bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
85‐2: Prediction of Triplet Harvesting Ability in Blue Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Deep Learning
Authors: Lim Junseop , Kim Jae-Min , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we implemented new time dependent exciton decay model based on exciton dynamics using transient electroluminescence profile of fluorescent triplet‐triplet annihilation (TTA) orgarnic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The prompt and delayed components of fluorescent TTA OLED could be distinguished quantitatively and accurate TTA ratio analysis was achieved using the new TTA model. In addition, predictive model of kinetic coefficients and TTA ratio was established using neural network of multilayer perception, and it demonstrated nearly perfect prediction ability of TTA ratio (determination coefficient, R2 = 0.999). The results of this study would contribute to understand TTA mechanisms deeply with exact estimation of major parameters of TTA OLEDs and help future OLED research using deep learning predictive model.
86‐2: Spatial Reality Display System Based on Eye Tracking and Pixel Interleaving Technology
Authors: Ma Xitong , Wang Tingting , Li Xin , Zhang Shuguo , Duan Ran , Zhou Xing , Song Zheyuan , Jiang Xingqun
Published: July 2024

With the development of naked‐eye display technology, users can experience real stereoscopic effects more freely without glasses. This paper introduces the BOE's second generation 31.5‐inch 8K naked‐eye 3D display system, which improves optical path accuracy and reduces system delay through eyetracking and synchronization technology. Special optimizations have been made for mobile and wide‐angle viewing scenes, significantly improving the display effect.
86‐3: Binocular Camera Eye Tracking Algorithm for Naked Eye 3D Display
Authors: Wang Tingting , Tang Xiaojun , Li Zhexi , Sun Junmin , Shangguan Zeyu , Wu Congrui , Tang Darun , Liu Yuyu , Jiang Xingqun
Published: July 2024

Through real‐time acquisition of eye position using eye tracking, viewers can experience stereoscopic scenes from the naked eye 3D display. This paper proposes binocular camera eye tracking method that utilizes disparity to perceive the actual inter‐pupillary distance of different users. This method estimates the head posture based on facial landmark points and exploits camera projection to determine the spatial coordinate of the pupil. Furthermore, collaborative filtering approach is introduced to mitigate the jitter in pupil position. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm enhances the performance in eye tracking compared to monocular method.
87‐4: Control of LTPS Flat‐Band Voltage to Improve the Short‐Term Image Sticking of AMOLED Displays
Authors: Jeon Sang-Ho , Wang Wen-Tao , Gong Wei-Xing , Gu Jia-Ye , Fan Hao-Yuan , Jian Yue-Yuan , Shi Da-Wei , Kim Sung-Hoon , Kwak Jong-Uk , Oh Jae-Young
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the certain relation between threshold voltage and flat‐band voltage to improve the image sticking for AMOLED display was investigated. Flat band state generally refers to a state in which the energy bands of each region in an ideal MOSFET system are flattened. However, it is requiring an additional voltage to flatten the energy band for actual MOS systems due to the difference in metal and semiconductor work function, which is called the flat‐band voltage. It is investigated that this flat‐band voltage is strongly linked to the short‐term image sticking.
89‐2: An Evaluation Index for See‐Through Image Quality on Transparent MicroLED Displays
Authors: Tsai YuTang , Wu JiaLong , Huang MinChun , Tien KunCheng , Fang YenWen
Published: July 2024

The objective of this paper was to investigate the quality of see‐through images on transparent MicroLED displays. Transparent displays have gained significant attention in various applications. However, evaluating the quality of see‐through images presented challenges, as there was no universal metric available for assessment. Image analysis methods were employed in this study, and common optical measurement metrics were also compared. The results showcased that CW‐SSIM exhibited higher sensitivity and aligned well with visual observations. This suggests the potential of CW‐SSIM as a universal metric for assessing the quality of see‐through images on transparent displays.
97‐1: Late‐News Paper: Mechanism for the Irreversible Threshold Voltage Behavior by Polyimide Charging in Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Kim Do Hyung , Kim Min Ji , Choe Huiyeon , Lee Seulgi , Kim Bohwa , Seo Hyunsang , Yeon Kiyoung , Ahn Nari
Published: July 2024

The irreversible threshold voltage (Vth) shift by polyimide (PI) charging is experimentally demonstrated. The Vth of device without PI electrode is positively moved during the release. Interestingly, the shifted Vth is not recovered to initial value up to one month. The mechanism for the irreversibility is suggested.
97‐3: Late‐News Paper: Enhanced IGZO TFT Performance with Atomic Layer Deposition Parameter Optimization for Large OLED Displays
Authors: Lee Heung Jo , Yun Pil Sang , Bae Jong Uk , Park Yoo Seok , Shin Woo Sup , Lee Hyeon Woo , Jeong Jae Kyeong
Published: July 2024

In this comprehensive study, we rigorously evaluated the applicability of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) thin films synthesized using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology in the field of large‐area organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) TVs. The key term to display production is the distribution of device characteristics, and maintaining uniformity can improve productivity yield and product quality. The purpose of this paper is to present guidelines for early application in industry through the process variable exploration results of ALD deposition equipment. The process parameters studied are process pressure and oxygen partial pressure (PO2). We have secured a method to secure device characteristics suitable for display technology through the correlation between a‐IGZO thin film characteristics and device characteristics through corresponding parameters. Our empirical data strongly demonstrate that the threshold voltage (Vth) stabilizes near 0.0 V and consistently achieves device mobility exceeding 15 cm2/Vs. In particular, this study shows that the variability of the Vth characteristic, which is limited to a narrow range of less than ±0.1V, is greatly reduced, and the mobility dispersion is also greatly reduced to less than ±1cm2/Vs. A deeper analytical exploration revealed that the pivotal factors affecting device performance are closely related to oxygen vacancies (Vo) and their dynamic interactions with oxygen molecules. These results will improve the uniformity of device characteristics, and it is believed that the introduction of ALD technology into future display technology will demonstrate improvements in the performance and quality of display products.
97‐4: Late‐News Paper: Visible Light Detection Enhancement of Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc Oxide Phototransistor with a Formation of p‐n Junction Using PEDOT:PSS Absorption Layer
Authors: Lee Dong Keun , Ahn Jong Hyuk , An Jong Bin , Rho Sung Min , Kim Kyung Min , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: July 2024

