bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMPLOYEES OF POSTAL AND TELEGRAPH INSTITUTIONS OF THE SEMIRECHENSK REGION (SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH - FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY)
Authors: Iskakova G.Z. , Yskak A.S. , Tasilov N.A. , Mrzabayeva R.ZH.
Published: February 2025

In the Semirechensk region in the second half of the 19th - first half of the 20th centuries, employees of postal and telegraph institutions served local institutions and residents, and a well-known hierarchical system was formed. In postal and telegraph institutions, Kazakhs mainly occupied positions in the lowest category. It is known that Kazakh officials very rarely worked in communications institutions, and in most cases worked as translators and secretaries. Also, maintenance of postalroads, road repairs and tax collection were carried out at the expense of the Kazakhs. At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries, Kazakh officials began towork in postal institutions - one of the areas unfamiliar to them. They worked at the post office and telegraph office as officials of the IV category and rose to the rank of titular councilor. However, such achievements were very rare in Kazakhstan, and the vast majority of Kazakh officials were engaged only in translation work in various government bodies. This article examines the hierarchy and main activities of employees of postal and telegraph institutions that have developed on the territory of the Russian Empire as a whole. In addition, the experience of Kazakhs in postaland telegraph institutions is shown using the example of the Semirechensk region.
Coalition Formation Strategies for Self-Interested Agents
Authors: Génin Thomas  , Aknine Samir
Published: February 2025

Coalition formation is a major research issue in multiagent systems in which the agents are self-interested. In these systems, agents have to form groups in order to achieve common goals, which they are not able to achieve individually. A coalition formation mechanism requires two definition levels: firstly agents need a common protocol to reach an agreement and secondly individual strategies are required to make efficient proposals. Both issues are addressed in this paper. First, we propose a two-phase decentralized protocol that allows agents to interact directly through message passing. Secondly we propose some strategies which allow agents to make clever proposals using the information that has already been collected from other agents. The experimental evaluation shows that the proposed mechanism allows agents to efficiently form coalitions and that the strategies make real improvements for the coalition search process.
Using abstraction in Two-Player Games
Authors: Samadi Mehdi  , Schaeffer Jonathan  , Torabi Asr Fatemeh  , Samar Majid  , Azimifar Zohreh
Published: February 2025

For most high-performance two-player game programs, a significant amount of time is devoted to developing the evaluation function. An important issue in this regard is how to take advantage of a large memory. For some two-player games, endgame databases have been an effective way of reducing search effort and introducing accurate values into the search. For some one-player games (puzzles), pattern databases have been effective at improving the quality of the heuristic values used in a search.
Classification Visualization across Mapping on a Sphere
Authors: Osińska Veslava  , Bała Piotr
Published: February 2025

Existing classification schemes are visualized as hierarchical trees. Science data visualization requires a new method in information space modelling in order to reveal relations between class nodes. This paper describes a novel visualization concept of classification scheme using subject content metrics. We have mapped the document collection of Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) digital library to a sphere surface. To overcome the incorrectness of linear measures in indexes distances we calculated similarity matrix of themes and multidimensional scaling coordinates. The results show that space distances between class nodes accurately correspond with the thematic proximities. Documents mapped into a sphere surface were located according to the classification nodes and distributed uniformly. Proposed method to visualize classification scheme is proper to reach nonlinearity in subject content visualization. This property allows us to place close by more classification nodes. Symmetry of a sphere favours a new subclasses and sublevels of classification trees uniform visualization. This method may be useful in the visual analysis of Computer Science and Engineering domain development being grown instantly.
Bolgatanga Library: Adaptive Modernism in Ghana 40 Years on
Authors: Uduku Ola
Published: February 2025

Introduction; The Socio-Historical Context to Bolgatanga Library; The Architect: Max Bond; The Evolution of the Library; The Future; Notes; References
Granular Models for Vague Predicates
Authors: Gaio Silvia
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an account for vague predicates based on granular partitions, alternative to Bittner and Smith's one (e.g. T. Bittner and B. Smith [1], [2], [3].).
A two-level knowledge approach to support multilingual legislative drafting
Authors: Agnoloni T.  , Bacci L.  , Francesconi E.  , Peters W.  , Montemagni S.  , Venturi G.
Published: February 2025

The quality of legislative drafting process at European and national levels is highly influenced by the legal drafters control over the multilingual complexity of European legislation and over the linguistic and conceptual issues involved in its transposition into national laws. The DALOS project aims at ensuring coherence and alignment in the legislative language, providing law-makers with a knowledge (ontological-linguistic) resource and knowledge management tools to support the multilingual legislative drafting process. This paper outlines the activities within DALOS, aiming at the definition of the characteristics of a the knowledge resource, at its implementation, at its integration in a legislative drafting environment for the project prototype.
Design Processes
Authors: Achten H.H.
Published: February 2025

