bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of grafted jute fiber using acrylate monomers pretreated with alkali
Authors: Mondal Md. Ibrahim H. , Khan Md. Mashiur Rahman , Islam Md. Mofakkharul , Islam Md. Saiful , Rabbi M. A.
Published: March 2016

The reactivity of lingocellulosic jute fiber to sunlight (UV) and atmospheric gases and chemicals was reduced by grafting jute with acrylate monomers, such as ethyl acrylate (EA) and 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The grafting reaction sufficiently blocked the reactive groups of jute and thus, physically- and chemically-bound cellulosic units and on the fiber surface. The grafting gave additional strength, higher thermal stability and improved surface smoothness. Though the modified fibers showed better color fastness properties in sunlight, the dyeability of the modified fibers somewhat decreased. Grafting reaction and other characteristics of modified fibers were investigated with FT-IR, tensile tester, thermogravimeric analyser, and grey scale respectively. The change of surface morphology of the jute fiber on modification was also observed with a scanning electron microscopy. Modification of bleached jute and alkali-activated bleached jute with HEMA gave higher graft yield (26.6, 29.4 %) than that of EA modification (22.5, 24.7 %). Due to the different chemical features, HEMA-modified fiber exhibited better chemical, thermal and physical properties.
Glycobiology simplified: diverse roles of glycan recognition in inflammation
Authors: Schnaar Ronald L
Published: March 2016

Glycans and complementary glycan-binding proteins are essential components in the language of cell-cell interactions in immunity. The study of glycan function is the purview of glycobiology, which has often been presented as an unusually complex discipline. In fact, the human glycome, composed of all of its glycans, is built primarily from only 9 building blocks that are combined by enzymes (writers) with specific and limited biosynthetic capabilities into a tractable and increasingly accessible number of potential glycan patterns that are functionally read by several dozen human glycan-binding proteins (readers). Nowhere is the importance of glycan recognition better understood than in infection and immunity, and knowledge in this area has already led to glycan mimetic anti-infective and anti-inflammatory drugs. This review includes a brief tutorial on human glycobiology and a limited number of specific examples of glycan-binding protein-glycan interactions that initiate and regulate inflammation. Examples include representatives from different glycan-binding protein families, including the C-type lectins (E-selectin, P-selectin, dectin-1, and dectin-2), sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins 8 and 9), galectins (galectin-1, galectin-3, and galectin-9), as well as hyaluronic acid-binding proteins. As glycoscience technologies advance, opportunities for enhanced understanding of glycans and their roles in leukocyte cell biology provide increasing opportunities for discovery and therapeutic intervention.
Reduced Perinatal Leptin Availability May Contribute to Adverse Metabolic Programming in a Rat Model of Uteroplacental Insufficiency
Authors: Nüsken Eva , Wohlfarth Maria , Lippach Gregor , Rauh Manfred , Schneider Holm , Dötsch Jörg , Nüsken Kai-Dietrich
Published: March 2016

Leptin availability in perinatal life critically affects metabolic programming. We tested the hypothesis that uteroplacental insufficiency and intrauterine stress affect perinatal leptin availability in rat offspring. Pregnant rats underwent bilateral uterine vessel ligation (LIG; n = 14), sham operation (SOP; n = 12), or no operation (controls, n = 14). Fetal livers (n = 180), placentas (n = 180), and maternal blood were obtained 4 hours (gestational day [E] 19), 24 hours (E20), and 72 hours (E22) after surgery. In the offspring, we took blood samples on E22 (n = 44), postnatal day (P) 1 (n = 29), P2 (n = 16), P7 (n = 30), and P12 (n = 30). Circulating leptin (ELISA) was significantly reduced in LIG (E22, P1, P2) and SOP offspring (E22). Postnatal leptin surge was delayed in LIG but was accelerated in SOP offspring. Placental leptin gene expression (quantitative RT-PCR) was reduced in LIG (E19, E20, E22) and SOP (E20, E22). Hepatic leptin receptor (Lepr-a, mediating leptin degradation) gene expression was increased in LIG fetuses (E20, E22) only. Surprisingly, hypoxia-inducible factors (Hif; Western blot) were unaltered in placentas and were reduced in the livers of LIG (Hif1a, E20; Hif2a, E19, E22) and SOP (Hif2a, E19) fetuses. Gene expression of prolyl hydroxylase 3, a factor expressed under hypoxic conditions contributing to Hif degradation, was increased in livers of LIG (E19, E20, E22) and SOP (E19) fetuses and in placentas of LIG and SOP (E19). In summary, reduced placental leptin production, increased fetal leptin degradation, and persistent perinatal hypoleptinemia are present in intrauterine growth restriction offspring, especially after uteroplacental insufficiency, and may contribute to perinatal programming of leptin resistance and adiposity in later life.
The paracaspase MALT1 cleaves the LUBAC subunit HOIL1 during antigen receptor signaling
Authors: Douanne Tiphaine , Gavard Julie , Bidère Nicolas
Published: March 2016

