bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Analytical Study on Mechanical Properties of High Rock Temperature Diversion Tunnel
Authors: Yao Xianchun , Li Ning , Wan Kecheng , Lv Gao , He Mingming
Published: April 2019

The high temperature of rock used in different working conditions has a significant effect on the deformation characteristics and the mechanics of tunnel lining support structure. A test using a laboratory model is designed to study the quantitative relationship between the temperature difference and the support force. Through the laboratory model test, the strain and stress variation characteristics of the supporting structure of a water diversion tunnel under different surrounding rock temperatures and different water temperatures were simulated. The variation characteristics of the supporting structure under various working conditions, such as a different initial temperature field, different crossing water temperature of the diversion tunnel during runtime, and repairing period after the water is emptied, were analyzed. The relationship between the high‐temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of the tunnel lining support structure and the internal temperature stress of the supporting structure was obtained and compared with the results from numerical experiments. The test results showed that a high circumferential tensile stress is created in the support structure of the high‐temperature diversion tunnel due to the temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of the support structure caused by water going through the high‐temperature diversion tunnel. The radial compressive stress increases by 45–50%, and the circumferential tensile stress increases by 40–60%. The results provide references for the design of the support structure in a high‐temperature tunnel.
Hybrid Functions Direct Approach and State Feedback Optimal Solutions for a Class of Nonlinear Polynomial Time Delay Systems
Authors: Bouafoura Mohamed Karim , Benhadj Braiek Naceur
Published: April 2019

The aim of this paper is to determine the optimal open loop solution and a nonlinear delay‐dependent state feedback suboptimal control for a class of nonlinear polynomial time delay systems. The proposed method uses a hybrid of block pulse functions and Legendre polynomials as an orthogonal base for system’s states and input expansion. Hence, the complex dynamic optimization problem is then reduced, with the help of operational properties of the hybrid basis and Kronecker tensor product lemmas, to a nonlinear programming problem that could be solved with available NLP solvers. A practical nonlinear feedback controller gains are deduced with respect to a least square formalism based on the optimal open loop control results. Simulation results show efficiency of the proposed numerical optimal approach.
Antiphotoaging and Antimelanogenic Effects of Penthorum chinense Pursh Ethanol Extract due to Antioxidant- and Autophagy-Inducing Properties
Authors: Jeong Deok , Lee Jongsung , Park Sang Hee , Kim You Ah , Park Byoung Jun , Oh Junsang , Sung Gi-Ho , Aravinthan Adithan , Kim Jong-Hoon , Kang Hakhee , Cho Jae Youl
Published: April 2019

Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Penthorum chinense Pursh (Penthoraceae) is a traditional herbal plant that has been used in China for the treatment of jaundice, cholecystitis, edema, and infectious hepatitis. In addition, the Korea Medicinal Plant Dictionary states that Penthorum chinense Pursh can be used to treat contusions and skin bruises by improving blood flow. Recent studies have shown that Penthorum chinense Pursh ethanol extract (Pc-EE) exhibits strong antioxidant effects. In this study, we examined the effects of Pc-EE on UVB-induced or H2O2-induced oxidative stress, as well as its antimelanogenic properties. Cell viability, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, cyclooxygenease-2 (COX-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression and moisturizing factors were investigated in keratinocytes. Collagen synthesis induction was measured in HEK293T cells. For melanogenesis, the effects of Pc-EE on melanin content and tyrosinase activity were measured. Additionally, the antimelanogenic- and autophagy-inducing activities of Pc-EE were examined using immunoblotting and confocal microscopy. Pc-EE protected HaCaT cells against death from UVB irradiation- or H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Pc-EE increased the promoter activity of the type 1 procollagen gene Col1A1 and decreased the expression of MMPs, COX-2, IL-6, and hyaluronidase induced by UVB irradiation- or H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Pc-EE showed a strong antioxidant effect in the DPPH assay. In α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone- (α-MSH-) stimulated B16F10 cells, Pc-EE reduced melanin production, decreased tyrosinase expression and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) protein levels, and decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38 and JNK. In HEK293T cells, Pc-EE promoted the expression of GFP-LC3B. In B16F10 cells, the LC3B and melanin contents were reduced by Pc-EE and were restored by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). These results suggest that Pc-EE can be used as a skin protection agent due to its antiapoptotic, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, and antimelanogenic properties.
Current Prevalence of Major Cancer Risk Factors and Screening Test Use in the United States: Disparities by Education and Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Goding Sauer Ann , Siegel Rebecca L. , Jemal Ahmedin , Fedewa Stacey A.
Published: April 2019

