bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some Novel Bis-α,β-Unsaturated Ketones, Nicotinonitrile, 1,2-Dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile, Fused Thieno[2,3-b]pyridine and Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine Derivatives
Authors: Altalbawy Farag
Published: January 2013

The title compounds were prepared by reaction of 1,1'-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3,4-diyl)diethanone (1) with different aromatic aldehydes 2a–c, namely Furfural (2a), 4-chlorobenzaldehyde (2b) and 4-methoxybenzaldhyde (2c) to yield the corresponding α,β-unsaturated ketones 3a–c. Compound 3 was reacted with malononitrile, 2-cyanoacetamide or 2-cyanothioacetamide yielded the corresponding bis[2-amino-6-(aryl)nicotinonitrile] 4a–c, bis[6-(2-aryl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile] 5a–c or bis[6-(2-aryl)-2-thioxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile] 6a,b, respectively. The reaction of compound 6a with each of 2-chloro-N-(4-bromophenyl) acetamide (7a), chloroacetamide (7b) in ethanolic sodium ethoxide solution at room temperature to give the corresponding 4,4'-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3,4-diyl)bis-6-(2-furyl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide] derivatives 9a,b. While compound 6a reacted with hydrazine hydrate yielded the 4,4'-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3,4-diyl)bis[6-(2-furyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amine] 11. The structures of the products were elucidated based on their spectral properties, elemental analyses and, wherever possible, by alternate synthesis. Antimicrobial evaluation of the products was carried out.
Iodinin (1,6-Dihydroxyphenazine 5,10-Dioxide) from Streptosporangium sp. Induces Apoptosis Selectively in Myeloid Leukemia Cell Lines and Patient Cells
Authors: Myhren Lene , Nygaard Gyrid , Gausdal Gro , Sletta Håvard , Teigen Knut , Degnes Kristin , Zahlsen Kolbjørn , Brunsvik Anders , Bruserud Øystein , Døskeland Stein , Selheim Frode , Herfindal Lars
Published: January 2013

Despite recent improvement in therapy, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still associated with high lethality. In the presented study, we analyzed the bioactive compound iodinin (1,6-dihydroxyphenazine 5,10-dioxide) from a marine actinomycetes bacterium for the ability to induce cell death in a range of cell types. Iodinin showed selective toxicity to AML and acute promyelocytic (APL) leukemia cells, with EC50 values for cell death up to 40 times lower for leukemia cells when compared with normal cells. Iodinin also successfully induced cell death in patient-derived leukemia cells or cell lines with features associated with poor prognostic such as FLT3 internal tandem duplications or mutated/deficient p53. The cell death had typical apoptotic morphology, and activation of apoptotic signaling proteins like caspase-3. Molecular modeling suggested that iodinin could intercalate between bases in the DNA in a way similar to the anti-cancer drug daunorubicin (DNR), causing DNA-strand breaks. Iodinin induced apoptosis in several therapy-resistant AML-patient blasts, but to a low degree in peripheral blood leukocytes, and in contrast to DNR, not in rat cardiomyoblasts. The low activity towards normal cell types that are usually affected by anti-leukemia therapy suggests that iodinin and related compounds represent promising structures in the development of anti-cancer therapy.
HPN, a Synthetic Analogue of Bromophenol from Red Alga Rhodomela confervoides: Synthesis and Anti-Diabetic Effects in C57BL/KsJ-db/db Mice
Authors: Shi Dayong , Guo Shuju , Jiang Bo , Guo Chao , Wang Tao , Zhang Luyong , Li Jingya
Published: January 2013

3,4-Dibromo-5-(2-bromo-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(isopropoxymethyl)benzyl)benzene-1,2-diol (HPN) is a synthetic analogue of 3,4-dibromo-5-(2-bromo-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(ethoxymethyl)benzyl)benzene-1,2-diol (BPN), which is isolated from marine red alga Rhodomela confervoides with potent protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition (IC50 = 0.84 μmol/L). The in vitro assay showed that HPN exhibited enhanced inhibitory activity against PTP1B with IC50 0.63 μmol/L and high selectivity against other PTPs (T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), leucocyte antigen-related tyrosine phosphatase (LAR), Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) and SHP-2). The results of antihyperglycemic activity using db/db mouse model demonstrated that HPN significantly decreased plasma glucose (P < 0.01) after eight weeks treatment period. HPN lowered serum triglycerides and total cholesterol concentration in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, both of the high and medium dose groups of HPN remarkably decreased HbA1c levels (P < 0.05). HPN in the high dose group markedly lowered the insulin level compared to the model group (P < 0.05), whereas the effects were less potent than the positive drug rosiglitazone. Western blotting results showed that HPN decreased PTP1B levels in pancreatic tissue. Last but not least, the results of an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test in Sprague–Dawley rats indicate that HPN have a similar antihyperglycemic activity as rosiglitazone. HPN therefore have potential for development as treatments for Type 2 diabetes.
Food Safety Attitudes in College Students: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis of a Conceptual Model
Authors: Booth Rachelle , Hernandez Magaly , Baker Erica , Grajales Tevni , Pribis Peter
Published: January 2013

