bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of children's influenza‐like illnesses on parental quality of life: A qualitative study
Authors: Chow Maria Yui Kwan , Morrow Angela M , Booy Robert , Leask Julie
Published: June 2013

Aims

Influenza and influenza‐like illness (ILI) in otherwise healthy children has considerable impact on their parents. This study explored the impact of children's ILI on parental quality of life (QoL).

Methods

We conducted qualitative in‐depth interviews with parents of children aged 6 months–3 years with severe ILI. Children from childcare centres in Sydney, Australia were followed through the 2010 influenza season. Questions covered child's symptoms, parents' experiences including medical care visits, impact on the family's daily routine, and emotional, physical and social well‐being. Interviews were analysed using a modified grounded theory approach.

Results

We conducted 21 interviews with 23 parents. Five main themes emerged: ‘sudden changes in daily life’, ‘emotional impact’, ‘social isolation and relationship changes’, ‘importance of family and friend support’ and ‘interaction with the medical system’. Perceived practical and emotional support from family and/or friends and consultations with the doctor appeared to moderate the impact.

Conclusions

Severe ILI in children has a considerable impact on their parents' QoL, through disruptions of normal life routine, social isolation and stress in coping with the sick child. These impacts should be considered when introducing flexible workplace policies designed to minimise the impact on parental QoL. Prevention strategies such as vaccinating children against influenza may help alleviate this impact at a population level.
Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on the signs, symptoms and clinical consequences of premature ejaculation
Authors: Mohammadi Seyyed Davoud , Mohammadkhani Parvaneh , Dolatshahi Behruz , Dadkhah Asghar
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this research was to assess the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the signs, symptoms, and clinical‐sexual consequences of premature ejaculation, including sexual esteem, sexual anxiety, sexual depression, sexual fear, and sexual satisfaction of patients and their wives. Fifteen patients with premature ejaculation were selected and received cognitive behavioral therapy of eight to 12 sessions. Finally, the data collected from 12 patients were analyzed using paired t‐tests. The results of the analysis showed that all of the variables changed after the treatment. All of the changes were statistically significant with a tendency towards improvement. CBT can be a more popular and effective treatment provided to patients suffering from premature ejaculation.
Understanding Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Intentions: Comparative Utility of the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behavior in Vaccine Target Age Women and Men
Authors: Fisher William A. , Kohut Taylor , Salisbury Claire M.A. , Salvadori Marina I.
Published: June 2013

Introduction

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an exceedingly prevalent sexually transmitted infection with serious medical, sexual, and relationship consequences. HPV vaccine protection is available but vaccine uptake is very inconsistent.

Aims

This research applies two major theories of health behavior uptake, the Theory of Reasoned Action and the Theory of Planned Behavior, in an effort to understand intentions to receive HPV vaccine among vaccine target age women and men. The Theory of Reasoned Action asserts that attitudes toward HPV vaccination and perceptions of social support for HPV vaccination are the determinants of intentions to be vaccinated, whereas the Theory of Planned Behavior holds that attitudes toward vaccination, perceptions of social support for vaccination, and perceived ability to get vaccinated are the determinants of intentions to be vaccinated.

Methods

Canadian university men (N = 118) and women (N = 146) in the HPV vaccine target age range took part in this correlational study online.

Main Outcome Measures

Participants completed standard measures of attitudes toward HPV vaccination, perceptions of social support for vaccination, perceived ability to get vaccinated, beliefs about vaccination, and intentions to be vaccinated in the coming semester.

Results

Findings confirmed the propositions of the Theory of Reasoned Action and indicated that attitudes toward undergoing HPV vaccination and perceptions of social support for undergoing HPV vaccination contributed uniquely to the prediction of women's (R2 = 0.53) and men's (R2 = 0.44) intentions to be vaccinated in the coming semester.

Conclusion

Clinical and public health education should focus on strengthening attitudes and perceptions of social support for HPV vaccination, and on the basic beliefs that appear to underlie attitudes and perceptions of social support for HPV vaccination, in efforts to promote HPV vaccine uptake.
Distribution and temporal variation of mega‐fauna at the Regab pockmark (Northern Congo Fan), based on a comparison of videomosaics and geographic information systems analyses
Authors: Marcon Yann , Sahling Heiko , Allais Anne‐Gaëlle , Bohrmann Gerhard , Olu Karine
Published: June 2013

