bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyprian im Bund mit dem Teufel
Authors: Vaucher Daniel
Published: March 2022

The legend of Cyprian of Antioch and Justina has had a great aftermath in literature from the Middle Ages to Goethe’s Faust. Like Simon Magus, Cyprian is often considered the archetype of the ancient magician and the first case of a pact with the devil. A close examination of the two source writings conversio and confessio, however, reveals considerable differences in the notions of magic and demonology. The conversio depends, in its shaping of the legend, more on pagan sources such as Lucian’s Philopseudes, while the later confessio emphasizes the role of the devil. Therefore, we cannot yet speak of a devil’s pact with regard to the earlier conversio.
De Jure and De Facto: An Overview on the Italian Measures on Compulsory Vaccination
Authors: Palmieri Sofia , Goffin Tom
Published: March 2022

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has forced States to take restrictive measures to contain the growing number of infections. Among these measures, after the approval of vaccines by the EMA, the possibility of introducing a compulsory vaccination has become a plausible and attractive prospect. In Italy, Covid-19 compulsory vaccination is implemented by a succession of Decrees concerning specific categories of workers and, only recently, a section of the population with the recent Decree of 7 January, 2022, no. 1. However, if we look back at the most critical restrictions implemented in the country, we realise that a de facto obligation was already in place before establishing a de jure obligation. The following article traces the most important profiles of the vaccination obligation implemented de jure and de facto by the Italian government.
Appunti per la storia del Vallicellanus B 93
Authors: Lorusso Vito
Published: March 2022

The article presents new information on the history of the Greek manuscript Vallicellanus B 93 and an essay of textual analysis of the Aristotelian and Galenic psychological texts it contains.
Ideological Context and the Study of Political Theory
Authors: Zhao Xinzhi
Published: March 2022

This paper recounts my encounter with the ideological context of Hobbes’s system as a graduate student in political theory through the teaching and scholarship of Professor Johann Sommerville. This encounter made me recognize that political theorists should study not only systems of political philosophy but also their ideological contexts, whose primary components are not “languages” but ideas and arguments deployed in debates concerning issues of political legitimacy of a particular time. Specifically, I realized that incorporating ideological contexts into the study of political theory could render the quest for legitimate political orders in different ages and cultures accessible to modern readers of diverse backgrounds, enable a more accurate grasp of the originality of a philosophical system, and uncover new resources for political theorizing.
Le fœtus comme un arbreUne analogie du discours médical antique
Authors: Bretin-Chabrol Marine
Published: March 2022

Domaine de réflexion toujours sensible aujourd’hui, l’embryologie donne déjà lieu dans l’Antiquité à de nombreux débats, sous-tendus par deux enjeux principaux. Le premier vise à déterminer comment l’embryon se forme et se développe. Le second est celui de l’acquisition de la vie : le fœtus n’est-il qu’une partie du corps de la mère ou doit-on le considérer comme un être autonome ? À partir de quel moment est-il vivant ? Or, l’analogie entre le fœtus et la plante se trouve au cœur des discussions qui opposent les différentes écoles philosophiques et médicales sur ces questions, et il s’agira de souligner les différentes fonctions et les ambiguïtés de l’image. Utilisée comme l’instrument d’une description, l’analogie entre le fœtus et la plante donne lieu à des conclusions qui divergent radicalement selon les auteurs quant à la question de l’autonomie et de la vie du fœtus. L’analogie savante entre le fœtus et la plante a également permis de mettre au point une trame narrative que l’on retrouve dans les Métamorphoses d’Ovide.
Horizontality and Housing Rights
Authors: Fick Sarah , Vols Michel
Published: March 2022

In the recent decision of fjm v. the United Kingdom, the ECtHR made a decision on the required protection against private evictions that threatens to water-down the protection of housing rights offered by the echr. This article sets out to determine the effect of the fjm judgment on the protection provided by Article 8, especially in matters concerning private evictions. The analysis of the case includes a discussion on whether the decision of the ECtHR was correct, considering both its previous decisions, as well as the sa Constitutional Court’s findings in similar matters. It analyses the recent European and South African case law with the help of a number of concepts developed in legal theory. These concepts concern vertical and horizontal relations between actors involved in housing law cases, as well as direct and indirect effect of human and constitutional rights.
Government Access to Privately-Held Data: Business-to-Government Data Sharing
Authors: Vigorito Andrea
Published: March 2022

Climate change, pandemics and urban planning are just a few of the societal challenges that an efficient exploit of data could allow the public sector to tackle. In this perspective, business-to-government (B2G) data sharing can benefit the social good and allow for better policy decisions. Nevertheless, the possibility for the public sector to access privately-held data remains mostly unexplored. This contribution aims to explore the possible evolution of B2G sharing models within the future systems of data governance by evaluating rationales to foster government access to privately-held data and by analysing some of the barriers that hinder this kind of exploitation. This essay then seeks to present models of B2G data circulation through which societal benefits and data sharing could be improved; specifically, it focuses on the options of voluntary and mandatory B2G data sharing and outlines concrete experiences of B2G data sharing between private entities and European local administrations.
The Presbyterian Church in Taiwan and Its Changing Narrative on Human Rights
Authors: Rychetská Magdaléna
Published: March 2022

