bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liberal Democracy vs Conservative Populism
Authors: Rutkevich Alexey M.
Published: December 2020

The origins of democracy date back to the Ancient World, and parliamentarism appeared in the Middle Ages. Their fusion to create representative democracy took nearly two centuries with this evolution process resulting in the appearance of present-day liberal democracy, where the latest form of liberalism have little to do with the laissez faire liberalism of the 19-th century or the Keynesian neo-liberalism of the 20-th. It serves the interests of financial oligarchy and imposes its rules upon the whole world. The former right- and left-wing parties are now merged into the same ruling elite. Nor did the former conservatism stand the test of time, resorting to alliance with neo-conservatism. Various opponents of this elite in the West today are called «populists». The most colorful example of this «populism» of the last decade is the movement of «yellow jackets» in France. Its participants unite socialist and anarchist slogans with the conservative ones and demand the «direct democracy». In Russia we have our own tradition of such unity, beginning with the early Slavophils, and supported by A.I. Solzhenitsyn as «democracy from below».
«Russian Party» Ideology of the 1960-ies: Ideological Sources of Russian Philosophy
Authors: Tsipko Alexander S.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the so-called Russian party phenomenon – the association of intellectuals that appeared in the late 1960-ues among literators and historians who had the goal of Soviet power Russification and rallied round «Molodaya Guardia» magazine. The author of the article, - who was direct witness and participant in the discussions and events of that period, - analyzes the philosophy of the main worldview and ideological concepts of the «Russian Party» deducing it from Russian philosophic thought of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century.
A Multi-Institutional Study of Factors Influencing Faculty Satisfaction with Online Teaching and Learning
Authors: Blundell Gregory Edgar , Castañeda Daniel A. , Lee Junghyae
Published: December 2020

Faculty satisfaction is an essential component in an online teaching and learning environment. The researchers of the current quantitative study identified factors that influence online instructors’ satisfaction at 10 different four-year public and private higher education institutions in the state of Ohio. The researchers also validated the modified OFSS-R survey (Blundell, 2015) within the study. The participants (N = 382), were faculty members who taught fully online at the 10 institutions. Results of the study revealed that instructor satisfaction was influenced by three main factors: (1) the instructor-student interaction; (2) the role of technology; and (3) the institutional support. Study results also revealed that the OFSS-R survey is valid and reliable measurement of perceived faculty satisfaction in a fully online environment.
Evaluating Online Course Quality: A Study on Implementation of Course Quality Standards
Authors: Zimmerman Whitney , Altman Barbara , Simunich Bethany , Shattuck Kay , Burch Barbra
Published: December 2020

This study examined the relationship of intentional faculty professional development, intentional online course design, and informal course reviews to the results of official interinstitutional peer review within higher education institutions. Quality MattersTM (QM) provided the setting for this exploration of the relationship of three independent variables at the course level at institutions that have voluntarily implemented QM online learning quality assurance tools and processes. Data for this study were extracted from a larger statistical project conducted regularly by QM, which included the results of 5,436 online course reviews completed between September 2014 and May 2020 at 360 institutions. These courses were assessed for meeting quality standards in structured, interinstitutional, reviews, conducted by three faculty peer reviewers. QM provided the setting and data for this study; however, the study was not about QM. Instead, it was about exploring the relationships of variables within an institution’s control in the quest for benchmarking and improving online learning. Having and disseminating online course quality standards does not ensure implementation of those standards and quality assurance processes. This observational study provides a better understanding of how the implementation of those standards and quality assurance processes might impact outcomes.
Introduction to Section II
Authors: Shea Peter
Published: December 2020

Introduction to Section II of OLJ 24(4)
Deflection of a beam with a transverse crack under dead load
Authors: POP Marius-Vasile , PRAISACH Zeno-Iosif , GILLICH Gilbert-Rainer , PĂUN Lucian
Published: December 2020

This paper proposes an analytic relation for the deflection of a cantilever beam with a transverse crack subjected to dead load. The mathematical relation is deduced involving the decreased capacity of the beam to store energy, which is in direct relation with the crack position and depth. Eventually, the validity of the relation is proved by means of the finite element method.
Conjugalidade e infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana
Authors: Geronasso Martha Caroline Henning , Pacheco Ivonete Emmerich , Mazon Luciana Maria
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: Este artigo analisa as mudanças conjugais ocorridas após diagnóstico de infecção pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV). Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza básica com abordagem qualitativa. Foram entrevistadas nove pessoas soropositivas que participam de um Grupo de Apoio para portadores de HIV em um município de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os dados foram analisados segundo os pressupostos da análise de conteúdo temático-categorial. Resultados: Identificou-se diversidade de manifestações e alterações nos relacionamentos conjugais após o diagnóstico. Alguns entrevistados informaram que deixarem de ter relação sexual ou apresentaram uma diminuição da atividade sexual. Relataram também o medo de contaminar outras pessoas. Conclusão: Apesar de sentimentos negativos como ciúme, mágoa, revolta, raiva, decepção, distanciamento permearam os relatos, o apoio do cônjuge quanto à realização do tratamento não deixou de existir.
Palavras-chave: HIV. Sistema de Apoio Psicossocial. Relações de casais
Management accounting and analysis as tools to improve the investment efficiency in Russia
Authors: Masterov A.I.
Published: December 2020

