bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da Educação a Distância da UFSM Baseada em Indicadores de Eficiência
Authors: Reisoli Bender Filho  , Lauren Kleinert Londero Saldanha
Published: June 2020

O estudo objetivou realizar uma avaliação dos cursos de graduação e de pós-graduação lato sensu a distância no âmbito UAB na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), baseado em indicadores de eficiência. Considerou-se todas as ofertas de curso de graduação e de pós-graduação UAB, desde 2005 até 2017. Utilizou-se de pesquisa descritiva e analítica de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo baseadas em informações acerca dos cursos UAB/UFSM para estruturar relatórios sobre as ofertas dos cursos e para gerar indicadores, visando, posteriormente, avaliação do desempenho. Em termos de resultados, o nível de desempenho dos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação UAB, em relação à eficiência, mostrou-se superior à taxa de conclusão de cursos superiores estimada pela Capes, porém quando comparada à modalidade presencial, apresentou resultados pouco inferiores quanto à taxa de conclusão. Ressalta-se que, alguns cursos apresentaram desempenho expressivo, inclusive em relação aos cursos na modalidade presencial.
Palavras-chave: Educação a distância. Universidade Aberta do Brasil. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Indicadores de eficiência.
NUEVO REGISTRO ALTITUDINAL DEL PAVÓN NOCTURNO NOTHOCRAX URUMUTUM (CRACIDAE) Y NOTAS SOBRE SU HISTORIA NATURAL
Authors: Medrano Vizcaíno Pablo , Rueda Adriana
Published: June 2020

El Pavón Nocturno Nothocrax urumutum (Cracidae) se distribuye en bosques amazónicos de tierras bajas de Venezuela, Colombia, Perú, Brasil y Ecuador. Es una especie mayormente nocturna que habita principalmente bajo los 400 m s.n.m. En esta nota reportamos el mayor registro altitudinal, a 1481 m s.n.m., en un área de bosque montano oriental, en la zona de amortiguamiento del Parque Nacional Llanganates, Ecuador. Además, presentamos registros de Sucumbíos que demuestran actividad diurna y vespertina, y comportamiento gregario. AbstractThe Nocturnal Curassow Nothocrax urumutum (Cracidae) is distributed in lowland Amazonian forests of Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Brazil and Ecuador. It is a primarily nocturnal species that inhabits mostly below 400 m a.s.l. In this note, we report the highest altitudinal record, at 1481 m a.s.l., in an Amazonian montane forest area in the buffer zone of Llanganates National Park, Ecuador. Further, we present records from Sucumbíos that indicate diurnal and evening activity and a gregarious behavior.
DIETA DEL CARACARA CRESTADO NORTEÑO CARACARA CHERIWAY (FALCONIFORMES: FALCONIDAE) EN EL ARCHIPIÉLAGO DE JAMBELÍ, SUROESTE DE ECUADOR
Authors: Orihuela Torres Adrian Antonio , Ordóñez-Delgado Leonardo , Brito Jorge
Published: June 2020

Presentamos el primer reporte sobre la ecología trófica del Caracara Crestado Norteño Caracara cheriway en Ecuador, por medio del análisis de egagrópilas colectadas en el archipiélago de Jambelí, provincia de El Oro. Las presas más representativas fueron los mamíferos (39,4%), seguidos de insectos (29%), reptiles (13,2%) y aves (10,5%). Los mamíferos aportaron el mayor porcentaje de biomasa (83,3%), seguidos por reptiles (8,5%) y aves (7,3%). Si bien C. cheriway es un consumidor generalista altamente oportunista, su dieta se constituyó principalmente de presas vivas en nuestra área de estudio, quedando en segundo plano el consumo de carroña.
Eficacia de fenilefrina en la prevención de hipotensión en cesárea bajo anestesia subaracnoidea
Authors: Puentes-Vega Nelly Johanna , Meléndez-Flórez Héctor Julio , Alvarado-Arteaga Jorge de Lujan
Published: June 2020

Introducción: la hipotensión es el evento adverso más incidente cuando se administra anestesia subaracnoidea para cesárea; múltiples estrategias para su prevención y manejo se han propuesto, entre ellas el uso de vasopresores profilácticos con resultados no concluyentes. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia preventiva del uso de Fenilefrina en la hipotensión arterial inducida por la anestesia subaracnoidea en gestantes llevadas a cesárea. Materiales y Métodos: ensayo clínico controlado, doble ciego, en gestantes, mayores de 18 años, ASA 1 y 2, quienes recibieron anestesia subaracnoidea para cesárea, fueron aleatorizadas a recibir placebo o infusión profiláctica de fenilefrina 40 mcg/min, durante 5 minutos. Resultados: se incluyeron140 pacientes en el análisis de datos. La incidencia de hipotensión fue mayor en el grupo control que en el intervenido (RA 45,71% vs 32,85%). Sin presentarse diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos (p=0,119). RR de hipotensión en el grupo intervenido fueron menores, independiente del criterio de hipotensión (tensión arterial sistólica, RR 0,72 (IC95% 0,47-1,09); tensión arterial media, RR 0.93 (IC95% 0,64-1,37); TAS o TAM RR 0.86 (IC95% 0,62-1,21)), pero sin diferencias significativas p>0,05. El uso de vasopresores en los pacientes que presentaron este evento se dio en 75.4% (n=52), con RR mayor en el grupo control y diferencias significativas al evaluar los dos grupos. (RR: 1,4 p=0,032). Conclusiones: fenilefrina profiláctica no demostró ser eficaz en disminuir la incidencia de hipotensión; sin embargo, sí se asocia con una disminución significativa en los requerimientos de vasopresores, así como en la incidencia de náuseas y vómito. MÉD.UIS. 2018;31(2):33-9.
Los probióticos: alimentos funcionales para lactantes
Authors: Cardona-Arengas Marbe Alexandra , López-Marín Beatriz Estella
Published: June 2020