College students are one of the most at-risk population groups for food poisoning, due to risky food safety behaviors. Using the Likert Scale, undergraduate students were asked to participate in a Food Safety Survey which was completed by 499 students ages 18–25. Data was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS statistical software. Four conceptual definitions regarding food safety were defined as: general food safety, bacterial food safety, produce food safety, and politics associated with food safety. Knowledge seems to be an important factor in shaping students attitudes regarding general and bacterial safety. Ethnicity plays a role in how people view the politics of food safety, and the safety of organic foods.
On the Design of a Bioacoustic Sensor for the Early Detection of the Red Palm Weevil
Authors: Rach Miguel , Gomis Héctor , Granado Otoniel , Malumbres Manuel , Campoy Antonio , Martín Juan
Published: January 2013

During the last two decades Red Palm Weevil (RPW, Rynchophorus Ferrugineus) has become one of the most dangerous threats to palm trees in many parts of the World. Its early detection is difficult, since palm trees do not show visual evidence of infection until it is too late for them to recover. For this reason the development of efficient early detection mechanisms is a critical element of RPW pest management systems. One of the early detection mechanisms proposed in the literature is based on acoustic monitoring, as the activity of RPW larvae inside the palm trunk is audible for human operators under acceptable environmental noise levels (rural areas, night periods, etc.). In this work we propose the design of an autonomous bioacoustic sensor that can be installed in every palm tree under study and is able to analyze the captured audio signal during large periods of time. The results of the audio analysis would be reported wirelessly to a control station, to be subsequently processed and conveniently stored. That control station is to be accessible via the Internet. It is programmed to send warning messages when predefined alarm thresholds are reached, thereby allowing supervisors to check on-line the status and evolution of the palm tree orchards. We have developed a bioacoustic sensor prototype and performed an extensive set of experiments to measure its detection capability, achieving average detection rates over 90%.
Impact économique des événements sportifs sur le territoire : une méthode d'analyse basée sur les échanges entre les parties prenantes
Authors: Barget Eric , Ferrand Alain
Published: January 2013

Résumé Les relations entre l’organisateur d’un événement sportif et ses parties prenantes sont à l’origine de son impact économique sur un territoire donné. L’évaluation et l’optimisation de cet impact sont essentielles pour l’organisateur, les collectivités territoriales et les acteurs locaux. Cet article propose une amélioration des méthodes de calcul de l’impact économique qui resitue les échanges entre les parties prenantes dans leur contexte territorial.
Œdipe en constances
Authors: Burdet Martina
Published: January 2013

Résumé Œdipe en constances se propose de conserver la spécificité du sexuel en psychanalyse face à certaines tendances présentes qui tendraient à privilégier l’écoute des premiers moments de la vie et à enclore ensemble Œdipe et névrose pour ne privilégier qu’un tout narcissique. Le complexe d’Œdipe diffère des considérations fructifères sur la tiercéité qui jouent le rôle d’annonciateurs des divers prototypes œdipiens. Face à la clinique actuelle des états limites où l’on décèle indéfectiblement une prévalence narcissique des investissements objectaux unis à un refoulement défectueux, à plusieurs niveaux différents, la conjugaison entre deux modèles de fonctionnement psychique (de l’imago à la représentation), l’articulation des deux paradigmes freudiens de l’hystérie et de la mélancolie ou encore la mise sur le métier de différents aspects de la bisexualité dans les deux sexes dans l’après-coup de la cure s’avèrent constituer des modèles fructifères.
Le Witz peut-il être une voie analytique ?
Authors: Botella César
Published: January 2013

Résumé La méthode classique s’avérant inefficace, voire néfaste, dans les traitements de patients dit boderline , le problème de la nécessité d’investiguer quels seraient les fondements d’une méthode adéquate est posé. Exploration métapsychologique du Witz qui a eu lieu en séance « construit » par le patient et l’analyste dans une simultanéité. Est-il une voie possible, parmi d’autres qui seraient à découvrir ?
L'hystérie primaire
Authors: Kamieniak Isabelle
Published: January 2013

Résumé Notion élaborée par D. Braunschweig et M. Fain en 1975, l’hystérie primaire propose une modélisation théorique de la naissance de la vie psychique qui s’appuie sur la nécessaire implication de l’objet mais aussi de l’objet de l’objet dans une dynamique qui repose sur la dimension libidinale de leur lien, autour du pivot de la censure de l’amante. Le noyau hystérique primaire qui s’y constitue sexualise l’excitation autour de la structure œdipienne en cadrant sa pulsionnalisation, l’émergence des représentations, la dynamique et l’organisation des différenciations topiques. Ainsi, l’hystérie primaire construit les fondations d’une structuration hystérique de la sexualité humaine corrélative d’une organisation hystérique du fonctionnement mental.
Saisons œdipiennes
Authors: Ithier Béatrice
Published: January 2013

Résumé Élargissant la référence à l’Œdipe précoce qui inaugure le rapport d’Albert Louppe, en évoquant une discussion dans la table ronde sur l’Œdipe primitif, l’auteur se livre à une confrontation de l’Œdipe primitif de Klein aux textes freudiens sur lesquels elle souhaite appuyer sa démonstration. Si, dans cette accentuation du sadisme et de l’incorporation précoce de l’objet, l’influence d’Abraham s’avère incontournable, l’influence de Freud, particulièrement celle redevable des développements de la deuxième topique, ne l’est pas moins. Si Klein, enfin, déclare que sa conceptualisation de l’Œdipe précoce est issue de sa clinique des enfants névrosés, celle-ci ne témoigne pas d’une véritable prise en compte du trauma dans son élaboration.
De la honte primaire à la culpabilité œdipienne
Authors: Pons Nicolas Sylvie
Published: January 2013

