bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTINES OF COMIC STRIPS AND TEXT IN TEACHING NARRATIVE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: RAHAYU SITI
Published: March 2023

This lesson is intended to investigate the effectiveness of using comic strips in improving students' reading comprehension in narrative texts. The learning analysis observed that the use of comics as a reading activity in the classroom was interesting and motivating for students. Besides that, in the journal the effects of comic strips used on reading comprehension of EFL students it was found that using comic strips led to high student performance. And to achieve the objectives of this research, a Quasi-Experimental research model is used. Data was collected from students of SMPN 41 grades 8A & 8B in Jakarta. Taking two classes, each consisting of 40 students and divided into experimental and control groups. Several tools such as pre-test, post-test are used to collect data. From the findings, it shows that the effectiveness of comic strips has succeeded in increasing students' reading comprehension as indicated by statistical scores in the post test of the experimental group (M = 73.56), SE (1.354), and the post test of the control group (ordinary) (M = 68.00 ), SE (1.506). At the end of the study, the Experiment Group made significant progress compared to the control group.
ABSTRAKPembelajaran ini ditujukan untuk menginvestigasi keefektifan penggunaan potongan komik dalam meningkatkan pemahaman membaca siswa dalam teks Naratif. Analisis pembelajaran mengobservasi bahwa penggunaan komik sebagai activitas membaca di ruangan kelas menjadi menarik dan memotivasi siswa. Disamping itu, dalam jurnal efek potongan komik yang digunakan di pemahaman membaca dari siswa EFL ditemukan bahwa menggunakan potongan komik menjadikan tingginya performence siswa. Dan untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian ini, model penelitian Quasi-Experimental dipergunakan. Data dikumpulkan dari siswa SMPN 41 kelas 8A & 8B di Jakarta. Mengambil dua kelas yang masing – masing terdiri dari 40 siswa dan terbagi ke dalam kelompok eksperimen dan control. Beberapa alat seperti pre-test, post-test digunakan untuk mengkoleksi data. Dari temuan, ini menunjukkan bahwa keefektifan dari potongan komik sukses meningkatkan pemahaman membaca siswa sebagai indikasi oleh skor statisitik dalam post test dari kelompok ekperiment (M= 73.56), SE (1.354), dan post test dari kelompok control (biasa) (M=68.00), SE (1.506). Di akhir pembelajaran, Kelomok Experiment mengalami kemajuan secara signifikan dibanding kelompok komtrol.
EVALUASI USABILITY WEBSITE TROBOS AQUA MENGGUNAKAN METODE HEURISTIC EVALUATION
Authors: Praja Muhammad Mahendra Poetra , Nurmasari Ratih , Ramadhani Zhafira Alifia
Published: March 2023

TROBOS Aqua magazine is a media that contains various information about marine agribusiness and fisheries. The creation of TROBOS Aqua is a reason related to the form of commitment and also a clear manifestation of the progress of marine and fishery agribusiness. The emergence of this national media is also a form of breakthrough among other agribusiness publications. TROBOS Aqua magazine created a website to make it easier to get information related to Indonesian marine and fishery agribusiness. The purpose of the TROBOS Aqua website is to invite all readers and all parties to pay more attention, observe and provide criticism and suggestions for the benefit of advancing agribusiness development in the marine and fisheries sector in Indonesia. In using a good website, an evaluation is carried out on the website in order to find out the problems that exist on the website. The purpose of doing research on the TROBOS Aqua website is to evaluate the problems that exist on the website and redesign the evaluation results with the Heuristic Evaluation method.
STUDI KORELASI PENGGUNAAN VIDEO GAME DENGAN KESEHATAN PLAYER SAAT PANDEMI DI KOTA BATAM DENGAN PENDEKATAN MULTI-METODE
Authors: Pratama Jimmy , Novianto
Published: March 2023

In early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic that swept across the world created disruption in life. COVID-19 is transmitted between people in proximity so physical (or social) distance is the main measure to reduce its spread. Lockdowns and quarantines due to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to an increase in video game players. The emergence of the trend of playing video games as one of the main ways of recreation has incited curiosity about the potential effects of playing video games on mental and physical health. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between video games and exercise on mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Batam city. The difference between this study and previous research is that there is yet any research that analyzes the correlation between the use of video games and exercise on health, especially mental well-being. The research used mixed quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative analysis used in this study was multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 26 program. The qualitative analysis was carried out by codification where the researcher categorizes answers from thematic analysis using NVivo (International QSR). Based on the results, it can be concluded that Exercise and Video Games have a positive correlation to Mental Well-Being. From the results of qualitative data, the researcher also identified a good impact from the use of Video Games towards Mental Well-Being.
DEVELOPMENT OF TRACER INFORMATION SYSTEM ON MEDICAL RECORD DOCUMENT
Authors: Susilo Beny Binarto Budi , Musparlin Halid  , Ikhwan
Published: March 2023

