bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationships between psychological contract breach and employee well‐being and career‐related behavior: The role of occupational future time perspective
Authors: Zacher Hannes , Rudolph Cort W.
Published: November 2020

Relationships between psychological contract breach and employee well‐being and career‐related behavior cannot sufficiently be explained by social exchange and reciprocity theories, yet the alternative mechanisms underlying these associations are currently not well understood. Based on the psychological contract perspective on careers, the goal of this study was to examine indirect effects of psychological contract breach on emotional engagement, emotional exhaustion, and career‐related behavior through two dimensions of occupational future time perspective (i.e., focus on opportunities and focus on limitations). Data came from 405 employees in Australia, who responded to three surveys across 12 months. Results showed that psychological contract breach had indirect effects on emotional engagement and exhaustion through focus on opportunities and focus on limitations, respectively, and on career‐related behavior through focus on opportunities. Another mechanism, psychological contract violation, was only related to employees' organizational deviance. These findings highlight the important role of occupational future time perspective dimensions as employees' evaluations of future career‐related opportunities and limitations. These evaluations may change in response to psychological contract breach and, in turn, might impact on employee well‐being and career‐related behavior.
Talar neck angle correlates with tibial torsion—Guidance for 3D and 2D measurements in total ankle replacement
Authors: Flury Andreas , Viehöfer Arnd F. , Hoch Armando , Vlachopoulos Lazaros , Wirth Stephan H. , Imhoff Florian B.
Published: November 2020

Axial plane alignment of the talar component in total ankle arthroplasty is poorly understood and remains a major issue, especially since malpositioning results in increased peak pressure and rotational torque. Further profound knowledge regarding individual anatomy of the talus and its relation to proximal and distal osseous structures is therefore needed. Therefore, three‐dimensional (3D) surface models of 50 lower extremities were generated using computed tomography data of patients without ankle osteoarthritis. The talus neck torsion was measured using a novel 3D measurement method. Then, tibial torsion and subtalar joint axis orientation were measured and correlated to the talus neck torsion. Moreover, a 2D measurement method of the talus neck torsion was developed. A statistically significant correlation was found between external tibia torsion and medial talus neck torsion, as well as talus neck axis and subtalar joint axis in the transversal and frontal plane. The novel defined 3D measurement methods indicated excellent inter‐rater and intra‐rater reliability. The 2D measurement method of the talus neck torsion was in good agreement with the 3D method. The results showed that the rotational profiles of the tibia, talus, and adjacent joints are interconnected, which should be considered in total ankle replacement (TAR). Clinical relevance: This study improves the overall understanding of the talar anatomy, as well as its relationship to adjacent osseous structures. The novel 2D measurement method of the talus neck torsion might improve talar component positioning in the axial plane corresponding to the patient's individual anatomy, and therefore improve the survival rate of TAR.
High‐throughput metabolomics discovers metabolite biomarkers and insights the protective mechanism of schisandrin B on myocardial injury rats
Authors: Zhao Ling‐Kun , Zhao Yun‐Bo , Zhang Peng‐Xia
Published: November 2020

Schisandrin B has been proved to possess anti‐inflammatory and anti‐endoplasmic effects, could improve cardiac function, inhibit apoptosis, and reduce inflammation after ischemic injury. However, the detailed metabolic mechanism and potential pathways of Schisandrin B effects on myocardial injury are unclear. Metabolomics could yield in‐depth mechanistic insights and explore the potential therapeutic effect of natural products. In this study, the preparation of doxorubicin‐induced myocardial injury rat model for evaluation of Schisandrin B on viral myocarditis sequelae related pathological changes and its mechanism. The metabolite profiling of myocardial injury rats was performed through ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry combined with pattern recognition approaches and pathway analysis. A total of 15 metabolites (nine in positive ion mode and six in negative ion mode) were considered as potential biomarkers of myocardial injury, and these metabolites may correlate with the regulation of Schisandrin B treatment. A total of six metabolic pathways are closely related to Schisandrin B treatment, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, purine metabolism, etc. This study revealed the potential biomarkers and metabolic network pathways of myocardial injury, and illuminated the protective mechanism of Schisandrin B on myocardial injury.
Negative Emotionality Interacts with Trauma Exposure to Prospectively Predict Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms During Firefighters’ First 3 Years of Service
Authors: Meyer Eric C. , Zimering Rose T. , Knight Jeffrey , Morissette Sandra B. , Kamholz Barbara W. , Coe Elizabeth , Carpenter Thomas P. , Keane Terence M. , Kimbrel Nathan A. , Gulliver Suzy B.
Published: November 2020

