bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainability Analysis At KnK Koffee Resources
Authors: Wahyudin Agus , Pramono Sari Maylia , Maftukhah Ida
Published: August 2024

MSMEs become one of the backbones of the national economy have enormous economic potential. Semarang City has 17,564 MSMEs (95%) and in the last five years, the turnover of MSMEs assisted by the Central Java Provincial Government has increased by Rp. 30.45 trillion. However, that does not mean that MSMEs do not encounter obstacles. This obstacle is exacerbated by the conditions of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Pandemic, the majority of business people experiencing a decline in turnover. The MSMEs affected by the pandemic are approximately 1,538 MSMEs, as many as 50% of MSMEs are food processing, and the remaining 50% are mixed MSMEs. It is necessary to assist the Community Service Team of the State University of Semarang (PPM Unnes) with the target audience of MSMEs in the City of Semarang, namely Strengthening Knk Koffee Resources Partners. This home-based coffee processing industry is a café stockist from 60 coffee shops (75% supplier) in Semarang, with an average turnover of 100 million per month. This activity is in line with the Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD) of Semarang City for 2016-2021. The community/locality development (CD/LD) model used includes community services, empowering, and relations, with the stages of collecting facts, problem formulation, program planning, action and communication, and evaluation. This activity is expected to improve the quality of partners/MSMEs by increasing the competitiveness, production, turnover and welfare of partners. Government support, research institutions and banks with motivating forces, credit, upkeep gear, and quality standard help will increment efficiency and quality whereas expanding smallholder coffee costs.
Análisis de los patrones espaciales del desarrollo y pobreza en Costa Rica
Authors: Rodríguez Soto Jorge
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to analyze the relationships between the different dimensions of poverty and development from a multidimensional and spatial perspective. Methodologically, this research is composed of two phases. The first, a descriptive statistics analysis of the Multidimensional Poverty Index and the Human Development one, was carried out, departing from the definitions of territoriality used in Costa Rica (rural-urban and by planning regions) with county-level data. In second place, a cluster analysis, with  K-means method, was developed with a database of 32 variables for development and poverty at the country level. About the results, we discovered that the typologies of rural and urban areas are significant but can be self-explanatory; the category of planning regions reveals relevant patterns in the center-periphery dynamics, particularly due to asymmetries between the center, the Pacific coast and, the Atlantic coast and borders. The cluster analysis confirms these patterns, showing that in terms of development, the country seems to be divided into 3 regions, while in terms of poverty is possible to identify 4. Concluding with some public and economic policy recommendations.
Las organizaciones sociales agrarias en el Uruguay contemporáneo: un abordaje desde la territorialidad asociativa
Authors: Ceroni Acosta Mauricio , Guedes Bica Emiliano , Oreggioni Walter , Sarachu Gerardo , Riet Juan
Published: August 2024

The current configuration of Latin American agrarian capitalism is expressed in the growth of the control of land and the commercialization of agricultural commodities, sustained by an increase in the degradation of basic natural resources and a decrease in the rural population and the number of workers. In this context, it is necessary to understand the political practice actions by social agricultural organizations concerning their material base, since changes in the existing territories have reshaped the associative relationships of these organizations. In this sense, this paper aims to present the main characteristics of social agricultural organizations in recent Uruguay under the conceptual perspective of associative territoriality. For this purpose, descriptive and interpretive research was used with a qualitative methodological design. Among the main results, the following stand out: i) the agrarian associative territoriality in predominant contemporary Uruguay refers to rural development societies and farming cooperatives, ii) such territoriality is concentrated in the central-southern region of the country, and iii) the predominance of associative territoriality refers to low intensity.
Kognitografinė bibliografijos koncepcija
Authors: Janonis Osvaldas
Published: August 2024

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Legal deposit in Lithuania in 1945 - 1992
Authors: Bagušytė Ringailė
Published: August 2024

The article describes in detail the development of legal deposit in Lithuania from 1945 to 1992, with a major focus on the documents regulating legal deposit and the control methods applied to the delivery of these documents.
A free obligatory copy, which was intended to fulfill the following major functions: archival, bibliographic, and statistical, and from 1945 to 1949 also librarian functions, was designated to the Bibliographic Centre - Books Palace from the very first day of its establishment, i.e., March 29, 1945.
The article describes the legislative documents of the Council of Ministers of Lithuania (1945, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1959). Starting in 1967, a system for the delivery of legal deposit was established in Lithuania. The documents regulating legal deposit were not changed often. Only in the late 1980s, with the changing social and political environment, did Lithuania start to seek the most optimal version (1987, 1989, 1990). The article, analyzing the documents regulating legal deposit, discusses in detail the types of components of the legal deposit and the number of legal deposits designated to the Books Palace, which was not always optimal.
The article describes in detail the control methods used to analyze the comprehensiveness of the reception of legal deposit, with a major focus on the basic control methods for publication delivery, i.e., on-site inspection of books included in the orders of polygraphic enterprises and regular review of periodical publications' card indexes. The article also presents additional control methods, such as the inspection of ledgers of monthly reports submitted by regional printing houses, publishing houses, and publishing organizations. It emphasizes that the monthly lists presented by Glavlit, which were subject to inspection until 1958, as well as the review of indexes of public bibliography publications issued by Union Books Palace, did not play a very significant role in the control of the comprehensiveness of legal deposit reception.
The performance of the legal deposit system in Lithuania was determined by the USSR institutions. However, even while operating within the limits permitted by the Union Books Palace, the basic functions of legal deposit were fulfilled in the Lithuanian Bibliographic Centre, and the fundamentals for further activities, which continue in the Centre of Bibliography and Book Science of the M. Mažvydas National Library, were developed.
Serial publications of book science in the world
Authors: Narbutienė Daiva
Published: August 2024