The information system was based on existing problems. This information system was computerized where borrowing and returning medical records is no longer manual. The purpose of the information system was to make it easier for officers to record, borrow and return. This model of tracer information system development for medical record files uses the waterfall method which includes requirements analysis and definition, system and design software, for the next stage, namely Implementation and unit testing and operation and maintenance, which is not carried out.
DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENT LEARNING MEDIA BASED ON MEDICAL RECORD INFORMATION SYSTEM
Authors: Musparlin Halid  , Yulandita Aria , Ikhwan
Published: March 2023

In order to improve the quality and quantity of the learning process, the Medical Records Laboratory has supporting facilities, so that each student can carry out the practice of managing medical record documents and information in accordance with their competence. Information technology-based information systems are currently not available in the Medical Records Laboratory, so that when students do practicum it is not effective and efficient, therefore the availability of information technology-based information systems needs to exist. This study aims to determine the design of information systems, and build a medical record laboratory information system at Medica Farma Husada Mataram Polytechnic, including: Old and alternative system design, Database Design, ERD (Entity Relational Diagram), UML (Unified Modeling Language) Design, Interface Implementation. This research is qualitative research using the waterfall method. The results showed that the hierarchy of the information system for the Medical Records Laboratory of the Medica Farma Husada Mataram Polytechnic was made by the Php program and was also accompanied by the use of a MySQL database integrated with a good security system. The process consists of Patient Registration, Polyclinic Data Collection, Doctor Data Collection, Drug Data Collection, and the Output consists of Patient data reports, Print Out Pasie data, Polyclinic data reports, Doctor data reports, Drug Data Reports. The conclusion of this research is that the design of an information system-based Medical Records Laboratory consists of 3 menus, namely patients, doctors and medical records officers.
MAPPING THE DISTRIBUTION OF MANGROVES IN SERANG REGENCY USING REMOTE SENSING (CASE STUDY OF PULAU PANJANG)
Authors: Amel Amelia Luthfi Kamil , Minsaris La Ode Alam , Lestari Della Ayu
Published: March 2023

Mangroves are a multifunctional coastal ecosystem in coastal areas. Mangrove ecosystems can adapt to extreme coastal conditions, but are highly vulnerable to hazards such as regional degradation, species degradation, conflicts of interest, exploitation, and excessive mangrove use. Remote identification can help obtain the latest data related to the area of mangrove areas with time criteria and coverage of certain areas. The remote sensing used is Google Earth Engine (GEE). This study aims to be able to determine changes in the area of mangrove distribution and the level of density of mangrove ecosystems on Panjang Island, Serang Regency for the last 5 years from 2017 to 2021. The results of the distribution of mangrove areas in the span of 5 years from 2017 to 2021 the mangrove area on Panjang Island experienced a decrease in mangrove area by 5.47 ha. The level of mangrove density on Panjang island in the 5-year period from 2017 to 2021 is classified as a very rare mangrove density category.
Espace, production et formes urbaines
Authors: MIGNOT Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2023

La ville est un artefact et, à ce titre, elle est produite : elle apparaît donc à la fois comme le résultat d’un mode de production mais dans le même temps et en retour comme une production de l’espace que vient combler cette artefact. La ville revêt donc les oripeaux des conditions de production qui lui ont donné vie et sens. Avec le rapport Meadow, émerge le concept de ville durable consécutif à la prise de conscience des risques encourus par l’évolution des régimes d’accumulation et devient ainsi un horizon qui s’impose.
Principes généraux de la gestion de crise
Authors: VINET Freddy , LEVRAUT Anne-Marie
Published: March 2023

La gestion de crise associe communément trois éléments : la planification de crise, autrement dit la définition anticipée d’une organisation, des exercices pour former les personnes et tester cette organisation, et l’anticipation des ressources nécessaires aux missions de sauvegarde, de sauvetage et de rétablissement (ravitaillement alimentaire de la population, hébergement, ravitaillement en matériaux, etc.). La gestion de crise nécessite la construction d’une confiance réciproque entre acteurs institutionnels et privés, entre gestionnaires et populations, entre professionnels de la gestion de crise et population, entre experts et politiques.
Les apprentissages de la gestion de crise
Authors: VINET Freddy , CHEVALLIER Alain , LAMSSALAK Hoilid , LAPIERRE Dimitri
Published: March 2023

La complexification des crises, l’émergence d’une ingénierie de gestion de crise, le nombre croissant d’acteurs, la multiplication des outils (alerte, planification, etc.) nécessite un apprentissage de la gestion de crise, tant pour les gestionnaires eux-mêmes que pour les populations exposées. La gestion de crise ne s’improvise pas, elle s’apprend, par la réunion dans l’apprentissage, des experts du territoire que sont les responsables des communautés locales, parfois les habitants eux-mêmes et les experts de la gestion de crise rompus à l’exercice.
Reconstruire après une catastrophe : enjeux et ressources
Authors: MOATTY Annabelle
Published: March 2023

