bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction followed by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for the determination of benzodiazepine drugs in biological samples
Authors: Nazaripour Ali , Yamini Yadollah , Ebrahimpour Behnam , Fasihi Javad
Published: May 2016

In this study, two‐phase hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction and three‐phase hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction based on two immiscible organic solvents were compared for extraction of oxazepam and Lorazepam. Separations were performed on a liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry instrument. Under optimal conditions, three‐phase hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction based on two immiscible organic solvents has a better extraction efficiency. In a urine sample, for three‐phase hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction based on two immiscible organic solvents, the calibration curves were found to be linear in the range of 0.6–200 and 0.9–200 μg L−1 and the limits of detection were 0.2 and 0.3 μg L−1 for oxazepam and lorazepam, respectively. For two‐phase hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction, the calibration curves were found to be linear in the range of 1–200 and 1.5–200 μg L−1 and the limits of detection were 0.3 and 0.5 μg L−1 for oxazepam and lorazepam, respectively. In a urine sample, for three‐phase hollow‐fiber‐based liquid‐phase microextraction based on two immiscible organic solvents, relative standard deviations in the range of 4.2–4.5% and preconcentration factors in the range of 70–180 were obtained for oxazepam and lorazepam, respectively. Also for the two‐phase hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction, preconcentration factors in the range of 101–257 were obtained for oxazepam and lorazepam, respectively.
Quantitative analysis of N‐acylphosphatidylethanolamine molecular species in rat brain using solid‐phase extraction combined with reversed‐phase chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Triebl Alexander , Weissengruber Sabrina , Trötzmüller Martin , Lankmayr Ernst , Köfeler Harald
Published: May 2016

A novel method for the sensitive and selective identification and quantification of N‐acylphosphatidylethanolamine molecular species was developed. Samples were prepared using a combination of liquid–liquid and solid‐phase extraction, and intact N‐acylphosphatidylethanolamine species were determined by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to positive electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. As a result of their biological functions as precursors for N‐acylethanolamines and as signaling molecules, tissue concentrations of N‐acylphosphatidylethanolamines are very low, and their analysis is additionally hindered by the vast excess of other sample components. Our sample preparation methods are able to selectively separate the analytes of interest from any expected biological interferences. Finally, the highest selectivity is achieved by coupling chromatographic separation and two N‐acyl chain specific selected reaction monitoring scans per analyte, enabling identification of both the N‐acyl chain and the phosphatidylethanolamine moiety. The validated method is suitable for the reliable quantification of N‐acylphosphatidylethanolamine species from rat brain with a lower limit of quantification of 10 pmol/g and a linear range up to 2300 pmol/g. In total, 41 N‐acylphosphatidylethanolamine molecular species with six different N‐acyl chains, amounting to a total concentration of 3 nmol/g, were quantified.
Condensed Mode Cooling for Ethylene Polymerization: Part III. The Impact of Induced Condensing Agents on Particle Morphology and Polymer Properties
Authors: Namkajorn Montree , Alizadeh Arash , Romano Dario , Rastogi Sanjay , McKenna Timothy F. L.
Published: May 2016

The presence of different commonly used induced condensing agents (ICAs) in the gas phase polymerization of ethylene on the supported catalyst has a significant impact on the crystallinity and the molecular weight distribution of the resulting high density polyethylene. The crystallinity of the polymer is found to be higher in the presence of vaporized n‐pentane or n‐hexane, than in “dry mode” (i.e., with no ICA). This is primarily attributed to the mechanism of crystallization of polymer chains in presence of the solubilized ICA which might act to promote solvent vapor annealing. In addition, vaporized ICA also provokes a significant increase in the weight average molecular weight, with values being estimated at over one million.

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Double Modification of Polymer End Groups through Thiolactone Chemistry
Authors: Driessen Frank , Martens Steven , Meyer Bernhard De , Du Prez Filip E. , Espeel Pieter
Published: May 2016

A straightforward synthetic procedure for the double modification and polymer–polymer conjugation of telechelic polymers is performed through amine‐thiol‐ene conjugation. Thiolactone end‐functionalized polymers are prepared via two different methods, through controlled radical polymerization of a thiolactone‐containing initiator, or by modification of available end‐functionalized polymers. Next, these different linear polymers are treated with a variety of amine/acrylate‐combinations in a one‐pot procedure, creating a library of tailored end‐functionalized polymers. End group conversions are monitored via SEC, NMR, and MALDI‐TOF analysis, confirming the quantitative modification after each step. Finally, this strategy is applied for the synthesis of block copolymers via polymer–polymer conjugation and the successful outcome is analyzed via LCxSEC measurements.

