bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Casein phosphopeptide acts synergistically with fluoride to inhibit initial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to the saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disc
Authors: Wang Xiaodie , Liu Limin , Zhou Xiaoyan , Huo Yongbiao , Gao Jinlong , Gu Haijing
Published: March 2020

Background Recent preventive strategies for dental caries focus on targeting the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation, including inhibiting bacterial adhesion. A promising approach to prevent bacterial adhesion is to modify the composition of acquired salivary pellicle. This in vitro study investigated the effect and possible underlying mechanism of pellicle modification by casein phosphopeptide (CPP) on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) initial adhesion, and the impact of fluoride on the efficacy of CPP.Methods The salivary pellicle-coated hydroxyapatite (s-HA) disc was modified by 2.5% CPP or 2.5% CPP supplemented with 900 ppm fluoride solutions. After cultivation of S. mutans, the adherent bacteria were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitatively evaluated using the plate count method. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to evaluate the proportions of total and dead S. mutans. The concentrations of total, free, and bound calcium and fluoride in CPP and fluoride-doped CPP solutions were determined. The water contact angle and zeta potential of s-HA with and without modification were measured. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by a Turkey post hoc multiple comparison test.Results Initial adhesion of S. mutans to s-HA was inhibited in response to pellicle modification by CPP and fluoride-doped CPP, and the latter was more efficient. CLSM analysis showed that the proportion of dead S. mutans did not differ between the groups. Water contact angle and zeta potential decreased after pellicle modification, and both were lowest in the fluoride-doped CPP group.Conclusions Pellicle modification by CPP inhibited S. mutans initial adhesion to s-HA, possibly by reducing hydrophobicity and negative charge on the s-HA surface, and incorporating fluoride into CPP enhanced its anti-adhesion effect.
Adaptability, solubility and biocompatibility of TheraCal LC compared with MTA-Angelus and Biodentine as a furcation perforation repair material
Authors: Alazrag M. A. , Abu-Seida Ashraf M. , El-Batouty K M. , Ashry S. H. El
Published: March 2020

Background This study evaluated the adaptability, solubility and biocompatibility of TheraCal LC compared with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA-Angelus) and Biodentine when used as a furcation perforation repair material.Methods The adaptability was assessed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and presence of any gap between the dentin surface and filing material in each quadrant of the sample was analyzed at 1000 X magnification. The solubility was measured after one week by the ISO standard method. Biocompatibility was assessed by the inflammatory response and radiography after one and three months of repair of experimental furcation perforations in dog's teeth.Results There were significant differences in the adaptability, solubility and biocompatibility of the tested materials (P <0.05). TheraCal LC showed the highest frequency distribution of gap presence that was followed by MTA-Angelus then Biodentine. The least soluble material after one week was TheraCal LC that was followed by MTA-Angelus and Biodentine. After one and three months, TheraCal LC showed the highest inflammatory response and highest frequency distribution of radiolucency that was followed by Biodentine then MTA-Angelus.Conclusion Unlike Biodentine, the TheraCal LC is incapable of alternating MTA in the furcation perforation repair due to its poor biocompatibility and poor marginal adaptation.
Very Short Answer Questions: A Viable Alternative to Multiple Choice Questions
Authors: PUTHIAPARAMPIL THOMAS , Rahman Md Mizanur
Published: March 2020

Background Multiple choice questions, used in medical school assessments for decades, have many drawbacks, such as: hard to construct, allow guessing, encourage test-wiseness, promote rote learning, provide no opportunity for examinees to express ideas, and do not provide information about strengths and weakness of candidates. Directly asked and answered questions like Very Short Answer Questions (VSAQ) is considered a better alternative with several advantages. Objectives This study aims to substantiate the superiority of VSAQ by actual tests and obtaining feedback from the stakeholders. Methods Conduct multiple true-false, one best answer and VSAQ tests in two batches of medical students, compare their scores and psychometric indexes of the tests and seek opinions from students and academics regarding these assessment methods. Results Multiple true-false and best answer test scores showed skewed results and low psychometric performance compared to better psychometrics and more balanced student performance in VSAQ tests. The stakeholders’ opinions were significantly in favour of VSAQ. Conclusion and recommendation This study concludes that VSAQ is a viable alternative to multiple choice question tests, and it is widely accepted by medical students and academics in the medical faculty.
Which is better for mothers and babies, fresh or frozen thawed blastocyst transfer?
Authors: Yang Meiling , Lin li , Sha Chunli , Li Taoqiong , Gao Wujiang , Chen Lu , Wu Ying , Ma Yanping , Zhu Xiaolan
Published: March 2020

