bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sulfur as a Selectivity Modifier in a Highly Active Rh/Fe2O3/ZrO2 Catalyst for Water–Gas Shift
Authors: Hakeem Abrar A. , Rajendran Jaikishen , Kapteijn Freek , Makkee Michiel
Published: June 2014

The presence of small amounts of sulfur (<500 ppm) on a Rh/Fe2O3/ZrO2 catalyst improves its water–gas shift (WGS) selectivity and stability under typical industrial conditions. Rh/Fe2O3/ZrO2 is a highly active WGS catalyst, but it produces small amounts of methane as a side product. The formation of methane is due to the presence of rhodium in the catalyst. Sulfur selectively poisons the site(s) responsible for methane formation. The improved selectivity and prolonged stability of the catalyst is maintained as long as sulfur is present.
Shape‐Persistent and Adaptive Multivalency: Rigid Transgeden (TGD) and Flexible PAMAM Dendrimers for Heparin Binding
Authors: Bromfield Stephen M. , Posocco Paola , Fermeglia Maurizio , Tolosa Juan , Herreros‐López Ana , Pricl Sabrina , Rodríguez‐López Julián , Smith David K.
Published: June 2014

This study investigates transgeden (TGD) dendrimers (polyamidoamine (PAMAM)‐type dendrimers modified with rigid polyphenylenevinylene (PPV) cores) and compares their heparin‐binding ability with commercially available PAMAM dendrimers. Although the peripheral ligands are near‐identical between the two dendrimer families, their heparin binding is very different. At low generation (G1), TGD outperforms PAMAM, but at higher generation (G2 and G3), the PAMAMs are better. Heparin binding also depends strongly on the dendrimer/heparin ratio. We explain these effects using multiscale modelling. TGD dendrimers exhibit “shape‐persistent multivalency”; the rigidity means that small clusters of surface amines are locally well optimised for target binding, but it prevents the overall nanoscale structure from rearranging to maximise its contacts with a single heparin chain. Conversely, PAMAM dendrimers exhibit “adaptive multivalency”; the flexibility means individual surface ligands are not so well optimised locally to bind heparin chains, but the nanostructure can adapt more easily and maximise its binding contacts. As such, this study exemplifies important new paradigms in multivalent biomolecular recognition.
Cytotoxicity of Exfoliated Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides (MoS2, WS2, and WSe2) is Lower Than That of Graphene and its Analogues
Authors: Teo Wei Zhe , Chng Elaine Lay Khim , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin
Published: June 2014

Studies involving transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been around for many decades and in recent years, many were focused on using TMDs to synthesize inorganic analogues of carbon nanotubes, fullerene, as well as graphene and its derivatives with the ultimate aim of employing these materials into consumer products. In view of this rising trend, we investigated the cytotoxicity of three common exfoliated TMDs (exTMDs), namely MoS2, WS2, and WSe2, and compared their toxicological effects with graphene oxides and halogenated graphenes to find out whether these inorganic analogues of graphenes and derivatives would show improved biocompatibility. Based on the cell viability assessments using methylthiazolyldiphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and water‐soluble tetrazolium salt (WST‐8) assays on human lung carcinoma epithelial cells (A549) following a 24 h exposure to varying concentrations of the three exTMDs, it was concluded that MoS2 and WS2 nanosheets induced very low cytotoxicity to A549 cells, even at high concentrations. On the other hand, WSe2 exhibited dose‐dependent toxicological effects on A549 cells, reducing cell viability to 31.8 % at the maximum concentration of 400 μg mL−1; the higher cytotoxicity displayed by WSe2 might be linked to the identity of the chalcogen. In comparison with graphene oxides and halogenated graphenes, MoS2 and WS2 were much less hazardous, whereas WSe2 showed similar degree of cytotoxicity. Future in‐depth studies should be built upon this first work on the in vitro cytotoxicity of MoS2 and WS2 to ensure that they do not pose acute toxicity. Lastly, nanomaterial‐induced interference control experiments revealed that exTMDs were capable of reacting with MTT assay viability markers in the absence of cells, but not with WST‐8 assay. This suggests that the MTT assay is not suitable for measuring the cytotoxicity of exTMDs because inflated results will be obtained, giving false impressions that the materials are less toxic.
New Route to Access an Acyl‐Functionalized Phosphasilene and a Four‐Membered Si‐P‐C‐O Heterocycle
Authors: Breit Nora C. , Szilvási Tibor , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: June 2014

An acyl‐functionalized phosphasilene, LSi(COtBu)P(SiMe3) (L=PhC(NtBu)2) was synthesized on a new route by the addition of tBuCOCl to the phosphinosilylene LSiP(SiMe3)2 and subsequent Me3SiCl elimination. DFT studies elucidated its molecular structure, the influence of the acyl group on UV/Vis transitions, and revealed the mechanism. The intermediate LSi(COtBu)ClP(SiMe3)2, with a five‐coordinate silicon center, was characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray analysis. On the other hand, phosphasilene LSi(SiMe3)P(SiMe3) reacted with tBuCOCl by a [2+2] cycloaddition of the silicon–phosphorus double bond and the carbon–oxygen double bond in addition to Me3SiCl elimination, thereby affording the novel, fully characterized compound LSi(SiMe3)[PC(tBu)O] bearing a Si‐P‐C‐O heterocycle with a phosphorus–carbon double bond. DFT studies suggest that two mechanisms occur simultaneously.
ChemInform Abstract: High Pressure Synthesis of the Cation‐Ordered Perovskite 3C1:2—Ba3NaRu2O9.
Authors: Arevalo‐Lopez Angel M. , Senn Mark S. , Skedd Lauren , Attfield J. Paul
Published: June 2014

3C1:2‐Ba3NaRu2O9 is obtained by pressurized sintering of 6H‐Ba3NaRu2O9 in a two‐stage Walker‐type press (900 °C, 9 GPa).
ChemInform Abstract: Two Crown‐Ether‐Coordinated Caesium Halogen Salts.
Authors: van Well Natalija , Klein Christian , Ritter Franz , Assmus Wolf , Krellner Cornelius , Bolte Michael
Published: June 2014

