bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention Strategies for Neonatal Skin Injury in the NICU
Authors: Behr Jodi Herron , Wardell Diane , Rozmus Cathy L. , Casarez Rebecca L.
Published: December 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this article was to determine specific skin injury prevention interventions for neonates in the NICU.

Design

The design was a systematic review.

Sample

PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, and Scopus were systematically searched to identify quantitative studies identifying skin injury preventions for neonates in the NICU.

Outcomes

The outcomes included skin integrity or skin condition.

Results

Nineteen studies were included in the review. Twelve studies included a randomized design. Barriers were the main interventions for the prevention of pressure injury, medical adhesive skin injury, diaper dermatitis, and general skin condition. The types of barriers included hydrocolloids, polyurethane-based dressings, film-forming skin protectant, or emollients. Nonbarrier interventions included rotation between a mask and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) interfaces, utilization of prescribed guidelines to decrease pressure injuries, and use of a lower concentration of chlorhexidine gluconate as a disinfectant.
An EBP to Promote Early Skin-to-Skin Care Intervention and Mother's Own Milk Feedings in the Extremely Low Birth Weight Population
Authors: Cirrito Barbara L. , Gordon Jessica M. , Basden Finette L. , Canals-Alonso Janessa , Green Nakia R. , Slezak Andrew , Sosteri Richard , Eldridge Whitney
Published: December 2020

Purpose

Describe an evidence-based process (EBP) to promote early skin-to-skin care (SSC) intervention and increase mother's-own-milk (MOM) feedings at discharge among extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.

Design

This EBP aimed to address the following clinical question: Among ELBW infants, does early SSC &#ξ2264;16 days of life (DOL), compared to SSC >16 DOL, result in more infants receiving MOM feedings at discharge?

Sample

A retrospective chart review of 199 ELBW infants.

Main Outcome Variable

Early SSC intervention among ELBW infants and MOM at discharge.

Results

Early SSC intervention increased from 46 to 73 percent among ELBW infants over the EBP period. Frequency of SSC intervention was associated with year of EBP and MOM at discharge (p = <.05). ELBW infants in the early SSC intervention group received more MOM at discharge.
The Importance of Hepatitis B Antigen Screening in Pregnancy
Authors: Perino Jeanne , Adams Christine N.
Published: December 2020

In the United States, pregnant women are screened for hepatitis B antigen because of the significant risk of perinatal vertical transmission of hepatitis to the fetus. It is important that the maternal hepatitis B antigen screen is documented in the medical record to ensure appropriate prophylaxis for the neonate. The purpose of this column is to discuss the pathophysiology of hepatitis B, as well as the screening process and prophylaxis for the neonate.
Una Constitución Mundial en clave de derechos humanos desde la periferia del mundo
Authors: Tobar Rodríguez Javier Antonio , Rodríguez Arias Manuel Eduardo
Published: December 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo fue reflexionar sobre la situación actual del constitucionalismo en relación a la pandemia desde la periferia, es decir Centroamérica y, especialmente, El Salvador en relación al exterior del mundo. Se empleó la observación directa de la realidad, principalmente de los acontecimientos actuales, recientes y previos al acaecimiento de la pandemia, detectando ideas en común con las que pretendemos sostener que debe reflexionarse sobre el futuro del género humano. Así como, que el instrumento de cohesión jurídico óptimo es una constitución global que contenga mínimos a manera de un instrumento deDerecho uniforme. La investigación se toma la licencia de pensar libremente y traspasar los límites de la imposibilidad política requerida para realizar los cambios constitucionales que suponen desdibujar fronteras para reconocer derechos mínimos de la humanidad. El resultado final de esta empresa no puede ser más que reconocer derechos mínimos universales, principalmente de las poblaciones más vulnerables del planeta. La puesta en práctica de los resultados supone emplear una dosis alta de imaginación, dejando atrás ideas preconcebidas y ampliando el horizonte de propuesta, necesaria en cuanto se concreten derechos de la humanidad.
Implicaciones Jurídicas de la Implementación de Ciudades Inteligentes en la Unión Europea y en España
Authors: Ruiz Francisco Javier Durán
Published: December 2020

La importancia de las ciudades y su población crecen cada vez más, así como la necesidad de aplicar las TIC en la gestión de las mismas para reducir su impacto ambiental y mejorar los servicios que ofrecen a sus ciudadanos. De ahí surge el concepto de ciudad inteligente, una transformación de los espacios urbanos que están promoviendo con fuerza la Unión Europea y España mediante colaboración público-privada y que en gran parte tiene como base el uso de los datos y su tratamiento mediante técnicas de Big Data e Inteligencia Artificial basadas en algoritmos. Esta investigación analiza los retos a los que se enfrentan los proyectos de ciudades inteligentes en los aspectos técnico y jurídico, centrados estos últimos en el respeto de la Ley de transparencia y de acceso a la información pública, así como a los mencionados algoritmos, a la normativa sobre datos abiertos y la reutilización de los datos o la conciliación del tratamiento masivo de los datos de los ciudadanos con el derecho a la intimidad, no discriminación y protección de datos personales. El uso de Big data que requiere el desarrollo de proyectos de ciudades inteligentes exige un particular respecto de la normativa de protección de datos. En este sentido, la investigación profundiza en los peligros que pueden darse para este derecho fundamental en el marco de las ciudades inteligentes por el uso de Big Data especialmente.
El Poder de las Élites que nos Gobiernan. A Propósito de Vilfredo Pareto, Gaetano Mosca y Robert Michels
Authors: Solutions Open Journal , Ugarte Jesús Víctor Alfredo Contreras
Published: December 2020