In order to speak about the commonalities and differences between industrial and architectural design, wee need a common framework that may capture both design fields. Practise-based descriptions have a long tradition, and are close to everyday reality of the fields, but they are too specific. The scientific study of design – design research – is a more recent development, which aims accurately to provide this framework. We discuss the current understanding of design, its limitations, and some observations related to the cases of the IDE+A Conference.
Technology Diffusion and Design
Authors: Poelman W.A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction; 1 Technology diffusion and design processes; 1.1 The cases; 2 Design as information processing; 2.1 Supply of and demand for information; 2.3 Towards a new paradigm for the knowledge-diffusion process; Discussion; References
Inheritance and Polymorphism in Datalog: an experience in Model Management
Authors: Atzeni Paolo  , Gianforme Giorgio
Published: February 2025

We discuss the use of a Datalog extension that refers to a data model with inheritance in order to manage the generic dictionary of MIDST, our Model Management proposal for the generation of translation of schemas and databases from a model to another. In comparable scenarios, with structural similarities of predicates of the data model and syntactical and semantical similarities of rules, the use of hierarchies and a sort of polymorphism provide a significant simplification in the definition of complete translations (Datalog programs) and a higher level of reuse in the specification of elementary translations (Datalog rules) thus simplifying the development of such rule based systems.
Analysis of the provincial structure of Sariyer / Istanbul using Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Coskun H.G.  , Alganci U.  , Usta G.  , Celik H.
Published: February 2025

Basis of the economical development of the countries depends on the use of the natural resources in a most sustainable and productive manner. While developed countries are able to use their resources in this way; developing countries, in general, are still in lack of the sufficient knowledge and monitoring technologies about the quality and quantity of their natural resources. So, as a result of insufficient mapping of the natural resources; complete and well-established data sets about the land and water resources, distribution of cultivated lands and forests, grasslands and mines are not available in developing and under-developed countries.
First results of man-induced terrain changes in Karvina region
Authors: Hanzlova M.  , Rapant P.  , Böhmova D.  , Jirankova E.  , Halounová L.  , Hlaváčová I.  , Knechtlová B.  , Blaha P.  , Duras R.  , Fousek J.
Published: February 2025

Geological processes such as landslide and land subsidence cause extensive problems to humans. The sources of these processes are mainly effected by human activities, in our case mining activities. Since the eastern part of the Moravian-Silesian Region has been known mainly for the mining industry, the mining subsidence led inevitably to problems such as land subsidence and slope instabilities. Along with mining subsidence there were also numerous slope instabilities (landslides) identified within the Moravian-Silesian Region. These geological processes cause damage to buildings and other structures (e.g. communications), cause financial losses and jeopardize human lives. Areas where mining subsidence occurs are densely urbanised and industrialised locations, Silesian part of Ostrava, Karvina and its surrounding. Some locations have been under “ground surveillance” since 1993 with 6-month period. Nevertheless, there is need for remote sensing methods to support and to supplement field measurement. Comprehensive information such as these can be valuable and helpful in land use planning and other decision support systems.
CN derivation from LANDSAT ETM+ data and LC changes for rainfall-runoff models
Authors: Hanzlova M.  , Horak J.  , Unucka J.  , Halounova L.  , Heller J.  , Zidek D.
Published: February 2025

Land cover and its characteristics influence actual and long term water balance of landscape segment, particularly evapotranspiration, infiltration, surface and hypodermic runoff. Thus description and modelling of the particular events allow determining basic requirements for land cover classification effective to rainfall-runoff (further in the text as RR) condition assessment. The cooperation “remote sensing – GIS” together with hydrological models proposes solution for comprehension of the investigated phenomenon.
Analysis of Antarctic Sea Ice Extent based on NIC charts and AMSR-E data
Authors: Ozsoy-Cicek Burcu  , Ackley Steve  , Xie Hongjie  , Wagner Penelope
Published: February 2025

The extent of the Antarctica sea ice is not accurately defined only using low resolution passive microwave data, such as The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). Due to the varied ice types at the ice edge, it is necessary to use additional resources that will have better results. Therefore sea ice edge data provided by National Ice Center (NIC) were used for better understanding. Sea ice extent for summer time period between January 1stand March 1st, and winter time period between August 1stand December 31stwere calculated from both AMSR-E and NIC products. The calculated summer ice extent from AMSR-E underestimated the extent by 30% for summer season comparing to the results from NIC dataset. Also sea ice extent calculated from AMSR-E underestimated the extent by 10% for winter season again comparing to the results from NIC data. For the quality purpose and validation NIC data were compared with NASA's Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) to see the detection of ice edge differs or agrees between these dataset. Comparison covered the entire Antarctic continent for the middle of summer and middle of winter. NIC and QuikSCAT data showed very good agreement. However, AMSR-E data did not agree with the other dataset and basically underestimated total ice concentration at the edge during the summer season.
3D-Remote sensing, Status Report 2008
Authors: Jacobsen K.
Published: February 2025

