bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the pragmatic aspects of the use of relative adjectives (based on newspaper texts)
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Norman Boris Iu. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to studying the pragmatics of using relative adjectives in media discourse. Relative adjectives pose a serious problem for Russian lexicography. Their lexical meaning depends on the generating stem of the noun (cf. лесной from лес, кирпичный — from кирпич, пламенный — from пламя), but it does not always coincide. The article examines two questions, illustrated with examples from newspapers and magazines in Russian. The first question is related to the behavior of relative adjectives in the syntactic structure of an utterance. These words are actively involved in various transformations (reorganizations) of the phrase in inner speech. Examples are expressions such as проходной балл (passing score), онегинская строфа (Onegin stanza), чеховское ружье (Chekhov’s gun), вертолетные деньги (helicopter money), etc. The mobility, dynamism of this grammatical class of words represents a significant benefit (bonus) for the journalist. It is shown that the mechanisms of metaphor and metonymy are involved in the processes of syntactic transformation. The second question is the acquisition by relative adjectives of additional pragmatic shades of meaning due to the ideological attitudes (principles) of the speaker. These definitions acquire evaluative (axiological) semantics, which can be used, among other things, for the purpose of manipulating the reader. With the help of these adjectives, a positive or negative image of a concept is formed. Many such expressions originated in the Soviet era (пламенный борец, порочная практика, гнилая буржуазия), but their range continues to expand today (вегетарианский период, санкционные меры, материнский капитал, силовые министерства). The combination of relative adjectives, as well as their pragmatic connotations, require reflection in lexicographical publications.
E-GOVERNMENT: FROM SERVICE TECHNOLOGIES TO A NEW MANAGEMENT PARADIGM
Authors:   Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Science, Avdonin Vladimir , Meleshkina Elena ,   Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Science
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes conceptual approaches to the development of e-government. The factors that contribute to its successful development are identified. Two examples (Estonia and Germany) show the influence of a different combination of these factors. The successful development of e-government requires a combination of a number of various factors, including characteristics of political institutions, political actors, and political culture. The development of e-government entails changes in these aspects of political life and, more broadly, changes in the nature of public administration and participation. In turn, the specifics and pace of these changes also depend on the unique combination of factors. The authors show that significant economic resources and strategic planning at the state level are not sufficient explanatory factors for the successful development of e-government. Important circumstances may include the relatively small size of the state, the perspective vision of political actors, the coincidence of the interests of public and private structures, readiness to reform the management system, the creation of conditions for institutional cooperation, and coordination of interested actors. The authors conclude that prospects for further research in the field of e-government development are related to the study of unique national sets of factors that explain features of e-government models and their evolution.
RUSSIA'S NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY 2021: CONTINUITY AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Radikov Ivan
Published: March 2022

The author analyzes the content of the new National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, compares it with previous documents on national security, and determines its compliance with requirements of the law "On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation." The article highlights the main features of the modern model of ensuring national security: the inseparable relationship and interdependence of national security and socio-economic development of the country; a focus on the factor of force and commitment to the use of political means; emphasis on the need to ensure civil peace and harmony in the country; recognition that preservation and multiplication of the people and human development is the highest national priority; and orientation to strengthening the role of the state as a guarantor of security. The author considers the recognition of national interests as the main object of national security to be the main innovations of the Strategy. The article determines the validity of assessing the current state of Russian national security given in the Strategy. It is emphasized that strengthening Russia is taking place against the background of new threats to national security that have a complex and interrelated nature. In conclusion, National Security Strategy 2021 is a basic document in the field of strategic planning for the development of the national security system; its content meets the requirements of the federal law "On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation”; and taking into account the transformation of external and internal factors, it preserves its fundamental foundations, and creatively develops and complements them.
Hoards of Kievan Rus’: Research and museumification experience
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Konkova Ludmila V. , Speshinskaia-Zorich Maria V. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities
Published: March 2022

The article, in the context of museum affairs, examines a specific phenomenon of material culture, such as hoards of jewelry from the era of Kievan Rus’. Despite the fact that, since the 19th century, these items have been included in the collections of the largest national and foreign museums, and humanitarian sciences have accumulated considerable experience in their comprehensive research, in the field of exhibiting, from the authors’ view, the hoards are still not fully interpreted as exhibits with unique properties. Based on this provision, the article poses the problem of identifying the relationship between the scholarly and museum spheres in order to develop new approaches to actualizing the hoards as sources of information about Ancient Rus’ and presenting them to a wide audience. The article bears a historiographic orientation because in order to solve the problem posed, it is first required to study separately the already accumulated theoretical and practical experience. Accordingly, the article compiles a retrospective review of the hoards’ existence, providing the situational context and history of archaeological excavations. Then, it traces both the process of museum collections’ replenishment and the course of examining, comprehending and reconstruction of hoard complexes within a variety of scholarly disciplines. On the example of permanent exhibitions and temporary projects, the article considers the tendencies of the current experience of exhibiting, in which there is a focus on the subject method of constructing the exposition that does not contribute to the “development of new meanings” and the creative disclosure of the content features of the exhibits. The authors conclude that it is advisable to apply an interdisciplinary approach to the development of conceptions for new exhibitions as a way to more fully reveal the cognitive, ontological and axiological potential of the Ancient Rus’ hoards.
Industrial heritage of the “gray belt” of St. Petersburg: Problems of preservation and future prospects
Authors:   North-West Institute of Management — branch of RANEPA, Gordeeva Ekaterina A.
Published: March 2022

