bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyber Victimization on College Campuses
Authors: Wright Michelle F.
Published: March 2016

Although much is known about the cross-sectional associations between cyber victimization and the negative socioemotional outcomes associated with this experience, not much is known about the longitudinal associations among college students. The purpose of the present study was to examine longitudinal, bidirectional associations between cyber victimization, suicidal ideation, depression, and anxiety among college students, using cross-lagged models. These relationships were examined over 4 years. Participants were 1,483 college students ( Mage = 24.67; 60% female; 35% White, 15% Black/African American, 10% Latino/Latina, 6% Asian, and 4% biracial) from Southeastern universities in the United States. They completed self-reports of face-to-face and cyber victimization and questionnaires on suicidal ideation, depression, and anxiety at four time points over 4 years. Findings revealed that cyber victimization contributed to suicidal ideation, depression, and anxiety over time, and that suicidal ideation, depression, and anxiety each contributed to cyber victimization over time as well. Such findings suggest bidirectional relationships between these variables, although there were differences in the size of the bivariate relationships. In particular, the magnitudes of the associations were stronger when cyber victimization predicted suicidal ideation, depression, and anxiety. Recommendations are provided to help reduce or eliminate cyber victimization among students on college campuses.
Electroretinography and Visual Evoked Potentials in Childhood Brain Tumor Survivors
Authors: Pietilä Sari , Lenko Hanna L. , Oja Sakari , Koivisto Anna-Maija , Pietilä Timo , Mäkipernaa Anne
Published: March 2016

This population-based cross-sectional study evaluates the clinical value of electroretinography and visual evoked potentials in childhood brain tumor survivors. A flash electroretinography and a checkerboard reversal pattern visual evoked potential (or alternatively a flash visual evoked potential) were done for 51 survivors (age 3.8-28.7 years) after a mean follow-up time of 7.6 (1.5-15.1) years. Abnormal electroretinography was obtained in 1 case, bilaterally delayed abnormal visual evoked potentials in 22/51 (43%) cases. Nine of 25 patients with infratentorial tumor location, and altogether 12 out of 31 (39%) patients who did not have tumors involving the visual pathways, had abnormal visual evoked potentials. Abnormal electroretinographies are rarely observed, but abnormal visual evoked potentials are common even without evident anatomic lesions in the visual pathway. Bilateral changes suggest a general and possibly multifactorial toxic/adverse effect on the visual pathway. Electroretinography and visual evoked potential may have clinical and scientific value while evaluating long-term effects of childhood brain tumors and tumor treatment.
Childhood Sexual Abuse and Antisocial Traits and Behaviors: A Gendered Examination of the Factors Associated With Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Cubellis Michelle A. , Peterson Bryce Elling , Henninger Alana M. , Lee Daiwon
Published: March 2016

The current study addressed the relationship between child sexual abuse (CSA) and perpetration of physical intimate partner violence, examining the possible mediating effect of antisocial traits and behaviors, as well as the differences in these relationships between men and women. Data came from the International Dating Violence Study. Hypotheses were tested on a sample of 13,659 university students from 68 sites and 32 countries using hierarchical linear modeling. Results indicated that CSA was significantly associated with perpetration of physical intimate partner violence for both men and women. The slope of the relationships, however, varied across sites for women. Antisocial traits and behaviors fully mediated the relationship between CSA and perpetration of physical intimate partner violence for women but only partially mediated this relationship for men. Increased focus needs to be paid to gender differences on the effect of CSA on the development of antisocial traits and behaviors, the relationship between these factors and perpetration of intimate partner violence, and the variation of these relationships across nations.
“You’re Underestimating Me and You Shouldn’t”
Authors: Kissane Rebecca Joyce , Winslow Sarah
Published: March 2016

Using qualitative data, this article investigates women’s experiences in fantasy sports, a context that offers the potential for transformations in the gendered order of traditionally masculinized athletic environments by blurring the distinctions between real and virtual, combining active production and passive consumption, and allowing men and women to play side-by-side. We find, however, women often describe fantasy sports as a male/masculine space in which they are highly visible and have their ability to compete like men questioned, largely because of gendered assumptions regarding sports knowledge. Women’s attitudes and behaviors frequently reproduce traditional gender dynamics, although women also engage in behaviors and assert definitions of themselves that are potentially transformative—implicitly and explicitly pushing the boundaries of what females are expected to be and accomplish in sport. Often, however, they simultaneously reproduce and resist men’s dominance and women’s marginalization, exercising (1) “mediated agency” by using men to improve their fantasy sports experience and play or (2) “conflicted agency” by reinforcing or accepting gender stereotypes about women while using those stereotypes to their advantage or positioning themselves as atypical women to whom the stereotypes do not apply.
Biopolitics and the ‘Complementary Heterogeneity’ of Migratory Flows in Italy
Authors: Tomei Gabriele
Published: March 2016

