bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variation of the Anticlines Vergency in the Iraqi Zagros Folds Belt and Its Tectonic Indications
Authors: Ayyed Hussein Ward  , Thair Mudhir Fahmi  , Hasnaa Saleh Khalaf
Published: April 2023

Folds of northern Iraq are considered integral part for the Western Zagros Fold – Thrust Belt. The growth of these folds was due to inversion displacement on inherited listric faults. This research deal with the relationship between the folds vergency and the faults that propagated folds, where that the dip of the back limb (gentle limb) for the fold is parallel to the thrust fault surface that propagated the fold, and the vergency of the fold determined by the forelimb (steep limb) situation. As a results, the folds of the high folded zone and of the western part of the low folded zone showed suture ( N and NE) vergency and foreland (S and SW) vergency, while the eastern part of the low fold zone showed foreland (S and SW) vergency only. The appearance of the suture and foreland vergency within the high folds considered as indication to the high tectonic development conformable with the location of these folds in the Iraqi Zagros Fold Belt, while the appearance of the suture and foreland vergency in the western part of the low folded zone attributed to the more tectonic development of this part in comparison with the eastern part of the zone that there folds appeared foreland vergencies only, or to the influence of the evaporite beds for Fatha formation in this part.
Simulation of CZTSSe single solar cells by AFORS-HET software
Authors: Buthina M. Jandary  , Ayed N. Saleh
Published: April 2023

In this paper, this sthdy simulated photovoltaic characteristics of single heterojunction solar cell with Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 absorber layer numerically using the AFORS-HET program .n-CdS/ZnO double buffer layer is used for hetrostructure interfaces with the absorber layer. The cell performance is investigated against variation of different absorption layer properties such as thickness, carrier concentration. The mixed zinc and cadmium sulphide (Cd1-X Zn X S) is hired as buffer layers and reseach of the effect  its thickness. CdS was selected a buffer because it improves the interface with absorbent CZTSSe and has a lofty  sending  in the blue wavelength. at thickness =1 μm and acceptor concentration (Na=7.9×1015 cm-3) ,a maximum efficiency  (η=11.9%)  is provided  with an open-circuit voltage (Voc=688mv), short-circuit current (Jsc=24.6 mA.cm-2) and fill factor (FF =70.8 of the CZTS solar cell, and Voc=(597 mv), Jsc= (41.7mA.cm-2), FF = (81.2 %) and η= (20.2%) of the CZTSe solar cell.
Determination of radionuclide concentrations in cigarette tobacco by using Thallium-doped NaI (TI) scintillate technique
Authors: Dalia Khawwam Kamil  , Asma Ahmad Aziz
Published: April 2023

This study includes the determination of natural and industrial radionuclides concentrations in different samples of cigarette tobacco. The radionuclides are U238, Th332 series and K40, as well as industrial radionuclides of Cs137.Radiation risk coefficients were calculated. The results showed that the specific activity rates of Ra226, Bi207, Ac228, K40, and Cs137 were within the global limit. The radiological hazard radium equivalent Raeq , intake dose (Dɣ), annual effective dose for external and internal exposure (AEDEout and AEDEin), health risk external and internal hazard indices data (Hex and Hin) and gamma risk radiation were all lower than the allowable global limits.
Image segmentation with a multilevel threshold using backtracking search optimization algorithm
Authors: Hather Ibraheem Abed
Published: April 2023

Image segmentation is an important process in image processing. Though, there are many applications are affected by the segmentation methods and algorithms, unfortunately, not one technique, but the threshold is the popular one. Threshold technique can be categorized into two ways either simple threshold which has one threshold or multi- thresholds separated which has more than two thresholds . In this paper, image segmentation is used simple threshold method which is a simple and effective technique. Therefore, to calculate the value of threshold solution which is led to increase exponentially threshold that gives multi-thresholds image segmentation present a huge challenge. This paper is considered the multi-thresholds segmentation model for the optimization problem in order to overcome the problem of excessive calculation. The objective of this paper proposed an slgorithmto solve the optimization problem and realize multi-thresholds image segmentation. The proposed multi-thresholds segmentation algorithm should be segmented  the raw  image into pieces, and compared with other algorithms results. The experimental results that show multi-thresholds image segmentation based on backtracking search optimization algorithm are feasible and have a good segmentation.
Geometry of concircular curvature tensor of Kahler manifolds
Authors: Rawah A. Zaben  , Rana H. Jasim
Published: April 2023

The study deals with the necessary condition where a nearly Kahler manifold of flat concircular tensor has been found. And the relationship between these invariants and additional properties of symmetry concircular tensor, as well as geometrical meaning of the reference in zero of these invariants .
Electromagnetic Treatment of Tigris Water samples in Salah-Elden Governorate
Authors: Samaher J. Mohammed  , Marwah Q. Majeed  , Hadeel R. Khatab  , Hind S. Mahroz  , Marwa J. Mohammed
Published: April 2023

