bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment of a prognostic risk prediction modelfor non-small cell lung cancer patients with brainmetastases: a retrospective study
Authors: Hou Fei , Hou Yan , Sun Xiao-Dan , lv Jia , Jiang Hong-Mei , Zhang Meng , Liu Chao , Deng Zhi-Yong
Published: July 2023

Background

Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who develop brain metastases (BM) have a poor prognosis. This study aimed to construct a clinical prediction model to determine the overall survival (OS) of NSCLC patients with BM.

Methods

A total of 300 NSCLC patients with BM at the Yunnan Cancer Centre were retrospectively analysed. The prediction model was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-Cox regression. The bootstrap sampling method was employed for internal validation. The performance of our prediction model was compared using recursive partitioning analysis (RPA), graded prognostic assessment (GPA), the update of the graded prognostic assessment for lung cancer using molecular markers (Lung-molGPA), the basic score for BM (BSBM), and tumour-lymph node-metastasis (TNM) staging.

Results

The prediction models comprising 15 predictors were constructed. The area under the curve (AUC) values for the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (curves) were 0.746 (0.678–0.814), 0.819 (0.761–0.877), and 0.865 (0.774–0.957), respectively. The bootstrap-corrected AUC values and Brier scores for the prediction model were 0.811 (0.638–0.950) and 0.123 (0.066-0.188), respectively. The time-dependent C-index indicated that our model exhibited significantly greater discrimination compared with RPA, GPA, Lung-molGPA, BSBM, and TNM staging. Similarly, the decision curve analysis demonstrated that our model displayed the widest range of thresholds and yielded the highest net benefit. Furthermore, the net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement analyses confirmed the enhanced predictive power of our prediction model. Finally, the risk subgroups identified by our prognostic model exhibited superior differentiation of patients’ OS.

Conclusion

The clinical prediction model constructed by us shows promise in predicting OS for NSCLC patients with BM. Its predictability is superior compared with RPA, GPA, Lung-molGPA, BSBM, and TNM staging.
Do Perceived Risk and Non-pharmaceutical Intervention Affect Consumers’ Intention to Visit Shopping Mall during the Covid-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Ajiputra Edit Suryo , Kugitama Barrakha , Lee Junhyuk , Hendriana Evelyn
Published: July 2023

Most research on mall visit intention emphasized the store atmosphere and shopping values. In the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers may postpone visiting shopping malls due to health risks. A limited number of studies consider risk perception as the antecedent of shopping mall visit intention. Furthermore, even though the role of non-pharmaceutical intervention is relevant to the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, only a few studies are looking at this variable as the antecedent of behavioral intention. This paper aims to understand customer intention to shop in malls despite the COVID-19 social restrictions. This research extends the theory of reasoned action by attaching two dimensions of perceived risk, namely cognitive and affective perceived risks and non-pharmaceutical intervention. Samples of 180 respondents in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia, were selected using snowball sampling. Their responses were analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling. The findings showed that attitude was the most potent influencing variable to mall visit intention. Moreover, this study found that cognitive perceived risk influences attitude, subjective norms, and non-pharmaceutical intervention, while affective perceived risk only influences non-pharmaceutical intervention.
Compliance Analysis of Indonesian Field Standard Classification (KBLI 10293) in the Freezing Shrimp Industry in Banjarmasin City
Authors: Ariyoga Budi , Sofia Leila Ariyani , Hidayat Achmad Syamsu
Published: July 2023

The current compliance condition of the Fish Processing Unit in the City of Banjarmasin was reviewed for 3 shrimp freezing companies based on the Indonesian Business Field Standard Classification standard (KBLI 10293). The aim of the study was to analyze the compliance level of the frozen shrimp industry in Banjarmasin City, South Kalimantan  compared with the Indonesian field standard classification (KBLI 10293). This research was conducted in three shrimp freezing industries in the City of Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, namely: PT. Kalimantan Fisheries, PT. Wirontono Baru and PT. Yubel Utama Seafood Indonesia (YUSI).  To answer the research objectives, the data analysis technique was used a percentage descriptive analysis whose assessment refers to the Marine Fisheries Government Number 6 of 2021, which is to systematically describe facts or characteristics of the field population specifically and factually from the data that has been collected. Descriptive analysis of percentages was carried out by measuring research variables using the Likert's scale for measuring data in the form of social or individual characteristics when conducting questions and answers in the field presented in the form of a questionnaire. The compliance level of the frozen shrimp industry in Banjarmasin City, South Kalimantan  based on the Likert't scale criteria. Also, the total compliance level of the frozen shrimp industry in Banjarmasin City, South Kalimantan was very obedient (83-86%) based on the KBLI, 10293 Compliance assessment criteria.
Investigating the Effect of Gamma-ray Burst on the Agricultural Soil Temperature
Authors: Aniezi J. N. , Obodo R. M. , Egbucha J. N. , Obike A. C.
Published: July 2023

