bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress and inflammation in the evolution of heart failure: From pathophysiology to therapeutic strategies
Authors: Aimo Alberto , Castiglione Vincenzo , Borrelli Chiara , Saccaro Luigi F , Franzini Maria , Masi Stefano , Emdin Michele , Giannoni Alberto
Published: August 2019

Both oxidative stress and inflammation are enhanced in chronic heart failure. Dysfunction of cardiac mitochondria is a hallmark of heart failure and a leading cause of oxidative stress, which in turn exerts detrimental effects on cellular components, including mitochondria themselves, thus generating a vicious circle. Oxidative stress also causes myocardial tissue damage and inflammation, contributing to heart failure progression. Furthermore, a subclinical inflammatory state may be caused by heart failure comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes mellitus or sleep apnoeas. Some markers of both oxidative stress and inflammation are enhanced in chronic heart failure and hold prognostic significance. For all these reasons, antioxidants or anti-inflammatory drugs may represent interesting additional therapies for subjects either at high risk or with established heart failure. Nonetheless, only a few clinical trials on antioxidants have been carried out so far, with several disappointing results except for vitamin C, elamipretide and coenzyme Q10. With regard to anti-inflammatory drugs, only preliminary data on the interleukin-1 antagonist anakinra are currently available. Therefore, a comprehensive, deep understanding of our current knowledge on oxidative stress and inflammation in chronic heart failure is key to providing some suggestions for future research on this topic.
Validation of the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) Score as an Outcome Measure by Comparison to the Revised Foot Function Index (rFFI)
Authors: Bellas Nicholas , Cirino Carl , Cote Mark P. , Sathe Vinayak , Geaney Lauren
Published: August 2019

Background:

Patient-reported outcome measures serve as an invaluable tool in both the clinical and research setting to monitor a patient’s condition and efficacy of treatments over time. We aim to validate the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score for disorders of the lower extremity using the revised–Foot Function Index (rFFI) as a reference. The SANE score is a 1-question survey that may improve efficiency of outcome data collection in the clinical setting.

Methods:

Patient age, sex, visit diagnosis by ICD-10 code, SANE score, and rFFI score were collected retrospectively from 218 initial patient encounters between January 2015 through July 2017. Patients were included if they were 18 years or older and were excluded if they had incomplete SANE or rFFI data. Results of the two scores were compared using the Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients, with correlation defined as excellent (>0.7), excellent-good (0.61-0.7), good (0.4-0.6), or poor (0.2-0.39). Diagnoses were categorized into 9 subgroups that were analyzed, including forefoot, plantar fasciitis, arthritis, deformity, fracture, tendinitis, osteochondral defect (OCD) of the talus, acute soft tissue trauma, and “other.”

Results:

The SANE score had good correlation with the overall rFFI score ( r = 0.51, P < .01). When comparing the SANE score to the rFFI subscores, there was good correlation with pain ( r = 0.42, P < .01), good correlation with stiffness ( r = 0.44, P < .01), poor correlation with activity ( r = 0.36, P <.01), good correlation with difficulty ( r = 0.52, P < .01), and poor correlation with social issues ( r = 0.39, P < .01). Subanalysis showed an excellent-good correlation between SANE and rFFI score for forefoot pathology ( r = 0.67, P < .01) and plantar fasciitis ( r = 0.63, P < .02), good correlation for arthritis ( r = 0.49, P < .04), deformity ( r = 0.60, P < .01), fracture ( r = 0.50, P < .01), and tendinitis ( r = 0.47, P < .02), and no significant correlation for OCD of the talus ( r = 0.56, P < .15) and acute soft tissue trauma ( r = 0.19, P < .32).

Conclusion:

The SANE score demonstrates excellent-good correlation with the rFFI for specific pathology including the forefoot and plantar fasciitis and has limited correlation with other pathology.
Dinaciclib enhances natural killer cell cytotoxicity against acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Yun Hyun Don , Schirm Dawn K. , Felices Martin , Miller Jeffrey S. , Eckfeldt Craig E.
Published: August 2019

Key Points

Dinaciclib enhances NK-cell activity against leukemia cells in preclinical AML models. Enhanced NK-cell activation by dinaciclib-treated AML is associated with downregulation of inhibitory NK ligand HLA-E on leukemia cells.
Monocyte procoagulant responses to anthrax peptidoglycan are reinforced by proinflammatory cytokine signaling
Authors: Popescu Narcis Ioan , Girton Alanson , Burgett Tarea , Lovelady Kessa , Coggeshall K. Mark
Published: August 2019

