bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SITE INDEX OF SIAMESE ROSEWOOD (Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre) IN PLANTATIONS OF THAILAND
Authors: Phunchaisri Taengmoo , Wachrinrat Chongrak , Meunpong Ponthep , Tangmitcharoen Suwan , Kuasakun Nawaphong
Published: August 2020

Currently, decreased productivity of Siamese rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre) is a problem due to illegal logging and the guidelines to manage this prevention being may be insufficient. Forest plantations should be promoted to achieve sustainable wood production for this species. Site index (SI) is a measure that can be used to predict forest productivity to identify appropriate sites for planting Siamese rosewood. The objective of the current study was to predict the SI for Siamese rosewood in Thailand. A sample of 78 temporary plots at 26 sites in 16 provinces of Thailand was selected to construct a site index curve with a base age of 30 years. The results showed that the mean age of Siamese rosewood was 28 years (between 13 and 55 years), the mean diameter at breast height (DBH) was 20.03 cm (between 7.99 and 33.80 cm), and the mean dominant height was 20.79 m (between 7.32 and 24.82 m). The SI equation was: SI = e(lnHdo-12.476(A-1-Ab-1)) with an R2 value of 0.406 at p < 0.0001 (chosen as 30 years in the present study). The equation indicated that 14, 18, 22, 26, and 30 m trees belonged to site classes Î™, Î™Î™, Î™Î™Î™, Î™V, and V, respectively. Although in natural forest, Siamese rosewood is distributed in dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, in the present study, several sites in areas under both in situ and ex situ conservation were in the good and very good site categories. Thus, both areas can be used to plant Siamese rosewood and increase its productivity.
GENETIC VARIATION OF TEAK MISTLETOE (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) MIQ.) BASED ON RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) MARKERS
Authors: Muttaqin Zainal , Budi Sri Wilarso , Wasis Basuki , Siregar Iskandar Zulkarnaen , Corryanti Corryanti
Published: August 2020

Mistletoes are hemiparasitic macroparasite plants which interfere with trees and other wild plants in nutrient acquisition. As the plant has low leaf water potential, it draws water from teak wood tissues during the deciduous stage of the teak host, thereby killing the twigs and eventually, the teak tree. Mistletoes are also a key player in plant diversity. Therefore, the mistletoe population needs to be regulated not only as a parasite but also as a keystone species affecting biodiversity. Knowledge scarcity on the status of mistletoes includes its genetic variation. Hence, the purpose of this study is to analyze the level of genetic variation of teak mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra) using RAPD marker. At Padangan teak Clonal Seed Orchard (CSO), it was randomly collected leaf samples from three layers of the mistletoeâ€™s crown (upper, middle, and below) were taken from five host teak trees randomly selected from each of the sub-observation measure plots (OMP). Four OMP units inside the observation sample plots (OSP) (n = 3, 50 x 50 m) at different levels of infestation (light, moderate and heavy) were established. Analysis of the genetic variation and genetic distance of mistletoes hanging on the different crown layers were conducted using RAPD markers. The leaf samples from the crown layers, UU (upper crown and sub-section upper), UM (upper crown and sub-section middle), and UB (upper crown and sub-section below), which include U (upper crown) had significantly greater genetic variation (He = 0.181 â€“ 0.255) than those from M layer (middle crown, He = 0.227) and the B layer (below crown, He = 0.114). Furthermore, the widest genetic distance significantly occurred between the mistletoes of the UB and B crown layers (0.310), whereas the nearest genetic distance significantly occurred between mistletoes of UU and UM layers in the upper crown (0.038). Practical implications of the low genetic variation in this study include the control of mistletoe D. pentandra infestation by means of restricting its population so that Perhutani State Owned Forestry Enterprise can maintain the level of damage below the economic threshold.
Infância
Authors: Koyano Amayi Luiza Soares
Published: August 2020

Criação literária.
Em cada canto um canto
Authors: Carvelli Keissy Guariento
Published: August 2020

Criação literária.
Os estrangeiros de Azul Corvo, de Adriana Lisboa
Authors: Casais Allysson Augusto Silva
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho tem o propósito de entender como o romance Azul corvo (2010), de Adriana Lisboa, representa as diferentes maneiras de ser estrangeiro no mundo atual e os processos identitários e afetivos envolvidos na experiência. A obra narra a história de Vanja, uma adolescente de 13 anos que, após a morte da mãe, se muda do Brasil para os Estados Unidos, país onde nasceu, na busca por seu pai biológico. Em terras norte-americanas, a protagonista perpassa por transformações e se depara com outros imigrantes latinos vivendo experiências de errâncias que variam da sua. Com base nas teorias de Augé (1995), Said (2003), Santiago (2008), Canclini (2014), entre outros, chegamos à conclusão que Lisboa cria uma obra em que as modificações do espaço no qual a narradora se encontra inserida ao longo da narrativa são reflexo de mudanças identitárias pelas quais ela passa e que, com diz respeito ao deslocamento transnacional de pessoas, ele se dá de maneira diferente com base nos documentos carregados por esses indivíduos.
Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) fauna of Jabalpur City, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Jagat S. Flora  , Ashish D. Tiple  , Ashok Sengupta  , Sonali V. Padwad
Published: August 2020

