bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How It All Begins: Molecular Players of the Early Graviresponse in the Non-elongating Part of Flax Stem
Authors: Gorshkova Tatyana , Gorshkov Oleg , Mokshina Natalia
Published: October 2024

Plants have developed two major approaches to adjust their position in accordance with the direction of the gravity vector: differential cell growth at the opposing sides of elongating regions and complex processes in non-elongating stem parts, like reaction wood development. Gravistimulation of flax plants induces the formation of gravitropic curvature in non-elongating stem parts, largely associated with modifications in phloem and xylem fibers. To gain knowledge about key “triggers” and “forward players” that induce negative gravitropic reactions, transcriptome profiling of the phloem fibers and xylem tissues from pulling and opposite stem sides 1 and 8 hours after gravistimulation was carried out. As the first reaction, activation of the processes associated with RNA synthesis and protein folding in both tissues and both stem sides was detected; later, activation of kinases and transferases occurred. Among the major induced changes, transcriptomic data indicate rapid and substantial shifts in chloroplast metabolism in all analyzed tissues, including temporal activation of the branched-chain amino-acid pathway, adjustment of light-harvesting complexes, and jasmonic acid biosynthesis. Auxin transporter genes were activated only in the xylem, whereas other auxin-related genes were barely upregulated 1 hour after stem inclination in any analyzed sample. The asymmetric changes between stem sides included the sharp activation of ethylene-related genes in the phloem fibers of the opposite stem side, as well as tertiary cell wall deposition in both the phloem and xylem fibers of the pulling stem side during later stages of graviresponse. The obtained results provide informative insights into the graviresponse mechanisms.
Mental Distress in English Posts from r/AITA Subreddit Community with Language Models
Authors: Guan Qinghao
Published: October 2024

Mental distress emerged as a significant area of concern. However, previous research predominantly concentrated on the detection and classification of mental issues, with limited attention given to comprehensive investigations of the interrelationships and contextual events associated with these issues. This research delves into the exploration of mental distress derived from user-generated content on the r/AmItheAsshole subreddit. The experimental data contains 1,888,423 words of 5051 English posts. Through the utilization of NLP techniques, including emotion classification, topic modeling, and semantic role labeling, the study revealed a significant prevalence of negative emotions (94%) such as sadness, anger, and fear in the analyzed content. A correlation between heightened intimacy and an increased occurrence of disagreements was discerned. Furthermore, a combined BERTopic and narrative analysis shed light on the trivial origins of these conflicts. As online communities become increasingly instrumental in people’s daily lives, this paper emphasizes their potential in providing invaluable insights to psychologists and sociologists, thereby enabling the formulation of effective strategies and interventions. We recommend educational endeavors to nurture empathy and promote effective communication.
Landslide Development Characteristics and Risk Zoning along the Dir Road in North Pakistan
Authors: Rauf Muhammad , khan Sulaiman , Zhao Xiaoyan , Qaisar Saddam
Published: October 2024

Landslides are one of nature's most lethal disasters. They are defined as the movement of earth down a slope, a rockslide, a rockfall, or a debris flow. Landslides are far more dangerous than most people realize. Landslides occur for a variety of reasons, including environmental factors such as rock decay over time, rainfall, and flash floods, which can cause rockfalls and debris flow, or constructions along slope banks, which can weaken the slope and allow an earth mass (a combination of mud and rock) to slide downhill or natural phenomena such as earthquakes. Landslides destroy infrastructure, homes, businesses, croplands, highways, and commuter roads every year, resulting in thousands of fatalities and injuries and significant economic losses (both directly and indirectly). Landslides play an essential role in the evolution of landforms and pose a severe threat in many regions of the world. In some places, landslides cause more deaths and economic damage than other natural disasters, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and floods. Due to the wide range of landslide phenomena, no single method exists to identify and map landslides, establish landslide hazards, or evaluate the associated risk factors. landslides, NE to landslides, and identifying risk zones and analyzing the dynamics of landslide development is critical for reducing the risk to human life and infrastructure.
Predictive Modeling of Detoxification Processes for Highly Toxic Organophosphorus Agents Using Interpretable Molecular Parameters
Authors: Keshavarz Mohammad Hossein , Monfared Azar Amraei
Published: October 2024

Highly toxic chemical warfare agents (CWSAs) based on organophosphorus compounds can be detoxified through hydrolysis. A new model has been introduced to predict the reaction barriers in the alkaline hydrolysis of G-series agents, focusing on their molecular structure. This model was developed using the largest dataset of reaction barriers (ΔGTS) for 122 organophosphate compounds. It outperforms existing complex quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models, showing lower root mean squared errors (RMSE) across training, testing, and validation datasets. The new model's RMSE values are 4.74, 1.92, and 3.03, respectively, compared to the complex QSAR model's 8.00, 4.36, and 11.38. Additionally, it effectively covers 56 organophosphorus chemicals without measured ΔGTS data, making it a robust tool for identifying improved simulants and examining structural factors affecting organophosphate reaction energetics.
WITHDRAWN: Pilot Testing and Histomorphometric Evaluation of a Novel Mini Implant System(n)
Authors: Dave harsh
Published: October 2024

