bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MULTIPLICATION OF DICTIONARY USES IN THE AGE OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors: AL-KADI Abdu , ALI Jamal Kaid Mohammed
Published: December 2023

In academia, dictionaries have become a daily commodity beyond the common yet relevant uses of spelling and meaning checks. Relying on data collected from 107 EFL learners through an opinion poll in the Saudi context, this paper investigated how such learners utilize dictionaries in their English program during their university studies. Findings showed that learners use electronic and paper-based dictionaries for limited purposes beyond the spelling and meaning check. Besides surveying the dictionary type (online and paper-based), the study argues for some uses on a broader approach rather than spelling words and their meanings. It construed dictionaries as special tutors that help second language learners develop a multitude of skills, including spelling, vocabulary, grammatical usage, pronunciation, and semantic features of the target language, e.g., synonyms, antonyms, polysemy, collocations, and the like. The study theorizes the dictionary not as an add-on but as an essential language learning source of English language programs tailored to dictionary-based tasks across the curriculum to respond to sustainable language education.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TECHNOLOGICAL COMPONENTS AND INVENTIVE SKILLS AMONG MALAY LANGUAGE TEACHERS
Authors: AHMAD KUSAINI Ezwafahmey , MAHAMOD Zamri , WAN MOHAMMAD Wan Muna Ruzanna
Published: December 2023

Technology use in classroom can improve teachers’ ability to deliver effective and

relevant content. Teachers should be more prepared to apply technology to ensure that

students will have more fun and have a high interest in continuing to learn in the era of

globalisation which is based on the use of these information communication technology

elements in the classroom during the teaching and facilitation process. This study

identifies the relationship between technological knowledge, technological content

knowledge, technological pedagogical knowledge, technological pedagogical content

knowledge, and inventive skills for teachers. A total of 400 questionnaires were

distributed to teachers who taught Malay language subjects in secondary schools in

Malaysia. To test the hypothesis, the structural equation using the PLS-SEM framework

was used. The results showed that technological knowledge, technological content

knowledge, technological pedagogical knowledge, and technological pedagogical content

knowledge have a positive relationship with inventive skills for teachers.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VOCABULARY ACQUISITION AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AMONG MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: SUBON Frankie , UNIN Norseha
Published: December 2023

This paper explores the vocabulary acquisition of 143 middle school students from an East

Malaysian school, examining its correlation with gender, attitudes, and perceived

problems faced in vocabulary learning. Using the Contextualised Word Family

(CONTEXTUALISED WORD FAMILY) model, the study tested the effectiveness of explicit

vocabulary instruction over 30 sessions. The study utilised a one-group pretest-posttest

design, measuring the learners’ vocabulary size through the Productive Vocabulary Levels

Test (PVLT) and a questionnaire. The results showed an increase in vocabulary size with

no significant difference based on gender, a very weak negative correlation with attitudes

towards vocabulary learning, and mostly weak positive but significant relationships with

three of the learners’ perceived problems faced in vocabulary learning. This study

provides some important pedagogical implications for teacher practice and

recommendations for future research.
Nurses’ Experience using Electronic Health Record: A qualitative study
Authors: Kurniawan Moh Heri
Published: December 2023

Background: Sharing information about nursing perception on the EHR is important. Nursing is a high utilizer of the EHR and without accurate and complete information in the EHR, patient safety risks increase. Aim: The objectives of this article was to explore nurses’ experience using Electronic Health Record (EHR). Method: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 nurses in Jakarta hospital. Nurses were recruited from the inpatient room. The study was analyzed using Colaizzi's method of thematic analysis. Results: Nurses using EHRs in the inpatient room through the following items: 1) Data Processes; 2) barriers using EHR; and 3) nurse communication. Conclusion: Nurses are aware of the significance and standards of checking patient data, but their commitment is mitigated by some considerations including need or risk evaluation, the effect on their patient relationship, and hospital climate policies that protect the privacy of patients.
Pengaruh Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Ruangan terhadap Implementasi Komunikasi Efektif oleh Perawat Pelaksana
Authors: Pandie Fance Roynaldo , Riti Irlin Falde
Published: December 2023

Salah satu penyebab masalah keselamatan pasien adalah tidak optimalnya penerapan SOP komunikasi efektif oleh perawat. Padahal kepala ruangan sebagai first line manager memiliki peran penting dalam penerapan komunikasi efektif melalui gaya kepemimpinan transformasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pelatihan kepemimpinan transformasional kepala ruangan terhadap implementasi komunikasi efektif oleh perawat pelaksana. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan pra-eksperimen dengan pendekatan one group pretest post-test design. Besar sampel dalam penelitian sebanyak 197 perawat yang dipilih dengan teknik non-probability sampling, yaitu convenience sampling. Kuesioner dengan 20 pertanyaan digunakan untuk mengukur persepsi perawat tentang gaya kepemimpinan transformasional dalam penerapan komunikasi efektif. Hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara implementasi komunikasi efektif sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pelatihan kepemimpinan transformasional (p value <0,001). Ada pengaruh pelatihan kepemimpinan transformasional kepala ruangan terhadap pelaksanaan komunikasi efektif oleh perawat. Gaya kepemimpinan transformasiona dapat diterapkan untuk meminimalisir kesalahan dalam penerapan SOP komunikasi efektif.
Do the rich ditch traditional politics? Evidence from Sweden
Authors: Brännlund Anton , Ahlskog Rafael
Published: December 2023