Firefighters (FFs) protect the public despite significant risks to their health and well‐being stemming from frequent trauma exposure and other occupational stressors. A minority of FFs develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or related mental health problems, whereas most remain remarkably resilient despite enormous stress. This points toward substantial variability in responses to traumatic stress among FFs. Personality, particularly negative emotionality (NEM), has been shown to predict the development of PTSD in other trauma‐exposed populations, yet has not been prospectively studied in relation to PTSD in FFs. The aim of this secondary analysis from a broader study of mental health in FFs was to test whether preemployment NEM predicted PTSD symptom severity over time by influencing how FFs respond to traumatic experiences. In this first prospective study of the development of PTSD symptoms in professional FFs, 322 FFs were recruited from seven urban fire academies across the United States and followed over their first 3 years of fire service. We assessed NEM during the fire academy as well as trauma exposure and both self‐reported and clinician‐rated PTSD symptoms at 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year follow‐ups. Level of trauma exposure and NEM predicted PTSD symptoms over time, and NEM moderated the effect of trauma exposure on clinician‐rated PTSD symptoms across both trauma exposure measures at 1‐ and 3‐year follow‐ups, f2 = .03–.10, but not at 2‐year follow‐up nor for self‐reported PTSD symptoms. These findings indicate that NEM, assessed upon entry into a high‐risk occupation, is useful in predicting PTSD symptom development.
Laryngeal Reconstruction Using Tissue‐Engineered Implants in Pigs: A Pilot Study
Authors: Brookes Sarah , Zhang Lujuan , Puls Theodore J. , Kincaid John , Voytik‐Harbin Sherry , Halum Stacey
Published: November 2020

Objective/Hypothesis

There are currently no treatments available that restore dynamic laryngeal function after hemilaryngectomy. We have shown that dynamic function can be restored post hemilaryngectomy in a rat model. Here, we report in a first of its kind, proof of concept study that this previously published technique is scalable to a porcine model.

Study Design

Animal study.

Methods

Muscle and fat biopsies were taken from three Yucatan minipigs. Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) and adipose stem cells (ASCs) were isolated and cultured for 3 weeks. The minipigs underwent a left laterovertical partial laryngectomy sparing the left arytenoid cartilage and transecting the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Each layer was replaced with a tissue‐engineered implant: 1) an acellular mucosal layer composed of densified Type I oligomeric collagen, 2) a skeletal muscle layer composed of autologous MPCs and aligned oligomeric collagen differentiated and induced to express motor endplates (MEE), and 3) a cartilage layer composed of autologous ASCs and densified oligomeric collagen differentiated to cartilage. Healing was monitored at 2 and 4 weeks post‐op, and at the 8 week study endpoint.

Results

Animals demonstrated appropriate weight gain, no aspiration events, and audible phonation. Video laryngoscopy showed progressive healing with vascularization and re‐epithelialization present at 4 weeks. On histology, there was no immune reaction to the implants and there was complete integration into host tissue with nerve and vascular ingrowth.

Conclusions

This pilot study represents a first in which a transmural vertical partial laryngectomy was performed and successfully repaired with a customized, autologous stem cell‐derived multi‐layered tissue‐engineered implant.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 131:2277–2284, 2021
Reduced Tearing With Stable Quality of Life After Vidian Neurectomy: A Prospective Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Eric W. , Gardner Paul A. , Fraser Shannon , Stefko S. Tonya , Fernandez‐Miranda Juan C. , Snyderman Carl H.
Published: November 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis

Although vidian neurectomy (VN) is associated with decreased lacrimation, its impact on dry eye quality‐of‐life is not well‐defined. Endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid approaches (EETA) may require vidian nerve sacrifice.

Study Design

A prospective cohort trial.

Methods

A prospective trial evaluating VN during EETA on lacrimation by phenol red thread testing and dry eye severity by the five‐item Dry Eye Questionnaire (DEQ‐5) was performed. Preservation of the contralateral vidian nerve allowed comparison between the eye subjected to VN and the control eye postoperatively.

Results

Twenty‐one subjects were enrolled with no preoperative difference in lacrimation between eyes (P = .617) and overall mild dry eye severity. Although the control eye had no difference in lacrimation pre‐ and postoperatively, decreased tearing was noted in the VN eye at 1 month (20.8 mm vs. 15.8 mm, P = .015) and at 3 months (23.2 mm vs. 15.8 mm, P = .0051) postoperatively. Overall, no difference was noted in the DEQ‐5 score for dry eye severity between the pre‐ and postoperative measures. However, six patients were noted to have moderate to severe dry eye severity postoperatively and five of these six had decreased lacrimation (<20 mm) preoperatively. Patients with decreased tearing preoperatively demonstrated significantly worse postoperative DEQ‐5 scores when compared to patients with normal tearing (P < .0056).

Conclusions

VN during EETA results in decreased tearing but is not associated with increased dry eye severity overall. However, patients with decreased tearing preoperatively are at risk for increased dry eye severity and should be counseled for this risk.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 131:1487–1491, 2021
Mission alignment: University presses versus institutional visions
Authors: Staines Heather
Published: November 2020

Key points

There is no such thing as a ‘standard’ university press except to say that they all support their institutional missions to some extent.

