bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Central elements of the Jennings basis and certain Morita invariants
Authors: Sakurai Taro
Published: July 2019

From Morita theoretic viewpoint, computing Morita invariants is important. We prove that the intersection of the center and the [Formula: see text]th (right) socle [Formula: see text] of a finite-dimensional algebra [Formula: see text] is a Morita invariant; this is a generalization of important Morita invariants — the center [Formula: see text] and the Reynolds ideal [Formula: see text].

As an example, we also studied [Formula: see text] for the group algebra FG of a finite [Formula: see text]-group [Formula: see text] over a field [Formula: see text] of positive characteristic [Formula: see text]. Such an algebra has a basis along the socle filtration, known as the Jennings basis. We prove certain elements of the Jennings basis are central and hence form a linearly independent subset of [Formula: see text]. In fact, such elements form a basis of [Formula: see text] for every integer [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is powerful. As a corollary we have [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is powerful.
From nucleons to nuclei (chiral soliton approach)
Authors: Yakhshiev Ulugbek
Published: July 2019

We discuss the properties of nucleons in nuclear matter and the properties of nucleonic systems in the framework of an in-medium modified Skyrme Lagrangian. The modification is achieved by introducing the medium functionals into the original Skyrme Model Lagrangian in free space[Formula: see text]. The parameters of the medium functionals are related to the low density phenomenology (i.e. to the pionic atoms3) from the one side and to the properties of nuclear matter at the saturation density [Formula: see text] from the other side. After fitting the parameters of the model, the extrapolations into the low density and high density regions showed that the model can successfully describe the Equations of State (EoS) of nuclear matter in the wide range of densities including the high critical densities existing in the interiors of neutron stars.
Protective effect and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 against MDA-suppressed proliferation in mesenchymal stem cells derived from murine bone marrow
Authors: Li Ye , Ma Cheng , Lv Zhe , Shao Chang-Feng , Zhang Jun , Geng Wenye , Zheng Lan
Published: July 2019

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the cytoprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 (GS-Rg1) against malondialdehyde (MDA)-suppressed proliferation of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and its possible mechanisms in vitro.

Methods: Murine bone marrow-derived MSCs were treated with GS-Rg1 (10, 50, 100[Formula: see text]mg/L) for 24[Formula: see text]h before being incubated with MDA in vitro, CFU-Fassay, the cell viability and BrdU incorporation assay were examined, the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), p21 and cyclin E of MSC were examined by Q-RT-PCR and Western blotting.

Results: The results showed that the number and size of murine bone marrow MSC colonies, the number of colony-forming cells, methyl thiazolyltetrazolium (MTT) absorbed value greatly and percentage of BrdU-positive cells increased significantly in MSC pretreated with GS-Rg1. GS-Rgl pretreatment markedly decreased the expression level of p21 and increased the expression of CDK2 and cyclin E. GS-Rg1 protects MSCs from MDA-suppressed proliferation.

Conclusion: The protective mechanism could be related to its ability to increase the expression of CDK2 and cyclin E, and to reduce the expression of p21.
Sex does not influence impairments in popliteal endothelial-dependent vasodilator or vasoconstrictor responses following prolonged sitting
Authors: O’Brien Myles W. , Johns Jarrett A. , Williams Tanner D. , Kimmerly Derek S.
Published: July 2019

An acute bout of prolonged sitting (PS) impairs the popliteal artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) response. Despite equivocal reductions in mean shear rate, young women demonstrate an attenuated decline in popliteal FMD versus young men. However, it is uncertain whether popliteal endothelial-dependent vasoconstrictor responses [low-flow-mediated constriction (L-FMC)] are similarly affected by PS and/or whether sex differences exist. We tested the hypothesis that women would have attenuated reductions in both popliteal FMD and L-FMC responses following an acute bout of PS. Popliteal FMD and L-FMC responses were assessed via duplex ultrasonography before and after a 3-h bout of PS. These responses were then compared between 10 men (24 ± 2 yr) and 10 women (23 ± 2 yr) with similar ( P > 0.13) levels of objectively measured habitual physical activity (via PiezoRx) and sedentary time (via activPAL). At baseline, men and women exhibited similar ( P > 0.46) popliteal FMD (4.8 ± 1.2 vs. 4.5 ± 0.6%) and L-FMC (–1.7 ± 1.0 vs. –1.9 ± 0.9%) responses. Both sexes experienced identical (group: P > 0.76; time: P < 0.001) PS-induced impairments in popliteal FMD (–2.8 ± 1.4 vs. –2.6 ± 0.9%) and L-FMC (1.3 ± 0.7% vs. 1.4 ± 0.7%). In young adults, sex did not influence the negative PS-induced FMD, L-FMC, or microvascular responses in the lower limb. As such, our findings suggest that young men and women are similarly susceptible to the acute negative vascular effects of PS. Future studies should extend these findings to older, less physically active adults and/or patients with vascular disease.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We compared changes in popliteal artery endothelial function to a single 3-h bout of sitting between young men and women. Both groups exhibited similar endothelial-dependent vasodilation (i.e., flow-mediated dilation) and endothelial-dependent vasoconstrictor responses (i.e., low-flow-mediated constriction) at baseline and equivocal impairments in these measures of endothelial function following prolonged sitting. These findings demonstrate that acute impairments in conduit artery endothelial health associated with uninterrupted sitting are not influenced by sex in young, healthy adults.
Staphylococcal Pericarditis Causing Pericardial Tamponade and Concurrent Empyema
Authors: Kondapi Divya , Markabawi Danny , Chu Andrew , Gambhir Harvir Singh
Published: July 2019