La nutrición y salud de los lactantes es de vital importancia en la sociedad actual. Los probióticos surgen como suplementos para la innovación de alimentos funcionales para lactantes. El objetivo de esta revisión fue conocer cuáles probióticos son los más empleados en el desarrollo de nuevos productos alimenticios funcionales para lactantes. Se contó con más de cincuenta referencias bibliográficas que tuvieran el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales a partir de una bacteria probiótica y sus beneficios en salud, publicadas en las siguientes bases de datos: EBSCO HOST, PLOS y DOAJ. Se encontró que el Bacillus coagulans surge como una alternativa que mejora las condiciones de biodisponibilidad, y se encontraron estudios que indagan por beneficios de los probióticos en el aspecto antropométrico. Reconociendo los beneficios de los probióticos en la salud de los lactantes, su aplicación exige mayor cumplimiento de criterios de la Sociedad Europea de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica. MÉD.UIS.2019;32(2): 31-9
Miasis genital como complicación de circuncisión debido a fimosis: reporte de caso
Authors: Mena Galviz Liseth Susana , Torrado-Arenas Daniel Mauricio , Pereira-Tapia Adán , Ballestas-Armario Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2020

La circuncisión es un procedimiento quirúrgico de baja complejidad; el riesgo de complicaciones oscila entre el 0,2 a 5%, siendo la miasis un hecho poco frecuente. Para su tratamiento, principalmente se extraen las larvas, y se administran antiparasitarios y antibióticos para prevenir la infección secundaria. El objetivo del artículo es reportar el caso de un adulto masculino, quien presentó miasis genital posterior a una circuncisión y biopsia. En la mayoría de los casos, la miasis es accidental en humanos, y su verdadera incidencia es difícil de establecer debido al subregistro. La mala higiene, el bajo nivel socioeconómico y el hacinamiento son factores de riesgo importantes para adquirirla, además de la excesiva exposición del hospedero potencial a las moscas. Es fundamental realizar un correcto tratamiento de heridas y un seguimiento estricto del paciente que recibe manejo quirúrgico. MÉD.UIS.2019;32(2):41-6
Luxación de la articulación temporomandibular: a propósito de un caso y su diagnóstico diferencial
Authors: Alarcón-Ariza Diego Fernando , Zambrano-Jerez Laura Cristina , Sosa-Vesga Cristian David , Pardo-Parra Laura Marcela
Published: June 2020

La luxación temporomandibular es infrecuente, pero genera gran repercusión en el esqueleto facial. En ocasiones el cuadro clínico inicial es inespecífico y puede confundirse con otras patologías si no se tiene un adecuado conocimiento del tema, o se realiza una anamnesis incorrecta. Este artículo presenta el caso de una paciente que consultó al servicio de urgencias por disartria y desviación de la comisura labial hacia la izquierda, asociado a dolor severo y parestesia en hemicara derecha. No obstante, al ingreso la paciente refirió síntomas ambiguos, que para el médico evaluador sugirieron una causa neurológica. Durante la observación se solicitó valoración por servicio de cirugía plástica, se logró orientación de la anamnesis y examen físico, obteniendo una impresión diagnóstica de luxación de articulación temporomandibular derecha, confirmada por imagenología, y por ende un tratamiento oportuno con reducción e inmovilización en el servicio de urgencias. MÉD.UIS.2019;32(3):49-54
Teologia duchowości jako dyscyplina naukowa. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Chmielewski Marek
Published: June 2020

Wśród specjalności oferowanych przez wydziały teologiczne na uniwersytetach i uczelniach często znajduje się teologia duchowości. Oznacza to, że jest to pełnoprawna dyscyplina naukowa. Ma ona swoją historię, własną nazwę, która ją identyfikuje, przedmiot badań, konkretne źródła i odpowiednią metodę badawczą. Na poziomie uniwersyteckim teologią duchowości zajmuje się wielu naukowców, których osiągnięcia są uznawane i doceniane w świecie nauki. Oprócz struktur uniwersyteckich, w których prowadzone są badania i dydaktyka oraz zwoływane konferencje, teologowie duchowości tworzą organizacje i stowarzyszenia posiadające osobowość prawną.

Artykuł ma na celu pogłębienie wyżej wymienionych zagadnień, biorąc pod uwagę polskie środowisko teologiczne i kościelne.