Antigen-receptor-mediated activation of lymphocytes relies on a signalosome comprising CARMA1 (also known as CARD11), BCL10 and MALT1 (the CBM complex). The CBM activates nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factors by recruiting the ‘linear ubiquitin assembly complex’ (LUBAC), and unleashes MALT1 paracaspase activity. Although MALT1 enzyme shapes NF-κB signaling, lymphocyte activation and contributes to lymphoma growth, the identity of its substrates continues to be elucidated. Here, we report that the LUBAC subunit HOIL1 (also known as RBCK1) is cleaved by MALT1 following antigen receptor engagement. HOIL1 is also constitutively processed in the ‘activated B-cell-like’ (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which exhibits aberrant MALT1 activity. We further show that the overexpression of MALT1-insensitive HOIL1 mitigates T-cell-receptor-mediated NF-κB activation and subsequent cytokine production in lymphocytes. Thus, our results unveil HOIL1 as a negative regulator of lymphocyte activation cleaved by MALT1. This cleavage could therefore constitute an appealing therapeutic target for modulating immune responses.
Religious Fanaticism and Religious Extremism As the Factors Promoting Recruitment of Suicide Bombers
Authors: Жезлов  , Zhezlov Nikolay
Published: March 2016

In this article the role and value of radical religious views

in the course of recruitment of suicide bombers, and also in the

general system of the factors which are negatively influencing social

and ethical climate is analyzed. Definitions to such concepts as

"religionism" and "religious extremism", the reasons increasing the

number of the single terrorist attacks conducted by terrorists suicide

bombers are called. The special attention is paid to process of recruitment

in the terrorist organizations. Ways of elimination of the

called problem are reflected, and also the role of correctional facilities

of criminal and executive system in the course of the prevention

of the terrorism based on religious ideas is designated. Relevance

of the topic covered in article is caused by growth of number of the

negative situations connected with manifestation of extremism,

religious strife, the interfaith conflicts and increase of activity of

the terrorist organizations using religious ideology for promotion

and justification of the activity.
Hallux valgus, ankle osteoarthrosis and adult acquired flatfoot deformity: a review of three common foot and ankle pathologies and their treatments
Authors: Crevoisier Xavier , Assal Mathieu , Stanekova Katarina
Published: March 2016

The pathogenesis of hallux valgus deformity is multifactorial. Conservative treatment can alleviate pain but is unable to correct the deformity. Surgical treatment must be adapted to the type and severity of the deformity. Success of surgical treatment ranges from 80% to 95%, and complication rates range from 10% to 30%. Ankle osteoarthrosis most commonly occurs as a consequence of trauma. Ankle arthrodesis and total ankle replacement are the most common surgical treatments of end stage ankle osteoarthrosis. Both types of surgery result in similar clinical improvement at midterm; however, gait analysis has demonstrated the superiority of total ankle replacement over arthrodesis. More recently, conservative surgery (extraarticular alignment osteotomies) around the ankle has gained popularity in treating early- to mid-stage ankle osteoarthrosis. Adult acquired flatfoot deformity is a consequence of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction in 80% of cases. Classification is based upon the function of the tibialis posterior tendon, the reducibility of the deformity, and the condition of the ankle joint. Conservative treatment includes orthotics and eccentric muscle training. Functional surgery is indicated for treatment in the early stages. In case of fixed deformity, corrective and stabilising surgery is performed.

Cite this article: Crevoisier X, Assal M, Stanekova K. Hallux valgus, ankle osteoarthrosis and adult acquired flatfoot deformity: a review of three common foot and ankle pathologies and their treatments. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:58–64. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000015.
Publication Reviews
Authors: Briggs-Goode Amanda , Olding Simon , Clarkson Dr Verity
Published: March 2016

BE.HIVE UK Pavilion, Wolfgang Buttress (2015) Nottingham, UK: Wolfgang Buttress Studio, 128 pp., ISBN: 9780993285509, s/bk, £32.00

The Walter C. Koerner Collection of European Ceramics: A Discerning Eye, Carol E. Mayer (2014) Vancouver: Museum of Anthropology, the University of British Columbia, 172 pp., ISBN: 9781927958186, h/bk, $45.00

Crafting Design in Italy: From Post-War to Postmodernism, Catharine Rossi (2015) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 219 pp., ISBN: 9780719089404, h/bk, £70.00
The ‘new’ craft phenomena and the contemporary museum
Authors: Budge Kylie
Published: March 2016

By attending to the rise of craft, museums can play an important role in asking questions about the material culture, context and the cultural life extending from craft. This article explores the relationships between the museum and current wave of craft. I argue that, as custodians and translators of material culture, museums are positioned powerfully to attend to matters of craft in ways that allow for the interpretation of a changing cultural phenomenon. I do so by exploring the extent to which the ‘third wave’ of craft has infiltrated public, cultural and scholarly life. This is considered in the context of the contemporary museum with regard to implications for museum positioning and practice.
Cinema, thought, immanence: Contemplating signs and empty spaces in the films of Ozu
Authors: Lapworth Andrew
Published: March 2016

In his two-volume study of the cinema, Deleuze develops a novel conception of film in terms of its relation to the intensive becomings of thought. Great directors, for Deleuze, are those who invent images that stage disruptions to the habits of ordinary perception, forcing us to think and feel differently. It is precisely in terms of the production of a different style of cinematic thinking that we might frame encounters with the films of director Ozu Yasujiro¯ , who I argue inaugurates a cinema in which contemplation replaces the primacy and certainties of action. Following Deleuze’s ([1968] 2004) rethinking of ‘contemplation’ as immanent event rather than subjective transcendence, I explore how Ozu’s cinema generates transformative modes of thinking the city, uncoupling urban spaces from the requirements of dramatic action such that they become expressive sites of indeterminate signs and affects. By dramatizing these immanent thresholds of affective and spatial becomings, I argue Ozu’s contemplative cinema directs us towards new possible openings of thought to a politics of the virtual.
Topographies of liminality in 1960s’ New York underground cinema: Peter Emanuel Goldman’s Echoes of Silence (1965)
Authors: Hummel Berit
Published: March 2016

