bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Item Analysis, Age Trends, and Internal Consistency Reliability of the Children’s Occupational Performance Questionnaire (COPQ)
Authors: Mulligan Shelley
Published: February 2021

Importance: Occupational performance measures are essential for guiding client-centered interventions for children and for measuring progress and program outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate and report on the psychometric properties of a new assessment tool, the Children’s Occupational Performance Questionnaire (COPQ).

Design: Descriptive and correlational methods were used.

Participants: A convenience sample primarily from the northeastern United States was recruited, consisting of the caregivers of 156 children and 25 older children who completed the COPQ as a self-report. Participants’ ages ranged from 2 mo to 19 yr. Seventy-five percent of them identified as typically developing, and 25% had a medical condition or disability affecting development.

Outcomes and Measures: Data from completed questionnaires assessing children with and without disabilities were used to explore aspects of the COPQ’s content validity, including age trends and item difficulty. Internal consistency reliability was also examined for each of the five domains: Personal Activities of Daily Living, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Social Participation, Play/Leisure, and Education/Work.

Results: Each COPQ domain showed strong internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s α = .96–.99). Age trends indicated increasing competency in occupational performance with age across domains and supported occupational performance as a developmental construct.

Conclusions and Relevance: The COPQ shows promise as a reliable occupational performance measure for children for both clinical and research purposes. Potential items for modification or deletion were identified to reduce redundancy and increase efficiency. Further study of the tool’s psychometrics and normative data collection are needed.

What This Article Adds: The COPQ addresses all areas of occupational performance and is being developed as a valid, reliable assessment tool for children. It aims to assist in guiding occupational therapy interventions and detecting changes in occupational performance in response to treatment.
The Impassibly Fleshly, the Statue of the Impossible
Authors: Fimiani Filippo
Published: February 2021

According to phenomenology, existence is an incarnate subjectivation
which frees, by perceiving and imagining, the ‘Self’ from its petrification.
Autobiography is a fiction pretending to repair this vitality, to represent
the irrevocable future instant of death by images and words and to record
the past as an irremediable destiny. To write the singular own existence
is thus to make up a monumentalisation of the living being, fixed as a
statue and fascinating as an idol, a death mask or a mummy. In the 1940s,
Sartre, Lévinas, Blanchot and Bataille discussed Baudelaire, Proust and
Leiris to challenge Heidegger’s existentialism and ontology of art. The
essay examines this crucial debate—interdisciplinary, intertextual and
intermedial—about literature and philosophy, picture, magic and death.
Praxis of Cultivating Civic Spontaneity
Authors: Leung Cheuk-Hang , Wong Sampson
Published: February 2021

This paper aims at conceptualizing the role of co-created artefacts, artistic
interventions, aesthetic experience, and the civic-creative learning
platform generated in the Umbrella Movement. These aspects of the
protest made up what is generally understood as “art,” which we argue
acted as a form of civic education during this occupy movement. We
explore the triangular relationship between art, politics, and education
in the Umbrella Movement through the lens of art theory, highlighting
the collaborative and relational aspect of art and the concept of civic
spontaneity. As such, we focus on the “endogenous effect” of art, as mass
art-making generated opportunities for self-reflection and collaborative
learning about civic life that enhanced participants’ understanding of
deliberative citizenship.
The Power of Sunflower
Authors: Ho Ming-sho , Lin Thung-hong
Published: February 2021

This article examines the genesis of Taiwan’s 2014 Sunflower Movement
and how it contributed to the decisive defeat of the Kuomintang (KMT)
in the 2016 election. The KMT’s accommodating approach to Beijing
since 2008 had deescalated cross-strait military tensions and facilitated
closer economic ties. However, the so-called “peace dividend” was not
evenly distributed but remained a privilege of the minority who enjoyed
political connection. The Sunflower Movement’s support came from
believers in democratic values and sovereignty, as well as those who
expected future joblessness. The widespread perception of threatened
democracy and economic victimization constituted the root causes of
the Sunflower Movement, paving the way for the historical victory of
the independence-leaning Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) in 2016.
Hong Kong Now, Shanghai Then
Authors: Wasserstrom Jeffrey
Published: February 2021

This chapter explores the striking similarities, despite important differences
in context and setting, between the protests in Hong Kong in recent
years and those in Shanghai at various points in the past, including the year
1919. It draws on the author’s research on pre-1949 Shanghai student-led
mass movements, the subject of his dissertation and first book, and his
observations of the demonstrations in Shanghai in 1986 and during visits
to Hong Kong between 2014 and 2017.
The Home Movie as Essay Film: On Making Memory Posthumously
Authors: Elsaesser Thomas
Published: February 2021

The chapter outlines the posthumous constellations that led to the making
of Thomas Elsaesser’s essay film The Sun Island, about his grandfather,
Martin Elsaesser, chief city architect in Frankfurt during the Weimar
Republic. It reflects on the migration of non-theatrical film material into
archives and art spaces, encouraging the emergence of found footage
as essay film, but it also makes a case for The Sun Island as ‘home movies
re-purposed’ in order to highlight the specifics of home movies as a
historically and politically important practice. While acknowledging his
father as ‘author’, whose images the film ‘appropriates’, The Sun Island also
revisits topics associated with Thomas’s own film historical writings:
family melodrama; German cinema; media archaeology; history, memory,
and trauma.
The Effect of Optical Formation on Highlighting the Features of Urban Identity
Authors:   Department of architecture Biskra University, Algeria., wafa Ahraou , FARHI Abdallah ,   Department of architecture Biskra University, Algeria., Boutabba Hynda ,   GTU institute, M’sila University, Algeria.
Published: February 2021

