bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in plasmon lattice lasers
Authors: de Gaay Fortman Nelson , Kolkowski Radoslaw , Pal Debapriya , Rodriguez Said R. K. , Schall Peter , Koenderink A. Femius
Published: July 2024

Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) is key for our understanding of phase transitions and the spontaneous emergence of order. In this work, we report that, for a two-dimensional (2D) periodic metasurface with gain, SSB occurs in the lasing transition. We study diffractive hexagonal plasmon nanoparticle lattices, where the
K
-points in momentum space provide two modes that are degenerate in frequency and identically distributed in space. Using femtosecond pulses to energize the gain medium, we simultaneously capture single-shot real-space and Fourier-space images of laser emission. By combining Fourier and real space, we resolve the two order parameters for which symmetry breaking simultaneously occurs: spatial parity and
U
(1) (rotational) symmetry breaking, evident respectively as random relative mode amplitude and phase. The methodology reported in this work is generally applicable to 2D plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces and opens numerous opportunities for the study of SSB and the emergence of spatial coherence in metaphotonics.
Human gut microbiota analysis of cystic fibrosis infants using metaproteomics
Authors: García-Durán C. , Saralegui C. , Romeu E. , Hernáez M. L. , Maruri A. , Bastón-Paz N. , Lamas A. , Vicente S. , Perez-Ruiz E. , Delgado I. , Luna-Paredes C. , Caballero J. D. , Zamora J. , Monteoliva L. , Del Campo R. , Gil C.
Published: July 2024

We report a metaproteomic analysis of the gut microbiota of eight infants with cystic fibrosis, during the first year of life. This is the first study in this disease that uses metaproteomics to analyze stool samples from patients at such a young age.
Draft genome sequence of the Tremellomycetes yeast
Papiliotrema laurentii
5307AH, isolated from aircraft
Authors: Roman Victor A. , Haridas Sajeet , Hung Chia S. , Pangilinan Jasmyn , Lipzen Anna , Na Hyunsoo , Yan Mi , Ng Vivian , Grigoriev Igor V. , Biffinger Justin , Barlow Daniel , Kelley-Loughnane Nancy , Crookes-Goodson Wendy J. , Varaljay Vanessa A. , Stamps Blake W.
Published: July 2024

Papiliotrema laurentii
5307AH was isolated from an aircraft polymer-coated surface. The genome size is 19,510,785 bp with a G + C content of 56%. The genome harbors genes encoding oxygenases, cutinases, lipases, and enzymes for styrene degradation, all of which could play a critical role in survival on xenobiotic surfaces.
Complete genome sequence of the
Bacillus paralicheniformis
strain HAS-1
Authors: Can-Ubando Lorna Catalina , Ramírez-Durán Ninfa , Aranda Elisabet , Manzanares-Leal Gauddy Lizeth , Sánchez-Reyes Ayixon , Ángeles de Paz Gabriela , Isaac-Olivé Keila , Sandoval-Trujillo Horacio
Published: July 2024

We present the complete genome of the halotolerant strain
Bacillus paralicheniformis
HAS-1.
Draft
Turicibacter
sp. genome isolated from a spore-forming community in mice
Authors: Klag Kendra A. , Weis Allison M. , Stephens W. Zac , Round June L.
Published: July 2024

Turicibacter
is a common mammalian gut commensal; however, very few genomes have been sequenced, and little is understood regarding its importance for host health. Here, we add a complete
Turicibacter
sp. genome isolated from a spore-forming community in mice.
Complete genome sequence of
Bifidobacterium animalis
B01
Authors: Li Jiahao , Wu Xiuyun , Ding Bo , Xing Sheng
Published: July 2024

Bifidobacterium
, a class of strictly anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria, existed mainly in the gut of humans and many mammals. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Bifidobacterium animalis
B01, whose genome length is 1,935,423 bp with a GC content of 60.49%.
Silent threat of isolated sphenoid sinus tuberculosis resulting in blindness and ophthalmoplegia
Authors: Maniyankode Krishnamohan Goutham , Rajeeva Anshuli , Alexander Lobo Manuel
Published: July 2024

A diabetic woman in her fifties presented with a sudden onset of failing vision and diplopia involving the right eye for two days, along with fever and headache. Radiological investigations revealed right sphenoid sinusitis along with inflammation around the right orbital apex and optic nerve. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery, with orbital and optic nerve decompression improved the ocular movements, but not the visual acuity. Histopathology was suggestive of a granulomatous inflammatory lesion, and high-resolution computed tommography (HRCT) of the thorax revealed lung lesions suggestive of an old tubercular infection, and antitubercular treatment (ATT) was then initiated.

