bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-Reasoning With the Significant Other(s): How Childless Older Adults in Rural China Make Residential Decisions
Authors: Chen Hongzhou , Lou Vivian W. Q.
Published: October 2022

Applying the concept of residential co-reasoning, this research explored the role of the next of kin in the residential decision-making of childless older adults in rural China. We examined research questions regarding who, if anyone, had been the significant other(s) during the residential decision-making, and how they conducted the co-reasoning process. A constructivist grounded theory approach was applied, with 27 childless older adults being interviewed. We found that participants tended to choose to age in place if they had a continuous, reliable, and trustworthy relationship with certain members of next of kin, which they referred to as “I have someone at home.” Acquiring care from kin was an ongoing negotiation process. Participants applied three types of negotiations: exchanging properties for care from kin; maintaining relational intimacy with kin; and counting on the filial obligation of kin. Otherwise, if care from kin was unavailable, participants tended to relocate to rural institutions.
What determines online rumour sharing on COVID-19? A stimulus–response framework
Authors: Guo Feng , Zhou Apan , Luo Peng
Published: October 2022

Based on the stimulus–response framework, this study examines the external environmental stimuli influencing online rumour sharing about COVID-19 and considers the contingent effect of fear. A large-scale online survey was used to test the proposed research model and hypotheses. The final data set comprised 2807 valid responses. The results indicate that perceptions of community safety and infection risk negatively affect online rumour sharing, while social influence positively affects online rumour sharing. Fear weakens the negative effects of community safety on online rumour sharing but strengthens the positive effect of social influence on online rumour sharing. This study provides a comprehensive analysis by applying the stimulus–response framework to explore the underlying drivers of online rumour sharing with regard to COVID-19 and the moderating effects of fear in the Chinese context.
The Eads earthwork: Implications for Hopewell ceremonialism
Authors: Tankersley Kenneth Barnett , Meyers Stephanie A , Albalushi Shahad Mohammed , Alhabsi Shaima Saif Salim , Bowers Paris Shea , Burton Isabella L , Loukinas Austin Clay Matthew , Ward Samantha Leigh , Chaney Sean
Published: October 2022

Eads (33Ct750) is a recently discovered Hopewell hilltop earthwork, which encloses ∼10 ha above the Bares Run-O’Bannon Creek-Little Miami River confluence area. Eads falls within the interquartile size range of other Ohio Hopewell earthworks. Like the nearby Foster's enclosure, Eads is a sub-meter earthwork with a single pronounced east-to-west berm, > 70.0 m in length and > 5.0 m in height. The peak of promontory aligns with the center of the Goodnough-Brock mound (33Ct751) at a compass direction of 300o, the summer solstice sunset azimuth for the Middle Woodland cultural period. The archeoastronomy alignment and artifacts recovered from a pedestrian survey and test excavations suggest that the Eads hilltop earthwork was designed, built, and used for ceremonial purposes.
Students’ experiences of their agency in whole-class playing
Authors: Stolp Eveliina , Moate Josephine , Saarikallio Suvi , Pakarinen Eija , Lerkkanen Marja-Kristiina
Published: October 2022

The agency of primary school students has been studied increasingly in recent years; yet, we know relatively little about student agency in music educational settings or how students experience their participation in joint musical action. This study explores sixth-grade students’ experiences of their agency in whole-class playing. Qualitative content analysis of 11 pair interviews identified vulnerability as an essential element of participating in whole-class playing, highlighting the intrinsically emotional nature of the process, the immediacy of the musically shared moment and the safe place of entrainment. This study elucidates the enactment of agency and the resources facilitating and limiting agency within the context of whole-class playing from the perspective of students themselves.
Magnitude and predictors of malnutrition among internally displaced persons’ children 6 – 59 months in Bamenda Health District of Cameroon: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Akeh Mbah Larissa , Tendongfor Nicholas , Nchung Ashu Julie , Chipili Given , Mbhenyane Xikombiso , Tambe Ayuk Betrand
Published: October 2022

Background: A major cause of morbidity and mortality amongst children in displaced settings is malnutrition. Approximately, 45% of deaths are linked to undernutrition among children under 5 years of age. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of malnutrition among internally displaced (IDP) children from 6 to 59 months. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was conducted from May to June 2021. A multistage cluster sampling method was used to select mothers/caregivers and administer a structured questionnaire that consisted of three sections: sociodemographic and environmental characteristics, health-related factors and anthropometric measurements) was used to collect data. Data were analysed using SPSS version 27.0. Bivariate analysis was done at p < 0.20 and logistic regression at a 5% level of significance. Results: Overall, 395 children were enrolled with a mean age of 31.4  ±  9.1 months and 59.0% were males. Findings revealed that 52% of children were malnourished; stunted (22.1%), wasted (4.8%), underweight (6.3%) and overweight (35.4%). Independent predictors of overall malnutrition were the age of the mothers/caregivers (AOR: 8.0, 95% CI: 2.0 – 32.1), children who had not taken all their vaccines (AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.4 –3.8), children not dewormed (AOR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.3–6.3), Children not exclusively breastfed (AOR  =  3.3, 95% CI: 1.1–9.6). Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition was high among children living in internally displaced households. Thus, there is a need for vaccination and deworming campaigns, and nutritional and educational intervention programmes to improve both forms of malnutrition: undernutrition and over-nutrition.
Evaluating validity and reliability of the Arabic-version low-vision quality-of-life questionnaire
Authors: Alsaqr Ali Mazyed , Alribai Saleh Ali , Almutiri Khaled Humod , Almutleb Esam Saad , Abusharha Ali Ahmad
Published: October 2022