The study includes four chapters, the first is devoted to reviewing the research problem, its importance, objectives and limitations in addition to defining terms. The second chapter contains the theoretical introduction that includes a definition of optical art and its impact on highlighting features of urbanidentity. The third chapter examines several models in optical formation, where several architectural designs were discussed by its role in highlighting the features of urbanidentity. The fourth chapter includes the results and observations of the role of art and opticalformation in highlighting the urbanidentity. This is because it adds an aesthetic touch and an expression of various creative and unfamiliar ideas to the designer in a waythat occurs a fundamental change in the fixed rules of the viewer and his/her expectations for designs where the creative touch is in the overlay, communication, separation, penetration, segmentation of shapes and colors, and selection of materials needed to implement these designs have the biggest role in highlighting the features of urbanidentity. Where we found that the optical formation of its various types is the main component of architecture that it boasts of, and with what it contains creative ideas that express the reality of urbanidentity.
Once millones de sueños ¿podrán hacerse realidad?
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 67, No. 731, 2012: 459-465.
Salvadoreños en Belice
Authors: Vega Lilian
Published: February 2021

En Belice residen al menos 50 000 salvadoreños, algunos desde la época del conflicto armado en el país, otros más bien llegan durante este siglo XXI, una realidad poco conocida y bastante diversa en términos económicos. Este documento presenta algunos hallazgos logrados durante una investigación exploratoria. Se plantean temas socioeconómicos, como sectores que ofrecen oportunidades de empleo a inmigrantes salvadoreños, bienestar logrado por algunas familias, propiedad de activos, lógica migratoria. Estas problemáticas surgen de la recolección de información que se realizó durante dos viajes de campo; existen otros temas que, por falta de evidencia, se dejan de lado; no obstante, lo encontrado permite mostrar una cara de la realidad beliceña poco conocida y que merece más estudio.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 67, No. 731, 2012: 539-563.
Invitados a la generosidad
Authors: Sariego Jesús M.
Published: February 2021

No hay resúmenes disponibles.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 67, No. 731, 2012: 579-581.
Trusted Partners: Human-Machine Teaming and the Future of Military AI
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Konaev Margarita , Huang Tina , Chahal Husanjot
Published: February 2021

As the U.S. military integrates artificial intelligence into its systems and missions, there are outstanding questions about the role of trust in human-machine teams. This report examines the drivers and effects of such trust, assesses the risks from too much or too little trust in intelligent technologies, reviews efforts to build trustworthy AI systems, and offers future directions for research on trust relevant to the U.S. military.
Alexa, ¿qué era un archivo?
Authors: Delgado Gómez Alejandro , Casellas i Serra Lluís-Esteve , Hernández Olivera Luis M.
Published: February 2021

l venir a ser de la Archivística ha tenido lugar casi siempre en tiempos difíciles, a causa de las frecuentes crisis sociales, económicas, culturales, políticas, con las que ha dado en tropezarse y que también han contribuido a su conformación, pero que tampoco permiten hablar de una crisis propia de la Archivística. Después de todo, no debe ser fácil comenzar una construcción en el curso de distintas revoluciones, algunas guerras mundiales, la aparición de la vanguardia contemporánea, la crisis del 29, la desaparición de la macrociencia, la emergencia de varias contraculturas, la expansión de la democracia o la liberación sexual: como nacimiento, diríase abrupto, pero, no tanto en cuanto susceptible de verse envuelto en tales crisis, sino más bien en cuanto en su capacidad para dejarse impregnar por lo que de enriquecedor tuvieron las que le rodearon.
VLIV POŽÁRNĚ NEBEZPEČNÉHO PROSTORU NA STAVEBNÍ ŘÍZENÍ
Authors: Strnad Michal
Published: February 2021

Kolem hořícího objektu vzniká požárně nebezpečný prostor, ve kterém je nebezpečí přenesení požáru sáláním tepla nebo padajícími částmi konstrukcí hořícího objektu. Šířka požárně nebezpečného prostoru je vymezena odstupovými vzdálenostmi od požárně otevřených ploch požárních úseků hořícího objektu. Požárně nebezpečný prostor nemá zasahovat přes hranici stavebního pozemku kromě veřejného prostranství.
ZHODNOTENIE STAVU STROPNÝCH PANELOV V AGRESÍVNOM PROSTREDÍ
Authors: Hegedüsová Iveta , Priganc Sergej
Published: February 2021

V článku sú prezentované výsledky chemickej analýzy betónových vzoriek odobratých z existujúcich stropných panelov. Panely sú súčasťou nosného systému poľnohospodárskeho ustajňovacieho objektu. Analýza sa previedla za účelom preukázania nepriaznivého vplyvu agresívneho prostredia na betónovú nosnú konštrukciu.
CENOVÁ STATISTIKA STAVEBNICTVÍ
Authors: Nový Martin
Published: February 2021

Vývoj cenové hladiny ve stavebnictví na úrovni vstupů (nákladů) i výstupů (cen) dlouhodobě sleduje Český statistický úřad. Publikované cenové indexy lze použít ve smlouvách o dílo uzavíraných mezi objednatelem a zhotovitelem staveb jako koeficient pro tvorbu pružných cen. Nejnovější výsledky roku 2015 ukazují, že s růstem objemu stavební výroby se deflační vývoj obrátil a v několika posledních čtvrtletích dochází k mírnému inflačnímu růstu cen.
PRAVDĚPODOBNOST DODRŽENÍ NÁKLADŮ Z NÁVRHU VE VÝSTAVBĚ V ČR
Authors: Vitásek Stabislav
Published: February 2021

