bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Free radicals induced by sunlight in different spectral regions – in vivo versus ex vivo study
Authors: Lohan Silke B. , Müller Robert , Albrecht Stephanie , Mink Kathrin , Tscherch Kathrin , Ismaeel Fakher , Lademann Jürgen , Rohn Sascha , Meinke Martina C.
Published: February 2016

Sunlight represents an exogenous factor stimulating formation of free radicals which can induce cell damage. To assess the effect of the different spectral solar regions on the development of free radicals in skin, in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) investigations with human volunteers and ex vivo studies on excised human and porcine skin were carried out. For all skin probes, the ultraviolet (UV) spectral region stimulates the most intensive radical formation, followed by the visible (VIS) and the near infrared (NIR) regions. A comparison between the different skin models shows that for UV light, the fastest and highest production of free radicals could be detected in vivo, followed by excised porcine and human skin. The same distribution pattern was found for the VIS/NIR spectral regions, whereby the differences in radical formation between in vivo and ex vivo were less pronounced. An analysis of lipid composition in vivo before and after exposure to UV light clearly showed modifications in several skin lipid components; a decrease of ceramide subclass [AP2] and an increase of ceramide subclass [NP2], sodium cholesterol sulphate and squalene (SQ) were detectable. In contrast, VIS/NIR irradiation led to an increase of ceramides [AP2] and SCS, and a decrease of SQ. These results, which are largely comparable for the different skin models investigated in vivo and ex vivo, indicate that radiation exposure in different spectral regions strongly influences radical production in skin and also results in changes in skin lipid composition, which is essential for barrier function.
India's Groundwater Storage Trends Influenced by Tube Well Intensification
Authors: Chinnasamy Pennan , Agoramoorthy Govindasamy
Published: February 2016

Agriculture is a major occupation for people who inhabit the state of West Bengal in India. In order to boost irrigation, 570 tube wells per year were installed during 2002‐2008, and 12,000 wells per year were installed during 2009‐2013, contributing to higher groundwater (GW) withdrawal. However, the impact of tube wells on GW storage levels has not been well‐studied, both spatially and temporally. Hence, this study used remote sensing data from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment and the Global Land Data Assimilation Systems to assess change in GW storage. Results showed that GW is being depleted at 8, 5.3, and 14.7 cm (Billion Cubic Meters)/year during the study period. After tube well intensification, the state‐wide average net GW recharge was 15.33 BCM/year, while the net GW discharge was at 19 BCM/year. The spatiotemporal GW storage data presented in this paper will benefit managers and policymakers in identifying suitable mitigation plans for future management of GW resources.
Growth Effects of Remittances in Bangladesh: Is there a U‐shaped Relationship?
Authors: Hassan Gazi M. , Chowdhury Mamta , Bhuyan Mohammed
Published: February 2016

This article shows that the effect of remittances on economic growth involves a U‐shaped pattern, which is negative initially but later becomes positive. The analysis differs significantly from earlier studies in that it examines important methodological issues on the specification and estimation of the long‐run growth effects of remittances by estimating their impact on total factor productivity (TFP) rather than on the growth rate of GDP, using time series data from Bangladesh. The use of single‐equation cointegration methods shows that remittances’ effect on long‐run growth in Bangladesh is negative and falling until the remittances‐to‐GDP ratio is roughly eight per cent. The benefits of remittances receipts outweigh their costs and their net effects start to become positive when the ratio exceeds 14 per cent.
Matched population‐based study examining the risk of type 2 diabetes in people with and without diagnosed hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Schnier C. , Wild S. , Kurdi Z. , Povey C. , Goldberg D. J. , Hutchinson S. J.
Published: February 2016

Meta‐analyses have found hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection to be associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we examine this association within a large population‐based study, according to HCV RNA status. A data‐linkage approach was used to examine the excess risk of diagnosed T2DM in people diagnosed with antibodies to HCV (anti‐HCV) in Scotland (21 929 anti‐HCV+ves; involving 15 827 HCV RNA+ves, 3927 HCV RNA−ves and 2175 with unknown RNA‐status) compared to that of a threefold larger general population sample matched for gender, age and postcode (65 074 anti‐HCV−ves). To investigate effects of ascertainment bias the following periods were studied: up to 1 year before (pre‐HCV)/within 1 year of (peri‐HCV)/more than 1 year post (post‐HCV) the date of HCV‐diagnosis. T2DM had been diagnosed in 2.9% of anti‐HCV+ves (including 3.2% of HCV RNA+ves and 2.3% of HCV RNA−ves) and 2.7% of anti‐HCV−ves. A higher proportion of T2DM was diagnosed in the peri‐HCV period (i.e. around the time of HCV‐diagnosis) for the anti‐HCV+ves (22%) compared to anti‐HCV−ves (10%). In both the pre‐HCV and post‐HCV periods, only those anti‐HCV+ves living in less deprived areas (13% of the cohort) were found to have a significant excess risk of T2DM compared to anti‐HCV−ves (adjusted odds ratio in the pre‐HCV period: 4.0 for females and 2.3 for males; adjusted hazard ratio in the post‐HCV period: 1.5). These findings were similarly observed for both HCV RNA+ves (chronic) and HCV RNA−ves (resolved). In the largest study of T2DM among chronic HCV‐infected individuals to date, there was no evidence to indicate that infection conveyed an appreciable excess risk of T2DM at the population level.
Path‐dependency versus Reform in Pensions and Family Policy Re‐examined: Dual Trajectories of the Polish Welfare State since the 1990s
Authors: Inglot Tomasz
Published: February 2016

