bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial development and compliance in vocational rehabilitation: A pilot study
Authors: Morgan Joy E.
Published: December 2019

Objective: Vocational rehabilitation (VR) is an evidence based treatment modality. Participation in VR improves a range of outcomes for persons with mental illness. There is a need to improve client compliance in these programs, and specifically to measure psychosocial development, which is a primary goal of psychosocial rehabilitation. Design: This study used measures of stage of change, which predict client compliance with other forms of behavioral health treatment, and piloted a measure of psychosocial development for association with compliance in vocational rehabilitation. Clients’ goals and expectations in the program were also explored. Results: Several of the stage of change measures were correlated with compliance in this program. The measure of psychosocial development used, the Connection-Disconnection Scale, was correlated with several of the stage of change measures. Clients’ goals in the program were explicitly psychosocial. Discussion: Findings regarding stage of change and compliance suggest that VR programs should consider incorporating the processes, goals and techniques associated with stage of change. In addition, the findings regarding psychosocial development suggest that encouraging mutual empathy and peer support may also help to improve compliance, as well as meet clientgoals.
Personal navigation, life coaching, and case management: Approaches for enhancing health and employment support services
Authors: Ozaki Rebecca Rude , Schneider Jean Isip , Hall Jean P. , Moore Janice M. , Linkins Karen W. , Brya Jennifer J. , Oelschlaeger Allison , Bohman Thomas M. , Christensen Kristin , Wallisch Lynn , Stoner Dena , Reed Brian , Ostermeyer Britta
Published: December 2019

The national Demonstration to Maintain Independence and Employment (DMIE) projects examined whether providing comprehensive and coordinated health and employment services could help people with significant mental, physical and/or chronic health issues remain employed and independent of government benefits. Four states implemented interventions using different models that shared a person-centered approach. This paper describes how DMIE interventions were defined and implemented, compares models developed by states, and identifies factors that facilitated and/or limited their success.
Influencing the disability trajectory for workers with serious mental illness: Lessons from Minnesota's Demonstration to Maintain Independence and Employment
Authors: Linkins Karen W. , Brya Jennifer J. , Oelschlaeger Allison , Simonson Brian , Lahiri Soumita , McFeeters Joshua , Schutze Maik , Jonas Jennifer , Mowry Mary Alice
Published: December 2019

Without access to needed health and employment support services, working individuals with serious mental illness risk developing long term dependence on federal disability programs. Minnesota's DMIE intervention aimed to prevent or delay the disability progression by providing working persons with mental illness a comprehensive set of health, behavioral health, and employment support services, coordinated through a navigator. Potentially eligible study participants were identified through analyses of the Minnesota MMIS using an algorithm targeting mental health service and pharmacy utilization. The eligible sample was stratified and randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 1,257) or control (n = 300) group. Data sources included MMIS, other administrative data, and navigator encounter data to capture utilization of health, mental health, employment support services, and other public services, as well as annual earnings. Participants also completed an annual survey. Multivariate analyses found that individuals in the intervention group had greater access to health and mental health services, greater improvements in functioning, and were significantly less likely to report applying for SSDI at the end of 12 months of enrollment. Multivariate analyses focusing only on individuals in the intervention group demonstrated that participants who engaged with their navigator had better mental health status and were significantly less inclined to apply for SSDI after 12 months of the intervention. Study findings are important because SSDI beneficiaries with psychiatric disabilities are the fastest-growing, largest, and most costly disability group in the SSDI program.
Successful approaches to placing and supporting apprentices and trainees with disability in Australia
Authors: Lewis Greg , Thoresen Stian H. , Cocks Errol
Published: December 2019

This paper presents an amalgamation of three sequential research projects conducted by EDGE Employment Solutions over the past decade. The first project, commenced in 1999, was a local initiative to increase the number of apprentices and trainees with disability being supported by EDGE. The completion rate for participants in this project was equivalent to that of people without disability undertaking apprenticeships and traineeships in Australia. However, it was found that Group Training Organisations, who hire apprentices and trainees to then place them with different employers, did not have the necessary skills or resources to place and support people with disability. To fill this gap, the second research project, undertaken in 2002, surveyed all 180 Group Training Organisations operating in Australia. This was followed by a site visit of six GTOs who were most successful in their disability efforts, to discern best practice in placing and supporting apprentices and trainees with disability. The third research project, which built on the findings of the previous two projects, was initiated in 2003 and enlisted 20 Group Training Organisations and 20 Disability Employment Services from around Australia to form partnerships to capitalise on their complementary expertise and resources. Apprenticeship and traineeship completion rates for participants in the third project surpassed those for people without disability in Australia. This paper presents and discusses the successful strategies researched and developed through these three projects.
Understanding employers' hiring intention in relation to qualified workers with disabilities
Authors: Fraser Robert , Ajzen Icek , Johnson Kurt , Hebert James , Chan Fong
Published: December 2019

The present study focused on the intentions of employers to reach out toward qualified workers with disabilities as part of their hiring pool recruitment activity. An employer survey was developed in accord with the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 2005). According to the tenets of the model, it was hypothesized that through multiple regression, it would be demonstrated that employer attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control variables predict the intention to engage in hiring behavior toward qualified workers with disabilities in the next six months. Overall, the model accounted for 67% of the variance in the survey of Northwest employers (n = 92) in relation to hiring intentions with normative influences (CEOs, CFOs, etc.) accounting for the greater proportion of the variance, beta coefficient 0.48, p < 0.01. Attitudes toward the hiring behavior and perceived control had lesser beta weights, 0.24 and 0.22, p < 0.05. Implications of these findings and those from the focus groups used to develop the survey are reviewed in detail relative to more effective vocational rehabilitation marketing efforts.
Tris(2-sulfidopyridine N-oxide-κ2O,S)arsenic(III): An arsenic(III) complex having three 5-membered rings
Authors: Nastopoulos Vassilios , Ioannou Panayiotis V. , Manos Manolis J.
Published: December 2019

