bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan LKPD berbasis Alur “MERDEKA” sebagai penguatan Literasi Numerasi dalam Implementasi Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Mufliva Rosiana , Fitriani Andhin Dyas , Iriawan Sandi Budi
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa berdasarkan hasil PISA 2018 yang dirilis OECD (2019) yang menunjukan bahwa rata-rata skor matematika peserta didik Indonesia mencapai 379 dengan skor rata-rata OECD 487. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelayakan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) berbasis alur “MERDEKA” sebagai upaya meningkatkan kompetensi literasi numerasi siswa khususnya pada bidang kajian bilangan dalam rangka mendukung tercapainya indikator hasil belajar siswa dan untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai respon siswa terhadap penggunaan LKPD berbasis alur “MERDEKA” pada bidang kajian bilangan di SD kelas 1. Penelitian ini metode penelitian desain didaktis (didactical design research) yang meliputi tahap analisis prospektif, analisis metapedadidaktis, dan analisis retrospektif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa LKPD matematika bidang kajian bilangan berbasis alur “MERDEKA” sangat layak untuk digunakan dengan persentase sebesar 93,3% dengan kategori sangat layak menurut ahli materi dan ahli desain LKPD. Sedangkan hasil uji coba terhadap peserta didik menunjukkan bahwa LKPD matematika bidang kajian bilangan berbasis alur “MERDEKA”ini menunjukkan persentase sebesar 90% dengan kategori sangat layak. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa LKPD matematika bidang kajian bilangan berbasis alur “MERDEKA”ini dapat digunakan untuk membantu siswa dalam memahami materi bilangan siswa kelas 1 SD dan mendukung pembelajaran berdiferensiasi.

 

 
Hambatan Berpikir Aljabar Siswa pada Konsep Perkalian Bilangan Cacah di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Wasitoh Iis , Karlimah Karlimah , Saputra Erwin Rahayu
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh banyaknya siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami konsep perkalian bilangan cacah dan lemah dalam keterampilan berpikir aljabar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis karakteristik hambatan belajar siswa sekolah dasar dalam keterampilan berpikir aljabar pada konsep perkalian bilangan cacah yang dilihat dari sudut pandang siswa, guru dan materi ajar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan menerapkan model Didactical Design Research (DDR). Partisipan penelitian terdiri dari 50 siswa kelas 4 dan kelas 5 dari sekolah dasar negeri di Tasikmalaya. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipatif, tes kemampuan berpikir aljabar, wawancara tidak terstruktur, dan studi dokumentasi. Penelitian mengidentifikasi tiga hambatan belajar. Pertama, hambatan ontogenik instrumental muncul saat siswa kesulitan merepresentasikan soal matematika dan melakukan perhitungan. Hambatan ontogenik konseptual tercermin dari kesulitan siswa mengenali pola penjumlahan berulang dan menghubungkannya dengan perkalian, serta hambatan ontogenik psikologis siswa ditunjukkan dalam ketegangan, kurang antusias, keraguan, dan ketidaknyamanan menyuarakan pendapat. Kedua, hambatan epistemologis tampak dari kesulitan siswa mengkomunikasikan penalaran dan pembuktian secara jelas. Ketiga, hambatan didaktis terlihat dalam pembelajaran yang kurang bermakna, pembelajaran sebatas hafalan, dan minim eksplorasi konsep

 
Analysis of The Achievement of Developmental Tasks for Class V Students of Public Elementary School 1 Tamanwinangun Kebumen to Support The Success of Differentiation Learning
Authors: Nurdianti Anggraeni Putri , Mardianingsih Dita , Novia Dwi Hana , Soraya Endah , Rosita Eva
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman mendalam tentang karakter siswa kelas V SD Negeri 1 Tamanwinangun dan bagaimana pendekatan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen yang efektif untuk menganalisis, menghargai, dan mengembangkan karakter siswa ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey, dimana metode ini memerlukan kuesioner ataupun pedoman wawancara yang berfungsi sebagai instrumen utama dalam proses pengumpulan data. Sampel yang diambil untuk penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 20 anak dari SD Negeri 1 Tamanwinangun. Pada Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini berupa penyebaran angket yang memuat beberapa informasi yang dibutuhkan untuk penelitian yang memuat karakteristik kepribadian siswa. Tahap analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu berupa pencatatan score yang dipergunakan untuk memberikan nilai terhadap objek yang diamati. Dari jumlah sampel sebanyak 20 siswa, diperoleh hasil berupa rata-rata konsistensi sebesar 2,05/11 dan rata-rata TP (Tingkat Perkembangan) sebesar 4,85 dengan simpangan baku 0,38 dan koefisien varaiansi sebesar 13,41%. Secara keseluruhan, Analisis Tugas Perkembangan (ATP) menunjukkan bahwa siswa kelas V SD Negeri 1 Tamanwinangun Kebumen termasuk dalam kategori Tingkat Konformitas (Kof) yaitu berada pada tingkat perkembangan 4,85 yang berarti siswa sudah mencapai tingkat sadar diri.
The Role of Principal Competence, Teacher Competency in School Accreditation Through Primary School Education Quality Standards, and Its Implications for Organizational Climate
Authors: Rodiyah Rodiyah , Suparmoko Muhammad , Mukhlis Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Kompetensi kepala sekolah dan kompetensi guru merupakan hal penting untuk meningkatkan standar mutu dan iklim organisasi.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan standar mutu Pendidikan, kompetensi kepala sekolah dan guru terhadap iklim organisasi dan akreditasi sekolah dasar di kota Cilegon. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui survey pada guru sekolah dasar berjumlah 200 orang dengan alat analisis Structural equation Modelling (SEM). Hasil penelitian antara lain: 1) ada pengaruh Kompetensi Kepala sekolah terhadap akreditasi sekolah dasar. 2) ada pengaruh Kompetensi Kepala sekolah terhadap iklim organisasi. 3) Standar ada pengaruh Kompetensi Kepala Sekolah Terhadap  Standar Mutu. 4)  ada pengaruh Pengaruh standar mutu terhadap akreditasi sekolah dasar. 5) ada Pengaruh Kompetensi guru terhadap akreditasi sekolah dasar. 6) ada Pengaruh Kompetensi guru terhadap  iklim organisasi. 7) ada Pengaruh Pengaruh Kompetensi guru terhadap  standar mutu. 8) Mediasi. Variabel kompetensi kepala sekolah dan guru terhadap standar mutu  dengan mediasi akreditasi sekolah dasar, dan kom P value 0.000 < 0.05 yang artinya terjadinya  mediasi semu (partially mediating).
Biodegradable Battery from Fruit Peels as an Effort to Develop Local Potential-Based Innovative Learning in Elementary Schools
Authors: Fatimah Siti , Suryandari Kartika Chrysti , Wijayanti Murwani Dewi , Mugiyo Surya Agung Wibowo , Dani Dini Rachma
Published: January 2024

