bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ИНТЕРНЕТ-ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЬСТВО РАЙОННЫХ И ГОРОДСКИХ ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫХ КОМИТЕТОВ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ: ОЦЕНКА И СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ
Authors: Гороховик К.Е.
Published: January 2022

В статье анализируется присутствие исполкомов базового уровня Республики Беларусь в сети Интернет. Проводится анализ проработанности официальных сайтов исполкомов, наличие аккаунтов в социальных сетях и мессенджерах. Анализируется посещаемость сайтов и аккаунтов в социальной сети «ВКонтакте».
Assessing The Impact Of Cost Inflation On Building Construction Material: A Study In Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors:   Department of Construction technology and management, WolaitaSodo University, Ethiopia., Tadesse Borku Wondimagegn
Published: January 2022

Inflation is the process of continuously rising prices, or equivalently, of a continuously falling value of money. Price Escalation is an increase in the cost of any construction elements of the original contract and base cost of a project due to passage of time. The methods that used for this thesis were by collecting the data require for this study through preparing questionnaires. The investigation of factors that might contribute to cost inflation on construction material is significant in order to notice attention to specific areas of improvement for building construction projects in Wolaitasodo. Accordingly, this research attempts to assess the impact of cost inflation, to identify problems of cost inflation on construction material and adjustment and methods to manage/administer cost inflation on construction material in Wolaitasodo building construction projects, which can serve as the way forward for future work in coping with this inflation.Findings revealed that the major impacts of cost inflation on construction materials which have been occurring on the projects are improper risk management and improper team organization. Quality of workman ship, risk of project abandonment and Lack of firm price quotes are the factors that cause the cost inflation on construction material and adjustment problems on Wolaita sodo building construction projects. [5] Cited [11]
Smart Automated Sericulture Based On Image Processing Technique And Embedded System
Authors:   Applied Electronics., N S Yogeshraj
Published: January 2022

Sericulture is the process of growing silkworms for the purpose of producing silk. India is the world’s second-largest producer of silk. Sericulture is central to India’s socioeconomic, economic, cultural, and political development. Temperature and humidity are important factors in the growth of healthy silkworms. at all stages, particularly during larval development. We’re utilising the webcam to detect silkworms that aren’t doing well. Image processing aids us in recognising infection, ill health, and non-identical phases of silkworms in our study. The colour change in the silkworm’s body is mostly determined via image processing techniques. It denotes non-identical phases, such as black worms and swallow worms, as well as diseases caused by worms.
La provincia Duarte en el contexto nacional
Authors: Santos Hernández Roberto
Published: January 2022

El presente ensayo es un intento de aproximación a la descripción exploratoria —física y evolutiva— de la demarcación territorial denominada en la actualidad provincia Duarte. Se perciben los hitos evolutivos de este etnocidio de los macorixes y ciguayos como parte de La Vega; fundación de la Villa de San Francisco de Macorís; origen, vida y muerte del ferrocarril y su im- pacto en la vida social, económica y cultural. Rasgos identitarios sin caer en exagerado localismo porque en la historia local hay causalidades regionales, nacionales, caribeñas, continentales, hemisféricas y de metrópolis. Se aborda la evolución de la educación escolar y la marginación de la mujer.
Breve historia de La Romana
Authors: Jarvis Luis Rafael
Published: January 2022

Se detiene en reflexionar sobre el nombre de la ciudad estudiada. Para luego realizar un recorrido por la historia del conglomerado que empezó su andadura desde los inicios del siglo XIX y se desarrolla hasta los umbrales del XXI.
Santiago, la provincia más provincia
Authors: Espinal Hernández Edwin
Published: January 2022

El autor compendia la creación y evolución de la provincia de Santiago, al tiempo que resalta los hitos claves en la historia del municipio de Santiago en tanto eje provincial y ofrece pinceladas sobre aspectos de la religiosidad popular, el arte y la cultura y la presencia de la mujer en ámbitos determinados.
Historia de la provincia Santiago Rodríguez. Evolución política y especificidades económicas
Authors: Báez Bisonó Rafael
Published: January 2022

