bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles elicited agro-morphological and physicochemical modifications in wheat plants to control Bipolaris sorokiniana
Authors: Satti Seema Hassan , Raja Naveed Iqbal , Javed Bilal , Akram Abida , Mashwani Zia-ur-Rehman , Ahmad Muhammad Sheeraz , Ikram Muhammad
Published: February 2021

The current study involves the biogenesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) by using Moringa oleifera Lam. aqueous leaf extract for the reduction of titanium dioxide salt into TiO2 nanoparticles. The biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were observed by using the UV-visible spectrophotometry, SEM, EDX and XRD analytical methods. It was confirmed that the nanoparticles are crystalline and exist in the size range of 10–100 nm. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of O-H (hydrogen bonding), N-H (amide), C-C (alkanes) and C-I (Iodo-stretch) functional groups responsible for the stabilization of nanoparticles. Various concentrations (20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/L) of TiO2 NPs were applied exogenously on wheat plants infected with a fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana responsible to cause spot blotch disease at different time intervals. The measurement of disease incidence and percent disease index showed the time-dependent response and 40 mg/L was reported a stable concentration of TiO2 NPs to reduce the disease severity. The effects of biosynthesized TiO2 NPs were also evaluated for agro-morphological (leaf and root surface area, plant fresh and dry weight and yield parameters), physiological (relative water content, membrane stability index and chlorophyll content) and non-enzymatic metabolites (soluble sugar, protein, soluble phenol and flavonoid content) in wheat plants under biotic stress and 40 mg/L concentration of TiO2 NPs was found to be effective to elicit modifications to reduce biotic stress. The current study highlights the significant role of biosynthesized TiO2 NPs in controlling fungal diseases of wheat plants and thus ultimately improving the quality and yield of wheat plants.
A pszichológia egysége vagy sokszínűsége a mai világban
Authors: Pléh Csaba
Published: February 2021

Az esszéisztikus dolgozat azt tekinti át, hogyan fogalmazódtak meg vitakérdések a pszichológia egysége vagy sokrétűsége körül. Az egyik visszatérő kérdés a pszichológia oksági naturalista és megértő, hermeneutikus felfogása. E két gondolatmenet kizáró, kiegészítő és egységesítő változatait elemezve azt hangsúlyozom, hogy az ember mint természeti lény állandón értelmezésre és a jelentések keresésére törekszik. Ez a gondolatmenet vezet el a személy, a Self narratív, önelbeszélés-szerű értelmezéséhez. A pszichológia klasszikus és mai megosztottságait elemezve visszatérő kérdés, hogy vajon aggasztó-e a megosztottság. Amellett érvelek, hogy a pszichológiának az emberi lét sokrétű meghatározottságából kiindulva el kell fogadnia saját sokarcúságát. Inkább gyűjtögető rókaként s nem mindent egyneművé tevő sünként kell keresse új lehetőségeit, Isaiah Berlin metaforáját használva.
A simple and quick sensitivity analysis method for methane isotopologues detection with GOSAT-TANSO-FTS
Authors: Malina Edward , Muller Jan-Peter , Walton David
Published: February 2021

Measurements of methane isotopologues can differentiate between different source types, be they biogenic (e.g. marsh lands) or abiogenic (e.g. industry). Global measurements of these isotopologues would greatly benefit the current disconnect between ‘top-down’ (knowledge from chemistry transport models and satellite measurements) and ‘bottom-up’ (in situ measurement inventories) methane measurements. However, current measurements of these isotopologues are limited to a small number of in situ studies and airborne studies. In this paper we investigate the potential for detecting the second most common isotopologue of methane (13CH4) from space using the Japanese Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite applying a quick and simple residual radiance analysis technique. The method allows for a rapid analysis of spectral regions, and can be used to teach university students or advanced school students about radiative transfer analysis. Using this method we find limited sensitivity to 13CH4, with detections limited to total column methane enhancements of >6%, assuming a desert surface albedo of >0.3.
The relevance of the European Audit Reform from the perspective of auditors
Authors: Nunes Victor , Ferreira de Albuquerque Fábio Henrique , Correia Alves Gabriel
Published: February 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo extraer conclusiones sobre el impacto de la reforma europea de auditoría (REA) sobre el papel y la independencia de los auditores externos desde la perspectiva de estos profesionales en Portugal. Las medidas implementadas por REA fueron seleccionadas para su análisis con el fin de aclarar y definir mejor el papel del auditor, reforzar la independencia profesional y el escepticismo del auditor y aumentar la supervisión de los auditores. Los datos fueron recolectados a partir de un cuestionario enviado a los auditores (ROC), resultando en una muestra de 89 profesionales. Los hallazgos apuntan a niveles en general superiores al desacuerdo para las diferentes medidas implementadas por la REA, que se amplían en cuanto a las respuestas de los auditores que consideraban fundamental la introducción de la REA. Además, los hallazgos muestran que el papel que desempeña la ROC en la sociedad se destaca, según ellos, como el tema más relevante relacionado con las REA.
Welfare Pluralism sebagai Metode Pemberdayaan di Dusun Gamol
Authors: Nadzifah Ulfiyatun
Published: February 2021