The mission of an academic institution is not always aligned with that of their press and adaptation is often required – from discipline to organization to outreach.

There appears to be increasing alignment between the university library and the press with collaboration and sharing of resources and reporting.

University presses spend a great deal of time engaging with their institution and balancing this with wider outreach.
Autoimmune inner ear disease: A systematic review of management
Authors: Breslin Nathaniel K. , Varadarajan Varun V. , Sobel Eric S. , Haberman Rex S.
Published: November 2020

Objectives

The study systematically reviewed the existing literature on the management of autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED).

Study Design

Systematic review.

Methods

We performed a literature search of Embase, NCBI, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases from April 1990 to April 2020. Inclusion criteria included studies that were retrospective or prospective in nature evaluating the treatment of AIED with audiometric data measuring hearing outcomes during treatment. Hearing improvement was the primary study outcome and improvement in vestibular symptoms was the secondary study outcome.

Results

Sixteen of 412 candidate articles were included in our study. Systemic steroid treatment is most commonly described. Alternative treatment modalities included intratympanic steroid treatment, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, golimumab, methylprednisolone, rituximab, and anakinra.

Conclusion

Systemic corticosteroids are the first line treatment of AIED. Intratympanic steroids are a potential adjuvant or alternative treatment for patients who cannot tolerate or become refractory to steroid treatment. Steroid nonresponders may benefit from biologic therapy. Alternative treatment modalities including nonsteroidal immunosuppressants and biologics have been studied in small cohorts of patients with varying results. Prospective studies investigating the efficacy of biologic and nonsteroidal therapy are warranted.

Level of Evidence

2.
Proenkephalin Decreases in Cerebrospinal Fluid with Symptom Progression of Huntington's Disease
Authors: Niemela Valter , Landtblom Anne‐Marie , Nyholm Dag , Kneider Maria , Constantinescu Radu , Paucar Martin , Svenningsson Per , Abujrais Sandy , Burman Joachim , Shevchenko Ganna , Bergquist Jonas , Sundblom Jimmy
Published: November 2020

Objective

Identifying molecular changes that contribute to the onset and progression of Huntington's disease (HD) is of importance for the development and evaluation of potential therapies.

Methods

We conducted an unbiased mass‐spectrometry proteomic analysis on the cerebrospinal fluid of 12 manifest HD patients (ManHD), 13 pre‐manifest (preHD), and 38 controls. A biologically plausible and significant possible biomarker was validated in samples from a separate cohort of patients and controls consisting of 23 ManHD patients and 23 controls.

Results

In ManHD compared to preHD, 10 proteins were downregulated and 43 upregulated. Decreased levels of proenkephalin (PENK) and transthyretin were closely linked to HD symptom severity, whereas levels of 15 upregulated proteins were associated with symptom severity. The decreased PENK levels were replicated in the separate cohort where absolute quantitation was performed.

Conclusions

We hypothesize that declining PENK levels reflect the degeneration of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that produce PENK and that assays for PENK may serve as a surrogate marker for the state of MSNs in HD. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Current nanotechnology advances in diagnostic biosensors
Authors: Barbosa Ana I. , Rebelo Rita , Reis Rui L. , Bhattacharya Mrinal , Correlo Vitor M.
Published: November 2020

Current diagnostics present challenges that are imposed by increased life expectancy in the worldwide population. These challenges are related, not only to satisfy the need for higher performance of diagnostic tests, but also to the capacity of creating point‐of‐care, wearable, multiplexing and implantable diagnostic platforms that will allow early detection, continuous monitoring and treatment of health conditions in a personalized manner. These health challenges are translated into technological issues that need to be solved with multidisciplinary knowledge. Nanoscience and technology play a fundamental role in the development of miniaturized sensors that are cheap, accurate, sensitive and consume less power. At nanometre scale, these materials possess higher volume‐to‐surface ratio and display novel properties (composition, charge, reactive sites, physical structure and potential) that are exploited for sensing purposes. These nanomaterials can therefore be integrated into diagnostic sensing platforms allowing the creation of novel technologies that tackle current health challenges. These nanomaterial‐enhanced sensors are extremely diverse, since they use numerous types of materials, nanostructures and detection modes for a multitude of biomarkers. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state‐of‐the‐art of nanomaterial‐enhanced sensors, emphasizing and discussing the diagnostic challenges that are addressed by the different engineering and nanotechnology approaches. This review also aims to identify the drawbacks of nanomaterial‐enhanced sensors, as well as point out future developmental directions.
Decoupled multi‐input multi‐output antennas with a common dipole for wideband 5G laptop computers
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Tse , Su Saou‐Wen
Published: November 2020