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Self‐Assembly of Amphiphilic Anthracene‐Functionalized β‐Cyclodextrin (CD‐AN) through Multi‐Micelle Aggregation
Authors: Zhang Yuannan , Xu Hongjie , Ma Xiaodong , Shi Zixing , Yin Jie , Jiang Xuesong
Published: May 2016

Multi‐micelle aggregation (MMA) mechanism is widely acknowledged to explicate large spherical micelles self‐assembly, but the process of MMA during self‐assembly is hard to observe. Herein, a novel kind of strong, regular microspheres fabricated from self‐assembly of amphiphilic anthracene‐functionalized β‐cyclodextrin (CD‐AN) via Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne click reactions is reported. The obtained CD‐AN amphiphiles can self‐assemble in water from primary core–shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600–700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo‐dimerization of anthracene. What merits special attention is that such photo‐crosslinked self‐assemblies are able to disaggregate reversibly into primary nanoparticles when changing the solution conditions, which is benefited from the designed regular structure of CD‐AN and the rigid ranging of anthracene during assembly, thus confirming the process of MMA.

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Somatosensory deficits in post‐ACL reconstruction patients: A case–control study
Authors: Hoch Johanna M. , Perkins William O. , Hartman Jonathan R. , Hoch Matthew C.
Published: May 2016

Introduction: Diminished cutaneous detection thresholds have been identified in patients with multiple orthopedic conditions, and these phenomena may occur in postanterior cruciate ligament reconstructed (ACLR) patients. The purpose of this study was to determine if differences in lower extremity cutaneous detection thresholds exist in post‐ACLR patients when compared with healthy controls. Methods: Fifteen individuals who were post‐ACLR and 15 individuals who had no history of knee injury participated. Light touch cutaneous detection thresholds were assessed at 4 locations on the foot and ankle (first metatarsal, fifth metatarsal, medial malleolus, and lateral malleolus). Nonparametric statistics examined group differences between the sites. Results: ACLR subjects had decreased cutaneous sensation at the first metatarsal and medial malleolus compared with healthy controls. Conclusions: Somatosensory deficits are present in post‐ACLR patients. Future research should investigate these phenomena longitudinally in post‐ACLR individuals along with somatosensory targeted interventions. Muscle Nerve 55: 5–8, 2017
Echo intensity independently predicts functionality in sedentary older men
Authors: Lopez Pedro , Wilhelm Eurico Nestor , Rech Anderson , Minozzo Felipe , Radaelli Regis , Pinto Ronei Silveira
Published: May 2016

Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between quadriceps muscle functionality features in nonactive older men to determine predictors of functional performance. Methods: Quadriceps functional parameters, including quadriceps echo intensity (QEI), rate of torque development (RTD), and the 30 s sit‐to‐stand test (30SS), were assessed in 50 healthy sedentary older men (66 ± 5.4 years). RTD/QEI ratios were also calculated to identify the best predictor of functional performance. Results: 30SS performance was associated with RTD, muscle thickness, RTD‐50/QEI, RTD‐100/QEI, RTD‐50/QEI/WBM, and RTD‐100/QEI/WBM. A multiple stepwise linear regression demonstrated that QEI was the best single predictor of functional performance, explaining ∼30% of the 30SS variance. Conclusions: These results indicate that QEI was the strongest contributor to functionality of nonactive older men, suggesting that QEI may be an alternative tool for screening of muscle impairment that leads to decreased functional performance in this population. Muscle Nerve 55: 9–15, 2017
Clinical features and long exercise test in Chinese patients with Andersen‐Tawil syndrome
Authors: Song Jie , Luo Sushan , Cheng Xin , Yue Dongyue , Zhu Wenhua , Lin Jie , Huang Jun , Lu Jiahong , Zhao Chongbo , Qiao Kai
Published: May 2016

Introduction: Andersen‐Tawil syndrome (ATS) is a rare multisystem channelopathy characterized by periodic paralysis, ventricular arrhythmias, and developmental dysmorphology. There are few reports concerning ATS in the Chinese population. We analyzed clinical features and evaluated the long exercise test as a tool for diagnosis of periodic paralysis in ATS. Methods: Direct sequencing of KCNJ2 was performed in 12 subjects from mainland China with suspected ATS. Clinical features, therapeutic responses, and long exercise tests (LET) were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Twelve patients were genetically confirmed to have ATS. A small mandible and clinodactyly were demonstrated in all patients. Premature ventricular contractions were the most prevalent form of cardiac arrhythmia. The LET revealed an early amplitude decrement. Conclusions: Chinese ATS patients shared some common clinical features with reported subjects in other countries. An early amplitude decrement in LET may be useful for diagnosis of ATS. Muscle Nerve 54: 1059–1063, 2016
Exploitation of a Seasonal Resource: Bird Hunting During the Late Natufian at Shubayqa 1
Authors: Yeomans L. , Richter T.
Published: May 2016

