bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rubrik Nursing Clinical Exercise: Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Kompetensi Klinis Pada Pendidikan Klinik Keperawatan
Authors: Sumiyarrini Retno , Rahayu Gandes Retno , Suhoyo Yoyo
Published: May 2021

Background: Clinical Skills is a fundamental ability that must be mastered by the newly graduated nurses. Therefore, assessment of clinical competence is essential to be considered by educators and education managers. It needs a valid assessment instrument, which is reliable and impactful on learning the process by giving a structured feedback so that qualified graduates can be produced. Some assessment instruments in the clinical nursing education have less evidence of validity and reliability and less feasible, so it requires a development of clinical assessment instruments. This study aims to develop a clinical assessment instrument in the nursing clinic and to test the content validity. Method: This study used a qualitative research design that includes drafting through literature review and expert review by the expert panel.Results: The process of drafting and reviewing produces a rubric named Nursing Clinical Exercise (NCEx) made of six domains consisting the assessment of subjective data, physical examination, diagnosis formulation, treatment planning formulation, communication and interpersonal relationships, and professionalism. The value of content validity is good (CVR of the entire domain = 1)Conclusion: The NCEx Rubric consists of six domains and has good content validity.
Penerapan Self-Directed Learning Melalui Sistem PBL Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran di Asia: Suatu Kajian Literatur
Authors: Meity Nur , Prihatiningsih Titi Savitri , Suryadi Efrayim
Published: May 2021

Background: Medical student need to develop self-directed learning skills in order to promote life-long learning skill which important for medical professionality.  Rate of progression and innovation in science along with future medical world challenge incresingly strengthen self-directed learning and life-long learning as something that need to be noted.  The importance of SDL can be discerned   when American Board of Medical Specialties and World Federation for Medical Education put it as something that need to be evaluate in medical student during their time of study. The aims of this study is to gain explanation about self-directed learning implementation through PBL system and self-directed learning readiness in medical institutions in Asia.Method: This study is a literature review, that is a study been held by searching, collect, analyze and summarize a number of articles concerning  self-directed learning implementation through problem-based learning to medical students in Asia.Results: Self-directed learning readiness medical students in Asia is found inferior, especially in first year students. In addition, self-directed learning implementation for Asian context, found  that influence of lecturer exceedingly intense, where the right insight of self-directed learning will have an impact to succeed it implementation. Moreover, self-directed learning acquaintance have to be accompanied with accurate human resources management as well as support of facility and infrastructure, where the successfulness of self-directed learning implementation required entailment  and commitment of all party.
THE ROLE OF MOBILE INSTANT MESSENGER AS SUPPORTIVE PLATFORM FOR MEDICAL CAREER INTERVENTION
Authors: Syakurah Rizma Adlia , Prabandari Yayi Suryo , Widyandana Doni , Kumara Amitya
Published: May 2021

Background: Career intervention in medical students is an activity meant to increase awareness and early exposure on various medical careers. Utilization of technology as a support to career intervention model offers a novel approach that might optimize the exposure and quality of the intervention and can be developed as a safe and non-judgemental environment for the students to talk about career-related topics. Aims: This study aimed to determine the use of mobile instant messenger as a supportive tool for medical career intervention. Learning Media Review: LineTM is a mobile instant messenger platform that is used to communicate and send messages using the internet. This platform provides voice and video calls, text messages, polls, and other features such as: stickers, photos, videos, voice messages, and location. These features can be accessed free of charge by users. This article uses discussion and participatory observation methods for three weeks. Thirty six (n=36) first-year medical students that were joining a career introduction course were placed into on online group, a LineTM group, led by two facilitators to guide their daily discussion. The responses are voluntary and they were encouraged to express themselves freely without any topic restriction whatsoever throughout the sessions. Online transcripts were then coded according to recurring topics and themes that came up during their discussions. Eight themes were identified from the discussion and categorised into three: 3 major categories, 2 intermediate and 3 minor. Major themes identified were role model, non-academic career information, and clinical clerkship. This study show maximum engagement of 26 participants on first day with maximum discussion length in one topic of three hours during career-related topics. Conclusion: Mobile instant messaging is considered useful in supporting a medical career intervention, especially in providing career information and carrying a momentum for career-related discussion. It is further stated that the role of online facilitator as a peer mentor is major in providing quality discussion, a safe environment, and accurate source of information to the students.
ENHANCING STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION: THE EFFECT OF A STRUCTURED ORAL EXAMINATION IN BASIC CLINICAL SKILLS TRAINING
Authors: Utami Ratih Yulistika , Mirzatillah Oppi , Isnayanti Desi , Assuyuthi Chalil M. Jalaluddin
Published: May 2021

