bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Involvement of AGE and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension in Elderly People and Its Treatment
Authors: Prasad Kailash
Published: September 2022

Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures increase with age up to 50 to 60 years of age. After 60 years of age systolic pressure rises to 84 years of age but diastolic pressure remains stable or even decreases. In the oldest age group (85–99 years), the systolic blood pressure (SBP) is high and diastolic pressure (DBP) is the lowest. Seventy percent of people older than 65 years are hypertensive. This paper deals with the role of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and its cell receptor (RAGE) and soluble receptor (sRAGE) in the development of hypertension in the elderly population. Plasma/serum levels of AGE are higher in older people as compared with younger people. Serum levels of AGE are positively correlated with age, arterial stiffness, and hypertension. Low serum levels of sRAGE are associated with arterial stiffness and hypertension. Levels of sRAGE are negatively correlated with age and blood pressure. Levels of sRAGE are lower in patients with arterial stiffness and hypertension than patients with high levels of sRAGE. AGE could induce hypertension through numerous mechanisms including, cross-linking with collagen, reduction of nitric oxide, increased expression of endothelin-1, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Interaction of AGE with RAGE could produce hypertension through the generation of reactive oxygen species, increased sympathetic activity, activation of nuclear factor-kB, and increased expression of cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and TGF- β. In conclusion, the AGE–RAGE axis could be involved in hypertension in elderly people. Treatment for hypertension in elderly people should be targeted at reduction of AGE levels in the body, prevention of AGE formation, degradation of AGE in vivo, downregulation of RAGE expression, blockade of AGE–RAGE interaction, upregulation of sRAGE expression, and use of antioxidants.
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Injury Using an Anterior-Based Muscle-Sparing Approach to the Hip: A Clinical and Cadaveric Analysis with Review of Literature
Authors: Zuskov Andrey , Seem Michael E. , Pollock David C. , Langfitt Maxwell K. , Luo T. David , Plate Johannes F.
Published: September 2022

The alternative anterior hip approach between the tensor fascia lata and gluteus medius (the modified Watson-Jones approach, Röttinger approach, anterior-based muscle-sparing [ABMS] approach, and ABLE approach) may decrease the risk of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) palsy. A retrospective case study, systematic literature review, and cadaveric study were performed to assess the risk for LFCN palsy with the ABMS compared with the direct anterior (DA) approach. Consecutive patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) using ABMS were identified and assessed for LFCN palsy. A systematic review of LFCN injury with ABMS and DA approaches was conducted. In four fresh cadavers (eight hips), ABMS and DA approaches were performed and the LFCN identified. The proximity of the LFCN to the fascial incision was measured and compared between ABMS and DA approaches. In 64 consecutive ABMS THA (mean age: 57.3 ± 13.5 years, 42% female, mean body mass index: 30.2 ± 5.3 kg/m2), two hips (3.2%) had an LFCN palsy. In combination with the systematic literature review, the risk of LFCN palsy was less with ABMS (0.3%, 7/2,609 hips) compared with DA (3.1%, 638/20,402 hips, p < 0.001). In eight cadaveric hip dissections, the LFCN was significantly further away from the ABMS fascial incision (mean: 67.6 ± 9.1 mm), compared with the fascial incision of the DA approach (mean: 18.5 ± 3.5 mm, p < 0.0001). The risk of LFCN palsy was found to be 10-fold greater with the DA approach compared with the ABMS approached in this combined retrospective case series and systematic literature review. The anatomic location of the ABMS fascial incision was significantly farther from the LFCN, contributing to the decreased risk of LFCN injury.
NLR as a Prognostic Tool in Orthopaedic Surgery in Elderly Extra-Articular Hip Fracture: A Significant Increase in NLR 24 Hours after Surgical Intervention
Authors: Tomaino Laura , Pansieri Simone , Vigna Luisella , La Vecchia Carlo , Da Lio Lidia , Moroncini Gianluca , Gigante Antonio Pompilio
Published: September 2022

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was developed as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in many medical conditions, and its use is spreading as a predictor of postoperative outcome in orthopaedic surgery. The aim of this study is to investigate the improvement of NLR 24 hours after surgical intervention in a cohort of 91 patients (F/M = 68/23) with hip fracture who underwent femur intramedullary fixation. Patients were 84.7 ± 7.9 years old, and the mean hospital stay was 13.4 ± 4.7 days, with a mean delay to surgery of 1.9 ± 1.4 days. A significant increase in NLR between baseline (T0) and 24 hours after surgical intervention (T1) was observed in the study sample overall and on subgroup analysis by gender. Nevertheless, no significant effect of NLR on the length of hospital stay was observed.
Faith communities: immanence, aesthetics and thinking through figures
Authors: Hickey-Moody Anna
Published: September 2022

