bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early prioritization of the United Nation’s goals for sustainable development in construction projects
Authors: Gade Anne N , Madsen Mette B
Published: November 2020

The building sector holds great potential and responsibility in achieving several of the United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDGs). This study presents preliminary findings of an exploratory study aiming at investigating how the SDGs can be successfully implemented in construction projects in a Danish context. A focus group workshop was held with academic experts within building design and the SDGs. The participants discussed which aspects were important throughout the different phases of new construction projects for successful implementation of the SDGs, and the roles of the included actors. The results showed that the participants highlighted SDG 4 (quality education) and SDG 17 (partnerships for achieving the goals) as the most important throughout the different phases, from the programming phase to demolition or renovation. SDG 3 (health and well-being), was seen as the most important factor during the occupation phase, and the main positive effect of a successful design process. A “phase zero” was proposed to ensure a common ground and understanding the SDGs among the involved actors before the programming phase. Several barriers for implementing the SDGs in Danish building projects were identified in the study, including the need for local indicators, transfer of knowledge between the involved actors, and lack of user involvement. The results indicate that there is a need for rethinking and supporting strong partnerships among the different actors, improve knowledge management, and ensure targeted educational material regarding the SDGs towards all actors involved in the building process, including the building owner, advisors, craftsmen and users.
Resilient Leaders for Resilient Cities
Authors: Diaby Cheick , Roux-Dufort Christophe
Published: November 2020

This theoretical paper takes an aesthetic view of leadership to investigate the leadership needed to make cities more resilient. It sees an urban system as a complex, evolving entity constantly crossed by a variety of inflows and outflows connecting it to other systems, while its constituent elements are in interaction between themselves. Three fundamental dispositions in the aesthetic literature,sensibility,reflexivityandwisdom,seem crucial to ensure that leaders anticipate and cope with a variety of shocks, taking advantage of the opportunities to transform and learn. These dispositions are found fundamental to urban resilience. The paper also discusses the implications for preparation and learning.
Cooperative societies and the urban housing supply: a study of lagos, nigeria
Authors: Oyalowo Basirat
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study is to establish the scope of co-operatives’ housing supply activities in Lagos and their potential as alternative housing suppliers in the city accounting for up to thirty percent of the estimated seventeen million housing deficits in Nigeria. This is with a view to ascertaining their capacity to enhance the ability of Lagos State to meet up with the affordable housing targets of the SDGs. This is vital if target 1 of SDG 11 that focusses on affordable housing provision is to be realized. The study adopts an explanatory, sequential Quan-qual mixed-method design. For the quantitative phase, a survey based on a systematic random sampling of four hundred and one co-operative leaders was done with statistical analysis was done. For the qualitative aspect, a focus group discussion was carried out and analysed with a computer-aided qualitative data analysis system (CAQDAS). Findings show that co-operative societies are most active in land acquisition activities but their capacity to convert these lands to housing units is limited, and that co-operative societies are as constrained as other housing suppliers in meeting transaction costs. However, seven crucial success factors for co-operative societies’ involvement in housing supply were discovered in the qualitative phase; which has not been identified by previous researchers in this study. These provide fresh policy directions for the sector.
Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) Producing Bacteria from Saline Paddy Soil in Kebumen
Authors: Manshur TA , Fauzan IA , Junianti E , Purwanto
Published: November 2020

Paddy cannot grow optimally on saline soil, one of which is due to the low production of plant hormones. One crucial plant growth hormone is auxin, the Indole Acetic Acid (IAA). The application of saline-resistant bacteria producing IAA can promote the paddy growth of saline fields. This study aimed to explore saline-resistant bacteria capable of producing IAA from paddy fields around Jetis beaches, Kebumen, Central Java, and to test them on hydroponic systems and to develop the bacteria into biofertilizer. The following steps were followed for this study, soil sampling, bacterial isolation, bacterial selection using saline medium, IAA production measurement, and screening in planta with hydroponic systems. The results showed that five isolates of saline-resistant bacteria produced IAA. Isolates JB 2 exhibited the highest IAA (26.34 ppm). Screening in planta showed that JB2 addition to the growing media had higher plant heights and weights.
Characterization of Marker Compounds in Curcuma zanthorrhiza Using NMR
Authors: Saputra A , Rinanto Y , Ariyanto J , D Sari C , Binti Q
Published: November 2020