Santiago Rodríguez es una de las 32 provincias de la República Dominicana y se encuentra en el noroeste del país, en la subregión del Cibao, conocida como lí- nea noroeste. Su capital es la ciudad de San Ignacio de Sabaneta. La entrada del municipio cabecera es ador- nada por un monumento a los héroes de la sublevación de Sabaneta, el 22 de febrero de 1863, que son: Santiago Rodríguez, José Cabrera, Ignacio Reyes, Alejandro Bueno, José Marte, Francisco Suriel, Pedro Tomás, Manuel de Jesús Núñez, José Gómez, Ambrosio Echa- varría, Nicolás Fortuna y Francisco Fortuna. El proceso de formación de Sabaneta tuvo lugar en la década de los 40 del siglo XIX. Este poblado siguió trillando el camino del progreso y para el año 1855 la ley número 567 del 27 de septiembre eleva esa comunidad a co- mún de Santiago con el nombre de Sabaneta. Cuando Monte Cristi adquirió el estatus de provincia en 1879, Sabaneta cambió de jurisdicción, pasando a pertenecer a la nueva provincia.
Upaya Meningkatkan Partisipasi dan Hasil Belajar IPS melalui Pendekatan Pembelajaran Kooperatif Model Group Investigation
Authors: Nursiah
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana Upaya Meningkatkan Partisipasi dan Hasil Belajar dalam Pembelajaran IPS melalui Pendekatan Pembelajaran Kooperatif Model Kajian Kelompok (Group Investigation) pada Siswa Kelas IX-3 SMP Negeri 1 Taliwang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, setiap siklus dua kali pertemuan dan setiap akhir siklus dilakukan penilaian untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya peningkatan partisipasi siswa dalam pembelajaran IPS dan penguasaan materi IPS. Tindakan yang diberikan berupa model kajian kelompok sebagai upaya memperbaiki pembelajaran IPS dan meningkatkan partisipasi dan hasil belajar IPS, penelitian dilakukan pada Siswa Kelas IX-3 SMP Negeri 1 Taliwang. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran model kajian kelompok dapat meningkatkan aktivitas siswa. Siswa memiliki keberanian untuk bertanya, berkomunikasi, menjawab pertanyaan guru, teman atau kelompok lain dan berani mempertahankan pendapat ketika berdiskusi. Meningkatnya partisipasi dan hasil belajar IPS dapat dilihat dari perolehan nilai siswa sebelum diberikan tindakan, yakni rata-rata 71.25, menjadi 77.14 pada siklus I. Pencapaian ketuntasan materi sebelum dilakukan tindakan sebanyak 13 siswa (46.43%), meningkat menjadi 20 siswa (71.42%) pada siklus I. Pada siklus II nilai rata-rata meningkat menjadi 84.71 dan siswa yang telah mencapai ketuntasan 28 siswa (85.71%) pada tes akhir siklus rata-rata nilai siswa menjadi 80.93 Model pembelajaran Kajian Kelompok mampu meningkatkan partisipasi belajar siswa di kelas IX-3 pada SMP Negeri 1 Taliwang, karena pembelajaran dengan model Kajian Kelompok dapat menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang aktif, inovatif, kreatif dan menyenangkan.
Spatial Delineation of Gold Resource Planning Regions Based on Multi-Objectives
Authors:   Chinese Academy of Natural Resources Economics, China, Zhang Yuhan
Published: January 2022

Current gold resource management in China has faced dual challenge from guaranteeing metal supply (quantity) and resource upgrade and transformation (quality). Although China has proposed the setup of seven gold resource planning regions to resolve this challenge, how to spatially-delineate these regions has not been specified. In this study, we identify three criteria for the spatial delineation of these 7 planning regions, i.e., (i) geographic distance from any mining right to the center of its planning region is shorter than to the center of any adjacent planning region; (ii) the size of each planning region should be similar; (iii) the amount of gold production capacity in each planning region should reach a certain proportion threshold of the national total (namely the “goal value”). Referenced from the existing spatial delineation methods, Voronoi diagram and buffer analysis are used to calculate the spatial scope necessary to satisfy these three objectives, from both resource development (mining right-level) and management (administrative county-level) perspective. The results show that with the goal value rising from 40 to 60%, the planning region size, the number of mining right and the administrative county involved in the planning regions all increase substantially, but the growth rates are different. Our work integrates the mineral resource management and geographic analysis, and such methodology is also applicable on other commodities.
A Preliminary Economic Evaluation of Rare Earth Element and Yttrium (REY) in Indonesian Coal: Progress and Future Prospect
Authors:   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Patria Aulia Agus , Anggara Ferian
Published: January 2022

Coal deposits have fascinated much attention in recent years due to its by-product waste as promising alternative sources for rare earth metals. Rare earth metals concentration in many coals and coal ashes are known have equal to or higher than those found in conventional ore. Indonesia is one of the most extensive coal-bearing sedimentary basins in SE Asia with unique tectonic and geological control that might be significance as prospective country of rare metals recovery from coal. This study shows recent progress from several Indonesian coal-bearing sedimentary basins: Ombilin, South Sumatra and Pasir basin. Surprisingly, the REY concentration in Ombilin, South Sumatera and Pasir basin has higher than the average world-coal with 126.15 ppm, 203.72 and 285.53 ppm, respectively. Based on the relationship market demand and supply of individual REY in recent years proposed by Seredin and Dai (2012), all of coal samples were clustered into Promising (II) type with base of critical outlook is 0.7 and cut-off grade is 1000 ppm in coal ashes. It comprises the various REY distribution types and can be regarded as promising REY raw metrials for economic development. REY-enrichment processes in Indonesian coal are different due its tectonic and geological processes that control the basin formation, both of pre-, syn- and post-forming. Genetically, major REY-enrichment processes in Indonesian coal are controlled by tuffaceous; infiltrational; and terrigenous process. Tuffaceous process is related to volcanism that produce tonstein layer during coal peatification, this type is determined in South Sumatera and Pasir basin. Terrigenous process is controlled by provenance sediment-source during coal-bearing formation is formed; basaltic-igneous basement is major controlled REY-enrichment in Ombilin and Pasir basin. Injections of marine water during coal peatification also known that lead REY-enrichment, this type called infiltrational type and its presence in all three basins. Recent study about REY-rich in Indonesian coal shows significance prospect for future rare earth metals recovery. Further study is needed in unexplored coal-bearing sedimentary basin such as Tarakan, Asem-asem, Barito, Ketungau, Melawi, Salawati and Bintuni basin.
Potential Enrichment of Scandium in Bauxite Deposit for the Emerging Green Technology Needs
Authors:   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Putri Adinda Ramadhani Haka , Setijadji Lucas Donny , Sunjaya Dedi ,   PT. Aneka Tambang Tbk, Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: January 2022