La crisis de hoy se nota, y se nota más, en la falta de valores, en la falta de decencia, además de en la falta de capacidad de muchos de los que nos representan y de muchos de los que más tienen. Existe la percepción de que los que gobiernan suelen ser los que mejor están, y que el único mayor interés de ellos es mantener su privilegiado y particularista estado de bienestar propio y, que los gobernados, solo les importan cuando les son útiles como instrumentos para acceder y para conservar el poder. Esto lleva a preguntarme: ¿cómo es que los gobernantes se hacen con el poder?, ¿cómo es que lo conservan? y ¿cómo es que lo pierden? Este trabajo da respuesta a estas tres preguntas a partir de los lúcidos desarrollos teóricos de Vilfredo Pareto, Gaetano Mosca y Robert Michels. Dos italianos y un alemán, respectivamente, todos ellos personajes de los primeros ocho lustros del siglo XX, cuyas teorías se pueden aplicar perfectamente para dar respuesta a la actualidad de nuestro siglo XXI.
Perspectivas do Fenômeno Nacional da Judicialização da Saúde Voltada para o Amazonas
Authors: Salino Alessandra Valle , Ribeiro Glaucia Maria de Araujo
Published: December 2020

A pesquisa teve como objeto central a judicialização da saúde no Brasil, especialmente voltada à questão regional do Amazonas. Nesse contexto o princípio da reserva do possível ante a judicialização da saúde não pode ser invocada como “escudo para o Estado se escusar do cumprimento de suas obrigações prioritárias”, muito menos ser empregado de forma indiscriminada, como dispõe o STF. Cabe assim ao poder Judiciário inferir mecanismos para a melhoria e estruturação do Sistema Público de Saúde – SUS – com práticas mais eficazes e efetivas são perceptíveis, embora levantar dados estatísticos para diagnóstico desse panorama precise ser melhorado, uma vez que as dificuldades de acesso aos dados de judicialização da saúde no campo nacional e regional não são inexpressivas. O protagonismo do Judiciário na efetivação da saúde e as ações do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ) são sistemáticas, mas as ações judiciais voltadas à saúde no Brasil ainda são predominantemente individuais e não resultam em benefícios coletivos. Com relação à judicialização da saúde no Amazonas/Manaus houvera o apoio dos dados fornecidos pela DPE/AM para se constatar um aumento nos casos de saúde e uma tendência a superar esse crescimento em 2020, acompanhando o quadro social desenhado nos últimos anos no país, sendo possível, no decorrer da pesquisa, levantar hipóteses de subnotificação; desconhecimento da população amazonense sobre a possibilidade de recorrer à Justiça; a sintomática ineficiência estatal na prestação de serviços de saúde, fatores tais que a seguir passamos a discorrer.
La Propuesta de Una Ley de Navegación Marítima en Brasil Un Comparativo Con Argentina
Authors: Silveira Eliana Aló da
Published: December 2020

Esta investigación científica demuestra el origen y la evolución del transporte y el inicio del sistema de logística. El trabajo tiene como objeto presentar la conceptualización del sistema logístico. Se llevó a conocimiento la interferencia en los contratos de los sujetos que trabajan en este campo de actividad y como sus relaciones identifican las personas que actúan en este ramo de la actividad económica. Y cómo los sistemas jurídicos de Brasil y Argentina los abordan y los disponen. Se ha demostrado que el sistema normativo en Brasil, sin definición de las actuaciones de los agentes marítimos de cargas, son un obstáculo en la necesaria seguridad jurídica en las relaciones entre agente y transportista.

La metodología empleada considera que el derecho es interdisciplinario, dado que sigue, como una misma y sus múltiples ramificaciones modelo de sociedad, por lo tanto sigue esta investigación en un razonamiento jurídico lógico, inductivo, para encontrar respuestas a las preguntas propuestas en esta investigación . El uso de un conjunto de procedimientos y el uso de métodos científicos y legales cualitativos tales como, las leyes, las costumbres, los tratados internacionales, la jurisprudencia sistemática, con el objetivo de la presentación del caso presentado, de encontrar una solución al problema. Así, para este trabajo, sigue la metodología descriptiva del tipo cualitativo, por medio del análisis de un caso y la comparación de la jurisprudencia entre Brasil y Argentina, el sistema legal y hermenéutica para probar la teoría presentada.
La Videovigilancia de los Trabajadores Mediante Cámaras Ocultas: el Caso López Ribalda y Otros C. España (Stedh de 17 de Octubre de 2019)
Authors: Delgado y Jiménez Antonio Felipe
Published: December 2020

Se analiza si la grabación del empresario al trabajador con cámaras ocultas y en el centro de trabajo vulnera la normativa. Para ello traemos a colación la reciente sentencia de la Gran Sala del TEDH, caso López Ribalda II, que justifica la instalación de las cámaras por la existencia de sospechas razonables con pérdidas significativas para el empresario
De Foucault à Butler
Authors: Pagnan Redson
Published: December 2020

Esta resenha tem como objetivo divulgar as ideias centrais sobre gênero, sexualidade, raça e classe social discutidas na obra “Foucault e a teoria queer”. Em três momentos distintos, esta obra debruça-se sobre os problemas de gênero, discorre sobre a vida cotidiana e social pós-secular pautada nos marcadores sociais e, por fim, traça considerações a respeito do avanço dos discursos de gênero, sexualidade e religião pautados em uma linha de discussão que vai de Michel Foucault à Judith Butler. A divulgação deste tema é de grande importância para o aprofundamento e para a abertura de novas orientações sobre os estudos queer relacionado à diversas teorias, inclusive em relação as práticas arquitetônicas e saberes urbanos. As cidades podem e devem ser inclusivas.
Ilha
Authors: Mendes Tatiane
Published: December 2020

