bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Evaluation of Dose Reduction on Image Quality of Panoramic Radiographs
Authors: Alkurt Meryem Toraman , Peker Likay , Usalan Gülten , Altunkaynak Bülent
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tube current reduction on image quality using medium and regular intensifying screens as well as a digital system for panoramic radiography.

Methods and Materials

A total of 150 panoramic images of 75 patients were obtained in the study. The initial images were taken at standard exposure settings, and secondary images were exposed with the tube current reduced at different rates.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the two exposures for Group 3 (the rate of dose reduction 25%) while a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found in Group 4 (the rate of dose reduction 50%) using medium intensifying screens for all observers. No statistically significant difference was found between the two exposures on digital panoramic images.

Conclusion

According to the results of this study a dose reduction of 25% was achieved for medium intensifying screens and for digital panoramic images without any loss of image quality.

Clinical Significance

A substantial reduction in radiation exposure can be achieved in conventional panoramic radiography using a medium intensifying screen and in digital panoramic radiography without any loss of image quality needed for radiological evaluation of anatomical structures and pathological conditions.

Citation

Alkurt MT, Peker I, Usalan G, Altunkaynak B. Clinical Evaluation of Dose Reduction on Image Quality of Panoramic Radiographs. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 July; (9)5:034-041.
An In vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Nine Root Canal Sealers
Authors: Smadi Leena , Mahafzah Azmi , Khraisat Ameen
Published: July 2019

Aim

The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze the antimicrobial activity of root canal sealers by using the agar diffusion test (ADT).

Methods and Materials

Three categories of root canal sealers were included in the study: resin-based sealers (4), zinc oxide-based sealers (3), and calcium hydroxide-based sealers (2). The microbial strains used were: S. aureus (2 strains), C. albicans (2 strains), and E. faecalis (1 strain). Statistical analysis was conducted using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Tests of differences were analyzed using the Tukey's test with a value of p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results

The antimicrobial activity of root canal sealers was ranked in descending order as follows: Sealite Regular, Cortisemol, Dentalis KEZ, AH26, Sealapex, Acroseal/Topseal, and Endorez/AH plus.

Conclusion

Root canal sealers showed different inhibitory effects depending on their types and the bacterial strains tested. Root canal sealers containing formaldehyde and eugenol proved to be effective against the microorganisms studied.

Clinical Significance

The incorporation of antimicrobial components into root canal sealers may become an essential factor in preventing the re-growth of residual bacteria and control of bacteria re-entry into the root canal system.

Citation

Smadi L, Mahafzah A, Khraisat A. An In vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Nine Root Canal Sealers. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 July; (9)5:060-067.
The Efficacy of Distraction and Counterstimulation in the Reduction of Pain Reaction to Intraoral Injection by Pediatric Patients
Authors: Aminabadi Naser Asl , Farahani Rmain Mostofi Zadeh , Gajan Esrafil Balayi
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this clinical investigation was to determine the efficacy of distraction and counterstimulation in the reduction of pain during the administration of local anesthetics in pediatric dental patients.

Methods and Materials

A total of 78 healthy children (male: 40, female: 38) ages four to five years (mean age: 4.72 years old) without any history of previous intraoral injection were included in the present study. The subjects had at least one carious primary molar. The subjects were randomly allocated into three groups. Group SA received topical anesthesia followed by an inferior alveolar nerve block (simple anesthesia). Group C+SA received counter stimulation using intraoral and extraoral finger vibration in addition to the Group SA protocol. Group CD+SA incorporated verbal distraction in addition to topical and local anesthesia and counterstimulation. A sound, eye, and motor (SEM) scale was used for quantification of pain reaction. Data were analyzed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results

The SEM values for Groups SA, C+SA, and CD+SA was 8.25, 5.07, and 3.41, respectively. According to the SEM scale a severe pain reaction was observed in Group SA but not in the other groups. The pain reaction for Group SA was significantly higher than the two other groups (P<0.05). Moreover, the subjects in Group CD+SA exhibited significantly less pain compared to those in Group C+SA.

Conclusion

Both distraction and counterstimulation are effective in reducing pain reaction in a clinical setting. However, it may be more plausible to use both techniques simultaneously to achieve more favorable results with reference to a reduced pain reaction in pediatric dental patients.

Citation

Aminabadi NA, Farahani RMZ, Balayi Gajan E. The Efficacy of Distraction and Counterstimulation in the Reduction of Pain Reaction to Intraoral Injection by Pediatric Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 September; (9)6:033-040.
Comparison of the Antibacterial Activity of Different Self-etching Primers and Adhesives
Authors: Korkmaz Yonca , Attar Nuray , Ozalp Meral
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of different one-step and two-step selfetching primer/adhesives on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Lactobacillus casei (L. casei), and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus).