The world has seen a massive increase in wealth and wealth inequality over the last decades. Given the skew in policy making towards the preferences of the wealthy, this raises the question of how individual wealth affects political participation. Approaching this question empirically is complicated by the fact that random variation in wealth is rare, and many factors that can bias the estimation of the relationship between wealth and participation are difficult to measure. We address the question using a Swedish discordant identical twin design with a) register-based wealth data, b) validated election turnout for multiple elections, and c) self-reported civic participation measures. This design allows us to rule out all shared confounders, such as genetics, family background and socialization, and shared networks. We find that even though wealthy individuals descriptively vote more often, the causal effect of wealth is probably zero, and may for civic participation even be negative.
Evaluation of peripheral basophil activation during exercise provocation test for desensitized patients
Authors: Kunizaki Jun , Sugiura Shiro , Sakai Akira , Teshigawara Miyuki , Makino Atsushi , Takasato Yoshihiro , Matsui Teruaki , Kondo Yasuto , Ito Komei
Published: December 2023

Some food allergic patients who have undergone oral immunotherapy develop exercise-induced allergic reactions on desensitization (EIARDs). This study investigated basophil activation status during the exercise provocation test (EPT) performed to diagnose EIARD. EPT was performed on 20 participants, and in vivo basophil activation status was analyzed using activation markers CD203c and CD63. The results showed that there was no significant difference between EPT-positive and negative subjects for basophil activation status throughout EPT. Consequently, in vivo basophil activation after ingestion of the causative food may not be associated with EIARDs. New tests are desired for predicting EIARDs.
Marine biodegradation of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate] elastic fibers in seawater: dependence of decomposition rate on highly ordered structure
Authors: Omura Taku , Tsujimoto Sakura , Kimura Satoshi , Maehara Akira , Kabe Taizo , Iwata Tadahisa
Published: December 2023

Here, we report the marine degradability of polymers with highly ordered structures in natural environmental water using microbial degradation and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) tests. Three types of elastic fibers (non-porous as-spun, non-porous drawn, and porous drawn) with different highly ordered structures were prepared using poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-16 mol%-4-hydroxybutyrate] [P(3HB-co-16 mol%-4HB)], a well-known polyhydroxyalkanoate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated that microorganisms attached to the fiber surface within several days of testing and degraded the fiber without causing physical disintegration. The results of BOD tests revealed that more than 80% of P(3HB-co-16 mol%-4HB) was degraded by microorganisms in the ocean. The plastisphere was composed of a wide variety of microorganisms, and the microorganisms accumulated on the fiber surfaces differed from those in the biofilms. The microbial degradation rate increased as the degree of molecular orientation and porosity of the fiber increased: as-spun fiber < non-porous drawn fiber < porous drawn fiber. The drawing process induced significant changes in the highly ordered structure of the fiber, such as molecular orientation and porosity, without affecting the crystallinity. The results of SEM observations and X-ray measurements indicated that drawing the fibers oriented the amorphous chains, which promoted enzymatic degradation by microorganisms.
Claudins in genitourinary tract neoplasms: mechanisms, prognosis, and therapeutic prospects
Authors: Arabi Tarek Ziad , Fawzy Nader Ashraf , Sabbah Belal Nedal , Ouban Abderrahman
Published: December 2023

Genitourinary (GU) cancers are among the most prevalent neoplasms in the world, with bladder cancers constituting 3% of global cancer diagnoses. However, several pathogenetic mechanisms remain controversial and unclear. Claudins, for example, have been shown to play a significant role in several cancers of the human body. Their role in GU cancers has not been extensively studied. Aberrant expression of claudins −1, −2, −3, −4, −7, and −11 has been expressed in urothelial cell carcinomas. In prostate cancers, altered levels of claudins −1, −2, −3, −4, and −5 have been reported. Furthermore, the levels of claudins −1, −2, −3, −4, −6, −7, −8, and −10 have been studied in renal cell carcinomas. Specifically, claudins −7 and −8 have proven especially useful in differentiating between chromophobe renal cell carcinomas and oncocytomas. Several of these claudins also correlate with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis in GU cancers. Although mechanisms underpinning aberrant expression of claudins in GU cancers are unclear, epigenetic changes, tumor necrosis factor-ɑ, and the p63 protein have been implicated. Claudins also provide therapeutic value through tailored immunotherapy via molecular subtyping and providing therapeutic targets, which have shown positive outcomes in preclinical studies. In this review, we aim to summarize the literature describing aberrant expression of claudins in urothelial, prostatic, and renal cell carcinomas. Then, we describe the mechanisms underlying these changes and the therapeutic value of claudins. Understanding the scope of claudins in GU cancers paves the way for several diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic innovations.
Reaction pathways, proton transfer, and proton pumping in ba3 class cytochrome c oxidase: perspectives from DFT quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics
Authors: Noodleman Louis , Götz Andreas W. , Han Du Wen-Ge , Hunsicker-Wang Laura
Published: December 2023