This article focuses on the links and interdependences between new trends in post-Fordist globalization and the current direction of migration flows and migrants’ projects in Italy. On the one hand, thousands of migrants are arriving as stowaways or asylum seekers due to political and economic tensions from the Syrian crisis and elsewhere in the Arab world. At the same time, an increasing number of highly-skilled youths are leaving Italy in order to seek insertion in more dynamic knowledge-based economies. Informed by Foucault’s approach to biopolitics, this work critically considers the ‘complementary heterogeneity’ of these migratory flows as a focal point and examines them in the structural context produced by the post-2007 crisis.
Access to Care and Diabetes Management Among Older American Indians With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Nicklett Emily J. , Omidpanah Adam , Whitener Ron , Howard Barbara V. , Manson Spero M.
Published: March 2016

Objective: To examine the relationship between health care access and diabetes management among a geographically diverse sample of American Indians (AIs) aged 50 and older with type 2 diabetes. Method: We examined the relationship between access to care and diabetes management, as measured by HbA1c, using 1998-1999 data from the Strong Heart Family Study. A series of bivariate and multivariate linear models examined the relationships between nine access-related variables and HbA1c levels. Results: In bivariate analyses, out-of-pocket costs were associated with higher HbA1c levels. No other access-related characteristics were significantly associated with diabetes management in bivariate or in multivariate models. Discussion: Access-related barriers were not associated with worse diabetes management in multivariate analyses. The study concludes with implications for clinicians working with AI populations to enhance opportunities for diabetes management.
Sub-Ethnic and Geographic Variations in Out-of-Pocket Private Health Insurance Premiums Among Mid-Life Asians
Authors: Choi Sunha
Published: March 2016

Objective: This study examined out-of-pocket premium burden of mid-life Asian Americans by comparing six sub-groups of Asians after controlling for geographic clustering at the county and state levels. Method: The 2007-2011 National Health Interview Survey was linked to community-level data and analyzed for 4,628 Asians (ages 50-64), including 697 Asian Indians, 1,125 Chinese, 1,393 Filipinos, 434 Japanese, 524 Koreans, and 455 Vietnamese. Non-Hispanic Whites were included as a comparison group ( n = 48,135). Three-level multilevel modeling (state > county > individual) was conducted. Results: Koreans and Vietnamese were found as vulnerable sub-groups considering their lower private health insurance rates and higher uninsured rates. Among those with private insurance, Asians, specifically Filipinos, paid significantly less than non-Hispanic Whites. Moderate but significant variations in the county- and state-level variance in out-of-pocket premiums were found, especially among mid-life Asians. Discussion: This study demonstrates the importance of examining within-group heterogeneity and geographic variations in understanding premium burden among mid-life Asians.
Social Activities, Incident Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality
Authors: Han Sae Hwang , Tavares Jane L. , Evans Molly , Saczynski Jane , Burr Jeffrey A.
Published: March 2016

Objective: This study examined the relationships between social activities, incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), and non-CVD mortality among older adults in the United States. Method: Data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2010) were employed. Two measures of social engagement, volunteering and informal helping, along with two measures of social participation, attendance at religious services and social group meetings, were included. Mediation models for health behaviors were estimated. Results: Multinomial logistic regression models demonstrated that volunteering provided the most consistent results in terms of a lower risk of incident CVD and mortality. Furthermore, volunteering at higher time commitments is related to lower CVD incidence and death; informally helping others at a modest time commitment is related to lower risk of death only. Health behaviors mediated the relationships. Social participation was not related to either CVD or mortality. Discussion: Social activity is a modifiable behavior that may be considered a potential health intervention.
Race Differences in Advance Directive Completion
Authors: Koss Catheryn S. , Baker Tamara A.
Published: March 2016

Objective: Rates of advance directive completion have increased over the past decade, but significant race differences remain. This study examined how overall increases in advance directive completion have affected disparities between White and African American older adults. Method: Data were taken from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Using logistic regression models, the odds of having an advance directive among a sample of older African Americans and Whites who died between 2001 and 2012 were compared ( N = 5,832). Results: Odds for African Americans were 16% of the odds for Whites, p < .001, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.11, 0.23]. There were no significant interactions between race and year of death before 2010. During 2010-2012, the increase in the odds for African Americans was greater than for Whites, odds ratio (OR) = 1.95, p = .02, 95% CI = [1.14, 3.35]. Discussion: Although race disparities remain, the gap between Whites and African Americans has begun to narrow.
Accretion rates in coastal wetlands of the southeastern Gulf of California and their relationship with sea-level rise
Authors: Ruiz-Fernández Ana Carolina , Sanchez-Cabeza Joan-Albert , Serrato de la Peña Jorge Luis , Perez-Bernal Libia Hascibe , Cearreta Alejandro , Flores-Verdugo Francisco , Machain-Castillo Maria Luisa , Chamizo Elena , García-Tenorio Rafael , Queralt Ignasi , Dunbar Robert , Mucciarone Dave , Diaz-Asencio Misael
Published: March 2016

