bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of phosphorylation site occupancy of peptides based on a chemical derivatization method
Authors: Wang Xingdan , Min Zhenghu , Yang Xiaoqiu , Zhang Qiwei , Zheng Qi
Published: February 2025

The phosphorylation site occupancy is assessed using a combination of a dual derivatization for phosphopeptides and LC-MS analysis.
Preconcentration-enhanced electrochemical detection of paraoxon in food and environmental samples using reduced graphene oxide-modified disposable sensors
Authors: Zamboni Rafael L. , Kalinke Cristiane , Ferreira Luís M. C. , Papi Maurício A. P. , Orth Elisa S. , Banks Craig E. , Marcolino-Júnior Luiz H. , Bergamini Márcio F.
Published: February 2025

Organophosphates, such as paraoxon, are widely used as insecticides in agriculture, making their detection in environmental and food samples crucial due to their high toxicity.
Deuterated oxazines are bright near-infrared fluorophores for mitochondrial imaging and single molecule spectroscopy
Authors: Gatin-Fraudet Blaise , Seifert Julius , Sarach Kris , Olesen Christina Holmboe , Birke Ramona , Milles Sigrid , Birol Melissa , Lehmann Martin , Broichhagen Johannes
Published: February 2025

Deuterated oxazines are brighter and more photostable fluorophores in the near-infrared range and amenable to cell imaging and single molecule spectroscopy.
Glass electrospray for mass spectrometry in situ detection of living cells
Authors: Ge Xiyang , Xing Xiner , Wang Xiaoni , Yin Yiyan , Shen Xiaotong , Ouyang Jin , Na Na
Published: February 2025

A platform of glass electrospray coupled with mass spectrometry is developed to rapidly detect living cells cultured on glass slides.
Reticulated carbon nanofiber-encapsulated SnO2 hollow spheres as high performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Chen Ya , Wang Lingling , Yang Bozhi , Lu Jiapeng , Fang Minghao , Wang Wei , Ma Bin , Min Xin
Published: February 2025

A novel carbon nanofiber encapsulated SnO2 hollow sphere structure mitigates inward and outward volume changes, enhances electrical conductivity, and demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance when presented for LIBs.
Reaction mechanism and sensitivity enhancement of energetic materials doped with carbon nanotubes under electric fields by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Li Junjian , Wu Junying , Shang Yiping , Yao Yule , Liu Ruizheng , Wang Jianyu , Chen Lang
Published: February 2025

The doping of carbon nanotubes alters the response mechanisms of energetic materials to electric fields.
Active learning-guided exploration of thermally conductive polymers under strain
Authors: Zhang Renzheng , Xu Jiaxin , Zhang Hanfeng , Xu Guoyue , Luo Tengfei
Published: February 2025

Active learning guided screening in combination with molecular dynamics simulation accelerate the discovery of high TC strained polymers and enhance the model performance in small data scenarios.
Correction: Dynamic response of a ferromagnetic nanofilament under rotating fields: effects of flexibility, thermal fluctuations and hydrodynamics
Authors: Sánchez Pedro A. , Cerrato Antonio , Cerdà Joan J. , Bona-Casas Carles , Sintes Tomás , Massó Joan
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Dynamic response of a ferromagnetic nanofilament under rotating fields: effects of flexibility, thermal fluctuations and hydrodynamics’ by Pedro A. Sánchez et al., Nanoscale, 2024, 16, 11724–11738, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4NR01034E.
A system for in vitro selection of fully 2′-modified RNA aptamers
Authors: Ziperman Emily D. , Fitzpatrick Kate B. , Nair Malavika A. , Sorum Alexander W. , Hsieh-Wilson Linda C. , Krauss Isaac J.
Published: February 2025

SFM4-3, KOD DGLNK, and Therminator polymerase are investigated for their compatibility with SELection with Modified Aptamers (SELMA), an aptamer discovery method that enables incorporation of large nucleobase modifications such as glycans.
Pyramidal Nd2ScN inside an icosahedral C80 cage
Authors: Yang Wei , Wang Yaofeng , Popov Alexey A. , Liu Fupin
Published: February 2025

A pyramidal Nd2ScN cluster was trapped in a C80 fullerene cage. The precise structure was unambiguously elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction with four sites of the light N atom.
Comment on “Investigation of the structural, surface topographical, fractal, capacitive, and electrical properties of a defect brownmillerite perovskite material KBiFeMnO5 for electronic devices” by D. Panda, S. S. Hota and R. N. P. Choudhary, RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 3400
Authors: Tomaszewski Paweł E.
Published: February 2025

The sample studied in the commented paper is Bi25FeO40 or Bi24Mn2O40 instead of KBiFeMoO5.
Nanosensor for the detection of eosin yellow and its photocatalytic degradation using phytosynthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Sadiq Muhammad Usman , Shah Afzal , Zahid Anum , Javaid Adeela , Iftikhar Faiza Jan
Published: February 2025

A substantial rise in pollution due to population growth, industrialization, and urbanization has led to water contamination over the past few years, especially in developing countries.
Debut of enzyme-responsive anionic cyanine for overlap-free NIR-II-to-I dual-channel tumour imaging
Authors: Chu Feiyi , Feng Bin , Zhou Yiyang , Liu Min , Zhang Hailiang , Liu Meihui , Chen Qian , Zhang Shengwang , Ma Yeshuo , Dong Jie , Chen Fei , Zeng Wenbin
Published: February 2025

