bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation and Quantification of Solar Greenhouse Temperature Based on Real Canopy Structure
Authors: Hou Maolin , Xu Demin , Wang Zhi , Meng Lei , Wang Liang , Ma Yuntao , Zhu Jinyu , Lv Chunli
Published: February 2025

The temperature distribution of the cucumber canopy in an energy-saving solar greenhouse was simulated in this study. The canopy temperature data of autumn and winter cucumber were collected using temperature sensors, and the spatial heterogeneity of temperature distribution was analyzed. Utilizing ground-based LiDAR scanning, point cloud data of plant canopies were acquired to construct a convex hull porous model and leaf organ model. Validation against real solar greenhouse measurements revealed the convex hull porous model’s superior performance over the hexahedral porous model in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, with a root mean square error of 0.71 °C and a mean relative error of 2.9%, as opposed to 0.99 °C and 4.3%, respectively. Simulations in a scaled virtual greenhouse demonstrated the convex hull porous model and leaf organ model reduced temperature variation by 0.6 °C and 2.3 °C compared to the hexahedral porous model. The leaf organ model particularly provided a smooth temperature transition among leaves, closely approximating actual crop conditions. These results offer insights for crop model selection in greenhouse CFD modeling.
Natural Savannah Systems Within the “One Welfare” Approach: Part 1—Good Farmers’ Perspectives, Environmental Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Romero Marlyn H. , Gallego-Polania Sergio A. , Sanchez Jorge A.
Published: February 2025

The Colombian Orinoquia is considered one of the eight most important ecosystems in the world. Savannah ecosystems play an essential role in providing ecosystem services. The objectives were (a) to explore and identify the perceptions of traditional farmers and institutional representatives regarding human well-being, animal welfare and the environment, and (b) to identify environmental challenges and opportunities for improvement based on the “One Welfare” concept. Three focal groups were developed: male and female farmers and institutional representatives (n = 24) from Vichada. A thematic analysis, coding with an inductive approach and the definition of themes and sub-themes were carried out. The concept of being “a good farmer” explains the behavior of the producers, where the perception of human well-being is associated with the value of the family and the sense of pride in their tradition as “llanero”. Animal welfare was considered a symbol of profitability and prestige for cattle farmers, a concept that, for them, mixed traditional management, water supply, shade and feed, good health and the natural behavior of cattle. Regarding the environment, this concept is based on their awareness of the importance of conserving the natural savannah. Among the environmental challenges described are climate change, solid waste management and the use of controlled burns. Regarding opportunities for improvement, they proposed strengthening institutional dynamics, partnerships, environmental governance and education. Our results can provide information on the “One Welfare” approach and the motivation of farmers to care for animals and the environment, a fundamental aspect for developing effective intervention strategies.
Improvement in the Usability of Meat Inspection Findings for Swine Herd Health Management
Authors: Maric Darko , Vetter-Lang Sebastian , Klinger Johannes , Böhm Nikolaus , Schwaiger Karin , Käsbohrer Annemarie
Published: February 2025

Data from post-mortem inspections conducted using official controls on the meat production of slaughtered pigs are generally considered valuable for identifying herd health issues and ensuring meat safety. However, several studies highlighted that a multi-stage assessment of lung changes would provide more useful information on animal health than the implemented binary (yes/no) recording. For this purpose, a new scheme was developed and subsequently used by trained official veterinarians at four slaughterhouses in Austria. Implementation of the multi-stage assessment was carried out in parallel with the conventional assessment, and data collected from both schemes were analyzed and compared to evaluate effectiveness. The analysis of the data (n = 20,345) showed that the most common alteration was low-grade (28.4%), followed by moderate-grade (11.3%,) and then high-grade pneumonia (5.2%). In the case of pleurisy, 88.9% of the carcasses showed no alterations of the pleura, and 11.1% had pathological changes (low-grade pleurisy = 4.7%, moderate-grade pleurisy = 2.7%, high-grade pleurisy = 3.7%). Analysis of the results showed a strong heterogeneity of the frequency of alterations between the batches reflecting various underlying animal health issues. Among the influencing factors, the origin of the pigs had the greatest influence. The project demonstrated that the new evaluation can be carried out easily with no extra time effort once staff are trained and the technological platform for reporting is adapted. The more detailed information ensures more useful feedback is provided to the farmers and supervising veterinarians, thereby ensuing animal welfare and contributing to sustainable, improved animal husbandry.
Correlations of Free Thyroid Hormones Measured by Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Immunoassay in Dogs
Authors: Sasso Raffaella , Siniscalchi Marcello , d’Ingeo Serenella , Ventriglia Gianluca , Bitetto Candida , Quaranta Angelo
Published: February 2025

