bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence of construct validity for work values using triangulation analysis
Authors: Papavasileiou Emmanouil F. , Dimou Irini
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to illustrate an emerging typology that theoretically links work values with personal values and to provide evidence of construct validity for this typology.

Design/methodology/approach

A hypothesis was developed that four types of work values – intrinsic, extrinsic, prestige and affective – underlie the relative importance that individuals place on aspects of work. Evidence of construct validity was provided using triangulation analysis. Data from three different samples in Japan were analysed with three different techniques; exploratory factor analysis (N = 229), hierarchical cluster analysis (N = 244) and smallest space analysis (N = 203).

Findings

The results demonstrate acceptable internal consistency and a coherent structure that fits the theoretical model across methods and samples. These findings lend strong support to the use of the intrinsic, extrinsic, affective and prestige typology for studying work values. This will hopefully encourage field scholars to adopt the typology in future values-based explorations in the context of work.

Originality/value

The study adds to the emergent literature in business research that stresses the importance of triangulation analysis to enhance the reliability and validity of findings. In this sense, it is an innovative paradigm of a multiple triangulation approach, which combines both data and within-method triangulation. The methods employed covered – for the first time – all commonly applied techniques for exploring the structure underlying the data and provided inductive, deductive and spatial evidence to corroborate the observed structure of work values.
The silent struggle: a systematic review and bibliometric analysis of workplace ostracism
Authors: Asmita Asmita , Akhouri Anuja , Singh Gurmeet , Tabash Mosab I.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The review paper aims to understand the development of workplace ostracism as a field in organizational studies from 2000 to the present. The study provides a comprehensive synthesis of the current state of the domain by exploring its antecedents, consequences, underlying mechanisms and buffering mechanisms.

Design/methodology/approach

The present study analyses 134 published peer-reviewed empirical and non-empirical articles retrieved from the Scopus database. A systematic literature review and bibliometric analyses (using VOS viewer) have been used to gain insights into the development and trends within the field. Bibliometric analyses involved science mapping techniques such as co-citation analysis, co-occurrence of keywords and bibliographic coupling. Combining these three techniques, the study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the workplace ostracism research domain's historical, current and future landscape.

Findings

In the present study, through descriptive analyses, the authors uncovered publishing trends, productive journals, countries and industries that contribute to this research field. The systematic review enabled the showcasing of the current landscape of workplace ostracism. The bibliometric analyses shed light on major authors, influential articles, prominent journals and significant keywords in workplace ostracism.

Originality/value

This study enriches the existing literature by offering a comprehensive research framework for workplace ostracism. It goes beyond that by presenting significant bibliographic insights by applying bibliometric analyses. Furthermore, this study identifies and emphasizes future research directions using the theory, characteristics, construct and methodologies framework, aiming to expand the knowledge base and understanding of this topic.
Leader spirituality and organizational innovativeness as determinants of transformational leadership and project success: behavioral and social learning perspectives
Authors: Raziq Muhammad Mustafa , Saleem Sharjeel , Borini Felipe Mendes , Naz Farah
Published: May 2024

Purpose

We examine the relationships among leader spirituality, organizational innovativeness, transformational leadership style and project success. Integrating principles of behavioral learning and social learning theories, we argue that spiritual leadership style is positively linked to project success, and this relationship is mediated by transformational leadership. Furthermore, the relationship between leader spirituality and transformational leadership is moderated by organizational innovativeness.

Design/methodology/approach

Data are collected from 180 individuals working in seven large project-based organizations from the telecom sector in Pakistan. The individuals comprise engineers, functional managers, dedicated project managers and individuals who have led and/or worked in project teams. Data are analyzed using variance-based structural equation modeling.

Findings

Results suggest that the relationship between spiritual leadership style and project success is positive and is partially mediated by transformational leadership. Furthermore, organizational innovativeness positively moderates the spiritual leadership and transformational leadership relationship.

Originality/value

Research calls for examining the relationship between leadership styles and project success. We address this call through examining the role of spiritual leadership style (which is rather ignored in project management literature) for project success. Furthermore, we take a novel evolutionary approach of integrating different leadership styles and indicating determinants as well as contingencies to leadership development.
Empowering leadership, employee organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior: the roles of leader authenticity and trust
Authors: Raziq Muhammad Mustafa , Wazir Riyan , Memon Mumtaz Ali , Rice John Lewis , Moazzam Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Drawing on the leader–member exchange (LMX) theory, we examine the role of empowering leadership in employee organizational commitment and the organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, we examine if these relationships are explained by factors such as follower trust in the leader and leader authenticity.

Design/methodology/approach

We draw on survey data from 153 individuals serving the hospitality industry sector. The data are analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Findings

Results show that trust in a leader positively mediates the relationship between empowering leadership and organizational citizenship behavior as well as organizational commitment. We also find a direct association between empowering leadership and the two organizational outcomes. However, we do not find evidence of the moderating role of leader authenticity in empowering leadership and trust in leader–leader relationship.