Kurikulum merdeka memberikan kebebasan lebih bagi pendidik dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran. Potensi lokal menjadi salah satu sumber belajar dalam implementasi kurikulum merdeka khususnya untuk membentuk pembelajaran terdiferensiasi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis potensi lokal dari kulit buah sebagai biobaterai untuk mengembangkan inovasi media pembelajaran dan kontribusinya dalam pembelajaran di sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan experimental lab yang digunakan untuk membuktikan keberhasilan biobaterai dan studi literatur untuk menganalisis kontribusi biobaterai dalam kurikulum merdeka. Kulit buah yang digunakan adalah kulit pisang dan kulit singkong. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis konten materi yang ada dalam muatan IPAS berdasarkan kurikulum merdeka di sekolah dasar. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kulit buah pisang terbukti dapat dijadikan sebagai biobaterai dan dapat menjadi salah alternatif dalam media pembelajaran inovatif yang berbasis potensi lokal pada muatan IPAS di Fase C yaitu tentang Ancaman Krisis Energi pada elemen pemahaman sains dan keterampilan proses.
Preparation of HOTS-Based Learning Tools as Teacher Competency Development
Authors: Murtopo Dwi , Winarno Winarno , Atmojo Idam Ragil Wahyu
Published: January 2024

Menyusun perangkat pembelajaran yang berbasis HOTS merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengembangkan kompetensi guru dalam hal menyiapkan pembelajaran agar peserta didik dapat menguasai keterampilan berbasis HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah agar mengetahui pentingnya penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis HOTS sebagai upaya mengembangan kompetensi guru. Adapun jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan atau library research. Sebelum melakukan telaah bahan pustaka, peneliti harus mengetahui terlebih dahulu secara pasti tentang dari sumber mana informasi ilmiah itu akan diperoleh. Beberapa sumber yang digunakan antara lain: buku teks, jurnal ilmiah, referensi statistik, hasil-hasil penelitian dalam bentuk skripsi, tesis, desertasi, dan internet, serta sumber-sumber lainnya yang relevan. Hasil kajian pustaka dari berbagai sumber mengenai perangkat pembelajaran berbasis HOTS diperoleh bahwa: a) perangkat pembelajaran yang biasa dibuat oleh guru belum memasukkan unsur keterampilan HOTS di dalamnya; b) pengembangan keterampilan HOTS di dalam perangkat pembelajaran akan memberikan dampak positif kepada peserta didik; dan c) kompetensi guru perlu untuk ditingkatkan terus salah satunya dengan cara menyusun perangkat pembelajaran berbasis HOTS. Simpulan dari kajian di atas bahwa penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis HOTS memberikan dampak positif kepada peserta didik dan kompetensi guru.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi dalam Kurikulum Merdeka di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Rahmawati Risma
Published: January 2024

Pembelajaran diferensiasi merupakan metode yang dapat digunakan untuk memfasilitasi perbedaan karakteristik peserta didik dalam pembelajaran. Tujuan dari artikel ini yaitu: (1) mendeskripsikan strategi yang diperlukan dalam implementasi pembelajaran berdiferensiasi di kurikulum merdeka, dan (2) mengidetifikasi faktor yang menyebabkan guru mengalami kesulitan dalam implementasi pembelajaran berdiferesiasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu studi pustaka dengan tahapan: (1) menyiapkan referensi yang sesuai dengan topik, (2) membaca dan memahami referensi, (3) mengkaji dan merangkum referesi, dan (4) menyajikan dalam bentuk tulisan. Hasil dari artikel ini yaitu: (1)  implementasi pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dalam kurikulum merdeka dapat dilaksanakan melalui tiga strategi yang meliputi diferensiasi proses, produk, dan konten; (2) terdapat faktor yang menyebabkan guru megalami kesulitan dalam implementasi pembelajaran berdiferensiasi, yaitu: (a) pembelajaran berdiferensiasi memerlukan waktu yang cukup, (b) guru merasa harus mempersiapkan kegiatan berbeda untuk peserta didik, (c) guru tidak siap dalam membuat rencana dan modul pembelajaran, dan (d) guru merasa belum siap melaksanakan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi. Dengan demikian, masih terdapat kesulitan guru dalam pembelajaran berdiferensiasi meskipun sudah terdapat strategi pembelajaran berdiferensiasi yang dapat diterapkan.
Entrepreneurship Education for Prospective Elementary School Teachers in the VUCA Era
Authors: Arifin Muh. Husen
Published: January 2024

