bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of the Effects of Hydrotherapy During the Active Phase of Labor on the Labor Process and Parenting Behavior
Authors: Tuncay Semra , Kaplan Sena , Moraloglu Tekin Ozlem
Published: December 2017

This study was conducted to assess the effect on labor process and parenting behavior of hydrotherapy applied during the active phase of labor. This quasi-experimental study was conducted by using an equivalent comparison group ( n = 40). The participants in the experimental group whose cervical dilation was 5 cm were taken to the hydrotherapy tub. This application continued until cervical dilation reached 10 cm. The Participants Questionnaire, The Birth Follow-up Questionnaire, The Postpartum ]collection tools. The duration of the active phase and second stage of labor was extremely short in the experimental group in comparison with the equivalent comparison group ( p = .001). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores of the experimental group were lower than those of the equivalent comparison group when cervical dilation was 6 cm and 10 cm ( p = .001). The experimental group also displayed more positive parenting behavior and positive labor feeling ( p = .001).
The “Spice” Trade
Authors: Surmont Tim , Daníelsson Helgi Valur , Hughes Brendan , Sedefov Roumen
Published: December 2017

There are currently over 170 synthetic cannabinoids monitored by the European Union Early Warning System, making it the single largest group of new psychoactive substances, often marketed as “legal” replacements to cannabis. The Internet, coupled with cheap and efficient shipping, has allowed countries like China and India to become the chemical and pharmaceutical wholesalers and retailers to the world. These companies ship synthetic cannabinoids to Europe, where they are processed and packaged into a range of products, smokable herbal mixtures being the most common one. The herbal mixtures, often referred to as “Spice,” are then sold via online shops on the surface web, using sophisticated marketing techniques, potentially generating high profits. We decided to use available data on the synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-PINACA to estimate those profits. After making an inventory of the required materials and the typical retail price, we made a lower and upper bound profit estimation. We found that the return on costs varies between 3.3 and 24.4 after the first production and rises to a range between 5.5 and 42.5. By applying a basic economic model, our estimations show that profits in this type of business are substantial.
Fifth Metatarsal Jones Fractures in the Athlete
Authors: Porter David A.
Published: December 2017

Fifth metatarsal fractures, otherwise known as “Jones” fractures, occur commonly in athletes and nonathletes alike. While recent occurrence in the popular elite athlete has increased public knowledge and interest in the fracture, this injury is common at all levels of sport. This review will focus on all three types of Jones fractures. The current standard for treatment is operative intervention with intramedullary screw fixation. Athletes typically report an acute episode of lateral foot pain, described as an ache. Radiographic imaging with multiple views of the weightbearing injured foot are needed to confirm diagnosis. If these images are inconclusive, further magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) is used. Nonoperative treatment is not commonly used as the sole treatment, except when following reinjury of a stable screw fixation. While screw selection is still controversial, operative treatment with intramedullary screw fixation is the standard approach. Technical tips on screw displacement are provided for Torg (types I, II, III) fractures, cavovarus foot fractures, recurrent fractures, revision surgery, occult fractures/high-grade stress reactions, and Jones’ variants. Excellent clinical outcomes can be expected in 80% to 100% of patients when using the intramedullary screw fixation to “fit and fill” the medullary canal with threads across the fracture site. Most studies show the timing for return to sports with optimal healing to be seven to twelve weeks after fixation.

Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.
Probability distributions control for multi-input multi-output stationary non-Gaussian random vibration test
Authors: Zheng Ronghui , Chen Huaihai , He Xudong , Zheng Wei
Published: December 2017

An inverse system method for multi-input multi-output stationary non-Gaussian random vibration test is proposed in the paper to control the response characteristics both in time-domain and frequency-domain simultaneously. Hence, the control objectives are not only the traditional response power spectral densities but also probability distributions. The control of the probability distributions is more comprehensive and reasonable than the control of kurtoses in order to duplicate the time-domain characteristics of the measured data because kurtoses provide only partial behaviors of the probability distributions. The nonlinear transformation process is introduced to generate non-Gaussian random signals with specified probability distributions. To obtain the desired vibration environments for the test, the reference response signals are synthesized first by the reference spectra and probability distributions, and then the coupled drive signals are generated via the inverse system in the time domain. The close loop correction algorithms are implemented to update the drive signals, actually to update the reference response signals according to the deviations between the references and the measured responses. Finally, a numerical example by a cantilever beam and a biaxial vibration test are carried out and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Development and Testing of the Provider and Staff Perceptions of Integrated Care (PSPIC) Survey
Authors: Derrett Sarah , Gunter Kathryn E. , Samaranayaka Ari , Singer Sara J. , Nocon Robert S. , Quinn Michael T. , Breheny Mary , Campbell Amanda , Schaefer Cynthia T. , Heuer Loretta J. , Chin Marshall H.
Published: December 2017

