bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cascading effects of social dynamics on the reproduction, survival, and population growth of mountain gorillas
Authors: Morrison R. E. , Hirwa J. P. , Ndagijimana F. , Vecellio V. , Eckardt W. , Stoinski T. S.
Published: October 2022

Whilst the conservation impacts of density‐dependent population effects have been well studied, the impact that socially‐driven changes (e.g. group fissions that increase group density) can have on population growth in social species have only recently come to light. An increase in group density and intergroup encounters in a subpopulation of mountain gorillas Gorilla beringei beringei was shown to have driven a more than fourfold increase in infanticide, slowing population growth. In this study, we delve deeper into the consequences of these socially‐driven changes in group density, examining how patterns of reproduction and survival have changed in this subpopulation across more than 50 years. We show that adult female survival increased with strengthening conservation efforts early in the study, then remained stable, while age at first birth remained stable across the entire study. Interbirth intervals and female reproductive success did not vary significantly across time overall. However, socially‐driven increases in group density since the mid‐2000s appear to have had a cascade of effects. In addition to the increase in infant and adult male mortality from violence during intergroup encounters, higher encounter rates, and mortality were likely responsible for an increase in female transfers, which delayed reproduction. Females faced a 7.5‐month delay when transferring once and a 1.5‐year delay when transferring twice or more between births. We show these changes correspond with a 26.63% reduction in female reproductive success in 2007 to 2018, compared to 1994 to 2006, with females taking more than 2 years longer to produce an offspring that survived infancy. These findings demonstrate that social dynamics can have consequences for population growth beyond the immediate mortality effects of violent encounters. This further highlights the critical importance of social dynamics in the conservation of social species, particularly when populations are restricted to small or fragmented regions of habitat.
Benefits of skin application of piceatannol—A minireview
Authors: Krambeck Karolline , Santos Delfim , Sousa Lobo José M. , Amaral Maria Helena
Published: October 2022

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and has several functions such as barrier against external agents, the maintenance of temperature and homeostatic functions. Skin ageing is a natural process that can be influenced by environmental factors, intrinsic skin factors and lifestyle. UV light plays an important role in skin ageing and can cause spots, requiring the use of depigmenting agents. Nowadays, there is a great demand for ingredients that prevent skin ageing, with natural agents occupying a promising position. Among the natural agents, polyphenols, such as resveratrol and piceatannol, found in grapes, passion fruits and other fruits, have a huge relevance. Great benefits of piceatannol have been reported, so thus, this work focuses specifically on a review of the literature regarding the application of this polyphenol in skin care products. This polyphenol can be used in a wound‐healing, or as anti‐ageing, antioxidant, anti‐acne and skin whitening, among other effects.
Perinatal mortality and neonatal and maternal outcome per gestational week in term pregnancies: A registry‐based study
Authors: Cornette Jérôme , van der Stok Catharina J. , Reiss Irwin K. M. , Kornelisse René F. , van der Wilk Eline , Franx Arie , Jacquemyn Yves , Steegers Eric A. P. , Bertens Loes C. M.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Human pregnancy is considered term from 37+0/7 to 41+6/7 weeks. Within this range, both maternal, fetal and neonatal risks may vary considerably. This study investigates how gestational age per week is related to the components of perinatal mortality and parameters of adverse neonatal and maternal outcome at term.

Material and Methods

A registry‐based study was made of all singleton term pregnancies in the Netherlands from January 2014 to December 2017. Stillbirth and early neonatal mortality, as components of perinatal mortality, were defined as primary outcomes; adverse neonatal and maternal events as secondary outcomes. Neonatal adverse outcomes included birth trauma, 5‐minute Apgar score ≤3, asphyxia, respiratory insufficiency, neonatal intensive care unit admission and composite neonatal outcome. Maternal adverse outcomes included instrumental vaginal birth, emergency cesarean section, obstetric anal sphincter injury, postpartum hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and composite maternal outcome. The primary outcomes were evaluated by comparing weekly prospective risks of stillbirth and neonatal death using a fetuses‐at‐risk approach. Secondly, odds ratios (OR) for perinatal mortality, adverse neonatal and maternal outcome using a births‐based approach were compared for each gestational week with all births occurring after that week.

Results

Data of 581 443 births were analyzed. At 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 and 42 weeks, the respective weekly prospective risks of stillbirth were 0.015%, 0.022%, 0.031%, 0.036%, 0.069% and 0.081%; the respective weekly prospective risks of early neonatal death were 0.051%, 0.047%, 0.032%, 0.031%, 0.039% and 0.035%. The OR for adverse neonatal outcomes were the lowest at 39 and 40 weeks. The OR for adverse maternal outcomes, including operative birth, continuously increased with each gestational week.

