bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kangbainian Lotion Ameliorates Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Mice by Inhibiting the Growth of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans and the Dectin-1 Signaling Pathway Activation
Authors: Chen Zewei , Luo Tengshuo , Huang Fengke , Yang Fuzhen , Luo Wenting , Chen Guanfeng , Cao Mengfei , Wang Fengyun , Zhang Jun
Published: January 2022

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infectious disease caused by Candida species, which affects millions of women worldwide every year. The resistance to available antifungal drugs for clinical treatment is a growing problem. The treatment of refractory VVC caused by azole-resistant Candida is still facing challenges. However, research on new antifungal drugs is progressing slowly. Although a lot of reports on new antifungal drugs, only three new antifungal drugs (Isavuconazole, ibrexafungerp, and rezafungin) and two new formulations of posaconazole were marketed over the last decade. Chinese botanical medicine has advantages in the treatment of drug-resistant VVC, such as outstanding curative effects and low adverse reactions, which can improve patients’ comfort and adherence to therapy. Kangbainian lotion (KBN), a Chinese botanical formulation, has achieved very good clinical effects in the treatment of VVC. In this study, we investigated the antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects of KBN at different doses in fluconazole-resistant (FLC-resistant) VVC model mice. We further studied the antifungal mechanism of KBN against FLC-resistant Candida albicans (C. albicans) and the anti-inflammatory mechanism correlated with the Dectin-1 signaling pathway. In vivo and in vitro results showed that KBN had strong antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects in FLC-resistant VVC, such as inhibiting the growth of C. albicans and vaginal inflammation. Further studies showed that KBN inhibited the biofilm and hypha formation, reduced adhesion, inhibited ergosterol synthesis and the expression of ergosterol synthesis-related genes ERG11, and reduced the expression of drug-resistant efflux pump genes MDR1 and CDR2 of FLC-resistant C. albicans in vitro. In addition, in vivo results showed that KBN reduced the expression of inflammatory factor proteins TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in vaginal tissues, and inhibited the expression of proteins related to the Dectin-1 signaling pathway. In conclusion, our study revealed that KBN could ameliorate vaginal inflammation in VVC mice caused by FLC-resistance C. albicans. This effect may be related to inhibiting the growth of FLC-resistance C. albicans and Dectin-1 signaling pathway activation.
Estimation of Applicability of Soil Model for Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Plantations in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China
Authors: Ling Zhen , Shi Zhengtao , Gu Shixiang , He Guangxiong , Liu Xinyou , Wang Tao , Zhu Weiwei , Gao Li
Published: January 2022

Soil water content (SWC) plays a vital role in the process of evapotranspiration (ET) in rubber plantations. To investigate the influence of the ET process on soil water balance in rubber plantations, we measured SWC at depths of 10, 20, 30, 40, 70, 100, 130 cm, measured the characteristics of root density distribution, and estimated the ET and deep percolation at a rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna using the Hydrus-1D model. Our results indicate the Hydrus-1D model can accurate simulate soil water dynamics in the 0–130 cm of rubber plantations with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient (NSE) was 0.80–0.96, the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) was 0.05–0.02, and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (R) was 0.82–0.97. Obviously, there were seasonal variation characteristics in soil moisture changes in the rubber plantations of Xishuangbanna. The soil water storage (SWS) dropped to its lowest value of 194 mm and reached its maximum value of 504 mm from the dry season to the rainy season. The simulated ET of the rubber plantation was 1166.1 mm. The large uptake and utilization of soil water by rubber plantations in the dry season affects or exacerbates seasonal drought in Xishuangbanna and leads to a shortage of regional water resources.
Trasformazioni urbanistiche in Sicilia alle origini della Provincia. Riflessioni sul ruolo di Roma
Authors: Campagna Lorenzo
Published: January 2022

Gli impianti urbani regolari della Sicilia proto-ellenistica hanno attirato da tempo l’attenzione degli studiosi, ma le incertezze sulla cronologia che ancora sussistono in molti casi hanno determinato interpretazioni discordanti del loro contesto storico e culturale. In passato tali interpretazioni sono state spesso guidate prevalentemente da considerazioni formali e metrologiche. Una rinnovata attenzione ai dati stratigrafici disponibili ha di recente portato a stabilire, almeno per alcuni casi (Tindari, Solunto, Finziade), una datazione successiva alla metà del III secolo a. C., nelle fasi iniziali dell’organizzazione della Provincia Sicilia. In tutti e tre i casi, inoltre, la pianificazione a maglia regolare dello spazio urbano si sovrappone ad un abitato precedente, con evidenti modifiche nel regime delle proprietà. Occorre dunque avviare una riflessione sulle implicazioni sociali ed economiche connesse a queste trasformazioni, come pure sugli attori politici coinvolti, valutando il ruolo giocato in tali processi da Roma.
Bipolar Complex Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Al-Husban Abdallah
Published: January 2022

The primary motivation behind this paper is to present a brief overview of the bipolar complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets (in short BCIFS) which is an extension of bipolar intuitionistic fuzzy set theory.
Foucault’s Concept of History and New Historicism: Points of Convergence
Authors: Faysal Yasif Ahmad , Rahman Md. Mijanur
Published: January 2022

