bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adequação do teste de tetrazólio para avaliação da viabilidade de sementes de Hylocereus polyhizus
Authors: Da Silva Jacqueline Barcelos , Almeida Andréia da Silva , Figueiredo Josiane Cantuária , Gonçalves Vanessa Pinto , Martins Andrea Bicca Noguez , De Tunes Lílian Vanussa Madruga , Santos Isabela Oliveira , RIBEIRO R. C. F.
Published: September 2023

O teste de tetrazólio é amplamente utilizado para estimar a viabilidade de sementes de várias espécies. No entanto, a eficiência do teste de tetrazólio para avaliação da viabilidade de sementes depende do desenvolvimento de um método adequado para cada espécie. Diante do exposto, objetivo do trabalho foi propor uma metodologia para avaliação da viabilidade em sementes de Hylocereus polyhizus pelo teste de tetrazólio. Para a pesquisa foram utilizados três lotes de sementes de pitaia e testadas quatro concentrações de sal de tetrazólio (0,075%; 0,1%; 0,25% e 0,5%) para avaliar a viabilidade das sementes. As sementes foram analisadas individualmente e classificadas como viáveis ou não viáveis. Paralelamente, foram conduzidos testes de germinação e primeira contagem da germinação para a caracterização inicial dos lotes. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições.  O teste de tetrazólio conduzido na concentração de 0,075% a uma temperatura de 40 ºC por 2 horas é eficiente para avaliar a viabilidade das sementes de Hylocereus polyhizus, bem como para diferenciar lotes com qualidades fisiológicas distintas.
Microbiota and antibiotic therapy in rhinosinusitis
Authors: Zawadzka - Głos Lidia
Published: September 2023

Rhinosinusitis is one of the most frequently diagnosed diseases in patients seeking medical consultation. Sinusitis is a heterogeneous group of diseases and can be acute or chronic.The current state of knowledge on rhinosinusitis is presented in the recommendations of the European Position Paper on Rhinosynusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 (EPOS 2020). More and more attention is paid to the condition of the microbiota in the context of inflammatory changes in the sinuses.There is also a negative effect of excessively prescribed antibiotics on the increase in bacterial resistance to drugs and significant changes in the disturbance in the composition of the microbiota during antibiotic therapy. Since the most common etiology of acute sinusitis is viral, the use of antibiotics in uncomplicated sinusitis is unjustified. New therapeutic solutions are sought, including the use of herbal medicines. The EPOS 2020 document recommends the use of BNO1016 in uncomplicated acute rhinosinusitis. New models of treatment also take into account the use of biological drugs, especially in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis.
Half-education As a Hermeneutic Challenge for Religious Education In Schools
Authors: Milerski Bogusław
Published: September 2023

Half-education As a Hermeneutic Challenge for Religious Education In SchoolsAbstract: School is not a place of neutral education. The theory and practice of “school life” are conditioned not only by pedagogical, cultural and legal concepts, but also by the forms of social consciousness and ideological interests of various social groups. The idea of half-education or Halbbildung was formulated by Th.W. Adorno. It describes a distorted education, organized around dominant ideological interests, including utilitarian and instrumental thinking. In this article, the concept of Halbbildung is applied to school religious education in Poland. Not only does this concept reflect the hermeneutic dimension of critical theory but also underpins the hermeneutics of educational practice. The analyses presented use data on students' participation in religious education lessons and the results of original research on the rationality of school education. Such a critical approach is an impulse to reflect on the essence of religious education at school, especially in light of the idea to make religion a compulsory school subject. The obligatory status of religious education as part of the curriculum of in public schools poses a challenge to the pedagogical discourse in Poland and in other countries that have made or are considering such a decision and in such a scope. From a theoretical perspective, this is a challenge in terms of pedagogical hermeneutics.
EpilogLiving with the Perplexities of Our Being-in-the-world with Others: The Paradox of Bildung
Authors: Wierciński Andrzej
Published: September 2023

not applicable
Productivity, nitrogen balance and economics of winter maize (Zea mays) as influenced by QPM cultivars and nitrogen levels
Authors: OM HARI , SINGH S P , SINGH J K , SINGH R N , ANSARI M A , MEENA R L , YADAV BRIJESH
Published: September 2023

The experimental findings suggests that SEEDTEC 2324 proved superior over other cultivars for increasing yield of winter maize and application of 240 kg N/ha was found most suitable for achieving higher yield and profitability of winter maize in eastern Uttar Pradesh conditions. Further investigations are required to bring yields of QPM cultivars at par with the best normal endosperm cultivars.
Diseño metodológico de sistematización de preguntas abiertas: un esfuerzo para mejorar la investigación cualitativa
Authors: Posso Pacheco Richar Jacobo
Published: September 2023

