bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I Began to Understand Piłsudski, When I Reached His Age”. Memoirs of G.F. Matveev in the Form of Interview
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Matveev Gennady , Stykalin Alexander ,   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Parfirev Dmitrii ,   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gerasimova Olga ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: February 2024

Gennady Filippovich Matveev (born in 1943), Doctor of Historical Sciences, Honored Professor of Moscow University, Head of the Department of the History of the Southern and Western Slavs of Moscow State University, one of the leading domestic specialists in the modern history of Poland, tells about his life and professional activities at the request of the editors of the journal Slavic World in the Third Millennium. Born on the banks of the Volga, G.F. Matveev spent his childhood and youth in Western Ukraine. Since 1966, his whole life has been inextricably linked with the Moscow University, where he received a diploma in history, completed his postgraduate studies, defended his candidate’s and doctoral theses, and where he has been teaching for half a century and was head of the department for more than three decades. The students of G.F. Matveev completed and defended a large number of diplomas, master’s and candidate’s theses, they work in different cities of the country and abroad. As a historian, G.F. Matveev invariably relies on deep researches in archives, introduces a lot of new material into circulation, his innovative research on the history of the Soviet-Polish war of 1920 caused fruitful discussions both in Russia and in Poland, prompting other historians to further research. Gennady Filippovich is the author of the first fundamental biography in Russian of the key statesman of Poland of the 20th century Józef Piƚsudski. Not limited to the problems of Polish history, G.F. Matveev turned to comparative historical research on the material of various Slavic countries, in particular, on the ideology of peasant movements in the period between the two world wars. As an author and editor, he took part in the work on textbooks on the history of the southern and western Slavs. For more than half a century, G.F. Matveev maintains close ties with the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, he is a member of the editorial boards of historical journals, both Russian and Polish. G.F. Matveev talks about his post-war childhood, youth, impressions of his student years, about his work at the Moscow University, about his numerous trips to Poland and more than half a century of communication with Polish colleagues. He also shares his opinion on the current development and prospects of Polish studies in Russia, the possibilities for further dialogue between the two cultures.
Сonference Chronicle “Tradition and Innovations in Modern Slavic Studies” in Harbin
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chivarzina Alexandra
Published: February 2024

In November 2023, the leading researchers of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences made an official visit to Harbin Normal University, co-operation with which has been maintained for 6 years. The visit coincided with a big international symposium “Tradition and Innovation in Modern Slavic Studies”, organized by both parties. Outstanding academicians, researchers, language instructors, postdocs, PhD students and students of various Slavic specialties from different regions of the Slavic world and provinces of China took part in this major scientific event. The long border with Russia and regular contacts through the centuries led to an emphasis on the study of the Russian language, Russian literature and Russian history as the main topics of the Slavic studies in China. However, presentations on research topics traditional for the Russian Slavic, including Polish studies, Bohemian studies, East Slavic and South Slavic studies, could also be heard in plenary and sectional reports. The experience of participating in a conference organized by the Chinese colleagues made it possible to understand the development prospects of the Slavic studies in China, the scope of the Slavic sciences in Chinese realities, which scientific areas and disciplines are in greatest demand from the society and from the government, which educational centers exist to train highly qualified personnel in different Slavic countries and languages. Slavic studies in the world is an important cultural phenomenon and a part of global cultural heritage, as evidenced by the past symposium.
Performance Evaluation of Intelligent Agricultural Supply Chain Based on Structural Equation Model
Authors:   Department of Economics, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea, Zhang Yujie , Li Na ,   Department of Economics, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
Published: February 2024

To solve the problems of unstable chain and poor supply chain (SC) function in the China’s agriculture industry, the relevant study is carried out on the function evaluation of the sustainable agricultural SC by structural equation modelling (SEM) under the background of digital technology. Primarily, the analysis is implemented on the research status of the sustainable SC and SC function. Then, starting with the relationship among big data (BD) application, information sharing, and sustainable SC function of agricultural production, a function evaluation model is implemented for the sustainable SC of SEM-based agricultural production. Next, a questionnaire is designed for the research on the impact of BD applications on the function of the sustainable agricultural SC. Ultimately, the statistical analysis of the obtained data reveals the correlation between the interaction and influence among the BD application, information sharing, and sustainable SC function of agricultural production. The results show that the BD application dimension, information sharing dimension, and all sub-dimensions have is beneficial to the function of the agricultural sustainable SC. The application of multidimensional cloud technology in BD has no obvious relationship with the dimensionality and level of information sharing, and the relationship between other corresponding dimensions shows a significant positive impact. A referenceable method is provided for the practice of sustainable SC management of agricultural production.
MAXIMAL EXERCISE CAPACITY IS INVERSELY RELATED TO INCIDENT PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Ehrman Jonathan K. , Keteyian Steven J. , Aronow Herbert D. , Ahsan Syed T. , Blaha Michael J. , Al-Mallah Mouaz H. , Brawner Clinton A.
Published: February 2024

https://youtu.be/wLtxZn3XafA

BACKGROUND

Maximal exercise capacity (EC) is a strong, independent predictor of incident coronary and cerebrovascular disease. However, less is known about the relationship between EC and incident peripheral artery disease (PAD). Using data from the Henry Ford Exercise Testing (FIT) Project, we evaluated the relationship between EC and incident PAD. We hypothesized that EC, measured in metabolic equivalents of task (METs), is inversely related to incident PAD.