Since the 27thEARSeL symposium 2007 in Bolzano with WorldView-1 Cartosat-2A two more very high resolution optical satellites of a new group have been launched. Images with a ground sampling distance (GSD) of 0.45 m, which will be distributed with 0.5 m GSD, are operational available. In August 2008 GeoEye-1 shall be launched, having even 0.42 m GSD. With CBERS 2B an additional high resolution is in space. The system of 5 RapidEye satellites shall follow. The high number of new satellites gives a strong push to the 3D-Remote sensing. The wide spread of the stereo systems Cartosat-1 and ALOS/PRISM has improved the possibility of generating detailed and accurate digital elevation models based on space images. An overview of the new optical systems, but also a short information about new radar satellites and in near future planned missions together with the influence to the practical application is given. Only systems available for civilian use are respected in this overview.
A Scalable, Transactional Data Store for Future Internet Services
Authors: Reinefeld Alexander  , Schintke Florian  , Schütt Thorsten  , Haridi Seif
Published: February 2025

Future Internet services require access to large volumes of dynamically changing data records that are spread across different locations. With thousands or millions of distributed nodes storing the data, node crashes or temporary network failures are normal rather than exceptions and it is therefore important to hide failures from the application.
A Security Architecture for Web 2.0 Applications
Authors: Desmet Lieven  , Joosen Wouter  , Massacci Fabio  , Naliuka Katsiaryna  , Philippaerts Pieter  , Piessens Frank  , Siahaan Ida  , Vanoverberghe Dries
Published: February 2025

The problem of supporting the secure execution of potentially malicious third-party applications has received a considerable amount of attention in the past decade. In this paper we describe a security architecture for Web 2.0 applications that supports the flexible integration of a variety of advanced technologies for such secure execution of applications, including run-time monitoring, static verification and proof-carrying code. The architecture also supports the execution of legacy applications that have not been developed to take advantage of our architecture, though it can provide better performance and additional services for applications that are architecture-aware. A prototype of the proposed architecture has been built that offers substantial security benefits compared to standard (state-of-practice) security architectures, even for legacy applications.
Semantic-Based Aspect Interaction Detection with Goal Models
Authors: Mussbacher Gunter  , Amyot Daniel  , Whittle Jon
Published: February 2025

Detecting undesired interactions in aspect-oriented models is closely related to detecting undesired feature interactions. Aspect interactions can be broadly categorized into syntactic interactions, which can be discovered by analysis based on syntax, and semantic interactions, which require an interpretation of the meaning of models. Semantic interactions are very hard to detect and at the same time often require significant rethinking or remodeling of the aspects. We argue that more research is needed to effectively deal with semantic interactions in aspectual models and that goal models are a suitable candidate to reason about these interactions.
Educational Narrative and Student Modeling for Ill-Defined Domains
Authors: Hodhod Rania  , Kudenko Daniel  , Cairns Paul
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces an adaptive narrative-based learning environment (AEINS) which supports teaching in the domain of ethics and citizenship [1]. AEINS is an inquiry-based teaching system that adopts educational theories and classroom strategies, such as the Socratic Method. AEINS targets students aged 8 to 11 years. The idea is centered around presenting and involving students in different moral dilemmas (teaching moments), where the Socratic Method is used to lead the student and allows him to examine the validity of an opinion or belief. AEINS monitors and analyzes students' actions in order to provide an individualized story-path and a personalized learning process. We present preliminary evaluation results.
Sustainability, damage and related issues arising from piling near existing buildings
Authors: Tonks David M.
Published: February 2025

New piling close to existing buildings is commonly carried out with a high level of success. However, there can be significant risks and on occasions damage does materialize. This is of particular consequence to old structures of archeological or cultural importance, especially in congested city centres where there may be little available space. Performance has much to do with the structures and their foundations, as well as the piling operations. Success depends crucially on satisfactory identification of the risks and on the measures adopted to manage these. It also depends on satisfactory communication and ownership of the risks between the parties, which can be complex. The paper considers two recent cases and some lessons that can be drawn. It goes on to consider future-proofing to make new foundations more sustainable and less vulnerable to future activities nearby.
Performance evaluation of the MT–pile® applied in the IBIS Amsterdam project
Authors: de Nijs R.E.P.  , van Dijck F.A.
Published: February 2025

Within the project ‘Extension of the Amsterdam IBIS Hotel’ the MT-pile® has been applied. The pile is installed using a vertically driven Tunnel Boring Machine. At the time of the design, no proven models or parameters were available for this large diameter casing pile. Loss on effective stress at the pile tip was of most concern, resulting in unacceptable pile settlement. The monitoring program applied during construction resulted in load settlement curves for each pile. These curves indicate a uniform, direct pile response and a maximum pilehead settlement of 20 mm at completion of the project. These results indicate that the loss of effective stress at pile tip level is compensated during construction of the pile and that the MT-pile can be modelled without loss of soil stress.
Performance-Based approach in seismic design of embedded retaining walls
Authors: Visone Ciro  , de Magistris Filippo Santucci
Published: February 2025

