bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Межъязыковые омонимы в лексико-семантической группе „Религия” (на примере польского и русского языков)
Authors: Didenko Natalya
Published: October 2020

The paper aims to present the types of semantic relations which hold between the interlingual homonyms existing in the semantic field of “people’s spiritual life”. The primary type of the relations among the studied lexical units is exclusion (the presence of a religious component in the semantics of a word of one of the studied languages and the lack of such a component in the other language). Because of the significant number of the examples of this type of relation, the words were divided into three thematic groups: 1) concepts (пассия – pasja), 2) objects (арка – arka), 3) people (лектор – lektor). The relation type of inclusion (with the shared religious semantics, one of the homonyms has an additional meaning related to this area) was observed in a few pairs (катафалк – katafalk). The relation type of overlapping (with the shared religious semantics, each of the homonyms has an additional meaning) in a given lexical field was not identified. No relation of overlapping in a given lexical field and only a few cases of the inclusion relation can prove that the resources of Russian and Polish homonymous words belonging to the religious theme of the Orthodox and Catholic Churches contrast with one another in quite an unobvious way. It is conditioned by both linguistic as well as cultural factors.
Podmiot groteskowy w dramatach Olega Bogajewa
Authors: Juchniewicz Agnieszka
Published: October 2020

The article analyses three dramas written by Oleg Bogayev (The Russian National Postal Service. A Room of Laughter for a Lonely Pensioner; Bashmachkin and Sansara). The purpose of the work was primarily to expose various forms, due to which we can talk about the grotesqueness of the subject, i.e. the relationship I – Others, the violation of the boundary between the categories of significant and signified, subject-object relations, the subject of the act of behaviour and the act of speech as well as the occurrence of the Voice as a separate unit from the subject. The author emphasises the fact that the contemporary figure of the subject has been reduced to the language level and experiences a crisis of self-identification, which in turn leads to the crisis of the drama itself. Comic characters balance between the real and the fantastic world. Their statements are often pictures-simulations, heavily saturated with irony, the grotesque and absurdity.
The Input-Output Relation of Primary Nociceptive Neurons is Determined by the Morphology of the Peripheral Nociceptive Terminals
Authors: Barkai Omer , Butterman Rachely , Katz Ben , Lev Shaya , Binshtok Alexander M.
Published: October 2020

The output from the peripheral terminals of primary nociceptive neurons, which detect and encode the information regarding noxious stimuli, is crucial in determining pain sensation. The nociceptive terminal endings are morphologically complex structures assembled from multiple branches of different geometry, which converge in a variety of forms to create the terminal tree. The output of a single terminal is defined by the properties of the transducer channels producing the generation potentials and voltage-gated channels, translating the generation potentials into action potential (AP) firing. However, in the majority of cases, noxious stimuli activate multiple terminals; thus, the output of the nociceptive neuron is defined by the integration and computation of the inputs of the individual terminals. Here, we used a computational model of nociceptive terminal tree to study how the architecture of the terminal tree affects the input-output relation of the primary nociceptive neurons. We show that the input-output properties of the nociceptive neurons depend on the length, the axial resistance (Ra), and location of individual terminals. Moreover, we show that activation of multiple terminals by a capsaicin-like current allows summation of the responses from individual terminals, thus leading to increased nociceptive output. Stimulation of the terminals in simulated models of inflammatory or neuropathic hyperexcitability led to a change in the temporal pattern of AP firing, emphasizing the role of temporal code in conveying key information about changes in nociceptive output in pathologic conditions, leading to pain hypersensitivity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNoxious stimuli are detected by terminal endings of primary nociceptive neurons, which are organized into morphologically complex terminal trees. The information from multiple terminals is integrated along the terminal tree, computing the neuronal output, which propagates toward the CNS, thus shaping the pain sensation. Here, we revealed that the structure of the nociceptive terminal tree determines the output of nociceptive neurons. We show that the integration of noxious information depends on the morphology of the terminal trees and how this integration and, consequently, the neuronal output change under pathologic conditions. Our findings help to predict how nociceptive neurons encode noxious stimuli and how this encoding changes in pathologic conditions, leading to pain.
¿Cuál es la metodología para consolidar datos en una cultura de paz y reconciliación en Colombia?
Authors: Velandia John , Sánchez Acevedo Marco Emilio
Published: October 2020

La cultura de paz y reconciliación en Colombia ha generado grandes volúmenes de datos en los últimos años a partir de diferentes fuentes de información. Ahora es primordial definir una metodología que garantice una forma ordenada y estructurada para abordar proyectos de investigación que requieran consolidar y limpiar datos para la toma de decisiones informadas. Esta investigación busca responder a la siguiente pregunta: ¿cuál es el proceso que permite consolidar datos de forma estructura y gráfica para la toma de decisiones de manera informada en el marco de paz y reconciliación en Colombia? Como resultado de esta investigación se presenta una metodología que nace a partir del análisis de diferentes investigaciones a nivel mundial.
La Comunidad Andina (CAN) desde el ámbito político
Authors: Blanco Alvarado Carolina , Echeverry Botero David , Ortega Ruiz German Ortega Ruiz
Published: October 2020

