bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systemic reviews and meta-analysis of the use of midodrine in hepatorenal syndrome
Authors:   Department of General Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Thandalam, Chennai, India, Lankapothu Prem Balaji Reddy , Shrinidhi B. ,   Department of General Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Thandalam, Chennai, India, Satish Kumar M. ,   Department of Neurology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Thandalam, Chennai, India, Magesh Kumar S. ,   Department of General Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Thandalam, Chennai, India
Published: September 2024

Aims. This study analyzes the effectiveness of midodrine in reducing or managing Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS). Design. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to gather and assess relevant literature. The review included evaluating study aims, methodologies, outcomes, and implications, with data presented in a tabular format for clarity. The protocol specified the search strategy, selection criteria, and data extraction methods for transparency. Data sources. Articles were sourced from Google Scholar and PubMed using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality assessment data were extracted, synthesized, analyzed, and reported. Review methods. The systematic review focused on peer-reviewed journals, considering factors such as time, language, and full-length article availability. Studies were excluded if they were duplicates, abstracts only, or non-English. Results. Midodrine was found to improve arterial pressure and renal function in HRS patients, suggesting a link between circulatory and renal functions. Sample sizes varied across studies, with some involving small patient groups. Terlipressin appeared more effective than midodrine and octreotide in improving renal function due to its impact on mean arterial pressure (MAP). Specific findings included significant increases in arterial pressure and renal function improvement in both treatment and control groups. Conclusion. Midodrine shows potential in managing HRS, decreasing nitrite and nitrate levels in ascites patients, and improving renal function. However, significant, well-designed clinical trials are needed to determine optimal dosage, duration, and pharmacological side effects. The meta-analysis highlights opportunities for further research on midodrine in combination treatments and cost-effectiveness evaluations. Impact. This study opens avenues for future research on midodrine's role in HRS treatment, particularly in combination therapies and cost-effectiveness studies.
Evaluation of Labour Care Guide: Labor progression in obese women from Basra, Iraq
Authors:   College of Medicine, University of Basra, Basra, Iraq, Alkhulaifi Sabreen MM , Al-Rubaai Sajidah ,   College of Medicine, University of Basra, Basra, Iraq, Sadeq Mustafa Almansor Marwah ,   College of Medicine, University of Basra, Basra, Iraq
Published: September 2024

The prevalence of maternal obesity has emerged as a significant global public health issue. The World Health Organization (WHO) has just introduced a revolutionary tool known as the WHO Labour Care Guide for the purpose of monitoring the well-being of mothers and infants throughout the process of labor. The study aims to evaluate the impact of obesity on the progression of labor, mode of delivery, and subsequent neonatal complications. Our research was conducted on 176 women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria at Basra Maternity and Child Hospital, the number of women with normal BMI was 100, while the class 1 obese was 76 cases. The results show the risk of emergency caesarean section is significantly increased among the class 1 obese woman, the percentages were 40.7%, and 14% respectively (p-value <0.001), regarding the neonatal outcome assessed by the APGAR scoring system, there was a relatively low APGAR score among the total deliveries of class 1 obese women regardless of the mode of delivery, (p-value was significant <0.001) compared with the average Body Mass Index women, the neonatal birth weight was significantly different between the two Body Mass Index groups, there is an increase in the birth weight among class 1 obese women (p-value <0.001). The study concludes obesity has a substantial influence on the increased incidence of caesarean section deliveries among women classified as having obesity class I, and there is a positive correlation between body mass index and the desire for oxytocin administration among obese women.
Efficiency of dexamethasone in reducing the incidence of headaches after spinal anesthesia during caesarean section
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq, Sabri Ali Noor , Al-Rubaai Sajidah ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq, Sabri Ali Tishreen ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
Published: September 2024

Background. A caesarean section is the delivery of a fetus through an abdominal incision (laparotomy) and a uterine incision (hysterectomy). The anesthesia method most often used for caesarean birth is spinal anesthesia, the prevailing complication of spinal anesthesia (SA) is post-dural puncture headache. Aims of the study. To investigate the effects of dexamethasone in reducing the incidence of headache and pain in spinal anesthesia in caesarean section. Subjects and methods. Clinical trial was conducted at Basra Maternity and Children Hospital from January 1, 2022 to July 1, 2023. The studied population was divided into two groups: Group I included 98 patients who received intravenous dexamethasone 0.2 mg/kg (maximum 16 mg) just after the spinal anesthesia, and Group II, the control group, which included 100 patients who received IV normal saline prior to spinal anesthesia. The average severity of headache was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) after recovery within the first hour, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 1 week. Results. Dexamethasone usage significantly reduced postoperative pain (no pain: 89.7% vs. 68.0%), with a p-value equal to 0.001. No notable differences were found in sociodemographic characteristics, PDPH incidence (recovery time: 8.1% vs. 9.0%, 24 hours: 10.2% vs. 9.0%, 48 hours: 4.08% vs. 5.0%, one week: 0.0% vs. 0.0%). Conclusion. Dexamethasone given intravenously had no discernible effect on headaches following a spinal puncture. It dramatically lowers pain after surgery, but it has no discernible impact on bradycardia, nausea or vomiting, shivering, or postoperative hypotension.
The impact of vitamin D in type 1 diabetes in pediatric patients
Authors:   “Algocalm” Polyclinic, Targu Mures, Romania, Pana Adriana , Muntean Irina-Elena ,   “Algocalm” Polyclinic, Targu Mures, Romania, Pitea Ana Maria ,   “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, Romania,   Pediatric Department of County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania
Published: September 2024