This paper discusses the Late Natufian avifaunal remains from Shubayqa 1, a Late Epipalaeolithic site situated in north‐east Jordan. The site has produced an exceptionally large and well‐preserved assemblage of bird bones recovered from a substantial midden deposit, and from the analysis of this material, we argue that there is evidence for en masse hunting of seasonally migrating waterfowl during the occupation of the site. The abundance of waterfowl and the hunting strategies employed to capture this prey must have resulted in a plentiful supply of meat, enabling the choicest parts of the birds to be quickly removed from the rest of the carcass. The tibiotarsus bones were also frequently taken back to the habitation site for use as a raw material, possibly for bead manufacture. Extensive hunting of the birds was not a result of resource pressure as often argued; instead, people chose to take advantage of a particularly abundant prey population during the winter months. This evidence casts a critical light on the suggestion that population growth and environmental change forced late Pleistocene hunter‐gatherers in the Levant to expand their subsistence base to include lower‐ranked prey species. Our data also have implications for the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the landscape. The presence of a few bones of birds other than waterfowl suggests these species had minimal importance to the diet of the inhabitants and bones from diurnal raptors may have been collected to be used in decorative items or as tools rather than reflecting the hunting of these species for food. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary psychological benefits of mindfulness meditation training in a sample of men diagnosed with prostate cancer on active surveillance: results from a randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Victorson David , Hankin Vered , Burns James , Weiland Rebecca , Maletich Carly , Sufrin Nathaniel , Schuette Stephanie , Gutierrez Bruriah , Brendler Charles
Published: May 2016

Objective

In a pilot randomized controlled trial, examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an 8‐week, mindfulness training program (Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction) in a sample of men on active surveillance on important psychological outcomes including prostate cancer anxiety, uncertainty intolerance and posttraumatic growth.

Methods

Men were randomized to either mindfulness (n = 24) or an attention control arm (n = 19) and completed self‐reported measures of prostate cancer anxiety, uncertainty intolerance, global quality of life, mindfulness and posttraumatic growth at baseline, 8 weeks, 6 months and 12 months.

Results

Participants in the mindfulness arm demonstrated significant decreases in prostate cancer anxiety and uncertainty intolerance, and significant increases in mindfulness, global mental health and posttraumatic growth. Participants in the control condition also demonstrated significant increases in mindfulness over time. Longitudinal increases in posttraumatic growth were significantly larger in the mindfulness arm than they were in the control arm.

Conclusions

While mindfulness training was found to be generally feasible and acceptable among participants who enrolled in the 8‐week intervention as determined by completion rates and open‐ended survey responses, the response rate between initial enrollment and the total number of men approached was lower than desired (47%). While larger sample sizes are necessary to examine the efficacy of mindfulness training on important psychological outcomes, in this pilot study posttraumatic growth was shown to significantly increase over time for men in the treatment group. Mindfulness training has the potential to help men cope more effectively with some of the stressors and uncertainties associated with active surveillance.

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multicenter study on the utility and safety of EBUS‐TBNA and EUS‐B‐FNA in children
Authors: Dhooria Sahajal , Madan Karan , Pattabhiraman Vallandramam , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Mehta Ravindra , Vishwanath Gella , Srinivasan Arjun , Sivaramakrishnan Mahadevan , Mohan Anant , Mathew Joseph L. , Kabra Sushil K. , Guleria Randeep , Behera Digambar , Agarwal Ritesh
Published: May 2016

Background and Aim

Endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) and endoscopic ultrasound with an echobronchoscope‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐B‐FNA) are useful modalities in the evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy in adults; however, there is sparse data in children. The aim of this multicenter study is to describe the efficacy and safety of EBUS‐TBNA and EUS‐B‐FNA in children with mediastinal lymphadenopathy of undefined etiology.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of consecutive pediatric (<18 years) subjects who underwent EBUS‐TBNA or EUS‐B‐FNA for the evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The demographic characteristics, indications, procedural details, pathological, cytological and microbiological diagnosis, diagnostic yield, and complications are presented.

Results

Of the 3,424 EBUS/EUS‐B‐FNA procedures, 67 (1.9%) were performed in the pediatric (3–17 years) population. Of these, 19 (28.4%) were performed in children ≤12 years of age. Overall, EBUS‐TBNA and EUS‐B‐FNA were performed in 53 and 12 subjects, respectively. In two subjects, no significant lymph node was seen on EBUS. The procedure was performed under moderate sedation in spontaneously breathing subjects in 54 (80.6%) instances. An adequate sample was obtained in 60 (92.3%) subjects while a diagnostic sample was obtained in 37 (56.9%) of the 65 subjects. The diagnostic yield was not significantly different (P = 0.59) between EBUS‐TBNA (58.5%) and EUS‐B‐FNA (50%). The sensitivity of EBUS‐TBNA/EUS‐B‐FNA was 79.1% and led to a change in diagnosis in 28 (41.8%) subjects. Complications, all minor were encountered in six (8.9%) subjects.