El presente manuscrito ha pretendido contextualizar el escenario político de la CAN, en aras de identificar los obstáculos que desde la referenciada esfera a evidenciado el citado sistema de organización administrativa y con la finalidad de determinar algunas propuestas de solución frente a la referenciada temática. La metodología de investigación empleada fue la cualitativa como quiera que el manuscrito ha pretendido describir la perspectiva política de la CAN, bajo el método de investigación descriptivo y analítico.
Inclusion of a pressurized acidolysis stage in chemical pulp bleaching
Authors: Bose Samar K. , Leavitt Aaron , Stromberg Bertil , Kanungo Dipankar , Francis Raymond C.
Published: October 2020

Hardwood soda-AQ pulps are believed to be rich in benzyl sugar ethers (BSE) that can be partially cleaved by aqueous acidic treatments. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of acidolysis on final bleached brightness for kraft and soda-AQ (SAQ) hardwood pulps. The increase in final brightness due to acidolysis at 110 °C was twice as high for a eucalyptus SAQ pulp as compared to the kraft pulp. An oxygen delignified maple C-SAQ pulp (carbonate pre-treated SAQ) was acidolyzed at 120 °C and pH 2.6 for 30 min. When 1.60% ClO2 + 0.25% H2O2 on pulp was used in DEPD final bleaching of the control sample a brightness of 91.5% was achieved. When only 1.00% ClO2 + 0.25% H2O2 on pulp was used for the acidolyzed sample a brightness of 92.0% was attained. Analyses of the maple pulp after the acidolysis showed no major change in lignin content, brightness, or pulp yield. The minor changes suggest that a facile reaction such as benzyl ether cleavage was responsible for the improved bleachability. Preliminary research involving a lignin model compound and commercial birch xylan showed that lignin-carbohydrate condensation products were generated under SAQ cooking conditions. Furthermore, a fraction of these lignin-carbohydrate moieties were subsequently cleaved by acidolysis at pH 2.5 and 105 °C.
Local Thrombolysis in Acute and Extended Portal Vein and TIPS Thrombosis in a Patient with Decompensated Cirrhosis and Protein S Deficiency
Authors: Rusu Magdalena , Imbuzan Maria , Hategan Raluca , Nicoara-Farcau Oana , Stefanescu Horia , Procopet Bogdan
Published: October 2020

This report describes the use of local thrombolysis using a tissue plasminogen activator in a case of a patient with refractory ascites referred for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) insertion. After successful TIPS insertion, the patient developed acute extended portal vein and TIPS thrombosis, which were treated with local thrombolysis using a tissue plasminogen activator, followed by the complete resolution of ascites. Although there are only limited published data of local thrombolysis for acute splanchnic vein thrombosis, we also review the relevance of the problem in the context of advanced liver disease.
Quality of Life after 10 Years of Liver Transplantation
Authors: Domingos Micheli Fortunato , Coelho Julio Cezar Uili , Nogueira Isabel Roldo , Parolin Mônica Beatriz , Matias Jorge Eduardo Fouto , De Freitas Alexandre Coutinho Teixeira , Zeni Neto Clementino , Ramos Eduardo José Brommelstroet
Published: October 2020

Aim: This study goal was to evaluate the long-term quality of life of patients who underwent cadaveric liver transplants (CLT) in two Brazilian hospitals.
Methods: Medical records of all patients who underwent CLT and survived over 10 years were revised. The international validated questionnaire Short-Form 36 was employed to assess the quality of life. Patients data were obtained from electronic medical records and study protocols.
Results: A total of 342 patients underwent CLT, of which 129 were alive and 93 fully answered the questionnaire and were included in the study. The group consisted of 62 men (66.6%) and 31 women (33.4%), with average age of 40.1±15.9 years. Follow-up time was 16±4.1 years. The most common indication of CLT was hepatic cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C virus, 24.7%. Transplanted patients had lower scores than the general population in mental health [62.9 (95%CI: 60.1-65.7,) vs. 74.5, p < 0.001]. In all other domains, transplanted patients had similar (emotional aspect limitiation, pain, and general health status) or superior (physical aspect limitation, social aspects, functional capacity, and vitality) scores than the general population. Functional capacity score was lower in patients with long-term complications, who were aged more than 50-years, and unemployed.
Conclusions: The quality of life in patients with more than 10 years after CLT was similar or superior than the general population, except for the mental health domain.
Does Family History of Cancer Influence Undergoing Screening and Gastrointestinal Investigations?
Authors: Razuka-Ebela Danute , Zile Irisa , Tzivian Lilian , Ebela Inguna , Polaka Inese , Parshutin Sergei , Santare Daiga , Murillo Raul , Herrero Rolando , Young Park Jin , Leja Marcis
Published: October 2020

Background and Aims: Although a family history of cancer (FHC) can modify the lifestyle and attitudes towards participation in cancer screening programs, studies on this relationship show mixed results and vary across populations. The objectives of the study were to compare sociodemographic characteristics, history of gastrointestinal (GI) investigations and Helicobacter pylori eradication, and modifiable cancer risk factors between those with FHC and those with no FHC (NFHC), and to investigate the association between FHC and a history of GI investigations.