Low-vision quality-of-life questionnaire (LVQOL) has not been developed in the Arabic language, and none has been translated into Arabic. This study would demonstrate the effectiveness of the translated questionnaire. The English LVQOL was translated into Arabic (ARB-LVQOL) through five stages. A total of 52 low vision and 30 normally sighted individuals participated in this study. The internal consistency reliability, item-total correlation reliability, construct validity, convergent validity, discriminative validity, and respondent burden of the ARB-LVQOL were calculated. The translation team recommended that the ARB-LVQOL replicated the meaning of the LVQOL. The cultural differences were also noted during the translation process. Cronbach’s coefficient was α = 0.90 in both low vision (LV) and simulated groups. The item-total correlation ranged from 0.50 to 0.70 in both groups. The intra-class correlation coefficient indicated good test–retest reliability (LV group, ranged 0.82–0.93; control group ranged 0.83–0.94). The factor analysis, using varimax rotation, of the ARB-VQOL identified seven factors. A moderate to a strong relationship between the score of each domain with the total index score was observed, indicating an adequate convergent validity. The ARB-LVQOL discriminated between normally sighted and simulated low-vision participants and also to some extent between the simulated and real low-vision individuals. The respondent burden was less than 15 min in most responses. The ARB-LVQOL was found to relate well with patients’ visual functions and some patients’ characteristics, providing further evidence of the validity of ARB-LVQOL. The ARB-LVQOL showed psychometric properties analogous to the English version. The ARB-LVQOL could be used in clinical settings and research in adults with low vision in Arabic populations.
Physiotherapy for patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support: How, When, and Who. An international EuroELSO survey
Authors: Polastri Massimiliano , Eden Allaina , Loforte Antonio , Dell’Amore Andrea , Antonini Marta Velia , Riera Jordi , Barrett Nicholas A , Swol Justyna
Published: October 2022

Background and purpose

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) continues to play an essential role in organ support in cardiogenic shock or acute respiratory distress syndrome and bridging to transplantation. The main purpose of the present survey was to define which clinical and organizational practices are adopted for the administration of physiotherapy in adult patients undergoing ECMO support worldwide.

Methods

This international survey was conceived in November 2021. The survey launch was announced at the 10th EuroELSO (European ELSO chapter) Congress, London, May 2022.

Results

The survey returned 32 questionnaires from 29 centers across 14 countries. 17 centers (53.1%) had more than 30 intensive care unit beds available and most (46.8%) were able to care for five to 10 patients on extracorporeal life support simultaneously. The predominant physiotherapist-to-patient ratio was 1:>5 (37.5%); physiotherapy was available 5/7 days and 7/7 days by 31.2% and 25% respectively. Respiratory physiotherapy was not defined by a specific protocol in most centers (46.8%) while 31.2% declared that the treatment commences less than 12 h after sedation is stopped/reduced. Mostly, early physiotherapy in non-cooperative ventilated patients was provided within the first 48 h (68.6%) and consisted of as passive range of motion, in-bed positioning, and splinting. Postural passages and sitting were provided to patients and walking was included in those advanced motor activities which are part of the treatment.

Conclusion

Physiotherapy in patients on ECLS is feasible, however substantial variability exists between centers with a trend of delivering not protocolized and understaffed rehabilitation practices.
‘I left feeling different about myself’: What students learn on their first practice placement
Authors: Grant Terri , Gossman Peter , Thomas Yvonne , Berragan Liz , Frank Helen
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

With the inclusion of 40 hours of simulated practice education for UK occupational therapy students and the subsequent impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, universities have been exploring simulated placement opportunities. However, the evidence available to guide the development of such placements is sparse. This article presents the first stage of a grounded theory study that seeks to understand what students learn during the course of their first practice placement, with the intention of informing simulated placement development.

Method:

Grounded theory methodology was used to guide semi-structured individual interviews with 15 participants – seven undergraduate students, three practice educators and five postgraduate pre-registration students. Interviews occurred close to the end of the first practice placement. Concurrent data collection and analysis led to the development of categories of learning.

Findings:

Four core categories of learning were identified: learning about oneself, learning about the occupational therapy profession, learning about practices and learning about service users.