The article examines the features of the functioning and preservation of the industrial heritage of St. Petersburg within the “gray belt”. The author formulates the concept of industrial heritage based on the materials of international documents. The article also provides several types of classification of industrial heritage sites, which have chosen one of the key principles as their basis, as well as the main criteria for preservation. By reviewing the history of the development of the industrial “gray belt” as a historically established urban environment that has become a barrier between historical buildings and residential neighborhoods of St. Petersburg, the author aims to display the key problems of preserving industrial heritage within the belt and identify the main trends in working with it. Thus, having originated almost simultaneously with the city, the “gray belt” formed its main image at the turn of the 19th — early 20th centuries. Throughout the 20th century, several attempts were made to reconstruct industrial areas, but they were unsuccessful. Only in the late 1990s did certain processes begin that were associated with the relocation or closure of industrial enterprises. At the moment, the territory of the “gray belt” contains many monuments of cultural heritage that need protection from looters and unscrupulous owners. In the article, the following are indicated as the main directions of work with the belt’s industrial heritage: conservation, redevelopment, revitalization, etc. Special attention in the article is paid to museumification. In the author’s opinion, this is the most underestimated direction by the state authorities and private investors. Also in the article, the author formulates further prospects for the development of cultural practices in this segment of urban development.
Evaluation and projection of the annual maximum streamflow in response to anthropogenic and climatic effects under nonstationary conditions in the Hanjiang River Basin, China
Authors: Hao Wenlong , Shao Quanxi , Wei Peng , Zhu Changjun , Chen Xi , Chen Rongbo
Published: March 2022

The flood regimes have been changing due to the climate change and human activities. Evaluating the flood risk under nonstationarity is critical to water resource management authorities in disaster reduction. In this study, the annual maximum streamflow (AMS) was used to analyze the nonstationarity in flood frequency in the Hanjiang River (HJR) Basin. A Generalized Additive Model for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) is employed to characterize nonstationarity in the AMS with time, as well as climatic and anthropogenic factors. Additionally, changes of the AMS in response to future climate change and human activity are also investigated. Results indicate that flood behavior can be better described by the nonstationary model with physically based covariates than that with time and the stationary model, implying that flood regimes of the HJR Basin are mainly influenced by anthropogenic and climatic factors including reservoir, precipitation and temperature. The precipitation and temperature projected by the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) under two climate scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP4.5) in the HJR Basin are characterized by an increasing trend over the period of 2006–2100. Furthermore, an increasing trend was found in the AMS during 2051–2100, indicating that flood risk is likely to increase in the future in the HJR Basin due to the climate change alone without further changes in hydrological engineering and flood management. The results quantified the flood frequency under nonstationarity conditions with physically based covariates and provided information to the decision-makers to address the potential risks posed to the HJR Basin.
Impact of climate-induced extreme events and demand–supply gap on water resources in Bangladesh
Authors: Rafiqul Islam M.
Published: March 2022

Agriculture, domestic users, and industry rely on water resources systems for fulfilling water demand, while water resources systems face both climate-induced extreme events and management and governance problems. These constraints lead to a mismatch between demand and supply of water for those sectors. This study applies central tendency and variability to analyze data and a mixed methods approach to interpret the result. From 1999 to 2019, the growth rates of population, gross domestic product, and urban population are ­1.354, 6.084, and 3.70%, respectively, contributing to increased water demand. However, the average groundwater depletion increased from 2.455 km3 (1989–1990) to 4.9016 km3, while the average flood-affected areas enhanced by 8,644 km2 in 2014–2018 compared to 1987–1991. Furthermore, salt-affected areas incremented by 222,810 ha in 2009 contrasted to 1973, whereas the mean wind speed of cyclones increased by 30.02 km in 2015–2020 compared to 1988–1995. The mean sea-level rise increased by 16.8 and 169.2 cm in 1995–2000 compared to 1979–1983 in Cox's Bazar and the Char Changa station, respectively. The Mann–Kendall test was applied to detect the trend. This study urges policymakers, water experts, and academics to promote rainwater harvesting that is sustainable to govern rainwater and mitigate water and economic poverty.
Prospective Investigation of Glutamate Levels and Percentage Gray Matter in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Females at Risk for Postpartum Depression
Authors: Ghuman Arjun , McEwen Alyssa , Tran Kim Hoang , Mitchell Nicholas , Hanstock Chris , Seres Peter , Jhangri Gian , Burgess Denee , Baker Glen , Melledo Jean-Michel Le
Published: March 2022