In the 1950s and 1960s, western metropolises were undergoing major changes in their structure, some of the biggest caused by adapting urban infrastructure to the new society based on individual mobility and progress. This article investigates the relationship between cinema and the city by focusing on a category of independent cinema that most directly relates to its everyday urban environment. Working with Deleuze’s taxonomic approach of interrogating filmic images regarding the concepts they produce, the co-production of filmic and urban space in 1960s New York underground cinema is analysed through a close reading of Peter Emanuel Goldman’s Echoes of Silence, a study of the bohemian Greenwich Village milieu and its social types. The production of the urban experience through the filmic form of the balade is the main focus. In asking how the movements of a drifting protagonist produce a spatiality that relates to constitutive societal conflicts, this article argues that the filmic images contribute to the way its viewers perceive their urban environment, in that they generate new concepts, not only on cinema but also on the city.
Releyendo a Hart
Authors: Guastini Riccardo
Published: March 2016

El autor repasa las ideas centrales de The Concept of Law de H. Hart tratando de evaluar su originalidad y novedad y de discutir su corrección. De esta manera, se discuten las nociones hartianas de regla social, punto de vista interno y externo, obligación, reglas primarias y secundarias y regla de reconocimiento, así como la teoría de Hart de la interpretación jurídica y su crítica al realismo.
El ángulo muerto de Hart. La pieza que falta en The Concept of Law
Authors: Celano Bruno
Published: March 2016

Al inicio de El Concepto de Derecho, Hart sugiere una asimilación errónea entre conducta que es «no opcional» y conducta que es «obligatoria» (i. e. conducta que o es forzada o sometida a una obligación). Esta asimilación vicia el argumento del libro en su conjunto, llevándole a Hart a descuidar las diferentes vías en las que el derecho monitorea, corrobora o constituye relaciones de poder. Es cierto y evidente que en The Concept of Law la atención se dedica a los poderes normativos, legales. Sin embargo, el poder social bruto, y las relaciones del derecho con él —el papel del derecho como una pieza en la maquinaria de los poderes sociales— están ampliamente ignorados. Éste es, de alguna manera, el ángulo muerto de Hart. Enuncio algunas de las vías, aparte de la coerción u obligación, en las que el derecho puede servir, corroborar o ser un instrumento de poder social. También muestro que el tratamiento de Hart de las relaciones entre el derecho y el poder político, en The Concept of Law, es insatisfactorio. Tanto su reconstrucción de la surgimiento ideal de un sistema jurídico desarrollado y el argumento que sustenta «el contenido mínimo del derecho natural» presuponen la idea de un grupo social en el que no subsisten relaciones de poder.
La Constitución y la esfera pública: entre diferenciación sistémica, inclusión y reconocimiento
Authors: Neves Marcelo
Published: March 2016

Tras algunas aclaraciones iniciales, el trabajo arranca con una presentación del concepto de Constitución y del de esfera pública pluralista. A partir de ahí analiza los conceptos de inclusión (como posición de la persona en relación a los sistemas funcionales) y de reconocimiento (como problema de doble contingencia en la interacción cotidiana). Y concluye ocupándose de los límites de la esfera pública y de la posibilidad de que puedan ser superados en el ámbito de la estructura de una sociedad mundial.
О применении специальных функций двух переменных к изучению
ортогональных многочленов двух переменных
Authors: Тасмамбетов Жаксылык Нурадинович , Tasmambetov Zhaksylyk
Published: March 2016

Показано, что введенная автором система дифференциальных уравнений в частных производных второго порядка является наиболее общей системой. Из данной системы можно вывести все системы, решениями которых являются гипергеометрические функций двух переменных со списка Горна и биортогональные системы многочленов Ш. Эрмита и П. Аппеля. При этом основным аппаратом исследования биортогональных многочленов двух переменных являются специальные функции двух переменных. Полученная система гипергеометрического типа позволяет осуществить единый подход к построению систем биортогональных многочленов. Установлены всевозможные особые кривые изучаемой системы. Существование регулярных решений установлено методом Фробениуса-Латышевой.
Краевые задачи для матричного уравнения Эйлера-Пуассона-Дарбу с данными на характеристике
Authors: Андреев Александр Анатольевич , Andreev Aleksandr Anatol'evich , Максимова Екатерина Алексеевна , Maksimova Ekaterina Alekseevna
Published: March 2016

Рассмотрена система $n$ дифференциальных уравнений в частных производных в матричной записи (система уравнений Эйлера-Пуассона-Дарбу). Поставлены задачи Коши-Гурса и Дарбу для случая, когда характеристические числа матрицы-коэффициента принадлежат интервалу $(0; 1/2)$. Матрица-коэффициент приведена к жордановой форме, что позволило разделить систему на $r$ независимых систем уравнений, по одной для каждой жордановой клетки. В полученных системах матричный коэффициент имеет одно собственное значение из рассматриваемого интервала. Для систем уравнений с одним матричным коэффициентом, представляющим собой жорданову клетку, которая является диагональной или треугольной матрицей, решение может быть получено с использованием известных свойств функций от матрицы. С использованием построенной ранее матрицы Римана рассматриваемой системы уравнений для всех $r$ систем уравнений построена матрица Римана-Адамара. С помощью матрицы Римана-Адамара для каждой системы матричных уравнений в частных производных построено решение задач Коши-Гурса и Дарбу. Решение исходных задач записано в виде прямой суммы решений систем для жордановых клеток. Сформулирована теорема корректности полученных решений.
Математическое моделирование деформирования армированной бедренной кости
при длительных статических нагрузках
Authors: Радченко Владимир Павлович , Radchenko Vladimir Pavlovich , Нехожин Анатолий Вадимович , Nekhozhin Anatoliy Vadimovich
Published: March 2016

