bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pueraria mirifica Exerts Estrogenic Effects in the Mammary Gland and Uterus and Promotes Mammary Carcinogenesis in Donryu Rats
Authors: Kakehashi Anna , Yoshida Midori , Tago Yoshiyuki , Ishii Naomi , Okuno Takahiro , Gi Min , Wanibuchi Hideki
Published: September 2016

Pueraria mirifica (PM), a plant whose dried and powdered tuberous roots are now widely used in rejuvenating preparations to promote youthfulness in both men and women, may have major estrogenic influence. In this study, we investigated modifying effects of PM at various doses on mammary and endometrial carcinogenesis in female Donryu rats. Firstly, PM administered to ovariectomized animals at doses of 0.03%, 0.3%, and 3% in a phytoestrogen-low diet for 2 weeks caused significant increase in uterus weight. Secondly, a 4 week PM application to non-operated rats at a dose of 3% after 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) initiation resulted in significant elevation of cell proliferation in the mammary glands. In a third experiment, postpubertal administration of 0.3% (200 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day) PM to 5-week-old non-operated animals for 36 weeks following initiation of mammary and endometrial carcinogenesis with DMBA and N-ethyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG), respectively, resulted in significant increase of mammary adenocarcinoma incidence. A significant increase of endometrial atypical hyperplasia multiplicity was also observed. Furthermore, PM at doses of 0.3% and, more pronouncedly, of 1% induced dilatation, hemorrhage and inflammation of the uterine wall. In conclusion, postpubertal long-term PM administration to Donryu rats exerts estrogenic effects in the mammary gland and uterus, and at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w./day was found to promote mammary carcinogenesis initiated by DMBA.
Modeling and Simulation of Passenger Flow Distribution in Urban Rail Transit Hub Platform
Authors: Gao Long , Jia Limin
Published: September 2016

Urban rail transit has become the main mode to ease traffic congestion. Researches on the dynamic variation regularity of passenger flow distribution and passenger flow volume of urban rail transit hub platform have important implication in hub capacity design, operation organization and risk prevention. This paper proposes a passenger flow distribution integrating model (PFDIM) based on the basic theory analysis and basic parameter models of passenger flow distribution in hub platform. Simulation designs of PFDIM are built with Java and Anylogic, which contain simulation system functional framework, implementation path, simulation processes and simulation models. By case study, the performance comparison between two simulation methods indicates that simulation designs are scientific and accordant with the reality scene; calculation results prove that PFDIM has a good performance on describing the dynamic variation regularity of passenger flow distribution. Moreover, the experiments with different departure intervals could provide the reference for train scheduling under the viewpoint of traffic safety and service level.
Destabilization Mechanism of Ionic Surfactant on Curcumin Nanocrystal against Electrolyte
Authors: Rachmawati Heni , Rahma Annisa , Shaal Loaye Al , Müller Rainer H. , Keck Cornelia M.
Published: September 2016

We have successfully developed curcumin nanosuspension aimed for oral delivery. The main purpose is to improve bioavailability through enhancing its solubility. The nanoparticles were stabilized using various stabilizers including polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC), d-alpha tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The average diameter of particles, microscopic appearance, and sedimentation of each preparation was observed and compared. Each stabilizer demonstrated different degree of inhibition of particle aggregation under electrolyte-containing simulated gastrointestinal (GIT) fluid. Non-ionic stabilizers (PVA, PVP, and TPGS) has shown to preserve the nanosuspension stability against electrolytes. In contrast, strong ionic surfactants such as SDS were found to be very sensitive to electrolytes. The results can provide useful information for the formulators to choose the most suitable stabilizers by considering the nature of stabilizers and physiological characteristics of target site of the drug.
The Impact of Energy, Agriculture, Macroeconomic and Human-Induced Indicators on Environmental Pollution from 1971 to 2011
Authors: Asumadu-Sarkodie Samuel , Owusu Phebe Asantewaa
Published: September 2016

In this study, the impact of energy, agriculture, macroeconomic and human-induced indicators on environmental pollution from 1971 to 2011 is investigated using the statistically inspired modification of partial least squares (SIMPLS) regression model. There was evidence of a linear relationship between energy, agriculture, macroeconomic and human-induced indicators and carbon dioxide emissions. Evidence from the SIMPLS regression shows that a 1% increase in crop production index will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 0.71%. Economic growth increased by 1% will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 0.46%, thus supports the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis that an increase in a country’s economic growth leads to a reduction in environmental pollution. An increase in electricity production from hydroelectric sources by 1% will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 0.30%, thus increasing renewable energy sources in Ghana’s energy portfolio will help mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. Increasing Enteric Emissions by 1% will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 4.22% and a 1% increase in the Nitrogen content of Manure Management will increase carbon dioxide emissions by 6.69%. The SIMPLS regression forecasting exhibited a 5% MAPE from the prediction of carbon dioxide emissions.
Mobile Phone Handsets Industry Greatly Influence the Teenagers: The Positive Aspects
Authors: Agarwal Satish , Bhagoliwal Priyanka
Published: September 2016