This article discusses development and testing of the Provider and Staff Perceptions of Integrated Care Survey, a 21-item questionnaire, informed by Singer and colleagues’ seven-construct framework. Questionnaires were sent to 2,936 providers and staff at 100 federally qualified health centers and other safety net clinics in 10 Midwestern U.S. states; 332 were ineligible, leaving 2,604 potential participants. Following 4 mailings, 781 (30%) responded from 97 health centers. Item analyses, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were undertaken. Exploratory factor analysis suggests four latent factors: Teams and Care Continuity, Patient Centeredness, Coordination with External Providers, and Coordination with Community Resources. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed these factor groupings. For the total sample, Cronbach’s alpha exceeded 0.7 for each latent factor. Descriptive responses to each of the 21 Provider and Staff Perceptions of Integrated Care questions appear to have potential in identifying areas that providers and staff recognize as care integration strengths, and areas that may warrant improvement.
Possible Age-Related Progression of Attentional Impairment in ADHD and Its Attenuation by Past Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Ben-Sheetrit Joseph , Tasker Hanan , Avnat Lee , Golubchik Pavel , Weizman Abraham , Manor Iris
Published: December 2017

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate attentional impairment in different age groups with ADHD. Method: In all, 58 children, 73 adolescents, and 104 adults with ADHD were evaluated using the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA). Subjects with comorbidities or psychotropic treatment were not included. Results: Considering Response Time Variability (RTV), adults were 10.6 and 4.0 times more likely to be severely impaired (standard score < 40) than children and adolescents, respectively. Adults were twice as likely as adolescents to be very impaired (standard score< 70) in Omissions. Considering d′ (decrement of attentional performance over time), all severely impaired participants were adults. Age predicted impairment in Attention Performance Index (API), RTV, and d′, but not Omissions or Commissions. Past treatment with stimulants predicted less impairment in d′, past diagnosis predicted less impairment in RTV, and each predicted less impairment in Omissions and API. Conclusion: Adults had more attentional impairment than children and adolescents. Past diagnosis and treatment were associated with less ADHD-related attentional impairment.
Grounded Visual Pattern Analysis: Photographs in Organizational Field Studies
Authors: Shortt Harriet L. , Warren Samantha K.
Published: December 2017

Visual methodologies for researching organizational life have grown in popularity over the past decade, with conceptual and methodological foundations now well documented. However, analytical critique has not kept pace, and so in this article we offer grounded visual pattern analysis (GVPA) as a rigorous means of analysis that mines the discursive meanings of individual photographs and the visual patterns apparent across multiple still images. We illustrate GVPA’s value through an ethnographic field study investigating the relationship between workplace environments and identity formation among hair salon workers in the United Kingdom. Specifically, we explain how to combine the strengths of both “dialogical” and “archaeological” approaches to visual research, which have hitherto been seen as distinct endeavors. We argue this is particularly valuable in field studies addressing material turns in organization studies, such as studies of space, strategy-as-practice, embodied cognition, and servicescape aesthetics. The article concludes by putting forward a series of potential directions for the future of visual organizational research based on the bridging of Meyer et al.’s five different methodological approaches.
Big Data, Big Insights? Advancing Service Innovation and Design With Machine Learning
Authors: Antons David , Breidbach Christoph F.
Published: December 2017

Service innovation is intertwined with service design, and knowledge from both fields should be integrated to advance theoretical and normative insights. However, studies bridging service innovation and service design are in their infancy. This is because the body of service innovation and service design research is large and heterogeneous, which makes it difficult, if not impossible, for any human to read and understand its entire content and to delineate appropriate guidelines on how to broaden the scope of either field. Our work addresses this challenge by presenting the first application of topic modeling, a type of machine learning, to review and analyze currently available service innovation and service design research ( n = 641 articles with 10,543 pages of written text or 4,119,747 words). We provide an empirical contribution to service research by identifying and analyzing 69 distinct research topics in the published text corpus, a theoretical contribution by delineating an extensive research agenda consisting of four research directions and 12 operationalizable guidelines to facilitate cross-fertilization between the two fields, and a methodological contribution by introducing and demonstrating the applicability of topic modeling and machine learning as a novel type of big data analytics to our discipline.
Prognostic Significance of Low Claudin3 Expression in Luminal Breast Cancers
Authors: Mudduwa Lakmini , Peiris Harshini , Gunasekara Shania , Abeysiriwardhana Deepthika , Liyanage Thusharie
Published: December 2017

Aim:

To study the prognostic value of immunohistochemically detected low Claudin3 expression in breast cancers.

Methods:

This retrospective study included patients with breast cancer who were investigated at our unit from 2006 to 2015. Tissue microarrays were constructed, and immunohistochemical staining was done to assess the Claudin3 expression and to classify breast cancers according to the immunohistochemical surrogates for molecular classification. Kaplan-Meier model and log-rank test were used for recurrence-free survival and breast cancer–specific survival analysis.