Le processus de reconstruction mobilise des fonds et des énergies considérables sur des périodes généralement assez longues. La reconstruction peut être entendue comme une opportunité de repenser le développement d’une société afin de la rendre moins vulnérable, plus équitable et de mettre en place une utilisation des ressources plus durable. Pourtant en dépit de prises de décision politiques fortes, les changements s’opèrent à la marge et l’on observe une persistance des structures existantes dans leur globalité. En termes spatio-temporels, la reconstruction n’est ni uniforme ni homogène, et l’on constate des variations locales de temporalités depuis l’échelle individuelle jusqu’à celle des quartiers et des groupes sociaux.
Rupture technologique et enjeux économiques
Authors: TEULIER Régine , BAGIEU Marie
Published: March 2023

Ce chapitre traite des enjeux économiques du BIM, et sa nature comme innovation technologique pour le secteur de la construction : rupture technologique ou évolution ? L’hypothèse de qualifier le BIM comme rupture technologique est retenue et argumentée. Les différentes évaluations de la maturité du BIM sont présentées et leur utilisation relativisée avec les nouvelles normes et l’openBIM.
Ingénierie 3D et gestion du cycle de vie de produits manufacturés
Authors: EYNARD Benoît , DURUPT Alexandre , BRICOGNE Matthieu , LE DUIGOU Julien
Published: March 2023

L’évolution de la conception multidisciplinaire numérisée s’est produite avec deux décennies d’avance pour le génie mécanique et l’industrie manufacturière, par rapport à celle que connait le génie civil et urbain. L’éclairage qui en est fait ici permet de l’interroger avec recul. Chaque concept, outil ou méthode sont définis et précisés en les situant les uns par rapport aux autres.
Approches pour la modélisation des systèmes complexes
Authors: ROXIN Ana , CASTAING Christophe
Published: March 2023

UML est utilisé pour modéliser les données de systèmes complexes comme les projets d’infrastructures (normes ISO 8000). L’analyse orientée-objet gérait l’héritage, UM utilise la classe comme descripteur pour un ensemble d’objets aux mêmes caractéristiques. Les ontologies décrivent un univers par des classes et des propriétés et permettent la définition des dictionnaires et d’autres ressources intégrées (glossaires) dans un BIM.
Le BIM et le Lean Construction
Authors: KOSKELA Lauri , TALEBI Saeed , TEZEL Algan , TZORTZOPOULOS Patricia
Published: March 2023

Présentation d’une analyse de la synergie relativement récemment mise en évidence entre les processus BIM et Lean et qui est en constante évolution, car vouée à se développer. Une mise en perspective réciproque des contributions du BIM au Lean et du Lean au BIM sont présentées respectivement dans la conception, la construction et la maintenance des ouvrages.
BIM et SIG : complémentarité et convergence
Authors: HALBOUT Hervé , ROBIDA François , A. JADIDI Mojgan
Published: March 2023

La continuité digitale est l’objectif à rechercher dans un contexte où les données peuvent désormais être acquises de façon numérique liant un ouvrage à son territoire. Les travaux des différentes institutions largement décrits ici, permettent d’éclairer l’évolution des normes et des formats d’échanges, qui sont la concrétisation des convergences et complémentarités du SIG et du BIM.
Fine-Scale Hurricane Boundary Layer Structure
Authors: Kosiba Karen , Wurman Josh
Published: March 2023

In order to characterize the hurricane boundary layer structures over a range of hurricane intensities, the Doppler on Wheels radars (DOWs) deployed in several hurricanes during the 2020 season, obtaining both dual-Doppler and rapid single-Doppler observations in the boundary layer of landfalling hurricanes. Results will be presented from three hurricanes:  Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Sally, and Hurricane Delta. These results will be discussed in the context of standard hurricane wind models.

Two DOWs targeted landfalling Category 4 Hurricane Laura. The DOWs deployed in southwestern Louisiana during landfall.  As is usual, the DOW radars operated in the most intense wind regions of the hurricane, collecting fine-scale, near-surface data in the eyewall near landfall.  The dual-DOW baseline was a very short ~6.3 km, providing ~60 m spatial resolution in the center of the dual-Doppler lobes. Anemometer data at 1 Hz were collected from DOW masts ~8-10 m above radar level (ARL). Laura is the 1st ever fine-scale dual-Doppler deployment sampling the HBL and eyewall in a Category 4 hurricane at landfall.   

Single-Doppler radar data were collected in Hurricanes Sally and Delta.  This allowed for the two-dimensional quantification rapidly evolving of boundary layer structures.  An array of surface based instruments, including a prototype, “POLENET”, which attaches existing infrastructure, allowing for a customizable observation level, were deployed in Hurricane Delta in order to correlate observations at radar level with surface observations.  Using corrections based on turbulence statistics and roughness lengths, a reduction factor was derived for the radar winds, allowing  for comparison between radar level winds and winds observed at 1, 2, and 10 m.  

