bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practice & Opinion of Doctors in Hospitals toward Referral System in Iraq
Authors: Al-Shatari Sahar Abdul Hassan , Rayhan Taghlub H.
Published: December 2022

Background: Primary Health care (PHC) is unanimous to be the cornerstone of a person-centered health system. While the adoption of a well-function, two-way, and organized referral system is the mainstay in the development of an efficient healthcare delivery system.  

Objective: To Assess the practice & opinion of doctors in the hospitals toward the referral system.  to determine the doctors in the hospital's commitment to referral system instructions and guidelines.

Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study with analytic elements was conducted in nine Iraqi governorates. Eight doctors from each health directorate, resulting in a total of 72 doctors using a specially designed questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS, the P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: of the total 72 physicians, 31(43.1%) aged 40-49years, 48(66.7%) were males, and 58(80.6%) were specialists., 58 doctors (80.6%) had no coordination with the PHC-doctors, the same percentage considered the current referral system is ineffective. PHC patients-crowded, doctors-shortage were the causes of inadequately filling PHC-part of the referral form. And PHC-hospital doctors-coordination had a significant association with their age, gender, and their thinking about adequate filling.

Conclusion: despite the importance of the referral system, half of the doctors disagreed about the current referral system’s effectiveness; & most of them had no coordination with the PHC-doctors. PHC crowded/doctors’ shortage the main causes of inadequate filling PHC part of referral-form.

 

 

 

الملخص:

الخلفية: تعتبر الرعاية الصحية الأولية بالإجماع حجر الزاوية في نظام صحي يركز على المريض. في حين أن اعتماد نظام إحالة جيد ثنائي الاتجاه ومنظم هو الدعامة الأساسية في تطوير نظام فعال لتقديم الرعاية الصحية.

الهدف: تقييم ممارسة ورأي الأطباء في المستشفيات تجاه نظام الإحالة. كذلك لتحديد مدى التزام الأطباء في المستشفى بتعليمات وإرشادات نظام الإحالة.

طريقة البحث: أجريت دراسة مقطعية مع عناصر تحليلية في تسع محافظات عراقية. ثمانية أطباء من كل مديرية صحية ، مما أدى إلى ااشتراك 72 طبيبًا في استبيان مصمم خصيصًا للبحث. تم إجراء التحليل الإحصائي باستخدام SPSS ، واعتبر P≤0.05 ذو دلالة إحصائية.

النتائج: من إجمالي 72 طبيبًا ، 31 (43.1٪) تتراوح أعمارهم بين 40-49 عامًا ، 48 (66.7٪) من الذكورو 58 (80.6٪) من المتخصصين. ، 58 (80.6٪) منهم ليس لديهم اي تنسيق مع أطباء الرعاية الصحية الأولية. و بنفس النسبة يعتبرون نظام الإحالة الحالي غير فعال. ازدحام المرضى في المراكز ونقص الأطباء هي اهم أسباب نقص ملأ نموذج الإحالة الخاص باطباءالمراكز الصحية بشكل مناسب. وكان لتنسيق أطباء مستشفى الرعاية الصحية الأولية علاقة كبيرة مع العمر والجنس وتفكيرهم في الملأ االنموذجي.

الخلاصة: بالرغم من أهمية نظام الإحالة ، اختلف نصف الأطباء حول فعالية نظام الإحالة الحالي. ومعظمهم ليس لديهم اي تنسيق مع أطباء المراكز الصحية. ازدحام الرعاية الصحية الأولية / نقص الأطباء اهم الأسباب الرئيسية لضعف ملأ نموذج الإحالة.
Assessment of Serum Level of Protein Carbonyl as a Marker of Protein Oxidation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yaas Amani A. , Al-Shakour Abdulkader A. , Mansour Abbas Ali
Published: December 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide and characterized by an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation. The most important factor that is responsible for oxidative stress and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is hyperglycemia. The major targets of ROS are proteins. The most common and widely used biomarker of severe oxidative protein damage is protein carbonyl content.
The study was designed to assess the serum level of protein carbonyl as a marker of protein oxidation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to evaluate the effect of age, body weight, waist circumference, diabetic control and disease duration on the level of protein carbonyl.
Subjects and Methods: This is a case-control study that included 91 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Eighty-five non-diabetic apparently healthy subjects matched for both age and sex with cases were enrolled as controls. Fasting blood samples were collected after an overnight fasting to measure protein carbonyl, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, and glycated hemoglobin.
Results: The level of serum protein carbonyl was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in controls and positively correlated with glycated hemoglobin, age of participant and disease duration as well as with body mass index and waist circumference.
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increase in protein oxidation in term of increase in the level of serum protein carbonyl with significant association in those who had poor glycemic control, obesity, higher age, and prolonged disease duration suggest that the carbonyl content of protein may be useful in evaluating the disease progression. Significant positive correlation of protein carbonyl together with waist circumference suggest that individual with central obesity are more susceptible to protein oxidation.
Many Known Quantum Algorithms Are Optimal: Symmetry-Based Proofs
Authors: Kreinovich Vladik , Galindo Oscar , Kosheleva Olga
Published: December 2022