Two decoupled antennas, comprising two feeding monopoles and one dipole shared by the monopoles, for the fifth‐generation (5G) multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) applications are proposed. The feeding monopoles are placed on both sides of the coupled‐fed, common dipole. First, to operate in the 3.3–5.0 GHz 5G wideband, two resonant modes at about 3.6 and 4.7 GHz, contributed to by the common dipole and the feeding monopoles respectively, are utilized. Then, by introducing distributed capacitance loaded on the dipole center, the one‐wavelength dipole resonant mode can be lowered to oppose the counter‐phased half‐wavelength mode currents on the half dipole, resulting in self decoupling around 3.6 GHz. The mutual coupling for the common dipole is reduced by about 19 dB in this study. The design shows a small size of 35 mm × 5 mm (0.38‐wavelength × 0.05‐wavelength at 3.3 GHz) and can be a promising candidate for narrow‐bezel 5G laptop computers.
The role of local inpatient psychiatric units and general practitioner on continuity of care in Northern Norway: A case‐register study
Authors: Myklebust Lars Henrik , Lassemo Eva
Published: November 2020

Objectives

The general practitioners' (GP) role in the care of mental health patients has received increased attention. The literature underlines the need for integration of primary and specialist services, but cross‐boundary continuity for patients with severe conditions may be particularly poor. The aim of this study was to analyze the collaboration between primary care and different models of specialized psychiatric services for patients with severe conditions.

Methods

We compared a local and a centralized model of mental health care. Service utilization over a 5‐year period was studied.

Results

Findings suggest that a local institution‐based model of services positively affects the use of both GP and specialist outpatient care, with most inpatients utilizing both GP and specialist outpatient consultations. In the centralized model, a substantial proportion of inpatients only used GP outpatient care. Furthermore, inpatients that used both GP and specialist outpatient services received more of both services compared to those who did not enter specialist outpatient care at all.

Conclusion

Local inpatient units may positively affect continuity of care and collaboration between general practitioners and specialist psychiatric services compared to more traditional hospital units, probably because better functional integration of services, better facilitation of clinical alliances/relationships, or a more network‐oriented treatment philosophy.
Comparison of two behavioural pain scales for the assessment of procedural pain: A systematic review
Authors: Birkedal Hanne Cathrine , Larsen Marie Hamilton , Steindal Simen A. , Solberg Marianne Trygg
Published: November 2020

Aim

To examine the clinical utility and measurement properties of the Critical‐Care Pain Observation Tool and the Behavioural Pain Scale when used to assess pain during procedures in the intensive care unit.

Design

A systematic review was conducted, guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses checklist.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsychINFO (01 October 2019). Study selection, data extraction and assessment of methodological quality were performed by a pair of authors working independently. Different psychometric properties were addressed: inter‐rater reliability, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, discriminant validity and criterion validity.

Results

Eleven studies were included. Both Critical‐Care Pain Observation Tool and the Behavioural Pain Scale showed good reliability and validity and were good options for assessing pain during painful procedures with intensive care unit patients unable to self‐report on pain. The Critical‐Care Pain Observation Tool is to be preferred since this tool was shown to have particularly good reliability and validity in assessing pain during procedures, but the Behavioural Pain Scale is an appropriate alternative.
Surface modification of bamboo fiber with sodium hydroxide and graphene oxide in epoxy composites
Authors: Reale Batista Mariana Desireé , Drzal Lawrence T.
Published: November 2020

Bamboo fibers (BFs) have high mechanical properties and are candidate reinforcement for epoxy matrix composites. However, to improve performance, good fiber‐matrix interaction is required. In this work, unidirectional long BF reinforced epoxy composites at fiber volume content of 22%, 40%, and 50% were made by compression molding. The 40 v% untreated BF reinforced composites exhibited 107% and 439% increase for flexural strength and modulus, respectively, compared to neat epoxy. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment was used to modify the surface of the BFs, and then the NaOH modified BFs were coated with graphene oxide (GO). The 40 v% NaOH modified BF composites showed an improvement from 259.9 to 327.5 MPa for flexural strength and from 16.7 to 21.5 GPa for flexural modulus, compared to 40 v% untreated BF composites. Slight improvement in properties up to 334.6 MPa for flexural strength and up to 23.8 GPa for flexural modulus was achieved for composites made of 40 v% NaOH/GO modified BF. Surface modification of BF after the NaOH and NaOH/GO treatment was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and by scanning electron microscopy, which showed differences on the fiber surface morphology and on the composite fracture surface. This BF surface modification approach with GO has potential to impart other properties beyond mechanical to produce multifunctional composite and lead to the use of sustainable plant fibers as alternatives to synthetic fibers.
Less invasive surfactant administration is associated with a higher need for nonpharmacological pain‐relieving interventions compared to the intubation‐surfactant extubation technique in preterm infants
Authors: Höck Michaela , Posod Anna , Waltner‐Romen Maria , Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer Ursula , Griesmaier Elke
Published: November 2020

Aim

LISA is a promising method in improving preterm outcome. The aim of this study was to assess whether the INSURE (intubation‐surfactant extubation) technique or LISA (less invasive surfactant administration) procedure for surfactant administration is associated with more pain‐relieving interventions after the intervention in preterm infants.

