bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Land-Based Employment Agencies as Modern Brokers: A Study on the Recruitment Strategies for Overseas Filipino Workers
Authors:   Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Iwayama Minami
Published: January 2025

This study is focused on identifying the recruitment practices of land-based employment agencies in the Philippines. It employed a qualitative research design, particularly the case study approach. Data collection techniques include key-informant interviews and in-depth interviews, with a total of 30 participants selected through chain referral sampling. Results showed three general types of recruitment strategies, namely: (1) Applicant initiated recruitment strategy; (2) Employment agency-initiated recruitment strategy; and (3) Government initiated recruitment strategy. For the applicant-initiated recruitment strategy, walk-in was the only identified recruitment practice. For the employment agency-initiated recruitment strategies, the common recruitment practices were computer mediated recruitment, print-related recruitment, location-based recruitment, and referral-dependent recruitment. Lastly, for the government initiated recruitment strategy, job fair was the common recruitment practice. The best utilized and least effective methods of recruitment by employment agencies for each worker category recruited were identified and discussed.
Interrogating Mao and Locating the Philippine Left’s Position within Mao’s Protracted War Theory: A Politico-Military Critique
Authors:   Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Valila J.R.
Published: January 2025

As the Mainstream Left continues to wage a ferocious civil war against the Philippine state for more than half a century since 1969, it is ironic that it now finds itself in a position of relative political stasis. Such a situation could be characterized by the Left’s inability to carry forward its revolution and advance militarily its forces to higher stages of its adopted strategy and tactics called the People’s Protracted War (PPW). There is certainly a myriad of causes of this stasis owing to the ideological, political, organizational, and military positions which the Left has taken as strategic and tactical responses to national and international challenges at certain historical junctures. Yet, one aspect that baffles independent Marxist thinkers and onlookers of the Left and even challenges them to undertake a cursory review— is it’s steadfast insistence on, and recalcitrance to review the validity and applicability of PPW in the Philippine revolution. The paper seeks to dissect PPW’s applicability to the Philippine concrete situation and navigate the readers on how the Left has applied this to its revolutionary struggle. Although the review is culled on a primarily military perspective contraposed with the Left’s fundamental founding documents, the results may offer some explanations on why the Left today is in a political impasse.
Personal Religious Practices of Christian Overseas Filipino Workers in an Islamic Host Country
Authors:   Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Iwayama Minami
Published: January 2025

This paper describes the personal religious practices of Christian Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) who are situated in an Islamic host country that prohibits non-Moslem religious practices. It also explores how Christian religious practices have evolved and adapted to circumvent religious persecution. Moreover, it discusses the functions that personal religious practices have for OFWs in the Islamic host country.

The study employed qualitative research methods. The researcher interviewed Christian OFWs who are: situated in the Islamic host country as contractual workers for the duration of the study or had previously worked in the Islamic host country and are residing either in another host country or the Philippines during the implementation of the study. Moreover, since the study is situated in an Islamic host country that not only prohibits non-Moslem religious practices but also prosecutes its violators, the said host country will not be named and shall be referred to as “the Islamic host” or “the Islamic host country” in the entire manuscript. The study made use of thematic analysis as a method of data analysis.

Results showed that in terms of private religious practices, OFWs have learned to adapt to the challenges posed by the laws of the Islamic host country. Since the said law prohibits any forms of Christian worship in public, most of them resorted to praying in seclusion (e.g. at night inside their bedroom or accommodation) to avoid getting caught. Also, given the fact that the Islamic host prohibits the entry of Christian religious materials, some participants have resorted to alternatives (e.g. using one’s fingers instead of a rosary) and virtual materials (e.g. online bible, e-books, online images of Jesus and Mary).

However, it was also found out in the study that some participants knowingly violate the laws of the Islamic host country by bringing with them prohibited religious materials that puts them at risk of receiving sanctions like deportation, lashing, or even death.

On the functions of private religious practices, it was found out that it helps the participants to cope while they are in the Islamic host country. Instead of being burdened with the idea that they are prohibited to conduct their religious practices, the participants of the study continued to conduct their religious practices privately. By doing so, they can: have more intimate relations with Him, know Him more, thank Him, and apologize to Him. These personal religious practices also eased the hardships that are being encountered by the study’s participants by having God as a source of guidance, comfort, inspiration, and protection. The conduct of personal religious practices in the Islamic host country as a continuation of the religious practices initially conducted in the Philippines also reminds them of home. Lastly, these personal religious practices also provide the study’s participants with a source of enjoyment and relaxation.
Filipinos’ Framed Faces: Comparative Study of the Filipino Stereotypes as Perceived by the Cebuano and Waray Students of an Agricultural State Universityin Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
Authors:   Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Liwanag Leslie Anne , Toring Romeo ,   Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan, Enaya Mary Grace ,   Visayas State University, Leyte, Philippines, Pedrera Hilda ,   Visayas State University, Leyte, Philippines, Tubigan Precious Elaine ,   Cebu Normal University
Published: January 2025