In this paper, I draw on ethnographic fieldwork to develop a conversation between Deleuze and Guattari’s geophilosophy (Deleuze and Guattari in What is philosophy?, Verso Books, London, 1994: pp. 85–113) and concepts within and findings from empirical fieldwork exploring religion, faith and everyday belief systems. This leads to some new ways of thinking about faith and draws parallels between religion as a mode of ‘thinking through figures’ (1994, p. 89), in contrast to faith as a way of ‘being connected rather than being projected’ (1994, p. 92). Through geophilosophy I develop a way to understand the changing contextual meanings people give to faith and/or religion. For example, people of the same faith or religion may often believe in such different ways that they cannot recognize the faith held by the other person as being the same as their own. They speak the same language but do not understand each other. (Deleuze and Guattari in What is Philosophy? Verso Books, London, 1994: p. 110).
Multi-temperature modeling of femtosecond laser pulse on metallic nanoparticles accounting for the temperature dependences of the parameters
Authors: Pustovalov Victor K.
Published: September 2022

This review considers the fundamental dynamical processes of metal nanoparticles during and after the impact of a femtosecond laser pulse on a nanoparticle, including the absorption of photons. Understanding the sequence of events after photon absorption and their timescales is important for many applications of nanoparticles. Various processes are discussed, starting with optical absorption by electrons, proceeding through the relaxation of the electrons due to electron–electron scattering and electron–phonon coupling, and ending with the dissipation of the nanoparticle energy into the environment. The goal is to consider the timescales, values, and temperature dependences of the electron heat capacity and the electron–phonon coupling parameter that describe these processes and how these dependences affect the electron energy relaxation. Two- and four-temperature models for describing electron–phonon relaxation are discussed. Significant emphasis is paid to the proposed analytical approach to modeling processes during the action of a femtosecond laser pulse on a metal nanoparticle. These consider the temperature dependences of the electron heat capacity and the electron–phonon coupling factor of the metal. The entire process is divided into four stages: (1) the heating of the electron system by a pulse, (2) electron thermalization, (3) electron–phonon energy exchange and the equalization of the temperature of the electrons with the lattice, and (4) cooling of the nanoparticle. There is an appropriate analytical description of each stage. The four-temperature model can estimate the parameters of the laser and nanoparticles needed for applications of femtosecond laser pulses and nanoparticles.
Structure and dynamics of supercooled water in the hydration layer of poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Li Yuqing , Han Zehua , Ma Changli , Hong Liang , Ding Yanwei , Chen Ye , Zhao Junpeng , Liu Dong , Sun Guangai , Zuo Taisen , Cheng He , Han Charles C.
Published: September 2022

The statics and dynamics of supercooled water in the hydration layer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were studied by a combination of quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Two samples, that is, hydrogenated PEG/deuterated water (h-PEG/D2O) and fully deuterated PEG/hydrogenated water (d-PEG/H2O) with the same molar ratio of ethylene glycol (EG) monomer to water, 1:1, are compared. The QENS data of h-PEG/D2O show the dynamics of PEG, and that of d-PEG/H2O reveals the motion of water. The temperature-dependent elastic scattering intensity of both samples has shown transitions at supercooled temperature, and these transition temperatures depend on the energy resolution of the instruments. Therefore, neither one is a phase transition, but undergoes dynamic process. The dynamic of water can be described as an Arrhenius to super-Arrhenius transition, and it reveals the hydrogen bonding network relaxation of hydration water around PEG at supercooled temperature. Since the PEG-water hydrogen bond structural relaxation time from MD is in good agreement with the average relaxation time from QENS (d-PEG/H2O), MD may further reveal the atomic pictures of the supercooled hydration water. It shows that hydration water molecules form a series of pools around the hydrophilic oxygen atom of PEG. At supercooled temperature, they have a more bond ordered structure than bulk water, proceed a trapping sites diffusion on the PEG surface, and facilitate the structural relaxation of PEG backbone.
Characterizing battery materials and electrodes via in situ/operando transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Basak Shibabrata , Dzieciol Krzysztof , Durmus Yasin Emre , Tempel Hermann , Kungl Hans , George Chandramohan , Mayer Joachim , Eichel Rüdiger-A.
Published: September 2022

In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) research has enabled better understanding of various battery chemistries (Li-ion, Li–S, metal–O2, Li, and Na metal based, etc.), which fueled substantial developments in battery technologies. In this review, we highlight some of the recent developments shedding new light on battery materials and electrochemistry via TEM. Studying battery electrode processes depending on the type of electrolytes used and the nature of electrode–electrolyte interfaces established upon battery cycling conditions is key to further adoption of battery technologies. To this end, in situ/operando TEM methodologies would require accommodating alongside correlation microscopy tools to predict battery interface evolution, reactivity, and stability, for which the use of x-ray computed tomography and image process via machine learning providing complementary information is highlighted. Such combined approaches have potential to translate TEM-based battery results into more direct macroscopic relevance for the optimization of real-world batteries.
Materials challenges for SrRuO3: From conventional to quantum electronics
Authors: Cuoco M. , Di Bernardo A.
Published: September 2022

