bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of branched GDGTs in surface sediments from the Colville River, Alaska: Implications for the MBT′/CBT paleothermometer in Arctic marine sediments
Authors: Hanna Andrea J. M. , Shanahan Timothy M. , Allison Mead A.
Published: June 2016

Significant climate fluctuations in the Arctic over the recent past, and additional predicted future temperature changes, highlight the need for high‐resolution Arctic paleoclimate records. Arctic coastal environments supplied with terrigenous sediment from Arctic rivers have the potential to provide annual to subdecadal resolution records of climate variability over the last few millennia. A potential tool for paleotemperature reconstructions in these marine sediments is the revised methylation index of branched tetraethers (MBT′)/cyclization ratio of branched tetraethers (CBT) proxy based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs). In this study, we examine the source of brGDGTs in the Colville River, Alaska, and the adjacent Simpson Lagoon and reconstruct temperatures from Simpson Lagoon sediments to evaluate the applicability of this proxy in Arctic estuarine environments. The Colville catchment soils, fluvial sediments, and estuarine sediments contain statistically similar brGDGT distributions, indicating that the brGDGTs throughout the system are soil derived with little alteration from in situ brGDGT production in the river or coastal waters. Temperatures reconstructed from the MBT′/CBT indices for surface samples show good agreement with regional summer (June through September) temperatures, suggesting a seasonal bias in Arctic temperature reconstructions from the Colville system. In addition, we reconstruct paleotemperatures from an estuarine sediment core that spans the last 75 years, revealing an overall warming trend in the twentieth century that is consistent with trends observed in regional instrumental records. These results support the application of this brGDGT‐based paleotemperature proxy for subdecadal‐scale summer temperature reconstructions in Arctic estuaries containing organic material derived from sediment‐laden, episodic rivers.
Cognition in Friedreich's ataxia: a behavioral and multimodal imaging study
Authors: Dogan Imis , Tinnemann Eugenie , Romanzetti Sandro , Mirzazade Shahram , Costa Ana S. , Werner Cornelius J. , Heim Stefan , Fedosov Kathrin , Schulz Stefanie , Timmann Dagmar , Giordano Ilaria A. , Klockgether Thomas , Schulz Jörg B. , Reetz Kathrin
Published: June 2016

Objective

Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a spinocerebellar degenerative disorder, in which cognitive deficits are sparsely explored. In this behavioral and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, we investigated the neurocognitive profile and cortico‐cerebellar dysfunctions underlying executive functioning in individuals with FRDA.

Methods

22 FRDA patients and 22 controls were clinically and neuropsychologically examined. Fifteen of each underwent structural and functional MRI using a verbal‐fluency task with phonemic and semantic conditions. Gray (GM) and white matter (WM) alterations were assessed by means of voxel‐based morphometry and diffusion‐tensor imaging.

Results

The neuropsychological profile demonstrated deficits in verbal fluency, working memory and social cognition. Functional MRI data showed most pronounced group‐differences in phonemic fluency with patients exhibiting enhanced activity in the cerebellum (VI, Crus I), fronto‐insular, premotor and temporo‐occipital regions. The semantic condition only revealed reduced activity in the anterior cerebellum; for overt speech, we found increased activity in the motor cortex. Functional connectivity‐analysis showed higher co‐activation within cerebellar and cortical regions, respectively, and impaired interregional coupling between the cerebellum and fronto‐insular cortex for phonemic processing, which was also related to poorer task performance. GM reduction in FRDA was mainly found in lobule VI, whereas WM degeneration was more pronounced including brainstem, cerebellum, and cortex. Decreased cerebellar GM was associated with enhanced activity in the fronto‐insular cortex, while loss of WM integrity may translate cortico‐cerebellar pathway disruptions.

Interpretation

The pattern of increased neural response with both cerebellar and cortical involvement underlying executive functioning indicates functional reorganization driven by disease‐related structural damage in FRDA.
Brightness and Photostability of Emerging Red and Near‐IR Fluorescent Nanomaterials for Bioimaging
Authors: Reineck Philipp , Francis Adam , Orth Antony , Lau Desmond Wai Mo , Nixon‐Luke Reece David Valmont , Rastogi Ishan Das , Razali Wan Aizuddin Wan , Cordina Nicole Maree , Parker Lindsay Marie , Sreenivasan Varun Kumaraswamy Annayya , Brown Louise Jennifer , Gibson Brant Cameron
Published: June 2016

Many novel fluorescent nanomaterials exhibit radically different optical properties compared to organic fluorophores that are still the most extensively used class of fluorophores in biology today. Assessing the practical impact of these optical differences for bioimaging experiments is challenging due to a lack of published quantitative benchmarking data. This study therefore directly and quantitatively compares the brightness and photostability of representatives from seven classes of fluorescent materials in spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy experiments for the first time. These material classes are: organic dyes, semiconductor quantum dots, fluorescent beads, carbon dots, gold nanoclusters, nanodiamonds, and nanorubies. The relative brightness of each material is determined and the minimum material concentrations required to generate sufficient contrast in a fluorescence microscopy image are assessed. The influence of optical filters used for imaging is also discussed and suitable filter combinations are identified. The photostability of all materials is determined under typical imaging conditions and the number of images that can be acquired is inferred. The results are expected to facilitate the transition of novel fluorescent materials from physics and chemistry into biology laboratories.
Characterization of an Epoxy Network with Gold Nanoparticles Using Dielectric Analysis
Authors: Fraga Francisco , Torres Carmen , Rodríguez‐Núñez Eugenio , Martínez‐Ageitos José Manuel , Vázquez‐Barreiro Eva C. , Suárez‐Pereiro Felipe , Miragaya Javier
Published: June 2016