The work offers an elegant paradigm for designing a ratiometric NIR-II probe by modulating the fluorescence behaviour of anionic cyanine scaffolds, which was successfully used for in vivo fluorescence angiography and precise tumours localization.
Novel functionalized benzimidazole-salicylic acid derivatives: synthesis, photophysical characteristics and biological applications
Authors: Yan Xue , Gao Li-Xin , Cao Zi-Tong , Gan Su-Ya , Fu Yi-Qiu , Li Jia , Xiang Da-Jun , Zhou Yu-Bo , Wang Wen-Long
Published: February 2025

Development of benzimidazole-based salicylic acid derivatives as novel fluorophores:Identification of the representative benzimidazole-based salicylic acid 5q with excellent SHP1 inhibition and obvious fluorescence specificity for Fe3+.
An Ag-nanoplate decorated cavity-nanorod array SERS substrate for trace detection of PCB-77
Authors: Chen Jinran , Ke Xiurui , Zhou Zhou , Ye Wenqi , Liu Hong , Zhang Wei , Liu Xiaohong
Published: February 2025

The C-NR@Ag substrate was fabricated to achieve rapid detection of PCB-77 at trace concentrations, along with non-contact sensing capabilities in water.
Effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA) variants on the photophysical and biological properties of a NIR-responsive BSA–indocyanine green complex
Authors: Roy Jayashree , Tiwari Devendra , Saha Sahely , Vankayala Raviraj , Vuppaladadium Shanmuga Sharan Rathnam , Joshi Abhijeet , Banerjee Indranil
Published: February 2025

Thematic representation of the BSA variant dependent changes in the photophysical properties and phototherapeutic performance of the BSA–ICG complex.
Flexible pressure sensors based on carbonized electrospun PAN fiber films containing ZIF-67 nanoparticles for human motion detection
Authors: Ma Jingchen , Chen Zhiwen , Zhu Guanyao , Wei Aixiang , Liu Zhen
Published: February 2025

Flexible pressure sensors are fabricated using carbonized electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber films embedded with ZIF-67 nanoparticles. With a broad operating range and high sensitivity, the sensors can detect various human motion signals.
Cascade reaction of α-aryl vinyl and propargyl sulfonium salts with carbon nucleophiles: synthesis of functionalized benzyl and homoallyl thioethers
Authors: Awchar Vilas M. , Baskaran Sundarababu
Published: February 2025

A cascade reaction of α-aryl vinyl and propargyl sulfonium salts with C-nucleophiles afforded functionalized thioethers via Michael addition followed by [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement.
Correction: Core–shell structured microneedles with programmed drug release functions for prolonged hyperuricemia management
Authors: Wang Rui , Sun Yanfang , Wang Han , Liu Tianqi , Shavandi Amin , Nie Lei , Yunusov Khaydar E. , Jiang Guohua
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Core–shell structured microneedles with programmed drug release functions for prolonged hyperuricemia management’ by Rui Wang et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2024, 12, 1064–1076, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TB02607H.
Correction: Development of a tannic acid- and silicate ion-functionalized PVA–starch composite hydrogel for in situ skeletal muscle repairing
Authors: Li Longkang , Li Huipeng , Diao Zhentian , Zhou Huan , Bai Yanjie , Yang Lei
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Development of a tannic acid- and silicate ion-functionalized PVA–starch composite hydrogel for in situ skeletal muscle repairing’ by Longkang Li et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2024, 12, 3917–3926, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TB03006G.
Structural switching of tubulin in the microtubule lattice
Authors: Chew Yean-Ming , Cross Robert A.
Published: February 2025

Microtubule (MT) dynamic instability, a cycle of growth, catastrophe, shrinkage and rescue, is driven by the switching of tubulin between two structural states, one stabilised by GTP and the other by GDP. Recent work has uncovered the ancient origins of this structural switch and revealed further fundamental elements of microtubule dynamic instability, whereby switching can be brought about by a range of allosteric effectors, propagate deep within the lattice of assembled MTs, and profoundly affect MT function. Here, we review evidence for structural switching within the MT lattice and discuss current ideas about its mechanisms.
The JWST/NIRSpec view of the nuclear region in the prototypical merging galaxy NGC 6240
Authors: Ceci M. , Cresci G. , Arribas S. , Böker T. , Bunker A.J. , Charlot S. , Fahrion K. , Lamperti I. , Marconi A. , Perna M. , Tozzi G. , Ulivi L.
Published: February 2025