Background and objectives. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease, whose incidence is increasing worldwide. Patients with chronic illnesses are more likely to have a deficiency in vitamin D. The aim was to evaluate the impact of vitamin D on biochemical parameters in type 1 diabetes in patients under 18 years of age. Materials and methods. We performed a prospective observational study in 2023, on a sample of 121 type 1 diabetic patients aged between 5 and 18 years, who had previously undergone vitamin D screening before the study's start date. This time was called the initial time (T0). During the consultation, patients who agreed to participate in the study received a voucher for vitamin D screening, referred to as the final time (Tf). The period between T0 and Tf was 3 months. Results. At the initial time, 88 (72.73%) of patients had vitamin D deficiency, while at the final time, 11 (9.09%) had deficiency (p<0.05). Vitamin D levels were 18.69 ± 4.14 ng/mL at T0 compared to 31.28 ± 7.60 ng/mL at Tf (p<0.05). Additionally, at the initial time, 72.73% of patients presented with hypocalcemia, and 66.94% of them with hypophosphatemia, whereas at the final time, hypocalcemia was noticed in 19.01% (p<0.05), and hypophosphatemia in 25.62% (p<0.0001). Correlation between T0 and Tf vitamin D levels shows an r = 0.5764 (p<0.0001, 95% CI = 0.4392 - 0.6873). Conclusions. The study reveals a direct proportional relationship between imbalances in biochemical parameters and vitamin D deficiency, and indicates that vitamin D supplementation significantly contributed to the improvement of biochemical parameters.
6-month survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia who received modified chemotherapy at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia, Ratu Edwinda D. ,   Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Province General Hospital Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia, Hardjianti Tutik ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia,   Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Province General Hospital Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia, Bayu Dimas ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia,   Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Province General Hospital Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia, Bakri Syakib ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia,   Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Province General Hospital Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia, Mahmud Nasrum ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia,   Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Province General Hospital Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia, Zainuddin Andi Alfian ,   Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
Published: September 2024

Background and aim. Standard chemotherapy for AML is daunorubicin combined with cytarabine. However, the combination chemotherapy also has side effects that are quite dangerous for AML patients. The purpose of this study is to assess the survival rates of AML patients treated at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital in Makassar using modified chemotherapy regimens. Methods and material. This study was conducted at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital in Makassar using a prospective cohort design. The study population included AML patients aged 18 years or older who had undergone modified chemotherapy for six months. Data on life expectancy, chemotherapy modifications, age, gender, and AML subtype were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier curve, log-rank, and statistic test. Results. The cohort consisted of 25 males (51%) and 24 females (49%) with a mean age of 42 years. The 6-month survival rates were 68% for females and 50% for males. Age-based survival rates were 61.3% for patients <45 years, and 55.6 for those >45 years. Survival rates by AML subtype were 40% for M1, 63.3% for M2, 0% for M3, 60% for M4, and 66.7% for M5. The survival curve for the therapy regimen showed a significant relationship (p <0.05), with 86.7% survival for daunorubicin and 47.1% for cytarabine. Conclusions. Administration of daunorubicin and cytarabine chemotherapy is a variable that significantly determines the 6-month survival of AML patients.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A comparative study of clinico-socio-demographic characteristics among two diverse Indian population
Authors:   Department of Home Science, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sahoo Prangya Paramita , Singh Mukta ,   Department of Home Science, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, Prahraj Dibyalochan ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences,KIITD University Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, Yadav Dawesh Prakash ,   Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Sunderalal Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, Singh Ayaskanta ,   Department of Gastroenterology, SUM Ultimate Medicare, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, Uthansigh Kanishka ,   Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, SODU Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, Pati Girish Kumar ,   Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, SODU Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Published: September 2024

