bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BACKSLIDING ON CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATIONS DUE TO ONGOING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY IN BANADIR REGION, SOMALIA
Authors: Fartun  Abdullahi  H OREY , Kadra  Hassan SHEIK  MOHAMUD , Iftin  Abdi  Nor ABDULLE , Jamal  Hassan MOHAMOUD , Bashiru GARBA , Mohamed  Hussein ADAM , Hassan  Abdullahi DAHIE , Maryan Abdullahi SH. NUR , Najib Isse DIRIE
Published: August 2023

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a global public health crisis. During the pandemic, considerable delay was observed making it impossible for some children to receive their due vaccines on time. Like most resource-poor countries, COVID-19 pandemic is thought to have a negative impact on Somalia’s immunization coverage. Materials and methods: This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine childhood immunization coverage in Somalia. A retrospective comparative cross-sectional approach was employed to investigate the number of under-5-year children who got their immunization from the two major mother and child hospital, (Banadir and SOS hospitals) in Mogadishu, Somalia from October 2019 to December 2020. To do this, a total of 112, 060 data relating to the routine childhood immunization (measles, polio, whooping cough, hepatitis B, pneumonia, and tuberculosis) were collected from the monthly immunization report-data from the two hospitals. Results: The results showed that all the vaccines except birth vaccines have remarkably dropped with Penta-3 (27%), Penta-2 (11%), measles (10%) and Penta-1 (8%) respectively. However, the birth vaccines (BCG and Polio 0) were not affected as observed in this study. The reduction in children immunization rate in Somalia may be a combination of many other factors, we however recognize that the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed significantly to this outcome. Conclusion: The government needed to take proactive measures to encourage parents to present their children for immunizations, including increasing community awareness concerning the importance of these routine childhood immunizations despite the ongoing COVID-19 pandemics.
GYRB – POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTIC FIGURE POTENTIAL FOR DETERMINING DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOUS LYMPHADENITIS
Authors: Wahyu HERLAMBANG , Ni Made MERTANIASIH , Soedarsono SOEDARSONO , Willy SANDHIKA
Published: August 2023

Background: TB lymphadenitis is still a problem that needs serious treatment. In Indonesia, it was reported that 53% of TB cases were extrapulmonary tuberculosis, with the most cases being Lymphadenitis TB, 11.6%. In children, 43% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases are TB lymphadenitis. Diagnosis is quite difficult; a method of determining the diagnosis and appropriate comprehensive treatment is required in managing TB Lymphadenitis. Materials and Methods: In this study, 15 fine needle aspiration biopsy aspirate samples were subjected to molecular examination using the gyrB–polymerase chain reaction method and histopathological observations using the smear method with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Observation of preparations using a microscope with a magnification of 200x. Results: The histopathological characteristics of the fine needle aspiration biopsy aspirate showed positive results in 4 out of 15 samples, with epithelioid cells arranged in a characteristic granuloma structure, necrotic debris was visible, and cells joined together to form multinucleated giant cells as an inflammatory response to Mycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex infection. In this study, 6 out of 15 (40%) were detected to be positive in the diagnosis based on molecular detection using a specific target gene gyrB - polymerase chain reaction. Conclusion: Characteristic features on histopathological examination associated with gyrB - positive polymerase chain reaction on lymphadenitis fine needle aspiration biopsy aspirate samples can be used as a determinant diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis
The Key Role of Pseudomonas-Associated Bacteria in Obtaining Nutrition from Bamboo for the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
Authors: Ning Ruihong , Li Caiwu , Zhang Siyuan , Zhang Yu , Gan Yunong , Li Desheng , Gao Zhan , Li Wei , Qu Zhufeng , Sun Fenghui , Guo Wei
Published: August 2023

Background The gut microbiota of giant pandas plays a vital role in obtaining nutrition from bamboo. However, despite the importance of cellulose and lignin in bamboo digestion, low cellulase activity has been observed in the panda’s gut, and no specific pathway has been implicated in lignin digestion by gut microbiota of pandas. As a result, the mechanism by which pandas obtain nutrients is still controversial, and it is necessary to determine whether the gut microbiome of giant pandas has the potential to degrade lignin. Here, the metabolic pathways for lignin degradation in pandas were explored by comparing 209 metagenomic sequencing data from wild species with different feeding habits. The degradation potential of lignin by the most dominant bacteria genus (Pseudomonas) were also explore, including identifying lignin degradation pathway in its genome, detecting lignin enzyme activity, and assessing the efficiency and products of lignin metabolism.Results The central pathways of lignin degradation, including beta-ketoadipate and homogentisate pathway, were found to be enriched in the gut microbiota of wild pandas. Additionally, the gut microbiome of wild bamboo-eating specialists was also enriched with genes from pathways implicated in degrading ferulate and p-coumarate (lignin derivative) into Acetyl-CoA and Succinyl-CoA via protocatechuate branch of beta-ketoadipate pathway, potentially providing the raw materials for metabolism in pandas. Specifically, Pseudomonas, as the most dominant gut bacteria genus, was found to be the main bacteria to provide genes involved in the central pathways of lignin degradation and metabolic pathway of lignin derivatives (ferulate and p-coumarate). Herein, three Pseudomonas-associated species isolated from the feces of wild pandas exhibited the laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase activity, as well as extracellular lignin degradation ability in vitro. Based on these results, we propose a potential mechanism for pandas to obtain nutrition from bamboo.Conclusions Notably, our findings indicate that the gut microbiome of pandas, particularly the Pseudomonas bacteria, play a crucial role in obtaining nutrition from lignin. This study provides novel insights into the adaptive evolution of pandas with respect to lignin metabolism.
Subsolar Surprises and Super-solar Signatures in Jovian Moist Convective Activity
Authors: Hyder Ali , Li Cheng , Chanover Nancy
Published: August 2023

