bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spliceosomal helicases DDX41/SACY-1 and PRP22/MOG-5 both contribute to proofreading against proximal 3′ splice site usage
Authors: Osterhoudt Kenneth , Bagno Orazio , Katzman Sol , Zahler Alan M.
Published: January 2024

RNA helicases drive necessary rearrangements and ensure fidelity during the pre-mRNA splicing cycle. DEAD-box helicase DDX41 has been linked to human disease and has recently been shown to interact with DEAH-box helicase PRP22 in the spliceosomal C* complex, yet its function in splicing remains unknown. Depletion of DDX41 homolog SACY-1 from somatic cells has been previously shown to lead to changes in alternative 3′ splice site (3′ss) usage. Here, we show by transcriptomic analysis of published and novel data sets that SACY-1 perturbation causes a previously unreported pattern in alternative 3′ splicing in introns with pairs of 3′ splice sites ≤18 nt away from each other. We find that both SACY-1 depletion and the allelesacy-1(G533R)lead to a striking unidirectional increase in the usage of the proximal (upstream) 3′ss. We previously discovered a similar alternative splicing pattern between germline tissue and somatic tissue, in which there is a unidirectional increase in proximal 3′ss usage in the germline for ∼200 events; many of the somatic SACY-1 alternative 3′ splicing events overlap with these developmentally regulated events. We generated targeted mutant alleles of theCaenorhabditis eleganshomolog of PRP22,mog-5,in the region of MOG-5 that is predicted to interact with SACY-1 based on the human C* structure. These viable alleles, and a mimic of the myelodysplastic syndrome-associated allele DDX41(R525H), all promote the usage of proximal alternative adjacent 3′ splice sites. We show that PRP22/MOG-5 and DDX41/SACY-1 have overlapping roles in proofreading the 3′ss.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEED FOR FORMING A DIGITAL CULTURE FOR CADETS OF DEPARTMENTAL EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF THE MIA OF RUSSIA (RESULTS OF A PILOT STUDY)
Authors: Gagarina Polina
Published: January 2024

This scientific article is devoted to assessing the need to develop digital culture among cadets of departmental educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The article contains the results of a pilot study based on a survey of cadet units of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, the purpose of which was to identify the relevance of the formation of a digital culture, as well as the current state of cadets’ preparedness for future professional activities in a digital environment. The study involved cadets from the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikot, Ryazan branch of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya., Kikot, Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after I.D., Putilin. A total of 205 people were involved in the experimental work. The study was conducted between February 2023 and May 2023. The study was conducted using a modernized questionnaire developed by R. A. Shaukhalova. Conclusions are drawn about the presence of gaps in the educational process of the higher school of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and solutions are proposed. The results of the study emphasize the importance of introducing specialized educational programs aimed at developing a digital culture among cadets of departmental educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and offer recommendations for the effective development of such educational initiatives.
Rehabilitation care for pain in elderly knee replacement patients
Authors: Liu Li , Guan Qiao-Zhen , Wang Li-Fang
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is recognized as the most effective surgical intervention for relieving pain and improving joint mobility and deformity in patients with knee osteoarthritis and other synovial diseases. The application of accelerated postoperative rehabilitation (enhanced recovery after surgery) has demonstrated its efficacy in improving patient outcomes, and early postoperative joint function exercise has become a key prognostic factor in knee replacement. The unexpected appearance of limb pain and swelling hindered the patient’s tendency for early mobilization, leading in prolonged hospitalization, delayed functional recovery and negative psychological responses.

AIM

To investigate the impact of incorporating programmed pain nursing with collaborative nursing on elderly patients undergoing knee replacement surgery.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 116 patients who underwent TKA at our hospital between July 2019 and July 2021. The patients were divided into two groups: A control group (n = 58) receiving programmatic nursing, and an observed group (n = 58) receiving programmed nursing combined with a collaborative nursing model. A pain management team consisting of attending physicians, head nurses, and responsible nurses was established. Outcome measures included visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, activities of daily living (ADL) scale scores, and functional scores.

RESULTS

The ADL scores of patients in both groups exhibited a continuous increase. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the ADL scores between the two groups at 48 h and the 7th d post-surgery (P > 0.05). Upon reexamination at the 3rd mo, the observation group demonstrated higher ADL scores compared to the control group (67.48 ± 14.69 vs 59.40 ± 16.06, P < 0.05). The VAS scores of both groups significantly decreased, with no significant difference observed between the groups at each time point (P > 0.05). The functional status of patients in both groups exhibited a gradual increase prior to intervention and at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd month following discharge (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in knee joint function scores between the two groups at the 1st month after discharge (47.52 vs 45.81, P > 0.05). However, the knee joint function scores of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group at the 2nd (59.38 vs 53.19, P < 0.05) and 3rd month (71.92 vs 64.34, P < 0.05) following discharge.

