bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving image quality with model-based iterative reconstruction at quarter of nominal dose in upper abdominal CT
Authors: Zhang Xirong , Chen Jing , Yu Nan , Ren Zhanli , Tian Qian , Tian Xin , He Taiping , Guo Changyi
Published: September 2018

Objective:

To evaluate the ability of a model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) for improving image quality in upper abdominal CT with quarter of the normal dose, in comparison with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASiR) at normal dose.

Methods:

40 upper abdominal patients were randomly divided into two groups: normal-dose group (n = 20) with tube current modulation for noise index (NI) of 10 HU and 40% ASiR reconstruction; low-dose group (n = 20) with NI = 20  HU in the delay phase and MBIR and 40%ASiR. Images in the delay phase were compared. The CT values and standard deviation (SD) values of the liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney, erector spine and fat were measured. Contrast-noise-ratio (CNR = (CTtissue-CT fat)/SDfat) of each measured organ were calculated and compared with one-way ANOVA among the three reconstruction groups. The subjective image scores of the three groups were assessed blindly by two experienced physicians using a 5-point system and the score consistency was compared by the κ test.

Results:

Dose reduction of 75 % was achieved for the low-dose scan. The subjective scores (95 % confidence intervals) of the three groups (NI 10–40 %  ASiR, NI 20–40%  ASiR and NI 20-MBIR) were 4.00 ± 0.79 (3.62–4.37), 3.35 ± 0.58 (3.07–3.62) and 3.90 ± 0.64 (3.60–4.19), respectively with no difference between the NI 10–40%  ASiR and NI20-MBIR groups and good consistency between reviewers (κ = 0.726). MBIR had statistically lower SD values and higher contrast-to-noise ratio values in the liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney and erector spine than NI 10–40%  ASiR and NI 20–40%  ASiR (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

At 75 % dose reduction, MBIR provides similar image quality compared to 40% ASiR at normal-dose.

Advances in knowledge:

MBIR provides good image quality at 25 % of the normal dose.
Efficacy of an 8-week course of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for the treatment of HCV infection in selected HIV-infected patients
Authors: Ogbuagu Onyema , Hao Ritche , Virata Michael , Villanueva Merceditas S. , Malinis Maricar
Published: September 2018

Background: With the availability of direct acting antiviral treatment for hepatitis C (HCV), HIV and HCV co-infected patients show comparable treatment responses to HCV-monoinfected patients. An 8-week course of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) is highly effective for the treatment of HCV genotype 1 infection in treatment-naïve mono-infected patients with HCV viral loads <6 million IU/ml. There is limited data on the efficacy of this 8-week HCV treatment regimen in HIV-infected individuals with similar viral loads.

Methods: The study was a retrospective review of HIV-infected adults coinfected with HCV genotype 1 for whom an 8-week course of SOF/LDV was prescribed by providers at two clinics in the Yale-New Haven Health system from November 1, 2014 until April 30, 2016. Treatment efficacy was assessed as the proportion of treatment initiators who achieved a sustained virologic response 12 weeks after completion of therapy (SVR 12).

Results: Nineteen patients met study eligibility criteria and included 14 men (74%); and 12 African-Americans (63%). All patients were on antiretroviral therapy with fully suppressed HIV viral loads and were HCV treatment-naïve. All patients had pre-treatment HCV viral loads <6 million IU/mL. Eighteen patients (95%) completed HCV treatment. Overall, SVR 12 was 95%, with 1 treament failure occurring due to suboptimal adherence.

Conclusion: Among our HIV-infected patient cohort with HCV genotype 1 infection, 95% of those treated with an 8 week course of SOF/LDV achieved SVR 12. This is comparable to the efficacy of the same treatment regimen in patients without HIV infection. This study lends proof of concept to the use of shorter course SOF/LDV treatment for HIV-HCV genotype 1 coinfected patients with viral loads <6 million IU/ml. Larger studies are indicated to validate our findings.
Recent trends in the management of advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Ritch Chad , Cookson Michael
Published: September 2018

Advanced prostate cancer includes a wide spectrum of disease ranging from hormone naïve or hormone sensitive to castration resistant, both containing populations of men who have demonstrable metastatic and non-metastatic states. The mainstay of treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, recent level 1 evidence demonstrates that the addition of chemotherapy or abiraterone acetate to ADT results in significant survival advantage as compared with ADT alone. Furthermore, in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (M0 CRPC), two second-generation anti-androgens, apalutamide and enzalutamide, when used in combination with ADT, have demonstrated a significant benefit in metastasis-free survival. Here, we review the most recent studies leading to these significant changes in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Root mass may affect soil water infiltration more strongly than the incorporated residue
Authors: Oda Masato , Rasyid Burhanuddin , Omae Hide
Published: September 2018

Crop residue incorporation increases stable soil pores and soil water infiltration and reduces surface water runoff and soil erosion. However, few studies have examined the relationship between crop residue incorporation and water infiltration. A previous study showed that water infiltration increases depending on the quantity of applied wheat straw. In this study, we examined whether the relationship is applicable to different crop residues in a crop rotation. We grew corn, rose grass, and okra in crop rotation under plastic film houses and measured the water infiltration rate at the time of ridge making. A strong correlation was found between the quantity of applied residue and the soil water infiltration rate (r = 0.953), although there are outliers in the case of no prior crop. However, aboveground biomass of the prior crop showed a stronger correlation with water infiltration rate (r = 0.965), without outliers. Previous studies have revealed the exponential relation between plant root mass and soil erosion. Our data also show a positive relationship between resistance to erosion and root mass when assuming that aboveground biomass is proportional to the underground biomass. The result also showed that the effect of the prior crop root mass disappears within the next crop period. Our results indicate that maintaining a large root biomass is crucial for reducing soil erosion.
Improved inference of chromosome conformation from images of labeled loci
Authors: Ross Brian C. , Costello James C.
Published: September 2018