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the development and implementation of investment projects in the face of difficulties in attracting investment in the development of sectors of the Russian economy, as well as problems related to strategic and tactical management.
Objectives. The article aims to analyze problems related to the practical implementation of investment projects in Russia and identify their causes. The article also aims to identify ways to address the lack of the methodology of management decision-making and justification.
Methods. For the study, I used the methods of statistical and systems analyses, and induction and deduction.
Results. The article substantiates the need for management accounting and analysis approaches to improve the efficiency of investment projects in the Russian practice. It proposes legislative, methodological and institutional measures to put appropriate approaches into investment management in practice.
Conclusions. Under the current circumstances, a management accounting and analysis methodology is required to address the challenges of improving the validity of investment projects and management decisions. The results of the study can be used in the development of legislative, organizational and methodological measures in the search and justification of options to improve the efficiency of investment management in the Russian practice.
Non-financial reporting of enterprises in the USSR: Relevance to the modern economy
Authors: Solovei T.N. , Ivanova D.S.
Published: December 2020

Subject. Currently, the Russian economy sees the institution of non-financial reporting emerging. What it means is ambiguous. On the one hand, the country adopts the concept of public non-financial reporting and the Federal Law On Public Non-Financial Reporting is being drafted. On the other hand, experts complain about the quality and comparability of such reports. Public non-financial reporting constitutes a set of data and indicators on purposes, approaches and results of corporate performance concerning all material issues of social responsibility and sustainable development.
Objectives. We determine whether the USSR methodology for setting social indicators is applicable to modern Russia. We also describe the impact of the inertia of the Soviet period in the current circumstances, compare social indicators the Soviet enterprises released after WWII with the international non-financial reporting standards, in order to understand whether they are still relevant.
Methods. We investigated the way the Soviet enterprises formed and disclosed their social indicators. The article also presents the comparative analysis of the said indicators with those of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), key indicators of the Russian Union of Industrialist and Entrepreneurs and the list of key indicators proposed by the Russian Ministry of Economic Development as part of the Public Non-Financial Reporting Concept for the Russian Federation.
Results. The article provides the rationale for the Soviet methodology for setting social indicators to be used in Russia today.
Conclusions. The list of relevant key indicators of non-financial reporting (as drafted by the Russian Ministry of Economic Development in 2019) is mainly comparable to those disclosed by the Soviet enterprises. The international non-financial reporting standards mostly provide for qualitative and descriptive metrics. Quantitative indicators are more comparable, verifiable and generalizable, which is important for such a stakeholder as the State.
Role of the Millennial Generation in Conserving Mangrove and Cultural Heritage in Sanrobone, South Sulawesi
Authors: Ambo-Rappe Rohani , Gatta Ratnawati , Mappangara Suriadi , Ukkas Marzuki , Faizal Ahmad
Published: December 2020

Sanrobone is a coastal village with tourism potential, including cultural heritage sites and mangrove forests. However, most of the forests have been converted into fish ponds and seaweeds, resulting in abrasion that erodes the village and damages several historical sites in the area. The program aims to empower millennial generation in preserving the cultural reserves and mangrove forests, which in turn can become a community income sector. The millennial generation of Sanrobone is participating in repairing the Sanrobone Fort (Benteng), the Sanrobone King’s Graves, and the mangrove forests through the development of cultural and mangrove-based tourism. This outreach activity employed an active participatory method, namely: (1) Socialisation of the Culture and Mangrove Tourism concept to the community and local government; (2) Training in mangrove planting and management; (3) a comparative study trip to developed cultural tourism and mangrove-based tourism areas. The results showed the millennial awareness of the tourism potential of the region is getting higher, and they can already see various opportunities to manage these tourism potentials as a source of income. What needs to be done next is to improve the skills of the millennial generation in the promotion of regional tourism through digital marketing, which is needed for effective sustainable tourism development in the industrial era 4.0.
DrugPred_RNA – Structure-Based Druggability Predictions for RNA Binding Sites
Authors: Rekand Illimar Hugo , Brenk Ruth
Published: December 2020

RNA is an emerging target for drug discovery. However, like for proteins, not all RNA binding sites are equally suited to be addressed with conventional drug-like ligands. To this end, we have developed the structure-based druggability predicator DrugPred_RNA to identify druggable RNA binding sites. Due to the paucity of annotated RNA binding sites, the predictor was trained on protein pockets, albeit using only descriptors that can be calculated for both, RNA and protein binding sites. DrugPred_RNA performed well in discriminating druggable from less druggable binding sites for the protein set and delivered sensible predictions for selected RNA binding sites. Further, the majority of drug-like ligands contained in a data set of RNA-containing pockets were found in pockets predicted to be druggable, further adding confidence to the performance of DrugPred_RNA. The method is robust against conformational changes in the binding site and can contribute to direct drug discovery efforts for RNA targets
WAJAH PASAR TERAPUNG SEBAGAI IKON WISATA BANJARMASIN, KALIMANTAN SELATAN DALAM SASTRA: KAJIAN SASTRA PARIWISATA
Authors: Riana Derri Ris
Published: December 2020