Methods: A total of 3,455 questionnaires from the pilot study of the “Helicobacter pylori eradication and pepsinogen testing for prevention of gastric cancer mortality (GISTAR study)” in Latvia were analysed. We compared sociodemographic characteristics and history of GI investigations between participants with self- reported FHC and NFHC. Binary logistic regression models adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics and modifiable cancer risk factors were built for a FHC and each GI investigation.

Results: Participants with a FHC were more likely to be women, have a higher education and less likely to have harmful habits (smoking, alcohol consumption) than those with NFHC. Participants with a FHC were approximately twice as likely to report recent colorectal investigations specifically for screening, than those with NFHC. In fully adjusted logistic regression models, FHC was significantly associated with a recent history of faecal occult blood tests (FOBTs), colonoscopies, and colorectal investigations (FOBT or colonoscopy) specifically for screening as part of the national organized screening programme.

Conclusion. Our results indicate that those with a FHC have different patterns of health-related behaviour than those with NFHC.
Ohionim of the Mother of God in poetic discourse of Taras Shevchenko
Authors:   Poltava V.G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University, Stepanenko Mykola
Published: October 2020

The object of the proposed article is the Christian ohionim of the Mother of God in the poetic discourse of Taras Shevchenko. This proper name, together with the propriatives God, the Lord, forms the core of the sacredness of the studied texts. An indepth analysis of the “Kobzar” gives grounds to claim that its author was a deeply religious man who knew the Scriptures well and used it creatively in artistic practice. Evidence of this are the historical and philosophical poems “Mary” and “Neophytes”, in which biblical and secular motifs are organically intertwined, which is directly reflected in the level of verbalization (active use of Old Slavonic, God’s names, biblical expressions). On the basis of the theantropocentric approach, the peculiarities of the existence of the ohionim of the Mother of God in the texts of different genres are clarified. Up to the aim, a paradigmatic approach is used: all the names of the Mother of Jesus Christ recorded in the discourse are embedded in a nominative paradigm, each component of which (Mary, Mother, Mother of God, Mother Mary, Virgin, Immaculate, Queen of Heaven, Ever-immaculate, Good, All-Good, All-Holy, worthy, pure in wives, blessed in wives, great in wives mourning joy, holy power of all saints, our world unseen, my most glorious paradise, our beauty, world green, fragrant green lily) is characterized in terms of its semantic content and semantic specification, established correlations between them. A comparative analysis based on the semasiological procedure of the lexical resource that is part of the appellation and at the same time exists as a propriative unit was done. Special attention is paid to the connecting capabilities of the described ohionim, its ability to appear in the subjective, object, attributive function and thus to identify the features of semantic-syntactic valence. Episodes from the earthly and heavenly life of Mother Mary are clearly based on the valence pattern. The lexical-semantic compatibility of the theonym of the Mother of God with attributive modifiers in the form of agreed and uncoordinated definitions is comprehensively interpreted, their constitutive possibilities are clarified. It is proved that sacredness is one of the immanent features of Taras Shevchenko’s poetic idiostyle. Keywords: ohionim of the Mother of God, nominative paradigm, poetic discourse of Taras Shevchenko, syntagmatic resource, semantics.
Pemuda, Globalisasi dan Perubahan Sosial
Authors: Muqsith Munadhil Abdul
Published: October 2020

Abstrak Pemuda adalah sosok individu yang mempunyai karakter khas yang spesifik, yaitu revolusioner, optimis, berpikiran maju dan memiliki moralitas dan sifat lainnya yang disadari dan dilakukan dengan semangat muda untuk mengarahkan bangsa kearah yang lebih baik. Betapa pentingnya peran pemuda dalam suatu bangsa. Dalam catatan sejarah perjalanan bangsa ini menempatkan peran pemuda senantiasa menjadi pilar dan motor untuk mencapai kemerdekaan dan kemajuan bangsa. Globalisasi dan pasar bebas bisa menjadi hambatan sekaligus tantangan pemuda zaman now. Rasa nasionalisme bisa luntur tergerus dampak. Persaingan bukan antar bangsa sendiri tetapi cross border antar bangsa bisa meluntukan idealisme kebangsaan yang seharusnya tetap dipertahankan. Perubahan dalam bidang teknologi dan kebudayaan makin cepat, perubahan social budaya disebabkan faktor-faktor yang datang baik dari luar maupun dari dalam.Keyword: Pemuda, Globalisasi, Perubahan Sosial
Effects of varied packages of plyometric training on selected motor ability components among university students
Authors: Khan Wasim , Arif Tasleem , Muhammad Khushdil K. , Sohail Sardar N. , Kriventsova Irina V.
Published: October 2020

