bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traditional gastronomy products: Usage and significance in tourism and hospitality of southern Bačka (AP Vojvodina)
Authors: Ivanovića Velibor , Kalenjuk-Pivarskia Bojana , Šmugovića Stefan
Published: December 2022

Traditional products have become an important part of touristic offer and a significant component on the menu of many catering establishments. Importing traditional products in their offer, catering establishments contribute to the development of consumers' knowledge of certain regions. From tourists' point of view, terms like authentic and traditional are synonymous to the term local, which presents an importan factor in distinguishing between traditional products and commercial ones. The subject of this paper is the usage of traditional products in catering offers of southern Bačka (Vojvodina - Serbia). The main task of this paper is to present the structure of traditional products that are used in catering facilities and their qualities ( market, production and technical charachteristics) which affect the purchase choices. The main goal of this paper is to collect data about traditional food products that are being used in the meal preparation in catering establishments in the area and which characteristics are crucial for their selection.
Microgranular fertilizer and biostimulants as alternatives to diammonium phosphate fertilizer in maize production on marshland soils in northwest Germany
Authors: Thielicke Matthias , Ahlborn Julian , Životić Ljubomir , Saljnikov Elmira , Eulenstein Frank
Published: December 2022

The eutrophication of groundwater through widespread diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilization and excessive farm fertilizer is one of the major problems in European agriculture. Organomineral microgranular fertilizers that have a reduced phosphorus (P) content, alone or in combination with biostimulants, offer promising alternatives to DAP fertilization. We conducted a field experiment with maize (Zea mays) on a marshland soil site in order to compare the yield increase and the phosphorus balance of DAP and microgranular fertilizer variants. P content of the soil on the study site is 3.9 g P per 100 g soil. Treatments involved a combination of two fertilizers, namely DAP or a P-reduced microgranular slow-release organomineral fertilizer (Startec) and the biostimulants mycorrhiza, humic substances and soil bacteria, applied individually or along with two of the above biostimulants. Fertilizer variants were also tested individually without additional biostimulants. One in four plots was used as a control, treated only with biogas slurry, to identify site-specific spatial variability and to implement correction factors to process raw data using standardized methods. Startec performed as well as DAP in terms of both the yield and corn cob ratio, while the P excess was lower in plots treated with Startec (av. = 4.5 kg P2O5 ha-1 ) compared to DAP (av. = 43.7 kg P2O5 ha-1 ). The latter differences are of statistical significance. Individual biostimulants and a combination of multiple biostimulants rarely resulted in significantly higher yields, with the exception of some combinations with humic substances and mycorrhiza in individual years. The influence of the climatic conditions in each of the years was higher than the influence of the biostimulants. However, average increases in yield over three years would be economically beneficial for farmers in the case of the applied humic substances product and mycorrhiza. An adequate alternative to DAP was found in the form of a P-reduced microgranular fertilizer from Startec.
The values of different types of acidity of pseudogley soils in the Kraljevo basin under forest, meadow and arable land uses
Authors: Dugalić Goran , Dugalić Marijana , Bošković-Rakočević Ljiljana , Rajičić Vera
Published: December 2022

This paper presents the results of active (pH in H2O), exchangeable (pH in KCl), hydrolytic (Y1) and total acidity (T-S) in humus-accumulative (Ah, Ahp) and subsurface (Eg, Btg) horizons of Pseudogley Soils in Kraljevo Basin for 14 soil profiles excavated in forests, 16 in meadows and 24 on arable land. The results showed that acidification was weaker or more pronounced in all three most important tested horizons of Pseudogley Soils, and that the differences in the value of different forms of acidity existed among forest, meadow and arable land uses, as well as between the horizons of the same profile. The chemical reaction of soil solution ranged from very weak to extremely acid. The highest active acidity was found in forest profiles, especially in deeper horizons. Exchangeable acidity ranged from 3.7 to 4.9 pH units, with the forest profiles as the most acid, while the differences between meadow and arable land were less pronounced. The highest hydrolytic acidity was obtained in the forest profiles, while acidity in meadow and arable profiles was significantly lower and the lowest, respectively. Total acidity of the Kraljevo pseudogleys ranged from 6.2 to 24.8 meq/100 g soil and similarly to hydrolytic acidity, the value of total acidity was affected by the land use.
What correlations mean for individual people: A tutorial for researchers, students and the public
Authors: Mõttus René
Published: December 2022

Trisecting and cross-tabulating (TACT) two related variables shows what their correlation means for individual people. For example, knowing an individual's conscientiousness (lowest, medium or highest third among other people) improves the accuracy of predicting their health by 1.4, their child's conscientiousness by 4.2, and their job performance by 7.2 percentage points, compared to the random-guess accuracy of 33.3%. There’s a 35% probability that they will score differently in a few years and a 50% probability that their partner would rate their conscientiousness differently. For typical correlations in psychology, about 40% of individuals with a low or high value in one variable have a similar value in the other variable, while medium values carry almost no predictive information. Hence, correlations’ intuitive interpretations like "someone high in x is likely to be high in y" are almost always incorrect. An R package is provided for calculating and visualising TACT.
Association between Leptin, Adiponectin Levels, and Nutritional Status in Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Utari Agustini , Panunggal Damianus Galih , Rahardjo Tithasiri Audi , Lestari Wiwik , Cayami Ferdy K , Winarni Tri Indah
Published: December 2022