After drawing comparisons between the reaction pathways of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO, Complex 4) and the preceding complex cytochrome bc1 (Complex 3), both being proton pumping complexes along the electron transport chain, we provide an analysis of the reaction pathways in bacterial ba3 class CcO, comparing spectroscopic results and kinetics observations with results from DFT calculations. For an important arc of the catalytic cycle in CcO, we can trace the energy pathways for the chemical protons and show how these pathways drive proton pumping of the vectorial protons. We then explore the proton loading network above the Fe heme a3–CuB catalytic center, showing how protons are loaded in and then released by combining DFT-based reaction energies with molecular dynamics simulations over states of that cycle. We also propose some additional reaction pathways for the chemical and vector protons based on our recent work with spectroscopic support.
Development of fluorophores for the detection of oligomeric aggregates of amyloidogenic proteins found in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Teppang Kristine L. , Zhao Qilin , Yang Jerry
Published: December 2023

Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are the two most common neurodegenerative diseases globally. These neurodegenerative diseases have characteristic late-stage symptoms allowing for differential diagnosis; however, they both share the presence of misfolded protein aggregates which appear years before clinical manifestation. Historically, research has focused on the detection of higher-ordered aggregates (or amyloids); however, recent evidence has shown that the oligomeric state of these protein aggregates plays a greater role in disease pathology, resulting in increased efforts to detect oligomers to aid in disease diagnosis. In this review, we summarize some of the exciting new developments towards the development of fluorescent probes that can detect oligomeric aggregates of amyloidogenic proteins present in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease patients.
Antibiotic adjuvants: synergistic tool to combat multi-drug resistant pathogens
Authors: Kumar Vikram , Yasmeen Nusrath , Pandey Aishwarya , Ahmad Chaudhary Anis , Alawam Abdullah S. , Ahmad Rudayni Hassan , Islam Asimul , Lakhawat Sudarshan S. , Sharma Pushpender K. , Shahid Mohammad
Published: December 2023

The rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens poses a significant challenge to the field of infectious disease treatment. To overcome this problem, novel strategies are being explored to enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics. Antibiotic adjuvants have emerged as a promising approach to combat MDR pathogens by acting synergistically with antibiotics. This review focuses on the role of antibiotic adjuvants as a synergistic tool in the fight against MDR pathogens. Adjuvants refer to compounds or agents that enhance the activity of antibiotics, either by potentiating their effects or by targeting the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. The utilization of antibiotic adjuvants offers several advantages. Firstly, they can restore the effectiveness of existing antibiotics against resistant strains. Adjuvants can inhibit the mechanisms that confer resistance, making the pathogens susceptible to the action of antibiotics. Secondly, adjuvants can enhance the activity of antibiotics by improving their penetration into bacterial cells, increasing their stability, or inhibiting efflux pumps that expel antibiotics from bacterial cells. Various types of antibiotic adjuvants have been investigated, including efflux pump inhibitors, resistance-modifying agents, and compounds that disrupt bacterial biofilms. These adjuvants can act synergistically with antibiotics, resulting in increased antibacterial activity and overcoming resistance mechanisms. In conclusion, antibiotic adjuvants have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of MDR pathogens. By enhancing the efficacy of antibiotics, adjuvants offer a promising strategy to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. Further research and development in this field are crucial to harness the full potential of antibiotic adjuvants and bring them closer to clinical application.
Herpesvirus reactivation in respiratory tract is associated with increased mortality of severe pneumonia patients and their respiratory microbiome dysbiosis
Authors: Liu Yongan , Wen Zhenliang , Fang Yuan , Wang Tao , Wu Fengsheng , Zhang Hongming , Chen Dechang , Liu Jiao
Published: December 2023

Severe pneumonia (SP) is a respiratory tract disease that seriously threatens human health. The herpesvirus detected in patients, especially with severe and immunodeficient diseases, is gradually attracting the attention of clinical doctors. However, little is known about the effect of herpesvirus on the prognosis of SP patients and the pulmonary microbial community. Here, we retrospectively analyzed respiratory samples from 45 SP patients detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). A total of five types of herpesviruses were detected, with Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (HHV-1) in 19 patients, Human betaherpesvirus 5 (CMV) in 7 patients, Human betaherpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) in 6 patients, Human alphaherpesvirus 2 (HHV-2) in 5 patients, and Human gammaherpesvirus 4 (EBV) in 4 patients. Further analysis showed that the mortality of the herpesvirus-positive group was significantly higher than that of the negative group. The results also showed that HHV-1 was significantly associated with the prognosis of SP patients, while the other herpesviruses did not have a significant difference in patient mortality. A comparison of the microbial community characteristics of SP patients showed a significant difference in beta-diversity between herpesvirus-positive and negative groups. Species difference analysis showed that the herpesvirus-positive group was related to more conditional pathogens, such as Pneumocystis jirovecii and Burkholderia cepacia. In summary, our results suggest that the presence of herpesvirus is associated with the mortality of SP patients. Furthermore, enrichment of conditional pathogens in the respiratory tract of herpesvirus-positive SP patients may be a potential reason for the increased mortality.
Expression of secreted frizzled-related proteins in acute aortic dissection patients and the effects on prognosis
Authors: Miao Huangtai , Li Xiaoying , Liang Ying , Tang Hao , Song Zihao , Nie Shaoping
Published: December 2023

Background

Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) were reported to be involved in cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to observe plasma SFRP levels in acute aortic dissection (AD) patients and the effects of SFRP expression on AD prognosis.