The design of a mini-implant is a key element affecting the implant's initial stability, ability to sustain load and achieve successful osseointegration. This study aims to present the findings of pilot testing of a novel mini-implant technology (‘n’).
The novel mini-implant (‘n’) is made of titanium grade V, having a trapezoidal thread pattern and a transverse hole of 0.8 mm diameter. This novel mini-implant (‘n’) was inserted in a test group of 3 male New Zealand white rabbits. A control group of 3 male New Zealand white rabbits was inserted with a similar number of control mini-implants. One animal in the test group additionally received a bone-inducing graft (DFDBA GRAFT) in the transverse means. The animals were sacrificed after 42 days and bone tissues were fixed. The histomorphometric findings were evaluated using BIC, BAFO, and cortical bone thickness.
There was no mortality among the studied animals. Mean BIC% and BAFO (%) were 7.88% (95% CI: 5.10% - 10.66%) and 10.33% (95% CI: 5.86%-14.81%) higher among test animals. The woven bone formation was found to be higher among the test group as compared to the control group at 1mm, 1 – 2mm, and 3 – 4mm distance from the implant site. Higher BIC and BAFO were observed in the animals that received the bone-inducing graft.
This study proposes a novel design of mini-implant (‘n’) which is found to be safe in this pre-clinical trial and has the potential to achieve higher primary and secondary stability.
Adaptive Calibration of Gafchromic EBT3 Films Using Generalized Additive Neural Networks
Authors: Chen Pang-Yu , Chang Liyun , Yeh Shyh-An , Kang Chen-Lin , Su Chun-Ting , Lee Tsair-Fwu
Published: October 2024

In radiation therapy, achieving precise dose distribution is crucial to minimize damage to normal tissues. Gafchromic EBT3 film is commonly used for quality assurance of 2D dosimetry but requires frequent recalibrations due to changes in sensitivity over time. This study introduces a new calibration method using a Keras generalized additive neural network (GANN) to address film aging. EBT3 films from four lots were calibrated using a 6 MV photon beam and scanned with Epson scanners. The GANN method showed percentage differences between calibrated and delivered doses within 5%, comparable to traditional recalibration methods. It demonstrated better stability and accuracy, significantly reducing the need for frequent recalibrations and offering a robust solution for long-term film dosimetry.
Study of the Hydrogeochemical Processes and its impact on the quality of groundwater in the Area between Abu Simbil and Tushka, Western Desert, Egypt
Authors: Mohallel Saad A.
Published: October 2024

The study area is located in a hyper arid area in the Western Egyptian Desert which represents a massive agricultural project where irrigation water is extracted from the Nubian sandstone aquifer. This study focuses on the hydrogeochemical processes and its impact on the quality of the groundwater aquifer. Based on the geomorphology; the study area includes five geomorphological units, Wadi Kurkur bediplain, Aswan High Dam Lake, The Nile Valley, West Dungul plain and basement outcrops. According to the geology; the study area is distinguished by sedimentary cover ranging in age from Upper Jurassic to Quaternary. Regarding the hydrogeology of the study area; the Nubian sandstone aquifer is the main aquifer in the study area where it is represented by 24 groundwater samples plus one sample from the stem of the Lake Nasser. All samples were collected, analyzed and interpreted. Groundwater salinity classification shows that all the groundwater samples are fresh water type except one sample considered brackish water type. The pH values of the selected groundwater samples vary from 5.8 in the center to 7.6 in the Northern side with median value of 7.3. The groundwater's temperature ranges from 26.2 to 38.4 C. The relationship between salinity content and the other ions show a strong correlation between the values of Ca2+, Cl− and SO42− with the TDS values and a moderate correlation between Na+ values with TDS values. Silicate and carbonate weathering are the main hydrochemical processes affecting the groundwater. From the saturation indices (SI) results it is indicated that Gypsum, Anhydrite and Manganite dissolve with negative SI values, whereas iron minerals are supersaturated with positive values. From the hypothetical salts, it is indicated that the Nubian sandstone groundwater in the study area is highly evolved as it's enriched with terrestrial and marine residuals. From the Mixing Model, it is indicated that the Nubian sandstone aquifer has paleowater contribution percent ranging from 81 to 92% and Lake Nasser water contribution percent ranging from 7 to 18%. The Nitrate concentrations are below the maximum allowable limits of the WHO, however high concentrations of heavy metals were recorded in the groundwater samples at various extents.
Dynamic Transcriptomics Unveils Parallel Transcriptional Regulation in Artemisinin and Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis Pathways under Cold Stress in Artemisia annua
Authors: He Yunxiao , You Jian , Zhang Wenjing , Zhao Wei , Zuo Xianghua , Li Jiangnan , Xing Ming , Zhang Yujiao , Chen Xia
Published: October 2024

