bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Plasmid Mediated Colistin Resistance in Colistin Resistant Gram-negative Bacilli
Authors: Tanriverdi Cayci Yeliz , Hacieminoglu Ulker Kubra , Gur Vural Demet , Bilgin Kemal , Birinci Asuman
Published: February 2023

Background: Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria are treated with colonistin as a last resort. However, the increased resistance in recent years is significant for treating multiple drug-resistant infections. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the resistance genes mobile colistin resistance (mcr)-1 and mcr-2 in the colistin-resistant isolates, understand the resistance mechanism, and help with treatment. Methods: Isolates were identified in the Vitek MS automated system. The antibiotic susceptibility was tested with the Vitek 2 Compact automated system. Enteric gram-negative bacilli isolates were stored at -20°C until the molecular study. DNA extraction of colistin-resistant isolates was performed by boiling method. Then, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) optimization was performed using the specific primers, and mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes were investigated by the multiplex PCR method. Results: About 170 enteric gram-negative bacilli isolate were mainly sent from internal medicine (44.7%) and neurology (13.5%) services. According to the species identification, 37.6% of the isolates were Klebsiella pneumonia, and 31.7% were Serratia marcescens. Based on PCR results, mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes were not detected in the isolates. Conclusions: Increased colistin resistance and the worrying discovery of mcr genes require urgent precautions, even though the study did not detect mcr-1 and mcr-2. New studies investigating mcr genes in new isolates are needed to understand the mechanism of resistance and identify resistant isolates.
Proportionality in Self-Defense
Authors: Kershnar Stephen ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2023

Proportionality matters. Intuitively, proportionality sets the ceiling on the amount of defensive violence that is permissible. A plausible view is that what justifies proportionality also justifies other defensive-violence requirements—for example, discrimination and necessity—and shows why other purported requirements are mistaken—for example, imminence. I argue that if defensive-violence proportionality is a part of moral reality, then there is a systematic justification of it. If there is a systematic justification of proportionality, then there is an adequate equation for it. There is no adequate equation for proportionality. Hence, proportionality is not part of moral reality. As a result, non-consequentialism does not justify defensive violence. The last part of this paper briefly applies these findings to vaccine mandates.
TÌNH HÌNH SỬ DỤNG KHÁNG SINH HỢP LÝ VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN TRONG ĐIỀU TRỊ NỘI TRÚ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN BÌNH AN – KIÊN GIANG NĂM 2021
Authors: Lâm Yến Huê , Đặng Duy Khánh , Dương Xuân Chữ
Published: February 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Hiện nay, tình hình đề kháng kháng sinh luôn ở mức báo động khiến việc lựa chọn kháng sinh hợp lý đang là một thách thức lớn đối với cán bộ y tế. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu nhằm xác định đặc điểm sử dụng kháng sinh, tỷ lệ sử dụng kháng sinh hợp lý, tìm hiểu một số yếu tố liên quan đến sử dụng kháng sinh không hợp lý trong điều trị nội trú tại bệnh viện Bình An – Kiên Giang năm 2021. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 368 bệnh án có sử dụng kháng sinh của bệnh nhân điều trị nội trú tại bệnh viện Bình An – Kiên Giang năm 2021. Khảo sát những đặc điểm sử dụng, đánh giá sử dụng kháng sinh hợp lý theo hướng dẫn của Bộ Y tế năm 2015 và Dược thư quốc gia Việt Nam 2018. Kết quả: Kháng sinh được sử dụng nhiều nhất là nhóm β-lactam, chiếm 57,7%. Có 54,9% trường hợp có phối hợp kháng sinh. Tỷ lệ sử dụng kháng sinh hợp lý là 71,7%. Trong đó tỷ lệ hợp lý về lựa chọn kháng sinh, liều dùng, khoảng cách liều, xuống thang kháng sinh lần lượt là 81,3%, 98,1%, 96,7%, 85,4%. Chúng tôi tìm thấy mối liên quan giữa sử dụng kháng sinh không hợp lý và giới tính, số bệnh mắc kèm, số lần chuyển đổi kháng sinh, với p < 0,05. Kết luận: Tỷ lệ sử dụng kháng sinh hợp lý là 71,7%. Cần đẩy mạnh công tác dược lâm sàng, triển khai kế hoạch quản lý, can thiệp đảm bảo sử dụng kháng sinh hợp lý, nâng cao chất lượng điều trị.
SO SÁNH GIÁ TRỊ TIÊN LƯỢNG SUY HÔ HẤP NẶNG CỦA THANG ĐIỂM qCSI VÀ CRB-65 TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN COVID-19
Authors: Lê Hồ Bảo Châu , Huỳnh Văn Su , Lê Văn Minh
Published: February 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Bệnh coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) có biểu hiện lâm sàng đa dạng, từ nhiễm không triệu chứng cho tới những biểu hiện nặng như suy hô hấp cấp, viêm phổi nặng, suy chức năng đa cơ quan và tử vong. Một công cụ tiên lượng sớm diễn tiến suy hô hấp nặng ở các bệnh nhân này có thể giúp tối ưu hóa việc phân tầng điều trị và quyết định kế hoạch chăm sóc phù hợp, đặc biệt là ở tuyến y tế cơ sở. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu và so sánh giá trị thang điểm qCSI và CRB65 trong tiên lượng suy hô hấp nặng sau 24 giờ nhập viện của bệnh nhân COVID-19. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang có phân tích trên 220 bệnh nhân COVID19 từ tháng 12/2021-4/2022 tại Khu điều trị COVID-19 huyện Tịnh Biên, tỉnh An Giang. Kết quả: Thang điểm qCSI có giá trị tiên lượng rất tốt suy hô hấp nặng sau 24 giờ với phần diện tích dưới đường cong (AUC) là 0,958 (p<0,0001). Điểm cắt tối ưu của thang điểm qCSI là 8 với độ nhạy 100% và độ đặc hiệu 87,5%. Thang điểm CRB-65 có giá trị trung bình trong tiên lượng suy hô hấp nặng sau 24 giờ với AUC là 0,779 (p<0,0001). Điểm cắt tối ưu của thang điểm CRB65 là 1 với độ nhạy 75% và độ đặc hiệu 73,9%. Thang điểm qCSI có giá trị tiên lượng suy hô hấp nặng sau 24 giờ tốt hơn thang điểm CRB65.  Kết luận: Thang điểm qCSI có giá trị tiên lượng suy hô hấp nặng sau 24 giờ nhập viện tốt hơn thang điểm CRB65.
NGHIÊN CỨU KIẾN THỨC, THỰC HÀNH PHÒNG, CHỐNG BỆNH THỦY ĐẬU CỦA BÀ MẸ CÓ CON DƯỚI 5 TUỔI TẠI HUYỆN VĨNH LỢI TỈNH BẠC LIÊU NĂM 2021-2022
Authors: Tiền Trường Hải Đăng , Lê Thành Tài , Nguyễn Vủ Trường Giang , Nguyễn Huỳnh Tiểu Ngọc
Published: February 2023

