bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mudrā of Vajrayāna – Caryā
Authors: Shrestha Arun
Published: July 2022

Mudrā as a divine sign language of the spiritual kind applied in religious rituals is essentially a means of communication and a bridge between physical existence and ultimate emancipation from non-existent existence envisaged in vajrayāna thought process. A pragmatic solution for final release from rebirths. It is a means of visualization for eventual realization. Interaction of sādhana, sādhya and sādhaka paves the way for nirvāņa through the formation of mudrās.
‘Bilampau’: A Heritage – Long Forgotten
Authors: Chitrakar Madan
Published: July 2022

Unlike some other forms in Nepali Painting, an earlier form known as ‘Bilampau’ remains unknown, relatively. This sense of apathy is regardless of the fact that this genre also boasts many unique features that deserves further academic explorations and need attract deeper discussions. To highlight its importance and explain the diversities, a few select representative examples are chosen to argue.
As an earliest example, two painted wood-covers of sacred manuscripts dated 12th century are proffered, how early efforts were made to make a visual story in early medieval times. This is followed by a famous visual story based on Buddhist beliefs for telling Buddhist stories: and now, how it has been reduced to an annual display or as a mere ritual. A visual story of Lord Krishna remains yet one more example. It is created and based on Hindu epic Mahabharata. But the most unique and startling example cited herein has a very unique character. It is created as a visual travel guide or a suggestive map to a prospective pilgrim or a traveler. At present, this exquisite work is in the collection of a museum abroad.
कलामा मोडर्निज्मः केही धारणा र तर्क (Modernism in Art: Some Concepts and Logics)
Authors: Rajbhandari Navindra Man
Published: July 2022

कलामा ‘मोडर्निज्म’ अर्थात् ‘आधुनिकतावाद’ को अवधारणा पाश्चात्य कलाको ऐतिहासिक क्रमकै शृङ्खला थियो । यस अवधारणाको उत्थान हुनुपछाडि उन्नाइसौ“ शताब्दीको विश्व राजनीतिक परिदृश्यका अतिरिक्त जापानी उडब्लक प्रिन्ट तथा अफ्रिकी कला जस्ता गैर पाश्चात्य कलाका प्रभावको पनि प्रत्यक्ष भूमिका रहेको थियो । सन् १९७० का दशकसम्म आइपुग्दा कलाका क्षेत्रमा हुनुसक्ने रहुनुपर्ने भएभरका नवीन प्रयोग तथा प्रवर्तनहरू भइसकेका थिए, र समकालीन कलाकारहरूले तिनको आवृत्ति गर्ने कार्यलाई मात्र निरन्तरता दिइरहेका हुन् । गैर पाश्चात्य मुलुक र तेस्रो विश्वका मुलुकका लागि मोडर्निज्मको अवधारणा पश्चिमा जगत्भन्दा पृथक रहेको थियो । गैर पाश्चात्य मुलुकका कलाकारहरूले मोडर्निज्मभित्र आफ्ना ‘रुट्स’ (जरा) अर्थात् जातीय, क्षेत्रीय, राष्ट्रिय तथा सांस्कृतिक पहिचानलाई समेट्ने प्रयत्न गरेका थिए, र अद्यापि गरिरहेका छन् ।
जाकोमेट्टीका अतियथार्थवादी मूर्तिकलामा अस्तित्वको सङ्कट ( Surrealistic Sculptures of Giacometti: Crisis of Existence
Authors: Khatri Om
Published: July 2022

सरियालिस्टिक (अतियथार्थवादी) कला आन्दोलनस“ग मूर्तिकार अल्बेर्टो जाकोमेट्टीको संलग्नता छोटो समयसम्म मात्र रहेको थियो, तथापि उनका मूर्ति रचनाहरूलाई यस शैलीदेखि पृथक राखेर चर्चा गर्न सकिँदैन । उनका अतियथार्थवादी मूर्ति रचनामा ‘मास’ अर्थात् पदार्थको आयतनको नियमलाई भङ्ग गरिएकाले तिनमा वास्तविक तथ्यभन्दा भावनात्मक अपिल अर्थात मूर्ति नै रहन नसक्ने अवस्थाको सिर्जना भएको पाइन्छ । जाकोमेट्टीका पछिल्लो कालका कलामा मानव आफ्ना मात्र नभएर प्रकृतिको समेत दबाबमा गुज्रिरहेको वस्तुगत तथ्यका अतिरिक्त अस्तित्वको खोजको अलग धार पाइन्छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमा जाकोमेट्टीका मूर्ति रचना र अस्तित्ववादी विचारबिचको तादात्म्यलाई विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन गरिएको छ ।
Analisis Perbandingan Produksi dan Pendapatan Petani Kopi dengan Benih Bersertifikat dan Tidak Bersertifikat di Kecamatan Siborongborong
Authors: Sugiono Nurhabsah Anggraini , Rahmanta Rahmanta , Sibuea Muhammad Buhari , Kuswardani Retna A.
Published: July 2022