Background: Children with Down Syndrome (DS) have been associated with obesity. Leptin and adiponectin were also significant predictors of obesity and its comorbidity in DS. However, there was limited data regarding leptin and adiponectin in children with DS, particularly who were undernutrition. This study aimed to seek the role of leptin levels, adiponectin levels, and nutritional status in children with DS.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 children with DS aged 1 - 5 years. Height and weight were measured, and then the growth was interpreted using a DS growth chart. The Weight for Height Z-Score (WHZ) and Height for Age Z-Score (HAZ) were determined, and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) was measured. Leptin and adiponectin serum were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Mann-Whitney test was done to compare leptin and adiponectin levels in normal and wasted groups, while Spearman’s analysis was carried out to correlate laboratory results and anthropometric parameters.

Results: Forty children participated (23 males, 17 females) with a median age was 25.5 months. Ten out of 40 children with DS (25%) were wasted and leptin was significantly lower in wasted compared to normal children. In addition, leptin was significantly correlated with WHZ (r = 0.415; p = 0.008), and MUAC (r = 0.427; p = 0.006), while adiponectin did not significantly correlate with those anthropometric variables in both wasted or non-wasted groups.

Conclusion: Leptin is associated with WHZ and MUAC, and it decreases in wasted children with DS.
Enforcement of Competition Law in Times of Crisis: Is Guided Self-Assessment the Answer?
Authors:   Durham Law School, Durham University, Wardhaugh Bruce
Published: December 2022

One common criticism of the EU’s competition regime is that it hinders adequate mitigation of crises by preventing a collaborative response to the problem. We suggest that this view is incorrect. We suggest that a collaborative response is unlikely to effectively mitigate most problems. Yet some forms of cooperation can facilitate a crisis solution. These may be at the margin of legality, giving uncertainty as to whether the proposed practice is permitted. With the possibility of significant penalties for competition infringements, most undertakings will not engage in such cooperative practices. There are significant legal and institutional impediments to providing this Guidance. Such gaps lead to uncertainty found in the nature of the EU competition rules and in NCA practice. We argue that the means forward is with greater engagement and guidance by the Commission and NCAs.
Promoting critical thinking through simulation-based healthcare training (SBHT): A scoping review
Authors: Henrico K , Oostdam N
Published: December 2022

Background. Critical thinking (CT) is an essential graduate attribute for health professions (HP) students. Yet, achieving a higher level of CT in HP students through education is often difficult for educators. SBHT has proven to be an effective strategy to promote CT, but it is not clear how this educational pedagogy should be implemented to achieve higher levels of CT.Objective. To identify and describe the use of simulation-based healthcare training (SBHT) strategies to promote CT in HP students.

Methods. Based on the revised methodology of Levac et al., a scoping review was conducted on studies reporting an improvement in CT through simulation-based healthcare education published between January 2010 and August 2021.Results. Twenty articles were included. Through thematic analysis, three main themes were identified: contact simulations, computer-based simulations, and debriefing. The focus was on how these approaches were used to promote CT. Various subthemes were also identified.

Conclusion. Correctly planning and implementing a simulation-based experience that relates to the relevant learning activities, combined with repeat practice and guided reflection during the debriefing stage, improves the CT skills of HP students.
Student perceptions of an online surgical teaching programme during the COVID-19 pandemic at the University of KwaZulu-Natal: A short report
Authors: Ebrahim S , Singh B , Van Wyk J M
Published: December 2022

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented global health crisis, with impacts on many facets of the health system, including lack of access to regular training wards and the need for social distancing, which posed particular challenges to undergraduate teaching.Objectives. To explore the perceptions of students of the online surgical programme at UKZN.Methods. An online survey was administered to 258 final-year students. Data were collected on student demographics, impact of COVID-19 restrictions on the teaching programme, engagement and learning from live Zoom sessions, overall perceptions about the module and general feedback on students’ experience of the programme.

Results. Most students (84%, 77/91) supported the need to change to the virtual programme. The module was perceived as well-structured (89%, 81/91). Most students (87%, 79/91) regarded the online resource materials as beneficial. Analysis of open-ended responses showed that asynchronous delivery allowed students to review and revisit resources in their own time. Student challenges included poor internet connectivity, difficulty in concentrating where live sessions exceeded an hour, and lack of clinical exposure.

