bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I can't express my thanks enough”: The “gratitude cycle” in online communities
Authors: Makri Stephann , Turner Sophie
Published: May 2019

Gratitude is a fundamental aspect of social interaction that positively influences emotional and social well‐being. It is also crucial for promoting online community health by motivating participation. However, how gratitude occurs and can be encouraged in online communities is not yet well understood. This exploratory study investigated how online community users experience gratitude, focusing on how gratitude expression and acknowledgment occurs, can break down or can be reinforced. Semistructured Critical Incident interviews were conducted with 8 users of various online communities, including discussion and support groups, social Q&A sites, and review sites, eliciting 17 memorable examples of giving and receiving thanks online. The findings gave rise to a process model of gratitude in online communities—the “gratitude cycle,” which provides a detailed, holistic understanding of the experience of gratitude online that can inform the design of online community platforms that aim to motivate users to perpetuate the cycle. An enriched understanding of gratitude in online communities can help ensure future platforms better support the expression and acknowledgment of thanks, encouraging participation.
A Z‐Scheme Strategy that Utilizes ZnIn2S4 and Hierarchical VS2 Microflowers with Improved Charge‐Carrier Dynamics for Superior Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Gogoi Gaurangi , Moi Ching Thian , Patra Anindya Sundar , Gogoi Devipriya , Rao Peela Nageswara , Qureshi Mohammad
Published: May 2019

One of the major limiting factors for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation is the fast recombination kinetics of photogenerated charge carriers. Herein, we propose a model system that utilizes ZnIn2S4 and hierarchical VS2 microflowers for efficient charge separation through a Z‐scheme pathway, without the need for an electron mediator. An impressive 18‐fold increase in photocurrent was observed for ZnIn2S4–VS2 compared to ZnIn2S4 alone. The charge‐transfer dynamics in the composite were found to follow a Z‐scheme pathway, which resulted in decreased charge recombination and greater accumulation of the surface charge. Furthermore, slow kinetics of the surface reaction in the ZnIn2S4–VS2 composite correlated to an increased surface‐charge capacitance. This feature of the composite material facilitated partial storage of the photogenerated charge carriers (e−/h+) under illumination and dark‐current conditions, thus storing and utilizing solar energy more efficiently.
Robust non‐fragile approach to resilient design of PID‐based blade pitch control for wind energy conversion system
Authors: Ebrahim Mohamed Ahmed , Ramadan Haitham Saad , Soliman Mahmoud
Published: May 2019

The design of a blade pitch controller (BPC) for wind energy conversion system (WECS) applications is load‐dependent and has to be adjusted for each operating condition. Thus, BPC robustness is important for coping with the endless variations in operating conditions. The boundaries of a robust stability region are determined in regards to the controller parameters plane using their relevant set of polynomial inequalities via Referential Integrity between Routh‐Hurwitz criterion and Root‐Locus (RI‐RH/RL) approach. Constrained and unconstrained stability regions respectively are defined through a novel hybrid control technique based on the combination of both RI‐RH/RL and Kharitonov (Kh) theorem. The hybrid RI‐Kh method is used for globally analyzing all vertex plants to ensure the proposed controller robustness, non‐fragility, and resilience by selecting its parameters at the center of the robust stability region. The optimal BPC‐PID parameters estimated using different optimization techniques are always located within the specified stability region. Thus, the capability of the RI‐Kh approach in determining the most robust, non‐fragile and resilient controller is verified. Through simulation results, the effectiveness of the proposed approach and its applicability to WECS' global stabilization are validated.
Clustering of co‐occurring conditions in autism spectrum disorder during early childhood: A retrospective analysis of medical claims data
Authors: Vargason Troy , Frye Richard E. , McGuinness Deborah L. , Hahn Juergen
Published: May 2019

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are frequently affected by co‐occurring medical conditions (COCs), which vary in severity, age of onset, and pathophysiological characteristics. The presence of COCs contributes to significant heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of ASD between individuals and a better understanding of COCs may offer greater insight into the etiology of ASD in specific subgroups while also providing guidance for diagnostic and treatment protocols. This study retrospectively analyzed medical claims data from a private United States health plan between years 2000 and 2015 to investigate patterns of COC diagnoses in a cohort of 3,278 children with ASD throughout their first 5 years of enrollment compared to 279,693 children from the general population without ASD diagnoses (POP cohort). Three subgroups of children with ASD were identified by k‐means clustering using these COC patterns. The first cluster was characterized by generally high rates of COC diagnosis and comprised 23.7% (n = 776) of the cohort. Diagnoses of developmental delays were dominant in the second cluster containing 26.5% (n = 870) of the cohort. Children in the third cluster, making up 49.8% (n = 1,632) of the cohort, had the lowest rates of COC diagnosis, which were slightly higher than rates observed in the POP cohort. A secondary analysis using these data found that gastrointestinal and immune disorders showed similar longitudinal patterns of prevalence, as did seizure and sleep disorders. These findings may help to better inform the development of diagnostic workup and treatment protocols for COCs in children with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1272–1285. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Medical conditions that co‐occur with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) vary significantly from person to person. This study analyzed patterns in diagnosis of co‐occurring conditions from medical claims data and observed three subtypes of children with ASD. These results may aid with screening for co‐occurring conditions in children with ASD and with understanding ASD subtypes.
Nurturescience versus neuroscience: A case for rethinking perinatal mother–infant behaviors and relationship
Authors: Bergman Nils J. , Ludwig Robert J. , Westrup Björn , Welch Martha G.
Published: May 2019