The mobile phone handset industry is growing at a fast pace in the world and  is dominating the Indian market with Hi-Tech products and innovation. This industry offers products and services with advanced technology and innovation making it an important gadget for survival among the people. It is hard to imagine a life without mobile phones. The study describes the various features of mobile phone handsets which are valued by the teenagers so as to place and promote the products perfectly. The study found that  teenagers frequently use mobile phones mainly for games, social  networking, chatting on Whatsapp, listening to music, browsing the internet, and feels that mobile phone handset is  a style statement and it exhibits their status, standard, esteem etc. 
The 4M Process Safety Approach for Planning Simultaneous Operations SIMOPs in a Deepwater Tender Assist Project
Authors: Ajimoko Tayo
Published: October 2016

A simultaneous operation (SIMOP) is defined as two or more independent operations (such as drilling, workover, wire!ine, facilities construction, etc.) conducted under common operational control in which the activities of any one operation may impact the safety of personnel, equipment and/or the environment of the other(s). (Source: API Bulletin 97, Well Construction Interface Document Guidelines, 2013). Interaction of production and drilling operations may increase the likelihood of accidents in both, because the accident frequency may increase compared to normal operations. A drilling accident may have knockon effects on the production activities and vice versa thereby resulting in a loss (time, production, life, reputation).

This paper presents a methodology for planning a simultaneous drilling and production operation with a tender assisted semisubmersible drilling in the Gulf of Guinea. The major risk of the operation derives from its novelty and the increased level of situational awareness required from the crew. Efficient communication, interface management and integration amongst the different disciplines and departments are crucial for an efficient and cost-effective simultaneous operation.

The four M SIMOP planning [4MSIMOPPP ™] process can be broken down as: Measurement, Mitigation, Monitoring and Management. Measurement involves the scaling of the operations and scheduling in a logic system as well as the identification and assessment of latent and residual risks; both quantitative and qualitative risks will be considered. The mitigations will be considered and will include tiered contingencies and exit nodes. Robust integration of marine system, rig management system, production safety and management system and dynamic positioning system will be achieved by bridging all the systems on a common process that enhances communication. Monitoring systems to identify gaps, deviations and changes will also be developed.

An ultra deepwater SIMOP process safety model specific to the Gulf of Guinea but adaptable to any other basin in the world is developed. If properly implemented and managed, it has potential to significantly reduce process safety losses based on available statistics in the industry.
Risk Assessment of LPG Usage by Some Commercial Businesses in Tarkwa Municipality
Authors: Marfo Solomon Adjei , Tawiah Samuel , Naatu Fulgence Maal-Ire
Published: October 2016

Some commercial businesses in urban areas such as Tarkwa are such working environments which have immense potential of being risk-prone as a result of the usage of energy sources such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). With an ever increasing human population in these urban areas, coupled with a high rate of energy consumption for survival, it is evident that commercial businesses in these urban areas are on the rise with or without requirements of industry standards with regards to LPG usage. Injury free working environment is an essential element for any successful venture. It is necessary to develop risk assessment strategies to decide on priorities and to set objectives for eliminating hazards and reducing risks. The research focus is on assessing the risks or otherwise dangers that are likely to be associated with the usage of LPG by some separate commercial business entities designated within Tarkwa-Nsuaem municipality. The data obtained from the businesses studied through the use of questionnaires indicated that all the business entities utilise LPG as major source of fuel or energy. This poses some amount of threat where fire and explosion are concern in their situated locations. This research, in order to identify the extent of existing risk, drew a comparison to associated standards by using a check list. The list entailed numerical values on experts’ viewpoints. The risk rate is obtained and subsequently businesses are ranked in accordance with their risk level or rate as high, medium or low. More than 65 % of the businesses studied lacked adequate good housekeeping and forecourt conditions, hence reducing the chances of clear escape routes. The research revealed that about 27 % of the businesses assessed were low-level risky, 40 % were moderately risky and 33 % highly risky.
Subsurface Application Enhances Benefits of Manure Redistribution
Authors: Liu Jian , Kleinman Peter J. A. , Beegle Douglas B. , Dell Curtis J. , Veith Tamie L. , Saporito Lou S. , Han Kun , Pote Dan H. , Bryant Ray B.
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas

Manure redistribution adds fertility benefits to recipient fields.

Subsurface application of poultry litter has environmental benefits.

Redistribution plus subsurface application benefits both farmers and the environment.

Sustainable nutrient management requires redistribution of livestock manure from nutrient‐excess areas to nutrient‐deficit areas. Field experiments were conducted to assess agronomic (i.e., corn yield) and environmental (i.e., ammonia volatilization and surface nutrient loss) effects of different poultry litter application methods (surface vs. subsurface) and timings (fall vs. spring) in a potential manure‐importing region in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed in the United States. All four litter treatments (205 kg nitrogen ha−1) produced grain yields (10.9–12.8 Mg ha−1) nearly equivalent to or higher than the 11.5 Mg ha−1 yield expected from the same mineral nitrogen rate. Compared with surface application, subsurface application significantly reduced ammonia emission (p < 0.0001), runoff volume (fall: p = 0.02; spring: p = 0.004), and loads of nitrate nitrogen (p < 0.0001; p = 0.003) and dissolved phosphorus (p < 0.0001; p = 0.004) soon after application. Integrating subsurface manure application technologies into the manure redistribution programs would help ensure that the surplus nutrients being relocated provide a maximum agronomic impact and minimum environmental impact to the importing region.
Increased Temperatures Have Dramatic Effects on Growth and Grain Yield of Three Maize Hybrids
Authors: Hatfield Jerry L.
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas

Projected Corn Belt temps by the end of the 21st century increase the rate of phenological development.

