bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence and Other Pelvic Floor-Related Symptoms in Female Professional Dancers
Authors: Winder Brooke , Lindegren Kari , Blackmon Amanda
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common issue in female athletes and is known to negatively impact quality of life and sport performance. However, the prevalence of UI in dancers has not been widely investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of UI as well as other symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction in female professional dancers.

Methods:

An anonymous online survey that included the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF) was developed and distributed via e-mail and social media. Two hundred and eight female professional dancers between the ages of 18 and 41 years (mean: 25.4 ± 5.2 years) who had a typical dance training and performance schedule of 25 hours or more per week completed the survey.

Results:

A total of 34.6% of participants reported experiencing UI, with 31.9% of the dancers who reported UI reporting symptoms consistent with urge UI, 52.8% reporting UI with coughing or sneezing, and 54.2% reporting UI with physical activity or exercise. For those reporting UI, the mean ICIQ-UI SF score was 5.4 ± 2.5 points and the mean score for impact on everyday life was 2.9 ± 1.9. A report of pain with sexual activity and intercourse was significantly associated with presence of UI (p = 0.024), but the effect size was not notable (phi = 0.159).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of UI in female professional dancers is similar to that found in other high-level female athletes. Based on the notable prevalence of UI, health care professionals working with professional dancers should consider regularly screening for UI and other symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction.
Falaj Indigenous knowledge in Oman and Iran
Authors: Saif Al-Ghafri Abdullah , Labbaf Khaneiki Majid , Al Saqri Nasser A , Al-Kindi Khalifa M
Published: May 2023

Both Oman and Iran possess a harsh environment where people’s survival and development entail a deep knowledge about their surroundings. A considerable part of this knowledge has crystallized around the falaj, a hydraulic technique that transfers water from a groundwater source or seasonal runoffs to cultivated lands, in Omani and Iranian oases, that has historically served as the only water source in an otherwise barren arid land. This article argues that the spatial extent of the falaj confronts local communities with a variety of questions to be solved. This article also tries to answer how the falaj system contributed to the development of modern sciences in a broader context. The article concludes that a transition from Indigenous knowledge to modern sciences has changed the position of local communities from coexistence to over-exploitation in terms of their water resources, and this transition can explain their current water problems.
The Efficacy of Pretreatment 18F-FDG PET-CT-Based Deep Learning Network Structure to Predict Survival in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Long Zi-chan , Ding Xing-chen , Zhang Xian-bin , Shui-Yu  , Zheng-Fu  , sun Peng-peng , Hao Fu-rong , Li Zi-rong , Hu Man
Published: May 2023

Background:

Previous studies have shown that the 5-year survival rates of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were still not ideal despite great improvement in NPC treatments. To achieve individualized treatment of NPC, we have been looking for novel models to predict the prognosis of patients with NPC. The objective of this study was to use a novel deep learning network structural model to predict the prognosis of patients with NPC and to compare it with the traditional PET-CT model combining metabolic parameters and clinical factors.

Methods:

A total of 173 patients were admitted to 2 institutions between July 2014 and April 2020 for the retrospective study; each received a PET-CT scan before treatment. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was employed to select some features, including SUVpeak-P, T3, age, stage II, MTV-P, N1, stage III and pathological type, which were associated with overall survival (OS) of patients. We constructed 2 survival prediction models: an improved optimized adaptive multimodal task (a 3D Coordinate Attention Convolutional Autoencoder and an uncertainty-based jointly Optimizing Cox Model, CACA-UOCM for short) and a clinical model. The predictive power of these models was assessed using the Harrell Consistency Index (C index). Overall survival of patients with NPC was compared by Kaplan–Meier and Log-rank tests.

Results:

The results showed that CACA-UOCM model could estimate OS (C index, 0.779 for training, 0.774 for validation, and 0.819 for testing) and divide patients into low and high mortality risk groups, which were significantly associated with OS ( P < .001). However, the C-index of the model based only on clinical variables was only 0.42.

Conclusions:

The deep learning network model based on 18F-FDG PET/CT can serve as a reliable and powerful predictive tool for NPC and provide therapeutic strategies for individual treatment.
L2 activation during L1 processing is increased by exposure but decreased by proficiency
Authors: Berghoff Robyn , Bylund Emanuel
Published: May 2023

Aims:

The study investigates the effects of L2 proficiency and L2 exposure on L2-to-L1 cross-language activation (CLA) in L1-dominant bilinguals. In so doing, it tests the predictions made by prominent models of the bilingual lexicon regarding how language experience modulates CLA.

Design:

The participants (27 L1-dominant L1 English–L2 Afrikaans speakers) completed a visual world eye-tracking task, conducted entirely in English, in which they saw four objects on a screen: a target object, which they were instructed to click on; a competitor object, whose Afrikaans label overlapped phonetically at onset with the English target object label; and two unrelated distractors. Language background data were collected using the Language History Questionnaire 3.0.