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Dalia Gargasaitė - bibliographer and book science specialist
Authors: Mačiulis Jonas
Published: August 2024

Dalia Gargasaitė (1938-1998) is considered to be one of the most distinguished contemporary bibliographers and book science specialists of Lithuania. Since the beginning of her creative work in the field of book science (she wrote a thesis titled "Dual Number in the Present-Day Lithuanian Language"), later on, being a staff member of the Lithuanian Book Chamber (now the Centre of Bibliography and Book Science within the Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania), she became famous as a researcher of old Lithuanian publications. She is a co-author of the fundamental work of Lithuanian bibliography of Series A, "Books in Lithuanian" (vol. I, 1969; vol. II (1), 1985; vol. II (2), 1988; vol. I: supplements, 1990). The object of investigations of the late D. Gargasaitė was Lithuanian books published in the United States between 1874 and 1904. Her exhaustive and generalized article on Lithuanian books in the US of that period is the first and most comprehensive work on this subject in Lithuania to date. During the last decade, she examined the publishing situation of Lithuanian books in the United States during the years 1905-1917. Concurrently, she actively participated in the preparation of the Lithuanian bibliographic publication of Series C titled "Articles from the Lithuanian Periodicals," which includes the period of 1832-1890. D. Gargasaitė is a compiler of the poetry collections "The Dawn is Coming, the New Day is Breaking" (1977) and "A Rustic's Song" (1982), which present samples of anonymous poetry from the 16th-19th centuries, as well as revolutionary poetry from the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries.
D. Gargasaitė actively participated in both scientific and periodical press. She made annotations and descriptions of the lithuanistically significant publications found in foreign libraries and archives, revealing the real names of authors writing under pseudonyms. In addition, she constantly raised the urgent problems of bibliographing old publications, publishing articles regarding Lithuanian cultural figures and press activists. For example, she wrote an article about the traveler and disseminator of Lithuanianism, Matas Šalčius.
During the last decade of her life, D. Gargasaitė devoted the greatest attention in her publicistic writings to the promulgation of the undertakings and accomplishments of cultural activists living in emigration, reflecting their efforts to cherish and foster Lithuanianism. She was a committed member of the Lithuanian Bibliophiles Society and was actively involved in the pursuits of the Lithuanian-Finnish and Lithuanian-Czech societies, delivering reports on book science at both national and international conferences.
Der Weg des Buches nach Litauen
Authors: Gudavičius Edvardas
Published: August 2024

Die Geschichte des Buches als eine Kulturerscheinung beginnt sich in Litauen erst nach der Taufe des Landes (1387) zu entwickeln. Es gibt etwa Nachrichten über die erste eingeführte liturgische Literatur. Die einheimische Buchschreibung und -binderei entstand im 15. Jahrhundert nur auf dem Grund der Kanzleiproduktion. Die Erfindung der Buchdruckerkunst veränderte die ganze Situation am Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts. In Litauen erreichten die Inkunabeln der Predigtsammlungen das Land. Die Kirche, die Großherrn und die Lehrjugend (am meisten von der Krakauer Universität) kauften die theologische, philosophische und juristische Literatur ein. Von dem Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts hatten schon die Gebrüder und die Aktualität des litauischen Lesers die Buchereinfuhr in das Land beeinflusst. Im Jahr 1499 erschien (gedruckt in Danzig) die erste geschriebene litauische Inkunabel – Agenda Martins. Das erste litauisch geschriebene und gedruckte Buch (die kleine Katechismus von M. Luther, 1547) kam aus Preußen, wurde aber von einer litauischen Mannschaft vorbereitet. Die ersten Buchdruckereien (außer dem kurzzeitigen Werk von Franz Skorina) begannen im Großfürstentum Litauen erst in den sechziger Jahren des 16. Jahrhunderts zu arbeiten.
CIVIC ADVOCACY CAMPAIGNS: DIRECTIONS OF INVOLVEMENT OF POLITICAL ACTIVISTS
Authors: TSATSENKO Oleksiy
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the research of civic engagement processes, which are gaining more and more publicity in world political science. Applying modern professional approaches, the author offers an explanation of the recruitment of civil advocacy through a clear political goal and connection with the current situational context. The article reveals and describes the main components of measuring the involvement of political activists within the framework of modern civil advocacy campaigns. The author reveals the mechanisms of expressing views and positions, protecting one’s rights and influencing decision-making processes at different levels of management. It is emphasized that civil advocacy covers a wide range of activities aimed at participation in political processes. The text examines advocacy campaigns in the political practice of consolidated democracies as organized events aimed at drawing attention to specific problems and achieving policy changes or raising public awareness. In the work, an appeal was also made to the qualification requirements and job duties of the leaders of civil campaigns. The article analyzes the actualization of the issue of civil advocacy in social and political innovations at the current stage. It is noted that in developed democratic countries a tendency to pay attention to social public innovations is outlined. It has been established that the development of civil society in Ukraine involves the development of a national model of engaging citizens in conducting advocacy campaigns. Attention is paid to attracting new active participants, for whom public advocacy campaigns become a factor in forming an environment of collaboration and expanding the circle of social communication. Emphasis is placed on the continuous inclusion of individuals and groups in activities aimed at improving the public environment and forming conscious public leadership and an atmosphere of social success. In the final part of the article, the author emphasizes that effective public involvement involves a variety of approaches. It was concluded that the decisive factor that prompts citizens to take a proactive position and participate in civil advocacy campaigns are pragmatic needs and ideas about achieving a state of satisfaction of requirements.
THE SEVEN-LEVEL HUMAN AS A BASIS FOR UNDERSTANDING HEALTH
Authors: ODYNETS Oksana
Published: August 2024

