bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Znanje i preporuke o sigurnom spavanju dojenčadi među pedijatrima primarne zdravstvene zaštite u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj, Dubrovačko-neretvanskoj i Bjelovarsko-bilogorskoj županiji
Authors: Barbir Ivana , Čatipović Marija , Radonić Marija , Grković Irena Zakarija
Published: November 2024

Cilj: Istražiti poznavanje rizičnih čimbenika za sindrom iznenadne dojenačke smrti od pedijatara primarne zdravstvene zaštite uSplitsko-dalmatinskoj, Dubrovačko-neretvanskoj i Bjelovarsko-bilogorskoj županiji.Ispitanici i metode: Presječnim istraživanjem obuhvaćeni su PPZZ-i u SDŽ-u, DNŽ-u i BBŽ-u u razdoblju od veljače do rujna 2018.godine. Pedijatrima je dostavljen upitnik sa 18 pitanja koja se odnose na mišljenja o spavanju i dojenju, savjete što ih daju roditeljimasvojih bolesnika te znanje o SIDS-u.Rezultati: Analizirano je 29 anketa, a većina ispitanika je starija od 55 godina. Većina pedijatara (72%) tvrdi da rutinski razgovara sroditeljima svojih bolesnika o sigurnom spavanju. Pritom svi ispitani PPZZ-i savjetuju roditeljima da dojenčad stave spavati u kolijevku u sobi s njima. Njih 72% preporuča položaj na leđima, a ostali na boku. Više od pola (52%) ispitanika ne smatra da pušenje oca iliizloženost duhanskom dimu majke u trudnoći povećava rizik od SIDS-a, a 38% ih ne smatra ni da majčino pušenje povećava rizik.Većina (76%) PPZZ-a ne zna da hranjenje formulom značajno povećava rizik od SIDS-a. Polovina ispravno smatra da je zajedničkospavanje povezano s duljim trajanjem dojenja.Zaključak: Nedostatno je znanje PPZZ-a o rizičnim čimbenicima za SIDS. S obzirom na to da većina pedijatara rutinski razgovara sroditeljima dojenčadi o sigurnom spavanju, bitno je da budu upoznati s najnovijim preporukama.
Molekularne značajke i zoonotski potencijal rotavirusa
Authors: Šimić Ivana , Kovačević Alen , Krešić Nina , Škoko Ines , Konjik Vlatka , Guć Jelena Jukić , Krželj Vjekoslav , Tešović Goran , Brnić Dragan
Published: November 2024

Rotaviruses are one of the most important pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Among nine species,rotavirus A is particularly emphasised considering its prevalence and pathogenicity. Even today, apart from the substantial morbidityand hospitalisation rates in countries with high hygiene standards, it causes considerable mortality in developing countries. Suchimpact is especially evident if available vaccines are not included in the national immunisation program. Due to the nature of theirgenome, the evolution of rotaviruses is quite rapid owing to the accumulation of point mutations and genome reassortment. Therefore,the high heterogeneity and the fact that nowadays there are 36 G genotypes and 51 P genotypes of rotavirus A, is not surprising.When direct interspecies transmission occurs, rotaviruses are mostly not able to efficiently infect or transmit in the new host. However,genome reassortment can result in the generation of new, potentially emergent, human-animal reassortants. Thus, it is necessaryto continuously monitor the animal rotavirus strains in order to get complete perspective of the potential animal reservoirs thatcould be responsible for the introduction of novel rotaviruses in human population or rotavirus genes in the genetic backbone ofhuman strains. Systematic investigation of rotavirus molecular characteristics in a certain region is of special importance before theintroduction or during the implementation of national immunisation program. Comprehensive research that would evaluate theanimal reservoirs and the zoonotic potential of rotavirus A strains in Croatian ecosystem is currently in progress.Key words: ROTAVIRUS; GENOTYPE; ZOONOSES; CROATIA
Neuroretinitis caused by Bartonella henselae: case report
Authors: Ferreira Sofi a Simões , Ribeiro Andreia , Neves Filipe , Pais Isabel Pinto , Torres Teresa , Meira Dália , Real Marta Vila
Published: November 2024

Cat scratch disease is an infectious disease caused by Bartonella henselae characterized by regional lymphadenopathy and fever.Although it may involve other organs, ocular involvement is rare (5%-10%) and may manifest as neuroretinitis. We present a case ofan 11-year-old patient admitted to the emergency department because of vision loss on the right eye, detected on a vision screeningtest. Ophthalmological evaluation showed disc swelling, peripapillary microhaemorrhages and macular oedema with lipid-richexudates, suggestive of the macular star pattern. Serological studies revealed elevated titre of antibodies to Bartonella henselae. Thepatient was treated with rifampicin and doxycycline, with optimal response. Neuroretinitis is an uncommon manifestation ofBartonella henselae infection and should be suspected in any patient presenting loss of visual acuity, along with the fi nding of discswelling, macular star exudates, and a history of contact with cats. Most patients recover most or all of their pre-infection visual function,however, a small subset of patients with particularly severe neuroretinitis may be left with optic sequelae. There are no randomizedtrials on the eff ectiveness of treatment but antibiotic therapy with rifampicin and doxycycline seems to shorten the course of thedisease and hasten visual recovery.
Biokemijski testovi probira kromosomopatija i njihova primjena u Hrvatskoj
Authors: Đurić Koraljka
Published: November 2024

