bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
938-P: A Human Gut Commensal, Parabacteroides Distasonis, Enhances Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmunity via Molecular Mimicry
Authors: GIRDHAR KHYATI , HUANG QIAN , CHOW I-TING , BRADY CLAUDIA , RAISINGANI AMOL , TRAN TU , KWOK WILLIAM , ATKINSON MARK A. , KAHN C. RONALD , ALTINDIS EMRAH
Published: June 2021

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the selective destruction of pancreatic β-cells by autoreactive T-cells. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 150 regions that influence the risk of developing T1D, but genetics alone cannot account for the increasing incidence of T1D. Various environmental factors have been examined to identify their potential contributions, however, no report has demonstrated a direct role of these environmental factors in T1D onset. In the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D, over 90% of the anti-insulin CD4+ T-cell clones target amino acids 9-23 of the insulin B chain (insB:9-23). More importantly, insB:9-23 specific T-cells have been identified in islets obtained from human organ donors with T1D as well as peripheral blood lymphocytes of living T1D patients.

In this study, focusing on the main insulin epitope, insB:9-23, we explored whether a microbial insB:9-23 mimic could modulate T1D. We demonstrate that a microbial insB:9-23 mimic of Parabacteroides distasonis, a human gut commensal, exclusively stimulates NOD mouse T-cells specific to insB:9-23. Indeed, immunization of NOD mice with either the bacterial mimic peptide or insB:9-23 further verified the cross-reactivity in vivo. P. distasonis colonization of the female NOD mice gut accelerated T1D onset. In addition, adoptive transfer of splenocytes from NOD mice colonized with P. distasonis to NOD.SCID recipients conferred the enhanced disease phenotype. Integration analysis of published DIABIMMUNE T1D gut microbiome data revealed that P. distasonis is lacking in the gut microbiota of the children below age 1 who will eventually develop T1D in Russia and Estonia. Notably, P. distasonis insB:9-23 mimic can stimulate human T-cell clones specific to insB:9-23. Taken together, our studies define a potential molecular mimicry link between T1D pathogenesis and the gut microbiota.

Disclosure

K. Girdhar: None. E. Altindis: None. Q. Huang: None. I. Chow: None. C. Brady: None. A. Raisingani: None. T. Tran: None. W. Kwok: None. M. A. Atkinson: None. C. Kahn: Advisory Panel; Self; ERX Pharmaceuticals, Kaleido Biosciences, Inc., Consultant; Self; Flagship Pioneering, Sana/Cobalt.

Funding

National Institutes of Health (1K01DK117967-01, R01DK031026, R01DK033201, P01AI042288); G. Harold & Leila Y. Mathers Foundation; Iacocca Family Foundation
940-P: Prediction of Neurocognitive Disability with Magnitudes of Insulin Resistance and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Secretion in Offspring from Mother with Diabetes
Authors: IWASAKI HAJIME , SASAKI JUNKO , SUGAI KEIJI , ITO MARIKO , ISHII KEITARO , AIERKEN MAIERHABA , LI GUOJIAO , SUWANAI HIROTSUGU , TORII MASAAKI , HASHIMOTO-TORII KAZUE , ODAWARA MASATO , SUZUKI RYO
Published: June 2021

Diabetes during pregnancy has been linked with an increased risk of developing metabolic disorders and behavioral abnormalities in the offspring. However, the correlation between those two phenotypes in offspring from mother with diabetes (OMD) has not been tested. We therefore examined the correlation between motor skill learning and glucose tolerance, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in OMD. ICR female mice received intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of 150mg/kg streptozotocin at six weeks old. Control female was administered with the vehicle. Those animals showed over 250mg/dL glucose level at 14 days post injection. Mating was done with normal male and all of pups were born in term. Motor skill learning was tested on accelerated rotarod at postnatal 30 days (P30). A learning index was calculated for each animal by averaging the difference in terminal speed when the mouse fall from the rotor rod. Motor learning is impaired in OMD (P =0.0035). Following the behavior test, insulin tolerance test, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) were performed. Although the weight of OMD is similar to that of control animals at P21, it was significantly increased after P60 (P <0.0001). The glucose level in the plasma of mice is significantly increased in IPGTT (15, 30min post glucose i.p. injection, p <0.0001) at P60. OMD show higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (OMD 0.93 vs. control 0.84), and reduced secretion of active GLP-1 (aGLP-1) (OMD 6.70 ng/mL vs. control 8.02 ng /mL) in OGTT. Notably, poor learners of motor skill show significantly lower aGLP-1 secretion than the good learners (P =0.0360). Furthermore, in OMD, neuronal morphology was abnormal in the motor cortex that controls the motor skill learning. These results demonstrate that insulin resistance and the aGLP-1 secretion serve as predictors of motor skill learning deficiencies in OMD.