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a frequent manifestation during bacterial infections and is associated with negative clinical outcomes. Imbalanced expression and activity of intravascular tissue factor (TF) is central to the development of infection-associated coagulopathies. Recently, we showed that anthrax peptidoglycan (PGN) induces disseminated intravascular coagulation in a nonhuman primate model of anthrax sepsis. We hypothesized that immune recognition of PGN by monocytes is critical for procoagulant responses to PGN and investigated whether and how PGN induces TF expression in primary human monocytes. We found that PGN induced monocyte TF expression in a large cohort of healthy volunteers similar to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Both immune and procoagulant responses to PGN involve intracellular recognition after PGN internalization, as well as surface signaling through immune Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). In line with our hypothesis, blocking immune receptor function, both signaling and FcγR-mediated phagocytosis, significantly reduced but did not abolish PGN-induced monocyte TF expression, indicating that FcγR-independent internalization contributes to intracellular recognition of PGN. Conversely, when intracellular PGN recognition is abolished, TF expression was sensitive to inhibitors of FcγR signaling, indicating that surface engagement of monocyte immune receptors can promote TF expression. The primary procoagulant responses to PGN were further amplified by proinflammatory cytokines through paracrine and autocrine signaling. Despite intersubject variability in the study cohort, dual neutralization of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β provided the most robust inhibition of the procoagulant amplification loop and may prove useful for reducing coagulopathies in gram-positive sepsis.
Tuberculosis among asylum seekers in Milan, Italy: epidemiological analysis and evaluation of interventions
Authors: Villa Simone , Codecasa Luigi Ruffo , Faccini Marino , Pontello Mirella Maria , Ferrarese Maurizio , Castellotti Paola Francesca , Senatore Sabrina , Lamberti Anna , Mazzola Ester , Perno Carlo Federico , Campisi Daniela , Saporiti Matteo , Raviglione Mario Carlo
Published: August 2019

In countries of the European Union, tuberculosis (TB) mainly affects marginalised people, including asylum seekers. Migratory flows from high-incidence countries to Italy have increased up to 2017, posing challenges to the national health system. This study sought to assess TB and latent TB infection (LTBI) prevalence among asylum seekers in Milan during the biennium 2016–2017 and to evaluate interventions in place.

A two-level active surveillance and screening system was developed for both TB and LTBI. Asylum seekers underwent an initial screening with a tuberculin skin test (TST) and a questionnaire at the receiving sites. At the Regional TB Reference Centre, those with a positive result underwent chest radiography. People aged <35 years with negative chest radiography results underwent further testing by interferon-γ release assay. If results of the assay were positive, LTBI treatment was offered. TB and LTBI prevalence were compared with literature data.

A total of 5324 asylum seekers, mostly young (10–39 years; 98%), male (84%) and from sub-Saharan Africa (69%), were enrolled in the study. 69 active TB cases were diagnosed and 863 LTBI-positive individuals were detected. TB prevalence was high (1236 per 100 000 population) and LTBI prevalence was 28%. Despite losses (41%) during the transition from initial screening sites and the diagnostic centre, a good TB cure rate (84%) and optimal LTBI treatment completion (94%) were achieved.

Our study shows that TB incidence is high among asylum seekers in Milan and that well-coordinated screening measures are critical for early diagnosis and treatment. It also proves that rolling out successful at-scale interventions for both prophylaxis and disease management is feasible.
Exacerbation action plans for patients with COPD and comorbidities: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lenferink Anke , van der Palen Job , van der Valk Paul D.L.P.M. , Cafarella Paul , van Veen Anneke , Quinn Stephen , Groothuis-Oudshoorn Catharina G.M. , Burt Morton G. , Young Mary , Frith Peter A. , Effing Tanja W.
Published: August 2019

This international randomised controlled trial evaluated whether COPD patients with comorbidities, trained in using patient-tailored multidisease exacerbation action plans, had fewer COPD exacerbation days than usual care (UC).

COPD patients (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification II–IV) with ≥1 comorbidity (ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, diabetes, anxiety, depression) were randomised to a patient-tailored self-management intervention (n=102) or UC (n=99). Daily symptom diaries were completed for 12 months. The primary outcome “COPD exacerbation days per patient per year” was assessed using intention-to-treat analyses.

No significant difference was observed in the number of COPD exacerbation days per patient per year (self-management: median 9.6 (interquartile range (IQR) 0.7–31.1); UC: median 15.6 (IQR 3.0–40.3); incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.87 (95% CI 0.54; 1.39); p=0.546). There was a significantly shorter duration per COPD exacerbation for self-management (self-management: median 8.1 (IQR 4.8–10.1) days; UC: median 9.5 (IQR 7.0–15.1) days; p=0.021), with no between-group differences in the total number of respiratory hospitalisations (IRR 0.76 (95% CI 0.42; 1.35); p=0.348), but a lower probability of ≥1 for respiratory-related hospitalisation compared to UC (relative risk 0.55 (95% CI 0.35; 0.87); p=0.008). No between-group differences were observed in all-cause hospitalisations (IRR 1.07 (95% CI 0.66; 1.72)) or mortality (self-management: n=4 (3.9%); UC: n=7 (7.1%); relative risk 0.55 (95% CI 0.17; 1.84)).

Patient-tailored exacerbation action plans for COPD patients with comorbidities did not significantly reduce exacerbation days, but reduced the duration per COPD exacerbation and the risk of having at least one respiratory-related hospitalisation during follow-up, without excess all-cause mortality.
Analytical characterization of 5,5′-dibromoindigo and its first discovery in a museum textile
Authors: Smith Gregory Dale , Chen Victor J. , Holden Amanda , Keefe Melinda H. , Lieb Shannon G.
Published: August 2019

