bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic instability in patients with metachronous colorectal cancers
Authors: Sengupta S B , Yiu C-Y , Boulos P B , De Silva M , Sams V R , Delhanty J D A
Published: June 2006

Background

Nearly 7 per cent of patients who undergo resection for colorectal cancer develop metachronous cancers several years later. A molecular marker that could identify patients susceptible to metachronous cancers would be of clinical importance.

Methods

Twenty-four colorectal cancers from 15 individuals with metachronous colorectal cancer were investigated for microsatellite instability at five loci by single stranded conformational polymorphism analysis. A control group of 14 colorectal cancers from individuals who had only developed one sporadic colorectal cancer each was analysed similarly.

Results

Microsatellite instability was demonstrated in 17 of 24 cancers from individuals with metachronous cancer compared with one of 14 cancers from individuals with a single colorectal cancer.

Conclusion

These results suggest that testing for microsatellite instability may be useful in recognizing patients at high risk of developing metachronous colorectal cancers.
Quality of life after pancreaticoduodenectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head
Authors: Schniewind B , Bestmann B , Henne-Bruns D , Faendrich F , Kremer B , Kuechler T
Published: June 2006

Background

This study examined quality of life (QoL) after classical partial pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPD) and pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) in patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head, and also evaluated the influence of extended lymphadenectomy (ELA).

Methods

Between January 1993 and March 2004, QoL was analysed in a prospective single-centre study that included 91 patients. Thirty-four patients underwent PPD and 57 had a PPPD. Seventy patients had an ELA and 21 underwent regional lymphadenectomy (RLA). QoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 questionnaire and a pancreatic cancer-specific module. Data were collected before operation and for 24 months after surgery.

Results

The overall 5-year survival rate was 18 per cent for all patients and 21 per cent in those who had an R0 resection. QoL was impaired for 3–6 months after surgery and then recovered to preoperative levels. There was no significant difference in long-term survival after PPD versus PPPD and ELA versus RLA. Patients who had ELA reported clinically significant higher levels of diarrhoea and pain. PPPD showed a disadvantage in terms of pain.

Conclusion

The surgical techniques of resection and reconstruction did not affect QoL, but extended lymphadenectomy was associated with an impairment in QoL.
Influence of perioperative blood glucose levels on outcome after infrainguinal bypass surgery in patients with diabetes
Authors: Malmstedt J , Wahlberg E , Jörneskog G , Swedenborg J
Published: June 2006

Background

High glucose levels are associated with increased morbidity and mortality after coronary surgery and in intensive care. The influence of perioperative hyperglycaemia on the outcome after infrainguinal bypass surgery among diabetic patients is largely unknown. The aim was to determine whether high perioperative glucose levels were associated with increased morbidity after infrainguinal bypass surgery.

Methods

Ninety-one consecutive diabetic patients undergoing primary infrainguinal bypass surgery were identified from a prospective vascular registry. Risk factors, indication for surgery, operative details and outcome data were extracted from the medical records. Exposure to perioperative hyperglycaemia was measured using the area under the curve (AUC) method; the AUC was calculated using all blood glucose readings during the first 48 h after surgery.

Results

Multivariable analysis showed that the AUC for glucose (odds ratio (OR) 13·35, first versus fourth quartile), renal insufficiency (OR 4·77) and infected foot ulcer (OR 3·38) was significantly associated with poor outcome (death, major amputation or graft occlusion at 90 days). Similarly, the AUC for glucose (OR 14·45, first versus fourth quartile), female sex (OR 3·49) and tissue loss as indication (OR 3·30) was associated with surgical wound complications at 30 days.

Conclusion

Poor perioperative glycaemic control was associated with an unfavourable outcome after infrainguinal bypass surgery in diabetic patients.
Effect of vaginal delivery on long-term pouch function
Authors: Polle S W , Vlug M S , Slors J F M , Zwinderman A H , van der Hoop A Gerritsen , Cuesta M A , Gouma D J , Bemelman W A
Published: June 2006

Background

The optimal method of childbirth for women with a restorative proctocolectomy (RP) has yet to be determined. Little is known about long-term ileal pouch function after vaginal delivery, especially when childbirth occurred before RP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vaginal delivery before or after RP on long-term pouch function.

Methods

All 267 women who underwent RP between January 1985 and November 2004 were invited to participate. Functional outcome was assessed by colorectal functional outcome questionnaire, and patients were asked about their pregnancies and risk factors for obstetric injury. Linear regression analysis was performed to study potential risk factors for poor pouch function.

Results

The response rate was 82·6 per cent. Median follow-up after pouch surgery was 7·2 (range 1·0–19·7) years. One hundred patients had at least one delivery. Fifty-two (60 per cent) of the 86 patients who attempted a vaginal delivery had an increased risk of obstetric injury according to predefined risk factors. In these patients ageing and longer follow-up were significant risk factors for impaired incontinence.