Many quantum algorithms have been proposed which are drastically more efficient that the best of the non-quantum algorithms for solving the same problems. A natural question is: are these quantum algorithms already optimal – in some reasonable sense – or they can be further improved? In this paper, we review recent results showing that many known quantum algorithms are actually optimal. Several of these results are based on appropriate invariances (symmetries). Specifically, we show that the following algorithms are optimal: Grover’s algorithm for fast search in an unsorted array, teleportation algorithm – which is important for parallel quantum computations, and quantum annealing optimization algorithm. This covers many algorithms related to quantum computing. We also mention that algorithms for quantum communication and Deutsch-Josza algorithm – for fast checking whether a bit affect computation results – are optimal. In all these cases, optimality is shown not just for one specific optimality criterion, but for all possible optimality criteria that satisfy the natural invariance requirement.
Estimates of the Complexity of Detecting Types of DDOS Attacks
Authors: Ignatev Nikolay A. , Navruzov Erkin R.
Published: December 2022

The problem of substantiating decisions made in the field of information security through estimates of the complexity of detecting types of DDOS attacks is considered. Estimates are a quantitative measure of a particular type of attack relative to normal network operation traffic data in its own feature space. Own space is represented by a set of informative features. To assess the complexity of detecting types of DDOS attacks, a measure of compactness by latent features on the numerical axis was used. The values of this measure were calculated as the product of intraclass similarity and interclass difference. It is shown that compactness in terms of latent features in its own space is higher than in the entire space. The values of latent features were calculated using the method of generalized estimates. According to this method, objects of normal traffic and a specific type of attack are considered as opposition to each other. An informative feature set is the result of an algorithm that uses the rules of hierarchical agglomerative grouping. At the first step, the feature with the maximum weight value is included in the set. The grouping rules apply the feature invariance property to the scales of their measurements. An analysis of the complexity of detection for 12 types of DDOS attacks is given. The power of sets of informative features ranged from 3 to 16.
Diabetes Prediction Using Binary Grey Wolf Optimization and Decision Tree
Authors: Al.Hak Layla A.
Published: December 2022

Type 2 diabetes is a well-known lifelong condition disease that reduces the human body’s ability to produce insulin. This causes high blood sugar levels, which leads to different complications, including stroke, eye, cardiovascular, kidney, and nerve damage. Although diabetes has attained the attention of huge research, the classification performance of such medical problems utilizing techniques of machine learning is quite low, primarily due to the class imbalance and the presence of missing values in data. In this work, we proposed a model using binary Grey wolf optimization (GWO) and a Decision tree. The proposed model is composed of preprocessing, feature selection, and classification. In preprocessing, that is responsible for minority class oversampling and handling missing values. In the second step, binary GWO are used to select the most significant features. In the third step, the proposed model is trained using the Decision tree algorithm. The model achieved an accuracy of 83.11% when it was applied on the Pima Indian`s dataset.
A Systematic Review of Machine Learning Applications in Land Use Land Cover Change Detection using Remote Sensing
Authors: N. Sumangala , Kini Shashidhar
Published: December 2022

Background/Purpose: The objective of this literature review is to explore different land use and land cover methods using machine learning techniques and also their applications in change detection. Reviewing various methods adopted in this domain opens up a new path for taking up further research by extending the current approaches.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The research findings presented in various scholarly articles are collected from secondary resources including scholarly journal publications. These articles are analyzed, and the interpretations are highlighted in this review paper.
Findings/Result: This research provides insight into various techniques used to classify remote sensing imagery. The gaps identified during the analysis with different approaches have helped to get a clear picture when formulating research questions in the remote sensing geographic information systems domain.
Research limitations/implications: This study has surveyed various applications of remote sensing in GIS. This study is limited to a review of the various machine-learning approaches used for implementing change detection. The various deep learning architectures for image classification could be further explored.
Originality/Value: The articles selected for review in this study are from scholarly research journals and are cited by other authors in their publications. The papers selected for review are relevant to the research work and research proposal presented in this paper.
Paper Type: Literature review paper.
AVALIAÇÃO DA PRESSÃO PLANTAR EM UMA CRIANÇA COM DIPLEGIA ESPÁSTICA:
Authors: Piva Eloeth Kaliska , Carletto Jenifer , Silva Keteelyn Araujo Da
Published: December 2022

A Paralisia Cerebral (PC) é uma desordem neurológica que nos espásticos compromete a marcha, com excesso de flexão plantar e pé equinovaro, como também, o equilíbrio e a estabilidade. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a distribuição da pressão plantar por meio do uso do baropodômetro, em uma criança com diplegia espástica. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, em que se utilizou para a avaliação o baropodômetro Kinetec - Loran Engineering, tecnologia biomecânica e o software Biomech Studio (2019), a fim de verificar as disfunções na postura estática da distribuição da pressão plantar da criança. A postura estática para avaliação foi mantida pela criança por 5 segundos, a disposição da carga plantar em membro inferior direito foi de 58,1%, enquanto que a esquerda 41,9%. A pressão média para o pé direito foi de 52,4 Kpa (r), superfície 84 cm2, tipologia do pé plano, e para o pé esquerdo 47,4 Kpa (r), com superfície de 67 cm2, tipologia do pé plano. Os pontos de pressão máxima para o pé direito e esquerdo ficaram nas regiões de metatarso I e II. O centro de gravidade movimentou-se à direita. Na diplegia espástica ocorre maior comprometimento nos membros inferiores, e a marcha em tesoura leva às assimetrias na distribuição do peso corporal, altera o equilíbrio e o controle postural. A criança avaliada apresentou inclinação anterior corporal e assimetria na descarga de peso látero-lateral, alterações que podem ser trabalhadas na fisioterapia.
PENGUJIAN EFEK DIURETIK INFUSA DAUN KOPI (Coffea arabica L.) PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR
Authors: Suharyanisa Suharyanisa , Marpaung Jon Kenedy , Purba Ivan Elisabeth , Simahara Bengi
Published: December 2022

