bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Strategies for Computing Euler Number of a 3D Binary Image
Authors: Yao Bin , He Haochen , Kang Shiying , Chao Yuyan , He Lifeng
Published: April 2023

As an important topological property for a 3D binary image, the Euler number can be computed by finding specific a voxel block with 2 × 2 × 2 voxels, named the voxel pattern, in the image. In this paper, we introduce three strategies for enhancing the efficiency of a voxel-pattern-based Euler number computing algorithm used for 3D binary images. The first strategy is taking advantage of the voxel information acquired during computation to avoid accessing voxels repeatedly. This can reduce the average number of accessed voxels from 8 to 4 for processing a voxel pattern. Therefore, the efficiency of computation will be improved. The second strategy is scanning every two rows and processing two voxel patterns simultaneously in each scan. In this strategy, only three voxels need to be accessed when a voxel pattern is processed. The last strategy is determining the voxel accessing order in the processing voxel pattern and unifying the processing of the voxel patterns that have identical Euler number increments to one group in the computation. Although this strategy can theoretically reduce the average number of voxels accessed from 8 to 4.25 for processing a voxel pattern, it is more efficient than the above two strategies for moderate- and high-density 3D binary images. Experimental results demonstrated that the three algorithms with each of our proposed three strategies exhibit greater efficiency compared to the conventional Euler number computing algorithm based on finding specific voxel patterns in the image.
Changes of Raw Texture, Intramuscular Connective Tissue Properties and Collagen Profiles in Broiler Wooden Breast during Early Storage
Authors: Zhu Xueshen , Puolanne Eero , Ertbjerg Per
Published: April 2023

A recently identified broiler myopathy known as wooden breast (WB) is predominantly found in the pectoralis major muscle of fast-growing broiler hybrids and is causing significant losses to the poultry industry. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of WB syndrome on raw meat texture, purge loss and thermal properties of intramuscular connective tissue of pectoralis major muscle in the early postmortem period (1–3 days). Results showed that the presence of the WB muscles condition at 1 day postmortem was associated with significantly increased stiffness (27.0 N vs. 23.1 N) and significantly increased purge loss (1.8% vs. 1.0%) compared to normal breast (NB). However, on 3 days postmortem, these parameters did not differ between WB and NB groups. Insoluble and total collagen content was significantly higher in WB muscles compared to NB muscles, and the extractability of intramuscular connective tissue (IMCT) of WB was also higher (0.42% vs. 0.37%) compared to NB and remained stable in the early postmortem period. There was significantly lower protein content in the sarcoplasmic protein fraction and myofibrillar protein fraction of WB muscles compared to NB muscles (p < 0.05). The IMCT of these two groups showed different thermal properties, as the enthalpy of denaturation (ΔH) was significantly lower in WB muscles compared to NB muscles. The WB syndrome had a great effect on the texture and connective tissue properties of the meat compared to normal muscle, with a tendency for having a lower purge loss and higher raw meat hardness.
Consumers’ Acceptance, Emotions, and Responsiveness to Informational Cues for Air-Fried Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Skin Chips
Authors: Murillo Silvia , Ardoin Ryan , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon
Published: April 2023

Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) skins, as filleting byproduct, were developed into a crispy snack food via air-frying. Consumers rated catfish skin chips (CSC) across sensory modalities (9-point hedonic scales, a just-about-right scale, and “yes/no” for purchase intent, PI) for Plain-, Lemon & Pepper-, and Barbecue-flavored samples during two consumer studies (N = 115 each). Paprika- flavored CSC were excluded from Study 2 due to inferior acceptance and emotional ratings. CSC-elicited emotions were evaluated using a 25-term lexicon with CATA (Check-All-That-Apply) scaling (Study 1) and refined with an abbreviated lexicon containing food-evoked sensation-seeking emotions (5-point intensity scale). The two consumer studies differed in delivery format of product benefit information (a health/protein message and a food waste/sustainability message). Presenting two separate cues (Study 1) significantly increased overall liking (by 0.5 units) and PI (by 15%) for CSC compared to a single integrated message (Study 2), perhaps due to consumers’ mode of information processing. Magnitude of increases was less for Barbeque CSC despite performing best overall (overall liking reaching 6.62 and PI reaching 61.7%). CSC generated mostly positive emotions, and informational cues increased sensation-seeking feelings, which can motivate trial of new foods. Accordingly, acceptance of CSC improved for 25 repeat-exposure consumers who participated in both Studies 1 and 2. In combination, sensory, cognitive, and emotional data showed favorable responses for flavored CSC as an appropriate application of this seafood byproduct.
Shallow Geothermal Potential of the Sant’Eufemia Plain (South Italy) for Heating and Cooling Systems: An Effective Renewable Solution in a Climate-Changing Society
Authors: Vespasiano Giovanni , Cianflone Giuseppe , Taussi Marco , De Rosa Rosanna , Dominici Rocco , Apollaro Carmine
Published: April 2023

