bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient prestimulus connectivity biases visual content
Authors: Rassi Elie
Published: July 2019

Ongoing fluctuations in prestimulus neural excitability and connectivity patterns influence near-threshold detection, or whether or not a stimulus is perceived. Do they also influence whether one or another stimulus is perceived? In this Magnetoencepahlography study, we showed participants brief presentations of a bi-stable image consisting of a face superimposed with a house, and asked them to report which of the two contents of the image they perceived on each trial. Multivariate pattern analysis revealed that perceiving bi-stable faces and houses shared common neural substrates with perceiving unambiguous faces and houses. After source localizing the post-stimulus signals to the FFA, we analyzed oscillatory power and connectivity in FFA during a prestimulus interval. We found no differences in FFA power, but we did find differences in FFA connectivity prior to face vs house reports. Specifically, local graph theoretical measures showed that in the alpha frequency range (8-13 Hz), FFA was more efficiently and robustly connected to the rest of cortex prior to face reports. These prestimulus connectivity measures additionally predicted the accuracy of post-stimulus decoding. Our work suggests that object perception is shaped by ongoing network states captured with connectivity measures.
APRESIASI DAN KRITIK TERHADAP ALIRAN-ALIRAN FILSAFAT PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Romdloni Romdloni
Published: July 2019

Filsafat adalah hasil pemikiran ahli-ahli filsafat atau filosof-filosof sepanjang zaman diseluruh dunia. Sejarah pemikiran filsafat yang amat panjang dibandingkan dengan sejarah ilmu pengetahuan, telah memperkaya khazanah (perbendaharaan) ilmu filsafat. Sebagai ilmu tersendiri filsafat tidak saja telah menarik minat dan perhatian para pemikir, tetapi bahkan filsafat telah amat banyak mempengaruhi perkembangan seluruh budaya umat manusia. Sebagai hasil dari pemikiran para filosuf, filsafat telah melahirkan berbagai macam pandangan dan aliran yang berbeda-beda. Pandangan-pandangan filosuf itu ada kalanya saling menguatkan dan ada juga yang saling berlawanan. Hal ini antara lain disebabkan oleh pendekatan yang mereka pakai juga berbeda-beda walaupun untuk objek dan masalah yang sama. Karena perbedaan dalam pendekatan itu, maka kesimpulan yang didapat juga akan berbeda. Perbedaan pandangan filsafat tersebut juga terjadi dalam pemikiran filsafat pendidikan, sehingga muncul aliran-aliran filsafat pendidikan. Beberapa aliran filsafat pendidikan tersebut yaitu perenialisme, esensialisme, progresivisme, rekonstruksionisme dan eksistensialisme.
Holographic focusing and holographic space-time
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: July 2019

Holographic focusing and holographic space-time
Agent-based kinetics: A nonspatial stochastic method for simulating the dynamics of heterogeneous populations.
Authors: Plakantonakis Alex
Published: July 2019

Molecular, cellular, or organismal populations are heterogeneous in that they are made up of distinct individuals, each endowed with a unique set of properties that determine how they will respond to various kinds of stimuli and conditions. While the mechanisms that give rise to population heterogeneity are in many cases known, its effects on the dynamics of coupled processes and population time trajectories are not well understood. We have addressed this issue by developing an algorithmic framework for taking into account different forms of heterogeneity, thus allowing for the systematic study of individual variation on the emergent properties of the collective. We show on theoretical grounds and through simulations that the stochastic method we have developed, termed agent-based kinetics, correctly predicts the time evolution of populations and can be flexibly implemented for use in a variety of fields, such as biochemistry, cell biology, ecology, and epidemiology. This monograph surveys examples from the aforementioned fields to showcase the use of the algorithm, compares its predictions to those of the deterministic and other stochastic approaches, and examines the roles of noise in low copy number populations and the presence of heterogeneity on a system's dynamics. Special emphasis is given to the simulation of modular collections of coupled processes, or motifs, that exhibit distinct qualitative behaviors, such as continuous and discontinuous (hysteretic) switching, and oscillatory activity. We also present how our method can be used to perform sensitivity analysis with respect to quantitative measures of population heterogeneity.
Effect of Example Non Example Method Implementation in Scientific Approach and Discovery Learning Model on VII Grade Students' Psychomotor Competence in Learning Natural Science
Authors: Amrianto Amrianto , Lufri
Published: July 2019

