bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Updated Model Does Not Reveal Sex Differences in Patellofemoral Joint Stress during Running
Authors: Jacobson Laura , Vannatta C. Nathan , Schuman Catherine , Kernozek Thomas W.
Published: December 2022

Background

Structure-specific loading may have implications in understanding the mechanisms of running related injury. As females demonstrate a prevalence of patellofemoral pain twice that of males, this may indicate differences in patellofemoral loads between males and females. Previous works investigating differences in patellofemoral joint stress have shown conflicting results, but the models employed have not used estimates of muscle forces or sex specific contact areas.

Hypothesis/Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine sex differences in patellofemoral joint stress using an updated model to include estimates of quadriceps muscle force and sex-specific patellofemoral contact area.

Study Design

Descriptive Laboratory Study

Methods

Forty-five healthy recreational runners ran at a controlled speed down a 20-meter runway. Kinetic and kinematic data were utilized to estimate muscle forces using static optimization. Quadriceps muscle force was utilized with sex-specific patellofemoral joint contact area in a two-dimensional patellofemoral joint model to estimate patellofemoral joint stress. Multivariate tests were utilized to detect sex differences in patellofemoral loading and hip and knee kinematics.

Results

No differences were found between sexes in measures of patellofemoral loading or quadriceps force. Females displayed a reduced knee extension moment and greater hip adduction and internal rotation than males.

Conclusion

The inclusion of static optimization to estimate quadriceps muscle force and sex-specific contact area of the patellofemoral joint did not reveal sex differences in patellofemoral joint stress, but differences in non-sagittal plane hip motion were detected. Therefore, two-dimensional patellofemoral models may not fully characterize differences in patellofemoral joint stress between males and females. Three-dimensional patellofemoral models may be necessary to determine if sex differences in patellofemoral joint stress exist.

Level of Evidence

3b
Influence of High School Socioeconomic Status on Athlete Injuries during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Ecological Study
Authors: Bullock Garrett , Prats-Uribe Albert , Thigpen Charles , Martin Heather , Loper Beverly , Shanley Ellen
Published: December 2022

Background

It is presently unclear how the cessation of high school sport has affected injury incidence at different socioeconomic levels. The COVID-19 pandemic may have disproportionately affected athletes of lower socioeconomic status, potentially increasing injury risk in this population.

Purpose

To 1) Describe athlete injury incidence prior to and during the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 school years in high school athletes by socioeconomic status; 2) Investigate the association between socioeconomic status and injury incidence in high school athletes.

Study Design

Ecological Study

Methods

High schools were matched between the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 school years. All athletes from all sports were included. High school socioeconomic status was determined by the school district median household income. Socioeconomic strata were defined as <$30,000, $30,000-50,000, $50,001-100,000, and >$100,000. Injury incidence proportion with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated for each academic year. Mixed effects negative binomial models with robust errors were performed to assess the association between the incidence proportion ratio and high school median household income. Six states and 176 high schools were included (2019-2020: 98,487 athletes; 2020-2021: 72,521 athletes).

Results

Injury incidence increased in three of four socioeconomic strata during the 2020-2021 year (<$30,000: 2019-2020: 15.6 (13.1-18.1), 2020-2021: 26.3 (23.1-29.6); $30,000-50,000: 2019-2020: 7.8 (7.1-8.6), 2020-2021: 14.9 (13.8-15.9); $50,001-100,000: 2019-2020: 15.1 (14.7-15.4), 2020-2021: 21.3 (20.9-21.8); >$100,000: 2019-2020: 18.4 (18.1-18.8), 2020-2021: 17.3 (16.8-17.7)). An association was observed between injury incidence ratio and log median high school household income in 2019-2020 [1.6 (1.1-2.5)] but not 2020-2021 [1.1 (0.8-1.6)] school years.

Conclusions

Athletes from lower socioeconomic high schools reported increased injury incidence compared to higher socioeconomic high schools during the 2020-2021 academic school year. These results highlight the increased COVID-19 pandemic vulnerability in athletes from lower socioeconomic high schools. High school sport stakeholders should consider how abrupt sport stoppage can affect lower socioeconomic athletes.

Level of Evidence

2
Barriers and Facilitators of Research in Pediatric Sports Medicine Practitioners: A Survey of the PRiSM Society
Authors: Sugimoto Dai , Del Bel Michael , Butler Lauren
Published: December 2022

Background

Barriers and facilitators to research in sports medicine (SM) by physicians and allied health (AH) professions such as physical therapists and athletic trainers are understudied. The purpose of this research was to examine and compare research barriers, facilitators, and other research related facets including interests, comfort, knowledge, and resources among SM physicians and AH practitioners.

Study Design

Cross-sectional survey

Methods

The survey was sent to Pediatric Research in Sports Medicine (PRiSM) members. The survey was designed to ask respondents to identify their top barrier and facilitator to conducting research. Research interest (binary), self-rated comfort reading research articles (0-100 scale), self-rated knowledge conducting research independently (0-100 scale), and available research resources were evaluated. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, and t-tests were used to compare the responses between SM physicians and AH practitioners. The value of p<0.05 was set as a statistically significant criterion.