CONCLUSION

The utilization of programmed pain nursing in conjunction with collaborative nursing for out-of-hospital care of TKA patients has demonstrated favorable outcomes, encompassing pain reduction, enhanced prognosis, and improved nursing quality for patients.
Time-resolved nonlinear optical spectroscopy of perovskites
Authors: Neupane C. P. , Sylvester J. , Singhapurage H. A. S. , Senarathna R. M. D. M. , Ganikhanov F.
Published: January 2024

Ultrafast decay of optical phonons has been studied in wide-bandgap BaSnO3 and SrTiO3 perovskites using nonlinear spectroscopy with 120 femtosecond time resolution. The coherent Raman mode excitations have been selected and traced with tunable optical pulses. Decay of symmetry forbidden modes of vibrations have been detected directly in time. Phonon decay rates for the main LO- and TO- phonon modes have been found to be within 1.36-1.78 ps-1 and are explained in terms of parametric phonon interactions and pure dephasing mechanisms in the materials that are of interest in microelectronic applications.
Unsupervised physics-informed deep learning-based reconstruction for time-resolved imaging by multiplexed ptychography
Authors: Wengrowicz Omri , Bronstein Alex , Cohen Oren
Published: January 2024

We explore numerically an unsupervised, physics-informed, deep learning-based reconstruction technique for time-resolved imaging by multiplexed ptychography. In our method, the untrained deep learning model replaces the iterative algorithm’s update step, yielding superior reconstructions of multiple dynamic object frames compared to conventional methodologies. More precisely, we demonstrate improvements in image quality and resolution, while reducing sensitivity to the number of recorded frames, the mutual orthogonality of different probe modes, overlap between neighboring probe beams and the cutoff frequency of the ptychographic microscope – properties that are generally of paramount importance for ptychographic reconstruction algorithms.
Wide heart-shaped mini-LEDs without a second lens as a large area, ultra-high luminance, and flat light source
Authors: Ye Zhi Ting , Hu Chia Chun , Zheng Yang Jun
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the demand for outdoor advertising and industrial display applications has been steadily increasing. Outdoor environments require higher brightness levels, thus requiring a reduction in the thermal resistance of the light source package. However, using secondary optical lenses to decrease the number of light sources is not a suitable solution because it may lead to the issue of lens detachment. Therefore, this paper proposes a packaging structure for wide heart-shaped angular light distribution mini-light emitting diodes (WHS mini-LEDs) with a primary optical design to enhance the light-emitting angle. The chips are directly bonded to an aluminum substrate using the metal eutectic process to minimize thermal resistance in the packaging. The experimental results indicated that the WHS mini-LED package had a total thermal resistance of 6.7 K/W. In a 55-inch backlight module (BLM), only 448 WHS mini-LEDs coupled with a quantum dot (QD) film and a brightness enhancement film (BEF) were required. Each lamp board was operated at 20.5 V and 5.5 A. The average luminance of the liquid crystal module (LCM) can reach 2234.2 cd/m2 with a uniformity of 90% and an NTSC value of 119.3%. This design offers a competitive advantage for outdoor advertising displays and industrial displays that require large areas, high brightness, and high color saturation.
Exploring the fundamental limits of integrated beam splitters with arbitrary phase via topology optimization
Authors: Nanda Abhishek , Kues Michael , Calà Lesina Antonio
Published: January 2024

Optical beam splitters are essential for classical and quantum photonic on-chip systems. In integrated optical technology, a beam splitter can be implemented as a beam coupler with two input and two output ports. The output phases are constrained by the conservation of energy. In lossless beam splitters, the phase shift between the output fields is π and zero for excitation from the first and second input ports, respectively. Therefore, for excitation from both inputs, the phase between the output fields, defined as beam splitter phase (BSP), is π. The BSP leads to several phenomena, such as the quantum interference between two photons, known as the Hong–Ou–Mandel effect. By introducing losses, BSP values different than π become theoretically possible, but the design of 2 × 2 beam couplers with an arbitrary phase is elusive in integrated optics. Inspired by the growing interest on fundamental limits in electromagnetics and inverse design, here we explore the theoretical limits of symmetrical integrated beam splitters with an arbitrary BSP via adjoint-based topology optimization. Optimized 2D designs accounting for fabrication constraints are obtained for several combinations of loss and phase within the theoretical design space. Interestingly, the algorithm does not converge for objectives outside of the theoretical limits. Designs of beam splitters with arbitrary phase may find use in integrated optics for quantum information processing.
Twenty-first-century demographic and social inequalities of heat-related deaths in Brazilian urban areas
Authors: Monteiro dos Santos Djacinto , Libonati Renata , Garcia Beatriz N. , Geirinhas João L. , Salvi Barbara Bresani , Lima e Silva Eliane , Rodrigues Julia A. , Peres Leonardo F. , Russo Ana , Gracie Renata , Gurgel Helen , Trigo Ricardo M.
Published: January 2024