The HBL is comprised of coherent structures that are potentially responsible for significant transport of turbulent fluxes throughout the HBL as well as regions of enhanced damage at the surface.  These coherent structures are not well understood and consequently their effects are poorly represented in numerical models.  In order to characterize the HBL structures over a range of hurricane intensities, DOWs deployed in several hurricanes during the 2020 season, obtaining both dual-Doppler and rapid single-Doppler observations in the boundary layer of landfalling hurricanes.
The Flexible Array of Radars and Mesonets (FARM)
Authors: Wurman Joshua , Kosiba Karen , Trapp Jeff , Nesbitt Steve
Published: March 2023

The Flexible Array of Radars and Mesonets (FARM) Facility is an extensive mobile/quickly-deployable (MQD) multiple-Doppler radar and in-situ instrumentation network hosted by the University of Illinois, with a design focus on obtaining targeted observations in Severe Local Storms. 

The FARM comprises four mobile / quickly-deployable radars: two X-band dual-polarization, dual-frequency (DPDF) , Doppler On Wheels DOW6/DOW7, the Rapid-Scan DOW (RSDOW), and a quickly-deployable (QD) DPDF C-band On Wheels (COW).

The FARM also includes 3 mobile mesonet (MM) vehicles with 3.5-m masts, an array of rugged  QD weather stations (PODNET), QD weather stations deployed on infrastructure such as light/power poles (POLENET), four disdrometers, six MQD upper air sounding systems and a Mobile Operations and Repair Center (MORC).

The FARM’s integration of radar, in situ, and sounding systems provides robust kinematic, thermodynamic, and microphysical observations.  Components of FARM (previously called the DOW Facility)  have deployed to >30 projects during 1995-2022 in North and South America and Europe (including COPS and MAP), obtaining pioneering observations of a myriad of small spatial scale and short temporal scale phenomena including tornadoes, hurricanes, lake-effect snow storms, aircraft-affecting turbulence, convection initiation, microbursts, intense precipitation systems, boundary layer structures and evolution, airborne hazardous substances, coastal storms, wildfires and wildfire suppression efforts, weather modification effects, and mountain/alpine winds and precipitation.

This poster will focus on the design, capabilities, and most recent updates to the FARM Facility, including very recent and anticipated future missions, including LEE (2022-2023), PERILS-2022 and 2023, ICE-CHIP (2024-2025), CROCUS (2024-2026), Tornado Structure Study (2023-2024), CREST 2025.  

Proposed major upgrades to the FARM targeted observing network, including the S-Band On Wheels NETWORK (SOW-NET) replacing large stationary S-band research radars, and the Bistatic Adaptable Radar Network (BARN) will be summarized.

 
Analysis of Tornadic Storm in Southern Moravia on 24th June 2021 Based on Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar and Lightning Detection Data
Authors: Novak Petr , Kyznarová Hana
Published: March 2023

On 24th June 2021 a devastating F4 tornado occurred in southern Moravia (SE of Czechia) that directly caused 6 fatalities and about 200 injuries. Approximately 200 houses and buildings out of about 1200 damaged ones had to be torn down. It has been the most severe tornado in modern history of Czechia.

Besides other data sources, the event was captured by C-band polarimetric Doppler radars of the Czech Weather Radar Network (CZRAD) as well by the LINET lightning detection network. Contribution will present analysis of these data and discuss their utilization in operational severe storm nowcasting in the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. Operational nowcasting algorithm CELLTRACK for convective storm nowcasting and web-based application JSMeteoView2 for radar and lightning data analysis and display will be introduced.

The pronounced Doppler radar signatures of supercell storms like the hook echo, bounded weak echo region and the mesocyclone signature will be shown together with signatures derived from the polarimetric radar moments such as RHOHV ring, ZDR arc/ring or KDP column.

Contribution will also present comparison of various radar and lightning characteristics of tornadic storm with characteristics of all other storms identified over Czech Weather Radar Network domain by the CELLTRACK nowcasting algorithm during the investigated period of 24th June 2021.
Identifying predictors of large hail, severe convective wind gusts, and tornadoes across Europe and North America: towards the development of global convective hazard models.
Authors: Battaglioli Francesco , Pucik Tomas , Groenemeijer Pieter , Taszarek Mateusz
Published: March 2023

The development of additive logistic regression models (AR-CHaMo) for large hail, severe convective wind gusts, and F1 or stronger tornadoes for Europe and parts of North America allowed us to identify how the best predictors vary among different threats and different forecast domains. The best predictors were identified using the variance explained, based on the skill of logistic models for individual parameters as well as on investigating pairs of different parameters and their relation to hazard frequency.

For the models, we have chosen predictors that perform well over both domains and could thus be used to develop a global convective hazard model. In the case of large hail, CAPE was found to be a better predictor across Europe than across North America, where mid-tropospheric lapse rates discriminate better between environments with and without large hail. We found that CAPE below the -10 °C level was a skillful predictor in both domains. For severe convective wind gusts, it was found that they occurred with lower CAPE and lower amounts of absolute moisture in Europe than in North America. Height of the LCL or a parameter that predicts the cold pool strength worked better in Europe than in North America. Strong mean wind in the bottom troposphere was found among the best predictors of severe wind gusts in both domains. Regional differences among the best predictors were also found for F1 and stronger tornadoes, even though the amount of SRH in the lower troposphere is universally a skillful predictor.

