bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Not Continuing Initiated Breastfeeding among Saudi Females in Abha
Authors: Mandoura Yasmin Taha , Alsaleh Majed , Al-Saleem Safar Abadi
Published: November 2021

Background: Despite the health, social and economic benefits of breastfeeding (BF) for both mother and child are well established and accepted throughout the world, the prevalence of breast feeding worldwide has not met the optimal target of WHO recommendation. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of breastfeeding and determinants of not continuing initiated breast feeding among Saudi females. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the primary healthcare centers` clinics and outpatient pediatric clinics of Abha maternity and children hospital, Saudi Arabia. It included a random sample of Saudi mothers with children aged up to two years of life. A validated questionnaire was utilized for data collection. It included three main parts: socio demographic data, the medical and health condition for the mother and current child and the attitudes of mother toward BF, BF pattern for the last child, and reasons for discontinuity of BF. Results: The study included 276 mothers. The majority of them (88.1%) were aged between 20 and 39 years and were Saudi nationals (90.2%). History of receiving any health education about breast feeding was observed among the majority of the participants (91.7%). The most frequently reported source of health education was self-education through reading (39.1%), followed by doctors (30.4%), nurses (29.6%) and relatives/friends (27.7%). Overall, slightly more than half of them (51.1%) expressed a positive attitude towards breast feeding; particularly non-Saudi mothers (adjusted odds ratio “aOR”:0.44, and those whose main source of information was nurses or self-education (aOR: 0.27 and 0.12, respectively). The majority of the participating women (86.2%) initiated breastfeeding for their newborns. Among them, 80.7% discontinued BF; particularly Saudi mothers (aOR: 0.08), mothers with higher education (aOR: 5.05-10.21), governmental employees (aOR: 3.51), those living in a separate house (aOR: 2.21), delivered by cesarean section (aOR: 11.14), reported NICU admission of their newborns (aOR: 9.13) and those who expressed a negative attitude towards BF (aOR: 0.25). The commonest reported causes of discontinuation of BF among the participants were thinking that breast milk is not enough (39.9%), going back to work (38.5%) and thinking that baby will be demanding on breastfeeding (13.3%). Conclusion: Initiation of breastfeeding was very highly practiced by mothers in Abha city, Saudi Arabia. However, its discontinuation before the recommended time is also a highly reported practice. Key words: Breastfeeding, initiation, discontinuation, Saudi Arabia.
Non-surgical options to treat androgenic alopecia
Authors: Abdalla Mazin
Published: November 2021

Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the commonest cause of hair loss in men and women. It is attributed to genetic and hormonal factors. This paper aims to discuss three non-surgical options to assess their use and effectiveness in treating AGA. This will include the following treatments: Minoxidil, Finasteride and low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Key words: Androgenic alopecia, Minoxidil, Finasteride, low-level laser therapy (LLLT)
MULHERES CRIMINOSAS E A GUERRA DAS FRONTEIRAS: UMA ANÁLISE PSICOSSOCIAL
Authors: Carvalhaes Flávia Fernandes de , Mansano Sonia Regina Vargas , Toneli Maria Juracy Filgueiras
Published: November 2021

Este artigo problematiza as maneiras como, entre os anos de 2000 e 2013, mulheres acusadas ou julgadas por crimes foram enunciadas na mídia impressa brasileira. A análise percorreu a construção social de quatro configurações subjetivas que estiveram presentes no cenário midiático: a vítima, a desequilibrada, a primeira-dama e a emancipada. Tendo como pano de fundo o debate das questões de gênero e da ordem capitalista hegemônica, adotou-se a cartografia como estratégia de investigação. Concluiu-se que a mídia está conectada a campos vivos e tensionados de forças, em que premissas tanto conservadoras quanto subversivas de gênero são produzidas.
Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Technology for Biomedical Application
Authors: Ruchel Khanikar Rakesh , Bailung Heremba
Published: November 2021

Cold plasma generated in an open environment with a temperature nearly around room temperature has recently been a topic of great importance. It has unlocked the door of plasma application in a new direction: biomedical applications. Cold atmospheric pressure (CAP) plasma comprises various neutral and charged reactive species, UV radiations, electric current/fields etc., which have several impactful effects on biological matter. Some of the significant biological effects of CAP plasma are inactivation of microorganism, stimulation of cell proliferation and tissue regeneration, destruction of cells by initializing apoptosis etc. Although the detailed mechanism of action of plasma on biomaterials is still not completely understood, some basic principles are known. Studies have indicated that the reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) play a crucial role in the observed biological effects. In this perspective, this chapter first provides a brief discussion on the fundamentals of CAP plasma and its generation methods. Then a discussion on the optical diagnostics methods to characterize the plasma is provided. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is used to identify the reactive species and to measure their relative concentration. Other important plasma parameters such as gas temperature, electron/excitation temperature and electron density measurement methods using OES have also been discussed. Then a discussion on the application of CAP plasma in biomedical field is provided. A thorough understanding of biochemical reaction mechanisms involving highly reactive plasma species will further improve and extend CAP plasma technology in biomedical applications.
Gravity Field Theory
Authors: Shehab Al-Banna Ahmed
Published: November 2021