The tourism of floating market in literature can be studied by using literary tourism. The link between literature and tourism can be seen from literature also promotes tourist attraction. On the other hand, literature is also inspired by tourist activities. This research examines the attractiveness of floating markets and the efforts to maintain the existence of floating markets in the midst of modernization in literary works. This study aims to describe the attractiveness of floating markets and efforts to maintain the existence of floating markets in the midst of modernization in literary works. Descriptive method is used by using literary tourism approach, especially thematic study of literary tourism. The documentation technique is  used to collect data, such as  "Galuh Pasar Terapung", "Kidung Pasar Terapung", "Cahaya Borneo", "Pasar Terapung", and "Pasar Terapung". The results showed that the attractiveness of the floating market in literary themes were the attractions, access, amenities, and ancillary. Attractions are shown through jukung and kelotok transportation; a tradisional Banjar hat, tanggui and head cover, tengguluk; buying and selling transaction system; cake hook tool; and commodity that are depicted through the characters. Access to the floating market is fulfilled by the availability of rental kelotok for the character as tourists. Amenity in floating market is the avaibility of mosque near the pier which makes it easier for the character as tourists to carry out worship. Meanwhile, ancillary is the availability of tour guides. Various efforts to maintain the existence of floating markets in the midst of modernization can be seen in literary tourism themes include regenerating the successors of the floating market; conducting tourism promotion, either through print or television media; and do creativity so that the attraction of the floating market is increasingly in demand by tourists.
Applied Exponential Smoothing Holt-Winter Method for Predict Rainfall in Mataram City
Authors: Pertiwi Dewi Darma
Published: December 2020

Weather conditions in the city of Mataram tend to be erratic and difficult to predict, such as the condition of rainfall data in 2018 which changes over a certain period of time so that the weather is difficult to predict accurately. In this study, we propose the Exponential Smoothing Holt-Winter method to forecast rainfall in the city of Mataram, so that it can be a decision support for various interested sectors. This method has been tested using secondary data from the Mataram City Central Bureau of Statistics for the period January 2014 to 2018 and evaluated using Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The results of this study indicate that using the Exponential Smoothing Holt-Winter method yields better results, each of which is MAPE 142.3, MAD 95.6 and MSD value 24988.7 and the data smoothing value is obtained for the smallest combination value of α 0.2, β 0.1, and γ 0.1. It can be concluded that the proposed method can provide better information and can be used to predict rainfall in Mataram City for the next 12 periods.
ASPECTIVE AND LEXICO-SEMANTIC CLASSIFICATION OF VERBS
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Davlatova Mukhayyo
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the problem of and emotional and causal units of the English and Uzbek languages. It justifies that the semantic meaning is based on the causative feature of the verb plays.Despite the fact that extensive research has been carried out to determine the semanticsof a verb, it remains relevant to study its essence and integrate it into a specific template and implement the classification. In the classification of verb semantics, the category of action is important because it is a universal phenomenon that is common to all languages
MILITARY TERMS IN THE WORK OF«BABURNAME»
Authors:   Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Kurganov Anvar
Published: December 2020

Today, military terms can be found not only in literature, documents and codes or dictionaries, but in copies of scientific, historical and artistic works written by our ancestors in foreign languages, especially in English as well. The encyclopedic work of Zakhiriddin Muhammad Babur “Baburname”, which at one time was considered a real chronicle and still has not lost its scientific and literary value and was translated into English. Including John Leydne (1826), F.G. Talbot (1909), William Erskine, Annette Suzanne Bevridge (1921) were among them. The article compares the military terms used in the English translation by BaburnameWheeler Thaxton and Salman Rudzhi with those in the original language.
POETIC AND ARTISTIC INTERPRETATION OF THE STORY IN THE TETRALOGY
Authors:   The Karshi branch of TUIT of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Yaxshiyeva Zebo
Published: December 2020

In this article, the talented writer Muhammad Ali describes the psychological traits in the first part of the tetralogy "the Great reign" in the book Jahongir Mirzo. It explores the chronology of news, the principles of artistic conflict and the psychological picture, as well as how researchers from all over the world and Uzbekistan react. The wonderful pain and sadness surrounding the soul of the wonderful Jahongir Mirzo give a beautiful illustration of his great and infinite love.
INFO SHOWS ON PRIVATE TV CHANNELS AND THEIR MAIN FEATURES
Authors:   Uzbek State University of World Languages, Karimov Amrullo
Published: December 2020