Conclusion. Online teaching in medical education is a feasible option for remote learning. However, it cannot replace the benefits gained during clinical exposure. Findings from this study will help to set a benchmark for online surgical training at UKZN and develop best practices for blended teaching models. As we adapt to a new normal in the era of COVID-19, the disruptions and results of innovative teaching methods have the potential to change the future of medical education.
Evolution of the Legal Regulation of Territorial Defense as an Element of the Organization of Armed Defense in the Legal System of the Soviet State and Modern Russia
Authors: Baldin Aleksandr Konstantinovich
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the features of the legal regulation of the Institute of territorial defense at certain stages of the historical development of Russia. The object of the study is a comparison of conceptual approaches to determining the content of territorial defense, its organization and functioning. The subject of the study is a system of legal sources that, in certain historical periods, establish requirements for the organization, deployment and conduct of territorial defense, regulating the functions of military administration bodies, state authorities and local self-government bodies in the field of territorial defense. The scientific novelty of the presented work consists in the preparation of a comprehensive analysis of the nature of changes in views and approaches to the organization of territorial defense, the study of the evolution of the legal understanding of the institute of territorial defense, reflected in scientific works, based on the results of a comparison of documents of the military administration of the Soviet state and modern Russia. The solution of research tasks was made possible through the use of an appropriate system of methods, the basis of which is comparative legal, historical-legal and other methods of scientific cognition. Based on the analysis of the sources of military legislation, the author comes to the conclusion that in various historical conditions, the organizational and functional content of territorial defense differed, this differentiation was reflected in the legal documents of the military administration bodies.
Carrier transport model of non-carrier-injection light-emitting diode
Authors: Zhao Jian-Cheng , Wu Chao-Xing , Guo Tai-Liang ,   College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China,   Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
Published: December 2022

Non-carrier-injection light-emitting diodes (NCI-LEDs) are expected to be widely used in the next-generation micro-display technologies, including Micro-LEDs and nano-pixel light-emitting displays due to their simple device structures. However, because there is no external charge carrier injection, the internal carrier transport behavior of the NCI-LED cannot be described by using the traditional PN junction and LED theory. Therefore, establishing a carrier-transport model for the NCI-LED is of great significance in understanding its working mechanism and improving device performance. In this work, carrier transport mathematical model of the NCI-LED is established and the mechanical behavior of charge-carrier transport is analyzed quantitatively. Based on the mathematical model, the working mechanism of the NCI-LED is explained, the carrier transport characteristics of the device are obtained. Additionally, the key features, including the length of the induced charge region, the forward biased voltage across the internal PN junction, and the reverse biased voltage across the internal PN junction are studied. Their relationships with the applied frequency of the applied driving voltage are revealed. It is found that both the forward bias and reverse bias of the internal PN junction increase with the driving frequency. When the driving frequency reaches a certain value, the forward bias and the reverse bias of the PN junction will be maintained at a maximum value. Moreover, the length of the induced charge region decreases with the increase of the driving frequency, and when the frequency reaches a certain value, the induced charge region will always be in the state of exhaustion. According to the mathematical model, suggestions for the device optimization design are provided below. 1) Reducing the doping concentration of the induced charge region can effectively increase the voltage drop across the internal LED; 2) employing the tunneling effect occurring in the reverse-biased PN junction can effectively improve the electroluminescence intensity; 3) using the square-wave driving voltage can obtain a larger voltage drop across the internal LED and increase the electroluminescence intensity. This work on the carrier transport model is expected to e present a clear physical figure for understanding the working mechanism of NCI-LED, and to provide a theoretical guidance for optimizing the device structure.
Metal tolerance capacity and antioxidant responses of new Salix spp. clones in a combined Cd-Pb polluted system
Authors: Zhang Chuanfeng , Yang Baoshan , Wang Hui , Xu Xiaohan , Shi Jiaxing , Qin Guanghua
Published: December 2022

To investigate the physiochemical characteristics of two new clones, Salix matsudana ‘J172’ (A7) and Salix matsudana ‘Yankang1’ (A64) in combined Cd-Pb contaminated systems, a hydroponic experiment was designed. The plant biomass, photosynthesis, antioxidant responses and the accumulation of metals in different plant parts (leaf, stem, and root) were measured after 35-day treatments with Cd (15, 30 µM) and Pb (250, 500 µM). The results showed that exposure to Cd-Pb decreased the biomass but increased the net photosynthetic rate for both A7 and A64, demonstrating that photosynthesis may be one of the metabolic processes used to resist Cd-Pb stress. Compared with control, roots exposed to Cd-Pb had higher activity of superoxide dismutase and more malondialdehyde concentrations, which indicated the roots of both clones were apt to be damaged. The concentrations of soluble protein were obviously higher in the roots of A64 than A7, indicating the roles of the antioxidative substance were different between two willow clones. Soluble protein also had significant relationship with translocation factors from accumulation in roots of A64, which illustrated it played important roles in the tolerance of A64 roots to heavy metals. The roots could accumulate more Pb rather than transport to the shoots compared with Cd. The tolerance index was more than 85% on average for both clones under all the treatments, indicating their tolerance capacities to the combined stress of Cd and Pb are strong under the tested metal levels. Both clones are the good candidates for phytoremediation of Cd and Pb by the root filtration in the combined contamination environment.
Clinical Trials and Digital Pathology—Toward Quantitative Therapeutic Immunohistochemistry and Tissue Hybridization
Authors: Salto-Tellez Manuel , Reis-Filho Jorge S.
Published: December 2022

This Viewpoint discusses immunohistochemistry and tissue-hybridization-based diagnostics delivery and compares it with digital pathology.
Immunogenicity With Ranibizumab Biosimilar SB11 (Byooviz) and Reference Product Lucentis and Association With Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Bressler Neil M. , Kim Taehyung , Oh Inkyung , Russo Paola , Kim Mercy Yeeun , Woo Se Joon
Published: December 2022

Importance

SB11 and reference ranibizumab (RBZ) are monoclonal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)–A antibodies approved for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and other retinal diseases. The association of ranibizumab immunogenicity and treatment outcomes in patients with nAMD is unclear but relevant regarding concerns about immunogenicity of anti-VEGF biological products.

