bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: Introducing DDEC6 atomic population analysis: part 1. Charge partitioning theory and methodology
Authors: Manz Thomas A. , Limas Nidia Gabaldon
Published: May 2022

Correction for ‘Introducing DDEC6 atomic population analysis: part 1. Charge partitioning theory and methodology’ by Thomas A. Manz et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 47771–47801, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA04656H.
Covalent labeling of a chromatin reader domain using proximity-reactive cyclic peptides
Authors: Zhang Meng Yao , Yang Hyunjun , Ortiz Gloria , Trnka Michael J. , Petronikolou Nektaria , Burlingame Alma L. , DeGrado William F. , Fujimori Danica Galonić
Published: May 2022

We describe the development of covalent cyclic peptide ligands which target a chromatin methylation reader domain using a proximity-reactive sulfonyl fluoride moiety.
Changes in Acoustic Absorbance Pre– and Post–Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Racca Jordan M. , Jones Laura L. , Dwyer Robert T. , Ferguson Mary , Sunderhaus Linsey , Hood Linda J. , Gifford René H.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Until recently, there has been little investigation on the effects of cochlear implantation on the transmission of acoustic stimuli through the middle-ear system. Recent studies have shown that cochlear implantation decreases low-frequency acoustic absorbance, consistent with a stiffer middle-ear system postsurgery. The objectives of this study are (a) to investigate the time course of changes in acoustic absorbance post–cochlear implantation in the implanted ear and (b) to compare changes in acoustic absorbance between implanted and nonimplanted ears over time.

Method:

Seventeen adult cochlear implant (CI) recipients within 6 months of device activation participated in this study. Wideband acoustic absorbance was measured in both ears at one to six different time points from pre-implantation up to 6-month postactivation. Analyses examined (a) changes in acoustic absorbance as compared to pre-implantation and (b) differences in acoustic absorbance between implanted and nonimplanted ears over time.

Results:

Acoustic absorbance in the implanted ear decreased postsurgery for frequencies lower than 1.5 kHz and persisted through at least 6-month postactivation. We also observed that the spectral range of decreased acoustic absorbance in the implanted ear decreased with longer time postsurgery. Differences in acoustic absorbance between implanted and nonimplanted ears occurred over a broad spectral range at the activation time point and persisted through at least 3-month postactivation, though for a narrower spectral range at the later time point.

Conclusions:

Cochlear implantation increased middle-ear stiffness as indicated by decreased acoustic absorbance of low-frequency acoustic power. The findings of this study are consistent with those of previous studies and may have important implications toward understanding spatial hearing and programming of acoustic components for CI-combined electric and binaural acoustic stimulation patients.
Prediction of overshoot and crosstalk of low‐voltage GaN HEMT using analytical model
Authors: Wu Yingzhe , Yin Shan , Dong Minghai , Jin Shoudong , Li Hui , Cheng Yuhua , See Kye Yak
Published: May 2022

Ultra‐fast switching speed and low switching loss of the gallium nitride high electron mobility transistors enable the realisation of high power density converter with excellent conversion efficiency. However, the rapid switching transition leads to significant overshoot and crosstalk issues that can degrade the performance of the devices. To facilitate the evaluation of these effects on low‐voltage gallium nitride devices, this paper develops an analytical model to predict overshoot and crosstalk during switching transitions accurately and efficiently. The model is constructed based on the detailed circuit deduction of various stages of the device's switching process. It also considers the voltage‐dependent junction capacitances as well as the forward and the reverse transconductances. The simulated results obtained from the model are validated experimentally. With the model, the impacts of parasitic elements, especially the power loop inductance, on voltage/current overshoots and spurious voltage due to crosstalk can be easily evaluated, which provides valuable design guidelines for power conversion applications using low‐voltage gallium nitride high electron mobility transistor.
Terminologie der Blutgruppenantigene und -antikörper
Authors: Wagner Franz F. , Weinstock Christof
Published: May 2022

Für den Austausch von immunhämatologischen Befunden und für die Versorgung mit Blutpräparaten ist es erforderlich, dass alle Beteiligten das Gleiche meinen, wenn sie über
Blutgruppenantigene und Antikörper sprechen. Eine Arbeitsgruppe der International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) erarbeitet die dafür erforderliche Terminologie und passt diese den
neuen Erkenntnissen regelmäßig an. Dieser Beitrag berichtet über den aktuellen Stand der international gebräuchlichen Terminologie der Blutgruppenantigene und die Empfehlungen der deutschen
Richtlinie.
Traditionelle chinesische Medizin bei EOTRH – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Küffner Friederike
Published: May 2022