Analysis:

A growth curve analysis was performed to investigate the extent to which the background variables modulated looks to the Afrikaans competitor item versus to the two unrelated distractor items.

Findings:

Increased L2 exposure was associated with greater CLA, which is consistent with models suggesting that exposure modulates the likelihood and speed with which a linguistic item becomes activated. Moreover, CLA was reduced at higher levels of L2 proficiency, which aligns with accounts of the bilingual lexicon positing that parasitism of the L2 on the L1 is reduced at higher proficiency levels, leading to reduced CLA.

Originality:

L2 activation during L1 processing and the variables that modulate it are not well documented, particularly among L1 speakers with limited proficiency in and exposure to the L2.

Significance:

The findings contribute to the evaluation of competing accounts of bilingual lexical organization.
Random analysis of train-bridge coupled system under non-uniform ground motion
Authors: Zhao Han , Wei Biao , Guo Peidong , Tan Jincheng , Xiang Ping , Jiang Lizhong , Fu Wenchu , Liu Xiang
Published: May 2023

The increasing prevalence of simply supported bridges in high-speed railway (HSR) lines has raised concerns about the safety of trains crossing these bridges during an earthquake. As these bridges are typically continuous and long, it is essential to consider the effects of traveling seismic waves on the random vibration of the train-bridge coupled (TBC) system. To address this issue, the new point estimate method (NPEM) is used to analyze the dynamic response and parametric sensitivity of a three-dimensional TBC system subjected to non-uniform ground motion with multiple random parameters. The motion equations of the TBC system are derived using bridge seismic theory under multi-support excitations. The analysis incorporates random variables such as the damping ratio, density, Young’s modulus, and seismic magnitude to capture the influence of traveling seismic waves on the random vibration of the TBC system. Simulation results show that the traveling seismic wave effect can cause changes in the first vibration frequencies of the train and bridge, potentially leading to the first few frequencies reordering. Additionally, considering the traveling wave effect will make the TBC system’s response less apparent than without considering the traveling wave effect. The uncertainty of bridge and seismic parameters can seriously affect the train’s running safety. The sensitivity of the bridge density and seismic magnitude is particularly prominent for bridge responses when the traveling seismic waves effect is strong. This methodology can be used for random and sensitivity analysis of a train running over a long bridge under non-uniform earthquake conditions. Overall, the NPEM can provide valuable insights into the dynamic behavior and safety of TBC systems, enabling more effective design and maintenance of HSR bridges.
Digitally mediated code-switching in transnational families in Australia: Fathers and children
Authors: Romanowski Piotr
Published: May 2023

The article focuses on Polish-speaking families residing in Australia and their digitally mediated communication practices. Against the backdrop of social changes influencing family roles, a new father–child relationship characterised by presence and active involvement in a child’s life has recently transpired. As the fathers’ role in minority language transmission has not been given much prominence in research, this article offers novel insights into how Polish fathers endeavour to maintain Polish through digitally mediated communication. Research on digital practices in the context of code-switching (CS) has been scant, despite the fact that everyday reality of transnational multilingual families has been permeated by technology. With this article, I aim to touch upon the themes situated at the intersection of transnationalism, family multilingualism, language transmission, as well as new media and their role in contemporary communication practices. Six excerpts containing examples of CS practices among three different families, where instant messaging via Messenger has been adopted to maintain Polish will be scrutinised.
European Criminology needs European Data: The case for a pan-European crime and victimization survey
Authors: Bijleveld Catrien
Published: May 2023

While European criminology is flourishing, we are faced with insufficient pan-European data. The European Sourcebook provides regular synchronized criminal justice system statistics, but data on crime incidence are patchy at best. Ever fewer countries conduct victimization surveys, and the data that such surveys provide are incomparable across countries because of methodological differences. It is argued that European criminology needs a survey, regularly held, in all European countries, that assesses crime incidence. While a victim survey would be the standard tool for this, perpetration questions could easily be attached to improve estimates. Additional questions would enable us to also assess whether EU victims’ rights are delivered in practice.
Effect of the Educational Intervention on the Balance of Diabetic Foot Amputees: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Toygar İsmail , Suçeken Sevda , Eti Aslan Fatma , Çelebi Mehmet Emin , Batar Suat
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational intervention on the balance of diabetic foot amputees. There were 2 groups and 60 patients (30 in each group) in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups using block randomization to provide equal distribution of the minor and major amputations in groups. An education program was prepared in line with Bandura's Social Cognitive Learning theory. Education was administered to the intervention group before the amputation. Three days after the education, the patients’ balance was examined using Berg Balance Scale (BBS). There were not any statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the sociodemographic and disease-related characteristics except for marital status ( P = .038). The mean BBS scores were 31.4 ± 17.6 for the intervention group and 20.3 ± 17.8 for the control group. We demonstrated that the intervention lowered fall risk after minor ( P = .045) but not major amputation ( P = .067). We recommend using education for the patients who will undergo amputation and further studies in larger and different populations.
Researchers With Benefits? Methodological and Ethical Challenges and Possibilities in Sexuality Research Within Marginalised Populations
Authors: Bahner Julia , Lindroth Malin
Published: May 2023