This paper attempts to explore the impact of Michael Foucault's theoretical understanding of history on New Historicism, a literary school that developed in North America in the later part of the twentieth century. While Foucault is known throughout academia for his extraordinarily wide range of interests, this paper aims only to focus on his radical perspective on history and to show how that perspective is linked in vital way to the development of new historicist strategies, highly innovative in themselves, that seriously challenge, if not redefine, the traditional humanist interpretation of literature. Attempt therefore has been made in this paper to examine how Foucault’s 'epistemic break' and 'archeological' model of history as a 'discontinuity' remain as important points of reference for the new historicist interpretation of textuality, authorship, theatre and culture at large. While discussing new historicism, this paper largely draws upon the opinions of Greenblatt and Montrose, two pioneering theorists of this school.
Permasalahan Proses Pembelajaran Kimia Secara Daring Pada Peserta Didik Di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Arni Sukrawati , Sa'diyah Khalimatus , Murtiningsih Siti
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengenali dan memperoleh gambaran tentang permasalahan pembelajaran kimia secara daring. Khususnya pembelajaran kimia yang dilaksanakan di MAN Kota Batu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian diskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa lembar angket. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik MAN Kota Batu. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan yang terjadi antara lain: pertama, peserta didik merasa kesulitan dalam memahami topik pembelajaran yang disampaikan oleh guru. Kedua, peserta didik merasa tidak bersemangat untuk belajar. Ketiga, peserta didik tidak menguasai topik pembelajaran kimia dasar Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut: pertama, kreativitas guru dalam mengemas konsep pembelajaran kimia sangat diharapkan peserta didik yang memiliki akses internet dan alat pendukung pembelajaran daring yang mencakup aspek kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor sehingga pembelajaran daring berjalan dengan baik. Kedua, guru diharapkan mengupayakan kesesuaian penggunakan metode pembelajaran dengan topik yang akan dibahas. Dengan demikian materi yang disampaikan oleh guru maupun yang dipelajari secara mandiri oleh peserta didik dapat dikuasai dan dimengerti. Kemudian peserta didik  akan bersemangat untuk belajar walaupun dilakukan secara daring.
Optimalisasi Penanganan Pemuatan LPG Nusa Bright
Authors: Pujiningsih  , Rudiana  , Antoni Agus
Published: January 2022

Saat melakukan praktik laut, peneliti menemukan adanya masalah saat kapal akan melakukan proses bongkar muat LPG . Dalam proses persiapan bongkar muat gas di kapal dituntut pelaksanaanya secara professional, sehingga kapal tidak mengalami penundaan dan keterlambatan dalam kegiatan bongkar muat di terminal muat maupun terminal tujuan sehingga kapal tidak delay serta menghindari tuntutan akibat keterlambatan dari pemilik muatan dan pencharter yang membuat biaya operasinal kapal semakin mahal. Karena ketidakmampuan ABK dalam melakukan persiapan ketika melakukan bongkar muat yang akan membuat terjadinya keterlamabatn dan membuat bongkar muat semakin lama. Oleh karena itu di butuhkan perisapan ketika melakukan bongkar muat agar supaya pelaksanaanya lebih cepat dan aman.
Analisis Terjadinya Transport Loss pada Muatan Grissik Mix Crude Oil di atas Kapal MT. Success Altair XLII Guna Kelancaran Proses Pemuatan
Authors: Suhartini  , Fausil  , Trimayono Achmad Aji
Published: January 2022

Pada proses pengangkutan dan pemuatan terdapat peraturan dan prosedur yang diterbitkan oleh pihak pencharter dan harus dilaksanakan oleh pihak kapal. Peraturan dan prosedur tersebut harus dilaksanakan dengan baik oleh pihak kapal guna menghindari klaim dari pihak pencarter untuk menunjang kelancaran dan keselamatan dari proses pemuatan. Transport Loss lebih diperhatikan dibandingkan dengan selisih muatan pada proses pemuatan dan proses bongkar. Dikarenakan terdapat kecurigaan pencurian muatan dan penghilangan muatan secara sengaja. Maka jika ditemukan penyusutan muatan selama transportasi pihak pencarter akan menerbitkan klaim R2. Klaim ini ditujukan kepada pihak kantor, dan pihak kantor wajib membayar ganti rugi yang ditentukan oleh pihak pencarter. Berdasarkan pengalaman penulis pada saat melakukan praktik laut di atas kapal MT. Success Altair XLII terdapat penyusutan yang besar saat memuat Grissik Mix Crude Oil. Kapal mengalami penundaan masuk alur Sungai Musi dikarenakan adanya kabut asap, sehingga terdapat pengaturan ulang jadwal kapal. Lamanya waktu tunggu dapat menyebabkan penyusutan muatan semakin besar dikarenakan sifat muatan yang mudah menyusut ditambah lamanya waktu tunggu.
Meningkatkan Perawatan Cargo Oil Pump Turbine Untuk Kelancaran Kegiatan Bongkar Muatan Di MT. SC Warrior L
Authors: Siregar Pande I. , Habli M. Hasan , Hidayat Arif , Fahri Ahmad Miftahul
Published: January 2022