The reaction of arsenic(III) oxide and 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide in methanol at 25°C led to a yellowish powder containing microcrystals of tris(2-sulfidopyridine N-oxide-κ2O,S)arsenic(III) suitable for X-ray analysis(triclinic, P$\overline 1 $, a = 9.6961(5) Å, b = 10.3412(6) Å, c = 10.4879(6) Å, α = 70.684(5)°, β = 75.249(4)°, γ = 62.061(4)°, Z = 2). Each of the three 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide ligand chelates to the arsenic atom through the S and the loosely-coordinating O atom, thus forming a pseudo-chelate 5-membered ring that is not usual in the arsenic structural chemistry.
Osmium(VIII) catalyzed oxidation of an antibiotic drug chloramphenicol by hexacyanoferrate(III) in aqueous alkaline medium: A mechanistic approach
Authors: Budri Mahantesh B. , Mangalgatti Zahiruddin A. , Hullur Megharaj B. , Meti Manjunath D. , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T. , Chimatadar Shivamurti A.
Published: December 2019

The kinetics of osmium(VIII) catalyzed oxidation of antibiotic drug chloramphenicol by hexacyanoferrate(III) in aqueous alkaline medium was studied spectrophotometrically at 25°C. The reaction between chloramphenicol and hexacyanoferrate(III) in alkaline medium exhibits 1:2 stoichiometry (CHP:HCF(III)). The reaction is first order in [HCF(III)] and [Os(VIII)] and apparently less than unit order in [CHP] and [OH−] under the experimental conditions. The main oxidation products were identified by TLC and characterized by GCMS, IR, and 1H NMR spectra. The active species for the catalyst and oxidant have been identified. Probable mechanism are proposed and discussed. The activation parameters with respect to the slow step of the mechanism were computed and thermodynamic quantities are calculated.
Synthesis, hydrolysis and fluorescence of Schiff base derivatives of (±) trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) in Co(II), Zn(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes
Authors: Lashanizadegan Maryam , Sarkheil Marzieh
Published: December 2019

The Schiff base ligands trans-N,N′-bis[benzylidene]cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (L1) and trans-N,N′-bis [cinnamalidene]cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (L2) were synthesized. The reaction of L1 with MCl2.xH2O (M = Co, Zn, Ni, Cu) in ethanol, undergoes partial hydrolysis of the imino bond and results bidentate ligand (L1′) which immediately formed the complexes [ML1′Cl2] with N2 coordination sphere. L2 reacts with MCl2.xH2O (M = Co, Zn) in ethanol and gives complexes [ML2Cl2]. The reaction of L2 with MCl2.xH2O (M = Ni, Cu) in ethanol undergoes hydrolysis of the imino bond and [M (DACH)Cl2] complexes are formed. The ligands and complexes were analyzed by elemental analysis, UV-VIS, FT-IR, 1H NMR, GC/MS and luminescence properties. The ligands and complexes display intra-ligand (π–π*) fluorescence in the solid state at room temperature.
Ni-doped CoFe2O4 nanoferrite as a novel catalyst for selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde
Authors: Yousefi M. , Kamel Attar Kar M.
Published: December 2019

The aim of this work is the synthesis of Ni-doped CoFe2O4 ferrite as a robust, safe and magnetically recoverable catalyst by sol-gel auto-combustion method to catalyze oxidation of benzyl alcohol. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, EDXA, FT-IR and VSM. An environmentally benign oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant and Ni-doped CoFe2O4 as catalysts was treated under solvent-free condition in microwave condition. Ni-doped CoFe2O4 showed convenient catalytic activity. The resulting product was characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR. The catalyst can be recovered and reused.
Synthesis, spectral characterization of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff bases derived from 3-formyl quinoline and 2,6-diaminopyridine and their biological studies
Authors: Narayanachar  , Dhumwad Shreedhar D. , Mutalik Srinivas , Hugar Mallinath H. , Naik Praveen N.
Published: December 2019

A series of Schiff bases derived from 2-mercapto-3-formyl quinoline/2-hydroxy-3-formyl quinoline with 2,6-diaminopyridine (DAP) and their corresponding transition metal complexes were synthesized, characterized by elemental analysis, spectral (IR, 1H-NMR, Mass, UV-Vis, Fluorescence, ESR, TGA) and magnetic studies. The molar conductances in DMF solution indicated that the complexes were non-electrolytic. The Schiff bases and their metal complexes were screened for analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities. Among all the compounds, the copper complexes had the greatest pharmacological activities.
Dioxygen activation by Bi(III) compounds: Air oxidation of thiols to their disulfides
Authors: Ioannou Panayiotis V.
Published: December 2019

Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, reacts with aliphatic and aromatic thiols giving trithiolates, Bi(SR)3 and Bi(SAr)3, some of them being catalytically active for the air oxidation of their thiols to disulfides. The process most likely involves activation of triplet dioxygen by Bi(III) to give Bi(V) esters [(RS)3BiO]x and [(ArS)3BiO]x. These esters decompose intramolecularly to their disulfides and Bi(III) subthiolates (RS-BiO)x/(ArS-BiO)x which in the presence of excess thiols regenerate the trithiolates, repeating the cycle. Nitric acid, released from bismuth nitrate, may also be involved as an oxidant. Bis(dimethylarsinato)(nitrato)bismuth(III) monohydrate, (Me2AsO2)2Bi(NO3)·H2O, catalyzes the autoxidation of certain thiols to their disulfides. It acts by either forming Bi(III) trithiolates, as in the case of Bi(NO3)3·5H2O or, when the cacodylate groups are not stripped off the Bi(III), by probably generating peroxynitric acid. The synthetic usefulness of these reagents are assessed and probable biochemical implications of these findings are discussed.
Direct and indirect spectrophotometric determination of some selected antibiotics using potassium permanganate
Authors: El-Didamony Akram M. , Saad Monir Z. , El-Shaprawy Dina S.
Published: December 2019

Two spectrophotometric methods were developed for the quantitative determination of Cefoperazone (CFP) and Amoxicillin (AMX) in pure forms as well as their active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The methods are based on a redox reaction between the selected drugs and KMnO4 in alkaline or acid media. Direct spectrophotometry (method A) involves treating the aqueous solution of the selected drugs with KMnO4 in alkaline medium and measuring the bluish-green product at 610 nm. In indirect spectrophotometry (method B), the drug solutions were treated with a fixed concentration of KMnO4 in acidic medium followed by the determination of the unreacted oxidant by measuring the decrease in absorbance of methylene blue at 665 nm. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the color were carefully studied and optimized. Beer's law is obeyed over 2.0–40 (method A) and 0.8–7.2 μg/mL (method B). The molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, detection and quantification limits were also calculated. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) values demonstrated the validity of the two methods for the drugs in pure form and as the API. Statistical comparison of the results with a well-established official method showed excellent agreement and proved that there is no significant difference in the accuracy and precision.
Preparation, crystal structure, thermal decomposition and explosive properties of the novel compound [Mg(H2O)6](ATZ)2(PA)2 (ATZ = 4-Amino-1,2,4-triazole and PA = Picrate)
Authors: Wu Bi-Dong , Zhang Tong-Lai , Li Yu-Lu , Zhou Zun-Ning , Yang Li , Zhang Jian-Guo
Published: December 2019

The novel coordination compound of [Mg(H2O)6](ATZ)2(PA)2 (1) was synthesized by using 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ) and picrate (PA) and characterized by elemental analysis and FT–IR spectrum. The crystal structure was determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction and the crystallographic data showed the crystal belong to triclinic, pertains to P–1 space group, α = 6.980(4)Å, b = 7.047(4)Å, c = 15.603(10)Å, α = 83.84(2)°, β = 81.99(1)° and γ = 82.66(2)°. The Mg(II) ion is six–coordinated with six oxygen atoms from crystal water molecules and exhibits distorted–octahedral configuration. Furthermore, thermal analysis indicated a melting point peak at 133.5°C, and then three main exothermic processes occurred as shown in the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) curve corresponding to thermogravimetry–derivative thermogravimetry (TG–DTG) curves. The kinetic parameters of the first exothermic process were studied by using Kissinger's method and Ozawa's method. The enthalpy of formation, critical temperature of thermal explosion, entropy of activation (ΔS≠), enthalpy of activation (ΔH≠), and free energy of activation (ΔG≠) were calculated and obtained as −3172.15 kJ·mol−1, 506.92 K, −160.36 kJ·mol−1, 134.91 J·(·Kmol)−1 and 213.73 kJ·mol−1, respectively. The flame and impact sensitivities measuring results showed the 50% firing heights were 9.6 cm and 78.5 cm ( = 38.5 J), respectively.
Antibacterial activities and spectroscopic characterization of synthetic metal complexes of 4-(3-(hydroxyimino)-4-oxopentan-2-ylidene)amino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one
Authors: El-Tabl Abdou S. , Shakdofa Mohamad M.E. , Herash Belal M.
Published: December 2019

A new series of manganese(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II) mercury(II) strontium(II), chromium(III), iron(III) and zirconyl(II) complexes of 4-3-(hydroxyimino)-4-oxopentan-2-ylidene)amino)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3(2H)-one(HL) have been prepared and characterized by elemental and thermal (TG) analyses, IR, UV-VIS, 1H-NMR, ESR and mass spectra as well as magnetic susceptibilities and conductivities measurements. Molar conductance in DMSO solvent indicated that, all complexes are nonelectrolytes except complexes (3), (10), (11) and (15) are electrolyte. The spectral data showed that, the ligand behaved either as neutral tridentate, as in complexes (3), (4), (5), (13) and (15), monobasic tridentate, as in complexes (2), (6), (8–12) and (14) or monobasic tetradentate ligand, as in complex (7), bonding to the metal ions through the nitrogen atom of the protonated or deprotonated oxime group, carbonyl oxygen atom of antipyrine moiety and azomethine group nitrogen atom $\upsilon$ (C = N)imine or oxamato oxygen atom forming rings including the metal ion. The electronic spectra showed that, the complexes are distorted octahedral geometry. The ESR spectra of solid copper(II) complexes (2) showed g $_{\Vert}$ > g $_{\bot}$ > ge, indicating distorted octahedral structure and the presence of the unpaired electron in a d(x2-y2) orbital with significant mixed covalent or ionic bond character, however, copper(II), complex (3) showed isotropic spectrum. The antibacterial activities of the ligand and its complexes against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtitles which studied by disk diffusion method indicated that, some complexes are more active than the free ligand.
Crystal structure, luminescence properties and biological studies of a novel polymeric cadmiumII compound: [Cd(Clphtpy)(NCS)(NO3)]n
Authors: Saghatforoush Lotfali , Rudbari Hadi Amiri , Nicolò Francesco , Asgari Parvin , Chalabian Firoozeh , Katozian Fatemeh
Published: December 2019