Originality/value

This paper brings to light the significance of empowering leadership, especially for hospitality workers who often operate in stressful and deeply hierarchical organizational environments. Our study findings provide a pathway for how supervisors should follow an empowering form of leadership annculcate trust in employees for better organizational outcomes. The findings indicate significant theoretical and practical implications and offer recommendations for future research.
Unraveling the dynamics: macroeconomic drivers of equity market development in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Ikpesu Fredrick
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to contribute to empirical research by identifying the key macroeconomic drivers of equity market development in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and to ascertain if banking sector development complements equity market development in the SSA region.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed the dynamic panel data approach using the pool mean group (PMG). The sample covered is twenty-seven (27) SSA countries between the period 2000 to 2020.

Findings

The result suggests that banking sector development, economic growth, migrant remittance and trade openness are the key drivers of equity market development in the SSA region. The study also revealed that banking sector development complements equity market development in the SSA region.

Originality/value

The use of robust measure in measuring equity market development (i.e. ratio of portfolio equity to gross domestic product) in ascertaining the macroeconomic drivers of equity market development. Likewise, exploring whether banking sector development complements equity market development in the SSA region makes the paper more unique, especially using the ratio of bank credit to bank deposit as a measure banking sector development.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-01-2024-0005
The effect of informal competition on the performance of formal firms: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Vlachos Vasileios
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the empirical literature on the effects of informal competition on firm performance and provide directions for future research.

Design/methodology/approach

We search the Scopus and Web of Science databases and adopt a specific protocol to perform a systematic review of the literature. We screen 536 documents and apply three inclusion criteria for filtering.

Findings

We identify the impact of informal competition on nine types of formal firms' performance. We assess the findings according to the explanatory and response variables and the data samples of the articles reviewed. We find that five areas of focus are under-researched due to analyses of country or region-specific data, or lack of consensus because of contradicting findings.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review of the empirical literature on the effects of informal competition on the performance of formal firms.
Does ownership structure drive the effect of CEO overconfidence on earnings quality?
Authors: Bzeouich Bilel , Depoers Florence , Lakhal Faten
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of chief executive officer (CEO) overconfidence on earnings quality and the moderating role of ownership structure as a crucial corporate governance device.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation method to test our models on a sample of 335 French companies between 2009 and 2020, i.e. 4,020 observations.

Findings

The results show that CEO overconfidence negatively affects earnings quality. This result supports the predictions of behavioral finance theory and suggests that CEO overconfidence is a behavioral bias that affects the quality of earnings. The authors also examined the effect of different types of ownership structures on this relationship. The results show the significant role of controlling shareholders, owner-managers, families and institutional investors in mitigating the negative effect of CEO overconfidence on earnings quality.

Research limitations/implications

This paper has some limitations. First, other types of ownership structures could have been analyzed such as state ownership. Second, we ignored the role of the board of directors as an important governance mechanism in controlling overconfident CEOs’ actions.

Practical implications

Companies should be aware of the potential risks associated with CEO overconfidence, which can compromise the faithful representation of earnings. This highlights the importance of effective monitoring and internal controls to detect and prevent such practices, which involve the role of ownership structure.

Originality/value

This paper addresses the effect of CEO overconfidence on earnings quality and provides new evidence on the role of different ownership structure types in shaping this relationship. Additionally, this paper sheds new light on how overconfident CEOs may behave in challenging times.
Optimizing demand forecasting for business events tourism: a comparative analysis of cutting-edge models
Authors: Jung Shinyong , Zhang Rachel Yueqian , Chen Yangsu , Joe Sungjun
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Given the unique nature of business events tourism, this paper evaluates the forecasting performance of various models using search query data (SQD) to forecast convention attendance.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses monthly and quarterly business event attendance data from both the U.S. (Las Vegas) and China (Macau) markets. Using SQD as the input, we evaluated and compared the cutting-edge forecasting models including Prophet and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM).

Findings

The study reveals that Prophet outperforms complex neural network models in forecasting business event tourism demand. Keywords related to convention facilities, conventions or exhibitions, and transportation are proven to be useful in forecasting business travel demand.

Practical implications

Prophet is an accessible forecasting model for event-tourism practitioners, especially useful in the volatile business event tourism sector. Using verified search keywords in models helps understand traveler motivations and aids event planning.

