bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE OUTCOME OF SARS-COV2 INFECTION AMONG CHILDREN WITH CANCER IN SULAIMANIYAH PROVINCE, IRAQ
Authors: Abdulla Khanda , Salih Khalid , Rashid Bakir
Published: December 2023

Background 

The most significant and pervasive health issue faced the globe during the last 2years was coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Patients diagnosed with childhood cancer may have impaired immune systems due to their illness or therapy, increasing their vulnerability to COVID-19 infection.

Objectives 

To determine the outcome of COVID-19 in children with malignancy who received chemotherapy, explain characteristic features, and assess the severity of COVID-19 among haematological vs oncological malignancies

Patients and Methods

This Retro-prospective cohort study was carried out in the Hiwa oncology Hospital in the Sulaimaniyah governorate from November 2021 to February 2022 on 70 children with cancer using PCR to confirm their COVID-19 infection (60 haematological cases and ten oncological cases).

Results

Among the total 70 patients involved in the study, 52.9% were males, 47.1% were females, and their mean age was 8.83 ± 4.3. About sixty-two (90%) cases had haematological malignancies, and 8(10%) had oncological malignancies. The most predominant symptom was fever (82.9%), followed by cough (67.1%). On the other hand, 58 (82.9%) cases had mild disease, and 8 (11.4%) had the moderate disease. Chest x-ray infiltration was found in 12 (17.1%) cases; 14 (20.0%) children needed hospital admission, only 1 (1.4%) case required intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 6 (8.6%) patients needed O2 therapy. Sixty-seven children recovered from COVID-19, and three children died. 

Conclusion

Most children with cancer (CwC) had mild infections and were outpatients with benign outcomes. Haematological malignancies, especially acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), are the commonest malignancies among COVID-19 patients. Most COVID-19 patients were symptomatic, with fever and cough being the predominant symptoms.
PERCEPTION OF MEDICAL STUDENTS AND EXAMINERS TOWARDS OBJECTIVE STRUCTURED CLINICAL EXAMINATION: A FEEDBACK FOR IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Sediq Rozhan , Salih Jamal , Fattah Fattah , Hassan Adnan
Published: December 2023

Background  Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is globally used in the assessment of the clinical competency of medical students. Nevertheless, OSCE has to be carefully designed and organised to be fair and reliable. Objectives  The study aimed to observe the perception of medical students and their examiners towards OSCE. Materials and Methods The survey is a cross-sectional study in which a self-administrative questionnaire was designed and filled by 286 third-year students and 64 examiners of the College of Medicine /University of Sulaimani after the end of phase-1 assessment OSCE of 2020-2021. Ethical approval has been obtained from the university. The study data were collected and analysed by SPSS (23.0). Results The response rate was high among the students and examiners; 95.6% (286/299) and 80% (64/80), respectively. The OSCE reliability test was acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.78-0.81). The proportions of agreed students to the OSCE fairness, tested skills, and minimising the chance of failing were 42.7%, 51.4%, and 33%, respectively; however, 65.8% found the OSCE very stressful. Although 45% of the students felt dissatisfied with the OSCE instructions, 42-58% and 33-39% agreed with the OSCE organisation and performance, respectively. Among the examiners, the majority perceived that the OSCE was fair, well-organised, and timed. Compared to the conventional method, 79.7% of the examiners thought that OSCE was better in various domain assessments, whereas 60.9% found it exhausting.  Conclusion Overall, students’ perception of the OSCE was similarly spread to agree, neutral, and disagree, which was lower than the examiner’s great satisfaction. These results highlighted the necessity of further improvement in future OSCEs.
COPING STRATEGIES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH PARENTING STYLES
Authors: Hama Rebwar
Published: December 2023

Background 

There is a strong correlation between parenting styles and the outcomes of adults; the most common coping mechanism was a spiritual connection.

Objectives 

The present study aimed mainly at finding out the correlation between parenting styles and coping mechanisms and also to find out the most used parenting styles and coping mechanisms among the study sample. The study had a sub-aim of knowing the difference between the parenting styles perceived by the study sample compared with what has been found in the literature around the globe.

Methods

The study used a convenient sample of Koya University students who lived in the dormitories of the university campus. The sample comprised 411 students, 191 males and 220 females. For measuring the different styles of parenting and for measuring the different mechanisms of coping used by the study sample, a coping questionnaire was used. In addition, T-test and Pearson correlation techniques in Statistical Package for Social Sciences were also used to analyze the data frequency percentage.

Results

The study results showed a significant correlation between parenting styles and coping mechanisms; the passivity coping mechanism was positively correlated to the authoritative and permissive mothers’ parenting styles and positively correlated with the authoritative fathers’ parenting style. The population perceived the authoritarian parenting style to be the most used parenting style by both mothers and fathers. The most common coping mechanism among Koya University students was passivity. 