Overall cancer death rates in the United States have declined since 1990. The decline could be accelerated by eliminating socioeconomic and racial disparities in major risk factors and screening utilization. We provide an updated review of the prevalence of modifiable cancer risk factors, screening, and vaccination for U.S. adults, focusing on differences by educational attainment and race/ethnicity. Individuals with lower educational attainment have higher prevalence of modifiable cancer risk factors and lower prevalence of screening versus their more educated counterparts. Smoking prevalence is 6-fold higher among males without a high school (HS) education than female college graduates. Nearly half of women without a college degree are obese versus about one third of college graduates. Over 50% of black and Hispanic women are obese compared with 38% of whites and 15% of Asians. Breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening utilization is 20% to 30% lower among those with <HS education compared with college graduates. Screening for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers is also lower among Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians/Alaska Natives relative to whites and blacks. Enhanced, multilevel efforts are needed to further reduce the prevalence of modifiable risk factors and improve screening and vaccination, particularly among those with lower socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic minorities.
Pre- and Postdialysis Uric Acid Difference and Risk of Long-Term All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortalities in Japanese Hemodialysis Patients; Miyazaki Dialysis Cohort Study
Authors: Toida Tatsunori , Sato Yuji , Komatsu Hiroyuki , Kitamura Kazuo , Fujimoto Shouichi
Published: April 2019

Background/Aims: Uric acid (UA) levels are affected by changes in dialysis; however, the relationship between the pre- and postdialysis UA difference (UAD) and mortality remains unclear. Methods: A total of 1,073 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD) were enrolled in this cohort study and followed up for 5 years. Patients were divided into quartile categories according to baseline UAD. Cox’s regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between UAD categories and all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortalities while adjusting for potential confounders. Results: A total of 280 patients died of all causes, including 121 CV deaths, during the follow-up. In the analysis for all-cause mortality, hazard ratios were significantly higher in the lowest UAD group (< 4.7 mg/dL) than in the highest UAD group (> 6.2 mg/dL). A correlation was not observed with CV mortality. Conclusion: UAD correlated with all-cause mortality. UAD may be the most appropriate reference for controlling UA in HD patients.
Complications During Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Neonates
Authors: Nishimi Saeko , Sugawara Hiroshi , Onodera Chinatsu , Toya Yukiko , Furukawa Hiromi , Konishi Yu , Sotodate Genichiro , Matsumoto Atsushi , Ishikawa Ken , Oyama Kotaro
Published: April 2019

Background/ Aims: Owing to practical and technical developments, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been administered even in critically ill neonates. In this study, the complications in CRRT for neonates were examined to establish a safe CRRT. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the clinical records of neonates who underwent CRRT at our neonatal intensive care unit between 2009 and 2017. Results: Eight neonates with a body weight of 1,462–3,288 g were treated by 70 CRRT sessions with blood priming. Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) was observed in 39 sessions (55.7%), most of which occurred soon after the start of the CRRT. Body temperature decreased in 48 sessions (70.5%), and thrombocytopenia during CRRT occurred 30 times (42.9%). Conclusion: Complications during CRRT in neonates comprised IDH at the start of the CRRT, body temperature decline, and thrombocytopenia. These complications need to be analyzed for a safe neonatal CRRT.
Long-Term Gastrocolocutaneous Fistula after Endoscopic Gastrostomy: How Concerned Should We Be?
Authors: Nunes Gonçalo , Paiva de Oliveira Gabriel , Cruz João , Santos Carla Adriana , Fonseca Jorge
Published: April 2019

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a safe technique for long-term enteral feeding. The most common PEG-associated adverse events are minor. Gastrocolocutaneous fistula (GCCF) results from misplacement of the PEG tube through the colon. The importance of this complication is not currently defined, and there is no clearly established therapeutic algorithm. The authors report a series of 3 cases of GCCF diagnosed and treated in a tertiary center. Case 1: An 88-year-old man underwent PEG due to head and neck cancer. The procedure was uneventful, and the patient remained asymptomatic. After the first PEG tube substitution performed at 6 months, stool drainage through the stoma was observed. Computed tomography (CT) showed a GCCF. After tube removal, the fistula spontaneously closed, and the patient remained under nasogastric feeding until death. Case 2: A 31-year-old man with hereditary spastic paraplegia was submitted to PEG without early complications. The patient remained asymptomatic, and 7 months later, replacement of the PEG tube was planned. Under endoscopic control, the primary tube was removed, but the balloon replacement tube, introduced through the skin, was not observed in the gastric lumen. CT displayed a GCCF that spontaneously closed after a few days. A combined laparoscopic and endoscopic approach was used to resect the fistula tracts and perform a new gastrostomy. Case 3: A 45-year-old man with cerebral palsy was referred to PEG. Skin transillumination was only observed transiently, and the abdominal puncture was performed obliquely. The patient remained asymptomatic until the 7th month, when the primary PEG tube replacement was performed. The percutaneously placed substitution tube did not reach the stomach. GCCF was evident on CT. The fistula spontaneously closed, and the patient was referred to elective surgery for laparoscopic gastrostomy. GCCF is an uncommon complication of PEG. Its clinical course seems to be benign with patients remaining asymptomatic under ambulatory enteral feeding for long periods until PEG tube replacement. Spontaneous fistula closure is the rule in this setting. Laparoscopic gastrostomy should be considered when a new PEG is advised and cannot be safely performed due to colon interposition.
Reversible Schamroth Sign after Pleural Tumor Resection
Authors: Bossart Simon , Rammlmair Anna , Haneke Eckart
Published: April 2019

