bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF SERUM SCLEROSTIN LEVEL AS A BIOMARKER ASSOCIATED WITH BONE DISORDERS IN Β-THALASSEMIA PATIENTS IN AL- NAJAF CITY, IRAQ
Authors: Intisar Razzaq SHARBA , Arshad Noori AL-DUJAILI
Published: December 2021

Background: β-thalassemia is a blood disorder in which the body does not make hemoglobin normally. Aim: To assess serum sclerostin in female patients with beta-thalassemia and compare with the healthy controls and to predict its complication associated with the bone pathophysiology, for designed improvement the lifestyle goodliness for these patients. Material and methods: Sixty-nine female beta-thalassemia (βT) patients (54 βT major and 15 βT Intermedia), aged 8-40 years who dependent on transfused blood, and 20 healthy controls were evaluated serum sclerostin, and was examined the relationship with hematological parameters RBC, Hb, PCV, WBC, PLT, BMI, splenic status, iron, and ferritin levels. The information of beta-thalassemia patients was collected and records by the questioner. Results: A significantly increased serum sclerostin level (mean 26.80±0.91) pg/ml was showed in βT patients compared with the healthy controls (10.03±0.68, p  smaller than  0.001) pg/ml. Furthermore, a significant decrease (p smaller than 0.05) of the sclerostin level was observed in β-thalassemia major compared to intermedia β-thalassemia patients. Serum sclerostin level revealed a significant increase in progress age; it is highest in the age group (30-40) year as compared with age group (8-18) and (19-29) year respectively. Sclerostin showed no associations with the RBC, Hb, PCV, and significantly positively correlated (p smaller than 0.05) with serum iron, ferritin levels, WBC, and PLT count. Significantly higher sclerostin levels in splenectomized and underweight groups were observed compared to unsplenectomized and normal-weight groups (p smaller than 0.05) of βT patients. Conclusions: Sclerostin plays an important role in beta-thalassemia patients and can serve as a biomarker associated with the bone pathophysiology and indicator to prevent the continuation of such serious diseases caused by iron overload in these patients.
COMPARISON OF TWO STAINING METHODS FOR ANODIZING IN ALLOY 6063 ALUMINUM PROFILES
Authors: PESSUTTO Ana Carla , Eliena JONKO
Published: December 2021

Background: Aluminum stands out for being a light, corrosion-resistant, and recyclable metal, achieving wide coverage in the market. When incorporated into alloying elements, it is possible to acquire other desirable characteristics. Alloy 6063, intended for architectural purposes, has aesthetic, structural, and strength functions. Anodized finishing is performed through an electrolytic process, ensuring a more resistant aluminum oxide film than that formed naturally. For decorative purposes, the anodic film coloration can be performed by several methodologies, in this case, for the coloration by organic adsorption, with the use of aniline, and the electrolytic coloration, composed of tin sulfate salts, both for obtaining the black color. Aim: Compare of two different staining methods on the surface of anodized profiles of aluminum alloy 6063. Methods: Profile samples were collected and tests were carried out to measure the thickness of the anodic layer, immersion tests with 3,5 percent sodium chloride, for 1000 hours, and neutral saline mist, for 600 hours. Results and Discussion: Both methodologies proved to be resistant to immersion tests with sodium chloride, as well as with neutral saline mist, and these tests are quite aggressive and provide corrosion of the material when not well treated. Corrosion points were only seen at the intersections performed, and in the rest of thearea, no points were detected. Conclusions: The result of both methodologies was positive, considering tht there was no corrosion in the tested samples, except in the intersections performed, as well as the maintenance of the color in both tested methodologies, which was not expected in the literature. For future work, it is suggested to deepen the study to perform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests for exaluate the strength of the anodic film and perform anodizing with the same parameters, however, with different anilines to analyze their behavior.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON PASTEURIZATION OF PÊRA RIO IN NATURA ORANGE JUICE
Authors: Gabriela Regina Rosa GALIASSI , Maribel Valverde RAMIREZ
Published: December 2021