The new 1D coordination polymer, [Cd(Clphtpy)(NCS)(NO3)]n (Clphtpy = 4′- chlorophenyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine), was prepared and characterized by CHN elemental analysis, 1H NMR-, IR spectroscopy and analyzed structurally by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. X-ray crystallography data showed that the asymmetric unit of complex comprised an independent mononuclear cadmium complex with a seven-coordinate “CdN4O2S” core. The complex was tested against four gram-positive and four gram-negative bacteria. It exhibited good activity against most of the bacteria and its activity was better than gentamicin as a standard antibiotic. The luminescence properties of the free ligand and the complex were investigated.
Synthesis, crystal structure and thermal behavior of a new 1D polymeric strontium complex with tetrazole-1-acetic acid
Authors: Huang Hui-Sheng , Li Zhi-Min , Zhang Guo-Tao , Zhang Tong-Lai , Hu Wu-Hong
Published: December 2019

A new 1D polymeric strontium compound [Sr(tza)2(H2O)2]n was synthesized by reaction of tetrazole-1-acetic acid (Htza) with strontium carbonate, and characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction, elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. The central Sr(II) atom is coordinated by eight O atoms from 4 tza− ions and two water molecules. A zigzag chain along the c-axis is constructed by the tridentate tza− anion bridging two Sr(II) atoms. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric-differential thermogravimetric (TG-DTG) analyses were applied to assess the thermal decomposition behavior. The kinetic parameters were obtained by non-isothermal reaction kinetics, and the Arrhenius equation can be expressed as lnk = 22.17–258.2 × 103/RT. The critical temperature of thermal explosion values, ΔS≠, ΔH≠ and ΔG≠ were obtained at 562 K as, −65.71 J mol−1 K−1, 255.51 kJ mol−1 and 291.78 kJ mol−1, respectively.
Mechanistic investigation of ruthenium (III) catalysed oxidation of vitamin B6 by diperiodatoargentate (III) in aqueous alkaline medium
Authors: Patil Deepa G. , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T.
Published: December 2019

The oxidation of a Vitamin B6 by diperiodatoargentate (III) (DPA) was carried out in presence of ruthenium (III) catalyst in the alkaline medium at 25°C and at a constant ionic strength of 0.50 mol dm−3 spectrophotometrically. The reaction was first order with respect to [DPA] whereas the apparent order with respect to Vitamin B6, Ru (III) and alkali concentrations were less than unity. The order changes from first order to zero order as the Vitamin B6 and alkali concentrations were increased. Addition of periodate had no effect on the rate of the reaction. Effect of added products, ionic strength and dielectric constant of the reaction medium has been investigated in the presence of Ru (III). The reaction in an alkaline medium proceeds via Ru(III)-Vitamin B6 complex, which further reacts with one mole of DPA in the rate determining step to give the product. The reaction constants involved in the different steps of the mechanism were calculated. The catalytic constant (KC) was also calculated at different temperatures. The activation parameters with respect to the slow step of the mechanism were determined and discussed.
Direct prediction of molten alkali halides surface tension
Authors: Aqra Fathi
Published: December 2019

A model for predicting the surface tension of molten alkali halides is described. A relationship exists between the surface tension (γ), at the melting point (Tm), molar volume (V) and inter-nuclear distance (D) where all the parameters are known constants. The formula results in surface tension values that are in good agreement with the experimental data within a difference of less than 10% for most of the salts under study.
Effect of ferrocene concentration on the quality of multiwalled CNTs grown by floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition technique
Authors: Shukrullah S. , Mohamed N.M. , Shaharun M.S. , Naz M.Y.
Published: December 2019

Controllable synthesis of quality carbon nanotubes is a precondition for their broad applications. The objective of the work was to study the effect of catalyst concentration on the quality, diameter, length, alignment and crystallinity of the grown multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). To meet the stated objective, MWCNTs were successfully synthesized by using floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition technique. The ferrocene concentration was varied from 0.1 to 0.2 g and MWCNTs were synthesized with ethylene as a carbon precursor at reaction temperature of 850°C. The grown MWCNTs were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The obtained data revealed that an increase in concentration of the ferrocene significantly affects the diameter, crystallinity and growth of nanotubes, however, negligible effect on the CNTs forest length was noticed. The dense, uniform and meadow like patterns of grown CNTs were observed for 0.15 g ferrocene. The average diameter of the grown CNTs was ranged from 32–75 nm. Above 0.15 g ferrocene, some of the grown CNTs were found defective and few black spots were also appeared in TEM images.
Tolerance of various biological species to triorganotins
Authors: Far Rowan , Yimer Hirut , Delao Hernández José H. , Ferguson James , Osunsade Adewola , Hoerner Jana , Knighton Russell , Robinson Joni , Graves Stephanie , Song Xueqing , Pike Robert D. , Eng George
Published: December 2019

