bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of India’s fodder production status and opportunities
Authors: Singh Deo Narayan , Bohra Jitendra S. , Tyagi Vishal , Singh Tejbal , Banjara Tej R. , Gupta Gaurendra
Published: January 2022

This review paper aims at an in‐depth analysis of the challenges, opportunities, and status of fodder production in India. A comprehensive review of available literature and various reports by govt. as well as non govt. organizations have been done as part of the methodology for preparing the manuscript. India caters to approximately 20% of the world's livestock population and about 17.5% of the human population on just 2.3% of the world's land area. The human population is increasing at a pace of 1.6% per annum, while the livestock population is increasing at a rate of 0.66% per year. Theses increasing human and animal populations are fighting tooth and nail for land resources for food and fodder production, respectively. As a result, cultivated fodders occupy only 4% of the entire cultivable land in the country. Presently, the country faces a net shortfall of 35.6% green fodder, 10.5% dry crop leftovers, and 44% concentrate feed ingredients. The option for increasing land area under fodder cultivation is very limited. Hence, it is big challenge in front of us to utilize the available meagre land wisely with its fullest potential to produce the fodders for the animals. Which could be achieved by adopting suitable cropping systems, incorporation of fodder crops in food and other cash crop‐based cropping systems on rotational basis, production of fodder on degraded lands by adopting fodder‐based agro forestry systems and exploring other options of green fodder like azolla. The cropping system with forage crops provides a potential alternative to overcome the fodder problem as it utilizes the resources more efficiently.
Infrastructural state capacity in the digital age: What drives the performance of COVID‐19 tracing apps?
Authors: Cingolani Luciana
Published: January 2022

In a context where states increasingly complement their physical presence with digital means, the classic idea of infrastructural state power needs reconsideration. The COVID‐19 pandemic represents an unparalleled opportunity to that end, given the uniformity of one type of digital infrastructural intervention—the offer of contact tracing apps‐ and its highly varying performance across geographies. Against this backdrop, the article seeks to expand traditional discussions on state infrastructural power by testing a series of propositions on the explanatory factors behind tracing apps' emergence and adoption rates. The findings stemming from a pool of 150 countries show no straightforward connection between traditional and digital forms of infrastructural power. They also point at the primacy of governmental trust over financial, institutional, and technological factors—including privacy standards—when explaining high adoption, suggesting that the relational aspect of infrastructural power acquires a proportionally greater weight in the digital era.
Validity of the four‐square step test in persons with haemophilia
Authors: Taylor Stephanie , Pemberton Sam , Barker Karen
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Recurrent bleeds into joints causes arthropathy leading to pain and reduced joint movement. This may cause a reduction in postural balance and increase the falls risk in patients with haemophilia (PWH). With an ageing PWH population the need to assess functional balance in clinic will be essential to monitor function and implement interventions to help maintain balance and prevent falls.

Aim

To assess the utility of the Four‐Square Step Test (FSST) in PWH.

Methods

80 PWH of all severity types were recruited and underwent a battery of outcome measures: FSST, Timed up & go (TUG), Short performance physical battery (SPPB), Haemophilia Activity List (HAL), ABC confidence questionnaire, and Haemophilia Joint Health score (HJHS). Demographics were collected, together with self‐reported falls/trips history.

Results

All 80 participants were able to complete all test measures. Median age 44.5 years. Number of participants reporting falls ranged from 23% in severe to 3% in mild. Recent trips 53% severe to 17% mild. Excellent Inter and intra‐reliability, ICC of .981 (CI .953–.992), P < .001 and ICC .989 (.983‐.993) P < .001, respectively. Strong correlations between FSST and TUG/ SPPB .753 and ‐.728, moderate correlation between FSST and ABC/HAL ‐.484, ‐.464 P < .01.

Conclusion

FSST is a valid and safe measure to use in PWH. It correlates strongly with other functional measures, has excellent inter and intra rater reliability. FSST correlates with age rather than severity type and provides information to the clinician on the speed/ability to change direction and clear an obstacle. ABC questionnaire was able to differentiate between severities and offers insight into patient confidence to move. SPPB had a ceiling effect with 52/80 scoring 12 and may not be suitable for PWH.
Cross‐cultural adaptation of the Arabic version of the DHEQ‐15
Authors: Arheiam Arheiam , ELTantawi Maha , ELkadiki Nuha , Elhashani Abdelgader , Baker Sarah R.
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Many patients who suffer from Dentine Hypersensitivity (DH) often go undiagnosed because they do not consider DH as serious problem that requires treatment. The use of patient‐reported outcome measures can help in diagnosis and management of DH problems. The aim of the present study was to adapt cross‐culturally the original English version of the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ‐15) for use in Arabic‐speaking countries.