In this paper, an indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO) based phototransistor with an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printed poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) absorption layer has been developed for the absorption of visible light. The PEDOT:PSS absorption layerforms a p‐n junction with IGZO, enhancing the photoresponse through selective carrier transfer of photogenerated carriers. As a result, the proposed phototransistor exhibits improved optoelectronic characteristics such as photoresponsivity of 8.40 × 102 A/W, photosensitivity of 1.12 × 107, detectivity of 8.05 × 1011 Jones under the green light (532 nm) illumination of 5 mW/mm2.
90‐1: Invited Paper: Quest 3 Immersive Display with High PPI and Hybrid Backplane Technology
Authors: Lee Agnes , Chiu Hsin-Ying , Xiang Jie , Klement Alex , Park Yongmin , Varel Cagdas , Lin Wan-Yu , Sulem Firmansyah , Huh Ben , Malecki Nick , Fulghum Matt , Zhu Xinyu , Rao Linghui , Choi Jacob , Zhuang Jim
Published: July 2024

In October 2023, Meta released the Meta Quest 3 mixed reality headset, boasting a 25 PPD 4K+ Infinite Display with 2064x2208 resolution per eye — 30% more pixels and 25% higher PPD than Quest 2 and around 14% PPD boost over Quest Pro [1‐4]. Quest 3 comprises two 2.48′ 1218 PPI displays, with hybrid backplane and low‐persistence backlight to provide end‐users the superior visual quality, comfortness, and minimal latency. This paper outlines Quest 3 display architecture, immersive performances, and some key design challenges.
90‐2: Invited Paper: Toward the Challenges of 4K MR Using AMLCD
Authors: Wu Yung‐Hsun , Tsai Chia‐Hao , Chang Chih‐Hao , Wu Yi‐Hsiu , Cherng Yi‐Shiuan , Tai Ming‐Jou , Yang Cheng‐Yu , Chiu Wei‐Yen , Chang Shu‐Hui , Yang Chiu‐Lien
Published: July 2024

This article discusses the challenges of adopting high‐resolution AMLCD in 4K MR technology. Key innovations include LTPO for improved the aperture of VR LCDs by 20‐30%, especially for highres VR, and COA to reduce transmittance issues and enhance color uniformity in 4K VR LCDs.
91‐2: Transfer, Bonding, and Repair of LEDs for µLED Display Fabrication via Simultaneous Transfer and Bonding (SITRAB) Technology
Authors: Shin Jungho , Joo Jiho , Choi Gwang-Mun , Lee Chanmi , Moon Yoon-Hwan , Jang Ki-seok , Oh Jin-hyuk , Jung Ji-Eun , Lee Ga-Eun , Eom Yong-Sung , Choi Kwang-Seong
Published: July 2024

Micro light‐emitting diodes (µLEDs) have been considered as next‐generation display technologies, but they suffer from low productivity due to poor heat dissipation, high electrical resistance, and repair difficulty of conventional µLED bonding methods. Simultaneous transfer and bonding (SITRAB) technology enables electrically/thermally conductive soldering for high‐resolution µLED displays. In this study, the transfer, bonding, and repair of InGaN/GaN µLEDs via the SITRAB method are reported. µLEDs grown on sapphire substrates are assembled on a backplane via the SITRAB process. The SITRAB‐based repair of defective pixels is demonstrated by transferring redundant LEDs to the display substrates.
91‐3: Placement Accuracy of MicroLEDs in the 5µm Size Range Being Laser Mass Transferred
Authors: Haupt Oliver , Griffel Thorge , Fatahilah Muhammad , Brune Jan
Published: July 2024

MicroLED displays require device placement accuracies that meet the dimensional restrictions of the contact pads. We will report on accuracies achieved by a laser forward transfer (LIFT) system with dies in the 5μm size range over gap distances around 10‐20 times the thickness of the devices and discuss the implications thereof.
92‐4: Invited Paper: MicroLED Display Technology Entering Mass Production: Opportunities and Challenges in the New Era
Authors: Liu Ying-Tsang , Lin Tzu-Yang , Li Yun-Li
Published: July 2024

MicroLED display is an innovative display technology with high brightness, wide color gamut, high aperture ratio, and excellent reliability. MicroLED represents a new era in display technology, and it is rapidly entering the mass production phase. It can be used in traditional display applications and can also be applied to various innovative display technologies, such as AR glasses, transparent displays, electric vehicles, or other new use cases, expanding the application of displays into more fields. Therefore, the most critical challenge is how to rapidly reduce costs to enable the widespread adoption of MicroLED.
93‐1: Invited Paper: Meta‐Elastomer for Biaxially Stretchable Displays Without Image Distortion
Authors: Chung Seungjun , Choi Jun-Chan
Published: July 2024