Temperature increases reduce grain production but not vegetative production.

There were differences in corn hybrid response to yield impacts.

Rising temperatures under climate change are projected to have negative impacts on crop growth and production. These conclusions are not based on direct observations but on projected model results. A study conducted comparing normal seasonal temperatures (1980–2010) for Ames, IA, to a normal + 4°C environment with the same water vapor deficit evaluated the impacts of temperature on maize (Zea mays L.) development and production. The rate of phenological development increased at higher temperatures; however, the relationship of leaf collar and leaf tip appearance to growing degree days was the same between temperature regimes. There was no effect on total leaf area or vegetative dry matter production, but grain yields decreased from 84 to 100% because of exposure to high nighttime temperatures and disruption of the pollination process as evidenced by the large reduction in kernels per ear. Projected increases in temperature will negatively affect grain production and threaten food security.
Publish Unexpected Results That Conflict with Assumptions
Authors: Logsdon S. D.
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas

Publish results that conflict with current assumptions.

Look beyond current fads.

Break with discredited, but popular, assumptions.

Some widely held scientific assumptions have been discredited, whereas others are just inappropriate for many applications. Sometimes, a widely held analysis procedure takes on a life of its own, forgetting the original purpose of the study. The peer‐reviewed system makes it difficult to get a paper published that questions established assumptions or shows data contrary to established ideas. Refusing to publish these studies is hampering the advancement of science. Novel observations should be published so that other scientists can pursue new theory.
Approaching Brine Spill Remediation from the Surface: A New In Situ Method
Authors: Daigh Aaron L. M. , Klaustermeier Aaron W.
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas

In situ remediation of brine spills is possible via surface extraction of salts.

A crystallization inhibitor allowed for 29 to 57% of salts to be harvested from the soil surface.

Methods for surface extraction of salts can aid in expediting brine spill remediation timelines.

Well drilling for energy resources innately produces brine waters. These brines often contain sodium in the 10,000 to >100,000 mg L−1 range. In situ soil remediation of brine spills traditionally consists of diluting salts with organic materials and then infiltrating divalent cations. This leaching technique can require years to centuries, as a function of soil clay content, to remove salts from the root zone. We present a new in situ remediation method that extracts salts from the soil surface and expedites remediation. Surface application of a crystallization inhibitor (ferric hexacyanoferrate) to brine‐contaminated soils followed by an evaporative flux resulted in dendritic crystal growth above the soil surface. This process allowed easy harvest of 29 to 57% of salts within 7 d without mechanical disturbance to the soil. Future studies should include loading‐rate optimization, in‐field testing, evaluation of reaction product fate and transport, and identification of other amendments to rapidly extract salts.
Crowdsourcing strategy: how openness changes strategy work
Authors: Matzler Kurt , Füller Johann , Hutter Katja , Hautz Julia , Stieger Daniel
Published: September 2016

Strategy development has traditionally been exclusive and secretive. Social software offers new opportunities to harness the collective intelligence of the crowd within organizations and allows more open, participatory modes of strategizing. This paper describes this new phenomenon of open strategy though crowdsourcing and discusses its implications for research and practice. It draws on first examples of crowdsourcing strategy and is further based on observations and theoretical reflections. To understand the phenomenon with its requirements and consequences, a number of questions and challenges are identified which remain to be investigated. These include how the process of opening up needs to be designed, how individuals can be motivated to engage, for which topics and under which conditions crowdsourcing strategy is a suitable approach, how strategies emerge in such initiatives, the appropriate role of management, and how corporate culture affects and is affected by crowdsourcing strategy. Open strategy through crowdsourcing is a newly emerging empirical phenomenon, which seems to fundamentally change the strategist’s work. More open and inclusive ways of strategizing not only offer new opportunities, but also create some challenges for organizations. This paper deepens the insights in this new phenomenon and identifies seven topics critical for research and management practice.
Keywords: strategy, crowdsourcing, collective intelligence. JEL Classification: M19
International socially responsible funds: financial performance and managerial skills during crisis and non-crisis markets
Authors: Lesser Kathrin , Rößle Felix , Walkshäusl Christian
Published: September 2016