Methods

An Arabic version of DHEQ‐15 was first developed by forward‐backward translation and piloted among a group of dental patients. A cross‐sectional study design was then used to test the psychometric properties of the Arabic DHEQ‐15 in a wider convenience sample of Libyan dental patients diagnosed with DH. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the three‐dimensional distribution of the subscales. The significance level of all statistical tests was set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results

The Arabic DHEQ‐15 demonstrated good face and content validity. A total of 462 participants aged, on average, 39.2 ± 12.9 years took part in the psychometric testing of the Arabic DHEQ‐15. The overall Cronbach's alpha of the questionnaire was 0.91, and overall Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test‐retest repeatability was 0.914. Participants with more severe DH had a significantly higher DHEQ‐15 score than those with less severe DH (p < 0.001). Those who reported better global rating of their oral health had lower scores on the Arabic DHEQ‐15 (p < 0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed three subscales of the Arabic DHEQ‐15.

Conclusions

The Arabic DHEQ‐15 has been developed and further testing has demonstrated acceptable levels of psychometric properties in an Arabic population. The Arabic DHEQ‐15 is a reliable measure of the quality‐of‐life impact of DH for use with Arabic‐speaking populations.
The sociological basis of the skin cancer epidemic
Authors: Asadi Leila K. , Khalili Ahmad , Wang Steven Q.
Published: January 2022

Given the precipitous rise in its incidence in recent decades, skin cancer has been recognized as a growing epidemic. We explore the sociological underpinnings of this epidemic, including: (1) aging of the demographic; (2) human ecologic factors (residing in areas with high ambient ultraviolet levels and a depleted ozone layer); (3) large‐scale European migration to more equatorial latitudes; (4) social structures that for centuries minimized miscegenation and maximized segregation; (5) gender‐based differences in sunbathing, tanning, sunscreen use, and clothing choice; (6) occupational ultraviolet exposure; (7) the complex interplay of socioeconomic status, race, and urbanization on skin cancer incidence and mortality; (8) the effects of war on skin cancer incidence; (9) cultural shifts in clothing, travel, outdoor sports, recreation, and attitudes towards being tan; and (10) the indirect effects of religion. We show that without these sociological factors, the most common type of cancer would not be nearly as common.
Membrane vesicles from antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transfer antibiotic-resistance to antibiotic-susceptible Escherichia coli
Authors: Lee Ae Rin , Park Seong Bin , Kim Si Won , Jung Jae Wook , Chun Jin Hong , Kim Jaesung , Kim Young Rim , Lazarte Jassy Mary S. , Jang Ho Bin , Thompson Kim D. , Jung Myunghwan , Ha Min Woo , Jung Tae Sung
Published: January 2022

Aim

Bacteria naturally produce membrane vesicles (MVs), which have been shown to contribute to the spread of multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR) by delivering antibiotic-resistant substances to antibiotic-susceptible bacteria. Here, we aim to show that MVs from Gram-positive bacteria are capable of transferring β-lactam antibiotic-resistant substances to antibiotic-sensitive Gram-negative bacteria.

Materials and Methods

MVs were collected from a methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vesicle-mediated fusion with antimicrobial-sensitive Escherichia coli (RC85). It was performed by exposing the bacteria to the MVs to develop antimicrobial-resistant E. coli (RC85-T).

Results

The RC85-T exhibited a higher resistance to β-lactam antibiotics compared to the parent strain. Although the secretion rates of the MVs from RC85-T and the parent strain were nearly equal, the β-lactamase activity of the MVs from RC85-T was 12-times higher than that of MVs from the parent strain, based on equivalent protein concentrations. Moreover, MVs secreted by RC85-T were able to protect β-lactam-susceptible E. coli from β-lactam antibiotic-induced growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion

MVs play a role in transferring substances from Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria, shown by the release of MVs from RC85-T that were able to protect β-lactam-susceptible bacteria from β-lactam antibiotics.

Significance and impact of study

MVs are involved in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains in a mixed bacterial culture, helping us to understand how the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria could be reduced.
Prevalence and factors associated with sleep disturbance in adult patients with psoriasis
Authors: Sahin E. , Hawro M. , Weller K. , Sabat R. , Philipp S. , Kokolakis G. , Christou D. , Metz M. , Maurer M. , Hawro T.
Published: January 2022

Background

Sleep, which is crucial for restoring of physiological functions and health, is reportedly impaired in psoriasis. The role of different potential sleep confounding factors, including detailed pruritus characteristics, and the complex interplay between psychological variables (anxiety and depression), pruritus and sleep disturbance in psoriasis remain insufficiently investigated.

Objectives

To investigate sleep characteristics and to identify clinical, demographic and psychological factors associated with sleep disturbance in psoriasis.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 334 psoriasis patients (response rate 86%) and 126 control subjects (response rate 82%). Measures included sleep quality [Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)], psoriasis severity, pruritus characteristics, including average pruritus intensity [visual analogue scale (VAS)], severity of comorbidities, anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – HADS) and quality of life (Dermatology Life Quality Index – DLQI, and Short Form 12 – SF12).

Results

Fifty‐nine per cent of patients and 34% of control subjects (P < 0.001) suffered from sleep disturbance (PSQI > 5). Patients slept 1 h less than control subjects (median 6 vs. 7 h, P < 0.001). Patients without pruritus had less impaired sleep (global PSQI) than patients with strong (P < 0.001) and very strong pruritus (P < 0.001). Anxiety (HADS‐A) and depression (HADS‐D) levels were the strongest predictors of sleep impairment, followed by pruritus exacerbation at night, age, female sex, pruritus exacerbation in the morning, average pruritus intensity (VAS), diagnosed depression and gastroesophageal reflux disease, altogether explaining 32%–37% of the variance in global sleep quality. Both anxiety (HADS‐A) and depression (HADS‐D) were significant mediators explaining the association between pruritus intensity (VAS) and sleep impairment in 42% and 37% respectively.

