bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced Follicular Regulatory T Cells in Spleen and Pancreatic Lymph Nodes of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Vecchione Andrea , Jofra Tatiana , Gerosa Jolanda , Shankwitz Kimberly , Fonte Roberta Di , Galvani Giuseppe , Ippolito Elio , Cicalese Maria Pia , Schultz Andrew R. , Seay Howie R. , Favellato Mariagrazia , Milardi Giulia , Stabilini Angela , Ragogna Francesca , Grogan Pauline , Bianconi Eleonora , Laurenzi Andrea , Caretto Amelia , Nano Rita , Melzi Raffaela , Danzl Nichole , Bosi Emanuele , Piemonti Lorenzo , Aiuti Alessandro , Brusko Todd , Petrovas Constantinos , Battaglia Manuela , Fousteri Georgia
Published: October 2021

In the attempt to understand the origin of autoantibody (AAb) production
in patients with and at-risk for T1D, multiple studies have analyzed and
reported alterations in follicular helper T cells (Tfh) in presymptomatic
AAb-positive subjects and patients with T1D. Yet, it is still not clear whether
the regulatory counterpart of Tfh cells, represented by follicular regulatory T
cells (Tfr), is similarly altered. To address this question, we performed
analyses in peripheral blood, spleen and pancreatic lymph nodes (PLN) of organ
donor subjects with T1D. Blood analyses were also performed in living
AAb-negative and -positive subjects. While negligible differences in the
frequency and phenotype of blood Tfr cells were observed between T1D,
AAb-negative and AAb-positive adult subjects, the frequency of Tfr cells was
significantly reduced in spleen and PLN of T1D as compared to non-diabetic
controls. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of Tfr cells delayed disease
development in a mouse model of T1D, a finding that could indicate that Tfr
cells play an important role in peripheral tolerance and regulation of
autoreactive Tfh cells. Together, our findings provide evidence of Tfr cell
alterations within disease-relevant tissues in patients with T1D suggesting a
role for Tfr cells in defective humoral tolerance and disease pathogenesis.
Biografía y aprendizaje en tiempos de incertidumbre
Authors: Murillo Arango Gabriel Jaime
Published: October 2021

El artículo caracteriza la época actual como un tiempo de incertidumbre en el que han sido puestas en cuestión creencias, teorías y prácticas arraigadas en la tradición filosófica de la edu­cación, cediendo el paso a otras formas de relación y otros dispositivos en el trabajo sobre sí mismo y con los otros. Sería algo así como una nueva Paideia, un educarse a sí mismo, dotada de ejercicios, modos de reflexión, prácticas de rutina, con las cuales poder enfrentar los retos de una formación integral en un mundo en crisis del Estado de bienestar y, con ella, de la edu­cación, de las políticas sociales y de las maneras de sociabilidad. En este contexto, y aupado en la marea vertiginosa de la revolución digital que ha trastocado las comunicaciones, la vida co­tidiana de la gente y también las prácticas de enseñar y aprender, cobra vigencia el “imperativo biográfico” que se debate entre la insolidaridad y la soledad de los individuos, por un lado, y el valor de la acogida y de las narrativas de experiencia en los procesos de aprendizaje biográfico y del aprender a vivir juntos, por otro. El recuento de conceptos que nutren el artículo lleva a la conclusión de someter bajo nuevas luces la interrogación fundamental acerca de en qué consiste educar hoy, que va más allá del adiestramiento y la instrucción.
Percepción sobre la investigación científica de aprendices de los programas técnicos y tecnológicos del SENA
Authors: Tipaz Tipaz Edith Amanda , Rodríguez Rairan Sandra Patricia , Cruz Ramírez Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2021

El presente estudio muestra la percepción sobre la investigación científica que tienen los aprendices de formación titulada del Centro de Desarrollo Agroindustrial y Empresarial del SENA, Regional Cundinamarca. Se identificó el conocimiento científico y la importancia que este tiene para los aprendices en la transformación de sus entornos y prácticas sociales. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva, con una muestra de 144 aprendices a los cuales se les aplicó una encuesta estructurada de 15 preguntas. En esta se destacó la importancia que ven los aprendices en la investigación para su desarrollo personal, laboral y educativo. También se evidenció la necesidad de incentivar los procesos investigativos en la formación con recur- sos, reconocimiento y personal docente capacitado para la investigación. Se destacó que el asesoramiento adecuado es un determinante de motivación para los aprendices a la hora de involucrarse en procesos investigativos. Asimismo, se observó la preferencia que tienen los aprendices en el área de las ciencias naturales por encima de otras áreas para el desarrollo de acciones investigativas.
Small-time fluctuations for the bridge of a sub-Riemannian diffusion
Authors: BAILLEUL Ismäel , MESNAGER Laurent , NORRIS James
Published: October 2021

We consider small-time asymptotics for diffusion processes conditioned by their initial and final positions, under the assumption that the diffusivity has a sub-Riemannian structure, not necessarily of constant rank. We show that, if the endpoints are joined by a unique path of minimal energy, and lie outside the sub-Riemannian cut locus, then the fluctuations of the conditioned diffusion from the minimal energy path, suitably rescaled, converge to a Gaussian limit. The Gaussian limit is characterized in terms of the bicharacteristic flow, and also in terms of a second variation of the energy functional at the minimal path, the formulation of which is new in this context.
In a Melting Pot of Autobiography: Pickthall’s With the Turk in Wartime and the Cause of Islam
Authors: Ali Sadiq Ebtisam
Published: October 2021