Saat melakukan penelitian, performa pompa kargo sangatlah penting, tentunya dengan dukungan dari pesawat bantu tergantung dengan perawatan yang baik. Cargo Oil Pump Turbine sebagai pengubah energi potensial menjadi energi mekanik dan juga penggerak pompa kargo. peneliti menemukan adanya masalah pada cargo oil pump turbine. Kejadian yang saya alami selama praktek, ketika kergo operasi discharge pompa mengalami RPM hunting sehingga putaran tidak maksimal. Setelah diperiksa ternyata terjadi kerusakan pada turbine blade dan juga kebocoran pada vacuum condenser.
Pengaruh Pelayanan Jasa Clearance Terhadap Berthing Time Kapal Yang Diageni Oleh PT. Transuta Lintas Samudera Cabang Merak
Authors: M. Yusuf  , Iman Nurul , Noviandra Luviana
Published: January 2022

Transuta Lintas Samudera Cabang Merak merupakan perusahaan pelayaran yang bergerak dalam bidang pelayanan jasa keagenan kapal-kapal asing yang berperan sebagai port agent atau local agent. PT. Transuta Lintas Samudera Cabang Merak memiliki potensi yang sangat besar untuk berkembang pesat dalam pelayanan jasa keagenan kapal. Berdasarkan data permasalahan yang ada membahas mengenai keterbatasan karyawan operasional dan kurangnya pelayanan jasa clearance yang dilakukan oleh PT. Transuta Lintas Samudera terhadap kapal-kapal sandar di pelabuhan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara kurangnya pelayanan jasa clearance terhadap berthing time yang Diageni oleh PT. Transuta Lintas Samudera Cabang Merak. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan hasil data dari pengaruh pelayanan jasa clearance terhadap berthing time kapal yang diageni oleh PT. Transuta Lintas Samudera Cabang Merak. Untuk perusahaan pelayaran ini harus memikirkan strategi alternatif untuk mendapatkan suatu hasil dari pemecahan masalah dengan baik. Hasil tersebut upaya yang digunakan untuk mempersingkat waktu pelayanan jasa clearance yang diageni oleh PT. Transuta Lintas Samudera Cabang Merak tidak menyebabkan kapal berada lama di pelabuhan.
VARIATIONS IN INTRA OCULAR PRESSURE PRE VERSUS POST DILATATION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE – A COMPARATIVE STUDY.
Authors: Rao A. Venkateswara , Yeluguri Suvarna , Keerthi M. S. S.
Published: January 2022

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in intraocular pressure in healthy eyes dilated with tropicamide 1% and phenylephrine 2.5% (itrop) versus those
dilated with tropicamide 1% alone (appamide) using non-contact tonometer (NCT)
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective comparative study was conducted on 110 eyes and grouped into Group A & Group B with 55
eyes in each group respectively. Patients less than 40 years without any ocular or systemic illness were included in the study. In both groups baseline
IOPwas recorded and one drop of combined phenylephrine 2.5% and Tropicamide 1% in Group Aand one drop of plain Tropicamide 1% in Group
B were instilled, after 45 minutes IOPwas recorded. Data analysis was done using paired t test
RESULTS: The mean IOP for Group A was 14.41mmHg at baseline and 15.25mmHg after dilation (P=0.0025).The mean IOP for Group B was
14.36mmHg at baseline and 14.35mmHg after dilation (P=0.0018).
CONCLUSION: A signicant increase in IOP is observed in both groups,but the increase is more signicant in Group A(combined tropicamide
1% and phenylaphrine 2.5%) when compared to Group B ( Tropicamide 1% alone
Computing Boards for Internet of Things: A Comparative Survey
Authors: Datta Dhruva Anantha , Babu Sarath , Chakraborty Abhishek , B. S. Manoj
Published: January 2022

The performance of present-day Internet of Things (IoT) computing boards is primarily based on their architectural designs and selection of appropriate application scenarios. This paper conducts a comprehensive and comparative survey of 60 popular and commercially available IoT computing boards with respect to various performance metrics. The metrics include the capability of processor, available interfaces, available modules for communication, available memory interfaces, power system-related specifications, over-the-air programming capability, Geo-location capability, shielding capability, compatibility with other IoT computing boards, and availability of community support/integrated development environment. Further, we highlight the selected 60 IoT computing boards' architectural advancements that result in diverse real-world application capabilities. Moreover, we also discuss possible application scenarios of the IoT computing boards and their implementation details in the context of selected performance metrics. Our comparative survey on the selected 60 IoT boards can be helpful for the IoT board manufacturers and the system developers to understand the state-of-the-art designs requirements. Furthermore, the insights can be used to develop IoT computing boards for appropriate future application scenarios.
A enfermagem diante do enfrentamento da pandemia da Covid-19 e a qualidade de vida no trabalho
Authors: Lima Maria Fernanda de Miranda , Silva Pérpetua Socorro Fernandes , Medeiros Gilney Guerra de
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: analisar os principais desafios que os profissionais de Enfermagem têm no enfrentamento da Covid-19. Buscou-se também analisar o papel da enfermagem diante do enfretamento da pandemia quanto as carências de infraestruturas nos serviços de saúde e descrever a importância da qualidade de vida no trabalho em tempos de pandemia. Método: Trata-se de revisão integrativa com abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa. A busca de artigos foi realizada na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) e Publish or Perish, com publicação entre os anos de 2012 até 2021 em português. Resultados: Um dos grandes desafios para os enfermeiros diante a pandemia da Covid-19, refere-se as condições de trabalho. Dada a infraestrutura inadequada, principalmente de leitos hospitalares, unidades de terapia intensiva lotados e riscos iminentes de contaminação da Covid-19. Conclusão: O enfrentamento da pandemia por parte da enfermagem, requer medidas conjuntas e urgentes para amenizar o medo e a insegurança gerados pelo COVID-19. Percebeu-se que é necessário que exista medidas estratégicas e pontuais minimizando a sobrecarga, o estresse e os danos psicológicos que acometem os enfermeiros no ambiente de trabalho.
Descritores: Enfermagem; Covid-19; Pandemia; Qualidade de vida no trabalho.
Corydalis marschalliana (Pallas ex. Willd.) Pers. (Fumariaceae) in the East of the Donbass region
Authors: Sokolova E. I.
Published: January 2022