Đặt vấn đề: Tổ chức Y tế thế giới ước tính mỗi năm có khoảng 4,2 triệu trường hợp mắc bệnh thủy đậu bị biến chứng nghiêm trọng dẫn tới nhập viện và 4.200 ca tử vong liên quan xảy ra trên toàn cầu. Theo Hội Y học Dự phòng, 90% người bệnh bị nhiễm thuỷ đậu là trẻ trong độ tuổi từ 2 - 7 tuổi. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: (1) Xác định tỷ lệ kiến thức, thực hành đúng về phòng chống bệnh thủy đậu của bà mẹ có con dưới 5 tuổi; (2) Tìm hiểu một số yếu tố liên quan đến kiến thức, thực hành đúng. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 400 Phụ nữ có con dưới 5 tuổi với phương pháp chọn mẫu ngẫu nhiên hệ thống. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ kiến thức chung đúng là 47,3% và thực hành chung đúng là 63,6%. Kiến thức chung, thực hành chung đúng có liên quan đến tuổi, dân tộc, học vấn, nghề nghiệp, kinh tế, tiền sử và nguồn tiếp cận thông tin. Kết luận: Tỷ lệ kiến thức, thực hành chung đúng về phòng, chống bệnh thủy đậu còn thấp, do đó cần tiếp tục truyền thông nâng cao kiến thức phòng, chống bệnh thủy đậu, đặt biệt là công tác tiêm chủng cho trẻ em.
Two Cases of Legionnaires’ disease following exposure to a hot tub at a private residence – Ontario, 2021
Authors: Majury Anna , Murphy Allana , Mayer Bernie , Singh Rajesh , Azad Md , Kim Jin Hee , Chung Rena , Mallo Gustavo V. , Li Aimin , Bi Yingli
Published: February 2023

On September 10, 2021, the Haliburton, Kawartha, Pine Ridge District Health Unit in Ontario, Canada, received a case report of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in a patient (case 1) hospitalized for pneumonia. A second case (case 2) within the same household was also identified. Case 1 was laboratory diagnosed by urine antigen testing, whereas case 2 was diagnosed by PCR and culture from a respiratory specimen collected from case 2, both at Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Ontario, Canada. Cases were linked by household and both cases were exposed via a newly purchased but previously used hot tub. Samples from the hot tub were culture positive when tested at PHO’s Laboratory. Given a respiratory culture isolate was available, together with an environmental isolate from the hot tub, sequence based typing was undertaken. Having both a clinical and an environmental culture isolate is essential for molecular investigations. The sequence type for the clinical isolate was the same as the environmental isolate, providing additional evidence that the hot tub was the source of infection for both cases.
The Assistance Economic Independence through Making Fermented Animal Feed in the Cattle Farmer Community at Rejomulyo Sub-District South Metro
Authors: Andika Ari Saputra  , Haris Santoso  , M. Zainal Arifin
Published: February 2023

The condition of a developing country associates with other nations that have advanced economically. In an effort to catch up in the economic field, these countries must carry out various development programs. Farmers and underprivileged communities in the regions need assistance or funds that aim to empower them. The aim of this article gave the Assistance for Economic Independence through Making Fermented Animal Feed in the Cattle Farmer Community at Rejomulyo Sub-District South Metro, The researchers used Asset Based Community Development (ABCD), by conducting training to the farmers about the importance of utilizing the potential that exists in the environment. The result show that the community empowerment provides benefits in the form of increasing knowledge of the nutrients needed by livestock, high nutritional animal feed, increasing skills in making fermented hay feed through training activities both theory and practice. For the success of the service carried out, there was still need for further assistance to cattle breeders.
Empowerment of Housewives through Activities of Processing Coconut into Flower Pots at Palakka District
Authors: Asmah Amir  , Andi Hajar  , Fatmawati Ramli  , Sitti Asmah
Published: February 2023