Thyroid function is commonly assessed in dogs through serum measurements of free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The accurate measurement of thyroid hormones is critical. In particular, the measurement of free thyroxine (FT4) is important for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disorders. Most laboratories measure FT4 using direct analog immunoassay methods. The reliability of the results obtained using these methods has often been questioned. Fifty-nine dogs for which the veterinarian had requested the evaluation of thyroid hormones were included in this study. FT4 and TSH were measured using chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA). Furthermore, FT4 was also measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) preceded by ultrafiltration. Comparing FT4 with the two different methods, the results demonstrate that LC-MS/MS, preceded by ultrafiltration, provides more accurate and specific FT4 measurements, particularly in dogs with altered thyroid hormone values. Although CLEIA is cost-effective and widely used for screening, LC-MS/MS is recommended for the more precise assessment of thyroid function.
The Therapeutic Potential of West Indian Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil-Based Ointment in the Treatment of Pitted Keratolysis
Authors: Schneider György , Schweitzer Bettina , Steinbach Anita S. , Hodován Ágnes S. , Horváth Marianna , Bakó Eszter , Mayer Anna , Pál Szilárd
Published: February 2025

Background: Due to their antibacterial activities, essential oils can be potential alternatives to antibiotics in certain cases. West Indian lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil (LEO) is effective against a broad range of bacteria by inhibiting spore formation, and is considered safe. In this study, we demonstrated its therapeutical potential in the treatment of pitted keratolysis (PK), a superficial skin infection affecting the pressure-bearing areas of plantar surfaces. Methods: For in vitro antibacterial efficacy testing, LEO was mixed into different ointment bases, including Hydrogelum methylcellulose FoNo VIII., Ungentum oleosum FoNo VIII. (Ung. oleoso), Unguentum stearini FoNo VIII. (Ung. stearin), and Vaselinum cholesterinatum FoNo VIII. (Vasel. cholest.), at different concentrations of 1, 3, and 5%. These formulations were tested on representatives of three bacterial species associated with PK: Kytococcus sedentarius, Dermatophilus congolensis, and Bacillus thuringiensis. Results: In the in vitro tests, Hydrogelum methylcellulose (HM) gel best supported the antibacterial effects of LEO, reducing the number of living bacteria on agar plates by 4–5 orders of magnitude in a concentration-dependent manner during the 30 min exposure times. This was also confirmed by the Franz diffusion cell drug release test; after 30 min, several active compounds could be detected in the HM samples, in contrast to the other bases. Shelf-life experiments showed that the HM base supported the antibacterial features of 3% LEO for at least 2 years without significant loss of efficacy. Conclusions: Our study highlights that ointments containing essential oils potentially have a place in the treatment of PK. Therefore, antibiotics may potentially be replaced for the treatment of PK, thereby reducing environmental antibiotic pressure, which is one of the driving forces behind the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Valorization of Arbutus unedo L. Pomace: Exploring the Recovery of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Distillation By-Products
Authors: Di Lorenzo Ritamaria , Ferraro Maria Grazia , Carrera Ceferino , Iazzetti Federica , Chinchilla Nuria , Maisto Maria , Aliaño-González María José , Piccolo Vincenzo , Romano Anabela , Ricci Lucia , Medronho Bruno , Marzocchi Adua , Piccolo Marialuisa , Tenore Gian Carlo , Irace Carlo , Laneri Sonia
Published: February 2025

This study explores the potential of Arbutus unedo L. pomace, a by-product of the food industry, as a natural ingredient for skincare applications. In Portugal, A. unedo L. fruits are traditionally used to produce “Aguardente de Medronho”, a spirit with a protected geographical indication. The distillation process generates pomace, comprising skins, pulp remnants, seeds, and residual alcohol rich in phenolic compounds, whose levels are significantly increased during distillation. In addition to their documented high antioxidant content, these residues also display notable antimicrobial properties. However, their potential benefits for skin health have not yet been explored. The methodology entailed the preparation of the pomace extract and a comprehensive analysis of its polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity under laboratory conditions and in preclinical cellular models. The by-products demonstrated a high polyphenol content and potent antioxidant activity, comparable to vitamin C. Bioscreening on human skin models (i.e., dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes) revealed their ability to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation under oxidative stress in skin cells, highlighting their potential to mitigate skin aging and damage caused by environmental pollutants. Moreover, bioscreens in vitro revealed a high safety profile, without any interference with cell viability at concentrations up to 100 µg/mL. These findings support the use of A. unedo L. pomace extract as a sustainable ingredient for the development of antioxidant-rich and eco-friendly cosmetic or dermatologic products.
Effect of Drying Methods on the Leaf and Flower Tissues of Paulownia elongata and P. fortunei and Resultant Antioxidant Capacity
Authors: Shahin Lubana , Mahapatra Ajit K. , Joshee Nirmal
Published: February 2025