Merger events are thought to be an important phase in the assembly of massive galaxies. At the same time, active galactic nuclei (AGN) play a fundamental role in the evolution of their star formation histories. Both phenomena can be observed at work in NGC 6240, a local prototypical merger classified as an ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) thanks to its elevated infrared luminosity. Interestingly, NGC,6240 hosts two AGN separated by 1.5 735 pc), detected in both X-ray and radio band. Taking advantage of the unprecedented sensitivity and wavelength coverage provided by the integral field unit (IFU) of the NIRSpec instrument on board JWST, we observed the nuclear region of NGC,6240 in a field of view of 3.7 times 3.7 1.9$ kpc^2) in order to investigate gas kinematics and interstellar medium (ISM) properties with a high spatial resolution of ∼ 0.1 (or ∼ 50 pc). We characterized the 2D stellar kinematics, separated the different gas kinematic components through multi-Gaussian fitting, and studied the excitation properties of the ISM from the near-infrared diagnostic diagram based on the H_2 1-0 γ $ and Fe II λ1.257μm/Paβ lines ratios. We isolated the ionization cones of the two nuclei and detected coronal line emission from both of them. Using H_2 line ratios, we found that the molecular hydrogen gas is excited mostly by thermal processes. We computed a hot molecular gas mass of $1.3 10^5$ M_⊙ and an ionized gas mass in the range of $10^5$ - $10^7$ M_⊙, depending on assumptions. We studied with unprecedented spatial resolution and sensitivity the kinematics of the molecular and ionized gas phases, and we revealed the complex structure of the molecular gas and found a blueshifted outflow near the southern nucleus, together with filaments connecting a highly redshifted H_2 cloud with the two nuclei. We speculate on the possible nature of this H_2 cloud and propose two possible scenarios: outflowing gas or a tidal cloud falling onto the nuclei.
EZOA: Nançay Hi follow-up observations in the Zone of Avoidance
Authors: Schröder A.C. , van Driel W. , Kraan-Korteweg R.C. , Belleval C.
Published: February 2025

We present follow-up 21cm line observations made with the Radio Telescope (NRT) of 99 weak or potential detections of galaxies from the EZOA catalogue in the northern Zone of Avoidance (ZoA), which were extracted from the shallow version of the EBHIS blind survey performed with the Effelsberg radio telescope. The new NRT observations are on average almost three times as sensitive as those from EBHIS. Of the 99 observed sources, we confirmed 72, while three yielded inconclusive results. We find that the quality assessment of the EZOA catalogue entries correlates well with the NRT recovery rate; for instance, only four of the 22 potential detections could be confirmed. Due to the higher sensitivity as well as the large north-south extent of the NRT beam, the NRT observations also yielded five serendipitous detections, which we include here. We updated the EZOA catalogue with the improved parameters and detections. To test the mitigation of radio frequency interference signals we also observed selected sources using a dedicated receiver and data processing system.
The head-tail radio galaxy and revived fossil plasma in Abell 1775
Authors: Bushi A. , Botteon A. , Dallacasa D. , van Weeren R. J. , Venturi T. , Brüggen M. , Gastaldello F. , Giacintucci S.
Published: February 2025

Context. Head-tail radio galaxies are characterized by a head, corresponding to an elliptical galaxy, and two radio jets sweeping back from the head, forming an extended structure behind the host galaxy that is moving through the intracluster medium (ICM). This morphology arises from the interaction between the diffuse radio-emitting plasma and the surrounding environment. Sometimes, in galaxy clusters, revived fossil plasma can be found, and it traces old active galactic nucleus ejecta with a very steep spectrum that has been re-energized through processes in the ICM, unrelated to the progenitor radio galaxy.

Aims. We focus on the study of the central region of Abell 1775, a galaxy cluster in an unclear dynamical state at a redshift of z = 0.07203. It hosts two giant radio-loud elliptical galaxies, the head-tail radio galaxy that ‘breaks’ at the position of a cold front detected in the X-rays, filamentary revived fossil plasma, and central diffuse emission. This study aims to investigate and constrain the spectral properties and trends along the head-tail, as well as the revived fossil plasma, to better understand the formation process of the non-thermal phenomena in A1775.

Methods. We make use of observations at three frequencies performed with LOFAR at 144 MHz, and new deep uGMRT observations at 400 MHz and at 650 MHz.

Results. We observe an overall steepening along the tail of the head-tail radio galaxy. In the radio colour-colour diagram, ageing models reproduce the emission of the head-tail. An unexpected brightness increase at the head of the tail suggests a complex bending of the jets. We derived the equipartition magnetic field and minimum pressure along the tail. We recovered the structure of the revived fossil plasma, which appears as thin filaments with ultra-steep spectra.

Conclusions. We show that high-sensitivity, high-resolution observations at low frequencies are essential for detecting the full extent of the tail, enabling a deeper spectral analysis and resolving the structure and spectral properties of revived fossil plasma.
Revisiting symbiotic binaries with interferometry. I. The PIONIER archival collection
Authors: Merc Jaroslav , Boffin Henri M. J.
Published: February 2025

Symbiotic stars serve as exceptional laboratories for investigating mass transfer processes in binary systems. However, the dominant mechanism of mass transfer from the red giant donor to the compact accretor — typically a white dwarf or, in rare cases, a neutron star — remains unclear. It is uncertain whether it is driven primarily by the stellar wind, Roche-lobe overflow, or a combination of the two. While radii inferred from rotational velocities or spectral types suggest smaller Roche-lobe filling factors, the presence of ellipsoidal variability, presumably caused by tidally deformed giants in many symbiotic systems, indicates the opposite. Interferometric observations of symbiotic giants, combined with distance measurements provided by the Gaia mission, offer a promising avenue to resolve this discrepancy. In this first paper of the series, we (re)analyze VLTI/PIONIER observations of six symbiotic stars: AG Peg, FG Ser, ER Del, V1261 Ori, RW Hya, and V399 Pav. With the exception of the uncertain case of V399 Pav, we find that the giants in these systems remain well within their canonical Roche lobes, even in V1261 Ori and RW Hya, where ellipsoidal variability is observed. All six stars appear to be rather luminous and likely located on the asymptotic giant branch, although the possibility of some of them being at the tip of the first red giant branch cannot be ruled out.
Im Hier und Jetzt – Traumasensible Arbeit
Authors: Monstein Ruth
Published: February 2025