This community service program aims to increase community creativity in utilizing the natural resources available in the surrounding environment into useful and beneficial things, especially for the people in Tanah Tengah Village, Palakka District. The strategy used to achieve this goal is through a series of activities starting with field observations, conducting interviews and approaches to housewives who love ornamental plants (flowers), directing them to collect coconut husks around them so that later they can processed into useful things and reduce spending on buying flower pots that are displayed in various places, especially in the market. In addition, increasing creativity in processing coconut coir into flower pots can make local communities have space to open businesses in increasing economic income for the welfare of families and communities so that later they need continuous assistance to produce products that are of interest to various groups of people (taking into account the feasibility of being used as a business). ). Marketing activities are carried out by advertising products on various social media that are needed at all home scales with various product displays (mats and coconut fiber ropes, etc.) that are friendly to the environment and good for the growth of various ornamental plants, especially orchids and open-pore plants.
Training of the Art Reading Al Qur'an of Sidomulyo Community at Tumbang Tahai Village
Authors: Satria Nur Rizki  , Nurul Wahdah  , Muslimah
Published: February 2023

The art of reading the Qur’an is the art of reading that is sung to the rhythm of thesong. This art is known as An-Nagham fil Qur’an (Beauty reading of the Qur’anaccording to its rules). Meanwhile, the object of Nagham’s knowledge is to learnthe method, method of humming or singing the recitation of the Qur’an. The art ofreading the Qur’an will be easy to understand if someone can learn the art ofreading, has mastered theory of the art of song well, understand the science ofrecitation, and can read the Qur’an with tartil. In addition, there are also mainaspect that must be mastered by someone to be perfect in the art of reading the Qur’an, namely mastery of breath, voice, fashahah, and adab. The method used in this service is ABCD (Asset Based Community Development) method. This methodhas the main focus, namely broadcasting the Qur’an with the development ofcommunity assets through the art of the reading Qur’an. This coaching activityaims to increase the potential of the community in the art of reading the Qur’an(Nagham fil Qur’an). This coaching activity aims to increase the knowledge andpotential of the community in understanding the art of reading the Qur'an(Nagham fil Qur'an). This activity was carried out for four months and wasattended by 14 participants consisting of four children, four teenagers, and sixmothers
Full transparency or control release of information as a dilemma of the contemporary PR crisis
Authors: Todorov Sergey
Published: February 2023

The use of the control release of information in today's informational 21st century is a fact and some would say it is really a problem, if it is not used properly and only in particular spheres and under specific circumstances. Others would say that it serves as a weapon or a tool for achieving a communication purpose with certain risks. The most important in the case is that the use of such actions would show a certain actions, which were evolving in the past and that was never on the spotlight. And not only. The use of the tactics such as the control release of information is risky and could have huge and could have very heavy consequences for the communication. The control release of information is a process, used by the PR specialists to tell a certain information in a particular moment of time. The release of this information in most cases is aiming to deceive the public – it can be totally untrue, untrue and later on refuted by the PR, partially true or totally true. In the last two cases the reason is to study the public reaction for e specific intention of institution, agency, government, non government organisation. If there is no negative public reaction for the intention of the institution or organisation after the release of the information "the negative feedback" in the communication is minimal.
Derallajt, rruga deri te pavarësia
Authors: Idrizi Zeqirja
Published: February 2023

Objekt studimi, i këtij punimi shkencor është veprimtaria politike-ushtarake e Derallëve – Mehmet Pashë Derallës, në valën e kryengritjes së përgjithshme shqiptare. Në këtë e për një figurë të dalluar, i cili jep një kontribut të dukshëm në fazën e fundit të Lëvizjes Kombëtare Shqiptare, duke qenë edhe autori që i hodhi themelet e organizimit dhe krijimit të ushtrisë me një imazh të plotë në vitet që pasuan, kështu që te plaku 69 vjeçar zuri fill ushtria shqiptare. Përvoja e tij ushtarake u shfaq edhe në hartimin e “rregullores për organizimin e përkohshëm të Ministrisë së Luftës” më 13 prill 1913, dhe “rregullores së Qeverisë së përkohshme mbi formimin e Milicisë Shqiptare”, më 13 qershor 1913. Mehmet Pashë Deralla qëndroi në detyrën e Ministrit të Luftës nga 4 dhjetori 1912 deri më 20 maj 1914. E mënjanuan nga funksioni ushtarak-qeveritar, po legjitimitetin për të qenë në krye të luftës e në ballë të vijës për çlirimin e viseve të pushtuara e ribashkimin e tyre me trungun, kurrkush s’mund t’ia mohonte. Gjeneral Deralla mbylli sytë dhe i pushoi zemra atje ku i rrahu për herë të parë. Po e linte Kosovën dhe Tetovën që i dhanë emër dhe nder në qëndresë.
Personaliteti i Mehmet Pashë Derallës në këngët popullore
Authors: Abdyli Izet
Published: February 2023

Personaliteti i Mehmet Pashë Derallës në këngët popullore, do të përqendrohem në këngët rapsodike, të cilat i janë kushtuar këtij personaliteti të rëndësishëm të Qeverisë së Vlorës, e cila shpalli pavarësinë e saj të plotë. Në këtë punim do të trajtohet roli dhe angazhimi i Ministrit të parë të Luftës, Mehmet Pashë Deralla, që ka mbetur në kujtesën e popullit dhe që është shprehur nëpërmjet këngës. Me një mjeshtri të veçantë është skalitur madhështia, mençuria, guximi dhe trimëria e personalitetit të tij. Mehmet Pashë Deralla është një nga figurat më të çmuara të historisë sonë kombëtare. Janë të rrallë personalitet kombëtare si Deralla, të cilit dimensioni i jetës dhe i veprës shtrihet në përmasa historike të dy periudhave më të lavdishme të historisë së popullit shqiptar, atë të Lidhjes Shqiptare të Prizrenit dhe të Shpalljes së Pavarësisë së Shqipërisë në Vlorë.
Mehmet Pashë Deralla figurë e shquar politike dhe ushtarake
Authors: Koçi Dorian
Published: February 2023