Sea-level rise (SLR) is one of the most conspicuous examples of the environmental impact of recent climate change. Since SLR rates are not uniform around the planet, local and regional data are needed for proper adaptation plans. 210Pb-dated sediment cores were analyzed to determine the trends of sediment accretion rates (SARs) at three tropical saltmarshes in the Estero de Urias lagoon (Gulf of California, Mexico), in order to estimate the SLR trends during the past ~100 years, under the assumption that these ecosystems accrete at a similar rate to SLR. A chemometric approach, including multivariate statistical analysis (factor analysis) of geochemical data (including δ13C; δ15N; C/N ratios; and Br, Na, and Cl as proxies for marine transgression) was used to identify the marine transgression in the sediment records. Based on core geochemistry, only one of the three cores provided a long-term record attributable to marine transgression. SLR trends, estimated from SARs, showed increasing values, from a minimum of 0.73 ± 0.03 mm yr−1 at the beginning of the 20th century and up to 3.87 ± 0.12 mm yr−1 during the period 1990–2012. The estimated SLR trend between 1950 and 1970 was comparable to the tide gauge records in Mazatlan City for the same period. Results showed the caveats and strengths of this methodology to reconstruct decadal SLR trends from the sedimentary record, which can be used to estimate long-term SLR trends worldwide in regions where monitoring data are scarce or absent.
Ketamine may be related to reduced ejection fraction in children during the procedural sedation
Authors: Eken C , Serinken M , Dogan M
Published: March 2016

Objective:

Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic agent with sympathomimetic effects used commonly for procedural sedation in emergency department. The present study aimed to reveal the effect of ketamine on myocardium by measuring ejection fraction (EF).

Methods:

Patients less than 9 years old undergoing procedural sedation with ketamine secondary to minor trauma composed the study population by convenience sampling. Study patients received ketamine at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg. A cardiologist performed the measurements of cardiac contractility pre-ketamine and 10 min after the ketamine administration.

Results:

A total of 22 patients were enrolled into the study. Patient recruitment has been ceased after the 22nd patient because of the thought that more patients would not provide additional information. The study subjects had a mean age of 3.5 ± 2.2 years and 14 (64%) of them were male. EF reduced in 14 (63.6%) patients (mean: 5.6 ± 3.1; median: 5; interquartile range (IQR): 3.75–7; minimum–maximum (min–max): 1–14). Systolic blood pressures reduced in 10 of 14 patients with decreased EF and increased in 8 of 10 patients without decreased EF. The changes in systolic blood pressure in patients with decreased EF ( n = 14) were as follows: −7.6 ± 10.9; median: −7.5; IQR: −16.5 to 1.75; and min–max: −30 to 9. There were two patients with elevated high-sensitive troponin.

Conclusion:

Ketamine may reduce EF and systolic blood pressure in children less than 9 years old undergoing procedural sedation.
Detection of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in milk and blood as a test for early pregnancy in dairy cows
Authors: Commun Loïc , Velek Katherine , Barbry Jean-B. , Pun San , Rice Anna , Mestek Anton , Egli Christoph , Leterme Serge
Published: March 2016

The objective of our study was to evaluate 2 pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for use with either blood or milk. From 12 dairy farms, 116 Montbéliarde or Holstein cows were selected that had either undergone artificial insemination (AI; n = 102) or had calved ( n = 14) 2–3 months earlier and had not undergone any further AI. Serum, plasma, and milk were obtained from all cows; serum and plasma were analyzed using the blood pregnancy test and milk using the milk pregnancy test. No false-positive results were observed when samples of the 14 noninseminated cows were tested. Cows undergoing AI were sampled at ~16, 30, and 41 days post-AI. An additional milk sample was taken at ~53 days post-AI. To establish whether the inseminated cows were pregnant, the cows were subjected to transrectal ultrasonography (TU) on or around day 41. Of the 102 inseminated cows, 63 were confirmed pregnant by TU. By day 30, the serum, plasma, and milk ELISAs demonstrated 100%, 100%, and 98.1% sensitivity and 88.6%, 88.9%, and 90.3% specificity, respectively, with potential pregnancy losses 30–41 days post-AI. Accuracy obtained on serum, plasma, and milk at ~41 days post-AI and on milk at ~53 days post-AI ranged from 97.4% to 100%. There were no differences of practical significance in performance between the blood and milk ELISAs for the sampling dates chosen. This new diagnostic capability with milk samples offers a major improvement in bovine reproductive management.
Norm enforcement in the city revisited: An international field experiment of altruistic punishment, norm maintenance, and broken windows
Authors: Berger Joël , Hevenstone Debra
Published: March 2016

