bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Drivetrain Hybridization on Transmission Lifetime
Authors: Habermehl Christian , Jacobs Georg , Neumann Stephan , Weißenfels Kevin
Published: October 2020

Parallel hybrid drivetrains for passenger cars have additional electric drives compared to conventional drivetrains. In the event of vehicle deceleration, the electric drives are operated as generators, thus recovering kinetic energy through regeneration. If these drives are positioned upstream of the transmission input, regeneration power must be transferred by the transmission. This creates additional loads on the individual machine elements, which has a negative effect on the transmission lifetime. This paper investigates the influence of hybridization in terms of regeneration on the lifetime of bearings as highly critical elements in a dual clutch transmission. The vehicle simulation model employed in this study consists of an internal combustion engine, an electric motor, a mechanical drivetrain and the vehicle body, as well as a driver and a simple operating strategy. In this model, a detailed transmission model including its controls is embedded to determine its component loads. The resulting load spectra are used in a methodical approach to calculate the bearing lifetime of the transmission. The results show that the additional regenerative power flow reduces the bearing lifetime so that additional loads must be taken into account in the development and operation of transmission systems.
A Single Motor-Driven Focusing Mechanism with Flexure Hinges for Small Satellite Optical Systems
Authors: Jung Jinwon , Sy Nguyen Van , Lee Dongkyu , Joe Seonggun , Hwang Jaihyuk , Kim Byungkyu
Published: October 2020

For earth observation, the optical systems in small satellites are crucial to obtain high- resolution images. However, the alignment between a primary and a secondary mirror in an optical system can be disturbed due to the harsh environments inside vehicles or space (i.e., vibrations, shock loading during launch, dramatic temperature changes, or high vacuum pressure in space). To compensate for such undesired deformations, a focusing mechanism should be embedded into the optical system. In this paper, we propose a novel Single Motor-Driven Focusing mechanism with Flexure Hinges (SMFH), allowing the Flexure Hinge (FlexHe) to displace in the longitudinal direction. The presented FlexHe incorporates radial zig-zag-patterned slits to achieve flexibility, and preloading of the hinge structures to reduce the resulting hysteresis. To investigate an optimal configuration of FlexHe, a numerical simulation is performed by means of ANSYS 19.2. The variation of Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), corresponding to an image resolution, is evaluated by using an optics simulation program (CODE-V). The experimental setups are built by exploiting the fabricated SMFH and five LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) sensors with a high resolution of 0.031 µm. As a result, hysteresis can be reduced up to 6.52% with a pre-stretched length of 3 µm. The proposed SMFH allows not only the De-space to displace up to 23.93 µm, but also the De-center and the Tilt to achieve the desired displacements of 5.20 µm and 88.45 µrad, respectively. Conclusively, the SMFH shows promising characteristics to embed a feedback control, due to its high resolution (up to 0.1 µm) for De-space with the MTF of 37%.
Functional and Technological Potential of Whey Protein Isolate in Production of Milk Beverages Fermented by New Strains of Lactobacillus helveticus
Authors: Skrzypczak Katarzyna , Gustaw Waldemar , Fornal Emilia , Kononiuk Anna , Michalak-Majewska Monika , Radzki Wojciech , Waśko Adam
Published: October 2020

With their desired functional and technological properties, whey protein preparations are used in the food industry. In turn, lactic acid fermentation may contribute to release of a wide range of biologically active peptides (BAPs) (known also as bioactive peptides or biopeptides) from whey and milk proteins, which are perceived as potential therapeutic tools and important constituents of personalized food suitable for prevention of many civilization and diet-related diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the suitability of new Lb. helveticus strains for production of fermented milk beverages (drinking type) supplemented with whey protein isolate (WPI). Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was employed to assess if WPI (water solution) might be a suitable precursor for BAPs produced by selected strains of Lb. helveticus. In order to identify the bioactivities of the peptides generated in WPI hydrolysates, the procedures indicated in databases were used. The fermented products differed from each other in some texture parameters, the content of protein, total nitrogen, and non-protein nitrogen, and the proteolysis index, which was dependent on the strain. Strain B734 was found to exhibit technological potential for development of new health-oriented fermented milk beverages with characteristics of functional food. Additionally, it proved to be able to release a wide range of BAPs from WPI with antioxidative, antibacterial, and immuno- and cyto-modulatory effects, as well as ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitory and antihypertensive activities.
FTn Finite Volume Analysis of Ultrafast Laser Radiation Transport through Human Skin Cancer
Authors: Guedri Kamel , Abosuliman Shougi Suliman , Oreijah Mowffaq
Published: October 2020

