by RAP80 before initiating DNA damage repair (DDR). How RAP80 itself is recruited to DNA damage sites, however, is unclear. Here, we demonstrate an intrinsic correlation between a methyltransferase DOT1L-mediated RAP80 methylation and BRCA1-A complex chromatin recruitment that occurs during cancer cell radiotherapy resistance. Mechanistically, DOT1L is quickly recruited onto chromatin and methylates RAP80 at multiple lysines in response to DNA damage. Methylated RAP80 is then indispensable for binding to ubiquitinated H2A and subsequently triggering BRCA1-A complex recruitment onto DSBs. Importantly, DOT1L-catalyzed RAP80 methylation and recruitment of BRCA1 have clinical relevance, as inhibition of DOT1L or RAP80 methylation seems to enhance the radiosensitivity of cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro. These data reveal a crucial role for DOT1L in DDR through initiating recruitment of RAP80 and BRCA1 onto chromatin and underscore a therapeutic strategy based on targeting DOT1L to overcome tumor radiotherapy resistance.
Wnt7b acts in concert with Wnt5a to regulate tissue elongation and planar cell polarity via noncanonical Wnt signaling
Authors: Xie Nicholas , Landin Malt Andre , Adylkhan Aray , Rodeman Natalie , Moraes Borges Ricardo , Hwang Diane , Liu Alice , Smith Connor , Hogan Arielle , Lu Xiaowei
Published: August 2024

Intercellular signaling mediated by evolutionarily conserved planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins aligns cell polarity along the tissue plane and drives polarized cell behaviors during tissue morphogenesis. Accumulating evidence indicates that the vertebrate PCP pathway is regulated by noncanonical, β-catenin-independent Wnt signaling; however, the signaling components and mechanisms are incompletely understood. In the mouse hearing organ, both PCP and noncanonical Wnt (ncWnt) signaling are required in the developing auditory sensory epithelium to control cochlear duct elongation and planar polarity of resident sensory hair cells (HCs), including the shape and orientation of the stereociliary hair bundle essential for sound detection. We have recently discovered a Wnt/G-protein/PI3K pathway that coordinates HC planar polarity and intercellular PCP signaling. Here, we identify Wnt7b as a ncWnt ligand acting in concert with Wnt5a to promote tissue elongation in diverse developmental processes. In the cochlea, Wnt5a and Wnt7b are redundantly required for cochlear duct coiling and elongation, HC planar polarity, and asymmetric localization of core PCP proteins Fzd6 and Dvl2. Mechanistically, Wnt5a/Wnt7b-mediated ncWnt signaling promotes membrane recruitment of Daple, a nonreceptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Gαi, and activates PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling, which promote asymmetric Fzd6 localization. Thus, ncWnt and PCP signaling pathways have distinct mutant phenotypes and signaling components, suggesting that they act as separate, parallel pathways with nonoverlapping functions in cochlear morphogenesis. NcWnt signaling drives tissue elongation and reinforces intercellular PCP signaling by regulating the trafficking of PCP-specific Frizzled receptors.
Microglia-mediated neuroimmune suppression in PTSD is associated with anhedonia
Authors: Bonomi Robin , Hillmer Ansel T. , Woodcock Eric , Bhatt Shivani , Rusowicz Aleksandra , Angarita Gustavo A. , Carson Richard E. , Davis Margaret T. , Esterlis Irina , Nabulsi Nabeel , Huang Yiyun , Krystal John H. , Pietrzak Robert H. , Cosgrove Kelly P.
Published: August 2024

Dynamic brain immune function in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder is rarely studied, despite evidence of peripheral immune dysfunction. Positron emission tomography brain imaging using the radiotracer [
11
C]PBR28 was used to measure the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a microglial marker, at baseline and 3 h after administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent immune activator. Data were acquired in 15 individuals with PTSD and 15 age-matched controls. The PTSD group exhibited a significantly lower magnitude LPS-induced increase in TSPO availability in an a priori prefrontal-limbic circuit compared to controls. Greater anhedonic symptoms in the PTSD group were associated with a more suppressed neuroimmune response. In addition, while a reduced granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor response to LPS was observed in the PTSD group, other measured cytokine responses and self-reported sickness symptoms did not differ between groups; these findings highlight group differences in central–peripheral immune system relationships. The results of this study provide evidence of a suppressed microglia-mediated neuroimmune response to a direct immune system insult in individuals with PTSD that is associated with the severity of symptoms. They also provide further support to an emerging literature challenging traditional concepts of microglial and immune function in psychiatric disease.
A mathematical model of animal-human Brucellosis transmission in Armenia: Implications for prevention and control
Authors: Anyanwu Uchenna , Wang Yuqian , Walker Alexandra , Dimov Artemiy , Zinsstag Jakob , Akladios Youssef , Chitnis Nakul , Volken Sandra , Li Binyu , Paronyan Lusine , Manukyan Ani , Simonyan Jon , Markosian Tigran , Hattendorf Jan
Published: August 2024

Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease impacting public health and economies, is prevalent in several countries, particularly low- and middle-income regions. This study centers on Armenia, where the Veterinary Department of the Food Safety Inspection Body employs a test-and-slaughter strategy to control the disease. A dynamic deterministic compartmental model was constructed using seropositive reported data from humans and livestock (cattle and sheep) from 2019 to 2021. The model simulates the effects of enhanced test-and-slaughter strategies from 2022 to 2031 on brucellosis transmission among sheep, cattle, and humans. The results suggest that an increase in testing and slaughter rates leads to a decrease in infected populations among both humans and livestock. Approximately 65% of the human brucellosis cases are a result of sheep-to-human transmissions. This reduction in infected populations is expected to subsequently lower the overall transmission rates in livestock and humans. However, even with the highest coverage levels (75% for sheep and 90% for cattle), infections in humans and livestock are projected to persist. The study highlights the need for a One Health approach that integrates mathematical modeling with public health intervention strategies. While the upgraded test-and-slaughter strategy could prove effective, an economic analysis of the predicted cumulative incidence in humans and livestock prevalence could guide decision making processes. Compensation for culled animals is a critical factor. The success of the intervention relies on collaboration between veterinary and public health sectors, community engagement, and awareness campaigns.

One Health impact statement

This study applied a mathematical model to investigate brucellosis transmission within the livestock population and from animals to humans. It assessed the impact of different test-and-slaughter coverage levels from 2022 to 2031 on disease burden and livestock populations. Although the research did not encompass the entire One Health spectrum, it shed light on the potential benefits of integrating human and animal health interventions. Local institutions (such as the Food Safety and Inspectorate Body and the National Centre for Disease Control in Armenia) and international collaboration among scientists contributed to a better understanding and controlling zoonotic diseases. The findings offer valuable insights for decision making, aiding Armenian policy makers in effectively managing brucellosis and enhancing public health, food safety, and monetary savings. Furthermore, the research provides a basis for further exploration in this field.
The partitioning of TCR repertoires by thymic selection
Authors: Lo Wan-Lin , Huseby Eric S.
Published: August 2024

αβ T cells are critical components of the adaptive immune system; they maintain tissue and immune homeostasis during health, provide sterilizing immunity after pathogen infection, and are capable of eliminating transformed tumor cells. Fundamental to these distinct functions is the ligand specificity of the unique antigen receptor expressed on each mature T cell (TCR), which endows lymphocytes with the ability to behave in a cell-autonomous, disease context–specific manner. Clone-specific behavioral properties are initially established during T cell development when thymocytes use TCR recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and MHC-like ligands to instruct survival versus death and to differentiate into a plethora of inflammatory and regulatory T cell lineages. Here, we review the ligand specificity of the preselection thymocyte repertoire and argue that developmental stage–specific alterations in TCR signaling control cross-reactivity and foreign versus self-specificity of T cell sublineages.
Tumor cell–intrinsic Piezo2 drives radioresistance by impairing CD8+ T cell stemness maintenance
Authors: Miao Naijun , Cao Dongqing , Jin Jingsi , Ma Guizhi , Yu Haihui , Qu Junwen , Li Guiping , Gao Caixia , Dong Dong , Xia Fan , Li Wenwen
Published: August 2024

