bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing radial distribution system performance by optimal placement of DSTATCOM
Authors: Mekhamer S. F. , Shehata R. H. , Abdelaziz A. Y. , Al-Gabalawy M. A.
Published: March 2020

In this paper, A novel modified optimization method was used to find

the optimal location and size for placing distribution Static Compensator in the radial distribution test feeder in order to improve its performance by minimizing the total power losses of the test feeder, enhancing the voltage profile and reducing the costs. The modified grey wolf optimization algorithm is used for the first time to solve this kind of optimization problem. An objective function was developed to study the radial distribution system included total power loss of the system and costs due to power loss in system. The proposed method is applied to two different test distribution feeders (33 bus and 69 bus test systems) using different Dstatcom sizes and the acquired results were analyzed and compared to other recent optimization methods applied to the same test feeders to ensure the effectiveness of

the used method and its superiority over other recent optimization mehods. The major findings from obtained results that the applied technique found

the most minimized total power loss in system ,the best improved voltage profile and most reduction in costs due power loss compared to other methods

.
Application of resistance energy model to optimising electric power consumption of a belt conveyor system
Authors: Akparibo Awingot Richard , Normanyo Erwin
Published: March 2020

Driven by constantly increasing energy demands, prices, environmental impact caused by carbon dioxide emissions and global warming, efficient use of energy is gaining grounds in both public and private enterprises. The energy consumption of belt conveyors can be lowered using energy modelling techniques. In this research,

a resistance-based mathematical energy model was utilised in

the electrical energy efficiency optimisation of the troughed, inclined belt conveyor system taking into account indentation rolling resistance, bulk solid flexure resistance and secondary resistance as they together contribute 89% resistance to motion. An optimisation problem was formulated to optimise the electrical energy efficiency of the belt conveyor system and subsequently solved using

the “fmincon” solver and interior point algorithm of the MATLAB optimisation toolbox. Analysis of simulation results showed that for the same given operating capacities, an average energy saving of about 7.42% and an annual total cost savings of Gh¢ 5, 852, 669.00 (USD 1, 083, 827.59) for a 2592-hour operation can be achieved when the used model and optimisation technique are employed over the constant speed operation.
Feasibility analysis of an off-grid photovoltaic-battery energy system for a farm facility
Authors: Babatunde Damilola Elizabeth , Babatunde Olubayo Moses , Uzoamaka Emezirinwune Micheal , Denwigwe Iheanacho Henry , Okharedia Taiwo Emmanuel , Omodara Oladele Julius
Published: March 2020

Renewable energy plays a very important role in the improvement and promotion of environmental sustainability in agricultural-related activities.

This paper evaluates the techno-economic and environmental benefits of deploying photovoltaic (PV)- battery systems in a livestock farmhouse.

For the energy requirements of the farm to be determined, a walkthrough energy audit is conducted on the farmhouse. The farm selected for this study is located in southern Nigeria. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s Hybrid Optimization Modeling for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software was adapted for the purpose of the techno-economic analysis. It is found that a standalone PV/battery-powered system in farmhouse applications has higher economic viability when compared to its diesel-powered counterparts in terms of total net present cost (TNPC). A saving of 48% is achievable over the TNPC and Cost of Energy with zero emissions. The results obtained show

the numerous benefits of replacing diesel generators with renewable energy sources such as PV-battery systems in farming applications.
Photovoltaic solar farm; earthing system design for cost reduction and system compliance
Authors: Nassereddine Mohamad , Ali Khaled , Nohra Chadi
Published: March 2020

The increasing demand for green sustainable energy source led to a worldwide increase in the installation of large scale photovoltaic (PV) farms. To ensure the PV farms compliance with safety and operational guidelines, earthing systems are essential component of the design. An adequate earthing system for low, medium, and high voltage areas of the PV farm ensures energy under fault condition and system malfunction are absorbed without exceeding the desirable limits. The work in this paper captures the soil resistivity and the earthing system requirements for each voltage level. The paper highlights the boundaries for combined or separate earthing system between low, medium and high voltage. Furthermore, the works focus on the system cost and maintenance without jeopardizing system integrities and safety compliance. Case study is also included.
Hybrid energy storage system optimal sizing for urban electrical bus regarding battery thermal behavior
Authors: Faresse Si Mohamed , Assini Mohamed , Saad Abdallah
Published: March 2020