Marmaduke Pickthall, a half-forgotten British novelist of the early twentieth century, has come back to the spotlight over the past few years. His Near Eastern novels and short stories have started to receive attention in contemporary scholarship but not his two autobiographies. This essay aims at tackling the more neglected piece of the two, With the Turk in Wartime, that deserves attention because of its intricate amalgamation of several features of the genre of autobiography as manifested across its history within the tradition of English literature. Analysis finds that Pickthall’s autobiography has some Romantic, Victorian, and Modern elements as well as some old characteristics of the genre elaborately interwoven into its structure. The study also traces the use that Pickthall makes of this unique autobiography and how the commingling of diverse elements allows him to turn a usually subjective genre into a public cause and dedicate it to the service of Islam. This essay highlights both the diversity that the literary history of the genre lends to Pickthall’s autobiography and the socio-political service it renders to the faith that the author has long esteemed and will ultimately convert to not long after writing this autobiography.
Investigating individual-level correlates of e-cigarette initiation among a large sample of Canadian high school students
Authors: Williams Gillian C. , Cole Adam G. , de Groh Margaret , Jiang Ying , Leatherdale Scott T.
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Having a better understanding of individual factors associated with e-cigarette initiation can help improve prevention efforts. Therefore, this study aimed to (1) identify baseline characteristics associated with e-cigarette initiation, and (2) determine whether changes in these baseline characteristics were associated with e-cigarette initiation.

Methods

This study used data from Year 6 (2017/18, baseline) and Year 7 (2018/19, follow-up) of the COMPASS study. The final sample included 12 315 students in Grades 9 to 11 who reported never having tried e-cigarettes at baseline. Students reported demographic information, other substance use, school behaviours, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and emotional regulation and flourishing scores. Hierarchical GEE models, stratified by gender, examined the association between (1) baseline characteristics and e-cigarette initiation at follow-up and (2) changes in baseline characteristics and e-cigarette initiation at follow-up.

Results

In total, 29% of students who had not yet initiated e-cigarette use reported initiating e-cigarette use at follow-up. Students in Grades 10 and 11 were less likely to initiate e-cigarette use. Other substance use, skipping school and meeting the physical activity guidelines at baseline and one-year changes to these behaviours were associated with e-cigarette initiation among both male and female students. Additionally, some differences were noted between females and males.

Conclusion

Given that other health behaviours were associated with e-cigarette initiation, prevention approaches should target multiple health-risk behaviours to help prevent youth e-cigarette use. Additionally, school-based approaches may benefit by being implemented at the beginning of high school or in junior high school.
Initiation or cessation: what keeps the prevalence of smoking higher in Quebec than in the rest of Canada?
Authors: Pelekanakis Annie , O'Loughlin Jennifer L. , Gagné Thierry , Callard Cynthia , Frohlich Katherine L.
Published: October 2021

Introduction

We compared smoking initiation and cessation in Quebec versus the rest of Canada as possible underpinnings of the continued higher cigarette smoking prevalence in Quebec.

Methods

Data were drawn from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). We compared average and sex-stratified prevalence estimates of (1) current cigarette smoking in persons aged 15 years and older; (2) past-year initiation of cigarette smoking in those aged 12 to 17 and 18 to 24 years; and (3) past-year cessation in adults aged 25 years and older in Quebec versus the other nine Canadian provinces in each two-year CCHS cycle from 2007/08 to 2017/18.

Results

The prevalence of current smoking decreased from 25% to 18% among adults aged 15 years and older in Quebec from 2007/08 to 2017/18, and from 22% to 16% in the rest of Canada. Initiation among those aged 12 to 17 years decreased from 9% to 5% in Quebec, and from 7% to 3% in the rest of Canada. Neither initiation among people aged 18 to 24 (at 6% and 7%, respectively) nor cessation among adults aged 25 and older (approximately 8%) changed over time in Quebec or in the rest of Canada. In each two-year CCHS cycle, past-year initiation among those 12 to 17 years of age was consistently higher in Quebec than in the rest of Canada, but there were no substantial or sustained differences in initiation among people aged 18 to 24 or in past-year cessation. Findings were similar when stratified by sex.

Conclusion

Higher levels of smoking initiation among youth aged 12 to 17 years could be a proximal underpinning of the continuing higher prevalence of smoking in Quebec versus the rest of Canada.
Cigarette affordability in Canadian provinces: a 10-year review
Authors: Worrell Melissa , Hagen Les
Published: October 2021

The association between pricing and cigarette consumption is long-established. However, the effects of taxation alone can be diminished if relative income increases. Therefore, affordability is seen as a key determinant of demand for cigarettes, as it combines the impact of changing prices with economic growth or wage increases. This brief analysis employs methods used by the World Health Organization in examining cigarette affordability, and explores the trend in affordability across Canadian provinces over a 10-year period, from 2009 to 2019. The discussion illustrates how monitoring affordability over time can help policy makers in Canadian provinces design tobacco taxation for maximum impact.
Responsabilidad del Estado en el uso de las redes sociales
Authors: Daza Pérez Mario Felipe
Published: October 2021

Conforme con la sociedad digital actual, la interacción activa de los usuarios en plataformas como Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Zoom, Teams, etcétera, ha hecho que se torne imperioso digitalizar las herramientas que nos gobiernan; concebir ahora las relaciones comunitarias, judiciales, administrativas telemáticamente, con mayor razón a partir del fenómeno de la pandemia del coronavirus, ha llevado incluso a que nuestro modo de vida se ajuste a nuevos paradigmas.