We applied models using the best predictors of large hail across North America and Europe to the ERA-5 reanalysis to obtain a global model of large hail hazard. Then, we compare the model to existing hail climatologies worldwide and discuss its limitations and potential improvements.
State-of-the-art Total Column Water Vapour Retrievals for Improved Characterization of Pre-convective Environments 
Authors: El Kassar Jan Riad , Carbajal Henken Cintia , Preusker Rene
Published: March 2023

Observations of total column water vapour (TCWV) play an integral role in advancing our understanding and nowcasting of convective initiation, convective cloud development and associated severe weather phenomena. Since most water vapour is accumulated in the lower levels, recently, TCWV has gained even more research interest and applications in nowcasting and storm intensification research.

We present a TCWV retrieval that is sensitive to the lowest level moisture which is based on satellite observations in the near-infrared (NIR) and thermal infrared (TIR). The NIR part is based on the Copernicus Sentinel-3 OLCI Water Vapour product (COWa) retrieval framework for Sentinel 3 Ocean and Land Colour Imager (OLCI) measurements at the rho-sigma-tau water vapour absorption peak (900nm) and provides clear-sky daytime TCWV fields at 300 m resolution. The TIR part is based on the split window technique at 11 and 12 micron and is applied to measurements from the the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) and provides clear-sky TCWV fields at a spatial resolution of several km every 15 minutes.

Both algorithms and their combination will be adaptable to any sensor with bands in these spectral regions, this includes the new Meteosat Third Generation Flexible Combind Imager (MTG-FCI). For work towards this adaptation, the synergy of measurements from OLCI and the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) are used as a stand-in. First processed scenes show that the combination of NIR and TIR provide a significant improvement over the use of only TIR or NIR-measurements over land and water surfaces, respectively.

As a first application, the spatial information from the OLCI TCWV fields is combined with the temporal information from the SEVIRI TCWV time series to characterize TCWV variability in pre-convective environments in Germany. To this end, several years of both TCWV fields and Nowcasting and Very Short Range Forecasting Satellite Application Facility (NWCSAF) convective cloud products have been processed, combined and analyzed. Future TCWV retrievals from MTG-FCI will further improve spatio-temporal resolution and availability and advance accompanying applications, such as detection of CI and assimilation in Numerical Weather Prediction models.
Meteosat Third Generation Flexible Combined Imager for the continuous monitoring of severe storms from space
Authors: Strandgren Johan , Burini Alessandro , Meraner Andrea , Grandell Jochen
Published: March 2023

Satellite observations provide a unique way of observing the Earth and the weather that we are experiencing on the surface, as they have the potential of providing data over a large spatial area at a high temporal resolution. With new satellite technologies, the ability to better predict, detect and monitor severe weather is improving, allowing for more precise weather forecasting, now-casting and analysis.

With the Flexible Combined Imager (FCI), EUMETSAT is following along this path, with the first instrument recently launched on-board the first Meteosat Third Generation satellite on December 13th, 2022. FCI is a multi-spectral imager with 16 spectral channels that will continuously monitor the evolution of weather over Europe, Africa and the Atlantic Ocean with a spatial resolution up to 500 meter and a temporal resolution up to 2.5 minutes in rapid scanning mode.

These new and novel data will be a leap forward for the observation of deep convection and severe weather and in this presentation we will give an overview of the FCI instrument and its data and products. In addition to Level-1 data, FCI will provide a suite of geophysical Level-2 products useful for detecting and monitoring deep convection and severe storms, including cloud macro- and microphysical properties, atmospheric instability indices and atmospheric motion vectors. With the new FCI data we also have the ability for the first time to derive geostationary true colour imagery over Europe and Africa, offering a good reference for the human eye when observing and now-casting severe storms. With several months into the commissioning phase, we finally hope to conclude the presentation by demonstrating some of the major improvements of this new instrument by showing the first actual measurement data.
Operational usage of KONRAD3D, DWD’s scheme for detection, tracking, and nowcasting of convective cells
Authors: Werner Manuel , Feger Robert , Josipovic Lukas , Böhme Tim
Published: March 2023

After several years of development and evaluation, KONRAD3D, the new tool for detection, tracking, and nowcasting of convective cells at Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), reaches operational status. The scheme is intended to further improve the performance of DWD’s automated warning decision support system and to equip external customers with improved information on thunderstorm development and severe weather risks.

KONRAD3D essentially relies on 3D radar reflectivity data, but also regards lightning data as well as hydrometeor information from DWD-products based on dual-polarization radar algorithms to assess hail risk. It is planned to integrate further data sources and products, e.g., rotation information derived from radial velocity measurements and mesocyclone detection outputs.

During the past three convective seasons, KONRAD3D has been intensively evaluated by forecasters at DWD as well as in the ESSL (European Severe Storms Laboratory) Testbed with many valuable comments and suggestions on how to modify, improve or better tune the method. Inspired by these findings, various extensions have been implemented, sub-algorithms have been revised, and tuning parameters have been adapted.