The exploitation of natural sources and later synthetic molecules to generate blue to purple coloration in textiles has a long history in the dyer’s craft. Natural indigoids such as indigo, woad, and Tyrian or shellfish purple served this purpose for millennia, but in the late 1800s synthetic analogs, in particular indigotin, quickly replaced natural sources. Halogenated versions of the dye were also created, and some like 5,5′-dibromoindigo were brought to market. Interestingly, these have not been significantly discussed in the literature, nor have they been found in forensic or technical art history investigations of textiles until now. This paper reports the first identification in a museum context of this unusual synthetic brominated analog of indigo, discovered on three twentieth century Japanese yukata. Analytical data collected on reference materials using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, UV–visible spectroscopy, Raman microspectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy are provided to assist with future identifications of this relatively unknown colorant. Density functional theory applied to 5,5′-dibromoindigo was used to confirm the experimental Raman spectrum.
Clinical, pathological and prognostic implications of USP22, SIRT1 and E-cadherin expression in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and adjacent non-neoplastic tissue
Authors: Harb Ola A. , Kaf Randa Mohamed , Taha Heba F. , Balata Safa A. , Hemeda Rehab , Yehia Ahmed Mohamed , Gertallah Loay M. , Embaby Ahmed
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) is described as a stem cell (CSC) marker which is involved in many biological processes, including cancer development, cellular growth and differentiation. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) controls a set of biologic processes that range from metabolic homeostasis to cancer. E-cadherin is a calcium-dependent intercellular adhesion molecule. Clinically, USP22, SIRT1 and E-cadherin have been studied to predict prognosis of a variety of cancers but the detailed roles of their expression in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and their relation to cancer invasion, metastases and recurrence are still not fully explained.

Aim of the study

To evaluate the expression of USP22, SIRT1 & E-cadherin in PTC tissues and adjacent non-neoplastic thyroid tissue and to correlate their expression with histopathology, clinical, pathological and prognostic parameters of PTC patients.

Methods

We have assessed USP22, SIRT1 & E-cadherin expression using immunohistochemistry in 40 cases with PTC in both malignant tissue and adjacent non-neoplastic tissue, analyzed the relationships between their levels of expression, clinic-pathological parameters, prognosis and survival of patients.

Results

High protein expression levels of both USP22, SIRT1 in addition to low E-cadherin expression in PTC were associated with larger tumors, extra-thyroidal extension, vascular invasion, lymphatic spread (p < 0.001), existence of distant metastases (p = 0.005 & 0.012 respectively), higher stage of the disease (p = 0.012 & 0.042 respectively) and worse five-years overall survival rates (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Patients having advanced PTC with unfavorable prognosis had high levels of both USP22, SIRT1 in addition to low E-cadherin expression.
Understanding cognitive impairment in mood disorders: mediation analyses in the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Cullen Breda , Smith Daniel J. , Deary Ian J. , Pell Jill P. , Keyes Katherine M. , Evans Jonathan J.
Published: August 2019

Background

Cognitive impairment is strongly linked with persistent disability in people with mood disorders, but the factors that explain cognitive impairment in this population are unclear.

Aims

To estimate the total effect of (a) bipolar disorder and (b) major depression on cognitive function, and the magnitude of the effect that is explained by potentially modifiable intermediate factors.

Method

Cross-sectional study using baseline data from the UK Biobank cohort. Participants were categorised as having bipolar disorder (n = 2709), major depression (n = 50 975) or no mood disorder (n = 102 931 and n = 105 284). The outcomes were computerised tests of reasoning, reaction time and memory. The potential mediators were cardiometabolic disease and psychotropic medication. Analyses were informed by graphical methods and controlled for confounding using regression, propensity score-based methods and G-computation.

Results

Group differences of small magnitude were found on a visuospatial memory test. Z-score differences for the bipolar disorder group were in the range −0.23 to −0.17 (95% CI −0.39 to −0.03) across different estimation methods, and for the major depression group they were approximately −0.07 (95% CI −0.10 to −0.03). One-quarter of the effect was mediated via psychotropic medication in the bipolar disorder group (−0.05; 95% CI −0.09 to −0.01). No evidence was found for mediation via cardiometabolic disease.

Conclusions

In a large community-based sample in middle to early old age, bipolar disorder and depression were associated with lower visuospatial memory performance, in part potentially due to psychotropic medication use. Mood disorders and their treatments will have increasing importance for population cognitive health as the proportion of older adults continues to grow.

Declaration of interest

I.J.D. is a UK Biobank participant. J.P.P. is a member of the UK Biobank Steering Committee.
Computed Tomography–Derived Radiomic Metrics Can Identify Responders to Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Himoto Yuki , Veeraraghavan Harini , Zheng Junting , Zamarin Dmitriy , Snyder Alexandra , Capanu Marinela , Nougaret Stephanie , Vargas Hebert A. , Shitano Fuki , Callahan Margaret , Wang Wei , Sala Evis , Lakhman Yulia
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE

To determine if radiomic measures of tumor heterogeneity derived from baseline contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) are associated with durable clinical benefit and time to off-treatment in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer (OC) enrolled in prospective immunotherapeutic trials.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This retrospective study included 75 patients with recurrent OC who were enrolled in prospective immunotherapeutic trials (n = 74) or treated off-label (n = 1) and had baseline CE-CT scans. Disease burden (total tumor volume, number of disease sites), radiomic measures of intertumor heterogeneity (cluster-site entropy, cluster-site dissimilarity), and intratumor heterogeneity of the largest lesion (Haralick texture features) were computed. Associations of clinical, conventional imaging, and radiomic measures with durable clinical benefit and time to off-treatment were examined.