Conclusion

The study findings indicated that the most used coping mechanisms by the study sample were passivity coping mechanisms, and the most common parenting style appraised by the study sample was the authoritarian parenting style.
THE WEIGHT-REDUCING EFFECT OF ENDOSCOPICALLY–INSERTED INTRAGASTRIC BALLOONS FOR OBESE PATIENTS FAILED WEIGHT CONTROL WITH LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION AND DRUGS
Authors: Hussein Hiwa , Salim Bakhtyar , Al-Shaikhani Mohammad , Sleman Aziz
Published: December 2023

Background 

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved three intragastric balloons (IGB) devices, ReShape, ORBERA™, and Obalon, for treating obesity. Given the high cost, complication risk, and invasiveness of bariatric surgery, IGB treatment may present a safer and lower-cost option for weight reduction. IGBs are generally placed in the stomach endoscopically for up to 6 months to reduce gastric capacity, enhance feelings of fullness, and induce weight loss. The mechanism of action likely involves stimulation of gastric mechanoreceptors triggering short-acting vagal signals to brain regions implicated in satiety. Balloon efficacy may be influenced by balloon volume, patient gastric capacity, and treatment duration.

Objectives 

To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of intra-gastric balloons on weight reduction versus obese patients’ failed weight controlled by dietary changes and drugs.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed in Sulaimani City from 2017 to Feb./2018. We included 40 obese patients by the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of BMI≥30. The subjects aged 18-68 years with intra-gastric balloons were inserted by endoscopy for 4-9 months. Anthropometric measurements were obtained before, during and after the removal of intra-gastric balloons.

Results

In total, 40 cases of obese patients, 21 (52.5%) females and 19 (47.5%) males. The mean age was 37.1±11.70years with a range of 18-68 years. BMI and weight significantly reduced early 3-month mean weight 12.78±2.81 Kg, and late 6-month mean weight 9.05±1.89 Kg and around 21 Kgs at removal. Only one patient was the IGB removed early by four months and was not included. Late one year after IGB removal, the long-term effect on BMI and weight were recorded and maintained in most persons. 

Conclusion

Intragastric balloon (IGB) was effective in our study. The observed weight reduction was maintained through 1 year after removal & IGB appeared safe and tolerable & satisfactory for most obese subjects.
CESAREAN SCAR ECTOPIC PREGNANCY IN RELATION TO PREVIOUS OBSTETRICAL HISTORY
Authors: Arif Gash , Fattah Chro
Published: December 2023

Background 

Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP) is the implantation of a gestational sac inside the scar of a previous cesarean section (C/S). CSEP is a life-threatening condition that needs early management.

Objectives 

The study aimed to know the associations between CSEP and previous obstetrical history.

Patients and Methods

Twenty-seven women with CSEP who were admitted to the Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital from September 2019 to October 2021 were collected for this cross-sectional study. Complete obstetrical history, clinical features, the interval between the last C/S and CSEP, mode of diagnosis, and types of management were recorded.

Results

The mean of maternal age, gravidity and parity were 32.14±4.63 years (range, 24 to 40 years), 3.73±1.75 (range, 1 to 8) and 2.36±1.33 (range, 1 to 6), respectively. The majority (74.1%) had no significant medical diseases. The mean interval between the last C/S and CSEP was 2.6±1.8 years, and 92.6% complained of vaginal bleeding. The association of gravidity with CSEP presentation was statistically significant. Only 22.2% had a history of one prior C/S alone; however, 74.1, 14.8%, and 3.7% of patients had two, three, and four previous C/Ss, respectively. Besides, the associations of first and second C/Ss with obstetricians’ experience who performed the C/Ss were statistically significant. 

Conclusion

The risk of CSEP increases when the frequency of gravidity and previous C/S increases.
Indoor Radon measurements in dwellings in four districts of Al-Rusafa side – Baghdad
Authors: Amin S. , Al-Nuzal S. , Lami M. , Sami S.
Published: December 2023

Indoor radon level measurements were carried out in 36 dwellings in Al-Rusafa side of Baghdad, using CR-39 solid state nuclear track detectors. The measurements were performed during spring 2013 (March, April and May) for a period of 90 days using a total of 120 dosimeters. The dosimeters were distributed in 4 districts in Al-Rusafa side (Rusafa, Adhamia, 9 Nissan and Karrada) and installed in living rooms, bedrooms and kitchens of each house, selected randomly in the investigated area. The average indoor radon concentration in Al-Rusafa dwellings was found with mean values of 13.9 Bqm-3. Annual effective dose and annual equivalent dose that Al-Rusafa inhabitants exposed to were 346.5µSvy-1 and 8.31mSvy-1, respectively. The mean values of radon concentration levels in bedrooms, kitchens and living rooms are 14.3, 15.0 and 14.5 Bqm-3 respectively. The results show that radon concentration levels in the investigated dwellings are far below 100 Bqm-3 as recommended by ICRP and WHO.
Synthesis of Carbon thin films using Aerosol-Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition (AACVD)
Authors: Al-Dulaimi Naktal
Published: December 2023

Aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) technique was used to produce carbon thin films. The synthesised films have been deposited using chloroform solvent as a single source precursor at 550 °C. Raman spectroscopy, powder X-Ray diffraction (p.XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the thin films and the result shows that carbon thin films successfully have been prepared. Carbon thin films were produced from chloroform solvent as a single source precursor therefore, this work recommends to avoid using chloroform as a solvent in AACVD technique when the deposition carried out at high temperatures (above 500 ºC), to keep the deposited materials pure from high level of carbon contamination.
Some Properties of Faithful Locally Multiplication Modules
Authors: Jabbar Adil , Hamaali Payman , Abid Adham
Published: December 2023

An
Design Tukey’s Control Chart and mix with CUSUM Control Chart
Authors: Rashid Kawa
Published: December 2023

Statistical process control is a collection of valuable tools for detecting alteration in a process. It has wide application in many areas field and other fields where variation is being monitored. The variation may be a natural cause variation or a particular cause variation. Statistical process control deals with the monitoring process to detect disturbances in the process. These disturbances may be from the process mean or variance. This study proposes efficient charts for detecting early shifts in dispersion parameters by applying the Fast Initial Response feature. We propose and compare the performance of different cumulative sum (CUSUM)control charts for phase II monitoring of location based on mean and median. The (CUSUM) control chart, which is a method of data analysis based on John Tukey's principles control chart (TCC), is used to compare the proposed charts with their existing counterparts is used to evaluate new charts to existing charts using performance measures such as average run length, the standard deviation of run length, additional quadratic loss, relative average run length, and performance comparison . The proposed charts detect early shifts in the process dispersion faster and have better overall. This article is a similar effort to design an improved charting structure in the form of mixed or using Tukey -CUSUM chart together, to show the process control chart., and drawing the Average Run Length ARL value.
Functional outcome of elastic intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft fractures in children
Authors: Mahmood Hamid , Abdulqader Sarkan
Published: December 2023

Background: Pediatric femoral shaft fracture is the most frequent fracture type in orthopedic practice in which males are affected more commonly than females. Currently, intramedullary fixation for the managing of femoral shaft fracture in children is widely used worldwide, including Iraq, which overcomes most of the difficulties related to other treatment modalities. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the clinical, functional, and radiological consequences of pediatric femoral shaft fractures achieved with a titanium elastic nail system (TENS). Materials & Methods: In this study, 28 children aged 5-10 years with femoral shaft fracture admitted to Shar Hospital, Sulaimaniyah, Republic of Iraq, were enrolled. Their fractures were fixed with Titanium Elastic Nail (TEN), in which a pair of the same-sized nail was used for each fracture. The outcomes were assessed using Flynn’s scoring criteria. Finally, the patients were discharged the next day and followed up after 2, 4, 8, 12 and 20 weeks of surgery. Results: Based on Flynn’s score assessment, the outcome of 85.71% of patients were excellent, 12.5% were satisfactory, and 1.79% were poor. All patients were showed a radiological unification and a conceivable full weight-bearing in a mean time of ~ 9 weeks, while their full knee variety of movement was attained in 2 months. Conclusions: TENS is a potential means to treat femoral shaft fractures in children as it is a simple, safe, minimally invasive, and physeal-protective with fewer complications and a high rate of good and excellent outcomes.
Incidence of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in Sulaimaniyah Government, Iraq
Authors: Hama Hardi , Akhaways Ismaeel , Arkawazi Lusan
Published: December 2023

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a well-known tendency to metastasize. Kidney Cancer (KC) has some histopathological subtypes; the most common one is clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), which can spread to distant organs in the body like the lungs, brain, bone, and lymphatic system. Multiple RCC metastasis can be treated by complete surgical resection of all metastases if the patient is amenable for surgery, in spite that there is another option in the management of (metRCC) like chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Full metastasectomy was related to a significant extension of median cancer-specific survival. Also, it is important during multiple metastasectomies; the surgical beds have free of tumours. Primary systemic therapy is targeted therapy (TT) that affect the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway, which improves progression-free survival and overall survival. The results of this study demonstrate that the incidence of metastasized RCC was 0.28 in 2017, which increased until in 2018, it became 0.92, which was the first pick. The second pick was in 2019, which was 1.26. After that, the incidence steadily decreased till 2020 and became 0.57 per 100,000 populations. Regarding types of operation and laterality, partial nephrectomy was done for (45%), radical nephrectomy for 52.5% and 2.5% were non operated, and (64.8%) of the primary tumour was right-sided, and 35.2% was left-sided. Regarding male gender 75 (61.5%) and female 47 (38.5%), non-symptomatic patients were 57.4% while 28.7% had flank pain history, 7.4% had gross hematuria, and 4.1% had back pain symptoms. Route of diagnosis only by ultrasound (US) in 86% and least diagnostic tool is magnetic resonance image (MRI) (0.8%). The most frequent (72.7%) histologic subtype was ccRCC. The most frequent site of distant metastasis was a respiratory system which was 9.8%, then 4.9% metastasized to the skeletal system. In contrast, connective tissue, the endocrine system, and the digestive system had the least common site (0.8%), 10.7% had metachronous, and 13.9% had synchronous metastasis, respectively. Regarding risk factors, 83.4% had a smoking history, the mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.3 kg/m2 , and 46.7% had ahypertension history. This study demonstrated the incidence of MetRCC in the Sulaimaniyah government. Finally, we concluded that the incidence of metastatic RCC increases annually, also synchronous metastasis has higher than metachronous metastasis. In contrast, metastatic RCC is more common in males than females, and most cases of RCC are diagnosed incidentally by a noninvasive imaging method, which was US.
Hematological Variations Among SARS-COV-2 Patients Attending Zhyan Hospital at Ranya District, Iraq
Authors: Ahmed Aesha , Mohammed Sulaf
Published: December 2023