Curcuma zanthorrhiza is a plant from the family Zingiberaceae that commonly grows in Indonesia. Traditional medicine, spices of food, beverages, cosmetics, and coloring agents, especially food coloring use the plant quite often. The experiments used a complete random factorial design with 3x3 replicates. The treatments consisted of Curcuma varieties (V) from Malang, Blora, and Sukoharjo, drought stress (K) expose was daily watering plants as the control (K1), one every two days watering plants (K2), and one every three days watering plants (K3). The research aimed to determine the response of Curcuma in agronomic characters and metabolite compounds during drought stress treatments. The drought stress (K) showed significant results on Curcuma plant height, in which three-day watering negatively affected the plant height. Sukoharjo variety with every-day watering produced the best rhizome weight compared to two other varieties. Secondary metabolites of xanthorrhizol and curcumin identified with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis from the Sukoharjo variety ginger rhizome showed a relative concentration of 1.25 ± 0.46 and 1.53 ± 0.54, respectively.
Fish Diversity in River Sapuregel of Segara Anakan Eastern Area Cilacap
Authors: Setyaningrum Nuning , Piranti Agatha Sih , Carmudi  , Sunu Dwi , Ilal Qisni Insan M , Diana Retna USR , Adli Erwin R
Published: November 2020

River Sapuregel empties into the eastern region of Segara Anakan Cilacap. It is one of the major rivers surrounded by mangrove forests and has a variety of biological resources, including fish. The research aimed to study the fish diversity and composition Sapuregel river mouth of Segara Anakan Eastern Area Cilacap. Research on fish diversity was carried out from April to September 2018. The method was purposive random sampling at the Sapuregel estuary. The results showed that 1.446 individuals representing 23 families and 34 species were dominated by Engraulidae families in the rainy season (42.57%) and dry season (57.41%) followed by Gobidae (16.82%) in the rainy season and Mugilidae (19, 44%) in the dry season. Small fish within the range of 2.7–22.9 cm dominated the caught fish. Fish Diversity Index ranges from 1.71 to 1.843 in the rainy and dry seasons between 1.352-1.56. These results indicated that fish diversity in the rainy season was higher than the dry season. Evenness Index ranges from 0.1907 to 0.2178 in the rainy season, between 0.2274 and 0.28 in the dry season, the species similarity in the dry season was higher than the rainy season. The size of the fish obtained varied from juvenile to adult size. It was dominated by small fish so that it was suspected that the waters of the River Sapuregel were used as spawning grounds and enlargement of several types of fish.
Molecular Barcoding Reveals Possible Existence of Sympatric Species of Emerita emeritus in South Coast of Cilacap Central Java
Authors: Nuryanto A , Bhagawati D , Rukayah S , Rahayu DRUS , Wibowo DN
Published: November 2020

Cilacap Regency resides in the southern part of Central Java. It faces the Indian Ocean and has a quite long coastline with sandy beaches as the favorable habitats for mole crabs. Careful examinations on previously identified asEmerita emeritussamples from Cilacap, the mole crabs showed slight morphological differences toEmerita emeritusLinnaeus. We assume that our samples are sympatric species of E.emerituscomplex rather than E.emeritusBoyko. A length of 560 bp fragments of the cytochrome oxidase 1 was sequenced. Homology test resulted in 83 - 86% sequences similarity to E.emeritussequence available in GenBank (KR047035). Our samples also had high genetic distances (0.152 -0.155) to the sequence of KR047035. The phylogenetic tree showed a clear separation between our samples and reference sequence (Emerita emeritusKR047035) with a quite long branch. Those all three kinds of data prove that our Emerita samples are most likely not belong to previously identifiedEmerita emeritusBoyko although it shows only slight morphological differences. These results indicate that possible cryptic species ofEmerita emeritusor E.emerituscomplex inhabits sandy beaches in Cilacap coast. It has been described that cryptic species are common in aquatic organisms. However, we need more samples to examine and strengthen our finding.
Plankton Community and Water Quality During Maximum Tidal Range in Segara Anakan Cilacap
Authors: Nugroho Lukman Adi , Piranti Agatha Sih , Husein Sastranegara Moh.
Published: November 2020

Segara Anakan Cilacap waters consist of lagoon and riverine areas with mangrove forests. The mixing of inland and marine waters affects the plankton community. The research objectives were to describe plankton species richness and abundance, water quality during tides, and to analyze the relationship among them. The research method was a survey with a purposive sampling technique. Sampling was taken from five stations, four times in a dry season, on a spring tide when the maximum tidal range occurs. The water quality parameters consisted of temperature, current velocity, light penetration, pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, and salinity. The results showed that plankton species richness was the highest during the new moon at Station 3 near Motean and dominated by sea waters from Divisio Chrysophyta, such as Chaetoceros decipiens. The next taxa were Phylum Arthropoda, Divisio Cyanophyta, Divisio Chlorophyta, Phylum Euglenozoa, and Phylum Cnidaria. The plankton abundance was the highest during the new moon at Station 1 and dominated by sea waters from Divisio Chrysophyta, such as Chaetoceros. Water quality during the maximum tidal range in the new moon was better than the full moon at Station 1. In general, the highest plankton abundance was related to better water quality at Station 1.
Growth Medium for Intergeneric Hybrids between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda ‘saint valentine’
Authors: Dwiati Murni , Hardiyati Triani , Hery Susanto Agus , Chasanah Titi , Palupi Dian
Published: November 2020