Visayas State University (VSU) is a leading agricultural state university in Eastern Visayas region of the Philippines. It is a multi-ethnic and multicultural institution where most of its student population belongs to two major ethnolinguistic groups, namely the Cebuano and Waray. This paper is a comparative study of the perception of these two ethnolinguistic groups about Filipino stereotypes using the modified Katz and Braly (1933) trait checklist. With the purpose of providing baseline data for ethnolinguistic stereotypes of a melting-pot institution in this specific region in the Philippines, the researchers hope that this study will eventually help build a more united population of VSU, citizens of the City of Baybay, and those living in the Province of Leyte (Toring et al., 2019). The ultimate aim of this paper is to preliminarily present some dimensions of ethnolinguistic stereotypes of Cebuano and Waray Leyteños, not in a sense of exposing the respondents or the University to social discrimination, but to suggest some aspects which can help cultural studies scholars and local studies centers in discerning the dynamics among the said ethnolinguistic groups. This paper is also significant in giving a benchmark paper that can be useful to other multicultural institutions and locations in the Philippines. This research sheds light on how students in the peripheral region of the archipelago participate in the crafting of the “Filipino” identity.
Diseño de una red de logística inversa de residuos de aluminio para la fabricación de partes y piezas usadas en la industria automotriz
Authors:   Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090514, Ecuador., Jurado Luis
Published: January 2025

Este estudio realiza el diseño de una red de logística inversa eficiente para la industria de piezas automotrices, evaluando la viabilidad del aluminio secundario en la industria automotriz en Ecuador. El proceso de gestión de producto en logística inversa en Ecuador busca reutilizar, reciclar o disponer adecuadamente productos desde su consumo hasta su origen. En el caso del aluminio secundario, a pesar de su potencial para reducir el impacto ambiental, el país enfrenta desafíos significativos. La industria de reciclaje en desarrollo tiene problemas como la falta de infraestructura, la organización ineficiente de la cadena de suministro, y sistemas de recolección fragmentados. La recolección fragmentada y la falta de sistemas integrados de gestión de residuos dificultan el flujo efectivo del aluminio secundario desde el consumidor hasta los centros de reciclaje. Como resultado las empresas del sector automotriz pueden disponer la obtención de mayor ganancia al reducir los costos de producción asociados con la adquisición de materiales nuevos.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF LEVATOR RESECTION BY ANTERIOR APPROACH WITH AND WITHOUT UPPER LID BLEPHAROPLASTY ON DRY EYE SYNDROME
Authors: Saad Muhammad , Khan Adnan Muhammad Abdul Moqeet , Mansoor Hassan , Hasan Naqvi Syed Ali , Tahir Faizan
Published: January 2025

Background: Dry eye disease is a multifactorial condition that significantly affects tear film homeostasis, resulting in ocular discomfort and surface damage. Surgical interventions like upper eyelid blepharoplasty, often performed for aesthetic and functional purposes, can disrupt the tear film, particularly when combined with levator resection. Understanding the impact of these procedures on dry eye parameters is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes, especially in populations predisposed to dry eye symptoms due to age or other risk factors.
Objective: To evaluate and compare the effects of upper eyelid blepharoplasty with levator resection versus levator resection alone on dry eye parameters, focusing on tear film stability and subjective symptoms.
Methods: This prospective study included 120 eyes from 120 patients diagnosed with acquired ptosis, equally divided into two groups: one undergoing upper eyelid blepharoplasty combined with levator resection and the other undergoing levator resection alone. Dry eye parameters, including tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer's test, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores, were assessed preoperatively, and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. The surgeries were performed under local anesthesia, and postoperative evaluations excluded the use of lubricants to ensure unbiased tear film assessments.
Results: In the blepharoplasty with levator resection group, the mean preoperative TBUT decreased from 15.27 ± 2.62 seconds to 14.32 ± 2.89 seconds at 1 month, followed by partial recovery to 14.87 ± 2.72 seconds at 3 months. Schirmer’s test values dropped from 14.88 ± 2.12 mm preoperatively to 13.87 ± 2.29 mm at 1 month, improving to 14.60 ± 2.13 mm at 3 months. The OSDI score increased from 48.05 ± 19.12 preoperatively to 48.95 ± 19.24 at 1 month and improved to 46.55 ± 19.13 at 3 months. In contrast, the levator resection alone group showed stable dry eye parameters, with preoperative TBUT, Schirmer’s test, and OSDI scores remaining consistent at 1 and 3 months.
Conclusion: Upper eyelid blepharoplasty with levator resection temporarily exacerbates dry eye symptoms and reduces tear film stability, with partial recovery by 3 months. Levator resection alone did not significantly impact dry eye parameters, underscoring the role of blepharoplasty-specific interventions in these changes. Proactive patient counseling and early postoperative management are essential for mitigating transient discomfort.
DETECCIÓN DEL SARS-CoV-2 Y DIAGNÓSTICO DE COVID-19: A MÁS DE 6 MESES DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE LA PANDEMIA
Authors: Hernandez Celsy , Garcés María Fátima , Hernández Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