Behavioral and emotional outcomes for babies who experienced maternal separation due to prematurity or birth defects have not improved significantly for the last 20 years. Current theories and treatment paradigms based on neuroscience have not generated explanatory mechanisms that work, or provided testable hypotheses. This article proposes a new field of scientific investigation, “nurturescience” within which new hypotheses can be tested with novel instruments. Key distinctions between neuroscience and nurturescience are described. Our definition of nurturescience is based on the basic needs of all newborns and of the needs of mothers and their families. This understanding is drawn from biology, anthropology, sociology, physiological, and clinical research. Mechanisms are described from studies on microbiota, epigenetics, allostasis, brain imaging, and developmental origins of health and adult disease. The converging message from these and other fields is that the mother–infant dyad should not be separated. Ongoing emotional connection is the cornerstone of development, leading to life‐long resilience. This has implications for making the correct diagnosis (emotional disconnection vs. attachment disorder), providing the appropriate care (infant and family centered developmental care) in the biologically expected place (skin‐to‐skin contact), and potential for rehabilitation (calming cycle theory). Nurturescience has particular relevance to the care of “small and sick” infants, with profound potential for decreasing the “likelihood of developing developmental problems.”
Oligomers of α‐ABpeptoid/β3‐peptide hybrid
Authors: Lee Kang Ju , Sable Ganesh A. , Shin Min‐Kyung , Lim Hyun‐Suk
Published: May 2019

Peptoids, oligomers of N‐substituted glycines, have been attracting increasing interest due to their advantageous properties as peptidomimetics. However, due to the lack of chiral centers and amide hydrogen atoms, peptoids, in general, do not form folding structures except that they have α‐chiral side chains. We have recently developed “peptoids with backbone chirality” as a new class of peptoid foldamers called α‐ABpeptoids and demonstrated that they could have folding conformations owing to the methyl groups on chiral α‐carbons in the backbone structure. Here we report α‐ABpeptoid/β3‐peptide oligomers as a unique peptidomimetic structure with a heterogeneous backbone. This hybrid structure contains a mixed α‐ABpeptoid and β3‐peptide residues arranged in an alternate manner. These α‐ABpeptoid/β3‐peptide oligomers could form intramolecular hydrogen bonding and have better cell permeability relative to pure peptide sequences. These oligomers were shown to adopt ordered folding structures based on circular dichroism studies. Overall, α‐ABpeptoid/β3‐peptide oligomers may represent a novel class of peptidomimetic foldamers and will find a wide range of applications in biomedical and material sciences.
Design and Synthesis of Acid‐resistant Zeolite T/NaY Composite Membrane for Water/Ethanol Separation
Authors: Li Xiangbo , Zhou Zhihui , Chen Liang , Kong Chunlong , Du Hongbin
Published: May 2019

The random distribution of zeolite T on the porous α‐Al2O3 tube during growth greatly limits its application in the industry. In this study, the defective zeolite T layer is modified with zeolite NaY. A continuous and dense zeolite T/NaY composite membrane is obtained through characterization by scanning electron microscope and X‐ray diffraction. The resulting composite membrane exhibits high selectivity and high permeation flux for 90 wt % ethanol/water solution at 75 °C. Water concentration in the permeation side of the as‐synthesized zeolite T/NaY composite membrane is >99.9 wt %, whereas that of primary zeolite T layer is only 60.4 wt %. The water permeation flux of the composite membrane reaches 4.35 kg/m2/h1. The composite membrane displays good stability in acid solution when the pH of the solution is >5.
Enzymatic Route toward 6‐Methylated Baeocystin and Psilocybin
Authors: Fricke Janis , Sherwood Alexander , Kargbo Robert , Orry Andrew , Blei Felix , Naschberger Andreas , Rupp Bernhard , Hoffmeister Dirk
Published: May 2019

Psilocybin and its direct precursor baeocystin are indole alkaloids of psychotropic Psilocybe mushrooms. The pharmaceutical interest in psilocybin as a treatment option against depression and anxiety is currently being investigated in advanced clinical trials. Here, we report a biocatalytic route to synthesize 6‐methylated psilocybin and baeocystin from 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐l‐tryptophan, which was decarboxylated and phosphorylated by the Psilocybe cubensis biosynthesis enzymes PsiD and PsiK. N‐Methylation was catalyzed by PsiM. We further present an in silico structural model of PsiM that revealed a well‐conserved SAM‐binding core along with peripheral nonconserved elements that likely govern substrate preferences.
Complex regional pain syndrome: A rare but potentially disabling complication of transradial cardiac catheterization
Authors: Wiper Andrew , Amoroso Giovanni , Rao Sunil , Nolan James
Published: May 2019

Background

Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a rare complication following transradial cardiac catheterization.

Aims

To discuss the clinical features, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of CRPS.

Methods

Literature review performed.

Results

CRPS is seen rarely in the literature following upper limb arterial access for coronary procedures, which may be due to a low incidence of the syndrome as well as limited recognition and underreporting.

Discussion

The diagnosis and management of CRPS are discussed in detail.