Jupiter's oxygen content is inextricably tied to its formation history and the evolution of the early solar system. Recent one-dimensional thermochemical modeling of CO showed that the planet's bulk water content could be subsolar, in stark contrast to the water enrichment determined near the equator using the Juno spacecraft. Here, we use a hydrodynamic model to study Jupiter's atmospheric dynamics at and below the water cloud level with simplified CO thermochemistry to show the effect of hydrodynamics on the abundance of CO in the troposphere. Our dynamical modeling results are inconsistent with the 0.3 times solar water enrichment levels. Furthermore, we reveal a correlation between moist convection and the CO abundance at the water cloud level. If such a correlation is found observationally, subsolar water abundance can be ruled out.
Genome-Wide Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci and Candidate Genes for Seven Carcass Traits in a Four-Way Intercross Porcine Population
Authors: Wang Huiyu , Wang Xiaoyi , Yang Yongli , Zhu Yixuan , Wang Shuyan , Chen Qiang , Yan Dawei , Dong Xinxing , Li Mingli , Lu Shaoxiong
Published: August 2023

BackgroundCarcass traits are essential economic traits in the commercial pig industry. However, the genetic mechanism of carcass traits is still unclear. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on the specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) to study seven carcass traits on 223 four-way intercross pigs.
Results A total of 227,921 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected to perform GWAS. A total of 53 SNPs were identified for seven carcass traits using the mixed linear model (MLM), of which 18 SNPs were located in previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions. The phenotypic variation explained (PVE) by the significant SNPs was from 2.43% to 16.32%. The heritability estimates based on SNP for seven carcass traits ranged from 0.23 (loin eye thickness) to 0.48 (dressing percentage). Furthermore, 11 candidate genes (LYPLAL1, EPC1, MATN2, ZFAT, ZBTB10, ZNF704, INHBA, SMYD3, PAK1, SPTBN2, and ACTN3) were found to be associated with carcass traits in pigs.
Conclusions A total of 30 significant SNPs, two QTLs on SSC8and SSC10, and 11 candidate genes were identified as being associated with carcasstraits of pigs. The GWAS results will improve our understanding of the genetic basis of carcass traits. We hypothesized that the candidate genes associated with these discovered SNPs would offer a biological basis for enhancing the carcass quality of pigs in swine breeding.
Assessing the emissions of short sea international shipping: a case study of the Mytilini - Ayvalık route
Authors: Kelmalis Alexandros , Lekkas Dimitrios F. , Moustakas Konstantinos , Vakalis Stergios
Published: August 2023

Short sea shipping refers to the transportation of passengers and cargo between ports in Europe or coastal countries bordering Europe on enclosed seas. Aging fleets and environmental concerns pose challenges, but efforts are underway to reduce emissions through the adoption of low-sulfur fuels, hybrid and electric vessels, and improved energy efficiency. This study focuses on the emissions of international short shipping routes from Mytilini to Ayvalik. The study used standardized emission factors to calculate the overall emissions of CO2, SO2, NOx, PM, and HC. The research aims to address a gap in understanding and provide insights into the emissions from these routes. The manuscript aims to identify the main commercial ships on the route, analyze their emissions, and discuss the findings of the analysis. Overall, six ships performed the route with an average fuel consumption of 60 L/hour/100HP depending on factors such as speed and total load. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions are the emissions with the highest amount of production followed by sulphur oxides with values that exceed 12.9 tonnes and 4.5 tonnes respectively. One of the noteworthy findings, and particularly significant in this study, is that although cruising consumes the most energy among the analyzed ships, hoteling also plays a substantial role and should be evaluated in conjunction as a significant source of emissions and energy consumption. The utilization of hydrogen as a fuel has the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality, and mitigate noise pollution.
Removal of Osseointegrated Implants: Surgical Techniques and New Approaches, a Systematic Review
Authors: Tafuri Giuseppe , D'Addazio Gianmaria , Manciocchi Eugenio , Rexhepi Imena , Santilli Manlio , Caputi Sergio , Sinjari Bruna
Published: August 2023