Aus Sicht der TCVM sind die Zähne der Niere zugeordnet, die als Speicher der Jing-Essenz Knochen, Mark und Zähnen die notwendige Stabilität verleiht. Zahnerkrankungen müssen demzufolge
grundlegend durch eine Stärkung der Niere angegangen werden. Im Falle der EOTRH kann eine Kombination aus Akupunktur, Kräutermischungen und chinesischen Rezepturen die Erkrankung zwar nicht
heilen, die pathologisch-resorptiven Prozesse jedoch deutlich verlangsamen und eine Schmerzreduktion ohne Einsatz von NSAIDs o. Ä. erreichen. Im Fall von Ferramo ließ sich somit unter
Wahrung einer guten Lebensqualität die Extraktion der befallenen Zähne hinauszögern.
Einsatz von Wickeln und arzneipflanzenhaltigen Auflagen bei Rückenproblemen
Authors: Brendieck-Worm Cäcilia , Thoonsen Yvonne
Published: May 2022

Wickel und Auflagen mit Arzneipflanzenzubereitungen aktivieren sowohl lokal als auch systemisch über das Vegetativum und den segmental-reflektorischen Komplex weitreichende körpereigene
Regulationsmechanismen. Ihre Anwendung im Bereich des Rückens ist mit etwas Übung und geeigneten Wickeltüchern technisch unproblematisch und bringt dem Tier bei sachgerechter Anwendung in
der Regel prompte Linderung seiner Beschwerden.
Erfolgreiche laparoskopische roboterassistierte operative Therapie bei beidseitigen ureteroischialen Hernien (Lindbom's Hernie) und Beckenniere
Authors: Kajaia David , Strohm Peter , Weingärtner Karl , Zugor Vahudin , Alawneh Mohammad , Hager Benjamin
Published: May 2022

Die ureteroischiale Hernie ist eine selten beschriebene Pathologie die für den behandelnden Arzt eine diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung darstellt. Wir stellen in diesem Fallbericht eine Patientin mit symptomatischen beidseitigen ureteroischialen Hernien, sowie einer Beckenniere links vor. Die definitive operative Therapie der Hernien erfolgte in roboterassistierter, laparoskopischer Technik.

Laut unserer Literaturrecherche ist dies der zweite publizierte Fall bilateraler ureteroischialer Hernien, welche laparoskopisch roboterassistiert erfolgreich operiert wurden. Darüber hinaus ist es der erste Fall, in welchem simultan eine Beckenniere vorlag.

In dieser Arbeit präsentieren wir den vierten bekannten Fall eines robotischen Ansatzes zur operativen Behandlung der ureteroischialen Hernie mit Darstellung der diagnostischen und therapeutischen Maßnahmen, sowie der postoperativen Ergebnisse und Literaturrecherche über diese seltene Pathologie.
How much is new in Brouthers et al.’s new foreign entry modes, and do they challenge the transaction cost theory of entry mode choice?
Authors: Hennart Jean-François
Published: May 2022

Brouthers, Chen, Sali and Shaheer argue that recent increases in economic integration coupled with technological advances, such as digitization, have led to the use of new foreign market entry modes which they say have not been sufficiently acknowledged nor satisfactorily explained by an extant literature dominated by transaction cost theory (TCT). To make sense of these new entry modes, they introduce a framework based on the exploitation–exploration distinction and on embeddedness. I first outline current thinking on the TCT theory of foreign entry modes and then review Brouthers et al.’s four novel entry modes, identifying what is genuinely new about them, and what is similar to what we already know. I conclude that these four modes constitute changes in kind rather than substance, and show that they have already been satisfactorily explained using TCT. In contrast, Brouthers et al.’s exploitation–exploration–embeddedness framework is unconvincing, because (a) exploration is not an appropriate term to describe the motivation of most resource and strategic asset acquisition foreign direct investment; (b) there is considerable variation in embeddedness within some of their four novel entry modes; and (c) the availability of intermediaries breaks the hypothesized one-to-one correspondence between need for embeddedness and entry mode.
Nonlinear adiabatic electron plasma waves: I. General theory and nonlinear frequency shift
Authors: Tacu Mikael , Bénisti Didier
Published: May 2022

This paper provides a complete self-consistent nonlinear theory for electron plasma waves, within the framework of the adiabatic approximation. The theory applies whatever the variations of the wave amplitude provided that they are slow enough, and it is also valid when the plasma is inhomogeneous and non-stationary. Moreover, it accounts for: (i) the geometrical jump in action resulting from separatrix crossing; (ii) the continuous change in phase velocity making the wave frame non-inertial; (iii) the harmonic content of the scalar potential; (iv) a non-zero vector potential; (v) the transition probabilities from one region of phase space to the other when an orbit crosses the separatrix; and (vi) the possible change in direction of the wavenumber. The relative importance of each of the aforementioned effects is discussed in detail, based on the derivation of the nonlinear frequency shift. This allows us to specify how the general formalism may be simplified, depending on the value of the wavenumber normalized to the Debye length. Specific applications of our theory are reported in Paper II.
Tunable nucleation process of nano-sized NaZn13-type and α-(Fe,Si) phases by doping boron in La–Fe–Si alloys during rapid solidification
Authors: Hu Yuhu , Song Huihui , Fang Jinyu , Zhang Jiale , Xu Kai , Huang Shuiming , Hou Xueling
Published: May 2022

