bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1928 – Trajectory Of Pet Health / Mental Health / Crack Famema: Experience Report
Authors: Sartori N.R. , Jesus A.R. , Hiromoto E.E.S. , Neves Barbosa R.W. , Tegana C. , Mansano N.D.S. , Ramos A.C.R. , Cardoso M.F. , Martins J.O.
Published: July 2013

The “Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho - PET” (Education through Work Program) is one of the intersectoral actions designed to strengthen strategic areas of the “Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS” (Unified Health System) in Brazil. This program's goal is to prepare undergraduates to real local necessities so they will be fully prepared professionals when they graduate. Brazilian Ministry of Health has funded 80 PETs nationwide, focusing alcohol, crack and other drugs issues. Each PET team had a tutor, mentors and students, all of them receiving scholarships. The program lasted one year (with the possibility of being extended for one more). FAMEMA - Medicine School of Marília, was one of the 80 institutions selected nationwide for the development of this program. The program consists of weekly meetings, tutorial-based learning, study questions, discussions, analytical summaries, field practice and literature. All knowledge acquired during tutorial activity allowed students and mentors to approach the drugs topic, learn the related national policies and know local, Brazilian and global realities. From this experience several scientific searches were developed such as the “Waiting Room Program” at the Psychosocial Care Center - Alcohol and Drugs. As patients tend to be more spontaneous while waiting in a non-therapeutic room they could reveal service flaws such as inefficient reception, bond, patient-therapist relationship. The Waiting Room Project aims to turn downtime into a moment of awareness, acceptance, strengthen ties and improve treatment adherence. We emphasize that the project was discussed between service professionals and they are responsible for its implementation.
1930 – Acute Psychosis And The First Days Of Care. Concepts And Pilot Studies Of The “crisis Dialogue”
Authors: Widakowich C. , Graz B.
Published: July 2013

Objective

To assess the teaching of a method, the “Crisis Dialogue” (CD), designed to improve the therapeutic relationship during the first days of care for acute psychosis - hence the outcome. The “Crisis Dialogue” is fundamentally different from usual “empathetic” speech in that it provides tools meant to help de-construct the delirium. The underlying theory is induced from patients’descriptions of the onset of the psychotic crisis and uses the concepts of generalised concern, dys-mimetism and undifferentiation of the self. This dense and precise verbal technique requires 3 minutes of the consultation time and is meant to complement usual work in emergency psychiatry.

Method

CD was taught to all health professionals of 3 emergency psychiatry wards and assessed in an exploratory multiple study (n = 105 patients) including case series, “before-and-after” comparisons and a pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Results

In the case series, no adverse reaction was reported and most clinicians expressed satisfaction with CD use. In the “before-and-after” study, duration of hospital stay after CD implementation was shorter (median 46 days) than before (61 days)(p = 0.01). In the RCT, all measured indicators were equal to or better with CD, most significant with the model including Working Alliance Inventory, Difficult Doctor- Patient Relationship and patient perception of reassurance (p=0.02).

Conclusion

In this pilot study, the CD appears as a promising aid for the establishment of a good therapeutic relationship in the first days of care for acute psychotic patients. It may also have a positive impact on patient progress.
1933 – Violence And Victimisation Among Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Vevera J. , Černý M. , Kučíková R.
Published: July 2013

Aims/objectives

To examine the prevalence of violent behavior, victimisation and its consequences among people receiving in-patient treatment for schizophrenia and control group.

Methods

Data on violent behavior and victimization, sexual and physical abuse in childhood, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and substance abuse were obtained from adult in-patients with psychotic disorders and from their collaterals. A total of 167 patients (57.5% men and 42.5% women) participated. Control group was recruited from Department of Stomatology (n = 211).

Results

Violent behaviour during preceding 6 months was higher in men (34%) and women (34%) patients compared to controls (13%, resp. 15%) (p < 0,01). Victimisation was higher in women patients (39%) compared to controls (26%) (p < 0,05). There were not significant difference in male patients (30%) and controls (24%).

Any form of sexual abuse was more frequent in women patients (39%) compared to controls (20%) (p < 0,01).

Comorbidity of schizophrenia and PTSD was detected in 7% of men and 14% of women. There were not significant difference in male patients (0%) and controls (24%). While PTSD was more frequently (p < 0,05) detected in women (11%) then in men control (3%), the difference was not significant in patients (7% of men, 14% of women).

Conclusion

Patients with psychotic disorders are often victims of violent attacks. Gender does not differ in aggressive behavior, but plays role in victimisation. Victimisation and its impacts (e.g PTSD) among patient with schizophrenia are underreported and consequently not properly treated.
1942 – Correlation Betweeen Defense Mechanisms And Mmpi-2 Profiles In Patients With Depressive Disorders
Authors: Burkiewicz A. , Sumila A. , Buczny J. , Bartosinska A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

A review of published studies shows that depressive disorders are correlated with specific defense patterns which may underlie particular personality trials. High comorbidity among depressive and personality conditions is a consistent but not well-understood finding.

Objectives

We assessed the relations between defense mechanisms and MMPI-2 profiles used by depressive patients.