Scandium (Sc) becomes one of critical raw materials as principal uses are now in the production of scandium-aluminum alloys and also in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). Scarcity of scandium resources has led the urgency to discover new potential sources of scandium to meet the supply and demand. One of the possible sources of scandium is from bauxite deposit. Tayan area is part of West Kalimantan laterite belt with the potency for scandium resources in Indonesia as a result of the altered granitoid rocks, namely bauxite. This study presents integrated geological and modes of occurrences study to elucidate the potential enrichment of scandium in the study area including through several laboratory analyses: petrography, XRD, XRF, ICP-MS, and SEM-BSE-EDS. Our study concludes that the concretion textures of bauxite samples are dominated by Fe and Al oxide-hydroxide. The ore is composed of gibbsite and goethite. The result of scandium concentration analysis is equal to 50.9 ppm. Systematic SEM–EDS mapping confirms the presence of scandium as mainly from substitution of Fe3+ and Al3+ by Sc3+. Sc is hosted in goethite, where Sc3+ substitutes Fe3+ in goethite crystal lattice. Sc3+ also substitutes Al3+ in gibbsite crystal lattice. Understanding the enrichment in which scandium occurs in bauxite deposit will hopefully open the new possibility to meet the needs for critical materials for green technology development.
PRINCIPAIS ATRIBUIÇOES SUPERVISOR EDUCACIONAL NA GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA DA ESCOLA
Authors: Silva Karla Suely Brasil da , Barbosa Vanderleia Fernandes , Santos Regina Mara Candida dos , Gomes Francisco Silva , Nobre Thiago dos Santos , Silva Severino Diego da
Published: January 2022

O supervisor escolar é o profissional com habilitação em Pedagogia e/ou a nível de especialização, que executa serviços de supervisão e parceria pedagógica na escola, por isso é importante fomentar a importância desse profissional e seu papel na escola. O supervisor, tem o papel de atuar como o harmonizador do espaço escolar, uma vez este profissional não atua de forma isolada, tampouco como fiscal do professor, mas sim como um facilitador do trabalho pedagógico. Portanto o orientador escolar, atua como parceiro do supervisor educacional, na construção e desenvolvimento social e cultural do aluno, além de auxiliar os professores na mediação da aprendizagem ou nas dificuldades na aquisição de saber. O Serviço de Orientação Escolar é muito importante para as escolas, pois trata-se, de um profissional que tem o papel de mediar a relação entre professor, aluno, a família e a escola, além de ter papel fundamental na superação das dificuldades de aprendizagem apresentada pelos alunos no espaço escolar.
PROPOSTA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SOFTWARE DE CONTA VINCULADA
Authors: Nobre Thiago dos Santos , Batista Gerson de Sousa , Gomes Francisco Silva , Braga Luciene Pereira , Lima Juliana Lobato , Figueiredo Djimara de Assis Rocha de
Published: January 2022

Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral propor um projeto de desenvolvimento de uma aplicação personalizada, utilizando a tecnologia da informação para auxiliar a Unir, Campus de Presidente Médici, no gerenciamento de Conta Vinculada, especificando as características mais relevantes do Software, levadas em consideração pelos gestores e fiscais de contrato, bem como analisar e documentar os requisitos necessários para o desenvolvimento do sistema. O problema da pesquisa é a ausência de uma aplicação personalizada, e diante disso foi necessário realizar a seguinte pergunta: quais são os requisitos indispensáveis para o desenvolvimento de um sistema de Gestão de Conta Vinculada? A hipótese da pesquisa é a consolidação das informações, demonstrando a importância do desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta informatizada e específica. O presente trabalho tem como justificativa a proteção dos direitos trabalhistas, considerando a essencialidade dos serviços terceirizados para a manutenção da instituição supracitada, que possui em seu quadro funcional, um número significativo de colaboradores, tornando-se indispensável o desenvolvimento de um sistema de gerenciamento eficiente de Conta Vinculada.
أثر جائحة كورونا على العلاقات داخل الأسرة في المجتمع السعودي (دراسة ميدانية على عينة من الأسر السعودية في منطقة نجران)
Authors:   ماجستير في التوجيه والإصلاح الأسري، قسم علم الاجتماع والخدمة الاجتماعية، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية, ال دويس مصلح
Published: January 2022

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر جائحة كورونا على العلاقات داخل الأسرة في المجتمع السعودي، وقد استخدم الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. تكونت عينة البحث من (295) مفردة، واستخدم الاستبيان كأداة رئيسية لجمع بيانات الدراسة. وخلصت نتائج الدراسة إلى أن هناك مستوى مرتفع للتأثير الإيجابي لجائحة كورونا على الأسرة السعودية، ووجود مستوى متوسط للتأثير السلبي لجائحة كورونا على الأسرة السعودية، بالإضافة إلى وجود مستوى متوسط للمشكلات الأسرية الناتجة عن جائحة كورونا داخل الاسرة في المجتمع السعودي. كذلك عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين متوسطات استجابات أفراد عينة الدراسة بالنسبة للتأثير الإيجابي والسلبي لجائحة كورونا على الأسرة السعودية تعزي للمؤهل العلمي وعدد الأطفال وعدد سنوات الزواج، كذلك عدم وجود فروق بين متوسطات الاستجابات حول أبرز المشكلات الأسرية الناتجة عن جائحة كورونا داخل الاسرة في المجتمع السعودي تعزي للمؤهل العلمي وعدد الأطفال وعدد سنوات الزواج. كما أوصت الدراسة بمجموعة توصيات أهمها: اعتماد أسلوب الحوار في النقاشات المختلفة والمشاكل التي قد تقع بين الازواج وتعزيز اسلوب النقاش المنطقي واللجوء لطرف ثالث داعم للأزواج، والمحافظة على العلاقات الاجتماعية الإيجابية وإصلاح العلاقات السيئة لا سيما داخل الأسرة. إضافة إلى تنظيم البرنامج اليومي مع تضمينه للأنشطة الرياضية اليومية التي يقوم بها جميع أفراد الأسرة معاً.
فعالية برنامج قائم على المحطات العلمية في تدريس العلوم لتنمية الخيال العلمي لدى تلميذات الصف الثاني المتوسط بمدينة حائل
Authors:   أستاذ مشارك المناهج وطرق التدريس، كلية التربية، جامعة حائل، المملكة العربية السعودية, مراد الدكتورة/ سهام
Published: January 2022