Background:

The substantial female hormone fluctuations associated with pregnancy and postpartum have been linked to a greater risk of developing depressive symptoms, particularly in high-risk women (HRW), i.e. those with histories of mood sensitivity to female hormone fluctuations. We have shown that glutamate (Glu) levels in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) decrease during perimenopause, a period of increased risk of developing a major depressive episode. Our team has also demonstrated that percentage gray matter (%GM), another neural correlate of maternal brain health, decreases in the MPFC during pregnancy.

Objective:

To investigate MPFC Glu levels and %GM from late pregnancy up to 7 weeks postpartum in HRW and healthy pregnant women (HPW).

Methods:

Single-voxel spectra were acquired from the MPFC of 41 HPW and 22 HRW using 3- Tesla in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at five different time points.

Results:

We observed a statistically significant interaction between time and group for the metabolite Glu, with Glu levels being lower for HRW during pregnancy and early postpartum (p<0.05). MPFC %GM was initially lower during pregnancy and then significantly increased over time in both groups (p<0.01).

Conclusion:

This investigation suggests that the vulnerability towards PPD is associated with unique fluctuations of MPFC Glu levels during pregnancy and early postpartum period. Our results also suggest that the decline in MPFC %GM associated with pregnancy seems to progressively recover over time. Further investigations are needed to determine the specific role that female hormones play on the physiological changes in %GM during pregnancy and postpartum.
Trastuzumab in Breast Cancer Treatment: The Era of Biosimilars
Authors: Peliçário Vargas Bárbara , Sari Marcel Henrique Marcondes , Ferreira Luana Mota
Published: March 2022

Background:

The discovery of trastuzumab as anti-HER2 therapy has markedly improved disease control
and the survival rates of patients with HER2+ breast cancer. However, as trastuzumab is considered a complex molecule,
the cost of production is usually elevated, which significantly affects health budgets and limits the treatment
access for patients who live in underdeveloped countries. Recently, trastuzumab production has become more accessible
and sustainable due to the patents’ expiration, allowing biosimilar versions of trastuzumab to be developed.

Objective:

Our main goal was to shed more light on the uses of biosimilars in breast cancer treatment, emphasizing
trastuzumab.

Method:

An integrative search was carried out on the PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases using
the terms “biosimilar,” “breast cancer,” “monoclonal antibody,” and “trastuzumab.” The time range included scientific
articles published from 2015 to 2021.

Results and Discussion:

The bibliographic survey showed the complexities in biological medicine manufacturing and
how the monoclonal antibody’s therapy with trastuzumab improved the patients’ life expectancy, revolutionizing
HER2+ breast cancer treatment. Nonetheless, despite its benefits, trastuzumab generates certain restrictions, especially
from the economic perspective. Trastuzumab biosimilars have high selectivity and rarely cause adverse effects compared
to conventional chemotherapy.

Conclusion:

This study shows that trastuzumab biosimilars improve patients’ accessibility to breast cancer treatment
through a safe and effective therapy compared to the drug reference.
Therapeutic Application of Bavachalcone in Chronic Diseases: A Concise
Report on Medicinal Importance and Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar
Published: March 2022

Background:

Psoralea corylifolia L. is an important herbal medicine mainly used for the treatment of coronary artery disease, osteoporosis, bacterial infections, vitiligo, and psoriasis. P. corylifolia contains numerous active phytochemicals including bavachalcone. Polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoidal class phytochemicals are secondary plant metabolites found to be present in numerous plant species and reported to have multiple functions to counteract free radicals.

Methods:

The aim of the present study is to review the medicinal importance and pharmacological activities of bavachalcone. To know the therapeutic benefit of bavachalcone in medicine, here in the present work we have attempted to provide scientific information of bavachalcone. The present paper has been divided into the overview of flavonoids and P. corylifolia, pharmacological activities of bavachalcone, and analytical aspects of bavachalcone. Detailed pharmacological activities of bavachalcones have been discussed in the present paper. Further Bioanalytical aspects have been also discussed for development of analytical techniques for separation, isolation, and identification of bavachalcone. In the present work, numerous scientific databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Google have been searched.

Results:

Scientific data analysis revealed that bavachalcone is an important phytochemicals, found to be present in P. corylifolia. Scientific data analysis revealed the biological importance and therapeutic benefit of bavachalcone in medicine. Pharmacological data analysis revealed their effectiveness against cancer, oxidative stress, Alzheimer's disease, angiogenesis, tissue repair, osteoclastogenesis and various enzymes. Further pharmacokinetic and analytical data of bavachalcone have been also collected and analyzed in the present work.

