bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Base‐Free Catalytic Wittig Reaction for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Alkenes
Authors: Schirmer Marie‐Luis , Adomeit Sven , Spannenberg Anke , Werner Thomas
Published: January 2016

A highly efficient catalyst system for base‐free catalytic Wittig reactions has been developed and optimized. Initially, several potential (pre)catalysts as well as different silanes as reducing agents were screened. A system based on a readily available phosphine oxide as precatalyst and trimethoxy silane as reducing agent proved to be optimal. The effect of various Brønsted acidic additives was studied. Subsequently, the reaction conditions were optimized and standard reaction conditions were determined. Under these conditions the scope of this new protocol was evaluated. Nine activated olefins and 33 aldehydes were converted into 42 highly functionalized alkenes. Notably, aromatic, aliphatic as well as heteroaromatic aldehydes could be converted, giving the desired products in isolated yields up to 99 % and with good to excellent E/Z selectivities. These results underline the remarkable efficiency of this protocol considering the complexity of the reaction mixture and the four reaction steps that proceed in parallel in one pot.
ChemInform Abstract: The Discrete AIF52‐ Fluoroaluminate Anion in the Structure of [Tetraethylammonium]2 [AIF5](H2O)2.
Authors: Veryasov Gleb , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Hagiwara Rika
Published: January 2016

Intentional preparation of a compound containing the Al2F93‐ anion by reaction of a 2:1 molar mixture of (Et4N)[AlF4] (I) and (Me4N)F in MeCN (PFA reactor, ≈1 sec) results in the formation of (Et4N)[Me4N][AlF5] (II) and unreacted (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure Relation Between Tetragonal and Orthorhombic CsAlD4: DFT and Time‐of‐Flight Neutron Powder Diffraction Studies.
Authors: Bernert Thomas , Krech Daniel , Kockelmann Winfried , Felderhoff Michael , Frankcombe Terry J. , Weidenthaler Claudia
Published: January 2016

The deuterium positions of orthorhombic and tetragonal CsAlD4 are predicted by DFT calculations and refined from time‐of‐flight neutron powder diffraction data.
ChemInform Abstract: Route to the Smallest Doped Semiconductor: Mn2+‐Doped (CdSe)13 Clusters.
Authors: Bacher Gerd , et al.
Published: January 2016

Mn2+‐doped (CdSe)13 clusters are produced in large scale by heating a mixture of CdCl2 and MnCl2 (10:1) in octylamine (120 °C, 2 h) before adding an octylammonium selenocarbamate solution (25 °C, 40 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Cu2CoSnS4 Nanoparticles by Thermal Decomposition of Metal Precursors and the Study of Its Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties for Photovoltaic Applications.
Authors: Krishnaiah Mokurala , Bhargava Parag , Mallick Sudhanshu
Published: January 2016

Cu2CoSnS4 (CCTS) nanoparticles are prepared from a 1.85:1:1:12 molar mixture of Cu(OAc)2, CoCl2, SnCl2, and CS(NH)2 in EtOH which is ball milled prior to thermal decomposition (alumina crucible, 250‐450 °C, 1‐6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Inexpensive Sodium—Magnesium Hybrid Battery.
Authors: Walter Marc , Kravchyk Kostiantyn V. , Ibanez Maria , Kovalenko Maksym V.
Published: January 2016

A hybrid intercalation battery based on a NaBH4/Mg(BH4)2 dual salt electrolyte in diglyme, metallic Mg anode, and a cathode based on FeS2 nanocrystals is constructed.
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth Based Hybrid Perovskites A3Bi2I9 (A: Methylammonium or Cesium) for Solar Cell Application.
Authors: Park Byung‐Wook , Philippe bertrand , Zhang Xiaoliang , Rensmo Hakan , Boschloo Gerrit , Johansson Erik M. J.
Published: January 2016

In view of the possible replacement of toxic lead perovskites in solar cells by a less toxic electrode material, Bi‐based perovskites A3Bi2I9 (A: MeNH3, Cs) are synthesized by reaction of metallic Cs or MeNH3I with BiI3 in a 7:3 DMF/DMSO mixture.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Visible Light‐Driven Silver Isocyanate Photocatalyst: Superior Stability Enhanced by Intrinsic Resonance Effect.
Authors: Fan Shuo , Chen Gang , Li Chunmei , Lv Chade , Han Zhonghui , Rao Jiancun , Hu Yidong , Zhang Congmin
Published: January 2016

AgNCO is precipitated from an aqueous urea solution of AgNO3 (2 h, darkness).
ChemInform Abstract: Intermolecular versus Intramolecular Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylations Between 1‐(2‐Bromobenzyl)imidazoles and Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Xu Xiaowen , Zhao Liqin , Li Yiqun , Soule Jean‐Francois , Doucet Henri
Published: January 2016

as a route to polycyclic imidazoles and fused azepine derivatives
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective 1,4‐Iodofunctionalizations of Conjugated Dienes.
Authors: Tripathi Chandra Bhushan , Mukherjee Santanu
Published: January 2016

Treatment of unsaturated oximes and hydrazones with NIS in the presence of chiral catalysts (I) gives optically active isoxazolines and pyrazolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Mediated Trifluoromethylthio Lactonization/Lactamization.
Authors: Xu Chunfa , Shen Qilong
Published: January 2016

The reaction of carboxylic acids and amides with substrate (II) is proposed to proceed via a thiiranium ion intermediate to give lactones and lactams with excellent selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Catalyzed Reagent‐Free Ring Expansion of Cyclobutenones and Benzocyclobutenones.
Authors: Chen Peng‐hao , Sieber Joshua , Senanayake Chris H. , Dong Guangbin
Published: January 2016

