bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Two-Stage Optimisation Approach for a Sustainable Physical Internet Multi-Modal Barge–Road Hub Terminal
Authors: Perez Monica-Juliana , Chargui Tarik , Trentesaux Damien
Published: November 2024

The logistics and transportation sectors are struggling to manage empty containers (ECs), resulting in unused resources, inefficiencies, and increased CO2 emissions. The Physical Internet (PI) concept provides an opportunity to improve container sharing and transportation by intelligently organising logistics resources. This paper shows how PI principles can address the EC problem in truck transportation. The objective is to reduce CO2 emissions with improved space-sharing strategies. The problem is formulated and solved using a two-stage optimisation approach (2Stage-Opt) to optimise container motion. The validity of the 2Stage-Opt solutions is tested using a developed multi-agent system simulation (MASS) model to replicate the behaviour of real multi-modal hubs. This approach is evaluated using a real-world case study from a multi-modal logistics centre in the north of France. The results indicate that utilising PI-container solutions offers significant sustainability benefits, especially in reducing the number of trucks used in the simulation and the CO2 emissions from ECs.
Ecological Repellent Preparations Based on Natural Polymers with the Addition of Essential Oils Acting on Ticks
Authors: Owczarek Monika , Wiśniewska-Wrona Maria , Bartosik Katarzyna , Buczek Alicja , Sikora Monika , Piekarska Klaudia , Cichacz Piotr , Śniarowski Patryk , Mrozińska Zdzisława , Kudzin Marcin H. , Gzyra-Jagieła Karolina , Jóźwik-Pruska Jagoda
Published: November 2024

Background: Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) pose a serious medical and veterinary threat as vectors of tick-borne pathogens. The wide variety of tick repellents available on the market primarily consist of synthetic preparations that may disrupt the ecological balance and accumulate in the environment, leading to harmful effects on humans and animals. The aim of the study was to develop an ecological preparation based on natural raw materials (biopolymers) with the addition of a mixture of essential oils that act as tick repellents. Methods: The preparations were acquired through the emulsification method, specifically the oil-in-water emulsion technique. The assessment encompassed an analysis of their physicochemical properties, including centrifugal and thermal stability, dynamic viscosity, wetting angle, and conductivity. Additionally, their biodegradation and ecotoxicity profiles were evaluated, as well as their impact on tick behavior. Results: The preparations exhibited stability, rapid biodegradation, and absence of ecotoxicity. Additionally, they had repellent properties against the two tested species of ticks (Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus). Conclusions: Emulsion formulations comprising natural ingredients have significant research potential for combating ticks, thus mitigating the risk of tick-borne diseases in both human and animal populations.
Can Serum and Saliva Inflammatory Cytokines Be Considered a Reliable Marker in Chronic Oral Graft-Versus-Host Disease Patients?
Authors: Pugliese Giorgia , Nitro Letizia , Allevi Fabiana , Biglioli Federico , Coccapani Matilde , Felisati Giovanni , Ferella Francesco , Ghilardi Giorgio , Montavoci Linda , Caretti Anna , Saibene Alberto Maria
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and oral lichen planus (LPO) are chronic inflammatory conditions with similar oral manifestations. This study aimed to assess whether serum and salivary cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-17) could serve as reliable biomarkers for cGVHD. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted involving cGVHD patients, LPO patients, and healthy controls. Cytokine levels in serum and saliva were measured by ELISA and compared across the groups using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: IL-17 levels were significantly elevated in the serum of cGVHD patients compared to LPO patients and controls (p < 0.05). However, IL-6 and IL-1α did not show significant differences among the groups. A comparison of salivary samples between the three groups did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that IL-17 could be a potential biomarker for cGVHD-related inflammation, warranting further investigation. Salivary samples do not seem to be a reliable biological marker for the diagnosis of cGVHD. The findings underline the need for larger studies to validate these preliminary results.
Investigation on Mechanical Shock Wave Protective and Thermodynamic Properties of SiO2-Aerogel-Modified Polyurea
Authors: Liu Chuanyi , Xu Wenlong , Yang Tonghui , Ma Dong , Jia Shiyu , Li Zehao
Published: November 2024