Coffee farming has an important role in increasing foreign exchange, expanding employment and increasing farmers' income. Coffee production has not been able to increase, partly because not many farmers have used quality seeds, namely certified seeds. This study aims to determine the differences in production and income of farmers using certified seeds and farmers using uncertified seeds. The research was conducted in Siborongborong District, North Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra Province, as a center for coffee plantations, from February to March 2020 with 60 farmer respondents, consisting of 30 farmers using certified seeds and 30 who did not. The results showed that coffee production using certified seeds was greater than coffee production using uncertified seeds or significantly different, with a difference of 380.77 kg per hectare. The income of coffee farmers using certified seeds is greater than that of coffee farmers using uncertified seeds, with a difference of Rp. 5,611,997 per hectare. There is a significant difference between the income of coffee farmers who use certified seeds and the income of coffee farmers who use uncertified seeds, where the income of coffee farmers with certified seeds is greater. The calculation results show an increase in production of 1.8 times and an increase in income of 3 times with the use of certified seeds.
Pengaruh Kepuasan dan Motivasi Kerja Karyawan terhadap Etos Kerja serta Implikasinya terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pelaksana Pada Kebun dan Pabrik Kelapa Sawit PTPN III
Authors: Cahyadi Yudhi , Lubis Yusniar , Lubis Syaifuddin
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of employee satisfaction and work motivation on work ethic and its implications for the performance of implementing employees at the oil palm plantations and mills of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III. Subjects in this study were employees of PTPN III. The research objects were employee satisfaction, work motivation, work ethic and performance of PTPN III employees. The sample in this study were 310 employees. Data analysis uses path analysis which aims to determine the causal relationship, with the aim of explaining the direct effect and indirect effect of a set of variables, as a causal variable on other variables which are effect variables. The results showed that employee satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on the work ethic of the implementing employees by 15,1%. Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on the work ethic of the implementing employees by 74,8%. The effect of Job Satisfaction (X1) and Work Motivation (X2) on Work Ethics (Y) is 50,1%. Employee Satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on the Performance of Implementing Employees by 6,7%. Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on the Performance of Implementing Employees by 20,8%. Work Ethic has a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance 76,7%. The influence of employee satisfaction, work motivation and work ethic on employee performance is 80.9%. The value of the direct effect of the employee satisfaction variable (x1) on the employee performance variable (z) is smaller than the influence of the employee satisfaction variable (x1) on the employee performance (z) through the work ethic (y), so it can be concluded that the work ethic variable (y) plays a role. as a full mediator because through the y variable, the x1 variable is able to significantly influence the z variable.
Analisis Finansial Pembibitan Kelapa Sawit pada Produsen Benih Di Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Tarigan Eva Elfriani , Akoeb Erwin Nyak , Hasibuan Syahbudin
Published: July 2022

This study aims to examine the costs incurred / production costs in the oil palm nursery business in North Sumatra Province, the revenues received in the oil palm nursery business in North Sumatra Province, the profits received in the oil palm nursery business in North Sumatra Province and and to know the level of efficiency of oil palm seed nurseries. The research was conducted at three seed producers in North Sumatra Province, namely PPKS Medan, PT. PP. Lonsum Indonesia, Tbk and PTPN IV. From the research, it was obtained (a) The production costs of oil palm nursery per seed ready for planting at each company / seed producer PT. PP. Lonsum Indonesia, Tbk. in the amount of Rp. 34,016, PPKS Medan amounting to Rp. 33,716 and PTPN. IV amounting to 34,061; (b) The selling price of palm oil is in the range of Rp. 38,000 - Rp. 42,000; (c) Revenue per seed in the oil palm nursery at PT. PP. Lonsum Indonesia, Tbk. in the amount of Rp. 34,016, PPKS Medan amounting to Rp. 31,493 and PTPN IV in the amount of Rp. 29,265; (d) Net income for oil palm nurseries at PPKS Medan is Rp. 11,398, PTPN IV in the amount of Rp. 7,844 and the smallest PT. PP. Lonsum Indonesia, Tbk. in the amount of Rp. 7,235; (e) Efficiency of oil palm nursery business at PTPN IV 1.60, PPKS Medan 1.30 and PT. PP. Lonsum Indonesia, Tbk. 1.27.
Model Manajemen Strategi CSR dalam Industri Kelapa Sawit Berkelanjutan (PTPN IV Unit Usaha Adolina)
Authors: Tarigan Sidik , Siregar M. Akbar , Siahaan Elisabeth
Published: July 2022