Background: In recent years, there have been emerging many reports on the pregnancy outcomes of fresh blastocyst transfer (BT) and freeze-thaw BT, but these couclusions are controversial and incomplete. To compare the pregnancy outcomes, maternal complications and neonatal outcomes of fresh and frozen-thawed BT in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles, we conducted a meta-analysis. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library until January 2020. Data were extracted independently by two authors. Results: 42 studies, including 12 randomized controlled trials (RCT) met the inclusion criteria. Fresh BT showed lower implantation rate (IR), pregnancy rate (PR), ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR) and higher eptopic pregnancy rate (EPR) compared with frozen-thawed BT consistent with the results of RCT. The risks of moderate or severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), placental abruption (PA) and preterm were higher in fresh BT than in the frozen-thawed BT. The risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and pre-eclampsia was decreased in fresh BT , however, no significant differences of risks for PIH, pre-eclampsia, OHSS, and preterm was found between the two group in the 2 RCT included. Compared with frozen-thawed BT, fresh BT appears to be associated with small for gestational age (SGA) and low birth weight (LBW). No differences in the incidences of neonatal mortality and neonatal malformations were observed between fresh and frozen-thawed BT. Conclusions: In summary, Considering the higher IR, PR, OPR, lower EPR, and the decreased risks of OHSS, PA and preterm, as well as the incidences of SGA and LBW in frozen-thawed BT, this meta-analysis indicates that frozen-thawed BT may be a better choice for mothers and babies compared with fresh BT. Key words: Fresh blastocyst transfer, frozen thawed blastocyst transfer, pregnancy outcome, maternal complications, neonatal outcomes
Intralesional curettage versus Prosthetic replacement,which approach is suitable for bone tumors ?------ A finite element analysis of limb salvage simulation in biomechanics
Authors: PENG Matthew Jian-Qiao , SHEN ChuLong , CHEN Hai-Yan , HU Yong , HE Er-Xing , LAU YongQiang
Published: March 2020

The authors have removed this preprint from Research Square.
Fredholm determinants, full counting statistics and Loschmidt echo for domain wall profiles in one-dimensional free fermionic chains
Authors: Gamayun Oleksandr , Lychkovskiy Oleg , Caux Jean-Sébastien
Published: March 2020

We consider an integrable system of two one-dimensional fermionic
chains connected by a link. The hopping constant at the link can be
different from that in the bulk. Starting from an initial state in which
the left chain is populated while the right is empty, we present
time-dependent full counting statistics and the Loschmidt echo in terms
of Fredholm determinants. Using this exact representation, we compute
the above quantities as well as the current through the link, the shot
noise and the entanglement entropy in the large time limit. We find that
the physics is strongly affected by the value of the hopping constant at
the link. If it is smaller than the hopping constant in the bulk, then a
local steady state is established at the link, while in the opposite
case all physical quantities studied experience persistent oscillations.
In the latter case the frequency of the oscillations is determined by
the energy of the bound state and, for the Loschmidt echo, by the bias
of chemical potentials.
The use of chondroitin sulfate (Mucosat) for the treatment of chronic back pain and osteoarthritis
Authors: Shavlovskaya O. A. , Romanov I. D.
Published: March 2020

The representation of pain syndromes of various localization is very extensive: in the knee and hip joints, this figure reaches 57,8% of the general population, in the shoulder joint 48–84%, and pain in the lower back is experienced by up to 85%. The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) increases with age. OA occupies a leading position among all rheumatological diseases, accounting for more than 60–70 % of their total number, and is the leading cause of chronic pain syndrome in the older age group. Clinical symptoms of OA are observed in 30–50% of the population in people over 65 years. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of pain syndromes. NSAIDs are characterized by a good analgesic effect, but are often the cause of the development of adverse events (NSAIDS). Alternative for the treatment of degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the joints is chondroprotectors (CP). CPS belong to the group of drugs of delayed action of symptomatic therapy (SYSADOA). Among CP, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is considered to be the most acceptable means that can affect metabolic processes in cartilage, synovial and bone tissue, suppressing the synthesis of proinflammatory mediators. The main effects that CS has on the joint in OA are: anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and protective. CS improves the phosphorus-calcium metabolism in cartilage, inhibits enzymes that violate the structure and function of articular cartilage, inhibits the degeneration of cartilage; stimulates the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), normalizes the metabolism of hyaline tissue, promotes the regeneration of cartilage surfaces and the articular bag. The main effects that show CS on the joint in OA: anti-inflammatory, analgesic, protective. Slowing bone resorption, reduces the loss of Ca2+ and accelerates the processes of bone repair, inhibits the progression of OA. It has analgesic effect, reduces joint pain, pain at rest and when walking, the severity of inflammation, reduces the need for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). One of the representatives of medicinal products based on CS is Mucosate (ampoules 1 and 2 ml) containing 100mg of CS in 1ml. A number of studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of therapy with Mucosat in the treatment of patients with low back pain (LBP) using the 2 ml intramuscularly every other day, a course of 25 injections, as well as in the treatment of OA using the 1 ml intramuscularly every other day, starting with the 4th injection – 2 ml every other day, also a course of 25 injections. Recent developments – a new oral form of Mucosate (capsule) containing harpagophytum and the NEM® complex can serve as a supplement to the injectable course of therapy.
Cerebral small vessel disease’s impact on the development of chronic cerebral ischemia: paradigms of treatment
Authors: Soloveva E. Yu. , Amelina I. P.
Published: March 2020

The article is dedicated to the issues of treatment of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), one of the most common pathological processes that is a leading cause of different types of cerebrovascular disorders and cognitive impairment. It also discusses the reasons for the development of small vessel pathology, which is usually referred to as the “chronic cerebral ischemia” in the Russian neurology. Emphasis is made on the etiopathogenetic factors affecting small calibre vessels, in which the metabolic-angiogenic mechanisms, in particular endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, are dominant.