RESULTS

In univariable analysis, fewer disease sites, lower intertumor heterogeneity (lower cluster-site entropy, lower cluster-site dissimilarity), and lower intratumor heterogeneity of the largest lesion (higher energy) were significantly associated with durable clinical benefit ( P ≤ .031). More disease sites, presence of pleural disease and/or distant metastases, higher intertumor heterogeneity (higher cluster-site entropy, higher cluster-site dissimilarity), and higher intratumor heterogeneity of the largest lesion (higher Contrastlargest-lesion) were significantly associated with shorter time to off-treatment ( P ≤ .034). In multivariable analysis, higher Energylargest-lesion(indicator of lower intratumor heterogeneity; P = .006; odds ratio, 1.41) and fewer disease sites ( P = .003; odds ratio, 1.64) remained significant indicators of durable clinical benefit (multivariable model C-index, 0.821). Higher cluster-site dissimilarity (indicator of higher intertumor heterogeneity) was a modest but single independent indicator of shorter time to off-treatment ( P = .004; hazard ratio, 1.19; C-index, 0.6).

CONCLUSION

Fewer disease sites and lower intra- and intertumor heterogeneity modeled from the baseline CE-CT may indicate better response of OC to immunotherapy.
What Was So New about the New Story? Modernist Realism in the Hindi Nayī Kahānī
Authors: Mani Preetha
Published: August 2019

This essay examines the Hindi Nayī Kahānī, or New Story, Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, which was influential for the short stories, criticism, and literary history that its writers produced. Incorporating a view toward the larger “metaliterary” corpus in relation to which properly “literary” nayī kahānī texts were written, the essay shows how the movement inaugurated a modernist realism characterized by attention to genre, rhetoric, and style on one hand, and commitment to social reality on the other. Combining rhetorical strategies—such as shifting narrative voice, allegorical descriptions of landscape, and implicit reference to authorship and the condition of postcolonial literary production—with structural and thematic tensions between form and content, this mode developed an interchangeability between author, reader, and character, which did not previously exist in Hindi literature and which reconfigured the category of the middle class in the universally recognizable terms of alienation. Using the case of the nayī kahānī, the essay offers a new literary historical approach that moves beyond sweeping accounts of a single postcolonial mode to attend to regional realisms and modernisms.
Seuss and the Swerve of Singularity
Authors: Peterson Christopher
Published: August 2019

This article explores the unstable distinction between “who” and “what” in Seuss’s Horton Hears a Who! The story’s moral that “a person’s a person no matter how small” has often been read as atoning for the racist cartoons that Geisel drew of the Japanese during World War II. Seussian pedagogy teaches us to hear all persons as whos rather than whats or things. Yet this essay argues that all persons are also things. While this thingliness remains unequally distributed thanks to persistent sociopolitical hierarchies, it also calls on us to think about ethics and politics differently. Diverging from the person/who equation, Jacques Derrida conceives the who as an absolute singularity that resists its subjection to the what, and by extension, its reduction to particularity and identity. Expanding beyond Horton’s racial context, the final section of the essay considers how the contemporary “Black Lives Matter” movement reckons with the problem of particularity and identity while also gesturing toward an incalculable singularity—infinitely deferred yet always “present.”
Wingless promotes EGFR signaling in follicle stem cells to maintain self-renewal
Authors: Kim-Yip Rebecca P. , Nystul Todd G.
Published: August 2019

Adult stem cell niche boundaries must be precisely maintained to facilitate the segregation of stem cell and daughter cell fates. However, the mechanisms that govern this process in epithelial tissues are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the relationship between two signals, Wnt and EGFR, that are necessary for self-renewal of the epithelial follicle stem cells (FSCs) in the Drosophila ovary, but must be downregulated in cells that have exited the niche to allow for differentiation. We found that Wingless produced by inner germarial sheath (IGS) cells acts over a short distance to activate Wnt signaling in FSCs, and that movement across the FSC niche boundary is limited. In addition, we show that Wnt signaling functions genetically upstream of EGFR signaling by activating the expression of the EGFR ligand, Spitz, and that constitutive activation of EGFR partially rescues the self-renewal defect caused by loss of Wnt signaling. Collectively, our findings support a model in which the Wnt and EGFR pathways operate in a signaling hierarchy to promote FSC self-renewal.
MEIS transcription factors in development and disease
Authors: Schulte Dorothea , Geerts Dirk
Published: August 2019

MEIS transcription factors are key regulators of embryonic development and cancer. Research on MEIS genes in the embryo and in stem cell systems has revealed novel and surprising mechanisms by which these proteins control gene expression. This Primer summarizes recent findings about MEIS protein activity and regulation in development, and discusses new insights into the role of MEIS genes in disease, focusing on the pathogenesis of solid cancers.
Intramembrane proteolysis at a glance: from signalling to protein degradation
Authors: Kühnle Nathalie , Dederer Verena , Lemberg Marius K.
Published: August 2019

Over the last two decades, a group of unusual proteases, so-called intramembrane proteases, have become increasingly recognized for their unique ability to cleave peptide bonds within cellular membranes. They are found in all kingdoms of life and fulfil versatile functions ranging from protein maturation, to activation of signalling molecules, to protein degradation. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we focus on intramembrane proteases in mammalian cells. By comparing intramembrane proteases in different cellular organelles, we set out to review their functions within the context of the roles of individual cellular compartments. Additionally, we exemplify their mode of action in relation to known substrates by distinguishing cleavage events that promote degradation of substrate from those that release active domains from the membrane bilayer.
Ubiquitin recognition in endocytic trafficking – with or without ESCRT-0
Authors: Mosesso Niccolò , Nagel Marie-Kristin , Isono Erika
Published: August 2019