Stretchable displays are garnering attention due to their ability to undergo reversible shape deformation. However, due to Poisson's ratio, image distortion issues caused by undesired substrate deformations during stretching remain challenging. Here, we propose meta‐elastomers with biaxially zero Poisson's ratio for distortion‐free stretchable displays. To program the Poisson's ratio according to biaxial stretching, elastomeric mechanical metamaterial (MM) frames with a negative Poisson's ratio are integrated into an elastomer matrix. By leveraging competitive interactions between the elastomeric MM frame and elastomer matrix deformation, we have successfully implemented the biaxial near‐zero Poisson's ratio substrates.
93‐2: Highly Stretchable Liquid Metal‐based Deformable Micro‐LED Displays
Authors: Miyakawa Masashi , Tsuji Hiroshi , Takei Tatsuya , Yamamoto Toshihiro , Fujisaki Yoshihide , Nakata Mitsuru
Published: July 2024

Stretchable displays represent a cutting‐edge technology for creating novel freeform deformable displays. In this study, we developed a highly stretchable liquid metal‐based stretchable backplane technology for deformable micro‐LED displays. We developed a fine liquid metal patterning process and highly stretchable backplane fabrication technology to implement micro‐LED stretchable displays utilizing liquid metal electrodes. The developed stretchable display demonstrated exceptional flexibility allowing it to transition from planar to hemispherical shapes with up to 50% stretchability without disconnection of lines. Even when subjected to dome‐shaped deformation under 50% strain, the developed stretchable display utilizing liquid metal electrodes exhibited stable electrical characteristics, showcasing its practical applicability.
94‐1: Study on the Listening Room Sound Quality of OLED Thin Actuator Panel Speaker
Authors: Lee JeongMan , Kim JaeHong , Yoo Jang Jin
Published: July 2024

Thin and light design, picture quality and sound quality are important factors in TVs and monitors. Recently, a monitor speaker has been developed that provides a new sound experience combining an electrostatic thin actuator to vibrate the OLED display and an electrodynamic woofer. However there are limitations in evaluating sound quality of this technology because the existing international standards are speaker unit evaluation method based on an anechoic chamber environment. In this study, we propose a sound quality measurement method that can reflect the listening environment of monitor customers based on the new IEC standard and share the results of OLED thin actuator panel speaker.
94‐2: Improved Simulation Accuracy for a Front‐Firing Panel Speaker (FFPS) with Thin‐Actuator by Adopting Frequency‐Dependent Viscoelastic Properties
Authors: Roh Eun , Jin Sangwoo , Myung Nohjin , Park Seungryull
Published: July 2024

In this study, we examine methods to enhance the simulation accuracy of Front‐Firing Panel Speakers (FFPS) based on thin actuators. Specifically, we investigate the frequency‐dependent behavior of adhesives’ viscoelastic properties. By leveraging the time‐temperature superposition (TTS) principle, we can accurately determine the material properties at audio frequencies and integrate them into the simulation process. We anticipate that our finding will enhance the efficiency of the design process for FFPS and its display components by simulating more accurate results.
95‐1: Augmented Reality Display Based on Surface Relief Grating with Large Area Processing
Authors: Guo Kang , Lu XinHong , Li Duohui , Song Mengya , Gu Xin , Ling Qiuyu , Wang Wei , Sun Yongqi , Cao Zhanfeng , Zhang Hao , Yuan Guangcai
Published: July 2024

AR display has been the most promising new technology in the current display market. Among which surface relief grating waveguide has the advantages of large field of view, small volume and light weight. This article adopts the large‐area (370 mm * 470 mm) waveguide prepraration route as a solution to the low‐cost and high‐efficiency waveguide route, showing excellent structural uniformity of more than 95%. The waveguide numbers is 5 to 10 times that of the conventional wafer‐level route, which can further promote the practical application of AR waveguides.
95‐2: Ultra‐Small Pixel Color‐Conversion Arrays for MicroLED Displays with Color‐Purification Enhanced Color Gamut
Authors: Wang Guan-Wen , Chiu Hao-Sung , Chen Chi-Shiang , Lin Jian-Hong , Cheng Yen-Chia , Chen Shan-Yu , Wu Chen-Hsun , Lin Ching-Fuh
Published: July 2024

The color conversion array with 5080PPI high resolution, high efficiency and 144% DCI‐P3 color gamut is developed to replace mass transfer and provide low production cost and fast fabrication speed for micro‐LED displays.
96‐1: Invited Paper: Flat Panel Haptics: Embedded Electroosmotic Pumps for Scalable Shape Displays
Authors: Shultz Craig , Mullenbach Joseph , Harrison Chris
Published: July 2024

The flat, featureless nature of touch screen displays has meant keyboard text entry is slower and more error‐prone than on mechanical counterparts, and has also introduced negative side effects in demanding settings like automotive. Ideally, we could maintain the graphical flexibility afforded by displays, but carry over the tactile benefits of physical keyboard keys and buttons. Flat panel haptic displays have the potential to achieve this.

We present a new type of shape‐changing display using embedded electroosmotic pumps (EEOPs). Our pumps are 1.5mm in thickness, and allow complete stack‐ups under 5mm with the opportunity to become much thinner. Our EEOPs can move their entire volume's worth of fluid in 1 second, and apply pressures of +/‐50kPa. This is enough to create dynamic, mm scale tactile features on a surface.
96‐2: A Novel Capacitive Knob Design with Finger Detection using Automotive In‐Cell Touch LCD
Authors: Chang Yao-Chung , Lai Chih-Chang , Lin Ching-Chun
Published: July 2024

The knob features a great physical control with the automotive display. However, the existing knob have limitations, including insufficient support for finger detection and a lack of signal CKA’ and CKB’. A novel capacitive knob design has been proposed and proved effective through the simulation, offering comprehensive performance with multiple functions and a stronger signal level CKA” and CKB” using automotive in‐cell touch LCD.
96‐3: Invited Paper: Next‐Gen Interactions: Creative Sensing Solutions for Automotive Capacitive Knobs on Displays
Authors: Fong Kelvin , Hirakawa Tomohiro , Li Rios , Tu Jacod
Published: July 2024