The health crisis is deepening due to the lack of a holistic view of the human being, necessitating a reevaluation of approaches to holistic health, transcending the medieval notion of the unity of spirit, soul, and body, which remains relevant to this day. A deeper understanding of the holistic essence of humans and their health can be found in the seven-level system, references to which are found in ancient Eastern traditions. In Western culture, the concept of sevenfoldness is also present in the works of medieval mystics, particularly the German thinker Jakob Böhme. The purpose of this article is to analyze the seven qualities of the Spirit, described by Böhme as his empirical experience of knowing God, which can serve as the basis for the concept of the seven-level structure of humans and their health. The analysis of the divine qualities described by Böhme, such as cold, heat, bitterness, sweetness, acidity, and saltiness, showed that separately, under certain conditions, they can cause human diseases. The seven types of Spirit classified by Böhme combine primary qualities into flexible, changing fluid groups that form certain states and can serve as the basis for the structuring of the seven-level human. Each of these seven qualities has its structure: each subsequent one absorbs and is based on the previous one. The first three qualities correspond to the earthly manifestation of humans in the physical, emotional, and active spheres of life. The fourth quality has a dual nature and combines the earthly and heavenly manifestations of the Spirit, while the three higher qualities define the higher spiritual triad, which, presumably, corresponds to the triune higher values that require further research. The analysis of Böhme’s works also showed that the lower qualities are reflected in the higher ones, being similar to them and at the same time opposite. Such a system can serve as a starting point for further studies of the structure of human wholeness and health, integrating the empirical experience of mystics and alchemists into the modern scientific context.
FEATURES AND MAIN TYPOLOGIES OF THE ORIGINAL RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND CULTS
Authors: SKREBETS Volodymyr , SHAVRINA Iryna
Published: August 2024

The article focuses on the research in the field of religious studies and the history of religion, specifically, the original religious cults and beliefs. The original beliefs are the basis of any modern religion. It is important to understand the history of formation of the ideas from the original communities’ times to the first states and up to current times. They allow us to better understand the religious beliefs and practices of our ancestors, as well as to find out how they influenced the formation of culture and society. Important aspects of the original religious beliefs, such as animism, totemism, fetishism, magic, and shamanism, which caused the formation of complex religious systems, are analyzed in the article. The original sources of well-known anthropologists, historians of religion of the 19th-21st centuries, which were not translated into Ukrainian, were analyzed, translated and introduced into scientific circulation. In the modern world, studying the original religious beliefs is important not only from a scientific point of view, but also from cultural and ethical points of view, as it allows to enhance our understanding and respect for the diversity of religions and cultures. The original religious beliefs have many unique features that distinguish them from more developed religious traditions. The original beliefs went beyond pure metaphysical explanations and included a variety of social and ethical aspects that were important for the formation of cultures and communities. Religious practices such as totemism and taboos played an important role in the lives of original communities and are key components of their religious traditions. In addition, original religious beliefs reflect many of the complex relationships between humans and nature, as well as our feelings and thoughts about life and death. These concepts reflect complex beliefs and practices that arose within original people groups and became key components of their religious traditions.
AN ARCHETYPAL ANALYSIS OF VASYL SIMONENKO’S WORK IN THE CONTEXT OF NATIONAL COMMEMORATIVE PRACTICES
Authors: TSYBENKO Maryna
Published: August 2024