The Schamroth sign can be used for the detection of nail clubbing and is associated with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. This case illustrates a patient with sudden nail clubbing and positive Schamroth sign without any other abnormal clinical or laboratory findings. Radiological workup revealed a pleural tumor, histologically confirmed as a solitary fibrous tumor. After thoracoscopic tumor resection, normalization of the nail clubbing with complete resolution of the Schamroth sign was observed. Our case demonstrates that sudden nail changes with positive Schamroth sign may indicate a new neoplastic pulmonary disease. It is of great importance to increase the awareness of this feature in order to obtain a timely diagnosis, specific treatment, and improved patient care.
Risk Factors for Transfusion after Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
Authors: Yokoyama Ana Paula Hitomi , Kutner José Mauro , Sakashita Araci Massami , Nakazawa Cristiane Yoshie , de Paula Tatiana Almeida Omura , Zamper Raffael Perreira Cezar , Pedroso Pamella Tung , de Almeida Marcio Dias , Meira Filho Sergio Paiva , Orsi Fernanda Andrade
Published: April 2019

Background: Transfusion of blood products during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although risk factors associated with intraoperative transfusion requirements have been widely assessed, published data on the prediction of postoperative transfusion requirements are sparse. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors for postoperative allogeneic transfusion requirements in OLT. Methods: Clinical characteristics and intraoperative parameters of 645 consecutive adult patients undergoing OLT were retrospectively reviewed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the main determinants for postoperative transfusion requirements. Results: Determinants of postoperative transfusion requirements of any blood product in the postoperative period were the number of blood products transfused in the intraoperative period (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08–1.28), warm ischemia time (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.08), MELD score (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.08) and hepatocellular carcinoma (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.28–0.72). A dose-dependent effect between the number of units transfused in the intraoperative period and transfusion requirements in the postoperative period was also observed. The relative risk of postoperative allogeneic transfusion of any blood component was 5.9 (95% CI 3.4–10.4) for patients who received 1–2 units in the intraoperative period, 7.3 (95% CI 3.6–14.7) for those who received 3–5 units in the intraoperative period, and 11.1 (95% CI 4.7–26.4) for those who received 6 or more units, when compared to no intraoperative blood transfusion. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated an association between intraoperative transfusion and warm ischemia time with postoperative transfusion requirements. The identification of risk factors for transfusion in the postoperative period may improve management of these patients by increasing awareness to bleeding complications in this high-risk population and by expanding hemostasis monitoring to the postoperative period.
SNX17 (Sorting Nexin 17) Mediates Atrial Fibrillation Onset Through Endocytic Trafficking of the Kv1.5 (Potassium Voltage-Gated Channel Subfamily A Member 5) Channel
Authors: Geng Li , Wang Shuo , Zhang Fulei , Xiong Ke , Huang Jian , Zhao Tingting , Shi Dan , Lv Fei , Li Li , Liang Dandan , Cui Yingyu , Liu Yi , Xie Duanyang , Chen Yi-Han
Published: April 2019

Background:

Kv1.5 (Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5) has been regarded as a promising target of interventions for atrial fibrillation (AF). SNX17 (sorting nexin 17), a member of the SNXs (sorting nexin family), regulates the intracellular trafficking of membrane proteins through its FERM (four-point-one, ezrin, radixin, moesin) domain. However, whether SNX17 regulates the trafficking process of Kv1.5 remains unknown.

Methods:

A
SNX17
knockout rat line was generated to test the role of SNX17 in atrial electrophysiology. The protein expression of SNX17 and membrane ion channels was detected by Western blotting. Electrophysiology changes in the atrial tissue and myocytes were analyzed by optical mapping and patch clamp, respectively. Acetylcholine and electrical stimulation were used to induce AF, and ECG recording was adopted to assess the influence of SNX17 deficiency on AF susceptibility. The spatial relationship between Kv1.5 and SNX17 was evaluated by immunostaining and confocal scanning, and the functional region of SNX17 regulating Kv1.5 trafficking was identified using plasmids with truncated SNX17 domains.

Results:

Embryonic death occurred in homozygous
SNX17
knockout rats.
SNX17
heterozygous rats survived, and the level of the SNX17 protein in the atrium was decreased by ≈50%. SNX17 deficiency increased the membrane expression of Kv1.5 and atria-specific ultrarapid delayed rectifier outward potassium current (
I
Kur
) density, resulting in a shortened action potential duration, and eventually contributing to AF susceptibility. Mechanistically, SNX17 facilitated the endocytic sorting of Kv1.5 from the plasma membrane to early endosomes via the FERM domain.