The present study was carried out to reveal the butterfly species diversity in the Jabalpur City, Madhya Pradesh, India.  Study was carried out from January 2008 to 2018. A total of 112 species were recorded, with an addition of 41 new species for Jabalpur district and one species for the state of Madhya Pradesh.  Of the total, 42 species were very common, five were frequent common, 18 were rare, and four were very rare. Nymphalidae was dominant with 39 species, followed by Lycaenidae with 38, Pieridae with 15 species, Hesperiidae with 14, Papilionidae with eight and Riodinidae with one species.  About six species of the recorded ones come under the protection category of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.  The study illustrated the value of Jabalpur City area in hosting valuable resources for butterflies.
Open garbage dumps near protected areas in Uttarakhand: an emerging threat to Asian Elephants in the Shivalik Elephant Reserve
Authors: Puri Kanchan , Joshi Ritesh , Singh Vaibhav
Published: August 2020

Waste dumping sites near protected areas are a growing issue, which may affect the activities and behaviour of wildlife, more than what we notice.  Here, we present two of our case studies, where Asian Elephants were found feeding at garbage dumps in Haridwar and Ramnagar forest divisions in the Shivalik Elephant Reserve in Uttarakhand State.  Since garbage dumps may spread bacterial infection and induce adverse changes in the health conditions of the elephant population, we draw the attention of planners to develop a plan of action for proper disposal of the garbage through these preliminary observations, without affecting protected areas and wildlife species, including elephants.  Moreover, collection of data on the presence of garbage dumps across the reserve and a study on the behavioural responses of scavenging and non-scavenging animals visiting the dumps would give us a better understanding of the level of impact of garbage dumps for disposal planning. It is to emphasize that garbage does not constitute a part of natural food for elephants. There are restrictions and guidelines in the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972, Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 and Guidelines for Declaration of Eco-Sensitive Zones around National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries.
A new species of Dillenia (Angiosperms: Dilleniaceae) from the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: J. Swamy  , L. Rasingam  , S. Nagaraju  , Pooja R. Mane
Published: August 2020

Dillenia tirupatiensis sp. nov. (Dilleniaceae) is described from Chittoor District of Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh.  It is closely allied to D. hookeri, but differs in its leaf morphology, pedicel and bracteole length, flower colour, the arrangement of style pattern, and number of ovule rows in the carpels.
Butterfly diversity in an organic tea estate of Darjeeling Hills, eastern Himalaya, India
Authors: Pradhan Aditya , Khaling Sarala
Published: August 2020

The study was undertaken from March–May 2019 to explore the butterflies in the human-modified tea dominated landscape of Darjeeling Hills and understanding the diversity, community structure, habitat specialization, and conservation status of butterflies in an organic tea estate.  Sampling was done in the two representative ecosystems of tea plantation and secondary forest within the study area.  Altogether 71 species and sub-species across 43 genera belonging to five families were recorded during this study, of which seven are protected under the Wildlife (Protection) Act of India, 1972.
Habitat preference and current distribution of Chinese Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla L. 1758) in Dorokha Dungkhag, Samtse, southern Bhutan
Authors: Dorji Dago , Jambay  , Ju Lian Chong  , Dorji Tshering
Published: August 2020

The Chinese Pangolin (CP), Manis pentadactyla L. is one of the two pangolin species recorded in Bhutan.  Not many studies, however, were carried out on the species in Bhutan.  The present study was carried out to assess the habitat preference and current distribution of CP, Manis pentadactyla in Dorokha Dungkhag, Samtse from January to March 2017.  Belt transect method consisting of 100 x 100 m each was used to assess the habitat preference and estimate burrow density, coupled with an extensive search of indirect signs of pangolin presence (burrows, scat, footprint, scales, scratches) was utilized to determine the current distribution of the CP.  Modelling of habitat was carried out using QGIS and Maxent.  A total of 181 burrows were recorded from 48 plots with burrow density of 0.104 per hectare.  These were mostly distributed in the habitat dominated by needlework trees (Schima wallichii), evergreen broadleaf (Castanopsis hytrix) and shrubs (Viburnum species).  The preferred habitat of the CP was recorded to range from an altitude of 1,300–1,700 m, with highest feeding activities recorded within the periphery of cardamom plantation and adjacent forested area.  A higher burrow density was recorded in humid soils, with high termite presence, and in the vicinity of human settlements.  Habitat modelling revealed that 23.57km2 of the study area was highly suitable and 37.88km2 was a suitable habitat for the species.  Similar studies are suggested to be carried out in other parts of Bhutan in different seasons to better understand the species and its distribution in the country.
Puccinia duthiei Ellis & Tracy: a new host record on Chrysopogon velutinus from India
Authors: Suhas Kundlik Kamble
Published: August 2020