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Mehmet Deralla la gjurmë të pashlyeshme në histori
Authors: Shehapi Behxhudin
Published: February 2023

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A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON ARTICAINE
Authors: Dr.Parimala Kulkarni
Published: February 2023

Local anaesthetics (LAs) offer patients pain-free dental care while lowering patient apprehension and anxiety. Evidence-based dental clinical practice should be based on the most recent clinical studies and involve ongoing reevaluation of all available clinical data on the efficacy and safety of dental anaesthetics. When dealing with children, it is imperative to understand the overdosage of anesthetic agents resulting in toxic reactions and soft tissue trauma inflicted due to extended spans of anesthesia and variations of technique. The anaesthesia should have minimal side effects and optimal efficacy with the fewest injections possible. Hence, this review has been undertaken to assess the various parameters related to Articaine, the newer anesthetic.
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT OF COVID-19 AMONGST HEALTH-CARE WORKERS IN BHOPAL, MADHYAPRADESH.
Authors: Dr. Nikhil Chandrakant Thorat,  , Dr. Sahana S  , Dr. Tarun Pratap Singh  , Dr. Anshika  Khare  , Dr. Priyanka Paliwal
Published: February 2023

Introduction - Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the SARS Corona Virus 2 (SARSCOV 2), which was discovered in 2019 at a wet market in Wuhan, China. Healthcare workers' psychological health has been significantly impacted by the coronavirus disease. During epidemics, health care workers (HCWs) are commonly the very first point of contact and are vulnerable to infectious diseases. The aim of the study to measure the psychological effect of Covid-19 amongst healthcare workers in Bhopal city.

Materials and methods- A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted amongst health care workers of Bhopal city, who were working in government and private hospitals between April 2021 to May 2021. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21(DASS-21) Items was used to conduct the survey Data analysis was done using SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA). ANOVA test was used to determine to find any significant difference comparing psychological variable between the groups of health care workers. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results- 350 responses were received in total. Health care workers were categorised as doctors, dentists and nurses. Among the respondents 20.9% participants were males and 79.1% were females. It was noted that dentists reported significantly more psychological distress than doctors and nurses. At baseline (n=350), overall mean depression, anxiety and stress of the doctor, dentist and nurses were 20.69±7.55, 29.83±8.34 and 12.86±4.69 respectively, which was significant at p=0.00*.

Conclusion – Health care workers experienced poor psychological health due to pandemic, indicating they may be at risk for greater psychological distress. The results of this study stress the greater need of research in psychological field to facilitate capacity building among healthcare workers.
The effect of metformin on viability and mitochondrial status of tumor and non-tumor cell line
Authors: Ljubičić Jelena , Pešić Andrej , Isaković Anđelka
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Metformin is a drug of choice in the therapy of type II Diabetes mellitus. There is a growing evidence of metformin's antitumor activity, but the suggested mechanisms of such activity are still not fully elucidated. Aim: To investigate the effect of therapeutic doses of metformin on viability and mitochondrial status of human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NCI-H460) and human immortalized lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) cell lines. Material and methods: Acid phosphatase and Crystal Violet assays were used for the determination of NCI-H460 and MRC-5 cell viability after the treatment with metformin (10-60 µM) for 1-7 days. Mitochondrial membrane potential, production of reactive oxygen species and superoxide anion, as well as mitochondrial mass were measured using flow cytometry after the treatment of the cells for 3, 24 and 120 h, followed by staining with appropriate fluorochromes: JC-1, DHR, DHE and Mitotracker Red. Results: Metformin did not change the viability of both NCI-H460 and MRC-5 cells in all investigated time-points and all used concentrations. Depolarization of mitochondrial membrane was observed 3 h post-treatment in MRC-5 cells. Prolonged treatment (120 h) increased superoxide anion production and mitochondrial mass in NCI-H460 cells. No significant changes in production of reactive oxygen species were observed in both cells lines after short or extended exposure to metformin. Conclusion: : Therapeutic concentrations of metformin do not influence the viability of NCI-H460 and MRC-5 cells, but induce mitochondrial depolarization after short-term exposure in lung fibroblasts and increase production of superoxide anion and mitochondrial mass in lung carcinoma cells after prolonged treatment.
Significance of right ventricular function for the outcome of treatment and remodeling of the heart after left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Terzić Duško , Mikić Aleksandar
Published: February 2023

