bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceived Barriers for Employment in Tourism Industry Among Rural Communities
Authors: Wijesundara Shamila Rasanjani , Ranasinghe Ruwan
Published: November 2018

Present Tourism Strategy focuses on increasing tourism related employment in Sri Lanka. It is difficult to attract entry level employees to tourism industry given many reasons. This study aims identifying barriers for potential employment for people in rural areas and it will facilitate human resource builders in tourism industry. As a rural area with pool of job seekers, Kotmale was selected for this study. The sample size has been determined by using stratified sampling method and convenience sampling method was used to select respondents. Primary data collected through a pre-tested structured questionnaire and secondary data were used for the study. Mixed methodology was employed to analyze data. The results revealed social considerations, recruitment process, skills development, progression pathways, cultural barriers and lack of infrastructure facilities are significant barriers for tourism employment in rural areas. It is recommended to address the above to make tourism employment attractive for rural job seekers.
Sustainable Entrepreneurship Development in the Accommodation Sector
Authors: Presenza Angelo , Camillo Angelo A. , Camillo Isabell C.
Published: November 2018

This paper investigates the concept of “Albergo Diffuso” - a new form of sustainable development within the tourism and lodging industry. The authors analyze its main characteristics and discuss its future development and sustainability practices. The analysis includes an assessment of the Albergo Diffuso concept with that of a standard hotel to determine if and how this emergent concept differs from the conventional accommodation by looking at its distinctive features. A data collection through structured interviews with Albergo Diffuso owners in a focus group setting was conducted. Overall, the authors identified the main characteristics of the Albergo Diffuso: it offers similar and unique amenities of a typical hotel brand, it contributes to the creation of new sustainable enterprises, and it contributes to the development of new sustainability policy for marginal regions. They also evaluated the challenges and opportunities this new entrepreneurial concept faces.
Enhancing Women's Economic Empowerment Through Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aloulou Wassim J.
Published: November 2018

This chapter aims, first, to explore the state of the art of women's economic empowerment as a challenging research inquiry that needs a real investigation and to explore the different mechanisms of entrepreneurship development for women. It presents, then, the evidence of how Saudi women are economically empowered and how their potential is unleashed and sparked through entrepreneurship mechanisms. This chapter is based on a literature review on women's economic empowerment and entrepreneurship and a desk research involving the collection and analysis of already available information in the country. It introduces a needed ecosystem for Saudi women's economic empowerment and highlights some main empirical evidence from selected initiatives. Moreover, the recommendation that this chapter advances would be helpful to the practitioners, researchers, planners, and policymakers who are involved in the concerned area. Further, it tries to contribute to the literature of economic empowering of women through entrepreneurship in an emerging economy.
Reframing Diversity in Management
Authors: De León Ashanti , Ozuem Wilson , Okoya Jummy
Published: November 2018

The development of new corporate governance codes calls for boardroom and top management diversity. Nonetheless, a lack of diversity in organisations is a worldwide situation that may vary from one country to another. This suggests that rather than relying upon established economies as a guideline, a more rounded understanding may emerge from studies that also explore a wider range of countries. This chapter examines the varieties of top management diversities, particularly the barriers and challenges women faces in management positions. It considers the grounds for an integrated approach to under-representation of women in upper rank positions, and explicates concerted efforts to improve board room diversity.
Work-Life Balance
Authors: Pasamar Susana , López-Fernández Macarena
Published: November 2018

This chapter explores the role of human resource managers in work-life balance, analysing the evolution of women's role in society and in the labour market. The existence of different barriers that keep women far of managerial positions is pointed out, as well as the factors that could explain why this glass ceiling is still present. Human resource managers play an important role as agents responsible for the profitability and growth of the organization, but also as victims of work-family conflict of their own and as important actors in implementation of family-supportive policies designed to alleviate this conflict. Their perceptions about the positive and negative outcomes related to Work-life balance will be analised in this chapter.
Engaging Men in Women's Economic Empowerment in Butiama District, Mara Region, Tanzania
Authors: Sikira A. N. , Matekere T. , Urassa J. K.
Published: November 2018

The chapter addresses women's income poverty using men as active participants in empowering women economically. Butiama district was used as a study area, using 120 women and their husbands who were beneficiaries of the programme dealing with loan provision. As an outcome of the study, men had little participation in women's economic activities, hence, women's economic empowerment was at medium level. Unlike men, women's income was used for fulfilling basic needs of the family, therefore, had little impact on their economic empowerment. By conclusion, men as decision makers have high impact on women's economic empowerment. It is recommended that, awareness creation among men would enhance their participation in empowering women. Improvement of women's access to and control over production resources would improve their income. It is recommended that lobbying and advocacy approaches should be applied to enable women's control over the production resources.
Economic Empowerment of Women in Pakistan
Authors: Idris Sofia
Published: November 2018

