bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the possibility of a novel (A)dS/CFT relationship emerging in Asymptotic Safety
Authors: Ferrero Renata , Reuter Martin
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Quantum Einstein Gravity (QEG), nonperturbatively renormalized by means of a certain asymptotically safe renormalization group (RG) trajectory, is explored by solving its scale dependent effective field equations and embedding the family of emerging 4-dimensional spacetimes into a single 5-dimensional manifold, which thus encodes the complete information about all scales. By construction the latter manifold is furnished with a natural foliation. Heuristically, its leaves are interpreted as physical spacetime observed on different scales of the experimental resolution. Generalizing earlier work on the embedding of d-dimensional Euclidean QEG spacetimes in (d + 1)-dimensional flat or Ricci flat manifolds, we admit Lorentzian signature in this paper and we consider embeddings in arbitrary (d + 1)-dimensional Einstein spaces. Special attention is paid to the sector of maximally symmetric metrics, and the fundamental definition of QEG in d = 4 that employs the cross-over trajectory connecting the non-Gaussian to the Gaussian RG fixed point. Concerning the embedding of the resulting family of 4D de Sitter solutions with a running Hubble parameter, we find that there are only two possible 5D spacetimes, namely the anti-de Sitter manifold AdS5 and the de Sitter manifold dS5. To arrive at this result essential use is made of the monotone scale dependence of the running cosmological constant featured by the gravitational effective average action. We show that if the scale invariance of the QEG fixed points extends to full conformal invariance, the 5D picture of the resulting geometric and field theoretic structure displays a novel kind of “AdS/CFT correspondence”. While strongly reminiscent of the usual string theory-based AdS/CFT correspondence, also clear differences are found.
Nonlinear automorphism of the conformal algebra in 2D and continuous $$ \sqrt{T\overline{T}} $$ deformations
Authors: Tempo David , Troncoso Ricardo
Published: December 2022

Abstract

The conformal algebra in 2D (Diff(S1)⨁Diff(S1)) is shown to be preserved under a nonlinear map that mixes both chiral (holomorphic) generatorsTand$$ \overline{T} $$T¯. It depends on a single real parameter and it can be regarded as a “nonlinear SO(1,1) automorphism.” The map preserves the form of the momentum density and naturally induces a flow on the energy density by a marginal$$ \sqrt{T\overline{T}} $$TT¯deformation. In turn, the general solution of the corresponding flow equation of the deformed action can be analytically solved in closed form, recovering the nonlinear automorphism. The deformed CFT2can also be described through the original theory on a field-dependent curved metric whose lapse and shift functions are given by the variation of the deformed Hamiltonian with respect to the energy and momentum densities, respectively. The conformal symmetries of the deformed theories can then also be seen to arise from diffeomorphisms that fulfill suitably deformed conformal Killing equations. Besides, Cardy formula is shown to map to itself under the nonlinear automorphism. As a simple example, the deformation ofNfree bosons is briefly addressed, making contact with recent related results and the dimensional reduction of the ModMax theory. Furthermore, the nonlinear map between the conformal algebra in 2D and its ultra/non-relativistic versions (BMS3≈CCA2≈GCA2), including the corresponding finite$$ \sqrt{T\overline{T}} $$TT¯deformation, are recovered from a limiting case of the nonlinear automorphism. The extension to a three-parameter nonlinear ISO(1,1) automorphism of the conformal algebra, and a discrete nonlinear automorphism of BMS3are also briefly discussed.
Dijet azimuthal correlations in p-p and p-Pb collisions at forward LHC calorimeters
Authors: Al-Mashad M. Abdullah , van Hameren A. , Kakkad H. , Kotko P. , Kutak K. , Van Mechelen P. , Sapeta S.
Published: December 2022

Abstract

We present a state-of-the-art computation for the production of dijets in proton-proton and proton-lead collisions at the LHC, in forward rapidity domains covered by the ATLAS calorimeter and the planned FoCal extension of the ALICE detector. We use the small-x improved TMD (ITMD) formalism, together with collinearly improved TMD gluon distributions and full b-space Sudakov resummation, and discuss nonperturbative corrections due to hadronization and showers using the Pythia event generator. We observe that the production of forward dijets in proton-nucleus collisions at moderately low pT is an excellent probe of saturation effects, and demonstrate that the Sudakov resummation does not alter the suppression of the cross section.
Simple analytical model to use in CAD tools for designing FSS devices: plasmonic transmission through hole arrays in thin films
Authors: Ali Nouran M. , Ali Tamer A.
Published: December 2022

Modeling of nano-structured plasmonic surfaces in optical range has attracted great attention in recent research for its various optical properties such as filtering and enhanced transmission of light. In this paper, we present a simple nanocircuit model that can be integrated in CAD tools to design filters and perfect absorbers FSS devices that are based on plasmonic transmission through thin films structured by hole arrays. To illustrate the model potential, we applied it for both circular and square hole arrays on a silver thin film. The model is demonstrated for different structure parameters (hole size and film thickness) in optical frequencies. We show that the model results compare to the numerical calculations obtained from COMSOL Multiphysics software with acceptable deviation and that the model achieves good matching with previously reported experimental measurements.
Stokes, Gibbs, and Volume Computation of Semi-Algebraic Sets
Authors: Tacchi Matteo , Lasserre Jean Bernard , Henrion Didier
Published: December 2022