Background
Today dental implants represent an effective therapy in case of partial or total edentulism, with an excellent success rate. Despite the results obtained, there may be biological or mechanical complications during the therapy, which lead to the loss of the implant. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current state of the art in the literature on techniques used for the removal of dental implants. Various aspects will be analyzed, such as the success of the technique, any complications, and the advantages and disadvantages of their use.
Methods
Two reviewers conducted a literature analysis (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science) of the last 20 years (2003–2023). The main criterion analyzed was the success of the technique, while secondary outcomes such as complications and risks of the technique were also analyzed. 258 articles were identified in the various search databases. 42 eligible articles were subsequently identified after an article screening. Only 18 full texts were subsequently included in the review.
Results
A total of 18 articles were selected and 1142 implants and 595 patients were included. The main techniques used were the Counter-Torque Ratchet Technique (CTRT), Piezosurgery, trephine drills, carbide burs, Erbium, Chromium, Yttrium, Scandium, Gallium, Garnett (Er:Cr:YSGG) laser and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. Combined uses of techniques have been identified such as: Piezosurgery and trephine burs or carbide burs, trephine burs with the use of a 3d-printed-guide, CTRT and trephine burs. The technique with the highest success rate, less morbidity for the patient, and less removal of bone appears to be the CTRT.
Conclusions
The use of conservative techniques, especially CTRT, in bone removal is useful to allow for immediate implant placement in the removal area. However, further studies with a high sample size are needed to be performed on all techniques, particularly new RCTs that allow for the analysis of the success of alternative techniques such as Laser and Piezosurgery, which appear to be very promising.
Habitual smoking and dental health: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018
Authors: Dang Xiangji , Liu Guanchen , Zhao Zhihu , Mu Lijuan , Yang Ruifeng , Qi Jing , Niu Qianqian , Liu Yan
Published: August 2023

Background: Smoking can damage dental health, but the relationship between the duration of habitual smoking and the degree of dental damage has not been reported.
Objective: This research aimed to investigate the dental health of habitual smokers who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018 and to assess the relationship between the duration of regular smoking and dental health.
Methods: Participants in the NHANES database aged ≥18 and ≤70 years were included in this study. Based on the responses to the smoking questionnaire, the regular smoking time is estimated. Data concerning dental health were derived from the results of dental screenings. This study investigated the connection between the average smoking time of the participants and dental health using a multivariate linear regression model. This study created a risk prediction model to assess tooth injury risk in the smoking population.
Results: A total of 3113 participants with complete information were involved. The analysis of multiple linear regression models showed that the longer a person smoked, the more severe the damage to their teeth, with a smoking year of 20 increasing to 0.069 (β=0.069，95% CI (0.024, 0.114), p<0.0001) and a smoking year of more than 20 rising to 0.135 (β=0.135, 95% CI (0.070,0.201), p<0.0001). The smokers who had been smoking for more than 20 years had a 2.7-fold higher number of unhealthy teeth than the group who had smoked for less than 20 years (β=2.7, 95% CI (2.2, 3.3), p<0.0001).
Conclusion: The longer smokes, the more detrimental the impact on dental health can be. Therefore, smoking can negatively affect teeth, making it beneficial to quit or reduce smoking as soon as possible for better dental health. Several tools have been developed include prediction curves, risk assessment models, and assessment scales to assess the dental status of smokers and promote better dental health.
Interleukin-6 Blockade With Tocilizumab In Idiopathic Multicentric Plasma Cell Variant Castleman Disease: Case report
Authors: Naranjo-Saltos Fernando , Lescano Martin , Arce Yanael , Fernandez Heidi Angela
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Castleman disease represents a group of rare lymphoproliferative disorders with heterogeneous manifestations and similar histopathological features. Due to its broad spectrum of clinical presentations, it can be challenging to reach an accurate diagnosis promptly, thereby delaying adequate treatment for patients. In certain circumstances, demographic and socioeconomic factors influence the treatments patients receive. We aimed to describe the initial response of a patient with idiopathic Multicentric Castleman Disease (iMCD) to treatment with Tocilizumab. Case Presentation: We present the case of a patient with a year-long history of unexplained anemia and, most recently, lymphadenopathy. After a thorough review of systems and extensive workup, a diagnosis of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease was made. Treatment with tocilizumab, an anti-Interleukin-6 receptor antibody, was initiated due to its availability in countries with limited resources, such as ours. The patient had a rapid favorable clinical response with no signs of relapse. Conclusions: Castleman disease is a lymphoproliferative disorder that should be on our radar when dealing with the differential of a patient with localized or generalized lymphadenopathy. The pathogenesis of iMCD involves hyperproduction of Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and there has been significant progress in its management with monoclonal antibodies, specifically those that involve IL-6 blockade. Anti-IL-6 therapy with tocilizumab can be an option for iMCD treatment, especially in countries where other first-line options are not as readily available.
Identification of pre-determined steroids in commercially available dietary and traditional supplement products in South Africa
Authors: Gabriels Gary , Lambert Michael , Smith Peter
Published: August 2023

