bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Operaciones unitarias para la producción de chocolate negro, con leche y blanco. Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Villafuerte-Carrillo Franklin Rolando , Sancho Aguilera David , Enríquez-Estrella Miguel Ángel , Basantes-Basantes Edwin Fernando , Ruíz-Mármol Hernán Patricio
Published: November 2024

El proceso de producción de chocolate implica varias etapas críticas con rangos de operación específicos, por ende, este artículo tuvo por objetivo analizar las operaciones unitarias para la producción de chocolate negro, con leche y blanco, a través de una revisión sistemática. El estudio siguió las directrices PRISMA aplicando criterios de elegibilidad y exclusión para la selección de artículos científicos, tesis, libros y normas. Esto permitió la inclusión final de 78 estudios de un total de 396 seleccionados para revisión. La investigación se enfocó en el proceso de búsqueda y selección por criterio de inclusión de documentos considerando la recepción del grano de cacao fermentado y seco hasta el almacenamiento del producto final. Los principales hallazgos incluyeron: A) el proceso de producción de chocolate con varias etapas cruciales, así: recepción del  grano con un contenido de humedad del 6 % - 8 % del cacao; su tostado a temperaturas entre 110 °C - 160 °C por 5 a 120 min contribuyen al desarrollo del sabor característico del chocolate; la alcalinización eleva el pH de 5,2 a 7,5 disminuyendo la acidez del producto; el refinado de la masa de chocolate para obtener un tamaño de partícula de 15 - 35 micrones a temperaturas de entre 45 °C a 70 °C; el conchado de la masa de chocolate a 60 °C - 90 °C durante 6 - 20 horas mejora la textura y el perfil de sabor del chocolate; el templado del chocolate con un perfil de temperaturas específico para cada tipo de chocolate (por ejemplo, para chocolate con leche: 50 °C → 32 °C → 27 °C → 30 °C - 32 °C) es esencial para lograr la cristalización adecuada de la manteca de cacao, afectando la textura y apariencia del chocolate en tableta producto final; culminando con el almacenamiento del chocolate a temperaturas menores de 20 °C. Cada tipo de chocolate (negro, con leche y blanco) tiene variaciones en su proceso de producción y composición. En conclusión, los rangos de trabajo son cruciales para lograr las características sensoriales y de calidad deseadas en el producto final, y pueden variar según el tipo específico de chocolate que se esté produciendo.
THE IMPACT OF AI ON TEACHERS: SUPPORT OR REPLACEMENT?
Authors: Nikitina Iryna , Ishchenko Tetyana
Published: November 2024

The article explores the growing role of AI in education, analyzing whether it serves as a supportive tool for teachers or poses a threat to their jobs. AI can automate routine tasks such as grading and administrative work, freeing up teachers’ time for more meaningful activities like personalized student interaction and lesson planning. Additionally, AI-powered tools enhance data-driven teaching, providing teachers with valuable insights to improve student performance and offer individualized support. While AI offers significant advantages, the article emphasizes that it cannot replace the human qualities essential to teaching, such as emotional intelligence, empathy, and creativity. These are areas where AI falls short, making it unlikely to fully replace teachers. Instead, AI allows teachers to evolve their roles from traditional instruction to mentorship and guidance, focusing on fostering critical thinking and creativity in students. However, there are concerns that AI could reduce teaching jobs or fundamentally change the role of educators. Teachers may also resist AI due to fears of job displacement or lack of sufficient training to use these technologies effectively. The article concludes that AI, when used responsibly, acts as a valuable partner rather than a replacement. By taking over repetitive tasks, AI enables teachers to concentrate on more impactful educational activities, ensuring that the human element remains at the heart of learning.
EDUCATION AS A MAJOR CAPITAL AND THE MAIN BASIS FOR THE ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF THE COUNTRY
Authors: Akmen Viktoriia , Sorokina Svеtlana , Sorokina Valentina , Odarchenko Dmitry
Published: November 2024

Based on the works of philosophers of the ancient world and scientists of our time, the article analyzes the need for the existence of two components of its development in any country, namely human capital and financial and political opportunities. Attention is paid to the fact that intellectual potential is a set of resources that include human intelligence and creative ability, with its characteristic educational and qualification indicators. It is proved that higher education graduates are the intellectual core that forms the market of qualified specialists capable of becoming the economic potential of the country. It is shown that the rational use of this potential, in combination with other scientific achievements of society, contributes to the achievement of a new quality of economic development, raising living standards and preserving the environment for future generations. That is, the level of awareness and education of each individual is the molecule that lays the foundation for consolidating the country's competitive influence in the international market. To implement the above, the need for more active use of public administration in the educational process at all levels is determined, the expediency of applying legislative regulation of the process of interaction between higher education institutions and business structures is investigated, both for the establishment of joint projects and processes of commercialization and reform of education in different countries, including in modern Ukraine, and for achieving positive changes in strategic planning and economic development.
THE GEOPOLITICAL AWAKENING OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AGAINST THE BACKDROP OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR
Authors: Buriachenko Oleksii
Published: November 2024