Background: Basic Clinical Skills (BCS) is one of the learning methods in medical education that acts as an intermediary bridge to apply procedural knowledge and clinical competency for medical students. Medical educators have successfully used many ways to assess students’ abilities, both oral and written. Oral examinations have vast advantages compared to other assessment methods. However, no standardization of questions to be tested becomes an essential issue in the assessment process. A structured oral examination may increase students’ motivation to prepare themselves better to study the material before following BCS training. This study aimed to determine the effect of a structured oral examination on students’ motivation and identify students’ motivation. Methods: This quasi-experimental research used a pretest-posttest design to assess the effect of applying the structured oral examination on students’ motivation. The subject of this study was the third-year medical students that amounted to 109 students. Sample selection was made by total sampling. In this study, the authors used SMQ-II questionnaires to measure the students’ motivation. Results: This research showed significant differences between student motivation on pretest and posttest (p-value of 0,000) after the students were given the structured oral examination at the beginning of basic clinical skills training. It means the structured oral examination affected students’ motivation. Conclusion: The structured oral examination administered for students before entering BCS learning processes had a significant impact on the students’ motivation. The preparation and the regulation of the structured oral examination on the BCS learning processes should be reinforced to motivate the students and make them more skillful
IDENTIFIKASI MOTIVASI DAN DUKUNGAN YANG DIPERLUKAN MAHASISWA RETAKER UJI KOMPETENSI MAHASISWA PROGRAM PROFESI DOKTER
Authors: Romadhoni Romadhoni , Retno Rahayu Gandes , Khoiriyah Umatul
Published: May 2021

Background: Medical students who experience failure in the final exam are around 10%. In Indonesia, there are students who failed to pass the competency test for medical profession program students (UKMPPD) until 14 times. The impact of this failure is the occurence of mental health disorder. Students need support more than guidance on clinical knowledge and skills. This study aimed to identify the motivation and support needed by the UKMPPD retaker students in the effort to achieve graduation Methods: This research is a qualitative research with phenomenological approach, the data was obtained by in-depth interview and focus group discussion (FGD). This research was followed by 16 respondents. The data analysis was conducted by thematic analysis method. Results: Identified intrinsic motivation predictor originated from learning independence, relation, and low competence. The extrinsic motivation predictors are originated from external regulation, that is UKMPPD regulation. The motivation predictor is originated from anxiety and study period limit. The support needed by the respondents from medical schools are in the form of psychological approach, absolving the retaker students from selection tests, providing form of selection tests that compatible with the blueprint and rules of UKMPPD multiple choice question, also giving the opportunity to pass with other exam methods. Conditions of motivation can change with the factors that influence it. Changes in motivational conditions that may occur are an increase in motivational conditions, decreased motivational conditions, or persistent motivational conditions. Conclusion: The motivation condition of retaker students is amotivated and motivated (external and internal motivation). Support from medical school that can increase motivation is given to students to keep their motivation level.
ANALYSIS OF PROGRESS TEST RESULTS IN MEDICAL FACULTY STUDENTS
Authors: Simaremare Ade Pryta Romanauli
Published: May 2021

Background: Assessment of learning outcomes is an important evaluation material to show how the teaching and learning process has been carried out. It can be obtained from formative and summative assessment, then students are given feedback from these results. One method for formative evaluation is a progress test. During the implementation at the HKBP Nommensen University Faculty of Medicine, there had never been an analysis of the results of the Progress Test activity. This study was conducted for analysing of the results of the Progress Test held in the even semester of the 2018/2019 academic year. Methods: This study used an observational descriptive design with cross sectional method. The sample were all students of the Faculty of Medicine who were actively studying in the even semester of the 2018/2019 Academic Year totaling 215 subjects. Item analysis was done on the questions for basic and clinical medicine category by the level of difficulty and the discrimination index based on students’ study period. Results: Students passing rate that attended the progress test in this study were very low. However, the score achieved by the students increased along with the length of students’ study period. Item analysis resulted the difficulty level majority at the medium level, and the discrimination index majority at the poor level for both the basic and clinical medicine science category. Conclusion: Progress testing can be used as a tool to help curriculum designer see the development of students’ knowledge skills both individually and in population.
ANATOMY VISUAL LEARNING: A NEW MODALITY TO ENHANCE NEUROANATOMY LEARNING IN FIRST-YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Sasanthy , Ramadhan Mochamad Iskandarsyah Agung , Margiana Ria , Wiyarta Elvan , Sutanto Reynardi , Liem Isabella Kurnia
Published: May 2021