Background
An age-old fable can be traced as far back to third century BC that shows ‘sport supplements’ being used by athletes of that era, who made use of ‘substances’, with the aim to improve performance. In more recent times, subsequent to the reunification of Germany, ground-breaking findings were found when acquiring a number of highly classified scientific documents and reports. These documents revealed the systematic state-sponsored programmes of doping of athletes. Specifically linked to anabolic androgenic steroids being a controlled substance globally in several countries. Amidst this ‘control’, steroids are generally readily available for non-medicinal purposes, including for body-image use. Further, in modern day sport and wellness practice, dietary supplements have become of common use and widespread, for competitive and recreational athletes of all ages. This has contributed to modern manufacturing innovation having supplements products that potentially may include illicit substance(s). These often ‘designer steroids’ may be manufactured specifically, to circumvent sport anti-doping laboratory tests, in human sport, and therefore supplied in a clandestine fashion.
Aim
The research study investigated the industry associated with commercially available dietary and traditional supplements. In particular the research assessed the content of these products for prohibited substances, with reference specifically to pre-determined steroids, that may not necessarily be declared on the product label.
Methods
A total of 138 dietary supplements products formed part of the assessment. The products were laboratory analysed for 16 pre-determined steroids, using Tandem Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry.
Results
The frequency of positive tested samples for the respective steroids assessed in the overall cohort ranged from 24–86%, for South African produced dietary supplements 15–89%, and for imported products, bought in South Africa, 12–90%.
Conclusion
The findings of the steroid positive tested samples provide evidence for implementing an improved system for regulating, monitoring, and enforcing the quality control of dietary supplements.
Bioinformatics analysis of ceRNA network of autophagy-related genes in childhood asthma
Authors: Zhu Hao , Shi Jiao , Liao Qing , Xu Biao
Published: August 2023

Background
The key differentially expressed autophagy-related genes(DE-ARGs) in childhood asthma were screened, and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks were constructed to further understand the pathogenesis of asthma.
Methods
DE-ARGs were identified using the Gene Expression Database (GEO) and the Human Autophagy Database. These DE-ARGs were subjected to Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and protein-protein interaction network analysis followed by further verification of core gene expression. MiRNAs were inversely predicted using two databases (miRDB and ENCORI), while miRNA-lncRNA interactions were predicted using LncBase and ENCORI databases. After excluding lncRNAs present only in the nucleus and extracellular space, a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was established and further analyzed. Finally, we validated mRNA expression levels in the ceRNA network by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).
Results
31 DE-ARGs were obtained, of which 29 were up-regulated and two were down-regulated. Autophagy, regulation of apoptotic signaling pathways, interferon-α/β signaling, interferon γ signaling, autophagy-animal, and apoptosis pathways were mainly enriched in asthma. Five hub genes (VEGFA, CFLAR, RELA, FAS, and ATF6) were further analyzed to verify the expression and diagnostic efficacy of these core genes using the GEO dataset. Finally, four hub genes (VEGFA, CFLAR, RELA, and FAS) were obtained. Through the combination of literature search, ceRNA network mechanism, and predicted miRNAs and lncRNAs analysis, a ceRNA network of four mRNAs (VEGFA, CFLAR, RELA, and FAS), three miRNAs (hsa-miR-320b, hsa-miR-22-3p, and hsa-miR-625-5p), and 35 lncRNAs was finally constructed. qRT-PCR showed that FAS was signifcantly upregulated.
Conclusion
Four DE-ARGs, especially FAS, may play a key role in asthma. The new ceRNA network may help to explore the mechanism of autophagy in asthma, which may be important for the development of new treatment options.
Analysis of m7G-Related Signatures in Adrenocortical Carcinoma and Their Correlation with Survival
Authors: lin junhan , Huang Chaoqun , Hu Ende , Chen Yaozhi , Lin Chuanqi
Published: August 2023

N7-methylguanosine (M7G) is a prevalent modification of mRNA in biological systems, and plays a role in various biological processes. Previous research has demonstrated that expression of m7G RNA modification is correlated with cancer and a range of other pathological conditions. The study aimed to explore the potential of m7G as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC). A comprehensive analysis was conducted to identify m7G-related genes in ACC by first compiling a list of 26 critical regulators through previous research and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Subsequently, LASSO Cox regression analysis was performed on RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and accompanying clinical data, resulting in the identification of nine m7G prognostic signatures (GEMIN5, DCPS, AGO2, EIF4E2, NCBP1, WDR4, EIF4A1, EIF4E3, NUDT16) to create a predictive signature. Patients with ACC were then classified into high- and low-risk groups based on the predictive signature, with the results showing that patients in the high-risk group had a poorer prognosis. The m7G signature demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity and robustness, as demonstrated by its diagnostic performance and external validation through the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). This study provides a comprehensive analysis of m7G RNA methylation in ACC and offers insight into the gene expression, function, interaction, and predictive value of m7G-related genes, which may provide valuable information for prognosis prediction and treatment guidance for ACC patients.
Turning anecdotal irradiation-induced anti-cancer immune responses into reproducible in situ cancer vaccines via disulfiram/copper-mediated enhanced immunogenic cell death of breast cancer cells
Authors: Wang Xinhui , Guo Wei , Jia Lin , Xie Ling , Kiang Juliann , Wang Yangyang , Wang Fuyou , Lin Zunwen , Wang Enwen , Zhang Yida , Huang Peigen , Sun Ting , Zhang Xiao , Bian Zhengying , Tang Tiejun , Guo Jingtian , Ferrone Soldano
Published: August 2023