The Presbyterian Church in Taiwan (pct) is the Protestant denomination with the longest tradition in the country. The central theological position of the church began to change in the late 1960s, and over the following decade the church became increasingly politically active and vocal in its support for human rights, minority rights, and democratization. This paper addresses the issue of human rights as narrated within the pct, which explained its involvement in human rights with reference to its Christian beliefs. One outcome of the church’s endeavors was that the people of Taiwan accepted the struggle initiated by the church and began to ask for free elections. Using the pct as an example, the paper shows that religious bodies have the potential to be a positive force for change in society and that a Christian perspective on human rights can contribute to secular discourse on the topic.
Luminescent Lotuses: Mimesis in Miḥrābs and Micro-architecture at Maklī
Authors: Quraishi Fatima
Published: March 2022

This article focuses on the lotus motif employed as an architectural decoration in the monuments of the Maklī necropolis from the late fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth centuries. Through a close analysis of the form and its particular use in micro-architecture, a use connected with allusions to light and divine radiance, I explore the formation of a distinctly local aesthetic idiom in Sindh. This article demonstrates that builders and artisans at Maklī engaged in a practice of architectural citation that involved the serial replication of specific forms and their meanings. In so doing, it argues that history was and is seen as cumulative at the Maklī necropolis.
Hegel on Nation, Ethical Life, and the Modern State
Authors: Wolsing Peter
Published: March 2022

This paper examines Hegel’s idea of nation and its significance for his theory of the modern state, namely, the role that ‘the national’ plays for his justification of right in the Philosophy of Right. It is argued that Hegel strikes a balance between historicism and a rational justification of state and law. He bases the state on a notion of Sittlichkeit (ethical life) that is both national and subjected to a world historical development toward rationality and universal right. Consequently, ‘nation,’ in the sense of a group of people invoking identity and rights based on a primordial common language, culture, and territory, does not cover what Hegel means by the modern nation state. ‘Ethical life’ is national, but it also constitutes a historically changeable community of values supported by citizens’ conscious participation in communal life (patriotism). Today, Hegel’s idea undermines the legitimacy of nationalistic invocations of primordial ethnic cultures within politics.
Eddy Vertical Structure and Variability: Deepglider Observations in the North Atlantic
Authors: Steinberg Jacob M. , Eriksen Charles C.
Published: March 2022

Hundreds of full-depth temperature and salinity profiles collected by Deepglider autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) in the North Atlantic reveal robust signals in eddy isopycnal vertical displacement and horizontal current throughout the entire water column. In separate glider missions southeast of Bermuda, subsurface-intensified cold, fresh coherent vortices were observed with velocities exceeding 20 cm s−1 at depths greater than 1000 m. With vertical resolution on the order of 20 m or less, these full-depth glider slant profiles newly permit estimation of scaled vertical wavenumber spectra from the barotropic through the 40th baroclinic mode. Geostrophic turbulence theory predictions of spectral slopes associated with the forward enstrophy cascade and proportional to inverse wavenumber cubed generally agree with glider-derived quasi-universal spectra of potential and kinetic energy found at a variety of locations distinguished by a wide range of mean surface eddy kinetic energy. Water-column average spectral estimates merge at high vertical mode number to established descriptions of internal wave spectra. Among glider mission sites, geographic and seasonal variability implicate bottom drag as a mechanism for dissipation, but also the need for more persistent sampling of the deep ocean.

Significance Statement

Relative to upper-ocean measurements of temperature, salinity, and velocity, deep ocean measurements (below 2000 m) are fewer in number and more difficult to collect. Deep measurements are needed, however, to explore the nature of deep ocean circulation contributing to the global redistribution of heat and to determine how upper-ocean behavior impacts or drives deep motions. Understanding of geographic and temporal variability in vertical structures of currents and eddies enables improved description of energy pathways in the ocean driven by turbulent interactions. In this study, we use newly developed autonomous underwater vehicles, capable of diving to the seafloor and back on a near daily basis, to collect high-resolution full ocean depth measurements at various locations in the North Atlantic. These measurements reveal connections between surface and deep motions, and importantly show their time evolution. Results of analyzing these vertical structures reveal the deep ocean to regularly “feel” events in the upper ocean and permit new comparisons to deep motions in climate models.
Revisiting the Relationship Between Racial Heterogeneity and Neighborhood Crime: Do Spatial Scale and Functional Form matter?
Authors: Kim Young-An , Wo James C.
Published: March 2022