Background: Heat treatment is one of the most used methods to preserve food, such as orange juices, which are an excellent source of ascorbic acid. To avoid vitamin C degradation and reduce loss, fast heating is recommended. However, little is known about heat transfer during juice pasteurization. Aim: Therefore, this work aimed to determine the vitamin C content and the convective heat transfer coefficient in the pasteurization of orange juice. Methods: To perform the experiment, in the juice container, two regions were analyzed: the central region and near the wall. For the time-temperature control, thermometers were installed in the two regions mentioned. Every 120 seconds, the temperature was measured. The vitamin C content in the juice was evaluated before and after pasteurization using the iodometric method. The convective coefficient was evaluated using the method of dimensionless numbers and the experimental method. Results and Discussion: In pasteurization, the solution was heated to 80 °C, where heating lasted 3000 seconds and cooling for 2520 seconds. The graph showing the relationship of the convective heat transfer coefficient and temperature follows the same trend of the literature. The convective coefficient is higher in the region near the wall. As time passes and temperature decreases, the central region tends to equilibrium, and the coefficient becomes more constant. The vitamin C content remained constant before and after pasteurization. The values of the dimensionless numbers used in the calculations are in the same order of magnitude as the literature. Conclusions: The pasteurization did not cause ascorbic acid degradation since the heating step was fast in the heat treatment. The graphic showed that there is a dependence of the dimensionless of temperature with the dimensionless Biot and Fourier. It was noted that studying the thermal behavior in the cooling of orange juice is extremely important to ensure its quality.
PREVENTION OF CANDIDIASIS IN PATIENTS USING REMOVABLE DENTURES
Authors: SEVBITOV Andrey , DOROFEEV Aleksey , MIRONOV Sergey , AL-KHOURY Samer , TIMOSHIN Anton
Published: December 2021

Background: Despite innovations in orthopedic dentistry, the manufacture of removable dentures belongs to the most popular orthopedic care category. Removable dentures are combined stimuli that affect the mucous membrane and neuro-receptor apparatus. Acrylic plastic prostheses, widely used in prosthetic dentistry, have a negative side mechanical, chemical-toxic, sensitizing, and thermal insulating effect on oral tissue and prosthetic impression area. This is often complicated by a violation of the biocenosis of the oral cavity, the growth of pathogenic microflora that releases toxins, especially an increase in the number of yeast colonies that irritate the oral mucosa and prosthetic stomatitis. According to the WHO, one-fifth of the world s population suffers or has suffered various candidiasis forms at least once. The worldwide increase in the incidence of the disease is primarily related to the fact that this infection is opportunistic, more than half of the world s population is a carrier of fungi of this kind, i.e., in most cases, it is an endogenous infection, which makes candidiasis different from other opportunistic mycoses. Aims: The purpose of this study was to study the prevalence of candidiasis in patients using removable dentures and to evaluate the effectiveness and prevention of candidiasis treatment. Methods: 100 patients with oral candidiasis of various age groups from 45 to 65 years were observed. Of these, 60 patients with removable plate prostheses; 40 patients with partially removable prostheses. Results and Discussion: Chronic forms of candidiasis were diagnosed in 40 patients and with exacerbation of chronic forms of candidiasis-60 people. The number of untreated carious cavities and poor hygienic condition of the oral cavity directly affects the severity of candidiasis. Acute forms of candidiasis were observed mainly in patients with high DMF and PMA indices. The severity of candidiasis depends on the degree and duration of wearing dentures and hygienic conditions - the most severe forms of invasive candidiasis were observed in the presence of removable plate prostheses, the complete absence of teeth, and the use of a prosthesis for more than 10-15 years. A combined lesion of the oral mucosa and the red border of the lips was observed mainly in patients older than 60 years. Conclusions: The presence of candidiasis in the oral cavity in patients with removable plate prostheses leads to a statistically significant change in the indicators of local immunity of the oral cavity: an increase in the concentration of serum IgG and IgA and the values of the coefficient of the balance of local immunity factors.
Marketing Behaviour of Fruit Growers in Kumaon Hills of Uttarakhandational Environment in Agricultural Colleges from Maharashtra
Authors: Kanwal Shubhangi , hire S.K. Kashyap , Agale S.B.
Published: December 2021

Fruit production has immense potential to boost farmer’s income in Uttarakhand hills. To increase producers’ share in consumer rupee, marketing of quality fruits is essential. A study was conducted in Kumaon hills of Uttarakhand to assess marketing behaviour of fruit growers and constraints in marketing the fruits produced. Results revealed that fruit growers in the Uttarakhand hills exhibited a medium level of overall marketing behaviour. Marketing behaviour was studied as a composite of planning, decision making based on criteria for making an action plan, execution strategy and reconsideration/ review of the action plan after marketing. Risk preference, quality orientation, training received and market information source utilization were found to be significantly related with marketing behaviour of which risk preference and quality orientation were reported as the predictors. High transportation cost, fluctuating market prices and inadequate storage facilities were reported as the major constraints in fruit marketing by the growers. Provision of cold chain, processing units, mega markets with export linkages, minimum support price for fruits, focused training for small and marginal farmers on marketing strategies and quality concerns were suggested by the fruit growers.
A Study on Market Linkage of Women Farmers through Group Approaches
Authors: Arun Dangi Pooja , Malik Joginder Singh , Kumari Neelam
Published: December 2021