METHODS

We assessed 41,268 patients (age = 55±12 yrs, 49% female, and 64% white) who completed a clinically indicated exercise stress test between January 1991 and June 2009 at a Henry Ford Health facility. Patients with established PAD at the time of testing were excluded. METs were estimated from peak treadmill speed and grade and standardized to the equivalent of a 50-year-old male to account for differences in absolute risk for a given MET level by age and sex. METs were categorized as <6, 6-9, 10-11, and >12. ICD9 codes 440.XX and 443.9 were used to identify first incidence of PAD from the test date through June 2010. Multivariable Cox regression was used to relate METs to incident PAD. Patients were censored at the date of death or last clinic visit.

RESULTS

During a median follow-up of 7.1 years (IQR 4.2-11.1 yrs) there were 2,596 (6%) incident diagnoses of PAD. In the adjusted analysis, each 1 MET increase in maximal EC was associated with a 7% lower risk of PAD (aHR=0.93 [0.91, 0.94]). There was a graded, inverse risk of incident PAD by MET category (see Table). A significant interaction was noted for race (overall p=.04; white [HR=0.93 (0.92, 0.95)] vs black [HR=0.91 (0.88, 0.93)], p=.02; white vs other [HR=0.97 (0.87, 1.07)], p=0.47), but not for sex (p=.79).

CONCLUSION

In a diverse cohort that completed a clinically indicated exercise stress test, higher EC measured in METs, is independently and inversely associated with a lower risk of incident PAD.
CLINICIAN-LEADERS IN CARDIAC REHABILITATION: CLINICAL EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGISTS
Authors: Richardson Laura A. , Berry Robert , Harding Aaron W. , Nustad Jill , Ozemek Cemal , Savage Patrick D. , Walker Ash , Brawner Clinton A.
Published: February 2024

https://youtu.be/5aocJv-Xyk0

BACKGROUND

Clinical exercise physiologists (CEP) are members of the multidisciplinary team in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). CEPs undertake multiple roles, including individualizing patient care to help restore or improve daily functioning in patients with heart disease. CEPs are equipped with a wide range of knowledge and skills for successful patient care and also have the skillset to propel career development to serve in leadership roles. The Million Hearts Cardiac Rehabilitation Collaborative (CRC) is working to achieve the goal of increasing enrollment to 70% CR participation in eligible patients. However, given the critical healthcare staffing shortage, the workforce poses a unique challenge to adequately staff clinics to improve access to CR, especially in historically marginalized rural and urban communities. PURPOSE: Describe the prevalence of CR programs that are solely staffed by CEPs and the job tasks they perform in the United States.

METHODS

CR program managers in the United States were sent an email invitation to participate in an electronic survey from the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Depending on the participant’s responses, the final survey could be as few as 11 and up to 44 required multiple choice questions.

RESULTS

Among 297 CR programs that responded to the survey, 86% (n= 256) stated they staff a CEP and 12% (n= 30) stated their program is run entirely by CEPs. Among the programs run entirely by CEPs, the minimum degree for CEP staff was a bachelor’s in 93% (n= 28) and a master’s in 7% (n= 2). The ACSM clinical exercise physiology credential was preferred or required in 73% (n= 22) of programs. Job tasks performed by CEPs in these CR programs were provided patient education (100%), monitored ECG during exercise (100%), assessed patient symptoms (100%), screened patients entering CR (100%), measured blood pressure via auscultation (97%), measured blood glucose (97%), and administered supplemental oxygen (93%). CEPs can hold a leadership position in 83% (n= 25) of these institutions.

CONCLUSIONS

Leveraging the CEP practice patterns to serve as CR clinical leaders permits other health care professionals, such as nurses, to be used in other areas of health care. Although no formal framework exists on the educational preparation for a CEP career ladder, findings suggest that CEPs are competent to run and oversee CR programs. Innovative strategies to improve referral, enrollment, and retention of patients with heart disease into CR will require increases in CR capacity which can be filled by CEPs.
TOWARDS GROWTH-FOCUSED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: QUALITATIVE EVALUATION OF A BETTER FUTURE
Authors: Slavin Maggie
Published: February 2024

https://youtu.be/3xvOOk9vfEQ

BACKGROUND

Physical activity promotion has traditionally centered on weight loss, contributing to harmful practices and missed opportunities to do good. This study emphasizes the multifaceted benefits of physical activity beyond weight loss. The objective is to provide evidence for a growth-focused approach that will hopefully encourage more successful referral networks between clinical practice and health fitness professionals.

METHODS

Qualitative data were gathered through questionnaires from participants in 1:1 personal training and fitness classes. Questions included intended goals of participation, what they were able to accomplish, what aspects were most enjoyable and provided the greatest benefit, what may have exceeded their expectations, a single word to describe the experience, feedback about the instructor, and what they would tell someone who is considering participation.