Conclusions:

SNX17 mediates susceptibility to AF by regulating endocytic sorting of the Kv1.5 channel through the FERM domain. SNX17 could be a potential target for the development of new drugs for AF.
A new antipatharian-associated species of the genus Cuapetes Clark, 1919 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) and a new record of C. nilandensis (Borradaile, 1915) from Japan
Authors: OKUNO JUNJI , CHAN TIN-YAM
Published: April 2019

Two antipatharian-associated species of the pontoniine shrimp genus Cuapetes Clark, C. lanceolatus sp. nov. and C.nilandensis (Borradaile), are reported from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. The new species appears closest to C. akiensis(Kubo) and C. calmani (Tattersall), but differs considerably from the latter two species in the shape of the rostrum and thelength of upper antennular flagellum. Cuapetes nilandensis, the type species of the genus, is recorded from Japanese waters for the first time.
Two new species of Indopinnixa Manning & Morton, 1987 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Authors: NARUSE TOHRU , MAENOSONO TADAFUMI
Published: April 2019

Two new species of pinnotherid crabs of the genus Indopinnixa Manning & Morton, 1987, are described from Kume andOkinawa islands, Ryukyu Islands, Japan. The new species are distinguished from congeners as well as allied Pinnixa species by a combination of characters of the carapace, male abdominal somites, ambulatory legs, and/or male first gonopod.
Comanthus kumi, a new shallow-water comatulid (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Comatulida: Comasteridae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Authors: FUJITA YOSHIHISA , OBUCHI MASAMI
Published: April 2019

A new species of the genus Comanthus A.H. Clark, 1908, is described on the basis of specimens collected from KumeIsland and Okinawa Island, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Comanthus kumi n. sp. is distinguished from all ten congeners byhaving extremely elongate arms exceeding 300 mm in length and the colouration in life. The new species concealed itswhole body in a crevice or small hole on coral reefs during the day and protruded only several elongate arms on the reef surface at night. This habit suggests that the new species is nocturnal.
Biodiversity of invertebrates in Korea (cover)
Authors: LEE WONCHOEL , KARANOVIC TOMISLAV
Published: April 2019

cover
A new Pseudodiaptomus (Copepoda, Calanoida) from Korea supported by molecular data
Authors: SOH HO YOUNG , KWON SUN WOO , LEE WONCHEOL , YOON YANG HO
Published: April 2019

A new species, Pseudodiaptomus koreanus sp. nov. (Calanoida, Pseudodiaptomidae), which has so far been identified as P. inopinus Burckhardt, 1913, is described from Korean estuaries. This new species differs from P. inopinus in the broad and short posterior process of the female genital flap, rounded posteriocentral projection between the gonopores, presence of a posterodorsal spinule on the fifth pediger of the male, and a row of fine ventral spinules on the male second urosomite. The new species is also distinguishable from P. nansei Sakaguchi and Ueda, 2010 by the presence of a row of fine spinules along posterior margins of the second and third pedigers in both sexes, rounded posteromedial projectionbetween the gonopores, separation of ancestral segment XXI and compound segments XXII–XXIII of the male right antennules, and a row of fine ventral spinules on the male second urosomite.
New species of free-living marine Sabatieriinae (Nematoda: Monhysterida: Comesomatidae) from
Authors: BARNES NATALIE , KIM HYEONG GEUN , LEE WONCHOEL
Published: April 2019

Four new species from the subfamily Sabatieriinae Filipjev, 1934 are described from the south and west coast of South Korea: three new species of Laimella Cobb, 1920 and one new species of Cervonema Wieser, 1954. Two further species of Cervonema are informally described owing to the absence of male specimens. In addition, Laimella filicaudata Ward, 1974 is formally reinstated as an extant species. Sabatieriinae are relatively character poor, defined by a striate cuticle, closely spaced cephalic setae, small buccal cavity, simple arcuate spicules and precloacal supplements minute or absent. However, we have found that the de Man's ratios a, b and c, the comparable lengths of the anterior and posterior cephalic setae, the position of the amphid, shape and length of the oesophageal bulb, and the proportion of the cylindrical tail part are all species informative. Laimella ferreroi sp. nov. is most distinctive species described here, having the largest de Man's ratios a and b, the longest gubernaculum (as abd) and the longest, truly filiform, tail so far recorded in the genus. Laimella socotris sp. nov. has a distinct rounded posterior oesophageal bulb similar only to L. longicauda Cobb, 1920 and L. filicaudata Ward, 1974; in combination with the tail length and the relative length of the anterior and cephalic setae this defines the species. Laimella tongyeongensis sp. nov. is defined by a combination of characters, principally the de Man's ratios a, b, c and c', the oesophageal bulb length and with regards to the length ratio between the anterior and posterior cephalic setae. Cervonema pseudodeltensis sp. nov. is the only species of the genus so far described which appears to have the anterior cephalic setae marginally longer than the posterior cephalic setae. It is also defined by the amphid position and the relative size of the oesophageal bulb. Cervonema sp. A , described only as females, is defined by the total body length and the relative length of the oesophagus and tail (de Man’s b and c). Cervonema sp. B, on the other hand, is distinct with respect to the de Man's ratios a and b, the R2:R3 sensilla length ratio, and the amphid directly behind the cephalic setae. It also has not been fully described here owing to the lack of male specimens.
Decapod crustaceans of the littoral and shallow sublittoral Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf: Faunistics, Biodiversity and Zoogeography
Authors: NADERLOO REZA , TÜRKAY MICHAEL
Published: April 2019

