bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional disability of adult individuals with spinal cord injury and its association with socio-demographic characteristics
Authors: Coura Alexsandro Silva , França Inacia Sátiro Xavier de , Enders Bertha Cruz , Barbosa Mayara Lima , Souza Juliana Raquel Silva
Published: April 2012

The aim was to investigate the Functional Disability degree in adults with spinal cord injury and its association with socio-demographic characteristics. The Barthel Index was used and 75 subjects answered a questionnaire with socio-demographic variables. The Chi-Square, Cronbach's Alpha and Fisher tests were used in the analysis. The mean age was 42.23 years. Cronbach's Alpha for the Barthel Index was 0.807. The activities that were more difficult to perform were Climbing and Descending Stairs (92%) and Walking (82.7%). The mean Barthel Index score was 64 points. The tests of association demonstrated values with p>0.05. Even though this population demonstrated a low degree of dependency and no association was identified between the socio-demographic variables and Functional Disability, the study contributes to nursing care for individuals with spinal cord injury, considering the limitations the condition imposes on their self-care.
Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and their friends: the influence of this interaction in the management of the disease
Authors: Sparapani Valéria de Cássia , Borges Ana Luiza Vilela , Dantas Isa Ribeiro de Oliveira , Pan Raquel , Nascimento Lucila Castanheira
Published: April 2012

Friends' support is a key element in the management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. This study describes the influence of friends on the lives of children with Diabetes Mellitus and its implications for managing the disease. Empirical data were collected through semi-structured interviews, supported with the use of puppets, with 19 children aged between seven and 12 years old. The qualitative analysis of the testimonies allowed understanding the phenomenon from two perspectives: the attitude of friends towards the child, positively or negatively affecting the disease's management, and the attitude of the child toward friends. The knowledge of those involved and the interaction between the children with DM1 and their friends impacts the management of the disease. Understanding the implications of these interactions contributes to the delivery of qualified nursing care to this population.
Critical incidents of trust erosion in leadership of head nurses
Authors: Yañez-Gallardo Rodrigo , Valenzuela-Suazo Sandra
Published: April 2012

Investigations show that distrust towards head figures has a particularly negative effect on organizational dynamics. Because of this, the main types of behavior associated with distrust in nursing professionals with leadership duties have been identified, examining which aspect of reliability is most frequently related to distrust. Based on an analysis of 61 critical incidents, selected from 90 hospital employees, the most frequently mentioned behavior types related to distrust were "Public Abuse", "Not giving permission for time off for a special occasion" and especially an erosion of trustworthiness in the leader's integrity dimension. The implications of these findings are discussed, so that nursing professionals can avoid the development of distrust in interpersonal relationships and damage to the appropriate functioning of health services.
Quality of life and depressive symptoms among caregivers and drug dependent people
Authors: Marcon Samira Reschetti , Rubira Elizete Aparecida , Espinosa Mariano Martinez , Barbosa Dulce Aparecida
Published: April 2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life and the presence of depressive symptoms among the caregivers and drug dependent people of the CAPSad. This is a cross-sectional study, with 109 users of four Psychosocial Care Centers for alcohol and other drugs of Mato Grosso and their caregivers, using the instruments: Medical Outcomes Studies 36 (SF-36), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a sociodemographic variables questionnaire. The QoL of the caregivers in the domains functional capacity, physical aspect, pain and vitality were more affected when compared to the users. A strong correlation between QoL and depressive symptoms was found in both groups. The comparisons performed demonstrate a compromise in the quality of life of both, with the group of caregivers most affected, confirming the situation of drug dependence as an important factor in the perception of the caregiver regarding their quality of life.
Pityriasis amiantacea: clinical-dermatoscopic features and microscopy of hair tufts
Authors: Verardino Gustavo Costa , Azulay-Abulafia Luna , Macedo Priscila Marques de , Jeunon Thiago
Published: April 2012

Pityriasis Amiantacea, also known as pseudotinea amiantacea, is a clinical syndrome which affects the scalp, having a reaction pattern reported to occur in several inflammatory dermatoses. The authors seek to establish the correlation between its clinical, dermoscopic and light microscopy features through the analysis of scale- encrusted hair tufts submitted to histological processing.
Case for diagnosis
Authors: Januário Gustavo , Santiago Felicidade
Published: April 2012

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) is the most common vasculitis in children. In the absence of significant renal disease it has an excellent prognosis. In the case described, HSP initially presented together with orchitis. This infrequent event required the exclusion of testicular torsion.
Spontaneous cure in a case of Tinea nigra
Authors: Rossetto André Luiz , Cruz Rosana Cé Bella
Published: April 2012

The authors report a case (in Itajai, Santa Catarina State, Brazil) of tinea nigra in a 4-year-old female child which spontaneously healed. We discuss the clinical and epidemiological aspects of the mycosis and this rare case of spontaneous healing.
Método científico e prática docente: as representações sociais de professores de ciências do ensino fundamental
Authors: Silva Fernanda , Cunha Ana Maria
Published: April 2012

Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida no curso de Mestrado em Educação da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, e se propôs a investigar as representações sociais dos professores de ciências de 5ª a 8ª séries sobre o "método científico" e os efeitos dessas representações em suas práticas docentes. O referencial teórico metodológico utilizado foi o das representações sociais, na perspectiva moscoviciana. Os instrumentos empregados para a coleta de dados foram questionários e entrevistas. A análise de um e outro instrumento aponta uma prevalência de representações construtivistas, embora com algumas incoerências. Em relação aos efeitos que essas representações surtem nas práticas dos sujeitos, a nossa conclusão é de que isso não aconteceu de forma significativa. De maneira geral, os professores pesquisados avaliam como vantajosa a utilização dessa metodologia no ensino de ciências, justificando não a utilizarem em função de algumas dificuldades operacionais e, mesmo, de formação inadequada para fazê-lo.
Hypophysitis Induced by Monoclonal Antibodies to Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4: Challenges from a New Cause of a Rare Disease
Authors: Torino Francesco , Barnabei Agnese , De Vecchis Liana , Salvatori Roberto , Corsello Salvatore M.
Published: April 2012

Learning Objectives:

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Identify symptoms of hypophysitis as an infrequent immune related side effect of ipilimumab and other anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies.Select the appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic work-up for patients suspected of having anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal-induced hypophysitis.

CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Specific human monoclonal antibodies antagonize cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (anti–CTLA-4 mAbs), a negative regulator of the immune system, inducing unrestrained T-cell activation. In patients with advanced or metastatic melanoma, one of these agents, ipilimumab, produced considerable disease control rates and, for the first time, a clear improvement in overall survival outcomes. However, accumulating clinical experience with anti–CTLA-4 mAbs identified a novel syndrome of autoimmune and autoinflammatory side effects, designated as “immune-related adverse events,” including mainly rash, colitis, and hepatitis. Autoimmune hypophysitis has emerged as a distinctive side effect induced by anti–CTLA-4 mAbs. This condition may be life threatening because of adrenal insufficiency if not promptly recognized, but it may easily be diagnosed and treated if clinically suspected. Hypopituitarism caused by these agents is rarely reversible and prolonged or life-long substitutive hormonal treatment is often required. The precise mechanism of injury to the pituitary triggered by anti–CTLA-4 mAbs is yet to be fully elucidated.
Accumulating Evidence for a Drug–Drug Interaction Between Methotrexate and Proton Pump Inhibitors
Authors: Bezabeh Shewit , Mackey Ann Corken , Kluetz Paul , Jappar Dilara , Korvick Joyce
Published: April 2012

Background.

A number of medications are known to interact with methotrexate through various mechanisms. The aim of this article is to apprise practitioners of a new labeling change based on the accumulating evidence for a possible drug–drug interaction between methotrexate (primarily at high doses) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Methods.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) database of spontaneous adverse event reports and the published literature were searched for cases reporting an interaction between methotrexate and PPIs.

Results.

A search of the AERS database and existing literature found several individual case reports of drug–drug interactions and three additional supportive studies that suggest potential underlying mechanisms for the interaction.

Conclusion.

There is evidence to suggest that concomitant use of methotrexate (primarily at high doses) with PPIs such as omeprazole, esomeprazole, and pantoprazole may decrease methotrexate clearance, leading to elevated serum levels of methotrexate and/or its metabolite hydroxymethotrexate, possibly leading to methotrexate toxicities. In several case reports, no methotrexate toxicity was found when a histamine H2 blocker was substituted for a PPI. Based on the reviewed data, the FDA updated the methotrexate label to include the possible drug–drug interaction between high-dose methotrexate and PPIs. Physicians should be alerted to this potential drug–drug interaction in patients receiving concomitant high-dose methotrexate and PPIs.
Correlations Among Various Self-Consolidating Concrete Workability Responses
Authors: Long Wu-Jian , Khayat Kamal Henri , Xing Feng
Published: April 2012

Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixtures designated for precast, prestressed applications should be highly
workable to flow easily through restricted spacing and completely encapsulate reinforcements without any mechanical
vibration. Key workability characteristics of SCC can be described in terms of filling ability, passing ability, and
resistance to segregation. These properties are typically characterized by data that relate to specific testing methods. In
general, these methods include the components required for evaluating simultaneously filling ability, passing ability, and
resistance to segregation, since these properties are rather interrelated. In this investigation, 33 SCC mixtures made with
various mixture proportioning parameters, including maximum size and type of aggregate, type and content of binder, and
w/cm were evaluated. The mixtures were prepared using crushed aggregate and gravel of three different nominal sizes,
w/cm of 0.33 and 0.38, and three binder compositions: Type MS cement, Type HE cement with 30% of slag replacement,
and Type HE cement with 20% of Class F fly ash. Comparisons and correlations among various test results used in
evaluating the workability responses obtained for these mixtures are established. This is done to highlight advantages and
limitations of the various test methods that can be used to assess workability of SCC designated for prestressed
applications. Appropriate combinations of test methods that can be used to assess workability of SCC at the precast plant
are recommended, and ranges of acceptance of the various test methods are established.
On Tarski's Foundations of the Geometry of Solids
Authors: Betti Arianna , Loeb Iris
Published: April 2012