Single crystals of [Cs2Br2(18‐crown‐6)2 (H2O)2]·2H2O (I) are grown from an aqueous solution of CsBr and 18‐crown‐6 in a 1:1 molar ratio.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoluminescence of Titanium‐Doped Zinc Spinel Blue‐Emitting Nanophosphors.
Authors: Tsai Mu‐Tsun , Chang Yee‐Shin , Chou You‐Hsin , Tsai Kai‐Min
Published: June 2014

ZnAl2O4:Ti (0—6.0% Ti relative to Al) nanopowders are prepared by a sol—gel method using Zn(NO3)2, Al(O‐iPr)3, and Ti(O‐iPr)4 as starting materials (annealing at 1000 °C for 2 h in air).
ChemInform Abstract: New Co—Pd—Zn γ‐Brasses with Dilute Ferrimagnetism and Co2Zn11 Revisited: Establishing the Synergism Between Theory and Experiment.
Authors: Xie Weiwei , Miller Gordon J.
Published: June 2014

The electronic (DOS) structure of Co2Zn11 shows two distinct pseudogaps near the Fermi level, one at 292 valence electrons per unit cell and the other at 302‐304 valence electrons per unit cell.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Investigation of Sodium Reactivity with Nanostructured Co3O4 for Sodium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Rahman Md Mokhlesur , Glushenkov Alexey M. , Ramireddy Thrinathreddy , Chen Ying
Published: June 2014

Dense agglomerates of nanocrystalline Co3O4 are obtained from a mixture of CoCl2, LiNO3, LiOH, and H2O2 in a molar ratio of 1:10:2:5 (air, 300 °C, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of LiMn2O4 Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries.
Authors: Lv Xiawu , Chen Shulin , Chen Cheng , Liu Lihu , Liu Fan , Qiu Guohong
Published: June 2014

The title cathode materials are hydrothermally prepared from aqueous mixtures of KMnO4, aniline, and LiOH (autoclave, 120—180 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Local Structure and Dynamics in the Na Ion Battery Positive Electrode Material Na3V2(PO4)2F3.
Authors: Liu Zigeng , Hu Yan‐Yan , Dunstan Matthew T. , Huo Hua , Hao Xiaogang , Zou Huan , Zhong Guiming , Yang Yong , Grey Clare P.
Published: June 2014

A VPO4/C nanocomposite is prepared as precursor by sol‐gel processing of a 1:2:2 mixture of V2O5, H3PO4, and citric acid (heating of the dried gel under argon, 350 and 700 °C, 6 h each).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Water Oxidation Catalyst: Lithium Manganese Pyrophosphate with Tunable Mn Valency.
Authors: Kang Kisuk , et al. et al.
Published: June 2014

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, XPS, XANES, galvanostatic charging—discharging, and cyclic voltammetry analysis indicate that Li2‐xMnP2O7 (x = 0.3, 0.5, 1) exhibits high catalytic stability for water oxidation without additional delithiation or phase transformation.
ChemInform Abstract: New Perovskite‐Related Structure Family of Oxide‐Ion Conducting Materials NdBaInO4.
Authors: Fujii Kotaro , Esaki Yuichi , Omoto Kazuki , Yashima Masatomo , Hoshikawa Akinori , Ishigaki Toru , Hester James R.
Published: June 2014

NdBaInO4 is obtained from a 1:1:1 molar mixture of BaCO3, In2O3, and Nd2O3 by calcination (1000 °C, 8 h) and sintering (air, 1400 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: K4[PbSe4]·en·NH3: A Non‐Oxide, Non‐Halide Inorganic Lead(IV) Compound.
Authors: Thiele Guenther , Krueger Thomas , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: June 2014

Deep red crystals of the title compound are prepared by solvothermal extraction of a homogeneous phase of nominal composition “K2PbSe2” (obtained by heating a mixture of the elements) using en as the solvent (autoclave, 150 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity Switch Enabled by Counterion: Highly Chemoselective Dimerization and Hydration of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Xu Caixia , Du Weiyuan , Zeng Yi , Dai Bin , Guo Hao
Published: June 2014

This approach features the combination of a Pd(0) catalyst with a Broensted acid, with a neat tuning of reactivity between dimerization and hydration.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Tandem Catalysis by an Organometallic Complex and a Metalloenzyme.
Authors: Denard Carl A. , Huang Hua , Bartlett Mark J. , Lu Lu , Tan Yichen , Zhao Huimin , Hartwig John F.
Published: June 2014

A combination of a Hoveyda‐type catalyst and a P450 enzyme reacts cooperatively in a one‐pot process to promote a tandem reaction consisting of a metathesis/epoxidation sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Michael Reduction/Intramolecular Michael Reaction Cascade to Synthesize trans‐Stereodiad Comprising an All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereogenic Center.
Authors: Fujii Tomohiro , Orimoto Kohei , Nakada Masahisa
Published: June 2014

The stereoselectivity of the title reaction can be perfectly controlled by the choice of alkene geometry in substrates (I) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Remarkable Regiocontrol in the Palladium‐Catalyzed Silylstannylation of Fluoroalkylated Alkynes — Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Multi‐Substituted Fluorine‐Containing Alkenes.
Authors: Konno Tsutomu , Kinugawa Ryoko , Ishihara Takashi , Yamada Shigeyuki
Published: June 2014

The Pd‐catalyzed silylstannylation of fluorine containing internal alkynes (I) affords the corresponding adducts (III)/(IV) in a cis‐selective manner in good to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazolyl Nucleoside Analogues as Potential Antiinfluenza A (H3N2 Subtype) Virus Agents.
Authors: Elayadi Hanane , Smietana Michael , Vasseur Jean J. , Balzarini Jan , Lazrek Hassan B.
Published: June 2014

First time, a catalyst system consisting of CuCl2, KI, and montmorillonite K10 is used in Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Eco‐Friendly Syntheses of 1,5‐Benzothiazepines and 1,5‐Benzodiazepines Catalyzed by [Hmim][NO3] under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Loghmani‐Khouzani Hossein , et al. et al.
Published: June 2014