Conclusions

Sleep disturbance in patients with psoriasis is highly prevalent. Patients with psoriasis should be assessed for sleep impairment, pruritus, anxiety and depression. Reduction in pruritus should be considered as an important therapeutic goal, along with therapies aimed at reducing anxiety and depression.
Adolescent pornography consumption: A symbolic interactionist lens
Authors: Farina Rachael E.
Published: January 2022

Pornography consumption is commonplace amongst adolescents In the United States and other countries. Curiosity exists about the role consumption (both type and frequency) potentially plays in cognitive, psychological, and behavioral outcomes for this population. Theories such as symbolic interactionism assist in our understanding of how meaning relates to these outcomes. The current article includes existing literature and established constructs derived from symbolic interactionist theory along with gender as a moderator. Collectively, this information serves as a basis for the proposed midrange model exploring adolescent pornography consumption and varying associated positive and negative outcomes.
Parents' reflective functioning and their agreement on treatment goals in attachment‐based family therapy for sexual and gender minority young adults and their nonaccepting parents
Authors: Strifler Yotam , Zisenwine Tamar , Diamond Gary M.
Published: January 2022

This study examined the trajectories of parents' reflective functioning over the course of individual preparatory sessions with the therapist in attachment‐based family therapy (ABFT) for Israeli sexual minority young adults and their nonaccepting parents, and whether such reflective functioning was associated with parents' agreement on the goals for subsequent conjoint corrective attachment sessions. Three parents with good agreement on treatment goals were compared to three parents with poor agreement on treatment goals. Parents' in‐session reflectivity regarding their child's experience of nonacceptance, and regarding the quality of their relationship with their child, was observationally measured at the session level. Reflective functioning increased over time among those parents who reported good agreement with the treatment goals. There were no changes in parents' reflective functioning in the poor agreement group. Findings suggest the potential importance of facilitating parents' reflective functioning in ABFT, before conducting conjoint corrective attachment sessions. Research and clinical implications are discussed.
LncRNA HCG11 represses ovarian cancer cell growth via AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Xiaoping , Yang Yusheng , Sun Jie , Hu Chaofeng , Ge Xiaohong , Li Rong
Published: January 2022

Aim

Ovarian cancer is a main contributor of cancer‐relevant deaths among women worldwide due to high incidence and mortality. Mounting evidence has unveiled that lncRNAs play critical roles in malignancies, including ovarian cancer. Although the tumor suppressor function of HCG11 in prostate cancer and glioma has been proved, investigations on HCG11 role in ovarian cancer are still scarce.

Methods

Gene or protein expression was quantified by RT‐qPCR or western blot. HCG11 effects on ovarian cancer were assessed by functional assays. Bioinformatics analysis and mechanism experiments were implemented to identify the association among HCG11, miR‐1270, and PTEN.

Results

HCG11 was weakly expressed in ovarian cancer and functioned as a tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer by retarding cell proliferation, migration, and EMT. Besides, HCG11 could bind to miR‐1270 and PTEN was a target gene of miR‐1270. Mechanically, HCG11 competitively bound with miR‐1270 to upregulate PTEN. From rescue experiments, HCG11 impeded AKT/mTOR pathway to retard ovarian cancer cell growth by miR‐1270/PTEN.

Conclusions

HCG11 was a tumor suppressor in ovarian cancer cells and additionally, HCG11 regulated AKT/mTOR pathway to hinder ovarian cancer cell growth via modulating miR‐1270/PTEN, indicating that HCG11 may represent a promising target for effective treatment of ovarian cancer patients.
The mouth‐opening muscular performance in adults with and without temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Greenbaum Tzvika , Pitance Laurent , Kedem Ron , Emodi‐Perlman Alona
Published: January 2022

Background

The mouth‐opening muscular performance in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) is unclear. Understanding the impairments of this muscle group within specific TMDs is important to develop proper management strategies.

Objective

To characterise the mouth‐opening muscular performance in adults with and without TMDs.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to 12 November 2020. Bibliographies were searched for additional articles, including grey literature. Case‐control, cross‐sectional and interventional studies reporting mouth‐opening muscular strength and/or endurance were included. Risk of bias was assessed by the SIGN checklist for case‐control studies and by the NIH quality assessment tool for cross‐sectional studies. Results were pooled with a random‐effects model. Confidence in cumulative evidence was determined by means of the GRADE guidelines.

Results

Fourteen studies were included; most were rated as having a moderate risk of bias. Only three studies assessed patients with TMDs and the other 11 assessed healthy adults. Significant sex differences in muscular performance were found for healthy adults in the review (strength deficit for females versus males). There was a significant reduction in maximal mouth opening performance (strength and endurance) in the three studies that assessed patients with temporomandibular disorders.

Conclusion

Sex plays a significant role in maximal mouth opening strength. There is a lack of reliable data on the normal mouth‐opening strength and endurance of healthy adults as well as for patients with TMDs.