Originality/value

Our study is among the first to empirically evaluate the performance of forecasting models for business travel demand. In comparison with other mainstream forecasting models, our study extends the scope to examine both the U.S. and Chinese markets.
Such a Thing as Society: The Conservative Party, Social Liberalism, and the One Nation Tradition since the Cameron Era
Authors: Webb Niles
Published: May 2024

As factionalism becomes increasingly prominent within the Conservative Party, understanding the worldviews of the respective groupings has become key to understanding the party itself. This is especially true regarding the one nation group which is the most numerous in Parliament. From the Cameron era, the term ‘one nation’ expressed leaders’ attempts to modernise the party, reckon with the Thatcherite social legacy, and carve out a distinct centre‐right identity which contained both socially liberal and distinctly conservative elements. However, reconciling ‘modern’ and ‘conservative’ views has been singularly difficult. Whilst bridging the two rhetorically and intellectually has been possible, leaders have struggled to translate such a synthesis into a viable governmental agenda that unites the party. Underlying this difficulty is fierce disagreement on immigration, sovereignty, nationhood and cosmopolitanism, resulting in one nation conservatism becoming a signal of intra‐party disagreement rather than unifying leadership.
Bio‐yoghurt enriched with Spirulina‐encapsulated pomegranate peel: Impact on some metabolomics, antioxidative, textural and colour properties
Authors: Yagmur Nuray , Sahin Saliha , Yilmaz Ersan Lutfiye
Published: May 2024

As an innovative bio‐dairy product, yoghurt was enriched with Spirulina‐encapsulated aqueous/hydroalcoholic extracts of pomegranate peel (PP). Some metabolomics, antioxidative, textural and colour properties of bio‐yoghurt samples were investigated. The samples with Spirulina (YM) and PP (YPA) had the highest lactic, citric and uric acid. The aroma profile of the samples was affected encapsulation process and storage time. The values on day 1 and day 21 were 17.84–17.04 mg/kg for acetaldehyde, 0.98–0.90 mg/kg for diacetyl and 54.42–46.65 mg/kg for acetoin. The sample with encapsulated PP aqueous extract (YEPA) had the highest TPC (2.97 mg GAE/g), and the sample with PP aqueous extract (YPA) had the highest antioxidant capacity (0.36 mg TE/g). The present study describes that bio‐yoghurt enriched with Spirulina‐encapsulated PP could be considered a good alternative for consumers demanding functional dairy products and a holistic approach to a circular bioeconomy.
“You want people to listen to you”: Patient experiences of women's healthcare within the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Mog Ashley C. , Benson Samantha K. , Sriskantharajah Vyshnika , Kelly P. Adam , Gray Kristen E. , Callegari Lisa S. , Moy Ernest M. , Katon Jodie G.
Published: May 2024

Objective

To identify constructs that are critical in shaping Veterans' experiences with Veterans Health Administration (VA) women's healthcare, including any which have been underexplored or are not included in current VA surveys of patient experience.

Data Sources and Study Setting

From June 2022 to January 2023, we conducted 28 semi‐structured interviews with a diverse, national sample of Veterans who use VA women's healthcare.

Study Design

Using VA data, we divided Veteran VA‐users identified as female into four groups stratified by age (dichotomized at age 45) and race/ethnicity (non‐Hispanic White vs. all other). We enrolled Veterans continuously from each recruitment strata until thematic saturation was reached.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

For this qualitative study, we asked Veterans about past VA healthcare experiences. Interview questions were guided by a priori domains identified from review of the literature, including trust, safety, respect, privacy, communication and discrimination. Analysis occurred concurrently with interviews, using inductive and deductive content analysis.

Principal Findings

We identified five themes influencing Veterans' experiences of VA women's healthcare: feeling valued and supported, bodily autonomy, discrimination, past military experiences and trauma, and accessible care. Each emergent theme was associated with multiple of the a priori domains we asked about in the interview guide.

Conclusions

Our findings underscore the need for a measure of patient experience tailored to VA women's healthcare. Existing patient experience measures used within VA fail to address several aspects of experience highlighted by our study, including bodily autonomy, the influence of past military experiences and trauma on healthcare, and discrimination. Understanding distinct factors that influence women and gender‐diverse Veterans' experiences with VA care is critical to advance efforts by VA to measure and improve the quality and equity of care for all Veterans.
Professionalisation and convergence‐divergence of HRM: China, Hong Kong, and the United Kingdom compared
Authors: Higgins Paul , Roper Ian , Zhao Lingling
Published: May 2024

HRM has long claimed professional status. The global prevalence of national‐level people management associations (PMA) supports this claim. Aside from prescribing practices appropriate for differing national contexts, PMAs simultaneously claim to share international best practices. This divergence/convergence tension raises questions about whether common institutional circumstances trigger PMA formation and if universal associational features develop over time. This article addresses both concerns by extrapolating a reanalysis of two historical accounts of PMA formation in the United Kingdom (from 1913) and Hong Kong (from 1968) to commensurate developments in contemporary China (from 2001). Its application of a modified version of trait theory with institutional analysis finds that a family resemblance occurs between PMAs created by adapting to employment regulation from the state while promoting employers' substantive interests. A path‐dependent legacy of these tensions reflects the HR professionalisation project's broader institutional subordination to state and market forces.
Characteristics associated with the intention to complete advance directives and end‐of‐life preferences in Brazilians with heart failure
Authors: Murata Murakami Beatriz , Latorre Souza Vitor , Fadini Reis Brunori Evelise Helena , Ribeiro Dos Santos Eduarda , Takáo Lopes Camila
Published: May 2024

Objective

To identify characteristics associated with an intention to complete advance directives (ADs) and end‐of‐life treatment preferences for outpatients with heart failure (HF).