Methods and Materials

The antibacterial effects of Clearfil Protect Bond Primer and Bonding agent; AdheSE Primer and Bonding agent; Adper Prompt L-Pop; Futurabond NR; Clearfil Tri S Bond; and Cervitec (positive control, 1% chlorhexidine varnish) were tested against standard strains of S. mutans, L. Casei, and L. acidophilus using the disk diffusion method. Standard filter paper disks (n=5) impregnated with 20 microL of each material were prepared. After incubation at 37°C for 48 hours in a 5-10% CO2 atmosphere, the diameter of inhibition zones were measured in millimeters. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Duncan's Multiple Range Test was used for pairwise comparison.

Results

The size of inhibition zones produced by primer/adhesives varied among the brands. AdheSE Primer: S. mutans (20.6±1.51); L. casei (14.8±1.78); L. acidophilus (11.4±0.54). Adper Prompt L-Pop: S. mutans (19.6±1.51); L. casei (13.8±1.64); L. acidophilus (13.8±1.09). Cervitec: S. mutans (23±0.00); L. casei (27±0.70); L. acidophilus (22.4±0.54). Clearfil Protect Bond Primer: S. mutans (17±0.00); L. casei (17.6±0.54); L. acidophilus (22.4±0.54). Futurabond NR was found effective only against S. mutans (14.6±1.67). Of all the materials tested, AdheSE Bonding agent, Clearfil Protect Bond Bonding agent, and Clearfil Tri S Bond exhibited no inhibition zone (-) for all bacteria tested.

Conclusion

Among the adhesives tested Clearafil Protect Bond Primer based upon monomer methacryloyloxydodecylpyridiniium bromide (MDPB) was found to be the most potent material against L. acidophilus and L. casei. AdheSE Primer and Adper Prompt L-Pop are highly effective against S. mutans.

Clinical Significance

Compared with other adhesive systems, Clearfil Protect Bond Primer (containing MDPB) showed a high antibacterial effect against all microorganizms tested. Two-step, self-etching primer/ adhesive system Clearfil Protect Bond might be a suitable choice under minimally invasive restorations. The recently developed one-step, self-etching system Clearfil Tri S Bond showed no antibacterial effect against microorgazims tested.

Citation

Korkmaz Y, Ozalp M, Attar N. Comparison of the Antibacterial Activity of Different Self-etching Primers and Adhesives. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 November; (9)7:057-064.
Influence of Location of the Gingival Margin on the Microleakage and Internal Voids of Nanocomposites
Authors: Ozel Emre , Korkmaz Yonca , Attar Nuray
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the cervical microleakage and internal voids of nanocomposites comparing them with a hybrid composite in Class II restorations with the margins located coronal and apical to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ).

Methods and Materials

Standardized MOD cavities (one cervical margin located in dentin, one in enamel) were prepared in 40 extracted human molars and divided into four groups according to the composite used to restore them (n=10/group). Group 1: Adper Single Bond2/Filtek Supreme XT; Group 2: Excite/Tetric EvoCeram; Group 3: Prime & BondNT/Ceram X; and Group 4 (control) Adper Single Bond2/Filtek Z250. Groups were further divided into subgroups A and B. The “A” subgroups represent the level of the location of the cervial margin at 1 mm coronal to the CEJ, and the “B” subgroups represent the level of the cervical margin located 1 mm apical to the CEJ. After restoration of the cavities with nanocomposites, thermocycling, and immersion in 0.5% basic fuchsin, the dye penetration and internal voids were evaluated under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests with the Bonferroni correction for microleakage and with the Chi-square test for internal voids (p<0.05).

Results

The microleakage in the A subgroups was statistically significantly lower then B subgroups (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of interface, cervical, and occlusal voids for all groups (p>0.05). No significant difference was observed between each group for three voids in all groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion

The location of the gingival margin affects the microleakage of nanocomposites but has no significant affect on the internal voids.

Clinical Significance

Gingival margin located 1 mm coronal to the CEJ provided a reduction in cervical microleakage in nanocomposite restorations.

Citation

Ozel E, Korkmaz Y, Attar N. Influence of Location of the Gingival Margin on the Microleakage and Internal Voids of Nanocomposites. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 November; (9)7:065-072.
Effect of Oil Pulling on Plaque and Gingivitis
Authors: Nagesh L , Amith HV
Published: July 2019

Oil pulling is an age-old process mentioned in Charaka Samhita and Sushratha's Arthashastra. This study was conducted to assess the effect of oil pulling on Plaque and Gingivitis.

Objectives

(1) To assess the effect of oil pulling on plaque and gingivitis. (2) To monitor its safety on oral soft and hard tissues.