Conclusion:

Understanding of these four categories of learning may enable educators to consider learning which occurs that may not be anticipated, particularly in regard to personal development. This can enable educators to consider how learning can be targeted within simulation for an authentic simulated placement.
Engaging with nature and the outdoors: A scoping review of therapeutic applications in contemporary occupational therapy
Authors: Firby Heather , Raine Rosi
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Engagement with the natural outdoors is recommended for public health and wellbeing. Occupational therapists are well-placed to promote these therapeutic benefits, yet limited evidence exists of the scope of such applications.

Methods:

A scoping review was conducted informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute framework. A systematic search was undertaken across five databases, and 64 sources were included following screening. Data were extracted using deductive content analysis, and themes identified through thematic analysis.

Findings:

Three themes were identified: occupation-based applications; occupation-focused applications; and occupational therapy’s contribution. Whilst current applications were evident, most literature explored potential or emerging practice. Outdoor engagement was found to be a complex, therapeutic occupation with the potential to promote mental health and restoration; quality of life and wellbeing; and healthy lifestyles through connection to nature; others; and self .

Conclusion:

Occupational therapists enable outdoor engagement through occupation-focused and occupation-based interventions across a range of practice contexts. Occupational science may offer a valuable contribution to the evidence base, through considering being in nature as a meaningful occupation and outdoor accessibility as a matter of occupational justice. However, evidence of current practice is limited. Further research is recommended to strengthen the evidence-base and inform routine consideration within practice.
Comparison of the outcome of trans-ureteral lithotripsy for uncomplicated ureteral stones with or without safety guidewire: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hamid Pakmanesh , Reza Mohamadi , Ali Kamalati , Azar Danesh Pajoh , Reza Behzadi
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Using a safety wire during trans-ureteral lithotripsy (TUL) might minimize ureteral injuries. Conversely, others suggest safety wire itself may increase the risk of ureteral injuries that its routine use is not mandatory in all cases. This randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the outcome of TUL in the presence or absence of a safety guidewire.

Methods:

This randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients referred to our center with a ureteral stone less than 1.5 cm; candidate for TUL after not passing the stone after 2 weeks of conservative management and had no sign of infections or anatomic abnormalities. The primary outcome was the rate of ureteral injuries. Patients were randomly divided into two groups; using safety wire (SGW) and not using safety wire (NSGW). Patients, the data collecting physician, and the Statistical analyst; were concealed from the randomization process. Demographic factors were recorded for each participant. Patients were followed up for at least 1 month; registering intra-operative and post-operative complications.

Results:

From 2020 to 2021, 348 patients were randomized in two arms. Considering the lost cases during the study, 124 patients were finally analyzed in the SGW and 96 patients in the NSGW. Complications were not different between the two groups ( p > 0.05); though, operation time was significantly longer in the SGW group (31.7 min in SGW vs 28 min in NSGW p = 0.02)

Conclusion:

The safety guidewire seems to add no significant benefit to the TUL procedure outcomes in uncomplicated cases.
Reflective citizens koinonia matrix in movement
Authors: Mulasso Alice
Published: October 2022

This contribution is about the Reflective Citizens Koinonia community intervention, with a specific focus on its moving matrix and transmissibility. Starting from the history of this method and its architecture, attention will be brought to the specific features, properties and values that make the matrix move and attune to local contexts. In order to give the reader an idea of the dynamic and emergent themes of RC workshops, some finger food from Chieri (Italy) Reflective Citizens Koinonia (RC Koinonia) first three workshops is presented to the reader, from the foundation without trauma to the first workshop held during pandemic in 2020.
Methodology for testing the compressive strength of pultruded composites
Authors: Vankar Sachin R , Kaore Ameya N , Yerramalli Chandra S
Published: October 2022

Unidirectional (UD) composites with 0° fibre orientation have high axial strength along the direction of fibres. Hence, the axial compressive testing of 0° UD composites is extremely difficult due to associated issues like misalignment, buckling, non-uniform gripping and non-uniform stress distribution. These issues can intensify during fatigue testing, especially at higher load levels. The data available in the literature on the compressive response of unidirectional fibre reinforced composites is scarce. Many researchers have attempted designing a standard testing fixture for compressive testing of the fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs). Two most common fixtures are Boeing-modified ASTM D695 end loading fixture and ASTM D6641 combined loading compression (CLC) fixture. However, these fixtures are only feasible for compressive testing of the rectangular composite laminates. There is no standard fixture for compressive testing of cylindrical pultruded composites. This paper presents a methodology for testing the compressive strength of pultruded cylindrical composites. A fixture is designed and fabricated to conduct the tests. Different misalignment, gripping and stress concentration issues that could occur during the compression testing are addressed and a corresponding solution is provided. Unidirectional (UD) carbon/epoxy pultruded rods are used as test specimens. The test data of 21 specimens is presented and the failure modes are analysed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images.
Do Socioeconomic Factors Influence Knowledge, Attitudes, and Representations of End-of-Life Practices? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bérubé A. , Tapp D. , Dupéré S. , Plaisance A. , Bravo G. , Downar J. , Couture V.
Published: October 2022

Objective

Access to palliative and end-of-life (EOL) care might be influenced by knowledge, attitudes, and representations of these practices. Socioeconomic factors might then affect what people know about EOL care practices, and how they perceive them. This study aims to compare knowledge, attitudes, and representations regarding EOL practices including assisted suicide, medical assistance in dying, and continuous palliative sedation of adults, according to socioeconomic variables.