In recent years, industrial explosion accidents are frequent, causing serious negative influences on society. Mechanical shock waves, as a typical destructive factor in explosion accidents, can cause serious personal injury and building damage. In addition, actual explosion accidents usually involve heat sources, harming protective materials and personnel. In this study, we designed SiO2-aerogel-modified polyurea and studied the effects of manufacturing pressure process and the concentration of SiO2 aerogel on the mechanical shock wave mitigation and thermodynamic properties of the modified polyurea. The results show that the addition of SiO2 aerogel can improve the mechanical shock wave mitigation performance of polyurea. The maximum peak overpressure and acceleration mitigation rate of the material has reached 17.84% and 62.21%, respectively. The addition of SiO2 aerogel helps to reduce the thermal conductivity of materials and improve the thermal insulation performance, and the atmospheric pressure process is more conducive to improving the thermal insulation performance of materials. The minimum thermal conductivity of the material has reached 0.14174 W/m·K, which is 45.65% lower than that of pure polyurea. The addition of SiO2 aerogel has different effects on the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of polyurea. Using a vacuum process, the LOI value increased with the increase in the SiO2 aerogel concentration, while using atmospheric pressure, the LOI value increased but is always lower than 21% and lower than pure polyurea. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the addition of SiO2 aerogel under the vacuum process was helpful to improve the thermal stability of materials. However, atmospheric pressure would disrupt the thermal stability, manifested in a decrease in peak degradation temperature, an increase in peak degradation rate, and a decrease in residual mass.
Formation of Heterogeneous Nucleation of B2-NiAl in Hot Rolled Fe-Mn-Al-C Plate: A Novel Composition and Processing Route for Lightweight High Strength Steel Containing Nickel
Authors: Piston Michael , Bartlett Laura , Limmer Krista R. , Field Daniel M. , Hornbuckle Billy C.
Published: November 2024

In this study, a novel lightweight Fe-Mn-Al-C steel composition and thermomechanical processing route was developed to produce a fully austenitic microstructure with a uniform intragranular dispersion of B2-NiAl precipitation in order to overcome the significant challenge of strengthening hot-rolled Fe-Mn-Al-C steels while retaining toughness. The new composition and processing methods allow for the processing of ultrahigh-strength Fe-Mn-Al-C steel containing nickel as thicker gauge plate for a multitude of new automotive and structural applications where lightweighting is critical. The composition investigated in this study was a fully austenitic Fe-21Mn-9Al-1C-8Ni wt% steel. Two hot rolling methods were investigated: the first procedure involved lower temperature rolling cycles to precipitate B2-NiAl during hot rolling and reheating. The second method involved higher temperature rolling to precipitate B2-NiAl after thermomechanical processing during a short isothermal treatment. The lower temperature rolling produced plate with an ultimate tensile strength of 1120 MPa and a Charpy V-Notch (CVN) toughness of 24 J at −40 °C. After the high temperature rolling procedure, precipitation of B2-NiAl through a subsequent precipitation hardening step resulted in reduced B2-NiAl size and improved the ultimate tensile strength above 1300 MPa. The two novel processing routes of a single composition can be performed with current manufacturing capabilities to produce hot rolled plate strengthened by B2-NiAl precipitation to various hardness (ranging from 33 to 41 HRC) and strength levels (ranging from 1100 to 1320 MPa ultimate tensile strength) while retaining 22–27% elongation.
Fatigue Crack Initiation and Growth Behaviors of Additively Manufactured Ti-6AI-4V Alloy After Hot Isostatic Pressing Post-Process
Authors: Zang Tao , Gao Ying , Zhao Yuan , Yang Pengfei , E Shiju , Liu Yang , Liang Jun , Zhang Ye , Zhang Jiazhen
Published: November 2024

In this study, the fatigue crack initiation and growth behaviors of an additively manufactured (AM) Ti-6AI-4V alloy were investigated, and its prospect for fatigue applications was evaluated. The AM specimens were first fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) and then underwent a cycle of annealing at 800 °C for 2 h and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment at 920 °C/150 MPa/3 h followed by surface machining. Prefabricated spherical defects with different diameters (1.0 mm and 2.0 mm) were introduced to examine the efficacy of HIP treatment for eliminating the built defects. Both fracture morphology and microstructure were characterized to reveal the failure mechanism of these tested specimens. The results suggest that both the fatigue lives and fatigue crack growth resistances of most SLM+HIP-processed specimens are much higher than those of traditional wrought material, thus highlighting that the AM Ti-6AI-4V alloy can be a better candidate for future fatigue applications. However, due to the large variability in fatigue performance, the current SLM+HIP-processed Ti-6Al-4V alloy still cannot meet the demand for high safety and reliability.
Insulator Material Deposited with Molybdenum Disulphide Prospective for Sensing Application
Authors: Cutroneo Mariapompea , Malinsky Petr , Novak Josef , Maly Jan , Stofik Marcel , Slepicka Petr , Torrisi Lorenzo
Published: November 2024

Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) exhibits interesting properties for applications in micro and nano-electronics. The key point for sensing properties of a device is the quality of the material’s surface. In this study, MoS2 layers were deposited on polymers by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). This process was monitored by a mass quadrupole spectrometer to record the emissions of MoS2 and evaluate the amount of molybdenum and sulfur compounds generated. The changes in laser parameters during the PLD strongly affect the properties of the formed MoS2 film. The exploration of the composition and structure of the films was followed by Attenuated Total Reflectance–Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and mass quadrupole spectrometer (MQS). The possible application of the fabricated composite as a sensor is preliminarily considered.
A Fuzzy Gold Mineral Prediction Model Integrating with Knowledge-Driven and Data-Driven: A Case Study of the Hatu Region in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Feng Yajie , Wang Yongzhi , Wang Cheng , Tian Jiangtao , Wen Shibo , Zhou Yanbin , Cheng Yigao
Published: November 2024