La investigación cualitativa ha sido crucial para comprender la complejidad de las experiencias humanas y los fenómenos sociales, pero la subjetividad y la diversidad de respuestas en preguntas abiertas han sido obstáculos para su sistematización. El objetivo del artículo fue diseñar una metodología para la sistematización de preguntas abiertas, proporcionando un marco estructurado y eficiente que aborden los desafíos específicos asociados con la ponderación y análisis de las respuestas. Este diseño metodológico mejora la calidad y objetividad de investigaciones cualitativas al abordar la sistematización de preguntas abiertas, contribuyendo al avance del conocimiento en diversas áreas.
Features of exercising the right to education for persons granted temporary protection in European Union member states
Authors: Vasechko Volodymyr
Published: September 2023

The Council of the European Union, by an implementing decision on March 4, 2022, put into effect Directive No. 2001/55/EU of July 20, 2001, on minimum standards for the provision of temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons and measures promoting the balancing of efforts between member states to receive such persons and solving the consequences thereof. The problems of exercising the right to education as a natural human right by persons granted temporary protection in the European Union are urgent. In view of the above, the purpose of the study was to address the unique aspects of exercising of the right to education by persons who were granted temporary protection in the member states of the European Union. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method and methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, modelling, system and functional approach, statistical, and formal legal. The paper defines that access to education for persons granted temporary protection in the European Union is provided for by Council Directive No. 2001/55/EU, according to which the member states of the European Union provide full access to the education system for all minors who were granted temporary protection status, on an equal basis with their citizens. It is noted that member states of the European Union may provide for restrictions on such access by the state education system. The specifics of the exercise of the right to education by these persons are also consolidated in the national legislation of EU member states. It was found that these states can provide for restrictions on access to the state education system. They also carry out procedures for recognising foreign diplomas, certificates, and other documents confirming the official qualifications of persons granted temporary protection. The practical value of the results obtained lies in the fact that they can be used to improve the legislation regulating the grounds and procedure for obtaining temporary protection for persons forcibly displaced from Ukraine in EU member states, and the specifics of exercising the rights and obligations by persons with temporary protection
The Expectations and Development of Trans-musical and Bi-temporal Competence for Musician-teachers: An Autoethnographic Perspective
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Mapana Kedmon , Lundquist Barbara ,   University of Washington
Published: September 2023

This autoethnographic article begins with a brief survey of some cross-cultural perspective based on diverse but collaborative authorial backgrounds in musical education from Africa and the United States, respectively. They describe their music teaching experiences and the changes they have made in their knowledge, skills, and preferences in music cultures and teaching methodology to succeed in their respective teaching positions. Their paper argues for keeping children at the heart of debates linked to their development. Towards this end, they contend that, instead of students adapting automatically to their teachers’ music culture, music educators expand their knowledge, skills and preferences to include the enculturative music preference of their students. Such an approach avoids enculturational discontinuity, particularly disrupting the cultural continuity of lifelong learning in music, as in case of the effects of colonialism and cultural marginalisation have had on educational curricula. In addition, we adjusted our teaching methodology to include more student-centred, participatory, collaborative instruction. This article, therefore, advocates for providing students with opportunities for contributing to research development, gaining experience with issues involving cultural policies and for reinterpreting and recirculating examples of contemporary global forms of music in addition to creating and expanding music-making in their music culture. The article, therefore, recommends for the preparation and certification of trans-musical and bi-temporal music educators.
A Counter Reading of Globalised Children’s Literature in Mollel’s Books
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Silkiluwasha Mpale
Published: September 2023

This article analyses the perceptions of an African audience of books written on Africa published but mostly sold in the West, based on the assumption that these books primarily target a Western audience. Drawing insights from postcolonial and children’s literature scholars, the study sought to bring into the conversation the voice of the otherwise marginalised population—African (Tanzanian) audience—who are represented in these texts. Based on ethnographic studies conducted in Dar es Salaam amongst primary school students, students and staff from the University of Dar es Salaam, and some staff from the Children’s Books Project (CBP) of Tanzania, the study focused on Mollel Tolowa’s seven books with to gather perceptions of a Tanzanian audience. Even though both young and older readers alike highly spoke of the books’ quality and for having a relatively fair representation of Tanzania, these participants observed incidents of the books either pandering to stereotypes and/or offering inaccurate information.
VISÃO DISCENTE
Authors: Vieira Maurício Aires , Brum Elciete de Campos Moraes
Published: September 2023

Este artigo apresenta as percepções de alunos do Ensino Médio envolvendo as aprendizagens de Matemática. As informações coletadas foram através de um questionário aplicado em duas turmas, totalizando 45 alunos. Todos foram convidados a participar, porém nem todos se dispuseram a respondê-lo. Perante as dificuldades apresentadas por eles nesta etapa da Educação Básica, assim como os índices oficiais que comprovam que existem realmente defasagens em alguns conteúdos do componente que afetam o ensino e consequentemente a aprendizagem causando uma desmotivação podendo levar ao abandono escolar, por esta razão e após a análise das respostas dos alunos resolveu-se realizar uma intervenção pedagógica com os professores que atuam no Ensino Médio da escola acompanhada para minimizar o distanciamento desta ciência e fortalecer o vínculo aluno/professor/Matemática, tornando o ambiente de sala de aula agradável e mais respeitoso promovendo uma aprendizagem significativa além de contribuir para fortalecer e intensificar prática pedagógica do professor de Matemática.
Employment Opportunities with Make in India
Authors: Dr Ram Shankar Pandey
Published: September 2023