Epoxy composite materials have been processed with various percentage additions of gold nanoparticles. Different percentages of filler were designed to investigate their influence on the dielectric properties of epoxy polymers. A small loss of cross‐linking of the material as increasing nanoparticle concentration in the sample has been observed. Doubling the concentration of nanoparticle, we got three times the load storage capacity of the nanocomposite. The curves of capacitance versus temperature show three peaks: The first one is associated to the orientation of the functional groups of the material side chains, and it is known as α‐transition The second peak is associated to the orientation of dipoles upon the nanoparticle surface. The third peak is associated to the material′s thermodegradation. A morphological study using a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that most of the nanoparticle has an average diameter of about 4 nm.
Metallkatalysierte Anellierungen durch Aktivierung und Spaltung von C‐H‐Bindungen
Authors: Gulías Moisés , Mascareñas José Luis
Published: June 2016

Die außerordentliche Zunahme der Zahl katalytischer Umwandlungen über eine metallvermittelte Aktivierung von zuvor als inert angesehenen C‐H‐Bindungen zeugt von einem grundlegenden Wandel auf dem Gebiet der Synthesechemie. Während die meisten Reaktionen mit C‐H‐Aktivierung einfache Funktionalisierungen oder Additionen sind, wuchs in den letzten Jahren das Interesse an verwandten Umwandlungen, die formal als Cycloadditionsprozesse betrachtet werden können. Diese Reaktionen sind besonders für die Synthese vielversprechend, da sie die schnelle und nachhaltige Umwandlung leicht zugänglicher Substrate in wertvolle cyclische Produkte ermöglichen. In vielen Fällen entstehen bei diesen Anellierungsreaktionen metallacyclische Intermediate, die denen der herkömmlichen metallkatalysierten Cycloadditionen ungesättigter Vorstufen ähneln.
Die Kation‐π‐Wechselwirkung in der Katalyse mit niedermolekularen Verbindungen
Authors: Kennedy C. Rose , Lin Song , Jacobsen Eric N.
Published: June 2016

Die Katalyse durch niedermolekulare Verbindungen (≤1000 Da, 10−9 m), die Substrate durch attraktive nichtkovalente Wechselwirkungen binden und aktivieren können, ist ein wichtiger Ansatz in der organischen und metallorganischen Chemie geworden. Zwar sind die kanonischen nichtkovalenten Wechselwirkungen, einschließlich Wasserstoffbrücken, Ionenpaarbindung und π‐Stapelung, die Hauptstützen der Katalysatorentwicklung, jedoch wurde die Kation‐π‐Wechselwirkung seit ihrer Entdeckung in den 1980ern zu wenig genutzt. Wie Wasserstoffbrücken zeigen auch die Kation‐π‐Wechselwirkungen typische Bindungsaffinitäten von einigen kcal mol−1 mit einer erheblichen Direktionalität. Diese Eigenschaften machen sie zu einem interessanten Designelement für niedermolekulare Katalysatoren, und in den letzten Jahren wurde, beflügelt durch die Forschung in der molekularen Erkennung und Strukturbiologie, immer mehr Nutzen aus ihnen gezogen. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über die Anwendung der Kation‐π‐Wechselwirkung in der Katalyse.
Highly Stretchable Supercapacitors Based on Aligned Carbon Nanotube/Molybdenum Disulfide Composites
Authors: Lv Tian , Yao Yao , Li Ning , Chen Tao
Published: June 2016

Stretchable supercapacitors that can sustain their performance under unpredictable tensile force are important elements for practical applications of various portable and wearable electronics. However, the stretchability of most reported supercapacitors was often lower than 100 % because of the limitation of the electrodes used. Herein we developed all‐solid‐state supercapacitors with a stretchability as high as 240 % by using aligned carbon nanotube composites with compact structure as electrodes. By combined with pseudocapacitive molybdenum disulfide nanosheets, the newly developed supercapacitor showed a specific capacitance of 13.16 F cm−3, and also showed excellent cycling retention (98 %) after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles. This work also presents a general and effective approach in developing high‐performance electrodes for flexible and stretchable electronics.
Glucose–Nucleobase Pseudo Base Pairs: Biomolecular Interactions within DNA
Authors: Vengut‐Climent Empar , Gómez‐Pinto Irene , Lucas Ricardo , Peñalver Pablo , Aviñó Anna , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Eritja Ramón , González Carlos , Morales Juan C.
Published: June 2016

Noncovalent forces rule the interactions between biomolecules. Inspired by a biomolecular interaction found in aminoglycoside–RNA recognition, glucose‐nucleobase pairs have been examined. Deoxyoligonucleotides with a 6‐deoxyglucose insertion are able to hybridize with their complementary strand, thus exhibiting a preference for purine nucleobases. Although the resulting double helices are less stable than natural ones, they present only minor local distortions. 6‐Deoxyglucose stays fully integrated in the double helix and its OH groups form two hydrogen bonds with the opposing guanine. This 6‐deoxyglucose‐guanine pair closely resembles a purine‐pyrimidine geometry. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that glucose‐purine pairs are as stable as a natural T‐A pair.
Coupling of Carbon Monoxide with Nitrogen Monoxide at a Frustrated Lewis Pair Template
Authors: Ye Ke‐Yin , Kehr Gerald , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Liu Lei , Grimme Stefan , Erker Gerhard
Published: June 2016