Many studies of the welfare state in Poland underestimate continuity in pension policy and overlook evidence of change in family policy. I argue that each of these policies evolves historically along dual trajectories. One trajectory represents a set of constantly reproduced and politically reinforced norms and structures, and the other exemplifies cyclical, emergency adjustments and innovations, enabling incremental and cumulative change that may potentially produce path‐departure. Even though the paradigms which guide the two policy areas originate in the same period of the golden age of the European welfare state, pensions, which more closely resemble the overall development of Polish social policy as a whole, are likely to remain path‐dependent more consistently into the future, whereas family policy exhibits clear signs of change, indicating a gradual but significant break with the past.
Flow and Heat Transfer in Micro Pin Fin Heat Sinks With Nano-Encapsulated Phase Change Materials
Authors: Rajabifar Bahram , Seyf Hamid Reza , Zhang Yuwen , Khanna Sanjeev K.
Published: February 2016

In this paper, a 3D-conjugated heat transfer model for nano-encapsulated phase change materials (NEPCMs) cooled micro pin fin heat sink (MPFHS) is presented. The governing equations of flow and heat transfer are solved using a finite volume method based on collocated grid and the results are validated with the available data reported in the literature. The effect of nanoparticles volume fraction (C = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3), inlet velocity (Vin = 0.015, 0.030, and 0.045 m/s), and bottom wall temperature (Twall = 299.15, 303.15, 315.15, and 350.15 K) is studied on Nusselt and Euler numbers as well as temperature contours in the system. The results indicate that significant heat transfer enhancement is achieved when using the NEPCM slurry as an advanced coolant. The maximum Nusselt number when NEPCM slurry (C = 0.3) with Vin = 0.015, 0.030, and 0.045 (m/s) is employed is 2.27, 1.81, and 1.56 times higher than the ones with base fluid, respectively. However, with increasing bottom wall temperature, the Nusselt number first increases then decreases. The former is due to higher heat transfer capability of coolant at temperatures over the melting range of phase change material (PCM) particles due to partial melting of nanoparticles in this range. However, the latter phenomenon is due to the lower capability of the NEPCM particles and consequently coolant in absorbing heat at coolant temperatures is higher than the temperature correspond to fully melted NEPCM. It was observed that the NEPCM slurry has a drastic effect on the Euler number, and with increasing volume fraction and decreasing inlet velocity, the Euler number increases accordingly.
Forced Response of a Centrifugal Compressor Stage Due to the Impeller–Diffuser Interaction
Authors: Walton Edward J. , Tan Choon S.
Published: February 2016

The impact mode coupling between impeller blades and the disk backwall has on the forced response amplitude of impeller blades is assessed. The assessments focus on the forced response of two splitter blade modes to a variety of representative boundary conditions and unsteady loadings. The forcing function is the synchronous unsteady loading generated by the impeller–diffuser interaction at resonance. The results indicate that modal coupling of blade- and disk-dominant modes renders the forced response highly sensitive to small variations in airfoil and disk backwall thickness. As a complement, a reduced-order model based on the forced response of a two mass–spring system is used to elucidate the physical interaction of modal coupling. The practical implication of this finding is that a forced response issue with an impeller blade cannot be addressed adequately by stiffening the structure, such as thickening the blade or disk. Thus, appropriate measures need to be taken to avoid potential blade–disk mode couplings within the manufacturing tolerances of the part.
Delay of Rotating Stall in Compressors Using Plasma Actuators
Authors: Ashrafi Farzad , Michaud Mathias , Duc Vo Huu
Published: February 2016

Rotating stall is a well-known aerodynamic instability in compressors that limits the operating envelope of aircraft gas turbine engines. An innovative method for delaying the most common form of rotating stall inception using an annular dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuator had been proposed. A DBD plasma actuator is a simple solid-state device that converts electricity directly into flow acceleration through partial air ionization. However, the proposed concept had only been preliminarily evaluated with numerical simulations on an isolated axial rotor using a relatively basic CFD code. This paper provides both an experimental and a numerical assessment of this concept for an axial compressor stage as well as a centrifugal compressor stage, with both stages being part of a low-speed two-stage axial-centrifugal compressor test rig. The two configurations studied are the two-stage configuration with a 100 mN/m annular casing plasma actuator placed just upstream of the axial rotor leading edge (LE) and the single-stage centrifugal compressor with the same actuator placed upstream of the impeller LE. The tested configurations were simulated with a commercial RANS CFD code (ansys cfx) in which was implemented the latest engineering DBD plasma model and dynamic throttle boundary condition, using single-passage multiple blade row computational domains. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations indicate that in both types of compressors, the actuator delays the stall inception by pushing the incoming/tip clearance flow interface downstream into the blade passage. In each case, the predicted reduction in stalling mass flow matches the experimental value reasonably well.
Leaf development and demography explain photosynthetic seasonality in Amazon evergreen forests
Authors: Wu Jin , Albert Loren P. , Lopes Aline P. , Restrepo-Coupe Natalia , Hayek Matthew , Wiedemann Kenia T. , Guan Kaiyu , Stark Scott C. , Christoffersen Bradley , Prohaska Neill , Tavares Julia V. , Marostica Suelen , Kobayashi Hideki , Ferreira Mauricio L. , Campos Kleber Silva , da Silva Rodrigo , Brando Paulo M. , Dye Dennis G. , Huxman Travis E. , Huete Alfredo R. , Nelson Bruce W. , Saleska Scott R.
Published: February 2016