Cold stress, a major abiotic factor, positively modulates the synthesis of artemisinin in Artemisia annua (A. annua) and influences the biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites. To elucidate the flux changes in the synthesis of secondary metabolites under low-temperature conditions, we conducted dynamic transcriptomic and metabolite quantification analyses of A. annua leaves. The accumulation of total organic carbon (TOC) in leaves under cold stress provided ample precursors for secondary metabolite synthesis. Short-term exposure to low temperature induced a transient increase in jasmonic acid synthesis, which positively regulates the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway, contributing to artemisinin accumulation. Additionally, transcripts of genes encoding key enzymes and transcription factors in both the phenylpropanoid and artemisinin biosynthetic pathways, including PAL, F3'H, ADS, and DBR2, exhibited similar expression patterns, suggesting a synergistic effect between these pathways. Prolonged exposure to low temperature sustained high levels of phenylpropanoid synthesis, leading to significant increases in lignin, flavonoids, and anthocyanin. Conversely, the final stage of the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway is inhibited under these conditions, resulting in elevated levels of dihydroartemisininic acid and artemisininic acid. Collectively, our study provides insights into the parallel transcriptional regulation and metabolic flux of artemisinin and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways in A. annua under cold stress.
A Study on The Sustainable Development of the Yunnan Tea Industry under The Pressure of China’s Tea Inventory
Authors: Fu Chengxiu , Mao Zhaoqing , Zhang Qing , Xu Shengtao , Yang Jida , Liu Shufang , Yuan Yuan
Published: October 2024

Yunnan Province is the important tea-producing area in China and the world, and the tea industry is an important part of Yunnan’s agricultural economy. In the face of domestic tea inventory pressure, it is very important to study the sustainable development of the Yunnan tea industry. This study clarifies the current situation of tea supply and consumption in China; investigates the tea garden area, tea production, and tea export volume in China and Yunnan Province; analyzes the data of domestic primary tea and finished tea production, consumption, and inventory from 2018 to 2023; and highlights the problems of inventory pressure and structural imbalance in the product supply side of China's tea industry. On this basis, it is proposed that the development of the ecological tea industry and the utilization of diversified tea resources are paths to sustainable development of the tea industry in Yunnan Province. These ideas are proposed in four aspects: the construction of ecological tea gardens, the development of a technology system for an ecological tea industry, staying up to date with the new tea consumption market, and expanding the production of functional terminal tea goods.
Emergence of Choanephora Blight in Okra in Eastern India, Disease Severity, Etiology, and Fungicidal Management
Authors: Barik Udayendu , Ganesan Sangeetha , Sarkar Subrata , Sahu Supriya , Ponnam Naresh
Published: October 2024

Okra is an important vegetable crop extensively cultivated in India. During the months of July-October 2019 occurrence of Choanephora blossom blight has been documented first time at the research farm of IIHR-Central Horticultural Experimental Station, Bhubaneswar, as well as from farmers' fields and research plots of Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha located in Eastern India. Subsequent survey to six major okra growing districts of Odisha revealed the incidence of up to 35.0 percent. Hence efforts were made to study the detailed symptomatology, and etiological factors. Choanephora cucrbitarum was identified as the causal agent based on morphological characteristics, molecular characterization as well as pathogenicity assay. In-vitro bio-efficacy of fungicides demonstrated the effectiveness of triazole group of fungicide against the test pathogen offering promising prospects for disease management in okra cultivation.
microRNA-762 regulate vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch through targeting STAT3 in aortic dissection
Authors: Liu Qing , Xu Jinyu , Zheng Dongdong , Su Yale , He Tianqi , Wang Weitie
Published: October 2024

Background
this study aimed to evaluate the effect of microRNA-762/stat3 axis on VSMCs phenotypic switch in aortic dissection (AD).
Method
targetscan and miRDB bio-informatics analysis were used to verify the potential binding sites between microRNA-762 and stat3. qRT-PCR and western blot confirmed different expression of microRNA-762, stat3 and phenotypic switch markers such as SM22α, calponin, SMA and MYH11 between aortic dissection and normal aortic tissues. CCK8 assay and PCNA were used to present the proliferative capacity. Transwell migration assay, MMP2 and MMP9 were used to show the migration ability. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to demonstrate the binding sites between microRNA-762 and stat3.
Results
microRNA-762 was downregulated in human AD tissues. Meantime, phenotypic switch markers showed low expression in AD tissues. Over expression of microRNA-762 through RNA interference weakened VSMC proliferation and migration and promoted the expression of phenotypic switch markers. Bio-informatics analysis presented that microRNA-762 had binding sites with stat3, which confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay in HEK293T. Co-transfect with microRNA-762 mimic and stat3 vector could rescue the proliferation and migration ability causing by transfect with microRNA-762 mimic only.
Conclusions
low expression of microRNA-762 promote phenotypic switch by targeting stat3 in VSMCs, which could be used as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for AD.
Chemical composition and nematicidal activity of wasabi(Eutrema japonicum) rhizome extracts against Meloidogyne enterolobii
Authors: Dou Xiaoli , Luo Jiguang , Wei Ying , Li Zhiwen , Wu Yani , Yin Xiaopeng , Lin Jiaojiao , Zhu Baibi , Wang Huifang
Published: October 2024