In this work, we develop a numerical tool for the early detection of skin cancer using a 3D numerical transient radiative heat transfer study of ultrafast-laser transport through normal and malignant human skins. The curved-line advection method (CLAM) spatial scheme and the FTn angular scheme of the finite volume method (FVM) are investigated to analyze the above-cited physical phenomena. Both Fresnel specular and diffuse boundary conditions are analyzed. Human skin is considered based on optical properties available from other sources. The temporal radiative signals of skin with malignancies were compared to those of normal skin. Malignancies in the basal layer and epidermis were simulated. Further, the effects of laser light wavelength and the volume of the cancerous region and its scattering coefficient on these signals were studied. The results show that (1) the effect of the Fresnel boundary in the modeling was pronounced; (2) the peak magnitude for human skin with the cutaneous melanoma (CM) had the maximum value in comparison with those obtained for the two other malignancies; and (3) when cancer fully affected the living epidermis with any of these malignancies, the reflectance was more than its predicted value when affected by the basal only.
Digital Models for the Analysis of Little’s Irregularity Index in Subjects with a Different Degree of Crowding: A Reproducibility Study
Authors: Palazzo Giuseppe , Ronsivalle Vincenzo , Rustico Lorenzo , Martina Stefano , Fichera Grazia , Campagna Paola , Nucera Riccardo
Published: October 2020

Background: To investigate the accuracy and reproducibility of digital measurements of Little’s Irregularity Index and to evaluate if different degrees of dental crowding could influence these measurements. Methods: The study included 40 dental models and 5 sub-groups were created according to the severity of the crowding. In both the digital models and the study cast, Little’s Irregularity Index was recorded by measuring (1) the mesiodistal width of each tooth and (2) the arch lengths in both the maxillary and mandibular jaw. Two operators performed measurements on plaster and digital models using, respectively, a digital caliper and OrthoAnalyzerTM 3D software (3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark). Statistical analysis was performed to assess intra- and inter-operator variability, the accuracy between manual and digital measurements and if the amount of crowding could affect the accuracy of the digital measurements. Results: Concerning intra-examiner reliability, no statistically significant differences were detected (p > 0.05). In the maxillary and mandibular arch, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value was 0.996 and 0.997 for the analogic measurements and 0.998 and 0.978 for the digital measurements. For the maxillary arch, the mean difference between the analogic and digital Little’s Irregularity Index (LII) measurements was 0.43 mm while for the mandibular arch the mean difference was 0.24 mm, showing some overestimation of the digital measurements (p < 0.05). No differences were found according to crowding subgroups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Digital measurements of LII could be considered as a valid substitute of the gold standard analogical measurement.
Hybrid Set Covering and Dynamic Modular Covering Location Problem: Application to an Emergency Humanitarian Logistics Problem
Authors: Alizadeh Roghayyeh , Nishi Tatsushi
Published: October 2020

This paper presents an extension of the covering location problem as a hybrid covering model that utilizes the set covering and maximal covering location problems. The developed model is a multi-period model that considers strategic and tactical planning decisions. Hybrid covering location problem (HCLP) determines the location of the capacitated facilities by using dynamic set covering location problem as strategic decisions and assigns the constructive units of facilities and allocates the demand points by using dynamic modular capacitated maximal covering location problem as tactical decisions. One of the applications of the proposed model is locating first aid centers in humanitarian logistic services that have been addressed by studying a threat case study in Japan. In addition to validating the developed model, it has been compared to other possible combined problems, and several randomly generated examples have been solved. The results of the case study and model validation tests approve that the main hybrid developed model (HCLP) is capable of providing better coverage percentage compared to conventional covering models and other hybrid variants.
Quantum Approximation for Wireless Scheduling
Authors: Choi Jaeho , Oh Seunghyeok , Kim Joongheon
Published: October 2020

This paper proposes an application algorithm based on a quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) for wireless scheduling problems. QAOA is one of the promising hybrid quantum-classical algorithms to solve combinatorial optimization problems and it provides great approximate solutions to non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP) hard problems. QAOA maps the given problem into Hilbert space, and then it generates the Hamiltonian for the given objective and constraint. Then, QAOA finds proper parameters from the classical optimization loop in order to optimize the expectation value of the generated Hamiltonian. Based on the parameters, the optimal solution to the given problem can be obtained from the optimum of the expectation value of the Hamiltonian. Inspired by QAOA, a quantum approximate optimization for scheduling (QAOS) algorithm is proposed. The proposed QAOS designs the Hamiltonian of the wireless scheduling problem which is formulated by the maximum weight independent set (MWIS). The designed Hamiltonian is converted into a unitary operator and implemented as a quantum gate operation. After that, the iterative QAOS sequence solves the wireless scheduling problem. The novelty of QAOS is verified with simulation results implemented via Cirq and TensorFlow-Quantum.
Line of Sight and Image Motion Compensation for Step and Stare Imaging System
Authors: Xiu Jihong , Huang Pu , Li Jun , Zhang Hongwen , Li Youyi
Published: October 2020

