bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Kites” and “anchors”: The (im)mobility strategies of transnational Latin American families against the crisis in Spain
Authors: Bermudez Anastasia , Oso Laura
Published: November 2018

The impact of the recent global financial and economic crisis on migration to Spain has generated literature focusing mainly on demographic and labour impacts. Internationally, economic crises have also been linked to the increased vulnerability of migrants and return migration. However, this article reveals a more complex picture of how the crisis is producing new (im)mobilities between Latin America and Europe. It adopts a transnational family approach based on qualitative fieldwork with Colombian, Ecuadorean, and Brazilian migrants. The article offers an analysis of their (im)mobility strategies framed by the socio‐economic impact of the crisis in Spain. Strategies include various configurations of return and remigration as well as permanence in the host country, involving the whole family or some members. They are the consequence mainly of the economic situation but are also shaped by other “crises” related to migrant status and migratory projects as well as gender, intergenerational, and emotional factors.
The intensity and motion of hybrid cyclones in the Australian region in a composite potential vorticity framework
Authors: Quinting Julian F. , Reeder Michael J. , Catto Jennifer L.
Published: November 2018

Hybrid cyclones (HCs) in the Australian region typically reach their peak intensity in an amplified flow comprising upper‐tropospheric ridges upstream and downstream of the cyclone and a north–south elongated trough. Nonetheless, there is considerable case‐to‐case variability. Taking a composite viewpoint, the present study investigates how such variations in the upper‐tropospheric potential vorticity (PV) anomalies affect the subsequent intensity and motion of HCs in the Australian region. First, cyclones are grouped into four clusters with structurally similar environments through a k‐means clustering of the 315 K PV anomaly. The clusters reveal that HCs can be associated with a north–south elongated trough (Cluster 1), a PV cut‐off (Cluster 2), and cyclonically breaking troughs (Clusters 3 and 4). Second, the effect of these features on the intensity and tracks is quantified using piecewise PV inversion. The maximum intensity of cyclones in Cluster 1 is largely determined by their upper‐tropospheric cyclonic PV anomaly. Conversely, diabatically generated lower‐tropospheric PV anomalies dominate the intensity of cyclones in Clusters 3 and 4. In these two clusters, the cyclonically breaking trough and a downstream ridge induce an anomalous northeasterly low‐level flow across the cyclone centre. The downstream ridge is most pronounced in Cluster 4, leading to the greatest poleward cyclone displacement compared to the other clusters. In Clusters 1 and 2, the upper‐level PV anomaly primarily slows the eastward motion of the cyclones. In agreement with recent idealized studies, the analysis suggests that the effect of upper‐tropospheric PV anomalies on the poleward motion of HCs is analogous to the beta‐gyres that influence the motion of tropical cyclones.
Improving Drug Delivery of Micellar Paclitaxel against Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer by Coloading Itraconazole as a Micelle Stabilizer and a Tumor Vascular Manipulator
Authors: Zhang Ling , Liu Zhengsheng , Kong Chao , Liu Chun , Yang Kuan , Chen Huijun , Huang Jinfeng , Qian Feng
Published: November 2018

Although polymeric micelles of paclitaxel (PTX) significantly reduce excipient‐induced toxicity compared with Taxol, they exhibit few clinical advantages in tumor inhibition and overall survival. To improve, itraconazole (ITA), an antifungal drug with potent anti‐angiogenesis activity, is co‐encapsulated together with PTX within the PEG‐PLA micelles. The strong intermolecular interactions between the payloads inhibit drug crystallization and prevent drugs from binding with external proteins, render super‐stable micelles upon dilution and exposure to biological environment, and enter the tumor cells through endocytosis. The co‐encapsulated micelles show strong anti‐proliferation potency against non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and even PTX resistant NSCLC cells in vitro and significantly improve the drug accumulation within the tumor in vivo. Compared with PTX monotherapy or combination therapy using individual PTX and ITA micelles, the co‐encapsulated micelle demonstrates strikingly superior efficacy in tumor growth inhibition, recurrence prevention, and reversion of PTX resistance, in Kras mutant patient derived xenografts, orthotropic models, and paclitaxel‐resistance subcutaneous models. Besides the pharmacokinetic improvement, therapeutic benefits are also contributed by angiogenesis inhibition and blood vessel normalization by ITA. Utilizing the pharmaceutical and pharmacological synergies between the therapeutic agents, a simple yet effective design of a combination cancer nanomedicine that is industrially scalable and clinically translatable is achieved.
Cuckoo’s eggs in neutron stars: can LIGO hear chirps from the dark sector?
Authors: Kopp Joachim , Laha Ranjan , Opferkuch Toby , Shepherd William
Published: November 2018

Abstract

We explore in detail the possibility that gravitational wave signals from binary inspirals are affected by a new force that couples only to dark matter particles. We discuss the impact of both the new force acting between the binary partners as well as radiation of the force carrier. We identify numerous constraints on any such scenario, ultimately concluding that observable effects on the dynamics of binary inspirals due to such a force are not possible if the dark matter is accrued during ordinary stellar evolution. Constraints arise from the requirement that the astronomical body be able to collect and bind at small enough radius an adequate number of dark matter particles, from the requirement that the particles thus collected remain bound to neutron stars in the presence of another neutron star, and from the requirement that the theory allows old neutron stars to exist and retain their charge. Thus, we show that any deviation from the predictions of general relativity observed in binary inspirals must be due either to the material properties of the inspiraling objects themselves, such as a tidal deformability, to a true fifth force coupled to baryons, or to a non-standard production mechanism for the dark matter cores of neutron stars. Viable scenarios of the latter type include production of dark matter in exotic neutron decays, or the formation of compact dark matter objects in the early Universe that later seed star formation or are captured by stars.
Correction: The Role of Anticoagulation in Treating Portal Hypertension
Authors: Turco Laura , Schepis Filippo , Villa Erica
Published: November 2018

