bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mn1.5Co1.5O4 Spinel Conducting Coatings on Al453 Ferritic Steel with Regard to their Application as Interconnects in It-Sofc
Authors: Kruk A. , Stygar M. , Brylewski T. , Przybylski K.
Published: July 2013

The ferritic AL453 steel is one of potential metallic interconnect materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. However, the evaporation of chromium from the chromia scale formed on this steel and the increasing thickness of this scale result in the slow deterioration in the electrical properties of the interconnect’s elements. In order to improve fuel cell efficiency, the surface of the interconnect material was modified by applying a protective-conducting Mn1.5Co1.5O4 spinel coating. Thermal and electrical tests of the La0.8Sr0.2FeO3 cathode - AL453/Mn1.5Co1.5O4 interconnect system at 1073 K for 200 hrs in air confirmed the effectiveness of the spinel layers as a means of stopping chromium diffusion from the AL453 steel and inhibiting oxidation, while at the same time promoting electrical contact and minimizing cathode-interconnect interfacial resistance.
Contribution of Electron Tomography to Development of Innovative Materials for Clean Energy Systems and Aeronautics
Authors: Kruk A. , Czyrska-Filemonowicz A.
Published: July 2013

The development of innovative materials for clean energy systems and aeronautics requires use of modern research methods to characterize the structure on the level from micro- to nanoscale. Modern two-dimensional imaging techniques recently available in electron microscopes allow use of tomographic methods to characterize the structure of materials. Application of modern three dimensional imaging techniques such as electron tomography allows accurate qualitative and quantitative measurement of the structure elements in the micro- and nanoscale. The electron tomography studies have been carried out for three-dimensional visualization and metrology of different materials for clean energy systems and aeronautics. Electron tomography results provided quantitative data about shape, size and distribution of the particles, complementary to those obtained by means of quantitative TEM metallography.
Microstructure Characterization of Tungsten Based Alloys for Fusion Application
Authors: Cempura G. , Kruk A. , Thomser C. , Wirtz M. , Czyrska-Filemonowicz A.
Published: July 2013

The microstructure of two tungsten based alloys (W-1.1%TiC and W-1.7% TiC) was characterized using light microscopy, analytical electron microscopy and electron tomography. These alloys represent a class of W based dispersion strengthened alloys with TiC used as strengthening particles. Addition of TiC leads to improved creep resistance and tensile strength of the W based alloys. The results show that the W-1.7%TiC alloy exhibits large scatter in grain size, much higher porosity and contains also Ti-O particles. The W-1.1%TiC alloy has fine grained microstructure with uniformly distributed fine TiC particles within the matrix and low porosity. As a result of the different microstructure, the W-1.1%TiC alloy exhibits better mechanical properties, when compared to the W-1.7%TiC alloy.
High Temperature Oxidation Behaviour of Tial8Nb Alloy
Authors: Przybylski K. , Prazuch J. , Brylewski T. , Durda E.
Published: July 2013

The goal of this work is to determine the effect of niobium on the kinetics and mechanism of Ti-Al oxidation in air. In order to compare the oxidation kinetics of Ti-Al and Ti-Al with the addition of niobium, isothermal oxidation was performed on Ti-48Al and Ti-46Al-8Nb (in at.%) alloys at 1073 K in synthetic air. Cyclic oxidation of Ti-46Al and Ti-46Al-8Nb alloys was carried out in laboratory air for 42 cycles (1 cycle, 24 hrs). The morphology, as well as chemical and phase composition of the oxidation products were investigated using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). From these investigations it can be concluded that niobium addition increases the corrosion resistance of TiAl and, furthermore, improves the adherence between the metallic substrate and the oxide scale. The oxidation mechanism of Ti-46Al-8Nb was studied via secondary neutral mass spectroscopy (SNMS) after two-stage isothermal oxidation (24 hrs in 16O2 followed by 24 hrs in 18O2) at 1073 K. From this analysis it can be assumed that the oxidation mechanism of Ti-46Al-8Nb alloy consists of simultaneous outward titanium and aluminum diffusion and inward oxygen transport.
Electrochemical Impedance Characteristics of Sintered 7075 Aluminum Alloy Under Ssrt Condition
Authors: Sunada S. , Nunomura N.
Published: July 2013

Powder metallurgy (P/M) process has the advantage of better formability to fabricate complex shape products without machining and welding. And recently this P/M process has been applied to the production of aluminum alloys. The P/M aluminum alloys thus produced also have received considerable interest because of their fine and homogeneous structure. Many papers have been published on the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloys produced by P/M process while there have been few on their corrosion properties from the view point of electrochemistry. In this experiment, therefore, two kinds of 7075 aluminum alloys prepared by the conventional ingot metallurgy (I/M) process and P/M process were used, I/M material is commercially available. and their corrosion behavior were investigated through the electrochemical tests such as potentiodynamic polarization test, slow rate strain tensile (SSRT) test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement under SSRT test in the corrosion solution and the deionized water.
The Effect of Ti Addition on the Microstructure and Fracture Toughness of Bn-Al Composite Materials Synthesized by Vacuum Infiltration
Authors: Chao W. , Xiangxin X. , Xiaozhou C. , He Y. , Gongjin Ch.
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we studied the effect of Ti addition on the microstructure and fracture toughness of Boron nitride- Aluminum (BN-Al) composite materials that were synthesized by vacuum infiltration. The BN-Al composite materials were fabricated by preheating the [Ti+BN] preforms at 1700º for 1 hour before Al alloys were infiltrated into the preforms in a vacuum atmosphere at 1100º for 2 hours. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that the diffraction peaks of titanium diboride (TiB2) appeared when the [Ti+BN] preforms were preheated. It is thought that metal Al protected are visible and this could be achieved by the generation of TiB2 when Al infiltrated into the preform from fractography. The matching fracture toughness of the [Ti+BN] preforms gradually improve when Ti content was increased.
A Time-Motion Analysis of Turns Performed by Highly Ranked Viennese Waltz Dancers
Authors: Prosen Jerneja , James Nic , Dimitriou Lygeri , Perš Janez , Vučković Goran
Published: July 2013