Leaf seasonality in Amazon forests

Models assume that lower precipitation in tropical forests means less plant-available water and less photosynthesis. Direct measurements in the Amazon, however, show that production remains constant or increases in the dry season. To investigate this mismatch, Wu
et al.
use tower-based cameras to detect the phenology (i.e., the seasonal patterns) of leaf dynamics in tropical tree crowns in Amazonia, Brazil, and relate this to patterns of CO
2
flux. Accounting for age-dependent variation among individual leaves and crowns is necessary for understanding the seasonal dynamics of photosynthesis in the entire ecosystem. Leaf phenology regulates seasonality of the carbon flux in tropical forests across a gradient of climate zones.

Science
, this issue p.
972
The TopoVIB-Like protein family is required for meiotic DNA double-strand break formation
Authors: Robert T. , Nore A. , Brun C. , Maffre C. , Crimi B. , Guichard V. , Bourbon H.-M. , de Massy B.
Published: February 2016

A partner protein for meiotic snip

Eukaryotes generate germ cells through meiotic recombination. This process initiates through breaks in genomic DNA catalyzed by the SPO11 protein. Vrielynck
et al.
and Robert
et al.
discover that SPO11, like topoisomerase VI enzymes, interacts with a partner protein (see the Perspective by Bouuaert and Keeney). This partner is required for proper meiotic recombination and is found in a wide range of eukaryotes, suggesting that it is a universal feature of the essential recombination step.

Science
, this issue p.
939
,
943
; see also p.
916
Palladium-tin catalysts for the direct synthesis of H
2
O
2
with high selectivity
Authors: Freakley Simon J. , He Qian , Harrhy Jonathan H. , Lu Li , Crole David A. , Morgan David J. , Ntainjua Edwin N. , Edwards Jennifer K. , Carley Albert F. , Borisevich Albina Y. , Kiely Christopher J. , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: February 2016

Direct hydrogen peroxide synthesis

Hydrogen peroxide is synthesized industrially without direct contact of hydrogen and oxygen in order to achieve high concentrations. For many applications, only dilute aqueous solutions are needed. Freakley
et al.
report an improvement in the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide over using palladium-tin alloys. This catalyst still achieves selectivities of >95%, like palladium-gold alloys, but is cheaper and can suppress reactions that decompose the product.

Science
, this issue p.
965
Herpes Simplex Virus and Interferon Signaling Induce Novel Autophagic Clusters in Sensory Neurons
Authors: Katzenell Sarah , Leib David A.
Published: February 2016

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establishes lifelong infection in the neurons of trigeminal ganglia (TG), cycling between productive infection and latency. Neuronal antiviral responses are driven by type I interferon (IFN) and are crucial to controlling HSV-1 virulence. Autophagy also plays a role in this neuronal antiviral response, but the mechanism remains obscure. In this study, HSV-1 infection of murine TG neurons triggered unusual clusters of autophagosomes, predominantly in neurons lacking detectable HSV-1 antigen. Treatment of neurons with IFN-β induced a similar response, and cluster formation by infection or IFN treatment was dependent upon an intact IFN-signaling pathway. The autophagic clusters were decorated with both ISG15, an essential effecter of the antiviral response, and p62, a selective autophagy receptor. The autophagic clusters were not induced by rapamycin or starvation, consistent with a process of selective autophagy. While clusters were triggered by other neurotropic herpesviruses, infection with unrelated viruses failed to induce this response. Following ocular infection
in vivo
, clusters formed exclusively in the infected ophthalmic branch of the TG. Taken together, our results show that infection with HSV and antiviral signaling in TG neurons produce an unorthodox autophagic response. This autophagic clustering is associated with antiviral signaling, the presence of viral genome, and the absence of HSV protein expression and may therefore represent an important neuronal response to HSV infection and the establishment of latency.

IMPORTANCE
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous virus and a significant cause of morbidity and some mortality. It is the causative agent of benign cold sores, but it can also cause blindness and life-threatening encephalitis. The success of HSV-1 is largely due to its ability to establish lifelong latent infections in neurons and to occasionally reactivate. The exact mechanisms by which neurons defend against virus infection is poorly understood, but such defense is at least partially mediated by autophagy, an intracellular pathway by which pathogens and other unwanted cargoes are degraded. The study demonstrates and investigates a new autophagic structure that appears to be specific to the interaction between neurotropic herpesviruses and murine primary sensory neurons. This work may therefore have important implications for our understanding of latency and reactivation.
In the nick of time: arterial thrombosis on starting combination chemotherapy in metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Boon Ian S , Boon Cheng S
Published: February 2016