Bacterial pericarditis is a rare presentation and is usually due to secondary infection from a hematogenous cause or can occur secondary to trauma, intrathoracic surgery, or due to spread of infection from a contiguous focus via ligaments that anchor the pericardium to its surrounding structures. Its course is fulminant characterized by a high mortality rate from sepsis, tamponade, and constriction. We describe a rare case ofStaphylococcus aureuspericarditis with concurrent unilateral empyema. The patient rapidly developed tamponade and was successfully treated with antibiotics and urgent percutaneous pericardial drainage with placement of a temporary catheter. Treatment for bacterial pericarditis typically is 4–6 weeks long. Thoracic surgery should be consulted as soon as possible to determine need for surgical intervention, as fibrin deposition may occur, making percutaneous drainage incomplete and leading to complications of persistent purulent pericarditis or constrictive pericarditis.
Higher vs. Lower DP for Ventilated Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Zhen , Wei Xuxia , Liu Genglong , Tai Qiang , Zheng Donghua , Xie Wenfeng , Chen Li , Wang Ganping , Sun Jia-Qi , Wang Siqi , Liu Na , Lv Haijin , Zuo Liuer
Published: July 2019

Objectives. Driving pressure (DP) has recently become a promising mediator for the identification of the effects of mechanical ventilation on outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The aim of this study was to systematically and quantitatively update and assess the association between DP and mortality among ventilated patients with ARDS. Methods. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Embase were systematically searched from inception to June 2018. Two investigators conducted the literature search study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation independently. RevMan 5.3 software was used for all statistical analyses. Results. A total of seven studies comprising 8010 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Higher DP showed a significant association with higher mortality (pooled risk ratio, 1.10; 95% [CI], 1.05–1.16; I2 =58%). Sensitivity analysis indicated that one study significantly affected the stability of pooled results. One of the subgroups investigated, ARDS severity, could account for the heterogeneity. An exploratory post hoc subgroup analysis and higher DP significantly increased mortality in the mild to severe ARDS subgroup (RR 1.28; 95% [CI], 1.14–1.43; I2 =0), but not in the moderate to severe ARDS subgroup (RR 1.18; 95% [CI], 0.95–1.46;  I2 =52%). Conclusion. Higher DP was significantly associated with an increased risk of death among ventilated patients with ARDS. But it did not seem to predict prognosis to moderate to severe ARDS. Future prospective randomized clinical trials are needed to verify the results of this meta-analysis and address the unresolved questions about optimum cutoff values for DP. Trial Registration. This trial is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018102146), on 11 August 2018.
Population Management: A Tool to Improve Timely Care in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Prendaj Erealda , Thomas Sharon , Tomer Gitit
Published: July 2019

Background. Maintenance of health leads to better outcomes in patients with chronic illness. ImproveCareNow, an international inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) quality improvement (QI) network, recommends maintenance-of-health visits twice a year. We identified a gap in care, with only 64% of IBD patients having documented visits within 200 days. Therefore, we sought to improve our follow-up rate to a goal of 80%. Methods. Using population management (PM) reports, we identified patient-, data-, and treatment-related reasons for no documented visit within 200 days. We used the Pareto chart, key drivers, and process flow mapping and implemented changes using Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles to improve follow-up visit rates. Outcomes were presented using a control run chart with pre- and post- intervention data. Results. The most common reasons for no visits were patient nonadherence with appointments (50%) and relocation/transition to an adult provider (25%). The median percentage of documented visits within 200 days increased from 64% to 83% (p<0.0001), and this increase has been sustained for one year. Conclusions. Using the PM tool and focused QI interventions improved data quality and the percentage of patients with a documented visit within 200 days. The process is simple and can be applied to patients with other chronic illnesses.
Quality Enhanced Multimedia Content Delivery for Mobile Cloud with Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Saleem Muhammad , Saleem Yasir , Asif H. M. Shahzad , Saleem Mian M.
Published: July 2019

The importance of multimedia streaming using mobile devices has increased considerably. The dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP is an efficient scheme for bitrate adaptation in which video is segmented and stored in different quality levels. The multimedia streaming with limited bandwidth and varying network environment for mobile users affects the user quality of experience. We have proposed an adaptive rate control using enhanced Double Deep Q-Learning approach to improve multimedia content delivery by switching quality level according to the network, device, and environment conditions. The proposed algorithm is thoroughly evaluated against state-of-the-art heuristic and learning-based algorithms. The performance metrics such as PSNR, SSIM, quality of experience, rebuffering frequency, and quality variations are evaluated. The results are obtained using real network traces which shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms the other schemes in all considered quality metrics. The proposed algorithm provides faster convergence to the optimal solution as compared to other algorithms considered in our work.
Fushiming Capsule Attenuates Diabetic Rat Retina Damage via Antioxidation and Anti-Inflammation
Authors: He Mengshan , Long Pan , Guo Lunfeng , Zhang Mingke , Wang Siwang , He Hongling
Published: July 2019