Paulownia leaves and flowers have been used to prepare medicinal tea in traditional Chinese medicine; however, there has been no scientific validation of bioactive compounds so far. A systematic study is presented to establish a suitable drying protocol for leaf and flower tissues that may be useful in preserving bioactive compounds and retaining high antioxidant capacity. Additionally, a suitable drying protocol is commercially imperative for improving the shelf life of these tissues. In this study, P. elongata and P. fortunei juvenile leaves and flowers at two stages (pre- and post-anthesis stages) were subjected to five drying treatments to study the drying characteristics and were analyzed for total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity. Oven drying, sun drying, shade drying, freeze drying, and microwave drying were the five drying methods that were used to evaluate their efficacy on the drying characteristics and antioxidant potential. Fresh and dried tissues were analyzed for total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total tannins, total catechins, total monomeric anthocyanins, and total antioxidant capacity. A strong correlation was observed between the moisture content and total polyphenols (the lower the moisture content, the lower the polyphenols). Sun drying was the best method for Paulownia tissues based on color retention, moisture content, overall cost effectiveness, time, and antioxidant capacity. Shade drying was the second-best method based on the same parameters. No significant differences were observed between P. elongata and P. fortunei tissues in their total antioxidant capacity. Leaves and flowers at the pre-anthesis stage (stage 6) registered a higher level of total polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, catechins, and resultant antioxidant capacity in comparison with flowers at stage 9 (the post-anthesis stage). Monomeric anthocyanins were highest in P. elongata flowers at stage 6. A strong correlation was observed between moisture content and the antioxidant levels of Paulownia tissues.
Phenolics from Ilex rotunda Possess Antioxidative Effects and Block Activation of MAPK and NF-κB Signaling by Inhibiting IL-2 Production in CD3/CD8 Activated Jurkat T Cells
Authors: Le Ducdat , Truong Vinhquang , Dang Thinhulinh , Yu Soojung , Dinh Thientam , Lee Mina
Published: February 2025

Ilex rotunda, an evergreen tree in the holly family, is a traditional medicine with a high phenolic content and various pharmacological effects. This study aimed to investigate phenolic constituents from enriched fractions guided by a total phenolic assay along with a feature-based molecular network. Nine compounds were isolated and identified using multiple chromatography and spectroscopic techniques. These isolates exhibited significantly high antioxidative effects in both free radical scavenging and ROS assays. They also remarkedly alternated interleukin (IL)-2 production in CD3/CD28-stimulated Jurkat T cells. The Western blotting assay suggested that these active compounds might decrease IL-2 production by blocking the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways by downregulating the phosphorylation of p38 and p65 proteins as well as ERK and JNK kinases. Molecular docking data confirmed the above-mentioned biological properties of those active compounds by evaluating their binding affinities for target proteins. Our findings offer guidance for assessing the potential of phenolic chemicals from I. rotunda as pharmacological products to improve oxidative stress and enhance immune response in more in-depth studies.
In Situ Study of Surface Morphology Formation Mechanism During Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Zhang Yuhui , Ren Hang , Yan Hualin , Long Yu
Published: February 2025

In the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process, the surface quality of intermediate layers impacts interlayer bonding and part forming quality. Due to the complex dynamic process inherent in LPBF, current monitoring methods struggle to achieve high-quality in situ online monitoring, which limits the in-depth understanding of the evolution mechanisms of the surface morphology of LPBF intermediate layers. This paper employs an optimized coaxial optical imaging method to monitor key LPBF processes and analyzes the intermediate layer surface morphology evolution mechanism considering heat, force, and mass transfer. Results indicate that LPBF intermediate layer surfaces are influenced by energy density, melt pool behavior, and previous layer morphology, forming complex topological structures. At a low energy density, insufficient powder melting causes balling, extended by subsequent melt pools to form a reticulated structure and local large-scale protrusions. Heat accumulation at a high energy density promotes melt pool expansion, reduces melt track overlap, and effectively eliminates defects from previous layers via remelting, with spatter becoming the main defect. Additionally, the melt pool wettability on the part contours captures external powder, forming unique, overhanging contour protrusions. This paper enhances understanding of LPBF intermediate layer surface morphology formation mechanisms and provides a theoretical basis for optimizing surface quality.
Comparative Effects of Rubber Dam and Traditional Isolation Techniques on Orthodontic Bracket Positioning: A 3D Digital Model Evaluation
Authors: Sezen Erhamza Türkan , Küçük Kadir Can , Malikov İsmayil
Published: February 2025