A 70-year-old man newly diagnosed with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma was started on standard first-line palliative chemotherapy with anthracycline (epirubicin), platinum (oxaliplatin) and fluoropyrimidine (capecitabine); EOX combination chemotherapy. 5 days after the first cycle of chemotherapy, he presented with tachycardia with associated severe abdominal and lumbar pains. Initial investigations confirmed life-threatening metabolic acidosis with serum lactate of 9.7 mmol/L (normal range 0.5–2.2 mmol/L). CT angiogram identified acute arterial thrombosis within the abdominal aorta, lumbar and right common iliac artery, which was absent on staging contrast CT scan 6 weeks prior. The patient was immediately anticoagulated and chemotherapy discontinued. Urgent oncology and surgical opinions advised conservative management. The patient responded well to early treatment and survived this acute episode. He was subsequently started on life-long treatment dose enoxaparin and second-line single agent chemotherapy with docetaxel (taxotere), with no reported complications.
Colored-Edge Graph Approach for the Modeling of Multimodal Transportation Systems
Authors: Ensor Andrew , Lillo Felipe
Published: February 2016

Many networked systems involve multiple modes of transport. Such systems are called multimodal, and examples include logistic networks, biomedical phenomena and telecommunication networks. Existing techniques for determining minimal paths in multimodal networks have either required heuristics or else application-specific constraints to obtain tractable problems, removing the multimodal traits of the network during analysis. In this paper weighted colored-edge graphs are introduced for modeling multimodal networks, where colors represent the modes of transportation. Minimal paths are selected using a partial order that compares the weights in each color, resulting in a Pareto set of minimal paths. Although the computation of minimal paths is theoretically intractable and [Formula: see text]-complete, the approach is shown to be tractable through experimental analyses without the need to apply heuristics or constraints.
An FLRW cosmology with a chameleon field
Authors: Karchi Amir Pouyan Khosravi , Shojaie Hossein
Published: February 2016

In this paper, the field equations of a chameleon field in which the matter Lagrangian term is a general function of the scalar field as well as matter field, are derived. The equations are then expressed in Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) framework and the associated phase portraits and a power law solution are discussed in details. It is shown that why nonminimal coupling between the chameleon and matter fields leads to an energy transfer between the fields, which consequently affects the expansion rate of the universe. The transfer direction is determined by the second law of thermodynamics. The solution indicates that an accelerating expansion of the universe can be described as a result of the energy flow from the chameleon field to matter field.
HETEROGENEITY OF TIME-DEPENDENT MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HUMAN CORTICAL BONE AT THE MICRO SCALE
Authors: Jaramillo-Isaza Sebastián , Mazeran Pierre-Emmanuel , El-Kirat Karim , Tho Marie-Christine Ho Ba
Published: February 2016

Background: Remodeling process affects the mineral content of osteons and imparts heterogeneity through secondary mineralization; the aim of the present study is to assess the elastic and plastic time-dependent mechanical properties of osteons reflecting different mineral content as well as interstitial tissue of human femoral cortical bone by nanoindentation. Methods: Four trapezoiform blocks approximately 3[Formula: see text]mm thick were cut from the distal end of different human femoral diaphysis. Osteons with different apparent mineral degrees were classified by means of gray levels imaging using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM). Nanoindentation tests were performed in the longitudinal direction of the bone axis using a four-stage protocol (load-hold-unload-hold) and the experimental curves were fitted by a mechanical model allowing the determination of the time-dependent mechanical properties. Results: Apparent low mineral content impact negatively the mechanical response of bone material at the micro-scale. Mechanical response varies among osteons exhibiting different mineral degrees. The values of the apparent elastic modulus double when the strain rate is analyzed at the extreme values ([Formula: see text] and infinity) whatever the bone component. Conclusions: These results evidence the mechanical heterogeneity of bone microstructure due to remodeling process. The quantification of the time-dependent mechanical properties could be useful to improve numerical models of bone behavior and provide new insights to build up original biomimetic materials.
Quinoline-annulated chlorins and chlorin-analogs
Authors: Akhigbe Joshua , Yang Mengxi , Luciano Michael , Brückner Christian
Published: February 2016

The OsO4-mediated dihydroxylation of quinoline-annulated porphyrin generates a quinoline-annulated dihydroxychlorin in a regioselective fashion. Its dihydroxypyrroline moiety, located at the opposite of the annulated pyrrole, is susceptible to the same functional group interconversions we previously demonstrated for non-annulated dihydroxychlorins: oxidations to the corresponding dione, lactone, and dialkoxymorpholine derivatives. The quinoline-annulated chlorin and derivatives are all characterized by absorption spectra that are much broadened and between 130 and 220 nm red-shifted compared to their non-annulated analogs. Absorbance maxima in the NIR up to well above 800 nm were recorded. We attribute the bathochromic shift to their extended [Formula: see text]-systems and inferred non-planarity, highlighting that quinoline-annulation is a particularly effective and simple strategy to red-shift the absorption spectra of chlorins and chlorin analogs.
Synthesis of porphyrins bearing alkynyl- or arylalkynyl-meso-groups
Authors: Dekkiche Hervé , Kikkawa Yoshihiro , Karmazin Lydia , Jeandon Christophe , Ruppert Romain
Published: February 2016