Background and Study Aim. The main focus of the study was to examine the effect of varied packages of plyometric training on speed, leg explosive power, and muscular endurance among university students. Material and Methods. Sixty subjects (age= 21.37+1.40) were divided into two groups namely, Control Group (CG, n=15) and Experimental Group (EG, n=45). The EG was further divided into three different groups based on the different training packages such as Low, Medium, and High-Intensity plyometric training. The .05 level of confidence was fixed as the level of significance to test the ‘F’ ratio obtained by the analysis of covariance, which was considered as appropriate. Plyometric training for a period of eight weeks offered to the participants of the Experimental Group. Results. The results revealed that various plyometric training programs have produced significant development in improving motor ability components such as speed, leg explosive power, and muscular endurance of the participants (p<.05). The results indicated that high-intensity plyometric training was noticed as superior then low and medium intensity plyometric training in the perspective of the effect of varied packages of plyometric on selected motor ability components among participants. Conclusion. Keeping in view the utility and importance of plyometric training, we recommended that the exercise protocol used in this study may helpful for the development and improvement of such components to get peak performance in sports.
Ångström- and Nano-scale Pore-Based Nucleic Acid Sequencing of Current and Emergent Pathogens
Authors: Shepherd Britney A. , Tanjil Md Rubayat-E , Jeong Yunjo , Baloğlu Bilgenur , Liao Jingqiu , Wang Michael Cai
Published: October 2020

State-of-the-art nanopore sequencing enables rapid and real-time identification of novel pathogens, which has wide application in various research areas and is an emerging diagnostic tool for infectious diseases including COVID-19. Nanopore translocation enables de novo sequencing with long reads (> 10 kb) of novel genomes, which has advantages over existing short-read sequencing technologies. Biological nanopore sequencing has already achieved success as a technology platform but it is sensitive to empirical factors such as pH and temperature. Alternatively, ångström- and nano-scale solid-state nanopores, especially those based on two-dimensional (2D) membranes, are promising next-generation technologies as they can surpass biological nanopores in the variety of membrane materials, ease of defining pore morphology, higher nucleotide detection sensitivity, and facilitation of novel and hybrid sequencing modalities. Since the discovery of graphene, atomically-thin 2D materials have shown immense potential for the fabrication of nanopores with well-defined geometry, rendering them viable candidates for nanopore sequencing membranes. Here, we review recent progress and future development trends of 2D materials and their ångström- and nano-scale pore-based nucleic acid (NA) sequencing including fabrication techniques and current and emerging sequencing modalities. In addition, we discuss the current challenges of translocation-based nanopore sequencing and provide an outlook on promising future research directions.
Optimisation of tactics of conducting pregnancy and labours at women after auxiliary reproductive technologies
Authors:   Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kуiv, Ukraine, Maslo D.N.
Published: October 2020

The objective: frequency decrease perinatal pathologies at women after ART on the basis of studying clinical-ehografical, endocrinological, biochemical, dopplerometrical, cardiotokografical and morphological researches, and also improvement of algorithm of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic actions. Patients and methods. The work basis is made spent by us from 2012 on 2015 by complex inspection of 300 pregnant women from which 250 were after ART and 50 – firstlabours which pragnency without ART, and also their newborns. For the decision of an object in view of research spent to two stages. At 1 stage spent prosperctive research which included 150 pregnant women: з them 100 women pregnancy at which has come out ART (1 group) and 50 healthy women (control group). At 2 stage spent prospective randomization in which result of patients after ART have divided on two equal groups by therapy principle: 2 basic group - 75 pregnant women after ART at which used the algorithm improved by us; 3 group of comparison - 75 pregnant women after ART which have been spent on the standard treatment-and-prophylactic actions. Results. The results suggest that women after using ART is a high frequency of reproductive losses in the first trimester (10.0%), 3.0% of spontaneous abortion from 16 to 22 weeks, and 3.0% "early" premature delivery (22 to 28 weeks of pregnancy). The frequency of violations of the functional state of placenta in women after using IVF is 63.0%, which is the main cause of high levels of perinatal losses (40.0 ‰), and delivery by cesarean section (96.0%). Placental dysfunction in women after using ART characterized by retrohorialnyh hematoma (21.0%); size mismatch fruit (30.0%) and hypertonicity of the uterus (73.0%) against changes in fruit-placental blood flow - increased resistance index in umbilical artery and increased vascular resistance in the uterine arteries. Endocrinological and biochemical changes in placental dysfunction in women after using IVF starting from 28 weeks of pregnancy and are in significant reduction in progesterone, placental b1-microglobulin, B2-microglobulin of fertility and trophic в-glycoprotein. Conclusion. The received results: use of the algorithm of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic actions improved by us allows to lower frequency of spontaneous interruption of pregnancy till 22 weeks – from 13.0% to 5.7%; «early» premature birth – from 3.0% to 1.0%; placentary dysfunction from 63.0% to 40.6%; cesarean sections – from 96.0% to 56.5%, and also perinatal losses – from 40.0‰ to 16.2‰. Key words: pregnancy, childbirth, auxiliary reproductive technologies.
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Modern approaches to the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Manzhura E.P.
Published: October 2020