Achtsamkeitsprogramme vermitteln verschiedene Methoden, die mittlerweile viele Menschen im Alltag, aber auch in der Therapie einsetzen. Kinder und Jugendliche, die ein traumatisches Erlebnis erfahren haben, profitieren allerdings nicht immer von den bekannten Achtsamkeitsübungen. Was bei der Anwendung der Techniken zu beachten ist, erklärt Ruth Monstein.
Grundlagen und Behandlung von Asthma bronchiale bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Spindler Thomas
Published: February 2025

Asthma bronchiale ist die häufigste chronische Erkrankung im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Die modernen Therapien mit meist inhalativen Arzneistoffen in Kombination mit nichtmedikamentösen Therapieverfahren ermöglichen es diesen Patienten, ein nahezu normales Leben zu führen. Hilfreich sind hier die vor mehreren Jahren eingeführten strukturierten Behandlungsprogramme (Disease-Management-Programme, DMP) der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen und der kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen, die sich an den aktuellen Leitlinien orientieren und so eine leitliniengerechte Therapie unterstützen. Im Jahr 2024 erfolgte die letzte Überarbeitung der Nationalen Versorgungsleitlinie (NVL) Asthma bronchiale. Hier sollen insbesondere die pädiatrischen Aspekte beleuchtet werden.
Digitale Anwendungen in der ambulanten Kinderkrankenpflege: Nutzungshäufigkeit und wahrgenommene Kompetenz
Authors: Windgätter-Seulberger Judith , Bohnet-Joschko Sabine , Zippel Claus
Published: February 2025

Der Pflegealltag wird zunehmend digitalisiert, wobei sowohl pflegerische als auch administrative Aufgaben davon betroffen sind. Dies birgt Chancen für die Patientenversorgung, ist jedoch auch eine Herausforderung für die Pflegekräfte. Besonders gilt dies für die ambulante Kinderkrankenpflege, wo die Mitarbeitenden oft allein pädiatrische Pflegebedürftige im häuslichen Setting versorgen. Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen beispielhaften Einblick, welche digitalen Anwendungen in der ambulanten Kinderkrankenpflege eingesetzt werden und wie Pflegefachkräfte ihre Kompetenz im Umgang damit einschätzen.
Inhalationsinstruktion bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Asthma im ambulanten und stationären Setting
Authors: Hagemeister Katharina , Jaeschke Robert
Published: February 2025

Damit Medikamente ihre volle Wirksamkeit entfalten können, ist die korrekte Anwendung essenziell. Speziell bei Asthmapatienten ist die inhalative Applikation von Wirkstoffen ein komplexer Prozess, der gut gelernt und perfekt angewendet werden will. Das Beispiel der Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin in Bielefeld/Bethel und der Rehabilitationsklinik für Kinder und Jugendliche der Fachkliniken Wangen soll zeigen, wie eine gute Instruktion gelingen kann.
Fertilitätsprotektion bei Personen mit Geschlechtsinkongruenz und männlichem Zuweisungsgeschlecht
Authors: Schneider Florian Josef , Scheffer Bettina , Kliesch Sabine , Cremers Jann-Frederik
Published: February 2025

Nach aktuellen Leitlinien muss bei Behandlungssuchenden mit Geschlechtsinkongruenz eine
adäquate Aufklärung über die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten einer Fertilitätsprotektion durch
medizinisches Fachpersonal stattfinden. Durch die geschlechtsangleichende Hormontherapie bei
Behandlungssuchenden mit männlichem Zuweisungsgeschlecht kommt es zu einer Reduktion von LH,
FSH und Testosteron und damit einhergehend zu einer Regression der Spermatogenese (bis hin zum
vollständigen Ausbleiben) und einer konsekutiven Hodenatrophie. Behandlungssuchende, die mit
der geschlechtsangleichenden Hormontherapie nach einer durchlebten männlichen Pubertät
beginnen, können eine Ejakulatprobe abgeben, um Spermien zu kryokonservieren. Falls im
Ejakulat unter geschlechtsangleichender Hormontherapie keine Spermien zu finden sind oder das
Abgeben von Ejakulat nicht mehr möglich oder psychisch zu belastend ist, sollte eine
(mikrochirurgische) testikuläre Spermienextraktion ([m]TESE), angeboten werden. Eine
Elektroejakulation unter Narkose ist eher selten zielführend, da die Samenzellbildung unter
Hormonbehandlung gestört. Aus diesem Grund ist auch eine mikrochirurgische epididymale
Spermienaspirtation (MESA) nicht zielführend. Wird bei Jugendlichen mit Geschlechtsinkongruenz
die Pubertätsblockade und/oder die geschlechtsangleichende Hormontherapie bereits in einem
frühen Stadium der Pubertät (ab Tanner-Stadium 2 möglich) begonnen, wird eine Ausreifung
spermatogonialer Stammzellen zu reifen Spermien verhindert. Die Pubertätsblockade mit GnRH
führt zu einer Reduktion von LH und FSH in der Hirnanhangsdrüse. Konsekutiv finden keine
Testosteronproduktion in den Leydig-Zellen und auch keine Stimulation der Spermatogenese im
Hoden statt. In diesen Fällen ist die Kryokonservierung von spermatogonialen Stammzellen, wie
sie in einigen Ländern für peripubertäre Patienten vor einer notwendigen keimzellschädigenden
Therapie angeboten wird, möglich. In Deutschland existiert ein entsprechendes Netzwerk
(Androprotect), das bereits 2012 in Münster gegründet wurde. Dieses Vorgehen wird in
Deutschland über Androprotect auch für jugendliche Behandlungssuchende mit
Geschlechtsinkongruenz angeboten. Das Vorgehen gilt als experimentell, da es derzeit noch
keine etablierte Therapie für die spätere Refertilisierung der betroffenen Erwachsenen gibt,
wenngleich mehrere Verfahren der In-vitro-Spermienreifung und Gewebetransplantation in der
Entwicklung sind. Bei der Betreuung von Menschen mit Geschlechtsinkongruenz sollten im
interdisziplinären Behandlungsteam eine individuelle Beratung durch erfahrenes Fachpersonal
stattfinden und im Sinne einer partizipativen Entscheidungsfindung (informed consent) individuelle Behandlungsansätze angeboten werden, um für jeden
Behandlungssuchenden den richtigen Weg zur Entscheidung für oder gegen eine
Fertilitätsprotektion zu finden.
Gender disparity in hepatobiliary endoscopy training and delivery: Results of a nationwide survey
Authors: Kotha Sreelakshmi , Long Matthew , Berry Philip
Published: February 2025