We previously published a method that infers chromosome conformation from images of fluorescently-tagged genomic loci, for the case when there are many loci labeled with each distinguishable color. Here we build on our previous work and improve the reconstruction algorithm to address previous limitations. We show that these improvements 1) increase the reconstruction accuracy and 2) allow the method to be used on large-scale problems involving several hundred labeled loci. Simulations indicate that full-chromosome reconstructions at 1/2 Mb resolution are possible using existing labeling and imaging technologies. The updated reconstruction code and the script files used for this paper are available at: https://github.com/heltilda/align3d.
A community-based parent-support programme to prevent child maltreatment: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Furlong Mairead , Stokes Ann , McGilloway Sinead , Hickey Grainne , Leckey Yvonne , Bywater Tracey , O’Neill Ciaran , Cardwell Chris , Taylor Brian , Donnelly Michael ,   ENRICH Research Team
Published: September 2018

The prevention of child abuse and neglect is a global public health priority due to its serious, long-lasting effects on personal, social, and economic outcomes. The Children At Risk Model (ChARM) is a wraparound-inspired intervention that coordinates evidence-based parenting- and home-visiting programmes, along with community-based supports, in order to address the multiple and complex needs of families at risk of child abuse or neglect. This paper presents the protocol for a study that will be carried out to evaluate this new service model (i.e. no results available as yet). The study comprises a multi-centre, randomised controlled trial, with embedded economic and process evaluations. The study will be conducted in two child-welfare agencies within socially disadvantaged settings in Ireland. Families with children aged 3-11 years who are at risk of maltreatment (n = 50) will be randomised to either the 20-week ChARM programme (n = 25) or to standard care (n = 25) using a 1:1 allocation ratio. The primary outcomes are incidences of child maltreatment and child behaviour and wellbeing. Secondary outcomes include quality of parent-child relationships, parental stress, mental health, substance use, recorded incidences of substantiated abuse, and out-of-home placements. Assessments will take place at pre-intervention, and at 6- and 12-month follow-up periods. The study is the first evaluation of a wraparound-inspired intervention, incorporating evidence-based programmes, designed to prevent child abuse and neglect within high risk families where children are still living in the home. The findings will offer a unique contribution to the development, implementation and evaluation of effective interventions in the prevention of child abuse and neglect.

The trial is registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register (DOI 10.1186/ISRCTN13644600, Date of registration: 3rd June 2015).
МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ ИДЕОЛОГО-ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ЛОГИСТИКИ В ОЦЕНКЕ ПОЛИТИКИ МЯГКОЙ СИЛЫ В ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЕ ТУРЕЦКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ
Authors: Zhitnov Evgeny Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2018

В статье представлена краткая информация об основных элементах образовательной политики Турецкой Республики, также статья рассматривает исторические пути развития системы образования со времен Османской Империи до настоящего времени. Данная работа позволяет рассмотреть влияние, оказываемое Турецкой Республикой на другие государства через политику мягкой силы. По системе расчета индекса образовательного потенциала, основанного на квалиметрической модели идеолого-образовательной логистики, предлагается качественно рассмотреть основные тенденции национальных систем образования как фундамента, позволяющего оказывать влияния на отдельные регионы мира, используя свой накопленный потенциал. Отмечается внешне-образовательная функция Турецкой Республики, выраженная в системе развития качественного и конкурентоспособного образования, позволяющего развивать внешнеполитический курс, выбранный руководством государства.Целью исследования является анализ основных факторов, влияющих на образовательную политику Турецкой Республики, выраженной в структурных оценках политики мягкой силы.Задачи исследования:– определить и исследовать основные закономерности, позволяющие выявить условия расширения системы национального образования Турецкой Республики на другие регионы мира;– исследовать исторический путь развития системы национального образования от Османской Империи до современной Турецкой Республики;– качественно характеризовать степень конкурентоспособности образовательной системы Турецкой Республики;– конкретизировать ценностные ориентиры национальных образовательных систем, влияющих на формирование политики мягкой силы.– разработать методологические основы концепции по оценке государственно-образовательной политики, основанной на количественно-качественной модели идеолого-образовательной логистики, по оценке индекса развития образования.Объект исследования – система государственно-образовательной политики Турецкой Республики.Предмет исследования – факторы, структуры, системы, модели и основные направления трансформации образовательной политики, выражаемые в политике мягкой силы и распространением ее на другие регионы мира, реализуемые Турецкой Республикой.Результаты. Результаты работы заключаются в том, что автор сделал попытку создать интегральную модель оценки уровня развития государства, основанной на широком диапазоне различных информативных данных, включающих различные показатели.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в педагогической, экономической, политической деятельностях, где требуется оценить уровень развития государства как в отдельном, так и интегральных аспектах.
РАСЧЕТ СИНТЕЗИРУЕМОГО ОПТИМАЛЬНОГО И КВАЗИОПТИМАЛЬНОГО РЕГУЛЯТОРА
Authors: Strelkov Alexander Andreevich , Arutyunyan Ayk Araikovich
Published: September 2018