Objectives. The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing not only in India but also globally. The aim of this observational study was to determine the clinico-pathological findings of NAFLD patients in two different geographic populations in India. Material and methods. This hospital-based cross-sectional study involved 140 consecutive patients with NAFLD from four centers, primarily diagnosed by ultrasound in Uttar Pradesh (Varanasi) and Odisha (Khordha). Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected from each patient of both the states and were compared. Outcomes. The study findings revealed that most of NAFLD patients were males (71.4%), aged around 39.6±10.86 years, with BMI indicating overweight (27.68 ± 4.25 Kg/m2). Patients from Uttar Pradesh (UP) had non-significantly higher rates of elevated transaminase levels [SGOT/SGPT- 40.2 (41.53)/47.35(60.93) IU/L], compared to those from Odisha [SGOT/SGPT-26(23.15)/29(45.40) IU/L]. Too cases of Odisha had non-significantly higher mean triglyceride levels compared to patients of UP. There was a significant difference in family type in-between the 2 regions (p=0.000), with Odisha having more number of nuclear families compared to UP. Cases from Odisha had non-significantly higher per capita monthly income (41.891 ± 43.23 INR) compared to UP (34.276 ± 27.66 INR). Statistically significant dietary preferences, were noticed in-between the 2 states with majority from Odisha favoring non-vegetarian diets (90.6%) compared to Uttar Pradesh (75.06%). Conclusions. Patients from Odisha had higher per capita monthly income, history of higher non-vegetarian diet consumption, higher hypertriglyceridemia and lesser transaminases compared to cases from Uttar Pradesh.
Relationship between assesment of physical activity with body mass index and maximum oxygen volume in adult men with overweight and obesity
Authors:   Resident Specialist Program, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, Aryanto Anang Fajar ,   Resident Specialist Program, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Tinduh Damayanti ,   Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia,   Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Putra I Putu Alit Pawana ,   Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia,   Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Melaniani Soenarnatalina ,   Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Handayani Vitria Wuri ,   Nursing Department, Pontianak Polytechnic Health Ministry, Pontianak, Indonesia,   Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: September 2024

Background. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of early adult mortality, often originating in adolescence. Obesity a prevalent NCD, commonly develops during youth and can measured by body mass index (BMI). Objectives. This study was to describe the relationships between physical activity, as defined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), BMI, and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) in adult men who are overweight or obese. Materials and methods. This descriptive study utilized the IPAQ-SF, BMI, and VO2max data from 22 medical records of adult men who were overweight or obese, selected using a purposive sampling approach. Outcomes. Physical activity and BMI are negatively correlated, with a p-value of 0.000 and a Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.989. Statistical significance is indicated by the p-value of 0.000, and the Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.884 shows a strong positive association between VO2max and physical activity. BMI and VO2max are negatively correlated, with a p-value of 0.000 and a Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.896. Conclusion. The study indicates a relationship between physical activity and BMI, as well as between physical activity and VO2max. Additionally, there is a relationship between BMI and VO2max. Overall, physical activity, BMI, and VO2max are interrelated in overweight or obese adult men.
Development of Exporting Fresh Fruits Ontology for Improving the Knowledge-Based System on the Domain of Export Process in Thailand
Authors: Tangarommun Thanisorn , Kumyaito Nattapon , Ponanan Klairung
Published: September 2024

Thailand's exports are crucial to the country's economic income, with agricultural products among the most important. Import-export firms mainly manage the export process because agriculturists hesitate to deal with complex procedures. Based on the complex procedures and lack of knowledge about the export process, new entrepreneurs and agriculturists often struggle to export their products directly. Therefore, a simplied system is needed for those seeking information on export procedures. To address this, the Exporting Fresh Fruits Ontology was developed to en- hance the knowledge-based system for managing fresh fruit exports. This system involves three main steps: reviewing export processes and documents, generating ontology for the fresh fruit export domain, and developing the knowledge-based system. The Hozo Ontology Editor is the system's backbone, built using the Ontology-based Application Management (OAM) framework. The Exporting Fresh Fruits Ontology comprises 12 main classes, sub-classes, and attributes, capturing knowledge of the export process. It includes mappings between relational database entities and the ontology, capturing semantic information, and validating mapping consistency to eliminate errors. The results show that the Exporting Fresh Fruits Ontology performs well, achieving an average F-measure value of 0.98.
Utilizing ISO 27001:2022 In Information Security Design For BPRCCo SME Digital Transformation
Authors: Ahmad Atqan Setyoso Fandi , Mulyana Rahmat , Adhitya Nugraha Ryan
Published: September 2024