Several triphenyltin chloride picoline N-oxide adducts were synthesized. X-ray studies of triphenyltin chloride 4-picoline N-oxide indicate that the adduct has a distorted trigonal bipyramid (TBP) configuration with the phenyl groups in the equatorial positions and the axial positions being occupied by the 4-picoline N-oxide ligand and chlorine atom. Structures of the other adducts are assumed to be similar based on the IR spectra. Multinuclear NMR studies indicated that the TBP configuration is lost in solution. Screening results of the adducts against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) indicate that the E. coli were more tolerant to the adducts. In addition to the adducts, three other series of triorganotins that incorporated various modified fragments of pyrethroids were also tested against B. subtilis and E. coli. No common order of toxicity was observed for these compounds based on the organic group attached to the tin atom. In addition to the evaluation of the triphenyltin chloride adducts and modified triorganotins against the two bacteria, 12 commercial triorganotins were evaluated against a freshwater snail, Biomphalaria glabrata (B. glabrata). The screening results indicated that the bacteria are more tolerant to the triorganotins than B. glabrata.
In situ hydrothermal synthesis of 2D zinc-tetrazolate framework and hydrothermal conversion of framework to ZnO nano and micro-structures
Authors: Jahani Khadijeh , Dehghanpour Saeed , Lipkowski Janusz
Published: December 2019

5-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-1H-tetrazole ligand (HL) was synthesized by Sharpless method. Furthermore, a tetrazole based Zn(II) metal organic framework, [Zn(L)2]n (1), (L = 5-(4-Chlorobenzyl)tetrazolate), was synthesized by in situ reaction of 4-chlorobenzeneacetonitrile, NaN3 and ZnCl2 under hydrothermal conditions. Both compounds are structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 displays undulated 2D layers, sql/Shubnikov tetragonal plane net with (44.62) point symbol. Fluorescence measurements and thermogravimetric analysis of 1 were also performed. In addition, we describe here a complex precursor, hydrothermal route to prepare ZnO nano and micro structures. The effects of reaction temperature and pH on the growth process and morphology of ZnO nano and micro structures were investigated. Finally, a possible growth mechanism is proposed. The obtained samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
Synthesis, thermal and light absorption properties of push-pull azochromophores substituted with dendronizing phenyl and perfluorophenyl fragments
Authors: Laipniece Lauma , Kampars Valdis
Published: December 2019

4′-[N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-N-methylamino]-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-4-nitroaz obenzene (1) has been synthesized in azo coupling reaction. Nine different analogues of 1 has been prepared symmetrically and alternately substituted with dendritic phenyl and perfluorophenyl moieties using standard methods for ester and ether bond formation and azo coupling reaction. Thermal and light absorption properties of the azochromophores have been examined. The effect of trityl, tetrahydropyranyl, hydroxyl, pentafluorophenyloxy and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl propionate moieties on glass transition, melting point and thermal stability has been proposed.
Spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of gemifloxacin in bulk and tablets
Authors: El-Didamony Akram M. , Abo-Elsoad Mona O.
Published: December 2019

Two sensitive, selective, accurate spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of gemifloxacin (GMFX) in bulk and tablets. The first method (A) was based on a reaction between gemifloxacin with zirconium (IV) in presence of acetate buffer of pH 6.0 to give highly fluorescent derivatives. The reaction was monitored spectrofluorimetrically by measuring the emission of the reaction product at 397 nm and excitation maxima at 265 nm. Various factors affecting the relative fluorescence intensity of the resulting chelate were studied and optimized. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range 0.5–4.0 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The second method (B) was based on formation of ternary complex between palladium (II), eosin and GMFX in the presence of methyl cellulose as surfactant and acetate-HCl buffer pH of 4.0. Spectrophotometrically, under the optimum conditions, the ternary complex showed absorption maximum at 530 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range 2.0–22 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The composition of the complex, studied by the limiting logarithmic method shows that the molar ratio GMFX: Pd (II): eosin is 1:1:1. The detection and quantification limits were also calculated. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of gemifloxacin in its pharmaceutical product with mean percentage recoveries of 98.9%.
Synthesis, structures and properties of two novel supramolecular polymers of Cu(I) with 1,1′-Bis(isoquinoline)-1,4-Phenyldimethylenyl
Authors: Wang Chaohai , Song Lisha , Niu Yunyin , Liang Yu
Published: December 2019

Two new complexes {(BIQPM)2[Cu4I8]·DMF}n (1) and {(BIQPM)[Cu2(SCN)4]}n (2) [BIQPM = 1,1′-Bis(isoquinoline)-1,4-Phenyldimethylenyl] have been synthesized via the self-assembly reaction in solution. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows compound 1 is a tetranuclear oligomer and 2 is a 1D chain. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group C2/m; Compound 2 crystallizes in the triclinic system with space group P-1. It is the H-bonds and electrostatic interactions between the organic counteractions and inorganic moieties that do the contribution to the crystal packing. These compounds have been further characterized by IR spectroscopy and thermostability.
The nucleophilicity of M(SPh)$_{3}$ (M=P, As) and PhAs(SPh)$_{2}$ towards	carboxylic acid anhydrides
Authors: Tsivgoulis G.M. , Ioannou P.V.
Published: December 2019

The reaction of P(SPh) $_{3}$ , As(SPh) $_{3}$ , and Ph-As(SPh) $_{2}$ with carboxylic acid anhydrides gives not only the thiol esters RCOSPh, but also the easily identified triphenyl phosphorotrithioate O=P(SPh) $_{3}$ , diphenyl disulfide PhSSPh, and the anion RCOO $^{-}$ in various proportions depending on the reaction conditions (in solution or neat at 120°C; in the absence and in the presence of an anhydride activator). The probable origin of the additional products is discussed.
An expeditious synthesis of 1,2,4-triazolinones appended to 1,3-thiazoles using zinc triflate as catalyst
Authors: Kattimani Pramod P. , Raikar Shraddha V. , Kamble Ravindra R. , Kariduraganavar Mahadevappa Y. , Hunnur Raveendra K.
Published: December 2019