В настоящее время построена математическая теория оптимального управления. На её основе разработаны способы построения оптимальных по быстродействию систем и процедуры аналитического конструирования оптимальных регуляторов.Решаемую в данной работе задачу в современной теории управления принято называть задачей аналитического конструирования оптимального регулятора (АКОР).Цель – необходимо найти закон обратной связи U(Х), который переводит объект из начального состояния Х(0) = Х0 в конечное состояние Х(∞) = 0 с наименьшим значением функционала качества, объявленного ранее.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались математические методы и модели.Результаты: В настоящее время построена математическая теория оптимального управления. На её основе разработаны способы построения оптимальных по быстродействию систем и процедуры аналитического конструирования оптимальных регуляторов.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты могут быть использованы инженерами в различных отраслях промышленности при проектировании оптимальных по точности электроприводов, построенных на базе вентильных синхронных двигателей переменного тока (роботы и манипуляторы, приводы подач и главное движения металлорежущих станков, координатные устройства, автоматические линии по обработке различных материалов или сборке изделий, упаковочные и печатные машины, принтеры и плоттеры, намоточные и лентопротяжные механизмы).
Compliance program of the organization
Authors: Черепанова Вера , Cherepanova Vera
Published: September 2018

A relatively young business area of compliance is rapidly gaining importance all over the world. An effective compliance risk management program can bring many benefits to an organization of any size, including increased overall productivity.
This practical guide demonstrates step by step how to prevent, detect and respond to violations of business ethics and compliance, taking into account key international and Russian regulatory requirements, trends in their implementation, as well as the best practices of well-known corporations.
The book is addressed to compliance managers, corporate lawyers, internal auditors, managers, members of the Board of Directors, as well as students of legal and economic areas and specialties.
Explore First, Exploit Next: The True Shape of Regret in Bandit Problems
Authors: Garivier Aurélien , Ménard Pierre , Stoltz Gilles
Published: September 2018

We revisit lower bounds on the regret in the case of multiarmed bandit problems. We obtain nonasymptotic, distribution-dependent bounds and provide simple proofs based only on well-known properties of Kullback–Leibler divergences. These bounds show in particular that in the initial phase the regret grows almost linearly, and that the well-known logarithmic growth of the regret only holds in a final phase. The proof techniques come to the essence of the information-theoretic arguments used and they involve no unnecessary complications.
How clean is clean?
Authors: Bacon Peter
Published: September 2018

A look and the reduction of protein adhesion to dental instruments using a pre-treatment foam with Dentisan's Technical Director Peter Bacon, who evaluates the results of some in-house research
Helping patients to quit
Authors: Rawsthorne Patricia
Published: September 2018

Patricia Rawsthorne considers smoking cessation and the role of the dental nurse
Is this patient ‘trouble’?
Authors: Collier Andrew
Published: September 2018

Some new patients may at first appear to be problematic – some of them are, but not always. Here, Andrew Collier looks at a dilemma that dental teams may face
The secrets of a good dental nurse-dentist relationship
Authors: Bissett Gaby
Published: September 2018

Nina Tetra and Mervyn Druian talk to Gaby Bissett about 15 years of professional boundaries, mutual respect – and a lot of humour!
Maintaining or improving nutrition and hydration in dysphagia
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: September 2018

Linda Nazarko explains how nurses can ensure that patients with dysphagia do not become malnourished
Understanding Cow's Milk Protein Allergy in primary care
Authors: Dhruve Hetal
Published: September 2018

Hetal Dhruve explains what nurses need to know about this common allergy
The Value Chain Analysis to Support Industrial Cluster Development of Oil Palm-Cattle Integration in Pelalawan Regency
Authors: Kristiana Kristiana , Kusharsanto Zulfika Satria , Hutapea Ramos
Published: September 2018

As a region with the largest oil palm plantations in Indonesia, Pelalawan Regency is highly potential to develop a program of oil palm-cattle integration. Pelalawan has implemented the program legitimated by Regent Decree Number KPTS./524/Disnak/2012/472 regarding Zoning Regulation on the development of Oil Palm-Cattle Integration. The program of oil palm-cattle integration itself has been the basis for the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture Number 105 Year 2014 regarding the Integration of Oil Palm Plantation and Beef Cattle Farming. Moreover, the integration system of oil palm-cattle gives a lot of benefit to farmers, for example the utilization of manure as organic fertilizers could reduce farmer’s expenses for chemical fertilizers and the cattle can be an asset for them. Products made from the integrated program are solid manure, liquid organic fertilizer, fodder, biogas, and beef. To improve the competitiveness of those activities, we can analyze the value chain which includes product design, inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing, sales, services and supporting activities. By using a value chain analysis, this study aims to provide recommendations for strengthening programs which could be implemented to improve the value-added of the products.