Background: In gaining knowledge and comprehension of neuroanatomy, medical students require not only memorizing the anatomical structures but also understanding the spatial relationships. Along with the cadaver prosection usage, we proposed an anatomy visualization learning (AVL) as possible modality to fulfill this need, yet this has to be proven. This study aimed to know whether AVL can improve student knowledge in neuroanatomy and give a positive perception to the student. Methods: A quantitative and qualitative studies were performed to the first-year medical students (n=46) of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia who were randomly divided into two groups, an interventional (n=23) and a control (n=23) group. Both groups enrolled in the neuroanatomy learning module, with additional two sessions (two hours/session) of AVL using 3D anatomy visualization table for the intervention group. Quantitative study to know the knowledge improvement was done by comparing the pre-test, post-test and gain scores between groups. Student’s perception of the learning method was done using a questionnaire on a Likert scale. Qualitative study was done using open questions. Results: The median value of the pre-test score (8 [0-30] vs. 4 [0-42]; p=0.869) and the post-test scores (44 [30-82] vs. 40 [8-84]; p=0.068) between the interventional vs control group were not different. Nevertheless, the interventional group gained higher scores than the control group (41.6±18.06 vs. 29.8±20.47; CI 95%; p<0.05). Participants (the interventional group) had a positive perception about the AVL usage for neuroanatomy learning. Conclusion: AVL can be considered as a new approach modality for neuroanatomy learning.
THE USE OF ONLINE VIDEO SIMULATION ON STUDENT’S COMPETENCE, MOTIVATION AND ANXIETY LEVEL
Authors: Rochmawati Erna , Haris Fahni , Yulianti Sutrisno Resti , Noviani Wulan
Published: May 2021

Background: Nursing student often experience anxiety and lack of motivation during their training program particularly during examination, and this may affect the achievement of learning outcomes. Teaching methods that might increase motivation and potentially increase learning outcomes have been developed, including video simulation and online learning. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of integrating video simulation into online learning on students’ motivation, anxiety level and competence. Methods: A pre-test/post-test one group design was utilized. Two video simulations containing nursing skills were integrated into the e-learning system which can be accessed for three weeks by 76 respondents who took Basic Nursing course. The level of motivation and anxiety were measured before and after the intervention, while the competence was measured after the intervention. Results: The majority of students passed the skills examination. This study indicates a significant increase of students’ motivation after the intervention (p value < 0.001), but the level of anxiety among respondents increased. Conclusion: The integration of video simulation into e-learning system can enhance student’s skills performance and motivation. Although there is also an increase in anxiety, findings of the study can be applied to other subjects and nursing skills with attention to aspects that cause student anxiety.
THE CHALLENGE OF IMPLEMENTING ONLINE INTERPROFESSIONAL EDUCATION FOR UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Riskiyana Rilani
Published: May 2021

Background: Interprofessional education (IPE) is undergoing vast development recently. Online learning has been proven to help overcoming the barriers that were commonly found in traditional IPE. However, the management of online learning in IPE is not well understood. The study identified challenges in online learning in IPE as well as recommendations for better program implementation. Methods: A literature review was performed using several keywords including “online learning”, “blended learning”, “interprofessional education”, “challenges”, and “obstacles”. The databases included EBSCOHost, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Sciencedirect. A narrative analysis was performed to meet the review objective. Results: The identified challenges in establishing online learning for IPE were categorized according to each phase, i.e. planning and implementation. Seven categories of challenge were highlighted. The recommendations to overcome each challenge were also discussed for better implementation in the future. Conclusion: Understanding the possible challenge in each phase of developing online learning for IPE could minimize the potential disruption in achieving the learning objective. Gaining support as well as faculty trainings are crucial to ensure the program sustainability
EXPLORATORY STUDY ON MEDICAL GRADUATES WITH NONCLINICIANS CAREER
Authors: Rukmini Elisabeth , Bogar Kevin Jonathan
Published: May 2021

Background: Medical graduates have diverse career choices. Various factors trigger the motivation and interest of alumni to choose non-clinician careers. Research towards medical graduates who chose non-clinician careers was less than doctors with clinicians. This study aims to explore the reasons for choosing non-clinicians as careers for medical graduates. Methods: This research is a descriptive exploratory study. A total of 10 medical alumni subjects, batch 2011, were selected through purposive sampling. They were rich in information. We performed semi-structured interviews to collect qualitative data. Data were analyzed using content analysis. To ensure transferability and dependability of the data, we performed inter-raters meetings and an audit trail. Triangulation between three inter-raters was administered to get an inter-rater agreement. An external auditor performed an audit trail after the data analysis. Results: This study discussed the reasons for choosing non-clinician careers for medical graduates. Three main themes influence the graduates’ reasons: (1) motivation, (2) experiences, and (3) comparative factors between clinician and non-clinician careers. The motivation could be divided into internal and external motivation. Strong motivation, together with experiences, form a firm decision to take non-clinician careers. When comparing clinician and non-clinician careers, subjects mentioned the condition, including financial situation, risk factors, and seniority. Conclusion: The reasons for choosing non-clinician careers related closely to subjects’ motivation, experiences, and comparative factors between careers as clinicians versus non-clinicians. This research showed the importance of medical education to prepare students for mentorship, the risks factor of and the career choices of clinicians and non-clinicians
Understanding Deception Tactics with the Utilization of Dating Applications
Authors: Arca Nicole Claire , Halston Abby , Chun Hans , Allen Joseph
Published: May 2021