The article analyses the impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on the geopolitical transformation of the European Union (EU). It examines the key changes in the EU's security, energy and international relations strategy, as well as the development of its strategic autonomy and role in supporting Ukraine. The study is based on the analysis of scientific sources and political articles related to the EU's foreign policy and security mechanisms. A comparative analysis of the EU's decisions on sanctions, energy security and military assistance to Ukraine is used. Expert assessments of the geopolitical situation and economic consequences of the war are also taken into account. The article contributes to understanding the role of the Russian-Ukrainian war as a catalyst for the EU's political and strategic awakening. In particular, it highlights the development of the EU's strategic autonomy in response to its energy dependence on Russia and the growth of defence cooperation between member states. The author also explores how the war has contributed to the consolidation of European identity and the strengthening of the desire for global leadership in the face of current international challenges. The author notes that the Russian-Ukrainian war has accelerated changes in the EU's approach to foreign and security policy. The EU has strengthened its strategic autonomy, increased economic sanctions against Russia and mobilised resources to support Ukraine. At the same time, the war has shown the need to develop energy resources independent of external suppliers and to increase the EU's internal defence capabilities. Ukraine's integration into the European space has become an important strategic direction of the EU's policy. An important aspect has been the strengthening of European defence cooperation, which demonstrates the EU's desire for greater independence in security matters. Ukraine's integration into the European space is becoming one of the key directions of the EU's foreign policy, which may accelerate the process of Ukraine's accession to the Union in the future. The author also draws attention to the fact that the issue of strengthening the EU's defence capabilities affects the problem of the international security system, which today, as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian war, is undergoing the greatest transformations since the Second World War.
MODERNIZATION OF STATE POLICY IN THE FIELD OF STATE CONTROL (SUPERVISION) OVER ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Sieriebriak Stanislav
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the essence of modernization of the State policy in the field of control (supervision) over economic activity with due regard for the changing political and economic situation in the country. The author examines the main conceptual approaches to the definition of basic terms, and also identifies the features and purpose of state control (supervision) in the economic sphere. It is found that the state of the system of control (supervision) over economic activity does not always correspond to the realities of today. Hence, the author concludes that the control system is not always relevant and effective. The author identifies the main problems on the way to modernization of legislation in the field of control (supervision) over economic activity. The author proposes to use adequate means of regulating and controlling economic activity during a special period caused, for example, by a pandemic, military operations on the territory of Ukraine, etc. The author examines the key areas of state policy in the field of legal regulation of control (supervision) over economic activity. The author defines the system of regulatory and legal support of the state policy in the field of control over economic activity at different stages of economic development of the country. The author analyzes the legal acts adopted under the legal regime of martial law aimed at stabilizing the situation in the economic system of our country.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penentuan Lokasi Budidaya Ikan Tawar Yang Cocok Dikabupaten Pamekasan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Topsis
Authors: Tamam Moh. Badri , Rofiuddin
Published: November 2024

Hatcheries for producing fish are the activity to nourish, and he spread in fish and harvest the results in a controlled environment, to cultivate fisheries in Pamekasan regency of course it takes some effort to make it. One of them was the location of good fresh fish. The goal of this research is to develop an application for the support system decision for the determination of the cultivation of fish that fits over fresh kab. pamekasan fuzzy topsis. The support system this decision is expected to help farmers and cultivator to choose a location the best. fresh fish. the scoring in this application uses the method of fuzzy topsis. Fuzzy is used for the weightings of the criteria. And topsis used to calculate the assessment result. The most appropriate locations for the cultivation of fish a East Teja village, Samatan, and West Teja village which scored 0,53; 0,48, and 0.47.
THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AS A MEDIATION VARIABLE IN INFLUENCE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON FIRM PERFORMANCE IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN THE ENERGY AND MINERALS SECTOR
Authors: Hasrullah Hasrullah , Triyonowati Triyonowati
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the mediating role of intellectual capital as a mediating variable in influencing corporate social responsibility on firm performance and for the direct influence of corporate social responsibility on firm performance, corporate social responsibility on intellectual capital and intellectual capital on firm performance in manufacturing companies in the energy and mineral sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The objects of the study were 26 manufacturing companies in the energy and mineral sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a research period from 2020 to 2023. Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) is the analysis method. This study uses the population of all manufacturing companies in the energy and mineral sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2023. Sampling was done using the purposive sampling method. The number of samples used in this study was 26 companies. The variables used in this study are Corporate Social Responsibility, Intellectual Capital, Firm Performance. The results of the study show that corporate social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on firm performance, corporate social responsibility does not have a positive and insignificant impact on intellectual capital, intellectual capital has a positive and significant effect on firm performance, and there is a mediating role for intellectual capital in influencing corporate social responsibility on firm performance.
APPLICATION OF AGGLOMERATIVE HIERARCHICAL CLUSTERING IN GROUPING TOURISM INDUSTRY SMES IN EAST JAVA
Authors: Hermawati Adya , Sembhodo Abimanyu Tuwuh , Panunjul Nalini Mahastuti
Published: November 2024