The efficiency of the device for permanent circulatory support of the left ventricle has been proven through clinical practice with the trend of constant improvement of treatment results along with biotechnological progress and improvement of surgical implantation techniques. The published reports of most reference cardiac surgery centers present a one-year survival rate of over 85%, a two-year survival rate of 70% and a five-year survival rate of 45-50%. In addition to clear benefits for the patient, implantation of LVAD also carries significant specific risks, so infections, post-implantation bleeding, strokes, and right ventricular postimplantation weakness are the most common complications. Given that the progress of the LVAD program is ensured primarily by reducing the incidence of complications not related to the functioning of individual segments of the cardiovascular system, and as left ventricular function is completely replaced by LVAD device, the most recent challenge is the decision to install LVAD device in the heart with right ventricular, given that the postimplantation weakness of right ventricular is associated with proven increased mortality and morbidity. Since the 1990s, studies on hearts with implanted LVAD as a bridge to heart transplantation have shown regression of cell hypertrophy, normalization of cell size, muscle fiber architecture, and heart chamber geometry. The described changes are characterized by the notion of reverse remodeling, which is synonymous with function recovery. It is this process at the level of the right ventricle that is recognized as extremely important for the success of LVAD programs, especially in the group of patients who have a certain degree of right ventricular weakness preoperatively. The basic requirements of the cardiac surgery team are adequate preoperative assessment of right ventricular weakness, then application of measures to prevent damage and load on the right ventricle during and after LVAD implantation, as well as providing adequate therapeutic measures for right ventricular recovery in the postimplantation period.
Calculations, Model Tests and Full Scale Measurements on a Fully Feathering Controllable Pitch Propeller
Authors: Kruppa C. , Pipplies H. , Faller W.
Published: February 2023

Two British triple screw cross-channel ferries have been equipped with Escher Wyss controllable pitch propellers of the fully feathering type on the center shaft. Due to the highly skewed blades the fully feathering position is achieved by gradual pitch increase rather than by the hitherto applied pitch reduction. The performance of the system was predicted on the basis of the model tests and monitored during prototype trials, mainly with regard to spindle torque characteristics. The results of the model and full scales measurements are reported and analyzed. In addition, the propeller blade forces are determined analytically for the fully feathered condition, applying finite aspect ratio wing theory and advanced viscous flow foil section analysis.
In-Service Propeller Polishing
Authors: Witmer D. J. , Whiteside R. M.
Published: February 2023

This paper will discuss the theory and mechanics of in-service propeller polishing and then present the benefits of identified by periodically polishing the propellers on selected ships between the Sohio Oil fleet and how these benefit justify establishing a fleetwide propeller maintenance program. Based on our investigations it is reasonable to expect fuel servings in the order of one to three percent through in service propeller polishing on a quarterly or semiannual basis.
Cavitation and Hull Pressure Excitation Characteristics for a Combatant Ship Propeller
Authors: Wilson M. B. , Jenkins D. S.
Published: February 2023

This paper presents results of water tunnel model experiments and analytical predictions for the propeller-induced unsteady hull surface pressures and blade cavitation produced by a high-power destroyer propeller. The experimental results were obtained with a large model propeller run in the proximity of a partial stern representation of a generic combatant ship hull form, and offer a comprehensive picture of the distribution of unsteady pressure amplitudes near the propeller . There is good agreement between calculated and experimental results for the unsteady surface pressure amplitudes. Predicted blade cavitation patterns s how fair agreement only for the leading sheet cavities.
Perbandingan Penjadwalan Proyek Menggunakan Kurva “S” dan CPM Network pada Proyek “X” di Surabaya
Authors: Sulistio Wenly , Andi Andi
Published: February 2023

Metode yang banyak digunakan dalam perencanaan jadwal proyek adalah metode CPM Network yang memperlihatkan analisa jaringan antar aktivitas dan juga metode Kurva “S” yang menggunakan grafik hubungan jadwal proyek dengan biaya proyek. Penelitian ini melakukan perencanaan jadwal menggunakan metode CPM Network dan Kurva “S”. Dari data yang didapat dilakukan perencanaan jadwal proyek menggunakan bantuan program Microsoft Project dan selanjutnya dilakukan pengamatan dilapangan. Hasil dari analisa kedua metode akan dilakukan perbandingan.Hasil dari CPM Network menunjukkan terjadi keterlambatan selama 173 hari. Hasil dari Kurva “S” menunjukkan bahwa proyek terselesaikan sebesar 54.5322% yang dalam rencana diselesaikan selama 245 hari, sehingga terjadi keterlambatan 105 hari. Hasil CPM Network menunjukkan proyek terlambat mulai periode ke-13. Metode Kurva S menunjukkan proyek terlambat mulai periode ke-11. CPM Network menghasilkan informasi analisa setiap periode sehingga dapat dilakukan pengendalian sesegera mungkin. Kurva “S” melihat secara biaya tetapi tidak dapat menginformasikan suatu aktivitas terlambat atau lebih cepat.
Locally Rotated Chiral Molecular Tiara with Reversible CPL Emissions
Authors: Wang Ranran , Zhang Chun , Chen Yuan , Xie Wang , Jiao Jianmin , Liang Yong , Wang Leyong , Jiang Juli
Published: February 2023

Chiroptical materials capable of emitting circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have been gaining intensive interest for their wide applications in fields of materials. In this work, a locally rotated molecular tiara Py5P5, in which five bulky pyrene units locate at one rim of Py5P5, and five small methoxy groups at the other, is designed. The planar chiral skeleton of Py5P5 can make five pyrene units being ordered in asymmetrical manner to arise the CPL emission from pyrene excimer, and the small methoxy groups rim in the other can ensure the interconversion between pR‐ and pS‐conformers of Py5P5 freely via local rotation. Thus, both left‐handed and right‐handed CPL may emit from pyrene units of Py5P5 stacked in the asymmetrical order with a high |glum| up to 1.28 × 10−3 under the induction of chiral amino acid derivatives. It is the first observation that both right‐handed and left‐handed CPL from pyrene excimer can be arisen from a single molecule by adding the simple chiral guests.
On the Rational Design of Mesoporous Silica Humidity Sensors
Authors: Füredi Máté , Alvarez‐Fernandez Alberto , Fornerod Maximiliano Jesus Jara , Fodor Bálint , Guldin Stefan
Published: February 2023