The average CSR development in PTPN-IV Adolina Business Unit has increased every year with a larger budget and realization. This study aims to determine the success factors of CSR which have a significant effect on the sustainability of oil palm companies, the elements that form a sustainable palm oil industry, the effect of good CSR implementation on the sustainability of the palm oil industry, building a CSR-based strategic management model towards the palm oil industry. sustainable. This research method uses descriptive quantitative research methods with a total sample of 102 people. The types of data used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data were collected through a questionnaire measured through a Likert scale and secondary data through documentation studies. The data was processed with SPSS 20.0 for Windows software. Hypothesis testing uses Multiple Regression Analysis. Research to see the effect of corporate commitment, operational standard CSR internalization policies, involving the community on the implementation of CSR in the oil palm sector of PTPN IV Kebun Adolina. The results of this study concluded that company commitment, CSR internalization policies in operational standards and involving local communities, have a significant positive effect on CSR implementation, where the most significant positive effect is first involving local communities, then CSR internalization policies in operational standards and then corporate commitment companies towards the implementation of CSR in the oil palm sector at PTPN IV Kebun Adolina.
Strategi Pengembangan Peternakan Kambing di Kabupaten BatuBara
Authors: Patrizal Patrizal , Hasnudi Hasnudi , Lubis Yusniar
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the formulation of a goat farming business development strategy and alternative strategies for developing a goat farming business in Batubara Regency, which has been implemented from 4 February 2020 to 30 March 2020 in 3 Districts and 9 villages. The number of samples in this study were 85 people consisting of 79 men and 6 women. The sampling technique was stratified random sampling with a large, medium and small category of livestock population. The data analysis method used matrix analysis (IFE), matrix (EFE), and matrix (SWOT). The results showed that the formulation of strategies that can be used in the development of goats is to maintain and maintain the existing growth stabilization (hold and maintain) with priority strategies. increase community motivation to raise goats, increase the availability of infrastructure and livestock health officers. The results of the analysis using the IFE and EFE matrices show that internal factors are classified as strong and breeders are able to take advantage of their strengths to overcome their weaknesses. In addition, strong external factors can avoid threats by taking advantage of existing opportunities.
Pengaruh Keterikatan Kerja, Karakteristik Pekerjaan, dan Karakteristik Individu Terhadap Budaya Organisasi di PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III
Authors: Rozi Fakhrur , Syaifuddin Syaifuddin , Lubis Yusniar
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of Work Engagement, Job Characteristics and Individual Characteristics on Organizational Culture. This research is verificative and descriptive, using descriptive survey methods and explanatory survey methods. The sample was determined by random sampling method as many as 242 executive employees at the office of the director of PTPN III. Data collection through questionnaires. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that partially, work engagement, job characteristics, and individual characteristics had a positive and significant effect on the performance of the implementing employees at the Office of the Director of PTPN III. The highest effect value is the Individual Characteristics variable, meaning that individual characteristics have a more dominant influence on employee performance, with a total influence of 28.5%. Simultaneously, Work Engagement, Job Characteristics and Individual Characteristics have a positive and significant effect on the Implementing Organizational Culture at the Office of the Director of PTPN III.
Analisis Konversi Lahan Perkebunan Karet Rakyat Menjadi Pertanian Ubi Kayu Terhadap Pendapatan Petani Desa Cempedak Lobang Kecamatan Sei Rampah Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai
Authors: Siregar Agus Saputra , Kuswardani Retna Astuti , Rahmanta Rahmanta
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the difference in income between rubber farmers and cassava farmers. To determine the difference in farming efficiency between rubber farmers and cassava farmers, to determine whether there are marketing prospects for cassava versus rubber. This study uses primary data data obtained by using a list of questions that have been prepared. The results showed that the income in rubber farming was Rp. 33,907,379.20 per hectare, while the income from cassava farming is Rp. 39,725,568.13 per hectare. Income from rubber farming is lower than that of cassava farming, with a difference of Rp. 5,818,188.93. The average difference test shows that there is a significant difference between the income of rubber farming and the income of cassava farming, where the income of cassava farming is greater. The R / C value for rubber farming was 5.16, while the R / C value for cassava farming was 8.47, with a difference in feasibility of 3.31. The results of the average difference test on the R / C value show that there is a significant difference between the feasibility of rubber farming and the feasibility of cassava farming, where cassava farming is more efficient. Cassava marketing in the future has a pretty good prospect, because the demand for cassava and its processed products tends to increase, there are many companies that can accommodate cassava products, and the price level of cassava tends to increase every year.
Analisis Pemasaran Jamur Tiram (Pleurotus Ostreatus) Di Desa Bingkat Kecamatan Pegajahan Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai
Authors: Br. Pakpahan Plawer Sekar Arimbi , Lubis Zulkarnain , Saleh Khairul
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the marketing channels and marketing efficiency of oyster mushrooms in Bangkat Village, Pegajahan District, Serdang Bedagai Regency. The research location in Bangkat Village was chosen purposively. The total population of farmers is 20 farmers. The sampling method used is using the snowball sampling method, so the samples taken in this study were 8 farmers, 2 collectors, 2 merchant traders, 2 chrispy mushroom traders and 10 consumers. The total sample in this study was 24 samples. Methods of data collection using questionnaires, interviews and field observations. Data analysis uses marketing margin analysis. The results of this study indicate that there are 3 marketing channels for oyster mushrooms, namely the first channel selling oyster mushrooms to collectors and collectors selling back to mushroom retailers and traders selling to consumers. In the second channel, farmers sell oyster mushrooms to retailers and then traders sell them to consumers. In the third channel, farmers directly sell mushrooms to consumers. The three marketing channels for oyster mushrooms in the research area are efficient.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penerimaan Buruh Pengupas Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) (Studi Kasus: Pasar Sambu, Kecamatan Medan Kota)
Authors: Siregar Mardiyah , Harahap Gustami , Lubis Mitra Musika
Published: July 2022

Shallots are one of the horticultural commodities that are included in the spice vegetables which are used as a complement to cooking spices to add flavor and enjoyment to cooking. Becoming an onion peeler is an alternative job for some housewives around the sambu market. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the job acceptance of onion peeler workers at Sambu Market, Medan Kota District. This research was determined purposively that is determined intentionally. In this study, the number of samples used was 45 shallot peeler workers in Pasar Sambu, Medan District, Pasar Sambu City. The results of the study of the factors that influence the acceptance of shallot peeler workers are working hours and work wages. The variable score of working hours and higher wages has a significant effect on increasing the acceptance of onion peeler workers at Sambu Market, Medan City District. Judging from the acceptance value of shallot peeler workers at Sambu Market, Medan City District, this average income per month reaches Rp. 1,411,111. It can be said that shallot peeler workers have low acceptance. The magnitude of the effect of work experience, working hours, and work wages on the acceptance of shallot peeler workers at Sambu Market, Medan City District, which was measured using R2 was 0.763. This means that the independent variables in this model are able to explain the dependent variable of 76.3%.
ENGARUH SISTEM PEMASARAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN TERHADAP KEUNGGULAN BERSAING DAN INOVASI PADA UKM KULINER KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Claudya Marissa , Suryani Wan , Parulian Tohap
Published: July 2022