This study attempts to examine the corporate social responsibility (CSR) program of PT. Pertamina (Persero) Fuel Terminal Rewulu which is based on a community empowerment program that has been running in several areas around the company, one of which is located in Dusun Gamol. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research approach. Data is collected through interviews, search for written documents, observations, and data analysis. This paper looks at the process and impact of empowerment that occurs in the region. I finds that empowerment here is an activity that aims to increase the ability in terms of processing the results of the etawa goat farm into milk powder products that are of sale value. With the help of the company it is hoped that the community can carry out more productive activities in managing goat's milk. The results showed that the empowerment in this hamlet went through several stages, as well as the program pioneered by corporate has a positive impact. The impact on mothers is mainly in increasing their skills and knowledge in goat milk production and being able to increase the income of group members.Studi ini berupaya mengkaji tentang program corporate social responsibility (CSR) PT. Pertamina (Persero) Fuel Terminal Rewulu yang berbasis program pemberdayaan masyarakat yang sudah berjalan di beberapa wilayah di sekitar perusahaan, salah satunya berada di Dusun Gamol. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, penelurusan dokumen tertulis, observasi, dan analisis data. Tulisan ini melihat bagaimana proses dan hasil dari pemberdayaan yang terjadi di wilayah tersebut. Saya menemukan bahwa pemberdayaan disini merupakan kegiatan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dalam hal mengolah hasil dari peternakan kambing etawa menjadi produk susu bubuk yang bernilai jual. Dengan adanya bantuan dari pihak perusahaan diharapkan masyarakat dapat melaksanakan kegiatan yang lebih produktif dalam mengelola susu kambing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan di dusun ini melalui beberapa tahap, serta program yang dipelopori oleh perusahaan  memiliki dampak positif. Dampak bagi ibu-ibu terutama dalam meningkatkan skill dan pengetahuan dalam produksi susu kambing serta mampu meningkatkan pendapatan anggota kelompok.
Polemik Majelis Ulama Indonesia tentang Konsep Islam Nusantara: Sebuah Analisis Framing Media Online
Authors: Sururi Hsb Zanniro
Published: February 2021

This study explores the Indonesian Ulema Council’s polemic coverage about the concept of Islam Nusantara through online media framing analysis. To look at online media framing, I use qualitative methods with Robert N. Etnman’s framing study that examines two things: selecting issues and the emphasis or promotion of certain aspects. The analysis contained four concepts: defining problems, diagnosing causes, making a moral judgment, and treatment recommendations. The results showed that three online media gave rise to a variety of news reports. Detiknews.com brings up news about scholars’ polemic in the Indonesian Ulema Council area behind Islam Nusantara’s concept eight times, CNNIndonesia.com five times, and Kompas.com three times. Interpretations of the three online media have different attitudes. Detiknews.com in framing can not be said to be neutral, but there has been a bit of a splash of neutrality by displaying statements as a bit of a counterparty, although dominated by pre-party views. CNNIndonesia.com is more impressed to provoke the public to respond to the construction of reality in framing because many use the election diction provocative title. Kompas.com is more neutral compared to Detiknews.com and CNNIndonesia.com. Kompas media tends to use the principle of cover both sides, and the news is more in the form of articles or public opinion.Studi ini mencoba untuk mengeksplorasi pemberitaan polemik Majelis Ulama Indonesia tentang konsep Islam Nusantara melalui analisis framing media online. Untuk melihat framing media online, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan analisis framing Robert N. Etnman yang mengkaji dua hal, yaitu seleksi isu dan penekanan atau penonjolan aspek-aspek tertentu. Analisis tersebut terdapat empat konsep, yaitu define problems (pendefenisian masalah), diagnose causes (memperkirakan penyebab masalah), make moral judgement (membuat pilihan moral), dan treatment recommendation (menekankan penyelesaian). Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa tiga media online memunculkan vitur berita yang beragam. Detiknews.com memunculkan berita tentang polemik ulama di kawasan MUI dibalik konsep “Islam Nusantara sebanyak 8 kali”, CNNIndonesia.com sebanyak 5 kali, dan Kompas.com sebanyak 3 kali. Interpretasi dari ketiga media online tersebut memiliki sikap berbeda-beda. Detiknews.com dalam melakukan framing belum bisa dikatakan netral, akan tetapi sudah ada sedikit percikan kenetralan dengan menampilkan pernyataan sekelumit pihak kontra walaupun didominasi pernyataan pihak yang pro. CNNIndonesia.com lebih terkesan memprovokasi masyarakat untuk menanggapi konstruksi realitas yang di framing karena banyak menggunakan pemilihan diksi judul yang provokatif. Kompas.com lebih netral dibandingkan dengan Detiknews.com dan CNNIndonesia.com. Media Kompas cenderung menggunakan prinsip cover both side dan pemberitaannya lebih banyak berbentuk artikel ataupun opini masyarakat.
Humanity in Public Service Advertisement “Sayyidi al Raīs” by Zain Group: Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Mansur Nurul Ulmi
Published: February 2021

In reality of life, humanitarian crises occur everywhere, including in the Middle East. The superpowers that have a special role in the world order seem to have closed their eyes to this case. Prolonged war, national, everywhere, and authoritarian rulers make peace even farther from the word. Advertisement is a medium to introduce and disseminate something. Recently, public service announcements have appeared that aim to reach or resolve issues that occur in society. This is what encourages the author to connect the micro text in advertisement itself with the macro text or reality in society, so the purpose of this research is to reveal attitudes and views in an advertisement in a humanitarian situation. The research data is in the form of fragments of song lyrics and pictures shown in Sayyidi al Rai>s advertisements. The data analysis was conducted descriptively-critical with analysis of the Fairclough critical discourse approach to explain the meaning of linguistic components such as vocabulary, modality, and grammar, so as to be able to reconstruct the discourse in the advertisement. Based on the results of the author's analysis, that a text is not static but a text has a relationship between one text and another or in society’s life. The result of this study concluded that Zain Group advertised or stated, in humanity, nationality and isolation were still rife in the world. It has a dialectical relationship with events that occur in society such as differences in the ideology of the superpowers with other countries, especially in Middle Eastern countries.
Lockdown Accounting
Authors: Gottlieb Charles , Grobovšek Jan , Poschke Markus , Saltiel Fernando
Published: February 2021