Dental professionals face an increased risk of exposure to biological fluids, aerosols, and droplets due to close patient contact, which heightens the risk of infectious diseases. Rubber dam, commonly used in dentistry, not only isolates treatment areas but also reduces aerosol and droplet dispersion. Accurate orthodontic bracket positioning is crucial for optimal treatment, and isolation techniques like rubber dam and traditional methods are essential for ensuring precise bracket placement and bonding. This study aims to compare the effects of rubber dam and traditional isolation techniques on orthodontic bracket positioning using 3D digital models, while also evaluating the impact of these methods on the patient’s chair time during the procedure. The study group (RDI—Rubber Dam Isolation) included individuals isolated with a rubber dam, while the control group (TI—Traditional Isolation) consisted of those isolated using retractors and cotton rolls. Digital models were taken from these groups before bracketing (BB) and after bracketing (AB). BB models were transferred to the OrthoanalyzerTM program for virtual bracketing and a virtual bonding model (VB) was created. AB and VB models were superimposed in the GOM InspectTM program in order to determine the accuracy of the bracket positions. Linear measurements were taken along the X, Y, and Z axes, while angular measurements were recorded on the XY, XZ, and YZ planes. There was no significant difference in deviation values along the X-axis between the RDI and TI groups. In both groups, the lowest deviation values in linear measurements were found in the Z-axis, while the highest deviation values were found in the Y-axis. In the Y-axis, it was found that the deviation values were higher in the RDI group for tooth numbers 32 and 33, and in the Z-axis, the deviation values were higher in the RDI group for tooth numbers 34 and 44. In angular measurements, it was observed that in the XY plane, the deviation values in tooth number 35 were higher in the TI group. RDI proves to be an effective method for ensuring accurate bracket positioning in orthodontic procedures when compared to traditional isolation techniques. Especially considering infectious diseases, the use of RDI is considered appropriate.
Study on the Dynamic Optimization and Design of a Flexible Rotationally Symmetric Tangential Support Plate Base
Authors: Tao Yisheng , Tohti Gulbahar , He Hualong , Geni Mamtimin
Published: February 2025

The flexible rotationally symmetric struts support (RSS) is a key element for the stable operation of the M701F heavy-duty gas turbine. However, the flexible RSS base–rotor system may experience significant vibration instability issues during high-speed operation. In engineering practice, experimental rigs are commonly built based on simplified dynamic models of the entire system. A compact, flexible RSS base may effectively resolve this issue. First, we developed the dynamic model of the RSS base, followed by static analysis using software simulation to determine the deformation and stress distribution of the RSS base. Modal analysis was then carried out to obtain the natural frequencies and mode shapes. The optimization of the tangential support plates was carried out using an equivalent static load model. Harmonic response analysis was then performed to assess the dynamic response in a specific frequency range. Experimental modal validation was conducted at the end, confirming that the critical frequency of the optimized base moved away from the operating frequency, effectively preventing resonance. The accuracy of the optimization model was also validated. These findings offer valuable insights for the vibration characteristic analysis of this type of gas turbine base.
Evolution Mechanisms of Three-Dimensional Fracture Fields in Coal Under Uniaxial Cyclic Loading and Unloading
Authors: Xu Jiankun , Zhou Rui , Xi Danyang , Lin Yichao , Li Xibin
Published: February 2025

In deep underground engineering applications, such as coal mining, coal–rock masses are frequently subjected to repeated loading and unloading conditions. Understanding the evolution mechanisms of their internal three-dimensional fracture fields has become a critical scientific challenge. This study utilized X-ray Microscopy (XRM) to observe changes in internal fractures of coal samples after each loading–unloading cycle, reconstructing the internal fractures and mineral particles. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to analyze the surface morphology and mineral composition of coal sample cross-sections. The experimental results revealed that: (1) With an increasing number of loading–unloading cycles, the samples’ volumes initially decreased and then expanded, with the expansion accompanied by rapid propagation of CT-scale fractures; (2) During the linear elastic phase, micro-fractures developed progressively but remained small, while sustained stress caused these fractures to interconnect, eventually leading to macroscopic failure; (3) Hard mineral particles within the coal samples, such as iron ore, acted as barriers to crack propagation. These findings indicate that the evolution characteristics of the internal fracture fields in coal–rock masses are influenced by stress state, pre-existing fractures, and the distribution of mineral particles.
Fed-Hetero: A Self-Evaluating Federated Learning Framework for Data Heterogeneity
Authors: Milan Kummaya Aiswariya , Joseph Amudha , Rajamani Kumar , Ghinea George
Published: February 2025

Federated learning (FL) enables deep learning models to be trained locally on devices without the need for data sharing, ensuring data privacy. However, when clients have uneven or imbalanced data distributions, it leads to data heterogeneity. Data heterogeneity can appear in different ways, often due to variations in label, data distributions, feature variations, and structural inconsistencies in the images. This can significantly impact FL performance, as the global model often struggles to achieve optimal convergence. To enhance training efficiency and model performance, a common strategy in FL is to exclude clients with limited data. However, excluding such clients can raise fairness concerns, particularly for smaller populations. To understand the influence of data heterogeneity, a self-evaluating federated learning framework for heterogeneity, Fed-Hetero, was designed to assess the type of heterogeneity associated with the clients and provide recommendations to clients to enhance the global model’s accuracy. Fed-Hetero thus enables the clients with limited data to participate in FL processes by adopting appropriate strategies that enhance model accuracy. The results show that Fed-Hetero identifies the client with heterogeneity and provides personalized recommendations.
Strategies to Mitigate Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity: A Literature Review of Protective Agents, Mechanisms, and Clinical Gaps
Authors: Orasan Alexandru , Negru Mihaela-Cristina , Morgovan Anda Ioana , Fleser Razvan Claudiu , Sandu Daniela , Sitaru Adrian Mihail , Motofelea Alexandru-Catalin , Balica Nicolae Constantin
Published: February 2025

