bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptual similarity of psychopathy and marital quality in Chinese married couples: The mediating role of couple communication
Authors: He Qiong , Tao Wenli , Wang Yu , Yu Yue , Zhang Jianxin
Published: January 2023

Previous studies have shown that psychopathy, one of the Dark Triad personality traits, is associated with relationship dissatisfaction. However, the similarity of psychopathy among romantic couples remains uncertain with regard to relationship outcomes. This study examined the effect of the perceptual similarity of psychopathy on marital quality in a sample of 245 heterosexual married couples, using intraclass correlation coefficients as the method for assessing couples' similarity. This study also explored the possible mediating role of couple communication based on the Actor–Partner Interdependence model. The results reveal that husbands' self‐rating and wives' partner‐rating of psychopathy showed negative effects on marital quality, whereas wives' perceptual similarity of psychopathy exerted both actor and partner effects on marital quality via couple communication. The current study enriches the theoretical framework of personality and relationship outcomes and emphasizes the importance of communication in a close relationship.
Tunable photoionization chemical monitoring (TPI‐CM)—A means to probe molecular ion structures and monitor unimolecular processes through bimolecular ion–molecule reactions: Past, present, and future
Authors: Rossi Corentin , Alcaraz Christian , Thissen Roland , Jacovella Ugo
Published: January 2023

The way in which molecules can arrange themselves is at the root of organic chemistry and elucidating the structures present in isomeric mixtures remains a major challenge nowadays. A tantalizing question for chemists is how molecules transform from one structural configuration to another one. This review introduces in details a technique—tunable photoionization chemical monitoring—that couples tandem mass spectrometry and photoionization enabling to answer the two aforementioned questions for molecular ions. It is based on tracking reactivity changes in bimolecular ion–molecule reactions as a function of the internal energy of the ions. This is illustrated with (i) the structural elucidation of ortho‐benzyne distonic cation within a C
population and (ii) the tracking of the isomerization from azulene radical cation as it gets gradually energized to naphthalene cation. In both cases, charge transfer reactions have been primarily used because of their universality. Finally, a state‐of‐the‐art of the TPI‐CM technique using the CERISES mass spectrometer is given, indicating current limitations as well as prospects of improvement.
Covalent nanoarchitectonics: Polymer synthesis with designer structures and sequences
Authors: Matsumoto Michio , Sutrisno Linawati , Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: January 2023

As a post nanotechnology concept, nanoarchitectonics integrates nanotechnology with the other research fields to create new functional materials from nanounits, where polymer chemistry plays indispensable roles. In this perspective article, we showcase and discuss about recent and past hot examples on polymer synthesis with sequence and/or structure regulations, including one dimensional sequential polymer of man‐made structures and bio‐related structures, multidimensional polymers through supramolecular templating polymerization and polymerization based on crystals and liquid crystals, and covalent organic framework.
Regulatory mechanisms of c‐di‐AMP synthase from Mycobacterium smegmatis revealed by a structure: Function analysis
Authors: Gautam Sudhanshu , Mahapa Avisek , Yeramala Lahari , Gandhi Apoorv , Krishnan Sushma , Kutti R. Vinothkumar , Chatterji Dipankar
Published: January 2023

Cyclic‐di‐nucleotide‐based secondary messengers regulate various physiological functions, including stress responses in bacteria. Cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c‐di‐AMP) has recently emerged as a crucial second messenger with implications in processes including osmoregulation, antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, virulence, DNA repair, ion homeostasis, and sporulation, and has potential therapeutic applications. The contrasting activities of the enzymes diadenylate cyclase (DAC) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) determine the equilibrium levels of c‐di‐AMP. Although c‐di‐AMP is suspected of playing an essential role in the pathophysiology of bacterial infections and in regulating host‐pathogen interactions, the mechanisms of its regulation remain relatively unexplored in mycobacteria. In this report, we biochemically and structurally characterize the c‐di‐AMP synthase (MsDisA) from Mycobacterium smegmatis. The enzyme activity is regulated by pH and substrate concentration; conditions of significance in the homoeostasis of c‐di‐AMP levels. Substrate binding stimulates conformational changes in the protein, and pApA and ppApA are synthetic intermediates detectable when enzyme efficiency is low. Unlike the orthologous Bacillus subtilis enzyme, MsDisA does not bind to, and its activity is not influenced in the presence of DNA. Furthermore, we have determined the cryo‐EM structure of MsDisA, revealing asymmetry in its structure in contrast to the symmetric crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima DisA. We also demonstrate that the N‐terminal minimal region alone is sufficient and essential for oligomerization and catalytic activity. Our data shed light on the regulation of mycobacterial DisA and possible future directions to pursue.
The B domain of protein A retains residual structures in 6 M guanidinium chloride as revealed by hydrogen/deuterium‐exchange NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Yanaka Saeko , Yagi‐Utsumi Maho , Kato Koichi , Kuwajima Kunihiro
Published: January 2023