Coupling of carbon monoxide with nitrogen monoxide was achieved at a frustrated Lewis pair template. This unique reaction uses hydride as an auxiliary, which reductively activates carbon monoxide at the frustrated Lewis pair. The CO/NO coupling reaction then takes place through a pathway involving a radical reaction in which the hydrogen atom auxiliary is eventually removed again.
Quantitative, In Situ Visualization of Metal‐Ion Dissolution and Transport Using 1H Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Bray Joshua M. , Davenport Alison J. , Ryder Karl S. , Britton Melanie M.
Published: June 2016

Quantitative mapping of metal ions freely diffusing in solution is important across a diverse range of disciplines and is particularly significant for dissolution processes in batteries, metal corrosion, and electroplating/polishing of manufactured components. However, most current techniques are invasive, requiring sample extraction, insertion of an electrode, application of an electric potential or the inclusion of a molecular sensor. Thus, there is a need for techniques to visualize the distribution of metal ions non‐invasively, in situ, quantitatively, in three dimensions (3D) and in real time. Here we have used 1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to make quantitative 3D maps showing evolution of the distribution of Cu2+ ions, not directly visible by MRI, during the electrodissolution of copper, with high sensitivity and spatial resolution. The images are sensitive to the speciation of copper, the depletion of dissolved O2 in the electrolyte and show the dissolution of Cu2+ ions is not uniform across the anode.
Leader Peptide‐Free In Vitro Reconstitution of Microviridin Biosynthesis Enables Design of Synthetic Protease‐Targeted Libraries
Authors: Reyna‐González Emmanuel , Schmid Bianca , Petras Daniel , Süssmuth Roderich D. , Dittmann Elke
Published: June 2016

Microviridins are a family of ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified peptides with a highly unusual architecture featuring non‐canonical lactone as well as lactam rings. Individual variants specifically inhibit different types of serine proteases. Here we have established an efficient in vitro reconstitution approach based on two ATP‐grasp ligases that were constitutively activated using covalently attached leader peptides and a GNAT‐type N‐acetyltransferase. The method facilitates the efficient in vitro one‐pot transformation of microviridin core peptides to mature microviridins. The engineering potential of the chemo‐enzymatic technology was demonstrated for two synthetic peptide libraries that were used to screen and optimize microviridin variants targeting the serine proteases trypsin and subtilisin. Successive analysis of intermediates revealed distinct structure–activity relationships for respective target proteases.
Styrene–hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer based alkyd resins with a comb‐type structural morphology obtained with a high solid content
Authors: Mejía María C. , Murillo Edwin A.
Published: June 2016

Nowadays, so many studies are being carried out with the goal of obtaining environmentally friendly materials. In this study, styrene–hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer (St‐co‐HEA) based alkyd resins with high solid contents and comb‐type structural morphologies were synthesized from St‐co‐HEA and macromonomers [MMs; dimethylol propionic acid modified with different proportions of tall oil fatty acids (TOFAs)]. The molar mass and gloss values of St‐co‐HEA were lower than those of the alkyd resins, but the thermal stability, viscosity, and glass‐transition temperature exhibited the opposite behavior. In all cases, the conversion percentage was higher than 80 %. The hydroxyl value and viscosity of the alkyd resins decreased with the TOFA content present in the MMrs, but the molar mass and the thermal stability increased. The rheological behavior of these resins was mainly pseudoplastic. Furthermore, the viscosity values were lower than 10 Pa s. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43996.
The warm‐core structure of Super Typhoon Rammasun derived by FY‐3C microwave temperature sounder measurements
Authors: Wang Xiang , Ren Yifang , Li Xun
Published: June 2016

The microwave temperature sounder (MWTS) on board the third FengYun satellite (FY‐3C) is well suited for the detection of tropical cyclones because the observed radiance is insignificantly affected by non‐precipitating clouds. In this study, a stepwise multiple linear regression technique is proposed to retrieve the atmospheric temperature profiles based on MWTS measurements. Under clear‐sky conditions, the root‐mean‐square error of retrieved temperature is no >1.4 K, which is low enough to monitor the thermal structure within typhoons. An application of this method to the Super Typhoon Rammasun resolves the warm‐core eye and temperature gradients across the eye‐wall very well.
Teachers' perspectives on effective responses to overt bullying
Authors: Sokol Nicole , Bussey Kay , Rapee Ronald M.
Published: June 2016