The aim of the study: to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the drug Ravitax in the form of vaginal plugs in the postoperative treatment of the cervix. Materials and methods. To evaluate the clinical efficacy were studied 2 medicines in the group of patients after surgical treatment of the cervix, namely, candle Ravitax and candle Methyluracil. The study was open, in the examined group consisted of 50 women, 25 of whom were appointed candle Ravitax, and 25 - Methyluracil candles. All the patients were performed cervical conization by the united method - electrosurgical and in the postoperative period assigned to the candles once a day for the night - 14 from the 3rd postoperative day. Examination of patients was carried out for 30-35 days and 60-65 days after surgery. There were evaluated the degree of epithelialization, stricture of the cervical canal and bacterioscopy stroke, as well as the subjective feeling of the woman of comfort on a 10-point system. Results. As can be seen from the results, patients who received the drug Ravitax in the form of vaginal plugs had a higher percentage of epithelialization, in contrast to patients treated with vaginal suppositories Methyluracil. So, under Ravitax 30-35 days of examination of epithelialization was higher by 13±2.3%, and 60-65 days - 12±3.4%. When examination noted that the wound surface was cleaned more effectively with the use of the drug Ravitax, the number of strictures after 2 months was 25% less and the comfort level was higher by 35.6%, which is very important for the quality of life of women. This action is generally due to the rational components of the drug Ravitax. Conclusion. Thus, the drug Ravitax an exaggeration to say that he established himself in the past many years as an effective, reliable drug which improves reparative processes after operations on the cervix. It has no damaging effect on the epithelium, has no contraindications due to the lack of corrosive reagents. It was shown in reproductive, before and postmenopausal women. Key words: pathology of the cervix, dysplasia, cancer, classification, Ravitax.
The role of immune mechanisms in the development of benign uterus pathology
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Benyuk V.A. , Altibaeva D.M. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Goncharenko V.N. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kurochka V.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2020

The objective: to study the role of immunological mechanisms in the development of adenomyosis with endometrial hyperplasia in women of reproductive age and the phased introduction of an integrated hormonal and immunostimulating therapy. Patients and methods. The authors investigated the effect of hormone therapy on the immune system of women with adenomyosis and endometrial hyperplasia: We evaluated the influence of hormone therapy 135 women of reproductive age with adenomyosis in combination with endometrial hyperplasia: group i - 45 women using a progestogen (6 months); II – 45 women who took agonist of gonadotropin-relesing hormone (a-GnRH) (6 months) III – 45 women who received complex therapy involving a-GnRH during the first 6 months and immunomodulator intramuscularly every other day No. 20, with subsequent use of tablets of 0.15 g of 1 times a week (course – 6 months), then in the next 6 months was used progestogen in the second phase of the menstrual cycle from 16 to 25день. Evaluation of indicators of health status were performed after 3, 6 and 12 months of therapy. NK (natural killer) activity was estimated by the method of Hamaoka modification N.T. Rekowа. Results.We studied the role of immune system in the pathogenesis of adenomyosis, endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial and combined pathology of endo- and myometrium in women of reproductive age by assessing the cytotoxic activity of NK-cells, since this component determines its oversight role in the dynamics. Identified new pathogenic mechanisms in the development of benign pathology of the uterus due to the dysfunction of the immune system, especially expressed in terms of reduction of cytotoxic index of NK-cells. Conclusion. Developed a comprehensive phased hormone therapy for women of reproductive age with combined benign uterus pathology, including immunomodulator and the estimation of influence on parameters of immune status in the dynamics of observation. Key words: NK-cells, benign uterine pathology, comprehensive hormone therapy, Progestogens, -GnRH.
Clinical experience with a variety of approaches to comprehensive and preventive treatment of functional ovarian cysts
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine, Makarchuk O.M. , Matviykiv N.I. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: October 2020