The synthesis of new porphyrins bearing external coordination sites and long alkyl chains is described. In particular, the possibility to use the Sonogashira coupling to introduce long alkynyl chains and the synthetic pathway to obtain these compounds is detailed. Two crystal structures of these new porphyrin derivatives were obtained. The synthesis of porphyrin dimers linked by a palladium(II) ion is also reported and some electronic consequences presented.
Correlation of Surface Toll-Like Receptor 9 Expression with IL-17 Production in Neutrophils during Septic Peritonitis in Mice Induced byE. coli
Authors: Ren Yunjia , Hua Li , Meng Xiuping , Xiao Yue , Hao Xu , Guo Sheng , Zhao Peiyan , Wang Luowei , Dong Boqi , Yu Yongli , Wang Liying
Published: February 2016

IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by various immune cells. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the first line of defense in bacterial infection and express surface Toll-like receptor 9 (sTLR9). To study the relationship of sTLR9 and IL-17 in PMNs during bacterial infection, we infected mice withE. coliintraperitoneally to establish a septic peritonitis model for studying the PMNs response in peritoneal cavity. We found that PMNs and some of “giant cells” were massively accumulated in the peritoneal cavity of mice with fatal septic peritonitis induced byE. coli. Kinetically, the CD11b+PMNs were increased from 20–40% at 18 hours to >80% at 72 hours after infection. AfterE. coliinfection, sTLR9 expression on CD11b+and CD11b−PMNs and macrophages in the PLCs were increased at early stage and deceased at late stage; IL-17 expression was also increased in CD11b+PMNs, CD11b−PMNs, macrophages, and CD3+T cells. Using experiments ofin vitroblockage, qRT-PCR and cell sorting, we confirmed that PMNs in the PLCs did increase their IL-17 expression duringE. coliinfection. Interestingly, sTLR9−CD11b+Ly6G+PMNs, not sTLR9+CD11b+Ly6G+PMNs, were found to be able to increase their IL-17 expression. Together, the data may help understand novel roles of PMNs in septic peritonitis.
Core Cross-linked Star Polymers for Temperature/pH Controlled Delivery of 5-Fluorouracil
Authors: Sánchez-Bustos Elizabeth , Cornejo-Bravo José M. , Licea-Claverie Angel
Published: February 2016

RAFT polymerization with cross-linking was used to prepare core cross-linked star polymers bearing temperature sensitive arms. The arms consisted of a diblock copolymer containingN-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and 4-methacryloyloxy benzoic acid (4MBA) in the temperature sensitive block and poly(hexyl acrylate) forming the second hydrophobic block, while ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate was used to form the core. The acid comonomer provides pH sensitivity to the arms and also increases the transition temperature of polyNIPAAm to values in the range of 40 to 46°C. Light scattering and atomic force microscopy studies suggest that loose core star polymers were obtained. The star polymers were loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an anticancer agent, in values of up to 30 w/w%.In vitrorelease experiments were performed at different temperatures and pH values, as well as with heating and cooling temperature cycles. Faster drug release was obtained at 42°C or pH 6, compared to normal physiological conditions (37°C, pH 7.4). The drug carriers prepared acted as nanopumps changing the release kinetics of 5-FU when temperatures cycles were applied, in contrast with release rates at a constant temperature. The prepared core cross-linked star polymers represent advanced drug delivery vehicles optimized for 5-FU with potential application in cancer treatment.
The Changed Route of Anterior Tibial Artery due to Healed Fracture
Authors: Gökkuş Kemal , Sagtas Ergin , Comert Nuri , Unal Mehmet Bekir , Baloglu Murat
Published: February 2016

We would like to highlight unusual sequelae of healed distal third diaphyseal tibia fracture that was treated conservatively 36 years ago, in which we incidentally detected peripheral CT angiography. The anterior tibial artery was enveloped three-quarterly by the healing callus of the bone (distal tibia).
A High-Fat, High-Fructose Diet Induces Antioxidant Imbalance and Increases the Risk and Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice
Authors: Jarukamjorn Kanokwan , Jearapong Nattharat , Pimson Charinya , Chatuphonprasert Waranya
Published: February 2016

Excessive fat liver is an important manifestation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. In the present study, the effects of a high-fat, high-fructose diet (HFFD) on mRNA levels and activities of the antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were determined in mouse livers and brains. The histomorphology of the livers was examined and the state of nonenzymatic reducing system was evaluated by measuring the glutathione system and the lipid peroxidation. Histopathology of the liver showed that fat accumulation and inflammation depended on the period of the HFFD-consumption. The levels of mRNA and enzymatic activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx were raised, followed by the increases in malondialdehyde levels in livers and brains of the HFFD mice. The oxidized GSSG content was increased while the total GSH and the reduced GSH were decreased, resulting in the increase in the GSH/GSSG ratio in both livers and brains of the HFFD mice. These observations suggested that liver damage and oxidative stress in the significant organs were generated by continuous HFFD-consumption. Imbalance of antioxidant condition induced by long-term HFFD-consumption might increase the risk and progression of NAFLD.
Omental Torsion after Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Mimicking Appendicitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Descloux Alexandre , Basilicata Giacinto , Nocito Antonio
Published: February 2016

