bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment response to esketamine nasal spray in patients with major depressive disorder and acute suicidal ideation or behavior without evidence of early response: a pooled post hoc analysis of ASPIRE
Authors: Turkoz Ibrahim , Lopena Oliver , Salvadore Giacomo , Sanacora Gerard , Shelton Richard , Fu Dong-Jing
Published: July 2022

Objective

To assess the likelihood of attaining response/remission of depressive symptoms with esketamine nasal spray (ESK) plus standard of care (SoC) vs placebo nasal spray (PBO) plus SoC at 4 weeks in patients with major depressive disorder and active suicidal ideation with intent (MDSI) without early response.

Methods

A post hoc analysis of pooled data from ASPIRE I and ASPIRE II evaluated ESK plus SoC vs PBO plus SoC in adults with MDSI without response (≥50% improvement from baseline in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] score) at 24 hours after the first dose or at week 1 after the first two doses (ie, 24-hour and week 1 nonresponders). Response and remission (MADRS score ≤ 12) rates were assessed on day 25.

Results

The analysis included 362 patients (n = 182, ESK plus SoC; n = 180, PBO plus SoC). Among 24-hour nonresponders, more patients receiving ESK plus SoC vs PBO plus SoC achieved response (63.9% vs 48.0%, P = .010) and remission (35.1% vs 24.4%, P = .074) at day 25. Odds of response/remission were higher with ESK plus SoC vs PBO plus SoC (response: 1.89, 95% CI, 1.17-3.05; remission: 1.48, 95% CI, 0.93-2.35). Similar findings were observed among week 1 nonresponders for response (48.4% vs 34.5%, P = .075), remission (25.0% vs 13.1%, P = .060), and odds of response/remission (response: 2.03, 95% CI, 1.22-3.40; remission: 1.63, 95% CI, 1.01-2.62).

Conclusions

Patients with MDSI not responding within the first week of treatment with ESK plus SoC may still benefit from a full 4-week treatment course.
Association of serum and erythrocyte zinc levels with breastfeeding and complementary feeding in preterm and term infants
Authors: Azevedo-Silva Talita Rodrigues , Vivi Anna Caroline Pereira , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , Lebrão Cibele Wolf , Strufaldi Maria Wany Louzada , Sarni Roseli Oselka Saccardo , Suano-Souza Fabíola Isabel
Published: July 2022

Zinc is an important nutrient involved in cell division, physical growth, and immune system function. Most studies evaluating the nutritional status related to zinc and prematurity were conducted with hospitalized preterm infants. These studies show controversial results regarding the prevalence of deficiency, clinical implications, and the effect of zinc supplementation on mortality, infectious diseases, and growth in these groups. This study aimed to compare serum and erythrocyte zinc levels in a group of preterm and full-term infants after 9 months of age, and related the zinc levels to dietary intake and anthropometric indicators in both groups. This cross-sectional study compared 43 preterm infants (24 to 33 weeks) aged 9–24 months to 47 full-term healthy infants. Outcome measures: anthropometric indicators and dietary intake. Blood sample for serum and erythrocyte zinc levels (ICP-MS, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry). There was no difference between the groups regarding the mean of serum and erythrocyte zinc. Variables associated with higher serum zinc levels were breastfeeding at evaluation (β = 20.11 µg/dL, 95% CI 9.62–30.60, p < 0.001) and the later introduction of solid foods (β = 6.6 µg/dL, 95% CI 5.3–11.4, p < 0.001). Breastfeeding was also associated with higher erythrocyte zinc levels. The zinc levels were adequate in both groups, there was no association with anthropometric indicators or dietary intake and were slightly influenced by breastfeeding and time of solid food introduction.
Interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit zwischen diplomierten Pflegefachpersonen der ambulanten Pflege und Hausärzt_innen
Authors: Weiss Johanna , Hof Bernadette , Burkhalter Hanna
Published: July 2022

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die Qualität und Wirksamkeit der Arbeit diplomierter Pflegefachpersonen und Ärzt_innen im stationären Setting wird maßgeblich von der Interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit (IPZ) beeinflusst. Zur IPZ in der ambulant häuslichen Grundversorgung fehlt Wissen. Ziel: Im Aufzeigen der Unterschiede zwischen stationär und ambulant sollen die Herausforderungen der IPZ für den ambulanten Bereich deutlich werden. Methode: Die Datensammlung zu dieser Arbeit erfolgte in interprofessionellen Gruppendiskussionen. Die Daten wurden methodisch durch Knowledge Mapping sowie die strukturierende Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz (2018) extrahiert. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit der Meta-Matrix zur interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit im stationären Bereich von Schärli et al. (2017) verglichen. Ergebnisse: Die qualitative Analyse zeigte, dass die ambulante IPZ von Diplom-Pflegefachpersonen und Hausärzt_innen durch strukturelle Gegebenheiten gefordert ist, welche im stationären Bereich durch die Organisationsform gegeben sind. Fehlende Vereinbarungen und Abstimmung der Abläufe erschweren die IPZ in der ambulanten Gesundheitsversorgung, da es keine anerkannte gemeinsame Führungsstruktur gibt. Schlussfolgerungen: Damit IPZ im ambulanten Setting nicht von individuellem Engagement einzelner Personen abhängig ist, müssen Diplom-Pflegefachpersonen und Hausärzt_innen gemeinsam Kriterien ihrer IPZ festlegen, Abläufe und Kommunikationswege definieren sowie eine gemeinsame Haltung und einen Teamgeist entwickeln.
Longitudinal trajectories of cortical development in 22q11.2 copy number variants and typically developing controls
Authors: Jalbrzikowski Maria , Lin Amy , Vajdi Ariana , Grigoryan Vardui , Kushan Leila , Ching Christopher R. K. , Schleifer Charles , Hayes Rebecca A. , Chu Stephanie A. , Sugar Catherine A. , Forsyth Jennifer K. , Bearden Carrie E.
Published: July 2022

