bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unifying everything: Some remarks on simpler syntax, construction grammar, minimalism, and HPSG
Authors: Müller Stefan
Published: February 2014

This discussion note compares several current linguistic theories:
at the extreme ends of the current views are minimalist theories, which restrict themselves to the binary branching operations Move and Merge, and simpler syntax , which assumes flat structures and a surface-oriented mapping between syntactic structures and grammatical functions.

I show that purely surface-oriented theories have problems in accounting for the relatedness of syntactic and morphological structures and for the iteration of valence-changing processes, and I argue for a lexical analysis, as can be found in current minimalist theories, head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG), and categorial grammar . I furthermore show that the Chomskyan view on label computation is problematic for several reasons and should be given up in favor of explicit accounts like the one used in HPSG. I discuss problems for the analysis of complements and specifiers in minimalist theories with special focus on Stabler’s minimalist grammars. I argue that once all problems are fixed, the resulting combinatorial rules are rather similar to what HPSG does.

As various proponents of more surface-oriented theories like construction grammar, simpler syntax , and HPSG have pointed out, two types of binary branching, headed rules are not sufficient to account for the entirety of language, which leads to the conclusion that both research directions are right to a certain extent: there is need for (constraint-based versions of) Move and Merge and there is need for special phrasal constructions.
Radio behind bars – The Polish case
Authors: Doliwa Urszula
Published: February 2014

There are as many as 157 closed-circuit prison radio stations across Poland. However, as they are almost completely cut off from the world outside, awareness of how they work, what content they broadcast and what role they fulfill is rather limited. This article seeks to address this lack of information. The goal is to characterize such radio stations, the programmes they offer and the role they play in prisons. The article also examines prison radio as a form of community broadcasting. Moreover, special attention is paid to the rehabilitative function of involvement in a radio production process. The main research materials are interviews with representatives of prison radio stations, a one-week programme sample from the prison in Olsztyn, the programmes submitted to the prison radio contest and a visit to the radio station in the predetention centre in Olsztyn.
Avatares de una «nación indiana»: la Representación y Exclamación de fray Calixto Túpak Inka (1750)
Authors: Altuna Elena
Published: February 2014

En este trabajo propongo abordar uno de los escritos representativos de la diversidad de ideas y propuestas que caracterizaron al virreinato del Perú en el siglo XVIII: la «Representación y Exclamación rendida» (1750) escrita por el donado franciscano Calixto de San José Túpak Inka, en colaboración con el latinista Antonio Garro, en nombre de la «nación indiana». Aunque perteneciente al género del memorial, varios aspectos lo singularizan y destacan frente al modelo convencional. Dado que nuestro interés se centra en aproximarnos al modo como se gesta discursivamente una «nación» interétnica en un contexto de exacerbado colonialismo, indagaremos en los procedimientos estructurales y retóricos que producen el efecto de una representatividad homogénea. Asimismo, estudiaremos la función que adquiere la estilización de la tradición bíblica (las lamentaciones del profeta Jeremías) para tornar visible una situación de oprobio, que alcanza de esta manera una dimensión transtemporal. Por último, nos referiremos brevemente a otros documentos relacionados con Túpak Inka, que revelan la condición coyuntural de las alianzas interétnicas en el marco de la heterogeneidad sociocultural colonial.
«America Felix» en la cultura italiana del siglo XVIII
Authors: Bellini Giuseppe
Published: February 2014

La reflexión sobre América y el hombre americano en el contexto cultural italiano comenzó con la recepción de la imagen proyectada por Cristóbal Colón tras el Descubrimiento. El relato de un paraíso terrenal dejó paso a las polémicas sobre la eficacia del poder español sobre el nuevo continente, sobre todo a partir de las consideraciones de Ramusio y de los argumentos de Bartolomé de las Casas, que pronto se tradujeron y circularon. Durante el siglo XVIII, en el contexto de la polémica sobre el Nuevo Mundo entran en escena intelectuales que desde Italia recuperan la proyección de la «America felix». El jesuita Muratori publica en 1743 Il cristianesimo felice nelle missioni dei padri della Compagnia di Gesù nel Paraguay, donde frente a la rigidez del sistema político que gobierna el continente recupera la alabanza de la naturaleza y la idílica vida de los ‘barbari’ en las comunidades jesuíticas del Paraguay. Frente a las críticas de Voltaire o de Robertson, intelectuales como Ferdinando Galiani o los jesuitas Juan de Velasco, Giolli, Rafael Landívar o el mismo Francisco Javier Clavijero reflexionaron sobre un mundo americano en el que proyectaron las esperanzas del porvenir ante la decadencia europea por un lado, y como una suerte de paraíso perdido por otro. Un entusiasmo puesto en lo aprendido acerca de un tiempo y un mundo lejanos, de una «America felix», utopía a cuyo desarrollo la cultura italiana del siglo XVIII dio, en varia manera, aporte fundamental, pero que tenía sus orígenes en el mismo Colón.
Feijoo y la Ilustración en una polémica novohispana del siglo XVIII: ¿es Eguiara y Eguren un escolástico ilustrado?
Authors: Comes Peña Claudia
Published: February 2014