Today, new and modern television projects are emerging in television practice. Terms such as intertainment, infotainment, polythenment are widely used in the field. Traditional television genres underwent extraordinary changes, and mixed-type genres emerged. Talk shows covering the most important socio-political, economic, cultural and educational topics of the time, shows with entertaining content, reality shows based on real events became popular. New methods have also emerged in the development of information programs
CHARACTERIZATION OF RELIGIOUS STYLE AS A FUNCTIONAL STYLE IN LINGUISTICS
Authors:   Uzbekistan state world languages university, Kushakova Barnokhon
Published: December 2020

This article discusses the conditions, reasons and factors of characterization of religious style as a functional style in the field of linguistics. In addition, religious style and its main peculiarities, its importance in the social life, and the functional features of religious style are highlighted in the article. As a result of our investigation, the following results were obtained: a) the increase in the need for the creation and significance of religious language, particularly religious texts has been scientifically proved; b) the possibility of religious texts to represent the thoughts of the people, culture and world outlook has been verified; c) the specificity of religious language, religious texts has been revealed; d) the development of religious style as a functional style has been grounded.
CONVERSION IN ADJECTIVES OF MODERN CHINESE LANGUAGE
Authors:   Tashkent State Institute of Oriental Studies of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Hashimova Sabohat
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the paradigm of the formation of lexical units with the help of conversion, the basis of which are words related to adjectives in modern Chinese. Conversion in linguistics is a type of transposition. If the transposition is associated with a change in the lexical-morphological environment and, as a result, the paradigm of the inflection, previously not inherent in the lexical unit, arises, and other syntactic signs also appear, then this kind of transposition is usually called morphological transposition, that is, often referred to as conversion.
FUNDAMENTAL NATURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF LABOR MIGRATION
Authors:   World economy and diplomacy University of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Chulliev Tulkin
Published: December 2020

The article explains the fundamental nature of migration by combining the definitions given by other scholars. The issue of labor migration is analyzed. One of the most important problems in contemporary migration processes - the problem of classification- is researched and a general classification is provided
Strength produced parts by fused deposition modeling
Authors: Juraj Beniak  , Miloš Matúš  , Ľubomír Šooš  , Peter Križan
Published: December 2020

The aim of using additive manufacturing technologies is to be able to produce a wide range of component designs on a single device, using a wide range of materials and minimizing material consumption. There are several technologies that work on different principles. The present article is focused on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology, which is focused on the application of layers of semi-molten polymer. The advantage is the lower cost for obtaining of FDM device, but also the low operation cost. The output of production are complex components designed for prototyping, but also for final use. Due to the fact that there is requirement to produce parts also for final use, it is necessary to know the strength properties of the parts after production. Because the structure of parts volume is not homogeneous, it is not possible to subject it to conventional calculations and simulations, but it is necessary to take into account the specifics that are produced during production by FDM technology. The present paper shows the results of experimental determination of the tensile strength of manufactured parts. A series of samples with different properties was used on the FDM device and the tensile strength of the components was subsequently measured. The measured values ​​were compared and evaluated.
PELATIHAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DAN INOVASI OLAHAN KERUPUK SEBAGAI PENGGERAK EKONOMI DALAM MENGHADAPI TANTANGAN GLOBAL STUDI KASUS DESA BANJARMADU, KECAMATAN KARANGGENENG, KABUPATEN LAMONGAN
Authors: Anugrah Indra Gita , Sukaris Sukaris , Fauziyah Nur , Rahim Andi Rahmad
Published: December 2020

Kegiatan seminar kewirausahaan diadakan dengan tujuan memberikan wawasan dan motivasi akan pentingnya berwirausaha sejak dini. Dengan diadakannya seminar kewirausahaan diharapkan para generasi milenial dapat berperilaku produktif. Selain itu, diadakan kegiatan sosialisasi pembuatan kerupuk yang bertujuan untuk menciptakan inovasi olahan kerupuk. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan mulai tanggal 22 Juli dan selesai pada tanggal 30 Agustus 2019. Minimnya pemberdayaan sumber daya manusia yang ada di Desa Banjarmadu menjadi dasar dan landasan bagi kami untuk melaksanakan kegiatan tersebut. Sehubungan dengan itu, kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk membuka wawasan para generasi milenial dan masyarakat sekitar tentang berwirausaha, khususnya pada era saat ini. Dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan ini kami menggunakan metode observasi lingkungan sekitar desa dan melakukan wawancara dengan perangkat desa beserta warga sekitar. Hasil dari observasi dan wawancara kemudian diimplementasikan dalam bentuk seminar dan sosialisasi. Kegiatan yang kami praktikkan adalah cara pengolahan nasi menjadi kerupuk. Hasilnya adalah UKM kerupuk memiliki inovasi olahan kerupuk, yang awalnya hanya memproduksi kerupuk bawang kini juga memproduksi kerupuk gendar. Dengan adanya inovasi olahan kerupuk, UKM kerupuk memiliki peluang untuk meningkatkan pendapatan kemudian mendayagunakan peluang  usaha untuk menciptakan peluang kerja baru.
Winter Crop Growth Monitoring using Multi-Temporal NDVI Profiles in Kapadvanj Taluka, Gujarat State
Authors: Mehta Disha , Shukla Shital H. , Kalubarme Manik H.
Published: December 2020

