bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing the EU Directive 2017/541 on Combating Terrorism in a Sustainable Balance Between Efficiency, Security and Rights: The Case Study of the Participation to a Terrorist Group
Authors: Morgante Gaetana , De Paolis Roberta
Published: May 2021

EU Directive 2017/541 led to a sort of Copernican revolution in the definition of the system to combat international terrorism. There is not only the definition of the guidelines for a coherent system to combat the phenomenon, but it is explicitly envisaged the need for a compliance with fundamental freedoms, breaking the widespread idea that security and rights cannot coexist in a balanced system. The analysis of the national implementation of international and European legal framework returns the image of domestic systems strongly influenced by the past forms of terrorism experienced at a domestic level. From this point of view, the case-study of the definition of the crime of participation in a terrorist group in the Italian system appears to be paradigmatic of the aforementioned need to find a sustainable balance between the effectiveness of the response and the protection of fundamental rights and guarantees. The experience in the field of political terrorism but above all of mafia-type associations allowed doctrine and jurisprudence to rely on an already mature elaboration of the constitutive elements of the crime even if it was necessary to evaluate the peculiarities of the terrorist phenomenon. Unlike the mafia-type association, the terrorist group is much moreliquidas it is not based on a rigid structure divided into roles but on networks active at transnational level and resulting from the connection between different autonomous cells. As a result Italian case law, not differently from what happened in other national systems, has been oriented to a strong enhancement of the psychological element in the forms of personal adherence to the ideology of Jihad and to a wide application of the crime of participation even in presence of hardly appreciable contributions from a material point of view. These forms of extensive interpretation – also derived from guidelines developed in the context of mafia-type associations and forms of so-called external conspiracy – has not only driven to forms of “subjectivization” of the crime but made participation in a terrorist group the attractive black hole of all minor hypotheses of non-associative offenses. Through the reference to the Italian experience and some solutions adopted by jurisprudence, this article aims at assuming how the use – or better the history repeating – of the classic causation model could be a useful solution to recover the legality of the crime of participation and to restore autonomous space for the application of the minor hypotheses already provided by the same Directives 541/2017 in a sustainable balance between collective security and protection of fundamental principles.
Adaptive process for improving leaching efficiency of germanium from secondary zinc oxide
Authors: Zhu Yingxu , Deng Zhigan , Wei Chang , Yang Yuan , Sun Pu , Li Xingbin , Li Minting , Fan Gang
Published: May 2021

Adaptive process was used to treat germanium-containing secondary zinc oxide. The leaching parameters were determined by batch experiment, and continuous experiment was conducted and the stability of the process was verified. The leaching efficiency of Zn and Ge in the batch experiments were 92.51 and 90.67%, respectively, while the leaching efficiencies of Zn and Ge in the continuous experiment were 93.53 and 88.47%, respectively. In the neutralization process, the Fe3+ concentration in the neutralized solution is within 0.025 g/L. The Fe2+in the leaching solution increased gradually, as the neutralized residue was returned to the leaching process, the Zn in leaching residue reduce and the leaching efficiency of Zn increased. The residue mainly contained zinc sulfide and lead sulfate, with some fluffy structures on the surface. The process is promising for industrial application from indicators, economy, and applicability.
Analysis and evaluation of two short-term load forecasting techniques
Authors: Panda Saroj Kumar , Ray Papia
Published: May 2021

Short-term load forecasting (STLF) is very important for an efficient operation of the power system because the exact and stable load forecasting brings good results to the power system. This manuscript presents the application of two new models in STLF i.e. Cross multi-models and second decision mechanism and Residential load forecasting in smart grid using deep neural network models. In the cross multi-model and second decision mechanism method, the horizontal and longitudinal load characteristics are useful for the construction of the model with the calculation of the total load. The dataset for this model is considered from Maine in New England, Singapore, and New South Wales of Australia. While, In the residential load forecasting method, the Spatio-temporal correlation technique is used for the construction of the iterative ResBlock and deep neural network which helps to give the characteristics of residential load with the use of a publicly available Redd dataset. The performances of the proposed models are calculated by the Root Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Error, and Mean Absolute Percentage Error. From the simulation results, it is concluded that the performance of cross multi-model and second decision mechanism is good as compare to the residential load forecasting.
Fast valving automation setting using HRTSim
Authors: Kievets Anton , Gusev Aleksander , Bay Yuly
Published: May 2021

At present, due to the increase and significant complication of the electric power system (EPS), the task of maintaining the stability of the EPS is becoming increasingly important. Due to the fact that, in case of significant disturbances in the EPS, the processes occurring can lead to large synchronous swings of the generating equipment or loss of stability. When disconnecting the intersystem communication or a powerful load in the excess part of the EPS, an emergency excess of generated active power occurs, as a result, the frequency begins to increase, and the load-frequency control system is not able to cope with such an accident, due to its slowness. In this case, it is necessary to use the means of emergency automation to eliminate the surplus of active power. One of the most effective methods is fast valving automation. However, its effectiveness directly depends on the quality of its setting - which is a rather difficult task, since for its implementation, a complete mathematical model of the turbo-generator is required, taking into account its control systems and boiler unit.
Lot’s Wife is Still Standing: In Search of the Pillar of Salt
Authors: Low Katherine
Published: May 2021