Aims. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains one of the leading causes of acquired blindness. Fushiming capsule (FSM), a compound traditional Chinese medicine, is clinically used for DR treatment in China. The present study was to investigate the effect of FSM on retinal alterations, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress triggered by diabetes. Main Methods. Diabetic rat model was induced by 6-week high-fat and high-sugar diet combined with 35 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). 30 days after successful establishment of diabetic rat model, full field electroretinography (ffERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed to detect retinal pathological alterations. Then, FSM was administered to diabetic rats at different dosages for 42-day treatment and diabetic rats treated with Calcium dobesilate (CaD) capsule served as the positive group. Retinal function and structure were observed, and retinal vascular endothelial growth factor-α (VEGF-α), glial fibrillary acidic (GFAP), and vascular cell adhesion protein-1 (VCAM-1) expressions were measured both on mRNA and protein levels, and a series of blood metabolic indicators were also assessed. Key Findings. In DR rats, FSM (1.0 g/kg and 0.5 g/kg) treatment significantly restored retinal function (a higher amplitude of b-wave in dark-adaptation 3.0 and OPs2 wave) and prevented the decrease of retinal thickness including inner nuclear layer (INL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), and entire retina. Additionally, FSM dramatically decreased VEGF-α, GFAP, and VCAM-1 expressions in retinal tissues. Moreover, FSM notably improved serum antioxidative enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities, whereas it reduced serum advanced glycation end products, methane dicarboxylic aldehyde, nitric oxide, and total cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Significance. FSM could ameliorate diabetic rat retina damage possibly via inhibiting inflammation and improving antioxidation.
Impact of a Premorbid Psychiatric Disorder on the Incidence of Delirium during ICU Stay, Morbidity, and Long-Term Mortality
Authors: van der Kuur Anna , Bethlehem Carina , Bruins Nynke , de Jager Corine , van Alst Cherryl , Haagsma Oetse G. , Keijzers Alexander , Boerma E. Christiaan
Published: July 2019

Introduction. Delirium during ICU stay is a widespread problem with complex aetiology. A premorbid psychiatric disorder has been associated with an increased incidence of delirium in the general hospital population, but data on the impact of ICU delirium and consequences for morbidity and long-term mortality remain scarce. Methods. In this single-centre retrospective analysis, 472 patients with an ICU stay >48 hours were included during a 2-year period. Postresuscitation and neurosurgical patients were not included. The primary aim of the study was to establish the incidence and duration of delirium during ICU stay in patients with (PS group) and without (NPS group) a premorbid psychiatric disorder. Data were analysed with applicable nonparametric tests. In a secondary analysis, patients were compared according to the presence or absence of delirium. Finally, a binary logistic regression model was constructed to correct for potential confounders. Results. Of all patients, 19.7% were included in the PS group. Baseline characteristics with respect to severity of illness and type of admission did not differ between groups, but PS patients were significantly younger and more often female in comparison with NPS patients. The overall incidence of delirium during ICU was 57% and did not significantly differ between groups (65% in PS group vs. 56% in the NPS group, p=0.13). In a univariate analysis, the presence of a psychiatric history was also associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, length of stay ICU, and hospital stay, but not with long-term all-cause mortality. The presence of delirium at any time during ICU admission was significantly associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and prolonged ICU and hospital stay, but not with mortality. In a Kaplan–Meier analysis, 5-year all-cause mortality was clearly separated between groups, but the difference remained statistically insignificant (X2=3.01, p=0.08). In a binary logistic regression model, age, male sex, APACHE III score, and premorbid psychiatric disorder (OR 1.8, CI 1.1–3.0; p=0.023) were all independently associated with the presence of delirium. Conclusions. In ICU patients with a length of stay >48 hours and a premorbid psychiatric disorder, the incidence of delirium was not significantly higher in comparison with patients without a premorbid psychiatric disorder.
Bilateral Anterior and Intermediate Uveitis with Occlusive Vasculitis as Sole Manifestation of Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Pedraza-Concha Angelica , Brandauer Karin , Tello Alejandro , Rangel Carlos Mario , Scheib Christian
Published: July 2019