This study addresses a significant research gap in the classification and evaluation of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) within the tourism industry in East Java, specifically focusing on their marketing performance. The primary objective is to categorize these SMEs based on their marketing effectiveness, a critical factor for their competitiveness in the tourism sector. To achieve this, the research employs cluster analysis, utilizing Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering techniques. The optimal clustering method was determined using the cophenetic correlation coefficient and cluster validation indices. Data for the analysis were collected through questionnaires, with a sample comprising 30 tourism SMEs across 11 regions in East Java, with responses from three employees per SME. The findings revealed two distinct clusters: SMEs with fairly good marketing performance and those with good marketing performance. The results suggest that while many SMEs in the tourism industry in East Java exhibit competitive marketing capabilities, there remains a subset that requires strategic improvements, particularly in spiritual marketing practices. This study's novelty lies in its approach to classifying tourism SMEs by marketing performance, providing a framework for targeted performance enhancement and industry strengthening in the region.
THE INFLUENCE OF JOB DESK, HR DEVELOPMENT, WORK SPIRIT AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE BANK BJB BATAM
Authors: Yona Mira , Sari Srilanggeng Ratna , Santika Syahira Dwi
Published: November 2024

This research aims to test and analyze the influence of the job desk, human resource development, work enthusiasm, and career development on the performance of Bank BJB Batam Branch employees. Respondents totaled 154 employees. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique uses a multiple regression model, with the T test and F test. Data analysis results were obtainedjob desk variable (x1) with t count 3,910> t table 1,655 significant value 0.004 < 0.05. This shows that the job desk has a significant effect on employee performance. Development of human resources (x2) with t count 4.274> t table 1.655 significant value 0.001 < 0.05. This shows that human resource development has a significant effect on employee performance. Work morale (x3) with t count 4.436 > t table 1.655 significant value 0.000 > 0.05. This shows that work enthusiasm has a significant effect on employee performance, career development (x4) with t count 4,241> t table 1,655, significant value 0.002 < 0.05. This shows that career development has a significant effect on employee performance. The F test shows that F count is 19,278 > F table 2,430, significant 0.000 < 0.05, which means that job desk (x1), human resource development (x2), work enthusiasm (x3), and career development (x4) simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance (Y).
DO ENSINO REMOTO PARA O HÍBRIDO EM CURSO VOLTADO PARA A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR
Authors: Cortelazzo Angelo Luiz , Garcia André de Oliveira
Published: November 2024

A docência na educação superior no Brasil exige formação pós-graduada que, via de regra, não aborda aspectos relacionados à atuação do professor. O presente trabalho analisou comparativamente o mesmo tema tratado em duas turmas de pós-graduandos durante o isolamento social, provocado pela pandemia da COVID-19, por meio do ensino remoto emergencial (ERE), e em duas turmas após o retorno às atividades presenciais. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. A oferta ocorreu na disciplina PED+ do Programa de Estágio Docente da Unicamp, no tema: “Planejamento institucional, de cursos e atividades curriculares” desenvolvido com o uso do método da sala de aula invertida. Na semana que antecedeu o encontro síncrono (ERE), ou presencial, foi entregue uma trilha de aprendizagem com acesso aos objetos de estudo sobre os diferentes assuntos e um questionário sobre o programa de pós-graduação realizado, bem como espaço para dúvidas ou comentários. As respostas postadas até a véspera do encontro síncrono/presencial foram utilizadas pelo professor para finalizar o preparo de sua apresentação. Os resultados revelaram que essa abordagem permitiu que os estudantes chegassem mais preparados para a discussão dos assuntos e que o docente pudesse abordar e esclarecer as dúvidas apontadas. A motivação dos estudantes e suas avaliações das atividades foram bastante positivas, tanto nas ofertas presenciais, quanto no período emergencial, marcado por grandes incertezas e estresses causados pela pandemia. Isso demonstrou ser possível utilizar os mesmos procedimentos metodológicos em ambas as situações e também em outras atividades curriculares.
PERILAKU MASYARAKAT BERDAMPAK KEPADA PEMBANGUNAN KOTA MENGGALA BERKELANJUTAN DALAM TRANSFORMASI ERA DIGITAL
Authors: Heriyansyah K.Heriyansyah , Ardiyanto Ardiyanto
Published: November 2024