Résumé B. Grunberger postule que l’interdit de l’inceste protège le sujet contre le rappel du trauma narcissique initial lié à son impuissance intrinsèque. Ainsi les interdits externes permettraient de substituer à la honte, affect lié à la blessure narcissique, un sentiment de culpabilité. L’auteur se propose de montrer quels peuvent être les aléas de ces processus transformationnels et comment ils affectent l’organisation du moi. La honte primaire se retrouvant alors au premier plan de nombreuses conjonctures cliniques actuelles.
Œdipe(s) et meurtre(s) en procès, une issue à la psychose
Authors: Milleur Yannick
Published: January 2013

Résumé L’auteur met en regard la notion de préconception de l’Œdipe avec celle de fonctionnement psychotique . Il aborde la question sous l’angle de la dynamique pulsionnelle œdipienne de l’inceste et du meurtre à l’œuvre dans la psychose, et de ses destins possibles et leur articulation : sa réalisation pure vers la satisfaction, ou sa reprise en après-coup comme organisateur psychique. Le processus de meurtre fonde la dynamique de passage de l’une à l’autre. En appui sur la clinique de la psychose décompensée à l’âge adulte , seront mis en exergue les moments cliniques ouvrant sur ces possibles mutations processuelles fondatrices.
Dynamique œdipienne et espace transférentiel : le psychanalyste attracteur substituable
Authors: Lavallée Guy
Published: January 2013

Résumé La dynamique œdipienne se double d’un espace œdipien, permettant des déplacements perceptibles dans le transfert : c’est le règne de l’Œdipe comme attracteur (M. Ody). En dehors de la névrose, quand l’espace œdipien se réduit comme une peau de chagrin, il incombe à l’analyste d’ouvrir l’espace transférentiel et de le dynamiser. Pour ce faire, l’auteur propose de concevoir le travail de l’analyste comme celui d’un attracteur transférentiel substituable à tous les objets du patient.
Œdipe(s) au pays des Jivaros ou le drame œdipien du psychanalyste
Authors: Cabrol Guy
Published: January 2013

Résumé Le destin de l’analyste est une confrontation permanente aux drames œdipiens par le jeu transféro-contre-transférentiel du couple analytique où, in effigie mais en personne, il occupe toutes les places, au nom d’Œdipe, objet transitionnel culturel. Comment s’opère la transgression œdipienne de devenir analyste et prendre la place symbolique de son propre analyste et rejoindre la place des pairs ? Comment s’inscrit dans le transgénérationnel psychanalytique, les théories et les mythes de la tribu des Jivaros ?
L'humour au vif du transfert
Authors: Dispaux Marie-France
Published: January 2013

Résumé À l’ occasion de la « carte blanche » autour de Jean-Luc Donnet, l’auteur a repris leur sujet, l’humour , sous l’angle de son intérêt pour les micro-transformations dans le décours d’une séance, en lien avec une intervention de l’analyste. Le texte de Freud sur l’humour se termine par une constatation: nous avons beaucoup à apprendre sur l’essence du Surmoi. Les subtiles variations au cours d’une séance nous permettent de le constater une fois encore, comme l’auteur le développe au cours du déroulement de deux séances.
Le rapport moi-surmoi et la subjectivation
Authors: Zilkha Nathalie
Published: January 2013

Résumé Comment le moi gagne-t-il en liberté, en jeu, dans son rapport au surmoi et qu’est-ce qui peut venir complexifier ce mouvement ? La désidentification implique une opposition potentielle du moi au surmoi. Si elle ne va véritablement jamais de soi, qu’en est-il lorsque prédomine une figure imagoique qui semble hypnotiser le moi ? Une séquence cinématographique tirée de Dr Mabuse le Joueur de Fritz Lang servira de point de départ pour cette réflexion. La resexualisation du surmoi, paradigmatique de l’adolescence, confronte à d’autres enjeux de subjectivation. Comment l’interprétation, et notamment l’interprétation humoristique, peut-elle répondre à ces difficultés ? Quelques réflexions sur la fonction de l’humour dans la cure concluent l’article.
Pour un leadership étudiant vers l’écodéveloppement des universités et des collèges
Authors: Boutet Marc
Published: January 2013

Les étudiants et les étudiantes peuvent et doivent exercer un leadership pour orienter les institutions d’enseignement supérieur vers un écodéveloppement durable. Dans cet article, nous exposons un plan d'écodéveloppement qui vise à favoriser le passage de l'intention aux actions en misant sur les étudiantes et les étudiants pour faire des universités et des cégeps des institutions exemplaires, non seulement par le cadre de vie qu'elles offrent, mais aussi, et surtout, par le contenu de leurs programmes de formation et de recherche. Un élément central de ce plan est l'apprentissage du service communautaire par lequel les connaissances et ressources des étudiantes et des étudiants peuvent être mobilisées au service de la communauté. C’est pourquoi nous discutons également des enjeux et des conséquences d'un tel engagement citoyen, notamment à la lumière des résultats d'une analyse faite dans le cadre d'un cours d'éducation à l'environnement et au développement durable offert à l’Université de Sherbrooke. Dans un troisième temps, nous décrivons un projet de création d’un portail web qui permettrait à des étudiantes et des étudiants de l’Université de Sherbrooke d’utiliser les compétences disciplinaires développées dans leurs cours ou projets de recherche pour aider des organismes communautaires œuvrant pour le développement viable de la région à mieux accomplir leur mission.
Stratégies d’action pour l’intégration du développement durable à la formation postsecondaire
Authors: Bisaillon Véronique , Webster Alain
Published: January 2013