Disclosure

H. Iwasaki: None. K. Hashimoto-torii: None. M. Odawara: Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Astellas Pharma Inc., Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Eli Lilly Japan K. K., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., MSD Corporation, Novartis AG, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. R. Suzuki: Research Support; Self; Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co. Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Speaker’s Bureau; Self; MSD K. K., Novartis Pharma K. K., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Sanofi K. K., Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. J. Sasaki: None. K. Sugai: None. M. Ito: None. K. Ishii: None. M. Aierken: None. G. Li: None. H. Suwanai: None. M. Torii: None.
956-P: A Longitudinal Study of Plasma Glycated Albumin in Pregnancy: Findings from a Multiracial U.S. Pregnancy Cohort
Authors: ZHANG CUILIN , WU JING , HINKLE STEFANIE , SACKS DAVID B.
Published: June 2021

Background: Glycated albumin (GA) represents a useful tool reflecting glycemic homeostasis over a period of 3 weeks and has been recently proposed as a screening marker for diabetes among non-pregnant individuals. However, data on GA during pregnancy are sparse in general and lacking among women of diverse race/ethnicity. We aimed to investigate longitudinal levels of GA in pregnancy among U.S. women of multi-race/ethnicity.

Methods: We quantified GA and cardiometabolic biomarkers using blood samples collected at 8-13, 15-26 (fasting sample), 26-31, and 33-39 gestational weeks from 214 pregnant women without gestational diabetes in the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons. We examined distributions of GA across pregnancy and their associations with major characteristics of study participants such as race/ethnicity, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), fetal sex, and selected cardiometabolic biomarkers.

Results: Overall, GA tended to increase from early pregnancy to 2nd trimester and decrease through the 3rd trimester; medians (inter-quartile range) were 12.1% (10.6-13.4), 12.5 (10.7-13.8),12.4 (10.9-13.5) and 11.5 (10.4-12.5) at 8-13, 15-26, 26-31, and 33-39 gestational weeks, respectively. A similar pattern was observed across race/ethnicity groups (p for interaction =0.71). At 8-13 gestational weeks, GA concentrations were significantly and inversely related to pre-pregnancy BMI, waist circumference and waist/hip ratio, and plasma HDL and adiponectin levels, but significantly and positively related to triglyceride levels. Interestingly, GA levels were neither significantly related to HbA1c over pregnancy, nor to fasting inulin, glucose, or HOMA-IR. GA levels did not vary significantly by race/ethnicity or fetus sex.

Conclusion: GA appeared not a sensitive marker for glucose metabolism in pregnancy, although it was significantly related to pre-pregnancy adiposity measures and some cardiometabolic biomarkers during pregnancy.

Disclosure

C. Zhang: None. J. Wu: None. S. Hinkle: None. D. B. Sacks: Research Support; Self; Sebia, Trinity Biotech plc.
976-P: Cardiovascular Risk Predicts Severe Respiratory Failure in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19
Authors: LOCKHART SAM , SHEIKH ANUM , GRIFFITHS HARY , LATORRE JULIA CALVO , DALY AIDEEN B. , SIBAL LATIKA
Published: June 2021

Cardiometabolic disease is associated with mortality and requirement for ventilation in COVID-19. Symptomatic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) implies the presence of significant endothelial dysfunction and is a risk factor for severe COVID-19. However, many patients with no history of CVD exhibit severe COVID-19. We hypothesised that CVD risk calculators could serve as a proxy for significant endothelial dysfunction and predict COVID-19 outcomes in those without symptomatic CVD.

We reviewed 230 patients aged 35 to 65 years, hospitalized with COVID-19 at our institution. 190 patients with no history of symptomatic CVD were included. 23% developed severe respiratory failure (RF, requiring mechanical or non-invasive ventilation), while 4% (7/164) of those without prior end-stage renal disease required renal replacement therapy (RRT).

In univariate analysis, age (β = 0.057 ± 0.02, p= 0.02), BMI (β = 0.05 ± 0.03, p = 0.049) and T2DM (β = 0.81 ± 0.41, p = 0.048) predicted RF. In keeping with a link between insulin resistance and severe COVID-19, an association was observed between triglycerides and RF (β = 0.26 ± 0.14, P = 0.058). CVD risk indices QRISK3 (0.07 ± 0.02, P <0.001), a CVD Risk Algorithm that predicts the risk of a CV event in next 10 years, and CHADS2VASC (0.53 ± 0.20, P=0.01) were both associated with RF. Age and QRISK3 were associated with a requirement for RRT and length of stay.

We observed a threshold effect for QRISK3: when 10 year risk of a CV event was > 5% the risk of RF markedly increased (OR: 6.86 (95% CI: 2.30 - 20.5, P<0.001). The risk of RF was similar across all strata of QRISK3 >5%. A similar trend was observed when analysis was limited to those with T2DM (Ventilatory support in T2DM: QRISK<5% - 0/8, QRISK>5%: 11/30). All cases of RRT occurred in those with QRISK >5%.

CVD risk calculators predict severe COVID-19, supporting a role for subclinical CVD in severe COVID-19. Patients hospitalized with QRISK3 >5% may be candidates for early intervention and enhanced monitoring.