A study on the growth of plbs of intergeneric hybrids between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda ‘saint valentine’ on four different in vitro culture media was conducted. This study was aimed to find out the best growth medium for intergeneric hybrids between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda ‘saint valentine’, and to obtain medium producing the best roots for the hybrids. The media used were MS, NP, VW, and Knudson. The results showed that all four in vitro culture media were suitable for the hybrid’s growth. In addition, medium NP (New Phalaenopsis) produced the best and most extended root length. Hence, it is recommended to use the media for growing plbs of the intergeneric hybrids between Phalaenopsis 2166 and Vanda ‘saint valentine’ before acclimatization.
The Morphometrical Character of Silver Barb Fish Barbonymus gonionotus (Bleeker, 1849)
Authors: Suryaningsih Suhestri , Bhagawati Dian , Sukmaningrum Sri , Sugiharto  , Ayu Ratna Puspitasari IGA
Published: November 2020

Silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) is one of the fish species with no sexual dimorphism. The study of sexual dimorphism in Silver barb with truss morphometric techniques has been limited. Truss morphometric is a recognized technique to distinguish male and female fish with no sexual dimorphism. Therefore, it was necessary to conduct a study which aimed to distinguish male and female using the truss morphometrics technique. The method was a survey in which fish samples were taken by purposive random sampling in the upstream, middle, and downstream areas of the River Klawing. The parameters were truss morphometrics distance and the total length of individual fish to calculate the ratio truss morphometrics distance of each fish sex. T-test was applied to compare the ratio truss morphometrics distance between males and females. The results showed that the truss morphometrics distance between males and females was characterized by the head, body, and tail. In general, male fish have a more elongated body size than female fish.
The Smart City Mission in India And Prospects of Improvement in The Urban Environment
Authors: Jawaid M F , Khan Abdur Raoof
Published: November 2020

The skewed and rapid urbanization in developing country India has resulted in fissiparous and multipronged problems at different levels starting from city or perhaps regional levels to local or perhaps neighborhood in the lack of good urban planning and regulatory mechanism the urban environment adversely. Many issues that have been elevated in recent times are related to traffic congestion, reduction in the total amount of green cover, peri-urban settlement typology that has ultimately affected the natural ecosystem, and the surrounding areas’ environment adversely. These prevailing issues will worsen over the coming decades as the urban population increases at a phenomenal rate, thus highlighting the urgency to take appropriate actions. The growing urban environmental crisis has even more aggravated because of the constrained budgets and inefficient institutional machinery without clarified responsibilities. India is a nation of diverse geographical and climate zones with most of the climate, geographical conditions, and ecosystems of the globe found in various regions of the nation. These factors also affect the design, quality, and development of the urban built and unbuilt environment. The previous studies highlighted the role of meticulous, coordinated. They planned the development of urban cities and centers that are also self-sustaining and ecological to solve existing and upcoming challenges. The Smart City Mission launched by the Government of India is deemed the solution and emerging planning strategies to tackle and mitigate the issues of unregulated growth and rapid urbanization of the city currently and realize the objectives of the sustainable future. The unregulated urbanization with no due consideration to the ecosystem has turned into a significant source of deterioration of the quality of urban environment, a recurring and emerging disaster like urban flooding, Etc. And a significant cause of global climate change. This paper attempts to assess and evaluate the significance of smart city projects and missions in planning and developing cities that could deliver a much better urban environment and help achieve the goal of environmental resilience in the nation.
Future Nano-grid technologies and its implementation challenges for Smart Cities
Authors: Antonysamy Shinisha , Devi Suriya , Murugasan Dhanushkodi , Simon Edwardwilson Solomon
Published: November 2020

Many technologies have been and are being implemented to make the microgrid model successful in many cities. It is incapable of reaching the scale as predicted because of several obstacles. Smart Nano-grid will cover these lacunae and requirements. The paper illustrates the value of nano-grids in the launch of smart cities by examining the progress of nano and microgrids, alternative energy storage technologies, energy applications, smart gadgets in smart cities. The survey also addressed the implementation challenges associated with a technical and economical point of view. This will provide a wider vision for the researchers to focus on the monitoring and control of nano-grid technologies.
Air quality monitoring and assessment using IoT
Authors: Navi Anwar Gulshan Taj Mohammed , Gunasekar Hari poornima , Krishnan Joyce , Sekar Ramya
Published: November 2020