Methods

A cross‐sectional, analytical study. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from 108 patients with HF in an outpatient clinic in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire; knowledge about HF and the intention to complete ADs were assessed using a script. The relationships among variables were assessed through the chi‐square and Mann–Whitney tests, with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results

The intention to complete ADs was significantly associated with reporting adherence to pharmacological recommendations (99% vs. 88.1%, p = 0.02), worse QoL (29.7 ± 18.2 vs. 20.9 ± 11.0; p = 0.0336), perceived knowledge about HF (89.7% vs. 63.6%, p = 0.0495), not wishing the healthcare providers would decide about treatment (27.3% vs. 2.15, p = 0.0026), and considering ADs useful (91.8% vs. 27.3%, p < 0.001). End‐of‐life treatment preferences included living as long as possible (50.5%), not being sedated (37.1%), and staying close to family and friends for as long as possible (32.0%).

Conclusions

Characteristics associated with an intention to complete ADs and end‐of‐life treatment preferences were identified in patients with HF.

Implications for nursing practice

These results can help facilitate patients’ completion of their ADs or activate their intention to maximize opportunities to exercise autonomy.
Long‐term demyelination and aging‐associated changes in mice corpus callosum; evidence for the role of accelerated aging in remyelination failure in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Parandavar Elham , Shafizadeh Mahshid , Ahmadian Shahin , Javan Mohammad
Published: May 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disorder affecting the central nervous system. Evidence suggests that age‐related neurodegeneration contributes to disability progression during the chronic stages of MS. Aging is characterized by decreased regeneration potential and impaired myelin repair in the brain. It is hypothesized that accelerated cellular aging contributes to the functional decline associated with neurodegenerative diseases. We assessed the impact of aging on myelin content in the corpus callosum (CC) and compared aging with the long‐term demyelination (LTD) consequents induced by 12 weeks of feeding with a cuprizone (CPZ) diet. Initially, evaluating myelin content in 2‐, 6‐, and 18‐month‐old mice revealed a reduction in myelin content, particularly at 18 months. Myelin thickness was decreased and the g‐ratio increased in aged mice. Although a lower myelin content and higher g‐ratio were observed in LTD model mice, compared to the normally aged mice, both aging and LTD exhibited relatively similar myelin ultrastructure. Our findings provide evidence that LTD exhibits the hallmarks of aging such as elevated expression of senescence‐associated genes, mitochondrial dysfunction, and high level of oxidative stress as observed following normal aging. We also investigated the senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity in O4+ late oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). The senescent O4+/β‐galactosidase+ cells were elevated in the CPZ diet. Our data showed that the myelin degeneration in CC occurs throughout the lifespan, and LTD induced by CPZ accelerates the aging process which may explain the impairment of myelin repair in patients with progressive MS.
Interdisciplinary management of an adolescent patient with a severely impacted mandibular canine
Authors: Zhang Y , Ong DC‐V
Published: May 2024

Impacted mandibular canines often result in a variety of clinical dilemmas. Orthodontic disimpaction of severely displaced mandibular canines may be extremely challenging and associated with significant patient discomfort and a high risk of iatrogenic damage. This case report demonstrates the interdisciplinary management of a horizontally impacted permanent mandibular canine, utilising a combination of three‐dimensional radiology, biomodel fabrication and subsequent endodontic treatment. © 2024 Australian Dental Association.
Understanding the important characteristics of neighbourhoods to facilitate ageing in place and longevity
Authors: Taylor Danielle , Tucker Graeme , Wilson David , Inacio Maria , Visvanathan Renuka
Published: May 2024

Objectives

This study investigates which local area characteristics, included in the Healthy Ageing/Vulnerable ENvironment (HAVEN) Index, are the strongest factors predicting transition into permanent residential aged care (PRAC) and mortality, and the geographic distribution of these factors.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of older individuals living in the community in Adelaide who received their first eligibility assessment for age care services between 2013 and 2015 (n = 16,939) was conducted. The study cohort, from the Registry of Senior Australians (ROSA), was linked by postcode to HAVEN Index items, selected following item response theory (IRT) analysis to determine the strongest local area factors associated with PRAC and mortality. Geospatial mapping of the factors determined the geographic distribution of these significant factors.

Results

Fourteen HAVEN Index items were associated with entry into PRAC and mortality. Three area‐level items, lower educational attainment, financial housing stress and low levels of volunteering by older people, were risk factors for entry into PRAC and mortality while the remainder of the items identified were different for each outcome. The mapped local area risk factors for each outcome highlighted similar geographical areas of vulnerability.