This research is motivated by the importance of marketing strategies marketing activities in small and medium-sized businesses to survive in competition between businesses. Researchers want to find out how the influence of the entrepreneurial marketing system that is focused on small and medium enterprises on the formation of innovation and competitive advantage where entrepreneurial marketing plays a role in innovation as well as entrepreneurial marketing on competitive advantage and innovation has a role that affects competitive advantage. The study was conducted on culinary UKM in the city of Medan. This type of research is a survey method with explanatory research. The sample of this study was 80 respondents with a random sampling technique. The analytical method uses PLS-3 (Partial Least Square). The results of this study indicate the first hypothesi there is a significant and positive effect between entrepreneurial marketing and innovation. The second variable hypothesis is entrepreneurship marketing with competitive advantage. The third hypothesis between innovation and competitive advantage.
Brolucizumab – A New Player In The Field Of Anti-VEGF Therapy Of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. A Review
Authors: Šín Martín
Published: July 2022

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been identified as a major promoter of the development of choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. The development of choroidal neovascularization can be slowed by preventing the binding of vascular endothelial growth factor to cellular VEGF receptor-2 present on vascular endothelial cells, which represents the major proangiogenic stimulus. Advances in the development of anti-VEGF therapy have led to significant improvement in visual acuity outcomes in recent years that neovascular age-related macular degeneration can no longer be considered an incurable disease. Despite its many advantages, the current standard of care, which is the frequent application of VEGF blockers to the vitreous, is a significant burden on both the patient and the healthcare system.
This review is aim on a new brolucizumab molecule (also known as RTH 258 or formerly ESBA 1008). The article focuses on the molecular aspects of the drug and an overview of the basic preclinical and clinical studies that were performed during drug development. Brolucizumab is a single chain fragment of a humanized monoclonal antibody with a molecular weight of 26 kDa that inhibits VEGF-A. Preclinical animal studies have shown good penetration of the molecule through the retina with minimal systemic exposure. The SEE study (phase 1/2) demonstrated safety and tolerability after drug administration. The OSPREY (phase 2) study demonstrated the same efficacy of brolucizumab on visual acuity in the 8-week dosing regimen compared to aflibercept. In the same study, patients were also pilot tested in a 12-week dosing regimen. The HAWK and HARRIER studies (phase 3) demonstrated the efficacy of the drug at a dose of 6 mg in a 12-week dosing schedule in 55.6 % and 51 % of patients, respectively.
Comparison of Optical Biometers Argos and IOL MASTER 700
Authors: Románek Jaroslav , Sluková Kateřina
Published: July 2022

Purpose: To compare biometric data obtained by new optical biometer Argos and conventionally used biometer IOL Master 700.

Patients and methods: Retrospective analysis of biometric data of 57 patients (106 eyes) who were examined at TANA Ophthalmology Clinic s.r.o in Olomouc. Measurement of patient was carried out on both devices on the same day by the same optometrist within standard preoperative calculation of intraocular lens before cataract surgery. Evaluated and statistically analysed biometric data were axial length, anterior chamber depth, average keratometry and lens thickness.

Results: Correlation between all compared data was high, with statistical significance p < 0.01. Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement with 95 % limit of agreement. Axial length, average keratometry and lens thickens did not show significant differences (p = 0.941; p = 0.773; p = 0.860). IOL Master 700 showed flatter average keratometry, however the differences were numerically small and insignificant. Anterior chamber depths obtained by Argos were longer, with significance p < 0.05.

Conclusion: Segmental refractive index technology used by Argos caused differences in anterior chamber depths. Overall axial length was however not, in our cohort of patients, by this affected. In general, optical biometers Argos and IOL Master 700 show excellent agreement in measured biometric data.
Lucentis In The Treatment Of Diabetic Macular Edema, Two-Year Results
Authors: Beran David , Stěpanov Alexandr , Dusová Jaroslava , Marák Jan , Studnička Jan , Jirásková Naďa
Published: July 2022

Aim: To evaluate, on the basis of two-year observations, the effectiveness of intravitreal treatment with Ranibizumab in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) unresponsive to the previous laser treatment.

Cohort and Methods: A retrospective study evaluates 29 eyes of 29 patients with diffuse DME unresponsive to their previous laser treatment. The group of the patients consisted of 16 males (55.1%) and 13 females (44.8%); their mean age was 71.3. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 13 years (3–20). 19 patients (65.5%) were treated with insulin, 10 patients (34.4%) were treated with peroral antidiabetics (PAD); the mean HbA1c value was 52 mmol/l. The treatment was started with 3 initial doses of intravitreal injections of Ranibizumab 0.5 mg. There was a one-month interval between the applications. Subsequent evaluations and administrations of the following injections were made in the pro re nata (PRN) mode; the check-ups were carried out every month during the first year and on average every 3 months in the second year. The monitored parameters: the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measured on ETRDS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) optotypes, the central retinal thickness (CRT). These parameters were monitored prior to the treatment and then in the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, 18th and 24th months.

Results: A statistically significant improvement in the mean value of BCVA was detected. From the initial 65.4 ±10.61 letters it improved by 11.2 letters (p <0.05) at the end of the two-year observations, when the improvement of BCVA by min six letters (compared to the initial VA) was achieved in 19 eyes (65.5%), stabilization (±5 letters) was detected in 7 eyes (24.1%) and worsening (by more than five letters) occurred in 3 eyes (10.3%). The mean CRT value declined after 2 years from the initial 450.5 ±139.3 μm by 89.5 µm (p = 0,006). The decline in CRT was significant in comparison with the baseline values (the mean of 450.45 µm) in 4 out of the 6 monitored intervals. The mean number of Ranibizumab injections was 5.45 ±1.8 during the first year of treatment, and 3.18 ±1.27 injections in the second year.