Cilj je prikazati metode prenatalnog probira fetalnih aneuploidija u Hrvatskoj, s naglaskom na ulogu biokemijskih biljega u majčinojkrvi. Usporediti osjetljivost i specifi čnost različitih metoda prenatalnog probira u I. i II. tromjesečju trudnoće. Uspješnost probira(zadovoljavajuća stopa detekcije Downovog sindroma uz minimalnu stopu lažno pozitivnih u probiru) postiže se pravilnim odabirom vrste i broja biljega te ukupnom kontrolom i osiguranjem kakvoće probiranja. Ciljani kriteriji za probir u općoj populaciji trudnica su uspjeh detekcije >75% uz najviše 5% lažno pozitivnih rezultata. Modeli prenatalnog probiranja u Hrvatskoj koji uključuju biokemijske testove su: u I. tromjesečju trudnoće kombinacija debljine NN i biokemijskog probira sa sl.βhCG i PAPP-A u izračunuzajedničkog rizika (kombinirani probir). Potvrdna dijagnostička metoda je kariotipizacija korijalnih resica. U II. tromjesečju trudnoćetrostruki (nE3 + uk.βhCG + AFP) ili dvostruki (sl.βhCG + AFP) biokemijski probir. Potvrdna dijagnostička metoda je kariotipizacijastanica plodove vode. Optimalni modeli uspješnog probiranja trudnica prije primjene invazivnog zahvata koji zadovoljavaju navedene kriterije su kombinirani ultrazvučni i biokemijski probir u I. tromjesečju trudnoće i trostruki (nE3+uk.βhCG+AFP) biokemijskiprobir u II. tromjesečju.
Marshall syndrome – a challenge in medical practice
Authors: Lazea Cecilia , Manasia Rodica , Lazăr Călin
Published: November 2024

Marshall syndrome (periodic fever, adenitis, pharyngitis, aphthae, PFAPA syndrome) is characterized by recurrent episodes of fever associated with aphthous stomatitis, cervical adenitis or pharyngitis. Although it is the most common cause of recurrent fever in children, the diagnosis is rarely established. The aim of this study was to describe a group of Romanian children with Marshall syndrome. In seven children with PFAPA, the following methods were used: patient history, clinical examination, and determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The treatment consisted in prednisone at a dose of 1 mg/kg. The age at onset was 2.2 years and at diagnosis 4.8 years. The mean interval between episodes was 3.1 weeks and the duration per febrile episode was 3.7 days. The patients presented with pharyngitis (100%), adenitis (100%) and aphthous lesions (57.1%). The mean ESR value was 31 mm/h, CRP 7.8 mg/dL and leukocytes 17700/mm3. TNF-α remained elevated between febrile episodes. Six patients treated with prednisone had favorable evolution. In conclusion, PFAPA should be suspected in children with periodic fever associated with pharyngitis, cervical adenitis and aphthous stomatitis.
Holistički pristup liječenju dječaka s Touretteovim poremećajem
Authors: Jakušić Nenad , Klobučar Aleksandra
Published: November 2024

Touretteov poremećaj (TP) neurorazvojni je poremećaj s kombiniranim motoričkim i vokalnim tikovima. Etiologija bolesti nije jasna,ali rezultati istraživanja upućuju na važnost genetičkih faktora. U radu je opisan slučaj holističkog pristupa u liječenju desetogodišnjegdječaka s Touretteovim poremećajem. Primijenjena farmakoterapija bila je usmjerena na komorbidna stanja, a ne na same tikove.Remisija je uslijedila nakon godinu dana liječenja.
Nasljedne i stečene bolesti neuromuskularne spojnice u djece - novosti i smjernice u dijagnostici i terapiji
Authors: Barišić Nina , Ivanović Vanja , Bunoza Branka , Jakovčević Antonija , Slaviček Jasna , Sasso Ante , Sertić Jadranka , Novak Milivoj
Published: November 2024

Neuromuskularna spojnica povezuje akson i skeletni mišić. Nasljedne i stečene bolesti koje zahvaćaju presinaptički, intrasinaptički ipostsinaptički dio neuromuskularne spojnice uzrokuju zamor i slabost mišića. Genetički poremećaji uzrokuju oštećenje granica sigurnosti neuromuskularne transmisije. Autosomno dominantan obrazac nasljeđivanja slijede bolesti sporih kanala, a autosomnorecesivne bolesti su češće i karakterizirane težim kliničkim tijekom, kao što je u presinaptičkom defektu, defi citu rapsina i u bolestibrzih kanala. Stečene bolesti neuromuskularne spojnice su mijastenija gravis, Lambert-Eatonov sindrom, botulizam, prolaznanovorođenačka mijastenija te sindrom inaktivacije fetalnih acetilkolinskih receptora. Juvenilna mijastenija gravis najčešće jeudružena s protutijelima na acetil-kolinske receptore, dok je timom u djece s juvenilnom mijastenijom gravis izuzetno rijedak. Cilj jeprikazati varijabilnost kliničke slike bolesti neuromuskularne spojnice, složenost dijagnostičkog postupka osobito molekularno--genetičke dijagnostike te najnovije spoznaje o terapijskom pristupu. Napredak u razumijevanju molekularno-genetičke etiologije ipatogeneze kongenitalnih mijasteničkih sindroma je značajan i za dijagnozu, ali i za odabir odgovarajuće terapije. Klinička prezentacija mijastenije gravis u djece je vrlo heterogena, terapija je djelotvorna, no potrebna su dodatna kontrolirana klinička ispitivanjakao i kliničke dijagnostičke i terapijske smjernice.
Efficiency of interventions of primary health care providers in promoting physical activity in children and youth
Authors: RAKOVAC MARIJA
Published: November 2024