This chapter gives an account of the situation on the status of women in Pakistan. It studies the various steps taken by the Government of Pakistan to empower the women. It also studies the various ways to empower women in Pakistan. The chapter only studies the empowerment of women in economic sphere due to the limited time and resources of the author. Moreover, the chapter focuses on the problems of women to participate in economic affairs, the hindrances in achieving economic uplift/empowerment and equality of women in Pakistan and the existing laws and policies of the government regarding women's empowerment and their implementation. Furthermore, it gives a brief comparison of women's economic empowerment with the neighboring countries, India and Bangladesh as these countries have a similar institutional structure as Pakistan. It then seeks to learn from the successful examples of the countries mentioned regarding the matter.
“Female Charm”
Authors: Costa Carlos , Breda Zélia , Bakas Fiona Eva , Durão Marília , Pinho Isabel
Published: November 2018

A significant challenge faced by the tourism and hospitality industries in a rapidly changing world, is the ability to sustain organisational growth. Some of the main strategies for achieving organisational growth are those related to innovation, internationalisation and networking. Addressing tourism studies' contemporary shift to a focus on social influences, this study investigates the relations between gender and organisational growth. Qualitative analysis of focus groups with managers from the seven administrative regions in Portugal provides an in-depth account of tourism and gender issues based on empirical evidence. Viewing the ways in which tourism managers contribute to organisational growth through the angle of gender, this chapter provides a compelling account of the delicate and often invisible interactions between economic and social transactions. Results illustrate how women as a labour source are paradoxically viewed as both an asset and an impediment to organisational growth strategies.
Is Gender Equality a Reality After a Change in the Political Agenda?
Authors: Calvo Nuria , Bastida Maria , Feás Jacobo
Published: November 2018

After a decade of meaningful advances in legal framework, education and political agendas, gender equality should be a reality in Spain. However, something is not working in the Spanish industry, compared to other European countries. In this chapter we analyse some organizational dynamics that allows understand why the situation of inequality of women managers for gender reasons persists in spite of the positive discrimination measures recommended by the legislative framework. A new translation between the political and the economical language is necessary in order to get a change of behaviour in the industry. This analysis has allowed a proposal of a bunch of measures that allow organisations to exploit all their managerial talent, independently of whether this talent is owned by men or women.
Gender Differences in Motivations to Use Social Networking Sites
Authors: Noguti Valeria , Singh Sonika , Waller David S.
Published: November 2018

This chapter investigates gender differences in motivations to use social networking sites (SNS), a subset of social media. The present research focuses on Facebook given its prominence among currently available SNS. Analysing a survey of university students in Australia, the results indicate that female consumers are more likely than male consumers to use Facebook to seek information (to research and learn new things and to discuss products and brands) and for convenience (to obtain things with little effort). Both of these reasons in turn relate positively to their degree of engagement on Facebook, where engagement is operationalized as cognitive absorption which is a state of deep involvement with an activity.
Tentative Optimum Proportion of Supplementary Cementitious Materials in Blended Cement to Perform Better under Tannery Wastewater
Authors: Samrose Samina , Anzum Saifa , Mahmud Samira , Manzur Tanvir
Published: November 2018

The present research studies the compressive strength of cement mortar cubes prepared from different proportions of supplementary cementitious materials (Fly Ash and Slag) in blended cement. This research aims to find the tentative optimum composition of supplementary cementitious material that shows better performance under tannery wastewater condition, such as that in effluent treatment plants. Synthetic tannery wastewater was simulated in laboratory after collecting wastewater sample from local tannery industry. Eight types of cement compositions (varying supplementary materials proportions) have been chosen. Compressive strength test has been conducted on mortar cubes over a period of three months. Test results revealed that slag addition had shown significantly stronger effects than that of fly ash addition. Also, the combined effect of fly ash and slag and their order of variation on strength were studied. The observations made from this research will be helpful for selection of blended cement proportions in future structures exposed to similar severe conditions.
Frequency Selective Surface for Infrared Transmission Suppression at Atmospheric Window
Authors: Chen Xiao Li , Tian Chang Hui , Che Zhi Xin
Published: November 2018

A double screen infrared frequency selective surface (FSS) with dual transmission stopbands was proposed and numerically investigated. Simulation results show that the infrared transmittance of the structure is lower than 10% in mid-infrared band (3~5 μm) and far-infrared band (8 ~14 μm).This structure is polarization insensitive to the incident electromagnetic waves. For a wide range of incident angles from 0° to 60°, the infrared transmittance of the structure is still lower than 25% in the band of interest. Compared with black body, the radiation ratio of structure is lower in the MWIR and LWIR ranges. The structure provide the potential applications for infrared stealth.
An Infrared Frequency Selective Surface with Dual Stopband
Authors: Wang Ke Xin , Wang Bin Ke
Published: November 2018