Conclusion

Women who had RP and vaginal delivery with a high risk of obstetric injury had impaired continence with ageing and longer follow-up. Patients with RP should be informed about the considerable risk of vaginal delivery on long-term ileal pouch function.
Regularities in data from factorial experiments
Authors: Li Xiang , Sudarsanam Nandan , Frey Daniel D.
Published: June 2006

This article documents a meta‐analysis of 113 data sets from published factorial experiments. The study quantifies regularities observed among factor effects and multifactor interactions. Such regularities are known to be critical to efficient planning and analysis of experiments and to robust design of engineering systems. Three previously observed properties are analyzed: effect sparsity, hierarchy, and heredity. A new regularity is introduced and shown to be statistically significant. It is shown that a preponderance of active two‐factor interaction effects are synergistic, meaning that when main effects are used to increase the system response, the interaction provides an additional increase and that when main effects are used to decrease the response, the interactions generally counteract the main effects. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 11: 32–45, 2006
RNA interference for antiviral therapy
Authors: Ketzinel‐Gilad Mali , Shaul Yosef , Galun Eithan
Published: June 2006

Silencing gene expression through a process known as RNA interference (RNAi) has been known in the plant world for many years. In recent years, knowledge of the prevalence of RNAi and the mechanism of gene silencing through RNAi has started to unfold. It is now believed that RNAi serves in part as an innate response against invading viral pathogens and, indeed, counter silencing mechanisms aimed at neutralizing RNAi have been found in various viral pathogens. During the past few years, it has been demonstrated that RNAi, induced by specifically designed double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules, can silence gene expression of human viral pathogens both in acute and chronic viral infections. Furthermore, it is now apparent that in in vitro and in some in vivo models, the prospects for this technology in developing therapeutic applications are robust. However, many key questions and obstacles in the translation of RNAi into a potential therapeutic platform still remain, including the specificity and longevity of the silencing effect, and, most importantly, the delivery of the dsRNA that induces the system. It is expected that for the specific examples in which the delivery issue could be circumvented or resolved, RNAi may hold promise for the development of gene‐specific therapeutics. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of radiation therapy on healing and stability of vascularized bone grafts in a dog model
Authors: Eisenschenk Andreas , Witzel Christiane , Lautenbach Martin , Ekkernkamp Axel , Weber Ulrich , Küntscher Markus V.
Published: June 2006

The purpose of the study was to observe the impact of radiation therapy on healing and biomechanical properties of vascularized bone grafts, and thus to establish an appropriate large animal model. Ten male beagles were divided into two experimental groups: radiation (R) and control (C). The left 5th to 7th ribs of the animals of group R were irradiated 3 and 2 weeks preoperatively, using a dose of 8 Gy each time. Each animal of both groups underwent the following operative procedures. The 5th and 7th ribs were removed, and the 5th rib was replaced by a vascularized pedicle transfer of the 4th rib. The 7th rib was reconstructed using a pedicle transplant of the 8th rib. The 5th and 7th ribs were used as nonvascularized bone grafts to replace the donor sites of the 4th and 8th ribs, respectively. Group R received two further irradiation cycles 2 and 3 weeks postoperatively. The vascularized rib grafts of group R demonstrated a higher number of delayed unions in plain x‐rays and avascular bone segments in microangiography than the control group. The presence of vital osteocytes in histology was not significantly different between groups. Biomechanical tests focusing on the durability of vascularized ribs against bending and torsion forces demonstrated a reduction of average maximum bending moments by 56.6% after radiation compared to controls (P < 0.05). Twisting moments were reduced by 47.6% (P < 0.05). The data demonstrate a significant worsening in bone healing and stability after pre‐ and postoperative radiation therapy to the wound bed and bone grafts. Thus, a large animal model is established for further determination of different strategies of radiotherapy in combination with vascularized bone transfers. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2006.
Proton NMR and IR study of self‐association in pyridylalkanols: open or cyclic dimers? higher polymers?
Authors: Lomas John S. , Adenier Alain , Cordier Christine
Published: June 2006

1H NMR measurements indicate that (X‐pyridyl)alkanols of the general formula (C5H4N)(CH2)nOH, where n = 1, 2 or 3, self‐associate as open dimers, cyclic dimers, trimers and tetramers, with considerable variations depending on the position of the alkyl chain and its length. 2‐(X‐Pyridyl)propan‐2‐ols behave like the corresponding pyridylmethanols with, however, somewhat lower association constants. The IR spectra of 3‐(X‐pyridyl)‐2,2,4,4‐tetramethylpentan‐3‐ols (X = 3 or 4) in carbon tetrachloride suggest weak association, while the 2‐pyridyl derivative occurs mainly as the intramolecularly hydrogen‐bonded rotamer. The OH NMR shifts for the 3‐ and 4‐pyridyl derivatives in benzene are concentration‐dependent, but neither the equilibrium constants nor the degree of association can be evaluated. Benzyl alcohol in benzene associates as an open dimer and a cyclic tetramer, as does 2‐phenylpropan‐2‐ol, only more weakly. Rotation barriers for 3‐(X‐pyridyl)‐2,2,4,4‐tetramethylpentan‐3‐ols (X = 2, 3 or 4) in DMSO or nitrobenzene are 20–21 kcal mol−1. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.