In recent years, applications such as marine search and rescue, border patrol, etc. require electro-optical equipment to have both high resolution and precise geographic positioning abilities. The step and stare working based on a composite control system is a preferred solution. This paper proposed a step and stare system composed of two single-axis fast steering mirrors and a two-axis gimbal. The fast steering mirrors (FSMs) realize image motion compensation and the gimbal completes pointing control. The working principle and the working mode of the system are described first. According to the imaging optical path, the algorithm and control flow of the line of sight (LOS) and image motion compensation are developed. The proposed method is verified through ground imaging and flight tests. Under the condition of flight, the pointing accuracy of the target can be controlled within 15 m. The proposed algorithm can achieve effective motion compensation and get high-resolution images. This achieves high resolution and accurate LOS simultaneously.
Seasonal Variation in the Chemical Composition and Oxidative Potential of PM2.5
Authors: Vinson Alex , Sidwell Allie , Black Oscar , Roper Courtney
Published: October 2020

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has well-established systemic human health effects due in part to the chemical components associated with these exposures. Oxidative stress is a hypothesized mechanism for the health effects associated with PM2.5 exposures. The oxidative potential of PM2.5 has recently been suggested as a metric that is more indicative of human health effects than the routinely measured PM2.5 concentration. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the oxidative potential and elemental composition of PM2.5 collected at two locations during different seasons. PM2.5 was collected onto PTFE-coated filters (n = 16) along two highways in central Oregon, USA in the Winter (January) and Summer (July/August). PM2.5 was extracted from each filter via sonication in methanol. An aliquot of the extraction solution was used to measure oxidative potential using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. An additional aliquot underwent analysis via inductively coupled plasma—mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to quantify elements (n = 20). Differences in PM2.5 elemental composition were observed between locations and seasons as well as between days in the same season. Overall, concentrations were highest in the winter samples but the contribution to total PM2.5 mass was higher for elements in the summer. Notably, the oxidative potential (nM DTT consumed/µg PM2.5/min) differed between seasons with summer samples having nearly a two-fold increase when compared to the winter. Significant negative correlations that were observed between DTT consumption and several elements as well as with PM2.5 mass but these findings were dependent on if the data was normalized by PM2.5 mass. This research adds to the growing evidence and justification for investigating the oxidative potential and composition of PM2.5 while also highlighting the seasonal variability of these factors.
First Spaceborne Version of Velocity-Azimuth Display Technique for Wind Field Retrieval on Cloud and Precipitation Radar
Authors: Wang Yuexia , Wei Ming , Shi Quan
Published: October 2020

Cloud and precipitation radar mounted on a polar orbiting satellite opens up a new opportunity for global wind observation to improve numerical weather forecasting and prevent weather disasters. However, no related works have been done to retrieve the wind field for spaceborne cloud and precipitation radar. This is mainly because the high-speed motion of satellites makes wind field retrieval complex. This paper developed the first spaceborne version of the velocity–azimuth display (VAD) technique for wind field retrieval, which was originally created for ground-based radar. After derivation of VAD for spaceborne radar, we found that the product of the azimuth of the radar beam and its first harmonic was introduced into the Fourier series of radar radial velocity due to the motion of the satellites. The wind retrieval equations were developed by considering the effects of satellite motion and conical scanning strategy of radar. Numerical simulations of the spaceborne radar showed that the proposed VAD method provided a mean vertical profile of the horizontal wind with high vertical resolution over a large observation swath. Validations on airborne radar data with the same conical scan strategy as the spaceborne radar were carried out to capture the average wind structure in one hurricane event. The real data results demonstrated that the wind-retrieved results by the proposed method were consistent with the ground truth data, indicating the potential use of our proposal for spaceborne radar.
Quantification of Atmospheric Ammonia Concentrations: A Review of Its Measurement and Modeling
Authors: Nair Arshad Arjunan , Yu Fangqun
Published: October 2020

Ammonia (NH3), the most prevalent alkaline gas in the atmosphere, plays a significant role in PM2.5 formation, atmospheric chemistry, and new particle formation. This paper reviews quantification of [NH3] through measurements, satellite-remote-sensing, and modeling reported in over 500 publications towards synthesizing the current knowledge of [NH3], focusing on spatiotemporal variations, controlling processes, and quantification issues. Most measurements are through regional passive sampler networks. [NH3] hotspots are typically over agricultural regions, such as the Midwest US and the North China Plain, with elevated concentrations reaching monthly averages of 20 and 74 ppbv, respectively. Topographical effects dramatically increase [NH3] over the Indo-Gangetic Plains, North India and San Joaquin Valley, US. Measurements are sparse over oceans, where [NH3] ≈ a few tens of pptv, variations of which can affect aerosol formation. Satellite remote-sensing (AIRS, CrIS, IASI, TANSO-FTS, TES) provides global [NH3] quantification in the column and at the surface since 2002. Modeling is crucial for improving understanding of NH3 chemistry and transport, its spatiotemporal variations, source apportionment, exploring physicochemical mechanisms, and predicting future scenarios. GEOS-Chem (global) and FRAME (UK) models are commonly applied for this. A synergistic approach of measurements↔satellite-inference↔modeling is needed towards improved understanding of atmospheric ammonia, which is of concern from the standpoint of human health and the ecosystem.
1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivative Attenuates Chronic Constriction Injury Induced Neuropathic Pain: A Computational, Behavioral, and Molecular Approach
Authors: Faheem Muhammad , Ali Syed Hussain , Khan Abdul Waheed , Alam Mahboob , Ilyas Umair , Zahoor Muhammad , Sahibzada Muhammad Umar Khayam , Khalid Sidra , Ullah Riaz , Alqahtani Ali S. , Alqahtani Abdulaziz M.
Published: October 2020