The article The Role of Anticoagulation in Treating Portal Hypertension, written by Laura Turco, Filippo Schepis and Erica Villa, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 18 June 2018 without open access.
Existence of local strong solutions to fluid–beam and fluid–rod interaction systems
Authors: Hillairet Matthieu , Lequeurre Julien , Grandmont Céline
Published: November 2018

We study an unsteady nonlinear fluid–structure interaction problem. We consider a Newtonian incompressible two-dimensional flow described by the Navier–Stokes equations set in an unknown domain depending on the displacement of a structure, which itself satisfies a linear wave equation or a linear beam equation. The fluid and the structure systems are coupled
via
interface conditions prescribing the continuity of the velocities at the fluid–structure interface and the action-reaction principle. Considering three different structure models, we prove existence of a unique local-in-time strong solution, for which there is no gap between the regularity of the initial data and the regularity of the solution enabling to obtain a blow up alternative. In the case of a damped beam this is an alternative proof (and a generalization to non zero initial displacement) of the result that can be found in [20]. In the case of the wave equation or a beam equation with inertia of rotation, this is, to our knowledge the first result of existence of strong solutions for which no viscosity is added. The key points consist in studying the coupled system without decoupling the fluid from the structure and to use the fluid dissipation to control, in appropriate function spaces, the structure velocity.
Late Pleistostene–Holocene sedimentation in lakes of central Transbaikalia: implications for climate and environment changes
Authors: Solotchina E.P. , Bezrukova E.V. , Solotchin P.A. , Shtok O. , Zhdanova A.N.
Published: November 2018

We present integrated mineralogical, geochemical, and palynological data for Late Pleistocene–Holocene bottom sediments of Lake Arakhlei located in the Beklemishev tectonic basin in the southern Vitim Plateau (central Transbaikalia). The sediment samples were studied by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, laser particle sizing, spore–pollen analysis, radiocarbon (14C AMS) dating, and XRF spectrometry. The cored 128 cm long section of lake sediments consists of two units: One is composed mainly of layered silicates (illite–smectite, illite, chlorite, chlorite–smectite, muscovite, and kaolinite) and organic matter (OM) but no carbonates from 0 to 80 cm and the other contains authigenic Ca–Mg carbonates (up to 30%) of Mg-calcite and excess-Ca dolomite from 80 to 128 cm. The sediments also contain a rare mineral weddellite CaC2O4⋅2H2O discovered for the first time in Transbaikalian lakes. The evolution of Lake Arakhlei and its drainage basin comprised four stages, with pollen zones that mark the Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate history of the Beklemishev basin. The reconstructed history of Lake Arakhlei for the past ~ 15,500 years followed general climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Thus, integrated research, including detailed analysis of mineral components and spore–pollen assemblages in lake sediments, is a workable tool for studying climatic controls of continental sedimentation.
Dunites of the Inagli massif (Central Aldan), cumulates of lamproitic magma
Authors: Chaika I.F. , Izokh A.E.
Published: November 2018

We consider a hypothesis for the origin of PGE-bearing ultramafic rocks of the Inagli massif (Central Aldan) through fractional crystallization from ultrabasic high-potassium magma. We studied dunites and wehrlites of the Inagli massif and olivine lamproites of the Ryabinovy massif, which is also included into the Central Aldan high-potassium magmatic area. The research is focused on the chemistry of Cr-spinels and the phase composition of Cr-spinel-hosted crystallized melt inclusions and their daughter phases. Mainly two methods were used: SEM-EDS (Tescan Mira-3), to establish different phases and their relationships, and EPMA, to obtain precise chemical data on small (2–100 μm) phases. The obtained results show similarity in chromite composition and its evolutionary trends for the Inagli massif ultramafites and Ryabinovy massif lamproites. The same has been established for phlogopite and diopside from crystallized melt inclusions from the rocks of both objects. Based on the results of the study, the conclusion is drawn that the ultramafic core of the Inagli massif resulted from fractional crystallization of high-potassium melt with corresponding in composition to low-titanium lamproite. This conclusion is consistent with the previous hypotheses suggesting an ultrabasic high-potassium composition of primary melt for the Inagli ultramafites.
Extremes of nonstationary Gaussian fluid queues
Authors: Dȩbicki Krzysztof , Liu Peng
Published: November 2018

We investigate the asymptotic properties of the transient queue length processQ(t)=max(Q(0)+X(t)-ct, sup0≤s≤t(X(t)-X(s)-c(t-s))),t≥0, in the Gaussian fluid queueing model, where the input processXis modeled by a centered Gaussian process with stationary increments andc>0 is the output rate. More specifically, under some mild conditions onXandQ(0)=x≥0, we derive the exact asymptotics of πx,Tu(u)=ℙ(Q(Tu)>u) asu→∞. The interplay betweenuandTuleads to two qualitatively different regimes: short-time horizon whenTuis relatively small with respect tou, and moderate- or long-time horizon whenTuis asymptotically much larger thanu. As a by-product, we discuss the implications for the speed of convergence to stationarity of the model studied.
Clustering in Euler–Euler and Euler–Lagrange simulations of unbounded homogeneous particle-laden shear
Authors: Kasbaoui M. Houssem , Koch Donald L. , Desjardins Olivier
Published: November 2018