Berwirausaha di era VUCA menjadi tantangan dan peluang yang harus diinterpretasikan dengan baik, utamanya bagi mahasiswa calon guru sekolah dasar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengungkap tentang pentingnya mengimplementasikan pendidikan kewirausahaan bagi calon guru sekolah dasar. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan tahapan studi kasus pada 184 mahasiswa calon guru sekolah dasar di PGSD Kampus UPI di Cibiru. Hasil dari penelitian ini mahasiswa calon guru sekolah dasar dapat mengimplementasikan pendidikan kewirausahaan dengan menciptakan produk kreatif. Melalui pengalaman menciptakan produk kreatif tersebut maka calon guru sekolah dasar memiliki karakter berwirausaha yang dapat dikembangkan kelak sehingga bisa menjadi guru yang berwirausaha secara produktif.

 
The Role Of The School Principal And Student Mentality In Teacher Certification Through Dapodik Information And Organizational Learning
Authors: Muhamad Indra , Suparmoko Muhammad , Hardianto Ade Manggala
Published: January 2024

Umumnya, sertifikasi guru sebatas untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan, peningkatan mutu Pendidikan dan sebagai bukti kinerja guru. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk membangun model keterlibatan factor lain pada sertifikasi guru. Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif berupa data responden yang dikumpulkan melalui sebaran kuesioner pada guru sekolah dasar yang telah mendapat sertifikasi. Hasil penelitian antara lain: (1) ada pengaruh peran kepala sekolah terhadap informasi dapodik; (2) tidak ada pengaruh peran kepala sekolah terhadap pembelajaran organisasi; (3) ada pengaruh mental siswa terhadap informasi dapodik; (4) ada pengaruh mental siswa terhadap pembelajaran organisasi; (5) ada pengaruh informasi dapodik terhadap sertifikasi guru; serta (6) ada pengaruh pembelajaran organisasi terhadap sertifikasi guru.
SISTEM RESIRKULASI AIR OTOMATIS UNTUK PENGHEMATAN AIR BERSIH DAN ENERGI PADA BUDIDAYA IKAN NILA
Authors: Sukarno Ragil , Ramadhan Muhammad Fajar , Andriansyah Farezi , Adigutama Yudha , Syamsuir  , Sampurno Hari
Published: January 2024

The acidity and turbidity of water are essential factors in tilapia farming, so it is necessary to control the acidity (pH) and turbidity (NTU) of water. This research aims to develop an automatic water recirculation system to save the use of clean water and energy consumption in tilapia fish farming using a microcontroller based on pH and turbidity (NTU) values. The research method used is experimental, starting with design and manfacture an Experimental apparatus in the form of a fish pond from a box-shaped tarpaulin, a filter system, a water circulation system consisting of pipes and a pump that has a suction power of 25 lpm, an Arduino-based microcontroller water quality controller. Tests were carried out by comparing water's pH and NTU values before and after filtering. The results showed that using a water recirculation system in a fish pond equipped with a filter system and an Arduino-based microcontroller system can significantly maintain the pH value and reduce the turbidity level (NTU). Using a recirculation system provides energy savings for pump consumption of 51.4% at a water flow rate of 15 lpm and 32.3% at a water flow rate of 25 lpm compared to conventional systems. Overall, the recirculation system provides the benefits of energy savings in pump operation, savings in water usage, and controlled water quality.
Environmentally Friendly Rosin-Modified Silica Nanocomposite as High-Performance Plugging Agent for Drilling in Nano-Microporous Formations
Authors: Lei Ming , Sun Jinsheng , Huang Weian , Zhu Haiyan
Published: January 2024