The common procedure used in the seismic design of earth retaining systems is based on a force-balance, assuming a limit equilibrium condition of the soil masses interacting with the wall. It does not provide any information on the performance of the structure if the limit values of the strengths are exceeded. In the Performance-Based Design philosophy, the response of the construction, both in terms of stresses in the structural elements and displacements in the soils should be described by predicting the performances of the system when it is subjected to the dynamic actions related to the expected earthquake motion.
Evaluation of damage in geogrid reinforced soil walls based on wall displacement
Authors: Izawa J.  , Kuwano J.
Published: February 2025

Geogrid reinforced soil walls (GRSW) have showed high seismic stability with limited deformation in the past earthquakes. GRSWs are often used without considerable repair or reconstruction after simple inspection in many cases even after strong earthquakes. For the proper repair or reconstruction, it is necessary to evaluate damage of GRSWs. As the restoration method of the structure should be decided right after the event, the damage must be evaluated by a simple index such as the wall displacement. Evaluation of damage in GRSWs subjected to earthquake is discussed in this paper based on results of centrifuge tests. The discussion is especially focused on the estimation of slip line formation by surface displacement. As a result, it was found that clear slip line may occur in reinforced area when inclination of the wall reaches to half of maximum shear strain of backfill material. However, the model GRSWs maintained adequate stability due to the pullout resistance of the geogrid even after the slip line generated. In addition, after the formation of the slip line, the sliding displacement along the slip line is getting significant. Such sliding displacement depends on the pullout resistance of the geogrid. Thus, it is necessary to know the appropriate pullout characteristics for evaluating the seismic stability of the GRSW having the slip line.
Design of reinforced slopes and embankments. State of the art
Authors: Rodríguez J.A.  , Freitag N.
Published: February 2025

The use of layers of reinforcement has proven out to be an efficient way of increasing the stability of slopes and embankments in fill. The design of this kind of structures should be based not only on a global stability analysis, but also on the application of an internal design method and the compliance with some serviceability requirements. This paper compares the existing design methods of mechanically stabilized earth structures highlighting the strengths and weakness of each one of them. The partial results of a extended parametric study currently under course will be exposed and a first sketch of new design method will be proposed.
Analysis of a geomembrane face rockfill dam during earthquake loading
Authors: Erlingsson S.  , Hauksson D.R.
Published: February 2025

The paper represents an analysis of the suitability of a geomembrane face rockfill dam in highly seismic area. This rockfill dam type has a geomembrane for watertightness on its water side with geotextile and thin layers of filter materials on both sides to protect it. The rockfill dam is a part of three proposed hydropower schemes in the lower part of the Þjórsá glacial river in SW-Iceland. The hydropower plants and all related structures are situated in the South Iceland Seismic Zone where two major earthquakes of magnitude 6.6 and 6.5 (MW) with a registered peak ground acceleration of 0.84g occurred in June 2000. Further a 6.3 event occurred in 2008. The analysis of the dam is split into two parts. Firstly the stability of the dam is determined with the method of slices. Secondly the finite element method is used to estimate the deformations induced by earthquake loading where the behaviour of the geomembrane and the surrounding soil is given special attention in regards of possible slipping. The main result revealed that the proposed dam will withstand the earthquake load without major damage or total collapse. Largest relative deformations along the geomembrane, caused by the applied earthquake loads, have been estimated to be approximately 60 cm. These deformations are rather large but since they are local, the total stability of the dam is not threatened. A necessary repair would though have to be carried out in the occurrence of such an event.
Long-Term Performance of Cement-Bentonite Containment Wall
Authors: Joshi Kaushal  , Soga Kenichi  , Tedd Paul
Published: February 2025

The paper presents hydraulic conductivity, unconfined compression strength (UCS) and triaxial test results of an 11 year old slag-cement-bentonite (CB) cut-off wall material and identifies factors affecting their long-term performance. The laboratory tests were performed on three types of CB samples ranging from contaminated block field samples to uncontaminated laboratory cast samples. The results showed that hydraulic conductivity reduces till 3 years and UCS increases till 90 days, but there after it remains constant till 11 years of age. The mean hydraulic conductivity and UCS values of block field samples are inferior and have large variability than laboratory cured samples. Such variations are mainly because of heterogeneity caused by aggressive environment and impurities within the specimen. Consolidated undrained triaxial test found that under an effective confining pressure of less than 200 kPa, tension failure occurred since the minor principal stress dropped to zero value at failure. The research outcome is useful for understanding future liability of CB wall and improving their design.
Building damage examples due to leakage at a deep excavation in Amsterdam
Authors: Korff Mandy  , Mair Robert J.  , van Tol A. Frits
Published: February 2025