Air pollution is both an environmental and a social problem, which affects human health, the ecosystem, and the climate. Air pollution is one of the largest environmental health risks. Quality of the air is the most important factor that directly causes diseases and decreases the quality of life. The development of air quality monitoring system will capture the amount of major pollutant and corresponding sources at appropriate level. These monitoring systems are important components for monitoring the quality of air and for controlling the concentration of main pollutant in the urban areas. The internet of things is referred as the system of interrelated and internet connected objects, which is used to collect and transfer data. In order to monitor the pollution MQ135 sensor, GSM module is used for carrying out the research study in Sona College of Technology, Salem. The fundamental aspects of the proposed project are to reduce the cost of the infrastructure and enhance the data collection and dissemination to all stockholders.
Smart Water Quality and Monitoring of Motor in Bore Well by IoT
Authors: Murugaiyan Nandhini , Sakthivel Elakkiya , Lavakumar Madhumitha , Stephen Audithan
Published: November 2020

Due to increase in population and over abuse of water and ground water resources, water level has diminished. Irregular distribution of rainfall and monsoon failure makes people to depend on ground water. So they are compelled to bore wells and rely upon it. But Water quality is affected by z both the natural and human activities. Most of the waste are thrower in the landfills and buried on the land. This affects the water quality and also affects the farmland. The progressions in innovation like Internet of things, cloud computing, Web office can be utilized to structure a system to overcome these huge significant problems like low quality drinking water, expanded labour prerequisites, irreversible harm caused to inadequately checked motor. The breakdown of the motor can be avoided by monitoring the water quality and motor parameters. The framework has two sensors for in particular pH sensor to check water quality, ultrasonic sensor to check the water level, temperature and current sensor for motor observing. Single micro-controller chip is used to collect the data from the sensors and a Wi-Fi chip is utilized to send the collected information of a bore well to the cloud. If the data of the water and the motor is abnormal compared to threshold which is set through the code, the information is sent to the mobile application of the person in that locality. In this manner by this framework it is convenience to screen various parameters of borewell remotely in a mobile application.
Monitoring of Historical Structures using Drones
Authors: Taj Gulshan , Anand S , Haneefi A , Kanishka R P , Mythra DHA
Published: November 2020

The use of drones has been increased in recent years for surveying, facility management and other relevant fields. However, more recently, the technological progress in the design and navigation of low-weight and autonomous drones and UAVs have resulted in their more practical and cost-effective operation in the fields of construction management and monitoring. This study presents a framework for the development of a fully automated smart construction monitoring and reporting system based on real-time data obtained from drones and UAVs. The data in terms of drone images from multiple locations and point clouds (from 3D scanning of construction site) can be used to construct a 3D model using the photogrammetry techniques. This so-called “drone model” can be compared to BIM model at various construction stages to monitor the construction progress. Beside construction scheduling and costing, this comparison can be expanded to include real-time recording, reporting, billing, verification and planning. The system not only provides convenient and smart ways of site supervision and management but also results in better monitoring operations which are practically difficult by manual methods. The usability of this non-destructive method of damage detection is shown with practical example.
Study on current trends in traffic volume count: Analysis on various modes of Sathyamangalam town
Authors: Loganayagan  , Ramakrishnan  , Mohan Chandra , vetrivel Amudhan
Published: November 2020

Transportation engineering aims in safe and time productive development of individuals and merchandise through designing strategies and methods on the roadways. Traffic qualities rely upon traffic stream which prompts to safe and time productive development of individuals and items. Without the town’s effective arrangements and traffic executives, the present street foundation can’t meet the needs of the future cities. The number of walkers and vehicles has increased in the last decades due to an increment in the consumption rate of white-color workers. This study contemplates the traffic qualities in Sathyamangalam town and their mode of operations. The work has emphasized the volume of vehicles that flow in the town and examined the performance based on the present condition. The survey is performed by manual techniques in the various point of the selected study area. For a good comprehension of the present traffic stream condition in the intersection and the road, junctions are accounted. The information gathered aids us to comprehend traffic designs in various periods. The study mainly focuses on traffic stream qualities that decide the traffic flow control to maintain the rules and regulation of the transport system. This data acquired from this investigation will help in designing a plan fit for uninterpreted rush-hour traffic with ingenious road systems.
Use of BIM in Development of Smart Cities: A Review
Authors: Goyal Lovnesh Kumar , Chauhan Rajiv , Kumar Raman , Rai Hardeep Singh
Published: November 2020