The characterization of residual structures persistent in unfolded proteins is an important issue in studies of protein folding, because the residual structures present, if any, may form a folding initiation site and guide the subsequent folding reactions. Here, we studied the residual structures of the isolated B domain (BDPA) of staphylococcal protein A in 6 M guanidinium chloride. BDPA is a small three‐helix‐bundle protein, and until recently its folding/unfolding reaction has been treated as a simple two‐state process between the native and the fully unfolded states. We employed a dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)‐quenched hydrogen/deuterium (H/D)‐exchange 2D NMR techniques with the use of spin desalting columns, which allowed us to investigate the H/D‐exchange behavior of individually identified peptide amide (NH) protons. We obtained H/D‐exchange protection factors of the 21 NH protons that form an α‐helical hydrogen bond in the native structure, and the majority of these NH protons were significantly protected with a protection factor of 2.0–5.2 in 6 M guanidinium chloride, strongly suggesting that these weakly protected NH protons form much stronger hydrogen bonds under native folding conditions. The results can be used to deduce the structure of an early folding intermediate, when such an intermediate is shown by other methods. Among three native helical regions, the third helix in the C‐terminal side was highly protected and stabilized by side‐chain salt bridges, probably acting as the folding initiation site of BDPA. The present results are discussed in relation to previous experimental and computational findings on the folding mechanisms of BDPA.
Choice and use of long‐acting reversible contraceptives
Authors: Moore Kirsty
Published: January 2023

Long‐acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) – intrauterine contraceptives and progestogen‐only implants and injections – are cost‐effective and reliable but uptake is still relatively low. This article summarises the main LARC products available in the UK and their advantages and disadvantages.
New antidepressants: monoamines and beyond
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: January 2023

The monoamine hypothesis of depression has dominated treatment for decades, but for some with treatment‐resistant depression, alternative approaches are needed. This article discusses some of the other mechanisms involved in depression and how novel treatments could address these.
NICE on the assessment and management of self‐harm
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: January 2023

The new NICE guideline on assessing, managing and preventing self‐harm (NG225) provides best‐practice guidance to people who work with adults or children who have self‐harmed, including those in the health, social care, education and criminal justice systems. This article summarises the main recommendations.
The highs and lows of prescribing and monitoring lithium safely
Authors: Molloy Aisling
Published: January 2023

Lithium has an important role in the management of bipolar disorder and treatment‐resistant depression but its narrow therapeutic window means that careful monitoring is needed. This article discusses the investigations, monitoring requirements, drug interactions and complications to be aware of to ensure lithium prescribing is as safe as possible.
Ryeqo for the treatment of the symptoms of uterine fibroids
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: January 2023

Ryeqo is a combined formulation of relugolix, estradiol and norethisterone for the treatment of moderate to severe symptoms of uterine fibroids. This article outlines its efficacy, adverse effects and place in therapy.
Fluorescence labeling of anchor‐modified Mart‐1 peptide for increasing its affinity for HLA‐A*0201: Hit two targets with one arrow
Authors: Fattahi Pooya , Salehi Najmeh , Azizi Zahra , Mohammadi Javad , Norouzy Amir , Moazzeni Seyed Mohammad
Published: January 2023

One of the most successful strategies in designing peptide‐based cancer vaccines is modifying natural epitope peptides to increase their binding strength to human leukocyte antigens (HLAs). Anchor‐modified Mart‐1 peptide (ELAGIGILTV) is among the artificial epitope peptides with the highest binding affinity for HLA‐A*0201. In this study, by fluorescence labeling of its either C‐ or N‐terminus with Nε‐(5‐carboxyfluorescein)‐l‐lysine, we not only made it traceable but also drastically increased its binding strength to HLA‐A*0201. HLA streptamer, for the first time, is introduced for measuring the binding constants (Ka) of the labeled peptides. The affinity of the labeled peptides for the HLA‐A*201 of the MCF‐7 cells was extraordinarily high and co‐incubating them with the highest possible amount of the unlabeled peptide, as a competitor, did not significantly prohibit them from binding to the HLA. The reproducibility of the obtained results was confirmed by using the T2 cell line. The HLA‐deficient K562 cell line was used as the negative control. With in silico simulations, we found two hydrophobic pockets on both sides of HLA‐A*0201 for anchoring the C‐ or N‐terminal 5‐carboxyfluorescein probe, which can explain the extraordinary affinity of the labeled peptides for the HLA‐A*0201.
A super‐resolution proof of concept in a cycloidal coded aperture miniature mass spectrometer
Authors: Aloui Tanouir , Serpa Rafael Bento , Abboud Nabil , Horvath Kathleen L. , Keogh Justin , Parker Charles B. , Stern Jennifer C. , Denton M. Bonner , Sartorelli Maria Luisa , Glass Jeffrey T. , Gehm Michael E. , Amsden Jason J.
Published: January 2023

Rationale

Higher resolution in fieldable mass spectrometers (MS) is desirable in space flight applications to enable resolving isobaric interferences at m/z < 60 u. Resolution in portable cycloidal MS coupled with array detectors could be improved by reducing the slit width and/or by reducing the width of the detector pixels. However, these solutions are expensive and can result in reduced sensitivity. In this paper, we demonstrate high‐resolution spectral reconstruction in a cycloidal coded aperture miniature mass spectrometer (C‐CAMMS) without changing the slit or detector pixel sizes using a class of signal processing techniques called super‐resolution (SR).