While the qualitative research interview can be a relevant and effective method, it can also be highly demanding for both the researcher and the participant. In this paper we analyse the methodological and ethical challenges that can arise for sexuality researchers who conduct interviews with members of marginalised communities. We thereby aim to open a discussion and contribute with knowledge that we ourselves missed as doctoral students – and still do as researchers – and which we therefore hope can be used in education as well as in continuous reflexive discussions among scholars conducting sexuality research in general – and in particular with individuals belonging to marginalised populations. We revisited our separate previous studies and made a joint re-analysis of our interview processes in three different projects conducted in Sweden between 2011 and 2021. Participants in the three studies were people with disability/chronic illness, transgender and non-binary gendered people and incarcerated young people in secure state care. We argue that the qualitative research interview can be seen and used by interviewees as an opportunity for advice and emotional support and that the methodology can bring added therapeutic value to participants whose sexual health needs have been previously ignored or denied. The researcher should therefore be prepared to share whatever sexuality-related knowledge or support the interviewee seeks – anything else would be unethical. Essentially, this concerns the very fundamental reason why we are doing research in the first place: to contribute to new knowledge on sexuality and thereby greater possibilities for the realisation of the sexual health and rights of persons belonging to marginalised communities – but without this happening in a way that jeopardises interviewees’ well-being. We therefore suggest that qualitative interviewing on sexuality requires systematic preparative work with reflexivity on how to balance research ethics, professional conduct and academic rigour.
“My supervisors first check school cleanliness”: Factors inhibiting instructional leadership practices in Northern Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Nawab Ali , Noor Tooba
Published: May 2023

Amid the growing concerns of educational stakeholders about the academic achievements of students, educational literature, especially coming from the developed context, portrays instructional leadership as a desirable model with the potential to contribute to the improved capacity of teachers, ultimately leading to enhanced student achievements. However, research shows that school leadership is context-dependent, and different contexts and cultures differently influence the enactment of instructional leadership. Against this background, the current study explored the factors inhibiting instructional leadership practices in the developing world, taking Pakistan as a case. The research used a qualitative approach and case study method concentrating on the phenomenon of instructional leadership in a semi-government school in the context of Northern Sindh, Pakistan. Considering the area under investigation, the school manager and principal were purposefully selected as the research participants. Ten teachers were also consulted to enrich and triangulate data. The school leaders (manager and principal) were interviewed individually using semi-structured interviews, whereas the teachers were interviewed in groups. The emerging data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed that the school leaders’ instructional leadership practices were mainly inhibited by their partial understanding of their responsibilities, limited exposure to capacity building opportunities, teachers’ attitudes, and a communication gap between the school and the upper management responsible for overseeing the academic activities of the school. The paper argues that unless these influential factors are considered by policy makers and educational leaders, it is very unlikely for the school leaders to exercise instructional leadership in this part of the world.
A scoping review to inform an auditing framework evaluating healthcare environments for inclusion of people with intellectual disability and/or autism
Authors: Kersten Michelle , Wilson Nathan John , Pracilio Amy , Howie Virginia , Trollor Julian , Buckley Thomas , Morphet Julia , Bryce Julianne , Griffin Ken , Cashin Andrew
Published: May 2023

People with intellectual disability and/or autism are likely to be in hospital more often, for longer, and have poorer health outcomes. Few audit tools exist to identify their barriers in mainstream healthcare environments. This study aimed to identify evidence of audit characteristics of healthcare contexts specifically for people with intellectual disability and/or autism, for conceptual development of an auditing framework. A scoping review of evaluations of healthcare environments was completed in January 2023. Findings were presented using the PAGER framework. Of the sixteen studies identified, most originated in the UK, nine focused on intellectual disability, four on autism, and three were concerned with mixed diagnosis. Six domains for auditing healthcare environments were identified: care imperatives, communication to individuals, understanding communication from individuals, providing supportive environments of care, supporting positive behaviour, and actions to make things go well. Further research is recommended to refine an audit framework.
Predictors of poor clinical outcomes including in-hospital death and low ability to perform activities of daily living at discharge in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation
Authors: Murakami Yurina , Yasui Hideki , Sato Jun , Uto Tomohiro , Inui Naoki , Suda Takafumi , Imokawa Shiro
Published: May 2023

Background:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Many patients with COPD experience exacerbations that require hospitalization, which is associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death and impaired ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL). Declining ability to perform ADL is a critical issue for these patients.