The paper [Tarski:Les fondements de la géométrie des corps,Annales de la Société Polonaise de Mathématiques, pp. 29–34, 1929] is in many ways remarkable. We address three historico-philosophical issues that force themselves upon the reader. First we argue that in this paper Tarski did not live up to his own methodological ideals, but displayed instead a much more pragmatic approach. Second we show that Leśniewski's philosophy and systems do not play the significant role that one may be tempted to assign to them at first glance. Especially the role of background logic must be at least partially allocated to Russell's systems ofPrincipia mathematica. This analysis leads us, third, to a threefold distinction of the technical ways in which the domain of discourse comes to be embodied in a theory. Having all of this in place, we discuss why we have to reject the argument in [Gruszczyński and Pietruszczak:Full development ofTarski's Geometry of Solids,The Bulletin of Symbolic Logic, vol. 4 (2008), no. 4, pp. 481–540] according to which Tarski has made a certain mistake.
On subgroups of the additive group in differentially closed fields
Authors: Süer Sonat
Published: April 2012

In this paper we deal with the model theory of differentially closed fields of characteristic zero with finitely many commuting derivations. First we observe that the only known lower bound for the Lascar rank of types in differentially closed fields, announced in a paper of McGrail, is false. This gives us a new class of regular types which are orthogonal to fields. Then we classify the subgroups of the additive group of Lascar rank omega with differential-type 1 which are nonorthogonal to fields. The last parts consist of an analysis of the quotients of the heat variety. We show that the generic type of such a quotient is locally modular. Finally, we answer a question of Phylliss Cassidy about the existence of certain Jordan-Hölder type series in the negative.
A real of strictly positive effective packing dimension that does not compute a real of effective packing dimension one
Authors: Conidis Chris J.
Published: April 2012

Recently, the Dimension Problem for effective Hausdorff dimension was solved by J. Miller in [14], where the author constructs a Turing degree of non-integral Hausdorff dimension. In this article we settle the Dimension Problem for effective packing dimension by constructing a real of strictly positive effective packing dimension that does not compute a real of effective packing dimension one (on the other hand, it is known via [10. 3. 7] that every real of strictly positive effective Hausdorff dimension computes reals whose effective packing dimensions are arbitrarily close to, but not necessarily equal to, one).
RT22 does not imply WKL0
Authors: Liu Jiayi
Published: April 2012

We prove that by showing that for any set C not of PA-degree and any set A, there exists an infinite subset G of A or such that G ⊕ C is also not of PA-degree.
Hausdorff measure on o-minimal structures
Authors: Fornasiero A. , Rifo E. Vasquez
Published: April 2012

We introduce the Hausdorff measure for definable sets in an o-minimal structure, and prove the Cauchy–Crofton and co-area formulae for the o-minimal Hausdorff measure. We also prove that every definable set can be partitioned into “basic rectifiable sets”, and that the Whitney arc property holds for basic rectifiable sets.
Role of reactive species in processing materials at laboratory temperature by spray plasma devices
Authors: Nikravech Mehrdad , Baba Kamal , Leneindre Bernard , Rousseau Frédéric
Published: April 2012

Processing the aerosol of metal salts in non-equilibrium plasma represents a promising technique that combines the advantages of spray pyrolysis with the high reactivity of plasmas at nearlaboratory temperature in order to produce mixed-oxides and perovskite materials. The aim of this paper is to describe the principles of this new technique and to present the various applications and latest developments. This technique’s capacity to deposit various mixed metal oxides with precise stoichiometry is demonstrated. It is shown that oxidant plasma species play a key role in the chemical transformation of starting materials into oxides at laboratory temperature, while the configuration of the reactor determines the morphology and texture of the deposited layers. Two different reactor configurations are presented. The porous layers of LaxSr1−x MnO3 as the cathode for fuel cells were synthesised in a wave shock reactor configuration, while nanostructured ZnO-Al layers to form a transparent conductive cathode for photovoltaic cells were deposited in the spray plasma reactor of the latest generation for this technique. The experimental results emphasise the role of plasma species in the rate of chemical reactions and in the chemical composition of the deposited layers.
Eudraginated polymer blends: A potential oral controlled drug delivery system for theophylline
Authors: Emeje Martins , John-Africa Lucy , Isimi Yetunde , Kunle Olobayo , Ofoefule Sabinus
Published: April 2012

Eudraginated polymer blends: A potential oral controlled drug delivery system for theophylline

Sustained release (SR) dosage forms enable prolonged and continuous deposition of the drug in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and improve the bioavailability of medications characterized by a narrow absorption window. In this study, a new strategy is proposed for the development of SR dosage forms for theophylline (TPH). Design of the delivery system was based on a sustained release formulation, with a modified coating technique and swelling features aimed to extend the release time of the drug. Different polymers, such as Carbopol 71G (CP), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC), ethylcellulose (EC) and their combinations were tried. Prepared matrix tablets were coated with a 5 % (m/m) dispersion of Eudragit (EUD) in order to get the desired sustained release profile over a period of 24 h. Various formulations were evaluated for micromeritic properties, drug concentration and in vitro drug release. It was found that the in vitro drug release rate decreased with increasing the amount of polymer. Coating with EUD resulted in a significant lag phase in the first two hours of dissolution in the acidic pH of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) due to decreased water uptake, and hence decreased driving force for drug release. Release became faster in the alkaline pH of simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) owing to increased solubility of both the coating and matrixing agents. The optimized formulation was subjected to in vivo studies in rabbits and the pharmacokinetic parameters of developed formulations were compared with the commercial (Asmanyl®) formulation. Asmanyl® tablets showed faster absorption (tmax 4.0 h) compared to the TPH formulation showing a tmax value of 8.0 h. The Cmax and AUC values of TPH formulation were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those for Asmanyl®, revealing relative bioavailability of about 136.93 %. Our study demonstrated the potential usefulness of eudraginated polymers for the oral delivery of the sparingly soluble drug theophylline.
Simple RP-HPLC method for determination of triple drug combination of valsartan, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma
Authors: Sharma Ritesh , Pancholi Shyam
Published: April 2012