The increasingly severe wellbore instability problem and the intensified environmental requirements necessitate the development of high-performance and environmentally friendly plugging materials for drilling fluid. In this work, a novel core-shell nanocomposite (PDSA) with nano-silica (nano-SiO2) as the rigid core and hydrophobic resin derived from dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) of pine rosin and crosslinked hydrophilic layer of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid and N, N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) as the polymer shell was synthesized through semi-continuous emulsion polymerization. The molecular structure of PDSA was confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis. Particle-size distribution and morphology measured by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that PDSA was a monodisperse nanosphere with a particle size of around 98 nm, with a core-shell structure and possessed excellent long-term colloidal dispersion stability. The nano-microporous plugging performance of PDSA was evaluated using tight sandstone cores, shale cuttings, and filter membranes (200–400 nm) as plugging media. The results showed that PDSA could form effective aggregated plugging zones in nano-micropores and fractures in sandstone core and shale samples, lowering the core permeability by 78% and improving the shale recovery to above 80%, superior to conventional plugging agents of nano-polyester (NP) and sulfonated asphalt. PDSA also effectively minimized the nano-micropore fluid loss for filter membranes under high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) conditions. Furthermore, based on the response surface methodology (RSM) design, the established statistical significant prediction model for HTHP nano-microporous fluid loss indicated the main controlling factor of temperature and its interactive effects with PDSA dosage and membrane size. The high-temperature-induced deformation of PDSA in conjunction with the rigid core was conducive to enhancing and maintaining the HTHP plugging effect within 180°C. The plugging mechanism of PDSA was revealed to be the core-shell synergistic plugging effects of the interparticle bridging and gap filling of the rigid core and the adhesive film forming of the rosin resin shell. The study might provide a novel strategy for preparing high-performance and eco-friendly nano-plugging agents from natural rosin to maintain wellbore stability and relieve environmental pressure, especially for applications in the deep shale and tight formations associated with high-temperature and nano-microporous harsh conditions and the environmentally sensitive areas.
Ethno-dermatological practices among Ao (Naga) tribe in Mokokchung district, Nagaland, India
Authors: Pegu Joynath , Bawri Amal , Baro Daimalu , Imlikumba  , Teron Robindra
Published: January 2024

Background
Skin diseases are among the common problems in the world. For centuries folk medicine and medicinal plants were employed by ethnic communities as medicines. A survey was carried out to document the medicinal plant diversity and folk formulation traditionally practiced by the Ao (Naga) tribe in Mokokchung district, Nagaland, India for the treatment of skin diseases.
Materials and Methods
The survey was carried out from September, 2021 to September, 2023. The information was gathered using a pre-structured questionnaire format. Discussion with the traditional healers was conducted.
Results
A total of 32 plant species belonging to 30 families were documented. Among the 32 plant species, 16 are herbs, 10 are shrubs, 4 are trees, and 2 are climbers. A total of 12 distinct skin disorders are reported commonly occurring among the Ao (Naga) tribes, which are treated traditionally. Among the different plant parts, leaves are most frequently used part for the treatment of various skin diseases followed by roots, latex, fruit, stems, bulbs, rhizomes and seeds. A total of 9 folk formulations that are used for the treatment of skin disease are also documented.
Conclusion
This study documented the traditional knowledge and folk medicine for the treatment of skin disorders, which will be helpful for further investigation in the field of pharmacognosy in the aspect of drug design and development.
Spatial tumor immune microenvironment phenotypes in ovarian cancer
Authors: Gerdtsson Anna , Mateoiu Constantina , Lokhande Lavanya , Diep Lan , Knulst Mattis , Carlsson Elias , Ek Sara , Sundfeldt Karin
Published: January 2024

Immunotherapy has largely failed in ovarian carcinoma (OC), likely due to that the vast tumor heterogeneity and variation in immune response have hampered clinical trial outcomes. Tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) profiling may aid in stratification of OC tumors for guiding treatment selection. Here, we used Digital Spatial Profiling to characterize regions of spatially distinct TIME phenotypes in OC. Tumors with diffuse immune-infiltration and increased tumor-immune spatial interactions have higher presence of IDO1, PD-L1, PD-1 and Tim-3, while focal immune niches had higher CD163 macrophages and a preliminary worse outcome. Immune exclusion was associated with presence of Tregs and activated fibroblasts. High-grade serous OC showed an overall stronger immune response and presence of multiple targetable checkpoints. Low-grade serous OC was associated with high expression of STING and endometrioid ovarian carcinoma had higher presence of CTLA-4. Mucinous and clear cell OC were dominated by focal immune clusters and immune-excluded regions, with mucinous tumors displaying T-cell rich immune niches, and clear cell tumors an overall low immune activation.
Brain volume changes after MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy in patients with essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Purrer Veronika , Pohl Emily , Borger Valeri , Boecker Henning , Paech Daniel , Sauer Malte , Zülow Stefan , Radbruch Alexander , Wüllner Ullrich , Schmeel Frederic
Published: January 2024

Background Magnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy is a recently developed technique for treatment of severe tremor syndromes. Less is known about potential cortical and subcortical structural changes after ablation of the ventral intermediate nucleus and how these are potentially related to tremor relief.Methods Using an automated artificial-intelligence based approach, cortical and subcortical brain volume changes were investigated in 49 patients with essential tremor (ET) and 19 patients with tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease (tdPD) before and six months after MRgFUS. Clinical outcome was assessed using the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor. To evaluate differences in brain volumes, patients were further categorized into a high and low tremor improvement (TI) group.Results Brain volumes did not differ significantly between ET and tdPD patients at baseline. In both entities, significant volume reductions were found in the thalamus treated with thalamotomy along with volume increases in the occipital lobe contralateral to the MRgFUS lesion. Furthermore, significant differences between high and low TI groups were found in the contralateral occipital lobe in both entities, and in the contralateral caudate nucleus in tdPD patients. A significant volume reduction was found in tdPD patients with high TI in ipsilateral parietal lobe, ipsilateral putamen, and contralateral pallidum.Conclusion Our results indicate that TI achieved by MRgFUS thalamotomy affects a complex basal ganglia-thalamo-visuo-cortical network in patients with ET and tdPD. We identified a consistent spatial pattern of brain volume changes, particularly occipital lobe enlargement contralateral to the thalamotomy side, strongly suggesting possible restorative/reshaping effects after TI.
Optimizing Mechanical Ventilation: Personalizing Mechanical Power to Reduce ICU Mortality - A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Alkhalifah Ahmed , Rumindo Kenny , Brincat Edgar , Blanchard Florian , Helleberg Johan , Clarke David , Popoff Benjamin , Duranteau Olivier , Mohamed Zubair Umer , Senosy Abdelrahman
Published: January 2024