Particle-laden flows of sedimenting solid particles or droplets in a carrier gas have strong inter-phase coupling. Even at low particle volume fractions, the two-way coupling can be significant due to the large particle to gas density ratio. In this semi-dilute regime, the slip velocity between phases leads to sustained clustering that strongly modulates the overall flow. The analysis of perturbations in homogeneous shear reveals the process by which clusters form: (i) the preferential concentration of inertial particles in the stretching regions of the flow leads to the formation of highly concentrated particle sheets, (ii) the thickness of the latter is controlled by particle-trajectory crossing, which causes a local dispersion of particles, (iii) a transverse Rayleigh–Taylor instability, aided by the shear-induced rotation of the particle sheets towards the gravity normal direction, breaks the planar structure into smaller clusters. Simulations in the Euler–Lagrange formalism are compared to Euler–Euler simulations with the two-fluid and anisotropic-Gaussian methods. It is found that the two-fluid method is unable to capture the particle dispersion due to particle-trajectory crossing and leads instead to the formation of discontinuities. These are removed with the anisotropic-Gaussian method which derives from a kinetic approach with particle-trajectory crossing in mind.
Vortex formation on surging aerofoils with application to reverse flow modelling
Authors: Kirk Philip B. , Jones Anya R.
Published: November 2018

The leading-edge vortex (LEV) is a powerful unsteady flow structure that can result in significant unsteady loads on lifting blades and wings. Using force, surface pressure and flow field measurements, this work represents an experimental campaign to characterize LEV behaviour in sinusoidally surging flows with widely varying amplitudes and frequencies. Additional tests were conducted in reverse flow surge, with kinematics similar to the tangential velocity profile seen by a blade element in recent high-advance-ratio rotor experiments. General results demonstrate the variability of LEV convection properties with reduced frequency, which greatly affected the average lift-to-drag ratio in a cycle. Analysis of surface pressure measurements suggests that LEV convection speed is a function only of the local instantaneous flow velocity. In the rotor-comparison tests, LEVs formed in reverse flow surge were found to convect more quickly than the corresponding reverse flow LEVs that form on a high-advance-ratio rotor, demonstrating that rotary motion has a stabilizing effect on LEVs. The reverse flow surging LEVs were also found to be of comparable strength to those observed on the high-advance-ratio rotor, leading to the conclusion that a surging-wing simplification might provide a suitable basis for low-order models of much more complex three-dimensional flows.
Nonlinear dispersion for ocean surface waves
Authors: Stuhlmeier Raphael , Stiassnie Michael
Published: November 2018

Two expressions for the nonlinear dispersion relation for gravity waves on water of constant depth are derived, one for wave fields with discrete amplitude spectra, the other for wave fields with continuous wavenumber energy spectra. Numerical examples for wave quartets and for two-dimensional Pierson–Moskowitz spectra are given, and an important possible application is discussed.
Numerical simulation of electrospraying in the cone-jet mode
Authors: Gamero-Castaño M. , Magnani M.
Published: November 2018

This article solves numerically the equations of the leaky-dielectric model applied to cone jets. The solution is a function of the properties of the fluid and its flow rate, universal in that it does not depend on the geometry and potential of the electrodes. This is made possible by the use of the potential field generated by a semi-infinite Taylor cone as a far-field boundary condition. The numerical solution yields the current emitted by the electrospray, which compares well with experimental data, and detailed information about the velocity, surface charge, electric field and the position of the free surface. These characteristics are generally inaccessible through experiments, and are needed to understand the relative importance of competing processes and the dominant physics. The simulations investigate the liquids tributyl phosphate and propylene carbonate (dielectric constants of 8.91 and 64.9 respectively), in a wide range of electrical conductivities and flow rates. The simulations show that the position of the surface, expressed in units of the characteristic length $r_{c}$, is largely invariant regardless of the physical properties and flow rates of the liquids. The surface charge falls below its equilibrium value along the transition from cone to jet, with a deficit that increases with the ratio between the electrical relaxation and flow residence times. Several characteristics of the cone jet are functions of the dielectric constant, which is consistent with the importance of charge relaxation effects (i.e. with the absence of surface charge equilibrium). The electric energy transferred to the transition region is largely transformed into viscous and ohmic dissipation, and conversion into kinetic energy only dominates once most of the current is fixed on the surface.
Dynamic slip wall model for large-eddy simulation
Authors: Bae Hyunji Jane , Lozano-Durán Adrián , Bose Sanjeeb T. , Moin Parviz
Published: November 2018