Objective

To examine the association of immunogenicity to ranibizumab products (SB11 and RBZ) with efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-masked, parallel-group phase 3 equivalence study with participants from 75 centers in 9 countries conducted from March 14, 2018, to December 9, 2019. Included were participants 50 years or older with nAMD and active subfoveal choroidal neovascularization lesions.

Interventions

Intravitreal injection of SB11 or RBZ, 0.5 mg, every 4 weeks through week 48.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Serum antidrug antibodies (ADAs) were analyzed during the study period until week 52 to measure immunogenicity. Analyses were performed on immunogenicity (overall ADA positivity) with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST). Adverse events associated with intraocular inflammation (IOI) and serum ranibizumab levels were compared between overall ADA-positive and ADA-negative participants.

Results

A total of 705 participants (mean [SD] age, 74.1 [8.5] years; 403 female individuals [57.2%]) were included in the study. The overall incidence of ADA-positivity was 32 of 657 (4.9%) at week 52. The least-squares mean (SE) differences between overall ADA-positive and ADA-negative participants up to week 52 for BCVA and CST, respectively, were 1.6 (2.2) letters (95% CI, −2.7 to 5.8; P = .46) and 3 (13) μm (95% CI, −23 to 29; P = .83). IOI-related events occurred in 1 of 32 overall ADA-positive participants (3.1%) and 4 of 620 overall ADA-negative participants (0.6%). Mean (SD) serum ranibizumab concentrations over time were slightly lower in overall ADA-positive participants compared with those of ADA-negative participants, with a maximum value of 1389.3 (875.4) pg/mL at week 16 vs 1665.4 (1124.0) pg/mL at week 36, respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this post hoc analysis of an equivalence trial suggest that immunogenicity was not associated with efficacy and safety of SB11 and RBZ in participants with nAMD. With a low overall ADA incidence, no clear association was identified between overall ADA positivity and pharmacokinetics. These findings support the biosimilarity of SB11 and RBZ, with no safety concern identified for SB11 vs RBZ associated with immunogenicity.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03150589
High content quantitative imaging of Mycobacterium tuberculosis responses to acidic microenvironments within human macrophages
Authors: Aylan Beren , Botella Laure , Gutierrez Maximiliano G. , Santucci Pierre
Published: December 2022

Intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have evolved diverse strategies to counteract macrophage defence mechanisms including phagolysosomal biogenesis. Within macrophages, Mtb initially resides inside membrane‐bound phagosomes that interact with lysosomes and become acidified. The ability of Mtb to control and subvert the fusion between phagosomes and lysosomes plays a key role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Therefore, understanding how pathogens interact with the endolysosomal network and cope with intracellular acidification is important to better understand the disease. Here, we describe in detail the use of fluorescence microscopy‐based approaches to investigate Mtb responses to acidic environments in cellulo. We report high‐content imaging modalities to probe Mtb sensing of external pH or visualise in real‐time Mtb intrabacterial pH within infected human macrophages. We discuss various methodologies with step‐by‐step analyses that enable robust image‐based quantifications. Finally, we highlight the advantages and limitations of these different approaches and discuss potential alternatives that can be applied to further investigate Mtb–host cell interactions. These methods can be adapted to study host–pathogen interactions in different biological systems and experimental settings. Altogether, these approaches represent a valuable tool to further broaden our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying intracellular pathogen survival.
Regularized Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Huang Hsin‐Cheng , Hsu Nan Jung
Published: December 2022

Traditional principal component analysis (PCA) suffers from high estimation variability and low interpretability in high‐dimensional data analysis. This article presents several regularization approaches for PCA by imposing structural constraints on eigenvectors to avoid overfitting and ease interpretation. Applying shrinkage, thresholding, smoothing, or rotation on eigenvectors leads to regularized PCA with enhanced interpretability.
Metal Complexes as Resistance Breakers or Metalloantibiotics for Combating Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Li Hongyan , Sun Hongzhe
Published: December 2022

