bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics related to lifestyle in elderly patients in a Health Center of the Andes in Peru
Authors: Vela-Ruiz José M. , Medina-Rojas Katherine , Machón-Cosme Andrea , Turpo Delcy , Saenz-Vasquez Luis A. , Quiñones-Laveriano Dante M.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: A correct lifestyle is vital in older adults to reduce their risk of diseases and loss of functionality. Objective: To determine the lifestyles of elderly patients in a Health Center in the Peruvian Andes. Method: Observational, descriptive study with elderly patients from a health center. We worked with a previously collected database. Descriptive statistics were used. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Results: Of the 74 patients evaluated, the mean age was 75.4 years and 52% were females. The mean BMI was 24.8 kg / m2 and that of the abdominal circumference was 86.8 cm. 32.7% had a visual acuity of 70 in the right eye and 36.4% of 50 in the left eye. Glucose (mg / dL), hemoglobin (g / dL) and uric acid (mg / dL) had a median of 97, 15.4 and 7; respectively. Triglycerides and cholesterol had a mean of 182.2 mg / dL and 189.9 mg / dL; respectively. 5.4% of men had reactive PSA. 4% had diabetes, 21.6% hypertension, and 22.2% anemia; while 70.3% consumed alcohol, 6.8% smoked and 89.2% consumed soda. Conclusions: Some indicators of poor lifestyle were found, such as the consumption of alcohol and soft drinks, as well as indicators of conditions related to a poor lifestyle such as an average BMI close to being overweight, high triglycerides and cholesterol.
Immersion program in Lifestyle Medicine and its effects on cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Ballone Abigail
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality by COVID-19. Lifestyle Medicine immersion programs consist of a residential internship that performs a multidisciplinary professional follow-up. Objective: To evaluate the effect of the residential lifestyle medicine program on risk factors for cardiovascular disease: weight, blood pressure and glycemia. Methods: Longitudinal, comparative study, with intervention of a Lifestyle Medicine Program. Retrospective data from 2019-2021 of patients who had completed the intervention for 14 days were used. This consisted of a comprehensive follow-up: medical, nutritional, psychological, physical and spiritual of the patients. Results: Of the 53 patients evaluated, 26 underwent the intervention before the pandemic, who were hospitalized with the main reason for weight loss 34.62%. Of the patients who underwent the intervention within the pandemic (N=27), the main reason for hospitalization was for treatment of chronic diseases 33.33%. Glycemia: Initial M=186.64, SD=81.73; Final M=119.93, SD=35.02. Mean reduction of 66.71 mg/dl, statistically significant (t=4.3460, p=0.0008). SBP: Initial M=127.76, SD=16.36; Final M=115.21, SD=14.87. Mean reduction of 12.55 mmHg, statistically significant (t=4.7048, p=0.0001). Conclusions: The effect of the intervention was significant in the cardiovascular risk factors evaluated: weight, glycemia and systolic blood pressure. It was possible to reduce the risk factors for cardiovascular disease with intensive lifestyle changes. In times of pandemic, the relevance of lifestyle medicine intervention is emphasized.
Unruptured cerebral aneurysms with the segmental duplicated middle cerebral artery formed a fenestrated structure at origin
Authors: Shiozaki Eri , Kawahara Ichiro , Uchida Daiki , Morofuji Yoichi , Ono Tomonori , Haraguchi Wataru , Honda Kazuya , Moritsuka Tomoya , Tsutsumi Keisuke
Published: January 2022

Background:

Middle cerebral artery (MCA) has a significantly lower incidence of anatomical variations than other intracranial arteries. We present an extremely rare case of unruptured aneurysms with the segmental duplicated MCA (d-MCA) formed a fenestrated structure at origin.

Case Description:

A 55-year-old female underwent direct surgery for the unruptured aneurysms at the top of the right internal cerebral artery with d-MCA. The d-MCA branches separated at the right internal cerebral artery top and had comparable with that of the main MCA trunk. Moreover, there was an anastomosis between the d-MCA branches. We diagnosed this anastomosis as segmental d-MCA. Two aneurysmal domes were identified during surgery at the origin of the d-MCA, which the main dome protruding backward was wide necked and another small one was collapsed or thrombosed protruding forward. We used a fenestrated clip for the posterior projecting dome, and the aneurysms were successfully obliterated.

Conclusion:

Although cerebral aneurysms associated with d-MCA are rare, there are technical difficulties in the surgical management. A fenestrated clip might be most reasonable to obtain patency of the parent arteries for the posterior projecting aneurysms if the perforators can be avoided.
Digital migrants and digital diaspora: new problems and trends of international migration
Authors: Volkov Yu. G. , Krivopuskov V. V. , Kurbatov V. I.
Published: January 2022

The “Digital migrant”, as a concept, is used to refer to a migrant who realises his information needs by information digital technologies. This give rise to new trends in international migration processes, among which the global informatisation can be highlighted. This is expressed in the mass representation of migrants in social networks, in virtual network migrant communities’ creation. The digital diaspora being an electronic platform is the basis for migrants’ access to online public content, serves as an information base for the migrants’ digital adaptation and their virtual identity’s formation, which is becoming more and more transnational.