The Government of India's campaign Make in India, which means "Make in India", has been implemented by the Government of India on 25 September 2014 in the country. The Government of India aims to make India a Global Manufacturing Hub. Under this campaign, the public has to be encouraged for manufacturing, companies have to be encouraged to develop. Investment promotion is a new initiative to encourage people to manufacture globally in the country, which has further eased the Indian business policy. Under Make in India, inviting foreign companies in the form of employment, technology and investment is to 'use' the land and put it in the development works of the country.Make in India is being led by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India. Under Make in India, the Government of India aims to develop the Indian economy and provide investors controlled economic growth by the year 2022. Achievement has been achieved in about 25 areas under Make in India. We can say that the Make in India campaign is an initiative taken by the Government of India to fulfill the goal of economic development of the country in which domestic manufacturing is being promoted, employment opportunities are being provided and foreign companies are also being promoted. Attracting investment. Make in India is playing an important role in the economic development of India.
Thikre ki Mangni and the Eruption of Mahrukh by Nasira Sharma
Authors: Mrs. Premlata Meena and Dr. Samay Singh Meena
Published: September 2023

Theekre ki Mangani' is a lively portrayal of a woman 'Mahrukh' struggling to create her own existence and independent identity due to circumstances. In this novel ‘Theekre Ki Mangani’ written by the renowned writer of contemporary Hindi fiction, ‘Nasira Sharma’, a reliable and meaningful form of women’s discussion is found. Mahrukh's life represents the life of those women who, instead of searching for their liberation in isolation, broaden the question of liberation by connecting it with the liberation of the neglected, lower class, struggling and exploited characters of the society. Mahrukh's refusal to marry Rafat, breaking Thikre's engagement, is more a woman's desire for natural self-respect than a specific ideology. Mahrukh despises the display of dedication, sentimentality and sensitivity which is considered a woman's weakness. By continuously strengthening herself, she gives a message to the future generation that a woman should never consider herself powerless. He should not become weak in front of the circumstances, but should face them boldly and live a respectable life on his own terms. In this way, Nasira Sharma has proved herself to be a strong advocate of women's rights through her character Mahrukh. She says that a woman can live not only for a man but also for the society.
In the field of child justice, the role/functioning of the Child Welfare Committee; CWC/Juvenile Justice Board;JJB, in the context of District-Farrukhabad U.P.
Authors: Dr. Sanjeev Gangwar
Published: September 2023

Every child is full of talented qualities but it needs such a society and suitable time which helps to shine its talent like rainbow veins. The schemes of the government are commendable for child development, but their non-use on the ground is the biggest hindrance in child development. There the role of law starts where it is tried to bring it on the right path through corrective methods or by punishment for which various provisions were already made in many laws like in Section-82 of the Indian Penal Code-1860. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act was enacted in 1960, the Juvenile Justice Act in 1986, the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act in 2000 and now the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act in 2015. Children should be kept away from crime not by punitive methods but by corrective methods and they should be prepared in such a way that they can become good citizens, but for some years there has been an unprecedented increase in cases of rape, murder, kidnapping by minors, which need to be curbed. Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2015 was enacted for the purpose of juvenile justice, Child Welfare Committee and Juvenile Justice Board for children in conflict with the law were constituted at the district level all over India, which The Ministry of Women's Welfare and Child Development and the Department of Justice are jointly operating it. Certainly, their role in improving child's crime tendency can be beneficial, and with the proper effort and cooperation of the family and society, the disintegrating childhood can be saved. Which is a bitter truth.
Uma Abordagem de Acompanhamento da Evolução de Planos de Gestão de Dados Ativos
Authors: Gomes Pinheiro Annatercia , Cerceau Renato , Machado Campos Maria Luiza , Manuel Serra da Cruz Sérgio
Published: September 2023

A governança de dados científicos tornou-se peça fundamental para projetos de pesquisa baseados em Ciência Aberta, no entanto nem sempre é executada de modo adequado. Este artigo apresenta o Active Plans & Provenance (APProve), uma abordagem de apoio à gestão e evolução de Planos de Gestão de Dados Ativos (PGDA) baseados em proveniência de dados e alinhados aos princípios FAIR. A prova de conceito é baseada em experimentos de um caso real de versionamentos de um plano do projeto VODAN-Br considerando as determinações do financiamento Horizon 2020. A ferramenta foi capaz de capturar o versionamento e os metadados de proveniência das operações, indicando a viabilidade da abordagem.
Modeling and Implementation of a Web Database for RNA-Seq of Bovine Embryonic Cells
Authors: Daleffi Natalia Soriani , Milazzotto Marcella Pecora , Almeida Fernanda Nascimento
Published: September 2023

