bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stretched Thin: How a Misalignment Between Allocation and Valuation Underlies the Paradox of Diversity Achievement in Higher Education
Authors: Tian Tanya Y. , Smith Edward B.
Published: May 2024

Racial inequality is remarkably resilient in organizational and labor market contexts despite efforts to resolve it, which raises significant questions about the mechanisms underlying its persistence. We argue that organizational efforts that increase the inclusion of underrepresented racial groups in the short term may conceal an emergent mechanism that paradoxically results in exclusion over time. The emergent mechanism stems from an acute misalignment between the scope of allocation in the matching process and the scope of valuation in the evaluation process, which ultimately increases voluntary and involuntary turnover among underrepresented racial groups. We examine this paradox through a revelatory case in higher education. Drawing on comprehensive administrative and research performance data from a large (R1) U.S. public university, we find that Black assistant professors are significantly more likely than their White colleagues to be allocated to non-standard positions, i.e., formally appointed in two academic departments with shared compensation. Our results demonstrate that such non-standard appointments are associated with a significant decline in research productivity, which remains central during the evaluation process. The end result is that jointly appointed assistant professors—among whom Blacks are disproportionately represented—experience lower likelihoods of retention.
Relationship Between Coronary Artery Revascularization and Postoperative Delirium: Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Lu Nan , Chi Yunpeng , Liu Meiyan
Published: May 2024

Brain dysfunction resulting from damage to the heart-brain link leads to a decline in cognitive function. This, in turn, gives rise to the clinical symptom of perioperative delirium in patients undergoing coronary artery revascularization. Those affected are provided symptomatic treatment, but many do not recover fully. Thus, medium- and long-term mortality and adverse event rates remain relatively high in patients with perioperative delirium. Despite the relatively high incidence of perioperative delirium in patients undergoing coronary artery revascularization, it has not been systematically investigated. Inflammation, vascular damage, neuronal damage, and embolism are all involved in the injury process. Here, we discuss the incidence rate, pathological mechanisms, and prognosis of delirium after coronary artery revascularization. We also discuss in detail the risk factors for delirium after coronary artery revascularization, such as anxiety, depression, mode of operation, and drug use. We hope that prevention, early diagnosis, assessment, and potential treatment can be achieved by cardiologists to improve patient prognosis.
Pre-Operative Characteristics Helping to Avoid Gastrostomy Tube After Mandibular Distraction in Neonates With Pierre-Robin Sequence: A Institutional Case-Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Mace Emily L. , Krishnapura Shreyas G. , Golinko Michael , Phillips James D. , Belcher Ryan H.
Published: May 2024

Objective:

to investigate the ability of mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) to avoid gastrostomy tube (G-tube).

Data Sources:

PubMed, EBSCOhost, Cochrane, and Embase.

Review Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the number of MDO cases performed at our institution for patients with Robin Sequence (RS) over the past 10 years. In our institutional review, patients were excluded if they had a G-tube already placed at the time of surgery. We also performed a systematic review of the literature. Articles were excluded if they did not detail feeding outcomes after MDO, or if MDO was performed on patients that did not have RS.

Results:

In our systematic review, 12 articles were included that comprised a total of 209 neonates with RS that underwent MDO. A total of 174 (83.3%) patients avoided a G-tube once MDO was performed. A total of 14 patients met the inclusion criteria at our institution. Of the 14 RS patients, 9 (64%) avoided having a G-tube placed and all (14/14) avoided tracheostomy. The average birth weight of patients avoiding a G-tube was 3.11 kg compared to 2.25 kg ( P = .045) in the group requiring a G-tube. In the group avoiding a G-tube, the average weight at time of operation was 3.46 kg compared to 2.83 kg ( P = .037) in the group requiring a G-tube.

Conclusion:

MDO may be considered as a surgical option to prevent G-tube placement for neonates with non-syndromic RS who have difficulty with PO feeding but whose airway obstruction is not severe enough to require respiratory support. Based on our institutional experience, a minimum weight of 3.00 kg correlated with higher success rates of PO intake and avoiding a G-tube.
ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR prolonged grief symptoms and quality of life: A criterion validity test
Authors: Eisma Maarten C , Schmitt Lara O
Published: May 2024

Objective:

Two similar but distinct versions of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) have recently been included in the International Classification of Diseases eleventh edition (ICD-11) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – fifth edition, Text-Revision ( DSM-5-TR). This study provides a criterion validity test of both new criteria sets of PGD, by examining concurrent and longitudinal associations of ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR prolonged grief symptoms with quality of life (QOL).

Methods:

Bereaved adults completed a survey assessing ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR prolonged grief symptoms, depressive symptoms, insomnia symptoms and QOL at baseline and 6-month follow-up.

Results:

Both ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR prolonged grief symptoms related negatively to QOL concurrently, while controlling for insomnia and depressive symptoms. ICD-11 prolonged grief symptoms, but not DSM-5-TR prolonged grief symptoms, predicted QOL at 6-month follow-up, while controlling for baseline QOL and insomnia and depression symptoms.