The article proposes an instrumental definition of “digital migrant” concept, reveals factors of digital ethnic national community’s functioning, features of migrants’ social adaptation in digital diaspora, new types of interpersonal communication in digital diaspora, new trends and problems of digital migration, and new types of migrants’ identity and of digital virtual identity
A political career for the Internet generation
Authors: Kryshtanovskaya O. V. , Lavrov I. A.
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the problem of studying social mobility and classifying “social lifts” in the political sphere. The high relevance of this topic today is due to the growing politicisation of young people, as the result of this the social exclusion of young people is formed. Young people have a strong opinion that “social lifts” don’t exist or work. So young people sublimate their political energy in a protest activity unable to express their positions and interests legally.

This article analysed both the political values of contemporary youth based on in-depth interviews (collective and individual) with 164 members of the young generation between the ages of 18 and 30, and the vertical mobility channels known from biographies of successful politicians at federal, regional and municipal levels. By this approach the typical positions from which a political career starts, the “entry points” into politics for newcomers have been identified, the valid mechanisms and institutions for upward mobility have been classified, and links with other career aspects have been revealed.

The biographies of 800 officials and deputies throughout Russia (in eight federal districts) have been used and the career trajectories of representatives of government and local authorities have been analysed in the study. The classification of “social lifts” has been presented, their effectiveness and prevalence has been revealed, and links between education, profession, work experience and socio-demographic characteristics have been established.
Study of social tension based on electronic social networks big data
Authors: Grebenyuk A. A. , Maksimova A. S. , Lemer L. G.
Published: January 2022

The article presents a methodology for assessing the level of social tension according to the data of electronic social networks. The calculation of the level of social tension according to the specified method is carried out automatically using software tools and requires the participation of the researcher only at the level of an analytical conclusion. An approach to identifying the dissatisfaction of the population at the level of the simplest actions of social network accounts has been described in detail. The necessity of identifying certain spheres of public life for the identification of population discontent has been substantiated, the indicated spheres have been highlighted and described. An indicator has been developed that makes it possible to calculate the level of social tension within each of the identified spheres of public life, taking into account the level of negative messages (posts and comments) and the discussion of each topic. A generalising indicator of the level of social tension has been developed, combining individual indicators of tension by topic. The calculation of the generalising indicator makes it possible to identify the level of social tension in a region or other territorial entity and track its dynamics in any perspective, including retrospectively.

The proposed methodology for assessing social tension based on data from electronic social networks differs significantly from existing sociological and statistical approaches. Its main advantage lies in the minimal time lag between the dynamics of social tension, reflected in the social network, and its identification, which expands the possibilities of a prompt response to the growth of negative moods in society. Another difference of the proposed approach is the possibility of multiple repetitions of calculations with minimal, in contrast to the sociological method, the cost of additional resources for each subsequent iteration of the calculation of the indicator value.
Changing approaches to interactive marketing communications due to the development of 5G technology
Authors: Akhmaeva L. G.
Published: January 2022

The process of changing approaches to interactive marketing communications, due to the development of 5G technology – high-speed data transmission over 5G wireless networks has been reviewed. The main facts about 5G technology have been given, the impact of its introduction on consumer behavior, the penetration of augmented and virtual reality technologies into everyday life and the change in the format of marketing communications in the following areas have been considered: retail and delivery of goods, virtual spaces for work and business, mobile cloud gaming and streaming, art, street traffic and parking, public transport, pedestrian and bicycle traffic, weather conditions and energy supply.

The key directions of development of interactive marketing communications with the arrival of 5G have been considered: delivery of messages to any place and at any time, an increase in the number of connected devices, instant feedback, new formats and media.

Conclusions have been drawn regarding the changes in interactive marketing communications: due to the ultra-high speeds of 5G, the loading time of the commercial will be significantly reduced, which will significantly improve the consumer experience at the level of using devices and applications. The same factor will affect the growth of mobile traffic, and, consequently, advertisers will have to think through advertising integrations more efficiently, adapting them for mobile devices and trying to make them more personalised. And the most obvious technology that will gain a large market share with the spread of 5G is augmented technology, which will become not just part of an unusual user experience, but a full-fledged and effective advertising campaign tool. Video content will gain an undisputed leadership among other types of content in the advertising market. Targeting and personalisation of content will become even more accurate and simpler, advertising offers to potential buyers will be more personalised, it is also supposed to transform advertising formats for audio messages and integrate voice assistants into various devices.
The Oriented and Flux-Weighted Current Density Stagnation Graph of LiH
Authors: Berger Raphael J F , Dimitrova Maria
Published: January 2022