Probing naturally-occurring, reciprocal genomic copy number variations (CNVs) may help us understand mechanisms that underlie deviations from typical brain development. Cross-sectional studies have identified prominent reductions in cortical surface area (SA) and increased cortical thickness (CT) in 22q11.2 deletion carriers (22qDel), with the opposite pattern in duplication carriers (22qDup), but the longitudinal trajectories of these anomalies—and their relationship to clinical symptomatology—are unknown. Here, we examined neuroanatomic changes within a longitudinal cohort of 261 22q11.2 CNV carriers and demographically-matched typically developing (TD) controls (84 22qDel, 34 22qDup, and 143 TD; mean age 18.35, ±10.67 years; 50.47% female). A total of 431 magnetic resonance imaging scans (164 22qDel, 59 22qDup, and 208 TD control scans; mean interscan interval = 20.27 months) were examined. Longitudinal FreeSurfer analysis pipelines were used to parcellate the cortex and calculate average CT and SA for each region. First, general additive mixed models (GAMMs) were used to identify regions with between-group differences in developmental trajectories. Secondly, we investigated whether these trajectories were associated with clinical outcomes. Developmental trajectories of CT were more protracted in 22qDel relative to TD and 22qDup. 22qDup failed to show normative age-related SA decreases. 22qDel individuals with psychosis spectrum symptoms showed two distinct periods of altered CT trajectories relative to 22qDel without psychotic symptoms. In contrast, 22q11.2 CNV carriers with autism spectrum diagnoses showed early alterations in SA trajectories. Collectively, these results provide new insights into altered neurodevelopment in 22q11.2 CNV carriers, which may shed light on neural mechanisms underlying distinct clinical outcomes.
Translation and validation of the EORTC QLQ-BR45 among Ethiopian breast cancer patients
Authors: Getu Mikiyas Amare , Wang Panpan , Kantelhardt Eva Johanna , Seife Edom , Chen Changying , Addissie Adamu
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the EORTC QLQ-BR45 questionnaire among breast cancer patients in Ethiopia. This study included 248 breast cancer patients who completed the QLQ-BR45 and QLQ-C30 questionnaires. The internal reliability, test–retest reliability, and the content, concurrent, convergent, divergent, and clinical validity of the tool were examined. The statistical analyses included Cronbach’s α coefficient, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, standardised root mean square residual (SRMR), comparative fit index (CFI), t-test, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). All items were marked as relevant, and item-level content validity index (I-CVI) scores ranged from 0.83 to 1. The S-CVI/Ave was calculated by dividing the sum of I-CVI values by the total number of items, which was found to be 0.94. The average CVR value was 0.76. The Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.80 for all domains. All subscales met the minimal standards of reliability except the arm symptom scale (0.66). The test–retest reliability coefficient was 0.77 for all domains. Seven out of the 12 hypothesised scales showed positive correlations (r > 0.40) between the QLQ-BR45 and QLQ-C30 scales. Multitrait scaling analysis showed that the item-scale correlations exceeded the 0.40 criterion for item-convergent validity for 11 of the 12 hypothesised scales. The correlation coefficients between an item and its own subscale were significantly higher than with other subscales. The EORTC QLQ-BR45 had good reliability and validity, and it can be used to measure the quality of life of breast cancer patients in Ethiopia.
Paternal age impairs in vitro embryo and in vivo fetal development in murine
Authors: Stábile Larissa Araújo , Mendes Camilla Mota , Goissis Marcelo Demarchi , Sousa Raphaela Gabrielle Brito , Nichi Marcílio , Visintin José Antônio , Hamilton Thais Rose dos Santos , Assumpção Mayra Elena Ortiz D’ Ávila
Published: July 2022

The association between advanced paternal age and impaired reproductive outcomes is still controversial. Several studies relate decrease in semen quality, impaired embryo/fetal development and offspring health to increased paternal age. However, some retrospective studies observed no alterations on both seminal status and reproductive outcomes in older men. Such inconsistency may be due to the influence of intrinsic and external factors, such as genetics, race, diet, social class, lifestyle and obvious ethical issues that may bias the assessment of reproductive status in humans. The use of the murine model enables prospective study and owes the establishment of homogeneous and controlled groups. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of paternal age on in vitro embryo development at 4.5 day post conception and on in vivo fetal development at 16 days of gestation. Murine females (2–4 months of age) were mated with young (4–6 months of age) or senile (18–24 months of age) males. We observed decreased in vitro cleavage, blastocyst, and embryo development rates; lighter and shorter fetuses in the senile compared to the young group. This study indicated that advanced paternal age negatively impacts subsequent embryo and fetal development.
Thalamic volumetric abnormalities in type 1 diabetes mellitus and ‘peripheral’ neuropathy
Authors: Novo João L. , Ruas José J. , Ferreira Leonardo M. , Carvalho Davide , Barbosa Margarida , Brandão Sofia , de Bastos-Leite António José
Published: July 2022