Objectives:

To identify predictors of poor clinical outcomes, including in-hospital death and low ability to perform ADL at discharge, in patients who are hospitalized with exacerbation of COPD.

Design:

This retrospective study involved a cohort of patients with exacerbation of COPD who were admitted to Iwata City Hospital in Japan between July 2015 and October 2019.

Methods:

We collected clinical data, measured the cross-sectional area of the erector spinae muscles (ESMCSA) on computed tomography (CT) scans at admission, and investigated the associations of poor clinical outcomes (in-hospital death and severe dependence when performing ADL, defined as a Barthel Index (BI) of ⩽40 at discharge) with clinical parameters.

Results:

Overall, 207 patients were hospitalized for exacerbation of COPD during the study period. The incidence of poor clinical outcomes was 21.3%, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 6.3%. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that older age, long-term oxygen therapy, an elevated D-dimer concentration, and a reduced ESMCSA on chest CT at admission were significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes (in-hospital death and a BI of ⩽40).

Conclusion:

Hospitalization for exacerbation of COPD was associated with high rates of in-hospital mortality and a BI of ⩽40 at discharge, which may be predicted by assessment of ESMCSA.
Augmentation of Docetaxel-Induced Cytotoxicity in Human PC-3 Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Cells by Combination With Four Natural Apoptosis-Inducing Anticancer Compounds
Authors: Ahmed Inass A , Hafiz Saly , van Ginkel Sabrina , Pondugula Satyanarayana R , Abdelhaffez Azza S , Sayyed Hayam G , Abd El-Aziz Ebtihal A , Mansour Mahmoud M
Published: May 2023

Docetaxel (DTX) is the treatment of choice for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, developing drug resistance is a significant challenge for achieving effective therapy. This study evaluated the anticancer and synergistic effects on DTX of four natural compounds (calebin A, 3′-hydroxypterostilbene, hispolon, and tetrahydrocurcumin) using PC-3 androgen-resistant human prostate cancer cells. We utilized the CellTiter-Glo® luminescent cell viability assay and human PC-3 androgen-independent prostate cancer cells to determine the antiproliferative effects of the four compounds alone and combined with DTX. Cytotoxicity to normal human prostate epithelial cells was tested in parallel using normal immortalized human prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1). We used cell imaging and quantitative caspase-3 activity to determine whether these compounds induce apoptosis. We also measured the capacity of each drug to inhibit TNF-α-induced NF-kB using a colorimetric assay. Our results showed that all four natural compounds significantly augmented the toxicity of DTX to androgen-resistant PC-3 prostate cancer cells at IC50. Interestingly, when used alone, each of the four compounds had a higher cytotoxic activity to PC-3 than DTX. Mechanistically, these compounds induced apoptosis, which we confirmed by cell imaging and caspase-3 colorimetric assays. Further, when used either alone or combined with DTX, the four test compounds inhibited TNF-α-induced NF-kB production. More significantly, the cytotoxic effects on normal immortalized human prostate epithelial cells were minimal and non-significant, suggesting prostate cancer-specific effects. In conclusion, the combination of DTX with the four test compounds could effectively enhance the anti-prostate cancer activity of DTX. This combination has the added value of reducing the DTX effective concentration. We surmise that calebin A, 3′-hydroxypterostilbene, hispolon, and tetrahydrocurcumin were all excellent drug candidates that produced significant antiproliferative activity when used alone and synergistically enhanced the anticancer effect of DTX. Further in vivo studies using animal models of prostate cancer are needed to confirm our in vitro findings.
Development of phonologically-balanced and perceptually equivalent Singapore Mandarin word lists for word recognition test
Authors: Soh Kimberly Wanxian , Loo Jenny Hooi Yin
Published: May 2023

Background

Word recognition tests must be conducted in the native language of the listener to obtain valid word recognition scores. Existing Singapore Mandarin speech audiometry test materials that are disyllabic lack in sensitivity and are not phonologically balanced.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to address those limitations and develop a set of word lists for testing speakers of Singapore Mandarin.

Methods

The word lists were developed over three phases. (1) Frequently occurring words were chosen from a database consisting of subtitles from local Mandarin programmes, and subjected to familiarity rating by 50 native Singapore Mandarin speakers. (2) Phonologically balanced word lists were created and professionally recorded using words rated as familiar in phase 1. (3) Psychometric curves of words were obtained from 20 normal-hearing native speakers and word lists were analysed for perceptual equivalence.

Results

Sixteen phonologically balanced word lists consisting of 25 monosyllables each were created in phase 2. Eight of the 16 lists were found to be perceptually equivalent.