En este artículo vamos a analizar el significado y la finalidad que adquieren las menciones a autores ilustrados como Feijoo en el contexto de una polémica sobre la valía intelectual de los americanos desarrollada en la Nueva España del siglo XVIII. Como veremos, las citas no nos permiten afirmar que se dé una asimilación de las nuevas ideas, sino que son utilizadas para demostrar el conocimiento que se tiene de estas en los territorios americanos, una muestra de que están al día de las novedades europeas, convirtiéndose en un argumento apologético más en el marco de una polémica.
Un lazarillo de capa y espada: las cuatro PPPP de Alonso Carrió de la Vandera
Authors: Gil Amate Virginia
Published: February 2014

El presente trabajo se acerca al acertijo propuesto en las páginas de El lazarillo de ciegos caminantes atendiendo tanto al análisis del texto como a la información de la que se dispone sobre Alonso Carrió de la Vandera y la situación de la Real Renta de Correos en el virreinato del Perú. Plantea también los problemas que el autor y la obra pudieron tener al contravenir abiertamente las normas de impresión vigentes en el último cuarto del siglo XVIII.
Narrativa de indios en las Historias naturales de Juan Ignacio Molina y Felipe Gómez de Vidaurre
Authors: Hachim Lara Luis
Published: February 2014

Los naturalistas europeos abordaron a los aborígenes de América, recurriendo a las narraciones que el archivo occidental poseía y que estaba a disposición de la racionalidad ilustrada en perspectiva de la administración colonial. A su vez, los criollos letrados, confrontan su episteme –a veces diferenciada– con esas narrativas occidentalistas. Así, los jesuitas chilenos Juan Ignacio Molina y Felipe Gómez de Vidaurre en sus Historias naturales, investigarán las costumbres civiles del indígena antes de la llegada de los españoles. Estos letrados criollos, primeros exiliados americanos en Europa, aportaron conocimiento sobre esos indios y que hasta ese momento habían descritos por los letrados e ilustrados de los imperios coloniales. El lugar y perspectiva de enunciación de los dos jesuitas, responde a su propia experiencia y relación con el mapuche y con otras etnias en Chile. Este saber es incorporado al Compendio de la Historia Geográfica, Natural y Civil del Reyno de Chile (1776-1787) de Juan I. Molina y también en la Historia geográfica, natural y civil del Reino de Chile de Felipe Gómez de Vidaurre (1889).
La construcción del enunciador en una dinámica de debate: Historia Antigua de México (1780-81) de Francisco Clavijero
Authors: Houvenaghel Eugenia
Published: February 2014

Partiendo del marco de debate que opone Europa y América en el siglo XVIII, nos proponemos estudiar qué relación existe entre dicha polémica y la construcción del enunciador en la Historia Antigua de México (1780-81) de Francisco Javier Clavijero. Para ello, nos apoyamos metodológicamente en la «escenografía», concepto propuesto por Maingueneau para analizar la dinámica enunciativa del discurso que se compone de cuatro categorías interactivas e indisociables: enunciador, co-enunciador, tiempo y espacio. Completaremos el aparato metodológico por medio de la propuesta de Verón y García Negroni sobre la categoría múltiple del co-enunciador en el discurso adversativo. El análisis de tres secciones de la Historia Antigua de México que difieren en cuanto a tonalidad y propósito discursivo nos proporcionan pistas para examinar y comparar los modos en que se pone en escena la dinámica del debate y al mismo tiempo se construye discursivamente la identidad del enunciador. Concluimos que la imagen creada de la instancia enunciadora contradice el espíritu de confrontación Europa/América que caracteriza la «Disputa del Nuevo Mundo».
The top skin-associated genes: a comparative analysis of human and mouse skin transcriptomes
Authors: Gerber Peter Arne , Buhren Bettina Alexandra , Schrumpf Holger , Homey Bernhard , Zlotnik Albert , Hevezi Peter
Published: February 2014

The mouse represents a key model system for the study of the physiology and biochemistry of skin. Comparison of skin between mouse and human is critical for interpretation and application of data from mouse experiments to human disease. Here, we review the current knowledge on structure and immunology of mouse and human skin. Moreover, we present a systematic comparison of human and mouse skin transcriptomes. To this end, we have recently used a genome-wide database of human gene expression to identify genes highly expressed in skin, with no, or limited expression elsewhere – human skin-associated genes (hSAGs). Analysis of our set of hSAGs allowed us to generate a comprehensive molecular characterization of healthy human skin. Here, we used a similar database to generate a list of mouse skin-associated genes (mSAGs). A comparative analysis between the top human (n=666) and mouse (n=873) skin-associated genes (SAGs) revealed a total of only 30.2% identity between the two lists. The majority of shared genes encode proteins that participate in structural and barrier functions. Analysis of the top functional annotation terms revealed an overlap for morphogenesis, cell adhesion, structure, and signal transduction. The results of this analysis, discussed in the context of published data, illustrate the diversity between the molecular make up of skin of both species and grants a probable explanation, why results generated in murine in vivo models often fail to translate into the human.
Upregulation of the thioredoxin-dependent redox system during differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes
Authors: Rajalin Ann-Marie , Micoogullari Mustafa , Sies Helmut , Steinbrenner Holger
Published: February 2014