76-year-old female patient, with past medical history of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis manifested by retrobulbar optic neuritis in both eyes with an interval of one year between the first episode in the left eye and the one in the right eye and after three decades of remission, who consulted due to bilateral blurred and foggy vision. Subsequently, several differential diagnoses where ruled out. Diagnosis of bilateral anterior and intermediate uveitis with occlusive vasculitis attributed to a new relapse episode of multiple sclerosis was made, as the association between multiple sclerosis and intermediate uveitis is known, though the causal association is still questioned. This case shows how multiple sclerosis may only manifest with ocular involvement and exemplifies the broad spectrum of manifestations and complications, taking into account that ischemic areas from vasculitis and other comorbidities led to macular edema and unfortunately, prognosis became poorer. The complex course of the case enables emphasizing the responsibility role of the ophthalmologists in such systemic entities that may compromise the eye, in which suspicion of the disease and an adequate timing management approach is essential.
A Method to Improve the Seismic Performance of Steel Moment Resisting Frames Based on Eigenfrequency Optimization
Authors: Arroyo Orlando , Osorio Angie V. , Vargas María Catalina
Published: July 2019

Steel moment resisting frames are a structural system used throughout the world, mainly for their ductility and the speed and ease of their construction. These buildings are usually designed per procedures based on seismic design codes, seeking to minimize the total cost of the building. To aid in better building designs, researchers have proposed different methodologies, which have been proven to be effective. However, their practical use has been limited by their low computational efficiency and their difficulty to implement by practicing engineers. This article proposes a method to improve the seismic performance of steel moment resisting frame buildings based on eigenfrequency optimization. The main advantage of the proposed method is its computational efficiency and that it is simple to implement. The method is demonstrated for a four‐story and an eight‐story building, whose seismic performance is compared to traditional building designs using nonlinear analyses and seismic fragility functions. The results show that the seismic performance improves significantly with the proposed method with respect to that of traditionally designed buildings, reducing their seismic fragility and increasing their overstrength. These findings and the computational efficiency of the method suggest that it is a viable alternative for use within engineering practice.
Cerebral Ischemia due to Aortic Arch Thrombosis Secondary to Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Nisar Taha , Hanumanthu Rajanigandhi
Published: July 2019

Thrombocytosis, hypercoagulable state, and hypoxia secondary to anemia are some of the mechanisms that are thought to cause strokes in patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Several cases of middle-aged females with IDA who had embolic strokes due to aortic arch thrombosis have been reported. Majority of the cases were treated with anticoagulation. We report another case of embolic strokes in a patient with IDA treated with anticoagulation and iron replacement without recurrence of further episodes. We concluded that embolic phenomenon in middle-aged females with IDA warrants transesophageal echocardiogram with an evaluation of aortic arch.
A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Phase II Trial of Dendritic Cell Vaccine ICT-107 in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Glioblastoma
Authors: Wen Patrick Y. , Reardon David A. , Armstrong Terri S. , Phuphanich Surasak , Aiken Robert D. , Landolfi Joseph C. , Curry William T. , Zhu Jay-Jiguang , Glantz Michael , Peereboom David M. , Markert James M. , LaRocca Renato , O'Rourke Donald M. , Fink Karen , Kim Lyndon , Gruber Michael , Lesser Glenn J. , Pan Edward , Kesari Santosh , Muzikansky Alona , Pinilla Clemencia , Santos Radleigh G. , Yu John S.
Published: July 2019

Purpose:

To evaluate the results of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial of ICT-107 in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Patients and Methods:

We conducted a double-blinded randomized phase II trial of ICT-107 in newly diagnosed patients with glioblastoma (GBM) and tested efficacy, safety, quality of life (QoL), and immune response. HLA-A1+ and/or -A2+–resected patients with residual tumor ≤1 cm3 received radiotherapy and concurrent temozolomide. Following completion of radiotherapy, 124 patients, randomized 2:1, received ICT-107 [autologous dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with six synthetic peptide epitopes targeting GBM tumor/stem cell–associated antigens MAGE-1, HER-2, AIM-2, TRP-2, gp100, and IL13Rα2] or matching control (unpulsed DC). Patients received induction ICT-107 or control weekly × 4 followed by 12 months of adjuvant temozolomide. Maintenance vaccinations occurred at 1, 3, and 6 months and every 6 months thereafter.

Results:

ICT-107 was well tolerated, with no difference in adverse events between the treatment and control groups. The primary endpoint, median overall survival (OS), favored ICT-107 by 2.0 months in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population but was not statistically significant. Progression-free survival (PFS) in the ITT population was significantly increased in the ICT-107 cohort by 2.2 months (P = 0.011). The frequency of HLA-A2 primary tumor antigen expression was higher than that for HLA-A1 patients, and HLA-A2 patients had higher immune response (via Elispot). HLA-A2 patients achieved a meaningful therapeutic benefit with ICT-107, in both the MGMT methylated and unmethylated prespecified subgroups, whereas only HLA-A1 methylated patients had an OS benefit.