Difficulties in studying CSVD are explained by the disease course features and the insufficient introduction of unified approaches to the terminology and diagnosis. The article presents new data on the pathogenesis of small vessel disease based on the clinical and pathological findings and achievements of neuroimaging. A modern classification is provided, the clinical manifestations of vascular cognitive disorders associated with chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency are described in detail.

The authors consider the issue of choosing and using drugs for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases through the lens of understanding their own clinical experience and scientific research findings. They provide data of their own research on the antioxidant status and changes in the phospholipid composition of blood plasma in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia during separate and combined administration of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-succinate (Neurox) and citicoline (Neupilept), which are natural metabolites and are involved in biochemical processes throughout the body. Based on the literature review and their own data, the authors conclude that complex pharmacological therapy can be effectively used in patients with CSVD, which is due to various points of “application” of pharmacological activity in the pathogenetic processes chain.
Kanonik Huffman Benzeri Kodlama için Kod Sözcüklerinin Uzunluklarını Cebirsel Olarak Hesaplayan Bir Algoritma
Authors: ORAL Mustafa , AŞŞIK M. Mustafa
Published: March 2020

Kanonik Huffman kodları için gerekli olan kod uzunlukları iki aşamada üretilir. Bu makalede “prefix-free” özelliğine sahip değişken uzunluklu kanonik kodların üretilmesine temel olacak uzunlukları cebirsel yöntemle tek aşamada hesaplayacak bir algoritma önerilmektedir. Ancak, elde edilen kodların “sembol başına ortalama bit uzunluğu” genellikle optimum olmayıp, optimuma benzerlerinden daha yakındır. Kod uzunlukları, ağırlık dizisinin sıralı olması şartıyla, en sık kullanılan sembolden başlayarak hesaplanır. Önerilen algoritma; pi, i. sembolün olasılığı ve ei de kalan olasılıkların toplamı olmak üzere, kod uzunluklarını li= round (log(ei/pi)) formülüne göre hesaplar. Son olarak, kanonik formdaki kodlar hesaplanan uzunluklardan elde edilir. Tüm süreç ϴ(n) zamanda tamamlanır ve ϴ(n) kelime uzunluğunda hafıza kullanılır.
Katyonizasyon İşleminin Havlu Kumaş Ön Terbiyesinde Kullanılabilirliğinin ve Ürün Özelliklerine Etkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: KALKANLI Ece , ZERVENT ÜNAL Belkıs
Published: March 2020

Çalışma kapsamında, farklı hav çözgü hammadde tipine ve farklı gramaja sahip havlu kumaşlar ağartma işleminin uygulanıp uygulanmama durumuna göre de gruplandırıldıktan sonra farklı konsantrasyonlarda katyonize edilmiştir. İşlem görmüş kumaşların yumuşaklık ve hidrofilite değerleri tespit edilmeye çalışılırken ağartma prosesinin yerine çevreci katyonizasyon işleminin uygulanabilirliği de araştırılmıştır. Uygulanan tüm proseslerin ardından yumuşaklık ve hidrofilite değerleri standartlara uygun olarak test edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ağartma işlemi yerine katyonizasyon işleminin uygulanmasının havlu kumaşlara yumuşaklık açısından olumlu katkı sağladığı, hidrofilite açısından da kabul edilebilir seviyelerde sonuçlar elde edildiği saptanmıştır.
Farklı Hammaddeden Örme Çoraplar Üzerine Deneysel Bir Çalışma
Authors: DOBA KADEM Füsun , ÖZDEMİR Şehpal
Published: March 2020

Temel giyim ihtiyaç maddelerinden biri olan çorap, yalnızca bir örtme malzemesi olmayıp insan sağlığı açısından da son derece önemli bir giysidir. Çoraplarda kullanım performansı açısından bakıldığında hammadde önemli bir kriterdir. Bu kapsamda bu çalışmada polyamid, bambu, modal ve pamuk içeren çorapların hava geçirgenliği, boncuklanma ve aşınma gibi özellikleri deneysel olarak değerlendirilmiş ve hammadde türüne bağlı olarak çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır.
Híbridos de Milho Afetam a Quantidade de Etanol Produzida no Cerrado do Centro-Oeste Paulista
Authors: Lozano Eduardo do Valle , Nogueira Lucas Conegundes , Alcântara Giovanni Uema , Costa Gustavo Henrique Gravatim
Published: March 2020