Based on the result of questionnaire spread in junior high school 18 Padang, it was found that teachers still have difficulties to make students active in learning process. Beside that, teachers have not implemented cooperative learning, as a requirement of the 2013 Curriculum, in teaching in the classroom. In addition, students rarely ask questions and express their opinion or ideas in learning process. It shows that students' presentation skill (asking questions and expressing opinion or ideas) is still low. Therefore, there is an alternative solution to solve the problems, which is example non example method. This method is one of cooperative learning. Through cooperative learning, students are provided a situation to present their discussion result. Furthermore, it can also support the implementation of discovery learning model and scientific approach in learning process. The discovery learning and scientific approach are recommended in the 2013 Curriculum. The purpose of the research was to know effect of example non example method in scientificapproach and discovery learning model on students' psychomotor competence in learning IPA. It was a quasi experimental research. It was done in grade VII of junior high school 18 Padang. Instrument used was observation sheet. Technique of data analysis used Mann Whitney U test. The Analysis was done by using SPSS software. The finding shows that there is effect of example non example method on students' psychomotor competence in learning IPA. From the hypothesis testing, it is known that sig. Value < 0,05 or 0,030 <0,05.
Identifikasi Miskonsepsi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika Dengan Menggunakan Metode CRI (Certanty Of Response Index) Pada Materi Ekologi Mata Kuliah Biologi
Authors: Lidi Maria Waldetrudis , Mei Maria Fatima , Wondo Maria Trisno Sero
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui miskonsepsi mahasiswa pendidikan matematika Universitas Flores pada konsep-konsep ekologi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan satu variable yaitu miskonsepsi pada konsep-konsep ekologi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi data ke dalam kategori miskonsepsi (M), paham konsep (PK), paham konsep tapi kurang yakin (PKKY), dan tidak tahu konsep (TTK) kemudian dilihat persentase untuk masing-masing kategori pada setiap indikator. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar mahasiswa matematika mengalami miskonsepsi pada konsep-konsep ekologi dengan rata-rata persentasi mahasiswa yang mengalami miskonsepsi sebesar 51,95%, tidak tahu konsep sebesar 38,28%, paham konsep sebesar 10,34%, dan paham konsep tapi kurang yakin sebesar 9,49%. Sebagian besar konsep-konsep yang diujikan memberikan dampak kuat pada miskonsepsi, diantaranya ekosistem dan komponennya, interaksi dalam ekosistem dan kaitannya dengan keseimbangan lingkungan, aliran energi dan kaitannya dengan keseimbangan lingkungan serta pemecahan masalah kerusakan lingkungan dengan pendekatan konsep-konsep ekologi.
Two words as one: A multi-naming investigation of the age-of-acquisition effect in compound word processing
Authors: Elsherif Mahmoud Medhat , Catling Jon , Frisson Steven
Published: July 2019

Previous research has shown that early-acquired words are produced faster than late-acquired words (see Juhasz, 2005). Juhasz and colleagues (Juhasz, Lai & Woodcock, 2015; Juhasz, 2018) argue that the Age-of-Acquisition (AoA) loci for complex words, specifically compound words, are found at the lexical/semantic level. In the current study, two experiments were conducted to evaluate this claim and investigate the influence of AoA in reading compound words aloud. In Experiment 1, 48 participants completed a word naming task. Using general linear mixed modelling, we found that the age at which the compound word was learned significantly affected the naming latencies beyond the other psycholinguistic properties measured. The second experiment required 48 participants to name the compound word when the two morphemes were presented with a space in-between (combinatorial naming, e.g. air plane). We found that the age at which the compound word was learned, as well as the AoA of the individual morphemes that formed the compound word, significantly influenced combinatorial naming latency. These findings are discussed in relation to theories of the AoA in language processing.
Professional characteristics of an educator: A survey of literature
Authors: Anitha J. , Krishnaveni R.
Published: July 2019

Literature has shown that various studies have dealt with different professional features of teaching and they have focused on one or few professional characteristics of educators. In spite of the immense amount of literature on educator characteristics, a comprehensive study that would encompass the vital professional characteristics of an educator in total is lacking. This has instigated the researcher to take up the study to identify the professional characteristics of an educator. An attempt was made in identifying the educators' characteristics using student outcome as a boundary criterion to select the characteristics from among several that are available in the literature. Therefore, a new model of professional characteristics of educators was proposed. This paper discusses in detail, the characteristics of a profession in general and the wide range of educator’s characteristics as studied in previous researches. The paper presents a wide scope for the models developed to be studied in depth to appreciate and investigate more about the professional characteristics identified through this review of literature. The models may also be tested empirically for further accumulation of knowledge in the field.
An Analysis of Push and Pull Travel Motivations of Domestic Tourists in Nepal
Authors: Baniya Rojan , Paudel Kirtika
Published: July 2019

A rigorous analysis of tourist motivation should guide the success of marketing destinations, and the primary objective of this study is to use widely accepted ‘integrative models of push and pull motives’ to analyze travel motivations of Nepali domestic tourists. Drawing from the previous studies, investigating the direct effect of push and pull motives on domestic travel motivation, this study proposes that both push and pull motives are important determinants of domestic travel motivations, however pull factors are significantly more important than push factors for domestic travel motivations. 132 domestic travellers who travelled domestically in past six months participated in the study. One sample T-test, paired-samples T-test and mean ranking were conducted to test hypotheses. One sample T-test showed significant importance of both implicit and explicit motives, and paired sample T-test results showed pull motives are significantly more important for domestic travel motivation. Mean ranking of the constructs within pull motives showed easy access and affordability, variety seeking and history culture are top reasons for domestic travellers to visit a place. Escape daily life, seeking relaxation and sightseeing variety were top three reasons for domestic travel motivation as push motive constructs. The study’s findings unravel Nepal’s domestic tourist’s motivations, and provide practitioners and policymakers with a base to develop an effective strategy to improve the domestic tourism in Nepal.
Fiscal Decentralization and Human Poverty in Nepal: A Causal Analysis
Authors: Khanal Gopi K.
Published: July 2019