In laboratory experiments, people are willing to sanction norms at a cost—a behavioral tendency called altruistic punishment. However, the degree to which these findings can be generalized to real-world interactions is still debated. Only a small number of field experiments have been conducted, and initial results suggest that punishment is less frequent outside of the lab. This study replicates one of the first field experiments on altruistic punishment and builds ties to research on norm compliance and the broken windows theory. The original study addressed the enforcement of the anti-littering norm in Athens. We replicate this study in Bern, Zurich, and New York City. As an extension, we investigate how the experimental context (clean vs littered) impacts social norm enforcement. As a second extension, we investigate how opportunity structure impacts the maintenance of the anti-littering norm. Findings indicate that norms are universally enforced, although significantly less than in the standard laboratory experiment, and that enforcement is significantly more common in Switzerland than in New York. Moreover, individuals prefer more subtle forms of enforcement to direct punishment. We also find that enforcement is less frequent in littered than in clean contexts, suggesting that broken windows might not only foster deviant behavior but also weaken informal social control. Finally, we find that opportunity structure can encourage people to maintain norms, as indicated by the fact that people are more likely to voluntarily pick up litter when it is closer to a trash bin.
Honors: A rational choice analysis of award bestowals
Authors: Frey Bruno S , Gallus Jana
Published: March 2016

Principals bestow awards in different forms, such as orders, medals, decorations, badges, prizes, or titles. Our contribution focuses on the givers’ side of award bestowals and analyzes the distinct purposes that such bestowals serve. Awards have the potential to raise their recipients’ intrinsic motivation, while money is more likely to crowd it out. Awards establish special ties of loyalty between the givers and recipients. The threat of withdrawal by the givers, and rejection by recipients, serves as a mutual control mechanism on future behavior. Givers may bask in the reflected glory of well-known personalities whom they honor. They may exploit the expressive function of awards and signal to agents and the public what kind of attitude and behavior they value.
B19-phase transition and related tensile properties of Ti50Ni30Cu20 shape memory alloy doped with hydrogen
Authors: Zuo Shungui , Jin Mingjiang , Song Yuanwei , Jin Xuejun
Published: March 2016

The B19-phase transition and the related tensile properties of Ti50Ni30Cu20 shape memory alloys were investigated after hydrogen doping. The results revealed that the presence of hydrogen suppressed the B2–B19 transition by decreasing transformation enthalpies. Aging at room temperature lowered martensitic transformation temperature, which might have been associated with the variation of hydrogen contents and states. Ti50Ni30Cu20 shape memory alloys manifested high thermal cycling stability after the aging treatment. In addition, the increase in the hydrogen content was accompanied by an increment in detwinning stress of B19 phase, whereas the elongation of Ti50Ni30Cu20 alloys decreased. Based on our analysis, these effects were caused by the combined activities of different hydrogen states, including those of hydrides and solid-solution hydrogen.
Rhabdoid Myomelanocytic Tumor (PEComa) of the Ovary
Authors: Rampisela Debby , Grossmann Petr , Donner Ludvik R.
Published: March 2016

A 3.0 × 2.5 cm rhabdoid myomelanocytic tumor was incidentally found in the left ovary of a 43-year-old black woman. The tumor cells were cytologically bland with minimal proliferation rate, multifocally weakly or moderately expressed TFE3, strongly expressed smooth muscle markers and SMARCB1/INI1, and focally expressed HMB45. They contained numerous paranuclear whorls of intermediate filaments that were verified by ultrastructure. No other lines of differentiation were detected within the tumor. Neither translocation nor increased number of copies of the TFE3 gene at Xp11.22 was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The patient remains well, free of tumor, 7 years after surgery. A rhabdoid variant of myomelanocytic tumor is a rarity, with only a single case described previously.
Non-Traditional Wives With Traditional Husbands
Authors: Cheung Adam Ka-Lok , Choi Susanne Yuk-Ping
Published: March 2016

Feminist scholars have argued that husband gender traditionalism is one of the root causes of spousal violence against women. Using couple-level data from Hong Kong ( N = 871 couples), this article argues that a second mechanism—couple gender value mismatch—also explains husband-to-wife physical assault. Our findings show that a husband’s gender traditionalism is positively associated with husband-to-wife physical assault only when the husband is coupled with a wife who has non-traditional gender attitudes. Similarly, egalitarian gender attitudes in wives are positively associated with husband-to-wife physical assault only when a non-traditional wife is coupled with a traditional husband.
Gender-Blind Sexism and Rape Myth Acceptance
Authors: Stoll Laurie Cooper , Lilley Terry Glenn , Pinter Kelly
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this article is to explore whether gender-blind sexism, as an extension of Bonilla-Silva’s racialized social system theory, is an appropriate theoretical framework for understanding the creation and continued prevalence of rape myth acceptance. Specifically, we hypothesize that individuals who hold attitudes consistent with the frames of gender-blind sexism are more likely to accept common rape myths. Data for this article come from an online survey administered to the entire undergraduate student body at a large Midwestern institution ( N = 1,401). Regression analysis showed strong support for the effects of gender-blind sexism on rape myth acceptance.
Will Moving to a Better Neighborhood Help? Teenage Residential Mobility, Change of Context, and Young-Adult Educational Attainment
Authors: Goldsmith Pat Rubio , Britton Marcus L. , Reese Bruce , Velez William
Published: March 2016