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are immensely energetic explosions that have been observed in distant galaxies. This signatures from distant stars helps in carrying out spatial mapping of physical parameters related to soil properties, such as soil temperature. In investigating the effect of gamma-ray burst on the agricultural soil temperature, we used gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) data collected for some period of time to carry out some estimations. Linear regression analysis was carried out using the soil temperature  and the GRBs arrival time, . There is an exponential relationship between temperature and time as the soil is heated. This depicts an exponential curve that was fitted into a line; and the slope at any point on the line gives the rate of cooling,  which is a determining factor for the time it takes for the soil to adjust between its high and low temperature. The thermal flux which relates to soil temperature is expected to decay at late times. The cooling rate reflects the degree of fall of temperature with time; and the higher the cooling rate, the shorter the time it takes for the soil to readjust its temperature between the upper and the lower ranges of thermal states. Thus the role of gamma-ray bursts in the management of agro-ecosystem is now becoming a reality.
Soil Parameters of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) under Treatment with Inorganic Fertilizers and Vermicompost
Authors: Singh Amit Raj , Bharose Ram , Thomas Tarence , Toppo Neha , Tripathi Mudit
Published: July 2023

The objective of study to show the effect of inorganic fertilizers sources with vermicompost on soil parameters of carrot. For this experiment, a randomized block design was implemented, featuring three levels for both NPK (0%, 50% and 1OO%) and Vermicompost (0%, 50%, and ,1OO%). The treatments were replicated three times and allocated random of each replication. The result shows that significant in pore space (%), water holding capacity, organic carbon and available NPK in depth wise findings. Treatment T9 [NPK @ 100% + Vermicompost @ 100%] has shown best in all parameters of soil compared toT1 [(control) NPK @ 0% + Vermicompost @ 0%]. Application of NPK and Vermicompost increased growth, yield of carrot and improved also physical and chemical properties of soil.
An Economic Analysis of Production of Pearl Millet in Jaipur District of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Choudhary Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Sanjay
Published: July 2023

The present study entitled ‘An Economic Analysis of Production of Pearl Millet in Jaipur District of Rajasthan’ was carried out in 2022–2023 with a sample of 120 participants. The findings showed that Medium-sized farms had the highest percentage of respondents with a graduate degree, followed by Small(62.31%) and Marginal(42.75%) farms, and that Medium-sized(54.23%) farms had the highest percentage of illiterate people. In marginal size farms, the average area per hectare holding was 0.66 ha, in small size farms, it was 1.59 ha, and in medium size farms, it was 4.32 ha. The total cost of Pearl millet cultivation for marginal, small, and medium-sized farms was (Rs. 36010/ha),(Rs.35007/ha), and (Rs. 34223/ha), respectively. Medium-sized and small-sized farms saw excellent gross earnings per hectare (Rs51750/ha). The net returns per hectare obtained by small size farms were high (Rs. 50625/ha) as compared to marginal size farms (Rs. 49500/ha) and medium size farms (Rs. 13490/ha and Rs. 17525/ha), respectively. Compared to small and medium size farms (1:1.44 and 1:1.51), marginal size farms had the highest input-output ratio per hectare, and the marketable surplus for farmers in these three sizes was (6.73%, 21.73%, and 35.33%), correspondingly.
Use of Digital Health Technologies by Older US Adults
Authors: James Cornelius A. , Basu Tanima , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. , Kullgren Jeffery T.
Published: January 2025

This survey study estimated digital health technology (DHT) use and evaluated the factors associated with DHT use by US adults aged 50 to 80 years.
The Viability of the Refractory High‐Entropy Alloy AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr for High‐Temperature Structural Applications
Authors: Wise George J. , Church Nicole L. , Pang Hon Tong , Thompson Robert P. , Stone Howard J. , Jones Nicholas G.
Published: January 2025

There is significant motivation to produce new structural materials for high‐temperature service, so that enhanced efficiencies can be realized for next‐generation power and propulsion applications. High‐entropy alloys incorporating refractory elements have been shown to be a viable source of potential new materials for these applications. Despite this, significant work is required in order to evaluate the suitability of these materials for operation in extreme environments of temperature and mechanical load. Herein, AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr alloy is first reported on, for the first time providing an in situ determination of the B2 solvus, correlated to the changes in mechanical properties. In addition, a low‐temperature (800 °C) regime of catastrophic accelerated oxidation is identified, which is discussed in context of the potential future applications for this alloy. These results highlight significant limitations in AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr and related alloys, which make them unsuitable for commercial application in their current form.
In Situ Electrochemical Reconstruction of Terephthalate Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets for High‐Efficiency Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Cao Zhongnan , Cui Jiewu , Yu Dongbo , Zhang Xiaofei , Zhang Jingcheng , Hu Fei , Liu Jiaqin , Zhang Huilong , Peng Yuan , Wei Shiqiang , Song Li , Zhang Yong , Sun Shuhui , Wu Yucheng
Published: January 2025