This article explores how readers search for Lot’s wife at the shore of the Dead Sea and how they use the pillar of salt as a destination, as a symbol, and as a lasting memorial. Whether Lot’s wife turned into a pillar of salt that travelers to the Dead Sea can visit today is not relevant for this analysis. Spanning many centuries, this reception history of Lot’s wife argues that readers use her for their own interests to address their own cultural concerns. Three chronological areas are addressed for a broad-sweeping coverage of some trends and traditions about Lot’s wife. While the Hebrew text remains ambivalent about memorializing Lot’s wife, Hellenistic Jewish and early Christian sources reveal a concern to remember Lot’s wife in terms of God’s final judgments. The article then turns to medieval Christian travel narratives and maps that use Lot’s wife to mark the borders of Christendom, with pilgrims seeking her amid Crusades-era concerns. Finally, modern sources are discussed that deal with Lot’s wife in terms of symbolizing sexual trauma, deviance, and danger. Gender theory and queer theory are utilized in the article as secondary ideological lenses through which to engage reception history. What results is a complex picture regarding how people use Lot’s wife to negotiate boundaries, engage biblical myth, and further their own agendas.
Receiving the Word in Image: Federico Zuccaro’sthe Annunciation Broadcast by Prophets(1565) and the Reception History of the Bible in the Counter-Reformation
Authors: Church Chloe
Published: May 2021

The Annunciation Broadcast by Prophets (1565) was an altarpiece created by Federico Zuccaro (1541–1609) for the Church of the Annunciation, Rome. It was the first image commissioned by the Order of the Jesuits, a movement involved in propagating the objectives of the Counter-Reformation Church. Altarpieces were particularly effective points of communication between the Catholic Church and the lay beholder, and used visual exegesis as a means to communicate appropriated receptions of biblical texts. The intimate connection that these objects have to their theological and political context marks them as significant moments of biblical reception, that have, up to this point, been overlooked by historians in the field. This article identifies the broader lacuna in scholarship surrounding the reception history of the Bible during the Counter-Reformation. Whilst this is due to a preference for studies of the Bible in the Protestant Reformation, the lack of scholarly investment poorly reflects the relevance of the Counter-Reformation period to the reception-historical methodology. The context prioritized the interpretation of the Bible through the lens of Church tradition, or in other words, the history of the Bible’s reception. This affinity is echoed in the reception-historical approach found in contemporary biblical scholarship, creating a hermeneutical link between the two contexts. Visual culture was a valuable expression of Counter-Reformation rhetoric and visualized the mediation of biblical texts through Church tradition. This article uses Zuccaro’s altarpiece as a tool to argue this hypothesis and postulate the intimate relationship maintained between texts and their reception in Counter-Reformation Catholicism.
Non-invasive prenatal diagnostics (NIPD) in the system of medical care. Ethical and legal issues
Authors: Huster Stefan
Published: May 2021

The procedures of prenatal and preimplantation diagnostics are discussed critically again and again in our community. In addition to the permanently controversial issues of embryo protection and abortion, considerations that discrimination on the basis of disability could occur with problematic consequences also for already born people with disabilities and their relatives now play a central role.
Sanskritization in Pāli
Authors: Levman Bryan G.
Published: May 2021

This article continues the discussion on the nature of the early language of Buddhism and the language that the Buddha spoke, arguing that the received Pāli transmission evolved out of an earlier Middle Indic idiom, which is identified as akoine. Evidence for thiskoinecan be found by examining correspondence sets within Pāli and its various varieties and by examining parallel, cognate correspondence sets between Pāli and other Prakrits which have survived. This article compares 30 correspondence sets transmitted in theDhammapadarecensions: the Gāndhārī Prakrit verses, the partially Sanskritized Pāli and PatnaDhammapadaPrakrit verses, and the fully Sanskritized verses of theUdānavarga. By comparing cognate words, it demonstrates the existence of an underlying inter-language which in many cases can be shown to be the source of the phonological differences in the transmission. The paper includes a discussion on the two major factors of dialect change, evolution with variation over time, and the diffusionary, synchronic influence of dialect variation; it concludes that both are important, with dialect variation – and the phonological constraints of indigenous speakers who adopted MI as a second language – providing the pathways on which the natural evolutionary process was channeled.
Crystal structure of 6-(quinolin-8-yl)benzo[a]phenanthridin-5(6H)-one, C26H16N2O
Authors: Li Chuan-Jun
Published: May 2021

C26H16N2O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.3329(2) Å, b = 12.9276(2) Å, c = 12.11250(10) Å, β = 114.047(2)°, V = 1763.55(5) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0416, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1137, T = 293(2) K.
Miscible blend polyethersulfone/polyimide asymmetric membrane crosslinked with 1,3-diaminopropane for hydrogen separation
Authors: Abdul Nasir Nur’ Adilah , Ahmed Alshaghdari Ameen Gabr , Junaidi Mohd Usman Mohd , Hashim Nur Awanis , Rabuni Mohamad Fairus , Rohani Rosiah
Published: May 2021