The ability to sense and adapt to the constantly changing environment is important for all organisms. Cell surface receptors and transporters are key for the fast response to extracellular stimuli and, thus, their abundance on the plasma membrane has to be strictly controlled. Heteromeric endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) are responsible for mediating the post-translational degradation of endocytosed plasma membrane proteins in eukaryotes and are essential both in animals and plants. ESCRTs bind and sort ubiquitylated cargoes for vacuolar degradation. Although many components that comprise the multi-subunit ESCRT-0, ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II and ESCRT-III complexes are conserved in eukaryotes, plant and animal ESCRTs have diverged during the course of evolution. Homologues of ESCRT-0, which recognises ubiquitylated cargo, have emerged in metazoan and fungi but are not found in plants. Instead, the Arabidopsis genome encodes plant-specific ubiquitin adaptors and a greater number of target of Myb protein 1 (TOM1) homologues than in mammals. In this Review, we summarise and discuss recent findings on ubiquitin-binding proteins in Arabidopsis that could have equivalent functions to ESCRT-0. We further hypothesise that SH3 domain-containing proteins might serve as membrane curvature-sensing endophilin and amphiphysin homologues during plant endocytosis.
A Mobile Application for Exercise Intervention in People Living with HIV
Authors: BONATO MATTEO , TURRINI FILIPPO , DE ZAN VALENTINA , MELONI ANDREA , PLEBANI MARTA , BRAMBILLA ELENA , GIORDANI ALESSANDRA , VITOBELLO CHIARA , CACCIA ROBERTA , PIACENTINI MARIA FRANCESCA , LA TORRE ANTONIO , LAZZARIN ADRIANO , MERATI GIAMPIERO , GALLI LAURA , CINQUE PAOLA
Published: August 2019

Purpose

This study aimed to assess 16-wk improvements of physical fitness, metabolic, and psychological parameters in people living with HIV (PLWH) exercising with the support of a smartphone application, as compared with a control group exercising without application.

Methods

This was a randomized, open-label, pilot study enrolling PLWH in a 16-wk protocol consisting of moderate physical activity three times per week, which included an initial coach-supervised period of 4 wk, followed by 12 wk where participants trained independently. Participants were allocated to either an experimental group that trained using a smartphone application (APP) or a control group that practiced following a hard copy training program (No-APP). At baseline (BL) and after 16 wk (W16), patients were assessed for cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, blood lipid profile, and POMS.

Results

Forty-eight PLWH were screened and 38 were eligible: 20 were allocated to the APP group and 18 to the No-APP group. Two APP and two No-APP participants were lost to follow-up. Intention-to-treat analysis showed a W16 improvement from BL of ≥15% V˙ O2peak in 13 (72%) of 18 in APP, but only in 3 (19%) of 16 in No-APP participants (P = 0.025). Significant W16 improvements were observed in APP, but not in No-APP participants, in V˙O2peak; fat mass and fat-free mass percent; total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides; vigor; and total mood by POMS. Accordingly, significant percent change differences between the APP and the No-APP groups were observed in V˙O2peak; fat and fat-free mass percent; total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides; and depression, vigor, anger, and total mood by POMS.

Conclusions

Exercising using a smartphone application improved cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, cholesterol profiles, and psychological outcomes in PLWH.
Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of haloperidol plus promethazine plus chlorpromazine versus haloperidol plus promethazine for rapid tranquilisation for agitated psychiatric patients in the emergency setting (TREC-Lebanon)
Authors: Dib Joseph E. , Adams Clive E. , Ikdais Werner Henry , Atallah Elie , Yaacoub Hiba Edward , Merheb Tony Jean , Kazour Francois , Tahan Fouad , Haddad Georges , Zoghbi Marouan , Azar Jocelyn , Haddad Chadia , Hallit Souheil
Published: August 2019

Background: Agitated and aggressive behaviours are common in the psychiatric setting and rapid tranquilisation is sometimes unavoidable. A survey of Lebanese practice has shown that an intramuscular haloperidol, promethazine and chlorpromazine combination is a preferred form of treatment but there are no randomised trials of this triple therapy.

Methods: This is a pragmatic randomised trial. Setting - the psychiatric wards of the Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon. Participants - any adult patient in the hospital who displays an aggressive episode for whom rapid tranquilisation is unavoidable, who has not been randomised before, for whom there are no known contraindications. Randomisation – stratified (by ward) randomisation and concealed in closed opaque envelope by independent parties. Procedure – if the clinical situation arises requiring rapid tranquilisation, medical residents overseeing the patient will open a TREC-Lebanon envelope in which will be notification of which group of treatments should be preferred [Haloperidol + Promethazine + Chlorpromazine (HPC) or Haloperidol + Promethazine (HP)], along with forms for primary, secondary and serious adverse effects. Treatment is not given blindly. Outcome - primary outcome is calm or tranquil at 20 minutes post intervention. Secondary outcomes are calm/tranquil at 40, 60 and 120 minutes post intervention, asleep, adverse effects, use of straitjacket and leaving the ward. Follow-up will be up to two weeks post randomisation.