In order to get the low transmission rate in both mid infrared atmospheric window and far infrared atmospheric window, an infrared frequency selective surface composed of two layers based on hexagonal ring structure was designed. Simulation analysis using CST electromagnetic software shown that the frequency selective surface had two stopbands in both 3μm~5μm and 8μm~15μm regions, of which the average transmittance is lower than 2.5%. Therefore, this frequency selective surface realized two stopbands in infrared wavebands; This paper analyzed the filtering mechanism of the frequency selective surface based on the effective medium theory. In the end, this paper researched the effect of electromagnetic wave polarization mode, incident angle and dielectric layer thickness on the transmission properties of the frequency selective surface. The results revealed that the transmission of frequency selective surface is insensitive to polarization mode and incident angle, while the dielectric layer thickness is an important factor to the transmittance of frequency selective surface.
Documenting successful recruitment of monarch butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) at the extreme northern edge of their range
Authors: Flockhart D.T. Tyler , Acorn John H. , Hobson Keith A. , Norris D. Ryan
Published: November 2018

Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)) in eastern North America migrate each year from overwintering areas in Mexico to cover a large breeding distribution across the United States of America and southern Canada. In 2012, monarch butterflies migrated well beyond their usual range, resulting in an extended breeding distribution compared to typical years. We used stable isotope (δ2H, δ13C) measurements in wing chitin to determine the area of natal origin of these butterflies. Most monarch butterflies collected in May, June, and July from Manitoba and Alberta, Canada had natal origins in the North American Midwest. Monarch butterflies collected in Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada in August and September had local natal origins indicating successful recruitment of offspring from colonising individuals. However, it is unknown whether these offspring migrated successfully to overwintering areas. Our work highlights the ability of monarch butterflies to colonise distant breeding areas and demonstrates how stable isotopes can be used to understand the dynamics of range-edge populations.
Die onvergeeflike sonde
Authors: Van Rensburg S.P.J.J.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
POSTILLE 14 & 15, Boekencentrum’s-Gravenhage, 1962 en 1963.
Authors: Van Zyl F.J.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Sieg des Glaubens. Grundlinien der Theologie Luthers, Vandenhoeck en Ruprecht, Göttingen 1964
Authors: Pont A.D.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available
Aantekeninge rondom die amps-opdrag van die diaken
Authors: Pont A.D.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Boekbespreking
Authors: Loader J.A. , Pelser G.M.M. , Viljoen C.J. , Booysen D.J. , Dreyer P.S.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Pastorale sielkunde
Authors: Jonker J.P.L.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Pastoraat in mediese konteks
Authors: Bam G.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Suid-Afrikaanse kerkgeskiedenis 1957–1982
Authors: Botha S.J.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Kriteria vir die kerklied
Authors: Van Wyk D.J.C.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Die kerk se pastorale taak ten opsigte van die moderne stadsmens
Authors: Wagenaar J.P.J.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Kerk en stad
Authors: Oosthuizen A.J.G.
Published: November 2018

No abstract available.
Peroxidase from green zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) immobilized on natural polymers removes phenolic compounds from water samples
Authors: Silva Thâmara Machado e , Santos Aline Rodrigues dos , Caramori Samantha Salomão
Published: November 2018

Phenolic compounds occur in effluents from a wide variety of industrial operations, and they present toxicity and generate environmental problems. The treatment of these wastes via enzyme immobilization indicates that peroxidase (E.C.1.11.1.7) is the enzyme with the widest application. In the same process, biodegradable polymers have generated significant interest from research and industrial communities. Here we applied biopolymers from sugarcane bagasse (SB) and Cerrado cashew-tree polysaccharide (PEJU-GO) as supports for peroxidase immobilization from crude green zucchini extract via physical adsorption and covalent bonding. In addition, we used these systems in the removal of phenols from industrial effluents. Electron microscopy showed a fibrous surface for SB and a microporous material for PEJU-GO, characteristics that facilitate the immobilization. The infrared of both materials elucidated characteristic bands of sugars. For operational stability after 30 days of storage, the immobilized peroxidase retained 69 and 50% activity for SB and PEJU-GO, respectively. The systems were able to remove up to 79% of phenolics from industrial wastes. Therefore, the biopolymers from sugarcane bagasse and cashew-tree polysaccharide are promising sources for biotechnology, especially when used for peroxidase immobilization. This will support enzymatic activity in laboratory practice, with homogeneous behavior in different pH conditions, at low cost, biodegradable, non-toxic and extracted in a sustainable way.
Quality of the water fluoridation and municipal-level indicators in a Brazilian metropolitan region
Authors: Belotti Lorrayne , Frazão Paulo , Esposti Carolina Dutra Degli , Cury Jaime Aparecido , Santos Neto Edson Theodoro dos , Pacheco Karina Tonini dos Santos
Published: November 2018