Wall modelling in large-eddy simulation (LES) is necessary to overcome the prohibitive near-wall resolution requirements in high-Reynolds-number turbulent flows. Most existing wall models rely on assumptions about the state of the boundary layer and require a priori prescription of tunable coefficients. They also impose the predicted wall stress by replacing the no-slip boundary condition at the wall with a Neumann boundary condition in the wall-parallel directions while maintaining the no-transpiration condition in the wall-normal direction. In the present study, we first motivate and analyse the Robin (slip) boundary condition with transpiration (non-zero wall-normal velocity) in the context of wall-modelled LES. The effect of the slip boundary condition on the one-point statistics of the flow is investigated in LES of turbulent channel flow and a flat-plate turbulent boundary layer. It is shown that the slip condition provides a framework to compensate for the deficit or excess of mean momentum at the wall. Moreover, the resulting non-zero stress at the wall alleviates the well-known problem of the wall-stress under-estimation by current subgrid-scale (SGS) models (Jiménez & Moser, AIAA J., vol. 38 (4), 2000, pp. 605–612). Second, we discuss the requirements for the slip condition to be used in conjunction with wall models and derive the equation that connects the slip boundary condition with the stress at the wall. Finally, a dynamic procedure for the slip coefficients is formulated, providing a dynamic slip wall model free of a priori specified coefficients. The performance of the proposed dynamic wall model is tested in a series of LES of turbulent channel flow at varying Reynolds numbers, non-equilibrium three-dimensional transient channel flow and a zero-pressure-gradient flat-plate turbulent boundary layer. The results show that the dynamic wall model is able to accurately predict one-point turbulence statistics for various flow configurations, Reynolds numbers and grid resolutions.
Multi-type branching processes with time-dependent branching rates
Authors: Dolgopyat D. , Hebbar P. , Koralov L. , Perlman M.
Published: November 2018

Under mild nondegeneracy assumptions on branching rates in each generation, we provide a criterion for almost sure extinction of a multi-type branching process with time-dependent branching rates. We also provide a criterion for the total number of particles (conditioned on survival and divided by the expectation of the resulting random variable) to approach an exponential random variable as time goes to ∞.
Relaxation of monotone coupling conditions: Poisson approximation and beyond
Authors: Daly Fraser , Johnson Oliver
Published: November 2018

It is well known that assumptions of monotonicity in size-bias couplings may be used to prove simple, yet powerful, Poisson approximation results. Here we show how these assumptions may be relaxed, establishing explicit Poisson approximation bounds (depending on the first two moments only) for random variables which satisfy an approximate version of these monotonicity conditions. These are shown to be effective for models where an underlying random variable of interest is contaminated with noise. We also state explicit Poisson approximation bounds for sums of associated or negatively associated random variables. Applications are given to epidemic models, extremes, and random sampling. Finally, we also show how similar techniques may be used to relax the assumptions needed in a Poincaré inequality and in a normal approximation result.
Optimal consumption of multiple goods in incomplete markets
Authors: Mostovyi Oleksii
Published: November 2018

We consider the problem of optimal consumption of multiple goods in incomplete semimartingale markets. We formulate the dual problem and identify conditions that allow for the existence and uniqueness of the solution, and provide a characterization of the optimal consumption strategy in terms of the dual optimizer. We illustrate our results with examples in both complete and incomplete models. In particular, we construct closed-form solutions in some incomplete models.
THE RISE OF THE AMBASSADRESS: ENGLISH AMBASSADORIAL WIVES AND EARLY MODERN DIPLOMATIC CULTURE
Authors: ALLEN GEMMA
Published: November 2018

This article reveals how the ambassadress became an important part of early modern diplomatic culture, from the invention of the role in the early sixteenth century. As resident embassies became common across the early modern period, wives increasingly accompanied these diplomatic postings. Such a development has, however, received almost no scholarly attention to date, despite recent intense engagement with the social and cultural dimensions of early modern diplomacy. By considering the activities of English ambassadresses from the 1530s to 1700, accompanying embassies both inside and outside of Europe, it is possible not only to integrate them into narratives of diplomacy, but also to place their activities within broader global and political histories of the period. The presence of the ambassadress changed early modern diplomatic culture, through the creation of gendered diplomatic courtesies, gendered gift-giving practices, and gendered intelligence-gathering networks. Through female sociability networks at their host court, ambassadresses were able to access diplomatic intelligence otherwise restricted from their husbands. This was never more true than for those ambassadresses who held bonds of friendship with politically influential women at their host or home court, allowing them to influence political decision-making central to the success of the diplomatic mission.
The Role of Irrigation in the Development of Agriculture in the United States
Authors: Edwards Eric C. , Smith Steven M.
Published: November 2018

We examine the role of irrigation in explaining U.S. agricultural gains post-1940. Specifically, we analyze how productivity and farm values changed in the western United States as a result of technological and policy changes that expanded access to ground and surface water. To statistically identify the effects, we compare counties based on their potential access to irrigation water defined by physical characteristics. We find areas with access to large streams and/or groundwater increase crop production relative to areas with only small streams by $19 billion annually, equivalent to 90 percent of the total annual increase in the western United States after 1940.
Linear electrostatic gyrokinetics for electron–positron plasmas
Authors: Kennedy D. , Mishchenko A. , Xanthopoulos P. , Helander P.
Published: November 2018