This work gives an overview on the status of KONRAD3D’s design and setup at operational kick-off. We present the current status of its visualization in DWD’s meteorological workstation NinJo and illustrate how KONRAD3D is integrated in follow-up applications and end customer interfaces.
A derecho-like event in the southern part of Romania: 20th of July 2011
Authors: Cheval Sorin , Manta Daniel-Robert , Sipos Zotan , Mihulet Eugen
Published: March 2023

Derecho storms are high-intensity convective wind events that often cause deaths and significant damage over large areas. 

On the 20th of July 2011, a convective system that presented derecho characteristics formed in Bulgaria and crossed over several counties in southern Romania. Strong storms were present in the largest part of Romania and were associated partially with a cold front and sustained by a rapid southern flow at 500 and 300 hPa. Analysis of the radar data revealed the presence of multiple supercells and bow echoes, reflectivities above 60 dBZ and wind gusts which reached over 25 m/s over a distance of 300 km. Two main storms were identified. One of these passed just 15 km away from the capital Bucharest, causing massive damage in the southern part of Dambovita county. The highest wind gust recorded in Romania peaked 34 m/s at Roșiorii de Vede but in Bulgaria gusts over 40 m/s were measured. Significant damage also occurred in Transylvania, with many winds gusts over 25 m/s.  

The results aim to support the improvement of the early warning activities related to extreme windstorm events, very likely to impact Romania in the next decades, within the climate-changing context. At the same time, it will continue the documentation of significant windstorms and derecho events in Romania.

This work has been financed within project „Dezvoltarea Centrului de Competență pentru Adaptarea Comunităților Locale la Schimbările Climatice prin parteneriate de tip public-privat în domeniul CDI” cod 3/16.11.2022 finanțat prin Planul Național de Redresare și Reziliență Apel nr. PNRR-III-C9-2022 – I5"
Expanding the historical 'outbreak' climatology in the U.S. between 1880 to 1989
Authors: Schroder Searcy Zoe
Published: March 2023

Tornado outbreak climatology is constantly evolving. Modern research highlights the current trends in tornado outbreak activity in the United States using the Storm Prediction Center’s tornado database, which dates back to 1950. Here, digitized tornado records over the period 1880–1989 are used to create a historical climatology of tornado outbreaks. In total, 462 unique clusters are identified encompassing more that 4,500 tornadoes. The spatial and temporal analysis of these clusters highlight trends that are consistent with current research which indicates similar trends in the modern record. The spatial distribution of the historical clusters follows an L-shaped pattern, with tornadoes extending from Iowa to Oklahoma to Georgia consistent with modern tornado outbreak climatology. The historical tornado clusters show significant upward trends in the total number of clusters, tornadoes, and casualties by decade which is seen in the modern record as well. Additionally, tornado clusters show similar upward trends seasonally and diurnally. Most clusters occur in March, April, and May and start in the early afternoon hours. The results of this research support the current trends detected in the modern tornado record.  Future research will look to combine historical and modern tornado records to develop a more complete climatology of clusters since 1880. 
The Northern Hail Project: A renaissance in hail research in Canada
Authors: Brimelow Julian C. , Kopp Gregory A. , Sills David M.L.
Published: March 2023

With ever-rising losses caused by extreme weather, the majority of which are associated with severe convective storms (SCS), it is of national importance to advance our understanding of hail occurrence and damage impacts across Canada and improve the means for managing our risk and vulnerability to hail. It has been almost 40 years since the Albert Hail Project (AHP) wrapped up. Although the AHP left a valuable legacy for future research initiatives to build on, the break in substantive hail research since its cessation has led to critical observational and knowledge gaps related to SCS occurrence and their impacts in Canada. It is thus essential that we address the key data and knowledge gaps and provide opportunities to train the next generation of scientists and engineers to work on SCS and their impacts. To this end, the University of Western Ontario has recently launched the Northern Hail Project (NHP). We will provide the background, rationale and expected outcomes for the NHP and also present observations from our first field season in Alberta. The philosophy of the NHP is to undertake world-class and transformative research that is data driven and has real-world applications. This includes deploying Canada's first hail disdrometer and weather station network in Calgary (located in Canada's Hail Alley), installing hailpad networks, sampling and preserving hail collected from hail swaths for analysis, monitoring vegetation health following hailstorms using multi-spectral cameras mounted on UAVs and super-high-resolution satellite imagery. Valuable data will also be collected from a portable testbed comprising a dual-polarization Doppler C-band radar, a lightning mapping array, a surface station mesonet, a mobile mesonet, upper-air soundings and remote-controlled cameras. One of the foci of the testbed is to improve the detection and quantification of hail (and tornadoes) using radar and other remote sensing tools. Collectively these data, and the analysis thereof, are expected to have significant benefits for Canada and internationally. In the long term, detailed data for damaging-hail events over both agricultural land and urban areas will help stakeholders mitigate damage. Our climatology of damaging hail events will allow improved risk and catastrophe models for the insurance sector. The improved understanding of how hailstorms form will improve warning systems. In the short term, our data will be useful for stakeholders, such as emergency managers, who will have access to our damage maps and surveys. Here we will share some preliminary results from our 2022 inaugural field program
Do severe storms across Australia, Europe and the United States share similarities? A comparison of atmospheric profiles and environmental predictors
Authors: Taszarek Mateusz , Allen John , Nixon Cameron , Dowdy Andrew , Battaglioli Francesco
Published: March 2023