RESULTS

Qualitative findings revealed that participants responded positively to the growth-focused approach, expressing increased enjoyment and adherence to sustain physical activities. Social connections formed during group activities emerged as significant contributors to sustained engagement, along with the instructor’s support and structure throughout the process. Data showed improvements in overall mental well-being, reductions in stress levels, increased fitness knowledge, self-efficacy, adherence, strength, conditioning, and mobility.

CONCLUSIONS

This study advocates for a shift in physical activity promotion, moving away from a weight-centric model towards a growth-focused approach. The positive reception and sustained engagement observed among participants suggest that emphasizing well-being, mental health, social connections, and overall growth can be effective in encouraging regular physical activity. This approach has the potential to contribute to a more positive and sustainable health and fitness culture. Future interventions and public health campaigns should encourage continued collaboration between clinical practice and health fitness professionals.
EFFECTS OF CARDIO VS. CARDIO AND RESISTANCE TRAINING IN PEOPLE WITH OBESITY
Authors: Parker Emily J. , Riely Korie M. , Ellingson Sydney , Modglin Cali J. , Lang Henry
Published: February 2024

https://youtu.be/oKAwffZN59k

BACKGROUND

Current ACSM guidelines for people with obesity suggest cardiovascular training of up to 300 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week with little focus on resistance training. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of 10-weeks of cardiovascular only (CO) vs. cardiovascular and resistance training (CRT) on metabolic health and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among people with obesity.

METHODS

Four male and 14 female participants with a BMI of 30 to 40 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to either CO (9) or CRT (9) groups. Participants were verbally administered the CDC HRQOL-14 and completed other assessments, including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood glucose, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), resting energy expenditure, and body fat percentage before beginning and after completing the exercise program. Both groups exercised for 1 hour, 4 days a week, for 10 weeks. CO completed 225 minutes of moderate-intensity cardio for weeks 1-2 and progressed to 177 minutes of moderate and 48 minutes of vigorous-intensity cardio for weeks 3-10. CRT completed 150 minutes of moderate-intensity cardio training and 1 hour of RT for the first two weeks and progressed to 48 minutes of moderate and 48 minutes of vigorous-intensity cardio along with 130 minutes of RT for weeks 3-10. Paired samples t-tests were used to compare pre-and post-intervention variables within groups. One-way ANOVAs were used to compare groups at baseline and the change from pre- to post-intervention for each variable between groups.

RESULTS

Of the 18 participants, 100% completed the study. There were no significant differences between groups at baseline. The CRT group had a significant reduction from baseline to post-intervention for SBP (-8.8±10.6mmHg, p<.05) and a significant increase for log adjusted 5-RM (0.7±0.01kg, p<.001). BMI (x̄= −0.8±1.0, p=.060), body weight (x̄= −5.7±7.7, p=.057), and %BF (x̄= −1.8±2.5, p=.059) decreased in the CRT group trending towards significance. The CO group had significant reductions from baseline to post−intervention in DBP (−7.3±7.6mmHg, p<.05), bodyweight (−7.4±5.3lbs, p<.05), BMI (−1.2±0.9 kg/m2, p<.05) and body fat percentage (−2.8±2.5%, p<.05). The only significant difference in change variables between groups was log-adjusted 5-RM (p<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Ten weeks of CO or CRT improve markers of metabolic health. Combing cardiovascular and resistance training may improve SBP and muscle strength to a greater extent than cardiovascular training alone, while cardiovascular training may have a greater impact on body weight and body fat percentage.
INTERNATIONAL CRITERIA EKG COMPARISON STUDY
Authors: Cosio-Lima Ludmila , Lee Lincheng , Mahmoudian Armaghan , Adlof Lauren , Lee Youngil
Published: February 2024

https://youtu.be/4jm0uzAQNm8

BACKGROUND

There has been an evolution of athlete specific Electrocardiogram (EKG) criteria over the years, resulting in improved specificity and lower false positive rates, starting with the European Society of Cardiology 2005 guidelines and most recently with the current 2017 International Recommendations. The consistency of EKG interpretation with the 2017 International Criteria have been compared between various groups, including local and specialized center physicians. Whether novice EKG interpreters (undergraduate/graduate students) can be taught to accurately interpret athletes’ EKGs with the 2017 International Criteria has not been extensively studied. This study seeks to assess the accuracy and variability of novice EKG interpreters, compared to cardiologist interpretations and expert readers.

METHODS

Three novice EKG interpreters (undergraduate exercise science students) were trained in interpreting EKGs of athletes with the 2017 International Criteria during one semester under the instruction of an expert reader. During an annual high school, sports screening day 1350 EKGs were collected and assigned a corresponding number. The on-site cardiologists evaluated the EKGs in real-time and classified as “normal” or “abnormal” according to the International Criteria. Following the sports physical day, three novice EKG interpreters (students), a cardiologist and a Clinical Exercise Physiology Professor (expert reader) were asked separately to classify the same EKGs as “normal or “abnormal” according to the International Criteria. All readers were blinded to the initial classifications made by the cardiologist during the sports physical event. Information regarding the athlete's age, gender, race/ethnicity, and sport was provided on the EKGs. We assessed the agreement between the cardiologist, expert reader and students in interpreting EKGs using Fleiss' kappa analysis.