This paper aims to develop a dedicated RNA-Seq database for bovine embryos, generated to gain insights into reproductive metabolism. The data is categorized into three groups, each obtained from distinct experiments. The primary objective is to streamline data analysis through a platform, named TranscriptomicsSeqDB, which standardizes and organizes RNA-Seq information from the Laboratory of Embryonic Metabolism and Epigenetics at UFABC, São Paulo, Brazil. Apart from data storage and management, TranscriptomicsSeqDB provides a user-friendly search interface with predefined queries to facilitate gene-specific indicator analysis.
Redução dimensional de dados de expressão gênica para classificação de subtipos de câncer de mama
Authors: Alves Arthur Bindá , Mendonca-Neto Rayol , Nakamura Eduardo , Nakamura Fabíola , Fenyö David
Published: September 2023

O câncer de mama é mais comum em mulheres e o que mais causa mortes. A subtipagem do câncer de mama é fundamental para um tratamento eficaz, mas a alta dimensionalidade dos dados é um desafio para obtenção do diagnóstico. Para mitigar este problema, técnicas de redução dimensional podem ser aplicadas para extrair atributos mais relevantes e reduzir a dimensionalidade. Este trabalho compara estruturas de aprendizagem profunda e propõe o uso do modelo de redes siamesas como uma nova abordagem para aprimorar a classificação em subtipos de câncer de mama. Os resultados mostram que a nova abordagem melhorou em 0,05 o F1 dos subtipos mais difíceis.
Modelagem dimensional do Cadastro Geral de Empregados e Desempregados
Authors: da Silva Pereira André Augusto , da Rocha Seruffo Marcos César , Silva da Silva Marcelino
Published: September 2023

O Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE) conta com um registro permanente de dados referentes a admissões e dispensas de empregados sob o regime da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT), denominado CAGED (Cadastro Geral de Empregados e Desempregados). Suas informações são utilizadas no Programa de Seguro-Desemprego e em outros programas sociais, e são divulgados para reutilização pela sociedade. Neste trabalho, os microdados do CAGED de janeiro de 2020 a maio de 2023 são enriquecidos e consolidados em um conjunto de dados, utilizando a técnica de modelagem dimensional, e disponibilizados em arquivos de dados em formato binário, aberto e orientado a colunas, com objetivo de permitir o armazenamento e recuperação de dados de maneira simples e eficiente. Esta abordagem foi adotada por tratar-se de um volume de dados massivo, com mais de 123 milhões de registros, o que representa um obstáculo técnico para manipulação utilizando formatos tradicionais de texto tabular (CSV).
Elaboração de um Conjunto de Dados sobre o Registro de Patentes no Brasil
Authors: Rezende Nicolas G. , Dalip Daniel Hasan , Brandão Michele A. , Vasconcelos Marisa A.
Published: September 2023

Este artigo apresenta um conjunto de dados desenvolvido a partir das informações disponibilizadas nas revistas de registro de patentes do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI). Devido à fragmentação das informações em múltiplas revistas, torna-se inviável realizar buscas ou fazer análises sobre o cenário de registro de patentes no Brasil. O conjunto de dados apresentado neste artigo, agrega as informações fragmentadas dos processos em um repositório no GitHub e apresenta um fluxo automatizado para obtenção de novas revistas, utilizando GitHub Actions com o objetivo de manter os dados atualizados e relevantes.
SPSafe: um dataset sobre dados de criminalidade no estado de São Paulo
Authors: Bernardes Freitas Juliana , Clarindo João Paulo , Aguiar Cristina D.
Published: September 2023

A segurança pública tem enfrentado uma série de desafios com o aumento da criminalidade nos últimos anos. Com isso, a Secretaria de Segurança Pública do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, disponibiliza dados relativos aos boletins de ocorrências, que podem ser utilizados para análise por parte de gestores e pesquisadores. Entretanto, esses dados apresentam diversos problemas relacionados à padronização, consistência e heterogeneidade, dificultando o seu uso e integração com outras bases. Visando auxiliar gestores e pesquisadores na área de segurança pública, este artigo introduz SPSafe, um dataset padronizado de boletins de ocorrência registrados entre o ano de 2003 e 2022 no estado de São Paulo. SPSafe agrega aspectos de qualidade aos dados, como a eliminação de inconsistências e a disponibilização em formatos abertos.
BRBus - construindo um dataset para monitoramento geoespacial dos ônibus de cidades brasileiras
Authors: Melo Ruan T. , Vasconcelos Felipe F. , Silva Rafael Luciano L. , Santos Pedro Victor , Ramos Vinicius T. , Coutinho Fabio J.
Published: September 2023