This paper examines the contribution of fiscal decentralization on reducing human poverty in the districts of Nepal. Development landscape of twenty-first century has changed with more focus on human-centric development under the umbrella of human development. Accordingly, the broader goal of development is not only to increase the economic growth but also to enlarge the choices of people. The key finding of this paper is that the ongoing efforts on fiscal decentralization are supportive to reduce the human poverty in the districts. However, fiscal decentralization does not support to improve every dimension of human development. The paper also finds that urbanization is good for reducing human poverty.
Corruption in Nepal: Level, Pattern and Trend Analysis
Authors: Gupta Anil Kumar , Adhikari Shiva Hari , Shrestha Gyan Laxmi
Published: July 2019

The Government of Nepal has adopted various policies, plans and programs to curb corruption over the years. However, Transparency International (2015) showed that there is a high level of corruption in Nepal. Bearing such aspect in the mind, the study aims to analyse level, pattern and trend of corruption in Nepal by analysing the cases published by Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority in its annual reports from 2005 to 2015. Applying descriptive and bivariate analysis, it draws a level, trend and pattern of corruption and improper conduct using the disaggregated level data. Similarly, it seeks to analyse the relationship between corruption and gender as well as a position of a public official and working place of officials. Findings of this study showed that Nepal has relatively decreased the global corruption index of 2015 compared to 2013 and 2014. It is interesting to note that corruption cases lodged decreased dramatically from 2006 to 2008, however, it started to increase from 2008 onward. Similarly, it is seen that there was no significant fluctuation noticed in the number of complaints received and resolved in the Year between 2006 and 2015. During the Year between 2005 and 2015, the Central Development Region had the highest annual number of corruption and improper complaints registered, whereas the Far-Western Development Region had the lowest. Similarly, Tarai districts recorded the highest number of corruption cases complaints between 2005 and 2013. During the Year 2005 to 2015, Mahottari was repeatedly listed in the top 10 districts registering highest number of corruption and improper conduct's complaints. Additionally, this study also showed a significant relationship in gender, position, working place, and types of corruption with small to moderate effect which offers a new and conclusive perspective in a debate in the scientific community regarding their association.
The Prospect of Accountability in Local Governance in Nepal
Authors: Dhungana Hari P.
Published: July 2019

Government accountability is intrinsic to democracies, as citizens can choose public officials through their popular vote and accordingly exercise some control and oversight over the officials. But elections held in periodic intervals do not allow the scrutiny of the decisions and activities that are conducted on a daily basis. This article examines how to confront this challenge of holding the governments to account, by looking into local governance in Nepal, where citizens have limited knowledge of the government decisions, activities, procedures followed, and their outcomes. This article is developed from the review of policies and laws and semi-structured interviews with elected leaders, civil service personnel, and other stakeholders in select local governments in Nepal. It argues that accountability in local government requires attention not only to laws, but also the practices of civic interaction and the willingness of elected officials and citizens in these engagements. It starts by establishing how the country’s new Constitution of Nepal (2015) espouses a local social contract in view of its division of jurisdictions. It then identifies and analyses the main approaches and tools on government accountability. These encompass broad constitutional provisions to specific legal, institutional and technocratic measures to hold officials to account. It then reveals recent local level experiences around the use of accountability tools and shows that the legacy of widespread collusion and misuse of power continues to be a bottleneck. It concludes that there is a need to foster greater civic demands on accountability and foster measures for deliberation at the municipal level on a more regular basis. Overall, local government accountability should be envisioned as a work-in-progress pursuit and should be coupled with systems of local planning and implementation and vitalization of local democracy.
Instrumenti procjene grubih motoričkih funkcija u djece s cerebralnom paralizom
Authors: Katušić Ana , Milaščević Darko , Gagula Jasminka
Published: July 2019

Procjena u promjeni motoričke funkcije djece s cerebralnom paralizom složen je mjerni zadatak. Iako su razvijeni različiti instrumenti procjene za kvantificiranje specifičnih aspekata motoričkog ponašanja, sustavno mjerenje grubih motoričkih funkcija predstavlja zahtjevan problem u praksi. Ovaj rad kritički prikazuje valjane i klinički utemeljene instrumente procjene koji se koriste u randomiziranim kontroliranim istraživanjima na području cerebralne paralize. Razvijanje i vrednovanje odgovarajućih mjernih instrumenata važno je za procjenu znanstveno utemeljenih pristupa u habilitaciji djece s cerebralnom paralizom.
Gambaran Senyawa Bioaktif dalam Sediaan Celup Binahong (Anredera Cordifolia (Ten) Steenis)
Authors: Tjahjani Nur Patria , Yusniawati Yusniawati
Published: July 2019

Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) adalah tanaman obat, asli dari Amerika Selatan, dikenal memiliki khasiat penyembuhan yang luar biasa oleh sebab itu digunakan sebagai obat tradisional.Zat bioaktif dalam tanaman binahong dapat membantu proses penyembuhan penyakit-penyakit degeneratif seperti kerusakan ginjal, diabetes, pembengkakan jantung, strok, wasir dan asam urat. Skrining fitokimia ekstrak etanol menunjukkan daun binahong mengandung senyawa bioaktif fenolik, flavonoid, triterpenoid, β-sitosterol, alkaloid dan saponin. Masyarakat sering menggunakan rebusan air binahong sebagai minuman tradisional untuk menyembuhkan beberapa penyakit, antara lainpenyakit maag, asam urat, diabetes, menjaga daya tahan tubuh, serta melancarkan buang air kecil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung dalam ekstrak air sediaan celup binahong.Daun binahong dikeringkan, dilakukan sortasi dan pengecilan ukuran  dengan menggunakan blender, selanjutnya dimasukkan dalam kemasan celup.Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan ekstrak air sediaan celup binahong adalah metode maserasi dengan menggunakan pelarut air panas. Identifikasi kandungan senyawa bioaktif digunakan reaksi kimia kualitatif, yaitu reaksi warna dan reaksi pengendapan. Uji yang dilakukan adalah uji fenolik, flavonoid, saponin, steroid, terpenoid, dan uji alkaloid.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada daun binahong dapat disimpulkan bahwa kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang terdapat pada ekstrak air  sediaan celup Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) adalah Fenolik, Saponin dan Alkaloid.
PENETAPAN KADAR FENOLIK TOTAL EKSTRAK ETANOL BUNGA TELANG (CLITORIA TERNATEA L.) DENGAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV VIS
Authors: Andriani Disa , Murtisiwi Lusia
Published: July 2019