A convenient and high yielding method was developed for the ring transformation of 1,3,4-oxadiazolinones (2a–e) from 3-arylsydnones (1a–e) to 1,2,4-triazolinones (3a–e) using zinc triflate as catalyst and then appended to 1,3-thiazoles via an imino bridge in one-pot reaction with excellent yields. The novel compounds were further scored for c logP values, drug likeliness, drug score and toxicity rates using molecular OSIRIS property explorer. Selective compounds were also screened for antimicrobial studies.
The nucleophilicity of M(SPh)3 (M = P, As) and L-As(SPh)2 (L = Ph, 2-O2N-Ph) towards fatty acyl chlorides, RCOCl
Authors: Ioannou P.V. , Tsivgoulis G.M.
Published: December 2019

The reaction of P(SPh)3, As(SPh)3, Ph-As(SPh)2 and 2-O2N-C6H4-As(SPh)2 with palmitoyl chloride was studied. In dichloromethane at room temperature these reactions did not give the thiol ester RCOSPh, but diphenyl disulfide PhSSPh instead, with yields that were depended on the absence or the presence of an activator [pyridine or 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)]. At 90°C P(SPh)3 and palmitoyl chloride gave RCOSPh but not PhSSPh either in the absence or in the presence of pyridine or DMAP. On the other hand, As(SPh)3, Ph-As(SPh)2 and 2-O2N-C6H4-As(SPh)2 with palmitoyl chloride at 90°C gave mixtures of RCOSPh and PhSSPh in proportions depending on the absence or the presence of pyridine or DMAP. Probable mechanistic paths to these products are proposed.
Mechanistic aspects of oxidation of loop diuretic drug furosemide by Ag(III) periodate complex in alkali media: A kinetic approach
Authors: Malode Shweta J. , Shetti Nagaraj P. , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T.
Published: December 2019

The kinetics of oxidation of a loop diuretic drug furosemide (Fur) by diperiodatoargentate(III) (DPA) has been investigated spectrophotometrically in alkaline medium at a constant ionic strength of 0.20 mol dm−3. The stoichiometry was 1 : 2 (Fur: DPA). The order of the reaction with respect to [DPA] was unity while the order with respect to [Fur] was less than unity over the concentration range studied. The rate increased with increase in [OH−] and decreased with increase in [IO4−]. The oxidation products were identified as 2-(4-carboxy-2-oxo-but-3-enylamino)-4-chloro-5-sulfamoyl-benzoic acid and Ag(I). The reaction constants involved in the different steps of the reaction mechanism were calculated. Kinetic experiments suggest that [Ag(H2IO6)(H2O)2] is the reactive silver(III) species.
The reaction of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, with some heterobifunctional aliphatic thiols
Authors: Ioannou P.V.
Published: December 2019

The reactions of Bi(NO3)3·5H2O with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid, L-cysteine, DL-homocysteine, DL-penicillamine and L-glutathione under 1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 1 : 3 mole ratios in the presence of variable amounts of triethylamine were studied. The compounds RS-Bi(NO3)2 were unstable either releasing NO2 or by expelling one NO3− gave cyclic or polymeric products. The compounds (RS)2Bi(NO3) were obtained in the presence of two Et3N but with three Et3N removal of the NO3− lead to polymeric products. The trithiolates were obtained with a 3 : 1 : 3 stoichiometry. A notable exception was the behaviour of DL-penicillamine which gave other than the expected products. The di- and trithiolates are kinetically labile and can add or remove, respectively, thiols. These findings may have biochemical implications when Bi(III) is in a cell.
Synthesis and reactivity of a zirconocene bis-(aminoborylphosphane)
Authors: Chen Tuqiang , Duesler Eileen N. , Nöth Heinrich , Evangelisti C. , Paine Robert T.
Published: December 2019

The reaction of Cp2ZrCl2 with LiP(H)B(Ni-Pr2)2 • DME in a 1 : 2 ratio provides the metallodiphosphane Cp2Zr[P(H)B(Ni-Pr2)2]2 (5). Combination of 5 with Mo(CO)4(norbornadiene) gives the diphosphane adduct Cp2Zr[P(H)B{}(Ni-Pr2)2] 2Mo(CO)4 (7) in which 5 acts as a bidentate chelating ligand. The reaction of 5 with n-BuLi in a 1 : 1 ratio generates a phosphane-phosphide “ate” complex Li{Cp2Zr[P(H)B(Ni-Pr2)2][PB(Ni-Pr2)2]} • DME (8). This unusual complex contains a planar, asymmetric ZrPLiP ring. The compounds have been characterized by spectroscopic methods and the molecular structures of 7 and 8 have been determined by X-ray diffraction methods.
Sensitive spectrophotometric assay of psychoactive drug in pharmaceutical formulations and in biological fluids using redox reaction
Authors: EL-Didamony Akram M. , Hafeez Sameh M.
Published: December 2019