Population exposure to heat waves (HWs) is increasing worldwide due to climate change, significantly affecting society, including public health. Despite its significant vulnerabilities and limited adaptation resources to rising temperatures, South America, particularly Brazil, lacks research on the health impacts of temperature extremes, especially on the role played by socioeconomic factors in the risk of heat-related illness. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the effects of HWs on mortality rates in the 14 most populous urban areas, comprising approximately 35% of the country’s population. Excess mortality during HWs was estimated through the observed-to-expected ratio (O/E) for total deaths during the events identified. Moreover, the interplay of intersectionality and vulnerability to heat considering demographics and socioeconomic heterogeneities, using gender, age, race, and educational level as proxies, as well as the leading causes of heat-related excess death, were assessed. A significant increase in the frequency was observed from the 1970s (0–3 HWs year-1) to the 2010s (3–11 HWs year-1), with higher tendencies in the northern, northeastern, and central-western regions. Over the 2000–2018 period, 48,075 (40,448–55,279) excessive deaths were attributed to the growing number of HWs (>20 times the number of landslides-related deaths for the same period). Nevertheless, our event-based surveillance analysis did not detect the HW-mortality nexus, reinforcing that extreme heat events are a neglected disaster in Brazil. Among the leading causes of death, diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems and neoplasms were the most frequent. Critical regional differences were observed, which can be linked to the sharp North-South inequalities in terms of socioeconomic and health indicators, such as life expectancy. Higher heat-related excess mortality was observed for low-educational level people, blacks and browns, older adults, and females. Such findings highlight that the strengthening of primary health care combined with reducing socioeconomic, racial, and gender inequalities represents a crucial step to reducing heat-related deaths.
Metagenomic analyses of 7000 to 5500 years old coprolites excavated from the Torihama shell-mound site in the Japanese archipelago
Authors: Nishimura Luca , Tanino Akio , Ajimoto Mayumi , Katsumura Takafumi , Ogawa Motoyuki , Koganebuchi Kae , Waku Daisuke , Kumagai Masahiko , Sugimoto Ryota , Nakaoka Hirofumi , Oota Hiroki , Inoue Ituro
Published: January 2024

Coprolites contain various kinds of ancient DNAs derived from gut micro-organisms, viruses, and foods, which can help to determine the gut environment of ancient peoples. Their genomic information should be helpful in elucidating the interaction between hosts and microbes for thousands of years, as well as characterizing the dietary behaviors of ancient people. We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing on four coprolites excavated from the Torihama shell-mound site in the Japanese archipelago. The coprolites were found in the layers of the Early Jomon period, corresponding stratigraphically to 7000 to 5500 years ago. After shotgun sequencing, we found that a significant number of reads showed homology with known gut microbe, viruses, and food genomes typically found in the feces of modern humans. We detected reads derived from several types of phages and their host bacteria simultaneously, suggesting the coexistence of viruses and their hosts. The food genomes provide biological evidence for the dietary behavior of the Jomon people, consistent with previous archaeological findings. These results indicate that ancient genomic analysis of coprolites is useful for understanding the gut environment and lifestyle of ancient peoples.
Study protocol: Local labour market programs–institutional structures, organizational forms and lived experiences
Authors: Olofsdotter Gunilla , Giritli Nygren Katarina , Bergström Gunilla , Bolin Malin , Klockmo Carolina , Nyhlén Sara , Sjöberg Ida , Tjulin Åsa
Published: January 2024

In this programme, we map and examine local labour market programmes (LLMPs) at the municipal level in Sweden. This includes their institutional structure and organisation, as well as the experiences of participants in the programmes, using a longitudinal approach with the aim to improve LLMPs. The long-term goal is to increasing the inclusion of LLMP participants in working life. To answer the programme’s questions, data will be collected and analysed within the four work packages. In each work package, a mixed-method approach is applied with a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The programme is informed by three overarching general theoretical approached, tying together institutional ethnography, intersectional studies of structural inequalities on different levels, and the role of emotions in everyday work. At the organisational level (WP 1), we will investigate the circumstances under which LLMPs are performed and negotiated by those involved. Here, the internal organisation, activities and methods are the focus. This approach will result in knowledge about the characteristics of these organisations and the factors promoting the inclusion of underrepresented groups in working life. By examining the activities in LLMPs (WP 2), we will be able to determine how their institutional structure differs between regions in Sweden, how the different municipalities work with labour market policy, how they translate national policy into the local context, how they organise their work and which initiatives they choose to adopt. By examining the individual experiences of those who are directly affected by such incentives (WP 3), knowledge and understanding will be obtained of the connections between experiences and labour market policies. This will give important insights into the functioning of local programmes and of the opportunities to create entry into the labour market. Furthermore, in WP4 we will develop and test an effect evaluation of work methods used in LLMPs and their effect on clients’ progress over time.
Task-based and Magnified Mirror Therapy for Unilateral Spatial Neglect among post-stroke subjects: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arya Kamal Narayan , Pandian Shanta , Pandey Divya , Agarwal G. G. , Chaudhary Neera
Published: January 2024

Background

Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is a commonly occurring neurocognitive disability after a stroke. The neglect may affect the motor recovery of the upper and lower limbs and functional performances. Mirror therapy, a simple and economical approach has the potential to reduce the USN and related impairments.