Efficient purification technology is crucial to fully utilize hydrogen (H2) as the next generation fuel source. Polyimide (PI) membranes have been intensively applied for H2 purification but its current separation performance of neat PI membranes is insufficient to fulfill industrial demand. This study employs blending and crosslinking modification simultaneously to enhance the separation efficiency of a membrane. Polyethersulfone (PES) and Co-PI (P84) blend asymmetric membranes have been prepared via dry–wet phase inversion with three different ratios. Pure H2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas permeation are conducted on the polymer blends to find the best formulation for membrane composition for effective H2 purification. Next, the membrane with the best blending ratio is chemically modified using 1,3-diaminopropane (PDA) with variable reaction time. Physical and chemical characterization of all membranes was evaluated using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Upon 15 min modification, the polymer membrane achieved an improvement on H2/CO2 selectivity by 88.9%. Moreover, similar membrane has demonstrated the best performance as it has surpassed Robeson’s upper bound curve for H2/CO2 gas pair performance. Therefore, this finding is significant towards the development of H2-selective membranes with improved performance.
Bio-based polyhydroxyalkanoates blends and composites
Authors: Madbouly Samy A.
Published: May 2021

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are linear semicrystalline polyesters produced naturally by a wide range of microorganisms for carbon and energy storage. PHAs can be used as replacements for petroleum-based polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) in many industrial applications due to their biodegradability, excellent barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties. The overall industrial applications of PHAs are still very limited due to the high production cost and high stiffness and brittleness. Therefore, new novel cost-effective production method must be considered for the new generation of PHAs. One approach is based on using different type feedstocks and biowastes including food byproducts and industrial and manufacturing wastes, can lead to more competitive and cost-effective PHAs products. Modification of PHAs with different function groups such as carboxylic, hydroxyl, amine, epoxy, etc. is also a relatively new approach to create new functional materials with different industrial applications. In addition, blending PHA with biodegradable materials such as polylactide (PLA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), starch, and distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is another approach to address the drawbacks of PHAs and will be summarized in this chapter. A series of compatibilizers with different architectures were successfully synthesized and used to improve the compatibility and interfacial adhesion between PHAs and PCL. Finer morphology and significantly improvement in the mechanical properties of PHA/PCL blends were observed with a certain type of block compatibilizer. In addition, the improvement in the blend morphology and mechanical properties were found to be strongly influenced by the compatibilizer architecture.
Biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)
Authors: Burford Ty , Rieg William , Madbouly Samy
Published: May 2021

Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), PBAT, is a synthetic and 100% biodegradable polymer based on fossil resources. Most conventional plastics utilized today are produced from petroleum-based products, making them nondecomposable. With polymer manufacturing companies under constant scrutiny due to the effect nondegradable plastics have on the environment, biodegradable polymer production is growing at an exponential rate. However, developing new biodegradable polymers that can maintain the requirements of expected material properties has been a challenge for material manufacturers. When compared to other polymers, PBAT is classified as polyester. Aliphatic polyesters biodegrade efficiently because of ester bonds in the soft chain portion of the polymer. These ester bonds are broken down through hydrolysis, making the polymer degradable in almost any environment. In this chapter, key components of biodegradable PBAT and prominent blends of PBAT will be reviewed and analyzed for suitable end-use applications. This chapter will also provide a general understanding of the chemical composition of PBAT and how the addition of components effect the properties of the material.
Entre el ofrecimiento y la orden: la reproducción de peticiones en secuencias de estilo directo en entrevistas semidirigidas
Authors: Sampedro Mella María
Published: May 2021

La petición es un acto de habla que ha sido ampliamente analizado en la bibliografía del español, especialmente a partir de cuestionarios de uso. En este artículo procedemos a su estudio desde una nueva perspectiva: la reproducción de la petición en el discurso directo. Para llevar a cabo la investigación, se ha recopilado un subcorpus de 112 enunciados de estilo directo que contienen peticiones, procedentes de una muestra de corpus orales de entrevistas semidirigidas del español centro-norte peninsular. Se han distinguido dos tipos de peticiones según su contexto de producción original: por un lado, en situaciones transaccionales y, por otro, en interacciones de proximidad social. A continuación, se han clasificado las estrategias utilizadas en la expresión de este acto de habla entre las más directivas, que hacen que la petición se asemeje a la orden, y las más indirectas, que la aproximan al ofrecimiento. A partir de los datos recopilados, se analiza si se producen variaciones en la expresión de este acto entre ambos tipos de situaciones, y si el contexto comunicativo en el que se reproduce el discurso –la entrevista semidirigida– influye en la expresión, por el interés de los hablantes en proyectar una imagen social de sí mismos más cuidada y formal, acorde a las nuevas circunstancias contextuales.
The Transmission of the Samaritan Pentateuch Group: A New Perspective
Authors: Dayfani Hila
Published: May 2021