The title reaction gives a variety of indanones [e.g. (II)] and poly‐substituted cyclopentenones [e.g. (VIII)] without additional oxidants or reductants.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Tertiary Allylic Amines and Dichlorocarbenes.
Authors: Wang Meili , Xiao Fenfen , Bai Yinjuan , Hu Xiangdong
Published: January 2016

The reaction of tertiary allylic amines with intermediate dichlorocarbenes formed in situ from chloroform affords either formylamides via de‐N‐allylation or dichlorocyclopropane derivatives via addition of CCl2 to the allylic double bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Mononuclear Nonheme Iron(III)‐Iodosylarene and High‐Valent Iron‐Oxo Complexes in Olefin Epoxidation Reactions.
Authors: Wang Bin , Lee Yong‐Min , Seo Mi Sook , Nam Wonwoo
Published: January 2016

A non‐heme Fe(III)‐complex, generated from Fe(II)‐complex (ITT) and chiral iodosoarene (CIB) in the presence of HClO4, is successfully applied to the catalytic enantioselective epoxidation of di‐ and trisubstituted α,β‐unsaturated enones.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids to Alcohols.
Authors: Cui Xinjiang , Li Yuehui , Topf Christoph , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: January 2016

Aryl, benzyl, and alkylcarboxylic acids endowed with a range of functional groups as well as dicarboxylic acids are efficiently reduced to the corresponding alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic N‐Trifluoromethylation of N—H Ketimines.
Authors: Zheng Gang , Ma Xiaoli , Li Jiaheng , Zhu Dongsheng , Wang Mang
Published: January 2016

Two novel protocols for the direct N‐trifluoromethylation of ketimines are developed: Ruppert—Prakash reagent (II) (with PhI(OAc)2/KF as promoter) and Togni′s reagent II (VI) (with Cu(OAc)2 as catalyst) are both applied with similar outcomes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Desulfonylative Approach in Oxidative Gold Catalysis: Regiospecific Access to Donor‐Substituted Acyl Gold Carbenes.
Authors: Chen Hongyi , Zhang Liming
Published: January 2016

Gold‐catalyzed oxidation of alkynyl sulfonamides (I) with pyridine N‐oxides produces acyl gold carbene intermediates by in situ expulsion of sulfur dioxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver(I)‐Promoted ipso‐Nitration of Carboxylic Acids by Nitronium Tetrafluoroborate.
Authors: Natarajan Palani , Chaudhary Renu , Venugopalan Paloth
Published: January 2016

A novel and efficient method for the regioselective nitration of a series of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids to their corresponding nitro compounds using nitronium tetrafluoroborate and silver carbonate in dimethylacetamide is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free C‐Arylation of Nitro Compounds with Diaryliodonium Salts.
Authors: Dey Chandan , Lindstedt Erik , Olofsson Berit
Published: January 2016

This method allows the α‐arylation of various nitroalkanes and nitroesters.
ChemInform Abstract: Fe‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Unactivated Alkenes with β‐Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Zheng Jing , Wang Dahai , Cui Sunliang
Published: January 2016

The coupling using β‐nitroalkanes as the vinylating agents proceeds through a radical pathway under nitro group cleavage.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Addition of Trifluoroacetamide to Alkenes, 2,5‐Dimethylhexa‐2,4‐diene and Conjugated Cyclic Dienes.
Authors: Shainyan Bagrat A. , Moskalik Mikhail Yu. , Astakhova Vera V. , Sterkhova Irina V. , Ushakov Igor A.
Published: January 2016

Depending on the substrates used amidoiodination, amidodiodination, or tandem addition‐cyclization reactions take place selectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Coupling of Aromatic Ketazines or Oximes with 2‐Vinyloxirane via C—H Activation.
Authors: Wen Jing , Wu An , Miao Yuqin , Zhu Jin
Published: January 2016

The ortho‐selective mono‐coupling proceeds under mild conditions and tolerates diverse substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: A Bioorthogonal Ligation of Cyclopropenones Mediated by Triarylphosphines.
Authors: Shih Hui‐Wen , Prescher Jennifer A.
Published: January 2016

Ring‐opening of cyclopropenones by amines affords α,β‐unsaturated amides by a novel bioorthogonal ligation between cyclopropenones and phosphines.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Promoted Knoevenagel Condensation Catalyzed by KF‐Clinoptilolite.
Authors: Keipour Hoda , Hosseini Abolfazl , Khalilzadeh Mohammad A. , Ollevier Thierry
Published: January 2016

The cheap and very efficient title reaction of ethyl cyanoacetate or malononitrile with aryl or hetarylaldehydes is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Synthesis of Alkynes.
Authors: Zhang Mengnan , Jia Tiezheng , Wang Carol Y. , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: January 2016

Coupling reaction of benzaldehydes and benzyl chlorides under basic conditions by using an anionic sulfenate catalyst yields diaryl alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Reaction of 4‐(p‐Aminophenyl)‐1‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles Furnishing Benzoyl Cyanides Through N‐Sulfinyl Imine Intermediates.
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Zhao Qiang , Funakoshi Yuuta , Murakami Masahiro
Published: January 2016

Benzoyl cyanides (II) are prepared by thermolysis of the corresponding sulfonyltriazoles (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Iterative Coupling of Two Different Enones by Nitromethane Using Bifunctional Thiourea Organocatalysts. Stereocontrolled Assembly of Cyclic and Acyclic Structures.
Authors: Varga Szilard , Jakab Gergely , Csampai Antal , Soos Tibor
Published: January 2016