Disclosure

S. Lockhart: None. A. Sheikh: None. H. Griffiths: None. J. Calvo latorre: None. A. B. Daly: None. L. Sibal: None.

Funding

National Institute for Health Research
Tilbake til fortiden: Forsvarspolitikken og norsk identitet
Authors: Friis Karsten
Published: June 2021

Denne artikkelens hovedargument er at norsk forsvarspolitikk i stor grad er formet av norsk identitet og av norske verdier. Denne sterke koblingen ble særlig tydelig på 1990-tallet, da den bidro til kontinuitet i Forsvarets oppgaver og innretting til tross for store endringer i Norges sikkerhetspolitiske omgivelser. Som et resultat av fremveksten av en ny norsk forsvarspolitisk diskurs inntraff et forsvarspolitisk paradigmeskifte rundt årtusenskiftet. Resultatet ble overgangen fra invasjonsforsvar til «innsatsforsvar». For å styrke legitimiteten til det nye paradigmet ble likevel mange av særtrekkene med det gamle paradigmet forsøkt innskrevet i det nye. Imidlertid svingte Forsvaret seg meget raskt om da primærfokuset igjen ble kollektivt forsvar etter 2014. Endringen rundt år 2000 var dermed egentlig ikke så dyp. Det dominerende narrativet om Forsvarets rolle forble primært nasjonalt og territorielt forankret.
Abstract in English:Back to the Future: National Identity and the Norwegian Defence PolicyThe article argues that Norwegian defence policy to a large extent is shaped by Norwegian identity and Norwegian values. This strong link was particularly visible in the 1990’s, when we witnessed a large degree of continuation of the Norwegian defence posture, despite the radical changes in the security environment. Territorial defence remained a key priority. When a new paradigm eventually emerged around the tun of the century – with primary focus on international operations – much of the old elements were nonetheless retained. Hence, when NATO returned to a focus on collective defence after 2014, Norway was more than ready for this change. In short, the defence concept that emerged around the millennium was short-lived and never really challenged the foundations the Norwegian Armed Forces rests on.
Otel İşletmelerinde Mesleki Eğitim Uygulamaları
Authors: Pamukçu Hüseyin , Tuncer Kurtuluş , Sevim Burhan
Published: June 2021

Turizm hareketlerine katılan kişi sayısıyla paralel ülkelerin turizmden sağladığı gelirin artması ile turizm arz eden ülkeler, turizm sektöründe istihdam edilen işgücünün eğitimine de önem vermişlerdir. Turizm arz eden ülkeler kendi eğitim politikaları doğrultusunda meslek eğitimlerini de şekillendirmiştir. Türkiye, 1986 yılında çıkardığı 3308 sayılı Mesleki Eğitim Kanunu ile mesleki eğitim ile ilgili bir dizi düzenleme yapmıştır. Kanun gelişen ihtiyaçlara cevap verebilmek için değişiklikler ve eklemeler ile güncellenmeye çalışılmıştır. Otelcilik ve turizm mesleği eğitimi de 3308 sayılı Kanun kapsamında değerlendirilerek, öğrencilerin pratik eğitimleri için işletmelerde meslek eğitimi uygulanmıştır. Bu araştırmada otel işletmelerinde meslek eğitimi uygulamaları incelenmiş ve işletmelerde beceri eğitim uygulamalarının mevcut durumunun tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda nitel yöntem görüşme formu tekniği ile katılımcıların işletmelerde mesleki eğitim konusundaki görüşleri alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda teorik eğitim ile uygulamalı eğitim arasında uyum problemi olduğu görülmüştür.
CATEGORIES “CONTENT” AND “FORM” IN ARBITRATION AND CIVIL PROCEDURAL LAW
Authors: SHERSTYUK V.M.
Published: June 2021

The article studies the interaction between the content and form of arbitration procedure and civil procedure institutions. The arising contradictions between the content and form of the institute can be solved in different ways – in particular, by the complete rejection of old forms that have ceased to correspond to the new content, or by the use of old forms significantly changed the content of the institute. Content plays a leading role in the interaction of these categories. However, this is not always the case. A form may also be an active beginning in constituting of the institution. This fact should be taken into account when planning future development of the area of law. The research has shown that there are formations in the area of law that do not correspond to the form of an institute in terms of their content, which should compel a legislator to improve procedural legislation by enriching the content of a structural subdivision.
NEW APPROACH TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF COURT COSTS IN CASES OF CHALLENGING THE RESULTS OF DETERMINING THE CADASTRAL VALUE
Authors: FILCHENKO D.G. , FILCHENKO I.G.
Published: June 2021

This study is determined by the theoretical and practical interest in the study of issues related to the protection of the rights of participants in transport obligations. The need for research is dictated by the direct needs of the subjects of the relevant legal relations in the actual exercise of rights, as well as in connection with the search for the most effective use of existing civil law forms of protection of violated rights of participants in transport obligations. Turning to general theoretical problems, in particular, to the concept of protection of rights, it is concluded that this is common to civil law and civil procedure. The authors state that the specifics of transport obligations determine the specifics of protecting the rights of their participants, where the main role is given to the non-jurisdictional form of protection. The authors pay special attention to the claims procedure for dispute settlement, supporting the position that this procedure is inter-industry in nature. At the same time, it is proposed to use other conciliation procedures along with the claim procedure (or after) before applying to the court, which, in turn, according to the authors, will allow building an effective system for protecting the violated rights of participants in transport obligations.
EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM USAHA PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN KELUARGA SEJAHTERA (UPPKS) UNTUK PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MISKIN
Authors: Mardhatillah Muntaha
Published: June 2021