The production and up-regulation of inflammatory mediators are contributing factors for the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. In the present study, the post-treatment of synthetic 1,3,4 oxadiazole derivative (B3) for its neuroprotective potential in chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain was applied. In-silico studies were carried out through Auto Dock, PyRx, and DSV to obtain the possible binding and interactions of the ligands (B3) with COX-2, IL-6, and iNOS. The sciatic nerve of the anesthetized rat was constricted with sutures 3/0. Treatment with 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative was started a day after surgery and continued until the 14th day. All behavioral studies were executed on day 0, 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 14th. The sciatic nerve and spinal cord were collected for further molecular analysis. The interactions in the form of hydrogen bonding stabilizes the ligand target complex. B3 showed three hydrogen bonds with IL-6. B3, in addition to correcting paw posture/deformation induced by CCI, attenuates hyperalgesia (p < 0.001) and allodynia (p < 0.001). B3 significantly raised the level of GST and GSH in both the sciatic nerve and spinal cord and reduced the LPO and iNOS (p < 0.001). B3 attenuates the pathological changes induced by nerve injury, which was confirmed by H&E staining and IHC examination. B3 down-regulates the over-expression of the inflammatory mediator IL-6 and hence provides neuroprotective effects in CCI-induced pain. The results demonstrate that B3 possess anti-nociceptive and anti-hyperalgesic effects and thus minimizes pain perception and inflammation. The possible underlying mechanism for the neuroprotective effect of B3 probably may be mediated through IL-6.
Determination of the Simplified Daylight Glare Probability (DGPs) Criteria for Daylit Office Spaces in Thailand
Authors: Chaloeytoy Kittiwoot , Ichinose Masayuki , Chien Szu-Cheng
Published: October 2020

The increasing trend of employing glazed façades to utilize daylight in the buildings has made it necessary to develop measures to avoid excessive sunlight penetration in such daylit spaces. In Thailand, only a few studies have focused on daylight glare, and therefore, applicable criteria are required to fulfill the local preference. This study aimed to determine daylight glare thresholds on the basis of the occupants’ responses. A post-occupancy evaluation with a simplified daylight glare probability (DGPs) model was performed in eight open-plan office spaces located in Bangkok, Thailand. The occupants participated in a survey including a subjective questionnaire; the results showed that the DGPs model performed effectively for glare prediction, with a preference for a lower level than that found in the current references. Statistical analysis helped mark the threshold values for each glare sensation level: imperceptible–perceptible = 0.22; perceptible–disturbing = 0.24; and disturbing–intolerable = 0.26. The findings of this study can be considered as initial evidence for improving the understanding of local occupants’ perspectives and illumination standards, which currently encourage daylight utilization without any specific glare control strategies.
Field Measurements of Soil Water Content at Shallow Depths for Landslide Monitoring
Authors: Bovolenta Rossella , Iacopino Alessandro , Passalacqua Roberto , Federici Bianca
Published: October 2020

Monitoring changes in soil saturation is important for slope stability analyses. Soil moisture capacitive sensors have recently been developed; their response time is extremely fast, they require little maintenance, and they are relatively inexpensive. The use of low-cost sensors in landslide areas can allow the monitoring of large territories, but appropriate calibration is required. Installation in the field and the setting up of the monitoring network also require attention. In the ALCOTRA AD-VITAM project, the University of Genoa is involved in the development of a system, called LAMP, for the monitoring, analysis and forecasting of slides triggered by rainfalls. Multiple installations (along vertical alignments) of WaterScout sensors are placed in the nodes of the monitoring network. They provide real-time water content profiles in the shallow layers (typically in the upper meter) of a slope. With particular reference to these measurements, the present paper describes the reliability analysis of the instruments, the operations related to the sensor calibration and the installation phases for the monitoring networks. Finally, some of the data coming from a node, belonging to one of the five monitoring networks, are reported.
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Stimulasi Toilet Training pada Anak Usia Toddler (1-3 Tahun) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Rasimah Ahmad Kota Bukittinggi
Authors: Morita Kriscillia Molly , Merianti Liza , Marisa Oma
Published: October 2020