This study examines the relationships between racial heterogeneity and crime across blocks ( N = 103,168) located in the greater Southern California region. We estimate negative binomial regression models that test for the effects of racial heterogeneity in conjunction with different functional form and spatial scaling considerations. Racial diversity in the block has a crime-reducing effect, whereas racial diversity in the area surrounding the block generally has crime-producing capabilities, although at very high levels of diversity, the effect reverses and becomes crime-reducing. We also illustrate an interaction effect between racial heterogeneity in the block and racial heterogeneity in the surrounding area. The pattern of results provides a nuanced understanding of how the racial composition of an area has consequences for crime.
The Role of Sex and Compulsory Heterosexuality Within the Rural Methamphetamine Market
Authors: Milagros Early Alessandra , Grundetjern Heidi
Published: March 2022

Studies of the connection between methamphetamine use and sex have tended to focus on gay men or men who have sex with men. Drawing from semi-structured interviews with 40 cisgender heterosexual women who used methamphetamine in rural Missouri, we investigate the multiple ways in which sex played into their market navigations. Our findings reveal the nuances of sexual agency within patriarchal structural constraints. We use and expand upon a queer criminological framework to investigate the intersecting gendered and sexualized expectations that cisgender heterosexual men imposed on women. Our study reveals how compulsory heterosexuality shapes behavior within the rural methamphetamine market.
Social Capital and First-Generation College Students: Examining the Relationship Between Mentoring and College Enrollment
Authors: Glass Leah E.
Published: March 2022

There is an increasingly large disparity in college graduation rates among low-income and first-generation college students. Research suggests that the main reason for this discrepancy is the lack of access to information and knowledge about the college process. First-generation students have fewer people in their social network who went to college and thus cannot help them navigate the difficult and multi-step process of finding, applying, and enrolling in college. Mentoring, however, has been proven to be a successful intervention for helping these populations navigate the post-secondary process. This paper evaluates a school-based hybrid mentoring program to attempt to measure the relationship between mentors and how students in New York City navigated the post-secondary process and enrolled in college. Findings show that program lessons, number of months matched, and meeting out of program are important program elements in increasing a student’s likelihood of graduating high school and enrolling on-time in college.
Determinants of Hospitalization Costs among Moderate Cases of COVID-19
Authors: Li BinBin , Chen LaiTe , Shi Lu
Published: March 2022

Objective: To estimate demographic predictors of medical expense in hospitalization of moderate COVID-19. Methods: From January to March 2020, a total of 39 patients were treated and recovered from COVID-19 in a tertiary medical center in East China. Detailed cost data were collected and we estimated the demographic predictors of both total hospital expense and daily hospital expense. Results: The mean medical expense for treating hospitalized moderate COVID-19 cases was $1177.81. Every additional year in the patient’s age corresponds to .9% more in total hospital expense (Coef. = 0.009, 95% CI 0.002-0.017, P < 0.01). The difference in daily medical expense between age groups was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Hospitalization cost was significantly elevated among the older patients, and the age effect in cost was mainly driven by the longer length of stay in the hospital. From a cost-saving perspective, the elderly population might deserve priority consideration when COVID-19 vaccination programs are implemented.
Enterprise resource planning adoption model for well-informed decision in higher learning institutions
Authors: Mukred Muaadh , Alotaibi Fahad M , Yusof Zawiyah M , Mokhtar Umi Asma’ , Hawash Burkan , Ahmed Waleed Abdulkafi
Published: March 2022

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) has been found to have a key role in the management of higher learning institutions (HLIs) and schools. However, the literature shows no universal model to support and shed light on the adoption of ERP, which lessens the chances for an effective ERP adoption and usage. Therefore, a new model is needed for successful adoption and the eventual enhanced decision-making, and as such, there is a need to investigate the factors that can bring about ERP system adoption. Models for ERP adoption in literature are few and far between, and what few exist are not applicable as they do not cover all the major factors that can contribute to adoption success. Hence, in this article, an ERP adoption model was brought forward for HLIs for the promotion of their decision-making process. The model was developed through the integration of DeLone and McLean’s information success model and the technology, organisation and environment (TOE) theory. The study distributed 500 survey questionnaire copies online and collected 364 from HLIs respondents, after which they were retrieved, and data were analysed through partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) 3 statistical software. On the basis of the obtained analysis findings, technological, organisational and environmental factors had significant and positive effects on ERP adoption, and ERP adoption had a positive and significant effect on the decision-making of HLIs. The entire factors were found to be significant in their effects, and ERP adoption sufficiently explained variance extracted from decision-making. The study contributes to the literature through the pioneering measurement of factors categorised under technological, organisational and environmental dimensions, with ERP adoption and decision-making encapsulated in a single model.
Bone Fragment Resorption and Clinical Outcomes of Traumatic Bony Bankart Lesion Treated With Arthroscopic Repair Versus Open Latarjet
Authors: Giacomo Giovanni Di , Pugliese Mattia , Peebles Annalise M. , Provencher Matthew T.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Bony Bankart lesions can perpetuate chronic anterior glenohumeral instability. When surgical treatment is pursued, several factors need to be considered to obtain optimal outcomes.