Conclusions:

Results provide consistent evidence for the criterion validity of ICD-11 PGD, but mixed evidence for the criterion validity of DSM-5-TR PGD. Study results can help guide attempts to optimize and harmonize future PGD criteria.
Does Perceived Procedural Justice in Policing Predict Future Offending? Findings From a Sample of Justice-Involved Individuals
Authors: Liu Lin
Published: May 2024

Recent scholarship suggests attitudes toward the police and law are important facets of crime control efforts. Procedurally just policing is recognized as a predictor of citizens’ cooperation and confidence in the police, but it remains unclear whether it can also reduce criminal behavior. Using a sample of justice-involved individuals, this study examined whether procedurally just policing predicts future offending and, if so, whether its effect is due to perceived legitimacy of the law. Results showed that procedurally just policing was negatively associated with recidivism, and legitimacy of the law mediated this link. The results suggest that enhancing procedural justice in policing practice in at-risk communities should be considered a critical component of crime prevention.
Coloniality of Democracy and Algocracy in Africa:Vanhucracyas an Afrocentric Model for Politics
Authors: Nhemachena Artwell
Published: May 2024

Originating from a Greek goddess called Demokratia, democracy constitutes a coup de ‘tat against African spirituality and against Afrocentric politics. Subjected not only to the Greek goddess Demokratia but also to algocracy, corporatocracy, and technocracy, African politics has long ceased to be Afrocentric in the sense of serving the material interests of African people. Drawing on the Shona (a people of Zimbabwe) term vanhu (humans) to coin the word vanhucracy, and drawing on intensive literature review, this study argues that Western democracy is in fact colonial in the sense of it bypassing African material interests and in its privileging of liberal rights. In this regard, the study also frames the argument in terms of what it calls the coloniality of democracy which speaks to how Demokratia disrupts Afrocentric politics.
Examining Childhood Behavior Problems as Predictors of Alcohol Dependency in Emerging Adulthood: A Latent Class Analysis Approach
Authors: Wojciechowski Thomas
Published: May 2024

There is limited research on within-person clustering of early-life behavioral issues and risk for alcohol use issues. This study examined the relevance of childhood behavior problem clusters for predicting alcohol problems in emerging adulthood. This study examined full behavioral profiles as predictors of alcohol-related problems, rather than individual behaviors. The Pathways to Desistance dataset comprised of 1354 justice-involved youth followed across seven years post-adjudication collected from Maricopa County, Arizona and Philadelphia Pennsylvania were analyzed. Latent class analysis was used to identify clusters of childhood behavioral problems (cheating, disturbing class, getting drunk/stoned, stealing, fighting). Regression modeling was used to examine various alcohol use outcomes. Findings indicated that a three-class model best fit the data (Low; FDC; High). Assignment to the High class predicted greater social consequences of alcohol use, but this effect was only marginally significant. No significant effects were observed for either alcohol dependence measure.
Bridging the Divide: Exploring Nonprofits’ Perceptions of Cannabis Philanthropy in the Changing Legal Landscape of the United States
Authors: Berrett Jessica L. , Quintana Kate , Steefel Michaela
Published: May 2024

Cannabis dispensaries in the U.S. aim to contribute to communities through philanthropy, but some nonprofits hesitate to accept donations. This exploratory case study in Colorado investigates nonprofits’ perceptions of cannabis philanthropy by surveying 317 organizations. Despite cannabis being illegal federally but legal at the state level, most respondents viewed cannabis philanthropy positively. Of the respondents who had negative views, many believe their negative views would shift if cannabis were federally legalized. Furthermore, the majority do not consider funds derived from cannabis sales as “tainted” or coming from a morally questionable source. The findings shed light on the complexity of how cannabis philanthropy is perceived, informing how nonprofits can adapt proactively to evolving cannabis philanthropy dynamics, particularly considering potential shifts in federal law. Additionally, the study reveals a favorable environment for the cannabis industry to engage in philanthropy and partnerships with nonprofits, and the potential positive impacts of such activities.
Algorithmic Doors to Community and the Trap of Visibility: TikTok for Harm Reduction Activism in the U.S. Overdose Crisis
Authors: Schlosser Allison , Subramanian Roma , Kirkpatrick Ciera E. , Butler Annie , Boling Kelli S. , Hample Jessica , Habecker Patrick , Jones Valerie
Published: May 2024