Hydrogen peroxide acts as a signaling molecule in early adipogenesis. In differentiating adipocytes, elevated hydrogen peroxide generation is balanced through induction of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and peroxiredoxins. Thioredoxin reductases (TrxR) and glutathione peroxidases (GPx) are selenoenzymes that constitute part of the major thiol-dependent antioxidant systems in cells. Here we show that the protein levels of cytoplasmic/nuclear TrxR1 and mitochondrial TrxR2 increase in the course of adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells together with the TrxR2 substrate thioredoxin 2 (Trx2), resulting in elevated TrxR activity in mature adipocytes. Gene and protein expression of the GPx isoenzyme GPx4 was also stimulated during adipogenesis. Chronic exposure of 3T3-L1 cells to the anti-adipogenic factors tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) or rapamycin during differentiation suppressed TrxR1 and Trx2 upregulation, concomitantly with inhibition of adipogenesis and lipogenesis. In contrast, TNF-α or rapamycin did not affect expression of TrxRs and their Trx substrates in mature adipocytes. These results indicate that upregulation of the thioredoxin-dependent redox system is linked to the development of an adipocyte phenotype.
Testing New Reactive Power Control of DERs by Real-Time Simulation
Authors: Di Fazio Anna Rita , Fusco Giuseppe , Russo Mario
Published: February 2014

In the smart grid paradigm, the reactive power control of distributed energy resources (DERs) plays a key role improving the voltage profile in the distribution systems. This topic has been addressed by previous papers in which the Optimal Set-Point Design (OSPD) of DER reactive control, based on a decentralized approach, has been developed. The OSPD determines the set point of a reactive power closed-loop regulation scheme according to an optimization strategy. After briefly recalling the OSPD procedure, the article presents validation studies aiming at testing the effectiveness of the OSPD. The validation is based on a hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulation facility. In particular, an experimental setup has been arranged and presented, in which the system is simulated using the real-time digital simulator (RTDS), while the OSPD has been implemented on a PC in the LabView environment. The OSPD has been developed by considering two different optimization objectives, namely the feeder voltage profile optimization and the distribution losses minimization. The achieved results are then presented and also compared with the ones obtained a classical regulation scheme.
Protective effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts of rosemary on H2O2-induced oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes by comet assay
Authors: Razavi-Azarkhiavi Kamal , Behravan Javad , Mosaffa Fatemeh , Sehatbakhsh Samira , Shirani Kobra , Karimi Gholamreza
Published: February 2014

Background: Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) possesses various pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-tumorigenesis and anti-mutagenesis activities. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts of rosemary on human lymphocyte DNA damage induced by H2O2. The extent of DNA lesions was measured using comet assay.

Methods: Blood samples were taken from healthy volunteers and lymphocytes were isolated. The lymphocytes were then incubated in aqueous and ethanol extract of rosemary (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2.5 mg/mL) and H2O2 (50, 100 and 200 mM). Lymphocytes were also incubated with a combination of H2O2 (100 mM) with either 1 or 2.5 mg/mL of both extracts for 30 min at 4°C.

Results: Our findings showed that H2O2 treatment led to a significant concentrate-dependent DNA damage in human lymphocyte when compared to respective controls (p<0.001). The DNA damage which was initially occurred as the result of 100 µM H2O2 (Percentage tail DNA 55.1%) was inhibited due to the ethanol extract of rosemary at the doses tested (percentage tail DNA 4.7% and 4.03%). However, the aqueous extract has no effects on H2O2 genotoxicity.

Conclusions: We suggest that antioxidant constituents in ethanol extract of rosemary can prevent human lymphocytes oxidative DNA damage which is due to its free radical scavenging activity.
Some groups of exponent 72
Authors: Jabara Enrico , Lytkina Daria V. , Mazurov Victor D.
Published: February 2014

Local finiteness is proved for groups of exponent dividing 72 with no elements of order 6.
Signalanalyse für Ultraschall-Clamp-on-Systeme
Authors: Wöckel Sebastian , Steinmann Ulrike , Auge Jörg
Published: February 2014

Die Methode der Signalanalyse für nicht-invasive Ultraschallsysteme auf
Basis der linearen Modellierung und der mathematischen Optimierung wird
erläutert.
Quasistatisch-resonanter Mikroscanner zur adaptiven
Auflösungssteuerung einer 3D ToF-Kamera
Authors: Sandner Thilo , Grasshoff Thomas , Schrödter Richard , Schwarzenberg Markus
Published: February 2014

Um zukünftig eine aktive, teilautonome Interaktion
von Robotern mit ihrer Umgebung zu gewährleisten, werden neuartige
3D-Sensoren benötigt, die eine hinreichend genaue Erfassung ihrer
Umgebung in Echtzeit ermöglichen und sich durch hohe Robustheit und
Miniaturisierung auszeichnen. Laserscanner ermöglichen zwar eine
präzise und robuste Entfernungsmessung über große Entfernungen
sind aber bzgl. ihrer Messrate auf etwa 1 MVoxel/s begrenzt. In diesem
Beitrag wird eine neuartige MEMS basierte 3D-Kamera vorgestellt, die durch
den Einsatz von quasistatisch-resonanten Mikroscannern eine schnelle und
situationsbezogene Steuerung der Scanbewegung und somit in Analogie zum
menschlichen Auge eine adaptive Anpassung der räumlichen Auflösung
im Scanbereich ermöglicht.
Lokalisation im Maninka (West-Mande)
Authors: Tröbs Holger
Published: February 2014