La publicación de la secuenciación del genoma del SARS-CoV-2 el 10 de enero de 2020, permitió no solo investigar el origen y estudiar la evolución y propagación del virus, sino también sirvió de base para el desarrollo de pruebas específicas para la detección del agente infeccioso y el diagnóstico de COVID-19. Esta revisión pretende precisar las orientaciones emanadas de la OMS en relación a las pruebas de laboratorio para la detección del SARS-CoV-2 y diagnóstico de COVID-19, al cumplirse más de 6 meses luego de la declaración de pandemia por COVID-19, el 11 de marzo de 2020. De acuerdo con la OMS, hoy en día, las pruebas de diagnóstico de COVID-19 implican la detección del virus en sí (ARN viral o antígenos virales) o la detección de la respuesta inmune humana a la infección (anticuerpos u otros biomarcadores). Sin embargo, la confirmación estándar de infecciones por SARS-CoV-2 se basa en la detección de secuencias virales únicas por pruebas de amplificación de ácidos nucleicos (NAATs), como la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcripción reversa en tiempo real (rRT-PCR).
Understanding vulnerability in the context of climate change
Authors: Campins Eritja Mar , Bentirou Mathlouthi Rahma
Published: January 2025

Vulnerability is a large, ambiguous, undetermined, and increasingly relevant concept. It is a notion that engages jurists, philosophers, sociologists and ecologists, all of whom have tried to attribute to it a meaning, a content and a set of characteristics. Vulnerability is also reflected in all or almost all areas of our lives: we experience it in the humanitarian, health, economic and social crises that periodically and mercilessly afflict our societies, exacerbated by the fragility of natural systems and the growing climatic risks. The global climate situation has revealed not only a uniform vulnerability, but also a series of different and variable vulnerabilities that affect human beings, ecosystems, nature, planet, and human and non-human rights. This collective book, prepared by a number of academics from various legal disciplines, questions about the concept and substance of vulnerability, but also addresses its application, its manifestations, and above all its interaction with other concepts and principles already present or currently emerging in the area of Environmental Law. The aim, therefore, is to emphasize this notion as a common denominator of the underlying issues related to climate change in international, European, human rights and biodiversity law.
Problemas actuales del arbitraje internacional de inversiones
Authors: Sáenz de Jubera Higuero Beatriz
Published: January 2025

El derecho internacional de inversiones es una materia en auge que aun en nuestros días, salvo honrosas excepciones, no ha recibido el necesario tratamiento académico a través de estudios y análisis específicos doctrinales.

Dentro de esta materia, el fenómeno del arbitraje internacional de inversiones adquiere una importancia singular en el mundo contemporáneo, caracterizado por una red cada vez más tupida y entrelazada de convenios internacionales, que disponen esta vía especial de arreglo de disputas entre Estados soberanos e inversores extranjeros. Los trabajos que integran el presente volumen pretenden exponer una serie de análisis sobre problemas actuales del arbitraje internacional de inversiones, siguiendo un enfoque multidisciplinar que permita conocer a los juristas críticos en lengua española la situación actual de este arbitraje internacional especial, cuya relevancia es innegable, contribuyendo a la dinamización de la economía mundializada.
https://atelieropenaccess.com/products/separacion-de-poderes-y-reserva-de-ley-tributaria?_pos=1&_psq=Separaci%C3%B3n+de+poderes+y+reserva+de+Ley+tributaria&_ss=e&_v=1.0
Authors: García-Fresneda Gea Francisco
Published: January 2025

Esta obra, sobre la separación de poderes y la reserva de Ley tributaria, es el fruto de una investigación científica que parte de los conceptos de Ley y de reserva de Ley. Se tiene en cuenta la posición de la Ley en el sistema de normas españolas y la distinción entre el denominado principio de legalidad y la reserva de Ley. A continuación, se exponen los fundamentos históricos de la reserva de Ley tributaria desde la época medieval hasta el tiempo presente.

Posteriormente, se analizan los fundamentos teóricos de la separación de poderes a través de las principales aportaciones realizadas por los pensadores más destacados. Plantea, además, un análisis crítico con el que se deja constancia de la importancia del tema, ya que muchos de los graves problemas de la España actual están fuertemente vinculados con la ausencia de separación de poderes.

Ofrece, por último, diversas propuestas de mejora y otras ideas que, orientadas hacia un verdadero control del Estado, pueden resultar de utilidad e interés, tanto para su conocimiento como para el caso (improbable) de que exista voluntad política para llevarlas a cabo.
Avanços, Desafios e Perspectivas das Políticas Públicas na Promoção da Saúde Coletiva no Brasil
Authors: Lima Elaynne Jeyssa Alves
Published: January 2025