هدف البحث إلى تنمية الخيال العلمي لدى تلميذات الصف الثاني المتوسط من خلال بناء برنامج قائم على المحطات العلمية في تدريس العلوم، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف تم إعداد مواد المعالجة التجريبية والتي تضمنت (البرنامج القائم على المحطات العلمية في تدريس العلوم ودليل المعلم) وأداة القياس وتشمل اختبار الخيال العلمي في العلوم، وقد اتبع البحث المنهج التجريبي بتصميمه شبة التجريبي ذو المجموعة الواحدة حيث تم تجريب وحدات البرنامج القائم على المحطات العلمية (المحاليل والمخاليط) للفصل الدراسي الأول الوحدة الأولى الفصل الثاني على مجموعة من تلميذات الصف الثاني المتوسط لبيان فعالية البرنامج القائم على المحطات العلمية لتنمية الخيال العلمي، وقد أظهرت النتائج وجود فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (0.01) بين متوسطي درجات التلاميذ مجموعة البحث في التطبيقين القبلي والبعدي لاختبار الخيال العلمي في العلوم لصالح المتوسط الأعلى وهو التطبيق البعدي، وقد أوصى البحث بضرورة إثراء الموضوعات الدراسية في مادة العلوم بتدريبات عديدة تعمل على تنمية مهارات التفكير العليا، وعقد دورات تدريبية لمعلمي العلوم لتنمية قدراتهم على استخدام المحطات العلمية.
الاستراتيجية الوطنية للتعليم 2040 وأثر توصياتها على خطط وبرامج التعليم العالي في سلطنة عُمان (كليات العلوم التطبيقية أنموذجا)
Authors:   أخصائية تقييم برامج إنماء مهني، وزارة التربية والتعلم، سلطنة عُمان, الكندية لطيفة , الذهلي ربيع بن المر ,   أستاذ مساعد، كلية العلوم والآداب، جامعة نزوى، سلطنة عُمان, اليحمدي حمد بن هلال ,   أستاذ مساعد، كلية العلوم والآداب، جامعة نزوى، سلطنة عُمان
Published: January 2022

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر توصيات الاستراتيجية الوطنية للتعليم 2040 على خطط وبرامج التعليم العالي -كليات العلوم التطبيقية أنموذجا - في سلطنة عُمان. وتم بناء استبانة تكونت من جزئيين: الجزء الأول: البيانات العامة لأفراد عينة الدراسة، والجزء الثاني: أثر توصيات الاستراتيجية الوطنية للتعليم 2040 على خطط وبرامج كليات العلوم التطبيقية في سلطنة عُمان من وجهة نظر أفراد عينة الدراسة، وتكون من (7) فقرات. وبلغت عينة الدراسة (237) إداريا وأكاديميا ووظائف مساندة. وتوصلت نتائج الدراسة: إلى أن أثر توصيات الاستراتيجية الوطنية للتعليم 2040 على خطط وبرامج كليات العلوم التطبيقية بأثر (كبير)، وعدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائية تعزى للمتغيرات: (الجنس، والمسمى الوظيفي، وسنوات الخبرة)، ووجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى لمتغير الموقع الجغرافي للكليات لصالح صحار. وفي ضوء النتائج أوصت الدراسة بتشكيل لجان لتشخيص وتقييم الواقع الفعلي، ومتابعة مسايرة خطط وبرامج كليات العلوم التطبيقية (جامعة التقنية والعلوم التطبيقية)؛ لتتماشى مع خطط وبرامج في الاستراتيجية الوطنية للتعليم 2040.
FACTORS OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR AMONG MOTORCYCLE DRIVERS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH DANGEROUS DRIVING INDEX IN THE STATE OF PENANG
Authors: Senderal Mageswaran , Chethiyar Saralah Devi Mariamdaran , Azmi Muzlifah Binti
Published: January 2022

This study aims to identify the factors of aggressive behavior among motorcyclists in the state of Penang. Also identify the relationship between aggressive behavior factors and the dangerous driving index. This study is quantitative in nature by distributing questionnaires to 140 individuals who have been convicted under Section 42 (1) of the Road Transport Act 1987. Descriptive and inferential analysis methods are used to answer the research questions. Independent sample t-tests and one-way Anova were conducted to identify differences in the level of aggressive behavior among respondents based on demographic factors and conducted Pearson correlation analysis to identify the relationship between the two study variables. The findings of this study provide real figures related to the level of aggressive behavior from the perception of individuals who have ever made such mistakes. Independent sample t tests showed that there were behavioral differences based on gender factors. Meanwhile, one-way Anova test shows that there are differences based on employment factors and not education level. Correlation analysis showed that there was a relationship between aggressive behavior with a dangerous driving index with a value of r 0.349. Thus, this study helps in identifying the relationship between aggressive behavior and against the increase in the dangerous driving index among motorcyclists. All parties should mobilize their energy to reduce the dangerous driving index and pose a danger due to aggressive behavior factors on the road.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR AND DEPRESSION AMONG JOHOR PRISON FINAL PRISONERS
Authors: Elamkovam Vinodh , Mariamdaran Saralah Devi
Published: January 2022