Aim

The primary objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of task-based and magnified mirror therapy on the USN and on the motor recovery of the post-stroke subjects. The secondary objective is to investigate the effectiveness of the intervention on the function and disability of the subjects.

Methods

In this randomized controlled, assessor-blinded trial, 86 post-stroke subjects will be recruited from the neuro-rehabilitation laboratory of a rehabilitation institute, located in northern India. The participants,aged20 to 80 years, with 1 to 36 months of stroke onset, hemiparesis, and the USN, will be considered eligible for the study. In addition to the conventional rehabilitation, the experimental group(n = 43) will receive 40 sessions (8 weeks) of Task-based and MAGnified Mirror Therapy for Unilateral Spatial Neglect (T-MAGUSN). The control group (n = 43) will undergo a dose-matched conventional program only. The participants will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention and 4-week follow-up using primary (Line Bisection Test, Letter Cancellation Test, and Fugl-Myer Assessment) and secondary (Catherine Bergego Scale, Berg Balance Scale, Functional Ambulation Classification, Modified Rankin Scale) outcome measures.

Discussion

This proposed study will lead to the development of a novel rehabilitation protocol for the management of USN, aiming to enhance motor and functional recovery. The investigation will consider both the upper and lower limbs for the intervention, reducing the impact of cognitive disability in stroke.

Trial registration

Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) as CTRI/2023/05/053184 (www.ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=74659).
The spike protein of the apathogenic Beaudette strain of avian coronavirus can elicit a protective immune response against a virulent M41 challenge
Authors: Keep Sarah , Stevenson-Leggett Phoebe , Webb Isobel , Fones Albert , Kirk James , Britton Paul , Bickerton Erica
Published: January 2024

The avian Gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes major economic losses in the poultry industry as the aetiological agent of infectious bronchitis, a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens. IBV causes major economic losses to poultry industries across the globe and is a concern for global food security. IBV vaccines are currently produced by serial passage, typically 80 to 100 times in chicken embryonated eggs (CEE) to achieve attenuation by unknown molecular mechanisms. Vaccines produced in this manner present a risk of reversion as often few consensus level changes are acquired. The process of serial passage is cumbersome, time consuming, solely dependent on the supply of CEE and does not allow for rapid vaccine development in response to newly emerging IBV strains. Both alternative rational attenuation and cell culture-based propagation methods would therefore be highly beneficial. The majority of IBV strains are however unable to be propagated in cell culture proving a significant barrier to the development of cell-based vaccines. In this study we demonstrate the incorporation of a heterologous Spike (S) gene derived from the apathogenic Beaudette strain of IBV into a pathogenic M41 genomic backbone generated a recombinant IBV denoted M41K-Beau(S) that exhibits Beaudette’s unique ability to replicate in Vero cells, a cell line licenced for vaccine production. The rIBV M41K-Beau(S) additionally exhibited an attenuated in vivo phenotype which was not the consequence of the presence of a large heterologous gene demonstrating that the Beaudette S not only offers a method for virus propagation in cell culture but also a mechanism for rational attenuation. Although historical research suggested that Beaudette, and by extension the Beaudette S protein was poorly immunogenic, vaccination of chickens with M41K-Beau(S) induced a complete cross protective immune response in terms of clinical disease and tracheal ciliary activity against challenge with a virulent IBV, M41-CK, belonging to the same serogroup as Beaudette. This implies that the amino acid sequence differences between the Beaudette and M41 S proteins have not distorted important protective epitopes. The Beaudette S protein therefore offers a significant avenue for vaccine development, with the advantage of a propagation platform less reliant on CEE.
Illegally blonde: Performing femininity in the mediated courtroom
Authors: Stracy Maegan
Published: January 2024

When facing criminal charges, female defendants face a difficult double bind; they are simultaneously judged for the crimes they have committed and for breaching socially defined boundaries of femininity. An unfair portrayal in the media may cause a crisis in any instance, but when the subject is facing criminal charges, the stakes are much higher. To appeal to the court of public opinion, female defendants must consider implicit gender biases by performing a type of femininity that is perceived as authentic and earnest yet appropriately moderated. These expectations are most evident in high-profile celebrity scandals as the defendant is measured against their public persona – even if that persona is entirely constructed. This article examines how dress affects the way female celebrity defendants are perceived in the courtroom and how attained fame and American mass media influence this perception as is evident in the cases of Alexis Neiers, Patty Hearst, Winona Ryder and Anna Delvey.
Decolonizing a museum: Exhibiting Mexican American mythologies of place in Los Angeles’s historic Plaza District
Authors: Valle Lucena Lau
Published: January 2024