Toilet training trains children to control their bowel and bladder. However, many mothers do not carry out toilet training stimulation for toddlers because they do not know the benefits are very great in growing children's independence. Toilet training teaches children to clean their own feces and reuse their pants. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors associated with toilet training stimulation in toddler age children in the Rasimah Ahmad Community Health Center in Bukittinggi in 2019, the factors studied were mother's knowledge, education mother and family support with toilet training stimulation in toddler age children. The research design was descriptive analytic using a cross sectional approach with a sample of 139 mothers, data processing was performed using the Chi-Square test. This study proves that there is a significant relationship between knowledge, education and family support with toilet training stimulation in toddler age children with a PV of 0.001. It is expected that Pukesmas officers and holders of maternal and child health programs will incorporate toilet training into the health education program at the posyandu.
Shoah versus Nakba: Algunos nuevos anticuados paradigmas teológicos
Authors: Guillaume Philippe
Published: October 2020

Los paradigmas teológicos post-Shoah, propuestos por Marvin Sweeney y Gershom Ratheiser, son demasiado similares a los viejos paradigmas que ellos, con justa razón, denuncian como para ofrecer algún tipo de desarrollo significativo. Estos paradigmas, meramente, justifican el presente status quo en Israel/Palestina.
THE MARKET POTENTIAL OF INNOVATIVE FOREST PRODUCTS
Authors: Yakovleva E. , Subkhonberdiev Alisher
Published: October 2020

The article summarizes the data on the competitive advantages of innovative forest products in Russia and abroad. It is noted that the Russian market is not completely ready for innovative products that have been intensively developed recently. To ensure universal promotion of new products, it is necessary to use a system of product standardization, improve staff skills, and increase consumer literacy. The problem is that many innovative products are developed abroad and enter the Russian market as a result of foreign investment in the Russian timber industry. The production of composite structural wood materials is due to the fact that in some regions of the world there is a large proportion of low-quality wood raw materials, which cannot be used in industry in the form of balances, technological raw materials and firewood. Innovative technologies make it possible to obtain construction and structural materials from low-quality wood raw materials, in which there are no shortcomings of solid wood. New structural wood materials fill specific market niches, leading to deeper market differentiation. The price factor largely determines the demand for innovative products in the domestic market, otherwise, excess volumes of products are exported to foreign markets.
IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES OF WORK OF CHAINSAWS ON UNSAFE FELLING OF THE FOREST
Authors: Abramov Vitaliy , Troyanov Igor' , Bukhtoyarov Leonid
Published: October 2020

The article presents a new comprehensive three-level concept for evaluating design decisions for performing processing operations on incomplete logging, which is distinguished by the ability to simultaneously predict energy costs, technical and economic results, and forestry and environmental consequences for the forest environment. To implement this concept, a structure of a three-level automated system for increasing the efficiency of working with chainsaws on incomplete cutting was proposed by substantiating the optimal technology and organization of work, a set of gasoline-powered tools, a method and parameters for developing apiaries. At the first level, to substantiate the optimal set of gasoline-powered tools, a mathematical model of the process of performing butt cuts for the determination of specific energy costs is proposed. At the second level, to substantiate the optimal technology and labor organization, simulation models of the process of performing processing operations to determine the specific reduced energy costs are proposed. At the third level, in order to justify the optimal method and parameters for apiary development, a generalized criterion is used to assess the efficiency of processing operations taking into account direct production costs, forestry damage, as well as damage to the undergrowth. For each indicated level of tasks to be solved, a mathematical apparatus, information and software recommended for use at logging enterprises was developed. Currently, it has been successfully implemented in the Moscow and Tambov regions. According to the results of the implementation, there is a decrease in the performance of processing operations: specific and specific reduced energy costs (from 4 to 9%); total direct costs (from 3 to 7%); as well as forestry and environmental damage (from 5 to 11%).
COLOR RANGE OF WOOD AND HUMAN PRODUCTS
Authors: Storodubtseva Tamara , Andreyscheva I. , Shatalova A.
Published: October 2020