Women account for 43 per cent of the agricultural labour force in developing countries and slightly more than 30 per cent in South Asia and India. The Millennium Development Goals specified by the United Nations have “promote gender equality and empower women” as the third most important goal. Group marketing activities have a greater chance of success when attention is not only paid to capacity building in marketing, but also to overall organizational and management skills that could help the groups operate independently. Sankalp Streewadi Aoudhyogik Utpadak Sahakari Sanstha Limited, Uruli Kanchan under BAIF (Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundation) is one of the successful women farmers group which conduct combined training for all the members for costing, pricing, quality control, and product development. It also helped in participating in domestic exhibitions/ trade fairs. The paper attempts to analyse the group approach among women farmers and to identify the market linkage among women group farmers through available literature.
Accessibility and frequency of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) usages by Haryana Farmers
Authors: Kumar Rupender , Chahal Pardeep , Chaudhary Mukesh
Published: December 2021

The study was carried out in four district of Haryana state namely Yamunanagar, Karnal, Hisar and Fatehabad, selected randomly. In total 240 respondents from 16 village were selected for analysis of Accessibility and frequency of ICT. Availability of mobile among the farmers was high followed by television, FM/Radio, internet accessed WhatsApp; face book; YouTube; E-mail, camera enabled mobile phone, Computer, , E-book and CD/VCD were found available and accessed by the farmers. Frequent use of mobile phone by farmers was found followed by TV, FM/Radio, internet, WhatsApp; Mobile phone, face book, YouTube, Computer, E-mail, E-book and CD/VCD. Farmers use of ICTs for the Variety of purpose included marketing, schedule of water supply, supportive facts, plant protection measures, marketing of dairy product, health care practices, management practices, breeding and reproduction practices. Variables education, socio-economic status, extension contact, mass media exposure, scientific orientation, economic motivation and risk orientation exhibited positive and significant whereas age exhibited negative significant with number of ICTs usage by farmers.
Policy and Institutional Support for Agri- Entrepreneurship Development in India: A Review
Authors: Kademani Sujay B , Nain M. S. , Mishra J.R. , Singh Rashmi
Published: December 2021

As per NSSO data, 40% of the farmers feel that they would quit agriculture, if given a chance. The possible reason may be that agriculture per se is not that remunerative as the average income of Indian farmer has gone up only 20-30 times since 1970’s to 2015 whereas for other professions like school teachers, government employees and college professors it has risen 280-320 times, 120-150 times and 150-170 times, respectively. Only few farmers with appropriate business acumen are able to shift the focus from subsistence based and are getting profit owing to their entrepreneurial qualities. There is hardly proper appreciation of farmers as actors in the innovation system, little information provided about different sources of knowledge involved, or the flow of knowledge and little attention to long-term impacts on livelihoods. Extending entrepreneurial opportunities was prioritized in the Twelfth Plan which envisages that identification of rural enterprises and supporting their enterprises through setting up of common facility centres to ensure all important services including technology and skill training, entrepreneurship training, market information, access to institutionalized credit, power and other infrastructure and related facilities are readily provided. It was also emphasized in the roadmap of the Central Government Agenda to attain agricultural growth rate of 4%. The paper is an effort to review the institutional arrangements as well as policy advocacy available for Indian farmers to develop farm level entrepreneurship.
A Study of Self Help Groups in Empowering the Rural Women
Authors: Kumari Neelam , Malik Joginder Singh , Arun Dangi Pooja , Nain M. S.
Published: December 2021

A Self-Help Group (SHG) is a registered or unregistered group of people having homogenous socio-economic background, voluntarily coming together to save small amounts regularly, mutually agree for the contribution of a common fund and to meet their emergency needs. It aims engaging rural women with new activities to increase their income, development of better networks and linkages and improved the existing conditions of the SHGs members. The study was conducted to analyse the income generating activities being taken up and the level of empowerment of SHG members.. Result pertaining to income generating activities indicated that majority of the respondents were involved with small micro enterprises. The need to develop SHGs and motivate rural women to systematically manage and choose their activities in order to generate income can be advocated. Certain essential activities like choosing the more appropriate activity, market intelligence, establishing marketing linkages etc. are an indication of the capability of the groups as SHGs becoming a tool for social empowerment.
Personality Traits and their Effects on Employee’s Job Performance: Evidence from largest Agricultural Research Institutes in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Abiona Bolaji G. , Adesanya Dele A. , Olaoye Faith O. , Adeogun Stephen O.
Published: December 2021