In the industrial revolution 4.0 era, organizations like BPRCCo need to carry out Digital Transformation (TD) to remain competitive. However, the main challenge in this process is information security which is often result of TD failure. Previous research highlights the importance of ambidextrous information security management (traditional and agile approaches) for large banks in achieving TD, especially in information security. However, this approach has not been proven for small-scale banks such as BPR. Therefore, this research aims to develop recommendations for information security management system (SMKI) solutions that are relevant for MSMEs and estimate improvements in their capabilities to support TD. The research method involves Design Science Research (DSR), including problem identification, requirements specification, design and development, demonstration, and evaluation. Data was collected through interviews and data analysis, then analyzed using the ISMS framework based on the ISO 27001:2022 standard. Based on the results of risk analysis and mapping of previous research, it was found that AB control in the PDCA and Annex cycles is a priority for BPRCCo. Next, a number of solutions were designed based on ISMS practices. This recommendation is prepared as an implementation roadmap that can help BPRCCo prepare and fully implement ISMS in critical areas to support TD. This research contributes to the understanding of ISMS for small-scale banks, especially as a case study for SME, and for similar organizations.
Implementation Machine Learning of K-Means Clustering Method and Linear Regression for Detecting the Risk of Tuberculosis Spread in Bangka Regency
Authors: Tou Nurhaeka , Endraswari Putri Mentari , Iftizam Syafiranur , Mu’anah Itlahtul
Published: September 2024

The number of tuberculosis (TB) sufferers in Bangka Regency tends to increase and is becoming a very serious public health problem. In 2023, there will be around 331,581 residents of Bangka Regency, with around 1,489 of them suffering from TB. The high number of TB cases in Bangka Regency requires comprehensive monitoring. Surveillance can be carried out by grouping TB cases by region. One clustering method is K-Means which groups data based on similar criteria. Researchers also used the Linear Regression method to predict the effect of population density on increasing TB prevalence. This research was conducted to cluster the distribution pattern of TB by region and identify the influence of population density variables on the increase in TB. Based on the results of the K-Means method analysis by looking at the Performance Davies Bouldin-Index (Dbi) test, researchers obtained a pattern of TB distribution which was categorized into: Areas with High Prevalence (Sungailiat), Medium Prevalence (Belinyu and West Mendo) and Low Prevalence (Bakam, Merawang, Pemali, Pudding Besar, and Riau Silip). Meanwhile, the prediction results show that there is a positive influence of 81% of the population density variable on increasing the number of TB spreads and 19% is influenced by other variables. The results of this research can be used as a reference for the Bangka District Health Service to assist decision-making in preventing an increase in TB cases.
T20 celebrates 12th anniversary during Brazil’s G20 presidency in 2024 : One Pager IPCid 006
Authors: Souza André de Mello e
Published: September 2024

Durante a presidência do Brasil no G20 em 2024, o Think20 (T20) celebra seu 12º aniversário como um grupo de engajamento oficial, independente dos governos nacionais, dentro do G20. Desde sua fundação em 2012, o T20 tem desenvolvido recomendações políticas por meio de forças-tarefa temáticas, abordando questões cruciais globalmente. Cada presidência do T20, alinhada com a presidência do G20, concentra-se em temas específicos, com destaque para assuntos como digitalização, desenvolvimento sustentável, resiliência financeira e inclusão social. O Brasil, durante sua presidência em 2024, espera focar em questões ambientais, de saúde, segurança alimentar e cooperação para o desenvolvimento na África, sinalizando uma retomada do país ao cenário global após anos de negligência da política externa sob a administração anterior.
INCLUA : Pro-equity resource platform for public policies : One Pager IPCid 007
Authors: Machado Anna Carolina , Sandim Tatiana , Machado Nívie
Published: September 2024

A plataforma INCLUA, desenvolvida pelo Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea), oferece ferramentas de autoavaliação e recursos para identificar e mitigar riscos de reprodução de desigualdades sociais nas atividades cotidianas das políticas públicas. Através de diagnósticos situacionais em cinco dimensões de análise, a plataforma visa melhorar a participação e o pensamento baseado em evidências na concepção de políticas públicas, especialmente aquelas destinadas a reduzir desigualdades e promover direitos sociais. Com uma biblioteca de recursos para intervenção e mitigação de riscos identificados, a INCLUA visa capacitar os profissionais de políticas públicas a engajar-se em processos de autoavaliação e reflexão, contribuindo assim para a redução de potenciais desigualdades. Além de seu uso no contexto brasileiro, a plataforma tem potencial para apoiar processos políticos em outros países, promovendo o crescimento inclusivo e equitativo em direção aos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) em escala internacional.
Importance of Quality Education and its Challenges in Nepal
Authors: Joseph Thadathil Fr.  Boby
Published: September 2024

The rapid advancement of science and technology emphasizes the need for quality education, particularly in the job market. Educational policies, guidelines, regulations, and practices are crucial for implementing quality education in Nepal. Despite having systems in place, challenges persist in executing quality education across institutions. This research highlights the importance of quality education and the obstacles to its implementation in Nepal. The paper also emphasizes the promotion of quality education and its potential benefits for the nation. Quality education fosters holistic development by enhancing knowledge, skills, and values. There is significant interest among educators in providing quality education to drive economic growth, develop skilled workers, and secure a prosperous future for all citizens. The progress and prosperity of a nation depend on the quality of education its citizens receive from early school years onward.
A Study of Green Open Space Planning on Mansinam Island, Manokwari, West Papua
Authors: Putri Pattikayhatu Tika Ade , Pare Eni Sri , Maria Sudarwani Margareta
Published: September 2024