This study explored the relationship between water fluoridation quality and development indicators at municipal level. In addition, fluoride concentrations found were classified based on two criteria for interpreting the samples. A cross-sectional ecological exploratory study was carried out including all municipalities of the metropolitan region of Great Vitória, ES, Brazil. From May to October 2016, 648 samples of water were collected covering water treatment plants responsible for more than 80% of the population of each municipality. The fluoride concentration of each sample was determined using ion-specific electrode and the results were classified according to the federal act and the criterion proposed by the Collaborating Center of the Brazilian Ministry of Health for Oral Health Surveillance. The outcome was the rate of values included in the optimal concentration interval and the independent variables were municipal-level indicators related to demographics, economics, sanitation, health conditions and human development characteristics. The Spearman test and Kappa statistic were used in the analysis. The percentage of samples presenting optimal fluoride concentration ranged from 68.1 to 81.4%, considering the two criteria used. The Kappa statistic between the criteria was 0.671 (p-value = 0.001). Human development, average coverage of supervised toothbrushing, and total population showed a strong positive correlation with the quality of fluoridation while infant mortality and tooth-extraction/dental procedures ratio showed a strong negative correlation. The plausibility of observed correlations encourages further investigations of potential causes.
Factors Associated with Dengue Virus Infection and Reinfection in Asymptomatic Children in Two Colombian Municipalities
Authors: Castro-Bonilla Lorena , Coronel-Ruiz Carolina , Parra-Alvarez Shirly , Castellanos Jaime E. , Porras-Ramírez Alexandra , Velandia-Romero Myriam L.
Published: November 2018

Dengue is the most important arbovirosis in the world. In this study, we assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding dengue in parents from two small Colombian municipalities in the Cundinamarca Province. Parents and their healthy children from 4 to 14 years of age were included in some public elementary schools. After a medical examination, blood samples were taken for diagnosis of dengue using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (capture immunoglobulin M and capture immunoglobulin G [IgG], indirect IgG and detection non-structural viral protein 1) and detection of viral RNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In addition, a KAP survey was applied to the children’s parents or tutors. The indirect IgG test determined that of the 347 examined children, 87.9% had a previous infection with the dengue virus (DENV), 12.7% of them were positive for viral RNA (asymptomatic infection), and 32.0% presented reinfections. Risk factors evaluation showed that children aged 8 years and older living in the municipalities for more than 7 years were more likely to be infected or reinfected by DENV. In the same way, poor nutrition, lack of water supply, sewer service, or waste disposal services could raise the likelihood of dengue infections. The surveys indicated that parents have unhealthy practices and a low knowledge about the transmission of the disease, which could result in an increase of mosquito breeding sites, allowing sustained dengue transmission.
Zika Virus and the Safety of Blood Supply in Brazil: A Retrospective Epidemiological Evaluation
Authors: Benites Bruno Deltreggia , Rocha Daniele , Andrade Elisabete , Godoy Daniela T. , Alvarez Patrícia , Addas-Carvalho Marcelo
Published: November 2018

The potential for transfusion transmission of dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) has raised concerns about the safety of the blood supply in endemic areas. In this study, nucleic acid testing (NAT) for ZIKV, DENV, and CHIKV RNA was performed in asymptomatic blood donor samples in the city of Campinas, located in the southeast region of Brazil (1962 in 2015 and 1775 in 2016). The prevalence of reactive NAT was 0.15% in 2015 and 0.62% in 2016 for dengue, 0.05% in 2015 and 0.17% in 2016 for Zika, and 0% in both years for chikungunya. These results demonstrate the weakness of the clinical interview in screening these blood donors. Furthermore, positivity for ZIKV was detected in March 2015, 1 year before the first reported cases in the region. These data attest the feasibility of using donor samples held in library as a tool for retrospective epidemiological evaluation, which is particularly interesting considering emerging pathogens, for which data on their spread and penetrance are initially scarce.
Use of Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction to Differentiate between Pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica and the Nonpathogenic Entamoeba dispar in Ecuador
Authors: Guevara Ángel , Vicuña Yosselin , Costales Denisse , Vivero Sandra , Anselmi Mariella , Bisoffi Zeno , Formenti Fabio
Published: November 2018

Microscopic examination of stool samples has been considered to be the “gold standard” for diagnosis of intestinal parasites. Recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been approved by the World Health Organization as the method of choice for the diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica. Of the 106 stool samples collected from the Esmeraldas and Pichincha provinces of Ecuador, all (100%) were positive for E. histolytica/Entamoeba dispar by light microscopy, whereas using real-time PCR (RT-PCR) DNA amplification, 74 (69.8%) were positive for E. dispar and only three (2.8%) were positive for E. histolytica. Some 29 (27.4%) samples were negative for the presence of either E. histolytica or E. dispar, this may be due the presence of Entamoeba mosksvskii, which is morphologically identical to E. histolytica/E. dispar and not specifically targeted by the RT-PCR used. These results indicate the necessity of reevaluating the epidemiology of amebiasis in Ecuador as the prominent species found are nonpathogenic.
Whatman Protein Saver Cards for Storage and Detection of Parasitic Enteropathogens
Authors: Natarajan Gayathri , Kabir Mamun , Perin Jamie , Hossain Biplob , Debes Amanda , Haque Rashidul , George Christine Marie
Published: November 2018