Aims

The aim of the present study was to investigate how depressive disorders are related to the use of specific defenses and how it is corelated with particular MMPI-2 scales.

Methods

Authors examinated a sample of 50 adult outpatients aged 21 to 55 diagnosed with depressive disorders according to DSM-IV. The Bond Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) was used to assess defense styles. Patients were also examined with MMPI-2.

Results

Depressive disorder patients scored higher for the immature defense styles. Increased scores in psychopatological scales in MMPI-2 were positively related to the immature, neurotic and particular narcistic, and negatively to the mature defense mechanisms.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that interpretation of defense styles and particular MMPI-2 scales is useful for the psychological and personological diagnosis to direct psychological assistance. These findings could lead to the development of specific psychotherapeutic interventions.
1949 – Implicit Learning Of Cue-picture Association With Neutral And Emotional Faces In Patients With Depression And Healthy Controls
Authors: Mnatsakanian E.V. , Antipova O.S. , Krukov V.V. , Krasnov V.N.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Knowledge on the brain mechanisms of psychopathology is extremely important for successful treatment of patients. Depression is a group of disorders with varied origins and complex and yet unclear neurobiology.

Objectives

Depressed patients show attentional bias to emotional (especially negative) stimuli. Automatic (implicit) emotional processing in such patients may differ compared to non-depressed controls.

Aims

We aimed at studying the EEG-correlates of implicit learning with emotional stimuli in patients with depression.

Methods

128-channel EEG was recorded in healthy volunteers (12 female and 7 male) and depressed patients (12 female and 7 male), while they performed categorization of pictures as human or animal photographs. Half of the photographs were neutral and half were showing aggressive people or animals. The pictures were preceded by the cue (simple abstract pattern, one for each picture category), which meaning was not explained to the participants. We analyzed visual response to the cue and the CNV recorded during the picture anticipation period (duration was 2s).

Results

All participants reported that they did not notice cue-picture association. Unlike the healthy controls, our patients showed strong CNV differences in the right anterior area: larger negativity for the emotional face condition versus the neutral faces.

Conclusions

Although our participants were contingency unaware, the cue-picture association was established in our patient group: certain simple neutral pattern was associated with neutral or emotional (aversive) faces, eliciting different CNV during real face anticipation. This may underlie the impairment in depressed patients leading to their fixation on negative emotions.
1954 – Intervention Group In Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: a Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Lusilla P. , Castellano-Tejedor C. , Barnola-Serra E. , Ramos Rodon C. , Biedermann-Villagra T. , Torrent-Bertran M.L. , Costa-Requena G. , Camprubí-Roca L. , Palacios-González A. , Cuxart-Fina A. , Ginés-Puertas A. , Bosch-Graupera A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Non-specific chronic low back pain is one of common causes of disability and a recurrent medical complaint with high costs. From rehabilitative medicine, physiotherapy programs and general postural recommendations are offered. Although this treatment is aimed to reduce disability, severity of pain and anxiety-depressive symptoms, many patients report partial improvements and recurrence of pain. Therefore, a new approach to treat this pathology with a broaden focus on psychososocial issues that might modulate pain and its evolution is required.

Aims and hypothesis

To assess the effectiveness of two complementary interventions to physiotherapy, such as relaxation techniques (specifically, sophrology) and cognitive behavioral intervention. It is hypothesized that intervention groups will significantly improve their adherence to physiotherapy and will gain control over their pain. Ultimately, this will foster better quality of life.

Methods

Longitudinal design with pre-post intervention measures and follow-up appointments (at 6 and 12 months) carried out in a sample of 66 participants. The sample will be divided into three groups: control (physiotherapy), intervention group 1 (physiotherapy & sophrology) and intervention group 2 (physiotherapy & cognitive behavioral intervention). In all groups biomedical aspects regarding type, evolution and characterization of pain as well as several psychosocial factors will be assessed.

Results

Preliminary results are expected by December 2013.

Implications

If hypotheses are confirmed, we will be able to provide empirical evidences to justify a multidisciplinary care model for chronic low back pain, which will favor a significant cost reduction in terms of health care and human suffering.
1972 – Imipramine Induced Acute Dystonia In a Child With Enuresis Nocturna: a Case Report
Authors: Beyazyüz M. , Albayrak Y.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Enuresis Nocturna has a very high prevalence in the preschool populationand the prevalence slowly reduces during childhood such that only 1-2% ofadults continue to experience the problem. Imipramine which is a tricyclic antidepressant is widely used in treatment of nocturnal enuresis (1).

Case

B. L. 8-year-old boy was assessed in our outpatient clinic and he had severe torticollis. In history, he had been diagnosed as enuresisnocturna by a child psychiatrist and had given imipramine 10 mg/day for treatment. After three days initiating imipramine 10 mg/day, he had severe muscular spasm on his neck. He had no psychiatric and neurological history.Physical examination, vital signs, serum chemistries, blood counts were withinnormal limits. Biperiden 5 mg administered intramusculary and after 45 minutestorticollis was resolved and he was refered to child psychiatry for the treatment of enuresis nocturna.