Changes in mechanosensitive ion channels following radiation have seldom been linked to therapeutic sensitivity or specific factors involved in antitumor immunity. Here, in this study, we found that the mechanical force sensor, Piezo2, was significantly upregulated in tumor cells after radiation, and Piezo2 knockout in tumor cells enhanced tumor growth suppression by radiotherapy. Specifically, loss of Piezo2 in tumor cells induced their IL-15 expression via unleashing JAK2/STAT1/IRF-1 axis after radiation. This increase in IL-15 activates IL-15Rα on tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, thereby leading to their augmented effector and stem cell–like properties, along with reduced terminal exhausted feature. Importantly, Piezo2 expression was negatively correlated with CD8 infiltration, as well as with radiosensitivity of patients with rectum adenocarcinoma receiving radiotherapy treatment. Together, our findings reveal that tumor cell–intrinsic Piezo2 induces radioresistance by dampening the IRF-1/IL-15 axis, thus leading to impaired CD8+ T cell–dependent antitumor responses, providing insights into the further development of combination strategies to treat radioresistant cancers.
Iterative extraction of overtones from black hole ringdown
Authors: Takahashi Kazuto , Motohashi Hayato
Published: August 2024

Extraction of multiple quasinormal modes (QNMs) from ringdown gravitational waves emitted from a binary black hole coalescence is a touchstone to test whether a remnant black hole is described by the Kerr spacetime in general relativity. However, it is not straightforward to check the consistency between the ringdown signal and the QNM frequencies predicted by the linear perturbation theory. While the longest-lived mode can be extracted in a stable manner, the higher overtones damp more quickly and hence the fitting of overtones tends to end up with the overfit. To improve the extraction of overtones, we propose an iterative procedure consisting of fitting and subtraction of the longest-lived mode of the ringdown waveform in the time domain. Through the analyses of the mock waveform and numerical relativity waveform, we clarify that the iterative procedure allows us to extract the overtones in a more stable manner.
Discharge fault type identification of C4F7N/CO2/O2 mixed insulating gas for engineering based on product components
Authors: Cui Guangkai , Wang Cong , Yang Yuan , Wang Hao , Tu Youping , Zheng Zhong , Jin Hua
Published: August 2024

Perfluoroisobutyronitrile (C4F7N) gas mixture is considered one of the most promising alternative gases for SF6 due to its excellent environmental protection and insulation performance. At present, the Shanghai region of China has adopted 8.5% C4F7N-86% CO2-5.5% O2 proportion gas mixture as the insulation medium for 126 kV gas insulated switchgear and has put it into practical engineering application. This paper conducted decomposition experiments on the proportion gas mixture under spark discharge, suspension discharge, and corona discharge conditions, respectively. The composition analysis of the decomposition products was carried out using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry and a gas chromatography-pulsed discharge helium ionization detector, which got decomposition products of the C4F7N/CO2/O2 gas mixture under discharge faults mainly include CO, CF4, C3F8, C4F8, C3F6, and CF3CN. According to the decomposition path of the C4F7N gas mixture, this paper selected three primary decomposition products (CO, CF4, C3F8) and one secondary decomposition product (C4F8) for the correlation characterization of discharge types, and proposed the ratios of c(CO)/c(CF4) and c(C4F8)/c(C3F8) as the characteristic quantities to characterize the different discharge types. Finally, in order to accurately identify the C4F7N/CO2/O2 gas mixture discharge type, this paper chose the decision tree algorithm to build a identification tree. The final identification result indicates that the ratio of c (CO)/c (CF4) and c (C4F8)/c (C3F8) can be used as the identification criterion for typical discharge fault types.
Effect characteristics of ANFs/SiO2 layer self-assembly on the insulation properties of aramid/epoxy composites
Authors: Xie Jun , Hu Chengming , Xia Guowei , Zhang Youzhi , Qiao Longyin , Xu Bobin , Shi Xiaoyu , Xie Qing
Published: August 2024

Aramid fiber (AF)-reinforced epoxy (EP) resin composite materials are widely used in the application of insulation rod-reinforced components, but the adhesion performance between AFs and EP resin is poor, which easily leads to interfacial defects and even gradually develops into breakdown, flashover, and other faults. In this study, a simple, environmentally friendly, diverse, and highly designable layer-by-layer self-assembly modification method was adopted to assemble aramid nanofibers/SiO2 onto the surface of AFs. The modified AFs were then used to produce composite materials with EP resin. By testing the interface breakdown, flashover, and leakage current of the AF/EP resin composite materials, the influence mechanism of AF surface modification on the material interface insulation performance was studied. The results show that the insulation performance of the modified composite material first increases and then decreases with the increase in the number of assembled layers, with the maximum increase in breakdown voltage being 93.56% and the maximum increase in flashover voltage being 30.91%.
Remarkably improved photo-charging and dark-discharging current in a faradaic junction solar rechargeable device by regulating the morphology of a semiconductor
Authors: Wan Ziyi , Jiang Dongjian , Zheng Yuzhan , Fu Ye , Sun Xiao , Wang Bo , Cui Cuixia , Yao Changping , Luo Wenjun , Zou Zhigang
Published: August 2024