Discussion: Findings from this study will compare the HPC versus HP combination used in Lebanon’s psychiatry emergency routine practice.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03639558. Registration date, August 21, 2018.
Characterizing Conflicting User Values for Cyber Authentication Using a Virtual Public Values Forum
Authors: Kusumastuti Sarah , Rosoff Heather , John Richard S.
Published: August 2019

Authentication is a major component in protecting the security of online user services. An effective implementation of security policies requires compliance from users, who are one class of key stakeholders in the cybersecurity policy decision problem. We examine this multiple stakeholder decision problem by conducting a virtual public values forum, a policy decision structuring methodology to characterize stakeholder values by eliciting essential trade‐offs among conflicting objectives. We assess trade‐offs for a sample of users to explore heterogeneity in user values and the relationship of trade‐offs to both individual user characteristics and online context. We obtained responses from 265 online service users and elicited their trade‐offs among three conflicting objectives related to authentication security: (1) maximizing security, (2) maximizing convenience, and (3) minimizing cost. Using an additive multiattribute value model with four attributes, we obtained scaling coefficients that denote the relative valuation of each attribute to the decision maker and discovered that for the attribute ranges considered, security followed by cost receive the highest priority; however, there is a group of respondents who consider convenience to have higher valuation than either cost or security. We also explore the relationships between user characteristics (self-efficacy, response efficacy, response cost, and perceived severity) and the calculated scaling coefficients.
Improving Accuracy by Coherence Weighting of Direct and Ratio Probability Judgments
Authors: Fan Yuyu , Budescu David V. , Mandel David , Himmelstein Mark
Published: August 2019

Human forecasts and other probabilistic judgments can be improved by elicitation and aggregation methods. Recent work on elicitation shows that deriving probability estimates from relative judgments (the ratio method) is advantageous, whereas other recent work on aggregation shows that it is beneficial to transform probabilities into coherent sets (coherentization) and to weight judges' assessments by their degree of coherence. We report an experiment that links these areas by examining the effect of coherentization and multiple forms of coherence weighting using direct and ratio elicitation methods on accuracy of probability judgments (both forecasts and events with known distributions). We found that coherentization invariably yields improvements to accuracy. Moreover, judges' levels of probabilistic coherence are related to their judgment accuracy. Therefore, coherence weighting can improve judgment accuracy, but the strength of the effect varies among elicitation and weighting methods. As well, the benefit of coherence weighting is stronger on “calibration” items that served as a basis for establishing the weights than for unrelated “test” items. Finally, echoing earlier research, we found overconfidence in judgment, and the degree of overconfidence was comparable between the two elicitation methods.
Product Adaptation During New Industry Emergence: The Role of Start-Up Team Preentry Experience
Authors: Furr Nathan R.
Published: August 2019

Although prior literature argues that product adaption is critical to survival in new or dynamic industries, we have very limited information about the antecedents to product adaptation. This paper focuses on start-up top management teams (TMTs) and explores the impact of different types of preentry experience—preentry experience breadth, depth, and type (entrepreneurial and business experience)—on the likelihood that start-ups adapt their products. The hypotheses are tested among the population of U.S. solar photovoltaic start-ups during a period of industry emergence from 1992 to 2007. The analysis suggests that preentry experience breadth and experience in other dynamic settings (entrepreneurial) increases the ability of start-up TMTs to learn quickly about their environment, thereby increasing the likelihood of product adaptation. By contrast, deep preentry experience in the industry, although valuable in many other ways, can lead to narrow learning that decreases the likelihood of adaptation. These results underscore the importance of preentry experience to product adaptation. The results also underscore the role and patterns of product adaptation in firm, industry, and technology evolution.
O ALCANCE DA COLABORAÇÃO NO DEVER DE FUNDAMENTAÇÃO DAS DECISÕES JUDICIAIS – ANÁLISE DO ART. 489, § 1º, IV, DO CPC/2015
Authors: Klein Cidiclei Veiga , Oliveira Francisco Cardozo
Published: August 2019

Pretende-se estabelecer, primeiramente, um esboço do desdobramento histórico do processo civil, com base na perspectiva da Escola de Processo Civil de São Paulo, abordando brevemente as fases sincretista, conceitualista e instrumentalista. Em seguida, ingressa-se no estudo da colaboração, visualizada como modelo de processo e também como princípio orientador. Por fim, procura-se estabelecer algumas premissas acerca do alcance do dever de fundamentação das decisões judiciais, para então relacionar o seu adequado cumprimento, sobretudo com base no disposto pelo art. 489, § 1º, IV, do CPC/2015, à prévia observância da colaboração.
O SUPERIOR TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA E A REPERCUSSÃO GERAL NO RECURSO ESPECIAL
Authors: Pereira Carlos Frederico Bastos
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo defende a implementação de um filtro recursal para franquear o acesso ao Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Somente recursos especiais que veiculem questões infraconstitucionais dotadas de relevância e transcendência poderão ser admitidos. O Superior Tribunal de Justiça, como Corte Suprema responsável pela unidade da interpretação da lei infraconstitucional, deve julgar somente casos importantes para o desenvolvimento da ordem jurídica. É preciso harmonizar os requisitos exigidos para apreciar questões federais infraconstitucionais e constitucionais, aprendendo com os sucessos e fracassos da repercussão geral.
A BANALIZAÇÃO DOS PRINCÍPIOS DA RAZOABILIDADE E DA PROPORCIONALIDADE NO CONTROLE DIFUSO DE CONSTITUCIONALIDADE E SEPARAÇÃO DE PODERES
Authors: Nunes Danilo Henrique , Silveira Sebastião Sérgio , Silva Fernanda Morato
Published: August 2019

