bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Body Mass Index, Triglycerides, and Risk of Acute Pancreatitis: A Population-Based Study of 118 000 Individuals
Authors: Hansen Signe E J , Madsen Christian M , Varbo Anette , Nordestgaard Børge G
Published: October 2019

Objective

The incidence of acute pancreatitis is rising worldwide and currently no curative treatment exists. Clarification of preventable risk factors is important for the reduction of morbidity and mortality from acute pancreatitis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the risk of acute pancreatitis associated with body mass index (BMI) is partly mediated through elevated triglycerides.

Design

We included 118 085 individuals from 2 prospective cohort studies, the Copenhagen City Heart Study and the Copenhagen General Population Study, with BMI measured at baseline. Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was assessed from the national Danish registries, as hospitalization or death due to acute pancreatitis.

Results

Higher BMI was associated with higher risk of acute pancreatitis with a multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of 1.4 (95% CI, 1.1–1.8) for BMI of 25–29.9, 2.1 (1.6–2.9) for BMI of 30–34.9, and 2.8 (1.8–4.3) for BMI > 35, compared with individuals with BMI of 18.5–24.9. Triglycerides mediated 29% (95% CI, 12%–46%; P = 0.001) of the association between BMI and risk of acute pancreatitis in the age- and sex-adjusted model and 22% (6%–39%; P = 0.008) in the multivariable-adjusted model.

Conclusion

Higher BMI is associated with higher risk of acute pancreatitis in individuals from the general population, partly mediated through higher triglycerides. This indicates a potential for preventing acute pancreatitis by reducing BMI and triglycerides in individuals with high values.
Sanctuary’s Radical Networks
Authors: Paik A. Naomi , Ruiz Jason , Schreiber Rebecca M.
Published: October 2019

This editors’ introduction examines the genealogies of sanctuary as a space—and movement-based oppositional practice, one that contests the sovereign power of the nation-state and the structural roots of multiple, intersecting oppressions. Like each contribution to this special issue, the introduction challenges readers to reconsider the meanings and possibilities of sanctuary movements across time and place. It raises contexts and themes that are investigated in the issue’s contributions on the struggles of migrant communities in a context of increasingly militarized borders, Indigenous practices of radical hospitality, GLBTQ spaces of refuge, policing reform efforts, and practices of civil disobedience. This introduction looks to both the history and the radical future of sanctuary.
Tiny Flying Houses and Other Forms of Resistance and Survival
Authors: McIntire Rachel , Duarte Caleb
Published: October 2019

Casitas voladoras (Tiny Flying Houses) is a collaborative sculptural performance with undocumented immigrant day-labor workers from the state of Chiapas, Mexico, living in San Francisco, California, and with the community of El Pital, Honduras. The work focuses on sculptural public interventions as a form of claiming social protection and as a reflection of the New Sanctuary Movement.
The Closing
Authors: Mojaddedi Fatima
Published: October 2019

This essay is an ethnographic analysis of the violent world of translation in Kabul, Afghanistan, and the provinces referred to in the general idiom of “the countryside” by Afghan translators who encounter rural subjects as part of an international military campaign. It begins with the tragedy of translation as an elegiac matter of the heart closing, and it attempts to understand the metaphor of closure alongside that of strangeness and (un)translatability in a series of encounters that take us into the heart of death-dealing and wartime representation as the encounter between foreign languages.
Audit
Authors: Федоренко Илья , Fedorenko Ilya , Золотарева Галина , Zolotaryeva Galina
Published: October 2019

The textbook reveals the theoretical and practical issues of audit as a science and field of activity (practice). The main provisions reflecting preparation and carrying out of audit are systematized. It can be used for independent work of students, questions, tests, situational tasks are given. When developing the textbook, the authors took into account all the recent changes in auditing in Russia. It contains numerous diagrams, drawings, illustrating the theoretical material.
Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation.
It is intended for students of higher educational institutions studying in economic specialties, including bachelors and masters, as well as to assist all students of audit and improve their skills in the field of accounting and auditing.
Modern problems of pedagogy and education
Authors: Турбовской Яков , Turbovskoy Yakov
Published: October 2019

The monograph is the result of the long-term aspiration of the famous teacher-researcher Yakov Turbovsky to solve historically relevant set of fundamental problems from scientific positions and to answer a number of crucial questions for the state, school and family.
A scientist, a public figure, a statesman, the head of the national education and educational institutions, a young and experienced family parent, and, of course, a school teacher will be able to find in the book what excites everyone and can be used in practice, and what can and should become the fundamental basis for the development of national education in modern conditions.
The author of this monograph, reflecting the search for answers to the questions posed by time to the domestic education, not only gratefully respond to each expressed opinion, but also take into account in the future the wishes of readers.
Management in the field of inclusive higher education
Authors: Ашурбеков Рафик , Ashurbekov Rafik , Гимазова Юлия , Gimazova Yuliya , Гришаева Светлана , Grishaeva Svetlana , Колосова Ольга , Kolosova Ol'ga , Лаас Наталья , Laas Natal'ya , Митрофанова Елена , Mitrofanova Elena , Тимохович Александра , Timokhovich Alexandra , Шишкова Анастасия , Shishkova Anastasiya
Published: October 2019