Perilaku masyarakat memainkan peran penting dalam pembangunan kota berkelanjutan, terutama di tengah transformasi digital yang cepat. Kota Menggala, sebagai pusat pemerintahan dan ekonomi, menghadapi tantangan dalam mengelola perkembangan yang pesat akibat urbanisasi dan teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak perilaku masyarakat terhadap keberlanjutan Kota Menggala di era digital. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan survei yang melibatkan masyarakat dari berbagai latar belakang sosial, ekonomi, dan usia. Kuesioner yang disebarkan berfokus pada perilaku masyarakat terkait penggunaan teknologi, mobilitas, serta kesadaran lingkungan dalam konteks digital. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan regresi linier untuk memahami hubungan antara variabel demografis dan tingkat partisipasi dalam praktik keberlanjutan. Hasil yang diharapkan adalah mendapatkan gambaran menyeluruh mengenai bagaimana perilaku masyarakat yang terdigitalisasi memengaruhi keberlanjutan pembangunan di Menggala, serta rekomendasi kebijakan yang dapat meningkatkan partisipasi dalam pembangunan kota hijau dan berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi acuan bagi pemerintah daerah dalam merancang kebijakan yang sesuai dengan era digital, sehingga mendukung pembangunan yang inklusif dan ramah lingkungan.
Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Odobenidae) groups in the waters adjacent to coastal haulouts (Chukchi Peninsula, Russia)
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Giljov Andrey N. , Seredinskaya Maria V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University, Kryukova Natalia V. ,   A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the RAS, Skorobogatov Danila O. ,   A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the RAS, Karenina Karina A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: November 2024

The distance between individuals is one of the key characteristics of the spatial structure of a group. Here, we investigated inter-individual distances in Odobenus rosmarus divergens (hereinafter – walrus) aggregations in waters adjacent to four coastal haulouts in the Chukchi Sea, Russia. The analysis of aerial images showed that the majority of the individuals in water were in tight groups (binomial z > 11.37, p < 0.001), in which the distances between walruses were significantly shorter than those outside such groups (LMM coefficient ± SE: 0.14 ± 0.03; p < 0.001). The number of individuals within the groups did not influence the inter-individual distances (LMM coefficient ± SE: 0.05 ± 0.05; p = 0.376) and the density of them was similar across haulouts studied (omnibus χ2(3) = 7.78, p = 0.051). The water areas adjacent to haulouts may provide optimal conditions for social interactions of walruses and potentially play an important role in their social life. The investigation of walrus aggregations in water may become increasingly important in the context of the reducing Arctic ice cover.
Fauna and biotopic distribution of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in the Shaitan-Tau State Nature Reserve, Russia
Authors:   Udmurt State University, Dedyukhin Sergei V.
Published: November 2024

Research on taxonomically diverse groups of insects are an important component of studying biodiversity in Protected Areas of various ranks. Based on the results of original studies (2017–2020), this paper presents for the first time data on the Chrysomelidae family and its species composition in the Shaitan-Tau State Nature Reserve, Russia. The study area is located in the south of the forest-steppe zone of the low mountains of the Southern Urals in the Orenburg Region, Russia. Currently, this Chrysomelidae fauna is one of the most studied ones in Protected Areas of the Southern Urals. In the study area, 180 Chrysomelidae species have been registered, which is 51% of the Chrysomelidae family in the Orenburg Region. In addition, 86 recorded species were found for the first time in the Shaitan-Tau State Nature Reserve, including eight species recorded for the first time in the Orenburg Region. A new species of the genus Altica was discovered in the study area. In terms of the level of species richness, the Chrysomelidae family of the Shaitan-Tau Nature Reserve is comparable with or noticeably richer than other local faunas of the Protected Areas of the Southern Urals. At the same time, this Chrysomelidae fauna has fewer species than of other state nature reserves and national parks in the forest-steppe zone of the Volga Upland. Features of the zoogeographical structure of the Chrysomelidae family in the Shaitan-Tau State Nature Reserve include quite a high number of West-Palaearctic species (23 species; 12.8%), many of which are located there on the eastern limit of their natural ranges, and a low proportion of Central Palaearctic species (3.9%). At the same time, two Siberian species were discovered (Labidostomis sibirica and Gonioctena flavicornis), which are located on relict island sites of their ranges in the Urals. These findings noticably distinguish the studied fauna from the Chrysomelidae of the steppe Protected Areas in the south of the Orenburg Region, where a considerable proportion are representatives of the Kazakh-Turanian genesis. The studied Chrysomelidae fauna is characterised by a set of rich groups of steppe, meadow-steppe, nemoral and, to a lesser extent, boreal forms (a large part of which are located on the lomits of their ranges in the study area), as well as a pronounced spatial mosaic of biotopic complexes (e.g. forest, steppe, floodplains). In general, the data presented in this study objectively characterise the Chrysomelidae fauna of the Shaitan-Tau State Nature Reserve as a reference for the Ural oak forest-steppe ecosystem, which emphasises its important role for the conservation of natural complexes, as well as the knowledge of the current state and historical stages of the formation of biota of the western macroslope of the South Urals.
First record of Epidendrum ×doroteae (Orchidaceae) in South America
Authors:   Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, da Silva David F. , do Nascimento Erlediel G. ,   Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Barberena Felipe F. V. A. ,   Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi,   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia
Published: November 2024