Banyak penyakit yang disebabkan oleh radikal bebas. Aktivitas radikal bebas dapat diredam dengan menggunakan antioksidan. Antioksidan mampu melindungi tubuh terhadap kerusakan yang disebabkan senyawa oksigen reaktif, mampu menghambat terjadinya penyakit degeneratif. Salah satu alternatif antioksidan alami adalah menggunakan Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea. L). Bunga telang telah diteliti memiliki kandungan kimia fenolik, flavonoid, antosianin, flavonol glikosida, kaempferol glikosida, quersetin glikosida, mirisetin glikosida. Senyawa fenolik memiliki gugus hidroksi sehingga mampu mendonorkan hidrogennya dan dapat menetralkan kekurangan elektron pada radikal bebas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menetapkan kadar fenolik total pada ekstrak etanol bunga telang. Bunga telang diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol. Kada fenolik total ditetapkan dengan spektrofotometri UV dengan pereaksi folin ciocalteau. Prinsip dari metode ini adalah terbentuknya senyawa kompleks berwarna biru dari fosfomolibdat fosfotungstat yang direduksi senyawa fenolik dalam suasana basa yang dapat diukur secara spektrofotometri. Sebagai pembanding digunakan asam galat. Kadar fenolik total pada ekstrak etanol bunga telang adalah 19,43 ± 1,621 GAE (mg/g sampel). Keywords: Clitoria ternatea L., ekstrak etanol, fenolik total
Implementasi E-Learning Dalam Kegiatan Pembelajaran Pgmi Iain Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi
Authors: Al-Ihwanah Al-Ihwanah
Published: July 2019

Kemajuan tekhnologi telah berpengaruh besar pada dunia pendidikan. Seiring kemajuan tersebut, PGMI IAIN Shulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi berusaha mengembangkan kegiatan pembelajaran dengan implementasi e-learning. E-learning merupakan terobosan baru untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. E-learning yang diimplementasikan di PGMI IAIN STS Jambi berfungsi memfasilitasi dosen untuk berinteraksi dengan mahasiswa tanpa mengenal tempat dan tanpa mengenal waktu. Elearning ini bertujuan selain dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar mahasiswa juga dapat melatih mahasiswa untuk lebih mandiri dalam meningkatkan soft skillnya. Melalui e-learning, dosen dapat menjadi fasilitator bagi mahasiswa yang melakukan diskusi online. Adapun tema diskusi online dapat disepakati ketika tatap muka di kelas. Meskipun demikian, e-learning di sini sama sekali tidak bermaksud untuk menggantikan pembelajaran di kelas, melainkan untuk menambah waktu pembelajaran saja. Hal ini dilakukan karena bagaimanapun juga, interaksi pembelajaran secara langsung di kelas dan interaksi pembelajaran secara online via e-learning masing-masing memiliki kelebihan dan kelemahan. Sehingga keduanya tetap dilaksanakan guna saling melengkapi satu sama lain. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran secara efektif dan efisien
Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Lectora Inspire Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Interaktif
Authors: Shalikhah Norma Dewi
Published: July 2019

Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) berjalan sangat cepat. Tren penggunaan ICT dalam dunia pendidikan semakin marak. Berbagai teknologi dan aplikasi pendukung telah banyak dikembangkan dalam dunia pendidikan. Seorang guru sebagai perencana pembelajaran dituntut untuk mampu merancang pembelajaran dengan memanfaatkan berbagai jenis media dan sumber belajar yang sesuai agar proses pembelajaran berlangsung secara efektif dan efisien. Penggunaan media pembelajaran interaktif merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan guru untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar peserta didik. Penggunaan media pembelajaran interaktif diharapkan membantu peserta didik dalam memahami dan menerima proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru. Media pembelajaran interaktif dapat mewakili apa yang belum bisa disampaikan guru dan proses pembelajaran akan lebih efektif dan efisien. Melalui aplikasi Lectora inspire, seorang guru dapat dengan mudah mengembangkan media pembelajaran interaktif sendiri, sehingga dapat disesuaikan dengan lingkungan, situasi, dan kondisi dari peserta didik.
Troubles de l’alimentation : facteurs de risque pour la douleur et l’addiction ?
Authors: Awad G. , Befort K.
Published: July 2019

Les troubles du comportement alimentaire altèrent le circuit cérébral de la récompense et sont caractérisés par une perte du contrôle de la prise alimentaire. Ces troubles sont accompagnés de modifications neurobiologiques associées au comportement de type addictif et impliquent des processus neuro-inflammatoires qui pourraient être à l’origine du développement de douleurs chroniques.
Cannabis et prise en charge antalgique : quelles conséquences sur la prescription d’opioïdes forts ? Étude observationnelle au centre Léon-Bérard d’une population de patients atteints d’un cancer du poumon
Authors: Renard O. , Corbin S. , Drouet Y. , Lasset C. , Chvetzoff G.
Published: July 2019

Introduction : La consommation de cannabis at-elle un impact sur la prescription d’opioïdes forts chez les patients de moins de 50 ans atteints de cancer bronchique ?