BKKBN as an organizer of family empowerment of the government to create a program Families Economic Empowerment by forming a group container (UPPKS), which is in its implementation in the city of Padang Panjang still encountered a number of problems. The purpose of this research is to determine the level of program effectiveness (UPPKS) in empowering the poor in Padang Panjang city, here are also seen what obstacles are encountered during program implementation and what efforts can be made to overcome these obstacles. The method used in this research is mixed methods were used to measure the effectiveness of the UPPKS program using the model of evaluation CIPO by Stufflebeam, then to get deeper conclusions regarding the results of the study used qualitative methods through observation and interviews. The research findings indicate that the effectiveness program (UPPKS) for empowerment of the poor in Padang Panjang been effective with 70.55% good category. Although the implementation of the program UPPKS in accordance with existing procedures but has not been fully able to improve the welfare of its members. This can be seen with still found some constraints in implementation, obstacles encountered can be categorized into two forms of internal constraints and external constraints. Internal constraints such as: weak supervision of the program, the lack of capital coming from the government, coaching is not evenly distributed. External constraints such as: the use of aid funds is not maximized, the lack of creativity and innovation groups in finding and utilizing financial resources, delays in repayment of the loan. Efforts are made to overcome these obstacles is to involve family welfare III acted as a foster father in group, guidance, and constraints derived from program participants made efforts such as mentoring, conducting proactive system for members jammed in payments.
Dialektika Musik Tradisi atas Musik Modern pada Musik Hybrid di Keraton Yogyakarta
Authors: Sasongko Michael Hari , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: June 2021

Pemikiran modern bersifat anti-tradisi,akan tetapi di dalam musik Mars Tradisional Keraton Yogyakarta bertemu dan berdialektika dengan musik Barat (yang melahirkan pemikiran modern sejak Renaisans. Melalui metode dialektika ala Hegel yang dikembangkan Arato Gebhardt, pertemuan ini menghasilkan sintesis, yakni lagu hybridKeraton, baik instrumen maupun tangga nada dimana kedua unsur kebudayaan hadir bersamaan dalam sebuah pertunjukan musik. Dialektika ini pada hakikatnya adalah“rekonsiliasi”. ​Fenomena inimerupakan perjuangan atas "kesetaraan kekuasaan" sebagai strategi kebudayaan dalam menghadapi dominasi penjajah. Dominasi penjajah ini meliputi segala aspek dari ekonomi, politik, sosial, kebudayaan, dan sebagainya, yang membuat bangsa Indonesia (Boemi Poetera) tidak dapat bergerak.
Analyzing the Effects of Establishing Communication Towers on Real Estate Sale Prices in Residential Areas Case Study of Sulaimaniyah City Center
Authors:   Salahaddin University  Erbil, Kurdistan Region – Iraq, Smaqaey Ayoub , Ridha Dara ,   Ministry of Finance Erbil, Kurdistan Region - Iraq, Aydin Fatma ,   Yuzungu University - Turkey
Published: June 2021

The research aims to analyze and the statement the impact of establishing communication towers on the sale of residential real estate prices in the Sulaimaniyah city center. The goal of government regulation should be including regulations and environmental safety laws to protect citizens from the harmful and adverse effects of secreted by a human through the additions and changes of the environment. One aspect of the protection of the citizen is to be protected from adverse health effects resulting from communication towers. People have the right to choose the nature of the physical environment, as others should not impose it. The problem of communication towers considered as one of the main problems that have imposed on the people in Sulaimaniyah city center, which began to take a severe economic, social and health dimensions, affects the decision-making process in the real estate market. Moreover, consequently, this research analyzes the impact of the establishment of communication towers on the sale prices of residential property in Sulaimaniyah city center, the results of the research have confirmed a clear and adverse effect the communication towers on residential real estate prices in Sulaimaniyah city center. Besides the proof of this an excess of supply of real estate close to communication towers areas and the lack of demand for real estate in areas close to communication towers. Finally, the research commanded a range of important recommendations, such as necessity control the communication towers at the level of governments and companies, either at the companies’ level by choosing towers with low environmental impacts. Moreover, either at the government level to determine the location and conditions of the establishment of the communication towers, through legislation and laws of environmental protection and impose fees and raise awareness.
Customer Relationship Management Based on Business Intelligence : Proposed Framework
Authors:   College of Administration and Economics, Mosul University  Mosul - Iraq, Alyamani Alaa , Alsalem Mohammed ,   College of Administration and Economics, Mosul University  Mosul - Iraq
Published: June 2021