A scheme is introduced to quantitatively analyze the magnetically induced molecular current density vector field J. After determining the set of zero points of J, which is called its stagnation graph (SG), the line integrals -1/mu_0 \int_li B.dl along all edges of the connected subset of the SG are determined. The edges are oriented such that all line integrals are non-negative and they are weighted with the resultants. An oriented flux-weighted (current density) stagnation graph (OFW-SG) is obtained. Since J is in the exact theoretical limit divergence free and due to the topological characteristics of such vector fields the flux of all separate vortices and neighbouring vortex combinations can be determined by adding the weights of cyclic subsets of edges of the OFW-SG. The procedure is exemplified by the case of LiH for a perpendicular and weak homogeneous external magnetic field B.
Rate Expressions in Mean Field Microkinetic Models Incorporating Multiple Types of Active Sites
Authors: Collinge Gregory , Sharma Devyani , McEwen Jean-Sabin , Saeys Mark
Published: January 2022

It is well known that heterogenous catalysts exhibit a distribution of sites/structures, some more active than others but more than one often being important to the underlying reaction mechanism(s). The inclusion of this reality in mean field microkinetic models has been largely avoided in favor of lattice-based models like cluster expansions where in principle different types of sites can be explicitly defined. Here, we develop a thermodynamically self-consistent theory of multi-site microkinetics from the first principles of statistical mechanics to show how multiple site types can be represented in mean field microkinetic models. The theory incorporates local enthalpies and entropies, lateral molecular interactions, and global entropy; generating thermodynamic activities for any number of site types that deviate significant from those of idealized models. We provide the resultant rate expressions for rates of adsorption/desorption and surface diffusion between the site types. Contrary to what is typically assumed, even when a species has access to many different sites or binding configurations, only one rate, which is driven by the average adlayer chemical potential, can be defined for desorption from the surface. The approach in this work correctly describes adsorption/desorption and diffusion for a multi-site model of a heterogenous catalyst and differs from the commonly used law of mass action.
A sustainable approach to amide bond formation via C-O bond cleavage of simple esters in water
Authors: Rajendran Nanthini , Kamaraj Kiruthigadevi , Janakiraman Saranya , A Mary Saral , Dixneuf Pierre. H. , Bheeter Charles Beromeo
Published: January 2022

Amides contain the paramount functional group in the field of chemistry as well as biology and they play a unique role in pharmaceutical industries. Amide bond formation is a prevalent reaction using coupling reagents, usually metal catalysts and additives etc. In this context, herein, we developed a simple and efficient synthetic approach for the direct amidation through esters, simply in water, affording the desired products in good to excellent yields. Interestingly, this method features metal-free, additive-free, and base-free characteristics, and it also uses water as a green solvent. Therefore, it is a new and eco-friendly way to realize the direct amide bond formation. Applying this methodology, we prepared over 30 different amides including the drug molecule Diethyltoluamide in good yield. Finally, this approach was successfully applied to the gram-scale synthesis of a representative amide product.
All-Atom Simulations Uncover Structural and Dynamical Properties of STING Proteins in the Membrane System
Authors: Payne Rachel , Crivelli Silvia , Watanabe Masakatsu
Published: January 2022

Recent studies have shown that the stimulator of interferon gene (STING) protein plays a central role in the immune system by facilitating the production of Type I interferons in cells. The STING signaling pathway is also a prominent activator of cancer-killing T cells that initiates a powerful adaptive immune response. Since biomolecular signaling pathways are complicated and not easily identified through traditional experiments, molecular dynamics (MD) has often been used to study these biological pathways’ structural and dynamical responses. Here, we carried out MD simulations for full-length chicken and human STING (chSTING and hSTING) proteins. Specifically, we investigated ligand-bound closed and ligand-unbound open forms of each STING in the membrane system by comparing conformational and dynamical differences among them. Our research provides clues for understanding the mechanism of the STING signaling pathway by uncovering some detailed insights for the examined systems: the residues from each chain in the binding pocket are strongly correlated to one another in the open STING structure compared with those in the closed STING structure. Ligand-bound closed STING displays approximately 170° rotation of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) relative to the open-STING structure. The detailed dynamical analysis of residue Cys148 in the linker region of hSTING does not support the earlier hypothesis that Cys148 can form disulfide bonds between adjacent STING dimers. We also reveal that using the full-length proteins is critical as the MD simulations of the LBD portion only cannot properly describe the global conformational properties of multiple domain proteins, such as STING.
A spatiotemporal route to understanding metal halide perovskite crystallization
Authors: Najeeb Mansoor Ani , Keesey Rodolfo , Zeile Margaret , Shekar Venkateswaran , Li Zhi , Leiby Nicholas , Zeller Matthias , Chan Emory , Schrier Joshua , Norquist Alexander
Published: January 2022

A spatiotemporal experimental route is reported for the antisolvent vapor diffusion crystal growth of metal halide perovskites. A computational analysis combining automated image capture and diffusion modeling enables the determination of the critical concentrations required for nucleation and crystal growth from a single experiment. Five different solvent systems and ten distinct organic ammonium iodide salts were investigated with lead iodide, from which nine previously unreported compounds were discovered. Automated image capture of the mother liquor and antisolvent vials were used to determine changes in solution meniscus positions and detect nucleation event location. Matching the observations to a numerical solution of Fick’s second law diffusion model enables the calculation of reactant, solvent and antisolvent concentrations at both the time and position of the first stable nucleation and crystal growth. A machine learning model was trained on the resulting data reveals solvent- and amine-specific crystallization tendencies. Solvent systems that interact more weakly with dissolved lead species promote crystallization, while those with stronger interaction can prevent crystallization through increased solubilities. Organic amines that interact more strongly with inorganic components and exhibit greater rigidity are more likely to be incorporated into crystalline products.
Photoreactivity of donor-acceptor stilbene complexes in a macrocyclic host
Authors: Eckdahl Christopher , Ou Carrie , Padgaonkar Suyog , Hersam Mark , Weiss Emily , Kalow Julia
Published: January 2022