Méthode : Étude de cohorte rétrospective, monocentrique.

Résultats : Soixante-dix-neuf patients inclus, 51 ne consommant pas de cannabis, 28 en consommant. Pas d’ascension d’opioïdes significativement supérieure dans le groupe cannabis, mais introduction d’opioïde significativement plus précoce dans le groupe cannabis.

Conclusion : L’impact de la consommation de cannabis sur la prescription d’opioïdes des patients atteints de cancer bronchique n’est pas confirmé.
Prescriptions et usages de prégabaline : analyse d’une cohorte de 419 patients en centre d’étude et de traitement de la douleur et revue de la littérature
Authors: Mick G. , Gillet D. , Heritier S. , Garcia-Porra C. , Bochet E.
Published: July 2019

Du fait de l’augmentation du nombre de prescription de prégabaline dans le domaine de la douleur chronique et de cas relevés de mésusage récréatif ou toxicomaniaque avec ce médicament dans le monde, dans le contexte de la crise sanitaire en cours avec l’usage des opioïdes aux États-Unis, la crainte d’un risque addictif directement lié à l’usage de cette molécule a incité les autorités de divers pays à une surveillance accrue. Les recueils effectués par les centres de pharmacovigilance concernant la prégabaline relevant avant tout les situations considérées comme anormales, la description de l’usage de cette molécule au quotidien par un ensemble de prescripteurs et d’utilisateurs durant une période prolongée reflète mieux les conditions naturelles d’emploi de cette molécule et permet d’identifier les divers types de comportements des professionnels et usagers de santé à son égard. Une analyse rétrospective des dossiers de patients utilisateurs de prégabaline reçus et suivis dans une structure d’évaluation et prise en charge de la douleur pendant six ans a été réalisée, comprenant des données précises concernant les conditions d’usage et les effets du médicament. Les données issues de la littérature internationale et celles issues de l’étude montrent que le risque de mésusage et addictif est faible dans un contexte de prescription antalgique et de suivi médical adéquat, alors qu’il est élevé et directement lié à un mésusage de type récréatif ou toxicomaniaque en association avec les opioïdes ou l’alcool, en particulier dans la population jeune et en dehors du milieu des soins. Des recommandations d’usage de la prégabaline sont proposées aux professionnels afin de rappeler ces facteurs de risque.
Materijalna baza proizvodnje – nekoliko napomena o virtualnosti
Authors: Pavlić Goran
Published: July 2019

The difference between the “real,” “authentic” life and its mere representation has saturated the philosophical discourse from its very onset. Debord’s The Society of the Spectacle usually gets categorized as a further elaboration on this issue. The essential misapprehension of such an understanding lies in the disregard of Debord’s constitutive thesis: “the spectacle is not a collection of images; it is a social relation between people that is mediated by images.” (§ 4) In cultural perspectives, the “real” material dynamics of life – relations between people – is replaced by a purported exchange of images which lack any authenticity.
The concept of cognitive capitalism (Vercellone, 2005), with its theses on the contemporary domination of information and knowledge within capitalist reproduction, further validates this opposition. According to Doogan’s (2009) thoroughly researched and empirically founded insights, our world is still heavily dominated by crude material production which precludes any notion of a new, post-Fordist, virtual, immaterial, post-work stage of capitalism. Similarly, Huws (2003, 2014) warns of the dubious status of the concepts of fluid identities, or hybrid subjectivities, and stresses the prevalence of class and gender issues which still substantially affect the working spheres. Drawing on Davis’s (2013) insights on the necessity of class analysis for the comprehension of the artistic field, I will present the modes in which “creativity” functions as a neoliberal buzzword. More specifically, I will outline the ways in which systemic exploitation, as an intrinsic feature of capitalism, still structures the dynamics of the art field, particularly areas that are fashionably known as “creative industries”.
Endoscopic transorbital and endonasal approach for trigeminal schwannomas: a retrospective multicenter analysis (KOSEN-005)
Authors: Park Hun Ho , Hong Sang Duk , Kim Yong Hwy , Hong Chang-Ki , Woo Kyung In , Yun In-Sik , Kong Doo-Sik
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

Trigeminal schwannomas are rare neoplasms with an incidence of less than 1% that require a comprehensive surgical strategy. These tumors can occur anywhere along the path of the trigeminal nerve, capable of extending intradurally into the middle and posterior fossae, and extracranially into the orbital, pterygopalatine, and infratemporal fossa. Recent advancements in endoscopic surgery have suggested a more minimally invasive and direct route for tumors in and around Meckel’s cave, including the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) and endoscopic transorbital superior eyelid approach (ETOA). The authors assess the feasibility and outcomes of EEA and ETOA for trigeminal schwannomas.