Current methods to identify the etiology of diarrhea require laboratory facilities for storage of pathogens, which is often challenging in low-resource settings. This study evaluated the efficacy of a low-cost method for preserving stool specimens for the detection of parasitic enteropathogens using Whatman 903 protein saver cards (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Stool samples known to be positive by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp., and Entamoeba histolytica parasites were preserved on 232 Whatman cards. DNA was then extracted from cards using Chelex and Qiagen extraction protocols, and tested for these parasites using multiplex real-time PCR. We included stool samples known to have a higher parasite load (cycle threshold [ct]-value < 30) and those with a lower parasite load (ct values 30–35). Sensitivities and specificities were determined using DNA extracted directly from whole stool samples using Qiagen kits (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany). For whole stool samples with ct values < 30, preserved directly on Whatman 903 protein saver cards for Giardia analysis, the sensitivity was 100% for both Qiagen and Chelex DNA extraction. For E. histolytica, this was 100% for sensitivity for Qiagen and 80% for Chelex DNA extractions, and for Cryptosporidium, this was 80% for Qiagen and 50% for Chelex DNA extraction. The specificity was 100% for all parasites for all extraction procedures. Given the high sensitivity for stool samples with higher parasite loads, we recommend the use of the Whatman 903 protein saver card for preserving fecal specimens for the analysis of Giardia and E. histolytica using Qiagen DNA extractions in low-resource settings.
Perspectives on Integrating Structural Health Monitoring Systems into Fixed-Wing Military Aircraft
Authors:   Aerospace Industry Steering Committee on Structural Health
Published: November 2018

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is prepared for stakeholders seeking information about the evolution, integration, and approval of SHM technologies for military aircraft systems. The report provides this information in the form of (a) two military organizations’ perspectives on requirements, and (b) general SHM challenges and industry perspectives. The report only provides information to generate awarness of prespectives for military aircraft and, hence, assists those who are involved in developing SHM systems understanding the broad range of regulations, requirements, and standards published by military organizations that are available in the public domain from the military organizations.
Automatic Baud Rate Detection Process
Authors:   Truck Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
Published: November 2018