Results:

Of the 853 patients, overall low expression of Claudin3 was seen in 18.4%. Recurrence-free survival of patients with overall low Claudin3 breast cancers was poor in luminal A ( P = .006) and luminal B (Her2−) ( P = .009) subtypes compared with those who had Claudin3 expression in each group.

Conclusions:

Assessment of Claudin3 expression by immunohistochemistry is suggested for luminal A and luminal B (Her2−) subtypes to identify patients with poor prognosis.
The Contribution of Malodour in Quality of Life of Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Alavi Afsaneh , Farzanfar Delaram , Lee Rosa Kyuwon , Almutairi Dalal
Published: December 2017

Background:

Malodourous discharge in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has a strong psychosocial impact and is often reported as a source of embarrassment, low self-esteem, social stigma, and barriers to interpersonal relationships. Malodour is a maker of bacterial colonization, and its role in HS is understudied.

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between severity of malodourous discharge and quality-of-life impairment in patients with HS.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study of 51 patients recruited from the Women’s College Hospital and the York Dermatology Centre. Quality of life was assessed using both the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and the Skindex-29 instruments.

Results:

Severity of odour significantly predicts the total Skindex score after controlling for disease severity as measured by the Hurley stage and Sartorius score ( R2 = 0.39, F = 8.11, P < .0001). However, odour severity is not a predictor of DLQI ( R2 = 0.17, F = 2.63, P = .064). There was no difference in mean DLQI scores for the low- vs high-odour groups, but patients with high odour had a greater quality of life impairment as measured by the Skindex tool ( t = −4.19, df = 43, P < .0001, mean difference = −18.87).

Conclusion:

Malodour is a common symptom that significantly impairs quality of life in patients with HS. The fact that this effect is captured in Skindex and not the DLQI may be attributed to the nonspecificity of the DLQI in terms of unique disease characteristics. It is important to address odour in the management of patients with HS.
Effects of telephone call intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in T2DM: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wei Junping , Zheng Huijuan , Wang Liansheng , Wang Qiuhong , Wei Fan , Bai Litao
Published: December 2017

Background

Mobile health interventions utilising telephone calls are promising tools for diabetes management. However, there is still a lack of convincing evidence demonstrating their beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was to assess the effect of telephone calls on glycaemic control and other cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Methods

Two independent reviewers searched three online databases (PubMed, the Cochrane Library and EMBASE) to identify relevant English-language randomised controlled trials up to September 2017. Randomised controlled trials that assessed the effects of telephone calls on glycaemic control and other cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were included. Effect size was calculated for changes in glycosylated haemoglobin A1c, weight, blood pressure and lipid levels using fixed- or random-effects models.

Results

Eighteen studies involving 3954 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with usual care, telephone calls significantly decreased glycosylated haemoglobin A1c, by 0.12% (95% confidence interval: −0.22% to −0.02%). Univariate regression analysis showed that none of the covariates (number of participants, baseline age, baseline glycosylated haemoglobin A1c, duration of diabetes, call maker, number of calls and duration of study) had an impact on glycosylated haemoglobin A1c. For other cardiovascular risk factors, telephone calls significantly reduced systolic blood pressure by 0.19 mm Hg (95% confidence interval: −0.34% to −0.03%) but non-significantly changed diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride or high-density cholesterol levels.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis supports the hypothesis that telephone calls offer moderate benefits for glycosylated haemoglobin A1c and systolic blood pressure reduction among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. However, the data remain insufficient regarding the association of telephone calls with lowered diastolic blood pressure, body mass index or improved lipoprotein profiles.
Understanding the experiences of middle school girls who have received help for non-suicidal self-injury
Authors: Tillman Kathleen S , Prazak Michael , Obert Megan L
Published: December 2017

This study aimed to understand the experiences of middle school girls who have engaged in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and have received professional help for these behaviors. Participants described engaging in NSSI in response to uncomfortable feelings and invasive negative thoughts. They reported that engaging in NSSI decreased their uncomfortable feelings. While each participant had at least one person in her life who knew about her NSSI, participants did not feel supported or validated by these people. Participants were not completely honest with their therapists because they were afraid of being misunderstood, dismissed, or getting others into trouble. Despite these things, participants wanted support and understanding about who they are as unique individuals, why they are struggling, and why they self-injure. They also wanted to be in a transparent therapeutic relationship where they felt respected and accepted. Unfortunately, they did not describe relationships with their therapists as possessing these qualities. Professionals would better meet the need of adolescents by clearly discussing confidentiality, boundaries, conveying respect and acceptance, and recognizing the uniqueness of their clients. Assessing for self-harm and treatment reluctance should be done in the context of resistance to therapy and a sensitivity to judgment.
Vocalizations of minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder across the school year
Authors: Bak Moon Young Savana , Plavnick Joshua B , Byrne Sarah M
Published: December 2017