Background: Cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, is associated with significant ototoxicity, leading to progressive and irreversible sensorineural hearing loss in up to 93% of patients. Cisplatin generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cochlea, activating apoptotic and necroptotic pathways that result in hair cell death. Inflammatory processes and nitrative stress also contribute to cochlear damage. Methods: This literature review was conducted to explore the mechanisms underlying cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and evaluate protective strategies, including both current and emerging approaches. A structured search was performed in multiple scientific databases, including PubMed and ScienceDirect, for articles published up to November 2024. Results: Current otoprotective strategies include systemic interventions such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and apoptosis inhibitors, as well as localized delivery methods like intratympanic injection and nanoparticle-based systems. However, these approaches have limitations, including potential interference with cisplatin’s antitumor efficacy and systemic side effects. Emerging strategies focus on genetic and biomarker-based risk stratification, novel otoprotective agents targeting alternative pathways, and combination therapies. Repurposed drugs like pravastatin also show promise in reducing cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Conclusions: Despite these advancements, significant research gaps remain in translating preclinical findings to clinical applications and developing selective otoprotective agents that do not compromise cisplatin’s efficacy. This review examines the mechanisms of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, current otoprotective strategies, and emerging approaches to mitigate this adverse effect.
Comprehensive Analysis of Rodent-Specific Probasin Gene Reveals Its Evolutionary Origin in Pseudoautosomal Region and Provides Novel Insights into Rodent Phylogeny
Authors: Maxeiner Stephan , Walter Lukas , Zeitz Samuel Luca , Krasteva-Christ Gabriela
Published: February 2025

Probasin protein was originally identified as a basic protein present in rat prostate epithelium. So far, its physiological role, its origin, and its presence in other species including humans remain largely elusive. With the ever-growing number of genome assemblies, thus far, probasin genes (Pbsn/PBSN) have only been predicted in a subset of rodent genomes. In this study, we addressed the phylogeny of probasin genes and found them to be exclusively present in members of the superfamily Muroidea. It first emerged in the so-called pseudoautosomal region, a subtelomeric gene cluster of both mammalian sex chromosomes. During evolution of the Muroidea lineages, probasin recombined to the X-specific region of the X-chromosome in mice and hamster species. This event likely saved the gene from events that other pseudoautosomal genes suffered, namely displaying an increase in G and C nucleotide composition or accumulation of repetitive elements. We observed changes to its coding region, e.g., sequence insertions in exon 6, which challenge the current understanding of rodent phylogeny, in particular regarding the evolutionary history of tribe formation within the subfamily Murinae. Analyzing the evolution of probasin genes in Muroidea allows fostering understanding of phylogenetic relationships in one of the largest groups of mammalian species.
Extracellular Vesicles and Pregnancy-Related Hypertensive Disorders: A Descriptive Review on the Possible Implications “From Bench to Bedside”
Authors: Grossini Elena , Surico Daniela , Venkatesan Sakthipriyan , Ola Pour Mohammad Mostafa , Aquino Carmen Imma , Remorgida Valentino
Published: February 2025

Pregnancy involves extracellular vesicles (EVs) through mechanisms that are poorly understood to date. Furthermore, it is not surprising that EVs may also be involved in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension, two clinical conditions with high morbidity and mortality, given their capacity to mediate intracellular communications and regulate inflammation and angiogenesis. We searched major online scientific search engines (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, WES, Embase, etc.) using the terms “Preeclampsia”, “Pregnancy”, “Hypertension”, “Pregnancy-related hypertension”, “Extracellular vesicles”, “Biomarkers”, “Gestation” AND “Obstetrics”. Finding potential early biomarkers of risk or illness progression would be essential for the optimum care of expectant mothers with the aforementioned conditions. Nevertheless, none of the various screening assays that have been discovered recently have shown high predictive values. The analysis of EVs in the peripheral blood starting from the first trimester of pregnancy may hold great promise for the possible correlation with gestational hypertension problems and represent a marker of the early stages of the disease. EVs use may be a novel therapeutic approach for the management of various illnesses, as well. In order to define EVs’ function in the physiopathology of pregnancy-associated hypertension and PE, as well as their potential as early biomarkers and therapeutic tools, we have compiled the most recent data in this review.
CellGAT: A GAT-Based Method for Constructing a Cell Communication Network Integrating Multiomics Information
Authors: Zhang Tianjiao , Wu Zhenao , Li Liangyu , Ren Jixiang , Zhang Ziheng , Zhang Jingyu , Wang Guohua
Published: February 2025