This article examines how the disciplinary technologies of land use, zoning laws, immigration policy and urban renewal were utilized in the creation of LA Plaza de Cultura y Artes (LAPCA), Los Angeles’s first museum dedicated to Mexican American arts. I analyse the methods used by LAPCA’s founders, curators and city planners who have deployed the museum’s location adjoining the city’s historic Plaza to situate this institution within the symbolic and spatial jurisdiction of a historic place. In this case study, I begin with an exploration of the earliest foundations of ethnic tourism in Los Angeles’s historic Plaza district to situate LAPCA within a long history of governmental interventions used to create and reframe Los Angeles’s ethnic cultural spaces. I draw upon two theoretical strands – Foucauldian governmentality and Henri Lefebvre’s dialectic of urban implosion/explosion – as my primary tools of genealogical critique. In this article I provide new practical applications for using governmentality as a lens through which we can examine how the ensemble of administrative techniques and procedures used in the governance of populations shape the spaces they inhabit.
PREPARATION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SUPRAMOLECULAR COMPLEXES OF ECDYSTERONE
Authors: Meteleva Elizaveta Sergeevna , Polyakov Nikolay Eduardovich , Tuleuov Borash Iglikovich , Temirgaziyev Bakhtiyar Serikovich , Dushkin Alexander Valerievich , Adekenov Sergazy Mynzhasarovich
Published: January 2024

The supramolecular complexes of ecdysterone (20E), an active ingredient of many adaptogenic and anabolic drugs, with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-HP-β-CD) and disodium salt of glycyrrhizic acid (Na2GA) were prepared by mechanochemical method throw the formation of solid dispersion (SD) of components. These complexes have been studied, both in solutions and solid state by various physicochemical methods, 1H NMR spectroscopy, HPLC, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction analysis in comparison with the initial ecdysterone. It was found that the water solubility of 20E at 37 °C was increased by 3.0 and 2.7 times for 20E/2-HP-β-CD and 20E/Na2GA complexes, respectively. Also, the transmembrane permeability of E20 and its supramolecular complexes through artificial membranes has been evaluated by PAMPA assay. The results indicate the prospects of using 20E/2-HP-β-CD and 20E/Na2GA complexes for increasing absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, the advantages of green mechanochemical technology of inclusion complexes preparation have been demonstrated.
Anisotropic area-preserving nonlocal flow for closed convex plane curves
Authors: Zhao Tianyu , Yang Yunlong , Mao Yueyue , Fang Jianbo
Published: January 2024

We consider an anisotropic area-preserving nonlocal flow for closed convex plane curves, which is a generalization of the model introduced by Pan and Yang (J. Differential Equations 266 (2019), 3764–3786) when τ = 1. Under this flow, the evolving curve maintains its convexity and converges to a homothety of a smooth symmetric strictly convex plane curve in the C
∞ sense. The analysis of the asymptotic behavior of this flow implies the possibility of deforming one curve into another within the framework of Minkowski geometry.
Bach flow of simply connected nilmanifolds
Authors: Thompson Adam
Published: January 2024

The Bach flow is a fourth-order geometric flow defined on four-manifolds. For a compact manifold, it is the negative gradient flow for the L
2-norm of the Weyl curvature. In this paper, we study the Bach flow on four-dimensional simply connected nilmanifolds whose Lie algebra is indecomposable. We show that the Bach flow beginning at an arbitrary left invariant metric exists for all positive times and after rescaling converges in the pointed Cheeger–Gromov sense to an expanding Bach soliton which is non-gradient. Combining our results with previous results of Helliwell gives a complete description of the Bach flow on simply connected nilmanifolds.
Efficient P1-FEM for Any Space Dimension in Matlab
Authors: Beuter Stefanie , Funken Stefan A.
Published: January 2024

This paper deals with the efficient implementation of the finite element method with continuous piecewise linear functions (P1-FEM) in

R
d

\mathbb{R}^{d}

(

d
∈
N

d\in\mathbb{N}

).
Although at present there does not seem to be a very high practical demand for finite element methods that use higher-dimensional simplicial partitions, there are some advantages in studying the efficient implementation of the method independent of the dimension.
For instance, it provides additional insights into necessary data structures and the complexity of implementations.
Throughout, the focus is on an efficient realization using Matlab built-in functions and vectorization.
The fast and vectorized Matlab function can be easily implemented in many other vector languages and is provided in Julia, too.
The complete implementation of the adaptive FEM is given, including assembling stiffness matrix, building load vector, error estimation, and adaptive mesh-refinement.
Numerical experiments underline the efficiency of our freely available code which is observed to be of a slightly more than linear complexity with respect to the number of elements when memory limits are not exceeded.
Machine Learning Estimators: Implementation and Comparison in Python
Authors: Merle Fabian
Published: January 2024