Conclusions

Local area characteristics are associated with entering PRAC and mortality. Our findings can inform area‐level responses to make neighbourhoods more age‐friendly, potentially allowing more people to age longer in place. Similar analyses, conducted for other areas, could provide evidence to support the widespread development of age‐friendly neighbourhoods reducing area‐level inequalities in ageing.
Stroke outcomes following durable left ventricular assist device implant in patients bridged with micro‐axial flow pump: Insights from a large registry
Authors: Gallone Guglielmo , Lewin Daniel , Rojas Hernandez Sebastian , Bernhardt Alexander , Billion Michael , Meyer Anna , Netuka Ivan , Kooij J‐J , Pieri Marina , Szymanski Mariusz K. , Moeller Christian H. , Akhyari Payam , Jawad Khalil , Krasivskyi Ihor , Schmack Bastian , Färber Gloria , Medina Marta , Haneya Assad , Zimpfer Daniel , Nersesian Gaik , Lanmueller Pia , Spitaleri Antonio , Oezkur Mehmet , Djordjevic Ilija , Saeed Diyar , Boffini Massimo , Stein Julia , Gustafsson F. , Scandroglio Anna Mara , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria , Meyns Bart , Hofmann Steffen , Belohlavek Jan , Gummert Jan , Rinaldi Mauro , Potapov Evgenij V. , Loforte Antonio
Published: May 2024

Background

Stroke after durable left ventricular assist device (d‐LVAD) implantation portends high mortality. The incidence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and the impact on stroke outcomes of temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) management among patients requiring bridge to d‐LVAD with micro‐axial flow‐pump (mAFP, Abiomed) is unsettled.

Methods

Consecutive patients, who underwent d‐LVAD implantation after being bridged with mAFP at 19 institutions, were retrospectively included. The incidence of early ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke after d‐LVAD implantation (<60 days) and association of pre‐d‐LVAD characteristics and peri‐procedural management with a specific focus on tMCS strategies were studied.

Results

Among 341 patients, who underwent d‐LVAD implantation after mAFP implantation (male gender 83.6%, age 58 [48–65] years, mAFP 5.0/5.5 72.4%), the early ischemic stroke incidence was 10.8% and early hemorrhagic stroke 2.9%. The tMCS characteristics (type of mAFP device and access, support duration, upgrade from intra‐aortic balloon pump, ECMELLA, ECMELLA at d‐LVAD implantation, hemolysis, and bleeding) were not associated with ischemic stroke after d‐LVAD implant. Conversely, the device model (mAFP 2.5/CP vs. mAFP 5.0/5.5: HR 5.6, 95%CI 1.4–22.7, p = 0.015), hemolysis on mAFP support (HR 10.5, 95% CI 1.3–85.3, p = 0.028) and ECMELLA at d‐LVAD implantation (HR 5.0, 95% CI 1.4–18.7, p = 0.016) were associated with increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke after d‐LVAD implantation. Both early ischemic (HR 2.7, 95% CI 1.9–4.5, p < 0.001) and hemorrhagic (HR 3.43, 95% CI 1.49–7.88, p = 0.004) stroke were associated with increased 1‐year mortality.

Conclusions

Among patients undergoing d‐LVAD implantation following mAFP support, tMCS characteristics do not impact ischemic stroke occurrence, while several factors are associated with hemorrhagic stroke suggesting a proactive treatment target to reduce this complication.
Afatinib‐induced toxic epidermal necrolysis: A case report with a literature review
Authors: Belančić Andrej , Hlača Nika , Peternel Sandra , Golčić Marin , Prpić‐Massari Larisa , Vlahović‐Palčevski Vera
Published: May 2024

We present a 70‐year‐old female patient diagnosed with epidermal growth factor receptor‐mutated metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (T4N2M1a), who developed afatinib‐induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). We have also performed a PubMed/Medline literature review to detect other possible cases of TEN/Stevens–Johnson syndrome associated with afatinib treatment and found only 5 other cases reported. To our best knowledge, this is the first case of afatinib‐induced TEN successfully treated with cyclosporine.
In vitro effect of hyoscine‐N‐butyl bromide and diclofenac sodium in human tuba uterina
Authors: Sengul Mustafa , Karadas Baris , Acar‐Sahan Selin , Ozturk Ozan , Yılmaz Huseyin , Simsek Fatma , Kaya‐Temiz Tijen
Published: May 2024

Introduction

To investigate the in vitro effect of diclofenac on tubal smooth muscle as an alternative to hyoscine‐N‐butyl bromide, which is used for premedication before hysterosalpingography (HSG).

Material and Methods

Fallopian tubes were retrieved from seven healthy women after bilateral tubal ligation and in vitro contractility and histological studies were conducted using tissue bath and immunohistochemistry.