It is known currently that the processes of transaction and interaction in the various points and channels between the organization and their customers have resulted in huge amounts of data. These data have great importance if we analyzed properly. By analyzing these data can determine the appropriate ways of dealing with customers and identify their needs and preferences in order to enable the organizations to develop and maintain their relationships with them. Data storing and analytics technologies and applications such as business intelligence tools have been the major interest of researchers and practitioners due to the benefits that can provide for CRM applications. The purposes of this study are to discuss the usage of business intelligence in CRM in order to improve the activities of dealing with customers. As well as, this study proposed a general framework of CRM based on business intelligence technologies which can be applied in the clothing factory . An extensive review of literature has been conducted to identify trends and patterns of academic research in the context of usages business intelligence for CRM. The reviewed studies confirm the high importance of using business intelligence, and its main role in obtaining important insights and knowledge between large amounts of data.
Leadership Styles and organizational citizenship behaviour in secondary schools
Authors:   Cihan University-Erbil  Erbil, Kurdistan Region – Iraq, Hamdi Sameer , Jameel Alaa ,   Cihan University-Erbil  Erbil, Kurdistan Region – Iraq, Massoudi Aram ,   Cihan University-Erbil  Erbil, Kurdistan Region – Iraq, Ahmad Abd Rahman ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn  Malaysia
Published: June 2021

Leadership style has not been effectively examined in educational institution in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Leadership styles on organizational citizenship behaviour (OCBs) among secondary school teachers. Based on the review, the study proposed that leadership styles and its components; transformational leadership (TFL) and transactional leadership (TAL) will affect OCBs. Methodology, The population of this study, is secondary school teachers. A stratified sampling technique was deployed to collect 174 responses from eight schools. The findings showed that TFL and TAL have a significant effect on OCBs and TFL highly predicted OCBs than TAL. Decision-makers are advised to implement the TFL and increase the OCBs among Teachers.
Welfare Economics
Authors:   Weber Institute, Jedlina Zdroj - Poland, Rutkowska Malgorzata , Tutaj Jerzy ,   Weber Institute, Jedlina Zdroj - Poland, Pakulska Jolanta ,   Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University  Warsaw – Poland, Sulich Adam ,   Wroclaw University of Economics and Business  Wroclaw - Poland
Published: June 2021

Welfare Economics (WE) is an important scientific subject because can be a goal of the socio-economic policy of modern states. Although the relation between business successes and social development is not always obvious but can be similar to the process of seeking a balance between challenges and opportunities. An increasing number of enterprises understand the importance of socially responsible activities and their role in building a common WE based state. The result of such an approach is the fact that enterprises take into account all stakeholders’ interests and this became a permanent element of their strategies. This paper presents the literature review of fundamental concepts for the WE. Then two ideas the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Creating Shared Values (CSV) as the key elements of WE are presented and compared. Finally, scientific consideration is supported by an illustrative case study of a Japanese company operating in Poland, which leads towards conclusions. The main finding of this paper is a recommendation for companies to treat CSV as the next stage of development after they implemented CSR oriented strategies.
Is a Japanese yen a safe haven? Relationship between Japanese currency and financial market uncertainty
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences  Warsaw – Poland, Czech Katarzyna
Published: June 2021

Japan's low-interest rates made the country's currency the primary funding currency in carry trade speculative strategies. Investors' activity in carry trade strategies has an enormous impact on the foreign exchange market volatility. A large inflow of capital to countries with higher interest rates contributes to their currency appreciation, and, in turn, a large outflow of capital from countries with a low-interest rate leads to a significant depreciation of their currency. However, in times of crisis and high uncertainty in the financial markets, investors massively withdraw from the carry trade. They sell financial assets purchased in a country with higher interest rates and then repay loans taken in a country with low-interest rates. A sudden increase in the supply of a country's currency with higher interest rates leads to its depreciation. On the other hand, the rise in demand for a country's currency with low-interest rates leads to its appreciation. The Japanese yen is one of the most popular funding currency in the carry trade and thus tends to appreciate during crisis periods. The paper aims to investigate the relationship between Japanese yen value and financial market uncertainty measured by the Volatility Index VIX and St. Louis FED Financial Stress Index. Based on the component generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model CGARCH with asymmetric threshold term, it has been shown that the increase in financial markets uncertainty contributes to significant appreciation of the Japanese yen against the US dollar. It implies that the Japanese currency is an example of a safe-haven currency and can be applied to hedge financial stress for global equity investors.
Service-learning in English as a Second Language Teacher Training Program: Exploring Pre- service Teachers’ Authentic Learning Experiences
Authors: Nor Pazilah Fetylyana , Hashim Harwati , Md Yunus Melor
Published: June 2021