Conclusions

The prospective risk of early neonatal death for babies born at 39 weeks is lower than the risk of stillbirth in pregnancies continuing beyond 39+6/7 weeks. Birth at 39 weeks was associated with the best combined neonatal and maternal outcome, fewer operative births and fewer maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes compared with pregnancies continuing beyond 39 weeks. This information with appropriate perspectives should be included when counseling term pregnant women.
Percutaneous oxygenated right ventricular assist device for pulmonary embolism: A case series
Authors: Lee Teresa M. L. , Bianchi Paolo , Kourliouros Antonios , Price Laura C. , Ledot Stephane
Published: October 2022

Acute right ventricular (RV) failure following massive pulmonary embolism (PE) can have significant hemodynamic consequences and is the mode of death. Temporary mechanical circulatory support can provide tissue perfusion required while thrombectomy or lysis‐aimed therapies act to relieve the thrombotic obstruction. Veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐A ECMO) has conventionally been the first line MCS. A more selective approach to RV support has been advocated in the form of an extracorporeal right ventricular assist device (RVAD) as it mitigates some of the shortcomings of V‐A ECMO. We present the first case series of four patients who received fully percutaneous RVAD, with an integrated oxygenator forming an Oxy‐RVAD, for selective right heart support following massive PE, including the application of single‐access dual‐lumen right atrium to pulmonary artery cannula. All patients achieved RV recovery and were successfully weaned from oxy‐RVAD support within 5–10 days demonstrating the feasibility of selective percutaneous right heart support in managing these challenging patients.
The evolution of pharmacovigilance ecosystems: Does Moore's law invite the use of Occam's razor?
Authors: Mueller Marion , Lewis David J. , Alexe Amalia
Published: October 2022

Aims

Moore's law predicts the doubling of complexity of integrated circuits every 2 years; Kryder's corollary assumes a doubling of data storage every 13 months. With the increasing volume of legislation, pharmacovigilance systems today are inherently complex, and the emphasis has shifted from reactive (responding to emerging risks) to planned, active, risk‐proportionate approaches operating throughout the life cycle of medicines.

Methods

Exploration of the drivers for increasing complexity of pharmacovigilance systems, focusing on regulatory environment, data management and evaluation.

Results

Evaluation of postmarketing data plays an increasingly important role in pharmacovigilance. There is great interest on the part of all stakeholders in optimizing the use of these data. Innovative approaches, including pharmacogenetics and passive measures (sensors), will lead to increased complexity and volumes of data and inevitably to an increase in the volume of case reports. There is a multiplicity of regulations and guidelines on how to manage these data, with an inherent lack of harmonization.

Conclusion

We summarize the current characterization of safety data types, sources and the classification of these data. Using this benchmark, we discuss the future requirements of an effective pharmacovigilance ecosystem, keeping the principle of parsimony in mind. In this complex, continuously and rapidly changing environment, there is a need for a return to simplicity and pragmatism. The application of Occam's razor could help to support the rapid provision of new, affordable medicines with a positive benefit to risk profile.
Clinical significance of mitochondrial DNA content in acute promyelocytic leukaemia
Authors: Pereira‐Martins Diego A. , Coelho‐Silva Juan L. , Weinhäuser Isabel , Franca‐Neto Pedro L. , Silveira Douglas R. , Ortiz César , Moreira‐Aguiar Amanda , Lima Marinus M. , Koury Luisa C. , de Melo Raul A. , Glória Ana B. , Fagundes Evandro M. , Lino Bruno K. , Pagnano Katia , Bittencourt Rosane , Nunes Elenaide , Traina Fabiola , Figueiredo‐Pontes Lorena , Keating Armand , Tallman Martin S. , Ribeiro Raul C. , Dilon Richard , Ganser Arnold , Sanz Miguel A. , Berliner Nancy , Valk Peter , Löwenberg Bob , Ottone Tiziana , Noguera Nelida I. , Voso Maria T. , Paoloni Francesca , Fazi Paola , Ammatuna Emanuele , Huls Gerwin , Schuringa Jan Jacob , Rego Eduardo M. , Lucena‐Araujo Antonio R.
Published: October 2022

Although a growing body of evidence demonstrates that altered mtDNA content (mtDNAc) has clinical implications in several types of solid tumours, its prognostic relevance in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) patients remains largely unknown. Here, we show that patients with higher‐than‐normal mtDNAc had better outcomes regardless of tumour burden. These results were more evident in patients with low‐risk of relapse. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model demonstrated that high mtDNAc was independently associated with a decreased cumulative incidence of relapse. Altogether, our data highlights the possible role of mitochondrial metabolism in APL patients treated with ATRA.
Secondary fusion proteins as a mechanism of BCR::ABL1 kinase‐independent resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Barnes Evan J. , Eide Christopher A. , Kaempf Andy , Bottomly Daniel , Romine Kyle A. , Wilmot Beth , Saunders Dominick , McWeeney Shannon K. , Tognon Cristina E. , Druker Brian J.
Published: October 2022

Drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) may occur via mutations in the causative BCR::ABL1 fusion or BCR::ABL1‐independent mechanisms. We analysed 48 patients with BCR::ABL1‐independent resistance for the presence of secondary fusion genes by RNA sequencing. We identified 10 of the most frequently detected secondary fusions in 21 patients. Validation studies, cell line models, gene expression analysis and drug screening revealed differences with respect to proliferation rate, differentiation and drug sensitivity. Notably, expression of RUNX1::MECOM led to resistance to ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors in vitro. These results suggest secondary fusions contribute to BCR::ABL1‐independent resistance and may be amenable to combined therapies.
Documentary culture in Catalonia and England, c.975–1050
Authors: Kosto Adam J.
Published: October 2022

The records connected to Oliba (d. 1046) and Wulfstan (d. 1023) offer a compelling method for comparing documentary cultures in Catalonia and England. This article examines documents preserved in each region to guide research into analogous documents in the other. From the Oliba diplomatari, the most suggestive are the most unusual items: inventories, ritual texts, records of oblation, and letters of appointment, all of which find parallels in the English material. From the Wulfstan corpus, it is the broader categories of diploma, writ, and chirograph (carta partida) that prompt best a new look at the documentary landscape of comital Catalonia.
The art of the biblical prologue in medieval Catalonia: visual connections and interpretation in the Ripoll Bibles
Authors: Loic Erika
Published: October 2022

The Ripoll Bibles, eleventh‐century manuscripts produced at the Benedictine monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll (Catalonia), are notable for their monumental size and extensive illustration. Their art reflects monastic attitudes towards compiling extra‐biblical materials – prologues, prooemia (prefaces), and capitula (summaries) – and the roles of commentary, both written and visual. The present article examines visual prologues (images acting as prologues) and prologue visuality (ornamentation and other visual aspects of textual prologues) in the context of pedagogical innovation and the scholarly aspirations at Ripoll. Like the prologues of the Ripoll Bibles, the visual paratexts complicate attempts to categorize these manuscripts within singular biblical traditions.
We need to talk about trauma: Integrating trauma‐informed practice into the family law classroom
Authors: Katz Sarah
Published: October 2022

The reality of law schools being hotbeds of toxic stress is not new. Most law schools already have instituted student wellness initiatives focused on supporting students through the rigors of law school, and spotting outside stressors which impact students' legal education and providing support. While these initiatives are crucial, lessons about healthy boundaries, combating toxic stress and the role of trauma, need to be further integrated into law school curricula. The field of trauma‐informed practice presents a rich set of tools from which to accomplish these goals. While trauma‐informed practice has implications for all of legal education, the focus of this essay is on the teaching of family law. Law school family law courses create an ideal platform for incorporating a trauma‐informed perspective and introducing law students to trauma‐ informed skills. While some law school clinics introduce and implement principles of trauma‐informed practice to law students, it is less common that trauma‐informed practice is introduced through traditional doctrinal or skills classes. This article will explore how an understanding of trauma and trauma‐informed practice can inform how family law courses are taught in United States law schools.
Creating opportunities to “prepare, perform, and reflect” in a doctrinal family law course
Authors: Nussbaum Lydia
Published: October 2022

This article details “why” and “how to” use in‐depth lawyering simulations in a doctrinal Family Law course. Students are placed in‐role as lawyers engaged in a specific lawyering task: negotiating a divorce settlement on behalf of a client, representing a client in a child custody mediation, and interviewing and counseling a client to revise a draft premarital agreement. Incorporating these intensive lawyering simulations into a doctrinal course advances numerous pedagogical and curricular goals. The article explains the instructional design for each simulation, from assignments and assessment to legal doctrine, specific lawyering skills introduced, and structured reflection and debrief.
Doctrine, experiential learning, and client‐centered lawyering: Teaching family law in a post‐pandemic world
Authors: Rogus Caroline , Tsoukala Philomila
Published: October 2022

The restrictions of pandemic teaching served as a catalyst for the authors' integration of the skills‐based and client‐centered teaching. Their refurbished models of teaching family law aspire to capture the needs of under‐ and un‐represented populations of society, build students' lawyering skills including “soft” skills like client interviewing, contemplate what a satisfying career in family law could look like, and deliver instruction on the theoretical underpinnings of the law governing the creation and dissolution of familial units. The article summarizes the authors' methods for incorporating such “hands‐on” learning into our classes, and demonstrates how these ideas are malleable enough to work in in‐person, remote, concurrent, asynchronous, and synchronous classes.
Chemotaxonomic responses of autotrophic periphyton communities to nutrient additions in pools of an intermittent stream
Authors: Iles Jordan A. , Pettit Neil E. , Cawthray Greg , Grierson Pauline F.
Published: October 2022

The algal groups present in periphyton communities form an important base of autochthonous food webs in freshwater streams. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are key macronutrients in aquatic systems. Excess nutrients benefit some algal groups over others.

We paired a nutrient‐diffusing substrata limitation experiment with high performance liquid chromatography to (a) identify which nutrient(s) limit periphyton production, and (b) how the periphyton biomass and community structure changes between isolated pools of differing hydrological characteristics along an intermittent dryland stream.

Unique peaks for 21 pigments were identified and matched with published values. We then produced a PERMANOVA model using pigment ratios and CHEMTAX analysis to explore changes in community structure resulting from nutrient addition.