There are far fewer female, independent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) practitioners than men in the UK. This study aimed to explore what lies behind the disparity by examining the current state of training, attitudes, and other factors that may influence trainees’ decision to pursue ERCP training, with a view to identifying modifiable factors.

Anonymized responses to an electronic survey distributed to gastroenterology trainees and independent ERCP practitioners in the UK were collected and analyzed.

Of 214 respondents 45% were female. Whereas gender distribution in non-hepatobiliary therapeutic endoscopy was balanced, only 29% of ERCP trainees were female. Eighty percent of those who worked less than full time (LTFT) were female, but 32% felt that LTFT was incompatible with ERCP training. Concerningly, one-quarter of female respondents reported that they had been discouraged. It was noted that females are often treated differently within endoscopy units, including by patients. Fifty percent of females indicated that radiation exposure affected their decision to train in ERCP, compared with 22% of males. A question specific to trainers revealed that 95% felt that male gender was associated with increased confidence. In free-text responses, valuable insights into trainees’ personal experiences were provided, and a selection is presented. Finally, strategies to redress the gender imbalance are proposed.

Gender disparity in HPB endoscopy exists and is stark. Underlying this are attitudes, assumptions, and environmental factors that will require systemic and sustained correction. Ideas about how to address this challenge need to be explored.
Wie eine exzentrische Fixation nützlich sein kann: Einseitige Aussparung der Fovea bei einer bilateralen Laser induzierten Makulopathie
Authors: Ural Fatihoğlu Özlem , Bozkurt Oflaz Ayse , Akdeniz Anıl , Humaz Eda , Yaman Aylin , Saatci Ali Osman
Published: February 2025

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Stress modulation of hafnium-based ferroelectric material orientation in 3D cylindrical capacitor
Authors: Li Wenqi , Xia Zhiliang , Liu Meiying , Cheng Yong , Zhang Bao , Yang Yuancheng , Liu Lei , Huo Zongliang
Published: February 2025

Hafnium-based ferroelectric materials have attracted a lot of attention, but the distributions of the materials need to be tuned for commercialization, including phase distribution and polarization orientation distribution. The orientation of ferroelectric materials plays a significant role in memory device performance; however, there have been no reliable methods to control this orientation until now. This paper investigates the control of ferroelectric phase polarization orientation in 3D cylindrical capacitors. This optimization is made possible because the 3D cylindrical capacitor allows stress application in the tangential, axial, and radial directions, offering a wider range of adjustment options than 2D planar structures. The study focuses on how stress distribution affects ferroelectric phase orientation in hafnium-based materials when the diameters of cylindrical capacitors are varied. First, stress simulations are conducted to analyze the stress distribution in cylindrical capacitors with different diameters. The results indicate that the hafnium oxide layer experiences increased radical stress as the capacitor diameter decreases. Subsequently, capacitors with two different diameters are fabricated, significantly improving the polarization orientation in the thinner one. It is found that the capacitor diameter and the polarization orientation are strongly related through the correlation analysis. Finally, we demonstrate the improvement in the polarization orientation of ferroelectric thin films by radical stress through first-principles calculations. This study provides valuable insights into how stress distribution influences polarization orientation in hafnium-based ferroelectric films and is crucial for advancing the use of ferroelectric materials in future technologies.
Autoencoder artificial neural network for accelerated forward and inverse design of locally resonant acoustic metamaterials
Authors: Jiang Yongfeng , Li Zheng , Ren Jianwei , Feng Xiangchao , Gao Jinling , Shen Cheng , Meng Han , Lu Tianjian
Published: February 2025