Nofsinger and Varma (2014) provide evidence that U.S. socially responsible funds outperform conventional funds during periods of market turmoil and, therefore, grant some crisis insurance. To investigate whether the U.S.-based evidence can be transferred to international markets, the authors analyze a comprehensive sample of internationally-investing socially responsible equity funds in a period from 2000 to 2012. As abnormal returns are model-specific, the authors apply standard and q-theory based performance measurement models. At first glance, the authors observe no crisis protection for internationally-investing socially responsible funds. However, splitting their sample in funds domiciled in North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific to account for biases due to the origin of a fund, the authors find that socially responsible funds from North America outperform their peers in crisis periods irrespective of the applied performance evaluation model. The authors suggest that the U.S.-based evidence is restricted to internationally-investing funds domiciled in North America, and discover that this outperformance seems to be owed to the stock-picking abilities of North American fund managers and their advantage due to the nature of the North American market.
Keywords: socially responsible investments, mutual funds, international markets, performance evaluation, managerial abilities. JEL Classification: G11, G12, G15, G23, M14
Best practice in entrepreneurship education
Authors: Nieuwenhuizen Cecile , Groenewald Darelle , Davids John , Janse van Rensburg Leon , Schachtebeck Chris
Published: September 2016

This study identifies and discovers best practices in entrepreneurship education from highly-ranked universities and business schools globally. The study has been qualitative in nature, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 23 respondents at 12 higher education institutions. The study has made use of non-probability sampling by means of a convenience sampling approach. Data have been analyzed by means of thematic analysis. Results indicate that best practices in entrepreneurship education include little to no specialization at undergraduate level, with a strong preference for generic and widely applicable entrepreneurship modules. Individual entrepreneurship-related modules contain distinct individual themes. These modules are most commonly structured as electives, thereby allowing students to structure their courses according to areas of personal preference. At postgraduate level, it has been discovered that programs are often specialized in entrepreneurship and highly interdisciplinary in nature, most commonly with areas of specialization such as engineering and other sciences. Practical assignment and teaching tend to be favored in entrepreneurial teaching, rather than traditional classroom-based approaches. Entrepreneurship hubs and centers are mainly independent units loosely linked to a prominent university, with independent mandates and processes. The best practices identified in this study will assist universities and business schools to effectively structure entrepreneurship curriculums in line with global best practices.
Keywords: entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education, higher education. JEL Classification: A23, I23
A synthesis of changing patterns in the demographic profiles of urban street vendors in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe
Authors: Vusumuzi Nani Gwendoline
Published: September 2016

Street vending is a phenomenon that has been in existence for hundreds of years. It has since increased owing to economic challenges experienced, especially in developing countries. This article sought to highlight changing patterns in the demographic profiles of urban street vendors in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe through a desk research study. The aim was to sensitize local governments, particularly in Zimbabwe, to develop appropriate policies in line with changing patterns in the demographic profiles of urban street vendors. Findings revealed that there has been an increase in the number of single and married women in urban street vending; more young people have joined this practice and more educated people are also part of urban street vendors. The study concluded that street vending is a dynamic phenomenon with changes having been noticed in gender, marital status, age and level of education of urban street vendors. Recommendations were that local governments need to re-visit policies pertaining to planning for urban street vending in line with the changing circumstances.
Keywords: changing patterns, urban street vending, dynamic phenomenon, qualitative analysis. JEL Classification: P25, C13
Emotional labor in academe. Challenges faced
Authors: Dhanpat Nelesh
Published: September 2016

Interest in the study of emotions have always been present. Academic jobs are susceptible to multiple demands from various stakeholders. This paper presents the occasion to question whether academics are emotional laborers? The concept of emotional labor have been heavily investigated and researched in the customer service domain. Notably, emotional labor in higher education institutions is a relatively understudied research area. A theoretical framework of emotional labor is presented. It is essential to understand the demands that emotional labor places on academics and its impact on higher education institutions. Subsequently, the paper explores emotional labor among academic staff in higher education institutions, namely, the university system. The consequences and challenges of emotional labor are further evaluated. The paper is a meta-analysis and qualitative in nature. The study uses secondary data and reviews various literature on emotional labor, teaching and higher education institutions, and presents a conceptual paper. It considers the evaluation of academics in higher education institutions as emotional laborers. Literature was further probed to investigate academics as emotional laborers. Subsequently, the consequences and challenges were discussed. The paper further suggests that higher education intuitions need to be cognisant of the demands that emotional labor places on academic staff and the impact on their well-being. It is essential that the quality of work life of academics within higher education are addressed, as such studies are long overdue and under researched.
Keywords: emotional labor, emotions, academics, university, teaching, higher education institution. JEL Classification: I23
Influence of the manner of use, age and sex on the biochemical and antioxidant blood parameters of Malopolski horses
Authors: Czech Anna , Kiesz Martyna , Ognik Katarzyna , Różański Paweł
Published: September 2016