Physical inactivity is an important risk factor for chronic diseases. Its prevalence is high in children and adolescents. It is necessary to promote acquisition of healthy habits in these age groups. The primary health care providers’ potential for physical activity promotion in children and youth is not enough understood. Objective is to review the efficiency of interventions for physical activity promotion or reduction of sedentarism in children and youth, carried out by health workers in primary health care. Data source is Medline bibliographic database. The following selection criteria were used: (a) intervention study; (b) intervention undertaken or at least started in primary care setting, by primary health care providers; (c) participants children and/or youth; and (d) primary intervention goal – to increase physical activity or decrease sedentary activities. Study characteristics and intervention- -induced changes in physical activity are presented. Eight intervention studies met the inclusion criteria. Each included counseling or additional motivational techniques. In all studies, physical activity was assessed by subjective methods (questionnaire, interview). In two studies, objective methods were additionally employed (pedometer, accelerometer). Five studies reported a significant increase in physical activity. In two studies, the increase was not significant. One study reported a significant decrease in sedentary behavior. The longest follow-up was 12 months. A small number of studies and methodological differences preclude final conclusions on efficiency. Further investigations are needed. It is encouraging that the majority of studies reported positive short-term effects that can serve as an incentive for health care providers to incorporate physical activity promotion in their everyday work.
Response to salbutamol in children with acute asthma exacerbations
Authors: Milošević K. , Rsovac S. , Nestorović B. , Nikolić A.
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate response to salbutamol in children with acute asthma exacerbations in order to estimate the efficiency and safety of its administration in pediatric population. The study included 56 children with asthma (age range 5-12) who were diagnosed and treated over a period of two years. In all children, salbutamol was administered via nebulization, in doses of 1.25 mg in children aged 5-6 and 2.5 mg in children aged 7-12. Respiratory and blood parameters were monitored before and 30 minutes after salbutamol administration. In children with acute asthma exacerbations, respiratory frequency, potassium level, sodium level and PaCO2 decreased significantly after salbutamol administration, while PEF, PEF%, glycemia, PaO2 and SatO2 significantly increased. Hypokalemia due to salbutamol effect occurred in 15 (26.8%) children. Most significant improvement in oxygenation, with increase of PEF, PEF%, PaO2 and SatO2, after salbutamol administration was achieved in patients with mild acute exacerbations. Salbutamol administered via nebulization leads to the occurrence of adverse metabolic effects, hypokalemia and hyperglycemia. However, it can be safely used in the treatment of acute asthma exacerbations and demonstrates high clinical efficacy in the management of acute bronchospasm. The most effective salbutamol treatment is achieved in patients with mild exacerbations.
Age differences in the attitudes of kindergarten teachers about inclusion of children with disabilities in regular kindergarten
Authors: Sindik J. , Vukosav J.
Published: November 2024

The main objective of this study was to determine differences in the attitudes towards inclusion of children with disabilities among teachers in kindergartens according to age groups. The intentional sample of kindergarten teachers in Osijek and Zagreb were examined using the Expert Images about Inclusion of Children with Development Disabilities questionnaire. Dimensions of attitudes and beliefs about inclusion are mutually mainly low, but significantly and positively correlated. It turned out that older kindergarten teachers showed significantly more pronounced bias toward inclusion, but they knew more about the philosophy of inclusion and about the inclusion estimating criteria. On the other hand, younger kindergarten teachers believed that they had greater personal and professional competence to work in terms of inclusion. The existence of age differences in preschool teachers in the attitudes towards the inclusion determines the possibility of conceiving a differentiated educational program of inclusion.
Ectopic spleen with torsion of the vessels
Authors: Čizmić A. , Žganjer M. , Cigit I. , Grmoja T. , Marjanović J. , Žganjer V.
Published: November 2024

Wandering spleen is defined as a spleen without peritoneal attachments, attached only with its pedicle. Wandering spleen is rare condition in which spleen is located anywhere in the abdomen. Clinical diagnosis is difficult due to the absence of symptoms, unless splenic torsion has occurred and clinical symptomatology of acute abdomen develops. Sometimes, ectopic spleen can be found accidentally during other diagnostic procedures in abdominal cavity. Published literature discribes two methods of treating ectopic spleen: splenopexy and splenectomy. Splenopexy is a method of spleen fixation when there is no torsion of the pedicle or when after derotation the spleen can be moved freely with no sign of vascular thrombosis or splenic infarction. We report on a patient with the ectopic spleen torsion. She was living without any problems before torsion of the blood vessels of ectopic spleen. Splenectomy were necessary because vascular thrombosis and splenic infarction were observed after derotation.
Malignant transformation of urachal cyst
Authors: Leko M. , Ivelj R. , Bastić M.
Published: November 2024

A 5-year-old girl was brought to our attention due to abdominal pain. Physical examination and laboratory investigation pointed to acute abdomen. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a mass that differentially appeared as an inflamed collection. She was taken to the operating room and an urachal cyst was removed. Macroscopically, on section it looked malignant and histopathology revealed it to be a sarcoma.
Reproductive health state of adolescents and connection with some life habits
Authors: Vranješ H. , Džepina M. , Markus V. Juhović
Published: November 2024