METHODS

A retrospective multicenter analysis was performed on 25 patients who underwent endoscopic surgical treatment for trigeminal schwannomas between September 2011 and February 2019. Thirteen patients (52%) underwent EEA and 12 (48%) had ETOA, one of whom underwent a combined approach with retrosigmoid craniotomy. The extent of resection, clinical outcome, and surgical morbidity were analyzed to evaluate the feasibility and selection of surgical approach between EEA and ETOA based on predominant location of trigeminal schwannomas.

RESULTS

According to predominant tumor location, 9 patients (36%) had middle fossa tumors (Samii type A), 8 patients (32%) had dumbbell-shaped tumors located in the middle and posterior cranial fossae (Samii type C), and another 8 patients (32%) had extracranial tumors (Samii type D). Gross-total resection (GTR, n = 12) and near-total resection (NTR, n = 7) were achieved in 19 patients (76%). The GTR/NTR rates were 81.8% for ETOA and 69.2% for EEA. The GTR/NTR rates of ETOA and EEA according to the classifications were 100% and 50% for tumors confined to the middle cranial fossa, 75% and 33% for dumbbell-shaped tumors located in the middle and posterior cranial fossae, and 50% and 100% for extracranial tumors. There were no postoperative CSF leaks. The most common preoperative symptom was trigeminal sensory dysfunction, which improved in 15 of 21 patients (71.4%). Three patients experienced new postoperative complications such as vasospasm (n = 1), wound infection (n = 1), and medial gaze palsy (n = 1).

CONCLUSIONS

ETOA provides adequate access and resectability for trigeminal schwannomas limited in the middle fossa or dumbbell-shaped tumors located in the middle and posterior fossae, as does EEA for extracranial tumors. Tumors predominantly involving the posterior fossa still remain a challenge in endoscopic surgery.
In-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay with craniotomy versus craniectomy for acute subdural hemorrhage: a multicenter, propensity score–matched analysis
Authors: Shibahashi Keita , Sugiyama Kazuhiro , Tomio Jun , Hoda Hidenori , Morita Akio
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

The optimal surgical treatment for acute subdural hemorrhage (ASDH) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes in patients who underwent craniotomy with those in patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy for the treatment of ASDH.

METHODS

Using the Japan Trauma Data Bank, a nationwide trauma registry, the authors identified patients aged ≥ 18 years with ASDH who underwent surgical evacuation after blunt head trauma between 2004 and 2015. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate a propensity score to predict decompressive craniectomy use. They then used propensity score–matched analysis to compare patients who underwent craniotomy with those who underwent decompressive craniectomy. To identify the potential benefits and disadvantages of decompressive craniectomy among different subgroups, they estimated the interactions between treatment and the subgroups using logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

Of 236,698 patients who were registered in the database, 1788 were eligible for propensity score–matched analysis. The final analysis included 514 patients who underwent craniotomy and 514 patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy. The in-hospital mortality did not differ significantly between the groups (41.6% for the craniotomy group vs 39.1% for the decompressive craniectomy group; absolute difference −2.5%; 95% CI −8.5% to 3.5%). The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy (median 23 days [IQR 4–52 days] vs 30 days [IQR 7–60 days], p = 0.005). Subgroup analyses demonstrated qualitative interactions between decompressive craniectomy and the patient subgroups, suggesting that patients who were more severely injured (Glasgow Coma Scale score < 9 and probability of survival < 0.64) and those involved in high-energy injuries may be good candidates for decompressive craniectomy.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study showed that overall, decompressive craniectomy did not appear to be superior to craniotomy in ASDH treatment in terms of in-hospital mortality. In contrast, there were significant differences in the effectiveness of decompressive craniectomy between the subgroups. Thus, future studies should prioritize the identification of a subset of patients who will possibly benefit from the performance of each of the procedures.
Cognitive Vulnerabilities to Anxiety
Authors: Sučević Mirjana , Kurtović Ana
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of personality, anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty and self-esteem on different anxiety symptoms. A total of 436 university students completed
measures of personality, anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, self-esteem, and symptoms of panic, worry and social anxiety. Results have shown that neuroticism, conscientiousness and psychological concerns (anxiety sensitivity) predict symptoms of panic and that psychological concerns mediate the relationship between neuroticism and panic. Worry was predicted by neuroticism, prospective and inhibitory intolerance of uncertainty and self-liking, with intolerance of uncertainty mediating between neuroticism and worry. Finally, neuroticism, openness to experiences and extraversion, as well as social concerns (anxiety sensitivity), inhibitory intolerance of uncertainty and self-liking predicted social anxiety. Social concerns, inhibitory intolerance of uncertainty and self-liking mediated the effects of neuroticism and extraversion on social anxiety. Results offer
support to neuroticism being a universal risk factor and anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty and self-esteem having specific effects on anxiety symptoms.
Povezanost pristupa poučavanju s percipiranom samoefikasnosti, zadovoljstvom poslom i životom te emocijama učitelja u osnovnoj školi
Authors: Vidić Tomislava , Miljković Dubravka
Published: July 2019

Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio ispitati povezanost pristupa poučavanju sa
samoefikasnosti, zadovoljstvom životom i poslom učitelja te u kojoj mjeri učitelji u osnovnoj školi doživljavaju pozitivne i negativne emocije. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 254 učitelja iz osam zagrebačkih osnovnih škola. Rezultati su pokazali značajne povezanosti između pristupa poučavanja i dimenzija samoefikasnosti učitelja (angažiranost, strategije poučavanja, upravljanje razredom). Zadovoljstvo poslom značajno je povezano sa zadovoljstvom životom i pozitivnim emocijama. Negativne emocije značajno su negativno povezane sa zadovoljstvom poslom
i životom. Učitelji koji imaju pristup poučavanja usmjeren na učenika statistički se značajno razlikuju od učitelja s pristupom usmjerenim na učitelja u dimenziji samoefikasnosti (strategije poučavanja) te češće doživljavaju pozitivne emocije: zainteresiranost, uzbuđenost i pozornost. Učitelji razredne nastave pokazali su veću angažiranost u odnosu na učitelje predmetne nastave. Učitelji s više od deset godina radnog iskustva statistički se značajno razlikuju od učitelja s manje godina radnoga iskustva u pristupima poučavanju i samoefikasnosti te češće doživljavaju ponos i budnost. S druge strane, učitelji s deset i manje od deset godina radnoga iskustva češće se osjećaju prestrašeno.
Svjesnost u roditeljstvu majki i očeva djece različite dobi
Authors: Reić Ercegovac Ina , Ljubetić Maja
Published: July 2019

Cilj je ovoga rada bio istražiti koncept svjesnosti u roditeljstvu (engl. mindful parenting) s obzirom na njegovu strukturu, povezanost s konceptom usredotočene svjesnosti (engl. mindfulness) i doživljajem roditeljstva, te ispitati razlikuju li se majke i očevi djece različite dobi u svjesnom roditeljstvu. Jedan od ciljeva ovoga istraživanja bio je
validirati hrvatsku verziju Upitnika svjesnog roditeljstva (McCaffrey, 2015), za koji je autorica utvrdila da se sastoji od dva faktora – roditeljske samoefikasnosti i usmjerenosti na dijete. Stoga se u istraživanje krenulo od pretpostavke da će podaci prikupljeni na uzorku naših roditelja također potvrditi dvofaktorsku strukturu Upitnika. Također, pretpostavka je bila da će majke iskazati višu razinu svjesnosti u roditeljstvu u odnosu na očeve, da će usredotočena svjesnost biti značajan prediktor svjesnog roditeljstva, kao i pozitivno
iskustvo s vlastitim roditeljima u djetinjstvu. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 515 roditelja (320 majki i 195 očeva) koji su ispunili Upitnik općih podataka, Kratku skalu iskustva s vlastitim roditeljima, Skalu usredotočeno svjesne pažnje i svjesnosti, Upitnik svjesnog roditeljstva te Skalu roditeljske kompetentnosti. Rezultati su pokazali da podaci prikupljeni ovim istraživanjem bolje pristaju modelu svjesnog roditeljstva s pet faktora: usmjeravanje pažnje na dijete s prihvaćanjem, empatično razumijevanje djeteta, roditeljska samoefikasnost, roditeljska svjesnost te ne-reaktivnost. Nadalje, pokazalo se da majke više usmjeravaju pažnju na dijete te iskazuju višu razinu empatičnog razumijevanja u odnosu na očeve. Utvrđena je značajna povezanost svjesnog roditeljstva s percepcijom roditeljske kompetentnosti i zadovoljstva dok se, suprotno očekivanjima, usredotočena svjesnost na intrapersonalnoj razini nije pokazala značajnim prediktorom svjesnosti u roditeljstvu. Pozitivno iskustvo s vlastitim roditeljima tijekom odrastanja značajan je prediktor svih dimenzija svjesnog roditeljstva.
Developing a Multidisciplinary Tourism Planning Approach on Cultural Routes
Authors: SABIR Beste
Published: July 2019

Essence of the cultural routes
can be described as a flow in the
space where the cultivated tourists
rediscover a slow lifestyle, meet with the local area in many ways -multi layers
of the area unfolds to the tourists, they exchange knowledge with the local
environment, learn about the area also they leave behind a knowledge too - to
the local habitants of the place. This is a double-sided
exchange. Thus, the settlements overlapping with the cultural routes need to be
approached and planned with a special touch and awareness -related with the
local data. Therefore, a multidisciplinary
approach is needed. Paper will examine specific points related to this
unfolding process such as: Essence of the walking; experiencing the nature;
respecting culture and history. Three routes will be examined and interrelated
for the “good practice” and learn from the others in order to reach sustainable
and multidisciplinary planning insights.
On the Density of Regular Languages
Authors: Koga Toshihiro
Published: July 2019

Let ∑ be an alphabet which has at least two symbols. The density of L ⊆ ∑* is defined as D( L) := lim n | L ∩ ∑ n|/|∑ n| ∈ [0, 1], provided that the limit exists. In 2015, R. Sin’ya has discovered an interesting relation between regular languages and their densities: If L ⊆ ∑* is a regular language, then D( L) = 0 if and only if there exists s ∈ ∑* such that ∑* s∑* ∩ L = ø. In this paper, we give a simple proof of this theorem, obtaining it as a simple consequence of the pumping lemma for regular languages.
Cerebral Microbleeds Are Associated with Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hatada Yutaka , Hashimoto Mamoru , Shiraishi Shinya , Ishikawa Tomohisa , Fukuhara Ryuji , Yuki Seiji , Tanaka Hibiki , Miyagawa Yusuke , Kitajima Mika , Uetani Hiroyuki , Tsunoda Naoko , Koyama Asuka , Ikeda Manabu
Published: July 2019

Background:

Although cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are commonly observed in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), their clinical relevance for AD remains unclear.