Little is known about the language trajectories of minimally verbal school-aged children with autism spectrum disorders. The present investigation conducted observations across two elementary schools over an entire school year to analyze the vocal language development of nine minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder between the ages of 6 and 10 years, and their educational service providers. A Language Environment Analysis™ device automatically recorded and disaggregated over 743 h of data on child vocalizations, and vocal interactions with adults. Vocalizations did not increase for eight of the nine participants, and conversational counts between participants and adults were near zero across the entire year. These results speak to the need for additional research examining language development and potential intervention strategies among minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder.
An electronic handoff tool to facilitate transfer of care from anesthesia to nursing in intensive care units
Authors: Shah Aalap C , Oh Daniel C , Xue Anna H , Lang John D , Nair Bala G
Published: December 2017

Checklists are commonly used to structure the communication process between anesthesia nursing healthcare providers during the transfer of care, or handoff, of a patient after surgery. However, intraoperative information is often recalled from memory leading to omission of critical data or incomplete information exchange during the patient handoff. We describe the implementation of an electronic anesthesia information transfer tool (T2) for use in the handover of intubated patients to the intensive care unit. A pilot observational study auditing handovers against a pre-existing checklist was performed to evaluate information reporting and attendee participation. There was a modest improvement in information reporting on part of the anesthesia provider, as well as team discussions regarding the current hemodynamic status of the patient. While T2 was well-received, further evaluation of the tool in different handover settings can clarify its potential for decreasing adverse communication-related events.
Two competing ionization processes in ESI-MS analysis of N-(1,3-diphenylallyl)benzenamines: formation of the unusual [M−H]+ ion versus the regular [M+H]+ ion
Authors: Fang Liwen , Dong Cheng , Guo Cheng , Xu Jianxing , Liu Qiaoling , Qu Zhirong , Jiang Kezhi
Published: December 2017

A series of N-(1,3-diphenylallyl)benzenamine derivatives (M) were investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the positive-ion mode. Both the anomalous [M−H]+ and the regular [M+H]+ were observed in the ESI mass spectra. The occurrence of [M−H]+ has been supported by accurate mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Calculation results indicated that formation of [M−H]+ is attributed to the ion-molecule reaction of M with the protonated ESI solvent molecule (e.g. CH3OH2+) via hydride abstraction from a tertiary Csp3−H. The competing ionization processes leading to [M−H]+ or [M+H]+ were significantly affected by the concentration of formic acid in the electrospray ionization solvent and the proton affinity of the N atom.
Mass spectrometric studies on selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) using electron ionization and electrospray ionization/collision-induced dissociation
Authors: Thevis Mario , Volmer Dietrich A
Published: December 2017

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) have been identified as a promising class of drug candidates potentially applicable to diverse pathological conditions commonly associated with significantly reduced muscle mass. Due to a suspected and meanwhile repeatedly proven misuse of SARMs in elite and amateur sport, sustaining constantly updated doping control analytical methods is critical for sports drug testing laboratories. These test methods predominantly utilize mass spectrometry-based instrumentations and, consequently, studies on the mass spectrometric behavior of new compounds and, where available, their metabolic products are vital for comprehensive doping controls. In this communication, the dissociation patterns of three new SARM drug candidates referred to as GSK2881078, PF-06260414, and TFM-4 AS-1 as observed under electron ionization as well as electrospray ionization/collision-induced dissociation are discussed. By means of high resolution/high accuracy tandem mass spectrometry employing quadrupole-orbitrap mass analyzers, information on precursor-product ion relationships and elemental compositions was obtained and subsequently utilized to suggest dissociation routes of the target compounds. This information can contribute to future studies concerning structure assignments of metabolites and accelerate the identification of related substances if distributed and/or illicitly used in the world of sport.
Disclosure of beneficial ownership of companies in Hong Kong
Authors: Ho John Kong Shan
Published: December 2017