At the end of two months of ATT, there was complete resolution of ophthalmoplegia, relative afferent pupillary defect, direct and consensual light reflex however, failure of improvement in her visual acuity, indicated damage to the optic nerve.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis involving an isolated sphenoid sinus is rare and elusive. Prompt radiological investigations, followed by orbital decompression and ATT, provide the best possible outcomes.
Bifocal solid pseudopapillary tumour of the pancreas
Authors: Melikian Raffi , Kulkarni Sujit
Published: July 2024

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas (SPNP) is a rare entity. In this study, we present a woman in her 20’s who presented for evaluation of two separate pancreatic masses. On imaging and biopsy, the tail lesion was thought to be a neuroendocrine tumour and the body lesion was thought to be a metastatic lymph node. The patient was brought to the operating room and underwent a distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged home on postoperative day 4. Pathology confirmed both masses were consistent with the diagnosis of well-differentiated SPNP with no signs of malignancy including lymphovascular or perineural invasion, or lymph node involvement.
Association between ultra-processed food consumption, sociodemographic characteristics, malnutrition and obesity among urban school-aged children in Lilongwe, Malawi: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kamanga Patricia , Zhang Bo , Kaphera Samson , Mwale Senzya , Koroma Mark Momoh
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The escalating consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) among school-aged children in developing countries poses a significant threat to public health, contributing to the dual burden of malnutrition. In Malawi, where undernutrition coexists with a burgeoning obesity epidemic, understanding the determinants of UPF consumption and its impact on children’s nutritional status is imperative. This study, conducted in Lilongwe, Malawi, aimed to investigate the association between UPF consumption, sociodemographic factors and the nutritional status of school-aged children.

Materials and methods

511 children aged 7–14 were recruited from 2 densely populated townships using systematic random sampling. Data on sociodemographic factors, UPF consumption and nutritional status were collected through face-to-face interviews and anthropometric measurements. UPF consumption was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire while multinomial logistic regression was employed to analyse associations.

Results

Results revealed alarmingly high UPF consumption among children, particularly those high in sugar. Multinomial logistic regression identified significant predictors of malnutrition outcomes. Notably, children consuming UPFs more than three times a week were more likely to be malnourished. Overweight status was positively associated with sausage intake (β=0.226, adjusted OR 1.254, 95% CI 1.004 to 1.566, p=0.046) and age (β=0.020, adjusted OR=0.257, 95% CI 0.156 to 0.28, p=0.003). Conversely, underweight status was linked with residential location (β=4.507, adjusted OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.000 to 0.281, p=0.006) and fizzy drinks (β=1.071, adjusted OR 2.919, 95% CI 1.413 to 6.028, p=0.004).

Conclusion

The high prevalence of UPF consumption among school-aged children is significantly associated with malnutrition. Moreover, sociodemographic factors influence UPF consumption, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to reduce malnutrition. These findings may inform public health policies to mitigate malnutrition among children in Malawi’s urban communities.
Exploring decision-makers’ challenges and strategies when selecting multiple systematic reviews: insights for AI decision support tools in healthcare
Authors: Lunny Carole , Whitelaw Sera , Reid Emma K , Chi Yuan , Ferri Nicola , Zhang Jia He (Janet) , Pieper Dawid , Kanji Salmaan , Veroniki Areti-Angeliki , Shea Beverley , Dourka Jasmeen , Ardern Clare , Pham Ba , Bagheri Ebrahim , Tricco Andrea C
Published: July 2024

Background

Systematic reviews (SRs) are being published at an accelerated rate. Decision-makers may struggle with comparing and choosing between multiple SRs on the same topic. We aimed to understand how healthcare decision-makers (eg, practitioners, policymakers, researchers) use SRs to inform decision-making and to explore the potential role of a proposed artificial intelligence (AI) tool to assist in critical appraisal and choosing among SRs.

Methods

We developed a survey with 21 open and closed questions. We followed a knowledge translation plan to disseminate the survey through social media and professional networks.

Results

Our survey response rate was lower than expected (7.9% of distributed emails). Of the 684 respondents, 58.2% identified as researchers, 37.1% as practitioners, 19.2% as students and 13.5% as policymakers. Respondents frequently sought out SRs (97.1%) as a source of evidence to inform decision-making. They frequently (97.9%) found more than one SR on a given topic of interest to them. Just over half (50.8%) struggled to choose the most trustworthy SR among multiple. These difficulties related to lack of time (55.2%), or difficulties comparing due to varying methodological quality of SRs (54.2%), differences in results and conclusions (49.7%) or variation in the included studies (44.6%). Respondents compared SRs based on the relevance to their question of interest, methodological quality, and recency of the SR search. Most respondents (87.0%) were interested in an AI tool to help appraise and compare SRs.

Conclusions

Given the identified barriers of using SR evidence, an AI tool to facilitate comparison of the relevance of SRs, the search and methodological quality, could help users efficiently choose among SRs and make healthcare decisions.
Efficacy of soothing cream gel in the range of motion and chronic pain at the shoulder and elbow: protocol of a double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Lo Cho Wing , Sum Kim Wai Raymond , Leung Fung Lin Elean , Yang Yijian , Chan Kam Leung , Lam Koon Kit , Lau Kam Wai , Sum Chi Him , Lin Wai Ling , Ho Shing Hin , Lin Zhi-Xiu
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Upper limb problems have a significant impact on the global population leading to pain and restricted joint mobility, ultimately impacting their quality of life. Traditional treatments, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids, often come with undesirable side effects, prompting patients to seek alternative therapies. In this trial, we hypothesise that soothing cream gel (SCG) will improve range of motion and chronic pain in the shoulder and elbow. The objective of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy of SCG in improving the range of motion and chronic pain in the shoulder and elbow.