Objective:

We investigated the significance of CMBs in AD by examining the relationship between CMBs and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in patients with AD.

Methods:

Thirty-four patients (aged 77.9±7.6 years; 17 men) with probable AD and multiple (≥8) CMBs were selected from 394 consecutive patients. For each lobe of the brain, the correlation between the number of CMBs observed on susceptibility-weighted images and the decrease in CBF observed on single-photon emission computed tomography was assessed.

Results:

The number of microbleeds was significantly correlated with the severity of decrease in the occipital lobe (Spearman’s r = 0.531, p < 0.001) and temporal lobe ( r = 0.437, p < 0.001) but not in the frontal lobe ( r = 0.201, p = 0.101) and parietal lobe ( r = 0.178, p = 0.146). These results were unchanged in the partial correlational analysis after controlling the effect of other small vessel disease such as lacunars and white matter hyperintensities.

Conclusion:

Multiple CMBs are associated with cerebral hypoperfusion in AD. The effects of CMBs on CBF differed according to brain location, possibly reflecting different distributions of the underlying cerebral amyloid angiopathy and AD-related histopathology, such as neurofibrillary tangles.
Classification of Clinically Diagnosed Alzheimer’s Disease Associated with Diabetes Based on Amyloid and Tau PET Results
Authors: Takenoshita Naoto , Shimizu Soichiro , Kanetaka Hidekazu , Sakurai Hirofumi , Suzuki Ryo , Miwa Takashi , Odawara Masato , Ishii Kenji , Shimada Hitoshi , Higuchi Makoto , Suhara Tetsuya , Hanyu Haruo
Published: July 2019

Background/Objective:

Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for the development of dementia, the underlying brain pathologies and mechanisms vary among patients. In this study, we classified patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease (AD) associated with DM into subgroups based on their amyloid and tau accumulation patterns on positron emission tomography (PET), and analyzed the differences in clinical features and brain imaging findings between the subgroups.

Methods:

Sixty-four patients with probable or possible AD associated with DM were classified using PiB (detects amyloid, A) and PBB3 (detects tau, T) PET studies. Patients were classified into the A+/T+ group ( n = 35, AD pathology), the A– /T+ group ( n = 19, tauopathy), and the A– /T– group ( n = 10, non-amyloid/non-tau neuronal damage).

Results:

Compared with the A+/T+ group, the A– /T+ group showed less-well controlled glycemia, longer duration of diabetes, more glucose variability, higher frequency of insulin therapy and biochemical hypoglycemia, and greater impairment of frontal lobe function, slower progression of cognitive decline, fewer APOE4 carriers, less severe medial temporal lobe atrophy, and lower frequency of posterior cerebral hypoperfusion. This subgroup showed different clinical and radiological features from AD.

Conclusion:

Among patients with clinically diagnosed AD with DM, there are subgroups with neuronal damage independent of AD pathology. A subgroup of dementia patients suspected of having tauopathy is strongly associated with DM-related metabolic abnormalities. This study highlights the identification of a novel dementia subgroup (diabetes-related dementia), which is important for considering appropriate therapies and care in clinical practice.
Receptor Properties and Features of Cytokinin Signaling
Authors: Lomin S. N. , Krivosheev D. M. , Steklov M. Yu. , Osolodkin D. I. , Romanov G. A.
Published: July 2019

Cytokinins belong to one of the most important and well-known classes of plant hormones. Discovered over half a century ago, cytokinins have retained the attention of researchers due to the variety of the effects they have on the growth and development of vegetable organisms, their participation in a plant adaptation to external conditions, and the potential to be used in biotechnology, agriculture, medicine and even cosmetics. The molecular mechanism by which cytokinins function remained unknown for a long time. Things started to change only in the 21 st century, after the discovery of the receptors for these phytohormones. It appeared that plants found ways to adapt a two-component signal transduction system borrowed from prokaryotic organisms for cytokinin signalling. This review covers the recent advances in research of the molecular basis for the perception and transduction of the cytokinin signal. Emphasis is placed on cytokinin receptors, their domain and three-dimensional structures, subcellular localization, signalling activity, effect of mutations, ligand-binding properties, and phylogeny.
Lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia Pestis, the Cause of Plague: Structure, Genetics, Biological Properties
Authors: Knirel Yu. A. , Anisimov A. P.
Published: July 2019

The present review summarizes data pertaining to the composition and structure of the carbohydrate moiety (core oligosaccharide) and lipid component (lipid A) of the various forms of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), one of the major pathogenicity factors of Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague. The review addresses the functions and the biological significance of genes for the biosynthesis of LPS, as well as the biological properties of LPS in strains from various intraspecies groups of Y. pestis and their mutants, including the contribution of LPS to the resistance of bacteria to factors of the innate immunity of both insect-vectors and mammal-hosts. Special attention is paid to temperature-dependent variations in the LPS structure, their genetic control and roles in the pathogenesis of plague. The evolutionary aspect is considered based on a comparison of the structure and genetics of the LPS of Y. pestis and other enteric bacteria, including other Yersinia species. The prospects of development of live plague vaccines created on the basis of Y. pestis strains with the genetically modified LPS are discussed.