As mineral resources become increasingly scarce, the search for potential ore deposits presents a significant challenge in geological exploration. Subjective factors often constrain traditional knowledge-driven approaches, while purely data-driven methods may overlook the geological significance of data relationships, potentially compromising the accuracy and reliability of predictions. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel mineral prediction model that integrates fuzzy comprehensive evaluation with both knowledge-driven and data-driven approaches (FCEKDD), resulting in an optimized comprehensive mineral prediction model based on multi-source geoscience data. This model establishes comprehensive exploration indicators based on expert knowledge and quantitatively assesses these indicators through fuzzy evaluation methods to evaluate mineralization potential, thereby delineating exploration targets within the study area. Ultimately, a three-layer predictive framework is constructed using the C-A fractal method. Experimental results indicate that 57.1% of known mineral points are within the primary prediction zone, thus demonstrating the model’s high predictive accuracy. Comparisons with a random forest model reveal that the FCEKDD model has advantages in addressing geoscience data uncertainty and interpreting geological phenomena. This research validates the reliability and applicability of the proposed model in mineral exploration mapping, providing an effective solution for future mineral resource exploration.
Self-Powered Deep-Ultraviolet Photodetector Driven by Combined Piezoelectric/Ferroelectric Effects
Authors: Hoang Huy Vo Pham , Bark Chung Wung
Published: November 2024

In this study, in situ piezoelectricity was incorporated into the photoactive region to prepare a self-powered deep-ultraviolet photodetector based on a mixture of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)@Ga2O3 and polyethyleneimine (PEI)/carbon quantum dots (CQDs). A ferroelectric composite layer was prepared using β-Ga2O3 as a filler, and the β-phase of PVDF was used as the polymer matrix. The strong piezoelectricity of β-PVDF can facilitate the separation and transport of photogenerated carriers in the depletion region and significantly reduce the dark current when the device is biased with an external bias, resulting in a high on/off ratio and high detection capability. The self-powered PD exhibited specific detectivity (D* = 3.5 × 1010 Jones), an on/off ratio of 2.7, and a response speed of 0.11/0.33 s. Furthermore, the prepared PD exhibits excellent photoresponse stability under continuous UV light, with the photocurrent retaining 83% of its initial value after about 500 s of irradiation. Our findings suggest a new approach for developing cost-effective UV PDs for optoelectronic applications in related fields.
3D Lattices of Core/Shell Ge/Mn Quantum Dots in an Alumina Matrix: Structure, Fabrication, and Photo-Electrical Properties
Authors: Periša Ivana , Svalina Gabrijela , Ivanda Mile , Tkalčević Marija , Bernstorff Sigrid , Mičetić Maja
Published: November 2024