Los agentes del Estado constantemente publican, comentan, insultan, bloquean, informan en las plataformas, generando en ciertas ocasiones “daños antijurídicos”, materiales o inmateriales, de la cual irresponsablemente a veces con contenidos falsos o malintencionados lesionan los derechos de personas, esto con el fin de generar un interés nocivo en la comunidad. Todos los actos, hechos, acciones, operaciones, omisiones, pueden ocasionar, desde la perspectiva administrativa, una responsabilidad estatal, contractual o extracontractual, derivado del uso de las redes sociales.
Principio de legalidad: subsunción disciplinaria de las disposiciones de la Resolución 163 de 2020 de la Procuraduría General de la Nación, para aplicar el procedimiento especial del artículo 53 de la Ley 137 de 1994
Authors: Aristizábal Martínez Juan Manuel
Published: October 2021

El derecho disciplinario en Colombia se encuentra consagrado de manera general en el Código Disciplinario Único – Ley 734 de 2002, y en el nuevo Código General Disciplinario – Ley 1952 de 2019. Sin embargo, para los Estados de Excepción decretados dentro de nuestro país, la Ley 137 de 1994 consagra un régimen disciplinario aplicable en los eventos relacionados con estos estados, los cuales involucran los Estados de Guerra Exterior, de Conmoción Interior y de Emergencia Económica, Social y Ecológica, mediante procedimiento especial de carácter verbal, el cual debe aplicársele el proceso de subsunción de tipicidad como presupuesto del principio de legalidad de la estructura de la responsabilidad disciplinaria, régimen que es únicamente aplicable por la Procuraduría General de la Nación.
Control previo y concomitante de las contralorías territoriales y su necesidad en el contexto del COVID-19 en Colombia
Authors: Velásquez Rueda Juan Camilo
Published: October 2021

En el presente artículo de reflexión académica se pretende reabrir el debate, no zanjado, en torno al control preventivo por las contralorías territoriales en el actual contexto de indebido manejo de los recursos públicos durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Lo anterior, toda vez que son numerosas las denuncias que existen en los entes territoriales, y principalmente en municipios y departamentos, por el mal manejo de los fondos. No obstante, y producto del control posterior, la posibilidad de los órganos fiscales de vigilar, a modo de advertencia y de forma concomitante, el manejo de los recursos públicos es limitada, pues sólo hasta la ocurrencia del pago parcial o total de los contratos o su respectiva liquidación podrían entrar a operar las contralorías territoriales teniendo en cuenta los criterios establecidos en la Ley, esto es, desde “la eficiencia, la economía, la equidad y la valoración de los costos ambientales”, como criterios de evaluación en el desempeño de las funciones administrativas, al igual que el artículo 268-2 constitucional que incluye la eficiencia, eficacia y economía como criterios relevantes en el ejercicio de la inspección ejercida por el órgano de control fiscal.
Comunicación y salud mental: un cruce potente
Authors: Lavatelli Laura , Vidal Valeria
Published: October 2021

El texto recupera trayectorias que relatan cómo se incluyó la comunicación dentro del campo de la salud mental en Entre Ríos. Preguntas como: ¿por qué la comunicación en salud mental?, ¿cuáles son los aportes de nuestra (in)disciplina en este escenario? La potencialidad clínica y política guían intervenciones, investigaciones y prácticas. Un boletín institucional, la incorporación de la comunicación en una guardia hospitalaria de urgencias, la radio como un espacio para favorecer la construcción del lazo, la lectura de los medios y el acompañamiento a sus profesionales para lograr coberturas respetuosas sobre la temática, la invención de un personaje para accesibilizar conceptos, la sala de espera como ritual de paso, son algunas de las prácticas que hablan de un camino incipiente, sostenido y potente.
USA ISOLATIONISM POLICY DURING THE REIGN OF PRESIDENT FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT(1933–1941)
Authors: SAVGULYAN AREG
Published: October 2021

The article describes historical, ideological, cultural–civilizational, diplomatic, military– political, as well as military financial–economic and legislative–legal factors of neutralist policy during the reign of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1941). As a military–political and diplomatic tool of the United States, neutralism is continued to be used in the context of “good neighbor”, “neutralist” and “non–interference” policies. The doctrine of neutralism is trying to find its new place in the militarized world as a disinterested witness of the contest between good and evil ideologies.
Avaliação de polimorfonucleares (PMNs) séricos e peroxidação lipídica de tabagistas e não tabagistas
Authors: Constantino Leandra Celso , Vilarino Alexsandra , Cruz Isabella Huttener da , Humenhuk Thais , Andrade Jessica Angelita de , Gapsky Andreia , Ludka Fabiana Kalyne
Published: October 2021