This paper explores the transmission process of SP and the texts from which it developed. It evaluates the reliability of the transmission by means of an examination of variants attested in MT and SP attributable to graphic similarity between letters. The paper shows that if one focuses on variants that originated solely in graphic similarity between letters, SP contains primary readings in an equal number of instances as MT. These findings are consistent with the lack of evidence for scribal errors in the pre-Samaritan scrolls. Both indicate that the texts in the Samaritan and pre-Samaritan traditions were carefully transmitted.
Redaction patterns in biblical wisdom literature in light of the instructions of Shuruppak
Authors: Samet Nili
Published: May 2021

This paper examines redactional theories regarding the development of the Book of Proverbs from a comparative perspective. Building on the methodology known as Empirical Models for Biblical Criticism, the paper explores patterns of development and redaction in the Mesopotamian proverb collection The Instructions of Shuruppak, including growth of collections, editorial use of opening and concluding formulas, and religiously-oriented redaction. These, in turn, serve as an illustration for very similar processes hypothesized by Biblicists regarding the development of biblical wisdom collections.
Impact of non-thermal electrons on spatial damping: a kinetic model for the parallel propagating modes
Authors: Sarfraz Muhammad , Abbas Gohar , Farooq Hashim , Zeba I.
Published: May 2021

A sequence of in situ measurements points the presence of non-thermal species in the profile of particle distributions. This study highlights the role of such energetic electrons on the wave-spectrum. Using Vlasov–Maxwell’s model, the dispersion relations of the parallel propagating modes along with the space scale of damping are discussed using non-relativistic bi-Maxwellian and bi-Kappa distribution functions under the weak field approximation, i.e.,

ω
−
k
.
v

>

Ω

0

$\left\vert \omega -\mathbf{k}.\mathbf{v}\right\vert { >}{{\Omega}}_{0}$

. Power series and asymptotic expansions of plasma dispersion functions are performed to derive the modes and spatial damping of waves, respectively. The role of these highly energetic electrons is illustrated on real frequency and anomalous damping of R and L-modes which is in fact controlled by the parameter κ in the dispersion. Further, we uncovered the effect of external magnetic field and thermal anisotropy on such spatial attenuation. In global perspective of the kinetic model, it may be another step.
Dependence of the electrical properties of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles decorated by Ag atoms
Authors: Modwi Abueliz , Taha Kamal K. , Khezami Lotfi , Boudina Mohamed , Khairy Mohamed , Al-Duaij Omer K. , Talab Sarra
Published: May 2021

Silver decorated copper doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ag@Cu-ZnO) were successfully prepared via sol gel method. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed ZnO wurtzite crystalline structure with the existence of minor peaks attributed to Cu and Ag. The presence of Cu and Ag in addition to ZnO lattice was supplementary verified by EDS data while the shift in the FTIR band confirmed the Cu incorporation within the ZnO host lattice. Both SEM and XRD revealed an increase in particle size with Ag loading. At different frequencies, electrical measurements demonstrated a decrement in the dielectric constant, dielectric loss and AC conductivity with the increment of Ag content. Meanwhile, the Nyquist plots of the impedance measurement showed a single semicircle arc indicating the predominance of grain boundary resistance. This study elucidated the great influence of Ag on Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles’ structural, dielectric constant and electrical conductivity which make it a promising candidate for catalytic, photocatalytic and adsorption applications.
Green synthesis and application of heterogeneous iron oxide based nanoparticles for dairy wastewater treatment by Photo-Fenton processes
Authors: Malakootian Mohammad , Heidari Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency of heterogeneous Photo-bio-Fenton-like process and adsorption process for phosphorus removal from wastewater. The results showed that both of these processes can reach 98 and 92% removal efficiencies phosphate (P) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), respectively. The findings of kinetic and isotherm studies revealed that data of P removal highly correlated with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm. The quenching experiments determined that both hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radicals are key factors for the removal of contamination and the sulfate radicals were also the dominant radicals.
Creep and Shrinkage of Early-Age Concrete at Cold Temperature
Authors: Ahn Il-Sang
Published: May 2021

This study was to investigate the concrete creep and shrinkage of early-age concrete at cold temperatures and to analyze their characteristics compared with the creep and shrinkage measured at room temperature. Concrete creep frames were used to apply a sustained force to specimens. One frame was located in a laboratory at room temperature, and the other was in a cold room. An MTS test machine with an environmental chamber was used to test other specimens at the same time with an improved accuracy in force and temperature control. Test results showed that the concrete creep and shrinkage stayed dormant at the cold temperature (−40°C and −55°C). But the creep and shrinkage resumed once the temperature increased from the cold to room temperature. The concrete creep and shrinkage strain change pattern was similar to the one measured from specimens at room temperature. When concrete was loaded at the cold temperature and the temperature changed from the cold to room temperature, there was a substantial increase in strain as the temperature changed. The accumulated creep and shrinkage were greater than the ones measured from the specimen placed in room temperature.
Influence of Welding Consumables on Ballistic Performance of Gas Metal Arc Welded Ultra-high Hard Armor Steel Joints
Authors: Subramani Naveen Kumar , Visvalingam Balasubramanian , Sudersanan Malarvizhi , Abdur Hafeezur Rahman , Vadivel Balaguru
Published: May 2021