Results

The response rate was 35.7% (N=100). For both SM physicians and AH practitioners, the greatest research barrier was a lack of time. However, the leading research facilitators differed in the two professions. The top research facilitator for SM physicians was availability of research personnel, while availability of research mentoring was selected as a prime facilitator by AH practitioners. There were no differences in research interest between SM physicians (87.0%) and AH practitioners (95.5%, p=0.267). However, self-rated comfort reading research articles was higher in SM physicians (75.6±20.6) than AH practitioners (60.6±28.3, p=0.018). There were no differences in self-rated knowledge conducting research independently between SM physicians (70.2±18.6) and AH practitioners (63.4±24.6, p=0.163).

Conclusion

Lack of time was the top research barrier for both SM physicians and AH practitioners. Regarding research facilitators, having available time was the main facilitator for SM physicians while availability of mentoring was the leading facilitator in AH practitioners.

Level of Evidence:

3
Injuries and Illnesses Across 10 Years of Canada Games Competitions: 2009 – 2019
Authors: Chimera Nicole J , Merasty Danielle , Lininger Monica R
Published: December 2022

Background

The Canada Games are a national level competition held every two years alternating between Summer and Winter Games. Participation in elite level athletics, like the Canada Games, have an inherent risk of injury and illness.

Purpose

To analyze the incidence and characteristics of injuries and illnesses during Canada Games competitions from 2009-2019 (primarily) and to understand sex differences in odds of musculoskeletal injury for Summer and Winter Canada Games athletes (secondarily).

Study Design

Descriptive Epidemiology Study

Methods

Using a retrospective cohort, data were abstracted from medical incident reports generated during Canada Games from 2009 – 2019. Data were coded for body part injured and injury type or illness system; injuries were also categorized as acute or chronic.

Results

Across all 10 years of competition, 3160 injuries reported in 8710 male athletes and 3272 injuries reported in 8391 female athletes. Injury incidence was 362.8 and 389.9 and illness incidence was 47.8 and 64.5 per 1000 male and female athletes, respectively. Female athletes had a 1.12 (95% CI: 1.06; 1.19) greater odds of injury and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.20; 1.57) greater odds of illness compared to male athletes. Overall, injury (399.31 vs. 360.31; p < 0.001) and illness (68.67 vs. 47.30; p < 0.001) incidences were higher in Winter Games, compared to Summer Games, per 1000 athletes. When comparing male and female athletes participating in similar sports, sex specific differences exist in odds of both injury and illness.

Conclusions

Male and female athletes competing in Canada Games competitions demonstrate differences in injury and illness incidence and odds of injury. This suggests a need to examine if additional modifiable risk factors may exist, which could contribute to prevention strategies to reduce injury and illness during Canada Games competition.

Level of Evidence

3
Sex-Specific Brain Activations during Single-Leg Exercise
Authors: Park-Braswell Kyoungyoun , Grooms Dustin , Shultz Sandra , Raisbeck Louisa , Rhea Christopher , Schmitz Randy
Published: December 2022

Background

Females have an increased incidence of musculoskeletal injuries compared to males. Sex differences in neuromuscular control has been widely studied regarding the dynamics and muscle activity during preplanned movements. While muscle activation patterns and movement biomechanics are understood to differ between sexes, it is not well understood how sex influences brain activity for lower extremity movement. Since the brain plays a vital role for voluntary movement and joint stability, it is important to understand the sex differences in brain function in order to better understand neuromuscular control associated with increased musculoskeletal injury risk in female.

Hypothesis/Purpose

The purpose of this study is to understand the differences in brain activation patterns between sexes during a simple active knee extension-flexion movement. It was hypothesized that females would demonstrate higher cortical activation in the somatosensory areas compared to males as a compensatory strategy.

Study Design

Cross-Sectional Study

Methods

Thirteen males and seventeen females who were healthy and physically active participated in this study (Male: 23.7±3.8 years, 74.5±13.5 kg, 172.3±6.4 cm; Female: 20.6±1.6 years, 65.4±12.8 kg, 163±6.1 cm). Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained during a simple left knee extension-flexion exercise with their own leg weight while lying on the MRI table. The blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals were compared between sexes.

Results

There was significantly greater activation in the visual cortices and premotor cortex in females compared to males during the studied movement. Males demonstrated significantly greater activation in the right cerebellum.

Conclusion

The results revealed sex differences in BOLD signal during simple knee extension-flexion movement. The results suggest that sex may be a biological factor in understanding brain activity associated with knee motor control.

Level of Evidence

Level 3
Understanding Youth Athlete Motivation, Training, and Activity Progression During and After the COVID-19 Sports Interruption
Authors: Greenberg Elliot , Greenberg Eric , Lawrence J. Todd , Ganley Theodore
Published: December 2022

Background

COVID-19 restrictions created a period of disrupted sports participation for youth athletes. The physical conditioning, sports training habits, and patterns of sports activity resumption upon returning to normal sports activity are currently unknown.

Purpose/Hypothesis

This study aimed to determine the extent to which youth athletes maintained their training levels during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and understand the strategies that enhanced motivation and adherence to a training regimen while in isolation. A secondary aim was to analyze how youth athletes returned to activity and identify injuries associated with prolonged sports interruption.