Methods

Preterm infants born at <32 weeks gestational age admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Innsbruck University hospital between Jan 2012 and June 2017 subjected to INSURE or LISA were included in the study, which was performed as a retrospective analysis of routinely collected data. Pain assessments were made bedside using the Bernese Pain Scale for Neonates.

Results

During the study period 15 preterm infants (median gestational age 30.7 weeks; range: 25.9‐32.0 weeks) were subjected to INSURE technique and 59 (median gestational age 29.4 weeks; range: 25.1‐31.4 weeks) to LISA. Infants subjected to LISA showed a higher need for nonpharmacological pain‐relieving interventions in the first three days of life.

Conclusion

LISA procedure compared to INSURE technique was associated with a higher need for pain‐relieving interventions in the first three days of life. Prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to optimize this less invasive method for surfactant application with special focus on pain in neonates.
Creating partnerships between schools and lower‐educated parents to enhance young children’s language development: A formative evaluation
Authors: van der Pluijm Martine , Lusse Mariette , van Gelderen Amos , Kessels Joseph
Published: November 2020

Parental support is critical for young children’s language and literacy development. It is important that teachers are aware of this parental role. Particularly in the case of lower‐educated parents, teachers can improve their education when they engage parents in partnerships to support young children’s language development. These parents are often challenged to provide a rich Home Language Environment (HLE) with opportunities for interaction and using language. However, teachers have little experience in building partnerships with lower‐educated parents. We designed a series of interventions to establish partnerships between school and lower‐educated parents and to encourage rich parent‐child interactions. In close collaboration with teachers, principals and parents, we evaluated the application of these interventions using interviews, questionnaires and classroom observations. The results show that most teachers implemented the interventions in their classroom as intended. However, some teachers experienced problems with modelling activities to parents and stimulating parents to follow their child’s initiative. Our findings also show that parents increased their participation in parent‐child activities, showed more interactive behaviour with their child and were positive about their participation in the programme and its relevance. Furthermore, the school teams saw opportunities for continuing to work with the programme. Nevertheless, we also observed practical problems such as insufficient preparation of teachers for working with parents during pre‐service teacher education and a lack of supportive school policy. Finally, we examine how the prototype can be better adapted to the needs and resources of teachers and lower‐educated parents.
Diverse roles of long non‐coding RNAs in viral diseases
Authors: Ginn Lucy , La Montagna Manuela , Wu Qinghua , Shi Lei
Published: November 2020

Viral infection leads to large alterations in the host transcriptome and stimulates an antiviral host immune response involving numerous proteins and signalling pathways. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators during viral infection. Emerging data demonstrates that lncRNAs play essential roles at the host pathogen interface modulating viral infection by either antiviral response at distinct level including pathogen recognition receptors or by epigenetic, transcriptional, and post‐transcriptional effects. Furthermore, differentially expressed lncRNAs may be employed as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for viral diseases. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of lncRNAs and their functions in viral infections with a specific focus on host‐virus responses. In addition, the potential implications of lncRNAs in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 will be discussed.
Determinants of Word‐Reading Development in English Learner University Students: A Longitudinal Eye Movement Study
Authors: Schmidtke Daniel , Moro Anna L.
Published: November 2020

We investigated the word‐reading development of adult second‐language learners of English. A sample of 70 (Mandarin or Cantonese) Chinese‐speaking students enrolled in a university‐level English bridging program at a Canadian university silently read passages of text at the beginning and end of the program while their eye movements were recorded. At each timepoint, we also administered a battery of tests that measure key component skills of second‐language reading (phonological processing, vocabulary knowledge, and listening comprehension). We found longitudinal changes in lexical processing for long words in early (refixation probability and gaze duration) and late (go‐past time and total reading time) eye movement measures, indicating a shift from a sublexical to a holistic word‐processing strategy. We found the largest gains in sublexical processing among students with stronger phonological awareness upon entry to the program and students who acquired more vocabulary than their peers during the program. We interpret the results of this study as evidence of a transition from a lexical processing strategy that is heavily reliant on phonological decoding to word‐reading behavior that is more actively engaged in higher order cognitive processes, such as meaning integration. This research offers novel insights into predictors of reading skill in postsecondary English‐language bridging programs.
Evidence Use in Argument Writing Based on Multiple Texts
Authors: Du Hongcui , List Alexandra
Published: November 2020

In this study, we focused on one particular challenge in argumentative writing based on multiple texts: evidence use. Specifically, we first examined undergraduate students’ strategy reports when processing evidence presented in conflicting and comparably trustworthy texts. Both surface‐level (i.e., restating) and deep‐level (e.g., evaluation, elaboration) evidence‐related processing strategies were identified in students’ typed strategy reports. Second, we examined students’ use of text‐based evidence in their writing. Students were found to have limitations in both the quantity and quality of evidence use in writing. Finally, we associated students’ evidence‐related processing strategies with their evidence use in writing. Only the quality of students’ evidence use in writing was significantly predicted by their evidence‐related processing strategies. However, significant predictors of the quality of evidence use in writing included both surface‐ and deep‐level strategies. Implications for instruction are discussed.
Reading in “Purgatory”: Tactical Literacies in a Remedial Reading Class
Authors: Masterson Jessica E.
Published: November 2020

