bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Annual and Perennial Peanut Mixed with ‘Pensacola’ Bahiagrass in North Florida
Authors: Jaramillo David M. , Dubeux José C. B. , Mackowiak Cheryl , Sollenberger Lynn E. , DiLorenzo Nicolas , Rowland Diane L. , Blount Ann R. S. , Santos Erick R. S. , Garcia Liza , Ruiz‐Moreno Martin
Published: January 2018

Fertilization of perennial grass pastures is a major expense in beef cattle operations, and grass pastures may degrade in the absence of N fertilization. Grass–legume mixtures can reduce the demand for N fertilizer use while increasing productivity of the system. Arachis spp. have shown potential for use in association with grasses in the southeastern United States. During 2014, 2015, and 2016, we evaluated one annual peanut species (Arachis hypogaea L. TUFRunner ‘727’) and two perennial peanut species, pintoi peanut (A. pintoi Krap. & W.C. Greg ‘Amarillo’) and rhizoma peanut (A. glabrata Benth. ‘Florigraze’ and germplasm Ecoturf), when planted into previously established ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) sod. Responses measured included herbage accumulation (HA), botanical composition, nutritive value, biological N2 fixation, and belowground root‐rhizome responses. TUFRunner 727 showed reseeding ability, illustrating potential for use as a short‐term forage, but by 2016, its contribution was negligible. In 2016, Ecoturf–bahiagrass had greater HA than unfertilized bahiagrass (4160 and 2710 kg ha−1, respectively), and the Ecoturf contribution to HA was ∼30% in 2016. Average N concentrations for Ecoturf and Florigraze were 25 and 22 g kg−1, respectively, and in vitro digestible organic matter concentration was 700 g kg−1 for both. Pintoi peanut contributed little to mixture HA in the first 2 yr, but it persisted and increased in proportion with time. Over the course of 3 yr, Ecoturf rhizoma peanut performed better than all other entries, exhibiting increasing participation in mixtures each year and the greatest total HA in 2016.
Can Saltwater Intrusion Accelerate Nutrient Export from Freshwater Wetland Soils? An Experimental Approach
Authors: Steinmuller Havalend E. , Chambers Lisa G.
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas

Ammonium that accumulated in the porewater following an influx of seawater took ∼1 wk to flux into the surrounding water.

Soluble reactive P concentrations in both the porewater and surrounding water increased with salinity.

Nutrient export was influenced by wetland soil type.

Saltwater intrusion could catalyze the rapid export of nutrients from freshwater wetland soils into the coastal zone, especially in organic matter‐rich soils.

Coastal wetlands are vulnerable to saltwater intrusion, which may alter soil biogeochemical processes, lead to the export of nutrients into the coastal zone, and contribute to eutrophication. Using intact soil cores from three different freshwater wetlands and subjecting them to control (0), 5, or 15 parts per thousand (ppt) seawater treatments, we investigated how different wetland soils (bayhead swamp, cypress dome, and mineral marsh) and salinities alter the export of soil nutrients [soluble reactive P (SRP), NH4+, and dissolved organic C (DOC)], as well as microbial biomass C and greenhouse gas emissions. The highest salinity treatment increased CO2 production by 30% with no change in methane production. Porewater NH4+ concentrations averaged 8× higher than the control in the 15‐ppt treatment and 5× greater than the control in the 5‐ppt treatment, with a ∼1‐wk lag period between porewater accumulation of NH4+ and export into the surrounding water. The magnitude of NH4+ export was mediated by wetland soil type. Soluble reactive P concentrations averaged 8× and 3.5× higher in the cypress dome and bayhead swamp 15‐ppt treatments respectively than in their controls, though no effect was observed within the mineral marsh. Dissolved organic C concentrations differed by wetland soil type but were unaffected by salinity treatment. This study demonstrates that saltwater intrusion could catalyze the rapid export of nutrients from freshwater wetland soils into the coastal zone, though nutrient export varies by wetland soil type.
Pb(II) and Cu(II) Adsorption and Desorption Kinetics on Ferrihydrite with Different Morphologies
Authors: Tian Lei , Liang Yuzhen , Lu Yang , Peng Lanfang , Wu Pingxiao , Shi Zhenqing
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas

Gellike and dense ferrihydrite had different structures and Pb/Cu distributions.

Ferrihydrite morphology and solution chemistry affected sorption and desorption kinetics.

The kinetics model successfully described the stirred‐flow kinetic data of Pb and Cu.

Different binding sites controlled adsorption and desorption kinetics differently.