Twenty-four dance couples performing at the 2011 IDSF (International DanceSport Federation) International Slovenia Open were divided into two groups: the first twelve placed couples (top ranked) and the last twelve placed couples (lower ranked). Video recordings were processed automatically using computer vision tracking algorithms under operator supervision to calculate movement parameters. Time and speed of movement were analysed during single natural (right) and reverse (left) turns performed during the Viennese waltz. Both top and lower ranked dancers tended to perform similar proportionate frequencies of reverse (≈ 35%) and natural (≈ 65%) turns. Analysis of reverse turns showed that the top ranked dancers performed less turns on a curved trajectory (16%) than the lower ranked dancers (33%). The top ranked couples performed all turns at similar speeds (F = 1.31, df = 3, p = 0.27; mean = 2.09m/s) all of which were significantly quicker than the lower ranked couples (mean = 1.94m/s), the greatest differences found for reverse turns (12.43% faster for curved trajectories, 8.42% for straight trajectories). This suggests that the ability to maintain a high speed in the more difficult turns, particularly the reverse turns on a curved trajectory, results in the overall dance appearing more fluent as the speed of movement does not fluctuate as much. This aspect of performance needs to be improved by lower ranked dancers if they wish to improve rating of their performance. Future research should determine which factors relate to the speed of turns.
A Physiological and Kinematic Comparison of two Different Lean Back Positions During Stationary Rowing on a Concept II Machine
Authors: Bell Gordon , Bennett Jack , Reynolds William , Syrotuik Daniel , Gervais Pierre
Published: July 2013

This study compared two different body positions at the finish of a stroke during stationary rowing exercise on physiological and kinematic measurements. Nine male and five female rowers volunteered for the study: mean age (± SD), body height and body mass were 27 ±9 yrs, 180.5 ±12.3 cm and 81.2 ±14.2 kg. The two body positions at the finish were controlled at an upright posture or a novel greater lean back position. All subjects completed 3 different experimental trials on a Concept IID rowing machine at 3 different exercise intensities and comparisons were made between the lean back position at the same stroke rate and the same power output as the upright trial. Power output, heart rate, oxygen uptake, energy expenditure and % efficiency were higher (p<0.05) with the greater lean back position at the same stroke rate compared to all other conditions. Range of motion at the hip, ankle, and elbow and the handle velocity and distance moved were greater (p<0.05) with the lean back position. In conclusion, a greater lean back posture at the finish during stationary rowing produces a higher power output and improved efficiency at the same stroke rate but at an elevated physiological cost compared to a more upright position. Despite the higher energy expenditure, the relative gain in power output and efficiency with no negative kinematic changes suggests that a greater lean back position at the finish will enhance performance during stationary rowing exercise.
The Effect of Patellar Taping on Squat Depth and the Perception of Pain in People with Anterior Knee Pain
Authors: Clifford Amanda M. , Harrington Elaine
Published: July 2013

Patellar taping is a treatment adjunct commonly used in the management of anterior knee pain. The aim of this cross sectional study was to investigate the effects of medial glide patellar taping on sagittal plane lower-limb joint kinematics and knee pain during a unilateral squat in a symptomatic population complaining of anterior knee pain. Ten participants with a history of unilateral or bilateral anterior knee pain were included in the study. Subjects were required to squat on the symptomatic leg under three conditions: placebo tape, patellar tape and no tape. Kinematic data was recorded using the CODA mpx64 motion analysis system and subjects’ pain was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale. Patellar taping resulted in a significantly greater single-legged squat depth compared to placebo tape (p=0.008) and no tape (p=0.001) and a statistically significant reduction in pain during a squat compared to placebo tape (p=0.001) or no tape (p=0.001). Significant differences were not identified for maximum knee flexion in the patella taping compared to the no tape condition. This study may have significant clinical implications as participants reported less pain and alterations in sagittal plane movement following the application of patellar tape.
Changes in Selected Parameters of Swimming Technique in the Back Crawl and the Front Crawl in Young Novice Swimmers
Authors: Jerszyński Damian , Antosiak-Cyrak Katarzyna , Habiera Małgorzata , Wochna Krystian , Rostkowska Elżbieta
Published: July 2013