We consider the problem of computing the Lebesgue volume of compact basic semi-algebraic sets. In full generality, it can be approximated as closely as desired by a converging hierarchy of upper bounds obtained by applying the Moment-SOS (sums of squares) methodology to a certain infinite-dimensional linear program (LP). At each step one solves a semidefinite relaxation of the LP which involves pseudo-moments up to a certain degree. Its dual computes a polynomial of same degree which approximates from above the discontinuous indicator function of the set, hence with a typical Gibbs phenomenon which results in a slow convergence of the associated numerical scheme. Drastic improvements have been observed by introducing in the initial LP additional linear moment constraints obtained from a certain application of Stokes’ theorem for integration on the set. However and so far there was no rationale to explain this behavior. We provide a refined version of this extended LP formulation. When the set is the smooth super-level set of a single polynomial, we show that the dual of this refined LP has an optimal solution which is a continuous function. Therefore in this dual one now approximates a continuous function by a polynomial, hence with no Gibbs phenomenon, which explains and improves the already observed drastic acceleration of the convergence of the hierarchy. Interestingly, the technique of proof involves recent results on Poisson’s partial differential equation (PDE).
Systematic review of caregiver burden, unmet needs and quality-of-life among informal caregivers of patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Chong Eric , Crowe Lisa , Mentor Keno , Pandanaboyana Sanjay , Sharp Linda
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Informal caregivers play an important supportive care role for patients with cancer. This may be especially true for pancreatic cancer which is often diagnosed late, has a poor prognosis and is associated with a significant symptom burden. We systematically reviewed the evidence on caregiver burden, unmet needs and quality-of-life of informal caregivers to patients with pancreatic cancer.

Method

PubMed, Medline, CINAHL and Embase databases were systematically searched on 31 August 2021. Qualitative and quantitative data on informal caregivers’ experiences were extracted and coded into themes of burden, unmet needs or quality-of-life with narrative synthesis of the data undertaken.

Results

Nine studies (five qualitative, four quantitative), including 6023 informal caregivers, were included in the review. We categorised data into three key themes: caregiver burden, unmet needs and quality-of-life. Data on caregiver burden was organised into a single subtheme relating to symptom management as a source of burden. Data on unmet needs was organised into three subthemes need for: better clinical communication; support and briefings for caregivers; and help with navigating the health care system. Data on quality-of-life indicate large proportions of informal caregivers experience clinical levels of anxiety (33%) or depression (12%-32%). All five qualitative studies were graded as good quality; three quantitative studies were poor quality, and one was fair quality.

Conclusion

High-quality pancreatic cancer care should consider the impacts of informal caregiving. Prospective longitudinal studies examining multiple dimensions of caregiver burden, needs, and quality-of-life would be valuable at informing supportive care cancer delivery to pancreatic cancer informal caregivers.
On generic convergence of successive approximations of mappings with convex and compact point images
Authors: Bargetz Christian , Medjic Emir , Pirk Katriin
Published: December 2022

We study the generic behavior of the method of successive approximations for set-valued mappings in separable Banach spaces. We consider the case of nonexpansive mappings with convex and compact point images and show that for the typical such mapping and typical points of its domain the sequence of successive approximations is unique and converges to a fixed point of the mapping.
On a three–dimensional model for the description of the passive characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue
Authors: Walter Fabian , Seydewitz Robert , Mitterbach Philipp , Siebert Tobias , Böl Markus
Published: December 2022

In this work, a three–dimensional model was developed to describe the passive mechanical behaviour of anisotropic skeletal muscle tissue. To validate the model, orientation–dependent axial ($$0^\circ$$

0
∘

, $$45^\circ$$

45
∘

, $$90^\circ$$

90
∘

) and semi–confined compression experiments (mode I, II, III) were performed on soleus muscle tissue from rabbits. In the latter experiments, specimen deformation is prescribed in the loading direction and prevented in an additional spatial direction, fibre compression at $$0^\circ$$

0
∘

(mode I), fibre elongation at $$90^\circ$$

90
∘

(mode II) and a neutral state of the fibres at $$90^\circ$$

90
∘

where their length is kept constant (mode III). Overall, the model can adequately describe the mechanical behaviour with a relatively small number of model parameters. The stiffest tissue response during orientation–dependent axial compression ($$-\,7.7\,\pm \,1.3$$

-

7.7

±

1.3

 kPa) occurs when the fibres are oriented perpendicular to the loading direction ($$90^\circ$$

90
∘

) and are thus stretched during loading. Semi–confined compression experiments yielded the stiffest tissue ($$-\,36.7\,\pm \,11.2$$

