bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal conductivity of oak impregnated with some chemicals and finished
Authors: Şahin Kol Hamiyet , Uysal Burhanettin , Kurt Şeref , Ozcan Cemal
Published: July 2023

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of some impregnation materials and varnishes on the thermal conductivity of oak wood. Ammonium sulfate, borax, boric acid, zinc chloride, diammonium phosphate, and sodium silicate as impregnation chemicals and polyurethane, cellulosic, synthetic, coloured varnishes and cellulosic, synthetic, industrial paints as finishes were used. The wood materials were impregnated by using the vacuum-pressure method. The thermal conductivity test was performed based on the ASTM C 1113-99 hot-wire method. Results showed that the impregnation chemicals increased the thermal conductivity. The highest values were obtained with boric acid and sodium silicate. In addition, the thermal conductivity of painted oak was higher than that of varnished oak. The lowest thermal conductivity of 0.1465 Kcal/mh°C was obtained with the oak control. The highest thermal conductivity of 0.1756 Kcal/mh°C was obtained when oak was painted with industrial paint and impregnated with boric acid.
Analysis of the chemical composition and morphological structure of banana pseudo-stem
Authors: Li Kun , Fu Shiyu , Zhan Huaiyu , Zhan Yao , Lucia Lucian A.
Published: July 2023

An analysis of the chemical composition and anatomical structure of banana pseudo-stem was carried out using Light Microscopy (LM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). The chemical analysis indicated there is a high holocellulose content and low lignin content in banana pseudo-stem compared with some other non-wood fiber resources. These results demonstrate that the banana pseudo-stem has potential value for pulping. In addition, we report for the first time from using LM and CLSM that banana stems possess a structure involving helicoidal fibers separated by barrier films.
Induction of enzyme cocktails by low cost carbon sources for production of monosaccharide-rich syrups from plant materials
Authors: Gilleran Caroline T. , Hernon Alan T. , Murray Patrick G. , Tuohy Maria G.
Published: July 2023

The production of cellulases, hemicellulases, and starch-degrading enzymes by the thermophilic aerobic fungus Talaromyces emersonii under liquid state culture on various food wastes was investigated. A comprehensive enzyme screening was conducted, which resulted in the identification of spent tea leaves as a potential substrate for hydrolytic enzyme production. The potent, polysaccharide-degrading enzyme-rich cocktail produced when tea leaves were utilised as sole carbon source was analysed at a protein and mRNA level and shown to exhibit high level production of key cellulose and hemicellulose degrading enzymes. As presented in this paper, the crude enzyme preparation produced after 120 h growth of Talaromyces emersonii on used tea leaves is capable of hydrolysing other lignocellulosic materials into their component monosaccharides, generating high value sugar syrups with a host of industrial applications including conversion to fuels and chemicals.
Biosorption of Cr(VI) from synthetic wastewater using the fruit shell of gulmohar (Delonix regia): Application to electroplating wastewater
Authors: Prasad Attimodde Girirajanna Devi , Abdullah Mohammed Abdulsalam
Published: July 2023

The biosorption of Cr(VI) from synthetic solutions and electroplating wastewater using the fruit shell of gulmohar has been investigated in a batch system. The effects of various parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration of Cr(VI) on the biosorption process were studied. The complete removal of Cr(VI) was observed at pH < 3.0. Studies indicated that both biosorption and bioreduction were involved in the removal of Cr(VI). The sorption equilibrium exhibited a better fit to the Langmuir isotherm than the Freundlich isotherm. The maximum biosorption capacity of fruit shell of gulmohar to remove Cr(VI) was 12.28 mg/g. A kinetic model of pseudo-second order provided a good description of the experimental data as compared to a pseudo-first order kinetic model. The sorption rate was found to be dependent on the initial concentration of Cr(VI) and biomaterials dosage. The study showed that the abundant and inexpensive fruit shell of gulmohar biosorbent has a potential application in the removal of Cr(VI) from electroplating wastewater and its conversion into less or non-toxic Cr (III).
Chlorine dioxide bleaching of soda-anthraquinone jute pulp to a very high brightness
Authors: Jahan M. Sarwar , Ni Yonghao , He Zhibin
Published: July 2023

Bleaching of soda-anthraquinone jute pulp by chlorine dioxide (ClO2) was studied to reach a target brightness of above 88% for the purpose of using less bleaching chemicals. The performance of either chlorine dioxide or peroxide in the final bleaching to boost brightness was also studied. The experimental results revealed that the final brightness depended on ClO2 charge in the Do and D1 stages. The brightness reversion was lower when the final stage brightening was done by peroxide. The use of Mg(OH)2 in the D1 and D2 stages improved the final brightness due to the formation of less chlorate and chlorite during the Mg(OH)2- based ClO2 brightening stages. The strength properties of pulp bleached by peroxide in the final stage was slightly better than that from ClO2 as the final ClO2 bleaching stage.
Phase transformations in regenerated microcyrstalline cellulose following dissolution by an ionic liquid
Authors: Shakeri Alireza , Staiger Mark P.
Published: July 2023