Conclusions: Intravitreal Ranibizumab injections reduce CRT and improve BCVA in patients with DME who did not show any improvement after laser treatment. The best effect was documented after the three initial applications of Ranibizumab and then at the end of the monitoring period. In two-year time period we detected CRT decline in 79.3% of the patients and BCVA improvement (by 15.3 letters on average) in 65.5% of the patients.
Influence Of Pregnancy On Neuromyelitis Optica From An Ophthalmological Point Of View. A Case Report
Authors: Aslan Fatih , Çimşir Meral Tuğba , Öktem Ece Özdemir
Published: July 2022

Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO, Devic’s disease) is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, leading to optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. The clinical course of the disease and ocular changes in pregnancy are still not well known. Here we present the subclinical ophthalmological changes which were evaluated by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) during the 39 weeks’ gestation and postpartum period in a pregnant woman with a diagnosis of NMO. In addition, we present the obstetric and neurological course of our patient and review the literature. A 30-year-old female with a history of NMO was ophthalmologically examined and SD-OCT was performed periodically every trimester to observe the effects of pregnancy on the disease course. No ophthalmological changes were observed during the pregnancy and postpartum period. Caesarean delivery was preferred due to obstetric indication. The patient was discharged on the second day of the postpartum period.
Population Parameters of Shortfin scad Decapterus macrosoma (Bleeker, 1851) in Antique, Philippines
Authors: Magallanes Sagrado , Monteclaro Harold , Gonzales Benjamin , Quinitio Gerald , Mediodia Dominique
Published: July 2022

Growth, mortality, exploitation rate, and recruitment of Decapterus macrosoma in the waters off Antique province, Philippines, were investigated based on the length-frequency data collected from April 2019 until March 2020. Using the FISAT-II software, D. macrosoma growth parameters were computed as follows: L∞ = 26.18 cm TL, K = 1.00 yr-1, ø' = 2.836 yr-1, and an estimated life span of 3 years. Mortality values were estimated as: total mortality (Z) = 4.66 yr-1; natural mortality (M) = 1.88 yr-1; and fishing mortality (F) = 2.78 yr-1. The exploitation rate (E) was computed as 0.60 while Emax was 0.42 yr-1. The length at first capture Lc/L50 was estimated at 11.96 cm TL. There were two recruitment events in one year: July and December. D. macrosoma in Antique was growing isometrically and in good condition with the relative condition factor (Kn) values ranging from 0.99 to 3.39. The computed exploitation rate suggested that D. macrosoma faces a high level of exploitation in Antique waters. These results offer valuable information on the utilization, conservation, and management of D. macrosoma in the East Sulu Sea area.
Educational influence of knowledge of the masked presence of alcohol on Instagram on behavior change
Authors: Bermejo-Berros Jesús
Published: July 2022

The push strategy of anti-alcohol campaigns targeting young people, both in traditional media and on social media, has shown a limited capacity to contribute to the development of healthy behaviors. Even when young people know about the harmful effects of alcohol, they develop reactance attitudes, self-affirmation reactions, defensive responses, and neutralization of the persuasive attempts of institutional messages. It is necessary to seek new educational communication strategies that are effective in modifying behaviors favorable to alcohol consumption among young people. The aim of this research is to implement an educational method that favors this change toward healthy behaviors. On the basis of the Instagram campaign “Like my addiction,” 124 young people (age: M = 23.6 years, SD = 2.8 years) participated for 3 weeks in three phases to test whether the presence of alcohol on Instagram had an impact on their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors, as well as the effectiveness of the educational method tested. Half of the subjects followed a process of becoming aware of the presence of alcohol in this Instagram campaign and then participated in an interactive process of discussion according to the critical–dialogical educational method. The results show that this educational method is effective. Subjects in the control group who did not follow the method did not modify their behavior on Instagram. In contrast, the experimental group became aware of the masked presence of alcohol on Instagram. These subjects exhibit self-persuasion that makes them modify their activity favorably between the pre-test and post-test phase as they change their attitudes and behaviors toward alcohol. The results show that the critical–dialogical formative method can be favorably applied to implement campaigns and educational actions to fight alcohol addiction among young people.
Księgi i rejestry parafialne w Kodeksie prawa kanonicznego i w przepisach wybranych konferencji episkopatów
Authors: Adamczyk ks. Jerzy
Published: July 2022

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie zagadnienia ksiąg i rejestrów parafialnych w Kodeksie prawa kanonicznego i w przepisach konferencji episkopatów. W jego pierwszej części przedstawiono normy Kodeksu prawa kanonicznego z 1983 r. o księgach i rejestrach parafialnych. W drugiej części ukazano kwestię prowadzenia i przechowywania księgi bierzmowania, natomiast część trzecia została poświęcona przepisom konferencji episkopatów w sprawie ksiąg i rejestrów parafialnych. Całość artykułu zamykają podsumowanie i bibliografia.
Archiwum Salezjańskie Inspektorii Warszawskiej – dzieje zasobu
Authors: Pietrzykowski SDB Jan
Published: July 2022