Gravity keep all things on the earth surface on the ground. Gravity method is one of the oldest geophysical methods. It is used to solve many geological problems. This method can be integrated with the other geophysical methods to prepare more accepted geophysical model. Understanding the theory and the principles concepts considered as an important step to improve the method. Chapter one attempt to discuss Newton’s law, potential and attraction gravitational field, Geoid, Spheroid and geodetically figure of the earth, the gravity difference between equator and poles of the earth and some facts about gravity field.
Diabetes Detection and Prevention in Dermatology
Authors: Ngo Alexandra , Froessl Luise , McWhorter John Wesley , Perkison William Brett , Katta Rajani
Published: November 2021

We are currently in the midst of an international epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM) and prediabetes. The prevalence of DM in the United States is estimated at 9.4% of the population across all ages, while an estimated 1 in 3 Americans (33.9%) has prediabetes. According to the WHO, about 60 million people suffer from diabetes in the European Region. Dermatologists may play an important role in tackling this epidemic via efforts to improve early detection of both diabetes and prediabetes. Dermatologists often treat patients with, or at risk of, diabetes. This includes patients who present with cutaneous manifestations such as acanthosis nigricans, as well as patient populations at increased risk, including those with psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Simple screening guidelines can be used to identify patients at risk, and screening can be performed via a single non-fasting blood test. The diagnosis of prediabetes is a key feature in diabetes prevention, as interventions in this group can markedly reduce progression towards diabetes. In addition to referral to a primary care physician, dermatologists may refer these patients directly to structured behavioral lifestyle intervention programs known as diabetes prevention programs. A significant portion of the population lacks routine care by a primary care physician, and current data indicates need for improvement in diabetes screening and prevention among patient groups such as those with psoriasis. These factors highlight the importance of the dermatologist’s role in the detection and prevention of diabetes.
AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR E A SUA CONTRIBUIÇÃO NUTRICIONAL: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DE LITERATURA
Authors: Lamonatto Taglietti Roberta , Paz Arruda Teo Carla Rosane , Assumpção Vieira Gisele
Published: November 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as contribuições nutricionais dos alimentos provenientes da agricultura familiar na alimentação escolar apresentadas por estudos científicos. Este é um estudo de Revisão Integrativa de Literatura realizado no período de 2009 a 2017. Foram selecionados, para compor a revisão, 11 artigos, sendo que da análise do conteúdo emergiram duas categorias temáticas – percepções da contribuição nutricional e contribuição quantitativa e qualitativa –. Na primeira categoria estão os trabalhos que abordam a contribuição nutricional evidenciada por meio de percepções de atores sociais envolvidos neste processo de aquisição e oferta de alimentos. Já na segunda categoria, estão os trabalhos que abordam a contribuição nutricional de forma qualitativa em termos de variedade, frequência de grupos alimentares adquiridos e oferecidos no cardápios escolares, origem e grau de processamento dos alimentos, presença de frutas e hortaliças, características nutricionais de grupos alimentares, e quantitativa em termos de nutrientes. Os estudos indicados nesta revisão concluem a efetiva contribuição nutricional deste modelo de aquisição de alimentos. Entretanto, os estudos realizam, prioritariamente, análises qualitativas desta contribuição, não estabelecendo relações quantitativas.
ALIMENTOS VENDIDOS EM ESCOLAS E NO SEU ENTORNO: UMA ANÁLISE DO ACESSO E DA QUALIDADE DOS ALIMENTOS NO AMBIENTE ESCOLAR
Authors: Aguirre Taane De Oliveira , Paini Daniela , Bauermann Carla Cristina , Bohrer Cariza Teixeira , Kirsten Vanessa Ramos
Published: November 2021

OBJETIVO: Objetivou-se verificar a frequência e as características das cantinas escolares quanto ao tipo de alimento ofertado, venda informal de alimentos no âmbito escolar e de comércio de alimentos no entorno das escolas. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo de abordagem quali-quantitativa.O instrumento de coleta utilizado foi adaptado do Manual das Cantinas Saudáveis (2010). RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 21 escolas (10 estaduais, 10 municipais e 1 particular) de um município do Rio Grande do Sul, RS. A presença de cantinas escolares foi de 33,3% (n=7) das escolas. Destas, 6 são em escolas estaduais e 1 em escola particular. A frequência do comércio informal nas escolas foi de (42,9 %, n=8). Das cantinas escolares avaliadas, os alimentos mais comercializados foram: Cachorro quente (100%), torrada (100%), refrigerante (85,7%), pizza (85,7%), salgados fritos (85,7%), bolo com cobertura (85,7%) e salgados assados (85,7%). No comércio informal os que obtiveram maior disponibilidade foram: Refrigerante (87,5%), salgados fritos (75%), bolo com cobertura (75%) e cachorro quente (62,5%). Foram identificados 17 comércios de alimentos no entorno das escolas e o minimercado foi o estabelecimento mais encontrado (52,9%, n=9). Os alunos têm permissão para sair da escola para comprar alimentos em período de aula em apenas 2 escolas (9,5%) e foi verificado que os alunos compram alimentos nestes comércios antes de iniciar e/ou ao final da aula (28,6 %, n=6).CONCLUSÃO:Conclui-se que a presença de cantinas no município se restringiu a escolas estaduais e partículas e os alimentos ofertados nas escolas são alimentos considerados de baixo valor nutricional e inadequados à promoção da saúde na escola.
USO DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS E FITOTERÁPICOS ENTRE USUÁRIOS DE UMA CLÍNICA UNIVERSITÁRIA DE FISIOTERAPIA DO NOROESTE DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Da Cunha Laís Corrêa , Deuschle Viviane Cecília Kessler Nunes , Norbert Deuschle Regis Augusto
Published: November 2021