Conclusion:

Scientific data analysis revealed that several molecular mechanisms are responsible for pharmacological activities of bavachalcone.
Ramie (Boehmeria nivea): A Functional Food and Herbal Medicine for
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and the Promotion of Optimal Health
Authors: Lee Sue-Kei , Lee Zi-Xin , Lim Yau-Yan , Liew Kai-Bin , Akowuah Gabriel Akyirem , Chew Yik-Ling
Published: March 2022

Boehmeria nivea, commonly known as ramie, is a functional food ingredient used by
Asians. It is also cultivated for its leaf fibres with excellent tensile strength, resistance to shrinkage,
and antimildew, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Ramie leaves and roots are also consumed
as food, beverages, and medicinal herbs. This plant has been used as ethnomedicine for various
health complications, including hepatoprotective, antiviral, antipyretic, detoxification, reduced
swelling, etc. The ethnomedicinal uses of ramie in multiple countries, including China, Taiwan,
Japan, Korea, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Malaysia, have been reviewed. The phytochemicals or
secondary metabolites reported in ramie have also been listed. Ramie has been found to exhibit numerous
promising pharmacological activities. Four pharmacological activities of ramie that are
closely related to treating and preventing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been thoroughly
reviewed: anti-inflammatory, anti-colitis, anti-oxidative, and laxative.
El nuevo perfil del viajero de la zona 2 (Pichincha, Napo y Orellana) como consecuencia de Covid-19
Authors: Molina Velásquez Edison , Villagrán Olivo Pedro , Espinosa Nicole , Salas Ariana
Published: March 2022

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo identificar el nuevo perfil del viajero de la zona 2 correspondientes a las provincias de Pichincha, Napo y Orellana en un escenario cercano a la postpandemia y escalando en la reactivación de las actividades turísticas. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación se emplearon los métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, utilizando el instrumento metodológico de tipo encuesta, la cual se aplicó a turistas que se encontraban visitando la zona 2, dando un total de 688 encuestados. Los resultados obtenidos se desarrollaron en torno a preguntas clave como el lugar de procedencia, la estadía, el gasto turístico y las motivaciones; evidenciados en gráficas estadísticas y mapas temáticos creados a través de los sistemas de información geográfica. Finalmente, se determinó el nuevo perfil del turista que visita la zona 2 del Ecuador, destacando que el grupo etario más presente es de 26 a 35 años y proviene de las provincias cercanas, demostrando que el turismo de proximidad continúa desarrollándose a partir de la pandemia de covid-19.
Suicidalnost i prevencija suicidalnosti među djecom i mladima čiji roditelji imaju mentalnih poteškoća
Authors: Kober Vrbat Ivana
Published: March 2022

Istraživanja pokazuju kako je suicid jedan od vodećih uzroka smrti od ozljeda u Hrvatskoj. Među djecom koja imaju suicidalne ideje i namjere, nije zanemariv broj djece čiji roditelji imaju mentalne poteškoće, stoga se ova analiza problema suicidalnosti usmjerava upravo na suicidalnost među djecom čiji roditelji imaju mentalnih poteškoća. U ovom radu detaljno je analizirana suicidalnost među djecom i mladima čiji roditelji imaju mentalni poremećaj, objašnjeni su osnovni pojmovi važni za razumijevanje i analizu problema. U ovom radu detaljno su navedeni i objašnjeni rizični i zaštititni čimbenici u objašnjenju razvoja suicidalnosti kod djece i mladih čiji roditelji imaju mentalne poteškoće. Rad objašnjava različite teorije etiologije suicidalnosti s posebnim naglaskom na prevenciju suicida među mladima u Republici Hrvatskoj, ističući nedostatak sustavne i kontinuirane prevencije na nacionalnoj razini. Problem suicida kod djece i mladih izražen je problem koji zahtijeva djelovanje institucija na nacionalnoj i lokalnoj razini.
Kardiogeni šok u novorođenčeta kao posljedica supraventrikularne tahikardije
Authors: Doder Filip , Blažeković Ines , Ovuka Aleksandar
Published: March 2022