Aims
Eutrema japonicum a perennial herb belonging to the Eutrema genus in the Crucifer family. In recent years, numerous substances with notable pharmacological activities have been successfully isolated from E.japonicum. Despite significant advancements in related research, the efficacy of E.japonicum extracts against rhizome-knot nematodes remained unknown.
Methods
This study utilized extracts obtained from the rhizome of E.japonicum to evaluate their activity against J2 Meloidogyne enterolobii and single-egg hatching through a soaking method, demonstrating inhibition and killing activity against M.enterolobii.
Results
The results showed that the LC50 of E.japonicum extract on J2 were 44.633 mg/mL and 22.840 mg/mL at 24 h and 48 h post-treatment, respectively. The mortality rate of J2 reached 88.93% at 48h post-treatment when the concentration was 200 mg/mL, and the inhibition rate of single egg hatching reached 88.14%. This study conducted an analysis of the chemical composition of the ethanol extract of E.japonicum. we preliminarily screened out 10 organosulfur compounds and lipid compounds with insecticidal and antibacterial effects. Including Sec-butyl isothiocyanate and geraniol. Sec-butyl isothiocyanate and geraniol were further investigated for their nematicidal activity, demonstrating high efficacy against M.enterolobii.The results indicate that the extract of E.japonicum shows promise in inhibiting M.enterolobii.
Conclusions
These findings offer a scientific foundation and theoretical framework for utilizing E.japonicum as a potential raw material for the development of novel natural plant nematicides.
Synergetic effects of nano-boehmite and Y nano-zeolite on catalytic cracking of residue oil
Authors: Amini Ehsan , Ahmadi Kamran , Rashidi Alimorad , Youzbashi Amir Ali , Rezaei Mehran , Mesgar Sakineh
Published: October 2024

Boehmite nanoparticles and NaY nanozeolite were synthesized by co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods respectively and characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TG-DTA, BET and SEM techniques. XRD and BET analyses demonstrated the formation of boehmite nanoparticles with a surface area of 350 m2/g and NaY nanozeolite with high crystallinity and surface area of 957 m2/g. In order to evaluate the effect of the content of the mesoporous boehmite nanoparticles on the catalytic performance of the Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracking (RFCC) catalyst, alumina active matrix-based and silica inactive matrix-based catalysts were prepared. Results actually demonstrated that the acidity of zeolite composition improved with the addition of boehmite nanoparticles. On the other hand, in equal zeolite content, the alumina active matrix-based catalyst possessed higher acidity (NC30B20, 3.44 mmol NH3/g catalyst) than the silica inactive matrix-based catalyst (NC30B0, 2.31 mmol NH3/g catalyst). Microactivity tests (MAT) demonstrated that in equal zeolite content, active matrix-based catalysts exhibited higher catalytic performance than the inactive matrix-based catalysts. Moreover, the active matrix-based catalyst (NC30B20) with a surface area of 370 m2/g showed the optimum catalytic performance in RFCC process. The synthesized NC30B20 catalyst with 20 wt. % mesoporous boehmite nanoparticles as an active matrix and 30 wt. % zeolite nanoparticles balanced with silica had the highest gasoline yield (42 wt. %) and gasoline selectivity (65.1 wt. %). The catalytic performance test results showed that in equal MAT conversion (almost 64 wt. %), the synthesized NC30B20 catalyst had higher catalytic performance than the commercial catalyst.
Getting closer to Mitola’s Vision: A 1W, 30dBm, SDR Transmitter with Digital Out-phasing Exponential Modulation in a 65nm CMOS LPE
Authors: Sanduleanu Mihai , Mahdy Ahmed
Published: October 2024

A digital pulsed-modulation for high efficiency and linearity, switched-mode power amplifiers (PAs) is proposed. Based on a new representation of digital modulated signals at IF called Out-phasing Digital Exponential Modulation (ODEM), the paper shows the underlying concept, simulations and measurements that predict a faster decaying spectrum, when compared to pulse-width modulation (PWM) Out-phasing, and a power spectrum that fulfills the spectral emission mask even for 64QAM LTE standards. An implementation in a 65 nm CMOS LPE process from GF based on a Class D-1, 30dBm power amplifier, shows that the EVM and SEM requirements for 64-QAM LTE standards are fulfilled. The circuit implementation of the baseband IC as well as the PA is presented. The whole implementation is based on digital circuits.
The Effects of a Socially Evaluated Cold Press Stressor on Inhibitory Gating in Persons With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Zaman Andrew , Jewell Crystal , Izbicki Patricia , Stegemöller Elizabeth
Published: October 2024