Conclusion

Word lists developed in this study addressed the limitations of existing Singapore Mandarin speech audiometry materials. The word lists need to be validated with normal-hearing and hearing-impaired Singapore Mandarin speakers before they can be used clinically.
Comparison of extracellular vesicle isolation processes for therapeutic applications
Authors: Williams Soraya , Fernandez-Rhodes Maria , Law Alice , Peacock Ben , Lewis Mark P. , Davies Owen G.
Published: May 2023

While extracellular vesicles (EVs) continue to gain interest for therapeutic applications, their clinical translation is limited by a lack of optimal isolation methods. We sought to determine how universally applied isolation methods impact EV purity and yield. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation (UC), polyethylene glycol precipitation, Total Exosome Isolation Reagent, an aqueous two-phase system with and without repeat washes or size exclusion chromatography (SEC). EV-like particles could be detected for all isolation methods but varied in their purity and relative expression of surface markers (Alix, Annexin A2, CD9, CD63 and CD81). Assessments of sample purity were dependent on the specificity of characterisation method applied, with total particle counts and particle to protein (PtP) ratios often not aligning with quantitative measures of tetraspanin surface markers obtained using high-resolution nano-flow cytometry. While SEC resulted in the isolation of fewer particles with a relatively low PtP ratio (1.12 × 107 ± 1.43 × 106 vs highest recorded; ATPS/R 2.01 × 108 ± 1.15 × 109, p ⩽ 0.05), EVs isolated using this method displayed a comparatively high level of tetraspanin positivity (e.g. ExoELISA CD63⁺ particles; 1.36 × 1011  ± 1.18 × 1010 vs ATPS/R 2.58 × 1010  ± 1.92 × 109, p ⩽ 0.001). Results originating from an accompanying survey designed to evaluate pragmatic considerations surrounding method implementation (e.g. scalability and cost) identified that SEC and UC were favoured for overall efficiency. However, reservations were highlighted in the scalability of these methods, which could potentially hinder downstream therapeutic applications. In conclusion, variations in sample purity and yield were evident between isolation methods, while standard non-specific assessments of sample purity did not align with advanced quantitative high-resolution analysis of EV surface markers. Reproducible and specific assessments of EV purity will be critical for informing therapeutic studies.
A case study on peer relationships between children with and without autism spectrum disorder in a Chinese inclusive kindergarten
Authors: Xie Zhengli , Deng Meng , Yuan Jingyu
Published: May 2023

The development of sustainable early childhood education advocates for the holistic development of all children, including children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As an important indicator of children’s social development, peer relationships between children with and without ASD in inclusive kindergarten have not gained much attention. Adopting peer nomination, semi-structured interviews, and participant observations, this study described peer relationships between the two types of children in a Chinese inclusive kindergarten and explored its influential factors. Fourteen children with ASD, 12 children without ASD, 4 teachers, the principal of the kindergarten, and 4 parents of children with ASD participated in this study. The results indicated three types of peer relationships: rejected, neglected, and average. ASD children’s emotional and behavioral challenges, their limited social interaction skills, and teachers’ positive feedback on children with ASD were the major reasons for being labeled the above three types respectively. Furthermore, three protective factors (the rule of child pairing in the kindergarten, innovative curriculum and instructional design, and assistance from parents of ASD children) and three hindering factors (hierarchical roles of the children, the dominance of the medical model, and lack of professional knowledge and skills) of children’s peer relationships were identified. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse presenting with optic nerve infiltration
Authors: Dini Gianluca , Capolsini Ilaria , Cerri Carla , Massei Maria Speranza , Mastrodicasa Elena , Perruccio Katia , Gorello Paolo , Caniglia Maurizio , Verrotti Alberto , Arcioni Francesco
Published: May 2023

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common childhood malignancy. Despite many advances in therapy, about 15%–20% of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia experience a disease relapse. Isolated ocular relapse is relatively rare. A 14-year-old male with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission presented with sudden onset of right eye pain and visual acuity impairment. Fundoscopic examination of the eye and magnetic resonance imaging of the orbits were consistent with optic nerve infiltration. The patient was treated with salvage chemotherapy, orbital radiation and eventual bone marrow transplantation, with notable improvement in vision and regression of retinal and optic nerve findings. Optic nerve infiltration represents an ophthalmic emergency and requires urgent management. The use of radiation therapy is a helpful adjunct with systemic chemotherapy in obtaining disease remission.
Castleman’s disease: A report of two cases at a tertiary hospital in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Mremi Alex , Ndale Eliasa , Stephen Leonard , Mkwizu Elifuraha , Kilonzo Kajiru
Published: May 2023