Gyrokinetic stability of plasmas in different magnetic geometries is studied numerically using the GENE code. We examine the stability of plasmas, varying the mass ratio between the positive and negative charge carriers, from conventional hydrogen plasmas through to electron–positron plasmas. Stability is studied for prescribed temperature and density gradients in different magnetic geometries: (i) An axisymmetric, circular flux surface, low$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$(tokamak) configuration. (ii) A non-axisymmetric quasi-isodynamic (optimised stellarator) configuration using the geometry of the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X. We also present the analytic theory of trapped particle modes in electron–positron plasmas. We found similar behaviour of the growth rate and real frequency compared to previous studies on the tokamak case. We are able to identify two distinct regimes dominated by modes propagating in the electron diamagnetic direction and modes propagating in the ion/positron diamagnetic direction, depending on the mass ratio. In both the tokamak and the stellarator case we observe that the real frequency tends to zero as the mass ratio approaches unity and are able to explain this using gyrokinetic theory.
Professional collaboration in the Wider Opportunities instrumental programme
Authors: Johnstone Ann Barbara
Published: November 2018

This paper presents the results of a study (Johnstone, 2016) which investigated the nature of professional collaboration between the visiting instrumental teacher and the primary school class teacher in the Wider Opportunities instrumental programme. The potential for exchanging knowledge appears to be significant when the visiting instrumental teacher is regarded as an expert in music and the class teacher as an expert in pedagogy. The analysis was influenced by underpinning theoretical perspectives based on professional collaboration (Whittington, 2003b; Hartas, 2004; Evans, 2011) and showed impoverished collaboration, even though some teachers wished for closer involvement. The unique nature of the study and its findings highlighted critical issues related to the necessity for discussions and sharing expertise between teachers, and the need for clearer communication between the local music education hub and the schools.
WHICH DATABASES SHOULD BE USED TO IDENTIFY STUDIES FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS OF ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS?
Authors: Arber Mick , Glanville Julie , Isojarvi Jaana , Baragula Erin , Edwards Mary , Shaw Alison , Wood Hannah
Published: November 2018

Objectives:

This study investigated which databases and which combinations of databases should be used to identify economic evaluations (EEs) to inform systematic reviews. It also investigated the characteristics of studies not identified in database searches and evaluated the success of MEDLINE search strategies used within typical reviews in retrieving EEs in MEDLINE.

Methods:

A quasi-gold standard (QGS) set of EEs was collected from reviews of EEs. The number of QGS records found in nine databases was calculated and the most efficient combination of databases was determined. The number and characteristics of QGS records not retrieved from the databases were collected. Reproducible MEDLINE strategies from the reviews were rerun to calculate the sensitivity and precision for each strategy in finding QGS records.

Results:

The QGS comprised 351 records. Across all databases, 337/351 (96 percent) QGS records were identified. Embase yielded the most records (314; 89 percent). Four databases were needed to retrieve all 337 references: Embase + Health Technology Assessment database + (MEDLINE or PubMed) + Scopus. Four percent (14/351) of records could not be found in any database. Twenty-nine of forty-one (71 percent) reviews reported a reproducible MEDLINE strategy. Ten of twenty-nine (34.5 percent) of the strategies missed at least one QGS record in MEDLINE. Across all twenty-nine MEDLINE searches, 25/143 records were missed (17.5 percent). Mean sensitivity was 89 percent and mean precision was 1.6 percent.

Conclusions:

Searching beyond key databases for published EEs may be inefficient, providing the search strategies in those key databases are adequately sensitive. Additional search approaches should be used to identify unpublished evidence (grey literature).
Der Global-Index der Conners-Skalen
Authors: Otto Christiane , Barkmann Claus , Döpfner Manfred , Petermann Franz , Schlack Robert , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike , Klasen Fionna
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung. Aufmerksamkeitsdefizits- / Hyperaktivitätsstörungen (ADHS) treten in der Kindheit und Jugend häufig auf und ziehen oftmals psychische Probleme im Erwachsenenalter nach sich. Der Global-Index der etablierten Conners-Skalen dient als Screening-Instrument für eine ADHS und weitere psychische Auffälligkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in der klinischen Routine sowie in Forschungsstudien. Die vorliegende Untersuchung präsentiert die psychometrische Analyse einer deutschen Eltern- und Selbstberichtsversion des Global-Index sowie Normwerte basierend auf Daten von N = 967 13- bis 17-Jährigen aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Die Resultate zeigen für den Eltern- und den Selbstbericht des Global-Index sowie für die zugehörige Subskala Rastlos-Impulsiv jeweils neben einer guten internen Konsistenz Hinweise auf eine ausreichende bis gute konvergente Validität, aber die entsprechenden Kennwerte für die Subskala Emotional-Labil waren nicht ausreichend. Für beide Urteilerperspektiven wurden Stärken, aber auch strukturelle Schwächen entdeckt, die in weiteren Studien untersucht werden sollten. Die Subskala Emotional-Labil sollte mit Vorsicht verwendet werden. Die Befunde sollten nicht auf Kinder und Jugendliche außerhalb des untersuchten Altersbereichs übertragen werden.
Measuring Community Resilience to Natural Hazards: The Natural Hazard Resilience Screening Index (NaHRSI)—Development and Application to the United States
Authors: Summers J. Kevin , Harwell Linda C. , Smith Lisa M. , Buck Kyle D.
Published: November 2018