Thirtysix title compounds are prepared in a one‐pot cyclocondensation of o‐phenylenediamine or aminothiophenol with α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds via a [4+3]annulation reaction in the presence of a Broensted acidic ionic liquid under thermal conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Leveraging the Micellar Effect: Gold‐Catalyzed Dehydrative Cyclizations in Water at Room Temperature.
Authors: Minkler Stefan R. K. , Isley Nicholas A. , Lippincott Daniel J. , Krause Norbert , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: June 2014

The use of catalytic amounts of a surfactant allows gold‐catalyzed dehydrative cyclizations in aqueous medium.
ChemInform Abstract: A Photocatalyzed Aliphatic Fluorination.
Authors: Bloom Steven , Knippel James Levi , Lectka Thomas
Published: June 2014

The most likely pathway is an initial TLB sensitization followed by fluorination.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloalkenyl Nonaflates as Electrophilic Cross‐Coupling Substrates for Palladium Catalyzed C—N Bond Forming Reactions with Enolizable Heterocycles under Microwave Enhanced Conditions.
Authors: Khader K. K. Abdul , Sajith Ayyiliath. M. , Padusha M. Syed Ali , Nagaswarupa H. P. , Muralidharan A.
Published: June 2014

Cycloalkenyl nonatriflates, e.g. (II) and (V), are found to be an effective alternative to analogous triflates in C—N bond forming processes due to their increased stability under the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Rational Design of Sulfoxide—Phosphine Ligands for Pd‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation Reactions.
Authors: Cheng Hong‐Gang , Feng Bin , Chen Li‐Yan , Guo Wei , Yu Xiao‐Ye , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Chen Jia‐Rong , Xiao Wen‐Jing
Published: June 2014

This presents a new type of chiral sulfoxide‐phosphine ligands for the asymmetric allylic alkylation (also known as Tsuji‐Trost reaction).
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Free Addition of Dithiocarbamates to Alkynes: One‐Pot Regioselective Synthesis of S‐Vinyl Dithiocarbamates under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Aryanasab Fezzeh , Saidi Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2014

In the case of the halogenated alkyne (VII) the compound (VIII) is obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica Gel Catalyzed α‐Bromination of Ketones Using N‐Bromosuccinimide: An Easy and Rapid Method.
Authors: Mohan Reddy Bodireddy , Venkata Ramana Kumar Velpula , Chinna Gangi Reddy Nallagondu , Mahender Rao Siripragada
Published: June 2014

This new bromination method is applicable to various acyclic and cyclic ketones and proceeds smoothly within very short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Breaking Conjugation: Unusual Regioselectivity with 2‐Substituted Allylic Substrates in the Tsuji—Trost Reaction.
Authors: Kim Byeong‐Seon , Hussain Mahmud M. , Norrby Per‐Ola , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: June 2014

If the (E)‐isomer of (I) is used as starting material almost no reaction occurs.
ChemInform Abstract: Co2(CO)8 as a Convenient in situ CO Source for the Direct Synthesis of Benzamides from Aryl Halides (Br/I) via Aminocarbonylation.
Authors: Baburajan Poongavanam , Elango Kuppanagounder P.
Published: June 2014

Efficient reaction conditions are elaborated for the aminocarbonylation of aryl halides with Co2(CO)8 and various amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Keggin‐Type Broensted Dodecatungstophosphoric Acid: A Quasi Homogenous and Reusable Catalyst System for Liquid Phase Beckmann Rearrangement.
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Rajput Jaspreet Kaur , Arora Priya , Devi Nisha
Published: June 2014

An efficient, clean, eco‐friendly, and simple method for the title reaction by employing H3PW12O40 as catalyst is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Ways of Preparing Benzonitriles Using BrCCl3—PPh3 as the Reagent.
Authors: Jasem Yosef Al , Barkhad Mohamed , Khazali Mona Al , Butt Hifsa Pervez , El‐Khwass Noha Ashraf , Alazani Mariam , Hindawi Bassam al , Thiemann Thies
Published: June 2014

Both transformation can be carried out under the presented two conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Formation of Diphenylmethyl Esters Using Diphenylmethyl Trichloroacetimidate.
Authors: Adhikari Arijit A. , Shah Jigisha P. , Howard Kyle T. , Russo Christopher M. , Wallach Daniel R. , Linaburg Matthew R. , Chisholm John D.
Published: June 2014

Diphenylmethyl trichloroacetimidate is a useful reagent for the rapid protection of carboxylic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Double Alkylation of 3‐Aryl‐2‐fluoroallyl Esters with Malonate Nucleophiles Through the Carbon—Fluorine Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Yamamoto Mitsuaki , Hayashi Shunsuke , Isa Kazuki , Kawatsura Motoi
Published: June 2014

The Pd‐catalyzed reaction of three regioisomeric 2‐fluorinated allyl esters (Ia), (VII), and (VIII) with malonate (II) give the same double alkylation product (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Water Using in situ Generated Palladium(II)—Phosphazane Complexes.
Authors: Amini Mojtaba , Tarassoli Abbas , Yousefi Saeed , Delsouz‐Hafshejani Sepideh , Bigdeli Mina , Salehifar Mahnaz
Published: June 2014

The catalyst generated in situ from Pd(OAc)2 and LIG shows good activity in the Suzuki reaction of aryl halides (I) with arylboronic acids (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Assignment of the Absolute Stereochemistry of Xanthoangelol J: Development of a Highly Efficient Method for Claisen—Schmidt Condensation.
Authors: Kakati Dwipen , Barua Nabin C.
Published: June 2014

The Claisen—Schmidt condensation of aryl methyl ketones and aromatic aldehydes is optimized with respect to use hydroxylated arenes in both substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid‐Surfactant‐Combined Catalyst for the Mannich Reaction in Water.
Authors: Chang Tao , He Leqin , Bian Li , Han Haiyan , Yuan Mingxia , Gao Xiaorui
Published: June 2014