Znajomość głównych kwestii metodologicznych jest bardzo ważna dla każdego zaangażowanego teologa, rzetelnej pracy naukowej, a także jego powołania w Kościele.
Investigating the wastewater treatment system of the Tehran Oil Industry Research Institute using the Life Cycle Assessment Method
Authors: Eskandari Ashgofti Afsaneh , Morovati Maryam , Alaiee Ebrahim , Alavi Kamelia
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Due to population growth and subsequent limited water resources, the use of treatment plant effluents is of particular importance. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the environmental effects of the treatment plant and also to identify critical points or weaknesses of the treatment plant system and provide corrective action to reduce the severity of the effects.
 Methods: After visiting the research institute and collecting data (during the years 2017-2018), the energy, consuming materials and output of the system were calculated using the life cycle assessment method. Finally, information on the spread of pollution and consumption was included in the list of index effects. To analyze the obtained information, Simapro software (using ILCD 2011 Midpoint V1.03 method) version 8.5.0.0. was applied.
Results: Based on the research findings, the software depicted the evaluation of the effects in 13 categories and all the information entered in the software according to the impact, has participated in each category of effects, the most effective factors related to chloride, energy consumption and oil.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that the main critical point identified in the treatment plant is related to electricity and the sanitary effluent is in a worse condition than the industrial effluent. However, the environmental impact of industrial effluents should not be neglected. Due to the fact that the MBR method is considered as one of the best methods of wastewater treatment, it is not recommended to change the treatment method, but with continuous monitoring and management of the system, it is possible to reduce the consumption of raw materials.
THE INTONATION PATTERN OF INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON THE LEARNING OF MAHĀRAH AL-KALĀM AMONG ARABIC LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDENTS
Authors: Musthofa Tulus , Azizah Samirotul
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Ideally, students as future educators of the Arabic language are required to possess competent language skills. However, it was discovered that the students were still lacking knowledge and skills in speaking with accurate intonation. Therefore, the researchers aimed to analyze the application of the intonation pattern to the students. This research examined the intonation pattern of interrogative sentences of Arabic Education students and its acceptance by native speakers as well as its implications on the learning of mahārah al-kalām.

Methodology: Data sources in this research consisted of primary data and secondary data. Documentation, interview, and observation methods were used for data collection. The data was processed digitally with the Praat version 6.1.01 program.

Main Findings: The results were that students could apply the intonation pattern of Arabic interrogative sentences and were accepted by native speakers with varied acceptance values.

Implications/Applications: The implications of the learning mahārah al-kalām demonstrated that students and lecturers could apply the principles and fulfil the components of Arabic in general.

Novelty/Originality of this study: Inaccuracy in concluding by listeners of messages delivered by speakers can occur due to misperceptions caused by the use of unsuitable intonation patterns. The inaccuracy in applying this intonation pattern also occurs in the speech of Arabic education students. However, currently, there is no research that further inquiries the results obtained in the realm of foreign language education, particularly on speaking skills. This study has investigated the application of the interrogative sentence intonation patterns spoken by students and their implications for learning speaking skills.
THE MATURE PERSONALITY IN THE DIALOGUE BETWEEN SERAT TASAWUF AND PSYCHOLOGY
Authors: Rohmayani Yani , Nurhayati Ma’mun Titin , Kosasih Ade , Hazmirullah
Published: June 2020

Purpose: This article examined Serat Tasawuf, a manuscript written using Pegon script in the Sundanese language. This manuscript, a collection of the National Library of Indonesia, is important to study because it contains three accurate recipes for those who seek happiness in this world and the Hereafter.

Methodology: By using descriptive-analytical methods, the contents of the manuscript were then engaged with psychology, especially with the theory of personality developed by Gordon Willard Allport.

Main Findings: The results showed that the contents of the Serat Tasawuf manuscript indicate a need for the formation of a mature personality that must begin in the first phases after birth. It also requires each individual to have an understanding of the basic tasks and functions as worshippers as well as social beings. Each individual must be directed to “learn to be themselves” and “learn to live together”.

Implications/Applications: The content of the Serat Tasawuf Manuscript provides an understanding of the basic tasks and functions as worshippers as well as social beings. Thus, each individual must be directed to “learn to be themselves” and “learn to live together”.

Novelty/Originality of Current Study: Since the beginning of its presence, the Islamic texts have formed a cultural identity of the ethnic diversity of the people who produce them. There are many other religious texts in the archipelago that are connected to Islamic thinkers in the Arab world. This study has explored the Serat Tasawuf manuscript, an ancient manuscript that was born in the Sunda region, West Java. This study highlights guidelines for those who are in search of happiness in this world and the Hereafter.
THE IMPACT OF PERSONALITY TRAITS ON GLASS CEILING BELIEFS AMONG WOMEN ADVOCATES' CAREER DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Nisha P. , Vasumathi A.
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Over the last two decades, India has positively responded to its call, however, as an emerging economy by creating many new kinds of "global" legal work environments that offer and attract gender-neutral benefits for its associates. Yet, there are issues to be addressed to enable a hassle-free development system for the women Advocates. Although there are a large number of women advocates increasing in recent years, in the highest levels of their career they are still in the exception. Methodology: The primary data were collected from 140 women Advocates, Chennai District, Tamil Nadu, India. The data were analyzed by using statistical tools such as Chi-square, Correlation, ANOVA, Percentage analysis. Main Findings: It was observed from the study that women encounter issues in all identified fields, which affects job satisfaction and the growth of women's profession as lawyers. Thus, it is vital to take measures to enhance the participation level of women lawyers by minimizing the glass ceiling issues. The study mainly focuses on the impact of personality traits on glass ceiling beliefs primarily among Women Advocates in achieving career development. The study reveals the positive impact of personality traits on career growth. It also finds that career growth was significantly affected by socioeconomic factors. Applications of this study: This study would be useful to the women advocates, who are facing glass ceiling barriers that affect their career development. This study would also be helpful to other women employees who are working in various industrial sectors. Novelty/Originality of this study: Male dominance in the workplace is still strong, and the glass ceiling effect or the barriers stopping the female employees from getting-go top-level positions, which occurs both in developed and developing countries. Many studies indicate the glass ceiling factors on women employees' career development. This article mainly focuses on how women advocates achieve their career success by overcoming the glass ceiling barriers and beliefs. Thus, the study is unique as it plays a crucial role in finding how the impact of personality traits on women advocates glass ceiling beliefs affect their career development.
CIVIL PATRIOTISM GROUPS IN REGIONAL COMMUNITIES IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA
Authors: V. Vereshchagina Anna , V. Lubsky Anatoly , G. Volkov Yuriy , V. Pechkurov Ilya , A. Aslanov Yakov
Published: June 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to study groups of civil patriotism and to highlight the features of their civil-Patriotic practices in local communities in the South of Russia.