We hypothesized that thalamic volumes of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and nonpainful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) would be reduced relative to thalamic volumes of patients with type 1 DM and painful DPN. We calculated the standardized thalamic volumetric difference between these groups in a pilot sample to obtain a statistical power of 80% at a 5% significance level. Hence, we measured thalamic volumes from 15 patients with nonpainful DPN (10 women, mean age = 49 years, standard deviation [SD] = 11.5) and from 13 patients with painful DPN (8 women, mean age = 43 years, SD = 12.5) by using a manual segmentation approach. A volumetric difference of approximately 15% was found between the nonpainful (mean = 5072 mm3, SD = 528.1) and painful (mean = 5976 mm3, SD = 643.1) DPN groups (P < 0.001). Curiously, a volumetric difference between the left (mean = 5198 mm3, SD = 495.0) and the right (mean = 4946 mm3, SD = 590.6) thalamus was also found in patients with nonpainful DPN (P < 0.01), but not in patients with painful DPN (P = 0.97). Patients with nonpainful DPN have lower thalamic volumes than those with painful DPN, especially in the right thalamus.
Dispersive solid phase microextraction based on magnesium oxide nanoparticles for preconcentration of auramine O and methylene blue from water samples
Authors: Li Weidong , Qiu Jianping , Baharinikoo Leila , Kumar T. CH. Anil , Al-qargholi Basim , Shafik Shafik S. , Abbass Reathab , Saraswat Shelesh krishna
Published: July 2022

In this study, we investigated the process of preconcentrate and determine trace amounts of Auramine O (AO) and methylene blue (MB) dyes in environmental water samples. For this purpose, the ultrasound-assisted dispersive-magnetic nanocomposites-solid-phase microextraction (UA-DMNSPME) method was performed to extract AO and MB from aqueous samples by applying magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs). The proposed technique is low-cost, facile, fast, and compatible with many existing instrumental methods. Parameters affecting the extraction of AO and MB were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Short extraction time, low experimental tests, low consumption of organic solvent, low limits of detection (LOD), and high preconcentration factor (PF) was the advantages of method. The PF was 44.5, and LOD for AO and MB was 0.33 ng mL−1 and 1.66 ng mL−1, respectively. The linear range of this method for AO and MB were 1–1000 ng mL−1 and 5–2000 ng mL−1, respectively. In addition, the relative standard deviation (RSD; n = 5) of the mentioned analytes was between 2.9% and 3.1%. The adsorption–desorption studies showed that the efficiency of adsorbent extraction had not declined significantly up to 6 recycling runs, and the adsorbent could be used several times. The interference studies revealed that the presence of different ions did not interfere substantially with the extraction and determination of AO and MB. Therefore, UA-DMNSPME-UV/Vis method can be proposed as an efficient method for preconcentration and extraction of AO and MB from water and wastewater samples.
Modulation of rumen bacterial community and feed utilization in camel and sheep using combined supplementation of live yeast and microalgae
Authors: Rabee Alaa Emara , Younan Boshra R. , Kewan Khalid Z. , Sabra Ebrahim A. , Lamara Mebarek
Published: July 2022

The combination of live yeast and microalgae as feed supplementation could improve rumen fermentation and animal productivity. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a mixture of (YA) yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and microalgae (Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris) as feed supplementation on feed intake, rumen disappearance of barley straw, bacteria, and fermentation, blood parameters of camels and sheep. Three fistulated camels and three fistulated rams were fed a concentrates mixture and ad libitum barley straw as a basal diet alone or supplemented with YA mixture. The dietary supplementation improved the feed intake, rumen disappearance of barley straw nutrients, and the blood immunity parameters. The YA supplementation affected rumen fermentation as well as the composition and diversity of rumen bacteria; however, the response to the supplementation varied according to animal species. Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) separated bacterial communities based on animal species and feeding treatment. Phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominated the bacterial community; and the dominant genera were Prevotella, RC9_gut_group, Butyrivibrio, Ruminococcus, Saccharofermentans, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and Succiniclasticum. Our results suggest positive impacts of YA supplementation in rumen fermentation and animal performance.
Most plant-based meat alternative buyers also buy meat: an analysis of household demographics, habit formation, and buying behavior among meat alternative buyers
Authors: Neuhofer Zachary T. , Lusk Jayson L.
Published: July 2022

The promise of novel plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) to lessen the health and environmental impacts of meat consumption ultimately depend on market acceptance and the extent to which they displace meat in consumers’ diets. We use household scanner data to provide an in-depth analysis of consumers’ PBMA buying behaviors. PBMAs buyers tend to be young, single, female, college educated, employed, higher income, and non-white. About 20% of consumers purchased a PBMA at least once, and 12% purchased a PBMA on multiple occasions. About 2.79% of households only purchased PBMAs. About 86% of PBMA buyers also bought ground meat; however, PBMA buyers spent about 13% less on ground meat. Interestingly, after a household’s first PBMA purchase, ground meat consumption did not fall. The number of households buying a PBMA for the first time fell over the two year period studied, despite the increase in market share in the ground meat market.
Vaccinia virus H7-protein is required for the organization of the viral scaffold protein into hexamers
Authors: Tonnemacher Susanne , Folly-Klan Marcia , Gazi Anastasia D. , Schäfer Simon , Pénard Esthel , Eberle Regina , Kunz Renate , Walther Paul , Krijnse Locker Jacomine
Published: July 2022