Host-guest 2:1 complexation of photoreactive alkene guests improves the selectivity of [2+2] photodimerizations by templating alkene orientation prior to irradiation. Host-guest chemistry can also provide 1:1:1 complexes through the inclusion of electronically complementary donor and acceptor guests, but the photoreactivity of such complexes has not been investigated. We imagined that such complexes could enable selective cross-[2+2] photocycloadditions between donor and acceptor stilbenes. In pursuit of this strategy, we investigated a series of stilbenes and found 1:1:1 complexes with cucurbit[8]uril that exhibited charge-transfer (CT) absorption bands in the visible and near-IR regions. Irradiation of the CT band of an azastilbene, 4,4’-stilbenedicarboxylate, and cucurbit[8]uril ternary complex led to a selective cross-[2+2] photocycloaddition, while other substrate pairs exhibited no chemistry upon CT excitation. Using transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy, we were able to understand the variable photoreactivity of different stilbene donor-acceptor complexes. We found that the back electron transfer (BET) following CT excitation of the photoreactive complex is positioned deep in the Marcus inverted region due to electrostatic stabilization of the ground state, allowing [2+2] to effectively compete with this relaxation pathway. Control reactions revealed that the cucurbit[8]uril host not only serves to template the reaction from the ground state, but also protects the long-lived radical ions formed by CT from side reactions. This protective role of the host suggests that donor-acceptor host-guest ternary complexes could be used to improve existing CT-initiated photochemistry or access new reactivity.
Dynamic Multicomponent Reactions Directed Self-assembled G-quadruplex Inherent Antibacterial Hydrogel
Authors: Rit Tanmay , Ghosh Tapas , Patidar Mukesh K. , Das Apurba K.
Published: January 2022

Now-a-days inherent antibacterial hydrogels have gained significant attention due to their utilization against infectious bacteria. Herein, we focus on the development of injectable, self-healable, dynamic, G-quadruplex hydrogel with inherent antibacterial activity. The dynamic self-assembled hydrogel is constructed upon multicomponent reactions (MCR) among guanosine, 2-formylphenylboronic acid and amino acid/peptides in presence of potassium ions. The role of amino acid/peptides toward the formation of G-quadruplex hydrogel is studied in details. G-quadruplex structure is formed via the π-π stacking of G-quartets. The formation of G-quadruplex is investigated by thioflavin T binding assay, CD spectroscopy and PXRD. The formation of the dynamic imino-boronate bond in the hydrogels is well characterised by temperature dependent 11B NMR (VT-NMR) and FT-IR spectroscopy. Furthermore HR-TEM images and rheological experiments reveal the fibrillar networks and the viscoelastic property of the hydrogels. The presence of the dynamic imino-boronate ester bonds makes the hydrogel injectable and self-healable in nature. These dynamic G-quadruplex hydrogels show potential antibacterial activity against a series of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Such injectable and self-healable hydrogels could be used in various applications in the field of biomedical science.
Insights into the active catalyst formation in palladium catalyzed coupling reaction from di-nuclear palladium acetate: A DFT study
Authors: Roy Saikat , Anoop Anakuthil
Published: January 2022

We explored the formation of active palladium catalyst species by degradation of Pd-acetate dimer with the addition of phosphine ligands (PH3 and PPh3 ) with an automated reaction search employing Density Functional Theory calculations followed by kinetic studies with stochastic simulation analysis. Our reaction search starting from dimeric form, considered a resting state of the catalyst, produced similar monomeric species by sequential ligand addition as found in the experimental investigation of the active catalytic species in Heck reactions. We analyzed the bonding in the Pd-acetate dimer and the role of Pd in the stability of the dimeric species. We implemented the Gillespie Stochastic Simulation Algorithm and applied it to the degradation reaction path. This algorithm can give more insights into multi-channel reaction paths. The energetics of the degradation path is reasonably achievable in the experimental reaction conditions that make dimeric species a potential catalytic precursor in the Pd-acetate catalyzed coupling reactions.
Synthesis, Properties and Chemical Modification of a Persistent Triisopropylsilylethynyl Substituted Tri(9-anthryl)methyl Radical
Authors: Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Ishii Daisuke , Aibara Seito , Kubo Takashi
Published: January 2022