Study Design

Observational / Survey Study

Methods

A survey designed to determine activity changes, type of organized instruction, and athlete preferences for training support were distributed by email using snowball sampling methodology to athletes 14-21 years old who were involved in competitive sports when pandemic restrictions were enacted. As sports activities resumed, a follow-up survey was distributed to the same respondents to identify feelings of preparedness, training habits, and injuries.

Results

Of the155 subjects (mean age 16.1 ± 2 years, 64.5% female) that completed the initial survey, 98% reported a stoppage of in-person sports participation and 70% decreased their exercise/training volume, with 41% (n=63) reporting > 50% reduction. Most athletes (86%) received instruction from coaches, with written workouts (70%) being most common; however, most athletes (70%) preferred instructor-led, group training sessions. Of the 43 subjects that completed the follow-up survey (34% response rate), there was an increase in athletic exposures compared to mid-pandemic levels, and 25% reported sustaining a sports-related injury shortly after resuming sports activities.

Conclusions

Pandemic-related sports restrictions resulted in a significant reduction in youth athlete training and conditioning. Coaches attempted to maintain training via the use of written workouts; however, athletes preferred instructor-led, group training sessions. There was a rapid resumption of sports activities, which may have contributed to the high rate of injuries in this study.

Level of Evidence

3
Effects of Trigger Point Dry Needling on Strength Measurements and Activation Levels of the Gluteus Medius: A Quasi-Experimental Randomized Control Study
Authors: Schneider Eric , Moore Elizabeth S. , Stanborough Rob , Slaven Emily
Published: December 2022

Background

Latent trigger points have been identified as a source of impaired muscle function giving rise to a reduction in force production and alterations in muscle activation patterns and movement efficiency. There is limited investigation into the effectiveness of a treatment in reducing these clinical manifestations.

Purpose

To investigate whether the application of trigger point dry needling (TDN) to latent trigger points within the gluteus medius musculature affected strength measurements and muscle activation levels immediately following intervention.

Design

Quasi experimental, single group, pretest-posttest, randomized control study

Methods

A control and an intervention side were randomly assigned for each participant (N = 39). Hand held dynamometer (HHD) force measurements and raw surface electromyography (sEMG) amplitude readings were recorded during maximal volitional isometric contractions of the gluteus medius in two separate positions before and after application of TDN. Comparison of within and between group data were conducted.

Results

A statistically significant interaction between time (pre-TDN to post-TDN) and groups (intervention side and control side), p < 0.001 was found for HHD measurements in both positions. Post hoc analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) for all comparisons in the side lying neutral (SL0) position, while statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) were found for pre and post-TDN measurements within intervention side as well as between the intervention and control side for post-TDN measurements in the side lying internal rotation (SLIR) position. For sEMG amplitude measurements, statistically significant differences were found only in the SL0 position for within group comparisons on the intervention side (p = 0.009) and for between group comparisons for post-TDN measurements (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Application of TDN to latent trigger points within the gluteus medius can significantly increase gluteus muscle force production immediately following intervention while reducing the level of muscle activation required during contraction.

Level of Evidence

Level 2
Long Head of the Biceps Tendon (LHBT)
Authors: Manske Robert C , Voight Michael , Wolfe Chris , Page Phil
Published: December 2022

Pathology of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon (LHBT) is a common source of shoulder pain. While a careful history and a thorough physical examination are important steps in the assessment of LHBT pathology, it is still difficult to differentiate the type and severity of the pathology. Currently, the gold standard for confirming a diagnosis of LHBT pathologies is arthroscopic examination. Additionally, MRI is commonly ordered for diagnosis. Since an accurate diagnosis of pathology is critical for treatment success, musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK US) is an attractive adjunct to the diagnostic process for long head of the biceps pathology due to it being safe, inexpensive and non-invasive. When used in combination with clinical special tests, MSK US can drastically increase the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical examination.
Implikasi Kebijakan Izin Lingkungan Terhadap Lingkungan Hidup Di Indonesia
Authors: Muryati Dewi Tuti , Triasih Dharu , Mulyani Tri
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the implications of environmental permit policies on the environment in Indonesia. The urgency of this research is given that the environmental permit policy is a government tool that is preventive in nature, controlling people's behavior, and repressively tackling environmental problems caused by human activities. Thus the environmental permit policy from the government aims to preserve the environment, lest there be pollution and environmental damage that harms the community. The approach in this study is normative juridical with descriptive analysis specifications. The results of the study show that the implications of environmental permit policies on the environment in Indonesia are not actual permits, but are only limited to environmental approvals. Environmental permits are removed and integrated into business permits. These changes bring about the weakening of environmental instruments which are a manifestation of deviations related to environmental justice, such as licensing simplifications, strict liability disorientation, and restrictions on environmental rights: this limitation of environmental rights is in the form of limiting the degree of community participation in the EIA process, eliminating clauses for filing objections to the EIA process, and the unclear position of environmental approvals as objects of state administrative disputes.