We compare different machine learning estimators and present details about their implementation in Python.
The computational studies are conducted for classification as well as regression problems.
Moreover, as one of the founding problems of machine learning, we present the specific classification task of handwritten digit recognition.
In this connection, we discuss the mathematical formulation and of course the implementation details of this problem.
All corresponding Python code is fully provided on request and can be downloaded from the author’s GitHub page https://github.com/Fab1Fatal.
Toward automated hail disaster weather recognition based on spatio-temporal sequence of radar images
Authors: Wang Liuping , Chen Ziyi , Liu Jinping , Zhang Jin , Alkhateeb Abdulhameed F.
Published: January 2024

Hail, an intense convective catastrophic weather, is seriously hazardous to people’s lives and properties. This article proposes a multi-step cyclone hail weather recognition model, called long short-term memory (LSTM)-C3D, based on radar images, integrating attention mechanism and network voting optimization characteristics to achieve intelligent recognition and accurate classification of hailstorm weather based on long short-term memory networks. Based on radar echo data in the strong-echo region, LSTM-C3D can selectively fuse the long short-term time feature information of hail meteorological images and effectively focus on the significant features to achieve intelligent recognition of hail disaster weather. The meteorological scans of 11 Doppler weather radars deployed in various regions of the Hunan Province of China are used as the specific experimental and application objects for extensive validation and comparison experiments. The results show that the proposed method can realize the automatic extraction of radar reflectivity image features, and the accuracy of hail identification in the strong-echo region reaches 91.3%. It can also effectively realize the prediction of convective storm movement trends, laying the theoretical foundation for reducing the misjudgment of extreme disaster weather.
Analysis of flow field characteristics of the three-dimensional staggered rotor and its influence on structural parameters in the wiped film molecular distillation
Authors: Zhang Haodong , Xu Mengyang , Pang Xintao , Duan Zhenya , Zhang Junmei , Meng Xianqiang
Published: January 2024

The implementation of a scraping rotor has enhanced the distribution of the liquid film in wiped film molecular distillation while also preventing groove flow and drywall phenomena. To investigate the structure of the rotor and its surrounding cylinder, a three-dimensional mathematical model of the interleaved rotor has been established using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the accuracy of the simulation model has been validated through experiments. Additionally, a three-dimensional staggered cylindrical rotor has been developed and used to explore the impact of different structural parameters on the distribution of the head wave and liquid film thickness. These findings have provided a theoretical basis for the creation of new rotor devices and furnished valuable empirical parameters for practical engineering applications. Furthermore, this research has been instrumental in elevating the efficiency and effectiveness of wiped film molecular distillation, and at the same time, it provides important support for improving the structure of the scraping film molecular distillation equipment in the industry.
Math can’t Move Matter
Authors: Park Seungbae
Published: January 2024

Causal platonism asserts that mathematical objects cause neural states in human brains. I raise the following four objections to it. (i) Quantum entanglement does not show that one object can causally affect another, although one is nontemporal, nonspatial, and unchanging. (ii) Causal platonism can neither be justified a posteriori nor a priori. (iii) To postulate mathematical media to flesh out mathematical causation is to multiply mysteries beyond necessity. (iv) To say that mathematical causation is unintelligible and inexplicable is not to complain about causation in general.
High-speed mid-infrared Mach–Zehnder electro-optical modulators in lithium niobate thin film on sapphire
Authors: Han Huangpu , Xiang Bingxi , Zhang Jiali , Wei Zhixian , Jiang Yunpeng
Published: January 2024

In this study, high-speed mid-infrared Mach–Zehnder electro-optical modulators in x-cut lithium niobate (LN) thin film on sapphire were designed, simulated, and analyzed. The main optical parameters of three types of Mach–Zehnder modulators (MZMs) (residual LN with thickness of 0, 0.5, and 1 μm) were simulated and calculated, namely, the single-mode conditions, bending loss, separation distance between electrode edge and lithium niobate waveguide edge, optical field distribution, and half-wave voltage–length product. The main radio frequency (RF) parameters of these three types of MZMs, such as characteristic impedance, attenuation constant, RF effective index, and the –3 dB modulation bandwidth were calculated depending on the dimensions of the coplanar waveguide traveling-wave electrodes. The modulations with residual LN thickness of 0, 0.5, and 1 μm were calculated with bandwidths exceeding 140, 150, and 240 GHz, respectively, and the half-wave voltage–length product achieved was 22.4, 21.6, and 15.1 V cm, respectively. By optimizing RF and optical parameters, guidelines for device design are presented, and the achievable modulation bandwidth is significantly increased.
Particle Size Characterization of Silty-to-Sandy Powders: Laser Transmission Technique
Authors: Cha Wonjun , Kang Seoung-Min , Kim Hyun-Ki
Published: January 2024