The need for faster and more miniaturized electronics is challenging scientists to develop novel forms of electronics based on quantum degrees of freedom different from electron charge. In this fast-developing field, often referred to as quantum electronics, the metal-oxide perovskite SrRuO3 can play an important role thanks to its diverse physical properties, which have been intensively investigated, mostly for conventional electronics. In addition to being chemically stable, easy to fabricate with high quality and to grow epitaxially onto many oxides—these are all desirable properties also for conventional electronics—SrRuO3 has interesting properties for quantum electronics like itinerant ferromagnetism and metallic behavior, strong correlation between magnetic anisotropy and spin–orbit coupling, strain-tunable magnetization, and anomalous Hall and Berry effects. In this Perspective, after describing the main phenomena emerging from the interplay between spin, orbital, lattice, and topological quantum degrees of freedom in SrRuO3, we discuss the challenges still open to achieve control over these phenomena. We then provide our perspectives on the most promising applications of SrRuO3 for devices for conventional and quantum electronics. We suggest new device configurations and discuss the materials challenges for their realization. For conventional electronics, we single out applications where SrRuO3 devices can bring competitive advantages over existing ones. For quantum electronics, we propose devices that can help gain a deeper understanding of quantum effects in SrRuO3 to exploit them for quantum technologies. We finally give an outlook about properties of SrRuO3 still waiting for discovery and applications that may stem from them.
Insight into the photocatalytic and photothermal effect in plasmon-enhanced water oxidation property of AuTNP@MnOx core-shell nanoconstruct
Authors: Paital Diptiranjan , Bansal Tarun , Kaushik Tannu , Joshi Gayatri , Sett Soumyadip , Khatua Saumyakanti
Published: September 2022

Development of robust and efficient photocatalytic constructs for boosting the water oxidation reaction (WOR) is needed for establishing a sunlight-driven renewable energy infrastructure. Here we synthesized plasmonic core-shell nanoconstructs consisting of triangular gold nanoprism (Au-TNP) core with mixed manganese oxide (MnOx) shell for photoelectrocatalytic WOR. These constructs show electrocatalytic WOR with low onset overpotential requirement of 270 mV at pH 10.5. Photoexcitation showed further enhancement of their catalytic activity resulting in ~15% decrease of the onset overpotential requirement along with the generation of photocurrent density of up to 300 µA/cm2. We showed that such light-driven enhancement of AuTNP@MnOx dyad's catalytic activity includes contributions from both photocatalytic (hot carriers driven) and photothermal effects with photothermal effect playing the major role for wavelength between 532 nm and 808 nm. The contribution from the photocatalytic effect is appreciable only for high-energy excitations near the interband region, while the photothermal effect largely dominates for lower energy excitations near the LSPR wavelengths of the dyad.
MetalWalls: Simulating electrochemical interfaces between polarizable electrolytes and metallic electrodes
Authors: Coretti Alessandro , Bacon Camille , Berthin Roxanne , Serva Alessandra , Scalfi Laura , Chubak Iurii , Goloviznina Kateryna , Haefele Matthieu , Marin-Laflèche Abel , Rotenberg Benjamin , Bonella Sara , Salanne Mathieu
Published: September 2022

Electrochemistry is central to many applications, ranging from biology to energy science. Studies now involve a wide range of techniques, both experimental and theoretical. Modeling and simulations methods, such as density functional theory or molecular dynamics, provide key information on the structural and dynamic properties of the systems. Of particular importance are polarization effects of the electrode/electrolyte interface, which are difficult to simulate accurately. Here, we show how these electrostatic interactions are taken into account in the framework of the Ewald summation method. We discuss, in particular, the formal setup for calculations that enforce periodic boundary conditions in two directions, a geometry that more closely reflects the characteristics of typical electrolyte/electrode systems and presents some differences with respect to the more common case of periodic boundary conditions in three dimensions. These formal developments are implemented and tested in MetalWalls, a molecular dynamics software that captures the polarization of the electrolyte and allows the simulation of electrodes maintained at a constant potential. We also discuss the technical aspects involved in the calculation of two sets of coupled degrees of freedom, namely the induced dipoles and the electrode charges. We validate the implementation, first on simple systems, then on the well-known interface between graphite electrodes and a room-temperature ionic liquid. We finally illustrate the capabilities of MetalWalls by studying the adsorption of a complex functionalized electrolyte on a graphite electrode.
High numerical aperture reflective deep ultraviolet Fourier ptychographic microscopy for nanofeature imaging
Authors: Park Kwan Seob , Bae Yoon Sung , Choi Sang-Soo , Sohn Martin Y.
Published: September 2022

Pushing the resolution limit to the nanoscale is a critical challenge for applying the reflective Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) to metrologies for characterization of nanoscale features. Characterization of opaque nanoscale samples using reflective FPM requires chiefly a light source with shorter wavelength to obtain nanoscale resolution, as state-of-the-art device sizes have become sub-100 nm or deep sub-wavelength. We report a reflective deep ultraviolet (DUV) FPM featured by an aperture scanning illumination based on the epi-illumination scheme for accommodating a 193 nm excimer laser source and a high numerical aperture (NA) catadioptric objective lens. The illumination system enables robust control of high-NA angular illumination and optimal energy fluence for FPM imaging and prevention of damage to the sample and optical components. The implemented reflective DUV FPM demonstrated image reconstruction of multiline targets with a minimum linewidth of 80 nm with an average contrast six times higher than conventional DUV microscopy.
Flow structures of strong interaction between an oblique shock wave and a supersonic streamwise vortex
Authors: Wei Feng , Yang Rui , Liu Weidong , Zhao Yuxin , Wang Qiancheng , Sun Mingbo
Published: September 2022