Avec le soutien financier du ministère de l’Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport du Québec, deux universités et cinq cégeps québécois se sont unis dans le cadre d’un projet visant l’intégration du développement durable à la formation collégiale et universitaire. Dans le cadre de ce projet, l’intégration du développement durable à la formation se fait selon quatre niveaux : celui de l’accompagnement des professeurs, celui de l’intégration dans les programmes, celui de l’intégration institutionnelle et enfin, celui de la collaboration régionale entre les établissements. Cet article plaide pour une stratégie à géométrie variable et intégrée, c.-à-d., qui reconnaît d’une part l’expertise des professeurs dans leur domaine tout en déployant des actions structurantes à l’échelle des programmes et des établissements dans le respect du contexte institutionnel. Il apparaît que l’intégration du développement durable au parcours des étudiants passe non seulement par la voie scolaire, mais aussi par les activités périscolaires ou parascolaires, voire par l’ensemble du cadre de vie qu’offre l’établissement. L’enjeu du développement durable est l’occasion, pour nos cégeps1 et universités, de développer une culture institutionnelle où se renforcent mutuellement les activités d’enseignement, de recherche et de gestion institutionnelle, tout en resserrant les liens avec la collectivité.
Retroperitoneal Approach for Recurrent Benign Multicystic Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Authors: Bakhshi Girish D. , Wankhede Kishor R. , Tayade Mukund B. , Bhandarwar Ajay H. , Gore Sandeep T. , Choure Dayanand D.
Published: January 2013

Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma (BMPM) is an uncommon lesion. It presents as a lump in abdomen or a finding seen on imaging modalities. Surgery is the primary modality of treatment. However, it has a high recurrence rate; this results in adhesions and subsequent surgeries difficult. We present a case of recurrent BMPM in a female operated twice earlier in a rural centre. Imaging modalities showed majority of the lesion in paracolic and retroperitoneal region. Hence, retroperitoneal approach for surgery was taken. This avoided previous surgical adhesions. A brief case report on this novel approach and review of literature is presented.
Depression treatment in individuals with cancer: a comparative analysis with cardio-metabolic conditions
Authors: Rane Pallavi B. , Sambamoorthi Usha , Madhavan Suresh
Published: January 2013

A clear picture of the current state of nationwide depression treatment practices in individuals with cancer and depression does not exist in the United States (US). Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to examine rates of any depression treatment among individuals with cancer and depression in the US. To better understand the relationship between any treatment for depression and presence of cancer, we used a comparison group of individuals with cardio-metabolic conditions owing to the similar challenges faced in management of depression in individuals with these conditions. We used a retrospective cross-sectional design and data from multiple years of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a nationally representative household-survey on healthcare utilization and expenditures. Study sample consisted of adults aged 21 or older with self-reported depression and cancer (n=528) or self-reported depression and diabetes, heart disease or hypertension (n=1643). Depression treatment comprised of any use of antidepres- sants and/or any use of mental health counseling services. Treatment rates for depression were 78.0% and 81.7% among individuals with cancer and cardio-metabolic conditions respectively. After controlling for socio-demographic, access-to-care, number of physician-visits, health-status, and lifestyle risk-factors related variables; individuals with cancer were less likely to report any treatment for depression (Adjusted Odds Ratio=0.67; 95% Confidence Interval=0.49, 0.92) compared to individuals with cardio-metabolic conditions (P≤0.01). Our findings highlight the possibility that competing demands may crowd out treatment for depression and that cancer diagnosis may be a barrier to depression treatment.
Human Dental Pulp Facilitates Bone Regeneration in a Rat Bone Defect Model
Authors: Kawai Gou , Ohno Takatoshi , Kawaguchi Tomoko , Nagano Akihito , Saito Mitsuru , Takigami Iori , Matsuhashi Aya , Yamada Kazunari , Hosono Kazuhiro , Tezuka Ken-Ichi , Kunisada Takahiro , Hara Akira , Shimizu Katsuji
Published: January 2013

The objective of this work was to investigate the osteogenetic ability of the human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) derived from human third molars. We induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) mRNA expression, the markers for bone formation, in hDPSCs by using osteoinductive factors. The implantation of hDPSCs with collagen sponge promoted osteogenesis and fracture healing in the femur of an immunocompromised rat, which was a bone defect model for pseudoarthrosis. Histological analyses revealed that after implantation of the hDPSCs, the size and number of osteoblasts and the rates of osteoid production and mineralization increased to an appreciable extent, whereas the rate of bone resorption decreased. We believe that hDPSC implantation is a simple and safe procedure that can be beneficial in bone regeneration therapy in clinical practice.
An Integrative Genomics Approach for Associating GWAS Information with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Hicks Chindo , Kumar Ranjit , Pannuti Antonio , Backus Kandis , Brown Alexandra , Monico Jesus , Miele Lucio
Published: January 2013