The effect of a small dose of boron-doping on the nucleation process of nano-sized 1:13 phase (NaZn13-type phase) and α-(Fe,Si) phase of the La–Fe–Si alloys during the rapid solidification was investigated. The simulation of classical nucleation theory indicates a competitive nucleation relationship between 1:13 and α-(Fe,Si) phases during the rapid solidification. Compared to the La–Fe–Si alloys undoped with boron atom, the undercooled temperature change (ΔT) for the same nucleation rate conditions of the 1:13 and α-Fe phases was significantly decreased from 673 K (x = 0) to 639 K (x = 0.3) during the rapid solidification of La–Fe–Si–B alloys. The analysis of the microstructure and phase structure of the La–Fe–Si alloys ribbons by scanning electron microscope , x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscope also concludes that the doping of boron promoted the formation of the 1:13 phase. The results of this study have considerable meaning for the engineering application of magnetic refrigeration materials (La–Fe–Si) in the future.
Application of heel intersect horizontal well concept in coal bed methane play: a case study
Authors: Lu Han , Guevara Mariano Ospina , Zhao Chunlin , Zhu Lijun
Published: May 2022

Arrow Energy is a 50/50 joint venture between Shell and China National Petroleum Corporation. It holds vast coal bed methane gas resources in the Surat and Northern Bowen basins of Queensland, Australia. Recently the well design in the north Bowen asset has evolved to a heel intersect multilateral concept to further reduce the surface footprint, extend reservoir access and improve cost-effectiveness. The new well design components consist of a vertical producing well intersected by a horizontal multilateral well. It was tested on several targeted reservoirs and areas. There were a number of key learnings developed during the horizontal well construction, such as underbalanced drilling, intersect well technology, and directional drilling learning curve. Post completion, special considerations have been given on initial dewatering rates and solids-related production trends as a holistic well production strategy to assess the well concept selection effectiveness. This paper describes the key challenges and learnings from the well construction and production phases of the heel intersect multilateral well trials. This program has significantly helped Arrow Energy to mature the well design concept for future campaigns.
The use of corrosion protection measures to extend the service life of lifting equipment in a marine environment
Authors: Strydom Francois , Burgess Ben
Published: May 2022

Lifting operations in marine environments pose several challenges of which corrosion and embrittlement of steel components are some of the most important ones from a material property perspective. Corrosion reactions are not only damaging to the surface of the components which can lead to stress raisers and a reduced service life but can also promote hydrogen embrittlement (HE), especially on components that operate in the splash zone. Early warning signs of product failures related to corrosion/embrittlement are almost impossible to detect during normal inspections, and catastrophic failures can result suddenly and without warning. The overarching causes of and preventative measures associated with HE have been identified. However, the positive effects of corrosion protection and an evaluation of the technologies that are available to equipment manufacturers are also important factors to be considered. This paper considers the use of corrosion protection measures and the evolution of those technologies which act as a deterrent against HE, extend the service life of steel alloy lifting equipment, reduce potentially harmful environmental impacts, and ultimately improve the safety aspects of such equipment. The authors use case study tests to argue the benefits of using thermal diffusion zinc coating as the corrosion protective measure that provides a high standard of corrosion protection, mitigation of HE and environmental impacts, and without compromising equipment identification requirements.
Zero emissions LNG – a credible opportunity for the industry
Authors: Cox Peter
Published: May 2022

Australia is vying with Qatar to be the top global liquefied natural gas (LNG) exporter, with the Australian LNG industry earning around A$17 billion annually and employing over 50 000 people. But where is the LNG industry headed as we move towards a zero emissions global energy economy? This paper presents a credible road map for the industry to transition to a zero emissions industry across the whole value chain. It addresses the steps being taken to reduce fugitive emissions, beneficially use the CO2 extracted from natural gas streams, electrify the operation of liquefaction facilities, use zero emissions fuels for LNG shipping whilst recovering boil-off gas, capture and beneficially use solid inert carbon from the methane at the LNG destination country then distribute, and burn hydrogen making the whole process zero emissions. One of the main benefits of this pathway is that most of the infrastructure required already exists reducing the capital investment required, hence improving the economics. This paper examines the viability and technical maturity of each stage of this road map against other potential zero emissions technologies. Japan is one of Australia’s largest LNG customers and has committed to building a local hydrogen economy so has been used as the basis for the economic comparisons studied.
Application of a probability model to detect unrecognised igneous intrusions in sedimentary basins
Authors: Holford Simon , Bunch Mark , Schofield Nick , Curtis Michael
Published: May 2022