Diuretik bekerja pada ginjal dengan cara meningkatkan eksresi air dan natrium klorida. Kecenderungan masyarakat mengonsumsi diuretik berbahan kimia menyebabkan banyaknya efek negatif yang ditimbulkan. Penggunaan bahan alam sudah banyak diteliti untuk menggantikan obat-obatan kimia. Salah satu bahan alam yang memiliki khasiat yaitu tanaman kopi. Tanaman kopi yang digunakan bagian daunnya mengandung senyawa-senyawa antioksidan (flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, kafein dan polifenol) yang bermanfaat sebagai anti inflamasi (anti peradangan), anti kanker, diuretik, antimikroba dan aktivitas antioksidan. Infusa Daun Kopi (IDK) diperoleh menggunakan teknik infusa dengan pelarut akuades kemudian digunakan pada 25 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok I (negatif) Na-CMC 0,5 %, kelompok II (positif) Furosemid 3,6 mg/kgBB, kelompok III, IV, V IDK dosis 10, 20, 40% diberikan secara oral. Tikus diberi akuades secara oral dengan dosis 15 ml/kgBB. Tikus di letakkan di dalam kandang metabolik, kemudian pemeriksaan fisik urin dilakukan setiap 1 jam sekali selama 6 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IDK dengan dosis terbaik adalah 40% yang memberikan peningkatan volume urin, memberi pengaruh terhadap pH urin, memberi pengaruh terhadap berat jenis urin, memberi pengaruh terhadap warna urin dan memberi pengaruh terhadap kejernihan urin.
EVALUASI PERSENTASI KESESUAIAN DENGAN PEDOMAN 3 PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK DAN ANTIVIRUS PADA PASIEN COVID-19 NON VENTILATOR DI RSUD BANGIL
Authors: Triamyanti Vincentina Yenny , Yulia Rika , Herawati Fauna , Jaelani Abdul Kadir
Published: December 2022

Coronavirus (Covid-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most people infected with this virus develop mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. However, people who are older and have comorbid will experience severe illness and require medical attention that can lead to death. The aimed of this study was to provide an overview of the evaluation of the use of antibiotics and antivirals in non-ventilated Covid-19 patients at Bangil Hospital. The method used is Defined Daily Dose (DDD/100 patient-days) and One Way ANOVA analysis. Based on the DDD/100 patient-days value, the most widely used antibiotic group was Moxifloxacin and the most common antiviral group was Remdesivir. Meanwhile, based on different tests on the use of antibiotics and antivirals, it is known that there is no significant difference between those who use antibiotics and do not use antibiotics and those who use antivirals without using antivirals. Thus it can be concluded that the use of antibiotics and antivirals has no effect on the patient's recovery rate.
FSEK Kapsamında Fotoğrafın Korunmasının Yargıtay Kararları Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi
Authors: Dinler Elif
Published: December 2022

Fotoğraf, gözle görülebilen maddi varlık ve şekilleri, ışık ve kimyasal maddeler yardımıyla herhangi bir madde üzerinde saptayan fiziksel ve kimyasal işlemdir. Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle beraber son dönemde fotoğraf çekimi yapılması kolaylaşmış ve fotoğraflar günlük hayatımızın ayrılmaz bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Bu sebeple fotoğrafların korunmasına ilişkin düzenlemelerin önemi artmıştır. Fotoğrafların korunmasına ilişkin olarak birçok kanunda hüküm bulunmaktadır. Bu kanunlar; 5846 sayılı Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu, 6698 sayılı Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Kanunu, 4721 sayılı Türk Medeni Kanunu ve 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu’dur. Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu’nda eser niteliğinde olan fotoğrafların yanı sıra eser niteliği taşımayan fotoğraflara ilişkin de koruyucu hükümler düzenlenmiştir. Eser niteliği taşıyan fotoğraflar, ilim ve edebiyat eserleri ve güzel sanat eserleri kategorisinde koruma altına alınmıştır. Bu koruyucu hükümlerin Yargıtay kararlarında nasıl değerlendirildiği ise inceleme konusunu oluşturmaktadır.
7405 Sayılı Spor Kulüpleri ve Spor Federasyonları Kanunu na Göre Spor Anonim Şirketleri ve Bu Şirketlerin Diğer Anonim Şirketlerle Karşılaştırılması
Authors: YÜCE Aydın Alber
Published: December 2022

