bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non‐compromise extreme effect: Attribute discriminability and preference for an extreme alternative
Authors: Banerjee Pronobesh , Masters Tamara , Chatterjee Promothesh
Published: November 2022

In this research, we show that despite a choice set configuration that promotes the compromise effect, consumers do not always prefer the middle alternative but rather choose the extreme option when one of the attributes has higher discriminability than the other. We use findings from the numerical cognition literature to demonstrate why this happens and, more importantly, provide a novel theoretical framework for what we call the “non‐compromise extreme effect.” The findings are unique to the compromise effect literature, which has consistently shown the effect to be robust. More importantly, the findings show that a brand can successfully compete with a well‐established competitor when it performs better on the low performing attribute, which gives a leeway to managers to take share away from the competitor.
Effect of the B4C particles on the brazed joints of SiC ceramics and 2219 aluminum alloy
Authors: Li Xianfen , Cai Kai , Teng Peng , Hua Peng , Cheng Huimin , Zhou Wei
Published: November 2022

A two‐step process, including the premetallization of the SiC ceramic by Ag‐26.7Cu‐4Ti+B4C and the followed brazing with the Al‐based filler alloy, was developed to join 2219 aluminum alloy and the metallized SiC. The influence of metallization temperature and the B4C addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint was analyzed. The reaction products of Ti and B4C were detected in the brazing seam, such as Ti2B, TiC and graphite. With increasing of metallization temperature and B4C addition content, the shear strength of joint first increased and then decreased. The joint shear strength reached 14.0 MPa when SiC metallized with Ag‐26.7Cu‐4Ti+1%B4C at 930°C for 10 min, which showed that appropriate addition of B4C in Ag‐26.7Cu‐4Ti metallization layer could regulate the coefficient of thermal expansion difference between 2219 aluminum alloy and SiC to relieve the residual stress and improve the shear strength of their brazed joint.
Trends in Single‐Use Mixing for Biomanufacturing with an Insight Into Lonza Ibex® Solutions
Authors: de Boulard Arnaud , Kienle Klaus
Published: November 2022

Biologics manufacturing has seen many new developments in recent years. The industry is moving away from processing systems based on stainless steel (with cleaning and validation requirements) to single‐use systems (sterilized, disposable plastics). This communication presents an overview of the current single‐use mixing technology landscape, requirements and challenges driven by the need for versatile biomanufacturing platforms with increased productivity. A case study is presented with an insight into Lonza Ibex® Solutions.
Early‐life stress and current stress predict BMI and height growth trajectories in puberty
Authors: Zhong Danruo , Reid Brie M. , Donzella Bonny , Miller Bradley S. , Gunnar Megan R.
Published: November 2022

In cross‐sectional analyses, early institutional care is associated with shorter stature but not obesity during puberty in children adopted into US families. We examined whether shorter stature and leaner body composition in youth adopted internationally from institutions would continue as puberty progressed. We also examined whether current psychosocial stress would moderate the association between early institutional deprivation and growth during adolescence. Using an accelerated longitudinal design and linear mixed‐effects models, we examined the height and body mass index (BMI) of 132 previously institutionalized (PI) and 176 nonadopted (NA) youth. We examined youth aged 7–15 at the beginning of the study three times across 2 years. Nurses assessed anthropometrics and pubertal status. Current psychosocial stress was measured using the Youth Life Stress Interview. Our results indicated that PI youth remained shorter and leaner across three assessments than NA youth. However, age‐and‐sex‐adjusted BMI increased faster in PI youth. Psychosocial stress during puberty predicted greater age‐and‐sex‐adjusted BMI, but this effect did not differ by group. The gap in BMI but not height appears to close between PI and NA youth. Higher psychosocial stress was associated with higher BMI during puberty.
Adolescent nicotine administration impacts working memory and reversal learning but not cognitive flexibility
Authors: Rodefer Joshua S. , Maitland Sarah C.
Published: November 2022

There has been increased interest in early exposure to nicotine through tobacco products and vaping specifically as it relates to addiction, yet fewer studies have focused on whether behavioral effects resulting from early nicotine exposure may persist into adulthood. Our experiments tested the hypothesis that exposure to nicotine during adolescence would impair selective aspects of behavioral cognition in rodents in adulthood. Male and female adolescent rats received either nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) or vehicle injections (intraperitoneal) once daily for 10 days (PND 29–38) followed by a washout period before behavioral testing. Animals were followed in a longitudinal design and evaluated on a battery of both behavioral and cognitive tasks during adulthood (PND 90+) that included locomotor activity, working memory (novel object recognition), cognitive flexibility (attentional set‐shifting task, ASST), and anxiety‐like behaviors. Data suggested that subchronic exposure to nicotine during adolescence produced significant changes in working memory, in two reversal problems in the ASST, and in anxiety‐related behaviors. Taken together these data may suggest that limited early exposure to nicotine may produce selective longer term impairments in cognitive and behavioral processes related to working memory and reversal learning.
Recent Progress of Anode Protection in Li–S Batteries
Authors: Al Khazraji Mohammed Radha , Wang Jianda , Wei Shuya
Published: November 2022