As the world we live in has become more digitalized, challenges are occurring left and right, especially in the education field. In gaining quality teachers, there is a need to train future educators to have the ability to adapt to the ever-changing technology and global changes. However, pre-service teachers often seem unprepared and unable to adapt to changes. Hence, implementing service-learning in the teacher training program is vital as it provides the opportunity to engage and experience 21st-century real classroom lessons. Service-learning has also been proven to be an effective approach in training pre-service teachers. This paper aims to investigate the perceptions of pre-service teachers toward service-learning in terms of authentic learning experiences. It highlights how the implementation of service-learning approach in learning to teach writing in a second language context facilitates pre-service teachers in terms of authentic experience. A qualitative method was conducted to investigate the authentic learning experiences among 54 pre-service teachers in a public university in Malaysia. Data were collected through open-ended questions. Based on this study, the findings showed that the pre-service teachers could experience the real-life environment of teaching and learning and applying educational theories learned. They were also able to obtain hands-on experience in interacting with the students and marking their sample essays. It is hoped that future teachers and educational organizations can benefit from understanding the benefits of service-learning in teacher training programs. Future researchers could investigate the challenges of service-learning in teacher training programs.
Strategies of Teaching Writing at Saudi Tertiary-Level Institutions: Reality and Expectations
Authors: Abkar Alkodimi Khaled , Mohammed Hassan Al-Ahdal Arif Ahmed
Published: June 2021

Teaching writing in English is a particularly daunting task for EFL teachers. Much of it concerns teaching accuracy in text production, development and thought expression which is usually not the teachers’ stated aim. Thus, teachers’ perceptions to the teaching of writing and the actual classroom practices need examination, which is the aim of this study, a prerequisite to recommending pedagogical changes to bridge the gap that exists between educational aims and outcomes so far as the teaching of writing to EFL learners in Saudi tertiary level educational institutions is concerned. The study applies a quantitative approach via a survey conducted with one hundred EFL teachers at Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMBSIU, henceforth), Qassim University and King Khaled University, Saudi Arabia. Results suggest that inadequate English resources and inefficient teaching methods are, in general, the main causes of poor writing skills. Further, the teachers perceive limited lexis, irregular sentences, and orthographical differences with the mother tongue as impediments in the learners’ ability to write well in English. The study concludes with some pertinent recommendations to remedy the situation.
CFD Analysis on Francis Turbine to Analyse Erosion Wear Due to Sediment Flow
Authors: Yadav Uttam Singh , Vishwakarma Shravan , Mishra Jitendra
Published: June 2021

In present work Computational fluid dynamics analysis based erosion wear prediction is performed for Francis turbine components, especially the runner. For the geometrical parameters, Francis turbine model with steady state condition and viscous flow turbulence SST model using ANSYS Fluent. The erosion effect on all the three component such as spiral casing, runner & draft tube has been studied for different concentration of sand particles from 1% - 6%. For each of those concentration the effect of variation in size has been studied for different sizes 10 ?m - 80 ?m. Further the effect of total erosion was also analyzed for different particle size. Erosion damage is found close to the upper and lower portions of the leading edge of the stay vane. some erosion spots at guide vane on the blade pressure side where suction side has minimum erosion. Maximum erosion damage observed on runner especially at the middle of the blade. The draft tube situated closer to runner having highest velocity due to high absolute velocity of water coming out from the runner does not produce any serious erosion effect. Results shows that erosion rate is maximum on runner at particle size 80 ?m for all sand concentration 1% to 6%  and minimum at 30 ?m. Thus, 30 ?m is the optimum size of sand particles for the erosion.
Imaginarios sociales a través de las representaciones sociales de dos grupos, establecidos y recién llegados en el Municipio de Zumpango, en el Estado de México. Estudio de caso en cuatro localidades
Authors:   , Barrera Hernández Israel Omar
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo de investigación busca comprender cuáles son los imaginarios y las representaciones sociales de los habitantes de Zumpango, Estado de México un municipio de la periferia de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México, que tras un boom inmobiliario que gradualmente a transformado el espacio urbano del municipio en las últimas décadas, ha repercutido en cambios en la subjetividad de sus habitantes. Nuestro estudio es de orden cualitativo, más no excluye la comprensión de nuestro fenómeno desde una perspectiva general del crecimiento de esta demarcación mexiquense. Para conseguir nuestro objetivo principal, que es el de comprender los imaginarios y las representaciones sociales de los habitantes de esta demarcación, tanto de los establecidos como de los recién llegados, nos dimos a la tarea de primero, dar un marco teórico conceptual que nos ayudó a establecer conceptos aproximativos tanto de representaciones como de imaginarios sociales; seguido de esto, realizamos una ruta teórica donde a partir de los ejes analíticos: tiempo, espacio, alteridad y emociones accedimos al trabajo de campo; este, lo realizamos entre el 2018 y hasta finales del 2019. En el trabajo de campo pudimos hacer entrevistas semiestructuradas a partir de los tópicos de nuestra ruta de análisis y comprender parte de las representaciones e imaginarios sociales que los habitantes del municipio de Zumpango tienen entorno al lugar que habitan, su experiencia del lugar, como las miradas mutuas entre un grupo y otro. Después damos cuenta de los imaginarios sociales que hemos podido comprender como son los de la casa propia (Lindón, 2005), el buen lugar para vivir, los del miedo y los imaginarios temporales; de cada una de estas construcciones significativas veremos que representaciones sociales nos ayudan a comprenderlos e incluso como algunas son compartidas por los distintos grupos. Al comprender los diferentes imaginarios sociales en función de nuestros ejes analíticos, damos cuenta de cómo estos no solo son múltiples y están en constante pugna; veremos también, las diversas formas en que develan prácticas cotidianas, expectativas, recuerdos, memorias, etiquetas, modos de vida, formas de ver a los otros, entre otros elementos que veremos a lo largo del estudio de caso. En síntesis, este trabajo busca hacer una aportación al campo de los estudios sobre representaciones e imaginarios sociales de la periferia metropolitana de la Ciudad de México y quizá de otras periferias urbanas con similares contextos. Asimismo, ofrece la forma en como mediante el análisis sociológico podemos comprender parte del horizonte simbólico de una sociedad como la del estudio.
Caracterización de sistemas de enfriamiento evaporativo indirecto en cubiertas para obtener confort higrotérmico en edificaciones en climas cálido-húmedos
Authors:   , Carrillo Salas Eréndira Anais
Published: June 2021