The tutorial discusses the theoretical foundations of management in the field of inclusive higher education, specifics of inclusive higher education as an object of management, management methodology in the field of inclusive higher education and psycho-pedagogical practice in inclusive higher education.
It is intended for students, postgraduates, teachers and University administration staff.
Phenomenon of ethnic diasporas
Authors: Попков Вячеслав , Popkov Vyacheslav
Published: October 2019

The monograph is devoted to the problems of people who find themselves in a different ethnic environment, outside their homeland. On the basis of a detailed review of modern foreign and Russian literature, the author analyzes in detail the most well-known approaches to understanding the Diaspora and offers his own understanding of this phenomenon. Working in a special field-at the intersection of sociology, Ethnology and political science — the author conducts a comparative analysis of Diaspora communities and assesses the prospects for their development in the Russian regions.
Sociologists, ethnologists, psychologists, political scientists, specialists in the field of interethnic interactions.
The book was prepared with financial support from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.
TEACHING NETWORK LEADERSHIP: Using Collaborative Structure and the Remote Associates Test
Authors: Bullington Timothy S. , Alford Wesley A.
Published: October 2019

In this application briefing we describe an inductive learning activity designed for an executive-level leadership development session on leadership networks. We separated participants into nine teams of different sizes and varying access to collaborative networks among the teams. Each team was given the same word association challenge consisting of 25 problems and tasked with getting as many completed and correct as possible. Results showed those with access to collaborative networks were able to complete more of the word association tasks and had more correct word associations. Through this exercise we were able to demonstrate the importance of utilizing social networks for work-related purposes and illustrate the network concepts of isolates, bridges and brokers, and structural holes.
THE MOTIVATION AND INTENT TOWARD LEADERSHIP AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS ENROLLED IN ACADEMIC LEADERSHIP PROGRAMS
Authors: Dunn Allison L. , Odom Summer F.
Published: October 2019

This study examined the motivation and intent towards leadership and entrepreneurship of students enrolled in academic leadership programs. The Entrepreneurship Professional Leadership (ELP) Career Aspiration Survey was completed by undergraduate students (N = 143) enrolled in leadership courses at a large land-grant university. The students had supportive views of both motivation and intent to lead, with a more supportive view of their intent to lead, but had a more neutral stance on their motivation and intent for entrepreneurship. While some students in leadership programs have a desire towards entrepreneurship, it appears most are more interested in and intend to participate in leadership in other capacities after graduation. Contrary to previous research, gender differences with regard to intent toward entrepreneurship was not statistically significant.
Know Thy Self: An Examination Between Individual Core Self-Evaluations and Demographic Characteristics Among Agricultural Leadership Development Program Participants
Authors: Lamm Kevan , “Tina” P. Nhu-Ngoc , Edgar Don , Borron Abigail S. , Lamm Alexa J.
Published: October 2019

Engaging learners is one of the most important responsibilities of an educator. Finding opportunities to connect with individuals in a meaningful way is a powerful tool, particularly for leadership educators. The purpose of the study was to determine whether there were any statistically significant relationships between different demographic groups and core self-evaluations among a sample of adult agricultural leadership development program participants. The results of the study found that gender, educational attainment, and geographic region were not statistically significantly related to core self-evaluations. However, there was a statistically significant difference between groups in both the age and organizational level demographic clusters. A recommendation is for educators to use the findings as a starting point to inform learning interventions and to strive to accommodate the needs of individual learners accordingly.
EXPLORING FACTORS RELATED TO FEEDBACK-SEEKING BY STUDENT LEADERS
Authors: Posner Barry Z.
Published: October 2019

Research in corporate settings has demonstrated the importance of leaders seeking feedback on such dimensions as credibility, effectiveness, engagement, and productivity. This study looked at feedback seeking behavior by student leaders. Explored were the extent to which feedback-seeking impacted how people felt when working with leaders, and how feedback-seeking might be influenced by age, gender, ethnicity, nationality, leadership experiences, and skill levels. Using an archival database, the sample included responses from 91,561 student leaders and observations from 365,747 of their peers. Few substantive differences were found on the basis of demographics, while those with more leadership experiences and skills reported the highest frequency of feedback-seeking behavior. Engagement levels were positively related to the frequency to which leaders sought feedback from others. Implications for future research and suggestions for the development of student leaders are provided.
INVESTING IN CRITICAL LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT WITH UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS: A qualitative examination of a semester-long internship
Authors: Katsioloudes Vicky , Cannonier Nicole
Published: October 2019

The study explored the experiences of undergraduate students during a semester-long, leadership development internship course offered at a large research university in the southern United States. The researchers employed qualitative content analysis to examine sixty-five student internship portfolios and identify the leadership capabilities that students applied and/or developed as part of the internship. Students identified self-awareness, growth, project planning, team management, and adversity management as the main leadership capabilities used during their internship experience. Results also indicated that students expanded their concept of leadership and built leadership self-efficacy. The study provides preliminary support for including a leadership internship within the curriculum to support student leadership development.
LEADERSHIP AND FOLLOWERSHIP BELIEFS OF RESERVE OFFICERS’ TRAINING CORP CADETS
Authors: Estevez Mychel
Published: October 2019