Conclusions

EBUS‐TBNA and EUS‐B‐FNA are safe techniques with a good diagnostic yield in the evaluation of children with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:1031–1039. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cancer Stem Cell-Secreted Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Stimulates Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cell Function and Facilitates Glioblastoma Immune Evasion
Authors: Otvos Balint , Silver Daniel J. , Mulkearns-Hubert Erin E. , Alvarado Alvaro G. , Turaga Soumya M. , Sorensen Mia D. , Rayman Patricia , Flavahan William A , Hale James S. , Stoltz Kevin , Sinyuk Maksim , Wu Qiulian , Jarrar Awad , Kim Sung-Hak , Fox Paul L. , Nakano Ichiro , Rich Jeremy N. , Ransohoff Richard M. , Finke James , Kristensen Bjarne W. , Vogelbaum Michael A. , Lathia Justin D.
Published: May 2016

Shifting the balance away from tumor-mediated immune suppression toward tumor immune rejection is the conceptual foundation for a variety of immunotherapy efforts currently being tested. These efforts largely focus on activating antitumor immune responses but are confounded by multiple immune cell populations, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which serve to suppress immune system function. We have identified immune-suppressive MDSCs in the brains of GBM patients and found that they were in close proximity to self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs). MDSCs were selectively depleted using 5-flurouracil (5-FU) in a low-dose administration paradigm, which resulted in prolonged survival in a syngeneic mouse model of glioma. In coculture studies, patient-derived CSCs but not nonstem tumor cells selectively drove MDSC-mediated immune suppression. A cytokine screen revealed that CSCs secreted multiple factors that promoted this activity, including macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which was produced at high levels by CSCs. Addition of MIF increased production of the immune-suppressive enzyme arginase-1 in MDSCs in a CXCR2-dependent manner, whereas blocking MIF reduced arginase-1 production. Similarly to 5-FU, targeting tumor-derived MIF conferred a survival advantage to tumor-bearing animals and increased the cytotoxic T cell response within the tumor. Importantly, tumor cell proliferation, survival, and self-renewal were not impacted by MIF reduction, demonstrating that MIF is primarily an indirect promoter of GBM progression, working to suppress immune rejection by activating and protecting immune suppressive MDSCs within the GBM tumor microenvironment.
The PI3K/AKT/c-MYC Axis Promotes the Acquisition of Cancer Stem-Like Features in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Hai-Feng , Wu Chengsheng , Alshareef Abdulraheem , Gupta Nidhi , Zhao Qing , Xu Xiu-E , Jiao Ji-Wei , Li En-Min , Xu Li-Yan , Lai Raymond
Published: May 2016

The importance of intratumoral heterogeneity has been highlighted by the identification and characterization of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Based on the differential responsiveness to a Sox2 reporter, SRR2, we had found a novel dichotomy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells, with reporter-responsive (RR) cells showing more CSC-like features than reporter-unresponsive (RU) cells. Specifically, RR cells exhibited significantly higher tumorsphere formation capacity, proportions of CD44High cells, chemoresistance to cisplatin, and tumorigenic potential in vivo. H2O2, a potent inducer of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species, was found to induce a conversion from RU to RR cells; importantly, converted RR cells acquired CSC-like features. The PI3K/AKT/c-MYC signalling axis is important in this context, since pharmacologic blockade of PI3K-AKT or siRNA knockdown of c-MYC effectively inhibited the RR phenotype and its associated CSC-like features, as well as the H2O2-induced RU/RR conversion. In a cohort of 188 ESCC patient samples, we found a significant correlation between strong c-MYC expression and a short overall survival (p = .009). In conclusion, we have described a novel intratumoral heterogeneity in ESCC. The identification of the PI3K/AKT/c-MYC axis as a driver of CSC-like features carries therapeutic implications.
Barx2 and Pax7 Regulate Axin2 Expression in Myoblasts by Interaction with β-Catenin and Chromatin Remodelling
Authors: Hulin Julie-Ann , Nguyen Thi Diem Tran , Cui Shuang , Marri Shashikanth , Yu Ruth T. , Downes Michael , Evans Ronald M. , Makarenkova Helen , Meech Robyn
Published: May 2016

Satellite cells are the resident stem cells of skeletal muscle; quiescent in adults until activated by injury to generate proliferating myoblasts. The canonical Wnt signalling pathway, mediated by T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) and β-catenin effector proteins, controls myoblast differentiation in vitro, and recent work suggests that timely termination of the Wnt/β-catenin signal is important for normal adult myogenesis. We recently identified the Barx2 and Pax7 homeobox proteins as novel components of the Wnt effector complex. Here, we examine molecular and epigenetic mechanisms by which Barx2 and Pax7 regulate the canonical Wnt target gene Axin2, which mediates critical feedback to terminate the transcriptional response to Wnt signals. Barx2 is recruited to the Axin2 gene via TCF/LEF binding sites, recruits β-catenin and the coactivator GRIP-1, and induces local H3K-acetylation. Barx2 also promotes nuclear localization of β-catenin. Conversely, Pax7 represses Axin2 promoter/intron activity and inhibits Barx2-mediated H3K-acetylation via the corepressor HDAC1. Wnt3a not only induces Barx2 mRNA, but also stabilises Barx2 protein in myoblasts; conversely, Wnt3a potently inhibits Pax7 protein expression. As Barx2 promotes myogenic differentiation and Pax7 suppresses it, this novel posttranscriptional regulation of Barx2 and Pax7 by Wnt3a may be involved in the specification of differentiation-competent and -incompetent myoblast populations. Finally, we propose a model for dual function of Barx2 downstream of Wnt signals: activation of myogenic target genes in association with canonical myogenic regulatory factors, and regulation of the negative feedback loop that limits the response of myoblasts to Wnt signals via direct interaction of Barx2 with the TCF/β-catenin complex.
Brain Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Directs the Transition from Stem Cells to Mature Neurons During Postnatal/Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis
Authors: Nieto-Estévez Vanesa , Oueslati-Morales Carlos O. , Li Lingling , Pickel James , Morales Aixa V. , Vicario-Abejón Carlos
Published: May 2016