In this work, the shallow geothermal heat-exchange potential of a coastal plain in southern Italy, the Sant’Eufemia plain (Calabria region), was evaluated. Stratigraphic and hydrogeological data and thermophysical properties of the main geological formations of the area have been averaged over the first 100 m of subsoil to define the thermal conductivity, the specific heat extraction rates of the ground and the geothermal potential of the area (MWh·y−1) for both cooling and heating modes. The investigation revealed that the crystalline bedrock and the saturated conditions of the sedimentary infill mainly control the heat-exchange potential. The range of the geothermal potential in the investigated Sant’Eufemia plain is 3.61–10.56 MWh·y−1 and 3.72–11.47 MWh·y−1 for heating and cooling purposes, respectively. The average depth drilled to supply a standard domestic power demand of 5.0 kW is ~90 m for heating and ~81 m for cooling modes. The different depth also drives the final drilling costs, which range from EUR 3200 to 8700 for the heating mode and from EUR 2800 to 7800 for the cooling mode. Finally, the mean values of drilling depth and costs for both heating and cooling modes are provided for the main municipalities and strategic sites.
Addressing Health Disparities through Community Participation: A Scoping Review of Co-Creation in Public Health
Authors: Morales-Garzón Sergio , Parker Lucy Anne , Hernández-Aguado Ildefonso , González-Moro Tolosana Manuel , Pastor-Valero María , Chilet-Rosell Elisa
Published: April 2023

Background: There is general agreement regarding the relevance of community involvement in public health policy, practice, and research to reduce health inequities. Objective: This review aims to analyse the experiences of community engagement in public health actions, with particular attention to methodologies used and how community participation is articulated. Method and Analysis: We searched the Web of Science, EBSCO, and ProQuest for scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals. We recorded methodological aspects, the approach to equity, actors that participated in the actions, and participation of the community in different phases (agenda setting, design, implementation, and evaluation). Results: Of 4331 records, we finally included 31 studies published between 1995 and 2021. Twelve studies referred to Community-Based Participatory Research as the framework used. The actions addressed equity, mainly by tackling economic vulnerability (n = 20, 64%) and racial discrimination (n = 18, 58%). Workshops were the most used method. Participation was frequently observed in the design and implementation phases of the action, but it was reduced to community feedback in the evaluation. Conclusions: Co-created public health actions offer the opportunity to reduce health inequity and promote social change; yet, further effort is needed to involve communities in the entire cycle of decision making.
Asthma, COPD, Respiratory, and Allergic Health Effects in an Adult Population Living near an Italian Refinery: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Puci Mariangela Valentina , Ferraro Ottavia Eleonora , Monti Maria Cristina , Gnesi Marco , Borrelli Paola , Cadum Ennio , Perotti Pietro , Migliazza Simona , Dalle Carbonare Simona , Montomoli Cristina , Villani Simona
Published: April 2023

Background and aim. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Globally, 545 million people suffer from chronic respiratory diseases with a wide geographical variability. Risk factors for asthma are both genetic and related to several environmental factors (internal and external pollutants); these also have an important role in the occurrence of COPD. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of asthma, COPD, and asthma/COPD overlap (ACO) in an adult population living in two municipalities located in the Po Valley. Methods. A standardized questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics was self-administered to a random sample of the adult population aged 20–64 years, living near a refinery in Northern Italy during the period between 2016 and 2019. Logistic and multinomial regression were implemented to explore factors associated with asthma, COPD, and ACO. Results. In total, 1108 subjects filled out the questionnaire, the mean age was 48.02 ± 12.34 years (range 21–68), and 53% of the respondents/participants were female. Half of the responders were non-smokers, but the frequency of current and former smokers was significantly greater in men than in women (p < 0.001). The likelihood of being a probable case of asthma decreased with increasing age and increased for smokers. Tobacco smoke was associated with the presence of COPD and ACO. Conclusion. Respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD are common in the general population, with differences among countries worldwide. Our findings show, on the basis of the main confirmed risk factor, namely smoking, that it is useful to plan target programs and actions in order to reduce smoking, thus improving the quality of life in public health.
A Machine Learning Approach for Predicting Capsular Contracture after Postmastectomy Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Bavaro Domenica Antonia , Fanizzi Annarita , Iacovelli Serena , Bove Samantha , Comes Maria Colomba , Cristofaro Cristian , Cutrignelli Daniela , De Santis Valerio , Nardone Annalisa , Lagattolla Fulvia , Rizzo Alessandro , Ressa Cosmo Maurizio , Massafra Raffaella
Published: April 2023