 

Tujuan  penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis implikasi kebijakan izin lingkungan terhadap lingkungan hidup di Indonesia. Adapun urgensi penelitian ini mengingat bahwa kebijakan izin lingkungan merupakan alat pemerintah yang bersifat preventif mengendalikan perilaku masyarakat, dan  represif menanggulangi masalah lingkungan disebabkan aktivitas manusia. Kebijakan izin lingkungan dari pemerintah bertujuan untuk melestarikan lingkungan, jangan sampai terjadi pencemaran dan kerusakan lingkungan yang merugikan masyarakat. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implikasi kebijakan izin lingkungan terhadap lingkungan hidup di Indonesia yang saat ini bukanlah izin yang sesungguhnya, namun hanya sebatas persetujuan lingkungan. Izin lingkungan dihilangkan dan diintegrasikan ke dalam izin berusaha. Perubahan tersebut membawa pelemahan instrument lingkungan hidup yang merupakan perwujudan penyimpangan terkait keadilan lingkungan yaitu seperti simplikasi perizinan, disorientasi strict liability, dan pembatasan hak lingkungan: pembatasan hak lingkungan ini berupa pembatasan derajat partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses Amdal, penghapusan klausul pengajuan keberatan terhadap proes Amdal, dan ketidakjelasan kedudukan persetujuan lingkungan sebagai objek sengketa tata usaha negara.

 

 

 

 

 
Efficiency of spring wheat seeds treatment with Trichodermin and Sporobacterin
Authors: Vlasenko N. G. , Burlakova S. V. , Egorycheva M. T.
Published: December 2022

The results of the study to determine the effectiveness of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of medium-early variety Novosibirskaya 31 with biopreparations are presented. The scientific experiment was conducted in the forest-steppe conditions of the Priob'ye region in 2019-2021. The effect of biological preparations on the development of fungal diseases of wheat and on the main parameters of sowing: the density of plants, their height and biomass, flag leaf area, ear structure and grain yield were studied. With the increase of root rot during the growing season from 1,3 to 3,4% to the phase of bushing and up to 10,0% by the end of the growing season the efficiency of seed treatment with Trichodermin, Sporobacterin and Scarlet bio-detergent was 32, 53 and 56% at the beginning of the growing season and 21, 27 and 36% - in the phase of milk-wax ripeness of grain. Trichodermin and Sporobacterin preparations were moderately effective against septoriosis (40 and 34%), against powdery mildew (29 and 24%), and the disinfectant Scarlet suppressed leaf infections by 51 and 43% against 9.3% and 9.0% of the control. The length of the wheat sprouts in the phase of the 2nd leaf in the variants of Trichodermin, Sporobacterin, Scarlet was greater than the control by 7.6; 11.1 and 4.6%. The greatest growth-stimulating effect was observed when the seeds were treated with Sporobacterin. In the phase of milk-wax ripeness the density of the wheat plants increased compared to the control by 8,3, 21,7 and 15,2% respectively, the productive stem structure was higher when using biopreparations by 15,2%, Scarlet dressing - by 17,4%. The grain harvest increased relative to the control (2.31 t/ha) in Trichodermin and Sporobacterin variants by 0.30 and 0.37 t/ha, Scarlet - by 0.22 t/ha. As a result of seed treatment with Scarlet the grain was obtained with protein content of 13,25%, while application of biofungicides Trichodermin, Sporobacterin increased it by 0,14 and 0,28% relative to the control (13,3%). As a result of the studies, it has been shown that the biopreparations Trichodermin and Sporobacterin are able to contain the development of diseases at a relatively low level, slightly inferior to the chemical preparation. With their growth-stimulating properties, they can provide grain yields even higher than when using a dressing.
Methods for noninvasive assessment of sexual dimorphism of embryos in the poultry egg
Authors: Aleynikov A. F.
Published: December 2022

The necessity of determining the sex in the bird's egg by non-invasive methods before incubation and during the incubation period is shown. The use of non-destructive methods for assessing sexual dimorphism in practice will significantly reduce the cost of producing eggs and poultry meat. The introduction of such methods will reduce the moral problems associated with the physical destruction of hatched chickens, depending on the egg or broiler direction of the poultry farm profile. The main methods and technical means for determining sexual dimorphism, used in world practice, are considered, the main disadvantage of which is the complexity of implementation and the associated high cost of acquiring such tools. Analysis of current world trends in the determination of sexual dimorphism of embryos in the poultry egg was carried out. Less costly methods of estimating their sex before and during incubation were identified. The main noninvasive methods for assessing the sexual dimorphism of the egg embryo are analyzed and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are shown. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time it was proposed to use all shape parameters, including egg asymmetries in three spatial coordinates, determined by computer vision methods, when assessing sexual dimorphism. An experimental colorimetric apparatus for assessing the sexual dimorphism of egg embryos before and during the incubation process based on computer vision was proposed. The use of an experimental setup in research will allow evaluating the effectiveness of at least 3 methods for determining the sexual dimorphism of chicken eggs in terms of parameters: spatial asymmetry of the egg, structural changes in the development of the embryo and its heart rate.
Amino acid content in the grain of naked oats under various cultivation conditions
Authors: Isachkova O. A. , Loginova A. O. , Korkina V. I.
Published: December 2022