Methods

We developed an SR reconstruction algorithm using a sampling SR approach whereby a set of spatially shifted low‐resolution measurements are reconstructed into a higher‐resolution spectrum. This algorithm was applied to experimental data collected using the C‐CAMMS prototype. It was then applied to synthetic data with additive noise, system response variation, and spatial shift nonuniformity to investigate the source of reconstruction artifacts in the experimental data.

Results

Experimental results using two ½ pixel shifted spectra resulted in a resolution of ¾ pixel full width at half maximum (FWHM) at m/z = 28 u. This resolution is equivalent to 0.013 u, six times better than the resolution previously published at m/z = 28 for N2+ using C‐CAMMS. However, the reconstructed spectra exhibited some artifacts. The results of the synthetic data study indicate that the artifacts are most likely caused by the system response variation.

Conclusions

This paper demonstrates super‐resolution spectral reconstruction in C‐CAMMS without changing the slit or detector pixel sizes using a sampling SR approach. With improvements, this technique could be used to resolve isobaric interferences in a portable cycloidal MS for space flight applications.
Solution Behavior of Bovine Skin Gelatin in the Presence of Cationic Gemini Surfactants
Authors: Ansari Farah , Lal Hira , Osama Mohammad , Akram Mohd. , Kabir‐ud‐Din
Published: January 2023

The biophysical interaction between gelatin and cationic biodegradable Cm−E2O−Cm gemini surfactants (Cm represents alkyl chain where m=12, 14 and 16; E2 and O denote two ester groups and ethylene oxide, respectively) was analyzed utilizing a multi‐technique approach. The electronic absorption spectroscopy, far‐UV CD and pyrene micropolarity data evinced the formation of a complex between the concerned geminis and the biopolymer. Interestingly, the intrinsic fluorescence spectra do not exhibit concentration dependent behavior with respect to the surfactants giving an impression of poor interaction of gelatin with the geminis. Thereafter, the bulk solution properties, viz. foaming stabilities, viscosities and emulsion stabilities were measured to analyze the effect of binding. All the results combined together led to the inference of significant interaction between gelatin and the gemini surfactants which influence their physicochemical properties.
Photocatalytic and Protective Thin Films for Enhanced Self‐cleaning Activity and Durability of Painted Steel Roofings
Authors: Fernando T. Lakshini D. , Ray Sudip , Perera Janesha , Swift Simon , Simpson M. Cather
Published: January 2023

Fouling of painted steel roofings over time due to biological organisms and other pollutants is a well‐known aesthetic, functional and environmental problem that highlights the importance of developing greener self‐cleaning technologies for roofing applications. Accordingly, a series of novel photocatalytic coating systems have been developed in this study by introducing a copolymer of tetratethyl orthosilane and methyltrimethoxysilane as the photochemically stable binder and intermediate protective layer. Visible light active carbon doped titanium dioxide and surface modified nano titanium dioxide with anatase‐rutile hetero junctions were used as the semiconductor photocataysts. The concentration of titanium dioxide was set as 10 %, 25 % and 40 % by weight of the dried photocatalytic film. Methylene blue photoderadation reaction kinetics and antimicrobial assays were used as the key measures of assessing the self‐cleaning performance. The morphological and chemical composition changes were analyzed as a function of time using scanning electron microscopic and spectroscopic techniques as a measure of service life of these putative photocatalytic coating systems. According, a high degree of self‐cleaning activity was observed in these novel photocatalytic coating systems having 10 % (w/w) to 40 % (w/w) titanium dioxide loading compared to the painted steel roofing control sample. A complete eradication and 2–3 orders of log reduction were achieved respectively against E.coli bacteria and A.niger and Cladosporium fungies. The introduction of the intermediate polysiloxane protective layer has significantly enhanced both the self‐cleaning activity and service life, minimizing the diffusion of photogenerated reactive oxygen species into subsequent underneath paint layers. The photocatalytic self‐cleaning activity and the rate of photodegradation have been increased with titanium dioxide concentration. The coating system with 10 % (w/w) surface modified nano titanium dioxide loading having the intermediate protective layer was found to be the optimum coating formulation to obtain a high degree of self‐cleaning activity at a minimum rate of photodegradation in this study.
Zn‐Doped CeO2 Nanorods: a Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate from CO2 and Methanol
Authors: Liu Na , Xue Yun , Yu Zairan , Li Yuanyuan , Xu Yang , Xu Jie , Xue Bing , Luo Jun , Wang Fei
Published: January 2023

The direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and CO2 is a green and sustainable processes. In this paper, a new type of Zn‐doped CeO2 nanorods catalyst was successfully prepared by a facile hydrothermal process, and characterized by a combination of techniques including XRD, Raman, HRTEM, SEM, N2‐sorption, CO2‐TPD, NH3‐TPD, XPS. The catalyst was employed as a catalyst for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and CO2. Catalytic results revealed that the Ce1Zn0.1Oδ nanorods catalyst demonstrated superior catalytic activity, affording a high DMC yield of 24.2 mmolDMC/gcat, which compared favorably to other previously reported catalysts. According to the XPS and CO2‐TPD measurements, in comparison with the pure CeO2 nanorods, the surface oxygen vacancies and weak basic sites can be systemically enriched by introducing optimal amount of Zn dopants into CeO2 to improve the catalytic activity for the reaction. This work establishes an efficient catalyst for the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from CO2 and methanol.
Propitious Indazole Compounds as β‐ketoacyl‐ACP Synthase Inhibitors and Mechanisms Unfolded for TB Cure: Integrated Rational Design and MD Simulations
Authors: Adewumi Adeniyi T. , Oluyemi Wande M. , Adekunle Yemi A. , Adewumi Nonhlanhla , Alahmdi Mohamed Issa , Soliman Mahmoud E. S. , Abo‐Dya Nader E.
Published: January 2023

Mycobacterium tuberculosis β‐ketoacyl‐ACP synthase I (KasA) involves in mycolic acid biosynthesis for cell wall maintenance; hence, it is a critical target in TB drug design. Thiolactomycin (TLM) and derivatives are the known standard KasA enzyme activity inhibitors. However, TLM analogues have poor activity against KasA protein. Indazole sulphonamide chemotype (JSF‐3285/JFX) was recently reported as a promising KasA enzyme inhibitor. JSF‐3285 mechanism is unclear; thus, it provides a means for designing KasA inhibitors. This study unfolds six hits as unprecedented KasA inhibitors. The inhibitory mechanisms of the screened compounds were investigated and compared with a standard inhibitor (TLM) using integrated molecular informatics and dynamics. JFX, M1, M2, and M5 molecules showed stronger interactions with KasA, having binding energy (kcal/mol) of −44.05, −41.52, −39.51, and −35.9, respectively, against −11.69 for TLM. Molecules showed good predicted inhibitory constants, drug‐likeness, ADME, and synthetic accessibility. KasA complex C‐α atoms RMSD and RMSF showed stable and erratic fluctuations compared to apo KasA. The findings provide potential antimycobacterial lead‐like molecules for future TB drugs.
In Silico Predictability of Toxicity Parameters Using the OECD QSAR Toolbox of Some Components of Cannabis sativa
Authors: Vázquez‐Valadez Víctor Hugo , Oliva‐Arellano María Virginia , Martínez‐Soriano Pablo Arturo , Hernández‐Serda Manuel Alejandro , Velázquez‐Sánchez Ana María , Concepción Rodríguez‐Maciel José , Angeles Enrique
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the quantitative structure‐activity relationship predictive models (QSAR) are presented: the prediction model for some of the main components of cannabis sativa, acute toxicity LD50 (n=45, r2=0.917, q2=0.902), chronic toxicity LOAEL (n=35, r2=0.911, q2=0.868), NOAEL(n=22, r2=0.964, q2=0.937), LOEL (n=26, r2=0.911, q2=0.863) and NOEL (n=25, r2=0.867, q2=0.802), in addition to carcinogenicity and mutagenicity effects. Only for the case of LD50, the values reported in the literature of the delta 9‐THC compound present in Cannabis sativa were taken into account and this model was applied to the other compounds present in the plant, which we consider the most relevant since they fell from the allowed domain for QSAR Toolbox to predict the LD50 of each of them, while the other additional endpoints were established according to the methodology that marks the QSAR Toolbox software. The application of these models and predictions allowed us to predict the permissible daily exposure (PDE) and acceptable daily intake (ADI) values of some of the cannabis components. This work aims to present important elements of the toxicology of some of the components of the plant that serve only as a reference and does not intend to favor or inhibit the use of cannabis for medicinal or recreational use.
Cs1−xDMAxPbI3versus CsPbI3for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Mengqi , Duan Linrui , Jacobsson T. Jesper , Luo Jingshan
Published: January 2023

Inorganic CsPbI3perovskite solar cells (CsPbI3PSCs) have attracted extensive attention because of their excellent thermal stability and appropriate bandgap for tandem solar cells. At present, intermediate phase engineering with organic additive, e.g., dimethyl amine iodide (DMAI), is the most common method to obtain high‐efficiency CsPbI3PSCs. However, it remains controversial whether the intermediate phase is entirely converted into a pure CsPbI3phase. By exploring the effect of annealing temperature, herein, it is demonstrated that substantial organic residues remain in the produced films while using the current standard recipes of DMA+‐assisted synthesis of Cs1−xDMAxPbI3perovskites. Thermal gravimetric and nuclear magnetic resonance show that DMA+remains in films annealed at a standard annealing temperature of 190 °C. The DMA+does, however, disappear if the annealing temperature is increased to 340 °C, which leads to a larger grain size, a contraction of the lattice, a narrower bandgap, and a redshift of the absorption onset. Though both Cs1−xDMAxPbI3and CsPbI3perovskite solar cells show decent efficiencies, the pure CsPbI3perovskite solar cells annealed at a higher temperature demonstrate higher operational stability.
Review on influence of nano bubble technology to enhance nanoboiling heat transfer: Environmental perspective
Authors: Senthilkumar Gnanamani , Ismail Rafi Mohamed , Karpagavasan Murughanandham
Published: January 2023