In recent years, immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy surgery has steadily increased in the treatment pathway of breast cancer (BC) patients due to its potential impact on both the morpho-functional and aesthetic type of the breast and the quality of life. Although recent studies have demonstrated how recent radiotherapy techniques have allowed a reduction of adverse events related to breast reconstruction, capsular contracture (CC) remains the main complication after post-mastectomy radio-therapy (PMRT). In this study, we evaluated the association of the occurrence of CC with some clinical, histological and therapeutic parameters related to BC patients. We firstly performed bivariate statistical tests and we then evaluated the prognostic predictive power of the collected data by using machine learning techniques. Out of a sample of 59 patients referred to our institute, 28 patients (i.e., 47%) showed contracture after PMRT. As a result, only estrogen receptor status (ER) and molecular subtypes were significantly associated with the occurrence of CC after PMRT. Different machine learning models were trained on a subset of clinical features selected by a feature importance approach. Experimental results have shown that collected features have a non-negligible predictive power. The extreme gradient boosting classifier achieved an area under the curve (AUC) value of 68% and accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values of 68%, 64%, and 74%, respectively. Such a support tool, after further suitable optimization and validation, would allow clinicians to identify the best therapeutic strategy and reconstructive timing.
Location Scheme of Routine Nucleic Acid Testing Sites Based on Location-Allocation Models: A Case Study of Shenzhen City
Authors: Wang Siwaner , Sun Qian , Chen Pengfei , Qiu Hui , Chen Yang
Published: April 2023

Since late 2019, the explosive outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global threat, necessitating a worldwide overhaul of public health systems. One critical strategy to prevent virus transmission and safeguard public health, involves deploying Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) sites. Nevertheless, determining the optimal locations for public NAT sites presents a significant challenge, due to the varying number of sites required in different regions, and the substantial influences of population, the population heterogeneity, and daily dynamics, on the effectiveness of fixed location schemes. To address this issue, this study proposes a data-driven framework based on classical location-allocation models and bi-objective optimization models. The framework optimizes the number and location of NAT sites, while balancing various cost constraints and adapting to population dynamics during different periods of the day. The bi-objective optimization process utilizes the Knee point identification (KPI) algorithm, which is computationally efficient and does not require prior knowledge. A case study conducted in Shenzhen, China, demonstrates that the proposed framework provides a broader service coverage area and better accommodates residents’ demands during different periods, compared to the actual layout of NAT sites in the city. The study’s findings can facilitate the rapid planning of primary healthcare facilities, and promote the development of sustainable healthy cities.
Erectile Dysfunction in Pelvic Cancer Survivors and Current Management Options
Authors: Bernal Jose , Venkatesan Krishnan , Martins Francisco E.
Published: April 2023

Pelvic malignancies, including prostate, rectal, and bladder cancers, are among the most frequent malignancies found in the male population. These issues are most effectively and commonly treated with radiotherapy and/or surgery. However, these treatments can cause collateral damage, resulting in significant impacts on quality of life, with erectile dysfunction being one of the most frequent postoperative complications. Currently, there are several treatment options for erectile dysfunction, including oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, vacuum erection devices, intracorporeal injections, and penile prosthesis. The latter has shown to be an effective and safe technique, with results comparable to those obtained by patients without pelvic surgery or radiotherapy. The results of early penile rehabilitation programs are promising and they have been incorporated into a greater proportion of treatment plans more recently, with varying degrees of success. In this narrative review, we summarize the literature on erectile dysfunction after pelvic cancer treatments and its management.
Emerging Role of Alarmins in Food Allergy: An Update on Pathophysiological Insights, Potential Use as Disease Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Rizzi Angela , Lo Presti Elena , Chini Raffaella , Gammeri Luca , Inchingolo Riccardo , Lohmeyer Franziska Michaela , Nucera Eleonora , Gangemi Sebastiano
Published: April 2023

Food allergies are immuno-mediated adverse reactions to ingestion or contact with foods, representing a widespread health problem. The immune response can be IgE-mediated, non-IgE-mediated, or with a mixed mechanism. The role of innate immunity and alarmins in the pathogenesis of diseases such as asthma and atopic dermatitis is well known. Some authors have investigated the correlation between alarmins and food allergies, often obtaining interesting results. We analyzed articles published in English from the last 22 years present on PubMed concerning the role of alarmins in the pathogenesis of food allergies and their potential use as disease biomarkers, response biomarkers to therapy, or potential therapeutic targets. Nuclear alarmins (TSLP, IL-33, IL-25) appear to have a critical role in IgE-mediated allergies but are also implicated in entities such as eosinophilic esophagitis. Calprotectin and defensins may play a role as disease biomarkers and could help predict response to therapy, although results in the literature are often conflicting. Despite the promising results, more studies on humans still need to be conducted. Deepening our knowledge regarding alarmins and their involvement in food allergies could lead to the development of new biological therapies, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life.
Comparing Characteristics and Treatment of Brain Vascular Malformations in Children and Adults with HHT
Authors: Kilian Alexandra , Latino Giuseppe A. , White Andrew J. , Ratjen Felix , McDonald Jamie , Whitehead Kevin J. , Gossage James R. , Krings Timo , Lawton Michael T. , Kim Helen , Faughnan Marie E. ,   The Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium HHT Investigator Group
Published: April 2023