Irradiation (IR) induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumors, but it rarely leads to the abscopal effect (AE). However, combining IR with immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown anecdotal success in inducing AEs. In this study, we aimed to enhance the IR-induced immune response and generate reproducible AEs using the anti-alcoholism drug disulfiram (DSF) and copper complex (DSF/Cu) via induction of tumor ICD. We measured ICD in vitro and in vivo. In mouse tumor models, DSF/Cu was injected intratumorally followed by localized tumor IR, creating an in situ cancer vaccine. We determined the anti-cancer response by primary tumor rejection and assessed systemic immune responses by tumor rechallenge and the occurrence of AEs, i.e., spontaneous lung metastasis. Additionally, we analyzed immune cell subsets and quantified proinflammatory and immunosuppressive chemokines/cytokines in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and blood of the vaccinated mice. Immune cell depletion was investigated for its effects on the vaccine-induced anti-cancer response. The results showed that DSF/Cu and IR induced more potent ICD under hypoxia than normoxia in vitro. Low-dose intratumoral injection of DSF/Cu and IR demonstrated strong anti-primary and -rechallenged tumor effects and robust AEs in mouse models. These vaccinations also increased CD8 + and CD4 + cell numbers while decreasing Tregs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the 4T1 model, and increased CD8+, DC, and decreased Treg cell numbers in the MCa-M3C model. Depleting both CD8 + and CD4 + cells abolished the vaccine's anti-cancer response. Moreover, vaccinated tumor-bearing mice exhibited increased TNFα levels and reduced levels of immunosuppressive chemokines/cytokines. In conclusion, our novel approach generated an anti-cancer immune response, resulting in a lack of or low tumor incidence post-rechallenge and robust AEs, i.e., the absence of or decreased spontaneous lung metastasis in tumor-bearing mice. This approach is readily translatable to clinical settings and may increase IR-induced AEs in cancer patients.
Sight Impairment registration in Trinidad: 35-year trend in causes and population coverage in comparison to the National Eye Survey of Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Ramsewak Shivaa , Deomansingh Frank , Winford Blaine , Bartholomew Debra , Maharaj Vedatta , Fraser Amandi , Singh Deo , Suratt Kenneth , Tripathi Vrijesh , McNally Kevin , Sharma Subash , Bascaran Covadonga , Ramsewak Samuel , Bourne Rupert , Braithwaite Tasanee
Published: August 2023

Background: Little was known causes and coverage of sight impairment (SI) registration in the Caribbean. We compared the Trinidad and Tobago Blind Welfare Association (TTBWA) register and findings from the 2014 National Eye Survey of Trinidad and Tobago (NESTT).
Methods: This study included TTBWA register analysis; cross-sectional validation studies of registered clients, involving interviews, vision function and cause ascertainment in July 2013, and interview and visual function measurement only in July 2016; comparison of causes of SI between register and national survey, and estimation of registration coverage.
Results: The TTBWA register included 863 people (all ages) registered between 1980 and 2015, 48.1%(n=415) male. The NESTT identified 1.1%(75/7158) people aged >5years eligible for SI or SSI registration, 49.3%(n=37) male. The causes of SI and SSI agreed closely between the register and population-representative survey, with glaucoma being the leading cause in both the register (26.1%,n=225) and population survey (26.1%, 18/69 adults), followed by cataract and diabetic retinopathy. In the validation studies combined, 62.6%(93/151) clients had SSI, 28.5%(43/151) had (partial) SI and 9.9%(15/151) did not meet SI eligibility criteria. Registration coverage was approximately 7% of the eligible population in Trinidad. SI and SSI were potentially avoidable in at least 58%(n=36/62) adults and 50%(n=7/14) children examined in the 2013 validation study.
Conclusion: We report close agreement in causes of SI between a national register and contemporaneous national population-based eye survey, but highlight low register coverage, and that at least half of all SI resulted from preventable, treatable or curable eye diseases.
Comparison of pregnancy outcomes in two methods of frozen and fresh embryo transfer in infertile women with endometriosis
Authors: Hosseinimousa Sedigheh , Talebian Marzieh , Piri Masoumeh , Pourmahmoudian Reza
Published: August 2023