School communities worldwide are tackling the pervasive problem of school bullying. Teachers hold an important responsibility to prevent and manage bullying problems in the school environment and often play a key role in advising students about how to respond to bullying. This study examined teachers' perspectives on the most effective ways to respond to overt bullying. Australian primary and secondary school teachers (N = 289; Mean age = 41.22 years, 59 males) completed online questionnaires about four hypothetical videotaped scenarios portraying different victim responses (angry, sad, confident, ignoring) to physical or verbal bullying. Qualitative measures assessing teachers' recommendations to victims about how to respond to bullying and the rationales underlying their suggested approaches were also obtained. Teachers considered confident and ignoring victim responses to be more effective than sad and angry responses. Furthermore, sad victims were perceived to be at greatest risk of future victimisation, while confident victims were considered to be at lowest risk. Teachers reported a broad range of victim response recommendations and rationales that at times varied depending on the type of bullying but did not differ according to students' gender. Understanding teachers' views about effective victim responding may inform professional education programmes aimed at guiding teachers in how best to support and advise victims of bullying.
Covalent Inhibition of HIV‐1 Integrase by N‐Succinimidyl Peptides
Authors: Chandra Koushik , Das Priyadip , Mamidi Samarasimhareddy , Hurevich Mattan , Iosub‐Amir Anat , Metanis Norman , Reches Meital , Friedler Assaf
Published: June 2016

We present a new approach for the covalent inhibition of HIV‐1 integrase (IN) by an LEDGF/p75‐derived peptide modified with an N‐terminal succinimide group. The covalent inhibition is mediated by direct binding of the succinimide to the amine group of a lysine residue in IN. The peptide serves as a specific recognition sequence for the target protein, while the succinimide serves as the binding moiety. The combination of a readily synthesizable peptide precursor with easy and efficient binding to the target protein makes this approach a promising new strategy for designing lead compounds.
Cloud resource management driven by profit augmentation
Authors: Lage‐Freitas André , Parlavantzas Nikos , Pazat Jean
Published: June 2016

Cloud computing has become the infrastructure of choice for building and delivering software services. A key challenge for service providers is effectively managing cloud resources in order to increase profit while maintaining service‐level agreements (SLAs) with customers. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a combination of automated mechanisms for resource and execution management. The resource management mechanisms, namely, under‐provisioning and contract rescission, reduce resource allocation costs and minimize penalties incurred when performance objectives are violated. The execution management mechanisms, namely, crash recovery and delay recovery, minimize penalties incurred when reliability objectives are violated. The mechanisms are integrated in the Qu4DS framework and evaluated in the Grid'5000 testbed. The results show that the under‐provisioning mechanism increases profit by 20–50%, the contract rescission mechanism increases profit up to four times, and the execution management mechanisms increase profit by up to 60%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A revisited phylogeography of Nautilus pompilius
Authors: Vandepas Lauren E. , Dooley Frederick D. , Barord Gregory J. , Swalla Billie J. , Ward Peter D.
Published: June 2016

The cephalopod genus Nautilus is considered a “living fossil” with a contested number of extant and extinct species, and a benthic lifestyle that limits movement of animals between isolated seamounts and landmasses in the Indo‐Pacific. Nautiluses are fished for their shells, most heavily in the Philippines, and these fisheries have little monitoring or regulation. Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that multiple species of Nautilus (e.g., N. belauensis, N. repertus and N. stenomphalus) are in fact one species with a diverse phenotypic and geologic range. Using mitochondrial markers, we show that nautiluses from the Philippines, eastern Australia (Great Barrier Reef), Vanuatu, American Samoa, and Fiji fall into distinct geographical clades. For phylogenetic analysis of species complexes across the range of nautilus, we included sequences of Nautilus pompilius and other Nautilus species from GenBank from localities sampled in this study and others. We found that specimens from Western Australia cluster with samples from the Philippines, suggesting that interbreeding may be occurring between those locations, or that there is limited genetic drift due to large effective population sizes. Intriguingly, our data also show that nautilus identified in other studies as N. belauensis, N. stenomphalus, or N. repertus are likely N. pompilius displaying a diversity of morphological characters, suggesting that there is significant phenotypic plasticity within N. pompilius.
Flexible Metal–Organic Frameworks with Discriminatory Gate‐Opening Effect for the Separation of Acetylene from Ethylene/Acetylene Mixtures
Authors: Li Libo , Krishna Rajamani , Wang Yong , Wang Xiaoqing , Yang Jiangfeng , Li Jinping
Published: June 2016

Adsorptive separation of acetylene from ethylene/acetylene mixtures is a technologically very important and highly challenging task. In this work, we describe two flexible metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), ELM‐11 and ELM‐13, that display adsorbate discriminatory gate effects. The two MOFs exhibit gate‐opening‐type adsorption properties for C2H2 but not for C2H4, leading to a highly selective adsorption of acetylene over ethylene at 273–298 K. The potential of the flexible MOFs for the separation is established by combining measurements of adsorption isotherms, ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) calculations of the adsorption equilibrium of the mixture, and transient breakthrough experiments. The results suggest the potential of both flexible MOFs for the industrial removal of acetylene from ethylene/acetylene mixtures through the energy‐efficient adsorption separation process.
Quantum Sieving for Separation of Hydrogen Isotopes Using MOFs
Authors: Oh Hyunchul , Hirscher Michael
Published: June 2016

Hydrogen isotope mixtures can be separated either by confinement in small pores [i.e., “kinetic quantum sieving” (KQS)] or by strong adsorption sites [i.e., “chemical affinity quantum sieving” (CAQS)]. MOFs are excellent candidates for study of these quantum effects, due to their well‐defined, tunable pore structures and the potential to introduce strong adsorption sites directly into the framework structure. In this microreview we summarize the recent status of hydrogen isotope separation using MOFs and future strategies relating to it. Furthermore, a state‐of‐the‐art technique for the direct measurement of selectivity with regard to isotope mixtures is introduced. Experimental results relating to separation factors with different pore apertures in the case of KQS and the role of open metal sites in that of CAQS as a function of temperature and gas pressure are given. Furthermore, technologically relevant parameters such as feasible operating pressure and temperature are discussed with respect to possible applications in a temperature swing process.
Vapochromic Luminescence of a Zirconium‐Based Metal–Organic Framework for Sensing Applications
Authors: Drache Franziska , Bon Volodymyr , Senkovska Irena , Adam Marcus , Eychmüller Alexander , Kaskel Stefan
Published: June 2016