Results

Diclofenac sodium and hyoscine‐N‐butyl bromide did not significantly change the basal mean tension; however, they decreased the contractions induced by potassium chloride (KCl). The relaxant effect of diclofenac sodium and hyoscine‐N‐butyl bromide was not statistically significantly different. The presence of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 enzyme in the fallopian tube was demonstrated by immunohistochemical studies.

Conclusions

The in vitro relaxant effect of diclofenac sodium on the fallopian tube is similar to hyoscine‐N‐butyl bromide. Diclofenac may have the potential to be used as an alternative to hyoscine‐N‐butyl bromide in premedication in HSG.
An exploratory review on the empirical evaluation of the quality of reporting and analyzing labor duration
Authors: Celetta Emilienne , Spineli Loukia M. , Avignon Valérie , Gehling Hanna , Gross Mechthild M.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

This exploratory review aimed to provide empirical evidence on the definitions of labor, the statistical approaches and measures reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies measuring the duration of labor.

Methods

A systematic electronic literature search was conducted using different databases. An extraction form was designed and used to extract relevant data. English, French, and German studies published between 1999 and 2019 have been included. Only RCTs and observational studies analyzing labor duration (or a phase of labor duration) as a primary outcome have been included.

Results

Ninety‐two RCTs and 126 observational studies were eligible. No definition of the onset of labor was provided in 21.7% (n = 20) of the RCTs and 23.8% (n = 30) of the observational studies. Mean was the most frequently applied measure of labor duration in the RCTs (89.1%, n = 82), and median in the observational studies (54.8%, n = 69). Most RCTs (83%, n = 76) and observational studies (70.6%, n = 89) analyzed labor duration using a bivariate method, with the t‐test being the most frequently applied (45.7% and 27%, respectively). Only 10.8% (n = 10) of the RCTs and 52.4% (n = 66) of the observational studies conducted a multivariable regression: 3 (30%; out of 10) RCTs and 37 (56%; out of 66) observational studies used a time‐to‐event adapted model.

Conclusion

This survey reports a lack of agreement with respect to how the onset of labor and phases of labor duration are presented. Concerning the statistical approaches, few studies used survival analysis, which is the appropriate statistical framework to analyze time‐to‐event data.
Non‐coding RNAs and their potential exploitation in cancer therapy‐related cardiotoxicity
Authors: Bernasconi Riccardo , Kuster Gabriela M.
Published: May 2024

Life expectancy in cancer patients has been extended in recent years, thanks to major breakthroughs in therapeutic developments. However, this also unmasked an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases in cancer survivors, which is in part attributable to cancer therapy‐related cardiovascular toxicity. Non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have received much appreciation due to their impact on gene expression. NcRNAs, which include microRNAs, long ncRNAs and circular RNAs, are non‐protein‐coding transcripts that are involved in the regulation of various biological processes, hence shaping cell identity and behaviour. They have also been implicated in disease development, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer and, more recently, cancer therapy‐associated cardiotoxicity. This review outlines key features of cancer therapy‐associated cardiotoxicity, what is known about the roles of ncRNAs in these processes and how ncRNAs could be exploited as therapeutic targets for cardioprotection.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue Non‐coding RNA Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v182.2/issuetoc
Role of LRP5/6/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin in the differences in exenatide‐ and insulin‐promoted T2D osteogenesis and osteomodulation
Authors: Chen Zijun , Wang Yuxi , Zhang Guanhua , Zheng Jian , Tian Lei , Song Yingliang , Liu Xiangdong
Published: May 2024

Background and Purpose

Insulin and exenatide are two hypoglycaemic agents that exhibit different osteogenic effects. This study compared the differences between exenatide and insulin in osseointegration in a rat model of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and explored the mechanisms promoting osteogenesis in this model of T2D.

Experimental Approach

In vivo, micro‐CT was used to detect differences in the peri‐implant bone microstructure in vivo. Histology, dual‐fluorescent labelling, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect differences in tissue, cell and protein expression around the implants. In vitro, RT‐PCR and western blotting were used to measure the expression of osteogenesis‐ and Wnt signalling‐related genes and proteins in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) from rats with T2D (TBMSCs) after PBS, insulin and exenatide treatment. RT‐PCR was used to detect the expression of Wnt bypass cascade reactions under Wnt inactivation.

Key Results

Micro‐CT and section staining showed exenatide extensively promoted peri‐implant osseointegration. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed exenatide substantially increased the expression of osteogenesis‐related and activated the LRP5/6/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin‐related Wnt pathway. Furthermore, exenatide suppressed expression of Bmpr1a to inhibit lipogenesis and promoted expression of Btrc to suppress inflammation.