We use an accounting framework to evaluate the aggregate impact of a common lockdown policy for 85 countries. We find that poorer countries devote more labor to essential activities that are unaffected by the lockdown, while richer countries can more easily substitute non-essential employment with work from home. The lockdown generates an employment response that is U-shaped in income: it drops by 32% in the poorest quintile of the distribution, by 36% in the middle quintile, and by 31% in the richest quintile. Annualized GDP declines by 39% in the bottom three quintiles and by 31% in the richest quintile. Agriculture, an essential sector, is key in sustaining employment and economic activity in poorer countries.
Curative effects of the aqueous extract of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. gray (Asteraceae) against ethanol induced-hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Nguepi Ivan Stève Tsopmejio , Ngueguim Florence Tsofack , Gounoue Raceline Kamkumo , Mbatchou Adolphe , Dimo Theophile
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae) is used in Cameroonian traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases amongst which are hepatic disorders. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-diabetic properties have been reported but, there is no scientific information on its hepato-protective effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the curative effects of the Tithonia diversifolia (T. diversifolia) leaves aqueous extract on ethanol induced-hepatotoxicity in rats.

Methods

Ethanol 40° (4 g/kg) was administered daily by intragastric gavage for 21 days, and then the extract was administered concomitantly with ethanol for two more weeks. Some biochemical serum and tissue parameters were evaluated. Histopathologic analysis of the liver was carried out.

Results

The ingestion of ethanol induced a significant reduction of body weight and a significant increase in some markers of hepatic function (Alanine Amino-transferase, Aspartate Amino-transferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl-transferase, total bilirubin and albumin). These alterations were accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of serum triglycerides (p<0.001). Intoxicated animals were also characterized by a significant decrease of reduced glutathione and nitrites concentrations, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities as well as an increase of malondialdehyde levels. The histopathological examination showed vascular congestion, disorganized parenchyma, liver inflammation and dilation of sinusoid. The extract at the doses of 60 and 120 mg/kg reversed ethanol-induced adverse effects.

Conclusion

Our study found that, the aqueous extract of T. diversifolia leaves has hepato-protective activity against ethanol-induced liver damages due partly to its antioxidant effect. This result justifies its empirical use for the treatment of liver problems.
French Firms and COVID-19: Do the Debt Status, Crisis Management System, and Monetary Policy Play a Role?
Authors: Sami Mina
Published: February 2021

This study has two main objectives: first, it assesses the effect of outbreak pandemic diseases on the French firms’ stock returns by considering the sector of activity as the main center of analysis. Second, it investigates the role of the crisis management system, firm debt strategy, and monetary policy in dealing with the adverse shocks of the major outbreak of the COVID-19. The study results can be summarized as follows: (1) the daily growth in COVID-19 cases and deaths are associated with lower stock returns of the listed firms, especially for the firms operating in the energy, industrial and health care sectors. In contrast, telecommunication and consumer sectors are not significantly affected. (2) The pandemic’s adverse effect is much more tolerant with the French firms with an efficient crisis management system and low long-term debt commitments than the firms that do not have such a system and engaged with long term debts. (3) Euribor rates and monetary policy are still playing an essential role during the pandemic period.
A survey on health professionals’ understanding of federal protections regarding service dogs in clinical settings
Authors: Merk Alexander , Nelson Emily , Provost Alisha , Rasch Matthew , Forster Lisa , Nottingham Kelly , Simon Janet , Fredricks Todd
Published: February 2021

Context

Research has been scarce on health professionals’ knowledge about guidelines regulating service dogs in a clinical setting. Gaining insight into health professionals’ understanding of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) regulations concerning service dogs is critical for navigating compliance and reducing risk. Misinformation about service dogs could influence decisions affecting policy and care, leading to poor treatment and suboptimal health outcomes for patients with service animals.

Objectives

To assess health professionals’ knowledge about ADA regulations and beliefs about workplace protocols and training related to service dogs.

Methods

The study used snowball sampling to distribute surveys to health professionals from around the United States. Initial outreach occurred using mailing lists, investigators’ personal networks, and social media. The survey contained 24 items. True and false questions were used to test ADA knowledge and then coded as correct or incorrect. Most closed-end questions were measured on a 5-point Likert scale using frequencies and descriptive statistics. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to test whether variables, such as encounters to service dogs, affected knowledge of ADA requirements.

Results

The survey was completed by 441 health professionals from around the country. Most (234; 53.1%) worked in a hospital and came from a range of professional backgrounds (nurses, 155 [35.2%]; physicians, 71 [16.1%]). While nearly three-quarters (318 [73.1%]) of participants said their workplace had a policy on service animals, 113 (34.9%) of those said they were unfamiliar with the policy and 236 (54.5%) said they had not received adequate training on the topic. Most participants did not know basic ADA policy requirements related to service dogs. Only those who were extremely familiar with policy (F=4.613; p=0.001) and those who strongly agreed that they knew the differences between service dogs and other classes of animals (F=5.906; p=0.000) scored higher on the knowledge test than those who disagreed.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that increased familiarity and training leads to higher knowledge about service dogs and ADA policy. Health professionals need additional education on ADA service dog regulations and hospital policy in order to minimize risk and ensure patients with service dogs receive optimal care.
Correlation of first-trimester thymus size with chromosomal anomalies
Authors: Kleemann Sarah , Koch Raphael , Schmitz Ralf , Köster Helen A. , Braun Janina , Steinhard Johannes , Oelmeier Kathrin , Klockenbusch Walter , Möllers Mareike
Published: February 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between fetal thymus size measured during first-trimester screening and chromosomal anomalies.