Define a process enabling devices to detect the baud rate of a SAE J1939-11, SAE J1939-14, or SAE J1939-15 network automatically with the intent of minimizing or eliminating communication disruption between existing devices. These networks only support CBFF and CEFF Data Frames, as defined in ISO 11898-1.
Intact polar lipids in the water column of the eastern tropical North Pacific: abundance and structural variety of non-phosphorus lipids
Authors: Schubotz Florence , Xie Sitan , Lipp Julius S. , Hinrichs Kai-Uwe , Wakeham Stuart G.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Intact polar lipids (IPLs) are the main building blocks of
cellular membranes and contain chemotaxonomic, ecophysiological and metabolic
information, making them valuable biomarkers in microbial ecology and
biogeochemistry. This study investigates IPLs in suspended particulate matter
(SPM) in the water column of the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean (ETNP),
one of the most extensive open-ocean oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the world,
with strong gradients of nutrients, temperature and redox conditions. A wide
structural variety in polar lipid head-group composition and core structures
exists along physical and geochemical gradients within the water column, from
the oxygenated photic zone to the aphotic OMZ. We use this structural
diversity in IPLs to evaluate the ecology and ecophysiological adaptations
that affect organisms inhabiting the water column, especially the mid-depth
OMZ in the context of biogeochemical cycles. Diacylglycerol phospholipids are
present at all depths, but exhibit the highest relative abundance and
compositional variety (including mixed acyl/ether core structures) in the
upper and core OMZ where prokaryotic biomass was enriched. Surface ocean SPM
is dominated by diacylglycerol glycolipids that are found in photosynthetic
membranes. These and other glycolipids with varying core structures composed
of ceramides and hydroxylated fatty acids are also detected with varying
relative abundances in the OMZ and deep oxycline, signifying additional
non-phototrophic bacterial sources for these lipids. Betaine lipids (with
zero or multiple hydroxylations in the core structures) that are typically
assigned to microalgae are found throughout the water column down to the deep
oxycline but do not show a depth-related trend in relative abundance.
Archaeal IPLs comprised of glycosidic and mixed glycosidic-phosphatidic
glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are most abundant in the
upper OMZ, where nitrate maxima point to ammonium oxidation but increase in
relative abundance in the core OMZ and deep oxycline. The presence of
non-phosphorus “substitute” lipids within the OMZ suggest that the
indigenous microbes might be phosphorus limited (P starved) at ambient
phosphate concentrations of 1 to 3.5 µM, although specific
microbial sources for many of these lipids still remain unknown.
Cascading transitions in the climate system
Authors: Dekker Mark M. , von der Heydt Anna S. , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. We introduce a framework of cascading tipping, i.e. a
sequence of abrupt transitions occurring because a transition in one
subsystem changes the background conditions for another subsystem. A
mathematical framework of elementary deterministic cascading tipping points
in autonomous dynamical systems is presented containing the double-fold,
fold–Hopf, Hopf–fold and double-Hopf as the most generic cases. Statistical
indicators which can be used as early warning indicators of cascading tipping
events in stochastic, non-stationary systems are suggested. The concept of
cascading tipping is illustrated through a conceptual model of the coupled
North Atlantic Ocean – El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system,
demonstrating the possibility of such cascading events in the climate system.
Morphodynamic model of the lower Yellow River: flux or entrainment form for sediment mass conservation?
Authors: An Chenge , Moodie Andrew J. , Ma Hongbo , Fu Xudong , Zhang Yuanfeng , Naito Kensuke , Parker Gary
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Sediment mass conservation is a key factor that constrains river morphodynamic processes. In most models of river morphodynamics, sediment mass conservation is described by the Exner equation, which may take various forms depending on the problem in question. One of the most widely used forms of the Exner equation is the flux-based formulation, in which the conservation of bed material is related to the stream-wise gradient of the sediment transport rate. An alternative form of the Exner equation, however, is the entrainment-based formulation, in which the conservation of bed material is related to the difference between the entrainment rate of bed sediment into suspension and the deposition rate of suspended sediment onto the bed. Here we represent the flux form in terms of the local capacity sediment transport rate and the entrainment form in terms of the local capacity entrainment rate. In the flux form, sediment transport is a function of local hydraulic conditions. However, the entrainment form does not require this constraint: only the rate of entrainment into suspension is in local equilibrium with hydraulic conditions, and the sediment transport rate itself may lag in space and time behind the changing flow conditions. In modeling the fine-grained lower Yellow River, it is usual to treat sediment conservation in terms of an entrainment (nonequilibrium) form rather than a flux (equilibrium) form, in consideration of the condition that fine-grained sediment may be entrained at one place but deposited only at some distant location downstream. However, the differences in prediction between the two formulations have not been comprehensively studied to date. Here we study this problem by comparing the results predicted by both the flux form and the entrainment form of the Exner equation under conditions simplified from the lower Yellow River (i.e., a significant reduction of sediment supply after the closure of the Xiaolangdi Dam). We use a one-dimensional morphodynamic model and sediment transport equations specifically adapted for the lower Yellow River. We find that in a treatment of a 200 km reach using a single characteristic bed sediment size, there is little difference between the two forms since the corresponding adaptation length is relatively small. However, a consideration of sediment mixtures shows that the two forms give very different patterns of grain sorting: clear kinematic waves occur in the flux form but are diffused out in the entrainment form. Both numerical simulation and mathematical analysis show that the morphodynamic processes predicted by the entrainment form are sensitive to sediment fall velocity. We suggest that the entrainment form of the Exner equation might be required when the sorting process of fine-grained sediment is studied, especially when considering relatively short timescales.
Application of ensemble transform data assimilation methods for parameter estimation in reservoir modeling
Authors: Ruchi Sangeetika , Dubinkina Svetlana
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Over the years data assimilation methods have been developed to obtain estimations of uncertain model parameters by taking into account a few observations of a model state. The most reliable Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are computationally expensive. Sequential ensemble methods such as ensemble Kalman filters and particle filters provide a favorable alternative. However, ensemble Kalman filter has an assumption of Gaussianity. Ensemble transform particle filter does not have this assumption and has proven to be highly beneficial for an initial condition estimation and a small number of parameter estimations in chaotic dynamical systems with non-Gaussian distributions. In this paper we employ ensemble transform particle filter (ETPF) and ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) for parameter estimation in nonlinear problems with 1, 5, and 2500 uncertain parameters and compare them to importance sampling (IS). The large number of uncertain parameters is of particular interest for subsurface reservoir modeling as it allows us to parameterize permeability on the grid. We prove that the updated parameters obtained by ETPF lie within the range of an initial ensemble, which is not the case for ETKF. We examine the performance of ETPF and ETKF in a twin experiment setup, where observations of pressure are synthetically created based on the known values of parameters. For a small number of uncertain parameters (one and five) ETPF performs comparably to ETKF in terms of the mean estimation. For a large number of uncertain parameters (2500) ETKF is robust with respect to the initial ensemble, while ETPF is sensitive due to sampling error. Moreover, for the high-dimensional test problem ETPF gives an increase in the root mean square error after data assimilation is performed. This is resolved by applying distance-based localization, which however deteriorates a posterior estimation of the leading mode by largely increasing the variance due to a combination of less varying localized weights, not keeping the imposed bounds on the modes via the Karhunen–Loeve expansion, and the main variability explained by the leading mode. A possible remedy is instead of applying localization to use only leading modes that are well estimated by ETPF, which demands knowledge of which mode to truncate.
Application of Cognitive Load Theory in Accounting Education
Authors: Sithole Seedwell T. M.
Published: November 2018