Materials consisting of quantum dots with a semiconductor-core, metal–shell structure often have exciting and tunable photo-electrical properties in a large range of values, and they are adjustable by core and shell structure parameters. Here, we investigated the influence of Mn-shell addition to Ge quantum dots formed in an alumina matrix by magnetron sputtering deposition. We show a well-achieved formation of the 3D regular lattices of Ge-core, Mn-rich shell quantum dots, which were achieved by self-assembled growth mode. Intermixing of Ge and Mn in the shell was observed. The optical, electrical, and photo-conversion properties were strongly affected by the addition of the Mn shell and its thickness. The shell induced changes in the optical gap of the materials and caused an increase in the material’s conductivity. The most significant changes occurred in the photo-electrical properties of the materials. Their quantum efficiency, i.e., the efficiency of the conversion of photon energy to the electrical current, was very strongly enhanced by the shell addition, though it depended on its thickness. The best results were obtained for the thinnest shell added to the Ge core, for which the maximal quantum efficiency was significantly enhanced by more than 100%. The effect was, evidently, the consequence of multiple exciton generation, which was enhanced by the shell addition. The obtained materials offer great potential for various applications in photo-sensitive devices.
Relationship Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alonso-Pérez José Luís , Martínez-Pérez Iker , Romero-Morales Carlos , Abuín-Porras Vanesa , López-Bueno Ruben , Rossettini Giacomo , Leigheb Massimiliano , Villafañe Jorge Hugo
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Chronic pain impacts approximately 18% of the Spanish population, with low levels of vitamin D prevalent in over 80% of individuals over 65. Given vitamin D’s critical role in pain modulation, its deficiency may be significantly linked to chronic musculoskeletal pain, though existing research offers mixed results. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines, examining studies from PubMed, Cochrane, and PEDRO databases from 1990 onwards that investigated the relationship between vitamin D levels and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Results: A total of 30 studies met the inclusion criteria set by the NHLBI’s quality standards. The results are inconclusive regarding the direct relationship between vitamin D levels and chronic musculoskeletal pain due to evidence heterogeneity. However, there appears to be an inverse relationship between vitamin D levels and the intensity of pain. Conclusions: While the association between vitamin D levels and chronic musculoskeletal pain remains uncertain, the inverse correlation with pain intensity suggests a potential therapeutic role of vitamin D supplementation in pain management. Further research is needed to substantiate these findings and refine intervention strategies.
The Importance of Self-Identities and Habitual Behavior for Eating More Plant Foods
Authors: Jeżewska-Zychowicz Marzena , Sajdakowska Marta , Gębski Jerzy , Kosicka-Gębska Małgorzata , Gutkowska Krystyna
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the predictors of eating more plant-based foods and legumes in terms of previous changes in consumption, habitual frequency of consumption, intention to reduce the amount of meat consumed, and health and environmental identities. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between June and September 2023 in 881 Polish adults. Based on two self-descriptors, four groups of respondents were identified: no health identity and no environmental identity (nHI-nEI), health identity but no environmental identity (HI-nEI), no health identity but environmental identity (nHI-EI), and both health identity and environmental identity (HI-EI). A logistic regression analysis was used to verify associations between habitual eating of red meat, white meat, and legumes, changes in their intake over the past two years, familiarity with plant-based substitutes for animal products, health, and environmental identity, declared intentions to eat less meat, and the intentions to eat more plant-based food and eat more legumes next year. Results: Individuals were more likely to increase their consumption of plant foods (OR: 1.99, p = 0.001), including legumes (OR: 1.79, p = 0.045), when they represented the HI-EI group, had increased their consumption of legumes in the past two years (OR: 2.91, p = 0.009, and OR: 2.15, p = 0.017, respectively), declared an intention to reduce meat (OR: 8.02, p < 0.001, and OR: 12.08, p < 0.001, respectively), but also occasionally consumed plant-based meat substitutes (OR: 1.76, p = 0.002, and OR: 2.61, p < 0.001, respectively). However, individuals were more likely to increase their consumption of plant foods, but not legumes, if they currently consumed legumes frequently (OR: 1.36, p = 0.009, and OR: 1.22, p = 0.111, respectively) and had previously limited their consumption of red meat (OR: 2.40, p < 0.001, and OR: 1.09, p = 0.717, respectively). Conclusions: The habitual frequency of eating red and white meat did not predict the increased consumption of plant foods in the future. It is equally important to increase people’s awareness of the impact of the food they consume on health and the environment to support their health and pro-environmental motivation for food choices. Public health and sustainability campaigns should develop new methods to reach populations less willing to change.
Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and Mental Health in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults
Authors: Li Yongxuan , Hua Li , Ran Qingqing , Gu Jiawei , Bao Yujia , Sun Jinli , Wu Lan , He Mu , Zhang Yuzheng , Gu Jinxin , Ran Jinjun
Published: November 2024

Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are promising nutrients for the prevention and management of psychiatric disorders. Both animal experiments and cohort studies have demonstrated the antidepressant effects of PUFAs, especially omega-3 PUFAs. However, inconsistent reports about specific types of PUFAs, such as the omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs, still exist. Objectives: To assess the effects of specific PUFAs on mental disorders and related symptoms and explore the potential mechanisms involving white matter microstructure. Methods: Leveraging 102,252 residents from the UK Biobank, the effects of five PUFA measures on depressive disorder and anxiety disorder were explored through Cox regression models with full adjustment for possible confounders. Furthermore, the effects on related psychiatric symptoms and brain white matter microstructures were also estimated using logistic regression models and multiple linear regression models, respectively. Results: In this study, plasma levels of five PUFAs measured in quartile 4 were associated with lower risks of incident depressive disorder compared with the lowest quartile, with hazard ratios of 0.80 [95% confidence interval] = [0.71, 0.90] for total PUFAs, 0.86 [0.76, 0.97] for omega-3 PUFAs, 0.80 [0.71, 0.91] for docosahexaenoic acid, 0.79 [0.70, 0.89] for omega-6 PUFAs, and 0.77 [0.69, 0.87] for linoleic acid. Similar associations were observed between PUFAs and the incident risk of anxiety disorder. In addition, high plasma PUFA levels were also related to lower risks of occurrence of several adverse psychological symptoms, especially omega-3 PUFAs and DHA. Among the included participants, 8780 individuals with brain imaging information were included in further neuroimaging analyses, and significant associations with white matter microstructures were observed. Conclusions: Thus, this study provides population-based evidence to support the value of interventions to target PUFAs (specifically omega-3 PUFAs) for the prevention and improvement of mental health.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Muscle Strength—Current State of Knowledge and Future Perspectives
Authors: Tomczyk Maja
Published: November 2024