Methods

A cross-sectional community-based questionnaire study featuring two evolving vignettes and five end-of-life practices was conducted in Quebec, Canada. Three sample subgroups were created according to the participants’ perceived financial situation and three according to educational attainment. Descriptive analysis was used to compare levels of knowledge, attitudes, and representations between the subgroups.

Results

Nine hundred sixty-six (966) people completed the questionnaire. Two hundred and seventy participants (28.7%) had a high school diploma or less, and 42 participants (4.4%) were facing financial hardship. The majority of respondents supported all end-of-life options and the loosening of eligibility requirements for medical assistance in dying. Differences between subgroups were minor. While respondents in socioeconomically disadvantaged subgroups had less knowledge about EOL practices, those with lower educational attainment were more likely to be in favor of medical assistance in dying, and less likely to favor continuous palliative sedation.

Conclusions

People living with situational social and economic vulnerabilities face multiple barriers in accessing health care. While they may have poorer knowledge about EOL practices, they have a positive attitude towards medical assistance in dying and assisted suicide, and a negative attitude towards continuous palliative sedation. This highlights the need for future research and interventions aimed at empowering this population and enhancing their access to EOL care.
Implementing leading practices in regional-level primary care workforce planning: Lessons learned in Toronto
Authors: Simkin Sarah , Chamberland-Rowe Caroline , Damba Cynthia , Sava Nathalie , Lim Ting , Bourgeault Ivy Lynn
Published: October 2022

Investment in capacity for implementation of leading practices in regional-level health workforce planning is essential to support equitable distribution of resources and deployment of a health workforce that can meet local needs. Ontario Health Toronto and the Canadian Health Workforce Network (CHWN) co-developed and operationalized an integrated workforce planning process to support evidence-based primary care workforce decision-making for the Toronto region. The resultant planning toolkit incorporates planning processes centred around engagement with stakeholders, including environmental scanning tools and a quantitative planning model. The outputs of the planning process include estimates of population need and workforce capacity and address challenges specific to Toronto, such as patient mobility, anticipated rapid population growth, and physician retirement. We highlight important challenges and key considerations in the development and operationalization of workforce planning processes, particularly at the regional level.
Feminist Lecture: (Re) Imagining Gender-Based Violence as a Strategy for Enforcing Institutional Segregation and Reproducing Structural Inequalities
Authors: Hattery Angela J.
Published: October 2022

In this article, I develop a framework for re-imagining gender-based violence not as an outgrowth of patriarchy but as a response to the threat of gender integration and the inversion of the gendered hierarchy. I argue that this reconceptualization is critical to re-envisioning not just research but also prevention and intervention strategies. I begin by identifying two reasons for the stalled revolution in reducing rates of gender-based violence: (1) the focus on intimate partner violence and sexual violence as distinct rather than as similar tools that are simply deployed in different spaces, and (2) the de-centering of Black feminist voices and the obscuring of the similarities between gender-based violence and racialized violence. Finally, I conclude with recommendations to transform policies and hegemonic ideologies that limit the impact of gender-based violence—including by holding perpetrators accountable—and render it socially unacceptable, thus creating the foundation for building social institutions that are diverse, inclusive, and equitable.
Novel electromagnetic interference shield developed by gamma irradiation of strengthened WPE/WEPDM thermoplastic elastomer With carbon nanotubes
Authors: Fathy E S , Elnaggar Mona Y , Sharaf A
Published: October 2022

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have established wide attention as strengthened fillers because of their excellent several characters. Nano polymers based on thermoplastic elastomer composed of waste polyethylene (WPE)/Waste ethylene propylene diene monomer (WEPDM) blended equally 50/50 wt. % and strengthened with different concentrations of CNT (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5%) were fabricated via melt mixing. The prepared specimens were exposed to various gamma radiation doses, namely 50 and 100 kGy to evaluate the impact of radiation on the Nano polymers structure. FTIR and XRD were used to track the structure and crystallinity changes of thermoplastic elastomer with CNT filling. Mechanical features including tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E%), modulus of elasticity (EM) and hardness (Shore D) of the unirradiated and irradiated samples were evaluated. Furthermore, the dynamic mechanical properties named storage (E′) and loss modulus as well as tan delta (δ) of the fabricated specimens were measured. TGA and also DSC monitored the thermal decomposition and the melting point alterations caused by CNT reinforcement. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) was studied for all fabricated samples as an application of shielding for radio frequency signals. In general, all the studied parameters revealed improvements of thermoplastic elastomer properties via CNT interference. Subsequent reinforcement of CNT concentrations into WPE/WEPDM produced higher shielding for radio frequency signals. Furthermore, applied gamma radiation doses improved the shielding properties of the fabricated nanocomposites.
Experimental investigation of applying segmented scoop stretcher (S3) for full-body immobilization of the injured patient
Authors: Khan Mohammed Rajik
Published: October 2022