Introdução: O tabagismo é considerado uma epidemia mundial e, segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), cerca de cinco milhões de pessoas morre a cada ano em consequência das doenças relacionadas ao tabaco. O tabaco, além de vários efeitos nocivos, está relacionado com aumento das células de defesa. Objetivo: Avaliar a viabilidade de células polimorfonucleares (PMNs) e o dano oxidativo no sangue de indivíduos fumantes e não fumantes através da formação de espécies reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Metodologia: Foram avaliados 22 voluntários (ambos os sexos): 11 fumantes e 11 não fumantes. Após responderem um questionário sobre dependência do tabaco, amostras de sangue foram obtidas por punção venosa, sendo parte das mesmas destinadas para análise no microscópio de luz para avaliar a viabilidade dos PMNs e parte para análise da formação de TBARS. Resultados: Os dados demonstraram que 18% possuem grau de dependência à nicotina baixo, 27% dos tabagistas possuem grau de dependência médio e 18% considerados com nível de dependência à nicotina elevada. Com relação à viabilidade dos PMNs e a formação de TBARS, nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada entre os grupos tabagistas e não tabagistas, embora o grupo tabagistas apresentou uma diminuição na porcentagem da viabilidade dos PMNs. Conclusão: Os dados demonstraram que a maior percentagem dos participantes possui um grau médio de dependência à nicotina, A viabilidade dos PMNs e a formação de TBARS não foi alterada entre os grupos tabagistas e não tabagistas, embora o grupo tabagistas apresentou uma diminuição na porcentagem da viabilidade dos PMNs.
Palavras-chave: Tabaco. Sistema imune. Polimorfonucleares. TBARS.
Acidentes causados pela arraia fluvial Potamotrygon motoro em comunidades lacustres em Território do bioma Oriental da Amazônia
Authors: Costa Jailma Araújo da , Martins Ana Paula Barbosa , Feitosa Leonardo Manir , Haddad Júnior Vidal , Carvalho Ingredy Eylanne Monroe , Nunes Jorge Luiz Silva
Published: October 2021

Os ferimentos causados por arraias de água doce são comuns entre os pescadores. A raia Potamotrygon motoro apresenta um ferrão com uma ponta afiada e pontas serrilhadas espalhadas bilateralmente, os ferrões possuem toxinas que promovem a vasoconstrição, causando dor imediata e isquemia. Esses acidentes são extensos e podem manter as vítimas impossibilitadas de trabalhar por semanas a meses. Considerando o impacto das injúrias na subsistência de comunidades ribeirinhas de pescadores, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar relatos de envenenamento pela arraia Potamotrygon motoro em dois municípios localizados no bioma Amazônia Oriental (sítio Ramsar da Baixada Maranhense) no município de Penalva e Viana. A metodologia consistiu em análises descritivas e transversais, a partir da aplicação de 40 questionários semiestruturados em pescadores artesanais a fim de obter dados clínicos e epidemiológicos relacionados aos acidentes causados por P. motoro em pescadores artesanais. Quarenta pescadores feridos por arraias de água doce foram entrevistados. Dor e edema foram os sintomas comuns a todos os pescadores, seguidos de necrose cutânea (70%). As vítimas costumam adotar auto tratamentos inusitados, baseados em conhecimentos tradicionais e culturais, como o uso de urina, ervas, fumaça de saco de estopa e fezes humanas. O número de lesões em cada pescador variou de 2 a 4 vezes (50%) a até 10 vezes (12,5%). Os resultados mostram que as lesões por P. motoro são frequentes em Penalva e Viana, reforçando a necessidade dos órgãos públicos de saúde estabelecerem ações educativas preventivas e proporcionarem melhor qualificação dos profissionais de saúde para realizar o tratamento adequado das lesões.
Palavras-chave: Animais venenosos. Raias. Saúde ocupacional. Saúde ambiental.
Psychological Analysis of Moral Judgment: A Literature Review
Authors: Arslan Nihan
Published: October 2021

A person’s happiness depends on mental health as well as physical health. If an individual’s mental health is good, s/he generally tries to come to terms with the environment and establishes normal relations. In other words, the mental health of the individual is very closely related to his/her relations with the environment. Even though people suffer from different levels of problems of adaptation to the social environment in terms of what civilization brings, they nevertheless have to adapt to the environment and regulate their harmony. Moral consciousness and moral behavior develop when the individual and society are in the process of mutual interaction. This process of interaction can be better explained when the characteristics of the parties involved can be set out and distinguished as clearly as possible. The processes of moral thought and consciousness must therefore be examined and defined in order to be able to define and understand moral action, because the moral quality of behavior depends on the ability to make moral judgments. The aim of this research is to examine the concept of moral judgment from a psychological perspective. The findings of the study will be discussed within the scope of the relevant previous literature
Attitudes of teachers of students with learning disabilities towards distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mufarrıh Alı Alqahtanı Mohammed
Published: October 2021

The study aimed to identify the attitudes of teacher of students with learning disabilities towards distance education in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study used the descriptive and analytical method, and applied the study to a sample consisting of (32) teachers in Aseer region. The study used a questionnaire as an instrument of the study. The questionnaire consisted of (18) statements covering two main dimensions, the first included the basic data of the sample, and the second included the questionnaire phrases that were judged and verified the psychometric properties. The findings showed that teachers are keen to use the benefits of distance education. However, there was a lack of interdependence of relationships between students as a result of the lack of interaction between them during the distance education period in light of the Corona pandemic. Teaching using distance education is very stressful in the absence of the necessary activities that attract the attention of the student with learning disabilities. The degree of achievement of students is less and this is normal compared to the teaching in the presence of teachers in schools, which is more interactive and the acquisition of information.
Reliability of range-of-motion measurements of healthy dogs examined while walking on a treadmill
Authors: Pietsch Sebastian , Steigmeier-Raith Stephanie , Reese Sven , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

To determine the reliability of range-of-motion (ROM) measurements and describe physiologic differences in ROM or habituation effects during gait analysis of healthy dogs walking on a treadmill.

ANIMALS

11 orthopedically normal dogs.