Introduction. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) is a common procedure in obesity surgery. The aim of an antecolic approach is to reduce the rate of internal herniation. Our aim is to make bariatric surgeons aware of another possible complication of antecolic LRYGBP.Methods and Results. We present a case report of omental torsion 24 months after antecolic LRYGBP presenting as an acute abdomen, suggesting appendicitis. During diagnostic laparoscopy, omental infarction due to torsion was observed. Resection of the avital omentum was performed.Discussion. Omental torsion after antecolic LRYGBP is a rare complication. When appearing in the early postoperative phase, it may mimic an anastomotic leakage. It may also occur as late complication, presenting with acute abdomen as an appendicitis.
Acupuncture Treatment of Lateral Elbow Pain: A Nonrandomized Pilot Study
Authors: Liu Yan-Song , Gadau Marcus , Zhang Guo-Xue , Liu Hao , Wang Fu-Chun , Zaslawski Christopher , Li Tie , Tan Yuan-Sheng , Berle Christine , Li Wei-Hong , Bangrazi Sergio , Liguori Stefano , Zhang Shi-Ping
Published: February 2016

In planning for a large‐scale multicenter trial to evaluate the effect of acupuncture for the treatment of lateral elbow pain, a pilot study was conducted. This was a prospective, investigator‐ and patient‐blinded, nonrandomized, placebo controlled trial. Subjects were evaluated at baseline, before fourth, seventh, and ninth treatment, and at a two‐week posttreatment follow‐up. The treatment group received unilateral acupuncture at LI 10 and LI 11 at the affected side with manual needle manipulation; the control group received sham‐laser acupuncture at the same acupoints. Measures included (i) disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) questionnaire, (ii) pain‐free grip strength (PFGS), and (iii) a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Significant differences in DASH score, PFGS, and VAS between treatment and control group were found at the ninth treatment (n = 20 for each group, P < 0.05). Only DASH showed significant differences compared to the control for all the measurement time points after treatment commenced and appears to be a sensitive and appropriate primary outcome measure for the future multisite trial. Results from this pilot study provided relevant information about treatment efficacy, credibility of control treatment, and sensitivity of different outcome measures for the planning of the future trial.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Studies for Potential Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Gajo Giovanna Cardoso , de Assis Tamiris Maria , Assis Letícia Cristina , Ramalho Teodorico Castro , da Cunha Elaine Fontes Ferreira
Published: February 2016

A series of pyridylthiazole derivatives developed by Lawrence et al. as Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitors were subjected to four-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (4D-QSAR) analysis. The models were generated applying genetic algorithm (GA) optimization combined with partial least squares (PLS) regression. The best model presented validation values ofr2=0.773,qCV2=0.672,rpred2=0.503,Δrm2=0.197,rm test2⁡⁡=0.520,rY-rand2=0.19, andRp2=0.590. Furthermore, analyzing the descriptors it was possible to propose new compounds that predicted higher inhibitory concentration values than the most active compound of the series.
Fetus in fetu: From Prenatal Sonographic Diagnosis to Postnatal Confirmation
Authors: Song Qing-Yun , Jiang Xiao-Ping , Jiang Yu , Ning Gang , Yang Tai-Zhu
Published: February 2016

A case of prenatal sonographic diagnosis of fetus in fetu is described. Postnatal laparotomy was performed and the diagnosis was confirmed by pathological examination.
Corneal Melting after Collagen Cross-Linking for Keratoconus in a Thin Cornea of a Diabetic Patient Treated with Topical Nepafenac: A Case Report with a Literature Review
Authors: Mohamed-Noriega Karim , Butrón-Valdez Karla , Vazquez-Galvan Jeronimo , Mohamed-Noriega Jibran , Cavazos-Adame Humberto , Mohamed-Hamsho Jesús
Published: February 2016

Purpose: To report the case of a 50-year-old woman with diabetes that presented with corneal melting and perforation 6 weeks after collagen cross-linking (CxL) for keratoconus (KC) and postoperative use of nepafenac eye drops, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Methods: This is a case report of a patient with diabetes, KC and a thin cornea that had undergone left eye corneal CxL at a different hospital followed by postoperative use of nepafenac eye drops for 6 weeks. Results: The patient presented for the first time to our clinic with left corneal melting, perforation and iris prolapse 6 weeks after corneal CxL and topical nepafenac use. She was treated with a left eye tectonic penetrating keratoplasty, extracapsular cataract extraction, intraocular lens implantation and pupilloplasty. Conclusions: The corneal melting and perforation in this patient was associated with multiple risk factors: (1) nepafenac eye drop use, (2) CxL in a cornea thinner than 400 µm and (3) diabetes. The recommended corneal thickness limits should be respected. Topical NSAIDs should be used with caution if used as postoperative treatment after corneal CxL and in patients with diabetes, epithelial defect or delayed healing, because of the possible increased risk for corneal melting when multiple risk factors are observed.
Os deveres do erudito: filosofia e oratória em Fichte
Authors: Vaccari Ulisses Razzante
Published: February 2016

O artigo procura investigar o papel da oratória na filosofia de Fichte, principalmente nas Preleções sobre o destino do erudito e em Sobre o espírito e a letra na filosofia. Para isso, procura mostrar, num primeiro momento, que a concepção de erudito [Gelehrter] de Fichte é devedora do conceito kantiano de gênio e ao mesmo tempo da concepção de Cícero segundo a qual é dever do erudito, na qualidade de educador, unir às suas qualidades filosóficas também as da oratória. Num segundo momento, o artigo refaz a distinção entre espírito e letra e procura mostrar como a oratória pode ser pensada como uma forma de despertar o espírito do ouvinte por meio de uma teoria da imaginação produtiva.
‘Wandering Arameans?’ Interrogating Identity in a Diasporic Society: Dalitness in Indian Hyphenated Americans
Authors: Sebastian J. Jayakiran
Published: February 2016