Mesoporous silica is commonly used as matrix for humidity sensors which operate on the principle of relative humidity (RH)‐dependent water uptake and read‐out by resistance (R) monitoring. Although numerous studies have been dedicated to improving sensitivity with conductive additives, the role of the pore architecture on the sensing behavior has not been systematically investigated so far. Herein, the effects of pore size and porosity on resistive sensing performance in the 0.5–85% RH range are showcased. Across various sensors, a clear correlation is identified between mesopore size and linear RH sensing range. Sensors with larger pores (≈15 nm) exhibit linear response in the 65 to 85% RH range with larger slope (ΔlogR/ΔRH) than sensors with smaller pores (<8 nm). Additionally, increasing porosity while retaining pore size, yields better overall sensor performance across the 15–85% RH range. In particular, a combination of pore size around 15 nm and porosity of 70% showcased a large resistance versus RH response (R0/R ≈ 10000) in the measured range, with quick response and recovery times of 3 and 9 seconds, respectively. These findings may serve as guidelines for developing broad spectrum high performance mesoporous sensors and for sensors specifically engineered to operate in specific RH ranges.
Biomimetic Remodeling of Microglial Riboflavin Metabolism Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment by Modulating Neuroinflammation
Authors: Zhang Mengran , Chen Huaqing , Zhang Wenlong , Liu Yan , Ding Liuyan , Gong Junwei , Ma Runfang , Zheng Shaohui , Zhang Yunlong
Published: February 2023

Neuroinflammation, for which microglia are the predominant contributors, is a significant risk factor for cognitive dysfunction. Riboflavin (also known as vitamin B2) ameliorates cognitive impairment via anti‐oxidative stress and anti‐inflammation properties; however, the underlying mechanisms linking riboflavin metabolism and microglial function in cognitive impairment remain unclear. Here, it is demonstrated that riboflavin kinase (RFK), a critical enzyme in riboflavin metabolism, is specifically expressed in microglia. An intermediate product of riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide (FMN), inhibited RFK expression via regulation of lysine‐specific methyltransferase 2B (KMT2B). FMN supplementation attenuated the pro‐inflammatory TNFR1/NF‐κB signaling pathway, and this effect is abolished by KMT2B overexpression. To improve the limited anti‐inflammatory efficiency of free FMN, a biomimetic microglial nanoparticle strategy (designated as MNPs@FMN) is established, which penetrated the blood brain barrier with enhanced microglial‐targeted delivery efficiency. Notably, MNPs@FMN ameliorated cognitive impairment and dysfunctional synaptic plasticity in a lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory mouse model and in a 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Taken together, biomimetic microglial delivery of FMN may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for inflammation‐dependent cognitive decline.
Efficient Narrowband Circularly Polarized Light Emitters Based on 1,4‐B,N‐embedded Rigid Donor–Acceptor Helicenes
Authors: Zhang Fangyuan , Rauch Florian , Swain Asim , Marder Todd B. , Ravat Prince
Published: February 2023

Narrow‐band emission is essential for applicable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) active materials in ultrahigh‐definition CP‐OLEDs. One of the most promising classes of CPL active molecules, helicenes, however, typically exhibit broad emission with a large Stokes shift. We present, herein, a design strategy capitalizing on intramolecular donor‐acceptor interactions between nitrogen and boron atoms to address this issue. 1,4‐B,N‐embedded configurationally stable single‐ and double helicenes were synthesized straightforwardly. Both helicenes show unprecedentedly narrow fluorescence and CPL bands (full width at half maximum between 17–28 nm, 0.07–0.13 eV) along with high fluorescence quantum yields (72–85 %). Quantum chemical calculations revealed that the relative localization of the natural transition orbitals, mainly on the rigid core of the molecule, and small values of root‐mean‐square displacements between S0 and S1 state geometries, contribute to the narrower emission.
ECNU‐13: A High‐Silica Zeolite with Three‐Dimensional and High‐Connectivity Multi‐Pore Structures for Selective Alkene Cracking
Authors: Peng Mingming , Deng Quanzheng , Zhao Yuhong , Xu Hao , Guan Yejun , Jiang Jingang , Han Lu , Wu Peng
Published: February 2023

A high‐silica zeolite ECNU‐13 (Si/Al=23) with a new three‐dimensional (3D) pore system and a nanosized morphology has been developed, consisting of multitudes of 10‐membered ring (10‐R) medium pores and one set of 8‐R small pores. A phase‐discrimination strategy was proposed to synthesize ECNU‐13 by regulating the gel compositions and nucleation processes that were used for preparing 12‐R large‐pore germanosilicate IM‐20 with the known UWY topology. The crystallization was directed towards forming one set of single four‐ring (s4r) composite building units together with one set of double four‐ring (d4r) rather than two different types of d4r units in IM‐20. The electron crystallographic investigations elucidated that the ECNU‐13 structure was composed of two kinds of polymorphs as a result of distinct atomic positionings in s4r units. In catalytic cracking of 1‐butene, ECNU‐13 exhibited high propene selectivity (55.6 %) and propene to ethylene molar ratio (>4.7) superior to well‐studied conventional ZSM‐5 zeolite catalyst.
In Situ X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Metal/Nitrogen‐doped Carbons in Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Wu Bin , Sun Tianxiao , You Ya , Meng Haibing , Morales Dulce M. , Lounasvuori Mailis , Beheshti Askari Abbas , Jiang Li , Zeng Feng , Hu Baoshan , Zhang Xiangzhi , Tai Renzhong , Xu Zhichuan J. , Petit Tristan , Mai Liqiang
Published: February 2023