In studies aimed at developing new organic spin materials, we prepared a triisopropylsilylethynyl substituted tri(9-anthryl)methyl (TAntM) radical. The TIPS-ethynyl group in this radical effectively suppress its reactivity, resulting in extremely high stability in air for at least one month. Chemical modification of the radical using [4+2] Diels-Alder reaction proceeds even at room temperature. Because harsh conditions and metal-catalyzed reactions are not required this post-modification strategy should be highly versatile for use in constructing unique spin-labelled molecules.
Attitudes of Preschool Educators Toward Singing as a Musical Activity in Kindergarten / Stališča vzgojiteljev predšolskih otrok do petja kot glasbene dejavnosti v vrtcu
Authors: Dobrota Snježana , Bogadi Antonia , Šutić Ivana
Published: January 2022

The paper explores the influence of years of work experience, professional qualifications, additional music education, engaging in musical activities in leisure time, and attending the theatre / classical music concerts on the attitudes of preschool educators toward singing as a musical activity in kindergarten. The research was conducted on a sample of preschool educators from all Croatian counties (N = 405), using a questionnaire composed of two parts: The General Data Questionnaire and Attitudes Toward Singing as a Musical Activity in Kindergarten. No differences were found in preschool educators’ attitudes toward singing with regard to their professional qualifications and years of work experience. However, the results confirm the influence of additional music education, engaging in musical activities in leisure time, and attending the theatre / classical music concerts on preschool educators’ attitudes toward singing as a musical activity in kindergarten.
Refining the domain architecture model of the replication origin firing factor Treslin/TICRR
Authors: Ferreira Pedro , Sanchez-Pulido Luis , Marko Anika , Ponting Chris P , Boos Dominik
Published: January 2022

Faithful genome duplication requires appropriately controlled replication origin firing. The metazoan origin firing regulation hub Treslin/TICRR and its yeast orthologue Sld3 share the Sld3-Treslin domain and the adjacent TopBP1/Dpb11 interaction domain. We report a revised domain architecture model of Treslin/TICRR. Protein sequence analyses uncovered a conserved Ku70-homologous β-barrel fold in the Treslin/TICRR middle domain (M domain) and in Sld3. Thus, the Sld3-homologous Treslin/TICRR core comprises its three central domains, M domain, Sld3-Treslin domain, and TopBP1/Dpb11 interaction domain, flanked by non-conserved terminal domains, the CIT (conserved in Treslins) and the C terminus. The CIT includes a von Willebrand factor type A domain. Unexpectedly, MTBP, Treslin/TICRR, and Ku70/80 share the same N-terminal domain architecture, von Willebrand factor type A and Ku70-like β-barrels, suggesting a common ancestry. Binding experiments using mutants and the Sld3–Sld7 dimer structure suggest that the Treslin/Sld3 and MTBP/Sld7 β-barrels engage in homotypic interactions, reminiscent of Ku70-Ku80 dimerization. Cells expressing Treslin/TICRR domain mutants indicate that all Sld3-core domains and the non-conserved terminal domains fulfil important functions during origin firing in human cells. Thus, metazoa-specific and widely conserved molecular processes cooperate during metazoan origin firing.
Effect of Silver and Tin on the Corrosion Behaviour of Zinc Alloy in Alkaline Medium
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Purwanto Hadi , Manshor Hanisah ,   Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, M. Azizan Farihan ,   Former Research officer at Royal Selangor International Sdn. Bhd, Malaysia
Published: January 2022

The electrochemical and corrosion behaviour of Zn-20Sn and Zn-0.50Ag alloys in dishwasher detergent solution was investigated by Tafel plot and characterized X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electrode Microscope (SEM). The measurements were conducted using different composition of elements addition (Ag: 0.03%, 0.27% and 0.50%. Sn: 1%, 8%, and 15%) under the same experimental conditions. The results showed that the addition of Ag led to decreased corrosion rate compared to Sn addition. The corrosion potential for Zn alloy with Ag addition are shifted towards more noble values compared to Zn alloys with Sn addition . By adding Ag, the current density is decreased and thus reducing the hydrogen evolution rate. The corrosion layer formed on Zinc sample in dishwasher detergent was investigated. The corrosion layer formed on Zn-20Sn-0.5Ag appeared more compact than other alloys. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)2) were formed on Zinc alloy surface. Probable mechanisms of Zinc corrosion products formation are presented.
Crowd Density Estimation from Autonomous Drones Using Deep Learning: Challenges and Applications
Authors:   Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland, Saif A F M Saifuddin , Mahayuddin Zainal Rasyid ,   Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: January 2022

Crowd flow estimation from Drones or normally referred as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV ) for crowd management and monitoring is an essential research problem for adaptive monitoring and controlling dynamic crowd gatherings. Various challenges exist in this context, i.e. variation in density, scale, brightness, height from UAV platform, occlusion and inefficient pose estimation. Currently, gathering of crowd is mostly monitored by Close Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras where various problems exist, i.e. coverage in little area and constant involvement of human to monitor crowd which encourage researchers to move towards deep learning and computer vision techniques to minimize the need of human operator and thus develop intelligent crowd counting techniques. Deep learning frameworks are promising for intelligent crowd analysis from frames of video despite the fact of various challenges for detecting humans from unstable UAV camera platforms. This research presents rigorous investigation and analysis in existing methods with their applications for crowd flow estimation from UAV. Besides, comprehensive performance evaluation for existing methods using recent deep learning frameworks is illustrated for crowd counting purposes. In addition, strong foundation for future direction is given by elaborating observations on existing research frameworks.
AN INTRODUCTION TO THEORY OF DYNAMICS OF NUMBERS: A NEW CONCEPT
Authors: Bhattacharyya Prabir Chandra
Published: January 2022