In early 2017, the Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau of Hong Kong conducted a consultation and proposed to put in place a regime under its Companies Ordinance to enhance the transparency of beneficial ownership of companies by requiring them to publish the names of their ultimate owners on company registers in an effort to meet prevailing international standards to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. The consultation conclusion was published in April 2017 which stated that based on the overall support for the proposed legislation, it seeks to introduce such regime by late 2017. This article is written against such background and highlights the rationales for Hong Kong in introducing such a law. In doing so, the article will make reference to the United Kingdom and Singapore which have also recently implemented a similar regime under their company law.
Type 1 diabetic patients have better endothelial function after simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation than after kidney transplantation with continued insulin therapy
Authors: Ziaja Jacek , Kowalik Adrian P , Kolonko Aureliusz , Kamińska Dorota , Owczarek Aleksander J , Kujawa-Szewieczek Agata , Kusztal Mariusz A , Badura Joanna , Bożek-Pająk Dominika , Choręza Piotr , Zakrzewska Agnieszka , Król Robert , Chłopicki Stefan , Klinger Marian , Więcek Andrzej , Chudek Jerzy , Cierpka Lech
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyse the influence of simultaneous pancreas–kidney or kidney transplantation on endothelial function and systemic inflammation in type 1 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease. In 39 simultaneous pancreas–kidney, 39 type 1 diabetic kidney and 52 non-diabetic kidney recipients, flow-mediated dilatation was measured. Additionally, blood glycated haemoglobin, serum creatinine and lipids, plasma nitrites [Formula: see text] and nitrates, asymmetric dimethylarginine, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1β and interleukin 6 concentrations were assessed. During 58 ± 31 months follow-up period, flow-mediated dilatation and [Formula: see text] were greater in simultaneous pancreas–kidney than in type 1 diabetic kidney recipients [10.4% ± 4.7% vs 7.7% ± 4.2%, p < 0.05 and 0.94 (0.74–1.34) vs 0.24 (0.20–0.43) μmol/L, p < 0.01, respectively]. In type 1 diabetic patients after simultaneous pancreas–kidney or kidney transplantation, [Formula: see text] correlated with flow-mediated dilatation (r = 0.306, p < 0.05) and with blood glycated haemoglobin (r = −0.570, p < 0.001). The difference in [Formula: see text] was linked to blood glycated haemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate, whereas the difference in flow-mediated dilatation was linked to [Formula: see text]. The levels of inflammatory markers (except soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) were similar in simultaneous pancreas–kidney and type 1 diabetic kidney recipients. Improved endothelial function in type 1 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease after simultaneous pancreas–kidney compared to kidney transplantation is associated with normalisation of glucose metabolism but not with improvement in plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Technique for Fenestrated Stent-Graft Implantation as a Proximal Extension to a Previous Fenestrated Endovascular Repair for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Spanos Konstantinos , Tsilimparis Nikolaos , Heidemann Franziska , Rohlffs Fiona , Behrendt Christian-Alexander , Debus Eike Sebastian , Kölbel Tilo
Published: December 2017

Purpose: To describe planning and a technique for fenestrated endovascular repair of a large Crawford type IV thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm after previous 2-fenestration endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR). Technique: The first FEVAR procedure performed at another center implanted a standard Zenith device with 2 fenestrations and 1 scallop for a juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. The diameter of the Crawford type IV thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm had progressed from 68 to 75 mm within a year after the FEVAR. Since the celiac trunk was already occluded, a 3-fenestration 22-×172-mm stent-graft was chosen to extend the existing stent-graft further proximally. A tapered 38/22-×179-mm Zenith custom-made device was designed for the thoracic component. The technique addresses several issues that arise during a FEVAR-in-FEVAR case, such as the orientation of the new stent-graft and its fenestrations, the absence of space between the 2 devices for maneuvers, and the difficulty in catheterizing target vessels with existing bridging stents, for which a bailout “snare-ride” maneuver is described. Conclusion: FEVAR after previous FEVAR is a feasible and efficient treatment option. The modified “snare-ride” technique can be used to catheterize target vessels in the absence of an Indy snare.
Urinary protein biomarkers of kidney injury in patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy
Authors: George Blessy , Joy Melanie S , Aleksunes Lauren M
Published: December 2017

Despite recent progress in the development of novel approaches to treat cancer, traditional antineoplastic drugs, such as cisplatin, remain a mainstay of regimens targeting solid tumors. Use of cisplatin is limited by acute kidney injury, which occurs in approximately 30% of patients. Current clinical measures, such as serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate, are inadequate in their ability to detect acute kidney injury, particularly when there is only a moderate degree of injury. Thus, there is an urgent need for improved diagnostic biomarkers to predict nephrotoxicity. There is also interest by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to validate and implement new biomarkers to identify clinical and subclinical acute kidney injury in patients during the drug approval process. This minireview provides an overview of the current literature regarding the utility of urinary proteins (albumin, beta-2-microglobulin, N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and cystatin C) as biomarkers for cisplatin-induced AKI. Many of the well-studied urinary proteins (KIM-1, NGAL, B2M, albumin) as well as emerging biomarkers (calbindin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and trefoil factor 3) display distinct patterns of time-dependent excretion after cisplatin administration. Implementation of these biomarker proteins in the oncology clinic has been hampered by a lack of validation studies. To address these issues, large head-to-head studies are needed to fully characterize time-dependent responses and establish accurate cutoff values and ranges, particularly in cancer patients.