The rapid emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacterial strains post significant threats to public health globally. Owing to the complexity of AMR, different strategies have been proposed, among which metal‐based strategy has receiving growing attention. Metallodrugs/ metal‐based complexes often exert multi‐targeted mode of action, thus having less likelihood to evolve resistance. Moreover, metal complexes could also target resistant enzymes produced by bacteria, thus might serve as antibiotic adjuvants for rescuing currently used antibiotics. In this encyclopaedia, we summarize the metal‐based strategy for combating AMR including both as resistance breakers or metalloantibiotics. Their underlying mechanisms of actions are also included. We also discuss the future perspective, opportunity and challenges in the field.
A Novel Computational Biomechanics Framework to Model Vascular Mechanopropagation in Deep Bone Marrow
Authors: Zhao Yunduo Charles , Zhang Yingqi , Jiang Fengtao , Wu Chi , Wan Boyang , Syeda Ruhma , Li Qing , Shen Bo , Ju Lining Arnold
Published: December 2022

The mechanical stimuli generated by body exercise can be transmitted from cortical bone into the deep bone marrow (mechanopropagation). Excitingly, a mechanosensitive perivascular stem cell niche is recently identified within the bone marrow for osteogenesis and lymphopoiesis. Although it is long known that they are maintained by exercise‐induced mechanical stimulation, the mechanopropagation from compact bone to deep bone marrow vasculature remains elusive of this fundamental mechanobiology field. No experimental system is available yet to directly understand such exercise‐induced mechanopropagation at the bone‐vessel interface. To this end, taking advantage of the revolutionary in vivo 3D deep bone imaging, an integrated computational biomechanics framework to quantitatively evaluate the mechanopropagation capabilities for bone marrow arterioles, arteries, and sinusoids is devised. As a highlight, the 3D geometries of blood vessels are smoothly reconstructed in the presence of vessel wall thickness and intravascular pulse pressure. By implementing the 5‐parameter Mooney–Rivlin model that simulates the hyperelastic vessel properties, finite element analysis to thoroughly investigate the mechanical effects of exercise‐induced intravascular vibratory stretching on bone marrow vasculature is performed. In addition, the blood pressure and cortical bone bending effects on vascular mechanoproperties are examined. For the first time, movement‐induced mechanopropagation from the hard cortical bone to the soft vasculature in the bone marrow is numerically simulated. It is concluded that arterioles and arteries are much more efficient in propagating mechanical force than sinusoids due to their stiffness. In the future, this in‐silico approach can be combined with other clinical imaging modalities for subject/patient‐specific vascular reconstruction and biomechanical analysis, providing large‐scale phenotypic data for personalized mechanobiology discovery.
Nonlinear Oscillation States of Optomechanical Resonator for Reconfigurable Light‐Compatible Logic Functions
Authors: Liu Jiawen , Gacemi Djamal , Pantzas Konstantinos , Beaudoin Grégoire , Sagnes Isabelle , Vasanelli Angela , Sirtori Carlo , Todorov Yanko
Published: December 2022

An optomechanical scheme is reported to implement single devices combining an electromagnetic resonator with a strongly nonlinear nanomechanical oscillator in order to realize light‐controlled logic functions. In this scheme, the nonlinear mechanical oscillations, which can be well controlled by external drives, are revealed to be sensitive to incident light due to light–matter interactions enhanced by the resonator. As a result, one can adjust the initial mechanical configurations to obtain various on‐demand responses to input optical signals, and thus realize reconfigurable logic functions (NOT, XOR, OR, AND). The single optomechanical device reported here is designed to work at the terahertz (THz) frequency domain, which is the first demonstration of a THz‐compatible logic component that processes information encoded in modulated free‐space THz light, with operation rates reaching a few kilohertz. This device also can be integrated into other micro‐electromechanical systems as THz‐compatible actuators. Moreover, the optomechanical scheme proposed in this work is applicable to other frequency ranges, such as radio frequencies (RF) or the infrared.
Achieving High Responsivity of Photoelectrochemical Solar‐Blind Ultraviolet Photodetectors via Oxygen Vacancy Engineering
Authors: Yu Huan , Qu Lihang , Zhang Mingxi , Wang Yunxia , Lou Congqiang , Xu Yi , Cui Mengqi , Shao Zhitao , Liu Xin , Hu PingAn , Feng Wei
Published: December 2022

Tin oxide (SnO2) is an n‐type wide‐bandgap semiconductor with the merits of superior electron transport properties and good stability, making it an attractive candidate for solar‐blind ultraviolet photodetectors (SBUV PDs). However, it is still challenging to design high‐performance SnO2‐based photoelectrochemical (PEC)‐type SBUV PDs. In this study, oxygen vacancies (OVs) engineering is proposed to manipulate the photoresponse of SnO2 nanosheets (NSs) and high‐performance SnO2‐based PEC SBUV PDs are developed. SnO2 NSs with different OVs are prepared by hydrothermal method with annealing process. PEC PDs consisting of SnO2 NSs annealed at 550 °C show record high responsivity and specific detectivity of 269.40 mA W−1 and 2.38 × 1012 Jones at a bias voltage of 0.2 V, respectively, surpassing all aqueous‐type PEC UV PDs. OVs simultaneously accelerate the carrier recombination in the SnO2 NSs and charge transfer at the interface of the SnO2 NSs and electrolyte, indicating that both excess OVs and too few OVs reduce the PEC photoresponse. Therefore, an appropriate OV's content is vital to designing high‐performance SnO2 NSs PEC PDs. Moreover, the SnO2 NSs PEC PDs have good self‐powered capability, excellent wavelength‐selectivity, multicycle and long‐term stability. The results of this study demonstrate that OVs engineering is a powerful strategy for designing high‐performance SnO2‐based PEC PDs.
Broadband Plasmon‐Induced Transparency to a Electromagnetically Induced Absorption Conversion Metastructure Based on Germanium
Authors: Zhu Di‐Di , Lv You , Li Si‐Ying , Zhang Hai‐Feng
Published: December 2022