RESULTS

1350 athlete EKGs (males = 879; females = 471, age (mean + SD) 15.09 + 1.3y) including 37 (2.7%) abnormal cases were reviewed. The inter-rater agreement between novice readers, expert reader, and physicians in classifying an EKG as abnormal was good (k = 0.7, p < .001).

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrated that novice EKG readers could correctly classify EKGs based on the International Criteria as “normal and abnormal” to identify athletes at high risk of acute cardiovascular events
A POTENTIAL PARAMETER FOR ASSESSMENT OF EXERCISE CAPACITY IN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: Aktan Ridvan , Can Tertemiz Kemal , Yiğit Salih , Özalevli Sevgi , Alpaydin Aylin Özgen , Uçan Eyüp Sabri
Published: February 2024

https://youtu.be/_jIKpatUoGA

BACKGROUND

A 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) is widely used to assess functional exercise capacity in patients with cardiac or pulmonary disease and is known to hold strong prognostic utility. However, previous studies have shown that bodyweight negatively affects the predictive accuracy of the 6MWD. 6-minute walk work (6MWORK = 6MWD X bodyweight) has been shown to be more strongly associated with clinical markers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), however, this has not been investigated in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study aims to determine whether 6MWORK has a stronger correlation with clinical parameters compared to 6MWD in male patients with IPF.

METHODS

Clinical data was retrospectively analyzed from 22 male patients with IPF. Linear correlations between lung function, 6MWORK and 6MWD were performed.

RESULTS

There was a positive correlation between 6MWD and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (r=0.488, p=0.021), while a strong positive correlation existed between 6MWORK and FEV1 (r=0.558, p=0.007). There was also a strong positive correlation between 6MWORK and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio (r=0.564, p=0.006), while there was no correlation between 6MWD and FEV1/FVC (r=0.320, p=0.146). Moreover, when performing a linear regression analysis, the FEV1 (β=0.411, p<0.033) and FEV1/FVC (β=0.420, p<0.030) were significant unique contributors to 6MWORK. The model was statistically significant check(R-square=0.47, F(2, 19)=8.31, p<0.003).

CONCLUSION

6MWORK appears to be more closely associated with clinical parameters in male patients with IPF compared to 6MWD. 6MWORK may better characterize the clinical status of patients with IPF. Further study is needed to investigate the ability of 6MWORK to predict clinical endpoints.
EFFECTS OF A SINGLE EVENING VINYASA YOGA SESSION ON SLEEP IN ADULTS WITH INSOMNIA SYMPTOMS
Authors: Cheruka Caitlin A. , Sherman Sally A. , Quinn Tyler D. , Giordano Elizabeth G. , Lebegern Sophie M. , Lehrer H. Matthew , Buysse Daniel J. , Davis Kelliann K. , Kline Christopher E.
Published: February 2024

https://youtu.be/1I7CENnICb4

BACKGROUND

Vinyasa yoga (VY), a form of yoga that links breath with movement and has higher energy expenditure perhaps than most other types of yoga, has been sparsely studied for its effects on sleep among adults with insomnia. It remains unknown whether and how an acute bout of VY performed in the evening impacts sleep and autonomic function. The purpose of this study it to examine the effects of an acute session of VY performed in the evening on sleep and nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) in adults with insomnia symptoms.

METHODS

33 insufficiently active adults (84.8% female; 78.8% White; age=34.9±10.6 y; body mass index=28.9 kg/m2) with at least mild insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index ≥ 10) were randomized to either a single 60-min session of VY (n=17) or a quiet rest control condition (CON: n=16) occurring between 15:00 and 20:00 h. VY followed a pre-recorded practice and CON watched a nature documentary. On one night before and after the experimental session, participants wore a wrist accelerometer and a chest heart rate (HR) monitor overnight and completed a sleep diary. HRV was derived from the entire HR recording across the nocturnal period and standardized for sleep duration, with root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) as the primary outcome. Analyses compared the changes from pre- to post-session between groups using linear mixed models and Cohen’s d effect sizes.

RESULTS

The change in actigraphy-assessed sleep efficiency (SE) and total sleep time (TST) did not differ from pre- to post-session for VY (SE: 88.9±1.4 to 88.9±1.5%; TST: 454.7±15.8 to 445.8±17.4 min) or CON (SE: 89.4±1.4 to 88.7±1.6%; TST: 401.3±16.3 vs. 407.3±17.3 min); group x time interactions were not statistically significant (each p > 0.48). The change in nocturnal RMSSD did not differ from pre- to post-session for either VY (39.5±6.8 to 38.7±6.0 ms) or CON (37.6±7.0 to 35.8±6.2 ms) and the group x time interaction was not statistically significant (p=0.94).