The role of numbers is very important not only in mathematics but also in any branch of science and technology. The author developed a new concept of the theory of dynamics of numbers. According to the new concept, 0 (zero) is the starting point of any number. There are infinite number of directions through which the numbers can move from starting point 0 (zero) and can return in the vertically opposite direction towards the starting point 0 (zero). The motion of any number (object) is positive whether it is forward motion or backward motion. Similarly, countup and countdown motions of numbers are also positive. Therefore, there is no existence of negative numbers. The author framed the law of the theory of dynamics of numbers. The author solved the quadratic equation in one countable unknown object or quantity (say x) in the form, ax2 + bx + c = 0, even if the numerical value of the discriminant, b2 – 4ac <0. The author applied the theory of dynamics of numbers to solve the problems of plane co-ordinate geometry and also to solve the problems of the quadratic equation in the present paper.
HYDROTHERMAL BEHAVIOR OF FLUID FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH A BENDING SQUARE CHANNEL
Authors: Hussen Selim
Published: January 2022

The numerous applications in medical fields as well as in industrial areas have drawn substantial attention of the researchers to study the fluid flow and heat transfer (HT) through a bent duct. The present paper demonstrates a spectral-based numerical study of 2D flow in a bent square geometry for various curvature ratios. The numerical calculation has been conducted over Dn, and the curvature ranges from 0.001 to 0.5. The horizontal walls are thermally different where the bottom wall is heated while the ceiling wall cooled, the vertical walls being thermally insulated. After an extensive investigation, we found two branching structures of the solution, each consisting of two branches with 2- to 8-vortex solutions for small and medium curvatures while three branches of solution structure for large curvature. The instability of the flow is then calculated by performing time-evolution (TEv) analysis and by sketching the phase-space (PS) of the solutions. This study also demonstrates that the HT is significantly boosted with the effect of secondary flows (SF) and the increasing secondary vortices boost heat transfer more effectively than other physically realizable solutions.
FIXATION OF THE RELATION BETWEEN FREQUENCY AND AMPLITUDE FOR NONLINEAR OSCILLATOR HAVING FRACTIONAL TERM APPLYING MODIFIED MICKENS’ EXTENDED ITERATION METHOD
Authors: Ayub Hossain M. M.
Published: January 2022

A modified extended iteration procedure is applied to compute the analytical periodic solutions of the nonlinear oscillator having fractional terms. A nonlinear oscillator with force is given to demonstrate the eﬀectiveness and expediency of the iteration scheme. Mickens’ extended iteration method is a well-established method for studying random oscillations. The method is also simple and straightforward to accomplish approximate frequency and the corresponding periodic solution of the strongly nonlinear oscillator. The method gives high validity for both small and large initial amplitudes of oscillations. We have used an appropriate truncation of the obtained Fourier cosine series in each step of iterations to determine the approximate analytic solution of the oscillators. The second, third, and fourth approximate frequencies of the truly nonlinear oscillator with force show a good agreement with their exact values. Also, we have compared the calculated results with some of the existing results. We have shown that the method performs reasonably better.
AN EFFICIENT NUMERICAL SCHEME FOR STATIC TORQUE PROFILING OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MACHINE WITH EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATIO
Authors: Mahar Sanam Rehman
Published: January 2022

In AC and DC drives, the use of switched reluctance machine (SRM) is becoming popular as it has a few preferences over AC and DC drives in a simple and robust construction without brushes, low inertia, and high torque to weight ratio, without rotor windings, simple circuit power converter, etc. SRM is widely used in variable speed and servo drives. Because of the double saliency structure and the high nonlinearity of magnetic material, it is difficult to represent the flux-linkage and static torque characteristic of the SRM. This work promotes the use of an improved numerical integration scheme for the static characteristics of SRM. The static torque function that depends on the rotor position and the phase current of the flux linkage features family (for different rotor positions) is improved in the proposed work. Firstly, we use an experimental setup for the electromagnetic characteristic of SRM. Then, we use the improved scheme to develop an efficient mathematical model for static characteristics and finally simulate the static characteristic of SRM through MATLAB code. In the last step, we compare the performance of the proposed integrator model with an existing approach for better efficiency of the static characteristic of SRM with experimental validation.
Oficinas de criatividade: o desafio de inovar no ensino-aprendizagem da Matemática
Authors: Costa Ildenice Lima , Gontijo Cleyton Hércules
Published: January 2022