Impact statement

There is growing interest in using urinary protein biomarkers to detect acute kidney injury in oncology patients prescribed the nephrotoxic anticancer drug cisplatin. We aim to synthesize and organize the existing literature on biomarkers examined clinically in patients receiving cisplatin-containing chemotherapy regimens. This minireview highlights several proteins (kidney injury molecule-1, beta-2-microglobulin, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, calbindin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, trefoil factor 3) with the greatest promise for detecting cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in humans. A comprehensive review of the existing literature may aid in the design of larger studies needed to implement the clinical use of these urinary proteins as biomarkers of kidney injury.
Watching the Ethnographers
Authors: Ali Syed
Published: December 2017

Syed Ali on Interrogating Ethnography
The Business of Egg and Sperm Donation
Authors: Almeling Rene
Published: December 2017

rene almeling on the framing of sex cell donations.
Intracranial contrast transit times on digital subtraction angiography decrease more in patients with delayed intraparenchymal hemorrhage after Pipeline
Authors: Brunozzi Denise , Shakur Sophia F , Charbel Fady T , Alaraj Ali
Published: December 2017

Background

Pipeline embolization devices (PEDs) are used for endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms but can be associated with delayed ipsilateral intraparenchymal hemorrhage (DIPH). Changes in intracranial hemodynamics after PED are poorly understood.

Objective

Here, we assess hemodynamic changes after PED in patients and compare these changes in patients with and without DIPH (DIPH+ and DIPH–).

Methods

Records of patients with distal internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms treated with PED at our institution between 2012 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Regions of interest were selected proximally to PED over the cavernous ICA and distally over the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and then transit times were determined using syngo iFlow software (Siemens). Ratio of MCA to ICA transit time was compared before, after treatment, and at follow-up. Ratios were also compared between DIPH+ and DIPH– subgroups. Correlations between aneurysm size, age, and ratios were investigated.

Results

Fifty-three patients were included. The ratio of MCA to ICA transit time decreased significantly after PED deployment (1.13 vs. 1.22, p < 0.01). The ratio in the DIPH + subgroup ( n = 4) was significantly lower (1.00 vs. 1.14, p = 0.01) and decreased significantly more (21% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.02) compared to the DIPH– subgroup ( n = 49). The ratio tended to be higher in larger aneurysms at baseline ( r = 0.25, p = 0.07) but not after PED treatment ( r = 0.11, p = 0.15). Age did not correlate with ratio.

Conclusion

The ratio of MCA to ICA transit time decreases following PED treatment and decreases more in patients with DIPH. These contrast transit time changes can be detected in real time immediately after PED deployment.
Agents of the nation-state or transformative intellectuals? Exploring the conflicting roles of civics teachers in Israel
Authors: Muff Aline , Bekerman Zvi
Published: December 2017

This article focuses on the role of the civics teacher against the backdrop of the recent political developments in Israel, where the political elite increasingly seeks to underpin citizenship education with a national-religious ideology. As in previous work on this topic by other academics, we draw on Gramsci’s work on cultural hegemony to locate the hegemonic discourse of citizenship education in Israel and focus on the teacher’s role along the spectrum of being an agent of the nation-state to acting as a transformative intellectual. We have interviewed Jewish-Israeli civics teachers to gain a better understanding of how they mediate their role between the different demands that the politics of civic education in Israel imposes on them. Our findings outline how teachers sometimes tend to reproduce the hegemonic discourse and how they also find ways to rebel against it, drawing on counter-hegemonic strategies in their classroom practice.
The stop and search of minors: A ‘vital police tool’?
Authors: Flacks Simon
Published: December 2017

Police stop and search powers have been widely criticized for the disproportionate manner in which members of black and ethnic minority communities are targeted. However, the use of such powers on minors in England and Wales has largely escaped comment, despite good evidence that such practices are harmful and counter-productive. Whilst data on the stop and search of under-10s and even toddlers has been reasonably widely reported by the mass media, there has been little interest in the welfare of older children who are subject to such police powers. Drawing on police data, qualitative research and information obtained through Freedom of Information requests, this article considers the relationship between potentially corrosive stop and search practices, young people’s use of public space and the question of vulnerability. It is concluded that policy and practice around the use of such powers should be amended to take account of the specific needs of individuals under the age of 18, and that children’s welfare should be a central consideration.
Can models of organizational change help to understand ‘success’ and ‘failure’ in community sentences? Applying Kotter’s model of organizational change to an Integrated Offender Management case study
Authors: King Sam , Hopkins Matt , Cornish Neil
Published: December 2017