Viruses of the giant virus family are characterized by a structurally conserved scaffold-capsid protein that shapes the icosahedral virion. The vaccinia virus (VACV) scaffold protein D13, however, transiently shapes the newly assembled viral membrane in to a sphere and is absent from the mature brick-shaped virion. In infected cells D13, a 62 kDa polypeptide, forms trimers that arrange in hexamers and a honey-comb like lattice. Membrane association of the D13-lattice may be mediated by A17, an abundant 21 kDa viral membrane protein. Whether membrane binding mediates the formation of the honey-comb lattice or if other factors are involved, remains elusive. Here we show that H7, a 17 kDa protein conserved among poxviruses, mediates proper formation of D13-hexamers, and hence the honey comb lattice and spherical immature virus. Without H7 synthesis D13 trimers assemble into a large 3D network rather than the typical well organized scaffold layer observed in wild-type infection, composed of short D13 tubes of discrete length that are tightly associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The data show an unexpected role for H7 in D13 organization and imply that formation of the honey-comb, hexagonal, lattice is essential for VACV membrane assembly and production of infectious progeny. The data are discussed with respect to scaffold proteins of other giant viruses.
Potentilla chinensis aqueous extract attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rat model
Authors: Juszczak Kajetan , Adamowicz Jan , Zapała Łukasz , Kluz Tomasz , Adamczyk Przemysław , Wdowiak Artur , Bojar Iwona , Misiek Marcin , Grzybowska Magdalena Emilia , Stangel-Wójcikiewicz Klaudia , Poleszak Ewa , Pokrywczyńska Marta , Drewa Tomasz , Wróbel Andrzej
Published: July 2022

Cyclophosphamide (CYP) damages all mucosal defence lines and induces hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) leading to detrusor overactivity. Patients who undergo combined chemio-radiotherapy are at higher risk of HC. Potentilla chinensis extract (PCE) prevent oxidative stress-dependent diseases. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of PCE on urinary bladder function in CYP-induced HC in preclinical study. 60 rats were divided into 4 groups, as follows: I—control, II—rats with CYP-induced HC, III—rats received PCE in dose of 500 mg/kg, and IV—rats with CYP-induced HC which received PCE in dose of 500 mg/kg. PCE or vehicle were administered orally for 14 days. The cystometry was performed 3 days after the last dose of the PCE. Next, urothelium thickness and oedema measurement and biochemical analyses were performed. Cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis. PCE had no influence on the urinary bladder function and micturition cycles in normal rats. PCE diminished the severity of CYP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. In the urothelium the cyclophosphamide induced the elevation of CGRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, OTC3, NIT, and MAL. Also, the level of T-H protein, HB-EGF, and ZO1 was decreased. Moreover, the level of ROCK1 and VAChT in detrusor muscle increased. cyclophosphamide caused an increased concentration of BDNF and NGF in the urine. In turn, PCE in cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis caused a reversal of the described biochemical changes within urothelium, detrusor muscle and urine. PCE attenuates detrusor overactivity. In conclusion, our results revealed that PCE attenuates detrusor overactivity in case of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. The potential properties of PCE appear to be important in terms of preventing of oxidative stress-dependent dysfunction of urinary bladder. PCE may become a potential supportive treatment in patient to whom cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy is used.
Plant-derived tormentic acid alters the gut microbiota of the silkworm (Bombyx mori)
Authors: Bay Veysel , Gür Seray , Bayraktar Oğuz
Published: July 2022

In recent years, phytochemicals have started to attract more attention due to their contribution to health and bioactivity. Microorganisms in the intestines of organisms contribute to the processing, function, and biotransformation of these substances. The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is one of the organisms used for the biotransformation of phytochemicals due to its controlled reproduction and liability to microbial manipulation. In this study, a bioactive compound, tormentic acid (TA), extracted from Sarcopoterium spinosum was used in the silkworm diet, and the alterations of intestinal microbiota of the silkworm were assessed. To do this, silkworms were fed on a diet with various tormentic acid content, and 16S metagenomic analysis was performed to determine the alterations in the gut microbiota profile of these organisms. Diet with different TA content did not cause a change in the bacterial diversity of the samples. A more detailed comparison between different feeding groups indicated increased abundance of bacteria associated with health, i.e., Intestinibacter spp., Flavonifractor spp., Senegalimassilia spp., through the utilization of bioactive substances such as flavonoids. In conclusion, it might be said that using TA as a supplementary product might help ameliorate the infected gut, promote the healthy gut, and relieve the undesirable effects of medicines on the gastrointestinal system.
Binder-free hierarchical zeolite pellets and monoliths derived from ZSM-5@LDHs composites for bioethanol dehydration to ethylene
Authors: Rodaum Chadatip , Klinyod Sorasak , Nunthakitgoson Watinee , Chaipornchalerm Peeranat , Liwatthananukul Natthawoot , Iadrat Ploychanok , Wattanakit Chularat
Published: July 2022

The development of industrial catalysts is of crucial importance for practical uses. However, the use of extruded catalysts in industry is still limited because of a remarkably decreased catalytic activity when combining them with binders.
Recent advancements in visible-light-driven carboxylation with carbon dioxide
Authors: Mao Ben , Wei Jun-Sheng , Shi Min
Published: July 2022

This minireview highlights recent advancements within the last three years (since 2020) in visible-light-driven carboxylation of diverse organic motifs with CO2.
Halogen-induced core structural evolution of four dinuclear copper(i) luminescent coordination compounds
Authors: Li Na , Tan Chunhong , Feng Yi , Cheng Lu , Cao Meng , Sun Yunkai , Wang Xiao-Feng
Published: July 2022