3‐(N,N‐Dimethyloctylammonium) propanesulfonic acid tosylate, together with similar compounds, is synthesized and found to be a good and recyclable catalyst for the three‐component Mannich reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of Alkynylaziridine Indoles for the Synthesis of Spiro‐tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines.
Authors: Yang Yan‐Fang , Li Lian‐Hua , He Yu‐Tao , Luo Jian‐Yi , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: June 2014

An efficient method to the preparation of spirocyclic tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines is presented using a Au/Ag‐catalyzed tandem Friedel—Crafts type addition, followed by a cyclization process of the aminoallene intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzyme and Gold Catalysis: A New Enantioselective Entry into Functionalized 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐pyrrolines.
Authors: Ritzen Bas , Richelle Gaston J. J. , Brocken Laurens , van Delft Floris L. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T.
Published: June 2014

The chiral propargyl amines (I) are easily prepared by asymmetric hydroxynitrile lyase catalyzed hydrocyanation of corresponding propargyl aldehydes according to a recently published procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Vinylogous Mannich Reaction of Silyloxy Furans with N‐tert‐Butanesulfinyl Ketimines.
Authors: Rao V. U. Bhaskara , Jadhav Amol P. , Garad Dnyaneshwar , Singh Ravi P.
Published: June 2014

The title reaction proceeds with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivity providing a facile access to enantiomerically enriched sterically encumbered 3‐aminooxindole butenolides.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Hydroindoles via Catalyst‐Free Multicomponent Reactions of Ninhydrin in Water.
Authors: Rostami‐Charati Faramarz
Published: June 2014

The catalyst‐free three‐component reaction of ninhydrin (I), β‐dicarbonyl compounds (II) or (V) with primary amines (III) affords title compounds of type (IV) or (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrazoles from Nitroallylic Acetates and N‐Tosyl Hydrazine.
Authors: Shao Nana , Chen Tong , Zhang Taotao , Zhu Huajian , Zheng Qunxiong , Zou Hongbin
Published: June 2014

The title process is initiated by a SN2 reaction at the electrophilic γ site in contrast to all other previously reported reactions of nitroallylic acetates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1H‐Imidazoles Catalyzed by Cu‐Nanoparticle and Its Physicochemical Properties.
Authors: Pagadala Ramakanth , Gandhare Nilesh V. , Kusampally Uppalaiah , Jetti Venkateshwarlu , Meshram Jyotsna S. , Juneja H. D.
Published: June 2014

The microwave‐assisted synthesis of imidazoles, performed in the presence of Cu nanoparticles results in higher yields and shorter reaction times compared to the microwave‐assisted synthesis in the presence of zeolite or by usual classical reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstitued Benzimidazole Using SnCl2‐Catalyzed Reduction System at Room Temperature.
Authors: Duan Li‐Ping , Li Qiang , Wu Ning‐Bo , Xu Dong‐Fang , Zhang Hao‐Bing
Published: June 2014

Reaction of aniline (I) with (II) gives an intermediate Schiff base which is directly converted into benzimidazole products in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of an sp3 C—H Bond via a Redox‐Neutral Domino Reaction: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Hexahydropyrrolo[2,1‐b]oxazoles.
Authors: Rahman Matiur , Bagdi Avik Kumar , Mishra Subhajit , Hajra Alakananda
Published: June 2014

Pyrrolidinooxazolidines (III) are prepared by microwave‐assisted reaction of pyrrolidine (I) with 2 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dimethyl 2‐(2‐Methylenebenzo[d]thiazol‐3(2H)‐yl) Succinate Derivatives by a Novel Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Nassiri Mahmoud , Milani Forough Jalili , Hassankhani Asadollah
Published: June 2014

The reaction is conducted in the absence of a catalyst without any prior activation of the reactants.
ChemInform Abstract: Rational Design and Synthesis of Novel Dibenzo[b,d]furan‐1,2,3‐triazole Conjugates as Potent Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Authors: Yempala Thirumal , Sridevi Jonnalagadda Padma , Yogeeswari Perumal , Sriram Dharmarajan , Kantevari Srinivas
Published: June 2014

Among the tested compounds derivatives (IIIa,d,e) exhibit the highest antitubercular activity.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Facile Synthesis of Novel 1,2,3‐Triazolyl‐N‐acylpyrazoline Hybrids (III)
Authors: Shanmugavelan Poovan , Sathishkumar Murugan , Nagarajan Sangaraiah , Ponnuswamy Alagusundaram
Published: June 2014

via three‐component reaction of triazolyl‐chalcones (I) with hydrazine hydrate and acetic or propionic acid (16 examples)
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles and Isoxazoles.
Authors: Kivrak Arif , Zora Metin
Published: June 2014

1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles [(IV) and (VIII)] and isoxazoles (V) are synthesized in a two‐step procedure in the presence of a base or acid, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: CeCl3‐Promoted One‐Pot Synthesis of Multisubstituted Bispyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole Derivatives.
Authors: Ablajan Keyume , Wang Li‐Ju , Maimaiti Zulipiya , Lu Yong‐Ting
Published: June 2014

Title compounds [(IV) and (VI)] are synthesized starting from methyl esters (I) or, with slightly lower yields, corresponding ethyl esters using a facile and scalable four‐component synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Dimerization of Propiolates: A Simple Route to α‐Pyrones.
Authors: Manikandan Rajendran , Jeganmohan Masilamani
Published: June 2014

The Ru‐catalyzed homo‐ and heterodimerization of propiolates proceeds with high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazol‐1‐yl‐acetic Acid as a Novel Green Bifunctional Organocatalyst for the Synthesis of 1,8‐Dioxooctahydroxanthenes under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Nazari Simin , Keshavarz Mosadegh , Karami Bahador , Iravani Nasir , Vafaee‐Nezhad Masoumeh
Published: June 2014

Imidazolylacetic acid appears to be a new and efficient organocatalyst for the synthesis of dioxooctahydroxanthenes (III) (17 examples) via reaction of cyclohexanediones (I) with aromatic aldehydes under solvent‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Supported HY‐Zeolite: An Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1,8‐Dioxo‐octahydroxanthenes
Authors: Sivaguru Paramasivam , Lalitha Appaswami
Published: June 2014

via condensation of dimedone with aromatic aldehydes (13 examples)
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Assembly of Chiral Tetrahydrothiopyrans Containing Four Consecutive Stereocenters via an Organocatalytic Enantioselective Michael—Michael Cascade.
Authors: Sheng Chunquan , et al. et al.
Published: June 2014