In the area of architectural design, the current environmental problem in the world due to global warming because of the high consumption of conventional energy has generated concern for conducting research, where the main objective is to reduce energy consumption. In the Mexican Republic, 88% of electricity consumption is provided to the residential sector and is mainly used in air conditioning systems, since 27% of the country has hot or tropical climate conditions. The bioclimatic architectural design allows, through passive systems, to provide comfort conditions inside the buildings without the use of active systems and, in the case of hot climates, there are different techniques to obtain cooling in living spaces. This research addresses passive cooling techniques to reduce energy consumption in hot-humid climates where the objective was to characterize different indirect evaporative cooling strategies. The work was carried out in the City of Merida on physical scale models where different cooling strategies were implemented in the roof based on the roof-pond system, modifying the materials. In Experiment 1 water was used and in Experiment 2 a phase change material (coconut oil) encapsulated in a 6 mm polycarbonate plate was placed. Measurements were made for 20 days in periods of low and overheating; and in the case of coconut oil, the most unfavorable period was considered, the period of overheating. The results showed that the five cooling systems, both with the use of water and with encapsulated coconut oil, showed a reduction of the TBS inside the investigated spaces. Module 5 however is the experiment that showed the best results reducing its DBT by 3.7 K (water) and 4.9 K (coconut oil).
Az egyenlőtlenségek alapvető társadalmi okai és az elmélet alkalmazási lehetőségei az egészségügyi szakpolitikákban
Authors: Csizmadia Péter
Published: June 2021

Az egyenlőtlenségek alapvető társadalmi okairól szóló elmélet alapján azt mondhatjuk, hogy olyan szakpolitika szükséges, amely az egyéni aktivitás és felelősségre alapozó felfogás helyett az egyén környezetét és életkörülményeit befolyásolni képes társadalmi szereplők tevékenységét próbálja elérni, így csökkentve a társadalomban jelen lévő egészségegyenlőtlenségek mértékét.
Effect of ultraviolet-C light on the environmental bacterial bioburden in various veterinary facilities
Authors: Browne Katrina L. , Crowley James D. , Tan Christopher J. , O'Sullivan Christopher B. , Walsh William R.
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

To determine the effect of a mobile UV-C disinfection device on the environmental bacterial bioburden in veterinary facilities.

SAMPLES

40 swab samples of surfaces from the operating theaters of 3 veterinary hospitals and 1 necropsy laboratory.

PROCEDURES

Various surfaces were swabbed, and collected material was eluted from the swabs in PBSS. Then, an aliquot of the sample fluid was processed with a bacteria-specific rapid metabolic assay to quantify bacterial bioburden. Each site was then treated with UV-C light with an automated disinfection device for approximately 45 minutes. The same surfaces were swabbed following UV-C treatment, and bioburden was quantified. The bioburden at additional time points, including after a second UV-C treatment, was determined for the small animal operating theater.

RESULTS

All surfaces at all sites had a persistent viable bacterial population following manual cleaning. Disinfection with UV-C achieved a mean bioburden reduction of 94% (SD, 5.2%; range, 91% to 95%) for all surfaces, compared with manual disinfection alone. Repeated UV-C treatment of the small animal operating theater reduced mean bioburden by 99% (SD, 0.8%), including no detectable bacteria on 4 of 10 surfaces.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Disinfection with UV-C light may be a beneficial adjunct method for terminal disinfection of veterinary operating theaters to reduce environmental bioburden.
The Effect of Intellectual Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence on Competence and Employees Performances
Authors: Wahyu Maulid Adha Darman Darman,
Published: June 2021