Periphyton communities in these pools were co‐limited by N and P. Nitrogen additions caused the periphyton to shift from diatom‐ to chlorophyte‐dominated community structure and benefited cyanophyta growth. Phosphorus additions reduced the relative proportion of diatoms and also resulted in an increase in pheophoribide‐a, a pigment indicative of cell lysis, demonstrating a detrimental impact of P additions.

Outcomes of this study show that when adding nutrient to a system there may be subtle shifts in community composition which can be telescoped up the food web regardless of the system's nutrient status.
Interspecific variation in the response of fish to anthropogenic noise
Authors: Stasso Jacob J. , Pieniazek Rachel H. , Higgs Dennis M.
Published: October 2022

Elevated levels of anthropogenic noise, especially those observed through boating activity, can negatively impact fish species, but it remains unclear which species are most affected and which behavioural metrics are best used in assessing fish responses to underwater noise. The effects of boat sounds on freshwater species are of particular interest because freshwater environments are less studied than the marine realm despite comparably high levels of biodiversity.

In the current study, we examine the behavioural responses to boat noise in two freshwater species that differ in their hypothesised response to sound inputs: the spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius), a species with known hearing specialisations, and the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), a species with more generalised hearing capabilities. Fish were presented with boat noise in a laboratory setting, and their swimming, escape and foraging behaviours were assessed to examine differential responses in relation to hypothesised hearing abilities.

Both species showed a decrease in general swimming behaviours but an increase in erratic movements in response to boat noise, indicative of stress responses for both species. Despite the similarities in response based on swimming behaviours however, only spottail shiners exhibited true escape responses to the onset of the noise stimulus, suggesting a more extreme reaction in the species with a more refined hearing ability.

Taken together, these results show that freshwater fish can respond to increased levels of anthropogenic noise, but that the severity of the response may differ based on auditory structures and therefore presumed hearing ability. The differences seen between behavioural metrics used (swimming vs. escape responses) also demonstrate how care must be taken in choosing a metric when developing exposure guidelines for underwater sound exposures, as different metrics could lead to differential impact assessments.
Clinical evaluation of a novel molecular diagnosis kit for detecting Helicobacter pylori and clarithromycin‐resistant using intragastric fluid
Authors: Tsuda Momoko , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Oikawa Ritsuko , Watanabe Ryosuke , Higashino Masayuki , Kubo Kimitoshi , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Itoh Fumio , Kato Mototsugu
Published: October 2022

Background

Although there are many Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) diagnostic methods, the culture and antibiotic susceptibility test is an important method for selecting the most effective H. pylori eradication regimen. However, this diagnostic method is complicated and takes several days; therefore, the development of a rapid and simple diagnostic method is required. Eradication failure due to clarithromycin (CAM) resistance should also be considered. In this study, we report the clinical evaluation of point‐of‐care testing (POCT) kit using intragastric fluid, a novel kit for detecting H. pylori and CAM resistance.

Materials and Methods

The study participants were 143 patients suspected of H. pylori infection and had an endoscopic examination. The novel diagnostic kit diagnosed H. pylori infection and CAM resistance‐associated mutation using intragastric fluid. To diagnose H. pylori infection, the relationship between the diagnostic kit and conventional diagnostic methods (urea breath test, stool antigen test, culture test, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) was evaluated. For CAM resistance‐associated mutation detection, the concordance between the diagnostic kit and antibiotic susceptibility test was evaluated.

Results

The diagnosis of H. pylori infection with the novel molecular diagnostic kit using intragastric fluid showed significant relationship with conventional diagnostic methods. Especially when the culture was control, the sensitivity was 100% (67/67), the specificity was 95.9% (71/74), and the overall concordance was 97.9% (138/141). The detection of CAM resistance‐associated mutations had a concordance rate of 97.0% (65/67) when compared with the antibiotic susceptibility test.

Conclusions

The H. pylori molecular POCT kit uses intragastric fluid as a sample and can diagnose H. pylori infection and detect CAM resistance‐associated mutations within an hour. This novel kit is expected to prove useful in selecting the most effective eradication regimen for H. pylori.
Novel biomarkers of acute kidney injury in chronic liver disease: Where do we stand after a decade of research?
Authors: Yewale Rohan Vijay , Ramakrishna Balakrishnan Siddartha
Published: October 2022