 

Keywords: oil palm-cattle integration, value chain, value-added, industrial cluster
THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COMPOUNDS FROM LEAVES OF ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA-URS
Authors: Куркин (Kurkin) Владимир (Vladimir) Александрович (Аleksandrovich) , Рязанова (Ryazanova) Татьяна (Tat'yana) Константиновна (Konstantinovna) , Жестков (Zhestkov) Александр (Аleksandr) Викторович (Viktorovich) , Лямин (Lyamin) Артем (Аrtem) Викторович (Viktorovich) , Авдеева (Avdeeva) Елена (Elena) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Куркина (Kurkina) Анна (Аnna) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) , Правдивцева (Pravdivtseva) Ольга (Ol'ga) Евгеньевна (Evgen'evna) , Агапов (Agapov) Альберт (Аl'bert) Иванович (Ivanovich)
Published: September 2018

The aim of this paper is the isolation of individual compounds, which are caused the antibacterial activity of the leaves of the bearberry [Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.]. The leaves of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, collected in Perm region, there were extracted with 70% ethanol, the obtained water-alcoholic infusion there was evaporated in vacuum.By means of the chromatographic methods with the using of silica gel 40/100 and eluent systems (chloroform and ethanol in several ratio) from the evaporated water-alcoholic extract of the leaves of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, a substance with antibacterial activity, ethyl ester of p-digallic acid, which is a new natural compound, was isolated along with arbutin ((1-О-b-D-glucopyranoside of hydroquinone) from the leaves of this plant. The chemical structures of the ethyl ester of p-digallic acid and arbutin were established with the using of data of 1H-NMR-spectroscopy, UV-spectroscopy and mass-spectrometry..The antibacterial activity of ethyl ester of p-digallic acid against test cultures of gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the first time was determined. By antibacterial activity, arbutin was inferior not only to ethyl ester of p-digallic acid, but also to decoction from the leaves of the bearberry. Consequently, the ethyl ester of p-digallic acid is one in main component, which is take the contribution in the antibacterial activity of the decoction and other preparations of the leaves of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi.
METHOD OF THE RAPID ANALYSIS OF 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE CONTENT IN PLANTS AND FERNS USING SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION ON POLYAMIDE AND MICROCOLUMN HPLC-UV
Authors: Оленников (Olennikov) Даниил (Daniil) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) , Кащенко (Kashchenko) Нина (Nina) Игоревна (Igorevna)
Published: September 2018

A method for the rapid quantitative analysis of 20-hydroxyecdysone in plants was developed using the microcolumn reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection (246 nm) on the  ProntoSIL-120-5-C18 column (2×75 mm) and the gradient eluent system LiClO4/HClO4-acetonitrile. The chromatographic stage of the analysis was 5 minutes long, which made it possible to characterize the technique as the fastest. For preliminary purification of the plant extracts, solid phase extraction on polyamide was used which led to an increase in the sensitivity of the analysis. Validation studies showed that the technique characterized by satisfactory metrological data. The values of the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 20-hydroxyecdysone were 3.3 and 10 μg/ml, respectively. The accuracy indices for various levels of 20-hydroxyecdysone content (80–120%) did not exceed 98.57–101.38%. The method applied to the analysis of 20-hydroxyecdysone in 359 species of flowering plants and 12 ferns species growing on the territory of the Buryatia Republic. The presence of 20-hydroxyecdysone was established in 22 species including 18 flowering plants and 4 ferns. The concentration levels of 20-hydroxyecdysone in plants varied from trace (Athyrium filix-femina, Diplazium sibiricum, Pteridium aquilinum) to very high (25.40 mg/g in Rhaponticum uniflorum and 25.87 mg/g in Silene jeniseensis). The presence of 20-hydroxyecdysone was firstly detected in three species including Gastrolychnis gracilis, G. saxatilis and Silene violascens. The developed technique is fast, simple, sensitive and stable and can be recommended for searching purpose to evaluate the new plant sources of 20-hydroxyecdysone.
THE RELATIVE VISCOSITY OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF Na-CARBOXY¬METHYLCELLULOSE AND ITS VARI-ATION DEPENDING ON THE ACIDITY OF THE MEDIUM, TEMPERATURE AND EXPOSURE TO ELECTROMAG-NETIC FIELD
Authors: Стась (Stas) Ирина (Irina) Евгеньевна (Evgen'evna) , Батищева (Batishcheva) Ирина (Irina) Аркадьевна (Arkad'evna)
Published: September 2018

The effect of pH on the relative viscosity of dilute Na-CMC solutions was studied. It shows a monotonic increase with increasing pH. The measurements were carried out in the temperature range 5–30 °C. Based on the dependence of the relative viscosity on temperature, the temperature coefficients of viscosity and the activation energy of the viscous flow of polymer solutions were determined. An increase in the activation energy in alkali solutions of Na-CMC is shown. An increase in the relative viscosity of solutions is established when water, exposed to an electromagnetic field of 170 MHz, is used as a solvent. The effect is observed with all the pH and temperature used in the work. The maximum viscosity increase of 0.1% solutions is observed at a temperature of 15 °C and pH = 12 and is 16.5%. As the polymer concentration increases from 0.1 to 0.5%, higher viscosity values of the solutions prepared in the water irradiated with the electromagnetic field are also observed, as compared to the control samples. An increase in the activation energy of the viscous flow of solutions prepared in irradiated water has also been established. The cause of the observed phenomena can be the weakening of solvation processes in irradiated water and an increase in the rigidity of the chain of macromolecules.
ARE THE PLANTS OF THE FAMILY HYDROCHARITACEAE A NEW SOURCE OF TANNINS?
Authors: Алехина (Alekhina) Елена (Elena) Анатольевна (Аnatol'evna) , Ефремов (Efremov) Андрей (Аndrej) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) , Емельянова (Emelyanova) Ольга (Ol'ga) Александровна (Aleksandrovna)
Published: September 2018