Purpose:

To (1) quantitatively describe patterns of bone fragment resorption and associated risk factors for developing glenoid bone loss (GBL) and (2) to compare clinical and radiological results of attritional bone loss treated with either the arthroscopic Bankart or the open Latarjet procedure.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was conducted for patients who underwent arthroscopic stabilization (group A1, 10%-20% GBL; group A2, >20% GBL) or open Latarjet (group B, >10% GBL) for recurrent shoulder instability with bony Bankart lesion. Patient characteristics, number of dislocations, and Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) scores were obtained. Pre- and postoperative computed tomography imaging was used to quantitatively describe patterns of bone fragment resorption.

Results:

A total of 120 consecutive patients (group A1, 40; group A2, 23; group B, 57) were included in the study, with a mean age of 25.6 years (range, 19-35 years). The average follow-up was 5.0 years for all groups (range, 4.83-5.16 years in group A1, 4.58-5.41 years in group A2, and 4.33-5.67 years in group B). The mean times between dislocation event and surgery were 12.8 months (range, 6-32 months) and 13.6 months (range, 6-38 months) for groups A and B, respectively. Redislocation rates were 7.5% in group A1 versus 13.0% in group A2, and only occurred in patients with ≥13.5% GBL. There were no redislocations for group B (0%). Patients had better WOSI scores in group B (234.1 ± 126.9) than in group A (576.1 ± 224.6) ( P < .0001). In group A, smaller preoperative bone fragment size displayed a higher percentage of resorption after surgery ( r = −0.64; P < .05).

Conclusion:

A significant inverse relationship exists between preoperative bone fragment size and percentage of postoperative resorption. Patients treated with arthroscopic bony Bankart repair who had final GBL ≥13.5% had worse outcomes. When planned GBL approaches 13.5% in high-demand patients, a smaller fragment size can result in worse clinical outcomes because of resorption. In these cases, choosing the open Latarjet procedure leads to better clinical results.
10-Year Trends in Healthcare Spending among Patients with Schizophrenia in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Stewart Andrew J. , Patten Scott B. , Fiest Kirsten M. , Williamson Tyler S. , Wick James P. , Ronksley Paul E.
Published: March 2022

Objectives

Schizophrenia is characterized by high levels of disability often resulting in increased healthcare utilization and spending. With expanding healthcare costs across all healthcare sectors, there is a need to understand how healthcare spending has changed over time. We conducted a population-based study using administrative health data from Alberta, Canada, to describe changes in medical complexity and direct healthcare spending among patients with schizophrenia over a 10-year period.

Methods

A serial cross-sectional study from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2017, was conducted to determine changes in demographic characteristics, medical complexity, and costs among all adults (18 years or older) with schizophrenia. Total healthcare spending and sector-specific costs attributable to hospitalizations, emergency department visits, practitioner billings, and prescriptions were calculated and compared over time.

Results

Over the 10-year period the contact prevalence of patients with schizophrenia increased from 0.6% ( n  =  16,183) to 1.0% ( n  =  33,176) within the province. There was a marked change in medical complexity with the number of patients living with 3 or more comorbidities increasing from 33.0% to 47.3%. Direct annual healthcare costs increased 2-fold from 321 to 639 million CAD (493 million USD) with a 7-fold increase in medication expenditures over the 10-year time frame. As of 2017, spending on pharmaceutical treatment surpassed hospitalizations as the leading spending category in this population.

Conclusions

Healthcare spending among patients with schizophrenia continues to increase and may be partially attributable to growing rates of multimorbidity within this population. Although promising second-generation antipsychotic medications have entered the market, this has resulted in considerable changes in the distribution of healthcare spending over time. These findings will inform policy discussions around resource allocation and efforts to curb health spending while also improving care for patients with schizophrenia.
Fast radiological safety evaluation applied to maintenance in cargo and container inspection facilities
Authors: Pelegrineli Samuel Q , Silva Ademir X , Filho Wilson SS , Oliveira Luciano SR , Amorim Aneuri S , Cardoso Domingos d’Oliveira , Stenders Ricardo M , Pereira Wagner S , Junior Juraci PR , Andrade Edson R
Published: March 2022

The application of nuclear technologies in a cargo and container inspection facility can increase the risk of accidents. Estimating the radiation dose in the controlled area generates critical information for elaborating routines aimed at establishing more effective safety procedures. For radiological protection purposes, mapping ambient dose equivalent H*(10) levels is crucial. The radiation source used was a fixed linear accelerator of 4.5 MeV. Five RadEye PRD-ER (Thermo Fisher Scientific) personal radiation monitors and five Geiger-Müller MRAD 111 (Ultra Radac) personal radiation monitors were used for the radiation measurements. The highest ambient equivalent dose rate and dose per scan were found with the Geiger-Müller monitors at values of 5.76E-01 mSv/h and 1.12E-03 mSv, respectively. The results showed that for public individuals, the number of scans at the point of highest dose rate value cannot exceed 893-unit operations. Additionally, the risks involved in the abnormal situation (increased H*(10)) were estimated by using a model to predict the development of solid cancer as a result of occupational radiological exposure. This procedure highlights the risks involved, hence providing initial support to the decision process.
The Link Between Supervisor-Subordinate Computer-Mediated Immediate Behaviors and Organizational Identification in U.S., English, and Australian Organizations
Authors: Croucher Stephen M , Kelly Stephanie , Green Malcolm , Homsey Dini M , Cullinane Joanna , Rocker Kenneth T , Nguyen Thao , Anderson Kirsty , Chen Hui , Ding George Guoyu , Ashwell Douglas , Wright Malcolm , Palakshappa Nitha
Published: March 2022