O uso de plantas medicinais para a prevenção e tratamento de doenças data de muitos anos, sendo a sua utilização perpetuada em maior ou menor grau através das gerações. A relativa facilidade de acesso e o baixo custo estão entre os fatores que impulsionam o uso pela população. Aliadas aos fitoterápicos, constituem bens sociais muito utilizados pela população brasileira. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o uso de plantas medicinais e medicamentos fitoterápicos pelos usuários de uma clínica universitária de fisioterapia do noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul. Foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo transversal com a aplicação de questionário estruturado com perguntas abertas e fechadas, o qual foi aplicado a uma população de 25 indivíduos no mês de novembro de 2019. Observou-se que 100% dos participantes utilizavam plantas medicinais, sendo a marcela e camomila as mais frequentes. Apenas 4% dos entrevistados informaram já ter utilizado medicamento fitoterápico. Entre os participantes, 96% informaram acreditar que as plantas medicinais não possuem efeitos adversos, 64% informaram que possuem a planta usada cultivada em sua própria residência e 92% aprenderam a utilize-las através de ensinamentos de parentes. Foi analisada na literature a possível existência de interações entre os medicamentos e as plantas medicinais utilizadas pelos participantes, encontrando-se interações com medicamentos antihipertensivos, anti-inflamatórios e antidiabéticos. Para algumas plantas citadas pelos entrevistados não foi encontrado embasamento científico para as indicações para as quais eram utilizadas. Devido o uso difundido das plantas medicinais na população, observa-se a necessidade de uma maior contribuição dos profissionais da saúde para orientar sobre o uso racional dos produtos naturais.
O treinamento muscular inspiratório incrementa o equilíbrio postural em pacientes submetidos à reabilitação cardíaca: um estudo piloto.
Authors: Albuquerque Isabella
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do treinamento muscular inspiratório (TMI) associado à reabilitação cardíaca (RC) no equilíbrio postural, força muscular inspiratória e periférica de pacientes inseridos na Fase II da RC. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de delineamento do tipo quase-experimental. Previamente as avaliações iniciais, 12 indivíduos foram randomizados em grupo treinamento muscular inspiratório (GTMI, n=7), com carga de treinamento de moderada a alta intensidade ou em grupo treinamento muscular inspiratório Sham (GTMIS, n=5) com carga mínima mantida constante. Os seguintes desfechos foram avaliados: equilíbrio postural (Berg Balance Scale-BBS e Balance Evaluation Systems Test-BESTest); força muscular inspiratória (pressão inspiratória máxima-PImáx); força muscular periférica (teste de uma repetição máxima-1RM); confiança auto-percebida (Activities-specific Balance Confidence-ABC); mobilidade funcional (Timed Up and Go-TUG) e velocidade da marcha (teste de velocidade da marcha de 6 metros). O protocolo de treinamento consistiu em TMI, exercício aeróbico e resistido durante 12 semanas, com duas sessões semanais. Resultados: Os achados deste estudo piloto demonstraram que após intervenção, na comparação intra grupo, o GTMI apresentou incremento no escore do BESTest (pré 94,7 pontos vs pós 101 pontos, p=0,001), na PImáx expressos em valores absolutos (pré 81,43 cmH2O vs pós 105,86 cmH2O, p=0,006) e na porcentagem atingida do predito (pré 89,37% vs pós 115,10%, p=0,002), assim como, a redução no tempo do TUG (pré 8,04 s vs pós 6,54 s, p=0,009). Na comparação entre os grupos, houve aumento no escore do BESTest (p=0,049) e na PImáx expressos em valores absolutos (p=0,041) e na porcentagem atingida do predito (p=0,017) à favor do GTMI. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo piloto sugerem que o TMI combinado à RC propiciou incremento no equilíbrio postural e na força muscular inspiratória, porém sem implicações na força muscular periférica de cardiopatas inseridos na RC – Fase II.
APLICATIVOS MÓVEIS EM SAÚDE E NUTRIÇÃO: UMA VISÃO ABRANGENTE
Authors: Terebinto Emili , Teixeira Bohrer Cariza , Dallepiane Loiva Beatriz
Published: November 2021