Sexually transmitted diseases, especially ones caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), are an important cause of reproductive health disorders in young people. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of some behavior factors with the state of reproductive health in women having sought help at Youth Counseling Center, Department of School and University Medicine, Dr Andrija Štampar Institute of Public Health in Zagreb. The questionnaires and medical records of 579 adolescents aged 15-26 years, surveyed and reviewed in 2006 and 2007, were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age of adolescents was 20.3 years, the age at first sexual intercourse 17.5 years, and 64% of them had their first gynecologic examination. Only 34% of girls showed full knowledge about reproductive health, and for 47.1% of them the source of information were professionals; 21.8% of subjects had three or more sexual partners; 33.2% of them had partners that had three or more sexual partners themselves; and 28.8% smoked cigarettes every day. The prevalence of pathologically altered Pap tests in female adolescents was 58.0%: mainly due to the low level of squamous intraepithelial lesion (34.9%) and inflammation (23.1%); 12.1% of adolescents had changes characteristic of HPV infection, and the high-risk HPV type was detected in 21.4% of them. Study results showed a significantly higher risk of abnormal Pap test results in adolescents whose former partner number was three or more and in those that were in relationship with a partner who also had three or more sexual partners (OR 1.8), and those who smoked cigarettes on a daily basis (OR 2.1). The increased risk was not confirmed in female adolescents reporting irregular condom use (OR 1.03). The results indicated the importance of introducing highschool counseling and academic centers that may early include and take care of couples and to preserve the reproductive health of young people.
Haemophilia in the paediatric department, KBC Split: prevention of bleeding
Authors: Čulić S. , Ozretić L. , Kuljiš D. , Armanda V.
Published: November 2024

Haemophilia is a genetic haemorrhagic disorder characterised by the absence of VIII or IX coagulation factors and is treated with supplemental factors VIII or IX. Haemophilia A is the most common and accounts for 70% of all inherited coagulopathies. At the Paediatric Department, KBC Split from January, 1st 2003 to February 15 2008 28 haemophiliacs were registered, 21 with haemophilia A (75%), and 7 with haemophilia B (25%). 8 (38%) patients had mild haemophilia A , 6 (29%) moderate, and 7 (33%) severe. Two children (29%) had moderate haemophilia B, and 5 (71%) severe. 12 (42%) patients received monthly prophylaxis, 6 with severe haemophilia A (67%), and 3 (33%) with severe haemophilia B. Children were treated in the outpatients’ clinic for 649 days, on average 6 days, most often because of an ankle, elbow, and knee injury or epistaxis. Children were hospitalized 17 times, 79% with haemophilia A, and 21% with haemophilia B, mostly because of head, frontal thoracic and joint injuries. Hospitalisation lasted on average 8 days. Inhibitors were not registered, while two children developed mild haemophilic arthropathy.
Sexual abuse of children: diagnostic examination and factors affecting the disclosure
Authors: Čorić V. , Flander G. Buljan , Štimac D.
Published: November 2024

Sexual abuse of children is a widespread social and public health problem. Most cases of sexual abuse of children are not reported, mainly due to fear and/or insufficient knowledge about the problem. The primary responsibility of a paediatrician is child protection. Adequate multidisciplinary examination of the child may be crucial in preventing consequences for the child, the family and the society as a whole. Numerous factors affect the disclosure of sexual abuse of children.
Lenticulostriatal vasculopathy (LSV) – a marker for congenital CMV infection?
Authors: Đuranović V. , Mejaški - Bošnjak V. , Lujić L. , Krakar G. , Gojmerac T. , Lončarević D.
Published: November 2024

Lenticulostriatal vasculopathy (LSV) is an ultrasonographic (US) brain lesion which appears as branched candlestick - shaped echogenicities or hyperechogenic punctuations located within the basal ganglia (BG) and the thalamus. It has been reported in 0.27- 2.5% live neonates, 5.1-32% preterm infants and 1.9-5.,8% ill neonates, the most often in those with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Congenital CMV infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates and infants. Brain ultrasonography (US) showed: abnormal echogenicity of the parenchyma, echogenic sulci and gyri, ventricular dilatation, complications and sequellae of the infection (ventriculitis, abscesses, hydrocephalus and calcifications), disturbances of neuronal migration, cerebellar hypoplasia, delays in myelination, SE cysts and LSV. LSV may be caused by a variety of conditions including infection, haemorrhage, hypoxic-ischemic insult, hypoglycaemia, infarction, calcifications, vascular lesions, metabolic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities. Transfontanellar Color Duplex Doppler (TFCD) imaging confirms the vascular origin of these lesions with pulsatile flows as an arterial spectrum. It revealed in the first months of life, but after that time TFCD showed no more flow within the hyperechogenicities, suggesting true calcifications. LSV can be graduated as unilateral or bilateral, isolated or with coexistent abnormalities, grading to minor, moderate and major LSV. The aim of this work is to present TFCD findings in neonates and infants with risk for development of neuromotor disabilities. All infants have US findings of LSV in BG and thalamus. TFCD showed a flow inside during the first few months of life, but with no flow within the echogenicities at the end of the first year. We would like to perform an etiology and graduation of LSV with implications for neurodevelopmental outcome, especially in infants with congenital CMV infection.
Pattern recognition system based on a coherent diffractive correlator with deep learned processing of downsampled correlation responses
Authors: Goncharov Dmitriy S. , Starikov Rostislav S. , Zlokazov Evgenii Yu.
Published: November 2024