Steels with high strength and high hardness are considered to be the essential criteria for weight reduction in armored fighting vehicles (AFVs). Ultrahigh hard armor (UHA) steels are higher hardness (>500 HV) and higher strength (>1,500 MPa) than the currently used rolled homogenous armor (RHA) steels. The occurrence of both a tempered region in the grain-refined heat-affected zone (HAZ) and hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) has become the limiting factor in the life extension of weld in high-strength and high-hardness armor grade steels. Hence, an attempt was made to weld UHA steel by gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process using different three filler metals (1) austenitic stainless steel (ASS), (2) duplex stainless steel (DSS), and (3) low-hydrogen ferritic. The ballistic performance of the joints was evaluated based on the area density and depth of penetration. The mechanical properties (transverse tensile, hardness, and impact toughness) and microstructural features of welded joints are correlated with the ballistic performance. All the joints stopped the 7.62 × 51 ball projectile at the weld metal region. However, through-hole (perforation) was observed when tested against the 7.62 × 54 armor piercing projectile. The joints fabricated using ASS filler wire showed superior ballistic resistance, a lesser degree of HAZ softening, and better impact toughness properties due to the higher energy absorption capability of the austenitic phase.
Study on the Effect of Laser Processing Parameters on Microtexture Morphology
Authors: Wang Lili , Wang Min , Zhang Wei , Zhao Xingtang , Ge Xue
Published: May 2021

The microtexture with different morphological characteristics is obtained by changing the processing parameters of laser marking machine. The microtexture morphology characteristics are observed, and the width and depth of microtexture is measured. At the same time, the theoretical model of laser processing is established to solve the change rule of the processing morphology. The average friction coefficient variation of specimens obtained by different processing parameters is tested by universal friction and wear tester. The results show that the width of microtexture increases with the increase of laser processing power and decreases with the increase of laser scanning frequency, which is consistent with the theoretical results of laser processing. The depth of microtexture increases with the increase of laser processing power and scanning frequency. When the scanning times are 3, the width and depth of microtexture reach the maximum. With the decrease of scanning speed, the width and depth of microtexture increase gradually. Friction experiments show that when the processing power is 60–70 %, the lubrication can achieve the optimal value.
Antisemitismus in der Migrationsgesellschaft – Theoretische Überlegungen, Empirische Fallbeispiele, Pädagogische Praxis
Authors: Neuburger Tobias
Published: May 2021

Der Antisemitismus hat wieder Konjunktur und scheinbar überwunden geglaubte antisemitische Verschwörungstheorien drängen zurück in die politische Arena: die „Protokolle der Weisen von Zion“ als Erzählung vom „großen Austausch“, völkische Kapitalismuskritik in Form von Hetzkampagnen gegen George Soros oder sogenannte „Globalisten“. Rechte Agitatoren und Neonazis spüren in diesem Klima Aufwind und schreiten zur Tat. Auch linker Antisemitismus artikuliert sich zunehmend unverstellt und findet neue Bündnispartner – als hätte es eine diesbezügliche innerlinke Kritik niemals gegeben. Und der in Europa beheimatete islamistische Terrorismus hat Jüdinnen und Juden sowie jüdische Einrichtungen zu bevorzugten Zielen seiner Gewaltexzesse erkoren. Eine Herausforderung besteht zudem auch in dem weitverbreiteten Unvermögen, den modernisierten und sich wandelnden Antisemitismus überhaupt als Antisemitismus zu erkennen. Dieser Sammelband vereint Beiträge, die sich in diesem Sinne den Fragen und Problemstellungen des zeitgenössischen Antisemitismus aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln annähern.
Rise of the rare biosphere
Authors: Record Nicholas R. , Countway Peter D. , Kanwit Kohl , Fernández-Robledo José Antonio
Published: May 2021

Ocean ecosystems are changing, and the climate envelope paradigm predicts a steady shift, approximately poleward, of species ranges. The Gulf of Maine presents a test case of this paradigm, as temperatures have warmed extremely rapidly. Some species have shifted northeastward, matching predictions. Others—namely harmful algal species like Pseudo-nitzschia australis and Karenia mikimotoi—do not appear to have followed climate trajectories, arriving as surprises in the Gulf of Maine. Rare-biosphere dynamics offer one possible ecological lens for understanding and predicting this type of surprise. Rare species in the plankton, possibly more so than southerly ones, may provide management challenges in the future. Improved monitoring and broader coordination of monitoring of the rare biosphere could help develop early warning systems for harmful and toxic algae. A better theoretical understanding of rare biosphere dynamics is also needed. A challenge for the next cohort of ecosystem projections is to predict the newly emerging harmful species of the type that catch us by surprise.
Anti-Communism as Ideology
Authors: Ilkowski Filip
Published: May 2021