This paper proposes an algorithm for sizing the hybrid energy storage system of an urban electrical bus regarding battery thermal behavior. The aim of this study is to get the supercapacitors optimal contribution part in the hybrid energy storage system to keep the battery temperature within its allowable limit. A semi-active parallel topology that uses supercapacitors as a main source of energy is considered. According to the bus mechanical parameters and the ARTEMIS driving cycle, the power and energy demand are calculated. Using mathematical models for the battery, supercapacitors and DC-DC converter, several simulations are performed for different hybridization percentages. While observing the evolution of battery temperature, the most favorable hybridization percentage is defined.
A SIMSCAPE based design of a dual maximum power point tracker of a stand-alone photovoltaic system
Authors: Ibbini Mohammed S. , Adawi Abdullah H.
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the simulation of a dual maximum power point tracker (dual-MPPT) and attempt to get the global maximum power point GMPP under partial shading conditions for a solar photovoltaic module using MATLAB SIMSCAPE. Traditional single MPP trackers are less efficient than dual MPP trackers and have greater sensitivity to partial shading. By using dual MPP trackers, one can get several features such as the possibility of connecting two arrays with different string sizes or different solar azimuths or tilts within high efficiency. This paper focuses on making the photovoltaic system work at maximum possible power under partial shading condition by using dual MPP trackers to achieve the convergence toward the global maximum power point GMPP.
Design modern structure for heterojunction quantum dot solar cells
Authors: Thabet A. , Abdelhady S. , Mobarak Youssef
Published: March 2020

This paper proposal new structure for improving the optical, electrical characteristics and efficiency of 3rd generation heterojunction quantum dot solar cell (HJQDSC) (ITO/CdS/QDPbS/Au) model by using the quantum dot window layer instead of bulk structure layers cell. Also, this paper presents theoretically analysis for the performance of the proposal HJQDSC (ITO/QDCdS/QDPbS/Au) structure. The new design structure was applied on traditional (SnO2/CdS/CdTe/Cu) and (ZnO/CdS/CIGS/Mo) thin film solar cells which based on sub-micro absorber layer thickness models by replacing the bulk CdTe, CIGS absorber layers and CdS window layer with quantum dot size materials to achieve higher efficiency with lesser usage layer material. Also, it has been studied the effect of using semiconductors layers in quantum dots size on electric and optical properties of thin film solar cells and the effect of window and absorber layers quantum dots radii on the performance of solar cells. Finally, a thermal efficiency analysis has been investigated for explaining the importance of new structure HJQD solar cells.
Enhancing DSSC conversion efficiency by ozone-treated TiO2 photoanode and optimum CNT/PDDA counter electrode
Authors: Kurokawa Yoshiki , Nguyen Dang Trang , Fujimoto Ryota , Taguchi Kozo
Published: March 2020

The conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) depends on the performance of the photoanode and the counter electrode. In this paper, UV-ozone treatment has been applied to the photoanode to clean and increase the hydrophilicity of the photoanode. As a result, the dye adsorption capacity was improved. Also, low-cost multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) combined with poly (diallyl dimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) was used to fabricate the counter electrode. The CNT/PDDA counter electrode was optimized to maximize its performance. By using the ozone-treated photoanode and optimum CNT/PDDA counter electrode, the conversion efficiency has increased by about 64%.
Towards optimize-ESA for text semantic similarity: A case study of biomedical text
Authors: Mrhar Khaoula , Abik Mounia
Published: March 2020

Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA) is an approach to measure the semantic relatedness between terms or documents based on similarities to documents of a references corpus usually Wikipedia. ESA usage has received tremendous attention in the field of natural language processing NLP and information retrieval. However, ESA utilizes a huge Wikipedia index matrix in its interpretation by multiplying a large matrix by a term vector to produce a high-dimensional vector. Consequently, the ESA process is too expensive in interpretation and similarity steps. Therefore, the efficiency of ESA will slow down because we lose a lot of time in unnecessary operations. This paper propose enhancements to ESA called optimize-ESA that reduce the dimension at the interpretation stage by computing the semantic similarity in a specific domain. The experimental results show clearly that our method correlates much better with human judgement than the full version ESA approach.
Performance analysis of bio-signal processing in ocean environment using soft computing techniques
Authors: Krishnamoorthy N. R. , Rajkumar Immanuel , Alexander Jerry , Marshiana D.
Published: March 2020

Wireless communication has become an essential technology in our day-to-day life both in air and water medium. To monitor the health parameter of human begins, advancement techniques like internet of things is evolved. But to analyze underwater living organisms health parameters, researchers finding difficulties to do so. The reason behind is underwater channels has drawbacks like signal degradation due to multipath propagation, severe ambient noise and Attenuation by bottom and surface loss. In this paper Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is used to perform data transfer in water medium. A sample EEG signal is generated and trained with 2 and 20 hidden layers. Simulation result showed that error free communication is achieved with 20 hidden layers at 10th iteration. The proposed algorithm is validated using a real time watermark toolbox. Two different modulation scheme was applied along with ANN. In the first scenario, the EEG signal is modulated using convolution code and decoded by Viterbi Algorithm. Multiplexing technique is applied in the second scenario. It is observed that energy level in the order of 40 dB is required for least error rate. It is also evident from simulation result that maximum of 5% CP can be maintained to attain the least Mean Square Error.
Pipelined vedic multiplier with manifold adder complexity levels
Authors: Eshack Ansiya , Krishnakumar S.
Published: March 2020