PROCEDURES

ROM of appendicular joints was determined for each dog while walking on a treadmill on 3 consecutive examination days and once again 6 weeks later. Significant differences in ROM between examination days were determined and quantified. As a measure of reproducibility, the coefficient of variation for repeated measurements was calculated, as were the minimum differences necessary to distinguish between physiologic variation and true change in ROM.

RESULTS

Mean ROM of the shoulder, elbow, and carpal joints varied among examination days between 29.9° and 33.1°, 49.4° and 52.8°, and 7.7° and 88.1°, respectively. Mean associated minimum differences were 12.0°, 14.1°, and 35.6°. Mean ROM of the hip, knee, and tarsal joints varied between 32.9° and 35.8°, 33.7° and 36.8°, and 31.7° and 33.5°, respectively. Mean associated minimum differences were 16.2°, 14.0°, and 9.2°. Only ROM of the elbow joint was reproducible to a small degree. Few systematic effects were detected.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Measurement of ROM in healthy dogs walking on a treadmill was shown to be diagnostically unreliable owing to high variation among examination days. However, random physiologic fluctuations could be distinguished from systematic effects, demonstrating the importance of reliably applicable threshold values for follow-up treadmill examinations. The applicability of the minimum differences determined here to orthopedically diseased dogs remains to be determined.
Pharmacokinetics of grapiprant administered to red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) after food was withheld for 24 hours
Authors: Rodriguez Paula , Paul-Murphy Joanne R. , Knych Heather K. , Drazenovich Tracy L. , Hawkins Michelle G.
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

To identify an oral dose of grapiprant for red-tailed hawks (RTHAs; Buteo jamaicensis) that would achieve a plasma concentration > 164 ng/mL, which is considered therapeutic for dogs with osteoarthritis.

ANIMALS

6 healthy adult RTHAs.

PROCEDURES

A preliminary study, in which grapiprant (4 mg/kg [n = 2], 11 mg/kg [2], or 45 mg/kg [2]) was delivered into the crop of RTHAs from which food had been withheld for 24 hours, was performed to obtained pharmacokinetic data for use with modeling software to simulate results for grapiprant doses of 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 mg/kg. Simulation results directed our selection of the grapiprant dose administered to the RTHAs in a single-dose study. Plasma grapiprant concentration, body weight, and gastrointestinal signs of RTHAs were monitored.

RESULTS

On the basis of results from the preliminary study and simulations, a grapiprant dose of 30 mg/kg was used in the single-dose study. The geometric mean maximum observed plasma concentration of grapiprant was 3,184 ng/mL, time to maximum plasma grapiprant concentration was 2.0 hours, and the harmonic mean terminal half-life was 17.1 hours. No substantial adverse effects were observed.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Although the single dose of grapiprant (30 mg/kg) delivered into the crop achieved plasma concentrations > 164 ng/mL in the RTHAs, it was unknown whether this concentration would be therapeutic for birds. Further research that incorporates multidose assessments, safety monitoring, and pharmacodynamic data collection is warranted on the use of grapiprant in RTHAs from which food was withheld versus not withheld.
Evaluation of glucose absorption rates following intracoelomic or subcutaneous administration in experimentally dehydrated inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)
Authors: Minor Rashea L. , Doss Grayson A. , Mans Christoph
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate glucose absorption rates as an indirect measure of fluid absorption after SC or intracoelomic (ICe) administration of 2.5% dextrose solution to experimentally dehydrated inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps).

ANIMALS

9 adult bearded dragons.

PROCEDURES

In a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover design study, bearded dragons were experimentally dehydrated with a previously described protocol and then received 2.5% dextrose solution (a 1:1 mixture of 5% dextrose in isotonic multiple electrolytes solution; 20 mL/kg), SC or ICe, or a control treatment (the same electrolytes solution without added glucose; 20 mL/kg). Blood glucose (BG) concentrations were measured at predetermined times up to 24 hours after fluid administration. There was a ≥ 14-day washout period between treatments. Mean changes in BG concentration from baseline were compared among treatments.

RESULTS

Administration of 2.5% dextrose solution by either route increased BG concentration with a significantly greater change in values within 5 minutes, compared with control treatment results. The mean change in BG concentration after ICe administration was significantly greater than that after SC administration 15 and 30 minutes after injection, with mean differences of −50 and −36 mg/dL, respectively, for the SC treatment. Within 1 hour after fluid administration, there was no significant difference in BG values between the 2 dextrose administration routes.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Findings supported that fluid therapy by SC administration, which carries a lower risk of iatrogenic complications, can provide results similar to those achieved with ICe administration.
Evaluation of canine adipose–derived multipotent stromal cell differentiation to ligamentoblasts on tensioned collagen type I templates in a custom bioreactor culture system
Authors: Taguchi Takashi , Zhang Nan , Angibeau Dominique , Spivey Kathryn P. , Lopez Mandi J.
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate differentiation of canine adipose–derived multipotent stromal cells (ASCs) into ligamentoblasts on tensioned collagen type I (Col1) templates in a perfusion culture system.

SAMPLES

Infrapatellar fat pad ASCs from healthy stifle joints of 6 female mixed-breed dogs.

PROCEDURES

Third-passage ASCs (6 × 106 cells/template) were loaded onto suture-augmented Col1 templates under 15% static strain in perfusion bioreactors. Forty-eight ASC-Col1 constructs were incubated with ligamentogenic (ligamentogenic constructs; n = 24) or stromal medium (stromal constructs; 24) for up to 21 days. Specimens were collected from each construct after 2 hours (day 0) and 7, 14, and 21 days of culture. Cell number, viability, distribution, and morphology; construct collagen content; culture medium procollagen-I-N-terminal peptide concentration; and gene expression were compared between ligamentogenic and stromal constructs.