The Regab pockmark is a large cold seep area located 10 km north of the Congo deep sea channel at about 3160 m water depth. The associated ecosystem hosts abundant fauna, dominated by chemosynthetic species such as the mussel Bathymodiolus aff. boomerang, vestimentiferan tubeworm Escarpia southwardae, and vesicomyid clams Laubiericoncha chuni and Christineconcha regab. The pockmark was visited during the West African Cold Seeps (WACS) cruise with RV Pourquoi Pas? in February 2011, and a 14,000‐m2 high‐resolution videomosaic was constructed to map the most populated area and to describe the distribution of the dominant megafauna (mussels, tubeworms and clams). The results are compared with previous published works, which also included a videomosaic in the same area of the pockmark, based on images of the BIOZAIRE cruise in 2001. The 10‐year variation of the faunal distribution is described and reveals that the visible abundance and distribution of the dominant megafaunal populations at Regab have not changed significantly, suggesting that the overall methane and sulfide fluxes that reach the faunal communities have been stable. Nevertheless, small and localized distribution changes in the clam community indicate that it is exposed to more transient fluxes than the other communities. Observations suggest that the main megafaunal aggregations at Regab are distributed around focused zones of high flux of methane‐enriched fluids likely related to distinct smaller pockmark structures that compose the larger Regab pockmark. Although most results are consistent with the existing successional models for seep communities, some observations in the distribution of the Regab mussel population do not entirely fit into these models. This is likely due to the high heterogeneity of this site formed by the coalescence of several pockmarks. We hypothesize that the mussel distribution at Regab could also be controlled by the occurrence of zones of both intense methane fluxes and reduced efficiency of the anaerobic oxidation of methane possibly limiting tubeworm colonization.
Characterization of a population of neural progenitor cells in the infant hippocampus
Authors: Paine Simon M. L. , Willsher Alex R. , Nicholson Sarah L. , Sebire Neil J. , Jacques Thomas S.
Published: June 2013

Aims

Abnormalities of the hippocampus are associated with a range of diseases in children, including epilepsy and sudden death. A population of rod cells in part of the hippocampus, the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus, has long been recognized in infants. Previous work suggested that these cells were microglia and that their presence was associated with chronic illness and sudden infant death syndrome. Prompted by the observations that a sensitive immunohistochemical marker of microglia used in diagnostic practice does not typically stain these cells and that the hippocampus is a site of postnatal neurogenesis, we hypothesized that this transient population of cells were not microglia but neural progenitors.

Methods

Using archived post mortem tissue, we applied a broad panel of antibodies to establish the immunophenotype of these cells in 40 infants dying suddenly of causes that were either explained or remained unexplained, following post mortem investigation.

Results

The rod cells were consistently negative for the microglial markers CD45, CD68 and HLA‐DR. The cells were positive, in varying proportions, for the neural progenitor marker, doublecortin, the neural stem cell marker, nestin and the neural marker, TUJ1.

Conclusions

These data support our hypothesis that the rod cells of the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus in the infant hippocampus are not microglia but a population of neural progenitors. These findings advance our understanding of postnatal neurogenesis in the human hippocampus in health and disease and are of diagnostic importance, allowing reactive microglia to be distinguished from the normal population of neural progenitors.
Ontogenetic shifts in plant interactions vary with environmental severity and affect population structure
Authors: le Roux Peter C. , Shaw Justine D. , Chown Steven L.
Published: June 2013

Environmental conditions and plant size may both alter the outcome of inter‐specific plant–plant interactions, with seedlings generally facilitated more strongly than larger individuals in stressful habitats. However, the combined impact of plant size and environmental severity on interactions is poorly understood.

Here, we tested explicitly for the first time the hypothesis that ontogenetic shifts in interactions are delayed under increasingly severe conditions by examining the interaction between a grass, Agrostis magellanica, and a cushion plant, Azorella selago, along two severity gradients.

The impact of A. selago on A. magellanica abundance, but not reproductive effort, was related to A. magellanica size, with a trend for delayed shifts towards more negative interactions under greater environmental severity. Intermediate‐sized individuals were most strongly facilitated, leading to differences in the size‐class distribution of A. magellanica on the soil and on A. selago. The A. magellanica size‐class distribution was more strongly affected by A. selago than by environmental severity, demonstrating that the plant–plant interaction impacts A. magellanica population structure more strongly than habitat conditions.

As ontogenetic shifts in plant–plant interactions cannot be assumed to be constant across severity gradients and may impact species population structure, studies examining the outcome of interactions need to consider the potential for size‐ or age‐related variation in competition and facilitation.
Differential Lead Component Pulling as a Possible Mechanism of Inside‐Out Abrasion and Conductor Cable Externalization
Authors: LAU ERNEST W.
Published: June 2013

Background

Conductor cable externalization with protrusion (CCE*) is highly prevalent among the Riata 8F and ST 7F defibrillation (DF) leads and infrequently present in the QuickSite and the QuickFlex coronary sinus (CS) leads (St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA, USA). A model for CCE* based on differential lead component pulling and conjugate extension with reciprocal compression‐bending was developed. Extension of a proximal lead body segment by pectoral or cardiac movements causes reciprocal compression‐bending of a distal lead body segment mediated by inextensible conductor cables running down a lead body fixed at various points by fibrous adhesions. The “sawing” action of these cables under tension causes inside‐out abrasion of insulation leading to CCE*.

Methods

DF leads from different manufacturers and the QuickFlex and QuickFlex μ CS leads were subjected to simulated differential pulling.

Results

Restitution from differential pulling followed three patterns: complete, partial without escalation, and incomplete with escalation. Only the last pattern (only shown by the Riata 8F and ST 7F leads) was associated with an increased risk to CCE*. For CS leads, deformation concentrated on the more flexible segment when the lead body did not have a uniform construction.