The aim of the study was to determine whether the manner of use, age and sex affect selected biochemical and antioxidant blood parameters of Malopolski horses, and whether there is an interaction between these factors. The study was conducted on 30 riding horses of the Malopolski breed divided by sex (18 mares and 12 colts) and age (2-6 years, 7-9 years and 10-16 years). The horses were also divided according to usage (recreational use and sports use). The research was conducted at the end of March and the beginning of April during two consecutive years. In each year, blood from the same horses was analysed. Blood plasma was analyzed for total protein, glucose, bilirubin, urea, uric acid, creatinine, Zn+2, Cu+2 and Fe+2. In addition the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, plasma total antioxidant status (FRAP) and the concentration of malondialdehyde were determined. Neither the age of the horses nor their use (for recreation or sport) had significant effect on biochemical indices of blood. However, the CAT activity and the levels of MDA, zinc and iron were higher in the blood of horses used for sports than they were in the blood of horses used for recreation. Age affected the value of the biomarkers of redox status. Compared with young horses, older animals showed increased oxidative processes (an increase in MDA) and a reduced antioxidant defense (SOD, FRAP, Cu+2, Zn+2). The sex of the horses had a significant influence on the levels of both biochemical and antioxidant parameters. Colts had significantly higher contents of TP, UA, SOD, CAT, Cu+2 and Fe+2 and lower of BIL and MDA compared to mares. The interaction observed in this study between age or sex and usage on the antioxidant parameters confirms that the redox status indicators can be helpful in assessing the welfare of Malopolski horses undergoing differentiated exertion.
In Vivo Performance of a Ruthenium-cyclopentadienyl Compound in an Orthotopic Triple Negative Breast Cancer Model
Authors: Mendes Nuno , Tortosa Francisco , Valente Andreia , Marques Fernanda , Matos António , Morais Tânia S. , Tomaz Ana Isabel , Gärtner Fátima , Garcia M. Helena
Published: September 2016

Background: Ruthenium-based anti-cancer compounds are proposed as viable alternatives that might
circumvent the disadvantages of platinum-based drugs, the only metallodrugs in clinical use for chemotherapy.
Organometallic complexes in particular hold great potential as alternative therapeutic agents since their cytotoxicity
involves different modes of action and present reduced toxicity profiles.

Objective: During the last few years our research group has been reporting on a series of organometallic ruthenium(II)-
cyclopentadienyl complexes with important cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines, surpassing cisplatin in
activity. We report herein preliminary in vivo studies with one representative compound of this family, with
exceptional activity against several human cancer cell lines, including the glycolytic and highly metastatic
MDAMB231 cell line used in this study.

Method: The anti-tumor activity of our compound was studied in vivo on N:NIH(S)II-nu/nu nude female mice bearing
triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) orthotopic tumors. Administration of 2.5 mg/kg/day during ten days caused cell
death mostly by necrosis (in vitro and in vivo), inducing tumor growth suppression of about 50% in treated animals
when compared to controls.

Results: The most remarkable result supporting the effectiveness and potential of this drug was the absence of
metastases in the main organs of treated animals, while metastases were present in the lungs of all control mice, as
revealed by histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis.

Conclusion: These in vivo studies suggest a dual effect for our drug not only by suppressing growth at the primary
tumor tissue but also by inhibiting its metastatic behavior. Altogether, these results represent a benchmark and a solid
starting point for future studies.
Organización política gay y espacio público
Authors: Balbuena Bello Raúl , Ovalle Marroquín Lilian Paola , Villegas Robertson Carlos Felipe
Published: October 2016

El escrito tiene la única pretensión de analizar la relación entre la organización política gay y el espacio público. Pensamos que al repasar esta dinámica encontraremos elementos esenciales que explican el proceso de construcción ciudadana que se gestó luego de la “aparición” del VIH Sida. Sostenemos que la organización colectiva gay derivada de este fenómeno estuvo asociada a los medios de comunicación, que no sólo promovieron una idea maligna de la homosexualidad, sino también el hecho de aparecer en esos mismos medios. Nos parece fundamental discutir esta idea en un contexto actual en que la aprobación del matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo cobra alta relevancia.
Функціональний стан нижніх кінцівок у хворих з ортопедичними проявами спінальних дизрафій
Authors: Huk Yu.M. , Cheverda A.I. , Seker T.M. , Kincha-Polishchuk T.A. , Shkurko Yu.M. , Zotia A.V.
Published: September 2016

Спінальні дизрафії є важливою причиною статико-локомоторних порушень у дітей. Залежно від рівня ураження спинного мозку виникає різний ступінь паралічу чи парезу нижніх кінцівок, порушення функції тазових органів, деформації кінцівок і хребта, що значною мірою впливає на якість життя дитини та її можливість до пересування та обслуговування. Мета: залежно від рівня функціональної недостатності нижніх кінцівок оцінити здатність до пересування хворих із наслідками відкритих форм спінальних дизрафій. Матеріали та методи. Матеріал дослідження становили 81 пацієнт віком від 5 до 21 року (середній вік 8 років 10 місяців): у 69 пацієнтів спостерігався парапарез нижніх кінцівок, у 12 — монопарез. Визначення рівня нейросегментарного ураження спинного мозку проводилося згідно з класифікацією Sharrard`s (1964) у модифікації Bartonek et al. (1999). Здатність до пересування оцінювали за класифікацією Hoffer et al. (1973). Результати та обговорення. Всіх хворих, включених у дослідження, розподілено відповідно до рівня функціональної м’язової сили на 5 клінічних груп із визначеним рівнем функціональної м’язової сили за класифікацією Sharrard’s (1964) у модифікації Bartonek et al. (1999), проведено оцінку фактичного ступеня пересування хворих за Hoffer (1973). Порівняння отриманого фактичного ступеня пересування до теоретично очікуваного ступеня пересування пацієнтів показало, що діти з однаковим рівнем функціональної недостатності нижніх кінцівок не завжди досягають очікуваного ступеня пересування, а залежно від впливу супутніх факторів, таких як інтелектуальний (розумовий) рівень дитини, прогресування гідроцефалії, ожиріння, тяжкість ортопедичної патології, наявність спастичності та інші, можуть досягати як вищого, так і гіршого ступеня пересування. Висновки. Рівень нейросегментарного ураження спинного мозку, що визначає рівень м’язової функції нижніх кінцівок, є важливим фактором у здатності до пересування хворих із наслідками спінальних дизрафій. Пацієнти з однаковим рівнем втрати м’язової функції не завжди досягають очікуваного рівня пересування.
Роль остеосцинтиграфії та рентгенографії у хворих на остеонекроз при ендопротезуванні колінних суглобів
Authors: Korol P. , Tkachenko M.N. , Bondar V.K.
Published: September 2016