The results of studying the formation of yield and amino acid content in the grain of naked oats varieties of different ripeness groups under the influence of different sowing dates are presented. The research was carried out in 2018-2020 in field and laboratory experiments on the medium early Gavroche variety and the mid ripening Ofenya variety in Western Siberia. A significant advantage of early sowing dates of naked oats varieties has been revealed: the Gavroche variety has an average of 25.9-29.6%, the Ofenya variety has 16.2-21.6% relative to later dates. At the same time, a significantly higher yield was formed in the mid ripening variety Ofenya, by 0.1-0.4 t/ha. A greater number of essential amino acids in the Gavroche variety was noted at a late sowing period – 4.51% (at an early and average term of 4.39 and 4.45%, respectively), and interchangeable amino acids – at an early term – 8.83% (at an average and late – 7.80 and 8.46%, respectively). In the Ofenya variety, the content of essential amino acids was 4.82-6.49 g/kg, interchangeable 7.28-9.49%. At the same time, this variety has a tendency to increase the quantitative composition of amino acids in the grain from the early sowing period to the late one. Differences in the influence of moisture conditions on the accumulation of amino acids in the varieties of naked oats were revealed. The highest content of essential and interchangeable amino acids in the medium-ripened variety Ofenya is formed at elevated values of the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) in the period of seedling – tillering (r = 0.9467 ... 0.9999 at R = 0.6660), reduced values in the period of booting – flowering (r = -0.9338...-0.9987 at R = 0.6660), with an increase in HTC during the filling – ripening period (r = 0.4335... 0.7888 at R = 0.6660). In the early-maturing Gavroche variety, a higher content of essential amino acids was noted at an early sowing period under conditions of low values of HTC during the period of seedling – tillering, increased - during the period of booting-flowering and arid conditions of the period of filling–ripening - r = -0.8812, 0.8626, -0.6087 at R = 0.6660, respectively. The high content of interchangeable amino acids in the Gavroche variety was formed at late periods in the years with reduced values of HTC during the period of seedling – tillering, the presence of precipitation during flowering and their absence during the period of filling-ripening (r = -0.8287, 0.8068, -0.6860 at R = 0.6660, respectively).
Phase sensitivity of some broad-leaved weed species to the herbicide Flex
Authors: Morokhovets T. V. , Morokhovets V. N. , Markova E. S. , Basay Z. V. , Vostrikova S. S. , Skorik N. S.
Published: December 2022

The effect of herbicide Flex, AS (active ingredient fomesafen 250 g/l) on annual weed species common in soybean crops was studied. The studies were conducted under greenhouse conditions in 2019-2021. The sensitivity of ragweedAmbrosia artemisiifoliaL., Asian copper leafAcalypha australisL., common lamb's quartersChenopodium albumL., common dayflowerCommelina communisL., China juteAbutilon theophrastiMedik, trailing hollyhockHibiscus trionumL., St.-Paul’swortSigesbeckia pubescensMakino, green amaranthAmaranthus retroflexusL., elsholtziaElsholtzia pseudocristataLevl. et Vaniot, and Siberian cockleburXanthium sibiricumPatrin ex Widd was determined. Weed treatment with Flex at rates of 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 l/ha was carried out three times a season at different stages of plant growth and development. The level of sensitivity of weed species to herbicide was judged by the decrease in height and weight of the aboveground organs of the experimental plants compared to the control. It was found that Flex herbicide completely destroys plants of all tested species in the early stages of growth and development (1-4 true leaves). When treating weeds that have formed 3-10 leaves, ragweed, green amaranth, Asian copper leaf, trailing hollyhock and Siberian cocklebur remain highly sensitive to the drug action (reduction of the aboveground weight up to 94-100%). Application of Flex on overgrown plants leads to a significant decrease in its activity against all studied weed species. When used in the third term, the herbicide is effective only on the green amaranth, suppressing the mass of the plants by 76-86%.
Ozone disinfection of grain from granary weevil and confused flour beetle
Authors: Baskakov I. V. , Orobinsky V. I. , Vasilenko V. V. , Gievsky A. M.
Published: December 2022

The methods of combating the most common harmful insects in the central regions of the Russian Federation, which cause damage to agricultural products during storage, were studied. The experiment was carried out in laboratory conditions by ozonation disinsection of a grain heap of winter wheat. The object of research is granary weevils (Sitophilus granaries L.) and confused ﬂour beetles (Tribolium confusum L.). It is noted that the currently recommended ozone concentrations for disinfection can be dangerous for the health of service personnel. The possibility of ozone treatment at lower values (up to 5 mg/m3) was investigated. It was found that ozone concentration in the range of 3-5 mg/m3 at an exposure of 300 min is sufficient for the complete destruction of the granary weevils. Since it is difficult to maintain a constant gas content, it is necessary to focus on the dose of ozone treatment over 1315 mg·min/m3. For the complete destruction of the confused ﬂour beetles, at least 460 min should be ozonated at the specified parameters. The dose of ozone treatment should exceed 1935 mg·min/m3. Ozonation should be carried out until about half of the insects die.

The remaining part of the pests dies within the next day after the treatment, since ozone, acting on the hemolymph, practically eliminates the possibility of survival of beetles after their paralysis. The use of the studied gas concentration indicators contributes to improving the quality of grain seeds.