CONCLUSION

An acute bout of VY performed in the early evening did not significantly change accelerometer- or diary-assessed sleep or impact parasympathetic tone during sleep. VY in the early evening is unlikely to benefit or impair sleep in adults with insomnia symptoms.
Performance rather than Reputation Affects Humans’ Trust towards an Artificial Agent
Authors: Becker Fritz , Spannagl Celine , Buder Jürgen , Huff Markus
Published: February 2024

To succeed in teamwork with artificial agents, humans have to calibrate their trust to-wards agents based on information they receive about an agent before interaction (reputation information) as well as on experiences they have during interaction (agent performance). This study (N = 253) focuses on the influence of a virtual agent’s reputation (high/low) and actual observed performance (high/low) on a human user’s behavioral trust (delegation behavior) and self-reported trust (questionnaires) in a cooperative Tetris game. The main findings suggest that agent reputation influences self-reported trust prior to interaction. However, the effect of reputation immediately gets overridden by performance of the agent during the interaction. The agent’s performance during the interactive task influenced delegation behavior as well as self-reported trust measured post-interaction. Pre- to post-change in self-reported trust is significantly larger when reputation and performance are incongruent. We conclude that reputation might have a smaller than expected influence on behavior in the presence of a novel tool that affords exploration. Our research contributes to understanding trust and delegation dynamics, which is crucial for the design and adequate use of artificial agent team partners in a world of digital transformation.
Urzędnicy miasta Będzina od XIV do XXI wieku
Authors: Nabiałek Karol
Published: February 2024

The subject of the study is the officials of the city of Będzin from the earliest times (i.e. from the 14th century) to the present. The main part is a compilation of lists of persons holding official positions in the institutions of the municipal government. The work includes biographies of selected individuals holding municipal offices in the period from the Middle Ages to the outbreak of World War II. The selection is not discretionary, but determined by the surviving sources and the possibility of using them to outline the biography. The two opening chapters provide an overview of Będzin's history and the history of its political system and municipal government from the founding of the city to the present day.
Perspektive koncepta metaverzuma i stajališta javnosti o njemu
Authors: Haramija Predrag , Njavro Mato , Aleksić Maslać Karmela
Published: February 2024

U radu se istražuju perspektive koncepta metaverzuma, tj. nove 3D mreže temeljene na tehnologijama produžene stvarnosti u svjetlu njegove percepcije u javnosti. Rezultati dosadašnjih istraživanja stajališta javnosti, a i vlastitoga istraživanja, ukazuju na to da je razina zabrinutosti za moguće negativne posljedice metaverzuma znatno viša od interesa za njegovo korištenje. To znači da do uspjeha metaverzuma na tržištu ne može doći dok se ne zadovolji ne samo niz tehničkih, nego i etičkih preduvjeta. Potrebno je jasno utvrditi društvene posljedice te razviti jasan skup etičkih načela te zakona i propisa o odnosu u virtualnim svjetovima.
(Post)sekularni politički poredak i važnost vrlina
Authors: Špehar Hrvoje
Published: February 2024

U radu je prikazano istraživanje promjene uloge vrijednosti u suvremenom političkom poretku, obilježenom procesima stvaranja novih identitetâ i pluralnoga društva, kao i procesa “izlaska iz religije” kako ga opisuje Marcel Gauchet. Osobit je naglasak na tom kako je politički i pravni poredak oslonjen na predpolitičke vrijednosti koje je oblikovala zapadna pravna i politička tradicija, a između kojih je ovdje analizirana osobna sloboda, ideja solidarnosti i ideja služenja javnomu dobru. Unatoč razvoju (post)sekularnoga političkoga poretka, za politički i pravni sustav ostaje odlučujuća normativna utemeljenost na navedenim vrijednostima, te je uloga kršćanstva, koje je tijekom povijesnih institucionalizacija oblikovalo preduvjete zapadnoga pravnoga i političkoga poretka, osobito relevantna.
Towards Detecting Influential Members and Critical Topics from Dark Web Forums
Authors: Ali Faris , Basheer Randa , Kawas Mouhamad , Alkhatib Bassel
Published: February 2024

Conventionally, the Internet consists of three parts: Surface, Deep, and Dark Webs. Inthe last two decades, a massive increase in illicit activities took place on the differentplatforms of the Dark Web. Moreover, social networks on Dark Web implicateextremism dissemination on a wide scale. In this paper, we propose an approach togenerate textual patterns from discussions on Dark Web terrorist forums employingData Mining techniques. The discovered patterns help identify the influential membersand extract critical topics. We describe our system modules that perform datapreprocessing, text preprocessing with TF-IDF weighting, outlier detection, clusteringevaluation, clustering, and clustering validation, implemented with the RapidMinertool. We apply K-Means as the Clustering method with different distance metrics,evaluate the clustering process using Elbow and Silhouette methods, and validate itusing Davies-Bouldin Index. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of altering thedistance metrics for outlier detection on the Clustering results.
The Influence of Digital Maturity, Competitive Priorities and Decision-making Styles on the Acceptance of Digital Technologies in Micro and Small Organizations
Authors: Dobrinić Dunja , Vrček Neven
Published: February 2024