Discussion

In literature there are a few cases that are reporting imipramine induced dystonia.The mechanism of dystonia induced by imipramine is elusive but possibly involves complex interactions of dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine and norepinephrine between cortical structures and basal ganglia (2). Since imipramine is administrated widely in child population; the prescribers should be aware of this rare side effect.
1979 – Cognitive Subtypes In Non-affected Siblings Of Patients With Schizophrenia: Characteristics And Profile Congruency With Affected Family Member
Authors: Quee P.J. , Alizadeh B.Z. , Aleman A. , van den Heuvel E.R. ,   GROUP Investigators
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Although cognitive subtypes have been suggested in schizophrenia patients, similar analyses have not been carried out in their unaffected siblings. Subtype classification may provide more insight into genetically driven variation in cognitive function.

Objectives/aims

To investigate cognitive subtypes in siblings.

Methods

Cluster analyses were performed in 654 unaffected siblings, on a cognitive battery that included tests of attention, intellectual function, and episodic memory. Resulting subtypes in the siblings were analyzed for cognitive, demographical, and clinical characteristics and compared with that of their proband.

Results

Three sibling subtypes of cognitive function were distinguished: ‘normal’, ‘mixed’, and ‘impaired’. Normal profile siblings (n= 192) were unimpaired on cognitive tests, in contrast to their proband (n= 184). Mixed profile siblings (n= 228) and their probands (n= 222) had a more similar performance pattern. Impaired profile siblings had poorer functional outcomes (n= 234), and their profile was almost identical to that of their proband (n= 223). Probands with cognitively impaired siblings could be distinguished from other schizophrenia patients by their own cognitive performance. They also had poorer clinical characteristics, including achievement of symptomatic remission.

Conclusions

Unaffected siblings of patients with schizophrenia are heterogeneous with respect to cognitive function. The poorer the cognitive profile of the sibling, the higher the level of correspondence with the proband. The sibling's cognitive subtype was predictive for disease course in the proband. Distinguishing cognitive subtypes of unaffected siblings may be of relevance for genetic studies.
1986 – Depression, Anxiety And The Risk Of Permanent Disability And Mortality In The Working Population In Germany: a Cohort Study
Authors: Wedegaertner F. , Geyer S. , te Wildt B. , Lee W.E.
Published: July 2013

Background

Absenteeism from work and inpatient treatment are well defined events in the course of any illness and may be indicators for the need of an intervention. The aim of this study was to estimate of the influence of these events on later permanent disability and death in a working population when caused by anxiety and/or depression.

Methods

Data of 128,001 members of a health insurance with a observation period of 6.4 years were used. Excess risks were calculated for patients suffering from anxiety, depression or both using Cox's proportional hazard models adjusted for age, gender, education and job classification.

Results

Patients who received outpatient treatment had higher rates of permanent disability (hazard ratio (HR) 1.48 (Confidence interval 1.30, 1.69) for depression, 1.25 (1.07, 1.45) for anxiety) but lower premature mortality (HR 0.80(0.62, 1.03), 0.53(0.38, 0.73)) than controls. Inpatient treatment and co-morbidity were associated with further raised rates of permanent disability. Depressed inpatients also had higher premature mortality (HR 2.50(1.80, 3.48)).

Conclusions

The study shows a dose-responsive relationship between depression, anxiety, comorbidity and need for hospital treatment. It was was unexpected that some exposures seem to reduce mortality risk. Life style may partly explain this effect. However, these patients are subject to many other exposures, into which more research is needed to get a better understanding of the phenomenon.
1995 – Impact Of Childhood Sexual Abuse On Adult Sexual Orientation In a Group Of Saudi Males
Authors: Alhamad A.M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Homosexuality may be misunderstood by some psychiatrists if childhood history is not fully explored.

Objectives

To determine the sexual orientation effects that may result due to childhood sexual abuse in Saudi males.

Aims

To explore whether childhood sexual abuse in Saudi males will change their adult sexual orientation and its psychodynamic understanding.

Methods

53 saudi males referred to psychotherapy clinic because of homosexuality were assessed using standard psychiatric clinical interview and followed up for psychodynamic psychotherapy for at least 2 years.

Results

53 Saudi males aged (17–31) years were found to be abused sexually before the age of 10 years.39 (74%) were abused by relatives and others whereas14 (26%) were abused by non- relatives. 46(87%) had full sexual intercourse and for2–5 times but only 19(35.8%) the abuse continued for at least one year .On examination, none of them was found to be homosexual, but 36 (67.9%) were bisexual. As anal intercourse with wife is religiously forbidden, all married 27 (50.9%) had marital problems due to their sexual preference to anal intercourse.

Conclusions

In reserved and closed culture as in Saudi Araibia, sexual abuse of children especially males may be prevalent and especially by relatives. Childhood sexual abuse may affect sexual orientation in adulthood to be bisexual. This may be due to behavioral modification or impulsivity as a deep ingrained revenge by the victims as a redirection of aggression towards males or wives by anal intercourse.
2001 – Spirituality And Religion In 21st Century Mental Health: a Glance At Current Schools Of Views And Opinions
Authors: Kumar S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Religion and Spirituality have a close relationship with mental health throughout human history. However in the 21st century, post-modern world their roles has attracted attention and debate in the context of clinical practice.