Esta obra surge como uma contribuição relevante para o entendimento das dinâmicas que envolvem a saúde coletiva no contexto brasileiro, oferecendo uma visão abrangente dos progressos alcançados, das barreiras persistentes e das oportunidades para aprimorar as políticas públicas de saúde. A promoção da saúde coletiva é um pilar fundamental para a melhoria da qualidade de vida e a redução das desigualdades sociais. Este livro reflete as conexões entre os diversos atores, áreas e contextos que compõem o sistema de saúde brasileiro, trazendo discussões atualizadas sobre estratégias de enfrentamento e desenvolvimento no cenário nacional. Organizado em capítulos temáticos, a obra reúne uma abordagem interdisciplinar e multifacetada sobre o tema, incluindo análises críticas, estudos de caso e propostas inovadoras.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Audio Visual Terhadap Perilaku Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajajaran PAI
Authors: Resa Anzela  , Umar Rosadi
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an influence of the use of audio-visual media on student learning behavior in PAI subjects. This study used a quantitative approach descriptive method, data collection techniques using questionnaires and observation. instrument Analysis (data validity and data reliability), Classical Assumption Test, namely: Data Normality Test, Data Linearity Test, Hesterokedasticity Test. And Statistical Analysis i.e. Simple Linear Regression Analysis, Correlation Coefficient Analysis, Descriptive Statistical Analysis and t-Test Hypothesis Testing. The results of this study show that the use of audio-visual media has a significant influence on student learning behavior. The use of audio-visual media obtained calculated t values = 2.230 > 2.035 = t table, and Sig. = 0.03 < 0.05 (5%), so Ho was rejected and H_a accepted. This means that the use of audio-visual media has a significant effect on student learning behavior
Peran Guru PAI Dalam Mengatasi Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Pada Pembelajaran PAI
Authors: Jaka Nugraha
Published: January 2025

This research was motivated by the learning difficulties of students in school. The purpose of this study was to find out what roles PAI teachers play in overcoming student learning difficulties in PAI learning. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Ciwidey with a qualitative approach descriptive method Data collection techniques using interviews, observations and documentation studies. The results of this study show that the learning difficulties experienced by students are low student interest in PAI subjects, there is no motivation in students to learn PAI material, lazy to study, skip school, difficult to understand the material, difficult to do assignments, low learning outcomes. The role of teachers in overcoming student learning difficulties is educators, teachers, and evaluators. The role of teachers is developed into 10 roles of EMASLIMDEF (Educator, Manager, Administrator, Supervisor, Leader, Innovator, Motivator, Dynamicator, Evaluator, Facilitator).
Pendekatan Realistic Mathematics Education Dalam Meningkatkan Ketuntasan Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Pembagian
Authors: Qori Fazriari  , Eliva Sukma Cipta  , Etep Rohana
Published: January 2025

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan ketuntasan belajar siswa pada materi pembagian bilangan asli. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Classroom Action Research dengan subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas II di salah satu MI di Kabupaten Bandung Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023. Pengambilan data diperoleh dengan metode tes untuk menentukan ketuntasan belajar siswa yang kemudian dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan realistic mathematics education dapat meningkatkan ketuntasan belajar siswa pada materi pembagian bilangan asli.
Pengaruh Penerapan Media Pembelajaran Video Animasi terhadap Minat Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Dini Dini Nur Apriyani , Imas Imas Masruroh , Nurhayati
Published: January 2025

This research aims to find out how students are interested in learning and whether or not there is influence of animated video learning media on students interest in learning Islamic religious education. The method used in this research is a quantitative method and the type of research is experimental research with a population of class descriptive statistical data analysis and inferential statistic data analysis techniques. The research result obtained the average value for students was 43.68 and after the application of the animated video media the average value was 48.77. Base on the hypothesis used the paired sample t-test, is show that the significant value of the Sig value is 0.000-0.05, then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there's an influence of the application of animated video learning media on student learning habits in learning religious education character in class X at SMA KP 1 PASEH.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media E-Learning Terhadap Kedisiplinan Siswa dalam Mata Pelajaran PABP Kelas VII di SMP Negeri 1 Ciwidey
Authors: Yusniar Puji Astuti
Published: January 2025

The objectives of this study are 1) To determine the use of E-learning media in class VII in PABP (Religious Education and Character Education) subjects at SMPN 1 Ciwidey. 2) To determine the discipline of class VII students in PABP subjects at SMPN 1 Ciwidey. 3) To determine the effect of using E-learning media on the discipline of class VII students in PABP subjects at SMPN 1 Ciwidey. The approach used in this study uses a quantitative approach. The method used in this research is descriptive method. The results in this study are, 1) the results of descriptive statistical testing of E-learning media get an average result of 45.62% with the most answers being "S" (agree). 2) the results of the descriptive statistical test of students' discipline got an average result of 40.17% with the most answers being "S" (agree). 3) In the E-learning media, the value of t count = 4.050 > 1.997 = t table, and Sig. = 0.000 < 0.05 (5%), so Ho is rejected. This means that E-learning media has a significant effect on student discipline. . The regression equation that connects the variables X with Y is y = 0.523x + 16,292, which means that the E-learning media has a positive effect on student discipline. This can be seen from the coefficient X =0.235 which is positive. Based on the analysis conducted, the E-leaning media has a positive effect on student discipline. Then the effect of E-learning media on student discipline is 20.4% (not good).
Investigating Students’ Attitudes Toward Writing Assignments Through Social Media E-Portfolio
Authors: Riki Ruswandi  , Wahyu Satya Gumelar  , Rifqi Rayhani
Published: January 2025