The growth, development, and differentiation of multicellular organisms are primarily driven by intercellular communication, which coordinates the activities of diverse cell types. This cell-to-cell signaling is typically mediated by various types of protein–protein interactions, including ligand–receptor; receptor–receptor, and extracellular matrix–receptor interactions. Currently, computational methods for inferring ligand–receptor communication primarily depend on gene expression data of ligand–receptor pairs and spatial information of cells. Some approaches integrate protein complexes; transcription factors; or pathway information to construct cell communication networks. However, few methods consider the critical role of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) in intercellular communication networks, especially when predicting communication between different cell types in the absence of cell type information. These methods often rely on ligand–receptor pairs that lack PPI evidence, potentially compromising the accuracy of their predictions. To address this issue, we propose CellGAT, a framework that infers intercellular communication by integrating gene expression data of ligand–receptor pairs, PPI information, protein complex data, and experimentally validated pathway information. CellGAT not only builds a priori models but also uses node embedding algorithms and graph attention networks to build cell communication networks based on scRNA-seq (single-cell RNA sequencing) datasets and includes a built-in cell clustering algorithm. Through comparisons with various methods, CellGAT accurately predicts cell–cell communication (CCC) and analyzes its impact on downstream pathways; neighboring cells; and drug interventions.
Direct Detection and Quantification of Aqueous Proteins via a Fluorescent Probe Through the Use of Fluorophore-Induced Plasmonic Current
Authors: Pierce Daniel R. , Geddes Chris D.
Published: February 2025

We report on the recent advancements in the sensing of proteins, both directly and with the use of a fluorescent probe, through the use of Fluorophore-Induced Plasmonic Current (FIPC). FIPC are a phenomenon where a fluorophore or excited state species is in close proximity to a plasmonically active metal nanoparticle film (MNF), and the excited state is able to couple to the particle, ultimately leading to enhanced spectroscopic properties. This phenomenon is similar to the well-reported metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) phenomenon, wherein the coupled complex produces an enhanced fluorescence emission and a shorter lifetime. However, if the particles themselves are sufficiently spaced and oriented, an induced current can transfer from each discreet particle to the next, creating a detectable current across the film. This detectable current has a magnitude that is proportional to the fluorescent properties of the species that produced it, and can be affected by the polarization of the excitation source; the spacing and size of the particles on the film; the overlap between the spectral properties of the film and the species; as well as externally applied voltages and currents. In this study, we examined whether it is possible to detect protein species, directly due to both their intrinsic fluorescent and absorptive properties, and how that compares to commercially available protein detection probes, in a similar manner to prior work by our group addressing analyte detection via turn-on fluorescent probes. This FIPC-based detection technique is a novel method that has not been used for the detection of proteins, and the use of this method could expand the dynamic sensing range of first-pass testing, while overcoming some of the physical limitations on the upper limit of detection of both absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence emission spectroscopy. Our experiments sought to highlight the selectivity of FIPC-based detection relative to both fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy, as well as its sensitivity when working with protein analytes. We examined the effects of protein concentration, intrinsic fluorescent properties, and turn-on probes, as well as how these techniques compare to traditional analytical techniques used today.
“VID-KIDS” Video-Feedback Interaction Guidance for Depressed Mothers and Their Infants: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tryphonopoulos Panagiota D. , McNeil Deborah , Oxford Monica , Dennis Cindy-Lee , Novick Jason , Deane Andrea J. , Wu Kelly , Kurbatfinski Stefan , Griggs Keira , Letourneau Nicole
Published: February 2025

VID-KIDS (Video-Feedback Interaction Guidance for Depressed Mothers and their Infants) is a positive parenting programme comprising three brief nurse-guided video-feedback sessions (offered in-person or virtually via Zoom) that promote “serve and return” interactions by helping depressed mothers to be more sensitive and responsive to infant cues. We examined whether mothers who received the VID-KIDS programme demonstrated improved maternal–infant interaction quality. The secondary hypotheses examined VID-KIDS’ effects on maternal depression, anxiety, perceived parenting stress, infant developmental outcomes, and infant cortisol patterns. A parallel group randomized controlled trial (n = 140) compared the VID-KIDS programme to standard care controls (e.g., a resource and referral programme). The trial was registered in the US Clinical Trials Registry (number NCT03052374). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, nine weeks post-randomization (immediate post-test), and two months post-intervention. Maternal–infant interaction quality significantly improved for the intervention group with moderate to large effects. These improvements persisted during the post-test two months after the final video-feedback session. No significant group differences were detected for secondary outcomes. This study demonstrated that nurse-guided video-feedback can improve maternal–infant interaction in the context of PPD. These findings are promising, as sensitive and responsive parenting is crucial for promoting children’s healthy development.
Assessing Pragmatic Skills in People with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Hernández Hernández Sonia , Marín Quinto Sergio , Guillén Martín Verónica Marina , Mumbardó-Adam Cristina
Published: February 2025