The issue of depression among prisoners has received attention from researchers in the field of imprisonment and correctional services in recent times. Various studies have been conducted to answer the questions that arise in the issue of depression especially among final prisoners. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between depression and aggressive behavior among final inmates in Johor State Prison. This quantitative study used a questionnaire and involved a total of 127 respondents consisting of final inmates from three Johor State Prison institutions. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. The findings of the study found that there was a relationship between depression and aggressive behavior of final inmates in Johor State Prison. While the results of t test analysis found that there is no difference in aggressive behavior and depression according to the citizenship status of final inmates while the results of ANOVA test analysis found that there is no difference in aggressive behavior and depression according to age of final inmates in Johor State Prison. Thus, the formation of discipline and emphasis on the personality aspects of the final prisoner should be focused by the prison institution with the aim of producing final prisoners who can return to the basics if released later.
TYPES AND APPLICATION OF REHABILITATION PROGRAM AGAINST PRISONERS IN DRUGS CASES AT THE SPECIAL PRINCIPAL INSTITUTIONS FOR DRUG IN INDONESIA
Authors: Mubarak Nurfauziah Amalia , Butar-Butar Herry Fernandes
Published: January 2022

A fact that can’t be avoided in the prison is the dominance of the drug case which is the largest contributor of prisoners in the institution, even other crimes can be lined with drug cases if the prisoner commits a crime under the influence of illegal drugs. Narcotics are considered as an outlet for someone who is experiencing mental stress such as depression, it is easy to be provoked by irresponsible individuals who offer solutions to be free in an illegal way. Not only adults, for the sake of the circulation of drugs continue to be sold, they use children as an intermediary for the action. If they have become drug addicts and consume them for a long time then special coaching is needed that is applied to all Penitentiary institutions throughout Indonesia. The government establishes detailed regulations for handling drug cases so that the recovery of prisoners from the crimes they have committed can be carried out effectively and thoroughly so that prisoners can be free from illegal drugs. This journal will explain the types of rehabilitation at the Narcotics Penitentiary in Indonesia and how they will be applied to prisoners while they are serving their time in prison.

 

Suatu fakta yang tidak bisa dihindari di dunia pemasyarakatan adalah dominasi kasus Narkoba yang menjadi penyumbang terbesar narapidana di dalam lembaga, bahkan tindak kejahatan lainnya dapat berlapis dengan kasus narkoba apabila narapidana tersebut melakukan kejahatan di bawah pengaruh obat-obatan terlarang. Narkoba dianggap sebagai pelampiasan seseorang yang mengalami tekanan mental seperti stress dan depresi, sehingga mudah sekali terhasut oleh oknum tidak bertanggung jawab yang menawarkan solusi untuk terbebas dari tekanan tersebut dengan cara yang illegal. Tak hanya orang dewasa, demi peredaran narkoba terus lancar dijual maka para oknum menggunakan anak yang tak paham narkoba sebagai perantara aksinya. Mungkin akan mudah untuk dibina apabila narapidana bukanlah pecandu, tetapi jika sudah menjadi pecandu narkoba dan mengonsumsinya dalam jangka waktu yang lama maka dibutuhkan pembinaan khusus sebagai pendamping pembinaan biasa yang diterapkan kepada seluruh lembaga Pemasyarakatan di seluruh Indonesia. Untuk itu, pemerintah menetapkan regulasi terperinci untuk penanganan kasus narkoba sehingga kegiatan pemulihan narapidana dari kejahatan yang ia perbuat dapat terlaksana secara efektif dan menyeluruh hingga narapidana tersebut bisa terbebas dari obat-obatan terlarang yang seharusnya tidak mereka konsumsi. Pada jurnal ini akan dijelaskan jenis-jenis rehabilitasi pada Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Khusus Narkotika di Indonesia serta bagaimana penerapannya kepada narapidana selama mereka menjalani masa pidana di dalam penjara.
DIGITAL MARKETING EFFORTS IN INCREASING SALES RESULTS OF PRISONERS' WORK ACTIVITIES AT CIPINANG CLASS 1 PRISON
Authors: Christian Ronaldo , Rifani Denny Nazaria
Published: January 2022

This study discusses Digital Marketing's efforts in increasing the sales results of inmates' work activities at the Cipinang Class I Correctional Institution, in the implementation of independence activities at the Penitentiary which focuses on work activities, of course, training and good and correct strategies are needed in marketing the results of work activities. The purpose of this study is to find out how to increase the sales results of inmates' work activities through Digital Marketing efforts and the obstacles faced in carrying out the process of increasing the sales results of inmates' work activities at the Cipinang Class I Correctional Institution. The type of research used in this study is a qualitative approach. Based on this research, it is known that the marketing of the sales of work activities at the Cipinang Class I Correctional Institution uses conventional methods and online marketing methods. However, the implementation has not run optimally, because only online partnerships are carried out by Cipinang Class 1 Correctional Instituion in marketing their products to the public online.