Lithium‐ion batteries have gradually reached their theoretical limits. To meet the growing demand for higher energy storage technology, finding alternative battery chemistries has become the major concern. Fortunately, lithium–sulfur batteries are considered the most promising next‐generation energy storage technology due to being cost‐effective and having high theoretical energy density. However, the further commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries is hindered due to the growth of lithium dendrites and the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides. This review provides an overview of the challenges facing lithium–sulfur batteries. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of lithium metal protection strategies is provided including electrolyte optimization, construction of artificial solid electrolyte layers, utilization of hosting materials, and design of separators, as well as a theoretical understanding and analysis of the underlying methods. This review puts forward general conclusions and prospects for the practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries in the future and the promotion of technology development of lithium metal batteries.
In‐Depth Analysis of Electrochemical Reaction Rate Distribution in Microfluidic Fuel Cell with Flow‐Through Electrodes
Authors: Li Li , Ling Lei , Shan Shuai , Xie Yajun , Zhang Lanchun , Han Bingyuan , Bei Shaoyi , Zheng Keqing , Xu Qiang
Published: November 2022

Nonuniform reaction rate distributions are commonly observed in the microfluidic fuel cell (MFC) systems, which bring a significant limit to the cell output. Herein, systematic analyses are performed to explore the electrochemical reaction rate distributions in the flow‐through electrodes of MFCs, and in‐depth understanding of the distribution mechanisms under various operating conditions is presented via a MFC performance simulation model. The results demonstrate that the high‐reaction‐rate regions locate at the inner parts of the flow‐through electrodes in the high flow rate and high‐reactant concentration cases which are ohmic‐resistance dominated, while moving toward the outer parts of the electrodes with the decreasing of flow rate and/or reactant concentration due to the increased concentration‐related activation resistance. A series of performance enhancement strategies are also proposed and examined. It is found that smaller electrode aspect ratio, reduced electrode distance, excess supporting electrolyte, and larger specific surface area are desirable in the high flow rate and high‐reactant concentration cases, which can boost the cell performances significantly. This work can contribute to the optimal designs of microfluidic fuel cells under various application scenarios in the future.
Enhancement on parallel wall distance calculation methodology for partitioned unstructured grid
Authors: Zhi Haolin , Deng Shuanghou , Xiao Tianhang , Chen Zhaolin
Published: November 2022

Minimum distance to a solid wall is a primary parameter in turbulence models and overset grid assembly for computational fluid dynamics. In present work, a parallel advancing front method is proposed based on partitioned unstructured grids for the sake of further efficient wall distance computation. In order to overcome the inherent problem of conventional advancing front method in parallel environment, a novel “advancing twice and rippling once” strategy is developed to compute wall distance efficiently and further recover the accuracy. Significantly, the established framework is of modular nature to be easily extended to overset grid system for complex multi‐body configurations. The performance of the developed techniques is evidenced by comparison with the existing alternative ways in terms of computing efficiency and accuracy. Subsequently, further case studies are performed to examine its capability to deal with complex engineering applications such as a full transportation, a wing‐store configuration, a helicopter and a F‐16 fighter with onboard payloads. Results show that the proposed advancing front methodology is in practice able to solve extremely complex geometries with both convex and concave shapes with high efficiency and robustness.
Applying the Safe Operating Space (SOS) Approach to Sustainable Commercial Fishing under Varying Lake Levels and Littoral Zone Conditions
Authors: Ofir Eyal , Silver Tal , Steenbeek Jeroen G , Shachar Noam , Gal Gideon
Published: November 2022

Successful management of lake ecosystems and the ecosystem services they provide necessitates ecosystem-based management. The application of ecosystem-based management can assist in achieving sustainable management of the ecosystem to ensure continued and sustainable supply of ecosystem services such as fisheries. One concept for defining sustainable fishing is the Safe Operating Space (SOS). In our study, we apply the Ecopath with Ecosim suite of models to predict the SOS required for the management of a commercial fishery. We use the Lake Kinneret (Israel) ecosystem as a case study to illustrate the approach by developing an Ecospace model of the lake and incorporating the spatio-temporal framework and varying environmental conditions. We test, and demonstrate, the methodology for developing a SOS for a commercial fish population that can be implemented by lake managers elsewhere and illustrate it's use by defining example target values of biomass (e.g., 200 and 250 tons) and catch (e.g., 125 tons/year). Our results show that the SOS for a given target can be defined by a range of fishing efforts and vegetation cover in the lake as a function of lake level. The complexity in defining the actual values highlight the benefit of the approach we present here.
Translating Genetic Discovery into a Mechanistic Understanding of Pediatric Movement Disorders: Lessons from Genetic Dystonias and Related Disorders
Authors: Lin Wei‐Sheng
Published: November 2022

The era of next‐generation sequencing has increased the pace of gene discovery in the field of pediatric movement disorders. Following the identification of novel disease‐causing genes, several studies have aimed to link the molecular and clinical aspects of these disorders. This perspective presents the developing stories of several childhood‐onset movement disorders, including paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, myoclonus‐dystonia syndrome, and other monogenic dystonias. These stories illustrate how gene discovery helps focus the research efforts of scientists trying to understand the mechanisms of disease. The genetic diagnosis of these clinical syndromes also helps clarify the associated phenotypic spectra and aids the search for additional disease‐causing genes. Collectively, the findings of previous studies have led to increased recognition of the role of the cerebellum in the physiology and pathophysiology of motor control—a common theme in many pediatric movement disorders. To fully exploit the genetic information garnered in the clinical and research arenas, it is crucial that corresponding multi‐omics analyses and functional studies also be performed at scale. Hopefully, these integrated efforts will provide us with a more comprehensive understanding of the genetic and neurobiological bases of movement disorders in childhood.
Pregnant individuals' information needs and intention to vaccinate their children with routine and COVID‐19 vaccines: Findings from a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Vasudevan Lavanya , Stinnett Sandra S. , Hart Lauren , Gomez Altamirano Pedro , Gonzalez Angel , Weaver Kristin , Gray Beverly , Bartlett John
Published: November 2022