The structure of localizing expressions in Maninka is described within a universal conceptual framework developed by LEHMANN ( 1 9 9 2 ) . A key element, which appears in the linguistic manifestation of local situations, is the local relator (syntactically an adposition) which designates a local relation between the localized object and the local reference object. It is shown that in Maninka postpositions designate only spatial regions of the reference object (e.g. proximity, interior), whereas the local orientation (towards/away from/along the reference object) is expressed either by the verb root itself, i.e. is contained in the lexical information of the verb, or - in cases where the verb does not incorporate orientation - by a separate orientation verb.

The semantics and syntax of the relational preverbs that are formally identical to the respective postpositions is described in terms of changes in transitivity. A conceptual link between the semantics of the postpositions and that of the relational preverbs is established. The preverbal position of the original postpositions is explained in the context of a grammaticalization chain leading from the compounding of postpositions (derived from relational nouns like body-parts and landmarks) with the verb root to the emergence of derivational prefixes.
Effects of erythropoietin on ischemia, follicular survival, and ovarian function in ovarian grafts
Authors: Mahmoodi Monireh , Soleimani Mehranjani Malek , Shariatzadeh Seyed Mohammad Ali , Eimani Hussein , Shahverdi Abdulhussein
Published: February 2014

Ovarian tissue transplantation is performed to preserve fertility in patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and free radical production occurring during the revascularization of the transplanted tissue are the major limitations of this procedure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) as an antioxidant on oxidative stress and ovary survival following transplantation. The Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice (4–5 weeks old) were divided into three groups (six mice per group): control; autograft+saline, and autograft+EPO (500 IU/kg i.p.). After 28 days, ovary compartments were estimated stereologically. DNA fragmentation and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), progesterone, and estradiol (E2) concentrations were also evaluated. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test, and the means were significantly different at P<0.05. The mean total volume of ovary, cortex, and medulla and the number of follicles increased significantly in the autograft+EPO group (P<0.01). Apoptosis rate in the autograft+EPO group was lower than that in the autograft+saline group. The concentration of MDA decreased significantly in the autografted EPO-treated group than in the autografted saline-treated group (P<0.01). The concentration of E2 increased significantly in the autograft+EPO group than in the autograft+saline group (P<0.01). EPO reduced IR injury, increasing follicle survival and function in grafted ovaries.

Free Persian abstract

A Persian (Farsi) translation of the abstract is freely available online at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/147/5/733/suppl/DC1
The Synthesis Paradigm in Genetics
Authors: Rice William R
Published: February 2014

Experimental genetics with model organisms and mathematically explicit genetic theory are generally considered to be the major paradigms by which progress in genetics is achieved. Here I argue that this view is incomplete and that pivotal advances in genetics—and other fields of biology—are also made by synthesizing disparate threads of extant information rather than generating new information from experiments or formal theory. Because of the explosive expansion of information in numerous “-omics” data banks, and the fragmentation of genetics into numerous subdisciplines, the importance of the synthesis paradigm will likely expand with time.
Multiband Laser Action from Organic-Organic Heteroepitaxial Nanofibers
Authors: Quochi Francesco , Floris Francesco , Simbrunner Clemens , Schwabegger Guenther , Saba Michele , Mura Andrea , Sitter Helmut , Bongiovanni Giovanni
Published: February 2014

We report successful tuning of laser wavelength from ∼420 nm to ∼600 nm in epitaxially aligned nanofibers grown by periodic deposition ofpara-sexiphenyl (p6P) and sexithiophene (6T) onp-6P/muscovite mica templates. The nanofibers were photoexcited by subpicosecond pulses tuned to the lowestp6P absorption band, and the emission of 6T, whose coverage was kept in the submonolayer regime, was efficiently sensitized through resonance energy transfer (RET).