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by the development of vascular malformations (VMs) in organs such as the brain and lungs, as well as telangiectases on mucosal surfaces. Prophylactic treatment of organ VMs may prevent potential complications, such as hemorrhage. However, brain VM treatment—surgical resection, embolization, and/or radiosurgery—is not recommended for all patients due to the associated risks. Given the scarcity of data regarding HHT-related brain VM presentation and treatment trends in pediatric patients, we aim to describe the clinical presentations and the patterns of treatment of HHT-related brain VMs in a pediatric cohort, and compare pediatric trends to those of adults. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed in 114 pediatric patients with HHT-related brain VMs and compared with a cohort of 253 adult patients enrolled in the multicenter Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium HHT Project. Our data demonstrated that a higher proportion of pediatric patients with HHT-related brain VMs were symptomatic at presentation (p = 0.004). Moreover, a higher proportion of pediatric patients presented with intracranial hemorrhage (p < 0.001) and seizure (p = 0.002) compared to adult patients. Surgical resection was the most common brain VM treatment modality in both children and adults. We conclude that pediatric patients may be more likely to present with symptoms and complications from brain VMs, supporting the case for screening for brain VMs in children with HHT.
Reliability of a Novel Preoperative Protocol for Determining Graft Sizes for Superior Capsular Reconstruction Using Plain Film Radiography
Authors: Ting Ryan S. , Rosenthal Ron , Law Tsz Kit , Al-Housni Hilal S. A. , Hackett Lisa , Lam Patrick H. , Murrell George A. C.
Published: April 2023

Background: Superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) for massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears involves anchoring a graft between the superior glenoid and the greater tuberosity of the humerus. Optimizing the graft size is important. We aimed (1) to evaluate the reliability of plain film radiography in determining graft size for SCR and (2) to create a database to help predict future graft sizes. Methods: An inter- and intra-rater reliability trial was conducted on 10 and 6 subjects with healthy shoulders, respectively, using plain film radiography to measure the distance between the superior glenoid and the supraspinatus footprint. The subjects were positioned upright with an abduction pillow modified to hold the shoulder at 30° abduction and 45° external rotation, afterwhich a true antero-posterior shoulder radiograph was captured. Thirty subjects were recruited for the database and grouped using the aforementioned protocol. Results: The inter-rater and intra-rater trial agreement was excellent, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.94 (95% CI) and 0.76 (95% CI), respectively. Three medio-lateral patch sizes, of 33 mm, 38 mm, and 47 mm, were proposed based on the protocol in 30 subjects. Conclusions: Plain film radiography demonstrated excellent reliability in measuring the distance between the superior glenoid and the supraspinatus footprint. Three ordinal patch sizes are proposed.
Magnetic Resonance-Based Assessment of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study on Inter- and Intra-Rater Agreement
Authors: Aspide Raffaele , Bertolini Giacomo , Belotti Laura Maria , Albini Riccioli Luca , Toni Francesco , Mazzatenta Diego , Palandri Giorgio , Vetrugno Luigi , Biasucci Daniele
Published: April 2023

Background: The measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) as a non-invasive method of estimating intracranial pressure has been widely reported in the literature. However, few studies have evaluated the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing ONSD measurements, although it is considered a very reliable method, it is not easily repeatable, expensive and is not readily available bedside. Herein, an assessment of the intra- and inter-rater reliability of ONSD assessment using MRI was conducted. Methods: A consecutive, prospective cohort of patients with suspected idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus was analyzed. ONSD MRI measurements of the transverse and sagittal diameters at a distance of 3 mm behind the papilla were evaluated twice each by two expert neuroradiologists. The correlations between MRI examiners were calculated using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Results: Fifty patients were included in the study. ONSD MRI average measurements were substantially higher than clinically expected (>5 mm). Considering intra-rater concordance, only one of the two neuroradiologists achieved an excellent score at CCC. Only a moderate inter-observer CCC for MRI assessment was found at all diameters. Conclusions: The use of a widespread MRI sequence (3D T1) to measure ONSD is not an accurate method since it may overestimate measurements and is dependent upon an operator.
The Effect of Celecoxib on the Progression of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease—Protective or Pathogenic?
Authors: Vinton Zachary , Wolfe Kevin , Fisher Jensen , Brooks Amanda
Published: April 2023

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a debilitating condition for which there are limited therapeutic options aside from valve replacement. As such, it is crucial to explore alternative management strategies for CAVD. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), particularly celecoxib, have been the subject of debate in the literature regarding their potential impact on CAVD. We conducted an in-depth analysis of five studies exploring the effect of celecoxib on CAVD and found discrepancies in both methods and results. Our findings suggest that celecoxib may impact the development of this disease via multiple mechanisms, each of which may have different effects on its pathogenesis. We also discovered limited clinical research examining the connection between celecoxib use and CAVD in medical patients. As such, further studies are needed to clarify the role of celecoxib and other NSAIDs in CAVD progression in order to inform future treatment options and clarify their impact on the disease.
Influence of Sizing Aging on the Strength and Fatigue Life of Composites Using a New Test Method and Tailored Fiber Pre-Treatment: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Gibhardt Dennis , Buggisch Christina , Blume-Werry Lena , Fiedler Bodo
Published: April 2023