A total of 150 species belonging to five infraorders (Caridea, Stenopodidea, Thalassinidea, Anomura and Brachyura) are recorded from the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf. About 17% (26 species) are new records for the area. The infraorder Brachyura shows the highest species richness with 83 species. The Anomura and Caridea, with 29 and 27 species, respectively, follow. The Thalassinidea is represented by 10 species, whereas Stenopodidea only by one. The species with the highest occurence are ranked as follows: Nanosesarma sarii Naderloo & Türkay, 2009 (Brachyura), Alpheus lobidens De Haan, 1850 (Caridea), Metopograpsus messor (Forskål, 1775) (Brachyura), Coenobita scaevola (Forskål, 1775) (Anomura), Diogenes avarus Heller, 1865 (Anomura), Pilumnopeus convexus Maccagno, 1936 (Brachyura) and Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775) (Brachyura). Among the surveyed habitats, mixed rocky/cobble show the highest diversity with 99 (66%) recorded species, followed by sedimentary muddy-sandy substrates and mangroves with 40 (26%) and 24 species (16%), respectively. The least diverse habitat is sandy beaches with 6 species. The decapod fauna shows a predominance of wide ranging Indo-West Pacific species (43%) and a small degree of endemism (5%). A considerable number of species is restricted to the northwestern Indian Ocean (27%), supporting the presence of a zoogeographical subregion within the western Indian Ocean Province.
Swedish Plectida (Nematoda). Part 2. The genus Antomicron Cobb, 1920
Authors: HOLOVACHOV OLEKSANDR
Published: April 2019

Two new species of Antomicron are described from bottom sediments collected in Gullmarn Fjord, west coast of Sweden.A. quindecimpapillatus sp. n. is particularly characterised by the 1390–1459 µm long body; elongate doughnut-shapedamphid; straight vagina with drop-shaped sclerotizations; female without sensilla in pharyngeal region and without sup-plements; male with two pairs of setiform sensilla in pharyngeal region, 15 tubular and no alveolar supplements, one pairof precloacal and four pairs of caudal setae, 26.0–29.5 µm long spicules. A. lorenzeni sp. n. is particularly characterisedby the 603–676 µm long body; an inverted U-shaped amphid; straight vagina without sclerotizations; female without sen-silla in pharyngeal region and without supplements; male without sensilla in pharyngeal region, two tubular and nine al-veolar supplements, one pair of precloacal and four pairs of caudal setae, 23 µm long spicules. Additional information onthe males of Antomicron pellucidum, A. elegans, A. pratense and A. intermedius is provided. A taxonomic review, tabular compendium and identification key of species of the genus Antomicron are also given.
Two new Peripatopsis species (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae) from the Western Cape province, South Africa
Authors: McDONALD DANE E. , RUHBERG HILKE , DANIELS SAVEL R.
Published: April 2019

A recent study based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA (18SrRNA) gene sequences from the widely distributed Cape velvet worm species Peripatopsis capensis (Grube, 1866) revealed thepresence of three distinct, geographically exclusive clades characterised by marked sequence divergence values. Two of thethree clades were recognised as novel species and are described in the present manuscript. Gross morphology and scanningelectron microscopy (SEM), in conjuction with the genetic data, were used to discriminate the species. Two new species, P.lawrencei sp. nov. and P. overbergiensis sp. nov., are described and compared with P. capensis sensu stricto. The implications of these results on the conservation management are discussed.
Evaluation of the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) Model Using Near-Surface Meteorological and Flux Observations from Northern Alabama
Authors: Lee Temple R. , Buban Michael , Turner David D. , Meyers Tilden P. , Baker C. Bruce
Published: April 2019

The High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model became operational at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) in 2014 but the HRRR’s performance over certain regions of the coterminous United States has not been well studied. In the present study, we evaluated how well version 2 of the HRRR, which became operational at NCEP in August 2016, simulates the near-surface meteorological fields and the surface energy balance at two locations in northern Alabama. We evaluated the 1-, 3-, 6-, 12-, and 18-h HRRR forecasts, as well as the HRRR’s initial conditions (i.e., the 0-h initial fields) using meteorological and flux observations obtained from two 10-m micrometeorological towers installed near Belle Mina and Cullman, Alabama. During the 8-month model evaluation period, from 1 September 2016 to 30 April 2017, we found that the HRRR accurately simulated the observations of near-surface air and dewpoint temperature (R2 > 0.95). When comparing the HRRR output with the observed sensible, latent, and ground heat flux at both sites, we found that the agreement was weaker (R2 ≈ 0.7), and the root-mean-square errors were much larger than those found for the near-surface meteorological variables. These findings help motivate the need for additional work to improve the representation of surface fluxes and their coupling to the atmosphere in future versions of the HRRR to be more physically realistic.
From A (Aggression) to V (Victimization): Peer Status and Adjustment Among Academically Gifted Students in Early Adolescence
Authors: Peairs Kristen F. , Putallaz Martha , Costanzo Philip R.
Published: April 2019