More than 5.89 million people have died from COVID-19. Due to COVID-19, there is a need for organizations to reconsider their structures and systems in response to increased remote working and decreased face-to-face (FTF) interactions. This study analyzes organizational relationships, specifically the supervisor-subordinate relationship. This study examines the link between supervisor-subordinate immediacy and organizational identification in mediated communication. Participants from three nations ( n = 1776) were explored to test the assumption that supervisor-subordinate immediacy explains organizational identification. The United States, Australia, and England were chosen as focal nations due to the differing government responses to the COVID-19 outbreak. Results revealed supervisors’ perceived computer-mediated immediate behaviors and subordinates’ perceived immediacy with their supervisors were positive predictors of organizational identity. U.S. supervisors were perceived to use higher levels of computer-mediated immediacy behaviors and have more perceived immediacy than Australian and English supervisors. Australian supervisors had higher levels of perceived immediacy than English supervisors.
Effects of inlet-outlet positioning, muffler geometry, and baffle design on vehicle muffler performance for desired sound transmission loss
Authors: Ebrahimi-Nejad Salman , Rahimi Davod , Kheybari Majid , Majidi-Jirandehi Ali Akbar
Published: March 2022

A systematic comparative examination of different single-chamber and double-chamber muffler geometries, comprised of various baffle geometry and size, number of chambers, and inlet-outlet positioning was conducted to determine the most suitable geometry for size-efficient mufflers which can meet size-limitations of automotive applications, confirming enhanced transmission loss (TL). First, we considered a reference model for validation of the simulation method. Then, we objectively studied the effects of circular and rectangular baffles of different sizes on the TL of single-chamber mufflers. Next, double- and single-chamber models were compared. Consequently, to better analyze the performance of the representative benchmark double-chamber muffler, the effects of different layouts of the outlet were studied and the corresponding TL was derived, while the inlet and baffle type and size were fixed. Finally, the effect of inlet layout, considering given outlet position, baffle type, and size, was studied on the noise control performance of the muffler. Results indicate that the 75% circular baffle has a wide frequency range and high TL of 58 dB, where the 75% rectangular plate baffle has a transmission loss of 67 dB. The double-chamber muffler has a wider frequency range and a higher TL of 78 dB compared to the single-chamber muffler. Moreover, changes in the inlet-outlet of the silencer significantly affect TL. As the inlet-outlet positioning of the silencer greatly contributes to the space constraints and packaging of the vehicle components, therefore, the variations of the inlet-outlet position of the silencer in the limited space available in vehicles need to be considered as an important design parameter, considering packaging limitations and noise control performance, which can significantly affect tailpipe radiated noise.
Effect of different radial skewed angles of reversed blade-angle slot casing treatment on transonic axial flow compressor stability
Authors: Zhang Haoguang , Dong Feiyang , Wang Enhao , Liu Wenhao , Chu Wuli
Published: March 2022

Single-channel unsteady numerical simulation was carried out on NASA Rotor 35 to study the influence of radial skewed angle of reversed blade-angle slot casing treatment (RBSCT) on the aerodynamic performance and stall margin of a transonic compressor. Moreover, the influence mechanism is explained by detailed flow field analysis. The radial skewed angles were set to +0°, +30°, +60°, and +75° in the research. The calculated result shows that stall margin improvement (SMI) generated by the slots is increased when the radial skewed angle is gradually increased. The SMI of 17.47% for the slots with +75° radial skewed angle is the biggest among the four RBSCTs. As for the design efficiency improvement (DEI), it is increased first and then decreased with the radial skewed angle increasing. RBSCT with +60°radial skewed angle achieves the greatest DEI of 1.11%. The flow field analysis shows that the radial momentum of the injected and sucked flows is improved with the increasing of radial skewed angle. The improvement can reduce the relative airflow angle of mainstream near the stall condition. Furthermore, the excessive radial skewed angle will increase the flow losses in the slots. Consequently, the design efficiency is reduced at +75°.
Three-dimensional prescribed performance sliding mode guidance law for intercepting maneuvering target
Authors: Ma Meng-chen , Tan Li-Guo , Song Shen-Min , Zhou Yang-Liu , Xu Ye-Jun
Published: March 2022