Given the time-consuming and complex nature associated with the aging of composites, a novel fabric pre-aging method was developed and evaluated for static and fatigue testing. It allows for investigating sizing and interphase-related aging effects. This fast method is independent of the diffusion processes and the composites’ thickness. Moreover, the new methodology offers enhanced analysis of the sizing, interphase, and fiber-related degradation of composites without aging them by conventional accelerated procedures or under severe maritime environments. For validation purposes, fiber bundle, longitudinal, and transverse tensile tests were performed with five different glass fiber inputs. Significant differences in the durability of composites were found for pre-aging and classical aging, respectively. The impacts of degradation of the single constituents on the fatigue life are identified by cyclic testing of untreated, pre-aged, and wet-aged composites. Here, it is evident that the interphase strength is likewise essential for the tension-tension fatigue performance of unidirectional composites, as is the fiber strength itself. In summary, the presented method provides industry and academia with an additional opportunity to examine the durability of different fibers, sizings, and composites for design purposes following a reasonable methodology.
Spatial Analysis of Sustainability Measures from Agritourism in Iberian Cross-Border Regions
Authors: Rodrigues Ferreira Dora Isabel , Loures Luís Carlos , Sánchez-Martín José-Manuel
Published: April 2023

This research aims to evaluate whether agritourism is a sustainable activity, comparing the profiles of accommodation, farmers, and accommodation with agricultural activities. Four specific objectives drive this study: (a) examining the cultural/landscape, economic, environmental, and social indicators of sustainability; (b) comparing indicators of sustainability between groups; (c) revealing whether there is a significant cross-correlation between spatial distribution and its impact on sustainability metrics; (d) discussing the significance of these factors for tourism development policies. The present study uses various techniques to study the degree of equilibrium in the distribution of the accommodation and farms in relation to their sustainable impact. To verify this, we use the global Moran’s I and G (d) tests proposed by Getis and Ord. As well as analyzing local contrasts, LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Association) and Hot Spot analysis are used for mapping. The main results reveal different profiles of sustainability, highlighting the accommodation profile with the lowest contribution to sustainable development, while profiles where the relationship between agriculture and tourism is most visible seem to perform better. In general, the main results obtained suggest that there is no direct relationship between spatial distribution and sustainability inputs, excluding the potential of endogenous resources, and suggesting the existence of imbalances in the creation of agritourism products.
Threshold Analysis of a Stochastic SIRS Epidemic Model with Logistic Birth and Nonlinear Incidence
Authors: Wang Huyi , Zhang Ge , Chen Tao , Li Zhiming
Published: April 2023

The paper mainly investigates a stochastic SIRS epidemic model with Logistic birth and nonlinear incidence. We obtain a new threshold value (R0m) through the Stratonovich stochastic differential equation, different from the usual basic reproduction number. If R0m<1, the disease-free equilibrium of the illness is globally asymptotically stable in probability one. If R0m>1, the disease is permanent in the mean with probability one and has an endemic stationary distribution. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the theoretical results. Interestingly, we discovered that random fluctuations can suppress outbreaks and control the disease.
Efficacy and Safety of Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol (EVOH) Copolymer-Based Non-Adhesive Liquid Embolic Agents (NALEAs) in Transcatheter Arterial Embolization (TAE) of Acute Non-Neurovascular Bleeding: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Minici Roberto , Venturini Massimo , Fontana Federico , Guzzardi Giuseppe , Pingitore Armando , Piacentino Filippo , Serra Raffaele , Coppola Andrea , Santoro Rita , Laganà Domenico
Published: April 2023

Background and Objectives: Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is part of the daily practice of most interventional radiologists worldwide. The ideal liquid embolic agent is far from being identified. Non-adhesive liquid embolic agents (NALEA) harden from the outside to the inside, resulting in deep penetration, known as “magma-like” progression, which permits a more distal embolization with good control of the embolic material. This multicenter retrospective cohort study aims to assess the efficacy, feasibility and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH)-based NALEAs (Onyx and Squid) in acute bleeding outside of the neurovascular area. Materials and Methods: This study is a multicenter analysis of retrospectively collected data of consecutive patients who had undergone, from January 2015 to December 2022, transcatheter arterial embolization with non-adhesive EVOH-based agents in the setting of acute non-neurovascular bleeding. Results: Fifty-three patients underwent transcatheter arterial embolization for acute non-neurovascular bleeding. Eight (15.1%) procedures were performed in patients with coagulopathy. The most used concentration of EVOH-based NALEAs was 34 (i.e., 8%), with a mean dose of 0.5 (±0.3) mL. The mean CT-to-groin time, the mean procedure time, the mean CT-to-embolization time and the mean fluoroscopy time were 22.9 (±12.4) min, 27.5 (±7) min, 50.3 (±13.1) min and 7.5 (±2.8) min, respectively. Technical success was achieved in all cases with a 96.2% clinical success rate. Complications were recorded in six (11.3%) patients. No statistically significant differences were observed between the group of patients with coagulopathy and the group of patients without coagulopathy in terms of efficacy and safety endpoints. Conclusions: Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) performed with non-adhesive EVOH-based embolic agents is an effective, feasible and safe strategy for the management of acute non-neurovascular bleeding, even in the subgroup of patients with coagulopathy.
Psychoanalysis of COVID-19 Patient Narratives: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Deng Yu , Xie Luxue , Wang Li , Chen Yaokai
Published: April 2023