Ozone disinfection with the specified parameters can be combined with the operation of pre-sowing preparation of the seed material. Due to the high activity of ozone, such concentrations quickly decompose into molecular oxygen, which significantly reduces the risk of human poisoning.
A new seismic tomography system for geotechnical centrifuges
Authors: Rammah Khader , Ismail Mostafa , Costa Jesse , Riccio Filho Mario
Published: December 2022

Seismic tomography has been extensively used in geophysics for different purposes, including geological mapping, characterisation of inner earth structure and prospecting for oil and gas. In geophysics, seismic or electromagnetic waves are commonly used to provide tomographic information. In the geotechnical area, seismic tomography is emerging as a promising technique that can be used to determine the spatial variability of shear wave velocities and hence the small strain stiffness of geomaterials, especially when used in the centrifuge where in-situ stress conditions can be mimicked closely. This paper describes the development of a seismic tomography technique in the centrifuge. This technology can be used to image variations of soil stiffness under various mechanical, chemical and physical conditions. The paper describes the various components of the system, which includes arrays of small-size bender elements, hardware and software used to transmit, receive and acquire the shear wave signals during a centrifuge test. The paper illustrates the performance of the system at both 1g and in the centrifuge. Results of tomographic inversion performed on travel-time data obtained from these tests are discussed.
Repercusiones del Teletrabajo durante la Pandemia del Covid-19 en el Ámbito Educacional. Caso de la Universidad Técnica de Machala
Authors: Montealegre-Ramón Génesis Nayeli , Mendoza-Granda Yanira Faviana , Jaya-Pineda Iddar Iván
Published: December 2022

El presente trabajo está orientado a realizar un análisis a través de una encuesta destinada a conocer y explorar las repercusiones del teletrabajo en tiempos de la pandemia del Covid-19 en el ámbito educacional, específicamente para el caso de los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales de la Universidad Técnica de Machala. Es decir, determinar los retos y problemas que enfrentaron ante la implementación de la modalidad de teletrabajo a raíz de la declaración del gobierno del distanciamiento social por el posible contagio del virus del Covid-19 en 2020. El trabajo de investigación se realizó con un enfoque descriptivo-exploratorio, considerando las respuestas a la encuesta enviada vía online a los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Empresarial de la Universidad Técnica de Machala. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan a un incremento de las jornadas y sobrecarga laborar, los docentes manifiestan sentirse cansados de manera física y mental, muchos de ellos han presentado dolencias y malestares por el constante tiempo que pasan sentados frente a sus computadores. La encuesta también evidenció un desbalance entre el tiempo destinado para el trabajo y el desarrollo de obligaciones personales y familiares, esto debido al exceso de las jornadas del trabajo de docencia.
Pembayaran Zakat Fitrah dalam Tradisi Metraen Bhekal Bineh di Bangkalan Madura Perspektif ‘Urf
Authors: Galuh Widitya Qomaro  , Nia Ningsih
Published: December 2022

The metraen bhekal bineh tradition in Banyuajuh, Bangkalan, Madura requires prospective husbands to pay zakat fitrah for their prospective wives in the form of money or rice. This study aims to determine the practice of the metraen bhekal bineh tradition and to find out the review of Islamic law on the metraen bhekal bineh tradition in Banyuajuh, Bangkalan, Madura. This research is a field research with qualitative methods and a sociological juridical approach. Sources of data used are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation were analyzed using the inductive method. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the metraen bhekal bineh tradition in Banyuajuh, Bangkalan Madura in terms of Islamic law is permissible because it is a tradition that grows and develops with good values ​​in society. The husband's obligation to pay zakat fitrah for his future wife is a customary obligation, not an obligation as required by Islamic law.
Potential of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents of Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller, 1838 (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae)
Authors: TOSUN Hilal , BAKİ Derya , ERLER Fedai
Published: December 2022

The apple ermine moth, Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller, 1838 (Lepidoptera Yponomeutidae), is a common pest of apple trees in Asia and Europe, and it has spread to North America. In apple growing regions of Turkey, the population of this pest may increase from time to time, requiring a separate control measure. In such cases, Turkish apple growers generally rely on synthetic insecticides to control this pest. The present study aimed to evaluate indigenous isolates of some entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) against the pest as potential biological control agents. In the pathogenicity tests, 14 EPF isolates that belong to 4 fungal species [Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. – 7, Clonostachys rosea (Link) Schroers – 3, Isaria farinosa (Holmsk.) Fr. – 2 and Purpureocillium lilacinum (formerly known as Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson) (Thom) Luangsa-ard, Houbraken, Hywel-Jones & Samson – 2] were assayed against the 4th instar larvae of Y. malinellus under laboratory conditions. All the EPF isolates were tested against the pest with three different conidial suspensions (1 × 107, 1 × 108 and 1 × 109 conidia ml-1), using the spray method. The results of pathogenicity assays demonstrated that the effectiveness of the isolates increased with increasing concentration and elapsed time up to 9 days after treatment. Of the 14 isolates tested, 3 B. bassiana isolates (BbDm-1, BbDs-2 and BbKm-3) were the most pathogenic, causing mortalities between 96.7% and 100% at the highest concentration 9 days post treatment. All the results suggest that the most pathogenic above-mentioned 3 isolates of B. bassiana have a significant biocontrol potential against Y. malinellus.
Molecular analysis of resistance gene locus to bacterial canker and wilting disease in tomato mutants
Authors: KARABULUT Deniz , ÇALIŞ Özer
Published: December 2022