Methodology: The sociological investigation utilized quantitative and subjective strategies, just as techniques for hypothetical understanding of the acquired experimental information. The basis of the scientific study of common nationalism bunches in Russia in the South of Russia was a lot of wellsprings of experimental data, including the aftereffects of a sociological report directed by an individual poll "up close and personal" in five subjects of the Russian Federation in the South of Russia.

Result: The results of the sociological study made it possible to distinguish two social groups in regional communities – youth and the "over 60" generation, which are currently the social basis for the development of civic patriotism, whose representatives are characterized by a desire for active social action for the good of the fatherland and its people, participation in civil practices aimed at protecting social interests, civil rights and freedoms, as well as readiness for civil liability for their deeds and actions both in the field of professional activity and in everyday life.

Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.

Novelty/Originality: The results of a sociological study show that in local communities in the South of Russia, no more than 10% of the population can be classified as civil patriotism groups.
FOREIGN STUDENT IN A RUSSIAN UNIVERSITY: TRENDS OF CHOICE, PROBLEMS OF ADAPTATION AND FORMATION OF RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Dan Chzhao , D. Rozin Mikhail , P. Svechkarev Valery , I. Mareev Vladimir , A. Aslanov Yakov
Published: June 2020

Purpose of the study: The object of this paper is to provide a sociological analysis of the situation related to educational process and organization of foreign students in Russian universities in ratings and relationships of students from China that will help to identify the real problems of adaptation to new conditions of socio-cultural and educational space.

Methodology: The fundamental basis of this study is an observational one - an overview of the subject "Investigation of Satisfaction with the Organization of Chinese under studies' life at Russian Universities". N = 615, speaking to Chinese understudies concentrating in Russian colleges. The portrayal of sociological data is given by a multi-stage defined example with quantity determination of units of perception on the last advance.

Results: Preparing of remote understudies in China and Russia ought to completely utilize worldwide experience and training to create first-class universal seriousness, build up the status of China and Russia as nations of ground-breaking instruction on the world training market, reinforce the national security of China and Russia.

Applications of this study: In this study, the barriers to intercultural change in the field of globalization and integration of Eurasia, large educational systems such as Chinese and Russian have been identified that can be used in the global-scale analysis.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The scientific novelty of this research consists in the presentation of adaptation and intercultural transformation strategy of foreign students’ educational process in Russian universities in the context of globalization and Eurasian integration of socio-cultural and educational space.
GENDER HARMONIZATION IN AL MU’ĀSHARAH
Authors: Riza Yulfira , Nurhayati Mamun Titin , Syarief Hidayat I , Ikhwan
Published: June 2020

Purpose: This study aims to describe gender harmonization in al Mu'āsharah's manuscript by Sheikh Abdul Laṭīf Syakūr. This concept is considered as Syakūr's understanding of gender equality, as one of the 17 goals in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), from an Islamic perspective.

Methodology: The analysis of this manuscript uses a descriptive-analytic method to bring up the facts in the manuscript which are then analyzed according to the targets and indicators contained in SDGs 5 formulation on gender equality.

Main Findings: This research presents the concept of gender relations in al Mu’āsharah leading to Islamic gender equality as an elaboration of rights and obligations between husband and wife. The existence of women in career and the sustainability of education is fairness according to Shakūr. Likewise, in sexual relations, Syakūr stressed the importance of women getting the same thing as men. Through this research, it is found that there is gender harmonization presented by Shakūr in al mu’āsharah with the concept of fastabiqulkhairat as a form of gender relations in an Islamic family towards real gender equality.

Implications/Applications: This research provides an overview of the role of gender harmonization in SDG.

Novelty/Originality of this study: Gender equality, which is the goal of the SDGs 5 to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls, has relevance to ancient manuscripts of the archipelago. This study highlights that gender equality can be enjoyed by the people of the archipelago following the evolving culture and customs. Just like the actual gender equality goals of the SDGs, women should be honored and respected, to create a gender equality discourse.
CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL PROBLEM: AGRARIAN CONFLICT
Authors: Akhmad Nulhaqim Soni , Fedryansyah Muhammad , Nuriyah Hidayat Eva , Astuti Wahyu Nurhayati Dwi
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Agrarian conflict is the outcome of the land policy that includes problems in land administration and land use. This research aims to analyse the agrarian conflict phenomenon as one of the contemporary social problems in Indonesia by referring to the aspects of agrarian conflict causes, agrarian conflict as a social problem, and impacts and resolutions of agrarian conflict.