In the present study on winter crop growth monitoring in different villages in Kapadvanj Taluka of Kheda district was carried out using multi-temporal Sentinel-2 multi-spectral data (spatial resolution 10-m). Multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data covering study area for the winter crop period from November-2018 to March-2019 was downloaded from https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/. The major objective of this study was to monitor site-specific crop growth in different villages of Kapadvanj Taluka by generating Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) profiles of major winter crops. The spectral behavior of wheat, potato, bajara and castor crops during active growth stages was studied and it was observed that the spectral response of wheat and potato crops have quite distinct spectral behavior. However, castor and bajara crops do not show distinct spectral behavior. In this study, from the NDVI profiles of different crops it was observed that very distinct growth stages like early growth stage to flag leaf emergence which correspondence to rising of NDVI, followed by flag leaf emergence to flowering and grain filling stages which corresponds to maximum NDVI and finally physiological maturity stages corresponding to declining of NDVI of all the winter crops.
Soil Moisture Estimation using Sentinel-1 SAR Data and Land Surface Temperature in Panchmahal District, Gujarat State
Authors: Sutariya Sachin , Hirapara Ankur , Meherbanali Momin , Tiwari M.k. , Sıngh Vijay , Kalubarme Manik
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the potential for soil moisture (SM) retrieval using Sentinel-1 C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data acquired in Interferometric Wide Swath (IW) mode along with Land Surface Temperature (LST) estimated from analysis of LANDSAT-8 digital thermal data. In this study Sentinel-1 data acquired on 27 February 2020 was downloaded from Copernicus website and LANDSAT-8 OLI data acquired on 24 February 2020 from the website https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/.The soil samples were collected from 70 test fields in different villages of three talukas for estimating soil moisture content using the gravimetric method. The Sentinel-1 SAR microwave data was analysed using open source tools of Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP) software for estimation of backscattering coefficient. Land surface temperature estimated using Landsat-8 thermal data. The Landsat-8, Thermal infrared sensor Band-10 data and operational land imager Band-4 and Band-5 data were used in estimating LST. The Soil Moisture Index (SMI) for all field test sites was computed using the LST values.

The regression analysis using σ0VV and σ0VH polarization with soil moisture indicated that σ0VV polarization was more sensitive to soil moisture content as compared to σ0VH polarization. The multiple regression analysis using field measured soil moisture (MS %) as dependent variable, and σ0VV and SMI as independent variable was carried which resulted in the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.788, 0.777 and 0.778 for Godhra, Goghamba and Kalol talukas, respectively. These linear regression equations were used to compute the predicted soil moisture in three talukas. The maps of spatial distribution of soil moisture in three talukas were generated using the respective regression equations of three talukas.
Archaeology, Physics and Chemistry: Thoughts About a Technique Applied by Mediterranean Sponge Divers Throughout the Ages
Authors: Erdan Emre , Ersan Fatih , Güçlü Kubilay
Published: December 2020

One of the most difficult professions in history, sponge diving/fishing was widely practiced in the Mediterranean World in 19th and 20th century by Turkish, Greek, Italian and North African divers. Natural sea sponges are the main materials of the profession which extends from here to the North America in mid-20th century. Our earliest data indicate that the sponge, which is well known by many ancient texts used in ancient times, especially in cleaning, medicine, carpentry, mining, chemical industry, and military equipment, was provided by mankind to 4500 BC. The ancient texts are rich in terms of information about the usage of sponges as well as information about sponge-divers. There is a consistent similarity between the centers of the Modern Age and the centers in these ancient texts which convey information about how and where the profession is practiced. The main reason for this situation should be related to the distribution map of the valuable sponge species that human beings can use in their daily life in the Mediterranean World. The information conveyed by the modern age sponge-divers and their families show that these people wandered the Mediterranean along the sponge resources. It shows that these sponge-divers are not only interested in sponges but also supply valuable textile products especially from the Eastern Mediterranean ports and market them in their countries. In this respect, the contribution of the sponge-divers -who can be defined not only as a professional group but also as a merchant- to the acculturation process of the Mediterranean has not been realized except for a few studies. The absolute, compulsory, and continuous supply of sponges needed by the common toilets and bathrooms that serve millions of people, especially in the Greek-Roman Periods, is the most important proof that sponge diving/fishing was an important profession. When we examine the sponge fishing history from the ancient times to the Ottoman Period and almost today for some amateur sponge divers, there is an invariant technique for the sponge divers. When the sponge divers reached to the bottom of the sea, they spout the olive oil from their mouth. According to Oppian and Evliya Çelebi, the sponge divers use this method for the similar purpose, however the explanations of Oppian and Çelebi are too different from each other’s. In this study, by considering physical and chemical laws, we analysis these two different examination for the oil-expuition. We determined that the people who lived in ancient ages realized the refraction of waves, and Snell’s law before the mathematical equations found.
SPONTANEOUS PRECIPITATION OF CAFFEINE FROM ROASTED COFFEE BEANS SUPERCRITICAL EXTRACTS
Authors:   Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prokopchuk Denis , Kostenko Mikhail ,   Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemical Department, Pokrovskiy Oleg ,   Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