The technological performance and social acceptance of water treatment in electromagnetic waves were investigate in this paper that studied in samarra university laboratories to detection the effect of electromagnetic field on water properties, it is worth to mentioning that magnetic field treatment does not leave any traces of waves in the treated water.
Electromagnetic treatment applicate on water samples using the electromagnetic field with 1.5 tesla intensity and for two continuous hours by a tube with ¾ inch. diameter and 1m length. The chemical and physical properties were studied before and after treatment. It was observed that there was a slight increase in some properties and a decrease in other properties. The reason was either to increase the dissolved oxygen and to dissolve the suspended particles and total hardness. As well as, significant decrease in total count of bacteria
Using Serum Interleukin-18 (IL-18) as a Biomarker of Chronic Kidney Failure and its relationship with Prolactin Level
Authors: Wasan Abdul Malik Izz al-Din  , , Nadia Ibrahim Salih
Published: April 2023

Kidney failure usually occurs as a result of lacking the normal functions of kidney as either partly or completely. In the last years, it was announced that the Interleukin-18 has received significant interest as inflame marker. IL-18 also strongly associated with renal function, and was a powerful predictive marker of renal function turbulence.
Aims: The main aim of this research is to study the relation of prolactin levels with chronic kidney failure, and to assess the relationship between serum Interleukin-18 and chronic kidney failure. Methods: The study was carried out in Tikrit Teaching Hospital from 1st of March Until the 15th of July 2019, and included 150 blood samples from patients suffering from chronic kidney failure, and 50 samples from healthy individuals as control group. Results: The study revealed the highest rate of prolactin level 58% was found in female and 23% was found in male. While in control group, the lowest level of prolactin 7% was found in male and 11% was found in female. The present study showed the highly significant relation (P<0.01) between IL-18 level and CKF. IL-18 was increased in patients with renal failure comparing with the control group (66.5±49.6 vs. 49.5±27).
Slope Stability Assessment along Qalachwalan-Suraqalat Main Road, Sulaimani, NE-Iraq
Authors: Ghafor A. Hamasur  , Nzho M. Qadir
Published: April 2023

Rock failures are extremely frequent along the cut slopes of the road in the mountainous terrains of the Iraqi Kurdistan region. Qalachwalan – Suraqalat road which is to the north of Sulaimani city is one of the major transportation ways between Sulaimani city and many towns and villages of Sharbazher district. Sometimes, this road (especially in winter and spring seasons) shows many rock failures that causing hazards for locals and traffics. Therefore, the stability assessment of road-cut slopes along such road is very necessary.
For the present study ten (10) slope stations have been chosen from the road stretch of 10 Kilometers from Qalachwalan to Suraqalat, and this for stability assessment of the rock slopes with different techniques. The slope stations were chosen on the basis of difference in discontinuities pattern, variation in slope morphology and difference in the type of failure and the data were analyzed for their potential degree of stability by kinematic analysis, using DIPS v6.008 software and slope mass rating system [discrete-SMR and continuous-SMR (CSMR)], using SMR Tool - v205 software.
Kinematic analysis revealed that planar sliding may occur in slopes of station 5, 7 & 9, wedge sliding in slopes of station 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 & 10, flexural toppling in slopes of station 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 & 10 and direct toppling in slopes of station 1, 2, 4, 5 & 7.
In the worst condition, the discrete-SMR and CSMR values for slopes in all stations range from 22-46 and 18-46 respectively, so It is observed that the values at slope station 1, 2 & 6 lie in partially-stable zone, with failure probability of 0.4, the values at slope station 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 & 10 lie in unstable zone, with failure probability of 0.6 and the value at slope station 3 lies in completely-unstable zone, with failure probability of 0.9.
Investigating Impact of Industrial and Agricultural Activities on Surface Soil Contamination Using Pollution Indices, North Baiji City, Salah Alden Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Mahmood Fadhil Abed
Published: April 2023

A total of 18 surface soil samples were collected from surrounding of industrial district at north Baiji town, and the concentration of seven trace elements (i.e.  Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, As, Cd and Cr) were analyzed. The geo-accumulation index, pollution index, Nemerow pollution index, ecological risk factor and potential ecological risk index were utilized to assess soil contamination by trace elements. The mean values of geo-accumulation index showed that the study area soils are ranged from moderate to heavy contamination by Ni and slight contamination by As, Cd and Cr and uncontaminated by Zn, Pb and Cu. According to categories of pollution index, the surface soil of study area considers strongly polluted by Ni, moderately polluted by Cr and non-polluted by Cu, Zn, As, Pb and Cd. The Nemerow pollution index values of study area showed 11% of sites are slightly polluted, 17% of sites are moderately polluted and 72% of sites are seriously polluted.  According to Eco- risk factor for an individual metal, the values showed moderate to considerable ecological risk by Cd, low to moderate ecological risk by Ni and low ecological risk for Cu, Zn, As, Pb and Cr. For Eco-risk index for metals, the results also showed that 27.8% of sites are low potential ecological risk and 72.2% of sites are moderate potential ecological risk
Evaluation the suitability of Fat’ha gypsum rocks for use as thermal insulators in Sharqat District/Northern Iraq
Authors: Loai Moussa Rawee  , Muhand Essa Kheder  , Hasnaa Khalaf Salah
Published: April 2023

This research aims to study the suitability of gypsum rocks in Sharqat district as thermal insulators. The Result showed that the gypsum rocks have negligible porosity (3.80-5.17) %. And the absorption ratio between (1.6-2.4) %. The density was (2.15-2.34 gm/cm3). While the specific gravity values were as (2.15- 2.34). The moisture content ranged between (0.40 - 0.94) %. The thermal test results showed that the average thermal conductivity value of gypsum rock was (0.65) W/mc̊. The laboratory tests indicate a suitability of gypsum rocks of the in Sharqat area as thermal insulators.
Study of the Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Structural Properties for (Ni1-xZnxFe2O4) Compounds
Authors: Najat A. Dahham  , Abdulsamee F. A. Albayati  , Inteesar A. Hamed
Published: April 2023