This article describes three-dimensional sliding mode guidance laws with prescribed performance. The proposed guidance laws can ensure that the line of sight (LOS) angle converges according to the prescribed performance, and the convergence rate, the steady-state error and the maximum overshoot can be preset in advance. By combining the LOS tracking error with the performance constraint function, a new error variable function is designed, and then the prescribed performance control problem is transformed into that of the boundedness of the error variable function. The key concept in this approach is to design a new sliding mode surface to ensure that the error variable function is bounded, so as to ensure that the system state converges according to the prescribed performance. Additionally, this article discusses the problem whereby the upper bound of the aggregate uncertainty, including the target information, is unavailable. An adaptive guidance law is presented for this scenario. Finally, simulations comparisons are conducted with other forms of guidance laws. Simulation results show that the guidance laws proposed in this article achieve effective performance.
Large eddy simulation of the flow energy dissipation in the blade channels of a stalled pump impeller
Authors: Zhu Di , Tao Ran , Xiao Ruofu
Published: March 2022

Pump impellers usually work with the rotating stall phenomenon. The performance will be strongly affected by the undesirable flow. Understanding the features of flow energy dissipation is very important. In this study, large eddy simulation is conducted for the turbulent flow field based on a typical 6-blade pump impeller with “alternating stall” phenomenon. The stalled channels and well-behaved channels alternatively and stably distribute. Compared with the experimental data, the numerical simulation is proved accurate. In the well-behaved channel, flow pattern is relatively smooth. In the stalled channel, flow is completely blocked by several stall cells. Vortex shedding is well predicted mainly in three regions including the leading-edge region of stalled channel, the outlet region of stalled channel, and the blade suction side region of well-behaved channel. Turbulence kinetic energy is high in these regions. High flow energy dissipation is found among shedding vortexes due to flow-flow interaction and in the near-wall region because of flow-wall interaction. In the core region of vortexes, flow energy dissipation is not that high. The flow-flow interaction and the flow-wall interaction are two main sources of flow energy dissipation. In the well-behaved impeller blade channel with smooth flow pattern, the flow energy dissipation is mainly caused by flow-wall interaction. On the contrary, in the stalled impeller blade channel with vortical flow pattern, the flow energy dissipation is mainly caused by flow–flow interaction. The large eddy simulation-based study will be very helpful in enhancing the performance of pump impellers especially with the rotating stall phenomenon.
Probing thermal conductivity of interphase in epoxy alumina nanocomposites
Authors: Singh Manohar , Chandra Pandey Jeewan
Published: March 2022

The objective of this research is to determine the thermal conductivity of the interphase in epoxy alumina nanocomposites. First, TPS 500 measures the thermal conductivity of epoxy alumina nanocomposite samples. Following that, a numerical model based on the finite element method was developed to estimate the effective thermal conductivity of epoxy alumina nanocomposites over a range of assumed interphase thermal conductivity values. Finally, an algorithm is devised to extract the interphase’s thermal conductivity by combining simulation and experiment results. Interphase was found to have significantly higher thermal conductivity than the base polymer. A comprehensive analysis is presented to shed light on the observed increase in interphase thermal conductivity. The findings of this study will be critical for further investigation of heat transfer in epoxy alumina nanocomposites via modeling and simulation studies.
Photovoice Revisited: Dialogue and Action as Pivotal
Authors: Gabrielsson Hanna , Cronqvist Agneta , Asaba Eric
Published: March 2022

Photovoice has gained acceptance as a viable visual method to engage community members as partners in research. However, as methods associated with photovoice have developed and evolved over time, concerns have also been raised with regard to how this impacts the methodological underpinnings on which photovoice rests. The aim of this article is to explore the meaning of dialogue and action as methodologically pivotal for the relevance of photovoice as community-based participatory research; further, using an empirical case and narrative theory, we attempt to contribute to an understanding of the processes that facilitate the viability and relevance of photovoice. By unpacking the contributions of dialogue and action towards a participatory methodology, in this case photovoice, the authors illustrate and argue for aspects critical in photovoice. Drawing on these aspects provides an arena for storytelling and story making, which have not previously had an explicit part in photovoice.
Triple Layer Oronasal Fistula Repair Using Local Endonasal Flaps: Case Series of Three Patients
Authors: Badaoui Joseph N. , Choby Garret , McMillan Ryan A. , Goates Andrew J. , Cofer Shelagh A.
Published: March 2022

Oronasal fistula (ONF) is a common complication encountered after palatoplasty. Repair is indicated when symptoms impact speech and swallowing. In spite of the variety of surgical approaches described to repair these defects, recurrence rates remain high. Traditionally, successful closure is said to be achieved in using a double-layered approach due to the three-dimensional aspect of the defect. The extent of the fistula into the nasal cavity has incited an increased curiosity in using local endonasal flaps. In recent years, endonasal reconstructive procedures have seen increased interest and application, from cranial base defect repairs to orbital reconstruction and beyond. The nasoseptal (NSF) and inferior turbinate flaps (ITF) possess a robust arterial supply and an exceptional reach with excellent results demonstrated in large defect repair. However, the use of these flaps in ONF repair is scarcely discussed in the literature, and their effectiveness is relatively undetermined. In this manuscript, we present a series of three patients who underwent a triple layer ONF closure, with the oral portion incorporating a turn-in mucosal flap plus a local palate rotation flap or greater palatine artery pedicled-rotation flap, and a NSF or an ITF for the nasal portion of the defect.
The efficient design of hybrid and metallic sandwich structures under air blast loading
Authors: Patel Shivdayal , Patel Murlidhar
Published: March 2022