Epidendrum ×doroteae (Orchidaceae), a natural hybrid between Epidendrum ciliare and Epidendrum nocturnum, was hitherto known only from a few specimens collected during the 1940s–1990s in Honduras, Central America. Epidendrum ×doroteae is recorded here for the first time in Nicaragua and in South America, in Brazil. We found three clusters of individuals of the hybrid in sympatry with the parental species on Marajó Island, state of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon, and we recognised two specimens from Nicaragua deposited in the herbaria AMO and MO as E. ×doroteae. Epidendrum ×doroteae and the parental taxa have star-shape flowers with yellowish-green sepals and petals. However, E. ×doroteae differs from the parental species when fertile by the lateral lobes of the lip, which have an irregularly serrate-dentate, rarely slightly fimbriate margin vs. entire to slightly undulate margin in E. nocturnum and distinctly fimbriate margin in E. ciliare.
Review: Formulasi dan Evaluasi Tablet Pelepasan Tertunda dan Pelepasan Terkontrol
Authors: Fatma Ira Dwi , Kartika Yuni , Maryana Ulfah Raden Roro , Rinaldi Muhammad Dodit , Pratama Reza , Pahlevi Muhamad Reza
Published: November 2024

Tablet merupakan suatu bentuk sediaan padat yang mengandung zat aktif dan zat tambahan yang meliputi bahan pengikat, pengisi, penghancur, dan pelicin. Modified Release ini terbagi menjadi dua sistem pelepasan obat yaitu pelepasan tertunda (Delayed Release) dan pelepasan terkontrol (Controlled Release). Tablet lepas terkendali (Controlled Release tablet) adalah pelepasan senyawa yang dapat disesuaikan pada tingkat yang efektif sebagai respon terhadap waktu dan rangsangan. Tablet lepas tertunda (Delayed release tablet) adalah obat yang dilepaskan pada waktu yang lebih lambat setelah pemberian. Metode yang digunakan dalam review ini adalah dengan melakukan penelusuran studi pustaka secara elektronik dengan cara mengakses situs pencarian jurnal internasional dan nasional yang berkaitan  dengan  kata  kunci “Modified Release, Delayed Release, Controlled Release”. Untuk menjamin suatu mutu sediaan obat perlu dilakukan evaluasi. Evaluasi tablet meliputi uji keseragaman bobot, kerapuhan tablet, kekerasan tablet dan disolusi tablet.
Uji Performa Pengaruh Gliserin dalam Formulasi Sabun Cair Cuci Piring
Authors: M Aras Neny Rasnyanti , Fia Lestari Mega
Published: November 2024

Sabun merupakan produk yang wajib ada di rumah yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan guna kenyamanan konsumen. Pembuatan sabun cuci cair menggunakan surfaktan sebagai bahan utama dengan berbagai bahan tambahan berguna meningkatkan kinerjanya. Dalam penelitian ini enam formulasi dibuat untuk menguji kinerja sabun cair cuci piring dengan menambahkan gliserin pada berbagai konsentrasi dengan bahan utama SLES (Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulphate) menggunakan metode dingin. Dengan memasukkan gliserin, SLES, dan bahan ramah lingkungan lainnya dalam formulasi sabun, dimungkinkan untuk menciptakan sabun berkualitas tinggi yang tidak hanya membersihkan secara efektif tetapi juga memberikan nutrisi dan hidrasi pada kulit, memenuhi permintaan yang terus meningkat akan produk yang berkelanjutan dan ramah kulit di industri kosmetik. Keenam variasi yang dihasilkan diukur sifat organoleptik fisik dan kimianya. Kinerja deterjen terbaik dalam hal kelembaban dan tinggi busa ditunjukkan pada formulasi F3 dengan bau yang tidak menyengat berwarna transparan, nilai FFA sebesar 0,09+0,00 dan pH 5,77+0,01 dengan kecenderungan viskositas dan kelembaban yang proporsional satu sama lain dengan campuran gliserin seiring dengan bertambahnya gliserin pada batas tertentu. Secara umum kinerja sabun yang dibuat pada enam formulasi untuk semua parameter tidak terpengaruh dengan penambahan gliserin. Dimana warna  sabun yang dihasilkan transparan, bau yang agak menyengat, kesat, pH diantara 5,85 – 5,91 dan Free Fatty Acid (FFA) sebesar 0.09 %.
Clave para las ninfas de las especies de Ephemeroptera presentes en el Noroeste Argentino
Authors: Molineri Carlos , Nieto Carolina , Emmerich Daniel , Domínguez Eduardo
Published: November 2024