This study investigated the relationship between the utilization of deceptive tactics and dating applications. The Machiavellian IV Scale, Taxonomy of Deceptive Mating Acts, and Tactics Scale were analyzed and used to gather information from participants’ experiences from online dating. An Independent T-test sample test evaluated the statistical differences between gender and the likely use of deception. One-Way ANOVA determined statistical differences between age groups and their relationship to the use of deception. Pearson correlation assessed the correlation between the numbers of dating applications owned by a single individual to their use of deception. The findings of this study encompass the guiding theories of Hyperpersonal Communication Theory and Evolutionary Theory. The null hypothesis stating that there is no relationship between gender and age to the likelihood use of deception, and the level of Machiavellianism was supported. The experimental hypothesis stating that there is a positive correlation in owning multiple dating applications to increased use of deceptive tactics was supported.
Flaxseed oil (Linum Usitatissimum) attenuates restraint stress-induced depressive-like behavior: Upregulation of neurotrophic factors in CA1 region of hippocampus
Authors: Talei Sahand , Mokhtari Tahmineh , Asadi Ilia , Arab Leila , Hassanzadeh Negar , Hosseinjani Emadoddin , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza
Published: May 2021

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-depressant effects of FS oil on the depressive-like behavior following immobility stress in mice.

Methods: In this study, 32 male mice were divided into four groups: Control group; FS oil group; Model group: The immobility stress (using falcon for 20 day, 6 hours a day) + feeding with normal saline by oral gavage for another 20 days); Model+FS group: The immobility stress + feeding with 0.2 ml/kg of FS oil by oral gavage for another 20 days. At the end, all mice were evaluated with tail suspension test (TST) and sacrificed through cardiac puncture method. The brain was isolated and prepared for molecular and histopathological studies.

Results: The gene expression and protein level of BGNF and GDNF were significantly increased in FS oil treated groups (P<0.05). In microscopic evaluations, the number of dead neurons significantly deceased in FS group (P<0.05). TST results showed a significant decrease in immobility time and depressive-like behaviors in FS oil treated group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: FS oil feeding may be effective in treatment of depressive like disorders through its anti-oxidative and neurotrophic promoting features. Therefore, it can be used as an appropriate alternative choice in daily diet to prevent depression in clinical investigations.
Simultaneously estimating food web complexity and structure with uncertainty
Authors: Gupta Anubhav , Petchey Owen
Published: May 2021

1) Food web models explain and predict the trophic interactions in a
food web, and they can infer missing interactions among the organisms.
The allometric diet breadth model (ADBM) is a food web model based on
the foraging theory. In the ADBM the foraging parameters are
allometrically scaled to body sizes of predators and prey. In Petchey et
al. (2008), the parameterisation of the ADBM had two limitations: (a)
the model parameters were point estimates, and (b) food web connectance
was not estimated. 2) The novelty of our current approach is: (a) we
consider multiple predictions from the ADBM by parameterising it with
approximate Bayesian computation, to estimate parameter distributions
and not point estimates. (b) Connectance emerges from the
parameterisation, by measuring model fit using the true skill statistic,
which takes into account prediction of both the presences and absences
of links. 3) We fit the ADBM using approximate Bayesian computation to
16 observed food webs from a wide variety of ecosystems. Connectance was
consistently overestimated in the new parameterisation method. In some
of the food webs, considerable variation in estimated parameter
distributions occurred, and resulted in considerable variation (i.e.
uncertainty) in predicted food web structure. 4) We conclude that the
observed food web data is likely missing some trophic links that do
actually occur, and that the ADBM likely predicts some links that do not
exist. The latter could be addressed by accounting in the ADBM for
additional traits other than body size. Further work could also address
the significance of uncertainty in parameter estimates for predicted
food web responses to environmental change.
A fracture equation of mixed mode cracks
Authors: yan xiangqiao
Published: May 2021

On the basis of the multiaxial fatigue limit equation by Liu and Yan, a
fracture equation of mixed mode crack is proposed in this note. By means
of the test data on the mixed crack fracture reported in literature, the
fracture equation has been verified to be not only simple in computation
but also high in accuracy.
Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics unravel the extensive transfer of bioactive compounds between rye and neighboring plants
Authors: Hazrati Hossein , Fomsgaard Inge , Ding Ling , Kudsk Per
Published: May 2021

Translocation of metabolites between different plant species provides
important hints in understanding the fate of bioactive root exudates. In
the present study, targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry-based
metabolomics was applied to elucidate the transfer of bioactive
compounds between rye and several crops and weed species. Our results
demonstrated that benzoxinoids (BXs) synthesized by rye were taken up by
roots of neighboring plant species and translocated into their shoots.
Furthermore, we showed roots of the rye plant took up compounds
originating from neighboring plants. Among the compounds taken up by rye
roots, wogonin was detected in the rye shoot, which indicates the
root-to-shoot translocation of this compound. Elucidating the transfer
of bioactive compounds between plants is essential for understanding
plant-plant interactions, developing natural pesticides and
understanding their modes of action.
PEMAHAMAN SISWA TENTANG APLIKASI KONSEP SUHU DAN KALOR YANG BERKAITAN DENGAN KOMPUTER
Authors: Mustofa Zainul
Published: May 2021