Implications

Lack of reliable TMDs patient data and comparable healthy adult data highlight future direction for research.
Accuracy of 3D Printed and Digital Casts Produced from Intraoral and Extraoral Scanners with Different Scanning Technologies: In Vitro Study
Authors: Ellakany Passent , Aly Nourhan M. , Al‐Harbi Fahad
Published: January 2022

Purpose

To compare the accuracy of 3D printed and digital casts produced from various intraoral and extraoral scanners with different scanning technologies.

Materials and Methods

A conventional stone cast was fabricated from the reference typodont cast and scanned with two intraoral scanners (TRIOS 3 version 1.4.7.5, and Dental Wings version 2.1.0.421), and two extraoral scanners (S600 Arti, Zirkonzahn, and Ceramill map 600, Amann Girrbach GmbH). All digital scans were saved in the form of STL files and measurements were calculated using Geomagic analysis software. Two types of measurements were assessed on the casts: tooth‐ and arch‐level measurements. Absolute errors were calculated by subtracting the measurements on 3D printed, digital, and conventional stone casts from the measurements on the reference typodont cast. One‐way ANOVA was used for comparing different measurement errors between groups. Linear regression was performed to determine the association between different explanatory variables, and the average measurement errors (dependent variable) adjusted to reference cast measurements. Regression coefficients (B) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

Results

For both 3D printed and digital casts, Dental Wings showed significantly greater error compared to other scanners and to the conventional stone cast at all measurements except arch lengths (in the 3D printed modality only), while conventional casts showed the lowest error. Error was significantly higher in intraoral than extraoral scanners (B = 0.009, 95% CI = 0.005, 0.02), and in arch level measurements than tooth level measurements (B = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.04), and significantly lower in 3D printed than digital casts (B = –0.04, 95% CI = –0.05, –0.04). There were no statistically significant differences between measurement errors of both arches (maxillary and mandibular arches).

Conclusions

Extraoral scanners showed higher accuracy than intraoral scanners, and 3D printed casts showed higher accuracy than their digital counterparts. Dental Wings scanner had the greatest measurement error.
On Catalan as a minority language: The case of Catalan laterals in Barcelonan Spanish
Authors: Davidson Justin
Published: January 2022

This investigation examines the variable production of alveolar laterals in Barcelonan Spanish as a case study evidencing the effects of language contact between a majority language, Spanish, and a minority language, Catalan. The Catalan‐Spanish speech community constitutes a rather unique case of majority‐minority language contact, particularly within the Spanish‐speaking world, as Catalan, though a minority language in Spain, is characterized by such a high degree of linguistic vitality, linguistic capital, and social prestige in the autonomous region of Catalonia that its status as a minority language is to a degree, questionable. I account for sociophonetic variability in the production of Barcelonan Spanish /l/ by a set of linguistic (phonological context, cognate status) and social factors (gender, age, style, language dominance) that support an analysis of lateral velarization as contact‐induced and situate this case of language contact as a natural or otherwise predictable outcome of this community's sociolinguistic and sociodemographic history, notably concerning changes in immigration patterns, language ideologies, and language use in the last century. Additionally, I highlight how the gradient nature of select sociophonetic variables uniquely conditions nuanced social indexation in the speech community, specifically in the absence of any one singular or discrete, community‐wide acoustic variant.
A long‐term study of temporal variation in wing feather mite (Acari: Astigmata) infestations on robins, Erithacus rubecula, in Nottinghamshire, UK
Authors: Peet R. , Kirk A. , Behnke J. M.
Published: January 2022

European robins (Erithacus rubecula) were mist netted and assessed for wing feather mite infestations in north‐east Nottinghamshire, England from June 1998 until March 2014. We analysed records of 899 first capture birds using three measures of infestation: prevalence of mites (% showing evidence of infestation), number of wing feathers infested with mites on one wing (NIWF), and the total mite infestation score (TOTMIS). The latter is the sum of scores (range 0–4) allocated to each of the 19 flight feathers on the assessed wing. The overall prevalence of infestation was 90.9% (95% confidence limits = 88.19–93.02), and average NIWFs and TOTMIS (±sem) were 6.0 ± 0.15 and 6.5 ± 0.23, respectively. All three measures varied significantly between age classes of birds, but not between the sexes, and varied markedly between months of the year. TOTMIS values were highest in late winter/early spring months and then dropped markedly in May to a low in summer months (usually by August), the dip in abundance of mites coinciding with the breeding season of robins. The best mixed‐effects generalised statistical model was one that comprised month of capture and age of birds but there was also a highly significant negative correlation between TOTMIS values of individual birds and the mean monthly ambient temperature in the month of capture as well as that of the preceding month. The most parsimonious interpretation of our data is that the highly consistent dip in mite abundance on adult robins from spring to summer months reflects vertical transmission of mites to their nestlings/fledgelings. These results are discussed in the context of the biology of both hosts and mites.
Fayalite formation through hydrothermal experiments: Insights into early fluid‐assisted aqueous alteration processes on asteroids
Authors: Dobrică E. , Nuth J. A. , Brearley A. J.
Published: January 2022