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), specifically the most biologically active (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), have well-documented health-promoting effects, including, but not limited to, controlling inflammatory processes in the human body and supporting cardiovascular and cognitive health and visual processes. There is also some evidence pointing to the potential of EPA and DHA to preserve and/or enhance muscle strength. Muscle strength plays a crucial role in preventing age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function and the subsequent impaired functionality in the daily lives of the elderly. It also has a significant role in physical performance by aiding in the effectiveness of training elements, such as vertical jumps, sprinting, changes of direction, rate of force development, and anaerobic conditioning. Previous studies have indicated that supplementation with n-3 PUFAs may have a small but significant effect on preserving and/or increasing muscle strength in both healthy adults and in elderly. However, the number of studies published on this topic is limited. The goal of this narrative review is to summarize the effects of EPA and DHA supplementation on muscle strength and identify the limitations of previous studies that, if addressed, will help confirm or exclude the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs on muscle strength in humans.
Gut Microbiota and Gut–Brain Axis in Hypertension: Implications for Kidney and Cardiovascular Health—A Narrative Review
Authors: Młynarska Ewelina , Wasiak Jakub , Gajewska Agata , Bilińska Aleksandra , Steć Greta , Jasińska Joanna , Rysz Jacek , Franczyk Beata
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Arterial hypertension is a major contributor to a wide range of health complications, with cardiac hypertrophy and chronic kidney disease being among the most prevalent. Consequently, novel strategies for the treatment and prevention of hypertension are actively being explored. Recent research has highlighted a potential link between hypertension and the gut–brain axis. A bidirectional communication between the microbiota and the brain via the vagus nerve, enteric nervous system, hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis, secreted short-chain fatty acids, and neurotransmitter metabolism. Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed to identify studies exploring the relationship between gut microbiota and hypertension, along with the effects of dietary interventions and probiotics on blood pressure regulation. Discussion: Studies in both animal models and human subjects have demonstrated a strong correlation between alterations in gut microbiota composition and the development of hypertension. By influencing blood pressure, the gut microbiota can potentially affect the progression of cardiovascular and kidney disorders. Modulating gut microbiota through dietary interventions and probiotics has shown promise in regulating blood pressure and reducing systemic inflammation, offering a novel approach to managing hypertension. Diets such as the Mediterranean diet, which is rich in polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids and low in sodium, promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria that support cardiovascular health. Additionally, probiotics have been found to enhance gut barrier function, reduce inflammation, and modulate the Renin–Angiotensin System, all of which contribute to lowering blood pressure. Conclusions: Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms of action of the microbiota in hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of gut microbiota on blood pressure regulation and the progression of hypertension-related complications, such as cardiovascular and kidney disorders.
Current Perspectives for Treating Adolescents with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Review
Authors: Niechciał Elżbieta , Wais Paulina , Bajtek Jan , Kędzia Andrzej
Published: November 2024

Background: Childhood obesity is an epidemic and a significant health concern all over the world. Several factors can influence excess weight gain, including eating behaviors, physical inactivity, and genetics. Children and adolescents with obesity have a four-times greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with their normal-weight peers. The management of obesity before the development of its comorbidities may prevent its escalation into significant medical and psychosocial problems. However, treatment options for obesity and T2D in youth remained limited for many years, and moreover, available drugs were characterized by low efficacy. The Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study showed that metformin in monotherapy failed in almost 52% of children with T2D, while adjuncts to rosiglitazone and lifestyle intervention failed in 38.6% and 46.6%, respectively. Recently approved antiobesity medications and/or bariatric surgery are revolutionizing the management of adolescents with obesity and T2D. This work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current treatment possibilities for childhood obesity and T2D. Methods: An in-depth review of articles with evidence-based research from different countries discussing novel management options for adolescents with obesity and/or T2D was conducted in this review paper. Results: The new medications, such as SGLT2 receptor agonists and GLP-1 agonists, are highly effective in treating T2D in adolescents with obesity. Conclusions: Based on the performed literature review, the recent approval of a novel generation of drugs seems to be the dawn of a new era in childhood obesity and T2D treatment.
Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Breastfeeding Periods in a Cohort of Spanish Primiparous Pregnant Women
Authors: Bouzas Cristina , López-García Eva Pilar , Sánchez-Martínez Mercedes , Tur Josep A. , Pastor Rosario
Published: November 2024

Aims: To assess factors associated with the prevalence of breastfeeding in a cohort of Spanish primiparous pregnant women to whom a health education program was applied. Methods: Prospective, descriptive, and inferential cohort analysis with data obtained from the beginning of pregnancy to the child’s year. Prevalence of breastfeeding was classified into periods or categories: (1) “non-breastfeeding”; (2) “breastfeeding until 6 months”; (3) “breastfeeding up to 12 months”. The sample was 288 primiparous pregnant women divided into two groups of equal size using as a matching strategy whether they attended the health education sessions with or without an informal caregiver (mother, partner, sister): group A (primiparous women who attended the sessions without an informal caregiver; n = 144) and group B (primiparous women who attended the sessions with an informal caregiver; n = 144). Results: The best-associated variables with the prevalence of breastfeeding were age, vitamin B12 variation (postintervention—preintervention), and informal caregiver intervention. This association was statistically significant for breastfeeding up to 12 months of age compared to non-breastfeeding (age (p = 0.007); vitamin B12 variation (p = 0.010); caregiver intervention (p = 0.008)). The younger the breastfeeding woman, the greater the probability of breastfeeding up to 12 months (β: −0.246 (0.91); OR: 0.782 (0.654–0.935)). The greater the increase in vitamin B12 after the educational intervention program, the greater the probability of breastfeeding up to 12 months (β: 0.007 (0.003); OR: 1.007 (1.002–1.012)). The absence of an informal caregiver decreased the likelihood that breastfeeding would be maintained until the child’s 12 months (β: −0.734 (1.024); OR: 0.065 (0.009–0.483)). Conclusions: The prevalence of breastfeeding up to 12 months, in a cohort of Spanish primiparous women, increased the higher increase in vitamin B12 levels after applying an educational intervention program to promote breastfeeding. The prevalence of breastfeeding up to 12 months also increased with the presence of the informal caregiver and in young women.
Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Insights from Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Li Qinyi , Zhao Xiaohong , Yang Huan , Zhu Xiaolong , Sui Xinbing , Feng Jiao
Published: November 2024