The subject of this research is to determine the level of digital technology acceptancein micro and small organizations. There is a lack of research in the existing literaturethat would move away from existing models and theories and explain the reasons fordigital technology acceptance by micro and small organizations. It was noticed thatresearch on the intention to accept digital technologies in micro and small organizationsneeds to focus on moderating factors, the influence of which has been neglected inexisting research.For this reason, a model for digital technology acceptance by micro and smallorganizations was created, which explored the effect of moderating factors andencompassed the key characteristics of micro and small organizations. The effect ofperceived financial risk, perceived security risk, perceived loss of time, perceivedgovernment pressure, and the level of knowledge of decision-makers on the intentionto accept digital technologies are examined. As well the relationship between externalpressure (market participants' pressure and crisis circumstances) and the level ofknowledge of decision-makers in organizations was explored.The focus of the research is to explore the moderating effect of the organization's digitalmaturity and competitive priorities on the relationship of factors (perceived securityrisk, perceived loss of time, perceived government pressure) and intent to accept digitaltechnologies. The moderating effect of the decision-makers decision-making style onthe relationship between external pressure (market participants' pressure and crisiscircumstances) and the level of knowledge of decision-makers are explored as well.
Forms and conversions of the economic capital of Croatian entrepreneurs in the computer programming industry with insights into variations of the company's development stages
Authors: Šmaguc Tamara , Vuković Ksenija
Published: February 2024

The paper examines traditional knowledge about the role of financial and physicalresources in entrepreneurship. Based on Bourdieu's theory, we search for an answer tothe question of which forms of economic capital are used by Croatian entrepreneurs inthe computer programming industry and what their value in the context of accessingother forms of capital is. The study is based on a qualitative methodological approach.In-depth interview technique accompanied by unstructured observations was used indata collection. In addition to primary data, research includes the use of qualitative andquantitative secondary data. Research suggests that in the computer programmingindustry, economic capital is just one tool in the conversion game of entrepreneurialcapital. Moreover, the interviewed entrepreneurs attach the least importance to it inbusiness, favoring the value of intangible resources such as specialized knowledge,business connections and personal acquaintances. The company's start-up phase ischaracterized by the entrepreneur's reliance on personal savings, which is replaced byfinancing based on retained earnings in the later stages of business. Other forms ofgrowth financing, such as bank loans and recapitalization of external investors, are usedby a minority of larger companies, with a good base of symbolic capital. The results oncapital conversions indicate relatively easy conversion of economic capital into culturalcapital and symbolic capital, and less frequent use of economic capital to create socialcapital. Fresh insights into the entrepreneurs' perceptions provided by the study expandexisting knowledge about entrepreneurship within the computer programming industry,suggesting that it is an industry with huge potential for young talents without a personalfinancial base that is commonly considered a precondition for enteringentrepreneurship.
EMPODERAMENTO FEMININO E EMPREENDEDORISMO
Authors: De Oliveira Nascimento Paulo
Published: February 2024

A oferta de formação profissional para jovens e adultos constitui-se num desafio bastante (re)conhecido por parte das educadoras e educadores no Brasil. Dentre as principais características desse público-alvo destaca-se o fato de que são pessoas que estão e/ou estiveram afastadas do ambiente escolar, o que acaba por ocasionar altos índices de evasão dos cursos. Quando tratamos de cursos ofertados especificamente para mulheres, os desafios são ainda maiores, tendo em vista as condições de (r)existência dessas sujeitas, que além de serem mães, donas de casa e/ou trabalhadoras, precisam desempenhar o papel de estudantes. Objetivamos, neste texto, apresentar algumas reflexões acerca do percurso formativo de mulheres empreendedoras no curso de formação profissional ofertado no IFAM/Campus Avançado Iranduba, a partir das observações durante a realização do mesmo. Tal empreendimento nos permitiu vislumbrar os limites e possibilidades de atuação da oferta de cursos dessa natureza, a partir das vivências e experiências das mulheres cursistas.
ECO IFAM COARI – TROQUE SEU ÓLEO USADO POR SABÃO ECOLÓGICO
Authors: Faleiros da Silva Maia Angelica , Oliveira Campos Willison Eduardo , Dos Santos Gomes Milena
Published: February 2024

A disposição de óleo nos solos ou na rede de esgoto pode acarretar diferentes efeitos deletérios para o meio ambiente como: aumento do efeito estufa, comprometimento da tubulação das residências e das cidades e até mesmo prejudicar a fauna e flora aquática em razão do impedimento da passagem de luz para este meio. Uma forma de evitar estes problemas é transformando o óleo em sabão. A cidade de Coari não possui coleta seletiva e descarte correto de resíduos e, com isso, os estabelecimentos que trabalham com fritura praticam o descarte incorreto diretamente nas pias de seus estabelecimentos. Após conversas com os donos dos estabelecimentos, os óleos usados foram coletados, armazenados e, através do método de produção de sabão do e-cycle, foi realizado as reações de saponificação usando soda cáustica realizadas no laboratório de química e biologia do IFAM campus Coari. Na produção do sabão, foram utilizados baldes plásticos, colheres de madeira e as devidas EPI’s. Foram utilizados também: 1 kg de óleo usado para 137g de NaOH soda cáustica (hidróxido de sódio) dissolvido em 136 mL de H2O (água), sendo adicionado aos poucos sob agitação constante por aproximadamente 40 minutos até formar uma massa espessa. Em seguida, foram adicionadas as essências e o tensoativo laurel para garantir a formação de espuma, mantendo a agitação constante com a colher de madeira por mais 5 minutos. Após esse processo, a massa de sabão foi transferida para os moldes de plásticos para passarem pelo processo de cura por 20 dias em local fresco e arejado até que ficassem sólidos.
COLEÇÃO DE PEIXES COMO FERRAMENTA DE DIVULGAÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE AMAZÔNICA
Authors: Darski-Silva Bianca , Teófilo de Abreu Fernando Henrique , Correia Carvalho Priscilla , Pucci Hercos Alexandre
Published: February 2024