Phase transformations in microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were studied following dissolution of 5, 10, and 20 wt. % MCC in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium formate (BMIMFmO) and regeneration via water. BMIMFmO was found to be useful as a non-derivatizing solvent for cellulose without the need for any pre-treatment. Wide angle X-ray scattering indicated that a phase transformation from cellulose I to either a poorly crystalline form of cellulose I and/or cellulose II occurs during regeneration after dissolution in BMIMFmO. The dissolution time affected the resulting microstructure of the regenerated cellulose. Thermogravi-metric analysis showed that regeneration from the ionic liquid lowers the decomposition onset temperature and increases the char yield when compared with the as-received MCC.
Awareness about obesity among the mother of young child in urban area of Dhaka city, Bangladesh
Authors: Or-Rashid Mohd Harun- , Mohiuddin Abul Hasnat , Ar-Rashid Md Harun-
Published: July 2023

Obesity as a condition in which excessive accumulation of fat in the adipose tissues has taken place. It arises when the intake of food is in excess of physiological needs. Obesity now considered as a “killer lifestyle” disease is an important cause of preventable death worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, 1.2 billion people worldwide are officially classified as, overweight. This is probably the most sedentary generation of people in the history of the world. To assess Awareness about obesity among the mother of young child in urban area of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Cross sectional research with 105 participants among the target population of this study were mothers enthusiastically grace with presence in Dhaka City of Bangladesh. Data were numerically coded and captured in Excel 2007, using an SPSS 22.0 version. The study found that mean age of the participant was 3.70 (1.365) years and most of the participants were above 4 years. The youngest participants in this study were 1 year old and oldest participants were 5 years old. Obesity may induce the Musculo-skeletal problem obesity showed that strongly Agree participants were highest rate that was 51.4% (n=54) and strongly agree participants were rate that was 48.6% (n=51). Overall, parents showed a good awareness on nutrition and obesity. Unfortunately, such a good awareness was found insufficient to make them recognize the overweight problem in their children. There is a need for the improvement of the methods and content of nutritional educational packages as well as efforts to improve parents’ recognition of their child weight status.
Tipo de fertilización y edad de rebrote sobre parámetros ruminales de Tithonia diversifolia
Authors: Arias-Gamboa Luis Mauricio , López-Herrera Michael , Castillo-Umaña Miguel , Alpízar-Naranjo Andrés
Published: July 2023

Introducción. Los forrajes en el trópico presentan una baja digestibilidad, por lo que se buscan alternativas alimenticias como la Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) para aumentar la calidad de la dieta ofrecida. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del tipo de fertilizante y la edad de rebrote del forraje de Tithonia diversifolia sobre los parámetros ruminales. Materiales y métodos. El trabajo se realizó en el año 2020 en la Finca Experimental Santa Lucía de la Universidad Nacional Costa Rica. Se utilizó un diseño de parcelas divididas completamente al azar: tipo de fertilizante (parcela) y edad de rebrote (subparcela) con tres repeticiones por tratamiento. Los tipos de fertilizante fueron: lombricompost (L), químico (Q) y un control (C) sin uso de fertilizante. Las edades de rebrote evaluadas fueron 30, 50 y 70 días para un total de nueve tratamientos. Las variables evaluadas fueron: cinética de degradabilidad in situ de la materia seca (DISMS), pH, nitrógeno amoniacal (NH3), producción de gas y metano in vitro (CH4). Se realizó un ANOVA para parcelas divididas. Resultados. La mayor DISMS se encontró en C30 (92,84 %) y menor en Q70 (64,21 %). El tipo de fertilización influyó sobre los contenidos de NH3 presentó el valor más alto en los tratamientos con fertilización química (275,88 mg NH3/L fluido ruminal). C70 produjo la mayor cantidad de gas (79,59 mL/g), en contraste con Q30 que fue el de menor promedio (28,38 mL/g). La producción de CH4 no mostró diferencias significativas, con valores entre 3,42-8,67 mL CH4/g MS. Conclusión. La fertilización y edad de rebrote modificaron los parámetros ruminales in situ e in vitro. Los resultados obtenidos permiten considerar este recurso forrajero como un complemento de las gramíneas de pastoreo en el trópico, donde se generen efectos positivos sobre la digestibilidad de la MS, la producción de gas y de CH4.
Factores que afectan la calidad del ensilaje de pasto Kikuyo (Cenchrus clandestinus)
Authors: Avellaneda-Avellaneda Yesid , Castillo-Sierra Javier , Mancipe-Muñoz Edgar A. , Vargas-Martínez Juan de J
Published: July 2023