O setor sucroenergético brasileiro vem utilizando o milho para a produção de etanol por apresentar ciclo vegetativo de 120 dias, cultivo em áreas de renovação de canaviais, e seus grãos podem ser armazenados por longos períodos de tempo. Neste sentido, o objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar as características agronômicas de três híbridos de milho, e os reflexos do processamento dos grãos para a produção de etanol. O experimento foi instalado no município de Agudos no Estado de São Paulo na safra 2016/2017. A área experimental foi de 8.000m2, com 12 parcelas de 450m2 cada. Utilizou-se os híbridos 2B587PW, 2B633PW e 2B810PW. O plantio foi realizado em outubro de 2016 e a colheita ocorreu aos 150 dias após a semeadura (DAS). Durante o desenvolvimento da cultura (45, 75, 90 e 110 DAS) avaliou-se os parâmetros biométricos. Os grãos foram colhidos mecanicamente, triturados e imersos em água, adicionando-se a enzima α-amilase, originando o mosto. Os mostos foram submetidos à inoculação pela levedura industrial BG-1. Os híbridos 2B587PW, 2B633PW e 2B810PW resultaram em 3,65, 3,74 e 2,94 t ha-1 de grãos, respectivamente. Observaram-se valores médios de 430 L de etanol recuperados por ha processado. Conclui-se que o híbrido 2B633PW é o mais indicado para o cultivo no centro-oeste paulista, por apresentar maior produtividade de grãos, bem como há reflexos dos híbridos de milho processados sob o desempenho fermentativo da levedura BG-1, sendo o 2B810PW o que resulta em maior eficiência fermentativa e quantidade de etanol produzida por tonelada de milho processada.
Levantamento da Qualidade Ambiental do Córrego Capim Puba no Município de Goiânia - GO
Authors: Silva Higo Arraes da , Silva Junior Milton Gonçalves da , Ucker Fernando Ernesto , Alonso Ressiliane Ribeiro Prata , Silva Mayara Wesley da
Published: March 2020

A água é um recurso natural essencial para a manutenção e vida do ser humano, entretanto, ações antropogênicas têm perturbado os ecossistemas aquáticos e ameaçado as fontes de água doce. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a qualidade ambiental do córrego Capim Puba, localizado na cidade de Goiânia, estado de Goiás, durante o período chuvoso do ano de 2016. As coletas foram realizadas em três pontos amostrais distribuídos ao longo do curso do córrego: ponto 01 localizado na nascente, ponto 02 no local de maior ocupação antrópica das margens do córrego e o ponto 03 na confluência com o Córrego Botafogo. A qualidade ambiental foi investigada através da identificação de pontos de lançamento de efluentes domésticos e industriais, nível de assoreamento, presença de erosão, entulho, flora, resíduos sólidos e resíduos líquidos, bem como, análise de variáveis físicas e químicas do meio aquático. Foi possível notar maior degradação ambiental no ponto 02 devido a ocupação antrópica. Além disso, os impactos adversos foram menos intensos quando comparados com anos anteriores, revelando uma capacidade do córrego de autodepuração.
Modifiers of Liver-Related Manifestation in the Course of NAFLD
Authors: Nasr Patrik , Blomdahl Julia , Kechagias Stergios , Ekstedt Mattias
Published: March 2020

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease affecting
approximately 25% of the global population. There is a strong association between the severity of NAFLD
and the components of the metabolic syndrome. NAFLD is also independently associated with cardiovascular
disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The progressive potential of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD) is indisputable today, and the histological spectrum of NAFLD ranges from isolated steatosis to nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis (NASH), with risk of developing fibrosis and subsequent cirrhosis and hepatocellular
carcinoma. There is a substantial inter-patient variation in disease progression, therefore, this review will focus on
potential modifiers of fibrosis progression, development of liver cirrhosis, decompensation and liver-related mortality.
The potential drivers of disease progression that is discussed are; T2DM and Insulin Resistance, body
weight, alcohol consumption, genetics (including HFE and alfa-1-antitrypsin) as well as histological features
predictive of disease progression.
Interaction Between Circadian Rhythms, Energy Metabolism, and Cognitive Function
Authors: Ruiz-Gayo Mariano , Olmo Nuria D.
Published: March 2020

The interaction between meal timing and light regulates circadian rhythms in mammals and not only determines the sleep-wake pattern but also the activity of the endocrine system. Related with that, the necessity to fulfill energy needs is a driving force that requires the participation of cognitive skills whose performance has been shown to undergo circadian variations. These facts have led to the concept that cognition and feeding behaviour can be analysed from a chronobiological perspective. In this context, research carried out during the last two decades has evidenced the link between feeding behaviour/nutritional habits and cognitive processes, and has highlighted the impact of circadian disorders on cognitive decline. All that has allowed hypothesizing a tight relationship between nutritional factors, chronobiology, and cognition. In this connection, experimental diets containing elevated amounts of fat and sugar (high-fat diets; HFDs) have been shown to alter in rodents the circadian distribution of meals, and to have a negative impact on cognition and motivational aspects of behaviour that disappear when animals are forced to adhere to a standard temporal eating pattern. In this review, we will present relevant studies focussing on the effect of HFDs on cognitive aspects of behaviour, paying particular attention to the influence that chronobiological alterations caused by these diets may have on hippocampaldependent cognition.
Comparison between Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin on Secondary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Rate and the Risk Factors in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Jiaqi , Yu Han , Wang Guanghua , Zhang Junfang , Zhu Rui , Liu Xuebo , Li Jue
Published: March 2020

Background:

Statins are effective for patients with decreased low-density lipoprotein therapy.

Objective:

The aim is to compare atorvastatin versus rosuvastatin on secondary percutaneous coronary intervention
(PCI) rate and explore risk factors in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients.

Methods:

A cohort study with 283 CHD subjects was launched from 2011 to 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression
model, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and nomogram were used to compare the effect of atorvastatin
and rosuvastatin on secondary PCI rate and disease risk factors. Even why the two statins had different effects based
on gene expression profile analysis has been explored.