Conclusions:

PFS was significantly improved in ICT-107–treated patients with maintenance of QoL. Patients in the HLA-A2 subgroup showed increased ICT-107 activity clinically and immunologically.
Assessing the Prevalence of Undetected Possible Dementia in Faroese Nursing Homes
Authors: Petersen Maria Skaalum
Published: July 2019

Introduction: To assess the prevalence of possible dementia among nursing home residents in the Faroe Islands. Method: This cross-sectional study, undertaken in 2017, included all nursing homes in the Faroe Islands (n = 30), housing 591 residents. All residents were invited to participate, except those with an existing clinical diagnosis of dementia or living in dementia units (n = 207). A total of 232 residents participated, while 39 declined and 113 were unable to give consent, had died, or were not permanent residents at the time of examination. Cognitive screening was carried out using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline (IQCODE). Results: Possible dementia was found in 49% to 78% of the participants depending on the method used. According to both MMSE and IQCODE (AND rule), possible dementia was present in 105 participants (49%). According only to IQCODE, 119 participants (55%) scored above the cut-off (≥3.6), according to MMSE alone, 162 participants (72%) scored below the cut-off (≤24 on MMSE), while 175 participants (78%) screened positive according to either MMSE or IQCODE (OR rule). A rough estimate of the prevalence of possible dementia in the entire nursing home population (n = 591) including residents with known dementia and those with possible dementia from this study was between 61% and 73%. Conclusion:A high percentage (49–78%) of the participating nursing home residents without a pre-dementia diagnosis were assessed to have possible dementia based on screening with standardized tools, indicating a high degree of dementia underdiagnoses in Faroese nursing homes. This high prevalence of dementia is of significance for the clinical practice, running, and planning of nursing homes and pinpoints a need to act upon this, not only in the Faroes but also worldwide.
Resenha de 'A comunicação feminista como mobilização política: lições de quarenta anos de imprensa feminista no Brasil', de Viviane Gonçalves Freitas
Authors: Marques Danusa
Published: July 2019

Referência completa:

Freitas, Viviane Gonçalves. Feminismos na imprensa alternativa brasileira: quatro décadas de lutas por direitos. Jundiaí: Paco Editorial, 2018.
Caspase-1 Activation Is Related With HIV-Associated Atherosclerosis in an HIV Transgenic Mouse Model and HIV Patient Cohort
Authors: Kearns Alison C. , Liu Fengming , Dai Shen , Robinson Jake A. , Kiernan Elizabeth , Tesfaye Cheru Lediya , Peng Xiao , Gordon Jennifer , Morgello Susan , Abuova Aishazhan , Lo Janet , Zanni Markella V. , Grinspoon Steven K. , Burdo Tricia H. , Qin Xuebin
Published: July 2019

Objective:

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in people with HIV since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy. Despite recent advances in our understanding of HIV ASCVD, controversy still exists on whether this increased risk of ASCVD is due to chronic HIV infection or other risk factors. Mounting biomarker studies indicate a role of monocyte/macrophage activation in HIV ASCVD; however, little is known about the mechanisms through which HIV infection mediates monocyte/macrophage activation in such a way as to engender accelerated atherogenesis. Here, we experimentally investigated whether HIV expression is sufficient to accelerate atherosclerosis and evaluated the role of caspase-1 activation in monocytes/macrophages in HIV ASCVD.

Approach and Results:

We crossed a well-characterized HIV mouse model,
Tg26
mice, which transgenically expresses HIV-1, with
ApoE
−/−
mice to promote atherogenic conditions (
Tg26
+/−
/
ApoE
−/−
).
Tg26
+/−
/ApoE
−/−
have accelerated atherosclerosis with increased caspase-1 pathway activation in inflammatory monocytes and atherosclerotic vasculature compared with
ApoE
−/−
. Using a well-characterized cohort of people with HIV and tissue-banked aortic plaques, we documented that serum IL (interleukin)-18 was higher in people with HIV compared with non–HIV-infected controls, and in patients with plaques, IL-18 levels correlated with monocyte/macrophage activation markers and noncalcified inflammatory plaques. In autopsy-derived aortic plaques, caspase-1+ cells and CD (clusters of differentiation) 163+ macrophages correlated.

Conclusions:

These data demonstrate that expression of HIV is sufficient to accelerate atherogenesis. Further, it highlights the importance of caspase-1 and monocyte/macrophage activation in HIV atherogenesis and the potential of
Tg26
+/−
/ApoE
−/−
as a tool for mechanistic studies of HIV ASCVD.
Inhibition of Senescence‐Associated Genes
Rb1
and
Meis2
in Adult Cardiomyocytes Results in Cell Cycle Reentry and Cardiac Repair Post–Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Alam Perwez , Haile Bereket , Arif Mohammed , Pandey Raghav , Rokvic Miso , Nieman Michelle , Maliken Bryan D. , Paul Arghya , Wang Yi‐Gang , Sadayappan Sakthivel , Ahmed Rafeeq P. H. , Kanisicak Onur
Published: July 2019

Background

Myocardial infarction results in a large‐scale cardiomyocyte loss and heart failure due to subsequent pathological remodeling. Whereas zebrafish and neonatal mice have evident cardiomyocyte expansion following injury, adult mammalian cardiomyocytes are principally nonproliferative. Despite historical presumptions of stem cell–mediated cardiac regeneration, numerous recent studies using advanced lineage‐tracing methods demonstrated that the only source of cardiomyocyte renewal originates from the extant myocardium; thus, the augmented proliferation of preexisting adult cardiomyocytes remains a leading therapeutic approach toward cardiac regeneration. In the present study we investigate the significance of suppressing cell cycle inhibitors
Rb1
and
Meis2
to promote adult cardiomyocyte reentry to the cell cycle.