Предложена двухслойная математическая модель шейки бедренной кости человека, армированной имплантатами различной конструкции, для моделирования напряжeнно-деформированного состояния, возникающего при хирургической методике профилактики переломов шейки бедра путeм принудительного введения металлических имплантатов. Приведены спроектированные конструкции имплантатов. Разработаны методика и программное обеспечение для геометрического моделирования бедренной кости с внедрeнными имплантатами. Сформулированы постановки новых краевых задач для оценки кинетики напряжeнно-деформированного состояния в армированной и неармированной шейке бедра при длительных статических нагрузках, соответствующих хождению человека, в условиях ползучести. Приведены эффективные упругие характеристики для кортикальной и губчатой кости, силовые и кинематические граничные условия задач. Построена феноменологическая модель ползучести компактной костной ткани, разработана методика идентификации параметров и выполнена проверка еe адекватности экспериментальным данным. На основе метода конечных элементов разработан численный метод решения поставленных краевых задач на уровне макромеханики сплошных сред. Многочисленные вариативные расчeты позволили выработать рекомендации по рациональному позиционированию имплантатов для максимального снижения концентрации напряжений. Выполненный анализ показал, что происходит существенная релаксация напряжений в наиболее нагруженных областях вследствие ползучести, причeм в армированной шейке бедра она происходит более интенсивно, чем в неармированной. Так, для имплантата «спица + спица» при длительности нагружения в течение 1 года при естественных нагрузках, соответствующих хождению человека, напряжeнность в наиболее нагруженной области шейки бедра вследствие ползучести снижается на 49% по отношению к напряжeнности в начальный момент приложения нагрузки. Установлено, что временная составляющая (длительная стационарная нагрузка) не ухудшает положительный эффект от снижения концентрации напряжений за счeт армирования шейки бедра, что является позитивным моментом с точки зрения медицинской практики.
О единственности определения ядра интегро-дифференциального уравнения параболического типа
Authors: Дурдиев Дурдимурод Каландарович , Durdiev Durdimurod Kalandarovich
Published: March 2016

Исследуется задача определения ядра интегрального слагаемого в одномерном интегро-дифференциальном уравнении теплопроводности по известному решению задачи Коши для этого уравнения.
В начале исходная задача заменяется эквивалентной задачей, где в дополнительное условие входит искомое ядро без интеграла.
Изучаются вопросы о единственности нахождения этого ядра.
Далее в предположении, что существуют два решения $k_1(x,t)$ и $k_2(x,t)$, получены интегро-дифференциальные уравнения,
условия Коши и дополнительные условия для разностей решений задач Коши, соответствующих функциям $k_1(x,t)$, $k_2(x,t)$.
Дальнейшие исследования проводятся для разности $k_1(x,t) - k_2(x,t)$ решений поставленной задачи и с помощью техники оценок интегральных уравнений показывается, что $k_1(x,t) \equiv k_2(x,t)$ в классе ядер $k(x,t),$ представимых в виде $k(x,t)=\sum_{i=0}^N a_i(x)b_i(t)$.
Таким образом, доказана теорема о единственности решения поставленной задачи.
Аэроупругая устойчивость круговых цилиндрических оболочек, содержащих текущую жидкость
Authors: Бочкарев Сергей Аркадьевич , Bochkarev Sergey Arkadievich , Лекомцев Сергей Владимирович , Lekomtsev Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: March 2016

Работа посвящена анализу панельного флаттера круговых цилиндрических оболочек, содержащих идеальную сжимаемую жидкость и обтекаемых сверхзвуковым потоком газа. Аэродинамическое давление вычисляется согласно квазистатической аэродинамической теории. Поведение жидкости описывается в рамках потенциальной теории. Соответствующее волновое уравнение совместно с условием непроницаемости и граничными условиями преобразуются к системе уравнений с использованием метода Бубнова-Галeркина. В качестве математической формулировки задачи динамики упругой конструкции используется классическая теория оболочек, основанная на гипотезах Кирхгофа-Лява, и принцип возможных перемещений. В результате решение задачи, осуществляемое с помощью полуаналитического варианта метода конечных элементов, сводится к вычислению комплексных собственных значений связанной системы уравнений. Для этого используется итерационный алгоритм на основе метода Мюллера. Достоверность полученного численного решения задач аэроупругой и гидроупругой устойчивости оценена путeм сравнения с известными теоретическими данными. Для оболочек с разными вариантами граничных условий и линейных размеров представлены результаты численных экспериментов по оценке влияния скорости внутреннего потока жидкости на величину статического давления в невозмущенном потоке газа, выступающего в качестве варьируемого параметра. Установлено, что с возрастанием скорости течения жидкости происходит видоизменение флаттерной потери устойчивости. Продемонстрировано, что с увеличением линейных размеров оболочки стабилизирующее воздействие внутреннего потока жидкости, приводящее к повышению границ аэроупругой устойчивости, сменяется на дестабилизирующее. Конкретные значения геометрических размеров, определяющих изменение в характере динамического поведения, зависят от заданной комбинации граничных условий.
A teatralidade como vetor do ensaio fílmico no documentário brasileiro contemporâneo
Authors: Xavier Ismail
Published: March 2016