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic variants associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer. However, the association of genetic variants and their associated genes with the most aggressive subset of breast cancer, the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), remains a central puzzle in molecular epidemiology. The objective of this study was to determine whether genes containing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer are connected to and could stratify different subtypes of TNBC. Additionally, we sought to identify molecular pathways and networks involved in TNBC. We performed integrative genomics analysis, combining information from GWAS studies involving over 400,000 cases and over 400,000 controls, with gene expression data derived from 124 breast cancer patients classified as TNBC (at the time of diagnosis) and 142 cancer-free controls. Analysis of GWAS reports produced 500 SNPs mapped to 188 genes. We identified a signature of 159 functionally related SNP-containing genes which were significantly ( P < 10−5) associated with and stratified TNBC. Additionally, we identified 97 genes which were functionally related to, and had similar patterns of expression profiles, SNP-containing genes. Network modeling and pathway prediction revealed multi-gene pathways including p53, NFkB, BRCA, apoptosis, DNA repair, DNA mismatch, and excision repair pathways enriched for SNPs mapped to genes significantly associated with TNBC. The results provide convincing evidence that integrating GWAS information with gene expression data provides a unified and powerful approach for biomarker discovery in TNBC.
Musculo-Skeletal Abnormalities in Patients with Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Kaissi Ali Al , Zwettler Elisabeth , Ganger Rudolf , Schreiner Simone , Klaushofer Klaus , Grill Franz
Published: January 2013

Background

A leptosomic body type is tall and thin with long hands. Marfanoid features may be familial in nature or pathological, as occurs in congenital contractual arachnodactyly (Beal's syndrome) and Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome mimicking some of the changes of Marfan syndrome, although not accompanied by luxation of lens and dissecting aneurysm of aorta.

Methods

In this article we collected eight patients who were consistent with the diagnosis of Marfan syndrome via phenotypic and genotypic characterization.

Results

Our patients manifested a constellation of variable presentations of musculo-skeletal abnormalities ranging from developmental dysplasia of the hip, protrusio acetabuli, leg length inequality, patellar instability, scoliosis, to early onset osteoarthritis. Each abnormality has been treated accordingly.

Conclusion

This is the first paper which includes the diagnosis and the management of the associated musculo-skeletal abnormalities in patients with Marfan syndrome, stressing that patients with Marfan syndrome are exhibiting great variability in the natural history and the severity of musculo-skeletal abnormalities.
Trends in Hysterectomy for Genital Prolapse: Rural Experience
Authors: Chhabra Shakuntala , Ramteke Manjiri , Mehta Sonali , Bhole Nisha , Yadav Yojna
Published: January 2013

The present study was conducted to investigate the trends of vaginal hysterectomy for genital prolapse in last 20 years by analyzing case records of affected women.

During the analysis period, 4831 women underwent hysterectomy; records of 4223 (87.5%) were available. Of these, 911 (21.6%), 2.7% of 34,080 gynecological admissions, had vaginal hysterectomy for genital prolapse (study subjects).

Eighty percent women who had vaginal hysterectomy for genital prolapse were over 40 years of age; however, most of these women had had the disorder for years before they presented. Only 4 (0.4%) women had not given birth, 874 (96%) women had had two or more births, and 383 (42%) had had 5 or more births. Having given birth was the major factor responsible for genital prolapse. In all, 94.2% of women presented with something coming out of the vagina.” Some women presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding or pain in abdomen as the chief complaint although they had had uterovaginal prolapse for years.

There was no mortality and morbidity decreased over the years. There has been no change in the rate of vaginal hysterectomy for genital prolapse over the years. Surgical morbidity decreased trend, possibly because of the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative precautions taken, especially preoperative treatment of urinary and genital tract infection.