Conclusions

The Durata, Riata ST Optim, QuickFlex μ, and Quartet leads should be relatively immune to CCE*. The Durata leads are extremely resistant to longitudinal deformation and probably cause mediastinal displacement rather than differential pulling in response to pectoral movements in vivo. Implantation techniques and lead designs can be used to minimize the risk of CCE*. A bench test for CCE* can be constructed.
Replication proteinAsubunit 3 and the iron efficiency response in soybean
Authors: ATWOOD SARAH E. , O'ROURKE JAMIE A. , PEIFFER GREGORY A. , YIN TENGFEI , MAJUMDER MAHBUBUL , ZHANG CHUNQUAN , CIANZIO SILVIA R. , HILL JOHN H. , COOK DIANNE , WHITHAM STEVEN A. , SHOEMAKER RANDY C. , GRAHAM MICHELLE A.
Published: June 2013

In soybean [Glycine max(L.)Merr.], iron deficiency results in interveinal chlorosis and decreased photosynthetic capacity, leading to stunting and yield loss. In this study, gene expression analyses investigated the role of soybean replication proteinA(RPA) subunits during iron stress. NineRPAhomologs were significantly differentially expressed in response to iron stress in the near isogenic lines (NILs)Clark (iron efficient) andIsoclark (iron inefficient).RPAhomologs exhibited opposing expression patterns in the twoNILs, withRPAexpression significantly repressed during iron deficiency inClark but induced inIsoclark. We used virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) to repressGmRPA3expression in the iron inefficient lineIsoclark and mirror expression inClark.GmRPA3‐silenced plants had improvedIDCsymptoms and chlorophyll content under iron deficient conditions and also displayed stunted growth regardless of iron availability.RNA‐Seq comparing gene expression betweenGmRPA3‐silenced and empty vector plants revealed massive transcriptional reprogramming with differential expression of genes associated with defense, immunity, aging, death, protein modification, protein synthesis, photosynthesis and iron uptake and transport genes. Our findings suggest the iron efficient genotypeClark is able to induce energy controlling pathways, possibly regulated bySnRK1/TOR, to promote nutrient recycling and stress responses in iron deficient conditions.
Moral Testimony
Authors: Hills Alison
Published: June 2013

Testimony is an important source of our knowledge about the world. But to some, there seems something odd, perhaps even wrong, about trusting testimony about specifically moral matters. In this paper, I discuss several different explanations of what might be wrong with trusting moral testimony. These include the possibility that there is no moral knowledge; that moral knowledge cannot be transmitted by moral testimony; that there are reasons not to trust moral testimony either because you should try to gain and use “moral understanding” to make your moral judgements instead or because doing so is damaging to your moral character in various ways. Finally, I discuss some “debunking explanations” according to which it is right and rational to trust moral testimony from a trustworthy source. © 2013 The Author. Philosophy Compass © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Variations in stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in different body parts and eggs of adult stoneflies (Plecoptera)
Authors: YOSHIMURA MAYUMI
Published: June 2013

Variations in δ13C and δ15N might arise from differences in nutrient allocation. Residence times of δ13C and δ15N vary among tissues depending on metabolic turnover rates. However, because of their small size, entire individual insects are generally used as single samples in isotope analyses. The present study aimed to determine the degree of isotope similarity among regions of the adult body and eggs in four species of Plecoptera (Amphinemura sp., Sweltsa sp., Kamimuria tibialis Pictet and Ostrovus sp.). Levels of δ13C and δ15N differ between the four species, being lowest in Amphinemura sp., and with δ15N being highest in Sweltsa sp. Egg masses contain consistently the lowest values of δ13C in the four species, with the δ15N value of eggs being highest in K. tibialis and Ostrovus sp., and lower in Amphinemura and Sweltsa spp. In Sweltsa sp., the δ15N levels of the dermal layers and cuticle are lowest, whereas the δ13C values of the dermal layers and cuticle are almost equal to those in other regions of the body, except egg masses. Oviposited individuals of Amphinemura and Sweltsa spp. have lower δ15N levels than individuals that have not oviposited. The rates of metabolism and incorporation of dietary metabolites will differ depending on the body regions and species. Differences in egg ecology such as egg developmental period and egg buoyancy among species are considered to impact on the values of δ13C and δ15N. These results will be useful for understanding the nutritional status of aquatic insects and their energy allocation.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Perylene‐TiO2 Nanoassemblies
Authors: Llansola‐Portoles Manuel J. , Bergkamp Jesse J. , Tomlin John , Moore Thomas A. , Kodis Gerdenis , Moore Ana L. , Cosa Gonzalo , Palacios Rodrigo E.
Published: June 2013