Este texto analisa o filme Jogo de cena (2007), de Eduardo Coutinho, recorrendo aos conceitos de filme-ensaio e de teatralidade e tendo como contexto histórico o documentário brasileiro contemporâneo. Pensado como exercício livre das regras de género, o filme-ensaio requer a presença explícita de uma dimensão reflexiva que se apoia no emprego de formas e técnicas cinematográficas concretas. Se filmes como Lettre de Sibérie, Deux ou trois choses que je sais d’elle (1966), de Godard, ou também Santiago (2007), de João Moreira Salles, são ensaios que se constituem pela justaposição entre comentário over e imagem, Jogo de cena, ao contrário, se apoia somente na entrevista em som direto. A indistinção entre mulheres voluntárias que narram a sua própria experiência e atrizes que seguem um script tornam os seus relatos de vida, cada qual a seu modo, expressivos, embora não necessariamente ‘verdadeiros’. Forma de comentar a teatralidade implicada na relação entre depoente, câmera e cineasta, esta indefinição obriga a repensar a relação entre registro documental e teatro, pessoa e personagem, dando ensejo a uma reflexão sobre o sujeito como um constructo e os seus ‘relatos de vida’ como performances catalisadas pelo efeito-câmera. Coutinho inova porque trabalha a reflexividade numa intersecção em que o meta-cinema encontra o meta-teatro, constituindo um filme-ensaio.
A Web e o documentário: uma dupla inseparável?
Authors: Penafria Manuela
Published: March 2016

O webdocumentário é discutido enquanto obra que, no âmbito do atual panorama de produção artística, contribui não apenas para uma evolução do documentário, que se torna interativo mas, também, para uma evolução das tecnologias digitais interativas. Entendo o webdocumentário como um recorte do mundo da vida com dois tipos de abordagem: centrada e global, a que correspondem uma navegação disseminada e cumulativa, respetivamente e nas quais o utilizador assume o papel de explorador.
Delaying cinema: an interview with Laura Mulvey
Authors: Baptista Tiago
Published: March 2016

Interview with Laura Mulvey, recorded in Lisbon, in May 14, 2013.
Where is cinéma going?
Authors: Sarrazin Stephen
Published: March 2016

In the Spring of 2014, three different Tokyo institutions, the National Film Center, Espace Vuitton, and the Tokyo Museum of Modern art, all held exhibitions related to the moving image. From Yasujiro Ozu to Steve McQueen to Pierre Huyghe and others, this essay considers distinctions on the exhibiting of cinema.
Effets de présence, délocalisations et relocalisations des images : le médium en quête d’espace ?
Authors: Léon Benjamin Philippe
Published: March 2016

Retour sur la “XII MAGIS - Gorizia International Film Studies Spring School”, qui aura permis durant une semaine d’élaborer une somme de réflexions autour des images à l’heure du contemporain. Une conférence aux réflexions stimulantes et stimulées par l’approche plurielle du “FilmForum”.
Space and Intermediality in Jia Zhang-ke’s Still Life
Authors: Mello Cecília
Published: March 2016

This article is dedicated to an analysis of Chinese director Jia Zhang-ke’s film Still Life (San Xia Hao Ren 三峡好人, 2006) from the point of view of its intermedial relationship with Chinese landscape painting. As I will suggest, Jia’s discovery of a real landscape and a vanishing cityscape in this film, shot on location in the region of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, springs from a realist impulse and from an original aesthetic response to a new historical and social conjuncture. But while it seems firmly located in the landscape of contemporary China, the film also shares aesthetic qualities with the tradition of Chinese landscape painting, mounted on hanging or hand scrolls. A focus on this particular instance of intermediality leads to a reflection on cinema’s spatial organization in light of current revisions in film and audiovisual theory, which suggest that filmic space and its spectatorial experience should be considered above all from the point of view of touch and movement. It also allows for a broader understanding of the political implications of intermediality in Jia Zhang-ke’s oeuvre, fruit of an organic link between form and content that brings a historical resonance to a contemporary perspective.
Sticking to the “Factual.” Man Ray’s Le Retour à la raison (1923), Marcel Duchamp’s Anémic cinéma (1924–26) and Peter Tscherkassky’s Dream Work (2001)
Authors: Jutz Gabriele
Published: March 2016