Natural disasters often impose significant and long‐lasting stress on financial, social, and ecological systems. From Atlantic hurricanes to Midwest tornadoes to Western wildfires, no corner of the United States is immune from the threat of a devastating natural hazard event. Across the nation, there is a recognition that the benefits of creating environments resilient to adverse natural hazard events help promote and sustain county and community success over time. The challenge for communities is in finding ways to balance the need to preserve the socioecological systems on which they depend in the face of constantly changing natural hazard threats. The Natural Hazard Resilience Screening Index (NaHRSI; previously entitled Climate Resilience Screening Index) has been developed as an endpoint for characterizing county resilience outcomes that are based on risk profiles and responsive to changes in governance, societal, built, and natural system characteristics. The NaHRSI framework serves as a conceptual roadmap showing how natural hazard events impact resilience after factoring in county characteristics. By evaluating the factors that influence vulnerability and recoverability, an estimation of resilience can quantify how changes in these characteristics will impact resilience given specific hazard profiles. Ultimately, this knowledge will help communities identify potential areas to target for increasing resilience to natural hazard events.
Sea Level Interannual Variability Along the West Coast of India
Authors: Suresh I. , Vialard J. , Lengaigne M. , Izumo T. , Parvathi V. , Muraleedharan P. M.
Published: November 2018

Interannual sea level anomalies (SLA), and the related thermocline variations, along the west coast of India (WCI) strongly impact the ecosystems, fisheries, and potentially the monsoon rainfall. Here we investigate the mechanisms driving the WCI interannual SLA using a linear continuously stratified ocean model, which realistically simulates the leading northern Indian Ocean SLA mode associated with the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). During, for example, positive IOD events, easterly wind anomalies near Sri Lanka in late summer and fall force downwelling coastal Kelvin waves, which induce positive WCI SLA within days. Meanwhile, equatorial easterlies force upwelling Kelvin waves that travel to WCI through the Bay of Bengal coastal waveguide. Part of this opposite signal also transits slowly through the Bay of Bengal interior as Rossby waves, eventually yielding negative SLA along the WCI in winter. The WCI SLA thus shifts from positive in fall to negative in winter during positive IOD events.
Hemispheric Asymmetry of the Vertical Ion Drifts at Dawn Observed by DMSP
Authors: Liu Mohan , Zhang Xiao‐Xin , He Fei , Wang Wenbin
Published: November 2018

Based on the measurements from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F12, F13, and F15 satellites in 1995–2014, we report significant hemispheric asymmetries in vertical ion drift velocity (Vz) at dawn (0500–0700 solar local time) in geomagnetic and geographic coordinates. Vz is distributed in 0300–0900 magnetic local time sector in both the northern (NH) and southern (SH) hemispheres. The north‐south asymmetries are persistent no matter under what kind of seasonal, solar activity, and IMF conditions. In the polar cap, downward Vz is stronger in the SH. Such difference shows clear IMF BY dependence and is more significant in the local winter and/or under low solar activity conditions. In the geomagnetic coordinates, the auroral zone is dominated by upward Vz in the NH but by downward Vz in the SH statistically. In the geographic coordinates, the geographic longitudinal variation of Vz is more pronounced in the SH. The seasonal variations of high‐latitude Vz are different in the NH and SH. The average asymmetric feature of Vz largely depends on the occurrence and magnitude of ion upflow/outflow, which are modulated by the combined effects of the asymmetric magnetic field configuration between the two hemispheres, and the dynamic processes in the tightly coupled ionosphere‐thermosphere system, and their (probably nonlinear) interactions with each other.
Linking bacterial community composition to soil salinity along environmental gradients
Authors: Rath Kristin M , Fierer Noah , Murphy Daniel V , Rousk Johannes
Published: November 2018

Salinization is recognized as a threat to soil fertility worldwide. A challenge in understanding the effects of salinity on soil microbial communities is the fact that it can be difficult to disentangle the effects of salinity from those of other variables that may co-vary with salinity. Here we use a trait-based approach to identify direct effects of salinity on soil bacterial communities across two salinity gradients. Through dose–response relationships between salinity and bacterial growth, we quantified distributions of the trait salt tolerance within the communities. Community salt tolerance was closely correlated with soil salinity, indicating a strong filtering effect of salinity on the bacterial communities. Accompanying the increases in salt tolerance were consistent shifts in bacterial community composition. We identified specific bacterial taxa that increased in relative abundances with community salt tolerance, which could be used as bioindicators for high community salt tolerance. A strong filtering effect was also observed for pH across the gradients, with pH tolerance of bacterial communities correlated to soil pH. We propose phenotypic trait distributions aggregated at the community level as a useful approach to study the role of environmental factors as filters of microbial community composition.
Longitudinal single-cell RNA sequencing of patient-derived primary cells reveals drug-induced infidelity in stem cell hierarchy
Authors: Sharma Ankur , Cao Elaine Yiqun , Kumar Vibhor , Zhang Xiaoqian , Leong Hui Sun , Wong Angeline Mei Lin , Ramakrishnan Neeraja , Hakimullah Muhammad , Teo Hui Min Vivian , Chong Fui Teen , Chia Shumei , Thangavelu Matan Thangavelu , Kwang Xue Lin , Gupta Ruta , Clark Jonathan R. , Periyasamy Giridharan , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , DasGupta Ramanuj
Published: November 2018