Methods

Plasma levels of SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP3, SFRP4, and SFRP5 were measured in AD patients and non-AD (NAD) patients. The end-point events information of AD patients, including all-cause death and various clinical complications due to aortic dissection, was collected during a 36-month follow-up.

Results

The SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP3, and SFRP4 levels were increased in AD patients compared with those in NAD patients, while the SFRP5 concentrations were decreased. No differences in any of the SFRP levels were observed between the type A group and the type B group. The AD patients with end-point events exhibited higher SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP3, and SFRP4 concentrations but lower SFRP5 levels than the patients without end-point events. In addition, the AD patients were divided into a high group and a low group based on the median SFRP levels, and Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the AD patients with high SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, or SFRP5 levels had a better prognosis than those with low levels. However, the AD patients with high SFRP3 levels exhibited the opposite trends. The binary logistic regression analysis found that SFRP1, SFRP2, SFRP4, and SFRP5 were all negatively correlated with the occurrence of end-point events, while SFRP3 was positively correlated with its occurrence.

Conclusions

SFRP levels are all changed in acute AD, which may affect the prognosis of AD patients. SFRPs may be a target to improve the prognosis of AD.
Graphitic carbon nitrides as electrode supporting materials for lithium-ion batteries: what lies ahead in view of the current challenges?
Authors: Sajid Mohd , Chandio Zubair Ahmed , Hwang Byungil , Yun Tae Gwang , Cheong Jun Young
Published: December 2023

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has emerged as a promising material for various applications, particularly in the field of energy storage systems. Among these systems, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the cornerstone of portable electronics and are increasingly being adopted for electric vehicles and renewable energy storage. However, the search for alternative electrode materials that can overcome the limitations of traditional graphite anodes and transition metal oxide cathodes remains a significant challenge. In recent years, g-C3N4 has attracted considerable attention due to its unique physicochemical properties, such as high electrochemical stability, tunable bandgap, large specific surface area, and excellent thermal and chemical stability. Also, the low cost, abundance, and environmental sustainability of g-C3N4 contribute to its suitability for next-generation LIBs. However, the successful utilization of g-C3N4 as an electrode material is hindered by several challenges. This paper aims to explore the challenges and future perspectives of utilizing g-C3N4 as a potential electrode material for LIBs, highlighting the potential benefits and drawbacks of integrating this material into the battery system.
Performance assessment for climate intervention (PACI): preliminary application to a stratospheric aerosol injection scenario
Authors: Wheeler Lauren , Zeitler Todd , Brunell Sarah , Lien Jessica , Shand Lyndsay , Wagman Benjamin , Martinez Carianne , Potter Kevin
Published: December 2023

As the prospect of exceeding global temperature targets set forth in the Paris Agreement becomes more likely, methods of climate intervention are increasingly being explored. With this increased interest there is a need for an assessment process to understand the range of impacts across different scenarios against a set of performance goals in order to support policy decisions. The methodology and tools developed for Performance Assessment (PA) for nuclear waste repositories shares many similarities with the needs and requirements for a framework for climate intervention. Using PA, we outline and test an evaluation framework for climate intervention, called Performance Assessment for Climate Intervention (PACI) with a focus on Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI). We define a set of key technical components for the example PACI framework which include identifying performance goals, the extent of the system, and identifying which features, events, and processes are relevant and impactful to calculating model output for the system given the performance goals. Having identified a set of performance goals, the performance of the system, including uncertainty, can then be evaluated against these goals. Using the Geoengineering Large Ensemble (GLENS) scenario, we develop a set of performance goals for monthly temperature, precipitation, drought index, soil water, solar flux, and surface runoff. The assessment assumes that targets may be framed in the context of risk-risk via a risk ratio, or the ratio of the risk of exceeding the performance goal for the SAI scenario against the risk of exceeding the performance goal for the emissions scenario. From regional responses, across multiple climate variables, it is then possible to assess which pathway carries lower risk relative to the goals. The assessment is not comprehensive but rather a demonstration of the evaluation of an SAI scenario. Future work is needed to develop a more complete assessment that would provide additional simulations to cover parametric and aleatory uncertainty and enable a deeper understanding of impacts, informed scenario selection, and allow further refinements to the approach.
Spatial prediction of physical and chemical properties of soil using optical satellite imagery: a state-of-the-art hybridization of deep learning algorithm
Authors: Hosseini Fatemeh Sadat , Razavi-Termeh Seyed Vahid , Sadeghi-Niaraki Abolghasem , Choi Soo-Mi , Jamshidi Mohammad
Published: December 2023