Results:

Gene FFA (Freely fatty acid), AST (Aspartate Transaminase) and ALT (Alanine transaminase) showed the
statistical difference between the four statin groups (P<0.05). In the AA group (Continuous Atorvastatin usage),
albumin was a risk factor (Hazard Ratio (HR):1.076, 95%CI (1.001, 1.162), p<0.05). In the AR group (Start with
Atorvastatin usage, then change to Rosuvastatin usage), ApoA was a protective factor (HR:0.004, 95%CI (0.001,
0.665), p<0.05). GLB (Galactosidase Beta) was a risk factor (HR:1.262, 95%CI (1.010, 1.576), p<0.05). In RR group
(Continuous Rosuvastatin usage), ApoE was a protective factor (HR:0.943, 95%CI (0.890, 1.000), p<0.05). ALT was
a risk factor (HR:1.030, 95%CI (1.000, 1.060), p<0.05).

Conclusion:

: Patients in the RA group had the lowest secondary PCI rate. ALT was a risk factor in the RR group.
Gene Gpt (Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase) encoded for one subtype of ALT had a significantly different expression
in different statin groups.
Medicinal Perspective of Indole Derivatives: Recent Developments and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies
Authors: Kumar Devendra , Sharma Sahil , Kalra Sourav , Singh Gurpreet , Monga Vikramdeep , Kumar Bhupinder
Published: March 2020

Heterocyclic compounds play a significant role in various biological processes of the human
body and many of them are in clinical use due to their diverse, chemical and biological properties.
Among these, indole is one of the most promising pharmacologically active molecules. Due to its
chemical reactivity, indole has been willingly modified to obtain a variety of new lead molecules,
which has been successfully utilized to obtained novel drug candidates for the treatment of different
pharmacological diseases. Indole-based compounds such as vincristine (anticancer), reserpine (antihypertensive),
amedalin (antidepressant) and many more describe the medicinal and pharmacological
importance of the indole in uplifting human life. In this review, we compiled various reports on indole
derivatives and their biological significance, including antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiplatelet, anti-
Alzheimer’s, anti-Parkinson’s, antioxidant and anticancer potential from 2015 onwards. In addition,
structure-activity relationship studies of the different derivatives have been included. We have also
discussed novel synthetic strategies developed during this period for the synthesis of different indole
derivatives. We believe that this review article will provide comprehensive knowledge about the medicinal
importance of indoles and will help in the design and synthesis of novel indole-based molecules
with high potency and efficacy.
1,3,5-Triazine-azole Hybrids and their Anticancer Activity
Authors: Guo Hua , Diao Quan-Ping
Published: March 2020

1,3,5-Triazine and azole can interact with various therapeutic targets, and their derivatives
possess promising in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity. Hybrid molecules have the potential to enhance
efficiency, overcome drug resistance and reduce side effects, and many hybrid molecules are under
different phases of clinical trials, so hybridization of 1,3,5-triazine with azole may provide valuable
therapeutic intervention for the treatment of cancer. Substantial efforts have been made to develop
azole-containing 1,3,5-triazine hybrids as novel anticancer agents, and some of them exhibited excellent
activity. This review emphasizes azole-containing 1,3,5-triazine hybrids with potential anticancer activity,
and the structure-activity relationships as well as the mechanisms of action are also discussed to
provide comprehensive and target-oriented information for the development of this kind of anticancer
drugs.
The In Vitro Anticancer Activity and Potential Mechanism of Action of 1-[(1R,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]Ciprofloxacin-(4-methyl/phenyl/benzyl-3- aryl)-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione Hybrids
Authors: Zhang Ya-Zhou , Liu Hai-Lin , He Qian-Song , Xu Zhi
Published: March 2020

Aims:

Development of 1-[(1R, 2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]ciprofloxacin-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-
thione hybrids as potential dual-acting mechanism anticancer agent to overcome the drug resistance.
Background: Chemotherapy is an essential tool for the treatment of lung and female breast cancers, and
numerous anticancer agents have been launched for this purpose. However, the clinical outcomes of
chemotherapy are usually far from satisfactory due to the side effects and resistance to chemotherapeutic
drugs. Thus, it is urgent to develop novel anti-lung and anti-breast cancer agents.

Background:

Chemotherapy is an essential tool for the treatment of lung and female breast cancers, and
numerous anticancer agents have been launched for this purpose. However, the clinical outcomes of
chemotherapy are usually far from satisfactory due to the side effects and resistance to chemotherapeutic
drugs. Thus, it is urgent to develop novel anti-lung and anti-breast cancer agents.

Objective:

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of bis-isatin scaffolds with
alkyl/ether linkers between the two isatin moieties against different human breast cancer cell lines including
A549, MCF-7 and their drug-resistant counterparts A549/CDDP, MCF-7/ADM cells.

Methods:

The 1-[(1R, 2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]ciprofloxacin-(4-methyl/phenyl/benzyl-3-aryl)-1,2,4-
triazole-5(4H)-thione hybrids were screened for their in vitro activity against drug-sensitive lung
(A549), breast (MCF-7) and their drug-resistant counterparts A549/CDDP (cisplatin-resistant), MCF-
7/ADM (doxorubicin-resistant) cancer cell lines by MTT assay. The inhibitory activity of these hybrids
against topoisomerase II and EGFR was also evaluated to investigate the potential mechanism of action
of these hybrids.