Chrysopogon Trinius belongs to poaceae is represented by 23 species in India. Rust disease is caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales, which comprises about 168 genera and nearby 7,000 species of rusts. An attempt has been made to record new rust fungi, Puccinia duthiae Ellis and Tracy on Chrysopogon velutinus (Hook. F.) Bor from India.
New locality records and call description of the Resplendent Shrub Frog Raorchestes resplendens (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Das Sandeep , K.P. Rajkumar  , K.A. Sreejith  , M. Royaltata  , P.S. Easa
Published: August 2020

Abstract: The Resplendent Shrub Frog, Raorchestes resplendens Biju, Shouche, Dubois, Dutta, & Bossuyt, 2010 is a Critically Endangered species endemic to the Western Ghats and was considered to be restricted to a three-square kilometer patch atop Anamudi summit.  In this study, we report 36 new locations of the species from the Anamalai massif of the southern Western Ghats.  Niche-based prediction modelling suggests that the species is restricted to Anamalai massif.  The call description of this frog is also provided for the first time. The preferred microhabitat of the frog is Chrysopogon grass clumps in the marshy/swampy montane grassland ecosystem. Restricted to a small area with controlled burning management practiced in its habitat, R. resplendens needs immediate attention.
A checklist of mammals with historical records from Darjeeling-Sikkim Himalaya landscape, India
Authors: Naulak Thangsuanlian , Pradhan Sunita
Published: August 2020

A region-specific species checklist is an important resource for biodiversity documentation and conservation. This review provides an updated mammal species checklist for the biodiversity hotspots of the Darjeeling-Sikkim landscape in Eastern Himalaya. The list was compiled by systematically reviewing 94 available publications spanning 178 years from 1841 to 2019, for mammals from the region. The species checklist is envisioned to aid in understanding the current status of mammal records, historical distribution, ranked conservation status of mammals, and research gaps. A total of 173 mammal species under 11 orders and 33 families, including the recently upgraded taxon, Sikkim Pika Ochotona sikimaria was enlisted. There are 25 species included in the IUCN threatened categories, 58 species listed in the CITES Appendices, and 112 species included in the schedules of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 in India. Although mammals receive the maximum research attention in the landscape, small mammals and bats have rarely been subjected to systematic studies in recent years.
The herpetological legacy of Jacob Green and the nomenclature of some North American lizards and salamanders
Authors: PYRON R. ALEXANDER , BEAMER DAVID A.
Published: August 2020

Jacob Green was born in 1790 to a prominent New Jersey family of scholars and theologians. He taught at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) from 1818 to 1822 before co-founding Jefferson Medical College (now Thomas Jefferson University) in 1825, where he taught Chemistry until his death in 1841. Between 1818 and 1831, he published a series of nine papers on lizards, salamanders, and snakes, authoring the original description of several well-known species of salamanders from the eastern United States. Many of his names are ambiguous; some have been adjudicated by the ICZN, while others are currently treated as nomina dubia. Here, we review all of Green’s publications, report on newly re-discovered or re-interpreted material from several major natural history collections, and resolve most if not all remaining issues through a series of taxonomic actions. In particular, we first designate a neotype for Salamandra nigra Green, 1818. We then place S. sinciput-albida Green, 1818 and S. frontalis Gray in Cuvier, 1831 in synonymy with S. scutata Temminck in Temminck & Schlegel, 1838 and invoke Reversal of Precedence under Article 23.9 to designate them nomina oblita. We also designate a lectotype for S. bislineata Green, 1818. Finally, we resurrect the name S. fusca Green, 1818 as the valid name for the species Desmognathus fuscus, assuming priority over Triturus fuscus Rafinesque, 1820, designating S. fusca Laurenti, 1768 a nomen oblitum, and placing S. nigra Green, 1818 in synonymy. While Green’s herpetological legacy is not as expansive as that of some of his successors such as Holbrook, he is nonetheless a foundational early worker in salamanders, having described some of the most-studied species in the world.
Updated checklist of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Piauí, Northeast Brazil, including a new species and new geographical records
Authors: MORENO LUCAS A.S. , DESIDÉRIO GLEISON ROBSON , DE SOUZA WAGNER RAFAEL M. , LIMA LUCAS R.C.
Published: August 2020

Some regions, such as the Northeast Region of Brazil, are still severely understudied and the trichopteran fauna of this region is not entirely known, mainly in areas from Cerrado and Caatinga biomes. Currently, 25 species have been reported from Piauí State, but most of these records are concentrated from one locality. This study aimed to update the knowledge of Trichoptera diversity in this state, including the description of a new species and new geographic records for the Northeast region and Brazil. The samples were collected in seven municipalities, using various traps. Specimens were also received from the municipality of Bom Jesus. Thirty-two species were added for Trichoptera fauna of Piauí, 14 of these represent new records for Northeast Brazil; furthermore, Neotrichia palma Flint 1982 is a new record for Brazil. Additionally, a new species, Cernotina longa sp. nov., is describe and illustrate, being the third nominal record of the genus for the Caatinga biome. Thus, with the contribution of this study, 57 species, 20 genera and seven families of caddisflies are known for Piauí State.
A new species of Tephritis Latreille, 1804 (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Turkey
Authors: YARAN MEHMET , GÖRMEZ VEDAT
Published: August 2020