Understanding the effect of ferrihydrite morphology on the kinetic reactions of metals with ferrihydrite is essential for predicting the dynamic behavior of metals in soil. In this study, kinetics of Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption and desorption on two types of ferrihydrite, the freshly precipitated gellike ferrihydrite and freeze‐dried dense ferrihydrite representing two typical morphologies under extreme soil conditions, were studied. The high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the gellike ferrihydrite loosely aggregated with open structure, while the dense ferrihydrite compactly aggregated with more consolidated and thicker structure. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), at the nanometer scale, showed that Pb(II) and Cu(II) distributed evenly on gellike ferrihydrite but localized on dense ferrihydrite after adsorption. The stirred‐flow kinetic experiments showed that higher pH and higher influent metal concentrations increased metal adsorption for both types of ferrihydrite. The dense ferrihydrite adsorbed slower and much less metals than gellike ferrihydrite because of less reactive sites. The desorption of heavy metals from ferrihydrite was affected by combined factors of the ferrihydrite morphology, adsorbed metal concentrations, pH, and metal re‐adsorption rates. The mechanic kinetics model based on the CD‐MUSIC model successfully described the adsorption and desorption kinetics of Pb(II) and Cu(II) on both gellike and dense ferrihydrite under various chemistry conditions. Our model provided quantitative tools for considering the effects of ferrihydrite morphology and heterogeneous binding sites under varying solution chemistry conditions when predicting the dynamic behavior of Pb(II) and Cu(II) in soil environment.
Nitrogen Mineralization in Chernozemic Soils Amended with Manure from Cattle Fed Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles
Authors: Agomoh Ikechukwu , Zvomuya Francis , Hao Xiying , Akinremi Olalekan O. , McAllister Tim A.
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas

Manure from distillers grains with bedding from construction waste had reduced N mineralization.

Addition of construction waste to manure from distillers grains diet reduced the Q10 of N mineralization.

Nitrogen mineralization was greater at the higher temperature (25°C) than at 15°C.

Inclusion of dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) in cattle diets, coupled with the increasing use of construction and demolition waste (CDW), particularly the wood and drywall fractions as bedding in beef cattle feedlots, may affect nitrogen (N) dynamics when the resulting manure is applied to soil. This laboratory incubation study was conducted to evaluate the mineralization of N in contrasting Chernozemic soils amended with regular manure (RM) from cattle fed a grain‐based diet versus manure from cattle fed a diet containing DDGS (DGM). The effect of adding CDW to DGM (DGMCDW) was also assessed. The soils (a Black Chernozem and a Brown Chernozem) were amended with manure (40 g kg soil–1, dry wt.) and incubated at 15 and 25°C. Nitrogen mineralization in the manure‐amended Brown Chernozem exhibited negative net mineralization. In the Black Chernozem, the first‐order mineralization rate constant varied among manure treatments and decreased in the order DGMCDW > DGM > RM. The rate constants were not significantly affected by temperature, but the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of N mineralization was significantly greater for RM (1.0) and DGM (1.3) than DGMCDW (0.3). The percentages of total organic N mineralized from RM and DGM were greater than that for DGMCDW, with RM producing the greatest mineralization. This suggests that adding CDW to manure will affect N dynamics by lowering the amount of N mineralized, which may necessitate either applying higher manure rates (and risking excess phosphorus build‐up) or supplementing with inorganic fertilizers to minimize N deficiency in receiving crops.
In the shadow of the city: financing water infrastructure in small towns in Burkina Faso
Authors: Humphreys Elena , Schwartz Klaas
Published: January 2018

The abundant praise awarded for the development of the urban water services sector in Burkina Faso stands in stark contrast with the development of the rural water services sector. This article examines the funding of water infrastructure in four small villages in Burkina Faso. The article finds that public funding for water infrastructure for these municipalities is largely nonexistent. First of all, central government makes very little funding available for rural areas. Funding that is made available is then also prioritized for regions that already are relatively well covered. Secondly, the municipalities themselves also prioritize other sectors over the water sector for the investment of locally generated revenue. As a result, these municipalities rely on donor funding for developing water supply in their villages. This dependence not only leaves these municipalities vulnerable to shifts in donor funding but can also lead to inequalities as some municipalities are better at attracting donor funds than others. Some small towns are thus confronted with a double bias. First an urban bias in which the majority of public finance goes to urban centres. Second, by a donor-bias in which some towns are favoured for project implementation due to favourable site characteristics.
Structural characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in membrane bioreactor and their adsorptive fouling
Authors: Su Xinying , Zhang Zhigang
Published: January 2018

The soluble (S), loosely bound (LB) and tightly bound (TB) extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were extracted from sludge flocs of a membrane bioreactor to evaluate their characteristics and adsorptive fouling. The degrees of adsorptive fouling by the EPS fractions were in the order S-EPS < TB-EPS < LB-EPS. The images of atomic force microscopy showed the membrane fouled by LB-EPS was rougher than that fouled by the other fractions. The adsorbed EPS layer, which was sensed by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, was found to be more rigid and compact for LB-EPS, compared with the other EPS fractions. The excitation–emission matrix and Fourier transform infrared techniques were also used to characterize the individual EPS fractions. Compared with S-EPS and TB-EPS, the LB-EPS contained a larger amount of aromatic protein and less carbohydrates and lipids, exhibiting characteristics of greater aromaticity and hydrophobicity. These characteristics should be responsible for more severe fouling, and the stiffer and more compact structure of the adsorbed layer.
Optimization of the synthesis and operational parameters for NOM removal with response surface methodology during nano-composite membrane filtration
Authors: Yousefi Nader , Nabizadeh Ramin , Nasseri Simin , Khoobi Mehdi , Nazmara Shahrokh , Mahvi Amir Hossein
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate membrane synthesis by interfacial polymerization methods, the application of synthesized nano-composite membrane for natural organic matters (NOMs) removal from water, evaluation of fouling mechanism and antifouling properties. Polysulfone (PSf) was selected as a porous ultrafiltration membrane support and interfacial polymerization was done using tannic acid (TA) and Trimesoyl chloride (TMC) with central composite design (CCD). The effects of TA and TMC monomer concentrations, reaction time and post treatment temperature was evaluated. The synthesized membrane was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and water contact angle. Based on the results, the optimum conditions for synthesizing nano-composite were: TA concentration of 0.27 g/L, TMC concentration of 0.22 g/L, reaction time of 68.29 min and temperature of 25.23 °C. The predicted optimum operational conditions were a NOM concentration of 6.429 mg/L; time of 10.931 min and applied pressure of 1.039 bar. The potential applications of the synthesized nano-composite membranes with interfacial polymerization can enhance water treatment.
EL MONASTERIO DE SANTA MARTA. PROCESO DE RESTAURACIÓN Y CONSERVACIÓN DE LA PORTADA DE LA IGLESIA CONVENTUAL DE LA ORDEN DE CLAUSURA DE LAS HERMANAS JERÓNIMAS EN CÓRDOBA, ESPAÑA
Authors: Wis Molino Noema
Published: January 2018