The tomato plant is one of the most widely produced vegetables in the world. However, there are several disease factors which limit tomato production. The Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) pathogen causes wilting and canker symptoms on the leaves of plants and bird’s eye symptoms on the tomato and then the plants completely die. Development of resistant tomato varieties is prerequisite due to absence of an effective control methods against the bacterial disease. The resistant M3-9 and M3-15 tomato plants have been developed because of mutation from susceptible NCEBR3 tomato seeds with ethyl methanosulfonate (EMS). For each chromosome of the tomato genome, 24 SSR markers were selected from each end of the haploid, 12 tomato chromosomes, and polymorphic differences between susceptible and resistant tomato plants were studied. Polymorphisms were found with SSR13 and SSRB18031 markers located on chromosome 5 with resistant mutants, M3-9, M3-15 and susceptible original NCEBR3 plants. It is envisaged that a resistance gene is located on the 5th chromosome of resistant M3-9 and M3-15 plants. Further fine mapping studies will reveal the location of the resistance gene(s) for controlling bacterial canker and wilting pathogen.
Chlorine and ozone applications used for fruit and vegetable disinfection in tourism accommodation facilities
Authors: ERCAN Muhammet , FELEK Rasih , YILDIRIM İbrahim
Published: December 2022

Samples of vegetable and fruit were taken from the kitchens of tourism accommodation facilities and microbiological analyses were made. The samples were analysed after being disinfected with 100 ppm chlorine for 2-10 minutes and with 2 ppm ozone for 2-10 minutes. In the examined vegetables and fruit samples, Escherichia coli, E. coli O157, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes were examined in terms of microorganisms. Before disinfection, E. coli was detected in all 30 samples: E. coli O157 in 8 samples, Salmonella spp. in 4 samples, and L. monocytogenes in 3 samples. As a result of disinfection applications with 100 ppm chlorine for 2 minutes, E. coli decreased by more than 45%. Salmonella spp. was detected in 1 sample and E. coli O157 was detected in 2 samples. After disinfection applications with 2 ppm ozone for 2 minutes, E. coli decreased by more than 60%. A decrease of more than 70% was observed in E. coli. after disinfection applications with 100 ppm chlorine for 5 minutes. As a result of disinfection applications with 2 ppm ozone for 5 minutes, E. coli decreased by more than 85%. No bacteria were found in the samples after disinfection with 100 ppm chlorine and 2 ppm ozone for 10 minutes. It was observed that there was a decrease in the microorganism loads as a result of the chlorination and ozonation processes of the vegetable and fruit samples.
Ethnic crop consumption and marketing in the Eastern United States: Trends and prospects
Authors: GOVİNDASAMY Ramu , AYENİ Albert Ayeni , KELLEY Kathleen M. , SİMON James E. , SCİARAPPA William J. , VAN VRANKEN Richard W. , NİTZSCHE Peter , SCHİLLİNG Brian , KOMAR Stephen J. , ARUMUGAM Surendran
Published: December 2022

The population demographics of the eastern U.S has changed in recent years with an increase in immigrants, particularly of Asian and Hispanic origins. This trend motivated the identification of foods preferred by these ethnic communities in 16 states in the region and Washington, D.C., focusing on greens and herbs. Over 100 ethnic greens and herbs were identified as being preferred food choices, from which 40 were selected for further study, representing 10 crops important to four ethnicities: Asian Indian, Chinese, Mexican, and Puerto Rico. Bulletin board focus group and telephone survey participants responded to questions regarding their consumption in 2010. The relevant information was collected to assess retail sales for each crop for each of the four ethnic groups. Results demonstrated that the ethnic crop demand in the eastern U.S is significant, and the prospects for future growth are promising as the population of ethnic consumers in the region is projected to continue to grow.
Kurumsal Yönetim İle Şirket Karlılığı Arasındaki İlişki: Irak Borsası’nda Bir Uygulama
Authors: ÖNDER Şerife , ALDOORI Abdulrahman
Published: December 2022

Şirketlerin iyi yönetilmesine yönelik çabalar kurumsal yönetim kavramı ile ifade edilmekte ve iyi bir kurumsal yönetimle oluşturulan etkili bir yönetim yapısının, şirketlerde karlılığı arttırdığına yönelik çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Irak’ta kurumsal yönetim faktörlerinin etkili olup olmadığını ve şirketlerin karlılığını arttıran kurumsal yönetim faktörlerini tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla 2011-2019 yıllarında Irak Borsası’nda işlem gören 51 şirketin 9 dönemlik verileri ile oluşturulan 459 şirket/yıl verisi kullanılmıştır. Yapılan panel veri analizi sonucunda Irak’ta şirketlerin karlılığını arttıran kurumsal yönetim faktörleri yönetim kurulunda yer alan kadın üyelerin oranı ve halka açıklık oranı olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Sağlık Kurumlarında Sürece Dayalı Faaliyet Tabanlı Maliyet Yöntemi ve Bir Kamu Hastanesi Ameliyathane Uygulaması
Authors: YÜKSEL İbrahim
Published: December 2022