An unexpected effect of spontaneous caffeine precipitation from roasted coffee extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction was discovered. The effect is observed for various sorts of coffee when extraction pressure is roughly above 40 MPa. Simple centrifugation of such extracts allows obtaining two valuable products,decaffeinated roasted coffee oil and caffeine, which can be used as functional ingredients in food and cosmetics.
Desarrollo de un software para mapeo de variabilidad espacial en agricultura y ambiente
Authors: Paccioretti Pablo , Córdoba Mariano , Balzarini Mónica
Published: December 2020

Diverse agronomic and environmental data are collected with geographical position systems enabling the construction of maps that describe the variation of the studied properties over the space. Uni and multivariate spatial variability has been used to understand observation variation within crop fields and between sites in a large territory, allowing the delimitation of homogeneous areas at different scales. The use of spatial statistics methods, both regionally and on a small scale, demands specialized software programs. FastMapping is an interactive web application developed to process spatial data. It allows users to preprocess georeferenced data (clean, standardize and re-scale), it facilitates spatial interpolation and the generation of spatial variability maps quasi-automatically. This work compares the multivariate zoning of agricultural fields according to soil properties produced by FastMapping and that obtained from commercial software used for precision agriculture. FastMapping allows to import, clean, analyze and visualize spatial data, in a single environment, provide an easy-to-use framework for the effective implementation of spatial statistics methods.
Dinámica a mediano plazo de la revegetación natural de comunidades forestales del centro de Córdoba (Argentina)
Authors: Karlin Marcos Sebastián , Cora A. , Bernasconi Salazar J. R. , Arnulphi S.
Published: December 2020

To evaluate the natural revegetation as a restoration strategy, the dynamics, structure and regeneration of the plant communities should be understood. The objective of this work is to analyze the changes in the forest structure of the plant communities in the center of Córdoba, its dynamics, and regeneration along a time lapse of six years, evaluating the effect of cattle and precipitations. In 16 sites located in the Natural Reserve of the Defensa La Calera the woody species and their regeneration were surveyed (2013, 2016, 2019) in four different plant communities. Cattle was excluded from seven sites and it was present in low loads in the other nine (~12 ha EV-1). The local standardized precipitation indexes were calculated. The cattle exclusion did not lead to higher regeneration. In the communities a positive evolution towards maturity was observed, with the most dynamic communities being those of Sebastiania. In the deforested areas, Geoffroea decorticans and Schinus fasciculatus present an important survival rate and growth speed. In Vachellia and Schinopsis communities the regeneration follows the precipitation dynamics. According to the results, passive revegetation is an important recovery strategy in natural and semi-natural environments of the center of Córdoba.
On the morphology and taxonomy of Hannaea arcus (Bacillariophyta)
Authors: Genkal S. I. , Kharitonov V. G.
Published: December 2020

This electron microscopy study of the materials from ultraoligotrophic lake Elgygytgyn (Chukotka) revealed variability of morphological features in Hannaea arcus var. arcus and H. arcus var. recta. An emended diagnosis for H. arcus var. arcus is presented, and a new combination in specific rank is published: H. inaequidentata (Lagerstedt) Genkal et Kharitonov (= H. arcus var. recta).
A Semeiotic Interpretation of a Proposition of Race: Determining the "Perching and Flights" of the Perceptions of Race Series
Authors: Crayton, Ph.D. Troy Arnel
Published: December 2020

The
fallacy of race as a product of the categorization of the cognitive systems of human
beings is well documented (Feagin & Ducey, 2019; Higginbotham, 2013;
Hirschfeld, 1938; Miles & Brown, 2003).
Recently, the calls to dismantle racism is reaching crescendo catalyzed
by the movement ignited by the murder of George Floyd. In fact, a Google search of
“dismantling racism” produces 13,600,000 results (June 7, 2020). But what are the criteria, or system of ideas,
to determine if racism is, or is not, ‘dismantled’? Are we aware and in agreement as to “what”
racism is individually, let alone collectively?
And when we know, will we then know “how” to dismantle it individually
and collectively?