Prevalence of overy tumors at the moment is from 11 to 20% and has tendency for growth. In Study shows the analysis of results of the observation of treatment of four groups of patients from the age of 18 to 39 years with functional ovarial cysts with program of treatment. Group I (n=30) Women with functional ovarial cysts who received basic treatment. Group II (n=30) hormonal monotherapy. Group III (n=30) – patients, received special extract of Vitex Agnus Castus – BNO 1095. Group IV (n=30) received hormonal therapy + special extract of Vitex Agnus Castus – BNO 1095 for 6 months. The most high efficiency, proving the feasibility of a plant gynecologist practice the means necessary to mention in the IV group, which approved a comprehensive program of treatment and preventive therapy (hormone + extract BNO 1095). In this group almost complete disappearance of pain sensation was noted in 93.3% of women, normalization of ovarian-menstrual cycle – at 83.3%, cystic lesion regression to the size of the follicle – at 76.6%. Functional ovarian cysts relapse during the year – not oserved only in this group. Special extract of Agnus castus – BNO 1095 is effective in both monotherapy and especially when you turn it into a comprehensive scheme for the treatment and prevention of functional ovarian cysts. Key words: ovarian tumors, functional cyst, extract of Vitex Agnus Castus, combined oral contraceptives.
Samorząd zawodowy w systemie ustrojowym Polski
Authors:   Zakład Badań Władzy Lokalnej i Samorządu, Wydział Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polska, Kmieciak Robert
Published: October 2020

The socio-political changes which began in Poland over three decades ago resulted in, inter alia, the activation of various occupational groups that have decided to operate on the basis of the then existing public law. This meant the creation of corporate self-government organizations that are based on associations of persons with compulsory membership. Ever since the political reforms in Poland have been undertaken, professional self-government has been considered an important element of the state’s administrative system. The basis for creating such institutions was the need to protect certain professions which, in the social interest, required the highest qualifications and impeccable ethics. The professional self-government has significantly strengthened its position by taking over a number of the state’s administrative powers regarding, inter alia, the supervision of certain professions. For several years in Poland there has been a public debate on the future of the professional self-government during which arguments have been raised that question the need for the continued functioning of this type of organizations. Moreover, doubts have been raised as to whether the chambers of professional self-government strengthen democratic aspirations and the development of self-governance, or whether they are anachronistic structures that threaten the consolidation of the free market order in Poland. Therefore, it is not only worth pointing out the essence and the tasks of the institution of the professional self-government, as well as its historical development in the country, but it is of paramount importance to draw attention to the significance of this type of entities in creating democratic state institutions and in accelerating participatory processes.
Elementy współpracy polskich Wojsk Specjalnych i polskiego kontrwywiadu wojskowego w operacjach typu COIN. Casus Afganistanu
Authors:   Instytut Nauk o Polityce, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Machniak Arkadiusz
Published: October 2020

A COIN operation involves both insurgents and local people. Its main goal is to neutralize all conditions enabling the development of insurgent movements or conducive to their development. In COIN operations, the basic efficiency criterion is the destruction or significant reduction of the opponent’s effectiveness and its ability to use local people for its own purposes. Military counterintelligence is responsible for analyzing the capabilities and organizational structure of the enemy’s reconnaissance system, including terrorist organizations or rebels, and planning undertakings that neutralize enemy activities, achieved, among others by recognizing its capabilities and taking remedial action on this basis. Anti-partisan operations constitute a coordinated effort to combat guerrilla activities in the theatre of war of a varied military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and social character, aimed against insurgents and against their impact on the state and the society.
A conceptual method of maintaining equivalence in international market research
Authors: Jaciow Magdalena
Published: October 2020

This paper focuses on equivalence in international market research and the conditions for maintaining such an equivalence. Equivalence was defined, in the field of research on an international scale, as an attribute of the results of research conducted in a multicultural environment, which guarantees the coherence of measurement models amongst the analysed countries. This attribute is achieved by the apropriateness of the subject-matter of research, sampling design, measurement tools, the process of direct research and the research results in the scope of the analysed countries/cultures. The model for maintaining equivalence described in this paper provides the researchers with knowledge of the conditions for maintaining equivalence in their international market research, and knowledge of the methods and criteria for evaluating data quality and comparability to those who avail themselves of reports and databases concerning foreign markets.
The competitive potential of the advanced technology sector
Authors: Łada Magdalena
Published: October 2020