The use of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as electrode materials in electrochemical energy storage is still limited to two options, except for a few electrochemically stable MOFs that can be directly used as electrodes. Most of the MOFs often serve as templates for preparing inorganic electrodes. This study demonstrates that terephthalate MOF nanosheet electrodes represent an alternative category for effective electrochemical Li+ storage through an in situ electrochemical reconstruction mechanism. Upon the initial lithiation/de‐lithiation cycles, the original MOF nanosheet assembly transitions to a distinctive plum pudding‐like structure with massive metal oxide nanocrystals embedded in a porous lithium terephthalate matrix, which can deliver a high capacity of 1582.4 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and maintain a reversible capacity of 502.6 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 2000 cycles. This study offers a valuable reference for designing MOF electrodes and advancing the applications of MOF materials in electrochemistry.
Observation of Large Low‐Field Magnetoresistance in Layered (NdNiO3)n:NdO Films at High Temperatures
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Yao Yufei , Li Ping , Ye Zhilu , Yang Minye , Zhou Zicong , Yang Guannan , Han Lin , Wang Zidong , Zhou Yan , Li Jingrui , Liu Haixia , Dong Guohua , Peng Bin , Li Qian , Guo Zhixin , Liu Ming
Published: January 2025

Large low‐field magnetoresistance (LFMR, < 1 T), related to the spin‐disorder scattering or spin‐polarized tunneling at boundaries of polycrystalline manganates, holds considerable promise for the development of low‐power and ultrafast magnetic devices. However, achieving significant LFMR typically necessitates extremely low temperatures due to diminishing spin polarization as temperature rises. To address this challenge, one strategy involves incorporating Ruddlesden–Popper structures (ABO3)n:AO, which are layered derivatives of perovskite structure capable of potentially inducing heightened magnetic fluctuations at higher temperatures. Here, a remarkable LFMR of up to 1.0×103% is obtained in the layered (NdNiO3)n:NdO films with a high and wide temperature range (190–240 K). This finding underlines that the layered (NdNiO3)n:NdO (n = 1) structure show a complex magnetic structure above TMI of perovskite NdNiO3, where small ferromagnetic domains are embedded in the antiferromagnetic domains, raising the tunneling barriers and magnetic fluctuations at high temperatures. Furthermore, applying a low magnetic field (<0.1 T) near TMI effectively mitigates the disruption of antiferromagnetic order structures at boundaries, then a higher temperature is required to break the inhibition of ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic phase transition. The results contribute significantly to the advancement of magnetic devices capable of achieving substantial LFMR at room temperature.
The Influence of the Supporting Substrate on Single‐Particle Circular Differential Scattering of DNA Assembled Nanorod Dimers
Authors: Chakraborty Amrita , Verma Ojasvi , Naidu Gopal Narmada , Dass Mihir , Jia Zhenyang , Landes Christy F. , Alabastri Alessandro , Nordlander Peter , Liedl Tim , Link Stephan
Published: January 2025

Single‐particle measurements of chiral nanostructures have the potential to offer more detailed insights compared to the ensemble‐averaged signals obtained in ensemble circular dichroism spectroscopy. For instance, single‐particle circular differential scattering (CDS) studies have revealed the effects of structural heterogeneity in chiral plasmonic nanostructures. However, differential light‐matter interactions of 3D chiral nanostructures caused by diverse orientations on the supporting substrate remain largely unexplored. Here, the CDS of DNA origami‐templated twisted gold nanorod (AuNR) dimers on a glass support is investigated. With the help of correlated scanning electron microscopy and electromagnetic simulations, it is demonstrated how the broad diversity of spectral lineshapes and signal intensities as well as sign of the CDS originates mainly from four different orientations of the chiral dimer once deposited from solution on the substrate and dried. Most surprisingly, it is found that even for the same enantiomer a sign reversal is possible depending solely on the dimer orientation when deposited on the support. These results are important for the correct interpretation of single‐particle chiroptical studies and furthermore provide valuable insights into the design of substrate‐supported chiral plasmonic metamaterials.
Miniaturized Soft Pneumatic Actuator Matrix with Multiplexing Control
Authors: Xu Jing , Nguyen Hugo , Jeong Seung Hee , Hjort Klas
Published: January 2025

Soft robotics has recently attracted increasing attention due to its inherent softness and compliance. However, to fully realize their potential, it often requires numerous soft components and actuators. One major challenge for a large‐scale system is integration and miniaturization. In addition, for pneumatically controlled actuators, multiplexing is essential to reduce the tubing from the control valves. A miniaturized soft pneumatic actuator matrix (SPAM) with multiplexing control of crossing points by only control signals was realized by embedding two layers of interactive channels () in a soft material (PDMS) to form actuators () by cumulating both strokes and forces at the channel crossings, unlike piston‐based serially coupled gas‐springs that yield constant force. A SPAM prototype of actuators with control signals was studied. A SPAM was demonstrated in a tilting matrix and two coupled SPAMs were used in a pneumatic soft conveyor for planar manipulation. Its simplicity and size allow for future large‐scale integration in soft robotics.
Pristimerin Promotes Ubiquitination of HSPA8 and Activates the VAV1/ERK Pathway to Suppress TNBC Proliferation
Authors: Liu Qin‐Wen , Fan Qi‐Ling , Chen Jia‐Ying , Liu Jing‐Xin , Li Yi , Luo Qian , Chen Yu‐Peng , Wu Hang‐Tian , Xu An‐Qi , Wang Sheng , Lu Ai‐Ping , Guan Dao‐Gang
Published: January 2025