Berbeda dengan level pendidikan menengah lainnya, pembelajaran fisika di SMK Teknik memiliki kewajiban lebih yaitu untuk mengintegrasikan konsep-konsep fisika dalam bidang keahliannya. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemahaman siswa terkait aplikasi konsep suhu dan kalor yang berkaitan dengan komputer. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 36 siswa teknik komputer dan jaringan (TKJ), SMK Al Munawwariyyah Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa telah memahami aplikasi konsep suhu dan kalor yang berkaitan dengan komputer lebih dari 80%. Aplikasi konsep yang telah mereka pahami antara lain persamaan kalor dan maknanya, jenis perpindahan kalor dan dampaknya, dan identifikasi permasalahan komputer yang berkaitan dengan kalor (troubleshooting).
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ALAT PERAGA PADA MATERI KONVERSI ENERGI GERAK MENJADI ENERGI LISTRIK UNTUK SISWA SMA KELAS X
Authors: Alifteria Faradila Aulia , Anggaryani Mita Anggaryani
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan validitas media kognitif untuk menjelaskan konsep konversi energi. Metode penelitian menggunakan ADDIE yang terdiri dari 5 aspek yaitu: analisis, perancangan, pengembangan, implementasi, evaluasi, dengan batasan implementasi pada skala uji laboratorium. Penelitian ini memuat tujuh prosedur pengembangan, yaitu: (1) desain (2) analisis; (3) revisi; (4) uji laboratorium; (5) analisis data; (6) laporan dan (7) validasi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah uji alat peraga dan uji validasi. Teknik pengolahan data yang digunakan adalah analisis hasil tes alat peraga dan validitas alat peraga menggunakan skala likert yang divalidasi oleh dua orang dosen ahli, dua orang guru fisika SMA dan dua alumni program studi pendidikan fisika. Kesimpulan dari analisis dan pembahasan uji alat peraga menunjukkan bahwa alat peraga dapat mengubah energi dari gerak menjadi energi listrik mengikuti teori yang diajarkan. Beberapa faktor yang menunjukkan gejala konversi energi gerak menjadi energi listrik, sehingga cocok digunakan sebagai alat peraga dan alat praktikum fisika pada materi konversi energi kelas X SMA. Hasil uji validitas menunjukkan bahwa alat peraga layak digunakan dengan hasil validasi 90% (sangat valid).
STUDI LITERATUR : ANALISIS PRAKTIK PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA DI SMA UNTUK MELATIH KETERAMPILAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH
Authors: Ayudha Churoni Fryda Hajar , Setyarsih Woro
Published: May 2021

Pemecahan masalah (problem solving) merupakan salah satu keterampilan yang wajib dimiliki peserta didik di abad 21, terutama pada mata pelajaran fisika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis indikator yang digunakan pada keterampilan pemecahan masalah, menganalisis praktik pembelajaran (model, media pembelajaran, dan materi) fisika yang dapat melatih keterampilan pemecahan masalah peserta didik tingkat SMA, dan menganalisis penyebab peserta didik kesulitan memecahkan masalah fisika. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan studi literatur dengan analisis bibliometrik. Data penelitian diperoleh dari 21 artikel yang diseleksi melalui Publish or Perish yang terindikasi Scopus dari tahun 2016-2020 dalam bentuk article journal dan conference paper. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa 15 penulis artikel memenuhi empat indikator keterampilan pemecahan masalah menurut G. Polya, yaitu memahami masalah, merencanakan penyelesaian, menyelesaikan masalah sesuai rencana, dan melakukan pengecekan kembali terhadap semua langkah dan melakukan evaluasi. Berdasarkan hasil kajian studi literatur didapatkan beberapa rekomendasi model pembelajaran yang dapat melatih keterampilan pemecahan masalah, yaitu model pembelajaran dengan pendekatan saintifik yang menekankan pada student centered learning dan bantuan media teknologi, seperti PBL, pembelajaran inkuiri, PjBL, dan pembelajaran kolaboratif, terutama pada materi mekanika. Hasil lain didapatkan faktor utama penyebab peserta didik kesulitan memecahkan masalah fisika adalah guru masih menggunakan metode pembelajaran konvensional.
How Economists Ignored the Spanish Flu Pandemic in 1918–1920
Authors: Boianovsky Mauro , Erreygers Guido
Published: May 2021