Castleman’s disease is a rare lympho-proliferative disease entity characterized by variable clinical presentations, distinctive histological manifestations, and prognosis. Its incidence and etiology are unclear. An interplay of HIV and human herpesvirus-8 has been implicated. Although its localized variety is benign, other types can be multifocal with adverse systemic manifestations. Human herpesvirus-8 Castleman’s disease affects mainly HIV-positive individuals; however, individuals who are immunocompromised from other causes can also be affected, thus necessitating investigations for HIV. Herein, we report two patients presenting with long-standing lymphadenopathy. Histopathology, immunohistochemical testing and clinico-pathological correlation confirmed the diagnosis of Castleman’s disease. The patients were successfully treated with surgery and/or rituximab. They were symptoms free in the subsequent follow-up visits. A brief review of the literature is also provided.
Case report—wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis in a patient with chronic spontaneous urticaria: A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Kulumbegov Bidzina , Gotua Maia
Published: May 2023

Wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis is a rare but severe form of anaphylaxis that occurs after consuming wheat products and engaging in physical activity. A case study of a 30-year-old woman suffering from chronic urticaria for the last 5 years highlights the difficulty in diagnosing this condition, as specific triggers were not identified. A diagnostic study called MADx revealed a positive analysis for omega-5-gliadin, leading to a diagnosis of wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Delayed diagnosis is a common issue, and it can be challenging to distinguish wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis from other conditions with similar symptoms. The treatment involves avoiding wheat products and always carrying an epinephrine auto-injector. When evaluating patients with similar symptoms, healthcare providers should include wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis in their differential diagnosis. Patients should be educated about the symptoms, triggers, and management to seek immediate medical attention in an emergency.
Monitoring physical impact and recovery of pancreatic cancer treatment using consumer wearable health data: A case report
Authors: van der Schans Cees P , van der Schans Simon , van der Schans Jurjen , Mylius Caspar , Klaase Joost
Published: May 2023

Consumer wearables health data may reflect the impact of pancreatic cancer and its treatment on cardiorespiratory fitness and the subsequent recovery after treatment. The patient is a 65-year-old male treated for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. Treatment consisted of four courses of FOLFIRINOX neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a Whipple procedure with a right hemicolectomy and venous segment resection, and eight courses of adjuvant FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy. Physical activity and moderate to vigorous physical activity declined after the onset of symptoms, increased in the weeks before surgery, declined after surgery and then gradually recovered during and after adjuvant chemotherapy. Estimated VO2max remained stable during neoadjuvant chemotherapy, sharply decreased after surgery and then gradually recovered. Heart rate at rest increased and heart rate variability decreased after the onset of symptoms reaching their highest and lowest values after surgery. Both gradually returned to baseline seven months after the last course of chemotherapy. The physical impact of pancreatic cancer and its treatment and recovery was in this case reflected on consumer wearable health data. Seven months after the last chemotherapy recovery was close to baseline values.
Multiplicity, diversity and individualization behind shuttlecock play: Chinese sportsmen’s masculinities in today’s China
Authors: Tsang Ling Tung
Published: May 2023

With sport becoming increasingly mediatized in the global arena that further criss-crosses with the promotion of globalization and Western discourses surrounding manhood and identities, there has been, in contemporary China, a rise of alternate theorizations of masculinities that deviate from hegemonic masculine practices surrounding ‘wen’ (文) and ‘wu’ (武) as well as Maoist ideologies. While such accounts, focusing on demonstrating individuality and individualization, cultivating entrepreneurial spirit and possessing wealth, career success and conspicuous consumption, advocate for a greater understanding of masculinities that call for the diversity and fluidity of Chinese gender roles and male identities, there has also been a revival of traditional masculine ideologies associated with the Chinese Dream, a doctrine established and conveyed by President Xi Jinping, which seeks to highlight China’s quest for modernization and national power while placing ‘wu’ masculine values and culture at the forefront of its agenda. Against such a backdrop, this article, drawing on interviews with and observations of male badminton athletes from Mainland Chinese provincial professional and university teams, argues that, in contemporary China, both traditional and newly emerged masculine values and endeavours are integral to the theorization of masculinities of Chinese men, which are contended to be multiple, pluralized and individualized. With a dearth of academic literature that focuses on the co-presence of and inter-relationships between traditional and new masculinities which are embodied by modern Chinese men, this paper contributes renewed theoretical insights into how the various forms of masculinities coexist, intermix and, ultimately, negotiate with one another to reconstruct Chinese contemporary masculinities, in line with the gender order and hierarchy so upheld within China.
Musculoskeletal disorders and incongruous postures in workers on ropes: A pilot study
Authors: Cirrincione Luigi , Martorana Daniela , Plescia Fulvio , Campagna Marcello , Lecca Luigi Isaia , Skerjanc Alenka , Fruscione Santo , Plescia Fabiana , Cannizzaro Emanuele
Published: May 2023

Background:

Occupational hazards believed to cause musculoskeletal disorders in rope workers are traditionally associated with maintaining incongruous postures for prolonged periods of time.