Attempts need to be made to have safe births and a healthy life style so as to prevent genital prolapse and in case it occurs, therapy to prevent progression so that major interventions like hysterectomy are averted. Meticulous preoperative evaluation and planned therapy help in reducing surgical morbidity, if surgery becomes essential.
Causas da evasão em cursos de capacitação de técnicos em instituição de ensino superior
Authors: Cesar Cecilia Estela Ferreira da Silva , Bruno-Faria Maria de Fátima
Published: January 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1983-4535.2013v6n1p287Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as causas da evasão em cursos ofertados aos servidores técnicos administrativos em uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior localizada no Distrito Federal. Dentre os diferentes conceitos de evasão adotou-se a concepção de Silva Filho (2007), que considera como a situação em que o aluno não conclui um curso no qual se matriculou, em qualquer uma de suas fases (início, meio ou próximo ao final). Foi adotada como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa com o uso das técnicas de análise de documento e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A pesquisa qualitativa procurou identificar as causas da evasão, seus índices por período e estratégias para a sua redução. Os resultados revelaram que os maiores índices de evasão se apresentam no começo do curso. Esses foram motivados por fatores organizacionais como, falta de apoio da chefia, excesso de trabalho, falta de informações sobre as regras de oferta dos cursos e horário das aulas. Constatou-se também que as causas da evasão assemelham-se as encontradas em vários estudos realizados, apesar do foco destas pesquisas serem a evasão em cursos presenciais de nível superior e não cursos de capacitação, embora alguns aspectos típicos da realidade da IFES tenham sido evidenciados neste estudo. Também foram apresentadas sugestões de estratégias que visassem à redução da evasão.
Aerosol effects on the cloud-field properties of tropical convective clouds
Authors: Lee S.-S. , Feingold G.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Aerosol effects on condensed water and precipitation in a tropical cloud system driven by deep convective clouds are investigated for two-dimensional simulations of two-day duration. Although an assumed ten-fold increase in aerosol concentration results in a similar temporal evolution of mean precipitation and a small (9%) difference in cumulative precipitation between the high- and low-aerosol cases, the characteristics of the convection are much more sensitive to aerosol. The convective mass flux, and temporal evolution and frequency distribution of the condensed water path WP (sum of liquid and ice water paths) differ significantly between unperturbed and aerosol-perturbed simulations. There are concomitant differences in the relative importance of individual microphysical processes and the frequency distribution of the precipitation rate (P). With increasing aerosol, (i) the convective mass flux increases, leading to increases in condensation, cloud liquid, and accretion of cloud liquid by precipitation; (ii) autoconversion of cloud water to rain water decreases; (iii) the WP spatial distribution becomes more homogeneous; (iv) there is an increase in the frequencies of high and low WP and P and a decrease in these frequencies at the mid-range of WP and P. Thus while aerosol perturbations have a negligible influence on total precipitation amount, for the case considered, they do have substantial influence on the spatiotemporal distribution of convection and precipitation.
Observations of fluorescent and biological aerosol at a high-altitude site in Central France
Authors: Gabey A. M. , Vaitilingom M. , Freney E. , Boulon J. , Sellegri K. , Gallagher M. W. , Crawford I. P. , Robinson N. H. , Stanley W. R. , Kaye P. H.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Total bacteria, fungal spore and yeast counts were compared with UV Light-Induced Fluorescence (UV-LIF) measurements of ambient aerosol at the summit of the Puy de Dôme (pdD) mountain in Central France (1465 m a.s.l), which represents a background elevated site. Bacteria, fungal spores and yeast were enumerated by epifluorescence microscopy (EFM) and found to number 2.2 to 23 L−1 and 0.8 to 2 L−1, respectively. Bacteria counts on two successive nights were an order of magnitude larger than in the intervening day. A Wide Issue Bioaerosol Spectrometer, version 3 (WIBS-3) was used to perform UV-LIF measurements on ambient aerosol sized 0.8 to 20 μm. Mean total number concentration was 270 L−1 (σ = 66 L−1) found predominantly in a size mode at 2 μm for most of the campaign. Total concentration (fluorescent + non-fluorescent aerosol) peaked at 500 L−1 with a size mode at 1 μm because of a change in air mass origin lasting around 48 h. The WIBS-3 features two excitation and fluorescence detection wavelengths corresponding to different biological molecules. The mean fluorescent particle concentration after short-wave (280 nm; Tryptophan) excitation was 12 L−1 (σ = 6 L−1), and did not vary much through the campaign. In contrast the mean concentration of particles fluorescent after long-wave (370 nm; NADH) excitation was 95 L−1 (σ = 25 L−1), and a nightly rise and subsequent fall of up to 100 L−1 formed a strong diurnal cycle in the latter. The fluorescent populations exhibited size modes at 3 μm and 2 to 3 μm, respectively. A hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis algorithm was applied to the data and used to extract different particle factors. A cluster concentration time series representative of bacteria was identified. This was found to exhibit a diurnal cycle with a maximum peak appearing during the day. Analysis of organic mass spectra recorded using an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS; Aerodyne Inc.) suggests that aerosol reaching the site at night was more aged than that during the day, indicative of sampling the residual layer at night. Supplementary meteorological data and previous work also show that pdD lies in the residual layer/free troposphere at night, and this is thought to cause the observed diurnal cycles in organic-type and fluorescent aerosol particles. Based on the observed disparity between bacteria and fluorescent particle concentrations, fluorescent non-PBA is likely to be important in the WIBS-3 data and the surprisingly high fluorescent concentration in the residual layer/free troposphere raises questions about a ubiquitous background in continental air during the summer.
The influence of cruise ship emissions on air pollution in Svalbard – a harbinger of a more polluted Arctic?
Authors: Eckhardt S. , Hermansen O. , Grythe H. , Fiebig M. , Stebel K. , Cassiani M. , Baecklund A. , Stohl A.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. In this study we have analyzed whether tourist cruise ships have an influence on measured sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), Aitken mode particle and equivalent black carbon (EBC) concentrations at Ny Ålesund and Zeppelin Mountain on Svalbard in the Norwegian Arctic, during summer. We separated the measurement data set into periods when ships were present and periods when no ships were present in the Kongsfjord area, according to a long-term record of the number of passengers visiting Ny Ålesund. We show that when ships with more than 50 passengers cruise in the Kongsfjord, measured daytime-mean concentrations of 60-nm particles and EBC in summer show enhancements of 72 and 45% relative to values when no ships are present. Even larger enhancements of 81 and 72% were found for stagnant conditions. In contrast, O3 concentrations were 5% lower on average and 7% lower under stagnant conditions, due to titration of O3 with the emitted nitric oxide (NO). The differences between the two data subsets are largest for the highest measured percentiles while relatively small differences were found for the median concentrations, indicating that ship plumes are sampled relatively infrequently even when ships are generally present but carry high concentrations. We estimate that the ships increased the total summer mean concentrations of SO2, 60-nm particles and EBC by 15, 18 and 11%, respectively. Our findings have two important implications: firstly, even at such a remote Arctic observatory as Zeppelin, the measurements can be influenced by tourist ship emissions. Careful data screening is recommended before summer-time Zeppelin data is used for data analysis or for comparison with global chemistry transport models. However, Zeppelin remains one of the most valuable Arctic observatories, as most other Arctic observatories face even larger local pollution problems. Secondly, given landing statistics of tourist ships on Svalbard, it is suspected that large parts of the Svalbard archipelago are affected by cruise ship emissions. Thus, our results may be taken as a warning signal of future pan-Arctic conditions, if Arctic shipping becomes more frequent and emission regulations are not strict enough.
Quantification of methane emission rates from coal mine ventilation shafts using airborne remote sensing data