Aims

The aim of the presentation is to reflect on the understanding of spirituality and religion in the post-modern world with their relevance to mental health and to explore the current opinions and views in their clinical application.

Objectives

To present the two conflicting school of views in their clinical use.To identify training needs in psychiatric curriculum with respect to the above.

Method

A comprehensive literature search on the subject of Spirituality and Religion in mental health was carried out. Different schools of opinions were identified and their positives and negatives was analysed. A questionnaire was compiled to highlight the important areas of conflicts in clinical practice (useful religious practices, boundaries, self-disclosure, etc) A survey was sent out online via the surveymonkey website. The results were collated and analysed for trends.

Conclusions

It is only intuitive to link mental health with Spirituality and Religion. However it is crucial to identify the spiritual and religious beliefs of the patient and use it effectively in their care plan.

Clinician to be aware of his own prejudices and how this might affect his practices.

It is important to separate from Religion and Spirituality, though overlapping, they are diverse and unique to every individual.

To differentiate clinical practice and research evidence. Clearer guidance and better training advocated for practice.
2002 – The Use Of Agomelatine In Population Of Depressive Elderly Patients
Authors: Godan B.J. , Jonovska S. , Kulenović F. , Filipčić I.
Published: July 2013

Background

According to WHO data it is expected that by 2030 depression will become the most common disease of mankind. As of fairly recent a time, began the use of agomelatine as an antidepressant, a drug which operates through different mechanisms than the pharmaceuticals used before. However, the effects of agomelatine on the elderly patients is still not well researched. On the other hand, the demographics of Europe show that the percentage of elderly population will be increasing.

Material and methods

Within this clinical study, we examine the effect of a 25-50 mg per day dose admited to persons over 65 years of age. The examinees all suffer from depresive disorders the efect on which is the primary subject of this study, regardless of other physical and psychological comorbidities. Exclusion criteria for participation in the study include liver disease (elevated serum transaminases) and combination with CYP1A2 inhibitor drugs. The study included fifty patients who are monitored over a course of six weeks. The following measuring instruments are used in the study: HAM-D17, GDS-30, Beck D. Q, SHAPS scale, PSQIand the Elderly's Quality of Life Questionnaire. Each participant is tested twith the battery of questionaires listed above prior to admission into the study, and once again after six weeks of agomelatine teraphy.

Results

The study is currently in progress, so there are no deffinitive results as of yet.

Conclusion

Is the agomelatine an efficient antidepressant treatment in elderly patients.
2004 – Perfectionism And Insomnia In Pregnancy
Authors: Bos S.C. , Marques M. , Maia B. , Pereira A.T. , Soares M.J. , Valente J. , Azevedo M.H. , Macedo A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Socially prescribed perfectionism has been associated with long-term sleep disturbances (Azevedo et al., 2010).

Objective

To investigate the association between perfectionism dimensions and insomnia in pregnancy.

Methods

581 pregnant women, mean age 29.8 years (SD=4.5), average weeks of gestation 32.6 (SD=3.5), mostly married (75%) and nulliparae (64%) participated in the study. The multidimensional perfectionism scale (Hewitt and Flett, 1991; Soares et al., 2003) was used to assess total levels of perfectionism, self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and dimensions of socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP): others high expectations (OHE) and conditional acceptance (CA) (Macedo et al., 2009). Insomnia symptoms and related daytime impairment were assessed with an insomnia questionnaire (Marques et al., 2011). Objective estimations of sleep were obtained through actigraphy in a small group (n=60).

Results

In comparison to good sleepers, insomniacs showed higher levels of SPP (M=53.4, SD=13.0 versus M=49.6, SD=12.3, p< .05) and SPP-CA (M=19.6, SD=6.1, versus M=18.0, SD=5.5, p< .05). Women with difficulties initiating sleep reported higher levels of SPP-CA than good sleepers. Analyses of actigraphy revealed that SPP-CA was associated with less sleep time (r=-.45, p< .05), less sleep efficiency (r= -.34, p< .05), more time awake during sleep (r= .43, p< .05) and more mean activity asleep (r= .38, p< .05).

Conclusion

Conditional acceptance is the SPP perfectionism sub-dimension particularly associated with self-reported insomnia and sleep alterations measured objectively with actigraphy in pregnancy.

Financial support

Portuguese foundation for science and technology (POCI/SAU-ESP/57068/2004).
2006 – Brief Dynamic Psychotherapy “an Integrative Approach”
Authors: Dobea A.
Published: July 2013

In this trial, a new technique of dynamic psychotherapy has been adopted which constitutes of 5-8 weekly sessions followed by 2-4 monthly sessions as booster doses. The primary focus of this therapy is on the main complaint (or problem) as cited by the patient and uncovering of the deep (buried) emotions that underlie it. Further stages of this therapy are going step by step through the dynamic interpretation of such emotions and the accompanied defense mechanisms. Theoretical basis of this brief dynamic psychotherapy is rooted in the analytic & psychodynamic theories. A key challenge towards the success of therapy is the establishment of therapeutic alliance within the first two sessions. Being that short or brief is result of a technique of avoiding defenses with a declaration and rounding about these defenses.