Using interview data from cadets (program participants) in the Reserve Officers’ Training Corp (ROTC), I examined the beliefs cadets have about obedience. I scrutinize their ideas about followership and leadership, adding to the discussion on romance of and ethical followership and demonstrating how many cadets fall somewhere in the middle with their beliefs about the role of their leaders and whether they should question, obey, and/ or disobey unethical or illegal orders.
A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL INVESTIGATING HOW LEADERSHIP CAPACITY MODERATES FAMILY INCOME IN PREDICTING CAMPUS INVOLVEMENT
Authors: Smist Jennifer A. , Rosch David M.
Published: October 2019

Existing leadership research focuses more on single experiences than the sustained application of skills beyond the formal leadership program. Using data from 124 college students who participated in a six-day leadership development program, this study used a four-phase longitudinal approach to examine influences on students’ leadership capacity and campus involvement. Students’ family income was placed in a structural equation model, along with their gender, race, leader self-efficacy, leadership skill, and changes in campus involvement, to determine the degree to which leadership capacity might moderate how family income predicts student campus involvement. Within the comprehensive model, no individual variables significantly predicted changes in campus involvement, suggesting that the leadership program itself exerts more influence in sustained campus involvement than student background, including family income.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS ATRIBUTOS RELACIONADOS À SATISFAÇÃO COM OS SERVIÇOS PRESTADOS POR UMA UAN INSTITUCIONAL: MODELO KANO
Authors: Feitosa Kaliane Da Silva , Luz Leiliane De Sousa , Oliveira Ellaine Santana de , Oliveira Victor Alves de , Sampaio Jessica Pinheiro Mendes , Teixeira Sabrina Almondes
Published: October 2019

Objetivou-se caracterizar os principais atributos ligados à satisfação dos usuários de uma Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição institucional, com base no modelo Kano. Desenvolveu-se um estudo transversal, descritivo, aplicando questionário com questões socioeconômicas e o modelo Kano, com uma população amostral de 330 universitários regularmente matriculados. A amostra teve caráter homogêneo, sendo classificada nas áreas de Humanas, Exatas e Saúde. Percebeu-se que os atributos avaliados dentro do modelo Kano obtiveram resultados “unidimensionais”, trazendo satisfação para os entrevistados em proporção ao seu desempenho. Caso não estivesse presente, resultaria em insatisfação, exceto o atributo “atendimento”, que foi classificado como “atrativo”, poisquanto melhor os usuários fossem atendidos, maior a satisfação. Assim, conclui-se que, o modelo Kano mostrou-se eficiente para avaliar a qualidade na prestação de serviços sem fins lucrativos. E ainda, é possível verificar os principais atributos que impactam na satisfação, priorizando-seassim os ajustes para suas melhorias.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2019.37662
Impacto das tecnologias inovadoras na vida de diabéticos adultos: revisão integrativa
Authors: Souza Rodrigo Domingos de , Ferreira Júnior Marcos Antonio , Ikeda Leandro Hisao Modesto , Loureiro Marisa Dias Rolan , Reis Maria Gorette dos , Frota Oleci Pereira
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: revisar artigos de pesquisa visando a análise do impacto de tecnologias inovadoras na vida de diabéticos adultos. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de produção levantada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science, Springer Link e bibliotecas eletrônicas SciELO e PubMed. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados, em Português, Inglês ou Espanhol, entre 2012 e 2016. Resultados: Identificaram-se 669 publicações, das quais 12 compuseram a amostra. Identificaram-se 11 tecnologias distintas, que envolveram desde a utilização de aplicativos para smartphones, farmacoterapias, dispositivos de monitorização até intervenções especializadas. A maioria impactou positivamente na vida dos diabéticos para o controle metabólico eficaz e dos níveis de Hemoglobina Glicada, redução de episódios de hiper/hipoglicemia, maior adesão ao tratamento, entre outros, enquanto apenas uma apresentou aspectos desfavoráveis. Conclusão: há a necessidade de aprimoramento das tecnologias, bem como realização de estudos com desenhos de pesquisa de maior acurácia e com métodos mais robustos de investigação.
Acolhimento e cuidado à pessoa em uso problemático de drogas
Authors: Carvalho Maria de Fátima Alves Aguiar , Coelho Edméia De Almeida Cardoso , Oliveira Jeane Freitas de , Freire Ana Karla Da Silva , Barros Andiara Rodrigues , Luz Rosália Teixeira
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: analisar práticas de acolhimento na atenção à pessoa em uso problemático de drogas sob o enfoque da integralidade. Método: estudo qualitativo, tendo integralidade como categoria analítica, realizado com 14 usuários e nove profissionais de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial em 2015, Pernambuco/Brasil. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. O material empírico foi produzido por meio de quatro oficinas de reflexão e analisado pela técnica de análise de discurso. Resultados: os discursos de usuários do serviço e de profissionais convergem para práticas de cuidado acolhedoras, capazes de construir relações de confiança e vínculos consistentes, facilitando processos terapêuticos caracterizados pelos dois grupos como resolutivos. Conclusão: O cuidado prestado a pessoas em uso problemático de drogas caminha ao encontro da integralidade, com práticas de acolhimento qualificadas como dialógicas, afetivas e potencial para resolutividade em um contexto favorável à autonomia e ao fortalecimento da cidadania.
Desafios de familiares no cuidado domiciliar da criança em uso de cânula de traqueostomia
Authors: Bossa Priscila Machado de Araújo , Pacheco Sandra Teixeira de Araújo , Araújo Bárbara Bertolossi Marta de , Nunes Michelle Darezzo Rodrigues , Silva Liliane Faria da , Cardoso Juliana Maria Rêgo Maciel
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: descrever os desafios enfrentados por familiares para cuidar da criança com traqueostomia no domicílio. Método: pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa, desenvolvida através da análise de conteúdo, pela perspectiva do referencial teórico de Collière. Foram entrevistados oito familiares de crianças com traqueostomia, na faixa etária entre 3 e 9 anos acompanhadas em um ambulatório pediátrico no município do Rio de Janeiro, no período de janeiro a maio de 2016. Resultados: os desafios envolveram principalmente o enfrentamento da nova realidade, as novas demandas de cuidado, a dificuldade com a aquisição de materiais e a limitação no convívio social da criança.  Para superar as dificuldades os familiares cuidadores reinventam as estratégias de cuidado a fim de preservar a vida. Conclusão:  foram identificadas condutas que oferecem risco à saúde dessas crianças, apontando a necessidade de instrumentalizar as práticas dos familiares para a manutenção adequada e segura das vias aéreas no ambiente domiciliar.
Challenges in the use of corticosteroids in the management of autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Chapman Roger W , Aspinall Richard J , Trivedi Palak , Wright Gavin , Heneghan Michael
Published: October 2019