Introducción. La oferta de ensilaje de pasto Kikuyo permite reducir la estacionalidad de la producción láctea, pero es necesario evaluar los factores que afectan el proceso de ensilado para mantener una calidad similar a la del forraje fresco. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la edad de rebrote, el tamaño del picado, el tiempo de oreo con el uso de aditivos sobre la calidad del ensilaje de pasto Kikuyo. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en Mosquera, Colombia, durante el 2020. Se evaluó el efecto de la edad de rebrote (28, 42 y 70 días), el tamaño de picado (1,5 cm, 3,0 cm y planta completa), tiempo de oreo (0 y 6 h) y uso de aditivos (glicerina cruda y bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL)) sobre la composición química, digestibilidad in situ de la materia seca (DISMS), dinámica del pH, perfil de ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV’s), pérdidas de materia seca y calidad organoléptica. La información se analizó como un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial. Resultados. El uso de pasto Kikuyo de 70 días de rebrote redujo (p<0,05) la proteína cruda, la digestibilidad y la energía, y aumentó la pared celular y la materia seca (MS) del ensilaje. La utilización de aditivos redujo (p<0,05) el pH final del pasto maduro. El picado pequeño o la inclusión de glicerina cruda en la planta completa incrementaron (p<0,05) la DISMS. El uso de aditivos redujo (p<0,05) el pH final del ensilaje elaborado con la planta completa. El oreo previo al empaque incrementó (p<0,05) la MS, pero redujo (p<0,05) la proteína cruda (PC) y ácido láctico e incrementó (p<0,05) el pH final. Conclusión. El uso de forrajes tiernos, el picado pequeño y el embolsado en fresco mejoraron la calidad del ensilaje de pasto Kikuyo. El uso de forrajes maduros requiere la aplicación de aditivos.
Deforestation increases the abundance of rodents and their ectoparasites in the Lacandon forest, Southern Mexico
Authors: Barriga-Carbajal María Lourdes , Vargas-Sandoval Margarita , Mendoza Eduardo
Published: July 2023

Introduction: An important ecosystem service tropical forests provide is disease control. However, few studies have focused on analyzing how species more suitable to be zoonotic vectors are affected by deforestation. Objective: We evaluated how deforestation affects the abundance and species richness of rodents and their associated ectoparasites in Marques de Comillas, Chiapas, Southern Mexico. Methods: We captured rodents in 6 landscape units (LU), 1 km² each, with different percentages of tree cover (0.7, 5, 40, 46, 78, and 95 %). In each LU we set 90 Sherman traps that remained active 24 hours for 7 days during two sampling seasons in October 2019, and September 2020. All the captured rodents were checked for ectoparasites in their fur, which were collected to be identified at the lab. Results: We captured 70 rodents of five species: Sigmodon toltecus, Heteromys desmarestianus, Ototylomys phyllotis, Peromyscus mexicanus, and Oryzomys couesi. Rodent abundance increased with forest loss (R² = 0.706, P = 0.022). The greatest richness of rodent species occurred in sites with intermediate forest cover (40 % and 78 %). The most abundant species were S. toltecus (N = 45) followed by O. couesi (N = 9), these species dominated in sites with less forest cover. We recorded a total of 23 different ectoparasites, from these we identified 15 at the species level and eight at the genus level. We detected three species of ectoparasites (Amblyomma sp., Ornithonyssus bacoti, and Androlaelaps fahrenholzi) known to be vectors of zoonotic diseases. Conclusions: We found that the ongoing loss of forests promotes the proliferation of zoonotic disease vectors, which can potentially increase the frequency of affectation among the local population.
Efectos de la estabilidad ambiental y estructura del ficoperifiton en la comunidad de macroinvertebrados en ríos andinos regulados
Authors: Ríos Pulgarín Maria Isabel , Henao-Lopera Valeria , Henao-Henao María Andrea , Gil-Guarín Isabel Cristina
Published: July 2023

Introducción: La variabilidad en la estructura de las comunidades acuáticas se atribuye frecuentemente a cambios ambientales, no obstante, en ambientes estables como ríos regulados, las interacciones tróficas podrían ser otro factor ambiental clave determinante de la estructura de estas comunidades. Estas alteraciones podrían provocar un mayor crecimiento de algas y, a su vez, cambios en los grupos funcionales y en la composición de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados favoreciendo la dominancia de determinados grupos de organismos. Objetivo: Identificar el efecto de los cambios ambientales y de la estructura del ficoperifiton sobre la comunidad de macroinvertebrados de ríos Andinos regulados. Métodos: Se analizaron datos ambientales y biológicos recolectados en muestreos trimestrales realizados entre 2010 y 2018 en dos ríos de los Andes Centrales (Antioquia - Colombia), para un total de 27 muestras. La recolección de muestras empleó métodos estandarizados. Se utilizaron diferentes modelos estadísticos para establecer patrones espaciales y temporales de las variables ambientales, de la abundancia y/o densidad y diversidad de ficoperifiton y de los macroinvertebrados, así como las relaciones tróficas que existen entre ellos. Resultados: Se encontró que los ríos regulados presentan relativamente poca variabilidad ambiental. Los parámetros ambientales con mayor variación fueron: temperatura, turbidez y ortofosfatos; las dos últimas variables abióticas fueron las que más aportaron a la inestabilidad bentónica. Conclusión: La presencia de macroinvertebrados raspadores y recolectores fue más afectada por la estabilidad de la densidad del ficoperifiton que por las variables ambientales, evidenciando la importancia de las interacciones tróficas en ríos regulados y el control bottoom up en estos ecosistemas.
Flotas de pesca extranjeras en el Pacífico costarricense y su traslape con áreas protegidas oceánicas, el ordenamiento pesquero y el Domo Térmico
Authors: Cubero-Pardo Priscilla , Castro-Azofeifa César , Chavarría-Chaves Juan B. , Vargas-Bolaños Christian , Corrales-Garro Francini
Published: July 2023