A smart city is a community that uses information and communication technologies (ICT) to enhance the standard of community services and the health of people. The smart city concept takes into account the better engagement of its citizens for sustainable resource utilization, social and better relational capital while assuring its quality and performance. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a computer-aided modern parametric solution to revolutionize the decision-making process in the construction of energy-efficient buildings and smart cities. BIM enables design, development, operate and manage the construction endeavors cost-effectively while sharing and exchanging information to all the stakeholders involved. The practical implementation of BIM results in the mitigation of risks in the initial phases of the projects. This paper explores the components of a smart city concept using BIM and its various variants in the development of a smart city. The geographic information system (GIS) environment can aid in providing a suitable data management system in transportation design with minimum accidents, earthquake mitigation, and preventing fire hazards to build a smart city. The review highlights the various tools such as GIS, Building Energy Model (BEM) could be an innovative concept to make a smart city. The given review will help policymakers to adopt BIM on their way to build a sustainable, reliable, energy-efficient smart city construction.
A Design Methodology to Evaluate the Sustainable Construction for Temporary Structures
Authors: Shanmugam Durgadevi , Venkatachalam Manjunath Nochikuttai , Periyasamy Karthikeyan , AbdulLadif Ibrahim , SenthilKumar Praveen , Janakiraman Kumaraguru
Published: November 2020

The rate of construction work growing day by day which gives an output of huge manpower and resources. As the construction work increases proportionally, the natural resources are being depleted and the conventional structures also have some effects on the environment. The usage of concrete for temporary structures should be gradually reduced and in future the concept of sustainability should be implemented in the construction works. The objective is to do a comparative study between the conventional structure and the structure made with sustainable materials. A model of the temporary structure (Bus stand) is created with different design considerations. It is based on the building oriented Energy model (using solar panels) and this model is calibrated and validated by comparing results obtained in Staad. ProV8i with in situ measurements realized. The design results from Staad. ProV8i reflect the load intensity and behavior of structure such as deflection, bending moment to external loads were analyzed. The material characteristics were studied for different materials like waste embedded epoxy tile, PE mesh panel and Ultralite that are used in the temporary structure. The methodology adopted in making the bus stand model is grooving technique, bolting and shear jointing. The members of the temporary structure are made of scrap steel which have the dimensions of 0.23m × 0.23m and analyzed for different support conditions includes, fixed support with more joints, pinned support with low joint, pinned support with more joints and fixed support with low joint to obtain their properties. Strength test and specific weight test were performed for different materials in which sustainable material shows considerable results. The structure has many advantages like light weight, portability, less labor consuming and time saving.
Ascertaining the Suitability of A Worker For Safer Execution of A Construction Task: A Genetic Programming Based Modelling Approach
Authors: Sivapragasam Chandrasekaran , Ajith Subbiah , Arumugaprabu Veerasimman
Published: November 2020

This research applies the Genetic Programming (GP) based modelling to understand and recommend for the kind of task in construction site a given worker with some basic traits/characteristic is suited for in order to enhance the construction site safety. The traits considered are age, experience, education level, skill set, history of accidents committed in past and knowledge of site safety. The modelling is done on data obtained from questionnaire survey from the workers in the construction sites considered in this study. The data is divided into three sets based on some specific combination of the traits/characteristics of the workers, and GP model is developed for each set. The model reveals very interesting results. All the three models recommend clearly that a worker, irrespective of how competent he is in all the other traits/characteristics, if the historical record of involvement in unsafe acts/accidents is more, he cannot be trusted with a task involving high safety risk.
Comparison of Modelling Tools in Assessing Safety Performance of Construction Site
Authors: Ajith Subbiah , Sivapragasam Chandrasekaran , Arumugaprabu Veerasimman
Published: November 2020

Safety performance is the key factor in construction sites as it figures out the unsafe act, condition and supervision of the worksite. Three different modelling tools such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Genetic Programming (GP) and Multi-linear Regression (MLR) are used to assess the performance of the site. Furthermore, the performance of these models is also analysed with respect to various conditions to assess its suitability. Results indicates that all the three models can be used to predict the safety performance but GP based models have higher flexibility in extrapolating the results outside the training range with highest accuracy. Thus, it is recommended to employ GP based models in predicting safety performance in construction sites.
Comparative Study of Local and Migrant Labour For Productivity Enhancement in Construction Field
Authors: Selvaprakash S , Gouni Somashekar , Jwala Sree Sai Rekha , vinay vilasagar
Published: November 2020