The oblique shock/vortex interaction (OSVI) is numerically investigated based on the large-eddy simulation method. A Mach interaction between separated shock and incident shock can be found when the pressure at the recirculation region reaches a certain level. Based on the idea of spatial–temporal correlation, which considers the three-dimensional steady interaction as a two-dimensional unsteady problem, a qualitative analysis is conducted to explain complicated three-dimensional shock structures. The interaction can be regarded as a combination of the following events: the interaction between circular shock and normal shock, the reflection of shock wave on a subsonic interface, and the interaction between secondary circular shock and other shock structures. Though the original vortex has broken down, a pair of streamwise vortices can be observed in the downstream flow field, the formation of which is associated with the split of the recirculation region. Moreover, the recirculation region is found to act as a solid body, which means that the flow angle along a splitting curve can reflect the splitting speed. Three stages can be identified according to the change process of the flow angle along the splitting curve, which are rapid growth, linear growth, and decrease stages. Inspired by the studies on the shock-induced boundary layer separation, the flow field of the strong OSVI with a regular interaction is modeled to predict the initial flow angle of the splitting point which is the foundation of the study on other stages. The interaction type between separated shock and incident shock can also be judged according to this approach.
Dream fusion in octahedral spherical hohlraum
Authors: Lan Ke
Published: September 2022

The octahedral spherical hohlraum provides an ideal and practical approach for indirect-drive toward a dream fusion with predictable and reproducible gain and opens a route to the development of a laser drive system for multiple laser fusion schemes. This paper addresses a number of issues that have arisen with regard to octahedral spherical hohlraums, such as how to naturally generate a highly symmetric radiation drive at all times and for all spectra without the use of symmetry tuning technology, how to determine the three-dimensional, temporal, and spectral characteristics of the real radiation drive on a capsule in experiments, and the relative energy efficiency of an octahedral spherical hohlraum compared with a cylindrical hohlraum. A design island for an octahedral spherical hohlraum is presented. Finally, the challenges and future tasks for the path forward are presented.
Unit conversion in pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann method for liquid–vapor phase change simulations
Authors: Wang Si-Cheng , Tong Zi-Xiang , He Ya-Ling , Liu Xiang
Published: September 2022

Pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann (LB) model is an effective mesoscopic method for liquid–vapor phase change simulations. In LB methods, calculations are often carried out in lattice units. Thus, a correct mapping from the lattice unit system to the physical unit system is crucial for accurate simulations of practical problems. The unit conversion for liquid–vapor phase change problems is more complicated than single-phase problems, because an equation of state (EOS) for a nonideal fluid is introduced in the pseudopotential two-phase model. In this work, a novel unit conversion method for the pseudopotential LB model is proposed. The basic strategy is to obtain the conversion relations of fundamental units by mapping the surface tension and EOS parameters related to fluid properties, and thus, the unit conversion relations of other quantities are deduced. Numerical simulations of benchmark problems including the film evaporation and the bubble heterogeneous nucleation from a V-shaped cavity are carried out, and the simulation results are converted to the physical unit system by the proposed method. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method is able to recover the physical-unit latent heat of the fluid in the film evaporation problem. In the bubble nucleation from a V-shaped cavity problem, the conventional unit conversion method cannot derive the correct superheat temperature in the physical unit, whereas the proposed method based on the fundamental units recovers the critical superheat temperature which is consistent with the analytical result.
A unified framework of transformations based on the Jordan–Wigner transformation
Authors: Li Qing-Song , Liu Huan-Yu , Wang Qingchun , Wu Yu-Chun , Guo Guo-Ping
Published: September 2022

Quantum simulation of chemical Hamiltonians enables the efficient calculation of chemical properties. Mapping is one of the essential steps in simulating fermionic systems on quantum computers. In this work, a unified framework of transformations mapping fermionic systems to qubit systems is presented and many existing transformations—such as Jordan–Wigner, Bravyi–Kitaev, and parity transformations—are included in this framework. Based on this framework, the Multilayer Segmented Parity (MSP) transformation is proposed. The MSP transformation is a general mapping with an adjustable parameter vector, which can be viewed as a generalization of the above-mentioned mappings. Furthermore, the MSP transformation can adjust flexibly when dealing with different systems. Applying these mappings to the electronic structure Hamiltonians of various molecules, the MSP transformation is found to perform better on a number of Pauli operators and gates needed in the circuit of Hamiltonian simulation. The MSP transformation will reduce the qubit gate requirement for Hamiltonian simulation on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, and it will provide a much wider choice of mappings for researchers.
Quantitative analysis on implicit large eddy simulation
Authors: Cao Guiyu , Zhao Wenjin , Chen Shiyi
Published: September 2022