People with intellectual disabilities live with significant conceptual, social, and practical limitations that hinder the acquisition, development, and use of language. Pragmatic skills facilitate interpersonal relationships, allowing for the understanding and expression of oneself, as well as the planning, organization, and adaptation of speech depending on the context and interlocutor. These skills imply, therefore, complex higher functions that must be articulated harmoniously for effective communication. Identifying the weaknesses of people with intellectual disability in the pragmatic dimension of language enables the provision of individualized support resources to guarantee their participation and social inclusion. This study presents a systematic review based on the PRISMA guidelines, and it includes the most commonly used assessment tools for pragmatic competence in people with intellectual disabilities over time. Of the 172 articles found, 20 met the inclusion criteria and were finally reviewed. The results show a lack of conformity between instruments in the pragmatic aspects evaluated and a lack of adjustment of the evaluation tools to the characteristics of this population. Therefore, the design of new standardized tests that specifically evaluate the pragmatic skills of people with intellectual disability is required in the near future. A tailored assessment is crucial for defining a complete profile of their communication skills and generating individualized intervention and support programs.
Migrant Workers in the Construction Industry: A Bibliometric and Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Lyu Sainan , Zhu Qing , Hu Xin , Zhu Zihao , Skitmore Martin
Published: February 2025

The construction industry, a major global employer, increasingly relies on migrant construction workers (MCWs) to mitigate labor shortages and enhance cost efficiency. Despite their vital role, MCWs face numerous challenges, including exploitation during recruitment, safety risks, health issues, and difficulties with social integration. Current research into MCWs is dispersed across various disciplines—such as occupational safety, health, and social issues—and lacks a cohesive review of achievements and gaps. To address this, the present study employs bibliometric and qualitative content analysis to evaluate research progress, domains, hotspots, and trends from 2004 to 2024. The dataset, sourced from the Web of Science (WoS), includes 112 publications. The analysis reveals a steady growth in MCWs research, divided into two distinct phases, with significant contributions from 307 authors across 30 countries. The study also examines robust international collaboration and the prominent role of influential research institutions. The research identified ten key areas of focus and engaged in discussion. This comprehensive overview of MCWs research provides valuable insights for future studies and policy development, aiming to enhance conditions for MCWs and inform effective intervention strategies for this vulnerable workforce.
Analyzing the Impact of Administrative District, Urban Planning Zone, and Purpose of Building on Coworking Spaces and Flexible Workspaces—A Case Study of Sofia, Bulgaria
Authors: Kamenova Ivanka G.
Published: February 2025

This article provides an overview of coworking spaces and flexible workspaces in Sofia Municipality, Bulgaria. The study aims at examining whether the type of urban plan zone, the particular municipal administrative district, and the purpose of the building in which they are located have an impact on such modern workspaces. Existing spaces in the municipality were counted and classified according to the following criteria: origin of the operators, accessibility, level of specialization, purpose of the hosting building, location in a particular district, and urban planning zone. The average rent for Hot desk, Dedicated desk, Private office, and Virtual office was calculated for the territory determined by the research. The findings demonstrate that the number of coworking and flexible workspaces is influenced by the type of urban planning zone, the municipal administrative district, and the purpose of the building. The study also revealed that the majority of such spaces are concentrated in the zone of the old town center or in a mixed multifunctional zones and are located in administrative, business buildings.
Analyzing the Environmental Impacts and Empirical Limitations of Green Remodeling with Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Kim Jaemoon , Ko Wonkyeong , Kim Jaehee , Byun Jiyeon , Nam Seonghoon , Jeong Subin
Published: February 2025