Článek se zabýv. výpočtem statistických ukazatelů a pravděpodobnosti dosažení pl.novaných nákladů z návrhu stavebního díla, při použití obvyklých nástrojů pro ocenění stavební produkce v ČR. Výpočet statistických veličin, je založen na datové základně třiceti bytových domů realizovaný dvanácti stavebními firmami. Sedmdesát procent bytových domů bylo dokončeno v roce 2015 a zbylé v roce 2014. Dále se článek věnuje rizikům, která mají největší vliv na pohyb skutečně dosažených nákladů oproti návrhu. Konkrétní rizika se získala od zástupců předních stavebních firem v ČR, pomocí Delfské metody. Článek tedy přináší re.lný obraz práce s náklady v českém stavebním prostředí, určený primárně stavebním firmám pro jejich cenovou (obchodní) strategii spolu s návrhy na zvýšen. pravděpodobnosti dosažení pl.novaných nákladů z návrhu stavebního díla v samotné výstavbě.
TVORBA A VIZUALIZÁCIA 3D MAPY PRIEMYSELNÉHO ZÁVODU
Authors: Ježko Ján
Published: February 2021

Cieľom príspevku je priblížiť programové prostriedky vhodné na tvorbu účelovej digitálnej mapy. Stručne je popisovaný grafický systém MicroStation, KOKEŠ, podrobnejšie softvér ATLAS a Atlas DMT, vrátane jeho z.kladných vlastnosti, rozširujúcich modulov a samotnej tvorby 3D modelu a jeho vizualizácie na príklade účelovej digitálnej mapy závodu.
VYUŽITÍ ODPADŮ PŘI PŘÍPRAVĚ ALKALICKY AKTIVOVANÝCH KOMPOZITŮ
Authors: Koňařík Josef , Staněk Stanislav
Published: February 2021

Česká a evropská legislativa je zaměřena na ochranu životního prostředí, udržitelného rozvoje a recyklovatelnost. Nicméně v oblasti stavebnictví jsou stále nejhojněji zastoupena pojiva na bázi portlandského cementu, ačkoli jeho výroba negativně ovlivňuje životní prostředí těžbou přírodních zdrojů a vytvářením emisí CO2. Vhodným řešením tohoto problému se jeví použití alternativních pojiv. Tento příspěvek stručně popisuje nejčastěji používané suroviny pro přípravu alkalicky aktivovaných systémů a vlastnosti připravených kompozitů, v závislosti na použitých surovinách.
DOPAD REALIZÁCIE BETÓNOVEJ KONŠTRUKCIE NA ŽIVOTNÉ PROSTREDIE
Authors: Prokopčáková Katarína , Ledererová Miriam
Published: February 2021

Životné prostredie sa stáva významným rozvojovým potenciálom krajiny a snahou je minimalizovať negatívne vplyvy pôsobiace na jeho kvalitu. Požiadavky zabezpečenia ochrany životného prostredia sú čoraz náročnejšie na kvalitatívne vlastnosti stavebných materiálov, stavebných strojov a pod., z tohto dôvodu výber vstupných prvkov pre stavebnú výrobu musí vychádzať z konfrontácie súčasného stavu s požiadavkami zabezpečovania maximálnej efektívnosti stavebných výrobných procesov pri minimalizovaní negatívnych vplyvov na životné prostredie.
A Cross-Age Study on the Understanding of Heat and Temperature
Authors: Gönen Selahattin , Kocakaya Serhat
Published: February 2021

The aims of this study were considered below under three headings. At these headings; the first was to elicit misconceptions that students had on the terms heat and temperature. The second was to understand how students’ prior learning affected their misconceptions. The third was to determine if students were able to make a connection between their own knowledge and physics in everyday life. To achieve these aims, a paper andpencil test composed of 14 multiple-chosen questions was designed, but only five questions related to heat and temperature. The test was administered to 342 students from different grades that ranged from grade 6 with students aged 11-12 years to Grade 8 with students aged 14-15 years. For this research qualitative methods were used. As a result of the analyses undertaken, it was found that students’ misunderstanding about the heat and temperature influenced their knowledge about these terms. Moreover, it was found that students had difficulties making connections between their knowledge and life experiences. Therefore, it was concluded that although students’ conceptions and misconceptions were acquired and stored, they occurred without ostensible links between everyday life and school experiences. Furthermore, depending on the instruction students received and over time, it was deduced that their conceptual understanding showed a steady increase from Grade 6 to Grade 8, except in the case of Item 1.
Towards Meaningful Learning through Inquiry
Authors: Dumbrajs Sivbritt , Helin Piritta , Kärkkäinen Hanna , Keinonen Tuula
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop and implement a study module including scientific inquiry based experiments in the context of the physical phenomenon of friction, and to assess the learning outcomes. The aim is to describe the levels of students’ understanding after instruction as well as to study where learning is situated on the continuum between meaningful and rote learning. This study is a qualitative case study and the participants of the study are sixth graders from a countryside school. The students studied the issue of friction by doing experiments in collaborative small-groups, following the principles of scientific inquiry. The data was collected firstly, by asking the students prior to the teaching intervention to explain what happens in a picture which shows someone slipping, and secondly, by using an open-ended questionnaire after the teaching intervention. Before instruction, students only used their prior experiences and perceptions in their explanations, whereas after it they also utilized the scientific knowledge and concepts which they had learned during the intervention. After instruction, the students’ answers reflected deeper understanding of the phenomenon, and of the five types of learners found, one type reaches the level of meaningful learning. The finding of five types of learners reflects the complexity of students’ understanding.
Improving the Science Process Skills Ability of Science Student Teachers Using I Diagrams
Authors: Karamustafaoğlu Sevilay
Published: February 2021