Deep convolutional neural networks are known for high precision of object recognition; however, processing of high-resolution images with the use of high-resolution kernels requires a lot of calculations during training and inference. Optical Fourier-processors and correlators provide highly parallel calculations that are robust to electromagnetic interference and potentially energy efficient. Article results demonstrate that the correlation pattern recognition problem can be efficiently solved by implementation of deep neural network for processing of downsampled output signals of coherent diffractive correlators. The results of neural network-based correlation processor architecture study, numerical training, and experimental implementation are presented and discussed in the article. It is shown that output signals of optical correlators being captured by a low-resolution sensor can be efficiently classified by a deep neural network that was trained on a numerically generated laboratory database of correlation responses. The use of auto-correlation peak-narrowing techniques such as phase modulation and contouring of input images or application of optimized distortion-invariant filters allow us to unify the form of auto-correlation peaks such that there is no need for retraining of the network if the target object is changed. Application of three trained network models with input layer sizes of 32×32, 16×16, and 8×8 for processing the downsampled correlation responses of different experimental implementations of 4-f and 1-f coherent diffractive correlators optoelectronic schemes, which include the schemes based on binary spatial light modulation, proved the possibility to perform recognition of objects on 256×256 images with precision above 92% and potential processing speed of more than 1000 frames per second.
Silicon-based three-dimensional waveguide mode switch based on phase change material
Authors: Zhu Mu , Sun Shijie , Lian Tianhang , Che Yuanhua , Sun Xueqing , Zhang Daming , Wang Xibin
Published: November 2024

The mode division multiplexing (MDM) technology can transmit multiple modes simultaneously in a few-mode fiber or waveguide, which can effectively improve the data transmission capacity in the process of optical communication. In this paper, we report a silicon-based three-dimensional waveguide mode switch based on phase change material (PCM), which uses a two asymmetric directional couplers (ADCs) structure. The two ADCs use a common few-mode waveguide as the underlying bus waveguide, and the upper layer is composed of two different single-mode waveguides covered with a thin PCM as the access waveguides. By using this structure and changing the crystal phase of the PCM, it is possible to achieve mode switching between the mode TE11 to TE21 and the mode TE11 to TE12. The designed 3D mode switch has excess losses <2.64dB and crosstalk <−15.4dB in the operating wavelength of 1500–1600 nm.
Spectral properties of Yb-doped AgBiS2 and AgInS2 nanocrystals
Authors: Karamysheva Sofia P. , Cherevkov Sergei A. , Miruschenko Mikhail D. , Aleinik Ivan A. , Tatarinov Danila A. , Ushakova Elena V.
Published: November 2024

Subject of study. The spectral features of nanocrystals with ternary compositions I-V-VI2 and I-III-VI2 doped with the rare earth metal ytterbium are investigated and described. Purpose of the study. The aim of this work is to develop a novel synthesis method for these nanocrystals to further examine their optical and morphological properties. Method. The average sizes of AgInS2:Yb and AgBiS2:Yb nanocrystals are analyzed using atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering, and the results are compared. Spectrophotometry and spectrofluorimetry are employed to record the absorption and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. Additionally, the photoluminescence decay kinetics are recorded using a laser scanning luminescence microscope for a deeper exploration of the electronic structure of the synthesized materials. Main results. Morphological analysis reveals that single-stage synthesis produced nanocrystals based on the AgInS2 matrix are smaller than the reference sample, while two-stage synthesis results in average nanocrystal sizes 1.5 times larger than the reference sample. The absorption spectra of the AgInS2:Yb and AgBiS2:Yb samples, as well as their reference samples, correspond to typical absorption spectra of semiconductor nanocrystals of ternary compounds. The absorption spectrum of AgBiS2:Yb nanocrystals, unlike AgInS2:Yb, spans a broad range from 300 nm to 1300 nm. In the photoluminescence spectra of AgInS2 and AgInS2:Yb nanocrystals, no significant shift of the band maximum is observed, and photoluminescence typical of Yb ions is absent. It is found that the weighted average photoluminescence lifetime in AgInS2:Yb nanocrystals can be modulated by ytterbium doping. Photoluminescence in AgBiS2 and AgBiS2:Yb samples is not detected in the red and near-infrared regions. Practical significance. These materials may be used in the fabrication of absorber layers for solar cells, as well as sensitizers for photodynamic and photothermal therapy. Further studies of isotropic samples of these nanocrystals could not only expand their potential applications but also enhance the physical properties of nanoparticles in the long term.
Density of electronic states in silicon nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 matrix and passivated by hydrogen
Authors: Gert Anton V. , Belolipetskii Alexey V. , Avdeev Ivan D.
Published: November 2024