A vida tem duas faces, positiva e negativa.Só a ilha é que tem muitos lados.Passado, presente,futuro, permeados às águas verdes da baía de Guanabara. Todos os dias os barcos cruzam o píer, pés fincados na areia grossa da praia, avançando para o mar.No azul das casas, nos muros das ruas, as mesmas velhas caixas de correio esperando notícias que nunca virão. Em meio ao som contínuo do rádio a vida passa, no mover-se lento dos triciclos estacionados ali e aqui. No verde das esquinas, que persiste diante do tempo, na velha rede do pescador,cada dia mais vazia. No final da esquina, a barca segue, depositando pessoas e coisas no meio da praça, sempre um dia mais cansados. As pessoas que esperam a embarcação atracar olham pra dentro de si, mastigando seus próprios pensamentos. E a lisa superfície das águas esconde segredos que ninguém vê, preocupados que estão com a hora da novela. Enquanto isso o vendedor de pipoca espera os turistas que não chegaram.  E tudo segue lentamente, em seu espetáculo diário, de um verão morno de todos os dias, de mulheres sentadas nas calçadas e da conversa amena do início da noite, à hora de servir o feijão. Enquanto isso, no continente, mais uma barca parte e a ilha aguarda. Tempo, relógio, águas salgadas que inventam um novo tempo de ir e vir. Jovens que atravessam para não voltar. E as mesmas imagens resguardadas na memória dos velhos. Da ilha ainda resta uma nota,que às fotografias, cada vez mais raras, não cabe capturar. Ela resiste no peito de quem tece as redes das vidas de todos que ali moram, no fundo da baía, na ilha de Paquetá.
Pesquisando sobre as representações do cientista durante o curso de Graduação em Biologia: uma estratégia didática visando à formação de professores de Ciências
Authors: Camillo Cássia Santos , Ferreira Luiz Maikel da Silva , Soares Brasil Tatyane do Socorro , Santana Wanessa Barbosa , Bertazzoni Esther Campagna , De Souza Perrelli Maria Aparecida
Published: December 2020

A epistemologia do professor pode influenciar as suas ações como educador. Atentando para essa questão, o Curso de Biologia da Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, por meio da disciplina de Estágio Supervisionado, desenvolveu uma atividade de pesquisa/reflexão, envolvendo os acadêmicos e alunos do ensino fundamental, com objetivos de(1) conhecer as concepções de alunos sobre os cientistas, (2) cotejá-las com as concepções dos acadêmicos e (3) refletir sobre o papel dessas concepções nas ações como educador em ciências. O trabalho realizado mostrou que os alunos do ensino fundamental, assim como os acadêmicos, conservavam uma imagem estereotipada do cientista e, por conseqüência,da própria ciência. O cientista é visto como uma pessoa do sexo masculino, um inventor e descobridor que executa suas atividades nos laboratórios. A partir dessas constatações, e por meio de discussões acompanhadas do docente da disciplina de Estágio Supervisionado, os acadêmicos foram estimulados a refletir e rever suas próprias concepções de ciência e a compreender a importânciado professor na (re) construção dessas concepções nos alunos.
CARA PENJUAL DAN PEMBELI BERTINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF DALAM PERCAKAPAN DI FORUM JUAL BELI SITUS PASAR ONLINE KASKUS
Authors: Pratiwi Anita Risma
Published: December 2020

Dalam berkomunikasi di bidang perdagangan, seringnya penutur mengaplikasikan tindak tutur ilokusi, yaitu tindak tutur direktif yang diutarakan oleh penutur kepada mitra tuturnya agar mau melakukan apa yang dikehendaki si penutur. Namun, belum ada penelitian sebelumnya yang meneliti tindak tutur direktif pada kegiatan jual beli di suatu situs pasar online Indonesia, khususnya Kaskus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami cara-cara tindak tutur direktif yang dilakukan oleh penjual dan pembeli dalam percakapan di Forum Jual Beli Kaskus. Baik penjual maupun pembeli bertindak tutur direktif dengan cara menggunakan kalimat imperatif dan kalimat performatif berpagar. Akan tetapi, yang membedakan adalah dari tindak tutur direktif yang dilakukan oleh penjual terhadap pembeli mereka menggunakan kalimat keharusan.
MINAT BELAJAR SISWA TERHADAP MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA BERBASIS LITERASI DI SMP LABSCHOOL UNTAD PALU
Authors: Anti Asrianti
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Labschool Untad Palu. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk siswa yang tertarik pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia kelas VIII D. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendeskripsikan minat belajar siswa terhadap mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia kelas VIII SMP Lasbchool Untad Palu. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif melalui metode deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X yang membantu 121 orang terdiri dari 5 kelas dengan jumlah sampel 25 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data terdiri dari observasi, wawancara, angket. Analisis data terdiri dari mengumpulkan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan melengkapi kesimpulan.Berdasarkan analisis data yang menarik minat siswa kelas VIII SMP Lasbchool Untad Palu pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia masih kurang berminat pada hal ini dapat dipelajari dari hasil angket yang dibagikan, pada angket ini menawarkan 10 pertanyaan yang dapat ditawarkan minat para siswa untuk bahasa, dari pertanyaan ini dapat diketahui Persentase minat siswa terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia masih cukup baik. Hal ini menyangkut perhatian siswa terhadap materi pembelajaran, kemudian motivasi dari guru untuk memanfaatkan sumber belajar yang ada seperti halnya keterampilan guru dalam mengelola kelas harus lebih ditingkatkan, dan dibutuhkan sarana dan prasarana yang dapat menunjang proses pembelajaran.pada angket tersebut memiliki 10 pertanyaan yang menarik minat siswa terhadap mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia, dari jawaban tersebut dapat diklaim persentase minat siswa terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia masih cukup baik. Hal ini menyangkut perhatian siswa terhadap materi pembelajaran, kemudian motivasi dari guru untuk memanfaatkan sumber belajar yang ada seperti keterampilan guru dalam mengelola kelas harus lebih ditingkatkan, dan ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana yang dapat menunjang proses pembelajaran. pada angket tersebut memiliki 10 pertanyaan yang menarik minat siswa terhadap mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia, dari jawaban tersebut dapat diklaim persentase minat siswa terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia masih cukup baik. Hal ini menyangkut perhatian siswa terhadap materi pembelajaran, kemudian motivasi dari guru untuk memanfaatkan sumber belajar yang ada seperti keterampilan guru dalam meningkatkan kelas, dan menyediakan sarana dan prasarana yang dapat mendukung proses belajar
Non-Homologous end Joining Factors XLF, PAXX and DNA-PKcs Maintain the Neural Stem and Progenitor Cell Population
Authors: Gago-Fuentes Raquel , Oksenych Valentyn
Published: December 2020

Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) is a major DNA repair pathway in mammalian cells that recognizes, processes and fixes DNA damages throughout the cell cycle, and is specifically important for homeostasis of post-mitotic neurons and developing lymphocytes. Neuronal apoptosis increases in the mice lacking NHEJ factors Ku70 and Ku80. Inactivation of other NHEJ genes, either Xrcc4 or Lig4, leads to massive neuronal apoptosis in the central nervous system (CNS) that correlates with embryonic lethality in mice. Inactivation of either Paxx, Mri or Dna-pkcs NHEJ gene results in normal CNS development due to compensatory effects of Xlf. Combined inactivation of Xlf/Paxx, Xlf/Mri and Xlf/Dna-pkcs, however, results in late embryonic lethality and high levels of apoptosis in CNS. To determine the impact of NHEJ factors on early stages of neurodevelopment, we isolated neural stem and progenitor cells from mouse embryos and investigated proliferation, self-renewal and differentiation capacity of these cells lacking either Xlf, Paxx, Dna-pkcs, Xlf/Paxx or Xlf/Dna-pkcs. We found that XLF, DNA-PKcs and PAXX maintain the neural stem and progenitor cell populations and neurodevelopment in mammals, which is particularly evident in the double knockout models.
Plasmonic Gold Nanohole Arrays for Surface-Enhanced Sum Frequency Generation Detection
Authors: Guo Wei , Liu Bowen , He Yuhan , You Enming , Zhang Yongyan , Huang Shengchao , Wang Jingjing , Wang Zhaohui
Published: December 2020

Nobel metal nanohole arrays have been used extensively in chemical and biological systems due to their fascinating optical properties. Gold nanohole arrays (Au NHAs) were prepared as surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) generators for the surface-enhanced sum-frequency generation (SFG) detection of 4-Mercaptobenzonitrile (4-MBN). The angle-resolved reflectance spectra revealed that the Au NHAs have three angle-dependent SPP modes and two non-dispersive localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) modes under different structural orientation angles (sample surface orientation). An enhancement factor of ~30 was achieved when the SPP and LSPR modes of the Au NHAs were tuned to match the incident visible (VIS) and output SFG, respectively. This multi-mode matching strategy provided flexible controls and selective spectral windows for surface-enhanced measurements, and was especially useful in nonlinear spectroscopy where more than one light beam involved. The structural orientation- and power-dependent performance demonstrated the potential of plasmonic NHAs in SFG and other nonlinear sensing applications, and provided a promising surface molecular analysis development platform.
Factors Associated with Non-Attendance at Dental Preventive Care in Slovak Adolescents
Authors: Samohyl Martin , Babjakova Jana , Vondrova Diana , Jurkovicova Jana , Stofko Juraj , Kollar Branislav , Hirosova Katarina , Filova Alexandra , Argalasova Lubica
Published: December 2020

Abstract: The study aimed to determine the factors associated with the avoidance of dental preventive care in adolescents and their parents in the framework of The Youth and Parents Risk Factor Behavior Survey in Slovakia has been initiated during the years 2015/2016. The data were collected using two separate standardized questionnaires: (i) the questionnaire for adolescents (n=515) and (ii) the questionnaire for parents (n=681). The study group consisted of 57 adolescents (54.4% males) who did not visit the dentist for preventive care in the previous year. The control group consisted of 458 adolescents (35.8% males) who visited a dentist for preventive care at least once in the previous year. A significantly higher number of males (54.4%), older adolescents (21.4%) were not visiting dental preventive care regularly. Incomplete family (56.1%), stressful situations at home (17.5%), and feeling unwell were observed as the factors contributing to the avoidance of dental preventive care. More than 34.5% of adolescents were not visiting either dental preventive care but also pediatric preventive care (AOR=5.14; 95%CI=2.40, 10.99). Divorced mothers and mothers with household income lower than 900 € had significantly higher dental care avoidance in their children. A significantly higher percentage of fathers from the exposed group were not visiting dental preventive care regularly (47.8%; p< .05). The results of the study can be used as an educational intervention steps focusing on the influence of parental and adolescent behavior in dental preventive care.
Quantifying Horizontal and Vertical Movements in Ho Chi Minh City by Sentinel-1 Radar Interferometry
Authors: Ho Tong Minh Dinh , NGO Yen-Nhi , Lê Thu Trang , Le Trung Chon , Bui Hong Son , Vuong Quoc Viet , Le Toan Thuy
Published: December 2020

Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the most populous city and the economic center of Viet Nam, has faced ground subsidence in recent decades. This work aims at providing an unprecedented spatial extent coverage of the subsidence in HCMC in both horizontal and vertical components using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time series. For this purpose, an advanced InSAR technique PSDS (Permanent Scatterers and Distributed Scatterers) was applied to two big European Space Agency (ESA) Sentinel-1 datasets composed of 96 ascending and 202 descending images, acquired from 2014 to 2020 over HCMC area. A time series of 33 Cosmos SkyMED images was also used for comparison purpose. The combination of ascending and descending satellite passes allows the decomposition of the light of sight velocities into horizontal East-west and vertical components. By taking into account the presence of the horizontal East-west movement, our finding indicates that the precision of the decomposed vertical velocity can be improved up to 3 mm/year for Sentinel-1 data. The obtained results revealed that subsidence is most severe in areas along the Sai Gon river in the northwest-southeast axis and the southwest of the city with the maximum value up to 80 mm/year, consistent with findings in the literature. The magnitude of horizontal East-West velocities is relatively small and a large-scale westward motion can be observed in the northwest of the city at a rate of 2-5 mm/year. Together, these results reinforced the remarkable suitability of ESA's Sentinel-1 SAR for subsidence applications even for non-Europe countries such as Vietnam and Southeast Asia.
Trends in the use of bentonite clays
Authors: Panasyugin A. S. , Dolgiy L. P. , Kulinich I. L. , Gerasikova A. A. , Mikishko A. V. , Masherova N. P. , Tsyganov A. R.
Published: December 2020

The paper gives a general description of the areas of application of bentonite clays. A number of deposits were evaluated in terms of their use in various technological processes. Analysis of directions of application of bentonite clays in foundry was carried out.

Using the methods of X-ray and gas chromatographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and direct adsorption-structural measurements, it is shown that materials obtained from montmorillonite and heteronuclear hydroxo complexes Cr-Cu have greater thermal stability and better sorption characteristics compared to montmorillonite fixed by mononuclear hydroxo complexes

Using montmorillonite modified with heteronuclear hydroxo complexes Cr-Cu with the best adsorption-structural parameters and zeolite NCVM, a laboratory batch of mixed adsorbent catalysts has been developed.

This material has been studied in deep vapor oxidation processes of low concentrated organic substances such as acetone, toluene, ethyl acetate, ethanol, butanol and butyl acetate.

The conversion rate on the mixed adsorbent catalysts for the studied adsorbates was found to be 94.9–97.7 (average 96.2 %).
Mapping of functional elements of the Fab-6 boundary involved in the regulation of the Abd-B hox gene in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Postika Nikolay , Schedl Paul , Georgiev Pavel , Kyrchanova Olga
Published: December 2020

The autonomy of segment-specific regulatory domains in the Bithorax complex is conferred by boundary elements and associated Polycomb response elements (PREs). The Fab-6 boundary is located at the junction of the iab-5 and iab-6 domains. Previous studies mapped it to a nuclease hypersensitive region 1 (HS1), while the iab-6 PRE was mapped to a second hypersensitive region HS2 nearly 3 kb away. To analyze the role of HS1 and HS2 in boundary we generated deletions of HS1 or HS1 + HS2 that have attP site for boundary replacement experiments. The 1389 bp HS1 deletion can be rescued by a 529 bp core Fab-6 sequence that includes two CTCF sites. However, Fab-6 HS1 cannot rescue the HS1 + HS2 deletion or substitute for another BX-C boundary – Fab-7. For this it must be combined with a PRE, either Fab-7 HS3, or Fab-6 HS2. These findings suggest that the boundary function of Fab-6 HS1 must be bolstered by an element that has PRE activity.
Electromagnetic field and TGF-β enhance the compensatory plasticity after sensory nerve injury in cockroach Periplaneta americana
Authors: Jankowska Milena , Klimek Andżelika , Valsecchi Chiara , Stankiewicz Maria , Wyszkowska Joanna , Rogalska Justyna
Published: December 2020

Recovery of function after sensory nerves injury involves compensatory plasticity, which can be observed in invertebrates. The aim of the study was the evaluation of compensatory plasticity in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) nervous system after the sensory nerve injury and assessment of the effect of electromagnetic field exposure (EMF, 50 Hz, 7 mT) and TGF-β on this process. The bioelectrical activities of nerves (pre-and post-synaptic parts of sensory path) were recorded under wind stimulation of the cerci before and after right cercus ablation and in insects exposed to EMF and treated with TGF-β. Ablation of the right cercus caused an increase of activity of the left presynaptic part of the sensory path. Exposure to EMF and TGF-β induced an increase of activity in both parts of sensory path. This suggests strengthening effects of EMF and TGF-β on the insect ability to recognize stimuli after one cercus ablation. Data from locomotor tests proved electrophysiological results. The takeover of the function of one cercus by the second one proves the existence of compensatory plasticity in the cockroach escape system, which makes it a good model for studying compensatory plasticity. We recommend further research on EMF as a useful factor in neurorehabilitation.
Use and Function of Multi-Articulator Versus Multi-Sensory Acts in the Close-Range Communication of Orang-Utans
Authors: Fröhlich Marlen , Bartolotta Natasha , Fryns Caroline , Wagner Colin , Momon Laurene , Jaffrezic Marvin , Setia Tatang Mitra , Noordwijk Maria van , Schaik Carel van
Published: December 2020