The study aimed to examine changes in selected angular characteristics and duration of the stroke cycle in the back crawl and the front crawl in children learning to swim. Nine boys and two girls, aged 8-13 years, performed seven consecutive swimming tests. The children’s movement technique was recorded with the use of three video cameras. The studied parameters included the angle of incidence between the trunk long axis and the waterline, elbow angle, shoulders roll, stroke cycle duration and stroke length. The results illustrate the development of swimming technique in youth swimmers. The results of the present study indicate the variability and phasing of learning of swimming technique by children.
Stokes Flow Around Slowly Rotating Concentric Pervious Spheres
Authors: Srivastava Deepak Kumar , Yadav Raja Ram , Yadav Supriya
Published: July 2013

In this paper, the problem of concentric pervious spheres carrying a fluid sink at their centre and rotating slowly with different uniform angular velocities 1, 2 about a diameter has been studied. The analysis reveals that only azimuthal component of velocity exists and the torque, rate of dissipated energy is found analytically in the present situation. The expression of torque on inner sphere rotating slowly with uniform angular velocity 1, while outer sphere also rotates slowly with uniform angular velocity Ω2, is evaluated. The special cases like, (i) inner sphere is fixed (i.e. Ω1 = 0), while outer sphere rotates with uniform angular velocity Ω2, (ii) outer sphere is fixed (i.e. Ω2 = 0), while inner sphere rotates with uniform angular velocity Ω1, (iii.) inner sphere rotates with uniform angular velocity 1, while outer rotates at infinity with angular velocity 2; have been deduced. The corresponding variation of torque with respect to sink parameter has been shown via figures. AMS subject classification - 76 D07
Numerical Investigation of the Controllable Wing Stall Caused by the Air Injection
Authors: Pietrzak Paulina , Piechna Janusz
Published: July 2013

This paper presents results of numerical investigation on a controllable airfoil flow separation phenomena practically applied in Formula One racing by a device called the F-duct. Separation is forced by air jets from slots located at different positions on the profile of the dual element wing and is intended to reduce aerodynamic drag. Slot position and the air jet velocity are the main parameters controlling the flow separation. The flow structure, surface pressure distribution, and the generated downwards lift and drag forces were investigated in this study. Two different flow separation structures have been recognised. Typically, wing stall is correlated with an increase in aerodynamic drag force. However, in the case of the finite wing with low aspect ratio, the induced drag is dominant and is proportional to the downforce. Therefore, flow separation on the wing increases the profile drag while simultaneously reducing the induced drag, resulting in a decrease in the total aerodynamic drag.
On the General Governing Equations of Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers
Authors: Saxena Prashant
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we present the general governing equations of electrodynamics and continuum mechanics that need to be considered while mathematically modelling the behaviour of electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs). We consider the existence of finite deformations for soft materials and the possibility of electric currents, temperature gradients, and internal heat generation due to dissipation. Starting with Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetism and balance laws of nonlinear elasticity, we present the governing equations and boundary conditions in incremental form in order to solve wave propagation problems of boundary value type.
Nonlocal Cauchy problems for fractional order nonlinear differential systems
Authors: Wang JinRong , Li Xuezhu , Zhou Yong
Published: July 2013

In this paper, we discuss nonlocal Cauchy problems for fractional order nonlinear differential systems. Firstly, an important matrix associated with fractional order and two functionals are constructed. Further, some sufficient conditions which guarantee such matrix convergent to zero matrix are presented. Secondly, by using three fixed point theorems via the techniques that use convergent to zero matrix and vector norm, some existence results for the solutions of such fractional order nonlinear differential systems are given under different conditions. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the results.
Microstructure of Al2O3-13TiO2 Coatings Deposited from Nanoparticles by Plasma Spraying
Authors: Góral A. , Litynska-Dobrzynska L. , Zórawski W. , Berent K. , Wojewoda-Budka J.
Published: July 2013

The aim of the study was to characterize nanostructured Al2O3-13TiO2 coatings deposited by plasma spraying on a grit blasted steel substrate. The Al2O3-13TiO2 coatings were characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Obtained coatings possessed a unique microstructure consisting of fully melted regions with the microstructure similar to a typical plasma sprayed lamellar morphology as the conventional coatings and areas comprising unmelted or partially melted nanosized particles. The analysis showed that most of the α-Al2O3 phase from the nanostructured powders transformed into γ-Al2O3 phase after plasma spraying process. Moreover, the presence of amorphous phase was also observed.
Effect of Alloying Elements on Microstructure and Properties of Al-Mn-Fe Ribbon
Authors: Stan K. , Litynska-Dobrzynska L. , Ochin P. , Wierzbicka-Miernik A. , Góral A. , Wojewoda-Budka J.
Published: July 2013

Influence of Ti, V, Cr, Zr, and Mo additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al91Mn7Fe2 quasicrystalline alloy produced by the melt spinning technique has been studied. It was found that the microstructure of obtained all ribbons was similar and consists of spherical or dendritic icosahedral quasicrystalline particles embedded in an aluminium matrix coexisting with small fraction of intermetallic phase. Comporing DSC curves obtained for each sample it was observed that the alloy with Mo addition exhibits the best thermal stability among prepared alloys. Addition of molybdenum caused a significant shift of the main exothermic peak corresponding to temperature of quasicrystalline phase decomposition from 450ºC for ternary alloy to about 550ºC for quaternary composition. Microhardness measured for all prepared alloys were similar with the mean value of about 200 HV only alloy with Zr addition exhibited higher microhardness of about 270 HV caused by strengthening effect of Zr localized in the grains of aluminium matrix.
An Image-Based Gait Simulation Study of Tarsal Kinematics in Women With Hallux Valgus
Authors: Glasoe Ward M. , Phadke Vandana , Pena Fernando A. , Nuckley David J. , Ludewig Paula M.
Published: July 2013

Background

Although not well understood, foot kinematics are changed with hallux valgus.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine tarsal kinematics in women with hallux valgus deformity.