Background and Objectives: COVID-19 patients are a psychologically vulnerable patient group who suffer from both physical symptoms and psychological problems. The present study is a psychoanalytic investigation of COVID-19 patients utilizing Lacan’s desire theory. We aimed to explore the manner in which patients’ desire is presented in their lived experience narratives and sought to discover factors which directly impacted on this process. Materials and Methods: In-depth semi-structural interviews were conducted with 36 COVID-19 patients in China. During each interview, participants narrated their lived experiences of COVID-19 infection. Emotions, metaphors, and behaviors in patient narratives were collated as the main points for psychoanalysis. Results: Our findings demonstrated that the desire for being a healthy person made patients emotionally sensitive to the social environment. Anxiety and obsessive behaviors emerged in the process, which reveals their desire for that which they lack. Furthermore, public fear with respect to COVID-19 was somehow converted to psychological pressure on COVID-19 patients. Thus, these patients attempted to “de-identify” their identity as “patients”. Positive responses of COVID-19 patients to the external world included admiring medical personnel, government, and country, while negative responses included interpersonal conflicts or complaints about discrimination. Following the rules of the Other, COVID-19 patients were influenced by the Other’s desire in constructing their own image of a healthy person. Conclusions: This study revealed COVID-19 patients’ psychological need to rid themselves of the identity of “patient” at the individual and social level. Our findings have clinical implications in helping COVID-19 patients to reshape their identity and to live a normal life.
Thermodynamic Calculations of Direct Reduction Smelting Technology of Copper Oxide Ores Based on Smelting Slag from the Yubeidi Site, Yunnan Province
Authors: Li Shuoyang , Li Xiaocen , Zhu Rong , Li Yanxiang
Published: April 2023

The current research on metallurgical remains from scientific excavations in northeast Yunnan from the Bronze Age period is insufficient. In order to study the smelting technology of the Bronze Age in north-eastern Yunnan, samples of slag and mineral excavated from the Yubei Di site in Dongchuan were examined. Based on the outcome of the characterization analysis, a simulation was executed utilizing the software Factsage 7.1 in order to generate a phase diagram that accurately portrays the melting procedure. This simulation aimed to produce the most credible representation of the phase transition by employing computational methods. Characterisation methods included Metallographic Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive Spectromicropy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Radiocarbon Date (14C dating). The results showed that there was much copper ore left in the slag of the site. Most of these copper ores were in the form of copper ferrite or cuprous oxide. The copper ore was copper oxide ore, and metal copper particles appeared in a small amount of the slag. Most of the slags unearthed from the site of the Yubeidi site were products of sulfur-containing oxide reduction and smelting into copper. Based on the outcomes of the simulations, it was established that the slag excavated from the Yubeidi site was mainly from the reduction and smelting process of sulphur-containing copper oxide minerals into copper, without consciously adding fluxes, not having mastered the slag-making techniques for different types of copper ores, and with primitive techniques. The carbon 14 dating results show that the age of the slag was during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
Investigation of the Interfacial Reactions between the CoCuFeNi High Entropy Alloy and Sn Solder
Authors: Chiang Tzu-Yang , Chang Yong-Chi , Wang Chao-Hong , Laksono Andromeda Dwi , Yen Yee-Wen
Published: April 2023

The CoCuFeNi high entropy alloy (HEA) has excellent electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. In electronic packaging technology, Sn is the major element of lead-free solders. In this study, we used the CoCuFeNi HEA as the substrate and Sn as the solder and investigated the liquid/solid interfacial reactions of the Sn/CoCuFeNi system at 300, 375, and 450 °C for 30, 60, 100, 150, 360, and 480 min. The results indicated that the (Fe, Co)Sn2 phase was formed in the Sn/CoCuFeNi couples for all various reaction temperatures and at different durations. Additionally, the (Co, Ni)Sn2 phase was precipitated at the solder side and near the (Fe, Co)Sn2 phase when the reaction time increased. The thickness of the (Fe, Co)Sn2 phase increased with the increase in reaction temperature and time, and it was proportional to the square root of the reaction time. Overall, our results showed that the growth mechanism of the (Fe, Co)Sn2 phase was diffusion-controlled in the Sn/CoCuFeNi couples.
Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of 310S Stainless Steel in Hot Concentrated Tap Water
Authors: Xian Wen , Yin Zhong , Liu Lele , Li Moucheng
Published: April 2023