The specific actions of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and the role of brain-derived IGF-I during hippocampal neurogenesis have not been fully defined. To address the influence of IGF-I on the stages of hippocampal neurogenesis, we studied a postnatal/adult global Igf-I knockout (KO) mice (Igf-I−/−) and a nervous system Igf-I conditional KO (Igf-IΔ/Δ). In both KO mice we found an accumulation of Tbr2+-intermediate neuronal progenitors, some of which were displaced in the outer granule cell layer (GCL) and the molecular layer (ML) of the dentate gyrus (DG). Similarly, more ectopic Ki67+- cycling cells were detected. Thus, the GCL was disorganized with significant numbers of Prox1+-granule neurons outside this layer and altered morphology of radial glial cells (RGCs). Dividing progenitors were also generated in greater numbers in clonal hippocampal stem cell (HPSC) cultures from the KO mice. Indeed, higher levels of Hes5 and Ngn2, transcription factors that maintain the stem and progenitor cell state, were expressed in both HPSCs and the GCL-ML from the Igf-IΔ/Δ mice. To determine the impact of Igf-I deletion on neuronal generation in vivo, progenitors in Igf-I−/− and Igf-I+/+ mice were labeled with a GFP-expressing vector. This revealed that in the Igf-I−/− mice more GFP+-immature neurons were formed and they had less complex dendritic trees. These findings indicate that local IGF-I plays critical roles during postnatal/adult hippocampal neurogenesis, regulating the transition from HPSCs and progenitors to mature granule neurons in a cell stage-dependent manner.
PIXE‐alpha non‐destructive and in situ compositional investigation of black gloss on ancient pottery
Authors: Pappalardo L. , Barresi S. , Biondi G. , Caliri C. , Caruso F. , Catalano R. , Lamagna G. , Manenti G. A. , Monterosso G. , Orlando A. , Rizzo F. , Romano F.P. , Santos H.C.
Published: May 2016

The chemical characterization of the black gloss on ancient pottery is, since several years, the object of different scientific investigations.

Among the different typologies of black gloss, the Attic one is the most refined, because it is prepared by using a fine suspension of an illitic clay applied on the surface of the clay body so that, after an oxiding‐reducing‐oxiding firing cycle at high temperature (800–950 °C), it reaches the typical shiny black aspect.

Red figure vases were largely produced in South Italy often reaching a high artistic level. This is the case of the Sicilian red figure vases, sometimes called ‘Sicelioti’, whose production began in Sicily around the end of the fifth century BC and continued until the beginning of the third century BC.

The aim of this work is to submit and compare a selection of data related to the chemical composition of the surface black gloss of some Attic and Sicilian red figure vases: This has been investigated, and a chemical‐based discrimination has been proposed.

The non‐destructive particle‐induced X‐ray emission‐alpha portable spectrometer was used.

The results, carried out in situ at the ‘Paolo Orsi’ Archaeological Museum in Syracuse (Sicily), together with the ones recently obtained in similar analyses at the Archaeological Museum of Catania University, confirmed the compositional stability of Attic vase black gloss and indicated that in a well‐defined time period, the chemical composition of the Sicilian black gloss decorations is very stable and superimposable with that of the contemporary Attic artifacts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Yeast biota of naturally fermented black olives in different brines made from cv. Gemlik grown in various districts of the Cukurova region of Turkey
Authors: Leventdurur Sezgi , Sert‐Aydın Selvihan , Boyaci‐Gunduz C. Pelin , Agirman Bilal , Ben Ghorbal Akram , Francesca Nicola , Martorana Alessandra , Erten Hüseyin
Published: May 2016