Impaired inhibitory gating is a sensory processing symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD) associated with common motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia and motor inhibition. Acute stress impairs inhibitory gating in healthy adults; however, it is unclear how stress impacts inhibitory gating in people with PD. Using a Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor (SECP) to induce acute stress, inhibitory gating was assessed through electroencephalography (EEG) in fifteen individuals diagnosed with PD in the mild to moderate range of symptom severity by measuring the p50 ratio (S1/S2) during an auditory paired click paradigm, relative to age- and gender-matched healthy older adults (HOAs). Results confirmed decreased inhibitory gating in both persons with PD and HOAs following the induction of an acute stressor. Persons with PD experienced greater, though insignificant, S1 and S2 amplitudes than HOAs with a medium-to-large effect size in the condition by group interaction (ηp² = 0.104). These findings provide evidence to suggest that PD may also affect early auditory processing, possibly through over-compensation of the reticular activating system. However, interpretations are limited to eight individuals with PD and fifteen HOAs. Future research should examine the relationship between stress and sensory functioning on motor symptoms and cognition in persons with PD to unlock potential clinical targets for therapeutics.
A Comprehensive Study on the Rheological Properties of Desulfurized Rubberized Asphalt and Establishment of Micro-Scale Mechanical Models
Authors: Chang Yingjie
Published: October 2024

In this study, the complex relationship between the mechanical properties of desulfurized rubberized asphalt and the characteristics of its component material is explored, with the aim to establish a micro-scale mechanical model for desulfurized rubberized asphalt. Three types of desulfurized rubber powders with different Menni viscosities were used to prepare desulfurized rubberized asphalt, and its rheological properties were evaluated through high-temperature multi-stress creep recovery test (MSCR) test, medium-temperature linear amplitude scanning (LAS) test, and low-temperature bending beam rheology (BBR) test. Through frequency scanning tests, combined with the principle of time-temperature equivalence and the corresponding mathematical model, the dynamic modulus of the matrix asphalt and desulfurized rubber powder was determined, leading to the establishment of a micro-scale mechanical model for desulfurized rubberized asphalt. The results indicate that the high-temperature performance indicators of desulfurized rubberized asphalt are highly sensitive to the degree of desulfurization. As the degree of desulfurization of the rubber powder increases, the fatigue damage rate of asphalt gradually reduces, and its fatigue life improves. Specifically, the asphalt sample modified using desulfurized rubber powder with a Menni viscosity of 40 exhibits the best low-temperature cracking performance. The increase in the degree of desulfurization promotes better dissolution of rubber in the asphalt, and the size of the rubber powder affects its interaction with the asphalt. Among the powders, the rubber powder with a size of 0.15 mm has the largest specific surface area, leading to rapid changes in the concentration over time. In addition, the Mori-Tanaka (MT) and two-layer built-in (TLB) models are found to be effective for predicting the performance of desulfurized rubberized asphalt. Using the gray correlation method, comprehensive indicators for high-, medium-, and low-temperature performance are established. The results reveal that the desulfurized rubber powder with a Menni viscosity of 60 exhibits the highest comprehensive performance indicators. Thus, for high-temperature regions, the use of 60 desulfurized rubber powder with a Menni viscosity of 60 is recommended for asphalt preparation.
First record of the Liriomyza blechi Spencer (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Ferreira Kerolainy R. , Monteiro Nilton J. S. , Santos Lucas G.
Published: October 2024

This study reports the first record of Liriomyza blechi Spencer on maize (Zea mays L.). The notification occurred in the State of Goiás, Brazil, being also the second state to record the presence of the species in Brazil. Morphologically, L. blechi is characterized by a yellow scutum with bands and spots, a yellow scutellum, the presence of two small setae in the posteromedial region of the middle tibia, and a long seta at the apex of the cerci. The identification was confirmed through the morphological analysis of the male genitalia. The mines caused by L. blechi larvae in maize leaves can have irregular shapes and affect the photosynthetic area of the plant. Therefore, this record demonstrates the need for further studies on the bioecology and management of this species, aiming to minimize potential damage to the crop and implement effective control strategies when necessary.
Growth Differentiation Factor – 8 (GDF-8) as a predictor of clinical pregnancy in GnRH-agonist ICSI cycles: A prospective Cohort Study.
Authors: Shoukry Ahmed , Tarek Shaymaa , Hashad Doaa , Hebisha Sherif A.
Published: October 2024