Archiwum Salezjańskie Inspektorii Warszawskiej zawsze znajdowało się w siedzibie zarządu inspektorii (Oświęcim 1919-1922; Warszawa-Powiśle 1923-1944; Łódź, ul. Wodna 1945-1978, ul. Kopcińskiego 1978-1986; Warszawa-Praga 1986-) i początkowo opiekę nad nim sprawował ksiądz sekretarz inspektorialny. Praktycznie jako archiwum bieżące było ono związane z sekretariatem i przeznaczone zasadniczo do użytku wewnętrznego. O archiwum historycznym można mówić dopiero w latach 60. ubiegłego wieku, kiedy do tego zadania w 1967 roku został oddelegowany ks. Czesław Madej. Podczas pacyfikacji przez Niemców dzielnicy Powiśle w Warszawie we wrześniu 1944 roku archiwum zostało spalone. Z ocalałych resztek i materiałów archiwalnych znajdujących się w placówkach salezjańskich odtworzono w części zasób archiwalny. Za właściwego organizatora archiwum uważa się ks. Andrzeja Świdę, który w latach 1972-1995 gromadził, porządkował i systematyzował poszczególne archiwalia. Zebrane akta i dokumenty umieścił w zespołach i podzespołach, uszeregowanych na wzór Salezjańskiego Archiwum Centralnego w Rzymie. W trzech sąsiadujących ze sobą pomieszczeniach (zbiory muzyczne, pracownia, magazyn główny) znajduje się też podręczna biblioteka zawierająca podstawowe czasopisma, słowniki, schematyzmy, książki o tematyce salezjańskiej, publikacje salezjanów drukowane i w maszynopisach oraz maszynopisy prac doktorskich i magisterskich.
Klisze pamięci. Labirynty Mariana Kołodzieja w Centrum św. Maksymiliana w Harmężach i anonimowe szkice przechowywane w zasobach Muzeum Gross-Rosen jako dokumenty czasu zagłady
Authors: Sadzikowska Lucyna , Giełdoń-Paszek Aleksandra
Published: July 2022

W dolnej kondygnacji kościoła Matki Bożej Niepokalanej w Harmężach, wchodzącego w skład Centrum św. Maksymiliana, zainstalowana została ekspozycja zatytułowana Klisze pamięci. Labirynty. Jest to wystawa rysunków Mariana Kołodzieja, byłego więźnia KL Auschwitz. W Archiwum Muzeum Gross-Rosen przechowywany jest zbiór szkiców anonimowego twórcy, najprawdopodobniej więźnia obozu koncentracyjnego, dotychczas niepublikowany w oryginalnej formie z aparatem naukowym. Autorki artykułu zestawiają poszczególne kompozycje rysunkowe M. Kołodzieja oraz anonimowe rysunki zachowane w archiwum Muzeum Gross-Rosen. Uwypuklając niezaprzeczalną wartość artystyczną rysunków, podkreślono ich wartość jako świadectwa. Zarówno Klisze pamięci. Labirynty, jak i poddane analizie rysunki z Gross-Rosen, które Henryk Motowilczuk przekazał w 2007 roku Archiwum Muzeum Gross-Rosen w Rogoźnicy (sygn. 11022/DP), mają wartość dokumentu i wzbogacają studia drugowojenne. Podstawą artykułu, w którym zastosowano metodę case study, stało się siedem kompozycji sytuacyjnych, narysowanych po dwie, cztery i pojedyncza na trzech kartkach papieru pakunkowego, a także ekspozycja rysunków M. Kołodzieja, więźnia oznaczonego numerem 432. Tekst jest próbą syntetycznego przedstawienia z perspektywy historyka sztuki i literaturoznawcy świadectw – kompozycji rysunków stworzonej po bez mała pięćdziesięciu latach milczenia na temat przeżyć lagrowych M. Kołodzieja oraz dokumentu życia obozowego ujętego z perspektywy indywidualnej, odnalezionego za ramą obrazu po prawie sześćdziesięciu latach od wyzwolenia lagru. Artykuł porusza zagadnienie związane z kwestią analogiczności rysunku do rzeczywistości, a także dotyka istoty każdego szkicu z osobna i nakreśla podejmowane przez rysownika strategie.
Archiwum parafii wałeckiej. Inwentarz
Authors: Ceynowa ks. Tadeusz
Published: July 2022

W artykule zaprezentowano zachowane archiwalia katolickiej parafii pw. św. Mikołaja w Wałczu. Miasto zostało lokowane na początku XIV wieku. W tym samym czasie ufundowano pierwszy kościół. Parafia wałecka do reformacji przynależała do archidiakonatu zanoteckiego w diecezji poznańskiej. Na początku XVII wieku zwrócono kościół katolikom, a parafia weszła w skład nowo powstałego dekanatu czarnkowskiego. W 1772 roku ziemię wałecką włączono do państwa pruskiego. Od momentu reaktywowania dekanatu wałeckiego pod koniec XVIII wieku wchodzi nieprzerwanie w jego skład, mimo zmieniających się realiów polityczno-kościelnych. Do Polski Wałecczyzna powróciła w 1945 roku. Zachowane przedwojenne archiwalia parafii pw. św. Mikołaja przekazano do Archiwum Diecezji Koszalińsko-Kołobrzeskiej w Koszalinie. Tam je opracowano i zinwentaryzowano, podzielono na serie, nadając nowe sygnatury (1-327). Bogaty materiał historyczny może posłużyć do bardziej pogłębionych specjalistycznych badań.
Caracterización epidemiológica del zika en mujeres atendidas en el distrito 09D01 de Guayaquil.
Authors: Real-Cotto Jhony Joe , Ochoa-Andrade Aurora , Maridueña-Silva Helen , Pacheco– Vila Lourdes Carolina , Vizueta-Méndez Ricardo , Sánchez-Haz Néstor Neil
Published: July 2022