Methods

This study is a retrospective evaluation, in which the anterior-posterior diameter of the thymus in a midsagittal plane was measured in first-trimester ultrasound between 11+0 and 13+6 weeks of gestation in 168 fetuses with chromosomal anomalies (study group) and 593 healthy fetuses (control group). The included cases were subdivided into six groups: (1) trisomy 21, (2) trisomy 18, (3) trisomy 13, (4) Turner syndrome, (5) triploidy and (6) normal controls. Thymus size measurements were adjusted to the week of gestation, which was determined by ultrasound using crown-rump-length (CRL), by calculating a ratio between CRL and thymus size (CRL-thymus-ratio). Each study group was compared with the control group separately.

Results

Thymus size in fetuses affected by trisomy 18 or trisomy 13 was noticeably smaller compared to the control group (1.4 mm [1.3, 1.5] and 1.3 mm [1.2, 1.4] vs. 1.8 mm [1.6, 2.1]; all p<0.001; respectively). The thymus size of fetuses with trisomy 21 and Turner syndrome did not differ from healthy fetuses. Between the CRL-thymus-ratios of the separate study groups no statistically noticeable differences could be found.

Conclusions

Fetal thymus size appeared to be smaller in pregnancies affected by trisomy 18 and trisomy 13. The predictive value of fetal thymus size in first-trimester screening should be evaluated prospectively.
Predicting Multiple Properties of Pervious Concrete through the Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Zhang Yun , Xu Xiaojie
Published: February 2021

Pervious concrete creates a very porous medium that allows water to penetrate the pavement to underlying soils. It is a promising candidate in permeable pavement systems in urban areas, which could be an efficient solution to sustainable drainage systems. Concrete mixture design usually requires labor-intensive and time-consuming work, which involves a significant amount of “trial batching” approaches. Recently, machine learning methods have demonstrated that a robust model might help reduce the experimental work. Thus, we develop the Gaussian process regression (GPR) model to shed light on the relationship between predictors (nominal coarse aggregate sizes, cement content, water-to-cement ratios, and coarse aggregates content) and each of the different properties (density, compressive strength, tensile strength, and porosity) of pervious concrete. The modeling approach has a high degree of accuracy and stability, contributing to fast, low-cost estimations of multiple properties of pervious concrete.
A Multi-Site Collaborative Study of the Hostile Priming Effect
Authors: McCarthy Randy , Gervais Will , Aczel Balazs , Al-Kire Rosemary L. , Aveyard Mark , Marcella Baraldo Silvia , Baruh Lemi , Basch Charlotte , Baumert Anna , Behler Anna , Bettencourt Ann , Bitar Adam , Bouxom Hugo , Buck Ashley , Cemalcilar Zeynep , Chekroun Peggy , Chen Jacqueline M. , del Fresno- Díaz Ángel , Ducham Alec , Edlund John E. , ElBassiouny Amanda , Evans Thomas Rhys , Ewell Patrick J. , Forscher Patrick S. , Fuglestad Paul T. , Hauck Lauren , Hawk Christopher E. , Hermann Anthony D. , Hines Bryon , Irumva Mukunzi , Jordan Lauren N. , Joy-Gaba Jennifer A. , Haley Catherine , Kačmár Pavol , Kezer Murat , Körner Robert , Kosaka Muriel , Kovacs Marton , Lair Elicia C. , Légal Jean-Baptiste , Leighton Dana C. , Magee Michael W. , Markman Keith , Martončik Marcel , Müller Martin , Norman Jasmine B. , Olsen Jerome , Oyler Danielle , Phills Curtis E. , Ribeiro Gianni , Rohain Alia , Sakaluk John , Schütz Astrid , Toribio-Flórez Daniel , Tsang Jo-Ann , Vezzoli Michela , Williams Caitlin , Willis Guillermo B. , Young Jason , Zogmaister Cristina
Published: February 2021

In a now-classic study by Srull and Wyer (1979), people who were exposed to phrases with hostile content subsequently judged a man as being more hostile. And this “hostile priming effect” has had a significant influence on the field of social cognition over the subsequent decades. However, a recent multi-lab collaborative study (McCarthy et al., 2018) that closely followed the methods described by Srull and Wyer (1979) found a hostile priming effect that was nearly zero, which casts doubt on whether these methods reliably produce an effect. To address some limitations with McCarthy et al. (2018), the current multi-site collaborative study included data collected from 29 labs. Each lab conducted a close replication (total N = 2,123) and a conceptual replication (total N = 2,579) of Srull and Wyer’s methods. The hostile priming effect for both the close replication (d = 0.09, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.22], z = 1.34, p = .16) and the conceptual replication (d = 0.05, 95% CI [-0.04, 0.15], z = 1.15, p = .58) were not significantly different from zero and, if the true effects are non-zero, were smaller than what most labs could feasibly and routinely detect. Despite our best efforts to produce favorable conditions for the effect to emerge, we did not detect a hostile priming effect. We suggest that researchers should not invest more resources into trying to detect a hostile priming effect using methods like those described in Srull and Wyer (1979).
Straight From the Scientist’s Mouth—Plain Language Summaries Promote Laypeople’s Comprehension and Knowledge Acquisition When Reading About Individual Research Findings in Psychology
Authors: Kerwer Martin , Chasiotis Anita , Stricker Johannes , Günther Armin , Rosman Tom
Published: February 2021