The primary focus of this review article is to investigate the behavior of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) suspended in clean water during the boiling heat dispersions (transfer process). With novel nano boiling technique, the convective heat transfer coefficient of nanoparticles in nanofluid, density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity were reviewed. The various research outcomes on MWCNT mixed with water are discussed. Based on various test results, it was evident that adding (MWCNT) raised the boiling heat transfer coefficient of the base fluids.
‘Telemedicine has a valid place in a modern veterinary profession‘
Authors: Williams Adele
Published: January 2023

Adele Williams and colleagues argue that assumptions made by some regarding remote prescribing from telemedicine providers are incorrect, and that such services can help to improve animal health and welfare and reduce the burden on physical veterinary practices.
John Stewart Dabell
Authors: Morris Richard
Published: January 2023

A highly regarded vet who was patient with young graduates and generous in giving them his time and his guidance. He was a giant of a man with a sense of humour to match.
Saville Nicholas Clayton
Authors: Andrews Tony
Published: January 2023

A loquacious man, he was enthusiastic about any subject and activity in which he was involved.
Lure of the wild leads student to combine conservation with veterinary science
Authors: Stiles Charlotte
Published: January 2023

Charlotte Stiles took a hands‐on approach both before and during her veterinary course to gain practical experience of wildlife health across various continents, countries and species.
Postmortem of a juvenile male Ganges River dolphin (Platanista gangetica spp. gangetica) in Bangladesh
Authors: Shil Subrata Kumar , Zahangir Md. Mahiuddin , Rahman Mohammad Mahbubur , Kibria Md. Manzoorul , Das Bhajan Chandra , Yadav Saroj Kumar , Siddiki AMAM Zonaed
Published: January 2023

A juvenile male Ganges River dolphin (Platanista gangetica spp. gangetica) was accidentally trapped in a seine net, rescued as dead and brought for postmortem examination to the Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Hospital. This endemic species has suffered an expressive population reduction over the last few decades. Therefore, the necropsy aimed to reveal the factors for the dolphin's death. The study revealed a few bruises and scratches in the lateral thoracic region of the skin, including congestion of the lung and liver, both macro‐ and microscopically. Furthermore, we observed that the dolphin's stomach was empty, the intestines were filled with gas and there was a cyst on its wall. The authors concluded that the dolphin died of suffocation from underwater entrapment in the fishing net. These findings may be helpful for veterinarians and conservationists to make strategies to save this endangered species.
RNA‐binding proteins in autoimmunity: From genetics to molecular biology
Authors: Lodde Valeria , Floris Matteo , Zoroddu Enrico , Zarbo Ignazio Roberto , Idda Maria Laura
Published: January 2023

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are chronic pathologies generated by the loss of immune tolerance to the body's own cells and tissues. There is growing recognition that RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) critically govern immunity in healthy and pathological conditions by modulating gene expression post‐transcriptionally at all levels: nuclear mRNA splicing and modification, export to the cytoplasm, as well as cytoplasmic mRNA transport, storage, editing, stability, and translation. Despite enormous efforts to identify new therapies for ADs, definitive solutions are not yet available in many instances. Recognizing that many ADs have a strong genetic component, we have explored connections between the molecular biology and the genetics of RBPs in ADs. Here, we review the genetics and molecular biology of RBPs in four major ADs, multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We anticipate that gaining insights into the genetics and biology of ADs can facilitate the discovery of new therapies.

This article is categorized under:

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Teaching Ethics Applied to AI from a Cultural Standpoint: What African “AI Ethics” for Africa?
Authors: Goffi Emmanuel R.
Published: January 2023

Ethics applied to Artificial Intelligence (AI), improperly called AI ethics, is mainly addressed through a Western perspective focusing on continental philosophy. As a result, discussions on ethics applied to AI are shaped by the West.
AdS/BCFT from conformal bootstrap: construction of gravity with branes and particles
Authors: Kusuki Yuya , Wei Zixia
Published: January 2023

Abstract

We initiate a conformal bootstrap program to study AdS3/BCFT2 with heavy excitations. We start by solving the bootstrap equations associated with two-point functions of scalar/non-scalar primaries under the assumption that one-point functions vanish. These correspond to gravity with a brane and a non-spinning/spinning particle where the brane and the particle do not intersect with each other. From the bootstrap equations, we obtain the energy spectrum and the modified black hole threshold. We then carefully analyze the gravity duals and find the results perfectly match the BCFT analysis. In particular, brane self-intersections, which are usually considered to be problematic, are nicely avoided by the black hole formation. Despite the assumption to solve the bootstrap equations, one-point functions of scalar primaries can be non-zero in general. We construct the holographic dual for a non-vanishing one-point function, in which the heavy particle can end on the brane, by holographically computing the Rényi entropy in AdS/BCFT. As a bonus, we find a refined formula for the holographic Rényi entropy, which appears to be crucial to correctly reproduce the boundary entropy term. On the other hand, we explain why one-point functions of non-scalar primaries always vanish from the gravity dual. The non-sensitivity of the solution for the bootstrap equation to the boundary entropy helps us to construct gravity duals with negative tension branes. We also find a holographic dual of boundary primaries.
Localization patterns of speech and language errors during awake brain surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Collée Ellen , Vincent Arnaud , Visch-Brink Evy , De Witte Elke , Dirven Clemens , Satoer Djaina
Published: January 2023