Background
Mechanical ventilation, a crucial intervention for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), can lead to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). This study focuses on individualizing mechanical power (MP) in mechanically ventilated patients to minimize VILI and reduce ICU mortality.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted using the Amsterdam University Medical Centers Database (AmsterdamUMCdb) data. The study included patients aged 18 and older who needed at least 48 hours of pressure-controlled mechanical ventilation. Patients who died or were extubated within 48 hours and those with inadequate data were excluded. Patients were categorized into hypoxemia groups based on their PaO2/FiO2 ratio. MP was calculated using a surrogate formula and normalized to ideal body weight (IBW). Statistical analyses and machine learning models, including logistic regression and random forest, were used to predict ICU mortality and establish safe upper limits for IBW-adjusted MP.
Results
Out of 23,106 admissions, 2,338 met the criteria. Nonsurvivors had a significantly higher time-weighted average MP (TWA-MP) than survivors. Safe upper limits for IBW-adjusted MP varied across hypoxemia groups. The XGBoost model showed the highest predictive accuracy for ICU mortality. An individualization method for mechanical ventilation settings, based on real-time physiological variables, demonstrated reduced predicted mortality in a subset of patients.
Discussion
Elevated TWA-MP is associated with increased ICU mortality, underscoring the need for personalized mechanical ventilation strategies. The study highlights the complexity of VILI and the multifactorial nature of ICU mortality. Further studies to define a safe upper limit for IBW-adjusted MP may help clinicians optimize mechanical ventilation settings and decrease the risk of VILI and mortality.
Conclusions
Despite the fact that the study's retrospective design and reliance on a single-center database may limit the generalizability of findings, this study offers valuable insights into the relationship between mechanical power and ICU mortality, emphasizing the need for individualized mechanical ventilation strategies. The findings suggest a potential for more personalized, data-driven approaches in managing mechanically ventilated patients, which could improve patient outcomes in critical care settings.
Microstructural Changes and the Localised Mechanical and Crack Growth Properties in High and Low Speed FSW of 5182-H111 Alloy
Authors: Bernard Dreyer , Hattingh Danie , Goosen William , James Malcolm , Steuwer Axel , Buslaps Thomas
Published: January 2024

Achieving high speed friction stir welding has proven to be challenging for 5xxx-series alloys, as they experience strain hardening during plastic deformation, which is inherent in the FSW process. An earlier publication has discussed the conditions under which welding speeds of up to 1.5 m/min can be achieved in 5182-H111 alloy [1]. The mechanical performance of high speed friction stir welds in 5182-H111 alloy is both surprisingly good and relatively unexplored. Using plates of this alloy welded at a low linear speed of 0.2 m/min as well as at a high speed of 1.5 m/min, the present work evaluated local mechanical properties (microhardness, yield and tensile strength, and fatigue crack growth), in terms of the variation in local microstructure and residual stress. Microstructural variation was investigated via electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) and residual stresses were obtained using synchrotron X-ray diffraction strain scanning. The results obtained explain the increased, but different, yield strengths observed in the stir zone and TMAZ regions of the high speed weld and the crack growth rate thresholds.
Viral load suppression and retention in care among children and adolescents receiving multi-month anti-retroviral therapy refills: a program data review in Uganda.
Authors: Ainembabazi Bridget , Ssebunya Rogers N. , Akobye Winnie , Mugume Alexander , Nahirya-Ntege Patricia , Birungi Denise J. , Maganda Albert K. , Elyanu Peter J. , Kiragga Dithan
Published: January 2024

Background
In July 2022, Uganda’s ministry of Health extended the 2021 WHO guidelines that recommended 3–6 monthly dispensing of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to include all children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV). Treatment outcomes following this recommendation have not yet been documented. We compared viral load (VL) suppression and retention in HIV care rates among CALHIV receiving 1, 2–5 and > = 6 monthly ART dispensation in Uganda.
Methods
A cross-sectional study of electronic medical records in 118 health facilities was conducted. Data for CALHIV 10–19 years captured at their most recent five clinic visits as of 15th May 2023 were analysed. Most recent two VL < 1000 copies/ml were used as measures for VL suppression and sustained VL suppression. A client was considered retained in care if they visited the clinic within 28 days from their expected return visit date. We used margins plots and a modified poisson model adjusting for facility level clustering to assess VL suppression and retention across multi-month ART categories.
Results
A total of 2864 CALHIV, 1609 (56.2%) being females and with a median age of 12 years (iqr = 7) were included. Overall suppression and retention rates were 80.4% (2133/2654) and 87.8% (2514/2864) respectively. A significant number had been dispensed ART for ≥ 2 months (50%, 2–5 months and 43.5%, ≥ 6 months). Probability of having a suppressed VL was higher among CALHIV that had received ≥ 6 months and 2–5 months of ART compared to those of 1 month i.e., 83% vs 79% vs 41% respectively. Probability of being retained in care didn’t differ across multi-month ART categories. CALHIV who received ART for 2–5 months and ≥ 6 months compared to 1 month were more likely to have a suppressed VL; (adj.PR = 1.98; 95%CI:1.41, 2.80) and (adj.PR = 2.21; 95% CI:1.59, 3.05) respectively. CALHIV with a Tuberculosis diagnosis history were less likely to have a suppressed VL (adj.PR = 0.73; 95%CI:0.65,0.81), however this was not statistically significantly different between multi-month categories.
Conclusion
CALHIV receiving multi-month ART including 6 months dispensation had better VL suppression rates. Retention rates however didn’t differ by multi-month dispensing categories. We recommend multi-month ART dispensation including more than 6 months among CALHIV irrespective of their age, clinical stage, and history of prior co-morbidities.
Spatial Analysis of Meningococcal C Vaccination Coverage in Children in Brazil Between 2011 and 2021
Authors: Pereira Paula Luciana Gonçalves , Silva Thales Philipe Rodrigues , Gilmar José Coelho , Ferraz Marcela Lencine , Ribeiro Elice Eliane Nobre , Silva Tércia Moreira Ribeiro , Souza Maíza Diniz , Penido Fernanda
Published: January 2024