The work presents an experimental investigation of a novel segmented scoop stretcher (S3) to examine full-body immobilization during patient transfer. The designed stretcher aids to provide head, vertebral column, and pelvis immobilization during segmented scooping of corresponding body parts. Scooping experiments on nine participants were performed on fabricated S3 and one of the commercially available scoop stretcher (CSS) to compare the mean range of motion (ROM) of various body parts employing full body scissor and segmented scissor techniques. The angular motion along the spinous process and the nasion (forehead) were recorded through motion sensors (six-dimensional electromagnetic tracking system) placed at various anatomical positions while scooping. Experimental results showed a significant reduction in movement of corresponding body parts in scooping with S3 as compared to existing CSS. A higher immobilization of approximately 2º–5º in the sagittal, lateral, and axial planes were observed while applying S3 as compared to CSS ( p < 0.002). Achieving improvement in immobilization of the injured patient with S3 can reduce the risk of further injury during pre-hospital care.
Hybrid physics and neural network model for lateral vehicle dynamic state prediction
Authors: Cai Yingfeng , Yu Xuekai , Wang Hai , Sun Xiaoqiang , Chen Long , Teng Chenglong
Published: October 2022

The physical modeling-based approaches tend to be over-simplistic and cannot forecast the complex dynamical phenomena, thus leading to non-negligible errors. It is not easy to measure some parameters precisely, and they are usually approximated roughly. However, this approximation reduces the modeling accuracy of the physical model, which is a common problem in complex systems research. It is well-known that neural networks are capable of encoding dynamic information. The vehicle can be accurately modeled by collecting data during its motion. However, purely data-driven approaches have low interpretability and cannot be used in commercial applications. In this work, we present a new hybrid modeling architecture. Based on the physical model, the deep learning method is introduced to expand the incomplete dynamics described by differential equations. Compared with the physical modeling-based and purely data-driven approaches, the proposed technique has lower modeling error and higher interpretability. We evaluate the performance of the hybrid model based on the collected data. The test results show that the proposed architecture successfully captures the vehicle dynamics and reduces the error caused by multi-step prediction compared to the data-driven models. The results also show that the proposed method has value for significant research and practical application.
Multi-body modeling and dynamic analysis of the heavy-load multi-axle vehicle Based on 6S/6M ABS control
Authors: Gao Lei , Gao QinHe , Cheng HongJie , Liu ZhiHao , He XingLei
Published: October 2022

The study investigates the braking characteristics of heavy-load five-axle special vehicle to improve the braking safety of it. The mechanical system with strong coupling is studied by means of multi-body dynamics analysis method, and the refined vehicle dynamics model including braking system, suspension system, steering system, and other components is established via platform of Adams/Car. Through road test experiments, the accuracy and reliability of the model under conditions of 80 m constant turning radius circle and emergency braking of 60 km/h initial speed are verified. The classical ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) control strategy with logic threshold including a road recognition module and a slip ratio calculation module is established in Simulink, which matches the ABS control system of 6 S/6 M for the five-axle special vehicle well. By changing adhesion conditions of a single road and the control channel modes of the split-mu road, the control effect of the ABS control system on the braking performance of the five-axle vehicle is determined by the co-simulation. The experimental and simulation results indicate the following: (1) The vehicle dynamics model can effectively simulate the structure of the actual vehicle mechanical system and mechanical constraints, and has good braking performance and steering performance; (2) ABS external control system and heavy-load five-axle vehicle model can be matched, and during the control process, logic thresholds need to be repeatedly adjusted to adapt to different types of roads. (3) The change of road adhesion coefficient will affect the control effect of ABS. The baking performance can be improved more in low adhesion road than in high adhesion road. (4) Split-mu road is more special and has a great impact on the lateral stability of braking. It can be seen through comparative analysis of high-selection and low-selection control that braking safety is better under low selection control mode.
Finite element analysis of a crossing panel under dynamic moving load – effect of support conditions and implications on foot fatigue
Authors: Alizadeh Otorabad Hossein , Bezin Yann , Grossoni Ilaria , Jorge Pedro
Published: October 2022