Tephritis Latreille 1804 is one of the largest genera of Tephritini (Diptera: Tephritidae). In this study, undescribed specimens of Tephritis were collected from Bayburt province of Turkey and described as Tephritis kutuki sp. nov. The paper presents a diagnosis, description and also morphological characteristic figures of the new species. The holotype and paratypes are pinned and deposited in the collection of the Entomology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey (GUGT).
Trends in Antibiotic Duration for Complicated Intra-Abdominal Infections
Authors: DeCesare Laura , Xu Thomas Q. , Saclarides Constantine , Coughlin Julia M. , Chivukula Sitaram V. , Woodfin Ashley , Chan Edie , Booker Connor , Jacobson Richard
Published: August 2020

Introduction

The 2017 surgical infection society (SIS) guidelines recommend 4 days of antibiotic therapy after source control for complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs). Inappropriate exposure to antibiotics has a negative impact on outcomes in individual patients and populations. The goal of this study was to evaluate our institution’s practice patterns and adherence to current antibiotic guidelines.

Methods

Medical records from 2010 to 2018 for cIAIs were examined. Complicated appendicitis and complicated diverticulitis cases were included. Exclusion criteria included other etiologies of IAIs, pediatric cases, and cancer operations.

Results

Fifty-nine complicated appendicitis cases and 96 complicated diverticulitis cases were identified. For all cases, antibiotic duration prior to publication of the SIS guidelines was significantly longer than post-SIS duration (appendicitis: 12.6 ± 1.1 days pre-SIS [n = 37] vs 9.0 ± 1.1 days post-SIS [n = 22], P = .01; diverticulitis: 15.1 ± 0.8 days pre-SIS [n = 49] vs 11.2 ± 0.5 post-SIS [n = 47], P = .04). Surgical management (SM) was associated with shorter duration of postsource control antibiotic exposure compared with percutaneous drainage (PD) for both appendicitis (SM 10.0 ± 1.2 days vs PD 13.4 ± 1.0 days, P = .02) and diverticulitis (SM 12.8 ± 1.5 days vs PD 16.0 ± 1.5, P = .07). Patients with complicated appendicitis received shorter duration of antibiotics when managed by acute care surgeons compared to general surgeons (8.4 ± 1.1 vs 11.9 ± 0.8, P = .02).

Conclusion

Despite improvements after the SIS guidelines’ publication, the antibiotic duration is still longer than recommended. Surgical intervention and management by acute care specialists were associated with a shorter duration of antibiotic exposure.
How Grief, Funerals, and Poverty Affect Bereaved Health, Productivity, and Medical Dependence in Japan
Authors: Becker Carl B. , Taniyama Yozo , Kondo-Arita Megumi , Yamada Shinya , Yamamoto Kayoko
Published: August 2020

Grief has been shown to weaken bereaved persons' health, but measurements of their lost time and medical expense remain rare. Funerals traditionally managed and assuaged grief through ritual expression, approval, and social support. Research suggests that satisfying funeral participation reduces grief, while poverty exacerbates it. We hypothesized that: (1) psycho-physical symptoms of grief, (2) abbreviation/dissatisfaction in the funeral, and (3) poverty, correlate with decreased productivity and increased medical and social services use. We collected data from 165 mourning families about their grief, funerals, and subsequent medical conditions. (1) Deeper grief after bereavement in Japan correlated with more physical problems, more down time, and more medical dependency. (2) Low satisfaction with funerals correlated with higher hospital, pharmacy, and counseling costs. (3) Low income families lost more time, while declining incomes showed increased pharmaceutical costs. This suggests that satisfying funerals and income safeguards may reduce costs of low productivity and increased public services dependency.
The Editor’s Note: How will teachers manage to teach this year?
Authors: Heller Rafael
Published: August 2020

Over the years, researchers and policy makers have sought ways to combat the inefficiencies and messiness of public education, while, at the same time, researchers like Magdalane Lambert have pointed out that life in classrooms will always be messy and unpredictable. Rafael Heller notes that the COVID-19 pandemic has brought even more uncertainty and unpredictability to teaching, and the educators faced with making hard choices will need support.
The Association Between Threat and Politics Depends on the Type of Threat, the Political Domain, and the Country
Authors: Brandt Mark J. , Turner-Zwinkels Felicity M. , Karapirinler Beste , Van Leeuwen Florian , Bender Michael , van Osch Yvette , Adams Byron
Published: August 2020

Theories link threat with right-wing political beliefs. We use the World Values Survey (60,378 participants) to explore how six types of threat (e.g., economic, violence, and surveillance) are associated with multiple political beliefs (e.g., cultural, economic, and ideological identification) in 56 countries/territories. Multilevel models with individuals nested in countries revealed that the threat-political belief association depends on the type of threat, the type of political belief, and the country. Economic-related threats tended to be associated with more left-wing economic political beliefs and violence-related threats tended to be associated with more cultural right-wing beliefs, but there were exceptions to this pattern. Additional analyses revealed that the associations between threat and political beliefs were different across countries. However, our analyses identified few country characteristics that could account for these cross-country differences. Our findings revealed that political beliefs and perceptions of threat are linked, but that the relationship is not simple.
Stability and Change in Personality Traits and Major Life Goals From College to Midlife
Authors: Atherton Olivia E. , Grijalva Emily , Roberts Brent W. , Robins Richard W.
Published: August 2020