The noise issues brought about by the development of the aviation and other industries have put forward an urgent demand for the design of low-frequency noise reduction structures. An autoencoder artificial neural network (ANN) is established in this paper to achieve accelerated low-cost forward and on demand design of locally resonant metamaterials simultaneously. Inspired by the framework of the autoencoder network, the proposed ANN is composed of an in series connected inverse prediction neural network and a forward prediction neural network module to avoid program errors by multisolution problems. A theoretical model is first set up in the paper to calculate the sound transmission loss (STL) of a locally resonant metamaterial plate and then validated by finite element simulation. The autoencoder ANN is subsequently trained using the dataset constructed based on the theoretical model. The accuracy of the well-trained ANN is then evaluated by making a comparison with the theoretical calculation and originally expected STL curves. The advantages of the proposed ANN over the theoretical model and numerical simulation are analyzed, and the results indicate that the proposed autoencoder ANN takes 2 and 6 orders of magnitude less time to complete the forward design than theoretical and numerical methods. The proposed ANN also demonstrates its ability in inverse design, which is hardly achieved using theoretical and numerical methods. The proposed ANN provides a new design method for accelerated forward and inverse design of noise reduction structures.
Estimating depth-directional thermal conductivity profiles using neural network with dropout in frequency-domain thermoreflectance
Authors: Ikeda Yasuaki , Akura Yuki , Shimofuri Masaki , Banerjee Amit , Tsuchiya Toshiyuki , Hirotani Jun
Published: February 2025

Non-contact and non-destructive methods are essential for accurately determining the thermophysical properties necessary for the optimal thermal design of semiconductor devices and for assessing the properties of materials with varying crystallinity across their thickness. Among these methods, frequency-domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) stands out as an effective technique for evaluating the thermal characteristics of nano/microscale specimens. FDTR varies the thermal penetration depth by modifying the heating frequency, enabling a detailed analysis of the thermophysical properties at different depths. This study introduces a machine learning approach that employs FDTR to examine the thermal conductivity profile along the depth of a specimen. A neural network model incorporating dropout techniques was adapted to estimate the posterior probability distribution of depth-wise thermal conductivity. Analytical databases for both uniform and non-uniform thermal conductivity profiles were generated, and the machine learning model was trained using these databases. The effectiveness of the predictive model was confirmed through assessments of both uniform and non-uniform thermal conductivity profiles, achieving a coefficient of determination between 0.96 and 0.99. For uniform thermal conductivity, the method attained mean absolute percentage errors of 1.362% for thermal conductivity and 3.466% for thermal boundary conductance (compared to actual values in the analytically calculated database). In cases of non-uniform thermal conductivity, the prediction accuracy decreased, particularly near the sample's surface, primarily due to the limited availability of machine learning data at higher heating frequencies.
Investigating the nonlinear dynamics of acoustic waves by analyzing the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation in an unmagnetized plasma
Authors: Zaman Fowziyah , Barua Sagar , Hafez M. G. , Iqbal S. A.
Published: February 2025

This study explores the bifurcation analysis of ion-acoustic (IA) waves, electrostatic IA soliton propagation, as well as the behavior of periodic waves and chaos in a three-component, unmagnetized plasma composed of fully ionized ions and (r, q)-distributed electrons and positrons. To investigate the nonlinear behavior of IA waves across different plasma parameters, the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation is derived using the well-known reductive perturbation method. By applying a traveling wave transformation, a planar dynamical system is formulated. The phase portrait is then constructed to provide a detailed examination of the nonlinear wave phenomena emerging in the system. In addition, the Lyapunov spectrum is analyzed to determine whether the system exhibits chaotic motion. The impact of physical parameters on both the electrostatic and Sagdeev potentials is also studied. The findings of this research could contribute significantly to advancing the understanding of soliton propagation physics in astrophysical settings, various plasma environments, and laboratory experiments.
Weld quality and dynamic corrosion behavior of ship pipeline systems
Authors: Guo Zhiwei , Hu Sheng , Bai Dingjia , Jiang Pan
Published: February 2025

Three types of specimens (defect-free, with porosity defects, and with slag inclusions) were prepared via manual arc welding of Q355 steel. The effects of welding defects on the dynamic corrosion of ship pipeline systems under different conditions were revealed through macroscopic morphology, surface roughness test, atomic absorption spectroscopy test, microscopic morphology, and x-ray diffractometer detection of corrosion products. As the Cl− concentration increased, the color of the rust layer around the weld darkened, and uneven protrusions accumulated. The corrosion products are γ-FeOOH, α-FeOOH, and Fe3O4. Welding defects enhance the stratification of the rust layer and lead to more serious corrosion. Both the weld zone (WZ) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) started from the corrosion pit and expanded, ultimately reaching into the flake corrosion zone. The degree of corrosion in the WZ was more severe than in the HAZ. The degrees of corrosion in the WZ and the HAZ of the sample with porosity defects were higher than those of the sample with slag inclusions, and the sample without defects exhibited the least corrosion.
Research on fast calculation method of temperature field of metal structure near reactors considering the effect of multiple harmonic superposition
Authors: Jin Shuo , Yang Yuchen , Zhu Lin , Zhang Guozhi , Bai Song , Zhang Xiaoxing , Chen Qing
Published: February 2025