The photosensitization effect of three perylene dye derivatives on titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) has been investigated. The dyes used, 1,7‐dibromoperylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxy dianhydride (1), 1,7‐dipyrrolidinylperylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxy dianhydride (2) and 1,7‐bis(4‐tert‐butylphenyloxy)perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxy dianhydride (3) have in common bisanhydride groups that convert into TiO2 binding groups upon hydrolysis. The different substituents on the bay position of the dyes enable tuning of their redox properties to yield significantly different driving forces for photoinduced electron transfer (PeT). Recently developed TiO2 NPs having a small average size and a narrow distribution (4 ± 1 nm) are used in this work to prepare the dye‐TiO2 systems under study. Whereas successful sensitization was obtained with 1 and 2 as evidenced by steady‐state spectral shifts and transient absorption results, no evidence for the attachment of 3 to TiO2 was observed. The comparison of the rates of PeT (kPeT) for 1‐ and 2‐TiO2 systems studied in this work with those obtained for previously reported analogous systems, having TiO2 NPs covered by a surfactant layer (Hernandez et al. [2012] J. Phys. Chem. B., 117, 4568–4581), indicates that kPeT for the former systems is slower than that for the later. These results are interpreted in terms of the different energy values of the conduction band edge in each system.
Societal Threat to Safety, Compensatory Control, and Right‐Wing Authoritarianism
Authors: Mirisola Alberto , Roccato Michele , Russo Silvia , Spagna Giulia , Vieno Alessio
Published: June 2013

We analyzed directly and indirectly the relationships between societal threat to safety, perceived control, and the increase in right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA) in two studies. In Study 1 (national sample of the Italian population, N = 1,169), we performed a longitudinal analysis structured into three waves (January 2003, September 2004, and January 2005). A moderated regression analysis showed that RWA increased from 2003 to 2005 as a function of perceived societal threat to safety more among low‐ than among high RWA scorers. In experimental Study 2 (Italian university students, N = 131) a moderated mediation model showed loss of perceived control to mediate the relation between societal threat to safety and the increase in RWA, but among low authoritarians only. Limitations, implications, and possible developments of this research are discussed.
Hypoxia and bicarbonate could limit the expression of iron acquisition genes in Strategy I plants by affecting ethylene synthesis and signaling in different ways
Authors: García María J. , García‐Mateo María J. , Lucena Carlos , Romera Francisco J. , Rojas Carmen L. , Alcántara Esteban , Pérez‐Vicente Rafael
Published: June 2013

In a previous work, it was shown that bicarbonate (one of the most important factors causing Fe chlorosis in Strategy I plants) can limit the expression of several genes involved in Fe acquisition. Hypoxia is considered another important factor causing Fe chlorosis, mainly on calcareous soils. However, to date it is not known whether hypoxia aggravates Fe chlorosis by affecting bicarbonate concentration or by specific negative effects on Fe acquisition. Results found in this work show that hypoxia, generated by eliminating the aeration of the nutrient solution, can limit the expression of several Fe acquisition genes in Fe‐deficient Arabidopsis, cucumber and pea plants, like the genes for ferric reductases AtFRO2, PsFRO1 and CsFRO1; iron transporters AtIRT1, PsRIT1 and CsIRT1; H+‐ATPase CsHA1; and transcription factors AtFIT, AtbHLH38, and AtbHLH39. Interestingly, the limitation of the expression of Fe‐acquisition genes by hypoxia did not occur in the Arabidopsis ethylene constitutive mutant ctr1, which suggests that the negative effect of hypoxia is related to ethylene, an hormone involved in the upregulation of Fe acquisition genes. As for hypoxia, results obtained by applying bicarbonate to the nutrient solution suggests that ethylene is also involved in its negative effect, since ACC (1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid; ethylene precursor) partially reversed the negative effect of bicarbonate on the expression of Fe acquisition genes. Taken together, the results obtained show that hypoxia and bicarbonate could induce Fe chlorosis by limiting the expression of Fe acquisition genes, probably because each factor negatively affects different steps of ethylene synthesis and/or signaling.
A Systematic Review of Comparative Studies of Attitudes to Social Policy
Authors: Sundberg Trude , Taylor‐Gooby Peter
Published: June 2013

Systematic review (SR) is often promoted as a ‘best practice’ method to inform both policy‐making and policy‐evaluation in social policy in the light of the ever‐growing volume of research. This article considers an innovative use of the method to advance and refine academic knowledge and illustrates this through a small‐scale study of the literature on attitudes to welfare. SR relies on rapid, structured searches of large quantities of material. However, the method has encountered criticism. The article calls for a greater degree of reflection in terms of possible bias in SRs. A pilot using tools from SR methodology to survey attitudes towards social policy is used to demonstrate the problems. These include the US bias of major databases, and weaker reporting of book publications than of articles. SR may help to advance knowledge in social policy, but researchers need to be aware of its weaknesses and possible biases.
Obstacles to Evidence‐based Policy‐making in the EU Enlargement Countries: The Case of Skills Policies
Authors: Bartlett Will
Published: June 2013