As technology progresses rapidly, e-portfolio have been utilized by teachers to hone their students’ language skills. Social media is a viable option as a platform for e-portfolio since it has been a part of people’s daily life and learning. It allows students to compile and share their work publicly and they are accustomed to it. It is a great place to learn writing as well. This research focuses on revealing the utilization of weblog-based social media e-portfolio and investigatInstagramnts’ attitudes toward e-portfolio on social media (Instagram), along with finding out the circumstances behind their attitudes. The participants of this study were the students of XI IPA 1 class of SMA Istiqamah Bandung academic year 2022/2023. They were assigned to a personal letter-writing task and interviewed. This qualitative case study aims to discover the students’ attitudes toward writing assignment portfolios in social media since attitude in language learning yields a deciding factor of whether students are going to get engaged in the process or not. The data were collected through an interview, teacher’s field notes, and the collection of the students’ writings. The data is then analyzed through the organization of data, data exploration and coding, data description, findings report, findings interpretation, and validation. The results indicated that students held positive attitudes toward it although not in every category of each attitude aspect. Students expected improvement and managed to be positively engaged in the learning process.
Policy Analysis of Student Final Projects Presented as Scientific Articles
Authors: M Aditya Firdaus  , Qiqi Yuliati Zaqiah
Published: January 2025

This study aims to discuss policy analysis, position, objectives, forms and assessment of the final project in the form of scientific articles as the final project in obtaining a bachelor's degree at the faculty of agama Islamic Nusantara Islamic University. This research applies a qualitative approach with descriptive methods and content analysis. The results and discussion of the research show that the form of the final project at the Islamic religious faculty is divided into theses and scientific articles. Students are declared to have passed scientific articles if they have received an LOA letter of acceptance from a reputable journal called SINTA and are heard in the munaqosah trial. This research concludes that students' interest in choosing the final project in the form of scientific articles is not due to the choice of convenience, but rather more essential including identity, recognition, and appreciation. This research concludes that it is not appropriate to think that writing scientific articles is easier, but all students can certainly present it based on the foundation of integrity. So this study recommends findings to policymakers for consideration of continuing alternative final projects
Prawna ochrona konsumenta w sieci na przykładzie zagadnienia darmowych usług platform internetowych
Authors:   Wydział Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Małobęcka Iga
Published: January 2025

Globalne platformy internetowe, takie jak Google, Facebook, Amazon czy Linkedin, coraz częściej oferują konsumentom bezpłatne usługi. Usługi takie jednak tylko pozornie są darmowe, konsument płaci bowiem za korzystanie z nich swoimi danymi. Problem takich pozornie darmowych usług polega m.in. na braku rzetelnej i pełnej informacji o wszystkich elementach umowy oraz wprowadzaniu konsumenta w błąd, co do rzeczywistej odpłatności usług i dalszego wykorzystania jego danych przez platformę internetową oraz inne podmioty. Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza możliwych kwalifi kacji prawnych wskazanych praktyk platform internetowych oraz prawnych metod ochrony konsumenta przed takimi praktykami. Wskazano możliwe rozwiązania prawne, dostępne na gruncie prawa polskiego, w tym prawa ochrony konsumentów, danych osobowych oraz konkurencji. Zaproponowano również zmianę dotychczasowego podejścia do omawianych praktyk platform internetowych i przedstawiono alternatywne rozwiązanie, oparte na współpracy krajowych i unijnych urzędów i instytucji.
Prawa pasażerów autobusów i autokarów jako warunek rozwoju transportu w UE
Authors:   Doktorantka na Wydziale Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Sobusiak Agata
Published: January 2025

Artykuł prezentuje najważniejsze założenia rozporządzenia nr 181/2011 z dnia 16 lutego 2011 r. dotyczącego praw pasażerów w transporcie autobusowym i autokarowym. Dokonuje ich analizy w kontekście idei rozwoju zrównoważonego transportu w UE. Praca zawiera charakterystykę sektora transportu autokarowego i autobusowego oraz wskazuje czynniki przesądzające o sposobie jego rozwoju.
Postępowanie grupowe w sprawach konsumenckich przeciwko przewoźnikom na przykładzie sporów w Stanach Zjednoczonych i Unii Europejskiej
Authors:   Doktorantka w Katedrze Prawa Cywilnego Wydziału Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, Misiak Hanna
Published: January 2025

Postępowanie grupowe wywodzi się z tradycji anglosaskiej, jednak w ostatnich latach pojawiło się ono w porządkach prawnych państw Europy kontynentalnej. W Stanach Zjednoczonych omawiana instytucja stanowi sprawdzony i skuteczny sposób dochodzenia roszczeń konsumenckich przez pasażerów wobec przewoźnika. Na efektywność postępowania grupowego w analogicznym zakresie w Polsce oraz w innych państwach Unii Europejskiej będzie miało wpływ ustalenie linii orzeczniczej oraz współpraca poszczególnych państw członkowskich.
Mirar por la herida. El giro fotográfico de la denuncia desde la dictadura militar a la Revuelta Popular del en Chile
Authors: Shuffer Cynthia Pamela
Published: January 2025