Methods and Results

In vitro experiments with small interfering
RNA
–mediated simultaneous knockdown of
Rb1
and
Meis2
in both adult rat cardiomyocytes, isolated from 12‐week‐old Fischer rats, and human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes showed a significant increase in cell number, a decrease in cell size, and an increase in mononucleated cardiomyocytes. In vivo, a hydrogel‐based delivery method for small interfering
RNA
–mediated silencing of
Rb1
and
Meis2
is utilized following myocardial infarction. Immunofluorescent imaging analysis revealed a significant increase in proliferation markers 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine,
PH
3,
KI
67, and Aurora B in adult cardiomyocytes as well as improved cell survivability with the additional benefit of enhanced peri‐infarct angiogenesis. Together, this intervention resulted in a reduced infarct size and improved cardiac function post–myocardial infarction.

Conclusions

Silencing of senescence‐inducing pathways in adult cardiomyocytes via inhibition of
Rb1
and
Meis2
results in marked cardiomyocyte proliferation and increased protection of cardiac function in the setting of ischemic injury.
Significance of Horses: Control Legislation and Impact on Irish Travellers
Authors: Burke Wood Patricia
Published: July 2019

This paper documents the significance of horses to Irish Travellers, on several fronts, to demonstrate their unusual relationship with horses as companion animals and as work animals in a non-farm context. Their multiple attachments and engagement are analyzed in the context of the literature in human–nonhuman animal relations and animal geographies, which helps illuminate the ways in which horses have shaped Traveller geographies and identities, and how these associations have become politicized. The 1996 Control of Horses Act has led to greater restrictions on the keeping of horses; the impact of the loss of this animal from Traveller daily life is discussed. This research also helps fill a gap in the literature on horses and urban and rural landscapes in Ireland, which has to date largely excluded Travellers.
Taxonomic revision of Anicius Chamberlin, 1925 (Araneae: Salticidae), with five new species of jumping spiders from Mexico
Authors: GUERRERO-FUENTES DARIANA R. , FRANCKE OSCAR F.
Published: July 2019

Anicius Chamberlin, 1925 is a monotypic genus and only the male of A. dolius Chamberlin, 1925 has been described. Herein the genus is revised and the female of the type species is described for the first time; new distribution records are also provided for this species. Five new species from Mexico are described based on males and females: Anicius chiapanecus sp. nov., Anicius cielito sp. nov., Anicius faunus sp. nov., Anicius grisae sp. nov., and Anicius maddisoni sp. nov. A key for identification of males and females is given, as well as a map with distribution records of the six species.
Description of Malenchus gilanensis n. sp. from Iran
Authors: JALALINASAB PARISA , ADELDOOST YASER , ABOLAFIA JOAQUÍN , HEYDARI RAMIN
Published: July 2019

Malenchus gilanensis n. sp. is described and illustrated from wood samples from Iran. Morphologically, this new species is characterized by very small body size, cuticle with narrow annuli (0.8–0.9 μm wide at mid-body), lateral field with two lines, originating at the level of the median pharyngeal bulb valve, straight amphidial apertures (similar to members of the subgenus Telomalenchus), sunken vulva with large lateral flaps, prophasmids located almost level with to 9 annuli posterior to the vulva in females, and undeveloped adanal bursa which can be considered as an outgrowth of the lateral field in males. Malenchus gilanensis n. sp. resembles members of subgenus Telomalenchus due to the straight amphidial apertures, prophasmid position and large lateral flaps, but it differs by having two lines in the lateral fields. This new species is morphologically similar to five known species of the subgenus Malenchus: M. acarayensis, M. bryanti, M. parvus, M. nanellus and M. truncatus. The new species can be distinguished from them and other species in the subgenus by having straight amphidial apertures, two lines in the lateral fields, position of prophasmids, and having a very small and undeveloped bursa.
Security and Privacy enforced wireless mobile communication using PI-MAKA protocol design
Authors: Senthil Kumar T , Prabakaran S
Published: July 2019

The fast development of mobile networks and compact mobile devices bring attention to the users for wireless mobile communication. But providing security and protecting the privacy of users are the main challenges of wireless mobile communication. Recently, Authenticated Key Agreement protocols are used for secure and reliable communication in wireless mobile communication. However, the User-to-User Mutual Authentication and Key Agreement scheme is based on bilinear pairings, which involves relatively high computation cost when compared to elliptic curve scalar point multiplication. Hence, in this paper, we propose a Pairing-Free Identity-Based Mutual Authentication and Key Agreement protocol for wireless mobile communications. It consists of the following phases: Setup and Key generation, Mobility Management Entity authentication and Proxy Signature generation, Proxy Signature verification and User-to-User authentication. Experimental results show that Pairing-Free Identity-Based Mutual Authentication and Key Agreement attains significantly less computational and communication cost when compared to User-to-User Mutual Authentication and Key Agreement scheme.
Three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction simulations of a yarn subjected to the main nozzle flow of an air-jet weaving loom using a Chimera technique
Authors: Delcour Lucas , Peeters Jozef , Degroote Joris
Published: July 2019