No Brasil, segundo dados da ANTP, em cidades com mais de 60 mil habitantes, 85% das viagens realizadas por transporte público ocorrem utilizando ônibus. Considerando o problema da Mobilidade Urbana, dados geospaciais produzidos por diferentes dispositivos (e.g. ônibus, carros pessoais, semáforos, radares) oferecem um grande potencial analítico, sendo relevante para a tomada de decisões que impactam a qualidade de vida em cidades inteligentes. Neste trabalho, descrevemos o processo de coleta, padronização e enriquecimento do BRBus -- um dataset com informações do monitoramento geoespacial do tráfego de ônibus de quatro cidades brasileiras. BRBus está disponível em formato aberto e abrange dados coletados entre 12/06/2023 e 20/06/2023.
ImageFactCk.BR: Repositório de Imagens para a Detecção de Desinformação Disseminada em Plataformas Digitais
Authors: Santos Yago , Silva Michel M. , C. S. Reis Julio
Published: September 2023

Com o surgimento das mídias sociais e dos aplicativos de mensagens instantâneas, a disseminação de informação textual por meio de imagens se popularizou bastante. Comitantemente, este tipo de mídia tem sido bastante explorado para a disseminação de desinformação. Imagens com conteúdo textual possuem diversas características peculiares que trazem inúmeros desafios para ferramentas focadas na identificação, contenção e moderação deste tipo de conteúdo. Diante deste cenário, neste trabalho, apresentamos o ImageFactCk.BR, um repositório de dados que contém 12.209 imagens sintéticas, geradas a partir características comumente encontradas em plataformas digitais, e que contém desinformação escrita no idioma Português verificada por agências de checagem de fatos brasileiras. Esperamos que ele possa ser útil para estudos em diferentes contextos em torno do fenômeno da desinformação em plataformas digitais.
Corneal Imaging Techniques for Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Mattes Robby , Huertas-Bello Marcela , L. Sabater Alfonso
Published: September 2023

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular disorder affecting millions worldwide. It is characterized by reduced tear production and/or increased tear evaporation, leading to ocular discomfort and impaired vision. Corneal imaging techniques are valuable tools for diagnosing and monitoring DED, as they can provide objective and quantitative information on the structure and function of the ocular surface and the tear film. This chapter will review the principles and applications of various corneal imaging techniques for DED, such as Slit-Lamp Biomicroscopy, Fluorescein CorneoGraphy, In Vivo Confocal Microscopy, Optical Coherence Tomography, Lipid Layer Interferometry, Topography, and Fluorophotometry. The advantages and limitations of each technique are discussed, as well as their potential role in future research and clinical practice, such as monitoring treatment efficacy and guiding personalized treatment approaches.
Neurotransmitters of Autonomic Nervous System
Authors: Balaban Zeynep , Kurt Gokhan
Published: September 2023

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates the physiologic process in the body and has essential role in the systems such as blood pressure regulation, respiration, heart rate, and sexual arousal. ANS is divided into the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system and regulates whole organism functions in the body. Although the main neurotransmitters in the ANS are norephinephrine, epinephrine, and acetilcholine, many other different agents and chemicals play an important role of the neurotransmitters function. These molecules act on many different receptors and sides. This chapter provides a detailed evaluation of neurotransmitters, related molecules, their receptors and how they function to maintain autonomic functions in both the central and peripheral parts of the systems.
Combined Exercise and Vitamin D on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Authors: Hoseini Rastegar , Hoseini Zahra , Bahmani Elahe
Published: September 2023

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a highly conserved neurotrophic protein of the nerve growth factor family. Neurotrophins are proteins that help to stimulate and control neurogenesis, BDNF being the most active one. BDNF may be useful in the prevention and management of several diseases including Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Diabetes. Lifestyle modifications (physical activity and diet) are among the most promising strategies for altering BDNF levels. In this chapter, we aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic and resistance training and combined exercise and vitamin D therapy on BDNF levels.
Laser-Matter Interaction in the Bulk of Semiconductor and Dielectric
Authors: Liu Hong , Ma Chunlan
Published: September 2023

The research in the field of laser-induced materials processing is evolving continuously with new inventions in laser technology. This chapter mainly discusses the relevant physical mechanisms of laser ablation based on laser-matter interaction. Femtosecond laser excitation provides suitable conditions for studying the basic processes in irradiated materials, as compared to the duration of these processes, femtosecond laser pulses are sufficiently short. In the process of laser action on the matter, the thermal mechanism, charge carrier removal, thermal and structural effects, and other processes are extremely complex. The ultrashort laser pulse instantly puts the material in a strong nonequilibrium state characterized by hot electrons and cold ions. After the pulse ends, the electron transfers its energy to the ion through electron phonon coupling in sub-picoseconds. This heats up the phonon bath before the slow thermal effect can reconstruct the material. The electron effect plays an important and possibly dominant role in the laser ablation of nonmetallic solid surfaces. This review first describes the mechanism of laser-matter interaction from the perspective of energy, summarizes the electronic excitation and energy relaxation paths of light on semiconductors and dielectric materials, focuses on the electronic excitation and relaxation mechanisms in laser-induced ionization, desorption, and ablation, and finally analyzes the above-mentioned related processes from the perspective of material structure relaxation.
Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis Associated with Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Świerczyńska Marta , Tronina Agnieszka , Mrukwa-Kominek Ewa
Published: September 2023

Peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) is a destructive inflammatory disease of the juxtalimbal cornea associated with crescent-shaped corneal stromal thinning, epithelial defect, and inflammatory corneal infiltrate. Inflammation of other adjacent tissues, particularly the sclera, is seen quite frequently. Predilection of the peripheral cornea for PUK is explained by its anatomical and physiological characteristics. Both cell-mediated and humoral immunity, in conjunction with the corneal tissue-destroying action of metalloproteinases (MMPs), are implicated in the pathogenesis of PUK. Nearly half of all cases of noninfectious PUK are associated with connective tissue diseases (rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most frequent underlying disease) and vasculitis (mostly granulomatous with polyangiitis (GPA)). It is important to determine the etiology and exclude conditions that could mimic PUK e.g., marginal keratitis or Terrien’s marginal degeneration (TMD). Therapy should comprise the attenuation of ophthalmic inflammation, but the underlying disease should be treated as a priority. For autoimmune diseases, it is crucial to work closely with internist/rheumatologist to determine an effective immunomodulatory therapeutic approach. PUK is also known to be a potentially devastating and vision-threatening condition that may lead to corneal melting and perforation, requiring surgical intervention. This chapter provides a comprehensive update of current knowledge and therapeutic methods.
Intramedullary Fixation of Midshaft Clavicle Fractures
Authors: D. Richardson Martin , M. Richardson Louise
Published: September 2023

Midshaft clavicle fractures are a common orthopaedic upper limb injury in young athletes and in trauma. While non-operative care has traditionally been the preferred therapeutic approach, surgical intervention is becoming more popular, to improve patient outcomes and speed the return to function. Intramedullary screw fixation has developed as a successful surgical treatment for midshaft clavicle fractures, in recent years, giving greater stability and encouraging early mobilisation. This chapter provides an overview of the efficacy, complications, and clinical outcomes of intra-medullary screw treatment for midshaft clavicle fractures. According to current research, intra-medullary screw fixation has various advantages over standard non-operative therapy, including increased fracture stability, lower non-union rates, and improved functional outcomes. Complications from this procedure, such as implant migration or discomfort, are often minor and controllable. However, careful patient selection, preoperative preparation, and surgical expertise are required to achieve the best results.
In Vitro Assessment of Antioxidant Capacity, Potential to Induce Autophagy/Mitophagy, and Mitochondrial Turnover of Natural Compounds for Cytotoxicity Studies
Authors: Tripathi Madhulika , Kumar Verma Manish , Kumar Singh Brijesh
Published: September 2023

The dynamic process of intracellular reduction-oxidation status (redox homeostasis) is influenced by various factors, with mitochondria being one of the most significant contributors. Mitochondria play a crucial role in the bioenergetic pathway, fulfilling the metabolic energy demands of cells. To maintain increased energy requirements, mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion are employed, while decreased energy demands or damaged mitochondria are addressed through fission and autophagic removal, known as mitophagy. Any disruption in these adaptive responses can compromise redox homeostasis and cellular function, and make cells more vulnerable to oxidative stress, resulting in oxidative DNA damage, inflammatory responses, and apoptotic/anti-apoptotic reactions. Such dysregulation contributes to the development of “free radical diseases” like metabolic disorders and cancer. Traditional medicines and herbs (possessing antioxidant and autophagic properties) have been utilized for centuries in the treatment of various diseases; however, it is only recently that researchers have begun to investigate their molecular, cellular, and tissue-level modes of action. Nevertheless, concerns about their cytotoxicity have also arisen. This manuscript focuses on the current technological advancements in assessing the properties of plant-based natural compounds. Both cell-free and cell-based methods are employed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of these compounds, allowing for their scientific evaluation and validation.
Accelerating Breeding for Drought Tolerance in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor): An Integrated Approach
Authors: Charles Aru John , Adikini Scovia , Omaria Sam , Okiasi Francis , Esuma William , Kakeeto Ronald , Kasule Faiso Moses , Adrogu Ugen Michael , Manyaza Eric
Published: September 2023