I detail findings from an ethnographic study of a high school remedial reading class, with a particular focus on students’ perceptions of what it means to be literate and how their mandatory enrollment in the course impacted their identities. Compounding students’ experiences was the existence of a high‐stakes reading examination that all students in the district must pass to graduate high school. Findings describe the contrast between school literacies that students learn in class and their own literate practices, which neither youth nor their teacher recognized as literacies, as well as the functioning of the remedial reading class as a sort of “purgatory” that holds and segregates students, the majority of whom are students of color and/or from marginalized socioeconomic backgrounds, for semesters on end. Still, students employed tactical literacies to subvert the teacher’s directives and reclaim their time. These findings suggest that common approaches to remediation may be a cause of youth disinterest in reading and that youth literacies may be leveraged in service of broader literacy goals, although the school must first acknowledge them.
Tilings in randomly perturbed graphs: Bridging the gap between Hajnal‐Szemerédi and Johansson‐Kahn‐Vu
Authors: Han Jie , Morris Patrick , Treglown Andrew
Published: November 2020

A perfect Kr‐tiling in a graph G is a collection of vertex‐disjoint copies of Kr that together cover all the vertices in G. In this paper we consider perfect Kr‐tilings in the setting of randomly perturbed graphs; a model introduced by Bohman, Frieze, and Martin [7] where one starts with a dense graph and then adds m random edges to it. Specifically, given any fixed we determine how many random edges one must add to an n‐vertex graph G of minimum degree to ensure that, asymptotically almost surely, the resulting graph contains a perfect Kr‐tiling. As one increases we demonstrate that the number of random edges required “jumps” at regular intervals, and within these intervals our result is best‐possible. This work therefore closes the gap between the seminal work of Johansson, Kahn and Vu [25] (which resolves the purely random case, that is, ) and that of Hajnal and Szemerédi [18] (which demonstrates that for the initial graph already houses the desired perfect Kr‐tiling).
Error‐corrected estimation of a diagnostic accuracy index of a biomarker against a continuous gold standard
Authors: Wu Mixia , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Wei , Zhang Xu , Liu Aiyi
Published: November 2020

This article concerns evaluating the effectiveness of a continuous diagnostic biomarker against a continuous gold standard that is measured with error. Extending the work of Obuchowski (2005, 2016), Wu et al (2016) suggested an accuracy index and proposed an estimator for the index with error‐prone standard when the reliability coefficient is known. Combining with additional measurements (without measurement errors) on the continuous gold standard collected from some subjects, this article proposes two adaptive estimators of the accuracy index when the reliability coefficient is unknown, and further establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of these estimators. Simulation studies are conducted to compare various estimators. Data from an intervention trial on glycemic control among children with type 1 diabetes are used to illustrate the proposed methods.
Folate Hydrolase-1 (Folh1) is a Novel Target for Antibody-Based Brachytherapy in Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ramirez-Fort M. K. , Meier-Schiesser B. , Lachance K. , Mahase S. S. , Church C. D. , Niaz M. J. , Liu H. , Navarro V. , Nikolopoulou A. , Kazakov D. V. , Contassot E. , Nguyen D. P. , Sach J. , Hadravsky L. , Sheng Y. , Tagawa S. T. , Wu X. , Lange C. S. , French L. E. , Nghiem P. T. , Bander N. H.
Published: November 2020

Backgrounds

Folate Hydrolase-1 (FOLH1; PSMA) is a type II transmembrane protein, luminally expressed by solid tumour neo-vasculature. Monoclonal antibody (mAb), J591, is a vehicle for mAb-based brachytherapy in FOLH1+ cancers. Brachytherapy is a form of radiotherapy that involves placing a radioactive material a short distance from the target tissue (e.g., on the skin or internally); brachytherapy is commonly accomplished with the use of catheters, needles, metal seeds and antibody or small peptide conjugates. Herein, FOLH1 expression in primary (p) and metastatic (m) Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is characterized to determine its targeting potential for J591-brachytherapy.

Materials & Methods

Paraffin sections from pMCC and mMCC were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for FOLH1. Monte Carlo simulation was performed using the physical properties of conjugated radioisotope lutetium-177. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were calculated based on patient outcome data and FOLH1 expression.