Chemo-resistance is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths. Here we used single-cell transcriptomics to investigate divergent modes of chemo-resistance in tumor cells. We observed that higher degree of phenotypic intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) favors selection of pre-existing drug-resistant cells, whereas phenotypically homogeneous cells engage covert epigenetic mechanisms to trans-differentiate under drug-selection. This adaptation was driven by selection-induced gain of H3K27ac marks on bivalently poised resistance-associated chromatin, and therefore not expressed in the treatment-naïve setting. Mechanistic interrogation of this phenomenon revealed that drug-induced adaptation was acquired upon the loss of stem factor SOX2, and a concomitant gain of SOX9. Strikingly we observed an enrichment of SOX9 at drug-induced H3K27ac sites, suggesting that tumor evolution could be driven by stem cell-switch-mediated epigenetic plasticity. Importantly, JQ1 mediated inhibition of BRD4 could reverse drug-induced adaptation. These results provide mechanistic insights into the modes of therapy-induced cellular plasticity and underscore the use of epigenetic inhibitors in targeting tumor evolution.
Vortex rectenna powered by environmental fluctuations
Authors: Lustikova J. , Shiomi Y. , Yokoi N. , Kabeya N. , Kimura N. , Ienaga K. , Kaneko S. , Okuma S. , Takahashi S. , Saitoh E.
Published: November 2018

A rectenna, standing for a rectifying antenna, is an apparatus which generates d.c. electricity from electric fluctuations. It is expected to realize wireless power transmission as well as energy harvesting from environmental radio waves. To realize such rectification, devices that are made up of internal atomic asymmetry such as an asymmetric junction have been necessary so far. Here we report a material that spontaneously generates electricity by rectifying environmental fluctuations without using atomic asymmetry. The sample is a common superconductor without lowered crystalline symmetry, but, just by putting it in an asymmetric magnetic environment, it turns into a rectifier and starts generating electricity. Superconducting vortex strings only annihilate and nucleate at surfaces, and this allows the bulk electrons to feel surface fluctuations in an asymmetric environment: a vortex rectenna. The rectification and generation can be switched on and off with only a slight change in temperature or external magnetic fields.
A robust zirconium amino acid metal-organic framework for proton conduction
Authors: Wang Sujing , Wahiduzzaman Mohammad , Davis Louisa , Tissot Antoine , Shepard William , Marrot Jérôme , Martineau-Corcos Charlotte , Hamdane Djemel , Maurin Guillaume , Devautour-Vinot Sabine , Serre Christian
Published: November 2018

Proton conductive materials are of significant importance and highly desired for clean energy-related applications. Discovery of practical metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with high proton conduction remains a challenge due to the use of toxic chemicals, inconvenient ligand preparation and complication of production at scale for the state-of-the-art candidates. Herein, we report a zirconium-MOF, MIP-202(Zr), constructed from natural α-amino acid showing a high and steady proton conductivity of 0.011 S cm−1 at 363 K and under 95% relative humidity. This MOF features a cost-effective, green and scalable preparation with a very high space-time yield above 7000 kg m−3 day−1. It exhibits a good chemical stability under various conditions, including solutions of wide pH range and boiling water. Finally, a comprehensive molecular simulation was carried out to shed light on the proton conduction mechanism. All together these features make MIP-202(Zr) one of the most promising candidates to approach the commercial benchmark Nafion.
Publisher Correction: Engineering bacterial vortex lattice via direct laser lithography
Authors: Nishiguchi Daiki , Aranson Igor S. , Snezhko Alexey , Sokolov Andrey
Published: November 2018

The original version of this Article contained errors in Fig. 2. In Fig. 2d, the label below the blue circle incorrectly read “Si,a(t) < 0” and should have read “Si,a(t) > 0”. Furthermore, the sequence of labels on the side of the bottom three figures panels in Fig. 2d from top to bottom incorrectly read “S9,70 > 0, S9,70 > 0, S9,70 < 0”, and should have read “S9,70 < 0, S9,70 > 0, S9,70 < 0”. Finally, in the legend to Fig. 2, the scale bar size description “Scale bar: 100μm” was incorrectly placed in the description of panel c, and should have been placed in the description of panel d. These errors have been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Author Correction: Substantiating freedom from parasitic infection by combining transmission model predictions with disease surveys
Authors: Michael Edwin , Smith Morgan E. , Katabarwa Moses N. , Byamukama Edson , Griswold Emily , Habomugisha Peace , Lakwo Thomson , Tukahebwa Edridah , Miri Emmanuel S. , Eigege Abel , Ngige Evelyn , Unnasch Thomas R. , Richards Frank O.
Published: November 2018

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of Emily Griswold, which was incorrectly given as Emily Grisworld. This error has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Publisher Correction: Quantum spin fluctuations and evolution of electronic structure in cuprates
Authors: Stepanov Evgeny A. , Peters Lars , Krivenko Igor S. , Lichtenstein Alexander I. , Katsnelson Mikhail I. , Rubtsov Alexey N.
Published: November 2018

During the typesetting process of the original version of this Article the nomenclature for the nodal and anti-nodal points was incorrectly given. This has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the Article.
Evaluation of optic nerve head blood flow in response to increase of intraocular pressure
Authors: Iwase Takeshi , Akahori Tomohiko , Yamamoto Kentaro , Ra Eimei , Terasaki Hiroko
Published: November 2018