The objective is to analyze MenC vaccination coverage based on the temporal trend of MenC vaccination coverage over 11 years and its spatial distribution, based on the identification of spatial clusters with a large number of children susceptible to DM. This mixed ecological study was performed with secondary data on MenC vaccination coverage from 2011 to 2021 in Brazil. Descriptive analysis was used to assess annual MenC vaccine coverage based on geographic region and years analyzed. The Prais-Winsten linear regression model was used for trend analysis purposes: MenC vaccination coverage by state and region of Brazil was used as a dependent variable and the years analyzed as an independent variable. Spatial dependence and the incidence of spatial clusters formed by municipalities with high and low MenC vaccination coverage were evaluated using spatial statistical analysis. This study showed a downward trend in MenC vaccination coverage in Brazil, in the five regions and in 20 states, as well as a progressive increase in the number of spatial clusters with low vaccination coverage, mainly in the North and Northeast regions. These findings are expected to influence the formulation of practices, policies, programs and actions based on robust scientific evidence on the development of strategies and interventions for the prevention and health promotion of DM at national and global levels.
Mother adversity and co-residence time impact mother-child similarity in genome-wide and gene-specific methylation profiles
Authors: Labaut-Peñalver Lucia , Lage-Castellanos Agustin , Rodrigo Maria José , Herrero-Roldán Silvia , Mitchell Colter , Fisher Jonah , Leon Inmaculada
Published: January 2024

Background. The effects of adverse life events on physical and psychological health, with DNA methylation (DNAm) as a critical underlying mechanism, have been extensively studied. However, the epigenetic resemblance between mother and child in the context of neglectful caregiving, and whether it may be shaped by the emotional impact of maternal stressful events and the duration of co-residence (indexed by child age), remains unknown. The present study examined mother-child similarity in methylation profiles, considering the potential effect of mother adversity, mother empathy, neglect-control group, child age (an index of years of mother-child co-residence), and mother age. We quantified DNAm in 115 mother-child saliva samples and obtained a methylation similarity index by computing correlation coefficients between methylation profiles within dyads, for the entire epigenome, and five specific genes related to stress and empathy: NR3C1, FKPB5, OXTR, SCL6A4, and BDNF. Results. The methylation profiles of the mother-child familial pairs significantly correlated as compared to mother-child random pairs for the entire epigenome and NR3C1, FKBP5, OXTR and BDNF genes. Next, multiple linear regression models observed associations of mother adversity, child age, and neglect-control group on mother-child methylation similarity, only significant in mother-child familial pairs, after correcting for multiple comparisons. Higher mother adversity was associated with lower mother-child methylation similarity for the epigenome-wide analysis, for the BDNF gene, and in the neglect-control group for the OXTR gene. In turn, being an older child (longer co-residence) was associated with higher mother-child methylation similarity. Conclusions. Mother adversity and co-residence time are modulating factors in the intergenerational methylation process that offer a window into development-dependent adaptations that can be affected by both hereditary and environmental factors, significantly observed only in biological dyads. A twofold implication for child well-being emerges, one is positive in that children of mothers exposed to life adversity or neglect did not necessarily inherit their methylation patterns. The other is worrisome, since the time living together is a crucial environmental factor with a high impact on epigenetic transmission in children, reinforcing the need for “the earlier, the better” recommendation of the Child Protection System, which is not always followed.
A Case Report of Post Cesarean Section Vesico-Uterine Fistula (Youssef’s Syndrome) and Review of the Literatures
Authors: Lake Belaynew Keleb , Heyi Getu Dinku , Tsega Kassahun Alamrew , Workneh Meseret Ahunem , Ayicheh Aklilu Tesega , Workineh Zelalem Ayichew
Published: January 2024