The article deals with the creative heritage of the Sixties poet Vasyl Symonenko through the prism of the archetypal method. The methodological basis of the research is the principle of interdisciplinarity, methods of archetypal and comparative analysis, as well as the concept of language as a «house of being» (M.Heidegger). The relevance of this consideration is due to the growing theoretical and practical interest of social philosophy in various historical and cultural forms of spiritual phenomena of resistance and social cohesion under totalitarian pressure. The presence of markers of psychoanalytic structures of Jungian archetypes of the Self, Shadow, and Mother, as well as paradigms of Sophia, the Earth archetype, agrarian and Cossack background of Ukrainian mentality, high status of the family and value attitude to the past, substantiated by the theory of Ukrainian national archetypes and studies of Ukrainian mentality, is revealed in the poet’s civil lyrics. The author traces the manifestations of the philosophy of freedom, human dignity and national self-determination in the poetic word. As a result of the study, it is also noted that V.Symonenko’s poetry is characterized by vivid features of individualism, Ukraine-centrism, emotionality, courage or individual rebellion, which is a way of manifesting one’s national identity in the context of colonialism. The central idea of the study is that the archetypal method is a modern scientific method that offers a wide range of interpretations in the field of humanities, explication of philosophical meanings and problematization of collective phenomena of humanization of life, including the study of national cultures. One of the important conclusions of the article is the thesis about the ontological status of the socio-cultural phenomenon of the Sixties as a manifestation of non-conformism and counteraction to dogmatism, in the worldview of which the philosophy of dignity, freedom, protection of national identity, cultural pluralism and creative expression were important.
BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: FUNCTIONAL FEATURES AND CAPABILITIES
Authors: Barbashyn Andrii
Published: August 2024

International relations today require additional functional capabilities to enhance transparency, security, and efficiency in various areas, from interactions between national political actors to intergovernmental cooperation. Due to its functional features, blockchain technology can improve and simplify international cooperation through decentralization and the absence of a central controlling body; transparency, which allows all network participants to have equal access to identical information; immutability and data security, as information cannot be changed or deleted without the consent of all network participants; and automation through smart contracts that automatically execute upon the agreed conditions. Improving blockchain understanding is possible through various international programs involving stakeholders, with international relations being one of the important areas. Coordination and alignment of political components between countries to create common standards will promote the global implementation of certain standards and norms for blockchain and international cooperation. This will create a clear environment for implementing information and communication technologies aimed at developing the potential of politicians, civil servants, international players, government institutions, the private sector, and other stakeholders. However, the adoption of blockchain in many countries will require a review of the legal framework, the adoption of new norms, and the possible repeal of certain laws. The role of international organizations in the blockchain industry will grow, as most governments still lack clear policies on the technology, while the private sector is already actively promoting it. Ultimately, the widespread use of blockchain as a digital technology tool in modern international relations can lead to fundamental changes in various fields, from trade and finance to intellectual property protection and political stability. The article discusses the problems of using blockchain technology in international relations with the disclosure of its functional features and further opportunities for improving cooperation at the interstate level.
STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY IN UKRAINE DURING THE LARGE-SCALE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR
Authors: ZAIETS Dmytro
Published: August 2024

The article examines approaches to understanding public diplomacy and the potential of «soft power». A brief overview of modern types of public diplomacy, in particular cultural and digital, is given, and the peculiarities of cultural diplomacy are revealed. The article highlights that in modern political science, several approaches to the study of public diplomacy and its components can be distinguished. They are due to the emergence of the concepts of «soft power», «smart power», «national branding», as well as the close interdisciplinary interaction of public diplomacy, political science, sociology, marketing, public relations and information technologies.It is noted that currently a lot of attention is paid to the use of public diplomacy in the implementation of foreign policy programs of the countries of the world, which is connected with the strengthening of the role of civil society: residents of different countries receive more tools to influence the institutions of power both in their country and abroad. Communication channels (both new and traditional) are gaining more and more importance, changing the formats and methods of working with the population of foreign countries. The increase in the number of military conflicts inevitably forces interested states to look for new forms of influence on the foreign public and to review current programs in the field of diplomacy.The problems of public diplomacy of Ukraine, the relationship between the concepts of «public diplomacy» and «propaganda» are considered.The current state of public diplomacy, as well as the peculiarities of its implementation during the Russian-Ukrainian war, are studied. Emphasis is placed on the conditions under which public diplomacy in Ukraine has to be implemented at the present time. It was noted that in the conditions of Russian aggression, public diplomacy of Ukraine became a profitable direction of conducting foreign policy thanks to the third wave of globalization, as a result of which the society finally moved from an industrial to an informational state. The main vectors of the development of public diplomacy of Ukraine are considered.
Morphometric and functional changes in the kidney of rats induced by inorganic selenium
Authors: Randjelović Pavle , Radulović Niko , Stojanović Nikola , Ilić Ivan
Published: August 2024