Nikel-Znic ferrites with chemical formula Ni1-xZnxFe2O4 for (x:0.00 , 0.5 and 1) were synthesis by chemical co-precipitation method at various annealing temperatures (27°C,300°C,600°C,900°C, 1200°C) for (4h). The samples were examined via X-ray diffraction patterns. The XRD pattern confirm the formation of face centered cubic structure (fcc) for all samples. The particle size, lattice parameter, theoretical density and  porosity were also measured by X-ray diffraction, and bulk density. It is noted that granular particle size increases with increasing annealing temperature, while decreasing lattice constant, theoretical density and porosity with increasing annealing temperature. The homogeneity, regularity, particle size and the roughness of sample surfaces were calculated using atomic power microscope technique.
The realisation of an electro-Optical Diffraction Grating using HeNe laser
Authors: Abdulsattar A. Aesa  , C.D. Walton
Published: April 2023

This paper reports far-field of the electro-optical diffraction grating to the advantage of electro-optic response of 5CB liquid crystal. The diffraction grating was produced by intersacting of two laser beam of laser HeNe 632.8nm wavelength radiation transmitted through a 5CB liquid crystal dopped Sudan Black B (SBB) dye in a cell with a thickness of 5µm and applying a uniform electric filed across the cell.  Different concentrations of SBB dye were prepared and optically characterised. Double side tape in a thickness of 5 µm was used to determine the cell thickness. Zero and two diffraction orders were observed. 16 µm grating period involve in a produced electro-optical diffraction grating. The effect of changing voltage was investigated. The possibility of realising the electro-optical diffraction grating made of 5CB liquid crystal doped biocompatible material chitosan doped SBB dye to enhance the absorption properties were also investigated and characterised using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV-vis spectrophotometer and optical microscope. A fabricated Electro-Optic diffraction grating was experimentally characterized. Applications of liquid crystal and the electro-optic effect were discussed briefly.
Effect of Mg Molar Concentration on Structural and Optical Properties of CdO Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition Method
Authors: Faris Salih Atallah  , Hani Hadi Ahmed  , Waleed Khalid Jasim
Published: April 2023

In this study, pure and Mg doped CdO thin films were coated on glass substrate using a chemical bath deposition method. Adding different molar concentrations of magnesium (0, 2, 4, 6) % to the chemical bath solution and their effect on the structural and optical properties were studied. Oxidation of films was conducted at 573 K for 60 minutes in the presence of static air. The thin film properties were diagnosed with X-ray diffraction techniques and UV-VIS-spectrophotometer. The results of X-ray diffraction for the thin films showed that all prepared thin films have a faced-centered cubic crystal structure (FCC) with a preference for growth at level (111), and the synthetic coefficients calculated from the X-ray spectrum are affected with increasing Mg ratios in the chemical bath solution. The results of the optical tests showed that the absorption of the resulting thin films increases with increasing Mg ratios in the chemical bath solution, have a high absorption coefficient in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum, and the transmittance decreases with the increase of Mg in the chemical bath solution. The optical energy gap of the prepared thin films changes with increasing Mg doping rates and extends from (2.46) eV to (2.95) eV. The results showed a significant improvement in the structural and optical properties of Mg ion doped CdO films making it suitable for use in many photovoltaic applications such as reagents and solar cells.
A modified three-term conjugate gradient method for large –scale optimization
Authors: Zaydan B. Mohammed  , Nazar K. Hussein  , Zeyad M.  Abdullah
Published: April 2023

We propose a three-term conjugate gradient method in this paper . The basic idea is to exploit the good properties of the BFGS update. Quasi – Newton method lies a good efficient numerical computational, so we suggested to be based on BFGS method. However, the descent condition and the global convergent is proven under Wolfe condition. The new algorithm is very effective e for solving the large – scale unconstrained optimization problem.
Application Methods of Linear Feedback Control on the Modified Lorenz 3D Chaotic System
Authors: Mahasin Thabit Younis  , Zeena N. Al-kateeb
Published: April 2023

In this paper we using a linear feedback control methods on the Lorenz modified 3D system. we used the dynamical analysis system to find critical points, eigenvalues, and for stability, the Jacobi matrix, to investigate some dynamical behaviors of the system to find stability regions of the system in all methods used to suppress the originally unstable behavior of this system. The necessary and sufficient condition for suppression of unstable behavior for this system is getting positive feedback coefficient. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation proved that the results obtained.
The Role of House Fly Musca domestica in transmitting the Intestinal Parasites for Human
Authors: Shujan R. Hassan  , Rajaa M. Ismeel
Published: April 2023

The present study is made up during October 2014 till March 2015 to know the parasitic stages which are carried out by different part  Musca domestica. The samples are collected from five different places which are included the restaurants, schools , kitchens, grid sewage and wild land. The number of the samples which are examined is reached 100 samples, all of them were examined by direct smear using the physiological solution and lugal iodine solution by flotation way and by using saturated zinc sulfide solution and diagnosed four species of intestinal parasites which are Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytic, Giardia lamblia ,Trichomonas hominess .
Dioraleze Drug-induced Kidney Injury In Rats
Authors: Asraa Abed Thiyab
Published: April 2023