Recently, the increased use of portable devices, has driven the research world to design systems with low power-consumption and high throughput. Vedic multiplier provides least delay even in complex multiplications when compared to other conventional multipliers. In this paper, a 64-bit multiplier is created using the Urdhava Tiryakbhyam sutra in Vedic mathematics. The design of this 64-bit multiplier is implemented in five different ways with the pipelining concept applied at different stages of adder complexities. The different architectures show different delay and power consumption. It is noticed that as complexity of adders in the multipliers reduce, the systems show improved speed and least hardware utilization. The architecture designed using 2 x 2 – bit pipelined Vedic multiplier is, then, compared with existing Vedic multipliers and conventional multipliers and shows least delay.
Memory and I/O optimized rectilinear steiner minimum tree routing for VLSI
Authors: N. R. Latha , Prasad G.R.
Published: March 2020

As the size of devices are scaling down at rapid pace, the interconnect delay play a major part in performance of IC chips. Therefore minimizing delay and wire length is the most desired objective. FLUTE (Fast Look-Up table) presented a fast and accurate RSMT (Rectilinear Steiner Minimum Tree) construction for both smaller and higher degree net. FLUTE presented an optimization technique that reduces time complexity for RSMT construction for both smaller and larger degree nets. However for larger degree net this technique induces memory overhead, as it does not consider the memory requirement in constructing RSMT. Since availability of memory is very less and is expensive, it is desired to utilize memory more efficiently which in turn results in reducing I/O time (i.e. reduce the number of I/O disk access). The proposed work presents a Memory Optimized RSMT (MORSMT) construction in order to address the memory overhead for larger degree net. The depth-first search and divide and conquer approach is adopted to build a Memory optimized tree. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of proposed approach over existing model for varied benchmarks in terms of computation time, memory overhead and wire length. The experimental results show that the proposed model is scalable and efficient.
Thermal response of skin diseased tissue treated by plasmonic nanoantenna
Authors: H. Mahdi Rasha , Jawad Hussein A.
Published: March 2020

The thermal distribution in the diseased tissue treated by different methods faces the problem of an uncontrollable defused heat. In the present article, we use a plasmonic bowtie nanoantenna working in the near infrared region to enhance the temperature confinement in the tissue. The Computer Simulation Technology Studio Suite package version 2019 was used to execute the design of both plasmonic nanoantenna and the tissue. Gold nanostructure and silicon carbide dioxide are the components the plasmonic nanoantenna in the bowtie shape. The results showed that the distance between the tumor tissue and the antenna is important to determine the intensity field where the maximum field is 5.9*107 V/m at a distance of 100 nm. The maximum specific absorption rate is 1.92*1011 W/kg at a similar distance which gives a higher temperature in the tissue of 580 Co. It is concluded that from the obtained results that the near infrared (1064 nm) resonance wavelength is recommended in the treatment of cancer cell by plasmonic bowtie nanoantenna because higher intensity field is generated. The closer distance to the nanoantenna gives higher temperature in the tissue while the temperature gradually decreases in the tissue till 400 nm where no valuable temperature was detected.
Human gait recognition using preprocessing and classification techniques
Authors: Jameel Samer Kais , Qadir Jihad Anwar , Ahmed Mohammed Hussein
Published: March 2020

Biometric recognition systems have been attracted numerous researchers since they attempt to overcome the problems and factors weakening these systems including problems of obtaining images indeed not appearing the resolution or the object completely. In this work, the object movement reliance was considered to distinguish the human through his/her gait. Some losing features probably weaken the system’s capability in recognizing the people, hence, we propose using all data recorded by the Kinect sensor with no employing the feature extraction methods based on the literature. In these studies, coordinates of 20 points are recorded for each person in various genders and ages, walking with various directions and speeds, creating 8404 constraints. Moreover, pre-processing methods are utilized to measure its influences on the system efficiency through testing on six types of classifiers. Within the proposed approach, a noteworthy recognition rate was obtained reaching 91% without examining the descriptors.
Decomposition of color wavelet with higher order statistical texture and convolutional neural network features set based classification of colorectal polyps from video endoscopy
Authors: Shafi A. S. M. , Rahman Mohammad Motiur
Published: March 2020

Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the leading causes of death across the world. The gastrointestinal polyps are considered as the precursors of developing this malignant cancer. In order to condense the probability of cancer, early detection and removal of colorectal polyps can be cogitated. The most used diagnostic modality for colorectal polyps is video endoscopy. But the accuracy of diagnosis mostly depends on doctors' experience that is crucial to detect polyps in many cases. Computer-aided polyp detection is promising to reduce the miss detection rate of the polyp and thus improve the accuracy of diagnosis results. The proposed method first detects polyp and non-polyp then illustrates an automatic polyp classification technique from endoscopic video through color wavelet with higher-order statistical texture feature and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Gray Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM) is used for higher-order statistical texture features of different directions (Ɵ = 0o, 45o, 90o, 135o). The features are fed into a linear support vector machine (SVM) to train the classifier. The experimental result demonstrates that the proposed approach is auspicious and operative with residual network architecture, which triumphs the best performance of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 98.83%, 97.87%, and 99.13% respectively for classification of colorectal polyps on standard public endoscopic video databases.
Optimized BER for channel equalizer using cuckoo search and neural network
Authors: Katwal Swati , Bhatia Vinay
Published: March 2020

The digital data transfer faces issues regarding Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI); therefore, the error rate becomes dependent upon channel estimation and its equalization. This paper focuses on the development of a method for optimizing the channel data to improve ISI by utilizing a swarm intelligence series algorithm termed as Cuckoo Search (CS). The adjusted data through CS is cross-validated using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The data acceptance rate is considered with 0-10% marginal error which varies in the given range with different bit streams. The performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm using the Average Bit Error Rate (A-BER) and Logarithmic Bit Error Rate (L-BER) had shown an overall improvement of 30-50% when compared with the Kalman filter based algorithm.
Personal identity verification based ECG biometric using non-fiducial features
Authors: Elshahed Marwa A.
Published: March 2020

Biometrics was used as an automated and fast acceptable technology for human identification and it may be behavioral or physiological traits. Any biometric system based on identification or verification modes for human identity. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is considered as one of the physiological biometrics which impossible to mimic or stole. ECG feature extraction methods were performed using fiducial or non-fiducial approaches. This research presents an authentication ECG biometric system using non-fiducial features obtained by Discrete Wavelet Decomposition and the Euclidean Distance technique was used to implement the identity verification. From the obtained results, the proposed system accuracy is 96.66% also, using the verification system is preferred for a large number of individuals as it takes less time to get the decision.
Content adaptive single image interpolation based super resolution of compressed images
Authors: Singh Amanjot , Singh Jagroop
Published: March 2020

Image Super resolution is used to upscale the low resolution Images. It is also known as image upscaling .This paper focuses on upscaling of compressed images based on Interpolation techniques. A content adaptive interpolation method of image upscaling has been proposed. This interpolation based scheme is useful for single image based Super-resolution (SR) methods .The presented method works on horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions of an image separately and it is adaptive to the local content of an image. This method relies only on single image and uses the content of the original image only; therefore the proposed method is more practical and realistic. The simulation results have been compared to other standard methods with the help of various performance matrices like PSNR, MSE, MSSIM etc. which indicates the preeminence of the proposed method.
Efficient and secure real-time mobile robots cooperation using visual servoing
Authors: Boudra Soumia , Berrached Nasr-Eddine , Dahane Amine
Published: March 2020

This paper deals with the challenging problem of navigation in formation of mobiles robots fleet. For that purpose, a secure approach is used based on visual servoing to control velocities (linear and angular) of the multiple robots. To construct our system, we develop the interaction matrix which combines the moments in the image with robots velocities and we estimate the depth between each robot and the targeted object. This is done without any communication between the robots which eliminate the problem of the influence of each robot errors on the whole. For a successful visual servoing, we propose a powerful mechanism to execute safely the robots navigation, exploiting a robot accident reporting system using raspberry Pi3. In addition, in case of problem, a robot accident detection reporting system testbed is used to send an accident notification, in the form of a specifical message. Experimental results are presented using nonholonomic mobiles robots with on-board real time cameras, to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A robust diagnosis method for speed sensor fault based on stator currents in the RFOC induction motor drive
Authors: Tran Cuong Dinh , Brandstetter Pavel , Nguyen Minh Chau Huu , Ho Sang Dang , Dinh Bach Hoang , Pham Phuong Nhat
Published: March 2020

A valid diagnosis method for the speed sensor failure (SSF) is an essential requirement to ensure the reliability of Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) models in induction motor drive (IMD) systems. Most recent researches have focused on directly comparing the measured and estimated rotor speed signal to detect the speed sensor fault. However, using that such estimated value in both the fault diagnosis and the controller reconfiguration phases leads to the insufficient performance of FTC modes. In this paper, a novel diagnosis-technique based on the stator current model combined with a confusion prevention condition is proposed to detect the failure states of the speed sensor in the IMD systems. It helps the FTC mode to separate between the diagnosis and reconfiguration phases against a speed sensor fault. This proposed SSF diagnosis method can also effectively apply for IMs’ applications at the low-speed range where the speed sensor signal often suffers from noise. MATLAB/Simulink software has been used to implement the simulations in various speed ranges. The achieved results have demonstrated the capability and effectiveness of the proposed SSF method against speed sensor faults.
Evolutionary algorithms based tuning of PID controller for an AVR system
Authors: Govindan Petchinathan
Published: March 2020