From early infancy, human face-to-face communication is “multimodal”, comprising a plethora of interlinked articulators and sensory modalities. Although there is also growing evidence for this in nonhuman primates, the functions of integrating articulators (i.e. multiplex or multi-articulator acts) and channels (i.e. multimodal or multi-sensory acts) remain poorly understood. Here, we studied close-range social interactions within and beyond mother-infant pairs of Bornean and Sumatran orang-utans living in wild and captive settings, to examine to what extent species, setting and recipient-dependent factors affected the use of and responses to multi-sensory as well as multi-articulator communication. Results showed that both multi-sensory and multi-articulatory acts were more effective at eliciting responses (i.e. “apparently satisfactory outcomes”) than their respective uni-component parts, and generally played a larger role in wild populations. However, only multi-articulator acts were used more when the presumed goal did not match the dominant outcome for a specific communicative act, and were more common among non-mother-infant dyads and Sumatrans across settings. We suggest that communication through multiple sensory channels primarily facilitates effectiveness, whereas a flexible combination of articulators is relevant when social tolerance and interaction outcomes are less predictable. These different functions underscore the importance of distinguishing between these forms of multi-component communication.
Instability of Hydromagnetic Hybrid Flow Fe2O3-Fe3O4 /H2O of Thermocapillary Layers of Shear-Thinning Nanofluids
Authors: Ali Mehboob
Published: December 2020

Nanofluids have inordinate uses in industries due to their high rate of heat transformation. The enhancement of heat transfer rates, an advanced type of nanofluids called “Hybrid nanofluid” is discovered. Hybrid nanofluids are created by the suspension of two or more type of nano sized atoms in base fluid such as water, oil etc. In current work, the instability of Hydromagnetic Poiseuille flow of thermocapillary layers of liquid of shear thinning hybrid nanofluid of Fe2O3-Fe3O4 in water based fluid is investigated. The transverse magnetic field is imposed on the flow. The solution of obtained ODEs for current problem is found using a numerical method called “cheybeshev collocation method”. The eigenvalue problem from generalized Orr-sommerfeld equations is solved using the algorithm of “QZ” abbreviated as (Qualitat and Zuverlassigkeit). The instability of water based hybrid nanofluids for variation of different parameters are analyzed and discussed through graphs. It has been found that Reynolds number and prandtl number has destabilizing effect on the flow while wave number and magnetic parameter has stabilizing impact on the fluid flow
In suit activation–graphitization strategy to fabricate hierarchical porous graphitic carbon for supercapacitor
Authors: Zhao Yanling , Zhang Xiaohua
Published: December 2020

In suit activation–graphitization method based on the atomically dispersed K and Fe in organic salts is developed to synthesize hierarchical porous graphitic carbon by directly pyrolysis potassium citrate and iron citrate. Moreover, (NH4)2C2O4 is also employed as both N dopant and porogen to open up internal structure and regulate pore structure. The inside-out activation leads to the homogeneous reaction and interconnected hierarchical porous structure with few dead pores. Accompanied by high SBET, appropriate pore distribution, good conductivity, and N/O functional groups, the sample exhibits high capacitance of 322.6 F g− 1 at 0.5 A g− 1, good rate capability, and excellent cycling stability with 101.3% capacitance retention after 10000 cycles. The supercapacitor shows an energy density of 21.3 W h kg− 1 at 456.7 W kg− 1 in 1 M Na2SO4. Easy synthesis, cost-effective, and environmentally benign, the work provides a promising strategy to produce hierarchical porous graphitic carbon applied in energy storage.
Effect of Stimulation of Subthalamic Nucleus onbeta Oscillations and Thalamus Tremor Activity in aComputational Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Alavi Seyed-Mojtaba , Mirzaei Amin , Valizadeh Alireza , Ebrahimpour Reza
Published: December 2020

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with abnormal b band oscillations (13-30 Hz) in the cortico-basal ganglia circuits.Abnormally increased striato-pallidal inhibition and strengthening the synaptic coupling between subthalamic nucleus (STN)and globus pallidus externa (GPe), due to the loss of dopamine, are accounted as the potential sources of b oscillations in thebasal ganglia. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the basal ganglia subregions is known as a way to reduce the pathological boscillations and motor deficits related to PD. Despite the success of the DBS, its underlying mechanism is poorly understoodand, there is controversy about the inhibitory or excitatory role of the DBS in the literature. Here, we utilized a computationalnetwork model of basal ganglia which consists STN, GPe, globus pallidus interna (GPi), and thalamus neuronal population.This model can capture healthy and pathological b oscillations as what has been observed in experimental studies. Using thismodel, we investigated the effect of DBS to understand whether its effect is excitatory or inhibitory. Our results show that theexcitatory DBS (EDBS) is able to quench the pathological synchrony and b oscillations, while, applying inhibitory DBS (IDBS)failed to quench the PD signs. In addition, the EDBS ameliorated the thalamic activity related to tremor in the model, while,the IDBS outperformed. However, with the help of the model results, we conclude that the effect of the DBS on its target isexcitatory
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy After Endoscopic Trans-papillary Gallbladder Stenting for Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Kawano Fumihiro , Yoshioka Ryuji , Gyoda Yu , Ichida Hirofumi , Mizuno Tomoya , Ishii Shigeto , Fujisawa Toshio , Imamura Hiroshi , Mise Yoshihiro , Isayama Hiroyuki , Saiura Akio
Published: December 2020