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element. Depending on concentration, Se can manifest both beneficial and harmful effects on the cell and can have both oxidative and antioxidant effects. Because the therapeutic index for Se is very narrow and it can depend on the form of Se used, we aimed to investigate the potential safety and side effects of inorganic Se on kidney function and structure in rats. After 8 days of treatment, no detectable signs of microscopic changes or oxidative stress in kidney tissue were observed. We detected a moderate increase in urea and creatinine levels in the blood as a sign of a slight decrease in kidney function. The most notable changes in our study were morphometric alterations in proximal tubules and glomeruli, both of which were considerably enlarged. The short-term application of inorganic Se to rats in a supratherapeutic dose induced mild functional and ultrastructural changes in the kidneys. The dose of inorganic Se used could be considered relatively safe for short-term application in situations where Se could be beneficial to the organism, such as the usage of known nephrotoxicants or high levels of oxidative stress in the body.
THE SUBSTITUTION OF LEMURU FISH WASTE IN THE STUDY OF MAKING NATA DE FISH
Authors: Adharani Nadya , Rachmawati Nandya F , Sartika Dewi , Winata Widhi Sakti
Published: August 2024

Nata is the result of fermentation products by Avetobacter xylinum. If nata de coco is often found with coconut water media, then nata de fish is made with unused lemuru stew media and has the potential to be waste because it results in polluting the environment. This study aims to find out how to make nata by comparing the substitution of lemuru decoction to the quality of nata de fish. The study used factorial RAL with two factors, namely the use of clean water 1.5 L and 2 L, the results of the analysis on each parameter including, the interaction of treatment had a very real effect (p < 00.1) on thickness. Treatment interactions had a very real effect (p < 0.01) on the amendment. Treatment interactions had a very real effect (p > 0.01) on wet weight. Treatment interactions had a very noticeable effect (p > 0.01) on protein levels. The test results of the presence of Esecherichia coli in each treatment showed an average < 3 MPN/g.
THE USE OF A MAGNETIC SENSOR TO DETECT LOBSTER (Panulirus spp.) CATCHES ON THE LABORATORY SCALE
Authors: Wahyudi Andri , Hermawan Maman , Triyono Heri
Published: August 2024

Problems in operating trap fish tool are that fishermen do not know the actual condition of the traps. Thus, it causes the effectiveness of time and number of catches to be not optimal. Based on the conditions and problems above, the writer concluded that an innovation in the operation of the trap to design a magnetic sensor-based system/tool to detect lobster catches that can be accessed via smartphone is required. The aim of this study is to design and observe the performance of using a magnetic sensor to detect lobsters' (Panulirus spp.) movements on a laboratory scale (in the aquarium). Data analysis in this study used the Confusion Matrix method, where this method divides the test results into 4 common conditions: TP (True Positive), TN (True Negative), FP (False Positive), and FN (False Negative). From the 4 conditions, Recall, Specificity, Precision, Accuracy, and F1 Score can be calculated. From 16 tests with the 16 lobsters of 60-190 grams/individual, it obtained conditions of TP of 25 times, TN of 109 times, FP of 11 times, and FN of 15 times. From the four conditions, it was obtained a Recall value of 0.625 or 62.50%, Specificity of 0.9083 or 90.83%, Precision of 0.6944 or 69.44%, Accuracy of 0.8375 or 83.75%, and F1 Score of 0.6579 or 65.79%. Based on the observations and test results of the actual detection and application system in this study, performance reference for using magnetic sensors was by using Accuracy with a score of 83.75%.
QUALITY OF MALALUGIS SALTED FISH: A TRADITIONAL PRODUCT FROM BEBALANG, SANGIHE ISLANDS
Authors: Ansar Novalina Maya Sari , Ijong Frans Gruber , Tanod Wendy Alexander , Cahyono Eko , Rieuwpassa Frets Jonas , Mandeno Jefri Anthonius , Sambeka Yana
Published: August 2024

Bebalang Village is located in South Manganitu District, Sangihe Islands Regency, North Sulawesi. Bebalang Village is surrounded by the sea, so there are many coral reefs as a place for fish to live. Bebalang Village has huge fisheries potential, especially for pelagic fish such as flying fish (Decapterus sp.) with the local name malalugis. Generally, fishermen in Bebalang Village process malalugis fish into salted fish. However, salted fish processing in Bebalang Village still needs to be improved due to a lack of infrastructure, technology, and inadequate knowledge. In addition, sanitation and hygiene during processing could be more optimal, affecting the quality and safety of processed products. This study aims to evaluate the quality of salted fish produced by fishermen in Bebalang Village. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative. Salted fish test parameters are proximate, salt level, total bacteria and total fungi. Based on the test results of Kampung Bebalang salted fish, the moisture content ranged from 37.31-41.23%; protein ranged from 46.82-50.13%; salt level ranged from 10.66-15.58%; ash content from 12.25-13.58%; total bacteria between 2.6-4.8×103 CFU/gram; and total fungi which ranged from 5.2-9.5×102 CFU/gram.
Ultrasonic-assisted Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticle using Green Seaweed Ulva lactuca Extract
Authors: Hardiningtyas Safrina Dyah , Abrar Muhammad Naufal , Ramadhan Wahyu , Wakabayashi Rie , Uju Uju
Published: August 2024