In this study, the yeast microbiota of naturally fermented black olives made from cv. Gemlik, grown in three different districts of the Çukurova region of Turkey, were investigated. Fermentations were conducted for 180 days in three different brines, including NaCl 10% w/v, NaCl 8% w/v and NaCl 8% w/v added with glucose 0.5%. In total, 223 yeasts were isolated and then identified by PCR–RFLP analysis of the 5.8S ITS rRNA region and sequence information for the D1/D2 domains of the 26S rRNA gene. A broad range of yeast biodiversity was identified, including eight genera and nine species. Candida boidinii (41%), Wickerhamomyces anomalus (32%) and Saccharomyces sp. (18%) were predominant yeasts throughout the fermentations. To a lesser extent, the other species, Candida aaseri, Meyerozyma sp., Zygoascus hellenicus, Pichia kudriavzevii, Schwanniomyces etchellsii and Candida atlantica were also members of the olive‐fermenting microbiota. In Tarsus and Bahçe districts C. boidinii and in Serinyol district Saccharomyces sp. were the most frequently identified species. W. anomalus was the most frequently isolated species (by 48% of total yeasts) in NaCl 10% brines. C. boidinii was the most dominant species in the brines, including NaCl 8% and NaCl 8% + glucose 0.5%, with frequencies of 42% and 61%, respectively. At the end of the 180 days of fermentation, total acidity values of the brines were in the range 1.04–8.1 g/l lactic acid. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Archetype Tungsten Iodide Cluster Compound W3I8
Authors: Ströbele Markus , Meyer H. ‐Jürgen
Published: May 2016

The tungsten iodide W3I8 is obtained by thermal conversion of W3I12. The crystal structure of W3I8 was solved and refined by means of powder X‐ray diffraction techniques. The structure is based on a nearly trigonal tungsten cluster core, with six edge‐capping iodido ligands and three apical iodido ligands, of which two are shared between clusters to generate chains. Cluster chains in the structure are arranged following the pattern of a sinusoidal wave.
Incisional Hernia Rates After Laparoscopic or Open Abdominal Surgery—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kössler‐Ebs Julia B. , Grummich Kathrin , Jensen Katrin , Hüttner Felix J. , Müller‐Stich Beat , Seiler Christoph M. , Knebel Phillip , Büchler Markus W. , Diener Markus K.
Published: May 2016

Background

Incisional hernias are one of the most common long‐term complications associated with open abdominal surgery. The aim of this review and meta‐analysis was to systematically assess laparoscopic versus open abdominal surgery as a general surgical strategy in all available indications in terms of incisional hernia occurrence.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials comparing incisional hernia rates after laparoscopic versus open abdominal surgery in all indications. Random effects meta‐analyses were calculated and presented as risk differences (RD) with their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI).

Results

24 trials (3490 patients) were included. Incisional hernias were significantly reduced in the laparoscopic group (RD −0.06, 95 % CI [−0.09, −0.03], p = 0.0002, I2 = 75). The advantage of the laparoscopic procedure persisted in the subgroup of total‐laparoscopic interventions (RD −0.14, 95 % CI [−0.22, −0.06], p = 0.001, I2 = 87 %), whereas laparoscopically assisted procedures did not show a significant reduction of incisional hernias compared to open surgery (RD −0.01, 95 % CI [−0.03, 0.01], p = 0.31, I2 = 35 %). Wound infections were significantly reduced in the laparoscopic group (RD −0.06, 95 % CI [−0.09, −0.03], p < 0.0001, I2 = 35 %); overall postoperative morbidity was comparable in both groups (RD −0.06, 95 % CI [−0.13, 0.00], p = 0.06; I2 = 64 %). Open abdominal surgery showed a significantly longer hospital stay compared to laparoscopy (RD −1.92, 95 % CI [−2.67, −1.17], p < 0.00001, I2 = 87 %). At short‐term follow‐up, quality of life was in favor of laparoscopy.

Conclusions

Incisional hernias are less frequent using the total‐laparoscopic approach instead of open abdominal surgery. Whenever possible, the less traumatic access should be chosen.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Idiopathic Infantile Arterial Calcification
Authors: Gowda Mamatha , Papa Dasari , Sagili Haritha , Subbai Murali
Published: May 2016

Idiopathic infantile arterial calcification is a rare disorder which is generally fatal and characterized by extensive calcification of large- and medium-sized arteries. The diagnosis is usually made at autopsy or in the neonatal period, when there is cardiac failure. Prenatal diagnosis is possible in the latter half of pregnancy when there are hyperechoic vessel walls, hypertrophied ventricular musculature, and nonimmune fetal hydrops. There are only few cases reported to have been diagnosed antenatally. The inheritance is autosomal recessive and most of the affected individuals have mutations in ENPP1 and ABCC6 genes. Molecular genetic tests and genetic counseling should be offered to provide early prenatal diagnosis in subsequent pregnancies.
Fatal Honey Poisoning Caused by Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F in Southwest China: A Case Series
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Chen Xinguang , Chen Shunan , Liu Zhitao , Wan Rong , Li Juanjuan
Published: May 2016