Objective

The current study assessed pregnant individuals' intention to accept routine and COVID‐19 vaccines for their baby after birth, and to identify key demographic (e.g., age) and nondemographic characteristics (e.g., prior birth) associated with vaccination intention.

Methods

The authors conducted a cross‐sectional survey with pregnant individuals attending prenatal practices affiliated with a large academic medical center and two rural county health departments in the southeastern United States. The survey included 11 questions and was self‐administered by pregnant individuals in clinic settings. The final analysis included responses from 443 pregnant individuals.

Results

Only 67% of pregnant individuals planned to vaccinate their baby with all recommended routine vaccines; an additional 22% reported having questions about recommendations. Only 35% of pregnant individuals said they would vaccinate their baby as soon as possible with a COVID‐19 vaccine. Younger pregnant individuals and those identifying as Black or African American had lower routine and COVID‐19 vaccination intention. Routine vaccination, but not COVID‐19 vaccination intention, was associated with familiarity with routine vaccination schedule, trimester of pregnancy, Hispanic ethnicity, history of prior birth, and having access to a computer.

Conclusion

Study findings support differential tailoring of future interventions targeting pregnant individuals to promote routine and COVID‐19 vaccines for children.
Vaccination in pregnancy: Healthcare provider attitudes and practices
Authors: Rodriguez Gabriella F. , Vilariño Valerie , Agasse Eva , St. Onge Joan E. , Shafazand Shirin , Potter JoNell
Published: November 2022

Objective

To assess provider attitudes and practices regarding vaccination in pregnancy to discern strategies to increase vaccination rates in pregnancy, given that in the USA, various healthcare organizations recommend that pregnant individuals be vaccinated against influenza, pertussis, and SARS‐CoV‐2, but vaccination rates among gravidas remain suboptimal across these vaccines.

Methods

An Institutional Review Board‐approved survey was disseminated to obstetric healthcare providers by email from June through October 2021. Questions assessed provider demographics, attitudes, and practices surrounding vaccination in pregnancy. A total of 192 providers consented, 179 initiated the survey, and 153 completed it entirely. Statistical software (SAS) was used to perform descriptive statistics.

Results

All providers strongly agreed/agreed that all pregnant individuals should receive vaccines in pregnancy. Following patient vaccination consent, 13% reported needing to refer patients to alternative sites for vaccine administration. Following patient vaccination decline, 13% did not determine reasons for refusal, 30% did not re‐counsel at subsequent visits, and 92% did not ask another staff member to counsel the patient.

Conclusion

Despite provider support for maternal immunization, uptake of vaccines in gravidas remains suboptimal, demonstrating a gap between provider recommendations and patient uptake. These data highlight opportunities for intervention regarding counseling and vaccine availability to increase vaccine uptake in pregnancy.
Effects of micro‐nano bubble aerated irrigation and levels of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen accumulation and metabolism in super rice
Authors: Xiao Wei‐hua , Liao Qiong , Fu Jian‐jun , Liu Yan‐ni , Zhang Cui‐ping , Zhang Wen‐ping
Published: November 2022

Micro‐nano bubble aerated irrigation (MNBI) is an innovative technology that generates nano‐diameter bubbles in irrigation water via a micro‐nano bubble device. In this study, pot experiments with three different nitrogen level treatments under conventional irrigation and MNBI were conducted to investigate the effects of MNBI and nitrogen application levels on rice yield, nitrogen accumulation and utilization. The results showed that MNBI promoted rice yields by increasing the seed setting rate compared to conventional irrigation, and nitrogen accumulation was positively correlated with nitrogen application but significantly increased by MNBI due to the increased root growth and activity. Furthermore, the activity of key enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase, significantly increased under MNBI at a nitrogen level of 225 kg ha−1. In conclusion, with the elevation of nitrogen application, MNBI improved rice yields and nitrogen accumulation and utilization, indicating that nitrogen and MNBI synergistically enhanced rice yields. Thus, the results provide the basis for efficient and high‐yielding super rice cultivation.
Similarly low blood metal ion levels at 10‐years follow‐up of total hip arthroplasties with Oxinium, CoCrMo, and stainless steel femoral heads. Data from a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Høl Paul Johan , Hallan Geir , Furnes Ove , Fenstad Anne Marie , Indrekvam Kari , Kadar Thomas
Published: November 2022