Cilj: prikazati slučaj kardiogenog šoka koji se razvio kao posljedica dugotrajne atake supraventrikularne tahikardije u novorođenčeta u dobi od 16 dana. Prikaz slučaja: Muško novorođenče u dobi od 16 dana dovezeno je na hitni prijam Klinike za pedijatriju zbog odbijanja obroka te lošeg općeg stanja. Pri prijamu je blijedo, tahikardno, dispnoično, hladnih okrajina, produženog vremena rekapilarizacije, normotenzivno s oslabljenim perifernim arterijskim pulsacijama. Fizikalnim pregledom uočene su nad plućima bazalno krepitacije uz ritmičnu akciju srca frekvencije oko 250/min. Jetra se palpirala za 6 cm, a slezena za 4 cm ispod rebranog luka. Elektrokardiogram ukazuje na supraventrikularnu tahikardiju frekvencije 285/min te se s obzirom na hemodinamsku nestabilnost uspješno učinila sinkronizirana kardioverzija energijom 1 J/kg tjelesne težine. Ultrazvuk srca pokazao je normalnu strukturu srca, globalno teško narušenu kontraktilnost, umjerenu do tešku mitralnu insuficijenciju i trikuspidalnu insuficijenciju. Laboratorijskim pretragama utvrđene su leukocitoza, povišene vrijednosti troponina i laktata. Postavljena je dijagnoza kardiogenog šoka kao posljedica ataka supraventrikularne tahikardije. Zaključak: Kardiogeni šok rijetko je stanje u djece. Klinička slika ovisi o dobi djeteta te samoj etiologiji. Prilikom zbrinjavanja djeteta s kardiogenim šokom koristimo se principima intenzivnog liječenja (A, B, C, D pristup). Rano prepoznavanje stanja, pravovremena intervencija i razlučivanje etiologije ključne su u liječenju takvih bolesnika.
Concurrent Development of Septic Arthritis of the Acromioclavicular Joint and Osteomyelitis of the Acromion in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Vijay Chickajajur , Chen Charles
Published: March 2022

The acromioclavicular joint is a rare location for the development of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. If left untreated, these conditions are rapidly destructive and can cause significant morbidity. Individuals who are immunocompromised, use intravenous drugs, or have a history of shoulder trauma are at higher risk of developing septic arthritis. Having a high degree of suspicion is important in making a timely diagnosis and implementing appropriate therapy. We hereby describe a previously healthy 13-year old patient who presented with concurrent septic arthritis and osteomyelitis of the acromioclavicular joint.
Diagnóstico situacional del programa de malaria en la Comuna 5 de Tumaco 2019-2021. Resultados preliminares.
Authors: Jiménez Mónica Marcela , Chaparro Pablo Enrique , Gunturiz María Luz , Zamora D. Julian Andrés , Pérez Pilar , Carrasquilla Gabriel
Published: March 2022

Objetivo. Determinar prevalencia de malaria, características entomológicas y actividades del programa de prevención y control en área urbana de Tumaco (Comuna 5), entre 2019-2021. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, financiado por Minciencias, basado en metodología cuali-cuantitativa. La cuantitativa empleó muestreo probabilístico, cuestionarios estructurados, diagnóstico por gota gruesa y prueba de diagnóstico rápido; identificó presencia de vectores mediante trampas y búsqueda activa; estimó prevalencia, frecuencias, porcentajes e índices entomológicos. La cualitativa utilizó muestreo no probabilístico, entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis de contenido. Resultados. Participaron 1.504 individuos. Prevalencia por gota gruesa y prueba rápida de 0,73% y 0,53%, respectivamente. Identificó Plasmodium falciparum; encontró 37 adultos en peridomicilio y 32 larvas en pozos y estanques de Anopheles albimanus. Índice picadura-hombre-noche de 0,74, índice picadura-hombre-hora de 0,06, mayor actividad de picadura entre las 18:00-19:00 horas. Los actores refirieron demoras en atención, diagnóstico y tratamiento; difícil acceso al puesto de diagnóstico; problemas organizativos, falta de claridad de funciones en instituciones involucradas en el programa y desinterés de las comunidades por la prevención y el control. Conclusiones. La prevalencia fue baja, el vector se halló en el peridomicilio y criaderos artificiales, se requiere continuar mejorando diagnóstico y tratamiento para prevención y control de la malaria.
A Review of International Teledermatology
Authors: McKoy Karen
Published: March 2022

Background

The use of teledermatology has been evolving slowly for the delivery of health care to remote and underserved populations. Advancements in technology and the recent COVID-19 pandemic have hastened its use internationally.

Objective

An international survey was done to assess teledermatology use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

In addition to an updated literature review from 2015 to 2021, a survey instrument was formatted in Google Forms in English and distributed electronically to international personal contacts of the authors, as well as to international dermatology and teledermatology societies of members of the International League of Dermatological Societies and members of the International Society of Teledermatology. Answers from US dermatologists were excluded.

Results

110 survey responses were received from 33 countries. Barriers to the use of teledermatology have fallen considerably in the last year.

Conclusions

Teledermatology use has increased significantly in recent years in both government-sponsored and private health care systems and individual practices. There are no recognized international practice guidelines and there is variable use within countries. Many barriers remain to increasing the use of teledermatology.