The plants of the families Salicaceae, Fagaceae, Pinaceae are traditional sources of tannins. However, earlier in the leaf tissues of some marine (Enhalus, Thalassia) and freshwater (Stratiotes) genuses of the family Hydrocharitaceae, idioblasts containing condensed tannins were found. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to determine the content of tannins in the phytomass of plants of the family Hydrocharitaceae (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, Hydrilla verticillata, Stratiotes aloides, Egeria densa, Elodea canadensis) and medicinal plants − traditional sources of tannins (Quercus robur, Urtica dioica, Bidens tripartita).As a result of the research hydrolyzed tannins has been found in Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, and a mixture of hydrolyzed and condensed tannins in Stratiotes aloides, Elodea canadensis, Egeria densa, Hydrilla verticillata. Stratiotes aloides (3.1±0.1% of dry matter) and Hydrilla verticillata (2.8±0.1%) are characterized by the greatest content of tannins, Elodea canadensis (1.1 ± 0.1%) characterized by the minimal content. The shelf life of the dried phytomass does not affect the content of tannins. Statistical processing of the results of determination of tannins in the phytomass Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, Stratiotes aloides and Elodea canadensis, performed in different years, showed their convergence.The results of these studies allow us to consider the plants of the family Hydrocharitaceae as a potential source of tannins, comparable to such official sources as Urtica dioica and Bidens tripartita.
COMPARISON OF THE QUALITATIVE COMPOSITION OF LAURUS NOBILIS LEAVES EXTRACTS OBTAINED BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION AND MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION
Authors: Прокопчук (Prokopchuk) Денис (Denis) Игоревич (Igorevich) , Покровский (Pokrovskiy) Олег (Oleg) Игоревич (Igorevich) , Паренаго (Parenago) Ольга (Ol'ga) Олеговна (Olegovna) , Багателия (Bagatelia) Саида (Saida) Амирановна (Аmiranovna) , Марколия (Markolia) Алхас (Аlkhas) Анатольевич (Аnatol'evich) , Покрышкин (Pokryshkin) Сергей (Sergej) Александрович (Аleksandrovich) , Лунин (Lunin) Валерий (Valerij) Васильевич (Vasil'evich)
Published: September 2018

Along with traditional methods for processing aroma plants, such as steam distillation or extraction with organic solvents, novel alternative approaches are developed which provide the means for a more effective isolation of biologically active compounds from plant matrices and simultaneously possess ecological attractiveness. Supercritical fluid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction can be attributed to such approaches. Their implementation into routine practice is partially hampered by somewhat vague understanding of applicability areas of these methods as well as by the lack of knowledge on the influence of process parameters on the result. In this work, we performed a comparison of the applicability of supercritical fluid and microwave-assisted extraction techniques for the isolation of biologically active compounds from leaves of Laurus nobilis L. It was shown that microwave-assisted extraction allows obtaining oil containing only volatile terpene components. Supercritical fluid extraction allows isolation of not only volatile terpenes from laurel leaves, but a broader spectrum of compounds including eugenol derivatives, phytosteroids and tocopherols. Qualitative composition of supercritical fluid extracts is virtually independent on process parameters, only quantitative differences in component proportions are registered.
SEASONAL DYNAMICS OF POLYSACCHARID CONTENT IN RAW MATERIALS REYNOUTRIA JAPОNICA
Authors: Зорикова (Zorikova) Ольга (Ol'ga) Геннадиевна (Gennadievna) , Маняхин (Manyakhin) Артем (Artem) Юрьевич (Yur'evich) , Боровая (Borovaya) Светлана (Svetlana) Александровна (Aleksandrovna) , Раилко (Railko) Светлана (Svetlana) Петровна (Petrovna)
Published: September 2018

The dynamics of the accumulation of water-soluble polysaccharides in various organs of Reynoutria japonica Hout (Polygonaceae), harvested in the Ussuriisk region of the Primorye Territory in different phases of vegetation, has been studied. As a result of the studies, four polysaccharide fractions were isolated from the raw materials of R. japonica organs: water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances, hemicellulose A and B, which are fixed in all organs of the plant during the observation period.The chemical composition of R. japonica has been studied insufficiently and unilaterally. The secondary metabolites of the phenolic complex have been studied mainly, whereas there is practically no information on the carbohydrate composition, although this group of compounds plays an important role in the plant ecophysiology and shows a pronounced physiological activity. The conducted studies have established that the maximum content of biologically active polysaccharides (water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances) in the leaves is noted in the phase of the beginning of vegetation, in the buds of budding and flowering phases, in the roots in the phase of drying. The content of hemicellulose A and B is characterized by stability and changes insignificantly during the season.The obtained results allow to establish scientifically justified terms of raw material preparation for effective practical use.
Expressividade na escrita escolar
Authors: Lima Sirleide de Almeida , Sousa Filho Sinval Martins de
Published: September 2018