It is well known that atmospheric environments across Australia, Europe and the United States are conducive to the occurrence of convective storms resulting in significant tornadoes, giant hail and damaging winds. However, while many studies have focused on evaluating convective environments over specific regions, only a limited number of elaborations compared different parts of the world. Therefore, in this work we use severe weather reports, ground lightning detection data and ERA5 reanalysis over the last 20 years to address the following research question: do severe storms across Australia, Europe and the United States share environmental similarities? A comparison of composite vertical profiles of temperature, moisture and wind highlighted several consistent features that are common for specific hazards among all three continents. For example, near-ground relative humidity and storm-relative helicity are important for tornadoes while buoyancy in below freezing temperatures and weak near-ground winds are important for large hail. Low-level moisture flux turned out to be the best discriminator between tornadoes and large hail events. However, despite these similarities, statistical analysis indicated that a predictive value for some ingredients can be markedly different among continents. A prime reason for that are different underlying climatological conditions. For example, a strong low-level wind shear combined with sufficient buoyancy is rare over Europe and Australia but when it occurs, it is often associated with tornado reports. On the other hand, a strong low-level wind shear is common over the United States, but is not always associated with proper convective organization to produce a tornado. For this reason, we believe that developing environmental models intended to work universally across the entire world can be extremely difficult as it is challenging to disentangle signals that are associated with physical processes from those that result from a local climatology.
Trends of sounding-derived indices and observations in NE Italy in the last 30 years
Authors: Manzato Agostino (Tino) , Fasano Gabriele , Cicogna Andrea , Sioni Francesco , Pucillo Arturo
Published: March 2023

High vertical resolution soundings observed at 00 and 12 UTC during the months of April to September of 30 years (from 1992 to 2021) are analyzed to characterize the potential  instability, dynamic conditions and moisture conditions of the atmosphere above NE Italy. Their climatological trends are studied, finding that the potential instability and moisture (including the precipitable water) show a robust and statistically significant increasing trend, producing a more favorable environment for storm development. Winds do not substantially change, apart from the meridional component of the low level wind, that causes a positive trend also in the wind shear.

Despite these significant increases in instability and moisture variables, the corresponding observations, in terms of rainfall (from a network of rain gauges), hail (from a network of hailpads) and cloud to ground lightning flashes (from the EUCLID lightning detection network), do not show similar trends. Instability indices describing pre-convective environment are often assumed to trace the storm probability, so that their climatological change is used as a proxy for the probability of storm occurrence and/or intensity. Our findings cast doubts on the validity of this approach, at least locally, because to a strong increase of sounding derived indices (toward a more unstable environment) does not correspond an equally robust increase of the observed storm activities.
Convective indices trends in Cyprus
Authors: Ene Dragos , Mamouri Rodanthi-Elisavet , Nisantzi Argyro , Michaelides Silas , Hadjimitsis Diofantos , Antonescu Bogdan , Seifert Patric
Published: March 2023

Recent studies have shown that the Eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East are regions strongly affected by climate change, with a rate of warming two times faster than the global average. While climate change comes with major implications, including the fact that severe storms will become more virulent and more often, studies showed that the annual number of cyclones in the Mediterranean region tends to remain constant in the near future, with no visible trend.

In this paper, we are studying the trends for convective indices in the region of Cyprus, with modelled, and also observational data. For the modelled data, we are using the CORDEX dataset for convective potential energy and convective inhibition with 3h temporal resolution, for the historical period (1971 - 2000), and for the near future (2021 - 2050), from which we extracted the daily maximum and mean values.

Observational data is used from the ESWD database, reports on tornadoes, hail and heavy rain, together with radiosonde data from Athalassa station (radiosonde available in high-resolution mode from 2016, with two launches per day, at 05:00 and 11:00 UTC). Using the Python packages SHARPpy and MetPy we computed the convective indices from radiosounding data.

It is estimated that two tornadoes and three waterspouts occur each year in Cyprus, and in a study from 2006 describing two tornadoes outbreaks from January 2003 and January 2004, these events had CAPE index 411 J/kg and 210 J/kg, and respectively lifted index of -2 and  0.