The results of studies of Corydalis marschalliana (Pallas ex. Willd.) Pers. in the Easten part of the Donbass (Lugask and Donetsk regions) are provided in the research. The fact that in the Easten part of Donbass region C. marschalliana grows in 60 locations (33 locations are in the Lugansk region and 27 ones are in the Donetsk region) was established. 19 of them were discovered by the author of the research. Environmental conditions in the studied region were described. Corydalis marschalliana biomorphological characteristics, area and growth conditions are given. Environmental history was studied, map charts and species distribution lists on the territory of the Easten part of Donbass region were made. Cenopopulation studies of Corydalis marschalliana were carried out. The article gives the data about studied species protection on the specially protected natural territories of the Easten Part of Donbass region, the ways of possible rational usage of this species are indicated. It was concluded that C. marschalliana does not need personal protection on the territory of the Easten part of Donbass region.
The use of environmentally friendly means of protection in pea agrocenoses for the production of organic products
Authors: Vlasova О. , Sekun M. , Zatserklyana M.
Published: January 2022

Goal. Substantiate the use of environmentally friendly means of protecting peas with modern technologies of crop cultivation.

Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical, calculation.

Results. The relationship between the spread of diseases and the main environmental factors (temperature and humidity, atmospheric precipitation) during the growing season of plants has been investigated. The terms and norms of processing with biological products and their effectiveness have been established. Methodological recommendations have been developed for the use of environmentally friendly means of protection, which are based on the use of biological preparations in pea agrocenoses and in the production of organic products.

Conclusions. In agrocenoses of peas, the use of biological plant protection products for the production of organic products is recommended.
АХМАТ-ХАДЖИ КАДЫРОВ: ВЕХИ ЖИЗНИ И ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ВЫДАЮЩЕЙСЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ
Authors: Гапуров Ш.А. , Бугаев А.М. , Магамадов С.С.
Published: January 2022

Авторы проанализировали основные вехи многогранной деятельности Ахмата-Хаджи Кадырова – Главы Администрации Чеченской Республики, с октября 2003 г. – Президента Чеченской Республики. При этом основное внимание уделено оценке его организаторской роли в реализации комплекса практических мер, направленных на мирное урегулирование вооружённого противоборства, достижение устойчивой политической стабильности на многострадальной чеченской земле.
Освещены вопросы подготовки и организации республиканского референдума, состоявшегося 23 марта 2003 г. Результаты этого коллективного (общенационального) волеизъявления явились фундаментом для формирования ветвей власти – законодательной, исполнительной и судебной, а Чеченская Республика обрела статус равноправного субъекта Российской Федерации.
Стержневым моментом в государственной и политической деятельности Ахмат-Хаджи Кадырова в должности Главы Администрации Чеченской Республики, её Президента являлась его ярко выраженная непоколебимая личная ответственность перед народом.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kesempatan Kerja Di Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tahun 1991-2020
Authors: Ridwan Fajar Hidayat
Published: January 2022

Peningkatan jumlah tenaga kerja di Provinsi Jawa Tengah menjadi salah satu tujuan penelitian ini dalam menganalisis peran PDRB, angkatan kerja, dan UMP dalam upaya peningkatan kesempatan kerja selama periode 1991-2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan model regresi linier berganda dengan metode uji asumsi klasik dan uji statistik yang terdiri dari Uji t, Uji f, dan uji koefisien determinasi (). Hasil penelitian menunjukan pengaruh kearah positif antara PDRB dan pertumbuhan UMP dengan kesempatan kerja. Selanjutnya, variabel angkatan kerja memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan ke arah negatif dalam meningkatkan tingkat kesempatan kerja. Temuan lainnya adanya pengaruh antara variabel PDRB, angkatan kerja dan pertumbuhan UMP dalam meningkatkan tingkat kesempatan kerja Jawa Tengah selama periode 1991-2020. Perlu dikaji faktor-faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi kesempatan kerja di Jawa Tengah antara lain suku bunga, investasi, jumlah perusahaan, nilai produksi dan lain sebagainya.
Application Of Recapitulation And Staff Performance Assessment Using Standard Working Method
Authors: Hananto Agustia , Pramono Eko , Huda Baenil
Published: January 2022

Employee performance evaluation or appraisal is needed to assess company employees' work achievement or work performance against the given target within a specific time. The purpose of the study was to analyze the method of recapitulation and staff performance appraisal and create a design model for the application of recapitulation and staff performance appraisal. The research method used is qualitative research, where data collection is done using observation and interviews. Application development based on the iterative waterfall method accommodates the recapitulation process and employee performance appraisal. The benefits of the research carried out are to determine the impact of information delays and speed up the recapitulation process and the performance appraisal itself. Every month, information regarding work achievements is presented in an application that each employee can see. The final results of the recapitulation and assessment in the form of total values and ratios of work achievement are expected to facilitate the head of the department in making decisions
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK TERPADU BERBASIS MACROMEDIA FLASH 8 DI KELAS IV SD
Authors: Yolanda Yola , Sri Lena Mai
Published: January 2022