The 6T lasing was achieved at room temperature with threshold fluences as low as 10 μJ/cm2per pulse. Transient photoluminescence measurements, with picosecond resolution, showed that at these pump fluences the decay dynamics of 6T emission is independent of the excitation density, thereby demonstrating the attainment of room-temperature monomolecular lasing from epitaxially oriented 6T submonolayer aggregates. Main lasing properties remained unaltered upon direct photoexcitation of 6T below thep6P absorption edge.
Interaction between pharmaceutical companies and physicians who prescribe antiretroviral drugs for treating AIDS
Authors: Scheffer Mario Cesar
Published: February 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Given that Brazil has a universal public policy for supplying medications to treat HIV and AIDS, the aim here was to describe the forms of relationship between physicians and the pharmaceutical companies that produce antiretrovirals (ARVs). DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted in the state of São Paulo. METHODS : Secondary database linkage was used, with structured interviews conducted by telephone among a sample group of 300 physicians representing 2,361 professionals who care for patients with HIV and AIDS. RESULTS : Around two thirds (64%) of the physicians prescribing ARVs for HIV and AIDS treatment in the state of São Paulo who were interviewed declared that they had some form of relationship with pharmaceutical companies, of which the most frequent were receipt of publications (54%), visits by sales promoters (51%) and receipt of small-value objects (47%). CONCLUSIONS: Two forms of relationship between the pharmaceutical industry and physicians who deal with HIV and AIDS can be highlighted: facilitation of professionals' access to continuing education; and antiretroviral drug brand name promotion.
Long latency auditory evokedpotentials in malnourished children
Authors: Almeida Renata Parente de , Matas Carla Gentile
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE: To characterize the findings obtained in the long latency auditory evoked potentials in malnourished children, as well as to compare them to the results obtained for children at the same age who present typical development. METHODS: Sixty-five children aged between 7 and 12 years old, of both genders, were evaluated. The control group consisted of 34 children with normal development and the study group consisted of 31 children diagnosed with malnutrition. All children underwent conventional pure tone audiometry, acoustic impedance measurement, dichotic digit test and long latency auditory evoked potentials. RESULTS: The study group presented a statistically significant difference for latencies of the components P1, N1 and P300. The latencies of these components were higher than those of the control group. Concerning the types of alterations found in the study group, increased latency for P1 and P300 and the absence of response in N1 were predominant. The control group showed a statistically significant difference in the amplitude of P300 when compared to the right and left ears. CONCLUSION: Malnourished children present with changes in the long latency auditory evoked potentials, suggesting a deficit in central auditory pathways and alterations in the processing of acoustic information.
Surgical outcome of pharyngeal flap surgery and intravelar veloplasty on the velopharyngeal function
Authors: Barbosa Daniela Aparecida , Scarmagnani Rafaeli Higa , Fukushiro Ana Paula , Trindade Inge Elly Kiemle , Yamashita Renata Paciello
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE: To investigate the postoperative outcomes of pharyngeal flap surgery (PF) and secondary palatoplasty with intravelar veloplasty (IV) in the velopharyngeal insufficiency management regarding nasalance scores and velopharyngeal area. METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with cleft palate±lips submitted to surgical treatment for velopharyngeal insufficiency, for 14 months on an average, were evaluated: 40 with PF and 38 with IV, of both genders, aged between 6 and 52 years old. Hypernasality was estimated by means of nasalance scores obtained by nasometry with a cutoff score of 27%. The measurement of velopharyngeal orifice area was provided by the pressure-flow technique and velopharyngeal closure was classified as: adequate (0.000-0.049 cm2), adequate/borderline (0.050-0.099 cm2), borderline/inadequate (0.100-0.199 cm2), and inadequate (≥0.200 cm2). RESULTS: Absence of hypernasality was observed in 70% of the cases and adequate velopharyngeal closure was observed in 80% of the cases, in the PF group. In the IV group, absence of hypernasality was observed in 34% and adequate velopharyngeal closure was observed in 50% of the patients. Statistically significant differences were obtained between the two techniques for both evaluations. CONCLUSION: PF was more efficient than the secondary palatoplasty with IV to reduce hypernasality and get adequate velopharyngeal closure.
In the Hyphen: Perceptions, Benefits, and Challenges of Social Workers’ Dual Identity as Clinician–Client
Authors: Probst Barbara
Published: February 2014

This study is the first to directly inquire into the experience of clinical social workers who live “in the hyphen,” having received psychiatric diagnoses and/or been in therapy themselves. Rather than inhabiting these roles sequentially as previous studies suggest, many inhabit them simultaneously. Social workers who took part in this qualitative thematic analysis describe the benefits of living in the hyphen, such as greater understanding of client resistance and opportunity to serve as a model of realistic hope, as well as its challenges, including countertransference, retraumatization, and fear of being “outed.” Overall, the experience of “sitting in the other chair” was more important to participants than having a skillful therapist as a role model or sharing a specific diagnostic history with a client, which they cautioned did not offer a shortcut to authentic understanding or formation of a therapeutic alliance.
College Student Childhood Exposure to Parental Loyalty Conflicts
Authors: Baker Amy J. L. , Eichler Amy
Published: February 2014

A total of 157 college students completed an anonymous and confidential survey regarding their childhood exposure to parental loyalty conflict behaviors and to psychological maltreatment. Results revealed high levels of exposure to parental loyalty conflict behaviors. Elevated levels were found in those whose parents were divorced/separated and those who reported that–-regardless of marital status–-their parents’ relationship was very bad. Rates of 19 specific loyalty conflict behaviors were higher in those who reported that one parent tried to turn them against the other parent. Overall rates were associated with exposure to psychological maltreatment. Implications for social service providers are explored.
Effects of curing: comparison of optimised alkali-activated PC-FA-BFS and PC concretes
Authors: Cwirzen Andrzej , Engblom Ronny , Punkki Jouni , Habermehl-Cwirzen Karin
Published: February 2014