Four luminescent di-copper(i) coordination complexes have been prepared and characterized, which reveal two kinds of Cu2-core structural configurations induced by differently sized halogen anions.
Effects of ice and supercooled water on the metastability of methane hydrate: DSC analysis and MD simulations
Authors: Sun Ronghui , Fan Zhen , Li Kehan , Yang Mingjun , Song Yongchen
Published: July 2022

The thermal stability and metastable decomposition behaviors of methane hydrate samples are investigated by a thermoanalytical DSC method; MD simulations provide potential microscopic insights into the interfaces corresponding to the metastability.
Stress induced delamination of suspended MoS2 in aqueous environments
Authors: Macha Michal , Thakur Mukeshchand , Radenovic Aleksandra , Marion Sanjin
Published: July 2022

Mechanical and electrical stress can lead to the temporary and permanent 2D membrane delamination and consequent strong mechanosensitive modulation of ion transport measured in situ.
Selection and characterisation of bioreceptors to develop nanoparticle-based lateral-flow immunoassays in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak
Authors: Hu Liming , Calucho Enric , Fuentes-Chust Celia , Parolo Claudio , Idili Andrea , Álvarez-Diduk Ruslan , Rivas Lourdes , Merkoçi Arben
Published: July 2022

Selection of bioreceptors is a resource- and time-consuming process that holds back the highly demanded implementation of rapid tests in emergency situations.
Interconnected MoS2/FeCo2S4 nanosheet array bifunctional electrocatalysts grown on carbon cloth for efficient overall water splitting
Authors: Shen Jiaying , Zhang Jilai , Zhang Guannan , Li Wenhua , Zheng Meng , Guo Fengye , Chen Qianqiao
Published: July 2022

Seeking and designing low-cost and efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts to replace the traditional Pt and IrO2 catalysts is significant for the development of overall water splitting.
Unipolar 1-phenylimidazo[1,5-a]pyridine: a new class of ultra-bright sky-blue emitters for solution-processed organic light emitting diodes
Authors: Girase Jaipal Devesing , Kajjam Aravind Babu , Dubey Deepak Kumar , Kesavan Kiran Kishore , Jou Jwo-Huei , Vaidyanathan Sivakumar
Published: July 2022

Sky-blue emitters based on unipolar imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine (ImPy) materials were explored for OLED applications.
A review of the preparation and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of core–shell Cu2O composites
Authors: Zhu MengYuan , Zhang FengJun , Wang YingRui
Published: July 2022

The influence of the morphology of Cu2O on its properties and Cu2O-based photocatalysts with a core–shell structure for hydrogen production.
Metal-free thioesterification of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with thiols
Authors: Bołt Małgorzata , Hanek Kamil , Żak Patrycja
Published: July 2022

For the first time, the synthesis of thioesters starting from enals and thiols has been performed in the presence of a bulky N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) as a catalyst.
An amorphous ZnO and oxygen vacancy modified nitrogen-doped carbon skeleton with lithiophilicity and ionic conductivity for stable lithium metal anodes
Authors: Wang Fei , Gao Jingxia , Liu Yong , Ren Fengzhang
Published: July 2022

The ZnO and oxygen vacancies modified nitrogen-doped 3D carbon skeleton with lithiophilicity and ionic conductivity can reduce local current density and show low ion concentration on the surface to induce uniform deposition of lithium.
Nanofibrous sunscreen
Authors: Lee Byeoungjun , Lee Hyunwoo , Park Chan , Hong Sunguk , Jung Hyunsuk , Kim Hyonguk , Cho Seong J.
Published: July 2022

We introduce a new type of nanofibrous sunscreen solution that is applied via a novel portable electrospinning system. This UV skin protection is highly waterproof, dust-resistant, and biocompatible while being highly breathable and skin-conformable.
Discovery of superconductivity in Nb4SiSb2 with a V4SiSb2-type structure and implications of interstitial doping on its physical properties
Authors: Balestra Manuele D. , Atanov Omargeldi , Lefèvre Robin , Blacque Olivier , Ng Yat Hei , Lortz Rolf , von Rohr Fabian O.
Published: July 2022

We report on the discovery of Nb4SiSb2. This compound is a new superconductor with a Tc of 1.6 K. The channel void positions of this phase can be partly filled with Cu, Pd, or Pt, which leads to a lowering of the transition temperature.
Luminescent assemblies of pyrene-containing bent-core mesogens: liquid crystals, π-gels and nanotubes
Authors: Martínez-Abadía Marta , Varghese Shinto , Gierschner Johannes , Giménez Raquel , Ros M. Blanca
Published: July 2022

Bent-core and pyrene building blocks are revealed as a synergistic and versatile ‘tandem’ for the chemistry of luminescent supramolecular materials, guiding towards highly emissive liquid crystals, organogels and nanotubular systems, just by using the same molecule.
The cross-talk of autophagy and apoptosis in breast carcinoma: implications for novel therapies?
Authors: Seyrek Kamil , Wohlfromm Fabian , Espe Johannes , Lavrik Inna N.
Published: July 2022