For the integration of responsive molecular units into chemically stable metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), the luminescent ligand 9‐fluoreneone‐2,7‐dicarboxylic acid (H2FDC) was utilised in a reaction with Zr4+. The resulting framework has fcu topology and is permanently porous with a BET surface area of 1428 m2 g–1. The MOF shows guest‐responsive fluorescent properties and is therefore suitable for application in sensing of solvent vapours. Saturated vapours of non‐polar aromatic and non‐aromatic compounds can be distinguished on the basis of their shifts in the fluorescence emission peak. Polar solvents are also distinguishable, whereas aprotic solvents induce a hypsochromic and protic solvents a bathochromic shift. Furthermore, different alcohols can be distinguished from each other. In the case of water, the significant dependence of the emission wavelength on the concentration demonstrates the potential of the MOF as a humidity sensor.
Vanadium Polyoxoanions within Coordination Polymers Based on a Macrocyclic Nickel Complex: Structural Diversities and Single‐Crystal to Single‐Crystal Transformation
Authors: Ou Guang‐Chuan , Yuan Xian‐You , Li Zhi‐Zhang , Li Wen‐Yi , Zeng Fei , Deng Ji‐Hua , Zhong Di‐Chang
Published: June 2016

Five three‐dimensional (3D) coordination polymers, {(NiL)[(NiL)(V16O42)]}n·2nH2O (1), [(NiL)3(VO3)6]n·5nH2O (2), [(NiL)3(V6O18)]n·7nH2O (3), [(NiL)3(V8O23)]n (4), and [(NiL)4(V10O29)]n (5), have been obtained by the reaction of the macrocyclic nickel complex [NiL](ClO4)2 (L = 1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane) with NH4VO3 under different conditions. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that the [VO3]– anion assumes diverse species and structures in these five coordination polymers, including the [V16O42]n4n– sheet, [V6O18]6– ring, [VO3]nn– chain, [VO3]nn– sheet, and [V10O29]n8n– chain. The [V16O42]n4n– sheets, [V6O18]6– rings, [VO3]nn– chains, [VO3]nn– sheets, and [V10O29]n8n– chains are linked together through [NiL]2+ bridges to form the 3D frameworks of 1–5. The single‐crystal to single‐crystal transformation between 2 and desolvated 2 was successfully realized. Electrochemical measurements indicate that 2 and 4 are potential catalysts for water splitting.
Nickel Nanoparticles Supported on CMK‐3 with Enhanced Catalytic Performance for Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Kim Daeho , Kang Hyuntae , Park Hyesu , Park Sungkyun , Park Ji Chan , Park Kang Hyun
Published: June 2016

Ordered mesoporous carbon materials are becoming increasingly important in catalysis applications due to their advantageous stability and surface properties. In this paper, we report a replication of the synthesis of mesoporous carbon CMK‐3 using SBA‐15 as a silica template. Ni/CMK‐3 was prepared by incorporating Ni particles formed inside the pores of CMK‐3 by impregnation of nickel nitrate and subsequent hydrogen reduction. The prepared Ni/CMK‐3 has a large surface area and a very small nickel nanoparticle size (1 nm) with the aim of achieving high performance in catalytic hydrogenation reactions. Moreover, we demonstrate that CMK‐3 has a higher stability than that of SBA‐15 during the hydrogenation reactions of acetophenone derivatives.
Efficient Synthesis of One‐ and Two‐Dimensional Multimetallic Gold–Bis(dithiolene) Complexes
Authors: Murata Michihisa , Kaji Shoji , Nishimura Hidetaka , Wakamiya Atsushi , Murata Yasujiro
Published: June 2016

Multimetallic complexes having π‐conjugated dithiolate ligands have recently received attention because of their unique solid‐state properties. Reported herein are efficient and versatile routes for the synthesis of structurally well‐defined multimetallic gold–bis(dithiolene) complexes. A dichlorogold(III) complex having a benzene‐1,2‐dithiolate ligand was prepared as a key terminal unit. A one‐dimensional dimetallic gold complex was synthesized in good yield by using benzene‐1,2,4,5‐tetrathiolate as a bridging ligand. Furthermore, by using benzenehexathiolate as a bridging ligand, this strategy was applied to the synthesis of a two‐dimensional trimetallic complex with a starburst structure. The solid‐state structures of the anionic complexes were unambiguously confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analyses.
Photophysical Characterization and Recognition Behaviour of a Bis(dansylated) Polyoxometalate
Authors: Carraro Mauro , Bergamini Giacomo , Di Lauro Michele , Modugno Gloria , Baroncini Massimo , Ceroni Paola , Bonchio Marcella
Published: June 2016