Design and methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 132 technical operators in the wind energy and acrobatic construction sectors, who work on ropes, analysing the ergonomic characteristics of the environments, the way in which tasks are carried out, the strain perceived by individual workers, and assessing the presence of any musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) by means of an objective examination focused on the anatomical districts that were the object of our study.

Results:

Analysis of the data obtained showed that there were differences in the perception of the level of physical intensity and perceived exertion between the groups of workers. Statistical analysis also revealed a significant association between the frequency of MSDs analysed and perceived exertion.

Discussion:

The most significant finding to emerge from this study is the high prevalence of MSDs of the cervical spine (52.94%), the upper limbs (29.41%), and the dorso-lumbar spine (17.65%). These values differ from those classically found in those exposed to the risk of conventional manual handling of loads.

Conclusions:

The high prevalence of disorders of the cervical spine, the scapulo-humeral girdle and the upper limbs, indicates the need to consider the forced position to be assumed for a large part of the work activity, staticity, and the inability to move the lower limbs for long periods as the predominant risk in rope work.
Evaluating the Impact of Youth Early Sport Specialization on Injury: An Evolution in Measurement
Authors: Rockwood Todd , Edwards Nicholas M. , Nelson Bradley , Agel Julie
Published: May 2023

Objective

To track youth sports participation and injury occurrence accurately and longitudinally.

Results

An online survey tool that captures sports participation, frequency, level of competition, and tracks injury occurrence has been developed. The survey allows for longitudinal tracking of sports participation to evaluate the change from recreational to highly specialized sports participation. To maximize the utility of this research tool we identified swimmer plots which allow for clear visualization of the data as the best method for graphical representation.

Implication

Longitudinal measurement of sports participation to evaluate the impact of early sports specialization on injury is feasible with this tool and enhanced by the swimmer plots for visualization.
Barriers to Timely Administration of Hepatitis B Birth Dose Vaccine to Neonates of Mothers With Hepatitis B in Ghana: Midwives’ Perspectives
Authors: Adjei Charles Ampong , Suglo Damasus , Ahenkorah Alfred Yanful , MacDonald Shannon E. , Richter Solina
Published: May 2023

Background

The global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis aims to reduce new hepatitis B infections by 90% by 2030. Yet, hepatitis B birth dose (HepB-BD) vaccination, which is effective in preventing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B, remains low in sub-Saharan Africa. Given the essential role that midwives play in infants’ birth dose immunisation, we explore their perspectives on the reasons for delays and non-administration of HepB-BD to eligible neonates in Ghana.

Methods

We conducted interviews with 18 midwives, stratified by region (Greater Accra and Northern regions). Participants were selected purposively. The data were transcribed, coded, and analysed following the Braun and Clarke data analysis procedure.

Results

The participants conveyed a broad range of barriers to HepB-BD vaccination in Ghana. These include the mother's denial of hepatitis B seropositivity; the mother's ignorance of the impact of hepatitis B on their newborn; partners’ non-involvement in post-test counselling; and the high cost of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B monovalent vaccine. Other reasons included vaccine unavailability and midwives’ oversight and documentation lapses.

Conclusion

We recommend educating expectant mothers on the importance and effectiveness of HepB-BD vaccination during antenatal care (ANC) visits, as well as educating midwives on HepB-BD vaccination procedures. In addition, ensuring sufficient supplies and administering hepatitis B vaccines in the delivery ward should be done to guarantee that babies receive the vaccines on time. Importantly, Ghana needs policies that require HepB-BD vaccination as part of the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) to ensure the investments and funding it needs.
The collective intelligence of evolution and development
Authors: Watson Richard , Levin Michael
Published: May 2023

Collective intelligence and individual intelligence are usually considered to be fundamentally different. Individual intelligence is uncontroversial. It occurs in organisms with special neural machinery, evolved by natural selection to enable cognitive and learning functions that serve the fitness benefit of the organism, and then trained through lifetime experience to maximise individual rewards. Whilst the mechanisms of individual intelligence are not fully understood, good models exist for many aspects of individual cognition and learning. Collective intelligence, in contrast, is a much more ambiguous idea. What exactly constitutes collective intelligence is often vague, and the mechanisms that might enable it are frequently domain-specific. These cannot be mechanisms selected specifically for the purpose of collective intelligence because collectives are not (except in special circumstances) evolutionary units, and it is not clear that collectives can learn the way individual intelligences do since they are not a singular locus of rewards and benefits. Here, we use examples from evolution and developmental morphogenesis to argue that these apparent distinctions are not as categorical as they appear. Breaking down such distinctions enables us to borrow from and expand existing models of individual cognition and learning as a framework for collective intelligence, in particular connectionist models familiar in the context of neural networks. We discuss how specific features of these models inform the necessary and sufficient conditions for collective intelligence, and identify current knowledge gaps as opportunities for future research.
Indigenous research sovereignties: Sparking the deeper conversations we need
Authors: Johnson Jay T , Brewer Joseph P , Nelson Melissa K , Palmer Mark H , Louis Renee Pualani
Published: May 2023