This study determined the effects of personality traits on employee’s job performance in selected agricultural research Institutes in Oyo State, Nigeria. Two hundred eighty three (283) employees were randomly drawn from three largest agricultural research institutes. The mean age of the researchers was found at 35.4 years mostly being male (51.5%). Results indicated that the overall job performance was significantly influenced by openness (b1= -0.36, p<0.05), agreeableness (b1= -0.489, p<0.05), extroversion (b1= 0.118, p<0.05) and functionality stability (b1= -0.95, p<0.05). The findings clearly showed that with openness and functional stability of the researchers, their moral increased in their job and thus less willing to leave their organization. Internal packages that can increase researcher’s zeal towards their job are highly recommended.
Using Mobile Devices To Support Online Collaborative Learning
Authors: Oyebola Olafimihan Cecilia , Ayanlola Atanda Luqman
Published: December 2021

The paper discusses the effect of mobile learning on students, especially the tablets and smartphones. Theses gadgets have become a research interest of education to encourage and facilitate learning. Mobile devices assist in build closer connection between students and teachers. There are several options of mobile devices such as Ipod, personal digital assistant, smart phone, laptop or tablet PC, MP3 Players, pen drive and so on. Mobile learning involves the use of mobile technology either alone or combination with other information and communication technology (ICT). The benefits of mobile learning expand the reach and quality of education, facilitate personalized learning, power anytime, anywhere learning, provide immediate feedback and assessment, ensure productive use of time spent in classrooms, build new community of students, support selected learning, enhance seamless learning, bridge formal and informal learning, improve communication and administration, maximize cost efficiency and update policies related to mobile learning. It is concluded that the benefits overshadow the challenges. Using mobile devices allow students to extend learning beyond the classroom walls. Students are highly engaged and are able to demonstrate unique and creative way to respond to the use of technology that offers some distinctive affordance to users.
Process of Advancement of Loan and its Adoption in Faizabad district Of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Jaiswal Rohit , Kumar Sunil , Verma Anjali
Published: December 2021

Agriculture sector provides employment to nearly 52% of the work force. Lead Bank is a unique model formulated by the RBI to reduce regional and sectorial imbalances existing in the economy in terms of loan advancement. The present study was conducted in Masodha block of Faizabad district (U.P.) on100 beneficiaries selected through proportionate sampling from five sample villages on the basis of majority of beneficiaries. The respondents were contacted personally for data collection and interviewed with structured schedule. The impact of government sponsored scheme on beneficiaries before and after utilizing the bank credit in terms of income, asset and employment generation was examined and evaluated. The finding shows that out of 17 variables like age, education, extent of contact, risk orientation and knowledge extent of process of loan had highly significant and positive correlation with adoption of process of advancement of loan. The findings of the study are eye opener for extension policy makers and government to frame suitable policy for upliftment of rural people.
Organizational Climate And Employees Job Performance Implications For Agricultural Institutions
Authors: ABIONA Bolaji G. , ADESANYA Dele A. , ADEYEYE Oluwatosin A. , AJIBOYE Anuoluwapo E. , AJAYI Michael T.
Published: December 2021

This study determined the effects of organizational climate on employees’ job performance in selected Agricultural Research Institutes in Oyo State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 150randomly selected respondents using structured questionnaire. The mean age of the respondents was 33 years.Organizational climate factors enhancing employees’ job performance were: availability of facilities&resources (x̄- 19.12), award systems (x̄- 16.99), training programs (x̄=15.96), leadership styles (x̄= 15.54), and employee’s empowerment (x̄=12.98). Also, employees’ perceived indicators of their job performance were punctuality at work (x̄= 4.23) and complementation of task (x̄= 4.21). The regression analysis indicated that leadership styles (b1= 3.835, p<0.05), award systems (b1= -3.188, p<0.05), employees empowerment (b1= 3.061, p<0.05), training programs (b1=2.361, p<0.05) and availabilities of resources (b1= 2.098, p<0.05) had significant influence on job performance. The study concluded that organizational climate is positively and statistically significant to employees’ job performance.
Knowledge level and constraints in adopting the recommended mitigation strategies on climate change in Haryana
Authors: S Dilip , Malik , Joginder Singh , Sheokand R.N.
Published: December 2021

The greatest influencer of agricultural productivity is the weather. Climate is typically defined as the normal weather, or more precisely, as the statistical explanation of important parameters in relations of the mean and variability over time scales extending from months to thousands or millions of years. Agriculture in India, as well as the respite of the world, is mostly reliant on the weather. Global warming has had an important impact on agriculture and its output. The shift in growing seasons and changes in agricultural zones have been exacerbated by rising temperatures. Changes in rainfall patterns, on the other hand, pose a severe threat to agriculture, affecting the country’s economy and food security. The sale of agricultural products such as fertilizers, agro-chemicals and tractors are also affected by the delayed or insufficient monsoons. As a result, the farmer’s income is impacted. The present study conducted during 2020-21 focuses on Knowledge level farmers on climate change and constraint experienced by the farmers in adopting recommended mitigation strategies in Hisar district. The majority of beneficiary farmers (48.89 per cent) had high knowledge level on Agro-met Advisory Services whereas majority of non-beneficiary farmers (67.76 per cent) had low knowledge level on Agro-met Advisory Services. Lack of technical skills and capacities for technology adoption, lack of awareness and sensitization about the creation and use of new technologies, non-availability of timely inputs, and lack of information about long-term mitigation strategies were the major constraints
Ran VulhtuteThian: The Smart Extension Services through Smart Phone in Picturesque Hills of Mizoram
Authors: Hmar Lalnuntuangi , Rahman Saidur , Tochhawng Lalhumliana
Published: December 2021

