bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discussion on Methods of Identifying Dangerous Road and Sections in Rural Highway
Authors: Wang Jian Jun , Liu Hui Fang , Han Fei , Peng Lei , Fu Jing Jing
Published: October 2012

In order to fully investigate dangerous sections, implement Security engineering, and reduce accidents, based on the analysis of road and traffic characteristics of rural highway, methods of identifying dangerous road and sections of rural highway are put forward. With the application of Variable Weight Comprehensive Evaluation and Fuzzy Mathematic Comprehensive Analysis method, the methods are raised in mountainous areas and common areas under the conditions of no accident data. Based on the accident data, the methods used different range come up with Quality Control-Identify Index method, Fuzzy Evaluation method, and Double Variables Filtration method. Among them, the Fuzzy Mathematic Comprehensive Analysis method is a new method of evaluation road safety degree According to the traffic and road characteristics of rural highways. These methods provide a scientific theory method for the grass-roots workers, offer the theory basis to the implementation of Safeguards engineering, and enhance the economical rationality of implementing Safeguards engineering, achieving the best economic benefit.
Research on Designing Optimum Asphalt Aggregate Ratio of Asphalt Mixture by Mechanical Index Method
Authors: Li Hong Mei , Liu Wen Fang
Published: October 2012

The article designed optimum asphalt aggregate ratio of asphalt mixture by mechanical index method, the purpose of the mechanical index method is that the bond strength and internal friction angle of asphalt mixture can reach a best balance, the shear stress reaches the maximum, so the results have a good effect for preventing rut. The research indicated that the surface layer performance of asphalt mixture which designed by the mechanical index method is better than by the traditional Marshall method, so the mechanical index method is a simple and effective method.
Research on the In Situ Test of Thick-Layer Soft Ground of High-Speed Railway Treated by PHC Pile
Authors: Yang Dong , Chen Wei Yun , Xia Tang Dai , Zhong Li Na
Published: October 2012

Based on the data obtained in the in-situ test of layered settlements in Wen-Fu Railway, the settlement regulation of the thick-layer soft soil treated by the composite structure of PHC pile-net is analyzed, and two calculation models are utilized to predict the final settlement. Since the predicted settlement is far less than the value required by the standard, the treatment method for the deep soft soils is proved to be reasonable. After that, according to the mechanism of the composite structure of PHC pile-net, the settlement values are calculated using various common calculation methods and the results are compared to the corresponding experimental data. The applicability of these methods is discussed and then the settlement calculation method of the thick-layer soft foundation treated by the composite structure of PHC Pile-net is obtained. The series of conclusions finally given provide the basis for the theoretical research and optimum design of pile-net composite foundation.
Analysis on the Convection of Highway in Permafrost Regions
Authors: Sun Xiao Yu , Wang Zhen Qing , Xing Hong Tao , Tong Yong Heng
Published: October 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate flow characteristics on two-lane rural highways and to develop criteria for highway widening The study is conducted on two tracks: theoretical development of delay models and use of a simulation model to estimate the effect of certain parameters on delay and percent-time-spent-following. Models of delay are presented, as are the regions in which the traffic is stable or unstable. It was also possible from the simulation to obtain the percent-time-spent-following, which is a key parameter in determining level-of-service on two-lane highways.The accrued delay over the usable life of a two-lane highway pavement, assumed to be 20 years, was discounted to present monetary value This was then compared to four typical construction costs for different terrain types. The threshold average daily traffic volumes were determined at the points where the present value of the accumulated delay was equal to the cost of constructing two more lanes. These threshold values can be used as criteria for widening a two-lane highway and converting it into a four-lane facility. Additional criteria, based on percent-time-spent-following, are also presented.
Full-Scale Impact Test Study for the New Flexible Safety Fence
Authors: Lei Zheng Bao , Wang Rui , Lei Mu Xi , Zhang Xiao Yuan
Published: October 2012

In order to test and verify the feasibility of the 5 roped new flexible safety fence posted with I-shaped cross section. So the full—scale impact test was studied. Four mainly aspects of the preparation for full—scale impact test study, testing and data collection, testing results and data analysis , conclusion were stated. The results show that the various elements of the new flexible safety fence meet the evaluation criteria, the maximum dynamic deformation is short, and it is no obvious stumbling resistance to the testing vehicles.
Study on Post-Construction Settlement of Ningbo Airport Runways
Authors: Ren Hong Peng , Wang Jin Chang
Published: October 2012

Built on soft soil foundation, the runways settlement of Ningbo Airport has been observed since operation. Through observations respectively after one and nine years in service, we find that the post-construction settlement is directly related to the soft layer thickness and the sand drain depth; meanwhile the accumulated impact caused by landings of aircrafts is yet another factor which cannot be neglected. Post-construction settlement mostly occurs in the initial operation stage of the airport. The maximum cumulative post-construction settlement is 12.95cm one year after operation and increases to 23.70cm nine years after, which is far beyond the design value 8cm. The differential settlement is less than 4cm one year after operation, and stays below 4cm nine years after except for a few points, which basically meets the design requirements.
Vibration Analysis on Worn Cement Concrete Pavement
Authors: Fan Chen Guang , Luo Bin , Xiong Zhi Wei
Published: October 2012