En los albores del siglo XII, se producía en los Reinos de España la caída del Imperio musulmán y la toma de Córdoba. El proceso de Reconquista comenzó en el suroeste de Andalucía, por la provincia de Jaén, y continuó hacia la ciudad más importante de los territorios del Al Ándalus, Córdoba. Se inició una nueva etapa en la historia y el arte, influenciada por las corrientes del Reino de Castilla, ya bajo la dominación de los reyes cristianos. Durante esta nueva etapa surgieron en la ciudad nuevas tipologías arquitec- tónicas con finalidad religiosa, los palacios-conventos. Uno de los más importantes es el convento de Santa Marta y su iglesia, un hito en la arquitectura de finales del gótico, gracias a la familia de canteros y escultores que llegados desde Burgos ejecutaron para la capital este monumento. La portada principal de la iglesia fue esculpida y proyectada en 1511 por Hernán Ruiz I, maestro mayor de la catedral (anti- gua mezquita del califato cordobés). Este frontal es el objetivo de la investigación y de los trabajos de restauración, que pusieron en valor este conjunto arquitectónico de la Córdoba del siglo XVI.
ARQUITECTURA CHANCAY, ESPACIOS RITUALES DEL TIEMPO SAGRADO
Authors: Del Águila Ríos Inés
Published: January 2018

Sin duda se trata de un texto patrimonialista, que introduce al lector al conocimiento del mundo chancay, generando a lo largo del proceso compromisos afectivos por su defensa y conservación mediante una estructura textual –expresiones culturales, cronología, contextos funerarios, asentamientos y arquitectura– que pone en valor dicha cultura, y una abundante y multidisciplinaria información bibliográfica. ...
A Church-Based Weight Loss Intervention in African American Adults using Text Messages (LEAN Study): Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Newton Jr Robert L , Carter Leah A , Johnson William , Zhang Dachuan , Larrivee Sandra , Kennedy Betty M , Harris Melissa , Hsia Daniel S
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

African American adults experience a high prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities, including diabetes. Church-based interventions have been shown to be effective in decreasing weight in this population. mHealth interventions can address two needs for obesity treatment in this community, including enhancing weight loss and providing wide dissemination.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the feasibility and efficacy of a church-based weight loss intervention that incorporates mHealth technology.

METHODS

In this study, 8 churches (n=97) were randomly assigned to the intervention or delayed intervention condition (control group). We recruited participants through their respective church. Volunteer church members were trained by study staff to deliver the 10-session, 6-month intervention. Participants in the intervention group attended group sessions and received automated short message service (SMS) text messages designed to reinforce behavioral strategies. Conversely, participants in the delayed intervention condition received SMS text messages related to health conditions relevant for African American adults. We obtained measures of body composition, blood pressure, blood glucose, and cholesterol.

RESULTS

We successfully recruited 97 African American adults, with a mean age of 56.0 (SE 10.3) years and a mean body mass index of 38.6 (SE 6.4) kg/m2 (89/97, 91.8% females), who attended the churches that were randomized to the intervention (n=68) or control (n=29) condition. Of these, 74.2% (72/97) of the participants (47/68, 69.1% intervention; 25/29, 86.2% delayed intervention) completed the 6-month assessment. The average intervention group attendance was 55%. There was a significant difference in weight loss (P=.04) between participants in the intervention (–1.5 (SE 0.5) kg) and control (0.11 (SE 0.6) kg) groups. Among participants in the intervention group, the correlation between the number of SMS text messages sent and the percent body fat loss was r=.3 with P=.04. The participants reported high satisfaction with the automated SMS text messages.

CONCLUSIONS

Automated SMS text messages were well-received by participants, suggesting that more enhanced mHealth technologies are a viable option for interventions targeting African American adults.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02863887; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02863887 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/71JiYzizO)
Spatial Distribution of Partner-Seeking Men Who Have Sex With Men Using Geosocial Networking Apps: Epidemiologic Study (Preprint)
Authors: Algarin Angel B , Ward Patrick J , Christian W Jay , Rudolph Abby E , Holloway Ian W , Young April M
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

Geosocial networking apps have made sexual partner-seeking easier for men who have sex with men, raising both challenges and opportunities for human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted infection prevention and research. Most studies on men who have sex with men geosocial networking app use have been conducted in large urban areas, despite research indicating similar patterns of online- and app-based sex-seeking among men who have sex with men in rural and midsize cities.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of our research was to examine the spatial distribution of geosocial networking app usage and characterize areas with increasing numbers of partner-seeking men who have sex with men in a midsize city in the South.