Authors: Krings T. , Gerilowski K. , Buchwitz M. , Hartmann J. , Sachs T. , Erzinger J. , Burrows J. P. , Bovensmann H.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. The quantification of emissions of the greenhouse gas methane is essential for attributing the roles of anthropogenic activity and natural phenomena in global climate change. Our current measurement systems and networks, whilst having improved during the last decades, are deficient in many respects. For example, the emissions from localised and point sources such as landfills or fossil fuel exploration sites are not readily assessed. A tool developed to better understand point sources of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane is the optical remote sensing instrument MAMAP (Methane airborne MAPper), operated from aircraft. After a recent instrument modification, retrievals of the column-averaged dry air mole fractions for methane XCH4 (or for carbon dioxide XCO2) derived from MAMAP data have a precision of about 0.4% or better and thus can be used to infer emission rate estimates using an optimal estimation inverse Gaussian plume model or a simple integral approach. CH4 emissions from two coal mine ventilation shafts in western Germany surveyed during the AIRMETH 2011 measurement campaign are used as examples to demonstrate and assess the value of MAMAP data for quantifying CH4 from point sources. While the knowledge of the wind is an important input parameter in the retrieval of emissions from point sources and is generally extracted from models, additional information from a turbulence probe operated on-board the same aircraft was utilised to enhance the quality of the emission estimates. Although flight patterns were optimised for remote sensing measurements, data from an in situ analyser for CH4 were found to be in good agreement with retrieved dry columns of CH4 from MAMAP and could be used to investigate and refine underlying assumptions for the inversion procedures. With respect to the total emissions of the mine at the time of the overflight, the inferred emission rate of 50.4 kt CH4 yr−1 has a difference of less than 1% compared to officially reported values by the mine operators, while the uncertainty, which reflects variability of the sources and conditions as well as random and systematic errors, is about ±13.5%.
Short-term dispersal of Fukushima-derived radionuclides off Japan: modeling efforts and model-data intercomparison
Authors: Rypina I. I. , Jayne S. R. , Yoshida S. , Macdonald A. M. , Douglass E. , Buesseler K.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. The March of 2011 earthquake and tsunami that caused a loss of power at the Fukushima nuclear power plants (FNPP) resulted in emission of radioactive isotopes into the atmosphere and the ocean. In June of 2011, an international survey of various radionuclide isotopes, including 137Cs, was conducted in surface and subsurface waters off Japan. This paper presents the results of numerical simulations aimed at interpreting these observations, investigating the spread of Fukushima-derived radionuclides off the coast of Japan and into the greater Pacific Ocean, studying the dominant mechanisms governing this process, as well as estimating the total amount of radionuclides in discharged coolant waters and atmospheric airborne radionuclide fallout. The numerical simulations are based on two different ocean circulation models, one inferred from AVISO altimetry and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis wind stress, and the second generated numerically by the NCOM model. Our simulations determine that >95% of 137Cs remaining in the water within ~600 km of Fukushima, Japan in mid-June 2011 was due to the direct oceanic discharge. The estimated strength of the oceanic source is 16.2 ± 1.6 PBq, based on minimizing the model-data mismatch. We cannot make an accurate estimate for the atmospheric source strength since most of the fallout cesium would have moved out of the survey area by mid-June. The model explained several features of the observed 137Cs distribution. First, the absence of 137Cs at the southernmost stations is attributed to the Kuroshio Current acting as a transport barrier against the southward progression of 137Cs. Second, the largest 137Cs concentrations were associated with a semi-permanent eddy that entrained 137Cs-rich waters collecting and stirring them around the eddy perimeter. Finally, the intermediate 137Cs concentrations at the westernmost stations were attributed to younger, and therefore less Cs-rich, coolant waters that continued to leak from the reactor in June of that year.
A biomarker record of Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic: investigating sources of organic matter and carbon cycling during marine isotope stages 1–3
Authors: Holland A. R. , Petsch S. T. , Castañeda I. S. , Wilkie K. M. , Burns S. J. , Brigham-Grette J.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Arctic paleoenvironmental archives serve as sensitive recorders of past climate change. Lake El'gygytgyn (Far East Russian Arctic) is a high-latitude crater impact lake that contains a continuous sediment record influenced by neither glaciation nor glacial erosion since the time of impact 3.58 Ma ago. Prior research on sediments collected from Lake El'gygytgyn suggest times of permanent ice cover and anoxia corresponding to global glacial intervals, during which the sediments are laminated and are characterized by the co-occurrence of high total organic carbon, microscopic magnetite grains that show etching and dissolution, and negative excursions in bulk sediment organic matter carbon isotope (δ13C) values. Here we investigate the abundance and carbon isotopic composition of lipid biomarkers recovered from Lake El'gygytgyn sediments spanning marine isotope stages 1–3 to identify key sources of organic matter (OM) to lake sediments, to establish which OM sources drive the negative δ13C excursion exhibited by bulk sediment OM, and to explore if there are molecular and isotopic signatures of anoxia in the lake during glaciation. We find that during marine isotope stages 1–3, direct evidence for water column anoxia is lacking. A ~4‰ negative excursion in bulk sediment δ13C values during the Local Last Glacial Maximum (LLGM) is accompanied by more protracted, higher magnitude negative excursions in n-alkanoic acid and n-alkanol δ13C values that begin 20 kyr in advance of the LLGM. In contrast, n-alkanes and the C30 n-alkanoic acid do not exhibit a negative δ13C excursion at this time. Our results indicate that the C24, C26 and C28 n-alkanoic acids do not derive entirely from terrestrial OM sources, while the C30 n-alkanoic acid at Lake El'gygytgyn is a robust indicator of terrestrial OM contributions. Overall, our results strongly support the presence of a nutrient-poor water column, which is mostly isolated from atmospheric carbon dioxide during glaciation at Lake El'gygytgyn.
The impact of heterogeneous surface temperatures on the 2-m air temperature over the Arctic Ocean under clear skies in spring
Authors: Tetzlaff A. , Kaleschke L. , Lüpkes C. , Ament F. , Vihma T.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. The influence of spatial surface temperature changes over the Arctic Ocean on the 2-m air temperature variability is estimated using backward trajectories based on ERA-Interim and JRA25 wind fields. They are initiated at Alert, Barrow and at the Tara drifting station. Three different methods are used. The first one compares mean ice surface temperatures along the trajectories to the observed 2-m air temperatures at the stations. The second one correlates the observed temperatures to air temperatures obtained using a simple Lagrangian box model that only includes the effect of sensible heat fluxes. For the third method, mean sensible heat fluxes from the model are correlated with the difference of the air temperatures at the model starting point and the observed temperatures at the stations. The calculations are based on MODIS ice surface temperatures and four different sets of ice concentration derived from SSM/I (Special Sensor Microwave Imager) and AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS) data. Under nearly cloud-free conditions, up to 90% of the 2-m air temperature variance can be explained for Alert, and 70% for Barrow, using these methods. The differences are attributed to the different ice conditions, which are characterized by high ice concentration around Alert and lower ice concentration near Barrow. These results are robust for the different sets of reanalyses and ice concentration data. Trajectories based on 10-m wind fields from both reanalyses show large spatial differences in the Central Arctic, leading to differences in the correlations between modeled and observed 2-m air temperatures. They are most pronounced at Tara, where explained variances amount to 70% using JRA and 80% using ERA. The results also suggest that near-surface temperatures at a given site are influenced by the variability of surface temperatures in a domain of about 200 km radius around the site.
Suicidal Ideation in a Population-Based Sample of Adolescents: Implications for Family Medicine Practice
Authors: Fuller-Thomson Esme , Hamelin Gail P. , Granger Stephen J. R.
Published: January 2013