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequently encountered complication in decompensated chronic liver disease (CLD) with an estimated prevalence of 20%–50% among hospitalized patients. AKI often heralds the onset of a downhill course in the natural history of CLD. Serum creatinine has several limitations as a stand‐alone marker of AKI in patients with decompensated CLD. The concept of hepatorenal syndrome, the prototype of AKI in decompensated CLD, has evolved tremendously over recent years. There is emerging evidence of an additional “structural” component in the pathophysiology of hepatorenal syndrome‐AKI, which was previously identified as a purely “functional” form of renal impairment. Lacunae in the existent biochemical arsenal for diagnosis and prognosis of AKI have fueled enthusiastic research in the field of novel biomarkers of kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis. The advent of these biomarkers provides a crucial window of opportunity to improve the diagnosis and clinical outcomes of this vulnerable cohort of patients. This review summarizes the dynamic concept of renal dysfunction in CLD and the available literature on the role of novel biomarkers of AKI in assessing renal function, identifying AKI subtypes, and predicting prognosis. There is special emphasis on the renal tubular injury marker, neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin, the most exhaustively studied biomarker of AKI in the CLD population.
Opinions from the experts: Experiences of adolescents with severe obesity participating in meal replacement therapy
Authors: Khayutin Sarah , Kelly Aaron S. , Fox Claudia K. , Ryder Justin R. , Gross Amy C.
Published: October 2022

Background

Meal replacement therapy (MRT) is a structured treatment that is effective for short‐term weight reduction in adolescents with severe obesity. However, like other interventions, MRT response is variable.

Objective

The goal of the current study was to characterize the experience of adolescents with severe obesity participating in MRT.

Methods

Seventeen adolescents with severe obesity participated in semi‐structured, individual interviews about their experience participating in MRT. The authors used a biopsychosocial model as the theoretical framework and data was analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. A biopsychosocial model views an individual's health as a blend of biological characteristics, behavioural factors, and social conditions.

Results

Results showed that adolescents with severe obesity described three biopsychosocial factors that were central to their experience with MRT: (1) scheduling and planning, (2) social support and pressure, and (3) intrapersonal factors. Specifically, adolescents with severe obesity identified that planning ahead, social support, and intrapersonal changes (e.g. self‐confidence) can promote engagement in MRT. On the other hand, unplanned schedule changes, social pressures, and different intrapersonal factors (e.g., taste preference) can make engagement challenging.

Conclusions

Adolescents provided information on factors that supported or hindered their engagement in MRT, and themes were consistent with prior literature on health behaviour change. Overall, adolescents would recommend MRT to other teenagers who carry extra weight. Future research can use the rich information provided by adolescents with severe obesity to enhance and individualize treatment options.
Medication use and hospital‐acquired acute kidney injury: an electronic health record‐based study
Authors: Li Ling , Baker Jannah , Rathnayake Kasun , Kotwal Sradha , Westbrook Johanna I. , Day Richard , Endre Zoltan
Published: October 2022

Background and Aims

Medications remain an important contributor to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aimed to examine associations between (i) administration of medications known to reduce glomerular filtration rate (GFR), that is, GFR modifiers and subsequent hospital‐acquired AKI; and (ii) potentially medication‐related AKI and patient adverse outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study utilising electronic health record data of patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Australia in 2015. Timing of medication administration was compared with timing of AKI development. AKI cases were identified using an algorithm based on serum creatinine level changes. Multilevel regression models were applied with adjustment for relevant demographic and clinical factors.

Results

Among 11 503 admissions, AKI was identified in 955 patients (8.3%) and 637 (66.7% of 955) were preceded by administration of a GFR modifier. Patients without prior AKI were 17% more likely to develop AKI after administration of these medications (adjusted odds ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.003–1.37). Older age and comorbidity with diabetes, acute myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, liver cirrhosis and multiple myeloma were also significant predictors. Patients with potentially medication‐related AKI were 11.69 times more likely to die in hospital (95% CI 7.84–17.43) and stayed 3.49 times longer in hospital (95% CI 3.26–3.73), compared with those without AKI.

Conclusions

Administration of medications contributing to the reduction of GFR is associated with an increased risk of hospital‐acquired AKI and worse patient outcomes. Caution is required when prescribing these medications to patients at risk of developing AKI, and monitoring patients for deterioration is needed if administered.
A meta‐analysis of the genetic contribution to greenhouse gas emission in sheep
Authors: Ghavi Hossein‐Zadeh Navid
Published: October 2022

The objective of this study was to use a random‐effects model of meta‐analysis to merge various heritability estimates of different gas emission traits (methane yield [METY], methane production [METP], carbon dioxide production [CO2], the sum of carbon dioxide and methane production [METP + CO2], ratio, and oxygen consumption [O2]) and their genetic association with growth and partial efficiency traits in sheep. A total of 53 genetic correlations and 47 heritability estimates from 13 scientific articles were used in the meta‐analysis. The included papers were published between 2010 and 2022. To measure heterogeneity, Chi‐square (Q) test was performed, and the I2 statistic was determined. The average heritability estimates for the studied traits were low to moderate and ranged from 0.137 (for METY) to 0.250 (for METP + CO2). The heterogeneity test of heritability estimates indicated that heritability estimates for METY, O2 consumption, and had low Q values and non‐significant heterogeneity (p > 0.10). However, the average heritability estimates for other traits experienced significant heterogeneities (p < 0.10). The genetic correlation estimate between METP with O2 was −0.597 (p < 0.05), but its genetic correlations with other gas traits ranged from 0.593 (with METP + CO2) to 0.653 (CO2; p < 0.05). Also, mean estimates of genetic correlation between METP with live weight (LW), feed intake (FI), and residual feed intake (RFI) were 0.719, 0.598, and 0.408, respectively. The genetic correlations of CO2 with performance traits varied from 0.641 (with RFI) to 0.833 (with FI; p < 0.05). This meta‐analysis showed gas emission traits in sheep are under low‐to‐moderate genetic control. The average genetic parameter estimates obtained in this study could be considered in the genetic selection programmes for sheep, especially when there is no access to accurate phenotypic records or genetic parameter estimates for gas emission traits.
Secondary structure, thermal and functional characterization of low molecular weight glutenin subunits in relation to instant noodle quality
Authors: Dangi Priya , Chaudhary Nisha , Khatkar Bhupendar Singh
Published: October 2022