The global economic crisis has had a significant impact on the EU enlargement region by reducing inflows of external finance. Unemployment has increased in a context of already high long‐term and youth unemployment. As governments seek to restrict their budget deficits there will be little scope for much increase in government expenditure in the near future. These effects of the crisis highlight the need for better policy‐making in the region, drawing on better understanding of the causes of economic and social problems, better appreciation of the range of policy options and their relative chances of success or failure. However, there is a substantial knowledge gap that can only be filled by well‐designed research studies based on research questions that are relevant to the needs of policymakers. In this context, evidence‐based policy‐making techniques have a valuable role to play in improving the policy process. This article points out the specific nature of the policy process in transition countries and the difficulties of formulating rational policy during periods of rapid structural change in which the administrations have become politicized and state capture by big business interests is common. In addition, pervasive policy transfer, often of a coercive nature, is an additional constraint on rational policy‐making. The conflicting advice received from multiple donors and external advisers provides an incentive for playing the system and producing inconsistent policy formulas. The article concludes that there is significant scope for improvement in policy‐making through the use of evidence‐based policy‐making techniques. Governments should, therefore, encourage the use of systematic review and ex‐post evaluation of policy programmes and analysis of natural experiments where possible, while at the same time maintain a realistic awareness of the dangers and distorting effects of the influence of advocacy coalitions, state capture and partyisation of economies.
Genome‐wide characterization and expression analysis of genetic variants in sweet orange
Authors: Jiao Wen‐Biao , Huang Ding , Xing Feng , Hu Yibo , Deng Xiu‐Xin , Xu Qiang , Chen Ling‐Ling
Published: June 2013

Heterozyosity is an important feature of many plant genomes, and is related to heterosis. Sweet orange, a highly heterozygous species, is thought to have originated from an inter‐species hybrid between pummelo and mandarin. To investigate the heterozygosity of the sweet orange genome and examine how this heterozygosity affects gene expression, we characterized the genome of Valencia orange for single nucleotide variations (SNVs), small insertions and deletions (InDels) and structural variations (SVs), and determined their functional effects on protein‐coding genes and non‐coding sequences. Almost half of the genes containing large‐effect SNVs and InDels were expressed in a tissue‐specific manner. We identified 3542 large SVs (>50 bp), including deletions, insertions and inversions. Most of the 296 genes located in large‐deletion regions showed low expression levels. RNA‐Seq reads and DNA sequencing reads revealed that the alleles of 1062 genes were differentially expressed. In addition, we detected approximately 42 Mb of contigs that were not found in the reference genome of a haploid sweet orange by de novo assembly of unmapped reads, and annotated 134 protein‐coding genes within these contigs. We discuss how this heterozygosity affects the quality of genome assembly. This study advances our understanding of the genome architecture of sweet orange, and provides a global view of gene expression at heterozygous loci.
An in vivo expression system for the identification of cargo proteins of vacuolar sorting receptors in Arabidopsis culture cells
Authors: Shen Jinbo , Suen Pui Kit , Wang Xiangfeng , Lin Youshun , Lo Sze Wan , Rojo Enrique , Jiang Liwen
Published: June 2013

Vacuolar sorting receptors (VSRs) are type I integral membrane family proteins that in plant cells are thought to recognize cargo proteins at the late Golgi or trans‐Golgi network (TGN) for vacuolar transport via the pre‐vacuolar compartment (PVC). However, little is known about VSR cargo proteins in plants. Here we developed and tested an in vivo expression system for the identification of VSR cargos which is based on the premise that the expressed N‐terminus of VSRs will be secreted into the culture medium along with their corresponding cargo proteins. Indeed, transgenic Arabidopsis culture cell lines expressing VSR N‐terminal binding domains (VSRNTs) were shown to secrete truncated VSRs (BP80NT, AtVSR1NT and AtVSR4NT) with attached cargo molecules into the culture medium. Putative cargo proteins were identified through mass spectrometry. Several identified cargo proteins were confirmed by localization studies and interaction analysis with VSRs. The screening strategy described here should be applicable to all VSRs and will help identify and study cargo proteins for individual VSR proteins. This method should be useful for both cargo identification and protein–protein interaction in vivo.
Convergence of Inflationary Shocks: Evidence from the Caribbean
Authors: Cuestas Juan Carlos , Ramlogan‐Dobson Carlyn
Published: June 2013

In this paper, we aim to shed some light on the inflation dynamics in the Caribbean. We analyse the inflation rates for twelve countries using various time series methods. The results show that the inflation rates are mean reverting processes and that there is evidence of a convergence club in inflation rates within the area, which contradicts previous studies. Our contribution implies a high degree of similarity in the dynamics of our target countries' inflation rates.
Physical Activity Text Messaging Interventions in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Buchholz Susan Weber , Wilbur JoEllen , Ingram Diana , Fogg Louis
Published: June 2013

Background

Physical inactivity is a leading health risk factor for mortality worldwide. Researchers are examining innovative techniques including the use of mobile technology to promote physical activity. One such technology, text messaging, is emerging internationally as a method to communicate with and motivate individuals to engage in healthy behaviors, including physical activity.

Aim

Review the existing scientific literature on adult physical activity text messaging interventions.

Methods

This systematic review examined research papers that addressed physical activity text messaging intervention studies in adults. Using multiple databases, the search strategy included published English language studies through October 1, 2011. An author‐developed data collection tool was used independently by two reviewers to extract and examine the selected study variables.

Results

The initial search resulted in the identification of 200 publications. Eleven publications representing 10 studies were included in the final review. Studies were conducted in seven countries with over half the studies being randomized controlled trials. Participants of the studies were predominantly young to middle aged women. Physical activity data were mainly obtained by self‐report although three studies used pedometers or accelerometers. Interventions ranged from only sending out text messages to combining text messages with educational materials, staff support, and/or Internet technology. Minimal information was given regarding development or number of text messages used. The median effect size for the studies was 0.50.