The authors analysed buildings that were damaged due to leakage problems at a deep excavation in Amsterdam for the North South Line. The objective of this paper is to show that empirical relationships for damage due to excavations need to be handled carefully for extreme situations such as shown in this paper. The authors evaluated the monitoring data and building damage at the Vijzelgracht Station in the historic centre Amsterdam. The paper shows that tilt, in extreme circumstances, can cause severe problems of serviceability and stability to buildings. The monitoring results of all the construction activities around the stations will be used in a later stage of this research to identify the effect of the foundation of the building on the amount of damage experienced.
Deformations of soil in deep excavations: comparing calculation results with in-situ measurements
Authors: Ulitsky V.M.  , Shashkin A.G.  , Shashkin K.G.  , Lisyuk M.B.  , Vasenin V.A.
Published: February 2025

The paper deals with the issue of realism, such as may or may not be displayed by various models and calculation methods when used to calculate retaining structures of deep excavations. This issue is crucial for development of underground construction in areas of soft soils distribution and congested urban areas. Based on a series of large scale in-situ testing in deep excavations St. Petersburg geotechnical engineers have drawn certain conclusions on applicability and usefulness of deformation and settlement prediction methods used to assess movement of cofferdams and existing buildings. The paper describes one of the several test pits in St. Petersburg, where a series of in-situ monitoring was carried out.
Durability studies of lime stabilized clayey soils
Authors: Chittoori B.S.  , Puppala A.J.  , Saride S.  , Nazarian S.  , Hoyos L.R.
Published: February 2025

The proper selection of type and concentration of the stabilization of a soil should consider the complex interaction between the mineralogy of the materials and additives, the presence or absence of moisture in soils and the long-term durability of the stabilization process. One measure of the durability of a stabilized material is to study the strength and volumetric strain potentials of the treated material by subjecting them to different wetting and drying cycles. In this research, two clays with known plasticity characteristics were considered. Stabilizer design was first performed based on strength and pH criterion. At these designed stabilizer dosage levels, samples were prepared and subjected to durability related wetting and drying cycles. At select cycles, mechanical tests including volume change measurements and strength tests were performed. Both volumetric stability and strength variations with respect to wetting and drying cycles were then analyzed. Influence of clay mineralogy and its impact on the mechanical performance of treated soils are explained. Importance of clay mineralogy on durability treatments is addressed.
Analytical solutions for vertical drains considering soil disturbance
Authors: Basu D.  , Basu P.  , Prezzi M.
Published: February 2025

Soil disturbance caused by the installation of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) in soft soil deposits has a detrimental effect on the rate of consolidation. Design methods available for PVDs capture the effect of soil disturbance typically by reducing the in situ hydraulic conductivity in the disturbed zone (also called the smear zone) with the assumption that the hydraulic conductivity is spatially constant over the entire disturbed (smear) zone. However, it has been shown recently through laboratory and field studies that the hydraulic conductivity has a spatial variation within the disturbed zone. Based on data available in the literature, four possible profiles of hydraulic conductivity versus radial distance from the vertical drain were identified. Analytical solutions were developed for the rate of consolidation considering these hydraulic conductivity profiles. The study shows that the consolidation rate depends on the hydraulic conductivity profile in the disturbed zone.
Deformation behaviour of SCP improved ground to limit state
Authors: Takahashi H.  , Kitazume M.  , Maruyama K.
Published: February 2025

The sand compaction pile (SCP) method has been used in many construction sites to improve soft clay layers. Clay ground improved by the SCP method can be assumed as a composite of sand compacted piles and a soft clay layer. This type of composite ground shows complicated deformation and failure patterns under backfill loading because of the different characteristics of the component materials. The stability of SCP improved ground has been studied under the assumption of shear strength on a slip surface. However, for performance design by checking displacement, it is essential to appropriately calculate the deformation and failure behaviour of improved ground subjected to the limit state. In this study, some SCP improved grounds were subjected to centrifuge model tests to investigate the deformation and failure patterns. Then, a finite element analysis based on the elasto-viscoplastic constitutive equation was applied to the model tests, and the calculation accuracy of numerical analysis was assessed. Finally, the mechanism of failure of the SCP improved ground subjected to the limit state was investigated. The model tests indicated that the low replacement SCP improved ground did not fail with the sliding mode but with the bending mode. Moreover, the calculation accuracy of FEM analyses was confirmed, and the drainage of the clay layer between sand walls restrained the sharp increase in ground deformation.
Solid-liquid behaviour of vertically vibrated sand
Authors: Denies N.  , Canou J.  , Roux J.-N.  , Holeyman A.
Published: February 2025