Resonant pavement breaker is an excellent technique to reform worn cement concrete pavement (PCC). When the frequency of the machine adjusted to the resonant frequency of the worn cement concrete pavement, the pavement will be broken to discrete blocks. For the full use of this technique, this article studied the dynamic properties such as natural frequencies and modalities of worn cement concrete pavements of national secondary road. FEM was used to discretize models of different damaged degrees. The influence of different damaged degrees on natural frequencies and modes was studied. It was discovered that the new cement concrete pavement’s frequency was bigger than worn ones, and the modes were influenced by the damage locations and their degrees, the more worn, the more irregular.
Evolution of Meso-Structure of Intact Loess during Wetting
Authors: Fang Xiang Wei , Shen Chun Ni , Cheng Pei Jiang , Wang Long
Published: October 2012

To study the evolution of meso-structure of unsaturated intact loess during wetting, a series of CT-triaxial-collapse tests were conducted using CT-multi-function triaxial apparatus. The distinct CT images and detailed CT data were attained nondestructively during wetting. A parameter and an evolution variable which characterized evolution of meso-structure were defined based CT data. An equation describing the evolution of structure during wetting was proposed. The equation reflected the influences of net cell stress, deviatoric stress and suction on the evolution of meso-structure. In the equation, volumetric strain, deviatoric strain and incremental degree of saturation are included.
Study on Prediction Models for Time-Dependent Settlement of Soft Road Foundation
Authors: Zhou Ai Zhao , Gu Wei Wei , wang Wei
Published: October 2012

The characteristics of soft clay roadbed settlement prediction model are studied in this paper. Firstly, based on one-dimension soil consolidation theory, the shape of time-dependent settlement process curve was analysed. Then, Mathematical analysis of traditional settlement models, including Gompertz model and Logistic model, was conducted, and the mathematical deficiency of above two traditional models were pointed out, which the settlement corresponding to inflection point has a constant ratio to the ultimate settlement. Further, Weibull model was proposed to describe the time-dependent settlement process of roadbed. This proposed model overcomes the deficiency of above two traditional models, and exponent model is one of its degraded expressions. Moreover, it can predict the total settlement processes of both the instantaneous load and the ramp load conditions. Finally, according to a group settlement observation data, the prediction results of different models are compared, and Weibull model has a good agreements.
The Impacts of Intercity Railway Project on Regional Development of Northwest China Using Scenario Analysis Method: An Example of Gansu Province
Authors: Gong Liang , Zhang Xiao Dong , Wang Wei
Published: October 2012

The planning and argumentation of two intercity railway (IR) projects (Lanzhou-Zhongchuan, Xi’an North Passenger Station-airport) in Northwest China have attracted more and more attention by Chinese Central Government, local governments in Northwest China and some research organizations recently. In order to explore and find out the right way of IR development in Northwest China, we must combine with characteristics and uniqueness of Northwest Provinces, research the question more comprehensively. This paper aims at estimating the strategic impacts of IR construction on regional economy, society and environment in the future systematically, especially on the development of economy. So we choose Lanzhou-Zhongchuan IR as an instance, research this problem based on previous project experiences on it and actual dates provided from No.1 Survey & Design Institute of the Ministry of Railway (MOR). By introducing Scenario analysis method, this paper systematically enumerates and concretely analyzes the opponent viewpoints combining with the decision-making tendency of saving cost, protecting environment, promoting social and economic harmony in transportation planning. And then we make certain what are the critical conflicts in value judgment, select and determine the right construction scheme of the IR from three interactive perspective scenarios. The key technical difficulties and breakthroughs of our research are expressed, such as determination of necessity factors’ weight, forecasting traffic demand of the IR, regional economic impact of the IR and so on. It is expected that scenario analysis method would be helpful for decision-making of IR constructions in the future. And we hope to report further on this in subsequent papers.
Theoretical Approach to Offer a Rational Speed Reduction Scheme in Korea Railway
Authors: Yi Gyu Sei , Bae Hyun Ung , Choi Jin Yu , Lim Nam Hyoung
Published: October 2012

In order to ensure the safety of running train against the track buckling in a sultry weather, a speed reduction scheme has been implemented in railway operating companies. However, this scheme is based on the limited knowledge on the buckling behavior of the CWR track. The rational speed reduction scheme based on the probabilistic method for the buckling of the CWR track is proposed to apply to Korea high and normal speed railway. Permissible level of the reduced speed according to the rule of restricted speed signal, accepted degree of the buckling probability, the practically managing degree of the variation of the rail temperature, and effects of the maintenance work on the track condition are reflected in the rational speed reduction scheme.
Statistical Analysis of the Channelized Traffic and Road Condition Investigation about Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway
Authors: Yang Zhi Jian
Published: October 2012