Es posible observar una continuidad en la violencia dirigida en contra de quienes buscaron desafiar al régimen dictatorial chileno a través de imágenes fotográficas y los que experimentaron una brutal represión durante la Revuelta Popular de octubre del 2019 al intentar documentar los crímenes y violaciones a los derechos humanos que se perpetraron durante esos días en el país. Si bien se trata de contextos con diferencias significativas, estas represalias fueron sistemáticas en cada uno de los escenarios políticos propuestos para este análisis: las y los fotógrafos fueron perseguidos, golpeados, torturados, mutilados, asesinados e incluso desaparecidos, además de sufrir la destrucción de su material y equipos fotográficos y velado de sus negativos. Este artículo explora las estrategias de sobrevivencia de las imágenes ante el giro fotográfico de la denuncia y la violencia sufrida por estos grupos que registran sus contextos históricos específicos.
Nostalgia, ideología y simbología franquista en ROJO: A Spanish Horror Experience
Authors: Rebollo-Bueno Sara , Campos-Méndez Antonio Francisco
Published: January 2025

En un contexto social, político, económico y cultural marcado por una concatenación de crisis y la polarización ciudadana, España se enfrenta al ascenso de la derecha radical y con él al recuerdo y la nostalgia de la dictadura franquista. Ante esto, y conociendo que los videojuegos son instrumentos de transmisión deideologías, el objetivo principal de este trabajo es relacionar el contexto político, social e ideológico del país con videojuegos contemporáneos que tratan la memoria histórica, en concreto, ROJO: A Spanish Horror Expe-rience. Este es un videojuego de terror que transporta al jugador a la casa de un nostálgico franquista, el cual decide torturar y asesinar a izquierdistas. A través de una entrevista al creador y un análisis crítico del discurso, el trabajo muestra cómo el videojuego refleja el resurgir de la derecha radical y cómo las españoladas se posicionan como importantes símbolos para contextualizar el pasado y el presente político del país. Así, ROJO se erige como un videojuego de terror que utiliza la sátira para enviar un mensaje antifascista, utilizando símbolos que, hoy día, son parte de la imagen de partidos como Vox, pues los usan para su propia identificación.
Cartografías visuales: habitar y transformar el territorio desde el cuidado
Authors: Martins Inés
Published: January 2025

Las cartografías visuales son herramientas que trascienden la representación espacial para convertirse en prácticas reflexivas y transformadoras. Vinculadas a perspectivas feministas, invitan a reinterpretar los territorios como espacios de cuidado, resistencia y colaboración. Este artículo explora cómo estas metodologías integran elementos visuales, colectivos y críticos, cuestionando narrativas dominantes y proponiendo nuevas formas de habitar. A partir de la filosofía de Martin Heidegger, se reflexiona sobre el habitar como un acto de cuidado, construyendo comunidades más justas e inclusivas.
Discovery of a heparan sulfate binding domain in monkeypox virus H3 as an anti-poxviral drug target combining AI and MD simulations
Authors: Zheng Bin , Duan Meimei , Huang Yifen , Wang Shangchen , Qiu Jun , Lu Zhuojian , Liu Lichao , Tang Guojin , Cheng Lin , Zheng Peng
Published: January 2025

Viral adhesion to host cells is a critical step in infection for many viruses, including monkeypox virus (MPXV). In MPXV, the H3 protein mediates viral adhesion through its interaction with heparan sulfate (HS), yet the structural details of this interaction have remained elusive. Using AI-based structural prediction tools and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we identified a novel, positively charged α-helical domain in H3 that is essential for HS binding. This conserved domain, found across orthopoxviruses, was experimentally validated and shown to be critical for viral adhesion, making it an ideal target for antiviral drug development. Targeting this domain, we designed a protein inhibitor, which disrupted the H3-HS interaction, inhibited viral infection in vitro and viral replication in vivo, offering a promising antiviral candidate. Our findings reveal a novel therapeutic target of MPXV, demonstrating the potential of combination of AI-driven methods and MD simulations to accelerate antiviral drug discovery.
Simultaneous polyclonal antibody sequencing and epitope mapping by cryo electron microscopy and mass spectrometry – a perspective
Authors: Schulte Douwe , Šiborová Marta , Käll Lukas , Snijder Joost
Published: January 2025

Antibodies are a major component of adaptive immunity against invading pathogens. Here we explore possibilities for an analytical approach to characterize the antigen-specific antibody repertoire directly from the secreted proteins in convalescent serum. This approach aims to perform simultaneous antibody sequencing and epitope mapping using a combination of single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) and bottom-up proteomics techniques based on mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We evaluate the performance of the deep-learning tool ModelAngelo in determining
de novo
antibody sequences directly from reconstructed 3D volumes of antibody-antigen complexes. We demonstrate that while map quality is a critical bottleneck, it is possible to sequence antibody variable domains from cryoEM reconstructions with accuracies of up to 80-90%. While the rate of errors exceeds the typical levels of somatic hypermutation, we show that the ModelAngelo-derived sequences can be used to assign the used V-genes. This provides a functional guide to assemble
de novo
peptides from LC-MS/MS data more accurately and improves the tolerance to a background of polyclonal antibody sequences. Following this proof-of-principle, we discuss the feasibility and future directions of this approach to characterize antigen-specific antibody repertoires.
Outer hair cells stir cochlear fluids
Authors: Lee Choongheon , Shokrian Mohammad , Henry Kenneth S , Carney Laurel H , Holt J Christopher , Nam Jong-Hoon
Published: January 2025