This study was carried out to identify the level of Science and Technology student teachers’ science process skills and to determine how efficient I diagrams are in developing these skills. The corpus of the study was consisted of 40 science and technology student teachers who were having Instructional Technologies and Material Design course during the 2009-10 academic years at Amasya University, Faculty of Education. The study was conducted as a basic experimental design. A science process skills test was applied on the student teachers as pre-test and post-test, then the points they got from each test were compared. During the study, the student teachers developed I-diagrams on science topics with the guidance of their supervisors. The resultsrevealed that the student teachers had problems with the pre-tests, and especially with the integrated process skill. At the end of the study it was observed that the student teachers’ skills on developing I-diagrams were increased as well as their integrated process skills problems were disappeared. Accordingly, it was concluded that I-diagrams were important for the acquisition and development of science process skills.
PELAKSANAAN HIGIENE PENJAMAH MAKANAN DAN SANITASI LINGKUNGAN DI INSTALASI GIZI RUMAH SAKIT HOLISTIC PURWAKARTA TAHUN 2016
Authors: Nurseha Ela , Haryanto Irwan , Torina Dian Titis
Published: February 2021

Background: In food hygiene and sanitation activities in hospitals, hygiene of foodstuffs processed as food for inpatients. Diseases transmitted through food may cause mild disease and severe and even lead to death of them caused by the application has not been good as SOP (Standard oprating Procedure).
Objective: To describe efforts to implement hygiene and sanitation in the hospital holistic nutrition installation purwakarta.
Methods: The study design was observational descriptive design. 13 research subjects food handlers 2 nutritionists and 11 food handlers in the installation of Holistic Nutrition Hospital Purwakarta. Data execution of hygiene and sanitation installations home nutrition tabulated data and analyzed descriptively.
Results: The observation of hygiene and sanitation requirements 100% memmenuhi Decree No. 1096/Menkes/Per/VI/2011 and SOP (Standard oprating procedure). Physical acceptance tests for hygiene and sanitation at the plant nutrition Holistic Hospital Purwakarta getting the 83 or 92% according to the group B, the minimum value of the maximum 83 92, or ranking 83-92%.
Conclusion: Environmental sanitation: building, room food processing, sanitary aspects hospitals, materials sanitaiser, sanitaiser equipment and hygiene of food handlers: Health handlers, use of PPE, behavior penjamaha food already eligible under Decree No. 1096/Menkes/Per/VI/2011 and SOP (Standard oprating procedure). Acceptance and implementation of hygiene and sanitation jasanoga class B, a minimum of 83 maximum value of 92, or ranking 83-92%.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DANDUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP KEPATUHAN DIET PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS DI KLINIK BHAKTI HUSADA PURWAKARTA
Authors: Handayani Handayani , Nuravianda L. Yanesti , Haryanto Irwan
Published: February 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a state of chronic hyperglycemia accompanied by various disorders due to hormonal disturbances that cause a variety of chronic complications in the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and blood vessels. Family support is very important to motivate patients in performing the treatment of diabetes mellitus or diet.
Objective: To examine the relationship of knowledge and family support for diet adherence DM outpatient clinic Bhakti Husada Purwakarta.
Methods: This study is observational research with cross sectional design. Subjects were patients with DM Clinic Bhakti Husada Purwakarta amounting to 24 people. The data collected is the level of knowledge, family support, and dietary compliance. Data obtained through questionnaires. Analytical data using Chi-Square test.
Results: The majority of respondents' knowledge level was classified as less (64.3%), and family support respondents to compliance in therapy of type 2 diabetes diet is good (50%). There is a relationship between knowledge and adherence diet DM patients (p = 0.008), but there is no relationship between family support compliance DM patients (p = 0.408).
Conclusion: There is a relationship between knowledge with type 2 diabetes diet adherence.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA ASUPAN ENERGI DAN AKTIFITAS FISIK DENGAN KEBUGARAN JASMANI
Authors: Ridwan Muhammad , Lisnawati Naintina , Enginelina Emillia
Published: February 2021

Background: Physical fitness or cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with a person's ability to perform activities or activities effectively and without excessive fatigue. Results of the survey by a team of developers Sport Development Index (SDI) in 2005 shows the level of physical fitness elementary school across Indonesia are comparatively low.
Objective: To determine the relationship between energy intake and physical activity with the physical fitness of students from SD-IT Albina Purwakarta in school year 2016
Methods: This study used cross-sectional design with stratified random sampling and systematic random sampling methods in the sampling process.A numberof 33 students from class V SD-IT Albina Purwakarta participated in this study. Data of physical activity was measured using 24-hour recall physical activity, energy intake using 24-hour recall, and physical fitness using the Harvard Step Test.Data analysis using Pearson Product Moment and Rank-Spearman test.
Result: Energy intake of the majority of respondents (54.5%) fall into the category deficits, physical activity all respondents (100%) is relatively light and the physical fitness of the respondents (81.8%) included in the low category. There was no significant association between energy intake and physical activity with physical fitness (p=0,413; p=0,297).
Conclusion: There was no significant association between energy intake and physical activity with physical fitness.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI SUSPENSI EKSTRAK DAUN BAYAM DURI (Amaranthus spinosus L.) TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENAN
Authors: Fauzia Rizki Rahmah , Zuniarto Ahmad Azrul
Published: February 2021