Mad honey poisoning has been reported in many countries, and it seldom results in death. We describe a rare case series of fatal honey poisoning caused by Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) in Southwest China. Three male construction workers were delivered to the emergency department with symptoms of food poisoning after ingestion of wild raw honey. Laboratory results showed that the 3 patients were at different degrees of renal damage, and 1 patient with severe symptoms died of acute renal failure 1 day after admission. Pollen analysis indicated that the suspected honey was heavily contaminated with TwHF pollen. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for such poisoning. Pollen analysis is a practical approach to help diagnosis in remote areas where such honey poisoning occurs.
Seasonal Variation of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcuspneumoniae Bacteremia According to Acquisition and Patient Characteristics: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Gradel Kim Oren , Nielsen Stig Lønberg , Pedersen Court , Knudsen Jenny Dahl , Østergaard Christian , Arpi Magnus , Jensen Thøger Gorm , Kolmos Hans Jørn , Søgaard Mette , Lassen Annmarie Touborg , Schønheyder Henrik Carl ,   for the Danish Collaborative Bacteraemia Network (DACOBAN) and the Danish Observational Registry of Infectious Syndromes (DORIS)
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE

Seasonal variation is a characteristic of many infectious diseases, but relatively little is known about determinants thereof. We studied the impact of place of acquisition and patient characteristics on seasonal variation of bacteremia caused by the 3 most common pathogens.

DESIGN

Seasonal variation analysis.

METHODS

In 3 Danish health regions (2.3 million total inhabitants), patients with bacteremia were identified from 2000 through 2011 using information from laboratory information systems. Analyses were confined to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Additional data were obtained from the Danish National Hospital Registry for the construction of admission histories and calculation of the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Bacteremias were categorized as community acquired, healthcare associated (HCA), and hospital acquired. We defined multiple subgroups by combining the following characteristics: species, acquisition, age group, gender, CCI level, and location of infection. Assuming a sinusoidal model, seasonal variation was assessed by the peak-to-trough (PTT) ratio with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS

In total, we included 16,006 E. coli, 6,924 S. aureus, and 4,884 S. pneumoniae bacteremia cases. For E. coli, the seasonal variation was highest for community-acquired cases (PTT ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.17–1.32), was diminished for HCA (PTT ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04–1.25), and was missing for hospital-acquired cases. No seasonal variation was observed for S. aureus. S. pneumoniae showed high seasonal variation, which did not differ according to acquisition (overall PTT ratio, 3.42; 95% CI, 3.10–3.83).

CONCLUSIONS

Seasonal variation was mainly related to the species although the place of acquisition was important for E. coli.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:946–953
Transitions for Students With Intellectual Disability and/or Autism Spectrum Disorder: Carer and Teacher Perspectives
Authors: Strnadová Iva , Cumming Therese M. , Danker Joanne
Published: May 2016

Schooling transitions are often challenging experiences for students with intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder (ID/ASD), their families, and their teachers. Transition processes, particularly planning, can facilitate successful transitions from primary to secondary schools, and to postschool settings. Bronfenbrenner's ecological model served as a theoretical framework to examine parents’ and teachers’ experiences with transitions for students with ID/ASD attending special schools. The authors interviewed 14 carers and 13 teachers of students with ID/ASD attending special government schools in New South Wales. The interviews were analysed using content analysis. The findings of this small-scale Australian study indicate that although transition practices varied widely by school, both parents and teachers perceived that more can be done to support students with ID/ASD during these times. School–home collaboration and access to information about postschool settings were areas that were emphasised by both groups. Furthermore, the lack of student involvement in transition meetings was of great concern, given that student-focused planning is a well-established evidence-based transition practice. The processes that are implemented to support students with ID/ASD require closer scrutiny, as results revealed inconsistencies in transition planning across schools, and both parents and teachers suggested ways to strengthen transition processes.
THE END OF AMNESTY OR REGIONAL OVERREACH? INTERPRETING THE EROSION OF SOUTH AMERICA’S AMNESTY LAWS
Authors: Mallinder Louise
Published: May 2016

The atrocious abuses committed under South America's dictators resulted in a wave of amnesties. Following transitions to democracy, challenges from victims and civil society unpicked several of these amnesties, leading to hundreds of perpetrators facing prosecution. These developments prompted far-reaching claims in academic literature and policy reports regarding the significance of the erosion of South America's amnesties for shaping international legal norms and policy preferences on amnesties within the region and beyond. This article draws on a comparative analysis of case law from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and national courts as well as legislative changes to argue that there is a regional trend to move away from broad, unconditional amnesties enacted during or after dictatorial rule. However, it notes that this is not universal across the region, nor does it represent a rejection of all forms of amnesty. The article then tests the claims being made in the literature regarding the significance of the regional trend on the legality, durability and desirability of amnesties. It finds that there is little evidence to support claims that the regional developments are indicative of a broader normative shift. It concludes by identifying the risks posed by regional overreach.
Involving Parents in Improving Children's Learning at School: Policy Issues for Behavioural Research
Authors: Glynn Ted , Fairweather Rachel , Donald Steven
Published: May 2016