We hypothesized that active outer hair cells drive cochlear fluid circulation. The hypothesis was tested by delivering the neurotoxin, kainic acid, to the intact round window of young gerbil cochleae while monitoring auditory responses in the cochlear nucleus. Sounds presented at a modest level significantly expedited kainic acid delivery. When outer-hair-cell motility was suppressed by salicylate, the facilitation effect was compromised. A low-frequency tone was more effective than broadband noise, especially for drug delivery to apical locations. Computational model simulations provided the physical basis for our observation, which incorporated solute diffusion, fluid advection, fluid–structure interaction, and outer-hair-cell motility. Active outer hair cells deformed the organ of Corti like a peristaltic tube to generate apically streaming flows along the tunnel of Corti and basally streaming flows along the scala tympani. Our measurements and simulations coherently suggest that active outer hair cells in the tail region of cochlear traveling waves drive cochlear fluid circulation.
Functionally Important Residues from Graph Analysis of Coevolved Dynamic couplings
Authors: Xu Manming , Dantu Sarath Chandra , Garnett James A , Bonomo Robert A , Pandini Alessandro , Haider Shozeb
Published: January 2025

The relationship between protein dynamics and function is essential for understanding biological processes and developing effective therapeutics. Functional sites within proteins are critical for activities such as substrate binding, catalysis, and structural changes. Existing computational methods for the predictions of functional residues are trained on sequence, structural and experimental data, but they do not explicitly model the influence of evolution on protein dynamics. This overlooked contribution is essential as it is known that evolution can fine tune protein dynamics through compensatory mutations, either to improve the proteins’ performance or diversify its function while maintaining the same structural scaffold. To model this critical contribution, we introduce DyNoPy, a computational method that combines residue coevolution analysis with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, revealing hidden correlations between functional sites. DyNoPy constructs a graph model of residue-residue interactions, identifies communities of key residue groups and annotates critical sites based on their roles. By leveraging the concept of coevolved dynamical couplings—residue pairs with critical dynamical interactions that have been preserved during evolution—DyNoPy offers a powerful method for predicting and analysing protein evolution and dynamics. We demonstrate the effectiveness of DyNoPy on SHV-1 and PDC-3, chromosomally encoded β-lactamases linked to antibiotic resistance, highlighting its potential to inform drug design and address pressing healthcare challenges.
Teichoic acids in the periplasm and cell envelope of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Nguyen Mai , Bauda Elda , Boyat Célia , Laguri Cédric , Freton Céline , Chouquet Anne , Gallet Benoit , Baudoin Morgane , Wong Yung-Sing , Grangeasse Christophe , Moriscot Christine , Durmort Claire , Zapun André , Morlot Cecile
Published: January 2025

Teichoic acids (TA) are linear phospho-saccharidic polymers and important constituents of the cell envelope of Gram-positive bacteria, either bound to the peptidoglycan as wall teichoic acids (WTA) or to the membrane as lipoteichoic acids (LTA). The chemical composition of TA varies greatly but the presence of both WTA and LTA is highly conserved, hinting at an underlying fundamental function that is distinct from their numerous specific roles in diverse organisms. We report here the observation of a periplasmic space in the Gram-positive
Streptococcus pneumoniae
by cryo-electron microscopy of vitreous section. The thickness and appearance of this region change upon deletion of genes involved in the attachment of teichoic acids, supporting the role of TA in the maintenance of a periplasmic space in Gram-positive bacteria as their main universal function. Consequences of these mutations were further examined by super-resolved microscopy (dSTORM), following metabolic and fluorophore coupling by click-chemistry in pulse and pulse-chase experiments. This novel labeling method also enabled the titration the actual amount of TA per cell and to determine the ratio of WTA to LTA, to follow the change of TA length during growth phases, and to discover that a mutant devoid of LTA accumulates the membrane-bound TA precursor, that may compensate the absence of LTA. Most importantly, the possibility to follow TA during cell fractionation led to the discovery that LTA containing membranes sediment at low centrifugal forces, allowing easy separation.
Target-agnostic identification of human antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum sexual forms reveals cross-stage recognition of glutamate-rich repeats
Authors: Amen Axelle , Yoo Randy , Fabra-García Amanda , Bolscher Judith , Stone William JR , Bally Isabelle , Dergan-Dylon Sebastián , Kucharska Iga , de Jong Roos M , de Bruijni Marloes , Bousema Teun , King C Richter , MacGill Randall S , Sauerwein Robert W , Julien Jean-Philippe , Poignard Pascal , Jore Matthijs M
Published: January 2025

Circulating sexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) can be transmitted from humans to mosquitoes, thereby furthering the spread of malaria in the population. It is well established that antibodies can efficiently block parasite transmission. In search for naturally acquired antibodies targets on sexual stages, we established an efficient method for target-agnostic single B cell activation followed by high-throughput selection of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reactive to sexual stages of Pf in the form of gametes and gametocyte extracts. We isolated mAbs reactive against a range of Pf proteins including well-established targets Pfs48/45 and Pfs230. One mAb, B1E11K, was cross-reactive to various proteins containing glutamate-rich repetitive elements expressed at different stages of the parasite life cycle. A crystal structure of two B1E11K Fab domains in complex with its main antigen, RESA, expressed on asexual blood stages, showed binding of B1E11K to a repeating epitope motif in a head-to-head conformation engaging in affinity-matured homotypic interactions. Thus, this mode of recognition of Pf proteins, previously described only for Pf circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP), extends to other repeats expressed across various stages. The findings augment our understanding of immune-pathogen interactions to repeating elements of the Plasmodium parasite proteome and underscore the potential of the novel mAb identification method used to provide new insights into the natural humoral immune response against Pf.
Temporal drivers of abundance and community structure of scyphozoan jellyfish in tropical coastal waters
Authors: Syazwan Wan Mohd , Then Amy Yee-Hui , Chong Ving Ching , Rizman-Idid Mohammed
Published: January 2025