Introducción. El virus del Zika es un flavivirus que es transmitido por mosquitos principalmente del género Aedes. Aproximadamente el 80 % de las personas infectadas no presenta síntomas. Objetivo. Caracterizarepidemiológicamente la enfermedad del Zika, en mujeres atendidas en el distrito 09D01 durante enero a junio del 2017. Metodología. Fue de diseño no experimental, descriptivo, analítica de corte transversal en mujeres atendidas en la consulta externa. Resultados. Se obtuvo el grupo mayormente afectado de 30 - 39 años con 30,41 %, 20 - 29 años con 29,90%, entre otros; pero en las embarazadas, fue el grupo etario de 20 – 29 años con 47,42 %, seguido del 30 – 39 años de edad con 40,21 %, entre otros. En el caso de las no embarazadas se observó en edades de 0 a 9 años, 10 a 19 años y en más de 50 años. En cuanto a las embarazadas, mayormente fueron en el segundo trimestre con 48,44 %. Los resultados de laboratorio dio positivo el 98,97 % de los casos con PCR y nexo epidemiológico 1,03 %; siendo el Hospital Materno Infantil y Centro de Salud N.° 3 de mayor detección. Conclusiones. El comportamiento de la enfermedad del Zika influye en las mujeres atendidas en el distrito 09D01, presentándose a cualquier edad y especialmente en las mujeres embarazadas en el segundo trimestre de gestación; con características sintomáticas variables. Por lo tanto, es significativo anotar que se debe continuar observando el debutar clínico en el futuro próximo, pero sigue siendo importante y de confianza el diagnóstico molecular para su confirmación.
Evolución de pacientes con adenoma hipofisario después de resección quirúrgica vía transesfenoidal en Hospital Teodoro Maldonado
Authors: Castañeda Judy , Mora Henin , Torres Larry , Criollo Jefferson , Sola Juan , Cedeño Wilmer
Published: July 2022

Los adenomas hipofisarios son tumores cerebrales benignos considerados como el tercer grupo de lesiones intracraneales en frecuencia tras los meningiomas y los gliomas. El tratamiento de esta patología puede ser clínico o quirúrgico, dependiendo del tipo de tumor. El tratamiento quirúrgico puede ser realizado por dos vías: transcraneal o transesfenoidal, la misma que puede ser por abordajesublabial, transeptal o transnasal con uso de microscopio o endoscopio. Los resultados posquirúrgicos son objetivables a través de la revisión de historias clínicas para valorar sintomatología, niveles hormonales prequirúrgicos y posquirúrgicos, complicaciones para evidenciar los resultados de esta técnica. Objetivos: Determinar los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico por vía transesfenoidal utilizando abordaje transnasal endoscópico y transeptal microscópico en pacientes con adenomas hipofisarios. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, observacional, en el que se analizan 25pacientes, que fueron hospitalizados para intervención neuroquirúrgica en el periodo comprendido entre enero 2014 a junio 2016 del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo. Resultados: Se analizaron 25 pacientes que fueron intervenidos por adenoma hipofisario por vía transesfenoidal, de los cuales 14 fueron mujeres y 11 varones. El rango de edad estuvo comprendido entre 13 y 79 años, con una media de 50 años. Según la clasificación por su tamaño, 3 pacientes presentaron microadenoma y 22 macroadenoma; 7 pacientes con adenoma hipofisario funcionante y 18 pacientes con adenoma hipofisario no funcionante. El 60% de pacientes tuvo mejoría en la visión. En los adenomas hipofisarios funcionantes los niveles hormonales disminuyeron en 6 pacientes y en 1 paciente incrementó. Las complicaciones posquirúrgicas se presentaron en 6 pacientes, que representan un 24 % de pacientes; 2 presentaron fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo, 2 pacientes empeoraron su sintomatología visual, 1 paciente desarrolló diabetes insípida y 1 paciente falleció en el posquirúrgico mediato. Conclusiones: El procedimiento transesfenoidal sea transeptal micróscopica o transnasal endoscópica son abordajeseficaces para el tratamiento quirúrgico de los pacientes con adenoma hipofisario.
Resultados neurológicos en pacientes con diagnóstico de tumores raquídeos intradurales extramedulares
Authors: Torres Larry , Mora Henin , Castañeda Judy , Criollo Jefferson , Sola Juan , Cedeño Wilmer
Published: July 2022

Se presentan a continuación los resultados neurológicos de 10 pacientes con diagnóstico de tumor intramedular extradural que fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el periodo enero 2015 a junio 2017. Se encontraron ocho hombres (80 %) y dos mujeres (20 %) con un promedio de edad de 44,4 años. El periodo de seguimiento posoperatorio fue de seis meses. La clínica neurológica, localización axial y sagital de los tumores, resultados histopatológicos fueron analizados. Los resultados neurológicos encontrados en el preoperatorio y en el periodo posoperatorio a los seis meses de seguimiento fueron evaluados de acuerdo con la clasificación ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association); y, el Score de Rankin modificado. Los resultados histopatológicos fueron los siguientes: cuatro casos (40 %) de schwannoma, tres casos (30 %) de meningioma, un caso (10 %) de plasmocitoma, un caso (10 %) de ependimoma y un caso (10 %) de metástasis de otros tumores. Se presentaron complicaciones en el 20 % de casos: un caso (10 %) de infección de herida quirúrgica; y, otro caso (10 %) de fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo. En el 70 % de casos, al seguimiento seis meses luego de la cirugía se encontró mejoría en la clínica neurológica; y, en 30 % de los casos no hubo cambios neurológicos. Al valorar la Escala de Rankin modificada se encontró que tres pacientes (30 %) se recuperaron completamente, evolucionando desde un grado 2 (incapacidad leve) a un grado 1 (sin incapacidad); por otro lado, cuatro casos (40 %) mejoraron su grado de incapacidad funcional; y, tres casos (30 %) no mostraron cambios en cuanto a su incapacidad funcional, es decir, sin variaciones en su clínica neurológica. Podemos concluir que el diagnóstico oportuno y el tratamiento precoz mejoran la morbilidad y el grado de discapacidad, puesto que, ante un mayor déficit neurológico menor es el resultado pronóstico neurológico. Los resultados dependerán, por lo tanto, del momento oportuno de la intervención quirúrgica raquídea descompresiva.
Estudio de Casos de Leishmaniasis Cutánea Registrados en un Hospital Público en Portoviejo, Ecuador.
Authors: Robles U María , Silva Jaime , Jiménez Andrea , Márquez Ricardo , CarrilloPincay Joffre
Published: July 2022