The research work aimed to investigate the secondary structure, thermal and functional behavior of gluten, glutenin and low molecular weight‐glutenin subunits (LMW‐GS) of Indian wheat and to establish significant correlation among these techno‐functional attributes. The secondary structure as revealed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that glutenins exhibited maximum absorption intensity (595.6 cm2), followed by LMW‐GS (517.1 cm2) and gluten (276.87 cm2) in the amide I region. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of gluten, glutenin and LMW‐GS recorded disruption of the covalent peptide linkages in the amino acid residues at 273, 275 and 238°C, respectively. The denaturation peak temperature of gluten, glutenin and LMW‐GS, as evident from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves was 112.94, 173.88 and 108.08°C, respectively. Considerable variations were observed in the oil uptake, cooked weight, cooking loss, hardness and chewiness values of instant noodles on addition of gluten, glutenin and LMW‐GS, respectively.

Novelty impact statement

The research work provides an insight to the secondary structure and thermal behavior of gluten, glutenin and unreduced LMW‐GS. The functional assessment of these fractions was carried out in terms of instant noodle quality. The cooked instant noodles fortified with these fractions exhibited significant variation in their microstructures as revealed from scanning electron microscopy.
Advances in structure and function of auxin response factor in plants
Authors: Li Yonghui , Han Shaqila , Qi Yanhua
Published: October 2022

Auxin is a crucial phytohormone that has various effects on the regulators of plant growth and development. Auxin signal transduction is mainly controlled by two gene families: auxin response factor (ARF) and auxin/indole‐3‐acetic acid (Aux/IAA). ARFs are plant‐specific transcription factors that bind directly to auxin response elements in the promoters of auxin‐responsive genes. ARF proteins contain three conserved regions: a conserved N‐terminal B3 DNA‐binding domain, a variable intermediate middle region domain that functions in activation or repression, and a C‐terminal domain including the Phox and Bem1p region for dimerization, similar to the III and IV elements of Aux/IAA, which facilitate protein–protein interaction through homodimerization of ARF proteins or heterodimerization of ARF and Aux/IAA proteins. In the two decades following the identification of the first ARF, 23 ARF members have been identified and characterized in Arabidopsis. Using whole‐genome sequencing, 22, 25, 23, 25, and 36 ARF genes have been identified in tomato, rice, wheat, sorghum, and maize, respectively, in addition to which the related biofunctions of some ARFs have been reported. ARFs play crucial roles in regulating the growth and development of roots, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and phytohormone signal crosstalk. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the structures and functions of ARFs in Arabidopsis, tomato, and cereal crops, to provide clues for future basic research on phytohormone signaling and the molecular design breeding of crops.
Advancement and challenges in sample preparation for atomic force microscopy and infrared microscopy for wood‐based materials
Authors: Schoeffmann Elisabeth Anna , Mahendran Arunjunai Raj , Zikulnig‐Rusch Edith , Plank Harald
Published: October 2022

Wood‐based materials such as composites or laminates play an important role in today's furniture industry, especially in manufacturing high‐quality kitchen and dining room furniture. One important aspect after fabrication is the investigation of these materials to derive quality metrics such as surface stain and scuff resistance. Current sample preparation methods are mostly straightforward and rely on cutting and grinding the materials under test, including sensitive wood substrates. To investigate cross‐sections and different layer topologies, characterisation techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and infrared (IR) microscopy are of potential interest. However, a huge limitation is that current sample preparation methods lead to smeared coatings on the sample cross‐sections and high surface roughness. Hence, these methods are not applicable for the sample preparation in measuring AFM and IR microscopy. Therefore, new preparation techniques need to be developed accordingly. This article presents a new approach towards coated wood‐based sample preparation including embedding processes to use those samples for AFM and IR microscopy technologies. The proposed method has been evaluated by obtaining AFM, IR and microscopy measurements of more than four different wood‐based samples such as (i) raw paper, (ii) impregnated paper, (iii) melamine‐coated chipboards and (iv) medium‐density fibreboards. The investigation results showed a significant improvement in sample preparation, as well as clear chemical and physical characterisation over whole sample construction, including coating layers, for wood‐based materials.
Following a standardised pathway: Healthcare professionals' perspectives on person‐centred care within ERAS for patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Petersson Åsa , Hellström Amanda , Assarsson Jeanette , Schildmeijer Kristina
Published: October 2022

Aims and objectives

To describe healthcare professionals' perceptions of person‐centred care for patients with colorectal cancer, within the standardised care concept of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery.