Automakers are adding back mechanical knobs to modern car cabins to address concerns about the difficulty of adjusting vehicle setting controls through the touchscreen interface. Passive capacitive knobs attached to touchscreens are a great solution as they provide a seamless interface while using the same capacitive sensors that sense finger touches. Existing knobs rely on capacitive coupling to a user's hand, making it difficult to support gloved hands. The proposed knob resolves this by employing a unique sensing architecture while providing additional features such as initial state detection and fall‐off detection.
96‐4: Invited Paper: Surface Dial: Enabling Tangible Dual‐handed Interactions on Capacitive Touchscreens
Authors: Rappaport David , Zyskind Amir , Oehler Peter , Ribeiro Flavio , Bathiche Steven
Published: July 2024

Surface Dial is a mass production PC accessory implementing a tangible interface for on‐and off‐screen interactions. It enables a dual‐handed interaction model in content creation tasks like drawing, video editing, presentation and data visualization. We delve into design considerations, including development of a capacitive approach for on‐screen detection and tracking.
P‐1: LTPO Technology for Low Power Comsumption
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Zhu Xiujian , Ge Mingwei , Tan Xiaoping , Tang Tao , Huang Jiting , Guo Xingling , Sun Zhisong , Wang Ningbo
Published: July 2024

LTPO(Low Temperature Polycrystalline Oxide) is a hybrid backplane technology that combines low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon and oxide‐based TFT (thin‐film transistor). It is also one breakthrough technology that achieves ultra‐long standby time and stable battery life. This paper mainly discusses the key technical points of LTPO power saving [1][2] from the driver IC technology and screen technology solution, and also introduces the mass production results of Visionox LTPO technology, demonstrating the great potential of LTPO in low power comsumption.
P‐2: Investigation of high mobility crystalline IGO TFT with top‐gate structure for LCD display application
Authors: Haijiao Qian , Xianjie Shao , Yanlong Li , Zhilei Sun , Youwei Zhang , Yujie Lv , Honggang Gu , Zhangtao Wang
Published: July 2024

The present paper reports the study of electrical characteristics and bias temperature stress (BT) stability of crystalline Indium‐Gallium oxide (IGO) dual‐gate thin film transistor (TFT) with top‐gate structure. TFT with normalized Ion over 100εA and PBTS/NBTIS of 0.35/‐2.85V was successfully fabricated. By adjusting oxygen partial pressure (O2%) and substrate temperature, we can control the wet etching rate (WER) of as‐deposited IGO film. After post annealing, crystalline IGO containing In2O3 phase with preferred orientation of (222) has been formed. The TFT characteristics uniformity and BT stability were found to depend on parameters of gate insulator (GI) deposition and pre‐treatment before GI. Based on experimental results, we propose high GI deposition temperature associated with low N2O plasma treatment power as the optimal condition for industrial production of crystalline IGO TFT.
P‐4: The Technology of High‐Mobility Oxide TFT for 14inch AMOLED Display
Authors: Li Zhuo , Han Seung Woo , Liu Feng Juan , Feng Xuan , Xuan Ming Hua
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the technology of high‐mobility Oxide TFT, which is over 50 cm2/Vs within the whole panel, was introduced. The 14 inch AMOLED panel with the resolution of 2880*1800 and the refresh frequency of 1~144Hz was driven by oxide TFT including pixel circuits and Gate driver circuits, to decrease the cost of panel. In addition, the OLED was designed as Tandem structure to reduce the power consumption of panel.
P‐10: Cost‐Effective Solution of Low Gray‐Level Performance Issue for MicroLED Driven by PWM Using Machine Learning
Authors: Wu Wei-Lin , Wu Jun-Wei , Tai Ya-Hsiang
Published: July 2024

A novel concept of “Cutoff gray‐level” is introduced for evaluation of MicroLED PWM pixel circuits at low gray‐level with consideration of gamma correction and device variation. Additionally, a cost‐effective two‐level dithering method is proposed and machine learning is used to establish its algorithm. This approach effectively deals with the issue of low grayscale performance in MicroLED displays driven by PWM.
P‐20: Memory Window and Endurance Improvement of In‐Ga‐Zn‐O‐Based Ferroelectric Thin Film Transistors by Inserting In‐Ga‐Zn‐O Floating Gate
Authors: Shin SeungYoon , Jang Yuseong , Park Junhyeong , Lee Soo-Yeon
Published: July 2024

We prepared oxide semiconductor‐based ferroelectric thin‐film transistors (FeTFTs) with a floating gate for memory application. Depositing oxide semiconductor on HfZrOx (HZO) as a floating gate successfully induced a polar orthorhombic phase with a larger memory window and higher endurance than conventional floating gate material TiN.
P‐24: Ultra‐low power consumption notebook LCD with high on‐state current metal oxide device
Authors: Ning Ce , Wang Dongfang , Yuan Guangcai , Wang Lizhong , Liu Fengjuan , Sun Hongda , Lu Yuhang , He Jiayu , Ma Yong , Lin Yunzhi , Zhang Zhen , Li Peirou , Shao Xianjie , Gu Honggang , Qian Haijiao , Yang Fan , Wang Xianlei , Sun Yulin , Dong Xue
Published: July 2024