Conclusion

If CRPS is a potential diagnosis then prompt early referral to a center with a specialist interest in CRPS is recommended. Prompt diagnosis and early commencement on the correct patient treatment pathway are essential, to avoid potentially life changing disability and the psychological consequences of living with intractable chronic undiagnosed pain.
Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol Using a Molecular Ruthenium‐Phosphine Catalyst
Authors: Westhues Niklas , Klankermayer Jürgen
Published: May 2019

Transfer hydrogenation using molecular catalysts has become a powerful tool in synthetic chemistry and a wide range of unsaturated substrates can be reduced with this protocol. Whereas reactions using iso‐propanol as hydrogen donor are already well established, recent examples demonstrate the possibility to use linear alcohols from renewable resources. Herein, the first effective transfer hydrogenation of the challenging substrate carbon dioxide (CO2) directly to methanol is described, applying a molecular ruthenium catalyst and linear alcohols as the hydrogen source. In neat ethanol, TONs up to 121 are achieved under moderate pressures of CO2. Moreover, systematic investigations enable to propose initial acceptorless dehydrogenation of the alcohol, followed by the reduction of CO2 to methanol via ethyl formate, as mechanistic basis.
Template‐Free Self‐Assembly of Artificial De Novo Viral Coat Proteins into Nanorods: Effects of Sequence, Concentration, and Temperature
Authors: Vargas Ernesto Cazares , Stuart Martien A. Cohen , de Vries Renko , Hernandez‐Garcia Armando
Published: May 2019

The self‐assembly of protein polymers is a promising route to prepare sophisticated functional nanostructures. However, the interplay between protein self‐assembly by itself and its co‐assembly with a template is not well understood. Silk‐based protein polymers that co‐assemble with DNA to form rod‐like artificial viruses are herein developed and the effects of silk block length, concentration, and temperature in the self‐assembly of the proteins alone are characterized by using a combination of bulk dynamic light scattering (DLS) and single‐molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM). Protein nanorods were slowly formed (up to hours) through the interaction of the silk‐like blocks. The proteins present a silk‐length dependent critical elongation concentration, and above it the amount and size of nanorods rapidly increase. Temperature‐dependent light scattering data was adequately fitted into a cooperative model of nucleation–elongation. These results are also important to understand the self‐assembly of designed viral coat proteins with DNA templates to form artificial virus‐like particles and help us to define general guidelines to design proteins with the ability to precisely organize matter at the nanoscale.
Continued Progress towards Efficient Functionalization of Natural and Non‐natural Targets under Mild Conditions: Oxygenation by C−H Bond Activation with Dioxirane
Authors: D'Accolti Lucia , Annese Cosimo , Fusco Caterina
Published: May 2019

The successful isolation and characterization of a dioxirane species in 1988 opened up one of the most attractive methods for the efficient oxidation of simple and/or structurally complex molecules. Dioxirane today rank among the most powerful tools in organic chemistry, with numerous applications in commercially important processes. They were quickly recognized as efficient oxygen transfer agents, especially for epoxidations and for a wide range of O‐insertion reactions into C−H bonds. Dioxirane possess catalytic activity and appear as highly (chemo‐, regio‐, and stereo‐) selective oxidants, despite their reactivity under mild and strictly neutral conditions being controlled by a combination of steric and electronic factors. In this review, we discuss some of the most recent and significant developments in the selective homogeneous and heterogeneous oxyfunctionalization of non‐activated C−H bonds in hydrocarbons of natural and non‐natural targets by using isolated dioxirane or, more generally, by using the ketones (i.e., the dioxirane precursors) as organocatalysts.
Room‐Temperature, Metal‐Free, and One‐Pot Preparation of 2H‐Indazoles through a Mills Reaction and Cyclization Sequence
Authors: Kondo Masaru , Takizawa Shinobu , Jiang Yuzhao , Sasai Hiroaki
Published: May 2019

The Mills reaction and cyclization of readily available 2‐aminobenzyl alcohols and nitrosobenzenes using thionyl bromide provided 2H‐indazoles in up to 88 % yields. In the metal‐free process, acetic acid played a crucial role for the both Mills reaction and cyclization. A brominated 2H‐indazole could also be obtained through the one‐pot sequence.
Fe3+ reduction during melt‐synthesis of LiFePO4
Authors: Sauriol Pierre , Li Delin , Hadidi Lida , Villazon Hernando , Jin Liling , Yari Bahman , Gauthier Michel , Dollé Mickaël , Chartrand Patrice , Kasprzak Wojciech , Liang Guoxian , Patience Gregory S.
Published: May 2019

LiFePO4 (LFP) is a safe and low cost cathode material for Li‐ion batteries. Its solid‐state synthesis requires micron‐sized reactants yielding high production costs. Here, we melt‐synthesized up to 5 kg batches of LFP from low‐cost coarse Fe2O3 (509 µm) in an induction furnace. Graphite from the crucible was an effective reducing agent. Adding metallic Fe or CO increased the Fe2+ content and reaction kinetics. Metallic Fe improves the lifetime of the graphite crucible but requires a premixing step for it to be effective, otherwise the Fe powder agglomerates due to the presence of a eutectic in the LiPO3‐Fe‐Fe2O3 system. In a pushout furnace configuration, for an hour‐long holding period, injecting CO into the melt increased the Fe2+ content from 0.301 to 0.315 g/g, which we attributed to melt protection. Likewise, graphite powder floating on top of the melt further improved the Fe2+ content to 0.331 g/g. The Fe2+ content reached 0.325 g/g when using fine Fe3+ (142 µm) and CO as reducing agent at half the holding period at 1150 °C. We attribute the higher reaction rate to the improved contact between the suspended Fe3+ and the CO reducing gas. When the graphite crucible is the unique reducing agent, the reaction rate was proportional to the crucible base surface area. A zero‐order kinetic model characterized the solids disappearance with time. A thermal model developed to compare lab‐scale data against small pilot‐scale demonstrated that the charge lagged the furnace temperature by as much as 22 min at 1000 °C.
Advancement in treatment of wastewater: Fate of emerging contaminants
Authors: Mohapatra Dipti Prakash , Kirpalani Deepak M.
Published: May 2019