Las especies del orden Ephemeroptera son muy frecuentes en los ríos y arroyos del noroeste argentino (NOA), desde la llanura chaqueña hasta la Puna y los Altos Andes, y con una gran diversidad en la selva de Yungas. Por su rol de buenos indicadores de cambios en el ambiente, estos insectos son ampliamente estudiados y utilizados en monitoreos ambientales. La diversidad a nivel de especies en el NOA es bien conocida, con 68 especies registradas hasta el momento. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una clave para las ninfas de todas las especies presentes en la región, proveyendo así una herramienta para otros estudios que requieran identificar las especies del NOA. Esta clave está diseñada para el NOA (Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán, Catamarca y Santiago del Estero), sin embargo, puede ser utilizada con alto grado de confiabilidad también en La Rioja, Córdoba, San Luis, San Juan y Mendoza, así como en el sur de Bolivia (Tarija).
The mutual shaping mechanism between new quality productive forces and educational equity
Authors: Wang Menglin
Published: November 2024

The relationship between new-quality productivity and educational equity is characterized by close mutual influence and co-evolution. Driven by technological innovation, new-quality productivity is profoundly transforming the economic and social landscape. Educational equity, a crucial component of social justice, is vital for ensuring equal development opportunities for all individuals. The robust growth of new-quality productivity not only optimizes the distribution of educational resources and enhances educational quality but also poses new challenges and demands for equity in education. In turn, the continuous advancement of educational equity provides a solid talent foundation and a conducive environment for innovation to new-quality productivity. These two aspects intertwine and progress together in various domains, including policy systems, cultural values, and educational practices. This interplay highlights the central role of new-quality productivity and educational equity in societal development, while also demonstrating their dynamic and complementary relationship.
Study on the prediction of economic efficiency for a tertiary recycling plant for waste plastics by using the environmental Kuznets’ curve model
Authors: Chien Cheng-Jung , Huang Wu-Jang
Published: November 2024

Plastic products are items that we use every day around us, and their replacement speed are very fast, so that to recycle waste plastic has become the focus of environmental problems. This study has proposed an optimized circular design for the recycle plant of waste plastic, therefore, and our proposed strategy is to build a new tertiary recycling plant to reduce the total generation amount of the derived solid plastic waste from ordinary and secondary recycling plants and the semi-finished products from secondary recycling plant. Results obtained from a real recycle plant has showed that to recycle the tertiary waste plastic in a tertiary recycling plant, the finished products produced from a secondary recycling plant accounts about 27% of ordinary waste plastic, and the semi-finished products that mainly is scrap hardware accounts about 1% of ordinary waste plastic. Other derived solid plastic waste accounts for 6% of ordinary plastic waste. Therefore, if the ordinary, secondary and tertiary recycle plant can be set all-in-one, it can reduce the total generation amount of derived solid plastic waste from 34% to 6%, without and with a tertiary recycling plant, respectively. It can also increase the operating income of the secondary recycle plant and the investment willingness of the new tertiary recycle plant.
Methodological approach to assessing the digital infrastructure of the northern regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Iakhiaev Dilmurad , Grigorishchin Aleksei , Zaikov Konstantin , Bezdudnaya Anna , Ukhanova Anna , Tsvetkova Anna , Fadeev Aleksei
Published: November 2024

The northern territories of Russia need high-quality strategic digital changes in the structure of the regional economy. Digitalization and the introduction of digital technologies in the medium term will be able to transform economic relations in the old industrial and raw materials regions of the North, improve the quality of life of local communities. The growth of digital inequality among the regions under study leads to disproportions in their socio-economic development. The purpose of this study is to develop and test a methodology for assessing the level of development of the digital infrastructure of the Russian northern regions, including classification of an indicators system for each level of digital infrastructure, calculation of an integral index and typology of the territories under study. The objects of the study were 13 northern regions of the Russian Federation, the entire territory of which is classified as regions of the Extreme North and equivalent areas. The methodology made it possible to determine the level of technical, technological and personnel readiness of the northern regions for digitalization, to identify regions with the best solutions at each level of digital infrastructure development. The analysis of the results in dynamics helped to assess the effectiveness of regional policy for managing digitalization processes. As a result, the authors came to the conclusion that increasing the competitiveness of northern regions in the era of rapid digitalization is possible through investments in human capital and the creation of a network of scientific and technological clusters. The presented approach to assessing the development of individual levels and elements of digital infrastructure will allow for the diagnosis of priority needs of territories under study in the field of digitalization. The results of the study can form the basis for regional policy in the field of sustainable digital development of Russia.
Reconstructing IP office governance dynamically: A literature study
Authors: Sukarsono Aditya Sarsito , Fathurahman Heri , Mayasari Ima , Hidayat Syamsul
Published: November 2024