-

36.7

±

11.2

 kPa) in mode II when the muscle fibres are stretched. The extensive data set collected in this study allows to study the different error measures depending on the deformation state or the combination of deformation states.
The Complementarity Investment in University-Industry Collaboration
Authors: Sun Jeffrey C. , Turner Heather A.
Published: December 2022

University-industry collaborations have been largely met with skepticism and resistance from faculty critics, who are concerned about the Academy adopting market-like behaviors and relying too heavily on industry. Yet, the pressures to engage in collaborations with industry, particularly to provide capital for universities, are likely to continue to increase. Guided by the capital-skill hypothesis, this study seeks to examine these realities through a case of a university-industry collaboration. We use an action research approach to analyze a collaboration between an academic college with a non-corporate centric focus at a public research university and a corporate entity within the healthcare field in which the college was contracted to develop a diversity, equity, and inclusion plan for the healthcare company. Findings illustrate how universities and industry can mutually benefit from collaborations when they adhere to what the authors refer to as the complementarity investment framework. Generated from the findings, this framework consists of four UIC design components: (a) the parties identify and clarify their roles, activities, and contributions to manage expectations; (b) the parties participate in learning exchanges, which are significantly valued as a component to this UIC; (c) the parties are open to experiences including unintended, yet positive, outcomes emerging from the UIC; and (d) the parties capitalize on the expert development by guiding and mentoring students as apprentices.
The Use of Religious Capital as a Coping Strategy in Self-care by Type 2 Diabetes Patients in a Ghanaian Hospital
Authors: Korsah Kwadwo Ameyaw
Published: December 2022

Given the importance Ghanaians attribute to spirituality and religiosity in terms of disease causation and management, this study explored the use of religious capital as a coping strategy by individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in self-care at the Techiman Holy Family Hospital Diabetes Clinic in the Bono East Region of Ghana. An exploratory descriptive qualitative research design was employed for the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of twenty-seven (27) individuals recruited from the diabetes clinic. Content analysis was employed to find themes, which included: (1) Use of Prayer and Fasting for Courage from God, (2) Reliance on God as the Creator of Human Beings who Cures and Heals Diseases in the Body, (3) God as Source of life in times of Illness (Drawing life from God in times of illness), (4) Faith and Hope in God, and (5) Doctors and Nurses as Substitutes for God. The findings advocate the need to incorporate religiosity and spirituality into the provision of healthcare for individuals with diabetes to help them live productive lives.
Partitioning product footprint changes into yield and environmental improvement effects: toward life cycle assessment of agricultural system transitions
Authors: Hayashi Kiyotada
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Recent agricultural policies require the complementary use of area-based and product-based environmental indicators to assess agricultural system transitions because both alleviating productivity-environment trade-offs and increasing food value chain sustainability are crucial in successful policy decisions. However, there is a dilemma due to the exclusiveness between representing trade-offs in the transition paths and connecting the calculated results to the assessment of downstream food products. Here, this paper proposes a procedure to resolve the dilemma.

Methods

The dilemma-resolving procedure is to partition product footprint changes into yield and environmental improvement effects in the same unit as the product footprint. After specifying a typology of transition toward agricultural sustainability, the partitioning procedure was developed on the basis of mapping from a two-dimensional space (area-based indicators) to a one-dimensional space (product-based indicators). To demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of the partitioning procedure, this paper applied it to the three categories of agricultural system transitions, including those to organic agriculture, integrated production, and production systems involving new agricultural inputs such as microbial inoculants and biostimulants, using the cases of the impact category of global warming (carbon footprint). The transition dataset (matched pairs) was constructed using a bibliographical survey.

Results and discussion

The results indicate that the partitioning procedure is effective and has good performance: (1) it was able to apply to all the cases in the dataset and to classify all the cases into six specified transition types; (2) it was differentiable between the three transition categories; and (3) it was able to explain the features of each transition category. These results imply that the perspective on agricultural system transitions can be integrated with the perspective on food value chains. Therefore, productivity-environment trade-offs during the research and development phase of agricultural technologies can be linked to environmental mitigation practices along the food value chains.

Conclusions

The results imply that, by applying the partitioning procedure, the recent agricultural policy framework contained two exclusive perspectives can be explained consistently. Every stakeholder related to agricultural policy making should be explicit about product-environment trade-offs during agricultural system transitions, as well as about food value chain sustainability. The partitioning procedure facilitates such stakeholder practices.
Transgene Expression and Transposition Efficiency of Two-Component Sleeping Beauty Transposon Vector Systems Utilizing Plasmid or mRNA Encoding the Transposase
Authors: Tschorn Natalie , van Heuvel Yasemin , Stitz Jörn
Published: December 2022