Актуальність. Останнім часом актуальність проблеми остеонекрозу колінних суглобів помітно зросла, що пояснюється такими факторами: збільшенням частоти захворювання; ураженням осіб переважно молодого віку (20–50 років); прогресуючим перебігом захворювання з наслідками на інвалідність; частою двосторонньою локалізацією патологічного процесу (31–74 %); складністю та невисокою ефективністю оперативного лікування. Мета — порівняльна характеристика рентгенологічного методу та методу остеосцинтиграфії в ранній діагностиці остеонекрозу при ендопротезуванні колінних суглобів. Матеріали та методи. Остеосцинтиграфія проводилася на томографічній сцинтиляційній планарній гамма-камері «Тамара-301 Т» після внутрішньовенного введення 99m-Tc-пірофосфату активністю 550–770 МБк. Рентгенологічне дослідження проводили на цифровому рентгенологічному діагностичному комплексі РДК-ВСМ «Медапаратура КВО». Результати. За допомогою методу статичної остеосцинтиграфії та рентгенографії було обстежено 60 хворих з остеонекрозом колінного суглоба, яким планується ендопротезування (32 жінки та 28 чоловіків), віком від 17 до 45 років (середній вік — 31,7 ± 4,2 року, медіана — 49 років). Порівняльний аналіз даних методик показав, що за допомогою рентгенографічного методу було отримано лише якісну характеристику змін із боку ураженого остеонекрозом суглоба (субхондральний некроз мищелків, інконгруентність суглобових поверхонь, потовщення кортикального шару тощо). При остеосцинтиграфії було отримано кількісні показники накопичення радіофармпрепарату в зоні некрозу, що дозволяє вірогідно визначити ступінь ураження остеонекрозом колінного суглоба вже на ранніх стадіях патологічного процесу. Чим більший осередок гіпофіксації радіофармпрепарату в уражених остеоартрозом компонентах колінного суглоба, тим вірогідно вищий ступінь їх ураження паталогічним процесом (p < 0,05). Висновки. Остеосцинтиграфію та рентгенографію можливо використовувати в діагностичному скринінгу пацієнтів при ендопротезуванні колінних суглобів, застосовувати з метою визначення стадії поширеності патологічного процессу при остеонекрозі, а також для моніторингу динаміки патологічного процесу після ендопротезування.
Обґрунтування можливості використання одноплощинного шарнірного апарата зовнішньої фіксації для лікування контрактур пальців кисті
Authors: Naumenko L.Yu. , Kostrytsia K.Yu. , Arbuzov M.A. , Mametiev A.O.
Published: September 2016

При стійких довготривалих контрактурах після травм, включаючи артрогенні, доцільне використання апаратів зовнішньої фіксації. Мета роботи: надати біомеханічне обґрунтування для використання одноплощинного шарнірного апарата зовнішньої фіксації для лікування контрактур у міжфалангових суглобах пальців кисті. Матеріали та методи. Шляхом математичного моделювання вивчалася біомеханічна робота пристрою для лікування контрактур суглобів пальців кисті однобічної одноплощинної конструкції. Результати й обговорення. У математичній моделі біомеханічну роботу даного апарата зовнішньої фіксації можна поділити на дві частини: активну механічну роботу накладної системи та пасивну роботу кістково-суглобного вузла. Суглоб у розрахунках може бути поданий у вигляді пружного шарніра. Сила, що необхідна для щоденного прикладання під час лікування, становить 21 Н, що відповідає 1 градусу повороту у хворому суглобі. Пристроєм необхідне активне зусилля розвивається й передається через два кісткові різьбові стрижні на середню чи дистальну фаланги. Аналітичні вирази дають змогу визначити поздовжні зусилля, що діють у дистальній, проксимальній пластині та поворотному механізмі в будь-який момент роботи апарата зовнішньої фіксації. Висновки. Проведене дослідження дає підстави вважати, що використання одноплощинного одностороннього апарата забезпечує умови для дозованого повороту в суглобі та подолання пружних характеристик різного ступеня вираженості.
Лікування спастичних форм дитячого церебрального паралічу в дітей на етапах оперативного втручання
Authors: Kabatsyi M.S. , Hoshko V.Yu. , Seker T.M. , Melnik M.V. , Moroz D.M. , Dulevich I.A.
Published: September 2016