Dual gate device with mobility of 20cm2/Vs has been applied to improve power consumption of oxide products, the devices show high on‐state current of more than 45uA, good uniformity of ΔVth 1.03V, PBTS of 2.18V. The optimized pixel design of 14inch WQXGA achieves high aperture ratio of 74% and transmittance of over 9.5%. This 120Hz demo with brightness of 150nit can significantly reduce power consumption by 65%, from 2.1W to 1.27W.
P‐26: Low‐power MLED pixel LTPS‐based compensation circuit
Authors: Lin Yicheng , Li Linfeng , Meng Qiuhua , Zhang Qingkai , Liang Zeng , Yue Huanxin , Yan Sen , Hu Guofeng , Gao Bo , Sun Haiwei , Shi Lingyun , Chen Ming
Published: July 2024

A novel LTPS‐based compensation circuit is adopted to reduce the power consumption, which is reduced by 16.63% due to the special design is set to reduce the source‐drain voltage (Vds) of the DTFT. Furthermore, some signals are simultaneously set for the entire panel to eliminate color shift and screen tearing problems. The novel circuit is suitable for MLED splicing display products which have less power consumption and can generate high‐quality images with excellent gamma curves.
P‐32: Dual Gate Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Transistor Technology for High Brightness and High Frame Rate Outdoor Display Panels
Authors: Zhou Zhichao , Zhu Yiyi , Zhou Xiaoliang , Qiao Lei , Liu Zhongjie , Tan Zhiwei
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we present the development of a dual‐gate (DG) architecture for hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film transistors (a‐Si:H TFTs). The aim is to address the challenges of low on‐state current (Ion) and light‐induced degradation in traditional single‐gate (SG) TFTs. The experimental results demonstrate that the DG‐TFT exhibits significantly higher Ion compared to the SG‐TFT, and the improvement depends on the thickness of the top gate insulator. Additionally, the threshold voltage (Vth) can be adjusted by applying the top gate voltage, allowing for a full‐ swing modulation coefficient of approximately 0.2. To ensure long‐term stability, a light‐blocking layer has been incorporated as the top gate electrode, enabling the DG‐ TFT to maintain its initial properties even under intense illumination conditions of up to 28,000 nits.
P‐224: Late‐News Poster: Development of 660Hz LCD with Low Resistance Gate LTPS Backplane
Authors: Lu Pei-Ying , Ye Jia-Hong , Huang Ching-Liang , Lin Yi-Ting , Lin Wei-Zhong , Jiang Yi-Fan , Hsieh Hsiu-Chun , Huang Hsin-Chun , Huang Chun-Lung , Huang Liang-Yin , Liao Cheng-Hsien , Su Jenn-Jia , Wu Yang-An
Published: July 2024

16‐inch FHD+ (Full High Definition Plus, 1920*1200) LCD featuring LTPS TFTs with a new low‐resistance alloy gate metal and fast response AFFS (Advanced Fringe Field Switching) liquid crystal technology has been developed, which achieves a ClearMR value of 9000 at 480Hz frame rate and fulfills the requirement for product reliability test. These technologies, including the new gate metal TFTs and employing Fast‐Response time liquid crystal, have also been implemented in a 17.3‐inch FHD (Full High Definition, 1920*1080) gaming laptop LCD. This larger panel operates at an even higher frame rate of 660Hz and higher ClearMR values with GtG (Gray to Gray) liquid crystal response time within 1ms. These advancements mark significant progress in the field of high‐performance gaming displays.
P‐225: Late‐News Poster: Improving Specific Contact Resistivity of a‐IGZO Thin‐Film‐Transistors via Multi‐stack Interlayer
Authors: Jeong Joo Hee , Yoon Seong Hun , Kim Taikyu , Jeong Jae Kyeong
Published: July 2024

We report the effects of sputter‐based multi‐stack interlayer on the electrical contact properties of a‐IGZO TFTs. The a‐IGZO TFTs with a multi‐stack interlayer of TiN and IGTO showed remarkable outcomes, including the lowest specific contact resistivity (ρC) and the highest field‐effect mobility (μFET). This research suggests a highly effective approach to reduce the contact resistivity of oxide semiconductors by nearly two orders magnitude.
P‐226: Late‐News Poster: Compact AMOLED Pixel Circuit Employing Double‐Gate TFT Achieving High Threshold Voltage Compensation Accuracy
Authors: Kim Minji , Kang Kyeong-Soo , Park Ji-Hwan , Park Chanjin , Lee Soo-Yeon
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a compact active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode pixel circuit using a double‐gate oxide thin‐film transistor (TFT). Due to the multifunctional characteristics of double‐gate TFT, the threshold voltage could be compensated more efficiently. The simulation showed better compensation performance in the proposed circuit than in one with only single‐gate TFT.
P‐36: Optimizing TV Gamma and Correlated Color Temperature Settings for Enhanced Viewer Satisfaction: A Comprehensive Study on Backlight Brightness and Color Gamut Influences
Authors: Chen Li‐Yin , Bellers Erwin , Hsieh Chung‐An , Shaw‐Jong Liu Steve , Jiang Yu‐Lun , Janssen Johan , Shih Hsiang‐Yao
Published: July 2024

We investigate user acceptance of image quality across various TV configurations, highlighting the importance of customizing adjustments in gamma and correlated color temperature settings. The findings indicate that aligning these settings with TV performance can enhance the overall visual experience, closing the gap between technical standards and user preferences.
P‐42: High Efficiency VR Optical System
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang QiuLi , Wu YuLong , Dong RuiJun , Chen Lili , Hao XiaoQiang , Han Na
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a highly efficient Virtual reality (VR) optical technology solution, which can increase the light efficiency by more than twice compared to the current mainstream folding optical system, while ensuring a large field of view angle and lightweight optical volume.
P‐43: Compact and lightweight optical‐mechanical system
Authors: Han Na , Wang Chenru , Hao Xiaoqiang , Quan Xudong , Lin Zhicheng , Dong Ruijun , Huang Haitao , Chen Lili , Zhang Hao
Published: July 2024