The authors acknowledge the ‘EXCELSIOR’: ERATOSTHENES: EΧcellence Research Centre for Earth Surveillance and Space-Based Monitoring of the Environment H2020 Widespread Teaming project (www.excelsior2020.eu). The ‘EXCELSIOR’ project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 857510, from the Government of the Republic of Cyprus through the Directorate General for the European Programmes, Coordination and Development and the Cyprus University of Technology.
Drone-based hail observations and the retrieval of the hail size distribution after a supercell passage in summer 2021 in Switzerland
Authors: Lainer Martin , Brennan Killian , Kopp Jérôme , Monhart Samuel , Wolfensberger Daniel , Hering Alessandro , Schauwecker Zaira
Published: March 2023

Hail is a major threat connected to severe thunderstorms and an estimation of the hail size is important to issue warnings for the public. Radar real-time products exist that estimate the size of the expected hail. For the verification of such products, ground based observations are necessary. Automatic hail sensors, as available within the Swiss hail network, can provide information about hail diameters observed on the ground. Unfortunately, due to the small size of these sensors (e.g. 0.2 m2) the estimation of the hail size distribution (HSD) can have large uncertainties. To overcome this issue, aerial drone-based 2D orthophotos can be analyzed by using state-of-the-art custom trained AI-object detection models to identify hail stones in the images and to estimate the HSD.

A large right moving supercell with a lifespan of more than 6 hours crossed the midlands of Switzerland from south west in the afternoon of 20th June 2021. The hail swath of this classical supercell was intercepted near Entlebuch and aerial images of the hail on the ground were taken by a DJI Matrice 300RTK drone immediately after the storm has passed. The drone was equipped with a 50 megapixels full frame camera. The average ground sampling distance is 1.5 mm per pixel, which is set by the mounted camera objective with a focal length of 35 mm and a flight altitude of 12 m above ground level.

A 2D orthomosaic model of the survey area (soccer field) is created based on 116 captured images during the first drone mapping flight. The orthomosaic covers an area of about 750 m2 and is then used to detect hail by using a region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) model. First, we characterize the hail sizes based on the individual hail segmentation masks resulting from the model detections and investigate the performance with respect to manual hail annotations from experts that are used as validation and test data sets. We present the final obtained HSD from more than 18000 hail stones (Dmax = 39 mm, Dmed = 9 mm) and compare it with nearby automatic hail sensor observations and weather radar based hail products like MESHS (Maximum Expected Severe Hail Size).  Furthermore, we provide first insights into hail melting processes that can be inferred from the information retrieved from a total of 5 subsequent flights performed with the drone within about 20 minutes after the passage of the supercell.
DWD-Crowdsourcing: Are User Reports beneficial for Object-based Nowcasting?
Authors: Spitzer Arne , Kempf Harald , Jerg Matthias , Werner Manuel , Blahak Ulrich
Published: March 2023

Since July 2020 the DWD WarnWetter-App comprises the Crowdsourcing module “User Reports”. This module provides users the functionality to report observations about current weather conditions and severe weather to DWD and other users.

The user reports represent the current meteorological conditions at a certain place at a certain point of time. The Crowdsourcing module provides 10 different meteorological categories (lightning, wind, hail, rain, wet icy conditions, snowfall, snow cover, cloudiness, fog, tornado), each of which contains specific characteristic levels and optionally additional attributes. In addition, the user has the option of setting the location and time of the event manually.

The benefit of the data is that meteorological information at ground level is collected at places where no weather station is located in the immediate vicinity. The dataset is able to complement the existing synoptic station network. Forecasters from DWD already benefit from user-based observations that are available in near real-time.

In recent years, a new nowcasting algorithm has been developed at DWD, called KONRAD3D. The algorithm aims to automatically detect, track, and nowcast convective cells in order to support DWD’s warning management.

KONRAD3D uses three-dimensional radar reflectivity data as main input. In addition, also lightning data and information about hydrometeor types based on polarimetric radar data is regarded. In particular, in the latest version KONRAD3D features the new hail flag - a parameter that assesses a cell’s threat of hail. The new parameter rests upon the hydrometeor data and should roughly estimate the expectable near-ground hail size.

This is where the crowdsourcing data comes into play. Hail reports from app users are able to confirm expected hail sizes on the ground. Our analyses will show, whether the hail threat estimates were reasonable and at which point the user reports could complement the real-time operation of KONRAD3D.
ENSO Modulation of U.S. Cloud-to-ground Lightning Activity
Authors: Malloy Kelsey , Tippett Michael , Koshak William
Published: March 2023

Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning has substantial impacts on human health and property. However, the link between U.S. lightning activity and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a dominant driver of global climate variability, has not been thoroughly investigated, in part because most lightning datasets sample only a handful of ENSO events. To overcome this limitation, we developed an empirical model of 6-hourly lightning flash count over the U.S. using environmental variables (e.g. convective available potential energy and precipitation) and National Lightning Detection Network data for 2003-2016. This model reproduces the observed interannual variability of lightning over most of the U.S. Then, we used the empirical model to construct a proxy lightning dataset for the period 1979-2021 and investigate the spatial and seasonal patterns of the ENSO-lightning relationship. El Niño is associated with increased lightning activity over the Coastal Southeast U.S. during early winter, the Northwest in the midsummer, and the Southwest during late winter and early spring, whereas La Niña is associated with increased lightning activity over the Tennessee River Valley during February-March.                                                                                                