Spor Kulüpleri ve Spor Federasyonları Kanunu ile, spor faaliyetlerine katılan anonim şirketlerin
“spor anonim şirketi” vasfını kazanmaları öngörülmektedir. Spor anonim şirketleri, hem bir spor
kulübüne bağlı şekilde hem de bir spor kulübünden bağımsız olarak kurulabilecektir. Kanunun genel
gerekçesine göre, böylelikle, profesyonel olmayan spor dalları da dahil olmak üzere sporda
şirketleşmenin önü açılmaktadır. Spor anonim şirketi niteliğinin kazanılabilmesi için Gençlik ve
Spor Bakanlığı nezdinde bu yönde bir tescil şartı getirilmektedir.
Kanun teklifinin TBMM Millî Eğitim, Kültür, Gençlik ve Spor Komisyonu’nda kabul edilmesinden
itibaren, kamuoyunda özellikle spor kulüplerinin yönetiminde bulunanların sorumluluklarının
önemli derecede ağırlaştırıldığı yönünde yorumlar yapılmıştır. Ancak, bizzat teklife ait genel
gerekçede, ticaret kanununa benzer düzenlemeler yapıldığı belirtilmektedir. Dolayısıyla, kanun
teklifi yasalaştığı için, spor kulüpleri açısından önemli değişiklikler gelmiştir. Zira, spor
ekonomisinin önemli bir kısmını pay senetleri borsada işlem gören dört büyük futbol kulübünün
oluşturduğu bilinmektedir.
Kanun ile, spor anonim şirketlerine getirilen malî kısıtlamalarla birlikte, bazı temlik ve
borçlanma işlemleri de suç olarak düzenlenmektedir. Spor anonim şirketlerine denk bütçe
zorunluluğu bu Kanun ile getirilmektedir. Bütçe denkliği denetimini ilgili spor federasyonu
gerçekleştirecektir. Ayrıca Kanun ile, spor anonim şirketleri açısından bazı tür kamu borçlarının
bulunmaması zorunluluğunun konulması da bu anlamda dikkat çekicidir.
Bu çalışmada, spor anonim şirketi kavramı incelenecektir. İnceleme, “spor anonim şirketi”
kavramının, bu vasıfta olmayan anonim şirketlere göre ne türde bir farklılık arz ettiğine yönelik
olacaktır. Bilhassa, spor anonim şirketlerinin hissedarlık yapısı ve yönetimi açısından farklılığın
ortaya konulması, özellikle, aslında TTK ve SerPK ile kabul edilmiş olan sistemle karşılaştırmak
suretiyle yapılacaktır. Bu anlamda ayrıca, Kanun ile gelen sorumluluk sistemi ile mali disiplinin
sağlanmasına yönelik hükümlerin, halihazırda faal olan anonim şirketlerin tabi olduğu sisteme
nazaran nasıl bir farklılık arz ettiğine temas edilecektir.
Hypoparathyroidism due to iron overload in beta-thalassemia patients
Authors: Razooqi Mohammed Mazin , Hazim Hamoode Rana , Ibrahim AL- Mahdawi Fatimah Kadhim
Published: December 2022

Introduction and Aim: Beta-thalassemia is a genetic blood condition characterized by a lack of or abnormal globin chain synthesis, resulting in low hemoglobin levels needing repeated blood transfusions. Iron overload and skeletal issues are frequently observed in beta-thalassemia patients. The current study aims to assess the bone status of beta-thalassemia major patients who are on treatment with repeated blood transfusion and compare it to thalassemia patients who do not require blood transfusion.
 
Material and Methods: In this case-control study, conducted between December 2021 and April 2022 at Al-Shams Medical Laboratory, Diayla Governorate, 150 subjects were included consisting of 100 thalassemia patients and 50 healthy individuals.
 
Results: This study revealed that in patients with minor and moderate thalassemia, the levels of red blood and white blood cells considerably increased. Additionally, both minor and major thalassemia patients had significantly higher platelet counts, and a considerably higher iron and ferritin levels. PTH, vitamin D, calcium, and calcium phosphate levels all significantly decreased in major thalassemia patients when compared to patients with moderate thalassemia and the control group, however phosphorus levels sharply increased.
 
 
Conclusion: Patients with significant thalassemia have an unstable bone profile and hence, regular bone profile monitoring is recommended. In addition, such individuals are also advised to take calcium and vitamin D supplements and receive strong nutritional support.
Mapping the Research on Spirituality and Culture: a Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Geaquinto Rocha Raysa , Fry Louis (Jody) W.
Published: December 2022

Although receiving growing attention, research concerning spirituality and its impact on culture has been researched for decades. For that reason, we mapped the research on spirituality and culture to gain a better understanding of how this domain has evolved by carrying out a systematic literature review using Scopus to collect metadata. First, using Biblioshiny, we conducted a bibliometric analysis and content analysis of the conceptual and social structures of the metadata to reveal research evolution from 1977 to 2021, networks, and collaborations. Next, we offer key insights regarding trends, journals, papers, authors, institutions, and countries. Then, we classified these results into major thematic clusters – (i) leisure, pilgrimage, and tourism, (ii) leadership, (iii) religion and spirituality in business, and (iv) cultures – emphasizing their contributions and presenting a research agenda. Finally, we present implications for future research on spirituality and culture.
Electronic Voting System Essentials and Problems
Authors:   Russian-Armenian University, Avetisyan Arman
Published: December 2022

The development of reliable and safe e-voting systems is relevant because of the wide range of applications. This paper provides an analysis of modern electronic voting systems based on security criteria. An analysis was conducted based on the most popular modern e-voting system architectures. The analysis provides a baseline for developing a secure e-voting system.
Complete Caps in Affine Geometry AG(n, 3)
Authors:   Institute for Informatics and Automation Problems of NAS RA, Karapetyan Karen
Published: December 2022

We consider the problem of constructing complete caps in affine geometry AG(n, 3) of dimension n over the field F3 of order three. We will take the elements of F3 to be 0, 1 and 2. A cap is a set of points, no three of which are collinear. Using the concept of Pn - set, we give two new methods for constructing complete caps in affine geometry AG(n, 3). These methods lead to some new upper and lower bounds on the possible minimal and maximal cardinality of complete caps in affine geometry AG(n, 3).
Analytical Inversion of Tridiagonal Hermitian Matrices
Authors:   Yerevan State University, Hakopian Yuri , Manukyan Avetik ,   Yerevan State University
Published: December 2022

In this paper we give an algorithm for inverting complex tridiagonal Hermitian matrices with optimal computational efforts. For matrices of a special form and, in particular, for Toeplitz matrices, the derived formulas lead to closed-form expressions for the elements of inverse matrices.
A Brief Comparison Between White Box, Targeted Adversarial Attacks in Deep Neural Networks
Authors:   Technical University of Munich, Bezirganyan Grigor , Sergoyan Henrik ,   Technical University of Munich
Published: December 2022