Opioid-related overdose death continues to be a public health crisis in the United States, reaching a new peak in 2021 with more than 100,000 people dying of drug overdose; 75% of these deaths involved an opioid. Naloxone, often known by the brand name Narcan®, can be easily administered to prevent opioid overdose death. While naloxone is a central harm reduction tool, it has generated controversy as discussions of its use have been framed by longstanding stigmas associated with drug use. Critics have framed it as a “moral hazard” that encourages drug use, stigmatizing its distribution and uptake. Harm reductionists have responded by countering misinformation about drug use and harm reduction and humanizing people who use drugs. Social media platforms have become key sites for these debates. These are digital social spaces in which individuals may fuel stigma and/or build community with others by enacting identities, exchanging knowledge, and bonding over shared experiences. TikTok, a video-based platform, has become an active space for community-building around harm reduction. This article examines the experiences of people who post about naloxone on TikTok. We draw on thematic analyses of semistructured, open-ended interviews with 13 TikTok users who tagged posts with #naloxonesaveslives or #narcansaveslives hashtags from June 2020 to April 2023. Specifically, we explore how these individuals understand and leverage TikTok's association, creative, and interactive affordances as “doors” to build harm reduction community and to educate others about drug use and harm reduction. We also explore how they navigate the “traps” of visibility on TikTok that pose challenges to using the platform for harm reduction activism: stigma, burnout, mental distress, and digital silencing. Finally, we consider the implications of our findings for future research and practice related to digital harm reduction activism.
Teaching Family? Care/Work Policy in Selected Family Courses in Canada’s Research-Intensive Universities
Authors: Prentice Susan , McKay Lindsey , McKellep Trina
Published: May 2024

To what degree is explicit care/work policy taught in family courses in Canada’s leading research-intensive universities? We analyze family courses in sociology departments and in political studies and women’s/gender studies programs in Canada’s 15 R1 universities to make a contribution to the scholarship of teaching and learning. This national scan marks a methodological innovation from curriculum studies that generally adopt a single-program or single-site focus. From a Canadian universe of 74 family courses, we identify 15 whose formal course calendar description explicitly addresses care/work family policy (measures to reconcile caring for young children with employment, through early learning and childcare, parental leaves, and child benefits). Sociology predominates among courses where family policy is taught, yet care/work policy content is not common. Given growing concerns about the care crisis and the care deficit in Canada, the low profile of care/work family policy content in family courses is significant. This study sheds light on the value of national postsecondary education curricular reviews and suggests that family curriculum renewal is warranted.
From the Confessional Booth to Digital Enclosures: Absolution as Cultural Technique
Authors: Reeves Joshua , Stoneman Ethan
Published: May 2024

This article examines the confessional booth as an architected space that, by serving as a geo-epistemological enclosure, prefigures digital forms of data capture and production. In conversation with critical scholarship about ‘confessional culture,’ it analyzes how confessionals and digital enclosures embody different historical iterations of a cultural technique that promises absolution – understood as a cleansing process of transparent exposure. It argues that, with digital enclosures, the renunciative self-mortification that lies at the heart of classic Christian confession is reprogrammed into what Byung-Chul Han calls a ‘pornographic self-presentation.’ The self-death dealt by the confessional thus becomes an apparently voluntary self-exploitation for the social media subject. In both cases, however, absolution governs via rituals of cathartic transparency, submitting interiority to processes of legible exteriorization and articulating the subject via an exhibitive logic that blurs the boundaries between communicative freedom and compulsory self-exposure.
The role of serum lipid in predicting coronary artery lesions and intravenous immunoglobulin resistance in Kawasaki disease: a cohort study
Authors: Zhang Hongxi , Cai Jianghui , Zhang Rui , Shuai Shuping , Tang Mi , Ju Rong , Hu Ying , Zuo Tianrui , Yang Yanfeng
Published: May 2024

Objective

To assess the predictive value of the serum lipid profile for initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance and coronary artery lesions (CALs) in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with KD and divided them into IVIG-responsive and IVIG-resistant groups. They were also stratified based on the presence of CALs (CALs and non-CALs groups). Clinical, echocardiographic and biochemical values were evaluated. A subgroup analysis was performed on complete and incomplete KD. Predictors of initial IVIG resistance and CALs were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 649 KD patients were enrolled: 151 had CALs and 76 had initial IVIG resistance. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was significantly lower in the IVIG-resistant group than in the IVIG-responsive group. LDL-C and apolipoprotein (Apo) B were significantly lower in the CALs group compared with the non-CALs group. Multivariate logistic regression failed to identify the serum lipid profile (LDL-C, Apo A or Apo B) as an independent risk factor for initial IVIG resistance or CALs in KD patients.

Conclusion

KD patients might have dyslipidaemia in the acute phase, but the serum lipid profile might not be suitable as a single predictor for initial IVIG resistance or CALs.
Short beak and dwarfism syndrome among Pekin ducks: First detection, full genome sequencing, and immunohistochemical signals of novel goose parvovirus in tongue tissue
Authors: Eid Amal A. M. , Lebdah Mohamed A. , Helal Sarah S. , Seadawy Mohamed G. , El-Gohary Abdelgalil , Mousa Mohamed R. , El-Deeb Ayman H. , Mohamed Fakry F. , ElBakrey Reham M.
Published: May 2024