In order to understand the effects of the earliest fluid‐assisted hydration processes on asteroids, we performed one hydrothermal experiment using three different reactants (FeO‐rich amorphous silicates, iron metal powder, and water) at conditions informed by our current state of knowledge of asteroidal alteration. This experiment provides, for the first time, clear evidence that the growth of fayalite can occur during hydrothermal alteration, as described previously in meteorites. These newly formed fayalite crystals are elongated and porous, similar to the ones described in CV3, CK, and ordinary chondrites. The results show that (1) fayalite could form even if chemical equilibrium was not reached in the experiment, at a water to rock mass ratio (0.4 W/R at the beginning of the experiment) higher than the values calculated to be thermodynamically viable at equilibrium (W/R > 0.2); (2) the composition and the texture of the reactants changed during the hydrothermal alteration process, suggesting that the reactants, especially the amorphous silicates, underwent dissolution and reprecipitation; (3) fayalite can form at low temperature (220 °C), which is at the transition between hydrothermal alteration and fluid‐assisted metamorphism in chondrites. The results are consistent with previous mineralogical observations and thermodynamic models, which suggest that fayalite crystals are formed on asteroidal parent bodies by the interaction between a hydrothermal fluid and disequilibrium assemblages that compose the pristine materials that condensed in the early solar nebula. This experiment suggests that two variables play a very important role in the formation of fayalite during the hydrothermal growth (W/R mass ratio and the fluid composition). These results are similar to the recent observations of the fine‐grained matrix of ordinary chondrites.
Assessment of population distribution, conservation status and in vitro propagation of Cymbidium whiteae King & Pantl. in the Sikkim Himalaya, India
Authors: Pal Ram , Babu P. Kiran , Rai Deepak , Pamarthi Ravi Kishore , Singh Duniya Ram
Published: January 2022

Cymbidium whiteae King & Pantl is an endemic and endangered orchid species found in Sikkim, India. We evaluated the current population distribution and conservation needs of this species during 2017–2019 in North Sikkim, Sikkim, India. The distribution of the species ranged from 1020 to 1479 m a.s.l. but was confined to a small restricted area of the lower Dzongu region of North Sikkim district. The numbers of clumps at survey sites varied from 2 to 5 with a total population of 43 clumps at 17 sites. The flower number and capsules per clump varied from 4 to 12 and 3 to 12, respectively. Some flowering‐sized individuals neither flowered nor set any seed pods. Preliminary studies on asymbiotic seed germination indicated that seeds germinate on MS media supplemented with 0.2 mg BAP and develop into plantlets on the same media. We analysed the distribution pattern, prepared a distribution map, assessed the conservation status based on the IUCN criteria, and suggest suitable in situ and ex situ conservation measures and sustainable utilization. Based on the IUCN criteria, Cymbidium whiteae was assessed as critically endangered (CR).
Momordica janarthanamii (Cucurbitaceae): a new species from Maharashtra state, India
Authors: Gosavi Kumar Vinod Chhotupuri , Gholave Avinash Ramchandra , Madhav Nilesh Appaso , Kambale Sharad Suresh
Published: January 2022

Momordica janarthanamii sp. nov., from the Nashik district of Maharashtra state, India, is described and illustrated. The new species is closely related to Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. Colored photographs, distribution, ecological notes and economical values of the new species are provided. A key to the dioecious species of Momordica of India is provided to facilitate identification.
Species divergence with gene flow and hybrid speciation on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wu Shengdan , Wang Yi , Wang Zefu , Shrestha Nawal , Liu Jianquan
Published: January 2022

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) sensu lato (sl), comprising the platform, the Himalaya and the Hengduan Mountains, is characterized by a large number of endemic plant species. This evolutionary cradle may have arisen from explosive species diversification because of geographic isolation. However, gene flow has been widely detected during the speciation processes of all groups examined, suggesting that natural selection may have also played an important role during species divergence in this region. In addition, natural hybrids have been recovered in almost all species‐rich genera. This suggests that numerous species in this region are still ‘on the speciation pathway to complete reproductive isolation (RI)’. Such hybrids could directly develop into new species through hybrid polyploidization and homoploid hybrid speciation (HHS). HHS may take place more easily than previously thought through alternate inheritance of alleles of parents at multiple RI loci. Therefore, isolation, selection and hybridization could together have promoted species diversification of numerous plant genera on the QTP sl. We emphasize the need for identification and functional analysis of alleles of major genes for speciation, and especially encourage investigations of parallel adaptive divergence causing RI across different lineages within similar but specific habitats in this region.
Q‐Switched 1064‐nm Nd: YAG laser versus fractional carbon dioxide laser for post acne scarring: A split‐face comparative study
Authors: Sabry Hanan Hassan , Hegazy Mohammed Saad , Ahmed Eman , Salem Rehab Mohammed
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Many treatment modalities are available for post acne scarring. However, the response to the treatment is extremely variable among patients.

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of Q‐switched Nd: YAG (1064 nm) and fractional CO2 (10,600 nm) lasers in the treatment of atrophic post acne scars.