Agriculture is the prime source of livelihood for the majority (85%) of rural population in North-Eastern Region (NER). Apart from agriculture, livestock plays a crucial role in the lives of NER-citizens and are an important component of integrated farming system. Livestock are alternative source of income. Livestock especially pigs and poultry are important in rural economy as crops cultivation is difficult in steep hilly terrain of the state of Mizoram. They need information about farming practices, policy initiatives, best practices of other farmers, and information on market intelligence. There is a need for specific extension strategy at village level to improve the economy and living standards of farming community. The Project entitled Mobile Based Agro-Advisory System in Mizoram was taken up with the help of Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (Meit-Y),Government of India, and implemented in collaboration with Digital India Corporation (DIC) , New Delhi and College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University (I), Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram for a period of three years (2019-22) to empower the farmers by providing ‘right information at right time. The project was given a local name “Ran VulhtuteThian” The paper reports the process and achievements of the initiative.
Farmers level of Awareness and Adaptation Practices about Climate Change and Climate Smart Technologies
Authors: Arun Dangi Pooja , Malik Joginder Singh , Kumari Neelam
Published: December 2021

The impact of climate change on agriculture is varying over space and time. The consequences highly uncertain are heterogeneous in nature. Agricultural sector must focus on adopting climate smart technologies to successfully achieve food security and climate change challenges.Climate Smart Technologies in agriculture is clearly a crucial response for an effective and equitable adaptation and mitigation strategy. To shift the focus towards climate smart agricultural technologies in India, innovation will be the key. The present study focused on level of awareness and adaptation strategies of farmers about climate change and Climate smart technologies. Farmers’ knowledge and perceptions about climate change, and adoption of climate smart technologies, will help development practitioners, researchers and policy makers to develop more promising technologies according to the needs and interests of farmers. The paper advocates various agricultural innovations including technological innovations, managerial innovations and traditional agriculture as a climate-smart approach for sustainable food production.
Methodologies for Constraints Analysis
Authors: Gupta Sanjay Kumar , Gorai Sudeep , Nain Manjeet Singh
Published: December 2021

Constraint analysis research pertains to identification and quantification of factors responsible for lack of technology adoption and performance. The most common methodologies for constraint analysis includes; Garrett’s ranking technique, Rank Based Quotient (RBQ) Followed By Value Based Index (VBI), Weighted Mean, Delphi methodology, Pair wise Comparison, AHP, fuzzy analytic hierarchy, Kruskal-Wallis H Test, Friedman Test, Post Hoc Tests etc. The paper tries to discuss major data requirements, assumptions, formulae used, application of tests and interpretation of results of various methods so that the researchers can choose the best option available according to data set.
Development of Web Based Analysis Tool for Augmented Randomized Complete Block Design (ARCBD)
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Rani Sarita , Niwas Ram , Sheoran O.P. , Malik Komal
Published: December 2021

In biological and field experiments, the Augmented Randomized Complete Block Design (ARCBD) is widely used for screening and selection of a large number of germplasm lines/varieties/entries/test treatments with non replicated test treatments and replicated control treatments to estimate the experimental error. A web based online module for analysis of ARCBD was developed using scripting language Active Server Pages (ASP) based on server client architecture. The data have been taken from Federer (1956) and output compared accordingly. The outputs produced by the module are in agreement with the output generated from SAS package. An attempt was made to provide a user friendly interface for entering/pasting the data, characters names, number of observations and number of characters for analysis of augmented randomized complete block design. The module produces different output tables such as check x block table, block effects, control means and control effects, adjusted mean for test genotypes and genotypic effects. It also computes sum of squares in the analysis of variance tables after ignoring/eliminating treatment and eliminating/ignoring blocks for block and treatment effects, respectively. Critical difference table for comparing different mean differences at 5% and 1% level of significance is also given. A complete procedure is also provided in the help file to make a user friendly interface for analysis of the design.
Overview of Design and Implementation of Library Circulation Model : A Case of Lagos State University Library
Authors: Oyebola Olafimiham, Cecilia , Ayanlola (CLN) Atanda, Luqman , Motunrayo (CLN) Ekeh, Esther
Published: December 2021