Various unsaturated aldehydes and ketones are utilized for the highly diastereoselective and enantioselective construction of cyclic syn‐ketols and acyclic compounds with multiple contiguous stereocenters.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Benzoylation of Amines via Aerobic C—C Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Fan Wenyou , Yang Youqing , Lei Jianhua , Jiang Qijian , Zhou Wang
Published: January 2016

1,2‐Diarylethanones suffer ‐CO‐CH2‐ bond scission under aerobic conditions in the presence of CuCl2 as catalyst enabling the formation of amides with a broad variety of aryl‐, hetaryl‐, and (di)alkylamines in modest to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: The Insertion of Arynes into the O—H Bond of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Wen Chunxiao , Chen Qian , He Zhenwen , Yan Xinxing , Zhang Changyuan , Du Zhiyun , Zhang Kun
Published: January 2016

An efficient O‐arylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids through the insertion of arynes into the O—H bond promoted by sodium carboxylates under mild conditions is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Assembly of Homoallylamine Derivatives Through Iron‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Sulfonamidoallylation Reaction.
Authors: Fan Xiaohui , Zhu Hong‐Bo , Lv Hao , Guo Kun , Guan Yong‐Hong , Cui Xiao‐Meng , An Bin , Pu Yan‐Ling
Published: January 2016

The title three‐component reaction only applies to aromatic or cinnamylaldehydes [e.g. (I) and (V)], sulfonamides [e.g. (II) and (XI)], and allylsilanes [e.g. (III), (VII), and (IX)], but it doesn′t apply to alkyl aldehydes, ketones, α‐alkylated cinnamylaldehyde, carbamates, or silylalkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Novel Dispirooxindolopyrrolidine and Dispirooxindolopyrrolothiazole Derivatives as Potential Antitubercular Agents.
Authors: Mhiri Chourouk , Boudriga Sarra , Askri Moheddine , Knorr Michael , Sriram Dharmarajan , Yogeeswari Perumal , Nana Frederic , Golz Christopher , Strohmann Carsten
Published: January 2016

Title compounds [(IV) and (VI)] are synthesized in good yields by three‐component 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Quaternary Stereocenters.
Authors: Manchoju Amarender , Thorat Rakesh G. , Pansare Sunil V.
Published: January 2016

The target products (V) and (IX) are obtained through a stereoselective Suzuk—Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction giving disubstituted alkylidenemorpholinones (III) and (VIII) followed by a highly stereoselective Prins reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Palladium(II)‐1‐Methylimidazole Complex Catalyzed Direct C—H Bond Arylation of Benzo[b]furans with Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Yin Shun‐Chao , Zhou Quan , Zhao Xiao‐Yun , Shao Li‐Xiong
Published: January 2016

For the first time, sole regioselective C2‐arylation of benzofurans with aryl chlorides using a NHC‐Pd(II) complex as catalyst is achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Aza π‐Allyl Palladium Derived from Imino Migration in Palladium‐Carbene: MCRs Toward Multiple Substituted Indole Skeleton.
Authors: Dai Qiang , Jiang Yan , Guo Songjin , Yu Jin‐Tao , Cheng Jiang
Published: January 2016

Pd‐catalyzed multicomponent reactions of α‐iodoanilines, aryl isonitriles, N‐tosylhydrazones (and solvent) are developed furnishing substituted indole derivatives in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Steglich Rearrangement of Oxindole Derivatives by Easily Accessible Chiral N,N‐4‐(Dimethylamino)pyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Mandai Hiroki , Fujiwara Takuma , Noda Katsuaki , Fujii Kazuki , Mitsudo Koichi , Korenaga Toshinobu , Suga Seiji
Published: January 2016

The rearrangement of O‐acylated oxidoles proceeds smoothly in the presence of chiral pyridine catalysts (I) to give oxindole derivatives in excellent yields with enantioselectivities up to 98%.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Trifluoroethylation of Activated Alkenes: Rapid Access to Construct Fluorinated 3,3‐Disubstituted 2‐Oxindoles.
Authors: Mai Wen‐Peng , Sun Bin , Qian Guan‐Sheng , Yuan Jin‐Wei , Mao Pu , Yang Liang‐Ru , Xiao Yong‐Mei
Published: January 2016

A novel and mild fluorination/cyclization reaction of activated alkenes under metal‐free conditions is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 4‐Isochromanones via Parham‐Type Cyclization with Weinreb Amide.
Authors: Wang Chaolei , Wu Zheng , Wang Jia , Liu Jie , Yao Hequan , Lin Aijun , Xu Jinyi
Published: January 2016

The efficient synthesis of 4‐isochromanones via Parham‐type cyclization proceeds within one minute.
ChemInform Abstract: An Alternative Synthetic Approach to 3‐Alkylated/Arylated 5‐Nitropyridines.
Authors: Le Song Thi , Asahara Haruyasu , Nishiwaki Nagatoshi
Published: January 2016

Aldehydes react with 1‐methyl‐3,5‐dinitro‐2‐pyridone (I) in the presence of an excess of ammonium acetate as the N source to afford the title compounds via a three‐component ring transformation process.
ChemInform Abstract: MCM‐41 Functionalized with B—F Bond: Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Application in the Synthesis of Polyhydroquinolines.
Authors: Abdollahi‐Alibeik Mohammad , Rezaeipoor‐Anari Ali
Published: January 2016

A one‐pot one‐step transformation of dimedone, aryl aldehydes, ammonium acetate, and β‐keto esters to polyhydroquinolines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Chiral Lactam‐Fused Pyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Sengoku Tetsuya , Murata Yusuke , Suzuki Chihiro , Takahashi Masaki , Yoda Hidemi
Published: January 2016