METHODS

Data collection points (n=62) were spaced in 2-mile increments along 9 routes (112 miles) covering the county encompassing the city. At each point, staff logged into 3 different geosocial networking apps to record the number of geosocial networking app users within a 1-mile radius. Data were collected separately during weekday daytime (9:00 AM to 4:00 PM) and weekend nighttime (8:00 PM to 12:00 AM) hours. Empirical Bayesian kriging was used to create a raster estimating the number of app users throughout the county. Raster values were summarized for each of the county's 208 Census block groups and used as the outcome measure (ie, geosocial networking app usage). Negative binomial regression and Wilcoxon signed rank sum tests were used to examine Census block group variables (eg, median income, median age) associated with geosocial networking app usage and temporal differences in app usage, respectively.

RESULTS

The number of geosocial networking app users within a 1-mile radius of the data collection points ranged from 0 to 36 during weekday daytime hours and 0 to 39 during weekend nighttime hours. In adjusted analyses, Census block group median income and percent Hispanic ethnicity were negatively associated with geosocial networking app usage for all 3 geosocial networking apps during weekday daytime and weekend nighttime hours. Population density and the presence of businesses were positively associated with geosocial networking app usage for all 3 geosocial networking apps during both times.

CONCLUSIONS

In this midsize city, geosocial networking app usage was highest in areas that were more population-dense, were lower income, and had more businesses. This research is an example of how geosocial networking apps’ geospatial capabilities can be used to better understand patterns of virtual partner-seeking among men who have sex with men.
EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN E-PURCHASING OBAT PADA DINAS KESEHATAN KABUPATEN/KOTA DI JAWA TENGAH TAHUN 2015
Authors: Kusmini Kusmini , Satibi Satibi , Suryawati Sri
Published: January 2018

Metode pengadaan obat secara e-purchasing berdasarkan e-catalogue merupakan sistem pengadaan obat yang relatif baru di Indonesia. E-purchasing obat bertujuan untuk meningkatkan transparansi, efektifitas dan efisiensi proses pengadaan obat di era Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Dampak kendala e-purchasing obat banyak dirasakan  satuan kerja di bidang kesehatan, termasuk di Jawa Tengah. Penting untuk mengetahui hambatan yang terjadi pada pelaksanaan e-purchasingobat dan dampaknya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui permasalahan yang menjadi hambatan pada pelaksaaan e-purchasing obat dan dampaknya terhadap ketersediaan obat dan efisiensi biaya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional studi kasus yang bersifat deskriptif analitis. Data yang digunakan berupa data retrospektif dan prospektif. Data retrospektif tahun 2015 meliputi data rencana e-purchasing, realisasi e-purchasing, hambatan e-purchasing, realisasi none-purchasing dan ketersediaan obat. Data prospektif meliputi pendalaman terkait hambatan pelaksanaan e-purchasing obat. Penelitian dilakukan pada 35 dinas kesehatan kabupaten/kota (DKK) di Jawa Tengah.Data kuantitatif diolah dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan data kualitatif dianalisis dengan content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 45,3% obat indikator diadakan melalui mekanismee-purchasingoleh 97,3% DKK.Realisasi obat yang tidak sesuai rencana sebesar 23,9%, yang menunjukkan adanya hambatan pelaksanaan e-purchasing. Hambatan terbesar adalah ketidakmampuan suplai oleh industri farmasi (IF) penyedia. Hambatan berdampak pada pengurangan ketersediaan obat dan efisiensi biaya obat. Pelaksanaan e-purchasingyang berjalan lancar akan menyumbangkan potensi penghematan biaya obat sebesar 19,1%. Kesimpulan, terdapat hambatan pelaksanaan e-purchasing obat. Hambatan terbesar adalah ketidakmampuan suplai oleh IF. Hambatan berdampak pada pengurangan ketersediaan obat dan efisiensi biaya obat. Terjadi potensi penghematan biaya obat pada pelaksanaan e-purchasing yang berjalan lancar.
Exploration and Analysis on the Historical Remains of Wooden Fence in Koguryo Mountain City
Authors: Zhang Han
Published: January 2018

The mountain city is the one that is built as a kind of fortifications in the mountains by Koguryo people. This kind of city is widely distributed in the region of China’s Liaoning Province, Jilin Province and the northern part of Korean peninsula.

Currently the Koguryo mountain cities seen in China are mostly stone-built and earth-built, and some are stone-and-earth mixed construction. This is because its regime’s early land is located in the mountains, and the use of stone is a native aboriginal tradition, but the later occupy is the plains, so the choice of building material became the earth according to local conditions.
Recently, the author has found that there are some remains of the wooden fence in some small mountain cities, whose defense system are built by contacting the stone with the wooden fence, during the survey on the mountain city in Liaoning Province. The wooden fence should be an important part of the fortifications of the Koguryo mountain cities, and the cave stone relics previously discovered should also be related to this.
CORRELATIVE ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE SPECIFIC OPERATION AND ARITHMETIC PROCESSING IN BILINGUALS’ BRAIN; AN OVERVIEW OF BEHAVIOURAL AND NEUROLOGICAL STUDIES
Authors: Abidasari Erlyna
Published: January 2018