Toward
establishing and developing a mechanism for addressing questions of this nature,
the semeiotic theory of Charles Sanders Peirce (Houser
& Kloesel, 1992; Houser & colleaugues, 1998) and an explanation for
the thinking process argued by John Dewey (1991), this developing hypothesis
for this work is to provide guidance for answering these questions by first
establishing a method aimed at discovering the reasoning criteria that
determine meaning of ‘racism’ for each of us.
These logicians, and others including Burke and Stets (2009) and Ryan
and Deci (2017), for example, make it clear that the reasoning process,
including how one perceives, interprets, and reasons, sheds some light on the influencing
criteria of these phenomena. So, what
happens cognitively as a person makes meaning of entities, phenomenon, and
events through the reasoning process including subprocesses of perceiving and interpreting
associations to race.
‘SleepCycles’ package for R - A free software tool for the detection of sleep cycles from sleep staging
Authors: Blume Christine , Cajochen Christian
Published: December 2020

The detection of (NREM-REM) sleep cycles in human sleep data (i.e., polysomnographically assessed sleep stages) enables fine-grained analyses of ultradian variations in sleep microstructure (e.g., sleep spindles, and arousals), or other amplitude- and frequency-specific electroencephalographic features during sleep. While many laboratories have software that is used internally, reproducibility requires the availability of open-source software. Therefore, we here introduce the ‘SleepCycles’ package for R, an open-source software package that identifies sleep cycles and their respective (non-) rapid eye movement ([N]REM) periods from sleep staging data. Additionally, each (N)REM period is subdivided into parts of equal duration (percentiles), which may be useful for further fine-grained analyses. The detection criteria used in the package are, with some adaptations, largely based on criteria originally proposed by Feinberg and Floyd (1979). The latest version of the package can be downloaded from the Comprehensive R Archives Network (CRAN).•The package ‘SleepCycles’ for R allows to identify sleep cycles and their respective NREM and REM from sleep staging results.•Besides the cycle detection, NREM and REM are also split into parts of equal duration (percentiles) thereby allowing for a better temporal resolution across the night and temporal alignment of sleep cycles with different durations among different night recordings.
Solutions of Kerr Black Holes subject to Naked Singularity and Wormholes
Authors: Bhattacharjee Deep
Published: December 2020

The existence of the “Naked Singularity" has been shown taking the advantage of the Ring Singularity of the Kerr Black Hole and thereby making the way to manipulate the mathematics by taking the larger root of Δ as zero and thereby vanishing the ergosphere and event horizon making the way for the naked ring singularity which can be easily connected via a cylindrical wormhole and as ‘a wormhole is a black hole without an event horizon’ therefore, this cylindrical connection paved the way for the Einstein-Rosen Bridge allowing particles or null rays to travel from one universe to another ending up in a future directed Cauchy horizon while changing constantly from spatial to temporal and again spatial paving the entrance to another Kerr Black hole (which would act as a white hole) in the other universes.
Regulatory Costs of Being Public: Evidence from Bunching Estimation
Authors: Ewens Michael , Xiao Kairong , Xu Ting
Published: December 2020

We quantify the costs of major disclosure and governance regulations by exploiting a regulatory quirk: many rules trigger when a firm's public float exceeds a threshold. Consistent with firms avoiding costly regulation, we document significant bunching around three major regulatory thresholds. Estimations reveal that three examined rules' compliance costs range from 1.2% to 1.8% of market capitalization for firms near thresholds. Depending on the extrapolation assumptions, total costs for a median US public firm vary from 2.1% to 6.3% of market capitalization (with 4.3% being our preferred estimate). Regulatory costs have a greater impact on private firms' IPO decisions than on public firms' going private decisions, but such costs only explain a small part of the decline in the number of public firms.
Uso do óleo vegetal de Pracaxi como silicone natural na haste capilar
Authors: Scaramella Laura Rodrigues , Amorim Letícia Macedo , Martin Maria Luisa Blanco , Garcia Albina de F. S. Ramalho
Published: December 2020

As indústrias cosméticas preocupam-se cada vez mais com questões do meio ambiente, visto que seus consumidores buscam produtos de origem natural, além de levarem em conta a sustentabilidade que as empresas oferecem ao planeta. Desta forma, observamos a substituição de ativos sintéticos por orgânicos, originados de plantas, ervas ou sementes, como é o caso do uso do óleo vegetal de Pracaxi, empregado em formulações cosméticas para cuidados e tratamentos capilares. Este, por sua vez, apresenta alta concentração de ácidos graxos, pois devido à sua lipofilicidade, liga-se à epicutícula, subcamada da cutícula presente na haste capilar, por interação hidrofóbica,  o que o torna um grande provedor de hidratação, auxiliando na retenção hídrica dos fios, além de ser fruto de uma árvore nativa do norte brasileiro, com elevados índices de replantio, e de empregabilidade para a população local. O estudo revisa a estrutura capilar, o óleo de Pracaxi, e sua ação no fio de cabelo. Ao todo, através de uma análise de mercado, encontrou-se 17 marcas disponíveis e um total de 71 produtos contendo o ativo incorporado em diversas bases cosméticas. Após levantamento bibliográfico observou-se que o óleo vegetal de Pracaxi é um excelente fixador de gás nitrogênio que gera a restauração de carbono, nitrogênio e ferro no ambiente, em contraposição aos silicones derivados dos siloxanos que, após biodegradação podem resultar em bioacumulação de gases na camada de ozônio. 