The increasing use of advanced technologies by enterprises increases the importance of the advanced technology sector in national economies. For this reason, the purpose of the research presented in the study was to determine the competitive potential of the advanced technology sector on the intra-EU market in recent years. The evaluation was conducted using the labour productivity index, labour costs and the share of the number of high technology sector enterprises in the total number of enterprises in the EU sector. Based on partial indicators, a synthetic indicator was built which allowed for the precise determination of the potential of each of the countries studied. Enterprises in countries with a strong and stable economy have higher potential, are more developed and more easily tackle the new challenges that occur in the economy. Enterprises with low competitive potential are located primarily in smaller countries with smaller support possibilities. The decisive factor was, above all, the high productivity of work.
So immanent that absent? Christology of Erasmus of Rotterdam
Authors: Nowakowski Dawid
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the Erasmus’ Christology, depicted in two of his works: Disputatiuncula de taedio, pavore, tristicia Iesu (1499) and Apologia ad Iacobum Fabrum Stapulensem (1517). Erasmus in his vision of Christ as an incarnated God, puts special emphasis on his humanity that made him an adequate exemplar for man to imitation. John Colet and Lefèvre d’Étaples, with whom Erasmus quarreled and insisted on his divinity. Erasmus argued that his interpretation accords not only with the practices of the Christian piety, but also with the interpretation of Church Fathers; the opposite is exposed to the risk of falling into the docetic heresy.
Leisure time in different aspects of social interaction
Authors: Żeber-Dzikowska Ilona , Cieśleńska Beata
Published: October 2020

Free time is understood differently and can be defined in a number of ways but it is usually associated with something pleasant, time activities of our choice. The vital factor which affects individual forms of spending leisure time is age. Society can be divided into four separate age groups: children, adolescents, adults, senior citizens. Each of these groups enjoy distinct amount of spare time and spends it differently from the others. The environment a person lives in plays a role in the selection of pastimes. Pastimes in an urban agglomeration differ from these in a rural one. We must bear in mind financial situation as it is often believed that the more funds the more possibilities of spending spare time. Yet, we should not lose our common sense. We should remember of our immediate family and, far and foremost, of our own personal desires.
Teacher attitudes – based on research
Authors: Wagner Iwona , Wiśniewska-Śliwińska Hanna
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Speaking of teachers’ attitudes, it is impossible to mention the fact that ethical values must be respected in teacher’s work. The results of research in this area bring examples of different behaviours of teachers. Aim of the study. 1. To determine what attitudes teachers perceive in their environment and what attitudes presented by teachers are perceived by students. 2. To formulate which attitudes presented by teachers are desired by teachers and students and which are not. 3. To present students’ opinions on what qualities teachers should have. Material and methods. The research was conducted in Silesian Voivodeship from May 2018 to February 2019. The research covered 300 teachers working in Czestochowa and in the counties of Czestochowa and Myszkow, as well as 300 students. The method of diagnostic survey and interview was applied. Results. Teachers most often notice fair, tolerant, wise people in their professional group, and students often notice inconsistent people among teachers, those who do not listen to others, as well as those who are wise and open. According to teachers, the attitudes least frequently presented by teachers are : aggression, negative attitudes towards students. Pupils are least likely to encounter laziness and disorganization of the teacher. According to teachers attitudes that teachers should not present include aggressiveness, impatience, indifference and, according to students, aggressiveness, negative attitude towards students and impatience. According to the pedagogues, teachers should be open, and according to the students, be fair. Among the qualities that teachers should have students most often give wisdom, fairness and sense of humour. Conclusions. 1. Teachers most often notice in their professional group people who are fair, tolerant and wise. Pupils most often notice inconsistent, deaf, wise and open-minded people among teachers. 2. Teachers are convinced that there should be no aggressiveness or impatience among teachers. Students cite aggressiveness and negative attitudes towards students as undesirable attitudes of teachers. 3, According to the majority of students, the features that teachers should have are great knowledge, sense of justice, humour. It is worthwhile for teachers to pay attention to the students’ preferences.
Entrepreneurial attitudes of socially maladjusted youth
Authors: Kukla Daniel , Mielczarek Mirosław
Published: October 2020

The study shows the entrepreneurial attitudes that young people coming to the Youth Educational Centre have. These attitudes today seem to be an important attribute in designing the educational and career future. Presented research is part of the quantitative paradigm. The research procedure does not include the hypothesis, because so far no similar investigations have been conducted with regard to the indicated group of young people. The initial assumptions were therefore impossible to be put forward. The empirical part of the article was preceded by theoretical inquiries in the field of entrepreneurship. It is worth noting that the presented material is a part of a larger research project. The whole research procedure also took into account the orientations towards a professional career and communication skills of minors from educational centres.
Pioneering initiatives in the areas of education, child upbringing, and childcare in Łódź in the interwar period
Authors: Sosnowska Joanna
Published: October 2020