The use of two-component transposon plasmid vector systems, namely, a transposase construct and a donor vector carrying the gene of interest (GOI) can accelerate the development of recombinant cell lines. However, the undesired stable transfection of the transposase construct and the sustained expression of the enzyme can cause genetic instability due to the re-mobilization of the previously transposed donor vectors. Using a Sleeping Beauty-derived vector system, we established three recombinant cell pools and demonstrate stable integration of the transposase construct and sustained expression of the transposase over a period of 48 days. To provide an alternative approach, transcripts of the transposase gene were generated in vitro and co-transfected with donor vector plasmid at different ratios and mediating high GOI copy number integrations and expression levels. We anticipate that the use of transposase mRNA will foster further improvements in future cell line development processes.
Increased ATP Release and Higher Impact of Adenosine A2A Receptors on Corticostriatal Plasticity in a Rat Model of Presymptomatic Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Gonçalves Francisco Q. , Matheus Filipe C. , Silva Henrique B. , Real Joana I. , Rial Daniel , Rodrigues Ricardo J. , Oses Jean-Pierre , Silva António C. , Gonçalves Nélio , Prediger Rui D. , Tomé Ângelo R. , Cunha Rodrigo A.
Published: December 2022

Extracellular ATP can be a danger signal, but its role in striatal circuits afflicted in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is unclear and was now investigated. ATP was particularly released at high stimulation intensities from purified striatal nerve terminals of mice, which were endowed with different ATP-P2 receptors (P2R), although P2R antagonists did not alter corticostriatal transmission or plasticity. Instead, ATP was extracellularly catabolized into adenosine through CD73 to activate adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) modulating corticostriatal long-term potentiation (LTP) in mice. In the presymptomatic phase of a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of PD, ATP release from striatal nerve terminals was increased and was responsible for a greater impact of CD73 and A2AR on corticostriatal LTP. These observations identify increased ATP release and ATP-derived formation of extracellular adenosine bolstering A2AR activation as a key pathway responsible for abnormal synaptic plasticity in circuits involved in the onset of PD motor symptoms. The translation of these findings to humans prompts extending the use of A2AR antagonists from only co-adjuvants of motor control in Parkinsonian patients to neuroprotective drugs delaying the onset of motor symptoms.
The Impact of a Short Body–Focused Meditation on Body Ownership and Interoceptive Abilities
Authors: Schroter Franziska Anna , Siebertz Markus , Jansen Petra
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a brief body-focused meditation on body ownership, while considering interoceptive abilities, dissociative experiences, mood, trait mindfulness, and meditation experience.

Method

The sample consisted of 111 healthy students who participated in a randomized controlled trial and either listened to a 20-min meditation or audio-book reading. Before and after the intervention, the rubber hand illusion and a heartbeat detection task were completed. The rubber hand illusion consisted of a synchronous and an asynchronous condition and the illusion intensity was measured using a questionnaire and by assessing the proprioceptive drift. In the heartbeat detection task, participants were instructed to count their heartbeats, so interoceptive accuracy of their counting, confidence in their own abilities (interoceptive sensibility), and the correspondence between both measures (interoceptive awareness) could be determined.

Results

The intervention type had no effect on mood and interoceptive abilities. Independent of intervention type, valence increased, arousal decreased, and interoceptive accuracy and interoceptive sensibility improved over time. Additionally, trait mindfulness and interoceptive accuracy were negatively related to the subjective rubber hand illusion intensity. There was not a mere effect of the intervention on the rubber hand illusion, but an interaction of synchrony, time, group, and interoceptive awareness was found for both measures, showing that only participants with high interoceptive awareness experienced a weaker illusion following the meditation.

Conclusions

We concluded that meta-awareness of interoceptive abilities may help protecting oneself against manipulations of the body boundaries.

Preregistration

Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/6dvh5).
Toeplitz operators on the space of all holomorphic functions on finitely connected domains
Authors: Jasiczak M.
Published: December 2022

We define and study Toeplitz operators on the Fréchet space of all holomorphic functions on finitely connected domains in the Riemann sphere. We completely characterize Fredholm, semi-Fredholm and invertible operators belonging to this class. As a result, we obtain a characterization of these classes of operators in the unit disk case. As a motivation we formulate and analyze the Riemann–Hilbert problem in the space of all holomorphic functions on the domains which we consider.
Statistical structures arising in null submanifolds
Authors: Meli Calvin B. , Ngakeu Ferdinand , Olea Benjamín
Published: December 2022

We show a link between affine differential geometry and null submanifolds in a semi-Riemannian manifold via statistical structures. Once a rigging for a null submanifold is fixed, we can construct a semi-Riemannian metric on it. This metric and the induced connection constitute a statistical structure on the null submanifold in some cases. We study the statistical structures arising in this way. We also construct statistical structures on a null hypersurface in the Lorentz–Minkowski space using the null second fundamental form. This extends the classical construction to the null case.
Vulnerability Assessment Method for Immovable Cultural Relics Based on Artificial Neural Networks—An Example of a Heavy Rainfall Event in Henan Province
Authors: Xu Can , Gong Adu , Liang Long , Song Xiaoke , Wang Yi
Published: December 2022