The article considers the psycho-emotional state of a person, which depends on the surrounding furniture, in this case, on its color scheme. Wood surrounds us everywhere and always, how does it affect us? Which wood is better in structure, in ease of production? What are the qualities of wood? And the main question is, what effect does wood furniture of different species have on us and how does it affect our health? We tried to find out these questions in our article. For the manufacture of furniture, it is necessary to use wood of a thin structure, which can be subjected to processing and apply a beautiful finish. Oak wood is suitable for the manufacture of bent furniture. It has large vessels and is well bent due to large vessels, while the wood fibers are not destroyed. At the end of the first year, students of the Forestry Faculty with a profile in furniture design and woodworking technology undergo practical training in the Vosmodrev workshop, gaining maximum knowledge about wood as a material for the manufacture of various types of products, processing and processing - production technologies. A very important factor is the color scheme, which is selected by the creators of the latest examples of the furniture industry for the emotional state of a person. It is important to consider which color causes which emotion - positive or negative.
THE PROBLEM OF OPTIMIZATION OF THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF WOOD COMPOSITION MATERIAL FOR TRANSPORT CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS
Authors: Storodubtseva Tamara , Bondarev B. , Chernikov Eduard
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the problem of finding the necessary properties of a polymer composite material for the production of sleepers, which is solved by an experimental statistical method. Solving this problem of multiple-criteria optimization, the necessary values of the mass coefficient and the bend of the railway sleeper were determined in natural and coded scales, respectively. The obtained properties of the material for a polymer composite sleeper are selected by reducing the parameters to the minimum permissible values that characterize the stress-strain state of the structure. Optimising the task of finding optimal properties of a sleeper structure made of composite material using this method, we obtain properties of the sleeper that can vary. The response of functions that depend on variable factors is presented in the form of second-order polynomial models in which the coefficients were determined by experiment planning methods. The bending coefficient is necessary to determine the elastic modulus of a polymer-composite sleeper in the longitudinal direction. The mass value is determined from the operating conditions in the railway track block and is 145-154 kg, the value of the elastic modulus in the longitudinal direction is 6200-7600 MPa, and in the transverse direction-not less than 1000 MPa.
FEATURES OF THE SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT OF CONIFEROUS INTRODUCENTS IN THE ARBORETUM OF VSUFT OF VORONEZH
Authors: Chekmeneva Yuliya , Dorofeeva Valentina , Zamnusskaya E. , Vasil'eva N.
Published: October 2020

The state and seasonal development of coniferous introducers in the arboretum of VGLTU was studied. Increased anthropogenic pressure on the territory of the arboretum, changes the age state of the collection, outbreaks of activity of diseases and pests of woody plants occur. In this regard, it is important to monitor the state of the plants of the collection, which includes measuring the morphometric parameters of plants, establishing the level of variation of characters, studying the seasonal growth and development of introducents. Differences in the occurrence of phenophases in different species are associated with biological characteristics and weather conditions of the year of observation. For forest-steppe zone Picea glehnii (Fr. Schmidt) Mast. begins and ends the growing season later compared to Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel. and Abies holophylla Maxim. Seasonal shoot growth is consistent with breed biology. The regularities of individual phenotypic variability of the vegetative sphere are revealed. The most stable is the variation of characters in Picea glehnii (Fr. Schmidt) Mast. (C.V. = 6.5 - 22%). The variability of characters in Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel. from medium to high level (C.V. = 14.6-21%). At an average - high level, the parameters of Abies holophylla Maxim change. (C.V. = 14-36%). Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel. and Abies holophylla Maxim. are more sensitive to environmental factors in the conditions of the arboretum, this is manifested in an increase in the variation of the signs of the vegetative sphere.
AUTOMATIC CONTROL STRUCTURE FOR FORESTRY MATERIALS
Authors: Polyakov Sergey , Enin P. , Parfenov A.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses a method of extreme control of the driving effects of the microclimate, which consists in keeping the objective function at the point of extremum for the control system. To solve the problem of extreme management, it is necessary to introduce computerization of the control and development of forest planting material. This will allow you to collect statistical information for the entire time of observation of plant growth. The primary task here is the analysis of observations and the possibility of generating regulatory influences from the microprocessor control system of the microclimate of the greenhouse. From literature sources, the stages of development of forest seedlings are known, for which data on the natural growth of seedlings and seedlings based on processing of statistical material are obtained. To date, recent studies show that there are no necessary mathematical models, both in growth and in the development of planting material under changing conditions and the nature of growth, and in time periods. Thus, objects of sheltered soil can be attributed from the point of view of the object of control and regulation to systems with variable parameters. That is, they can be characterized as unknown mathematical models.
JUSTIFICATION OF CHANGE OF REQUIREMENTS TO NUMBER OF INDICATORS IN SOME STANDARDS ON WOOD PROCESSING
Authors: Razinkov Egor , Ishchenko Tatyana
Published: October 2020

For production of case furniture wood-shaving plates (DSTP) and medium-density fiber boards - plates of the PMV wood monostructural fibrous brand (plate MDF) are widely used. And, both faces, and edges of plates come to production of furniture the revetted thermosetting polymeric films, sliced veneer or other cladding materials, for example paper-based laminated plastic (BSP).

One of the main defects of such plates is the insufficient durability of their outside or surface layers of face that is one of shortcomings of plates as leads to flaking of cladding material. And, when flaking the facing layer entrains part of surface layer of plate. Indicator of durability of skin of plates is the specific resistance to normal separation of layer at depth of 0,3 - 0,7 mm from plate surface which is defined in accordance with GOST 23234-2009 [1].