Today, neural networks are used in various domains, in most of which it is critical to have reliable and correct output. This is why adversarial attacks make deep neural networks less reliable to be used in safety-critical areas. Hence, it is important to study the potential attack methods to be able to develop much more robust networks. In this paper, we review four white box, targeted adversarial attacks, and compare them in terms of their misclassification rate, targeted misclassification rate, attack duration, and imperceptibility. Our goal is to find the attack(s), which would be efficient, generate adversarial samples with small perturbations, and be undetectable to the human eye.
ininflueDeveloping Aerial Unmanned Effective Decision Makers
Authors:   Institute for Informatics and Automation Problems of NAS RA, Grigoryan Sedrak , Pogossian Edward ,   Institute for Informatics and Automation Problems of NAS RA
Published: December 2022

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, drones) and similar unmanned units are becoming more and more involved in various spheres, such as agriculture, emergency situations, battles, etc. however, in decision making there are still a lot they can be improved to avoid human direct involvement in those problems. To advance in the problem we develop tools to make UAV autonomously effective decision makers, particularly, able to analyze properly given situations and then according to assigned goals select appropriate strategies to achieve the goals. In the following work we aim to provide a solution for a single UAV which is able to discover units of interest, and select the target to track, manipulate or hit based on expert specified knowledge, as well as discuss further steps.
Crystal structure, in silico molecular docking, DFT analysis and ADMET studies of N-(2-methoxy-benzyl)-acetamide
Authors: Murugan Suganya , Gunasekaran Prasanth , Nehru Jayasudha , Paul Anaglit Catherine , Dege Necmi , Cinar Emine Berrin , Kavitha Savaridasson Jose , Balasubramani Kasthuri , Thanigaimani Kaliyaperumal , Rajakannan Venkatachalam , Hemamalini Madhukar
Published: December 2022

In this work, N-(2-methoxy-benzyl)-acetamide (2MBA) was synthesized from an amide derivative and it was characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy techniques. The crystal structure of 2MBA was also validated via single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystal data for C10H13NO2 for 2MBA: Monoclinic, space group P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.1264(6) Å, b = 9.3375(7) Å, c = 11.9385(8) Å, β = 95.745(5)°, V = 1012.26(12) Å3, Z = 4, μ(MoKα) = 0.082 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.176 g/cm3, 5632 reflections measured (5.368° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 51.992°), 1990 unique (Rint = 0.0377, Rsigma = 0.0314) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0583 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.1444 (all data).  The intermolecular interactions in 2MBA were theoretically examined by Hirshfeld surface analysis and 2D fingerprint plots. Moreover, the HOMO and LUMO energy gaps of 2MBA was calculated by DFT calculation with the B3LYP/6-311G++(d,p) method. The electron-withdrawing and donating sites of the 2MBA were confirmed via molecular electrostatic potential surface analysis. The present study discusses the title compound not only highlighted the crystallographic data but also revealed good molecular interactions together with an anticancer drug target, which is a targeting PARP protein, which was an important drug target in the treatment of breast cancer.
Adsorption studies of hexavalent chromium ions on the dead biomass of Cystoseira indica
Authors: Mahmood Zahid , Zahra Samreen , Ijaz Izza
Published: December 2022

The biosorption of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solution was investigated using acid-modified dead biomass of the abundantly available brown marine alga Cystoseira indica from Karachi coastal area of Pakistan. The biosorbent was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The optimum biosorption conditions, i.e., biosorbent dosage, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, pH, and temperature, were determined by carrying out batch-mode experiments. The sorption behavior was established by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, which showed that although the uptake of metals was more feasible on a heterogeneous surface, homogeneous surface conditions seemed to exist at the same time. The thermodynamic parameters ∆G°, ∆H° and ∆S° calculated at different temperatures ranging from 298 to 318 K demonstrated that the biosorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process under the experimental conditions applied.
The effect of different molecular weight chitosan on the physical and mechanical properties of plasticized films
Authors: Mutasher Sara Hikmet , Al-Lami Hadi Salman
Published: December 2022

Packaging materials based on biodegradable polymers are a viable alternative to replacing conventional plastic packaging of fossil origin. The main two factors affecting functionality and performance are the molecular weight and the type of plasticizer used in these materials. The goal of this research was to modify unfractionated plasticized chitosan films to improve the physical and mechanical characteristics of the original unfractionated chitosan films. Chitosan extracted from local shrimp shells was zone-refined to produce five distinct chitosan fractions with molecular weights ranging from 1.089×105 to 5.605×105 g/mole. The unfractionated and fractionated chitosan films plasticized with 1:3 poly(vinyl alcohol) and 2:1 maleic acid were prepared by casting from their 2% acetic acid solutions. They were examined by FT-IR and were found to be comparable to the native chitosan spectrum, indicating that the primary backbone of the chitosan structure was unaltered. Therefore, the effects of molecular weight fractions and the type of plasticizer on the physical and mechanical properties were investigated. Examining the films’ surface topography by atomic force microscopy revealed that increasing the molecular weight of chitosan fractions from 2.702×105 to 5.605×105 g/mole affects the surface morphology of the chitosan: poly(vinyl alcohol) (1:3) film. This was accompanied by an increase in the surface roughness of the resulting film from 0.953 to 2.82, and for chitosan: maleic acid from 0.509 to 1.62. It was found that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the cast films decreased and the percent elongation at break of the plasticized fractionated chitosan films was increased, implying that less stiff films were obtained with fractionated chitosan. The outcome of this work suggests that the biodegradable fractionated chitosan blend film is a promising packaging material and that poly(vinyl alcohol) is the most suitable plasticizer for this formulation.
Chiral metallic anticancer drugs: A brief-review
Authors: Mukhtar Sofi Danish , Suhail Mohammad
Published: December 2022