The current Covid-19 pandemic has attracted significant attention from epidemiologists and economists alike. This differs from the 1918–1920 Spanish influenza pandemic, when academic economists hardly paid attention to its economic features, despite its very high death toll. We examine the reasons for that by contrasting the ways epidemiologists and economists reacted to the Spanish flu at the time and shortly after the pandemic. We also explore, but less extensively, some economic and epidemiologic writings during the twenty-five years that followed.
Wuhan Lockdown: Reflections on the Public Health and Urban Space of COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors:   School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China, Huang Qiqi , Chen Yiyong ,   School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
Published: May 2021

During the outbreak of COVID-19, Wuhan had been first imposed lockdown measures from January 23 to April 8, 2020. After that, no new cases emerged from Hubei Province, and China achieved the first-staged victory in containing the epidemic. As the COVID-19 became a pandemic, Wuhan lockdown has inspired countries around the world. Under the framework of China’s public health system and urban space, this paper combines the data on responses in global affected areas, analyzes the global influence and inspirations of Wuhan lockdown, and compares and contrasts lockdowns and the compound systems in virus epicenter metropolitan areas in China with those in US, Italy and Japan. Finally, the paper proposes a new perspective of "Isolation of metropolitan areas" under the region-city-community networks, to discuss how to create a sustainable and healthy life for mankind by cooperation among the public health system, urban space and social value.
Characterization and Valorization of Dietary Fibre Concentrate from Parthenocarpic Date Fruits
Authors: Hamza Hammadi , Jemni Monia , Bazmi Ali , Bazmi Ali , Tombari Tarek , Naggaz Kameleddine
Published: May 2021

Parthenocarpic date fruits are good sources of antioxidant and fibre, which could be changed into valuable by-products. There is no attempt to use it in technological processes and could provide a natural additive to enhance the quality of the product. In this study, fibre concentrate from partenocarpic dates (FCPD) was extracted, dried, and characterized. Two drying techniques, namely oven and freeze drying, were carried out, and then the FCPD were characterized. Thereafter, its ability to substitute flour in muffins was studied.

The freeze-drying gave the highest yield of FCPD revealing lignin richness but cellulose and hemicellulose insufficiency. Drying techniques gave similar FCPD WHC and OHC but antioxidant capacity was higher in the case of freeze-dried fibre. Electronic microscopy showed that the more FCPD was introduced in the flour, the more the muffin crumb contained disrupted matrices. This could enhance the muffin freshness by improving the moisture retention. Moreover, although flour substitution by FCPD increased muffin volume and its OHC value, its WHC, moisture, mineral and sugar contents were not affected. Calorific value, phenol content and antioxidant activity were greater in the case of muffins with 5% of freeze-dried FCPD. Sensory analyses showed that fibre-enriched muffins had good scores as the control ones.

In this study, we used oasis raw materials with good source of fibres and antioxidant capacity that could be used in the production of high value-added foods. Additionally, the research demonstrated that freeze-dried FCPD flour fortification enhances the physicochemical characteristics of the muffin. The parthenocarpic date fruits is an agricultural residue with interested chemical and functional properties that could be undertaken in food process industries.
Design and Development of A First- and Second-Generation Balanced Scorecard in a Company in the South of Guanajuato
Authors: Mata Sandra Vianey , Serrato Roberto Baeza
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this article is the development of a first and second generation in a manufacturing company in southern Guanajuato. For the development of the first generation BSC, a strategy was identified based on the company´s vision, which consists of making deliveries in the shortest time possible. Strategic objectives were determined in each of the four perspectives: financial, customers, internal processes, and learning and growth. The perspective is highlighted: Financial and Internal Processes, with the strategic objectives: “Reduce the number of returns so as not to reduce the utility of the company” and “Reduce the percentage of failures un the design of the boxes to deliver quality products to the customers”. The goals and indicators were established, as well as at least four initiatives that will help us in the fulfillment of each of the objectives. Subsequently, 3 strategic objectives are identified for each of the perspectives, these objectives are connected through a cause-effect relationship. The main one being: “Increase the speed of delivery of orders to generate reliability in customers”. Once the objectives have been identified, the series of activities to be carried out to meet these goals are described, and with this the second generation BSC is developed. Finally, a management tool is obtained that allow the company to comply with the proposed strategy.
The effect of personal values on employee’s innovative behavior in Vietnamese enterprisesThe Effect of Personal Values on Employee’s Innovative Behavior in Vietnamese Enterprises
Authors: Le Thi Thu Phuong , Phan Thi Ha Phuong , Hoang Thi Ngoc Quynh , Nguyen Thi Phuong Linh
Published: May 2021

Innovative behavior is becoming increasingly important, especially when the world has witnessed the rapid growth of start-up companies. The purpose of this research is to measure the impact of 10 kinds of personal values on innovative behavior of employees, based on Schwart’s theory of basic values to build the research framework. A total of 455 Vietnamese respondents from different companies participated in this study. The type of this research is a quantitative research and we used SPSS 22.0 to analyze the data used in this study. The result showed that universalism and benevolence positively affected employee’s innovative behavior. Whereas the other values were found to have no significance of innovative behavior in our research.
Content of Antenatal Education and Modalities of Delivery among Nurses in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Akinwaare Margaret O. , Oyebode Arinade O. , Brown Victoria B. , Ogunniran Abiodun A. , Adeleye Khadijat K.
Published: May 2021