Easily comprehensible summaries of scholarly articles that are provided alongside ‘ordinary’ scientific abstracts, so-called plain language summaries, can be a powerful tool for communicating research findings to a wider audience. Using an experimental within-person-design in a preregistered study (N = 166), we showed that the comprehensibility for laypeople was higher for plain language summaries compared to scientific abstracts in a psychological journal and also found that laypeople actually understood the corresponding information more correctly for plain language summaries. Moreover, in line with the easiness effect of science popularization, individuals perceived plain language summaries as more credible and were more confident about their ability to make a decision based on plain language summaries. If and under which circumstances this higher perceived credibility is justified, is discussed together with other practical implications and theoretical implications of our findings. In sum, our research further strengthens arguments for providing plain language summaries of psychological research findings by demonstrating that they actually work in practice.
MITOL promotes cell survival by degrading Parkin during mitophagy
Authors: Shiiba Isshin , Takeda Keisuke , Nagashima Shun , Ito Naoki , Tokuyama Takeshi , Yamashita Shun‐Ichi , Kanki Tomotake , Komatsu Toru , Urano Yasuteru , Fujikawa Yuuta , Inatome Ryoko , Yanagi Shigeru
Published: February 2021

Parkin promotes cell survival by removing damaged mitochondria via mitophagy. However, although some studies have suggested that Parkin induces cell death, the regulatory mechanism underlying the dual role of Parkin remains unknown. Herein, we report that mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase (MITOL/MARCH5) regulates Parkin‐mediated cell death through the FKBP38‐dependent dynamic translocation from the mitochondria to the ER during mitophagy. Mechanistically, MITOL mediates ubiquitination of Parkin at lysine 220 residue, which promotes its proteasomal degradation, and thereby fine‐tunes mitophagy by controlling the quantity of Parkin. Deletion of MITOL leads to accumulation of the phosphorylated active form of Parkin in the ER, resulting in FKBP38 degradation and enhanced cell death. Thus, we have shown that MITOL blocks Parkin‐induced cell death, at least partially, by protecting FKBP38 from Parkin. Our findings unveil the regulation of the dual function of Parkin and provide a novel perspective on the pathogenesis of PD.
A Look at the Evolution of the Right to Self -determination in International Law
Authors: von Chamier Cieminski Paweł
Published: February 2021

The article takes stock of the historical development of the notion of the right of a people to self-determination in international law. It provides a coherent review of the main international treaties, customary rules, and legal rulings that shaped the evolution of the term over the course of the twentieth century. In doing so, it focuses on the main historical and political events, which had an impact on that process as well as the preconditions that have to be met in order for a people to have the legal capacity to execute the right to self-determination. Three main processes, which it focuses on are: decolonization, the establishment of a number of new countries following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and the recent developments following ICJ’s Advisory Opinion on Accordance with International Law of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Respect of Kosovo. It also delineates the subject of the legal definition of a “people” as opposed to a “minority”, describes the legal tension between the right to self--determination and the principle of territorial continuity in international law, and discusses potential further development of the term.
Revisoría fiscal y control fiscal como formas de control estatal en Colombia
Authors: Jorge Andrés Torres Calderón , Mara Margarita Montes Arrieta
Published: February 2021

Este artículo es producto de la investigación denominada “Aproximación teórico- instrumental de la institución de la revisoría fiscal y la función pública del control fiscal en el contexto de las sociedades de economía mixta y las empresas industriales y comerciales del Estado” financiada por la Universidad de la Costa CUC a través de su Vicerrectoría de Investigación. El artículo se estructura en cinco títulos principales, dentro de los cuales se encuentra la introducción, fundamentación teoría, metodología, resultados, y conclusiones. Tiene como objetivo el análisis de la influencia de la revisoría fiscal en el ejercicio del control fiscal estatal en Colombia conforme a lo establecido en la Constitución Política, el Código de Comercio y la Ley 42 de 1993, donde fue empleada una investigación no experimental de carácter bibliográfico de enfoque cualitativo y con un tipo de estudio descriptivo. La investigación analizó 47 informes de auditorías realizadas a empresas estatales del orden nacional y territorial y 47 informes emitidos por revisores fiscales de empresas que manejan recursos del Estado.
Tratamiento mínimamente invasivo para fracturas toracolumbares
Authors: Pereira Duarte Matías , Camino Willhuber Gastón , Estefan Martín Miguel , Kido Gonzalo Rodrigo , Bassani Julio , Petracchi Matías Gustavo , Sola Carlos Alberto , Gruenberg Marcelo
Published: February 2021