The present article seeks to show that, for the Dadaists, film was an unsatisfying medium because as a technically reproduced artifact it counteracted Dada’s sense of immediacy. The focus of my text revolves around the notion of “facticity” inspired by Wieland Herzfelde, for whom Dada represented a reaction to all attempts at disavowing the “factual.” Manifestations of Dada, such as the readymade, live performance, collage, photomontage and not least the photogram, attest to a radically new understanding of realism in art, adhering to an “anti-mimetic concept of realism” (Elsaesser). As I will argue, Dada did not capitulate to film, but made a ‘compromise,’ by exploring different strategies to reinsert the “factual“ into this medium of reproduction. This could be done by (1) turning a screening into a live performance, (2) eliciting a bodily reaction in the spectator, (3) experimenting with hand-made, camera-less devices of film making, and (4) calling to mind the material existence of the cinematic apparatus. What these strategies have in common is to minimalize (although not necessarily to abolish) the distance between “reality” and its representation in order to maintain film’s initial tactility, as described by Walter Benjamin in “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.” Man Ray’s Le Retour à la raison (1923) and Marcel Duchamp’s Anémic cinéma (1924–26) are prototypes of the Dadaist ‘compromise.’ A similar impetus can be found in a more recent example, Dream Work (2001), the third part of Peter Tscherkassky’s CinemaScope-Trilogy, which explicitly refers to the early days of French experimental film. What these three films, despite their differences, have in common, is to privilege a certain immediacy (be it during the moment of production or during the moment of reception) and to include an element of tactility, usually absent from cinematic works.
Cinema do exílio. Entrevista com Lars Safstrom e Luiz Alberto Sanz
Authors: Leandro Anita
Published: March 2016

Pioneiros do cinema político dos anos 1970, na Suécia, os cineastas Lars Safstrom e Luiz Alberto Sanz registraram diversas entrevistas com brasileiros exilados na Europa naquele período. Os filmes que eles realizaram juntos são, hoje, arquivos para o documentário brasileiro contemporâneo. Depois de mais de três décadas sem se ver, eles se encontraram no Rio de Janeiro no final de 2014. Nessa entrevista concedida a Anita Leandro, eles falam da estrutura de produção e distribuição criada na Suécia e do engajamento dos filmes que fizeram em relação à história e à memória.
¿Qué quiere de mí esa foto? La imagen de perpetrador de Bophana y su contracampo. Iconografías del genocídio camboyano
Authors: Sánchez-Biosca Vicente
Published: March 2016

Imágenes de perpetradores son aquéllas que forman parte de la maquinaria de destrucción (tortura, genocidio...), es decir que entre el ejercicio de la violencia y el dispositivo de producción de imágenes existe una compenetración. Sin embargo, tal condición no prejuzga el grado de implicación (personal, temporal, espacial) entre estos dos procesos, entre los que pueden existir hiatos. El objetivo del presente texto es analizar la producción y migración de una imagen-icono de perpetrador asociada al genocidio camboyano (la de Hout Bophana). En un primer momento, se determina el proceso de gestación (pragmático) de estos mug shots que identificaban a los detenidos, poniendo de relieve su modalidad de perpetrador. En un segundo momento, se estudia el uso, reapropiación, inserción, détournement de esta misma imagen siñalética en dos films dirigidos por Rithy Panh: Bophana, une tragédie combodgienne (1996) y Duch. Le maître des forges de l’enfer (2011). En el itinerario propuesto se transita de la realización de una imagen performativa (que produce un enemigo, en lugar de sólo registrarlo) hasta su confrontación con el perpetrador responsable de su ejecución, pasando por la reelaboración pictórica y cinematográfica de la contrafigura, el contracampo, de esa imagen de perpetrador.
L’usine à rêves de Jean Desmet
Authors: Grignard Eline
Published: March 2016

Critique de l'exposition "Jean Desmet’s Dream Factory. The Adventurous Years of Film (1907-1916)" organisée au Eye Film Institute d'Amsterdam. Rendant hommage à l'opérateur cinématographique et colectionneur Jean Desmet, l'exposition présente une vaste sélection de sa collection de films, ainsi que quelques archives rares.
“Mere Measurement Plus”: How Solicitation of Open-Ended Positive Feedback Influences Customer Purchase Behavior
Authors: Bone Sterling A. , Lemon Katherine N. , Voorhees Clay M. , Liljenquist Katie A. , Fombelle Paul W. , Detienne Kristen Bell , Money R. Bruce
Published: March 2016

In two studies (a longitudinal field experiment with an established business-to-consumer national chain, and a field experiment with a business-to-business software manufacturer), the authors demonstrate that starting a survey with an open-ended positive solicitation increases customer purchase behavior. Study 1, a longitudinal field experiment, shows that one year after the completion of a survey that began by asking customers what went well during their purchase experience, those customers spent 8.25% more than customers who had completed a survey that did not include the positive solicitation. Study 2 utlizes multiple treatment groups to assess the stepwise gains of solicitation, measurement, and solicitation frame. The results demonstrate (1) a mere solicitation effect, (2) a traditional mere measurement effect, and (3) an additional “mere measurement plus” effect of an open-ended positive solicitation; all effects increased customer spending. Specifically, starting a survey with an open-ended positive solicitation resulted in a 32.88% increase in customer spending relative to a survey with no open-ended positive solicitation. The findings suggest that firms can proactively influence the feedback process. Soliciting open-ended positive feedback can create positively biased memories of an experience; the subsequent expression of those memories in an open-ended feedback format further reinforces them, making them more salient and accessible in guiding future purchase behavior.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Selected Treatments of Nosema Spp. Infection by the Hemocytometric Method and Duplex Pcr
Authors: Michalczyk Maria , Sokół Rajmund , Koziatek Sylwia
Published: March 2016