Background: Leaves of Thorn Spinach are one of the plants that have pharmacological activity which are to relieve pain and as anti-inflammatory. Inflammation is a normal protective response to tissue injury caused by physical trauma, destructive chemicals, or microbiological agents. In this study, the cause of inflammation was carrageenan injected in white rat.
Objective: This study aimed to determine whether extract and suspension of thorn spinach leaf extract (Amaranthus spinosus L.) was useful to decrease volume of edema and to determine concentration of extract and suspension of thorn spinach leaf extract (Amaranthus spinosus L.) decrease volume of edema in male white rat (Rattus norvegicus).
Methode: Study subjects were 24 males white rat (Rattus norvegicus) with weight ± 200 grams. White rats were divided into 2 large groups with 12 rats for preliminary and 12 rats for treatment. The study was conducted for 6 hours. From the data of edema volume, were calculated AUC (Area Under the Curve) that is the area under the curve between the mean volume of edema against time and percent of anti-inflammatory power. Data were analyzed using ANOVA statistic test, and T-test.
Result: The result showed that extract and suspension of thorn spinach leaf extract (Amaranthus spinosus L.) had effectiveness in decreasing the volume of edema in leg of white rat (Rattus norvegicus) and extract concentration of 50% and suspension of thorn spinach leaf extract concentration of 50% had the most effectiveness in decreasing volume of edema in leg of white rat (Rattus norvegicus) with inhibition percentage as much as 15,63% and 28,08%.
Conclusion: extract and suspension of thorn spinach spinach leaf (Amaranthus spinosus L.) had effectiveness in decreasing the volume of edema in leg of white rat (Rattus norvegicus) and extract concentration of 50% and suspension of thorn spinach leaf extract concentration of 50% had the most effectiveness in decreasing volume of edema in leg of white rat (Rattus norvegicus).
HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI (IMT) DENGAN KONSUMSI OKSIGEN MAKSIMAL (VO2 MAKS) SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN AMANATUL UMMAH SURABAYA
Authors: Amalia Nur Ilma , Kartini Yanis , Amin Nur
Published: February 2021

Background: Nutrition problems overweight and weight less associated with decreased ability of the body both physical and mental, decreased ability to think, increased risk of pain, and slowing the healing process of disease. One form of decreased physical ability can be seen from the low stamina of a person, stamina is determined by VO2 max, VO2 max is the maximal oxygen  uptake or maximal oxygen volume utilized in the exercise until the occurrence of fatigue.
Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship of nutritional status with VO2 max of student of Amanatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School, Surabaya.
Method: The method used in this research is analytic survey research method with cross sectional approach. The population in this study is all students of class 11 Madrasah Aliyah MBI class in Amanatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School, Surabaya as many as 24 students with 20 samples and taken by using Purposive sampling. Independent variable Nutritional status was measured using BMI calculation and max dependent variable VO2 was measured using multistage step test.
Results: The result showed that students in Amanatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School, Surabaya mostly (55%) have normal nutritional status, the students in Amanatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School, Surabaya almost half (45%) have very low VO2 max. The result of statistical test showed that there was no correlation between the nutritional status with VO2 max of students of Amanatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School, Surabaya p = 0,200 (p> 0,05).
Conclusion: The conclusion of the research is students in Amanatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School, Surabaya mostly have normal nutritional status. Students in Amanatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School, Surabaya some of them have VO2 max value is very less. There is no correlation between the relationship of nutritional status on VO2 max of Amanatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School, Surabaya.
PEMBUATAN SEDIAAN LULUR SERBUK TRADISIONAL BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L) DAN PATI KEDELAI (Glycine max L) UNTUK MENGATASI KULIT KERING
Authors: Nurmala Tiya , Handayani Reti Puji , Farhan Farhan
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Setiap orang pernah menderita kekeringan kulit, gatal, bersisik dan kemerahan karena berbagai macam penyebab. Kulit kering atau Xerosis cutis merupakan kelainan kulit dimana kulit menjadi kasar, bersisik, berkeriput dan kurang elastis dibandingkan kulit normal dan kering pada perabaan. Prevalensi xerosis di Indonesia adalah 50%-80% sedangkan pada beberapa negara lain seperti Brazil, Australia, Turki, dan lain-lain adalah 35%-70%. Merawat kulit secara teratur dapat dilakukan menggunakan lulur tradisional dari bahan alam. Penggunaan biji pepaya pada umumnya hanya dibuang atau di tanam atau dimanfaatkan sebagai bibit untuk dibudidayakan, padahal sebenarnya biji pepaya bisa diolah menjadi suatu sediaan yang bermanfaat. Biji pepaya kaya akan manfaat untuk kulit. Selain itu perawatan kulit kering juga dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan kacang kedelai dan minyak zaitun.

Tujuan: Membuat dan menguji stabilitas sediaan secara organoleptis dan pH pada sediaan lulur serbuk tradisional untuk mengatasi kulit kering dari biji pepaya (Carica papaya L) dan pati kedelai (Glycine max L) dengan minyak zaitun sebagai penambah aroma.

Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan atau action research dengan instrumen lembar pengamatan. Pengujian stabilitas sediaan lulur serbuk tradisional dilakukan selama 3 minggu pada suhu sejuk 100C dan suhu kamar 250C.

Hasil: Menunjukkan bahwa sediaan lulur serbuk tradisional biji pepaya dan pati kedelai yang disimpan pada suhu sejuk 100C memiliki stabilitas organoleptik bentuk, bau, warna serta tidak adanya jamur dan memiliki pH yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan penyimpanan pada suhu kamar 250C.

Simpulan: Dari penelitian ini memberikan hasil dan stabilitas yang baik selama 3 minggu. Diharapkan penelitian selanjutnya dapat melakukan pengujian lain selain uji organoleptis dan pH dengan bentuk sediaan yang berbeda dari bahan biji pepaya dan kacang kedelai.
PEMBUATAN KUE KAPIT SARI DAUN LIDAH BUAYA ( Aloe vera L. ) SEBAGAI PRODUK ALAMIAH INOVATIF SIAP KONSUMSI BAGI MASYARAKAT NON AGRARIS UNTUK MENJAGA KESEHATAN LAMBUNG
Authors: Haque Monalisa Fadhilah , Putra Risa Kota , Ratnasari Dewi
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera L.) merupakan tanaman yang biasa digunakan masyarakat untuk mengobati penyakit lambung, tetapi penggunaan lidah buaya dalam bentuk ekstrak kurang praktis, mudah rusak dan akseptabilitasnya rendah. Sehingga perlu adanya inovasi sediaan yang praktis dan tahan lama pada penyimpanannya.

Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan menyediakan produk alamiah inovatif dalam bentuk kue kapit sari daun lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.) untuk menjaga kesehatan lambung agar mudah dikonsumsi, praktis dan mudah dibawa kemana-mana oleh masyarakat non agraris.

Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian tindakan. Penelitian ini dibuat dengan mencampurkan 150 gram sari lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.), tepung beras 150 gr, tepung sagu 50 gr, satu butir telur ayam ras, 100 gr gula pasir, 0,3 gr garam dan tiga variasi jumlah santan kelapa yang berbeda. Variasi jumlah komposisi santan kelapa yang digunakan 30 mL, 80 mL, dan 130 mL.

Hasil: Hasil variasi komposisi yang paling memenuhi syarat kriteria kue kapit dan tingkat kerapuhan yang sedang yaitu dengan penambahan santan kelapa 80 mL dari jumlah adonan 400 mL. Pengujian organoleptik sediaan dilakukan selama 21 hari pada suhu 25°C meliputi bau, bentuk, rasa, tektur, warna dan pertumbuhan jamur, hasil uji organoleptik sediaan kue kapit sari daun lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.) relatif stabil tidak terjadi perubahan dan tidak adanya pertumbuhan jamur selama 21 hari.

Simpulan: Simpulan dari penelitian ini didapatkan kriteria yang paling baik adalah F2 dengan penambahan santan kelapa 80 mL dari  jumlah bahan 400 mL menunjukkan kandungan sari lidah buaya 9,37 gram yang dapat bertahan selama tiga minggu.
PEMBUATAN DAN UJI ORGANOLEPTIK SEDIAAN GEL DAUN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica L. Urban) DENGAN DAGING LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera) UNTUK LUKA BAKAR
Authors: Septiani Yurika , Puspariki Jenta , Farhan Farhan
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Luka bakar merupakan kerusakan pada jaringan kulit yang disebabkan oleh benda panas, sengatan listrik, bahan kimia ataupun radiasi. Herba pegagan dan lidah buaya merupakan tanaman yang dikenal mempunyai khasiat menyembuhkan luka bakar.
Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sediaan gel luka bakar terbuat dari daun pegagan dengan lidah buaya serta mengetahui stabilitas dilihat dari uji organoleptik selama 3 minggu.
Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian tindakan (action research) yang terdiri dari empat komponen, yaitu perencanaan (planning), tindakan (acting), pengamatan (observing) dan refleksi (reflecting). Sediaan dibuat menjadi 3 formulasi dari simplisia daun pegagan dan gel daging lidah buaya dengan komposisi F1 (75% daun pegagan, 25% lidah buaya), F2 (50% daun pegagan, 50% lidah buaya), F3 (25% daun pegagan, 75% lidah buaya).
Hasil: Sediaan gel kombinasi daging lidah lidah buaya dengan pegagan yang dibuat pada penelitian ini ada dalam 3(tiga) formulasi yaitu F1, F2 dan F3 dengan komposisi F1 (75% Ekstrak Daun Pegagan, 25% Ekstrak Daging Lidah Buaya) menghasilkan sediaan berbentuk semi solid, berwarna hijau cokelat pekat, aroma khas ekstrak pegagan dengan tekstur lembek lengket. Untuk F2 dengan komposisi (50% Ekstrak Pegagan dan 50%, Ekstrak Daging Lidah Buaya) menghasilkan sediaan berbentuk semi solid, berwarna hijau cokelat pekat, aroma khas ekstrak pegagan dengan terkstur licin lengket. F3 dengan komposisi (25% Ekstrak Pegagan, 75% Ekstrak Daging Lidah Buaya) menghasilkan sediaan berbentuk semi solid, berwarna hijau cokelat pekat, aroma khas ekstrak pegagan dengan tekstur cair lengket.
Simpulan: Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah gel untuk luka bakar F1 stabil dalam penyimpanan suhu kamar serta aman digunakan oleh masyarakat dengan rentang pH 6.
PEMBUATAN DAN UJI ORGANOLEPTIK SEDIAAN MINUMAN SERBUK INSTAN DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) DAN KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata L.) UNTUK MEMPERLANCAR PRODUKSI AIR SUSU IBU (ASI)
Authors: Widianto Diaz Ananda , Yanto Elih Sutisna , Handayani Reti Puji
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: ASI (Air Susu Ibu) adalah suatu emulsi lemak dalam larutan protein, laktose dan garam-garam organik yang disekresi oleh kedua belah kelenjar payudara ibu, sebagai makanan utama bagi bayi. Sekarang ini banyak ibu yang memberikan ASI kurang dari enam bulan karena beberapa faktor seperti bayi sakit, lelah bekerja dan stress, sehingga produksi ASI tidak lancar dan lain–lain. Daun pepaya mengandung beberapa nutrisi penting, beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan, Entin (2002) yang membuktikan bahwa daun katuk, daun pare, dan daun pepaya merupakan suplemen yang merupakan tanaman tradisional dan memiliki potensi meningkatkan produksi air susu ibu4. Kacang hijau juga mengandung senyawa aktif yaitu polifenol dan flavonoid yang berfungsi meningkatkan hormon produksi ASI.
Tujuan: Membuat sediaan minuman serbuk instan dan stabilitas dalam uji organoleptik selama tiga minggu dengan pemanfaatan tumbuhan daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) dan Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.) untuk memperlancar produksi air susu ibu (ASI) dengan pembuatan yang mudah dan praktis.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan disain penelitian tindakan (action research). Sediaan dengan formulasi gula yang berbeda, yaitu F1 daun pepaya 5 gram, kacang hijau 41,6 gram, gula 60 gram. F2 daun pepaya 5 gram, kacang hijau 41,6 gram, gula 90 gram. Dan F3 daun pepaya 5 gram, kacang hijau 41,6 gram, gula 120 gram. Sampel di simpan dalam penyimpanan yang sama, yaitu dalam suhu ruangan 20-250C.