We conducted a survey about the representative six sections of Beijing-Zhuhai expressway, including channelized traffic conditions and the corresponding traffic for this highway. And we were statistically analyzed to survey results. We had a new understanding to the operational status of domestic highway. Lane design for the pavement structure provided a theoretical basis.
Modification of the Conventional Method for the Track-Bridge Interaction
Authors: Yun Kyung Min , Choi Jin Yu , Lee Chin Ok , Lim Nam Hyoung
Published: October 2012

In order to obtain the interaction behavior between the track and the bridge, the various design codes adopted generally the recommendations of the UIC leaflet. The maximum longitudinal stress (force) in the rail can be calculated by the linear combination of the results obtained by the separate analysis of three elementary important loads. This conventional method completely neglects the influence of the loading history, and may have some error because of the behavior of the longitudinal resistance connecting the rail and the bridge-deck is under the highly nonlinear. In this study, the algorithm for the modified method considering the sequential nonlinear loading combination and the effect of the loading history is proposed. The results from the application of the modified method are compared with the results obtained from the conventional method.
Anti-Collision Device Structure Research on Reservoir Arch Bridge
Authors: Lin Jiang , Li Jun , Dong Bing Jiang
Published: October 2012

The construction of reservoir is beneficial to improving channel conditions, but at the same time, it also increases the possibility of ship-bridge collision, especially for arch bridge, the navigable clearance of which reduces. Once the collision happens, it will lead to a serious accident, therefore, the construction of anti-collision device is particularly important. “Arc Water Lifting Anti-collision Device” is designed to protect reservoir arch bridge from being hit by ships, which is mainly composed of three parts, that’s collision belt, buoy and oriented well, and it can lift freely with the water level changing. In this paper, this device is applied in Wanzhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge, and it is proved that this new device can meet the security requirements of ship, bridge, and itself when the collision occurs.
Assessment on the Thermal Stresses of Concrete Bridge Piers under Solar Radiation
Authors: Gong Pei Song , Chen Bo , Song Chun Fang , Li Xiu Li
Published: October 2012

The time-varying thermal stresses of a concrete pier are actively studied in this study with the aiding of the commercial package ANSYS. Thermal boundary conditions are utilized to obtain the temperature distribution of the concrete bridge pier. The surface temperature of the pier is measured by using a thermal infrared imager at different time instants. The different boundary conditions are applied to determine the structural temperature distribution and compute the thermal deformation. The made observations demonstrate that the horizontal deformation is much larger than that in vertical deformation due to the influence of the constraints on the top and bottom sides of the pier. The thermal stresses of the example bridge pier are not very large except for the local areas on top of the piers. It is seen that the numerical models can successfully predict the structural time-varying temperature effects
Application Analysis on Backfill at Bridge Abutment with the Natural Gravel Mixed with Cement
Authors: Han Bing , Xue Su Duo , Hu Juan Juan
Published: October 2012

Exampled by a test project in Kuche - Akesu express highway engineering of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region in this paper, it is analyzed that technical and economical rationality of backfilling at bridge abutment with the natural graded gravel mixed with cement of flow state, and the evaluation parameter is introduced by contrast of test projects between conventional technology and the new technology. It lays the foundations of the promotion and development of this technique and the further study.
Research on Security of Bridge Crashed by Vessels in Xiangjiang Bridge
Authors: Lei Zheng Bao , Cheng Hai Liang , Lei Mu Xi , Liu Guo Bin
Published: October 2012

To study the ship collision security of Xiangjiang bridge, this paper base on the risk assessment criteria of the AASHTO guide. First of all, annual frequency of Xiangjiang bridge element collapse is calculated by using the method of AASHTO guide; Furthermore, the safety of the Xiangjiang bridge is evaluated in according to AASHTO Guide. Calculation and analysis results show that Annual frequency of Xiangjiang bridge element collapse is more than annual 0.0001.
The Pre-Stressed Modal Calculation Method of Long-Span Suspension Bridge
Authors: Zhou Jun Long , Li Li Nan , Sun Shi Gang , Cai Song Bao
Published: October 2012

Taking suspension bridge for example, this paper based on finite element theory and derived the formulas of pre-stressed modal computing theory of the bridge structure. Then to check the correctness of the theory, we calculated a real bridge model. Finally we get a theory to calculate bridge pre-stress modal.
Analysis on Stability of Reinforced Soil at Shield Departure Area
Authors: Rui Da Hu , Wang Yang , Zhang Chang Hai , Chen Yong Shuan
Published: October 2012