A number of nationally driven initiatives have led to significant changes in the framework of community sentences, with various agencies being required to work in ‘joined-up’ multi-agency arrangements. Most notable, perhaps, has been the increased working relationship between police and probation, most recently within Integrated Offender Management (IOM). Although these have produced some positive outcomes in relation to crime reduction, success is sporadic and often quite modest. Research has identified a number of barriers to successful implementation, and this article builds on this by drawing upon fresh empirical evidence to argue that the success of such schemes relies on the management of organizational change that will inevitably and necessarily occur. Applying Kotter’s model of organizational change to data generated from an evaluation of two IOM schemes in England, the article offers an explanatory account of the implementation of the schemes and the possible effect this had on efforts to reduce crime.
Practitioner (mis)understandings of coercive control in England and Wales
Authors: Robinson Amanda L , Myhill Andy , Wire Julia
Published: December 2017

Coercive control is harmful behaviour recently criminalized in England and Wales. The extent to which the work of practitioners is informed by an understanding of coercive control therefore requires investigation. Using data from two mixed methods multi-site studies, this article suggests that practitioners’ recognition of coercive control does not seem to be universally poor or skilled, but rather depends on the characteristics of the situation itself, the organizational context in which practitioners work and the stage at which they are evaluating whether coercive control is present. The absence of a clear understanding of the importance of coercive control when making judgements about victims and perpetrators has serious implications for the efficacy of current approaches to domestic abuse. Purposeful and systematic efforts to support practitioners to recognize and respond effectively to coercive control are required.
A propensity score analysis of a community resettlement programme for women prisoners
Authors: Sutherland Alex
Published: December 2017

This article presents results from a quasi-experimental evaluation of a prisoner resettlement project for women offenders. Overall the results show that there was no statistically discernible difference in the proven reoffending rate; but frequency of proven reoffending was higher for women who participated in the project compared to the matched comparison group. The approach taken here has broad relevance for those providing services in the community to offenders, as well as government agencies pushing through large-scale reforms to criminal justice as part of the Transforming Rehabilitation agenda. In mimicking the Ministry of Justice Datalab’s approach, this article also lays bare the strengths and limitations of this method when applied to interventions run by community organizations. Further implications for policy and research are discussed in the conclusion.
The politics of injustice: Sex-working women, feminism and criminalizing sex purchase in Ireland
Authors: McGarry Kathryn , FitzGerald Sharron A
Published: December 2017

This article interrogates the discursive framing of recent law and policy debates on criminalizing sex purchase in Ireland and the implications this has for sex workers’ political voice. Drawing on Nancy Fraser’s work on the political dimensions of justice, we look at how Irish neo-abolitionists, through their Turn Off the Red Light (TORL) campaign, map and delimit access to political space and consequently misframe, misrecognize and misrepresent the ‘problem’ of sex work and sex-working women. We employ the methodological framework suggested by Carol Bacchi’s What’s the Problem Represented to Be (WPR) approach to explore how TORL campaigners exercise and manage frame-setting in law and policy contexts to deny all ‘other’ voices parity of participation in political space. We argue these misframing strategies reflect meta-political injustices of misrepresentation.
‘Just a wee boy not cut out for prison’: Policy and reality in children and young people’s journeys through justice in Scotland
Authors: Nolan Deborah , Dyer Fiona , Vaswani Nina
Published: December 2017

Youth Justice policy in Scotland, under the ‘Whole System Approach’ (WSA), progressively espouses maximum diversion, minimum intervention and the use of alternatives to custody wherever possible. Yet Scotland still has one of the highest imprisonment rates in Europe. To explore this discrepancy, this qualitative study used individual interviews and focus groups to document the experiences of 14 young males aged 16 and 17 in one Scottish young offenders’ institution on their journeys to custody. Their experiences reveal the significant challenges faced in understanding, navigating and complying with the justice system, and also indicate that the consistent implementation of WSA is problematic. The disconnection between the intentions of the WSA policy and the practical implementation means that these vulnerable young people are not fully benefiting from the WSA. This article therefore highlights important gaps between policy, practice and lived experience in youth justice in Scotland.
Non-custodial deaths: Missing, ignored or unimportant?
Authors: Phillips Jake , Gelsthorpe Loraine , Padfield Nicola
Published: December 2017

This article presents the findings from two separate pieces of research that were conducted by the authors on deaths that occur within the criminal justice system, but outside custodial settings. The article begins with a review of the literature on deaths both within and outside custody before going through the research findings which inform the article. The overarching argument is that deaths outside custodial settings are less understood, and receive much less scrutiny and public attention than equivalent deaths that occur in custody. We explore the reasons for this neglect, drawing attention to policy, methodological and sociological factors. We conclude by reflecting on possible ways of overcoming this neglect by drawing on a body of work which argues in favour of an ethic of care.
Concepts of Health: And the Health Promoting Role of the Perioperative Nurse
Authors: Snape Dee
Published: December 2017

Health promotion is an important part of the work of a wide range of healthcare professionals. The United Kingdom Central Council (UKCC 1983) states that education is a statutory responsibility and one of the most important and challenging aspects of the nurse's role. The nurse has a professional as well as a moral responsibility to educate for health as well as to care for the sick (UKCC 1994).
Postoperative Pain Management in Paediatrics
Authors: Fisher Susan
Published: December 2017