This study talks about what aspects correlated between the language specific operation and arithmetic processing skills that occur in bilingual people’s brains. Some studies toward the behaviour and neurology’s aspects are discussed as well as their findings in order to answer the research questions of the study. The discussions reveal that both skills have a positive correlation and that both occur in the brain’s left hemisphere; however, the left hemisphere largely participates in automatic language specific operations and simple calculations, while the right hemisphere dominates advanced control processing operations in calculation (e.g. calculus, logarithm) and language information transfer. In addition, studies show that the bilinguals’ language dominance does not clearly determine the correlation between the language and arithmetic skills. Further, in order to retain better arithmetic concepts, comprehensive and simultaneous training should be conducted in both languages and in the early stage of language development, especially during bilinguals’ critical age of language learning.
AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ FREE WRITING
Authors: Phonna Rahmi
Published: January 2018

Writing contains a compound process to be expressed that entails the writer to pay more attention on linking appropriate words together. Most linguists agree that a writer should attain high level of understanding to pursue the lifelong learning of academic writing pedagogy. This study aimed to analyze the students’ free writing by identifying the category of mistakes that often appear on their writing assignment. 28 free writings were collected, as the main data, from 28 students as the samples for this study. They were then analyzed by using the guidelines of correction symbols from Hogue (1996) and Oshima & Hogue (1999). The results revealed that 11 categories of grammar that often applied incorrectly on the students’ free writing. The misused of verb-agreement (V/A) was the most frequent category occurred, followed by word form (Wf) and Spelling (Sp). The least category of errors identified on the students’ free writing was conjunction (Conj) and wrong word (Ww) categories. Overall, 175 errors from different grammatical conventions were repeated in the students’ free writing.
COHESION AND COHERENCE IN ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDENTS’ THESIS
Authors: Liyana Cut Irna
Published: January 2018

This study is entitled Cohesion and Coherence in English Education Students’ Thesis. The aim of this study is to describe the cohesion and coherence as wholeness aspect of discourse in English Education students’ thesis. This study is a qualitative research. The data sources in this study are the thesis of three students that were obtained by purposive sampling. Furthermore, analysis of the data was done by identifying and classifying the data that related to cohesion, based on the theory of Halliday and Hasan (1976), and related to coherence, based on the theory of Oshima and Hogue (1991). From analysis, it was found four things related to cohesion and coherence. First, the use of grammatical cohesion devices in thesis, which consists of reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction; and the use of lexical cohesion devices, which consists of reiteration and collocation, was used in thesis. Second, the violence of cohesion device was found in grammatical devices, such as reference and conjunctions. Third, the use of coherence devices, which consists of key nouns repetition, use of pronouns, transition signal, and logical order of chronology was found in students’ thesis. Fourth, the cause of the error coherence of thesis consists of keyword repetition errors, inconsistent pronouns, inappropriate transition signal, grammatical errors, and inappropriate punctuation.
EXPLORING INTERPERSONAL INTERACTION IN WRITTEN DISCOURSE
Authors: Risdaneva Risdaneva
Published: January 2018

The purpose of any discourses, either spoken or written ones, is to communicate the messages to the targeted audiences. Written discourse appears to be the most cau-tious piece of work since it is a product of a well-organised and long-term writing process. To achieve the communicative purpose, an author should interpersonally interact with the targeted readers. The interpersonal interaction can be realised through the use of modalisation to express certainty and uncertainty as well as the use of attitudinal evaluation to evaluate things, events, people, situations and etc. In this case, the analysis of some extracts which are produced as guidelines for the teachers suggest that the written texts are quite convincing and evaluative as well as successful in persuading the readers. This is typical to this genre of discourse as its ultimate goal is to win over the interest of the reader in using the product. In other word, the author tries to make the text convincing and persuasive in order to win over the teachers’ interest in using the textbook in their classrooms.
Exploring the Potential of Blended Learning and Learning Management Systems (LMSs) for Higher Education in Aceh
Authors: Zainuddin Zamzami
Published: January 2018

The paper aims to explore the potential of the blended learning approach for higher education in Aceh. This is a conceptual paper that attempts to provide the concepts and theories associated with implementing the blended learning approach on college-level students and lecturers. Blended Learning is a learning model that is enriched with traditional learning methods and online education materials. In a typical blended learning environment, students may learn contents outside of the class through websites or Learning Management Systems (LMSs), but engage in practical, hands-on activities during class hours. The author believes the blended learning is a potentially effective approach if implemented for higher education in Aceh, especially Banda Aceh, which has adequate internet access in numerous areas. Integrating the blended learning approach will enhance students’ self-paced learning in Aceh, and in turn improve their critical thinking and collaborative learning. This study also encourages lecturers in Aceh to implement the blended learning approach in their teaching and learning practices, as well as urges the use of various LMSs or Web 2.0 tools as online learning platforms. Finally, the practice of blended learning will support Universities in Aceh in transforming teaching and learning activities from being traditional, to becoming technology-based learning environments.
Language Development in Study Abroad (SA) Context and Relationship with Input and Interaction in SLA
Authors: Suryani Suryani
Published: January 2018