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis. The natural compound pristimerin has shown promising anti‐tumor effect. Here, it is found that pristimerin significantly triggered the activation of autophagy initiation and induced apoptosis in TNBC. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing revealed that pristimerin activated mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracelluar regulated protein kinases (MAPK/ERK) pathway. Drug affinity responsive target stability and mass spectrometry techniques are employed to confirm the direct binding target of pristimerin. Heat shock protein family A member 8 (HSPA8) is identified and verified by cellular thermal shift assays and surface plasmon resonance assays. The further results suggested that pristimerin promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of HSPA8, leading to a decrease in the degradation of Vac Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 1 (VAV1), a downstream client protein of HSPA8 which plays a crucial role in activating the ERK pathway. Importantly, knockdown of HSPA8 or VAV1 significantly impaired the anticancer activity of pristimerin on TNBC cells. Additionally, pristimerin significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of TNBC cells and enhanced the sensitivity of TNBC cells to doxorubicin. Collectively, this study provides the initial evidence that pristimerin directly targets HSPA8 to activate the VAV1/ERK pathway, thereby promoting cell autophagy and apoptosis.
Rapid Synthesis of Carbon‐Supported Ru‐RuO₂ Heterostructures for Efficient Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Pan Dingjie , Yu Bingzhe , Tressel John , Yu Sarah , Saravanan Pranav , Sangoram Naya , Ornelas‐Perez Andrea , Bridges Frank , Chen Shaowei
Published: January 2025

Development of high‐performance electrocatalysts for water splitting is crucial for a sustainable hydrogen economy. In this study, rapid heating of ruthenium(III) acetylacetonate by magnetic induction heating (MIH) leads to the one‐step production of Ru‐RuO₂/C nanocomposites composed of closely integrated Ru and RuO₂ nanoparticles. The formation of Mott‐Schottky heterojunctions significantly enhances charge transfer across the Ru‐RuO2 interface leading to remarkable electrocatalytic activities toward both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1 m KOH. Among the series, the sample prepares at 300 A for 10 s exhibits the best performance, with an overpotential of only −31 mV for HER and +240 mV for OER to reach the current density of 10 mA cm⁻2. Additionally, the catalyst demonstrates excellent durability, with minimal impacts of electrolyte salinity. With the sample as the bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting, an ultralow cell voltage of 1.43 V is needed to reach 10 mA cm⁻2, 160 mV lower than that with a commercial 20% Pt/C and RuO₂/C mixture. These results highlight the significant potential of MIH in the ultrafast synthesis of high‐performance catalysts for electrochemical water splitting and sustainable hydrogen production from seawater.
Bandgap‐Dependent Doping of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Networks by Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer for Stable Thermoelectrics
Authors: Hawkey Angus , Rodríguez‐Martínez Xabier , Lindenthal Sebastian , Jansen Moritz C. F. , Crispin Reverant , Zaumseil Jana
Published: January 2025

Networks of semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are a promising material for thermoelectric energy harvesting due to their mechanical flexibility, solution processability, high Seebeck coefficients and high electrical conductivities after chemical p‐ or n‐doping. Here, we demonstrate that proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) with benzoquinone (BQ) as the oxidant and lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Li[TFSI]) for electrolyte counterions is a highly suitable method for p‐doping of polymer‐sorted semiconducting SWNT networks. The achieved doping levels, as determined from absorption bleaching, depend directly on both the pH of the aqueous doping solutions and the bandgap (i.e., diameter) of the nanotubes within the network. Fast screening of different nanotube networks under various doping conditions is enabled by a high‐throughput setup for thermoelectric measurements of five samples in parallel. For small‐bandgap SWNTs, PCET‐doping is sufficient to reach the maximum thermoelectric power factors, which are equal to those obtained by conventional methods. In contrast to other doping methods, the electrical conductivity of PCET‐doped SWNTs remains stable over at least 5 days in air. These results confirm PCET to be a suitable approach for more environmentally friendly and stable doping of semiconducting SWNTs as promising thermoelectric materials.
PM6/L8‐BO Thin Films through Layer‐by‐Layer Engineering: Formation Mechanism, Energetic Disorder, and Carrier Mobility
Authors: Wen Zihao , Zhou Rongkun , Zheng Zilong , Zhao Yi
Published: January 2025