Abstract: Based on the design and construction of the south shaft of Yellow River Crossing Project, this paper calculated the grouting reinforcement range by theory method, which includes block strength theory, clay soil slippage theory and soil disturbance limit equilibrium theory. Owing to the thickness value was calculated by those theory methods which are conservative[1], so this paper will reduce the thickness value on the basis of theoretical value, then made the analysis on the stability through shield-driven numerical simulation , emphatically analyzed the displacement field. We can find that reducing the range of reinforced soil is feasible. In addition, the dimension of reinforced soil should satisfy the requirement from waterproof and collapse-proof. The research result is hopeful to provide theoretical basis and help for the design and construction of shield-driven.
Research on Anti-Collision Program of Side Pier in Chongqing Caiyuanba Yangtze River Bridge
Authors: Geng Bo , Zhang Xi
Published: October 2012

On the basis of summarizing the hydrological characteristics and shipping characteristics at the location of Chongqing Caiyuanba Yangtze River Bridge, the method of setting anti-collision bridge piers by the risk analysis was determined, and the anti-collision design program of P15 and of P16 side pier was analyzed emphatically. The anti-collision program with intercept cable, thin-walled cofferdam and structural strengthening itself were compared and the advantages, disadvantages and the scope of application of the protective facilities were discussed. Analysis showed that it was very effective to reasonably choose the pier needed to be protected emphatically so as to select protective measures program of the piers with targeted with hydrology, waterway and other information on the location combined with structural analysis. These conclusions have some guidance and reference significances for determining the anti-collision program of side pier in large bridges.
Research on Safety Technology for Initiative Anti-Collision of Bridge
Authors: Lei Zheng Bao , Chen Zhu , Lei Mu Xi , Al Run
Published: October 2012

Existing initiative anti-collision of bridge system was so complex and high costs, so we analysis of various factors of the collision of the bridge, putting forward the key factors of the initiative anti-collision and simplifying the bridge initiative anti-collision model. Furthermore, in the light of the key factors to designed a set of initiative anti-collision safety system for Xingjiang large bridge as an example. Based on the limit of thoughts and ideas, raise the concept of the voyage level of security, and design the work of software process.
Risk Analysis of Vessel-Bridge Collision Based on AASHTO Method
Authors: Zou Yi Song , Zhong Shan , Wang Yin Hui , Wu Jun Hua
Published: October 2012

One bridge in the southeast coast was cited as an example and the risk analysis theory was introduced into the study of vessel-bridge collision problem of the bridge. From the survey of the current situation development in the bridge site area and 5000 tons collision-prevention requirements, the annual probability of collapse of the bridge in the year 2020 is over the criterion by the AASHTO model algorithm. In accordance with the AASHTO acceptance criteria for vessel-bridge collision risk, the mentioned vessel collision risk of the bridge was not acceptable. In this paper, based on “m” method and FLAC3D program, the research on horizontal bearing capacity of pile group of one bridge in the southeast coast under vessel impact is performed, and the effects of the anchor is considered, which is significant for the risk analysis and bridge anti-collision study.
A Study on the Pier Scour and Seismic Capacity Assessment of Bridges
Authors: Huang Yu En , Kou Chang Huan , Chen Li , Kao Chin Sheng , Lai Meng Wei
Published: October 2012

Climate changes in recent years have caused a trend of increasing rainfall in Taiwan. In addition, the rivers of Taiwan flow down steep slopes with rapid currents, and the flow is extremely turbulent in particular segments of the rivers, causing pile scours that affect the stability of bridges in the area. Based on turbulent flow theory, this paper establishes an estimation model for the pier scour depth limit of suitable bridges crossing rivers in Taiwan, according to the characteristics of the stagnation point and separation point of fluid mechanics. A bridge in northern Taiwan is analyzed according to measurements, confirming that the channel scour formula suggested in this paper demonstrates sufficient accuracy. Additionally, lateral pushover analysis is performed on the bridge to understand the seismic durability of the bridge structure following a scour.
Stability Analysis of Duchuanbian Collapse
Authors: Zhou Zhuo Ling , Liu Chang Wu
Published: October 2012

Duchuanbian collapse is located inside Micangshan avenue in Nanjiang county, Sichuan province, consisting of 6 dangerous rock bands. It is in a basically stable state overall now, with partial area in a semi-stable or unstable state. Qualitative analysis is carried out in stereographic projection method taking 1st dangerous rock band of Duchuanbian collapse for example, so as to understand the structure feature of slope rock mass, and judge it may occur collapse in falling type.And then static force analysis method is used for quantitative calculations, thus determining that 1st dangerous rock band is in semi-stable state under natural condition, and it may occur collapse under action of torrential rain, earthquake and other unfavorable factors. Therefor, it requires to take reasonable measures for comprehensive treatment.
The Analysis of Pile Deformat on Impact Factor of Pile Retaining Wall in Expansive Soil Area
Authors: Wei Bo , Fan Jiang , Chen Ying Hui , Zheng Xue , Sheng Guang Qi
Published: October 2012