The scarcity of industrial and domestic use water has become an important issue as industrial operations and localized pollution have burgeoned over the last decade. Wastewater (WW) treatment for recycling and reuse is gaining importance as an alternate source of water supply to circumvent water shortages. Wastewater treatment requires thorough planning, design, construction, and management of treatment facilities in order to discharge the treated water to the aquatic environment or for recycling and reuse. One detrimental effect of growing populations and urbanization has been the release of many persistent emerging contaminants (ECs) to the environment, mainly detected in WW. The entry of these ECs to the aquatic environment through wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) may cause different ecological risks such as reproductive toxicity, endocrine disruption, and microbial resistance. The quantification of ECs (in ng or pg level) in complex matrices, such as WW samples recognized through non‐target screening approaches, has played a key role in the planning and design of water treatment facilities. The purpose of this review is to provide information about advancements in wastewater treatment technologies such as constructed wetland (CW) and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and the fate of emerging contaminants during these treatments. Further, this review also reports the ecological effects of these contaminants and their by‐products formed during various advanced WW treatment processes. The review also discusses advancements in different analytical techniques for the analysis of ECs in WW.
Ag decorated G‐C3N4/black titanium oxides composite for the destruction of environmental pollutant under solar irradiation
Authors: Masih Dilshad , Ma Yuanyu , Rohani Sohrab
Published: May 2019

Research on the synthesis of advanced composite materials is an important area of research on the visible‐active photodegradation of environmental pollutants. Novel hybridized structures of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) are synthesized by a facile one‐step in‐situ method. Black titanium oxides, TiO, Ti2O
3, a mixture of TiO + Ti2O3, and a reference material, white TiO2 P25, are used for the synthesis of the hybridized g‐C3N4 and further decorated with Ag nanoparticles. Physicochemical and optical properties of the obtained materials are characterized by various techniques. XRD patterns revealed that the structural regularity of g‐C3N4 and titanium oxide(s) is maintained in the composites. However, the main diffraction peak for g‐C3N4 is prominently shifted to a lower 2‐theta along with a decrease in the intensity, indicating the formation of g‐C3N4 nanosheet heterojunction. Vibrational spectra of the composites showed signature IR peaks for g‐C3N4 and demonstrated an enhancement in the vibrations after modifications, and further supported the XRD results. A distinct red‐shift in the optical spectra of g‐C3N4 upon modifications with black titanium oxide(s) demonstrated an enhanced absorbance of visible light, yet on the contrast white TiO2 P25 showed a blue‐shift. Under the experimental conditions of simulated solar light, pristine g‐C3N4, and its composites g‐C3N4/TiO and g‐C3N4/Ti2O3 showed moderate activity for the photodegradation of an organic pollutant, rhodamine B. Interestingly, a synergistic enhancement in the photoactivity is demonstrated by the g‐C3N4 modified with a mixture of black titanium oxides (g‐C3N4/TiO + Ti2O3). On the other hand, the composite synthesized by a post‐synthesis method is found less effective in photodegradation reaction.
A randomized phase 3 trial comparing nimotuzumab plus cisplatin chemoradiotherapy versus cisplatin chemoradiotherapy alone in locally advanced head and neck cancer
Authors: Patil Vijay Maruti , Noronha Vanita , Joshi Amit , Agarwal Jaiprakash , Ghosh‐Laskar Sarbani , Budrukkar Ashwini , Murthy Vedang , Gupta Tejpal , Mahimkar Manoj , Juvekar Shashikant , Arya Supreeta , Mahajan Abhishek , Agarwal Archi , Purandare Nilendu , Rangarajan Venkatesh , Balaji Arun , Chaudhari Sameer Vasant , Banavali Shripad , Kannan Sadhana , Bhattacharjee Atanu , D’Cruz Anil K. , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Pai Prathamesh S. , Chaukar Devendra , Pantvaidya Gouri , Nair Deepa , Nair Sudhir , Deshmukh Anuja , Thiagarajan Shivakumar , Mathrudev Vijayalakshmi , Manjrekar Aparna , Dhumal Sachin , Maske Kamesh , Bhelekar Arti Sanjay , Nawale Kavita , Chandrasekharan Arun , Pande Nikhil , Goel Alok , Talreja Vikas , Simha Vijai , Srinivas Sujay , Swami Rohit , Vallathol Dilip Harindran , Dsouza Hollis , Shrirangwar Sameer , Turkar Siddharth , Abraham George , Thanky Aditi Harsh , Patel Usha , Pandey Manish Kumar , Prabhash Kumar
Published: May 2019

Background

Because the addition of nimotuzumab to chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer improved outcomes in a phase 2 study, the authors conducted a phase 3 study to confirm these findings.