Brief scenario of the psychotherapeutic sessions for 5 patients will be presented and discussed.
2014 – The Role Of Adenylyl Cyclase 8 In Stress Response
Authors: Cosma N. , Almeida O. , Patchev A. ,   Neuroadaptations Group Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry
Published: July 2013

Adelylyl cyclase 8(AC8) is a brain specific cyclase activated only by calcium. Therefore its activity has been associated with plasticity process underlying learning and memory. AC8 knockout(KO) mice show impaired stress-induced anxiety. Here we try to find whether AC8 is involved in hypothalamus-hypophysis-axis(HPA) regulation and if it influences intracellular signaling of gluccocorticoids in the hippocampus.

First, serum samples were harvest from 8 AC8 KO and 8 wild type(WT) mice at basal, eve, 30 and 120 minutes after stress and at sacrifice with subsequent measuring of corticosterone levels. Second, glucocorticoid receptor(GR), vasopressin(AVP) and corticotrophin releasing hormone(CRH) mRNA expression levels were measured in accumbens nucleus(Acb), periventricular nucleus(PVN), supraoptic nucleus(SON), amygdala and hippocampus. Finally, GR and phosphorilated-GR levels were measured in hippocampus by western blot technique.

There was no difference in corticosterone levels between the two groups, regardless of harvesting time (p > 0.05). Also, we found no difference between AVP mRNA levels in PVN or SON (p > 0.05). However, AC8KO mice tend to have lower CRH levels in amygdala and lower GR levels in the hippocampus (p < 0.05). More, AC8KO mice have higher phosphorilated-GR levels in hippocampus in comparison with WT (p = 0.01).

Our data shoes that AC8 does not play a part in HPA regulation. However, it alters the expression levels and phosphorilation patterns of GR in the hippocampus, which can explain the impaired learned anxiety behavior. Since anxiety-impaired stress response is one of few outcomes of AC8 KO phenotype, we imply that this cyclase might represent a potential target for specific antianxiety drugs.
2023 – Prevalence Of Minors Mental Disorders In San Francisco Do Conde City, Bahia
Authors: Andrade-Mascimento M. , West L.E.M. , Santos V.D.C. , Brito J.S. , de Araújo E.A. , Santos A.B.S. , Martins D.F. , Mendes J.L.B. , Nascimento Sobrinho C.L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Minors Mental Disorders (MDM) is a term created to describe symptoms such as insomnia, fatigue, irritability, forgetfulness, difficulty concentrating, and somatic complaints.

Objectives/aims

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of MDM in São Francisco do Conde (SFC), Bahia.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study by randomly selecting 456 individuals aged over 18 years, registered at the Family Health Program of CFS. The data were collected through home visits in the period from October to December 2010. The subjects answered a questionnaire containing the “Self-Report Questionnaire” (SRQ-20), the demographics and lifestyles. The SRQ-20 is composed of 20 questions, four about physical symptoms and sixteen on psycho emotional symptoms. The answers are “yes” or “no” and attributed, respectively, values of “1” and “0”. The cutoff suggested for identifying DPM was seven or more positive responses. The project was approved by a Research Ethics Committee registered the CONEP.

Results

The results showed a prevalence of 37.7% of MDM. Among males the prevalence was 17.6% and in females was 47.5%, this result was statistically significant.

Conclusions

The results showed a high prevalence of psychological distress in this population, especially among females. The results stimulate the continuity of the actions of health surveillance carried out in the city.
2042 – Association Of Methylation Status And Snp Variation Of Bdnf And Suicide
Authors: Videtič Paska A. , Zupanc T. , Komel R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Suicide is complex, multifactorial phenomenon, and is an outcome of interplay of environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which mediates neural plasticity, different behaviours, and stress response has been associated with stressful life events or childhood adversity in depression and suicidal behaviour in various psychopathologies, and it may as well modulate antidepressant response.

Methods

We genotyped 600 subjects, suicide victims and controls, for polymorphism Val66Met (rs6265), and performed methylation analysis on 44 subjects. Different subgroups were formed to test impact of specific variables (violent and nonviolent methods, psychiatric disorders, suicide in victims with/without stressful childhood experience) on suicide and genetic component.

Results

The frequency of the combined Met/Met and Met/Val genotypes and the homozygous Val/Val genotype was significantly different between female suicide victims and controls, between female suicide victims who used violent suicide methods and controls, and between all included suicide victims with or without stressful life events. Postmortem brain samples from suicide subjects showed a statistically significant increase of DNA methylation at specific CpG sites in promoter/exon IV compared with controls. Higher methylation degree corresponded to lower mRNA levels. BDNF promoter/exon IV was frequently hypermethylated in postmortem brain of suicide subjects irrespective of genome-wide methylation levels, indicating that a gene-specific increase in DNA methylation could cause or contribute to the downregulation of BDNF expression in suicide subjects.

Conclusions

DNA variation and methylation stauts of the BDNF could be very importnant prognistic factors for increased vulnerability to suicidal behaviour, and therefore significant target of future studies.
2051 – Community Treatment Order Experience And Implications In a Socially Deprived Inner City London Borough
Authors: Giordano V. , Paramel A. , Gupta S.
Published: July 2013

Mental Health care in the community has changed significantly over the last few decades following the closure of asylums and the development of community mental health care.