Novel goose parvovirus (NGPV) is continuously threatening the global duck industry, as it causes short beak and dwarfism syndrome among different duck breeds. In this study, we investigated the viral pathogenesis in the tongue of affected ducks, as a new approach for deeper understanding of the syndrome. Seventy-three, 14- to 60-day-old commercial Pekin ducks were clinically examined. Thirty tissue pools of intestine and tongue (15 per tissue) were submitted for molecular identification. Clinical signs in the examined ducks were suggestive of parvovirus infection. All examined ducks had short beaks. Necrotic, swollen, and congested protruding tongues were recorded in adult ducks (37/73, 51%). Tongue protrusion without any marked congestion or swelling was observed in 20-day-old ducklings (13/73, 18%), and no tongue protrusion was observed in 15-day-old ducklings (23/73, 32%). Microscopically, the protruding tongues of adult ducks showed necrosis of the superficial epithelial layer with vacuolar degeneration. Glossitis was present in the nonprotruding tongues of young ducks, which was characterized by multifocal lymphoplasmacytic aggregates and edema in the propria submucosa. Immunohistochemical examination displayed parvovirus immunolabeling, mainly in the tongue propria submucosa. Based on polymerase chain reaction, goose parvovirus was detected in 9 out of 15 tongue sample pools (60%). Next-generation sequencing confirmed the presence of a variant goose parvovirus that is globally named NGPV and closely related to Chinese NGPV isolates. Novel insights are being gained from the study of NGPV pathogenesis in the tongue based on molecular and immunohistochemical identification.
Effect of layup sequence on cure deformation and accurate prediction of composite pressure vessels
Authors: Liang Jianguo , Miao Chunxiang , Li Yinhui , Feng Jun , Wu Qi , Zhao Chunjiang , Jia Zhaotun , Yang Kun , Ning Zemin , Xue Yuqin
Published: May 2024

The application of composite winding pressure vessels is becoming more and more widespread, and the magnitude of deformation during curing can have a significant impact on service performance, but there are fewer studies on the accurate prediction of the numerical and experimental validation of the deformation during the curing process of pressure vessels. To accurately predict the effect of different angles of layup on the curing deformation of high-pressure hydrogen storage vessels made of T700S-12 K/4251A4B2 carbon fiber/epoxy composites in cylindrical and dome sections. In this paper, WCM-ABAQUS segmented pressure vessel accurate modeling method is proposed for the first time, using the method of converting the chemical shrinkage coefficient of epoxy resin into thermal expansion coefficient equivalently, the finite element prediction of the deformation of the pressure vessel during the curing process in different layup sequences was carried out, and the deformation values of the pressure vessel in different layup sequences were analyzed comparatively. Finally, the winding curing experiments were carried out on pressure vessels with different layup sequences, and the curing deformation values of the experimental tests on pressure vessels with different layup sequences were compared with the finite element simulation values, respectively, and the minimum error value 13.07%. It provides a reliable basis for accurately predicting the deformation value of the pressure vessel curing process, and also provides a reference for subsequent experiments to reduce the curing deformation value.
Fatigue life analysis of scraper conveyor chain ring under different chain speeds and loads
Authors: Zhang Peng , Li Bo , Ma Haozhou , Xia Rui , Dong Yingwei , Wang Xuewen
Published: May 2024

This study aims to explore how different chain speeds and loads impact the fatigue life of the scraper conveyor chain ring. To achieve this, the study validates the reliability of a coupled simulation involving multi-body dynamics and the discrete element method. It also acquires time-varying tension load spectra under various operational conditions. The research evaluates the effects of distinct chain speeds and loads on parameters such as chain tension, vibration acceleration in the Y and Z-directions of the chain ring. Furthermore, finite element simulation is employed to examine stress distribution changes and fatigue life trends within the three-chain ring structure. The findings demonstrate that Y and Z-direction vibration accelerations of the chain ring correlate positively with the load. Additionally, the vibration acceleration in the Y-direction correlates positively with the chain speed. Across different chain speeds and loads, the maximum equivalent stress in the chain ring exhibits dynamic variations mirroring the load spectrum. Within the elastic deformation range of the chain ring, the highest stress within the transition region correlates linearly with chain tension. Load has a greater effect on the fatigue life of chain rings than chain speed. The fatigue life within the transition region of the chain ring decreases exponentially with increasing load at a constant chain speed. Conversely, at a constant load, chain ring life correlates positively with chain speed. Specifically, the fatigue life of the chain ring in LS 22 amounts to 32.64 days. When both chain speed and load are adjusted by 25%, the chain ring's lifespan reduces by 51.66% during simultaneous increments and increases by 39.26% with concurrent reductions in speed and load.
The Prevalence of Anemia Among Vietnamese Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chi Vu Thi Quynh , Duc Tran Quang
Published: May 2024