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is the main food crop for people living in marginal areas. They are faced with a number of production challenges including; drought, insect pests, diseases, soil fertility and striga weeds. To adapt to current and future stresses, there is a dire need to develop tolerant cultivars using multistress lines and varieties from wide genetic backgrounds. Toward better integrated approaches; we conducted participatory field screening in hot spot locations for drought, striga weed and major leaf spot fungal diseases on the 20 lines making mini-core sorghum germplasm. Lines carrying key traits of resistance to stresses have been recycled into the breeding program. The study also identified biochemical traits that could potentially be used as surrogate traits for the selection of tolerant genetic resources with improved yields. Nuclear male fertile crosses have been derived for exploiting differences in the cytoplasm for enhancing resistance. It also integrated variability in phytochemicals and cytoplasmic resistance to develop multi-parent sorghum lines and populations possessing potentially favorable adaptive alleles. In conclusion; unique traits and breeding strategies for sorghum adapted to the dry lowlands have been identified to lay a foundation for a modernized and market-oriented sorghum breeding program to the advantage.
Deep Neural Networks and Applications in Medical Research
Authors: Abut Serdar , Okut Hayrettin , Zackula Rosey , James Kallail Ken
Published: September 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has played a significant role in improving decision-making within the healthcare system. AI includes machine learning, which encompasses a subset called artificial neural networks (ANNs). These networks mimic how biological neurons in the brain signal one another. In this chapter, we conduct a seminal review of ANNs and explain how prediction and classification tasks can be conducted in the field of medicine. Basic information is provided showing how neural networks solve the problem of determining disease subsets by analyzing huge amounts of structured and unstructured patient data. We also provide information on the application of conventional ANNs and deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) that are specific to medical image processing. For example, DCNNs can be used to detect the edges of an item within an image. The acquired knowledge can then be transferred so that similar edges can be identified on another image. This chapter is unique; it is specifically aimed at medical professionals who are interested in artificial intelligence. Because we will demonstrate the application in a straightforward manner, researchers from other technical fields will also benefit.
Challenges of the Intraocular Pressure Measurements in the Keratitis
Authors: Yuksel Elgin Cansu
Published: September 2023

The maintenance of the aqueous humor circulation is vital for nourishing the anterior segment structures and maintaining the shape of the eyeball. Imbalances in the production and drainage of aqueous humor are well-known occurrences during inflammatory processes in the anterior chamber, with keratitis being a major contributor. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a common complication during active microbial keratitis. However, even under normal conditions, corneal biomechanical properties, thickness, and curvature can complicate the accuracy of IOP measurements. Ongoing research is exploring the relationship between corneal characteristics and IOP. Corneal conditions related to keratitis, such as band-keratopathy, corneal edema, astigmatism, and corneal ectatic disorders, pose significant challenges for managing high-pressure-related complications. Different IOP measurement techniques may be preferable in various corneal prominent conditions. Regular IOP checks are necessary to avoid possible optic nerve damage during keratitis treatment. It is crucial to select the appropriate measurement technique and consider potential over- and underestimations of IOP due to corneal disorders.
Dynamic Limnology between Movements and Management
Authors: Bernier Maximilien
Published: September 2023

The subject matter of this chapter revolves around the intersection of hydrodynamics in French lakes with the economic development of their respective territories. The aim is to understand the interactions between the dynamics of these lakes and territorial actors operating within these limnic areas. Each party is subjected to different management approaches, yet none of them take advantage of lake movements. These management strategies are organized based on the specific limnological mechanisms of each lake, including their temporal and spatial characteristics, as well as the risks they pose to human activities integrated into these lake ecosystems. This chapter will specifically focus on unused water and sediment movements as means to interact with local management practices. These phenomena serve as a foundation upon which all actors surrounding these lakes can rely to guide the protective measures implemented for their activities. This chapter aims to provide scientific insights to support decision-making for the actors operating in proximity to these lakes.
Using Mobile Phone to Assist DHH Individuals
Authors: Huang Ming-Han , Wang Hsuan-Min , Sun Chuen-Tsai
Published: September 2023

Past research on sign language recognition has mostly been based on physical information obtained via wearable devices or depth cameras. However, both types of devices are costly and inconvenient to carry, making it difficult to gain widespread acceptance by potential users. This research aims to use sophisticated and recently developed deep learning technology to build a recognition model for a Taiwanese version of sign language, with a limited focus on RGB images for training and recognition. It is hoped that this research, which makes use of lightweight devices such as mobile phones and webcams, will make a significant contribution to the communication needs of deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) individuals.
Integrated Effect of the Payment for Forest Environmental Services (PFES) in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Duc Vien , Cao Truong Son , Nguyen Thanh Lam , Dinh Thi Hai Van , Le Thi Thu Huong , Casse Thorkil
Published: September 2023

Payment for forest environmental services (PFES) has become an effective management tool for forest resources in the world, especially in developing countries such as Vietnam. The Vietnamese PFES policy has been institutionalized and implemented since 2010, contributing to forest protection and improving the livelihoods of people who depend on forests. In this chapter, the PFES policy was analyzed, followed by the evaluation of the effectiveness of a PFES program applied in the Ba Be district, Bac Kan province, Vietnam in three aspects: environment, economy, and society. Finally, we synthesize the combined effectiveness of the PFES program in Vietnam and offer solutions to improve and promote the PFES policy in Vietnam and developing countries around the world.
Organizational Culture Change and Technology: Navigating the Digital Transformation
Authors: Bozkus Kivanc
Published: September 2023