Breast cancer is still the most common cancer in women worldwide. Resistance to drugs and recurrence of the disease are two leading causes of failure in treatment. For a more efficient treatment of patients, the development of novel therapeutic regimes is needed. Recent studies indicate that modulation of autophagy in concert with apoptosis induction may provide a promising novel strategy in breast cancer treatment. Apoptosis and autophagy are two tightly regulated distinct cellular processes. To maintain tissue homeostasis abnormal cells are disposed largely by means of apoptosis. Autophagy, however, contributes to tissue homeostasis and cell fitness by scavenging of damaged organelles, lipids, proteins, and DNA. Defects in autophagy promote tumorigenesis, whereas upon tumor formation rapidly proliferating cancer cells may rely on autophagy to survive. Given that evasion of apoptosis is one of the characteristic hallmarks of cancer cells, inhibiting autophagy and promoting apoptosis can negatively influence cancer cell survival and increase cell death. Hence, combination of antiautophagic agents with the enhancement of apoptosis may restore apoptosis and provide a therapeutic advantage against breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the cross-talk of autophagy and apoptosis and the diverse facets of autophagy in breast cancer cells leading to novel models for more effective therapeutic strategies.
Fault‐tolerant control technology of symmetrical six‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Gao Hanying , Guo Jie , Zhang Bangping , Zhang Guoqiang
Published: July 2022

In comparison with three‐phase motors, multiphase motors have garnered increasing attention owing to their high fault‐tolerant ability. When the motor has an open‐circuit fault, the stator combined magnetomotive force (MMF) changes, αβ and z1z2 subspaces are no longer decoupled, and the conventional vector control causes phase current distortion, harmonic current increase, and torque fluctuation of the motor. To address the aforementioned problems, first, the mathematical model of the common neutral symmetric six‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor in the static coordinate system is presented in this paper. Second, the transformation matrix of αβ and z1z2 subspace decoupling is proposed, and the corresponding mathematical model of decreasing order is constructed. Third, considering the orthogonal vector of the remaining dimension after the phase fault, the reduced‐order transformation matrix expression of the general single‐phase fault is obtained, which is further extended to the double‐phase fault. Fourth, the harmonic current of the z1z2 subspace was tracked and controlled by the proportional integral resonant (PIR) regulator. Finally, simulation and experimental verification are performed, and the results demonstrate that the fault‐tolerant control algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the torque ripple and it has good dynamic performance after an open‐circuit fault.
Les fondateurs du secteur et l’investissement du travail dans la cité
Authors: Bydlowski Sarah
Published: July 2022

La création du secteur a d’emblée pour objectif la lutte contre l’enfermement asilaire, l’insertion des patients dans la cité. Il s’agit aussi de faire front contre l’illettrisme, les inégalités sociales et toute ségrégation. La psychiatrie publique se met ainsi à la portée du malade, dans un mouvement liant indissociablement traitement et prévention.

L’application de la psychanalyse à l’enfant modifie radicalement les conceptions psychopathologiques de ses troubles et l’action thérapeutique entreprise. Dans cette perspective, le symptôme ne prend sens qu’en tenant compte, tant de l’environnement que de la personnalité et des modalités relationnelles de l’enfant, autrement dit de la réalité psychique de l’enfant en interaction avec les réalités psychiques de ceux qui l’entourent.

Pour les fondateurs du secteur, il s’agit de permettre à la fois de sensibiliser ceux qui s’occupent d’enfants à leurs besoins et à leurs difficultés, de connaître et de traiter précocement les enfants dont l’état constitue un risque pour leur avenir. L’idée est que les relations engagées avec le professionnel de terrain permettront des identifications réciproques, un plaisir partagé, autour de situations parfois inextricables. Le psychiatre qui voit des enfants en difficulté se trouve confronté à des problèmes sociaux, politiques et économiques qu’il ne maîtrise pas, mais avec lesquels il doit travailler. Il s’agit d’aller sur place, sur le lieu de l’école, d’observer, en collaboration avec les maîtres, les élèves, nos patients, dans une perspective préventive.
Estimation of Cardiovascular Risk Profile among Diabetic Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sharma Ganesh Anjani , Bala Sudha , Guddeti Arun , Katkuri Sushma , Jogi Suneeth , Dharmana Jahnavi
Published: July 2022

Background Association of type-2 diabetes mellitus with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is a well-known fact. The measurement of associated risk factors among diabetics gives a better idea for further management and prevention of complications, especially among those with high risk.

Objectives The objective of our study was to compare the cardiovascular risk profile and estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk using the World Health Organization (WHO) risk chart among diabetic patients as per their gender.

Methods Hospital-based cross-sectional study was undertaken among type 2 diabetic patients attending our tertiary care hospital using a semi-structured questionnaire based on WHO-STEPwise approach to surveillance questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic variables, personal habits, and lifestyle (physical and biochemical measurements). Carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) was assessed through ultrasonography. Ten-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment was also done using WHO/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) charts.

Results One hundred and thirteen male and 144 female subjects were included in the study. On comparison of cardiovascular risk factors, a statistically significant difference among males and females was found in tobacco and alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). CIMT measurements revealed statistically significant differences, with males being significantly at higher risk. A 10-year CVD risk assessment revealed higher risk among males and was statistically significant. It was found that a significant association between increased 10-year CVD risk and HbA1c, HDL, systolic BP, diastolic BP, and CIMT existed.