The association between personality traits and motivational units, such as life goals, has been a long-standing interest of personality scientists. However, little research has investigated the longitudinal associations between traits and life goals beyond young adulthood. In the present study ( N = 251), we examined the rank-order stability of, and mean-level changes in, the Big Five and major life goals (Aesthetic, Economic, Family/Relationship, Hedonistic, Political, Religious, Social) from college (age 18) to midlife (age 40), as well as their co-development. Findings showed that personality traits and major life goals were both moderately-to-highly stable over 20 years. On average, there were mean-level increases in the Big Five and mean-level decreases in life goals over time. Patterns of co-development suggest people formulate goals consistent with their personality traits, and conversely, investing in goal-relevant contexts is associated with trait change. We discuss the results in light of Social Investment Theory and the developmental regulation literature.
Towards Confucian democratic meritocracy
Authors: Kwon Kyung Rok
Published: August 2020

In the past two decades, Confucian meritocrats have justified the unequal distribution of political power by appeal to the ideal of Confucian virtue politics. In this article, I demonstrate that at the heart of Confucian virtue politics lies a political leader’s affective accountability and show that non-democratic Confucian meritocracy fails to embody this moral ideal. Then, I argue that the ideal of Confucian virtue politics can be better realized in democratic system. To this end, I first describe how ordinary citizens’ moral demand for a political leader’s affective accountability in a consolidated democratic society can make theoretical space for a Confucian political leader. Next, I articulate the role of a Confucian political leader in contemporary democratic society from a normative standpoint and show that at the core of Confucian democratic meritocracy lies ‘mutual moral transformation’, formed by dialectical interactions between a virtuous Confucian political leader and empowered citizens.
Plantar vein thrombosis masquerading as plantar fasciitis: A case report
Authors: Edwards Steven R
Published: August 2020

Plantar vein thrombosis is an uncommon and under-diagnosed cause of plantar foot pain characterised by the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) within one of the plantar veins. There is no current diagnostic guideline for this condition however compression ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging appear suitable. Treatments range from rest and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to six months of anticoagulant therapy. A 51-year old female was referred reporting a two-week history of left heel pain suspicious of plantar fasciitis. Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed thickening and expansion of the lateral plantar vein. The patient's symptoms disappeared following two weeks of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication and compression therapy, and follow-up ultrasound six weeks later showed recanalisation of the lateral plantar vein.
A low dose of lysergic acid diethylamide decreases pain perception in healthy volunteers
Authors: Ramaekers Johannes G , Hutten Nadia , Mason Natasha L , Dolder Patrick , Theunissen Eef L , Holze Friederike , Liechti Matthias E , Feilding Amanda , Kuypers Kim PC
Published: August 2020

Background:

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is an ergot alkaloid derivative with psychedelic properties that has been implicated in the management of persistent pain. Clinical studies in the 1960s and 1970s have demonstrated profound analgesic effects of full doses of LSD in terminally ill patients, but this line of research evaporated after LSD was scheduled worldwide.

Aim:

The present clinical study is the first to revisit the potential of LSD as an analgesic, and at dose levels which are not expected to produce profound mind-altering effects.

Methods:

Twenty-four healthy volunteers received single doses of 5, 10 and 20 µg LSD as well as placebo on separate occasions. A Cold Pressor Test was administered at 1.5 and 5 h after treatment administration to assess pain tolerance to experimentally evoked pain. Ratings of dissociation and psychiatric symptoms as well as assessments of vital signs were included to monitor mental status as well as safety during treatments.

Results:

LSD 20 µg significantly increased the time that participants were able to tolerate exposure to cold (3°C) water and decreased their subjective levels of experienced pain and unpleasantness. LSD elevated mean blood pressure within the normal range and slightly increased ratings of dissociation, anxiety and somatization.

Conclusion:

The present study provides evidence of a protracted analgesic effect of LSD at a dose that is low enough to avoid a psychedelic experience. The present data warrant further research into the analgesic effects of low doses of LSD in patient populations.
I can’t get it off my mind: Attentional bias in former and current cocaine addiction
Authors: Smith Pauline , N’Diaye Karim , Fortias Maeva , Mallet Luc , Vorspan Florence
Published: August 2020

Background:

Cocaine addiction is a global health issue with limited therapeutic options and a high relapse rate. Attentional bias towards substance-related cues may be an important factor for relapse. However, it has never been compared in former and current cocaine-dependent patients.

Methods:

Attentional bias towards cocaine-related words was assessed using an emotional Stroop task in cocaine-dependent patients ( N = 40), long-term abstinent former cocaine-dependent patients ( N = 24; mean abstinence: 2 years) and control subjects ( N = 28). Participants had to name the colour of cocaine-related words, neutral words and colour names. We assessed response times using an automatic voice-onset detection method we developed and we measured attentional bias as the difference in response times between cocaine-related and neutral conditions.