Chiral metallic drugs are becoming the hottest point of discussion in the field of medicinal chemistry. As we know that more than 80% drugs are chiral in nature, and prescribed in the racemic form. The main problem with chiral drugs is the different biological activities of different enantiomers. This is because the human body has a chiral environment, as there is the presence of protein, carbohydrates, enzymes, and other chiral macromolecules. Hence, if a chiral anticancer drug is being prescribed to the patient in the racemic form, it means two or more drugs are being prescribed. Therefore, the chiral separation and analysis of chiral anticancer drugs are important for improving the quality of chiral drug medication. Many metal complexes are used as anticancer drugs, but the conditions become more critical if they have chirality or a chiral moiety, because of which they exist in two or more forms. Because of the presence of chirality or chiral moiety, the complex of metals is termed a chiral metallic complex. Of course, the enantioseparation of the chiral metallic complexes must be done before their prescription. Enantioseparation of the chiral metallic complex will not only provide a pharmaceutically active form to the patient but also reduce the side effects caused by the racemic mixture. Hence, the accessible article reviews the chiral metallic complexes having ruthenium, osmium, palladium, gold, silver, and platinum, etc. as central metal atoms. Besides, the future perspectives regarding the chiral metallic anticancer drugs and the role of their enantioseparation are also discussed.
Graphical Contents
Authors: Arslan Hakan
Published: December 2022

Graphical Contents
Sürdürülebilir Yağmur Suyu Hasadı Üzerine Yapısal Bir İnceleme
Authors: SELİMOĞLU Pınar , YAMAÇLI Ruşen
Published: December 2022

Günümüzde ekonomik, sosyal ve ekolojik sistemin bozulması gibi nedenlerle kullanılabilir su kaynakları ciddi tehlike ve risk altındadır. Artan su talebini karşılamak için teknolojinin bütün imkânlarından yararlanarak suya erişim halen mümkündür. Fakat kullanılabilir su kaynakları sonsuz değildir ve suyun ikamesi mümkün değildir. Nüfusun artması ve kullanılabilir su kaynaklarının gittikçe tükeniyor olması, ülkeleri yağmur suyu hasadı, gri su, tuzdan arınma gibi alternatif su kaynakları arayışlarına yöneltmiştir. Alternatif su kaynaklarından biri olan yağmur suyu, eski çağlardan beri insanoğlu tarafından kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada su felsefesinden kısaca bahsedilerek, yağmur suyu hasadı için kullanılan sistemlerin neler olduğundan ve yağmur suyu hasadı sistemlerin gelişimine kısaca değinilerek Dünya’daki ve ülkemizdeki yağmur suyu sisteminin uygulamasının hangi noktada olduğu, nasıl uygulandığı, ülkelerin bu konudaki politikaları hakkında bilgiler verilecektir. Gittikçe artan su talebini karşılamak için suya ulaşmada kullanılan teknolojinin ve insanların verdiği hasar, yanlış uygulamalar, ormansızlaşma, kentleşme gibi nedenlerle bozulan su döngüsü için alternatif su kaynaklarından biri olan yağmur suyu hasadının makro ve mikro ölçekte uygulanmalarının önemi ortaya konulmuştur.
TRANSTORNO DE OPOSIÇÃO DESAFIANTE (TOD): INTERVENÇÃO COGNITIVO-COMPORTAMENTAL
Authors: Viana Lidiane Rodrigues , Martins Maria das Graças Teles
Published: December 2022

INTRODUÇÃO: O Transtorno de Oposição Desafiante (TOD) afeta crianças ou adolescentes. Apresenta características como desobediência, irritabilidade, raiva, comportamentos desafiadores, contestadores e negativistas para com figuras de autoridade. Fatores biológicos, temperamentais, aprendidos e condições psicológicas contribuem para padrões instáveis do TOD. OBJETIVO: Compreender as consequências provocadas pelo Transtorno de Oposição Desafiante (TOD) na criança e a atuação da terapia cognitivo comportamental no contexto da intervenção. METODOLOGIA: A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e exploratória. Os materiais foram livros, teses, dissertações, monografias e artigos científicos disponíveis em bases de dados da Scielo, Pepsic, BvSaude, Periódicos eletrônicos. RESULTADOS: Evidenciou-se que as características das crianças com TOD envolvem temperamento impulsivo, desafiador e intolerância a frustrações e inabilidade no manejo social. Pode estar presente, perda frequente de paciência, alta irritabilidade, comportamento agressivo, impulsividade, ansiedade, teimosia constante, impaciência, hostilidade, forte descontrole emocional. A TCC se apresenta eficiente nas intervenções em crianças com o TOD. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: A intervenção da terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) no tratamento do TOD se apresenta efetiva e envolve técnicas e estratégias direcionadas ao paciente tanto no ambiente clínico terapêutico, como no seu ambiente domiciliar, envolvendo os pais e outros sujeitos de seu convívio. Na intervenção da TCC o estabelecimento do vínculo, avaliação e formulação cuidadosa do caso, postura empática e assertiva, escuta atenta e respeitosa, sistema colaborativo entre paciente e terapeuta são importantes.
Bases metodológicas e informacionales para la elaboración de un manual de liderazgo infantil en la ciudad de La Paz, Bolivia
Authors: Aguilar Gutiérrez Diana Luz , Cordero Pozo Sergio Raul , Aguilera Santos Yelka
Published: December 2022