Methodology

10 subjects performed Oil Pulling along with their other oral hygiene measures for 45 days, using Refined Sunflower Oil. Their Plaque and gingival scores were assessed periodocally by modified PHP and Gingival indices. The results were subjected to t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results

The reduction in plaque and gingival scores from baseline to 45 days were 0.81+-_0.41 (P<0.01) and 0.39+_0.17 (P<0.01) respectively. The differences were found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion

Oil pulling is having dental benefits. Hence this holds a chance to be added to other oral hygiene measures.
Disinfection Methods of Extracted Human Teeth
Authors: Bhat Sham S , Lolayekar Nikita V , Vidya Bhat S
Published: July 2019

Extracted human teeth are routinely used for educational purposes in dental institutions. In recent years infection control guidelines have been revised due to the possibility of cross-contamination from these extracted teeth. This study was done to determine the efficacy of some commonly used methods for disinfection/sterilization of extracted human teeth.
Bioterrorism: A Global Threat
Authors: Prashanth VK , Kshirsagar Minal M , Dodamani Arun S , Dodamani Girija A , Jadhav Harish C , Deshmukh Chetan V
Published: July 2019

Terror is a Latin word which means to frighten. Terrorism usually refers to killing of innocent people by antisocial groups with the vested interest of their own. Terrorism is practiced by collecting people from different regions, religions, of different age groups, by keeping objectives like social, economic or political. Sometimes terrorists stop or discriminate their activities once they achieve their goal. Bioterrorism is the intentional use of biological agents or their products to cause harm. Sometimes such attacks might be done to create a publicity or media spectacle. It is the unlawful use of force and violence against people. Biological weapon can strike suddenly without any warning and cause hazardous effects for longer duration. The effectiveness of the attack not lies in the act itself but also in the reaction of public and Government. Delivery of the biological agents can be through letters, parcels, toys, food items, books or anything. It is easy for bioterrorist to transfer the agents through these media or environment.
Interim Esthetic Rehabilitation of Two Anterior Teeth Using Natural Tooth Pontic: A Case Report
Authors: Juneja R , Kumar V , Bansal S
Published: July 2019

Tooth loss, especially in anterior region, precipitates psychological distress to the affected individual. Providing an immediate definitive restoration is sometimes not possible and, in some specific clinical situations, a delay of few months may even be desirable before providing a final restoration. Natural tooth pontic is a simple and time-saving alternative for interim rehabilitation in anterior tooth region which restores the esthetics to near normal in a single appointment. This article discusses two cases where it was not possible to place an implant or any other definitive prosthetic restoration in immediate future. Excellent esthetic results were obtained with natural tooth pontic used as an interim restoration in these cases.
Awareness Among School Going Children's In Chennai About Dental Health Care
Authors: Kumaresan Gayathri Devi , Kumar Saravana
Published: July 2019

Background

Oral health is integral part of general health and well-being. Tooth decay and gum disease are most widespread conditions affectingschool children's and documentation of children's dental healthis limited.

Aim

The aim of the following study is to create awareness on dental health care and knowledge among school children's in Chennai using a questionnaire.

Materials and Methods

The subjects for this study were randomly selected in the age group of 8-16 years. A total of 200 children were selected, of which 92 were males and 108 were females.

Results

The results showed that 55.50% of children brush their teeth twice daily, 100% of the participants use tooth brush and paste to clean their teeth, 66.50% of the participants change their tooth brush once in a month, 20.25% of participant change their brush once in 2 month, 9.25% of participant change their brush once in 3 month. 39.50% of participant cleans their tongue regularly by using tooth brush and tongue cleaner. 26.50% of children's wash their mouth after eating sticky foods and chocolate. 10.5% of children visit dentist regularly for dental checkup. 99.5% of participant knew that tobacco cause ill effects on oral and general health.
Inverted and Impacted Maxillary and Mandibular 3rd Molars; A Very Rare Case
Authors: Rao Ashwini , Kundabala M , Sequeira Peter S. , Pai Vinaya
Published: July 2019

A very rare case of unilateral impacted and inverted mandibular as well as maxillary 3rd molars has been described. The management of this rare case should be done in most conservative manner.
A Comparative Evaluation of Tensile Bond Strength and Hybrid Layer of Three Generation Bonding Agents by Scanning Electron Microscope (An In-vitro Study)
Authors: Dhawan Rajan , Indira R , Dhawan Shivani
Published: July 2019

This study was done to compare the tensile bond strength of three different generation bonding agents to dentin using one composite resin and scanning electron microscopic study (SEM) of hybrid layer.

In this study 36 non carious human molar teeth were selected. 30 teeth were used for evaluating tensile bond strength and were divided in to three groups. Six teeth were used for hybrid layer evaluation also divided into three groups. Group 1 specimens 10 teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid and Scotch bond multipurpose adhesive was applied. Group 2 specimens 10 teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid and 3M Single bond was applied. Group 3 specimens 10 teeth were treated with Prompt-L-Pop. Composite material (3M- Hybrid-Z100) was applied incrementally and cured for 40 seconds each. Specimens were then stored in distilled water before testing. Two teeth from each group were cross-sectioned to obtain 1mm thick dentin disks for SEM evaluation. Adhesives were applied as mentioned above. Composite was applied over these discs and light cured for 40 seconds. Samples were stored in distilled water at 37°c for two weeks; these disks were fractured with chisel for cross-sectional viewing

Dentin conditioning with single bond (5th Generation) revealed better bond strengths as compared to scotch bond multipurpose (4th generation) and Prompt-L-Pop (6th generation). SEM evaluation of hybrid layer reveals that Single bond has shown a thicker hybrid layer comparing to other adhesives.
A Comparative Study of Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of First and Final Year Dental Students of Udaipur City, Rajasthan.
Authors: Sharda Archana J , Shetty Srinath
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE

To assess and compare differences in oral health knowledge, attitudes and behavior among first and final year dental students in Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

In a cross-sectional study, 182 first year students (59 males and 123 females) and 157 final year students (75 males and 82 females) of the two dental colleges in Udaipur city; Rajasthan, were surveyed using a self administered structured questionnaire including 37 multiple choice questions pre-tested through a pilot survey. The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 10.0 . The mean percentage scores, standard deviation, and frequency distribution were calculated. The Student's T-test and ANOVA test were used as test of significance. The linear regression analysis were used to assess the relation of knowledge, attitude and behavior.