Introduction: infertility is one of the most important complications in patients with endometriosis however, the use of assisted reproductive treatments have resulted in successful fertility and childbearing in a significant proportion of patients. In this study the outcome of pregnancy was compared between two methods of frozen and fresh embryo transfer in infertile women with endometriosis who underwent assisted reproductive treatment in Shariati Hospital from 2013 to 2020.
Methods: From 197 patients with endometriosis who received infertility treatment, 105 were assigned to fresh embryo transfer group and 92 were assigned to frozen embryo transfer group. Patient’s data was gathered using archive files. Patients in both groups were matched in terms of age, BMI (Body Mass Index), duration of primary infertility, base FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) serum levels and number of transferred embryos (P>0.05). The IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) pregnancy outcomes in two groups were compared in terms of live birth rate, clinical pregnancy rate, chemical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, ongoing pregnancy rate.
Results: Live birth rate, clinical pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate and chemical pregnancy rate in frozen embryo transfer group was significantly higher than fresh embryo transfer group (P<0.049). miscarriage rate was not significantly different in both groups (P=0.546).
Conclusion: According to the results and parameters in this study frozen embryo transfer is more successful in terms of pregnancy outcomes than fresh embryo transfer.
Alcohol use, mental health status, and alcohol-related problems in university students amid COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chau Siu Long , Wong Yiu Cheong , Wu Yongda , Wang Man Ping
Published: August 2023

Background
Alcohol is widely used by university students worldwide and associated with mental health problems, but little is known about its prevalence amid the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in Asian regions. We aimed to investigate alcohol use, mental health status, and alcohol-related problems in university students amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
In this secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial study, we recruited students with Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) ≥ 8 from 10 local universities during the pandemic (2020–2022) in Hong Kong. Alcohol-related problems were measured by the Academic Role Expectations and Alcohol Scale (AREAS). Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured by General Anxiety Disorder-2 (GAD-2) and two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2). Socio-demographic and alcohol-drinking behaviors were also assessed. Adjusted unstandardized coefficients (b) for AREAS score and odds ratio (AOR) for the academic problems were calculated, and interactions by mental health status were assessed.
Results
Of 772 participants (mean age: 21.2, 47.9% male), the mean AREAS score was 2.4 (SD 3.2) and 68.2% had underage drinking. 69.3% binge drank and 28.9% had heavy drinking in the past 30-day, and 38.0% reported increased drinking amid the COVID-19 pandemic. 28.3% and 28.8% had anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. Higher drinking frequency, binge drinking, heavy drinking, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were associated with higher AREAS scores (adjusted b range 0.78–1.85, all P < 0.05). Binge drinking was associated with late for class, class absenteeism, class inattention, and late assignment submission (AORs range 1.75–3.89, all P < 0.05). Participants with anxiety or depressive symptoms had stronger associations of higher drinking frequency (anxiety: b 1.72 vs. 1.03; depression: 2.47 vs. 0.83), binge drinking (anxiety: b 2.77 vs. 1.73; depression: 2.94 vs. 1.63), and heavy drinking (anxiety: b 2.42 vs. 1.17; depression: 2.61 vs. 1.27) with AREAS scores (all P for interactions < 0.05).
Conclusions
University students had a high prevalence of binge drinking, heavy drinking, and mental health problems amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Alcohol use in the pandemic was associated with multiple alcohol-related problems, particularly in university students with mental health problems. Interventions are warranted to reduce alcohol use and related harm in the future.
Defects and residual stresses Finite Element prediction of FDM 3D printed Wood/PLA biocomposite
Authors: Morvayová Alexandra , Contuzzi Nicola , Casalino Giuseppe
Published: August 2023

The rising interest amongst research community in utilizing PLA-based biocomposites for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is driven by the increasing demand for eco-friendly and cost-effective materials for various applications. While significant progress has been made in understanding the process-structure-property relationship, the intricate interconnections involved in this context remain only partially revealed. Current lack of knowledge poses challenges in achieving optimal quality and dimensional accuracy of FDM-manufactured specimens from biocomposites. Although numerous numerical models exist for simulating the FDM process, there is a distinct need for models tailored to the specific characteristics of biocomposites. This study presents a 3D coupled thermomechanical numerical model designed to predict dimensions, defect formation, residual stresses, and temperature in PLA/wood cubes produced by FDM, considering various process parameters and composite-like nature of wood-filled PLA filaments. The accuracy of the proposed numerical model was validated by comparing its results with experimental measurements of biocomposite cubes manufactured under the same process parameters. Encouragingly, the simulated dimensions showed a maximum relative error of 9.52% when compared to the experimental data, indicating a good agreement. The numerical model also successfully captured the defect formation in the manufactured cubes, demonstrating consistent correspondence with defects observed in the experimental specimens. Moreover, the study highlighted the influence of wooden additives on defect formation.
Quality Of Life Of HIV Positive Patients Attending Anti-Retroviral Clinic in Enugu, Nigeria.
Authors: Ogbodo Okechukwu Chime , Ossai Edmund Ndudi
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION:Globally, more than 70 million people have been infected with the HIV virus and about 35 million people have died of HIV related causes since 1981.OBJECTIVE:To assess the quality of life of HIV positive patients attending Anti-retroviral clinic in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.METHODOLOGY:This cross sectional study was carried out among 400 respondents selected by systematic sampling. Fisher Exact and chi square test, Student t-test, and Spearman’s correlation were used where appropriate. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.RESULTS:Majority (75%) of the respondents were female, and more than half (54.3%) were more than 38 years old. A high proportion (77.5%) perceived their overall quality of life to be in excellent. Those 38 years and above had the best quality of life, while those within the age group 18 to 22 years had the worst quality of life. Married or widowed respondents had better excellent quality of health than those who were separated or single. The quality of life of majority of the respondents was mostly affected by lack of money (75.8%) and their physical condition (24.3%). Also, most of the respondents (56.2%) who were ill had the least quality of life, while those who were not ill (87.5%) had better quality of life. Majority of the respondents (68.3%) were satisfied with their physical condition. While 75.8% were satisfied with their psychological feelings.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS:The overall quality of life of majority of the respondents was good, and majority of them were satisfied with their current health status. There should be improvement on early diagnosis and treatment, including provision of social support services.
Effects of exogenous self-made active humic acid manure on physical and chemical properties and soil bacteria of continuous cropping obstacle soil in Capsicum annuum L
Authors: Deng Tingfei , Deng Tingfei , Yan Yanfang , Liu Xiaolan , Guan Zhengce , Yang Fenghua , Ge Lijuan , Pan Xiong , Gao Ming , Yan Qiuxiao , Gao Anqin , Wang Daoping , Peng Mei , Luo Zhongsheng , Yang Lishou , Li Liangqun , Yang Xiaosheng
Published: August 2023