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo profundizar en el conocimiento de las bases metodológicas e informacionales para la elaboración de un manual de liderazgo infantil en la educomunicación. La edad de los menores que forman parte de la presente investigación fue elegida entre siete a once años bajo el criterio de la tercera infancia, establecida por el psicólogo y filósofo suizo Jean Piaget, quién demuestra que en ese periodo las personas empiezan a usar su pensamiento lógico en situaciones concretas, realizan estrategias, reconocen sus limitaciones y muestran interés hacia actividades. La educación infantil debe reinventarse a las nuevas necesidades y problemáticas de una sociedad. Hoy más que nunca, es importante contar con líderes positivos en ámbitos políticos, empresariales, deportivos, económicos y culturales. 
En la metodología se utilizó el enfoque de investigación mixto, el estudio explicativo, diseño no experimental transversal, método inductivo, técnicas como la entrevista, prueba de conocimiento y grupo focal. Asimismo, se utilizó la muestra no probabilística por conveniencia y se identificó a cuatro docentes del nivel primario, una psicopedagoga y una experta en liderazgo infantil para la recolección de datos.  
Los datos recopilados permitieron describir la información y metodologías de trabajo para elaborar un manual de liderazgo, así como comprender el contexto educativo y social de los alumnos, medir el grado de conocimiento de los profesores respecto al liderazgo infantil y definir aspectos de contenido y estructura. 
Entre los principales resultados se puede mencionar que los profesores consideran que la información y metodologías de trabajo del manual deben transmitir conceptos claves e instrucciones precisas que generen la inclusión de los menores, considerando sus valores, espíritu y moral, reforzando su autoestima y compañerismo. 
En conclusión, los profesores consideran que es necesario promover el liderazgo a los niños, para que puedan tener ideas positivas y proyectarlas desde una temprana edad y así beneficiarse en todos los ámbitos cuando sean adultos. Asimismo, resaltan la importancia de los padres de familia, autoridades, personal de servicio e iglesia para incentivar esa aptitud en las Unidades Educativas.
The Trajectory of Energy-Growth Relationships Revisited: A Multi-Sectoral Analysis with Relevance of Time Inclinations in Europe
Authors: Fatima Gulzar  , Zahir Faridi  , Sajid Pervez
Published: December 2022

This study examines the multidimensional impact of energy intensity (EI) and sectoral energy consumption on economic performance (EP). A sample of dataset includes European economies consisting of three decades from 1990 to 2020 is analyzed by employing several estimators and an inclusive estimation strategy for empirical robustness. This component of research is concerned with determining the trajectory of energy-growth relationships in order to explain changes in magnitude and intensity through time. This study is required in order to make an accurate comparison across time periods that how the change dimension is increasing or decreasing. Econometric practice is panel two step GMM. This study estimated by using GMM estimation and the results have been reported on the basis of probability values of F-statistics. The Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic with chi-square p-values of under-identification test are used to check the identification of the model. The chi-square probability values of Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistics in all of the models of current study are highly significant which shows that model are identified. Moreover, Hansen J statistics are included to check validity of instruments. Our key findings suggest that energy intensity and energy mix on economic performance for European countries varies depending on the time era and degree of development. Results predict that economic expansion tends to be acutely susceptible to EI after 1990, and the lower the amount of income per capita, greater the sensitivity. It is also obvious that a broader approach is required.
Isolation of bio-molecule Baicalein (5, 6, 7-Trihydroxy flavone) from root of Oroxylum indicum L. Vent and its prospective interaction with COVID-19 Viral S-Protein Receptor Binding Domain
Authors: Gokhale Mamta , Faraz Rumana , Deshpande Isha , Garg Ashish
Published: December 2022

Newly emerged COVID-19 performs its activity through spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD). A strong competitive binding on this site can inhibit the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) activity against host cells. A significant plant bioactive molecule, Baicalein (5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone), has noteworthy effects on viral S protein. The biomolecule was isolated from an endangered medicinal tree Oroxylum indicum L. Vent. Therapeutic use various parts of Oroxylum have been mentioned in ancient literature, Ayurveda and is also being used a folklore medicine in many tribal areas of India. Molecular docking has been applied to screen the binding pattern and bond strength of biomolecule with ten amino acids. The binding site was defined with site findder algorithm. The residues were found Arg403, Glu406, Lys417, Tyr453, Ser494, Tyr495, Gly496, Phe497, Asn501, Tyr505. The biomolecule Baicalein showed effective binding capacity towards active site residues of SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain. It was found to have a strong binding affinity with RBD of S-protein of viral residues with high negative binding free energy (-12.5545 kcal/mol). Such competitive interruption of hydrogen bond formation between the viral S- protein and biomolecules’ active sites would inhibit the potency of COVID-19 infectivity.
Pedagojik Alan Bilgisine Yönelik Yürütülen Lisansüstü Tezlerinin İncelenmesi: Bir Tematik İçerik Analizi
Authors: Salihoğlu Ayça , Ankara Aleyna , Koç Kübra , Güler Mustafa
Published: December 2022