In this paper, an evolutionary algorithm based optimization algorithm is proposed with new objective function to design a PID controller for the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system. The new objective function is proposed to improve the transient response of the AVR control system and to obtain the optimal values of controller gain. In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and cuckoo search (CS) algorithms are proposed to tune the parameters of a PID controller for the control of AVR system. Simulation results are capable and illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Numerical and simulation results based on the proposed tuning approach on PID control of an AVR system for servo and regulatory control show the excellent performance of PSO and CS optimization algorithms.
Design and control technique for single phase bipolar H-bridge inverter connected to the grid
Authors: Hassaine Linda , Bengourina Mohamed Rida
Published: March 2020

The power quality injected into the grid and the performance of the converter system depend on the quality of the inverter current control.

This paper proposes a design and control technique for a photovoltaic inverter connected to the grid based on the digital pulse-width modulation (DSPWM) which can synchronise a sinusoidal output current with a grid voltage and control a power factor. The current injected must be sinusoidal with reduced harmonic distortion. The connected PV system is based on H-Bridge inverter controlled by bipolar PWM Switching. The current control technique and functional structure of this system are presented and simulated. Detailed analysis, Simulations results of output voltage and current waveform demonstrate the contribution of this approach to determinate the suitable control of the system. A digital design of a generator PWM using VHDL is proposed and implemented on an Xilinx FPGA and it has been validated with experimental results. As a result, the proposed inverter implementation is simple, and it becomes an attractive solution for low power grid connected applications.
Trajectory reconstruction for robot programming by demonstration
Authors: Hanifi Elhachemi Amar Reda , Benchikh Laredj , Dermeche Hakima , Bachir Ouamri , Ahmed-Foitih Zoubir
Published: March 2020

The reproduction of hand movements by a robot remains difficult and conventional learning methods do not allow us to faithfully recreate these movements because it is very difficult when the number of crossing points is very large. Programming by Demonstration gives a better opportunity for solving this problem by tracking the user’s movements with a motion capture system and creating a robotic program to reproduce the performed tasks. This paper presents a Programming by Demonstration system in a trajectory level for the reproduction of hand/tool movement by a manipulator robot; this was realized by tracking the user’s movement with the ArToolkit and reconstructing the trajectories by using the constrained cubic spline. The results obtained with the constrained cubic spline were compared with cubic spline interpolation. Finally the obtained trajectories have been simulated in a virtual environment on the Puma 600 robot.
Improved strategy of an MPPT based on the sliding mode control for a PV system
Authors: Abderrahim Taouni , Abdelwahed Touati , Radouane Majdoul
Published: March 2020

The energy produced using a photovoltaic (PV) is mainly dependent on weather factors such as temperature and solar radiation. Given the high cost and low yield of a PV system, it must operate at maximum power point (MPP), which varies according to changes in load and weather conditions. This contribution presents an improved maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controllers of a PV system in various climatic conditions. The first is a sliding mode MPPT that designed to be applied to a buck converter in order to achieve an optimal PV array output voltage. The second MPPT is based on the incremental conductance algorithm or Perturb-and-Observe algorithm. It provides the output reference PV voltage to the sliding mode controller acting on the duty cycle of the DC-DC converter. Simulation is carried out in SimPower toolbox of Matlab/Simulink. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the sliding mode control MPPT under the parameter variation environments and shown that the controllers meet its objectives.
Developed high gain microstrip antenna like microphone structure for 5G application
Authors: Yon H. , Rahman N. H. Abd , Aris M. A. , Jumaat Hadi
Published: March 2020

We present a new development of microstrip antenna structure combining a simple circular structure with a ring antenna structure as the parasitic element to improve the antenna gain and bandwidth for 5G mobile application. The proposed antenna was fed by a 50Ω microstrip feeding line due to its advantages in performance. The antenna was designed and simulated using a single substrate with double layered copper (top and bottom) with the radiating patch on the top layer and full ground on the bottom layer of the same substrate. Three antennas have been designed namely; design1, design2 and design3 to complete the research works.The antennas ware simulated and optimized at 18 GHz using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) with permittivity, r = 2.2 and thickness, h = 1.57mm on low-loss material Roger RT-Duroid 5880 substrate. The antennas ware reasonably well matched at their corresponding frequency of operations. The simulation and measurement results have shown that the antenna works well. The simulation results have shown that the three antennas works well at the selected frequency. The final simulated antenna for design1, design2 and design3 has been fabricated to measure the performance and also to validate the simulation result with the measurement result. The measurement data for antenna design1, design2 and design3 shows frequency shift of 3% from the simulation result. The final protype of design3 gives 6.6dB gain, -14.51dB return loss, 180MHz bandwidth, and antenna efficiency of 53.9%. All three antennas ware measured using Vector network analyzer (VNA) and Anechoic chamber.
Bio-inspired route estimation in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Tuberquia Miguel , Lopez-Chavez Hans , Hernandez Cesar
Published: March 2020