This editors’ introduction seeks to spark a conversation and further debate through the 14 papers and 3 commentaries comprising this special issue entitled “Indigenous Research Sovereignty.” By inviting the authors to publish in this special edition and address Indigenous Research Sovereignty from a variety of viewpoints, we have brought together a collection that inspires, transforms, and expands on the ways in which Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers are engaging with Indigenous communities to address the research agendas of communities across the globe. Through our work together over the past 8 years, the editorial team have identified eight themes within this broad concept of Indigenous Research Sovereignty. This article provides an introduction to those eight themes in the broadest strokes, while the papers and commentaries explore and refine them with significant depth. We seek to spark a conversation, we do not intend to provide answers to any of the dilemma facing Indigenous communities as they engage, or choose not to engage, in research. Our primary goal is to express an all-encompassing concern for the protection of Indigenous Communities’ inherent rights and knowledges.
Cytotoxicity of the CD3×CD20 bispecific antibody epcoritamab in CLL is increased by concurrent BTK or BCL-2 targeting
Authors: Mhibik Maissa , Gaglione Erika M. , Eik David , Herrick John , Le Janet , Ahn Inhye E. , Chiu Christopher , Wielgos-Bonvallet Monica , Hiemstra Ida H. , Breij Esther C. W. , Chen Jenny , Reilly Edward B. , Epling-Burnette Pearlie K. , Szafer-Glusman Edith , Sun Clare , Wiestner Adrian
Published: May 2023

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an immunosuppressive disease characterized by increased infectious morbidity and inferior antitumor activity of immunotherapies. Targeted therapy with Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis) or the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax has profoundly improved treatment outcomes in CLL. To overcome or prevent drug resistance and extend the duration of response after a time-limited therapy, combination regimens are tested. Anti-CD20 antibodies that recruit cell- and complement-mediated effector functions are commonly used. Epcoritamab (GEN3013), an anti–CD3×CD20 bispecific antibody that recruits T-cell effector functions, has demonstrated potent clinical activity in patients with relapsed CD20+ B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Development of CLL therapy is ongoing. To characterize epcoritamab-mediated cytotoxicity against primary CLL cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from treatment-naive and BTKi-treated patients, including patients progressing on therapy, were cultured with epcoritamab alone or in combination with venetoclax. Ongoing treatment with BTKi and high effector-to-target ratios were associated with superior in vitro cytotoxicity. Cytotoxic activity was independent of CD20 expression on CLL cells and observed in samples from patients whose condition progressed while receiving BTKi. Epcoritamab induced significant T-cell expansion, activation, and differentiation into Th1 and effector memory cells in all patient samples. In patient-derived xenografts, epcoritamab reduced the blood and spleen disease burden compared with that in mice receiving a nontargeting control. In vitro, the combination of venetoclax with epcoritamab induced superior killing of CLL cells than either agent alone. These data support the investigation of epcoritamab in combination with BTKis or venetoclax to consolidate responses and target emergent drug-resistant subclones.
Novel carbon nanozymes with enhanced phosphatase-like catalytic activity for antimicrobial applications
Authors: Nurtay Lazzat , Benassi Enrico , Nazir Faisal , Dastan Dana , Utupova Assem , Dautov Adilet , Dukenbayev Kanat , Xie Yingqiu , Pham Tri T. , Fan Haiyan
Published: May 2023

In this work, Sulfur and Nitrogen co-doped carbon nanoparticles (SN-CNPs) were synthesized by hydrothermal method using dried beet powder as the carbon source. TEM and AFM images indicated that these SN-CNPs form a round-shape ball with an approximate diameter of 50 nm. The presence of Sulfur and Nitrogen in these carbon-based nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR and XPS analyses. These SN-CNPs were found to have strong phosphatase-like enzymatic activity. The enzymatic behavior of SN-CNPs follows the Michaelis–Menten mechanism with greater vmax and much lower Km values compared to alkaline phosphatase. Their antimicrobial properties were tested on E. coli and L. lactis, with MIC values of 63 μg mL−1 and 250 μg mL−1, respectively. SEM and AFM images of fixed and live E. coli cells revealed that SN-CNPs strongly interacted with the outer membranes of bacterial cells, significantly increasing the cell surface roughness. The chemical interaction between SN-CNPs and phospholipid modeled using quantum mechanical calculations further support our hypothesis that the phosphatase and antimicrobial properties of SN-CNPs are due to the thiol group on the SN-CNPs, which is a mimic of the cysteine-based protein phosphatase. The present work is the first to report carbon-based nanoparticles with strong phosphatase activity and propose a phosphatase natured antimicrobial mechanism. This novel class of carbon nanozymes has the potential to be used for effective catalytic and antibacterial applications.

Graphical abstract