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) play critical roles in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and drug resistance. Persistent activation of the ER stress system enhances the survival capacities of malignant tumor cells, including increased proliferation, invasion, and resistance to treatment. Dysregulation of ER function and the resultant stress is a common cellular response to cancer therapies and may lead to cancer cell death. Currently, growing evidence suggests that Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), either as a monotherapy or in combination with other treatments, offers significant advantages in preventing cancer, inhibiting tumor growth, reducing surgical complications, improving drug sensitivity, and mitigating drug-induced damage. Some of these natural products have even entered clinical trials as primary or complementary anticancer agents. In this review, we summarize the anticancer effects of TCM monomers/natural products on the gastrointestinal (GI) tumors and explore their mechanisms through ER stress modulation. We believe that ongoing laboratory research and the clinical development of TCM-based cancer therapies hold considerable potential for advancing future cancer treatments.
A Comprehensive Analysis of the 9-Cis Epoxy Carotenoid Dioxygenase Gene Family and Their Responses to Salt Stress in Hordeum vulgare L.
Authors: Omari Alzahrani Fatima
Published: November 2024

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is among the earliest crops to be cultivated and is also considered a crucial staple crop. Nevertheless, the negative effects of abiotic stress on both the quality and productivity of barley are significant. Nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases (NCEDs) are rate-limiting enzymes in plants that cleave carotenoids and produce abscisic acid (ABA). The poor utilization of barley NCEDs in stress-resistant genetic breeding is due to the lack of appropriate information about their potential function in abiotic stress. The current study revealed five NCED genes in the barley genome (HvNCED1—HvNCED5), which are distributed unevenly on barley chromosomes. The PF03055 domain is present in all HvNCEDs, and they encode 413~643 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that NCED genes were categorized into three distinct clades, confirming the homology of NCED genes between H. vulgare L., Arabidopsis thaliana L., and Oryza sativa L. Expression analysis revealed that HvNCED1 is significantly upregulated under high salt stress, indicating its potential role in enhancing salt tolerance. In contrast, HvNCED3 and HvNCED4 exhibited downregulation, suggesting a complex regulatory mechanism in response to varying salt stress levels. These findings will enhance our comprehension of the genetic composition and evolutionary development of the HvNCED gene family and provide a basis for future research on their role in response to salt-induced stress.
Improve Solubility and Develop Personalized Itraconazole Dosages via Forming Amorphous Solid Dispersions with Hydrophilic Polymers Utilizing HME and 3D Printing Technologies
Authors: Huang Lianghao , Guo Jingjing , Li Yusen , Yang Weiwei , Ni Wen , Jia Yaru , Yu Mingchao , Zhang Jiaxiang
Published: November 2024

Itraconazole (ITZ), a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal agent, exhibits remarkable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. However, the low solubility of ITZ significantly reduces its oral bioavailability. Furthermore, it has been reported that this medication can result in dose-related adverse effects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to enhance the solubility of ITZ through the utilization of various polymers and to manufacture personalized and programmable release ITZ tablets. Five different polymers were selected as water-soluble carriers. Thirty percent w/w ITZ was mixed with seventy percent w/w of the polymers, which were then extruded. A series of physical and chemical characterization studies were conducted, including DSC, PXRD, PLM, and in vitro drug release studies. The results demonstrated that ITZ was dispersed within the polymers, forming ASDs that markedly enhanced its solubility and dissolution rate. Consequently, soluplus® was employed as the polymer for the extrusion of ITZ-loaded filaments, which were subsequently designed and printed. The in vitro drug release studies indicated that the release of ITZ could be regulated by modifying the 3D structure design. Overall, this study found that the combination of HME and 3D printing technologies could represent an optimal approach for the development of personalized and precise drug delivery dosages.
Advances and Challenges in Polymer-Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: A Path Towards Personalized Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Farjaminejad Samira , Farjaminejad Rosana , Hasani Melika , Garcia-Godoy Franklin , Abdouss Majid , Marya Anand , Harsoputranto Ari , Jamilian Abdolreza
Published: November 2024