Mafic igneous intrusions are a common feature in extensional sedimentary basins, particularly those located at volcanic rifted margins, and are important in both exploration and development contexts due to their range of interactions with the petroleum system and their role as potential drilling hazards. Experience from a range of basins containing mafic igneous intrusions suggests that seismically resolvable intrusions are typically accompanied by a large number of intrusions that are too thin to be confidently identified and interpreted from seismic reflection surveys. The increased vertical resolution of wireline log data affords an opportunity to identify such sub-seismic-scale intrusions, though in many wells with full wireline suites igneous intrusions are often misidentified as sedimentary units, including felsic intrusions whose physical properties are more similar to sedimentary rocks. Here we apply a wireline-log-based probability model to well data from a number of basins. In previous applications, the model has proven highly effective in predicting the occurrence of carbonate cementation zones in sandstones in comparison to neural network approaches. We demonstrate its ability to predict the presence of igneous intrusions that were not previously identified by either seismic interpretation, or through the analysis of well-derived datasets. The broader application of this model to large suites of legacy data could lead to improved knowledge of the occurrence of intrusions in basins with implications for basin modelling and well planning.
Suitability of depleted gas fields for underground hydrogen storage in Australia
Authors: Michael Karsten , Ennis-King Jonathan , Strand Julian , Sander Regina , Green Chris
Published: May 2022

If there is a significant adoption of hydrogen in Australia as an energy carrier, it will be necessary to have storage options to buffer the fluctuations in supply and demand, both for domestic use and for export. For large-scale storage in a single location, underground hydrogen storage (UHS) is the preferred option for reasons of both cost and safety. The search for suitable sites for UHS will depend on the proximity to potential hydrogen generation, ports, and processing infrastructure, as well as CO2 storage options for blue hydrogen. Although UHS in salt caverns is an established technology, most of the suitable salt deposits in Australia (in the Canning Basin in WA, the Adavale Basin in Qld, and the Amadeus Basin in the NT) are not always well-located for production and transport. Depleted gas fields have been used previously for storage of hydrogen-rich gas mixtures as well as natural gas storage and appear to be the most promising and widely available UHS option in Australia. There appears to be sufficient storage capacity in depleted gas fields in most of the geographic areas with hydrogen production potential. However, there are still technical challenges to be addressed, such as the extent of possible contamination of the stored hydrogen with residual hydrocarbons, and the possible effects of geochemical reactions and microbial processes.
Strength in numbers: how the different satellite systems used to monitor methane emissions from space have different, yet complementary, capabilities to help the oil and gas industry meet its decarbonisation goals
Authors: Gauthier Jean-Francois
Published: May 2022

Satellites are a powerful tool in monitoring methane emissions around the world. In the last 5 years, many new systems have been both announced and deployed, each with different capabilities, and designed for a specific purpose. With an increase in options also comes confusion as to how these systems can and should be used. This paper will examine how these systems complement each other’s strengths and weaknesses to provide actionable insight to the oil and gas industry. The performance parameters of several current and future satellite systems will be presented and compared, supported with recent examples when available. The importance of factors like frequency of revisit, detection threshold, precision, and spatial resolution will be discussed and contrasted with the needs of the oil and gas industry in gaining a more complete understanding of its methane emissions, in providing key information to stakeholders, and in enabling action to mitigate emissions. Results from GHGSat’s second generation of high-resolution satellites displaying measurements of methane plumes at oil and gas facilities around the world will be presented to demonstrate some of the advantages of the technology. These two satellites, GHGSat-C1 and C2 (Iris and Hugo), were launched in September 2020 and January 2021, respectively. Another eight satellites are planned to be launched by mid-2023. Finally, the ability of these systems to work together and complement each other’s capabilities, and some of the analytics tools used to augment the data, will be presented.
Lessons Learned – incorporation of action management for inherent learning and prioritisation through opportunity matrix
Authors: Williams Mark , Sutherland Andy
Published: May 2022

There are many potential improvement opportunities in corporate or industry learning to enable better and faster decisions. 'Lessons Learned' has long been a respected mechanism for ensuring mistakes of the past aren’t repeated. This may lead to operational improvements, business excellence as well as reduced health, safety and environment incidents. In the collective experience of the authors in the energy industry, as consultants and software developers working in the Lessons Learned area, although there is general approval of the Lessons Learned concept and a desire to leverage expertise, companies are not achieving their desired value and assurance of continuous improvement. To truly learn lessons, they need to have become inherently amalgamated into the processes. This may be through policies/procedures ranging from governing documentation to short-form checklists. Too often, a Lesson Learned process goes no further than airing frustrations from imperfect execution, and lessons are lost beyond the personnel directly involved or, at best, they become a repository of infrequently accessed and poorly categorised lessons of reduced value. In order to maximise knowledge transfer, workshop methodology and categorisation are key. Actions must be assigned and a prioritisation system put in place based on the level of concern and the potential opportunity for improvement. The well-accepted Risk Matrix can be applied to prioritise areas using filtering and to allow different areas of the business to focus on their speciality as well as grouping action types to aid the continuous improvement cycle. This paper provides insights into a new system of Lessons Learned, which allows accelerated execution, increased collaboration and innovation, thereby capturing company knowledge and empowering employees.
A regional chronostratigraphic framework for play-based resource assessments in the Eromanga Basin
Authors: Bradshaw Barry E. , Rollet Nadege , Iwanec Jeremy , Bernecker Tom
Published: May 2022