Results:

There was an overall group effect on attentional bias towards cocaine, but no group effect on the colour Stroop effect. Two-by-two comparison showed a difference in attentional bias between cocaine-dependent patients and controls, whereas long-term abstinent former cocaine-dependent patients were not different from either. Although cocaine-dependent patients showed a significant attentional bias, consistent with the literature, neither long-term abstinent former cocaine-dependent patients nor controls showed a significant attentional bias towards cocaine-related words. We found no link between attentional bias size and either addiction severity or craving.

Conclusions:

Cocaine abstinence was associated with an absence of significant attentional bias towards cocaine-related words, which may be interpreted either as an absence of attentional bias predicting success in maintaining abstinence, or as attentional bias being able to disappear with long-term cocaine abstinence. Further research is needed to distinguish the role of attentional bias in maintaining abstinence.
Teacher–Child Interaction Quality Buffers Negative Associations Between Challenging Behaviors in Preschool Classroom Contexts and Language and Literacy Skills
Authors: Bulotsky Shearer Rebecca J. , Bichay-Awadalla Krystal , Bailey Jhonelle , Futterer Jenna , Qi Cathy Huaqing
Published: August 2020

Guided by an ecological model, we tested whether teacher–child interaction quality buffered the negative associations between challenging behavior within preschool classroom contexts and language and literacy skills. Associations were examined for a sample of children enrolled an urban Head Start program ( N = 304 children across 53 classrooms). Findings from multilevel models supported direct associations between challenging behaviors within preschool learning contexts and language outcomes. Higher instructional support was associated with higher language and literacy outcomes for all children within classrooms regardless of behavioral risk. Higher classroom organization was directly associated with higher classroom literacy skills. Emotional support moderated associations between challenging behaviors in teacher contexts and literacy outcomes. Implications for future research, policy, and practice are discussed.
The Cascading Effects of Reducing Student Stress: Cooperative Learning as a Means to Reduce Emotional Problems and Promote Academic Engagement
Authors: Van Ryzin Mark J. , Roseth Cary J.
Published: August 2020

Adolescents, particularly early adolescents, are vulnerable to stress created by negative peer interactions. Stress, in turn, can lead to increased mental health problems and reduced academic engagement, in addition to negative long-term consequences for cognitive development and physical health. Using four waves (2 years) of data from a cluster randomized trial ( N = 15 middle schools, 1,890 students, 47.1% female, 75.2% White), we evaluated whether enhancements to peer relations, brought about through carefully structured small-group learning activities (i.e., cooperative learning), could reduce stress and emotional problems and promote academic engagement. We hypothesized that the increased social contact created by cooperative learning would promote greater peer relatedness, reducing student stress and, in turn, reducing emotional problems and promoting academic engagement. Our results confirmed these hypotheses. We conclude that cooperative learning can provide social, behavioral, academic, and mental health benefits for students.
A possible future for anaesthesia in breast surgery: thoracic paravertebral block and awake surgery. A prospective observational study
Authors: Santonastaso Domenico P. , de Chiara Annabella , Russo Emanuele , Gamberini Emiliano , Lucchi Leonardo , Sibilio Andrea , Bagaphou Claude , Zani Gianluca , Righetti Roberto , Rispoli Marco , Fusari Maurizio , Agnoletti Vanni
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

Quadrantectomy is a surgical procedure traditionally performed under general anaesthesia with intraoperative and postoperative opioid-based analgesia. The use of locoregional anaesthesia techniques in breast surgery has become widespread and allows excellent management of intraoperative and postoperative pain with reduced opioid consumption. We chose thoracic paravertebral block as regional anaesthesia technique in breast surgery to investigate the possibility of carrying out this surgery with the patient awake.

Methods:

A prospective observational study on 50 patients was designed. The primary outcome for this study was the possibility to carry out the surgery with only the paravertebral block associated with mild sedation without general anaesthesia. Forty minutes before the start of the surgery, an ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block was performed at two thoracic levels, and for each level, 7 mL of ropivacaine 0.7% was injected. Sedation was obtained with target-controlled infusion of propofol.

Results:

Forty-nine patients underwent the operation awake; in one case, we had to place an I-gel and perform general anaesthesia. No patient needed intraoperative or postoperative opioids. The numeric rating scale, recorded at 0, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 36 hours, was greater than 3 in only five patients.

Conclusions:

We believe that if in the future we try to make quadrantectomy an intervention in which the anaesthesia is exclusively regional, therefore with a patient awake and collaborating, it will not be possible to ignore the use of thoracic paravertebral block.
Design and development of a novel 3D-printed non-metallic self-locking prosthetic arm for a forequarter amputation
Authors: Binedell Trevor , Meng Eugene , Subburaj Karupppasamy
Published: August 2020

Background:

Upper limb, in particular forequarter amputations, require highly customised devices that are often expensive and underutilised.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to design and develop a comfortable 3D-printed cosmetic forequarter prosthetic device, which was lightweight, cool to wear, had an elbow that could lock, matched the appearance of the contralateral arm and was completely free of metal for a specific user’s needs.