 

Keywords :

Digital Marketing, Work Activities, Prisoners
NASILNI PROGON I PRISILNE DEPORTACIJE BOŠNJAKA S PODRUČJA BOSANSKE KRAJINE KAO REZULTAT PROGLAŠENJA REPUBLIKE SRPSKOG NARODA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI
Authors: Begić Mujo , Vučkić Ermin
Published: January 2022

Rezultat proglašenja i djelovanja Republike srpskog naroda u Bosni i Hercegovini je agresija i genocid koje su počinili srpske vojne i policijske snage nad Bošnjacima. Srpski agresor je u agresiju na Republiku Bosnu i Hercegovinu uz korištenje nadmoćnije vojne sile, civile i civilno stanovništvo ubijao, ranjavao, razarao njihovu imovinu, prisilno progonio iz njihovih domova i prisiljavao ih da trajno napuste svoje domove i imovinu. Prisilna premještanja i deportacije Bošnjaka i Hrvata s prostora Bosanske krajine bile su masovne, sistematične i planirane, a praćene su ubijanjima, nasiljem, raznim prinudama, nezakonitim zatočenjima, silovanjima, miniranjem i paljenjem kuća, pljačkom imovine, psihičkim pritiscima od strane srpskih vojnih i policijskih jedinica i civilnih vlasti. Cilj ovih progona i deportacija bio je ostanak 2% nesrpskog stanovništva na teritoriji Bosanske krajine. U periodu 1992–1995. godine više stotina hiljada građana nesrpske nacionalnosti s prostora Bosanske krajine je prisilno protjerano
SOCIAL MEDIA IN SECOND LANGUAGE CLASSROOM: A SURVEY OF ESL STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL
Authors:   University of Sindh Jamshoro, Lashary Mubarak , Mehdi Muntazar ,   National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Arafat Yasir ,   National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad
Published: January 2022

This paper intends to analyze the choice of social media from Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, or any other means of communication by the students in learning English at university level. Social media has turned out to be a social reality of today’s world, particularly in the field of academics. The use of social media is not restricted to any social sphere of human life irrespective of any social varialbles. All the people are consumers of it in either one or the other way. Through this study, the dominant choice in various perspectives and its uses have been unfolded. The study is quantitative and tries to explore how the ESL students are trying to use social media in learning second language. The sample for the study is non-probability where 50 students from the Institute of English Language and Literature, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan have been selected on the non-proportional quota basis. The researchers received 48 questionnaires from the respondents. The questionnaire is mainly close-ended with nominal response category; however, ut some open-ended options were given to get a deeper insight into the issue. The data is analyzed by simple arithmetic and percentage. The conclusion is based on the findings of the data. In order to seek the possibility of the use of social media in the language learning or literary upheaval in using social media, the researchers found out that students are inclined towards the use of social media and it is helpful in the academics and learning the second language in multiple ways. Keywords:Social Media, Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, academic purpose, Language learning
MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS IN HIV AND AIDS PATIENTS LIVING IN PAKISTAN: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS
Authors:   University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Hafeez Tahira , Mahmood Zahid ,   University of Management and Technology, Lahore
Published: January 2022

AIDS is still a burning issue in Pakistani culture, but it does not get much attention so does the mental health of PLHIVs and that is why there is no indigenous tool for the assessment of mental health problems. The present study aimed to explore mental health problems in HIV and AIDS Patients across four stages of the disease. The traditional method of scale development was adopted. The study took place in Lahore Pakistan; participants were recruited from an HIV treatment center. A list of 36 mental health problems was finalized and administered to 230 HIV-positive participants to establish the factorial structure of the scale. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, four factors (i) Anxiety, (ii) Paranoia, (iii) Elation, and (iv) Depression were identified and a scale consisted of 26 problems was finalized. The Cronbach Alpha for Mental Health Scale HIV/AIDS (α= .801) and GHQ-12 (α= .79) show strong internal consistency and concurrent validity of the scale. All four factors have a significant correlation. One week later test-retest reliability was r= 0.40** (*p < .01) that indicated the reliability of the scale. The scale is an indigenous disease-specific assessment tool that preliminary reflects on while living in Pakistan what kind of mental health problems are faced by PLHIVs across four stages of the disease. HIV= Human Immune Deficiency Virus, AIDS= Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, PLHIVs= People Living with HIV and AIDS, TG= Transgender, Gay= Men having sex with men. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, Mental Health Problems, Pakistan
THE IMPACT OF ONLINE LEARNING ON TEACHER-STUDENT TRUST AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL DURING PANDEMIC 2020
Authors:   Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Sahi Ammara Nasim , Bibi Tahira ,   Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Pakistan, Ali Irshad ,   National Defense University, Islamabad
Published: January 2022

Online learning is the only mean of teaching during the pandemic. This quantitative research covers causal-comparative aspects of changes in the trust level and explores the relationships between teachers and students during virtual learning at the university level. This study presents the findings, first in a descriptive manner, and then as an analytical tool, using the Community of Inquiry Framework (CoI) (Garrison, Anderson, and Archer 2000). The study's findings reveal a variety of factors and point to several indicators that can help teachers and students develop their relationships for greater success in online classrooms. On the one side pandemic hindered to go for survey physically but on the other side, it made it easy to get responses online through purposive sampling from 10 universities of the country using the Google form in limited time. Results of the study show that the trust level of students and teachers has decreased during online classes and it caused frustration, apprehensions and created a gap between students and teachers. Teachers need professional training to make online classes friendly and there should be some individual virtual meetings with students. Teachers need to be accessible on phone calls or zoom/skype/google at least during working hours. Keywords: Trust, Students, Teachers, Online classes, Covid-19, University
CHINA’S NUCLEAR POLICY: A REALISTIC ASSESSMENT
Authors:   Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Sadiq Muhammad
Published: January 2022