Autoimmune hepatitis is widely assumed by health-care professionals to be a disease that is easily controlled through the use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants but recent studies in the UK indicate highly variable treatment regimens and often unsatisfactory treatment outcomes, such as dependence on long-term high-dose steroids and ongoing need for liver transplantation in some cases. The therapeutic use of the systemically acting corticosteroid prednisolone results in unacceptable side effects in many patients. Recent evidence suggests that it is not always necessary to use high-dose steroids (>0.5 mg/kg/d) to attain remission; and side effects may also be minimised through more targeted therapy with the less systemically-absorbed corticosteroid, budesonide. The authors offer advice on the stratification of treatment for these patients and suggest changes to improve the services available for people with autoimmune hepatitis in the UK.
Mapping transactional analysis to clinical leadership models
Authors: Thiagarajan Prarthana , McKimm Judy
Published: October 2019

Leaders in today's NHS face the unenviable task of reconciling rising demand, frozen resource allocation and increasing accountability. As the NHS itself stands at the nexus of an unstable political and socioeconomic landscape, its future success relies largely on its ability to nurture excellence, to encourage open communication within and across health-care teams, and to inspire its workforce through exemplary leadership and followership. Key to these endeavours are clinicians on the ‘shop floor’, whose daily interactions with patients and staff help to shape prevailing culture and drive progress through quality improvement and leadership initiatives. This article considers how transactional analysis can be incorporated into professional development to help doctors develop insight into and optimize the use of different communication styles. The authors propose that a working knowledge of the transactional analysis ego state model can enhance effective communication, leadership and followership within and across health-care teams, with a view to optimizing patient outcomes and workforce interactions.
Is surgery more about doing than thinking?
Authors: Mukherjee Soumya , Meacock James , Chumas Paul
Published: October 2019

Detailed thought, knowledge, complex analysis, reasoned judgment and professionalism all fundamentally underpin a surgeon's work and training, yet there is a popularly held view that accomplished surgeons are primarily concerned with performing procedures. A review of pedagogical, social and medical literature, together with personal reflections from the authors, shows that a surgeon's work is multi-faceted. This article discusses the technical skills of operating as a reflection of the ‘tip of the iceberg’ of a surgeon's cognition, the increasingly multidisciplinary strategic approach of surgeons today, the importance of surgical decision making, the influence of robotics, the role of non-medically trained staff, surgeons' role in postoperative care, adaptive expertise and the formation of professional identity. In so doing, a much wider view of a surgeon than simply ‘doing’ or ‘thinking’ is presented with implications for surgical training.
Microneedling: can you puncture your way to pretty skin?
Authors: Miller Amy
Published: October 2019

Microneedling is a procedure that uses fine, sterile needles to puncture the skin to different depths. Inducing the wound-healing cascade in this way helps stimulate collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycan production and thus improve the quality and appearance of the skin. Microneedling has been shown to be a safe and efficacious treatment for a number of medical and aesthetic concerns. This article reviews the physiology, protocols and applications of microneedling in the aesthetic medical arena, as well as the reported side effects and adverse reactions.
A helping hand in aesthetic challenges: professional practice and overcoming hurdles
Authors: Amrani Clare
Published: October 2019