Suitable reaction conditions are presented for the reaction of new bifunctional ketothioether enones with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes to produce the title compounds with excellent enantioselectivities and only moderate diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐6‐indolylpyridine‐3‐carbonitriles and Evaluation of Their Antiproliferative Activity.
Authors: El‐Sayed Naglaa Salem , Shirazi Amir Nasrolahi , El‐Meligy Magda Goda , El‐Ziaty Ahmed Kamel , Rowley David , Sun Jiadong , Nagib Zenat Adeeb , Parang Keykavous
Published: June 2014

6‐Indolylpyridine‐3‐cyanides are prepared in a one‐pot multicomponent reaction from 3‐acetylindole, arylaldehydes, ethyl cyanoacetate and ammonium acetate.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones and 1,6‐Naphthyridin‐5(6H)‐ones by an N‐Acylation‐SNAr Sequence.
Authors: Bunce Richard A. , Nammalwar Baskar , Gnanasekaran Krishna Kumar , Cain Nicholas R.
Published: June 2014

The synthesis of the title compounds starts from readily available enaminoesters (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Promoted Synthesis of 1‐Alkyl‐3‐aroylindolizines from N‐(Aroylmethyl)pyridinium Salts and Aliphatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Tan Chen , Yan Peiyun , Ye Weijian , Yao Juan , Wu Weiming , Wang Cunde
Published: June 2014

The reaction proceeds via tandem process involving [3+2] cycloaddition, dehydration of the cycloadduct, and dehydroaromatization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Pyrano[3,2‐f]quinoline, Phenanthroline Derivatives and Studies of Their Interactions with Proteins: An Application in Mammalian Cell Imaging.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Ponra Sudipta , Ghosh Tapas , Sadhukhan Ratan , Ghosh Utpal
Published: June 2014

Derivatives (II) are able to stain cultured Hela cell after fixing and give fluorescence at the sky blue region.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine in the Presence of Iodine—Water Catalytic System.
Authors: Siddiqui I. R. , Rai Pragati , Rahila Rahila , Srivastava Anushree , Shamim Shayna
Published: June 2014

Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines are prepared in an eco‐friendly multicomponent reaction from 2‐aminopyridine, benzaldehyde and phenylacetylene derivatives in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure Elucidation of New Regioisomeric 2‐Alkylamino‐6‐aryl‐8,9‐dihydropyrimido[4,5‐b][1,4]diazepin‐4(7H)‐ones.
Authors: Insuasty Braulio , Orozco Fabian , Quiroga Jairo , Abonia Rodrigo , Nogueras Manuel , Cobo Justo
Published: June 2014

The reaction between pyrimidinone derivatives and Mannich bases is carried out either by conventional heating or by microwave irradiation, providing the possibility of working with both stable and sensitive diaminopyrimidines by controlling parameters like reaction rates, temperature and power of irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bis‐ and Tris(3‐H‐1,3‐azaphospholo)benzenes.
Authors: Marchenko Anatoliy , Koidan Heorgiy , Huryeva Anastasiya , Smaliy Radomyr , Vlasenko Yurii , Gutov Oleksii , Kostyuk Aleksandr
Published: June 2014

Surprisingly, the double and the triple intramolecular cyclocondensation proceeds more efficiently than previously reported reaction involving monoaminobenzene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloadducts of 1‐Alkyl‐1,2‐diphospholes with N‐Phenylmaleimide: Synthesis, Structure, Oxidation, and Thionation Reactions.
Authors: Zagidullin Almaz , Miluykov Vasili , Sinyashin Oleg , Loennecke Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie
Published: June 2014

The products (IV) and (V) are stable under air.
ChemInform Abstract: Nakijiquinone S (Ia) and Nakijinol C (Ib), New Meroterpenoids from a Marine Sponge of the Family Spongiidae.
Authors: Suzuki Haruna , Kubota Takaaki , Takahashi‐Nakaguchi Azusa , Fromont Jane , Gonoi Tohru , Kobayashi Jun'ichi
Published: June 2014

Both compounds show antimicrobial activities against several bacteria and fungi.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiinflammatory Compounds from the Aerial Parts of Aceriphyllum rossii
Authors: Trang Tran Thi Thu , Cuong To Dao , Hung Tran Manh , Kim Jeong Ah , Lee Jeong Hyung , Woo Mi Hee , Choi Jae Sue , Lee Hyeong Kyu , Min Byung Sun
Published: June 2014

isolation, structural elucidation and antiinflammatory activity of a new megastigmane glycoside, galloyl linarionoside A (I), along with 13 known compounds
ChemInform Abstract: NF‐ϰB Inhibitory Activities of Glycosides and Alkaloids from Zanthoxylum schinifolium Stems
Authors: Li Wei , Yang Seo Young , Yan Xi Tao , Sun Ya Nan , Song Seok Bean , Kang Hee Kyoung , Kim Young Ho
Published: June 2014

isolation, structure and NF‐ϰB inhibitory activities of one new neolignan glycoside, zanthoxyloside A (I), together with 16 known glycosides and alkaloids
ChemInform Abstract: Hyrtimomines, Indole Alkaloids from Okinawan Marine Sponges Hyrtios spp.
Authors: Tanaka Naonobu , Momose Rei , Takahashi‐Nakaguchi Azusa , Gonoi Tohru , Fromont Jane , Kobayashi Jun'ichi
Published: June 2014

Six new indole alkaloids, hyrtimomines F‐K, are isolated and screened for their antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Absolute Configuration and Antibiotic Activity of Neosartorin (I) from the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis.
Authors: Ola Antonius R. B. , Debbab Abdessamad , Aly Amal H. , Mandi Attila , Zerfass Ilka , Hamacher Alexandra , Kassack Matthias U. , Broetz‐Oesterhelt Heike , Kurtan Tibor , Proksch Peter
Published: June 2014