Neste artigo, analisamos a expressividade de textos escolares produzidos em oficina de poesia e averiguamos marcas linguístico-discursivas em montagens e desmontagens de arranjos lexicogramaticais. A proposta da oficina propiciou aos jovens discussões sobre diferentes gêneros discursivos; especialmente, dos textos ligados aos gêneros poéticos que permitem reflexões sobre a língua e um trabalho com recursos expressivos que se concretizam de maneira singular. Inscritos nos pressupostos filosófico-linguísticos de Bakhtin, discutimos qual repercussão a definição de língua como objeto dos estudos linguísticos e a necessidade de sistematização epistemológica têm nos valores que recaem sobre as reflexões dos procedimentos didático-metodológicos no ensino de língua materna. O aporte metodológico centra-se no estudo de caso e nas postulações metodológicas de Bakhtin para o estudo de enunciados. Os resultados permitem-nos considerar que a produção escrita articulada a um processo de interação verbal melhora a proficiência escritora e os graus de adequação discursiva dos alunos.
Reflexão sobre pontos de congruência entre texto e hipertexto
Authors: Arruda Hissa Débora Liberato , Custódio Valdinar
Published: September 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo participar da ainda corrente polêmica sobre as relações entre texto e hipertexto. Partimos da consideração a respeito das críticas sobre o tratamento reducionista dos estudos que defendem ser todo texto um hipertexto, para propor um caminho de análise que evite tal reducionismo. Com isso, pretendemos contribuir para o fortalecimento dos postulados feitos sobre o hipertexto, indicando que os estudos a respeito da esfera digital podem se beneficiar enormemente se evitarem uma perspectiva dicotômica de comparação e se adotarem uma concepção de texto menos restritiva e mais fidedigna dos estudos feitos atualmente em Linguística Textual. Â
construções existenciais e o problema da avaliação linguística
Authors: Vitório Elyne Giselle de Santana Lima Aguiar
Published: September 2018

Tendo em vista que o estudo de uma comunidade de fala não deve se esgotar na descrição e caracterização de seus traços linguísticos, mas também deve buscar explicitar suas atitudes avaliativas, pois o prestígio ou o estigma que uma comunidade associa a determinada variante pode acelerar ou barrar uma mudança na língua, mensuramos as normas subjetivas dos falantes maceioenses em relação à variação ter e haver em construções existenciais e à concordância verbal associada a essas formas verbais. Para tanto, recorremos à Teoria da Variação e Mudança Linguística (WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 1968; LABOV, 1972) e utilizamos um teste de reação subjetiva composto por 20 questões, que foi aplicado a 60 informantes maceioenses. Nossos dados apontam não só que ter é o verbo existencial preferido, mas na situação formal e nos tempos pretérito imperfeito e perfeito e futuro do presente, há um aumento na escolha de haver, o que parece indicar que estamos diante de um marcador linguístico, como também que haver e ter na terceira pessoa do plural – 3PP são as variantes preferidas, sendo mais frequentes na situação formal e nos tempos pretérito imperfeito e perfeito, sugerindo que não há estigma no uso dessas variantes.
O meme como gênero discursivo nativo do meio digital
Authors: Guerra Christiane , Giacomini Botta Mariana
Published: September 2018

A grande popularidade dos sites de redes sociais trouxe consigo a emergência de novos gêneros discursivos, nativos do meio digital. Esse é o caso do meme, cada vez mais presente nas comunicações on-line. Neste trabalho é apresentado um breve panorama do surgimento do conceito e dos memes na internet, que serve como base para a análise dessa nova forma de interação entre indivíduos. Com o objetivo de fazer um levantamento das principais características do meme como gênero discursivo, esta pesquisa se apoia em conceitos de Bakhtin e em algumas ideias de Charaudeau, Moirand, Marcuschi e Fiorin. Sobre a concepção de meme, foram consultadas obras de Dawkins, Recuero e Martino. Os resultados mostram que o meme tem a finalidade de manifestar posicionamento ou comentário sobre algum acontecimento, de modo leve e bem-humorado. Além disso, entende-se que a referência ao fato que motivou a criação do meme é fundamental no que diz respeito à fidelidade da cópia e pode ser mantida tanto nos elementos visuais quanto nos verbais.
internet, agência e os jogos digitais online na aprendizagem de inglês
Authors: Garbuio Luciene Maria
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir de que maneira os estudantes de cursos superiores em Tecnologia da Informação utilizam a Internet como meio de interação e comunicação digital para desenvolver a língua inglesa, bem como apresentar algumas possibilidades de aprendizagem de inglês no contexto informal, com foco nos jogos digitais. A base teórica foi orientada nos estudos de Wenger (1998) sobre comunidades de prática, Gee (2006) sobre espaços de afinidade e nas hipóteses de aquisição de línguas propostas por Krashen (1982). Os resultados analisados no questionário e na entrevista revelaram que filmes, séries, músicas e jogos on-line são os conteúdos virtuais mais acessados e contribuem para a aprendizagem da língua inglesa. Jogos do gênero estratégia, aventura, ação e MMORPGs (Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games) são destacados como ferramentas de aprendizagem pela ampla possibilidade de interação, agência e desafios. Como estratégias de aprendizagem, os participantes utilizam dicionários e ferramentas on-line de tradução, entram em contato com outros jogadores ou com outras pessoas mais experientes que possam auxiliar na interação com o jogo, associam palavras e tentam compreendê-las com base no contexto que nele é apresentado.
Versões em conflito
Authors: Campos Carla Leila Oliveira , Rocha Caio Bini , Costa Luiz Carlos da
Published: September 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como se dá, por meio do conteúdo ideacional das peças (HALLIDAY, 1976 e 1998) e dos processos de negociação dos relacionamentos interpessoais, a construção conflitiva das narrativas das alegações finais da acusação e da defesa em um processo de falsificação de documento público. Para tanto, filiamo-nos à Análise do Discurso Forense, com o intuito de compreender como os modos de interação que envolvem a produção do discurso nos tribunais e os papéis sociais desempenhados pelos sujeitos, influenciam suas práticas linguísticas. Para análise do conteúdo ideacional dos textos, adotamos como categoria analítica o modelo de narrativa proposto por Labov (1972), observando como a seleção dos fatos e de itens lexicais específicos revelam o caráter avaliativo dessas narrativas. Já em relação aos processos de negociação da imagem e dos relacionamentos interpessoais (ROSULEK, 2010), observamos como a produção de evidências, a citação de textos da lei e do depoimento de testemunhas, sustentando / atacando sua credibilidade ou reinterpretando seus dizeres, constroem não só a imagem de cada um dos advogados bem como a sua relação com os sujeitos envolvidos no processo.
Ensino de latim na licenciatura em Letras
Authors: Oliveira Thiago Soares de
Published: September 2018