Intellectual property (IP) is a crucial issue as it directly impacts economic growth. This research analyzed the dynamic governance reconstruction within Indonesia’s Ministry of Law and Human Rights aimed at transforming it into a world-class Intellectual Property Office (IPO). A systematic review of 20 articles was conducted. The results showed that the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DGIP) under the Ministry has numerous opportunities to become a world-class IPO. Protecting intellectual works through IP rights enhances inclusiveness, such as ensuring operational freedoms. The Indonesian government is employing dynamic governance methods to contextualize and implement bureaucratic reforms. However, there is resistance to change as old habits conflict with the new order, posing a challenge to bureaucratic reform. Strategies to create a world-class IPO involve improving technology utilization and fostering innovation. The protection of IP rights has widened inclusivity by enabling operational freedoms. Under dynamic governance, the bureaucracy is being restructured to be more context-aware and agile in its execution. Yet, ingrained practices resist reform, creating friction with the new systems being instituted. Initiatives to elevate the DGIP include technological modernization and promoting a more innovative culture. By reviewing these aspects systematically, the research provides insights into the opportunities and challenges in transforming Indonesia’s IP office into a world-class institution capable of driving economic growth through robust IP governance.
Consumer style inventory (CSI) re-examined: The case of millennial decision-making style in a developing market
Authors: Andrlić Berislav , Oniku Ayodele , Akeke Olushola
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the buying styles of young consumers, especially the millennials—Gen Y, and Gen Z whose idiosyncrasies and consumption peculiarities are quite different from the older generations. Besides Sproles and Kendall’s eight (8) consumer-style inventory dimensions, this study presents new dimensions and develops six constructs that define young consumers’ decision-style inventory in a developing market. The study population consisted of all younger consumers—Gen Y, and Gen Z in Lagos State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty-five (125) respondents were selected randomly across all 20 Local Governments in Lagos State, Nigeria. Factor analyses through varimax rotation, latent root criterion (eigenvalue = 1), screen plot test and the percentage of variance were conducted to determine the significant factors to retain among the variables. The findings clearly showed that newly developed CSI constructs in this study (sexiness, trendiness, global branding, smartness, socialisation and entertainment) were strong and significant among young consumers’ decision-making styles. The six (6) constructs developed showed that the younger consumers’ consumption styles are evolving, becoming sophisticated and relatively dynamic, hence the reliance on Sproles and Kendall’s dimensions to measure the younger consumers’ consumption decision styles will be inadequate in business/behaviour strategy development. The dimensions of entertainment, sexy, social, trendy, smartness and global branding variables are mostly underpinned and dominate considerations in purchase decision styles and behaviours among young consumers.
Arts management and economic development: The role of cultural organizations in China’s regional growth
Authors: Jiang Shiyang , Dai Xulong
Published: November 2024

This study explores the role of arts management in regional economic development within major Chinese cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen. Cultural organizations—such as museums, theaters, and galleries—contribute significantly to local economies through tourism, job creation, and the enhancement of cultural branding. Using a qualitative approach, 18 semi-structured interviews with arts managers and policymakers selected based on their influential roles in cultural organizations across these cities. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis, which identified key themes including the economic impact of cultural organizations, the influence of government policies, challenges in arts management, and the role of cultural tourism in fostering regional growth. The findings reveal that while government policies play a pivotal role in supporting cultural organizations, providing crucial funding, tax incentives, and infrastructure development, concerns remain about the long-term sustainability of funding due to shifting political and economic priorities. Additionally, arts managers face challenges related to balancing artistic goals with financial viability, particularly as the sector becomes increasingly competitive and technology-dependent. Key challenges identified include securing stable funding sources, adapting to digital technologies, talent retention, and maintaining artistic integrity amid commercial pressures. The study highlights the need for diversified funding models such as public-private partnerships and alternative revenue streams and suggests further exploration into the role of smaller cultural organizations in rural regions to promote inclusive regional development. Practical recommendations include developing strategies to enhance financial sustainability, investing in digital capabilities, and formulating policies that provide long-term support for the cultural sector. Overall, the research contributes to a better understanding of how effective arts management can drive regional economic development and offers practical recommendations for strengthening the sustainability of China’s cultural sector.
Understanding the Indian Startup Ecosystema Holistic Exploration of Dynamics, Profitability, and Employee Perspectives
Authors: Ananadapadmanabhan Archana , Klave Evija
Published: November 2024