Simple RP-HPLC method for determination of triple drug combination of valsartan, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide in human plasma

A simple RP-HPLC method for the quantification of valsartan (VAL), amlodipine (AML) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in human plasma was developed and validated. VAL, AML and HCT were resolved using a Gemini C18 column and mobile phase gradient starting from 20 % acetonitrile and 80 % 10 mmol L-1 ammonium formate (V/V, pH 3.5 ± 0.2, by formic acid) to 70 % acetonitrile and 30 % 10 mmol L-1 ammonium formate, over 20 minutes, with a flow rate of 1 mL min-1. The samples were purified by protein precipitation and extraction. Telmisartan was used as internal standard. The method was validated according to USFDA and EMEA guidelines with good reproducibility and linear responses R = 0.9985 (VAL), 0.9964 (AML), and 0.9971 (HCT). RSDs of intra- and inter-day precision ranged 2.2-8.1 and 4.6-11.7 %, respectively, for all three drugs. Mean extraction recoveries of three QCs for the triple drug combination were 76.5 (VAL), 72.0 (AML) and 73.0 (HCT) % for human plasma. Although the LC-MS/MS method is more sensitive than HPLC, HPLC is still suitable for preliminary pharmacokinetic study. The experiments performed demostrated that simultaneous determination of all components of the triple drug combination in human plasma can be done by this method. Proposed method can be also used for guidance to the LC-MS/MS method.
Vitex Agnus-Castus L. Essential Oil Increases Human Erythrocyte Membrane Fluidity
Authors: Ajdžanović Vladimir , Spasojević Ivan , Pantelić Jasmina , Šošić-Jurjević Branka , Filipović Branko , Milošević Verica , Severs Walter
Published: April 2012

Vitex Agnus-CastusL. Essential Oil Increases Human Erythrocyte Membrane Fluidity

Erythrocyte membrane fluidity is related to their rheologic behavior, the dynamic quality of erythrocytes, which is tempted in hypertension and atherosclerosis. An increased risk of these and other cardiovascular diseases occurs in ageing women. Menopause-related conditions are often treated with hormone replacement therapy that may increase the risk of malignancies.Vitex agnus-castusL. essential oil contains various organic compounds (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and terpenoids), and is increasingly used as an alternative therapy for menopausal symptoms. These components of the oil may be incorporated into cell membranes, thereby changing the membrane fluidity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects ofVitex agnus-castusessential oil on human erythrocyte membrane fluidity at graded depths. We used Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy and fatty acid spin probes (5-doxyl stearic acid and 12-doxyl stearic acid), whose spectra depend on membrane fluidity. After treatment withVitex agnus-castusessential oil the erythrocytes had a significant (p=0.029) and reversible increase in membrane fluidity in the deeper hydrophobic membrane regions, with no change (p>0.05) in fluidity near the membrane's hydrophilic surface. These results document increased fluidity of the human erythrocyte membrane byVitex agnus-castusessential oil, and this action may be useful in patients with menopause-related hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions.
Pathways of Complement Activation Following Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion in Macaque
Authors: Xu Lantao , Wu Yanyan
Published: April 2012

Pathways of Complement Activation Following Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion in Macaque

Complement activation is a key component in the inflammation cascade. In the present study, intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) was introduced to macaques, and the pathways of complement activation in the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) following IIR were investigated, which may provide evidence on the mechanisms underlying the endogenous protection in systemic inflammatory response. IIR was performed by clamping superior mesenteric artery and releasing clamp in 5 macaques. Immunization rate nephelometry and CH50 total complement detection were employed to measure the serum concentration of C3, C4, C-reactive protein (CRP) and total complements. Immunocytochemistry was carried out to detect the contents of IL-1 and NF-κB in polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). Flow cytometry was done to measure the apoptosis rate of PMN. At 24 h after IIR, the amount of total complement (106.6±18.07 U/mL) was reduced to 62.1±9.52 U/mL (p<0.05). In addition, the C3 was reduced by 30% (p<0.05) but C4 remained unchanged after IIR (0.1342±0.07 vs 0.1420±0.06, P>0.05). The apoptosis rate (15.4%±1.14%) of PMN was markedly reduced (3.5%±0.53%) following IIR (p<0.05) accompanied by increased contents of IL-1 and NF-κB. Moreover, CRP was also significantly elevated after IIR (4.33±1.13 mg/L vs 17.73±0.86 mg/L; p<0.01). Following IIR, complements are activated through the alternative pathway. Complement activation fragments can inhibit the apoptosis of PMN and elevate the expressions of acute phase inflammatory proteins including CRP and IL-1, which promotes the inflammation cascade and facilitates the occurrence of MODS.
The Past and Present of Paraoxonase Enzyme: Its Role in the Cardiovascular System and Some Diseases
Authors: Aydin Suleyman , Sahin İbrahim , Aydin Suna , Aksoy Aziz , Citil Cihan
Published: April 2012