This article examines and problematizes the question of how Indian Christians coming from a Dalit background and now living in the United States negotiate the question of identity. It seeks to complicate further the identitarian narratives of the Asian American diasporic communities and reminds us of the possibility of ‘multifaceted identities’ of the diaspora, reflecting persistent social hierarchies such as caste consciousness. Taking its cue from a pioneering Dalit theologian’s appropriation of the ‘wandering Aramean’, the essay asks if Dalit theology can point the way forward towards forging new alliances in the new context, where new opportunities exist alongside memories of, and embodiment of, old hierarchical and stratified realities?
Internal Contradictions and External Anxieties: One ‘Coherent’ Arctic Policy for the European Union?
Authors: Stępień Adam
Published: February 2016

The European Union’s overarching policy towards the Arctic is an umbrella policy of complementary and coordination nature composed of internal, external and foreign policy elements. This article examines the policy framework from the perspective of ‘coherence’. What could a coherent and integrated EU Arctic policy entail – as called for by the Council and the European Parliament? I problematise the notion of coherence and offer an understanding of coherence deemed workable in the context of a regionfocused policy-making. Different dimensions of coherence are discussed: internal (lack of contradictory objectives), institutional (coherence between EU institutions), vertical (between the EU and its member states) and external (interaction with other Arctic actors). A number of interrelated contradictions or dichotomies are identified with focus on: Circumpolar versus European Arctic, maritime and terrestrial, internal and external, environmental and developmental goals. There is also a tension between the eagerness to adjust to narratives prevalent in the Arctic – owing to the anxiety of Arctic actors regarding the EU’S presence – and the need to respond to internal voices and retain EU values. While coherence as an ideal goal is a necessary principle of policymaking, its practical application may be counterproductive to a cross-cutting policy field, unless the meaning of ‘coherence’ is specified. I argue that the umbrella Arctic policy should be characterised by procedural rather than outcome coherence. That includes developing and maintaining durable mechanisms for dialogue with Arctic partners, management of the impact of EU policies, ongoing identification of gaps, effective internal coordination frameworks, and modes of continued involvement in Arctic governance structures. The Arctic policy could provide input into general EU decision-making processes, especially if inconsistencies are revealed. Institutional setting with a less dominant role of services focused on maritime and external aspects should be considered.
The Cylapinae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera: Miridae) of India: review of the subfamily with description of new species
Authors: Yeshwanth H. M. , Chérot F. , Gorczyca J. , Wolski A.
Published: February 2016

The subfamily Cylapinae (Insecta, Heteroptera: Miridae) from India is reviewed. Three tribes, seven genera and nineteen species are cited from the country, keyed and described. Six species are described as new: Fulvius kadapaensis sp. nov., Peritropis kodava sp. nov., Peritropis pathaki sp. nov., Peritropis sangai sp. nov., Peritropis yasunagai sp. nov. and Rhinomiris prathapani sp. nov. A new synonymy is published: Peritropis lewisi (Distant, 1904) (valid name) = Peritropis indicus Gorczyca, 2006b (new junior subjective synonym).
Directly Placed Restorative Materials
Authors: Schwendicke F. , Göstemeyer G. , Blunck U. , Paris S. , Hsu L.-Y. , Tu Y.-K.
Published: February 2016