La leishmaniasis cutánea (LC) es una zoonosis endémica y un problema de salud pública en el Ecuador. En los últimos años, Manabí, es la provincia más incidente de Leishmania como consecuencia de los desastres naturales ocurridos y la migración de locales a las áreas rurales. El objetivo del estudio es determinar los aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos de la Leishmania. El estudio de casos de datos secundarios, reclutó 4 pacientes registrados en el hospital regional de Portoviejo en Manabí, en el 2017. La determinación clínica (características de las lesiones) y epidemiológica de la leishmaniasis, así como el diagnóstico complementario de las muestras (polo benigno) con frotis directo fueron evaluados. La determinación taxonómica de Leishmania no se prescribe en entidades públicas gubernamentales. El análisis descriptivo se realizó en M. Excel, determinándose la LC en el 100% (N=4)de las mujeres, de entre 1 a 43 años, 3 (75%) de ellas <16 años. Solo 1 (25%) paciente acudió a la  consulta hospitalaria por las lesiones dérmicas mientras que el resto [n=3 (75%)], fueron determinadas como un hallazgo fortuito durante la hospitalización por otras entidades clínicas emergentes. El 25%(n=1) de ellas, recibió tratamiento hospitalario con glucantime, mientras que el 75% (n=3) de ellas fueron derivados a hospitales de segundo nivel. La necesidad urgente de capitación del equipo médicode la atención primaria es inherente para la identificación oportuna de Leishmaniasis comunitaria para mejorar la supervisión epidemiológica de la zoonosis. Aún existen reportes clínicos diagnósticos erróneos sobre las lesiones dérmicas, sin considerar los aspectos epidemiológicos y de laboratorio que  pueden ayudar a determinar LC.
Análisis genético de la resistencia a isoniacida en cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Authors: Nicola-Salas Eva , Morey-León Gabriel , Villacís-Alvarado Ninoska , Sánchez Chóez Javier
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Analizar genéticamente la resistencia a Isoniacida en cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis mediante PCR-RFLP de la región S315T del gen katG. Materiales y métodos: El estudio se realizó a partir de cultivos positivos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis receptados en el Centro de Referencia Nacional de Micobacterias, durante el período 2013 – 2014. El ADN extraído fue cuantificado y evaluada su pureza, por espectrofotometría. Para determinar el polimorfismo en la región 315 del gen katG a partir de un producto de amplificación de 630 pb se realizó digestiones con las enzimas de restricción MspI y SatI.Resultados: Del total de 498 cepas analizadas, 215 cepas presentaron características fenotípicas de resistencia a isoniacida (32,6 % monorresistencia, 19,5 % MDR y 47,9 % polirresistencia), 283 cepas eransensibles. 251 cepas correspondieron a pacientes vírgenes al tratamiento (VT); 174 fueron pacientes antes tratados (AT) y 73 fueron pacientes se encontraban con tratamiento (CT). La mayoría de los casos provenía de la provincia del Guayas (77,2%) La PCR-RFLP-SatI presentó alto porcentaje de sensibilidad (98,6 %) y especificidad (98,2 %), mientras que con la enzima MspI el porcentaje de sensibilidad fue 88,8 % y 7,4 % de especificidad. Conclusión: La PCR-RFLP-SatI demostró ser específica y económica para la detección de resistencia a isoniacida, proporcionando resultados de forma rápida, la aplicación deesta técnica como apoyo para el diagnóstico permitiría al paciente acceder a un tratamiento más oportuno.
Bullying entre adolescentes, una problemática creciente.
Authors: Paredes-Lascano Patricia , Toapanta Yugcha Iván , Bravo-Paredes Alejandro
Published: July 2022

El bullying en la actualidad es un verdadero problema de salud creciente que ha ganado espacio, pero sin embargo es poco denunciado, a pesar de existir leyes en el Ecuador que lo estipulan como delito; la forma de maltrato en la actualidad se ha intensificado debido a la utilización de redes sociales y discriminación de clase. En Ambato, en una unidad educativa privada, se realizó el presente estudio transversal descriptivo en jóvenes de 13 a 18 años de edad, mediante la aplicación de una encuesta, y los resultados mostraron que el 49 % de adolescentes admite ser acosado, identificándose a la provocación, el maltrato verbal como formas frecuentes de intimidación, seguido del maltrato físico y psicológico; el lugar donde se produce el mayor número de intimidaciones es fuera de la unidad educativa y en ausencia del docente; el adolescente intimidado en alto porcentaje no comparte su problema, lo que hace que esta modalidad de intimidación no sea resuelta de forma inmediata y no se tome el correctivo necesario, tanto para el acosador como para el intimidado, lo cual en el futuro traerá graves consecuencias, dentro de las cuales se pueden citar trastornos psicológicos, de conducta, bajo rendimiento escolar, distimia y en el peor de los casos llegar a autolisis. Por todo aquello es necesario realizar campañas de concienciación dirigidas a docentes, padres de familia y estudiantes, con el fin de detectar y corregir a tiempo esta problemática social, evitando consecuencias fatales.