Aims Capsicum annuum
L. is a widely cultivated horticultural crop known for its pungent varieties and culinary significance. However, the production of chili pepper has been hindered by soil continuous cropping obstacles.
Methods
In this study, we investigated the potential of differential fertilizer application, specifically the combination of homemade humic acid organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, and Bacillus subtilis, in improving soil conditions and microbial activity to alleviate the soil continuous cropping obstacles in chili pepper cultivation. The experiment focused on evaluating the effects of the differential fertilizer application on soil physicochemical properties, including electrical conductivity and enzyme activities (urease, hydrogen peroxide, phosphatase, and sucrase), as well as cation exchange capacity. Additionally, the microbial community in the soil was also examined.
Results
The application of the differential fertilizer significantly improved soil conditions. The electrical conductivity was reduced, indicating a decrease in soil salinity. Enzyme activities, such as urease, hydrogen peroxide, phosphatase, and sucrase, exhibited increased levels, suggesting enhanced nutrient cycling and availability. Moreover, the cation exchange capacity was unaffected by the differential fertilizer application. Microbial analysis revealed positive changes in the soil microbial community, indicating a potential improvement in soil health.
Conclusions
These findings highlight the effectiveness of the differential fertilizer application, consisting of homemade humic acid organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, and Bacillus subtilis, in mitigating soil continuous cropping obstacles in chili pepper cultivation. The improved soil conditions and enhanced microbial activity contribute to the sustainability and productivity of chili pepper production.
Online monitoring and prediction for surface roughness in rotational electro-magnetic finishing using acoustic emission and vision-based neural network
Authors: Lee Jung-Hee , Farson Dave , Cho Hideo , Kwak Jae-Seob
Published: August 2023

The importance of surface finishing processes and accurate surface quality prediction models has increased in response to the growing demand for improved surface finish for ultra-precision applications. To enhance process efficiency and develop accurate predictive models, numerous studies have investigated the monitoring and prediction of surface roughness. However, existing mathematical approaches encounter challenges in establishing the correlation between input and output variables and providing real-time surface status monitoring. Therefore, this study aimed to monitor and predict surface roughness in real-time for the rotational electro-magnetic finishing (REMF) process using acoustic emission (AE) signals. To analyze signal features and develop an accurate surface prediction model, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was suggested, utilizing scalogram images as time-frequency characteristics of AE signals. The suggested model demonstrated outstanding quantitative results compared to those of the regression model, with training coefficient of determination (R2), mean squared error(MSE), and F-test of 0.986, 0.1910-3, and 99%, and testing R2, MSE, and F-test of 0.951, 2.2310-3, and 99%, respectively. In addition, the suggested model showed good generalization ability with a relatively lower mean MSE of 0.003 through verification experiments. These results demonstrated that the sensory data and image-driven model were effective in real-time monitoring and surface roughness prediction in the REMF process with high accuracy and reliability.
The Prevalence of Ageism in the Chinese Workplace: Investigating the Impact of the "Retirement" Age at 35 Years Old on Job Seekers
Authors: LI ZHENZHEN , Tang Zhihao
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThis study explores age discrimination's profound impact on job seekers aged 35+ in China. Despite their experience, they encounter unfair treatment and missed opportunities due to their age, resulting in stress and diminished mental well-being. This bias further erodes the motivation of experienced workers, ultimately hampering the efficiency of companies. The Chinese government's 35-year age limit for certain roles fuels ageism, reinforcing biased stereotypes.MethodsThis study investigates the influence of age discrimination on HR choices by employing mediators: perceived stereotypes (PS) and perceived age bias (PAB). The connections between these variables are analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM), revealing the intricate impact of ageism on the dynamics of decision-making.ResultsThe findings of this study reveal pivotal insights. Age discrimination exerts a significant influence on mental well-being (MWB) and shapes prejudiced hiring choices. Perceived stereotypes (PS) strongly impact recruitment decisions (DTH), alongside perceived age bias (PAB). Notably, these relationships exhibit substantial statistical significance (p < 0.01), some demonstrating even higher significance (p < 0.001). What is more, gender moderates these effects, shedding light on nuanced dynamics within age bias effects.ConclusionThis inquiry uncovers harmful effects of age bias on job seekers aged 35+ in China. The unfair treatment arising from age-related factors generates stress, affecting mental well-being. Ageism permeates into the realm of hiring decisions, where stereotypes and bias wield influence over the choices made. The findings underscore the urgency of addressing age discrimination's repercussions on both individual well-being and organizational efficiency. The research enhances understanding of ageism's effects on individuals and workplaces in China.
Ensuring Secure and Efficient Multi-Cloud Storage with Brotli Compression and Hierarchical Data Protection
Authors: M. Antony Joans Kumar , C Christopher Columbus , E Ben George , C Seldev Christopher
Published: August 2023