Geoscience Australia is undertaking a series of basin-scale assessments to identify the ‘yet-to-find’ resource potential for hydrocarbons, as well as for groundwater resources and carbon capture and storage (CCS) opportunities in central Australia under the Exploring for the Future (EFTF) Program. A play-based exploration approach is being used to systematically evaluate the key risk elements for each resource type through the analysis of drilling results and spatial data to map ‘sweet spots’ for exploration. These assessments aim to reduce the risks and uncertainties for explorers by providing spatially enabled assessments of energy resources and CCS potential. The work will also improve the understanding of existing groundwater resources which may be impacted by future energy resource developments or provide feedstock for future green hydrogen projects. A key requirement for undertaking such play-based resource assessments is to apply a common regional chronostratigraphic framework across all the resource types that link different geological unit nomenclatures through defining the assessed reservoir and seal intervals and their associated sequence stratigraphic surfaces (sequence boundaries, transgressive surfaces and maximum flooding surfaces). A Mesozoic chronostratigraphic framework has been developed for the Eromanga Basin, which defines nine regional play intervals that host the known hydrocarbon and groundwater resources, or represent potential CCS targets. The Mesozoic play framework is now being applied to undertake play-based low-carbon energy resource assessments in the western Eromanga Basin, with initial work focussing on the interpretation and correlation of the nine play intervals in wells for post-drill analysis.
Safety zones and decommissioning
Authors: Nelson Nicholas A. , Nicolette Joseph P. , Testoff Alex N. , Duguid Alison
Published: May 2022

Australia’s oil and gas sector expects approximately 56 billion (AUD) to be expended for decommissioning costs over the next 50 years. The view of the National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority is that the designated decommissioning approach must provide equal or better environmental outcomes when compared to full removal of the infrastructure (considered the ‘best case’ expectation under current legislation) and meets as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) levels of risk. Decommissioning alternatives are generally evaluated through a comparative multicriteria assessment approach, for example, a net environmental benefit analysis-based comparative assessment (NEBA-CA). Decommissioning options cover a range of possibilities, from full removal to leaving subsea structure in situ (in part or in whole). NEBA-CAs we have conducted suggest that some subsea structures are projected to generate significant ecological and social value over multiple generations to come. Thus, in these cases, management in situ can provide greater benefits to the public when compared to full removal. During operation, oil and gas assets typically incorporate a safety zone. If subsea structure is selected to be managed in situ, a question that arises is, should the safety zone be maintained or removed? Our experience indicates that if the safety zone is removed after decommissioning an asset that is left in situ, there may likely be a greater adverse impact on ecological and social values, depending upon the asset location. This abstract showcases the value of the use of safety zones to maximise environmental value while managing risk.
Extracting events from Daily Drilling Reports using Fuzzy String Matching
Authors: Oliveira Mariana S. , Mourthe Adriano , Duque Maria Clara
Published: May 2022

Continuous monitoring of oil drilling operations reduces process interruptions and equipment failure. It also contributes to the development of Key Performance Indicators, which leads to more efficient resource management. Daily Drilling Reports (DDRs) have long been the primary way of recording noticeable events, such as stuck pipe. DDRs came to constitute a valuable information base for most oil drilling companies. However, the task of extracting knowledge from DDRs can be costly and time-consuming. This work proposes an approach to recognise drilling events in DDRs using a rule-based language processing method called Fuzzy String Matching (FSM). We applied the FSM algorithm to search for a set of predefined keywords and key phrases to extract possible Invisible Lost Time (ILT) events from DDRs that may indicate risks or low operational efficiency. The fuzzy part of the algorithm allows the identification of terms or expressions that match the pre-established ones approximately rather than exactly, accounting for typos and different suffixes or prefixes. The proposed solution was applied on a data set of 392 real-world DDR records from a drilling company using a set of six ILT event’s key phrases annotated by Subject Matter Specialists. This process can be readily replicated to other events. The results show that in 116 reports tagged as normal, 92 records were identified as possible ILT events, which represents, in hours, 56% of the total drill normal time. Such promising results can lead to very significant improvements in identifying and extracting drilling events within DDRs.
Dynamic Risk Advisor – real time bowtie risk assessment monitoring system
Authors: Silva Gustavo F. O. , Borella Augusto , Machado Rodrigo Chamusca , Almeida Carlos Aberto , Penido Luiz , Carvalho Renan , Mengatti Andre , Alcantara Luciana J.
Published: May 2022