Cultural relic conservation capability is an important issue in cultural relic conservation research, and it is critical to decrease the vulnerability of immovable cultural relics to rainfall hazards. Commonly used vulnerability assessment methods are subjective, are mostly applied to regional conditions, and cannot accurately assess the vulnerability of cultural relics. In addition, it is impossible to predict the future vulnerability of cultural relics. Therefore, this study proposed a machine learning-based vulnerability assessment method that not only can assess cultural relics individually but also predict the vulnerability of cultural relics under different rainfall hazard intensities. An extreme rainfall event in Henan Province in 2021 was selected as an example, with a survey report on the damage to cultural relics as a database. The results imply that the back propagation (BP) neural network-based method of assessing the vulnerability of immovable cultural relics is reliable, with an accuracy rate higher than 92%. Based on this model to predict the vulnerability of Zhengzhou City’s cultural relics, the vulnerability levels of cultural relics under different recurrence periods of heavy rainfall were obtained. Among them, the vulnerability of ancient sites is higher than those of other cultural relic types. The assessment model used in this study is suitable for predicting the vulnerability of immovable cultural relics to heavy rainfall hazards and can provide a technical means for cultural relic conservation studies.
Value of ultrasound assessment for traumatic nerve injury of the upper limb
Authors: Elshewi Islam Elhefnawi , Fatouh Mona Mohammed , Mohamed Rahma Nour Eldin Saad , Basheer Mye Ali , El Liethy Nevien Ezzat , Abbas Hoda Magdy
Published: December 2022

Aim of work

The type of traumatic peripheral nerve injury is a key factor for determining optimal treatment. Proper assessment of peripheral nerve injury facilitates appropriate treatment, significantly affects prognosis, and reduces disabilities. This study evaluated ultrasonography (US) to assess upper limb traumatic nerve injuries and compared the US with electrodiagnostic studies as the gold standard.

Materials and Methods

Participants were 69 adults (57 [83%] men, 12 [17%] women; mean age 36.3 ± 13.5 years) with a total of 96 peripheral nerve injuries (duration of 1 month–3 years). High-frequency US examinations and electro-physiologic studies confirmed upper limb peripheral nerve injury.

Results

Nerve discontinuation was diagnosed in 15 (15.6%) nerves; the cross-sectional area was increased in 33 (34.4%) nerves. Of 96 injuries, 54 (56.3%) were median, 24 (25%) were ulnar, and 18 (18.8%) were radial nerves. No statistically significant difference was found between US and electro-physiologic studies for nerve injury diagnosis (p = 0.054).

Conclusion

No significant differences were found between US and electro-physiologic studies for diagnosis of nerve injuries; however, US was valuable to assess surrounding tissue and supplied muscles. The capabilities to detect nerve injury and associated distal muscular, vascular, and other regional structures position the US as a complementary diagnostic tool.
Living Theatre in the Ancient Roman House
Authors: Beacham Richard C. , Denard Hugh
Published: December 2022

For the Romans, much of life was seen, expressed and experienced as a form of theatre. In their homes, patrons performed the lead, with a supporting cast of residents and visitors. This sumptuously illustrated book, the result of extensive interdisciplinary research, is the first to investigate, describe and show how ancient Roman houses and villas, in their décor, spaces, activities and function, could constitute highly-theatricalised environments, indeed, a sort of 'living theatre'. Their layout, purpose and use reflected and informed a culture in which theatre was both a major medium of entertainment and communication and an art form drawing upon myths exploring the core values and beliefs of society. For elite Romans, their homes, as veritable stage-sets, served as visible and tangible expressions of their owners' prestige, importance and achievements. The Roman home was a carefully crafted realm in which patrons displayed themselves, while 'stage-managing' the behaviour and responses of visitor-spectators.
Judicial Convergence and Fragmentation in International Human Rights Law
Authors: Abrusci Elena
Published: December 2022

This book provides an innovative analysis of the complex issue of judicial convergence and fragmentation in international human rights law, moving the conversation forward from the assessment of the two phenomena and investigating their triggering factors. With a wide geographical focus that include the most up-to-date case-law from the three main regional systems (the African, European and Inter-American) and the UN Human Rights Committee, the book confirms the predominant judicial convergence across international human rights law. On this basis, the book engages with an interdisciplinary investigation into the legal and non-legal factors that could explain both convergence and fragmentation, ranging from the use of judicial dialogue and the notions of necessity and proportionality to the composition of the courts and the role of NGOs. The aim is to provide the tools to understand the dynamics between human rights adjudicatory bodies and possibly foresee future instances of judicial fragmentation.
The Classical and Christian Origins of American Politics
Authors: Cooper Kody W. , Dyer Justin Buckley
Published: December 2022

There has been a considerable amount of literature in the last 70 years claiming that the American founders were steeped in modern thought. This study runs counter to that tradition, arguing that the founders of America were deeply indebted to the classical Christian natural-law tradition for their fundamental theological, moral, and political outlook. Evidence for this thesis is found in case studies of such leading American founders as Thomas Jefferson and James Wilson, the pamphlet debates, the founders' invocation of providence during the revolution, and their understanding of popular sovereignty. The authors go on to reflect on how the founders' political thought contained within it the resources that undermined, in principle, the institution of slavery, and explores the relevance of the founders' political theology for contemporary politics. This timely, important book makes a significant contribution to the scholarly debate over whether the American founding is compatible with traditional Christianity.
Freud's Monotheism
Authors: Parsons William
Published: December 2022