Methods and analysis

A double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial is conducted to compare the effects of SCG and placebo gel. SCG containsVitis viniferaessence,Melaleuca viridifloraessential oil, etc, and is manufactured according to Good Manufacturing Practice standards. The placebo gel will be processed with similar appearance, texture and scent but will lack active ingredients. 70 participants with upper limb problems will be recruited from four study sites, including clinical centres and a sport department at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK). Participants will be randomly assigned to either treatment group or placebo group for 2 weeks. Primary outcome will be the range of motion in the upper limb, assessed by a goniometer, to measure active flexion and abduction for the shoulder, and active flexion and extension for the elbow. The primary efficacy analyses will be based on the full analysis set following the intention-to-treat principle.

Ethics and dissemination

The trial has obtained approval from the joint CUHK–New Territories East Cluster (CRE-2023.142), and the patient enrolment commenced in July 2023. Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants prior to participation. Study results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at conference.

Trial registration number

NCT05799391.
Experiences of healthcare workers who faced physical workplace violence from patients or their relatives in Nepal: a qualitative study
Authors: Adhikari Mukesh , Timalsena Dinesh , Chaudhary Kalpana
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers (HCWs) has become a global concern. Our aim was to investigate the firsthand experience of HCWs who faced physical WPV from patients or their relatives in Nepal and to identify the factors that contribute to WPV, its consequences, as well as recommendations from HCWs on preventing and managing WPV in healthcare settings.

Methods

We conducted semistructured in-depth interviews of 12 HCWs who faced physical WPV from patients or their relatives in the last 2 years in Nepal. We recruited participants by announcing volunteer participation on social media and reaching out to HCWs who had experienced WPV through a review of national news archives. All interviews were conducted between September and November 2022. We analysed the data using a hybrid thematic analysis.

Results

Most participants were male (9/12). The average age of participants was 31.6 years with an average experience of 8.3 years. We generated three domains: (1) factors contributing to WPV, (2) response to WPV and (3) recommendations. Within these three domains, we identified a total of nine themes: two themes (proximal and distal factors) under domain 1, four themes (personal response, hospital administration response, police response and other responses) under domain 2 and three themes (recommendations at personal, organisational and policy level) under domain 3. We found that physical WPV against HCWs is multifactorial. Most HCWs did not receive expected support from hospital and police administration. They had a wide range of recommendations at personal, organisational and policy level. The most important recommendation was to ensure safety and security of HCWs.

Conclusions

This qualitative study showed that experiences of HCWs who faced physical WPV in Nepal were traumatic. The concerned stakeholders should carefully consider the recommendations from HCWs to establish a safe, secure and supportive working environment.
Physical activity, physical fitness and cardiometabolic health among Finnish military workers
Authors: Pietiläinen Emilia , Parkkola K , Vasankari T , Santtila M , Luukkaala T , Kyröläinen H
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The Western lifestyle challenges national defence. Inactivity, obesity, high BP and elevated lipid and glucose levels as well as tobacco use all increase cardiometabolic risk. The present study was thus aimed at investigating the health and physical activity of employees in a military environment, concentrating on comparisons between soldiers and civilians.

Methods and design

A total of 260 employees from 6 brigades were included in the present study. Health status was evaluated with body composition, cardiometabolic risk markers from laboratory samples and a questionnaire concerning lifestyle habits. Body composition was assessed by means of body mass, body mass index, fat percentage and waist circumference. Furthermore, physical activity was examined by the aid of accelerometer recordings for a 2-week period, and physical fitness via aerobic and muscle fitness tests. Finally, upper-quartile active and lower-quartile passive participants were compared, by incorporating mean daily step counts.

Results

When standardised by gender, there were no differences between the soldiers and civilians except for the muscle fitness test, in which soldiers performed better. The mean (±SD) moderate to vigorous activity was 0.9±0.3 hours/day in male soldiers and 1.0±0.4 hours/day in male civilians, and respectively sedentary behaviour was 9.5±1.4 hours/day in male soldiers and 8.9±1.7 hours/day in male civilians. The mean (±SD) low-density lipoprotein values were 3.28±0.84 mmol/L in male soldiers and 3.36±0.86 mmol/L in male civilians. In comparing soldiers and civilians, statistically significant differences were observed in body composition, physical fitness, insulin, fasting glucose, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein values between the upper-quartile active and lower-quartile passive participants, but no difference in low-density lipoprotein values was noticed.