Design

A prospective, cross-sectional design was used.

Methods

Twenty women with (n=10) and without (n=10) deformity participated. Data were acquired with the use of a magnetic resonance scanner. Participants were posed standing to simulate gait, with images reconstructed into virtual bone datasets. Measures taken described foot posture (hallux angle, intermetatarsal angle, arch angle). With the use of additional computer processes, the image sequence was then registered across gait conditions to compute relative tarsal position angles, first-ray angles, and helical axis parameters decomposed into X, Y, and Z components. An analysis of variance model compared kinematics between groups and across conditions. Multiple regression analysis assessed the relationship of arch angle, navicular position, and inclination of the first-ray axis.

Results

Both the hallux and intermetatarsal angles were larger with deformity; arch angle was not different between groups. The calcaneus was everted by ≥6.6 degrees, and the first ray adducted (F=44.17) by ≥9.3 degrees across conditions with deformity. There was an interaction (F=5.06) for the first-ray axis. Follow-up comparisons detected increased inclination of the first-ray axis over middle stance compared with late stance in the group with deformity.

Limitations

Gait was simulated, kinetics were not measured, and sample size was small.

Conclusions

There were group differences. Eversion of the calcaneus and adduction of the first ray were increased, and the first-ray axis was inclined 24 degrees over middle stance in women with deformity compared with 6 degrees in control participants. Results may identify risk factors of hallux valgus and inform nonoperative treatment (orthoses, exercise) strategies.
Oxygen isotope fractionation during the freezing of sea water
Authors: Toyota Takenobu , Smith Inga J. , Gough Alexander J. , Langhorne Patricia J. , Leonard Gregory H. , Van Hale Robert J. , Mahoney Andrew R. , Haskell Timothy G.
Published: July 2013

The dependence of oxygen isotope fractionation on ice growth rate during the freezing of sea water is investigated based on laboratory experiments and field observations in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. The laboratory experiments were performed in a tank filled with sea water, with sea ice grown under calm conditions at various room temperatures ranging from −5°C to −20°C. In McMurdo Sound, the ice growth rate was monitored using thermistor probes for first-year landfast ice that grew to ∼2 m in thickness. Combining these datasets allows, for the first time, examination of fractionation at a wide range of growth rates from 0.8 × 10−7 to 9.3 × 10−7 m s−1. In the analysis a stagnant boundary-layer model is parameterized using these two independent datasets. As a result, the optimum values of equilibrium pure-ice fractionation factor and boundary-layer thickness are estimated. It is suggested that a regime shift may occur at a growth rate of ∼2.0 × 10−7 m s−1. A case study on sea ice in the Sea of Okhotsk, where the growth rate is modeled by coupling the thermodynamic properties of the sea ice with meteorological data, demonstrates the utility of the fitted models.
Volume and velocity changes at Mittivakkat Gletscher, southeast Greenland
Authors: Mernild Sebastian H. , Knudsen Niels T. , Hoffman Matthew J. , Yde Jacob C. , Hanna Edward , Lipscomb William H. , Malmros Jeppe K. , Fausto Robert S.
Published: July 2013

We document changes for Mittivakkat Gletscher, the peripheral glacier in Greenland with the longest field-based observed mass-balance and surface velocity time series. Between 1986 and 2011, this glacier changed by −15% in mean ice thickness and −30% in volume. We attribute these changes to summer warming and lower winter snow accumulation. Vertical strain compensated for ∼60% of the elevation change due to surface mass balance (SMB) in the lower part, and ∼25% in the upper part. The annual mean ice surface velocity changed by −30%, which can be fully explained by the dynamic effect of ice thinning, within uncertainty. Mittivakkat Gletscher summer surface velocities were on average 50–60% above winter background values, and up to 160% higher during peak velocity events. Peak velocity events were accompanied by uplift of a few centimeters.
Dental Status and Oral Hygiene Practice among the Elderly People Attending at the Outpatient Department of BIRDEM Hospital, Dhaka
Authors: Debnath S , Farzan MSA , Zerin I , Kabir MA , Hossain MS
Published: July 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v2i1.15573 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.2(1) 2012: 17-21
Orthodontic treatment of Skeletal Class II Division 1 Malocclusion: A case report
Authors: Ali MW , Hossain MZ , Zaki M
Published: July 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v2i1.15575 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.2(1) 2012: 24-28
Le mécanisme bancaire et l'interprétation des statistiques monétaires
Authors: Raillon J.
Published: July 2013

La masse monétaire comprend à la fois les billets de banque et les dépôts à vue. Quand on considère l'ensemble du système bancaire (Banques - Banque de France), il se manifeste une certaine équivalence entre la masse monétaire et les emplois sous forme : a. d'achats d'or et de devises ; b. de créances sur le Trésor et c. de prêts à l'économie.