India has established itself as the third-largest global startup ecosystem, with thriving start-ups. Despite commanding high valuations, startups across diverse sectors are grappling with challenges in achieving profitability. Increasing concerns about job security and the potential for additional layoffs in the absence of an improved funding environment are causing apprehension among talent, even within larger startups. The research intends to analyse the Indian startup ecosystem, analyse and compare the profitability of chosen Unicorns and Decacorns in both listed and unlisted categories, and understand the employee perception of working in startups. An analytical research design is followed. To understand employee perception, a survey facilitated through a structured questionnaire has been conducted among 100 employees of startups situated in Karnataka and Kerala, regions distinguished for their highly supportive ecosystems. Analysis depicted a discrepancy in profitability suggesting that Decacorns, with their startup status, robust valuations, and soaring operating revenue, have yet to establish themselves as consistently profitable entities. Findings from the employee survey highlight that learning opportunities and accelerated career growth stand out as motivating factors for choosing employment in startups. Conversely, the downsides include concerns about change, job insecurity, and workload. The comprehension of stock options at the knowledge level was evident, potentially serving as a stirring factor for startups to incorporate into their employee benefits.
Film Policy and Film Distribution: The Case of the Baltic Film Industries
Authors: Dabrovolskas Audrius
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study is to analyse the development of the Baltic film distribution markets and to provide new recommendations for its potential growth based on mission economy approach and bigger role of the states in co-creating and co-shaping the markets especially for the Baltic co-production of films and their distribution. The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods for data extraction and analysis. Firstly, descriptive statistics as a method was used to analyse the market shares of the main film distribution companies in Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian film industries. Furthermore, 5 semi-structured interviews with experts from the Baltic film industries were conducted. As a result of the research, the author concludes that there is a potential in family genre films that are produced in the Baltic States, but in general the Baltic co-production films lack quality, storytelling that would arouse the interest of the audience and potentially new regional film fund “Baltic Film and TV Fund” would have to focus not only on increased financing for co-productions, but also on other measures that would help to produce better quality genre films including co-productions and their distribution.
International Law on the Use of Force and Hybrid Warfare
Authors: Kailius Marius
Published: November 2024

This article will consider the primary legal issues under international law on the use of force presented by Hybrid warfare. The legal terminology with regards to warfare has developed separately under laws on the use of force and the laws of armed conflict. Under the UN Charter, for example States have the obligation not to use force in their international relations and to settle any dispute peacefully. It constitutes a general prohibition on the threat or use of force and concludes that all Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations. Nevertheless, the UN Charter provides exceptions to the use of force through self-defence and the authorization of the Security Council to maintain or restore international peace and security. Mainly concerns are raised about the abuse of such thresholds by adversaries for their own tactical and strategic advantage.
FDI and their participation in global value chains: An analysis based on East Asia
Authors: Mbena Jacques Yana
Published: November 2024

Subject and purpose of work

East Asia, particularly China, Japan, and South Korea has experienced rapid economic growth in recent decades, partly through active participation in global value chains (GVCs). Foreign direct investment (FDI) has played a crucial role in this process, enabling the transfer of technology and skills and access to international markets. This paper aims to empirically analyse the effects of FDI on GVCs in East Asian countries over the last two decades.

Materials and methods

The paper covers six East Asian countries from 2000 to 2022 and explores the relationship between FDI and GVCs using the Driscoll and Kraay (1998) estimator. The estimation techniques are ordinary least squares (OLS) and feasible generalized least squares (FGLS).

Results

The results reveal that FDI inflows into East Asia positively and significantly affect the countries participation in GVCs, both upstream and downstream.

Conclusions

These results suggest the need to support FDI in Asian countries to improve their participation in GVCs.
The impact of industrial zones on regional attractiveness and competitiveness in Algeria
Authors: Ferdj Younes
Published: November 2024

Subject and purpose of work

Industrial zones in Algeria play a crucial role in shaping the attractiveness and competitiveness of the country’s regions. The impact of these zones extends beyond economic factors, influencing the overall appeal and competitive edge of different regions. Understanding the dynamics of industrial zones is essential for comprehending Algeria’s economic landscape and its efforts to enhance regional development. The primary objective of this article is to shed light on industrial zones and their impacts on regional industrial attractiveness and competitiveness in Algeria. Firstly, it involves clarifying the concept of regional attractiveness and competitiveness in relation to their economic, environmental, and social dimensions. This leads us, secondly, to examine non-institutional actors, specifically companies, and their interactions with their regions, based on an understanding of the local area, including the effect of industrial zones on the attractiveness and competitiveness of local companies.

Materials and methods

This study relies on the results of research conducted through a quantitative statistical survey among a sample of 110 companies (SMEs) located in various industrial zones in the Blida Province, allowing us to specify the impact of these industrial zones on local attractiveness and competitiveness.

Results

The results of our survey show that the industrial zones in Blida Province are highly conducive to the establishment of businesses, attracting project initiators effectively. The large number of businesses located in industrial zones and activity areas demonstrates that these zones remain attractive and present certain competitive advantages.

Conclusions

Industrial zones can play a key role in local industrial attractiveness and dynamics. When well-planned and managed, they can stimulate economic growth, promote employment, encourage innovation, and support local and sustainable development.