Conclusions

To date, using text messaging as a method to promote physical activity has only been studied by a small group of researchers. Current physical activity text messaging literature is characterized by small sample sizes, heterogeneous but positive effect sizes, and a lack of specificity as to the development of the text messages used in these studies. Further research in this area is imperative to facilitate the expansion of mobile technology to promote physical activity.
Stagnation Flow on a Heated Vertical Plate With Surface Slip
Authors: Wang C. Y. , Ng Chiu-On
Published: June 2013

Two problems of stagnation flow on a uniformly heated surface with slip and temperature jump are solved in this paper with an exact similarity method. In the first problem, an axially symmetric stagnation flow impinging on a uniformly heated vertical flat surface is considered, and in the second problem, an inclined, two-dimensional stagnation flow impinging on the vertical surface is examined. It is shown that the surface slip can have a significant effect on the flow and the heat transfer in the two problems.
Uncertainty Propagation in the Band Gap Structure of a 1D Array of Magnetically Coupled Oscillators
Authors: Bernard Brian P. , Owens Benjamin A. M. , Mann Brian P.
Published: June 2013

The propagation constant technique has previously been used to predict band gap regions in linear oscillator chains by solving an eigenvalue problem for frequency in terms of a wave number. This paper describes a method by which selected design parameters can be separated from the eigenvalue problem, allowing standard uncertainty propagation techniques to provide closed form solutions for the uncertainty in frequency. Examples are provided for different types of measurement or environmental uncertainty showing the varying robustness of a band gap region to changes in parameters of the same or different order. The system studied in this paper is comprised of repelling magnetic oscillators using a dipole model. Numerical simulation has been performed to confirm the accuracy of analytical solutions up to a certain level of base excitation amplitude after which nonlinear effects change the predicted band gap regions to low energy chaos.
Thermally Developing Single-Phase Flows in Microtubes
Authors: Özdemir Mehmed Rafet , Koşar Ali
Published: June 2013

The pressure drop and heat transfer due to the flow of de-ionized water at high mass fluxes in microtubes of ∼ 254 μm and ∼ 685 μm inner diameters is investigated in the laminar, transition and the turbulent flow regimes. The flow is hydrodynamically fully developed and thermally developing. The experimental friction factors and heat transfer coefficients are respectively predicted to within ±20% and ±30% by existing open literature correlations. Higher single phase heat transfer coefficients were obtained with increasing mass fluxes, which is motivating to operate at high mass fluxes and under thermally developing flow conditions. The transition to turbulent flow and friction factors for both laminar and turbulent conditions were found to be in agreement with existing theory. A reasonable agreement was present between experimental results and theoretical predictions recommended for convective heat transfer in thermally developing flows.
Stepwise Evolution of Essential Centromere Function in a
Drosophila
Neogene
Authors: Ross Benjamin D. , Rosin Leah , Thomae Andreas W. , Hiatt Mary Alice , Vermaak Danielle , de la Cruz Aida Flor A. , Imhof Axel , Mellone Barbara G. , Malik Harmit S.
Published: June 2013

Essential Novelty

The evolution of essential function for newly originated genes presents a conundrum, in that prior to the gene's origin either the essential function was absent or else performed by another gene or set of genes. In order to better understand how new genes acquire essential function,

Ross
et al.

(p.
1211
) investigated the origin of the
Drosophila
gene
Umbrea. Umbrea
became an essential protein in certain
Drosophila
species through the gain of localization at the centromere and a role in chromosome segregation.
Space Partitioning Without Territoriality in Gannets
Authors: Wakefield Ewan D. , Bodey Thomas W. , Bearhop Stuart , Blackburn Jez , Colhoun Kendrew , Davies Rachel , Dwyer Ross G. , Green Jonathan A. , Grémillet David , Jackson Andrew L. , Jessopp Mark J. , Kane Adam , Langston Rowena H. W. , Lescroël Amélie , Murray Stuart , Le Nuz Mélanie , Patrick Samantha C. , Péron Clara , Soanes Louise M. , Wanless Sarah , Votier Stephen C. , Hamer Keith C.
Published: June 2013

This Is the Place

Bats, bees, seals, and many seabirds practice central-place foraging, leaving a central home site, such as a hive or a rookery, to forage in a specific territory. Such species also share the challenge of competing for local resources with individuals from separate colonies. Using satellite tags,

Wakefield
et al.

(p.
68
, published online 6 June; see the Perspective by

Weimerskirch

) followed over 180 northern gannets to determine potential drivers of foraging territory division. Boundaries among colonial territories arose as a result of competition with individuals from other territories. Individuals from the same colony appeared to share information about foraging sites, presumably contributing to the establishment and maintenance of specific, long-term colonial territories.
A Trap for Planet Formation
Authors: Armitage Philip J.
Published: June 2013

The detection of a pocket of trapped particles may provide a hint to understanding the mechanism of planet formation.

[Also see Report by

van der Marel
et al.

]
Interfacing Atoms and Light—The Smaller the Stronger
Authors: Keller Matthias
Published: June 2013

The strong interaction of neutral atoms with photons in a waveguide cavity may provide a way to create quantum information networks.

[Also see Report by

Thompson
et al.