This research aimed to predict soil’s physical and chemical properties with a state-of-the-art hybrid model based on deep learning algorithms and optical satellite images in a region in the north of Iran. As dependent data, 317 soil samples (0–30 cm) were collected in field surveying and analyzed by the soil and water research institute for their physical (clay, silt, and sand) and chemical [electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), phosphorus (P), soil reaction (pH), and potassium (K)] properties. Based on independent data, 23 remote sensing (RS) parameters (extracted from Landsat 8 optical images), 17 topographical parameters [extracted from the digital elevation model (DEM)], and four climatic parameters (derived from the meteorological organization). Spatial prediction of physical and chemical properties was implemented using a convolutional neural network (CNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), and hybrid CNN-RNN models. The evaluation results indicated that the hybrid CNN-RNN model had higher accuracy in all soil properties, followed by the RNN and CNN models. In the hybrid CNN-RNN model, pH (0.0206), EC (0.0958 dS/m), silt (0.0996%), P (0.1078 ppm), K (0.1185 ppm), sand (0.1360%), OC (0.1361%), and clay (0.1419%) had higher prediction accuracy, as determined by the root mean-squared error (RMSE) index. The hybrid CNN-RNN model proved to be the most effective for soil property prediction in this region. This finding underscores the potential of deep learning techniques in harnessing RS data for precise soil property mapping, with implications for land management and agricultural practices.
Exploration of the impact of green supply chain management practices on manufacturing firms’ performance through a mediated-moderated model
Authors: Zhaolei Li , Nazir Samera , Hussain Iftikhar , Mehmood Saqib , Nazir Zarish
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to examine the impact of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices on the performance of manufacturing firms. It explored the mediating role of green innovation (GI) and the moderating role of information sharing (IS) and information technology innovation (ITI) on the relationship between GSCM practices and manufacturing firms’ performance. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire from employees working in manufacturing firms in Pakistan. Random sampling was used to select the participants. The hypotheses were tested using partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The study revealed that GSCM practices significantly positively impacted manufacturing firms’ performance. It highlighted the mediating role of green innovation, suggesting that GSCM practices fostered innovation and improved firm performance. The study also uncovered the moderating role of information sharing and IT innovation, indicating that the effectiveness of GSCM practices in driving performance varied based on the extent of information sharing and IT innovation within the industry. The findings of this study had practical implications for industry practitioners and policymakers. Implementing effective GSCM practices and promoting green innovation could enhance firm performance in the manufacturing sector. Recognizing the importance of information sharing and IT innovation was crucial, as they significantly enhanced the effectiveness and efficiency of GSCM practices. This study contributed to the existing literature by examining the relationships among GSCM practices, green innovation, information sharing, IT innovation, and manufacturing firm performance. It provided insights into the mechanisms through which GSCM practices impacted firm performance, offering a comprehensive understanding of the role of green innovation and the moderating effects of information sharing and IT innovation.
Role of non-governmental organizations in post-relocation support of reservoir migrations in China: a just transition perspective
Authors: Hong Xueqing , Chen Shaojun , Sun Jingcheng
Published: December 2023

In recent decades, energy transition has been a major structural change worldwide to replace fossil fuels. Hydropower is a valuable renewable energy source which can mitigate the electricity demand of livelihoods and help to achieve the target of carbon neutrality goals. However, owing to the hydropower construction, involuntary resettles are suffering with land and socio-economic security. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a vital role in promoting a just transition for reservoir migrants. The present study examines the work of local NGOs in a reservoir resettlement area in China through semi-structural interviews, and participant observations followed by qualitative analysis. Study explores how the NGOs organize reservoir migrants to participate in post-relocation support (PReS) projects. The study finds that the organized participation of reservoir migrants in PReS is the key process required to achieve a just transition. Moreover, NGOs ensure that all affected reservoir migrants have equal access to development opportunities through the three linked levels of co-construction, co-management, and co-sharing through the elite-driven establishment of benefit linkages and fair benefit distribution, and ultimately achieve a standard of living for migrants. Organized participation improves the equity and sustainability of benefits for reservoir migrants, but organizing reservoir migrants requires firm support from the local, regional and national governments, and the trust of migrants in local NGOs. Findings further stated that the PRes policy still has some blank spot, therefore, it is necessary to frame robust policy frameworks to restore the livelihoods of reservoir migrants.
State-empowered entities as sites of progress for international anti-trafficking law and policy?
Authors: Kane Gillian
Published: December 2023