Anti-slide pile deformation of pile retaining wall in expansive soil region was analyzed in this article. Main factor which affected deformation of the anti-slide pile was discussed. The result showed that expansive power and pile embedded solid depth was the main factor which affected the deformation of the pile in expansive soil region. Engineering measure related to the anti-slide pile deformation was alalyzed to show that the anchor cable could effectively controlled the deformation. As well as the order of the anchor cable and slaking effect of expansive soil had a great impact on the pile deformation. It can be used as reference for the design and construction of the pile retaining wall in the expansive soil region in future.
Study on Stability of Rock at Reservoir Banks Slop Based on AHP
Authors: Zhou Zhi Jun , Liang Han , Wang Xiao Dong
Published: October 2012

The paper aims to present the authors’ research on application of engineering fuzzy set theory analysis to reservoir ranks rock slop stability evaluation by using analytic hierarchy processing (AHP). Many methods, which used to analysis highway slope stability, are compared in the paper. On the basis of research on the general slope stability evaluation methods, lots of fuzzy factors of stability evaluation for highway slope are researched and fuzzy comparison matrix model is established. Correspondence relationship between mood operator and fuzzy value are determined. Evaluation indexes and grading standards are identified on the basis of engineering practice. The weight of every index is obtained by using analytic hierarchy processing and the method of Ridge-type distribution, which the method of combining with the bigger the more excellent and the smaller the more excellent. Engineering fuzzy set theory is used to make a comprehensive evaluations, overall evaluation of the highway slope stability is obtained according to the principle of maximum degree of subjection and the result of subjection degree vector. Slope stability evaluation of AN-SHAN Expressway is analyzed with analytical hierarchy process. Evaluation results provide a basis for the progress of the project, and the project carried out smoothly with the guidance of it. The results show that the model makes slope stability evaluation more comprehensive, scientific and rational.
Study on External Wall Panel of Industrialized Housing and Seismic Behavior of Connection Joint
Authors: Yu Jing Hai , Zhang Gang , Li Jiu Peng
Published: October 2012

The lateral performance of a typical reinforced concrete external wall panel is analyzed by finite element method and the analysis results show that the reinforced concrete external wall panel has a certain strength and stiffness in its own plane. In order to rational use the strength and stiffness of the wall panel, a new type of energy dissipation connector is designed based on passive energy dissipation. The energy dissipation connector is analyzed by finite element method and the analysis results show that this energy dissipation connector has ideal hysteresis curve. The energy dissipation connector can improve the seismic behavior of main structure through rational design.
Pseudo-Dynamic Testing Method Based on External Displacement Control
Authors: Wang Da Peng , Tian Shi Zhu
Published: October 2012

In order to accelerate the velocity and improve the accuracy of the pseudo-dynamic testing，the external displacement control method is put forward based on the hardware control. The internal displacement sensor of the actuator is invalid on control and substituted by the LVDT displacement sensor connected with the specimen. The process of the feedback displacement and command error compensation is quickly implemented by the internal closed-loop control of the actuator. Compared with the iteratively approximate load control, this method not only makes the testing velocity fast, but also enables the error between command and feedback to be “zero”. The fast pseudo-dynamic testing about a cantilever beam is carried out by applying appropriate PID parameters of the actuator. The testing result shows that although this method has rather high requirements in the control system and electro-hydraulic servo load device, and the risk to some extent, the fast response of the actuator can be firmed by applying appropriate PID control parameters. This method provides a fast testing technology for velocity-dependent structures or specimens.
Experimental Study on Seismic Performance of Connections between T-Shaped Concrete-Filled Steel Column and Steel Beam
Authors: Cao Bing , Dai Shao Bin , Lin Ming Sen , Liu Ji Xiong
Published: October 2012

This paper presents an experimental study and analysis on three double web plate top and bottom angle steel connections of T-shaped concrete-filled steel column and steel beam under low-cycle repeating horizontal load. The damage form and seismic performance of double web plate top and bottom angle steel connections was studied. The results of analysis indicate that the strength and rigidity of the joint are mainly determined by the strength and rigidity of the thickness of top and bottom angle steel. The thickness of top and bottom angle steel affects the performance of the joint and the joint has good consuming energy capacity and its strength is high. The results provide the theoretical basis to the study and application of double web plate top and bottom angle steel connection joint.
Seismic Response Analysis of the Curved Bridges with Different Line Shapes
Authors: Yan Xian Li , Li Qing Ning , Yang Fan , Gao Chang , Wei Lei
Published: October 2012

Two curved bridges with typical line shapes: C shaped curved bridge and S shaped curved bridge were selected to study the influence of line shapes on the dynamic parameters of the curved bridge. Spatial finite element analysis models were established and the seismic responses of the two bridges in different earthquake input directions were studied by the elastic dynamic time history method. Results show that: except for the first natural period, the rest natural periods of the two bridges are basically the same; the earthquake resistant capability of the C shaped curved bridge is worse than that of the S shaped curved bridge; under earthquake, the control input direction is Y-direction, and the control internal force is the axial force-Fx, shear Fy, and the moment Mz; relative to the horizontal seismic inputs, the internal force produced by the vertical seismic input is very small, and it can be resisted by structural measures in seismic design.
Seismic Design and Safety Evaluation Analysis of Reinforced Slope with Geogrid in 200m High Core Rock-Fill Dams
Authors: Li Hong Jun , Yan Zu Wen , Zhang Yan Yi
Published: October 2012