The Past and Present of Paraoxonase Enzyme: Its Role in the Cardiovascular System and Some Diseases

Although paraoxonase is synthesized in many tissues including the heart, colon, kidneys, lungs, small intestines and brain, its major locus of synthesis is the liver. PON1 is in close association with apolipoproteins and protects LDL against oxidation. It was reported that PON1 quantities dropped to 40 times lower than normal in cardiovascular diseases and diseases like diabetes, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, chronic renal failure, SLE, Behcet's disease, cancer, hepatitis B, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Alzheimer's and dementia. It is speculated that the concerning decline in serum PON1 amount results from single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding (Q192R, L55M) and promoter (T-108C) sites of the PON1 gene. Additionally, circulating amounts of PON1 are affected by vitamins, antioxidants, fatty acids, dietary factors, drugs, age and lifestyle. This collection attempts to review and examine the past and present studies of paraoxonase and its relation with the cardiovascular system and some relevant diseases.
Uncertainty analysis of the kinetic model of natural gas combustion in IC Engine
Authors: Mansha M , Naqvi Javed
Published: April 2012

Uncertainty analysis of the kinetic model of natural gas combustion in IC Engine

The purpose of this analysis is to determine the uncertainties originating due to the kinetic parameters of the rate of a reaction proposed kinetic model. A kinetic model consisting of 208 reaction steps and 73 species was adopted for analysis. In the required uncertainty analysis, the accuracy of approximate models, generated by the Chemkin 4.1.1 for pollutant species, is determined. The reactions which contribute the uncertainty in the output concentrations of the pollutnats species formed in the combustion chamber were identified. The percentage contribution to the uncertainty in the output concentrations of pollutants were also determined.
Simulation and control of nanoparticle size distribution in a high temperature reactor
Authors: Sadiku-Agboola Oluranti , Kolesnikov Andrei , Sadiku Emmanuel
Published: April 2012

Simulation and control of nanoparticle size distribution in a high temperature reactor

This work focuses on the modeling, simulation and control of particle size distribution (PSD) during nanoparticle growth with the simultaneous chemical reaction, nucleation, condensation, coagulation and convective transport in a high temperature reactor. Firstly, a model known as population balance model was derived. This model describes the formation of particles via nucleation and growth. Mass and energy balances in the reactor were presented in order to study the effect of particle size distribution for each reaction mechanisms on the reactor dynamics, as well as the evolution of the concentrations of species and temperature of the continuous phase. The models were simulated to see whether the reduced population balance can be used to control the particle size distribution in the high temperature reactor. The simulation results from the above model demonstrated that the reduced population balance can be effectively used to control the PSD. The proposed method "which is the application of reduced population balance model" shows that there is some dependence of the average particle diameter on the wall temperature and the model can thus be used as a basis to synthesize a feedback controller where the manipulated variable is the wall temperature of the reactor and the control variable is the average particle diameter at the outlet of the reactor. The influence of disturbances on the average particle diameter was investigated and controlled to its new desired set point which is 1400nm using the proportional-integral-derivative controllers (PID controllers). The proposed model was used to control nanoparticle size distribution at the outlet of the reactor.
Removal of SO2 from gases on carbon materials
Authors: Narkiewicz Urszula , Pietrasz Anna , Pełech Iwona , Arabczyk Walerian
Published: April 2012

Removal of SO2 from gases on carbon materials

The aim of the work is to describe a capability of the active carbon CARBON L-2-4 (AC) and of the nanocarbon (NC) materials containing iron nanoparticles to continuously remove SO2 from air. The carbon nanomaterials (NC) containing iron nanoparticles were synthesised using a chemical vapor deposition method - through catalytic decomposition of ethylene on nanocrystalline iron.

The process of SO2 removal was carried out on dry and wet with water carbon catalyst (AC or NC) and was studied for inlet SO2 concentration 0.3 vol.% in the presence of O2, N2 and H2O, in the temperature range of 40-80°C.
The kinesthetic differentiation ability of table tennis players
Authors: Bańkosz Ziemowit
Published: April 2012

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between two groups of table tennis players (differing by their level of play) in terms of the kinesthetic differentiation ability of their so-called spatial component.

Methods

The study was conducted using a goniometer which assessed the accuracy of performing an arm movement, specifically, the pronation and supination of the forearm at the elbow. The study analyzed the accuracy rate of performing this movement, where a smaller value indicated a higher level of kinesthetic differentiation ability.

Results

In all four tasks, the more advanced (skill-wise) group of players obtained lower arithmetic mean and median values of accuracy than the group that played at a lower skill set. This may suggest the importance of the tested variable as an important component of table tennis. However, the tested groups did not significantly differ from each other in the accuracy of performing the studied movement. Nonetheless, the variability of the accuracy rate of the lower skill level group was considerably larger than the more advanced and skilled group.