The use of inert head materials such as ceramic heads has been proposed as a method of reducing wear and corrosion products from the articulating surfaces in total hip arthroplasty, as well as from the stem‐head taper connection. The aim of the present study was to compare the blood metal ion levels in patients with Oxinium and CoCrMo modular femoral heads, as well as monoblock stainless steel Charnley prostheses at 10 years postoperatively. The 150 patients with osteoarthritis of the hip joint included in a randomized clinical trial were grouped according to femoral head material. One group (n = 30) had received the Charnley monoblock stainless steel stem (DePuy, UK). The other patients (n = 120) received a Spectron EF CoCrMo stem with either a 28 mm CoCrMo or Oxinium modular head (Smith & Nephew, USA). After 10 years, 38 patients had withdrawn, 19 deceased, 7 revised due to aseptic loosening and 5 revised due to infection. The 81 patients with median age of 79 years (70–91) were available for whole blood metal ion analysis. The levels of Co, Cr, Ni and Zr in the blood were generally low with all the head materials (medians <0.3 micrograms/L) and no statistical difference between the groups were found (p = .2–.8). Based on the low blood metal ion values in our study groups, no indication of severe trunnion corrosion in patients with CoCrMo heads was observed, neither was there any beneficial reduction in metal ion exposure with the Oxinium femoral heads.
Which is the best time to perform balloon valvuloplasty in critically fetal aortic stenosis: Prenatally or after birth?
Authors: Rizzo Giuseppe , Pietrolucci Maria Elena , Mappa Ilenia
Published: November 2022

Fetal aortic valvuloplasty may prevent the progression of severe fetal aortic stenosis to hypoplastic left heart syndrome at birth. Since it is an high risk procedure a careful selection of fetuses that can benefit from the prenatal treatment instead of waiting for postnatal intervention.
Pyrolysis‐induced phosphorus transformations for biosolids from diverse sources
Authors: Freitas Andressa Morato , Nair Vimala D. , Harris Willie G. , Mosquera‐Losada Maria Rosa , Ferreiro‐Domínguez Nuria
Published: November 2022

Biosolids have been long used as a soil amendment to promote nutrient recovery. The readily releasable forms of nutrients present in this biowaste, such as phosphorus (P), along with their over application, can be detrimental to the environment, causing eutrophication. Pyrolysis, the thermal decomposition of organic materials at elevated temperature and low oxygen, seems to be a promising strategy to lower P release from biowastes such as biosolids. We pyrolyzed biosolids from various treatments and locations (Florida and Illinois; Galicia, Spain; and São Paulo, Brazil) to convert to biochar. Our objectives were (a) to use solid‐state assessments, such as X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and chemical assessments, such as water‐soluble P (WSP), pH, Mehlich 3‐extractable P (M3‐P), total P (TP), and total Kjeldahl nitrogen, to evaluate changes caused by the conversion and (b) to compare P leaching potentials of biosolids and their corresponding biochars on two soils with varying P retention capacities. Pairwise comparisons indicated that biochar conversion significantly increased TP in the final material, but the absolute WSP decreased. However, M3‐P remained the same after conversion to biochar. Cumulative P leached as a fraction of TP was greater for biosolids than their corresponding biochars. Two soils with contrasting P retention capacities predictably differed in P leaching behaviors as amended with biosolids and biochars. Differences suggest that future research could evaluate the efficacy of using mixtures of biosolids and biochar for a given soil to maintain soil fertility while reducing environmental P loss risk.
MiR‐33‐5p alleviates spinal cord injury in rats and protects PC12 cells from lipopolysaccharide‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Li Zhe , Rong Yan‐Long , Zhang Yuan‐Shi
Published: November 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert critical effects in spinal cord injury (SCI). The miR‐33‐5p level is found to be lower in rats with SCI compared with that in control (untreated) and sham‐operated (laminectomy but no contusion) rats. Therefore, we investigated the biological functions of miR‐33‐5p and related mechanisms in SCI pathogenesis and development. An in vivo SCI model and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced cell model of SCI were established. A downregulated level of miR‐33‐5p in experimental SCI and in LPS‐treated PC12 cells was revealed by reverse transcriptase‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). MiR‐33‐5p upregulation alleviated the leakage of the blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) induced by SCI and improved the neurological functions of SCI rats, as evidenced by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores and Evans blue staining. The regulatory relationship between miR‐33‐5p and Rps6kb1 was verified by luciferase reporter assays, which demonstrated that miR‐33‐5p bound to the Rps6kb1 3′UTR. Moreover, as MTT assays and flow cytometry showed, the suppressive effects of miR‐33‐5p upregulation on cell apoptosis were attenuated by Rps6kb1 upregulation. In conclusion, miR‐33‐5p ameliorates SCI in rats and inhibits the LPS‐induced apoptosis of PC12 cells.
Walking with the ISMRM in the footprints of our MR history
Authors: Mandija Stefano , Ma Chao , Bai Ruiliang , Feng Li , Giganti Francesco , Ianus Andrada , Lee Hong‐Hsi , Li Fei , Welton Thomas , Calamante Fernando
Published: November 2022

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The role of the multidisciplinary team in the management of psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Jadon Deepak R. , Helliwell Philip S.
Published: November 2022

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has a heterogenous clinical phenotype with manifestations in a number of different organs and systems. Whilst PsA is typified by enthesitis, synovitis and psoriasis (skin and nail); innate and adaptive immune system dysfunction often results in concomitant conditions. These include inflammatory bowel disease, uveitis, metabolic syndrome, metabolic bone disease and mental health issues. All of which have the potential to impact on quality of life, daily function, employment, family life and social activities. Through a collection of clinical vignettes, we describe the importance of multi‐disciplinary and multi‐speciality involvement in the care of people with PsA.
Carbon Nanotubes‐Based Nanofluidic Devices: Fabrication, Property and Application
Authors: Zhou Haoyang , Li Weiqi , Yu Ping
Published: November 2022