RESULTS

The mean % score for oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior were significantly higher in final year students compared to first year students. (p<0.001). The linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant linear relationship of attitude with the knowledge (p<0.001) and behavior with the attitude (p<0.001) of the students.

CONCLUSION

Besides the positive changes revealed in the oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior, among the students from first to final year of dental studies, preventive behavior among the students could still be improved.
Dental Erosion in Children
Authors: Pandit I.K.
Published: July 2019

Dental erosion or chemical wearing away of the tooth structure is a dental health problem of the modern world and if not detected early, may result in serious irreversible damage to the dentition. An awareness of its clinical appearance, etiology, and risk factor is important to plan the preventive and curative management of such problems.

This paper discusses the diagnostic protocol along with preventive and various restorative options available to treat this multifactorial nature of tooth wear.
Relationship Between Gingivitis and Anterior Teeth Irregularities Among 18 to 26 Years Age Group: A Hospital Based Study in Belgaum, Karnataka
Authors: Ankola Anil , Reddy V. Chandrasekhara , Kumar B R Ashok
Published: July 2019

Aim

To study the relationship between gingivitis and irregular teeth in the anterior segments of dental arches.

Materials & Methods

The sample size of 120 subjects who satisfied the inclusion criteria was randomly selected for the study. These subjects were selected between the age group of 18 to 26 years and divided into two groups. The study group (cases) consists of 60 subjects with irregular teeth in the anterior segments of dental arch. The control group (controls) consists of 60 subjects with well-aligned teeth in the anterior segments of dental arches.

Results

The mean gingival index of cases & controls were 0.9513 and 0.5959 with standard deviations of 0.7014 and 0.4909 respectively. The t-value was 3.1093 with p<0.001 which was highly significant.

Conclusion

The mean gingival index of study group was higher than the gingival score of the control group (P<0.001).
Cryosurgery of A Huge Hemangioma of Tongue: A Case Report
Authors: Karasu Hakan Alpay , Oncul Aysegul M. Tuzuner , Uyanik Lokman Onur
Published: July 2019

Hemangiomas are frequently seen benign tumors which based on vascular tissues. These lesions are mainly identified in to two groups which are named as capillary and cavernous hemangiomas due to vascularization of the lesions. Capillary hemangiomas consist of small capillary vessels which show lobules formation. Cavernous hemangiomas consist of large dilated vessels and they can reach to large sizes. Several treatment modalities including sclerotherapy, embolisation, laser surgery and cryosurgery have been described for hemangiomas. In this significant case, the cryosurgery treatment of a 16 years old male patient who was suffering from the huge hemangioma in the right side of his tongue is presented.
Smile Design- Periodontal Out Look of Basics
Authors: Garg Amit , Khashu Himanshu , Baiju CS
Published: July 2019

Presence of a healthy periodontium is of utmost importance in terms of dental tissue harmony.esthetic relevance of these supporting tissues play a major role in the final out come of any treatment procedures. Smile designing is a complex traetment modality which comprises s of various periodontal tissue modifications where ever required. This article is a compilation of those aspects related to periodontium.
Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Changes in Eluru, Andhra Pradesh (India) - An Institutional Study
Authors: Sudhakar S , Kumar B Praveen , Prabhat MPV
Published: July 2019

Objective

The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral mucosal changes (OML) in Eluru, Andhra Pradesh and to determine possible associations of OML with respect to age, gender and habits.

Materials and Methods

The study sample consisted of 3035 patients collected from outpatients seeking dental treatment in department of Oral Medicine and radiology. The subjects were interviewed by trained interviewers and underwent a clinical examination of the oral mucosa performed according to WHO guidelines. A specially prepared color atlas of OML was used for lesion recognition and confirmation.

Statistical Analysis

The data obtained were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis utilizing the SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences) soft ware version 10.0. Pearson chi-square test was applied to test the significance between mucosal changes with respect age, gender and habits.

Results

The overall classification among 3035 samples showed 1042 cases presented with one or more mucosal changes/lesions/ conditions, which constituted a total of about 1489 lesions. Among 1489 lesions, 929 mucosal changes were either normal variants or developmental anomalies, 206 were traumatic lesions, 254 were tobacco induced, 22 were of infectious origin and 78 were miscellaneous conditions.