Green Open Space (GOS) is a green area that is used for various activities, including playing and traveling. It is believed that green open space can provide maximum environmental benefits to urban communities, including efforts to attract tourists in tourist areas. However, the existence of green open spaces in tourist areas often does not attract the attention of tourists, one of which is the religious tourism area of Mansinam Island, Manokwari, West Papua. The aim of this research is to examine the existing green open space arrangement on Mansinam Island in order to increase the functional and aesthetic value of the existing green open space so that it can attract tourists. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method, namely a research method that is descriptive and tends to use analysis. In qualitative research, process and meaning will be emphasized and the focus of the research must be in accordance with the facts in the field. The expected result of the study of green open space planning on Mansinam Island, Manokwari, West Papua is to encourage the success of local government planning regarding the Mansinam Island religious tourism development plan.
Oral Health and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mirzaeiebrahimabadi Reza , Taghizadehghasemabadi Afsaneh , Bakhtiaryfar Saber , Jedi Pishkhani Mohsen Dadras , Baloochirezaei Mohammadreza , Taghavi Mobinaalsadat
Published: September 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are examples of Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) that are clinically described by progressive neuronal dysfunction and structural disintegration culminating in significant cognitive and motor dysfunction. These conditions can be classified as a significant concern of public health because they are seen more often and impose a rather heavy load on patients and the healthcare system. In this scenario, various research done in the recent past has revealed a probability of a connection between oral hygiene, specifically periodontal disorder, and the development of these diseases. This integrated literature review seeks to analyze periodontal disease, changes in oral flora, and the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Possible pathological factors, such as chronic inflammation, bacterial penetration, amyloidogenic cascade, and oxidative mechanisms are described, as well as the effectiveness of oral hygiene measures on the outcomes of the disease. Moreover, we also investigate the functionality of periodontal treatments, enhanced oral hygiene practices, and antimicrobial treatments as measures that help to reduce these impacts. Such associations could helpto reveal new possibilities for the prevention and treatment of NDs based on a multimodal approach. The present review sums up the existing literature,discusses the gaps in knowledge, and suggests the further directions for clinical practice and research stressing the necessity of a multimodal approach to enhance patient outcomes.
SupaRunnas: A study on the software design process
Authors: Morgan, Theron, Shane, Matthee, Ethan, Matthee, Ethan Kelly,
Published: September 2024

This project aims to document the software development process of a software application commissioned by Athletics South Africa (ASA) that would make it easier for them to manage races and athlete memberships in South Africa. In this course paper, we created a consolidated list of requirements through discussions with ASA members. These requirements were then broken down into technical aspects and elaborated on to design the basic program. Through mock-ups, we demonstrated what the application would look like when used. The application was designed with simplicity and usability in mind. In conclusion, we used various software engineering principles and practices to deliver the complete documentation of the requirements, analysis and design phases of the proposed software product.
Assessment of Risk Factors for Falls in Hospitalized Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Hongyan , Jiang Yingzhao , Yang Xiaofeng , Zhu Caihong , Luo Lingyun , Hao Wenjie
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To investigate risk factors for falls in hospitalized older adults to justify the adoption of targeted nursing measures.

Method

Meta-analysis was used to synthesize national and international published studies on risk factors for falls in hospitalized older adults.

Results

A total of 10 studies were included. Administration of psychotropic drugs, limb weakness, weak walking ability or unsteady gait, visual impairment, and history of falls were risk factors for the occur-rence of falls in hospitalized older adults. Administration of psychotropic drugs had the highest association with falls (odds ratio [OR] = 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.58, 3.14]) followed by limb weakness (OR = 1.59; 95% CI [0.26, 2.92]) and visual impairment (OR = 1.51; 95% CI [0.22, 2.80]). The lowest combined OR for the association between weak walking ability or unsteady gait and falls was 1.05 (95% CI [0.60, 1.50]) compared with 1.38 (95% CI [1.15, 1.60]) for history of falls.