Conclusion and Implications

Compared to insulin, exenatide significantly improved osteogenesis in T2D rats and TBMSCs. In addition to its dependence on LRP5/6/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signalling for osteogenic differentiation, exenatide‐mediated osteomodulation also involves inhibition of inflammation and adipogenesis by BMPR1A and β‐TrCP, respectively.
Comparison of intraocular pressure and anterior segment parameters in subjects with asymmetrical primary angle closure disease
Authors: Tan Shayne S. , Tun Tin A. , Aung Tin , Nongpiur Monisha E.
Published: May 2024

Background

To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior segment parameters between eyes with unilateral primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) and their fellow eyes with primary angle closure (PAC) or primary angle closure suspect (PACS).

Methods

Subjects underwent anterior segment imaging using 360‐degree swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT, CASIA Tomey, Nagoya, Japan) and ocular investigations including gonioscopy and IOP measurement. Each SS‐OCT scan (divided into 8 frames, 22.5 degrees apart) was analysed and an average was obtained for the following anterior segment parameters: iridotrabecular contact (ITC), angle opening distance (AOD750), iris thickness and curvature, anterior chamber width, depth and area (ACW, ACD and ACA) and lens vault (LV).

Results

Among 132 unilateral PACG subjects (mean age: 62.91 ± 7.2 years; 59.1% male), eyes with PACG had significantly higher presenting IOP (24.81 ± 0.94 vs. 18.43 ± 0.57 mmHg, p < 0.001), smaller gonioscopic Shaffer grade (2.07 ± 0.07 vs. 2.31 ± 0.07, p < 0.001) and a greater extent of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS, 1.21 ± 0.21 vs. 0.54 ± 0.16 clock hours, p = 0.001). PACG eyes also exhibited increased ITC, ITC area, greater LV and smaller AOD750, ACD and ACA (all p < 0.05). Using the forward stepwise regression model, an increase in 1 mmHg in presenting IOP before laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) increases the odds of having PACG by 9% (95% confidence interval 5%–14%).

Conclusions

PACG eyes have higher presenting IOP, smaller anterior segment parameters, greater extent of PAS, and larger LV compared to their fellow eyes with angle closure. Narrower anterior chamber dimensions and higher presenting IOP before LPI may increase risk of chronic elevated IOP and glaucomatous optic neuropathy after LPI.
Better Prevention Than Cure: Cybersecurity Risk and Clawback Provision
Authors: Hoang Huy Viet
Published: May 2024

Research Question/Issue

The escalation of online transactions recently has driven the digitalization trend, which features both emerging opportunities and associated risks, across businesses. This study examines the impact of cybersecurity risk on the adoption of clawback policies among US listed firms during the 2008–2018 period.

Research Findings/Insight

Using fixed‐effect estimators, I reveal that clawback adoptions are more likely when cybersecurity risk is on the rise. This effect is transmitted via three channels of multiple business objectives, manager's quiet life, and corporate culture. Furthermore, this effect is diminished among firms with a greater proportion of nonindependent co‐opted directors on board.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

Although clawback policies are often linked to corporate misreporting, this study broadens the conventional research direction by addressing the decision‐making of clawback policy adoption from the data security perspective. The finding of this study implies an extension of clawback endorsement beyond the corporate reporting purpose in the digitalized era.

Practical/Policy Implications

This study's findings suggest that firms value the preventive property of clawback policies on corporate misconduct and that firms factor cybersecurity risk into clawback adoption decision‐making. Given that clawback policies extensively tie CEOs' wealth with corporate integrity, early adoptions of this recoupment scheme can be essential to resolving the contemporary cybersecurity problems of the adopted firms.
The Syvn1 inhibits neuronal cell ferroptosis by activating Stat3/Gpx4 axis in rat with spinal cord injury
Authors: Xiao Shining , Zhang Yu , Wang Shijiang , Liu Jiaming , Dan Fan , Yang Feng , Hong Shue , Liu Ning , Zeng Yujia , Huang Ke , Xie Xinsheng , Zhong Yanxin , Liu Zhili
Published: May 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to secondary neuronal death, which severely impedes recovery of motor function. Therefore, prevention of neuronal cell death after SCI is an important strategy. Ferroptosis, a new form of cell death discovered in recent years, has been shown to be involved in the regulation of SCI. However, the role and potential mechanisms of ferroptosis in secondary SCI are not fully understood. In this study, we report that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Syvn1 suppresses ferroptosis and promotes functional recovery from SCI in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, screened with bioinformatics, immunoprecipitation, and mass spectrometry, we identified Stat3, a transcription factor that induces the expression of the ferroptosis inhibitor Gpx4, as a substrate of Syvn1. Furthermore, we identified neurons as the primary cellular source of Syvn1 signalling. Moreover, we determined the binding domains of Syvn1 and Stat3 in HEK 293 T cells using full‐length proteins and a series of truncated Flag‐tagged and Myc‐tagged fragments. Furthermore, we created the cell and animal models with silencing or overexpression of Syvn1 and Stat3 and found that Syvn1 inhibits neuronal ferroptosis by stabilizing Stat3, which subsequently activates the ferroptosis regulator Gpx4 in SCI. In summary, the Syvn1‐mediated Stat3/Gpx4 signalling axis attenuates neuronal ferroptosis, reduces neuronal death, and promotes SCI repair. Therefore, our findings provide potential new targets and intervention strategies for the treatment of SCI.
The effect of fine particle peening on aviation gear performance, part II: Rolling contact fatigue
Authors: Zhang Boyu , Liu Huaiju , He Yongyong , Guagliano Mario
Published: May 2024