Result:

The most prominent hybrid 7k (IC50: 37.28-49.05 µM) was comparable to Vorinostat against
A549 and A549/CDDP lung cancer cells, and was 2.79-2.94 times more active than Vorinostat against
MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADM breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, hybrid 7k (IC50: 8.6 and 16.4 µM) also
demonstrated dual inhibition against topoisomerase II and EGFR.

Conclusion:

The 1-[(1R, 2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]ciprofloxacin-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione hybrids
possess equally activity against both drug-sensitive cancer cells and their drug-resistant counterparts,
and the majority of them were no inferior to the reference Vorinostat. The mechanistic study revealed
that these hybrids could inhibit both topoisomerase II and EGFR, so these hybrids can be developed as
dual-acting mechanism anticancer agents.
Enhanced Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Polymer Blended with Nanographene
Authors: Hussein Seenaa , Abd-Elnaiem Alaa , Ali Nadia , Mebed Abdelazim
Published: March 2020

Background:

The addition of nanofillers to polymers for enhanced performance is delivering more interesting applications for aerospace, aeronautic industries, and other numerous nanotechnical applications.

Objective:

The aim was, therefore, to examine the role of graphene nanopowder on the thermal stability and conductivity of the poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVA/PVP) polymer nanocomposites.

Methods:

In this work, graphene nanofillers were incorporated into the PVA/PVP polymer blended by solution mixing for the preparation of nanocomposite films.

Results:

Results showed that increasing graphene ratio improved thermal conductivity up to 330%, moreover enhancing hardness shore A up to 16.3% compared to pure PVA/PVP blend polymer. TGA analysis confirmed that the PVA/PVP and graphene network showed good thermal stability.

Conclusion:

From the present findings, it is proved that PVA/PVP blends have profound effects on thermal stability that cannot be attained by using individual counterparts. The property of the nanocomposite depends on the host blend, morphology, and interfacial characteristics.
Outpatient Treatment of Hemorrhoidal Disease: The Alternative Way to Treat Hemorrhoidal Disease in a Simple, Safe and Effective Manner
Authors: Tutino Roberta , Salamone Giuseppe , De Marco Paolino , Cocorullo Gianfranco , Gulotta Gaspare
Published: March 2020

Background::

Hemorrhoidal disease is a widespread problem in healthy working patients.
The traditional surgical approaches cause a loss of several working days related to the post--
operative course that is often painful. To avoid these problems while offering a symptoms resolution
in patients with low degrees hemorrhoids, the non-surgical treatments are nowadays largely
proposed in proctological clinics.

Methods:

We resume the recent literature on the issue to offer a practical and easy to use guide for
clinicians.

Results:

Rubber band ligation, injection sclerotherapy and infrared coagulation are cost effective,
safe and effective treatments for patients with II- and III-degree hemorrhoids. Relapses are commons
even if the procedures can be repeated until symptoms resolution. IV-degree hemorrhoids are
not suitable of these treatments.

Conclusion:

The proctological clinics must evaluate the quality of life offered to patients and discuss
with them the appropriate treatment in order to select the most appropriate one for symptoms
resolution and disease cure. Less is not always the best but can be an alternative to be offered.
Selective Inhibition of Esophageal Cancer Stem-like Cells with Salinomycin
Authors: Zarei Mahdi , Jazi Marie S. , Tajaldini Mahboubeh , Khosravi Ayyoob , Asadi Jahanbakhsh
Published: March 2020

Background:

Targeting Cancer Stem-Like Cells (CSLCs) can provide promising new therapeutic
strategies to inhibit cancer progression, metastasis and recurrence. Salinomycin (Sal), an antibacterial ionophore,
has been shown to inhibit CSCs specifically. Recently, it has been reported that Sal can destabilize TAZ, the
hypo pathway transducer in CSLCs.

Objective:

Here, in the current study, we aimed to assess the differential toxicity of Sal in esophageal CSLCs
and its relation to TAZ gene expression.

Methods:

The esophageal cancer cell line, KYSE-30, was used for the enrichment of CSLCs. The expression of
TAZ was knocked down using specific siRNA transfection and then the cytotoxicity of Sal was measured using
XTT assay. The qRT-PCR method was used for gene expression assessment and the sphere formation ability
was monitored using light microscopy.

Result:

Our findings showed that esophageal CSLCs over-express stemness-associated genes, including SOX2,
OCT4 as well as TAZ (~14 fold, P value=0.02) transcription coactivator. We found Sal can selectively inhibit
KYSE-30 CSLCs viability and sphere formation ability; however, TAZ knockdown does not change its differential
toxicity.