The aim of this article is to show with the example of contemporary Poland the ideological function of anti-communism. It explains how “communism” has been constructed and utilized mainly in order to legitimize the political/economic power in the decades of Transition after 1989. The question is not only why anti-communism has been relatively successful in functioning as the hegemonic ideology, but also what its limits are. This article examines the roots of anti-communism with an attempt to find its universal and particular features. The Polish example is helpful to distinguish major, contradictory, ideological explanations operating within its framework: apologetic and contesting.
Parental Monitoring and Risk Behavior in Middle Adolescents
Authors: Shanti Theresia Indira , Gryselda Chatarina Dara
Published: May 2021

Friends played significant role due to middle adolescents tended to imitate behaviour of their friends including the risk behaviour. Parental monitoring could minimize the risk. However, the excessive unreasonable parental monitoring tended to increase risk behaviour of middle adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to know whether perceived parental monitoring had a significant relationship with risk behaviour among middle adolescents. This study used quantitative method with two measuring instruments in the form of a questionnaire, Parental Monitoring Questionnaire which consisted of 25 items to measure parental monitoring and Adolescence Risk Behaviour Questionnaire which consisted of 15 items to measure risk behaviour. The participants in this study were 105 male senior high school student age 15-17 years, who lived with both of their parents in Jakarta. Correlation test results showed that there was a significant relationship between perceived parental monitoring and substance use, premarital sex, and criminal behaviour among middle adolescents. Based on these results, the researcher presented some discussion materials and the suggestions that needed to be considered for further research.
Is there a Relationship Between Pregnant Women's Characteristics and Stunting Incidence In Indonesia?
Authors: Simbolon Demsa , Jumiyati Jumiyati , Ningsih Lisma , Riastuti Frensi
Published: May 2021

Teenage pregnancy has an impact on the outcomes. Teenage pregnancy is at risk of adverse health, an increased risk of domestic violence, poor nutrition, and sexual and reproductive health problems, lower levels of education, and higher levels of poverty compared to women who postpone marriage age. The study aims to determine the relationship between marriage and Adolescent pregnancy with the incidence of stunting in children under five years in Indoneasia.Â  The study used a cross-sectional approach from 2014 IFLS (Indonesian Family Life Survey) data. The bivariate analysis used the Chi-Square Test when the multivariate analysis used logistic regression. The results found the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia in 2014 was 36.6%. The stunting prevalence is higher in toddlers of married mothers of adolescents (42.4%) compared to mothers of married mature (35%). The stunting prevalence was also higher in children under five years from adolescent pregnant women (44.4%) compared to mothers who were of sufficient age (35.6%). Teenage pregnancy is associated with the incidence of stunting. A married teenage woman is 1.2 times at risk, and a woman who is less than 20 years pregnant is 1.3 times at risk of having a stunting toddler. Teenage pregnancy increases the prevalence of stunting. Cross-sectoral integrated interventioans are needed to prevent adolescent pregnancy. It is required to decrease the prevalence of stunting. The various risks that occur in teenage pregnancy are the basis for the importance of pregnancy prevention efforts in this age group by involving the related sectors.
Knowledge & Attitudes towards Family Use of Maternal Child Health Handbook
Authors: Dharmawan Yudhy , Mawarni Atik , Handayani Novia , Pradana Atha Rifqia
Published: May 2021

The use of the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) handbook requires family support, but the utilization of the MCH Handbook by the family is still low. The objectives of this research are to know the extent MCH Handbook used by the family and the factors related to it. This is an explanatory research with a cross-sectional design. The study sample is the total population in Kemawi Village, which is 60 families who have pregnant woman or baby or toddler. The results of rank-spearman correlation showed that there is a strong and positive relation between knowledge with the use of MCH Handbook (rs = 0.571, p = 0.0001) and between attitude and the use of MCH Handbook (rs = 0.468, p = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis with binary logistic regression showed that the knowledge (OR =4.9) and attitude (OR=11.9) variables had a significant influenceÂ  together on the use of the MCH handbook with probability is 74.3% . It is suggested to village midwives to increase counseling to the community about MCH Handbook related to motherâ€™s health in the postpartum period, especially regarding family attitudes towards the MCH Handbook.
Determinant Factors of Low Back Pain in Paving Block Workers
Authors: Khayan Khayan , Hyasinta Hyasinta , Anwar Taufik , Puspita Widyana L , Wardoyo Slamet , Hanif Muhammad Ifham
Published: May 2021

Paving block workers are included in the informal sector and have a risk of lower back pain. Documenting the workersâ€™ health status in the informal sector has not been done well so that workers do not get protection from the government. Heavy physical work puts pressure on the spine associated with repeated body twisting. This study aims to determine work attitude, length of employment, and exercise habits related to low back pain in Pontianak paving block workers in 2018. This type of research is observational with a cross-sectional approach. Sampling uses total sampling. The research sample of 56 paving block workers in the city of Pontianak, West Kalimantan. Data is processed with a computer program. Data analysis was performed univariate and bivariate and tested using the Chi-square test, with Î± = 5%. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the length of the work (p = 0.013), work attitude (p-value = 0.038), and exercise habits (p = 0.003) with low back pain.
Factors of Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure on School Children in An Agricultural Area, Indonesia
Authors: Budiyono Budiyono , Suhartono Suhartono , Kartini Apoina
Published: May 2021