Introducción: Hasta hoy, no ha sido analizado el esfuerzo pesquero por parte de flotas extranjeras en el Pacífico de Costa Rica. Objetivo: Determinar la distribución espacial de su esfuerzo pesquero, variables que moldean esa distribución, y si esas flotas interactúan con figuras de manejo y ecosistemas altamente frágiles. Métodos: A partir de datos de esfuerzo pesquero de 2012 a 2020, obtenidos de Global Fishing Watch, fue calculado un Índice de Esfuerzo Pesquero (IEP) sobre el cual fue aplicada estadística geoespacial y multivariada, así como modelos de regresión múltiple. Fue utilizada una cuadrícula con 55 905 celdas de 0.10 grados, para aplicar Análisis de Puntos Calientes, y otra cuadrícula con 24 176 unidades de análisis celdas-año-mes de 0.25 grados, para aplicar un Modelo de Regresión Lineal. Resultados: Los datos revelan la actividad pesquera de las flotas internacionales asociadas a cuatro tipos de artes de pesca, así como una amplia cobertura de alto IEP por parte de dos flotas a lo largo de los nueve años analizados. El IEP se asocia principalmente con la ubicación y varía según el mes y el año. También hay evidencia relativa de que está influenciado por la concentración de oxígeno y nitratos. Conclusiones: Las flotas internacionales entran en conflicto directo con zonas oficialmente delimitadas para las flotas nacionales e irrespetan las áreas oceánicas protegidas y una zona no pesquera declarada para proteger los recursos marinos en el Pacífico costarricense. Sus actividades en el Domo pueden afectar la pesquería de atún aleta amarilla.
Illusions of Inclusion
Authors: Nissen James
Published: July 2023

In recent years, the issue of gender inequality in music festival lineups has become a major topic of discussion in the industry. In response, some festival organizers have implemented quotas or other regulative policies in an attempt to produce gender balanced lineups. However, by distinguishing between “hard” and “soft” gender balance, I argue that organizers often employ a “soft” definition which masks prevailing gender disparities and I propose that a “hard” approach which encompasses a more fine-grained analysis of the gender dynamics of festival programming should instead be adopted. Using the WOMAD Festival as a case study, I demonstrate the benefits of a “hard” approach for scrutinizing the gender composition of festival lineups and interrogating the claims of progress made by organizers. I also discuss WOMAD’s strategies for fostering greater gender balance, which may offer other festival organizers some valuable starting points for addressing gender inequalities in their own lineups.
It’s All About “Being There”
Authors: Bermúdez Juan
Published: July 2023

Ethnomusicologists often move into the field to observe, analyse, and describe the knowledge creation and negotiation practices of a musical tradition. However, the scenarios caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have proven to be a challenge to the practice of our ethnographic work. We were prevented from going to the field and musicians could not meet physically to develop their musicking, partially transferring their practices to various digital platforms. Although the pandemic confronts us with previously unthinkable challenges, some of these situations are not new if we think about musical practices like those of TikTok. Beyond the time of the pandemic, these practices have already shown to be a challenge for various theoretical and methodological conceptions of our ethnographic work, since they do not materialize in concrete practices in a given place. In this article, drawing on my ethnographic research on TikTok musicking from an Austrian perspective, as well as my reflections as an ethnomusicologist during the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, I will discuss the idea of musical geography through practice, as well as the concepts of presence and co-presence, to critically reflect on the ideas of “being there” or “being present”, so important in ethnographic work. In addition to these reflections, I will examine and discuss various experiences lived throughout the musicking of TikTok under a multimedia reality before and during the pandemic, in order to discuss the idea that musical geography through practice can change our perspectives on the field pre- and post-pandemic.
Management of the Development of Social Capital of Organizations of the Military-Industrial Complex as a Sociological Problem
Authors:   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Zakharova Lyudmila , Saralieva Zaretkhan ,   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Saygina Elena ,   National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod
Published: July 2023