This research intends to develop an integrated thematic learning media based on Macromedia Flash 8 in grade IV SD Negeri 02 Tanjuang Puan Abai which is valid, practical and effective. And apply ADDIE type. Subjects were fourth grade teachers at SDN 02 Tanjuang Puan Abai and 21 fourth grade students at SD Negeri 02 Tanjuang Puan Abai. The research revealed: (1) integrated thematic learning media based on Macromedia Flash 8 in grade IV SD which was validated by experts was declared "very valid" with an overall validator score of 87.87%, (2) teacher responses and student responses to learning media Thematically based on Macromedia Flash 8 in the fourth grade of SD obtained the "very practical" category with an assessment of 94.28% and 90.47%, (3) The response of the effectiveness of Macromedia Flash 8 students to the learning in the fourth grade of elementary school with the category "High ” with a percentage of 87.21%.
EFEKTIFITAS PENGELOLAAN BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA/BUMDes DI DESA ILOHELUMA KECAMATAN POSIGADAN KABUPATEN BOLAANG MONGONDOW SELATAN TAHUN 2019
Authors: Inombi Sarsan , Kamuli Sukarman , Wantu Asmun
Published: January 2022

UU No 6 Tahun 2014 tentang desa telah membawah konsekwensi logis bagi pemabangunan masyarakat desa. Unsur utama yang menjadi prioritas adalah masalah priorotas penggunaan dana desa. Alokasi dana desa  secara spesifik lebih dikhusukan untuk pengutaan desa yang berdikari secara politik dan penguatan ekonomi desa. Dasar inilah menajdi titik acuan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) pada aspek pelembagaan desa layaknya menjadi prioritas desa dalam menumbuhkembangkan ekonomi produktif sesuai dengan potensi desa. Data Empirik mensinyalir bahwa hampir semua desa belum mampu untuk mensinergikan potensi ekonomi desa sebagi cikal bakal kemandirian masyarakat desa. Khususnya yang terjadi di desa Iloheluma Kecamatan Posigadan Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Selatan, pengembangan BUMDes belum mengalami perkembangan yang memadai dan belum mengakomodir penguatan potensi desa yang bergerak pada aspek perkebunan khusunya cengkeh dan bidang perikanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Pengelolaan BUMDes di Desa Iloheluma kec. Posigadan kab. Bolaang Mongondow Selatan secara umum dapat dikatakan belum berjalan efektif. Hal ini dilihat dari kegagalan pencapaian tujuan yang di tetapkan pada pendirian dan pembentukan BUMDes di Desa Iloheluma, serta jenis usaha yang di buat oleh BUMDes berupa Rompong yang tidak dapat bertahan lama dan  keberadaan BUMDes tidak mampu meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat desa.
Preface
Authors: Reed Matt , Langford Joss
Published: January 2022

The preface outlines the aims of the book, which are to provide guidance to commercial innovators on how best to exploit the knowledge and resource capital of universities. If you use the tools presented, you will be able to form productive and long-lasting partnerships that will benefit both your company and your collaborators.
Digital
Authors: Reed Matt , Langford Joss
Published: January 2022

As a consequence of the worldwide COVID crisis in 2020, the CEO of Microsoft, Satya Nadella, concluded in April 2020 that ‘We saw two years of digital transformation in two months’. Digital technologies are helping us to find new ways of working together, enabling easier access and sharing of knowledge, providing us with new ways to overcome traditional barriers to innovation such as the physical time and space that different players occupy. The technologies provide opportunities for teams who are remote from physical assets to both benefit from them and to help drive their development. Ultimately, they are helping us to better exploit the world’s collective brainpower and connect us with the world-leading expertise of specific individuals.
Understanding a University
Authors: Reed Matt , Langford Joss
Published: January 2022

Each university is different, with each having a specific history, focus, and culture, and slightly different ways of working. In this section, we explore some of the common characteristics and idiosyncrasies of universities and other academic institutions. We will begin to unpack their core purpose, their mission, what you can and can’t reasonably expect from them. We will also help you to look beyond the corporate structures in the university towards building partnerships that can directly harness research and knowledge capabilities.
Ecosystem Innovation
Authors: Reed Matt , Langford Joss
Published: January 2022

This chapter describes how university partnerships fit into a larger idea of ‘innovation ecosystems’, a term that has become widely used to describe the dynamic and interdependent network that exists between these agents to generate, diffuse, and create value. We introduce the concept of an innovation ecosystem and will help you to understand the positions and roles a commercial organisation can play within these ecosystems.
A Strategic Partnership Model
Authors: Reed Matt , Langford Joss
Published: January 2022

This chapter describes six levels on which a partnership should be built and evaluated. The strategic level of the partnership needs to demonstrate a real shared plan, including aspects of governance, funding, risk sharing, arising intellectual assets, and communications. The operational plan needs to deal with some of the mechanics required to achieve the plan.
Exploiting Proximity
Authors: Reed Matt , Langford Joss
Published: January 2022