The acid‐promoted cyclization of benzylidene modified tetramic acids with enamines gives chiral C2 symmetric and asymmetric pyridine fused lactams with excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocycloaddition and Rearrangement Reactions in a Putative Route to the Skeleton of Plicamine‐Type Alkaloids.
Authors: Rimboeck Karl‐Heinz , Poethig Alexander , Bach Thorsten
Published: January 2016

Intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of isoquinolones (I) affords the corresponding cyclobutanes containing an exocyclic methylene group with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Synthesis of δ‐Sultones via α,β‐Unsaturated Sulfonyl Azolium Intermediates.
Authors: Ungureanu Andrei , Levens Alison , Candish Lisa , Lupton David W.
Published: January 2016

α,β‐Unsaturated sulfonyl azolium salts, generated in situ from 1,3‐diketone derived silyl enol ethers and NHC‐carbene catalyst (IMes) are developed as novel double bond electrophiles which react with vinyl sulfonyl fluorides to give δ‐sultones in generally moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryl λ3‐Iodane‐Mediated 6‐exo‐trig Cyclization to Synthesize Highly Substituted Chiral Morpholines.
Authors: Kishore Vandavasi Jaya , Hu Wan‐Ping , Chandru Senadi Gopal , Chen Hui‐Ting , Chen Hsing‐Yin , Hsieh Kuang‐Chan , Wang Jeh‐Jeng
Published: January 2016

A combination of KBr and a phenylalanine‐derived iodane reagent is used for the cyclization of N‐allyl aminoalcohols (I) leading to chiral morpholines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Gold‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Acyloxy Migration/Intramolecular Cyclopropanation/Ring Enlargement Cascade: Syntheses of Medium‐Sized Heterocycles.
Authors: Sun Yin‐Wei , Tang Xiang‐Ying , Shi Min
Published: January 2016

A highly efficient procedure for the preparation of 10‐ and 11‐membered carbo‐ and heterocycles bearing a trans‐configured double bond is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc‐Catalyzed Dual C—X and C—H Borylation of Aryl Halides.
Authors: Bose Shubhankar Kumar , Deissenberger Andrea , Eichhorn Antonius , Steel Patrick G. , Lin Zhenyang , Marder Todd B.
Published: January 2016

A combined C—halogen and ortho C—H borylation process is developed using aryl iodides and bromides and (Bpin)2 as the boron source.
ChemInform Abstract: Review — Manganese‐Based P2‐Type Transition Metal Oxides as Sodium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials
Authors: Clement Raphaele J. , Bruce Peter G. , Grey Clare P.
Published: January 2016

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermodynamic Properties and Electrochemical Studies of Lithium—Tin Alloys
Authors: Morachevskii A. G.
Published: January 2016

Review: 170 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of Metastable Langmuir Monolayers on Planar Solid Surfaces
Authors: Kalinina M. A.
Published: January 2016

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anionic Phosph(in)ito (“Phosphoryl”) Ligands: Non‐Classical “Actor” Phosphane‐Type Ligands in Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Sutra P. , Igau A.
Published: January 2016

Review: 229 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Waller Peter J. , Gandara Felipe , Yaghi Omar M.
Published: January 2016

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Boron‐Mediated Activation of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Bontemps Sebastien
Published: January 2016

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of the 21St Century: Two Decades of Innovative Catalyst Design for Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings
Authors: Gildner Peter G. , Colacot Thomas J.
Published: January 2016

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Micromagnetic Calculation for Exchange‐Coupled Nanocomposite Permanent Magnets
Authors: Zhao Guoping , Morvan Francois , Wan Xiulin
Published: January 2016

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bilayer Membrane Interactions with Nanofabricated Scaffolds
Authors: Collier C. Patrick
Published: January 2016

Review: 144 refs.
Broadly Neutralizing Antibody‐Guided Carbohydrate‐Based HIV Vaccine Design: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Liu Chang‐Cheng , Zheng Xiu‐Jing , Ye Xin‐Shan
Published: January 2016

The HIV envelope (Env) is heavily glycosylated, facilitating the spread and survival of HIV in many ways. Some potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) such as 2G12, PG9, PG16, and PGTs can recognize the conserved glycan residues on Env. The bnAbs, which often emerge after many years of chronic infection, provide insight into the vulnerability of HIV and can therefore guide the design of vaccines. Many carbohydrate‐conjugated vaccines have been designed to induce bnAb‐like antibodies, but none have yet been successful. The low antigenicity of these vaccines is one possible explanation. New strategies have been applied to obtain high‐affinity antigens of glycan‐dependent and other bnAbs. However, when used as immunogens in vivo, high‐affinity antigens are still insufficient in eliciting bnAb‐like antibodies. bnAbs generally possess some unusual features and may therefore be suppressed by the host immune system. In view of this situation, some immunization regimens based on the affinity maturation of antibodies have been tested. Herein we summarize recent studies into the design of carbohydrate‐based HIV vaccines and some valuable experiences gained in work with other bnAb‐based HIV vaccines.
Effects of color on expectations of drug effects: A cross‐gender cross‐cultural study
Authors: Tao Da , Wang Tieyan , Wang Tieshan
Published: January 2016