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of serum GDF-8 as a predictor of clinical pregnancy after IVF-ET and to investigate the relationship between serum GDF-8 and P4 for more understanding the function of GDF-8 in controlling serum P4 during COS.
Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted with 42 women who underwent ICSI-ET and were recruited from a single fertility center in Alexandria, Egypt, from May 2023 to January 2024. A conventional long agonist protocol was used, and the serum levels of P and GDF-8 were measured at different time points. Serum human GDF-8 ELISA kits were used in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocol.
Results
The GDF-8 and P4 serum levels on the hCG day showed a highly significant negative correlation, the GDF-8 and P4 serum levels 2 weeks after ET showed a highly statistically significant negative correlation (p < 0.001), and there was a highly significant positive correlation between a decline in GDF-8 and a rise in P4 serum levels (from the day of hCG day to the day of OPU). The GDF-8 level was ≥ 3.9 ng/ml on the day of hCG seems to be a sensitive predictor of pregnancy following ICSI-ET
Conclusion
During controlled ovarian stimulation, GDF-8 level exhibits a dynamic pattern in conjunction with serum progesterone level. High serum level of GDF-8 (> 3.9 ng/ml), followed by a decline in this level (by > 1.35 ng/ml) might be reliable predictor of pregnancy after ICSI-ET.
Trial registration number:
NCT06529627 (retrospectively registered on 31/07/2024).
The Impact of Goat Hair as a Natural Animal Fiber on Properties of the Lightweight Cement Composite
Authors: Hassas Najmeh , Moaf Farzam Omidi , Kurpińska Marzena , Bardzińska-Bonenberg Teresa , Borucka Justyna , Abdelgader Hakim S. , Soman Rohan , Miśkiewicz Mikołaj
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the potential of goat hair as a natural fiber reinforcement in lightweight cement composites, aiming to enhance the mechanical properties and sustainability of building materials. The research systematically evaluates the flexural and compressive strengths of cement composites reinforced with goat hair fibers, observing performance across two key time frames: the 7th and 28th days after mixing. Results indicate that the inclusion of goat hair significantly improves both the flexural and compressive strengths of the composites over time. The best result was obtained at a 0.4% ratio of goat hair to cement. This research underscores the effectiveness of goat hair in cement composites, suggesting that such natural fiber reinforcements can contribute to more sustainable and durable building practices. The findings advocate for further exploration of natural fibers in the construction industry, aiming to optimize eco-friendly materials for improved mechanical properties and environmental impact.
Study on the Mechanism of Pressure Reduction in Gangue-Filled Mining and Sensitivity of Main Controlling Factors
Authors: Zhu Lei , xu yunong , liu chengyong , zhou yuejin , gu wenzhe , zhou nan , liu zhicheng
Published: October 2024

Gangue-filled mining technology represents the significant advancement in green mining. To investigate the mechanism of pressure reduction in gangue-filled mining and the sensitivity of main controlling factors, the mechanical model was first developed based on the advanced support pressure in mining. The method for calculating mining pressure in filled mining was derived from beam structural stress characteristics. Then, numerical simulation methods were employed to analyze the pressure reduction patterns in gangue-filled mining based on the geological conditions. Finally, orthogonal experiments were conducted on main controlling factors, and sensitivity analysis was performed using range analysis and variance analysis to determine the sensitivity of each controlling factor. The results show that: (1) Pressure manifestation in gangue-filled mining is determined through main controlling factors including mining height, filling ratio, and gangue elastic modulus; (2) Under the support of coal gangue, the concentrated stress in the coal seam significantly decreases, forming an "arched" shape according to the construction stage; (3) The range of plastic failure in the coal seam remains relatively stable under filled mining and the plastic zone of the roof plate shows a strip-like distribution; (4) Range analysis and variance analysis revealed the sensitivity ranking as filling ratio > mining height > elastic modulus of the filling material. Variance analysis also indicates mining height and filling ratio have significant impacts on mining pressure, whereas the elastic modulus of coal gangue has a negligible impact.
Expression characteristics of CsESA1 in citrus and analysis of its interacting protein
Authors: He Xiao , Wang Huiying , Wei Wei , Han ziyue , Zuo Jiaqi , He Qing
Published: October 2024

The most damaging disease affecting citrus globally is Huanglongbing (HLB), primarily attributed to the infection by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (CaLas). Based on comparative transcriptome data, two cellulose synthase (CESA) genes responsive to CaLas infection induction were screened, and one gene cloned with higher differential expression level was selected and named CsCESA1. The yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and Bimolecular Fluorescent Complementation (BiFC) experiments confirmed the interaction between CsCESA1 and citrus exopolysaccharide 2 (CsEPS2). Subcellular localization in tobacco indicated that both CsCESA1 and CsEPS2 proteins are primarily located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that the expression levels of CsCESA1 and CsEPS2 were associated with variety tolerance, tissue site, and symptom development. Furthermore, we employed the Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system to generate CsCESA1 and CsEPS2 silencing plants. We established a stable transformation system mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes in citrus and obtained CsCESA1 and CsEPS2 silencing and overexpressing hairy roots. The analysis of hormone content and gene expression also showed that CsCESA1 and CsEPS2 are involved in transcriptional regulation of genes involved in systemic acquired resistance (SAR) response. In conclusion, our results suggested that CsCESA1 and CsEPS2 could serve as potential resistance genes for HLB disease, offering insights into the plant's defense mechanisms against HLB.
Teamwork assessment in undergraduate Engineering courses
Authors: Pang Toh Yen , Kootsookos Alexandra , Fox Kate , Pirogova Elena
Published: October 2024