Cette interdépendance, mise en évidence dans les statistiques du Conseil national du Crédit, est l'une des caractéristiques essentielles du mécanisme du système bancaire. Il en est de même du fait que l'expansion des dépôts est liée à celle des billets et inversement, ce qui renforce la solidarité entre les Banques et la Banque de France.

En pratique, interviennent les mécanismes de la compensation et du marché monétaire, qui sont l'objet d'explications particulièrement précises.

Les fluctuations de la masse monétaire et de ses contreparties peuvent être ainsi analysées plus facilement. Le rôle du déficit des finances publiques et de l'excédent des payements extérieurs est notamment souligné.
Tensions inflationnistes et conjoncture occidentale
Authors: Hérouville Hubert d'
Published: July 2013

Les disponibilités monétaires mises directement au service du secteur privé sont en forte augmentation moyenne, dépassant celle du Produit national.

La masse des revenus des salariés (traitements et salaires) est aussi en progrès sensible depuis 1950 par rapport à l'évolution du Produit national moyen. Les revenus du capital, après un recul relatif apparent en 1952 et 1953, ont vivement progressé en 1954 et 1955. Les revenus agricoles et individuels sont en retard par rapport aux autres.

Le déficit moyen de la balance commerciale s'accroît en 1955 (sauf quelques exceptions, dont la France), surtout en ce qui concerne la zone dollar. Le stock d'or, ou les réserves en devises étrangères, ont fléchi dans les pays où se font sentir les tensions inflationnistes.

Le taux des salaires est en hausse, et n'a pas d'effet inflationniste quand il se tient dans les limites de l'augmentation de la productivité. Le taux d'escompte et la plupart des taux d'intérêts viennent d'être relevés, pour éviter certains excès de crédit et limiter la consommation.

Les prix, assez stables en moyenne jusqu'à la mi-1955, sont toutefois orientés à la hausse au Royaume-Uni et en Scandinavie, où les tensions inflationnistes sont les plus anciennes et les plus sensibles. Sur les marchés mondiaux, les prix agricoles baissent et ceux des matières premières sont en augmentation. Ce dernier fait contribue au mouvement général de hausse, encore modéré, qui semble s'amorcer depuis la fin de 1955.
Les tendances en agriculture au printemps 1956 d'après les opinions exprimées par les chefs des exploitations
Authors: Maurel Françoise
Published: July 2013

Persistance de la diminution de la main-d'œuvre salariée ; réduction des investissements ; hausse des prix ; amélioration des conditions de vente des produits — telles sont les prévisions d'ensemble faites par les chefs d'exploitation pour 1956.
L'étude psychologique du comportement des consommateurs aux États-Unis
Authors: Devaux Andrée
Published: July 2013

Des recherches sur le rôle joué par les facteurs psychologiques dans les décisions des consommateurs ont été poursuivies ces dernières années aux États-Unis, sous l'impulsion du professeur George Katona, de l'Université de Michigan. La théorie du professeur étant basée sur une hypothèse, d'après laquelle la demande de biens durables serait particulièrement sensible aux influences psychologiques, les premiers travaux effectués dans ce domaine encore peu exploré de l'économie cherchent à montrer comment se forment les décisions d'acheter des biens durables et dans quelle mesure elles sont influencées par certaines attitudes ou opinions du public. Ces études permettront-elles d'aboutir à de nouveaux systèmes de prévision? Leurs auteurs les ont déjà soumises à quelques épreuves : si les résultats ne sont pas pleinement concluants, ils présentent assez d'éléments encourageants pour que les économistes se préoccupent déjà de la place qui pourrait être accordée aux données «psychologiques » dans les schémas de prévision de la demande globale.
Évolution du cheptel bovin et production de viande
Authors: Klatzmann Joseph
Published: July 2013

La stagnation de la production de viande bovine, après la forte progression des dernières années, rend nécessaire une étude détaillée, afin de prévoir l'avenir. 1. Étude théorique des possibilités d'évolution du cheptel et des abattages : cheptel constant, cheptel croissant, changements dans le rythme d'évolution du cheptel (accroissement momentané des abattages, passage du cheptel constant au cheptel croissant, modification de la durée de service, orientation vers la production laitière ou la production de viande). 2. Étude de l'évolution depuis 1952 : contradictions entre statistiques de diverses sources ; certitude d'une forte progression des abattages, incertitude en ce qui concerne les effectifs de bétail. 3. Conclusion : risque de pénurie de viande bovine dans les prochaines années et nécessité d'une enquête pour lever cette incertitude.
Les cultes de Callatis et l'oracle de Delphes
Authors: Avram Alexandre , Lefèvre François
Published: July 2013

Malgré son état de mutilation, un dossier oraculaire exceptionnellement riche est livré par l'épigraphie de la cité de Callatis. Complété à l'aide de documents anciennement connus, qu'il permet en retour de mieux comprendre, il donne une série d'informations nouvelles sur les cultes de cette colonie mégarienne. Il témoigne aussi de l'étroitesse des liens existant entre Delphes et le Pont, du ive au 11e siècle av. J.-C. Enfin, il manifeste la vitalité de la communauté civique, soucieuse d'organiser les cultes poliades et autres selon la volonté d'Apollon.
Willingness to Pay to Avoid High Encounter Levels at Dive Sites in the Caribbean
Authors: Schuhmann Peter W. , Cazabon-Mannette Michelle , Gill David , Casey James F. , Hailey Adrian
Published: July 2013