Study Design:

Device design.

Technique:

An iterative user-centred design approach was used for digitising, designing and developing a functional 3D-printed prosthetic arm for an acquired forequarter amputation, while optimising the fit and function after each prototype.

Results:

The cost of the final arm was 20% less expensive than a traditionally-made forequarter prostheses in Singapore. The Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST) 2.0 survey was administered, with results indicating that the 3D-printed arm was preferred due to its overall effectiveness, accurate size, ease of use and suspension. However, durability had a lower score, and the weight of the arm was 100 g heavier than the user’s current prosthesis. The technique described resulted in a precise fitting and shaped forequarter prosthesis for the user. Using the user’s feedback in the iterations of the design resulted in improved QUEST survey results indicating the device was effective, easy to use, perceived as lighter and more secure than the user’s traditionally-made device.

Conclusion:

A fully customised cosmetic forequarter prosthesis was designed and developed using digital scanning, computer-aided design modelling and 3D printing for a specific user. These technologies enable new avenues for highly complex prosthetic design innovations.
Angiotensin II antagonists and gastrointestinal bleeding in left ventricular assist devices: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kittipibul Veraprapas , Vutthikraivit Wasawat , Kewcharoen Jakrin , Rattanawong Pattara , Tantrachoti Pakpoom , Putthapiban Prapaipan , Nair Nandini
Published: August 2020

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) especially from arteriovenous malformations (AVM) remains one of the devastating complications following continuous-flow left ventricular device (CF-LVAD) implantation. Blockade of angiotensin II pathway using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) was reported to mitigate the risk of GIB and AVM-related GIB by suppressing angiogenesis. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between ACEI/ARB treatment and GIB in CF-LVAD population. Comprehensive literature search was performed through December 2019. We included studies reporting risk of GIB and/or AVM-related GIB events in LVAD patients who received ACEI/ARB with those who did not. Data from each study were combined using the random-effects to calculate odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Three retrospective cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis involving 619 LVADs patients (467 patients receiving ACEI/ARB). The use of ACEI/ARB was statistically associated with decreased incidence of overall GIB (pooled OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.22–0.56, I2 = 0.0%, p < 0.001). There was a non-significant trend toward lower risk for AVM-related GIB in patients who received ACEI/ARB (pooled OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.19–1.07, I2 = 51%, p = 0.07). Larger studies with specific definitions of ACEI/ARB use and GIB are warranted to accurately determine the potential non-hemodynamic benefits of ACEI/ARB in CF-LVAD patients.
Visualizing Vulnerability for Inclusive Community Resilience: Photovoice Evidence from the Philippines
Authors: Cai Yanjun
Published: August 2020

This study explores the integration of photovoice with Facebook to demonstrate diverse dimensions of vulnerability through the lens of twenty-six informal settlers in metropolitan Manila and Cebu City. Through this mixed-methods approach, the article adds to the growing literature on vulnerability as an intrinsic and dynamic outcome of unjust social structures in the context of community resilience. Findings demonstrate the richness of vulnerability through a participant-driven approach, enhancing planners’ understanding of current resilience studies. Such a nonlinear exploration also presents place-based concerns and capabilities, which potentially inform planners for more inclusive resilience building across scales.
Anxiety and Hair Restoration Surgery
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Mohmand Mohammad Humayun
Published: August 2020

The objective of this study is to compare the anxiety scores before and after hair transplant surgery in bald patients. This prospective, comparative study was conducted in a private setup after obtaining the informed consent. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) was used. Only those patients who filled the pro forma before surgery and underwent first hair transplant were included. All the details of the patients such as age, time elapsed since surgery, score before and after the surgery and so on were noted. All the data were analyzed using analysis of variance test. A total of 50 patients were included, with mean age of 30.9 years. The average HAM-A anxiety score was 33.16 before the surgery and 19.62 after the surgery. The average time interval (before and after surgery) was 12.7 months. The average anxiety score in patients less than 30 years of age was 33.46 before surgery and 18.5 after the surgery. Similarly, the average score in patients above 30 years of age was found to be 32.89 before surgery and 20.65 after the surgery ( P < .01). The results indicated a significant improvement on the anxiety score after the surgery ( P < .01). The hair transplant definitely improves the anxiety in the balding patients.
Biodegradable engineered fiber scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning for periodontal tissue regeneration
Authors: Xu Xuanwen , Ren Shuangshuang , Li Lu , Zhou Yi , Peng Wenzao , Xu Yan
Published: August 2020

Considering the specificity of periodontium and the unique advantages of electrospinning, this technology has been used to fabricate biodegradable tissue engineering materials for functional periodontal regeneration. For better biomedical quality, a continuous technological progress of electrospinning has been performed. Based on property of materials (natural, synthetic or composites) and additive novel methods (drug loading, surface modification, structure adjustment or 3 D technique), various novel membranes and scaffolds that could not only relief inflammation but also influence the biological behaviors of cells have been fabricated to achieve more effective periodontal regeneration. This review provides an overview of the usage of electrospinning materials in treatments of periodontitis, in order to get to know the existing research situation and find treatment breakthroughs of the periodontal diseases.
Do U.S. Faith-Based Social Service Organizations Resist Collaboration? Examining the Role of Religiosity and Operational Capacity in Interorganizational Partnerships
Authors: Fu Jiawei Sophia , Cooper Katherine R. , Shumate Michelle
Published: August 2020