The present study was designed to find out the effects of Dioraleze administered orally on the kidney.
In this study the experiment was designed using twenty Rats from both sexes and randomly distributed into three main groups as following:
Group 1 (Control): Distilled Water was administered orally on a daily basis for three weeks.
Group 2 (Treatment): 1mg/kg body weight Dioraleze was administered orally on a daily basis for three weeks.
Group 3 (Overdose): orally given 2.5mg/kg body weight Dioraleze daily for three weeks.
At the end of the experimental period Rats were taken out and dissected for histological examination and processing. Kidney tissue was examined for any abnormalities.
Drug-induced kidney disease is usually a result of a drug or metabolites that could affect the cell and tissue biochemistry directly or result in an immune response which was found in this study as the occurrence of several vascular sacs directly attached to the liver in all rats present in group 2 and 3. The sac ranged in size from 0.5 cm-1 cm compared to group 1 which showed the lack of any sacs.
Kidney in both therapeutic and Overdose group illustrated many abnormalities after treatment period when compared to Control. Some of these alterations in tissue and organ such as renal cortex degeneration, atrophy of proximal convoluted tubule that led to necrosis, blood congestion and hypertrophy was also present in the Glomerulus of treated Rats.
Renal medulla, however illustrated atrophy of the proximal convoluted tubules, degeneration of renal tubule epithelial cells and ultimately their shrinkage leading to a small lumen in addition to the pyknosis of nuclei.
Kidney examination revealed Dioraleze’s significant impact on the renal cortex and medulla in addition to its effect of other parts of kidney tissue. Thus, it was concluded that Dioraleze caused kidney abnormalities that may lead to kidney dysfunction in the body and may also have great impact on other visceral organs if not taken as per dose.
Level of some essential minerals in patient serum infected with Leishmania tropica/ major in Al-Sharqat district, Salah Al-Din Government/ Iraq
Authors: Akram Abd Farhan  , Fatima Shihab Al-Nasiri
Published: April 2023

The study was conducted to determine level of some essential minerals (zinc Zn and iron Fe) in patients infected with Leishmania tropica/ major. study was conducted in Sharqat district, during September 2018 till April 2019, included 61 patients with leishmaniasis diagnosed clinically by dermatologist and confirmed by microscopic examination of lesion material. The samples were divided into eight age groups (2 ≤, 3-6, 7-12, 13-22, 23-32, 33-42, 43-52 and 53 ≥ years).  Also, 101 healthy people are as a control group. The level of Zn and Fe in serum are measured by using automated spectrophotometer. The study determined a significant decrease P < 0.01 in Zn and Fe level in both genders for all age groups when compared with control groups.
Absorption and Desorption Remediation of Environmental Pollution to Remove Heavy Metal Ions From Waste Water Using Batch	experimental System
Authors: Ban Abdulelah Mohammed
Published: April 2023

Graphite is the substance of  allotropes of carbon forms with diamond, and amorphous carbon, Graphite considered one of methods that we can use it for adsorption of heavy metals ion from water, by a new sorbent material having functionalized for solid phase extraction (SPE) metals (Zinc and Cobalt) from aqueous solutions. Firstly we used Graphite substance by chemical process to convert it to Graphene and graphene oxide has been used in oxidation by hummer method process by using H2SO4 and KMnO4 that considered a good oxidizing materials. Graphene oxide is a Composite material fabricated from Graphite. Micrometer thick films of graphene oxide paper are also named as graphite oxide  membranes, secondly we silanized it with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylamine to get (GO-Si) product, thirdly react this product with functional gropus (Aldehyde) (3,5,Di-tert-butyle-2-hydroxy-benzenaldehyde) to get (Go-Si-Ald) that form graphene Schiff base material, that we used it to several process under different laboratories factors such as (pH, different concentrations of metals / Zinc and Cobalt, different stirring time, with different temperatures), The adsorption of metals (Zn and Co) were investigated successfully, this is one of development method for treatment of waste and drinking water for reuse. This method is benefit to solve environmental problem which is harmful to health. All these work made by several instrumental analysis such as ICP, FTIR analysis, EDX, Uv-visible, TGA, TEM, SEM, XRD Analysis.
Design of multiband microstrip patch antenna with bandwidth enhancement for wireless communication system
Authors: Ahmed Abdulkareem Ahmed  , Fares Saleh Alatallah  , Y. E. Mohammed Ali2
Published: April 2023

This research work presents analysis of multiband rectangular microstrip  patch antenna for globalsystem for mobile communications at 0.9455GHz and 1.7595GHz and wireless local area Network at 2.4635 GHZ and 5.15 GHz and WiMAX at 3.5745GHz and international  mobile telecommunications (IMT) at 4.46 GHz . An antenna is  designed using FR4-(epoxy) substrate material with thickness1.6 mm and dielectric constant of 4.3. The microstrip antenna has a patch dimension of 83.33mm×45mm. The antenna has minimum return loss of - 32.563 dB at 0.9455GHz, -27.226 dB at 1.7595 GHz, -29.136 dB at 2.4635GHz, -31.621 dB at 3.5745GHz, -36.531dB at 4.46 GHz, -25.613 at 5.15 GHz. In this antenna designed the maximum gain of  2.20 dB at 0.9455GHz, 3.17 dB at 1.7595 GHz, 5.68 dB at 2.4635GHz , 7.04 dB at 3.5745 GHz, 6.08 dB at 4.46GHz, 5.26 dB at 5.15 GHz. The simulation of the design antenna is done using the software computer simulation technology CST
Fabrication of small size wind turbine and studying its characterization
Authors: Yaseen. H. Mahmood  , Faris S. Atallah  , Othman. K. Zedan
Published: April 2023