Conclusion

The overall mucosal changes noted in the study was 49.06% and the most prevalent lesions were linea alba, frictional keratosis and Fordyce granules. Mucosal changes were predominantly noted in males, in buccal mucosa and in the age group of 16-30 yrs.
Third Root (Radix Entomolaris) In Permanent Mandibular First Molars in Pediatric Patients – An Endodontic Challenge
Authors: Umashankar KV , Radhika NB , Satisha TS TS
Published: July 2019

The study of root and root canal anatomy of molars in children is important for pediatric practice successfull. Normally the permanent mandibular first molar has two roots, one mesial and the other distal. Rarely an additional third root is seen, which is found distolingually and called as Radix Entomolaris. This extra root is typically smaller than the distobuccal root and is usually curved, requiring special attention when root canal treatment is being considered for such a tooth. The aim of the present paper is to present two cases of permanent mandibular first molars with an additional third root.
Dental Awareness and Attitudes among Medical Practitioners in Chennai
Authors: Ingle Navin Anand , Srinidhi S , Chaly Preetha Elizebeth , Reddy Chandrasekhara
Published: July 2019

There have been relatively few investigations regarding dental awareness and attitudes among medical practitioners.

Aim

To assess the dental awareness and attitudes of medical practitioners in Chennai.

Methodology

A cross sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire on 300 medical practitioners randomly selected.

Results

85 % of undergraduates, 71 % of postgraduates, 80 % of diploma holders advised patients to visit dentist at least once in six months (P<0.05). 75 % of undergraduates, 85 % of postgraduates and 94 % of diploma holders knew that periodontal disease is a risk factor for infective endocarditis (P<0.05). 80 % of undergraduates, 77 % of postgraduates and 48 % of diploma holders were aware of systemic complications due to untreated dental diseases (P<0.01).

Conclusion

Dental awareness and attitudes was found to be good among medical practitioners in Chennai.
Dentition Status and Treatment Needs among Type II Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Individuals in Chennai City – A Comparative Study
Authors: Reddy V Chandrasekhara , Kesavan R , Ingle Navin
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus are known to have increased susceptibility to certain infections. It has significant impact on tissues throughout the body including the oral cavity.

Aim

To assess the dentition status and treatment needs among type II Diabetic and Non-Diabetic individuals in Chennai city.

Materials and Methods

A Hospital based Cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among diabetics and non-diabetic population attending the Govt. Stanley hospital in Chennai City. WHO Oral Health Assessment Form (1997) was used to assess the dentition status and treatment needs. The final sample size of the study was 1000 which included 500 diabetics and 500 non-diabetics.

Results

The present study revealed not much difference in oral hygiene practices among diabetic and non-diabetics. In the present study, there was no statistical difference in the caries experience among the study subjects. The mean number of teeth missing due to other reasons was 1.40±2.80 among diabetics and 0.65±1.70 among non-diabetics (P<0.0001).

Conclusion

There was no significant difference in the prevalence of dental caries among the study subjects. The mean decayed, missing, filled and DMFT scores were similar among diabetics and non-diabetics.
Comparative Anti-plaque and Anti-gingivitis Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Mouthwashes - 4 Weeks Clinical Study
Authors: Sikka Geetanjali , Chandrashekar KT
Published: July 2019

Therapeutic mouthwashes are often recommended as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control for prevention of plaque formation and maintain gingival health. The present clinical study was for the duration of four weeks and focused on two specific mouthwashes: HEXIDINE (0.2% chlorhexidine) and SEFDENT (a dual action mouthrinse with clove oil and sorbitol, sol isopropyl myristate, sodium saccharin) both claims to be effective in the treatment of gingivitis. HEXIDINE (Chlorhexidine) has long-standing research to substantiate its safety and efficacy whereas the SEFDENT mouthwash used in this study is a new mouthwash with many components in it. Subjects were randomly allocated into either the test group (n = 10,Sefdent) or the control group (n= 10,Hexidine) Plaque levels were measured using the Turesky's modification of the Quigley & Hein Plaque Index (PI), and gingivitis was evaluated and recorded with the Gingival Index (Loe and Silness 1963) (GI) at 0 day, 15th days and 30th day. All Subjects were instructed with oral hygiene instructions. First scaling and root planning was performed on all subjects and then they were asked to rinse twice daily with one of the mouthwashes (HEXIDINE or SEFDENT). Both the mouth-rinses studies turned out to be statistically significant but control group (HEXIDINE) showed significant improvement in plaque index, gingival scores, when compared to test group (SEFDENT). This shows that chlorhexidine remains a gold standard in improving the gingival status.
Clinical Challenges in Managing Minor Developmental Anomalies in Children
Authors: Gupta Kanu Priya , Grewal Partapjot S. , Garg Shalini
Published: July 2019