Although nonprofit collaboration is commonplace, recent research suggests that faith-based organizations (FBOs) are less likely to collaborate than other nonprofits. This study builds on prior FBO, collaboration, and nonprofit capacity research to examine the influence of religiosity and operational capacity on FBOs’ within- and cross-sector partnerships. Findings from a survey with 197 FBOs across the United States reveal a complex picture of how religiosity and operational capacity influence FBO collaboration. More specifically, staff religiosity was positively related to cross-sector partnerships. Service religiosity (i.e., religious elements in staff–client interactions) was negatively associated with collaboration with government agencies. Results also indicated that FBOs with higher operational capacity had more partners in the nonprofit, business, and public sectors. These findings suggest that FBOs generally lack the operational capacity for collaboration and that service religiosity creates additional barriers to it. This article concludes with implications for research in FBOs, interorganizational collaboration, and nonprofit capacity.
Prevalence of co-infections with other sexually transmitted infections in patients newly diagnosed with anogenital warts in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Wang Liuyuan , Yang Bin , Tso Lai S , Zhao Peizhen , Ke Wujian , Zhang Xiaohui , Chen Zhengyu , Ren Xuqi , Liang Chunmei , Liao Yuying , Chen Huiru , Huang Jinmei , Yang Ligang
Published: August 2020

Prevalence of co-infecting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among patients newly diagnosed with anogenital warts is under-reported. Our objective is to determine the prevalence of six common STIs, Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), genital herpes (herpes simplex virus type 2 [HSV-2]), HIV, and syphilis for patients visiting a sexual health clinic in Guangzhou, China. Demographics, sexual health, and medical histories were collected at patient intake. Patients diagnosed with anogenital warts (N = 200) were invited to participate. We collected urine samples, and urethral, cervical, and rectal swabs to test for CT, NG, and MG, and blood samples for serological detection of HSV-2, syphilis, and HIV. Overall 49 (24.5%) had a co-infection (22.2% of men and 27.7% of women). All six STIs were observed among men: CT (6.8%), NG (3.4%), MG (5.1%), HIV (4.3%), HSV-2 (4.3%), and syphilis (1.7%). Women had fewer STIs, but at higher rates: CT (13.3%), MG (6.0%), and HSV-2 (8.4%). Individual men had up to two co-infections, while women had no more than one co-infection. Chlamydia was the most common STI. Patients aged 18–25 years (35.4%) had the highest prevalence. Although opportunistic screening is often applied for high-risk groups, expansion to patients with anogenital warts in all health-care settings would improve detection of problematic asymptomatic co-infections, thereby increasing China’s capacity to contribute toward global surveillance systems.
Dry sliding wear characterization of SGM/boron carbide hybrid polymer matrix composite
Authors: Bhatia Sunny , Khan Sabah , Angra Surjit
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this investigation is wear characterization of solid glass microspheres (SGM) and boron carbide (BC)-reinforced epoxy composites, under dry sliding conditions using a pin-on-disk wear test machine. Influence of parameters like sliding distance, sliding velocity, applied load and addition of fillers, on the wear rate were examined. Taguchi technique was used for the plan of experiments to conduct wear tests. To evaluate the effect of the individual parameters on the rate of wear performance of composites, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and an orthogonal array were employed. Linear regression analysis was employed for all the composites to establish an empirical relation between the various process parameters and wear. The results indicate reduction in wear of polymer on addition of particulates with the lowest wear rates observed in composites with addition of boron carbide as filler. Different fracture mechanisms were revealed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of worn-out composite surfaces.
Testing a Modified Version of Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire to Measure Organizational Values in a University Context
Authors: Wetzelhütter Daniela , Nnebedum Chigozie , De Wet Jacques , Bacher Johann
Published: August 2020

Schwartz developed his Theory of Basic Human Values and corresponding instruments, the portrait values questionnaire (PVQ) and the Schwartz values survey (SVS), in order to measure personal values. He uses these instruments (in a slightly modified form) in conjunction with his Theory of Cultural Value Orientations to measure cultural or societal values. His theoretical work is also used in studying organizational values; however, none of these instruments seem suitable to compare personal and perceived organizational values. If the PVQ is widely used to measure personal values, and we need commensurate measures of the person and organization for comparative analysis, then can we not minimally adjust the PVQ to measure organizational values? In this article we discuss the testing of one such adjusted PVQ used for gauging universities’ organizational values. We developed the PVQ-uni to measure university values as perceived by students. We collected data from sociology departments at two universities, one in Austria ( n = 133) and one Nigeria ( n = 156). We then tested the reliability and the validity of the new instrument. Based on the data collected, we found that the PVQ-uni is a reliable and valid instrument; however, further refinements are needed for the instrument to be used successfully in Africa.