Ulva lactuca, a green seaweed that is widely distributed in Indonesia, is abundant but still underutilized. Even though this seaweed contains a sulfated polysaccharide called ulvan as much as 30-40% of its dry biomass and secondary metabolite. These components can be applied in various fields including as a reducing agent for silver ions in the bottom up synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The utilization of seaweed extract combined with ultrasonication is expected to enhance the efficacy of environmentally friendly silver nanoparticle synthesis. The objective of this study was to obtain he crude extract of U. lactuca andto investigatethe impact of extract concentration and ultrasonication duration on the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. The study consists of two main phases 1) bio-synthesis employing different concentrations of the U. lactuca crude extract, and 2) bio-synthesis using selected extract concentrations combined with ultrasonic assistance for varying durations. The results of this study indicate that the crude extract of U. lactuca is a crude ulvan polysaccharide with a yield value and sulfate content of 26.9 ± 0.90% and 20.04 ± 1.02%, respectively. A reddish-brown color indicates the formation of silver nanoparticles. Based on the absorbance intensity, a 10% (v/v) concentration of ulvan crude extract produced the highest absorbance intensity (0.038 a.u). In addition, the ultrasonication duration of 60 minutes has succeeded in producing the smallest particle size (267.40 ± 6.52 nm) with a homogeneous particle distribution (PdI 0.265 ± 0.05). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images depicted oval-shaped silver nanoparticles, while the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum indicated the degradation of sulfate and polysulfide functional groups in the crude extract during the biosynthesis process. These findings highlight the significant role of sulfate/sulfide groups present in the U. lactuca crude extract in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles.
Introduction
Authors: Dalby Andrew
Published: August 2024

The Treatise is a didactic poem in Anglo-Norman which surveys a host of practical matters, ranging from childbirth and our passage through life, to estate management and life in fields, workshops, to activities in the home, the kitchen and the dining-hall, to the flora and fauna (and even the weather) of thirteenth-century England. The author and the intended audience for this poem are discussed in the introduction which follows, as are also as its date, the language, modern interpretations and its bibliography.
The Text and its Translation
Authors: Dalby Andrew
Published: August 2024

Discusses the text itself and provides this new translation.
Results of research on the morphological composition of solid municipal waste in residential buildings in southern regions of Russia
Authors: Abramov Yyacheslav
Published: August 2024

The relevance of the work is determined by the extensive coverage of the «waste reform» in public sources, mass media, and scientific publications. The article provides references to sources confirming the constant changes in the morphological composition of solid municipal waste and its differences based on the source type. The paper presents the results of research on the morphological composition of solid municipal waste in residential buildings in the central regions of the Russian Federation, based on studies conducted from 2016 to 2022. The research was carried out in the Republic of Mordovia, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Yaroslavl region, and the Tula region at 105 accumulation sites, located in 25 municipalities (urban district, urban or rural settlement). The research results show differences in the composition of solid municipal waste from apartment buildings and individual residential houses in the central regions of Russia. The author draws conclusions about the composition of solid municipal waste for apartment buildings and individual residential houses in the central regions of the Russian Federation. It is determined that the main component of this type of waste is food waste regardless of the type of housing conditions. The main difference in the composition of solid municipal waste from apartment buildings and individual residential houses is the different percentage ratio of the «paper, cardboard» components. Changes in the composition of these waste materials are identified by seasons. It is shown that seven main components of solid municipal waste: food waste, paper, cardboard, garden and park waste, glass, screenings (small fraction, sweepings), miscellaneous, and polymers constitute about 90 % of their total mass.
Active Sites of Cu/ZnO-Based Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol: Part III
Authors: Salmi Mustafa Al
Published: August 2024

Part II of this review examines how preparation methods influence catalyst performance and the impact of doping with elements like ceria, alumina and zirconia on CO2conversion selectivity. We conclude that zinc oxide enhances copper dispersion and promotes a synergistic effect at the interface, leading to improved catalytic performance. This work presents the continuation of and conclusions from Parts I () and II ().
Impaired Glucose Metabolism, Primary Cilium Defects, and Kidney Cystogenesis in Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia
Authors: Monteillet Laure , Perrot Gwendoline , Evrard Félicie , Miliano Alexane , Silva Marine , Leblond Alicia , Nguyen Clément , Terzi Fabiola , Mithieux Gilles , Rajas Fabienne
Published: August 2024

Key Points

Metabolism adaptations due to glucose-6 phosphate accumulation in glycogen storage disease type Ia kidneys, toward a Warburg-like metabolism, promoted cell proliferation.

Metabolic perturbations directly affected primary cilium structure and cystogenesis in glycogen storage disease type Ia kidneys.

Background

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSDIa) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the catalytic subunit of glucose-6 phosphatase (G6PC1). This leads to severe hypoglycemia, and most young patients with GSDIa develop CKD. The kidney pathology is characterized by the development of cysts, which typically occur at an advanced stage of CKD.