Hasil: Menunjukkan bahwa sediaan minuman serbuk instan daun pepaya dan kacang hijau yang disimpan pada suhu ruangan 20-250C memiliki stabilitas organoleptik bentuk, bau, dan warna.
Simpulan: Dari hasil pengujian orgnaloleptik dihasilkan 3 sediaan dengan rasa yang sedikit berbeda salah satunya mempunyai rasa yang lebih enak yaitu rasanya tidak terlalu manis serta tidak terlalu pahit sediaan ini dapat bertahan selama tiga minggu dengan keadaan fisik yang relatif tidak berubah.
Validation of aerosol backscatter profiles from Raman lidar and ceilometer using balloon-borne measurements
Authors: Brunamonti Simone , Martucci Giovanni , Romanens Gonzague , Poltera Yann , Wienhold Frank G. , Hervo Maxime , Haefele Alexander , Navas-Guzmán Francisco
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Remote-sensing measurements by light detection and ranging (lidar)
instruments are fundamental for the monitoring of altitude-resolved aerosol
optical properties. Here we validate vertical profiles of aerosol
backscatter coefficient (βaer) measured by two independent lidar
systems using co-located balloon-borne measurements performed by Compact
Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector (COBALD) sondes. COBALD provides
high-precision in situ measurements of βaer at two wavelengths
(455 and 940 nm). The two analyzed lidar systems are the research Raman
Lidar for Meteorological Observations (RALMO) and the commercial CHM15K
ceilometer (Lufft, Germany). We consider in total 17 RALMO and 31 CHM15K
profiles, co-located with simultaneous COBALD soundings performed throughout
the years 2014–2019 at the MeteoSwiss observatory of Payerne (Switzerland).
The RALMO (355 nm) and CHM15K (1064 nm) measurements are converted to 455 and 940 nm, respectively, using the Ångström exponent profiles
retrieved from COBALD data. To account for the different receiver field-of-view (FOV) angles between the two lidars (0.01–0.02∘) and COBALD
(6∘), we derive a custom-made correction using Mie-theory
scattering simulations. Our analysis shows that both lidar instruments
achieve on average a good agreement with COBALD measurements in the boundary
layer and free troposphere, up to 6 km altitude. For medium-high-aerosol-content measurements at altitudes below 3 km, the mean ± standard
deviation difference in βaer calculated from all considered
soundings is −2 % ± 37 % (−0.018 ± 0.237 Mm−1 sr−1 at 455 nm) for RALMO−COBALD and +5 % ± 43 %
(+0.009 ± 0.185 Mm−1 sr−1 at 940 mm) for CHM15K−COBALD. Above 3 km altitude, absolute deviations generally decrease, while
relative deviations increase due to the prevalence of air masses with low
aerosol content. Uncertainties related to the FOV correction and spatial- and
temporal-variability effects (associated with the balloon's drift with
altitude and different integration times) contribute to the large standard
deviations observed at low altitudes. The lack of information on the aerosol
size distribution and the high atmospheric variability prevent an accurate
quantification of these effects. Nevertheless, the excellent agreement
observed in individual profiles, including fine and complex structures in
the βaer vertical distribution, shows that under optimal
conditions, the discrepancies with the in situ measurements are typically
comparable to the estimated statistical uncertainties in the remote-sensing
measurements. Therefore, we conclude that βaer profiles measured
by the RALMO and CHM15K lidar systems are in good agreement with in situ
measurements by COBALD sondes up to 6 km altitude.
Intercomparison of IBBCEAS, NitroMAC and FTIR for HONO, NO2 and HCHO measurements during the reaction of NO2 with H2O vapor in the atmospheric simulation chamber of CESAM
Authors: Yi Hongming , Cazaunau Mathieu , Gratien Aline , Michoud Vincent , Pangui Edouard , Doussin Jean-Francois , Chen Weidong
Published: February 2021

Abstract. We report on applications of ultraviolet light emitted diode based incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (UV-LED-IBBCEAS) technique for optical monitoring of HONO, NO2 and CH2O in a simulation chamber. Performance intercomparison of the UV-LED-IBBCEAS with a wet chemistry-based NitroMAC sensor and a FTIR spectrometer has been carried out on real time simultaneous measurement of HONO, NO2 and CH2O concentrations during the reaction of NO2 with H2O vapor in the CESAM atmospheric simulation chamber. 1-σ (SNR = 1) detection limits of 200 pptv for NO2, 100 pptv for HONO and 5 ppbv for CH2O over 120 s were found for the UV-LED-IBBCEAS measurement. On the contrary to many set-ups where cavities are installed outside the simulation chamber, we describe here an original in-situ permanent installation. The intercomparison results demonstrate that IBBCEAS is a very well suitable technique for in situ simultaneous measurements of multiple chemically reactive species with high sensitivity and high precision even if the absorption bands of these species are overlapped. It offers excellent capacity to non-invasive optical monitoring of chemical reaction without any perturbation. For the application to simulation chamber, it has the advantage to provide a spatially integrated measurement across the reactor and hence to avoid point sampling related artefact.
INFORMÁTICA NA EDUCAÇÃO: VANTAGENS E EMPECILHOS
Authors: Simão Cristine Isabel , Ribas Mariná Holzmann
Published: February 2021