A Germanium (Ge) metastructure with switching features from broadband plasmon‐induced transparency (PIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) is presented, which forms a broadband PIT through the near‐field coupling between the localized plasmon resonance and the Mie resonance employing four gold cut wires as bright plasmon resonators and four C‐shaped dielectric rings as dark plasmon resonators. A wide transparent window above 0.9 is achieved covering from 0.622 to 0.823 THz with a relative bandwidth of 27.8%. In addition, through phase modulation, a magnetic dipole is generated by the constructive interference of the near‐field coupling of the three resonators to realize the PIT to EIA conversion. In addition, a grid‐like metastructure is introduced to realize the PIT to EIA conversion by phase modulation. To enhance the EIA bandwidth, another layer of C‐shaped reflection plate resonator is introduced to increase the dark mode loss, and a layer of frequency selective surface composed of cross‐shaped resonators is also used. Thus under the dual effect, a wide absorption window above 0.75 is achieved covering from 0.647 to 0.756 THz with a relative bandwidth of 15.5%.
Quantum‐Error‐Rejection for Hyperentanglement Transmission without Calibrated Reference Frames
Authors: Zhang Nana , Yuan Tai , Guo Yongrui , Guo Pengliang
Published: December 2022

In quantum communication, the channel noise and the misalignment of the reference frames between the communication parties will lead to the failure of quantum state transmission. Here an alignment‐free spatial‐polarization hyperentanglement transmission scheme is provided for hyperentangled photons. In this scheme, before the spatial‐polarization hyperentanglement is transmitted through the fiber channel, it is first encoded as a time‐bin entanglement with the same polarization. After the photons pass through the noise channel, the polarization errors caused by reference frames misalignment and channel noise can be corrected by time‐bin entanglement. In principle, by implementing this scheme, the communication parties can share the original hyperentangled state, and the success probability can approach unity. The scheme is robust to random channel noise and reference frames misalignment, and the decoherence effect caused by the misalignment of the reference frames between the communication parties can be completely suppressed by implementing this scheme.
Efficient Population Transfer in a Λ‐Type Quantum System Coupled to a Gold Nanoparticle Using STIRAP Shortcuts
Authors: Domenikou Natalia , Thanopulos Ioannis , Stefanatos Dionisis , Yannopapas Vassilios , Paspalakis Emmanuel
Published: December 2022

A theoretical investigation on the population transfer in a Λ‐type quantum system near a spherical gold nanoparticle under application of two stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) shortcuts and efficiency comparison with conventional STIRAP. It combines the density matrix approach for system dynamics, with classical electromagnetic calculations used to obtain the modified electric field amplitudes of the applied pulses and the Purcell factor of the quantum system due to the presence of the nanoparticle. The efficiency of population transfer is investigated by varying the distance between the quantum system and the nanoparticle, the free‐space decay rate of quantum states, the mutual polarization, and the Rabi frequencies of each STIRAP shortcut pulses. In all cases, at least one of the applied shortcuts is more efficient than conventional STIRAP, while in most cases both perform better. When the pump and Stokes fields of the shortcuts have radial and tangential polarizations with respect to the nanoparticle surface, respectively, high transfer efficiency is obtained for small distances of the quantum system to the nanoparticle, moderate free space decay rates and large Rabi frequencies of the fields, while when the pulse polarizations are interchanged, the transfer becomes highly efficient only at large distances.
Oxygen‐Bridged Indium‐Nickel Atomic Pair as Dual‐Metal Active Sites Enabling Synergistic Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Fan Zhaozhong , Luo Ruichun , Zhang Yanxue , Zhang Bo , Zhai Panlong , Zhang Yanting , Wang Chen , Gao Junfeng , Zhou Wu , Sun Licheng , Hou Jungang
Published: December 2022

Single‐atom catalysts offer a promising pathway for electrochemical CO2 conversion. However, it is still a challenge to optimize the electrochemical performance of dual‐atom catalysts. Here, an atomic indium‐nickel dual‐sites catalyst bridged by an axial oxygen atom (O‐In‐N6‐Ni moiety) was anchored on nitrogenated carbon (InNi DS/NC). InNi DS/NC exhibits superior CO selectivity with Faradaic efficiency higher than 90 % over a wide potential range from −0.5 to −0.8 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE). Moreover, an industrial CO partial current density up to 317.2 mA cm−2 is achieved at −1.0 V vs. RHE in a flow cell. In situ ATR‐SEIRAS combined with theory calculations reveal that the synergistic effect of In‐Ni dual‐sites and O atom bridge not only reduces the reaction barrier for the formation of *COOH, but also retards the undesired hydrogen evolution reaction. This work provides a feasible strategy to construct dual‐site catalysts towards energy conversion.
C3‐Cyanation of Pyridines: Constraints on Electrophiles and Determinants of Regioselectivity
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhou Qingyang , Luo Heng , Tang Zi‐Lu , Xu Xiufang , Wang Xiao‐Chen
Published: December 2022