The dynamic behaviour of a complete crossing panel under a transient moving load is considered using finite element method (FEM). A 3D model is developed in ANSYS software and validated using recent field measurements data from the UK. Four assumptions of trackbed stiffness distribution are tested. The best matching assumption to the field measurements is suggested and taken forward in the current study. Vibration modes are classified by comparing the modal and transient analysis results in frequency domain based on physical interpretation of the modes. A comparison is made between the so-called ‘P2’ dynamic force value in the current study and that calculated by Jenkin’s formula as specified in the UK Network Rail standard NR/L2/TRK/012 relating to crossing fatigue calculation. It is shown that this standard over-estimates the P2 dynamic force. The crossing stress results are presented and the most critical point on the foot, where the stress is considered to be in the elastic domain is introduced, in relation to the various support conditions. It is concluded that approximating the dynamics load with an equivalent P2 force envelope is sufficient to capture peak stresses for foot fatigue analyses. Finally, two scenarios for modelling hanging bearer effects are analysed in terms of foot stresses. Considering 5 mm initial gap at three consecutive bearers leads to a significant 40% increase in stress value.
Ocular findings in asymptomatic patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Neto Taurino SR , Neto Epitacio DS , Balbi Gustavo GM , Signorelli Flavio , Higashi Alex H , Monteiro Mário Luiz R , Bonfá Eloisa , Zacharias Leandro C , Andrade Danieli CO
Published: October 2022

Background

Primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) is characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), repetitive fetal loss, and arterial/venous thrombosis and no association with other autoimmune rheumatic disease. Ocular involvement can also occur including retinal vascular thrombosis and neuro-ophthalmological manifestations, such as optic neuropathy and amaurosis fugax. Early detection of ocular changes is crucial to minimize functional loss.

Purpose

To perform a multimodal evaluation, including the use of Optical Coherence Angiotomography (OCTA), in patients with PAPS without ocular complaints and compare with healthy individuals.

Methods

We performed a complete structural and functional ophthalmological evaluation using OCTA and microperimetry exam in patients with PAPS, followed at a tertiary Rheumatology outpatient clinic.

Results

We included 104 eyes of 52 subjects [PAPS without ocular complaints (N = 26) and healthy individuals (N = 26)]. Among PAPS patients, 21 were female (80.8%) and 21 (80.8%) were Caucasians. PAPS manifestations were venous (65.4%), arterial thrombosis (34.6%), and obstetrical (34.6%) and all of them had lupus anticoagulant. Ophthalmologic findings were more frequent in PAPS compared to healthy individuals (19.2% vs. 0%, p = 0.05). The most common retinal change was paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) (3 patients, 5 eyes), followed by drusen (1 patient, 2 eyes) and pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE) (1 patient, 1 eye). Hypertension and hyperlipidemia were present in 100% of the PAPS patients with PAMM, while only six patients (26.1%) with PAPS without PAMM presented these two risk factors together ( p = 0.03).

Conclusions

We provide novel evidence that approximately 20% of our asymptomatic PAPS patients without ocular symptoms have ophthalmologic findings that require early identification and careful surveillance focusing on minimizing systemic and vascular risk factors.
Eco-war tourism: Affective geographies, colonial durabilities and the militarization of conservation
Authors: Marijnen Esther
Published: October 2022

This article introduces ‘eco-war tourism’, a growing niche in which tourists venture into war zones to seek adventure and ‘save’ nature from its violent surroundings. In Virunga National Park in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, such tourists can experience the ‘threat of mortality’ while visiting mountain gorillas, contribute to the survival of the park and supposedly participate in regional peacebuilding. This article considers how the amalgamated commodification of war and gorillas leads to the bunkerization of tourism, the reconfiguration of space into ‘safe’ and ‘dangerous’ areas and the militarization of conservation. It links critical security studies and political ecology to theorize how eco-war tourism intensifies green militarization and how militarized conservation itself becomes a spectacularized tourist attraction. Eco-war tourism is informed by, and productive of, various affective geographies, entrenched in colonial durabilities that produce Eurocentric ideas about how and by whom nature should be protected. I call for critical security studies to examine how diverse security interventions – e.g. military, tourism, humanitarianism and conservation – are entangled in and reconfigure inherently political nature–society relations and underscore the futility of approaching ‘society’ and ‘the environment’ as separate fields of security.
A useful quantitative model for determining the optical purity of praziquantel enantiomers based on near infrared spectroscopy with partial least squares
Authors: Teng Fei , Ji Jianbo , Yang Yue , Wang Haina
Published: October 2022