Conclusion

The current meta-analysis derived risk factors for falls in hospitalized older adults, with results having greater stability and reliability than those of a single study. [
Research in Gerontological Nursing, 17
(5), 238–245.]
Primitive decompositions of idempotents of the group algebras of dihedral groups and generalized quaternion groups
Authors: Dai Lilan , Li Yunnan
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we introduce a method for computing the primitive decomposition of idempotents in any semisimple finite group algebra, utilizing its matrix representations and Wedderburn decomposition. Particularly, we use this method to calculate the examples of the dihedral group algebras $ \mathbb{C}[D_{2n}] $ and generalized quaternion group algebras $ \mathbb{C}[Q_{4m}] $. Inspired by the orthogonality relations of the character tables of these two families of groups, we obtain two sets of trigonometric identities. Furthermore, a group algebra isomorphism between $ \mathbb{C}[D_{8}] $ and $ \mathbb{C}[Q_{8}] $ is described, under which the two complete sets of primitive orthogonal idempotents of these group algebras correspond bijectively.
Resonance with Landesman-Lazer conditions for parameter-dependent equations: a multiplicity result via the Poincaré-Birkhoff theorem
Authors: Liu Chunlian , Wang Shuang , Chen Fanfan
Published: September 2024

We investigate the resonance problem and prove the existence of multiple periodic solutions to a second order parameter-dependent equation $ x''+f(t, x) = sp(t) $. We weaken the usual requirement on the sublinearity of perturbations when $ |x| $ becomes large; and develop a more general method to investigate the rotational characterizations of the Landesman-Lazer conditions. Furthermore, $ f $ does not satisfy the common sign condition, and even the global existence of the solution is not guaranteed.
Growth and poverty reduction in Vietnam: A strategic policy modelling study
Authors: Tran Van Hoa , Pham Quang Thao
Published: September 2024

A major objective of economic development or growth is poverty reduction, and it is especially a high priority in developing, low-income economies such as Vietnam. Vietnam is an important transition open high-growth economy since Doi Moi in 1987 and with increasing global geopolitical influence in South East Asia but with concerning high poverty incidence. While poverty is recognised internationally as a multidimensional incidence with interdependent relationships among the country's many activities in the sense of Marshall or Haavelmo, rigorous studies with focus on these multidirectional causality issues for Vietnam are currently very limited. The paper addresses these issues by introducing an endogeneity or simultaneous multi-equation modelling approach with World Bank and other international data and system estimation to studying the growth-poverty relationship with Vietnam as a case study. The objective is to explore empirical evidence for this causal relationship with an economy-wide transmission mechanism and with common causality postulates for the improvement of sustainable growth and poverty reduction strategic policy analysis. The main findings show growth-poverty circular causality and the strong impact of growth on poverty reduction and of trade openness on growth. The approach advances the literature, and the findings are also a useful guide for aid consultants, economic researchers, policy makers, nongovernment organizations (NGOs), and official development assistance (ODA) donors in Vietnam in particular and in developing countries in general.
Dynamic strain gradient brittle fracture propagation: comparison with experimental evidence
Authors: Maksimov Valerii , Placidi Luca , Trujillo Francisco James León , De Santis Chiara , Misra Anil , Timofeev Dmitry , Fabbrocino Francesco , Barchiesi Emilio
Published: September 2024

This paper presented a physico-mathematical model for dynamic fracture propagation in brittle materials with a purely continuum mechanics hemi-variational-based strain gradient theory. As for the quasi-static case, the simulation results, obtained by means of finite elements, revealed that strain gradient effects significantly affected the fracture propagation, leading to finite fracture thickness that was independent of the mesh size. It was also observed that nonsymmetric loading rate lead to a deviation from standard mode-Ⅰ crack propagation that cannot be revealed in the quasi-static case. The model results were compared against experimental data from fracture tests on notched specimens taken from the literature. The comparison showed good agreement between the model predictions and the experimental measurements. The presented model and simulation results can be useful in the design and optimization of structural components subjected to dynamic loading conditions.
Performance urbana: una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre estudios urbanos
Authors: Beck Donizete , Ferasso Marcos
Published: September 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación es explorar y organizar la bibliografía de estudios urbanos sobre el rendimiento urbano y los principales indicadores que se utilizan. Se analiza una muestra de 47 artículos recogidos en la base de datos Scopus que se refieren a estudios urbanos, de gestión y planificación urbana. Este artículo proporciona una guía para académicos y profesionales que muestra los principales indicadores utilizados para medir el rendimiento urbano de los principales enfoques de los estudios urbanos (socioeconómico y demográfico; medioambiental; ciudades inteligentes; diseño urbano, entorno construido y territorio; administración pública, gobierno y gobernanza; eficiencia energética; sostenibilidad y desarrollo sostenible; transporte y movilidad; evaluación comparativa; y ciudades globales). Las aportaciones sociales y de gestión de este documento residen precisamente en la síntesis que ofrece de los indicadores de rendimiento urbano, que pueden ser útiles para que mejoren las investigaciones académicas, así como para que quienes planifican y gestionan el urbanismo trabajen de forma más eficiente con las políticas urbanas y mejoren así el rendimiento urbano deseado.
De la gestión de crisis a la crisis de gestión: responsabilidad y democracias liberales en el estallido de la pandemia de la COVID-19
Authors: Radeljić Branislav , González-Villa Carlos
Published: September 2024