Conclusions

It can be assumed that the more advanced group is more homogeneous in terms of accuracy production. This could be the result of specific training exercises.
Gender identity in female football players
Authors: Wiliński Wojciech
Published: April 2012

Purpose

The aim of this study was to define the relationship between gender identity, the perception of the body, depressiveness, and aggression in female football players who represent different levels of competence (playing in the premier league vs. second league) and seniority in sport.

Methods

Research was carried out on female football players (aged 16-31 years) playing in the premier league (N = 49) and second league (N = 45). Data were obtained with the use of: the Body Image Evaluation Questionnaire by Mandal, developed on the basis of Franzoi's concepts; Kuczyńska's Gender Assessment Inventory (IPP) adapted from the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), which diversifies individuals in terms of their gender identity in accordance to the Gender Schema Theory by Bem; the Beck Depression Inventory, translated by Lewicka and Czapiński; and the Buss-Durkee Inventory, adapted by Kosewski with comments from Stanik. To find a relationship between the mentioned variables, statistical analysis was carried out by use of ANOVA, the t test, the χ2 test and correlation coefficients.

Results

The obtained research results indicate that, among female football players, the following occurs: a predominance of androgynous gender identities and a deficiency of its other types, a higher level of masculinity than among non-training women, a more favorable perception of body-as-process, a higher evaluation of body-as-object, along with an increase of masculinity and a decrease in indirect aggression at higher competition levels.

Conclusions

The application of the masculinity dimension by female football players with androgynous gender identity is probably an effective strategy for survival in conditions that are unsuitable and gender-inappropriate in typical masculine sports.
Evaluation of the Growth of Trichoderma Pleurotum and Trichoderma Pleuroticola Isolates and Their Biotic Interaction with Pleurotus Sp.
Authors: Sobieralski Krzysztof , Siwulski Marek , Komon-Żelazowska Monika , Błaszczyk Lidia , Górski Romuald , Spiżewski Tomasz , Sas-Golak Iwona
Published: April 2012

Evaluation of the Growth ofTrichoderma PleurotumandTrichoderma PleuroticolaIsolates and Their Biotic Interaction withPleurotusSp.

Growth ofTrichoderma pleurotumandT. pleuroticolaisolates on the Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium was investigated.T. pleuroticolaisolates showed a significantly greater diameter of their mycelium colonies after 5 days of incubation than theT. pleurotumisolates. In addition, biotic interactions betweenT. pleurotumandT. pleuroticolaisolates and species ofPleurotussp. were determined. The following six species of oyster mushroom were used:P. florida, P. cornucopiae, P. pulmonarius, P. columbinus, P. ostreatusandP. eryngii. It was demonstrated that isolates of theT. pleuroticolaspecies limited the growth of the examined species of oyster mushroom to a much greater extent than the isolates of theT. pleurotumspecies.
The Effects of Rearfoot Position on Lower Limb Kinematics during Bilateral Squatting in Asymptomatic Individuals with a Pronated Foot Type
Authors: Power Valerie , Clifford Amanda
Published: April 2012

The Effects of Rearfoot Position on Lower Limb Kinematics during Bilateral Squatting in Asymptomatic Individuals with a Pronated Foot Type

Clinicians frequently assess movement performance during a bilateral squat to observe the biomechanical effects of foot orthotic prescription. However, the effects of rearfoot position on bilateral squat kinematics have not been established objectively to date. This study aims to investigate these effects in a population of healthy adults with a pronated foot type.

Ten healthy participants with a pronated foot type bilaterally (defined as a navicular drop >9mm) performed three squats in each of three conditions: barefoot, standing on 10mm shoe pitch platforms and standing on the platforms with foam wedges supporting the rearfoot in subtalar neutral. Kinematic data was recorded using a 3D motion analysis system. Between-conditions changes in peak joint angles attained were analysed.

Peak ankle dorsiflexion (p=0.0005) and hip abduction (p=0.024) were significantly reduced, while peak knee varus (p=0.028) and flexion (p=0.0005) were significantly increased during squatting in the subtalar neutral position compared to barefoot. Peak subtalar pronation decreased by 5.33° (SD 4.52°) when squatting on the platforms compared to barefoot (p=0.006), but no additional significant effects were noted in subtalar neutral.

Significant changes in lower limb kinematics may be observed during bilateral squatting when rearfoot alignment is altered. Shoe pitch alone may significantly reduce peak pronation during squatting in this population, but additional reductions were not observed in the subtalar neutral position. Further research investigating the effects of footwear and the subtalar neutral position in populations with lower limb pathology is required.
A Comparison of a Multi-body Model and 3D Kinematics and EMG of Double-leg Circle on Pommel Horse
Authors: Qian Jing-guang , Su Yang , Song Ya-wei , Qiang Ye , Zhang Songning
Published: April 2012

A Comparison of a Multi-body Model and 3D Kinematics and EMG of Double-leg Circle on Pommel Horse