Awake craniotomy with direct electrical stimulation (DES) is the standard treatment for patients with eloquent area gliomas. DES detects speech and language errors, which indicate functional boundaries that must be maintained to preserve quality of life. During DES, traditional object naming or other linguistic tasks such as tasks from the Dutch Linguistic Intraoperative Protocol (DuLIP) can be used. It is not fully clear which speech and language errors occur in which brain locations. To provide an overview and to update DuLIP, a systematic review was conducted in which 102 studies were included, reporting on speech and language errors and the corresponding brain locations during awake craniotomy with DES in adult glioma patients up until 6 July 2020. The current findings provide a crude overview on language localization. Even though subcortical areas are in general less often investigated intraoperatively, still 40% out of all errors was reported at the subcortical level and almost 60% at the cortical level. Rudimentary localization patterns for different error types were observed and compared to the dual-stream model of language processing and the DuLIP model. While most patterns were similar compared to the models, additional locations were identified for articulation/motor speech, phonology, reading, and writing. Based on these patterns, we propose an updated DuLIP model. This model can be applied for a more adequate “location-to-function” language task selection to assess different linguistic functions during awake craniotomy, to possibly improve intraoperative language monitoring. This could result in a better postoperative language outcome in the future.
Seismic assessment and finite element modeling of traditional vs innovative point fixed glass facade systems (PFGFS)
Authors: D’Amore Simone , Bianchi Simona , Ciurlanti Jonathan , Pampanin Stefano
Published: January 2023

In the last decades, recent earthquakes have further highlighted the high vulnerability of non-structural components. Post-earthquake damage due to building envelope, equipment and building contents can lead to substantial economic losses in terms of repair costs and daily activity interruption (downtime). Moreover, non-structural damage can represent a life-safety threat for both occupants and pedestrians. These considerations confirm the crucial need for developing low-damage systems for either structural or non-structural elements. This paper aims to assess the seismic performance of glazed facade systems, widely adopted in modern buildings, focusing on point fixed glass facade systems (PFGFSs), also referred to as “spider glazing”. In this work, a numerical investigation is developed to study the seismic performance of such systems at both local-connection level through a 3D FEM in ABAQUS as well as at global system level through a simplified lumped plasticity model in SAP 2000 to assess the overall in-plane capacity of the facade. Based on the local connection and global facade system behavior, a novel low-damage connection system is herein proposed, and a parametric study is carried out on the key parameters influencing the facade capacity. The benefits of implementing low-damage connection details are highlighted by an increase of the in-plane capacity of the facade system when compared to a traditional solution. To further investigate the potential of the proposed low-damage details in preserving the integrity of the facade system itself, non-linear time history analyses have been carried out on a case-study building equipped with the innovative PFGFSs.
Turbulence Structure and Mixing in Strongly Stable Boundary-Layer Flows over Thermally Heterogeneous Surfaces
Authors: Mironov Dmitrii V. , Sullivan Peter P.
Published: January 2023

Direct numerical simulations (DNS) at bulk Reynolds number Re $$=10^4$$

=

10
4

and bulk Richardson number Ri $$=0.25$$

=
0.25

of plane Couette flow are performed with the results used to analyze the structure and mixing intensity in strongly stable boundary-layer flows. The Couette flow set-up is used as a proxy for a real-world stable boundary layer flow with surface thermal heterogeneity. Along the upper and lower walls, the temperature is either homogeneous or varies sinusoidally, but the horizontal-mean surface temperature is the same in all cases. Over homogeneous surfaces, the strong stratification always quenches turbulence resulting in linear velocity and temperature profiles. However, over a heterogeneous surface turbulence survives. Molecular diffusion and turbulence contribute to down-gradient momentum transfer. The total (diffusive plus turbulent) heat flux is directed downward, but its turbulent contribution is positive, i.e., up the mean temperature gradient. Analysis of covariances of velocity and temperature, their skewness, and the flow structure suggests that counter-gradient heat transport is due to quasi-organized cell-like vortical motions generated by surface thermal heterogeneity. These motions transfer heat upwards similar to their counterparts in highly convective boundary layers. Thus, the flow over heterogeneous surface features local convective instabilities and upward eddy heat transport, although the overall stratification remains stable with downward mean heat transfer. The DNS results are compared to the results from large-eddy simulations of weakly stable boundary layers (Mironov and Sullivan in J Atmos Sci 73:449–464, 2016). The DNS findings corroborate the key role of temperature variance in setting the structure and transport properties of stably stratified flow over heterogeneous surfaces, and the importance of third-order transport of the temperature variance.
Evaluation and refinement of a fish movement model for a tropical Australian stream subject to mine contaminant egress
Authors: Crook David A. , Wedd Dion , Adair Brendan J. , Mooney Thomas J. , Harford Andrew J. , Humphrey Chris L. , Morrongiello John R. , King Alison J.
Published: January 2023