Conclusions

Sedentary behaviour and elevated low-density lipoprotein values seem to increase cardiometabolic disease risk among participants, even if they meet the weekly physical activity demands.
Lysophosphatidic acid metabolism and signaling in heart disease
Authors: Jose Anu , Fernando Jeffy J. , Kienesberger Petra C.
Published: July 2024

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid that is mainly produced by the secreted lysophospholipase D, autotaxin (ATX), and signals through at least six G protein-coupled receptors (LPA1–6). Extracellular LPA is degraded through lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPP1, LPP2, and LPP3) at the plasmamembrane, terminating LPA receptor signaling. The ATX–LPA–LPP3 pathway is critically involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including cell survival, migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, and organismal development. Similarly, dysregulation of this pathway has been linked to many pathological processes, including cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes and interprets current literature examining the regulation and role of the ATX–LPA–LPP3 axis in heart disease. Specifically, the contribution of altered LPA metabolism via ATX and LPP3 and resulting changes to LPA receptor signaling in obesity cardiomyopathy, cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, myocardial infarction/ischemia-reperfusion injury, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and aortic valve stenosis is discussed.
Global lepton flavour violating constraints on new physics
Authors: Fernández-Martínez Enrique , Marcano Xabier , Naredo-Tuero Daniel
Published: July 2024

We perform a global analysis of the bounds from charged lepton flavour violating observables to new physics. We parametrize generic new physics through the effective field theory formalism and perform global fits beyond the common one-operator-at-a-time analyses to investigate how much present data is able to constrain the full parameter space. We particularly focus on leptonic and semileptonic operators with light quarks, identifying unbounded flat directions, detailing how many are present and which operators are involved. The analysis is performed in the general LEFT formalism, which contains all possible low-energy effective operators relevant for lepton flavour violation, as well as in more restricted scenarios, when operators come from a SMEFT completion. We find that flat directions play no role in the fully leptonic four-fermion operators. Conversely, they significantly hinder the ability to derive global bounds on semileptonic operators, with several flat or at least very poorly constrained directions preventing to fully constrain the parameter space. These results are particularly affected by the proper inclusion of uncertainties in the parameters describing $$\mu -e$$

μ
-
e

conversion, which decrease the number of well-constrained directions in operator space when treated as nuisance parameters in the fit. While present data is able to provide global constraints on all operators only in the more restricted scenarios we investigated, very strong correlations among the parameters must exist to avoid conflict with the different observables. We provide correlation matrices approximating our full results as a useful tool to compare present data with particular UV completions.
Scalar fields, localized structures and the Starobinsky model
Authors: Bazeia D. , Lima Elisama E. M.
Published: July 2024

This work deals with the presence of localized static structures in the real line, described by relativistic real scalar fields in two spacetime dimensions. We consider models featuring both standard and modified kinematics, where we employ two intriguing potentials supporting defect solutions. The first potential can transform kink into compacton in the standard framework, while the second one is based on the inflationary Starobinsky model. Interesting possibilities unseen in previous investigations are described, in particular, for the case related to the Starobinsky potential. The addressed potentials are inserted into a broader framework, and so the extended models are described by a wider set of solutions. This investigation also reveals the presence of the twinlike behaviour for a specific compact configuration, which solves two distinct models.
Accuracy and efficiency comparison of the fluid flow and heat transfer simulations by discrete velocity models of LBM and FDLBM regardless of grid clustering
Authors: Tehrani Mohammadreza Saremi , Ghadyani Mohsen , Enjilela Vali
Published: July 2024

This paper is dedicated to the comparison of discrete velocity models (DVM) used for the simulation of heat transfer and fluid flows in the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). In this study, the discrete velocity models of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in which particle velocity vectors are eight are used in simulating four benchmark problems. An enhancement in the stability of the single relaxation time (SRT) model for problems is facilitated by solving the continuous Boltzmann equation, and its application in efficiently addressing conductive heat transfer/fluid flow benchmark problems is expanded by utilizing the finite difference methods paired with the lattice Boltzmann method (FDLBM). To generalize the paper’s conclusion more accurately, the LBM with two-relaxation time (TRT-LBM) is included in all comparisons. A D2Q5 scheme is also considered to understand how it would address heat transfer problems compared to the ones presented. Moreover, an improvement in the accuracy of the FDLBM for some cases is assisted through the integration of the finite differentiation mechanism with the Runge–Kutta method. A series of unsteady and steady problems were numerically solved to validate the introduced methods. The outcomes affirmed that the proposed FDLBM algorithm procures more stable and robust results compared to those derived from the DVMs of SRT-LBM devoid of filtering techniques. Notably, the FDLBM method achieves this increased accuracy without introducing additional complexity to the SRT model by resorting to nonuniform grids. The decision to exclude more complex methods stems from their requirement for refined computational grids. To ascertain the numerical stability and accuracy of the devised algorithm, a comparative analysis was performed with analytical results or other numerical methods. The simulations underscored the efficacy of the current method, showcasing commendable harmony with analytical solutions and other numerical strategies.
Physics of near-threshold resonances
Authors: Salnikov S. G.
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we present our approach to the treatment of final-state interaction of hadrons. It is based on the assumption that quark–antiquark pairs are produced at small distances, while the interaction of hadrons takes place at larger distances. As a result, the effects of final-state interaction are determined by the wave function of produced hadronic system. The account for final-state interaction within this approach allows us to successfully describe the energy dependence of cross-sections of many processes, as well as electromagnetic form factors of hadrons.
Towards Effective People Management in Software Projects: A Comprehensive Catalog of Good Practices
Authors: Burkard Marcelo F. , Fontoura Lisandra M.
Published: July 2024