The purpose of this study was to establish a multi-segment dynamic model in the LifeMOD to examine kinematics of the center of mass and foot, and muscle forces of selected upper extremity muslces during a double-leg circle (DLC) movement on pommel horse in gymnastics and compared with three-dimensional kinematics of the movement and surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity of the muscles. The DLC movement of one elite male gymnast was collected. The three-dimensional (3D) data was imported in the Lifemod to create a full-body human model. A 16-Channel surface electromyography system was used to collect sEMG signals of middle deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, latissimusdorsi, and pectoralis major. The 3D center of mass and foot displacement showed a good match with the computer simulated results. The muscle force estimations from the model during the four DLC phases were also generally supported by the integrated sEMG results, suggesting that the model was valid. A potential application of this model is to help identify shortcomings of athletes and help establish appropriate training plans errors in the DLC technique during training.
Determination of Maximal Oxygen Uptake Using the Bruce or a Novel Athlete-Led Protocol in a Mixed Population
Authors: Hamlin Michael , Draper Nick , Blackwell Gavin , Shearman Jeremy , Kimber Nicholas
Published: April 2012

Determination of Maximal Oxygen Uptake Using the Bruce or a Novel Athlete-Led Protocol in a Mixed Population

Treadmill tests for maximal oxygen uptake (
O2max) have traditionally used set speed and incline increments regardless of participants training or exercise background. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of a novel athlete-led protocol for determining maximal aerobic fitness in adults. Twenty-nine participants (21 male, 8 female, age 29.8 ± 9.5 y, BMI 24.4 ± 3.1, mean ± SD) from a variety of exercise backgrounds were asked to complete two maximal treadmill running tests (using the standard Bruce or a novel athlete-led protocol [ALP]) to volitional failure in a counter-balanced randomised cross-over trial one week apart. We found no substantial difference in maximal oxygen uptake (47.0 ± 9.1 and 46.8 ± 10.7 ml.kg-1.min-1, mean ± SD for the ALP and Bruce protocols respectively), evidenced by the Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.93 (90% confidence limits, 0.88-0.96). However, compared to the Bruce protocol, participants completing the ALP protocol attained a substantially higher maximal heart rate (ALP = 182.8 ± 10.5, Bruce = 179.7 ± 8.7 beats.min-1). Additionally, using the Bruce protocol took a longer period of time (23.2 ± 17.0 s) compared to the ALP protocol. It seems that using either treadmill protocol will give you similar maximal oxygen uptake results. We suggest the ALP protocol which is simpler, quicker and probably better at achieving maximal heart rates is a useful alternative to the traditional Bruce protocol.
Isokinetic Strength Responses to Season-long Training and Competition in Turkish Elite Soccer Players
Authors: Eniseler Niyazi , Şahan Çağatay , Vurgun Hikmet , Mavi Hasan
Published: April 2012

Isokinetic Strength Responses to Season-long Training and Competition in Turkish Elite Soccer Players

There are not enough studies that describe the isokinetic strength of professional soccer players at high angular velocities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the seasonal changes in isokinetic strength of Turkish professional soccer players (n=14) over the course of a 24-week soccer season. The isokinetic strength of players who underwent usual soccer training and weekly competition throughout the soccer season was assessed by means of the Biodex System 3 dynamometer with the knee attachment. The peak torque of knee extensor and flexor muscles were measured at angular velocities of 60°/s, 300°/s and 500°/s. Players were tested at the beginning and end of the competitive season. While the first- and second-test measurements did not show significant changes at 60°/s and 300°/s angular velocities, at the end of the training period, players' knee strength changed significantly at 500°/s angular velocities. In addition, the H/Q ratio improved significantly for the dominant as well as non-dominant leg at 500°/s. Significant bilateral strength improvements for knee flexors were also observed at 500°/s. The findings of this study suggest that usual daily soccer training (technical, tactical, power, strength, endurance, flexibility, etc.) and weekly competition might produce changes in knee strength at high angular velocities.
On the age of the Dej Tuff, Transylvanian Basin (Romania)
Authors: Szakács Alexandru , Pécskay Zoltán , Silye Lóránd , Balogh Kadosa , Vlad Daniela , Fülöp Alexandrina
Published: April 2012

On the age of the Dej Tuff, Transylvanian Basin (Romania)

The Dej Tuff is an important stratigraphic marker in the Transylvanian Basin. However, its Early Badenian age is known only on biostratigraphical grounds so far. A number of radiometric dating techniques including K-Ar, Ar-Ar and fission-track have been used in order to constrain more precisely its age, allowing the calibration of the Transylvanian Basin's evolutionary models. Although individual dating methods could not provide a unique, reliable and accurate radiometric age, comparison and evaluation of multiple methods gives 14.8-15.1 Ma as the most likely formation age of the Dej Tuff.
Incremental growth and mineralogy of Pannonian (Late Miocene) sciaenid otoliths: paleoecological implications
Authors: Kern Zoltán , Kázmér Miklós , Bosnakoff Mariann , Váczi Tamás , Bajnóczi Bernadett , Katona Lajos
Published: April 2012

Incremental growth and mineralogy of Pannonian (Late Miocene) sciaenid otoliths: paleoecological implications