Introducción: Las técnicas mínimamente invasivas para tratar las fracturas toracolumbares se han desarrollado con el objetivo de reducir, al mínimo, la morbilidad perioperatoria. El objetivo primario de este estudio fue evaluar los resultados clínicos y radiológicos de una serie de pacientes con diagnóstico de fractura toracolumbar por causa traumática tratados con procedimientos mínimamente invasivos.
Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un análisis retrospectivo de los datos demográficos, radiológicospre y posoperatorios, y funcionales posoperatorios mediante el índice de Oswestry y la escala analógica visual para dolor, en una serie de pacientes que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Se registraron las complicaciones y la estancia hospitalaria.
Resultados: Se analizaron 15 pacientes (10 hombres) con una edad promedio de 59 años y un seguimiento promedio de 32.9 meses. Los pacientes tenían un dolor promedio posoperatorio de 2/10 y un valor promedio del índice de Oswestry de 14/100. El análisis radiológico mostró un valor promedio preoperatorio de cifosis de 16º, que se corrigió a 10° (p = 0,01). La altura promedio de la vértebra comprometida fue de 18 mm en el preoperatorio y de 21 mm en el último seguimiento (p = 0,02). Hubo tres complicaciones (20%) en tres pacientes. La estancia hospitalaria promedio fue de 9 días. Tres pacientes fueron internados nuevamentedentro de los 90 días de la cirugía.
Conclusión: El tratamiento de las fracturas toracolumbares por causa traumática mediante técnicas mínimamente invasivas fue un procedimiento seguro y logró buenos resultados clínicos y radiológicos en el seguimiento a mediano plazo.Nivel de Evidencia: IV
Fascitis necrotizante como complicación de una osteosíntesis de fractura medial de cadera. Presentación de un caso
Authors: Latorre Marcos , Holc Fernando , Montenegro Noelia Belén , Oñativia José Ignacio
Published: February 2021

Introducción: La fascitis necrotizante es un cuadro infrecuente que provoca una alta morbimortalidad. La comunicación de esta entidad asociada a una osteosíntesis de cadera con tornillos canulados es inusual. Se describe el caso de un paciente con múltiples comorbilidades tratado por una fractura medial de cadera mediante una osteosíntesis con tornillos canulados. El paciente ingresó con un cuadro de shock séptico. Requirió cirugía de urgencia con fasciotomía amplia y limpieza quirúrgica más desbridamiento extenso de tejido necrótico. Esta presentación hace hincapié en la importancia de reconocer las principales manifestaciones de esta enfermedad. El diagnóstico es fundamentalmente clínico y requiere de una alta sospecha para instaurar un tratamiento precoz.
Conclusiones: A pesar de su baja frecuencia y los escasos reportes relacionados con cirugías ortopédicas, es importante tener en cuenta esta entidad como una posible complicación de la cirugía.Nivel de Evidencia: IV
Fractura del poste tibial en la artroplastia total de rodilla estabilizada a posterior. Presentación de dos casos
Authors: Pesciallo César , Lopreite Fernando Hernán , Garabano Germán , Tillet Fernando , Rodríguez Joaquín , Del Sel Hernán
Published: February 2021

La fractura del poste tibial luego de un reemplazo total de rodilla es una complicación poco frecuente e incapacitante. Presentamos a dos pacientes con fractura del poste tibial no traumática, que acudieron con dolor más inestabilidad en recurvatum, de forma repentina, después de reemplazos articulares con buen funcionamiento previo. El primer paciente se presentó a los 12 años del reemplazo total de rodilla primario y el segundo, a los 14 meses. Ambos tenían el mismo modelo de prótesis estabilizada a posterior. Los dos pacientes fueron sometidos a una revisión con prótesis abisagrada rotatoria (Endo-Model NR®, Waldemar Link, EE.UU.), sin recidiva de la deformidad.Nivel de Evidencia: IV
Normograma predictivo para evaluar la supervivencia en pacientes con metástasis vertebrales
Authors: Gottileb Juan , Resano Horacio , García Ignacio , Bulos Claudio
Published: February 2021

Introducción: La decisión respecto al procedimiento quirúrgico y la estrategia operatoria se basa en las expectativas de vida de los pacientes. Los sistemas difieren mucho en los parámetros evaluados y en el resultado del puntaje total. Por lo tanto, para un mismo paciente, se pueden calcular diferentes períodos de supervivencia y sugerir estrategias de tratamiento contradictorias.

Objetivo: Analizar pacientes con metástasis vertebrales que fueron operados y evaluar la supervivencia mediante el normograma del SORG (Skeletal Oncology Research Group).

Materiales y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó a 20 pacientes, de marzo de 2017 a marzo de 2109. Los criterios de inclusión fueron metástasis vertebrales con compresión medular o sin ella. Parámetros de evaluación: el normograma del SORG con probabilidad de supervivencia a los 30, 90 y 365 días, en la fase prequirúrgica, y la evaluación alejada: supervivencia a marzo de 2020.

Resultados: 14 mujeres y 6 hombres, edad promedio: 67.9 años. Seguimiento de 6-36 meses. El puntaje promedio final fue de 222,4, lo que equivaldría a una supervivencia del 99% al mes, 78% a los 3 meses y 50% al año.