Layer‐by‐layer (LBL) process has emerged as a promising method in the advancement of organic photovoltaics, emphasizing scalability and reproducibility. More importantly, it provides enhanced morphological control for boosting carrier mobility (μ) and power conversion efficiency. By employing a multiscale approach that combined first‐principles calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, and kinetic Monte Carlo methods, the relationship between LBL morphology engineering and carrier mobility in donor/acceptor (PM6/L8‐BO) thin films is elucidated. During solvent evaporation, the order of solid‐phase formation in LBL films was top surface, bottom region, and then the middle region. The early solid precipitation from precursor solutions was acceptor, resulting in a well‐ordered molecular arrangement and reducing energy disorder of acceptor LUMO levels. Furthermore, the difference in energy disorders between the A/D blend region and the pure A or D domains enabled LBL morphology engineering to balance electron and hole mobilities, thereby mitigating charge accumulation and recombination. LBL‐manufactured films presented higher carrier mobility ( = = 1.9 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1) compared to bulk heterojunction (BHJ) films ( > = 0.1 × 10−3 cm2·V−1 s−1). These mechanisms provided insights into strategies for enhancing charge extraction of photo‐generated charge carriers through LBL engineering, driving the development of efficient organic photovoltaic materials.
Artificial Intelligence‐Enhanced, Closed‐Loop Wearable Systems Toward Next‐Generation Diabetes Management
Authors: Huang Wei , Pang Ivo , Bai Jing , Cui Binbin , Qi Xiaojuan , Zhang Shiming
Published: January 2025

Recent advancements in wearable healthcare have led to commercially accessible continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMs) for diabetes management. However, CGMs only monitor glucose levels and lack therapeutic functions, prompting the development of closed‐loop systems that use monitored glucose levels to guide insulin dosing. While promising, these devices also pose risks, such as insulin overdosing, which can cause hypoglycemia. This review summarizes recent advances in integrating artificial intelligence methods with conventional CGMs. The developments in wearable CGMs and progress in insulin delivery technologies are explored, and existing algorithms for glucose prediction in closed‐loop systems are reviewed. Additionally, emerging trends in optimizing these algorithms to enhance the safety and security of closed‐loop insulin delivery systems are highlighted.
Innovating to amplify the voices of young people from marginalized ethnic migrant backgrounds
Authors: Deane Kelsey L. , Fenaughty John , Bullen Pat , Ahmad Maria , Chuah Yimei , Tang‐Taylor Jade , Joseph Dione , Marlowe Jay
Published: January 2025

The meaningful participation of young people from marginalized ethnic backgrounds in civic processes is central to the social cohesion of increasingly diverse liberal democracies, but their participation is compromised by a range of barriers resulting in decision‐making that is disconnected from their lives. To address participation barriers, a group of young people from marginalized ethnic migrant backgrounds joined a team of researchers, social innovators, and community leaders to co‐design and pilot an innovation to increase youth participation in policymaking. Delivered in phases over an 18‐month period, the project followed an approach that combined social innovation and evaluation methods. The process revealed factors that help and hinder young people from marginalized ethnic backgrounds' genuine engagement in partnerships with adults. The project learnings informed principle‐based guidelines for marginalized young people's civic engagement, which are offered to policymakers, practitioners, and researchers interested in inclusive youth participation.
Perceptions of Mexican nationals on recent deportation experiences from the United States: A qualitative study
Authors: Kaufmann Nicholas T. , Beltrán del Río Estefani
Published: January 2025

The dramatic rise in United States (U.S.) deportations demands a deeper understanding of their human costs. Qualitative research on the psychosocial impact of deportation is crucial to inform evidence‐based policy decisions and mitigate the potential harms of these practices. This study examines the perceptions and experiences of Mexican nationals following deportation from the U.S., with a focus on the psychological and social consequences within a human rights framework. Drawing on semi‐structured interviews with 11 participants (nine men, two women) who resided in the U.S. for an average of 18 years, the study identifies key themes, including the violation of human rights and the traumatic nature of detention and deportation. These findings underscore the urgent need for policies and interventions that prioritize the well‐being of individuals affected by deportation, including their families and communities in both the sending and receiving locations.
Saturated F2‐Rings from Alkenes
Authors: Li Yin , Liu Xiao‐Bin , Sham Vadym , Logvinenko Ivan , Xue Jiang‐Hao , Wu Jun‐Yunzi , Fu Jia‐Luo , Lin Shuang , Liu Yuan , Li Qingjiang , Mykhailiuk Pavel K. , Wang Honggen
Published: January 2025

A general method to convert simple exocyclic alkenes into saturated F2‐rings has been developed. The reaction involves reagent C6F5I(OAc)2. The reaction efficiently works on the mg‐, g‐, and even multigram scale.
Assessing the efficiency of ethyl acetate for lipid extraction as an alternative to the Folch method in selected marine low‐trophic species
Authors: Wang Ying , Eilertsen Karl‐Erik , Elvevoll Edel Oddny , Walquist Mari Johannessen
Published: January 2025