El estallido de la pandemia de la COVID-19 conmocionó a las sociedades de todo el mundo. En su esfuerzo por adaptar sus respuestas a la crisis a sus propias condiciones de supervivencia, los gobiernos tendieron desde el principio a recurrir a argumentos que limitaban la rendición de cuentas frente a la población. Las democracias liberales no fueron ajenas a esta forma de abordar el problema. En ese contexto, sus dirigentes esgrimieron la metáfora de la guerra para describir su posición como garantes de la supervivencia de la población frente a la nueva amenaza. Atenazados entre la incertidumbre y la necesidad de predecir la naturaleza y la evolución del enemigo invisible, sus respuestas pusieron en entredicho la responsabilidad política, profesional y personal de los dirigentes. En este artículo se ofrece una reflexión sobre el nivel de responsabilidad de los gobiernos de las democracias liberales en la gestión de la pandemia. Durante la crisis, los decisores tendieron a dejarse llevar por las narrativas que les resultaban más beneficiosas para escabullirse de sus responsabilidades, apuntalando así sus necesidades políticas a corto plazo a través del uso de metáforas belicistas, el juego de culpas, la competición con otros países y la dispersión de las fuentes en el proceso de toma de decisiones. Esta realidad supone hoy un llamado a la reflexión a los actores sociales, incluidos los expertos, intelectuales y medios de comunicación, para trascender la retórica predominante en la gestión de la pandemia y la "nueva normalidad" que le siguió, de manera que la dinámica de alteraciones constantes de las reglas del juego y las responsabilidades pueda dar paso, en el futuro, a un escenario con menos arbitrariedad y más rendición de cuentas.
WAVELET-POOLING-BASED MULTI-SCALE CNN FOR COVID-19 DETECTION FROM CT IMAGES
Authors: Singh Alka , Gopi Varun P. , Thomas Anju
Published: September 2024

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease affecting humans and animals. The disease has rapidly spread worldwide and became a pandemic in 2020. Preventing the virus from spreading has become increasingly challenging, especially with the need to test potential suspects rapidly. Deep learning-based methods have been developed to address this challenge of detecting COVID-19 from chest Computed Tomography (CT) images. The proposed network has multi-scale feature extraction layers with wavelet pooling. Learning features at different scales will enable the architecture to explore local patterns at different dimensions. So, in the proposed architecture, we have included a multi-scale convolutional layer to focus on sparse local regions about the disease conditions. Texture-based feature learning using wavelet pooling is incorporated into the architecture to improve detection performance. The proposed network achieved an accuracy of 99.79% with an AUC value of 0.9999. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed network has a lower computational cost regarding learnable parameters, FLOPS, and memory requirements. The proposed CNN model benefits from multi-scale structure and wavelet-pooling, resulting in superior performance compared to previous algorithms.
Introduction to Generative AI in Cybersecurity
Authors: Khan Azeem , Jhanjhi Noor Zaman , Abdulhabeb Ghassan A. A. , Ray Sayan Kumar , Wei Goh Wei
Published: September 2024

The intent of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the foundations upon which Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is slowly revolutionizing the field of cybersecurity. Over the next few pages, the reader will become familiar with the concept of GenAI, including its core technologies-generative adversarial networks, variational autoencoders, and a host of other sophisticated deep learning models. One needs to note that most of the technologies mentioned in this chapter are among the cutting-edge developments that are currently pushing the boundaries of cybersecurity. More importantly, the works discussed in this chapter explain how GenAI allows for new methods of identification, detection, prediction, and mitigation of cyber threats. Nonetheless, the tale of GenAI in cybersecurity is tackled with mixed emotions. Despite the enormous promise it holds for securing our digital habitats, the technology exposed the world to new dangers, especially in the form of privacy invasion and potential malpractice. Thus, GenAI, as a defensive tool and an offensive weapon, calling for a balanced strategy to govern its adoption. Further, the reader should use this chapter on GenAI to understand the role of interdisciplinary cooperation and ethical guidelines to address the downsides of its applications. By blending insights and revelations from an academic and practical standpoint, this chapter highlighted how GenAI can change the face of cybersecurity apart from its practical implications which emphasizes the significance of equipping cybersecurity professionals with knowledge of GenAI technologies, advocating for a proactive and adaptable security posture within organizations, as well as the pivotal role of ongoing research and policy development in this dynamic field. In conclusion, the chapter looks into the future of cybersecurity in an AI-driven era highlighting the significance of sustained innovation, ethical consideration, and collaborative efforts to ensure the cybersecurity landscape evolves by incorporating generative AI advancements.
Reshaping Brain Tumor Diagnosis
Authors: Khan Kaseer , Saeed Soobia , Tabba Fatima Ali
Published: September 2024