Wind energy is one of the renewable energies. the horizontal axis wind turbine  (HAWT) fabricated in Iraq Tikrit, the system operating at low speeds. The characteristics of the two and three blade turbine are comparing. the results for best performance, We found that when used three-blade increasing the output power of the system, so when using two blades, the power (314.1 W) and the number of cycles (62.1) at wind speed (6.6 m/s), and also when using three blades, the power  (354.40 W) and the number of cycles (67.9) at the same Wind speed.
Mass Attenuation Coefficient Measurements of Photoelectric Absorption of Gamma-Rays in Copper Using Coincidence Technique
Authors: Mahmoud A. Elawi
Published: April 2023

The photoelectric absorption mass attenuation coefficients (m.a.c.) of  ɤ- rays in Cu are measured using a two 3"x3" NaI(Tl) detector coincidence spectrometer at 511, 1173 and 1332keV energy gates using Na-22 and Co-60 point sources. The m.a.c. (in cm²/g) measured by coincidence method were lower than those obtained from direct measurement. Coincidence measurements revealed the coefficients 0.0429, 0.0212 and 0.0205 and direct measurements the coefficients 0.0561, 0.0239 and 0.0220 for the studied energies respectively. The μm (co) /μm (dir) ratios were 0.763, 0.8900 and 0.9345at the three energies mentioned respectively. The coincidence coefficients also behave as those of direct spectra as with change in energy.
Study of the Topography and Optical Properties of The Silver Nitrate Nanoparticle Compound
Authors: Maha Mohammed Ibrahim  , Awatif Saber Jasim  , Hadeel Abdul Hadi Omair
Published: April 2023

The paper aims to study the structural and optical properties of the pressed silver nitrate nanoparticle compound, and know its advantages after pressing.
When studying topography of surface the nanoparticle silver nitrate compound through AFM, and studying the optical properties of its solution through the UV for UV device has this working Mechanism, the highest absorbance we obtained was only at the wavelength of 301nm is, that is, within the visible spectrum (300-700) nm.
By studying the topography of silver nitrate we note surface smoothing and optical properties of the silver nitrate nanoparticle solution, we conclude that the wavelength of the substance is little, i.e. its energy is high (the absorption energy), Therefore, it is used in the field of medical treatments, and deep wounds sterilization.
To increase the efficiency of the silver nitrate compound, it can be converted into a Nano compound by grinding, and pressing.
job shop scheduling problem:literature review
Authors: Marrwa Abd-AlKareem Alabajee  , Anfal A. Fadhil  , Rasha Gh. Alsarraj
Published: April 2023

As an extension of the Job Shop Scheduling (JSP), Flexible job-shop Scheduling Problem (FJSP), can be defined as one of the most significant problems in up-to-date manufacturing systems, recently a lot of studies have been conducted to address FJSP. Initially, the problem can be defined, after that, literature can be categorized based on different methods that have used from the year 2010 for the resolution of this problem. Lastly, certain conclusions have been provided based on the results of the conducted survey.
Using integrated library management systems for the improvement of information services based on cloud computing
Authors: Salam Jasim Abdallah  , Ghazwan Khalid Ouda
Published: April 2023

With the rapid increase in global intellectual production, academic libraries have been challenged to make this product available to beneficiaries at the perfect time and place. On the other hand, the rapid development in the field of information technology, especially cloud computing and open source software applications, offers many capabilities that can be harnessed in the work of academic libraries to meet the needs of beneficiaries. This paper aims to developing information services in the academic libraries in University of Diyala (UOD) through using cloud computing applications and open source software (Koha) to facilitate the search and retrieval of information by librarians and beneficiaries. A unified research platform has been created for all academic libraries at UOD using Koha integrated system and building a database of bibliographic records, which have been installed on the Google cloud platform. The unified search platform helps librarians and users retrieve information and search resources more efficiently from anywhere, at anytime by calling sources of information with multiple retrieval points (author, source, ISBN, abstract, keywords) as well as the ability to search for sources of information in all UOD libraries simultaneously, which contributes to reducing the time of the beneficiary in obtaining sources of information.
Temperature and Multiplicative Temperature Indices of Nanotubes TUC4C8[p,q]
Authors: Arif  E. Nabeel  , Najm K. Hussein
Published: April 2023

Topological indices are  a numerical parameter of  a graph ,sometimes also called as a
graph –theoretic index, is a number invariant of a chemical graph .Particular topological indices include the types of temperature and multiplicative temperature indices such as the first and second hyper temperature , multiplicative first and second hyper temperature and etc.
In  this paper we compute the many of types for temperature indices of TUC4C8[p,q] nanotubes .
Some Topological Concepts Via Graph Theory
Authors: Taha H. Jasim  , Aiad I. Awad
Published: April 2023