The close relationship among oral, systemic and psychologic health requires that oral health be evaluated thoroughly as part of health maintenance supervision. An understanding of normal sequence and patterns of tooth eruption is the foundation for identifying and treating children with abnormal dental development. Distinguishing normal from pathological dental development requires careful evaluation of the patient, including medical, dental and family history, clinical examination, radiographic evaluation and possibly special laboratory tests. Developmental anomalies of teeth are marked deviations from the normal standards in color, contour, size, number, and degree of development of the teeth. Systemic as well as local factors may operate to produce these developmental disturbances. These developmental anomalies have multiple, complex problems as they affect both form and function and can have significant psychological impact. These conditions may present early in life and require both immediate intervention and management of a protracted nature, including coordination of multi-disciplinary carealongwith accurate diagnosis, timely intervention with a comprehensive treatment plan. This paper presents a clinical update on the various dental anomalies alongwith their management options and consequences.
Fate of Extruded Sealer: A Matter of Concern
Authors: Chhabra Ajay , Teja Tanvir S. , Jindal Varun , Singla Meenu G. , Warring Karan
Published: July 2019

The most important objective of successful root canal treatment is thorough biomechanical preparation of root canal. Elimination of infected pulp and dentine, adequate root canal preparation and three dimensional obturation constitute the basic principle of root canal treatment. Ideally, the filling material along with sealer should be confined to the root canal without extending to periapical tissue or other neighboring structures. Endodontic filling material and sealer, beyond the apical foramen may give rise to clinical manifestations as a result of the toxicity of the product. When the extruded material is either close to or in intimate contact with nerve structures, anesthesia, hypoaesthia, paraesthasia, or dysaesthesia may occur. The purpose of this paper is to discuss few cases of apical extrusion of sealer during obturation and its effects on periapical tissue and the success of treatment.
Periodontal Health Status of A Group of (Non-Institutionalized) Mentally Disabled Children in Khartoum State
Authors: Hashim NT , Gobara B , Ghandour I
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study is to assess the periodontal health status and its determinants among a group of mentally disabled children in Khartoum State and to compare it with a control group of children of normal intelligence.

Methods

Thirty seven mentally disabled children aged 8-10 years were examined at five centres of mentally disabled children in Khartoum State. A control group with normal intelligence quotient of a similar age and socioeconomic status was selected from schools nearby the centres visited. Both mentally disabled children and the children in the control group were examined for their plaque index, gingival index and periodontal pocket depth. A comparison was made between the mentally disabled children and the healthy children as well as between the subgroups of the mentally disabled children (mild, moderate, and severe). Questionnaires concerning the degree of mental disability, level of parent education, role of parents toward child oral health, were also used.

Results

The results revealed that the mentally disabled children showed higher scores of plaque and gingival index (1.9, 1.7 respectively) when compared with the plaque and gingival index of the control group (0.6, 0.6 respectively). No increase in gingival sulcus depth in both study and control group was found. According to the degree of mental disability there was statistically significant difference in plaque and gingival index among the mild, moderate and severe subgroups (P=0.001), the plaque and gingival index tend to increase with the severity of mental retardation. Conclusion. Mentally disabled children showed more plaque when compared with healthy controls. Periodontal disease was more prevalent among mentally disabled children as presented in the form of gingivitis and the degree of severity depends on the degree of mental disability.
Incidence of Malocclusions in India - A Review
Authors: Sandhu Navreet , Sandhu Sarabjeet Singh , Bansal Nidhi
Published: July 2019

In such a diverse and vast country like India, a large variation in prevalence of malocclusion exists in varying regions of our country. This can be due to variations in ethnicity, nutritional status, religious beliefs, and dietary habits. Various studies have been conducted among diverse Indian regional populations. In this article, a summary of the epidemiological studies is given below.
Denta Scan
Authors: Bhatia HP , Goel S , Srivastava B
Published: July 2019

DentaScan is a unique new computer software program which provides computed tomographic (CT) imaging of the mandible and maxilla in three planes of reference: axial, panoramic, and oblique sagittal (or cross-sectional). The clarity and identical scale between the various views permits uniformity of measurements and cross-referencing of anatomic structures through all three planes. Unlike previous imaging techniques, the oblique sagittal view permits the evaluation of distinct buccal and lingual cortical bone margins, as well as clear visualization of internal structures, such as the incisive and inferior alveolar canals.
An In Vitro Microbiological Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Soluneem (A Water Soluble Neem Formulation from Azadirachta Indica) Against Periodontopathic Microorganisms
Authors: Suchetha A , Sharma Shefali , Vijayendra R , Bharwani Ashit G
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of Soluneem (a water soluble formulation from the neem seed kernel from Azadirachta Indica containing Azadirachtin) as an antimicrobial agent and the effective concentration of Soluneem required to inhibit periodontopathic bacteria and to compare it with a known antiplaque agent chlorhexidine (0.2%) in vitro.

Material and Methods

The subgingival plaque samples from a total of 20 sites from 5 patients (4 sites per patient) was taken with a probing pocket depth of >”5mm. Subgingival plaque samples were collected, cultivated, and incubated anaerobically as per the standard procedure. Further subculturing was done to obtain pure growth. Various biochemical tests were used for identifying each organism as per the standard protocol. The sensitivity to the varying concentrations of neem like 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125% and 1.5625% and 0.2% Chlorhexidine solution was tested using the Modified Disc diffusion method. The sensitivity was tested by measuring the zones of inhibition comparing with the known standard diameter.