Methodology: This research adopted a descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected by studying literature and previous research. Causes of agrarian conflict included agrarian reform policy that was still blocked by the disorganised land administration, corruption issue, and land control of some groups.

Main Findings: That condition shoved various moves to generate resistance, notably people who suffered from the poor agrarian reform policy that resulted in agrarian conflict. The agrarian conflict occurred in several sectors such as plantation, property, infrastructure, agriculture, forestry, marine, and mining. In each sector, agrarian conflict was caused by distinct factors. Agrarian conflict is classified as a social problem since it is undergone by many people; it is an unpleasant situation, and it is a condition demanding a resolution that must be done through collective social action. Impacts of agrarian conflict involved casualties, criminalisation, and job losses, which were suffered by people as the victims of the conflict. Efforts to resolve agrarian conflict generally adopt litigation and non-litigation approaches. The litigation approach is performed in court, while a non-litigation approach is carried out via negotiation, mediation, repressive approach, and community-based approach through the empowerment of local people.

Implications: In resolving agrarian conflicts, it is recommended to adopt a non-litigation approach to achieve conflict resolution as a win-win solution and prioritise the parties’ concerns involved in the conflict. One of the non-litigation approaches is known as community-based conflict resolution.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The current study is unique as it contributes to the literature by highlighting the conflict and problems aroused in the agrarian society and reforms developed against them. It will also shed light on the agrarian conflict phenomenon as one of the contemporary social problems in Indonesia.
Current Application Of Achillea Millefoilum L. Based In Uses Mentioned By Ibn Rushd. A Review.
Authors: Olimat Suleiman
Published: June 2020

Background: This is a specific review of Achillea millefoilum L. (Yarrow), known as Qaisum in Arabic, focusing in the current application.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to confirm the uses of Achillea millefoilum  mentioned by Ibn Rushd with modern scientific and pharmacological research.

Study Design:  Achillea millefoilum  is listed among other medicinal plants in the ancient book  “Al-Kulliyat Fi A-Tibb”, written by the famous Andulasi Philosopher Ibn Rushd. The focus of the study is to review only  the uses mentioned in the book, review up to date literature (e.g. Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus) and analyzing the current pharmacological properties in link to the active constituents of the plant.

Results: Ethnopharmacological research confirming the uses mention by Ibn Rusd, such as alopecia and its relation with castor oil and pumpkin, in addition to its application for the treatment of skin disorders. 

Conclusion: The results give further insights into the pharmacological activity of A.  millefolium   and confirm the different uses mentioned by Ibn Rusd.
AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ MARKASI OLARAK SLOGANLAR
Authors: ÖZSOY Özge
Published: June 2020

Reklamcılıkta kullanılan kısa ve vurucu veya hatırlanabilir ifade olarak tanımlanabilen sloganlar, Avrupa Birliği (AB) Markası olarak tescil edilmektedir. AB’de slogan markalarının hukuki altyapısını 89/104/AET sayılı Konsey Direktifi ile 40/94/AT sayılı Konsey Tüzüğü oluşturmaktadır. Markayı oluşturan işaretler arasında sözcükler de sayıldığı için, her ne kadar sloganlar marka tanımına özel olarak dahil edilmese de, diğer sözcük markaları gibi tescil edilebilir. Ancak, ayırt edici olmayan ve tanımlayıcı olan sloganlar tescil edilemez. AB Adalet Divanı (ABAD) sloganların ayırt ediciliğini tespit etmenin daha zor olduğunu kabul etmekte ama bu gerçek, sloganlardan başka işaretler için konulan şartlardan daha sıkı şartlar koymayı haklı göstermemektedir. ABAD’a göre, sırf ilgili tüketici kesiminin markayı tanıtım formülü olarak algılaması ve markanın övücü niteliği nedeniyle başka teşebbüsler tarafından ilke olarak kullanılabileceği gerçeği, tek başına bu markanın ayırt edici özellikten yoksun olduğu sonucunu desteklemek için yeterli değildir. Halk markayı o işletmesel kökenin işareti olarak algıladığı sürece, markanın aynı zamanda tanıtım formülü olarak anlaşılması gerçeği ayırt edici özelliği üzerinde hiçbir etkiye sahip değildir. Son olarak, ABAD’ın sloganları sözcük markalarının bir alt grubu olarak görmediğini açıkça ortaya koyabiliriz. Nitekim, davaların incelenmesinden ABAD’ın son yıllarda sloganların ayırt ediciliği için daha esnek kriterler uyguladığı aşikardır. Bu nedenle, ayırt ediciliği belirleme konusunda sözcük markalarından daha sıkı şartlar uygulanmamalıdır.
Czas wolny i aktywność społeczna starszych wiekiem mieszkańców Białegostoku
Authors: Halicki Jerzy
Published: June 2020

Artykuł oparty jest na materiale pochodzącym z badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśród osób starszych (65+) zamieszkałych w Białymstoku. Jego celem jest analiza sytuacji obecnej oraz zarejestrowanie zmian, które zaszły w obszarze aktywności społecznej seniorów na przestrzeni dwudziestu lat. Okazuje się, że bardziej aktywne w starości są osoby zdrowsze, lepiej wykształcone, z lepszym zabezpieczeniem materialnym, zadowolone z życia. Aktywność społeczna jest też bardziej domeną kobiet niż mężczyzn oraz w większym stopniu dotyczy seniorów z młodszych kohort wieku.
Exlibris Biblioteka Gerontologii Społecznej
Authors: Fabiś Artur
Published: June 2020