The results of the theoretical analysis of the problem of the development of the social capital of the organizations of the military-industrial complex (MIC) in modern geopolitical and economic conditions are presented. The purpose of the article is to analyze the phenomenon of "social capital" and determine the possibilities for managing it in MIC. Based on the material of foreign and domestic classical and modern publications, it is shown that the concept of social capital is debatable, requiring conceptualization. Thus, there is no consensus among researchers on the possibility of classifying this phenomenon as "capital", the mechanisms of its transformation into other types of capital have been outlined, but not investigated, its specifics have not been studied in companies of the MIC, there is practically no definition of the concept of "corporate social capital" for holding structures. Representing a specific sector of the economy, which is designed to meet the defense and military needs of the state, the MIC has a number of key features. The authors have identified and described five such features that have a significant impact on the formation of the social capital of companies in the MIC. The determining factors are, on the one hand, the building of complex information and social corporate chains between companies of the MIC and their counterparties, business communication in which is based on compliance with the principles of trust, honesty and ethics, on the other – the need to form internal corporate relations, general norms of organizational behavior, value priorities in the holding organization of production in compliance with secrecy, both in the internal and external contour of companies. In the situation of accelerating innovative development, in the current economic and political situation, these features generate contradictions in the development of the social capital of companies. Nine contradictions defining the sociological problems of the study of social capital in the companies of the MIC are formulated. The necessity of disclosing the systemic organization of social capital for companies of the MIC and the managerial approach to removing the main contradictions, the key characteristics of which are consistency and proactivity, are substantiated.
The Influence of External and Internal Factors on the Formation of Self-Preservation Behavior of Older People (Regional Aspect)
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Leshchenko Lyubov
Published: July 2023

Health has been one of the components of vertical social mobility since ancient times; it also contributes to the preservation of human life in front of the "forces of nature". On the territory of the Russian Federation, annual monitoring is carried out to assess the standard of living in the regions of the country, which takes into account not only economic, political indicators, but also social, including the health of the population. It should be noted that in the process of life, the health of an individual is influenced not only by the socioeconomic, environmental situation in a particular region of the country, but also by the actions performed by the individual in relation to health, which may be aimed at its preservation or at its deterioration. Within the framework of sociological thought, "self-preservation behavior" refers to the actions of individuals or social groups aimed at prolonging and preserving longevity. Taking into account the socio-economic transformations (pension reform (2019), the epidemiological situation caused by COVID-19 (2020) that occurred in Russian society, the author of the article formulated the task of analyzing the influence of internal and external factors on the self-preservation behavior of older people. To solve this problem, the author conducted a sociological study using the methods of questionnaires and in-depth interviews, consisting of two stages (stage 1 (from 2016 to 2017), n = 500 people, of which 38.2% are men, 61.8% are women, stage 2 (from November 2020 to March 2021), n = 400 people, of which 33% are men, 67% are women. Both studies used a multi-stage sampling (the first stage included the method of quoting respondents by gender and age, the second stage of the survey used the method of the available case). As a result, it was revealed that older people in the process of preserving and maintaining longevity listen to family members and doctors' prescriptions. According to the results of the questionnaire survey, it was revealed that older people often spend their free time watching TV, but at the same time, the level of trust in the information provided in television broadcasts regarding health is low among older people.
Representation of the Christian Theological Norm in Cinematography
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Javorskiy Dmitriy , Avramov Vladimir ,   Volgograd State University
Published: July 2023

The article discusses ways of representing the normative provisions of Christian theology in modern cinema. It is shown that the use of cinematic language for the symbolic display of church dogma does not contradict the Christian tradition, the entire history of which is filled with the search for symbolic means of expressing the gospel kerygma and church dogma. The historically established dominance of philosophical means of representing church dogmas prevents us from seeing this. However, it is hard not to notice that fine and performing arts (of course, in the archaic and medieval sense of them) have always played a significant role in the religious life of Christians. The advent of cinema gave Christian thinkers and artists additional means to interpret theological norms. It should be noted at the same time that the influence of Christian meanings on European culture is so great that the authors of a number of cinematic masterpieces do not necessarily broadcast these meanings intentionally. The review of foreign and domestic cinematography reveals the main themes of Christian teaching, which filmmakers most often turn to: providenciology, soteriology, Christology, and triadology. At the same time, the genre range of Christian and crypto-Christian cinema is quite wide, ranging from realistic dramas to fantasy films. Scriptwriters and directors show extraordinary ingenuity in visualizing the supersensible: divine providence, the co-presence of the divine and human natures in the Person of the Savior, and the Persons of the Divine Trinity. Although it must be admitted that not always their artistic interpretations remain within the framework of the dogmatic norm, it is important to note that the secrets of the success of many cinematic techniques are contained in the practice of church art, in particular in the canonical Orthodox iconography.
Medical Discourse in Social Movies as a Means of Broadcasting the Normativity
Authors:   Saratov State University, Artamonov Denis , Grishechkina Natalia ,   Saratov State Medical University
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration of medical topics in social movies, which means film production as an instrument for the formation of social norms and models of behavior in society. Relying on the Entertainment-Educational (E-E) approach in the study of mass media, authors consider the impact of films and medical series on increasing public interest in health care problems, the formation of professional medical communities and the dissemination of knowledge in the field of medicine. According to the socio-cognitive theory of A. Bandura, a person is able to learn by observing and imitating actions broadcast on television. Starting from this situation, the authors analyzed the educational potential of social movies, using the phenomenon of the series "Simply Maria", "Happy Days", "Hum Log", "House M.D.", etc. The article provides examples of the worldview attitudes and strategies of behavior formation in relation to their health through the use in cinema of plots and scenes that demonstrate the work of doctors and talk about medical problems. Social films with medical topics contributed to a change in the attitude of society towards the elderly and people with special needs, considered outsiders in society, radically influenced the perception of HIV-infected people and played an important role in popularizing donation and solving the problems associated with the growth of cardiovascular diseases. Medical cinema and TV shows are not only case in social cinema, that determined the norms of human behavior in a modern society immersed in the media environment, but it performs an educational rule-making function in the development of health care and a healthy lifestyle.
Country Folk in Russia: Specific of Social Integration
Authors:   Institute for Demographic Research – Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Volkova Olga , Besschetnova Oksana ,   Russian Biotechnological University, Bobkova Elena ,   Pridnestrovian State University
Published: July 2023