Em âmbito nacional, a utilização dos princípios e regras correlacionadas à proporcionalidade e à razoabilidade vem levantando uma série de controvérsias e embates jurídicos. É observada na jurisprudência brasileira uma ampla banalização dos mesmos, que são recorridos de modo demasiado e na maior parte dos casos sendo aplicados como sinônimos, o que não é permitido pela estrutura, metodologia e origem tanto da proporcionalidade quanto da razoabilidade. O presente estudo busca aprofundar as consequências de tal banalização no âmbito da aplicação de tais princípios no contexto jurídico atual, sobretudo no âmbito do controle difuso de constitucionalidade e no respeito ao princípio da separação de poderes, elementos que assim como os princípios da proporcionalidade e razoabilidade, sustentam e orientam o funcionamento do Estado Democrático de Direito a partir do pleno respeito e observância às normas e princípios constitucionais. O estudo em questão parte de premissas envolvendo os princípios jurídicos em caráter geral, bem como os princípios de estudo específico e o controle difuso de constitucionalidade e a separação de poderes, passando de questões gerais para a questão específica, aprofundando como a banalização de tais princípios promove impactos na desobediência ao princípio constitucional da separação de poderes e consequentemente no controle difuso de constitucionalidade.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA MEDIAÇÃO PARA O ACESSO À JUSTIÇA: UMA ANÁLISE À LUZ DO CPC/2015
Authors: Medeiros Neto Elias Marques de , Nunes Juliana Raquel
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo traçar algumas reflexões acerca da relevância da mediação como instrumento de acesso à justiça, sob a perspectiva do CPC 2015. Utilizando-se do modelo dedutivo, o estudo justifica-se diante da necessidade de as normas processuais atenderem a perspectiva dos direitos fundamentais. Constata-se, com a pesquisa, a aptidão do instituto da mediação para o deslinde dos conflitos, especialmente pelo fato de proporcionar às partes, com auxílio de uma terceira pessoa neutra e imparcial, um ambiente de cooperação, com a possibilidade de refletirem, restabelecerem o diálogo e construírem uma solução conjunta para o problema vivenciado
UNS MAIS IGUAIS QUE OS OUTROS: EM BUSCA DA IGUALDADE (MATERIAL) DE GÊNERO NO PROCESSO CIVIL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Hill Flávia Pereira
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo tem por escopo analisar os fatores de disparidade que acometem as mulheres enquanto partes do processo civil, acarretando a vulneração da garantia de isonomia material entre mulheres e homens. São examinados os tratados internacionais sobre o tema, a experiência da União Europeia e da Espanha, em especial. A seguir, são analisadas hipóteses concretas de disparidade, organizadas em quatro categorias, a saber: (i) Mediação e conciliação; (ii) Direito Probatório; (iii) Fixação de astreintes; (iv) Prazos e atos processuais. Em cada qual das categorias, são oferecidas opções de soluções aptas a contornar os óbices enfrentados pela mulher, de modo a contribuir para a promoção da isonomia material de gênero no Processo Civil Brasileiro.
DOUTRINA BRASILEIRA E A ORDEM PÚBLICA PROCESSUAL, ESSA DESCONHECIDA
Authors: Rocha Marcio Oliveira
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo tem o escopo de contrapor estudos específicos sobre o tema, os quais vêm direcionando à compreensão da ordem pública no âmbito do processo civil brasileiro. Outrossim, provocar um diálogo para que possamos estabelecer uma releitura contemporânea do termo e fomentar sua discussão. Para isso, buscamos analisar três teses desenvolvidas em programas de doutoramento, passando a imprimir uma metodologia dialética e qualitativa, com fins propositivos
FORMULASI DAN UJI STABILITAS FISIK SEDIAAN TABLET EKSTRAK BUAH PARE (Momordica charantia L.) SECARA GRANULASI BASAH
Authors: Fadhilah Ira Nur , Saryanti Dwi
Published: August 2019

Bitter melon fruit is one type of medicinal plant used by the community. Charantin is one of the efficacious compounds contained in bitter melon fruit and can be used to reduce glucose levels in the blood. Tablets have advantage that are easy to consume and exactly the size, so in this study bitter melon is made from tablet preparations. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of gelatin binder which can produce tablets of bitter fruit extract (Momordica charantia L.) with good physical quality, and to determine the effect of gelatin as a binder on the physical stability test of bitter melon extract tablets (Momordica charantia L.) making bitter melon extract tablets is by wet granulation method, because the active ingredient of bitter melon fruit is not resistant to warming above 600C. Formulation tablets of bitter melon extract (Momordica charantia L.) with gelatin binder at a concentration of 5%, 7.5%, 10% able to produce tablets that meet the requirements of tablet physical examination for 28 days. Gelatin binding concentration has an effect on the physical properties of tablets, the best concentration of gelatin binder is formula III with 10% gelatin concentration. The higher the concentration of the binding material, the higher the hardness, and fragility decreases.
Keywords: Bitter Melon Extract (Momordica charantia L.), Gelatin binder, Wet Granulation.
Beyond the mat: Interpreting eroticism in the over-the-top aesthetics of professional wrestling
Authors: Khan Ali
Published: August 2019