The arm reactor is an essential piece of equipment in the flexible DC transmission system. The current waveform is complex, and the harmonic content is high during the operation; therefore, the superposition of multiple harmonics must be considered for the accurate analysis of the temperature rise of structural components near the bridge arm reactor. In order to improve the calculation efficiency of temperature distribution, a fitting method is proposed to construct the frequency characteristic curve and calculate the eddy current loss under each harmonic based on the frequency variation characteristic of the reactor structure. The loss calculation error of the above method is within 2% as verified by finite element simulation calculations. Based on the proposed eddy current loss calculation method, this study calculates the temperature field of a reactor and its nearby structural components, compared to the traditional method of calculating the loss by summing each harmonic individually, the proposed approach achieves a temperature error of less than 3% and the calculation efficiency is increased by 73.3%. The loss calculation method proposed in this paper can provide guidance and reference for the rapid calculation of temperature field of nearby structural components of reactors.
Performance and carbon emission of solid waste-based solidification materials cooperative fiber solidifying soil
Authors: Shu Benan , Chen Zhi , Zeng Guodong , Zhu Maocong , Qiu Keyi
Published: February 2025

The mechanical and drying shrinkage characteristics of solid waste-based solidification materials (SBM) cooperative fiber solidifying soil were examined. The microstructure was tested using scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The results revealed that the optimum content for both polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and basalt fiber (BF) was both 0.3%. The uncontrolled compressive strength and deformation modulus (E50) of SBM incorporating PVA were enhanced by 36% and 107%, respectively. At 28 days of curing, the dry shrinkage of solidified soil recycled aggregate showed a reduction of 70%, reaching 300 με. The presence of abundant ettringite (Aft) in SBM solidified soil acted as shrinkage compensatory. The formation of calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) and Aft on the damaged PVA surface suggests that the bonding effect of PVA with the matrix is superior to that of BF. The porosity of SBM solidified soil was diminished to 27%, with the pores shifting toward smaller sizes. The carbon emission and carbon emissions relative to the performance of SBM were 186 kg/t and 50.3 kg/MPa, respectively.
Numerals in Koracha
Authors: Kodagunti Basavaraja
Published: February 2025

The paper examines Koracha numerals to comprehend their internal structure and historical development. This study
has revealed several intriguing features within Koracha, including: (1) a distinct structure in the formation of complex numerals,
where some involve a conjoining morpheme, (2) the presence of two different forms for the base term ‘ten’ in the creation of
higher numerals, (3) variations in the forms of numerals used independently versus those employed in compound numerals, and (4) the existence of unique forms of numerals, among other notable characteristics. An examination of the historical aspects of
Koracha numerals has the potential to unveil various intriguing historical developments, including the retention of the conjoining
morpheme — a possible Dravidian feature lost in other languages but preserved in Koracha. Additionally, Koracha displays two
distinct forms of the numeral ‘ten’ in various complex numerals, indicating an ongoing historical shift in numeral forms.
A typological study on person sensitivity in Ersu
Authors: Zhang Sihong , Chen Jie
Published: February 2025

Since the “conjunct vs. disjunct” distinction was employed to describe the interaction between person and other
grammatical categories or functional factors in Kathmandu Newari, the linguistic phenomenon has been widely discussed and
different terms such as “self person vs. other person” and “egophoric vs. non-egophoric” distinction have also been used. However,
there are always widespread parameters of variations found in specific languages. Ersu, a language quite sensitive to person
distinction, is a case in point. Firstly, it not only has two different sets of first person pronouns but also has two different
sets of third person pronouns. Moreover, it has differentiated person-based marking strategies of prospective, prospective,
imminent and perfect aspects. Ersu not only shares some similarities with those person distinction languages, but also boasts of
its own uniqueness. Therefore, we proposed to use “person sensitivity” as a more general and suitable term to describe the
linguistic phenomenon in cross-languages.
Upper critical fields in high-

T

c

superconductors
Authors: Wei Wei , Xiang Yuling , Hou Qiang , Sun Yue , Shi Zhixiang
Published: February 2025

Since the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates, understanding the unconventional pairing mechanism has remained one of the most significant challenges. The upper critical field (

H

c
2

) is an essential parameter for obtaining information on the pair-breaking mechanism, coherence length ξ, and pairing symmetry, all of which are crucial for understanding unconventional superconducting mechanisms. Here, we provide a brief review of studies on

H

c
2

in several representative series of cuprate, iron-based, and nickelate superconductors. By comparing the behavior of

H

c
2

as a function of temperature, doping concentration, and anisotropy across these three major classes of superconductors, we hope to contribute to a better understanding of the complex pairing interactions in high-temperature superconductors.
Precise camera calibration method based on eccentricity correction of circular target
Authors: Cheng Xiaoqi , Liu Zhimin , Zeng Zhihao , Tan Haishu , Liang Xinfeng
Published: February 2025

Acquiring high-precision and robust calibration methods for determining the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of cameras is essential to ensuring the accuracy of visual measurements and three-dimensional reconstruction. This paper addresses the challenge of reduced calibration accuracy in camera systems caused by eccentricity errors in the extraction of circular target feature centers. We propose a precise calibration method that corrects these eccentricity errors associated with circular targets. The method begins by solving for the homography matrix of each calibration image using the coordinates of both image points and target points. Subsequently, the homography matrix is used to generate the frontal view of the circular target, enabling the precise extraction and back-mapping of the circular target’s center based on this frontal view. Finally, using the corrected coordinates of the circle center and the calibration method proposed by Zhang in the paper ‘A Flexible New Technique for Camera Calibration’, we accurately determine the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the camera. Simulation experiments show the proposed calibration method aligns perfectly with ground truth without noise. In practical tests, it outperformed the checkerboard and traditional circular target methods, reducing reprojection errors by 0.0295 and 0.0176 pixels, respectively. Additionally, the cross-ratio experiment showed a 0.076% reduction in error for corrected circle center points. These results highlight significant improvements in calibration accuracy, meeting high-precision needs in visual sensing.
LumEDA: image luminance based contactless correlates of electrodermal responses
Authors: Bhamborae Mayur , Schneider Elena N , Flotho Philipp , Francis Alexander L , Strauss Daniel J
Published: February 2025