This Element consists of three interrelated parts. 'What Freud Said' summarizes the salient details of Freud's psychology of religion: his views on the origins and development of western religions; on contemporary western monotheisms; on the 'unpsychological' proceedings of the religio-cultural super-ego; his qualified endorsement of religious forms of psychotherapy; and his cursory analysis of eastern religions.'What Freud got Wrong' surveys the history of the multidisciplinary critiques (anthropological, sociological, later psychoanalytic, theological/philosophical) that have been levelled at his interpretative strategies. 'Towards a Revised Psychoanalytic Theory of Religion' suggests that the best way forward is to employ a psychoanalytic theory of religion which, taking its cue from the history of its critique, houses reflective, inclusive and dialogical elements. It presents illustrations taken from a variety of contemporary religio-cultural phenomena (marvel movies; issues concerning religion, sexuality and gender; the Megachurch; QAnon) as portable lessons for such applications.
Living textiles
Authors: Scott Jane
Published: December 2022

Living textiles are evolving at the interface of textiles and biology. This emerging field proposes methods to design with, by, and for the growth of microorganisms using textiles thinking, textile materials and textile process. Textiles transform the microscale of fibres and biosynthesised polymers into high performance, environmentally responsive systems that function at a macroscale through the hierarchical structuring of constituent materials. As biotechnology looks for scalable solutions for diverse applications in the built environment and beyond, textiles offer a variety of strategies for bio-assembly and bio-fabrication.
One versus two biological parents with mental disorders: Relationship to educational attainment in the next generation
Authors: Sidorchuk Anna , Brander Gustaf , Pérez-Vigil Ana , Crowley James J. , Larsson Henrik , Lichtenstein Paul , Mataix-Cols David , Nordsletten Ashley E.
Published: December 2022

Background

Both maternal and, separately, paternal mental illness are associated with diminished academic attainment among children. However, the differential impacts of diagnostic type and degree of parental burden (e.g. one v. both parents affected) on these functional outcomes are unknown.

Methods

Using the Swedish national patient (NPR) and multi-generation (MGR) registers, 2 226 451 children (1 290 157 parental pairs), born 1 January 1973–31 December 1997, were followed through 31 December 2013. Diagnostic status of all cohort members was defined for eleven psychiatric disorders, and families classed by exposure: (1) parents affected with any disorder, (2) parents affected with a disorder group (e.g. neuropsychiatric disorders), and (3) parents affected with a specific disorder (e.g. ADHD). Pairs were further defined as ‘unaffected,’ ‘single-affected,’, or ‘dual-affected.’ Among offspring, the study evaluated fulfillment of four academic milestones, from compulsory (primary) school through University (college). Sensitivity analyses considered the impact of child's own mental health, as well as parental education, on main effects.

Results

Marked reductions in the odds of achievement were observed, emerging at the earliest levels of schooling for both single-affected [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.50; 95% CI 0.49–0.51] and dual-affected (aOR 0.29, 95% CI 0.28–0.30) pairs and persisting thereafter [aOR range (single), 0.52–0.65; aOR range (dual), 0.30–0.40]. This pattern was repeated for analyses within diagnosis/diagnostic group. Main results were robust to adjustment for offspring mental health and parent education level.

Conclusions

Parental mental illness is associated with profound reductions in educational attainment in the subsequent generation, with children from dual-affected families at uniquely high risk.
Marking and unmarking the (non)native speaker through English language proficiency requirements for university admission
Authors: Piller Ingrid , Bodis Agnes
Published: December 2022

This article examines the language ideologies undergirding university English language admission requirements. Universities are today caught between the order of the nation state and that of corporate globalization as they seek to attract both national and international students. This tension produces conflicting processes of (converse) racialization and linguistic (un)marking within which universities construct language proficiencies and ethnonational identities. Our study finds two categorically different constructs of English language proficiency (ELP): inherent ELP based on citizenship, linguistic heritage, and prior education, and tested ELP. These two constructs of ELP map onto two dichotomous student groups. One side of this binary—the white native-speaker citizen construct—is subject to converse racialization and unmarking. While it becomes blurred, it casts its Other into clear relief: the Asian non-native speaker non-citizen. The research has implications for critical language testing and language policies in higher education. (Citizenship, English as a global academic language, internationalization of higher education, international students, language ideologies, language testing, native speakerism, racialization, World Englishes)
Which Net Zero? Climate Justice and Net Zero Emissions
Authors: Armstrong Chris , McLaren Duncan
Published: December 2022