Mevcut çalışma ile 2015-2020 yılları arasında Türkiye’de matematik eğitimi alanında pedagojik alan bilgisini (PAB) konu edinen lisansüstü tezlerinin analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, Yükseköğretim Kurulu (YÖK) ulusal tez merkezinde erişime açık 80 lisansüstü tez, doküman analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Erişime açık tezlerin temel amaçları, yöntemleri, örneklem büyüklükleri/ katılımcı sayıları, örneklem türü, odaklanılan PAB bileşenleri, konu alanları, kullanılan veri toplama araçları ve araştırmaların sonuçları raporlanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, frekans ve yüzde tabloları şeklinde sunulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar, çalışmaların genellikle nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarının benimsenerek yürütüldüğünü, odaklanılan PAB bileşeni açısından teknolojik pedagojik alan bilgisine yönelik araştırmaların öne çıktığını, verin çoğunlukla görüşmeler yoluyla toplandığını göstermiştir.
Application of Heavy and Underestimated Dynamic Models in Adaptive Receding Horizon Control Without Constraints
Authors: Atinga Awudu , Tar Jozsef Kazmer
Published: December 2022

In the heuristic “Adaptive Receding Horizon Controller” (ARHC) the available dynamic model of the controlled system usually is placed in the role of a constraint under which various cost functions can be minimized over a horizon. A possible secure design can be making calculations for a “heavy dynamic model” that may produce high dynamical burden that is efficiently penalized by the cost functions and instead of the original nominal trajectory results a “deformed” one that can be realized by the controlled system of “less heavy dynamics”. In the lack of accurate system model a fixed point iterationbased adaptive approach is suggested for the precise realization of this deformed trajectory. To reduce the computational burden of the control the usual approach in which the dynamic model is considered as constraint and Lagrange-multipliers are introduced as co-state variables is evaded. The heavy dynamic model is directly built in the cost and the computationally greedy Reduced Gradient Algorithm is replaced by a transition between the simple and fast Newton-Raphson and the slower Gradient Descent algorithms (GDA). In the paper simulation examples are presented for two dynamically coupled van der Pol oscillators as a strongly nonlinear system. The comparative use of simple nondifferentiable and differentiable cost functions is considered, too.
Approach to the Design of a Microservice Architecture Based on Praxeme
Authors: Fanomezana Mihajasoa Léa , Rapatsalahy Andrianjaka Miary , Razafindrakoto Nicolas Raft , Bădică Costin
Published: December 2022

Frequent updates of business needs are one of the factors of the evolution of a company. These permanent changes require a large flexibility of the Information System (IS). SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) is an architecture that offers more scalability to an application by subdividing the monolithic block into independent services. Nevertheless, it is not sufficiently suitable in terms of accessibility of services and data. It is thus necessary to orient the design of the IS towards a new architecture called Microservice Architecture (MSA). The objective of this paper is to recommend a methodology to design MSA. Indeed, our approach is based on Praxeme which is an enterprise methodology appropriate to SOA. The result obtained from the approach proposed in this paper is a model allowing to automate the MSA design.
Analysis of Lactation, Reproductive Performance and Disorders of Dairy Cows in Waliso and Ilu Districts Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Dinkissa Abera Fekata , Girgo Ulfina Galmessa
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to assess the lactation, reproductive performance, and disorders of dairy cows in Waliso and Ilu districts. A total of 122 respondents who participated in the production of dairy cattle were chosen at random and proportional to their size. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version20. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the results such as overall means, standard error (SE), graphs, tables, frequency, and percentage. Daily milk yield of local breed cow was1.890±0.05liters/per/cow/day, while cross breed dairy cows7.410±0.31liters/ cow/day. Cross breed dairy cows produced (1978.4597±0.98) liters/ lactation/cow and native breed cows produced (429.78±17.10) liters /lactation/cow on average. Results showed that local and cross breed dairy cows had lactations length of 7.58±0.05 and 8.90±0.29 months per lactation per year. The average reproductive performance of local and cross breed dairy cows was (AFS) 44.88±0.57and 24.43±0.29 months, (AFC)53.94±0.56and 33.43±0.29 months, (CI)14.35±0.41) and 14.35±0.41months, (DO)161±0.41 and 140±0.49) days, and (NSPC)1.69±0.06 and1.70±0.10 times, respectively. Daily milk yields, average milk yields, and lactation lengths were significantly (P0.05) different between the two Districts. The overall percentages of stillbirths, dystocia, retained fetal membranes, abortions, and mastitis were 8%, 6.35 %, 6.66 %, 12.15 %, and 11.8%, respectively. In inclusion, it could be concluded that the productive lactation, reproductive performance and disorder are relatively low. Thus, indicating that it is an urgent need for well-coordinated efforts of all concerned bodies to boost the productive and reproductive performance there by enhances the livelihood of the dairy farmers.
Desenvolvimento Sustentável Rural na Baía da Babitonga: Projeto Multidisciplinar do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia e Ambiente (PPGTA)
Authors: Rhoden Sandro , Ribeiro Eduardo , Neuenlfedt Patrícia , Somensi Cleder , Faria Daniel , Alves Leandro
Published: December 2022

Contexto: Neste presente artigo apresentamos os contextos e as concepções teóricas que fundamentaram o projeto de pesquisa multidisciplinar do Mestrado Profissional em Tecnologia e Ambiente (PPGTA) aplicada em uma propriedade rural na baía da Babitonga.  Metodologia: A propsosta metodológica deste trabalho é a convergência multidisciplinar de conhecimentos distintos, possibilitando a reflexão de diferentes perspectivas para a solução dos problemas intrínsecos da relação sociedade-natureza em determinado território. Dessa maneira, esta práxis científica passa a ser identificada como atitude e como método na produção de conhecimento desta área de avaliação. Resultados: A proposta desta convergência multidisciplinar de conhecimentos no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia e Ambiente (PPGTA) está contemplada na área de concentração do curso que é o Desenvolvimento de Processos e Tecnologias Ambientais.