Por meio de um relato de experiência docente vivenciada no curso de licenciatura em Letras (Português/Literaturas de Língua Portuguesa) ofertado pelo Instituto Federal Fluminense, em Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, este trabalho tem o objetivo de demonstrar as consequências causadas pela mudança do método de ensino durante o curso do semestre letivo em disciplinas sequenciais, apontando as possíveis causas e soluções para a dificuldade no ensino de tal disciplina. Por se tratar de um trabalho de caráter qualiquantitativo, a estruturação do texto como um relato de experiência docente foi o meio adotado para simplificar a abordagem do assunto, que é desenvolvido teórica e praticamente.
A interação sintaxe-prosódia em usos de vírgula em esquema duplo
Authors: Soncin Geovana , De Azevedo Rodrigues Aline
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar e descrever, por meio da interface entre sintaxe e prosódia, flutuações entre usos de vírgulas em esquema duplo em textos produzidos por alunos de 8º e 9º anos, etapa final do Ensino Fundamental brasileiro. Na análise, são feitas aproximações entre aspectos sintáticos e prosódicos que caracterizam esses usos e, a partir delas, fazemos considerações a respeito do ensino da pontuação, particularmente do emprego de vírgulas. Os resultados apontam, por um lado, um comportamento diferente de emprego de vírgulas em estruturas explicativas e estruturas adverbiais; por outro lado, eles apontam que determinadas estruturas sintáticas envolvidas no uso de vírgula em esquema duplo estão em relação estreita com determinados fatores prosódicos do Português Brasileiro, tais como a extensão de frases entoacionais e o acento mais proeminente desse constituinte prosódico. Considerando os resultados obtidos, argumentamos a favor da dimensão prosódica como parte integrante do processo de escrita, o que corrobora a concepção da constituição da escrita como heterogênea, bem como a concepção de multidimensionalidade dos sinais de pontuação.
Resumo acadêmico
Authors: Mello Marcela
Published: September 2018

: Este estudo visa apresentar uma experiência de ensino-aprendizagem de escrita acadêmica com estudantes de Pedagogia de uma universidade pública. A experiência tratou especificamente da produção de resumos acadêmicos e integrou uma pesquisa de doutoramento sobre o tema do letramento acadêmico. Os pressupostos teóricos que fundamentaram este trabalho provêm dos estudos de Street (2014), Lea e Street (1998; 2014) e Lillis (1999). A experiência descrita foi um encaminhamento pedagógico, cujos resultados revelaram que: a) ainda que os graduandos desconheçam as características de alguns gêneros acadêmicos, é possível inseri-los de maneira efetiva nas práticas letradas que circundam na esfera acadêmica; b) quando o trabalho contempla o texto como instrumento de ensino e aprendizagem, numa situação de interação social, a referida ação se torna significativa e os discentes compreendem a função social do gênero analisado/produzido.
Translating and Transcending Censors: Modernist Appropriation and Thematisation of Censorship in the Works of Virginia Woolf, Allen Ginsberg, Czesław Miłosz and Bohumil Hrabal
Authors: Sriratana Verita , Polišenská Milada
Published: September 2018

Censorship has often been regarded as the archenemy of artists, thinkers and writers. But has this always been the case? This research paper proposes that censorship is not a total evil or adversarial force which thwarts and hinders twentieth-century writers, particularly those who were part of the artistic, aesthetic, philosophical and intellectual movement known as Modernism. Though the word “censor” originally means a Roman official who, in the past, had a duty to monitor access to writing, the agents of censorship – particularly those in the modern times – are not in every case overt and easy to identify. Though Modernist writers openly condemn censorship, many of them nevertheless take on the role of censors who not only condone but also undergo self--censorship or censorship of others. In many cases in Modernist literature, readership and literary production, the binary opposition of victim and victimiser, as well as of censored and censor, is questioned and challenged. This research paper offers an analysis of the ways in which Virginia Woolf (1882–1941), Allen Ginsberg (1926–1997), Czesław Miłosz (1911–2004) and Bohumil Hrabal (1914–1997) lived and wrote by negotiating with many forms of censorship ranging from state censorship, social censorship, political censorship, moral censorship to self-censorship. It is a study of the ways in which these writers problematise and render ambiguity to the seemingly clear-cut and mutually exclusive division between the oppressive censor and the oppressed writer. The selected writers not only criticise and compromise with censorship, but also thematise and translate it into their works.
Václav Burian’s Non- -obvious Poland
Authors: Kulmiński Robert
Published: September 2018