Methods

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for cyst formation, we characterized renal metabolism, molecular pathways involved in cell proliferation, and primary cilium integrity using mice in which G6pc1 was specifically deleted in the kidney from an in utero stage.

Results

GSDIa mice exhibited kidney fibrosis, high inflammation, and cyst formation, leading to kidney dysfunction. In addition, the loss of G6PC1 led to the ectopic accumulation of glycogen and lipids in the kidneys and a metabolic shift toward a Warburg-like metabolism. This metabolic adaptation was due to an excess of glucose-6 phosphate, which supports cell proliferation, driven by the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal–regulated kinases and protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. Treatment of GSDIa mice with rapamycin, a target of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, reduced cell proliferation and kidney damage. Our results also identified lipocalin 2 as a contributor to renal inflammation and an early biomarker of CKD progression in GSDIa mice. Its inactivation partially prevented kidney lesions in GSDIa. Importantly, primary cilium defects were observed in the kidneys of GSDIa mice.

Conclusions

Metabolic adaptations because of glucose-6 phosphate accumulation in GSDIa renal tubules, toward a Warburg-like metabolism, promoted cell proliferation and cyst formation in a similar manner to that observed in various cystic kidney diseases. This was associated with downregulation of primary cilium gene expression and, consequently, altered cilium morphology.
EB Formation using Aggrewell 400/800 v1
Authors: Sawarkar Niraj , Tipon Regine , Nonose Yasmine , Croft Gist
Published: August 2024

Embryoid body formation is the aggregate formation of hPS cells in a three-dimensional format to differentiate into specific lineages. In this,protocol we would discuss some important steps to ensure consistent EB formation using multiple cell lines.
EB Formation using Aggrewell 400/800 v2
Authors: Sawarkar Niraj , Tipon Regine , Nonose Yasmine , Croft Gist
Published: August 2024

Embryoid body formation is the aggregate formation of hPS cells in a three-dimensional format to differentiate into specific lineages. In this,protocol we would discuss some important steps to ensure consistent EB formation using multiple cell lines.
SNA (Synthetic Nutrient Deficient) Agar for Identification fungi v1
Authors: Paredes Gabriela
Published: August 2024

SNA (Spezieller Nährstoffarmer Agar), or Synthetic Nutrient Deficient Agar, is a specialized culture medium designed for the identification and study of fungi such as Fusarium and Cylindrocarpon. This medium is nutrient-deficient, promoting specific morphological characteristics in these fungi that are critical for accurate identification. SNA is frequently used in mycological research and diagnostics, particularly in laboratories focused on plant pathology and fungal taxonomy. If the goal is to observe and document specific growth patterns, sporulation, or other morphological traits of these fungi under nutrient-limited conditions, SNA agar provides an optimal environment. When Not to Use SNA Agar: Isolation of Nutrient-Demanding Fungi: For fungi that require richer nutrient environments for growth, such as certain saprophytic or pathogenic fungi not belonging to Fusarium or Cylindrocarpon, SNA agar would not provide the necessary nutrients for their development. Rapid Growth and Mass Production: If the objective is to rapidly grow and mass-produce fungal cultures for spore collection or other applications, a nutrient-rich medium such as Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) or Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) would be more appropriate
USDA LTAR Common Experiment measurement: Total suspended solids (TSS) v2
Authors: Dalzell Brent
Published: August 2024

Total suspended solids (TSS) refers to all the material from a well-mixed sample retained by a filter media. In the case of environmental water samples, TSS is commonly used to measure sediment in surface waters (field runoff, ditches, and streams) but can also be present in subsurface flow where macropore flow or surface inlets to tile drainage systems are present. In some cases, TSS can also include algae or other plant materials that comprise volatile suspended solids (VSS) because combustion in a muffle furnace eliminates them. The recommended method for measuring TSS includes passing a known sample volume through a pre-weighed filter and measuring the oven-dry weight of the material trapped on the filter.
proteomics (mitochondria) v1
Authors: Hecke Morais Livia , Quan Baiyi , Chou Tsui-fen
Published: August 2024

Here we describe proteomics experiment with isolated mitochondrial extracts at the Proteome exploration laboratory (PEL) at Caltech by Baiyi Quan, Jeff Jones and Tsui-Fen Chou in collaboratin with Livia Hecke Morais and Sarkis Mazmanian.
Wheat spike meristem micro-dissection v1
Authors: Faci Isabel , Elisabeth Backhaus Anna , Uauy Cristobal
Published: August 2024

The aim of this protocol is to micro-dissect young wheat plants to access developing meristems which are found enveloped within growing leaves. This protocol can be used to dissect spikes during early stages of development, for both wheat and barley.
A simple and quick protocol for isolating human IgM antibodies from plasma using magnetic beads v1
Authors: Bhatia Sudhir , Baersch Gudrun
Published: August 2024