The corrosion behavior of 310S stainless steel was investigated in synthetic tap water and Ca2+ and Mg2+-free solutions with different concentration ratios at 80 °C using electrochemical measurement techniques and surface analysis methods. The main purpose was to obtain the electrochemical corrosion characteristics under carbonate scale conditions. The specimens displayed a spontaneous passivation state in the solutions with or without Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. With the enlargement of the concentration ratio of synthetic tap water from 1 to 10 times, the polarization resistance under free corrosion conditions and the pitting potential decreased by about 48% and 327 mV, respectively. The pitting tendency increased with increasing concentration ratio of tap water. The carbonate scales deposited from the synthetic tap water solutions were mainly composed of CaCO3, which led to a slight increase in the polarization resistance and the pitting potential and decrease in the passive current density.
A Multiparametric Protocol for the Detailed Phytochemical and Antioxidant Characterisation of Plant Extracts
Authors: Michalaki Anna , Grintzalis Konstantinos
Published: April 2023

Medicinal and herbal plants are abundant sources of phytochemicals, which are biologically active compounds with potential health benefits. The characterisation of phytochemicals has been the subject of many studies, but there is a lack of comprehensive assays to accurately assess the main phytochemical categories and their antioxidant properties. To address this, the present study has developed a multiparametric protocol comprising eight biochemical assays, which quantify the major categories of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids, as well as their antioxidant and scavenging potential. The presented protocol offers several advantages over other methods, including higher sensitivity and significantly lower cost, making it a simpler and more affordable approach compared to commercial kits. The protocol was tested on two datasets with seventeen distinct herbal and medicinal plants, and the results demonstrated its effectiveness in accurately characterising the phytochemical composition of plant samples. The modular design of the protocol allows its adaptation to any spectrophotometric instrumentation, while all assays are simple to follow and require a minimum number of analytical steps.
Two-Dimensional Quantum Droplets in Binary Dipolar Bose-Bose Mixture
Authors: Yang Aowei , Li Guilong , Jiang Xunda , Fan Zhiwei , Chen Zhaopin , Liu Bin , Li Yongyao
Published: April 2023

We study two-dimensional (2D) isotropic quantum droplets (QDs) in dipolar binary Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). The QDs are supported by the competition between the 2D form of the Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) term and the isotropic dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs). Moreover, the DDIs in the 2D plane can be tuned to be either repulsive or attractive. Before that, QDs in dipolar BECs were often explored in three-dimensional (3D) systems, with competition between the attractive DDIs and the repulsive LHY term. Unlike the 3D system, the LHY term of the 2D binary system behaves in a logarithmic form, which can feature both attraction and repulsion. In this case, the QDs can be produced regardless of the interactions (attraction, repulsion, or zero) that the mean-field effect represents. In this paper, we model the aforementioned QDs via the 2D binary dipolar BECs with the competition between isotropic DDIs and the logarithmic LHY term. Their characteristic parameters (the peak density, IP, chemical potential, μ, and effective area, Aeff) using both numerical and theoretical methods are discussed. The centripetal collision and oblique collision between moving QDs are also studied.
The Identification of a Yield-Related Gene Controlling Multiple Traits Using GWAS in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
Authors: Zhang Yizhong , Fan Xinqi , Liang Du , Guo Qi , Zhang Xiaojuan , Nie Mengen , Li Chunhong , Meng Shan , Zhang Xianggui , Xu Peng , Guo Wenqi , Wang Huiyan , Liu Qingshan , Wu Yuxiang
Published: April 2023

Sorghum bicolor (L.) is one of the oldest crops cultivated by human beings which has been used in food and wine making. To understand the genetic diversity of sorghum breeding resources and further guide molecular-marker-assisted breeding, six yield-related traits were analyzed for 214 sorghum germplasm from all over the world, and 2,811,016 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers were produced by resequencing these germplasms. After controlling Q and K, QTLs were found to be related to the traits using three algorisms. Interestingly, an important QTL was found which may affect multiple traits in this study. It was the most likely candidate gene for the gene SORBI_3008G116500, which was a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana gene-VIP5 found by analyzing the annotation of the gene in the LD block. The haplotype analysis showed that the SORBI_3008G116500hap3 was the elite haplotype, and it only existed in Chinese germplasms. The traits were proven to be more associated with the SNPs of the SORBI_3008G116500 promoter through gene association studies. Overall, the QTLs and the genes identified in this study would benefit molecular-assisted yield breeding in sorghum.
Impact of Prosopis velutina Wooton on the Composition and Diversity of Native Woody Species in a Semi-Arid Zone along the Molopo River, South Africa
Authors: Tiawoun Makuété A. P. , Malan Pieter W. , Comole Alvino A. , Moshobane Moleseng C.
Published: April 2023