This paper reports on the analytical application of the oxidation reaction of psychoactive drug, chlorpromazine HCl (CPZ) by N-bromosuccinimide and potassium permanganate. The present study develops four new, simple, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric methods for the analysis of chlorpromazine HCl (CPZ) in dosage forms and in biological fluids. The methods are based on the oxidation of chlorpromazine HCl by a known excess of N-bromosuccinimide and potassium permanganate under acidic conditions followed by the determination of unreacted oxidants by four different reaction schemes. The amount of oxidants reacted corresponds to drug content. The apparent molar absorptivity values are in the range 8.24 × 103 −3.7 × 104 L/mol cm and the limits of determination range from 0.1555 to 0.3002 μg/mL. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the color were carefully studied and optimized. The methods are highly reproducible and have been successfully applied to the assay CPZ in pharmaceuticals, serum and urine samples and average recoveries are in the range of 97.05–103.26%. A statistical comparison of these results with those of a reported method shows good agreement and indicates no significant difference in precision.
Synthesis, multinuclear (1H, 13C, 31P, 119Sn) NMR and structure of new optically active organotin(IV). O,O'-di-(−)-menthyldithiophosphates
Authors: García y García Patricia , Pérez-Redondo María del Carmen , Román-Bravo Perla , Reyes-González Miguel-Angel , Linzaga-Elizalde Irma , López-Cardoso Marcela , Martínez-Salas Patricia , Vargas-Pineda Gabriela , Cotero-Villegas Ave María , Cea-Olivares Raymundo
Published: December 2019

Four new optically active organotin(IV) O,O'-di-(−)-menthyldithiophosphates: Me3SnS2P(OMen)2 1, Ph3SnS2P(OMen)2 2, Me2Sn[S2P(OMen)2]2 3 and Ph2Sn[S2P(OMen)2]2 4 (Men = Menthyl) have been prepared in ethanol from sodium O,O'-(−)-dimenthyldithiophosphate and the corresponding tri- or diorganotin(IV) chlorides. All the compounds display optical activity and were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, EM FAB+, and multinuclear NMR, (1H, 13C, 19P 119Sn). In addition, the molecular structures of 3 and 4 were determined by X-ray single crystal analyses. Both complexes consist of discrete molecules, where tin is bonded to two carbon atoms and the four sulfur atoms of two anisobidentate dithiophosphate ligands. The environment around the central tin atom exists in skew-trapezoidal bipyramidal geometry.
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and biological activity of 2-(p-toluidino)-N′-(2-hydroxbenzylidene) acetohydrazide complexes
Authors: Shakdofa Mohamad M.E. , EL-Saied Fathy A. , Al-Hakimi Ahmed N.
Published: December 2019

Ti(IV), VO(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Sn(II), ZrO(II), UO2(II) Fe(III), Ru(III), Ho(III) and Yb(III) complexes of 2-(p-toluidino)-N′-(2-hydroxbenzylidene) acetohydrazide have been prepared and characterized on the basis of various spectroscopic techniques like electronic, EPR, FT-IR and 1H NMR studies, elemental analysis, magnetic properties and thermo-gravimetric analysis, and also by the aid of molar conductivity measurements. It is found that the Schiff base behaves as a monobasic tridentate, monobasic bidentate or dibasic tridentate ligand bonding to the metal ions via the oxygen atom of carbonyl oxygen atom in the enolic or ketonic form, azomethine nitrogen atom and/or oxygen atom of deprotonated phenolic hydroxyl group with 1 : 1 or 1 : 2 metal to ligand stoichiometry. Octahedral geometries have been assigned for Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), Fe(III) and Ru(III) complexes, tetragonally distorted octahedral geometry has been suggested for Cu(II) complexes, while square pyramidal geometry has been proposed for VO(II) complexes. The compounds were subjected to antimicrobial activity screening using Well diffusion method. Complexes (2), (8), (9), (10), (11), (13), (15) and (16) exhibit inhibitory effect towards fungus (Aspergillus niger) more than the parent ligand. However complexes (6), (2), (11), (12), (9), (16), (13), (5), (18), (15), (19), (8) and (7) are noticeable for antibacterial activity at the same concentration.
Tris(dimethyldithioarsinato) complexes of Group 13 metals, M(S2AsMe2)3 (M = Al, Ga, In, Tl)
Authors: Ioannou Panayiotis V. , Vachliotis Dimitris G.
Published: December 2019

The tris(dimethyldithioarsinato) complexes M(S2AsMe2)3 (M = Al, Ga, In and Tl) have been prepared from NaS2AsMe2·2H2O as anhydrous powders. The Al and Ga, but not the In and Tl, complexes add water molecules seen in the IR(KBr) spectra. The Al and Ga coordinate, while the In and Tl complexes attract and polarize water in CDCl3 resulting in more than one signal for H2O in the 1H NMR spectra. All four complexes are desulfurized by Ph3P but the expected M(SAsMe2)3 are unstable and decompose to Me2As-S-AsMe2 and other products.
A comparison between 2-D and off-line 3-D ultrasound in the assessment of fetal anatomies: A prospective analysis of 1007 cases
Authors: Hirides P. , Daskalakis G. , Papantoniou N. , Anastasakis E. , Theodora M. , Blanas K. , Antsaklis A.
Published: December 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the use of three-dimensional off-line ultrasonography (3D) as an alternative for examining fetal anatomy and nuchal translucency (NT) in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Method: A Prospective study of 1007 low risk singleton pregnancies at 11 to 14 weeks of gestation. The gestational age, NT and fetal anatomy (10 anatomic features) were evaluated by off-line three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography after the standard two-dimensional (2D) examination. The results of the two methods were compared using the 2D as a gold standard. Results: In some of the evaluated parameters the 3D method approximates the conventional 2D results. These parameters are the crown-rump length (CRL), the skull - brain anatomy (96.8%), the spine (89.7%), the upper (91.1%) and lower limbs (87%) and the fetal abdomen (98.5%). Some of the anatomic features revealed statistically significant differences in favor of the 2D examination such as the nasal bone (70.6% with the 3D), the stomach (79.6%) and the urinary bladder (59.6%). The NT was measured with the 3D in 87.5% of cases; although in only 60% values were accurate to the corresponding 2D. Conclusion: The off-line assessment of 3D ultrasound volumes can accurately date gestation and satisfactorily visualize fetal anatomy in about 75% of cases. Yet it seems insufficient for the 1st trimester examination, although with modifications and improvements it might serve a potential screening tool especially for areas with difficult access to advanced prenatal diagnosis.
Postnatal thermal adaptation and the effects of seasonal variations on temperature trends leading to cold stress in newborn infants in rural India
Authors: Bhandankar M. , Patil V.D. , Vidyasagar D.
Published: December 2019