Magnetic beads are used in various applications, e.g. cell isolation, nucleic acid analysis and endotoxin elimination. Numerous groups are actively involved in the development of immunoglobulins for various research purposes. For example, many research projects require human IgM from human plasma. IgM are antibodies that appear in the first phase of infections with pathogens; their presence therefore indicates that the infection has only just begun. In addition, IgMs are often needed in research to determine their properties, and some groups are working to determine the properties of such antibodies for future therapeutic use. In all these cases, users need to isolate them from plasma. We have developed a protocol to isolate such IgM antibodies using magnetic beads. You can also use this protocol to isolate sterile antibodies.
Poly-ornithine/laminin substrate for neural cell culture v1
Authors: Croft Gist , Tipon Regine
Published: August 2024

This protocol is used to create adhesive and bioactive substrate for neural cell types, low to high density nuerons, astrocytes, or organoids. It is based on standard methods but includes several optimizations, use case recommendations, and alternatives, and advice.
Protocol for longitudinal imaging of the taste bud in vivo with two-photon laser scanning microscopy v1
Authors: N Walters Brittany , D Whiddon Zachary , W McGee Aaron , F Krimm Robin
Published: August 2024

Here we combined chronic in vivo two-photon laser scanning microscopy with genetic sparse labeling of gustatory neurons to repeatedly observe taste cells and arbors (nerve fibers) in taste buds across time. This method expands the investigative possibilities offered by previously developed methods, and we demonstrate a number of these, such as: differentiation of cells and observation of cell turnover, arbor plasticity, and a few stains/dyes that can be used in vivo to observe nuclei and organelles in the taste bud. A workflow for reconstructing the composite z-stacks with grayscale data of both cells and arbors using ImageJ, Neurolucida 360, and Neurolucida Explorer software are also provided. Together, the method and software options for analysis presented here demonstrate a novel approach for repeatedly observing taste cells and arbors in vivo in the taste bud.
Fungal gene knockout with Agrobacterium tumefaciens using Gibson assembly v1
Authors: Wolfram JWD Debler Johannes
Published: August 2024

This method uses Agrobacterium tumefaciens to transfer a piece of TDNA containing a resistance gene (hph for hygromycin in this particular case) flanked by homologous regions of the gene you want to knock out into the fungal spore. The process is broken down into following steps: Assembly of the knockout construct via Gibson assembly Transformation into E.coli Plasmid harvest and transformation into Agrobacterium tumefaciens TDNA transfer into fungal spores Verifying knockout
Additional General Developmental Program of Social and Humanitarian Orientation “I Am Developing” for Children 4–5 Years Old
Authors: Zhukova L.G. , Fomina G.M. , Kotelnikova Yu.A.
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the description of the program “I am developing” for preschool children 4–5 years old. The implementation of the program is based on an interdisciplinary psychological and pedagogical approach and is aimed at revealing the internal resources of pupils (including those with disabilities), cognitive development, the development of regulatory functions, as well as the emotional, personal and communicative development of children. Classes are built in the stream of the neuropsychological approach and suggest an early start of corrective action in the created developmental environment. The basis of this developing psychological and pedagogical program is the theoretical provisions of L.S. Vygotsky, A.R. Luria about the patterns of development and the hierarchical structure of the brain organization of higher mental functions in ontogenesis (the theory of three functional blocks of the brain), as well as theoretical and applied research by A.V. Semenovich about neuropsychological correction according to the principle of “replacing ontogenesis method”. As a result of approbation of the program, results were obtained confirming an increase in the basic properties of voluntary attention, the development of basic cognitive functions (thinking, memory), the emotional-volitional sphere, communication skills, as well as the motor sphere (perseverance, impulsivity reduction, elimination of hyperkinetic and hypokinetic syndromes).
Delivery systems for growth factors and cytokines in the treatment of chronic skin wounds
Authors: Chuprynin Gleb P. , Kolesnikova Natalia V. , Melkonian Karina I.
Published: August 2024

Chronic wounds are characterized by a wide prevalence, high mortality rate, complex and expensive treatment. Characteristic features of non-healing wounds are prolonged inflammation, dysfunction of immune cell regulation, and imbalance in the secretion of growth factors and cytokines. All this leads to impaired healing processes and restoration of skin functions. Current research demonstrates the importance of studying the influence of growth factors and cytokines on the process of repair of chronic skin wounds, and the importance of developing ways to use integrated therapies to deliver bioactive substances to injury site. Different types of encapsulating forms represent a promising and effective system for the delivery of drugs that have a stimulating effect on the wound healing process. Hydrogels provide controlled release and protect bioactive molecules from protease degradation. This review examines the role of immune cells in the pathogenesis of chronic skin wounds and their interactions with cytokines and growth factors in the reparative process of chronic skin injuries. The review article evaluates modern approaches to the use of various biomaterials for the delivery of cytokines, which, on the one hand, ensures their retention, stabilization and protection from degradation, and on the other hand, promotes the closure and healing of the wound surface.