Research suggests that growing up in more affluent neighborhoods improves educational attainment. But would it help adolescents to move to relatively more affluent neighborhoods, as theories of neighborhood effects anticipate? Does it depend on the magnitude of the change of context? To answer these questions, we use data from the National Educational Longitudinal Survey and the 1990 Census to estimate models using propensity score methods. We found that both upward mobility and change of context during adolescence had small effects on long-term educational attainment that varied by race, socioeconomic status, transfer status, and the social class of starting neighborhoods. Importantly, upward moves and positive changes in context reduced African-Americans’ chances of completing high school.
Development of the Psychiatric Nursing Intervention Providing Structure
Authors: Voogt L. Amar , Nugter Annet , van Achterberg Theo , Goossens Peter J. J.
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric nurses commonly refer to “providing structure” (PS) as a key intervention. But no consensus exists about what PS entails. PS can be understood as a complex intervention. In four previous studies, a definition, activities, and context variables were described that were presented to experts in a Delphi study. OBJECTIVE: To reach consensus about the definition of PS, its activities, and context variables. DESIGN: In a qualitative study, a Delphi study is used to gather the opinions of experts. The Delphi study consisted of three rounds with statements to score in each round. RESULTS: Experts reached consensus about a definition of PS, its activities, and context variables. Eleven statements related to the definition were accepted. Fourteen statements of a total of 17 statements related to the specific activities reached sufficient agreement, and 4 statements related to context variables were accepted. CONCLUSIONS: A definition could be given of PS with 4 general PS activities, 15 specific activities, and 3 context variables. Psychiatric nurses can use the information about PS to reflect on the use of PS activities within their own working environment, and these insights can help nurses develop their professional growth.
Imperial Nostalgia, Social Ghosts, and Canada’s National War Memorial
Authors: Davidson Tonya
Published: March 2016

The National War Memorial in Ottawa, Canada, occupies a central ceremonial square in the capital city. Placed in 1939 to commemorate Canada’s involvement in World War I, the monument is the featured element of the national Remembrance Day services, and it is often visited by dignitaries and bestowed wreaths. In this article, I suggest that beyond offering mere instruction in the history of Canada’s World War I involvement, the National War Memorial produces potent lessons in how to feel about being Canadian, and how to mourn as a Canadian. In particular, the National War Memorial has become a conduit for articulations of imperial nostalgia; it compels persuasive, ritual allegiance to Canada’s imperial White settler past. These affective relationships are produced with such success that other identifications—or the proposal of alternative meanings of the monument—are understood as acts of deviance.
The Israeli Paradigm of Territory
Authors: Morris-Reich Amos
Published: March 2016

Against the governing tendency of analyzing the production of space in Israel in purely political terms, the article demonstrates that the cultural dimension is critical for understanding the Israeli paradigm of territory. Extensive and intensive analysis of the key Israeli expression for concreteness and the term designating the territories occupied by Israel since 1967 (which both stem from the same root), thereby bringing together cultural, linguistic, historical, and political perspectives across several registers, reveals the Israeli paradigm of territory as a core part of a thick Israeli cultural ideology. The article concludes by pointing out how and why, under the weight of the present occupation, this paradigm is in the process of breaking up.
The substrate of increased cortical FA in MS: A 7T post-mortem MRI and histopathology study
Authors: Jonkman Laura E , Klaver Roel , Fleysher Lazar , Inglese Matilde , Geurts Jeroen JG
Published: March 2016

Background:

Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), it was previously found that demyelinated gray matter (GM) lesions have increased fractional anisotropy (FA) when compared to normal-appearing gray matter (NAGM) in multiple sclerosis (MS). The biological substrate underlying this FA change is so far unclear; both neurodegenerative changes and microglial activation have been proposed as causal contributors.

Objective:

To test the proposed hypothesis that microglia activation is responsible for increased FA in cortical GM lesions.

Methods:

We investigated post-mortem cortical DTI changes in hemispheric, coronally cut sections and investigated the underlying histopathology using immunohistochemistry.

Results:

Overall, there were few activated microglia/macrophages, and no difference between GM lesions and NAGM was observed. However, cell density was increased in GM lesions compared to NAGM (309.67 ± standard deviation (SD) 124.44 vs 249.95 ± SD 56.75, p = 0.002).