While anemia constitutes a prevalent health issue among children in Vietnam, comprehensive aggregate data remain scarce. Consequently, the objective of this meta-analysis is to establish the pooled prevalence of anemia in the pediatric population of Vietnam. A comprehensive systematic search of existing prevalence studies was conducted up until June 2022, encompassing databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, as well as reference list analysis. Pooled prevalence estimates, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated using a random-effects model. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger regression test and funnel plot inspection. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify potential variations in anemia prevalence across study groups. The pooled prevalence estimate for anemia among children under 10-year-olds amounted to 35.5% (95% CI = [23.9, 49.1]). Notably, gender-specific analyses unveiled distinct prevalence rates, with 37.8% among males and 33.4% among females. Furthermore, variations in anemia prevalence among Vietnamese children were evident across different demographic strata, encompassing gender, age groups, and rural or poor rural residency. The calculated pooled prevalence of anemia among children in Vietnam revealed a significant burden. Addressing this issue necessitates targeted interventions within specific regions and the implementation of government policies aligned with global targets for the eradication of childhood anemia.
Safety and Efficacy of Early SGLT2 Inhibitors Initiation in Diabetic Patients Following Acute Myocardial Infarction, a Retrospective Study
Authors: Moady Gassan , Yakubovich Igor , Atar Shaul
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Sodium-glucose cotransporter- 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have become a cornerstone in heart failure (HF), Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) management. In the current retrospective study, we aimed to assess efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors early following acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods

Patients with T2DM hospitalized for AMI in 2017-2020 were divided according to SGLT2 inhibitors therapy status on discharge (with vs without therapy). Primary outcome was defined as a composite of hospitalizations for HF, recurrent AMI, and cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Secondary outcomes included hospitalizations for any cause, total cumulative number of hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality.

Results

A total of 69 patients (mean age 59.2 ± 8.2 years) with AMI discharged with SGLT2 inhibitors were compared to 253 patients (mean age 62.5 ± 9.8) with no SGLT2 inhibitors. During the first year post-AMI, 4 (5.8%) patients in the treatment group and 16 (6.3%) in the control group were hospitalized for CV events (p = 1.0). Patients in the SGLT2 inhibitors group had lower rates of hospitalization for any cause (31.9% vs 47.8%, P = 0.02), with no change in mortality (0% vs 3.6%, P = 0.21). After multivariate regression analysis, only female gender was associated with increased risk for readmission, mainly due to urinary tract infections. No events of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or limb amputation were reported.

Conclusions

We found that early initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors in T2DM patients following AMI is safe and decreases the risk of hospitalization for any cause.
Women's Experiences of Sexual Harassment in Online Gaming
Authors: Zhou Yiyao , Peterson Zoë D.
Published: May 2024

To better understand the types of sexual harassment women experience in online gaming, their labeling of such experiences, and the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim, we surveyed women gamers to inquire about their experiences. Participants were 182 women from North America who played online video games. Overall, 56.6% of participants reported experiencing one or more types of sexual harassment during online gaming. Additionally, 45.6% of participants reported witnessing one or more types of sexual harassment perpetrated against other women. About half (50.5%) of participants who had experienced harassment labeled their own experiences as “sexual harassment,” and 42.2% labeled the behaviors that they witnessed against someone else as “sexual harassment.” Results speak to the need for prevention interventions to protect women gamers.
Estimating the Negative Credit Impacts of Police-involved Fatalities
Authors: Guzman Tatyana , Clark Benjamin Y.
Published: May 2024

George Floyd's killing in Minneapolis spotlighted the role of police-involved fatalities that cause immeasurable harm to victims’ families and communities, weaken public trust in government and may lead to civil unrest. Police-involved fatalities place a financial burden on the cities, given the size of awards to victims’ families and the cost of implementing consent decrees. By quantifying the impact of fatal encounters on city credit rating, this study offers evidence for policymakers to make informed decisions regarding policing practices in their cities. Credit ratings incorporate third-party perceptions of local governments’ fiscal, economic, demographic, and political performance. The credit rating agency Moody's has noted “the potential financial impact of ongoing litigation costs” surrounding police-involved fatalities as a driver of downgrading ratings. Our article examines the impact of fatal encounters on the creditworthiness of the 150 largest US cities from 2000 to 2019. We observe a consistent negative correlation between police-involved fatalities and credit ratings among all the model estimates. These correlations remain statistically significant over time. We also estimate that the larger the share of non-white victims of police violence, the lower the cities’ credit ratings are.
Chance or challenge? Understanding how the Internet affects the nexus between tourism and urban-rural income inequality
Authors: Shu Haoyu , Zha Jianping , Ma Rong , Yan Minqing
Published: May 2024

The nexus between tourism and income inequality has received much attention but no consensus emerged. It is of interest to explore how this nexus is affected by the important external condition of the Internet. This study examines the spatial threshold effect of the Internet on the nexus between tourism and urban-rural income inequality by developing a spatial threshold model. Using panel data for 280 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2019, the results show that the impact of the Internet is characterised by clear spatial thresholds, and the local and spatial spillover effects of tourism on urban-rural income inequality vary under different regimes of Internet development. Further, by differentiating the Internet’s functions, the inequality-reducing effect of tourism in local and surrounding cities has strengthened significantly as cities’ Internet penetration improves; meanwhile, this effect has increased first and then decreased as cities’ online market penetration deepens, with a relative optimal interval.
How does network infrastructure construction affect household tourism expenditures? An empirical analysis from rural China
Authors: Lu Di , Gao Hongxia , Wang Yonglian , Su Peng
Published: May 2024