In air-jet weaving looms, the main nozzle pulls the yarn from the prewinder by means of a high velocity air flow. The flexible yarn is excited by the flow and exhibits high amplitude oscillations. The motion of the yarn is important for the reliability and the attainable speed of the insertion. Fluid-structure interaction simulations calculate the interaction between the air flow and the yarn motion and could provide additional insight into yarn behavior. However, the use of an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian approach for the deforming fluid domain around a flexible yarn typically results in severe mesh degradation, vastly reducing the accuracy of the calculations or limiting the physical time that can be simulated. In this research, the feasibility of using a Chimera technique to simulate the motion of a yarn interacting with the air flow from a main nozzle was investigated. This methodology combines a fixed background grid with a moving component grid deforming along with the yarn. The component grid is, however, not constrained by the boundaries of the flow domain allowing for large deformations with limited mesh degradation. Two separate cases were investigated. In the first case, the yarn was considered to be clamped at the main nozzle inlet. For the second case, the yarn was allowed to move axially as the main nozzle pulled it from a drum storage system.
A brief review of computational analysis and experimental models of composite materials for aerospace applications
Authors: Abidin Nur MZ , Sultan Mohamed TH , Hua Lee S , Basri Adi A , Md Shah Ain U , Safri Syafiqah NA
Published: July 2019

The demand for natural fibers and natural fiber-based products has strongly increased in recent years with a projected rising trend for future years. Nowadays natural occurring fibers such as kenaf, sisal, hemp, flax, coir, bamboo, jute, etc. are widely used over synthetic fibers in reason of solving an environmental issue. Since natural fibers are renewable and biodegradable materials, products made from such materials are also environmentally friendly. New markets of composite can be widen by continuing a research and development of a natural fiber composites in the field of commercial construction, automotive and aerospace. This paper reviewed on computational analysis and experimental work of natural fiber composite which performed in aerospace industry in order to substitute the synthetic fiber composite. Comparison of computational analysis and experimental also will be revealed to show the difference of properties and performance. The information will help to provide a detail for further study in simulation analysis and experimental work of the natural fiber composite.
Children’s Fear and Pain During Medical Procedures: A Quality Improvement Study With a Humanoid Robot
Authors: Farrier Christian E. , Pearson Jacqueline D. R. , Beran Tanya N.
Published: July 2019

Background

Pediatric patients undergo a variety of painful medical procedures.

Purpose

The goal of this quality improvement study was to introduce a humanoid robot (MEDi®) programmed with strategies, such as distraction and deep breathing, at inpatient and outpatient units to determine any preliminary effects on children’s pain and fear during medical procedures.

Methods

A nonrandomized two-group pre- and posttest design was used to compare pain and fear of children before and after intervention versus standard care. A total of 46 children aged 2–15 years undergoing various medical procedures in a pediatric hospital, and their parents completed the Children’s Fear Scale and the Faces Pain Scale-Revised. The former was used both before and after the procedure, while the latter only after the procedure.

Results

Children ( n = 18), who interacted with the robot before and during a procedure, and their parents reported significantly lower levels of fear and pain than did children ( n = 28) and their parents in standard care, ps < .05.

Conclusions

The use of a humanoid robot programmed with psychological strategies to support coping may enhance children’s experiences of care for pain management.
Online Support Group Participation and Social Support: Incorporating Identification and Interpersonal Bonds
Authors: Zhu Yaguang , Stephens Keri K.
Published: July 2019

An increasing number of people with chronic diseases exchange social support using online support groups (OSGs). However, there is little understanding of group communication mechanisms that underpin the relationship between OSG participation and social support. Drawing on Prentice, Miller, and Lightdale’s common-identity and common-bond framework, we propose and test a theoretical model that explains group communication mechanisms through which members’ participation influences their perceived social support. In the process, we identified and empirically validated a three-factor solution for an OSG participation scale. Based on 356 users across 12 popular OSGs, we find that two group communication mechanisms—identification with the community and interpersonal bonds with other members—mediate the relationship between OSG participation and perceived social support. Specifically, identification has a stronger mediating effect than interpersonal bonds in the relationship between OSG participation and perceived social support. We also discuss theoretical and practical implications.
Intra-arterial idarubicin_lipiodol without embolization can provide prolonged complete response in hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Pistre Pauline , Guiu Boris , Gehin Sophie , Boulin Mathieu
Published: July 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer death. For unresectable intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma, the standard treatment is transarterial chemoembolization. To date, the overall survival at three years remains low, and there is currently no consensus about the best anticancer agent and optimal treatment regimen. We report the case of a hepatocellular carcinoma patient with a vascular contraindication to embolization who achieved a complete response after four intra-arterial infusions of idarubicin emulsified with lipiodol. The patient maintained his response over a three-year period without any hepatocellular carcinoma treatment, demonstrating the major role of the anticancer agent in the efficacy of transarterial therapies for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.
Assessing the impact of dementia inclusive environmental adjustment in the emergency department
Authors: Bracken-Scally Mairéad , Keogh Brian , Daly Louise , Pittalis Chiara , Kennelly Brendan , Hynes Geralyn , Gibb Matthew , Cole Natalie , McMahon C Geraldine , Lawlor Brian , McCarron Mary , Brady Anne-Marie
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Acute hospitals, in particular the emergency department, can be disorienting for people living with dementia. As part of a larger project to improve care for people living with dementia, dementia-inclusive modifications were made to two emergency department bays in a large acute care hospital in Ireland. Modifications to spatial configuration included noise reduction, altered lighting and the addition of an orientation aid and fixed seating for relatives.