Objective. Electrodermal activity (EDA) is a marker of psychophysiological arousal and is usually a measure of the skin conductance which is associated with sweat gland activity. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to estimate the EDA using contactless video based methods. Approach. Sensor EDA signals (SenEDA) and videos of the the palm were recorded simultaneously from over 30 participants under various stimuli (audio, video, cognitive and physiological). The luminance information from the video data was used to track sweat gland activity on the skin surface and extract the contactless signal luminance based EDA (LumEDA). Main results. Comparison of the SenEDA and LumEDA signals showed a high positive correlation between the two as expected. Significance. Under suitable illumination, simple spatial filters can be used to track sweat gland activity which can then be used to estimate signals analogous to the EDA. Such video based methods also facilitate spatio-temporal analysis of EDA correlates over larger areas of the body.
A chameleon system with a cosine function: bifurcation analysis, multistability, and offset boosting
Authors: Liu Jie , Sang Bo , Wang Chun , Fan Lihua , Liu Xueqing , Ahmad Irfan , Karimov Timur , Rybin Vyacheslav , Butusov Denis , Wang Ning
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a novel three-dimensional chameleon system derived from the classical Duffing oscillator. The innovation lies in transforming an externally driven Duffing system into an internally modulated autonomous system through a coupling between the driving force and system state. This coupling mechanism leads to a chameleon system with rich multistable dynamics. Through rigorous mathematical analysis, we establish the system’s basic properties, including dissipativity, local stability and a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. Using a bifurcation diagram, for small values of parameter c, we detect that c = 0 serves as a critical boundary between hidden and self-excited chaotic regimes. Using a continuation diagram, we find that a supercritical Hopf bifurcation occurs at c = 0 followed by a period-doubling route to self-excited chaos as c increases. When c = 0, by varying two independent parameters, we conduct comprehensive bifurcation analysis, revealing intricate dynamical behaviors. A remarkable discovery is the system’s ability to exhibit four nested hidden chaotic attractors, with their chaotic intensity (characterized by maximum Lyapunov exponents) monotonically decreasing from 0.1044 to 0.0226 as the distance from the equilibrium point increases. Additionally, we introduce an offset boosting mechanism that enables controlled shifting of attractors - a feature with potential applications in chaos-based engineering systems. The system is validated through numerical simulations and physical implementation using an electronic circuit that employs MC33078 and OPA2134 operational amplifiers with an 8th-order polynomial approximation of the cosine function.
Investigation of radiation shielding properties of CeO2 thin films prepared at different molarities
Authors: Kanmaz İmran , Köksal Oğuz Kağan , Apaydin Gökhan , Tomakin Murat , Cengiz Erhan
Published: February 2025

In this study, CeO2 thin films were produced using the spin coting method, which is one of the sol–gel methods, in six different molarities. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed the characteristic peaks of the films, while Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) confirmed their homogeneous structure. Then, radiation shielding parameters like linear absorption coefficient (LAC), mass absorption coefficient (MAC), tent value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), and half value layer (HVL) were thoroughly examined. The results showed that increasing molarity had a significant effect on the thickness values of thin films and the absorption parameters were found to improve with increasing molarity. Both LAC and MAC values decrease as the energy level increases, but the increase in CeO2 molarity leads to a strong increase on these coefficients. The HVL value was also found to be 0.42 cm at the lowest energy of 14.957 keV and to be around 10 cm at the greatest energy of 59.543 keV (0.05 M). When the radiation energy applied to the material was raised from 14.957 keV to 59.543 keV, it was found that the MFP values of 0.05 M CeO2 thin films grew gradually from 0.61 cm to 14.51 cm. High energy radiation of 59.543 keV and a low density (0.05 M) medium resulted in peak TVL values of 33.423 cm, allowing the radiation to pass through the material with minimal interaction.
An integrated intelligent approach for optimizing process parameters in diamond turning of sc-Ge for high-quality optical surfaces
Authors: Prasad Kundan Kumar , Tamang Santosh Kumar , Negi Vipender Singh , Amir Md , Jha Sunil , Khan Gufran Sayeed
Published: February 2025

Infrared (IR) materials like single-crystal germanium (sc-Ge) are gaining attention due to their outstanding optical properties, especially in infrared (IR) applications. This study focuses on improving the surface finish of sc-Ge substrates for IR applications using a diamond turning machine (DTM). The challenges in achieving the desired surface quality are addressed through an innovative approach that combines the response surface methodology (RSM) with a teaching–learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm. The optimal surface quality is achieved at lower depths of cut and feed rates, along with moderate spindle speeds, resulting in smoother topography and lower surface roughness. Statistical modeling using RSM highlights TLBO’s efficacy over traditional optimization methods, achieving a 0.37 nm surface roughness (Sa) under optimised machining parameters. Experimental validation demonstrate a close agreement between the optimized and experimental values, with a deviation of 3.24%. This study provides practical insights for efficient use of DTM to enhance performance of sc-Ge optical components for IR applications, contributing to surface quality optimization in the field of ultra-precision optics fabrication.