Background: Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) is indicated for patients with acute cholecystitis (AC) who are not indicated for urgent surgery, but external tubes reduce quality of life (QOL) while waiting for elective surgery. The objective of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of laparoscopic cholecystectomy after endoscopic trans-papillary gallbladder stenting (ETGBS) comparing with after PTGBD.Methods: Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes of patients with ETGBS and PTGBD were retrospectively compared.Results: Eighteen ETGBS and ten PTGBD patients were compared. Differences in the duration of ETGBS and PTGBD [median 209 minutes (range, 107–357) and median 161 minutes (range, 130–273), respectively, P = 0.10], median blood loss [ETGBS 2 (range, 2–180 ml) and PTGBD 24 (range, 2–100 ml), P = 0.89], switch to laparotomy (ETGBS 11% and PTGBD 20%, P = 0.52), and median postoperative hospital stay [ETGBS 8 (range, 4–24 days) and ETGBS 8 (range 4–16 days), P = 0.99]. Thickening of the cystic duct that occurred in 60% of the ETGBS patients and none of the PTGBD patients (P = 0.005) interfered with closure of the duct by clipping. No obstruction occurred in ETGBS patients.Conclusion: ETGBS did not make laparoscopic cholecystectomy less feasible than after PTGBD.
Rubus Suavissimus Alleviates High-fat Diet-induced Lipid Metabolism Disorder via Modulation of the PPAR / SREBP Pathway in Syrian Golden Hamsters
Authors: Jiang Man-jing , Huang Shuai , Li Li , Huang Wan-fang , Qu Xiao-Sheng , FAN Lanlan
Published: December 2020

Background: Rubus suavissimus S. Lee (RS), a sweet plant distributed in southwest of China and used as beverage and folk medicine, has been reported to improve the obesity phenotype and hyperlipidemia. However, the exact molecular mechanism remains unknown.Aim of the study: In this study, we aimed to investigate the preventive effects of RS in lipid metabolism disorder golden hamsters caused by high-fat diet and elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms.Method: Five groups of male LVG Syrian golden hamsters were compared: normal diet group (ND), high-fat diet group (HFD), Xuezhikang Cap group (140 mg/kg; HFD+XZK), low dose of RS group (3.6 g/kg; HFD+RSL), high dose of RS group (7.2 g/kg; HFD+RSH). After eight weeks, biochemical and pathological analyses were conducted to evaluate the preventive eﬀect of RS on lipid metabolism. RT-qPCR, and western blotting analysis were used to explore the potential mechanism underlying.Results: Supplementation of a high-fat diet with RS prevented the symptoms of lipid metabolism disorder of golden hamsters and alleviated liver injury. RS upregulated the expression of the PPAR pathway mediators PPARγ and PPARα as well as its downstream targets CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), glucose transporter 4 (Glut4), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and fatty acid binding protein 4 (aP2). Also, RS downregulated the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and its downstream targets acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), and fatty acid synthase (FAS).Conclusions: Our data suggest that RS prevents lipid metabolism disorder golden hamsters in high-fat diet and alleviates liver injury through the regulation of the SREBP/PPAR signaling pathway.
Analysis of the Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Annexin A1 in Multibacillary Leprosy and Reactional Episodes
Authors: Damazo Amilcar Sabino , Silva Stephanni Figueiredo da , Cavalcante Leticia Rossetto da Silva , Junior Ezequiel Angelo Fonseca , Silva Joselina Maria da , Lopes José Cabral
Published: December 2020

Background: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Patients have distinct clinical forms, and host´s immunological response regulate those manifestations. In this work, the presence of the myeloid-derived suppressor cell and the regulatory protein annexin A1 is described in patients with multibacillary leprosy and with type 1 and 2 reactions. Methods: Patients were submitted to skin biopsy for histopathological analysis to obtain bacilloscopic index. Immunofluorescence was used to detect myeloid-derived suppressor cells and annexin A1.Results: The data demonstrated that the presence of granulocytic and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in leprosy patients. The high number of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells were observed in lepromatous leprosy and type 2 reactional patients with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination scar. The presence of annexin A1 was observed in all myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In particularly, the monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell in the lepromatous patients has higher levels of this protein when compared to the reactional patients. This data suggest that the higher expression of this protein may be related to regulatory response against a severe infection, contributing to anergic response. In type 1 reactional patients, the expression of annexin A1 was reduced. Conclusions: Myeloid-derived suppressor cell are present in leprosy patients and annexin A1 might be regulated the host response against Mycobacterium leprae.
On-Site Processing of Single Chromosomal DNA Molecules Using Optically Driven Microtools on A Microfluidic Workbench
Authors: Masuda Akihito , Takao Hidekuni , Shimokawa Fusao , TERAO KYOHEI
Published: December 2020