Subject of study. This study is devoted to the optical transitions and density of electron and hole states in silicon nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 dielectric matrix and silicon nanocrystals passivated by hydrogen. Aim of study. The aim is to calculate the probability of optical transitions, density of electron and hole states, and absorption cross-section in silicon nanocrystals surrounded by different environments. Another goal is to adapt the tight-binding method for correct passivation of dangling bonds of silicon. Method. The calculations are performed using the variant of the tight-binding method that accounts for a large number of orbitals: s, p, d, and s∗. Main results. The local density of states of electrons and holes, probabilities of optical transitions, and absorption cross-sections of silicon nanocrystals passivated by hydrogen and nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 matrix were calculated. It is shown that the electron and hole states in hydrogen-passivated silicon nanocrystals are localized within the crystal, and optical transitions occur at wavelengths in the range of 440–620 nm. The presence of the SiO2 matrix surrounding the nanocrystal increases the probability of optical transitions and leads to the appearance of the local density of states outside the nanocrystal, with radiative emission in the wavelength range of 410–620 nm. Practical significance. The results highlight the feasibility of utilizing silicon nanocrystals in photonics and photovoltaics. They are expected to contribute to the development of technology for creating silicon nanocrystals with specific optical properties.
Luminescence of carbon quantum dots in amorphous carbon
Authors: Chekulaev Maksim S. , Yastrebov Sergey G.
Published: November 2024

Subject of study. The luminescence spectrum of amorphous protonated carbon (a-C:H) containing carbon quantum dots is studied. Aim of study. How the peak in the luminescence spectrum of a-C:H is affected by the presence of fragments with different configurations is determined. Method. The typical spectra are compared against those of the closest analogs: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with a small number of aromatic rings. Main results. Bright blue fluorescence due to the presence of an ensemble of graphene islands embedded in a diamond-like matrix is experimentally observed in a-C:H [Opt. Express 19, 17935 (2011)10.1364/OE.19.017935] and similar materials. The experimental spectrum appears consistent with a theoretical spectrum generated by superposing the non-uniformly broadened spectra of three analogs, namely, acenaphthylene, pyrene, and azulene (with each spectrum being assigned different weights). This research can be generalized to a wider range of carbon materials that fluoresce at short wavelengths. Practical significance. The results from this study of the properties of carbon quantum dots in amorphous carbon can be used to develop materials for conversion of ultraviolet electromagnetic radiation into visible light.
Integrated optical waveguides for quantum photon gates at a wavelength of 810 nm
Authors: Petrov Viktor M. , Parfenov Mikhail V. , Tronev Alexandr V. , Reshetnikov Daniil D. , Il’ichev Igor V.
Published: November 2024

Subject of study. The optical losses in waveguides designed for creating quantum photon gates at a wavelength of 810 nm were investigated. Aim of study. The aim of the study was to create integrated optical single-mode waveguides for quantum photon gates at a wavelength of 810 nm and to estimate optical losses acceptable for maintaining the necessary degree of photon-pair entanglement. Method. The waveguides were manufactured through thermal diffusion of titanium ions into a substrate composed of an X-slice of nominally pure lithium niobate (LiNbO3). Optical losses were estimated by experimentally measuring the loss per unit length of the waveguide. Optical radiation was coupled into and out of the waveguide using fiber segments, with one end connected and the other cleaved. A drop of immersion liquid was applied between the cleaved fiber and waveguide end, and measurements were performed for both polarization modes. Main results. Six groups of samples were produced, each containing waveguides with strip widths of d=3.0, 2.0, and 1.5 µm. The measured optical losses in the manufactured waveguides indicated that those with a titanium strip width of d≈3 µm exhibited the lowest losses. The estimated minimum optical losses for transverse magnetic and transverse electric polarization were approximately 0.20–0.25 and 0.1 dB/cm, respectively. Practical significance. The waveguides manufactured with a strip width of approximately 3 µm can be used to create quantum photonic gates in an integrated optical design. The chosen wavelength of 810 nm offers potential for near-future development of photonic gates, as one of the most accessible methods for generating entangled photon pairs involves using a 405-nm laser followed by wavelength doubling through a nonlinear beta-barium borate crystal.
Understanding the factors influencing nurses in managing patients with diabetic ketoacidosis in the emergency departments of referral hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Kajembula Ipyana Mbaga , Matheo Kornel Izidory , Simchimba Peter Damian , Masasi Elizabeth Habili , Chikwala Victor , Ambikile Joel Seme
Published: November 2024

Background

The quality of nursing management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in emergency departments may be associated with either increased or decreased length of hospital stay. Despite that patient with DKA need intensive care unit (ICU) admission, effective initial nursing management of DKA patients at the emergency department is important. Regarding factors influencing the effective management when caring for patients with DKA, it is unknown how Tanzanian nurses perceive these issues. Therefore, this study was aimed to explore nurses’ perceived factors influencing nursing management of DKA patients at emergency medical department (EMD) of two selected referral hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Methodology

A descriptive qualitative study design was conducted to explore nurses’ perspectives on the factors influencing nursing management of DKA patients. A total of twelve purposively selected nurses participated in in-depth interviews. The interview guide written in Kiswahili was used to collect data. All interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim, and transcripts analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Findings

Two main themes emerged from the study including facilitators of DKA nursing management and barriers to DKA nursing management. Facilitators of DKA management encompassed three categories including nurses’ knowledge of DKA, the availability of DKA management protocol, and nurses’ skillset to enhance DKA management. On the other hand, barriers to DKA management had eight sub-categories including limited training on DKA management, lack of autonomy, decisions disagreement, delayed electrolyte results, scarcity of medical resources, shortage of nursing staffs, logistics in emergency care, and lack of specific-nursing management guideline.