This research estimates willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid high numbers of encounters with other divers at dive sites in barbados and Tobago. A survey of scuba divers from 2007 to 2010 examined demographics, experience, satisfaction with conditions (e.g., coral cover, visibility, diversity
of fish and marine life, crowding), dive characteristics (e.g., divers encountered), and maximum WTP for the dive. WTP was a function of dive location, diver income, encounters, and amount paid for the dive. On average, divers may be willing to pay up to US$4.51 per additional diver
to avoid encounters with others. results can inform management regarding pricing and spatial planning of reef use and can aid in policies for maximizing economic returns from diving while reducing impacts of diving on reefs and diver experiences.
Les réactions psychologiques transitoires : interculturation et personnalité interculturelle
Authors: Teyssier Julien , Denoux Patrick
Published: July 2013

Les contacts entre les cultures et leur diversité au sein des sociétés, entraînent de nombreuses conséquences dont certaines affectent directement les dynamiques identitaires. En partant de ce constat, a été élaborée une théorie de la personnalité interculturelle, s’enracinant dans une perspective interactionniste (Goffman, 1982 ; Bruner, 1991) reposant sur le paradigme selon lequel l’Homme crée l’extériorité qui crée l’Homme. Cette réciprocité donne aux réactions psychologiques transitoires une place centrale, en soulignant que ce processus permet l’adaptation intrapsychique à l’extériorité en dessinant sans cesse les contours de la fiction identitaire du sujet.
Regards sur les villes libyennes aujourd'hui
Authors: Romanet Perroux Jean-Louis , Bennafla Karine
Published: July 2013

Alors que les institutions de l’Etat peinent à s’affirme en Libye, ce pays est aujourd’hui à mi-chemin entre un Etat-nation et une confédération de villes-Etats. On y reconnaît l’argument de Charles Tilly selon lequel la guerre construit l’Etat. En effet, les cinq villes d’où proviennent les seules milices qui jouissent d’une envergure nationale, sont celles qui de fait exercent les pouvoirs régaliens sur leur territoire. Le pouvoir opérationnel et la légitimité de ces milices, ou plus exactement de ces groupes de milices, dérivent directement du rôle qu’elles ont joué durant la révolution (février-octobre 2011). Ce pouvoir physique et moral d’une poignée de villes libyennes garantit une certaine stabilité au pays, mais il représente aussi un danger majeur pour l’Etat, les institutions démocratiques et le développement d’une économie formelle et libre. Une chose est certaine : pour comprendre la réalité libyenne actuelle, il faut tout d’abord regarder l’échelon des villes. Mais il est tout aussi certain qu’une Libye forte et démocratique ne se développera qu’en dépassant les clivages territoriaux et tribaux. C’est là où la société civile a un rôle majeur à jouer.
The crisis of the center with the peripheries in Jordan
Authors: Al Shalabi Jamal , Ali Yahya
Published: July 2013

La Jordanie est en proie à deux crises au moins : crise d’un régime contesté par une opposition vigoureuse, au premier rang de laquelle se trouvent les islamistes ; crise économique qui se traduit par un fort endettement et un marasme social. Cet article met en exergue le caractère fondamentalement économique des soulèvements contre le pouvoir central – certes plus discret qu’ailleurs : leur occurrence dans les petits et moyens centres urbains (depuis les événements de Ma’an en 1989) atteste d’une dégradation des privilèges jusque-là accordés par le régime hachémite aux membres des tribus jordaniennes, à l’origine de la rupture du contrat d’allégeance.
Trajectoires de villes syriennes dans la révolution
Authors: Kachee Akram
Published: July 2013

Les Syriens font actuellement face à des interrogations sur leur identité, leur façon passée, présente et future de vivre ensemble, sur ce qui pourrait constituer une possibilité de « faire Syrie » ensemble. A la lumière des expériences qui se vivent actuellement dans certaines villes autogérées, des pistes se dégagent pour la construction d’une citoyenneté.
Sécularisation, laïcité, laïcisation
Authors: Baubérot Jean
Published: July 2013

La compréhension de ce qui se joue autour de la laïcité nécessite un détour à la fois historique, anthropologique et sociologique. Ainsi peuvent être montrées les tensions entre processus de laïcisation et de sécularisation et les formes historiques que prend la laïcité selon les sociétés. La clarification conceptuelle sort renforcée de l’approche comparative qui fait apparaître la laïcité sous des formes variées de mise en œuvre témoignant de réversibilités, de transferts et de transitions toujours inachevés.
La laïcité : du mot aux actes, les dangers de l'instrumentalisation
Authors: Ducomte Jean-Michel
Published: July 2013

L’émergence de la laïcité en France, conçue comme garantie de la liberté de conscience et d’exercice des cultes par des citoyens égaux en droit et en dignité, mais aussi comme démarche de neutralisation confessionnelle de l’État et des institutions publiques, est le produit d’un combat contre la prétention des Églises à régir les consciences et à soumettre les pouvoirs. Elle s’inscrit clairement dans une logique d’émancipation. L’apparition de nouveaux cultes, au premier rang desquels l’islam, a suscité le développement d’une laïcité d’interdiction défendue par des forces politiques attachées à une vision identitaire du pacte social.
La laïcité dans les institutions sanitaires, sociales et médicosociales ou La dialectique des droits de l'homme et du citoyen appliquée aux institutions
Authors: Sanchez Jésus
Published: July 2013