The impact of tourist source region’s network infrastructure in developing countries on household tourism expenditures remains inadequately understood. This study helps fill that gap by using the “Broadband China” strategy as a quasi-natural experiment, exploring the mechanisms by which the construction of network infrastructure impacts rural household tourism expenditures in China. Using the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data from 2014 through 2018, we found that the Broadband China strategy has made a positive contribution to rural household tourism expenditures, especially in the rural areas of central and northeastern China. In addition, we recognized that the broadening of information channels and the provision of convenient transactions are possible mechanisms of influence, with the expansion of information channels through digital networks having an especially pronounced impact. Our research results emphasize the importance of developing network infrastructure and promoting digital literacy in developing regions, in an effort to stimulate tourism demand.
Despite good intentions: The elusiveness of social justice in health and physical education curricula across different contexts
Authors: Gerdin Göran , Lundin Katarina , Philpot Rod , Berg Ellen , Mooney Amanda , Kitching Ansie , Alfrey Laura , Schenker Katarina , Linnér Susanne
Published: May 2024

This paper draws on critical discourse analysis to examine how health and physical education (HPE) curricula from Sweden, Norway, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand may influence possibilities for the enactment of social justice in schools. The findings highlight the presence of social justice intentions across the five curricula as related to embodied movement experiences, social cohesion, and activism. That said, the findings simultaneously suggest that the language used to orient teaching towards social justice objectives is often elusive. In this paper, we contend that despite the presence of social justice intentions in these five HPE curricula, the articulation and function of the language within the curriculum documents do not necessarily support the enactment of this in practice. To conclude, we therefore suggest that more work is needed to ensure that curricula and other supporting artefacts and resources can better support both teachers’ practice and students’ learning in raising awareness of, and addressing, social justice outcomes in HPE.
At the crossroads: photography, ecology and heritage in Istanbul
Authors: Golonu Berin
Published: May 2024

This article looks at three contemporary photo-based projects that reference Istanbul’s visual histories and document its endangered ecologies. These works take a critical approach to cultural heritage practices in contrast to official discourses that serve state power or justify capital accumulation. Osman Bozkurt’s Scenes, Ali Taptık’s Topographic Nostalgia, and Cemre Yeşil and Maria Sturm’s For Birds’ Sake focus on the relationships between the human and non-human elements of urban geographies. Their projects conceive of heritage as a practice that combines ecological concerns with preserving the cultural remnants of the urban past. Whether critiquing the aesthetic conventions of the picturesque, evoking an affective engagement with the viewer, or conjuring memories of displaced populations, these artists explore different visual approaches to embodying and remembering urban space and place. Taking a cue from their works, this article contemplates the possibility of envisioning heritage futures that can protect Istanbul’s biodiversity while being inclusive of cultural difference.
Distinguishing Urgent From Non-urgent Communications: A Mixed Methods Study of Communication Technology Use in Perinatal Care
Authors: Wilson Laura , Stuebe Alison M. , Pearsall Marina , Mansour Megan , Tully Kristin Patricia , Garvin Jennifer H. , Jones Kevin , Patterson Emily S.
Published: May 2024

Distinguishing urgent from non-urgent communication is critical. We aimed to understand how hospital staff choose what communication technologies to use. A mixed methods study was conducted with four focus groups, with staff working on postpartum care units, and log data from a hands-free communication system was analyzed. We found that urgent communications were appropriate for the hands-free device, with less urgent communications sent through secure chat in the electronic health record. Exceptions included when the intended recipient was in the operating room and during sensitive discussions. The most common duration of calls on the hands-free device was 16–60 seconds, with few more than 5 minutes. The most frequent reason for incomplete calls was the user not logging in (36%), which could be reduced by eliminating logging in and training. We recommend an interruptive communication technology for urgent information and an electronic health record chat for less urgent information that does not require an immediate response. We recommend forwarding and sending calls to a hospital-provided cellphone from the hands-free communication system for provider roles that do not align with the intended workflow for hands-free communications.
‘I don’t want them to see me like that’: Negotiating Motherhood Through Prison Visitation
Authors: Umeh Zimife
Published: May 2024

Scholars have highlighted the significant challenges faced by system-involved mothers in adhering to dominant motherhood ideologies. However, a research gap persists regarding the decision-making process of incarcerated mothers concerning child visitation. This study delves into the intricate dynamics of mothers’ decision-making surrounding visitation, shedding light on the interplay between maternal identity, prison environments, and societal norms of motherhood. Through qualitative interviews with forty formerly incarcerated mothers, the study reveals a spectrum of strategies employed by mothers to uphold their maternal identities, including navigating stigma, shielding their children from perceived risks, and engaging in self-sacrificial behaviors in line with societal expectations.
Effect of pulsed radiofrequency to the suprascapular nerve (SSN) in treating frozen shoulder pain: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Abo Elfadl Ghada Mohammad , Osman Ayman Mamdouh , Elmasry Yasmeen Alaa-Eldeen , Abdelraheem Sherif Sayed , Hassanien Manal
Published: May 2024

Background:

Treatment for frozen shoulder (FS) focuses on pain control and restoring movement and strength through physical therapy. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) lesioning of the suprascapular nerve for the treatment of FS pain.