This study proposes a novel technique for soil characterization, utilizing laser transmission to observe the sedimentation process. This method significantly diminishes specimen disturbances, human errors, and the required sample size, making it a more time and cost-effective alternative to traditional methods. Detailed models capturing the intricacies of the sedimentation process, including influential factors such as particle diameter and mass concentration, are delineated. Moreover, we suggest a method to extrapolate the cumulative grain size distribution from the laser transmission profile of a soil sample. Collectively, this research presents an efficient and promising approach to soil characterization, leveraging laser light for sedimentation monitoring.
Dissociable Roles of the Auditory Midbrain and Cortex in Processing the Statistical Features of Natural Sound Textures
Authors: Peng Fei , Harper Nicol S. , Mishra Ambika P. , Auksztulewicz Ryszard , Schnupp Jan W. H.
Published: January 2024

Sound texture perception takes advantage of a hierarchy of time-averaged statistical features of acoustic stimuli, but much remains unclear about how these statistical features are processed along the auditory pathway. Here, we compared the neural representation of sound textures in the inferior colliculus (IC) and auditory cortex (AC) of anesthetized female rats. We recorded responses to texture morph stimuli that gradually add statistical features of increasingly higher complexity. For each texture, several different exemplars were synthesized using different random seeds. An analysis of transient and ongoing multiunit responses showed that the IC units were sensitive to every type of statistical feature, albeit to a varying extent. In contrast, only a small proportion of AC units were overtly sensitive to any statistical features. Differences in texture types explained more of the variance of IC neural responses than did differences in exemplars, indicating a degree of “texture type tuning” in the IC, but the same was, perhaps surprisingly, not the case for AC responses. We also evaluated the accuracy of texture type classification from single-trial population activity and found that IC responses became more informative as more summary statistics were included in the texture morphs, while for AC population responses, classification performance remained consistently very low. These results argue against the idea that AC neurons encode sound type via an overt sensitivity in neural firing rate to fine-grain spectral and temporal statistical features.
Saxophone Players’ Self-Perceptions About Body Movement in Music Performing and Learning
Authors: Moura Nádia , Serra Sofia
Published: January 2024

Quantitative studies demonstrate that performers’ gestures reflect technical, communicative, and expressive aspects of musical works in solo and group performances. However, musicians’ perspectives and experiences toward body movement are little understood. To address this gap, we interviewed 20 professional and pre-professional saxophone players with the aims of: (1) identifying factors influencing body movement; (2) understanding how body movement is approached in instrumental pedagogy contexts; and (3) collecting ideas about the impact of movements on performance quality. The qualitative thematic analysis revealed that musical features (i.e., musical character, dynamics) constitute a preponderant influencing factor in musicians’ body behavior, followed by previous experiences and physical and psychological characteristics. In the pedagogical dimension, participants presented an increased awareness of the importance of body movement compared to their former tutors, describing in-class implementation exercises and promoting reflection with their students. Still, a lack of saxophone-specific scientific knowledge was highlighted. Regarding performance quality, participants discussed the role of movement in facilitating performers’ execution (i.e., sound emission, rhythmical perception) and enhancing the audience’s experience. We provide insights into how professionals conceive, practice, and teach motor and expressive skills, which can inspire movement science and instrumental embodied pedagogy research.
Sex differences in the cardiovascular effects of GnRH analogues
Authors: Lim Matthew W S , Lucas-Herald Angela K , Mason Avril , Delles Christian , Connelly Paul J
Published: January 2024

The integral role of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in reproductive processes makes it a prime therapeutic target. By inhibiting sex steroid synthesis, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogues are used in the management of cancers, benign neoplasms, infertility and gender dysphoria. However, the wide application of these therapeutics raises concerns regarding the unintended effects upon the cardiovascular system. In males with prostate cancer, GnRH analogues when used as an androgen deprivation therapy appear to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death in this population. Therefore, due to the utilisation of GnRH analogues across the lifespan and gender spectrum, this relationship merits discussion. Existing data suggest an association between GnRH analogues and major adverse cardiovascular events in males. Conversely, females receiving GnRH analogues for breast cancer treatment appear to be at an increased risk of developing hypertension. In this narrative review, we describe the uses of GnRH analogues in adults, adolescents and children. We discuss whether sex plays a role in the cardiovascular effects of GnRH analogues and explore the significance of sex hormone receptors in the vasculature. We also consider confounding factors such as malignancy, advanced age and infertility.
Intimate partner violence towards men and depression
Authors: Alvarez Monrroy Solange , Linares Zegarra Lucero , Portilla Revollar Charles
Published: January 2024