Methods

This study included 20 patients with atrophic facial post acne scars graded according to Sharquie's score. All subjects received four sessions of laser treatment with a 4‐week interval between the sessions. The study was designed as a double‐blinded, comparative, split‐face study applying Q‐switched 1064‐nm Nd:YAG laser to the right side of the face and fractional CO2 laser to the left side.

Results

Q‐switched 1064‐nm Nd: YAG laser achieved significantly higher improvement percentage when compared to fractional CO2 lasers (33.33% versus 17.37% Sharquie's score reduction, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between the percentages of improvement and the patients’ age on both sides and a significant positive correlation with the baseline Sharquie scores on both sides.

Conclusion

Q‐Switched 1064‐nm Nd: YAG laser could be a promising safe option for the management of atrophic post acne scars.
Matrix remodeling‐associated protein 8 is a marker of a subset of cancer‐associated fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ichihara Ryosuke , Shiraki Yukihiro , Mizutani Yasuyuki , Iida Tadashi , Miyai Yuki , Esaki Nobutoshi , Kato Akira , Mii Shinji , Ando Ryota , Hayashi Masamichi , Takami Hideki , Fujii Tsutomu , Takahashi Masahide , Enomoto Atsushi
Published: January 2022

Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a compartment of the tumor microenvironment, were previously thought to be a uniform cell population that promotes cancer progression. However, recent studies have shown that CAFs are heterogeneous and that there are at least two types of CAFs, that is, cancer‐promoting and ‐restraining CAFs. We previously identified Meflin as a candidate marker of cancer‐restraining CAFs (rCAFs) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The precise nature of rCAFs, however, has remained elusive owing to a lack of understanding of their comprehensive gene signatures. Here, we screened genes whose expression correlated with Meflin in single‐cell transcriptomic analyses of human cancers. Among the identified genes, we identified matrix remodeling‐associated protein 8 (MXRA8), which encodes a type I transmembrane protein with unknown molecular function. Analysis of MXRA8 expression in human PDAC samples showed that MXRA8 was differentially co‐expressed with other CAF markers. Moreover, in patients with PDAC or syngeneic tumors developed in MXRA8‐knockout mice, MXRA8 expression did not affect the roles of CAFs in cancer progression, and the biological importance of MXRA8+ CAFs is still unclear. Overall, we identified MXRA8 as a new CAF marker; further studies are needed to determine the relevance of this marker.
A catalogue of semigroup properties for integral operators with Fox–Wright kernel functions
Authors: Fernandez Arran , Özarslan Mehmet Ali , Kürt Cemaliye
Published: January 2022

The Fox–Wright function is a very general form of function, covering many families of special functions as particular cases. Any special function can be used as a kernel for a fractional integral operator, but which of these operators will satisfy desiderata such as a semigroup property for composition? This paper provides a rigorous categorisation of all such fractional integral operators which have a semigroup property in any of their parameters. We discover that nearly all possible semigroup properties arise from the Chu–Vandermonde identity, with the Prabhakar fractional calculus emerging as one special case. For any integral operator with such a semigroup property, it is possible to construct a complete model of fractional calculus, including both integral and derivative operators which interact with each other in a natural way.
Teaching evidence‐based practice: Knowledge to implementation in a BSN program, part 2
Authors: Ruppel Kelly J. , Bone Beverley A.
Published: January 2022

Background

Nursing education at the undergraduate level has started teaching the process of research integration through evidence‐based practice (EBP) implementation rather than solely focusing on teaching nursing research. This is Part 2 of a two‐part series.

Aims

To discuss strategy on how to teach undergraduate nursing students the process of implementing EBP over two courses and to assess their learning outcomes. This article focuses on Course 2, Leadership and Management, which takes place during senior year and builds on student learning from their junior year through application of an EBP capstone project.

Methods

The American Association of Colleges of Nursing's Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Nursing Practice (2008) was used to guide the discussion and course development. An anonymous survey was used to measure the level of student perceived achievement of the learning objectives related to EBP. Students responded to statements using a 5‐point Likert scale for level of agreement (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree).

Results

In Course 2, Leadership and Management, senior year students focused on the remaining EBP steps (four through six) and completed an EBP capstone project with a nurse manager. A total of 83 students responded to the anonymous evaluation survey, and mean learning objective scores were 4.0 or above, indicating a high degree of perceived level of achievement.

Linking Evidence to Action

Teaching the EBP process with active learning strategies over two courses enhances student learning.
ALISTER McGRATH AND EDUCATION IN SCIENCE AND RELIGION
Authors: Pinsent Andrew
Published: January 2022

Alister McGrath has undoubtedly made an impressive contribution to educate people in science and religion, but what are the secrets of his success? In this article, drawn from studies of his publications and a personal interview, I highlight the priority he gives to clarity, his second‐personal pedagogy, his non‐partisan trustworthiness, his encouragement of diversity, and his gentle, spell‐breaking humor. For all his achievements in clearing intellectual space for revelation, McGrath has, however, tended to focus much more on science in relation to natural theology than revelation. Due to this focus, I tend to classify him as a John Bunyan rather than a Dante Alighieri. Hence, McGrath, who has achieved so much in educating people in science and religion, has also left plenty of opportunities for future generations to expand on his research.
PARASITE SOUP: FAITH AND SCIENCE IN THE HISTORY OF PARASITOLOGY
Authors: Blaschke Jeremy D.
Published: January 2022