Current research conducts the quantitative comparisons between implicit large eddy simulation (iLES) and explicit eddy-viscosity large eddy simulation (eLES). iLES and eLES in a compressible Taylor–Green vortex problem are implemented with a fourth-order finite-volume gas kinetic scheme. Compared with the key statistical quantities of direct numerical simulation, iLES outweighs eLES on the exactly same unresolved grids. With DNS solution, a priori analysis of compressible filtered subgrid-scale (SGS) turbulent kinetic energy ρ¯Ksgsf is performed. Forward and backward filtered SGS turbulent kinetic energy transfer coexists. The ensemble turbulent kinetic energy Ek is on the order of o(104) to o(102) of ensemble filtered SGS turbulent kinetic energy Ksgsf. The ensemble dominant physical dissipation rate ε1 is approximately 20 times larger than the ensemble filtered SGS dissipation rate −τijfS̃ijf. Then, for iLES and eLES, the total dissipation rate is decomposed into the resolved physical dissipation rate εphy, modeling SGS dissipation rate εsgsmod, and numerical SGS dissipation rate εsgsnum. Quantitative comparisons on the modeling SGS dissipation rate and numerical SGS dissipation rate in iLES and eLES are evaluated. The numerical dissipation in iLES can be treated as the built-in SGS dissipation, which accounts for the reasonable performance of iLES. While the explicit modeling SGS dissipation in eLES pollutes the resolved turbulent structures in such low-Reynolds number turbulence. The next generation of large eddy simulation on unresolved grids must take into account both the built-in numerical SGS dissipation and its competition explicit modeling SGS dissipation.
Meteorological drivers of the eastern Victorian Black Summer (2019–2020) fires
Authors: Mills Graham , Salkin Owen , Fearon Matthew , Harris Sarah , Brown Timothy , Reinbold Hauss
Published: September 2022

The spring and summer of 2019–2020 (Black Summer) saw the largest and most significant bushfire outbreak recorded in eastern Australia. In Victoria, the fires ran from mid-November through early autumn. In this paper, we use a high-spatial and temporal resolution 48-year fire weather re-analysis data set (VicClim5) to describe fire weather and vertical wind and stability profiles for five significant high Forest Fire Danger Index (FFDI) fire events and compare these with detailed fire reconstructions. A feature of several of these fires was very active overnight fire spread driven by topographically enhanced low-level jets and low fine fuel moisture content. The FFDI values on these nights were either the highest or near highest on record in the 48-year data set. We describe cases of lightning ignition, prefrontal fire spread and two cases of post-frontal fire spread – one into Mallacoota on the early morning of 31 December 2019 and the other a northward overnight run down the Buffalo Valley on 4–5 January 2020. On two of the days studied there were complex wind changes associated with the inland penetration of low-level south-easterly winds under the influence of locally generated pressure gradients. An elevated hot, dry mixed layer above these shallow layers also played an important role. On one occasion there is some evidence of possible mountain-wave modulation of surface wind flows. These events demonstrate a range of features of the fire weather and climate in eastern Victoria and the utility of VicClim5 in 3-dimensional climatological analyses.
From Pseudo-relatives to Causative Constructions
Authors: Frascarelli Mara , Di Lorenzo Giorgia
Published: September 2022

This volume proposes a novel structural analysis for causative constructions, offering a solution for the long-standing mono/bi-clausal dualism. Causatives are claimed to instantiate a ‘complex object’ construction, insofar as the causee is not only the subject of the lexical verb, but also a participant that is related to the whole event. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that the realization of causatives implies a crucial interplay with the pseudo-relative construction, a much-debated structure as well. Data from Scandinavian languages are highlighted, through the results of an experimental test on the scope of negation and adverbs supporting the present analysis. The book offers a cross-linguistic perspective as it discusses the relevant constructions in languages including Italian, English, French, Portuguese and Spanish.
Syntactic priming and child language competence
Authors: Contemori Carla
Published: September 2022

Theories of language development differ on how the development of syntax and its mapping to semantics are
conceived. An important question in child language research is about the nature and scope of children’s syntactic
representations and how they develop over time. In the last sixteen years, there has been a growth in research on syntactic
priming in children, testing the abstractness and development of the sentence representations of young and older children to
address theories of language acquisition. In the present paper, I review existing research using the syntactic priming
technique with children. As the number of researchers employing this experimental technique continues to grow, I highlight the
importance to focus on understudied languages, expand the research to a wider range of syntactic structures, uncover the role
of individual differences and adopt structural priming in more naturalistic settings, to elucidate further the mechanisms
underlying language acquisition and development.
What can syntactic priming tell us about crosslinguistic influence?
Authors: Serratrice Ludovica
Published: September 2022