The time course of the changes in the optic nerve head (ONH) blood flow in response to changes in the ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) induced by an artificial elevation of the intraocular pressure (IOP) has not been determined. We measured the blood flow, represented by the mean blur rate (MBR), on the ONH determined by laser speckle flowgraphy. The MBR was determined before, during, and after the IOP was elevated by 20 or 30 mmHg by pressure applied on the eye by an ophthalmodynamometer in a total of 27 healthy eyes. For an IOP elevation of 20 mmHg, the percentage reduction in the MBR-vessel was −24.7%, and in the MBR-tissue was −16.0% (P < 0.001). For an IOP elevation of 30 mmHg, the percentage reduction of the MBR-vessel was −35.3% and the MBR-tissue was −24.7% (P < 0.001). During the 30 mmHg IOP elevation for 10 minutes, both the MBR-vessel and MBR-tissue began returning to the baseline level from 1 minute after the beginning of the IOP elevation (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively) and continued returning during the 10 minutes IOP elevation (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, respectively). We conclude that the ONH can autoregulate its blood flow in response to experimental changes in OPP induced by IOP elevations.
Bacterial detection and identification from human synovial fluids on an integrated microfluidic system
Authors: Liu Ting-Hang , Cheng Shu-Shen , You Huey-Ling , Lee Mel S. , Lee Gwo-Bin
Published: November 2018

An integrated microfluidic system was developed for detecting and identifying four bacteria in human joint fluid with the limit of detection as low as 100 colony forming units (CFUs) per milliliter (or 20 CFUs per reaction).
Zinc clasp-based reversible toolset for selective metal-mediated protein heterodimerization
Authors: Kocyła Anna , Krężel Artur
Published: November 2018

Zinc clasp motif derived from natural Zn(ii)-mediated interaction of CD4 co-receptor and Lck protein tyrosine kinase was used for specific and efficient protein heterodimerization. Optimized set of peptide tags forms highly stable complex in the selective heterodimer framework. Utility of obtained toolset demonstrates high specificity, Zn(ii)-dependent reversibility and remarkable kinetic properties.
Membrane-mediated transport in a non-equilibrium hybrid protocell based on coacervate droplets and a surfactant
Authors: Chang Haojing , Jing Hairong , Yin Yudan , Zhang Qiufen , Liang Dehai
Published: November 2018

Each molecule follows a specific pathway to be internalized and generates different distributions in a protocell under non-equilibrium conditions.
Bioorthogonal release of sulfonamides and mutually orthogonal liberation of two drugs
Authors: Shao Zhuzhou , Liu Wei , Tao Huimin , Liu Fang , Zeng Ruxin , Champagne Pier Alexandre , Cao Yang , Houk K. N. , Liang Yong
Published: November 2018

Mutually orthogonal click-release pairs—sydnonimine–DIBAC and tetrazine–ABNBD, realize the release of sulfonamide and primary amine drugs selectively and simultaneously in one system.
Dual enzyme-assisted one-step isothermal real-time amplification assay for ultrasensitive detection of polynucleotide kinase activity
Authors: Li Xiao-Yu , Du Yi-Chen , Pan Yan-Nian , Su Li-Li , Shi Shuo , Wang Si-Yuan , Tang An-Na , Kim Kwangil , Kong De-Ming
Published: November 2018

A novel, simple, one-step and one-tube detection method for polynucleotide kinase (PNK) activity based on isothermal real-time amplification assay was proposed.
Synthesis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy of potassium transition metal fluoride nanocrystals
Authors: Plews Michael R. , Yi Tanghong , Lee John , Chan Emory , Freeland John W. , Nordlund Dennis , Cabana Jordi
Published: November 2018

Nanocrystals of KMF3 (M = Mn–Ni) and K3MF6 (M = V, Fe) were synthesized via non-aqueous routes based on colloidal chemistry.
Improving pseudo-van der Waals epitaxy of self-assembled InAs nanowires on graphene via MOCVD parameter space mapping
Authors: Baboli Mohadeseh A. , Slocum Michael A. , Kum Hyun , Wilhelm Thomas S. , Polly Stephen J. , Hubbard Seth M. , Mohseni Parsian K.
Published: November 2018

Self-assembly of InAs nanowire arrays with highest reported aspect ratios and number density by van der Waals epitaxy on graphene is presented.
Tuning optical/electrical properties of 2D/3D perovskite by the inclusion of aromatic cation
Authors: Rodríguez-Romero Jesús , Clasen Hames Bruno , Galar Pavel , Fakharuddin Azhar , Suarez Isaac , Schmidt-Mende Lukas , Martínez-Pastor Juan P. , Douhal Abderrazzak , Mora-Seró Iván , Barea Eva M.
Published: November 2018

Demonstration of the tuning of the dielectric confinement effect by the inclusion of a highly polarizable cation in 2D/3D perovskites.
A synergetic stabilization and strengthening strategy for two-dimensional ordered hybrid transition metal carbides
Authors: Fu Zhongheng , Zhang Shihao , Legut Dominik , Germann Timothy C. , Si Chen , Du Shiyu , Francisco Joseph S. , Zhang Ruifeng
Published: November 2018

A strengthening strategy by means of constitutional hybridization.
Carbon chain growth by formyl coupling over the Cu/γ-AlOOH(001) surface in syngas conversion
Authors: Bai Hui , Ma Mengmeng , Bai Bing , Cao Haojie , Zhang Lin , Gao Zhihua , Vinokurov Vladimir A. , Huang Wei
Published: November 2018

Carbon chain growth in syngas-to-ethanol conversion over the Cu/γ-AlOOH(001) surface is mainly ascribed to formyl coupling.