The reinforcement technique with strengthening geogrid has been widely used in modern seismic design of 200m high rock-fill dams. However, how to evaluate accurately the effects of reinforcement in seismic design and safety evaluation has become a key problem. As compared with the minimum safety factors which are conventionally employed as the evaluation criteria, the earthquake-induced deformation can better reflect the characteristics of rock-fill materials, input motion and the performance of reinforced dams for the earthquake loading. In the improved Newmark sliding method, the effects of reinforcement in enhancing the stability of slope in high rock-fill dams and restricting the permanent deformation of dams are investigated. Firstly, the limit tensile intensity and limit coordinating strain of reinforcement is determined based on the stress-strain relationship of reinforcement-composite and rock-fill materials. Secondly, the location of critical failure face is determined via a combination of ant colony algorithm and Holland method. The yielding acceleration of potential sliding bodies, which considers the limited stress of reinforcement layers and time-history vertical acceleration, is obtained. Finally, the transient movements are accumulated for all the overloadings. It is guaranteed that the reinforcement can reduce the permanent deformation up to 80% and improve the seismic design and safety evaluation of high rock-fill dams subjected to strong ground motion effectively.
The Seismic Performance Test of Precast Prestressed Shear Wall
Authors: Fu Ri Rong , Liu Zhi Chun , Yin Qi Lin , Su Kun
Published: October 2012

This paper describes the multilayer and high-rise structure of the precast prestressed shear wall, we made one shape T shape and linked limb shear wall specimens as the objects, we also made comparision with cast-in-place shear wall, the specimens were tested under high frequency and reciprocating horizontal load. And it is analyzed in yield load, bearing capacity, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation as well as ductility conditions by test data. The result shows that Wall’s damage concentrated in roots near the connection, where is the weak area of the precast prestressed concrete straight shear wall, and the wall show characteristic bending failure.
Ambient Vibration Test on Earthquake Damaged R/C Building Structures
Authors: Dai Jun Wu , Yang Yong Qiang , Wang Duo Zhi
Published: October 2012

Reinforcement concrete (R/C) structure is constructed and developed very rapidly in recent 30 years with the economic increasing not only in metropolitan cities but also in wide rural areas of China. It’s famous for its’ easy construction and high load bearing capacity. But in recent large earthquakes, more and more different type of severe damages about R/C structures have been observed due to either unreasonable design or extra-high ground shaking intensity exceeding the design level mostly. In the field investigation for the 2010 Yushu Ms7.1 earthquake of China, six RC frame buildings, were investigated and tested by means of the ambient vibration test method. Both of the test results of the natural frequency for each building as well as its’ damage pattern were described and briefly analyzed in this paper. The investigation results provide reference data for nonlinear numerical analysis and retrofitting of RC frame building structures.
Design of SMA Damper and Analysis on Seismic Control of Frame Structure
Authors: Xing De Jin , Yang Bao Quan , Wang Ming Dong
Published: October 2012

With the SMA (Shape Memory Alloy) banner model, the effect of pre-stressing and displacement, stiffness and length to the energy dissipation ratio is studied. The two equations, which are of pre-stressing and displacement to the energy dissipation ratio are proposed. The method are put forward to confirm the stiffness and length of SMA . Based on the above analysis, a new pull-press SMA damper is designed. The simulation analysis on seismic response of five-floor frame with SMA damper shows that the displacement and acceleration of the top floor are reduced by 50﹪at least. It verifies that this kind of SMA damper can availably suppress the seismic response of structure.
The Analysis of Test of the Seismic Response for the Metro Station Structure Considering Soil-Structure Interaction
Authors: Zhou Ying Ming , Wang Shu Wei , Wang Peng , Yao Li Na
Published: October 2012

In this paper, the subway station structure seismic response of large-scale three-dimensional shaking table model test is analysis, the model system acceleration response time, the stress response of the model structure of the schedule and structure of the surface of the earth pressure time is obtained, which has been the subway underground structure seismic response of the general law, the conclusion can provide a reliable basis and guidance for the seismic design of the MTR underground structures in the general venue.
Research on Probability and Statistics of Vulnerabilities in Recent Chinese Earthquake
Authors: Ji Yuan , Han Chuan Feng
Published: October 2012

Analysis of Probability has been applied to evaluate the vulnerability of buildings and other facilities under the effect of earthquakes in USA and other countries. During the past ten years, this method becomes an efficient method to evaluate the seismic capacity of structure in many serious earthquakes, such as Northridge Earthquake of 1994 and so on. However, probability and Statistics of Vulnerability has not been attached enough importance it deserves in the evaluation of performance of seismic capacity of structure. The vulnerability of reinforcement concrete (RC) frame with regard to recent Chinese earthquake is analyzed by using probability and statistics method. The important risk issue of seismic capacity of formal RC structure is examined, which can serve as a basis for improvements in structural code development.
The Model Test about Over-Consolidated Soils’ Stress and Deformation as Water Pressure Increasing
Authors: Sun Gang Chen , Peng Jian Bing , Lu Quan Zhong , Dai Hai Tao , Sun Xiao Han , Li Xin Sheng
Published: October 2012