Language learning can occur anytime and anywhere (context). In term of context, language learning can take place whether at home context or at a study abroad context. This article presents the necessary background to existing literature and previous research about language development in various contexts, more specifically in a study abroad (SA) context. Language learners who are studying abroad can lead to language development from a number of perspectives. Research findings revealed that language development can take a variety of forms including grammar, vocabulary, fluency, communicative skill, etc. These research findings will be reviewed in order to have a clear understanding about this issue. Then, this article continues to give a brief explanation on the role of input and interaction in SLA with some views on it.
BENEFITS OF WEB-BASED OR ELECTRONIC PORTFOLIO ASSESSMENT IN ESL CLASSROOM
Authors: Zulfikar Zulfikar
Published: January 2018

The effective implementation and use of electronic portfolios in educational institutions confirm their value as an essential teaching and learning instrument. An electronic portfolio is a digital documentation or collection of artifacts (audio/video clips, text, visuals, and coursework) that represent its owner, whether it is an individual, group, or organization. Personal reflection on one’s work, achievement, or thoughts is a key component in many electronic portfolios. Some still question whether electronic portfolios are actually beneficial to the educational process. This piece of work overviews recent literature related to the use of electronic portfolios and examines the issues and challenges of effectively implementing and using electronic portfolios in educational institutions.
MANAGING DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR OF STUDENTS IN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM
Authors: Khasinah Siti
Published: January 2018

This article describes students’ disruptive behaviors in language classroom that may greatly affect language teaching and learning process, especially in ESL or EFL classes. Teachers should know what disruptive behavior is to enable them to deal with problems occurred in their classroom or to take preventive actions to keep their students well-behaved during the class. This can reduce the occurrence of misbehavior of students in their classroom. To prevent disruption in the classroom, teachers should establish behavioral expectations in the first day of the semester and the expectations can be based on students attendance, arrivals and departures, class participation, full English speaking, and other appropriate conducts in the syllabus and discuss them at the outset of the term. The agreement is then assigned as a learning contract or a code of conducts with which bounds the whole class. Consequently, whenever students are misbehaved, teachers and other students will directly know and recognize that the behaviors are out of the code. There are factors reasoning students to behave badly, so teachers as trouble solvers have to find appropriate strategies that are effective in helping students keep the code. Otherwise, the disruptions will escalate quickly and the problems will increase in numbers rapidly and finally, teachers will have to work very hard to avoid teaching failure and “losing face” when they cannot manage the disruption as listed in the expectation.
METAPHORS IN THE EX-GAM’S POLITICAL DISCOURSES DURING PRE-PUBLIC ELECTIONS IN ACEH
Authors: Usman Jarjani
Published: January 2018

The Free Aceh Movement, locally called Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM), developed several unique political discourses after having signed a peace accord with the Government of Indonesia (GoI) in Helsinki in 2005. The discourses created are metaphorical in Acehnese language, aimed to structure people’s mind and to be accepted and transformed into their actions that supported GAM during pre-public election post conflicts. However, research on analyzing the metaphors is scant. This research used Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980a, 1980b) conceptual metaphor and Fairclough’s framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to critically analyze the political discourses in order to unveil the meaning and their ideology position. The research shows the most commonly used metaphor was ELECTION IS A BATTLE. However, the currently used political metaphors are more persuasive, urging people to voluntarily come back to their political party, than previously used ones that seemed to strongly force people to be on their side.
AN ANALYSIS OF ACEHNESE EFL STUDENTS’ GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXTS
Authors: M. Isa Qudwatin Nisak , Risdaneva Risdaneva , Alfayed Affied
Published: January 2018

This study aims at finding empirical evidence of the most common types of grammatical errors and sources of errors in recount texts written by the first-year students of SMAS Babul Maghfirah, Aceh Besar. The subject of the study was a collection of students’ personal writing documents of recount texts about their lives experience. The students’ recount texts were analyzed by referring to Betty S. Azar classification and Richard’s theory on sources of errors. The findings showed that the total number of error is 436. Two frequent types of grammatical errors were Verb Tense and Word Choice. The major sources of error were Intralingual Error, Interference Error and Developmental Error respectively. Furthermore, the findings suggest that it is necessary for EFL teachers to apply appropriate techniques and strategies in teaching recount texts, which focus on past tense and language features of the text in order to reduce the possible errors to be made by the students.
THE MECHANISM FOR IMPROVING THE INTERNAL STATE CONTROL SYSTEM
Authors: Гварлиани Татьяна , Gvarliani Tat'yana , ТОМСКИХ Светлана , TOMSKIH Svetlana , Оборин Матвей , Oborin Matvey
Published: January 2018

The article analyzes the conceptual foundations of the current system of extenal and internal state control, the basic problems of its regulatory and its implementation in public organizations to unify methodological support of the system of internal state financial control.

The authors substantiate the necessity for improving mechanisms of the internal financial control system in connection with the introduction of new forms of public services financial provision, including changes to ensure budget organizations amounts of state jobs and government contracts as the main ways of budget allocation.