When a child is simultaneously exposed to two different languages, they will need to parse the incoming
input, and map form to meaning to create mental representations that are consistent with those of the adult speakers of those
languages. How exactly bilingual children do this, the extent to which they develop linguistic systems that are independent of
each other, and the place of crosslinguistic influence, are still the object of much current research. Syntactic priming is a
promising methodology to test different hypotheses about the (relative) interdependence of bilingual children’s linguistic
systems. Starting with a historical perspective on the one vs. two systems hypothesis in bilingual development, I consider the
limits of crosslinguistic influence, then I make a proposal on how co-activation and syntactic priming could explain
crosslinguistic influence.
Analysis of the radicalization of the 17-A terrorist cell: an empirical approach using the 3N model (Análisis del proceso de radicalización de la célula terrorista del 17-A: una aproximación empírica desde el modelo 3N)
Authors: González Irene , Moyano Manuel , Lobato Roberto M. , Trujillo Humberto M.
Published: September 2022

Radicalization is a complex process given the fact that several factors interact in it. In order to gain an overview of these factors, a case study was performed of the cell that carried out the terrorist attacks in Barcelona and Cambrils. The 3N model of radicalization was used, which proposes three factors: needs, narratives and networks. The content of the order handed down by the National High Court and the police proceedings of Mossos d’Esquadra, the police force in Catalonia, were analysed to identify possible indicators of those three factors which may have contributed to the radicalization within the 17-A cell. The results showed the existence of different indicators such as providing a life purpose, giving personal significance, exposure to extremist propaganda materials, the assimilation of values, identity fusion and having a common cause. We conclude by stressing the importance of considering the interaction of multiple factors in understanding radicalization in all its complexity.
Charge filling induced quasi-two dimensional charge/spin density wave channel in a ballistic transport device
Authors: Saumya Biswas
Published: September 2022

Charge filling controlled mean field metal–insulator phase transition is examined in the context of two dimensional Fermi surface nesting and van Hove singularity induced charge density wave (CDW), spin density wave (SDW) condensates. In the framework of a coherent ballistic transport model utilizing the Non-Equilibrium Green Function approach (NEGF), a three terminal device with metallic gate, source, drain and CDW/SDW channel is simulated and studied. Within the validity of mean field approximation, we exposit the commensurability and boundary effects. The efficacy of the Hubbard model for (quasi) two dimensional Charge and Spin Density Wave materials is discussed. A two orbital generalization of the effective Hamiltonian is proposed for transport calculations in rare earth Tellurides RTe
3.
Electron impact excitation cross section calculations of the fine structure transitions of Mo and their applications in the diagnostics of the laser induced Mo plasma
Authors: Suresh Indhu , Srikar P S N S R , Priti  , Srivastava R , Gangwar R K
Published: September 2022

The current work reports a detailed calculation of electron impact excitation cross sections for the fine structure transitions of Mo from the manifolds 4d
55s, 4d
45s
2, 4d
6 and 4d
55p to the manifolds 4d
55s, 4d
45s
2, 4d
6, 4d
55p, 4d
45s5p, 4d
55d, 4d
56s, 4d
45s6s, and 4d
57s, using the relativistic distorted wave approximation for the applications in plasma modelling. Multi-configurational Dirac–Fock wave functions are used in the calculations. The oscillator strength and cross section results are compared with the previous calculations and measurements. A comprehensive collisional radiative (CR) model is developed and used to characterize laser induced molybdenum plasma to ensure that the calculated cross sections can be used for various plasma modelling applications. The current CR model has taken into account the electron impact excitation and de-excitation processes using the calculated consistent cross sections. The electron induced processes are dominant kinetic processes in the laser induced plasma. Furthermore, the diagnostics of the laser induced Mo plasma is done by coupling the current CR model with the experimental laser induced breakdown spectroscopic measurements of Mal et al (2021 Appl. Phys. B 127 52). The plasma parameter, i.e., electron temperature has been calculated using nine measured intensities of the emission lines of Mo, with wavelengths 406.9, 423.3, 438.2, 453.7, 476.0, 550.7, 553.3, 557.0 and 592.9 nm. The results are also compared with the values reported in the Boltzmann plot at various delay times ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 μs.
Gas electron tracking detector for beta decay experiments
Authors: Rozpedzik D. , De Keukeleere L. , Bodek K. , Hayen L. , Lojek K. , Perkowski M. , Severijns N.
Published: September 2022