Methods for C−H cyanation of pyridines are rare. Here, we report a method for C3‐selective cyanation of pyridines by a tandem process with the reaction of an in situ generated dihydropyridine with a cyano electrophile as the key step. The method is suitable for late‐stage functionalization of pyridine drugs. The low reduction potential of the electrophile and effective transfer of the nitrile group were found to be essential for the success of this method. We studied the reaction mechanism in detail by means of control experiments and theoretical calculations and found that a combination of electronic and steric factors determined the regioselectivity of reactions involving C2‐substituted pyridines.
Confining the Sol‐Gel Reaction at the Water/Oil Interface: Creating Compartmentalized Enzymatic Nano‐Organelles for Artificial Cells
Authors: Gonçalves Jenifer Pendiuk , Promlok Duangkamol , Ivanov Tsvetomir , Tao Shijia , Rheinberger Timo , Jo Seong‐Min , Yu Yingjie , Graf Robert , Wagner Manfred , Crespy Daniel , Wurm Frederik R. , Caire da Silva Lucas , Jiang Shuai , Landfester Katharina
Published: December 2022

Living organisms compartmentalize their catalytic reactions in membranes for increased efficiency and selectivity. To mimic the organelles of eukaryotic cells, we develop a mild approach for in situ encapsulating enzymes in aqueous‐core silica nanocapsules. In order to confine the sol‐gel reaction at the water/oil interface of miniemulsion, we introduce an aminosilane to the silica precursors, which serves as both catalyst and an amphiphilic anchor that electrostatically assembles with negatively charged hydrolyzed alkoxysilanes at the interface. The semi‐permeable shell protects enzymes from proteolytic attack, and allows the transport of reactants and products. The enzyme‐carrying nanocapsules, as synthetic nano‐organelles, are able to perform cascade reactions when enveloped in a polymer vesicle, mimicking the hierarchically compartmentalized reactions in eukaryotic cells. This in situ encapsulation approach provides a versatile platform for the delivery of biomacromolecules.
Thermally Activated Delayed Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence from Functionalized Lead‐Free Nanocrystals
Authors: He Shan , Du Jun , Liang Wenfei , Zhang Boyu , Liang Guijie , Wu Kaifeng
Published: December 2022

As an analogue to thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) of organic molecules, thermally activated delayed photoluminescence (TADPL) observed in molecule‐functionalized semiconductor nanocrystals represents an exotic mechanism to harvest energy from dark molecular triplets and to obtain controllable, long‐lived PL from nanocrystals. The reported TADPL systems have successfully covered the visible spectrum. However, TADF molecules already emit very efficiently in the visible, diminishing the technological impact of the less‐efficient nanocrystal‐molecule TADPL. Here we report bright, near‐infrared TADPL in lead‐free CuInSe2nanocrystals functionalized with carboxylated tetracene ligands, which results from efficient triplet energy transfer from photoexcited nanocrystals to ligands, followed with thermally activated reverse energy transfer from ligand triplets back to nanocrystals. This strategy prolonged the nanocrystal exciton lifetime from 100 ns to 60 μs at room temperature.
A Compound I Mimic Reveals the Transient Active Species of a Cytochrome P450 Enzyme: Insight into the Stereoselectivity of P450‐Catalysed Oxidations
Authors: Suzuki Kazuto , Stanfield Joshua Kyle , Omura Keita , Shisaka Yuma , Ariyasu Shinya , Kasai Chie , Aiba Yuichiro , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Shoji Osami
Published: December 2022

Catching the structure of cytochrome P450 enzymesin flagranteis crucial for the development of P450 biocatalysts, as most structures collected are found trapped in a precatalytic conformation. At the heart of P450 catalysis lies Cpd I, a short‐lived, highly reactive intermediate, whose recalcitrant nature has thwarted most attempts at capturing catalytically relevant poses of P450s. We report the crystal structure of P450BM3 mimicking the state in the precise moment preceding epoxidation, which is in perfect agreement with the experimentally observed stereoselectivity. This structure was attained by incorporation of the stable Cpd I mimic oxomolybdenum mesoporphyrin IX into P450BM3 in the presence of styrene. The orientation of styrene to the Mo‐oxo species in the crystal structures sheds light onto the dynamics involved in the rotation of styrene to present its vinyl group to Cpd I. This method serves as a powerful tool for predicting and modelling the stereoselectivity of P450 reactions.
Perovskite catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane improved by Y‐doping
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Cai Lili , Cao Zhongwei , Zhu Xuefeng , Yang Weishen
Published: December 2022

Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) is an effective route for methane direct conversion to ethylene. Perovskite oxides (ABO3) with variable properties are potential catalysts for OCM by adjusting the compositions. In this study, four perovskite catalysts, BaMO3‐δ and BaM1‐xYxO3‐δ (M = Zr, Ce; x = 0.2), were prepared by the sol–gel method to explore their catalytic performance of OCM. All catalysts are active toward OCM and reach the highest catalytic performance at 800°C. The OCM performance of Ce‐based catalysts is higher than that of Zr‐based catalysts. The selectivity of C2 compounds is significantly improved by Y‐doping. At CH4/O2 mol ratio of 8, a C2 selectivity of 67% was achieved on BaCe0.8Y0.2O3‐δ. Compared with Zr‐based catalysts, more amounts of active oxygen species, which are beneficial to OCM, were observed on BaCeO3‐δ and BaCe0.8Y0.2O3‐δ. Meanwhile, higher contents of moderate and strong basic sites, which are beneficial to OCM, were found on the Y‐doped catalysts. This is attributed to the generation of oxygen vacancies caused by Y‐doping in the B‐site. Therefore, BaCe0.8Y0.2O3‐δ with more active oxygen species and stronger basicity exhibits the highest performance among the four catalysts.
Dual‐target affinity analysis and separation of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitors from Morus alba leaves using a magnetic bifunctional immobilized enzyme system
Authors: Guo Shuang , Liu Shuo , Meng Jing , Gu Dongyu , Wang Yi , He Dajun , Yang Yi
Published: December 2022

Morus alba leaves are a natural product with great antidiabetic potential. However, the therapeutic efficacy of natural products is usually achieved through the interaction of active compounds with specific targets. Among them, active compounds with multi‐target therapeutic functions are more effective than single‐target enzymes. In this study, a bienzyme system was constructed by co‐immobilizing α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase onto Fe3O4 for affinity screening of dual‐target active components in the complex extract from M. alba leaves. As a result, a potential active compound was selectively screened by ligand fishing, separated by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography using a solvent system of ethyl acetate–n‐butanol–water (3:2:5, v/v), and identified as rutin. In addition, the result of molecular docking showed that rutin could interact with the active center of α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase through multiple hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, etc. to play an inhibitory role. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the polydopamine magnetically immobilized bienzyme system for dual‐target affinity screening of active substances. This study not only reveals the chemical basis of the antidiabetic activity of M. alba leaves from a dual‐target perspective, but also promotes the progress of multitarget affinity screening.
Enhancing the student experience in pre‐ and mid‐COVID‐19 pandemic period by upgrading the power electronics laboratory practice curriculum
Authors: Rihar Andraž , Vončina Danjel , Zajec Peter
Published: December 2022

Laboratory practices, which represent a vital part of electrical engineering education, have especially in the last few years been subjected to numerous challenges. The paper presents a concept of upgrading the laboratory practice curriculum in power electronics by introducing computer simulations. Due to the recognized shortcomings of the previous approach, the curriculum was closely reviewed, compared to the concepts from existing literature, and intensively upgraded by the introduction of the Ansys Simplorer computer program. The intensity of the process upgrade was enhanced by the COVID‐19 pandemic and related lockdowns. The introduced curriculum changes enabled the students to approach individual topics more gradually, reducing the gaps between the behavior of ideal and real power electronics circuits. The results of student feedback, obtained by a web‐based survey and a pre‐exam quiz, demonstrate that students recognize the new approach as being more gradual and beneficial, enabling them to improve their understanding of specific phenomena and to master the topics of power electronics with ease and satisfaction.
Ability of 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT SUVmax to differentiate ISUP GG2 from GG3 in intermediate‐risk prostate cancer: A single‐center retrospective study of 147 patients
Authors: Yi Nuo , Wang Yajing , Zang Shiming , Yang Lulu , Liu Hao , Sun Hongbin , Wang Liwei , Wang Feng
Published: December 2022

Objective

To evaluate the ability of 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) to distinguish prostate cancer (PCa) International Society of Urological Pathology ISUP grade group (GG) 2 and GG3.

Methods

The PET/CT images and data of 147 patients were analyzed retrospectively, and the SUVmax of the index lesions were measured. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of PET/CT for PCa. The correlation between SUVmax and ISUP GG was analyzed. A logistic regression model was established with SUVmax and was validated to predict its value of diagnosing intermediate‐ and high‐risk PCa (ihPCa).

Results

Of the 147 patients, 112 cases were PCa (76.2%), and 35 cases were benign lesions (23.8%). There was a significant difference between the benign and the malignant groups (p < 0.05). The median SUVmax of ihPCa was significantly higher than that of the benign and low‐risk groups (p < 0.05). The median SUVmax of GG3 was significantly higher than that of the GG2 group (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant SUVmax differences among GG3, GG4, and GG5 groups (p > 0.05). The specificity and the positive predictive value of 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT in the diagnosis of PCa were 97% and 99% with cut‐off SUVmax of 6.94, while the specificity and the positive predictive value of ihPCa were 95% and 96% with cut‐off SUVmax of 10.12.

Conclusion

68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT can reliably distinguish GG2 from GG3 PCa.