Peer status is an important indicator and predictor of adjustment. While gifted children tend to enjoy favorable peer status, their social functioning during adolescence is less clear. The current study seeks to enhance this understanding by examining both preference- and reputation-based peer status of gifted adolescents. Peer nominations were used to assess the peer status, aggression, victimization, and prosocial leadership of 327 public school seventh graders (44% male; 42% White). School records provided giftedness information, course grade, and standardized test scores, and substance use was self-reported. Gifted students were viewed as less aggressive and more prosocial and had higher academic achievement than nonidentified students. Giftedness moderated the peer status–adjustment relationship. Rejection related to higher victimization and test scores, but these associations were most exaggerated for gifted students. Popularity positively related to aggression and substance use; however, the associations were greatly attenuated for gifted students. Findings underscore the heterogeneity of gifted adolescents’ social experiences.
Smart elastomeric hydrogel of polyacrylamide containing nanosized barium ferrite and graphene oxide
Authors: Mordina Bablu , Kumar Rudra , Setua Dipak K , Sharma Ashutosh
Published: April 2019

Smart elastomeric hydrogels based on polyacrylamide containing ferrimagnetic nanoparticles of BaFe12O19 alone or a combination of BaFe12O19 and graphene oxide were synthesized. An improvised sample preparation technique was evolved to design actuators, where the hydrogel samples in rolls form were inserted into cut pieces of hard plastic sleeve in order to fabricate a lab-level actuator. The magneto-responsive actuation behaviour was measured by applying an external magnetic field with the help of a hand-held square type of NdFeB magnet. While the sample containing only 20 wt% BaFe12O19 exhibited only 15 mm deflection at threshold magnetic field of 28 mT, the deflection was significantly enhanced up to 23 mm for the sample containing 1 wt% GO and 20 wt% BaFe12O19 at a threshold magnetic field of 36.7 mT. Up to 20 wt% BaFe12O19, the hydrogels showed a heterogeneous dispersion of large-sized BaFe12O19 clusters and addition of a small percentage, e.g. 1% of GO resulted in significant improvement in the homogeneity of dispersion as well as reduction of the scale of the BaFe12O19 clusters. The saturation magnetization value of the hydrogels was also improved by 50–75% due to the addition of 1 wt% GO with 20 wt% BaFe12O19.
Evaluation of the physical, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of steam-cured PET/polyester cured-in-place pipe
Authors: Nuruddin Md , P. Mendis Gamini , Ra Kyungyeon , Sendesi Seyedeh Mahboobeh Teimouri , Futch Tyler , Goodsell Johnathan , Whelton Andrew J , Youngblood Jeffrey P , Howarter John A
Published: April 2019

Cured-in-place pipe (CIPP), a popular trenchless technology, has gained wide attention for drinking water, sewerage and storm water pipe rehabilitation because of its ease of installation. Here, the physical and thermal properties of steam-cured PET felt/polyester resin CIPPs were studied. 1H NMR and GC-MS analysis was performed to identify the unreacted volatile organic compounds in cured CIPPs and results were compared to uncured resin and laboratory cured liner characterizations. Results indicated that organic chemicals in cured CIPP altered the mechanical properties and may be leached out with water. Significantly, lower porosity, density and amount of unreacted volatile organic compounds were much less in the CIPP's inner layer as compared to its outer layer. Water conditioning was conducted to investigate the influence of water on CIPP physical and mechanical properties. No changes were observed for density and porosity for either the CIPP's inner and outer layer; however, the flexural modulus increased slightly due to unreacted organic chemical leaching from the CIPPs.
Developing a novel antibacterial dental resin composite with improved properties
Authors: Wen Xin , Almousa Rashed , Anderson Gregory G , Xie Dong
Published: April 2019

A novel antibacterial resin composite has been developed and evaluated. Glycerol dimethacrylate was derivatized to have an antibacterial moiety attached and incorporated to a conventional resin composite formulation. Compressive strength and bacterial viability were used to evaluate the modified resin composites. Results showed that the modified resin composites showed a significantly enhanced antibacterial activity along with improved mechanical and physical properties. It was found that bromine-containing resin composite showed a higher antibacterial activity than its chlorine-containing counterpart. The modified resin composites showed an increase of 37–41% in yield strength, 23–27% in modulus, 9–15% in diametral tensile strength and 5–12% in flexural strength and a decrease of 35–69% in bacterial viability, 20–37% in water sorption, 7–12% in shrinkage and 7–10% in compressive strength, as compared to unmodified resin composite. Within the limitations of this study, the modified resin composite may potentially be developed into a clinically useful dental restorative since it demonstrated good mechanical strengths and potent antibacterial function.
Stress analysis of a plain orthogonally woven textile composite under tension along the warp direction
Authors: Keith Ballard M , Whitcomb John D
Published: April 2019

A non-idealized finite element model of a plain orthogonally woven textile composite was subjected to tension along the warp direction, and the predicted stress state was investigated. The effect of refining the geometry and mesh on the volume average stresses and the percentage of each constituent at different stress levels was explored. For the particular textile architecture considered, which consisted of large reinforcement tows and complex tow cross sections, it was shown that the typical mesh refinement in the literature might suffice for volume average stresses, but a higher mesh refinement is needed to accurately capture stress concentrations. The locations of stress concentrations within each constituent were identified. For the three types of tows, [Formula: see text], transverse normal stress in the local coordinate system, in the wefts was predicted to be the most severe component of stress. For the layers of wefts that are crossed over or under by a binder, stress concentrations developed where the warps were the most distorted. Whereas, for the interior layer of wefts, stress concentrations developed where a binder came closest to the weft. In the matrix, [Formula: see text], the normal stress in the direction of the load, concentrations developed where a binder came close to a warp or weft. The locations of peak cross-sectionally averaged stresses along the tow paths were shown to match the locations of local stress concentrations. However, it was observed that many of the stress concentrations might be sensitive to the method used to create the finite element model, boundary conditions, or accounting for the variation of local fiber-volume fraction that results from a variation of cross-sectional area.
Living Alone Together: Individualized Collectivism in Swedish Communal Housing
Authors: Törnqvist Maria
Published: April 2019