Image quality is crucial for efficient object recognition or classification rates. High-quality images lead to better outcomes than noisy and unprocessed ones, which can be challenging to extract features from, thereby reducing the rate of both processes. Pre-processing the image before feature extraction typically addresses low-quality issues, ultimately improving machine learning algorithm selected performances in terms of accuracy enhancement or training-image reduction. The research aims at highlighting a significant problem encountered within the medical industry: brain tumors; early detection has proven difficult due to MRI's susceptibility to noises and other environmental disturbances causing doctors great difficulty determining relevant causes and regions involved with tumor growths. To tackle this issue, the authors suggest adaptive brain tumor detection using image processing tools where only utilizing MRI images proves insufficient without pre-processing aid involving de-noising by median filters masking via skull selection while detailed information on one specific region would entail object labeling use coupled up with support vector machines (SVM) incorporated into an unsupervised approach maintaining future pattern creation/maintenance patterns relying heavily on texture/color-based characteristics taken over through SVM training. This system is implemented in Python.
Securing AI-Based Healthcare Systems Using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Das Shampa Rani , Jhanjhi N. Z. , Asirvatham David , Rizwan Farzeen , Javed Danish
Published: September 2024

The installation of the blockchain into artificial intelligence (AI)-driven healthcare systems is explored to prevent security breaches and optimize the patient's well-being. The digital revolution in healthcare brings with it substantial challenges related to data security, notably privacy invasions and data compromises, and even shortcomings with data interoperability. These limitations, which are rendered severe by advanced cyberattacks, indicate how inadequate conventional security precautions are and how this sector must move beyond more constantly evolving and predictive security approaches. Integrated Blockchain-AI concerning the healthcare sector is revolutionizing the management of patient data by utilizing an intricate, multifaceted infrastructure extending from data collection to service delivery. This ingenious incorporation represents a crucial breakthrough when it comes to healthcare systems and research as it not only ensures stringent data privacy and compliance but also greatly improves diagnostic, predictive, and individualized healthcare services. Meanwhile, it streamlines supply chain management (SCM) by offering an opaque, traceable system that inhibits the commercialization of counterfeit medicinal products and upholds quality control (QC), sustaining the wellness of patients and making certain legal compliance. The adoption of blockchain platforms to track pharmaceutical lifecycles and AI to personalize healthcare is demonstrated through usage scenarios in drug provenance and secured medical records management. The unified infrastructure must deal with ethical dilemmas and legal concerns including regulatory compliance, intellectual property (IP) protection, and liability formulation, crucial to providing reliable, legally compliant healthcare options. A concerted effort from all stakeholders is required to navigate and optimally utilize the prospective benefits of these advancements, as the healthcare industry looks forward to a subsequent of more secure operations, individualized treatment, and operational efficiency via an amalgamation of AI and blockchain.
O COMPORTAMENTO DA INFLAÇÃO POR FAIXA DE RENDA NO AMBIENTE MACROECONÔMICO BRASILEIRO
Authors: De Oliveira Carvalho Maria Vitória , De Oliveira Carvalho Maria Vitória , Carrara Aniela , Cardoso Faro Kelly
Published: September 2024

Considerando o cenário econômico recente – leia-se o ano de 2021 e 2022 – em que a inflação tem atingido patamares bem acima da meta estipulada. O presente estudo tem como objetivo entender as discrepâncias existentes entre a inflação por faixa de renda e a relação desta com variáveis que compõem o ambiente macroeconômico do país, que aqui serão representadas pela expectativa de inflação e pelo hiato do produto. Para contemplar o objetivo proposto foi aplicada a metodologia de séries temporais para estimar modelos baseados na curva de Phillips. Como resultado, foi possível verificar que o indicador de inflação da faixa de renda mais elevada se relaciona de maneira mais forte com a expectativa de inflação e o produto da economia, do que o indicador que se refere ao nível de preços das famílias de renda menor.
POBREZA SOB A ÓTICA DE GÊNERO (BRASIL – 2012 E 2019)
Authors: Couto Ana Cristina Lima
Published: September 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever o perfil dos chefes de família em situação de pobreza, segundo o gênero, e, na sequência, estimar um modelo logit para comparar a probabilidade de pobreza entre chefes homens e mulheres. Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNADC) dos anos de 2012 e 2019 e variáveis relativas aos atributos pessoais, de escolaridade e de participação no mercado de trabalho. As diferenças relevantes entre homens e mulheres ocorrem no âmbito da escolaridade e do mercado laboral. A apesar de possuírem escolaridade maior, as mulheres estão em situação ocupacional mais precária. Os resultados estimados do modelo logit, a partir de diferentes perfis, mostram que a probabilidade de pobreza das famílias chefiadas por mulheres é sempre maior do que naquelas chefiadas por homens. Políticas públicas de redução da pobreza, especialmente voltadas para as mulheres, são necessárias para minimizar as desvantagens vividas pelas mulheres.