The bis(dansylated) polyoxometalate (nBu4N)4[γ‐SiW10O36{(Me2N)C10H6SO2NH(CH2)3Si}2O] has been investigated to establish the impact of the inorganic polyanionic domain on the photophysical behaviour of the appended dansyl chromophore. The interactions of this molecular hybrid with Lewis acids (lanthanide cations) and with an aromatic cationic molecule (N,N′‐2,7‐didecyldiazapyrenium) have also been monitored by multiple techniques, including spectrofluorimetry, Z‐potential, 1H NMR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy. The different spectral behaviour, coupled with the morphological evolution of the resulting nanostructures, highlights the capability of the hybrid polyoxometalate to interact, acting as a ditopic receptor, with different chemical substrates.
Bio‐nano interactions detected by nanochannel electrophoresis
Authors: Luan Binquan
Published: June 2016

Engineered nanoparticles have been widely used in industry and are present in many consumer products. However, their bio‐safeties especially in a long term are largely unknown. Here, a nanochannel‐electrophoresis‐based method is proposed for detecting the potential bio‐nano interactions that may further lead to damages to human health and/or biological environment. Through proof‐of‐concept molecular dynamics simulations, it was demonstrated that the transport of a protein‐nanoparticle complex is very different from that of a protein along. By monitoring the change of ionic currents induced by a transported analyte as well as the transport velocities of the analyte, the complex (with bio‐nano interaction) can be clearly distinguished from the protein alone (with no interaction with tested nanoparticles).
ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Locoregional therapy for resectable oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Beitler Jonathan J. , Quon Harry , Jones Christopher U. , Salama Joseph K. , Busse Paul M. , Cooper Jay S. , Koyfman Shlomo A. , Ridge John A. , Saba Nabil F. , Siddiqui Farzan , Smith Richard V. , Worden Francis , Yao Min , Yom Sue S. ,   Expert Panel on Radiation Oncology – Head and Neck
Published: June 2016

Background

There are no level I studies to guide treatment for resectable oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Treatment toxicities influence management recommendations. Ongoing investigations are examining deintensified treatments for human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated oropharyngeal SCC.

Methods

The Appropriateness Criteria panel, using modified Delphi methodology, produced a literature summary, an assessment of treatment recommendations, and cases to illustrate their use.

Results

A multidisciplinary team produces optimum results. Based on HPV status, smoking history, and staging, patients are divided into groups at low, intermediate, and high‐risk of death. In the future, treatment recommendations may be influenced by HPV status, which has changed the epidemiology of oropharyngeal SCC.

Conclusion

T1 to T2N0M0 resectable oropharyngeal SCC can be treated with surgery or radiation without chemotherapy. Patients with T1‐2N1‐2aM0 disease can receive radiation, chemoradiation, or transoral surgery with neck dissection and appropriate adjuvant therapy. Patients with T1‐2N2b‐3M0 disease should receive chemoradiation or transoral surgery with neck dissection and appropriate adjuvant therapy. Concurrent chemoradiation is preferred for T3 to T4 disease. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1299–1309, 2016
On the Implementation of Cu/Ethylene Glycol Nanofluids Inside an Annular Pipe Under a Constant Wall Temperature Boundary Condition
Authors: Jafarimoghaddam A. , Aberoumand S.
Published: June 2016

This study aims to investigate convective heat transfer inside an annular tube under a constant wall temperature as the outer boundary condition. The outer wall temperature is set to 91 °C, while the other boundaries remained unchanged. For different volume concentrations of Cu as the nanoparticle (0.011, 0.044, and 0.171), the study has been pursued. The acquired data is used to develop a correlation for Nusselt number. The correlation is valid for a Cu/Base Ethylene Glycol nanofluid flow with the volume concentrations between 0.011 and 0.171 in the hydrodynamically fully developed laminar flow regime with Re <160 which is applicable in milli and micro channel heat exchangers.
ZnO Nanoparticle as a Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Thiazolo Isoquinolines and Thiazolo Quinolines
Authors: Hossaini Zinatossadat , Zareyee Daryoush , Soltani Saeid , Sadati Seyedmahaleh Seyedeh Azam
Published: June 2016

1,3‐Thiazolo[4,3‐a]isoquinoline and 1,3‐thiazolo[3,4‐a]quinoline derivatives were generated by using four component reactions of acid chlorides, potassium thiocyanate, alkyl bromides, and isoquinoline or quinoline in the presence of catalytic amount of nanoparticles of ZnO at room temperature under solvent‐free conditions in good yield.
Impact of resistance‐associated variant dominancy on treatment in patients with HCV genotype 1b receiving daclatasvir/asunaprevir
Authors: Ikeda Hiroki , Watanabe Tsunamasa , Okuse Chiaki , Matsumoto Nobuyuki , Ishii Toshiya , Yamada Norie , Shigefuku Ryuta , Hattori Nobuhiro , Matsunaga Kotaro , Nakano Hiroyasu , Hiraishi Tetsuya , Kobayashi Minoru , Yasuda Kiyomi , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Yasuda Hiroshi , Kurosaki Masayuki , Izumi Namiki , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Suzuki Michihiro , Itoh Fumio
Published: June 2016