Cognitive radio is a technique that was originally created for the proper use of the radio electric spectrum due its underuse. A few methods were used to predict the network traffic to determine the occupancy of the spectrum and then use the ‘holes’ between the transmissions of primary users. The goal is to guarantee a complete transmission for the second user while not interrupting the trans-mission of primary users. This study seeks the multifractal generation of traffic for a specific radio electric spectrum as well as a bio-inspired route estimation for secondary users. It uses the MFHW algorithm to generate multifractal traces and two bio-inspired algo-rithms: Ant Colony Optimization and Max Feeding to calculate the secondary user’s path. Multifractal characteristics offer a predic-tion, which is 10% lower in comparison with the original traffic values and a complete transmission for secondary users. In fact, a hybrid strategy combining both bio-inspired algorithms promise a reduction in handoff. The purpose of this research consists on deriving future investigation in the generation of multifractal traffic and a mobility spectrum using bio-inspired algorithms.
Design and implement WSN/IoT smart parking management system using microcontroller
Authors: Hamza A. E. , Qasim H. H. , Alwash S. A. , Fadhel M. M. , Audah L. , Ibrahim H. H. , Hamed O. S. , Hamza M. I. , Saeed H. A.
Published: March 2020

With the dramatic expansion of new networks such as Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Internet-of-Things (IoT), tremendous opportunities have been emerged to incorporate such technologies for valuable tasks. One of these tasks is the smart car parking where there is an imperative demand to manage the parkings in various facilities which may help drivers to save their time. Several research studies have addressed this task using wide range of approaches. However, the energy consumption is still a serious concern. This paper proposes a smart car parking based on cloud-based approach along with variety of sensors. Passive Infrared Sensors (PIRs) have been used to sense the object motion. While Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensors have been utilized to sense the light of the parking alarm and display inmformation regarding the occupied and non-occupied parking lots. Finally, multi-micro controller of Arduino have been exploited in order to transmit the information collected to the server. Finally, a prototype Android application has been developed in order to recieve the infromation from the server. Results of simulation showed the efficacy of the proposed method.
Cooperative-hybrid detection of primary user emulators in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Adebo S. A. , Onwuka E. N. , Usman A. U. , Onumanyi A. J.
Published: March 2020

Primary user emulator (PUE) attack occurs in Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) when a malicious secondary user (SU) poses as a primary user (PU) in order to deprive other legitimate SUs the right to free spectral access for opportunistic communication. In most cases, these legitimate SUs are unable to effectively detect PUEs because the quality of the signals received from a PUE may be severely attenuated by channel fading and/or shadowing. Consequently, in this paper, we have investigated the use of cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) to improve PUE detection based on a hybrid localization scheme. We considered different pairs of secondary users (SUs) over different received signal strength (RSS) values to evaluate the energy efficiency, accuracy, and speed of the new cooperative scheme. Based on computer simulations, our findings suggest that a PUE can be effectively detected by a pair of SUs with a low Root Mean Square Error rate of 0.0047 even though these SUs may have close RSS values within the same cluster. Furthermore, our scheme performs better in terms of speed, accuracy and low energy consumption rates when compared with other PUE detection schemes. Thus, it is a viable proposition to better detect PUEs in CRNs.
New modification on feistel DES algorithm based on multi-level keys
Authors: Kareem Suhad M. , Rahma Abdul Monem S.
Published: March 2020

The data encryption standard (DES) is one of the most common symmetric encryption algorithms, but it experiences many problems. For example, it uses only one function (XOR) in the encryption process, and the combination of data is finite because it occurs only twice and operates on bits. This paper presents a new modification of the DES to overcome these problems. This could be done through adding a new level of security by increasing the key space (using three keys) during the 16 rounds of the standard encryption algorithm and by replacing the predefined XOR operation with a new # operation. Our proposed algorithm uses three keys instead of one. The first key is the input key used for encrypting and decrypting operations. The second key is used for determining the number of bits, while the third key is used for determining the table numbers, which are from 0 to 255. Having evaluated the complexity of our proposed algorithm, the results show that it is the most complex compared with the well-known DES and other modified algorithms. Consequently, in our proposed algorithm, the attacker try a number of attempts 21173 at minimum to decrypt the message. This means that the proposed DES algorithm will increase the security level of the well-known DES.
Study of tropospheric scintillation effects in Ku-band frequency for satellite communication system
Authors: Rahim Nadirah Abdul , Mulop Hanis Nabilah A. , Badron Khairayu
Published: March 2020