Background: There is no structured content and modalities for the delivery of antenatal education in Nigerian healthcare institutions. Hence, the lack of knowledge on salient issues that are pivotal to survival of mothers and their babies among childbearing women. This study assessed the contents and mode of delivery of antenatal education from the perspective of care providers.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted using structured questionnaire developed by the researchers for data collection. One hundred and ten nurses were recruited across various healthcare institutions in Oyo state, Nigeria to participate in the study.

Results: The mean age of the nurses is 39.7 with standard deviation of 10.1. About half (43.6%) of them have first degree in Nursing, while one-third (31.8%) are at the lower cadre of Nursing (Nursing officer II). The most common five topics taught by the nurses as reported are; hygiene (98.2%), diet (84.6%), immunization (31.8%), birth preparedness (31.8%), and breastfeeding (28.2%). The most common mode of delivery is face-to-face teaching (98.2%) while e-teaching is least employed (20.9%). Pictures (87.3%) and posters (79.1%) are the most common materials used for teaching while majority (72.7%) provide fliers as teaching materials to their clients. Majority (98.2%) of the nurses’ state that they provide antenatal education to serve as learning forum for their clients, however, very few (17.3%) stated that they provide antenatal education to keep their clients busy while waiting for doctor’s consultation.

Conclusion: There is no structured content for antenatal education being offered to pregnant women during antenatal clinic. However, every pregnant woman attending antenatal clinic will benefit from balanced information that will enhance positive pregnancy outcome from her care provider. Hence the need for structured content and modalities of delivery of antenatal education in Nigeria.
Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome (TASS)
Authors: Dahi Sidi , Khamaily Mehdi , Salem Joumany Brahim , Akioud Wafae , Brarou Houda , Abdellaoui Taoufik , Mouzari Yassine , Reda Karim , Oubaaz Abdelbarre
Published: May 2021

Cataract surgery is ranked among the most frequent operations, affecting a population over 65 years of age.Its prognosis is often favorable, however, there are rare complications including inflammation of the anterior segment known as Anterior Segment Toxicity Syndrome . the majority of our patients were men and diabetes appear in almost half and all our patients present various symptoms the first 24 hours dominated by the attack of the anterior segment our therapeutic attitude consists in the use of corticosteroids and hypotonizers with a good evolution in the majority of patients.
Medical School Applicants’ Online Interviews during COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Husni Mariwan , Sequeira Reginald , Deifalla Abdelhalim
Published: May 2021

Background: For many years, the primary criterion used to select medical school applicants worldwide has been cognitive measures of high school educational attainment. Yet academic assessment alone may not necessarily select the candidates who possess the behavioral or non-cognitive attributes thought important in medical students and doctors: honesty, integrity, flexibility, motivation, willingness to cooperate, managing emotions, self-esteem, control, leadership skills, resilience personal values, confidence, empathy, conscientiousness, and social accountability. There is evidence that significant relationship exists between both cognitive and non-cognitive variables and students’ performance in medical school. The challenge posed by the current pandemic of covid19 is that all admission interviews are now carried out via video.

Method: In video interviews for admission to our Arabian Gulf University, the applicants were asked standardized questions under four main domains: motivation and commitment to medicine, handling stress and ethical dilemma, social skills, and responsibility as well as self-presentation. Each of these domains was given a Likert score ranging from one to five. Scores 1 and 2 indicated unsatisfactory performance, while scores 3, 4 and 5 indicated fair, good, and excellent, respectively. Each panel member scored each applicant independently. This creates the data bases for statistical analyses.

Results and Discussion: The feedback from staff and students was so far positive, however, statistical results need a longitudinal follow-up of at least one decade: we do not have statistics showing to what extent the selection criteria for admission have a predictive validity for successfully completing the MD program and performing as a medical doctor.

Conclusions: Transitioning medical school interviews to a virtual setting beyond the restrictions of COVID-19 would allow eliminating travel expenses and cost saving for applicants.
Symptom Profile of Injured Motorists on the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology
Authors: Cernovsky Zack Z.
Published: May 2021