Ontogenetic age and body dimensions were studied on three extremely well-preserved sciaenid fish otoliths from sublittoral marls of Lake Pannon from Doba, Bakony Mts, Hungary. Macroscopic and microscopic observations offered clear evidence for the preservation of the genuine structural characteristics, for instance the bipartite incremental features. Ontogenetic ages were assigned for the three specimens as 16, 7 and 6 years by counting the annuli of the sagittae. Analytical results prove that the original aragonitic mineralogy has been preserved making them, and probably other Late Miocene teleost fossils, suitable for future microchemical analysis to reconstruct the past physicochemical environment.
Whirlpool SoPC Implementation - Hardware/Software Co-Design Example
Authors: Krawczyk Kamil , Tomaszewicz Paweł , Rawski Mariusz
Published: April 2012

Whirlpool SoPC Implementation - Hardware/Software Co-Design Example

The aim of this work was to design a System on Programmable Chip (SoPC), that implements the Whirlpool Hash Function (WHF) algorithm. An assumption of the project was to use an embedded soft-processor NIOS II controlling the whole system, which functionality was extended by a custom logic in order to improve the used algorithm efficiency. This paper presents the Whirlpool Hash Function realized in several SoPC configurations, which differ in implementation complexity and performance.
N-Body Potential Interaction as a Cost Function in the Elastic Model for SANET Cloud Computing
Authors: Chaczko Zenon , Resconi Germano , Chiu Christopher , Aslanzadeh Shahrazad
Published: April 2012

N-Body Potential Interaction as a Cost Function in the Elastic Model for SANET Cloud Computing

Given a connection graph of entities that send and receive a flow of data controlled by effort and given the parameters, the metric tensor is computed that is in the elastic relational flow to effort. The metric tensor can be represented by the Hessian of the interaction potential. Now the interaction potential or cost function can be among two entities: 3 entities or ‘N’ entities and can be separated into two main parts. The first part is the repulsion potential the entities move further from the others to obtain minimum cost, the second part is the attraction potential for which the entities move near to others to obtain the minimum cost. For Pauli's model [1], the attraction potential is a functional set of parameters given from the environment (all the elements that have an influence in the module can be the attraction of one entity to another). Now the cost function can be created in a space of macro-variables or macro-states that is less of all possible variables. Any macro-variable collect a set of micro-variables or microstates. Now from the hessian of the macro-variables, the Hessian is computed of the micro-variables in the singular points as stable or unstable only by matrix calculus without any analytical computation - possible when the macro-states are distant among entities. Trivially, the same method can be obtained by a general definition of the macro-variable or macro-states and micro-states or variables. As cloud computing for Sensor-Actor Networks (SANETS) is based on the bonding concept for complex interrelated systems; the bond valence or couple corresponds to the minimum of the interaction potential V and in the SANET cloud as the minimum cost.
Synthesis and Implementation of Reconfigurable PLC on FPGA Platform
Authors: Milik Adam , Hrynkiewicz Edward
Published: April 2012

Synthesis and Implementation of Reconfigurable PLC on FPGA Platform

The paper presents a set of algorithms dedicated for synthesis of reconfigurable logic controllers implemented on FPGA platform and programmed according to IEC1131 and EN61131. The program is compiled to hardware structure with a massive parallel processing. The developed method automatically allocates resources and operations. It controls resource usage and operation timing. Using mixed concept of operation allocation that considers operation timing and forms combinatorial chains of operations number of execution cycles can be reduced. An example of logic functions, PID controller and mixed arithmetic and logic programming examples are considered. Introducing the automatic implementation method allows flexible implementing the control algorithms. The maximal possible parallelism (limited only by the algorithm dependencies and available resources) is introduced.
Studies of Neotropical Phasmatodea XII: Pseudophasma lakini sp. n. - a new stick insect from eastern Ecuador (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae: Pseudophasmatinae)
Authors: Conle Oskar , Hennemann Frank
Published: April 2012

Studies of Neotropical Phasmatodea XII: Pseudophasma lakini sp. n. - a new stick insect from eastern Ecuador (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae: Pseudophasmatinae)

Pseudophasma lakini sp. n., a remarkable new phasmid from the eastern Andean slopes of Ecuador (Province Napo) is described and illustrated (both sexes and eggs). The original specimens were collected by Curtis Lakin (U. K.) in 2008, after whom it is named. The new species differs from all other known representatives of Pseudophasma Kirby, 1896 by the distinctly lobed meso- and metafemora and the shape of the tegmina. The holotype is deposited in the State Zoological Collections Munich, Germany (ZSMC), and the paratypes in MNHN, BMNH and in the private collections of the authors (coll. OC and coll. FH).
Morphology of the first instar nymph of Leucaspis loewi Colvée (Hemiptera: Coccinea: Diaspididae)
Authors: Podsiadło Elżbieta , Mazurkiewicz Anna
Published: April 2012

Morphology of the first instar nymph of Leucaspis loewi Colvée (Hemiptera: Coccinea: Diaspididae)

The first instar nymph of Leucaspis loewi Colvée is redescribed and illustrated. The sex has not been determined. It has 5-segmented antennae, one trilocular disc pore associated with the anterior spiracle, one pair of well-developed lobes, and fimbriate plates on all abdominal segments. Tibia and tarsus are not fused - they are separated from each other by a septum. A campaniform sensillum is always present at the bases of the tarsi. Dorsal submedian setae are present on each abdominal segment 1-7.