Millions of people throughout the world have been impacted by the global pandemic virus SARS-COV-2. There is a paucity of information on the impact of SARS-COV-2 on hematological parameters in Kurdistan. To assess the effect of several physiological and pathological factors on the severity of the disease, this study looks at the hematological parameters among SARS-COV-2 patients hospitalized at Zhyan Hospital in Ranya, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. 200 cases were recruited for this study between 28th of September and 31st of December 2021. 50 negative people made up the control group, while 150 SARS-COV-2 patients mild, severe, and critical cases formed the study's three main study groups. The patients in the three groups were compared in terms of their hematological characteristics. The study revealed that compared to controls, SARS-COV-2 patients had significantly increased levels of white blood cells, granulocytes, platelet-large cell ratio, monocyte, red distribution width, platelet distribution width, platelet and decreased lymphocytes. WBC count, granulocyte, platelet-large cell ratio, monocyte, red distribution width, and platelet distribution width were all considerably higher in the critical group of SARS-COV-2 patients than in the severe and mild groups. Additionally, critical patients had considerably higher levels of lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia than severe and mild patient groups. Additionally, the critical group contained the highest proportion of SARS-COV-2 patients with concomitant conditions such as hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The illness severity of SARS-COV-2 infection is nearly correlated with age, comorbidity, and levels of WBC, Lymphocyte, Granulocyte, Platelets, and P-LCR. Additionally, our results based on basic laboratory data may be useful in early illness severity prediction, and to improve the SARS-COV-2 patient survival rate.
Medial Crural Auto-rim Flap in Primary Open Rhinoplasty
Authors: Hassan Hazhir , Qadir Ary , Hasan Hawre
Published: December 2023

Background: Aging significantly affects the nasal tip and columella; thus, weakening of fibroelastic attachments in the scroll area and intercrural suspensory ligaments results in tip ptosis, separation of the medial crural footplates, and expansion of the membranous septum.Aim: Thus, we focused on a new technique to maintain tip support without grafting and treat columellar-hanging deformity by folding in the caudal edge of the medial crura as a flap instead of trimming it in patients undergoing open aesthetic rhinoplasty.Patients and Methods: In this prospective-observational study, 37 patients were enrolled between July 2020 to January 2022 at Sulaimani Plastic, Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Hospital and Royal Private Hospital in Sulaimani, Republic of Iraq. After asking the age of the patients, all participants were appropriately prepared for the surgery and underwent primary open rhinoplasty for columellar hanging deformity correction.Results: We found that all enrolled patients were satisfied with their nasal shape except one patient who complained about the columellar region's appearance but without the need for revision. Also, the objective assessment of the nasal tip support showed good maintenance upon the follow-up time for patients despite the lack of cartilage graft in the tip area.Conclusion: In the medial crural auto-rim flap technique, the excess caudal medial crural cartilage could be used as a flap instead of trimming it despite concomitant tip support intercrural augmentation and correction of the columellar hanging deformity.
Prevalence of Acute Appendicitis Complications in Overweight and Obese Patients: A Cross-Sectional Case Series Study
Authors: Ahmed Bawan , Ahmed Hiwa
Published: December 2023

Background: Obesity is known to increase morbidity and mortality in the general population and therefore is perceived as a risk factor for adverse post-surgical results.Aims: To find the real impact of extra weight on the course of the early postoperative complications of open appendectomy.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional case series study was conducted on 93 patients from a total 100 patients labeled with an acute abdomen with signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis. Early postoperative complications are classified according to the Clavien-Dindo-Classification (CDC) system.Results: Seventy-one (76.34%) patients went through a smooth postoperative period without complications, of which the majority belong to group A with normal body weight (n=39, 54.9%). The most common early complications were superficial surgical site infection (n=14, 15.05), deep surgical site infection (n=6, 6.45%) equally in both groups A, and B that required hospital admission and antibiotic therapy and 2 male patients (2.15%) in the group A; average weight group developed deep surgical site infection both of their intraoperative findings were perforated appendicitis.Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between the duration of hospital stay and the patient's weight (P-value=0.00541). Albeit, the results showed that patients with excess weight need to stay longer in the hospital compared to average-weight patients.
Intralesional Injection of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine in Molluscum Contagiosum Treatment: An Experimental Study
Authors: Karim Sirwan , Abdulla Darsim
Published: December 2023

Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a common viral infection that affects the skin and the mucous membranes. Several studies have shown that intralesional Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) immunotherapy is beneficial for treating warts. There is very little information about the effectiveness of this treatment method in patients with MC. The study's objective was to assess whether patients with MC benefit from intralesional MMR vaccination. This experimental study was carried out on 20 patients of MC (11 men and 9 women) who visited Sulaimani Dermatology Teaching Center, who received a maximum of six doses of intralesional MMR vaccine with an interval of two weeks between sessions. Three kinds of therapy responses were identified; complete, partial, and no response. A number of side effects were recorded. The mean ± SD of the age, duration of the disease, and the number of skin lesions were 17.9 ±17.1 years, 5.1 ±2.2 months, and 10.4 ±7.9 lesions, respectively. Sixty-five percent of patients had complete clearance, 25% with partial clearance and 10% experienced no clearance. According to the examined variables, no significant difference was present in the frequency of the various treatment responses (p>0.05). The noticed side effects were temporary mild redness, edema, and pain at the site of injection. Recurrence was not seen in any of the patients who responded completely to the treatment. Although it seems that intralesional MMR immunotherapy was effective and safe in the treatment of the skin lesions due to MC. To further support the results of the current study, larger prospective studies that are placebo-controlled and have longer follow-ups are required.
Nurses’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding Oxytocin Administration in the First Stage of Labor in Maternity Teaching Hospital in Sulaimaniyah City
Authors: Faris Gona
Published: December 2023

Background: Oxytocic refers to a group of drugs that cause contraction of uterine muscles, resulting in the delivery of the placenta or fetus. As an oxytocic agent, oxytocin is a serious and significant medication that is broadly utilized in clinical practice to help with the initiation and continuation of labor. Failure to use oxytocin properly can lead to serious adverse impacts on both mother and baby; therefore, health professionals need to pay close attention during its administration.Materials and Methods: Through a descriptive analytical study conducted at  the labor and delivery unit in Maternity Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani city, the nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding oxytocin administration during the 1st stage of labor were assessed. A convenient sampling method was employed to all (70) nurses working in the labor room from 5th January to 20th February 2022. Data collection was carried out through 3 tools, including a structured interview questionnaire which was aimed at gathering the nurses’ general characteristics, a nurses’ knowledge questionnaire, and an observational checklist to assess the nurses’ practices regarding oxytocin administration. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version (version 22.0) was used to analyze the collected data. Results: The results indicated that the nurses’ level of knowledge and oxytocin administration practice was below average in 60.0% and 45.7% of them, respectively. It was also seen that the knowledge and practice were poor in half of the nurses. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between total knowledge and practice scores.Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it is recommended that periodic in-services training programs should be conducted for the nurses who administer oxytocin drugs in order to constantly improve their knowledge and practice of safe administration and to reduce the adverse impacts of this drug.
The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Symptoms of Depression among Syrian Children Refugees in Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Jassim Arazo , Gardi Abdulqader
Published: December 2023

Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy is helpful verbal therapy to reduce symptoms of depression in children. It always includes parent involvement, teaching skills that are practiced at home or school, and measures of progress that are tracked over time. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the psychoeducational program for reducing symptoms of depression in Syrian children. Methods: We used a quasi-experimental research design to survey 272 children living in Arbat Campus Refugee, Kurdistan Region-Iraq, from Nov. 5, 2020, until Nov. 20, 2021 (data collection and program intervention). Sociodemographic data were collected from the participants/parents using a specific questionnaire, and CBT was applied to the experimental group.Results: A non-probability, purposive sample size of 272 children were divided into experimental and control groups with 136 children each aged 5-13 years, using the simple random sampling approach. The socio-demographic data revealed that most children were 11-13 years, and most were females, and also appears that most of the families have 4-6 children. Additionally, most of the parents have a basic level of education with psychological distress among their parents very highly. Additionally, highly frequent behavioral characteristics were found in the sample response table 2 (88.2%).Conclusion: We concluded that the Cognitive behavioral therapy intervention is effective in reducing symptoms of depression among Syrian refugee children living on the Arbat campus that might be due to their parent's significant psychological distress.
Influence of Dietaries Combined Vitamin E and Selenium Powder on Eggs' Fertility and Hatchability in Japanese Quail
Authors: Ameen Mohmood , Wahhab Mohammed , Kareem Mohammed
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted at the Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kalar Technical College, Veterinary Techniques Department, and animal management farm. The objective of the present study was to show the effect of adding different levels of vitamin E and inorganic Selenium (Sodium selenite) on the fertility and hatchability of Japanese quail from Apr 15 2021 to Jul 15 2021. A total number of 128 birds at 12 weeks old Japanese quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) were used (96 females and 32 males). These birds were randomly divided into four dietary treatment groups (T); each group was equally subdivided into 8 replicate boxes; each replicate box consisted of 1 male (8 males per group) and 3 females (24 females per group). The quails were housed in vertical boxes and raised under similar environmental, managerial, and veterinarian conditions. The four experimental diets were: 0 = the basal diet (control) with no additions, T1 = 1.0 g vitamin E + selenium mixture/kg diet, T2 = 1.5 g vitamin E + selenium mixture/kg diet, T3 = 2 g vitamin E + Selenium mixture/kg diet. The results showed that the quail birds that were fed supplemented diet with vitamin E + selenium had significantly (P<0.05) higher results in fertility and hatchability, and the study indicated a lower significant effect (P < 0.05) in embryonic mortality of eggs and higher significant increments (P < 0.05) in hatchability of Vitamin E+ Selenium supplemented in T2 with females fed as compared with other treatments and control groups. In conclusion, supplementation of vitamin E +selenium to quail diets is an ameliorative tool in fertility and hatchability traits of Japanese quail.
Assessment of Gingival Phenotype in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Sulaimani City
Authors: Tofiq Rawaz , Hamad Aram
Published: December 2023