Since the adoption of the Palermo Protocol in 2000, international anti-trafficking law and policy have developed significantly. While both States and non-state actors have had a role to play in such development, this article focuses on the contribution of what (Sivakumaran,2017) labels as “state-empowered entities” (SEEs), actors that are “empowered” by states' and thus cannot be seen as “truly non-state in character.” Indeed, a range of SEEs, such as UNODC, the Council of Europe's Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Persons to name a few engage substantively with international anti-trafficking law. Situated within a theoretical framework that recognizes “soft” law's normativity and important interactive relationship with “hard” law, this article analyses the ongoing role of SEEs in operationalizing international anti-trafficking law, highlighting the norm creation, interpretation, and enforcement functions that such entities can and do play. Ultimately, this article frames SEEs as underexplored sites of progress for international anti-trafficking law, and calls for more engagement with the work and output of relevant SEEs, within anti-trafficking research and practice.
Allergic diseases aggravate the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in China
Authors: Zhang Huishan , Lin Jilei , Wu Jinhong , Zhang Jing , Zhang Lei , Yuan Shuhua , Chen Jiande , Tang Qiuyu , Zhang Ailian , Cui Yuxia , Xu Xiaojuan , Dai Hongxie , Shi Hongbo , Hu Xiaowei , Xie Dan , Chen Jing , He Fengquan , Yin Yong
Published: December 2023

Background

The relationship between allergic diseases and the adverse outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been a subject of controversy. This study aimed to investigate the association between allergic diseases and the incidence and severity of symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods

Clinical data of individuals, including children and their parents, infected with SARS-CoV-2 from December 2022 to January 2023 in China were retrospectively analyzed. The data were collected through questionnaires. Statistical analysis, including chi-squared tests, nonparametric analysis, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis, was used to examine the relationship between allergic diseases, prior medication, and the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results

There were 3,517 adults and 3,372 children with SARS-CoV-2 infection included in the study. Fever was found to occur at similar rates in children (86.5%) and adults (86.8%). However, other symptoms related to respiratory issues (such as cough and sore throat), neurological symptoms (headache, loss of smell, and loss of taste), and systemic symptoms (muscle soreness and weakness) were observed more frequently in adults (P < 0.001). Additionally, adults exhibited higher overall symptom scores, indicating greater severity. Allergic diseases were found to be associated with the incidence of certain SARS-CoV-2 infection symptoms in both children and adults. Specifically, children with allergic rhinitis (AR) were observed to be more susceptible to upper respiratory symptoms (OR: 1.320, 95% CI: 1.081-1.611, P = 0.006), while asthma patients were found to be more susceptible to severe respiratory symptoms (OR: 1.736, 95% CI: 1.250-2.411, P = 0.001). Similar patterns were identified in adults. Furthermore, AR was also suggested to be a risk factor for symptom severity in both children (OR: 1.704, 95% CI: 1.314-2.209, P < 0.001) and adults (OR: 1.736, 95% CI: 1.250-2.411, P = 0.001). However, prior medication for allergic diseases did not exhibit a preventive effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection symptoms.

Conclusions

Both children and adults with allergic diseases were found to be more prone to experiencing symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and these symptoms tended to be more severe.
Neutrophil infiltration associated genes on the prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Renwang , Zhu Guangsheng , Sun Yonglin , Li Mingbiao , Hu Zixuan , Cao Peijun , Li Xuanguang , Song Zuoqing , Chen Jun
Published: December 2023

The neutrophils exhibit both anti-tumor and pro-tumor effects in cancers. The correlation between neutrophils and tumor development in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still uncertain, possibly due to a lack of specific neutrophil infiltration evaluation methods. In this study, we identified 30 hub genes that were significantly associated with neutrophil infiltration in LUAD through data mining, survival analysis, and multiple tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) analysis, including TIMER, CIBERSORT, QUANTISEQ, XCELL, and MCPCOUNTER. Consensus clustering analysis showed that these 30 hub genes were correlated with clinical features in LUAD. We further developed a neutrophil scoring system based on these hub genes. The neutrophil score was significantly correlated with prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in LUAD. It was also positively associated with PD-L1 expression and negatively associated with tumor mutational burden (TMB). When combined with the neutrophil score, the predictive capacity of PD-L1 and TMB for prognosis was significantly improved. Thus, the 30 hub genes might play an essential role in the interaction of neutrophils and LUAD, and the neutrophil scoring system might effectually assess the infiltration of neutrophils. Furthermore, we verified the expression of these 30 genes in the LUAD tumor tissues collected from our department. We further found that overexpressed TNFAIP6 and TLR6 and downregulated P2RY13, SCARF1, DPEP2, PRAM1, CYP27A1, CFP, GPX3, and NCF1 in LUAD tissue might be potentially associated with neutrophils pro-tumor effects. The following in vitro experiments demonstrated that TNFAIP6 and TLR6 were significantly overexpressed, and P2RY13 and CYP27A1 were significantly downregulated in LUAD cell lines, compared to BEAS-2B cells. Knocking down TNFAIP6 in A549 and PC9 resulted in the upregulation of FAS, CCL3, and ICAM-1, and the downregulation of CCL2, CXCR4, and VEGF-A in neutrophils when co-culturing with the conditioned medium (CM) from LUAD cells. Knocking down TNFAIP6 in LUAD also led to an elevated early apoptosis rate of neutrophils. Therefore, overexpressed TNFAIP6 in LUAD cancer cells might lead to neutrophils “N2” polarization, which exhibited pro-tumor effects. Further research based on the genes identified in this pilot study might shed light on neutrophils’ effects on LUAD in the future.
Where, when, how and what seagrass to transplant for long lasting results in transitional water systems: the cases of Cymodocea nodosa, Zostera marina, Zostera noltei and Ruppia cirrhosa
Authors: Sfriso Andrea Augusto , Sciuto Katia , Mistri Michele , Munari Cristina , Juhmani Abdul-Salam , Buosi Alessandro , Tomio Yari , Sfriso Adriano
Published: December 2023