The authors consider basics of the current system of state (municipal) financial control, which includes two subsystems: external and internal financial control. The study is based on a systematic approach, logic synthesis, analysis and hypothesis. The authors determine the ways for improving normative and methodical regulation of the introduction and implementation of internal financial control in public sector organizations.
THEME PARKS IN THE DEVELOPMENT FACTORS SYSTEM OF THE TERRITORY’S POSITIVE IMAGE
Authors: КЛИНДУХ Роман , KLINDUH Roman
Published: January 2018

In modern world, also in Russia, tourism is dynamic, independent branch of the economy. The tourism expands the boundaries of commercial offers and deepens specialization. Landscape, environment and space are the foundation for the tourism development. The potential of Russia's tourism industry, as one of the most important factors of regional development, is still underestimated. Many of landscape and cultural features remain unnoticed and unused. The tourism development in small cities is very important, since they have a valuable historical and cultural heritage, they are an important source of improving the welfare of the country. This territory can be represented as a system that opens great opportunities for knowledge about the history, culture, customs, spiritual and religious values of small cities in Russia. The article is dedicated to the regional features of tourism development in small historical cities of Russia. Nowadays the government has a great deal of attention to the development of tourism in the Russian Federation, in particular, the article discusses the federal programs that are currently being implemented. Many small cities have historical status now. The modern development of tourism in small historical cities was promoted by an increase of people's interest in their historical heritage, their past. This type of tourism is especially important for the preservation of the individuality of the peoples of the Russian Federation, their involvement in the world civilization. Creation in 2007 of the Association of Small Tourist Cities confirms this. The peculiarity of each of the cities is the perfectly preserved appearance of their historical part with a lot of unique monuments of architecture, history and culture. Some monuments are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Topographies of the Obsolete
Authors: Arild Berge  , KMD
Published: January 2018

Topographies of the Obsolete is an artistic research project initiated by Professors Neil Brownsword and Anne Helen Mydland at Bergen Academy of Art and Design (KHiB) in collaboration with partner universities/institutions in Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, France and the UK. In 2012 the British Ceramics Biennial invited Bergen Academy of Art and Design (KHiB) to develop a site-specific artistic response to the former Spode Factory in Stoke-on-Trent as a key element of their 2013 exhibition programme. The project explores the landscape and associated histories of post-industry, with an initial emphasis on Stoke-on-Trent, a world-renowned ceramics capital that bears evidence of fluctuations in global fortunes.
Sytuacja społeczno-ekonomiczna podatnika a udział podatku PIT w płacy brutto w krajach OECD
Authors: Bischoff Anna
Published: January 2018

W opracowaniu przedstawiono analizę obciążenia podatkiem PIT podatników z krajów OECD, w zależności od ich sytuacji społeczno-ekonomicznej. Podatnicy zostali podzieleni na 7 grup społeczno-ekonomicznych. Każda z grup reprezentowała określony poziom dochodów, dodatkowym kryterium było posiadanie pod opieką dzieci lub ich brak. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone na podstawie danych udostępnionych przez OECD dla lat 2000–2013. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, iż ogólny poziom obciążenia podatkiem PIT spadał w latach 2000–2010, natomiast od roku 2011 do 2013 widoczny był wzrost zarówno poziomu opodatkowania, jak i liczby stawek podatkowych dla wszystkich badanych grup. Wzrost ten dotyczył przede wszystkim osób pracujących i jednocześnie wychowujących dzieci.
Wpływ fuzji i przejęć banków w Polsce na wynagrodzenie kadry zarządzającej
Authors: Folwarski Mateusz
Published: January 2018

Wynagrodzenia kadr zarządzających w instytucjach finansowych w czasie kryzysu finansowego 2007–2009 podlegały szczególnej krytyce. Wysoki ich poziom często nie zależał od sytuacji ekonomicznej danego banku. Dokonano próby oceny kształtowania się poziomu wynagrodzeń w polskich bankach w latach 2004–2013. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na moment fuzji/przejęcia instytucji finansowej w analizowanym okresie. Analizie poddane zostały roczne całkowite wynagrodzenia kadry zarządzającej daną instytucją finansową oraz roczne, całkowite wynagrodzenia prezesów zarządzających bankiem. W szczególny sposób zauważany jest wzrost wynagrodzenia w banku PEKAO S.A. oraz BPH S.A. po przejęciu części banku BPH S.A. przez włoskiego inwestora strategicznego banku PEKAO S.A.
Konsumencka percepcja nowych technologii stosowanych w produkcji żywności
Authors: Jeżewska-Zychowicz Marzena , Królak Maria
Published: January 2018

Celem badania było poznanie postaw konsumentów wobec nowych technologii stosowanych w produkcji żywności, które mierzono za pomocą skali Food Technology Neophobia Scale. Badanie ankietowe przeprowadzono w 2013 roku w ogólnopolskiej grupie 1000 konsumentów. Do analizy danych zastosowano analizę częstości, tabele krzyżowe oraz analizę czynnikową. Do stwierdzenia różnic istotnych statystycznie między zmiennymi wykorzystano test Chi2, przy poziomie istotności p < 0,05. Wykazano neutralny lub raczej negatywny stosunek do nowych technologii stosowanych w produkcji żywności. Bardziej pozytywne postawy były reprezentowane przez kobiety i osoby w wieku 26–35 lat, natomiast bardziej negatywne przez mężczyzn, osoby starsze oraz osoby z niższym wykształceniem. Eksponowanie informacji o zastosowanej metodzie produkcji w przypadku osób z negatywną, także z neutralną postawą wobec stosowanych technologii może być barierą w nabywaniu produktów żywnościowych, co wskazuje na ostrożne wykorzystywanie tej informacji w komunikatach marketingowych lub prowadzenie edukacji konsumenckiej w tym zakresie.
Młodzi Polacy wobec wyzwań współczesnego rynku – wybrane zachowania i ich determinanty w latach 2004–2014
Authors: Sowa Izabela , Zrałek Jolanta
Published: January 2018