The effects of curing on the mechanical properties, chemical composition, microstructure and shrinkage of optimised alkali-activated concretes (AACs) based on ternary mixtures of fly ash (FA), blast-furnace slag (BFS) and Portland cement (PC) were compared. Heat treatment was found to accelerate the early-age strength development of both the PC concrete and the AAC. The long-term strength of AAC was not adversely affected by the heat treatment after 90 d of dry curing. Water curing slightly enhanced the ultimate long-term strength of non-heat-treated AAC specimens but had barely any effect on the heat-treated specimens. Conversely, the dry-cured PC specimens showed a significant decrease in long-term compressive strength. The ultimate drying shrinkage of the PC concrete was lower compared with the AAC, independent of the type of applied curing. In the case of AAC, the drying shrinkage was significantly decreased by the application of heat treatment while water curing did not have any measurable effect. Conversely, the drying shrinkage of AAC cured at ambient temperatures was decreased with the application of water curing. Compared with the PC concrete, the microstructure of the AAC samples was denser and more homogeneous without visible microcracking of the binder matrix. The dominant phases were geopolymer and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gels intermixed with probably sodium and aluminium ions and crystalline inclusions of zeolitic hydroxysodalite. A large amount of unreacted FA and BFS was observed in the hardened binder matrix of the AAC specimens. At the same time, no anhydrous PC was observed, thus indicating its extensive dissolution and contribution to the formation of the modified C-S-H gel.
Performance of hunting statistics as spatiotemporal density indices of moose (Alces alces) in Norway
Authors: Ueno Mayumi , Solberg Erling J. , Iijima Hayato , Rolandsen Christer M. , Gangsei Lars Erik
Published: February 2014

Wildlife managers are often asking for reliable information of population density across larger spatial scales. In this study, we examined the spatiotemporal relationships between moose density as estimated by cohort analysis and the density indices (1) harvest density (HD; hunter kills per km2), (2) moose seen per unit effort (SPUE), seen moose density (SMD; seen moose per km2), and density of moose‐vehicle accidents (MVA density; e.g., traffic kills per km2) in 16 areas in Norway with 13–42 years of data. HD showed a close positive relationship with moose density both within and between regions. However, the temporal variation in HD was best explained as a delayed reflection of moose density and tended to overestimate its growth and decline. Conversely, SMD and SPUE were unable to predict the spatial variation in moose density with high precision, though both indices were relatively precise temporal reflectors of moose density. However, the SPUE tended to underestimate population growth, probably because of a decrease in searching efficiency with increasing moose density. Compared to the other indices, MVA density performed poor as an index of moose density within regions, and not at all among regions, but may, because of its independent source of data, be used to cross‐check population trends suggested by other indices. Our study shows that the temporal trends in moose density can be surveyed over large areas by the use of cheap indices based on data collected by hunters and local managers, and supports the general assumption that the number of moose killed per km2 provides a precise and isometric index of the variation in moose density at the spatial scale of our study.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in a Patient With Asperger’s Disorder: Case Report
Authors: Kosatka Donald , Ona Celia
Published: February 2014

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This case demonstrates the successful use of EMDR for the treatment of PTSD in a patient with Asperger’s disorder and examines potential pitfalls both in detecting and treating PTSD in patients with autism spectrum disorders. Our patient was a 21–year-old female with a diagnosis of Asperger’s disorder and multiple traumas stemming primarily from physical abuse at the hands of her peers in school. Treatment was provided in an accelerated format, being provided 3 days a week for approximately 3 weeks leaving at least 1 day in between sessions. After receiving 8 EMDR sessions, her scores improved on the Posttraumatic Checklist with effects maintained at 8-month follow-up.
A comparative study of single factor and multivariate statistical methods for surface water quality assessment
Authors: Kong Yanlong , Pang Zhonghe , Wu Chunyong , Jing Miao
Published: February 2014

Water quality assessment is an essential part of water resources management. Different methods, including the single factor (SF) method and multivariate analysis, employed in assessing water quality can give different results. In this study, SF methods and multivariate analysis – including discriminant analysis (DA) and the distance function model (DFM) – were used to assess the water quality of Xinlicheng Reservoir in Northeast China, and the advantages and disadvantages for each method are demonstrated. Results from the SF method show water quality to be Class 4, while results from the DA and DFM methods show it to be Class 3, according to the Surface Water Standard in China. The concentration of total nitrogen is most polluted amongst all the evaluating factors (as a result of human activities), leading to a Class 4 result with the SF method. The alteration of an individual factor has little impact on the results of the DA and DFM methods, since they integrate the features of the all of the evaluating factors. Because anthropogenic pollution generally alters only a few evaluating factors, DA and the DFM are more useful for polluted water quality assessment than SF is. But DA and DFM methods should be used with sufficient consideration of their mathematical requirements to prevent misinterpretation of the results.
Comparison of small-scale providers' and utility performance in urban water supply: the case of Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Bhatt Jigar
Published: February 2014