Organophosphate is widely used in agriculture in Indonesia and contributes to a public health problem. However, the risk factors of organophosphate exposure, particularly in children living in the agricultural area, have not been described. The research aimed to assess the risk factors associated with organophosphate pesticide exposure on school children living in the agricultural area. This work was a cross-sectional study in 2017 with 166 school children were selected by simple random sampling. Structured questionnaires identified risk factors. Organophosphate metabolites detected by using LC-MS/MS. While chi-square and binary logistic tests as statistical analysis (Î±=0.05; 95%CI). In 28.9% of subjects, organophosphate metabolites were detected. Cut the onion leaves (p=0.002, OR=3.33, 95% CI:1.55âˆ’7.15), the onion, pesticide equipment, or pesticide in their neighbors (p=0.007; OR=2.67; 95%CI:1.31âˆ’5.46) was associated with organophosphate pesticide exposure. Involvement in agriculture activities and the onion, pesticide equipment, or pesticide in the neighbor.
Fertility in North Sumatera: Why is it not declining?
Authors: Raharja Mugia Bayu , Fadila Wisnu , Rahmadewi Rahmadewi
Published: May 2021

The results of the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017 confirm that although the prevalence of contraception is quite high, the fertility rate in North Sumatera Province is still high. Fertility decomposition analysis has been used extensively to identify changes in fertility in various countries. This study was conducted to determine the pattern of changes in fertility decomposition in North Sumatra by using IDHS data in 2002/03 and 2017. The total fertility rate (TFR) from 2002 to 2017 in this province relatively remains the same, which is around 3 children per woman. There was a change in the proximate contribution of the determinant of fertility. Contraceptive use and effectiveness are the main contributors affecting the fertility rate in North Sumatra Province. The contribution of breastfeeding patterns has increased and marital patterns have decreased over a period of 15 years. The implementation of population and family planning programs in North Sumatra Province needs to be continuously improved to reach a TFR of 2.1 children per woman by 2024. Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding needs to be encouraged to extend the birth interval and reduce natural fertility. Prevention programs for child marriage and teenage pregnancy should be promoted.
Risk of Pesticide Exposure on Impaired Level of Intelligence (IQ) of Children
Authors: Suwondo Ari , Widyawati Melyana Nurul , Kurniawan Bina , Dewi Endah Kumala
Published: May 2021

The shallot cropping pattern applied by farmers in the village of Pasir Demak is very likely to cause pollution. Pesticide contamination in pregnant women in the first trimester (3 months) can result in fetal death, low birth weight, and impaired intelligence (IQ). Preliminary research conducted in 2016 found that elementary schooler who came from Pasir Village, Demak had low learning achievement. It was an observational study with a cross-sectional approach; the respondents were Elementary Schooler grades 4, 5, and 6 (107 people) and the mothers of the students (107 people). Thus, the total respondents were 214 people. The IQ assessment instrument used the SPM and CPM instruments. The level of pesticide poisoning from the mother was to measure blood Cholin Esterase levels using a tintometer, the data were then statistically analyzed using Chi Square and Odd Ratio for risk factors. There were significant differences on the level of intelligence of children including the planting system p=0.002; room area p=0.047; ventilation area p=0.041; type of pesticide p=0.001; spraying before harvest p=0.007; spraying after harvest p=0.008; storage place for crop yields p=0.039, while the variables that did not show significant difference were the playing environment p=0.848; gestational age p=0.190; contact to pesticides p=0.105 and age p=0.418. Pesticide contamination in pregnant women in the 1st trimester which the time to process formation and development of the brain in the Temporal lobe and Frontal lobe will experience impaired learning and memory (IQ). Keywords : Elementary schooler; Pesticide exposure; Level of intelligence.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Transient juvenile hypoglycemia in growth hormone receptor deficiency – mechanistic insights from Laron syndrome and tailored animal models
Authors: Hinrichs Arne , Renner Simone , Bidlingmaier Martin , Kopchick John J , Wolf Eckhard
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study is to find possible explanations for vanishing juvenile hypoglycemia in growth hormone receptor deficiency (GHRD) in human patients and animal models. We reviewed parameters of glucose metabolism in distinct age groups into two human cohorts (Israeli and Ecuadorian) of Laron syndrome (LS) patients, a mouse model (Ghr-KO mouse) and provided additional data for a porcine model (GHR-KO pig). Juvenile hypoglycemia is a common symptom of GHRD and vanishes in adulthood. In the Israeli cohort, developing metabolic syndrome is associated with decreasing insulin sensitivity, insulinopenia and glucose intolerance, and increasing glucose levels with age. In the Ecuadorian patients and both animal models, insulin sensitivity is preserved or even enhanced. Alterations in food intake and energy consumption do not explain the differences in glucose levels; neither is the accumulation of body fat associated with negative effects in the Ecuadorian cohort nor in the animal models. A reduced beta-cell mass and resulting insulin secretory capacity is common and leads to glucose intolerance in Ghr-KO mice, while glucose tolerance is preserved in Ecuadorian patients and the GHR-KO pig. In human patients and the GHR-KO pig, a simultaneous occurrence of normoglycemia with the onset of puberty is reported. Reduced gluconeogenesis in GHRD is discussed to cause juvenile hypoglycemia and a counter-regulatory stimulation of gluconeogenesis can be hypothesized. A coherent study assessing endogenous glucose production and beta-cell capacity in the hypoglycemic and normoglycemic age group is needed. This can be performed in GHR-KO pigs, including castrated animals.
Epidemiology of craniopharyngiomas: a population-based study in Malta
Authors: Craus Sarah , Gruppetta Mark
Published: May 2021