Legislation in most countries has failed to keep pace with the changes.

The repeated relapses and long hospital stays come at a both personal as well as a public cot.

Both ACT model and the CTOs have failed to have consistent benefits internationally. The AOTs have struggled to justify their existence in the UK, while CTOs are new and lacks support of its use from existing international research.

CTOs are aimed at the psychiatric patient population caught in a revolving door situation. This patients group tend to relapse due non-adherence and disengagement once discharged leading to further re-admissions.

We would like to present the findings from an AOT in an inner London borough that has modified the ACT model to suit the UK mental health care system, and has in recent years used CTOs successfully in reducing the impact on hospitalization and bed-usage. We will also present data on health care benefits of these patients, and the cost-benefits.

Our research is a retrospective analizes that aims to compare pre-CTO versus current CTO period on three main outcomes:

1.

Bed Occupancy

2.

Admission rates

3.

Health of the Nation (HoNOS) scores.

We feel that this can be a useful learning experience for many of Europe's large cities that have similar health care systems and face similar challenges.
2077 – Preliminary Validation Study Of a Portuguese Version Of The Patient Health Questionnaire (phq-9)
Authors: Monteiro S. , Torres A. , Pereira A. , Albuquerque E. , Morgadinho R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Depression is one of the most common health issues impacting the university student population. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a short measure that has the potential to serve as a dual-purpose instrument that establishes depressive disorder diagnoses as well as grades the depressive symptom severity.

Objectives

The current study was designed to study the psychometric properties of a Portuguese version of the PHQ-9 in a sample of university students.

Aims

Specifically, we examined the internal reability and convergent validity of the measure.

Methods

The English language of the PHQ-9 was translated into Portuguese. The process involved back-translation, crosscultural adaptation, field testing of the pre-final version, as well as final adjustments. A sample of university students completed the PHQ-9, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

Results

Complete data were obtained from 1241 participants. The mean age of the participants was 23.81 years (SD = 4.87) and 75.3% of them were females. The mean PHQ-9 score was 4.15 (SD = 4.05). The Portuguese version of the PHQ-9 had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86) and showed moderate convergent validity with the HADS anxiety (r = 0.61; p < 0.01) and HADS depression (r = 0.59; p < 0.01), and strong convergent validity with the BDI (r = 0.85; p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The PHQ-9 has good psychometric properties amongst Portuguese university students. Implications for using the measure as an assessment instrument in the university setting are discussed.
2078 – Relationship Between Olfactory Function And Social Cognition In Euthymic Bipolar Patients
Authors: Lahera G. , Ruiz-Murugarren S. , Fernández-Liria A. , Buck B. , Penn D.
Published: July 2013

Background

Individuals with bipolar disorder show consistent deficits in olfactory ability and have also shown deficits in social cognition.

Aims/objectives

To explore the relationship between olfactory ability and social cognition, especially facial emotion perception, in bipolar disorder.

Methods

Thirty-nine euthymic outpatients meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for bipolar disorder and a sample of 39 healthy volunteers matched on demographic criteria were recruited. Both groups were assessed at one time point with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), the Emotion Recognition Test, the Faux Pas Recognition Test, as well as measures of general cognition (Asarnow's Span of Apprehension Test, Wisconsin Sort Card Test) and general functioning (GAF, FAST).

Results

Bipolar patients achieved significant lower scores on both capacity for olfactory discrimination (p = 0.02) and recognition of facial emotions (p = 0.03), compared to healthy controls. A significant correlation between the capacity for smell identification (UPSIT) and the recognition of facial expressions (FACE test) was found (p = 0.001). Analyses revealed significant relationships between olfactory identification and facial emotion recognition, theory of mind, general cognition, and functioning. Controlling for age and cigarettes smoked, relationships remained significant between olfactory function and facial emotion recognition. Regression models showed a trend level association between olfactory function and facial emotion recognition above and beyond the influence of age, cigarette smoking, and general cognition.

Conclusions

There is a deficit of olfactory identification in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder that is correlated with a deficit in non-verbal measure of social cognition.
2091 – Brain Activation In Patients With Schizophrenia During Psychological Stress
Authors: Castro M.N. , Villarreal M.F. , Deschle N. , Binder F. , Jáuregui I.O. , Costanzo E.Y. , de Achával D. , Bär K.-J. , Guinjoan S.M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

It is commonly accepted that in most patients with schizophrenia external factors act on genetic predisposition to produce active psychotic symptoms. It is known that patients with schizophrenia have an abnormal peripheral autonomic response to psychological stress. We sought to characterize the brain activity patterns of such response in these patients.

Methods

We studied the pattern of brain activation in response to a mental arithmetic stress paradigm in 14 patients and 14 healthy subjects aged 18 to 50 years, using 3T-fMRI. A period of 6 minutes of resting state acquisition were followed by a block design with three 1-minute CONTROL task (one digit sum), 1 minute STRESS task (two digit substraction) and 1 minute rest after task. Data were analyzed with SPM and SPSS software.