Two-electrode solar rechargeable devices can converse and store solar energy without external bias. However, the photo-charging and dark-discharging current of these devices is low and limits their practical applications. Here, the photo-charging and dark-discharging current of Si/poly(N-methylpyrrole) (PNMPy) photoanode increases 21 and 10 times by preparing nanostructured Si semiconductor, up to 5.09 and 2.06 mA cm−2, respectively. Further studies suggest that the improved current comes from higher separation efficiency of photo-generated carriers and new electron transfer paths on the surface of nanostructured Si. Moreover, a solar rechargeable device of Si/PNMPy/H2SO4(aq)/WO3/FTO was prepared, which indicated good cyclic stability. These results deepen our understanding on the current in solar rechargeable devices and offer guidance for the design of other high-performance devices.
AlN/ScAlN composite films-based spurious free A1 mode lamb wave resonator with adjustable effective electromechanical coupling coefficient
Authors: Liu Zesheng , Liu Yan , Chen Xiang , Xie Ying , Qu Yuanhang , Gu Xiyu , Tong Xin , Li Haiyang , Liu Wenjuan , Cai Yao , Guo Shishang , Sun Chengliang
Published: August 2024

Narrow-band filters are widely applied in the narrow-band Internet of Things (NB-IoT). To meet the diverse bandwidth requirements of NB-IoT applications, this work presents the first antisymmetric (A1) mode Lamb wave resonators (LWRs) based on aluminum nitride (AlN) and AlN/ScAlN composite films. The impact of structural parameters, including pitch (P) and duty factor (DF), on main mode excitation and suppression of spurious modes is investigated. The optimal P and DF are found to be 10 μm and 0.05, respectively. Based on spurious-free A1 LWRs, an AlN/Sc0.096Al0.904N composite film is utilized to adjust the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient

k

eff

2

. The experiment results demonstrate a tunable

k

eff

2

from 0.40% (5 MHz) to 0.25% (3 MHz), realizing a 37.5% adjustment range of

k

eff

2

, which establishes a foundation for narrow-band tunable filters.
Impedance matching design for capacitively coupled plasmas considering coaxial cables
Authors: Yu Shimin , Chen Zili , Xu Jingwen , Wang Hongyu , Wang Lu , Wang Zhijiang , Jiang Wei , Schulze Julian , Zhang Ya
Published: August 2024

Capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs) are widely used in plasma processing applications, where efficient power coupling between the radio frequency (RF) source and the plasma is crucial. In practical CCP systems, impedance matching networks (IMNs) are employed to minimize power reflection. However, the presence of coaxial cables can significantly impact plasma impedance and matching performance. We develop a comprehensive simulation framework for the IMN design of CCPs, fully considering the effects of RF coaxial cables. The model self-consistently couples a distributed transmission line (TL) model, a lumped-element circuit model, and an electrostatic particle-in-cell model. This coupled model is used to investigate the impact of coaxial cables on matching performance under various discharge conditions and cable configurations. The simulation results indicate that the optimal power transmission efficiency was achieved after 6 matching iterations. The power coupled to the CCP increased from 2.7 W before matching to 180.9 W, and the reflection coefficient ultimately decreased to 0.003. The results also reveal that neglecting the cables will lead to a decrease in the power dissipated in the CCP. The proposed method demonstrates effectiveness in achieving impedance matching for different gas pressures (75–300 mTorr) and cable lengths. It can be concluded that the matching speed is faster for an appropriate cable length. This work provides valuable insights into the role of TLs in CCP impedance matching and offers a practical tool for optimizing power delivery in realistic CCP systems with RF coaxial cables.
Dual-comb parallel sampling absolute distance measurements with an extended non-ambiguity range
Authors: Zhai Yameng , Jia Linhua , Qu Xinghua , Zhang Fumin
Published: August 2024