Background

Despite being benign tumours, craniopharyngiomas are challenging to manage and can cause significant morbidity and mortality in both the paediatric and adult population. The aim of the study was to analyse the epidemiology of craniopharyngiomas, patient and tumour characteristics through a population-based study in Malta, enabling a better quantification of the disease burden.

Methods

Thorough research was carried out to identify the number of patients who were diagnosed with craniopharyngiomas. Epidemiological data, including both standardised incidence rates (SIR) and prevalence rates, were established in a well-defined population. For incidence estimates, patients who were diagnosed between 2008 and 2019 were included. The background population formed 4.8 million patient-years at risk.

Result

Twenty-nine subjects were identified and included in our study. The overall SIR was 0.3/100,000/year, with a higher SIR for males compared to females (0.4/100,000/year and 0.2/100,000/year, respectively). The highest SIR was recorded in the 10–19 year age group. The estimated prevalence rate amounted to 5.27/100,000 people, with a lower prevalence rate for childhood-onset when compared to the adult-onset category (2.03/100,000 vs 3.24/100,000 people). The median longest tumour diameter was 31.0 mm (IQR 21–41), with a statistically significant difference between childhood- and adult-onset disease; 43.0 mm (IQR 42.5–47.25) vs 27.0 mm (IQR 20.55–31.55) (P = 0.011).

Conclusion

Through this population-based study, accurate and up-to-date prevalence and incidence rates for craniopharyngiomas are reported. These provide a clearer reflection of the true health burden of the disease.
La cuentística erótica de Jaramillo Levi a través de sus máquinas deseantes
Authors: Nogueira Fátima R.
Published: May 2021

Se estudia la narrativa de Jaramillo Levi centrada en la relación entre el erotismo y la muerte, desde el intercambio de dos fuerzas que actúan en la producción del deseo: una, de naturaleza libidinosa e inconsciente, la otra de filiación social. Estos relatos exploran el vínculo entre las pulsiones sexuales y el instinto de la muerte revelando el exceso y la violencia ocultos en el erotismo; además, plasman la magnitud del deseo que al exceder los límites del cuerpo y del individuo deviene una experiencia de la sexualidad inhumana reafirmada sólo por un campo saturado de intensidades y vibraciones. Partiendo de la teoría lacaniana del deseo, y de conceptos de Deleuze y Guattari, en los relatos tal encuentro de fuerzas objetiviza el sujeto y cuestiona la noción antropomórfica de sexualidad. This study deals with Jaramillo Levi’s short stories centered on the relationship between eroticism and death, examining the exchange of two driving forces which create desire. The nature of one of these forces is unconscious and libidinous while the other is social. These stories explore the link between sexual drive and the death instinct, disclosing overindulgence and violence hidden behind eroticism. In addition, they depict the magnitude of desire, which upon exceeding the boundaries of the human body and the individual, becomes an experience of inhuman sexuality that can reaffirm itself only in a field permeated with intensity and vibrations. Considering Lacan’s theory of desire and other concepts from Deleuze and Guattari, the exchange of forces in these stories objectifies the subject and questions the anthropomorphic notion of sexuality.
Reinventando Centroamérica. La construcción del imaginario social a partir de la novela de ficción
Authors: López Martínez María del Pilar
Published: May 2021

El estudio analiza el papel que la novela de ficción tiene en la constitución de imaginarios sociales en y sobre El Salvador y Guatemala, a partir de las novelas escritas después de los acuerdos de paz en Centroamérica. Apunta a la necesidad de profundizar en las investigaciones interdisciplinarias que vinculan esa generación de imaginarios con la producción, distribución y consumo de novelas y las nuevas temáticas y búsquedas estéticas de las obras literarias, con frecuencia determinadas por el mercado. This study addresses the role which fiction novels have in the formation of social imaginaries in and about El Salvador and Guatemala, based on the novels written after the peace agreements in Central America. It discusses the need to go into greater depth in interdisciplinary research linking that generation of imaginaries with the production, distribution and consumption of novels and the new themes and esthetic searches in literary works, as often determined by the market.