Software project success depends on effective people management; however, managers often rely on intuition rather than evidence-based practice. To bridge this gap, we compiled a catalog of good practices to assist managers in implementing people management practices, reducing resistance, and simultaneously collecting indicators that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of practices. We compiled the practices outlined in the literature from 63 selected studies conducted from 2016 to 2023. These studies were then categorized into 9 problem domains and 16 associated practices. Subsequently, through a survey, these practices were validated by 31 professionals, enabling classification based on overall relevance and problem-resolution efficacy. The results underscore the importance of interpersonal skills (soft skills) over technical abilities (hard skills) and highlight the significance of continuous feedback, open communication, and transparent management practices. This catalog is a valuable resource for managers to assess and customize practices for their specific project needs.
A stability result for the first Robin–Neumann eigenvalue: A double perturbation approach
Authors: Cito Simone , Paoli Gloria , Piscitelli Gianpaolo
Published: July 2024

Let [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are two open, bounded and convex sets such that [Formula: see text] and let [Formula: see text] be a given parameter. We consider the eigenvalue problem for the Laplace operator associated to [Formula: see text], with Robin boundary condition on [Formula: see text] and Neumann boundary condition on [Formula: see text]. In [47] it is proved that the spherical shell is the only maximizer for the first Robin–Neumann eigenvalue in the class of domains [Formula: see text] with fixed outer perimeter and volume. We establish a quantitative version of the afore-mentioned isoperimetric inequality; the main novelty consists in the introduction of a new type of hybrid asymmetry, that turns out to be the suitable one to treat the different conditions on the outer and internal boundary. Up to our knowledge, in this context, this is the first stability result in which both the outer and the inner boundary are perturbed.
Modeling of Human-Induced Dynamic Bouncing Force Using a Self-Sustained Nonlinear Oscillator
Authors: Maurya Sunil Kumar , Kumar Anil , Kumar Prakash
Published: July 2024

This paper proposed a single-degree-of-freedom self-sustained nonlinear oscillator capable of precisely predicting the bouncing force induced by a person during bouncing activity on a flat and rigid surface. A bouncing person produces essential internal energy required to maintain its motion, so it can be modeled as a self-sustained oscillator that can generate (i) the stable limit cycle, (ii) the periodic bouncing force signal, and (iii) the self-sustained motion. A hybrid Van der Pol–Rayleigh oscillator added with two quadratic and one cubic nonlinear terms has been derived to yield desired softening and hardening effects as well as even and odd harmonics, as observed from the analysis of experimental bouncing force data. The force applied on the surface corresponds to its restoring force. The stability analysis of the oscillator has been performed using the energy balance and perturbation methods. The model parameters are extracted from the experimental bouncing force data resulting from a bouncing test on a group of seven subjects with shoe insoles at six different frequencies guided by a metronome. The bootstrapping method has been performed to examine the convergence of mean values of each model parameter by increasing the cardinality of the experimental set. The bouncing force signals produced by the proposed model and experimental results demonstrate an excellent agreement.
Free Vibration of Joined Spherical–Conical Panel and Shells Using the 2D-GDQ Method
Authors: Motazedian Nadia , Jafari Ali Asghar , Montaseri Mohammad Amin
Published: July 2024

The free vibration analysis of joined conical–spherical panels and shells of revolution is the primary aim of this investigation. The equations of motion are derived by considering Donnell’s kinematic assumptions and the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), which considers the effects of shear deformation as well as rotational inertia. The equations of motion are discretized by using the two-dimensional generalized differential quadratic (2D-GDQ) method in the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] directions for conical and spherical panels and shells, respectively. Natural frequencies of joined conical–spherical shells and panels are determined for different boundary conditions. The accuracy of results has been compared with the results of the other researchers and those obtained using Abaqus and Ansys, which showed good agreement. Moreover, the effects of length, thickness, and the angle of the semi-vertex of the conical shell on the dynamic behavior of joined spherical–conical panels/shells are investigated.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research of Spatial Volume Distribution and Velocity Changes of Abrasive Suspension Jet Based on LES + VOF + DEM
Authors: Qiang Chiheng , Teng Wenxiang , Fei Shuhui , Shen Gang
Published: July 2024