Conclusion:

FA increase was not due to lesional and non-lesional differences in microglia activation and/or proliferation. We found an increase in general cellular density without a notable difference in cellular size, that is, tissue compaction, as a possible alternative explanation.
The caregiver burden in male romantic partners of women with non-metastatic breast cancer: The protective role of couple satisfaction
Authors: Cairo Notari Sarah , Favez Nicolas , Notari Luca , Charvoz Linda , Delaloye Jean-François
Published: March 2016

We examined the evolution of the subjective burden of romantic partners caring for women with non-metastatic breast cancer and investigated the moderating role of couple satisfaction on caring stress. Forty-seven partners filled out questionnaires 3 and 12 months after surgery. Using a stress process model, we examined caring stressors and moderating factors (couple satisfaction, coping and social support) as predictors of subjective burden. Results showed that subjective burden decreases over time and that the couple satisfaction largely explains it above and beyond other influential variables. Partners dissatisfied with their couple relationship are especially vulnerable to the stress of caregiving.
Beyond medicalization: Self-injuring acts revisited
Authors: Ekman Inger
Published: March 2016

For too long, medical/psychiatric and psychological studies, with focus on emotional sensitivity, personality traits, and correlation with psychopathology, have dominated research on self-injuring acts. The phenomenon thus has been defined as a predominantly medical issue. However, a large body of community prevalence studies show self-injuring acts to be a common phenomenon in society, and most of those who self-injure are unknown in psychiatric or other clinical settings. This article describes and analyzes the medicalization of self-injuring acts and argues a need to move research on self-injuring acts out of the medical paradigm. There is a need to explicitly explore the impact of social, cultural, structural, and gendered factors surrounding and influencing self-injuring acts. A non-medical approach, beyond the limits of the medical perspective, would feed research forward and create a more nuanced view on this widespread social phenomenon.
Finite element modelling of mesoscale concrete material in dynamic splitting test
Authors: Hao Yifei , Hao Hong
Published: March 2016

Dynamic tensile strength is one of the key factors of concrete material that needs to be accurately defined in analysis of concrete structures subjected to high-rate loadings such as blast and impact. It is commonly agreed that dynamic testing results of concrete material are influenced by the inertia effect, which is very much dependent on the specimen size and loading rate. It is therefore very important to remove the inertia effect in testing data to derive the true dynamic concrete material properties. On the other hand, coarse aggregates in concrete material are usually neglected due to testing limitation or numerical simplification. It has been acknowledged that neglecting coarse aggregates might not necessarily give accurate concrete dynamic material properties. In this study, a three-dimensional mesoscale model of concrete specimen consisting of cement mortar and coarse aggregates is developed to simulate splitting tensile tests and investigate the behaviour of concrete material at high strain rate. The commercial software LS-DYNA is used to carry out the numerical simulations of dynamic splitting tensile tests. The reliability of the numerical model in simulating the dynamic splitting tensile tests is verified by comparing the numerical results with the laboratory test data from the literature. The influence of inertia effect in dynamic splitting tensile tests is investigated and removed. An empirical formula to represent the true dynamic increase factor relations obtained from dynamic splitting tensile test is proposed and verified.
A compact self-adaptive recursive least square approach for real-time structural identification with unknown inputs
Authors: Askari Mohsen , Li Jianchun , Samali Bijan
Published: March 2016

A new online tracking technique, based on recursive least square with adaptive multiple forgetting factors, is presented in this article which can estimate abrupt changes in structural parameters during excitation and also identify the unknown inputs to the structure, for example, earthquake signal. The method considers an adaptive rule for each of the forgetting factors assigned to each of the unknown parameters and thus enables simultaneous identification of different time-varying parameters of the system. The method is validated through both linear and nonlinear case studies, with different excitations and damage scenarios. The results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively identify the time-varying parameters such as damping, stiffness as well as unknown excitations with high computational efficiency, even when the measured data are contaminated with different levels of noise. However, when damage occurs while the excitation is small, the identification error remains at a small range, and therefore, covariance cannot be amplified to effectively track the changes in unknown parameters.
Filtering out the other side? Cross-cutting and like-minded discussions on social networking sites
Authors: Heatherly Kyle A , Lu Yanqin , Lee Jae Kook
Published: March 2016

Disagreement persists as to whether social networking sites (SNSs) are used more frequently to facilitate cross-cutting or like-minded discussions. We examine the relationship between the use of SNSs and involvement in discussions with politically similar and dissimilar others among a sample of US Democrats and Republicans. Affective polarization is negatively related to involvement in cross-cutting discussions, suggesting that individuals extend their dislike of the opposing political party to out-party members within their online social networks. Moreover, political discussion with one’s friends on SNSs plays a mediating role in involvement in both cross-cutting and like-minded discussions. Finally, party identification moderates the relationship between SNS use and involvement in cross-cutting discussions, indicating that Republicans participate more frequently than Democrats in cross-cutting exchanges on SNSs. In the light of these findings, we discuss the contribution of SNSs to the ideals of deliberative democracy.
Influence of intake geometry variations on in-cylinder flow and flow–spray interactions in a stratified direct-injection spark-ignition engine captured by time-resolved particle image velocimetry
Authors: Stiehl Roman , Bode Johannes , Schorr Jürgen , Krüger Christian , Dreizler Andreas , Böhm Benjamin
Published: March 2016