Modern computing now relies on cloud storage as an essential component for providing a flexible and cost-effective solution for data storage and retrieval. However, ensuring the security and confidentiality of sensitive data in a cloud environment remains challenging. This paper advocates a secure multi-cloud storage solution termed as Brotli Compression based Hierarchical Data Protection. . This architecture enforces the required security by subjecting any file to be stored or retrieved from cloud storage through four hierarchical operations. The Brotli compression algorithm is employed to reduce the data size and enable faster transmission. Additionally, the Simple Regenerating Code encoding is applied for data reconstruction in case of data loss. To ensure data integrity, the system uses the MD5 hash function to generate a unique hash code which is appended with each chunk. The Circular Shift Chunk Allocation algorithm is used to select the chunk storage order across many clouds. The four levels of operations carried out backwards to retrieve the file. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated with other secure cloud storage systems already in existence. The results of the experiments outperformed other systems in terms of data retrieval time, transmission speed, and provides data security and confidentiality.
On the origin of initial hydrocarbons in methanol-to-hydrocarbons reaction
Authors: Ruiz-Martinez Javier , Li Teng , Chung Sang-Ho , Nastase Stefan , Wu Xiangkun , Zhang Zihao , Rushana Khairova , Bodi Andras , Hemberger Patrick , Gascon Jorge , Cavallo Luigi
Published: August 2023

Providing a complete scheme to describe the methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) reaction network is impeded by insufficient understanding of the chemistry occurring incipiently. Using a temperature-dependent reaction strategy, combined with operando photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopic diagnosis of intermediate species and theory, we provide a comprehensive understanding on initial hydrocarbons formation, including the first C–C bond, olefins, and aromatics. Surface acetyl groups attached to zeolite and gaseous ethenone (ketene) contain the first C–C bonds. Their generation is associated with surface methoxy species (SMS) formed over Brønsted acid sites and formaldehyde. Ketene methylation by SMS followed by decarbonylation leads to the first olefins, ethylene and propylene. Prins reaction between formaldehyde and propylene results in butadiene, which subsequently reacts with propylene via Diels–Alder reaction to yield methylcyclohexene. Successive hydrogen transfer steps produce the first aromatic compound, toluene. These mechanistic insights will inspire targeted catalyst design and process optimization for MTH technology.
Modeling the COVID-19: A case study based on oil futures
Authors: Alghalith Moawia , Floros Christos , Daglis Theodoros , Gkillas Konstantinos
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the production of mathematical models that were able to explain and thoroughly study various aspects and features of the pandemic. In this work, we provide a well-stated mathematical model to explain and simulate the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. To test our models performance and validity , we utilize actual surveillance data from the pandemic, capturing the results of this empirical investigation. According to the results, our model is valid, since all estimates are statistically significant, and the coefficients explain the evolution of the pandemic. We also explore the presence of potential non-linear dependence between future oil prices and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases simulated by our model.
Developing grains influence terminal senescence and heat stress response by regulating oxidative stress and defense in wheat flag leaves
Authors: Semwal Vimal Kumar , Khanna-Chopra Renu
Published: August 2023

Heat stress at grain development is a major threat for global wheat production systems. This study investigated the impact of high temperature stress on wheat cultivar HW2041 and its cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line during grain development and its effects on leaf senescence and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Late-sown wheat crops experienced extreme high temperature stress, resulting in a shorter grain growth duration compared to normal-sown crops. Heat stress accelerated leaf senescence, as indicated by a faster decline in green flag leaf area, chlorophyll, and protein content. However, the CMS line exhibited delayed senescence and maintained higher levels of these parameters under heat stress. Heat stress also induced oxidative stress, with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation. However, the CMS line displayed better antioxidant defense mechanisms, including higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POX) and increased levels of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH). Moreover, the CMS line exhibited better defense mechanisms in the chloroplast and mitochondria compared to the fertile line, indicating their involvement in regulating senescence and stress responses. Our findings suggest that the CMS line possesses improved heat stress tolerance and a more efficient antioxidant defense system, contributing to delayed senescence and reduced oxidative damage. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of high temperature stress on wheat and highlights the importance of genetic variations in heat stress tolerance.