Methods

This open‐label, investigator‐initiated, phase 3, randomized trial was conducted from 2012 to 2018. Adult patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer who were fit for radical chemoradiation were randomized 1:1 to receive either radical radiotherapy (66‐70 grays) with concurrent weekly cisplatin (30 mg/m2) (CRT) or the same schedule of CRT with weekly nimotuzumab (200 mg) (NCRT).The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS); key secondary endpoints were disease‐free survival (DFS), duration of locoregional control (LRC), and overall survival (OS). An intent‐to‐treat analysis also was performed.

Results

In total, 536 patients were allocated equally to both treatment arms. The median follow‐up was 39.13 months. The addition of nimotuzumab improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53‐0.89; P = .004), LRC (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50‐0.89; P = .006), and DFS (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55‐0.92; P = .008) and had a trend toward improved OS (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.65‐1.08; P = .163). Grade 3 through 5 adverse events were similar between the 2 arms, except for a higher incidence of mucositis in the NCRT arm (66.7% vs 55.8%; P = .01).

Conclusions

The addition of nimotuzumab to concurrent weekly CRT improves PFS, LRC, and DFS. This combination provides a novel alternative therapeutic option to a 3‐weekly schedule of 100 mg/m2 cisplatin in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer who are treated with radical‐intent CRT.
Unrecognized fluid overload during induction therapy increases morbidity in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Chamoun Kamal , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Wang Xuemei , Naqvi Kiran , Aung Fleur , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Borthakur Gautam , Jabbour Elias , Kadia Tapan , Daver Naval , DiNardo Courtney D. , Jain Nitin , Konopleva Marina , Cortes Jorge , Ravandi Farhad , Yilmaz Musa
Published: May 2019

Background

The combination of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) has proven to be the most effective therapy for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The majority of the morbidity and mortality from APL therapy occur during the induction phase. The objective of the current study was to identify the risk factors associated with transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU) and endotracheal intubation during induction therapy in patients with APL.

Methods

The authors analyzed the clinical characteristics of 187 patients with newly diagnosed APL who were treated with ATRA and ATO with or without gemtuzumab ozogamicin. The authors documented the percentage change in body weight from baseline to the maximum recorded weight during induction or to the day of ICU transfer.

Results

A total of 18 patients (10%) who initiated therapy with ATRA and ATO on a regular hospital floor required transfer to the ICU after a median of 12 days of induction therapy. The median volume of transfusions was 4350 mL (range, 60‐30,750 mL). The volume of transfusions was the main factor associated with the risk of ICU transfer (odds ratio, 4.1; P < .001). Of the 18 patients transferred to the ICU, 10 patients (5%) required intubation. An increase in the total volume of transfusions, increase in weight ≥10% during induction therapy, and a plasma albumin level ≤3.2 g/dL at the time of diagnosis were found to be associated with an increased risk of endotracheal intubation.

Conclusions

Large volumes of blood product transfusions and unrecognized fluid overload during induction are associated with ICU transfer and endotracheal intubation in patients with APL. These can be prevented by limiting the amount of transfusions, careful monitoring for subtle signs of fluid overload, and early intervention with aggressive diuretic therapy.
Strategies to Build High‐Rate Cathode Materials for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lv Wei‐Jun , Huang Zhigao , Yin Ya‐Xia , Yao Hu‐Rong , Zhu Hai‐Liang , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: May 2019

The development of cathode materials for Na‐ion batteries (NIBs) has benefitted greatly from previous research on Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to the similar physicochemical properties between Na and Li. However, the exploitation of high‐rate NIB cathodes has faced greater difficulty compared to the Li counterparts because of the larger ionic radius of Na. Numerous attempts to optimize the composition and structure have been made to address this issue, and great progress has been achieved in recent years. Herein, a systemic review on the latest research in high‐rate cathode materials for NIBs is presented. In addition, a comprehensive analysis on specific reasons hindering the kinetic performance is also discussed, which is expected to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms behind rate performance and provides a new avenue for the design of high‐performance NIBs.
Ag‐CuO Nanocomposites: Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate and Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Ye Fen , Ju Suxiao , Liu Yuanjun , Jiang Yuerong , Chen Hui , Ge Lihong , Yan Chao , Yuan Aihua
Published: May 2019

Porous Ag‐CuO nanocomposites are prepared with a photochemical reduction method. The obtained Ag‐CuO nanocomposites have bifunctions; they can not only be used as surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates, providing an enhancement factor of 3.86 × 107 toward rhodamine 6G (R6G) and 7.08 × 107 toward p‐aminothiophenol, but also can be used as an effective photocatalyst to degrade dyes, including R6G with H2O2 under light irradiation. For example, the Ag‐CuO nanocomposite can degrade 96.7% of R6G within 2 h. It is believed that the porous microstructure provides more “hot‐spots” for SERS and active sites for photocatalytic process, inducing excellent performance. Due to the bifunctions, reuse of the Ag‐CuO SERS substrate is demonstrated with the assistance of light irradiation cleaning process. After eight reuse cycles, the enhancement factor of the substrate to R6G is still retained at 1.45×105.
Structural and behavioral reference model for IoT‐based elderly health‐care systems in smart home
Authors: Ghasemi Farideh , Rezaee Ali , Rahmani Amir Masoud
Published: May 2019