With the rapid development of nanofluidics, more and more unexpected behaviors and bizarre properties have been discovered, which brings more possibility to solve the water and energy problem. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with nanoscale diameter and ultrasmooth hydrophobic surface provide strong confinement and unusual water‐carbon couple which lead to many exotic properties, such as flow enhancement, strong ion exclusion, ultrafast proton transport and phase transition. This article reviews the recent progresses of CNT‐based nanofluidic devices in fabrication, property, and applications. Moreover, challenges and opportunities of the CNT‐based nanofluidic devices are discussed.
Preparation of Three‐Dimensional Porous Graphene by Hydrothermal and Chemical Reduction with Ascorbic Acid and its Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Liu Hui , Sun Baiqing , Zhu Peiyuan , Liu Chenyu , Zhang Gaimei , Wang Dongdong , Song Xiaoli , Shi Jiazi , Yang Yonggang , Lu Jiandong
Published: November 2022

Three‐dimensional porous graphene (3D‐PG) has attracted much attention due to its excellent electrochemical performance. Chemical reduction is one of common methods for preparing porous graphene. In order to develop a green and facile method for preparing three‐dimensional porous graphene, in this paper, 3D‐PG was fabricated by reduction of graphene oxide (GO) with ascorbic acid (AA) as reductant in hydrothermal condition based on non‐toxic, non‐flammable and mild reducing performance of ascorbic acid. It was found that the size and distribution of pores could be controlled by the reduction time and the concentration of AA in the solution. The pore sizes in R0, R1 and R2 were in the range of 0.5–1 μm, 1–1.5 μm, and 1.5–3 μm, respectively. It was found that the average pore size and volume increased along with the amount of reductants. Under optimal conditions – a reaction time of 20 h and a ratio of GO to AA=1 : 1 – the CV area of the so‐obtained sample R1‐20 at 100 mV was 0.06 and the specific capacitance of the 3D‐PG electrode reaches 153.5 F ⋅ g−1, which is suitable for use in supercapacitors.
Screening and Identification of Natural Product‐Like Compounds as Potential Antibacterial Agents Targeting FemC of Staphylococcus aureus: An in‐Silico Approach
Authors: Dalal Vikram , Kumari Reena
Published: November 2022

FemC is a methicillin resistance factor and regulates the synthesis of peptidoglycan in Staphylococcus aureus. Here, a set of natural product‐like compounds from Enamine and Selleckchem databases were screened at the active site of validated FemC model. Molecules that had interactions and good binding energies with protein were filtered by pharmacokinetic and ADMET properties. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) analysis displayed the identified molecules had stable and static interactions with FemC to form stable FemC‐inhibitor(s) complexes. Molecular Mechanics/Poisson‐Boltzmann Surface Area (MMPBSA) confirmed that identified molecules interacted with S15, M16, S17, R31, R43, Q47, K48, and R49 of FemC and resulted in the formation of lower energy complexes. The current study, hereby, reported the four (S4958 Glycocholic acid, SP‐146, Hupehenine, and Limonin) potent natural product‐like compounds that are required to be validated and may be further utilized to develop novel scaffolds for antimicrobials against S. aureus.
Photocatalytic Production of Oxygen by Nitrogen Doped Graphene Oxide Nanospheres: Synthesized via Bottom‐Up Approach Using Dibenzopyrrole
Authors: Verma Amit Kumar , Tripathi Prerna , Alam Zahoor , Mishra Shiva Kant , Ray Biswajit , Sinha A. S. K. , Singh Shikha
Published: November 2022

In this article, we present the formation of nitrogen (N) doped graphene oxide nanospheres (N‐GONs) and investigate their applicability for photocatalytic water splitting. We chose a simple “bottom‐up” method for synthesizing N‐GONs. Dibenzopyrrole as a basic structural unit was used for constructing N‐GONs. Nitration is an intermediate step, subsequent hydrothermal treatment of nitro derivatives imparted oxygen functionalities, which was well proved via CHNS and XPS analysis. ∼14 % and 39 % of nitrogen and oxygen were present inside N‐GONs. The average size of N‐GONs is in‐between 30–80 nm. N‐GONs typically have a band gap of nearly 2.61 eV. The valance and the conduction bands alignments of N‐GONs w.r.t to standard hydrogen electrode were evaluated through UPS and XPS studies. The alignments were found to be well suited for H2O splitting applications. N‐GONs have n‐type semiconductor features and a charge carrier density of 1.12×1022 cm−3. While studying photocatalytic dissociation of water we identified oxygen as the only product. Significantly, 1 g of N‐GONs produced ∼1.3 mmol of oxygen over the course of 1 h. These backgrounds clearly suggest the possibilities of ongoing oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions simultaneously. No‐significant traces of H2O2 were observed which suggested immediate H2O2 disproportionation to O2 and H2O on N‐GONs. The proposed photocatalytic activity of N‐GONs is also confirmed by RRDE method for ORR catalysis.
Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Mitotic Evaluation of 3‐Amino‐Isoquinolinones as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Abrams Jason N.
Published: November 2022