Conclusion:

Overall, our results indicated that Sal can selectively decrease the viability of esophageal CSLCs in
a TAZ-independent manner.
EFFORT AS RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Jenkins David
Published: March 2020

John Roemer has created a model by which the luck egalitarian distinction between choice and luck can be used to motivate real policy decisions. By dividing society into ‘types’, Roemer suggests we are able to limit comparisons made between different people to that which they are able to control. In so doing, responsible individual action becomes the sole means by which inequalities can be justified and far more transformative redistributive legislation can be motivated. However, the model relies on two types of comparison – both within and between types – that ultimately flaw Roemer’s claims to be measuring responsible action. The model assumes that it is unproblematic to compare effort across individuals who are situated in radically unequal circumstances; it also assumes that the type can control for circumstances in a way that ignores the enormous contingency that constitutes human life. As a consequence, Roemer’s ambitious proposal fails to practically apply the choice-luck distinction
INTRODUCTION
Authors: Ballacci Giuseppe , Martins Pedro Miguel
Published: March 2020

Introduction
LYING AND HYPOCRISY IN MORALITY AND POLITICS
Authors: Grant Ruth W.
Published: March 2020

Hypocrisy is necessary in politics, especially in democracies, but while hypocrisy can facilitate democratic cooperation, lying tends to undermine it. There are two basic alternative possibilities for how to think about political ethics. The first begins with universal moral principles that are then applied to politics as well as to other areas of life. In the second approach, instead, each activity or type of relationship has its own moral requirements. What is it about politics that makes hypocrisy and lying either morally legitimate or morally illegitimate? For the first approach, lying and hypocrisy are vices, whereas for the second, they may be considered as virtuous under certain circumstances. Hypocrisy is necessary because political relationships are relationships of dependence among people whose interests do not exactly coincide. To secure supporters and coalition partners requires a certain amount of pretense. The case of lying, however, is quite different due to three additional characteristics of political relationships: cooperation over time requires trust; accountability requires transparency; and consensus requires a shared sense of reality. Lying undermines all three. Thus, truthfulness is among the political virtues even if exceptions sometimes must be made. Today, “post-truth” politics (“New Lying”), threatens to create a dangerous indifference to the truth and a cynical, wholesale acceptance of political lying.
RESCUING POLITICS FROM LYING AND HYPOCRISY: UTILITY AND TRUTH IN JEREMY BENTHAM’S THOUGHT
Authors: Bourcier Benjamin
Published: March 2020

As a utilitarian philosopher, Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) devoted most of his career to create a new institutional setting to promote the greatest happiness of the greatest number on the basis of the principle of utility. In doing so, Bentham committed himself not only to the value of utility but also to truth. Truth meant universal interest and denouncing all abuses of power and corruptions thatsacrifice the interest of the greatest number. As two opponents of truth, lies and hypocrisy are the symptoms of the sacrifice of the universal interest and directly oppose the principle of utility. Yet, what is at stake in this opposition? How did Bentham value and analyze these two phenomenon? In this paper, I will explain how Bentham’s commitment against lying and hypocrisy in politics aims to support the truth of the utilitarian principle and demonstrates the wrongness of other moral principles.
WHY THE DELIBERATIVE IDEAL JUSTIFIES PUBLICITY – EVEN IF PUBLICITY MAY UNDERMINE DELIBERATION
Authors: Pitseys John
Published: March 2020

This paper critical assesses those arguments in democratic theory which defend the role of secrecy in politics in epistemic terms, that is, by emphasizing some of the negative effects that publicity in deliberation can have (namely: obscuring the informational process, favoring plebiscitory rhetorics, and replacing open discussion with conformist behaviors and/or bargaining). Based upon the analysis of the 2010-2011 Belgian Sixth State Reform, the paper argues that, even if publicity can produce negative effects on deliberation, it cannot be proven that these effects are more severe than those produced by a closed-doors deliberation. Furthermore, it argues that an epistemic justification of closed-door deliberation could not be accepted by a reasonable citizen: the justification of publicity does not rely on its epistemic positive effects, but on the fact that the assessment and definition of these cannot be left to the negotiating parties.
Effects of Positive Language and Profession on Trustworthiness and Credibility in Online Health Advice: Experimental Study
Authors: König Lars , Jucks Regina
Published: March 2020

Background

When searching for health information, many people use the internet as their first source of information. In online health forums, for example, users post their questions and exchange health advice. In recent years, information givers from various professions have begun to use positive language (indicated by the frequent use of positively valenced adjectives) to communicate their information and persuade their audiences.

Objective

The goal of the current study was to answer the following research questions: (1) How does positive language, in comparison to neutral language, influence the trustworthiness of a person arguing in an online health forum and the credibility of their health claims; (2) How does working for a university, compared to working for a lobbying organization, influence the trustworthiness of a person arguing in an online health forum and the credibility of their health claims; and (3) Do the two factors of language style and professional affiliation interact with each other to influence trustworthiness and credibility judgments?

Methods

In a 2 × 2 between-subject experiment, 242 participants read a post from an online health forum and subsequently rated the trustworthiness of the forum post author and the credibility of their information. Within the post, the professional affiliation (scientist vs lobbyist) and language style (neutral vs positive) of the forum post author was varied.

Results

When the forum post author used a positive language style, they were perceived as less trustworthy (high Machiavellianism [P<.001; η2p=.076], low Integrity [P=.001; η2p=.045], and low Benevolence [P=.02; η2p=.025]) and their information was perceived as less credible (low Message Credibility [P=.001; η2p=.045]). The professional affiliation of the forum post author did not influence their trustworthiness or the credibility of their information.