The title compound (I) exhibits substantial antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of Gram‐positive bacterial species (e.g. staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci, B.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Erismodegib.
Authors: Hu Bing , Cai Jin , Chen Junqing , Cao Meng , Wang Peng , Zong Xi , Zhang Rui , Ji Min
Published: June 2014

The synthetic procedure is suitable for industrial production of (I*).
ChemInform Abstract: First Total Synthesis of Prunustatin A.
Authors: Yamakoshi Shuhei , Kawanishi Eiji
Published: June 2014

The first total synthesis of prunustatin A (I) is achieved via a Reformatsky reaction and a Shiina macrolactonization in the presence of 2‐methyl‐6‐nitrobenzoic anhydride and DMAP.
ChemInform Abstract: An Alternate Synthesis of Bosentan Monohydrate, an Endothelin Receptor Antagonist.
Authors: Pradeep Rebelli , Jayaprakash Rao Yerrabelly , Kumari Bharathi Yalamanchili , Subbanarsimulu Porala , Venkat Reddy Ghojala , Kondal Reddy Bairy
Published: June 2014

This alternate, improved, and efficient synthesis affords bosentan (I) without formation of reported impurities.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (‐)‐trans‐Blechnic Acid via Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed C—H Insertion and Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed C—H Olefination Reactions.
Authors: Ito Motoki , Namie Ryosuke , Krishnamurthi Janagiraman , Miyamae Hitomi , Takeda Koji , Nambu Hisanori , Hashimoto Shunichi
Published: June 2014

(‐)‐trans‐blechnic acid (I) has an uncommon 2,3‐cis‐stereochemistry and belongs to the dihydrobenzofuran neolignans, which exhibit several biological activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyol‐Mediated Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Crystalline Tungstate Nanoparticles MWO4 (M: Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn).
Authors: Ungelenk Jan , Speldrich Manfred , Dronskowski Richard , Feldmann Claus
Published: June 2014

The title nanoparticles are prepared from diethylene glycol solutions of M(OAc)2 or Cu(NO3)2 by addition of aqueous Na2WO4 solution (pH 4.8—5.5, 220 °C, 1 h, <85% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Capsules with Highly Active Pores and Interiors: Versatile Platforms at the Nanoscale
Authors: Mueller Achim , Gouzerh Pierre
Published: June 2014

Review: [emphasis on metal oxide based capsules of the {M132} Keplerate type; 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Fibers: Precursor Systems, Processing, Structure, and Properties
Authors: Frank Erik , Steudle Lisa M. , Ingildeev Denis , Spoerl Johanna M. , Buchmeiser Michael R.
Published: June 2014

Review: [227 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydride Reductions of Transition Metal Oxides
Authors: Yamamoto Takafumi , Kageyama Hiroshi
Published: June 2014

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hard Magnetic Ferrite: ε‐Fe2O3
Authors: Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi , Tokoro Hiroko
Published: June 2014

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Organic Frameworks: From Molecules/Metal Ions to Crystals to Superstructures
Authors: Carne‐Sanchez Arnau , Imaz Inhar , Stylianou Kyriakos C. , Maspoch Daniel
Published: June 2014

Review: [recently developed synthetic strategies to control the one‐, two‐ and three‐dimensional organisation of MOF crystals; 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Utilization of the Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Phosphorescent Transition Metal Complexes in the Development of Photofunctional Cellular Sensors, Imaging Reagents, and Cytotoxic Agents
Authors: Lo Kenneth Kam‐Wing , Li Steve Po‐Yam
Published: June 2014

Review: [87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron‐Poor Polyhedra in Metallaborane Structures: Metal Atoms at Degree 7 Vertices of Capped Isocloso Deltahedra
Authors: King R. Bruce
Published: June 2014

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Strategies for Medium‐ and Large‐Ring Lactone Synthesis
Authors: Zhao Wanxiang , Sun Jianwei
Published: June 2014

Review: 28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1958—2014: After 56 Years of Research, Cytochrome P450 Reactivity Is Finally Explained
Authors: McQuarters Ashley B. , Wolf Matthew W. , Hunt Andrew P. , Lehnert Nicolai
Published: June 2014

Review: 13 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery and Development of Organic Super‐Electron‐Donors
Authors: Murphy John A.
Published: June 2014

Review: [55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,8‐Cineole: Chemical and Biological Oxidation Reactions and Products
Authors: Azerad Robert
Published: June 2014

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed, Directed C—H Coupling with Organometallics
Authors: Giri Ramesh , Thapa Surendra , Kafle Arjun
Published: June 2014

Review: [68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carboxylate‐Directed C—H Functionalization
Authors: Shi Guangfa , Zhang Yanghui
Published: June 2014

Review: [68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Weakly Coordinating Directing Groups for Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed C—H Activation
Authors: De Sarkar Suman , Liu Weiping , Kozhushkov Sergei I. , Ackermann Lutz
Published: June 2014

Review: [54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biosynthesis and Chemical Synthesis of Presilphiperfolanol Natural Products
Authors: Hong Allen Y. , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: June 2014

Review: [50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleic Acid Based Logical Systems
Authors: Han Da , Kang Huaizhi , Zhang Tao , Wu Cuichen , Zhou Cuisong , You Mingxu , Chen Zhuo , Zhang Xiaobing , Tan Weihong
Published: June 2014

Review: the most recent and important developments in nucleic acid‐based logical devices and their evolution from in vitro, through cellular, even towards in vivo biological applications; 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biotransformation of Diterpenes
Authors: Rico‐Martinez Maria , Medina Fernanda G. , Marrero Joaquin G. , Osegueda‐Robles Soraya
Published: June 2014

Review: [reactions mediated by fungi, published between 2000—2013; 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Indium‐Promoted Allylation of Chiral N‐Sulfinyl Imines
Authors: Foubelo Francisco , Yus Miguel
Published: June 2014

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Glymes as Versatile Solvents for Chemical Reactions and Processes: From the Laboratory to Industry
Authors: Tang Shaokun , Zhao Hua
Published: June 2014