Methods:

Forty patients with FS were enrolled and randomly assigned into the intervention group (n = 20) that received PRF and a control group (n = 20) which received medical treatment (NSAIDs). Patients were followed-up for a total of three months. The primary outcome was the pain intensity, measured by the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS). The secondary outcomes included shoulder range of motion (ROM) evaluation measured by simple shoulder test (SST); Likert-type-based patient satisfaction scale; and any adverse events (AEs) throughout the treatment period. All results were measured at baseline, at the end of one week, four weeks and 12 weeks after treatment.

Results:

At 12 weeks post-procedure, the intervention group significantly improved their pain (NRS dropped to 2.80 ± 0.5) and there was significant improvement in range of motion (SST from 6.55% ± 2.0% to 76.50% ± 6.5) compared to control group.

Conclusions:

PRF lesioning of the SSN is a fast and effective modality in treating frozen shoulder pain and improving ROM for three months.
Regulatory lag, efficiency, and performance. Lessons from a case study
Authors: Ceballos Ferroglio Carlos F. , Ferro Gustavo , Neder Ángel Enrique
Published: May 2024

Our main contribution is to identify the risks implied by the existence of prolonged regulatory lags. We hypothesize that a likely first response is to reduce OPEX, increasing efficiency. If the lag persists for enough time, a vicious circle of inefficiency, disinvestment, and reduced performance can follow. We use a regulatory episode affecting natural gas distributors in Argentina as a natural experiment, controlling with other Latin American countries’ utilities not exposed to the same regulatory stimuli. We evaluate the relative efficiency of fourteen firms for five countries, in seven years, using Stochastic Frontiers Analysis (SFA). Thus, we perform a regulatory impact analysis (RIA) to assess the consequences on the performance of two idiosyncratic regulatory policy instruments applied in the distribution gas industry in Argentina in the 1998–2021 period (the 2002 Public Emergency Law and the 2016 Integral Tariff Review).
An invasive nasopharyngeal carcinoma with extension to the pituitary gland mimicking an invasive pituitary macroadenoma: A case report
Authors: Ghram Lina , Oueslati Ibtissem , Terzi Ameni , Zehani Alia , Grassa Anis , Yazidi Meriem , Chihaoui Melika
Published: May 2024

Herein, we report a rare case of invasive nasopharyngeal carcinoma with extension to the pituitary gland misdiagnosed as a pituitary macroadenoma. A 50-year-old woman was referred to our department with a diagnosis of pituitary macroadenoma. She presented with headache, visual disturbances, weakness, nausea, vomiting, and hypoglycemia. Polyuria was not reported. On pituitary magnetic resonance imaging, a large mass was observed to extend from the sella turcica to the sphenoid sinus, optic chiasm, and nasopharynx, leading to the initial diagnosis of an invasive pituitary macroadenoma. Biochemical investigations revealed corticotropin deficiency, secondary hypothyroidism, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and moderate hyperprolactinemia. Hormone replacement therapy was initiated. After hydrocortisone initiation, diabetes insipidus was revealed. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging showed an infiltration of the nasopharynx with an extension to the pituitary gland. An endoscopic biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The patient was referred to the oncology department for chemo and radiotherapy. Invasive nasopharyngeal carcinoma presenting with pituitary extension is very rare. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pituitary macroadenoma with hypopituitarism. Proper management of such cases requires a multidisciplinary approach.
Analysis of Hip Preservation Questions on the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination Over the Past 20 Years
Authors: Lee Eric , O’Sullivan Lucy , Spiker Andrea M.
Published: May 2024

Background:

The orthopaedic in-training examination (OITE) is a 275-question test for orthopaedic residents administered annually. As the field of orthopaedics changes, the OITE evolves its content. The incidence of hip preservation–related procedures has increased substantially over the past decade; nonetheless, an analysis of the trends of hip preservation questions on the OITE has not yet been performed.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the number and type of questions on the OITE related to hip preservation to determine whether trends over time paralleled the increases in hip-related care in clinical practice. It was hypothesized that the frequency of hip preservation questions on the OITE would increase with time.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

Each OITE between 2002 and 2021 was reviewed for questions related to hip preservation. The types of questions included under “hip preservation” were those related to femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), athletic soft tissue injuries of the hip, acetabular labral tears, hip arthroscopy, and surgical management of adult hip dysplasia—excluding arthroplasty. Questions were quantified and categorized by topic, taxonomy level, associated imaging, and cited sources.