Background: Recent extensive content analyses demonstrated that the items of the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS) have no capacity to differentiate malingerers from legitimate medical patients: all items list or assess legitimate medical symptoms. We examined which SIMS items are the most frequently endorsed by injured motorists. Method: De-identified archival data of 23 survivors (mean age=38.0, SD=12.8) of high impact motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) contained their SIMS scores, their responses to the Brief Pain Inventory, Morin’s Insomnia Severity Index, Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire, and to the Post-MVA Neurological Symptoms scale. Results: All SIMS items which were endorsed by more than 43% of the patients in the directions scored by the SIMS as indicative of “malingering” were selected. Twenty-five items met this criterion. On a closer examination, all these 25 items are legitimate psychological and neuropsychological symptoms typically experienced by injured motorists, such as depression, impaired sleep, and postconcussive symptoms (memory and concentration problems, impaired balance) and whiplash symptoms (numbness in the limbs, instances of reduced muscular control over some of the limbs). Discussion and Conclusions: The 25 endorsed items are consistent with the polytraumatic symptom profile of injured patients. In a travesty of psychological assessment, these symptoms are scored in the SIMS as denoting “malingering”.
Notable Variants of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Naji Hassan
Published: May 2021

The current coronavirus pandemic has brought many deaths and affected economies around the world. The causative agent of COVID-19 is identified as SARS-CoV-2, a close relative to SARS-CoV that caused an outbreak of severe acute respiratory distress in 2002-2003. During the course of the pandemic, there has been many reports of mutations that occurred to SARS-CoV-2 with several lineages that has been identified around the globe. In this paper, a summary of the notable variants of SARS-CoV-2 is discussed.
A Case Report on Genetic Analysis of Exon2 of Thyroid Transcription Factor 2 Gene in Congenital Hypothyroidism Patient
Authors: Khatun Marjia , Banu Laila Anjuman
Published: May 2021

A-3-year- old Bangladeshi pediatric patient named Tasin was presented with a diagnosed case of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). This type of hypothyroidism may occur due to the alteration in the nucleotide sequences of the Thyroid transcription factor 2 gene. Few studies are present on the genetic basis of this disease. CH is common in Bangladesh, may be due to geographical variation or other causes. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify whether there was any genetic alteration in the exon2 of Thyroid transcription factor 2 gene.

With due procedure and permission from the guardian of the pediatric patient, socio-demographic data was collected. Isolation of DNA, quantitation and qualitation of DNA was ensured, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed, the amplicons that was obtained from PCR; validated visually by gel electrophoresis methods; cycle sequencing was performed by Sanger sequencing. The chromatogram data that was obtained from Sanger sequencing was analyzed and compared with the National Center for Biotechnology Information database by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool search. Sanger sequencing revealed substitution (c.1051G>T) in the Sequence Tagged Site of the exon2 of Thyroid transcription factor 2 gene and this is new variants and not reported in National Center for Biotechnology Information database.
Can 2-Aticyto Complex be an Effective Agent for Recovery of The Symptoms and Enhancing Laboratory Parameters in COVID-19 Patients?
Authors: Kerget Ferhan , Kerget Buğra , Aksakal Alperen , Koçak Abdullah Osman
Published: May 2021

Background: SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) pandemic which was firstly identified in Wuhan/China in December 2019.There still exists no precise treatment for this pandemic yet despite many agents are tried in prophylaxis and treatment for Covid-19. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of 2-aticyto complex in clinical course in these patients.

Materials and Methods: 150 patients who applied to the Infection Diseases Polyclinics between dates September 2020-November 2020 having diagnosed with Covid-19 were included in our study. The patients were randomized into 2 groups (75 in each group) of which the first group only had the treatment of National Guideline and the second group had Viruthol® including 2-aticyto complex (at the dose of 27000 mcg/day) in addition to the treatment of the National Guideline. The laboratory parameters, clinical outcomes and the first day on which PCR result turned into negative of the patients were compared.

Results: In Viruthol® group, LDH, CRP, D-Dimer and ferritin levels were significantly decreased compared to the control group, while lymphocyte levels were higher. (p=0.02, p=0.001, p=0.01, p=0.02, p=0,001 respectively).  In addition to that, clinical symptoms such as fever, headache, weakness, loss of taste and smell and muscle-joint pain recovered more rapidly in contrast with the control group (p=0.001, p=0.05, p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.001, respectively). PCR results of the Viruthol® group turned negative in a statistically significant shorter period of time with respect to the control group (p=0.001).

Conclusion: Viruthol® containing 2-aticyto complex may be an agent that can be used both symptomatic treatment and improving the clinical situation and recovery of the patients followed up for Covid-19.
Do Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Eggs Can Be a Factor of Vulvovaginal Inflammation? Clinical Case
Authors: Sklyarova V. O. , Bitchenko N. V. , Chajkivskyj R. A. , Kozytska V. G. , Sklyarov P. O.
Published: May 2021

Background: Biologists explain the dominance of stinky bugs (Halyomorpha halys) in Europe, Russia, and Ukraine in the summer of 2019 and 2020 with an abnormally hot summer. Clinical case: During gynecological examination of 29 years old woman in the outpatient department with complaints of discomfort on the external genitalia were revealed more than 20 white foreign bodies. In 3 days, a white bug (Halyomorpha halys) was identified from white foreign bodies.