The present paper concentrates on strength degradation of cohesionless granular soils under large cyclic strains. Some experiments on the behaviour of sand when subjected to vertical vibration are characterized. The volume change with time and the influence of acceleration of vibration on the behaviour of sand are displayed. Based on the conceptual work of Barkan (1962), sphere penetration experiments (SPE) are performed.
The interaction of groundwater with permeable reactive barrier (PRB)
Authors: Jirásko Daniel  , Vaníček Ivan
Published: February 2025

The paper is focused on interaction of groundwater regime with remediation method of permeable reactive barriers (PRB), which is used for treatment of contaminated groundwater. The main aim is to evaluate influence of PRB on the groundwater regime. The parametric study containing 51 numerical models of different shapes and dimensions of PRB were done. For these models the groundwater flow was computed by MODFLOW program. The backwater in front of PRB, decrease of groundwater level behind the PRB, flow rate through reactive gate, pore water velocity in gate and residential time in reactive medium were observed. These parameters were plot as dependence on parameters of PRB. The contaminant transport through PRB focused on correct remediation function was analysed too. In the last part of the paper innovation of PRB method is described.
Determination of consolidation parameters of dredging and industrial waste sludge
Authors: Van Impe P.O.  , Barbetti L.  , Van Impe W.F.
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the laboratory setup and some preliminary results of large strain consolidation testing on several types of dredging and industrial waste sludge. The tests are performed in the framework of a larger research project – funded within the Flemish Environmental Technology Platform (MIP) - investigating the impact of additives, specifically coagulants and flocculants, on the consolidation behaviour of mineral sludges.
Alternative Solution for the Failure of Sheet Pile Structure at Barito River in Marabahan, Indonesia
Authors: Wardani S.P.R.  , Irsyam M.
Published: February 2025

A sheet pile structure that was reinforced with concrete spun piles was constructed in 2005 in order to act as a road widening and riverbank protection for Barito river. The structure is comprises of 12 m long concrete sheet pile combined with concrete pile having a diameter of 60 cm and length of 36 m. During the early filling for the road widening, however, landslide occurred and the structure collapsed. An alternative solution was therefore required.
Pareto principle and sensitivity of soil-footing-superstructure system
Authors: Barvashov V.A.  , Naidenov A.I.
Published: February 2025

V. Pareto principle 80/20 (1897), generalized by J.M. Juran (1941), reads “80% of effects are due to 20% of causes, 80% of causes generate 20% of effects”. Site survey data scatter, idealization of soil and soil-footing interaction make conservative decisions inevitable in geotechnical engineering, because the cost of risk is very high. The way to control this conservatism is to evaluate and to rate qualitative regularities of Soil-Footing-Structure System (SFSS) behavior by means of computer simulation of simplified SFSS virtual models. About 10,000 numeric experiments were carried out and 40,000 diagrams of results were obtained for the whole practical range of input data. The results were rated for 84 input-output data pairs (cause-effect) and tabulated (Table 1). Some of the these pairs show that the output result is very sensitive to variations of the input parameter, and such pairs were rated 2, if such influence is negligible, than the pair was rated 0 and may be ignored, the intermediate cases were rated 1. It was shown that the overall Pareto ratio is close to 80/20.
Impact of calcium uptake on the performance of GCLs in landfill covers
Authors: Rowe R.K.  , Abdelatty K.M.
Published: February 2025

GCLs used in landfill cover applications typically contain natural sodium bentonite. To examine the effect of ion exchange on the performance of GCLs, tests were performed in 60 cm diameter cells with 1 m of calcium rich soil below the GCL and a confining stress of 15 kN/m2. The uptake of moisture and calcium from the underlying soil caused the moisture content of GCL to increase to 86% in the first 279 days of the test and then decrease to 68% after 625 days. The hydraulic conductivity of the GCL changed with cation exchange of Ca++for Na+and varied from 1-3 × 10−11at the start of the test to 2 × 10−10m/s after 625 days.
Administrative Report for TC-29, Laboratory stress-strain and strength testing of Geomaterials
Authors: Jardine R J
Published: February 2025

TC-29 has been active since the Osaka Conference. This report describes its Terms of Reference, work and achievements
A 2D mathematical model for the CBR of a road sub base in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Jimoh Yinusa A.
Published: February 2025

This paper reports the development of a two dimensional mathematical model for the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of a typical sub base material in terms of the density and moisture to replace the hitherto graphical model of an iso-CBR plot. Conventional laboratory compaction and CBR tests were simultaneously conducted on samples of soils obtained from the highway borrow pits around Ilorin township according to relevant portions of the British standard testing procedure; BS 1377: 1990. The outcomes of the test were used for the formulation of the relationships of the CBR with the resultant of the vectorially combined normalized dry density and moisture content at low compactive and medium compactive energy levels (LCE and MCE). The most efficient forms of the models for the samples from 0-1m and 1-2 m depths below the ground surface are the quadratic and third order equations, with the R2values of more than 90 %. Indeed the differentials of the quadratic model proved that the maximum CBR occurs at Π value ofwhich is the actual indication of the optimum condition when the two normalized parameters are each equal to unity, their maximum values.
Dynamic impedance functions of machine foundations on sandy soils by physical model tests
Authors: Jafarzadeh Fardin  , Mashhadi Hossein Ghasemzade
Published: February 2025