Apresentamos neste trabalho um relato de experiência no contexto da 1ª Oficina de Coleções Biológicas, um evento de popularização da ciência realizado pelo Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Instituto Federal do Amazonas e Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. A proposta central deste evento foi promover a divulgação do conhecimento científico e apresentar para a comunidade escolar a diversidade de espécies de peixes da região amazônica, bem como a importância das coleções científicas no desenvolvimento de pesquisas e práticas de ensino. A programação do evento contou com o envolvimento direto de professores na produção de novas estratégias para o ensino de ciências, bem como a ampliação do conhecimento destes profissionais, aproximando instituições de pesquisa e de ensino. A oficina foi realizada em novembro de 2022, em Tefé, Amazonas. Realizamos dois minicursos para estudantes sobre a diversidade de peixes amazônicos e a importância de coleções biológicas. Uma coleção biológica didática de peixes foi doada pelo Instituto Mamirauá para o Instituto Federal do Amazonas para utilização de professores e estudantes. Esta coleção contém indivíduos de 57 espécies de peixes amazônicos, distribuídas 39 famílias e 12 ordens, além de um manual de uso. A avaliação dos participantes sobre a oficina foi positiva, tanto para pesquisadores, quanto para professores e estudantes. Este tipo de evento pode ser replicado para diversos grupos taxonômicos e tem o potencial de ampliar o conteúdo escolar com foco na região amazônica, além de reforçar a importância de manter coleções científicas e didáticas íntegras, acessíveis e conectadas à sociedade.
Participación política de las mujeres y acceso a la representación: El voto preferente en las elecciones de Paraguay
Authors: Tula María Inés
Published: February 2024

Este trabajo analiza la participación política de las mujeres en Paraguay y sus posibilidades de acceso a la representación bajo el cambio de reglas electorales sancionado en 2019 por el cual se incorpora el sistema de voto preferente o de desbloqueo de lista. En esta dirección se propone describir los comicios municipales de 2021 y las elecciones generales nacionales de 2023, en ambos casos los primeros comicios con voto preferente para cada una de las categorías mencionadas. Los datos aquí presentados son producto de un arduo y laborioso proceso de búsqueda, clasificación y sistematización de información de las elecciones mencionadas. Dado el gran volumen de información, se organizó una base de datos con selección de variables y categorías relevantes para este estudio que cruzaron datos de elecciones internas —para cuando se tenía la información— con la elección municipal, de modo de poder analizar el apoyo electoral recibido por los las/los precandidatos/as y candidatos/as y sus posicionamientos en las listas según el voto preferente recibido. Se espera que este material consignado pueda ser útil para futuras investigaciones, como también, para comprender como funciona e impacta el voto preferente en distintas categorías según los niveles de competencia inter e intrapartidario con atención a la variable sexo.
‘Passions’ Around the Second Fryderyk Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw (1932)
Authors: Semakina T.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to Polish-Soviet cultural contacts in the interwar period. Author examines the preparation and holding of the II Frederic Chopin Piano Competition in the context of the development of Soviet cultural diplomacy. The article touches upon such issues as the role of VOKS in establishing cultural ties, the importance of the competition for the foreign policy of the USSR. The author pays great attention to the participation of Soviet representatives in the organization of the competition and their attitude to this event. The article is based on archival documents, the main sources were the reports of Soviet representatives and their correspondence. The author comes to the conclusion that the political aspect of the second Chopin competition was one of the most important for the Soviet side. The Soviet leadership, as the author of the article shows, gradually realized the importance of soft power to create a positive image of the USSR in the international arena.
Labor theory of the origin of the language: Friedrich Engels, Ludwig Noiré, Nikolai Marr
Authors: Nikandrov Alexey V.
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of three conceptions of glottogenesis, which are combined into one direction, that is the theory of the labor origin of the language. The purpose of the author is to prove the relevance of this theory for modern science. The concept of Friedrich Engels on the role of labor in the process of anthropogenesis and the tool conception of the origin of the language of Ludwig Noiré were developed around the same time, however, if the first became widely known much later, then the second remained little known. These two versions of the principle of the labor origin of the language had a strong influence on the formation of “New doctrine of language” of Nikolai Marr. An important part of this conception was the complex and controversial concept of the origin of the language. It was based on the hypothesis of the era of manual language and on the hypothesis of the decisive role of tools in the formation of sound language and logical thinking. The main drawback of the conception of Nikolai Marr was its inconsistency due to the fact that the scientist, without any evidence, introduced into his theory the principles of “labor-magic activity” and the four primary elements of language (SAL, BER, JON, ROŠ). According to the author of the article, all three conceptions, taken both separately and together, in their unity have not lost interest and relevance not only for modern linguistics, but also for socio-political science in general.
“Clavdophora”: Prishvin and Two Platonovs
Authors: Varlamov Alexey
Published: February 2024