Increasing level of personal and social health and life expectancy has resulted in the growth of aged people population. Elderly care is an essential and costly issue in any society that should be addressed in researches. Elderly care has faced some problems such as elderly solitary, trained caregivers insufficiency, and increasing cost of late diagnosis of diseases and accident. Regarding to these problems, smart home technology can be used as an efficient solution. It provides an expertise, long‐term, and low‐cost care that empowers elderly to have an independent life. In this paper, we propose an architecture for a health‐care system in a smart home. In this architecture, rapid and timely diagnosis of environmental incidents and health risks causes reduction in costs of health care and relief. Given to the vital aspect of health‐care systems, the proposed architecture components and solutions are presented to meet quality attributes such as availability, performance, security, and interoperability. The proposed architecture evaluation is based on the Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM) scenario‐based approach. ATAM is a method for analysis and evaluation of software systems architecture. And quality attributes scenarios are examined to meet quality requirement. Compared with the previous works, more quality attributes are addressed in this paper.
Variable sea‐ice conditions influence trophic dynamics in an Arctic community of marine top predators
Authors: Pratte Isabeau , Braune Birgit M. , Hobson Keith A. , Mallory Mark L.
Published: May 2019

Sea‐ice coverage is a key abiotic driver of annual environmental conditions in Arctic marine ecosystems and could be a major factor affecting seabird trophic dynamics. Using stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in eggs of thick‐billed murres (Uria lomvia), northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis), glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus), and black‐legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), we investigated the trophic ecology of prebreeding seabirds nesting at Prince Leopold Island, Nunavut, and its relationship with sea‐ice conditions. The seabird community of Prince Leopold Island had a broader isotopic niche during lower sea‐ice conditions, thus having a more divergent diet, while the opposite was observed during years with more extensive sea‐ice conditions. Species' trophic position was influenced by sea ice; in years of lower sea‐ice concentration, gulls and kittiwakes foraged at higher trophic levels while the opposite was observed for murres and fulmars. For murres and fulmars over a longer time series, there was no evidence of the effect of sea‐ice concentration on species' isotopic niche. Results suggest a high degree of adaptation in populations of high Arctic species that cope with harsh and unpredictable conditions. Such different responses of the community isotopic niche also show that the effect of variable sea‐ice conditions, despite being subtle at the species level, might have larger implications when considering the trophic ecology of the larger seabird community. Species‐specific responses in foraging patterns, in particular trophic position in relation to sea ice, are critical to understanding effects of ecosystem change predicted for a changing climate.
Influence of preservation methods, sample medium and sampling time on eDNA recovery in a neotropical river
Authors: Sales Naiara G. , Wangensteen Owen S. , Carvalho Daniel C. , Mariani Stefano
Published: May 2019

Environmental DNA (eDNA) has rapidly emerged as a promising biodiversity monitoring technique, proving to be a sensitive and cost‐effective method for species detection. Despite the increasing popularity of eDNA, several questions regarding its limitations remain to be addressed. We investigated the effect of sampling medium and time, and preservation methods, on fish detection performance based on eDNA metabarcoding of neotropical freshwater samples. Water and sediment samples were collected from 11 sites along the Jequitinhonha River, Southeastern Brazil; sediment samples were stored in ethanol, while the same amounts of water per sample (3 L) were stored in a cool box with ice, as well as by adding the cationic surfactant benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Sediment and water samples yielded a similar amount of fish MOTUs (237 vs. 239 in the first sampling event, and 153 vs. 142 in the second sampling event). Water stored in ice provided better results than those preserved in BAC (239 and 142 vs. 194 and 71 MOTUs). While documenting the effectiveness of eDNA surveys as practical tools for fish biodiversity monitoring in poorly accessible areas, we showed that keeping water samples cooled results in greater eDNA recovery and taxon detection than by adding cationic surfactants (BAC) as sample preservatives. Furthermore, by comparing two sets of samples collected from the same locations at a 3‐week interval, we highlight the importance of conducting multiple sampling events when attempting to recover a realistic picture of fish assemblages in lotic systems.
Effect of ferric carboxymaltose on calculated plasma volume status and clinical congestion: a FAIR‐HF substudy
Authors: Okonko Darlington O. , Jouhra Fadi , Abu‐Own Huda , Filippatos Gerasimos , Colet Josep Comin , Suki Chainey , Mori Claudio , Ponikowski Piotr , Anker Stefan D. ,   for the FAIR‐HF Investigators
Published: May 2019

Aims

Iron deficiency worsens symptoms, quality of life, and exercise capacity in chronic heart failure (CHF) and might do so by promoting fluid retention. We assessed whether iron repletion improved congestion in CHF and appraised the prognostic utility of calculated plasma volume status (PVS), a novel index of congestion, in the FAIR‐HF data set.