Conflicts of Interest

None declared.
Oligopeptides as Biochemically Significant Molecules
Authors:   Tyumen State Medical University, Boldyreva Yulia V. , Lebedev Ilya A. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Zakharchuk Ekaterina V. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Garaev Javid F. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Adamchuk Sofia V. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Smilyanin Arthur M. ,   Tyumen State Medical University
Published: March 2022

Peptides are a class of organic substances consisting of two or more amino acid residues connected to each other by peptide bonds —C(O)NH—. Peptides were first mentioned in 1900 by the German organic chemist G. E. Fischer. He assumed that peptides consist of a chain of amino acids connected by a certain type of bond. In 1902, he was able to prove the presence of a peptide bond, and by 1905 he had developed a general method that allows synthesizing peptides in the laboratory. Friedrich Engels said the most succinctly about proteins: «Life is a way of existence of protein bodies...». It follows from this that if there are protein molecules, there is an organism’s life and, conversely, there are no proteins — the organism is not viable. Probably, this fact served as an incentive for further study of peptides. So, in the middle of the last century, an opinion appeared among scientists about a new class of chemically active substances-cytomedins (biologically active peptides, regulatory peptides, peptide bioregulators (PB)). These molecules will be discussed in this paper.
Endoscopic Carbon Dioxide Insufflation into the Pancreatic Duct: is it Possible to Manage the Acute Pancreatitis by Decreasing Local pH to Suppress Enzymatic Self-Digestion?...161
Authors:   Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College Novoural’sk Branch, Trenin Dmitriy S. , Kul’minskiy Andrey V. ,   Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1, Trenin Ivan D. ,   Ural State Medical University, Kul’minskiy Mikhail A. ,   Ural State Medical University
Published: March 2022

Background: the main clinical symptoms of the acute pancreatitis (AP) used to be explained by a local and a systemic action of activated pancreatic enzymes. Methods. To evaluate a conceptual possibility of the management of AP, the self-digestive enzyme suppression by the local рН lowering via the endoscopic carbon dioxide insufflation into the pancreatic duct has been simulated numerically. For the main patterns of a duct system structure, the СО2 diffusion, рН distributions, kinetic constants of trypsin and lipase have been calculated. Results. The СО2 diffusion zone volume-averaged рН has been revealed to vary within 7,16-7,44. For such a decrease, the lipase activity been assessed as nearly intact, but the trypsin proteolysis - as suppressed per 28-46%, and per 12-24% of its initial level for a low and a high substrate concentration, respectively. The diagnostic insufflation of 10 ml of CO2 within the time of 10 s been estimated to expand the near duct diffusion front for only 0,84-1,04 mm, which is not enough for embracing the entire wall of the main pancreatic duct to provide its anti-trypsin protection. To get it, the insufflation should be prolonged up to ~1 min, providing ~2,3 mm diffusion zone depth. Subsequent distribution of CO2 within the gland volume has been shown to furnish the volume-averaged рН value for ~ 7,69-7,95, and to inhibit the proteolysis per 4-15% for a low, and per 0-5% for a high substrate concentration. As predicted, the diffusion zone spread up to the gland walls would require the prolongation up to ~ 11-73 min depending on a specific surface area of the duct system. Conclusion. A possibility of the pancreatic enzyme suppression by endoscopic CO2 insufflation into the pancreatic duct for AP management has been numerically assessed and conceptually confirmed.
Impact of (Sodium) Aminophthalhydrazide on Insulin+ and Pdx1+ Rat Liver Cells in Experimental Model of Diabetes Mellitus Type I
Authors:   Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Baikenova Madina B. , Sokolova Ksenia V. ,   Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gette Irina F. ,   Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Danilova Irina G. ,   Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2022

Aim: to evaluate quantity and functional activity of insulin+ hepatic cells in response to modulation of macrophage functional activity in rats in the modelling of diabetes mellitus type 1. Materials and methods: experiment was carried out on male Wistar rats, which were divided into 3 groups: intact, DM and DM+APH. To model DM alloxan in the dose of 170 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally, the dose of APH was 2 mg/kg intramuscularly (a total of 20 injections within 30 days). Biochemical, enzyme immunoassay, immunohistochemical and statistical research methods were used. Results: сompare to the DM, in DM+APH group the increasing numbers of insulin+ hepatocytes and insulin+ sinusoidal cells were detected. At the same time, the total number of sinusoidal cells and Pdx1+ liver cells increase in both DM and DM+APH groups. It was found, that the content of insulin in the cytoplasm of insulin+ hepatocytes significantly higher in the DM+APH group, compare to intact and diabetic animals, which indicates the impact of APH at the growth of functional activity of insulin+ hepatocytes. An increase in the expression of insulin in the hepatic cells at the modulation of macrophage activity by APH may contribute to the correction of hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. Conclusion: introduction of APH leads to an increase in the number of insulin+ hepatocytes and their insulin-producing function, as well as insulin+ sinusoidal cells in animals with experimental diabetes. An increase in the total number of sinusoidal hepatic cells when the APH was administered in animals with alloxan-induces DM was revealed. At the same time, the action of APH enhances the expression of Pdx1 — a factor of differentiation for insulin-producing cells in the liver of diabetic animals.
HERBAL MEDICINAL PLANTS ACTIVE AGAINST COVID-19 USED BY TRIBAL COMMUNITIES FROM NANDED DISTRICT (MS), INDIA
Authors: SHINDE SACHIN S. , D. RAUT SHRIMANT , D. GACHANDE BHAGAWAT
Published: March 2022