Objective: To determine the prevalence of gingival phenotype (GP) in type 2 diabetic patients in Sulaimani city and its relation with the severity of periodontal diseases.Methods: A sample of 150 individuals with type 2 diabetes were selected with an age range of 40-65. Probe transparency method involving a colorvue biotype periodontal probe was used to assess GP through the mid-labial gingival margin on the maxillary and mandibular central, lateral incisors, and canines. Clinical periodontal parameters including keratinized gingival width (KGW), probing pocket depth (PPD), plaque index (PI), bleeding index (BI), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded with a Williams periodontal probe. In addition, standardized HBA1C was assessed for each participant.Results: The majority of patients in this study had thin gingiva (42.7%), followed by medium, thick, and very thick gingiva (38%, 14.7%, and 4.7%, respectively). The association between gingival thickness and severity of periodontal disease (gingivitis, periodontitis stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, and stage 4) was non-significant. However, significant differences were detected between the mean of KGW and the severity of periodontal disease. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant association with gingival thickness according to sex. Conclusions: Thin gingiva was the most common gingival phenotype among type 2 diabetes patients in Sulaimani city, followed by medium gingiva, while thick and very thick gingiva were less common. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant association between gingival phenotype and the severity of the periodontal diseases.
A Modified Naso-Alveolar Molding Device for Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Meran Zhala
Published: December 2023

Objective: Naso-alveolar-molding(NAM) is used to reshape the nasal cartilage and mold the maxillary alveolar arch before surgical cleft/lip repair. The study aimed to modify the conventional-NAM-device to lessen the severity of cleft lip/palate deformity and make the overall procedure simpler and beneficial, with fewer hospital recall visits.Methods: Sixty-six patients with unilateral cleft lip/palate were selected: 21 males and 12 females were fitted with a conventional-NAM-device, whereas 18 males and15 females were fitted with a modified-NAM-device. The inter-alveolar gap ranged between (14.5 and 13.5)mm. A presurgical-NAM-device was applied in the second week after the birth. Standardized parameters of cleft lip/palate were measured on the cast. Nostril width, columellar height, and columellar angle were measured on photographs. The number of recall visits was recorded. The modified device was similar to the conventional-NAM-device. However, the nasal stent was made of acrylic and separated from the plate. The thickness of the acrylic stent ranged from 10 to 3mm. The thicker and heavier acrylic was placed on the bigger arch side, and the thin part was placed on the small arch side.Results: A difference was observed between the conventional and modified device in the time taken to reduce the inter-alveolar-gap. Additionally, with the modified device there were fewer recall visits to the hospital. Furthermore, when the conventional NAM was compared with the modified device, the latter showed a significant improvement regarding the patients’ outcome (One-way-ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis).Conclusions: The modified device is an effective and non-invasive device for accelerating the alignment of the alveolar segments to create the foundation upon which excellent lip/primary nasal surgery results can be achieved. This modification made the procedure more beneficial and simpler for the patient and parents. At the same time, recall visits were reduced by half when compared to those required for the conventional device.
Clinical, Physiological, and Psychological Evaluation of Implant-Related Full Mouth Rehabilitation
Authors: Mahmood Muhammed , Mahmood Bayad
Published: December 2023

Objective: To assess patients' physiological and psychological aspects with full-mouth dental implantation.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 27 patients >30 years old who had full mouth dental implantation from the College of Dentistry Post Graduate Clinic, Shorsh Dental Teaching Center, and Researchers' Private Clinic from August 2021 to August 2022. Patients' feedback about the OHIP-14 questionnaire was assessed.Results: The mean±SD (standard deviation) age was 57.7±12.2 years, and male to female ratio was (1.1:1). Regarding their demographic characteristics, 33.3%, 44.4%, 37%, and 77.8% of patients were retired, had finished institute education, were unemployed, and were from Sulaymaniyah, respectively. In addition, 70.4%, 70.4%, 74.1%, 74.1, and 63% of patients irregularly visited the dentist, used toothbrushing once daily, did not use a mouth rinse, and had either Diabetes mellitus or hypertension or both, respectively. Meanwhile, 18.5%, 11.1%, 11.1%, and 3.7% of patients suffered from temporomandibular (TM) joint clicking, tenderness, limited mouth opening, and bad occlusion, respectively. Functional limitations and psychological disabilities were not well improved, but for other OHIP-14 questionnaire items only 3.7-7.4% of patients reported undesired outcomes.Conclusions: Patients with full-mouth dental implantation reported improvements regarding some items of the OHIP-14 questionnaire. However, in the current study, functional limitations and psychological disabilities were less improved than shown in the literature.
Impact of Immunohistochemical Expression of Collagen III and MMP-14 in Odontogenic Keratocyst
Authors: Hassan Helin , Garib Balkis , Mohammad Dena
Published: December 2023