]
What the Bomb Said About the Brain
Authors: Kempermann Gerd
Published: June 2013

A retrospective carbon dating approach proves that there is substantial production of new neurons in the adult human brain throughout life.
Fading Academy Stakes Future on Reforming President
Authors: Pokrovsky Vladimir , Clery Daniel
Published: June 2013

Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences voted for change last week when they replaced conservative Yuri Osipov with reformer Vladimir Fortov.
Fluorescent Probes and Digital Imaging: Where We Are and Where We're Going
Authors: Waggoner Alan , Moerner W. E. , Bruchez Marcel
Published: June 2013

The discovery of green fluorescent protein a half century ago heralded a new and explosive era in microscopy, forever changing the landscape for biology imaging. The ability to fuse a genetically encoded fluorescent probe to an almost-unlimited variety of proteins has enabled scientists to investigate signaling pathways and the movement of intracellular proteins in living cells with unprecedented detail, particularly when coupled with powerful widefield fluorescence and confocal microscopy techniques. Today, using the expanded selection of probes now available, researchers can even monitor multiple proteins simultaneously, in real time. This webinar will investigate how fluorescent protein probes are currently being utilized for live cell imaging, with a focus on applications in cancer research and where newly developed probes might take us in the near future.
First Report of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter nosocomialis Isolates Harboring IS
Aba
1-
bla
OXA-23
Genes in Latin America
Authors: Teixeira Aline Borges , Martins Andreza Francisco , Barin Juliana , Hermes Djuli Milene , Pitt Caroline Pormann , Barth Afonso Luis
Published: June 2013

In recent years, different resistance genes have been found in
Acinetobacter
spp., especially in the species
A. baumannii
. We describe two isolates of carbapenem-resistant
A. nosocomialis
harboring IS
Aba
1-
bla
OXA-23
and
bla
OXA-51
found in patients from the city of Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of carbapenem-resistant
A. nosocomialis
in Latin America.
Cat Scratch Disease Caused by Bartonella grahamii in an Immunocompromised Patient
Authors: Oksi Jarmo , Rantala Sari , Kilpinen Sanna , Silvennoinen Raija , Vornanen Martine , Veikkolainen Ville , Eerola Erkki , Pulliainen Arto Tapio
Published: June 2013

Bartonella grahamii
colonizes rodents worldwide and has been detected in questing
Ixodes ricinus
ticks. Here, the first human
B. grahamii
infection confirmed by multilocus sequence typing is reported. The route of transmission and clinical picture of the patient are similar to those seen in patients with cat scratch disease, which is typically diagnosed as a
Bartonella henselae
infection.
Thiouracil Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry: a Cell-Based Method To Identify Host Factors Involved in Viral Amplification
Authors: Lenarcic Erik M. , Landry Dori M. , Greco Todd M. , Cristea Ileana M. , Thompson Sunnie R.
Published: June 2013

Eukaryotic RNA viruses are known to utilize host factors; however, the identity of these factors and their role in the virus life cycle remain largely undefined. Here, we report a method to identify proteins bound to the viral RNA during amplification in cell culture: thiouracil cross-linking mass spectrometry (TUX-MS). TUX-MS relies on incorporation of a zero-distance cross-linker into the viral RNA during infection. Proteins bound to viral RNA are cross-linked prior to cell lysis, purified, and identified using mass spectrometry. Using the TUX-MS method, an unbiased screen for poliovirus (PV) host factors was conducted. All host and viral proteins that are known to interact with the poliovirus RNA were identified. In addition, TUX-MS identified an additional 66 host proteins that have not been previously described in poliovirus amplification. From these candidates, eight were selected and validated. Furthermore, we demonstrate that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of two of these uncharacterized host factors results in either a decrease in copy number of positive-stranded RNA or a decrease in PV translation. These data demonstrate that TUX-MS is a robust, unbiased method to identify previously unknown host cell factors that influence virus growth. This method is broadly applicable to a range of RNA viruses, such as flaviviruses, alphaviruses, picornaviruses, bunyaviruses, and coronaviruses.
Mutational Analysis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Myovirus ϕKZ Morphogenetic Protease gp175
Authors: Thomas Julie A. , Black Lindsay W.
Published: June 2013

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
myovirus ϕKZ has a 270-kb genome within a T=27 icosahedral capsid that contains a large, unusual, and structurally well-defined protein cylindrical inner body (IB) spanning its interior. Proteolysis forms a pivotal stage in ϕKZ head and IB morphogenesis, with the protease gp175 cleaving at least 19 of 49 different head proteins, including the major capsid protein and five major structural IB proteins. Here we show that the purified mature form of gp175 is active and cleaves purified IB structural proteins gp93 and gp89. Expression vector synthesis and purification of the zymogen/precursor yielded an active, mature-length protease, showing independent C-terminal gp175 self-cleavage autoactivation. Mutation of either the predicted catalytic serine or histidine inactivated mature gp175, supporting its classification as a serine protease and representing the first such direct biochemical demonstration with purified protease and substrate proteins for any phage protease. These mutations also blocked self-cleavage of the precursor while allowing intermolecular gp175 processing. To confirm the cleavage specificity of gp175, we mutated three cleavage sites in gp93, which blocked proteolysis at these sites. The N-terminal propeptide of gp93 was shown to undergo more extensive proteolysis than previously identified. We found that proteolysis in gp93 progressed from the N to C terminus, while blocking cleavage sites slowed but did not eliminate downstream proteolysis. These findings were shown by informatics to be relevant to the head morphogenesis of numbers of other related IB-containing giant phages as well as to T4 and herpesviruses, which have homologous proteases.
A case series of patients on chemotherapy with dyspnoea and pulmonary infiltrates
Authors: Ullah Khalil , O'Reilly Aine , Power Derek G , O'Connor Terence M
Published: June 2013