The Government of Korea uses green remodeling (GR) as a central policy for achieving carbon neutrality in the building sector. However, despite GR’s energy-saving benefits, it raises embodied carbon (EC) due to the incorporation of new materials, and there is a lack of impact analysis and assessment research. Thus, this study established the GR-LCA methodology to evaluate the environmental impacts (EIs) of GR, including EC. The methodology disaggregated and assessed the effects of EC and energy on GR in terms of GR’s proportion of EC, six EI categories, and the carbon reduction impacts. The analysis revealed that GR’s EC accounted for 10.6%, reducing to 9.89% when EPD materials were used. In terms of the reduction impact across six EIs, GWP was reduced to 0.84 and EP to 0.96. However, ODP, ADP, AP, and POCP, all elevated by high EIs from material inputs, increased to 626.7, 1.04, 1.16, and 250.09, respectively. Ultimately, the carbon reduction in GR was 24.9% when considering only energy usage, and 16.1% when including EC. When EPD materials were applied, the efficiency of reduction improved by an additional 0.6%, indicating a minimal application effect. Based on these findings, the differences in GR’s EC compared to new constructions, reduction limitations, and potential improvements were discussed.
A Scoping Review of Infrared Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Methods for Head and Neck Precancer and Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis
Authors: Alajaji Shahd A. , Sabzian Roya , Wang Yong , Sultan Ahmed S. , Wang Rong
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This scoping review aimed to provide both researchers and practitioners with an overview of how machine learning (ML) methods are applied to infrared spectroscopy for the diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck precancer and cancer. Methods: A subject headings and keywords search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus on 14 January 2024, using predefined search algorithms targeting studies that integrated infrared spectroscopy and ML methods in head and neck precancer/cancer research. The results were managed through the COVIDENCE systematic review platform. Results: Fourteen studies met the eligibility criteria, which were defined by IR spectroscopy techniques, ML methodology, and a focus on head and neck precancer/cancer research involving human subjects. The IR spectroscopy techniques used in these studies included Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and imaging, attenuated total reflection-FTIR, near-infrared spectroscopy, and synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopy. The investigated human biospecimens included tissues, exfoliated cells, saliva, plasma, and urine samples. ML methods applied in the studies included linear discriminant analysis (LDA), principal component analysis with LDA, partial least squares discriminant analysis, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, support vector machine, extreme gradient boosting, canonical variate analysis, and deep reinforcement neural network. For oral cancer diagnosis applications, the highest sensitivity and specificity were reported to be 100%, the highest accuracy was reported to be 95–96%, and the highest area under the curve score was reported to be 0.99. For oral precancer prognosis applications, the highest sensitivity and specificity were reported to be 84% and 79%, respectively. Conclusions: This review highlights the promising potential of integrating infrared spectroscopy with ML methods for diagnosing and prognosticating head and neck precancer and cancer. However, the limited sample sizes in existing studies restrict generalizability of the study findings. Future research should prioritize larger datasets and the development of advanced ML models to enhance reliability and robustness of these tools.
Whole-Blood Longitudinal Molecular Profiling Maps the Road of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)
Authors: Bar Merav , El Anbari Mohammed , Rinchai Darawan , Toufiq Mohammed , Kizhakayil Dhanya , Manjunath Harshitha S. , Mathew Rebecca , Cavattoni Irene , Forer Sabine , Recla Marco , Bibawi Hani , Alater Ahmad , Yahia Reem , Brown Clarisa , Miles Nancy L. , Vo Phuong , Bedognetti Davide , Tomei Sara , Saleh Ayman , Cugno Chiara , Chaussabel Damien , Deola Sara
Published: February 2025

Background: Graft versus host disease (GVHD) and the graft versus tumor (GVT) effect after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) result from complex interactions between the donor immune system and the recipient environment. High-temporal longitudinal monitoring might be necessary to identify triggering events of GVHD and GVT and to intercept these events before their occurrence. But it would require an overall considerable amount of blood by venipuncture, which is unfeasible in such a fragile population. Methods: In this study, we implemented a targeted multiplex microfluidics q-PCR-based transcriptional fingerprint assay (TFA) on 50 µL of blood collected by a simple fingerstick to evaluate post-allo-HCT systemic immune perturbations associated with the development of GVHD. Fluctuations of a panel of 264 genes were measured in 31 allo-HCT patients by frequent (weekly or biweekly) analysis of 50 µL serial blood samples. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses correlated with detailed clinical annotations were performed. Results: Signatures of neutrophil activation and interferon (IFN) characterized the onset of acute GVHD, while an ongoing cytotoxic response was modulated in chronic mild GVHD and protein-synthesis and B-cell-related signatures characterized late acute/overlap GVHD. An unexpected erythroid signature distinguished patients with acute and mild chronic GVHD. Conclusions: Our micro-invasive approach unveiled the molecular heterogeneity of GVHD and identified hierarchically important biological processes conducive to different forms of GVHD. These findings increase our understanding of GVHD and reveal potentially targetable alterations. This approach might be implemented clinically to intercept GVHD before its occurrence and to modulate therapeutic interventions accordingly.
Examining Recent Climate Changes in Ghana and a Comparison with Local Malaria Case Rates
Authors: Adade Ekuwa , Smith Steven , Russell Andrew
Published: February 2025

This study investigated recent climate changes in Ghana and compared these changes to a new malaria case rates dataset for 2008–2022. The analysis was implemented at three spatial scales: national, regional, and by ‘climate zone’ (i.e., coastal, savannah, and forest zones). Descriptive statistics, qualitative discussion and correlation analysis were used to compare the climate variability to the malaria case rates. The climate analysis identified a general warming over the period with a mid-2010s maximum temperature peak in the forest and savannah zones, also associated with changes in the annual temperature cycle. Malaria case rates increased between 2008 and 2013, decreased sharply in 2014, and then decreased steadily from 2015 to 2022 for all scales. The sharp decline was broadly coincident with a change in the temperature regime that would provide a less favourable environment for the malaria vectors (precipitation and humidity showed no comparable changes). These coincident changes were particularly noticeable for an increase in maximum temperatures in the savannah and coastal zones in the key malaria transmission months after 2014. Correlation analysis showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) relationships between malaria case rates and mean and maximum temperatures at the national scale, and malaria case rates and mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures for the coastal climate zone (precipitation and humidity showed no significant correlations). However, more sophisticated methods are required to further understand this multidimensional system.