Due it is difficult to find applications in topological spaces, which are branches of pure mathematics, the importance of this paper is to find applications in graph theory. Via some concepts of topological space we generalizes to a graph like (graph interior, graph closure graph exterior, graph boundary, graph limit point). The relations among them were studied. At least many theorems were proofed as a characterization and some examples introduced to explain the subject
Dividing Graceful Labeling of Certain Tree Graphs
Authors: Abdullah Zahraa O  , Arif Nabeel E  , F. A. Fawzi
Published: April 2023

A tree is a connected acyclic graph on n vertices and m edges. graceful  labeling of a tree  defined as a simple undirected graph G(V,E) with order n and size m,  if there exist an injective mapping  that induces a bijective mapping  defined by   for each      and . In this paper we introduce a new type of graceful labeling denoted dividing graceful then discuss this type of certain tree graphs .
ON (sub- super) asymptotic martingales
Authors: Hassan H- Ebrahem  , Juwan Abbas-Ali
Published: April 2023

In this paper we intoduce a new class of definitions (sub - super) asymptotic martingale through the concept of asymptotic martingale. we investigate and prove some properties of asymptotic martingale and (sub - super) asymptotic martingale .
Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in their first antenatal care visit in Erbil City: A cross sectional study
Authors: Bnar Sardar Yaseen Al-Sardari  , Suzan Kh. Younus  , Zainab Sardar Yaseen Al-Sardari
Published: April 2023

Background and objectives: Anemia is a common medical disorder during pregnancy with bad consequences on mother and fetus, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women and correlation of anemia with obstetrical and some demographic characters.
Methods: This study was cross sectional study was conducted in Najdi Haedar primary health care center.in Erbil city, Kurdistan region, Iraq from first of July to thirty first of December 2016.The study included 297 pregnant women in their routine first visit to antenatal care unit, aged between (16-46) years. The data collected from pregnant ladies attending antenatal care during their first visit.
Results: Mean hemoglobin (Hb) level (10.9±1.8 mg/dl) ranging from (7.5-14.3 mg/dl)
At the first booking visit in the antenatal care unit, (56.9%) were anemic. The anemic group were sub divided into mild (29.6%), moderate (17.8%) with no severe cases. There was highly significant association between anemia and parity, second trimester visitor, postpartum hemorrhage in previous pregnancy (APHPP) and very highly significant association between pregnancy and severe anemia in previous pregnancy and interval less than 2 years between current and previous pregnancy.   
Conclusion: There is a high level of anemia in Najdi Haeder primary health care pregnant population, in Erbil city. The highest levels of anemia were in age group more than 40 years (63.2%), while the lowest was in less than 20 years group (41.7%). The highest level of anemia was in 2nd trimester visitors (51.3%), while the lowest was in 1st trimester group (20.0%). Regarding parity, grand multi parity were more anemic (71.4%) than others.
Effect of Cadmium chloride on the Liver, kidney and heart tissues and the protective role of pomegranate seed oil in male Albino rats.
Authors: Rashid Khamees Shaban  , Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim  , Qasim Azeez Razooqi
Published: April 2023

This experiment was designed to identify the protective role of pomegranate seed oil against the toxicity of Cadmium chloride on the tissues of the liver, kidneys and heart, as it distributed 24 male rats to four groups. The results of microscopic examination of the target organs tissues many of histological lesions after treating animals with Cadmium chloride represented by necrosis, fatty degeneration and fibrosis around the central vein in the liver tissue, swelling of the glomeruli, necrosis of kidney tissue, necrosis within the myocardial fibers and hemorrhage within heart tissue .
Mention the present result shown the results of the group treated with pomegranate seed oil with Cadmium chloride have been shown,  returned of most tissues to the semi-normal state, with some negative effects of Cadmium chloride remaining
The Fortification of Sunflower oil with Oryzanol and its effect on Chemical Characteristics
Authors: Ali W Nofan  , Ethar Z Naji
Published: April 2023

Sunflower oil was fortified with the anti-oxidant oryzanol .The supported samples were placed inside a socket at 120 ° C and   the results showed a decrease in iodine number (131, 130, 129, 127) and an increase in the acidity number (0.22, 0.24, 0.27, 0.30), and the peroxide number showed an increase (2.37, 2.42. , 2.46, 2.51), and the results also showed an increase in the percentage of free fatty acids (0.08, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10)% as well as an increase in saponification number (190, 192, 197, 200).
Determination of Salbutamol Using Spectrophotometric Method Depending on Chromium-1,5-diphenylcarbazide Complex
Authors: Enas S. Thanon  , Bassima A. A. Saleem  , Najih H. Shikho
Published: April 2023

A  rapid, simple, accurate, and economized spectrophotometric method for the determination of salbutamol sulfate(SAL)  has been suggest using an oxidation-reduction reaction.  This method depends on the oxidation of SAL medication with an excess amount of chromate (CrO42- ) as an oxidant agent in the acidic medium of 2N Sulphuric acid and the presence of Sodium oxalate as a catalyst of the oxidation process. Then the remaining quantity of chromate will be reacted with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide to form a pink-reddish and stable water-soluble complex which is exhibiting maximum absorption at 543 nanometers. The optimum conditions for the present work were studied experimentally. The linearity of the proposed method follows Beer’s law in the concentration range of 50 to 900 μg in a final volume of 25ml with a molar absorptivity which is equal to 0.538×104 l.mol-1.cm-1. The proposed method shows good recovery values,  accuracy, and precision. The present method was so good to be successfully applied for the determination of SAL medication in its pure form and pharmaceutical preparations.
Growth, structural and magnetic properties of Gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) thin films
Authors: Huda Saadi Ali  , N. K. Hassan
Published: April 2023