In this study, a new method was developed for the determination of praziquantel (PZQ) enantiomers in solution. Praziquantel, as a highly effective and low-toxic broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug developed in the 1970s, is the first choice for the etiology of schistosomiasis treatment recommended by the World Health Organization. It is by far the most effective anti-schistosomiasis drug. PZQ is a chiral drug with a chiral carbon atom and two enantiomers, of which R-PZQ is the main contributor of the anti-schistosome effect. The quantitative model was established based on near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with the partial least square (PLS) method. Using sucrose as a chiral selector, the collected spectral information was processed by the second derivative and Savitzky-Golay smoothing filter, and comprehensively analyzed in the two bands of 1816.9–1884.3 nm and 1405.3–1425.4 nm to establish a good PLS regression model. Internal cross-validation of the model was carried out. In principle, the enantiomeric excess could be determined as low as 1.33%. The mole fraction of S-PZQ determined by HPLC was used as a reference method, and three batches of samples from the same manufacturer were used for independent external validation with an error of ± 4%. The results showed that this quantitative model could be used to determine the enantiomer content of the chiral drug PZQ. It realized the rapid and sensitive analysis of PZQ tablets and provided a new strategy for the quality analysis of chiral drugs.
Can the Screen Speak?: Museum of Material Memory and the Politics of Display
Authors: Krishnan Sridhar
Published: October 2022

What if a museum is not built out of cement and stone, but codes on a virtual space? In what ways do virtual platforms operationalise the concept of a museum? The paper explores these questions based on the empirical case study of Museum of Material Memory (MMM) and how it operates on Instagram. To this end, the objectives of this paper are twin fold. Firstly, it investigates the characteristics that make MMM a museum as distinct from a social media blog or a website. And secondly, it explores the politics of curation in relation to conventional physical museums in conjunction with issues thrown up by Instagram as a medium of display. The paper argues that MMM’s virtual mode of operation challenges the methods of heritage conservation envisaged by museums by demonstrating how tangible heritage can be museumised through virtual means. In doing so, MMM lays emphasis not only on the object per se, but also on the relationship that the object may have with its setting and the people around it. Such a model of display democratises expertise by obfuscating the difference between producers and consumers of heritage.
Time-Varying Risks in ESG Equity Investments during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bhattacharjee Nayanjyoti , De Anupam
Published: October 2022

We analyse the time-varying risks associated with ESG equity investments in developed, emerging and BRIC equity markets in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic which has once again underscored the vulnerability of the financial space to shocks. For this purpose, the nonlinear Markov regime switching model is used to analyse the time-varying beta and idiosyncratic volatility of the World ESG Leaders, Emerging Markets ESG Leaders and BRIC ESG Leaders equity portfolios provided by Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI). To further complement the evidence, we also refer to the global ACWI ESG Leaders index which represents both developed markets and emerging markets. The evidence suggests that the risk dynamics of the ESG equity portfolios representing the developed markets, emerging markets, BRIC markets and the global markets are distinct during the crisis and calm period. ESG equity investments have higher systematic risk exposure in emerging markets and BRIC markets during the crisis period as well as calm periods. On the other hand, ESG equity investments have higher systematic risk exposure during the crisis period only in case of developed markets. The results of the study provide insights on the time -varying risk dynamics of ESG investing and thus, facilitate informed investment decisions.
Pandemic Makers: How Citizen Groups Mobilized Resources to Meet Local Needs in a Global Health Crisis
Authors: Browder Russell E. , Seyb Stella , Forgues Angela , Aldrich Howard E.
Published: October 2022

The enormous scale of suffering, breadth of societal impact, and ongoing uncertainty wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic introduced dynamics seldom examined in the crisis entrepreneurship literature. Previous research indicates that when a crisis causes a failure of public goods, spontaneous citizen ventures often emerge to leverage unique local knowledge to rapidly customize abundant external resources to meet immediate needs. However, as outsiders, emergent citizen groups responding to the dire shortage of personal protective equipment at the onset of COVID-19 lacked local knowledge and legitimacy. In this study, we examine how entrepreneurial citizens mobilized collective resources in attempts to gain acceptance and meet local needs amid the urgency of the pandemic. Through longitudinal case studies of citizen groups connected to makerspaces in four U.S. cities, we study how they adapted to address the resource and legitimacy limitations they encountered. We identify three mechanisms—augmenting, circumventing, and attenuating—that helped transient citizen groups calibrate their resource mobilization based on what they learned over time. We highlight how extreme temporality imposes limits on resourcefulness and legitimation, making it critical for collective entrepreneurs to learn when to work within their limitations rather than try to overcome them.
Saudi Women’s Breastfeeding Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alahmed Salma , Meedya Shahla , Mutair Abbas Al , Fernandez Ritin
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Despite the health benefits of breastfeeding, Saudi women do not exclusively breastfeed their babies. The purpose of this article was to synthesize Saudi women’s breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and practices and identify the factors that women reported for their breastfeeding cessation.

Methodology:

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials and cross-sectional studies was undertaken.

Results:

Saudi women reported poor knowledge in managing breastfeeding challenges and had a positive attitude toward formula feeding. Giving premade formula and sugar water was a common practice. The breastfeeding initiation rate (31.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [22%, 41.8%]) and exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months were low (15.15, 95% CI: [8%, 24%]). Perceived low milk supply, returning to work, and using contraception were the main reasons for early breastfeeding cessation.