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar nas publicações nacionais e internacionais indexadas nas principais bases de dados, as características adotadas no desenvolvimento dos aplicativos móveis de saúde e nutrição. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura pesquisando nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs e Periódicos Capes, artigos publicados no período de 2010 a 2020 abrangendo textos em inglês, espanhol ou português. Os resultados demonstram que a maioria dos aplicativos foram direcionados a pacientes e objetivavam educar/informar ou buscar informações quanto à alimentação e estilo de vida saudável se relacionando intimamente com a área da nutrição. Os artigos tratavam de desenvolvimento e teste do aplicativo. Quanto às características técnicas, verificou-se que as mais importantes se referiram à personalização de acordo com os usuários, linguagem de fácil compreensão, interface de fácil manuseio, arquitetura adequada de fácil identificação do que deve ser clicado e utilizando-se poucos cliques. O que facilitou o uso dos aplicativos foi a acessibilidade/clareza, simplicidade e motivação que ele apresenta ao usuário. Como principal dificuldade, percebeu-se a disponibilidade heterogênea de acesso à internet. Tais características são consideradas importantes, pois podem promover melhorias e adequações na aplicação móvel em saúde e nutrição, de modo com que o sistema apresente o foco no usuário e satisfaça suas necessidades.
Agrotóxicos comercializados no Brasil com potencial carcinogênico para humanos
Authors: De Barros Francisco Bernardo , Leandro Cícero Dos Santos , Dos Santos João Roberto Pereira , Azevedo Francisco Roberto de , Cândido Estelita Lima
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Apontar os agrotóxicos ou ingredientes ativos com potencial carcinogênico, legalmente comercializados no Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo documental produzido com base na análise do relatório anual de câncer de 2019, emitido pela Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) e nas 128 monografias disponibilizadas pela International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) até o final de 2020, bem como na consulta da lista de monografias autorizadas pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Resultados: Foram identificados 69 ingredientes ativos de agrotóxicos que são comercializados no Brasil. Nenhum deles é classificado como carcinógeno. Entretanto, 42 foram considerados provavelmente cancerígenos, sendo 38 deles segundo a classificação da EPA e quatro de acordo com a IARC. Os outros 27 são classificados como possíveis cancerígenos, sendo 25 classificados pela EPA e dois de acordo com a IARC. Considerações finais: É necessária uma revisão no registro dessas substâncias no Brasil, visando evitar imensuráveis danos à saúde humana.
Methodological aspects of patient safety culture research: A scoping Review
Authors: Pol Thaiane Almeida S. , Figueiredo Karla Crozeta , Portella Patricia Cardoso , Figueredo Alda Souza , Bicalho Cleide Straub da Silva
Published: November 2021

Investigating the safety culture has been relevant for more than two decades as a tool to improve the quality of patient care. This is a scope review of the last 20 years, whose objective is to investigate the type and prevalence of methodological approaches to patient safety culture and climate research. A review protocol was registered. The results were reported according to reports of preferred items for systematic reviews and extension of meta-analyzes for scope reviews (PRISMA-ScR). 107 studies were included. From the results, three major themes emerged for discussion, and the studies were classified into 1) Methodological approach and indeterminate use of concepts of climate and safety culture; 2) The isolated use of self-administered questionnaires in safety culture surveys and 3) A survey of the mixed methods approach in patient safety culture research. The quantitative approach was shown to be predominant, with the use of self-administered questionnaires for studies of the climate and culture of patient safety. The studies pointed out several limitations in the exclusive use of questionnaires, emphasizing the need to include multimethod research and the use of qualitative data collection techniques as an essential complement for the diagnosis of the patient safety culture.
Construção e validação de uma cartilha sobre chás medicinais para pacientes em tratamento de câncer de próstata
Authors: Silva Samuel Alves , Oliveira Francisca Vilma , Sampaio Helena Alves Carvalho , Henriques Eliane Mara Viana , Carioca Antônio Augusto Ferreira , Jorge Maria Salete Bessa , Vergara Clarice Maria Araújo Chagas
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Este trabalho busca construir e validar uma cartilha educativa sobre chás medicinais destinada a pacientes com câncer de próstata pautada nos fundamentos do letramento em saúde. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica desenvolvida a partir das seguintes etapas: levantamento dos chás mais utilizados por pacientes com câncer de próstata, revisão bibliográfica, elaboração da cartilha e validação. O levantamento da utilização de chás foi realizado junto a pacientes com câncer de próstata atendidos em uma unidade de referência no tratamento da doença. A revisão bibliográfica focou nas plantas referidas por eles para fazer chás (indicações, como usar, riscos e benefícios) e em aspectos operacionais da aplicação dos fundamentos do letramento em saúde (LS) na elaboração de materiais educativos. A elaboração da cartilha foi pautada nos chás citados pelo público alvo e nos fundamentos do LS. A validação ocorreu em duas etapas: validação com juízes e com o público-alvo. Resultados: Quanto a sua leiturabilidade, a cartilha atingiu um Índice FREport de 75,642, sendo compatível com um nível de leitura muito fácil (até 5 anos de estudo). A pontuação geral atribuída pelos juízes foi 87%, recebendo classificação de material superior. O público-alvo aprovou a cartilha. Ambos apontaram sugestões de melhoria, as quais foram todas aceitas e incorporadas na versão final. Conclusão: Obteve-se uma cartilha educativa sobre chás medicinais validada e totalmente voltada para o perfil de pacientes com câncer de próstata, atendendo aos fundamentos do letramento em saúde.
Intranational University Student Mobility: A Case Study of Student Migration and Graduate Retention in Eastern Canada
Authors: Kirby Dale
Published: November 2021