Results:

There were 30 hip preservation–related questions between 2002 and 2021. Of these, 77% occurred within the past 10 years. Also, 14 questions (47%) had associated images in the question stem—the most common being radiographs (n = 8 questions). The most commonly tested subcategories were FAI (n = 11 questions [37%]), athletic injuries (n = 7 questions [23%]), and anatomy (n = 7 questions [23%]). Over the last 10 years, 97.9% of citations were from journal articles—the most common being the Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research, and the American Journal of Sports Medicine.

Conclusion:

The frequency of hip preservation–related questions on the OITE has increased with time, reflecting trends in clinical practice.
Serum Albumin as Prognostic Marker for Older Adults in Hospital and Community Settings
Authors: Riviati Nur , Legiran  , Indrajaya Taufik , Saleh Irsan , Ali Zulkhair , Irfannuddin  , Probosuseno  , Indra Bima
Published: May 2024

Serum albumin, known for its multifaceted role in health, is hypothesized to serve as a prognostic marker for older adults, both in hospital and community settings. Nine studies were included in the review, revealing consistent associations between low serum albumin levels and increased mortality risk in hospitalized older individuals. In community settings, low serum albumin levels were linked to higher mortality rates compared to those with normal levels. The synthesis of evidence underscores the potential of serum albumin as a prognostic marker for older adults, offering valuable insights for risk stratification and targeted interventions. While robust evidence supports its utility in hospital settings, further research is warranted in community settings to address current limitations and enhance the applicability of serum albumin as a prognostic tool. This review merges existing knowledge of the prognostic significance of serum albumin in older adults across hospital and community settings. The findings emphasize the importance of serum albumin as a potential prognostic marker, urging continued research efforts to refine its application in diverse healthcare contexts and improve outcomes for the aging population.
Open Access Publication in Total Ankle Arthroplasty Literature Is Associated With Increased Social Media Attention, but Not Increased Citations
Authors: Gray Trayce , Harris Andrew B. , Patel Rahi , Oni Julius , Aiyer Amiethab
Published: May 2024

Background:

Open access (OA) publications are increasingly common in orthopaedic literature. However, whether OA publications are associated with increased readership or citations among total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) literature is unclear. We hypothesize that compared with non-OA status, OA status is associated with increased social media dissemination, and readership, but not with citation count. This study aimed to analyze social media attention, citations, readership, and cost of TAA OA and non-OA publications.

Methods:

Using a PubMed query search, there were 368 publications from 81 journals, with 25% (91/368) being OA articles and 75% (277/368) non-OA articles from 2016 to 2023. We analyzed the Altmetric Attention Score (AAS), Mendeley readership score, and citations between OA vs non-OA articles. Citations and cost of OA articles were determined using an altered timeline and publisher’s website, respectively. Subgroup analysis was performed among articles published in the top 5 TAA journals (Tables 2 and 3). Negative binomial regression was used while adjusting for days since publication. Significance was considered at P <.05.

Results:

OA publication was associated with a larger mean AAS score (8.7 ± 37.0 vs 4.8 ± 26.3), Mendeley readership (42.4 ± 41.6 vs 34.9 ± 25.7), and Twitter mentions (4.6 ± 7.4 vs 3.3 ± 8.1), but not citations (19.7 ± 24.8 vs 20.3 ± 23.5) (Table 1).

Conclusion:

TAA OA publications and top 5 journals were associated with significantly increased social media attention but not Mendeley readership or citation counts.
Whole-Genome Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing Reveals Shifts in the Skin Microbiome and Bacteriophages of Psoriasis: An Extended Analysis of Published Data
Authors: Nong Yvonne , Walsh Dana M. , Maloh Jessica , Dadlani Manoj , Sivamani Raja
Published: May 2024

Background

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated cutaneous disease that may have shifts in the skin microbiome. Prior research on the skin microbiome in psoriasis has been limited to rRNA based approaches that lack resolution of taxonomic and functional level assessment.

Objective

To further illuminate strain and sub-strain level analysis of psoriatic lesions using the CosmosID-HUB Microbiome pipeline.

Methods

A previous study completed by Tett et al recruited patients with psoriasis who had skin microbiome samples taken from psoriatic plaques on the ear and the elbow as well as sites on the skin unaffected by psoriasis. They performed whole genome shotgun sequencing and made their dataset publicly available. We analyzed the dataset using the CosmosID-HUB Microbiome pipeline to evaluate the strain and sub-strain taxonomic analysis as well as functional gene profiling.

Results

When analyzed with the CosmosID pipeline, both ear and elbow sites in affected areas had decreased alpha diversity compared to unaffected areas. There was an increased relative abundance of Staphylococcus and Corynebacteria at affected sites. We identified distinguishing species and strains of the yeast Malassezia, including M. restricta. that were significantly enriched in healthy elbow samples. Vitamin B12 production genes were not present in psoriatic skin whereas it was present in healthy samples, supporting the notion of relative vitamin B12 deficiency in psoriatic plaques. Phage analysis revealed a greater diversity of Staphylococcus-related phages in unaffected elbow samples.

Conclusion

A greater diversity of microbial strains and their functional roles identified in this study may help to tailor treatment for psoriasis.