This study explores the effective design and development of a rubric that enhance learning and collaboration in project-based learning (PBL) environments. By gathering surveys and feedback from 152 Engineering undergraduate students and 12 staff members, we gained insights into the key elements and features of a rubric suitable for assessing teamwork skills in PBL contexts. The students emphasised the fairness and transparency on how the rubric was communicated and explained in addressing all assessment requirements, so that these were clearly understood by both academics and students. The academics noted the important elements of good teamwork, including anticipation, initiative, helping others, communicating, problem-solving, and actively seeking and suggesting solutions that show critical thinking and innovation. The outcome of our study supports the longer-term development of rubrics and their broader application as tools for assessing teamwork. These insights benefit researchers examining rubrics and seeking to understand academics' and students' perspectives.
Symptom Clusters and Sentinel Symptoms During the Third and Fourth Cycles of Postoperative Chemotherapy in Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Ma Jingshuang , Wang Yanjie , Li Wei , Wang Aiping
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality in China, and patients after lobectomy experience serious physical and psychological symptoms during chemotherapy. Studies are lacking about symptom clusters and sentinel symptoms during the postoperative chemotherapy period in lung cancer patients.
Objective: To explore the stability of symptom clusters and sentinel symptoms during the 3nd and 4th cycles of postoperative chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer.
Methods: The study was a longitudinal study. Lung cancer patients after lobectomy were measured at 2 separate points:chemotherapy cycle 3 and chemotherapy cycle 4. The measures administered included M.D.Anderson Symptom Inventor Lung Cancer Specific Module and Self-made First Appearance of Symptoms Time Sheet.
Results: A total of 180 postoperative patients with lung cancer participated in the study. Five symptom clusters and three sentinel symptoms were identified at chemotherapy cycle 3. Four symptom clusters and three sentinel symptoms were identified at chemotherapy cycle 4.
Conclusions: Symptom clusters and sentinel symptoms were relatively stable during the 3nd and 4th cycles of postoperative chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer.
Implications for practice: The understanding of symptom clusters and sentinel symptoms could be beneficial for clinicians to assess and manage symptoms in postoperative patients with lung cancer during chemotherapy. Clinicians should pay close attention to sentinel symptoms and develop effective interventions to reduce the symptom burden of patients.
Spatial-based mapping of the groundwater potential zones of Akaki catchment in the surrounding highlands of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Nigussie Getamesay , Argaw Mekuria , Nedaw Dessie , Tadesse Tsegaye , Hartmann Andreas
Published: October 2024

Human activities and climate change are hindering water supply in the Akaki catchment. This issue is aggravated by the reduction in groundwater levels due to excessive withdrawal. Hence, this study investigated the potential groundwater areas within the catchment by considering eight different factors. Eight thematic map layers were created utilizing ArcGIS. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was conducted using the geospatial monitoring and modeling system software (i.e., TerrSet- v.19.0.6). Through the analysis, it was determined that lithology (31%), rainfall (23%), lineament density (18%), drainage density (11%), slope (6%), land use (4%), soil (4%), and elevation (3%) exhibit their respective degrees of significance on groundwater potential in the catchment. Pair-wise computations showed an acceptable range, displaying a consistency ratio below 0.1. Subsequently, a weighted overlay analysis was done and it revealed that approximately 41% of the catchment area is situated in the Northeast, Central, and Northwest regions characterized by moderate groundwater potential. Also, about 43% of the catchment, located in the Northwest, Central, and Southeast regions, shows a high groundwater potential. In the southern part, an area covering approximately 15% of the catchment, has been identified as having a very high groundwater potential. Furthermore, single-parameter sensitivity analysis indicated that lithology, rainfall, and lineament were the parameters unveiling the highest sensitivity. Finally, the results were validated by superimposing data from 199 wells onto the categorized groundwater potential regions, indicating that the majority (76%) of the wells aligned with high and very high groundwater potential zones. Additionally, the validation demonstrates excellent groundwater predictability with an overall AUC value of 0.925. Therefore, the study underscores the importance of gaining a deep understanding of the factors influencing groundwater potential within the catchment to plan a sustainable supply of groundwater resources.
Effects of Particle Size Distribution and Moisture Content on the Motion and Deposit Characteristics of Landslide Debris Flow
Authors: Ma Ming-wei , Zhou Jia-wen , Yang Xing-guo , Liang Yi-hui , Yang Tao , Liao Hai-mei
Published: October 2024