Conclusions Comparison within gender among diabetic patients revealed that the cardiovascular risk factors were statistically higher among males as per 10-year risk assessment using the WHO/ISH chart.
Micro Catheters in Interventional Cardiology
Authors: Kumar Arramraj Sreenivas , Janapati RamaKrishna
Published: July 2022

Microcatheters are commonly used hardware during complex coronary and cerebral interventional therapies. With increasing operator experience, more and more complex coronary interventions are beingdone in day-to-day practice and especially with chronic total occlusions. Various types of micro catheters are available in the market with each manufacturer having unique design and purpose. This review summarizes the various available and commonly used microcatheters in interventional cardiology
Signal-to-noise ratio variance impact on the image reconstruction of electrical resistance tomography in solutions with high background conductivity
Authors: da Mata Adriana Machado Malafaia , de Moura Bruno Furtado , Martins Marcio Ferreira , Palma Francisco Hernán Sepúlveda , Ramos Rogério
Published: July 2022

Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) has the potentialities of non-intrusive techniques and high temporal resolution which are essential characteristics for multiphase flow measurements. However, high background conductivities, such as saline water in oil extraction, impose a limitation in ERT image reconstruction. Focusing on the operational limits of an ERT tomography system operating in different conductivity backgrounds from 0.010 to 4.584 S/m, the impact on the image reconstruction was assessed via signal-to-noise variance. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) variance had a strong correlation (p-value = 5.40 × 10−15) with the image reconstruction quality at the threshold of 30 dB, reaching a correlation value of r = −0.92 in the range of 0.010–0.246 S/m. Regarding the position error of the phantom, p-value = 1.30 × 10−5 and r = −0.66 were attained. The global results revealed that the correlation of the mean of the SNR (p-value = 5 × 10−4 and r = 0.55) was kept unaltered through the whole conductivity range, showing that such a statistical index can induce bias in establishing the operational limits of the hardware.
Non-adiabatic mapping dynamics in the phase space of the SU(N) Lie group
Authors: Bossion Duncan , Ying Wenxiang , Chowdhury Sutirtha N. , Huo Pengfei
Published: July 2022

We present the rigorous theoretical framework of the generalized spin mapping representation for non-adiabatic dynamics. Our work is based upon a new mapping formalism recently introduced by Runeson and Richardson [J. Chem. Phys. 152, 084110 (2020)], which uses the generators of the su(N) Lie algebra to represent N discrete electronic states, thus preserving the size of the original Hilbert space. Following this interesting idea, the Stratonovich–Weyl transform is used to map an operator in the Hilbert space to a continuous function on the SU(N) Lie group, i.e., a smooth manifold which is a phase space of continuous variables. We further use the Wigner representation to describe the nuclear degrees of freedom and derive an exact expression of the time-correlation function as well as the exact quantum Liouvillian for the non-adiabatic system. Making the linearization approximation, this exact Liouvillian is reduced to the Liouvillian of several recently proposed methods, and the performance of this linearized method is tested using non-adiabatic models. We envision that the theoretical work presented here provides a rigorous and unified framework to formally derive non-adiabatic quantum dynamics approaches with continuous variables and connects the previous methods in a clear and concise manner.
Donor doping of corundum (AlxGa1−x)2O3
Authors: Wickramaratne Darshana , Varley Joel B. , Lyons John L.
Published: July 2022

Corundum (AlxGa1−x)2O3 alloys have been proposed as a candidate ultrawide-bandgap oxide for a number of applications, but doping is unexplored. We examine the prospects for n-type doping with H, Si, Ge, Sn, Hf, Zr, and Ta in corundum (AlxGa1−x)2O3 alloys using first-principles calculations. All of the dopants are shallow donors in corundum Ga2O3. In the (AlxGa1−x)2O3 alloy, they transition from shallow to deep donors at Al compositions that are unique to each donor. Si and Hf remain shallow donors up to the highest Al contents in corundum (AlxGa1−x)2O3 alloys and are still shallow even as the (AlxGa1−x)2O3 bandgap exceeds 6.5 eV. Finally, we address the detrimental role of cation vacancies as compensating deep acceptors and suggest that doping in a hydrogen-rich environment under cation-rich conditions can be used to overcome this problem.
Enhanced flexoelectricity with pre-strain gradients
Authors: Liu Kaiyuan , Shao Shubao , Ji Hui , Wu Tonghui , Shen Shengping , Zhang Shuwen , Xu Minglong
Published: July 2022

Flexoelectricity describes a strain-gradient-induced electrical polarization in dielectric materials. Compared with piezoelectricity, flexoelectricity has some advantages in size dependence, material range, and temperature range, although its electro-mechanical efficiency is low. Flexoelectric enhancement is to be achieved principally by reducing dimensions and enlarging flexoelectric coefficients. In this work, we propose a mechanical approach to enhance flexoelectricity by adjusting a pre-strain gradient with bending moments. Based on theoretical analysis, the relationship between the pre-strain gradient and enhanced polarization is deduced. Performing a four-point bending approach, experimental verification is achieved by measuring polarized charges of non-poled polyvinylidene fluoride films. The measured electric polarization has been increased by 2.8 times by adjustment of pre-strain gradients. This demonstrates the feasibility of enhancing flexoelectricity by mechanical means.
Spatial correlations and relative velocities of polydisperse droplets in homogeneous isotropic turbulence
Authors: Zhu Hangyu , Pan Chong , Lian Huan
Published: July 2022