For identification and 3D-tracking of low-energy electrons a new type of gas-based detector was designed that minimizes scattering and energy loss. The current version of the detector is a combination of a plastic scintillator, serving as a trigger source and energy detector, and a hexagonally structured multi-wire drift chamber (MWDC), filled with a mixture of helium and isobutane gas. The drift time information is used to track particles in the plane perpendicular to the wires, while a charge division technique provides spatial information along the wires. The gas tracker was successfully used in the miniBETA project as a beta spectrometer for a measurement of the weak magnetism form factor in nuclear beta decay. The precision of the three-dimensional electron tracking, in combination with low-mass, low-Z materials and identification of backscattering from scintillator, facilitated a reduction of the main systematics effects. The results originate from performance studies with cosmic muons and low-energy electrons (<2 MeV) conducted for several pressures (300–700 mbar) and isobutane content in the gas mixture (10–50%). At certain conditions, a spatial resolution better than 0.5 mm was obtained in the plane perpendicular to the wires, while resolutions of about 6 mm were achieved along wires. Thanks to precise tracking information, it is possible to eliminate electrons and other particles not originating from the desired decay with high efficiency. Additionally, using the coincidence between MWDC and scintillator, background from gamma emission typically accompanying radioactive decays, was highly suppressed. An overview of different event topologies is presented together with the tracker’s ability to correctly recognize them. The analysis is supported by Monte Carlo simulations using Geant4 and Garfield++ packages. Finally, the preliminary results from the 114In spectrum study are presented.
Nutritious diet, a right or a privilege?
Authors: Arteaga Marina , Villavicencio Mirian , Brito Gabriel , Ulloa Jenny
Published: September 2022

Food security is a right, but in poor countries such as Ecuador, it becomes a privilege because unemployment, the high cost of the basic family basket and the vital family basket limit access to nutritious food. Pearson’s statistic was applied to determine if there is a correlation between the study variables, where it was obtained that there is a direct linear correlation between the percentage of undernourished people, GDP and unemployment in Ecuador of 0.28 and 0.31 respectively, and a direct inverse relationship with the value of the basic family food basket of -0.87; currently Ecuador has a 12.4% rate of undernutrition compared to its average for the period 2001-2009, which is due to the implementation of the School Food Program in 1999.
Highly bioactive cell-laden hydrogel constructs bioprinted using an emulsion bioink for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Kim WonJin , Kim Geun Hyung
Published: September 2022

The insufficient pore structure of cell-laden hydrogel scaffolds has limited their application in various tissue regeneration applications owing to low cell-to-cell/matrix interactions and low transfer of nutrients and metabolic wastes. Herein, we designed a highly porous cell-laden hydrogel scaffold fabricated using an emulsion bioink consisting of methacrylated collagen (CMA), mineral oil (MO), and human adipose stem cells (hASCs) to induce efficient cell infiltration and cellular activities. By selecting the most appropriate concentration of CMA and MO, the emulsion bioink can be successfully formulated with proper yield stress and printability. The cell-laden scaffold exhibited significantly greater cell growth and cytoskeletal reorganization than the normally printed cell-laden CMA scaffold. Furthermore, two bioactive components (kartogenin and bone morphogenetic protein-2) were physically encapsulated in the oil droplets of the cell construct, and the molecules in the cell constructs enhanced chondrogenic or osteogenic differentiation of hASCs in the printed structure. Based on these results, the cell-printed structure using an emulsion bioink can not only provide a good cellular microenvironment but also be a new potential method to accelerate stem cell differentiation by combining bioactive molecules and cell-laden scaffolds.
Correlation analyses reveal differential diffusion behavior of eisosomal proteins between mother and daughter cells
Authors: Tedesco Francisco G Correa , Aguilar Pablo S , Estrada Laura C
Published: September 2022

Eisosomes are nanoscale plasma membrane domains shaped as furrow-like invaginations. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae these relatively immobile and uniform structures are mainly composed of two cytoplasmic proteins Pil1 and Lsp1. The present work uses fluctuation of fluorescence signals and analytical methods to determine Pil1 and Lsp1 dynamics at different subcellular locations. Using scanning techniques and autocorrelation analysis we determine that the cytoplasmic pools of Pil1 and Lsp1 behave mainly by passive diffusion. Single-point FCS experiments performed at several subcellular locations reveal that Pil1 mobility is faster in daughter cells. Furthermore, pair correlation function analysis indicates a rapid dynamic of Pil1 near the plasma membrane of growing yeast buds, where the membrane is expected to be actively assembling eisosomes.
Superconducting properties of doped blue phosphorene: effects of non-adiabatic approach
Authors: Alidoosti Mohammad , Nasr Esfahani Davoud , Asgari Reza
Published: September 2022

We study the effects of Kohn anomalies on the superconducting properties in electron- and hole-doped cases of monolayer blue phosphorene (BLP), considering both adiabatic and non-adiabatic phonon dispersions using first-principles calculations. We show that the topology of the Fermi surface is crucial for the formation of Kohn anomalies of doped BLP. By using the anisotropic Eliashberg formalism, we further carefully consider the temperature dependence of the non-adiabatic phonon dispersions. In cases of low hole densities, strong electron–phonon coupling (EPC) leads to a maximum critical temperature of

T

c

=
97

 K for superconductivity. In electron-doped regimes, on the other hand, a maximum superconducting critical temperature of

T

c

=
38

 K is reached at a doping level that includes a Lifshitz transition point. Furthermore, our results indicate that the most prominent component of EPC arises from the coupling between an in-plane (out-of-plane) deformation and in-plane (out-of-plane) electronic states of the electron (hole) type doping.
Numerical investigation of plasmonic bowtie nanorings with embedded nanoantennas for achieving high SEIRA enhancement factors
Authors: Suchitta Aakansha , Dhawan Anuj
Published: September 2022