Clinicians often assume that patients who develop pulmonary symptoms and radiographic infiltrates while receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy have opportunistic pulmonary infection or chemotherapy-related interstitial lung disease. We describe two cases of rare complications of commonly used chemotherapeutic agents (gemcitabine-induced eosinophilic pneumonia and rituximab-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis) that vindicate this assumption but a third case of scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease that became clinically manifest in a patient who was receiving chemotherapy. The latter case highlights the need for vigilance for other causes of interstitial lung disease in patients receiving chemotherapy.
Unilateral movement disorder as a presenting sign of paediatric post-varicella angiopathy
Authors: Bulder Marcel M M , Houten Robert ten , Klijn Catharina J M , Braun Kees P J
Published: June 2013

Diagnosing ischaemic stroke in children is often difficult. Post-varicella angiopathy (PVA) is a well-recognised and frequent cause of childhood ischaemic stroke, particularly affecting the basal ganglia. When a previously healthy child presents with unilateral abnormal involuntary movements, cerebral infarction should be included in the differential diagnosis and PVA should be considered, even when there is no recent history of rash and cerebrospinal fluid is normal. Medical history and intracranial vascular imaging are important for early diagnosis and treatment.
A regenerative approach towards mucosal fenestration closure
Authors: Gandi Padma , Anumala Naveen , Reddy Amarender , Viswa Chandra Rampalli
Published: June 2013

Mucosal fenestration is an opening or an interstice through the oral mucosa. A lesion which occurs with greater frequency than generally realised, its occurrence is attributed to a myriad of causes. Mucogingival procedures including connective tissue grafts, free gingival grafts and lateral pedicle grafts are generally considered to be the treatment of choice in the closure of a mucosal fenestration. More often, these procedures are performed in conjunction with other procedures such as periradicular surgery and with bone grafts. However, the concomitant use of gingival grafts and bone grafts in mucosal fenestrations secondary to infections in sites exhibiting severe bone loss is highly debatable. In this article, we report two cases of mucosal fenestrations secondary to trauma and their management by regenerative periodontal surgery with the placement of guided tissue regeneration membrane and bone graft. The final outcome was a complete closure of the fenestration in both the cases.
Fatal re-expansion pulmonary edema in a young adult following tube thoracostomy for spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Sharma Sunil , Madan Karan , Singh Navneet
Published: June 2013

Re-expansion pulmonary edema (RPE) is a rare but potentially fatal complication that can occur following rapid lung expansion while managing patients with pleural effusion or pneumothorax. In this case, fatal outcome occurred due to RPE in a previously healthy young adult male patient subsequent to tube thoracostomy for spontaneous pneumothorax. While managing patients with pneumothorax or large pleural effusions, precautions should be taken to avoid rapid re-expansion of the previously collapsed lung in order to reduce the probability of development of this complication.
Reconstruction of f(T) and f(R) gravity according to (m, n)-type holographic dark energy
Authors: Farooq M. Umar , Jamil Mubasher , Momeni Davood , Myrzakulov Ratbay
Published: June 2013

Motivated by earlier works (Wu and Zhu. Phys. Lett. B, 660, 293 (2008); Daouda et al. Eur. Phys. J. C, 72, 1893 (2012)), we extend them by considering a newly proposed model of (m, n)-type holographic dark energy in f(R) and f(T) gravity theories, where R and T represent Ricci scalar and torsion scalar respectively. Specifically, we reconstruct the two later gravity models and discuss their viability and cosmography. The obtained gravity models are free from ghosts, consistent with local solar system tests, and describe effective positive gravitational constant.
THE ABSORPTION AND CONDUCTIVITY FOR MICROSTRUCTURED SILICON IN THE IMPURITY-DEFECT MODEL
Authors: HUANG HAI , LI JIANGHUA
Published: June 2013

In this paper, a model for the optical absorption and carrier concentration in microstructured silicon is presented based on Gaussian energy distribution of defect and impurity, as well as the Boltzmann distribution of carriers. The parameters of the impurity and defect model contributing to the absorption and carrier concentration are investigated. The simulation results show that the absorption in the single level impurity-defect model ranges from 64% to 68%; larger than that in the single level impurity model (55%–65%); as well as that in the defect model (50%–66%). It also indicates that the absorption increases with bigger correlation energy (U) and the best bandwidth (d) is 0.92 eV. However, the carrier concentration gets stronger with bigger bandwidth, smaller correlation energy and higher temperature. Thus, these calculations would play an important role in the applications of microstructured silicon.