In this study, situated in urban Stockholm, communal housing stands out as highly individualized. The residents positively appraise their way of living, not primarily for values related to collective solidarity, but for enabling autonomy, privacy and easy exits. Rather than theorizing this as a contradiction, communal housing is framed as a case of individualized collectivism, a belonging structure that is evaluated for fostering interpersonal relations with a high degree of independency. The article discusses the notion of Swedish state individualism as an explanatory backdrop and argues that it is the existence of a collective frame – in the shape of a historically embedded welfare program and an everyday housing platform – that enables the residents to sustain their individualized lives. Through an analysis of the residents’ negotiations around self and solidarity, autonomy and dependency, communal housing unfolds as an everyday response to a widespread tension between individualized societies and people’s search for community.
Influence of artificial thermal ageing on polyester-reinforced and polyvinyl chloride coated AF9032 technical fabric
Authors: Klosowski Pawel , Zerdzicki Krzysztof , Woznica Krzysztof
Published: April 2019

The presented work deals with the thermal ageing evaluation for polyester-reinforced and polyvinyl chloride coated fabrics. The architectural fabric AF9032 was exposed to artificial thermal ageing by subjecting the material samples to temperature levels of 80℃ and 90℃ for up to 12 weeks. The mechanical properties of the aged fabric have been separately described by the identified linear piecewise model (with assumption of the elastic behavior) and by the Bodner–Partom model (with assumption of the viscoplastic behavior). The evolution of the obtained parameter values for various ageing temperatures and over ageing periods have been approximated by linear functions achieving a good convergence. The simplified methodology of Arrhenius has been incorporated for the extrapolation of functions obtained for 90℃ and consequently used for ageing analysis. For the fill direction, the lines describing evolution of the mechanical parameters over ageing time coincide fully with the ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break and are parallel for the Bodner–Partom model parameters ([Formula: see text]) when comparing results for 80° and 90℃. For the warp direction, the obtained lines concerning mechanical properties and Bodner–Partom parameters exhibit different tendencies (increasing or decreasing) for both temperatures. Thus, the ageing evaluation according to the Arrhenius law has been confirmed by the obtained results only for the fill direction.
Factors Affecting the Choice of National and Public Hospitals Among Outpatient Service Users in South Korea
Authors: Gil Mi-Ryeong , Choi Cheon Geun
Published: April 2019

The present study analyzed factors underlying outpatient service users’ choice of national and public (rather than private) hospitals. Based on Andersen’s Behavioral Model, we developed a framework that covered needs, enabling, and personal factors. Data of outpatient service usage were obtained from the Korean medical panel survey during 2008 to 2013. Logistic regression analyses were conducted, and results revealed that the rate of national and public hospital use was very low (5.57%), and our model adequately explained variance in service use. Specifically, several demographic factors—older age, low income, national merit and medical care, being chronically ill, and having a disability—were predictive of whether an individual is likely to choose national and public hospitals. We discuss the need to strengthen national and public hospitals’ medical services in order to better manage care for low-income vulnerable groups.
Can Symptoms Differentiate Between Chronic Adenoiditis and Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Purnell Phillip R. , Ramadan Jad H. , Ramadan Hassan H.
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this article is to differentiate pediatric patients with chronic adenoiditis from those with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) based on presenting symptoms. A chart review from a tertiary care facility with pediatric patients who presented with suspected CRS from 2006 to 2014 was identified. We compared patient characteristics, clinical symptoms, duration of symptoms, and past medial history using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Based on recent literature, utilizing the computed tomography (CT) score, we identified those children with CRS versus those with chronic adenoiditis. Of the 99 pediatric patients included, 22 patients had diagnosis of adenoiditis and 77 had diagnosis of CRS. When purulent rhinorrhea was present with facial pain, CRS was statistically more prevalent than chronic adenoiditis ( P = .017). Symptoms including cough ( P = .022), rhinorrhea ( P = .27), and facial pressure ( P = .98) were not predictive of one diagnosis over the other. Past medical history of asthma or allergy was similar in both groups. Smoke exposure was associated with CT scores >5 (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval, 0.799-7.182). We conclude that purulent rhinorrhea in the presence of facial pain is more indicative of CRS versus chronic adenoiditis. For all other children, an adenoidectomy without the need for a CT scan can be entertained.
Understanding online anonymity
Authors: Sardá Thais , Natale Simone , Sotirakopoulos Nikos , Monaghan Mark
Published: April 2019