In this study, a series of N‐(3‐amino‐1‐oxo‐2(1H)‐isoquinolinyl)benzamides and butyramides were designed and synthesized, and several of them showed mitotic therapeutic activity against renal and breast tumors. The most effective compounds were N‐(3‐amino‐1‐oxo‐2(1H)‐isoquinolinyl)benzamides bearing an electron‐withdrawing group on their benzamide moieties. N,N‐Carbonyldiimidazole promotes cross‐coupling between 2‐(cyanomethyl)benzoic acids and commercial acyl hydrazides, followed by intramolecular cyclization to afford these compounds via a two‐stage protocol. This process is enhanced through addition of imidazole ⋅ HCl which serves as a catalyst for the production of the acyl imidazole/imidazolium intermediate through the first stage. Gentle overnight heating at 60 °C after the addition of the acyl hydrazide during the second stage affords a final product that either precipitates from the solution or forms as a pure compound upon addition of a small amount of water.
Dihydrotanshinone I: A Target for STAT3 in the Therapy of Tamoxifen‐Resistant Breast Cancer
Authors: Wo Guanqun , Zhu Zhen , Fang Zheng , Chen Xi , Liang Mingxing , Wang Yalin , Shao Xinyi , Shen Hongyu , Tang Jin‐Hai
Published: November 2022

Breast cancer is the most prevalent tumour in women. Over two‐thirds of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast cancers. These breast cancer patients are prone to tamoxifen resistance during breast cancer treatment. There is still a lack of effective clinical treatment for tamoxifen‐resistant breast cancer. Dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS) promotes various types of apoptosis in tumour cells. Our network pharmacology study revealed that DHTS has a strong binding capacity to STAT3. Tamoxifen‐resistant breast cancers are often accompanied by STAT3 activation. However, there are no reports of DHTS for tamoxifen‐resistant breast cancer. Subsequent in vitro experiments also confirmed that DHTS promoted apoptosis in MCF‐7‐TamR cells, down‐regulated the performance of STAT3, pSTAT3, and BCL‐2, and activated the production of apoptosis‐associated PARP1 and cleaved caspase3. This process could be rescued by overexpression of BCL‐2 downstream of STAT3 and was not rescued by either the cytokine EGF or the cytokine PDGF, which promote STAT3 phosphorylation. We hypothesized that DHTS targeting STAT3 promotes apoptosis in MCF‐7‐TamR cells, mainly by affecting STAT3 phosphorylation. Our research approach described above may provide new ideas for the treatment of tamoxifen‐resistant breast cancer.
Induced Crystallization‐Controllable Nanoarchitectonics of 3D‐Ordered Hierarchical Macroporous Co@N‐Doped Carbon Frameworks for Enhanced Microwave Absorption
Authors: He Peng , Ma Wenjun , Xu Jian , Wei Jie , Liu Xiaoyun , Zuo Peiyuan , Cui Zhong‐Kai , Zhuang Qixin
Published: November 2022

The construction of ordered hierarchical porous structures in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives is highly promising to meet the low‐density and high‐performance demands of microwave absorption materials. However, traditional methods based on sacrificial templates or corrosive agents inevitably suffer from the collapse of the microporous framework and the accumulation of nanoparticles during the carbonization transformation, resulting in the deteriorating impedance match, which greatly limits the incident and attenuation of microwaves. Herein, an induced crystallization and controllable nanoarchitectonics strategy is employed to replace traditional growing‐etching methods and successfully synthesize carbonized 3D‐ordered macroporous Co@N‐doped carbon (3DOM Co@NDC) based on the 3D‐ordered template. The obtained 3D‐ordered macroporous structure ensures the stable growth of hybrid carbon frameworks and CoC nanoparticles without collapse, preserves abundant interfaces for both the incident and attenuation performance, so as to significantly improve the impedance matching and absorption properties compared to conventional MOFs derivatives. The minimum reflection loss of 3DOM Co@NDC is −57.36 dB at the thickness of 1.9 mm, and the effective bandwidth is 7.36 GHz at 1.6 mm. Moreover, the innovative strategy to prepare 3D‐ordered hierarchical macroporous structures opens up a new avenue for advanced MOFs‐derived absorbers with excellent performance.
Phonon Engineering of Micro‐ and Nanophononic Crystals and Acoustic Metamaterials: A Review
Authors: Ma Jihong
Published: November 2022

Phononic crystals (PnCs) and acoustic metamaterials (AMMs) are artificially architected materials endowed with the capabilities of wave manipulation. This review specifically covers the theoretical fundamentals and recent development of PnCs and AMMs at the micro‐ and nanoscales due to their potential significance in modern electronic applications. Similarities and differences in phonon transport at these two scales are discussed. Research gaps between the macro‐ and small‐scale PnC and AMM development are identified from a theoretical point of view. A future outlook is also presented to propose possible applications of micro‐ and nano‐PnCs and AMMs, including advancing quantum information processing technologies, such as quantum computing.
Branching Ionizable Lipids Can Enhance the Stability, Fusogenicity, and Functional Delivery of mRNA
Authors: Hashiba Kazuki , Sato Yusuke , Taguchi Masamitsu , Sakamoto Sachiko , Otsu Ayaka , Maeda Yoshiki , Shishido Takuya , Murakawa Masao , Okazaki Arimichi , Harashima Hideyoshi
Published: November 2022