Fine particle peening (FPP) technology offers an effective method to achieve outstanding surface integrity and fatigue performance in aviation gears. However, the lack of sufficient research on the correlation between process parameters, surface integrity parameters, and fatigue life undermines the full potential of FPP in strengthening aviation gears. Therefore, we have developed an elastic–plastic contact fatigue life model to predict the fatigue life of AISI 9310 gear steel after different strengthening processes. This model can consider surface integrity parameters such as surface micro‐topography, residual stress gradient, and hardness gradient. To validate the model, we conducted rolling contact fatigue tests and compared the results with the predictions from our model. The influence of process parameters on the rolling contact fatigue of AISI 9310 gear steel was further investigated. A process window for FPP was established, and an optimization method was proposed in order to provide guidance for selecting process parameters for FPP on high‐performance aviation gears.
Information‐seeking behaviour of primary care clinicians in Singapore at the point‐of‐care: A qualitative study
Authors: Lee Mauricette Moling , Tang Wern Ee , Smith Helen Elizabeth , Tudor Car Lorainne
Published: May 2024

Background

Clinicians' information‐seeking behaviours impact patient care quality. Earlier studies indicated that barriers to accessing information deter clinicians from seeking answers to clinical questions.

Objectives

To explore primary care clinicians' information‐seeking behaviour at point‐of‐care, focusing on when and how they seek answers to clinical questions.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 45 clinicians after clinical sessions to investigate their information‐seeking habits. Follow‐up interviews were conducted after a week for those intending to address unanswered queries.

Results

Two thirds of clinicians encountered questions during care, with nearly three quarters resolving them during the session. Colleagues, guidelines and online platforms were common information sources, with smartphones being used to access Google, WhatsApp or UpToDate®. Facilitators included reliable sources and the drive to confirm knowledge, while barriers included ineffective search methods and high workload. Despite challenges, most clinicians expressed satisfaction with their information‐seeking process.

Discussion

The findings underscore the increasing use of smartphones for accessing clinical information among Singaporean primary care clinicians and suggest the need for tailored training programmes and guidelines to optimise information‐seeking practices.

Conclusion

Insights from this study can inform the development of training programmes and guidelines aimed at improving information‐seeking practices among primary care clinicians, potentially enhancing patient care quality.
Optical evaluation of internal damage to human hair based on second near‐infrared window polarization microscopy
Authors: Watanabe Tomonobu M. , Ueda Seiko , Ishida Saki , Shioi Go , Kaneshiro Junichi , Magari Michi
Published: May 2024

Objective

Hair beauty treatments glorify human life. As a side effect, there is a risk of deteriorating the health of the hair. Optically polarized microscopy has been used for many decades to evaluate hair conditions owing to its ease of use and low operating costs. However, the low biopermeability of light hinders the observation of detailed structures inside hair. The aim of this study is to establish an evaluation technique of internal damages in a hair by utilizing a near‐infrared (NIR) light with a wavelength of 1000–1600 nm, called “second NIR window”.

Methods

We built a laser scanning transmission microscope system with an indium gallium arsenide detector, a 1064 nm laser source, and optical circular polarization to visualize the anisotropy characterization of keratin fibres in hair. Samples of Asian black hair before and after bleaching, after permanent‐waving, after lithium bromide (LiBr) treatment, and after heating was observed. Some parameters reflecting intra‐hair damage were quantitatively compared with the parameters in digitally recorded images with analytical developments.

Results

The light transmittance of black hair was dramatically improved by utilizing the second NIR window. Numerical analysis of circular polarization in hair quantified the internal damage in chemically or thermally treated hair and found two different types of damage. The present method enabled quantitative evaluation of the condition changes in the cortex; for example, a decrease in circular polarizability by LiBr treatment and restoration by replacing the LiBr solution with water. In addition, black speckles were observed after the heat treatment. Longer heating and wetting times increased the appearance probability and size of the speckles. According to quantitative analyses, the emergence of black spots was independent of polarizability changes, indicating that they were not pores.

Conclusion

Circular polarization microscopy based on near‐infrared optics in the second NIR window provides an effective evaluation method for quantifying intra‐hair damage caused by cosmetic treatments. The present method provides noninvasive, easy, and inexpensive hair evaluation and has potential as a gold standard in hair care research/medical fields.