This research paper focuses on the development, management, and execution of nuclear policies and strategies in China. Chinese nuclear policy has always been a center of discussion for military officials and researchers worldwide. Considering its internal and external security situation and strategic perceptions, China has made some crucial adjustments in its nuclear deterrent to cope with future threats and maintain the diminutive stature among nuclear powers. The issue of Taiwan and ballistic missile defense systems(BMDs) of India and USA may raise China’s critical thinking in the coming future for which it must change its policy of No First Use (NFU) and must shift its nuclear intentions from narrow to limited nuclear deterrent posture. Due to changed cultural perspectives, China has its specific nuclear strategy that involves the minimum utility of nuclear weapons. Factors involved in the evolution of Chinese nuclear strategy are in line with technological modernization. However, China is not willing to leave adherence from its NFU policy. China possesses a limited capacity of nuclear experts, a comparatively lesser quantity of nuclear installations, and a relatively lower number of nuclear weapons because it mainly focuses on the “lean and effective” quality of its strategic nuclear approach. Keywords: Nuclear policy, strategic perceptions, China, security environment.
A SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLORATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS’ IMPLICATION FOR AGRICULTURAL ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES IN PUNJAB
Authors:   University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Mahmood Zia , Maan Ashfaq Ahmad ,   University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Khan Izhar Ahmad ,   University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
Published: January 2022

Agriculture plays vital role in economic growth, food security, employment generation and poverty alleviation. It contributes 19.2 percent to the GDP and provides employment to 38.5 % of labor force. More than 65% to 70 % of the population depends on agriculture for its’ livelihood. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current situation of climate change and its implications’ for agricultural adaptive strategies in Punjab. Three districts were selected randomly from the Central, North and south zone of the province by using multistage sampling technique. Qualitative information was collected through the key informant interviews from three selected districts namely Bahawalnagar, Chakwal and Faisalabad. An interview guide was used to collect the in-depth information from progressive farmers, agricultural officers, environmental officers and Ph.D. scholars. The farmers and experts were on the same page as the effects of climate change had been observed in the study area. On the basis of findings, it was concluded that climate change was accelerated by human interventions, and negative implications were observed in the form of decline in production and increase in the input cost of agricultural operation. Different agricultural adaptive strategies were used to cope with the issue of climate change. There were various behavioral and structural constraints in the process of adaptation to climate change. Key words: Climate Change, Adaptive strategies, Implications, Vulnerable, Food security, Production
THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON JOB SATISFACTION IN UNIVERSITIES OF PAKISTAN: A COMPETING VALUES FRAMEWORK PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Janjua Qaiser Rashid , Hanif Aamer ,   Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Baig Maliha ,   Bahria University Islamabad, Pakistan
Published: January 2022

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the causal relationship between organizational culture types and job satisfaction of teaching faculty in universities. For organizational culture, Competing Values Framework is employed which includes four distinct cultures i.e. adhocracy, hierarchy, clan and market. Data were obtained from 169 full time faculty members from twelve universities of capital city, and analyzed through multiple linear regression in SPSS. The results show that overall employees are indifferent towards job satisfaction. Clan culture is found to be a strong predictor of job satisfaction whereas adhocracy, market and adhocracy cultures were detested. It is suggested that the universities in Pakistan should foster a collaborative and team culture where cohesion, camaraderie and internal harmony is important rather than following a typical structure of command, control, authority, innovation and competition. The management should cultivate teamwork, promote trust and openness; improve employee development through hands-on coaching, feedback, learning and development, and offer a compassionate environment in order to improve employee job satisfaction. This research also discusses demerits of clan culture and offers suggestions. Limitations of this study and future directions for research are also discussed. Keywords: Organizational culture, Competing Values Framework, Job Satisfaction, Higher Education.
WATER DISPUTES IN SOUTH ASIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BANGLADESH AND PAKISTAN
Authors:   NUML University H-9, Islamabad, Abbasi Azhar Mahmood , .. Ayaz ,   NUML University H-9, Islamabad, Mahar Munawar Ali ,   NUML University H-9, Islamabad
Published: January 2022

The problem of improper water management and water resources is very common in developing countries and especially in South Asia. Three out of seven countries including Bangladesh, Nipal and Pakistan are involved in Water sharing conflicts with each other. This research paper highlights the water disputes and various water sharing treaties in South Asia especially in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan, with a comparative evaluation of past and future trends, followed by suggestions for a sustainable future cooperation. The paper will also have focused on the historical water conflicts of Indian state with the other South Asian countries especially with Pakistan and Bangladesh. The first part of the paper deals with water issues erupted between India and Pakistan such as Bagliar Dame water issue, Kishanganga water conflict, and Wullar Barrage etc and treaty signed to resolve the water disputes between these two states such as Indus Water Treaty. The second part of the paper highlight the water disputes between India and Bangladesh and also focuses on the Accord signed between the two states including the Teesta water Treaty, and Farraka agreement etc. At the end, the paper will provide the comparison of both Pakistan and Bangladesh’s water disputes with India. Key Words: Water disputes/Issues/Conflict, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Water Resources, Kishanganga, Wullar Barrage, Teesta, Farraka Accord/Treety, Indus water treaty.
GENESIS OF RADICALIZATION: A CASE STUDY OF ISLAMIYAT TEXTBOOKS IN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
Authors:   National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Kalhoro Javed Ali , Iqbal Muhammad Zubair ,   National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad
Published: January 2022