Results

Eighty-one MCC tumours were evaluated. 67% (54/81) of all cases, 77% (24/31) pMCC and 60% (30/50) mMCC tumours were FOLH1+. Monte Carlo simulation showed highly localized ionizing tracks of electrons emitted from the targeted neo-vessel. 42% (34/81) of patients with FOLH1+/− MCC had available survival data for analysis. No significant differences in our limited data set were detected based on FOLH1 status (p = 0.4718; p = 0.6470), staining intensity score (p = 0.6966; p = 0.9841) or by grouping staining intensity scores (− and + vs. ++, +++, +++) (p = 0.8022; p = 0.8496) for MCC-specific survival or recurrence free survival, respectively.

Conclusions

We report the first evidence of prevalent FOLH1 expression within MCC-associated neo-vessels, in 60-77% of patients in a large MCC cohort. Given this data, and the need for alternatives to immune therapies it is appropriate to explore the safety and efficacy of FOLH1-targeted brachytherapy for MCC.

What's already known about this topic?  •We report the first evidence of prevalent folate hydrolase-1 (FOLH1; also known as prostate-specific membrane antigen) expression within MCC-associated neovessels.

What does this study add?  •Herein, FOLH1 expression in Merkel cell carcinoma neovasculature is validated, and the therapeutic mechanism of specific, systemic targeting of disseminated disease with antibody-based brachytherapy, is defined.
Behind closed doors: Are sonographers coping? A literature review of sonographer burnout
Authors: Cohen Catherine , Childs Jessie , Maranna Sandhya
Published: November 2020

With growing recognition of the way occupational health and safety physically impacts, how sonographers perform daily tasks, little research pertaining to the emotional challenges and subsequent burnout faced by sonographers on a daily basis has been undertaken. This narrative literature review aims to investigate the incidence and potential causes of burnout amongst sonographers in order to further explore sonographer well‐being. A literature search of medical databases and Google scholar was undertaken to identify articles related to the incidence and causes of sonographer burnout. This review revealed that the prevalence of sonographer burnout is high in Australasia and varied across different populations. Many potential causes of burnout have been postulated within the literature including increased scan numbers or work hours per week, working in hospital settings and chronic exposure to emotionally stressful situations. This review revealed that there is a paucity of published research discussing the incidence and causes of sonographer burnout to date. Further research is needed to investigate this very relevant topic.
Want to Make Fisheries More Diverse and Inclusive? Tell New Stories!
Authors: Nielsen Larry A.
Published: November 2020

Creating a diverse and inclusive fisheries profession requires telling new stories. While we revere the well‐known pioneers in our profession, we must expand beyond them. New stories, like those in my book, Nature’s Allies, show that conservationists come from all walks of life, proving that anyone and everyone can be a member and leader in our field. For example, the life of Billy Frank Jr., a Native American fisherman from western Washington, shows how his passion for salmon and for Native Americans’ legitimate treaty fishing rights led to a revolution in fisheries management in the Pacific Northwest. To achieve diversity and inclusion, we must (1) confront our implicit biases, (2) recruit from different sources and communities, and (3) tell stories and show pictures of diverse people and activities.
Histological and transcriptional effects of androstenedione in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Liang Yan‐Qiu , Pan Chang‐Gui , Xie Linchun , Huo Jialiang , Yang Jiahao , Lan Tianhong , Dong Zhongdian , Duan Meina
Published: November 2020

As a natural androgen, androstenedione (AED) may pose potential risks to aquatic organisms due to its ubiquitousness in aquatic environments. Here we assessed the adverse effects of AED on histology of gonads, as well as mRNA expression levels of 34 genes concerned with hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axis, germ‐cell differentiation and sex differentiation in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Adult zebrafish were exposed to solvent control and three measured concentrations of 0.2, 2.3 and 23.7 μg/L AED for 60 days. The results showed that AED did not induce any obvious histological effects in the ovaries and testes. Of the investigated genes, transcriptional expression levels of amh and cyp11c1 genes in the ovaries of females were significantly increased by AED at 2.3 or 23.7 μg/L. However, different exposure concentrations of AED significantly inhibited mRNA expression of gnrh3, atf4b1 and cyp19a1b in the brain of males. In the testes of males, AED at 2.3 μg/L led to a significant induction of sox9b gene, but it at 23.7 μg/L down‐regulated nr5a1b gene. These observed transcriptional changes indicated that AED could pose potential androgenic effects in zebrafish.
Development of new biosorbent materials from agricultural waste materials for the removal of Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution through the batch adsorption process
Authors: Okolo Bernard I. , Oke Emmanuel O. , Agu Chinedu M. , Nwosu‐Obieogu Kenechi , Adeyi Oladayo , Akatobi Kelechi N.
Published: November 2020