The machining accuracy and cutting ability of abrasive suspension jet (ASJ) are affected by the spatial volume distribution and velocity changes of jet flow and abrasives in the free jet area outside the nozzle. In this paper, large eddy simulation (LES) flow model, volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase flow model and discrete element model (DEM) were used to simulate the flow field characteristics of ASJ. The spatial volume distribution and velocity changes of jet flow and abrasives under 10[Formula: see text]MPa jet pressure were studied and the model validation experiments were carried out. In the comparison between the numerical simulation results and the experimental results, it was found that the average error of the percentage of central jet flow is 3.4%, the percentage of central abrasive particles is 3.0% and the velocity of abrasive particles is 4.2%. The physical structure of the numerical model is fixed (so it does not support abrasive injection jet (AIJ)), and the material physical parameters, initial conditions and boundary conditions are editable. Therefore, it can be used to predict the degree of water divergence, abrasives divergence and abrasives velocity attenuation of ASJ with different jet pressure and abrasive types. This numerical model can provide guidance for the parameter setting of ASJ machining process in order to obtain better machining accuracy and cutting ability.
Analysis of machine learning models for traffic accidents severity classification
Authors: Dawange Akshat , Bhoite Avaneesh , Desai Sharmishta
Published: July 2024

In the modern world, traffic accidents frequently result in fatalities and serious injuries. The ability of machine learning to foretell the severity of road traffic accidents has shown great promise. The classification of traffic accidents has shown to be a good application for algorithms like random forest. In this paper, performance on a specific dataset has been evaluated using random forest and other models. The dataset used for the analysis came from a publicly accessible source and contained information on several variables like the type of road, the time of day, and the weather. In order to analyze the severity of accidents, a number of algorithms were applied to the dataset, including decision tree, random forest classifier, and logistic regression algorithm. Each model was evaluated on parameters such as model accuracy, precision and recall of the model, and F1 score. The random forest classifier outperformed the other models, achieving an accuracy of 98.48%. The study concludes that machine learning algorithms can accurately predict the severity of road traffic accidents, which could help to reduce the number of accidents and fatalities on the road.
Reactions of Hydroperoxyl Radicals (HO2) with Oxygenated Aromatic Bio-oil Model Compounds
Authors: Al-Kwradi Mubarak , Al-Jefri Ali Huseein , Altarawneh Mohammednoor
Published: July 2024

During thermal utilization of biomass, a complex array of reactions ensues in the oxidative environment between fragments of the biomass and reactive species. In the low-temperature window, hydroperoxyl (HO[Formula: see text] radicals assume a central role prior to the establishment of the O/H radical pool. Anisole, cresol, guaiacol and vanillin are often utilized as representative model compounds to comprehend the combustion chemistry of the phenolic entities in biomass and oxygen-containing derived bio-oil. This paper reports thermo-kinetic parameters for the reactions of HO2 radicals with anisole, cresol, guaiacol and vanillin. Computed activation enthalpies entail facile values for H abstraction from the side-chain functional groups in the investigated compounds. H abstraction from the hydroxyl groups incurs lower activation energies in reference to methyl sites in cresol and guaiacol. Hence, H abstraction from the OH sites in these two molecules proceeds at a faster reaction rate constant when compared to abstraction from the methyl site. In the vanillin molecule, abstraction from the aldehydic and hydroxyl sites portrays comparable importance. The effect of scaling vibrational frequencies and the type of applied quantum tunneling on the computed reaction rate constants were thoroughly explored. Analysis of entropies of activation indicates that the transition states exhibit a product-like character. While ignition delay times of fuels often exhibit a profound sensitivity towards initial H abstraction reactions by HO2, we found that ignition delay times of the four title molecules remain almost unchanged when updating literature kinetics models with new reaction rate constants calculated herein. It is anticipated that reported outcomes from this study aid in formulating a better understanding of the complex chemical reactions that dictate oxidative decomposition of oxygenated bio-oil model compounds.
Speaking in Terms of Money: Financial Knowledge Acquisition via Speech Data Generation
Authors: Bhat Advait , Kulkarni Nidhi , Husain Safiya , Yadavalli Aditya , Kaur Jivat Neet , Shukla Anurag , Shelar Monali , Seshadri Vivek
Published: July 2024

Earning a living often leaves low-income individuals with little time for learning new skills, perpetuating a cycle where the need for immediate income restricts access to learning. In this study, we investigate if digital work, specifically speech data generation, can facilitate domain-specific knowledge acquisition. For the purposes of this study we focus on finance and banking. We conducted a two-week financial literacy program with low-income individuals (n = 55) in Wagholi, a semi-urban area in Pune, India. Participants read aloud and recorded a nine-lesson financial curriculum, earning ₹2,000 (≈$24) for ≈90 minutes of voice-recording. By conducting pre- and post-tests, we found a significant increase in participants’ financial knowledge with a high effect size (cohen’s d = 1.32) and medium normalized score gain (hake’s g = 0.58). Fourteen follow-up interviews indicated the work was accessible and conveniently integrated into participants’ daily lives. Additionally, the program triggered attitude change among participants and community dialogue about critical financial concepts. Our results suggest that digital work can become an effective method for knowledge acquisition and should be tested at a larger scale.
Recommender System-Induced Eating Disorder Relapse: Harmful Content and the Challenges of Responsible Recommendation
Authors: Golbeck Jennifer
Published: July 2024