Conclusion

This study highlights facilitators and barriers to DKA management and underscores the need for comprehensive strategies to overcome these barriers and consolidate the facilitators to improve nurses’ capacity in managing patients with DKA.
Post-discharge tobacco abstinence in a Mumbai hospital after implementation of tobacco cessation counseling: A pragmatic evaluation of the LifeFirst program
Authors: Gupte Himanshu A. , Kruse Gina R. , Chang Yuchiao , Jagiasi Dinesh , Pradhan Sultan , Rigotti Nancy A.
Published: November 2024

Background

Hospitalization provides a key opportunity to address tobacco use. Few studies have examined cessation treatment in hospitals in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We aimed to measure tobacco abstinence among individuals discharged from a Mumbai hospital after the implementation of cessation counseling compared to abstinence among those discharged pre-implementation.

Methods

Pre-post intervention study in the Prince Aly Khan Hospital, Mumbai pre- (11/2015-10/2016) and post-implementation (02/2018-02/2020) of LifeFirst counseling. LifeFirst is multi-session (up to six sessions) counseling extending from hospitalization up to six months post-discharge. Primary analyses compare self-reported 6-month continuous abstinence among hospitalized individuals post-implementation (intervention) with pre-implementation (comparator) using an intent-to-treat approach that includes all participants offered LifeFirst post-implementation in the intervention group. Secondary analyses compare those who received ≥ 1 LifeFirst session with the pre-implementation group.

Results

We enrolled n = 437 individuals pre-implementation (8.7% dual use, 57.7% smokeless tobacco, 33.6% smoking) and n = 561 post-implementation (8.6% dual use, 64.3% smokeless tobacco, 27.1% smoking). Post-implementation, 490 patients (87.3%) accepted ≥ 1 counseling session. Continuous abstinence 6-months post-discharge was higher post-implementation (post: 41.6% vs. pre: 20.0%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.94–4.21). Those who received LifeFirst had higher odds of continuous abstinence compared to pre-implementation (aOR: 2.95, 95% CI 1.98–4.40).

Conclusion

Post-discharge abstinence was more common after implementation of a multi-session tobacco counseling program for hospitalized patients compared to abstinence among patients hospitalized before implementation. These findings represent observational evidence of a promising association between post-discharge abstinence and a hospital-based tobacco cessation program implemented within routine practice in an LMIC setting.
Clinical efficacy of optical coherence tomography parameters to predict the visual field outcome following pituitary adenoma surgery
Authors: Han Kwang Eon , Choi Heeyoung , Kim Su-Jin , Lee Seung Min , Lee Ji-Eun
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To investigate the factors affecting visual field recovery in patients with pituitary adenoma following surgical removal, both eyes of 35 patients with pituitary adenoma who had been followed up for > six months post-surgery were retrospectively analyzed.

Material and methods

Pre- and post-operative visual acuity, visual field test, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness were investigated. The average age of the 35 patients was 58.3 ± 11.5 years. Preoperatively, 30 eyes (mean average RNFL thickness, 99.73 ± 5.89 μm) and 40 eyes (mean average RNFL thickness, 77.55 ± 8.35 μm) were included in the thick (≥ 90 μm) and thin RNFL group (< 90 μm), respectively.

Results

In the thick RNFL group, pre- and post-operative mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD) were favorable (all p < 0.001), and the proportion of eyes of postoperative MD change which were stable or improved was greater than in the thin RNFL group (p = 0.042). Preoperative MD, RNFL (except nasal quadrant) and GCIPL thickness were positively correlated to postoperative MD values (all, p < 0.05). Preoperative MD and temporal RNFL thickness were significantly correlated with postoperative MD change rate (p = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). Preoperative GC IPL thickness and postoperative MD change rate were not significantly correlated (p = 0.61). Using univariate regression analysis, preoperative best corrected visual acuity (Odds ratio [OR], 0.050; p < 0.001), tumor volume (OR, 1.110, p = 0.002), higher preoperative MD values (OR, 0.858; p < 0.001), lower preoperative PSD values (OR, 1.169, p = 0.002), thick RNFL (OR, 0.215; p = 0.003) and thick GCIPL (OR, 0.305, p = 0.018) were significantly associated with a good visual field outcome following surgery. According to multivariate analysis, any other parameters were not significant. In patients with thick RNFL, postoperative MD values were better than in the thin RNFL group.

Conclusions

Eyes with preoperative higher MD and thick temporal RNFL showed more improvement in their visual fields postoperative. Preoperative thick RNFL could be a potential predictor of visual field recovery following TSA-TR, while macular GCIPL thickness does not appear to be a reliable predictor.
Exploring curriculum content for justice-oriented multicultural teacher education
Authors: Cho Hyunhee
Published: November 2024

This study aims to define the curriculum content for a multicultural teacher education that is both responsive to a social justice perspective and relevant to the context of South Korea. Based on a theoretical relationship among social justice, teaching for social justice, and multicultural education, the author conceptualized a justice-oriented multicultural education. By combining this justice-oriented multicultural education concept with three areas of the teaching profession presented in the Interstate Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (InTASC), knowledge, performance, and disposition, the author designed curriculum content that helps teachers and teacher educators better achieve academic, cultural, and social/political goals. The author also discussed the suggested curriculum content with a focus on its validity, reality, practicality, and relevancy. The suggested curriculum content will provide a useful tool for developing and evaluating further standards for multicultural teacher education.
Techno-Economic Feasibility: Planning an On-Grid Solar Power System for Shrimp Pond Aeration
Authors: Aripriharta Aripriharta , Sukma Adji Arya Wahyu , Bagaskoro Muhammad Cahyo , Omar Saodah , Horng Gwo-Jiun
Published: November 2024