The main compression layer of Xi’an is over-consolidated. Based on the property, the physical model is designed as a steel cylinder which is 2.5m diameter,3m high. The soil layers are inter-bedded with silty clay and medium-fine sand. The consolidation pressure and overburden pressure is 295KPa. The process of soil deformation was simulated as the water recovering by increasing the water pressure in the medium-fine sand layer. Data monitoring test reveal that the deformation of the medium-fine sand layer and the silty clay layer is piecewise consequent，the consolidation will stop when the water pressure surpass a certain threshold value; During this test, the deformation of sand have the consistency with the variation of stresses in the medium-fine sand, but the deformation of the silty clay layer lagged to the variation of stress. The increase of water pressure in medium-fine sand cause compression pressure of others soil layers to increase. Based on the study of this test, we could predict that the land subsidence of Xi’an will not stop unless the confined water pressure surpasses the threshold value. What is more, we can reduce the subsidence through spasmodic pumping without cutback of pumping.
Study of the Limit State Equation Applied to the Deep Slide Stability of Gravity Dams under Earthquake Action
Authors: Xu Xin , Huang Yi Sheng
Published: October 2012

Based on the wedge stability analysis method specified in Design Specification for Concrete Dams (DL5108-1999, in Chinese), the limit state equation applied to deep-seated sliding stability under the earthquake has been deduced, and the safety factor of limit state to quantitatively assess the deep slide of gravity dams has been established. The computation for the project shows that the limit state equation is accurate and applicable.
Delineation of Rural Settlement Boundaries in the Upper Reaches of Min River, China
Authors: Ding Ming Tao , Wang Qing
Published: October 2012

Settlement marks the crucial spatial form for human survival, while rural settlement serves as concentrated reflection of relationship between human and land in mountainous areas. The upper reaches of Min River is not only a multi-ethnic neighborhood, but also a typical eco-environmental vulnerable area as well as the prone area for mountain hazards. Taking SPOT-5 images as the significant data source for spatial analysis, this paper, in accordance with the different geographical positions that rural settlements are located, classifies rural settlement into three types: valley settlement, slope surface settlement and mountain settlement, aiming at boundary characteristics of which the paper confirms symbol for their remote sensing interpretation. With the combined approach of field survey and remote sensing interpretation, the paper finds out that in study area, there are 1667 natural settlements under 625 administrative villages, density of which is 0.025km2, and settlement distribution in this region enjoys the features of dispersity, low density as well as small scale.
Key Technology on Constructing Modern Geodetic Control Network in Shandong Province
Authors: Wang De Bao , Zhang Jian , Fang Xue Ling , Wang Xi
Published: October 2012

This document illustrates the overall technical requirements of constructing modern geodetic control net in Shandong. Besides, it discusses the key technology of following aspects: the layout, observation and data processing of A, B and C-order GPS control net; the repetition measurement of second-class level net throughout the entire Shandong; the repetition and filling-in measurement of third-class level net of Shandong; geoid refining. What’s more, it demonstrates the vital significance and expected precision indexes of constructing recent geodetic control net in Shandong.
Application of Coordinate Conversion in the Tunnel through
Authors: Qi Xiu Dong , Wang Zhong Yi
Published: October 2012

The transformation between different coordinate systems is a technical issue in the process of surveying and mapping. Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Passenger ZH-4 contract Huanggang tunnel passes Shenzhen and Hong Kong. Its coordinates belong to different coordinate systems. In order to ensure the tunnel through quality, coordinate conversion accuracy perpendicular to the direction of tunnel axis should be main consideration when coordinate transformation. According to the characteristics of the tunnel project, using four-parameter model and the least square method. Through composing different public control point, and comparing the tunnel through the point and the cut-off point the projection length of conversion residuals on the important through direction, the optimal transformation parameters have been selected.
Application of GIS Digital Technology in Planning of Tourism Scenic Spot
Authors: Chen Chi , Chen Chao , Sun Xiao Long
Published: October 2012

Rationalization of modern tourist scenic spot planning is very important to the development of the whole scenic area, and the rational planning of tourism resources of scenic area is based on the full development of resources, then making the systems be optimized in the scenic area. When applying GIS technology to urban tourism scenic spot, the distribution of tourism resources will be more reasonable. The application of GIS network analysis function on traffic planning and underground pipeline planning, which achieve programming optimization, and then doing three-dimensional visualization for network planning, clearly analysis the planning rationality. The superiority of GIS spatial analysis functions makes the tourist scenic spot planning optimization in low-cost, and also provides a good platform for the operation and management of scenic area.
Discussing of Subsidence Monitor Data Processing Methods Based on Improved GM (1, 1)
Authors: Huang Chang Jun , Cao Yuan Zhi , Hu Li Min , Zhou Qing Shan
Published: October 2012