In recent years, the target of reaching “net zero” emissions by 2050 has come to the forefront of global climate politics. Net zero would see carbon emissions matched by carbon removals and should allow the planet to avoid dangerous climate change. But the recent prominence of this goal should not distract from the fact that there are many possible versions of net zero. Each of them will have different climate justice implications, and some of them could have very negative consequences for the world's poor. This article demonstrates the many ambiguities of net zero, and argues in favor of a net zero strategy in which those who can reasonably bear the burden adopt early and aggressive mitigation policies. We also argue for a net zero strategy in which countries place the lion's share of their faith in known emissions reduction approaches, rather than being heavily reliant on as-yet-unproven “negative emissions techniques.” Our overarching goal is to put net zero in its place, by providing a clear-sighted view of what net zero will achieve, and where the “net” in net zero needs to be tightened further if the world is to achieve climate justice.
But Is It Good Enough? Jus ad Vim and the Danger of Perpetual War
Authors: Braun Christian Nikolaus
Published: December 2022

In this essay, I reflect on the divergent arguments about limited force made by Daniel R. Brunstetter and Samuel Moyn in their respective monographs. Arguing that their positions can be reconciled, I agree with Brunstetter that limited force has a role to play in establishing and maintaining a just world order. At the same time, however, I am mindful of Moyn's warning that limited force may lead to perpetual war. The way to ensure that limited force both works toward justice and does not result in perpetual war, I argue, is to focus more on considerations of jus ante bellum (right before war) and jus post bellum (right after war), the so-called “growing edges of just war theory.” I hold that the responsible use of statecraft, which just war thinking seeks to inform, accepts that limited force constitutes a legitimate tool to facilitate order, justice, and peace. However, any justifiable use of force must be restrained and limited and aim for a just peace. The embrace of limited force should thus be complemented with an effort by state leaders to bolster the edges of just war in order to facilitate a security environment that requires the use of limited force less frequently.
Cardiac anomalies in Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome
Authors: Valikodath Nishma , Johns James A. , Godown Justin
Published: December 2022

Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome is a rare multi-system disorder associated with cardiac anomalies. All patients with a diagnosis of Axenfeld–Rieger syndrome were identified from our electronic medical record. Chart review was performed to document the presence and types of CHD. Out of 58 patients, 14 (24.1%) had CHD and a wide variety of cardiac lesions were identified.
Nonmedical opioid use at the end of life: A tale of addiction and a last wish
Authors: Tang Michael , Arthur Joseph , Cooper Alexandra , Clark Matthew , Bruera Eduardo
Published: December 2022

Background

Nonmedical opioid use (NMOU) has been associated with opioid overdose deaths. This pattern of misuse can be seen in those using opioids for cancer-associated pain. We present a case that highlights the complexities associated with NMOU and a patient’s care at the end of life.

Cases Description

A patient with a metastatic solid tumor malignancy along with co-occurring history of polysubstance abuse was admitted to an acute palliative and supportive care unit (APSCU). The patient demonstrated behaviors concerning for NMOU during her hospital stay but had increased symptom expression concerning for worsening dyspnea while in the APSCU. Unfortunately, she used home opioids, which was unknown to the team at the time along with requesting for higher doses of opioids that were being prescribed. This caused a worsening respiratory status and affected her care. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the providers managed her symptoms and discharged her safely to see her child.

Conclusion

This highlights the complexities of the alleviation of suffering in those with NMOU. It is important to continue to manage NMOU at the end of life due to its effects on quality of life. A multimodal approach is recommended to identify and care for these patients.
The effect of incentives on motivated numeracy amidst COVID-19
Authors: Chung Eunbin , Govindan Pavitra , Pechenkina Anna O.
Published: December 2022

How does political ideology affect the processing of information incongruent with one’s worldview? The disagreement in prior research about this question lies in how one’s ideology interacts with cognitive ability to shape motivated numeracy or the tendency to misinterpret data to confirm one’s prior beliefs. Our study conceptually replicates and extends previous research on motivated numeracy by testing whether monetary incentives for accuracy lessen motivated reasoning when high- and low-numeracy partisans interpret data about mask mandates and COVID-19 cases. This research leverages the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, as Americans are polarized along party lines regarding an appropriate government response to the pandemic.
Increasing Spring Insolation in the Late Holocene Intensified Aeolian Activity in Dryland Asia
Authors: Zhang Jun , Huang Xiaozhong , Qiang Mingrui , Demberel Otgonbayar , Wang Wenjia , Zheng Min , Xiang Lixiong , Hu Yu , Xiao Jule
Published: December 2022