While international student mobility has received much examination, intranational student mobility is a lesser-studied area. Data shows that residents of the four Easternmost Canadian provinces are more likely to travel outside of their home province to undertake university studies than other Canadians. Beginning in the mid-1990s, Memorial University of Newfoundland experienced a near ten-fold increase in the enrolment of students from the three nearby Maritime provinces. Previous study of this enrolment trend indicated that the increase was partially driven by Memorial’s lower tuition fees. Guided by the conceptual lenses of student choice frameworks, tuition price sensitivity analyses, and student migration studies, this study was carried out to examine the persistence and graduation rates of the 2010 Maritime student cohort, where they resided following their university studies, and factors influencing their decisions to stay or leave Newfoundland and Labrador. This research primarily relied on university administrative records and participant survey responses. The results showed that almost 40% of the 2010 Maritime student cohort had dropped out two years after their initial enrolment at Memorial and by the sixth year, their graduation rate (45%) was far below the overall graduation rate for Canadian students in undergraduate degree programs (74%). In addition, almost 78% of those who were successfully surveyed in autumn 2020 were no longer residing in Newfoundland and Labrador. While there are limitations to the interpretation of the results, they raise important questions about tuition fee polices and their connection (or not) to population growth.
Creation of comfortable living environment for senior people in the context of strategic documents of the Russian Federation
Authors: Tolochko Olga Romanovna
Published: November 2021

The object of this research is the comfort of living environment for people of senior age. The subject of this research is the strategic, normative, and methodological documents of the Russian Federation concerning senior people. In the context of strategic documents of the Russian Federation, special attention is given to the problem of creating a comfortable living environment for senior people as a growing new group of consumers. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the worldwide tendency of population ageing alongside the growing importance of personal comfort within the system of worldview upon the formation of urban and residential environments. The scientific hypothesis is advanced that the increased comfort of the living environment for senior people promotes active longevity and improvement of the quality of life, which in turn, is the key goal of the Russian strategic government programs. The article analyzes the strategic, normative, and methodological documents of the Russian Federation on the improvement of comfort of living environment for people of senior age. The author's contribution to this research consists in identification of flaws in the mechanisms of formation of comfortable living environment for senior people in the Russian Federation, and offers solutions to this issue. Senior citizens should be recognized as a special and expanding group of consumers that opens a new niche in the market of goods and housing services in form of personal specialized housing integrated into the urban development. The author also believes that it is necessary to integrate new urban planning and organizational-administrative decisions on the basis of methodological construction documents, as well as documents on the development residential construction in the Russian Federation, into the strategic tasks on supporting senior population. In order to develop the reform mechanism for the creation of comfortable living environment, it is necessary to consolidate certain actions on the federal level.
The effects in assistance indicators of changes on a nursing team
Authors: Torres Isabella Moreira , Fonseca Cristina Luiza Ramos da , Barbosa Allan Claudius Queiroz
Published: November 2021

Introduction: This article discusses the path of healthcare associated infections (HAI) indicators in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a public teaching hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, after certain change in its nursing staff: pair of nursing caregivers. The model of a pair of caregivers consists in assigning one nurse and one nursing technician for every three patients. The indicators analyzed were infection related to central venous catheters (CVCs), the risk of HAI, turnover, and absenteeism. Objective: The objective of this paper is to understand the impact of the restructuring of the nursing staff in Human Resources and on the rate of infection in the ICU. Methods: As for methods, it is a qualitative and descriptive research carried out as a case study. Results: The results have shown that the risk of HAIs significantly increased after the change in staffing, but the density of vascular access infection associated with CVCs was drastically reduced. The results of turnover of nursing technics decreased and the turnover of nurses increased while the absenteeism of the nursing team decreased after the change. The interviews revealed that there was a gain at the care due to the change. Conclusion: As a conclusion, the results of the study have shown that the proposed nursing model caused a care gain, once the interviews exposed that and indicator directly related to nursing team care (infection associated with CVCs) decreased.
Factors associated with intensity and frequent low back pain in high school students
Authors: Vitta Alberto de , Perrucini Priscila de Oliveira , Bento Thiago Paulo Frascareli , Cornélio Gulherme Porfírio , Felippe Lilian Assunção , Simeão Sandra Fiorelli Almeida Penteado
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Low back pain is frequent among schoolchildren and the variables related to high intensity and high back frequency are important predictors for the increase of such complaints in adulthood. Objective: To determine the high intensity and high frequency of low back pain and its associated factors in high school students. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 760 students (319 boys and 441 girls) who reported low back pain. Demographic, socioeconomic, electronic devices, habitual physical activity practice, mental health, and high frequency and high intensity low back pain data were collected. Descriptive analyzes and bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used. Results: Of the total number of subjects with low back pain, 14.6% reported high frequency of pain, being 36.9% boys and 63.1% girls, while 42.6% reported high intensity, being 35.8% boys and 47.2% girls. The variables associated with the high frequency of low back pain were altered mental health, posture lying on the use of tablet, time of daily use of the cell phone and distance of the screen to the eyes of the computer user, while the female sex, mental health problem, posture lying on the use of cell phone and the distance of the screen to the eyes of the computer user with severe intensity of low back pain. Conclusion: The demographic factors and related to the use of electronic devices were associated with high intensity and high frequency of low back pain.
A mean-field approximation based BP algorithm for solving the stochastic block model
Authors: Ma Chuang , Yang Xiao-Long , Chen Han-Shuang , Zhang Hai-Feng ,   School of Internet, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China,   School of Physics and Material Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China,   School of Mathematical Science, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
Published: November 2021