It is no secret that running a private aesthetic clinic can be a lonely business. The BACN's Clare Amrani expands on the association's values and its mission to make aesthetic practice safer for all involved
The firm hand of the law: ensuring compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation
Authors: Bernstein Adam , Johnson Carl
Published: October 2019

Data compliance is a mandatory task that carries with it harsh penalties for breaches. Adam Bernstein, in collaboration with Carl Johnson, explains why clinics need to pay attention to the new laws in place
Primary failure of eruption – a review and case report
Authors: Marlow Benjamin , Parker Kate , Hodges Samantha
Published: October 2019

Partial or complete failure of tooth eruption may be due to several causes, including primary failure of eruption (PFE), and an accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate management. This article reviews PFE and the possible treatment options. Case reports of two patients diagnosed with PFE are presented and their management discussed.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Primary failure of eruption can be difficult to diagnose and differentiate from other causes of failure of eruption. This paper highlights the clinical presentation of PFE through a review of the literature and by illustration with two clinical cases.
Inulin might exceed incretin based drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wassef Girgiss Mina , Girgiss Nicola Wassef , Mohamed Ezz El-Arab Aly , Fakhry Habib Dawoud , Mohamed Ahmed Nadia , Refaat Youness Eman
Published: October 2019

Glucagon hormone being catabolic and hyperglycemic, it acts in an opposite manner to insulin and adds to insulin resistance. The oligosaccharide inulin fructans is indigestible in the small bowel. When it reaches the large intestine, it encourages beneficial microbacteria strains. These latter produce certain peptides which when absorbed they reach the endlocrine L-cells of the small gut. These peptides stimulate L-cells to release glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) which suppresses glucagon and stimulates insulin secretion in a glucose dependant manner. Our aim is to find how inulin suppresses glucagon and to what extent this improves insulin resistance. Fasting serum glucagon and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were estimated in 28 type 2 diabetic female patients before and after twenty one days of daily inulin intake. Fasting serum glucagon and HOMA-IR decreased significantly after the inulin intake period. In conclusion inulin stimulates the release of GLP-1. This acts in a glucose dependant manner thus simulating the novel incretin based drugs in reducing insulin resistance. However, owing to inulin other actions on insulin resistance, it might exceed these novel drugs.
A critique of climate change mitigation policy
Authors: Somerville Peter
Published: October 2019

Global institutions and national governments have failed to provide effective policy guidance or leadership on tackling climate change. The extraction and combustion of fossil fuels continues apace, resulting in continual rising of greenhouse gas emissions, which pose a threat to all life on earth. However, the global climate regime continues to underestimate the need for immediate, radical and powerful action. Dominant framings of the problem continue to emphasise behaviour change rather than system change, and fail to challenge the power of fossil-fuel capital. This failure makes it difficult to be optimistic about the future but there may be hope in a new kind of politics based on non-violent direct action and mass civil disobedience. This form of action is directed at delegitimising fossil fuels and stopping their extraction, and acting as a ‘radical flank’ in positively influencing political decision-making towards a democratically agreed just transition.
Young Children’s Understanding of Fluid Intake.
Authors: Williamson Josh , Howells Kristy
Published: October 2019

Background
Coppinger and Howells’ (2019) previously completed an International comparison between primary schools in Ireland and England focusing on children’s understanding of fluid intake. They identified that children under 11 years did not understand the amount of fluid they need each day for good health. Within their sample there was only a limited number of children who were aged 4 – 5 years. This research focuses on this particular age phase and further questions if young children understand fluid intake.

Methods
130 children (63 boys and 67 girls, of which 83 were aged 4 and 47 were aged 5) from 4 elementary schools in the South East of England were questioned between January and April 2019 using an adapted version of Coppinger and Howells’ (2019) questionnaire on their understanding of fluid intake and how much they perceived they drank and who supported them in prompting them when to drink. The adaptions were to ensure the questionnaire was age appropriate for younger age range, and included physical visual representations to aid question comprehension.

Results
46.9% of children felt they consumed 500ml or under a day. Only 39.6% responded that they were supported by the teacher, also when children were thirsty, if given the option of playing or stopping rehydration and then playing 33.8% would continue to play without drinking.

Conclusion
Young children in England do not understand fluid recommendations, they were not supported within the school setting by their teacher and more effective resources and strategies are needed to support children’s knowledge.
Placebo Response in Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nee Judy , Sugarman Michael A. , Ballou Sarah , Katon Jesse , Rangan Vikram , Singh Prashant , Zubiago Julia , Kaptchuk Ted J. , Lembo Anthony
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC), like other functional gastrointestinal disorders, has been associated with a high placebo response rate. However, the placebo response in randomized controlled trials has not been described.

METHODS:

We conducted a search of the medical literature following the protocol outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement using MEDLINE, EMBASE and EMBASE Classic, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for all drugs used for the treatment of CIC. Two independent reviewers performed eligibility assessment and data extraction. The mean response rate was examined for the following 2 responder endpoints: (i) greater than or equal to 3 complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs)/wk (≥3 CSBMs/wk responders) and (ii) mean increase of ≥1 CSBM/wk compared with baseline (increase in ≥1 CSBM/wk responders).