The history and driving forces of aeolian activity in western Mongolia remain poorly understood due to the scarcity of geological archives. Here, we obtained a record of sediment grain size from Tolbo Lake in western Mongolia to reconstruct changes in aeolian activity since ∼14 ka. The results suggest that intensified aeolian activity in the late Holocene may mainly have been a response to stronger surface winds resulting from an increase in spring insolation and mountain snow. The stable weak aeolian activity appears to coincide with ice‐rafting events in the North Atlantic during the middle Holocene and may be a response to warming at northern high latitudes, increased humidity and vegetation coverage in western Mongolia, indicating that dust from western Mongolia would possibly contribute minimally to dust deposition in Greenland during this period. This study will help understand the atmospheric dust emissions and transport processes in the earth system.
Integrative genomic analysis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia lacking a genetic biomarker in the UKALL2003 clinical trial
Authors: Schwab Claire , Cranston Ruth E. , Ryan Sarra L. , Butler Ellie , Winterman Emily , Hawking Zoe , Bashton Matthew , Enshaei Amir , Russell Lisa J. , Kingsbury Zoya , Peden John F. , Barretta Emilio , Murray James , Gibson Jude , Hinchliffe Andrew C. , Bain Robert , Vora Ajay , Bentley David R. , Ross Mark T. , Moorman Anthony V. , Harrison Christine J.
Published: December 2022

Incorporating genetics into risk-stratification for treatment of childhood B-progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) has contributed significantly to improved survival. In about 30% B-ALL (B-other-ALL) without well-established chromosomal changes, new genetic subtypes have recently emerged, yet their true prognostic relevance largely remains unclear. We integrated next generation sequencing (NGS): whole genome sequencing (WGS) (n = 157) and bespoke targeted NGS (t-NGS) (n = 175) (overlap n = 36), with existing genetic annotation in a representative cohort of 351 B-other-ALL patients from the childhood ALL trail, UKALL2003. PAX5alt was most frequently observed (n = 91), whereas PAX5 P80R mutations (n = 11) defined a distinct PAX5 subtype. DUX4-r subtype (n = 80) was defined by DUX4 rearrangements and/or ERG deletions. These patients had a low relapse rate and excellent survival. ETV6::RUNX1-like subtype (n = 21) was characterised by multiple abnormalities of ETV6 and IKZF1, with no reported relapses or deaths, indicating their excellent prognosis in this trial. An inferior outcome for patients with ABL-class fusions (n = 25) was confirmed. Integration of NGS into genomic profiling of B-other-ALL within a single childhood ALL trial, UKALL2003, has shown the added clinical value of NGS-based approaches, through improved accuracy in detection and classification into the range of risk stratifying genetic subtypes, while validating their prognostic significance.
Epigenome-wide meta-analysis identifies DNA methylation biomarkers associated with diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Smyth Laura J. , Dahlström Emma H. , Syreeni Anna , Kerr Katie , Kilner Jill , Doyle Ross , Brennan Eoin , Nair Viji , Fermin Damian , Nelson Robert G. , Looker Helen C. , Wooster Christopher , Andrews Darrell , Anderson Kerry , McKay Gareth J. , Cole Joanne B. , Salem Rany M. , Conlon Peter J. , Kretzler Matthias , Hirschhorn Joel N. , Sadlier Denise , Godson Catherine , Florez Jose C. ,   GENIE consortium, Forsblom Carol , Maxwell Alexander P. , Groop Per-Henrik , Sandholm Niina , McKnight Amy Jayne
Published: December 2022

Type 1 diabetes affects over nine million individuals globally, with approximately 40% developing diabetic kidney disease. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation, are involved in diabetic kidney disease. Here we assess differences in blood-derived genome-wide DNA methylation associated with diabetic kidney disease in 1304 carefully characterised individuals with type 1 diabetes and known renal status from two cohorts in the United Kingdom-Republic of Ireland and Finland. In the meta-analysis, we identify 32 differentially methylated CpGs in diabetic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes, 18 of which are located within genes differentially expressed in kidneys or correlated with pathological traits in diabetic kidney disease. We show that methylation at 21 of the 32 CpGs predict the development of kidney failure, extending the knowledge and potentially identifying individuals at greater risk for diabetic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes.
Creating superconductivity in WB2 through pressure-induced metastable planar defects
Authors: Lim J. , Hire A. C. , Quan Y. , Kim J. S. , Xie S. R. , Sinha S. , Kumar R. S. , Popov D. , Park C. , Hemley R. J. , Vohra Y. K. , Hamlin J. J. , Hennig R. G. , Hirschfeld P. J. , Stewart G. R.
Published: December 2022

High-pressure electrical resistivity measurements reveal that the mechanical deformation of ultra-hard WB2 during compression induces superconductivity above 50 GPa with a maximum superconducting critical temperature, Tcof 17 K at 91 GPa. Upon further compression up to 187 GPa, the Tcgradually decreases. Theoretical calculations show that electron-phonon mediated superconductivity originates from the formation of metastable stacking faults and twin boundaries that exhibit a local structure resembling MgB2 (hP3, space group 191, prototype AlB2). Synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements up to 145 GPa show that the ambient pressure hP12 structure (space group 194, prototype WB2) continues to persist to this pressure, consistent with the formation of the planar defects above 50 GPa. The abrupt appearance of superconductivity under pressure does not coincide with a structural transition but instead with the formation and percolation of mechanically-induced stacking faults and twin boundaries. The results identify an alternate route for designing superconducting materials.