In this section we look at how you define ‘close’ when talking about university partners that may be spread across the globe. We provide guidance on how to balance the different types of proximity and mitigate issues.
Measuring Success
Authors: Reed Matt , Langford Joss
Published: January 2022

The projects you run and the partnerships you build with universities will ultimately need to deliver against the innovation and business agenda of your company. This section will help you take the temperature of both a project and the overall partnership, allowing you to find ways to improve their output and performance. We favour a 4-dimensional approach that we have adapted from work in the 1990's as it recognises that the relative importance of different factors changes over the lifetime of a project.
A Path Neither Simple Nor Single
Authors: Edmonds Radcliffe G.
Published: January 2022

This chapter suggests that the afterlife is a very prominent concept for the ancient Greeks, and surveys a wide variety of evidence to demonstrate the myriad ways in which the Greeks conceived of the afterlife, and the ends to which such visions were deployed. This evidence covers treatments of the afterlife created over millennia throughout the Greek world, including the treatment it receives in poetry, painting, philosophy, and funerary rites. Edmonds organises these accounts through appealing to three categories: 1) visions of continuation, in which post-mortem existence is imagined as analogous to that enjoyed in life; 2) visions of compensation, in which the afterlife is seen as a correction of living existence; and 3) cosmological visions, where thinkers situate the afterlife within a wider account of the nature and function of the world. The key insight of Edmonds’ paper is that, to see Hades as a monolithic theological concept is to miss out on the particularly versatile nature of Greek beliefs, which in turn runs the danger of relegating equally valid conceptions of the afterlife to strictly cultic or minority-based divergences from the norm.
The Somatics of the Greek Dead
Authors: Liapis Vayos
Published: January 2022

This chapter asks to what extent were the dead imagined to retain their corporeality by the ancient Greeks? The overview begins with Homer, with particular attention given to the Nekyia, and an excursus on the nature of psyche. The next section on ‘embodied ghosts’ brings together hero-revenants along with the ‘ordinary dead’. Liapis argues that the Homeric account of the dead as disembodied eidola is far from the norm, and clarifies seemingly inconsistencies within Homer’s own representation of the dead concerning this matter. Liapis then considers a range of sources to argue that the Greek imaginings of the dead oscillated between the spectral and corporeal, a situation which poses challenges for contemporary thinking concerning the corporeality of human beings.
Life and Death of the Greek Heroine in Odyssey 11 and the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women
Authors: Ziogas Ioannis
Published: January 2022

Examines the phenomenon of ‘thanatography’, a form of biography which is exceptional for taking as its subject a ghost, rather than a living person. Ziogas investigates the deployment of this phenomenon in archaic literature, particularly in Odyssey 11 and the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women, and focuses on the thanatographies of heroines. In contrast to the stories of dead men, which focus primarily on the manner of their death, Ziogas argues that the thanatographies of women rarely make mention of their death. Indeed, in archaic literature heroines are noteworthy for surviving their suffering into old age, especially in avoiding the pressing perils of childbirth, and outliving their sons. In prioritising the remarkability of their lives, rather than the manner of their deaths, the heroines of the archaic age are remembered in their prime, as young, desirable, and, most importantly, alive.
Professionals and Amateurs
Authors: O'Donnell Nathan
Published: January 2022

This chapter takes, as its point of departure, the historical detail of the famous 1913 split between Lewis and the Omega Workshops, used here as a lens for considering the professionalisation of the arts in early twentieth-century England. Drawing upon the sociology of the professions in the early twentieth century, the chapter explores the terms ‘professional’ and ‘amateur’ underwent a major shift at this time, with the role of the professional – artist or otherwise – becoming reoriented around notions of expertise, specialisation, and public service. This ‘professional turn’ involved simultaneous adaptation and resistance to increasingly powerful market forces. Lewis’s work in response to Bloomsbury is examined in this light. Blast is explored, in this context, for its proto-professional discourse; while The Caliph’s Designis read as a significant professionalist manifeso, delineating a body of esoteric specialist knowledge as well as a professional mythology for the practising artist. Lewis aggressively defined a (public-spirited, transparent, dogmatic) Vorticism as against the (domestic, private, conciliatory and liberal) amateurism of the Omega Workshops, positioning himself as a ‘pioneer’ professional, of a type that have historically, in different ways, laid the groundwork for the reorganisation of their professional fields.
Vampyros Lesbos
Authors: Ellinger Kat
Published: January 2022

This chapter compares and contrasts, as well as analyses, aspects of the film against its peers and contemporaries within the wider playing field of lesbian vampire cinema in general. It argues that the brilliance of Daughters of Darkness lies in the way it plays with Gothic tradition, embraces the essence of French Fantastique, and the fact it takes advantage of the erotic film market and loosening of censorship. All these serve to not only thrill audiences, but provide them with a film that delivers plenty of substance and subtext. As a lesbian vampire film, above all other things, Daughters of Darkness has a direct connection to literary tradition, as well as to an entire canon of lesbian vampire cinema, which developed from the early 1930s up until the 1970s. The chapter examines some of those cinematic connections to see where the film fits with its peers and contemporaries.
Epilogue
Authors: Ellinger Kat
Published: January 2022