Time-resolved particle image velocimetry and Mie-scattering of fuel droplets at 16 kHz were used to capture simultaneously the temporal evolution of the in-cylinder flow field and spray formation within a direct-injection spark-ignition engine. The engine was operated in stratified combustion mode, with stratified mixtures created by a triple injection late in the compression stroke. The impact of geometric variation of the intake port on in-cylinder flow and flow–spray interactions was investigated, focusing on the second injection, since it provides ignitable mixtures at the time of ignition and is subject to strong fluctuations, rather than the first injection, which is very reproducible. Flow field statistics conditioned on the spray shape of the second injection revealed regions with macroscopic cycle-to-cycle flow variations, which correlated with the spray for all recorded cycles. The flow–spray interaction was traced back to before the first injection using correlation analysis, which revealed that cycle-to-cycle fluctuations of the large-scale tumble vortex had a big impact on the spray shape of the second injection, while the first injection was unaffected. This indicates that the origin of the spray fluctuations may be during intake. Despite significant flow modifications due to the intake port geometry variation, fluctuation levels of the second injection were the same for both geometries, that is, spray fluctuations were not sensitive to the geometric change.
Rising Mercury, Rising Hostility
Authors: Cohen Alexander H. , Krueger James S.
Published: March 2016

Recent social scientific research has examined connections between public opinion and weather conditions. This article contributes to this literature by analyzing the relationship between high temperature and survey response. Because hot temperatures are associated with aggression, irritation, and negativity, such conditions should lead to the expression of aggression, irritation, and negativity in survey response. This relationship is tested in a likely realm: feelings about policies relating to racial minorities. Data are drawn from the National Climatic Data Center and the 2010 Cooperative Congressional Election Study. Logistic regressions demonstrate that even after controlling for demographic and geographic factors, average daily temperatures above 74°F are associated with preferences for a stricter immigration policy as well as against permissive affirmative action policies. Acknowledging the role of this contextual variable reduces nonrandom error in estimates of public opinion on these issues.
If They Gunned Me Down and Criming While White
Authors: Jackson Roni
Published: March 2016

In recent history, several high-profile cases have brought national attention to issues of racial profiling, police brutality, and media representations of victims of color. The following article examines two: the death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, and the death of Eric Garner in Staten Island, New York. This article will examine these two cases through the lens of Citizens’ Media, focusing specifically on the ways in which two particular social media movements served to influence the nation’s discourse surrounding these two tragedies.
New Materialist Analyses of Virtual Gaming, Distributed Violence, and Relational Aggression
Authors: Søndergaard Dorte Marie
Published: March 2016

Concerns about children’s and teenager’s use of computer games and their access to films with a high level of violence, coupled with concerns about the possible transfer of aggression from media to children are widespread. However, the question is whether aggression among children and youth necessarily stems from one clear point of origin. This article uses Karen Barad’s agential realist conceptualizations of intra-active enactment of material-discursive phenomena together with Judith Butler’s poststructuralist conceptualizations to look at a study focused on this issue. Thinking with these theories and interviews with two boys aged 9 and 11 about their everyday lives in and outside of schools, I investigate where violence and aggression move in children’s everyday lives, how flows of violence and aggression intra-act, and what feeds into them. I further discuss which kinds of aggression become objects of adult concern and which remain out of focus. In these analyses, I argue that new materialist theory is especially helpful in thinking about the many intra-acting forces in the enactment of children’s and youth’s lives and that analytical attention to the intra-action of virtual aggression as part of a comprehensive apparatus of production brings complexity to the analyses and produces new, surprising, and more useful knowledge about this issue.
Development of an artificial vision system for the automatic evaluation of the cutting angles of worn tools
Authors: Campatelli Gianni , Scippa Antonio
Published: March 2016

This article presents a new method to evaluate the geometry of dull cutting tools in order to verify the necessity of tool re-sharpening and to decrease the tool grinding machine setup time, based on a laser scanning approach. The developed method consists of the definition of a system architecture and the programming of all the algorithms needed to analyze the data and provide, as output, the cutting angles of the worn tool. These angles are usually difficult to be measured and are needed to set up the grinding machine. The main challenges that have been dealt with in this application are related to the treatment of data acquired by the system’s cameras, which must be specific for the milling tools, usually characterized by the presence of undercuts and sharp edges. Starting from the architecture of the system, an industrial product has been designed, with the support of a grinding machine manufacturer. The basic idea has been to develop a low-cost system that could be integrated on a tool sharpening machine and interfaced with its numeric control. The article reports the developed algorithms and an example of application.
A comprehensive overview of hybrid construction machinery
Authors: Wang Jixin , Yang Zhiyu , Liu Shaokang , Zhang Qingyang , Han Yunwu
Published: March 2016