The chapter investigates the critical relationship between technology and organizational culture change. It presents a framework that elucidates the interplay between technological adoption and the ensuing cultural shifts within organizations. The author delves into the various stages of the digital transformation process, examining the challenges and opportunities that organizations encounter as they integrate new technologies. By drawing on real-world examples and case studies, the chapter underscores the pivotal role that organizational leaders play in guiding their teams through these transitions, fostering a culture of adaptability, and promoting a growth mindset. The chapter also explores the importance of addressing the human element in digital transformation efforts, emphasizing the need to effectively manage change, overcome resistance, and bridge skill gaps to ensure a successful transition. Furthermore, the author discusses the ethical implications of adopting new technologies, advocating for a responsible and people-centric approach to innovation. In conclusion, the chapter offers a forward-looking perspective on the future of organizational culture in the digital era, anticipating emerging trends and novel technologies that will continue to shape the way organizations function. This informative chapter provides a valuable resource for understanding and navigating the complex interplay between organizational culture change and technology.
Revisions for Complications of Aesthetic Breast Surgery
Authors: Cuzalina Angelo , G. Tolomeo Pasquale , A. Mañón Victoria
Published: September 2023

Breast surgery continues to be one of the most sought-after cosmetic procedures in recent years. Patients are opting to undergo various procedures to enhance the aesthetics and appearance of their breasts. The goal of any cosmetic procedure is to compliment one’s body and achieve satisfactory results. However, some patients may experience complications or become dissatisfied with the final result. These complications include breast asymmetry, implant malposition, implant deflation, rippling, and capsular contracture. Aesthetic breast revision is a highly specialized procedure that requires an experienced surgeon, aiming to address the patient’s concerns as well as achieve a more desirable outcome.
Mathematical Modeling and Applied Calculation of Bioconveyer and Anaerobic Biofiltration
Authors: Poliakov Vadym
Published: September 2023

Deep wastewater treatment is carried out by a bioconveyer technology and a direct-flow system of multistage biological treatment (DSMBT). To reduce excess biomass and energy costs, the first bioreactors (sections) of the DSMBT provide for partial removal of soluble organics in the absence of oxygen, the rest are intended for aerobic water treatment. Development of a method for engineering calculation of anaerobic biofiltration as applied to the first sections of DSMBT is the main aim of the study. Anaerobic substrate utilization is modeled at two levels using two stage biokinetics. The behavior of the substrate and its derivatives within a representative biofilm are analyzed, taking into account surface and molecular diffusion, limitation of the rates of the substrate and acid biodegradation, coexistence of two communities of microorganisms. The behavior of the original and newly formed organic substrates in the volume of a representative section is studied by analytical methods. A theoretical base and an engineering method for calculating anaerobic biofiltration are developed and illustrated, which can serve as the basis for applied optimization of the parameters of bioconveyer plants. It is justified to use the derived calculation dependencies for similar complex biological treatment plants with any filtering material.
Undifferentiated and Differentiated Spermatogonial Stem Cells
Authors: Hashemi Karoii Danial , Azizi Hossein
Published: September 2023

Spermatogenesis is initiated and sustained by a rare population of singular spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). These SSCs are connected to the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules and possess distinctive morphological characteristics. They serve as a vital foundation for a robust stem cell system within the testis, crucial for spermatogenesis and reproductive processes. The isolation and cultivation of human SSCs would significantly enhance our understanding of germ and stem cell biology in humans. Although a challenging endeavor, the recent advancements in enriching and propagating spermatogonia carrying the male genome offer a significant stride toward future transplantation and the restoration of fertility in clinical settings.
Meshes in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: The Science and Technology
Authors: Louise Hopwood Emily , Xiao Yan Tan Annabelle , Jane Tsang-Wright Fiona
Published: September 2023

Breast reconstruction is a common choice post mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer. Reconstructive options currently include implant-based and autologous reconstruction, with adjunctive use of surgical meshes. Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) of both human and animal origin, and synthetic meshes are well-established for use in implant reconstruction. With ADMs, there is reduced risk of capsular contracture, providing a strong scaffold for prosthetic-based immediate reconstruction. Reduced seroma formation and infection has been demonstrated with synthetic mesh, thus both techniques proving advantageous. Use of mesh in implant-based reconstruction is a quickly evolving field, with hybrid meshes, 3D printed meshes and antibiotic-loaded meshes being investigated within the current literature. Whilst these surgical techniques are relatively new, they provide a new approach to many of the ethical issues currently surrounding use of surgical mesh.
Pyolaryngocele Presenting with Acute-onset Stridor
Authors: Sabat Shyam , Gonzalez Luis , Agarwal Amit
Published: September 2023

Case presentation: This case describes the classic imaging ﬁndings of pyolaryngocele and highlights the importance of prompt imaging for diagnosis of clinically occult airway lesions. The case also highlights how pyolaryngoceles can become large and present with acute-onset clinical symptoms, including stridor and dyspnea.Discussion: Pyolaryngoceles represent an uncommon but life-threatening complication of laryngoceles. Laryngoceles are frequently seen as an incidental, abnormal, air-ﬁlled dilation of the laryngeal saccule related to various local pathologies of the larynx. They are often asymptomatic. Occasionally they can become secondarily infected, in which case they are called pyolaryngocele, and they can cause rapid-onset, life-threatening airway compromise.