This paper successfully designed an ultra‐short focal pancake virtual reality optical system with a total optical length of 14mm, which is much lower than the existing mainstream solutions on the market. It is paired with a 4K4K high‐resolution Micro‐ OLED to provide an immersive visual experience.
P‐47: Multi‐wavelength achromatic metacoupler for augmented reality display using adjoint method
Authors: Tian Zhongtao , Zhu Xiuling , Surman Philip A. , Chen Zhidong , Sun Xiao Wei
Published: July 2024

Diffractive waveguides are a promising optical combiner technology for augmented reality (AR) as they provide the potential for the slimmest geometry and lightest weight. However, their severe chromatic aberration imposes a big challenge for full‐color display applications. In this study, we propose multi‐wavelength achromatic metacouplers to overcome the longstanding chromatic aberration issue. The metacouplers were inverse‐designed to realize a true achromatic behavior in an ultra‐thin silicon nitride surface (160 nm) with only binary nanostructures. We achieved a horizontal field of view (FOV) of 45 ° using a single waveguide with high exit‐pupil uniformity across the entire FOV range. We will report our simulation results along with our experimental validation of these. This initial study will be used to inform the future direction of the research to perfect the techniques developed.
P‐49: Angular Dependent Point Spread Function Analysis for Virtual Reality Head Mounted Displays
Authors: Beams Ryan , Johnson Matthew , Zhao Chumin , Varshney Amitabh
Published: July 2024

We demonstrate a point spread function method for measuring the angular dependence of the spatial resolution of a virtual reality head mounted display. The angular dependence of spatial resolution of the imaging detector was characterized to remove the detector's contribution at each angular location measured on the VR HMD. This method allows measuring the twodimensional spatial resolution and modulation transfer function.
P‐50: Multi‐depth‐SGD Based Tilted Plane Diffraction Propagation for Holographic Near‐eye Displays
Authors: Xia Xinxing , Ma Daqiang , Mi Pengfei , Meng Xiangyu , Sun Ming , Yang Furong , Peng Yifan , Yu Yingjie
Published: July 2024

To facilitate the practical application of wearable holographic near‐eye displays, the propagation between non‐parallel planes is essential for the hologram generation of off‐axis projection onto the holographic‐optical‐element (HOE) based combiners. However, existing methods, particularly the angular spectrum rotation‐based approach for generating tilted plane holograms, encounter challenges such as gradient loss when integrated with the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm. In this paper, we present a novel method for generating a tilted plane hologram using multi‐depth‐SGD, effectively mitigating the gradient loss issue.
P‐51: Field Stack Lighting Driving Method for Low Power Organic Light Emitting Diode‐on‐Silicon Microdisplay
Authors: Mu Tingzhou , Ji Yuan , Zhang Yin , Liu Xingyan , Huang Xinjie , Ran Feng
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a field stack lighting (FSL) driving method and develops an OLED‐on‐silicon microdisplay with low power. By modulating subfield luminance across time and magnitude, FSL generates linear weights. Compared to the pulse width modulation (PWM), FSL achieves a power reduction of 39.33% and enhances OLED lifetime by 4.2 times. In contrast to analog amplitude modulation (AAM), minimum power reduction of FSL is noted to be 57.15%.
P‐52: Scalable Multi‐layered Real‐time Holography Processor Architecture with High Bandwidth Memory (HBM)
Authors: Kwon Wonok , Cheon Sanghoon
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we present a fast and efficiently scalable 3D holographic video processor using a layer‐based method using a modified inverse Fresnel transform. In our previous paper, we designed a single‐layer holographic core using a fixed‐point model and tested its operation on an FPGA. This paper implements an 8‐layer, 15FPS real‐time hologram processor by receiving RGB and depth input. For fast CGH processing, we utilized HBM memory, which is faster than DDR4, to store FFT results. After applying 2× linear interpolation, the implemented real‐time holography processor converts into real‐time holograms using a 4K color space light modulator
P‐230: Late‐News Poster: Enhancement of the color uniformity of a VHOE‐waveguide‐based AR eyewear display through drive signal management scheme
Authors: Chen Zih Fan , Sun Chi , Lin Shiuan Huei , Yang Tsung-Hsun , Yu Yeh-Wei , Su Wei-Chia , Sun Ching-Cherng
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we present an enhanced approach‐a drive signal management scheme employed on a micro‐display device of optical engine to retune the color uniformity of an Augmented Reality (AR) eyewear display with a the Volume Holographic Optical Elements (VHOEs)‐based waveguide. Our method streamlines multiplexing complexity, necessitating just one optical waveguide and three RGB gratings to attain a full‐color eyewear display with nearly a 16Â° horizontal field of view (FOV) and less than 3% ΔELab color non‐uniformity.
P‐231: Late‐News Poster: Real‐Time Analysis and Synthesis of Imagery for Light‐Field Displays
Authors: Wu Tianyu , Choi Hee-Jin , Watson Benjamin
Published: July 2024

Current light‐field displays increase resolution and reduce cross‐talk with head tracking, despite using simple lens models. With a more complete model, our real‐time technique uses GPUs to analyze the current frame's light flow at subpixel precision, and to render a matching image that further improves resolution and cross‐talk.
P‐55: An Optimizing Finger Separation Method with Machine Learning Algorithm used In‐Cell Capacitive Touch Panel
Authors: Chao Ching-Yao , Wu Ming-Hsiu , Liu Hua-Wei , Lee Chin-Lin , Lai Chih-Chang , Chou Chun-Yi , Lin Ching-Chun
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we utilized machine learning techniques to perform finger separation recognition. The research results show that using the machine learning method proposed in this article, in combination with Novatek TDDI NT36523 tablet TDDI IC, it can largely improve the resolution of finger enumeration, especially when two fingers are very close together.
P‐57: A Novel Compression Algorithm using Machine Learning for Mura Compensation of OLED Panel
Authors: Son Chang-Hoon , Kim Chan-Yung , Shin Hyeon-Woon , Lim Ho-Min , Lee Ji-Won
Published: July 2024