Ionizable lipids with branched tails have been used in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)‐based messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics like COVID‐19 vaccines. However, due to the limited commercial availability of branched ingredients, a systematic analysis of how the branched tails affect LNP quality has been lacking to date. Herein, α‐branched tail lipids are focused, as they can be synthesized from simple commercially available chemicals, and the length of each chain can be independently controlled. Furthermore, symmetry and total carbon number can be used to describe α‐branched tails, facilitating the design of a systematic lipid library to elucidate “structure–property–function” relationships. Consequently, a lipid library is developed containing 32 different types of α‐branched tails. This library is used to demonstrate that branched chains increase LNP microviscosity and headgroup ionization ability in an acidic environment, which in turn enhances the stability and in vivo efficacy of mRNA‐LNPs. Of the branched lipids, CL4F 8‐6 LNPs carrying Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA could achieve 54% genome editing and 77% protein reduction with a single dose of 2.5 mg kg−1. This mechanism‐based data on branched lipids is expected to provide insights into rational lipid design and effective gene therapy in the future.
Effect in Physical, Thermo‐Mechanical Properties, and In Vitro Starch Digestibility of Extruded and Microwave‐Expanded Snacks—Mixture of Blue Corn, Black Bean, and Chard: An Optimization Study
Authors: Neder‐Suárez David , Lardizábal‐Gutiérrez Daniel , Meléndez‐Pizarro Carmen Oralia , Tabio‐García Danger , Zazueta‐Morales José de Jesús , Rodríguez‐Roque María Janeth , Hernández‐Ochoa León Raúl , Delgado‐Nieblas Carlos Iván , Quintero‐Ramos Armando
Published: November 2022

A mixture of blue corn, black bean, and chard with a moisture content (MC) of 22.3–35.7% is extruded at different extrusion temperatures (ET) (102—142 °C) using screw speeds (SP) of 96–172 rpm, and the extruded mixtures are subsequently expanded using microwave radiation to produce third‐generation (3G) snacks. The degree of starch gelatinization (DG); in vitro starch digestibility (SD); specific mechanical energy (SME); physical properties: radial expansion (RE), flexural modulus (Ef), and bulk density (BD); and rheological properties: storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) are evaluated and optimized. In addition, X‐ray and microstructure analyses are studied to correlate the chemical and structural changes. The SP and MC affect most variables in the unexpanded snack (UETS) and microwave‐expanded snacks (MWES). Increased MC results in UETS with low SD, DG, rheological properties, and mechanical resistance. An increase in SP at low MC results in MWES with high RE, low BD, and Ef while an increase in MC lowers SD. Micrographs and X‐ray diffraction spectra reveals that the extrusion results in a V‐type starch crystalline structure. The optimal conditions (24% MC, 133 rpm, and 122 °C) result in good expansion and moderate SD, DG, and SME products.
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Authors: Yang Dingding , Zhao Yan , Nie Binbin , An Leiting , Wan Xiangdong , Wang Yazhou , Wang Wenting , Cai Guohong , Wu Shengxi
Published: November 2022

The cover image is based on the Advanced Review Progress in magnetic resonance imaging of autism model mice brain by Dingding Yang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1616.

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Introduction: In the Pursuit of Human Flourishing
Authors: Las Heras Mireia , Grau-Grau Marc , Rofcanin Yasin
Published: November 2022

The study of the good life or Eudaimoniahas been a central concern for academics and philosophers, as well as for many people, at least since Aristotelian times. This responds to the common experience that we all seek happiness. Today, we are witnessing a new paradoxical boom. The pursuit of happiness seems to permeate everything (i.e., books, media, organizations, talks), without reducing, or in some cases even increasing, the numbers of suicides, depression, and similar pathological consequences of anxiety and stress.
Travel Literature as an Example of Human Flourishing
Authors: Pérez-Martínez Ángel
Published: November 2022

Travel Literature can be a way of approaching eudaimonia and an interdisciplinary meeting point. When travelling, the individual is exposed to a multiple encounter experience. On the other hand, travelling is an intergenerational experience, and it will be increasingly so. From this perspective, it is possible to enrich studies by focusing on tourism and globalization, but also on relationships with technology. It is also possible, from this angle, to open new ways of developing new narratives that deepen in the encounter with oneself, with other cultures and that define new values in an ethics of human flourishing. The attempt to synthetize Travel Literature, an “elusive genre”, does not only contribute to sort out a tenuous typology, but also evidences the need to keep thinking about two fundamental dimensions of human existence; the dimension of circumstance, and the dimension of imagination.
Antoni Gaudí in Human Flourishing
Authors: Tarragona i Clarasó Josep Maria
Published: November 2022

The great architect Antoni Gaudí i Cornet (1852–1926) is one of the shining lights of humanity on its path to social and individual perfection.

Through his works, his life, and his teaching to his disciples and collaborators, we can easily describe a real form of human flourishing. Millions of people from every corner of the world are interested in the works of Gaudí and the positive impact it has on humanity.