Seagrasses play a vital role in marine ecosystems worldwide. However, until recently these ecosystems were experiencing declines due to various global and local threats. In response to this issue, initiatives have been launched to combat seagrass loss by addressing local and regional major stressors and actively engaging in restoration efforts by transplantation. Although seagrass restoration has progressed significantly with the development of numerous transplant techniques, these are not always crowned with success. This is often due to the fact that the environmental parameters of water, sediment and biota of the recipient sites are not carefully considered in their suitability for transplantation. In this study, the multi-year experiences and data from numerous environmental surveys in transitional water systems have been condensed to define limit values for the ideal growth conditions and the extreme values in which the survival of four aquatic angiosperm species is possible: Cymodocea nodosa, Zostera marina, Zostera noltei and Ruppia cirrhosa. Approaches to transplants, seasonality and critical issues have been explored. The identified limits and parameters of water, sediment and biota will help to define the suitability of a recipient site for the rooting of seagrasses, increasing the chances of success for transplant operations.
New contributions to the taxonomy and phylogeny of the ciliate genus Pleuronema (Ciliophora, Scuticociliatia), with descriptions of two new species collected from the subtropical coastal wetlands in China
Authors: Wu Zehao , Liu Mingjian , Ye Tingting , Zhao Xuetong , Wu Fan , Jiang Yaohan , Chen Xiangrui
Published: December 2023

Ciliates of the genus Pleuronema are a speciose and ubiquitous group. Recent studies suggest that there may be a sizable amount of undiscovered species diversity. In the present study, two new Pleuronema species have been isolated from the subtropical coastal waters of China and characterized using morphological and taxonomical methods: Pleuronema pulchra n. sp. is characterized by a body size of 75–90 × 25–40 µm in vivo, 32–48 somatic kineties, four to seven preoral kineties, somatic kinety 1 composed of about 80 kinetids, and membranelle 2a with a single-rowed mid-portion and hook-like posterior portion. Pleuronema warreni n. sp. is defined by a body size of 55–80 × 25–45 µm in vivo, 35–42 somatic kineties, three to six preoral kineties, somatic kinety 1 with approximately 75 kinetids, and a mid-portion of membranelle 2a that is single-rowed and extremely long (occupying > 75% length of M2a). The phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA genes of Pleuronema members, including those of the two novel species, shows that the genus Pleuronema is a polyphyletic group. Both new species form a cluster with Pleuronema binucleatum KT033424, P. elegans KF840518, and “P. coronatum” JX310014 (identification to be verified). Additionally, we provide an illustrated key for 20 “coronatum-type” Pleuronema species, including the two new ones.
The opportunities and challenges of adopting ChatGPT in medical research
Authors: Alsadhan Abeer , Al-Anezi Fahad , Almohanna Asmaa , Alnaim Norah , Alzahrani Hayat , Shinawi Reem , AboAlsamh Hoda , Bakhshwain Amal , Alenazy Maha , Arif Wejdan , Alyousef Seham , Alhamidi Sami , Alghamdi Alya , AlShrayfi Nour , Rubaian Nouf Bin , Alanzi Turki , AlSahli Alaa , Alturki Rasha , Herzallah Nawal
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the opportunities and challenges of adopting ChatGPT in medical research.

Methods

A qualitative approach with focus groups is adopted in this study. A total of 62 participants including academic researchers from different streams in medicine and eHealth, participated in this study.

Results

A total of five themes with 16 sub-themes related to the opportunities; and a total of five themes with 12 sub-themes related to the challenges were identified. The major opportunities include improved data collection and analysis, improved communication and accessibility, and support for researchers in multiple streams of medical research. The major challenges identified were limitations of training data leading to bias, ethical issues, technical limitations, and limitations in data collection and analysis.

Conclusion

Although ChatGPT can be used as a potential tool in medical research, there is a need for further evidence to generalize its impact on the different research activities.
Dietary taurine effect on intestinal barrier function, colonic microbiota and metabolites in weanling piglets induced by LPS
Authors: Zhao Dong-dong , Gai Ye-dan , Li Chen , Fu Zi-zheng , Yin De-Qi , Xie Mingxin , Dai Jing-yuan , Wang Xin-xin , Li Yan-xi , Wu Gao-feng , Feng Ying , Hu Jian-min , Lin Shu-mei , Yang Jian-cheng
Published: December 2023