The Polish-studies output of Václav Burian, an ambassador of Polish culture in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic, scattered in magazines such as „Ječmínek”, „Hanácké noviny”, „Scriptum”, „Listy” or „Literární noviny”, has been gathered by Jan Jeništa and Anna Militz in a volume entitled Budoucím čtenářům starých novin (For future readers of old newspapers). Their selection of essays from between 1981 and 2014 is an excellent illustration of Václav Burian’s work. The sheer diversity of articles Burian left behind was unquestionably a challenge for the editors. They have stood up to that challenge – it has to be emphasised – outstandingly. They divided the selected texts by subject into three chapters titled: Witness of History (Svědkem Historie), Travel reports (Zprávy z cest) and Literature’s reader (Čtenář literatury). The first covers key events in Poland in the 1980’s. The second consists of Burian’s notes from trips to Poland in 1993 and 1995. The third one collects the most important Burian’s texts about Polish literature. Those three chapters reflect the three areas of Burian’s interest, through which he presented Poland to Czech readers.
Illuminated Manuscript 626 C from the Treasury of Split Cathedral – Riddles and Suppositions
Authors: Jozić Branko
Published: September 2018

The collections in Croatian churches and monasteries keep treasure of outstanding cultural and historical value, which is still waiting to be studied, properly evaluated and published. Among just such precious items is a composite, acephalic and lacunose manuscript codex from the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries, which is kept in the treasury of Split Cathedral (626 C). Although it is handsome, rich in various data and very interesting, in the last hundred or so years since it was rediscovered, it has not attracted any great attention from the cultural or the scholarly public. Here is set out a codicological description listing all the anomalies and damages, established the contents and authorship of the texts; at the end some assumptions and arguments backing them up will be put forward as well as some indications of its subsequent fortune.
The Uniate Alteration of the Orthodox Treatise Zercalo bogoslovii
Authors: Kuczyńska Marzanna
Published: September 2018

The article deals with the modification introduced by the Uniates to the Orthodox treatise Zercalo bogoslovii (1618), published in Pochaiv in 1790. The Uniate publishers created the Uniate roots of treatise, changed the language – a simple speech was replaced by the Russian Church Slavonic. Initial pages with the old title and preface to the reader were removed from the book, the title was rewritten, a new preface was written. The editors extended and corrected the content of the treatise, but they did not change the entire dogmatics – they did not add a chapter about the primacy of the Pope, and the dogma about the origin of the Holy Spirit was only partially changed in the spirit of Catholic theology, which sheds new light on the religious and cultural contacts between the Orthodox and the Uniates in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Intraoperative motion correction in neurosurgery: a comparison of intensity- and feature-based methods
Authors: Chen Fang , Müller Jan , Müller Jens , Müller Juliane , Böhl Elisa , Kirsch Matthias , Tetzlaff Ronald
Published: September 2018

The intraoperative identification of normal and anomalous brain tissue can be disturbed by pulsatile brain motion and movements of the patient and surgery devices. The performance of four motion correction methods are compared in this paper: Two intensity-based, applying optical flow algorithms, and two feature-based, which take corner features into account to track brain motion. The target registration error with manually selected marking points and the temporal standard deviation of intensity were analyzed in the evaluation. The results reveal the potential of the two types of methods.
Intrinsic functionality of mathematics, metafunctions in Systemic Functional Semiotics
Authors: Doran Y. J.
Published: September 2018

Mathematics and language appear from one angle very alike. They seem to have similar structures and maintain similar grammars. However, they are regularly used in different situations to achieve different goals. This suggests that they have quite distinct functionalities. This paper explores this tension between the similarity and difference of language and mathematics by focusing on mathematics’ intrinsic functionality as conceptualzsed through metafunction in Systemic Functional Semiotics and Social Semiotics. Unlike many studies in these traditions, however, it does not assume the metafunctions developed for language will unproblematically transfer over to mathematics. Rather, it derives the metafunctional organization of mathematics from its paradigmatic and syntagmatic organization. This method illustrates that although metafunction is a productive category for understanding mathematics, its metafunctional organization is not the same as that for language. In particular, mathematics displays an expanded logical component, while giving no evidence for an autonomous interpersonal component. In addition to allowing a principled comparison of mathematics and language in terms of their intrinsic functionality, this method suggests that if Systemic Functional and Social Semiotic studies wish to understand the functions of various semiotic resources, they cannot unquestioningly assume metafunctions will occur across all semiosis.
Masonry 2018
Authors: Krogstad Norbert V. , McGinley W. Mark
Published: September 2018

Description

Advance your knowledge of masonry and its systems with this must-have book for the industry. You’ll get 11 peer-reviewed papers featuring the latest innovations in masonry materials, design, specification, construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation.

Expert authors detail how ASTM standards apply to these areas, and how they coordinate with building codes, project specifications, and international standards. Divided into three sections, Measurements and Testing, Materials and Performance, and Design and Code, highlights include research and studies on