Development work administration can make or break the benefit of that work. By recognizing the issues that each labourer faces and finding suitable sporting activities to defeat those problems, which can pass forward the abdicate to a tall extent. Right presently, plan is installation to think nearly the features of neighbourhood and temporal works. Different parameters for illustration, Asset utilization, Communicative capacity, Work Quality, Work data, Benefit affectability, fetched affectability and Security mindfulness and so on, are utilized to see at neighbourhood and moved works Issues are distinguished depending on the agenda, and by contrasting the work and cost and time in various kinds of works we can set up certain tables in like manner we can become acquainted with that the exhibition of work in that works. By applying appropriate answers for recognized issues will improve efficiency.
Day-light Analysis of an office building to enhance its energy efficiency
Authors: Senthilkumar Kavyaa , Taj Gulshan
Published: November 2020

Sustainability has become increasingly significant in the construction industry in recent few years. The structure is considerably liable for 33% of energy consumption for cooling and counterfeit day lighting alone. In this way, energy consumption is a significant rule that needs extraordinary consideration while thinking about feasible structures. Understanding the circumstance, the need of the day is to adopt sustainable green building design approach which is a definitive answer for decrease the energy demand request of the structure. Various alternate energy sources like solar, wind and geothermal energies end up being better in making an energy efficient built environment; alongside these rules successful usage of daylight plays a crucial role in creating energy efficient buildings. Ecotect day light simulation analysis is one such case which briefs up the concept of energy efficiency. This Software has been utilized to calculate building’s energy consumption by simulating its setting within the environment. It shows the sun path and shadow examination of a project or a structure on a specific day, time and spot consistently, which would support the specialists and architects/designers to go for elective designs for viable utilization of day light in development extends, this could before long become a vital piece of building and engineering plan for vitality proficient structures. This paper surveys and analyses of an office building and gives data about the day-light analyze simulation of a structure for accomplishing the best effectiveness of natural lighting and energy saving during the daytime to reach optimum daylight performance in building using the Ecotect Software.
Design Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Beams by Genetically Optimized Neural Network Technique
Authors: Nongsiej Eshanya Tongper , Natarajan Karthiga @ Shenbagam , Murugesan Saravanan
Published: November 2020

An approach to find the accurate optimal solution for structural elements such as beams, columns, footings etc. has been studied by huge researches in the current situation. As an addition in this research paper optimal design of two different types of reinforced concrete beams with different loading conditions one with concentrated load and another with UDL has been considered in addition to its self-weight, live load, equilibrium and serviceability constraints. Manual design of beams has been done in order to verify with the optimization technique limit state approach with accordance to the Indian standard codal provisions, classical and non-traditional optimization technique are done and the results are tabulated.
Design Optimization of RC Frames using Particle Swarm Optimization Technique
Authors: Abbasmandhiri Madhupreetha , Karthiga @ Shenbagam N , Karuppanan Kowshika
Published: November 2020

Design of portal frames were carried out for different grades of steel with a well-defined objective function framed in order to minimize the cost of construction of reinfofced concrete portal frames for different spans using direct stiffness method. The design variables that are considered are the volume of steel used for reinforcement, volume of concrete for sectional members that is got from the width, depth of the required section. The constrains for the design of beams were done according to the Indian codal provisions. Separate coding was written in MATLAB to determine the optimal design of beams. The optimal design results obtained had a minimum usage of concrete and steel when compared to the normal one with a variation of 5% for the beam and 3% for the column. The reduction in cost is due to reduction in the cross-section as a result of the optimization technique. Nearly 100 designed samples using different cross-section areas were carried out and the final conclusions were derived and found to provide optimal values to certain extent which would be useful for the design engineers.
Evaluation of ductility factor for structures subjected to long period of vibration
Authors: Palanisamy Deepak Ottar Karattupalayam , Venkatesan Vignesh Prabu , Arjunan Kothai , JosephAntony Visuvasam
Published: November 2020

The response modification factor (R) in IS1893 [5] is a significant parameter in the analysis of seismic design of structure by means of non-linear response of a structure. This paper enumerates on determining the actual values of R factor for RC special moment resisting frame by performing detailed non-linear static pushover analysis for various 2D framed structures of special moment resisting frames. A parametric study has been carried out by varying the time period up to 4 of the structure and zone factor and the corresponding R values are obtained, which primarily depends on three other factors. From the detailed analysis, a relationship between response reduction factor, Time period, Zone (Rμ-T-Z) has been proposed. The results show that the values of R, given in the codes are pessimistic and hence, an optimistic value shall be adopted based on the analytical results. As an application, the values arrived from the proposed relationship is then compared with the values obtained from the structures analyzed.
Studies on Reinforced Concrete Inverted Umbrella Hyperbolic Paraboloid Shells
Authors: Veerasamy Prabhakaran , Subramaniyan Yuvaraj , Rajendran Ashwathi
Published: November 2020