However, as have shown results of our researches, in a number of standards on wood processing it is necessary to make changes in part of test method of plates on the specific resistance to normal separation of layer of skin not at depth of 0,3 - 0,7 mm (as in accordance with GOST 23234-2009), and surface layer. In this regard it is necessary to make changes to state standard specifications 10632-2014 [2] and 32274-2013 [3] on required values of specific resistance to normal separation of surface layer, but not layer at depth of 0,3 - 0,7 mm from plate surface.
MODIFICATION OF LOW-VALUE WOOD SPECIES IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE INDICATOR PRODUCTS
Authors: Medvedev Ilya , Parinov Dmitriy , Shamaev Vladimir
Published: October 2020

wood modification is a process of improving the physical and mechanical properties of low-value of the tree species, such as birch, aspen, poplar, etc. currently, this direction is very promising in wood processing. The main technological methods for modifying of low-value of the tree species include impregnation, pressing and drying, including an additional operation-heat treatment. In addition, the wood can be treated with magnetic or ultrasonic fields.

By means of impregnation, substances are introduced into the wood that increase its plasticity, hydrophobicity, bio-fire resistance and formostability.

As a result of pressing, the volume of wood is reduced and its density and strength are increased, hence the performance characteristics are increased.

Heat treatment of wood contributes to a significant increase in its hydrophobicity, bio-resistance and form stability.

A pilot industrial drying and pressing unit СПК-5M has been developed that allows to implement three technological methods (drying, impregnation, pressing) in one cycle. The product obtained at the installation is sleepers and power line supports that have high performance indicators compared to those traditionally used. The developed technology solves two problems:

1) the problem is solved with the use of low-value tree species (birch, aspen, poplar) rotting in cutting areas and lower warehouses in logging enterprises;

2) the problem of short service life of wooden sleepers and power transmission poles.

The projected service life of the resulting products will be 30-50 years.
MULTI-AGENT APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE PROCESS OF THE DISTRIBUTED FURNITURE DESIGN
Authors: Starikov Aleksandr , Meshkov Dmitriy
Published: October 2020

Custom-made industrial production of cabinet furniture, focused on the needs of end-user of furniture products, imposes a number of stringent requirements on the process of designing new products. As a basic condition ensuring the fulfillment of these requirements, a modern concept of a virtual furniture design bureau (VFDB) is proposed, within which the distributed (combined) design of furniture products and ensembles is implemented. For effective development of distributed projects in a multi-agent environment of VFDB, it is necessary to use a management system that ensures coordination of the work of project participants, monitoring the current state of the project, notifying project participants about various situations in project work, etc. A feature of this control system is its invariance, i.e. independence from the design tools used in the work on the project, as well as the possibility of its dynamic adjustment to the specific structure of the design process. It is proposed to use a serial-parallel pipeline of the design as a conceptual model of the distributed design process.
GEOCRIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE BULK OF AUTOMOBILE ROAD USING VOLUME GEOROGETS
Authors: Goptarev Sergey , Manukovskiy Andrey , Vostrikov Dmitriy
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the technological processes of the use of geogrids in the construction and repair of subgrade in areas with low air temperatures. The calculation of the overall stability of slopes or slopes closed by geogrids as applied to areas where erosion processes are widely developed is given. Accounting processes are usually carried out in the framework of work on individual design, with scientific support. Some general recommendations on the design of structures from geogrids and calculations of their interaction with disconnected soils during cryogenic processes are described. Thermal erosion processes most dynamically develop in the northern part of Western Siberia. Especially active is thermoerosion associated with the activities of temporary streams. On the territory of the Ural Federal District, during the construction, maintenance and repair of roads in a number of sections, slopes and embankment slope surfaces are strengthened to protect against erosion and thermoerosion processes using Geoveb technology with volumetric geogrids.
THE IMPORTANCE OF «HUMAN CAPITAL» AND «KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY» IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FORESTRY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Suhorukih A.
Published: October 2020

The article actualizes the importance of the concepts «human capital» and «knowledge society» in the situation of innovative development of the most important social spheres: education, culture, economy. The article reveals the essence and theoretical justification of the concept of «human capital» in the interpretation of foreign (T. Schultz, G. Becker, M. Friedman, M. Foucault, P. Bourdieu, J. Passeron) and domestic (R. I. Kapelyushnikov, Y. A. Korchagin, V. V. Radaev, N. M. Rimashevskaya) researchers. We trace the growth factor of «human capital» as a key strategic resource in the dynamics of sociogenesis and conceptual content of the phenomenon of «knowledge society», which is more or less correlated in the meaning of the concept of «information society». The fundamental importance of the humanistic orientation of knowledge in the modern socio-cultural and educational space, as well as the ethical and epistemological vector of the communicative and information model of socialization, explicating universal values, is indicated. It is emphasized that information processes in the early ХХI century are a very important vector of development of modern civilization, and this circumstance determines the global trends in education. However, no less important to base educational strategies for the future the primary factor remains the philosophy of man, the strategy of accumulating Humanities and humanistic national resource and human capital, projected for Russia and for civilization in General absolute meanings and core values of its existence.
TOOL OF ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY OF FOREST COMPLEX ORGANIZATIONS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FEDERAL PROJECT «FOREST CONSERVATION»
Authors: Morkovina Svetlana , Rafailov M.
Published: October 2020

The article assesses the state of forest reproduction processes in Russia. Information is provided on the state of the forest infrastructure providing for the cultivation of forest seedlings. It is shown that the mechanism for the development of forestry should be based on the supporting reforestation infrastructure, taking into account a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the operation of infrastructure facilities, the use of which helps to solve the problem of stabilizing activities in the system of the entire forest complex of the Russian Federation.