The impacts of mine contaminants on ecological connectivity in rivers and streams are poorly documented globally. We used acoustic telemetry to evaluate and refine conceptual models of fish movement in Magela Creek, a stream in the wet-dry tropics of Australia. This creek receives wastewater discharge from a nearby uranium mine, and a secondary objective was to describe behavioural responses of fish to one such discharge event. Of 55 fish (black bream Hephaestus fuliginosus, saratoga Scleropages jardinii, sharp-nose grunter Syncomistes butleri) tagged in dry season refuge pools 18 km upstream of the mine lease area (RPA [Ranger Project Area]), 16 (29%) moved downstream after the first wet season flows, using the RPA as habitat for 3–5 months before moving upstream to their previous locations as flows receded. Of 39 fish (spangled perch Leiopotherapon unicolor, barred grunter Amniataba percoides, black catfish Neosilurus ater) tagged ~ 8–12 km downstream of the RPA in the late wet season, only two were subsequently detected in the RPA. Direct and camera-based observations of 12 species of upstream-migrating fish during mine-water discharge in the late wet season showed no evidence of mine-water avoidance. Our results demonstrate that Magela Creek provides wet season habitat for fish within the RPA and acts as a migration pathway that connects lowland reaches and floodplains to upstream dry season refuges. Use by fish of waterbodies within the RPA highlights the need to manage the site to ensure that future contaminant egress and water quality do not adversely affect fish migration and habitat suitability.
Estimating spatial disease rates using health statistics without geographic identifiers
Authors: Cortes-Ramirez Javier , Wilches-Vega Juan D. , Michael Ruby N. , Singh Vishal , Paris-Pineda Olga M.
Published: January 2023

Morbidity statistics can be reported as grouped data for health services rather than for individual residence area, especially in low-middle income countries. Although such reports can support some evidence-based decisions, these are of limited use if the geographical distribution of morbidity cannot be identified. This study estimates the spatial rate of Acute respiratory infections (ARI) in census districts in Cúcuta -Colombia, using an analysis of the spatial distribution of health services providers. The spatial scope (geographical area of influence) of each health service was established from their spatial distribution and the population covered. Three levels of spatial aggregation were established considering the spatial scope of primary, intermediate and tertiary health services providers. The ARI cases per census district were then calculated and mapped using the distribution of cases per health services provider and the proportion of population per district in each level respectively. Hotspots of risk were identified using the Local Moran’s I statistic. There were 98 health services providers that attended 8994, 18,450 and 91,025 ARI cases in spatial levels 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Higher spatial rates of ARI were found in districts in central south; northwest and northeast; and southwest Cúcuta with hotspots of risk found in central and central south and west and northwest Cucuta. The method used allowed overcoming the limitations of health data lacking area of residence information to implementing epidemiological analyses to identify at risk communities. This methodology can be used in socioeconomic contexts where geographic identifiers are not attached to health statistics.
The effects of physical disturbance and sediment refuge on the growth of young native freshwater mussels Elliptio complanata (Eastern Elliptio)
Authors: Forbes-Green Marcus J. , Cyr Hélène
Published: January 2023

Native freshwater mussels form a critical component of benthic foodwebs, but are endangered worldwide, making their study an important conservation issue. Many unionids live in shallow environments where they are potentially vulnerable to natural disturbances, but the impact of physical forces on their growth and the role of sediments as a refuge is poorly understood. Here, we validate the use of two types of shell internal lines (nacreous, prismatic) as indicators of physical disturbance and shell coloration as an indicator of sedimentary habitat. We use these indicators to test (1) whether the sediments provide an effective refuge for juvenile and young adult mussels from natural disturbances and (2) whether disturbance events affect their growth.Elliptio complanata(Eastern Elliptio) emerge from the sediments when they are 20–50 mm in size and 2.5–7 years old. Juvenile and young adults lay down more disturbance lines at more exposed nearshore sites, but also in small lake basins with dense mussel populations. Disturbance lines are produced during both endo- and epibenthic growth periods, but in contrast to adults, they are not associated with growth anomalies. Sediments accumulating in shallow nearshore areas of lakes provide an imperfect but effective refuge for native mussels that warrant protection.
Immunodetection of Pyruvate Carboxylase Expression in Human Astrocytomas, Glioblastomas, Oligodendrogliomas, and Meningiomas
Authors: Gondáš Eduard , Kráľová Trančíková Alžbeta , Dibdiaková Katarina , Galanda Tomáš , Hatok Jozef , Račay Peter , Dobrota Dušan , Murín Radovan
Published: January 2023

Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) is an enzyme catalyzing the carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate. The enzymatic generation of oxaloacetate, an intermediate of the Krebs cycle, could provide the cancer cells with the additional anaplerotic capacity and promote their anabolic metabolism. Recent studies revealed that several types of cancer cells express PC. The gained anaplerotic capability of cells mediated by PC correlates with their expedited growth, higher aggressiveness, and increased metastatic potential. By immunohistochemical staining and immunoblotting analysis, we investigated PC expression among samples of different types of human brain tumors. Our results show that PC is expressed by the cells in glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and meningioma tumors. The presence of PC in these tumors suppose that PC could support the anabolic metabolism of their cellular constituents by its anaplerotic capability.
Moment-based density estimation of confidential micro-data: a computational statistics approach
Authors: Wakefield Bradley , Lin Yan-Xia , Sarathy Rathin , Muralidhar Krishnamurty
Published: January 2023

Providing access to synthetic micro-data in place of confidential data to protect the privacy of participants is common practice. For the synthetic data to be useful for analysis, it is necessary that the density function of the synthetic data closely approximate the confidential data. Hence, accurately estimating the density function based on sample micro-data is important. Existing kernel-based, copula-based, and machine learning methods of joint density estimation may not be viable. Applying the multivariate moments’ problem to sample-based density estimation has long been considered impractical due to the computational complexity and intractability of optimal parameter selection of the density estimate when the true joint density function is unknown. This paper introduces a generalised form of the sample moment-based density estimate, which can be used to estimate joint density functions when only the information of empirical moments is available. We demonstrate optimal parametrisation of the moment-based density estimate based solely on sample data by employing a computational strategy for parameter selection. We compare the performance of the moment-based estimate to that of existing non-parametric and parametric density estimation methods. The results show that using empirical moments can provide a reasonable, robust non-parametric approximation of a joint density function that is comparable to existing non-parametric methods. We provide an example of synthetic data generation from the moment-based density estimate and show that the resulting synthetic data provides a reasonable disclosure-protected alternative for public release.
How should we promote transient diversity in science?
Authors: Wu Jingyi , O’Connor Cailin
Published: January 2023

Diversity of practice is widely recognized as crucial to scientific progress. If all scientists perform the same tests in their research, they might miss important insights that other tests would yield. If all scientists adhere to the same theories, they might fail to explore other options which, in turn, might be superior. But the mechanisms that lead to this sort of diversity can also generate epistemic harms when scientific communities fail to reach swift consensus on successful theories. In this paper, we draw on extant literature using network models to investigate diversity in science. We evaluate different mechanisms from the modeling literature that can promote transient diversity of practice, keeping in mind ethical and practical constraints posed by real epistemic communities. We ask: what are the best ways to promote an appropriate amount of diversity of practice in scientific communities?
Therapeutic uses and applications of bovine lactoferrin in aquatic animal medicine: an overview
Authors: Abdelnour Sameh A. , Ghazanfar Shakira , Abdel-Hamid Mahmoud , Abdel-Latif Hany M.R. , Zhang Zhaowei , Naiel Mohammed A.E.
Published: January 2023

Aquaculture is an important food sector throughout the globe because of its importance in ensuring the availability of nutritious and safe food for human beings. In recent years, this sector has been challenged with several obstacles especially the emergence of infectious disease outbreaks. Various treatment and control aspects, including antibiotics, antiseptics, and other anti-microbial agents, have been used to treat farmed fish and shrimp against diseases. Nonetheless, these medications have been prohibited and banned in many countries because of the development of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial strains, the accumulation of residues in the flesh of farmed fish and shrimp, and their environmental threats to aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, scientists and researchers have concentrated their research on finding natural and safe products to control disease outbreaks. From these natural products, bovine lactoferrin can be utilized as a functional feed supplement. Bovine lactoferrin is a multi-functional glycoprotein applied in various industries, like food preservation, and numerous medications, due to its non-toxic and ecological features. Recent research has proposed multiple advantages and benefits of using bovine lactoferrin in aquaculture. Reports showed its potential ability to enhance growth, reduce mortalities, regulate iron metabolism, decrease disease outbreaks, stimulate the antioxidant defense system, and recuperate the overall health conditions of the treated fish and shrimp. Besides, bovine lactoferrin can be considered as a safe antibiotic alternative and a unique therapeutic agent to decrease the negative impacts of infectious diseases. These features can be attributed to its well-known antibacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and antioxidant capabilities. This literature review will highlight the implications of bovine lactoferrin in aquaculture, particularly highlighting its therapeutic features and ability to promote immunological defensive pathways in fish. The information included in this article would be valuable for further research studies to improve aquaculture’s sustainability and the functionality of aquafeeds.
Experimental Investigation of Phase Relations and Thermodynamic Modelling of the Fe-Mn-Zr System
Authors: Kuprava A. , Saenko I. , Fischer P. , Fabrichnaya O.
Published: January 2023

Phase equilibria in the Fe-Mn-Zr system have been studied experimentally using SEM/EDX methods, EBSD and powder x-ray diffraction. Quasi binary section of ZrFe2-ZrMn2has been constructed. Invariant reactions were studied using differential thermal analysis followed by SEM/EDX. Using obtained experimental results at 1073 K, ternary isothermal section has been constructed. A self-consistent thermodynamic description of the Fe-Mn-Zr system has been developed using the CALPHAD method based on the new experimental information.