Discussion:

The integration of Islamic, political, and economic cultures in Saudi Arabia can influence women’s breastfeeding practices. There is a need for culturally appropriate breastfeeding educational programs for Saudi women.
Development of an Advance Care Planning Portal-Based Tool for Community-Dwelling Persons Living With Cognitive Impairment: The ACPVoice Tool
Authors: Gabbard Jennifer , Strahley Ashley E. , Pajewski Nicholas M. , Callahan Kathryn E. , Foley Kristie L. , Brown Andrew , Moses Adam , Kirkendall Eric , Williamson Jeff D. , Brooten Justin , Marterre Buddy , Sutfin Erin L.
Published: October 2022

Background: Patient portals can be an innovative and efficient way to engage patients in advance care planning (ACP). However, comprehension and judgment in older adults with cognitive impairment presents several barriers and challenges to engaging in new technology. Our objective was to develop an ACP portal-based tool (ACPVoice) for community-dwelling persons living with cognitive impairment (PLCI) by engaging end-users in the design process. Methods: Two rounds of cognitive interviews were conducted to identify and resolve cognitive issues related to comprehension, judgment, response, and to assess content validity. Purposive sampling was used with the goal of enrolling 15 different participants (five with mild cognitive impairment and five dyads (those with mild dementia and their care partner) in each round to assess respondents’ understanding of questions related to advance care planning to be administered via the patient portal. Results: Twenty PLCI (mean age 78.4, 10 females [50%]) and ten care partners (mean age 60.9, 9 females [90%]) completed cognitive interviews between May 2021 and October 2021. The mean Mini-Mental State Examination score for PLCI was 25.6 (SD 2.6). Unclear wording and undefined vague and/or unfamiliar terms were the major issues identified. Revisions to item wording, response options, and instructions were made to improve question comprehension and response as well as navigational ease. Conclusion: Minor changes to the wording, format, and response options substantially improved respondents’ ability to interpret the item content of the ACPVoice tool. Dissemination and implementation of the ACPVoice tool could help to engage community-dwelling PLCI in ACP discussions.
Benefits and Pitfalls of Debunking Interventions to Counter mRNA Vaccination Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Schmid Philipp , Betsch Cornelia
Published: October 2022

Misinformation about mRNA vaccination is a barrier in the global fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, authorities often rely on text-based refutations as a countermeasure. In two experiments ( N = 2,444), text-based refutations effectively reduced the belief in misinformation and immunized participants against the impact of a misleading social media post. However, a follow-up ( N = 817) questions the longevity of these debunking and prebunking effects. Moreover, the studies reveal potential pitfalls by showing a row of unintended effects of the refutations (lacking effect on intentions, backfire-effects among religious groups, and biased judgments when omitting information about vaccine side effects).
Does Assessment Format Matter? A Comparison of In-Person Versus Teletesting Scores for Youth with ADHD
Authors: McDermott Shelley M. , Sweeney Kristie , Jacobson Lisa A. , Lieb Rebecca W. , Wexler Danielle , Pritchard Alison E.
Published: October 2022

Objective:

This study examined test score equivalency between traditional in-person assessment and teletesting among youth diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Method:

In all, 896 youth with ADHD, ages 5–21 years, were administered cognitive, academic achievement, and verbal fluency measures via either teletesting ( n = 448) or traditional in-person assessment ( n = 448). The teletesting and in-person groups were matched on age, sex, and insurance type (as a proxy for income).

Results:

Results indicated no significant differences in test scores obtained via in-person and teletesting evaluations across all examined measures.

Conclusion:

Clinically referred youth with ADHD perform similarly on measures of cognitive functioning, academic achievement, and verbal fluency, regardless of whether these measures are administered in-person or via teletesting. While additional evidence for equivalent psychometric properties of neuropsychological instruments administered remotely is needed, this study offers support for the validity of remote administration among youth with ADHD.
Development of Three Psychology Sub-Disciplines Over the Past 30 Years: A Citation Analysis
Authors: Singer Susanne
Published: October 2022

At the end of the last century, there was a debate about whether cognitive psychology had superseded behavioral psychology and psychoanalysis, and the question was raised of whether the latter two might even be dead. The aim of this study was to investigate how these sub-disciplines have developed since then. The citation count, Journal Impact Factor (JIF), and Immediacy Index of four leading journals from each sub-discipline were abstracted for the years 1998, 2008, and 2018. Trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression analysis. The average number of times each sub-discipline’s journals were cited increased between 1988 and 2018. The cognitive journals’ JIF increased slightly, the behavioral journals’ doubled, and the psychoanalytic journals’ remained at the same level. The average annual percentage change for citations to the International Journal of Psychoanalysis showed that the number of citations statistically significantly increased over the years. This was also the case for the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. Its JIF trend changed at one point: it decreased up through 2006, after which it increased. Citations to Cognitive Psychology also increased over time, while there was no evidence that its JIF changed. This shows that all three sub-disciplines are still alive and relevant.