Invasive alien species represent one of the main threats to biodiversity and species extinction. This is the case for the genus Prosopis, among which Prosopis velutina is the most invasive and common tree species along the Molopo River in the North-West Province, impacting native plant communities. However, its impact on the composition and diversity of native woody species remains poorly investigated in the area. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of P. velutina on native woody plant composition and diversity across three sites along the Molopo River. At each site, five quadrats of 20 × 20 m2 were randomly established in invaded and adjacent uninvaded stands. A comparative methodological approach was adopted, and the woody plants in invaded and uninvaded stands with similar site conditions were sampled. The results showed that native woody species density differed significantly (p < 0.05) between invaded and uninvaded stands, except for Bray sites, where there was a marginal difference (p = 0.6). The overall native woody species density decreased by 79.7% in the invaded stand. However, non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) indicated significant differences in native tree composition between invaded and uninvaded stands at all sites. In all three sites, all ecological indices had significantly lower values in invaded stands compared to uninvaded stands. The decrease in all ecological indices in invaded over uninvaded stands indicated that P. velutina invasion reduced the diversity of native woody plant species. Due to the incessant spread of P. velutina, it may become a long-term dominant species with an increasing impact on the native vegetation. Therefore, the findings of this study call for urgent management and appropriate control measures against the ongoing spread of this invader within the riparian zones of the Molopo River in North-West Province.
Pozzolanic Reactivity and Hydration Products of Cementitious Material Prepared Using Molybdenum Tailings
Authors: Geng Biyao , Wang Zongwen , Shi Shihu , Wang Kun , Fu Jianxun , Wen Zhenjiang , Guo Xiaogang
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to examine the pozzolanic reactivity and hydration products of cementitious materials prepared using molybdenum tailings. During the grinding process, the particle size of molybdenum tailings decreases continuously between 15 and 60 min, and the specific surface area increases from 367 to 932.4 m2/kg. For this, samples were prepared using 91 wt% milled molybdenum tailings, 3 wt% natural gypsum, 6 wt% calcium hydroxide, and a mixture of 0.3 wt% water reducer and water:binder at a ratio of 0.2. The phase transformation and hydration products of molybdenum tailings were analyzed using a compressive strength tester, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared radiation. The 3-, 7-, and 28-day compressive strengths of the samples were found to be 1.67, 3.17, and 3.83 MPa, respectively, which shows that the molybdenum tailings have pozzolanic reactivity. Other testing means showed that the molybdenum tailings are mainly composed of ettringite and C-S-H gel under standard curing conditions, and the collaborative generation process of ettringite and C-S-H gel may exist in this system.
Influence of Estimators and Numerical Approaches on the Implementation of NMPCs
Authors: Lima Fernando Arrais Romero Dias , Faria Ruan de Rezende , Curvelo Rodrigo , Cadorini Matheus Calheiros Fernandes , Echeverry César Augusto García , de Souza Maurício Bezerra , Secchi Argimiro Resende
Published: April 2023

Advanced control strategies, together with state-estimation methods, are frequently applied to nonlinear and complex systems. It is crucial to understand which of these are the most efficient methods for the best use of these approaches in a chemical process. In the current work, nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) approaches were developed that considered three numerical methods: single shooting (SS), multiple shooting (MS), and orthogonal collocation (OC). Their performance was compared against the Van de Vusse reactor benchmark while considering set-point changes, unreachable set-point, disturbances, and mismatches. The results showed that the NMPC based on OC presented less computational cost than the other approaches. The extended Kalman filter (EKF), constrained extended Kalman filter (CEKF), and the moving horizon estimator (MHE) were also developed. The estimators’ performance was compared for the same benchmark by considering the computational cost and the mean squared error (MSE) for the estimated variables, thereby verifying the CEKF as the best option. Finally, the performance of the nine combinations of estimators and control approaches was compared to consider the Van de Vusse reactor and the same scenarios, thereby verifying the best performance of the CEKF with the OC. The present work can help with choosing the numerical method and the estimator for controlling chemical processes.
Establishment of a Research Focus on Resilient Sustainable Climate Neutral Agricultural Production—Resilient Farming Initiative
Authors: Uhl Alexander , Schmidt Axel , Tegtmeier Martin , Wenzel Andreas , Beneke Frank , Strube Jochen
Published: April 2023

Efficient and sustainable agricultural production is a pivotal factor in meeting the nutritional needs of an expanding global population. However, it is imperative to optimize national, regional and local effectiveness to support government initiatives towards climate neutrality and resilience, while simultaneously ensuring economic viability for farmers. A significant reduction in the cost of goods must be accompanied by a decrease in their global warming potential contribution to maintain competitiveness in the world market. As such, it is necessary to adopt practices that enhance productivity while minimizing environmental impacts. This paper discusses potential solutions for the sustainable enlargement of botanical product portfolios towards essential oil products and natural extracts for value-added products, such as natural pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agrochemicals and materials by direct waste valorization. Contributions from the fields of automation and digitalization provide the basic technology for the realization of the approaches presented. Agricultural photovoltaics can contribute to the goal of the reduction of the cost of goods and global warming potential, such as the already established utilization of biogas. The potential of the research initiative described is demonstrated by basic data on key characteristic numbers and costs from the literature. The economic potential for climate neutrality and the reduction of global warming potential contribution is seen in magnitudes of factors 5–10. A research initiative is recommended and exemplified for the industrialization of such integrated processing.