Polymers have become essential in advancing bone tissue engineering, providing adaptable bone healing and regeneration solutions. Their biocompatibility and biodegradability make them ideal candidates for creating scaffolds that mimic the body’s natural extracellular matrix (ECM). However, significant challenges remain, including degradation by-products, insufficient mechanical strength, and suboptimal cellular interactions. This article addresses these challenges by evaluating the performance of polymers like poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and polylactic acid (PLA) in scaffold development. It also explores recent innovations, such as intelligent polymers, bioprinting, and the integration of bioactive molecules to enhance scaffold efficacy. We propose that overcoming current limitations requires a combination of novel biomaterials, advanced fabrication techniques, and tailored regulatory strategies. The future potential of polymer-based scaffolds in personalised regenerative medicine is discussed, focusing on their clinical applicability.
Rheological and Mechanical Properties and Spinning Behavior of a Starch-Based Biodegradable Polymer
Authors: Morreale Marco , Baiamonte Marilena , La Mantia Francesco Paolo
Published: November 2024

Over the last few years, the interest in biodegradable polymers has been increasing for several reasons, mainly because of the concerns about environmental protection and the reduction of emissions, especially those related to non-renewable fossil-based resources. Therefore, special attention has increased for the development of environment-friendly polymers such as biodegradable/compostable polymers, especially when they come from renewable resources, since this would help in further reducing energy consumption during their life cycle, as well as the overall environmental impact. Thus, every biopolymer should be accurately investigated in terms of its processability and main technological properties in order to find the most suitable applications. In this work, a starch-derived MaterBi® sample was characterized from the rheological and mechanical point of view, with particular focus on its ability to be processed under non-isothermal elongational flow. The role of processing parameters, such as the temperature and humidity content, was investigated, and a significant influence was found from the processing temperature. Fiber spinning was also performed, finding a good spinnability of the extrudates; in this context, the influence of the draw ratio was investigated as well, with significant effects on the main mechanical properties of the fibers.
Dynamic Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Resin Composite Films
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Zhouyi , Liu Yan , Pei Penghao
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we prepared carbon nanotube (CNT) epoxy composite films and conducted tensile experiments at various temperatures (−40 °C, −10 °C, 20 °C, and 50 °C) and frequencies (1 Hz, 10 Hz, and 20 Hz) using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). This study reveals the effects of temperature and frequency on the mechanical properties of CNT films and CNT epoxy composite films. The results indicate that the energy storage modulus of the pure CNT film is approximately 13 times greater than that of the composite material at 20 °C. Additionally, the loss factor of the composite material is about 25 times that of pure epoxy resin and 7 times that of pure CNT film. These findings suggest that the presence of epoxy resin reduces the elastic deformation capacity of the CNT film while enhancing its damping properties. The mechanical properties of CNT films and CNT epoxy composites at varying temperatures and frequencies investigated in this work offer valuable insights for future applications and studies of CNT films and CNT epoxy composites in diverse environments.
Quaternized and Hyperbranched Amidoxime-Modified Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Fiber for Uranium Extraction from Seawater
Authors: Hu Lijun , Han Hongwei , Mao Xuanzhi , Feng Xinxin , He Yulong , Hu Jiangtao , Wu Guozhong
Published: November 2024

The most promising material for uranium extraction from saltwater is generally acknowledged to be fibrous adsorbents. An irradiation-modified anti-biofouling ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE-g-PGAO) fibrous adsorbent with a hyperbranched structure was synthesized. It exhibited adsorption capacities of 314.8 mg-U/g-Ads in aqueous solution and 4.04 mg-U/g-Ads in simulated seawater over a 28-day period. The ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber was functionalized by covalently linking hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (h-PEI) to facilitate the migration of uranyl ions within the fibers. Additionally, amidoxime and quaternary ammonium groups were immobilized on the fiber surface to enhance uranium affinity and provide defense against marine organisms. This three-dimensional design of amidoxime and h-PEI-modified UHMWPE fiber retained more than 91.0% of its maximum adsorption capacity after undergoing five adsorption-desorption cycles. The UHMWPE-g-PGAO adsorbent exhibits significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, achieving an inactivation efficiency of over 99.9%. It is proved to be an innovative fiber adsorbent for uranium extraction from seawater for its biofouling resistance, robustness, and reusability.
Religious Education (RE) as a Context: The Subcultures That Shape Teacher’s Work When Teaching This Subject in Australian Catholic Secondary Schools
Authors: Hyde Brendan , Anning Anthony Sylvester
Published: November 2024

Religious Education (RE) can be conceived of as a specific context within which secondary RE teachers from diverse backgrounds teach. This context gives rise to distinctive subject subcultures, characterised by a unique set of beliefs, norms, and practices that are shared by teachers who teach RE. Using micronarratives as a way to initiate further discussion and to distil some key points which can be elaborated upon, we illustrate some salient aspects of RE’s subcultures. These include a subculture of ambiguity, boundary crossings and objects, and a confusion of purpose and terms. Knowledge of these may better assist schools—and Catholic Schools’ Departments—to orient and support these teachers in their classroom practice.
Community Relations in the Ottoman Balkans of the Suleymanic Age: The Case of Avlonya (1520–1568)
Authors: Kerim Mehmet , Aktaş Furkan Mert , Kurt Menderes
Published: November 2024