Este estudo objetiva identificar o processo de inovação educacional vinculado à melhoria do quadro do processo de ensino-aprendizagem em matemática de estudantes dos anos iniciais. Para tal, apresentamos as “Oficinas de Criatividade em Matemática”, um projeto idealizado e promovido pelo Grupo PI – Pesquisas e Investigações em Educação Matemática, do Departamento de Matemática da Universidade de Brasília. As oficinas foram realizadas em duas turmas de 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental em uma escola pública em Brasília, consistindo em uma intervenção em criatividade no campo da matemática, nas quais os estudantes foram estimulados a solucionar problemas matemáticos. Dentre estas, analisamos a Oficina do Consumo Saudável e Consciente, à luz do componente de inovação presente na atividade, na qual os estudantes deveriam elaborar e solucionar problemas contextualizados, voltados para a dinâmica do consumo, permitindo a discussão sobre sustentabilidade, consumo ético, consciente, responsável e saudável. Nesta pesquisa participante, de caráter exploratório e observacional, verificamos que as turmas utilizaram o pensamento crítico e criativo para solucionar problemas matemáticos no decorrer das atividades relacionadas à oficina. Isso possibilitou estimular e manter o interesse dos estudantes pela área do conhecimento em questão, percebendo-se na centralidade das discussões e identificando valores não apenas individuais, a partir de propostas matemáticas significativas.
Is clinical primary care surveillance for tularaemia a useful addition to laboratory surveillance? An analysis of notification data for Finland, 2013 to 2019
Authors: Hammer Charlotte C , Dub Timothee , Luomala Oskari , Sane Jussi
Published: January 2022

Background

In Finland, surveillance of tularaemia relies on laboratory-confirmed case notifications to the National infectious Diseases Register (NIDR).

Aim

The aim of the study was to assess the suitability and usefulness of clinical surveillance as an addition to laboratory notification to improve tularaemia surveillance in Finland.

Methods

We retrieved NIDR tularaemia surveillance and primary healthcare data on clinically diagnosed tularaemia cases in Finland between 2013 and 2019. We compared incidences, demographic distributions and seasonal trends between the two data sources.

Results

The median annual incidence was 0.6 (range: 0.1–12.7) and 0.8 (range: 0.6–7.2) per 100,000 for NIDR notifications and primary healthcare notifications, respectively. Cases reported to NIDR were slightly older than cases reported to primary healthcare (median: 53 years vs 50 years, p = 0.04), but had similar sex distribution. Seasonal peaks differed between systems, both in magnitude and in timing. On average, primary healthcare notifications peaked 3 weeks before NIDR. However, peaks in NIDR were more pronounced, for example in 2017, monthly incidence per 100,000 of NIDR notifications peaked at 12.7 cases in September, while primary healthcare notifications peaked at 7.2 (1.8 ratio) in August.