Popular conceptions of the relationship between science and religion often emphasize the mutual compatibility but segregation of these two authoritative domains. However, along the uncertain border between these two spheres exist many questions that appear to influence and be influenced by both scientific and theological evidence. For biologists, the gruesome details of parasite biology and behavior illuminate a shadow in nature where science and theology must intersect—did a loving creator God design parasites? Here, I explore the writings and experiments of the early fathers of parasitology who established and matured a new scientific discipline while deeply integrating their theological beliefs with their scientific investigations. I argue that modern scientists can, and often should, follow in the footsteps of our scientific forefathers and intentionally allow our theological presuppositions to inspire scientific experiments, especially in these important boundary‐crossing subjects. In doing so, I believe we may advance scientific understanding of the way reality is by asking unexpected questions and uncover deeper truths about the character of God as revealed in his intricately complex and eternally fascinating creation.
OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR CULTIVATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES PROMISING FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA OF GENUS PSEUDOMONAS
Authors: Pilipchuk T.A. , Gerasimovich A.D. , Ananyeva I.N. , Kolomiets E.I.
Published: January 2022

Cultural parameters of bacteriophages screened for lytic activity toward host bacterial strain P. helmanticensis BIM В-582 D were investigated. The following conditions were shown to be optimal for cultivation of indicator culture and it’s lysis by Pseudomonas phages BIM ВV-45 D, BIM ВV-46 D, BIM ВV-47 D, BIM ВV-50 D, BIM ВV-53 D, BIM ВV-61 D in laboratory fermenters ANKUM-3M: nutrient medium – fish meal hydrolysate broth, temperature – 28°C, stirrer agitation rate – 160 rpm, aeration rate – 1 l air/ l medium per min. Biopreparation produced under optimized conditions and composed of six afore-mentioned phages display high lytic activity both in regard to the host strain and to phytopathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae.
INFLUENCE OF ABIOTIC STRESS FACTORS ON THE HYDRATION OF PLANT TISSUES OF SEDUM HYBRIDUM L. (AIZOPSIS HYBRIDA (L.) GRULICH)
Authors: Terletskaya N.V. , Kobylina T.N. , Kenzhebayeva Zh.A.
Published: January 2022

Genus Sedum (family Crassulaceae) - succulents adapted to lack of moisture. Morphophysiological reactions of immature Sedum hybridum L. (Aizopsis hybrida (L.) Grulich) plants to stressful conditions of water scarcity, salinization and low positive temperatures are described. The high resistance of plants to the studied stress effects is shown. The tendency of the dynamics of the highest moisture loss by plants of the control group and the lowest by plants cultivated at PEG–6000 at a concentration of 200 mmol/l was noted, which indicates the adaptive effect of this level of osmotic stress on Sedum hybridum plants. To obtain a completely dry Sedum hybridum mass for various physiological experiments, it is necessary to maintain the plant material at a temperature of 105⸰ C, with at least 40 hours.
Improving Site-Dependent Wind Turbine Performance Prediction Accuracy Using Machine Learning
Authors: Barber Sarah , Hammer Florian , Tica Adrian
Published: January 2022

Data-driven wind turbine performance predictions, such as power and loads, are important for planning and operation. Current methods do not take site-specific conditions such as turbulence intensity and shear into account, which could result in errors of up to 10%. In this work, four different machine learning models (k-nearest neighbors regression, random forest regression, extreme gradient boosting regression and artificial neural networks (ANN)) are trained and tested, first on a simulation dataset and then on a real dataset. It is found that machine learning methods that take site-specific conditions into account can improve prediction accuracy by a factor of two to three, depending on the error indicator chosen. Similar results are observed for multi-output ANNs for simulated in- and out-of-plane rotor blade tip deflection and root loads. Future work focuses on understanding transferability of results between different turbines within a wind farm and between different wind turbine types.
A Computational Framework for Human-Centric Vehicular Crashworthiness Design and Decision-Making Under Uncertainty
Authors: Nellippallil Anand Balu , Berthelson Parker R. , Peterson Luke , Prabhu Raj K.
Published: January 2022

Government agencies, globally, strive to minimize the likelihood and frequency of human death and severe injury on road transport systems. From an engineering design standpoint, the minimization of these road accident effects on occupants becomes a critical design goal. This necessitates the quantification and management of injury risks on the human body in response to several vehicular impact variables and their associated uncertainties for different crash scenarios. In this paper, we present a decision-based, robust design (RD) framework to quantify and manage the impact-based injury risks on occupants for different computational model-based car crash scenarios. The key functionality offered is the designer's capability to conduct robust concept exploration focused on managing the selected impact variables and associated uncertainties, such that injury risks are controlled within acceptable levels. The framework's efficacy is tested for near-side impact scenarios with impact velocity and angle of impact as the critical variables of interest. Two injury criteria, namely, head injury criterion (HIC) and lateral neck injury criteria (Lateral Nij) are selected to quantitatively measure the head and neck injury risks in each crash simulation. Using the framework, a RD problem is formulated to determine the combination of impact variables that best satisfies the injury goals defined. The framework and associated design constructs are generic and support the formulation and decision-based robust concept exploration of similar problems involving models under uncertainty. Our focus in this paper is on the framework rather than the results per se.
Bounded Elastic Moduli Multiplier Technique for Limit Loads: Part 1—Theory
Authors: Mangalaramanan Sathya Prasad
Published: January 2022