The investigation of the potentials of the acid modified Africa elemi seed, mucuna shell, and oyster shell as an adsorbent for the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solution using batch adsorption was carried out. The material characterization was carried out using Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of operational variables like adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time in the removal of Cd(II) ion was investigated. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm and kinetic behavior for MSA (mucuna shell adosrbent), AESA (Africa elemi seed adsorbent), and OSA (oyster shell adsorbent), respectively, were determined. From the result, it is shown that the adsorbents can remove both anionic and cationic particles. The result obtained showed that at 40 min contact time, 60 mg adsorbent dose, and solution pH of 8, the in maximum Cd(II) uptake was noticed. Among the three isotherm models applied, Langmuir provides the best fit. Under optimum conditions, the adsorption capacity of AESA, MSA, and OSA, was obtained as 110.6, 74.87, and 104.5, respectively. The correlation coefficient (R2) for AESA, MSA, and OSA was 0.996, 0.988, and 0.980, respectively. The experimental data for kinetic study follows the pseudo–second‐order model.
Prediction of reaction rate constants of hydroxyl radical with chemicals in water
Authors: Yu Xinliang , Liu Jun
Published: November 2020

The rate constants (kOH) of the reactions between organic micropollutants with hydroxyl radical (•OH) in aqueous systems are an important parameter to evaluate the persistence of organic compounds in the environment. In this paper, a support vector machine (SVM) model based on five descriptors was built to predict the reaction rate constants (log K = (log kOH)/MW). The quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model of log Kwas obtained from a training set (600 compounds) and validated with a test set (395 compounds). The coefficients of determinationR2of the training and test sets are 0.923 and 0.925, respectively. The results suggest that the SVM model developed in this work possesses satisfactory prediction ability.

Practitioner points

The rate constants of the reactions of organic micropollutants with •OH in aqueous systems were investigated.

SVM model was established for the reaction rate constants (log K = (log kOH)/MW).

Only five molecular descriptors were used to predict 995 log K.

A large data set was used for the test set (395 compounds).
Objective and subjective responses to motion sickness: the group and the individual
Authors: Irmak Tugrul , Pool Daan M. , Happee Riender
Published: November 2020

We investigated and modeled the temporal evolution of motion sickness in a highly dynamic sickening drive. Slalom maneuvers were performed in a passenger vehicle, resulting in lateral accelerations of 0.4 g at 0.2 Hz, to which participants were subjected as passengers for up to 30 min. Subjective motion sickness was recorded throughout the sickening drive using the MISC scale. In addition, physiological and postural responses were evaluated by recording head roll, galvanic skin response (GSR) and electrocardiography (ECG). Experiment 1 compared external vision (normal view through front and side car windows) to internal vision (obscured view through front and side windows). Experiment 2 tested hypersensitivity with a second exposure a few minutes after the first drive and tested repeatability of individuals’ sickness responses by measuring these two exposures three times in three successive sessions. An adapted form of Oman’s model of nausea was used to quantify sickness development, repeatability, and motion sickness hypersensitivity at an individual level. Internal vision was more sickening compared to external vision with a higher mean MISC (4.2 vs. 2.3), a higher MISC rate (0.59 vs. 0.10 min−1) and more dropouts (66% vs. 33%) for whom the experiment was terminated due to reaching a MISC level of 7 (moderate nausea). The adapted Oman model successfully captured the development of sickness, with a mean model error, including the decay during rest and hypersensitivity upon further exposure, of 11.3%. Importantly, we note that knowledge of an individuals’ previous motion sickness response to sickening stimuli increases individual modeling accuracy by a factor of 2 when compared to group-based modeling, indicating individual repeatability. Head roll did not vary significantly with motion sickness. ECG varied slightly with motion sickness and time. GSR clearly varied with motion sickness, where the tonic and phasic GSR increased 42.5% and 90%, respectively, above baseline at high MISC levels, but GSR also increased in time independent of motion sickness, accompanied with substantial scatter.
Climatology of diablo winds in Northern California and their relationships with large-scale climate variabilities
Authors: Liu Yi-Chin , Di Pingkuan , Chen Shu-Hua , Chen XueMeng , Fan Jiwen , DaMassa John , Avise Jeremy
Published: November 2020

The most destructive wildfires recently in Northern California have been linked to the occurrences of Diablo Winds (DWs). This study investigates the climatology of DWs during September–December 1979–2018, and their relationships with various climate modes using observations and two high-resolution reanalysis datasets. Our finding shows that DWs do not have a long-term trend in terms of the annual total number, total duration, and associated maximum wind speeds of DWs over the past 4 decades. However, their associated minimum relative humidity (RH) has decreased significantly, especially in October, which suggests that the dryness during DWs has become more severe with time, possibly leading to an increased chance of fires, and their destructive potential. We also find that the annual total number and duration of DWs have exhibited an quasi-periodic variation, with intervals ranging from 2 to 4 years. The periodic variability of DWs might be attributed to the teleconnections between DWs and climate oscillations, specifically the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), through their modulation of pressure systems near California and the location of the Pacific jet stream. It is suggested that when La Niña and the QBO westerly phases co-occur in the spring, DWs in the following fall and winter tend to occur more frequently, and are associated with more intense high winds and dryness as compared to other springtime QBO and ENSO phases. This relationship may be used to predict the seasonal outlook of DWs.