Method

A mixed methods approach was employed with both service user and service provider perspectives explored (survey of service providers ( n = 16) and interviews with family carers ( n = 10) at one time point and interviews with service providers ( n = 8 and n = 5) and key stakeholders ( n = 3) as well as audit data (at two time points) to evaluate the impact of the modifications made to the emergency department.

Results

Orientation and navigation within the modified bays were improved though technical issues with the orientation aid were highlighted. Further user information on the functionality of the adjustable lighting would be required to maximise its benefits. This lighting and use of calming colours, together with the addition of noise-reduction bay screens, served to reduce sensory stimulation. The provision of adequate space and seating for family carers was extremely beneficial. The removal of unnecessary equipment and use of new structures to store relevant clinical equipment were other positive changes implemented. A number of challenges in the design development of the modified bays were highlighted, as well as ongoing broader environmental challenges within the emergency department environment.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that the modified bays contributed positively to the experience of people living with dementia and their families in the emergency department.
Emotion-enhanced binding of numerical information in younger and older adults
Authors: Siegel Alexander LM , Graup Rachel S , Castel Alan D
Published: July 2019

There are documented deficits in older adults’ abilities to bind numerical information to other types of information, perhaps due to the arbitrariness and specificity of numbers. Although some studies have found that memory for associative details is more accurate for emotionally salient information than for emotionally neutral information, other research has failed to find this benefit. We investigated whether older adults’ associative memory deficit for numerical information may be reduced when information is encountered in an emotionally salient context. We presented younger and older adults with numerical information in a sentence that was emotionally positive, negative, or neutral and later asked them to recall the numbers when given their corresponding context. Although younger adults recalled more information than older adults, both groups of participants recalled more numbers in emotionally valenced as compared with emotionally neutral contexts, with the most accurate memory for numbers in the highly arousing negative context. Both groups of participants also rated the negative information as more important and easier to remember. These results provide evidence that emotion-enhanced binding is consistent between younger and older adults in some contexts and that memory for specific and arbitrary numerical information may be more accurate in an emotionally salient as compared with emotionally neutral context.
Garments for functional electrical stimulation: Design and proofs of concept
Authors: Moineau Bastien , Marquez-Chin Cesar , Alizadeh-Meghrazi Milad , Popovic Milos R
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Repeated use of functional electrical stimulation can promote functional recovery in individuals with neurological paralysis. We designed garments able to deliver functional electrical stimulation.

Methods

Shirts and pants containing electrodes knitted with a conductive yarn were produced. Electrodes were moistened with water before use. Stimulation intensity at four thresholds levels (sensory, movement, full range of motion, and maximal), stimulation comfort, and electrical properties of the interface were tested in one able-bodied subject with garment electrodes and size-matched conventional gel electrodes. The pants and shirt were then used to explore usability and design limitations.

Results

Compared to gel electrodes, fabric electrodes had a lower sensory threshold (on forearm muscles) but they had a higher maximal stimulation threshold (for all tested muscles). The stimulation delivery was comfortable when the garment electrodes were recently moistened; however, as the electrodes dried (within 9 to 18 min) stimulation became unpleasant. Inconsistent water content in the fabric electrodes caused inconsistent intensity thresholds and inconsistent voltage necessary to apply a desired stimulation current. Garments’ tightness and impracticality of electrode lead necessitate further design improvement.

Conclusions

Fabric electrodes offer a promising alternative to gel electrodes. Further work involving people with paralysis is required to overcome the identified challenges.
Equity Achieved? A Longitudinal Examination of Biological Sex Representation in the NBC Olympic Telecast (2000–2018)
Authors: Billings Andrew , Angelini James
Published: July 2019

This report focuses on (a) how National Broadcasting Company’s (NBC) primetime Olympic telecasts have presented athletes competing as male and female, specifically in relation to the 2018 Pyeonchang Winter Olympic coverage and (b) how the Pyeongchang coverage fits into a longitudinal analysis of the past two decades of NBC’s coverage. Results show that women athletes received the majority of clock-time and name mentions during the 2018 coverage of the games, continuing a trend toward increased focus on women’s sports and athletics over the two-decade composite. The fact that American women are also winning a higher proportion of the medals at the Olympics is argued to be the most primary driver of this change over time. Implications and ramifications of the findings are also extrapolated.