Gd2O3 nanoparticles thin films obtain  through the spin coating techniques deposited on substrate of p-Si(100) . The structural properties of the thin film were measured by X-ray diffraction technology (XRD) to know the crystal structure and the effect of the difference of different annealing temperatures on the crystal growth of these samples, and the scanning electron microscopy examinations (SEM) and the magnetic properties were studied using the Vibrating Sample Magnetometer(VSM) of Various annealing temperatures (500,600,700,800) ̊C. The results of the X-ray diffraction showed that all the prepared membranes have a multi-crystalline structure with different diffraction values ​​and directions and the Gd2O3 thin film were of the cubic type and it was noted that by increasing the annealing temperature we get the best crystalline development and the results of SEM showed that the shape of the deposited nanoparticles was spherical, and we note an increase in the saturation magnetization (MS) about (0.1421 - 0.1811) emu / g with increased of annealing temperature.
On Micro - b ̇ - open sets and Micro - b ̇ - continuity
Authors: Taha H. Jasim  , Marwah D. Sultan
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this research is generalize the concepts of micro  openset, so we study the relation this new concept open set micro-pre-open set, micro-semi-open set, micro  open set, and micro openset and micro open continuity and micro  irresolute continuity in micro topological space and study the relationship among them, many theorems were proved as characteristic of these type of continuity and some examples were introduced.
Study of Some Kinds of Ridge Regression Estimators in Linear Regression Model
Authors: Mustafa Nadhim Lattef  , Mustafa I ALheety
Published: April 2023

In linear regression model, the biased estimation is one of the most commonly used methods to reduce the effect of the multicollinearity. In this paper, a simulation study is performed to compare the relative efficiency of some kinds of biased estimators as well as for twelve proposed estimated ridge parameter (k) which are given in the literature. We propose some new adjustments to estimate the ridge parameter. Finally, we consider a real data set in economics to illustrate the results based on the estimated mean squared error (MSE) criterion.
According to the results, all the proposed estimators of (k) are superior to ordinary least squared estimator (OLS), and the superiority among them based on minimum MSE matrix will change according to the sample under consideration.
diagnosis of protozoa and nematodes in stomach and intestine of sheep in Salah Al- Din Governorate
Authors: Shaimaa Jamal Aziz  , Omaima Ibrahim Mahmoud
Published: April 2023

This study was designed to diagnose intestinal protozoans and Nematodes in sheep in Salah al-Din Governorate, As 500 sheep fecal samples were collected from different regions of Salah Al-Din Governorate for the period from November 2019 to April 2020, The result of the study showed that the total number of positive samples for infection with intestinal protozoa and Nematodes is 270 samples with an infection rate of (54%), and The results also showed that the total infection rate of intestinal protozoa was (24%), Nine species of Eimeria were diagnosed in sheep, and the highest infection rate for E. parva (14.4%) and the lowest rate for E. weybridgensis (2.2%), While Cryptosporidium Spp the infection rate was (1.8%).  As for overall infection of nematodes was (42%) The highest rate of infection  Marshallagia marshalli was (44.4%) and the lowest rate of infection with Strongyloides papillosus was (2.9%). The diagnosis of oocysts and eggs depended on the morphological features and measurments that existing in specialized  reference.
The infection with Toxocariasis in Kirkuk city, Iraq
Authors: Ghadееr Hashіm Al-Asady  , Fatіma Shіhab Al-Nasіrі
Published: April 2023

The present study carried out through the period from July till October 2019 to determine the seroprevalence of Toxocariasis in Kirkuk city population and report its relationship with some epidemiological factors. Questionnaire form is performed to record information about individuals under study. A blood samples of 200 cases are collected from individuals either playing football on a dirt field, people live in rural areas or in countrysides, in addition to students in schools and colleges; of both genders (male and female). Anti-Toxocara immunoglobulin G (IgG) is detected in serum of individuals included the study using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) technique. The total seroprevalence of Toxocariasis reported in the study is (8%). The infection is more prevalent in males (7%) than females (1%) with peak seroprevalence (28.1%) determined within the age group 5-12 years. In primary school the highest seroprevalence (11.66%) is determined. Toxocariasis is more prevalent in rural areas (10.22%) than in urban areas (6.25%).
The effects of vitamin D in polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Najwa Abdulla Mohammed  , Ammar Lateef  Hussein  , Atheer Rashed Atia
Published: April 2023

The common endocrine disorder in women is that Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) specially in reproductive age. The study included 60 women suffer from the PCOS attending the  obstetrics and gynecology unit in Kirkuk General Hospital, ages ranged from 18 to 42 years old. Also, the study included 30 non PCOS women as a control group. To assess the effect of Vitamin D in women suffering from  polycystic ovarian syndrome. Serum Vitamin D was evaluated using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The study reported that 58.3% of PCOS women enrolled in this study were within the age group 16- 25year. The study reported that the BMI of PCOS women was (mean 30.98 ± 4.02) Kg/cm2, whereas (22.77±2.52) Kg/cm2 of the control group (P: 0.0004). A significant difference recorded in the study in the Vitamin D levels in Polycystic overian syndrom women compared to the healthy group (mean 18.69±5.11 25.99±5.70).
Isolation and partial Purification and for amylase from diabetic patients and some kinetic properties
Authors: Wasan Abd alhassan Hamad  , Firas Taher Maher
Published: April 2023