Landslide debris flows likely do great damage to communal facilities in mountain area by wide range of sliding motion and deposit, which have close relation with the features of source area and sliding path. Based on physical model experiments in this study, the interaction between debris flows and adjacent terrain has been simulated to investigate the sliding motion and deposit characteristics with different particle size distributions and moisture contents of source debris flows. Distinct deposit characteristics including fingering deposits, inverse grading and transverse ridges could be observed from the tests. With the particle size increasing, both debris flow travel distance and deposit width increase, while the maximum deposit height gradually decreases. With the moisture content increasing, both debris flow travel distance and deposit width initially increase then decrease. Besides, the debris flow velocity is faster with larger particle sizes but slower with higher moisture content. Energy loss during debris flow sliding motion is primarily caused by friction and collision. Analysis according to experiments show that an increase in moisture content would amplify the loss of frictional energy but diminish the collision energy, but both particle size distribution and moisture content have relatively minor influence on total energy loss.
A Novel Metabolic Risk Classification Incorporating Body Fat, Waist Circumference, and Muscle Strength in Young Mexican Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ceron Hector Saldivar , Millan Carlos Robledo , Dominguez Maria Diaz , Ramírez Ari Castañeda
Published: October 2024

Background: The rising prevalence of metabolic diseases requires new risk assessment tools beyond BMI and waist circumference (WC). A phenotyping system combining body fat percentage (%BF) and WC has been proposed to better stratify cardiometabolic risk, but muscle strength, a key metabolic health predictor, remains underexplored. This study introduces a novel risk classification system integrating %BF, WC, and grip strength (GS) to enhance risk identification in young adults in Mexico.
Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 300 young adults (18-22 years) from Mexico City were assessed for %BF, WC, and GS using standardized protocols. Participants were classified into risk categories using both traditional and new criteria, including the novel phenotyping system.
Results:The existing %BF-WC system categorized 29.8% of males and 22.2% of females as "no risk." Slightly increased risk included 19% of males and 25% of females, while increased risk comprised 34.5% of males and 24.5% of females. High and very high risks included 16.6% of males and 28.2% of females. The new system, including GS, reduced "no risk" to 15.5% of males and 11.6% of females and increased those at higher risk (70.2% of males, 69% of females). The system also identified a protective condition group. Significant reclassification was observed (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Integrating muscle strength into metabolic risk assessment alongside %BF and WC provides a more refined understanding of metabolic health, effectively identifying at-risk individuals who may be overlooked by existing methods.
Reputation System based on Distributed Ledge to Secure DecentralizedFederated Learning
Authors: Assen Jan von der , Hunkeler Sandrin Raphael , Celdran Alberto Huertas , Beltran Enrique Tomas Martinez , Bovet Gérôme , Stiller Burkhard
Published: October 2024

Machine Learning (ML) faces several challenges, including susceptibility to data leakage and the overhead associated with data storage. Decentralized Federated Learning (DFL) offers a robust solution to these issues by eliminating the need for centralized data collection, thereby enhancing data privacy. In DFL, distributed nodes collaboratively train an ML model by sharing model parameters rather than sensitive data. However, DFL systems are vulnerable to poisoning attacks, where malicious participants manipulate their local models or training data to compromise the overall model. Existing robust aggregation methods attempt to mitigate these threats by evaluating the quality of models based on specific criteria before and during aggregation. However, these methods rely solely on the local perspectives of individual DFL participants, limiting their effectiveness in identifying malicious actors. More specifically, the role of Distributed Ledger technology in providing a reputation-based aggregation approach for decentralized learning has not been explored. Moreover, experiments with reputation-based attacks have not been performed. Thus, this work introduces a ledger-based reputation system that enables participants to share their local reputation assessments, which are then combined into a reputation score. This score informs a robust aggregation algorithm, facilitating weighted aggregation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system effectively mitigates model poisoning attacks and defenses against attacks targeting the reputation system itself. Additionally, resource utilization metrics reveal trade-offs and scalability limitations, with the reputation system providing valuable information to participants while maintaining competitive latency levels.
Long-duration Spaceflight Induces Atrophy in the Left Ventricular Papillary Muscles.
Authors: Tordeur Cyril , Abdessater Elza , Hossein Amin , Righetti Francesca , Sinitsyn Valentin , Mershina Elena , Luchitskaya Elena , Caiani Enrico G. , Faoro Vitalie , Tank Jens , de Borne Philippe van , Rabineau Jérémy
Published: October 2024

Microgravity exposure induces cardiac deconditioning, primarily due to hypovolemia and inactivity. Animal models suggest microgravity may cause left ventricular (LV) papillary muscle atrophy, but this has not been studied in humans. This study used MRI to assess LV papillary muscle mass and LV morphology and function in nine male cosmonauts before and 6 ± 2 days after long-duration spaceflight (247 ± 90 days). Spaceflight did not affect LV volumes and ejection fraction but increased heart rate (P < 0.001), cardiac output (P = 0.03), and longitudinal strain parameters. There was a 13.6% decrease in LV papillary muscle mass (P = 0.017) with a trend of increase in the LV mass, increased mitral annular diameter (P = 0.004) without mitral leakage, and increased LV sphericity (P = 0.02). These findings suggest LV adapts to space with geometric changes, but microgravity-induced papillary muscle atrophy requires further study for long-term implications.