This study examines the relations between an exiled Jewish diaspora and the surrounding Muslim communities in the significant Ottoman Balkan city of Avlonya between 1520 and 1568. Having been expelled from Spain (1492) and Portugal (1496), numerous Sephardic Jews settled in Avlonya in the early sixteenth century, integrating into Ottoman social structures and making notable contributions to both the economic and demographic landscape of the city. This study examines the extent of the Jewish community’s assimilation into Avlonya and Ottoman society in the immediate aftermath of its arrival, assessing its pathways to integration, their limitations, and the dynamics of coexistence and mutual trust. It posits that in a relatively short period, the integration of Avlonya’s Sephardic Jews into both the city and society proved to be a positive success from the perspective of the state and the community itself. Evidence in support of this assertion is found in an examination of the tahrir defters and sharia court records (the primary sources of data for this research). The depth of the findings and the variety of research questions posed mean that this study has employed a mixed-methods approach, allowing for both quantitative and qualitative evaluations.
Modeling, Assessment, and Prediction of Carbon Storage in Hebei–Tianjin Coastal Wetlands
Authors: Zhao Liang , Gao Hui , Liu Jintong , Wang Feng , Fu Tonggang
Published: November 2024

The role of carbon storage in coastal wetlands is crucial to the global carbon cycle and human production activities. An accurate quantitative assessment and understanding of its spatial distribution are essential for informed decision-making on sustainable development goals. This study focuses on the wetlands in the coastal zones of Hebei and Tianjin. It develops a comprehensive assessment model that spans a long time series, covering the past, present, and future, aiming to provide insights into the intrinsic linkages between coastal wetland types and carbon storage, as well as projected future trends under three different scenarios. The results of the study demonstrate the following: (1) between 1990 and 2020, the area of coastal wetlands in Hebei and Tianjin decreased by 365.63 km2, resulting in a loss of 5.15 Tg of carbon storage, which represents approximately 20.82% of the total carbon storage; (2) temperature, precipitation, and the intensity of human activities are key factors influencing carbon storage in coastal wetlands; (3) carbon storage in the coastal wetlands of Hebei and Tianjin is primarily composed of natural wetlands, which account for 59.62% to 60.69% of the total carbon storage, and this ratio is not expected to change significantly in the future; (4) under WRS, carbon storage in the Hebei–Tianjin coastal wetlands is projected to increase, reaching 19.76 Tg by 2050—an increase of 0.21 Tg compared to 2020. This growth trend in carbon storage is significantly better than under the natural and EPS scenarios and aligns more closely with dual-carbon goals. This study not only provides managers with valuable insights into land use and urban development planning but also highlights the positive role of WRS in contributing to the growth of carbon storage in coastal wetlands.
Tourism and Career Development in the Face of Seawater Threats: Understanding the Perspectives of Tourism and Hospitality Students from Coastal Areas
Authors: Grobelna Aleksandra , Bogalecka Magdalena
Published: November 2024

The subject of this paper stems from the potential threat to the development of tourism functions in coastal destinations, which carries significant consequences for the tourism labor market in these areas. This study examines the state and variability of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) and their potential impact on tourism, focusing on the Gdańsk agglomeration as a tourist hub in Northern Poland. Specifically, the research endeavors to explore the attitudes and career inclinations of prospective professionals in the tourism and hospitality (T&H) sector—students enrolled in higher educational institutions within the studied locale—toward the issue of cyanoHABs and its impact on their post-graduation employment aspirations within the T&H industry. The research employs both desk research methods and a structured questionnaire. The key findings reveal that despite the significant presence of cyanoHABs, particularly in July–August, there is also a peak in tourist flows. Thus, it is not definitively established that tourists select destinations based on the quality of water and beaches. Moreover, T&H students exhibit a comprehensive understanding of the cyanoHAB phenomenon and its detrimental effects on the perceived allure of tourist destinations and the employment market. Specifically, students predominantly acknowledged that cyanoHABs could diminish the tourist attractiveness of coastal regions, decrease tourist traffic, and foster negative opinions of the affected destination. Moreover, the findings confirm that, in students’ perceptions, cyanoHABs in seaside regions could detrimentally affect tourism-related businesses. Thus, it is not surprising that T&H students would not consider their future career in tourism within regions of high cyanoHAB risk. This study represents one of the pioneering efforts to examine the connections between cyanoHABs and students’ perceptions of their impact on tourism and career advancement in the T&H industry, which is directly linked with the environmental quality. The novelty of this research lies in its emphasis on students’ perspectives, offering insight into the future qualified workforce in the T&H sector. This approach may shed new light on a better understanding of how cyanoHABs may affect tourism and its labor market, influencing young people’s attitudes toward their future careers in T&H.