Krótka informacja o czasopiśmie.
HISTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE ELONGATED ESOPHAGUS IN EXPERIMENT
Authors: Rekhviashvili M. G. , Shalatonin M. P. , Dydykin S. S. , Savvin M. Yu.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Traction and convergence of atreseal ends of the esophagus with subsequent anastomosis is the most common technique for treating newborns with the fistulous form of esophagus atresia. The performed literature analysis did not reveal any researches aiming to study the correlation between a postoperative histological picture and diastasis length between atresial esophageal ends. Purpose. To assess the potential for modeling esophageal surgeries with biological models; to study and analyze the histological picture of operated esophagus and its correlation with the diastasis distance between atresial ends. Material and methods. Rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 5 in each group). Rats from Group 1 had a standard surgery with the end-to-end esophageal anastomosis and artificially created diastasis of 1.0 cm by esophageal segment resection. Rats from Group 2 had a similar surgery but without any esophageal segment resection; so, the anastomosis in them was put without diastasis and significant tension of esophageal ends. Rats from Group 3 did not have any surgery; they were controls. The experimental rats were monitored daily for seven postoperative days. Results. There was no any significant macroscopic difference in the esophagus length in traction, nontraction and control groups. However, microscopic examination revealed that mucous and muscular membranes thickness in the esophagus, as a rule, was slightly thinner in the traction group. Despite the muscle layer thinning, hypertrophy of muscle fibers, lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with some eosinophilic leukocytes as well as signs of perifocal epitheliotropism were noted.
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF LAPAROSCOPIC ADRENALECTOMY IN CHILDREN WITH BENIGN ADRENAL TUMORS
Authors: Poddubny I. V. , Oganesyan R. S. , Tolstov K. N. , Kareva M. A.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Despite of almost 30-year world experience in mini-invasive adrenalectomy in non-oncologic pediatric patients, this issue remains not fully understood and systematized in the domestic literature. Material and methods. Our work is based on 67 laparoscopic adrenalectomies performed in 65 patients, aged from 3 months to 17 years, with predominantly benign neoplasms. Despite of a thorough preoperative examination of each patient, we met malignant neoplasms in 7 cases: 4 - adrenocortical cancer and 3 - neuroblastomas (further they were treated by oncologists). Location of the neoplasms was as follows: right-sided - 31, left-sided - 26, bilateral - 8 (6 patients out of them had bilateral simultaneous removal). Average size of the removed formations was 4.65 ± 1.29 cm (maximum 12 cm). Results and discussion. The vast majority of detected adrenal neoplasms are removed. Exceptions may be neoplasms less than 4 cm in diameter with the native density less than 10 HU by computed tomography; however, they should be actively monitored by specialists. If a malignant process is suspected, patients should be examined more thoroughly and should be treated in specialized hospitals. Nowadays, a minimally invasive and safe surgical treatment of neoplasms in the adrenal glands depends on the experience and trainings of surgeons and anesthesiologists, as well as on the equipment in the operating room. A key to the successful treatment of patients with benign adrenal neoplasms is a specific attention to curative peculiarities in such patients as well as an adequate sequence of actions during laparoscopic adrenalectomy in its main stage, namely, ligation of the central adrenal vein.
INDIRECT CALORIMETRY AS AN OBJECTIVE TECHNIQUE FOR ASSESSING ENERGY NEEDS OF PATIENTS IN CRITICAL STATES
Authors: Glebova E. S. , Ivanova-Davidova E. V. , Amcheslavsky V. G.
Published: June 2020

Background. Nutrition is one of the most important aspects of intensive care. While working over the nutritive program, one should take into account patient’s energy needs, which lie in a narrow range - to avoid under- or overfeeding. Purpose. To compare modern approaches to metabolic rate assessment in patients in ICU and to find the most effective one. Material and methods. The researchers have analyzed published data of clinical trials on metabolic monitoring in Russia and abroad. Results. After the scientific articles had been analyzed, it became evident that current calculation approaches cannot be considered reliable in pediatric clinical practice, especially in ICU. Thus, the indirect calorimetry, as an objective technique for calculating energy needs in patients, should be used in pediatric practice.
LAPAROSCOPIC ANASTOMOSIS IN THE ATRESIA OF SMALL BOWEL
Authors: Kozlov Y. A. , Rasputin A. A. , Kovalkov K. A. , Baradieva P. Zh. , Ochirov C. B. , Poloyan S. S. , Kapuller V. M.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. A complete laparoscopic intestinal anastomosis remains a challenge for pediatric surgeons. The aim of the study is to demonstrate its effectiveness in patients with small bowel atresia. Material and methods. This article describes laparoscopic surgery in a patient with small bowel atresia of type I. During laparoscopy, stitches were placed on the blind end of the atresia segment of the intestine to stabilize the movable intestinal segment; the stitches were passed transdermally to the outside. The design of the laparoscopic anastomosis did not differ from that of the open technique proposed by Jannie Louw. At the final stage of the trial, the researchers assessed immediate and long-term results after this new surgical intervention. Results. Laparoscopic intervention for small bowel atresia of type I was performed on the second day of life. The surgery lasted for 75 minutes. No complications were registered during it. The enteral nutrition was started after the decrease in the rate of losses in the gastric tube lower than 10 ml / kg / day. It was on day 3 after the surgery. A gradual increase in the volume of feeding promoted patient’s transfer to the full enteral nutrition on day 7 after the surgery. Next day, the baby was discharged from the hospital. Early follow-up revealed no any signs of anastomosis failure. One-year follow-up revealed no signs of impaired intestinal transit too. Conclusion. It seems that the care of small bowel atresia has taken a significant step forward. Anastomoses constructed laparoscopically in such patients are not only a possible option, they have demonstrated their effectiveness and safety as well.
DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS OF SKULL BONES - PARIETAL FORAMINA (A CASE REPORT)
Authors: Okunev N. A. , Okuneva A. I. , Teplova N. S. , Bystrova I. G. , Grishutkina I. A.
Published: June 2020