Conclusions

Clinically diagnosed cases provide a valuable additional data source for surveillance of tularaemia in Finland. A primary healthcare-based system would allow for earlier detection of increasing incidences and thereby for early warning of outbreaks. This is crucial in order to implement targeted control and prevention measures as early as possible.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GATA3 AND PATHOLOGIAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL PREDICTIVE AND PROGNOSTIC PARAMETERS IN EARLY BREAST CANCER
Authors: Souza Priscila M. , Carvalho Filomena M. , Aguiar Fernando N. , Gagliato Débora , Barros Alfredo C. S. D.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: GATA3 gene, at 10p14, a member of the GATA family with two GATA-type zinc-fingers, encodes the transcription factors GATA - binding protein 3 (GATA3), critical for the luminal breast epithelium development and maintenance. The GATA3 protein is a linear one, with more than 400 aminoacids, that can be recognized by immunohistochemical analysis. Mutations of the GATA3 and loss of the expression of its related protein are implicated in breast cancer development and aggressiveness. As the most frequent transcription factor in luminal tumor cells, GATA3 became an important marker of mammary differentiation in neoplasias of unknown origin, better than mammaglobin and gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP). Objectives: In this study, we aimed at assessing pathological and immunohistochemical variables and their association with GATA3 expression, adding bases for breast carcinogenesis comprehension and BC (Breast Cancer) precision therapy. Methods: GATA3 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in whole histological sections of tumors from 105 female patients with histological diagnosis of invasive breast carcinoma and at clinical stages I, II and IIIA, who underwent primary surgical treatment (protocol approval number: 1,604,792). GATA3 nuclear expression was determined in percentage of tumor cells and categorized as preserved (positive expression in more than 95% of cells) or reduced (negative or expression in up to 95% of tumor cells). GATA3 expression was analyzed according to patient’s age, tumor and node pathological stage, histological type, histological and nuclear grade, lymphovascular invasion, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, androgen receptor, HER2 status, and Ki-67. Results: GATA3 expression was detected in 103/105 (98.1%) cases. Reduced expression was associated with higher histological and nuclear grade, negative hormonal receptors, HER2-positive and higher proliferative activity according to Ki-67 expression. Triple negative breast carcinomas (TNBC) and ER-negative/HER2-positive presented the highest frequency of GATA3 reduction (75%) compared to ER-positive/HER2-negative (4.1%) and ER-positive/HER2-positive (20%). Proliferative activity in TNBC tended to be higher among tumors with GATA3 reduced, irrespective of androgen receptor expression. In the group of ER-positive/ HER2-negative tumors only 3 cases presented GATA3 reduction, all of them with high proliferative activity. Conclusions: GATA3 expression is present in almost all cases of early breast cancer. Reduction in its expression is associated with adverse prognostic factors and higher proliferative activity in all subtypes, including ER-positive/HER2-negative tumors.
5-YEAR SURVIVAL ACCORDING TO THE MOLECULAR SUBTYPE OF 9,516 BREAST CANCER PATIENTS TREATED IN A REFERENCE CENTER
Authors: Abreu Nathália Karina , Aguiar Bruno Neto Martins , Mattar André , Shida Jorge Yoshinori , Gebrim Luiz Henrique
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Breast cancer in Brazil has a high mortality rate due to the large number of patients diagnosed and treated in advanced stages, due to lack of an organized screening program and the long time from diagnosis to initiation of treatment in the Unified Health System (SUS). For the 2020–2022 triennium, the National Cancer Institute (INCA) estimated 66 thousand new cases of breast cancer among Brazilian women. In the city of São Paulo, 5,350 new cases were estimated, with a gross rate of 80.81/100,000. The biomarkers (RE, RP, Her2 and Ki-67) in breast carcinomas allowed for division into four subgroups: luminal A, luminal B, overexpression of HER2 and triple-negatives and greatly contributed to the specificity therapy with an impact on patient survival. The data about survival in SUS is scarce in the literature. Objectives: To assess 5-year survival in different molecular subtypes in 9,516 patients treated for breast cancer from January 2011 to December 2019 at Pérola Byington Hospital (PBH). Methods: The official database of PBH from January 2011 to December 2019 included 11,373 cases of breast cancer. Based on that, we proposed an observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study and we could include 9,516 patients treated for invasive breast cancer which had data available to analyze overall survival according to the molecular type of the tumor, regardless of the tumor clinical stage. Discussion: The luminal molecular subtype A (present in 24.7%) had better survival (92% in five years), the luminal subtype B was the most frequent, (32.8%) and the slightly lower survival, 88%. The ones that had the shortest survival, especially in the first two years, were the HER-2 subtypes present in 17.5% and the triple-negative ones (25.1% of the patients). There are few data in Brazil evaluating the molecular subtypes and survival. The great number of triple-negative tumors is probably due to the fact that it was a population of untraceable women under the age of 50. Conclusions: The molecular subtypes of breast cancer are important to guide therapeutic measures and to predict the prognosis of patients. With data obtained at Hospital Pérola Byington, it can be concluded that the Luminal A subtypes are the ones with the best prognosis, while the Triple negative and Her 2 positive had higher mortality, especially over the first two years.
COMPLETE PATHOLOGICAL RESPONSE AFTER NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: ANALYSIS OF 83 PATIENTS TREATED AT A FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE
Authors: Silva Maria Gabriela Ferreira , Soares Isabella Cristina Santos , Cardozo Flávia Pinto , Clímaco Flávia Maria Souza , Leite Filho Aguinaldo Ferreira
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is performed before surgical treatment and aims to make a locally advanced tumor operable, provide conservative treatment, demonstrate tumor sensitivity in vivo and evaluate the pathological response (PR) to treatment. PR is an important prognostic factor, and several studies have demonstrated a correlation between the biological factors of the tumor and its response rate. Patients with a pathologic complete response (PCR) present a longer survival rate compared to those with residual disease. Objectives: The main objective was to assess PCR in patients with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. As secondary objectives, we identified clinical-pathological variables related to PCR and correlated the pathologic response in the breast with the axillary response after chemotherapy. Methods: Four hundred and forty-four medical records of patients seen in the Mastology sector were reviewed between January 2016 and July 2019. Eighty-three patients were selected, with 361 cases that did not meet the inclusion criteria being excluded. The exclusion criteria were benign disease, neoadjuvant hormone therapy, neoadjuvant radiation therapy, trastuzumab associated with chemotherapy, upfront surgery and patients who did not receive surgical treatment after chemotherapy. The variables analyzed were age, tumor size, axillary involvement, histological type and grade, molecular subtype and PCR. Results: Most patients were over 50 years of age (62%) and had tumors larger than 5 cm (75%). Fifty of them (60%) had initial axillary involvement. Among the 83 patients, 64 (77%) did not obtain a pathologic response in the breast and armpit. Two (3%) showed a response only in the breast. PCR was observed in 17 patients (20%) and almost half of them were under 50 years of age (47%). Moderately differentiated (grade 2) and undifferentiated (grade 3) tumors, accounted for 96% of cases and had a higher rate ofPCR than grade 1 tumors. In HER2 positive subtypes, PCR occurred in 36% and in negative triples in 22%, being higher than in luminous A and B subtypes (15% and 17%, respectively). Conclusions: The histological grade and molecular subtypes correlate with the pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. More undifferentiated tumors and the triple negative and HER 2 positive molecular subtypes have a higher PCR rate. Despite the small sample, the results of this study were similar to those in the medical literature. A higher number of cases is necessary to corroborate the data obtained, as well as a longer follow-up time to demonstrate the relationship between PCR and survival.