This paper describes the development of a Dynamic Risk Advisor to improve safety of operations in fleet marine construction and production oil and gas vessels, well, and subsea equipment in process safety management, providing rig management onshore and offshore tools to assess health, safety, and environment (HSE) performance in real time. This tool uses the bowtie methodology, and provides a useful framework to present a risk ‘picture’ and to satisfy management of health and safety at work regulations. The focus of the methodology is the relationship between safeguards (control systems/equipment, process controls, and human factors) and an overview of the safety process monitoring in a simple and visual form. As facilities and equipment age, those safeguards may become less effective or degraded (different from the condition at the moment of risk assessment creation/revision), risks may increase and that is why they must be monitored using an effective, continuous, and temporal-aware method. Ocyan and Viasat/Intelie created a solution to identify and analyse the hazards dynamically (in real time) using the LIVE streaming data platform, providing an interface that allows the client to manage the current risk profile of their assets using a bowtie diagram. Additionally, this also provides a way for the user to assess the effect of degraded safeguards on complex operations in real time, by monitoring the actual residual risk. The study started in 2019 and was developed together with the Ocyan HSE team and was extended to all fleet due to the positive results. The tool can be accessed from mobile phones and tablets.
Addressing exploration uncertainties in the southern Bonaparte Basin: enhanced stratigraphic control and post drill analysis for upper Permian plays
Authors: Owens R. , Kelman A. , Khider K. , Iwanec J. , Bernecker T.
Published: May 2022

The upper Permian to lower Triassic sedimentary succession in the southern Bonaparte Basin represents an extensive marginal marine depositional system that hosts several gas accumulations, including the Blacktip gas field that has been in production since 2009. Development of additional identified gas resources has been hampered by reservoir heterogeneity, as highlighted by preliminary results from a post drill analysis of wells in the study area that identify reservoir effectiveness as a key exploration risk. The sedimentary succession that extends across the Permian–Triassic stratigraphic boundary was deposited during a prolonged marine transgression and shows a transition in lithofacies from the carbonate-dominated Dombey Formation to the siliciclastic-dominated Tern and Penguin formations. Recent improvements in chronostratigraphic calibration of Australian biostratigraphic schemes, spanning the late Permian and early Triassic, inform our review of available palynological data, and re-interpretation and infill sampling of well data. The results provide a better-resolved, consistent and up-to-date stratigraphic scheme, allowing an improved understanding of the timing, duration and distribution of depositional environments of the upper Permian to lower Triassic sediments across the Petrel Sub-basin and Londonderry High.
Reservoir quality and diagenesis of the West Erregulla field, North Perth Basin, Western Australia
Authors: Wright Matthew , Farley Andrew , Karena Hannah , Cortis Anthony
Published: May 2022

The West Erregulla field is the deepest onshore gas discovery in Australia today, with three wells drilled to more than 5000 m vertical depth. The reservoir quality has been preserved at depth by clay coating, which shows a similar trend with core from other shallower fields in the northern Perth Basin such as Waitsia and Beharra Springs Deep. The primary reservoir in the West Erregulla field is the Permian Kingia Sandstone that was deposited in a tidal estuary environment, which allowed for mixing of meteoric and saline waters. This depositional setting has been inferred from core, image logs and seismic interpretation. This setting resulted in quartz grains coated in chlorite/illite that has limited quartz overgrowth cements and maintained intergranular porosity. This paper presents Strike’s interpretations of the depositional environment that resulted in the anomalous depth–porosity trend based on core analysis, high-resolution borehole image log interpretation and cuttings.
New imaging results and improved interpretation of Late Triassic depositional features within the Browse Basin, North West Shelf of Australia
Authors: Grahame Jarrad Paul , To Tran Thinh
Published: May 2022

The Maxima 3D is located approximately 300 km from the north-west coast of Australia, within the Brecknock–Scott Reef anticlinal trend, at the margin of the Scott Plateau and Caswell Sub-basin. The survey was acquired with eight overlapping swaths in and around the Scott Reef, which is a large carbonate build-up on the present-day seafloor. The area within and around the reef trend represents a significant challenge for imaging, involving complex survey acquisition, very shallow to deep water depths and strong velocity distortion associated with the present-day carbonate build-up. In light of this, CGG undertook a reprocessing test of a swath of the Maxima 3D, to apply the latest processing techniques and demonstrate the potential imaging uplift in a very challenging area. The enhanced data swath has led to a step change in interpretation capabilities for the data, resulting in the identification of what is inferred to be a Late Triassic, isolated reef build-up, on a structural high that developed contemporaneous with early basin formation. These Late Triassic reefal build-ups have been identified by CGG within a number of large complexes, through a comprehensive review of the Triassic prospectivity potential, and represent an emerging play type for the North West Shelf.
Effects of rapid gas decompression on coal seam gas swellables
Authors: Thompson Matthew B. , Bon Jan , Vatan Mike , Zaman Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Thousands of non-stimulated coal seam gas (CSG) wells in Queensland’s Surat Basin rely on swellable packers as the first line of defence against interburden solids production and poor well run life. This paper is aimed at understanding some of the impacts of long-term well operations on swellable performance from rapid changes in downhole pressure. For the first time, rapid gas decompression (RGD) effects on CSG swellables were experimented on in a quantitative manner as an analogue to underbalanced workover and pump trip conditions. RGD has the potential to break down swellables due to rapid release of high-pressure methane diffused in the rubber matrix resulting in a flow path for interburden solids. Five commonly available swellables from the CSG market were lab-tested for rapid decompression with methane at operational conditions. Coupon samples were swollen to representative conditions and placed in an autoclave under high-pressure methane, then rapidly decompressed in cycles. Results of this study showed relatively low levels of physical degradation under test conditions but shrinkage effects varied between products largely grouped into material properties, confirmed with separate ambient shrinkage test. As such, the focus on swellable placement geometry remains paramount.
Using unsupervised machine learning to identify risk of failure at ageing oil and gas assets
Authors: Manchanda Uday , Pervez Ammar
Published: May 2022