Adentramos o século XXI com a certeza de que o conhecimento será a principal fonte de riqueza do homem, cercada pelas altas tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Não poderíamos deixar de dizer que as tecnologias, dentre elas o computador, chegaram à educação, mesmo que ainda de forma suave. O presente trabalho relata uma investigação sobre as vantagens e os empecilhos do uso do computador na educação, verificando que, apesar de a jornada da informática na educação não ser insipiente, há muito que fazer. O trabalho nos aponta outro viés pelo qual a informática na educação deverá ter suas atenções redobradas, que é a formação do professor, uma formação que precisa despontar para novos caminhos de uso pedagógico do computador, num processo de mudanças de paradigmas, rompendo barreiras. As experiências realizadas e relatadas pelos professores neste trabalho nos dão a esperança de que os diferentes usos do computador na educação possam vir a ser uma ferramenta poderosa à disposição dos professores, porque as vantagens do seu uso são imensas. As experiências se mostram favoráveis, mesmo diante de inúmeras dificuldades, e o desejo de mudar está dentro de cada um desses profissionais, que buscam incansavelmente novas formas de ensinar e também de aprender, dando vida à educação. Diante da realidade relatada, alguns caminhos podem ser apontados como possíveis mudanças, com a finalidade de contribuir para que a informática na educação tenha um lugar de destaque dentro das nossas escolas públicas. Palavras-chave: Formação de professores. Tecnologia. Informática na educação.
QUANDO ENSINAR NÃO É O MAIS IMPORTANTE: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O TRABALHO DOCENTE E O OFÍCIO DO ALUNO NO CONTEXTO ATUAL
Authors: Alves Wanderson Ferreira
Published: February 2021

O objetivo do presente texto é analisar alguns aspectos do trabalho do professor e do ofício do aluno no contexto das profundas transformações contemporâneas. O trabalho foi constituído a partir do apoio teórico em autores que discutem o tema e em estudos recentes que abordam as questões aqui levantadas. Sempre que possível ilustro com alguns aspectos da política educacional adotada em dois estados brasileiros, nomeadamente o estado de Goiás e o estado de São Paulo. A análise enfoca três dimensões. A primeira delas se refere às mudanças no papel do Estado e suas repercussões sobre o campo educativo, enfocando o movimento de ‘responsabilização’ e ‘desresponsabilização’ e a gestão. A segunda diz respeito ao trabalho do professor, destacando a formação, as condições de trabalho e o sentido de ensinar na atualidade. A terceira trata especificamente do aluno e das novas situações com que este vem se defrontando, particularmente na sua conversão em cliente ou consumidor, bem como ao universo de exigências do mercado de trabalho e sua repercussão na escola. Finalizando, levanto a hipótese de que o conjunto dos processos a que a educação escolar vem sendo submetida em uma sociedade crescentemente regida pelo lucro pode levar a mudanças significativas nos sentidos da docência e na ética que orienta o trabalho do professor.
A FAMÍLIA DO EDUCANDO COM DIFICULDADE DE APRENDIZAGEM: UM ESTUDO DE REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS
Authors: Colus Fátima Aparecida Maglio , Lima Rita de Cássia Pereira
Published: February 2021

A idéia de desenvolver este trabalho surgiu em decorrência da necessidade de se compreender como e por que a família vem sendo apontada nos últimos anos como responsável pelo desempenho insatisfatório de alunos com dificuldades de aprendizagem no âmbito escolar. Supõe-se que estudar a família neste ângulo, apreender as interações sociais, conflitivas ou harmoniosas, entre a instituição escolar e a familiar, é relevante, pois ambas coexistem numa relação de interdependência que interferirá, mesmo indiretamente, na aprendizagem do educando. Realiza-se o presente estudo com o objetivo de analisar as representações sociais de professores sobre a família de alunos com dificuldades de aprendizagem. A pesquisa fundamentou-se no referencial da Teoria da Representação Social (TRS), inaugurada por Serge Moscovici, em 1961. Os participantes foram 13 professores de Ribeirão Preto (SP) do Ensino Fundamental (1ª a 4ª série), cursistas do Programa Letra e Vida, curso de formação de professores alfabetizadores promovido pela Secretaria Estadual de Educação de São Paulo (SEE/SP). Para a coleta de dados utilizaram-se questionários e entrevistas semiestruturadas, que foram transcritas e submetidas a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram uma representação da família ideal, não condizente com a real, aquela que interage com o cotidiano escolar. Para os participantes, a família real não tem condições de dar apoio, atenção e afeto a esses educandos. As representações sociais dos professores sobre a família de alunos com dificuldades de aprendizagem revelam que o desempenho escolar insatisfatório do educando é causado pela família, que não acompanha as tarefas escolares. A escola é eximida da responsabilidade. Palavras-chave: Família. Dificuldades de aprendizagem. Representação social.
COMPETÊNCIA PARA FAZER FACE À VIOLÊNCIA: DEFININDO A COMPETÊNCIA INTERRELACIONAL DO(A)EDUCADOR(A) NO MANEJO DA VIOLÊNCIA NA ESCOLA
Authors: De Andrade Fernando Cézar Bezerra
Published: February 2021

Após apresentar o cenário dos estudos sobre a violência na escola e sumarizar o debate sobre competência em educação, define-se o conceito de competência inter-relacional do(a) educador(a) escolar, reconhecida como condição necessária à intervenção eficaz desse(a) profissional nos processos de gestão de conflitos e de superação ou prevenção à violência na escola. Em seguida, para demonstrá-la, apresentam-se elementos indicativos da formação e da aplicação dessa competência, tais como coletados em depoimento obtido durante entrevista concedida por uma diretora de escola da rede pública de ensino fundamental e médio em João Pessoa – Paraíba, e analisados a partir da teoria winnicottiana.