Metal/nitrogen‐doped carbons (M−N−C) are promising candidates as oxygen electrocatalysts due to their low cost, tunable catalytic activity and selectivity, and well‐dispersed morphologies. To improve the electrocatalytic performance of such systems, it is critical to gain a detailed understanding of their structure and properties through advanced characterization. In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) serves as a powerful tool to probe both the active sites and structural evolution of catalytic materials under reaction conditions. In this review, we firstly provide an overview of the fundamental concepts of XAS and then comprehensively review the setup and application of in situ XAS, introducing electrochemical XAS cells, experimental methods, as well as primary functions on catalytic applications. The active sites and the structural evolution of M−N−C catalysts caused by the interplay with electric fields, electrolytes and reactants/intermediates during the oxygen evolution reaction and the oxygen reduction reaction are subsequently discussed in detail. Finally, major challenges and future opportunities in this exciting field are highlighted.
Towards sustainable rubber compounds: The use of waste raw materials
Authors: Bragaglia Mario , Paleari Lorenzo , Berrocal José Augusto , Lamastra Francesca R. , Nanni Francesca
Published: February 2023

This article aims to realize a sustainable rubber compound made in large percentage of secondary raw materials. Waste chewing gum (WCG) has been studied as source of rubber and added in 25% by weight in an ethylene propylene diene monomer based compound in view of a circular economy and eco‐friendly rubber manufacturing. Biobased CaCO3 extracted from waste eggshells was used as extender agent and waste cooking oil from potato chips frying was employed as processing aid. The rubber extracted from WCG resulted to be polyisobutylene (PIB) whereas the main component of the WCG is polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). The addition of the WCG modifies the rheological properties of the rubber compound leading to a better filler–filler and filler–matrix interaction. On the other hand, the presence of both PVAc and PIB leads to lower mechanical properties (max torque 6 vs 10 dNm in curing test) but also higher elongation at break (600% vs 500%). The WCG also increases the self‐adhesion of the rubber and decreases the glass transition temperature allowing for the use of these compounds at lower temperatures thanks to its good tack behavior.
Improving the Coke Resistance of Ni‐Ceria Catalysts for Partial Oxidation of Methane to Syngas: Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Khurana Deepak , Dahiya Neetika , Negi Smriti , Bordoloi Ankur , Ali Haider M. , Bal Rajaram , Khan Tuhin Suvra
Published: February 2023

The synthesis of syngas (H2 : CO=2) via catalytic partial oxidation of methane (CPOM) is studied over noble metal doped Ni−CeO2 bimetallic catalysts for CPOM reaction. The catalysts were synthesized via a controlled deposition approach and were characterized using XRD, BET‐surface area analysis, H2‐TPR, TEM, Raman and TGA analysis. The catalysts were experimentally and computationally studied for their activity, selectivity, and long‐term stability. Although the pure 5Ni/CeO2 catalyst showed high initial activity (∼90%) of CH4 conversion, it rapidly deactivates around 20% of its initial activity within 140 hours of TOS. Doping of Ni/CeO2 catalyst with noble metal was found to be coke resistant with the best‐performing Ni−Pt/CeO2 catalyst showed ∼95% methane conversion with >90% selectivity at a temperature of 800 °C, having exceptional stability for about 300 hours of time‐on‐stream (TOS). DFT studies were performed to calculate the activation barrier for the C−H activation of methane over the Ni, Ni3Pt, Ni3Pd, and Ni3Ru (111) surfaces showed nearly equal activation energy over all the studied surfaces. DFT studies showed high coke formation tendency of the pure Ni (111) having a very small C−C coupling activation barrier (14.2 kJ/mol). In contrast, the Ni3Pt, Ni3Pd, and Ni3Ru (111) surfaces show appreciably higher C−C coupling activation barrier (∼70 kJ/mol) and hence are more resistant against coke formation as observed in the experiments. The combined experimental and DFT study showed Ni−Pt/CeO2 as a promising CPOM catalyst for producing syngas with high conversion, selectivity and long‐term stability suited for future industrial applications.
Spectroscopic analysis of recombinant human growth hormone in the presence of sucrose and trehalose
Authors: Kamrani Solmaz , Yaghmaei Parichehreh , Nikkhah Maryam , Hosseinkhani Saman
Published: February 2023

Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is a therapeutic protein, associated with various human diseases, such as growth hormone deficiency. One of the interesting issues in the formulation of therapeutic proteins is excipients like disaccharides. In the current study, we try to compare the effect of sucrose and trehalose on the structure of rhGH in the liquid state at 25°C and 55°C. We use spectroscopic techniques including intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), circular dichroism (CD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and time‐resolved fluorescence. FTIR shows a slight change in the secondary structure of rhGH in presence of the sugars as sucrose is more effective than trehalose. Fluorescence investigations also confirm the enhancements of folding of rhGH and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐rhGH in presence of sucrose (1.5‐fold more than trehalose). Also, we studied sucrose's effect on the rete of aggregation of rhGH using spectroscopy of Congo red, and fluorescence imaging of thioflavin T (ThT)‐treated samples. It can be suggested that sucrose facilitates the amyloid formation of rhGH during 20 days of incubation at 37°C. This study will help to understand the growth hormone structural behavior in the liquid state in the presence of sucrose and trehalose in vitro.
Robotic ureteral reconstruction for recurrent strictures after prior failed management
Authors: Lee Matthew , Lee Ziho , Houston Nicklaus , Strauss David , Lee Randall , Asghar Aeen M. , Corse Tanner , Zhao Lee C. , Stifelman Michael D. , Eun Daniel D. ,   Collaborative of Reconstructive Robotic Ureteral Surgery (CORRUS)
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To describe our multi‐institutional experience with robotic ureteral reconstruction (RUR) in patients who failed prior endoscopic and/or surgical management.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed our Collaborative of Reconstructive Robotic Ureteral Surgery (CORRUS) database for all consecutive patients who underwent RUR between 05/2012 and 01/2020 for a recurrent ureteral stricture after having undergone prior failed endoscopic and/or surgical repair. Post‐operatively, patients were assessed for surgical success, defined as the absence of flank pain and obstruction on imaging.

Results

Overall, 105 patients met inclusion criteria. Median stricture length was 2 (IQR 1–3) centimetres. Strictures were located at the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) (41.0%), proximal (14.3%), middle (9.5%) or distal (35.2%) ureter. There were nine (8.6%) radiation‐induced strictures. Prior failed management included endoscopic intervention (49.5%), surgical repair (25.7%) or both (24.8%). For repair of UPJ and proximal strictures, ureteroureterostomy (3.4%), ureterocalicostomy (5.2%), pyeloplasty (53.5%) or buccal mucosa graft ureteroplasty (37.9%) was utilized; for repair of middle strictures, ureteroureterostomy (20.0%) or buccal mucosa graft ureteroplasty (80.0%) was utilized; for repair of distal strictures, ureteroureterostomy (8.1%), side‐to‐side reimplant (18.9%), end‐to‐end reimplant (70.3%) or appendiceal bypass (2.7%) was utilized. Major (Clavien >2) post‐operative complications occurred in two (1.9%) patients. At a median follow‐up of 15.1 (IQR 5.0–30.4) months, 94 (89.5%) cases were surgically successful.

Conclusions

RUR may be performed with good intermediate‐term outcomes for patients with recurrent strictures after prior failed endoscopic and/or surgical management.
Revisiting the testicular toxicity of cyanide: Assessment of the new and existing literature
Authors: Williams Amy Lavin , DeSesso John M.
Published: February 2023

Background

Based on new testing, we re‐assess U.S. EPA and California OEHHA conclusions regarding male reproductive toxicity associated with cyanide exposure.

Methods

Literature identified by ATSDR, ECETOC and EPA was complemented by studies conducted after 2006. Relevant studies were scored for quality using ToxRTool.

Results

Eleven pertinent animal investigations were identified; five with quality scores of 1 were evaluated in‐depth. The NTP 13‐week drinking water study of NaCN in rats reported significantly decreased water intakes and reduced cauda epididymal weights; altered sperm parameters occurred in high‐dose rats. When compared to contemporaneous historical control data (HCD), the mean cauda epididymal weights of cyanide‐treated rats in the NTP study were within HCD, whereas control weights exceeded HCD. A new 13‐week drinking water study used the same design with additional features (individually caged rats, “paired water” controls, thyroid hormone determinations, post‐treatment recovery) and found a smaller decrease in water consumption (11% versus 18% at 300 ppm) and no treatment‐related changes in male reproductive measures. Although thyroid/parathyroid weights were increased at 300 ppm, histopathology and thyroid hormone levels were unaffected. The remaining high‐quality cyanide studies reported no adverse findings in male reproductive organs. Unconfounded sperm measures were not adversely affected in any quality 1 studies.

Conclusions

Changes in the male reproductive system reported after cyanide exposure in the NTP study were not reproducible, unlikely to be treatment‐related, and should not be used as the sole basis for human health assessments.
Newly synthesized Fe‐doped CDs for colorimetric and fluorometric nanozyme‐based levodopa sensing
Authors: Ahmad Haval Aziz , Hassan Rebwar Omar
Published: February 2023

A simple single‐pot hydrothermal method was used to fabricate a Fe, N, and S co‐doped carbon dots (Fe‐CDs) nanozyme using ferric chloride and sunset yellow as precursors. The fabricated Fe‐CDs exhibited intense green fluorescence at 460 nm with excitation‐independent properties and a high quantum yield of 40.23%. This nanozyme mimics peroxidase by catalyzing the oxidation of tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H2O2 to yield a blue‐coloured TMBox product at 652 nm. Dual detection methods were established for determining levodopa (l‐dopa) by taking advantage of the high nanozyme activity and the distinct fluorescence aspect. Both determination methods are based on the oxidation of l‐dopa by H2O2 in the presence of Fe‐CDs and fading of the blue colour of the TMBox. The colorimetric method monitors the amount of colour fading of TMBox. In the fluorometric method, the formed blue TMBox absorbs the emission light of the Fe‐CDs; when l‐dopa is present, this effect decreases and the intensity of the emission light increases. The nanozyme‐based detection procedures exhibit good linearity in the ranges 2.17 × 10−3 to 34.78 × 10−3 mM [limit of detection (LOD) = 0.84 × 10−3 mM] and 0.85 × 103 to 16.95 × 103 nM (LOD = 0.102 × 103 nM) for colorimetric and fluorometric methods, respectively.