Hyperbolic paraboloid shell roofs have been extensively used in construction because of impressive appearance and economy in cost. For wide spans, the cost of form work is generally high. By reusing this form work we can reduce the cost of construction. These shells require special care in laying reinforcement, concrete pouring and compaction and hence the labour required for this type of construction is highly skilled. In this study, the design of inverted umbrella type hyperbolic paraboloid shells have been done using IS 2210 - 1988 code and IS 456-2000 code. Concrete of grade M30 and Steel of grade Fe500 are used throughout the investigation. The central dip is taken as variable and it will be taken as a/3, a/4 and a/5. In this study, 21 inverted umbrella type reinforced concrete hyperbolic paraboloid shells have been designed and the estimation of cost has been done. The effect of central dip on the cost per sq.m covered investigated for the inverted umbrella shells.
Utilization of aerogel in building construction –A Review
Authors: Shanmugam Govindhan , Gunasekaran Eniyachandramouli , Karuppusamy Ranjith Selvan , Ramesh Ragashravanthi , Vellaichamy Preetha
Published: November 2020

Aerogel are synthetic light weight material obtained in a gel form with gas without any shrinkage. The first form of aerogel is produced by using Silica gels. There are several other types of aerogels such as carbon-Based aerogel, clay-Based aerogel and silica-Based aerogel. Aerogel are mostly in solid form with extremely low conductivity and possess very low density and high porosity ( < 100nm). Aerogel are water repellent material. In recent years, Aerogel have attracted towards various sectors, including building construction based on their promising properties and surprising applications in wide range of technical spaces. Aerogel based materials are prepared for its high-performance thermal insulation applications in building sectors. Despite, it also used in manufacture of chemical products, Electronics, thermal and acoustic insulations, energy absorbers, space suits and in building systems. This paper reviews the properties, formation and applications of aerogel in various sectors and its abundant utilization in building construction.
Study on Smart Construction Materials and Practices Using Glass Fiber in Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Narayanan Chandramohan , Shanmugam Loganayagan , Rajendran Desika , Gopal Bharath , kalamani Dharani Sami Nathan
Published: November 2020

Glass-fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) is a composite material made of a cementitious grid made out of concrete, sand, water and admixtures. In which glass filaments are scattered in short length. The Non-Structural components, as façade boards, funneling and channels has been generally utilized in the development business. GFRC gives various points of interest, for example, being lightweight, imperviousness to fire, great appearance and strength. Trial-tests are led for concrete with glass fiber and without glass fiber are led. The distinctions in compressive quality and flexural quality have been found in this investigation by utilizing 3D shapes of differing sizes. Various applications and advantages of GFRC appeared in the examination, techno-economic correlation with different kinds, the test results, and furthermore the financial calculations introduced demonstrate the capability of GFRC as an elective development material.
Study on Partial Replacement of Cement by Activated Clay, Fly ash and Nylon Fiber
Authors: kumar Aravinth Senthil , Baskaran Siddartha Srinivasan , Govindaraju Sivasubramani , Mahalingam Mahalakshmi
Published: November 2020

This paper deals with the effect of cement replacement by activated clay. The increased use of concrete creates an impact on the environment because of the emission of greenhouse gases. Also, the high usage of cement in concrete increase the carbon foot print level, leading to global warming. Concrete being the second largest utilized material after water and researches are aiming to reduce its consumption. This paper focuses on the reduction of the cement usage by replacing it with activated clay. Clay being abundantly available is used as an alternate to cement since it possesses pozzolanic nature. To enhance the properties of clay it was chemically activated before being used in the mix. On the other hand, the efficiency of Fiber Reinforced Concrete-FRC is far superior to the plain concrete. To improve the mechanical properties of concrete Nylons fibers are used in the mix. Nylon fibers has high strength to weight ratio and good abrasion resistance. This paper studies the effective replacement of cement with activated clay by 50% and the same was partially replaced with 2.5% and 5% of fly ash and nylon fiber. The mechanical properties such as compressive strength, spilt tensile strength and flexural strength were tested after 28 days of curing. The test results indicate that there is a significant increase in the compressive and flexural strength whereas a decline was observed in tensile strength.
Characteristic and microstructural study on an alternate material in brick manufacturing
Authors: Priya Pandiaraj Karthigai , Vanitha Sankararajan , Meyyappan Palaniappan
Published: November 2020