As users’ social media feeds have become increasingly driven by algorithmically recommended content, there is a need to understand the impact these recommendations have on users. People in recovery from eating disorders (ED) may try to avoid content that features severely underweight bodies or that encourages disordered eating. However, if recommender systems show them this type of content anyway, it may impact their recovery or even lead to relapse. In this study, we take a two-pronged approach to understanding the intersection of recommender systems, ED content, and users in recovery. We performed a content analysis of tweets about recommended ED content and conducted a small-scale study on Pinterest to show that ED content is recommended in response to interaction with posts about ED recovery. We discuss the implications for responsible recommendation and harm prevention.
The First Two Years of Experience: A Mixed‐Methods Study Exploring the Work Environment and Transition to Practice of Graduate Nurses
Authors: Sabei Sulaiman Dawood Al , Al-Rawajfah Omar M. , AlBashayreh Alaa , Yahyaei Asma Al , Al-Maqbali Majid
Published: July 2024

Aim. This study aimed to (1) describe the perceived level of role transition from education to practice of new graduate nurses in Oman and (2) explore the barriers to and enablers of a successful transition. Background. The transition from a familiar academic environment to becoming a professional nurse is stressful and challenging. Exploring the transition barriers and enablers is instrumental in designing an effective experience. However, studies exploring the transition experience from academia to practice among new graduate nurses working in Oman are limited. Design. This study used a mixed method research design. Methods. Data were collected from nurses working for no longer than two years. Role transition was assessed using the Casey‐Fink Graduate Nurse Experience Survey. Barriers to and enablers of transition were explored through a focus group interview. Results. The total sample consists of 405 nurses working in 13 public hospitals. The majority (68.89%) of the participants had worked as a nurse for less than 6 months. The average score of the comfort and confidence subscale was 2.96 (SD = 0.38). Findings showed that the amount of workload and unclear role expectations were the most frequent difficulties new graduate nurses were experiencing in their transition from a student to a staff nurse. Findings from focus group interviews revealed a number of barriers and enablers that affected the transition experience of the new graduates. The barriers were fear, insufficient academic preparation, bridging the knowledge‐practice gap, and limited nurse‐physician interactions. The enablers were teamwork, organizational support, and the internship phase. Conclusion. The findings illustrate the need for healthcare organizations to design effective internship programs to ensure a successful transition experience. Providing staff with preceptorship training and enhancing nurse‐physician communication are important strategies for creating a comfortable work environment and ultimately ensuring a successful training experience for new nurses.
Exploring Bystander Behavior Types as a Determinant of Workplace Violence in Nursing Organizations Focusing on Nurse‐To‐Nurse Bullying: A Qualitative Focus Group Study
Authors: Kim Kyoungja , Choi Scott Seung Woo , Im Cheongin
Published: July 2024

Aim. This study explored and analyzed the characteristics of bystander types of workplace violence in hospital nurses experiencing horizontal (nurse‐to‐nurse) violence. The primary research question was “What are the behavioral patterns of bystander types in peer‐to‐peer violence situations among hospital nurses?”. Background. Workplace violence is a result of environmental and structural conflicts, rather than deviant individual perpetrators. Research examining workplace violence suggests that bystanders are not merely witnesses of acts of aggression but can play a substantial role in escalating or deflecting violence. Types of bystander influence power dynamics within a group, resulting in changes in the pattern of violence. Methods. Employing a qualitative design, this study conducted focus group interviews with nurses from three tertiary hospitals. The qualitative data collected was analyzed using inductive and qualitative content analysis methods. Results. Nine focus group interviews (n = 26) were conducted on bystanders’ experiences of workplace violence. A total of 185 analysis units were identified and categorized into three main themes, based on their impact on workplace violence (reinforcing, avoiding, and suppressing) with six subcategories (facilitative reinforcer, diffuse reinforcer, condoning avoider, powerless avoider, empathic suppressor, and interventional suppressor). Conclusions. This study delineates a typology of bystander roles in workplace bullying/horizontal violence among nurses, identifying three distinct types of bystanders. The outcomes of workplace violence vary, based on the type of bystander involved as well as the dynamics among bystanders, perpetrators, and victims. Implications for Nursing Management. Nursing organizations should educate nurses about the concept of bystanders as this will help nurses understand that even if they may not be perpetrators or victims of workplace violence, they are still implicated as bystanders. Additionally, nursing organizations and leaders should empower nurses to play a positive bystander role.
Physical Exercise for Healthy Older Adults and Those with Frailty: What Exercise Is Best and Is There a Difference? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses
Authors: Alowaydhah Samaher , Weerasekara Ishanka , Walmsley Sarah , Marquez Jodie
Published: July 2024