RESULTS

ASCs adhered to collagen fibers. Cell numbers increased from days 0 to 7 and days 14 to 21 for both construct types. Relative to stromal constructs, cell morphology and extracellular matrix were more mature and collagen content on day 21 and procollagen-I-N-terminal peptide concentration on days 7 and 21 were greater for ligamentogenic constructs. Ligamentogenic constructs had increased expression of the genes biglycan on day 7, decorin throughout the culture period, and Col1, tenomodulin, fibronectin, and tenascin-c on day 21; expression of Col1, tenomodulin, and tenascin-c increased between days 7 and 21.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Ligamentogenic medium was superior to stromal medium for differentiation of ASCs to ligamentoblasts on suture-augmented Col1 scaffolds. Customized ligament neotissue may augment treatment options for dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture.
A Percepção Da Extensão. Exame das teses de Berkeley
Authors: Alves Pedro MS.
Published: October 2021

In this paper I discuss Berkeley’s theories about vision, perception of distance, and the foundations of Geometry. I start with Locke’s answer to Molineaux’s problem and the criticisms Berkeley addressed to it. I explain the fundamentais of Berkeley’s theory about our cognitive shaping of the visual field and the type of connections that visual data establishes with data from the haptic field. I show how interesting are Berkeley’s conceptions for a phenomenology of perception, and, eventually, I carried some phenomenological evidence against Berkeley’s too much strict location of the idea of distance in the haptic field alone.
Valores y racionalidad en los diversos tipos de cultura
Authors: Martín Javier San
Published: October 2021

The author deals with philosophical ethos in its practical function. After the First World War Husserl not only considers the structure but also the function of phenomenology. A meditation on this function, with regard to the history of philosophy, is his primal task in the Freiburg years. Thus the possibility of developing a rigorous phenomenology of practical reason becomes the basis of phenomenology. The importance of Husserl’s characterization of life in terms of striving is stressed as a key motive in the turn from static to genetic phenomenology. It is argued that instinctive life is inserted in a cultural development that shapes a theoretical side providing content to our primal tendencies as well as the identity of individuals. A decisive point in genetic phenomenology is the passage from instinctive animality to human life. This development rests on a pretheoretic affectivity that colors life as a sort of subconsciousness underlying all our activities. It is the originary stratum through which we approach the world. The article goes on to high-light the importance of Husserl’s concept of culture and specifically of his practical concept of culture which is made up of life-regulations and without which an ideal and a technical culture are devoid of a ground. Finally, the author considers life-regulations as a key problem to be dealt with by phenomenology first in the emotional and then in the practical level.
Engaging the social: Community engaged pedagogy in the context of decolonization and transformation at the University of Cape Town
Authors: Chihota Justice , Harding Genevieve , Louskieter Lance , McMillan Janice , Mkhonta Sizwe , Oliver Sarah
Published: October 2021

Globally, higher education is at a crossroads on so many levels: funding, course development, who our students are, what knowledge is relevant for the world of work and beyond, what kinds of students do we want to graduate, and who are we as educators. All these questions (and more) have been around for some time; the current COVID-19 context however brings them even more sharply to the fore.

This paper responds to the prompt about how we train professionals for the future so that they don’t participate in systems of oppression and inequality. It was written in 2017 in response to a conference on social and epistemic justice in the wake of the 2015 student protest movements and was written collaboratively by an intergenerational group of educators working on a course in the Engineering and Built Environment (EBE) Faculty at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. All of us have a strong commitment to social justice, and to providing engineering students with an opportunity to think about their professional identity through the lens of community engagement. While written before the onset of COVID-19, we believe that the arguments we make are pertinent to the current context. Drawing on the Honors’ thesis of one member of our group, we sought to reflect on and analyze our work in this context. In particular, the principles of multi-centricity, indigeneity and reflexivity (Dei, 2014) proved useful in making sense of our practice and our work together.
The synthesis, antimicrobial activity and docking studies of 6-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin- 4(3H)-ones with acetamide and 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-ylmethyl substituents
Authors: Vlasov Sergiy V. , Borysov Oleksandr V. , Severina Hanna I. , Kovalenko Sergiy M. , Osolodchenko Tetiana P. , Vlasov Vitaliy S. , Georgiyants Victoriya A.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To synthesize, study the antimicrobial activity and suggest antimicrobial activity mechanism for the novel derivatives of 6-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one. Results and discussion. As the result of the targeted modification of 6-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-methylthieno[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-4(3H)-one in position 3 with acetamide and 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-ylmethyl substituents, the compounds, which demonstrated better antimicrobial activity in the agar well diffusion assay than the reference drug Streptomycin, were obtained. To elucidate the mechanism of action of the novel compounds, the docking studies were con-ducted to the active site of the 16S subunit of ribosomal RNA, the proven target for aminoglycoside antibiotics, as well as tRNA (Guanine37-N1)-methyltransferase (TrmD), which inhibitors were considered as a new potential class of antibiotics. Experimental part. By the interaction of 6-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one with a series of N-arylchloroacetamides and 3-aryl-5-(chloromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles in DMF in the presence of K2CO3 the target compounds were obtained. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by the agar well diffusion method. The concentration of microbial cells was determined by the McFarland standard; the value was 107 cells in 1 mL of the media. The 18 – 24 hour culture of microorganisms was used for tests. For the bacteria cultivation, Müller-Hinton agar was used, Sabouraud agar was applied for C. albicans cultivation. The compounds were tested as the DMSO solution with the concentration of 100 µg/mL; the volume of the solution was 0.3 mL, the same volume was used for Streptomycin (the concentration 30 µg/mL). The docking studies were performed using Autodock Vina. Crystallographic data for the complexes of Streptomycin with the 16S subunit of ribosomal RNA (1NTB) and its active site, as well as for tRNA (Guanine37-N1)-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.228; TrmD) (5ZHN) and its active site were obtained from the Protein Data Bank.Conclusions. It has been determined that 2-[6-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-5-methyl-4-oxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-yl]-N-[4-(ethoxy)phenyl]acetamide, which is the most active as an antimicrobial agent among the compounds tested, also shows the best binding activity towards the active site of tRNA (guanine37-N1)-methyltransferase.
Una aproximación conceptual y literaria a la gastrodiplomacia como conductora de marca de un destino
Authors:   Universidad de Deusto (España), González Silvia María
Published: October 2021