The rapid growth of the Indonesian shrimp farming industry is accompanied by high production costs, primarily driven by the reliance on fossil fuel-based energy sources that can destabilize the ecosystem. This study investigates the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of using three energy sources, including photovoltaics (PV), grid, and generator, to supply aeration needs in shrimp ponds. A comparative analysis of three scenarios with on-grid schemes was conducted through optimization using Queen Honey Bee Migration (QHBM) and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithms, namely Net Present Cost (NPC), Renewable Fraction (RF), and Carbon Emission (ECO2). From a technical point of view, a lower electricity tariff is obtained compared to the grid, which is US$ 589,968. The optimization results on the NPC, RF, and ECO2 parameters show that scenario 1 of the QHBM algorithm is the most optimal. This condition is evidenced by the acquisition of 3 parameters that are closest to the determination of the objective function, yielding an NPC of US$ 230,390.34, RF of 26.01%, and ECO2 of 1,484KgCO2e, with 655Wp PV specifications and the number of PV as many as 578pcs. Economically, the investment in a solar power plant for the shrimp pond obtained BEP of 4.2 years with a payback period (PP) obtained in year 5, net cash-flow of US$ 63,317.31, with ROI of 19% and NPV of US$ 775,159.40 in the same year.
Editorial
Authors: Board Board
Published: November 2024

Toto první číslo časopisu Gramotnost, pregramotnost a vzdělávání pro rok 2023 nabízí vhled do aktuálních problémových oblastí gramotností v kontextu vzdělávání. Zaměřuje se na inkluzivní vzdělávání v hlavním vzdělávacím proudu a přináší výzkumné studie, teoretické analýzy a příklady dobré praxe, které zkoumají výzvy a řešení v oblasti podpory dětí, žáků a studentů se speciálními potřebami, jejich rodičů a učitelů. Mezi publikované studie patří výzkumy z různých úrovní vzdělávacího systému, od neúspěšnosti dospívajících dívek v ústavní výchově až po vliv učitelů na výběr vysoké školy. Číslo uzavírá diskuzní příspěvek o hodnotách inkluze, které analyzuje její pozitivní a negativní aspekty.
God and Evil in Process Theism
Authors: Macek Petr
Published: November 2024

If a good and almighty God exists, why do we register genuine evil? Whiteheadian process theology wants to assist Christian theology with philosophical theism that interprets God’s sovereignty and God’s creative and providential activity as being more in accord with both our everyday experience and God’s self-revelation in Jesus Christ than in the case of either traditional theism or “free will” theism.
David Flusser und seine Bedeutung für den jüdisch-christlichen Dialog
Authors: Klíma Lukáš
Published: November 2024

The life story of David Flusser (1917 Vienna – 2000 Jerusalem) extends from interwar Czechoslovakia, where he grew up and studied, to the broad research and teaching activities of an erudite professor at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He was a leading authority on Second Temple Judaism as well as early Christian writings. His contribution to the Jewish-Christian dialogue lies above all in his deep understanding of early Christianity, which he approached with great interest, openness and friendliness. For him, both Jesus and the apostle Paul are inspirational personalities who can only be properly understood in the context of the Jewish tradition of the time. The presented article focuses on how Flusser perceives their relationship to Jewish law (Torah) and how he sees Jewish attitudes to Jesus’ crucifixion.
Book Review: Michael Pfann, K svobodě je dlouhé putování: Život Českobratrské církve evangelické v letech 1968–1989, Praha: Karolinum, 2024, 344 pp., ISBN 978-80-246-5445-4
Authors: Csukás Adam
Published: November 2024

Book review on Michael Pfann, K svobodě je dlouhé putování: Život Českobratrské církve evangelické v letech 1968–1989, Praha: Karolinum, 2024, 344 pp., ISBN 978-80-246-5445-4
Inflammasome complex genes with clinical relevance suggest potential as therapeutic targets for anti-tumor drugs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Yin Fengchao , Li Fang , Qi Pan , Zhang Aili
Published: November 2024

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a challenging malignancy characterized by intricate biology and clinical characteristics. Despite advancements in treatment strategies, the molecular mechanisms underlying ccRCC initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance remain elusive. Inflammasomes, multi-protein complexes involved in innate immunity and inflammation, have emerged as potential regulators in cancers. However, their involvement and mechanisms in ccRCC remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a systematic investigation into the expression patterns and clinical significance of inflammasome complexes in ccRCC. We found the perturbation of inflammasome complexes genes was related to patient’s prognosis and other clinical characteristics. By developing an Inflammasome Complexes (IFC) score and identifying IFC subtypes with distinct clinical characteristics and oncogenic roles, our study suggested that inflammasome activation could impact tumorigenesis and modulate the tumor immune landscape, particularly its positive correlations with immunosuppressive macrophages. Furthermore, our study revealed the potential of inflammasome complex genes as predictive markers for patient responses to various anti-tumor drugs, including Osimertinib, Ulixertinib, Telomerase Inhibitor IX, and GSK2578215A. These findings have significant clinical implications and offer opportunities for guiding treatment strategies and improving patient outcomes of ccRCC.