Based on the grey system theory, through the analysis of the theory flaw of the GM (1,1) prediction model, taking into the linear trend and the exponential growth trend of the settlement monitoring data series, and using the sequence operator role to enhance the smoothness of the original sequence data, combined with the characteristics of GM (1,1) and the linear regression, this paper presents a new and improved combination forecasting mode. Compared the traditional model, the accuracy of the improved method has been greatly enhanced, and the improved method will better meet the practical requirements.
Analysis of Temperature Trends and Spatial Variability in Huaibei Plain
Authors: Yuan Xin Tian , Xu Guo Wei , Xu Guang Lai
Published: October 2012

Based on monthly data about temperature from 1957 to 2007 in Huaibei plain. Temperature variation trends and spatial differences were investigated by linear trend estimation method. Results show that annual mean temperature has increased about 1.2°C, with 0.25°C per ten years, which is especially obvious after the 1990s; Seasonal increasing trends are significant except summer, with increments of 1.6, 1.4 and 1.7°C in spring, autumn, and winter, about 0.33, 0.26, and 0.36°C per ten years, respectively; Warming rate from large to small was winter, spring and autumn. Suzhou and Bengbu are the most affected areas, which is warming obviously, increase temperature range is bigger; Dangshan, Bozhou, and Fuyang is the second one, warming of smaller amplitude.
Analysis of Seismic Checking of Panel Zone with Unequal Beam Height in Steel Structures
Authors: Dai Su Juan , Shi Hui Yuan , Wei Xiu Ting
Published: October 2012

Seismic checking of panel zone for steel frame is very important in seismic checking of steel structure. This paper starts with the comprehension of new seismic design code of 2010, and the calculation formula of shear strength and yield bearing capacity for the panel zone is derived when the beam height in two side of joint is unequal, resorting to current Design Code for the Steel Structures and Seismic Design Code for Buildings. The formula is utilized for an engineering example in this paper, and it can provide some references for the design of steel structure.
Different Fuzzy Controllers Analysis for MR Structures
Authors: Guo Ying Qing
Published: October 2012

The fuzzy control technology is a kind of intelligent control method, and it has strong robustness. The fuzzy control strategy is used to choose the control currents of MR dampers in this paper. In order to illustrate how to design the fuzzy controller, three kinds of the fuzzy controller having different membership functions and fuzzy rules are designed. A five-floor MR structure using the designed different fuzzy controllers is simulated. Analysis results show that for the MR structure, it is not best that MR dampers provide the maximum forces to the structure, so the displacement and acceleration responses of the structure must be weighed at the same time to make MR dampers provide reasonable forces when the membership functions and fuzzy rules are designed.
Cyclic Testing of Welded Free Flange Type and Welded Flange Plate Type Weak-Axis Steel Moment Connections
Authors: Lee Kang Min , Chen Liu Yi , Li Rui
Published: October 2012

Moment resisting frames are most frequently used in seismic design systems for steel buildings. Following the Northridge and Kobe earthquakes there have been many studies examining the strong axis steel moment connections. In particular, these efforts have been supported by the government in the US. In Korea on the other hand, researches on the seismic behaviours of weak-axis moment connections are difficult to fine even though these connection details have been frequently used as seismic details of local MRF. As a result, the objective of this research is to provide information on the seismic behaviours of welded free flange type(FF) and welded flange plate type(WFP) weak-axis steel moment connections that were quoted by the FEMA. For this purpose, an experimental program was designed and performed with 2 types of weak-axis steel moment connections. From the test results, both FF and WFP type connections revealed to have more than 3% story drift capacity, which satisfy the required performance for OMF systems.
Structural Damage Detection Using Inner Product Vector and Low Pass Filter Technique
Authors: Wang Le , Yang Zhi Chun
Published: October 2012

The inner product vector (IPV) was proposed in our previous research as a damage detection algorithm which uses cross correlation functions between vibration responses under band pass white noise excitation. It was verified that the IPV of a structure is a weighted summation of the mode shapes of the structure and the weighing factors for each modes are different. Structural damage detection examples in our previous research shown that the damage location can be correctly detected if the bandwidth of the band pass white noise excitation only covers the fundamental natural frequency of the structure. However, the bandwidth of the band pass white noise excitation may cover first several natural frequencies of the structure in practice. This paper just investigates the damage detection method using IPV under the situation when the bandwidth of the band pass white noise excitation may cover first several natural frequencies of the structure, i.e. the hybrid method using IPV and low pass filter technique. Firstly, the theory of IPVs and the damage detection method using IPV are reviewed shortly. Then, the hybrid method using IPV and low pass filter technique is introduced. Finally, experimental damage detection example of a shear frame structure is presented to illustrate the method proposed in this paper.