The article presents the analysis of social integration factors of the country folk, living in four rural areas in Belgorod region (Russia). The study had two stages and included quantitative as well as qualitative research methods: first of all, the survey (n = 715) of country people aged 18–70 in order to explore the specific features of their social integration process; secondly, the expert survey (n = 23) devoted to study the activities of main social agents, managing regional social policy and including government and non-government organizations. As a result, the main factors, influencing the effectiveness of social integration of the country folk have been identified: 1) the maintenance of traditions and an active participation in rural community's life; 2) the infrastructure's development and the transportation accessibility; 3) the economy's type; 4) the type of settlement (town, village); 5) the degree of trust in local authorities and the assessment of local social services' activities. It is essential to take into account that the current processes of social integration of the country people, on the one hand, are due to the consequences of urbanization as a world trend and, on the other hand, it is due to the influence of a new, reverse process of de-urbanization. The results of the study conclude that current state social policy should be more effective to bridge the gap between the social conditions of people living in cities and rural areas, especially with regard to the access to education, health and social services, transportation, employment, etc. The improvement of quality of life of villagers allows to revive the most of rural settlements and attract youth to village.
Improving the Competitiveness of Education in Russia at the International Level
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Ebzeeva Yulia , Gishkaeva Luisa ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia
Published: July 2023

This article provides an analysis of the factors affecting the competitiveness of domestic higher education: the positioning of Russian universities in international rankings, the degree of digitalization of education and science in the Russian Federation, as well as the export potential of Russian education. The first part presents the data of the analysis of higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation by the most popular international rating agencies, shows the methods and principles for calculating key indicators for each of the ratings. The higher places in international rankings show popularity and prestige of not only a particular university, but also the market of educational services in the country in general. The export of education is an important factor contributing to the increase of global competitiveness. The second part of the work describes government programs that help increase the export of domestic education by promoting Russian universities among foreign applicants, and also presents an action plan to increase the export of higher education in Russia. The degree of digitalization of higher education is shown as a determining factor, the importance of the digital transformation of domestic education, as well as the benefits of distance learning, is established. The federal program "Strategy for the Digital Transformation of Science and Higher Education", developed in 2021 by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation with the aim of achieving "digital maturity" in the field of education, is analyzed. A consistent review of projects developed in the field of education, as well as data from rating agencies, made it possible to determine the main directions for increasing the competitiveness of domestic higher education, to describe strategies and activities that contribute to the prompt achievement of all goals.
Sexual Debut in the Context of Age Transitions of Young Disabled People
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Detochenko Ludmila
Published: July 2023

Youth as a stage of a person's life path is the most intense period in terms of age transitions. Despite the presence of many transitions, most researchers identify several basic age transitions. The current stage of development of society is characterized by the complication, lengthening, increasing variability and risks of liminality (incompleteness) of age transitions. For some categories of the population, the complexity and risks of transition processes are higher. The variety of transitions, the variability of their implementation strategies and individual determinants do not eliminate the possibility of identifying common patterns in their implementation and specifics for each specific group. An urgent task for sociology is to study the general patterns and specifics of age transitions of youth with disabilities. This article reveals the general patterns of one of the age transitions – the acquisition of the first intimate experience. Sexual debut is important for young people, determining the success of solving age-related tasks. The social consequences of disability can add additional context to this process. The results of the study allowed us to conclude that there is a negative impact of the status of a disabled person on the nature and success of sexual debut: the risks of liminality are higher, the stretching of the transition, the presence of objective and subjective barriers. The risks of liminality differ depending on the nature of the nosology. The optimal age of sexual debut (18– 24 years) has no significant gender, nosological, territorial differences. The real age of sexual debut is prolonged both towards adolescence and towards the age of maturity. The risks of liminality increase after 24 years. Gender differences allow us to talk about an earlier age of sexual debut in young men, clearer and less stretched boundaries of experience acquisition in girls. The risks of liminality in young men are higher, the subjective perception of disability as a barrier to transition is also higher. Rural residents have lower chances of success in acquiring sexual experience, the age of sexual debut is less, but the stretching of the age limits of its acquisition is significant.
Plato and the Universality of Dignity
Authors:   Uniwersytet Humanistycznospołeczny SWPS, Piechowiak Marek
Published: July 2023