In this chapter, first we discuss human flourishing in the life and the teachings to his disciples of Gaudí, how Antoni Gaudí achieved his own flourishing; secondly, we indagate about how his art works are contributing to the flourishing of millions of human beings and, finally, we illustrate our opinions with three examples of Gaudí’s works which demonstrate to others ways to flourish themselves.
An Affective Neuroscience Perspective on Psychological Flourishing: How the Brain Believes that Things Are Going Well
Authors: Waugh Christian E.
Published: November 2022

To establish a “neuroscience of flourishing” one must first boil down its definition to only feature psychological concepts and then build a definition based on what the brain does. The “trait” perspective treats flourishing as a trait of the person that is reflected by forms of brain structure and/or patterns of neural functioning. The “behavioral” perspective emphasizes the brain as doing the behaviors that flourishing people do. I spend more time fleshing out the “belief” perspective, which is the brain’s representions of ‘having flourishing. In particular, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) forms these flourishing beliefs by generating positive evaluations of life circumstances (e.g., life satisfaction), the self (e.g., self-esteem), relationships (e.g., relationship satisfaction), and goal progress (e.g., purpose). This “belief” neuroscientific perspective on flourishing is parsimonious, helps explain the overlapping yet distinct features of hedonic and eudaimonic flourishing, and forms the basis for neurologically constrained psychological models of flourishing.
Work, Family, and Human Flourishing
Authors: Barraza Maria , Las Heras Mireia , Rofcanin Yasin
Published: November 2022

Work and family are two domains of human life that are closely interconnected. For that reason, job resources can potentially contribute to have a better non-work life domain. The purpose of this research is to study how contextual resources, such as spouse behavior at home, can foster human flourishing through spill crossover, resulting in enriched outcomes in the work and home domain. We explore how support for work received from the spouse can lead to the generation of resources such as creativity, self-efficacy and strategic renewal. This chapter contributes to the work and family literature by introducing the concept of work supportive spouse behavior (WSSB), defined as behaviors exhibited by spouses that are supportive of their partner’s role in the workplace—this concept mirrors the family supportive supervisor behavior (FSSB) that denotes behaviors by supervisors that favor their employees’ role as family members.
Human Flourishing Until the End: The Core Values of Palliative Care
Authors: Rodríguez-Prat Andrea , Monforte-Royo Cristina
Published: November 2022

Human flourishing has been defined as a subjective and holistic sentiment related to growth, prosperity, fulfillment, and sense of life completeness. This definition may lead to think that human flourishing is unique to people living under privileged circumstances of health and well-being, whereas people with life limiting illnesses are deprived from this possibility.

In this paper, we reflect on the idea of human flourishing in the context of palliative care. Although people with advanced illnesses experience in a special manner the limits of human life and vulnerability, and the final stages may inevitably imply considerable suffering, we argue that it is also possible to experience this final stage as an opportunity for personal growth, to live it in full accordance with one's beliefs and values, and to reestablish a profound connection to oneself and to others. In sum, the end of life may also be a time of human flourishing.
Sima Qian and the Way of the Sword in Ancient China
Authors: Mingda Ma
Published: November 2022

The Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji)contains Sima Qian’s views on the Way of the Sword (jiandao), the four martial virtues [faith (xin), integrity (lian), benevolence (ren) and courage (yong)], as well as sword’s practical and moral functions. These are inseparable from the profound swordsmanship tradition of the Sima clan and the veneration of warrior culture in the kingdom of Zhao. The Records of the Grand Historian further presents the community of swordsmen in Warring States China, including such colorful personalities as Nie Zhengand Jing Ke in the Biographies of Assassins, whose contrasting stories Sima Qian uses both to convey their diverse character, and to illustrate jian’s moral ideal.
Archaeometallurgical Investigation on Historical Sword-Making Techniques in Northern Italy Between the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
Authors: Tonelli Gabriele , Faccoli Michela , Gotti Roberto , Cornacchia Giovanna
Published: November 2022

The history of Brescia (Latin Brixia), a city in northern Italy, is characterized by a long manufacturing tradition, in particular the crafting of steel weapons and armor. This was made possible thanks to the availability of iron ore, the great forests from which to obtain charcoal, the numerous streams used as the driving force for power hammers and forges, but most importantly the ingenuity and industry of the people. Beginning in the pre-Roman age, the skills of the masters and craftsmen steadily progressed over the centuries, until Brescia and its vicinity became one of the most important arms production centers in Europe between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries. This paper presents an overview of the weapon manufacturing region of northern Italy, in particular Brescia. Moreover, a metallurgical study performed on an early seventeenth century north Italian “storta” sword has shed light on historical sword-smithing technologies and enabled us to discover the secrets behind the high-quality Italian weapons.
Fourier Interpolation with Zeros of Zeta and L-Functions
Authors: Bondarenko Andriy , Radchenko Danylo , Seip Kristian
Published: November 2022

We construct a large family of Fourier interpolation bases for functions analytic in a strip symmetric about the real line. Interesting examples involve the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function and otherL-functions. We establish a duality principle for Fourier interpolation bases in terms of certain kernels of general Dirichlet series with variable coefficients. Such kernels admit meromorphic continuation, with poles at a sequence dual to the sequence of frequencies of the Dirichlet series, and they satisfy a functional equation. Our construction of concrete bases relies on a strengthening of Knopp’s abundance principle for Dirichlet series with functional equations and a careful analysis of the associated Dirichlet series kernel, with coefficients arising from certain modular integrals for the theta group.