Objective: Immunohistochemical expression of collagen III and MMP14 was evaluated in odontogenic keratocyst, and correlated tothe clinicopathological parameters to remark on the role of these markers in the biological behavior of the cyst.Methods: Twenty-three odontogenic keratocysts samples were collected from three pathological laboratories in Sulaimani.Demographic information and the available radiographic investigation were recorded. The immune expression of collagen III andMMP14 was evaluated and related to the clinicopathological variables. Chi-square test was used for analysis and a p-value of 0.05 wascut off point for significance.Results: Males were predominantly affected by odontogenic keratocysts lesions (69.6%), which were mainly detected in the >35 yearsage groups. Keratocyst lesions were seen more frequently in the mandible (82.6%), with well-defined borders, and unilocularappearance. Collagen III was oriented more commonly in a parallel direction (70.8%), with moderate intensity (45.8%). MMP14revealed cytoplasmic expression in the epithelial lining of the keratocyst (100%), score 3 was the most prevalent expression (54.2%)in the cystic wall, and prominent inflammation and epithelial separation were detected with high scoring of MMP14, which were(57.1%) and (56.3%) respectively.Conclusions: Both markers had independent combined roles in the cyst’s biological behavior, including the prevalent parallel direction of the collagen III, while overexpression of the MMP14 might have an impact role in the aggressive behavior of the lesion.
Comparative Study of Phraseological Units with The Component “White” In English, Russian, Uzbek Languages
Authors: Tokhirjon Makhmudjonovich Atakhojaev
Published: December 2023

This research presents associate degree analysis of phraseological units with the component of color “white” in English, Russian, Uzbek languages. The main target is characteristic features of lexical meanings of phraseological units with the color linguistics “white” in the languages compared.
GC-MS and HPLC Supported Phytochemical Analysis of Tridax
Authors: Gomathi Rajendran  , Usharani Boopathy  , Shobana Chandrasekar  , Rohini Durairaj
Published: December 2023

Background: Tridax procumbens (T. procumbens) Linn. is a daisy family commonly known as “Ghamra” or “Coat Buttons”, the native of this plant is tropical America, Asia, Australia and throughout India, it is also distributed in roadside, waste grounds, riverbanks mainly during rainy season. It has medicinal properties due to presence of some bioactive chemical constituents. Objectives: Phytochemical analysis of Tridax procumbens (T. procumbens) Linn leaves were carried out in different extraction. Methods: Qualitative, Quantitative, HPLC, GC- MS & UV-FTIR. Results: The phytochemical qualitative analysis of Tridax procumbens (T. procumbens) Linn was performed with various extraction. The hydro-ethanolic extract contains a high concentration of phytochemical constituents than ethanol, hexane, petroleum ether & aqueous extracts. The phytochemical constituents found were tannin, saponin, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, anthraquinone, polyphenol, glycoside, coumarins and emodin. The wide range of bioactive compounds were found to have antitoxicity, anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, antifouling, nematicide, antiarthritic, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, antihistaminic, anticoronary insectifuge, antieczemic, antiacne, anti-androgenic flavour, pesticide, lubricant, haemolytic 5-alphareductase inhibitor, antipsychotic, potent antibacterial agent, antimalarial activites. Conclusion: Hydro-ethanolic extract showed several phytochemical constituents and bioactive compounds which can be used for therapeutic purposes.
Linguistic Features of Studying The Theory of Deixis in Linguistics
Authors: Nilufar Ilkhamovna Nurmatova
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the problem of study of the theory of deixis in a literary text. Besides that it has its own linguistic characteristics due to the fact that the author uses various ways of indicating objects in the real world, which can be both concrete and abstract. The study of the theory of deixis in quotation of a literary text requires careful consideration of various contextual authorial and linguistic factors that influence the use and meaning of deictic expression in the literary text. The investigation employs a multidisciplinary approach, drawing on insights from linguistics, semiotics, and cognitive science to unravel the complexities of deixis. It investigates how deixis operates across different languages and cultures, shedding light on universal principles and language-specific variations. The study also explores the pragmatic functions of deixis in communication, elucidating how speakers utilize deictic expressions to convey reference, spatial relations, and temporal distinctions. Additionally, the research delves into the cognitive aspects of deixis, examining how individuals process and interpret deictic elements in real-time communication. It addresses the challenges posed by deixis in cross-cultural communication and explores strategies for resolving potential misunderstandings arising from contextual dependencies. The linguistic features under scrutiny include personal, spatial, and temporal deixis, as well as the distinctions between deixis in spoken and written discourse. The study incorporates both theoretical analyses and practical applications, offering valuable insights for linguists, language educators, and communication scholars.
2D Scaling in Cloud Computing
Authors: Aruna Mailavaram  , B.Padmaja Rani
Published: December 2023