Hastane işletmeleri sağlık sektörü içerisinde hem tıbbi hem de idari faaliyetlerin yapıldığı çok çeşitli sağlık hizmeti sunan sağlık kuruluşlarıdır. Sağlık hizmet çeşitliliğinin çok fazla olması maliyet hesaplamalarını oldukça güçleştirmektir. Buna rağmen, hastane yönetimlerinin sağlık hizmet sürecinde ortaya çıkan sağlık harcamalarını düşürmek için doğru ve güvenilir maliyet hesaplama yöntemine ihtiyacı bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca, maliyet hesaplamalarının yanında verimlilik analizleri kapsamında kaynakların etkin kullanılıp kullanılmadığının da tespit edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda, sürece dayalı faaliyet tabanlı maliyet (SDFTM) yöntemi hastane işletmelerinde doğru ve güvenilir maliyet hesaplama yöntemi olmasının yanında sağlık hizmet faaliyetlerindeki atıl kapasiteyi belirlemesi ile hastane yönetimlerine katkı sunabilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, SDFTM yönteminin hastanelerde uygulanabilirliğini göstermek ve sağlık hizmet sürecindeki atıl kapasiteyi tespit etmektir. Bu kapsamda, bir kamu hastanesinin ameliyathane bölümünde SDFTM yöntemi uygulanmış ve süreçlerdeki atıl kapasiteler hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu yöntem basit, pratik ve kolay anlaşılır özellikleri sayesinde hastanelerde uygulanabilirliği ile doğru ve güvenilir bir maliyet hesaplama yöntemidir. Bu yöntem sayesinde hastane yönetimleri için oldukça zor olan maliyet hesaplamaları yalınlaştırılarak kolaylıkla yapılabilecektir.
İşletmelerin Finansal Performanslarının Mali Yapı Oranları Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KINALI Firat
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de Borsa İstanbul Ulaştırma endeksinde (XULAS) faaliyetlerine devam eden firmaların 2016-2020 yıllarına ait 5 yıllık finansal tablolarının incelenerek mali yapılarının belirlenmesi ve entegre Entropi-TOPSIS yöntemini kullanarak firmaların mali performanslarına göre sıralanmasıdır. Çalışmada, Borsa İstanbul ulaştırma endeksinde faaliyetlerine devam eden firmaların 2016- 2020 dönemine ait mali yapılarına ilişkin oranlar hesaplanmıştır. Sonrasında, Entropi yöntemi kullanılarak söz konusu oranların kriter ağırlıkları hesaplanmış ve TOPSIS analiz tekniği ile de söz konusu firmalar performanslarına göre belirlibir şekilde sıralanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda elde edilen bilgiler neticesinde mali performansın firmalar nezdinde her yıl farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ancak değerlendirmeye alınan 5 yıllık dönemde U2 kodlu (Çelebi Hava Servisi A.Ş) ve U5 kodlu Reysaş Taşımacılık Ve Lojistik Ticaret A.Ş firmalarının genellikle birinci sırayı aldıkları ve bu nedenle mali performanslarının daha iyi olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca U1 kodlu (Beyaz Filo Oto Kiralama A.Ş) ve U3 kodlu (Gsd Denizcilik Gayrimenkul İnşaat Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.Ş) firmalarında mali yapı oranlarının düşük olduğu ve genellikle 5. ve 6. sırada yer aldıkları tespit edilmiştir.
Science Process Skills Analysis of Junior High School Students in South Sumatera Using Test Basic of Process Skill (BAPS)
Authors: Hartono Hartono , Susanti Rahmi , Ariska Melly
Published: December 2022

Basic Science Process Skills (BAPS) are some of the scientific skills used to obtain, process, build and apply scientific theories. Basic science process skills are not only useful in learning science but also for students' daily lives. Therefore, it is very important to master science process skills from the age of teenagers who are in the Junior High School phase. This analysis aims to obtain a profile description of the basic science process skills of Junior High School students. The research method used is descriptive method with research subjects as many as five Junior High Schools in South Sumatra Province as many as 505 students as samples. The data collection technique used is a test technique using 25 questions about the basic ability test of the science process. The data were obtained directly from the VIII grade Junior High School students, after the data were recapitulated and then analyzed by simple statistical analysis. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be seen that the BAPS ability in junior high schools in South Sumatra Province as a whole is in the medium category, which has a percentage for the overall indicator is 56%. which are 72.3 and 61.12, respectively, so that there is a gender effect on the BAPS ability of junior high school students in South Sumatra Province. Science process skills of junior high school students in South Sumatra Province are based on each indicator, the indicator that has the highest value is the predictive indicator with a percentage of 69% in the medium category and the lowest science process skill indicator is the observing indicator with a percentage of 41.3% in the low category, for science process skills on indicators of concluding and communicating have a percentage of 59.5% and 64.6% respectively in the medium category, science process skills for classifying indicators have a percentage value of 48.9% in the low category.
Expansão da Linha 1 do Metrô/DF - Diagnóstico da Área de Influência Direta
Authors: Federal Companhia de Planejamento do Distrito
Published: December 2022

O presente trabalho pretende mapear os novos parcelamentos urbanos a serem implantados em Samambaia (RA XII), estabelecendo uma relação com a expansão da Linha 1 do metrô na cidade com a concomitante construção das futuras Estações 34 e 35, além de apresentar um breve diagnóstico socioeconômico daquela área, de modo a subsidiar a Companhia do Metropolitano do Distrito Federal (Metrô-DF) para a tomada de decisões acerca do planejamento estratégico na região.