Precise absolute distance measurements are crucial in both scientific and industrial fields. Among various techniques, dual-comb ranging stands out due to its high precision and fast acquisition rate. However, the inherent periodicity of the comb pulse train leads to the limited non-ambiguity range (NAR) and periodic measurement dead zones, thereby impeding its practical applications. Here, we propose and demonstrate an arbitrary absolute distance measurement system utilizing dual repetition rate parallel linear asynchronous optical sampling. Based on the broad spectrum of optical frequency combs and wavelength division multiplexing technology, two sets of pulse trains with different wavelength ranges and repetition rates are used as signal pulses for simultaneous distance measurement. This approach straightforwardly extends the NAR to tens of kilometers by leveraging the Vernier effect. Additionally, incorporating a variable optical delay line in the reference path eliminates the measurement dead zones, thus enabling continuous measurements. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed ranging system exhibits an Allan deviation of approximately 0.32 μm at an averaging time of 440 ms. Compared to commercial interferometers, the ranging accuracy is better than 3.8 μm for a target mirror positioned about 7 m away. Overall, the proposed system provides a compact, fast, high-precision, and dead-zone-free long-distance ranging solution with significant practical value for various precision engineering applications.
Development of a high-power testing system for piezoelectric ceramic material
Authors: Tao Chuanyang , Xiong Yuansheng , Zhong Meipeng , Wang Gonghai , Zhou Yuqing
Published: August 2024

Traditionally, the testing of piezoelectric material loss occurs under low-power conditions, limiting the accurate assessment of the high-power mechanical quality factor. To address this limitation, this study proposes a high-power testing method and device for evaluating the performance of piezoelectric ceramics in practical applications. This method involves determining the resonant frequency of the sample and applying that specific frequency to drive it. The laser doppler vibrometer collects the displacement signal of the sample vibration. Subsequently, the oscilloscope records the current signal, and the data is analyzed using a terminal device to assess the high-power characteristics of the sample. To simulate a high vibration speed working environment, an applied voltage induces vibration on the sample’s surface until the maximum vibration speed is reached, at which point it is short-circuited. This method is capable of analyzing the high-power characteristics of piezoelectric ceramic materials, facilitating a further assessment of the variation of their mechanical quality factor under high-power conditions as a function of vibration velocity.
Compact side-viewing interference microscope for inner surface micro-scale topography measurement
Authors: Liu Qian , Huang Xiaojin , Li Mengxia , Li Lulu
Published: August 2024

Inner surface micro-scale topography is a concerned aspect in precise pipe-type workpiece manufacturing. To realize nondestructive measurement of pipe-type workpieces, in this paper a compact side-viewing interference microscope (CSIM) is proposed and a prototype is developed. Based on the Michelson-type configuration, a special interference objective is designed, in which the object plane is placed at the side of the objective to realize side viewing. To avoid mechanical scanning and reduce the measuring head size, a polarization interferometric method is employed by using a pixelated polarization camera to achieve phase shifting. The response of four polarization channels is calibrated with a simple spatial carrier method, and the surface reconstruction error is reduced by half with least-squares fittings compensation. Experiments verify that the CSIM achieves high axial resolution and roughness measurement accuracy up to the sub-nanometer level. Two pipe-type workpieces made of different materials, of which the minimum diameter is 42 mm, are successfully measured with the developed CSIM.
Research on MEMS gyroscope motion signal processing method based on stochastic resonance and optimized mode decomposition
Authors: Lu Jinbo , Ran Qi , Wang Hongyan , Tan Kunyu , Pei Zhen , Chen Jinling
Published: August 2024

In order to process the motion signals of micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes more effectively, this paper proposes a method that combines tri-stable stochastic resonance (TSR) and optimal mode decomposition improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN). Firstly, we combined TSR with the crown porcupine optimization (CPO) algorithm and ICEEMDAN to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of MEMS gyroscope motion signals. On this basis, the signals are decomposed into many intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Secondly, the multi-scale permutation entropy (MPE) and dynamic time warping (DTW) are used to form the IMF component judgment criteria, which decompose these IMF components into noise, aliasing, and signal components. Then, Savitzky–Golay (SG) filter and wavelet packet threshold filter are used to filter the noise component and aliasing component separately, and the filtered results are superimposed with the original signal component to obtain the reconstructed signal. Finally, the proposed method is validated through simulation signals and measured motion signals from MEMS gyroscopes, and the results show its effectiveness and practicality.