Background: - Vesico-uterine fistula is one of the rare types of urogenital fistula that accounts for only 1-4%. Repeat cesarean section is a known cause of vesico uterine fistula. Patients with Youssef's syndrome had a classic triad of absence of incontinence, amenorrhea, and cyclic hematuria.
Case presentation: - A case of surgically managed post-cesarean section vesico-uterine fistula (Youssef's syndrome) patient after she presented with triads of cyclic hematuria, amenorrhea, and absence of urinary incontinence of 4 years duration which had managed by laparotomy with repair of fistulous tracts.
Conclusion: - Patients with Youssef's syndrome can present at any time following cesarean section, and diagnosis needs a high index of suspicion. Surgical repair of the fistulous tract is the mainstay of management.
Do diesel exhaust particles in pollen affect colony founding in the bumblebee B. terrestris?
Authors: Seidenath Dimitri , Mittereder Andreas , Hillenbrand Thomas , Brüggemann Dieter , Otti Oliver , Feldhaar Heike
Published: January 2024

The global insect decline threatens ecosystem functioning because insects provide many essential services, such as pollination or nutrient cycling. Pollution is one of the main drivers of insect decline besides land-use change, global warming, and invasive species. Airborne particulate matter, such as diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), is ubiquitous in the environment. Their effects on insects are still largely unknown. We provided queens and workers of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris with DEP-spiked pollen at the early colony founding stage and compared the colony development to control colonies. After ten weeks, we investigated individual and colony-level life history traits. We did not see any effects of DEP-spiked pollen on worker count, brood count, worker size and relative fat body weight. These results indicate no harmful effects of DEP on colony founding in B. terrestris in our single-stressor setup. Our novel approach adds to the understanding of the role that airborne particulate matter plays in the global insect decline and we are looking forward to seeing similar studies with other species and additional stressors, such as heat stress or food shortages.
Classification of the Different Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease Using 3d Transfer Learning Networks
Authors: Thamizhvani T. R. , Hemalatha R. J.
Published: January 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a brain ailment that gradually impairs thinking and memory abilities as well as the capacity to do even the most basic tasks. A proper diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial for patient treatment, particularly in the early stages of the illness when patients can take precautions before suffering irreparable brain damage. In the proposed approach, the hippocampus area is identified as a biomarker by segmenting the region using 3D deep learning algorithms from pre-processed 3D MRI images. The classification of stages of AD was performed using 3D transfer learning techniques. The image quality parameters and classification parameters are derived from the resultant data for the analysis of the significant technique for the segmentation of biomarker, hippocampus and classification of stages of AD. The pre-processed 3D images are segmented with the 3D deep learning algorithms. Based on the image quality comparison the AD hybrid net design is determined to be more efficient for segmentation of hippocampus region. Later the segmented images are produced as input to the layers of different 3D transfer learning algorithms for classification of stages of AD. With the help of the Classification parameters, VGG Net-16 defined to be more appropriate for the process of segmentation. Thus, an efficient segmentation and classification technique for the identification of the different stages of AD is determined using image quality and classification parameters with high accuracy. These techniques are implemented to define a computer-aided diagnostic system for identification and prediction of AD.
Improvement in Corrosion Performance of Additive Manufactured Stainless Steel and Ni-Based Superalloy in NaCl Solution
Authors: GÜNEN Ali , GÜROL Uğur , KOÇAK Mustafa , Cam Gurel
Published: January 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) has numerous advantages over traditional manufacturing methods, such as efficient material usage, production close to the final shape, development of new alloy components, and suitability for low-volume production. Among the AM methods, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), also known as arc direct energy deposition (Arc-DED) is ahead of other AM methods in producing large-scale complex metallic parts at more affordable costs. However, high heat input in the WAAM process, segregation between two successive melting layers, and surface defects due to high surface roughness lead to the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of these alloys not meeting the desired values. For this purpose, aluminizing process was applied as a secondary process to stainless steel and Ni-based super alloy samples produced by the WAAM method in this study. Then, the corrosion behavior of aluminide coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution was examined by open circuit potential and Tafel extrapolation method. The results of the study showed that the applied aluminide coatings reduced the surface roughness values of the WAAM component while improving the hardness values and microstructure. These aspects were found to decrease the corrosion potential and enhance corrosion resistance in both WAAM components. Aluminide coatings improved the corrosion resistance of stainless steels by 2.32 times and significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance of Inconel alloys by 13.9 times.
Human-Wildlife Conflicts patterns and underlying impacts: A systematic review
Authors: Shameer Thekke Thumbath , Routray Priyambada , Juanita Divinia , Udhayan  , Kanchana Rangaswamy , Ganesan Mannika Govindan , Kumari Dhayanithi Vasantha
Published: January 2024

Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a term often misunderstood, with most people restricting its use to the damage to humans and property by wildlife and not vice versa, thereby leading to a biased approach to its resolution. HWC is rising, primarily due to a growing human population and associated habitat destruction. The lack of critical analyses in the HWC challenge has led to inadequate and poor responses. A systematic review of HWC across India is necessary to understand the trends, hotspots, and significant species involved, develop appropriate mitigation measures, and propose a policy-level framework to minimise its impact on humans and wildlife. For this review, around 246 papers from the past ten years (2012–2022) were collected which mentioned HWC in their keywords. After screening the papers, 172 papers published in 166 different journals were found to be relevant to the present study. Among those 172 papers, most HWC-related papers have been published in Karnataka, followed by Kerala and West Bengal. The highest conflict species seems to be the elephant, followed by wild pigs and leopards. Some other species involved in conflicts are tiger, nilgai, macaque, etc. More focused research is needed on HWC to analyse every factor influencing the rise of HWC in India. Introducing an interdisciplinary approach and involvement of multiple stakeholders could help better manage HWC in India.
A person-centered approach to characterizing longitudinal ambulatory impairment in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Briggs Farren , Gunzler Douglas , Gunzler Steven
Published: January 2024