Diarrhea in piglets is one of the most important diseases and a significant cause of death in piglets. Preliminary studies have confirmed that taurine reduces the rate and index of diarrhea in piglets induced by LPS. However, there is still a lack of relevant information on the specific target and mechanism of action of taurine. Therefore, we investigated the effects of taurine on the growth and barrier functions of the intestine, microbiota composition, and metabolite composition of piglets induced by LPS. Eighteen male weaned piglets were randomly divided into the CON group (basal diet + standard saline injection), LPS group (basal diet + LPS-intraperitoneal injection), and TAU + LPS group (basal diet + 0.3% taurine + LPS-intraperitoneal injection). The results show that taurine significantly increased the ADG and decreased the F/G (p < 0.05) compared with the group of CON. The group of TAU + LPS significantly improved colonic villous damage (p < 0.05). The expression of ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 genes and proteins were markedly up-regulated (p < 0.05). Based on 16s rRNA sequencing analysis, the relative abundance of Lactobacilluscae and Firmicutes in the colon was significantly higher in the LPS + TAU group compared to the LPS group (p < 0.05). Four metabolites were significantly higher and one metabolite was significantly lower in the TAU + LPS group compared to the LPS group (p < 0.01). The above results show that LPS disrupts intestinal microorganisms and metabolites in weaned piglets and affects intestinal barrier function. Preventive addition of taurine enhances beneficial microbiota, modulates intestinal metabolites, and strengthens the intestinal mechanical barrier. Therefore, taurine can be used as a feed additive to prevent intestinal damage by regulating intestinal microorganisms and metabolites.
Metabolic profiling of petroleum-degrading microbial communities incubated under high-pressure conditions
Authors: Xu Jinbo , Wang Lu , Lv Weifeng , Song Xinmin , Nie Yong , Wu Xiao-Lei
Published: December 2023

While pressure is a significant characteristic of petroleum reservoirs, it is often overlooked in laboratory studies. To clarify the composition and metabolic properties of microbial communities under high-pressure conditions, we established methanogenic and sulfate-reducing enrichment cultures under high-pressure conditions using production water from the Jilin Oilfield in China. We utilized a metagenomics approach to analyze the microbial community after a 90-day incubation period. Under methanogenic conditions, Firmicutes, Deferribacteres, Ignavibacteriae, Thermotogae, and Nitrospirae, in association with the hydrogenotrophic methanogen Archaeoglobaceae and acetoclastic Methanosaeta, were highly represented. Genomes for Ca. Odinarchaeota and the hydrogen-dependent methylotrophic Ca. Methanosuratus were also recovered from the methanogenic culture. The sulfate-reducing community was dominated by Firmicutes, Thermotogae, Nitrospirae, Archaeoglobus, and several candidate taxa including Ca. Bipolaricaulota, Ca. Aminicenantes, and Candidate division WOR-3. These candidate taxa were key pantothenate producers for other community members. The study expands present knowledge of the metabolic roles of petroleum-degrading microbial communities under high-pressure conditions. Our results also indicate that microbial community interactions were shaped by syntrophic metabolism and the exchange of amino acids and cofactors among members. Furthermore, incubation under in situ pressure conditions has the potential to reveal the roles of microbial dark matter.
Progress of non-small-cell lung cancer with ROS1 rearrangement
Authors: Yang Xin , Tang Zhe , Li Jing , Jiang Jizong , Liu Yue
Published: December 2023

ROS1 rearrangement is found in 0.9%–2.6% of people with non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) target ROS1 and can block tumor growth and provide clinical benefits to patients. This review summarizes the current knowledge on ROS1 rearrangements in NSCLCs, including the mechanisms of ROS1 oncogenicity, epidemiology of ROS1-positive tumors, methods for detecting rearrangements, molecular characteristics, therapeutic agents, and mechanisms of drug resistance.
Comprehensive analysis of senescence-related genes and immune infiltration in intervertebral disc degeneration: a meta-data approach utilizing bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data
Authors: Deng Ya-Jun , Wang Xin-Gang , Li Zhi , Wang Bo , Li Jie , Ma Jun , Xue Xiong , Tian Xin , Liu Quan-Cheng , Liu Jia-Yuan , Zhang Ying , Yuan Bin
Published: December 2023

Objectives: This study aims to identify the key senescence genes and potential regulatory mechanisms that contribute to the etiology of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD).

Method: We analyzed GSE34095 and GSE70362 datasets, identifying key senescence-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in IDD using lasso regression. Risk scores classified patients into high- and low-risk groups. We compared pathways, functions, and immune infiltration between these groups. Diagnostic ability was assessed using ROC curves and a nomogram predicted IDD incidence. In single-cell dataset GSE165722, we evaluated expression of key senescence-related DEGs.

Results: We identified 12 key senescence-related DEGs distinguishing high- and low-risk IDD patients. Enrichment analysis revealed cellular stress response, apoptotic signaling pathway, and protein kinase activation differences. Immune cell analysis showed elevated eosinophils in low-risk group and increased effector memory CD8 T, central memory CD4 T, myeloid-derived suppressor, natural killer, monocyte, Type 1 T helper, plasmacytoid dendritic, and natural killer T cells in high-risk group. A nomogram using AUC >0.75 genes (CXCL8, MAP4K4, MINK1, and TNIK) predicted IDD incidence with good diagnostic power. High senescence scores were observed in neutrophils.

Conclusion: Our diagnostic model, based on key senescence-related DEGs and immune cell infiltration, offers new insights into IDD pathogenesis and immunotherapy strategies.