Scintillation is a rapid fluctuation of an electromagnetic waves in terms of phase and amplitude due to a small-scale inconsistency in the transmission path (or paths) with time. Scintillation exists continuously throughout a day whether during raining or clear sky conditions. The raw signal data need to exclude other propagations factors that include signal fluctuations to further understand the scintillation studies. This paper presents the analysis of tropospheric scintillation data from January 2016 till December 2016 at Ku-band frequency of 12.202 GHz beacon signal. The experimental data from MEASAT 3B were collected and analyzed to see the effect of tropospheric scintillation. The elevation angle of the dish antenna is 77.45o. The highlighted objectives are to analyze the scintillation data at Ku-band, and to compare and validate the results with other scintillation models. The result shows that the stipulated scintillation analysis has higher amplitude, which is 0.73 dB compared to other scintillation analysis which has lower scintillation amplitude: 0.45 dB (Karasawa), 0.42 dB (ITU-R), 0.4 dB (Nadirah & Rafiqul), 0.42 dB (Van De Kamp) and 0.11 dB (Anthony & Mandeep).
CPW fed SRR loaded monopole antenna for triple band operations
Authors: K. M. Smitha , K. K. Aju John , Mathew Thomaskutty
Published: March 2020

A planar CPW fed SRR loaded monopole antenna based on split ring resonator with triple-band operations is reported for passive UHF RFID, Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and World Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications. Measured and simulated results show the effect of tapering of the SRR layer on bandwidth improvement and gain enhancement in comparison to monopole with SRR antenna. The CPW fed SRR loaded monopole antenna has a bidirectional pattern with high gain for wireless communication applications.
Simulation of LTE-TDD in the HAPS channel
Authors: Al-awadi Aws Majeed , Al-dujaili Mohammed Jawad
Published: March 2020

LTE stands for Long Term Evolution. This technology enhances the data rate and capacity using a new radio interface and an optimized core network. This progress was done to satisfy standards defined for the fourth generation of cellular communications in ITU. LTE has two types of transmission: Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD). Nowadays, LTE-TDD rapidly Grows and takes place of old fixed cellular communications, like WiMAX. Another upcoming technology in the communication industry is High Amplitude Platform Stations (HAPS). Studying the capability of HAPS as a base station for LTE-TDD is the main purpose of this paper. Simulations have done using HAPS channel and compared to Stanford University Interim (SUI) standard channels for different scenarios. Results were compared to achieve a conclusion on HAPS implementation for LTE-TDD based on BER and data throughput.
Design of fiber bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensor based on optical frequency domain reflectometer (OFDR)
Authors: Naim Nani Fadzlina , Sudin Siti Noor Maslizan , Sarnin Suzi Seroja , Ya'acob Norsuzila , Supian Latifah Sarah
Published: March 2020

In this paper, the simulation of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) as a temperature sensor is conducted. The FBG temperature sensor is designed based on Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometer (OFDR) concept. A continuous wave (CW) laser is used as the optical source and it is transmitted to two FBGs. The two FBGs reflection spectra will produce a beat frequency that can be detected using a Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum Analyzer. Any temperature change will shift Bragg wavelength, thus produce a shift for the beat frequency. In this work, an FBG with temperature sensitivity 10 pm/˚C is employed. It is found that by using this technique, a high-resolution temperature sensor can be designed with temperature resolution of 0.1˚C.
Ransomware protection in IoT using software defined networking
Authors: Wani Azka , Revathi S.
Published: March 2020

Internet of things (IoT) is the network of physical objects connected to provide various services. IoT is expanding rapidly, and is positively influencing many areas. The impact of IoT is evident in medical field, manufacturing units and livestock. The IoT is also vulnerable to many cyber threats, owing to its limited resources and battery operation. In contemporary times the security threats like DDoS, botnet malware, man in the middle, flood attacks and ransomware are affecting the smooth functioning of IoT. Ransomware has emerged as one of the biggest threat in cyber world. Ransomware is a type of malware that stops the access to files by encrypting them and decrypts the files only when a ransom is paid. The negligence towards the IoT ransomware can result in disastrous outcomes. In this paper, the growth of ransomware attacks for past few years is shown with special focus on ransomwares threatening IoT. A detection mechanism for IoT ransomware attack is presented that is designed after study of ransomware for IoT. The proposed model monitors the incoming IoT traffic through Software Defined Network (SDN) gateway. It uses policies framed in SDN controller for detection and alleviation of ransomware in IoT.
Systematic literature survey: applications of LoRa communication
Authors: Kolobe Lone Godfrey Future , Lebekwe Caspar K. , Sigweni Boyce
Published: March 2020