Objective: Presently, the whole world is under threat and suffering from the disease COVID-19. WHO accepted that COVID-19 viral disease poses a serious health problem for the world and declared it as a pandemic. According to WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19), there have been 183,934,913 confirmed cases, including 3,985,022 deaths globally as of 6 July 2021. From India COVID-19 464357 active cases and 403281 deaths are being reported by MOH and FW, GOI as of 06 July 2021. The present scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic appears to provide no effective antiviral drug or vaccine therapy against this extremely contagious lethal infection. The COVID-19 mortality rate is found to be very high in people with weak immunity. India is a hub for herbals and that is the reason why the possibility to find a solution against COVID-19 is practically attainable.
Methods: The present study emphasizes various herbal plants potentially considered as part of formulation or used in the management of COVID-19. Present data is collected from hilly tribal communities (Total= 180 respondents from which males are 112 and females 68) via., semi-structured questionnaires.
Results: A total of 17 traditional herbal medicinal plant species belonging to 13 different families are being used extensively for the improved immune system of the human body to fight against COVID-19 by tribal communities in the studied area.
Conclusion: This article will help researchers and industries to identify potential herbals for the treatment of COVID-19 viral infection.
Diasporic Tendencies in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s Queen of Dreams
Authors: Makwana Ajay
Published: March 2022

The present paper aims to trace out the diasporic tendencies in the selected novel of Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s Queen of Dreams. Diaspora literature constitute the problematic abroad life of immigrants. As an outsider, diaspora community faces many critical issues in their host land. Alienation, racial segregation, cultural conflict and identity crisis are core issues faced by immigrants. Indian diaspora literature is an academic body of writing enriched by Indian immigrant writers. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni has occupied adorable status in female category in the literary canon of Indian diasporic writing. She has artistically projected the survival issues of immigrant women in her poetry, novels and short stories. Divakaruni has critically examined how Indain immigrant women struggles in assimilation with western culture and survive with hyphened identity. Indian immigrant’s experience, contemporary America, history, fantasy and the difficulties of immigrant’s living in an alien land are her major thematic concerns. Divakaruni’s novel Queen of Dreams is a journey of young Indian artist named Rakhi in California, United States. Surviving in abroad, Rakhi perceives the conflict of hyphened identity. She asserts that as an immigrant, she is having a dual identity and she swings between ‘real’ and ‘reel world. Rakhi’s two daughters survives as second generation immigrants in United States who are not much aware about India and its culture. The novel profoundly focuses on the identity conflict, east-west conflict, cultural clash, assimilation, pain of immigration and belongingness.
The rabbits retina functional state after exposure to low-frequencyultrasound: electroretinogram indicators analysis
Authors: Vafiev Aleksander S.
Published: March 2022

Relevance. Currently, several groups of scientists are working on the implementation of low-frequency ultrasound in surgery of the retina and vitreous body. But there are not enough articles on the study of the functional activity of the retina when exposed to this type of energy. Electrophysiological research methods make it possible to analyze and evaluate the safety, effectiveness of surgical interventions, the effect of new drugs at the level of neurons and visual pathways. The electroretinography method makes it possible to record the bioelectrical activity of retinal neurons during light stimulation during dark and light adaptation. The aim of the study is to carry out a comparative analysis of the a- and b-wave indices of the rabbit electroretinogram after experimental removal of the vitreous body using low-frequency ultrasound and mechanical action. Materials and Methods. Experiments were carried out in two groups of Chinchilla rabbits (n = 40). In the experimental group, surgery to remove the vitreous body was performed using low-frequency ultrasound, in the control group a fragmentator with guillotine mechanism was used. Before and after the surgery (1, 7, 14, 30 days) an electroretinogram was recorded, the parameters of the amplitude and latency of the a- and b-waves were measured. Results and Discussion. In both groups, a sharp decrease in all parameters was observed on day 1. Later, on the 7th day, the dynamics of the latency of a- and b-waves slightly decreased than the preoperative values. On the 14th day after the exposure, the amplitude and peak latency of the a- and b-waves in both groups remained at the same level as on the 7th day. On the 30th day, the indicators increased, which indicates the restoration of the functions of photoreceptors and Mueller cells in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the study groups at all periods of the study. Conclusion. The use of low-frequency ultrasound for vitreous removal can be considered safe and has prospects for further development and application.
Carboxypeptidase A3 in the structure of the protease phenotype of mast cells: cytophysiological aspects
Authors: Atiakshin Dmitrii A. , Kostin Andrey A. , Trotsenko Ivan D. , Shishkina Victoria V. , Tiemann Markus , Buchwalow Igor B.
Published: March 2022

Carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3) is a specific protease of mast cells (MC) with variable expression and appears to be one of the preformed components of the secretome. CPA3 is involved in regulation of the state of a specifi tissue microenvironment and components of the integrative-buffer metabolic environment in adaptive and pathological processes; it affects implementation of the innate immunity, mechanisms of angiogenesis, processes of the extracellular matrix remodeling, etc. CPA3 identification using protocols of multiplex immunohistochemistry allows specifying details of the organ-specific mast cell population features, including the protease phenotype, mechanisms of biogenesis with cyto- and histotopographic criteria, and features of secretory pathways. Numerous biological effects of CPA3, including participation in the regulation of the pulmonary parenchyma and systemic blood flow, in biogenesis and remodeling of the fibrous component of the extracellular matrix, in epigenetic reprogramming, determine the importance of fundamental investigation of the biological activity and regulation of pathological processes of CPA3. Further studies will contribute to the detection of the true value of the mast cell CPA3 expression features as a prognostic factor and a promising molecular target for treatment of socially significant diseases.
Education and social networking: Between connectivism and the critical social philosophy of the new media
Authors: De Martino M. , Kovalenko S. A. , Tkach G. F. , Isidori E.
Published: March 2022

The so-called Internet Studies have highlighted the importance of pedagogy declined as a philosophy of education, as a science able to provide, together with other social and cultural sciences, a significant contribution to the understanding of the implications and educational potential of the Net in the age of infosphere. Over the past few years, the so-called social networking pedagogy has emerged as an interdisciplinary approach focusing on curriculum and training. It is a pedagogy that identifies in the interaction that takes place, for example, in social networks (containers for communicative interaction) the possibility of developing a learning and training model that not only opens up new scenarios for education of the future through new media but also allows to understand critically the whole contemporary culture. Therefore, starting from the analysis of this scenario and using a theoretical methodology based on mainly hermeneutical-deconstructive and historical-dialectical approaches, the article outlines the possible epistemological framework for the networking pedagogy within the Internet studies, and identifies its main issues. The authors highlight how this specific pedagogy develops today as a pedagogy of culture characterized by a positive and optimistic approach to the new media (with particular reference to social networks). After identifying the advantages and disadvantages of the new media, such a pedagogy intends to consider pedagogical issues that teachers and trainers have to focus on and transform into effective educational communication content and tools for the curriculum. The article examines the contributions of the critical pedagogy scholars David Trend and Henry Giroux who can be considered the pioneers of networking pedagogy. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of ethics as a pedagogical practice that, through control, regulation and supervision of communicative interactions in social networks, paves the way for their conscious and educational use.
Time as a key aspect of historical sociology
Authors: Behrends H.
Published: March 2022

This article is a review of Jiř ubrts book The Sociology of Time: A Critical Overview (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan/Springer; 2021. 283 p.). The author places this work in a broader context of previous books by ubrt in order to show that all these publications analyze the past and contemporary sociological theories, and focus on historical sociology and the conception of sociology as a science on social processes. ubrt considers time in the context of the long-term development of knowledge, in which efforts have been made to control and master it. He also conducts a critical analysis of the views of previous generations of sociologists who developed ideas about the nature and functions of time. ubrt examines different fields of the so-called sociology of time; however, his main interest is the temporalized sociology such as theories of Niklas Luhmann and Anthony Giddens, but especially the conceptions in the field of historical comparative sociology, which combine the object of sociological research with long-term historical processes. According to ubrt, the basic aspect of time that should be decisive for sociology is its irreversibility associated with the idea of an open future.
The two-component model of behavior factors: Evidences of orthogonality of explicit and implicit factors
Authors: Chernozub O. L.
Published: March 2022

There is a growing understanding in social sciences that even purposeful human behavior cannot be fully explained by rational motives. The behavioral economy developed a program for studying economic behavior considering more factors than the blind pursuit of ones benefit. In social psychology, the theory of two groups of factors that influence human behavior has been developed: explicit factors are determined mainly by conceptual thinking, while implicit factors - by non-rational motives, often not obvious for the subject of action. It is argued that the study of both groups of factors is a prerequisite for the correct understanding and accurate prediction of behavior since they are of different nature, irreducible to each other, and have very different effects on behavior. The article focuses on the issue of the different nature of explicit and implicit factors. Can we say that the models of dual decision-making from social psychology are applicable to social action? We tested the nature of the interaction of the explicit and implicit components of the attitude towards the United Russia party with the basic judgments that, it would seem, should form this attitude. The results were paradoxical. It turned out that ideologically biased statements addressed to the political party form an attitude towards it on the implicit level. At the same time, the attitude to these statements depends on the attitude to the party, but at the rational level. Thus, this is a convincing evidence of the fundamentally different nature of explicit and implicit factors of social behavior.