Recent years have witnessed an increase in the mortality of honey bees in many regions of the world. The observed decrease in the bee population results from a combination of factors, and microsporidian parasites Nosema apis and N. ceranae are among the main contributors. Those parasites cause a microsporidian infection that shortens the lifespan of bees and reduces the productivity of bee colonies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Nozevit, Api Herb and ApiX (acetylsalicylic acid + Artemisia absinthium L. extract) in the control of infections caused by Nosema spp. in a field experiment. Two groups of worker bees were evaluated - hive bees and forager bees returning to the hive. The effect of the analyzed therapies on the number of spores and the microsporidia species were analyzed by the hemocytometric method and duplex PCR. A statistical analysis revealed that the applied treatments had reduced the number of spores by 31.15% on average. In hive bees, Nosema spp. infection was most effectively reduced by Nozevit (67.85%) and ApiX (63.36%). Coinfections (N. ceranae and N. apis) were affirmed in all bee samples before treatments. However, after the treatments, single infection of N. apis and N. ceranae were detected. The tested treatments were more effective in the control of N. apis than N. ceranae.
Haemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome in Fattenig Pigs
Authors: Novotný Jaroslav , Reichel Peter , Kovačocyová Katarína , Cigánková Viera , Almášiová Viera , Šipoš Dioníz
Published: March 2016

The aim of this work was to determine the possible causes of sudden death in fattening pigs associated with haemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) in a commercial pig farm (Eastern Slovakia). The etiology and pathogenesis of haemorrhagic bowel syndrome is not clearly defined within the scientific community. For this reason, clinical examination and sampling from 90 kg finisher pigs was done. Samples of blood, faeces, and rectal swabs were taken for haematological, serological, bacteriological, virological, and parasitological examination. Necropsy and sampling was also conducted on the carcasses of 90 kg finisher pigs that died peracutely during the investigation period. Three weeks later, during slaughter of the same group of pigs, goal-directed investigation and sampling from the gastrointestinal system for histological examination was performed. Results show the presence of bloody diarrhoea caused by L. intracellularis, C. perfringens typ A and haemolytic E. coli. Inflammation and loss of blood led to moderate normochromic (haemoglobin 12.85±0.95 g.dl-1) normocytic anaemia (erythrocytes 3.38±0.17 T.l-1), hydremia (haematocrit 0.17±0.01 l.l-1) and mild leukocytosis (18.7±4.68 G.l-1). Diagnostic necropsy confirmed the picture of “haemorrhagic bowel syndrome„ caused by infection and subsequent enterotoxemia without presence of gastric or intestinal displacement. Slaughter examination showed picture of proliferative ileitis typical for L. intracellularis. On the basis of our examinations, a major role in haemorrhagic bowel syndrome played infectious agents such as L. intracellularis, C. perfringens typ A and haemolytic E. coli. Negative findings of salmonellosis, dysentery, feed mycotoxins, intestinal parasites, and pollution of drinking water exclude these factors from the etiology of haemorrhagic bowel syndrome.
Voltage stability in low voltage microgrids in aspects of active and reactive power demand
Authors: Parol Mirosław , Rokicki Łukasz
Published: March 2016

Low voltage microgrids are autonomous subsystems, in which generation, storage and power and electrical energy consumption appear. In the paper the main attention has been paid to the voltage stability issue in low voltage microgrid for different variants of its operation. In the introduction a notion of microgrid has been presented, and also the issue of influence of active and reactive power balance on node voltage level has been described. Then description of voltage stability issue has been presented. The conditions of voltage stability and indicators used to determine voltage stability margin in the microgrid have been described. Description of the low voltage test microgrid, as well as research methodology along with definition of considered variants of its operation have been presented further. The results of exemplary calculations carried out for the daily changes in node load of the active and reactive power, i.e. the voltage and the voltage stability margin indexes in nodes have been presented. Furthermore, the changes of voltage stability margin indexes depending on the variant of the microgrid operation have been presented. Summary and formulation of conclusions related to the issue of voltage stability in microgrids have been included at the end of the paper.
Three phase active power filter with selective harmonics elimination
Authors: Sozański Krzysztof
Published: March 2016

This paper describes a three phase shunt active power filter with selective harmonics elimination. The control algorithm is based on a digital filter bank. The moving Discrete Fourier Transformation is used as an analysis filter bank. The correctness of the algorithm has been verified by simulation and experimental research. The paper includes exemplary results of current waveforms and their spectra from a three phase active power filter.
Spectral and integral methods of determining parameters in selected electric arc models with a forced sinusoid current circuit
Authors: Sawicki Antoni , Haltof Maciej
Published: March 2016

The paper discusses problems arising in attempts to accurately represent dynamic processes of an electric arc by means of simple mathematical models. It describes the properties of the universal Pentegov model, employing any shape of static voltagecurrent characteristics of an arc. Next, it presents spectral and integral measuring methods for determining arc parameters in the Mayr, Cassie and Pentegov models of the electric arc with a forced sinusoid current circuit, with the raising static characteristics of hyperbolic-flat and hyperbolic-linear shape. The influence is discussed of the random power supply disturbances on errors of determining the mathematical model parameters.
Thirty-six pulse rectifier scheme based on zigzag auto-connected transformer
Authors: Xiao-Qiang Chen , Chun-Ling Hao , Hao Qiu , Min Li
Published: March 2016

In this paper, a low kilo-volt-ampere rating zigzag connected autotransformer based 36-pulse rectifier system supplying vector controlled induction motor drives (VCIMD) is designed, modeled and simulated. Detailed design procedure and magnetic rating calculation of the proposed autotransformer and interphase reactor is studied. Moreover, the design process of the autotransformer is modified to make it suitable for retrofit applications. Simulation results confirm that the proposed 36-pulse rectifier system is able to suppress less than 35thharmonics in the utility line current. The influence of load variation and load character is also studied to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed 36-pulse rectifiers. A set of power quality indices at AC mains and DC link are presented to compare the performance of 6-, 24- and 36-pulse AC-DC converters.
Magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction for biological tissue imaging: numerical modelling and simulations
Authors: Żywica Adam Ryszard
Published: March 2016