Methods and results

In FAIR‐HF, 459 iron deficient CHF patients were randomized to intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) or saline and assessed at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Using weight and haematocrit, we calculated PVS in 436 patients. At baseline, PVS and weight were −5.5 ± 7.7% and 76.9 ± 14.3 kg, with peripheral oedema evident in 35% of subjects. Higher PVS values correlated to other congestion surrogates such as lower serum albumin. At 4 weeks, FCM was associated with greater reductions in weight (0.02) and PVS (P < 0.0001), and a trend for improved peripheral oedema at 24 weeks (0.07). Irrespective of treatment allocation, patients with a decrease in PVS from baseline to week 24 had higher increments in 6 min walking distance (61.4 m vs. 43.5 m, 0.02) and were more likely to improve their NYHA class (33.3% vs. 15.5%, 0.001). A PVS > −4% at baseline predicted worse outcomes even after adjustment for treatment assignment (hazard ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.01–3.51, 0.046).

Conclusions

Intravenous iron therapy with FCM is associated with early reductions in PVS and weight, implying that decongestion might be one mechanism via which iron repletion aids CHF patients. Calculated PVS is of prognostic utility in this cohort.
Single‐cell transcriptomes of murine bone marrow stromal cells reveal niche‐associated heterogeneity
Authors: Addo Richard K. , Heinrich Frederik , Heinz Gitta Anne , Schulz Daniel , Sercan‐Alp Özen , Lehmann Katrin , Tran Cam Loan , Bardua Markus , Matz Mareen , Löhning Max , Hauser Anja E. , Kruglov Andrey , Chang Hyun‐Dong , Durek Pawel , Radbruch Andreas , Mashreghi Mir‐Farzin
Published: May 2019

Bone marrow (BM) stromal cells are important in the development and maintenance of cells of the immune system. Using single cell RNA sequencing, we here explore the functional and phenotypic heterogeneity of individual transcriptomes of 1167 murine BM mesenchymal stromal cells. These cells exhibit a tremendous heterogeneity of gene expression, which precludes the identification of defined subpopulations. However, according to the expression of 108 genes involved in the communication of stromal cells with hematopoietic cells, we have identified 14 non‐overlapping subpopulations, with distinct cytokine or chemokine gene expression signatures. With respect to the maintenance of subsets of immune memory cells by stromal cells, we identified distinct subpopulations expressing Il7, Il15 and Tnfsf13b. Together, this study provides a comprehensive dissection of the BM stromal heterogeneity at the single cell transcriptome level and provides a basis to understand their lifestyle and their role as organizers of niches for the long‐term maintenance of immune cells.
The Chemo‐ and Stereoselective Formation of Pallado‐ and Platinocryptophanes
Authors: Schaly Astrid , Meyer Michel , Chambron, Jean‐Claude , Jean Marion , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Aubert Emmanuel , Espinosa Enrique , Zorn Nathalie , Leize‐Wagner Emmanuelle
Published: May 2019

Cyclotricyanobenzylene (CTB) 1 was resolved by HPLC on chiral stationary phase and the absolute configurations of its enantiomers were determined. Optically‐active pallado‐ and platinocryptophanes assembled separately from (+)‐1 and (–)‐1, and the optical properties of [M3(dppp)3((+)‐1)2](OTf)6 and [M3(dppp)3((–)‐1)2](OTf)6 (M = Pd and Pt; dppp = 1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)propane) were studied by polarimetry and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). The enantiomerization barriers of the metallocryptophanes depend only weakly on the nature of the metal. TD‐DFT calculations demonstrated the occurence of induced ECD effects from the optically active CTB 1 to the metal complex fragments. Comparison of the 1H NMR spectra of the optically‐pure and racemic metallocryptophanes confirmed that the latter formed diastereoselectively and enantioselectively. Self‐assembly of metallocryptophanes from two different CTBs (1 and 2) gave clear evidence of chemoselectivity for the process, using 1H NMR spectroscopy and ESI‐MS.
An application of full analytic hierarchy process to identify the best use of Dong Ngo closed‐landfill site in Bac Ninh city, Vietnam
Authors: Bui Thi Hong Hieu , Hoang Anh Duc , Kim Young Tae
Published: May 2019

A landfill after going over its limit will be closed down and stop receiving waste. A matter of concern here is how to reuse the landfill site efficiently while there are many closed landfills have been transformed into new land uses in the world. The purpose of the study is to find the best land use of a closed‐landfill site after studying the characteristics of landfill site by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. The data used in the study were collected from surveys on 15 experts in three fields (environment, urban planning, and policy development) and the locals. The final results were based on their experience in evaluating the weight of criteria and alternatives in the same survey. To achieve the purpose of the study, three main criteria, six subcriteria, and five alternatives were identified as being relevant to the redevelopment of Dong Ngo landfill site, Bac Ninh province in Vietnam. Hierarchy of decision levels for Dong Ngo case study has been tested and developed from the data in reality and has successfully assessed the best use option as energy generation option for the landfill site under a scenario of decision making.
Private‐sector partner selection for public‐private partnership projects of electric vehicle charging infrastructure
Authors: Zhang Lihui , Zhao Zhenli , Kan Zhinan
Published: May 2019