The recognized health benefits associated with marine omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have increased their demands and prices, prompting the search for new marine materials as lipid sources. Considering stricter health, safety, and environmental regulations, it is crucial to advocate the transition from chlorinated solvents like chloroform and dichloromethane to sustainable alternatives. This study aimed to assess the lipid extraction efficiency of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) method compared to the Folch method across four marine resources. The tested species were Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) and three low‐trophic species: the zooplankton Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770), the microalgae Porosira glacialis (Grunow) Jörgensen, 1905, and the macroalgae Saccharina latissima (Linnaeus). Our results indicated that the EtOAc method is as efficient as the Folch method in extracting lipids from Atlantic salmon fillets and freeze‐dried C. finmarchicus (p > 0.05). However, the relative lipid yields from frozen and freeze‐dried P. glacialis and S. latissima were 49.5% and 27.3%, respectively, when substituting the Folch method with the EtOAc method. Therefore, we recommend the adoption of EtOAc as a sustainable alternative for materials high in neutral lipids to avoid the underestimation of polar and complex lipids. However, the proportion of PUFAs in the extracted lipids was determined not only by the choice of solvent but also by the biological composition of the materials. We encourage future efforts to choose a suitable lipid extraction method considering the characteristics of the raw materials and their composing lipids, in addition to the trade‐offs between extraction efficiency and sustainability.
Photochemical versus thermal thiol‐ene “click chemistry” for renewable polyols with application in polyurethanes
Authors: Shrestha Maha L. , Roy Juganta K. , Ionescu Mihail , Leszczynski Jerzy
Published: January 2025

The primary goal of the study was to compare the efficacy of two approaches, photochemical and thermal, in producing polyols from renewable soybean oil through thiol‐ene reactions. The thiol‐ene reaction was initiated with UV light in the presence of 2‐hydroxy‐2‐methylpropiophenone as a photo‐initiator or via a thermal pathway utilizing radical initiator 2,2′‐Azobis(2‐methylpropionitrile). The resulting polyols were analyzed using standard analytical techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. It was observed that the polyols obtained through the photochemical route exhibited better outcome compared with those synthesized using the thermal treatment. Additionally, we employed computational chemistry technique using density functional theory (DFT) calculation to get insights into various product yields. The DFT results revealed that the hydrogen bond network likely contributed to the improved stability, hence obtained higher product yield of the polyol MSBO‐TMPAE compared with that of MSBO‐GAE. Our study also focuses on applying the synthesized polyols in polyurethane rigid foams and casts. The polyurethanes prepared from these polyols have comparable thermal and mechanical properties to that of the commercially available polyurethanes.
Highly Efficient Schottky Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution: Facile Synthesis of Hollow Nano‐ZnSe Spheres on Ti3C2‐Nanosheets
Authors: Liao Yifan , Gu Huajun , Huang Yamei , Wang Xinglin , Meng Jiayi , Zhou Quanmei , Wei Yuchen , Dai Wei‐Lin
Published: January 2025

Traditional photocatalysts often have limited efficiency due to the high recombination rate of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. In this work, we synthesized 3D/2D ZnSe‐MXene Schottky heterojunctions by an in situ electrostatic self‐assembly method. Notably, the 3 % MXene‐ZnSe composite exhibited an optimized photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 765.0 μmol g−1 h−1, about 1.6 times higher than that of pristine ZnSe. MXene′s high conductivity and large surface area enhance catalytic performance by providing more active sites and efficient electron transfer pathways from ZnSe to MXene. This accelerates the separation and movement of photogenerated carriers, significantly reducing recombination. We have investigated the photocatalytic hydrogen production mechanism of the ZnSe‐MXene composites using various characterization techniques. Our findings provide favourable insights into the synergistic effects within the heterojunction, offering valuable guidance for the design and development of advanced photocatalytic materials.
Star CEOs and Firms' Environmental Innovation: The Role of Interdependent Self‐Construal and Risk Perception
Authors: Liao Zhongju , Chen Ke , Ren Xiaoyun
Published: January 2025

In modern technological competition, environmental innovation is key to creating a win–win situation for the economy and the environment and a driving force in achieving carbon neutrality goals. Based on role identity theory, this study establishes a research framework of “role–cognition–behavior.” In a sample of Chinese A‐share listed companies from 2012 to 2023, we analyze the relationship between star CEOs and firms' environmental innovation and explore the mediating role of interdependent self‐construal and the moderating role of risk perception. Our findings show that star CEOs can actively promote firms' environmental innovation, and this effect is mediated by interdependent self‐construal. In addition, a firm's risk perception positively moderates the relationship between star CEOs and environmental innovation. This study enriches the application of role identity theory to environmental innovation and provides an avenue for star CEOs to realize their value.
Heed new OCR guidance for avoiding discriminatory uses of AI
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: January 2025

Much has been written about the ethics of using artificial intelligence in higher education. Less has been written about the legal implications of using AI at colleges and universities, especially with regard to discrimination laws. However, the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights recently threw its hat into the ring and published a resource titled “Avoiding the Discriminatory Use of Artificial Intelligence.”
Understand Title IX implications of latest ruling on religious exemptions
Authors: Romano Robert J.
Published: January 2025