An important argument in favour of recognising the cultural relativism and against universality of dignity and human rights, is the claim that the concept of dignity is a genuinely modern one. An analysis of a passage from the Demiurge’s speech in Timaeus reveals that Plato devoted time to reflecting on the question of what determines the qualitative difference between certain beings (gods and human being) and the world of things, and what forms the basis for the special treatment of these beings – issues that using the language of today can be described reasonably as dignity. The attributes of this form of dignity seem to overlap with the nature of dignity as we know it today. Moreover, Plato proposes a response both to the question of what dignity is like, as well as the question of what dignity is. It is existential perfection, rooted in a perfect manner of existence, based on a specific internal unity of being. Dignity is therefore primordial in regard to particular features and independent of their acquisition or loss. Plato’s approach allows him to postulate that people be treated as ends in themselves; an approach therefore that prohibits the treatment of people as objects. Both the state and law are ultimately subordinated to the good of the individual, rather than the individual to the good of the state.
Prawnokarna ochrona wolności w wybranych państwach europejskich w ujęciu porównawczym, cz. I.
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Kulik Marek
Published: July 2023

The article is to discuss models of accountability for crimes against freedom in selected European countries in the continental system of criminal law. In turn discussed the system of offenses against freedom and then crimes of illegal deprivation of freedom, human trafficking, threat, stalking and impersonation, coercion, taking the image of a naked person, medical treatment without consent and violation of domestic peace in different countries. The whole discussion is an attempt to extract the model solutions.
Przestępstwa z ustawy prawo prasowe
Authors:   SWPS Uniwersytet Humanistycznospołeczny, Sobczak Jacek
Published: July 2023

This article analyzes the penal provisions of the press law when considering the issue of responsibility for the publication of press material. It presents the cases of the notification of the violation of press law, joint and several responsibility of the press, contratyp of press criticism, satire, cartoons and press reports, the limitation of liability of the press, the question of exerting pressure on journalists and on press criticism, press publishing without registration, avoiding the publication of official announcements and arrest warrants, distribute materials of the case, a crime of an admission to the publication, as well as some questions relating to the proceedings for violation of press law.
Niedoceniona Komisja Narodów Zjednoczonych
Authors:   Uniw. Humanistycznospołeczny SWPS, Grzeloński Bogdan
Published: July 2023

The article presents, based on the archival materials, the major events that led to the creation of the United Nations War Crimes Commission (UNWCC). The author points out that the development of the international criminal law, which was in its initial stage until 1939, was the work of some outstanding laweyers. The acomplishments of the UNWCC have enabled the establishment of the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg and Tokyo and carrying out the trials against war criminals.
Charakter prawny testamentu na rzecz kościołów lub dzieł pobożnych
Authors:   Uniwersytet Humanistycznospołeczny SWPS w Warszawie, Kursa Sławomir
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this article is to show the nature and legal requirements of the will for the benefit of churches or pious works. The conclusion reached in these considerations is that post-classical roman law, although it did not recognize the legal personality of the Catholic Church, guaranteed the particular ecclesial communities and pious works run by the Church wide access to material goods, by way of testamentary universal succession, as well as testamentary succession under particular title. This was made possible through the recognition of ecclesial communities and charities as legal entities having testamenti factio passiva by Roman law. Wills benefiting churches or pious works necessitated, for their validity, abiding by all of the formal requirements for making a declaration of intent, in particular the presence of seven witnesses, regardless of whether the declaration was oral or written. As such, wills benefitting churches or pious works were not considered under Roman law to be privileged in form. It was Pope Alexander III who first challenged the requirement of the presence of seven witnesses. Since then, canon law treated wills for the benefit of churches or pious works as a privileged kind of will, whose validity required the presence of only two witnesses. Thus, this type of will was an institution present in both legal orders, but only received its privileged nature in medieval canon law.
Przyczynek do badań nad genezą i rozwojem odpowiedzialności dyscyplinarnej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Humanistycznospołeczny SWPS, Jóźwiak Piotr
Published: July 2023

