THE PHENOMENON OF NONLINEAR THINKING IN SCIENCE
Authors: Hudyma І. ,   Mariupol State University
Published: February 2023

In the article, the author’s attention is focused on modern scientific interpretations of the phenomenon of non-determinism. The author also focused on generalizing the results of the study by scientists of nonlinear processes of self-organization of complex systems. The main objective of this article is to study the phenomenon of the so-called “non-linear thinking” in science. Of particular interest was the philosophical assessment of the very subject of this thinking. The author tried to reveal the essence in the interpretation of statistical laws. He also sought to prove that these patterns represent a more fundamental aspect of reality than dynamic laws. The choice of the topic of the article, the application of its theoretical and methodological approaches are determined by the very subject of thought and the nature of the tasks set. The following methods of cognition were used in the article: general philosophical, special general scientific theoretical methods. The author followed the principle of objectivity, applied causal analysis. So it turned out that many dynamical systems - physical, chemical, biological - fall under nonlinear dynamic equations. Here they are entirely predictable. However, they become unpredictable if they appear at the macro level. After all, individual systems are considered “normal” and function in accordance with deterministic laws only up to a certain time. This is the period between situations of bifurcation. Here their “behavior” can be fully predicted. However, in their own development, they can come to certain extreme changes. To further overcome them, two options for the state of quality appear. Each of them can happen first. This happens when the object passes through the so-called critical points. It is impossible to predict which variant will achieve ontological legitimation. For some time, the object experiences microfluctuations between the two physical alternatives. But with an increase in the value of the key parameter of one of the alternatives, further complication of the state occurs. This process is a sequential bifurcation, like the alternation of two existing states. It is characterized by periods of instability. In this case, it is impossible to predict the state of development of the object. Even more effective is the study of the phenomenon of non-determinism in relation to space-time models of the behavior of systems. By means of scientific research, it was reliably established that at the points of bifurcation of such an environment, successive microchanges reach large values. Their scale is sometimes compared to the system itself. Here the system changes due to fluctuations, up to the appearance of a new quality. In modern cosmological concepts, the results of the study of nonequilibrium systems are fully used. Mainly in the field of verification of the new hypothesis of cosmogenesis. Scientists hypothesize that the universe was in extremely nonequilibrium states in the first moments of Planck's time. If it were otherwise, then the Universe at the dawn of its own formation would be in a state of equilibrium. Then, according to the law of action of the masses, a quantitative equality of matter and antimatter would arise. Therefore, in opposition of matter and antimatter, equal amounts of them would annihilate each other. A deep understanding of the significance of the new style of scientific thinking is closely related to a radical revision of the idea of self-organization of matter in nature. This ability to change was previously studied only within the limits of macroscopic statistical equilibrium states. This is a new style of scientific thinking and the resulting new picture of the world. They are related to the study of nonlinear and unbalanced open systems. All this demonstrates a non-trivial understanding of matter itself and its ability to self-organize. Matter takes on new forms of existence. Their appearance is due to their own internal forces and the properties of matter itself. Here, worldview generalizations of such discoveries are important. After all, they allow you to more clearly see the world, which is self-organizing as a whole and at different levels of its existence. The generalized results of studying the topic give grounds for the following conclusion. The subject of the new style of scientific thinking is the nonlinear processes of selforganization of matter. This style of thinking, as well as the discoveries of non-linear natural science, make it possible to understand the nature of the surrounding world in a new way. Namely - the ability of a substance to self-organize as a whole and at various levels of its own being. This is due to the internal forces and properties of this world