The beauty of Library operations is not only in the ability to provide needed and useful materials containing information for the community, but also to be able to make them accessible to the clientele as and when needed, which is what circulation is all about. The objectives of the study were, to analyse the existing information system in LASU Library circulation section, design an information model for circulation section of LASU Library, and implementation of the designed library circulation model. The implementation tools used were, HTML (the Hypertext Mark-up Language), CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), Java Script, Jquery, and Mongodb. . The architectural design used was the unified modelling language (UML) which is a general-purpose modelling language in the field of software engineering and provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system. The model will increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the activities carried out at the circulation unit of LASU Library. At the end of the study, recommendations are provided for the smooth run of the designed circulation model.
Factors Influencing Food Ordering on Zomato in Hisar District, Haryana
Authors: K Shakshi , Goyal Megha , Ghalawat Suman , Kumar Nitin
Published: December 2021

The present study was conducted to investigate the factors influencing food ordering on Zomato in Hisar region of Haryana. A survey was conducted on 100 respondents by using questionnaire as research instrument through online mode. Pie charts were plotted for studying behavior of demographic characters and bar diagrams were used for finding the influence of factors under study. The validity & reliability of a questionnaire measuring an attitude and attitude related aspects was tested with exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha The factor analysis with thirteen observed variables (i.e., survey question responses) that was summarized in terms of two factors with Cronbach alpha values .930 & .902. Cronbach alpha for both the factors was greater than 0.9, hence questionnaire was reliable and strength of factor 1 was more with higher value of Cronbach alpha. It is concluded that offers, price, quality of food and delivery charges was effective variables with high factor loading.
Suggestions and Constraints Perceived by Shopkeepers towards Goods and Services Tax
Authors: Semwal Shatakshi , Rani Ella , Verma Vandana
Published: December 2021

The Goods and Services Tax (GST), implemented on July 1, 2017 is regarded as a major taxation reform till date implementedin India since independence. The primary objective behind development of GST was to subsume number of indirect taxes under one umbrella which simplifies taxation system for service and commodity businesses. GST was expected to convey various advantages to economy as an indirect tax and simplifies the workload of shopkeepers but it resulted in lack of clarity and time consuming process. With this assumption, study was planned to find out the constraints faced by shopkeepers and suggestions given by them regarding the implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST). The study was carried out purposively in Hisar city of Haryana State, where, thirty shopkeepers from five respective section were selected i.e. Foods, Clothing and Textiles, Electrical appliances, Medical and Cosmetics and Communication and Transportation; thus making total sample of 150 respondents. Results from data inferred that majority of the respondent’s complained that filing GST has been more complicated now, there is increased tax compliance, high competition faced by shopkeepers and changing tax rate slabs by the central government is confusing them and making it difficult to understand the process. Furthermore, majority of the shopkeepers also suggested that there should be reduction of legal formalities, tax should be collected by the government at the manufacturing level itself and they don’t have to file for returns at later stages. They also suggested that registration should be there for all the traders and service providers with exemptions for small scale suppliers from collecting and remitting GST and casual trade category should be abolished.
Role of Social Media Use in Democracy
Authors: Kumari Neelam , Malik Joginder Singh , Arun Dangi Pooja
Published: December 2021

Social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and Google hold the potential to alter civic engagement, thus essentially hijacking democracy, by influencing individuals towards a particular way of thinking. Today, social media plays a crucial role in facilitating and transmitting content related to all the matters that have larger effect on public opinions and democracy. Due to higher use of social media among new generations, they are exposed to politics more frequently, and in a way that is integrated into their social lives. New media hailed as vehicles for providing a voice to the voiceless. But the restrictions imposed by the government on social media sites and internet services, while allowing only that content that are government friendly amounts to compelled speech. This paper explores how social media have become a platform for fake news and propaganda to influence certain audiences towards a particular way of thinking. When it comes to healthy democratic networks, it is important that the news remains true so it doesn’t affect people levels of trust. A certain amount of trust is very crucial for healthy and well-functioning democratic systems.
Self Help Groups as a driver of Women Empowerment
Authors: Goel Dimple , Sinha and  Sanjay Kumar
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to study the role of SHG in social, economic and psychological empowerment of women in Haryana The study included primary data from 278 from rural respondents of Haryana (156 from Kaithal District and 122 from Ambala District) selected through non-probability convenience sampling technique. Cronbach’s alpha test was conducted to check the reliability and internal consistency of collected data. The results show that there exist no statistically significant difference in social, economic and psychological empowerment of women with respect to demographic variables. The findings of the study can help Government and NRLM to adopt appropriate policy and encourage women to participate in SHG activity.
A Study on Impact Assessment of ATIC toll free number of CCSHAU, Hisar
Authors: Malik Anil Kumar , Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Tarun
Published: December 2021