A high profile radicalization agenda in Pakistani schools and Islamic seminaries, across the country, has risen concerns within Pakistani society and for the world as well. Post 18th amendment in the constitution of Pakistan in April 2010, the education ministry dissolved to the provinces of Pakistan, with responsibilities to design their educational curriculums on their own. Since then, the four provinces of Pakistan have re-designed their curriculums and republishing textbooks as per their understandings. This article looks critically at one of the important and compulsory subjects; Islamiyat (Islamic Studies), arguing that the textbooks reassure the students towards a violent-radical mindset against the Kufar (non-believers). Such content in the textbooks also places its emphasis on the significance of Jihad (struggle) in the historical context of Islamic wars against the non-believers. The study brings quantitative and qualitative analysis, based on the Content Analysis application on the Islamiyat textbooks, mentioning the amount of positive and negative terms. The study also provides detailed denotations and connotations of the said terms to determine the outcome of the textbooks. The study suggests that the content in Islamiyat textbooks diverts the students from using education for fundamental social change to practice negative actions towards the Kufar. This study discovers that in the existing curriculum of Islamiyat, seemingly negative terms, such as Jihad has been presented as a physical war against the non-believers. The result also shows much emphasis on Mujahideen (Warriors of Islam) who lost their lives during wars against Kufar. Therefore, it concludes that presenting Islamiyat as the sole driver of radicalization among educated youth could result in a security threat to world peace. Keywords: Radicalization, Education, Pakistan, Jihad, non-believers, global security
THE DISCERNMENT OF SUBALTERNITY IN MAPS FOR LOST LOVERS BY NADEEM ASLAM
Authors:   University of Management & Technology, Ahsan Murad , Raza Maryam ,   University of the Punjab
Published: January 2022

The research paper aims to explore the theory of Subalternism by Gayatri Spivak in Maps for Lost Lovers by Nadeem Aslam. The objective of the research is to unravel the streaks of hybridity and alienation in second generations residing in the diaspora. The study is undertaken with the lens of subalternity to delineate identity exploration, cultural hybridity, and insights of immigrants who struggle within their fluidity of identity. The study fills the gap in research by unmasking cultural subalternity in Aslam’s novel which has not been critically studied in such a manner hitherto. It targets the multicultural society where immigrants face racial, stereotypical notions and internalize their individuality. Subalternity and Cultural Hybridity, with a specific focus on conservative fundamentals of naturalized hypocritical culture, is the tool for the research paper. The study highlights the significance of Post-Colonial literature, which manifests the dichotomy of a lack of identity for immigrants residing abroad as a minority & a simultaneous prevalence of roots. It is qualitative research with a specific focus on the grounded theory pattern. It is a non-inter disciplinary research. Keywords: Diaspora, Cultural Identity, Subalternity, Alienation, South Asian Literature, Post-Colonial Literature.
TEACHING BELIEFS AND PRACTICES OF TEACHER-EDUCATORS TEACHING IN B.ED. HONS. ELEMENTARY AT A PUBLIC SECTOR UNIVERSITY IN GILGIT CITY
Authors:   Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Angaiz Dil , Kanwal Shazia ,   Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Jan Salma ,   Karakoram International University, Gilgit
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research study was to examine the teaching beliefs and practices of teacher educators teaching in B.Ed. Hons regarding elementary program in a public sector university in Gilgit city. Within qualitative research, case study design was employed to conduct the research study. Ten teacher educators were selected from within a total population of seventeen teacher educators teaching in the B.Ed. Hons. Elementary program was selected through convenient sampling technique. Research tools included descriptive interview questionnaire, and document analysis. Findings of the study revealed that teachers seemed to believe in variety of teaching strategies and emphasized on giving feedback to students along with other formative and summative assessment strategies. Findings indicated effect of teacher preparation programs in changing teachers' beliefs and practices. However, there appears to be inconsistency in teachers' beliefs and practices. Future research should explore the variation between beliefs and practices. Key Terms: Pedagogical beliefs and practices, Teacher educators, Elementary programs, Public university, Teaching learning
HOW PATERNALISTIC LEADERSHIP ENHANCES PERFORMANCE? EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF AFFECTIVE WELLBEING
Authors:   National Defence University, Islamabad, Khan Muhammad Ilyas , Rehman Muhammad Zia-ur- ,   National Defence University, Islamabad
Published: January 2022

The focus of the article is to investigate the impact of paternalistic leadership performance of middle level managerial employees specifically of universities. For this purpose, we conducted cross sectional and correlational study on middle level managers of different universities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi region. The study population is comprised of 269 randomly selected respondents from different universities. Questionnaires include open ended and close ended questions. That was developed based on existing literature regarding employee performance and Job-related Affective Wellbeing. Employees’ performance was measured on task performance and contextual performance. After analysis, results indicate that Paternalistic leadership maintains a significant relationship with employees’ performance and paternalistic leadership is also significantly related with job related affective wellbeing. Furthermore, correlation results show that all the three variables have positive and significant association with each other. It is evident that job related affective wellbeing does moderate the relationship amongst paternalistic leadership and employees’ performance. At the end the study provides specific gaps for future research. Keywords: paternalistic leadership, employees’ performance, JAW, universities