La laïcité est une valeur et un principe de la République souvent mal appréhendés par les institutions sociales et médicosociales, voire sanitaires. Comment concilier Liberté et Égalité, droits de l’homme et citoyenneté, sphère publique et sphère privée, lieux collectifs et privatifs ? Comment respecter la liberté de conscience et l’ordre public ? Comment gouverner les différences et respecter la communauté de destin au quotidien ?
Réaffirmation d'une laïcité en mouvement : une MECS s'interroge
Authors: Benarfa Ali
Published: July 2013

Le principe de laïcité est une création et une vision du monde qui inspirent grandeur, intelligence et humanisme. La laïcité est le dénominateur commun qui permet à chacun d’entre nous de pouvoir vivre ensemble dans le respect des religions et de ceux qui n’en ont pas. Elle est l’outil par lequel les différences entre les citoyens de notre république peuvent s’unir, pour échanger et partager afin de s’enrichir dans un respect mutuel.
Perception Versus Reality: A Comparative Study of the Clinical Judgment Skills of Nurses During a Simulated Activity
Authors: Fenske Cynthia L. , Harris Margaret A. , Aebersold Michelle L. , Hartman Laurie S.
Published: July 2013

Background:

This study was conducted to determine how closely nurses’ perceptions of their clinical judgment abilities matched their demonstrated clinical judgment skills during a simulation.

Methods:

Seventy-four registered nurses participated in a simulation using a video format. After the simulation, the nurses self-assessed their performance using the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric. This rubric was then used to rate the nurses’ actual performance in the simulation activity.

Results:

The study results showed a significant discrepancy between nurses’ perceptions of their own clinical judgment abilities and their demonstrated clinical judgment skills. Age and length of nursing experience enhanced the difference between the findings of self-assessment and actual performance.

Conclusion:

Younger nurses and those with 1 year or less of nursing experience were significantly more likely to have self-assessed their abilities at a much higher level compared with their actual skills.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(9):399–405.
Hemiarthroplasty for Head-split Fractures of the Proximal Humerus
Authors: Greiwe R. Michael , Vargas-Ariza Rodrigo , Bigliani Louis U. , Levine William N. , Ahmad Christopher S.
Published: July 2013

Hemiarthroplasty has been recommended for 3- and 4-part fractures of the proximal humerus. Outcomes are most affected by final implant and tuberosity position. Reports of outcome and management of head-split fractures with humeral head replacement are lacking. The purpose of this study was to report the outcomes after humeral head replacement and the radiographic characteristics identified in head-split fractures. Thirty-five hemiarthroplasties performed for the acute treatment of 3- and 4-part or head-split fractures were retrospectively reviewed in a blinded database. Thirty patients (8 head-split fractures) with a mean age of 67±12 years were followed for a mean of 52±32 months. Clinical, radiographic, and objective outcomes of the head-split fractures were collected at a minimum of 12 months’ follow-up and compared with a control group of 22 three- and 4-part fractures. Radiographs were reviewed to identify characteristic features of the head-split fractures. Head-split fractures demonstrated superior forward elevation (138°±50° vs 106°±54°) but similar American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (68±33 vs 63±29) and Simple Shoulder Test (7.4±4.8 vs 7.0±4.0) scores compared with the control group. The pelican sign, a radiographic representation of the tuberosity and attached articular surface, was identified on preoperative radiographs. Head-split fractures are rare and commonly missed on preoperative radiographs. The recognition of the pelican sign improves the detection of head-split fractures. After hemiarthroplasty, forward elevation is improved in patients with head-split fractures compared with other fracture types.
Accuracy of 3-D Planning and Navigation in Bone Tumor Resection
Authors: Ritacco Lucas E. , Milano Federico E. , Farfalli Germán L. , Ayerza Miguel A. , Muscolo D. Luis , Aponte-Tinao Luis A.
Published: July 2013

Surgical precision in oncologic surgery is essential to achieve adequate margins in bone tumor resections. Three-dimensional preoperative planning and bone tumor resection by navigation have been introduced to orthopedic oncology in recent years. However, the accuracy of preoperative planning and navigation is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of preoperative planning and the navigation system.

A total of 28 patients were evaluated between May 2010 and February 2011. Tumor locations were the femur (n=17), pelvis (n=6), sacrum (n=2), tibia (n=2), and humerus (n=1). All resections were planned in a virtual scenario using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging fusion. A total of 61 planes or osteotomies were performed to resect the tumors. Postoperatively, computed tomography scans were obtained for all surgical specimens, and the specimens were 3-dimensionally reconstructed from the scans. Differences were determined by finding the distances between the osteotomies virtually programmed and those performed. The global mean of the quantitative comparisons between the osteotomies programmed and those obtained through the resected specimen was 2.52±2.32 mm for all patients.