This article analyses and describes the different conceptual terms used in gastronomy to under‑ stand it as an art and way of promoting a region or a destination, as a tool for cultural diplomacy, now known as gastro‑diplomacy. The central axis of the article studies and researches the main agents in the sector and the different strategies that can be carried out to improve this field. In the conclusions, we offer some reflec‑ tions on trends in gastronomy, tourism, culture, and society
Tetraventricular noncommunicating hydrocephalus: Case report and literature review
Authors: Rosa Magno Rocha Freitas , Cruz Thainá Zanon , Magalhães Junior Eduardo Vasconcelos , Nigri Flavio
Published: October 2021

Background:

Tetraventricular hydrocephalus is a common presentation of communicating hydrocephalus. Conversely, cases with noncommunicating etiology impose a diagnostic challenge and are often neglected and underdiagnosed. Herein, we present a review of literature for clinical, diagnostic, and surgical aspects regarding noncommunicating tetrahydrocephalus caused by primary fourth ventricle outlet obstruction (FVOO), illustrating with a case from our service.

Methods:

We performed a research on PubMed database crossing the terms “FVOO,” “tetraventriculomegaly,” and “hydrocephalus” in English. Fifteen articles (a total of 34 cases of primary FVOO) matched our criteria and were, therefore, included in this study besides our own case.

Results:

Most cases presented in adulthood (47%), equally divided between male and female. Clinical presentation was unspecific, commonly including headache, nausea, and dizziness as symptoms (35.29%, 21.57%, and 9.80%, respectively), with ataxic gait (65%) and papilledema (40%) being the most frequent signs. MRI and CT were the imaging modalities of choice (11 patients each), often associated with CSF flow studies, such as cine MRI and CT ventriculogram. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) was both the most popular and effective surgical approach (50.85% of cases, with 18.91% of recurrence) followed by ventricle-peritoneal shunt (16.95% of patients, 23.0% of recurrence).

Conclusion:

FVOO stands for a poorly understood etiology of noncommunicating tetrahydrocephalus. With the use of ETV, these cases, once hopeless, had its morbimortality and recurrence reduced greatly. Therefore, its suspicion and differentiation from other forms of tetrahydrocephalus can improve its natural course, reinforcing the importance of its acknowledgment.
Spontaneous regression of a thrombosed cerebral arteriovenous malformation in a patient with a prothrombotic state associated with multiple myeloma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Arenas-Ruiz José A. , Hernández-Álvarez Nickjail , de Llano Juan P. Navarro-Garcia , Ponce-Ayala Aurelio , Nathal Edgar
Published: October 2021

Background:

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are pathologic communications between veins and arteries of the brain vasculature. Its spontaneous regression is rare, and many factors have been described in the effort to explain this phenomenon, including a hypercoagulable state.

Case Description:

We present the case of a spontaneous unruptured AVM regression in a patient where thrombosis of the malformation was found, probably due to a prothrombotic state associated with multiple myeloma (MM).

Conclusion:

We aim to contribute to the study of this rare phenomenon, presenting the relationship between a hypercoagulable state caused by MM and the spontaneous AVM regression that has not been previously reported.
Comparison between ultra-high-resolution computed tomographic angiography and conventional computed tomographic angiography in the visualization of the subcallosal artery
Authors: Sato Yoshimichi , Endo Toshiki , Kayano Shingo , Nemoto Hitoshi , Shimada Kazuki , Ito Akira , Endo Hidenori , Mugikura Shunji , Niizuma Kuniyasu , Tominaga Teiji
Published: October 2021

Background:

The subcallosal artery (ScA) is a single dominant artery arising from the anterior communicating artery. Its injury causes amnesia and cognitive disturbance. The conventional computed tomographic angiography (C-CTA) is a common evaluation method of the intracranial artery. However, to image tinny perforating arteries such as the ScA is technically demanding for C-CTA. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the ultra-high-resolution CTA (UHR-CTA) could image the ScA better than C-CTA. UHR-CTA became available in clinical practice in 2017. Its novel features are the improvement of the detector system and a small X-ray focus.

Methods:

Between April 2019 and May 2020, 77 and 49 patients who underwent intracranial UHR-CTA and C-CTA, respectively, were enrolled in this study. Two board-certified neurosurgeons participated as observers to identify the ScA based on UHR-CTA and C-CTA images.