Whenever we navigate the Web, we leave a trace through our IP address, which can in turn be used to establish our identity – for instance, by cross-checking it with a user’s Internet subscription. By using software such as VPN and Tor, however, it might be possible to avoid leaving such traces. A lively debate among policymakers, security professionals, hacker communities, and human rights associations has recently ensued regarding the question if such anonymity is acceptable and in which form. This article introduces the Crosscurrent special section dedicated to this topic by providing a brief overview of this debate and by pointing to the necessity of considering online anonymity from multiple, interrelated perspectives. By taking into account both technical and social dimensions, we argue that online anonymity should not be conceptualized in absolute terms but as an inherently fluid and transitional condition that characterizes any kind of social interaction online.
Exploring dual gender typicality among young adults in the United States
Authors: Andrews Naomi C. Z. , Martin Carol Lynn , Cook Rachel E. , Field Ryan D. , England Dawn E.
Published: April 2019

The goal of the current study was to better understand the development of gender typicality in young adulthood by applying the dual-identity approach to gender typicality, previously developed with children, to a university sample. Participants ( n = 215, Mage = 20.20 years; 62% female) were asked to rate their perceived similarity to both own- and other-gender peers. They also completed questionnaires assessing sexist attitudes, internalized sexualization (females), adherence to male-typed behaviors in the context of interpersonal relationships (males; adherence to physical toughness and restrictive emotional expressivity), gender-based relationship efficacy, friendships, self-esteem, social self-efficacy, and social anxiety. Results indicated that self-perceived gender typicality involves comparisons to both gender groups, and that meaningful typologies can be created based on similarity to own- and other-gender groups. As with children, results indicated that identifying with one’s own gender was advantageous in terms of low social anxiety and relationships with own-gender peers. For adults who identified with both own- and other-gender peers, we identified additional social benefits (i.e., efficacy and friendships with other-gender peers). Further, we identified a downside to own-gender typicality: individuals who identified only with their own gender had more sexist attitudes than those who identified with the other gender. Findings support the viability of the dual-identity approach in young adults, and have implications for researchers assessing gender typicality across development.
Gender-identity typologies are related to gender-typing, friendships, and social-emotional adjustment in Dutch emerging adults
Authors: Endendijk Joyce J. , Andrews Naomi C. Z. , England Dawn E. , Martin Carol L.
Published: April 2019

The current study examined emerging adults’ gender identity and its link with several gender-related and social outcomes, by using a novel dual-identity approach that was originally developed in children. Dutch emerging adults between 18 and 25 years old ( N = 318, Mage = 21.73, SD = 2.02; 51% female) indicated their similarity to the own-gender group and the other-gender group to assess gender identity. They completed questionnaires assessing gender-typed behavior (internalized sexualization, toughness, emotional stoicism) and attitudes (i.e., sexism); friendship efficacy and ability; and social-emotional adjustment. Cluster analysis on the gender-identity items revealed four gender-identity types: (a) feeling similar to one’s own gender, but not to the other gender (Own-GS); (b) feeling similar to both one’s own and the other gender (Both-GS); (c) feeling dissimilar to one’s own gender (Low-Own-GS); and (d) feeling similar to neither gender (Low-GS). Own-GS and Low-GS adults were most gender-typed in their behavior and showed sexist attitudes. Both-GS adults felt efficacious and were highly able to relate to both genders, whereas the other groups felt efficacious and were able to relate to only one gender (Own-GS, Low-Own-GS), or to neither gender (Low-GS). Low-Own-GS and Low-GS were least well-adjusted social-emotionally. Findings suggest that identifying with one’s own gender is helpful for certain aspects of social-emotional adjustment but that also identifying with the other gender provides the advantage of flexible social and interpersonal skills and egalitarian gender attitudes.
Using tissue glues for decreasing alveolar air leak in thoracic surgery
Authors: Allama Amr M , Abd Elaziz Montaser E
Published: April 2019

Background

Prolonged air leak is one of the most annoying complications after pulmonary surgery. Studies have shown that patients with more intraoperative air leaks are at higher risk of developing prolonged postoperative air leak. Various types of sealants have been used effectively for decreasing intraoperative alveolar air leak. We decided to compare 3 sealants to determine which was best.

Methods

This was a prospective nonrandomized study that included 120 patients undergoing pulmonary surgical procedures associated with intraoperative air leak. They were divided into 4 equal groups. In the first group, no sealant was used. Glubran 2 sealant was used in the second group, BioGlue in the third, and TachoSil in the fourth.

Results

Preoperative and intraoperative data showed no significant differences among groups, except age which was significantly older in the BioGlue group. Air leak duration and tube duration were significantly shorter in the sealant groups, separately and collectively. No significant difference was found among groups regarding total tube drainage. Also, no significant difference was found between the no-sealant and sealant groups collectively regarding the incidence of postoperative complications, but the BioGlue group had a significantly lower incidence of postoperative complications compared to the no-sealant group. Postoperative hospital stay was significantly shorter in the sealant groups, separately and collectively.

Conclusion

Our results support the use of sealants for decreasing alveolar air leak. They were easily used in a short time with no significant superiority of one sealant over the others, except for a lower incidence of postoperative complications with BioGlue.