In order to improve new methods of design of machine foundations by means of impedance function, implementation of experimental investigations to calibrate these methods is vital. The physical model tests were carried out in a steel container with dimension of 1×1×0.9 m. The Babolsar sand was employed in the model. To eliminate reflection of elastic waves, a sawdust layer was used in the lateral walls and bottom of the container. Also, in order to have homogeneous medium with unified density, air pluviation of sand method was employed. Response of the models to harmonic excitations was measured using various instruments deployed around the foundation. Results of the tests are shown in the impedance function form and effects of inertia and embedment of footing and dynamic loading level on the impedance function are discussed.
Soil deformation pattern in low-energy dynamic compaction
Authors: Hajialilue-Bonab M.  , Rezaei A.H.
Published: February 2025

A physical modeling of low energy dynamic compaction (DC) on fine dry loose sand based on image processing was undertaken. The effective factors of DC and the deformation pattern of sand after tamper drops have been studied using image processing (PIV method). Having displacements of patches, the strains of elements formed of these patches were determined. The changes in relative density due to impacts, in different depths, were evaluated using total volumetric strains. A normalized relation between influence depth and DC parameters presented for low-energy DC design and prediction of influence depth of improvement. Also by derivation of crater depth versus drop number curves, the influence value of each impact in increase of improvement depth was defined.
Research on creep deformation of rockfill material and post-construction deformation of rockfill dam
Authors: Zeping Xu  , Gang Deng  , Haifang Li
Published: February 2025

By developing a large scale stress controlled tri-axial testing machine, the creep deformation properties of rockfill material under different conditions were studied. From the laboratory test, it can be found that the creep deformation of rockfill has a direct relationship with cell pressure and stress level. Based on creep deformation test of rockfill samples and the monitoring data of built dams, an empirical model for creep deformation analysis of rockfill material is developed, which assumes the creep deformation of rockfill follows a logarithmic attenuation formula. According to the proposed mathematic model, numerical analysis for a concrete faced rockfill dam was conducted. Stress and deformation status of the dam under the long term operation condition is presented. It could be found that the creep deformation of rockfill has significant impacts on the stresses of concrete face slabs.
At-rest earth pressure coefficient and Poisson's ratio in normally consolidated soils
Authors: Federico A.  , Elia G.
Published: February 2025

The paper deals with the at-rest earth pressure coefficient K0NCand Poisson's ratio ν prediction for normally consolidated soils based on the connection between the effective friction angle φ′and its mobilized proportion φ′mobin the process of one-dimensional compression. After considering the existing correlations between these two parameters, the comparison with experimental data leads to both the validation of the existing theoretical K0NCequation coming from the BRICK model and the proposal of an equivalent empirical K0NCequation, derived without any assumptions. The same connection between φ′and φ′mobleads to interesting correlations, one theoretical and one empirical, between φ′and ν for normally consolidated soils. No laboratory data in terms of pairs (φ′,ν) have been found at all in literature, and, therefore, experimental validation of these correlations is necessary.
Plate anchor keying under inclined pullout in clay: observation and estimation
Authors: Song Z.  , Hu Y.
Published: February 2025

The SEPLA (Suction Embedded Plate Anchor) is ideal for use in deep water oil and gas exploration. In this paper, transparent soil tests in centrifuge and numerical analysis using large deformation RITSS approach were conducted to study inlined pullout of plate anchors. The loss in anchor embedment during keying can be quantified by inspecting anchor movement in transparent soil or numerical study. This study is to correlate the actual anchor movement observed to that estimated using the chain displacement measured during anchor keying under inclined pullout.
Deformations assessment in expansive clays
Authors: Deméneghi A.
Published: February 2025

A procedure for deformations assessment of expansive clays is presented. Constitutive equations for compression due to external loads and for deformations due to changes in suction values are developed. The movements of a foundation in expansive clay are the algebraic sum of the compression produced by external loads and the deformation produced by suction changes. Examples for assessment of soil properties and deformations in expansive clays are presented.
Bearing capacity of eccentrically loaded strip foundation on geogrid-reinforced sand
Authors: Zhusupbekov A.  , Lukpanov R.  , Muzdybaeva T.  , Das B.M.  , Patra C.R.  , Shin E.C.
Published: February 2025

Results of laboratory model tests conducted to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of an eccentrically loaded strip foundation supported by sand reinforced with layers of geogrid are presented. Only one type of geogrid and a sand at one relative density were considered. Based on the present laboratory test results, an empirical relationship for the reduction factor has been developed. This relationship can be used to estimate the ultimate bearing capacity under eccentric load if the corresponding value under centric loading is known.
APM
Authors: Sadi Mahsa Hasani  , Ramsin Raman
Published: February 2025