Background

International guidelines for colorectal surgery describe standardised perioperative care. Combining standardised care with person‐centred care could be accomplished using the person‐centred nursing framework for establishing and maintaining relationships with patients. Despite strong evidence for the standardised care concepts' medical benefits, studies concerning the practice of person‐centred care from a nursing point of view are sparse.

Design

A qualitative descriptive design was used.

Methods

Four focus groups interviews were performed including 22 healthcare professionals with 1–29 years' experience of caring for patients with colorectal cancer. Data were analysed using qualitative conventional content analysis. The COREQ checklist for reporting qualitative research was used.

Results

Three themes emerged in the analysis; Framework in the healthcare system, Facing differences in participation and Interacting with the person beyond the illness. Conditions for person‐centred care were related to the interactions between patients and healthcare professionals, the structure of care were also considered relevant.

Conclusion

There is a discrepancy between what is considered important to do and what is done in clinical practice to create conditions for patient participation. Interacting with patients and creating an interprofessional environment are important conditions, the structure of care is also a fundamental key to promoting person‐centred care. There is a need for further improvement in care of patients with colorectal cancer to achieve person‐centredness within standardised care.

Relevance to clinical practice

The findings provide valuable insights into what healthcare professionals consider to be important for achieving person‐centred care. This knowledge can be useful in clinical practice and education programs.

Patient or public contribution

At the outset of the study, three patients were interviewed aimed at improving the conditions for the healthcare professionals' focus groups.
Heterozygous Actg2R257C mice mimic the phenotype of megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome
Authors: Cai Hui , Xiao Yongtao , Chen Shanshan , Lu Ying , Du Jun , You Yaying , Zhu Jing , Zhou Jie , Cai Wei , Wang Ying
Published: October 2022

Background

Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a rare and serious congenital disorder with poor outcomes, where a heterozygous missense mutation is present in the ACTG2 gene. Here, we aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of ACTG2 in MMIHS.

Methods

A cohort with 20 patients with MMIHS was screened. Actg2R257C heterozygous mutant mice were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Gastrointestinal (GI) motility, voluntary urination, collagen gel contraction, and G‐actin/F‐actin analysis were performed.

Key Results

The R257C variant of ACTG2 most frequently occurred in patients with MMIHS and demonstrated the typical symptoms of MMIHS. Actg2R257C heterozygous mutant mice had dilated intestines and bladders. The functional assay showed a prolonged total time of GI transit and decreased urine spot area. Collagen gel contraction assay and G‐actin/F‐actin analysis indicated that mutant mice showed reduced area of contraction of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and impaired actin polymerization.

Conclusions & Inferences

A mouse model demonstrating MMIHS‐like symptoms was generated. The Actg2R257C heterozygous variant impairs SMCs contraction by interfering with actin polymerization, leading to GI motility disorders.
TaERF87 and TaAKS1 synergistically regulate TaP5CS1/TaP5CR1‐mediated proline biosynthesis to enhance drought tolerance in wheat
Authors: Du Linying , Huang Xueling , Ding Li , Wang Zhongxue , Tang Dongling , Chen Bin , Ao Lanjiya , Liu Yuling , Kang Zhensheng , Mao Hude
Published: October 2022

Drought stress limits wheat production and threatens food security world‐wide. While ethylene‐responsive factors (ERFs) are known to regulate plant response to drought stress, the regulatory mechanisms responsible for a tolerant phenotype remain unclear.

Here, we describe the positive regulatory role of TaERF87 in mediating wheat tolerance to drought stress. TaERF87 overexpression (OE) enhances drought tolerance, while silencing leads to drought sensitivity in wheat. RNA sequencing with biochemical assays revealed that TaERF87 activates the expression of the proline biosynthesis genes TaP5CS1 and TaP5CR1 via direct binding to GCC‐box elements. Furthermore, proline accumulates to higher levels in TaERF87‐ and TaP5CS1‐OE lines than that in wild‐type plants under well‐watered and drought stress conditions concomitantly with enhanced drought tolerance in these transgenic lines.

Moreover, the interaction between TaERF87 and the bHLH transcription factor TaAKS1 synergistically enhances TaP5CS1 and TaP5CR1 transcriptional activation. TaAKS1 OE also increases wheat drought tolerance by promoting proline accumulation. Additionally, our findings verified that TaERF87 and TaAKS1 are targets of abscisic acid‐responsive element binding factor 2 (TaABF2).