Review: 389 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclization with Some Heterocyclic Diamines: Synthetic Approaches for Nitrogen Bridgehead Heterocyclic Systems
Authors: Ibrahim Magdy A. , El‐Gohary Nasser M.
Published: June 2014

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkynes in Organocatalysis
Authors: Salvio Riccardo , Moliterno Mauro , Bella Marco
Published: June 2014

Review: [57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral 1,1′‐Binaphthyl‐2,2′‐disulfonic Acid (BINSA) and Its Derivatives for Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Hatano Manabu , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: June 2014

Review: [37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Selective Oxidation Catalysis for Sustainable Chemistry
Authors: Guo Zhen , Liu Bin , Zhang Qinghong , Deng Weiping , Wang Ye , Yang Yanhui
Published: June 2014

Review: selective oxidations of methane, alcohols and CO over heterogeneous catalysts; 335 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptidomimetics via Modifications of Amino Acids and Peptide Bonds
Authors: Avan Ilker , Hall C. Dennis , Katritzky Alan R.
Published: June 2014

Review: 258 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement of Oximes and Hydroxylamines with Aluminum Reductants
Authors: Cho Hidetsura
Published: June 2014

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Vanadium Metal—Organic Frameworks: Structures and Applications
Authors: Van Der Voort Pascal , Leus Karen , Liu Ying‐Ya , Vandichel Matthias , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Waroquier Michel , Biswas Shyam
Published: June 2014

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: IUPAC‐NIST Solubility Data Series. 98. Solubility of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Pure and Organic Solvent Mixtures‐Revised and Updated. Part 3. Neat Organic Solvents
Authors: Acree William E. Jr.
Published: June 2014

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Small‐Molecule Quadruplex‐Targeted Drug Discovery
Authors: Ohnmacht Stephan A. , Neidle Stephen
Published: June 2014

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Back to the Future — The Value of Single Protein Species Investigations
Authors: Jungblut Peter R.
Published: June 2014

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fischer—Tropsch Catalysts for the Production of Hydrocarbon Fuels with High Selectivity
Authors: Zhang Qinghong , Cheng Kang , Kang Jincan , Deng Weiping , Wang Ye
Published: June 2014

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Amides and Borohydrides for High‐Capacity Solid‐State Hydrogen Storage‐Materials Design and Kinetic Improvements
Authors: Wang Jianhui , Li Hai‐Wen , Chen Ping
Published: June 2014

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Concepts and Chemical Applications
Authors: Schluecker Sebastian
Published: June 2014

Review: 177 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiple Reaction Pathways of Metallofullerenes Investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Koshino Masanori
Published: June 2014

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Linear Liquid‐State NMR
Authors: Desvaux Herve
Published: June 2014

Review: 199 refs.
Complexity of a problem of energy efficient real‐time task scheduling on a multicore processor
Authors: Mishra Abhishek , Tripathi Anil Kumar
Published: June 2014

The problem of scheduling independent tasks with a common deadline for a multicore processor is investigated. The speed of cores can be varied (from a finite set of core speeds) using software controlled Dynamic Voltage Scaling. The energy consumption is to be minimized. This problem was called the Energy Efficient Task Scheduling Problem (EETSP) in a previous work in which a Monte Carlo algorithm was proposed for solving it. This work investigates the complexity of the EETSP problem. The EETSP problem is proved to be NP‐Complete. Under the assumption of
, the EETSP problem is also proved to be inapproximable. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 259–267, 2015
Sonication‐Induced Pathways in the Synthesis of Light‐Active Catalysts for Photocatalytic Oxidation of Organic Contaminants
Authors: Colmenares Juan Carlos
Published: June 2014

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is becoming increasingly important due to the variety of its applications and multidisciplinary aspects. Applications such as water/air detoxification–disinfection, solar‐energy storage, high‐value‐chemical production, optoelectronics, and sensors are some of the most promising. In recent years, the development of environmentally‐friendly and cost‐efficient procedures for material synthesis that could substitute the old ones has been on demand. Unconventional and soft techniques, such as sonication, offer enormous possibilities for the synthesis of a broad spectrum of nanostructured materials, among them photocatalysts. This Review will focus the readers’ attention on ultrasound‐induced methodologies used for the preparation of nanostructured photocatalysts (e.g., supported nanoparticles, semiconductors) and their application in the photocatalytic oxidation of organic contaminants.
The chromatin remodeling protein CHD7, mutated in CHARGE syndrome, is necessary for proper craniofacial and tracheal development
Authors: Sperry Ethan D. , Hurd Elizabeth A. , Durham Mark A. , Reamer Elyse N. , Stein Adam B. , Martin Donna M.
Published: June 2014

Background: Heterozygous mutations in the chromatin remodeling gene CHD7 cause CHARGE syndrome, a developmental disorder with variable craniofacial dysmorphisms and respiratory difficulties. The molecular etiologies of these malformations are not well understood. Homozygous Chd7 null mice die by E11, whereas Chd7Gt/+ heterozygous null mice are a viable and excellent model of CHARGE. We explored skeletal phenotypes in Chd7Gt/+ and Chd7 conditional knockout mice, using Foxg1‐Cre to delete Chd7 (Foxg1‐CKO) in the developing eye, ear, nose, pharyngeal pouch, forebrain, and gut and Wnt1‐Cre (Wnt1‐CKO) to delete Chd7 in migrating neural crest cells. Results: Foxg1‐CKO mice exhibited postnatal respiratory distress and death, dysplasia of the eye, concha, and frontal bone, hypoplastic maxillary shelves and nasal epithelia, and reduced tracheal rings. Wnt1‐CKO mice exhibited frontal and occipital bone dysplasia, hypoplasia of the maxillary shelves and mandible, and cleft palate. In contrast, heterozygous Chd7Gt/+ mice had apparently normal skeletal development. Conclusions: Conditional deletion of Chd7 in ectodermal and endodermal derivatives (Foxg1‐Cre) or migrating neural crest cells (Wnt1‐Cre) results in varied and more severe craniofacial defects than in Chd7Gt/+ mice. These studies indicate that CHD7 has an important, dosage‐dependent role in development of several different craniofacial tissues. Developmental Dynamics 243:1055–1066, 2014. © 2014 The Authors Developmental Dynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Dyslexia in Higher Education: Implications for Maths Anxiety, Statistics Anxiety and Psychological Well‐being
Authors: Jordan Julie‐Ann , McGladdery Gary , Dyer Kevin
Published: June 2014