The objective of the research was to determine if men between the ages of 18 and 45 in a community population from Perú who experience intimate partner violence will experience depression more frequently than men of the same ages who do not experience it. The sample consisted of 380 young people and adults from 18 to 45 years of age from 4 personnel selection centers that participated voluntarily. A demographic record was administered, the Cienfuegos-Martínez Scale of Violence in the Couple Relationship (receiver) (2014) and the Beck Inventory to assess depression (1967). The main results were that men between the ages of 18 and 45 in a community population who experience intimate partner violence will experience depression significantly more frequently than men of the same ages who do not experience it. Although in middle adulthood men experience more intimate partner violence, it is in emerging adulthood when they experience greater depression
Serial killers: a review about the genetic influence on violent behavior
Authors: Nascimento Julia Oliveira do , Silva Leandro Maria Karollyna do Nascimento
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Since the beginning of time, violence has accompanied man's behavior. In this sense, the transgressions committed by the so-called Serial Killers involve the existence of heinous crimes. Thus, there is great interest in understanding how various elements can influence or predispose individuals to violence and crime. Objective: To analyze the influence between violent behavior and genetic factors, taking into consideration elements such as hormones and genes that have a relationship with such human conduct. Methodology: This is a literature review with 12 studies published between 2011 and 2021, in the PubMed, BVS, Scielo, NLM Catalog, PubMed, LILACS, and PMC databases after combining the operators "Genetics" AND "Crime" AND "Violence". Development: The following factors were found to be related to violent and potentially criminal behavior: low levels of serotonin in the brain and of 5-HIAA in the CSF; 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the SLC6A4 gene and the HTR2A and HTR2B encoders. In the dopaminergic system, genes encoding COMT; the DAT1 and the DRD2 and DRD 4 receptors; the Val158MET COMT polymorphism; the low activity of the MAOA gene and its MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism and six other variants; the CDH13 and RBOFOX1 genes and 4 of its polymorphisms; Bipolarity and Schizophrenia disorders and, finally, Klinefelter Syndrome. Conclusions: It was possible to conclude that, even under some limitations, there is a relevant influence of genetic issues on a violent and potentially criminal person. Although this relationship is permeated by several other coefficients, genetics offers important findings for the understanding of criminal conduct.
Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Factors in Individuals With a History of Out-of-home Care
Authors: Hjern Anders , Vinnerljung Bo , Brännström Lars
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Exposure to childhood out-of-home care (foster family and residential care) is associated with an increased risk of ill-health and disability in adulthood, but the risk for cardiovascular disease has not previously been studied longitudinally.

METHODS

This was a national cohort study generated from linkage of a range of population-based registers, resulting in a national cohort of 881 731 of whom 26 310 (3.0%) had a history of out-of-home care. The study population, born 1972 to 1981, was followed from age 18 to age 39 to 48 years for hospitalizations and death.

RESULTS

After adjusting for year of birth and maternal education, individuals with a history of childhood out-of-home-care experienced a doubling of the risk for coronary disease (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 2.05; 1.74–2.41) and stroke (hazard ratio 1.85; 1.59–2.15), compared with the general population, with similar estimates for men and women. Women with a history of out-of-home care had a more than doubled risk for cigarette smoking in early pregnancy, with a relative risk of 2.26; (2.18–2.34) and a moderately increased risk for gestational diabetes relative risk 1.49 (1.19–1.86). There was marked attenuation (40% to 90%) in effect estimates for disease and risk factors after further control for cohort members educational achievement at age 15–16 years.

CONCLUSIONS

A history of childhood out-of-home care was associated with a doubled risk of early cardiovascular disease events. Cigarette smoking and educational underachievement were the main identified risk factors.
POLARIZATION-PHASE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE AIRCRAFT PITCH ANGLE IN RADIO BEACON NAVIGATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Gulko V. L. , Mescheryakov Alexander A.
Published: January 2024

The polarization-phase method for determining the angle of pitch of an aircraft by horizontally polarized radio beacon signals is considered. The radio beacon signals are received onboard the aircraft in a circular polarization basis. The pitch angle of the aircraft is estimated from the phase difference of the orthogonally polarized components of the received radio beacon signals.
Francis Bacon’ın Sanatında “AĞIZ” Metaforu
Authors: AKBULUT Doğan
Published: January 2024

Sanatçının eser yolu ile kendini ifade etme yöntemlerinden biri de metafor (mecaz) yöntemidir. Sanatçı zihnindeki tasarımını ya da anlatmak istediği şeyi bir başka şeyle ilişkilendirerek biçime dönüştürür. Temelde biçim-içerik ilişkisine dayanan sanatçının nesnelerle kurduğu bu eylem diyalektik bir ilişkidir ve sanat yapıtının derinliğini oluşturur. Sanatçının nesneye yüklediği kavramsal anlam izleyicinin eseri doğru anlamlandırmasına katkı sağlar. Kavramın düşünsel bir süreçten geçmesi sonucu ortaya en direk anlatımına gönderme yapan metafor, göstermek istenen şeyin başkalaştırılması sonucu ortaya biçim olarak sunulur. İngiliz sanatın yirminci yüzyıldaki en önemli sanatçılarından biri olarak görülen Francis Bacon’un resimleri üzerine incelemeyi içeren bu çalışma, onun resimlerinde kullandığı “Ağız” metaforu ile ilişkilendirilmiştir.

Resimlerinde sıklıkla kullandığı ağız formu insanın kendini duygularını ifade etmede kullandığı en temel organ olarak karşımıza çıkar. Bazen bir sevinç bazen bir öfke ya da nefret vb. Bacon için de ağız bedenin duygularını dışa vurduğu organların en önemlisidir.