 

Palavras-Chaves: Pracaxi, silicone natural, meio ambiente.
Neuromonitoring in Cervical Spine Surgery: When Is a Signal Drop Clinically Significant?
Authors: Decruz Joshua , Kaliya-Perumal Arun-Kumar , Wong Kevin Ho-Yin , Kumar Dinesh Shree , Yang Eugene Weiren , Oh Jacob Yoong-Leong
Published: December 2020

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.Purpose: To identify the clinical significance of different patterns of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) signal alerts.Overview of Literature: IONM is a long-established valuable adjunct to complex spine surgeries. IONM for cervical spine surgery is in the form of somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP). The efficacy of both modalities (individually or in combination) to detect clinically significant neurological compromise is constantly being debated and requires conclusive suggestions.Methods: Clinical and neuromonitoring data of 207 consecutive adult patients who underwent cervical spine surgeries at multiple surgical centers using bimodal IONM were analyzed. Signal changes were divided into three groups. Group 0 had transient signal changes in either MEPs or SSEPs, group 1 had sustained unimodal changes, and group 2 had sustained changes in both MEPs and SSEPs. The incidences of true neurological deficits in each group were recorded.Results: A total of 25% (52/207) had IONM signal alerts. Out of these signal drops, 96% (50/52) were considered to be false positives. Groups 0 and 1 had no incidence of neurological deficits, while group 2 had a 29% (2/7) rate of true neurological deficits. The sensitivities of both MEP and SSEP were 100%. SSEP had a specificity of 96.6%, while MEP had a lower specificity at 76.6%. C5 palsy rate was 6%, and there was no correlation with IONM signal alerts (p=0.73).Conclusions: This study shows that we can better predict its clinical significance by dividing IONM signal drops into three groups. A sustained, bimodal (MEP and SSEP) signal drop had the highest risk of true neurological deficits and warrants a high level of caution. There were no clear risk factors for false-positive alerts but there was a trend toward patients with cervical myelopathy.
Usability Analyses on the Daily Evaluation System Application with Potential Gain Customer Value Method and Customer Satisfaction Index Method
Authors:   universitas udayana, Swamardika Ida Bagus Alit , Sudarma Made , Pramita Made Dinda Pradnya
Published: December 2020

The advantage use of information technology is not only limited to individuals, but also organizations, especially government organizations. In 2003 the Indonesian government issued Presidential Instruction No. 3/2003 concerning national policies and strategies for e-government development. Based on this, a usability analysis is performed on the Daily Evaluation System (DES) application with the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) method and the Potential Gain Customer Value (PGCV) method. The User Centered Design (UCD) is used as an indicator of the questionnaire and the results are analyzed using the CSI and PGCV methods. The results of CSI analysis of the satisfaction level showed the value of 70.95% for female respondents, while it is 70.84% for male respondents. The value of the level of satisfaction is equal to 67.42% for respondents aged 20-30 years, 72.07% for respondents aged 31-40 years, and 73.87% for respondents aged 41-60 years. The level of satisfaction for respondents in structural positions is 72.65% while for respondents in functional positions is 69.73%. Based on the ten UCD indicators, the highest percentage of satisfaction is the consistency indicator which is 77.82% and the lowest is the assistance and documentation indicator which is 63.00%. Based on the results of the PGCV analysis, it is showed that 11 attributes are needed to be the priority for improvement.
Warm Water Pool System Simulation: Design and Manufacture
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Widiantara Ida Bagus Gde , Suastawa I Wayan
Published: December 2020

Human development and national competitivenes is one of the flagship programs from The Indonesian Government. Bali as one of the best tourist destination in the world is required to have an international standard tourism infrastructure. A swimming pool in a tourism accomodation is a standard facility in a tourist infrastructure. There are several types of swimming pools i.e. public swimming pools and private pools. During its development and demand, private pools develop into swimming pools with additional facilities such as warm water, which is often called a jacuzzi. Another additional facility is added pressure to the water in completing massage, fragrance and foam. The swimming pool is one of facilitity designed to hold water to allow swimming or other recreational activities. Pools can be built in the ground or on the ground as a free construction or as a part of structure and also with a common feature or a free style design. In-ground pools are the most common pools made and constructed from materials such as concrete, natural stone, metal, plastic, or fiberglass. To support comfort and satisfaction when using the swimming pool, the adequate water level in the swimming pool will be maintained by system with several supporting devices such as pumps, dirt filters and maintained at a certain level. Other things that support water quality include temperature, water turbidity, color, odor, pH, chlorine content etc.
Preheat Temperature Analysis of Cutting Knife Coating Violence in the Hard Facing Process of Aisi A35 Carbon Steel
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Malang, Hardjito Agus , Mashudi Imam , Listiono Listiono , Takwim R.N. Akhsanu
Published: December 2020

The hard facing process is the welding process of SMAW by using a hard facing DIN 888 electrode as a hard facing to replace conventional cutting tool material. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the effect of preheating temperature on the welding of hard coatings on AISI A35 low carbon steel. The results of this study are expected to obtain optimum hardness on coated steel, from variations in the temperature of the preheating. there will be a change in the hardness of the welding deposit, the deposit will be used as cutting tools. The results of this study can be used as guidelines for making cutting tools.