LoRa is a communication scheme that is part of the low power wide are network (LPWAN) technology using ISM bands. It has seen extensive documentation and use in research and industry due to its long coverage ranges of up-to 20Km or more with less than 14dB transmit power. Moreover, some applications report theoretical battery lives of upto 10years for field deployed modules utilising the scheme in WSN applications. Additionally, the scheme is very resilient to losses from noise, as well bursts of interference through its FEC. Our objective is to systematically review the empirical evidence of the use-cases of LoRa in rural landscapes, metrics and the relevant validation schemes. In addition the research is evaluated based on (i) mathematical function of the scheme (bandwidth use, spreading factor, symbol rate, chip rate and nominal bit rate) (ii) use-cases (iii) test-beds, metrics of evaluation and (iv) validation methods. A systematic literature review of published, refereed primary studies on LoRa applications was conducted. Using articles from 2010-2019. We identified 21 relevant primary studies. These reported a range of different assessments of LoRa. 10 out of 21 reported on novel use cases. As an actionable conclusion, the authors conclude that more work is needed in terms of field testing, as no articles could be found on performance/deployment in Botswana or South Africa despite the existence of LoRa networks in both countries. Thus researchers in the region can research propagation models performance, energy efficiency of the scheme and MAC layer as well as the channel access challenges for the region.
The protect mobile user data in Russia
Authors: Zharova Anna
Published: March 2020

This paper studies the issue the information security for smartphone users in Russia. The report analyses the regulations the state uses to prevent undeclared functionality and malicious programs in mobile phones in Russia; the law enforcement practice in this area; the responsibility of legal entities, officials and persons for non-compliance with the requirements for standardization, ensuring information security and violation of declaration of conformity. The paper develops proposals to improve state regulation of undeclared functionality of mobile devices providing the collection of information, including confidential data. The report discusses specific ethical issues related to privacy, including matters relating to compensation for damage resulting from the leakage of personal information and develops proposals for legal ensuring the information security of mobile phone users. The report first outlines the main actors, terms and concepts used in the report. Second the standards for mobile phone developers, although there is no guarantee of complete information security. In this case, the peculiarity of Russia is that standards used in the field of information security are voluntary. Third how law enforcement agencies protect the user community. In this case there is a potential danger that this may entail uncontrolled access of government agencies to confidential data.
A simulation study of video conferencing system over IEEE 802.11n Wireless LAN
Authors: Ali Omar M. , Sheet Yazen S. , Alsharbaty Firas S.
Published: March 2020

Wireless local area network (WLAN) is the core of the classic wireless communications systems and owns the infrastructure which wide spreads in many regions in the world. IEEE 802.11n is an attractive standard of WLAN and offers a data capacity of the cell. This paper estimates the maximum limits of the IEEE 802.11n standard cell as a term of number of users which are successfully served by the cell in case of video conference application. The results shown that, the cell of 802.11n could serve about 9 users under the service of video conference in case of 20MHz channel bandwidth before congestion occurs while the 40MHz channel could support 18 users.
Study of the operational SNR while constructing polar codes
Authors: Benkhouya Reda , Chana Idriss , Hadi Youssef
Published: March 2020

Channel coding is commonly based on protecting information to be communicated across an unreliable medium, by adding patterns of redundancy into the transmission path. Also referred to as forward error control coding (FECC), the technique is widely used to enable correcting or at least detecting bit errors in digital communication systems. In this paper we study an original FECC known as polar coding which has proven to meet the typical use cases of the next generation mobile standard. This work is motivated by the suitability of polar codes for the new coming wireless era. Hence, we investigate the performance of polar codes in terms of bit error rate (BER) for several codeword lengths and code rates. We first perform a discrete search to find the best operating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at two different code rates, while varying the blocklength. We find in our extensive simulations that the BER becomes more sensitive to operating SNR (OSNR) as long as we increase the blocklength and code rate. Finally, we note that increasing blocklength achieves an SNR gain, while increasing code rate changes the OSNR domain. This trade-off sorted out must be taken into consideration while designing polar codes for high-throughput application.
Estimation of TRMM rainfall for landslide occurrences based on rainfall threshold analysis
Authors: Tajudin Noraisyah , Ya’acob Norsuzila , Mohd Ali Darmawaty , Adnan Nor Aizam
Published: March 2020

Landslide can be triggered by intense or prolonged rainfall. Precipitation data obtained from ground-based observation is very accurate and commonly used to do analysis and landslide prediction. However, this approach is costly with its own limitation due to lack of density of ground station, especially in mountain area. As an alternative, satellite derived rainfall techniques have become more favorable to overcome these limitations. Moreover, the satellite derived rainfall estimation needs to be validated on its accuracy and its capability to predict landslide which presumably triggered by rainfall. This paper presents the investigation of using the TRMM-3B42V7 data in comparison to the available rain-gauge data in Ulu Kelang, Selangor. The monthly average rainfall, cumulative rainfall and rainfall threshold analysis from 1998 to 2011 is compared using quantitative statistical criteria (Pearson correlation, bias, root mean square error, mean different and mean). The results from analysis showed that there is a significant and strong positive correlation between the TRMM 3B42V7 and rain gauge data. The threshold derivative from the satellite products is lower than the rain gauge measurement. The findings indicated that the proposed method can be applied using TRMM satellite estimates products to derive rainfall threshold for the possible landslide occurrence.