Ambulatory impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is common and complex, and poorly understood from the perspectives of those with PD. Gaining insights to the anticipated perceived trajectories and their drivers, will further facilitate patient-centered care. Latent class growth analysis, a person-centered mixture modelling approach, was applied to 16,863 people with PD stratified by early (N = 8612; <3 years), mid (N = 6181; 3–10 years) and later (N = 2070; >10 years) disease to discern clusters with similar longitudinal patterns of self-reported walking difficulty, measured by EuroQoL 5D-5L that is validated for use in PD. There were four clusters in early and mid-disease strata, with a fifth identified in later disease. Trajectories ranged from none to moderate mobility problems, with small clusters with severe problems. The percentage of subjects with moderate (early = 17.5%, mid = 26.4%, later = 32.5%) and severe (early = 3.8%, mid = 7.4%, later = 15.4%) mobility problems at baseline increased across disease duration groups. The trajectories tended to be stable with variability in moderate and severe groups. Across strata, clusters with moderate to severe problems were associated with more severe impairment, depression, anxiety, arthritis, higher BMI, lower income, and lower education, but no consistent race or gender differences. The findings reveal distinct longitudinal ambulatory patterns in PD based on a person-centered approach.
Ease of Sutureless aortic valve replacement in a patient with unexpected Ochronosis -A Case Report
Authors: Hosseini Saeid , Salari Soheila , Ansari Mohammad Javad Alemzadeh , Hesami Mahshid , Shojaei Mohammad Amin
Published: January 2024

Background: Alkaptonuria is a rare congenital metabolic disorder that results in homogenetic acid accumulation in body cartilage and connective tissues due lack of homogenetic acid dioxygenase enzyme. It has different clinical manifestations, including: spondyloarthropathy, eye and skin pigmentation, obstruction of the genitourinary tract by ochronosis stones, and involvement of the cardiovascular system. Cardiac ochronosis is a rare presentation of alkaptonuria that the patient has aortic stenosis with or without other cardiovascular involvement.
Case presentation: We present an unexpected case of ochronosis that diagnosed during cardiac surgery.Sutureless aortic valve replacement was done for her. Because of fragile, thin and atheromatous ascending aorta in patients with ochronosis, it seems that this sutureless valve replacement method is more suitable in these sorts of patients.
Conclusions: Although cardiac ochronosis is very rare, but the surgeons should keep it in mind and pay attention to the clinical manifestations of alkaptonuria when examining a patient with aortic valve stenosis.
Chronic Active Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in a Teenage Girl with Suspect Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Tseng Wen-Yu , Huang Shiu-Feng , Wu Chao-Yi , Chen Shih-Hsiang , Chen Chien-Chang
Published: January 2024

Background: The pathogenesis of chronic active Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) disease (CAEBV) is complex, involving infection, inflammation, and in some cases malignancy. EBV reactivates in some patients, who develop a chronic disease with infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms. On occasion, it might be confused with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), based on the similar symptoms and elevated liver enzymes. We aimed to describe a similar case to remind reader of this disease.
Case Presentation: A 14-year-old girl was diagnosed with AIH based on biopsy and biomarker findings 1 year prior to admission and initially presented with elevated liver enzymes, portal hypertension, and parenchymal liver disease. Despite steroid administration, her condition fluctuated, and she was admitted to the hospital several times. She underwent a renal biopsy because of massive ascites, hypoalbuminemia, and increased renal echogenicity. An evaluation for impaired liver function showed positivity for EBV IgM, IgG, and early antigen (EBEA) antibodies. A PCR-based assay showed 5265 copies/mL of EBV DNA in peripheral blood. Epstein–Barr encoding region (EBER) in situhybridization revealed abundant positive cells. Immunohistochemistry for CD56 also showed abundant positive cells, and CAEBV was diagnosed on this basis. Chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT), and liver transplantation were proposed but her family refused.
Conclusions: CAEBV should be considered when diagnosing AIH or in cases of treatment-refractory AIH.
Monitoring and geological advance prediction for tunnel construction: A case study of shangzhuang tunnel
Authors: Li Juan , Zhao Rengye , Cao Shengliang , Ni Bowen
Published: January 2024

During real-time tunnel construction in geologically complex areas, the settlement of rock formations with special physic-mechanical properties and freshly constructed tunnel segments have a serious impact on the progress and safety of the project. Therefore, the implementation of tunnel monitoring and advance geological prediction are important for tunnel construction. The mountain body where the Shangzhuang Tunnel is located is typically characterized by poor mechanical properties, rock fragmentation and weak stability. The vault subsidence, peripheral convergence inside the tunnel and surface settlement outside the tunnel were monitored by total station instrument; and the geo-radar was used to realize the geological advance prediction. The results show that, the change curves of vault subsidence and peripheral convergence with tunnel length have the same trend, which increase first and then decrease in general. Anomalous deformation of 8.7 mm was observed at the mileage of 683 m. The results of geological advance prediction are consistent with the on-site observation, which can provide reference for the safe, smooth and economic construction of the tunnel project.