The study was carried out in Haryana state, with an objective to assess the impact of ATIC toll free number of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar on farming community. Empirical data were collected telephonically from 100 respondents comprising 80 males and 20 females through a structured interview schedule and analyzed using standard methodology. Findings revealed that that more than fourth-fifth of the farmers mentioned fellow farmersas the main source of information regarding ATIC toll free number. Nearly one-third of the respondents call to toll free number only as and when required for crop production related advisory. Most of them were satisfied with their purpose of call and showed their willingness to call again. The major constraints reported by respondents were ‘language problems’, short duration of time’ and ‘facility available only few days in a week’. Hence, the paper concludes that the toll free number of ATIC, CCS HAU, Hisar was proved to be fruitful and utilized by majority of the farming community due to the reason that it helps in sorting out the small problems and need not to visit the centre personally.
Association between personal attributes with level of knowledge and extent of adoption about improved animal husbandry practices
Authors: Meena D. K. , Mukteswar Rati , Meena R.K. , Meena V.S. , Pant N.C.
Published: December 2021

The present investigation was concerned with Uttari Rajasthan Sahkari Dugdh Utpadak Sangh Limited (URMUL) Bikaner of Rajasthan to find out the adoption of improved animal husbandry practices by the farmer. URMUL dairy Bikaner rank sixth in terms of milk collecting union and consist of 32 milk procurement routes, out of which eight routes and one dairy cooperative society were selected on the basis of highest milk collection routes. The information was gleaned from 160 respondents i.e., 80 members and 80 non- members by applying random techniques. There was significant association between different variable viz., age, education, size of land holding, family type and family size with knowledge level as well as extent of adoption of member, non-member and overall respondents. Personal attribute of respondents like caste had no association with knowledge level and extent of adoption in Bikaner of Rajasthan.
Love Affairs, Dating and Sexual Behaviour among Unmarried Youth: A Qualitative Investigation Carried Out Immediately Prior to The Covid-19 Pandemic in Sri Lanka
Authors: Kumarasinghe Malith , Silva W. Indralal De , Goonatilaka W. S. M.
Published: December 2021

Initiation and continuation of healthy relationships among youth critical for the long-term wellbeing of the youth. Present socio-cultural environment presents numerous pitfalls which inhibit such relationships. Aim of this qualitative investigation was to describe the current status, trends and patterns of love affairs, dating and sexual behaviour among unmarried youth in Sri Lanka. Case studies, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were selected as methods of data collection. Thematic analysis was used. Four themes were generated, namely initiation of love affairs; dating and sexual behaviour, preferences, pattern and places; phycological, physical and sexual issues and violence related to love affairs and dating behaviour; assistance and advice on issues, problems in love affairs, dating and sexual behaviour. One of the key issues identified was lack of reliable person to seek advice for issues related to love affairs, dating and sexual behaviour among youth. Unmarried youth should be desensitized of the norms that inhibit the communication of love affairs, dating, sexuality and reproduction. Furthermore, a mechanism to identify high risk youth groups: those who have multiple love affairs, youth with inadequate knowledge of STIs, youth with casual sex, victims of sexual harassment need be designed and implemented
The Result of Covid-19 Spreads in Education World
Authors: Molla Nur Laila
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 is the most devastating pandemic in human history. Every aspect of human life on earth is disrupted, with little or no education. Many countries have decided to close schools, colleges, and universities, including Indonesia. The crisis came as a shock to governments in every part of the world, including Indonesia, which had to make drastic decisions to close their schools and save lives or to reopen schools in order to save workers’ livelihoods. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of the spread of covid-19 in the world of education. 75 respondents used for sample. The sample selection method used was the target sample. An analytical tool used to assess product duration and determination. Test results show that the spread of Covid-19 has a positive impact on the education world. The study found that the spread of covid-19 affects the world of education.
Effectiveness of Intervention Based Art Therapy (AT) Module on Aggressive Behaviour Among Delinquent Adolescents
Authors: Che U-Seman Nurul Atiqah Binti , Chethiyar Saralah Devi Mariamdaran
Published: December 2021