Following independence from colonial rule, African governments struggled to cope with the legacy of fragmented water services and new demands of peri-urban population growth. Privatization was presented as a panacea that would expand and improve water supply. Small-scale independent water providers (SSPs) were meanwhile often the only actors ensuring that services were available to the peri-urban poor. Nonetheless, they were ignored and even vilified in ‘pro-poor’ strategies of water supply reform. Recent studies have actually demonstrated the important role SSPs play in serving the poor in African cities, however, substantial knowledge gaps remain. This study of SSP activities in Maputo, Mozambique provides rigorous empirical evidence about the performance of fully private SSPs vis-à-vis a privatized utility at both the provider and household level. The findings belie long-held notions of informal water provision as inferior and inefficient and formal sector privatization as the preferred strategy for reaching the poor. Improving water supply in African cities requires an understanding of the specific advantages of provider-types and avoiding universal cures.
Energy recovery in the water industry using micro-hydropower: an opportunity to improve sustainability
Authors: McNabola Aonghus , Coughlan Paul , Corcoran Lucy , Power Christine , Prysor Williams A. , Harris Ian , Gallagher John , Styles David
Published: February 2014

The water industry as a whole consumes a considerable amount of energy in the treatment and distribution of water and wastewater. Like all sectors of society today, the industry is focusing efforts on reducing its CO2 emissions and improving the sustainability of its systems and practices. One way of achieving this is through the use of micro-hydropower (MHP) installations in water infrastructure for energy recovery purposes. This paper presents a review of energy use and CO2 emissions in the water industry as well as highlighting the opportunities and challenges for MHP energy recovery. The results indicate that significant potential exists for energy recovery in the water industry. However, many previous investigations have not considered key complexities such as variations in flows or turbine efficiency. Similarly, accurate costing and return on investment data are often absent or lacking sensitivity analysis. Further research is required to address the risks and long-term reliability of installations, alongside the development of firm policy to direct and incentivise sustainability gains in this area.
Identification of the Factors Responsible for the Interaction of Hsp90α and its Client Proteins
Authors: Shukla Ashutosh , Paul Subhankar
Published: February 2014

Hsp90α is a stress protein that acts as a molecular chaperone and is known to assist in the maturation, folding
and stabilization of various cellular proteins known as ‘client proteins’. However, the factors that drive the interaction between
Hsp90α and its client proteins are not well understood. In the present investigation, we predicted the basis of the
different interaction of Hsp90α with both wild and mutant p53 and other client proteins. We have predicted that the presence
of hydrophobic patches having substantial value of hydropathy index and a minimum percent similarity of hydrophobic
patches between Hsp90α and its client proteins of 40 % is a necessary condition for client proteins to be recognized
by Hsp90α. We also predicted that the overall percentage hydrophobicity of client proteins more than 20 is a required
condition for them to bind with Hsp90α. The docking energy of p53 with Hsp90α and with multi-chaperone complex
was also separately reported. We have reported from docking result that mutant p53 has a stronger interaction with
Hsp90 when associated with multi-chaperone complex than wild type p53 and this might be one of the causes of breast
cancer pathogenesis.
Effect of Evaporation on the Shelf Life of a Universal Adhesive
Authors: Pongprueksa P , Miletic V , De Munck J , Brooks NR , Meersman F , Nies E , Van Meerbeek B , Van Landuyt KL
Published: February 2014

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how evaporation affects the shelf life of a one-bottle universal adhesive.

Methods

Three different versions of Scotchbond Universal (SBU, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) were prepared using a weight-loss technique. SBU0 was left open to the air until maximal weight loss was obtained, whereas SBU50 was left open until 50% of evaporation occurred. In contrast, SBU100 was kept closed and was assumed to contain the maximum concentration of all ingredients. The degree of conversion (DC) was determined by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on different substrates (on dentin or glass plate and mixed with dentin powder); ultimate microtensile strength and microtensile bond strength to dentin were measured as well.

Results

DC of the 100% solvent-containing adhesive (SBU100) was higher than that of the 50% (SBU50) and 0% (SBU0) solvent-containing adhesives for all substrates. DC of the adhesive applied onto glass and dehydrated dentin was higher than that applied onto dentin. Even though the ultimate microtensile strength of SBU0 was much higher than that of SBU50 and SBU100, its bond strength to dentin was significantly lower.

Conclusions

Evaporation of adhesive ingredients may jeopardize the shelf life of a one-bottle universal system by reducing the degree of conversion and impairing bond strength. However, negative effects only became evident after more than 50% evaporation.
Again, Knowledge of Common Source Fails to Promote Visual-Haptic Integration
Authors: Misceo Giovanni F. , Jackson Sarju V. S. , Perdue Jessica R.
Published: February 2014

The present study tested whether knowledge of a common source of conflicting visual-haptic stimulation promotes intersensory integration. 40 undergraduates manually felt the size of a square while viewing it through a lens that minified its visual size by half. Participants, however, could experience the haptic and the visual stimulation as emanating from either a common source or different sources. Their subsequent matches of the perceived size were biased by the felt size of the square, irrespective of whether they experienced the intersensory stimulation as coming from one or two sources. These results strengthen previous findings suggesting that the integration of sensory discordant information depends on bottom-up rather than on top-down processes.
Drive Theory and Home Run Milestones in Baseball: An Historical Analysis
Authors: Goldschmied Nadav , Harris Michael , Vira Damien , Kowalczyk Jason
Published: February 2014