Together, our study elucidates the mechanisms underlying a positive response to drought stress mediated by the TaABF2–TaERF87/TaAKS1–TaP5CS1/TaP5CR1 module, and identifies candidate genes for the development of elite drought‐tolerant wheat varieties.
Modified Masquelet Technique Assisting 3D Printed Elbow Prosthesis for Open Elbow Fracture with Severe Bone Defect: A Case Report and Technique Note
Authors: Zhu Chunquan , Zhang Chong , Zhao Yong , Yu Guorong , Yu Li
Published: October 2022

Background

Internal fixation for severe open articular bone defects is sometimes ineffective or dangerous. In the emergency stage, radical debridement and infection prevention are demanded to provide a good tissue base and the space‐occupying effect to provide enough necessary space to avoid soft‐tissue contraction for the reconstruction. In addition, the 3D printing technology makes individual limb reconstruction a reality.

Case Presentation

Here, we present a 31‐year‐old patient with an open fracture and severe bone defect of his left elbow caused by traffic accident, classified as Gustilo–Anderson IIIB. We adopted aggressive debridement and insertion of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) to prevent the infection and temporarily construct the bone defect in the emergency stage. Secondly, the total elbow arthroplasty was performed using a unique three‐dimensional (3D) printed prosthesis to reconstruct the elbow joint. During the follow‐up, the elbow movement function was satisfactory.

Conclusions

The modified Masquelet technique assisting 3D printing of personalized elbow joint makes the satisfactory functional reconstruction for open high‐energy injuries come true. It could be promoted for the similar surgery of other open joints fractures with severe bone defects.
A replication of “exploring and explaining contracting out: Patterns among the American states”
Authors: Qian Jing , Lu Jiahuan , Zhao Jianzhi
Published: October 2022

This manuscript conducts both a narrow and wide replication of Brudney et al. (2005, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 15[3], pp. 393–419), focusing on the scope, perceived effectiveness, and antecedents of contracting out. The replication joins the original study in indicating that state agencies widely used contracting out in service delivery, but their perceived effects on service costs and quality were mixed. The replication coincides with the original study in suggesting that contracting out was an agency‐specific practice driven more by pragmatic factors but reports some divergences in the effects of individual factors. Overall, our replication concurs with the original study in many aspects, but also adds new nuances. There seems to be no single pattern underlying the use of contracting out, and thus no single factor could determine contracting out under all circumstances. Rather, contracting is a dynamic practice used by agencies for certain contingencies.
The effect of fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals on pediatric atopic dermatitis: A systematic review
Authors: Labib Angelina , Golpanian Rachel S. , Aickara Divya , Smith Peter , Yosipovitch Gil
Published: October 2022

Background

A body of research has examined the role of fatty acid (FA), vitamin, and mineral supplementation as adjunctive treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD); however, results are conflicting and concrete recommendations are lacking. The objective of this study is to highlight the role of these nutrients in alleviating AD severity and provide the clinician with consolidated information that can be used to make recommendations to the pediatric patient and caretaker, where this topic is of high interest.

Methods

A review of the PubMed and Embase databases was conducted to identify and qualitatively analyze all randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta‐analyses conducted within the last 21 years regarding use of these nutrients to alleviate symptoms of AD. Inclusion criteria include AD diagnosis, non‐infant age groups, and AD severity outcomes; exclusion criteria include preventative studies, predominantly maternal or infant demographics, or nonclinical outcomes.

Results

Sixty‐nine studies were included. Evidence regarding FA supplementation is inconclusive; however, targeting an ideal omega‐3:omega‐6 FA ratio may play a small role in alleviating AD symptoms. Studies results regarding vitamin/mineral supplementation are inconsistent and supplementation should not be advised unless the patient has a documented deficiency.

Conclusion

Pediatric AD patients should lead a healthy lifestyle with an emphasis on consumption of wholesome foods. Nutritional supplementation can play a role in improving AD symptoms; however, this should be evaluated on a case‐by‐case basis. Limitations include heterogeneity of studies.
Cutaneous collagenous vasculopathy in a pediatric patient
Authors: Firsowicz Maya , Haller Courtney N. , Soldano Anthony , Keeling Brett H. , Diaz Lucia Z.
Published: October 2022

We report the case of a 13‐year‐old female who presented with punctate, erythematous macules coalescing into patches on the upper extremities and left thigh. A skin biopsy demonstrated dilated capillary‐sized blood vessels in the papillary dermis consistent with a diagnosis of cutaneous collagenous vasculopathy (CCV). To our knowledge, this is the youngest patient to present with CCV and will represent the third pediatric case in the literature.
Post‐discharge follow‐up attendance after pediatric dermatology consultation in the emergency department: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Cucka Bethany , Biglione Bianca , Lima Xinaida T. , Smith Gideon P. , Yun Brian J. , Kroshinsky Daniela
Published: October 2022

The emergency department (ED) is a frequent source of care for pediatric patients with dermatologic conditions, possibly owing to limited access to routine and urgent outpatient dermatology appointments. The demographics, clinical characteristics, follow‐up scheduling practices, and attendance rates of 50 pediatric and 142 adult patients evaluated by the dermatology consult service in the ED were reviewed. High rates of follow‐up attendance were observed in the pediatric and adult populations, with the majority receiving an appointment within 2 weeks. The dermatology consult service may play an important role in facilitating post‐discharge access to outpatient care.