To study the role of color in expectations of drug effects, 80 Chinese participants (40 females and 40 males) were asked to classify each of seven single colored capsules and six differently colored two‐piece capsules into one of four classifications of drug effects. The results from the Chinese sample were also compared with that from four other cultural groups studied elsewhere. The Chi‐square test results showed that all seven single colored capsules yielded non‐chance distributions in classifications of drug effects, with six showing specific effects; and that five two‐colored capsules had non‐chance distributions, with four significantly associated with specific effects. Notable gender differences were observed in the expectations of drug effects. While the cross‐group comparison revealed consistent red‐stimulant and blue‐depressant associations across the five cultural groups, disagreements existed for other colors among the groups. The findings emphasized the importance of color in drug design and administration in support of drug differentiation, medication adherence, and drug efficacy, and suggest gender and cultural implications on the basis of color to achieve better drug effects. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 124–130, 2017
Palladium on Nitrogen‐Doped Mesoporous Carbon: A Bifunctional Catalyst for Formate‐Based, Carbon‐Neutral Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Wang Fanan , Xu Jinming , Shao Xianzhao , Su Xiong , Huang Yanqiang , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2016

The lack of safe, efficient, and economical hydrogen storage technologies is a hindrance to the realization of the hydrogen economy. Reported herein is a reversible formate‐based carbon‐neutral hydrogen storage system that is established over a novel catalyst comprising palladium nanoparticles supported on nitrogen‐doped mesoporous carbon. The support was fabricated by a hard template method and nitridated under a flow of ammonia. Detailed analyses demonstrate that this bicarbonate/formate redox equilibrium is promoted by the cooperative role of the doped nitrogen functionalities and the well‐dispersed, electron‐enriched palladium nanoparticles.
Restructure your office to better serve your students
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: January 2016

ANAHEIM, CALIF. — When Rebecca Mathern of Oregon State University was given the task of restructuring her admissions office, she made it a priority to keep her focus on getting the right people in place to boost the success of students at her university. Before her attempts to restructure, Mathern found that, although nothing was really wrong in her office, her team lacked direction and had stopped feeling excited for what was coming next. “We had to stop feeling overwhelmed and start feeling empowered,” Mathern said. In a session at the recent Pacific Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers annual conference, Mathern gave tips, tricks, best practices and anecdotes from her own experience transforming her office into a successful student‐serving team.
Recognize and address ADHD‐related sleep disorders in adults
Authors: Bedrossian Louise
Published: January 2016

Sleep disorders related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are common. Many doctors and others believed these two conditions were unrelated, but recent evidence shows otherwise. Certain sleep problems are now thought to be specific to ADHD, requiring careful differential diagnosis, targeted medical treatments and effective strategies.
Dietary CLA supplementation of pigs confers higher oxidative stability to Ciauscolo and Fabriano salami produced from their meat with no negative impact on the physico‐chemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics
Authors: Branciari Raffaella , Balzano Michele , Pacetti Deborah , Trabalza‐Marinucci Massimo , Della Casa Giacinto , Miraglia Dino , Capotorti Andrea , Frega Natale G. , Ranucci David
Published: January 2016

It has been reported that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers are considered particularly beneficial to human health and affect the technological properties of pork meat products such as salami. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 0.5% CLA supplementation of heavy pig diets on the chemical composition, total fatty acids (FA), oxidative stability, sensory and microbial properties of Ciauscolo and Fabriano salami. The incorporation of CLA into the diet did not modify the chemical, microbial or sensory descriptive analysis of the salami. The CLA dietary supplementation changed the proportions of FA, in particular leading to an increase in the proportion of saturated fatty acids and CLA in both Ciauscolo and Fabriano salami. The results of consumer testing showed a higher degree of liking by consumers when the CLA sample was accompanied by product information, demonstrating the strong influence of the label on consumer perception. The interesting finding was the increase in the oxidative stability of the salami at the end of ripening. This confirms the hypothesis that CLA can affect the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids/monounsaturated FA ratio in meat products and possesses antioxidative properties that can be transferred, through dietary supplementation, to salami.

Practical applications: Feeding a 0.5% CLA diet to finisher pigs resulted in changes in the proportions of FA and enhanced the oxidative stability of salami but did not modify the sensory properties of the products. More research is needed to find the right inclusion level of CLA to be considered optimal from the point of view of producing a high quality product with superior organoleptical, technological and potential health‐related properties.

Production of value‐added meat products, such as conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) enriched Ciauscolo and Fabriano salamis, by the inclusion of the c9 t11 and t10 c12 CLA isomers in the swine diet.
Social environment alters opioid‐induced hyperalgesia and antinociceptive tolerance in adolescent mice
Authors: Bates M.L.S. , Emery M.A. , Wellman P.J. , Eitan S.
Published: January 2016

Background

Chronic opioid treatment is complicated by the development of tolerance and hyperalgesia. Social environment alters both opioid‐induced behaviours and nociceptive mechanisms. Our previous studies demonstrated that, in adolescent rodents, the susceptibility to acquire opioid dependence and reward is dependent on the nature of social housing conditions. Specifically, our previous studies demonstrate that housing morphine‐treated mice with drug‐naïve animals mitigates the abuse liability of opioids. Thus, this study tested the effect of social housing conditions on the development of adaptive processes to morphine antinociception.

Method

Adolescent males were group‐housed in different conditions. In the mixed treatment condition, mice treated with 20 mg/kg morphine (i.e. ‘morphine cage‐mates’) and saline (i.e. ‘saline cage‐mates’) were housed together. In the separated treatment conditions, all mice in the cage received morphine (i.e. ‘morphine only’) or saline (i.e. ‘saline only’). All animals were tested for baseline pain sensitivity and for the response to morphine in the tail withdrawal, hot plate, acetone and von Frey filament tests, during and after discontinuation of opioid treatment.