Results

While controls showed bilateral activation of hippocampi, parahippocampi, insulae, amygdalae, anterior cinguli and basal ganglia during mental stress, patients displayed less left hemisphere activation, specifically in insula, orbitofrontal cortex and frontal cortex, along with activation of pons. Moreover, patients did not show activation of hippocampi, parahippocampi and amygdalae.

After stress healthy subjects recovered its basal pattern. However, patients showed sustained activation of right posterior cingulum and temporal pole, along with bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, frontal cortex, precuneus, cuneus and angular gyrus for the observation period.

Conclusions

Present results suggest that abnormal activation of limbic structures underlies extensively documented peripheral autonomic abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia. Abnormal fronto-temporal connectivity may be the pathophysiological link for these results.
2103 – Cognitive Adaptation Training In An Assertive Community Treatment Setting For Outpatients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Hansen J.P. , Østergaard B. , Nordentoft M. , Hounsgaard L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Cognitive Adaptation Training Cognitive Adaptation Training (CAT) is a treatment that circumvents cognitive impairments by rearranging the environment to support, prompt and sequence appropriate behaviours. CAT has shown promising results, including improved social functioning. As yet, no reports have appeared on the use of CAT in combination with Assertive Community Treatment (ACT).

Aim

To evaluate the effect of CAT in comparison with ACT, focusing on social functions (primary outcome), symptoms, readmission, and quality of life of outpatients with schizophrenia.

Objectives

To conduct a randomised clinical trial to test the effect of CAT compared to ACT on primary and secondary outcome.

Methods

From January 2009 to September 2010, 62 patients from three early intervention centres (where ACT was a principal part of the treatment) were enrolled in a randomised clinical trial. The effect of CAT was assessed at six and nine months.

Results

The results indicated no significant difference between intervention group and control group at six and nine months for any outcome. The results indicated no significant difference on primary outcome GAF-F at six months (p= 0.32) or nine months (p= 0.34).

Conclusions

The results from this trial differ from previous CAT trials; this is the first trial without significant results in comparison with treatment as usual. However, the low number of patients in the trial may have resulted in accepting a false null hypothesis, giving a type II error. Further studies are needed to determine if some elements from CAT can make ACT more economically effective.
2122 – Autistic Preschoolers: a Teacch Based Model For Early Behavioral Intervention In School Setting
Authors: Abou-Hatab M.F. , Zahran M.H. , Abbas Z.M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

TEACCH program (Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication Handicapped Children) represents a model for management of five major autistic behavioral problems:

(1)

Self abuse,

(2)

Aggression,

(3)

Disruptive behaviors,

(4)

Repetitive Behaviors,

(5)

Other behavioral deficits.

Objective

Present study introduces TEACCH based model for behavioral intervention of autistic preschoolers in school setting.

Aim

Studying effectiveness of usage of (TEACCH) program in decreasing commonly experienced behavioral disorders among autistic preschool children according to Parent/Teacher assessment and follow up.

Methods

5 autistic children aged (2-6) years (4 boys and 1 girl) were selected according to the study inclusion criteria and legal guardian consent. They were subjected to psychiatric assessment (psychiatric interview sheet and DSM IV criteria for autistic disorder), psychological assessment using:

(1)

Childhood Autism Rating Scale” (CARS)(2000) (Arabic version),

(2)

Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale(2004)(Arabic version), as well as

(3)

Autistic Behavioral Checklist for preschool children and

(4)

Disordered Behavior Intervention Program (3 and 4 were made by researchers).

Study subjects were assessed by their mothers and teachers for their behavioral problems. Pre- intervention assessment were arranged for each child and commonly experienced behaviors both at home and school as regard both severity and frequency were listed for intervention. Mother/Teacher Post-intervention and follow up assessment were also arranged for each child.

Results

Both Pre/post and Post /follow up assessment and comparison were statistically significant both for mother and teacher ratings. Behavioral problems were significantly decreased using TEACCH model for behavioral intervention of disordered behaviors among study subjects.

Conclusion

Early identification, Individualized intervention and follow up of significant behavioral problems using study model helps reducing them.
2129 – Abnormal Functional Connectivity Of Amygdala In Late Onset Depression Was Associated With Cognitive Deficits, But Not With Depressive Severity
Authors: Yue Y. , Yuan Y. , Hou Z. , Jiang W. , Bai F. , Zhang Z.
Published: July 2013

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with abnormal functional connectivity (FC) of amygdala and decreased function of cortico-limibic circuit, which play important roles in the pathogenesis of MDD. However, little is known about the connectivity alterations in late-onset depression (LOD), and whether such disrupted function is correlated with cognitive impairment is unclear.

Methods

A total of twenty-three LOD patients and thirty-seven controls underwent neuropsychological tests and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI). Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and FC of bilateral amygdala seed were used to analyze blood oxygen level-dependent fMRI data between groups.