In the modern display panel manufacturing industry, the Mura problem that occurs during initial shipment has a significant impact on improving image quality. The purpose of this paper is to effectively solve these Mura defects while reducing additional production costs. We propose an innovative method of storing and compressing the De‐Mura compensation data of the display panel in external memory. Two‐dimensional compensation data compression based on machine learning using surface fitting and vector quantization is presented as an effective response to the Mura problem. This approach, which achieves up to 8:1 compression ratio while minimizing image quality degradation through vector quantization, is expected to provide economic benefits to manufacturers. The paper also introduces a new surface prediction method that replaces the existing DC‐shift and uses residual vector quantization, which can reduce the implementation complexity of vector quantization. Through experimental results, this study demonstrates that the compensated data compression technique yields excellent results in post‐compression restoration performance.
P‐232: Late‐News Poster: PixelAI: Designing AMOLED Pixel Circuits using Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Cho Hyeonseong , Pyo Yeonhak , Lee Jiyoung , Choi Hyunyoung , Cho Hyunguk , Nam Hyoungsik
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we propose the pixel circuit design framework of an active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode display (AMOLED) based on reinforcement learning (RL). The efficient pixel circuit design process is accomplished by the integration of various schemes such as mask matrix, initial node connection, sub‐goals, circuit trimming, and initial state selection.
P‐235: Late‐News Poster: Optimization of Display Production Scheduling with Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Lee Yeonu , Koh Hyun Seung , Park Byongug , Lee Kyoungah , Kim Hyunjoon
Published: July 2024

The display module process is characterized by having to deal with a wide range of customers and product groups with a short turnaround time (TAT). In this study, a new concept of simulation tool reflecting the characteristic of the module process was developed. This tool reflects the TAT of the equipment using the cumulative distribution function of the process time, and the frequency and time of down of the equipment are modeled using statistical techniques. This tool has confirmed a high accuracy of 92% in comparison with actual production. The tool provides rule‐based operation guidance to manufacturing engineers. However, rule‐based operation is not easy to adequately respond to all manufacturing situations in the actual field. Thus, reinforcement learning (RL) was applied to the module scheduler system for optimal operation. We applied RL algorithm such as deep Q‐Networks (DQN), double DQN, dueling network. Through a test comparing reinforcement learning‐based operations and rule‐based operations under the same conditions, it was found that reinforcement learning‐based operations are better in terms of productivity and efficiency than rule‐based operations. This result shows that the paradigm of module scheduling has shifted from traditional rule‐based operations to reinforcement learning‐based AI operations.
P‐61: Dynamic Edge Enhancement Method
Authors: Weindorf Paul , Hayden Brian , Lee Ucheol
Published: July 2024

The Visteon True Color Image Enhancement system currently allows either edge detection to be activated or disabled. This study proposes a third option of implementing a dynamic edge detection method which dynamically enhances symbology edges as a function of the ambient lighting condition. Under nighttime lighting conditions, edge enhancement is not desirable since image artifacts are introduced that are not required for image visibility. As the reflected ambient lighting conditions increase, it is desirable to increase the visibility of black borders around symbology.
P‐65: A Novel Free‐Form, High Contrast Emissive Projection Display and Vehicle Applications
Authors: Sun Ted , Zhu Minghua
Published: July 2024

A novel high contrast emissive projection display (EPD) on black screen is developed, using a set of RGB emissive nanomaterials that can be selectively excited by digital projection of 3 violet‐blue wavebands. The new photoluminescent display enables a scalable and freeform emissive display onto any vehicle interior surface, without covering or hiding the original surface. For example, the set of RGB emissive materials can be applied as clear topcoat onto pitch‐black foil or substrate on vehicle dashboard or center console, showing superior image contrast in bright ambient light under lower power projection. Such high contrast free‐form emissive projection will be discussed with demos for many new vehicle interior display applications.
P‐71: Analysis of Bright, Vertical, Chain‐Like Spot Occurrence on Mobile OLED Screen Due to the Electromagnetic Interference of Nearby GSM Device
Authors: Chung Chelho , Shin Min Chul , Ha Jihoon , Roh Gilsung , Kim Heejung , Kim Haejo , Kim Sangkyung , Yang Jinseok
Published: July 2024

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) plays a significant role on degraded image quality under specific operating conditions. During our product characterizations, we analyzed an event that shows bright vertical chain‐like spots on mobile Organic Light‐emitting Diode (OLED) display due to the transmit operation of Global System for Mobile (GSM) phone nearby the device under test (DUT). The cause of the event is laid out as follows. The transmitted Radio Frequency (RF) power travels through Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC) to Display Driver Integrated Circuit (DDIC). Then the transistors respond to RF power as unintended RF diodes, which generate unexpected Direct Current (DC) voltage, which pushes the panel‐driving buffer Operational Amplifier's (OPAMP) output drifted.
P‐77: A Novel Frequency Doubling Technology with Adaptive Dither
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhai Simin , Guo Yaoming , Liao Weipeng , Tang Yuzhou , Lin Qiqi , Su Xintian , Jin Yufeng , Wang Kai , Liu Jinfeng , Wu Yu , Yuan Jianfeng , Li Zhifu , Zhao Bin
Published: July 2024