This paper presents the numerical investigation of several complex plasmonic nanostructures — bowtie nanoring and crossed-bowtie nanoring nanoantennas with embedded bowtie nanoantennas and crossed-bowtie nanoantennas — for surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy-based substrates. The proposed nanostructures exhibit substantially large SEIRA enhancement factor (∼8.1 × 105) compared to previously reported enhancement factor values for bowtie nanoantennas or nanoring antennas. The plasmonic properties of the proposed nanostructures have been studied by the numerical evaluation of the near-field electromagnetic enhancement at resonant plasmon mode excitation wavelengths in the mid-IR spectral regime. The highest SEIRA enhancement of ∼8.1 × 105occurs at a wavelength of ∼6800 nm (6.8μm). A substantial electric field enhancement as large as ∼375, corresponding to SEIRA EF of ∼1.4 × 105is noted even when the minimum gaps between the plasmonic nanostructures is as large as 10 nm, which can easily be fabricated using the conventional nanolithography techniques. The occurrence of several electric field hotspots due to the presence of plasmonic nanoantennas embedded inside the nanorings was observed, as the electric fields are enhanced in the vicinity of the plasmonic nanostructures being proposed. The multiple electric field hotspots in the proposed nanostructures can lead to larger average electric field enhancement as well as the average SEIRA enhancement for these substrates. Moreover, by embedding plasmonic nanoantenna structures inside the bowtie nanorings and crossed-bowtie nanorings, large spectral tunability of plasmon resonance wavelengths is achieved in the spectral regime from 4μm to 8μm. This is done by varying a larger number of spectral parameters that are present in these complex nanostructures. This paper also reports a novel configuration of crossed-bowtie nanoring plasmonic structure exhibiting less polarization dependence of the SEIRA enhancement factor. This structure also exhibits tunability of hotspot positions when the direction of the polarization of the incident light is rotated. The proposed structures in this paper can be fabricated by the state-of-the-art nanofabrication technologies. The proposed structures could find potential applications in chemical and biological sensing and biochemical detection of analyte molecules.
Burst mode enabled ultrafast laser inscription inside gallium arsenide
Authors: Wang Andong , Sopeña Pol , Grojo David
Published: September 2022

Ultrafast laser inscription (ULI) inside semiconductors offers new perspectives for 3D monolithic structures to be fabricated and new functionalities to be added in electronic and photonic microdevices. However, important challenges remain because of nonlinear effects such as strong plasma generation that distort the energy delivery at the focal point when exposing these materials to intense infrared light. Up to now, the successful technological demonstrations have primarily concentrated on silicon (Si). In this paper, we target at another important semiconductor: gallium arsenide (GaAs). With nonlinearities higher than those of Si, 3D-machining of GaAs with femtosecond pulses becomes even harder. However, we show that the difficulty can be circumvented by burst-mode irradiation. We generate and apply trains of pulses at terahertz repetition rates for efficient pulse-to-pulse accumulation of laser-induced free carriers in the focal region, while avoiding an overdose of prefocal excitations. The superior performance of burst-mode irradiation is confirmed by a comparative study conducted with infrared luminescence microscopy. The results indicate a successful reduction of the plasma density in the prefocal region so that higher pulse energy reaches the focal spot. The same method is applied to identify optimum irradiation conditions considering particular cases such as asymmetric pulse trains and aberrated beams. With 64-pulse trains, we successfully manage to cross the writing threshold providing a solution for ULI inside GaAs. The application potential is finally illustrated with a stealth dicing demonstration by taking benefit of the burst mode. The irradiation method opens wide possibilities for 3D structuring inside GaAs by ULI.
Emulation and modelling of semiconductor optical amplifier-based all-optical photonic integrated deep neural network with arbitrary depth
Authors: Shi Bin , Calabretta Nicola , Stabile Ripalta
Published: September 2022

We experimentally demonstrate the emulation of scaling of the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) based integrated all-optical neural network in terms of number of input channels and layer cascade, with chromatic input at the neuron and monochromatic output conversion, obtained by exploiting cross-gain-modulation effect. We propose a noise model for investigating the signal degradation on the signal processing after cascades of SOAs, and we validate it via experimental results. Both experiments and simulations claim that the all-optical neuron (AON), with wavelength conversion as non-linear function, is able to compress noise for noisy optical inputs. This suggests that the use of SOA-based AON with wavelength conversion may allow for building neural networks with arbitrary depth. In fact, an arbitrarily deep neural network, built out of seven-channel input AONs, is shown to guarantee an error minor than 0.1 when operating at input power levels of −20 dBm/channel and with a 6 dB input dynamic range. Then the simulations results, extended to an arbitrary number of input channels and layers, suggest that by cascading and interconnecting multiple of these monolithically integrated AONs, it is possible to build a neural network with 12-inputs/neuron 12 neurons/layer and arbitrary depth scaling, or an 18-inputs/neuron 18-neurons/layer for single layer implementation, to maintain an output error <0.1. Further improvement in height scalability can be obtained by optimizing the input power.