The analysis of the implementation of the federal project “Forest Conservation” is carried out and the necessity of using new tools for its implementation at the level of regional forest management systems is substantiated.

The need for improving the quality and effectiveness of reforestation work carried out by lessees of forest areas is noted. In a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the prerequisites for the formation of forest breeding and seed centers within the infrastructure of the forest complex have been formed, the knowledge of which allows filling the theory of strategic innovative development of forestry as a whole and reforestation in its composition with new content.

It is scientifically substantiated that the successful implementation of a federal project is not possible without the use of tools of economic sustainability of organizations, an integral part of which is the model for achieving key indicators. A model of the functioning of the results and the achievement of indicators of the federal project is proposed.
INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FOREST SECTOR: THE CASE OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY
Authors: Stepanova Yu.
Published: October 2020

The Russian forest sector is now undergoing global changes related to the development of digitalization and innovation. Raising the innovation level is a strategically important task for the country. It depends on the conditions created for the development of intellectual resources. Forest is a natural capital, partially forming the country's national wealth. Russia occupies leading positions in the world forest yield. Attraction of innovation to the forest sector is the urgent task. For a long time, forest sector was unattractive for businesses and investors due to the long cultivation cycle, natural risks and large fire losses. Here innovations should come to rescue. They enable to automate biological processes and gain progress in productivity growth. Innovations should not be borrowed technologies, but created using our own resources. Today, scientists from Germany, Italy, and Costa Rica are looking for different approaches increasing forestry innovative potential. We propose to use knowledge for innovative development of the forest sector: there is a direct relationship between the levels of innovative activity and education. The aim of this article is to create instruments for the forestry innovative development, based on the knowledge economy, leading to the innovation formation.
NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR PRESOWING TREATMENT AND SEEDING OF COMMON PINE SEEDS IN THE NURSERY
Authors: Golev Aleksandr , Ivannikov Valeriy , Bukhtoyarov Vladimir
Published: October 2020

When reforestation is cut down for various needs of our country coniferous forests significantly reduced their quality, mainly due to the fact that they are poorly renewed. One of the reasons for this is the low quality of seed material, harvested usually not from the testes and plus trees, but from trees with low genetic characteristics of trees.

In the resulting seed mix to contain different fractions of seeds differing in seed quality. When sowing such heterogeneous seeds in a forest nursery at the end of the growing season, a significant part of the grown seedlings (up to 30 %) goes to marriage, because they do not meet the requirements of the standard. This is because, contained in the total mass of small seeds do not have the growth potential that large, and when they grow together, seedlings grown from small seeds do not meet the requirements of the standard, because in the process of growth and development are oppressed by larger seedlings.

The new technology for sizing pine seeds allows you to completely separate the fractions of small seeds.

Sowing small seeds separately from large ones at the optimal depth of planting, you can create conditions for their effective growth and development, as well as provide additional planting material that meets the requirements of the standard.
RESEARCH OF DYNAMIC STABILITY OF THE MACHINE-TRACTOR UNIT ON THE VIRTUAL STAND
Authors: Lysych Mikhail
Published: October 2020

The questions of studying the dynamic stability of machine-tractor unit by the methods of multi-body dynamics (MBD) are considered. The study used a virtual stand created in CAD SolidWorks and CAE application SolidWorks Motion. It simulated the movement of the machine-tractor unit on the basis of the MTZ-82.1 tractor equipped with mounted modular implements. The motion surface has four different types of obstacles located in series in separate sections. To analyze the stages of the machine-tractor unit movement, we used the parameter of the lift height of the geometric center of each of the wheels above the supporting surface and the fact of the unit rollover. He showed that overcoming a single linear, single sequential and group linear obstacles at a speed of 3.22 m/s occurs without loss of stability. Only when overcoming a group sequential obstacle, significant fluctuations in the tractor frame are observed, however, due to the balancing suspension of the front wheels, they do not always lead to the rollover of the unit. In the future, using the developed virtual stand, it is possible to conduct studies of the dynamic stability of various configurations of the machine-tractor unit. In addition to the MTZ 82.1 tractor, models of other tractors can be used. It is also possible to change the geometry of obstacles, the angles of inclination of the supporting surface, speed mode, contact parameters, etc.