A novel hybrid composite honeycomb sandwich structure (HCHSS) and metallic honeycomb sandwich structure (MHSS) were developed to obtain realistic and blast resistance parameters for the consideration of blast loading. Hybrid composite square honeycomb sandwich structure (HCSHSS) and metallic honeycomb sandwich structure with different cores such as square, hexagonal, octagonal, and circular were modelled to obtain the target protection level (lowest deflection) for the vehicle armour structure. The Johnson-Cook and Donadon failure criteria were incorporated into finite element analysis (FEA) for MHSS and HCSHSS, respectively. For the progressive damage modelling of the HCSHSS, the Donadon criterion was implemented in ABAQUS/Explicit software as a user-defined subroutine. The HCSHSS showed the fibre failure, matrix failure and delamination modes of failure in composite laminates and the plastic deformation failure of the core and metal plates. The HCSHSS was shown to have excellent blast worthiness properties in comparison to the MHSS. The metallic circular honeycomb sandwich structure (MCHSS) was shown to have the minimum deflection of the top and bottom face plates as compared to the square, hexagonal and octagonal honeycomb sandwich structures. A novel HCSHSS has obtained the minimum deflection for both the top and the bottom face plates in comparison to the other MHSS.
Masking of macular neovascular membranes by subretinal hyperreflective material on optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Fayed Alaa E. , Baddar Dina , Estawro Rania G. , Gerges Terese K.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine whether subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) may mask the detection of macular neovascular membranes (MNV) on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods

In this observational study, eyes with active neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), co-existing SHRM & intraretinal or subretinal fluid or hemorrhage on structural OCT, underwent OCTA & fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) imaging. 6 × 6 mm choriocapillaris and outer retinal slabs on OCTA were examined to determine the presence of MNV underneath the SHRM. The corresponding area on FFA was used as a reference arm to confirm activity.

Results

Thirty eyes of thirty patients with SHRM and active nAMD were recruited. All eyes failed to show a MNV in the choriocapillaris & avascular slabs of the OCTA underneath the SHRM, but showed active hyperfluorescent MNVs that increased in size and intensity in the late stages of FFA. In one eye, parts of a MNV under the SHRM were undetectable due to signal attenuation, while parts extending beyond the SHRM were detected on the choriocapillaris en face slab with flow on the B scan.

Conclusions

SHRM may act as a reflecting surface that limits the passage of light waves in OCTA, creating areas of signal attenuation and diminishing its ability to detect underlying MNVs.
Evaluation of the impact of childhood obesity on retrobulbar hemodynamics and retinal microvasculature
Authors: Celik Gokhan , Gunay Murat , Ozcabi Bahar , Gulturk Ulas , Kizilay Osman , Vural Asli , Ozkul Saglam Neslihan , Papatya Cakir Esra Deniz , Palabiyik Figen , Onal Gunay Betul , Yigit Fadime Ulviye
Published: March 2022

Objective

To evaluate changes in retrobulbar ocular blood flow parameters by using Colour Doppler Imaging (CDI) and changes in foveal microvasculature by using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) in pediatric obese patients and to compare them with a group of healthy children.

Methods

Children diagnosed with obesity without hypertension and diabetes (39 subjects, obese group) and age-matched healthy controls (26 subjects, control group) underwent CDI and OCTA imaging. Peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity and resistivity index from ophthalmic, central retinal and posterior ciliary arteries on CDI; superficial and deep capillary plexus vascular density and foveal avascular zone area on OCTA imaging were obtained in each group. Central foveal and subfoveal choroidal thicknesses were also measured. CDI and OCTA parameters were compared between two groups.

Results

Peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities were found to be significantly lower in obese children than in controls in all three examined arteries (p < 0.05). Resistivity index values were similar between the groups. OCTA imaging did not reveal significant changes in superficial and deep capillary plexus vascular densities and foveal avascular zone area across analysed retinal regions between the groups. Subfoveal choroid was thicker in obese group than in control group (325.89 ± 52.77 µm vs. 304.52 ± 21.76 µm, p = 0.04).