Results

Compared to controls, LOD groups showed weaker functional activity in bilateral middle frontal gyrus and left medial orbitofrontal gyrus, moreover, the decreased ReHo was positively correlated with Trail making test-B score (TMTB, r= 0.462,P= 0.04). In aspects of FC, left amygdala has reduced FC with right fusiform gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus and right putamen, while right amygdala has reduced FC with left cerebellum. Further correlative analysis found that the decreased FC between amygdala and right putamen was positively correlated with Verbal fluency test-verb score (VFT-verb, r= 0.513,P= 0.021) and the decreased FC between amygdala and superior temporal gyrus was positively correlated with Auditory Verbal Memory Test-delayed recall score (AVLT-delayed recall, r= 0.446,P= 0.049).

Conclusions

Our finding of reduced activation of prefrontal gyrus as well as decreased connection of bilateral amygdala may be key factors of impaired cognitive function in LOD patients and these changes could be early indicator for cognitive deficits.
2138 – Psychiatric Comorbidity And Mortality In Women With Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Kask J. , Ekselius L. , Brandt L. , Ekbom A. , Papadopoulos F.C.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a serious psychiatric disorder associated with high mortality.

Aims

To examine mortality patterns in patients with anorexia nervosa and psychiatric comorbidity.

Methods

6009 women who received in-patient treatment for AN between 1973-2003 were followed up retrospectively using Swedish registers. SMR were calculated on the basis of 74 523 person-years for natural causes of death and 80 388 personyears for unnatural causes of death. SMR was calculated for the group as a whole but also for patients with comorbid inpatient-treated psychiatric disorders, defined by respective ICD-codes from the Swedish patient discharge register.

Results

Nearly half of the patients (44.9%) received in-patient treatment for a psychiatric disorder other than AN during the follow-up time. The overall SMR for anorexia nervosa with psychiatric comorbidity was 6.5 (95% CI: 5.2–7.9) for natural causes and 17.6 (95% CI:14.3–21.4) for unnatural causes of death. Comorbid psychiatric disorders yielded very high SMR for unnatural causes of death. The highest SMR for natural causes was estimated for anorexia nervosa with comorbid alcohol use disorder (16.8; 95% CI: 11.7–23.3).

Conclusion

Anorexia nervosa is a disorder with high mortality for natural and unnatural causes of death, especially when psychiatric comorbidity is involved. To correctly diagnose psychiatric comorbidity, particularly alcohol use disorder, and initiate early treatment could be a way to decrease mortality.
2143 – Alcoholic Beverages Abuse Of War Veterans During And After The Bosnia-herzegovina 1992–1995 War
Authors: Pavlović S. , Hasanović M. , Kravić-Prelić N. , Pajević I.
Published: July 2013

Aim

To assess alcohol abuse severity of soldiers who suffer from Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) during the Bosnia- Herzegovina 1992-1995 war.

Methods

A stratified sample was composed of 4 war veterans groups: (A- who asked for psychiatry help during the war, n = 51; B- who continued psychiatry treatment and after the war, n = 51; C- who did not ask for psychiatry help at all, n = 62; Dindustry workers who were not involved in war activities, n = 50). We used DSM IV trauma questionnaire; questionnaire for alcohol dependency self-assessment.

Results

During the war, 45.4% participants in A, 40.0% in B, 32.8% in C and 14.0% in D group, drunk alcohol more often than before war, while 20.8% of participants in A, 25.5% in B, 27.9% in C and 54.1% in D group drunk alcohol less than before war. Ten months after the war, 58.0% of participants in A, 31.6% in B, 20.0% in C and 20,0% in D group drunk alcohol more than usual, while 18.0% of veterans in A, 36.8% in B, 38.3% in C group and 37,8% workers in D group drunk alcohol less than usual. Upon departure to execute of combat missions to front lines war veterans from A group and B group drunk alcohol beverages significantly more than usual (51.7% and 40,5% respectively).

Conclusion

War veterans who bear traumatic experiences with difficulties, with more severe symptoms of PTSD were significantly more consumed alcoholic beverages during the war and the execution of combat missions.
2154 – Risk Factors For Suicide Among Drug Dependent Individuals
Authors: Razvodovsky Y.E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Suicide is a major global social and public health problem. Drug abuse is considered a significant risk factor for suicidal behavior. Research evidence suggests that some drug addicts may be more likely to engage in suicidal behavior.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of drug-dependent individuals who committed suicide.

Methods

The social and demographic profiles of drug-dependent individuals who committed suicide in Belarus between 1995 and 2010 were investigated.

Results

The use of illicit drugs has increased dramatically during last two decades in Belarus. Suicide is the fifth leading cause of death among drug-dependent population in this country. 92 suicide cases (84 males, mean age 34.9 ± 1.2 and 8 females, mean age 35.6 ± 1.4) among drug addicts in Belarus from 1995 to 2010 were registered. 92.4% of suicide victims used opiates. 53.3% of drug addicts had a criminal record. The majority of suicide victims (68%) suffered comorbid disorders. The most common disorders were viral hepatitis (30%), HIV (20%) and alcohol dependence (18%). 95.7% of drug addicts have committed suicide by hanging.

Conclusions

A number of risk factors for suicide such as opiates use, comorbid disorders and criminal activity among drugdependent individuals have been identified. It is important to identify those individuals with drug dependence that might be at particularly high risk for suicide.