As a mainstream algorithm for inferring probabilistic graphical models, belief propagation (BP) algorithm is one of the most important methods to solve the joint probability distribution in the stochastic block model. However, existing methods either lead to low accuracy in dealing with the core-periphery structure problem, or the theoretical derivation is difficult to understand due to a large number of approximation, or both exist. Of course, the reason for low accuracy comes from too many approximations. The main reason for many approximations and complex theoretical derivation is that the joint probability distribution in the inference process of the stochastic block model is not directly solved by the BP algorithm, that is, the graph (network) being processed is not consistent with the graph considered in the probabilistic graph model. Therefore, in this paper, a mean-field approximation is developed to modify the joint probability distribution to make the BP algorithm match perfectly, which makes the theoretical derivation easy to understand. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by the experimental results.
A genome-phenome association study in native microbiomes identifies a mechanism for cytosine modification in DNA and RNA
Authors: Yang Weiwei , Lin Yu-Cheng , Johnson William , Dai Nan , Vaisvila Romualdas , Weigele Peter , Lee Yan-Jiun , Corrêa Ivan R , Schildkraut Ira , Ettwiller Laurence
Published: November 2021

Shotgun metagenomic sequencing is a powerful approach to study microbiomes in an unbiased manner and of increasing relevance for identifying novel enzymatic functions. However, the potential of metagenomics to relate from microbiome composition to function has thus far been underutilized. Here, we introduce the Metagenomics Genome-Phenome Association (MetaGPA) study framework, which allows linking genetic information in metagenomes with a dedicated functional phenotype. We applied MetaGPA to identify enzymes associated with cytosine modifications in environmental samples. From the 2365 genes that met our significance criteria, we confirm known pathways for cytosine modifications and proposed novel cytosine-modifying mechanisms. Specifically, we characterized and identified a novel nucleic acid-modifying enzyme, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine carbamoyltransferase, that catalyzes the formation of a previously unknown cytosine modification, 5-carbamoyloxymethylcytosine, in DNA and RNA. Our work introduces MetaGPA as a novel and versatile tool for advancing functional metagenomics.
Structural insight into the dual function of LbpB in mediating Neisserial pathogenesis
Authors: Yadav Ravi , Govindan Srinivas , Daczkowski Courtney , Mesecar Andrew , Chakravarthy Srinivas , Noinaj Nicholas
Published: November 2021

Lactoferrin-binding protein B (LbpB) is a lipoprotein present on the surface of Neisseria that has been postulated to serve dual functions during pathogenesis in both iron acquisition from lactoferrin (Lf), and in providing protection against the cationic antimicrobial peptide lactoferricin (Lfcn). While previous studies support a dual role for LbpB, exactly how these ligands interact with LbpB has remained unknown. Here, we present the structures of LbpB from N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae in complex with human holo-Lf, forming a 1:1 complex and confirmed by size-exclusion chromatography small-angle X-ray scattering. LbpB consists of N- and C-lobes with the N-lobe interacting extensively with the C-lobe of Lf. Our structures provide insight into LbpB’s preference towards holo-Lf, and our mutagenesis and binding studies show that Lf and Lfcn bind independently. Our studies provide the molecular details for how LbpB serves to capture and preserve Lf in an iron-bound state for delivery to the membrane transporter LbpA for iron piracy, and as an antimicrobial peptide sink to evade host immune defenses.
Oppmerksomt nærvær
Authors: Johansen Grethe , Alteren Johanne
Published: November 2021

Relasjonskompetanse innen psykisk helsearbeid har betydning for menneskers håp og livsmuligheter ved kriser og psykisk uhelse. Hensikten med studien er å utdype studentenes beskrivelse og forståelse av relasjonskompetanse etter endt videreutdanning innen psykisk helsearbeid. Studien har et beskrivende og utforskende design med en hermeneutisk tilnærming. Fem sykepleiere og to sosionomer ble intervjuet. Kvales tre nivåer av forståelse ble benyttet i analysen. Resultatet ble hovedtemaene: Å være menneske i møte med den andre og Å forstå hva som kreves i den konkrete situasjonen. Studentene beskrev og forsto relasjonskompetanse som oppmerksomt nærvær - en bevegelse mellom indre og ytre prosesser. Oppmerksomt nærvær ble uttrykt som bevegelse mellom det personlige og faglige og gjennom bevissthet om grenser i praksis. Oppmerksomt nærvær fremstår som en kompetanse og bør videreutvikles i videreutdanningen og praksisfeltet, knyttet til erfaringskunnskap.
Identification of keygenes, miRNAs and miRNA-mRNA regulatory pathways for chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Wang Wenwen , Zhang Wenwen , Hu Yuanjing
Published: November 2021

Background

Chemotherapy resistance, especially platinum resistance, is the main cause of poor prognosis of ovarian cancer. It is of great urgency to find molecular markers and mechanism related to platinum resistance in ovarian cancer.