For youngsters, verbal communication is tough, and for aggressive children, it is even more challenging. Art therapy was used as a successful intervention in this study to reduce aggressive behaviour among delinquent adolescents aged 13 to 18 years. The current study used a Qusai experimental (pretest-posttest) research design. Adolescents (n=30) were randomly assigned to a control group and an experimental group. For ten weeks, the management was carried out once a week. The Nelson and Finch (2000) children inventory of anger was used to assess anger at the start and conclusion of a 10-week period. When linked to the control group, the art therapy group exhibited a substantial reduction in anger (p.001). These findings suggest that art therapy can help aggressive children to minimize their anger and expand their behaviour. Art therapy, which combines natural elements of art with notions of mental methods like cognitive-behavioral therapy, could be a significant involvement, particularly for adolescents.
The Exploration and Practice of Curriculum Ideological and Political Education in the MOOCs of Colleges and Universities
Authors: Wenxuan Ren , Weilaing Yuan , Xiaoyan3 Zhao , Qinghao Wu , Yifei Zhao
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 epidemic has severely affected the global economy and social life, but in another aspect, it has brought opportunities for the development of online education. Via the varieties of network platforms and digital learning resources, more than 200 million students ranging from primary and secondary schools to colleges and universities across China have achieved the goal of “no class suspension”. Under such circumstances, the present study attempts to add ideological and political education into the online courses by modifying the existing online quality courses to some extent. It is mainly to try to carry out the localization reform in every aspect of the curriculum, and then to test whether such reformation can get the corresponding effect in the actual teaching process.
A Qualitative Analysis of Experiences of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Commitment among Females with Major Depressive Disorder in Pakistan
Authors: Qamar Tania , Chethiyar Saralah Devi Mariamdaran , Ibrahim Nabisah binti
Published: December 2021

Purpose. Suicide is a global public health problem. Because Asia accounts for 60% of all suicides worldwide, at least 60 million people are impacted by suicide or commit suicide in Asia each year. Females are more likely than males to engage in suicidal behaviour, which is defined as a complete problem of illness and death. The aim of the present research was to identify experiences of suicidal ideation and suicide commitment among females with major depressive disorder in Pakistan. Method. A sample of approximately 5 clients with major depressive disorder were approached from (Captain Mouzam Ali Shaheed Welfare Trust Hospital, Jhelum) Pakistan. The sample collected through snowball sampling strategy. Qualitative method of in-depth semi structured interview was conducted in order to get data. Beck depression inventory and suicide risk screener was used as an assessment measure. Ideographic Phenomenological Data Analysis (IPA) was utilized to examine and recorded the information in which investigator identified themes. Specific verification method was utilized to measure the credibility of the research results. Results. In outcomes, the main themes emerged in the current study and figures were drawn in order to explain the different themes. There were seven main themes were emerged in the present research were named as Etiology of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Effects of MDD, Psychosocial Factors, Coping with MDD, Insight about MDD, Seeking Support and Experience Difficulties During the Treatment of MDD. Novelty/Originality of The Study. Suicidal thoughts were moderately common among patients with major depressive illness. Implication. As a result, all clients with major depressive illness should be screened for suicide thoughts so that treatment can begin as soon as possible.
Translational Practice-Based Methodological Model for Health and Wellness in COVID-19 Times
Authors: Ross Valerie , Amir Abid
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has fueled interdisciplinary research and innovation in institutions of higher learning to combat rising physical and mental health issues. A robust research methodology is the foundation and quintessence of quality research output. As innovation assumes increasing prominence in translational science-art research, the process of interdisciplinarity within the research design itself is of growing interest but lesser known. This paper extrapolates the crafting of a Translational Practice-based Methodological model of interdisciplinary research to promote health and wellness. Multimethodologies comprising practice-based approach, user-centred design and design thinking strategies inform the model design. Central to the model is the ‘User’ and the innovative artefact of research flanked by considerations of sustainable development goals, theoretical framework, assimilating methodologies and applying translational practice.
Malaysian Primary Teachers’ Perceptions on Dyscalculia
Authors: May Yoong Soo , Hoe Fu Sai , Lun Wong Wei , Shen Lijuan
Published: December 2021

This study aims to examine the perceptions of primary school teachers in Malaysia regarding dyscalculia using a survey. The researchers conducted the study using a quantitative design. The survey data had been collected using a questionnaire. The survey data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The questionnaire was adapted from Chinn’s (2020) checklist for dyscalculia with permission from Professor Dr. Steve Chinn. Thirty Mathematics teachers from Year One to Year Three in primary schools were randomly chosen. The severity of dyscalculia were analysed by using means and standard deviations. In contrast, independent t-tests were used to compare the severity of dyscalculia between school locations, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the severity of dyscalculia between different school types. According to teachers’ perceptions, the difficulty level for dyscalculic pupils in our country is medium-high (M=3.684, σ=.994). There is no significant difference in dyscalculia severity between school locations (p=.243, p>.05). However, there is a significant difference in dyscalculia severity between school types (p=.007, p.05). Dyscalculic pupils need to be detected since primary schools. The future agenda for this study is to design and develop an instrument in order to detect the dyscalculic pupils among the population. The disparities in dyscalculia severity levels between school types and s are important for the Ministry of Education, educators, teachers, and researchers. This is because it will be useful to determine the allocations of funding and resources so that the learning capability for pupils with different learning abilities can be improved to the maximum.