We developed optically driven microtools for processing single biomolecules using a microfluidic workbench composed of a microfluidic platform that functions under an optical microscope. The optically driven microtools have enzymes immobilized on their surfaces, which catalyze chemical reactions for molecular processing in a confined space. Optical manipulation of the microtools enables them to be integrated with a microfluidic device for controlling the position, orientation, shape of the target sample. Here, we describe the immobilization of enzymes on the surface of microtools, the microfluidics workbench, including its microtool storage and sample positioning functions, and the use of this system for on-site cutting of single chromosomal DNA molecules. We fabricated microtools by UV lithography with SU-8 and selected ozone treatments for immobilizing enzymes. The microfluidic workbench has tool-stock chambers for tool storage and micropillars to trap and extend single chromosomal DNA molecules. The DNA cutting enzymes DNaseI and DNaseII were immobilized on microtools that were manipulated using optical tweezers. The DNaseI tool shows reliable cutting for on-site processing. This pinpoint processing provides an approach for analyzing chromosomal DNA at the single-molecule level. The flexibility of the microtool design allows for processing of various samples, including biomolecules and single cells.
Contrasting Altitude and Long-term Geographical Isolation Shaped Phylogeography of Himalrandia lichiangensis, an Endemic Species from the Dry Hot Valley of Southwest China
Authors: Qiao Yaomei , Liu Jian , Gong Xun
Published: December 2020

Background: The eastern Sino-Himalayan region of southwest China, as one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, has undergone dramatic geomorphological and climatic changes during the Late Tertiary/Quaternary. The dry-hot valleys in southwest China is overlapping with the Hengduan Mountains. However, when this endemism was assembled in dry-hot valleys and how the climatic oscillations and/or tectonic movements influence their phylogeographical patterns remained largely unknown. Himalrandia lichiangensis is a shrub of Rubiaceae, endemically distributes in dry-hot valleys of southwest China. By integrating evidences from phylogeography, population dynamic and ecological niche modelling, we are aiming to trace the evolutionary history and explain the origin of biodiversity and endemism in the dry-hot valleys of southwest China. Results: Based on sequencing four chloroplastic non-coding regions (psbM-trnD, trnD-trnT, atpB-rbcL and accD-psaI) and two single-low copy nuclear genes CAMX (Calmodulin) and ITS of 423 individuals from 23 populations, we found high genetic variation mainly existed between the populations (cpDNA: 89.80％, ITS: 84.55％, CAMX: 95.68％). Haplotypes in different river basins showed significant phylogeographical structure. The geographical distribution of haplotypes indicated that there is a high degree of genetic differentiation and this differentiation is associated with altitude discrepancy. BARRIER analysis detects a strong geographic barrier between the Nanpan River and Jinsha River. The MaxEnt result shows that the suitable distribution area was the largest in the LGM. The future climate warming will lead to the niche expansion for H. lichiangensis but will also cause fragmented distribution.Conclusions: Our study highlighted the importance of altitude in explaining the genetic differentiation. The current phylogeographical pattern of H. lichiangensis may be shaped by long-term geographical isolation resulted from the uplifting of Himalaya, which gives rise to the barriers from the Hengduan Mountain or multiple river systems, and the vertical altitude discrepancies that both limited gene flow among regions. The Middle Jinsha River valley is most likely to be a main refuge for H. lichiangensis till now, and the glaciation retreat may account for the high endemism of plants in the dry-hot valleys of southwest China.
"Strong Teeth" – an Early-phase Study to Assess the Feasibility of an Oral Health Intervention Delivered by Dental Teams to Parents of Young Children
Authors: Giles Erin , Gray-Burrows Kara , Bhatti Amrit , Rutter Lucy , Purdy Jayne , Zoltie Tim , Pavitt Sue , Marshman Zoe , West Robert , Day Peter
Published: December 2020

Background: Tooth decay (caries) is a significant health burden in young children. There is strong evidence for the benefits of establishing appropriate home-based oral health behaviours in early childhood. Dental teams are well placed to provide this information and there is clear advice on what oral health information should be given to parents. However, research has shown that there is limited guidance, training and resources on how dental teams should deliver this advice. "Strong Teeth" is a complex oral health intervention, using evidence-based resources and training underpinned by behaviour change psychology, to support behaviour change conversations in dental practice. This early phase evaluation aims to assess the feasibility of this intervention, prior to a full-scale trial.Methods: The study recruited 15 parents of children aged 0-2-years-old and 21 parents of children aged 3-5 years old, from five NHS dental practices across West Yorkshire. Participant demographics, self-reported brushing behaviours, dietary habits, a dental examination and three objective measures of toothbrushing were collected in a home-setting at baseline, then at 2-weeks and 2-months post-intervention. Recruitment, retention and intervention delivery were analysed as key process outcomes. Brushing habits were compared to national toothbrushing guidelines – the Delivering Better Oral Health toolkit (Public Health England).Results: Strong Teeth was feasible to deliver in a General Dental Practice setting in 94% of cases. Feasibility of recruitment (37%) exceeded progression criterion, however retention of participants (75%) was below the progression criterion for the 0-2 age group. More than half of children recruited aged 3-5-years had caries experience (52%). Total compliance to toothbrushing guidance at baseline was low (28%) and increased after the intervention (52%), an improvement that was statistically significant. Dietary habits remained largely unchanged. Plaque scores significantly decreased in the 3-5-year-olds and toothbrushing duration increased in all age groups. Conclusion: "Strong Teeth" intervention delivery and data collection in the home setting was feasible. There was a positive indication of impact on reported toothbrushing behaviours. Some amendments to study design, particularly relating to the inclusion of the 0-2-year-old group, should be considered before progression to a full trial. Trial Registration: ISRCTN Register: ISRCTN10709150