Results

The organisms isolated and percentage of identification rate from total of five patients was 60% for Bacteroids fragilis, 40% for Bacteroids distasonis, 20% for Prevotella corporis, 20% for Prevotella melaninogenica, and 20% for Peptostreptococus species. Chlorhexidine 0.2 % was effective against micro organisms cultivated and isolated in this study. However Soluneem was not effective against the organisms cultivated in this study.

Conclusion

Soluneem had no effect on the growth of any of the isolated organisms. Further studies testing soluneem against other putative periodontal pathogens with Azadirachtin are warranted.
Utilization of Mobile Dental Health Care Services to Answer the Oral Health Needs of Rural Population
Authors: Acharya Shashidhar , Kaur Harsimran , Tandon Shobha
Published: July 2019

Aim

The activity was undertaken with the objective to assess the utility of a Mobile Dental Clinic to provide oral health services to the rural population.

Material & Methods

Baseline data collection of subjects was conducted according to the knowledge, attitude, practices and satisfaction proformas at Brahmavara and Byndoor community health centre catchment areas. Oral Health Education through models, video presentation and audio conversations were given to all subjects. Basic treatment was provided to all the subjects recruited for the study. The use and services of mobile dental clinics for oral health care services definitely showed lot of enthusiasm amongst the rural people. They were motivated to listen to oral health education lessons and avail the various oral treatments.

Results

There 3 month evaluation scores showed better satisfaction and also showed improved knowledge, attitude and practices. These differences were statistically supported by analysis.

Conclusion

To conclude, the mobile dental clinic proved to be an effective adjunct to the oral health service providers like dental colleges and private practitioners. They act as the first form of exposure to educate the rural people and alleviate their apprehensions towards oral health care.
A Comparative Study to Evaluate The Softness of Heat Processed and Auto Polymerized Denture Relining Materials When Stored in Hard and Soft Water-An Invitro Study
Authors: Ramakrishnaiah Ravikumar , Khureif Abdul Aziz Abdullah al , Gujjari Anilkumar , Dhakshayini MR
Published: July 2019

Aim

To evaluate the effect of hard and soft water on softness of three commercially available soft liners.

Material and Methods

8 specimens of 3mm height and 41mm diameter were fabricated from each soft liner on acrylic resin base of 3mm height and 44mm diameter. The specimens were stored in artificial saliva (Wet mouth, ICPA product) for14 hours in a day, at 37°C in an incubator and the rest of the time 4 specimens from each group were stored in hard water and 4 in soft water. Softness of each specimen was recorded using Shore-A durometer at the end of 1st, 7th, 15th, and 30th day.

Results

When compared between hard and soft water, the autopolymerized acrylic and autopolymerized silicone soft liners had significant reduction in softness on 7th day in hard water. The autopolymerized acrylic soft liner had least softness in both hard and soft water. The heat polymerized acrylic soft-liner showed maximum softness in both hard and soft Water.

Conclusion

Heat polymerized acrylic soft liner was proven to be softer than the other two materials followed by autopolymerized silicone and autopolymerized acrylic soft liners.
Occlusion in Implant Dentistry-Issues and Considerations
Authors: Garg Amit , Aparna IN , Dhanasekar B , Mall Neha
Published: July 2019

The goal of any prosthetic procedure must include the establishment of a functional occlusion. It is known that natural teeth have periodontal ligament receptors that protect the teeth from excessive occlusal forces, which can cause trauma to supporting tissues and bone. Although many factors are involved in the neuro-muscular reex actions in natural teeth, there are no specic defense mechanisms against occlusal forces in implant-supported prosthesis. Complications (prosthetic or bony support) reported in follow-up studies underline occlusion as one of the determining factors for success or failure of implants.
Parent Satisfaction with Emergency Dental Services at a Pediatric Dental Clinic in the West Indies
Authors: Ramroop Visha V , Naidu Rahul S , Balkaran Ramaa L
Published: July 2019

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate levels of parental satisfaction with dental care at a hospital based pediatric dental clinic.

Methods

Cross sectional questionnaire-based survey of 115 parents/guardians of children attending a pediatric dental clinic. Demographic information collected in a self-administered modified version of theDental Visit Satisfaction Scalequestionnaire. Overall level of satisfaction with care measured on a response scale ranging from very satisfied to not satisfied. Parents’ opinions regarding specific aspects of the visit also assessed.

Results

Majority (82%) of respondents were female. 48.8% were between the ages 31-40. 52% participants had at least secondary school education. 90 % were very satisfied with their child's treatment. Parents were most satisfied with the explanation of their child's problem and perceived level of competency of the dentist.

Conclusion

Levels of satisfaction with this service were high and seem to be related primarily to the quality of dentist-patient interaction.
Nature of Crime, Duration of Stay, Parafunctional Habits and Periodontal Status in Prisoners
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Saha Sabyasachi , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Jagannath G.V.
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Oral health is an integral part of general health. It has long been recognized that preventive oral care is important in the prevention of oral diseases, which also has significant impact on general health.

Methods

This is a cross sectional survey, with a sample size of 1011 (826 males and 185 females) prisoners.