We investigate the motions of polydisperse droplets in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence at Reynolds numbers Reλ=200–300. The emphasize is put on the parameter dependences of spatial velocity correlations (SVCs) and relative velocities (RVs) of droplets, which are relevant to particle transport and dispersion in turbulence and have been less studied in experiments. The Kolmogorov-scale Stokes number is Stp=10−1–101, and the settling parameter, i.e., the ratio of particle settling velocity to fluid velocity fluctuations, is SvL=0.5–2.0. Using high-resolution measurements, we can resolve the motions of turbulence and droplet over a wide range of scales (10−1η to 102η, η is Kolmogorov length). The parabolic behavior in droplet SVCs near the origin is observed, similar to turbulence. The droplet SVCs are smaller than turbulence for all scales and decrease with both Stp and SvL. At large scales, the droplet RVs, smaller than those of turbulence due to the inertial filtering effect, also decrease with Stp and SvL. At small scales, the path-history effect leads to larger droplet RVs than fluid RVs. Interestingly, we find RVs present a non-monotonic trend with Stp and reach a valley at Stp≈1.0. It may originate from particle clustering and preferential sweeping effects, which both prevail at Stp≈1.0. It is also found that droplet motions are less intermittent than turbulence. This is in contrast to the previous observations by simulations with the gravity effect being ignored. The intermittency of droplet RVs decreases with SvL due to the diminished droplet–turbulence interactions, and it presents opposite trends with Stp for small and large scales. Finally, the balance between the effects of path histories and turbulent structures makes the velocity statistics of droplets quasi-independent from the scale in the range of the dissipative scale (r≲5η).
Controlling transonic shock–boundary layer interactions over a natural laminar flow airfoil by vortical and thermal excitation
Authors: Chakraborty Ardhendu , Roy Arkadyuti Ghosh , Sundaram Prasannabalaji , Sengupta Aditi , Sengupta Tapan K.
Published: July 2022

Investigations have been performed via implicit large eddy simulations to study the overall effects of exciting a flow field by thermal (wall-heating and wall-cooling) and vortical (with high and low frequencies) actuation. The actuator is placed on the suction surface of a natural laminar flow (SHM-1) airfoil having an angle of attack of α=0.38° (cruise setting). Oncoming flow has a Mach number of 0.72, and a Reynolds number based on a chord of Re=16.2×106, for which a complex shock system is formed on the suction surface. Vorticity dynamics of the flow is studied using time series of vorticity at different locations above the suction surface and instantaneous contour plots of vorticity in the domain. An inspection of the flow using snapshots of ∇ρ and ∇(ρT) is done to characterize the numerical schlieren. The comparative effects of the various forms of excitation on the shock–boundary layer interactions (SBLI) have been analyzed using time series of the magnitudes of ∇ρ across the identified shock structures from numerical schlieren snapshots. Also, the role of the frequency of imposed vortical actuation has been studied using vorticity and Mach contours for a comparative understanding of the control of the SBLI.
Dynamical electron correlation and the chemical bond. II. Recoupled pair bonds in the a4Σ− states of CH and CF
Authors: Dunning Thom H. , Xu Lu T.
Published: July 2022

We extended our studies of the effect of dynamical electron correlation on the covalent bonds in the AH and AF series (A = B–F) to the recoupled pair bonds in the excited a4Σ− states of the CH and CF molecules. Dynamical correlation is energetically less important in the a4Σ− states than in the corresponding X2Π states for both molecules, which is reflected in smaller changes in bond energies (De). Changes in the equilibrium bond distance (Re) and vibrational frequency (ωe), on the other hand, are influenced by the changes in the slope and curvature of the dynamical electron correlation energy as a function of the internuclear distance R, EDEC(R). In the CH(a4Σ−) state, these changes are much smaller than in the CH(X2Π) state, but in the CF(a4Σ−) state, they are larger, reflecting a significant difference in the shapes of EDEC(R) curves. At large R, the shape of EDEC(R) curves for covalent and recoupled pair bonds is similar although different in magnitude. For the CH(a4Σ−) state, EDEC(R) has a minimum at R = Re + 0.72 Å as the orbitals associated with the formation of the recoupled pair bond switch places. EDEC(R) for the CF(a4Σ−) state decreases continuously throughout the bound region of the potential energy curve because the dynamical correlation energy associated with the electrons in the lone pair orbitals is increasing. These results support our earlier conclusion that we still have much to learn about the nature of dynamical electron correlation in molecules.
Changes in the hydrogen nuclear kinetic energy across the several phases of methylammonium lead tribromide
Authors: Romanelli Giovanni , Andreani Carla , Fazi Laura , Ishteev Arthur , Konstantinova Kamilla , Preziosi Enrico , Senesi Roberto , Di Carlo Aldo
Published: July 2022

We present an experimental investigation of methylammonium lead tribromide single crystals in the orthorhombic, tetragonal, and cubic phases based on inelastic and deep inelastic neutron scattering experiments. We show how the average hydrogen nuclear kinetic energy, mainly affected by zero-point vibrational energies, shows differences larger compared to the changes simply related to temperature effects when moving from one phase to another. In particular, the Gaussian contribution to the average nuclear kinetic energy is larger in the tetragonal phase compared to the cubic and orthorhombic ones. Moreover, we find that the vibrational densities of states of MAPbBr3 single crystals in the orthorhombic phase are compatible with previously reported results on powder samples, and that the only vibrational modes that show slightly different frequencies compared to MAPbI3 are those in the energy range between 100 and 300 cm−1, related to librational/rotational modes. As these shifts are of about 10 cm−1 and do not affect any higher-energy vibrational mode, we conclude that the zero-point energies and average nuclear kinetic energies in the two-hybrid organic/inorganic perovskites are expected to be approximately the same within a harmonic framework.