Sustained virological responses (SVR) by daclatasvir (DCV) and asunaprevir (ASV) therapy for genotype 1b hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients has been significantly affected by pre‐existence of Y93 H resistance‐associated variants (RAVs) in the non‐structural protein 5A (NS5A) region. The aim of this study was to elucidate the dominancy of naturally occurring RAVs in viral quasispecies on treatment outcomes in patients with HCV. In total, 138 patients were prospectively selected from 152 patients treated with DCV and ASV, where evaluation of treatment outcomes at 12 weeks post‐treatment was possible. Pre‐treatment RAVs in the non‐structural protein 3 and NS5A regions were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐Invader assays, and the ratio of Y93H RAVs in viral quasispecies was measured by quantitative PCR‐Invader assay. Among 25 patients detected the Y93H RAV, the Y93H ratio was 1–25% in 5 patients, 26–75% in 7 patients, and ≥76% in 13 patients. Overall, SVR at 12 weeks after the completion of treatment (SVR12) was 91% (125/138), and those with Y93H ratios of <1%, 1–25%, 26–75%, and ≥76% were 99%, 100%, 71%, and 23%, respectively. Thus, the SVR12 decreased as the HCV Y93H ratio increased (P < 0.0001). The dominancy of pre‐treatment RAVs of DCV and ASV affected its treatment outcomes, suggesting that evaluating the dominancy of HCV RAVs could be required for every other direct‐acting antiviral agent treatments. J. Med. Virol. 89:99–105, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oropharyngeal and laryngeal but not oral cancers are strongly associated with high‐risk human papillomavirus in 172 Greek patients
Authors: Tsimplaki Elpida , Argyri Elena , Sakellaridis Athanassios , Kyrodimos Efthimios , Xesfyngi Dimitra , Panotopoulou Efstathia
Published: June 2016

A strong and consistent association has been reported between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and oropharyngeal cancer, whereas a similar link has not yet been clarified in oral and laryngeal cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between HPV infection and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in Greek patients. Cytological or tissue specimens from 172 cases patients with HNSCC and cytological specimens from 91 control subjects were analyzed for HPV DNA detection and genotyping using a microarray‐based assay. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between the presence of HPV infection and HNSCC for each of the tumor site, after adjustment for potential confounders. The adjusted ORs for positivity to high‐risk HPV infection for oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer were 20.3 (95% CI: 1.7–250.1) and 22.8 (95% CI: 2.5–206.2), respectively. High‐risk HPV infection was not significantly associated with oral cancer. HPV infection was independently associated with poorly differentiated tumors (OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.1–7.5). Our results suggest a strong association of high‐risk HPV infection with oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer. J. Med. Virol. 89:170–176, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
From accelerated warming to warming hiatus in China
Authors: Xie Yongkun , Huang Jianping , Liu Yuzhi
Published: June 2016

As the recent global warming hiatus has attracted worldwide attention, we examined the robustness of the warming hiatus in China and the related dynamical mechanisms in this study. Based on the results confirmed by the multiple data and trend analysis methods, we found that the annual mean temperature in China had a cooling trend during the recent global warming hiatus period, which suggested a robust warming hiatus in China. The warming hiatus in China was dominated by the cooling trend in the cold season, which was mainly induced by the more frequent and enhanced extreme‐cold events. By examining the variability of the temperature over different time scales, we found the recent warming hiatus was mainly associated with a downward change of decadal variability, which counteracted the background warming trend. Decadal variability was also much greater in the cold season than in the warm season, and also contributed the most to the previous accelerated warming. We found that the previous accelerated warming and the recent warming hiatus, and the decadal variability of temperature in China were connected to changes in atmospheric circulation. There were opposite circulation changes during these two periods. The westerly winds from the low to the high troposphere over the north of China all enhanced during the previous accelerated warming period, while it weakened during the recent hiatus. The enhanced westerly winds suppressed the invasion of cold air from the Arctic and vice versa. Less frequent atmospheric blocking during the accelerated warming period and more frequent blocking during the recent warming hiatus confirmed this hypothesis. Furthermore, variation in the Siberian High and East Asian winter monsoon season supports the given conclusions.
Late nitrogen application increased protein concentration but not baking quality of wheat
Authors: Xue Cheng , Schulte auf'm Erley Gunda , Rücker Sulamith , Koehler Peter , Obenauf Ulfried , Mühling Karl Hermann
Published: June 2016

Late application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers at heading or anthesis is usually performed to produce wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with high bread‐making quality. However, increasing energy costs and ecological problems due to N losses call for efficient and simplified N fertilization strategies. This study aimed to investigate the effect of late N fertilization on grain protein quality and thus baking quality and to evaluate if similar wheat quality can be maintained without late N application. Field experiments with two winter wheat cultivars differing in quality groups were conducted. The fertilization treatments comprised a rate of 220 kg N ha−1 applied in two or three doses (referred to as split N application), and 260 kg N ha−1 applied in four doses (additional late N fertilization) with different N fertilizer types. The results show that although split N application had no effect on grain protein concentration (GPC), it affected N partitioning in the grain, increasing mainly the concentration and proportion of the glutenin fraction. As a result, baking quality was improved by split N application. Late N fertilization enhanced GPC and the relative abundance of certain high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS). However, it had no effect on N partitioning in the grain and did not further improve baking quality. No obvious differences were found between N fertilizer types on grain yield and quality. The N fertilization effect was more pronounced on the wheat cultivar whose baking quality was more dependent on protein concentration. In evaluating baking quality of wheat flour, gliadin and glutenin proportions were better correlated with loaf volume than the overall protein concentration.
Current trends in sample preparation for cosmetic analysis
Authors: Zhong Zhixiong , Li Gongke
Published: June 2016