The article is the issue of disciplinary responsibility in a historical perspective. This issue was already developed earlier by Professor Zbigniew Leoński in his book concerning disciplinary responsibility from 1959. So this article is merely a komplement of these findings taking into account the earliest times (antiquity) and the latest (second half of the twentieth century) which professor Z. Leoński did not include or could not have included in his study. In the remaining field the most important findings of professor Z. Leoński were appointed.
Utworzenie uczelni niepublicznej w prawie o szkolnictwie wyższym
Authors:   Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego, Kwiecień-Miland Monika
Published: July 2023

This article discusses the legal basis and the process of the establishment of non – public higher education institution when the founder decides to apply for a permission to establish non-public higher education institution, granted by the Minister of Science and Higher Education. Fundamental obligations of the founder have been presented together with conditions and consequences of enrollment in the registry of non-public higher education institutions. A substantive assessment of the abovementioned process was made in order to answer, if any legal and practical problems can be faced on during the process of establishing non-public higher education institution.
Zniesławienie na Facebooku
Authors:   Uniwersytet Humanistycznospołeczny SWPS w Warszawie, Wełyczko Sylwia
Published: July 2023

The article examines the mechanisms of defamation in the internet space, social media and Facebook in particular. Human dignity is protected both as a constitutional value and as an individual right, though in everyday practice law-enforcement bodies usually tend to be unwilling to react to violations of human dignity, while appropriate legal provisions are often not in place to be implemented. Actions taken by the police in investigating appropriate cases do not always manage to identify perpetrators or bring them to justice. Most internet or cyber crime occurs across international borders and can be committed anonymously. There are certain types of defamatory statements that are considered to harm the reputation of the victim. Libel in the internet involves cyberbullying, online harassment, cyber-stalking, and, most of all, internet trolls. Trolling is any deliberate and intentional attempt to disrupt the credibility of others, often involving petty arguments. People tend to lose control of their emotions when they go online. An explosion of raw and unbridled emotions follows, standards wane, and eventually some internet users lose their touch with reality. Cyber violence and online harassment are punishable crimes and are subject to criminal prosecution: defamation, libel and online threats. Stalking and vulgar language in public places are offences subject to public prosecution and the provisions of the Petty Offences Procedure Code. . Generally, a defamatory statement published to third parties has to be proved and it has to be proved that the publisher knew or should have known that the statement that they made which harmed the reputation was false. The good name or reputation of another can be damaged, or even totally destroyed, in a number of ways. To calumniate another is certainly to ruin a person’s or a company their good name and so to do them an injustice. The number of criminal offences under Article 212 has increased four times over the past ten years.
Bivariate Time Series Analysis of Rainfall Pattern in Selected States in Nigeria
Authors: Ugochukwu Amadi , Emmanuel Biu O. , Lekia Nkpordee
Published: July 2023

The issues concerning global rainfall distribution and warming/climate change cannot be over emphasized since it affects virtually every part of live. The study used rainfall pattern in two states of Nigeria. Data on the monthly rainfall distribution in Imo and Rivers state, for a period
of 37 years was examined. The result showed a continuous increase in the pattern of rainfall for a period of thirty seven years within the period under study. However the pattern was inconsistence for the remaining years with some kind of fluctuations. The monthly mean series plots showed
a clear presence of trend with the peak period being September annually in both series with coefficient of determination- R square value of 83% and 86% for Imo and Rivers series respectively. The yearly mean series plots showed a clear irregular variation over the years in both series. The
irregularity in the pattern of rainfall calls for serious commitment in joining the force for climate change abatement process. Pearson correlation coefficient between the two series is 0.80 (substantial correlation), which is the same result with cross correlation between the two rainfall
series (0.79988 approx. 0.80). The series reveal the following characteristics: high correlations appear seasonality of order 12 in the monthly mean plots (every September), irregular variation and trend curve which is quadratic trend. ARIMAX model with independent variable was employed to
identify the best bivariate time series model for prediction purpose. The result reveal an increase in Rivers series (Yt ) would tend to a linear combination of some increase of the preceding Imo series (It ) values which is vise visa. SARIMAX (1, 2) and SARIMAX (2, 1)
models are identified as the best model with respect to Rivers on Imo series rainfall; via Imo on Rivers series rainfall.
MAGNETRON SPUTTER DEPOSITION OF TUNGSTEN COATINGS IN DEUTERIUM-HELIUM MIXTURES
Authors: Kharkov Maksim M. , Lomonosov G.S. , Kolodko D.V. , Kukushkina M.S. , Kaziev A.V. , Tumarkin A.V. , Ogorodnikova O.V.
Published: July 2023

The electrical parameters of a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) discharge operating in H2/He mixtures were studied using different values of the pulse width, repetition frequency, and power. Deposition of tungsten (W) coatings was carried out in a magnetron discharge with a thermally insulated W target in two regimes at different pulse widths (80 and 500 µs) and frequencies (2 and 0.5 kHz). The average discharge power was fixed at Pd = 1500 W. Fusion-relevant molecular deuterium/helium (He) and hydrogen/He gas mixtures with a 90/10 flow ratio were used in the experiments.