There is no doubt that in 1918–1939 the development of Łódź education system, like other areas of social life, including providing aid to those who needed it, was related to the establishment and functioning of the local government. After their success in the local election held in February 1919, representatives of the city authorities declared to perform specific tasks related to economic, social, and educational issues. The priorities included elimination of illiteracy, introduction of universal education in Łódź, propagation of reading, and development of libraries and non-school education. The issue of the universal access to education was very important, as the census of children at school age, held in Łódź for the first time, showed that in June 1919 only 38,500 out of the total of 70,016 children aged 7 to 14 went to school, which was a little more than a half; the remaining part of them, i.e. 31,516, were not receiving any schooling at all. This work presents pioneering initiatives of the Łódź local government which outdistanced those taken in other parts of Poland and which were organized in the interwar period in the area of education, child upbringing and childcare. The article presents activities of municipal departments, whose representatives dealt with the introduction of universal education free of charge to schools for children aged 7 to 14, the organization of an emergency shelter for children aged 3 to 16, and the organization of summer play centres for public school students. Local government activities in those areas are described against the background of general educational and childcare issues of the interwar Łódź.
The Evaluation of the International Sportsman Special School Coaching Program
Authors: Wahyudi Heri , Setijono Hari , Mintarto Edy
Published: October 2020

This research is aimed to evaluate the quality of the International Sportsman School in East Kalimantan. The evaluations are context, input, process, and product. The CIPP model developed by Sufflebeam is used as a method. The results revealed that the context reviewed from the background and purpose of the establishment has been following the need for coaching the young athletes. Input selection shows that the athlete distribution in 10 districts has not spread equally, yet. Moreover, the infrastructures need more intensive improvement and treatment. Process evaluation shows that the implementation of the academic process and achievement coaching has been following the existing criteria. Then, the product evaluation shows that the academic report is good enough. But, for certain sports, it needs additional improvement in the achievement of all aspects. Hence, it can be concluded that the success of nursery, coaching, training, and management of the International Sports School cannot be separated from the human resources and other supporting systems such as funding and infrastructure.
Psychological Science in "Scaffolding"
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky (Yaroslavl, Russian Federation), Mazilov V.A.
Published: October 2020

The article discusses the state of Russian psychological science. Traditionally, it is said that psychology separated from philosophy in the second half of the 19th century and became an independent discipline. It is argued that, contrary to popular opinion, psychology has not yet become a fully independent science, the process of its formation continues into the present. S.L. Rubinstein (1940), of M.S. Rogovin (1968) argue in favor of not completed yet formation of psychology as a science, because the necessary conditions are not achieved. This problem is international, that is, a problem of the world of psychology in general. The article shows that the validity confirmation of such qualification status of psychology is the conclusion of some psychologists that the methodological crisis in psychology is permanent and associates with the unresolved fundamental issues of psychology related to the strategy of mental study in present conditions. The article set the priorities that are to be discussed in psychology on its way to becoming a full fledged fundamental science. The most important issue requiring a decision and exposed the key to psychology is the problem of subject in psychological science. The article analyzes the reaction of Russian psychology to the challenge of globalization. It is argued that the understanding of globalization as unification on the basis of the American model is a serious obstacle to the full development of psychology in fundamental science, which was predicted by the classics of psychology of the 20th century.
THE HISTORICAL TRAGEDY OF THE LEMKOS-RUSINS OF THE BESKIDS AND BIESZCZADY MOUNTAINS IN ANDRZEJ STASIUK’S SELECTED PROSE
Authors:   University of Rzeszow (Rzeszów, Poland), Weretiuk О.
Published: October 2020

Andrzej Stasiuk, a famous Polish writer, was the first in Polish literature who raised a very sensitive issue of the the Lemkos’ resettlement from their autochthonous lands, Lemkivshchyna, in 1944–1947. Trying to be faithful to historical truth, the writer gives an artistic image of ethnic cleansing and its consequences in pro-communist Poland. The article aims at showing and analyzing Stasiuk’s vision of the issue in his selected works.
ON THE LOWER BOUND IN THE PROBLEM OF APPROXIMATE RECONSTRUCTION OF FUNCTIONS BY VALUES OF THE RADON TRANSFORM
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan), Azhgaliyev Sh. , Abikenova Sh. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University (Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan)
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we study the problem of function reconstruction by values of Radon transforms within the framework of the Computational (Numerical) Diameter (C(N)D) approach. The meaning of C(N)D is to solve two independent problems: obtaining lower bounds of the reconstruction error by exact information and specifying the computing tool that implements the upper bounds (preferably coinciding with the lower bound up to constants). The C(N)D approach is a mathematical model of experiments for describing various processes (physical, chemical, technical, etc.). An important role in setting up such experiments is played by types of measuring instruments, which is reflected in C(N)D as types of functionals. The next important point is the choice of location and balancing of instruments, i.e. selection of functionals’ parameters. The final step is to build an optimal computing tool using the obtained data. The most studied types of functionals are function values at points and Fourier coefficients. An important difference of this work from previously obtained results is the study of the approximation capabilities of another type of functionals – Radon transforms, i.e. mathematical model of the use of tomography and similar technologies. This paper is devoted to obtaining lower bounds for the error in reconstructing functions from Sobolev and Korobov spaces.