The field of accounting education has recently adopted cognitive load theory (CLT), which originated in educational psychology. There are several empirical studies inspired by CLT which have demonstrated the practical implications of this theory. Although some articles have addressed the relationship of CLT and accounting education, none have considered the integration of the design principles and provide practical guidelines accounting educators may follow. Three techniques are described, by which educators may do so: (a) minimising instructional procedures that splits the attention of students, (b) tailoring instruction to levels of accounting students' expertise, and (c) minimising problem-solving exercises and utilising more worked examples. A detailed examination of these 3 techniques indicates that they assist students’ understanding of accounting. These techniques are not applicable to all accounting learners but are more appropriate to accounting students learning a specific topic for the first time than to expert learners (e.g., final year students who have been introduced to the accounting topic). All 3 guidelines are based on the importance CLT places on the human cognitive architecture, particularly our knowledge of working and long-term memory, schema construction and automation, and the different types of cognitive load affecting the students to absorb and retain information.
The Adoption of Christian Names and Surnames in the Moravian Communities of Nunatsiavut, Labrador
Authors: Rollmann Hans J.
Published: November 2018

The process of assigning personal names throughout Nunatsiavut, Labrador, in response to ecclesiastical and public desiderata is discussed in this article. Naming among the Inuit of Labrador's north coast changed during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries because of the Moravian mission. The adoption of German Christian names for children and adults was to indicate a religious identity change. The system that existed throughout the nineteenth century paired Christian names. Among married couples, the husband was named together with his wife and the wife with her husband in the possessive case, while the son's name was paired with that of his father and the daughter's name with that of her mother. Atitsiak-based naming among Labrador Inuit extended the kinship group as it had in other Inuit societies. It remained relevant and was accepted also by missionaries since Christian Inuit, unlike European Moravians, had no baptismal witnesses or sponsors who would have felt formal responsibility for the child beyond the primary caregivers. Traditional Christian double names for Moravian Inuit lasted in Labrador until the early 1890s when Christian first names began to be supplemented by surnames in response to governmental needs for bureaucratic identification.
An Unexpected Find: Self-Representation in Nineteenth-Century Portrait Photographs of Canadian Lenape
Authors: Holtz Menja
Published: November 2018

Seven photographs discovered in the Moravian Archives show inhabitants of Moraviantown, Ontario, six Lenape and one European. The photographs were taken in the second half of the nineteenth century, at an early stage of the development of photography. The research about the sitters in the photographs and the particular story of these pictures has brought to light details about the relationship between indigenous and missionary inhabitants of the village. In order to discuss the function of the photographs for the portrayed, for the people who gave them away as gifts, those who received them, and finally those who collected them, we need to look at the context of photographic self-representation of indigenous peoples in North America during the nineteenth century. Contextualizing the photographs means to go through the layers of meanings and interpretations these images underwent in the course of their existence. In looking at them we can learn more about the colonial perception of indigenous people, photographic images, and how the colonial perception has influenced our view on history. The stories of these photographs support the hypothesis that Lenape people used a wide array of strategies to ensure their survival, despite limitations forced upon them by the colonists.
The silent argument of broad focus: Typology and predictions
Authors: Bentley Delia , Cruschina Silvio
Published: November 2018

It is a commonly held view that, in the absence of an overt locative or temporal phrase, broad focus subject inversion in Romance requires a null locative in preverbal position, thus being comparable to locative inversion (Benincà 1988 and subsequent work). The (in)compatibility of a number of verbs and verb classes with this construction, however, has not yet received a principled explanation. Analysing the event structure of the predicates that occur in bare broad focus subject inversion in Italian, we argue that this construction requires a covert Subject of Predication, and this requirement can be satisfied by a thematic goal argument of the verb or a non-thematic situational argument that is inferred when a bounded eventuality is predicated. We explain which predicates take which type of Subject of Predication, and we make falsifiable predictions on the relative compatibility of different verb classes with the construction under investigation. Our predictions are cogent in the null-subject SVO languages that allow broad focus in VS order and rule it out in VOS/VSO order (Leonetti 2017). With our study, we shed light on the lexical-semantic underpinnings of this restriction. Following Bianchi (1993) and Bianchi & Chesi (2014), we propose that this is a thetic construction, in which the postverbal DP remains in its first-merged thematic position. In our analysis, the silent Subject of Predication takes Cardinaletti’s (2004) SubjP position, satisfying Rizzi’s (2005) Subject Criterion.
Schmitt, Locke, and the Limits of Liberalism
Authors: Feldman Leonard
Published: November 2018