Differences between osteotomies virtually programmed and those achieved by navigation intraoperatively were minimal.
Common Tolerance Mechanisms, but Distinct Cross-Reactivities Associated with gp41 and Lipids, Limit Production of HIV-1 Broad Neutralizing Antibodies 2F5 and 4E10
Authors: Chen Yao , Zhang Jinsong , Hwang Kwan-Ki , Bouton-Verville Hilary , Xia Shi-Mao , Newman Amanda , Ouyang Ying-Bin , Haynes Barton F. , Verkoczy Laurent
Published: July 2013

Developing an HIV-1 vaccine has been hampered by the inability of immunogens to induce broadly neutralizing Abs (BnAbs) that protect against infection. Previously, we used knockin (KI) mice expressing a prototypical gp41-specific BnAb, 2F5, to demonstrate that immunological tolerance triggered by self-reactivity of the 2F5 H chain impedes BnAb induction. In this study, we generate KI models expressing H chains from two other HIV-1 Abs, 4E10 (another self-/polyreactive, anti-gp41 BnAb) and 48d (an anti-CD4 inducible, nonpolyreactive Ab), and find a similar developmental blockade consistent with central B cell deletion in 4E10, but not in 48d VH KI mice. Furthermore, in KI strains expressing the complete 2F5 and 4E10 Abs as BCRs, we find that residual splenic B cells arrest at distinct developmental stages, yet exhibit uniformly low BCR densities, elevated basal activation, and profoundly muted responses to BCR ligation and, when captured as hybridoma mAb lines, maintain their dual (gp41/lipid) affinities and capacities to neutralize HIV-1, establishing a key role for anergy in suppressing residual 2F5- or 4E10-expressing B cells. Importantly, serum IgGs from naive 2F5 and 4E10 KI strains selectively eliminate gp41 and lipid binding, respectively, suggesting B cells expressing 2F5 or 4E10 as BCRs exhibit specificity for a distinct spectrum of host Ags, including selective interactions by 2F5 BCR+ B cells (i.e., and not 4E10 BCR+ B cells) with those mimicked by its gp41 neutralization epitope.
Asymptotic Formulae for Linear Combinations of Generalized Sampling Operators
Authors: Bardaro Carlo , Mantellini Ilaria
Published: July 2013

We give some Voronovskaja formula for linear combinations of generalized sampling operators and we furnish also a quantitative version in terms of the classical Peetre

K

-functional. This provides a better order of approximation in the asymptotic formula. We apply the general theory to various kernels: Bochner-Riesz kernel, translates of B-splines and Jackson type kernel.
Regularizability of Ill-Posed Problems and the Modulus of Continuity
Authors: Boţ Radu Ioan , Hofmann Bernd , Mathé Peter
Published: July 2013

The regularization of linear ill-posed problems is based on their conditional well-posedness when restricting the problem to certain classes of solutions. Given such class one may consider several related real-valued functions, which measure the well-posedness of the problem on such class. Among those functions the modulus of continuity is best studied. For solution classes which enjoy the additional feature of being star-shaped at zero, the authors develop a series of results with focus on continuity properties of the modulus of continuity. In particular it is highlighted that the problem is conditionally well-posed if and only if the modulus of continuity is right-continuous at zero. Those results are then applied to smoothness classes in Hilbert space. This study concludes with a new perspective on a concavity problem for the modulus of continuity, recently addressed by two of the authors in [Trudy Inst. Mat. i Mekh. UrO RAN 18 (2012)(1), 34{41].
On a Singular Logistic Equation with the $p$-Laplacian
Authors: Hai Dang Dinh
Published: July 2013

We prove the existence and nonexistence of positive solutions for the boundary value problems

\left\{ \begin{alignedat}{2}
-\Delta _{p}u&= g(x,u)-\frac{h(x)}{u^{\alpha }}&\quad &\text{in }\Omega \\
u&= 0&&\text{on }\partial \Omega ,
\end{alignedat}\right.

where

\Delta _{p}u=\mathrm{div}(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u),p>1,\ \Omega

is a bounded domain in

\mathbb{R}^{n}

with smooth boundary

\partial \Omega

,

\alpha \in (0,1)

,

g:\Omega \times (0,\infty )\rightarrow \mathbb{R}

is possibly singular at

u=0

. An application to a singular logistic-like equation is given.
A Smooth Solution to a Linear System of Singular ODEs
Authors: Vainikko Gennadi
Published: July 2013

For a linear system of singular ordinary differential equations, necessary and suffcient conditions are established for the existence of a unique

C^m

-smooth solution. A reduction to cordial Volterra integral equations is used.
Approximation of H(div) with High-Order Optimal Finite Elements for Pyramids, Prisms and Hexahedra
Authors: Bergot Morgane , Duruflé Marc
Published: July 2013

Classical facet elements do not provide an optimal rate of convergence of the numerical solution toward the solution of the exact problem in H(div-norm for general unstructured meshes containing hexahedra and prisms. We propose two new families of high-order elements for hexahedra, triangular prisms and pyramids that recover the optimal convergence. These elements have compatible restrictions with each other, such that they can be used directly on general hybrid meshes. Moreover the H(div) proposed spaces are completing the De Rham diagram with optimal elements previously constructed for H1 and H(curl) approximation. The obtained pyramidal elements are compared theoretically and numerically with other elements of the literature. Eventually, numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the finite elements constructed.