Population blooms of scyphozoan jellyfish in tropical shallow water regions can fuel localized fisheries but also negatively impact human welfare. However, there is a lack of baseline ecological data regarding the scyphozoans in the region, which could be used to manage a fast-growing fishery and mitigate potential impacts. Thus, this study aims to investigate the temporal factors driving the distribution of scyphozoan community along the environmental gradients under different monsoon seasons, rainfall periods, moon phases, and diel-tidal conditions in the Klang Strait located in the central region along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, where bloom events are increasing. Scyphozoan samples were collected using commercial bag nets during a 19-month survey. Temporal variations in species abundance and composition were evident and related to the local environmental parameters (salinity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, turbidity, and pH) that varied with the regional monsoon events, although these effects appeared to be species-specific. Phyllorhiza punctata, Acromitus flagellatus, Lychnorhiza malayensis, and Rhopilema esculentum were more abundant during the wetter northeast monsoon (NEM) while the abundance of Chrysaora chinensis and Lobonemoides robustus increased during the drier southwest monsoon (SWM). During the wet period of NEM, scyphozoan abundance was generally higher during the daytime than night-time. The regional monsoon regime and local hydrological events account for jellyfish abundance in the nearshore area with concurrent threats to coastal tourism and power plants, as well as benefits to fisheries especially during the NEM.
Predictors of county-level diabetes-related mortality risks in Florida, USA: a retrospective ecological study
Authors: Deb Nath Nirmalendu , Odoi Agricola
Published: January 2025

Background

Diabetes is an increasingly important public health problem due to its socioeconomic impact, high morbidity, and mortality. Although there is evidence of increasing diabetes-related deaths over the last ten years, little is known about the population level predictors of diabetes-related mortality risks (DRMR) in Florida. Identifying these predictors is important for guiding control programs geared at reducing the diabetes burden and improving population health. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify geographic disparities and predictors of county-level DRMR in Florida.

Methods

The 2019 mortality data for the state of Florida were obtained from the Florida Department of Health. The 10th International Classification of Disease codes E10-E14 were used to identify diabetes-related deaths which were then aggregated to the county-level. County-level DRMR were computed and presented as number of deaths per 100,000 persons. Geographic distribution of DRMR were displayed in choropleth maps and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model was used to identify county-level predictors of DRMR.

Results

There was a total 6,078 diabetes-related deaths in Florida during the study time period. County-level DRMR ranged from 9.6 to 75.6 per 100,000 persons. High mortality risks were observed in the northern, central, and southcentral parts of the state. Relatively higher mortality risks were identified in rural counties compared to their urban counterparts. Significantly high county-level DRMR were observed in counties with high percentages of the population that were: 65 year and older (p < 0.001), current smokers (p = 0.032), and insufficiently physically active (p = 0.036). Additionally, percentage of households without vehicles (p = 0.022) and percentage of population with diabetes (p < 0.001) were significant predictors of DRMR.

Conclusion

Geographic disparities of DRMR exist in Florida, with high risks being observed in northern, central, and southcentral counties of the state. The study identified county-level predictors of these identified DRMR disparities in Florida. The findings are useful in guiding health professionals to better target intervention efforts.
Three new species of the family Idyanthidae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from sublittoral zones around the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Kim Jong Guk , Cho Kyuhee , Lee Jimin
Published: January 2025

There are few taxonomic studies of the harpacticoid family Idyanthidae Lang, 1944 in the Pacific Ocean. As a first report of the family in this region, one species of the monotypic genus Idyellopsis Lang, 1948 and two species of the genus Idyella Sars, 1905 are described from sublittoral habitats around the Korean Peninsula. Idyellopsis orientalis sp. nov. is distinguished from the type and only species of the genus, Idyellopsis typica Lang, 1948, in the length:width ratio of the body and genital double-somite, length of caudal seta I, and structure of the female P5 baseoendopod. Idyella dolichi sp. nov. and Idyella exochos sp. nov. share the armature of the female P5 exopod with four setae with Idyella exigua Sars, 1905, Idyella major Sars, 1920, and Idyella pallidula Sars, 1905. However, the two new species differ from the three European species in the armature of the terminal segment of the P1 endopod and female P5 baseoendopod, and in the shape of the genital double-somite. The male of Idyella dolichi sp. nov. also has two distinct features: the distal two segments of the P2 endopod are completely fused, and the third segment of the antennule has a prominent outer projection. The geographical distribution of Idyellopsis and Idyella is extended by the discovery of three new species in Korean waters. We also discuss a possible phylogenetic relationship among members of family Idyanthidae at genus level.