Проведено аналіз лікування 320 дітей віком від 3 до 18 років зі спастичними формами дитячого церебрального паралічу. Дітям було проведено оперативне лікування. До операціїї діти отримували препарат сирдалуд, після операції — сирдалуд, масаж, лікувальну фізкультуру. Препарат зменшує спастичний стан м'язів, чинить знеболювальну дію.
Световая чувствительность зрительной системы как функциональный биомаркер нейрональных повреждений при рассеянном склерозе у пациентов с перенесенным острым ретробульбарным оптическим невритом и без него
Authors: Kubarko O.I. , Kubarko N.P. , Kubarko Yu.O.
Published: September 2016

Цель исследования — оценка контрастно-цветовой чувствительности в центральной области поля зрения, контрастно-частотной чувствительности и динамической остроты зрения у здоровых испытуемых, в больных и здоровых глазах при рассеянном склерозе (РС) у пациентов с перенесенным ретробульбарным оптическим невритом (РБН) и без него. Материал и методы. Исследование зрительных функций проведено в 150 глазах 114 здоровых испытуемых, 49 глазах 36 пациентов с РС, перенесших острый РБН, и 43 глазах 29 пациентов с РС без перенесенного РБН. У всех испытуемых перед исследованием показателей световой чувствительности проводились определение статической остроты зрения, рефракции и офтальмоскопия глазного дна. Результаты и заключение. На основании анализа показателей контрастно-цветовой чувствительности, контрастно-частотной чувствительности и динамической остроты зрения проведена оценка изменений световой чувствительности больных и здоровых глаз у пациентов с РС с перенесенным РБН и без него. Выявлено, что световая чувствительность снижена во вторых — здоровых глазах при РС с перенесенным монокулярным РБН и что снижение световой чувствительности в глазах при РС с перенесенным РБН более глубокое. Световая чувствительность остается сниженной, несмотря на восстановление статической остроты зрения после перенесенного РБН. Различия показателей cветовой чувствительности зрительной системы используются для обсуждения связи острой демиелинизирующей оптической нейропатии с нейрональными повреждениями и характером течения рассеянного склероза. Обсуждается также возможность использования данных о снижении световой чувствительности для ранней диагностики и оценки нейрональных нарушений в зрительной системе при РС.
Сравнительная оценка клинико-инструментальных показателей у больных в восстановительном периоде полушарного ишемического инсульта, получавших курс базисной терапии в сочетании с Церебролизином
Authors: Hryhorova I.A. , Heletka O.O.
Published: September 2016

В статье представлена сравнительная оценка клинико-инструментальных показателей (электромиография, вызванные потенциалы Р300) и концентрации цитокинов IL‑4, ФНО-α в крови в двух группах больных, которые перенесли каротидный ишемический инсульт. Первую группу составили 19 пациентов, получавшие базисную терапию, вторую группу — 15 пациентов, получавшие базисную терапию в сочетании с Церебролизином. Средний возраст больных в обеих группах составил 48,4 ± 3,7 года. Было выявлено, что у больных обеих групп базисная терапия в сочетании с назначением Церебролизина оказывает положительное влияние на показатели клинической и электромиографической картины, параметры когнитивных процессов по методике Р300. Выявлено повышение мобильности и способности к самообслуживанию, бытовой активности (по данным индекса Бартел).
Клініко-нейрофізіологічні особливості у хворих на міастенію залежно від структурних змін тимуса
Authors: Tovazhnianska O.L. , Samoilova H.P.
Published: September 2016

Для вивчення особливостей клінічного перебігу й порушення нервово-м’язової передачі в пацієнтів з міастенією залежно від структурних змін тимуса були проаналізовані результати клініко-нейрофізіологічного обстеження 78 хворих. Матеріали та методи. Залежно від структурних змін тимуса всі хворі були поділені на 3 групи. Перша група — 29 пацієнтів з міастенією без змін структури тимуса. Друга група — 30 пацієнтів, у яких міастенія супроводжувалася гіперплазією тимуса. Третя група — 19 хворих з міастенією на фоні тимоми. Ступінь тяжкості захворювання оцінювався за допомогою кількісної шкали тяжкості клінічних проявів міастенії (QMGS) та клінічної класифікації Myathenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA), 2001. Оцінка нервово-м’язової передачі проводилася на підставі аналізу результатів декремент-тесту та амплітуди негативної фази М-відповіді при низькочастотній непрямій супрамаксимальній стимуляції m. abductor digiti minimi та m. orbicularis oculi. Результати та висновки. Зміни структури тимуса негативно впливають на перебіг міастенії, про що свідчать показники за шкалою QMGS та класифікацією MGFA. Найбільша тяжкість захворювання (з переважанням ураження бульбарної групи м’язів) поєднувалася із наявністю у хворих тимоми, а найменша відзначалась у хворих з нормальною структурою тимуса. Переважання пацієнтів жіночої статі в групі хворих з міастенією на тлі гіперплазії тимуса може свідчити про вплив гормонального статусу як на структуру вилочкової залози з розвитком її гіперплазії, так і на перебіг міастенії, що потребує подальшого вивчення. Простежена пряма залежність між структурними змінами в тимусі та зниженням амплітуди негативної фази М-відповіді, що свідчить про негативний вплив морфологічних порушень тимуса на нервово-м’язову передачу імпульсів. Значне зниження амплітуди негативної фази М-відповіді на фоні високих показників декремент-тесту можна вважати маркером тяжкого перебігу захворювання.
Comparison of the effectiveness of kick and sweep hand net and Surber net sampling techniques used for collecting aquatic macroinvertebrate samples
Authors: Tubic Bojana , Popovic Natasa , Rakovic Maja , Petrovic Аna , Simic Vladica , Paunovic Momir
Published: September 2016