Rapid urbanization leads to diminishing of natural resources that are used in the construction activity thus creating threat to the environment and the society. If this situation exists, it will pose a severe threat to environment in future. Therefore, some alternate measures have to be taken in order to handle this issue. This study is focused on utilizing Vermicompost as a substitute material for Red soil in the manufacturing of bricks. The characteristic test and microstructural tests are carried out for the materials constituting the brick. The physical properties are tested by specific gravity and particle size analysis. In addition to this the microstructural studies of the brick making material and Vermicompost are done by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Infrared Spectrometer (EDAX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results of SEM show that the particles of Vermicompost is less porous and has lesser water absorption than that of red soil. From the XRD results it is evident that the elements obtained for the peak values of Red soil and Vermicompost are nearly same and also these elements are responsible for the good quality of bricks. It has been noted that the physical and chemical properties of the Vermicompost match with that of the Red soil indicating that it can be used as a replacement for Red soil. The manufactured bricks will be cost effective as well as sustainable solution in construction sector.
Effect of partial replacement of Eco sand on high performance concrete
Authors: Gunasekaran Eniyachandramouli , Shanmugam Govindhan , Karuppusamy Ranjith Selvan , Manoharan Vijay , Vellaichamy Preetha
Published: November 2020

The concrete plays a vibrant role in infrastructural developments. The major dispute of environmental degradation with sources of river sand is been substituted by M sand substantially at faster rate. The efforts to minimize the usage of Portland cement in concrete by other supplementary cementitious materials are also forging to control the environment-related problems. The study involves the behaviour of high performance concrete using partial replacement of cement by silica fume and partial replacement of M sand by Eco sand for M60 grade of concrete. Eco sand is an industrial waste product obtained from the cement industry is utilized as per the gradation analysis to evolve a better waste utilization and management system. The experimental works were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of high performance concrete containing cementitious materials of silica fume replaced by cement with 1-5%, M sand replaced by Eco-sand of 15-20%. Super plasticizer also added of about 1% to improve the workability of concrete. The results shows that the compressive strength gradually increased with 25% replacement of Eco sand and the optimal percentage of silica fume replacement identified as 5% by weight. The flexural strength at 28 days shows better for 20% replacement of eco sand than the control mix.
“Eco-Efficient” Concrete incorporating Ceramic Waste powder and Red brick dust as an effective replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement and Fine aggregate
Authors: Shanmugam Durgadevi , Chinnasamy Kavitha , kumar Kathiravan Natrajan Sampath , Elangovan Sankar , Raj Jayakumar Poun
Published: November 2020

Concrete is one of the most frequently used building material. Its usage worldwide is twice that of steel, wood, plastics and aluminum. Concrete is the mixture of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. The cement releases carbon-di-oxide which contributes 8% of annually released carbon content around the globe. The cement and fine aggregate in concrete can be partially or fully replaced by other cementitious materials. Ceramic waste powder is dumped away which brings about lot of ecological contamination and threatening both farming and general wellbeing. The cement is replaced with ceramic waste powder and red brick dust in replacement for fine aggregate in 5%, 10% and 15% by its weight. The mechanical and durability test were studied for the design mix of M20 grade concrete. The mechanical tests include compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength for which the optimum percentage of replacement of ceramic waste powder and red brick dust is found. In a similar way, durability test includes acid test and corrosion test were taken for 5%, 10% and 15% replacements. The mechanical and durability test results were compared with conventional (without replacement) concrete. These tests were completed to access the mechanical properties for 7 days, 14 days and 28 days. Results showed that, mechanical properties of concrete increases for 10% effective replacement of ceramic waste powder and red brick dust. Corrosion study shows that less probability of corrosion for 10% effective replacement. Negligible loss of weight is experimented form the acid study. Thus in clear, the test results shows that, effective replacement of ceramic waste powder and red brick dust by 10% replacement to cement and 10% to fine aggregate shows contemporary results with various extends in concrete.
Development of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Waste Foundry Sand
Authors: Mariyappan Ranjitham , Sivalingam Bharani Devi , Ramesh Buvana , Ramkumar Deepak
Published: November 2020

This paper exhibits the utilization of waste foundry sand as an incomplete substitution of fine total. Foundry sand is a side-effect of ferrous and non-ferrous metal projecting industry which contains high silica content with explicit physical properties. This examination presents the data about the structural designing utilizations of foundry sand, which is actually solid and is earth safe. This exploration is done to create an eco-accommodating and low lost cement. A test study has been done on concrete with squander foundry sand about supplanting level of 15%. In the current examination, impact of foundry sand as fine total substitution on the compressive quality of cement having blend extents of M 20 evaluation was researched. The came about material was tried and contrasted and the traditional cement as far as its quality and usefulness. The tests were done with standard 3D shape of measurements 150*150*150*mm and chamber 150*300* mm and for crystal 500*100*100* mm for 3 days to decide its quality. Through the exploratory outcome we presume that compressive quality increments with increment in fractional substitution of waste foundry sand. The point of the examination is to think about the mechanical properties of the solid by expansion of waste foundry sand in various extent and furthermore its quality.