Statically admissible stress distributions are necessary to evaluate lower bound limit loads. Over the last three decades, several methods have been postulated to obtain these distributions using iterative elastic finite element analyses. Some of the pioneering techniques are the reduced modulus, r-node, elastic compensation, and linear matching methods, to mention a few. A new method, called the bounded elastic moduli multiplier technique (BEMMT), is proposed and the theoretical underpinnings thereof are explained in this paper. BEMMT demonstrates greater robustness, more generality, and better stress distributions, consistently leading to lower-bound limit loads that are closer to elastoplastic finite element analysis estimates. It also leads us to question the validity of the prevailing power law-based stationary stress distributions. Part 2 of this paper offers several case studies to validate this claim.
El turismo en el Casco Histórico de Toledo: ¿un bien común o un componente portador de otredad?
Authors:   Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ralero Rojas María Isabel
Published: January 2022

La investigación observa la forma en la que los intereses económicos globales de la industria turística actual se articulan en lo local conjugándose con ciertos valores identitarios y estereotipos que se han ido recreando históricamente para naturalizar el turismo como elemento clave para el bien común. Ello se encuentra inmerso dentro una supuesta lógica racional que ha considerado al turismo como una fuente incalculable e inagotable de riqueza para la urbe, idea que se ha ido alimentando desde los inicios del turismo en Toledo. Pero el contexto actual nos muestra cómo ciertos actores sociales afectados por la crisis sanitaria han puesto de relieve la necesidad de un cambio de modelo turístico que se considera agotado hacia otros más sostenibles y comunitarios que ponen en duda esa supuesta lógica racional del beneficio general y observan su espacio habitado como algo que se debate entre la invasión, el enriquecimiento. el sentido de pertenencia construido a través de la imagen de una ciudad histórica Patrimonio de la Humanidad, la salida del territorio por procesos de desposesión simbólica, o incluso la indiferencia y la reacción a fuertes procesos de gentrificación.Al reflexionar sobre ello, entran en escena componentes de clase social que definen ciertos tipos de visitantes y residentes deseables, mientras que las comparaciones con ese otro extranjero residente en el Casco Histórico se hacen inevitables.
Melting of subducted slab dictates trace element recycling in global arcs
Authors: Li Huijuan , Hermann Joerg , Zhang Lifei
Published: January 2022

Temperature-dependent trace element fractionation during melting of subducted slab can explain the composition of arc magmas.
Tumor collection/processing under physioxia uncovers highly relevant signaling networks and drug sensitivity
Authors: Kumar Brijesh , Adebayo Adedeji K. , Prasad Mayuri , Capitano Maegan L. , Wang Ruizhong , Bhat-Nakshatri Poornima , Anjanappa Manjushree , Simpson Edward , Chen Duojiao , Liu Yunlong , Schilder Jeanne M. , Colter Austyn B. , Maguire Callista , Temm Constance J. , Sandusky George , Doud Emma H. , Wijeratne Aruna B. , Mosley Amber L. , Broxmeyer Hal E. , Nakshatri Harikrishna
Published: January 2022

Tumor tissue collection and processing under physioxia allow highly relevant detection of signaling networks and drug sensitivity.
De novo mutations identified by whole-genome sequencing implicate chromatin modifications in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Lin Guan Ning , Song Weichen , Wang Weidi , Wang Pei , Yu Huan , Cai Wenxiang , Jiang Xue , Huang Wu , Qian Wei , Chen Yucan , Chen Miao , Yu Shunying , Xu Tingting , Jiao Yumei , Liu Qiang , Zhang Chen , Yi Zhenghui , Fan Qing , Chen Jue , Wang Zhen
Published: January 2022

Trio-based whole-genome sequencing identified the role of chromatin modification in OCD pathology.
Biphasic control of cell expansion by auxin coordinates etiolated seedling development
Authors: Du Minmin , Bou Daher Firas , Liu Yuanyuan , Steward Andrew , Tillmann Molly , Zhang Xiaoyue , Wong Jeh Haur , Ren Hong , Cohen Jerry D. , Li Chuanyou , Gray William M.
Published: January 2022

Auxin concentration–dependent cell expansion coordinates hypocotyl elongation and apical hook development for soil emergence.
Recombinant porphobilinogen deaminase targeted to the liver corrects enzymopenia in a mouse model of acute intermittent porphyria
Authors: Córdoba Karol M. , Serrano-Mendioroz Irantzu , Jericó Daniel , Merino María , Jiang Lei , Sampedro Ana , Alegre Manuel , Corrales Fernando , Garrido María J. , Martini Paolo G. V. , Lanciego José Luis , Prieto Jesús , Berraondo Pedro , Fontanellas Antonio
Published: January 2022

Systemic and subcutaneous rApoAI-PBGD therapy protects against porphyrin precursor accumulation, pain, and motor neuropathy in AIP mice.