Conclusion

An apparent decrease was present in retrobulbar hemodynamics in obese children. This arises the possibility of early ocular macrovascular compromise rather than retinal microvascular impairment in childhood obesity.
The Lovelace effect: Perceptions of creativity in machines
Authors: Natale Simone , Henrickson Leah
Published: March 2022

This article proposes the notion of the ‘Lovelace Effect’ as an analytical tool to identify situations in which the behaviour of computing systems is perceived by users as original and creative. It contrasts the Lovelace Effect with the more commonly known ‘Lovelace objection’, which claims that computers cannot originate or create anything, but only do what their programmers instruct them to do. By analysing the case study of AICAN – an AI art-generating system – we argue for the need for approaches in computational creativity to shift focus from what computers are able to do in ontological terms to the perceptions of human users who enter into interactions with them. The case study illuminates how the Lovelace effect can be facilitated through technical but also through representational means, such as the situations and cultural contexts in which users are invited to interact with the AI.
Representations of the 2014 Hong Kong protests in journalistic translation: A corpus-based critical framing analysis of Chinese and English news coverage
Authors: Ping Yuan
Published: March 2022

This article focuses on the 2014 Hong Kong protests (also known as the Occupy Central or the Umbrella Movement), which have been one of the most high-profile socio-political incidents since the handover of Hong Kong’s sovereignty to China in 1997. It investigates how the protests were represented in the translated Chinese-language news produced by selected media from China, the UK and the US, and how these news articles were ‘reframed’ ( Baker, 2006 ) from their original English versions. The study proposes an analytical framework of corpus-based critical framing analysis, which combines critical discourse analysis, corpus analysis and framing analysis. It identifies some prominent news frames and several consistent framing patterns in the coverage of the protests: Reference News mainly adopts government and public frames and textual strategies of addition and omission; BBC Chinese employs social action and process frames, as well as a combination of framing strategies and devices at the textual, intratextual and paratextual levels; The New York Times Chinese (re)frames the events mostly through individual and geographical frames, and paratextual devices of news headlines and images. These news frames and framing patterns demonstrate the distinct political stances held by the media outlets towards the events.
Parental Preconception Adversity and Offspring Health in African Americans: A Systematic Review of Intergenerational Studies
Authors: Sweeting Josiah A. , Akinyemi Adebisi A. , Holman Ellen Alison
Published: March 2022

Background: This systematic review explores the empirical literature addressing the association between parental preconception adversity and offspring physical health in African-American families. Method: We conducted a literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus through June 2021. Articles were included if they: reported data about at least two generations of African-American participants from the same family; measured parental preconception adversity at the individual level; measured at least one offspring physical health outcome; and examined associations between parental adversity and child health. Results: We identified 701 unique articles; thirty-eight articles representing 30 independent studies met inclusion criteria. Twenty-five studies (83%) reported that parental preconception adversity was associated with child health; six studies (20%) reported that parental preconception adversity was not associated with at least one offspring outcome; several studies reported both. Only six studies (20%) reported an association specific to African Americans. Conclusion: Empirical evidence linking parental preconception adversity with offspring physical health in African Americans is limited and mixed. In the current literature, very few studies report evidence addressing intergenerational associations between parental preconception adversity and offspring physical health in the African-American population, specifically, and even fewer investigate forms of parental preconception adversity that have been shown to disproportionately affect African Americans (e.g., racism). To better understand root causes of racial health disparities, more rigorous systematic research is needed to address how intergenerational transmission of historical and ongoing race-based trauma may impact offspring health among African Americans.
Preparation, structure and application of styrene-acrylic emulsion/modified ammonium polyphosphate in flame retardant air filter paper
Authors: Jun Yan , Jin Yang , Lele Sun , Guilong Xu , Zhaohui Li
Published: March 2022

The filter paper of automobile engine air filter is easy to temper and causes combustion. Flame retardant is usually added to the reinforced resin styrene-acrylic emulsion (SAE) to improve the flame-retardant performance of the air filter paper. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was used as material in this research, and multi-layer coated APP was prepared by microcapsule coating. A layer of nano-scale SiO2 was coated and then introduced organosiloxane structure of the allyl polyoxypropylene ether side chain and boron. The chemical groups and structural composition were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. TGA characterized the modified particles' high-temperature stability. By scanning electron microscopy and TEM, the morphologies of modified particles were analyzed to reveal the evolution of modified APP in SAE. Finally, nanoparticles with core-shell structures were formed. Applying the blended resin to the air filter paper, the flame-retardant performance was greatly improved. Total heat release (THR), heat release rate (HRR), peak heat release rate (pkHRR), mass loss rate (MLR), and effective heat of combustion (EHC) were reduced, respectively, by 30.8%, 30.7%, 42.0%, 16.7%, and 14.4%. The time to ignition (TTI) was doubled, so the fire spread could be effectively suppressed. Meanwhile, nano latex particles were attached to the interwoven fibers points and formed a “sea-island structure,” which significantly improved the paper’s mechanical properties, with bursting strength, tensile strength, stiffness, fracture work, and elongation increased by 18.60%, 5.72%, 10.64%, 17.00%, and 81.80%, respectively. It solved the problem that the inorganic flame-retardant particles often lead to the deterioration of the mechanical properties of paper.