Conclusión: En pacientes oncológicos con metástasis vertebrales, el normograma del SORG seríaútil para predecir la supervivencia, sobre todo, al año.Nivel de Evidencia: IV
Reducción de la luxación de hombro en tiempos de pandemia. Una nueva luz sobre una vieja ventana
Authors: Lencina Omar , Demarchi Edgardo Luis , Simbeni María Laura
Published: February 2021

Se presenta el caso de una paciente con luxación de hombro izquierdo, que consulta en el servicio de emergencia de nuestro hospital, durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Se incluye un video donde se muestra la maniobra de reducción de Davos o de Boos-Holzach-Matter con la que fue tratada.Nivel de Evidencia: IV

 

 

Se presenta el caso de una paciente con luxación de hombro izquierdo, que consulta en el servicio de emergencia de nuestro hospital, durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Se incluye un video donde se muestra la maniobra de reducción de Davos o de Boos-Holzach-Matter con la que fue tratada
Instrucción Ortopédica de Posgrado - Imágenes - Presentación del caso
Authors: Trueba Ricardo
Published: February 2021

Se presenta,paciente de 36 años que consulta por dolor de aparición brusca y progresivo en la cadera derecha, sin antecedentes clínicos ni traumáticos, que aumenta con la bipedestación o la marcha.
Delayed Antibiotic Prescription for Children With Respiratory Infections: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Mas-Dalmau Gemma , Villanueva López Carmen , Gorrotxategi Gorrotxategi Pedro , Argüelles Prendes Emma , Espinazo Ramos Oscar , Valls Duran Teresa , Gonzalo Alonso María Encarnación , Cortés Viana María Pilar , Menéndez Bada Tatiana , Vázquez Fernández Marta Esther , Pérez Hernández Ana Isabel , Muñoz Ortiz Laura , Little Paul , de la Poza Abad Mariam , Alonso-Coello Pablo ,   ON BEHALF OF THE DAP PEDIATRICS GROUP*
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVES:

To assess the effectiveness and safety of delayed antibiotic prescription (DAP) compared to immediate antibiotic prescription (IAP) and no antibiotic prescription (NAP) in children with uncomplicated respiratory infections.

METHODS:

Randomized clinical trial comparing 3 antibiotic prescription strategies. The participants were children with acute uncomplicated respiratory infections attended to in 39 primary care centers. Children were randomly assigned into prescription arms as follows: (1) DAP, (2) IAP, or (3) NAP. Primary outcomes were symptom duration and severity. Secondary outcomes were antibiotic use, parental satisfaction, parental beliefs, additional primary care visits, and complications at 30 days.

RESULTS:

In total, 436 children were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) duration of severe symptoms was 10.1 (6.3) for IAP, 10.9 (8.5) for NAP, and 12.4 (8.4) for DAP (P = .539), although the differences were not statistically significant. The median (interquartile range) of the greatest severity for any symptom was similar for the 3 arms (median [interquartile range] score of 3 [2–4]; P = .619). Antibiotic use was significantly higher for IAP (n = 142 [96%]) compared to DAP (n = 37 [25.3%]) and NAP (n = 17 [12.0%]) (P < .001). Complications, additional visits to primary care, and satisfaction were similar for all strategies. Gastrointestinal adverse effects were higher for IAP.

CONCLUSIONS:

There was no statistically significant difference in symptom duration or severity in children with uncomplicated respiratory infections who received DAP compared to NAP or IAP strategies; however, DAP reduced antibiotic use and gastrointestinal adverse effects.
Innerarity, D. (2018). Política para perplejos. Barcelona, España: Galaxia Gutenberg
Authors: Robles Leal Alejandro
Published: February 2021

En Política para perplejos, Daniel Innerarity nos presenta una lectura bastante clara de nuestra realidad global y donde apunta una cuestión con la cual todos podemos coincidir pero que no habíamos descrito con tanta vehemencia: asistimos a una época en la que la política nos llena de desconcierto e incertidumbre.
¿Qué es participación ciudadana para los partidos políticos municipales?
Authors: Barquero Zúñiga Sebastián , Villalta Florez-Estrada José María
Published: February 2021

Este artículo describe el nivel de discusión sobre mecanismos de control democrático en el proceso electoral municipal 2016 en Costa Rica. Las reformas electorales y constitucionales de los últimos años han definido un orden jurídico y político que demanda mayor actividad de la ciudadanía en los asuntos públicos de las municipalidades. Por lo tanto, es importante ahondar en los instrumentos o mecanismos que ofrecen los partidos políticos en materia de participación  ciudadana y cómo pretenden utilizarlos en un posible gobierno municipal.
Espacios de comunicación. Esfera política costarricense en la Campaña Electoral 2018
Authors: Vergara Heidke Adrián , Valverde Kendy
Published: February 2021