Results

Both morphine cage‐mate and morphine only animals developed antinociceptive tolerance. However, this effect was more robust and persistent in the morphine only group. Notably, morphine only animals, but not morphine cage‐mates, developed opioid‐induced hyperalgesia.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that housing morphine‐treated mice with drug‐naïve animals mitigates the development of opioid‐induced hyperalgesia and antinociceptive tolerance. Thus, this study indicates that social environment influences the effectiveness of opioid pain management.
Control of Electron‐transfer in Immunonanosensors by Using Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Mars Abdelmoneim , Parolo Claudio , de la Escosura‐Muñiz Alfredo , Raouafi Noureddine , Merkoçi Arben
Published: January 2016

The design and operation of biosensors is not trivial. For instance, variation in the output signal during monitoring of analytes can not usually be controlled. Hence, if such control were possible, and could be triggered on demand, it would greatly facilitate system design and operation. Herein, we report the design of two types of voltamperometric immunosensors, in which the magnitude of the current output signal (differential pulse voltammetry [DPV]) can be increased or decreased as needed. The designed systems use monoclonal and polyclonal anti‐human IgG antibodies, conjugated to monopodal ferrocene‐modified gold nanoparticles that are casted onto screen‐printed carbon electrodes (Ab/mFcL/AuNPs/SPCEs). Upon addition of human IgG as antigen, the systems exhibit opposite responses according to the Ab: the current decreases when monoclonal Ab is used, whereas it increases when polyclonal Ab is used. We attributed the former response to inhibition of electron‐transfer (due to the formation of a protein layer), and the latter response, to a global increase in electron transfer (induced by the aggregation of gold nanoparticles). These effects were confirmed by studying a custom‐made lipoic acid‐based bipodal ligand, which confirmed that the increase in current is effectively induced by the aggregation of the modified nanoparticles (pAb/mFcL/AuNPs). Both sensors have large dynamic ranges, although the pAb‐based one was found to be 3.3‐times more sensitive. Tests of selectivity and specificity for ovalbumin, α‐lactalbumin and serum bovine albumin showed that the immunosensors are highly selective and specific, even in the presence of up to 1000‐fold levels of potentially competitive proteins. The limit of detection for human IgG using the pAb/mFcL/AuNP bioconjugate was estimated to be 0.85 ng/mL. The pAb/mFcL/AuNPs‐based biosensor has used to determine amounts of human IgG in real sample.
Electrokinetic ion transport in confined micro‐nanochannel
Authors: Wang Junyao , Liu Chong , Xu Zheng
Published: January 2016

In this paper, a confined micronanochannel is presented to concentrate ions in a restricted zone. A general model exploiting the Poisson–Nernst–Plank equations coupled with the Navier–Stokes equation is employed to simulate the electrokinetic ion transport. The influences of the micronanochannel dimension and the surface charge density on the potential distribution, the ion concentration, and the fluid flow are investigated. The numerical results show that the potential drop depends mainly on the nanochannel, instead of the confined channel. Both decreasing the width and increasing the length enhance the ion enrichment performance. For a given nanochannel, ultimate value of ion concentration may be determined by the potential at the center point of the nanochannel. The study also shows that the enrichment stability can be improved by increasing the micronanochannel width, decreasing the micronanochannel length and reducing the surface charge density.
Antimicrobial properties of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles studied by flow cytometry and related techniques
Authors: Railean‐Plugaru Viorica , Pomastowski Pawel , Rafinska Katarzyna , Wypij Magdalena , Kupczyk Wojciech , Dahm Hanna , Jackowski Marek , Buszewski Boguslaw
Published: January 2016

This work reports the effect of silver bionanoparticles (Bio(AgNPs) synthesized by Actinobacteria CGG 11n on selected Gram (+) and Gram (–) bacteria. Flow cytometry, classical antibiogram method and fluorescent microscopy approach was used for evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Bio(AgNPs) and their combination with antibiotics. Furthermore, the performed research specified the capacity of flow cytometry method as an alternative to the standard ones and as a complementary method to electromigration techniques. The study showed antibacterial activity of both BioAgNPs and the combination of antibiotics/BioAgNPs against all the tested bacteria strains in comparison with a diffusion, dilution and bioautographic methods. The synergistic effect of antibiotics/BioAgNPs combination (e.g. kanamycin, ampicillin, neomycin and streptomycin) was found to be more notable against Pseudomonas aeruginosa representing a prototype of multi‐drug resistant “superbugs” for which effective therapeutic options are very limited.
Acute‐phase glycoprotein N‐glycome of ovarian cancer patients analyzed by CE‐LIF
Authors: Weiz Stefan , Wieczorek Marta , Schwedler Christian , Kaup Matthias , Braicu Elena Iona , Sehouli Jalid , Tauber Rudolf , Blanchard Véronique
Published: January 2016

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most frequent cause of death from all gynecological malignancies because of its late diagnosis. As N‐glycosylation is modified in the course of ovarian cancer, it is a promising source of tumor biomarkers. In this work, serum glycoproteins, depleted from albumin and IgG, were separated by 2DE. Protein spots of acute‐phase proteins were identified by peptide mapping and their corresponding glycan moieties were released enzymatically, fluorescently labeled and analyzed by CE‐LIF.

In the positive acute‐phase proteins, haptoglobin, α1‐antitrypsin, and α1‐antichymotrypsin, an increase of antennarity and LewisX motif could be measured in EOC patients on tri‐ and/or tetraantennary N‐glycans. Tetraantennary N‐glycans containing three LewisX epitopes and triantennary N‐glycans containing a β(1‐6) branch and a LewisX epitope were only present in EOC patients. We also showed for the first time that the core‐fucosylated biantennary digalactosylated N‐glycan of α1‐acid glycoprotein is a potential biomarker for EOC.