With the increasing attention of energy saving and emission reduction technology, the recent application of hybrid powertrain technology affects the development of construction machinery industry. This article reviews these publications and provides comprehensive references. This article reviews the state-of-art for the hybrid wheel loader and excavator, which focuses on powertrain configuration, energy storage devices, and energy management strategies. The basis of classification and characteristic of each powertrain configuration are described. Advantages and disadvantages of batteries, supercapacitors, hydraulic accumulators, and flywheel used in hybrid construction machinery are summarized. The existing energy management strategies for hybrid construction machinery are also elaborated. The technological challenges and developing trends in the near future for hybrid construction machinery are discussed.
A novel framework for diagnosing automatic tool changer and tool life based on cloud computing
Authors: Chen Shang-Liang , Su Chin-Fa , Cheng Yin-Ting
Published: March 2016

Tool change is one among the most frequently performed machining processes, and if there is improper percussion as the tool’s position is changed, the spindle bearing can be damaged. A spindle malfunction can cause problems, such as a knife being dropped or bias in a machined hole. The measures currently taken to avoid such issues, which arose from the available machine tools, only involve determining whether the clapping knife’s state is correct using a spindle and the air adhesion method, which is also used to satisfy the high precision required from mechanical components. Therefore, it cannot be used with any type of machine tool; in addition, improper tapping of the spindle during an automatic tool change cannot be detected. Therefore, this study proposes a new type of diagnostic framework that combines cloud computing and vibration sensors, among of which, tool change is automatically diagnosed using an architecture to identify abnormalities and thereby enhances the reliability and productivity of the machine and equipment.
The effect of infliximab on bone healing in osteoporotic rats
Authors: Durmuşlar M Cenk , Türer Akif , Ballı Umut , Yılmaz Zehra , Önger Mehmet Emin , Çelik H Hamdi , Vatansever Alper
Published: March 2016

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the infliximab on autogenous-mediated bone regeneration and resorption of autogenous graft in the ovariectomised rat model.

Materials and methods:

Forty rats underwent ovariectomy and 6 weeks later the animals were randomly assigned to four groups. Critical size defects were created in each rat calvarium. In the control group (C), the flap was closed without any further action. In the only infliximab group (In), the flap was closed without any further action. After the operation, intravenous infliximab was injected. In the autogenous graft group (Ag), autogenous bone was applied in to the defect. In autogenous graft + infliximab group (Ag+In), autogenous graft was placed on the defect. After the operation, intravenous infliximab was injected. The animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks. Bone formation was assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans and stereological analysis.

Results:

The mean new bone volume was the greatest in Ag+In group (1.76 ± 0.20), followed by the Ag group (1.51 ± 0.05) (statistically significant difference at P <0.05). The lowest new bone was found in the control group (1.05 ± 0.09), however no difference was observed from the In group (1.14 ± 0.08) ( P >0.05). Besides there was a statistically significant difference between the Ag+In group (1.00 ± 0.05) and Ag group (0.74 ± 0.04) in terms of the graft volume ( P <0.05).

Conclusion:

This study, despite its limitations, showed that infliximab has a beneficial effect for prevent graft resorption and bone regeneration in osteoporotic rats.
Cross-sectional area of the ulnar nerve after decompression at the cubital tunnel
Authors: Duetzmann S. , Krishnan K. G. , Staub F. , Kang J.-S. , Seifert V. , Marquardt G.
Published: March 2016

A total of 48 patients undergoing surgical decompression of the ulnar nerve at the cubital tunnel between February 2010 and May 2013 were retrospectively studied to determine changes in the cross-sectional area of the nerve by the technique of neurosonography. The mean follow-up was 46 months. Post-operative follow-up examination of the cross-sectional area of the ulnar nerve showed a slight reduction in the mean value from 13.8 mm2 (pre-operative) to 12.9 mm2 (post-operative). Of the 48 patients, 36 showed a reduction in the cross-sectional area. No correlation was detected between the clinical and sonographic outcomes. Ultrasound seems to be of limited value in the post-operative assessment of patients with entrapment neuropathy of the ulnar nerve.

Level of Evidence: IV
Risk of pneumonitis in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a meta-analysis
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Omar , Fouad Mona
Published: March 2016

Background:

A meta-analysis of the risk of pneumonitis associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients has been conducted.

Methods:

Eligible publications included randomized trials of cancer patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors, describing events of all-grade and high-grade pneumonitis.

Results:

After exclusion of noneligible citations, a total of 11 clinical trials were eligible for the meta-analysis. The odds ratio was 3.96 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.02–7.79; p < 0.0001] for all-grade pneumonitis and 2.87 (95% CI: 0.90–9.20; p = 0.08) for high-grade pneumonitis. Moreover, the odds ratio of all-grade pneumonitis with a nivolumab/ipilimumab combination versus ipilimumab monotherapy was 3.68 (95% CI: 1.59–8.50; p = 0.002) and, for high-grade pneumonitis, it was 1.86(95% CI: 0.36–9.53; p = 0.46). Subgroup analysis did not reveal a difference between lung cancer patients and other cancer patients in the risk of pneumonitis.

Conclusions:

Our analysis provided evidence that the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of all-grade pneumonitis compared with chemotherapy or placebo controls.