Pain is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as ‘an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage’. It is now accepted that pain should be anticipated, and safely and effectively controlled, in all children, whatever their age, maturity or severity of illness (Fisher & Morton 1998).
The Burns Unit and theatre integration
Authors: O'boyle Donna
Published: December 2017

Disbanding the assigned burns theatre team at St John's Hospital had a major impact on perioperative care. Donna O'Boyle describes how, and what was done to rectify the situation, in her 3M/NATN Award commended work.
Risks for the New or Expectant Mother: Working in the Perioperative Environment
Authors: Gilmour Diane
Published: December 2017

Being pregnant is not an illness, and in the National Health Service, where the majority of the workforce are female, pregnancy should be regarded as part of everyday life. Yet the workplace can damage your health, and that of an unborn child, through hazardous substances such as chemicals, radiation, and anaesthetic gases; through work which involves moving and handling of loads; through stress, excessive hours or shift work; and for perioperative practitioners, through standing for long periods of time (Rogers et al 1999).
Supportive Pharmacology
Authors: Griffiths Rachelle , Plowes Dina
Published: December 2017

We continue to explore the basics of anaesthesia with another article from Rachelle Griffiths, this month looking at supportive pharmacology. If you think this looks too complicated for a Back to Basics piece, read it in small chunks - and be grateful that you are not my spelling checker, which has gone berserk! This Back to Basics series is drawing to a close soon. However, if you have suggestions for any more articles, or perhaps an article itself, then do contact me via Headquarters.
Decontamination and the Law: A Better Understanding
Authors: Hewitson Pat
Published: December 2017

A manufacturer is usually liable in law for a defective product; however, processors are also viewed as manufacturers. Theatre staff who sterilise and label products are also liable; a liability which exists for ten years. Pat Hewitson discusses the implications.
From the outside Looking in: The Surgical Approach
Authors: Clancy John , Mcvicar Andrew , Dye Louise
Published: December 2017

This series of articles will draw on Physiology and Anatomy, a homeostatic approach (hereafter referred to as ‘the reader’), written by John Clancy and Andrew McVicar. There will also be cross-references to the series of articles entitled ‘Homeostasis - the key concept to physiological control’ published in the British Journal of Theatre Nursing 1996-98. The articles will include some activities which the readers can carry out to test their understanding and deepen their knowledge base of the anatomy explored in each article. The introductory article will cover the common anatomical structures involved in the ‘surgical approach’, looking first at the anatomy and then relating it to surgical practice. Homeostasis is the key underlying principle to which the surgical practice will refer.
The Commitment
Authors: Fudge Lesley
Published: December 2017

In this new series of articles, Lesley Fudge explains the issues covered by the new NHS Improving Working Lives Standard. She begins by describing the basis for achieving the standard.
Nurse Autonomy Pain Control and Discharge from Recovery
Authors: Tanner Judith , Colwill Beverley
Published: December 2017

Beverley Colwill, the author of this article, was faced with the question, ‘Is it always necessary for patients to remain in the recovery room for 30 minutes following their last intravenous bolus dose of morphine?’ To try to find an answer, she carried out the literature search which is reported here.
The Role of an Acute Pain Service: An Overview
Authors: Williams Marilyn , Mackrodt Karen
Published: December 2017

This article aims to identify why acute pain services (APS) have developed over the last 12 years in many district general hospitals. Individual units differ slightly, but the philosophy remains the same in that they try to reduce the stress caused by pain in an acute phase whether surgically introduced or non-surgical in nature. It will endeavour to discuss the impact of an effective APS both on patient care as well as developing where the author sees the future role of APS teams.
Scrub Nurse Practice An Ethical Viewpoint
Authors: Wood Janet , Tanner Judith
Published: December 2017

There is a growing trend within perioperative practice for nurses to undertake dual roles as both scrubbed nurse and surgeon's first assistant. In this article, Janet Wood suggests that nurses are allowing themselves to be pressured into attempting to carry out both roles simultaneously. She fears that this puts nurses at risk of failing to satisfy both their legal and moral duty of care to their patients, and advises how to deal with this situation.
Local Anaesthetic Techniques in Ophthalmic Surgery
Authors: Carroll Carole
Published: December 2017

This article, which won third place in the Alison Bell Writer's Award this year, reports the findings of a literature review that explored the use of local anaesthetic techniques used in ophthalmic surgery. The author describes the various ophthalmic procedures that can take place under local anaesthetic and asks whether there is a need for an anaesthetist to be present for such lists. Issues such as patient monitoring requirements and intravenous access are also discussed, emphasising the importance of the nurse's role in informing, supporting and comforting the patient through what can be a stressful experience