To conclude, core‐fucosylated biantennary N‐glycans on α1‐acid glycoprotein as well as higher antennarity and increased amounts of LewisX motif on haptoglobin, α1‐antitrypsin, and α1‐antichymotrypsin are promising biomarkers for EOC. Nevertheless, their specificity and selectivity for the early detection of EOC should be evaluated in a larger study.
Genotoxic mode of action predictions from a multiplexed flow cytometric assay and a machine learning approach
Authors: Bryce Steven M. , Bernacki Derek T. , Bemis Jeffrey C. , Dertinger Stephen D.
Published: January 2016

Several endpoints associated with cellular responses to DNA damage as well as overt cytotoxicity were multiplexed into a miniaturized, “add and read” type flow cytometric assay. Reagents included a detergent to liberate nuclei, RNase and propidium iodide to serve as a pan‐DNA dye, fluorescent antibodies against γH2AX, phospho‐histone H3, and p53, and fluorescent microspheres for absolute nuclei counts. The assay was applied to TK6 cells and 67 diverse reference chemicals that served as a training set. Exposure was for 24 hrs in 96‐well plates, and unless precipitation or foreknowledge about cytotoxicity suggested otherwise, the highest concentration was 1 mM. At 4‐ and 24‐hrs aliquots were removed and added to microtiter plates containing the reagent mix. Following a brief incubation period robotic sampling facilitated walk‐away data acquisition. Univariate analyses identified biomarkers and time points that were valuable for classifying agents into one of three groups: clastogenic, aneugenic, or non‐genotoxic. These mode of action predictions were optimized with a forward‐stepping process that considered Wald test p‐values, receiver operator characteristic curves, and pseudo R2 values, among others. A particularly high performing multinomial logistic regression model was comprised of four factors: 4 hr γH2AX and phospho‐histone H3 values, and 24 hr p53 and polyploidy values. For the training set chemicals, the four‐factor model resulted in 94% concordance with our a priori classifications. Cross validation occurred via a leave‐one‐out approach, and in this case 91% concordance was observed. A test set of 17 chemicals that were not used to construct the model were evaluated, some of which utilized a short‐term treatment in the presence of a metabolic activation system, and in 16 cases mode of action was correctly predicted. These initial results are encouraging as they suggest a machine learning strategy can be used to rapidly and reliably predict new chemicals' genotoxic mode of action based on data from an efficient and highly scalable multiplexed assay. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:171–189, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Information and Communication Technology in Energy Lab 2.0: Smart Energies System Simulation and Control Center with an Open‐Street‐Map‐Based Power Flow Simulation Example
Authors: Hagenmeyer Veit , Kemal Çakmak Hüseyin , Düpmeier Clemens , Faulwasser Timm , Isele Jörg , Keller Hubert B. , Kohlhepp Peter , Kühnapfel Uwe , Stucky Uwe , Waczowicz Simon , Mikut Ralf
Published: January 2016

In Energy Lab 2.0, the interplay of different forms of energy on different value chains is investigated. Novel concepts to stabilize the volatile energy supply of renewables by the use of storage systems and mainly by applying to‐be‐developed tools and algorithms of the information and communication technology sector are sought. Hence, a key element of Energy Lab 2.0 is the smart energies system simulation and control center. This consists of three parts: a power‐hardware‐in‐the‐loop experimental field, an energy grid simulation and analysis laboratory, and a control, monitoring, and visualization center. For these three labs, big data technologies, advanced control methods, and reliable, safe, and secure software structures are of equal importance. As an example, a data processing pipeline to create power flow simulation models from raw Open Street Map data, statistical databases, and geodata is presented and discussed.
Adaptive cluster sampling for negatively correlated data
Authors: Gattone Stefano A. , Mohamed Esha , Dryver Arthur L. , Münnich Ralf T.
Published: January 2016

Adaptive cluster sampling is a design specifically developed for rare and clustered populations. Using this sampling design, we consider the case when an auxiliary variable is available in addition to the variable of interest. The use of auxiliary information has been shown to improve the efficiency of estimators although this results in asymptotically design‐unbiased estimators. Consider wildlife population in a protected area. Its distribution and abundance can partly be influenced by such factors as disease and pollution where the presence of wildlife diseases or higher environmental pollution decreases population totals and the distribution of wildlife. This paper proposes two product estimators and their associated variance estimators for the adaptive cluster sampling design to be used when the study and auxiliary variables are negatively correlated. The exact expression of the bias together with the mean square error to the first degree of approximation has been obtained. We derived the conditions under which the proposed estimators provided a more accurate estimation than the Horvitz–Thompson and Hansen–Hurwitz estimators with adaptive cluster sampling and the product estimator with simple random sampling. A simulation study was carried out to show the performance of the proposed estimators. Moreover, theoretical findings were supported by a numerical example using real data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Throughput, energy and overhead of multicast device‐to‐device communications with network‐coded cooperation
Authors: Hernández Marcano Néstor J. , Heide Janus , Lucani Daniel E. , Fitzek Frank H. P.
Published: January 2016

Cooperation strategies in mobile networks typically rely in short‐range technologies, like LTE‐A device‐to‐device communications, for data exchange between devices forming mobile clouds. These communications provide a better device experience because the clouds offload the network. Nevertheless, this assumes that the throughput gains and energy savings in multicasting are much larger between devices than the base station to the receivers. However, current mobile networks suffer from many different issues varying the performance in data rates, which calls into question these assumptions. Therefore, a first objective of this work is to assess the operating regions where employing cooperation results in higher throughput and/or energy savings. We consider multicast scenarios with network‐coded mechanisms employing random linear network coding (RLNC). However, although RLNC is good for low amount of transmissions in multicast, it has an inherent overhead from extreme high or low field‐related caveats. Thus, as a second objective, we review and propose the application of new network codes that posses low overhead for multicasting, by having a short representation and low dependence probability. We provide an analytical framework with numerical results showing (i) gains of several fold can be attained even if the in‐device data rates are moderately larger (2×) than the cellular link data rate and (ii) that is feasible to attain less than 3% total mean overhead with the proposed codes. This is fairly lower than what can be achieved with RLNC schemes in most of the considered cases and achieving at least 1.5 − 2× gains. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heilig's Blechle!
Authors: Merklein Marion
Published: January 2016