‘Sports figures embody the ability to overcome poverty, the desire to never give up, and some of the highest physical and mental potential of the human species’. Wrestling, while mimicking the style of true sport contest simultaneously undermines it by making a parody of it.
Intestinal and hepatic coccidiosis among rabbits in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Hamid Penny Humaidah , Prastowo Sigit , Kristianingrum Yuli Purwandari
Published: August 2019

Background and Aim: The attention to rabbit meat production in Indonesia is comparatively less to other farm animals such as cattle and poultry industries. However, future prospect of rabbit to be seriously industrialized seemed quite promising due to rabbit is highly productive and has short reproduction cycle as well as generation interval. One of the diseases infecting many rabbits is coccidiosis caused by protozoan parasite, Eimeria spp. The infectious stage of Eimeria spp. presents ubiquitously in the environment and increases the risk of parasite transmission. Preventive methods such as vaccination are not yet fully developed, while sporadic treatment is not efficiently reduce the cases. In this study, Eimeria spp. infecting rabbits in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia, were investigated with the aim for precise diagnosis to determine targeted treatment and as a baseline epidemiological data from rabbit in Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: Sample collection was performed randomly for 3 months, from March 2017 to May 2017 and covered areas in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A total of 750 samples were collected. Eimeria species identification was determined morphologically from the samples after sporulation in 2.5% potassium dichromate by COCCIMORPH.

Results: Ten species of Eimeria spp. were identified in this study from the positive samples (527/750; 70.3%). Eimeria flavescens was present in 80% of the positive samples, Eimeria coeciola in 78%, Eimeria perforans in 61%, Eimeria exigua in 37%, Eimeria media in 33%, Eimeria stiedae in 31%, Eimeria irresidua in 12%, Eimeria magna in 11%, Eimeria intestinalis in 10%, and Eimeria piriformis in 10%. Coinfection as noted in 80% of the positive samples with 2-6 species in a specimen. E. flavescens and E. coeciola were the most prevalent among all Eimeria spp. (p=0.0001).

Conclusion: Eimeria spp. is detected in high prevalence among rabbit in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, with commonly occurs in mixed infections. In this paper, we describe Eimeria spp. that are circulating in Indonesia and present it as updated information to farmers and veterinarians. To the best of our knowledge, we provided the first information about rabbit coccidiosis in Indonesia.

Keywords: coccidiosis, Indonesia, rabbit.
Transhiatal Herniation as the Cause of Acute Pancreatitis After Toupet Fundoplication
Authors: Zackria Rasiq , Popa Alina
Published: August 2019

Hiatal translocation of the pancreas is rare because of its retroperitoneal location. Acute pancreatitis as a complication of hiatal hernia is uncommon. A 33-year-old man presented for 2 days of worsening epigastric abdominal pain and substernal chest pain. Laboratory studies were essentially unremarkable; however, computed tomography demonstrated a large right-sided hiatal hernia containing the entire stomach and the body of the pancreas, with peripancreatic edema consistent with pancreatitis. Most cases can be managed conservatively; however, elective surgical repair is suggested in severe cases or patients with low surgical risk.
Liquid biopsy of cerebrospinal fluid identifies neuronal pentraxin receptor (NPTXR) as a biomarker of progression of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Lim Bryant , Tsolaki Magda , Soosaipillai Antoninus , Brown Marshall , Zilakaki Maria , Tagaraki Fani , Fotiou Dimitrios , Koutsouraki Effrosyni , Grosi Effrosyni , Prassas Ioannis , Diamandis Eleftherios P.
Published: August 2019

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. Currently, the most studied biomarkers of AD are cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid β 1-42, total tau and phosphorylated tau. However, misdiagnosis can exceed 20%. Recently, we found that CSF amyloid β precursor-like protein-1 (APLP1) and neuronal pentraxin receptor (NPTXR) are promising biomarkers of AD. The aim of the present study is to validate CSF APLP1 and NPTXR as biomarkers of AD severity.

Methods

APLP1 and NPTXR concentrations were measured in the CSF of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 14), mild AD (n = 21), moderate AD (n = 43) and severe AD (n = 30) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).

Results

CSF APLP1 and NPTXR were not associated with age or sex. CSF APLP1 was not different between any of the AD severity groups (p = 0.31). CSF NPTXR was significantly different between MCI and mild AD (p = 0.006), mild and moderate AD (p = 0.016), but not between moderate and severe AD (p = 0.36). NPTXR concentration progressively declined from MCI to mild, to moderate and to severe AD patients (p < 0.0001, Kruskal-Wallis test). CSF NPTXR positively correlated with the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

NPTXR concentration in CSF is a promising biomarker of AD severity and could inform treatment success and disease progression in clinical settings.
Babylon Berlin: Pastiching Weimar cinema
Authors: Hall Sara F.
Published: August 2019

Centered on Richard Dyer’s model of pastiche, this essay posits that the German television series Babylon Berlin engages in a unique and timely practice of cultural reproduction shaped by a specific combination of historical subject matter and the present media-historical moment. Through digital effects, narrational layering, and multivalent location choices, Babylon Berlin pastiches Weimar cinema, and self-consciously invites comparisons between the so-called golden age of German cinema and the present. It activates cinephilic recall, establishes an intermedial dialogue between analog and digital forms, and affectively engenders a historically oriented conversation about the fragility of modern democracy in the Brexit/Trump era. The cultural work of pastiche it performs warrants the series’ inclusion in the conversation around the European remake.