This study aims to test the relationship and influence between intellectual intelligence and emotional intelligence towards competency and performance and partially test both variables. The object of this study was a civil servant at the inspectorate office in Gorontalo province with a sample of 150 respondents by spreading questioner online. This study also uses structural equation technique with data analysis using SEM-PLS. The results showed that intellectual intelligence variables positively and significantly influence employees' competence and performance. On the other hand, emotional intelligence does not have a significant effect on employee performance. This research can reference relevant agencies in looking at the relationship between intellectual intelligence and emotional intelligence to employees' competence and performance to take the right policies. This research in the design is static. The model that we developed based on empirical studies and testing is limited to establishing simple relationships related to intellectual intelligence and emotional intelligence variables that can affect employees' competence and performance.
The Effect of ODOI On Innovative Work Behavior and Employee Performance
Authors: Aprih Santoso Luhgiatno, Widaryanti,
Published: June 2021

The research objective is to develop optimal distinctive open innovation (ODOI) concepts, propositions and indicators as well as to test them empirically. ODOI was formed using a synthesis method of two concepts, namely optimal characteristics, derivatives of social identity theory, and open innovation derived from innovation theory. Quantitative empirical testing using SEM on primary data, the PTS lecturers in the LLDIKTI VI Central Java environment were 190 respondents. The test results show that ODOI is able to mediate the effect of innovative work behavior on improving employee work performance. Innovative work behavior has an effect on increasing ODOI and has an effect on improving employee work performance. ODOI has an effect on improving employee work performance.
The Effect of Work Experience and OHS on Tax Office Staff’s Performance
Authors: Yuni Betti Mariani Agus Bandiyono, Renzo Ilham Ryandhi
Published: June 2021

This research aims to see the effect of work experience and occupational health and safety (OHS) on the staff’s performance at the Tax Service Office (KPP). In this study, the research took place at KPP Madya Palembang and KPP Minyak dan Gas Bumi. The research method used is quantitative research. The population in this study were all staff at KPP Madya Palembang and KPP Minyak dan Gas Bumi totaling 70 people. Sampling using Slovin with a standard error of 10%. The data collection techniques used were interview and questionnaire techniques. The data were processed using multiple linear regression analysis models with the help of the SPSS program. From the research results, it is known that work experience and occupational safety and health have a positive and significant effect on the staff’s performance of the tax service office.
Prevalence of Fasciola spp. Among Slaughtered Livestock in Zakho City, Duhok Governorate - Iraq
Authors: Abdullah Nerway Chira , Mohammed Salih Mero Wijdan , B. Mohammed Ahmed
Published: June 2021

Fascioliasis is one of the most common neglected zoonotic disease caused by Fasciola species. The current study was conducted during January to December 2019,in which five districts were selected in various parts of Duhok governorates which differ in their environmental and geographical conditions they included: Duhok city, Zakho, Shelidiza, Aqrah and Bardarash. Each slaughter house was visited once monthly to determine the rate of fascioliasis among domestic animals; cattle, sheep and goats. The infected livers were examined grossly and the bile duct and gall bladder were inspected for the presence of Fasciola species, the work was performed in Parasitology Laboratory, Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, Zakho University. Fascioliasis was diagnosed in 2.0% (195/9757) of total slaughtered livestock, with the highest rate of infection in cattle which was 3.27% (66/2021), followed by sheep 1.76% (122/6932) and the lowest in goats 0.87% (7/804). Slightly higher prevalence rate from positive cases was found in local livestock compared to imported one (2.10% versus 1.88%).
According to gender, males showed higher prevalence than females (2.08% versus 1.08%). Regarding Fasciola species, among sheep and goats; the prevalence of F. hepatica was higher than Fasciola gigantica. While among cattle, F. gigantica was the most common species. With respect to parasite burden, the heaviest burden was recorded in 38.46% (20-100 flukes/liver) of slaughtered livestock with the heaviest being in sheep (55.74%), followed by goats (71.43%) while lightest burden was recorded in cattle in 62.12% (1-10 flukes/liver). Most of the liver flukes were recovered from the bile ducts (67.69 %), followed by gall bladder (21.54%) and the least (10.77%) from both the bile ducts and gall bladder.
Examining Dentistry College Students' Recognition of the Semantic/Pragmatic Function of Hedges in English Scientific Writing
Authors: Jamel Hivee khaled
Published: June 2021

One of the most importantcharacteristics of English scientific writing is the use of cautious language, known as “hedging”. A proper awareness of their use and function is crucial to scientific precision, scientific integrity, and author-reader relationship. However, EFL college students face difficulties in recognizing hedging devices in academic writing. The present study aimed at examining the recognition of a scientific college final year students of the semantic/ pragmatic function of hedges in scientific English writing to answer the research question of whether they are able to perform satisfactorily in such a sensitive area as that of science, bearing in mind that they are supposed to be advanced students who have been instructed in scientific English for five years.For that purpose, final year students of the academic year 2020-2021, from the College of Dentistry were chosen. The total number of participants was 71 students. The study followed the quantitative method for its design, used as its instrument a close-ended questionnaire, and employed the SPSS for data analysis.The study showed that the students did not perform satisfactorily; a finding which calls for concern and implies that an explicit instruction in English scientific writing is needed. The study concluded that more attention should be directed towards teaching this aspect in scientific English in order to prepare the students to better deal with the requirements of academic/ scientific writing.