The purpose of this investigation was to test whether the performance of the home run hitters in Major League Baseball adhered to predictions of Drive Theory. 24 baseball players who have hit at least 505 home runs were included in the sample. Their performance was assessed around the time in which they reached a significant home run career milestone, operationalized as either 500 or 600 home runs, or surpassing the league's home run record. As predicted, the players were found to require significantly more at-bats to complete the 5 home runs before the milestone, when stress was assumed to be mounting, than the 5 home runs after the milestone. In contrast, those players who reached the personal landmark from 1988 (the suspected commencement of the so-called “Steroid Era”) onwards required the same number of at-bats before and after the milestone.
Obstetric Fistula in the Developing World: An Agonising Tragedy
Authors: Dangal G , Thapa K , Yangzom K , Karki A
Published: February 2014

Obstetric fistulae is the most tragic of preventable childbirth complications in the developing world, as affected women are often abandoned by their husbands and family, and forced to live in shame. They occur almost entirely in the developing world and their incidence is poorly studied. Their management requires accurate diagnosis, sufficient pre-operative work-up, fine surgery following standard surgical repair steps and principles by skilled surgeons, specialised post-op care, and follow-up. As obstetric fistula is a serious preventable public health issue in developing countries, national and international organizations should launch a campaign to end fistula by increasing the resources and skilled staff available locally to treat obstetric fistula for improving the lives of women currently living with this condition. Moreover, effective preventive strategies for obstetric fistula such as better education to women and provision of improved obstetric care and searching for the best approaches to both prevention and treatment should be the priority. The materials published in PubMed, Lancet, Medline, WHO and Google Scholar web pages from 1990 to 2013 have been utilized to prepare this paper.Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 8 / No. 2 / Issue 16 / July-Dec, 2013 / 5-15 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v8i2.9759
Use of Oral Misoprostol for the Treatment of Incomplete Abortion
Authors: Kayastha S , Tuladhar H , Gurung S , Jaishe S
Published: February 2014

Aims: This study was done to assess the feasibility and acceptability of use of Misoprostol 600 mcg orally for treatment of incomplete abortion. Methods: A hospital based prospective study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital from 1st November 2010 to 30th May 2013. All cases of first trimester incomplete abortion diagnosed clinically or by ultrasonogram were included in the study. They were given 600 mcg of Misoprostol orally. They were sent home, with advice to come for follow up after one week. Routine Ultrasound was carried out on follow up visit to confirm complete abortion. The side effects, complications and patient satisfaction was assessed and recorded. Results: Out of 86 patients, 8.1% (7) had to undergo surgical evacuation. So the success rate was 91.9% (79 cases). All the cases which needed evacuation were of higher gestation, that is, nine weeks or more. The commonest side effect was severe abdominal pain (81.4%). Three cases required emergency surgical evacuation within 24 hours due heavy bleeding.Conclusions: It is feasible and acceptable to use Misoprostol orally for medical evacuation, especially in earlier gestation of first trimester incomplete abortion. Side effects were common but were acceptable and tolerable by the patients. Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 8 / No. 2 / Issue 16 / July-Dec, 2013 / 30-33 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v8i2.9766
Comparison of Fatigue Characteristics of some Selected Materials
Authors: Kurek Marta , Lagoda Tadeusz , Katzy Damian
Published: February 2014

The paper presents a comparison of fatigue characteristics of twenty selected materials. The compared models were proposed by Wöhler, Basquin, Stromeyer, Corson, and Bastenaire. The determination coefficient was calculated for each material in order to define the best fitting to the empirical data. After analysis authors evaluated which characteristics best describes the course of the destruction of the specimens during fatigue tests.
Effects of Pouring Distance and Holding Time on the Thixotropic Microstructure of A357 Alloy
Authors: Ozer Melika , Kocatepe Kadir , Erdogan Mehmet
Published: February 2014

Cooling slope casting process is one of the methods used to produce feedstock material having non-dendritic structure for thixocasting of A357 aluminum alloy. In the present work, the effect of various pouring distances of cooling slope on the microstructure of A357 aluminum alloy was investigated. For this purpose, the molten metal at 630 °C superheat temperature was poured on the surface of water-cooled slope. Reheating of feedstock ingots at a temperature of 572 °C with various holding times was also performed to achieve a spheroidal microstructure. Experimental results showed that optimum spheroidal microstructure of thixocasted A357 ingots having a cell size of 45 μm and a shape factor of 0.60 of primary Al were obtained when a pouring distance of 350 mm on the cooling slope is used. A holding time of 5 min at 572 °C reheating temperature of feedstock ingots with 350 mm pouring distance provided optimum thixotropic properties.
Effect of Boronizing and Shot Peening on the Fatigue Properties of an Iron Based FeCu-Graphite P/M Material
Authors: Yilmaz Selim Sarper , Ünlü Bekir Sadık , Kurgan Naci , Varol Remzi
Published: February 2014

Iron based materials manufactured by powder metallurgy (P/M) method are widely used in industry. These materials are very important in applications where no machining is required, they can also be used as journal bearing material due to their self-lubricated property, and can be used for applications in the medical industry. In this study, powder metal parts were manufactured from composites based on FeCu-graphite by P/M method. Fatigue test was carried out on manufactured samples, which were only treated by boronizing or boronizing and shot peeing. The fatigue properties of these parts were investigated by a rotating bending fatigue test rig.