This study examined levels of mathematics and statistics anxiety, as well as general mental health amongst undergraduate students with dyslexia (n = 28) and those without dyslexia (n = 71). Students with dyslexia had higher levels of mathematics anxiety relative to those without dyslexia, while statistics anxiety and general mental health were comparable for both reading ability groups. In terms of coping strategies, undergraduates with dyslexia tended to use planning‐based strategies and seek instrumental support more frequently than those without dyslexia. Higher mathematics anxiety was associated with having a dyslexia diagnosis, as well as greater levels of worrying, denial, seeking instrumental support and less use of the positive reinterpretation coping strategy. By contrast, statistics anxiety was not predicted by dyslexia diagnosis, but was instead predicted by overall worrying and the use of denial and emotion focused coping strategies. The results suggest that disability practitioners should be aware that university students with dyslexia are at risk of high mathematics anxiety. Additionally, effective anxiety reduction strategies such as positive reframing and thought challenging would form a useful addition to the support package delivered to many students with dyslexia. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How do parents of adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa interact with their child at mealtimes? A study of parental strategies used in the family meal session of family‐based treatment
Authors: White Hannah J. , Haycraft Emma , Madden Sloane , Rhodes Paul , Miskovic‐Wheatley Jane , Wallis Andrew , Kohn Michael , Meyer Caroline
Published: June 2014

Objective

To examine the range and frequency of parental mealtime strategies used during the family meal session of Family‐Based Treatment (FBT) for adolescent anorexia nervosa, and to explore the relationships between parental mealtime strategies, mealtime emotional tone and parental ‘success’ at encouraging adolescent food consumption.

Method

Participants were 21 families with a child aged between 12 and 18 years receiving FBT for adolescent anorexia nervosa. Video recordings of the family meal session (FBT session two) were coded using the Family Mealtime Coding System adapted in this study for use with adolescents (FMCS‐A) to identify frequency of parental strategies, emotional tone of the meal (measured by adolescent positive and negative vocalisations) and frequency of prompted mouthfuls consumed by the adolescent (measured by the number of mouthfuls consumed by the adolescent immediately following parental interactions).

Results

A range of parental mealtime strategies were in use. Those used repeatedly included direct eating prompts, non‐direct eating prompts, physical prompts, and providing information or food‐related choices. Several parental mealtime strategies (direct and non‐direct eating prompts) were found to be consistently associated with the tone of adolescents' vocalisations and the number of mouthfuls consumed in response to a parental prompt.

Discussion

Despite associations with negativity from the adolescent, the use of food‐related prompts (both verbal and physical) seems to be associated with increased eating. This indicates the potentially important role of parental control of eating. Following replication, these findings might provide a focus for therapists when supporting and coaching parents during the family meal session. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2014 (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:72–80)
Flagellin‐induced expression of CXCL10 mediates direct fungal killing and recruitment of NK cells to the cornea in response to Candida albicans infection
Authors: Liu Xiaowei , Gao Nan , Dong Chen , Zhou Li , Mi Qing‐Sheng , Standiford Theodore J. , Yu Fu‐Shin X.
Published: June 2014

We previously showed that topical flagellin induces profound mucosal innate protection in the cornea against microbial infection, a response involving multiple genes and cell types. In this study, we used a Candida albicans (CA)‐C57BL/6 mouse keratitis model to delineate the contribution of CXCL10‐ and CXCR3‐expressing cells in flagellin‐induced protection. Flagellin pretreatment markedly enhanced CXCL10 expression at 6 h post CA infection (hpi), but significantly dampened CXCL10 expression at 24 hpi. At the cellular level, CXCL10 was expressed in the epithelia at 6 hpi in flagellin‐pretreated corneas, and concentrated at lesion sites 24 hpi. CXCR3‐expressing cells were detected in great numbers at 24 hpi, organized within clusters at the lesion sites in CA‐infected corneas. CXCL10 or CXCR3 neutralization increased keratitis severity and dampened flagellin‐induced protection. CXCR3‐positive cells were identified as NK cells, the depletion of which resulted in severe CA keratitis. Contributions from NK T‐cells were excluded by finding no change in flagellin‐induced protection in Rag1 KO mice. Recombinant CXCL10 inhibited CA growth in vitro and accelerated fungal clearance and inflammation resolution in vivo. Taken together, our data indicate that epithelium‐expressed CXCL10 plays a critical role in fungal clearance and that CXCR3‐expressing NK cells contribute to CA eradication in mouse corneas.
Treatment of the Digallium Compound R2Ga–GaR2 [R = CH(SiMe3)2] with Functionalized Dicarboxylic Acids: Macrocycles, Hydrogen Bonding, and Sulfur–Sulfur Closed‐Shell Interactions
Authors: Uhl Werner , Stefaniak Christina , Hepp Alexander , Kösters Jutta
Published: June 2014

Treatment of the tetraalkyldigallium compound R2Ga–GaR2 (1) [R = CH(SiMe3)2] with functionalized dicarboxylic acids (2,2′‐bipyridyl‐3,3′‐dicarboxylic acid, 2,2′‐iminodibenzoic acid, 2,2′‐dithiodibenzoic acid) resulted in the formation of large heterocycles in which two Ga–Ga bonds were bridged by two dicarboxylato spacer ligands. Each Ga–Ga bond was bridged by two carboxylate groups in an almost ideal perpendicular arrangement that favors the formation of macrocyclic structures. The N–H groups of the imino‐bridged compound pointed towards the center of the molecule and formed a network of hydrogen bonds through interactions with carboxylate oxygen atoms. Both disulfur groups of the dithio derivative adopted an ideal coplanar arrangement and came into relatively close contact, which might indicate a weak closed‐shell bonding interaction between the sulfur atoms.