Two-Dimensional scaling is increasing the resources of the cloud as per the requirements. In this paper we are discussing about the scaling in both vertical and horizontal as to fulfill the needs of the customers. Vertical scaling is increasing the specifications of existing infrastructure by adding or replacing CPU, HDD or other components, whereas horizontal scaling is adding new resources to the existing pool of resources. Increasing the resources in two-dimensional is known as Diagonal Scaling.
The Role of Occasional Combinations in The Expressive Syntax of Different Systematic Languages
Authors: Shaxlo Saydaliyevna Saliyeva
Published: December 2023

This article is devoted to the study of word-formation occasionalisms. This allows us to make a certain contribution to solving the problem of the writer’s idiostyle. The study of individual formations, in our opinion, will allow understanding more deeply and clearly what the power of what influence he had on the development of the language.The relevance of the topic is also explained by the need for further study of the language, taking into account individual originality and establishing the principles of word creation of the writer, the motives for creation of new words.
Theoretical Justification for The Development of a Methodology Aimed at Developing the Algorithmic Competence of Teachers in The Process of Differential Teaching in Mathematics
Authors: Akhmedova Nilufar Mamasidikovna
Published: December 2023

This article is devoted to research on the formation of algorithmic competence of teachers in the process of differential teaching in mathematics. The study is based on the theoretical views of outstanding scientists in the field of pedagogy. The key point in this article is the formation of algorithmic competence of students with the help of algorithmic thinking and with an algorithmic culture. As a result, organizational and pedagogical conditions for the formation of algorithmic competence of students of higher educational institutions have been developed.
Top 7 Listening Tactics for Effective Communication
Authors: Zilolakhon Abdulkhakim kizi Kadirova
Published: December 2023

Listening is an essential skill in effective communication. It involves more than just hearing words. It requires actively engaging with the speaker to understand their thoughts, emotions, and perspectives. By utilizing various listening tactics, individuals can enhance their communication skills, build stronger relationships, and foster a more profound understanding of others. In this article, we will explore the top seven listening tactics that can help improve communication and promote meaningful connections.
Winged Words in The Literary Speech
Authors: Usarova Nilufar Yakubovna
Published: December 2023

Great books іntroduce us to іdeas and to ways of lookіng at the world that are new to us. They provіde a refreshіng dіstance from the trends, fashіons, tastes, opіnіons, and polіtіcal correctness of our current culture. Great books іnvіte us to put asіde for a whіle our way of lookіng at the world and to enter someone else’s perspectіve—a perspectіve that іs much larger, deeper, and more thought out than our own.
Methods For Increasing English Vocabulary as ESL
Authors: Ziyoda Gulomovna Khatamova
Published: December 2023

Improving English vocabulary competency is critical for effective communication and academic achievement. This article presents a brief yet thorough summary of tried-and-true ways for increasing English vocabulary. The study investigates several ways, such as extensive reading, active listening, using word lists and flashcards, using mnemonic devices, practicing word association techniques, and using internet resources and language-learning applications. The essay emphasizes the impact of context in vocabulary learning as well as the need of frequent practice and tenacity in obtaining significant improvements. Learners may dramatically increase their vocabulary skills by applying these practical approaches, leading to better language competency and general communication abilities in English.
EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY FOR COVID-19
HOSPITAL TREATMENT DURING THE FIRST PANDEMIC WAVE
Authors: Gabbasova Natalia Vadimovna , Dzen Natalya Valerievna , Timashova Anna Andreevna
Published: December 2023

Currently, the tactics of treatment and prevention of coronavirus infection COVID - 19 are already regulated by the 17th temporary guidelines. In the first wave of the pandemic, there were no recommendations; symptomatic and antimicrobial therapy was basic. The purpose of this work is to evaluate antimicrobial therapy in hospitalized patients with coronavirus infection during the first wave of the pandemic, who had a concomitant pathology - diabetes mellitus. The material of the study was 112 epicrises of patients who were hospitalized in the department for the treatment of patients with a new coronavirus infection of the Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Microsoft Excel 2016 program, the chi-square test was used to determine the significance of differences, the differences were considered statistically significant at p0.05. Research results. All patients with COVID-19 received antimicrobials (antibiotics, antiparasitics, combinations thereof). Most often, antiparasitic drugs (75.0%), protected penicillins (62.5%) and cephalosporins (28.3%), macrolides (50.8%) were used in therapy. More commonly, a combination of 2 to 4 different groups of antimicrobials has been used. The structure of antibiotic therapy was assessed depending on some clinical and laboratory parameters.