Malformations of the skull bones occur in impaired development of the embryo or fetus in the antenatal period. They are discovered at birth or in early childhood, and more often at child’s examination. Malformations of the skull bones described in the article were in the form of parietal foramina and were diagnosed accidentally without any child’s active complaints. However, at the CT scan of child’s father, a similar defect was found in his skull parietal bones. So, it can be stated that such a defect has a genetic predisposition.
FIBRO-ADIPOSE VASCULAR ANOMALY IS A NEW DIAGNOSIS IN THE PRACTICE OF A PEDIATRIC VASCULAR SURGEON. EXPERIENCE IN DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT
Authors: Narbutov A. G. , Sukhov M. N. , Serkov I. I. , Garbuzov R. V. , Kletskaya I. S.
Published: June 2020

The article discusses results of surgical treatment of 25 children, aged 1 to 14, with fibro-adipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) of lower extremities. The patients were treated in Pirogov Russian Pediatric Clinical Hospital in 2015-2019. Diagnostic findings are presented; basic features of the discussed pathology are described. As the obtained results have shown, in the authors’ opinion, the discussed surgical approach turned to be quite effective, since it significantly improves the quality of life, and in some cases brings complete disappearance of complaints and symptoms in patients with FAVA.
VOLUME OF SURGERY IN THE PRIMARY CLOSURE OF BLADDER IN CHILDREN WITH BLADDER EXSTROPHY
Authors: Rudin Y. E. , Sokolov Yu. Yu. , Rudin A. Yu. , Kirsanov A. S. , Medvedeva N. V. , Kartseva E. V.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Bladder exstrophy is one of the most complex malformations in pediatric urology. Material and methods. In 1996-2019, 112 children with bladder exstrophy, aged 2 -32 days, had a “primary bladder repair” in St Vladimir Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital. All children (112) were divided into groups depending on dimensions of the cystic area: large bladder size (over 5 cm) - 39 (34.8%) patients; average size (35-50 mm) - 43 (38.9%); small size (less than 35mm) - 31 children (27.6%). Subgroup “A” - 77 patients (68.7%) were treated in 1996 - 2012, and the primary bladder closure was performed at their neonatal period regardless of the area size. Subgroup “B” - 35 children (31.2%), operated on in 2013-2019, had various volume surgeries depending on clinical manifestations. These groups are homogeneous and comparable in age and manifestations. Results. Complications after surgery were seen in 20 children (25%) from Subgroup “A”: exstrophy relapse - 14 (18%), divergence of bladder neck - 6 (7%). The outcome analysis has shown that the highest rate of exstrophy relapses and cervical divergence was observed in children with microcystis - 15 (57.4%) out of 21. In Subgroup “B”, exstrophy relapse was observed in 1 (2.8%) child with an average bladder size; cervical divergence - in 2 (5.6%) children with an average size and in 2 (5.6%) with microcystis. The number of complications in children with microcystis was reduced from 15 out of 21 children (71%) in Subgroup “A” to 2 out of 10 patients (20%) in Subgroup “B”. Conclusion. A differentiated approach to the choice of surgery volume and proposed additional measures lead to better bladder growth and better urine retention after the first surgery.
PECULIARITIES OF DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF PARAPROCTITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Kuzmin A. I. , Munin A. G. , Barskaya M. A. , Terekhina M. I. , Zavyalkin V. A. , Shifrin G. I.
Published: June 2020