. Mikhail Prishvin and Andrei Platonov are usually discussed as like-minded writers, proponents of Russian “cosmism”; however, during their lifetime, there existed a complex relationship between the two writers, and polemics arose between them more than once. Their debate was not limited to the literary plane; it expanded to include issues of environmental management and public good. Thus, Platonov very critically assessed Prishvin’s novella “Zhuravlinaya rodina” (“The Crane Homeland”) both as a writer and as a knowledgeable landscape ecologist. Yet another irritating coincidence, which added fuel to the annoyance, was the fact that Andrei Platonov’s literary “twin” – Alexey Platonov – happened to contribute his novella “Makar – karaiuschaya ruka” (“Makar-the-Punishing-Hand”) to the very same issue of the “Novy Mir” journal that contained “The Crane Homeland”. The present article examines in detail the hidden, but at the same time very cutting remarks by Andrei Platonov aimed against Prishvin and the literary group “Pass” – the remarks, which found their way into the posthumously published preface to his chronicle “Vprok” (“For the future”). The article ventures to account for such a stance.
Dynamics of Narrative Motives in Dostoevsky’s and Mamleev’s Novels
Authors: Bogdanova Olga
Published: February 2024

The article traces the intertextual recoding of the iconic motifs of F.M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment” (1866) in two conceptual novels by Yu.V. Mamleev “Wings of Horror” (1993) and “Wandering Time” (2000). In the process of analysis, the plot-forming role of the motive of voluptuousness in the works of Dostoevsky and Mamleev is revealed and its antinomic mystical-metaphysical modification is emphasized, as well as the semiotics of this motive in the ideological and compositional whole of these novels are compared. It is established that in “Wandering Time” the ideological murderers Raskolnikov and Poseev are divorced and converge through double recoding, the logic of which is due to the difference in the artistic and metaphysical views of both writers. The dynamics of such end-to-end images-symbols as “louse”, old woman (old man), “axe” is also studied in a comparative way. As a result, in comparison with previous studies, the framework of the “Dostoevsky code” in the novelistics of the founder of “metaphysical realism” is expanded and a number of its components gets comprehension. It becomes obvious that the reception of Dostoevsky by Mamleev consciously uses a segment of the language of Russian culture, of which Dostoevsky’s motives, images, symbols and concepts, as well as the meta-text that has arisen around them, to produce new meanings relevant, according to the writer of the turn of the 20th–21st centuries, spiritual and aesthetic trends of our modernity. The relevance of the article lies in the expansion of the analysis of Dostoevsky’s reception in the literature of the turn of the 20th–21st centuries. Scholarly novelty lies in the priority attraction of new material (Mamleev’s novelistics) and the hypothesis about the antinomic character of the motif of mystical voluptuousness. The conclusions of the article are obtained taking into account the scholarly context on the issues under study and call for further discussion.
Common-Root Words: Between Synonymy and Paronymy
Authors: Yakunina Daria V.
Published: February 2024

The article discusses the relationship between the concepts of synonymy and paronymy, as well as the functioning in the language of prefixal verbal paronyms. The definition of paronyms as common-rooted words with different affixes, which are regularly misused in speech as synonyms, is clarified. Some verbs on the synchronic level may be considered as synonyms or as paronyms, depending on the focus of the speaker’s or listener’s attention. As for the diachronic aspect of language study, there are processes of synonymization of common-root prefixal verbs, associated mainly with hypo-hyperonymic relations between lexical units. The possibility of synonymous use of common-root words is determined by the proximity of prefixes’ meanings, neutralization of the context and the norm’s inattention to changes in usage. The norm can either leave unnoticed the appearance of a new way of expressing linguistic meaning, or mark the changes in dictionaries, fixing the word as a synonym. Sometimes it can also insist on the preservation of paronymic distinctions even when there are already no such distinctions in usage. Thus, the paronyms remain the common-rooted words, which, mixing in speech usage, draw the norm’s attention to themselves.
“The Fall of Paris” as “the End of Modernism”: Eschatology, War and Ilya Ehrenbourg in a Succession of Cultural Mirrors
Authors: Polonskiy Vadim
Published: February 2024

The article analyzes Ilya Ehrenbourg’s novel “The Fall of Paris&8j1; (1942) against the background of synchronic and diachronic cultural contexts. The author pays special attention to the mythologization of Paris from the middle of the 19th century and to the ideological consequences of the country’s defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. The work reconstructs the system of Ehrenbourg’s “eschatological journalism&8j1; during the First World War and shows the connection of the writer’s novel with the cultural background of France “between two wars&8j1;. The novelist’s polemical dialogue with Jean Giraudoux on the Franco-German value-cultural collisions is demonstrated. It is concluded that for Ehrenbourg, as for a number of his Western brethren and recent researchers, the fall of Paris in 1940 was a sign of the end of the entire traditional West of Modern Times, and more specifically, the era of Modernism.