Results:

UHR-CTA and C-CTA detected the ScA in 56–58% and 30–40% of the patients, respectively. In visualization of the ScA, UHR-CTA was better than C-CTA (P < 0.05, Fisher’s exact test). Between the two observers, the Cohen’s kappa coefficient was 0.77 for UHR-CTA and 0.78 for C-CTA.

Conclusions:

UHR-CTA is a simple and accessible method to evaluate intracranial vasculature. Visualization of the ScA with UHR-CTA was better than that with C-CTA. The high quality of UHR-CTA could provide useful information in the neurosurgery field.
Prematüre Bebeklerde Kanguru Bakımının Anne-Bebek Bağlanmasına ve Emzirmeye Etkisi
Authors: KABASAKAL Ayşe , KİTİŞ Yeter
Published: October 2021

Giriş: Premature doğumlar, 37. gebelik haftasından önce gerçekleşen doğumlardır. Amaç: Bu çalışma prematüre bebeklerde kanguru bakımının anne-bebek bağlanmasına ve emzirme sürecine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Girişimsel olarak yapılan çalışma, gestasyon haftası 32 ve 36+6 hafta arasında olan 60 prematüre bebek ve onların anneleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan anne-bebek veri toplama formu, LATCH Emzirme Tanılama Ölçeği ve Anne-Bebek Bağlanma Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulguların yorumlanmasında frekans tabloları, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, parametrik ve parametrik olmayan yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Girişim ve kontrol gruplarında yer alan annelerin bağlanma düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu, emzirme başarı oranlarının zaman içinde arttığı ve gruplar arası bebeklerin hastanede kalış sürelerinde bir fark olmadığı gözlenmiştir. Sonuç ve Öneriler: Prematüre bebeğin gelişimini ve anneyi destekleyici hemşirelik bakımının verilmesi son derece önemlidir. Kanguru bakımının etkisini değerlendirmek için kanguru bakımının süre ve sıklık açısından standardize edildiği daha geniş örneklemli çalışmaların yapılması önerilir.
Toplumun çevreye ilişkin tutumu, geri dönüşüm niyetine ilişkin toplumsal kurallar ve ilişkili faktörler
Authors: UÇMAN Sude , DOLU İlknur
Published: October 2021

Giriş: Çöplerin kaynağında ayrıştırılması davranışı, toplumun çevre bilinci ve geri dönüşüm niyeti ile bağlantılıdır. Amaç: Bu çalışma, toplumda yaşayan yetişkin bireylerin çevreye ilişkin tutumlarını belirlemek ve geri dönüşüm niyetine ilişkin toplumsal kurallar ile ilişkisini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel, tanımlayıcı nitelikte planlanan bu çalışma, 18 yaş ve üzeri bireylerin katılımı ile Eylül 2020- Ocak 2021 tarihleri arasında Bartın İlinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışma verilerini toplamak amacıyla anket formu, Geri Dönüşüm Niyetine İlişkin Toplumsal Kurallar Ölçeği ve çevre bilgi, duygu ve davranış alt boyutlarından oluşan Çevre Tutum Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %66,7’si evlerine yakın bir konumda geri dönüşüm noktasının olmadığını ve %59,4’ü alışverişe giderken kendi alışveriş torbasını götürdüğünü ifade etmişlerdir. Katılımcıların demografik özelliklerine göre yapılan karşılaştırmalı analizlere göre tam zamanlı çalışan bireylerin çalışmayan bireylere göre Çevre Davranış Ölçeği alt boyutu (F = 4,177; P = 0,017) ve Geri Dönüşüm Niyetine İlişkin Toplumsal Kurallar Anketinden (KW = 6,476; P = 0,039) aldıkları puanlar istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde çevreye karşı tutum ile geri dönüşüm niyetine ilişkin toplumsal kurallar arasında güçlü bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür (r = 0,508; p < 0,01). Sonuç ve Öneriler: Çalışmadan elde edilen bulguların toplumun çevreye karşı olumlu tutum geliştirmesine ve geri dönüşüme sağlayacağı katkıyı artırmaya yönelik eğitim ve girişimsel programların planlanmasında kullanılabileceği öngörülmektedir.
Przywództwo w firmie rodzinnej
Authors: Kondzielnik Olga
Published: October 2021

Celem artykułu jest przestawienie przywództwa w firmie z sektora MŚP ukazanego przez pryzmat sukcesji w firmie rodzinnej. Artykuł nawiązuje do książki pod redakcją Moniki Kosetery zatytułowana „Szef polski” i jest omówieniem kolejnego przypadku przywództwa. Artykuł składa się z pięciu części. Pierwsza zawiera przegląd literatury z zakresu przywództwa z naciskiem na rozróżnienie pojęć i ról zarządzającego i przywódcy. W drugiej części opisano metodologię, według której przeprowadzono badanie. Kolejna część – empiryczna, obejmuje opis zjawiska przywództwa w badanej firmie rodzinnej w kontekście trzech ról jakie pełni w zarządzanej organizacji, a mianowicie w roli: ogólnospołecznej, profesjonalnej i organizacyjnej. Czwarta część artykułu oparta o wywiad i analizę dokumentacji została całkowicie poświęcona roli przywódcy w badanej organizacji z uwzględnieniem nowych szans i zagrożeń powstałych w wyniku pandemii spowodowanej wirusem COVID-19. Ostatnią część stanowi podsumowanie rozważań i dyskusja.