The widespread applications of cosmetics in modern life make their analysis particularly important from a safety point of view. There is a wide variety of restricted ingredients and prohibited substances that primarily influence the safety of cosmetics. Sample preparation for cosmetic analysis is a crucial step as the complex matrices may seriously interfere with the determination of target analytes. In this review, some new developments (2010–2016) in sample preparation techniques for cosmetic analysis, including liquid‐phase microextraction, solid‐phase microextraction, matrix solid‐phase dispersion, pressurized liquid extraction, cloud point extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction, and microwave digestion, are presented. Furthermore, the research and progress in sample preparation techniques and their applications in the separation and purification of allowed ingredients and prohibited substances are reviewed.
How publishing in open access journals threatens science and what we can do about it
Authors: Romesburg H. Charles
Published: June 2016

The last decade has seen an enormous increase in the number of peer‐reviewed open access research journals in which authors whose articles are accepted for publication pay a fee to have them made freely available on the Internet. Could this popularity of open access publishing be a bad thing? Is it actually imperiling the future of science? In this commentary, I argue that it is. Drawing upon research literature, I explain why it is almost always best to publish in society journals (i.e., those sponsored by research societies such asJournal of Wildlife Management) and not nearly as good to publish in commercial academic journals, and worst—to the point it should normally be opposed—to publish in open access journals (e.g.,PLOS ONE). I compare the operating plans of society journals and open access journals based on 2 features: the quality of peer review they provide and the quality of debate the articles they publish receive. On both features, the quality is generally high for society journals but unacceptably low for open access journals, to such an extent that open access publishing threatens to pollute science with false findings. Moreover, its popularity threatens to attract researchers’ allegiance to it and away from society journals, making it difficult for them to achieve their traditionally high standards of peer reviewing and of furthering debate. I prove that the commonly claimed benefits to science of open access publishing are nonexistent or much overestimated. I challenge the notion that journal impact factors should be a key consideration in selecting journals in which to publish. I suggest ways to strengthen theJournaland keep it strong. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Scientific communication – on the brink of the next evolution?
Authors: Weilenmann Anne‐Katharina
Published: June 2016

Key points

Publishing is fixated on the format of the scholarly article, and this is stifling innovation.

Content should be presented in a way that adapts dynamically to the reader's needs.

A lot of interdisciplinary research is needed to transform reading, writing, and publishing processes.
Enhanced Targeted Delivery of Cyclodextrin‐Based Supermolecules by Core–Shell Nanocapsules for Magnetothermal Chemotherapy
Authors: Lin I‐Chieh , Fang Jen‐Hung , Lin Chien‐Ting , Sung Shou‐Yuan , Su Yu‐Lin , Hu Shang‐Hsiu
Published: June 2016

In this study, double‐emulsion capsules (DECs) capable of concealing drug‐incorporated targeted‐supermolecules are developed to achieve “on‐demand” supermolecule release and enhanced sequential targeting for magneto‐chemotherapy. These water‐in‐oil‐in‐water DECs less than 200 nm in diameter are synthesized using a single component of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) polymer and the magnetic nanoparticles, which are capable of encapsulating large quantities of targeted supermolecules composed of palitaxel‐incorporated beta‐cyclodextrin decorated by hyaluronic acid (HA, a CD44‐targeting ligand) in the watery core. The release profiles (slow, sustained and burst release) of the targeted supermolecules can be directly controlled by regulating the high‐frequency magnetic field (HFMF) and polymer conformation without sacrificing the targeting ability. Through an intravenous injection, the positive targeting of the supermolecules exhibited a 20‐fold increase in tumor accumulation via the passive targeting and delivery of DECs followed by positive targeting of the supermolecules. Moreover, this dual‐targeting drug‐incorporated supermolecular delivery vehicle at the tumor site combined with magneto‐thermal therapy suppressed the cancer growth more efficiently than treatment with either drug or supermolecule alone.

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Influence of cerium(III) ions on corrosion of TRIP 800 steel in hydrochloric acid solution
Authors: Rosalbino F. , Scavino G.
Published: June 2016

Ce(III) was studied for its corrosion inhibition property on the corrosion of TRIP 800 C‐Mn‐Si steel in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid at 25 °C by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. SEM was used to examine the specimen surface exposed to 0.5 M HCl containing the optimal threshold Ce(III) concentration (2.5 mM). A model for the corrosion process mechanism and inhibition by Ce(III) salt for TRIP 800 steel in the tested medium is proposed.
Cylindrical multipole expansion for periodic sources with applications for three‐phase power cables
Authors: Nordebo Sven , Gustafsson Mats , Ivanenko Yevhen , Nilsson Börje , Sjöberg Daniel
Published: June 2016

This paper presents a cylindrical multipole expansion for periodic sources with applications for three‐phase power cables. It is the aim of the contribution to provide some analytical solutions and techniques that can be useful in the calculation of cable losses. Explicit analytical results are given for the fields generated by a three‐phase helical current distribution and which can be computed efficiently as an input to other numerical methods such as, for example, the Method of Moments. It is shown that the field computations are numerically stable at low frequencies (such as 50 Hz) as well as in the quasi‐magnetostatic limit provided that sources are divergence‐free. The cylindrical multipole expansion is furthermore used to derive an efficient analytical model of a measurement coil to measure and estimate the complex valued permeability of magnetic steel armour in the presence of a strong skin‐effect. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.