Methods

One mRNA dataset (GSE28739) and one miRNA dataset (GSE25202) were acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The GEO2R tool was used to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) between platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer patients. Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis for DEGs were performed using the DAVID to present the most visibly enriched pathways. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) of these DEGs was constructed based on the information of the STRING database. Hub genes related to platinum resistance were visualized by Cytoscape software. Then, we chose seven interested hub genes to further validate using qRT-PCR in A2780 ovarian cancer cell lines. And, at last, the TF-miRNA-target genes regulatory network was predicted and constructed using miRNet software.

Results

A total of 63 upregulated DEGs, 124 downregulated DEGs, four upregulated miRNAs and six downregulated miRNAs were identified. From the PPI network, the top 10 hub genes were identified, which were associated with platinum resistance. Our further qRT-PCR showed that seven hub genes (BUB1, KIF2C, NUP43, NDC80, NUF2, CCNB2 and CENPN) were differentially expressed in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, the upstream transcription factors (TF) for upregulated DE-miRNAs were SMAD4, NFKB1, SMAD3, TP53 and HNF4A. Three overlapping downstream target genes (KIF2C, STAT3 and BUB1) were identified by miRNet, which was regulated by hsa-miR-494.

Conclusions

The TF-miRNA–mRNA regulatory pairs, that is TF (SMAD4, NFKB1 and SMAD3)-miR-494-target genes (KIF2C, STAT3 and BUB1), were established. In conclusion, the present study is of great significance to find the key genes of platinum resistance in ovarian cancer. Further study is needed to identify the mechanism of these genes in ovarian cancer.
Prevalence and Clinical Pattern of Localised Hypomelanosis in Children: An Observational Study
Authors: Sahana Venkatesan , Krishnakanth Muralidhar , Vishupriya Dhanaraj , Sudha Rangarajan , Maalakshmi Veeraraghavan , Murugan Sundaram
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Pigmentary changes in children can be a concern to parents, enabling them to seek medical opinion. Hypopigmentary lesions in the paediatric age group can be a trivial finding or may be a part of a multisystem disease. Identifying and prompt management of these lesions addresses the systemic involvement if any, and parents’ concern as well. Aim: To observe the prevalence and clinical pattern of localised hypomelanotic disorders in the paediatric age group (0-18 years). Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based observational study conducted for a period of two years (August 2017- August 2019), which included 204 paediatric patients with localised hypomelanotic lesion in children who attended the Dermatology Outpatient Department (OPD). Demographic data such as age, sex, history of onset and progression of skin lesions, general examination, specific cutaneous examination including the site, size, number, symmetry, distribution, etc., were recorded. Data were analysed using descriptive statistical methods. Results: Out of 204 cases, the most common hypopigmentary disorder was Pityriasis versicolor (38.7%), followed by Seborrhoeic dermatitis (18.1%), Pityriasis alba (8.8%) and Polymorphic light eruption (7.8%). Among them female children were 111 (54%) and male children were 93 (46%). The most commonly involved age group was 12-18 years (35%), followed by 6-12 years (32%). Face was the most commonly involved site accounting for, followed by back. The localised hypopigmented lesions are predominantly involved in the sun exposed area (78%). History of atopy and family history of atopy were seen in 5% and 8%, respectively. Conclusion: Pityriasis versicolor was the most common condition seen in this study. The sun exposed areas were frequently involved with face being the commonest. There was no underlying systemic disease involvement observed in this study. However certain conditions like hypomelanosis of Ito and Hansen’s need long term follow-up and prompt treatment to prevent complications respectively.
Role of Multidetector Computed Tomography in Patients of Acute Mesenteric Ischaemia and its Comparison with Clinicosurgical Outcome: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Salhotra Narinder , Dhawan Ritu , Galhotra Anisha , Galhotra Arnav , Kakkar Chandan , Dhanota Devinder Pal Singh , Nar Amandeep Singh , Gupta Kamini
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Acute mesenteric ischaemia is an abdominal emergency occurring in nearly 1% of patients presenting with acute abdomen. Early diagnosis is very important for the improved survival of the patient. Acute mesenteric ischaemia frequently presents with non specific features such as vomiting, loose stools and abdominal distension. The classical triad of fever, haematochezia and abdominal pain is seen in only 30% of the patients so, it is difficult to diagnose clinically. Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) is gold standard and first line test to diagnose intestinal ischaemia. Aim: To assess the efficacy of MDCT in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischaemia and to compare its outcome with surgical and/or clinical findings. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from 1st November 2018 to 31st May 2020, MDCT was performed on 40 patients (23 male; 17 female, age range: 28-93 years). Axial and reconstructed images of each patient were evaluated for evidence of bowel wall thickening, bowel wall attenuation, abnormal wall enhancement, bowel dilatation, mesenteric stranding, ascites, solid organ infarcts, pneumatosis intestinalis or portomesenteric gas, and mesenteric arterial or venous thrombosis. Multidetector CT findings were compared with the surgical findings and clinical outcome. Results were expressed in terms of frequency and percentages. Results: Out of 40 patients, most common cause of acute mesenteric ischaemia was arterial thrombosis, seen in 20 patients (50%) while 13 patients (32.5%) had portomesenteric venous thrombosis and 7 (17.5%) patients were diagnosed with non occlusive mesenteric ischaemia. CT finding of bowel wall thickening and bowel dilatation however non specific were seen in majority of patients (62.5% and 70%, respectively). Mesenteric fat stranding and ascites were seen in 95% and 77.5% cases respectively. Specific signs of acute mesenteric ischaemia includes hypoenhancing and non enhancing bowel walls seen in 27 patients (67.5%). Pneumatosis intestinalis and portomesenteric pneumatosis in 20% patients. A total of 27 patients underwent surgery and 13 patients were managed conservatively. On comparing the CT findings with intraoperative/ histopathological findings, accuracy of MDCT in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischaemia in this study was 96.39%. Conclusion: MDCT should be the first line imaging modality to diagnose acute mesenteric ischaemia and to exclude other causes of acute abdomen. It is an excellent and fast modality to diagnose bowel ischaemia, as it can visualise both the bowel and mesenteric changes as well as accurately depict the mesenteric vasculature.
Antibacterial Effect of Nymphaea lotus (Linn) Extracts on Enteric Bacteria Isolated from River Ogbese, Nigeria
Authors: Adenola O. J. , Olalemi A. O. , Ogundare A. O.
Published: November 2021