Many imaging techniques are playing an increasingly significant role in clinical diagnosis. In the last years especially noninvasive electrical conductivity imaging methods have been investigated. Magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI) combines favourable contrast of electromagnetic tomography with good spatial resolution of sonography. In this paper a finite element model of MAT-MI forward problem has been presented. The reconstruction of the Lorentz force distribution has been performed with the help of a time reversal algorithm.
Internal Friction and Microstructure of Ti and Ti-Mo Alloys Containing Oxygen
Authors: Martins J.R.S. , Araújo R.O. , Nogueira R.A. , Grandini C.R.
Published: March 2016

Ti-Mo alloys are promising materials for use as biomaterials, because these alloys have excellent corrosion resistance and a good combination of mechanical properties such as fatigue, low elastic modulus, hardness, and wear resistance. The objective of this paper was to study the effect of heavy interstitial atoms on anelastic properties of Ti-Mo alloys using mechanical spectroscopy. The internal friction and Young’s modulus were measured as a function of temperature using dynamic mechanical analyser. The internal friction spectra were brought about by relaxation processes attributed to shortrange stress induced reorientation of interstitial and substitutional complexes in solid solution. It is suggested that the nature of the relaxing entities can be worked out in further research on Ti-Mo single crystals.
Alkaline Leaching of Low Zinc Content Iron-Bearing Sludges
Authors: Gargul K. , Jarosz P. , Małecki S.
Published: March 2016

Various types of waste materials containing zinc (e.g. dusts and sludges from gas dedusting process) are obtained in steel industry. The contents of Zn in these materials may vary considerably. Even a low concentration of zinc in recirculated products precludes their recycling in ferrous metallurgy aggregates. Long storage of this type of material can lead to contamination of soil and water by zinc compounds which can be leached out by acid rain, for example. This paper focuses on research involving alkaline leaching tests of low zinc content iron-bearing materials. These tests were preceded by the analysis of the elemental, phase and grain size composition, and analysis of the thermodynamic conditions of the leaching process. The main aim of research was to decrease the content of the zinc in the sludge to the level where it is suitable as an iron-bearing material for iron production (~1% Zn). Leaching at elevated temperatures (368 K, 60 min) has led to a decrease in the zinc content in the sludge of about 66%. The research revealed that long hour leaching (298 K, 100 hours) carried out at ambient temperatures caused a reduction in zinc content by 60% to the value of 1.15-1.2% Zn.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CrMoV Steel after Long-Term Service
Authors: Golański G. , Pietryka I. , Słania J. , Mroziński S. , Jasak J.
Published: March 2016

The paper presents the results of research on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 12HMF steel after longterm service. The investigated material was taken from a pipeline with circumferential welded joint after 419 988 hours of service at the temperature of 490°C, steam pressure 8 MPa. Performed research has shown that the 12HMF steel after service was characterized by a typical microstructure for this grade of steel, that is a ferritic-bainitic microstructure without any visible advanced processes of its degradation. The investigation of mechanical properties has shown that the examined steel after service was characterized by a very low impact energy KV, and yield strength lower than the required minimum. Whilst tensile strength and yield strength determined at elevated temperature was higher and similar to the standard requirements, respectively. It has been proved that the main cause of an increase in brittleness and a decrease in yield strength of the examined steel should be seen in the segregation of phosphorus to grain boundaries and the formation of precipitate free zones near the boundaries.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of PM Mn-Cr-Mo Steels With Low Carbon Concentration
Authors: Lichańska E. , Sułowski M. , Ciaś A.
Published: March 2016

The effect of chemical composition of the sintering atmosphere on the microstructure and mechanical properties of PM structural low-carbon steels is presented. The base powders were Astaloy CrL, Astaloy CrM, low carbon ferromanganese and graphite C-UF. From the base powders two mixtures with compositions of Fe-3%Mn-(1.5/3%)Cr-(0.2/0.5)%Mo-0.2%C were prepared. Following pressing in a steel rigid die, compacts were sintered at 1250°C for 60 min in a semi-closed container. 5%H2-95%N2mixture and air were the sintering atmospheres. For sintering in air, lumps of ferromanganese were placed with the compacts in the container. After sintering, half of the samples were tempered at 200°C for 60 minutes in air. Mechanical tests (tensile, bend, toughness, hardness) and microstructural investigations were performed.

The microstructures of the steels were inhomogeneous, mainly ferritic-bainic. Tempering of steel based on Astaloy CrM sintered in an atmosphere of 5% H2-95% N2slightly reduced tensile strength and toughness: from 748 to 734 MPa and from 7.15 to 6.83 J/cm2, respectively. Chemical composition had a greater effect; steels based on Astaloy CrL and Astaloy CrM had tensile strengths 526-665 and 672-748 MPa, hardness 280-325 and 388-421 HV, respectively. The best properties were obtained after sintering in air of Fe-3%Mn-3%Cr-0.5%Mo-0.2%C without heat treatment: tensile strength 672 MPa, toughness 6.93 J/cm2, hardness 421.1 HV, 0.2 % offset yield strength 395 MPa.