For restoring cavitated dental lesions, whether carious or not, a large number of material combinations are available. We aimed to systematically review and synthesize data of comparative dental restorative trials. A systematic review was performed. Randomized controlled trials published between 2005 and 2015 were included that compared the survival of ≥2 restorative and/or adhesive materials (i.e., no need for restorative reintervention). Pairwise and Bayesian network meta-analyses were performed, with separate evaluations for cervical cavitated lesions and load-bearing posterior cavitated lesions in permanent and primary teeth. A total of 11,070 restorations (5,330 cervical, 5,740 load bearing) had been placed in 3,633 patients in the included trials. Thirty-six trials investigated restoration of cervical lesions (all in permanent teeth) and 36 of load-bearing lesions (8 in primary and 28 in permanent teeth). Resin-modified glass ionomer cements had the highest chance of survival in cervical cavitated lesions; composites or compomers placed via 2-step self-etch and 3-step etch-and-rinse adhesives were ranked next. Restorations placed with 2-step etch-and-rinse or 1-step self-etch adhesives performed worst. For load-bearing restorations, conventional composites had the highest probability of survival, while siloranes were found least suitable. Ambiguity remains regarding which adhesive strategy to use in load-bearing cavitated lesions. Most studies showed high risk of bias, and several comparisons were prone for publication bias. If prioritized for survival, resin-modified glass ionomer cements might be recommended to restore cervical lesions. For load-bearing ones, conventional or bulk fill composites seem most suitable. The available evidence is quantitatively and qualitatively insufficient for further recommendations, especially with regard to adhesive strategies in posterior load-bearing situations. Moreover, different material classifications might yield different findings on the same materials. Future trials should aim for sufficient power, longer follow-up times, and high internal validity to prove or refute differences between certain material combinations. An agreed material classification for future syntheses is desirable.
Effective Expansion
Authors: Suiter E.A. , Watson L.E. , Tantbirojn D. , Lou J.S.B. , Versluis A.
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between hygroscopic expansion and polymerization shrinkage for compensation of polymerization shrinkage stresses in a restored tooth. One resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI) (Ketac Nano, 3M ESPE), 2 compomers (Dyract, Dentsply; Compoglass, Ivoclar), and a universal resin-based composite (Esthet•X HD, Dentsply) were tested. Volumetric change after polymerization (“total shrinkage”) and during 4 wk of water storage at 37°C was measured using an optical method ( n = 10). Post-gel shrinkage was measured during polymerization using a strain gauge method ( n = 10). Extracted human molars with large mesio-occluso-distal slot preparations were restored with the tested restorative materials. Tooth surfaces at baseline (preparation), after restoration, and during 4 wk of 37°C water storage were scanned with an optical scanner to determine cuspal flexure ( n = 8). Occlusal interface integrity was measured using dye penetration. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and post hoc tests (significance level 0.05). All tested materials shrunk after polymerization. RMGI had the highest total shrinkage (4.65%) but lowest post-gel shrinkage (0.35%). Shrinkage values dropped significantly during storage in water but had not completely compensated polymerization shrinkage after 4 wk. All restored teeth initially exhibited inward (negative) cuspal flexure due to polymerization shrinkage. Cuspal flexure with the RMGI restoration was significantly less (–6.4 µm) than with the other materials (−12.1 to −14.1 µm). After 1 d, cuspal flexure reversed to +5.0 µm cuspal expansion with the RMGI and increased to +9.3 µm at 4 wk. After 4 wk, hygroscopic expansion compensated cuspal flexure in a compomer (Compoglass) and reduced flexure with Dyract and resin-based composite. Marginal integrity (93.7% intact restoration wall) was best for the Compoglass restorations and lowest (73.1%) for the RMGI restorations. Hygroscopic expansion was more effective in compensating shrinkage stress than would be assumed based on total shrinkage, because only post-gel shrinkage needed compensation. Effective expansion is therefore hygroscopic expansion minus post-gel shrinkage.
Sustainability and the financialisation of commercial property: Making prime and non-prime markets
Authors: Rydin Yvonne
Published: February 2016

At the same time that the sustainability agenda has gained purchase within the commercial property market, financialisation has also been having an impact. This article argues that this impact has been concentrated in the prime sector of the market and that there is a significant non-prime sector that also deserves attention. Using a new economic sociology framework, it presents an analysis of how sustainability concerns have penetrated both the prime and non-prime commercial property sectors, looking at the construction of the object of market exchange, the modalities of valuation and the role of calculative practices based on classificatory tools. It demonstrates why promoting sustainability is occurring in the financialised prime sector and largely being ignored elsewhere. While showing the value of a new economic sociology framework, it suggests that the claims for creating a disentangled abstract object of exchange are exaggerated where commercial property is concerned.
Relationships between duplex findings and quality of life in long-term follow-up of patients treated for chronic venous disease
Authors: Huang Ying , Gloviczki Peter
Published: February 2016

Objective

Relationships between duplex findings and data on health-related quality of life (QoL) to assess long-term results of treatment of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) are not well known. The goal of this review was to correlate duplex findings and QoL assessments in clinical studies with long-term follow-up.

Methods

A review of the English language literature on PUBMED revealed 17 clinical studies, including 9 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 6 prospective, and 2 retrospective studies that included patients with at least 5-year follow-up after endovenous laser ablation (EVLA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS), and traditional superficial venous surgery.

Results

At 5 years, great saphenous vein (GSV) occlusion rate on duplex ultrasound ranged from 66% to 82% for EVLA, from 62% to 92% for RFA, from 41% to 58% for UGFS and from 54% to 85% for surgery. Freedom from GSV reflux rates were 82% and 84%, respectively for EVLA and surgery, and ranged between 84% and 95% for RFA. Significant improvements were observed in several domains of generic QoL and in most domains of venous disease-specific QoL, irrespective of the treatment. In at least one RCT, CIVIQ scores correlated well with abnormal duplex findings in patients who underwent treatment with UGFS. In another RCT, long-term AVVQ was significantly better after surgery as compared with UGFS similar to results of duplex findings.

Conclusions

Analysis of the available literature confirmed that all four techniques were effective in the abolishment of reflux or obliteration of the GSV. Moreover, well-designed RCTs with large sample size are needed to produce robust long-term data on clinical outcome after treatment of varicose veins and CVI and to better understand the relationships between duplex-derived data and QoL assessments.
Chronic leg ulcer: does a patient always get a correct diagnosis and adequate treatment?
Authors: Mooij Michael C , Huisman Laurens C
Published: February 2016

Patients with chronic leg ulcers have severely impaired quality of life and account for a high percentage of annual healthcare costs. To establish the cause of a chronic leg ulcer, referral to a center with a multidisciplinary team of professionals is often necessary. Treating the underlying cause diminishes healing time and reduces costs. In venous leg ulcers adequate compression therapy is still a problem. It can be improved by training the professionals with pressure measuring devices. A perfect fitting of elastic stockings is important to prevent venous leg ulcer recurrence. In most cases, custom-made stockings are the best choice for this purpose.