RESULTS:

A total of 23 placebo-controlled trials met our inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The placebo response in CIC trials ranged from 4% to 44%. The magnitude of the placebo response was 13% (95% confidence interval 11%–16%) with the ≥3 CSBM/wk responder endpoint and 28% (95% confidence interval 21%–30%) with the increase of ≥1 in the CSBM responder endpoint. Higher baseline CSBM, older age, and trials with more male participants were significantly associated with a stronger placebo response for both the ≥3 CSBMs/wk endpoint and increase in the ≥1 CSBM/wk endpoint. Trial characteristics such as location (Europe vs Asia/United States) and laxative class (prokinetic vs secretagogue) revealed key differences in the placebo response for both endpoints. The placebo response was not significantly affected by the number of study visits, study duration, year of publication, number of drop outs, or likelihood of receiving active drug.

DISCUSSION:

The placebo response in CIC trials ranges from 4% to 44% depending on the endpoint. Modifying factors of the placebo response include multiple subject and trial characteristics.
Acute metabolic decompensation in diabetes mellitus (lecture)
Authors: Starostina E. G.
Published: October 2019

The treatment of acute metabolic decompensation in diabetes mellitus (DM), especially its extreme manifestations - diabetic com - still presents significant difficulties for many endocrinologists, resuscitators and other doctors, although in practice they often have to deal with this. In the scope of this lecture, we are not able to dwell in detail on the pathogenesis, biochemical and clinical features of acute diabetic decompensation of metabolism, therefore, it will mainly examine the most important principles of its treatment and the most frequently encountered diagnostic and tactical errors.
Hormonal and metabolic disturbances and their correction in children with obesity
Authors: Bolotova N. V. , Averyanov A. P. , Lazebnikova S. V. , Dronova Ye. G.
Published: October 2019

The paper deals with the prevalence and specific features of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in children with different forms of obesity and with the capacities of its correction. Ninety-eight children aged 9-17years, including 44 children with exogenous constitutional obesity and 54 with pubertal juvenile dyspituitarism, were examined. For the diagnosis of MS, clinical exami­nations methods were used. These included: estimation of the body mass index, circumferences of the waist and hips, their ra­tio, the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, coagulogram, fasting insulin, the routine glucose tolerance test, and fasting glucose/insulin ratio. The incidence of MS in obese children was 42.9%. A combination of 5 components of MS, such as in­sulin resistence, abdominal obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperco- agulative changes, and aterial hypertension, was noted in 23.8% of the children and that of 4 and 3 (incomplete MS) components in different combinations was in 52.4 and 23.8%, respectively.

The combined therapy low-calorie diet and metformin (Siofor, Berlin-Chemie) was used to correct the metabolic disturbances detected in 28 children aged above 13 years. The use of Siofor in children with MS, unlike dietary monotherapy, substantially improved the values of total cholesterol, fibrinogen, and blood pressure and normalized a response to glycemic load in most patients
Efficiency of iodine deficiency prevention in Moscow in case of SouthWestern Administrative Okrug
Authors: Okminyan G. F. , Samsonova L. N. , Pykov M. I. , Kurtseva T. G. , Veldanova M. V. , Antsiferov M. B. , Sapelnikova V. A. , Patoka N. A. , Yakovleva N. V. , Kasatkina E. P.
Published: October 2019

The paper deals with the remonitoring of goiter endemia and the evaluation of the efficiency of iodine deficiency prevention in the South- Western Administrative Okrug of Moscow. This paper us­es the data available in the literature and the authors ’ own data obtained in the examination of 514pupils aged 6-12 years. Rou­tine monitoring methods, such as thyroid palpation and ultra­sonography, determination of neonatal thyroid-stimulating hor­mone levels, ioduria median, and the incidence of decreased uri­nary iodine excretion), were used as indicators of goiter endemia and iodine provision. The iodine prevention programme imple­mented in Moscow since 1997 has been found to be rather ef­fective and to lower the strain of goiter endemia in the city; how­ever, it failed to eliminate it completely. The reasons reducing the efficiency of iodine prevention were identified. These included: the short time and difficulties of the initial stage of iodine pre­vention and/or the involvement of other strumogenic environ­mental factors in the formation of goiter endemia in Moscow.
A new soluble formulation of the human recombinant growth hormone "Norditropin Simplex": Results of a clinical study of children and adolescents with somatotropic deficiency in Russia
Authors: Dedov I. I. , Peterkova V. A. , Fofanova O. V. , Goncharov N. P.
Published: October 2019