Conclusions

When searching for health information, information seekers evaluate the language style of forum posts to decide whether forum post authors are trustworthy and their information is credible.
A Mobile App Adopting an Identity Focus to Promote Physical Activity (MoveDaily): Iterative Design Study
Authors: Hooglugt Floris , Ludden Geke D S
Published: March 2020

Background

Web-based and mobile interventions to influence physical activity behavior have had limited effects on sustained behavior change. One reason may be that the interventions aim to change largely habitual behavior. Following an identity-oriented approach could be a successful strategy to behavior change because people are committed to behave in line with their self-perception of identity.

Objective

In this paper, we take a closer look at the role of motivation in long-term adherence to lifestyle interventions. The paper outlines a method for web-based or mobile intervention development that allows exploration of integrating behavior change theory into the design process. We will describe the development of a mobile app that allows people to be self-determined and to value and self-regulate physical activity by adopting an identity-oriented approach.

Methods

This paper describes a Research through Design (RtD) process in which design activities are carried out as part of the knowledge-generating process. Two RtD phases were completed, followed by a conceptual design phase. In the first RtD phase, 8 participants used diary cards to study initial attitudes toward starting with small changes in physical activity. In the second RtD phase, 26 participants used a web-based app to study changes in physical activity. We used an adapted version of the Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI) to evaluate individuals’ perceptions of a particular behavior with respect to the three facets of a habit. The conceptual design phase consolidated the results from first two RtD phases into a design of a mobile app that combines an identity approach with gamification principles. The conceptual design was evaluated in a user-experience study with 4 participants.

Results

In the first RtD phase, we found that interacting daily with diary cards and reflecting on physical activity patterns is a promising strategy but works better through a digital medium. In the second RtD phase, SHRI ratings from all participants generally increased each week. In the conceptual design phase, we found that the concept of the mobile app was positively evaluated by participants. However, participants mentioned that terms such as “identity” do not resonate with them and that scenarios could be simpler.

Conclusions

This paper provides deeper insights into designing for electronic health (eHealth) interventions and services and suggests a new way that motivation can be shaped by the design of an intervention and adherence to physical activity. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first iterative design study in which the effects of adopting an identity approach to both motivation and physical activity were included and observed. Initial promising results were found for using a web-based intervention where habits and identification with the personal importance of a behavior were repetitively triggered.
Understanding Patient Anxieties in the Social Media Era: Qualitative Analysis and Natural Language Processing of an Online Male Infertility Community
Authors: Osadchiy Vadim , Mills Jesse Nelson , Eleswarapu Sriram Venkata
Published: March 2020

Background

Couples struggling with infertility are increasingly turning to the internet for infertility-related content and to connect with others. Most of the published data on infertility and the internet only address the experiences of women, with limited studies focusing exclusively on internet discussions on male factor infertility.

Objective

The aim of this study was to understand the concerns and experiences of discussants on an online male infertility community and to provide insight into their perceptions of interactions with health care professionals.

Methods

Using the large-scale data analytics tool BigQuery, we extracted all posts in the r/MaleInfertility community (877 members) of the social media website and discussion board Reddit from November 2017 to October 2018. We performed a qualitative thematic analysis and quantitative semantic analysis using Language Inquiry and Word Count 2015 of the extracted posts to identify dominant themes and subthemes of discussions. Descriptive statistics and semantic analytic Z-scores were computed.

Results

From the analysis of 97 posts, notable themes and subthemes emerged: 70 (72%) posts shared personal experiences, including feeling emasculated or isolated or describing a negative (28/97, 29%), positive (13/97, 13%), or neutral (56/97, 58%) experience with a health care professional; 19% (18/97) of the posts posed questions about personal semen analysis results. On the basis of semantic analysis, posts by men had higher authenticity scores (Z=3.44; P<.001), suggesting more honest or personal texts, but lower clout scores (Z=4.57; P<.001), suggesting a more tentative or anxious style of writing, compared with posts by women.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this study represents the first evaluation of a social media community focused exclusively on male infertility using mixed methodology. These results suggest a role for physicians on social media to engage with patients and connect them to accurate resources, in addition to opportunities to improve in-office patient education.
Scientific Dissemination on Facebook: The Performance of Public Health Journals (Preprint)
Authors: Reis Maria Thereza Viana , Cuenca Angela Maria Belloni
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Since it was created, social networks on the internet have attracted millions of users who have incorporated them into their routines and use them as the primary source of news, texts, concepts, definitions and any need for information. In scientific communication, the innovations of science, then restricted to researchers networks, with online social networks came to the domain of society.

OBJECTIVE

This study characterized the Facebook pages of Brazilian scientific journals in the field of public health.

METHODS

The social network activities of four journals were studied with regard to the number of followers, type and frequency of posts, topics and user interactions (likes, comments and shares). In interviews, the journal editors indicated the motivation to use online social networks to disseminate their articles and described the available infrastructure for this purpose.

RESULTS

More aesthetically complex posts, with explanatory texts and images, draw more attention and, therefore, generate more interaction than simpler posts, i.e., those containing links only. The findings indicate that there is interest in scientific dissemination on Facebook on the part of editors; in several cases, the editors themselves perform this activity. In Brazil, the majority of public health journals do not have an established editorial policy for social networks, mainly because they do not have marketing teams or financial and human resources to improve online social networks.

CONCLUSIONS

The academic editors agree with the importance of these highly popularized networks in disseminating scientifically validated information on public health to society.