Introduction. This study investigated the relationship between suicidal ideation and demographic characteristics, health conditions, depression, and health care utilization patterns among adolescents.Methods. Secondary analysis of the regionally representative Canadian Community Health Survey conducted in 2000/2001 (response rate 85%). Adolescents aged 15 to 19 who reported suicidal ideation in the previous year (n=260) were compared with their peers who did not (n=5528). The association between suicidal ideation and socio-demographic and health characteristics were investigated.Findings. Almost three-quarters (73%) of suicidal adolescents had not spoken with any health professional about mental health issues in the preceding year. Despite the fact that 80% of suicidal adolescents had regular contact with their family doctor, only 5% had consulted with them about mental health issues. In addition to the well-known risk factors of depression and stress, suicidal ideation was highly elevated in adolescents with two or more chronic health conditions, self-reported poor health, migraines, and back pain and those whose activities were prevented by pain (P<.05). Other characteristics significantly correlated with suicidal ideation included smoking, living in single parent families, and having lower levels of social support.Conclusions. Family physicians should regularly screen for suicidal thoughts in their adolescent patients with these characteristics.
No Time? Or No Time Like the Present?
Authors: Cox Carrie Ricker
Published: January 2013

AWWA has changed my path in more ways than I can count. I am no longer just an employee of an engineering firm. I have my own professional identity on both the national and local levels. AWWA helped me find a place to share my vision, and I am making a difference. I want other young professionals to know that they too can find a way to make a difference. If you have a vision and the drive to see it through, AWWA's YP group can help you get there. No time? Think of it as no time like the present.