Relevance. Children with acute and chronic paraproctitis constitute 1-3% of hospitalized subjects with purulent surgical infection. Purpose. To study specific features of paraproctitis in children and to analyze outcomes of treatment. Material and methods. Case-histories of 218 children with acute and chronic paraproctitis were analyzed. Microbiological culture for pathogen identification was taken from paraproctitis focus, breast milk, from feces for conditionally pathogenic flora. The researchers also studied anamnesis, type of feeding, results of ultrasound examination of the perianal area and histological test of the material taken during surgery. Results. Patients with subcutaneous and subcutaneous-submucous paraproctitis constituted 95.5% [1]. The majority of patients with subcutaneous and subcutaneous-submucous paraproctitis - up to 62,5% - were children of the first 6 months of their life. The researchers defined age and etiopathogenic aspects of paraproctitis in children; the impact of provoking factors at acute paraproctitis as well as the specificity of chronic paraprocitis course and its treatment. 76 patients with acute paraproctitis had bottle and mixed feeding for the first 6 months of their life with further developed intestinal dysbiosis. In 112 children, conditionally pathogenic microorganisms were identified in 91 (81,2%) at the first year of their life. Ultrasound examination was sensitive for acute and chronic paraproctitis in about 90% [2, 3]. With the developed intestinal dysbiosis and immunological features of children at their first year of life , the process of acute paraproctitis was caused by the causal anal crypt and abnormal ducts of anal glands. It is considered to be the first step in fistula formation (fistulous abscess) [4-6]. The Gabriel surgery performed in acute paraproctitis was pathogenically verified because due to it one of the pathogenic steps was erradicated- pararectal fistula formation [7-11]. Disease relapse (pararectal fistula) was met in 7 patients. In average, hospitalization lasted for 7.1 days in acute paraproctitis and 8.4 in chronic paraproctitis. Conclusion. On analyzing etiopahogenic features of acute subcutaneous and subcutaneous-submucous paraproctitis, the authors recommend to perform a one-step surgical intervention.
APPENDICULAR PERITONITIS IN CHILDREN: AN EFFICIENT SURGICAL APPROACH AND INTENSIVE CARE
Authors: Karaseva O. V. , Utkina K. E. , Gorelik A. L. , Timofeeva A. V. , Golikov D. E. , Ivanova T. F. , Roshal L. M.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Currently, there is no any unified approach to the treatment of complicated forms of acute appendicitis in children. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the local Protocol for diagnostics and treatment of appendicular peritonitis (AP) in children. Material and methods. 149 children with AP, aged 2 - 17 (11 ± 3.5 ), were included into the study. All of them were treated at the Clinical and Research Institute Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma (CRIEPST) in 2015-2018. In the gender structure, boys (104; 69.8%) prevailed over girls (45; 30.2%). The following parameters were evaluated: AP structure, surgical tactics, postoperative course (incidence of postoperative intestinal failure syndrome (IFS), postoperative complications, length of hospital stay). A tactics for surgical treatment and volume of intensive care in the postoperative period were defined depending on AP severity and according to the local Protocol. Laparoscopic appendectomy was performed in 145 (97.3%) patients. There were no intraoperative complications and conversions in the studied group. In case of periappendiular abscess (PA) 3 (2.7%), patients had puncture and abscess drainage under ultrasound control. Results. While analyzing the AP structure by forms , the following picture was shown: free and abscessed forms were approximately equal - 72 (48.3%) and 77 (51.7%), respectively (p > 0.05). Diffuse peritonitis - 31.5%; generalized - 16.8%; combined - 17.4%; periappendicular abscess (PA) stage 1-14.8%; PA 2-16.8%; PA 3-2.7%. Postoperative complications - 4 (2.7%): postoperative abdominal abscesses - 3 (2.0%); early adhesive intestinal obstruction - 1 (0.7%). In postoperative abscesses, puncture and drainage were performed under ultrasound control; in early adhesive intestinal obstruction - laparoscopic adhesiolysis. All the children recovered. Length of intensive care was 2.9 ± 1.8 days; hospitalization - 12.0 ± 5.2 days. Conclusion. The local Protocol developed by the researchers helps to define a surgical tactics and volume of intensive care in the postoperative period. Laparoscopic surgery, in the vast majority of cases, is an optimal and effective technique for AP surgical treatment in children. Contraindications to laparoscopic surgery are PA 3 and total abscessing peritonitis.
REPARATION OF BONE TISSUE IN THE AREA OF OPEN FRACTURE CONSOLIDATION IN TUBULAR BONE IN LABORATORY ANIMALS. AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Gordienko I. I. , Tsap N. A. , Borisov S. A. , Valamina I. E.
Published: June 2020

Objective. Antibiotic prophylactics in surgery is a standard of medical care for many surgical interventions. It is “a very short course”: starts immediately before surgery and lasts no more than 24 hours after it. There were no any information found after a broad search on pathomorphology of consolidation zone in open fracture and morphometry of bone callus structures under various modalities of perioperative antibiotic prophylactics. Purpose. To find out reparation degree and inflammatory changes in bone tissue in the area of consolidation in open femoral fracture in experimental animals under various modalities of perioperative antibiotic prophylactics. Material and methods. 60 outbred male guinea pigs were taken into the experiment. The experimental animals were divided into 3 groups, 20 individuals in each. Animals from Group I, so-called “AB-1”, were given antibiotics 30 minutes before surgery and then for 8 hours after it during one day. Animals from Group II, so-called “AB-3” were administered antibacterial drug for 3 days of postoperative period. Guinea pigs from Group III (Controls) had no antibiotic therapy. The modeling of femur open fracture was performed according to the developed methodology for modeling and treatment of open fractures of tubular bones in experiment. Results. When comparing reparative processes in AB-1 and AB-3 groups, similar regeneration processes in femoral fracture were noted. They were accompanied by: formation of endostal and periosteal callus with abundantly vascularized connective tissue; formation of significant amount of newly formed bone trabeculae; insignificant presence of leukocytes in the lumen of bone marrow canal, what may be explained by peculiarities of postoperative management of laboratory animals. In the Control group, growth of newly formed bone trabeculae was less intensive ( less by 16.3%); there also were 2-fold increase in connective tissue volume and actively proliferating zones of cartilage tissue. Conclusion. Thus, findings of morphological examination indicate that in the experimental group with short 24-hour perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, bone tissue consolidation had minimal inflammatory changes and better formation of new bone trabeculae.