Las campañas electorales en su dimensión comunicacional pueden ser analizadas a partir de enfoques interdisciplinarios, entre ellos, desde el cruce de los estudios del discurso, la lingüística de texto y la comunicación política. Durante las campañas electorales son variados los espacios de comunicación a los que se recurre tanto para captar votantes como para discutir sobre candidatos(as) y sus propuestas. En el presente artículo, el objetivo es identificar los diferentes espacios de comunicación de la campaña electoral 2018 y sus principales géneros discursivos, a partir de 48 entrevistas realizadas en 12 distritos de Costa Rica sobre esas elecciones. La metodología utilizada se centró en una cuantificación de los espacios de comunicación nombrados en las entrevistas. Las categorías de análisis que se identificaron fueron las siguientes: espacios de comunicación informativos y participativos, ámbitos cerrado -espacio personal- y abierto -espacio público-, las relaciones de verticalidad u horizontal entre participantes de los espacios de comunicación y, por último, los géneros discursivos. Los principales resultados indican que hay una preferencia por los espacios de comunicación informativos sobre los participativos, en los que la televisión es el principal medio. Esto indica que el eje de verticalidad constituye la relación dominante durante la campaña. Por otro lado, las conversaciones cara a cara entre familiares es el espacio participativo más común. Finalmente, se proponen varias áreas para la realización de investigaciones futuras.
“Somos domadores de seres humanos”: pacificación y necropolítica en las favelas de Río de Janeiro
Authors: Saborío Rodríguez Sebastián
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza las Unidades de Policía Pacificadora (UPPs) de Río de Janero, las cuales, desde diciembre del 2008, se han encargado de tomar el control de algunas de las favelas de la ciudad que eran ocupadas por grupos criminales fuertemente armados. Mediante el uso de los conceptos de“necropolítica” de Mbembe y de “pacificación” de Neocleous, se demostrará que en estos espacios el control policial está fuertemente marcado por su pasado colonial. En particular, en los últimos cuarenta años ha quedado claro que, para quienes han gobernado la ciudad, la vida de los habitantes de las favelas por sí misma no tiene ningún valor y que la decisión de dejarlos vivir o hacerlos morir está subordinada a intereses económicos. Antes del proceso de pacificación, las autoridades locales, apoyadas por la opinión pública, fomentaban la letalidad policial en las favelas, mientras que la permanencia de las UPPs se caracterizó por el intento de ocultar el necropoder de la policía en estos territorios y por querer transformar la imagen de los residentes con la intención de apoyar procesos de atracción de capitales internacionales que la ciudad implementó en la última década. En fin, se profundizará sobre los motivos que llevaron los agentes de las UPPs a considerar que su principalmisión es la de “civilizar” la población de las favelas. El análisis propuesto en este artículo es el resultado de un estudio etnográfico desarrollado principalmente junto a miembros de tres Unidades de Policía Pacificadora entre el 2013 y el 2015.
Capacidades profesionales para potenciar un desarrollo territorial más inclusivo en Costa Rica
Authors: Durán-Monge Esteban , Santos María
Published: February 2021

El estudio aplica técnicas de análisis geoespacial para identificar zonas que concentran competencias profesionales en áreas clave para apoyar la transformación productiva hacia sectores de mayor sofisticación tecnológica en un país en desarrollo como Costa Rica. Se evidencian cinco conglomerados en la Gran Área Metropolitana, que aglutinan el 76,8% de los profesionales formados durante el periodo 2000-2017 en áreas científico-tecnológicas más afines a los sectores productivos. Fuera de la región central, se encuentran cinco conglomerados con capacidades más modestas. Un segundo análisis enfocado en el talento con competencias en tecnologías digitales reproduce con escasas variantes el resultado anterior. Este patrón de distribución obstaculiza un cambio más generalizado en la matriz productiva, tanto por su elevada concentración geográfica en el centro del país, como por el perfil académico en que prevalece el nivel más bajo de cualificación. Ese perfil restringe las oportunidades de una innovación más disruptiva en tecnologías requeridas para desplazar la producción hacia actividades productivas de mayor valor.
Hromatska terminologija u rusinskom i srpskom jeziku
Authors: Fejsa Mihajlo P.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the author compares chromatic terms in Ruthenian and Serbian. He focuses on the basic colour terms according to Berlin and Kay:white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, purple, pink, orange, andgrey. They have equivalents in both languages: Ruthenianbila– Serbianbela, čarna–crna, červena–crvena, željena–zelena, žovta/žolta–žuta, belava–plava, braon–braon, lilova–ljubičasta, celova–roze, pomarančecova/poma- randžecova–narandžasta, šiva–siva. The criterion of one-morpheme word is not appli- cable to the termslilova, celova, andpomarančecova/pomarandžecovain Ruthenian, andljubičastaandnarandžastain Serbian. It is applicable to the termsbila, čarna, červena, željena, žovta/žolta, belava, braon, andšiva. With the exception ofbraon, all these terms are derived from the Proto-Slavic language (*bеlъ, *čьrnъ, *čьrvenъ, *zelenъ, *žltъ, *polvь, and *sivъ). As far as the Berlin–Kay’s universal of seven phases of colour formation is con- cerned, our study of chromatic terminology confirms it. In accordance with the supposed first stage of development, the Ruthenian language hasbilaandčarna; according to the second stage, Ruthenian hasčervena; in accordance with the third stage, Ruthenian hasže- ljenaoržovta/žolta; according to the fourth stage, Ruthenian hasžovta/žoltaorželjena; in accordance with the fifth stage, Ruthenian hasbelava; according to the sixth stage, it hasbraon; and in accordance with the seventh stage (even if we leave aside the multi-mor- pheme termslilova, celova, andpomarančecova/pomarandžecova), it hasšiva. Generally speaking, the usage of the terms is identical in both investigated languages but there are several differences (e.g.cibulja–beli luk, željena pasulja–boranija). The most frequent suffixes are -astaand -istain Ruthenian, and -astain Serbian.

Most of the chromatic terms are of Slavic origin but there are several borrowings used for nuance purposes in recent decades, e.g.azurna, teget, akvamarin, tirkizna, and others. Some borrowings remain unchanged, e.g. in both languagesblond, braon, drap, krem, bež, andoker, and only in Serbianlilaandroze. Hungarian was the official language until the first decades of the 20th century (until the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1918), during which Ruthenian–Hungarian bilingualism reigned. That is the reason why several Hungarian colour names are found, e.g. in surnames (the Ruthenian surnameBarnacomes from Hungarianbarna‘brown’,Fekete/Feketais fromfekete‘black’, andVerešis fromvörös‘red’) and in the names of domestic animals (the Ruthenian horse namepejka[Serbianriđan] comes from Hungarianpej‘brown’ andšarga[Serbianžutalj] is fromsár- ga‘yellow’). The general name for ‘colour’ comes from the German language (Ruthenianfarbais from GermanFarbe).