Title IX maintains that federal funding will be denied to an educational institution if it excludes, denies benefits to, or subjects to discrimination any person “on the basis of sex” (20 U.S.C. § 1681(a)), including athletics. Federal courts have interpreted this law to also prohibit discrimination against gay or transgender students (Grabowski v. Ariz. Bd. of Regents, 69 F.4th 1110, 1116, 9th Cir. 2023.). Title IX does however carve out an exception that allows for a federally funded college or university to engage in discrimination if that college or university “is controlled by a religious organization if the application of Title IX would not be consistent with the religious tenets of such organization.” (20 U.S.C. § 1681(a).)
Clinical management of hereditary gingival fibromatosis: Case report with 13 years follow‐up
Authors: Dutra Oliveira Alcione Maria Soares , Dutra Oliveira Peterson Antônio , Pereira Tarcísio Junqueira , Costa Fernando Oliveira
Published: January 2025

Background

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is one of the categories of non‐plaque‐induced gingival diseases of genetic origin. Current studies show high genetic heterogeneity and suggest that not all forms of HGF are the same and that more than one biological mechanism may result in gingival growth. This report presents a case of syndromic HGF with generalized and complex clinical manifestations associated with other conditions such as body hypertrichosis and hearing deficit.

Methods

This is a case report of a male patient with HGF, detailing the orthodontic and periodontal management that began at the age of 8 and was completed by 21.

Results and Conclusions

The results of this case report demonstrated the importance of early diagnosis and the establishment of a correct treatment plan that provided, in the long‐term, highly positive effects, minimizing impacts affecting the oral health‐related quality of life of individuals with HGF.

Key points

This is a case report of a male patient with HGF, detailing the orthodontic and periodontal management that began at age 8 and was completed by age 21.

Clinical, genetic, and histological data are reported over the 13 years of follow‐up.

Due to the numerous complications caused by HGF, early diagnosis and the establishment of an appropriate treatment plan are imperative.
Bilateral Orocutaneous Fistula Secondary to Pericoronal Infection of Mandibular Third Molars: A Rare Case Report
Authors: K. C. Karina , Kalwar Ankit Gupta , Upadhyaha Chandan , Chaurasia Nitesh , Shakya Mamata
Published: January 2025

Odontogenic cutaneous fistulas are abnormal connections between the oral cavity and skin, often mistaken for skin infections. They typically result from dental infections but may also arise from salivary gland issues, tumors, or congenital anomalies. Accurate diagnosis is essential to prevent complications like infection, osteomyelitis, and discomfort. A 26‐year‐old woman presented with bilateral facial lesions and itching for the past year. Her symptoms began 5 years earlier with cheek pain and swelling, initially treated with antibiotics. Examination revealed pericoronitis of the mandibular third molars, leading to bilateral orocutaneous fistulas. Surgical removal of the affected teeth and fistulas was performed. Orocutaneous fistulas commonly result from long‐standing dental infections. Their location depends on the perforation site of the cortical plate. Early diagnosis through clinical examination and imaging is vital to prevent severe complications like osteomyelitis. Treatment involves addressing the underlying cause, typically through root canal therapy or tooth extraction. This case highlights the importance of early, interdisciplinary management of orocutaneous fistulas to prevent misdiagnosis, reduce discomfort, and avoid complications. Timely treatment ensures better outcomes and minimizes cosmetic concerns.
Simulation Model Exchange in Process Industry: Requirements, Solutions, and Open Challenges
Authors: Mädler Jonathan , Serrano Claudia Guadarrama , Viedt Isabell , Farkas Tamás , Semrau Julia , Otten Wilhelm , Krämer Stefan , Schüller Andreas
Published: January 2025

Simulation models are crucial for various applications across the lifecycle of process plants, such as plant engineering. As the industry moves toward modularization, plant components are increasingly supplied by manufacturers who design these modular units, often called package units or process equipment assemblies. Consequently, critical knowledge about their behavior resides with the manufacturers. This paper outlines the requirements for simulation model exchange to share this behavioral knowledge. It reviews solutions and highlights challenges based on literature and case studies. Key elements include metadata, open standards, IP protection, and quality assurance. Solutions, like the asset administration shell (AAS), CAPE‐OPEN, the Functional Mock‐up Interface (FMI), encrypted models, and quality models, are discussed. Remaining gaps are highlighted.
Pyridoxal phosphate binding protein (PLPBP) deficiency mimicking opsoclonus‐myoclonus‐ataxia syndrome
Authors: Takle Mrinmayee , Sahjwani Dhwani , Bharucha‐Goebel Diana , Rapp Tyler , Bouska Cecilia , Kornbluh Alexandra , Sen Kuntal
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Genetic and metabolic conditions can mimic diagnoses such as hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy, meningoencephalitis, epilepsy, and opsoclonus‐myoclonus‐ataxia syndrome (OMAS). Without a high index of suspicion and proper testing, diagnoses can be missed, and treatment delayed.

Methods

A 3‐year‐old girl with a history of neonatal seizures and previous nondiagnostic epilepsy gene panel presented with seizures, behavioral changes, and discrete episodes of myoclonus, tremors, and abnormal eye movements following a viral illness.

Objective and Interpretation

Initial evaluation was concerning for OMAS, though metabolic causes remained on the differential. Metabolic testing revealed elevated glycine and glutamine, suggestive of a possible inborn error of metabolism. Whole exome sequencing demonstrated compound heterozygous variants in the PLPBP gene associated with pyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy (PDE), consistent with her clinical presentation and leading to her diagnosis of PLPBP deficiency.