Zachowania młodych konsumentów są przedmiotem zainteresowań ekonomistów już od kilku dziesięcioleci. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wskazanie zmian, jakie zaszły w ostatnich 10 latach w zachowaniach młodych Polaków, zidentyfikowanie wybranych determinant ich zachowań oraz określenie sposobu oddziaływania tych czynników. Podstawę do wnioskowania na ten temat stanowią wyniki badań bezpośrednich przeprowadzonych wśród konsumentów z grupy wiekowej 14–19 lat. Badania te miały miejsce kolejno w latach 2004, 2006 i 2014, a wykorzystaną w nich metodą była ankieta audytoryjna. Podstawowym wnioskiem z przeprowadzonych analiz jest stwierdzenie, że młodzi konsumenci sprawnie adaptują się do wyzwań współczesnego rynku. W ich zachowaniach wyraźnie można zauważyć przejawy wirtualizacji, serwicyzacji, a także trendu związanego ze zdrowym stylem życia. Jednocześnie trudno jest wskazać stałą grupę czynników determinujących zachowania młodych Polaków. Tylko niektóre determinanty (np. wiek czy płeć) równocześnie oddziałują na więcej niż jedno zachowanie, a ich wpływ jest stały (widoczny w kolejnych latach). Inne czynniki (np. miejsce zamieszkania czy wykształcenie rodziców) kształtują tylko wybrane zachowania lub też ich wpływ zmienia się w czasie. Zdarza się też, że oddziaływanie czynnika zmienia kierunek.
Decyzje przedsiębiorców indywidualnych w zakresie optymalizacji podatkowej
Authors: Kata Ryszard
Published: January 2018

W opracowaniu opisano istotę i formy optymalizacji podatkowej w podmiotach gospodarczych osób fizycznych. Określono uwarunkowania decyzji przedsiębiorców indywidualnych w zakresie stosowania optymalizacji podatkowej oraz dokonano oceny skali stosowania różnych form preferencji podatkowych przez mikro- i małe przedsiębiorstwa.
Wiedza konsumentów jako determinanta decyzji zakupowych na rynku żywności ekologicznej
Authors: Kawa Marta , Cyran Kazimierz
Published: January 2018

W Polsce żywność ekologiczna cieszy się rosnącym zainteresowaniem konsumentów przyczyniając się do dynamicznego rozwoju tego rynku. Celem artykułu jest określenie wpływu poziomu wiedzy konsumentów na temat produktów ekologicznych na decyzje zakupowe. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że stan wiedzy na temat żywności ekologicznej jest nadal zbyt niski. Poziom wiedzy determinuje właściwe określenie cech żywności jakie powinny charakteryzować żywność ekologiczną. Z badań wynika, że konsumenci charakteryzujący się wyższym poziomem wiedzy na temat produktów ekologicznych jako najważniejsze kryterium produktu podają naturalny sposób produkcji, bez dodatków chemicznych oraz przywiązują większą wagę do cech zdrowotnych takich jak wartość odżywcza i świeżość produktów. Ważne są działania zmierzające do podnoszenia poziomu wiedzy i zwiększenia zainteresowania ekologicznymi produktami żywnościowymi.
Czy rozwój e-commerce wymaga zmiany myślenia o opakowaniu produktów?
Authors: Nalewajek Monika
Published: January 2018

W artykule zweryfikowano i przedstawiono zmiany w handlu, jakie dokonują się w ciągu ostatnich kilku lat. Zaprezentowano także kierunki tendencji rozwojowych, których w ciągu 2–3 lat prawdopodobnie będziemy świadkami. Zebrane dane pokazują na znaczący rozwój e-handlu, a także na rosnące zainteresowanie związane z zakupami online w segmencie produktów FMCG (również przez tablety i smartfony). Zmiany te skłaniają do zastanowienia się, jakie konsekwencje dla znanych już naukowcom i badaczom relacji między opakowaniem a decyzjami zakupowymi będzie miał dalszy rozwój handlu internetowego. Autorka zaprezentowała koncepcję e-opakowania, która to jak dotychczas nie została wykorzystana w nurcie naukowym i, będąc stosunkowo nową, nie doczekała się jeszcze badań naukowych, które z pewnością warto by było przeprowadzić.
Znaczenie dopłat bezpośrednich w kształtowaniu wydajności pracy indywidualnych gospodarstw rolniczych w województwie śląskim
Authors: Smolarski Leonard
Published: January 2018

W opracowaniu określono wpływ dopłat bezpośrednich na wydajność pracy w indywidualnych gospodarstwach rolniczych. Badaniami objęto indywidualne gospodarstwa rolnicze z terenu województwa śląskiego, uczestniczące w systemie PL-FADN. Okres badawczy obejmował lata 2005–2008. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że zasadniczy udział w zasobach siły roboczej gospodarstw stanowiła praca własna rolnika. Najwyższą wydajnością pracy charakteryzowały się gospodarstwa największe, zarówno pod względem obszarowym, jak i wielkości ekonomicznej oraz te o typie „uprawy polowe”. Wraz ze zwiększaniem się środków finansowych z tytułu dopłat obszarowych wydajność pracy w gospodarstwach rolnych wzrastała, a gospodarstwa o najwyższym poziomie dopłat bezpośrednich lepiej wykorzystywały posiadane zasoby siły roboczej.