Background and Purpose. Physical exercise (PE) is a well‐recognized means of ameliorating the burden of morbidity that is associated with aging. However, the specific components of exercise programs, and health outcomes that are of benefit, are less consistently agreed upon. Further, it is not evident if those who are not considered to be healthy benefit from the same exercise as those who are. In this systematic review, we collated evidence with the aim of determining if exercise needs to be tailored to suit the needs of those who are frail compared to those who are healthy. Methods. All English studies published after 1989 with a controlled design, investigating PE in adults 65 years and over were considered if the study design compared PE to a nonexercise control group. Health‐related outcomes included physical, cognitive, and psychological function. Studies that investigated cardiorespiratory disease and used designs like systematic review were excluded. Results and Discussion. Altogether, 57 studies were included of which 38 had data that were useable for meta‐analysis. In the healthy aged, a significant benefit of multicomponent exercises (p = 0.006, SMD = 1.40, CI = 0.41, 2.40) and tai chi (p = 0.01, MD = 0.51, CI = 0.12, 0.91) on physical function was revealed, while strength exercise benefitted cognitive function (p = 0.04, SMD = 0.86, CI = 0.03, 1.68). In frail older adults, there was a significant benefit of multicomponent exercises on physical function (p < 0.0001, SMD = −10.85, CI = 5.66, 16.04) and mental health (p = 0.0002, SMD = −0.39, CI=‐0.18, 0.59). Strength exercise had a significant benefit on activity of daily living (ADL) (p < 0.0003, SMD = 15.78, CI = 7.28, 24.28). Conclusion. The substantial disparity of research in the field of exercise in older adults renders synthesis of the evidence problematic. However, it appears that multicomponent exercise is the most suitable approach for both healthy and frail older adults although the benefit may be reflected in different health outcomes.
Investigating Soil Adhesion and Antiadhesion Performance of Nonsmooth Subsoiler Surfaces
Authors: Li Jinguang , Qi Hongyan , Ma Yunhai , Gao Peng , Wu Baoguang
Published: July 2024

Soil adhesion is one of the main factors affecting the working resistance and energy consumption of agricultural machinery. Many scholars have been doing much research on the method of soil antiadhesion, but the conditions for the occurrence of adhesion need to be further discussed. By measuring and comparing the repose angle and external friction angle of the soil, this paper discussed the influence of soil texture and soil water content on soil adhesion. It was found that when the soil moisture content was less than 20%, the cohesive soil showed weak adhesion. When the soil moisture content was more than 20% and lower than the soil liquid limit, the cohesive soil shows strong adhesion. When the soil shows strong adhesion, the nonsmooth convex structure on the surface of the subsoiler has a good desorption effect. Notably, in clay loam with a 30% moisture content, the average tillage resistance of a subsoiler with convex structures was 15.13% lower compared to a smooth‐surfaced subsoiler.
The Use of Antibiotics for the Prophylaxis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: A Retrospective Review and Quality Improvement Study
Authors: Tagliaferri Ariana , Ansari Nida , Melki Gabriel , Cavanagh Yana
Published: July 2024

Background: Primary and secondary prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) should be reserved for high‐risk cirrhotic patients, such as those with a history of SBP, gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage, high Child–Pugh score, or low ascitic fluid protein (AFP) with liver and renal failure. Due to a multitude of reasons, many patients who require prophylaxis do not receive it. We present a retrospective analysis and quality improvement project. High‐risk cirrhotic patients were identified to see if antibiotic prophylaxis was initiated upon admission and the 1‐year outcomes for those individuals.

Methods and Results: One hundred twenty‐six patients were included in the study. The mean age was 57.38 years. A total of 59.5% (n = 75) of patients were current or former alcohol users. A total of 54.8% (n = 69) of patients met the criteria for SBP prophylaxis; however, only 26% (n = 18) received it (p ≤ 0.073). Ciprofloxacin and cephalosporins were the most used antibiotics. Although none of the analyses for readmissions produced statistical significance, there were clinically more patients readmitted for SBP when prophylaxis was not prescribed. No patients who received prophylaxis were hospitalized within 6 months following a discharge for SBP. Only two of the 18 patients who received prophylaxis died compared to 30 of the 51 patients who did not (p ≤ 0.001). Twenty‐eight of the 32 who met the criteria but did not receive prophylaxis were deceased within 1 year following discharge (p ≤ 0.042). When stratified by basic demographics, mortality was significant in the nonprophylaxis groups for males (p ≤ 0.0001), 25–30 body mass index (BMI) group (p ≤ 0.003), and alcohol use (p ≤ 0.002).

Conclusion: We intend to educate providers on the appropriate time to intervene to reduce mortality and subsequent hospitalizations for those with advanced liver disease.
Table S5 from A Compound That Inhibits Glycolysis in Prostate Cancer Controls Growth of Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Uo Takuma , Ojo Kayode K. , Sprenger Cynthia C.T. , Epilepsia Kathryn S. , Perera B. Gayani K. , Damodarasamy Mamatha , Sun Shihua , Kim Soojin , Hogan Hannah H. , Hulverson Matthew A. , Choi Ryan , Whitman Grant R. , Barrett Lynn K. , Michaels Samantha A. , Xu Linda H. , Sun Vicky L. , Arnold Samuel L.M. , Pang Haley J. , Nguyen Matthew M. , Vigil Anna-Lena B.G. , Kamat Varun , Sullivan Lucas B. , Sweet Ian R. , Vidadala Ram , Maly Dustin J. , Van Voorhis Wesley C. , Plymate Stephen R.
Published: July 2024

Table S5 shows antibodies and corresponding RPPA signal intensities relative to β-actin signals.