Two formulations of the human recombinant growth hormone Norditropin (Novo Nordisk, Denmark), namely the liquid dos­age form Norditropin Simplex and the lyophilized dosage form Norditropin PenSet, by using 2 different pen-syringe systems (NordiPen and Nordiject, respectively) were studied in an open randomized crossover study of children with somatotropic defi­ciency. The new soluble formulation of growth hormone Nord­itropin Simplex was developed due to a need for a liquid, stable dosage form that requires no mixing and permits simple and easy- to-use daily injections. Norditropin Simplex is the first liquid growth hormone drug in a milligram dose, which meets the new WHO standards and the European Pharmacopoeia. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the capacities of the new liquid growth hormone formulation Norditropin Simplex, which re­quires no mixing, the pen-syringe NordiPen versus the lyophi­lized growth hormone formulation Norditropin PenSet and the pen-syringe Nordiject in children with somatotropic deficiency. The efficiency and safety of Norditropin Simplex used in the study group of children were also evaluated. Eleven patients with somatotropic deficiency received daily injections of Norditropin Simplex, 5 mg/10 mg, or Norditropin PenSet 12 for 6 weeks, the drug being replacedfor the following 6 weeks. Following 12 weeks of therapy, the preference of one formulation to the other was as­sessed by a questionnaire filled in by a patient or his/her parents. The patients who preferred Norditropin Simplex received an ad­ditional treatment with this drug for as long as 21 months. Ten of the 11 patients noted the advantage of Norditropin Simplex and Nordi pen over Norditropin PenSet and Nordiject continued treatment with the former drug for as long as 21 months. One pa­tient found no significant differences in the use of both dosage forms, but he preferred to continue therapy with Norditropin Sim­plex after a 12-week comparison period. Norditropin Simplex was ascertained to show a high growth-stimulating effect and safety, painless injections, and the easiness of using the pen-sy­ringe NordiPen in children and adolescents with somatotropic deficiency.
The first experience of laser spectroscopy in the surgical treatment of thyroid diseases
Authors: Vetshev P. S. , Chilingaridi K. E. , Ippolitov L. I. , Harnas S. S. , Loshchenov V. B. , Gabaidze D. I. , Duplik A. Yu.
Published: October 2019

For assessing the efficacy of intraoperative laser autofluorescent spectroscopy (IOLAS), 46 patients with thyroid diseases of different etiology are examined. The patients ’ aged varied from 30 to 65 years. The following morphological types of diseases were observed: benign nodular formations in 42 patients, thyroid cancer in 4, papillary TINO MO in 2, and follicular cancer TINO MO in 2 cases. Out of benign formations, 36 were multinodular colloid goiter and 6 follicle-cell adenomas. As a result of using IOLAS, thyroid cancer was diagnosed during surgery in 8 (17.4%) out of 36 patients with multinodular colloid goiter; this diagnosis necessitated more extensive intervention than was planned: subtotal resection had to be extended to thyroidectomy. In all the cases IOLAS data were confirmed by urgent and later planned histological analyses. Due to this method, no reoperations were needed, which previously had to be performed because of the data of planned histological analysis, and therefore, the probable complications of reoperations were prevented. Our data indicate that IOLAS more accurately identifies the type and morphology of thyroid involvement and helps choose adequate volume of intervention. The first experience with laser fluorescent study as optic biopsy holds good promise as regards improvement of intraoperative rapid diagnosis of thyroid diseases.
Diagnostic possibilities for autoimmune thyroiditis using non-invasive determination of intrathyroid iodine concentration in children
Authors: Vasilevskaya I. A. , Tomashevsky I. O.
Published: October 2019

Sixty-seven children (55 girls and 12 boys) aged 5-16 years were examined. Autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) was diagnosed in 28 and diffuse nontoxic goiter (DNG) in 39. The diseases were diagnosed on the basis of case history, results of examination and palpation of the thyroid, ultrasonic findings, presence of antibodies to thyroglobulin (in AT) or their absence (in DNG), and the microsomal fraction detected by enzyme immunoassay using Boehringer Mannheim kits. AT diagnosis was confirmed cytomorphologically in all patients. Intrathyroid stable iodine (ISI) was measured by a Russian noninvasive x-ray fluorescent analyzer. ISI concentration was notably decreased in children with autoimmune thyroiditis confirmed by cytomorphological methods: below the threshold level of the method in 46%) cases and 120±10 mcg/g in 54%). This confirms a high informative value of the proposed method in this disease. Measurements of ISI in children with enlarged thyroid helps differentiate the hypertrophic form of AT from DNG: ISI concentration under 200 mcg/g is characteristic of AT, while in DNG the concentration of ISI in Moscow children is 500±40 mcg/g (M±m).
Neonatal iodine provision under the conditions of natural goiter endemia
Authors: Taranushenko T. Ye. , Shcheplyagina L. A. , Trifonova I. Yu.
Published: October 2019

Dietary iodine intake values in early neonatality were studied. The actual iodine intake with maternal colostrum averaged 5.1±0.3 µg/day (the recommended daily dietary iodine allowance being 8.3±0.1 µg/day). The calculated neonatal iodine provision value (61.7%) estimated as an actual and recommended dietary iodine intake ratio was additional evidence for low iodine provision in early neonatality. The daily collostrial iodine intake may be regarded as adequate only in 7.7% of the neonatal infants, in 92.3% of the examinees, iodine intake was insufficient. The degree of decreased iodine intake was varying; an important point is that in 28.8% of the neonates, the daily amount of ingested iodine was less than 50% of the recommended allowance.
Evaluation of the growth-regulating system and use the recombinant growth hormone (genotropin) in children with rheumatic diseases and growth impairments on long-term glucocorticosteroid therapy
Authors: Sharova A. A. , Volevodz N. N. , Peterkova V. A.
Published: October 2019