This concluding chapter provides further quotes from director Harry Kümel, which illuminate the prospect of a contemporary sequel to his original 1971 film. It also expounds on the sense of pessimism and cynicism rife in vampire cinema of the 1970s. Daughters of Darkness has an allegiance to many of these films in the way in which it channels the cultural climate of the period and gives vampirism a modern slant. Furthermore, the film's heritage angle directly links to a trend evident in some of the other genre cinema of the period, especially that which critiqued capitalist and class-driven facets of society. The chapter also includes a brief analysis on the lesbian vampire films that followed much later on, into the 1980s and beyond.
‘Words’
Authors: Fraiture Pierre-Philippe
Published: January 2022

When they set out to colonize Africa, Europeans were faced with the pressing issue of mastering the African multilingual landscape. This chapter explores the role of languages and language policies in francophone sub-Saharan Africa (AOF and Belgian Congo) and pays attention to the biopolitical arsenal deployed by imperial administrations to manage linguistic issues. By focussing on the works of some Third Republic figures like Louis Faidherbe, Onésime Reclus, and Maurice Delafosse, it is shown that strict evolutionist taxonomies were used to foster the predominance of French and assign a vehicular role to African languages such as Swahili, Fula and Wolof. The cultural assimilation engendered by colonialism bore witness to the emergence of Francophonized African scholars such as Cheikh Anta Diop and Amadou Hampâté Bâ who, after WW2, promoted African languages to fulfil their anti-colonial and pan-Africanist agenda. This project of linguistic decolonization is explored via a close examination of Nations nègres et culture by C.A. Diop. His promotion of Wolof, a programme set in motion against Senghorian francophonie, is still ongoing now as demonstrated by the Céytu translation project initiated by Boubacar Boris Diop in 2016.
Sensing Like a Shaman, Seeing Like a State: Guayana According to Rómulo Gallegos
Authors: Smith Amanda M.
Published: January 2022

Rómulo Gallegos’s 1935 novel, Canaima, which takes place in the region known as Guayana where the Orinoco and Amazon river basins overlap, became the name for Venezuela’s largest national park in 1962. Chapter 2 explores how Gallegos manipulated the pan-Indigenous shamanic concept of “kanaima” to construct Venezuelan Guayana as a special place capable of resisting the economic and epistemological homogenization happening nationwide. The chapter describes Canaima as a response to both Venezuela’s incipient oil economy as well as the standardization of the country’s geographic curriculum. The unexpected result of the alternative geography that Gallegos constructs has been the state’s appropriation of “Canaima” as a metonym for Venezuelan autochthony in the national park and beyond. This chapter draws connections among literary geography, cultural appropriation, and Indigenous deterritorialization.
The Upper Marañón, the Summer Institute of Linguistics, and the Nobel Laureate
Authors: Smith Amanda M.
Published: January 2022

Chapter 3 considers the role of Mario Vargas Llosa’s first trip to the Peruvian Amazon with the Protestant evangelical organization the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) in shaping the author’s literary representations of the region throughout his career. The SIL was involved in restructuring Indigenous social geographies by reorganizing the social and physical arrangement of the communities they worked with. The SIL’s plans to unilaterally assimilate Indigenous communities to the dominant national culture through language instruction, catechism, and economics became Vargas Llosa’s framework for understanding the solutions to the region’s problems as well. Though initially sympathetic to the plight of Indigenous Amazonians contending with unfair labour practices, Vargas Llosa later characterizes their resistance to industry in Amazonia as evidence of their short sightedness. Later in his career, the Nobel Laureate would become a strong advocate of deciding for Amazonian peoples in the political sphere, but a close reading of the texts that resulted most directly from his trip with the SIL reveals how he captured evidence of Indigenous Amazonians’ abilities to think, plan, and configure Amazonian spaces for themselves.
Introduction
Authors: Hughes Edward J.
Published: January 2022

The discussion opens with some brief reflections by Fernand Léger, Samuel Beckett, and Roland Barthes on the relationship between art and labour. The work of Jacques Rancière is then introduced and shown to be centrally relevant to this question, in particular his Le Maître ignorant [The Ignorant Schoolmaster] and Courts voyages au pays du peuple [Short Voyages to the Land of the People]. Rejecting the bourgeois distinction that sees art accorded prestige and manual work devalorized, Rancière insists on the homology that links the handling of tools and of words. He uses this equalizing to endorse both literary endeavour and manual labour. In his essay in Courts voyages on Rossellini’s film Europa 51, Rancière writes of an ‘aesthetic and ethical practice of equality’ and an important aim of the present book will be to explore forms of imbrication involving textual poetics and social ethics. The Introduction then sets out the range of texts and authors to be considered in the course of the book. How they present certain cultural objects and practices will form an overarching motif in the book.
Self-Exposure and Self-Erasure in Anne Garréta’s Pas un jour
Authors: Kemp Anna
Published: January 2022

This chapter considers Anne Garréta's Pas un jour - a seemingly autobiographical work in which the narrator describes her sexual encounters with other women. It explores the ways in which Garréta’s Oulipian practice ultimately serves feminist ends in its subversion of gender norms, in particular the conventions governing the production and reception of life-writing by women. Importantly, the disruptive potential of Garréta’s writing does not lie in presenting an expressive female sexuality. On the contrary, Garréta's text is shown to reveal a certain anxiety vis-à-vis the female body and the traditionally feminine realm of affect. Instead, she prefers to challenge dominant scripts of gender and sexuality by mobilizing Oulipian pudeur and constraint. It is not by ‘speaking out’ but by limiting what can be said that critical distance is achieved, and a certain freedom attained.
Some conclusions
Authors: Broderick Céire
Published: January 2022