Amylase is an enzyme which is  secreted from  pancreas, and salivary glands (α-Amylase EC3.2.1.1), there is a small amount of this enzyme  presents in the blood ranging between 100–300 I.U/L, when this percentage in the blood would increase,it means that the above organs are ill. The study included  apartial purification of this enzyme from the blood  of diabetic patients using  gel, filtration, dialysis, and sephadex G100 gel, the single beak was obtained in the fourth part of purification and the degree of purification reached 16.1 with an enzymatic outcome of 108.2% and specific activity was 0.189ng/mg. The kinetic study of the purified enzyme appeared an optimum concentration of the substrate of 10 ng / mg,the Km was 5.55 ng , maximum acivity Vmax, was 0.98ng / ml,the optimum temp.  was (37C°) and the opt. pH was 7.5.
The effect of band offsets of absorption layer on CNTS / ZnS / ZnO solar cell by SCAPS-1D
Authors: Hardan T. Ganem  , Ayed N. Saleh
Published: April 2023

The ZnO/ZnS/ CNTS solar cell was studied using SCAPS-1D simulation. The cell efficiency was 9.38% and to improve the cell a back reflection layer (BSL) was added, so the conversion efficiency increased to 10.65% and we entered buffer layers, thus the cell structure became ZnO / Buffer / CNTS the conversion efficiency increased to 10.78%. It turns out that the effect of the buffer layer is greater than the reflection layer. The best cell was ZnO/CdS/CNTS/Cu2O and the conversion efficiency was 12.09%, fill factor 62.98%, short circuit current 20.01 mA/cm2 finally open circuit voltage 0.95V.
Influence of the Zinc Tin Oxide Nanoparticle proportions on the Optical properties prepared by the laser Method
Authors: Aissa R. Safah  , Zuheer N. Majeed  , Kasim H. Mohmood
Published: April 2023

In this research, the pulse laser deposition method was used by the PLD Nd:YAG wavelength laser nm1064λ = to precipitate thin films of pure zinc oxide and tin-like oxide with different weight ratios (0.2 , 0.4)kg were deposited on glass bases in order to study the effect of annealing at a degree 573k and deformation of some physical properties of zinc nanoparticle oxide films. X-ray diffraction measurements of pure and tainted oxide films of different proportions (0.2, 0.4)kg in tin indicated that these films possess a multi-crystal line structure, of hexagonal type. The topographical properties of the prepared membrane surfaces were studied using the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and showed that the ZnO membrane has a smooth and uniform surface in composition.
The results of the optical properties also showed a sharp increase in the optical transmittance  spectrum until it reaches 90% after annealing, and the deformation reduces the optical transmittance.  It also found that the optical energy gap of the ZnO membrane (3.2)eV (before annealing and 3.3eV)) after annealing and the energy gap decreased with increasing mixing ratios.
Determine the Lower-State Energy of (GaMn)As/GaAs Quantum Well using Localization Landscape Method
Authors: Mubarak H. Oglah  , Sabri J. Mohammed  , Moustafa S. El-Daher
Published: April 2023

The current research presented the value of the lowest state energy for (GaMn)As/GaAs Quantum Well by using the Schrodinger equation and the localization landscape method, and a comparison between the quantum confinement potential and the wavefunction localization of both the landscape method and the Schrödinger method, a great match was found between the two methods, where the Landscape method 0.1% greater than Schrodinger method. From the Hamiltonian function analysis, it was found that the quantum eigenvalues in the discrete wells interact only when the corresponding eigenvalues are close to each other. Localization appears clearly in the sub-regions of quantum well, so, we prove damping in quantum wells, especially near the boundaries of the well. The effective quantum potential W was determined.
Simulation study of back surface and electron transport layers on Sb2Se3 solar Cell
Authors: Muaamar A. kamil  , Sabri J. Mohammed
Published: April 2023

In this paper a simulation study was conducted to improve the properties of the cell with a glass / ITO / CdS / Sb2Se3 / Au) using SCAPS-1D program and practically manufactured.To find out the credibility of the program, a simulation of the practical model was performed and we found that there is a very large match between the practical and theoretical results.Initially a back surface layer (BSL) was added to the base cell (CuO, CuI, CuSCN, PEDOT: PSS, MOSe2) and it was found that the best layer that gave good results is (CuO),where Conversion efficiency value (16.02%). Then buffer layers (CdS) was replaced by other Electron transport layer (ZnO, ZnO: Al, TiO2, V2O5, CdO). It was found that the best layer gave good results is (V2O5), where the conversion efficiency was increased from (4.78%) to (15.06%) for the enhanced cell. The other step was the selection of the best back surface layer with the best buffer layer, and thus the conversion efficiency was increased to (19.48%) for the composition cell (glass / ITO / V2O5 / Sb2Se3 / CuO / Au). Then a second buffer layer was added and the effect of the solar cell output was studied.