The advent of agile methodologies, though contributing much to software development processes, had a more profound impact on project management processes. Through supporting adaptability in their process frameworks, agile methodologies deviated from conventional project management approaches. This novel attitude has resulted in the emergence of an agile framework for project management. The Agile Project Management Framework (APMF) consists of fine-grained project management practices applied in agile methodologies, and is fast emerging as an alternative to the conventional project management framework. However, there are deficiencies in both frameworks that prevent developers from enhancing each framework to embrace the other. A logical solution is to merge the two frameworks into a Unified Project Management Framework (UPMF). With this objective in mind, we propose a project-management methodology metamodel as the common abstract substrate to fuse the standard framework with its agile counterpart. The proposed Agile Project Management Methodology Metamodel (APM3) has been developed through applying abstraction to the fine-grained constituents of APMF. Based on the generic agile metamodel of APM3, an analytical review of the project management processes of seven prominent agile methodologies has been conducted.
A Fixed-Point Query Language for XML
Authors: Wang Qing  , Schewe Klaus-Dieter  , Thalheim Bernhard
Published: February 2025

In order to increase the expressiveness of XML query languages we define an XML object model that provides a rich description of XML data using the notions of class schema and class tuple. Based on this model we develop a novel query language, the XML Identity Query Language (XIQL) based on identifier generation and fixed-point computation. However, XIQL cannot deal with finite tree duplicates in an XML object graph. To solve this problem we extend XIQL by integrating termsdenoting hereditarily finite sets. With respect to determinate transformations the extended XIQL+is still incomplete, but becomes complete with respect to a modified completeness criterion for XML database transformations, which aims at capturing more non-determinism.
Receiving array systems for radio astronomy
Authors: van Cappellen Wim A.
Published: February 2025

New astronomical science will be enabled by the use of array technology in radio astronomy. Development efforts concentrate on two concepts: aperture arrays and phased array feeds. Key challenges in the front-end development of such systems are the bandwidth, low-noise and stability requirements. A (dense) phased array feed prototype in a 25 m dish of the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) successfully demonstrated the ability to electronically scan the beam about 2 half-power beamwidths in both directions while retaining a high antenna efficiency and low system noise temperature. The final system will lead to a 20× improvement of the WSRT survey speed. The Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) operates in the 15 – 240 MHz band using sparse antenna arrays. The Low-Band Antenna stations (15 – 80 MHz) have a pseudo-random configuration of the antenna elements to smoothen the station beams. Both aperture array and phased array feed technologies are important pathfinders for the next generation radio telescope, the Square Kilometre Array.
Snow Cover Monitoring from EO Data
Authors: Potuckova Marketa  , Jedlicka Jan  , Stefanova Eva  , Kolar Jan
Published: February 2025

Information about snow cover and its dynamics during the snow melt period is of high importance for hydrological modeling. The paper discusses possibilities of continuous and near-real time snow cover monitoring in the Czech Republic based on data collected from the receiving station placed at the Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, namely MSG and NOAA/AVHRR. In spite of high temporal resolution, the usability of this data showed to be very low in winter period due to cloud cover. Methodology of snow discrimination from ENVISAT/ASAR was therefore developed and tested. The results of a case study are presented. Advantages of possible combination of both types of data are pointed out.
The Use of organic Coatings to prevent Molten Aluminium Water Explosions
Authors: Lowery Alex W.  , Roberts Joe
Published: February 2025

Over 60 years ago, the first reported molten metal explosion from a bleed-out during direct chill casting in an aluminium mill was reported. Soon thereafter testing was performed to determine the root cause of the explosion.
Ultrasonic Treatment of Aluminum Alloys for Grain Refining
Authors: Eskin D.G.  , Atamanenko T.V.  , Zhang L.  , Katgerman L.
Published: February 2025

An overview on the ultrasonic processing of aluminum alloys during solidification is given. Different mechanisms of ultrasound-assisted grain refinement, e.g. activation of inclusions, increased efficiency of grain refining particles and fragmentation, are discussed and illustrated with experimental data. It is demonstrated that the presence of potent nucleating particles is essential for obtaining considerable grain refining sites is the main mechanism of structure refinement upon ultrasonic processing during solidification proper.
Optimization of extruded hollow Aluminium Profiles by applying Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Mensinger M.  , Parra R.  , Radlbeck C.
Published: February 2025

Current economical, ecological and political developments make it necessary to design efficient structures more than ever. Material minimization thereby plays a significant role. This is especially true for aluminium since the material costs are in general higher than for other metals. Hence, it is obvious to investigate the opportunities of optimization methods, when designing aluminium cross sections. In this paper, genetic algorithms are introduced and respective applications to extruded profiles made from aluminium are presented. This is underlined by an example of use.