Results

Inmates belong to the age range of 18-80 years, with the mean age of 37.3±11.8 years. Overall about (25%) inmates had Para functional habits. Most common Para functional habit (22.6%) was bruxism‥ In hard core criminals Para functional habits (bruxism) was (18.1%) significantly higher (p<0.001) than in pity offenders (4.5%).

Conclusion

It can be concluded that nature of crime and duration of stay in prison was significantly associated with the development of parafunctional habits and also with worsened periodontal condition.
Awareness of Bio-medical Waste Management Among Dental College and Hospital Employees-A Panoramic View
Authors: Bala S , Narwal A
Published: July 2019

The Bio-medical waste (Management and handling) Rules 1988 lay down clear methods for disposal of bio-medical waste, defined as “any waste generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities used in the production or testing of biologicals.”

The current scenario in the country reveals partial or no segregation at the time of generation, which at times is done by the contractors, or the rag pickers. However, the improper practice of segregation at the site of origin has been observed which causes mixing of infectious and non-infectious waste. A study was therefore, conducted to understand the awareness amongst the employees as regards to Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) Management practices, policies and to assess their attitude towards it, in a premier tertiary level research and referral Institute in Haryana (India).
Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of Inmates in District Jail of Mathura City – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Gupta R , Dhanker K , Ingle NA , Kaur N
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To assess the oral health status and treatment needs of inmates of, District Jail Mathura.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross sectional study was carried out on the inmates (N=870) in the district jail of Mathura. Proforma related to general demographic information was filled by the examiner and the subjects were clinically examined using WHO 1997 “Oral Health Assessment Form

RESULTS

This study revealed that 92.5% of the inmates were male. 53.8% never visited the dentist & 87% never received any type of dental care during imprisonment. Prevalence of pro-mucosal lesion was 59.8%. Inmates had poor periodontal conditions and 79% inmates had dental caries with mean DMFT of 4.79.

CONCLUSION

Periodontal disease, mucosal lesions and dental caries are major public health problem among the inmates, which require special attention and efforts from government and other organizations to meet their treatment needs.
Use of Frenum in Determining the Original Vertical Position of Teeth
Authors: Prasad KD , Alva H
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To determine the functional position of labial, lingual and buccal frenii with the corresponding central incisor, premolar or molars in natural dentition.

Materials and method

20 dentate subjects between 20-40years of age were selected for the study. Maxillary and mandibular impressions were made and the distance from anterior attachment of frenum to the cusp tip of the corresponding tooth was measured.

Result

The mean distance between the anterior attachment of labial frenum to the incisal edge of incisor was 12.25mm, the mean distance between the anterior attachment of buccal frenum of right side to cusp tip of corresponding teeth was 12.75mm and left side was 12.8mm and the mean distance between the anterior attachment of lingual frenum to incisal edge of incisor was 15.4mm. The coefficient of variation were 14.7%, 16.65%, 15.75% and 6.4% respectively.

Conclusion

The distance between the anterior attachment of the frenum to the cusp tips/incisal edges can be used as a pre-extraction record for determining the original vertical position of teeth.
A Study of Dental Morbidity Among Fishermen Community in Rural Tamilnadu
Authors: Singh Z , LNU Senthilvel
Published: July 2019

Background

Very few data are available on the oral health condition among fisherfolk in rural areas of India. The external factors like diet, quality of dental hygiene and environmental factors have an effect on caries occurrence. The aim of the study was to assess the dental morbidity among fishermen community.

Materials and methods

A community based observational study was done among the fishermen community. Descriptive statistics, percentages and Chi square methods were used for analysis. p value <0.05 has been taken as statistically significant.

Results and conclusion

Majority of patients had sought treatment for symptomatic caries and younger age group patients sought treatment more than older age group. Education level and social class also reflected the morbidity status of the community. Findings have implications to develop strategies to increase the public awareness of oral hygiene in rural community.
Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance in Dentistry
Authors: Manjunath BC , Chandrashekar BR , Vatchala RRM , Babaji P , Singh I , Arora K , Madan C
Published: July 2019

Background

Antimicrobial agents are life saving drugs which are used in management of various life threatening infections but irrational use of antibiotics have led to resurgence of multidrug resistant bacteria which are associated with global increase in mortality due to various infections. Dentists are one among important health care personnel who prescribe antibiotics routinely to treat various oral infections.

Objectives

To summarise the evidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) encountered in dental practice, discuss factors associated with it and suggest measures to prevent antimicrobial resistance in dentistry.

Methodology

Articles were identified by searching in electronic data bases such as PubMed, Medline, Embase, Google Scholar and Cochrane data bases using key words like antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, and antibiotic resistance in dentistry. The articles fulfilling the objectives were included.

Results and Conclusions

Dentists also contribute significantly to the global burden of antimicrobial resistance due to irrational use of antibiotics. Antibiotic stewardship is essential to prevent antimicrobial resistance in dental practice and hence there is an urgent need to educate not only dentists but general public as well. The article describes the gravity of the AMR and the importance of prudent use of antibiotics is discussed.