The objective of this work is to analyze the effectiveness of two widely used
methods for collecting aquatic macroinvertebrate samples: the
semiquantitative kick and sweep (K&S) and quantitative Surber net (SN)
techniques. Based on our data, the methods were fully comparable as regards
analysis of the macroinvertebrate metrics most often used in ecological
status assessment (sensitivity/tolerance parameters), while K&S was found to
be more successful in the evaluation of biodiversity. Thus, both methods
could be used for routine monitoring of the status of water bodies, according
to the recommendation of the EU Water Framework Directive, while for
research, K&S is more advanced. K&S is also more effective timewise for
material collecting. SN sampling is a quantitative method and could thus be
used in studies of aquatic ecosystem productivity.
Time dependent prediction of monthly global solar radiation and sunshine duration using exponentially weighted moving average in southeastern of Turkey
Authors: Gumus Bilal , Kilic Hibetullah
Published: September 2016

This paper proposes a new approach for prediction of global solar radiation and sunshine duration based on earlier years of data for the eastern region of Turkey which has a high potential of solar energy. The proposed method predicts the basic parameters using time series and an analysis method. This method is exponentially weighted moving average. This model estimates next years global solar radiation and sunshine duration and is evaluated by statistical parameters, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and coefficient of determination, to examine the success of the proposed technique. In our study, the result shows that this method is effective in predicting global solar radiation and sunshine duration as regards of MAPE and coefficient of determination. The calculated MAPE which are between 0-10 kWh/m2 per day were assumed excellent and coefficient of determination were found significant per every year.
Analytical modeling of the thermal behavior of a thin lubricant film under nonlinear conditions
Authors: Laraqi Najib , Lamriben Cyril , Hocine Ali , Peter Zsolt , Hamouda Abderezak
Published: September 2016

Lubrication is an important phenomenon in a wide field of industry such as
automotive, aerospace, mechanical transmission systems and many others. The
viscosity of fluid is a determining factor in the thermal behavior of
lubricant and solid surfaces in friction. In practice the viscosity varies
strongly as a function of local pressure and temperature. In this study we
are interested in the effect of temperature on the viscosity and the thermal
behavior of the lubricant. We solve the dynamic and energy equations under
nonlinear conditions considering that the viscosity decreases following an
exponential law of the temperature as it is known in the literature, ? = ?0
e-? (T-T0). The analytical solution is compared to a numerical modeling using
a finite difference methods. The results show an excellent agreement. We
analyse the effect of the viscosity coefficient, ?, on the velocity and the
temperature in the thin lubricant film.
A variable-order fractal derivative model for anomalous diffusion
Authors: Liu Xiaoting , Sun Hong-Guang , Lazarevic Mihailo , Fu Zhuojia
Published: September 2016

This paper pays attention to develop a variable-order fractal derivative
model for anomalous diffusion. Previous investigations have indicated that
the medium structure, fractal dimension or porosity may change with time or
space during solute transport processes, results in time or spatial dependent
anomalous diffusion phenomena. Hereby, this study makes an attempt to
introduce a variable-order fractal derivative diffusion model, in which the
index of fractal derivative depends on temporal moment or spatial position,
to characterize the above mentioned anomalous diffusion (or transport)
processes. Compared with other models, the main advantages in description and
the physical explanation of new model are explored by numerical simulation.
Further discussions on the dissimilitude such as computational efficiency,
diffusion behavior and heavy tail phenomena of the new model and
variable-order fractional derivative model are also offered.
Control of thermal stresses in axissymmetric problems of fractional thermoelasticity for an infinite cylindrical domain
Authors: Povstenko Yuriy , Avci Derya , İskender Eroğlu , Özdemir Necati
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we study a control problem of thermal stresses in an infinite
cylindrical body. The temperature distribution is defined by the
time-fractional heat conduction equation with the Caputo derivative of the
order 0 < ? ? 2. The problem is formulated for axisymmetric case. The sought-for heat
source function is treated as a control of stress and displacement
components. For this purpose, we find the control function which guarantees
the distribution of the stress component in some section of a body and at
some time at a prescribed level. Integral transform technique is applied to
obtain the desired control function, stresses and displacement components.
Numerical results are illustrated graphically.