Discussion

Clinicians should gauge the indications, advantages, and limitations of targeted sequencing panels versus whole exome sequencing. Continued evaluation is recommended in patients with a history of neonatal and infantile epilepsy, especially if they present with episodic crises related to viral illness even if prior genetic and metabolic investigations have been nondiagnostic. This report also highlights the clinical overlap between PLPBP deficiency and OMAS, and the differences in pathophysiology, treatment pathways, and implications.
Artificial Intelligence Application in Diagnosing, Classifying, Localizing, Detecting and Estimation the Severity of Skin Condition in Aesthetic Medicine: A Review
Authors: Lee Alvin Kar Wai , Chan Lisa Kwin Wah , Lee Cheuk Hung , Bohórquez Jair Mauricio Cerón , Haykal Diala , Wan Jovian , Yi Kyu‐Ho
Published: January 2025

Background

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has revolutionized aesthetic medicine, enhancing the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of skin conditions. These technologies offer high precision, personalized care, and the potential to reduce human error. This review aimed to evaluate the current applications of AI and ML in aesthetic medicine, focusing on studies graded as Level I or II evidence by the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine (CEBM).

Methods

A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and Ovid databases identified studies employing AI and ML for diagnosing and managing skin conditions. Studies were included if they demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, improved treatment personalization, or other measurable clinical outcomes.

Results

AI and ML systems showed high accuracy in detecting and diagnosing conditions such as skin cancer, acne, psoriasis, and seborrheic dermatitis. AI‐based platforms facilitated personalized treatment plans, enhancing therapeutic outcomes while minimizing errors. The integration of AI reduced diagnostic time and lowered healthcare costs, demonstrating significant potential for improving patient care. However, challenges such as algorithmic bias, data privacy concerns, and the need for high‐quality training datasets were highlighted.

Conclusion

AI and ML have transformative potential in aesthetic medicine, offering improved diagnostic precision, enhanced patient outcomes, and cost reductions. Addressing limitations related to algorithm bias, regulatory oversight, and data quality is essential to fully realize the benefits of AI in clinical practice. Future research should focus on developing robust, ethical, and regulatory‐compliant AI solutions.
Exploring Experiences of Safety With LGBTQ+ Newcomers in Calgary, Alberta
Authors: Tri Thomas , Warria Ajwang'
Published: January 2025

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, and gender and sexual diverse (LGBTQ+) newcomers arrive in Canada, a country renowned as a “safe haven” for those escaping anti‐LGBTQ+ policies. Despite Canada's reputation, notions of safety are not guaranteed as LGBTQ+ newcomers continue to face systems of oppression as they navigate their new country of residence. Drawing from the feminist affect literature, this study sought to understand how LGBTQ+ newcomers navigate and perceive safety. This study employed an arts‐based method called participatory community mapping as well as semistructured interviews to explore six participants' experiences in Calgary, Canada. The findings of this study suggest the complex and vast experiences of LGBTQ+ newcomers upon settlement. LGBTQ+ newcomers face various challenges, such as discrimination, and navigating cultural differences alongside new systems. While adverse experiences were identified, participants also described spaces that elicit a sense of safety. Entering spaces free of judgment, where one can feel authentic to oneself, and fostering community and a sense of belonging, are critical facets of experiencing safety. Several mechanisms were employed to navigate safety, including concealing one's identity, avoiding diasporic communities, or trusting one's instinct. Feeling safe is not static and inherent in various spaces, but rather, requires complex negotiations with other people and considerations for one's LGBTQ+ identity.
Addressing Unmet Needs in Eating Disorders Requires Systemic Change and Co‐Production: A Commentary on Ali et al. (2024)
Authors: Ayton Agnes , Downs James , Ibrahim Ali
Published: January 2025

The treatment gap for eating disorders varies significantly across healthcare systems owing to structural, cultural, and systemic barriers. A recent systematic review by Ali et al. highlighted this disparity, with treatment rates ranging from 2.3% in some US populations to 65.7% in Switzerland, reflecting differences in methodology, healthcare funding, and accessibility. These gaps are exacerbated by inadequate primary care recognition, long waiting lists, and the prioritization of underweight cases, which marginalize individuals with higher body weights or complex comorbidities. Systemic barriers include fragmented care and insufficient interdisciplinary collaboration, especially for individuals with co‐occurring conditions such as diabetes, other mental disorders, or neurodivergence. Variations in access to evidence‐based treatment also disproportionately affect men, ethnic minorities, and those with newer diagnoses, where a lack of funding and expertise hampers effective intervention. Geographic inequities and reliance on out‐of‐pocket payments further limit access in some systems. Addressing these disparities requires systemic reforms, including improved training and funding, integrated treatment models, and public prevention programs. Embedding lived experience in research, service design, and policy development can ensure inclusive and culturally sensitive interventions. By targeting the unique challenges of each healthcare system, tailored approaches can reduce inequities, improve access to treatment and outcomes.