Background: Transitional adaptation of newborns delivered in controlled environments of developed countries has been studied extensively but there is a gap in knowledge regarding the thermal adaptation of the newborn immediately after birth delivered in resource poor conditions prevailing in developing countries. Objective: To observe the thermal adaptation of newborn infants by studying the temperature changes in central – abdominal skin temperature (Ta) and peripheral – sole of the foot temperature (Tf) in healthy term newborns in the delivery room and postnatal ward for the first 12 hours of life. Study Design: The study was conducted in KLE University Hospital, Belgaum, India, during the seasons (rainy and spring) that cause hypothermia due to the ambient conditions in these regions. The data was collected from two groups of infants - Group A (Rainy season) and Group B (Spring season) consisting of 20 and 31 infants respectively. The body temperature data was collected to observe variations at different locations of neonatal care in the hospital during the study period. Additionally the ambient temperature and humidity were also monitored to understand the prevailing conditions that the infants encounter. Result: Mean Ta was 35.9°C and 35.8°C in the delivery room in infants from Groups A and B, respectively. The major variations were observed around six hours of life. The mean Ta and Tf were 35.63°C and 30.38°C in Group A and 35.95°C and 32.51°C in Group B during this period. Conclusion: Healthy term infants are subjected to severe thermal stress during the first 12 hours of life in developing countries with no control over the environmental temperature in delivery room and postnatal ward that is also influenced by seasonal variation. These findings underscore the need to control the environmental temperature, ensure proper clothing and use of Kangaroo care to prevent hypothermia in healthy term infants.
Genotoxic effect of phototherapy in term newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Mohamed W.W. , Niazy W.H.
Published: December 2019

Objective: To determine the possible genotoxic effect of phototherapy in term infants with hyperbilirubinemia. Patients and methods: A total of 172 term infants aged 3–10 days after birth were enrolled in the study. Newborns were divided into intensive phototherapy (n = 41), conventional phototherapy (n = 46), jaundiced control (n = 43), and non-jaundiced control (n = 42) groups. DNA damage, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were measured. Results: Before phototherapy, there were no significant differences between the four groups in terms of DNA damage, SCE frequency, TAC, or TOS (p > 0.05). After phototherapy, DNA damage, SCE frequency, and TOS were significantly higher in the intensive than in the conventional group (p < 0.05). In the phototherapy-treated groups, DNA damage and SCE frequency correlated positively with TOS (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Phototherapy may induce genotoxic effect in peripheral blood lymphocytes of term infants with hyperbilirubinemia.
Impact of nonnutritive oral motor stimulation and infant massage therapy on oral feeding skills of preterm infants
Authors: Lau C. , Fucile S. , Gisel E.G.
Published: December 2019

We have shown that the provision of a nonnutritive oral motor therapy (NNOMT) or infant massage therapy (iMT) provided singly and in combination vs. no intervention shortens the number of days from start to independent oral feeding in very low birth weight infants. This study hypothesizes that infants who benefited from NNOMT and/or iMT will demonstrate enhanced maturation of their oral feeding skills (OFS) when compared to control counterparts. OFS levels were monitored using a recently developed scale that takes into account their nutritive sucking skills and endurance at time of assessment. It is a simple method that requires only the additional reading of the volume taken 5 minutes into the start of a feeding and information routinely recorded in patients' medical chart. Four OFS levels were identified, characterized by infant's proficiency (% volume taken during the first 5 min/volume prescribed) and rate of transfer monitored over the entire feeding session (ml/min); OFS level 1 being the most immature and 4 the most mature. In parallel with the benefits provided by NNOMT and/or iMT, we demonstrate the direct positive impact these interventions have on accelerating the maturation of infants' oral feeding skills.
Late umbilical cord clamping, neonatal hematocrit and Apgar scores: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Salari Z. , Rezapour M. , Khalili N.
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVE: Based on current evidence, there is a little agreement on the best timing for after birth umbilical cord clamping. This study was designed to compare the impact of using two different times for cord clamping on hematocrit concentration and Apgar scores of the neonate. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty-six healthy full-term vaginally born neonates were allocated to early (10 seconds after delivery) and late (3 minutes after delivery) umbilical cord clamping groups in this randomized clinical trial. We recorded the length of the 3rd stage of labor and Apgar score at 5 minutes. Infant's hematocrit was measured at 2 and 18 hours of age. RESULTS: Neonatal hematocrit differed between the two groups. Late cord clamping group had greater hematocrit at 2 hours (45.5 ± 4 vs. 49.5 ± 4.4, P = 0.0003) and 18 hours (47.7 ± 5.5 vs. 52.9 ± 4.3, P = 0.0002). Apgar scores at 5 minutes (9.3 ± 0.6 vs. 9.4 ± 0.6, p = 0.5) and duration of delivery 3rd stage (10.2 ± 3.7 min vs. 8.9 ± 5 min, P = 0.2) did not differ between early and late cord clamping groups respectively. CONCLUSION: Late cord clamping leads to a significant increase in the hematocrit of the neonate but it does not have effects on Apgar score and duration of the 3rd stage of labor.