Public‐private partnership (PPP) models, which can mitigate the deflection of charging facilities, have been introduced for electric vehicle charging infrastructure (EVCI) projects. Private‐sector partner selection is a significant step to ensure the success of EVCI‐PPP projects, but it has been rarely studied. This paper therefore identifies selection criteria for private partners in EVCI‐PPP projects and assesses the alternatives using an extended multicriteria operation and compromise solution (VIKOR) method. A partner selection indicator system is established through three development processes, and the factors are categorized into five factor packages: basic ability, management ability, performance of previous performance and credit performance, performance of projects, and sustainable development. These factors include 22 subcriteria. An extended VIKOR‐based method incorporating an intuitionistic fuzzy set is developed to select an optimal private partner. A case study is used to verify the effectiveness and rationalization of the proposed approach. Three potential candidates, P1, P2, P3, are evaluated and ranked according to their evaluation scores, and the results show that P1 is the best partner solution. Relevant charging infrastructure project experience, technical level in charging facilities, and financing plan are the top three criteria for choosing appropriate partners for EVCI‐PPP projects. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation framework for the government to select suitable private‐sector partners to accelerate the sustainable development of charging facilities.
On the Creation of Risk: Framing of Microplastics Risks in Science and Media
Authors: Völker Carolin , Kramm Johanna , Wagner Martin
Published: May 2019

The public is concerned about plastic pollution, while clear‐cut scientific evidence for an environmental risk of microplastics is absent. This contrast between incomplete scientific knowledge and public risk perception is an interesting case for investigating how “environmental risk” is transformed in science communication. This study examines how microplastics risks are framed in peer‐reviewed publications and online newspaper articles, respectively. It also analyzes if the contents conveyed by the frames used in science and the media are consistent. The results show that most scientific studies (67%) frame microplastics risks as hypothetical or uncertain, while 24% present them as established. In contrast, most media articles reporting on microplastic impacts (93%) imply that risks of microplastics exist and harmful consequences are highly probable. The creation of simple narratives (journalists) and the emphasis on potentially negative impacts (scientists) contribute to this inconsistency. The transformation of an uncertain risk into an actual risk is further caused by two inconsistent risk conceptions, namely risk being the probability of a negative outcome (environmental scientists) or being the uncertainty of a negative outcome itself (public). Although the latter differs from the risks identified “objectively” by scientific methods, it allows understanding the risk perception of the public and decision‐makers.
Subcortical amyloid load is associated with shape and volume in cognitively normal individuals
Authors: Rahayel Shady , Bocti Christian , Sévigny Dupont Pénélope , Joannette Maude , Lavallée Marie Maxime , Nikelski Jim , Chertkow Howard , Joubert Sven
Published: May 2019

Amyloid‐beta (Aβ) deposition is one of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. The study assessed the associations between cortical and subcortical 11C‐Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB) retention, namely, in the hippocampus, amygdala, putamen, caudate, pallidum, and thalamus, and subcortical morphology in cognitively normal individuals. We recruited 104 cognitive normal individuals who underwent extensive neuropsychological assessment, PiB–positron emission tomography (PET) scan, and 3‐T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition of T1‐weighted images. Global, cortical, and subcortical regional PiB retention values were derived from each scan and subcortical morphology analyses were performed to investigate vertex‐wise local surface and global volumes, including the hippocampal subfields volumes. We found that subcortical regional Aβ was associated with the surface of the hippocampus, thalamus, and pallidum, with changes being due to volume and shape. Hippocampal Aβ was marginally associated with volume of the whole hippocampus as well as with the CA1 subfield, subiculum, and molecular layer. Participants showing higher subcortical Aβ also showed worse cognitive performance and smaller hippocampal volumes. In contrast, global and cortical PiB uptake did not associate with any subcortical metrics. This study shows that subcortical Aβ is associated with subcortical surface morphology in cognitively normal individuals. This study highlights the importance of quantifying subcortical regional PiB retention values in these individuals.
Thromboelastography‐Guided Blood Component Use in Patients With Cirrhosis With Nonvariceal Bleeding: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Ahmad Juned , Maiwall Rakhi , Choudhury Ashok , Bajpai Meenu , Mitra Lalita G. , Saluja Vandana , Mohan Agarwal Prashant , Bihari Chhagan , Shasthry Saggere Muralikrishna , Jindal Ankur , Bhardwaj Ankit , Kumar Guresh , Sarin Shiv K.
Published: May 2019

Thromboelastography (TEG) provides a more comprehensive global coagulation assessment than routine tests (international normalized ratio [INR] and platelet [PLT] count), and its use may avoid unnecessary blood component transfusion in patients with advanced cirrhosis and significant coagulopathy who have nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. A total of 96 patients with significant coagulopathy (defined in this study as INR >1.8 and/or PLT count < 50 × 109/L) and nonvariceal upper GI bleed (diagnosed after doing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, which showed ongoing bleed from a nonvariceal source) were randomly allocated to TEG‐guided transfusion strategy (TEG group; n = 49) or standard‐of‐care (SOC) group (n = 47). In the TEG group, only 26.5% patients were transfused with all three blood components (fresh frozen plasma [FFP], PLTs, and cryoprecipitate) versus 87.2% in the SOC group (P < 0.001). Although 7 (14.3%) patients in the TEG group received no blood component transfusion, there were no such patients in the SOC group (P = 0.012). Also, there was a significantly lower use of blood components (FFP, PLTs, and cryoprecipitate) in the TEG group compared with the SOC group. Failure to control bleed, failure to prevent rebleeds, and mortality between the two groups were similar. Conclusion: In patients with advanced cirrhosis with coagulopathy and nonvariceal upper GI bleeding, TEG‐guided transfusion strategy leads to a significantly lower use of blood components compared with SOC (transfusion guided by INR and PLT count), without an increase in failure to control bleed, failure to prevent rebleed, and mortality.