Asset integrity management of ageing oil and gas assets is an ongoing challenge. This paper uses unsupervised algorithms (i.e. clustering technique) to identify carbon steel piping with increased probability of failure due to various internal corrosion mechanisms. The application used over 20 variables including wellhead planktonic bacterial counts, Fe2+ levels, oil and water production rates, historical Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) records, remaining life of downstream equipment, previous remediation data and geographical location data. An unsupervised machine learning clustering algorithm was written grounded in mathematical techniques of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and k-means clustering. The probabilistic algorithm identified implicit patterns, which were then used to identify critical and non-critical piping clusters. Outputs from the clustering model were used to prioritise field measurements, and while these are ongoing there appears to be a good agreement with model predictions. The paper further discusses the measures that have a higher impact on the classification accuracy of the algorithm.
Marine measurement, monitoring and verification for offshore carbon storage projects – learnings from a coastal Gippsland setting
Authors: Ross Andrew S. , Myers Joanne , Van Ooijen Erik , Ryan Tim , Greenwood Jim , Hughes David , Marouchos Andreas , Keesing John , Bodrossy Lev , Slawinski Dirk , Jenkins Charles
Published: May 2022

Designing cost-effective methods for implementing measurement, monitoring and verification (MM&V) plans for subsea CO2 storage is an active area of research globally. Despite some preliminary research and examples overseas, there remains a lack of established protocols and configurations for offshore carbon capture and storage (CCS) monitoring overlying storage sites and an absence of methods to establish environmental impact in the event of leakage. Over the last 4 years, CSIRO in collaboration with ANLEC R&D and CarbonNet have been undertaking research in the Gippsland region to inform the development of assurance monitoring approaches for subsea CCS operations to address three key technical assurance monitoring challenges: The ‘signal-to-noise’ problem: distinguishing CO2 release signatures from similar naturally occurring variability to reduce false alarm rates in future baseline monitoring design; characterising impact: determining the level of CO2 release that would be associated with environmental impact at a range of scales; and attributing impact: distinguishing changes resulting from other drivers and pressures in multiple-use zones (e.g. climate change) from the activities of CCS operations. The research has included a wide variety of approaches and technologies including the development and testing of fixed and mobile autonomous monitoring systems, chemical and acoustic sensing and the collection of biological datasets. These data have been used in the development of biogeochemical models and to define possible integrated MM&V frameworks. This paper will summarise this research and identify how it could be applied for offshore CO2 storage projects around Australia.
The role of faulting in Northern Carnarvon’s sub-basins in transferring very high overpressure
Authors: Hoskin Edward , Heller Jakob
Published: May 2022

Australia’s Northern Carnarvon Basin has experienced a varied geological history with periods of extension and thermal subsidence giving rise to separate sub-basins. Between the sub-basins the sequences of strata, their age, depth and rate of burial, and rock type vary greatly. Contrasts in rock type and burial rates are key variables that control generation of overpressure and, as such, create a wide range of pore pressure conditions from hydrostatic pressure to overpressure levels approaching values of vertical stress. Often these contrasting pressures can be situated relatively proximal to one another in both a horizontal and lateral sense. To improve pre-drill prediction capabilities for well planning in Northern Carnarvon, a study was completed in 2013 that included over 600 exploration wells and included reporting on areas at increased risk of high overpressure. One of the study findings was that reservoirs at sub-basin boundaries were often where the pressure was most variable and difficult to predict. The reason pressure was difficult to predict in these areas was due to high overpressure being transferred via faults at the margin of early Jurassic to early Cretaceous depocentres. In 2015, Hoskin et al. published the paper ‘Influence of faulting on reservoir overpressure distribution in the Northern Carnarvon Basin’ and this extended abstract looks at the Winchester-1 well, drilled after data were compiled for the original study, that validates the model presented in 2015, and also poses additional questions about the transfer of pressure.
Biodiversity protection offsets in the Northern Territory – the Ichthys LNG story
Authors: Davis Ben W. , Carle Christopher J.
Published: May 2022