This article brings Carl Schmitt's Political Theology into conversation with John Locke's Second Treatise of Government. Two fundamental issues are considered: the relationship between Locke's theory of prerogative power and Schmitt's sovereign/commissarial distinction, and the place of the theological—in particular the “miraculous” nature of the exception. While some have claimed that Locke's theory of prerogative fits the model of “commissarial dictatorship” I argue that Locke actually complicates the sovereign/commissarial distinction by maintaining the tensions between prerogative, law and popular judgment. Schmitt, on the other hand, dissolves the tension by absorbing popular sovereignty into sovereign exceptionalism. Concerning the miraculous nature of the exception, I argue that Schmitt's claim should be understood as part of a broader effort to render politics serious and so I situate his remarks in light of the complex relationship between the political and the moral in his Concept of the Political. Because Locke's politics is “already” serious in the sense of being firmly situated within natural law, exceptional circumstances do not perform the same redemptive function.
Princes of Peace and War and their Most Humble, Most Obedient Court Composer
Authors: Yearsley David
Published: November 2018

J. S. Bach took many of his own vocal works conceived as tributes to earthly sovereigns and transformed them into glorifications of the heavenly King. Yet in contrast to the implications of some aspects of Luther's theology, these transformations leave undisturbed an underlying commitment to temporal authority and social obedience. Indeed, many of Bach's sacred works not only rely on rhetorical and musical topics associated with court life and the culture of war, but exploit these images in order to dramatize their message more immediately in the imaginations of contemporary churchgoing listeners.
Hannah Arendt. The Jewish Writings. Ed. Jerome Kohn and Ron H. Feldman. NY: Schocken Books, 2007. 559+lxxvi pp.
Authors: Lupton Julia Reinhard
Published: November 2018

The Jewish Writings by Hannah Arendt, reviewed by Julia Reinhard Lupton.
The Breath of Sense: Language, Structure, and the Paradox of Origin
Authors: Livingston Paul M.
Published: November 2018

Within contemporary analytic philosophy, at least, varieties of “naturalism” have attained a widespread dominance. In this essay I suggest, however, that a closer look at the history of the linguistic turn in philosophy can offer helpful terms for rethinking what we mean in applying the categories of “nature” and “culture” within a philosophical reflection on human life and practice. For, as I argue, the central experience of this history—namely, philosophy’s transformative encounter with what it envisions as the logical or conceptual structure of everyday language – also repeatedly demonstrates the existence of a fundamental aporia or paradox at the center of the claim of language upon an ordinary human life. I discuss the occurrence of this aporia, and attempts to resolve it, in the philosophical writing of Carnap, Quine, Wittgenstein, Heidegger, and McDowell. I conclude that the prevailing naturalistic style in analytic philosophy, whatever its recommendations, is itself the outcome of an unsuccessful attempt to resolve the central aporia of twentieth-century philosophical reflection on language. Closer attention to this aporia reveals that language, as we find it in both theoretical and everyday reflection, is in the most important sense, neither essentially “natural” nor “cultural.”
Keeping Narcissism at Bay: Kant and Schiller on the Sublime
Authors: Mathäs Alexander
Published: November 2018

This essay considers the sublime as a veiled form of narcissism. Both narcissism and the sublime test and reveal the limits of the concept of the self and both can be viewed as attempts to transcend the borders of the self. Yet while narcissism has been defined as a “failure of spiritual ascent” (Hadot), the sublime has been used to transcend the limitations of the self by pointing to its infinite potential. The essay explores how the sublime in Immanuel Kant’s and Friedrich Schiller’s aesthetics relies on narcissistic impulses by creating a male inner self and protecting it from the stigma of vanity. I propose that their use of this aesthetic category helped objectify an essentially subjectivist aesthetics. Yet while Schiller follows Kant in deriding the sensual aspects of human nature as egotistical and amoral, Schiller’s dramas also challenge some of the Kantian premises. When Schiller’s protagonists sacrifice lives in the service of ethical ideas, the sublime’s oppressive spirit reveals itself.
The Limit: a Fundamental Question for the Subject in Human Experience
Authors: Apollon Willey
Published: November 2018

From oneself to the Other, from the unpresentable quest of desire to the space of the receivable structured by the social link, from the audible (where the time of the quest is structured) to the visible (where the absence of its object reveals itself), the human lacerates itself in the impossible articulation of a passage to the limit. Borders that are forever to be reconstructed recount something that is impossible to say, in the process of which each one of us ceaselessly redefines his or her position in the difficult response to the only question that counts: "up to what point can I go too far, without cutting myself off from others?"