The paper presents the results of an investigation of the growth - regulating system (STH - insulin-like growth factor 1 - peripheral tissues) in 39 children with rheumatic diseases on longterm continuous glucocorticosteroid therapy. Of them, 6 patients received recombinant growth hormone (R-GH) (Genotropin) for correction of steroidal growth retardation. Twelve-month r-GH therapy made it possible not only to accelerate growth rates, but contributed to diminished manifestations of drug-induced hypercorticism without exerting a significant impact in the course of the underlying disease.
Recurrent pheochromocytoma in a female patient with type IIa multiple endocrine neoplasia
Authors: Kuznetsov N. S. , Beltsevich D. G. , Kuratev L. V. , Lysenko M. A. , Smorshchok V. N.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to recurrent pheochromocytoma in a female patient with type IIa multiple endocrine neoplasia
Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of textured soy products in the diet therapy of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Meshcheryakova V. A. , Sharafetdinov Kh. Kh. , Plotnikova O. A. , Yatsyshina T. A.
Published: October 2019

Therapeutic efficacy of diets including texturated soybean products (TSP) is assessed in 30 inpatients with non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), followed up for 28 days. TSP were well tolerated and caused no side effects. Addition of TSP to the traditional diet no. 9 improved the efficacy of correction of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders in patients with NIDDM. Increased level of uric acid in the serum, observed during daily consumption of TSP for 2 weeks, requires monitoring of its levels in NIDDM patients with concomitant hyperuricaemia and gout.
Evaluation of insulin resistance in children and adolescents with obesity
Authors: Borodina O. V , Odud Ye. A. , Timofeyev A. V. , Zhuleva L. Yu. , Kasatkina E. P.
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the study was to compare the clinical significance of two parameters of insulin resistance (HOMAR and ISI) in children and adolescents with obesity. Sixty-six children and adolescents aged 11-16 years, including 48 individuals with obesity and 18 healthy individuals, were examined. Anthropometric indices, the time course of changes in the concentrations of insulin and glucose during a three-hour oral glucose test, and the fasting serum concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, high- and low- density lipoproteins, and leptin were determined. The evaluation of the clinical significance of HOMAR and ISI consisted of three stages. A relationship between HOMAR and ISI to the most studied risk factors of insulin resistance (IR), such as obesity and the pattern of fatty tissue distribution, was studied at the first stage. Correlations of HOMAR and ISI with the anthropometric obesity indices and hormonal and metabolic parameters whose impairment is pathognomonic for IR were determined at the second stage. The spread of IR-associated disorders in children and adolescents with normal and abnormal HOMAR and ISI were compared at the third stage. The analysis has indicated that in obese children and adolescents, HOMAR is higher and ISI is lower than those in normally weighing children and adolescents of the same age, the value of ISI being inversely proportional to the excess of fatty tissue. It has been found that ISI is more closely related with the anthropometric and hormonometabolic signs of IR than HOMAR. The findings have led to the conclusion that in children and adolescents with obesity, a decrease in ISI is a more significant indicator of IR than an increase in HOMAR.
Modern concepts on the molecular mechanisms of sulfonylurea effect on KITP channels
Authors: Ashcroft F. М. , Reimann F.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the review of the modern concepts on the molecular mechanisms of sulfonylurea effect on KITP channels.
Epidemiology of impaired glucose tolerance
Authors: Suntsov Yu. I. , Kudryakova S. V.
Published: October 2019

In 1980, the WHO Expert Committee on Diabetes Mellitus (DM) proposed a new classification of diabetes. In it, impaired glucose tolerance (NTG) was identified as an independent clinical class. This was due to the following: diabetes, primarily non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM), as a rule, develops gradually, and several stages can be distinguished in its development [35, 55]. The first of them, according to many experts, is NTG.
Andrei Semenovich Efimov (on the occasion of his 70th birthday)
Authors: Problem of Endocrinology Editorial Board
Published: October 2019

70 years have passed since the birth of Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences and National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, laureate of the State Prize of the Ukrainian SSR, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine, Professor Andrei Semenovich Efimov.
Implanted fertilized egg and maternal organism
Authors: Giudice Linda S.
Published: October 2019

The symbiotic relationship between the mother and the fertilized egg is a continuous connection on which the continuation of the species depends. The most important goal of an implanting embryo is to attach to the maternal endometrium and then introduce it. Thus, he provides for himself a safe place for the next 9 months and access to the nutrients necessary for his existence and continued growth.
Miracle or myth? (Melatonin research)
Authors: Arendt J.
Published: October 2019

Perhaps more is said about melatonin today than about any other hormone. He is considered almost a panacea for all diseases, a source of youth; in terms of US sales, it currently competes with vitamin C and aspirin. Unfortunately, the role of melatonin is excessively exaggerated, and the claims are largely unfounded or supported only by data obtained in animal experiments [1, 2]. To clarify the mechanism of action of this hormone and its relationship with physiological chronobiology, much more research is needed. In particular, it remains to be determined the most optimal time of appointment and dosage of melatonin for people, allowing to achieve the maximum effect of this drug on the circadian rhythm of a person and on many functions dependent on it.