Protection of land and sea country in the Northern Territory (NT) for biodiversity offsets is difficult. Land tenure, competing management priorities and a lack of data mean securing land for conventional offsets, especially for long-term projects, is problematic for potential offset scenarios. Despite these challenges, the INPEX-led Ichthys Joint Venture is required to protect an area of land and sea country in the NT to offset the perceived impacts to the environment of the Ichthys LNG energy development. The requirement stems from the Commonwealth Government Approval EPBC 2008/4208 Conditions 11(b) and 11(c); and relates to the development of Ichthys LNG at Bladin Point and associated dredging activities. Numerous attempts have been made by INPEX, on behalf of its Ichthys Joint Venture participants, to meet these offset requirements, spanning a 10-year history and involving multiple stakeholders. Many lessons have been learnt along this journey, and this paper aims to shed light on INPEX’s attempts to find practical solutions to these challenges. Recently, the Commonwealth Government accepted a novel industry approach put forward by INPEX to work with Aboriginal Traditional Owners to protect and manage country for future generations. If successful, it is expected to deliver positive outcomes beyond the environment it protects.
Key lessons in planning for proactive decommissioning – a review of the Thevenard Island decommissioning project
Authors: Jones Christopher M. , Boisvert Michael B. , Dolbel Shannon L. , Langsford Richard P. , Farag George N. , Rinaldi Kellie A. , Brauhart Jennifer D. , Hoffman Paul Y. , Brunsdon Grant A.
Published: May 2022

Chevron Australia Pty Ltd (CAPL) has operated an oil and gas production facility on Thevenard Island (TVI), a gazetted Nature Reserve, since 1988 on behalf of the TVI Joint Venture. CAPL is currently decommissioning the asset following cessation of production in 2014. Decommissioning activities include plugging and abandonment of onshore and offshore production wells, decommissioning onshore infrastructure and facilities, decommissioning offshore platforms and pipelines, and remediating and rehabilitating the terrestrial environment. CAPL is currently undertaking decommissioning and retirement of its facilities on TVI, including remediation and rehabilitation activities. CAPL is committed to progressing the decommissioning and rehabilitation activities in a timely manner to deliver positive outcomes for environment, local community and other users of TVI. Delivering on historical commitments and applying best practice to ensure the lease area can be relinquished as a functioning and sustainable ecosystem is key to being a responsible operator and maintaining social licence to operate. This paper will provide an overview of decommissioning activities and progress to date, with a focus on onshore operations, and discuss challenges encountered as well as lessons learnt from decommissioning planning and sequencing, implementation of the regulatory framework and in-field execution.
Enzymes degraded under high light maintain proteostasis by transcriptional regulation inArabidopsis
Authors: Li Lei , Duncan Owen , Ganguly Diep R. , Lee Chun Pong , Crisp Peter A. , Wijerathna-Yapa Akila , Salih Karzan , Trösch Josua , Pogson Barry J. , Millar A. Harvey
Published: May 2022

Significance

Photoinhibitory high light stress in plants leads to increases in markers of protein degradation and transcriptional up-regulation of proteases and proteolytic machinery, but protein homeostasis (proteostasis) of most enzymes is largely maintained under high light, so we know little about the metabolic consequences of it beyond photosystem damage. We developed a technique to look for rapid protein turnover events in response to high light through13C partial labeling and detailed peptide mass spectrometry. This analysis reveals a light-induced transcriptional program for nuclear-encoded genes, beyond the regulation of photosystem II, to replace key protein degradation targets in plants and ensure proteostasis under high light stress.
Multiscale machine-learning interatomic potentials for ferromagnetic and liquid iron
Authors: Byggmästar J , Nikoulis G , Fellman A , Granberg F , Djurabekova F , Nordlund K
Published: May 2022

A large and increasing number of different types of interatomic potentials exist, either based on parametrised analytical functions or machine learning. The choice of potential to be used in a molecular dynamics simulation should be based on the affordable computational cost and required accuracy. We develop and compare four interatomic potentials of different complexity for iron: a simple machine-learned embedded atom method (EAM) potential, a potential with machine-learned two- and three-body-dependent terms, a potential with machine-learned EAM and three-body terms, and a Gaussian approximation potential with the smooth overlap of atomic positions descriptor. All potentials are trained to the same diverse database of body-centred cubic and liquid structures computed with density functional theory. The first three potentials are tabulated and evaluated efficiently using cubic spline interpolations, while the fourth one is implemented without additional optimisation. The four potentials span three orders of magnitude in computational cost. We compare and discuss the advantages of each potential in terms of transferability and the balance between accuracy and computational cost.
Josephson quantum spin thermodynamics
Authors: Pal Subhajit , Benjamin Colin
Published: May 2022

A 1D Josephson junction (JJ) loop, doped with a spin-flipper and attached to two thermal reservoirs is shown to operate as a heat engine, or a refrigerator, or a Joule pump or even as a cold pump. When operating as a quantum heat engine, the efficiency of this device exceeds that of some recent Josephson heat engine proposals. Further, as a quantum refrigerator, the coefficient of performance of this device is much higher than previously proposed JJ based refrigerators. In addition, this device can be tuned from engine mode to refrigerator mode or to any other mode, i.e., Joule pump or cold pump by either tuning the temperature of reservoirs, or via the flux enclosed in the JJ loop. In presence of spin flip scattering we can tune our device from engine mode to other operating modes by only changing the enclosed flux in JJ loop without changing the temperatures of the reservoirs. This is potentially an advantage with respect to other proposals. This makes the proposed device much more versatile as regards possible applications.