In this paper, in order to improve the refresh rate of large‐size LCD displays, a new optimized driving scheme combined with new GOA timing is implemented in hardware platform, which is called adaptive scanning for frequency multiplication (ASF) technology, and it can be applied to TV, MNT, NB and other fields. Firstly, this paper introduces the basic principle of Dual Line Gate technology (DLG), which is widely used, and analyzes its advantages and disadvantages. And then ASF technology is proposed to solve the disadvantages of DLG technology. The new optimized driving scheme mainly applied inter‐frame adaptive dither algorithm(ADA), odd and even frame interlaced compensation algorithm(OEC) and application mode for intelligent detection of pictures. A prototype driving circuit was fabricated, and various detection tests have been implemented. The results show the refresh rate is doubled without increasing hardware resources, and this technology avoids the loss of image quality.
P‐80: 4K Real 240Hz Technology in Large LCD‐TFT TVs
Authors: Wang Jun , Nie Chunyang , Dai Ke , Liao Yanping
Published: July 2024

This thesis presents the innovative 4K Real 240Hz technology independently developed by BOE in the realm of large‐scale TFT‐LCD televisions. Addressing the challenges posed by high refresh rates, including motion trailing, reduced charging efficiency, and elevated temperatures in Periphery Line Glass (PLG), we employed advanced technologies such as 2Frame OD (Over Driving), MLC (Multi‐Level Clock), and GPM (Gate Pulse Modulation). Furthermore, we utilized premium materials, including Low GAP Fast Response Liquid Crystals and the ION enhancement process, to craft 4K Real 240Hz products that offer exceptional image quality and swift responsiveness.
P‐220: A Novel Capacitive Touch Sensing Method with Folding Angle Detection using Foldable OLED TDDI Panel
Authors: Lin Yi-Ying , Lai Chih-Chang , Lin Ching-Chung
Published: July 2024

This article presents a novel approach for detecting the folding angle (Of) of foldahle OLED TDDI panels using mutual capacitance driving. It offers the potential to reduce the number of module components, conserve space, and provide additional folding angle (Of) reference data for a wide range of applications. This method can be applied in self‐capacitive and mutual‐capacitive touch sensors, eliminating the need for additional sensors or design modifications.
P‐82: Analysis and Validation of TFT‐LCD Data Open Mechanism
Authors: Xie Zhongjing , Yang Chunliu , Liang Ping , Li Ji
Published: July 2024

In this paper we reported a novel technology to improve Data Open. The relationship between process material and data open was analyzed between many materials. After a lot of experimental verification and analysis of the mechanism. A method to assess Data Open risk is developed with corresponding Cu acid standards process change to ensure product reliability requirements are met.
P‐84: Study and Improvement of Bacteria Contamination in TFT‐LCD Manufacturing
Authors: Yang Feifei , Guan Fei , Wu Liangdong , Zhen Huihui , Liu Fengyu
Published: July 2024

Bacteria has been a pain spot in TFT‐LCD manufacturing industry, which leads to a heavy loss of product quality. This work focus on the bacterial contamination in Array photo line and firstly propose the means of accurately locking the contaminated unit and the improvement of equipment, achieving a 60% reduction in bacterial contamination.
P‐85: The Methods to Improve Low‐gray Lens Mura
Authors: You Fei , Ni Shuibin , Jiang Long , Lu Zhong , Fu Yongyi
Published: July 2024

With the development of OLED display technology and the intensified competition in the OLED mobile phone product market, consumers are increasingly demanding the display quality of OLED mobile phones. The higher image quality requirements have prompted panel makers to minimize the impact of mura through process improvement, product design optimization, etc. Low‐gray lens mura is an important one which affect display quality. This paper provides an effective direction for optimizing the process parameters of exposure machine and product design to weakening the influence of lens mura.
P‐87: Research on the Influence Factor of Tearing Static Electricity Based on Display Module
Authors: Fangyi Liu , Zixin Yan , Yangli Zheng , Xiaoping Zhang , Hao Wu , Jianguo Zhu , Xiaojuan Gao
Published: July 2024

This article analyzes and studies the generation, disappearance, and influencing factors of static electricity during the removal of protective film from the module screen, and confirmed the influence trend. To solve the problem of module abnormal display caused by excessive static electricity during film tearing.
P‐88: Low reflection antistatic material design for improving ambient contrast ratio of LCD Panel
Authors: Kim Chang Eun , Lee Jinuk , Yoon Sang Soon , Kim Ju Hyuk , Hwang Jae Chul , Kwak Taehyoung , Park Kwon-Shik , Yoon Soo-Young
Published: July 2024

To enhance the ambient contrast ratio of LCD panel, the reduction of panel reflectance must be considered. A new antistatic material composition is designed to lower the refractive index, and the multilayer structure is derived based on optical simulation. By applying the new antistatic material and multilayer structure, the decrease of panel reflection and improvement of ambient contrast ratio are proven.
P‐89: Development of 30” 4K active matrix nanoLED display using Generation 4.5 size substrate with photolithography process in the atmosphere
Authors: Kanehiro Masayuki , Okamoto Shota , Matsushita Kazuhiko , Horiue Shinichi , Utsumi Hisayuki , Nakanishi Yohei , Nozoe Makoto , Miyamoto Yoshinobu , Narita Shoya , Yamada Shigeyuki , Nakano Takayuki , Okabe Tohru , Saitoh Takao , Yamanaka Masaki , Tanaka Tetsunori , Kitoh Kenichi , Isobe Tohru , Iwamiya Masanori , Miwa Masahiko , Fukunari Yuki , Kanzaki Yohsuke , Ishida Takeshi
Published: July 2024

We report and discuss the challenges to realize a nanoLED based display from the perspective of materials and processes. Additionally, we report on a 30‐inch 4K active‐matrix nanoLED display using cadmium free Quantum Dots (QDs) patterned by photolithography in the atmosphere.