Integrale Bauteile werden nicht nur in der Automobilindustrie immer wichtiger. Die Blechmassivumformung ist ein innovatives Verfahren, um solche leichten Grundkörper mit hoch belastbaren Multifunktionselementen herzustellen. Dabei liegen Vergleiche mit dem Leistungssport durchaus nahe.
Im Schatten von Schrödingers Katze
Authors: Bayer Manfred
Published: January 2016

Der Eigendrehimpuls von Elektronen in Halbleiter‐Hybridstrukturen ist das zentrale Thema des ersten deutsch‐russischen Sonderforschungsbereichs. Sein Sprecher, der Dortmunder Physiker Manfred Bayer, stellt den Verbund vor, gepaart mit persönlichen Eindrücken.
Investigation on porosity and permeability change of Mount Simon sandstone (Knox County, IN, USA) under geological CO2 sequestration conditions: a numerical simulation approach
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Soong Yee , Dilmore Robert M.
Published: January 2016

A numerical model was developed to simulate reactive transport with porosity and permeability change of Mount Simon sandstone (samples from Knox County, IN, USA) after 180 days of exposure to CO2‐saturated brine under CO2 sequestration conditions. The model predicted formation of a high‐porosity zone adjacent to the surface of the sample in contact with bulk brine, and a lower porosity zone just beyond that high‐porosity zone along the path from the sample/bulk brine interface to sample core. The formation of the high porosity zone was attributed to the dissolution of quartz and muscovite/illite, while the formation of the lower porosity zone adjacent to the high porosity zone was attributed to precipitation of kaolinite and feldspar. The model predicted a 40% permeability increase for the Knox sandstone sample after 180 days of exposure to CO2‐saturated brine, which was consistent with laboratory‐measured permeability results. Model‐predicted solution chemistry results were also found to be consistent with laboratory‐measured solution chemistry data. Initial porosity, initial feldspar content, and the exponent n value (determined by pore structure and tortuosity) used in permeability calculations were three important factors affecting permeability evolution of sandstone samples under CO2 sequestration conditions.
Using Top‐down and Bottom‐up Costing Approaches in LMICs: The Case for Using Both to Assess the Incremental Costs of New Technologies at Scale
Authors: Cunnama Lucy , Sinanovic Edina , Ramma Lebogang , Foster Nicola , Berrie Leigh , Stevens Wendy , Molapo Sebaka , Marokane Puleng , McCarthy Kerrigan , Churchyard Gavin , Vassall Anna
Published: January 2016

Purpose

Estimating the incremental costs of scaling‐up novel technologies in low‐income and middle‐income countries is a methodologically challenging and substantial empirical undertaking, in the absence of routine cost data collection. We demonstrate a best practice pragmatic approach to estimate the incremental costs of new technologies in low‐income and middle‐income countries, using the example of costing the scale‐up of Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/resistance to riframpicin (RIF) in South Africa.

Materials and methods

We estimate costs, by applying two distinct approaches of bottom‐up and top‐down costing, together with an assessment of processes and capacity.

Results

The unit costs measured using the different methods of bottom‐up and top‐down costing, respectively, are $US16.9 and $US33.5 for Xpert MTB/RIF, and $US6.3 and $US8.5 for microscopy. The incremental cost of Xpert MTB/RIF is estimated to be between $US14.7 and $US17.7. While the average cost of Xpert MTB/RIF was higher than previous studies using standard methods, the incremental cost of Xpert MTB/RIF was found to be lower.

Conclusion

Costs estimates are highly dependent on the method used, so an approach, which clearly identifies resource‐use data collected from a bottom‐up or top‐down perspective, together with capacity measurement, is recommended as a pragmatic approach to capture true incremental cost where routine cost data are scarce.
What Determines HIV Prevention Costs at Scale? Evidence from the Avahan Programme in India
Authors: Lépine Aurélia , Chandrashekar Sudhashree , Shetty Govindraj , Vickerman Peter , Bradley Janet , Alary Michel , Moses Stephen ,   CHARME India Group, Vassall Anna
Published: January 2016

Expanding essential health services through non‐government organisations (NGOs) is a central strategy for achieving universal health coverage in many low‐income and middle‐income countries. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention services for key populations are commonly delivered through NGOs and have been demonstrated to be cost‐effective and of substantial global public health importance. However, funding for HIV prevention remains scarce, and there are growing calls internationally to improve the efficiency of HIV prevention programmes as a key strategy to reach global HIV targets. To date, there is limited evidence on the determinants of costs of HIV prevention delivered through NGOs; and thus, policymakers have little guidance in how best to design programmes that are both effective and efficient. We collected economic costs from the Indian Avahan initiative, the largest HIV prevention project conducted globally, during the first 4 years of its implementation. We use a fixed‐effect panel estimator and a random‐intercept model to investigate the determinants of average cost. We find that programme design choices such as NGO scale, the extent of community involvement, the way in which support is offered to NGOs and how clinical services are organised substantially impact average cost in a grant‐based payment setting. © 2016 The Authors. Health Economics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.