The concluding remarks draw together the key arguments offered by this book, demonstrating the continued relevance of studying these fictional accounts of Catalina de los Ríos y Lisperguer as a figure who embodies many of the anxieties and challenges surrounding constructions of genders and ethnicities in contemporary Chile. It brings the discussion forward to the time in which this book is written, seventeen years after the publication of the most recent novel studied here. It demonstrates where and how some of the discussions started at the turn of the twenty-first century are still relevant and suggests new avenues for further research in this area.
Introduction
Authors: Owens Rebekah
Published: January 2022

This chapter provides a brief history of filmed Shakespeare and invites the reader to consider the issues that may face any director who wishes to translate Shakespeare’s plays into film. There is a discussion of the simple fact that Shakespeare was writing for an early modern audience and film came into being in the twentieth century and how to bridge that four-hundred-year gap has been the preoccupation of many directors since then. The chapter discusses a number of specific challenges, in particular how to accommodate the early modern figurative language of Shakespeare with the expectations of realism in cinema, a medium which also relies on visual imagery to elaborate the themes and preoccupations of the story rather than the figurative language of the plays which principally used words for world-building and story-telling. There is also a discussion of how the stories of the plays are translated for a modern audience, and how the telling of these tales relies on the readily-accepted, though often questioned, assumption of Shakespeare’s universality — that his stories live beyond their specific historical moment because they deal with issues that continue to preoccupy us today — love, ambition, jealousy.
Introduction to the Takabuti Project
Authors: David Rosalie , Murphy Eileen
Published: January 2022

The mummy of Takabuti is one of the best known antiquities in the Ulster Museum, Belfast. Takabuti lived at the capital city of Thebes in Egypt in the 25th Dynasty (c. 600 BCE), where she enjoyed a privileged and wealthy lifestyle. In 2008/2009, the mummy underwent a series of in-depth scientific analyses at the Ulster Museum, Queen’s University Belfast, John Moores University, Liverpool, and the Universities of Manchester, Cardiff and Dundee. These revealed more information about her life and death. Now, current investigations have revealed new evidence about her ancestry, living conditions, health, and the intriguing possibility that she met a violent and untimely death. Takabuti lived in a time of great uncertainty and upheaval when Egypt was under foreign occupation. Purchased at an Egyptian “mummy market” by a wealthy Ulsterman, Takabuti created a sensation when she was brought to Belfast in 1834, and donated to the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society. Following the custom prevalent in the mid-19th century, the Society’s members unwrapped the mummy in 1835, presided over by Dr Edward Hincks, a renowned Egyptologist and Assyriologist.
Takabuti and the Museums of Belfast
Authors: Murphy Eileen
Published: January 2022

Takabuti has found a home in three different institutions since her arrival in Belfast in 1834, and this section provides an overview of her story as part of a museum collection since that time. In addition to a detailed account of Takabuti’s unwrapping, the Belfast News-Letter...
Radiocarbon Dating of Takabuti
Authors: Metcalfe Jenefer , Reimer Paula
Published: January 2022

The objective of the 21st century research was to learn more about the life and times of Takabuti through the application of modern scientific techniques. Based on the style of her coffin, early scholarship had indicated that Takabuti lived around 600 BCE; using samples of hair and bandage from the mummy, AMS radiocarbon dating was employed to test the validity of this date. Samples of Takabuti’s well-preserved hair were taken for analysis to the University of Manchester where electron microscopy revealed that the hair contained head-lice at the time of death, and other tests revealed that, shortly before or after death, her hair had been dressed and artificially curled, using a hair gel to hold the style in place. When a strand of hair was cross-sectioned and examined, the shape characterised a Caucasian rather than an Asian or African individual. This raised the question of Takabuti’s ancestry – had some of her forebears immigrated to Egypt from elsewhere? DNA analysis defines the relationship between Takabuti and modern populations from Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Isotope analysis of oxygen and strontium in the teeth demonstrates the extent to which Takabuti moved from place to place during her lifetime.
Imaging Takabuti: Radiology and Osteology
Authors: Murphy Eileen , Loynes Robert , Adams Judith
Published: January 2022

In 2008, Takabuti was taken to Manchester Royal Infirmary where radiography and CT-scanning were performed; recent analysis has revealed several unexpected and unusual features. Initially, the scans indicated that she was around 25-35 years of age at death; there were no signs of disease and her cause of death remained unidentified. Current research on the CT-scans has revealed that the only organ tissue returned to the body after evisceration was the heart which, as the locus of the owner’s personality, was usually afforded special treatment. Endoscopy was used to take samples to identify any traces of disease. Partial visual examination of her teeth, together with the CT scans, enabled Takabuti’s dental state to be determined: all her teeth were present, there is no evidence of tooth decay and little indication of gum disease, in contrast to many ancient Egyptians who suffered from worn, sensitive and abscessed teeth. Stable carbon and isotope analysis undertaken on a sample of Takabuti’s hair has demonstrated that she probably ate a diet lacking cereals but rich in food derived from trees and shrubs as well as legumes, beans and pods. The lack of cereals is unusual in an ancient Egyptian diet.