The increase in multidrug resistance pathogenic bacteria and decrease in efficiency of existing antibiotics is a serious global health concern which call for development of new alternative medicine and continuous research for new classes of antimicrobial agents that can be effective in destroying these multidrug resistant pathogens without or with minimal side effect and at an affordable cost. N. lotus has been reported to possess some amount of phytochemicals such as phenols, tannins, saponins, steroids, proanthocyanidins and flavanols which may serve as an effective antimicrobial agent. This study was aimed at determining the antibacterial effect of Nymphaea lotus (Linn) extracts on enteric bacteria isolated from River Ogbese, Nigeria. Water samples were collected every week for a period of sixteen (16) weeks aseptically and transported to the laboratory for microbiological and physicochemical examinations; enteric bacteria were isolated from the water samples using membrane filtration method. Bioactive components of N. lotus were extracted using Ethanol, water and N-Hexane solvents. In-vitro antibacterial effect of N. lotus extracts was assayed using agar well diffusion technique. Results showed Shigella and faecal coliforms had the highest occurrence in the water samples at (30.19%) followed by Salmonella (20.76%) and Escherichia coli (18.87%). Physicochemical characteristics of water samples from River Ogbese showed that water temperature ranged from 22.00 to 28.10 ℃, turbidity ranged from 2.00 to 33.80 NTU and phosphate ranged from 5.45 to 68.57 mg/L respectively. Whilst the isolates had the highest total percentage resistance to Augmentin at 20.03 %, ethanol extract of N. lotus exhibited the highest mean zone of inhibition of 24.67±0.67 mm against the isolates at 100 mg/mL respectively. The findings from this study suggest N. lotus extracts to be effective in the treatment of enteric infections that may occur as a result of consumption or contact with faecal impacted water.
Biosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles using Mucuna Pruriens and its Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity
Authors: Ali Shifa Jawahar , Geetha R. V. , Rajeshkumar S.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The field of Nanotechnology has gained importance since last century. Nanoparticles can be used in medicine due to its increased interaction with microbes and has less side effects than drugs. Antioxidant compounds scavenge free radicals and inhibit the oxidative mechanisms that lead to degenerative diseases. There is a growing number of diabetes patients all over the world. Wide varieties of synthetic drugs are being used for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, most of them possess side effects in the long run such as hepatotoxicity, abdominal pain, flatulence and diarrhea. Therefore, there is a need for a search of an alternate antidiabetic agent

Aim: The aim of the study is to synthesize Copper nanoparticles from Mucuna pruriens and to evaluate its antioxidant and antidiabetic activity.

Materials and methods: Plant extract of Mucuna pruriens was prepared and filtered by Whatman No 1 filter paper. Copper sulphate was added to the plant extract and kept in a magnetic stirrer for nanoparticle synthesis. The synthesized nanoparticle was preliminarily analysed using UV visible spectroscopy. Finally the left over solution was taken to calculate antioxidant activity and antidiabetic activity.

Results: Antioxidant activity was calculated by DPPH method and the percentage of inhibition of copper nanoparticles synthesised from Mucuna pruriens was 58.5% for 10µL, 59.6% for 20µL, 67.5% for 30µL, 71.4% for 40µL and 72.3% for 50µL. Antidiabetic activity was calculated by alpha-amylase inhibitory assay and the percentage of inhibition of copper nanoparticles synthesised from Mucuna pruriens was 66% for 10µL, 69% for 20µL, 73% for 30µL, 79% for 40µL and 80% for 50µL.

Conclusion: We can conclude that copper nanoparticles synthesised from Mucuna pruriens are a potent antioxidant and antidiabetic agent. Since it shows a good activity in free radical scavenging, copper nanoparticles can be used in a clinical therapeutic application and also in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Clinical pearls for the monitoring and treatment of antipsychotic induced metabolic syndrome
Authors: DeJongh Beth M.
Published: November 2021

Antipsychotic medications increase the risk of metabolic syndrome, which then increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and premature death. Routinely monitoring for signs of metabolic syndrome in patients taking antipsychotics allows for early detection and intervention. Psychiatric pharmacists can improve patient care through metabolic syndrome monitoring and recommendation of appropriate interventions. Monitoring for the metabolic adverse effects of antipsychotics, management of weight gain, and management of lipids and blood pressure are explored through 2 patient cases.