This paper examines some of the policy issues arising from behavioural approaches to involving parents in improving their children's learning at school. Issues raised include (a) the researcher's role in establishing equitable partnerships between parents and teachers, (b) reducing educational inequalities, and (c) designing research to examine generalisation of children's learning across home and school settings, and the effects of implementing components of intervention at home and at school. The paper discusses particular challenges for applied behavioural research presented by each of these issues.
Neural Correlates of Emotional Contagion Induced by Happy and Sad	Expressions
Authors: Harada Tokiko , Hayashi Akiko , Sadato Norihiro , Iidaka Tetsuya
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Facial expressions play a significant role in displaying feelings. A person’s facial expression automatically induces a similar emotional feeling in an observer; this phenomenon is known as emotional contagion. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying such emotional responses. We conducted an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to examine the neural substrates involved in automatic responses and emotional feelings induced by movies of another person’s happy and sad facial expressions. The fMRI data revealed observing happiness (vs. sadness) evoked activity in the left anterior cingulate gyrus, which is known to be responsible for positive emotional processing and fear inhibition. Conversely, observing sadness (vs. happiness) increased activity in the right superior temporal sulcus and bilateral inferior parietal lobes, which have been reported to be involved in negative emotional processing and the representation of facial movements. In addition, both expressions evoked activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus. These patterns of activity suggest that the observation of dynamic facial expressions automatically elicited dissociable and partially overlapping responses for happy and sad emotions.
Slow Wave Activity Related to Working Memory Maintenance in the	N-Back Task
Authors: Bailey Kira , Mlynarczyk Gregory , West Robert
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Working memory supports our ability to maintain goal-relevant information that guides cognition in the face of distraction or competing tasks. The N-back task has been widely used in cognitive neuroscience to examine the functional neuroanatomy of working memory. Fewer studies have capitalized on the temporal resolution of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to examine the time course of neural activity in the N-back task. The primary goal of the current study was to characterize slow wave activity observed in the response-to-stimulus interval in the N-back task that may be related to maintenance of information between trials in the task. In three experiments, we examined the effects of N-back load, interference, and response accuracy on the amplitude of the P3b following stimulus onset and slow wave activity elicited in the response-to-stimulus interval. Consistent with previous research, the amplitude of the P3b decreased as N-back load increased. Slow wave activity over the frontal and posterior regions of the scalp was sensitive to N-back load and was insensitive to interference or response accuracy. Together these findings lead to the suggestion that slow wave activity observed in the response-to-stimulus interval is related to the maintenance of information between trials in the 1-back task.
A Biomarker of Risk-Prone Behavioral Phenotype Correlates With	Winning in a Game of Skill
Authors: Otsa Maive , Paaver Marika , Harro Jaanus , Bachmann Talis
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The predisposition to take risk is a personality trait associated with dangerous or maladaptive behavior. Related to this, biomarkers associated with risk proneness such as low platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity level are typically considered as prognostic for higher likelihood of undesirable behavior in real-life settings. In this study we explored whether this biomarker is also indicative of risk proneness in a game situation where serious real-life adaptations and motivations are absent or minimized and risk is more or less symbolic. We adapted a game of skill where in order to get a high score “risky” actions had to be taken by the players. Scores obtained in the game correlated with the (relatively low) platelet MAO activity. Our results show that (1) the same markers that are informative for real-life behavior and adaptations involving risk and/or sensorimotor skills based performance may be informative also in a game setting, (2) in specific circumstances biomarkers associated with predisposition to risk may be associated with success, and (3) the novel game of skill tested in this context has a potential to be developed to a model of risk-involving behavior allowing quantifiable dependent measures of performance and purposeful manipulation of variables without real adverse effects on health or social relations.
Engineering the Charge Transfer in all 2D Graphene-Nanoplatelets Heterostructure Photodetectors
Authors: Robin A. , Lhuillier E. , Xu X. Z. , Ithurria S. , Aubin H. , Ouerghi A. , Dubertret B.
Published: May 2016

Two dimensional layered (i.e. van der Waals) heterostructures open up great prospects, especially in photodetector applications. In this context, the control of the charge transfer between the constituting layers is of crucial importance. Compared to bulk or 0D system, 2D materials are characterized by a large exciton binding energy (0.1–1 eV) which considerably affects the magnitude of the charge transfer. Here we investigate a model system made from colloidal 2D CdSe nanoplatelets and epitaxial graphene in a phototransistor configuration. We demonstrate that using a heterostructured layered material, we can tune the magnitude and the direction (i.e. electron or hole) of the charge transfer. We further evidence that graphene functionalization by nanocrystals only leads to a limited change in the magnitude of the 1/f noise. These results draw some new directions to design van der Waals heterostructures with enhanced optoelectronic properties.
Oxytocin Protects against Stress-Induced Cell Death in Murine Pancreatic β-Cells
Authors: Watanabe Sayaka , Wei Fan-Yan , Matsunaga Tomomi , Matsunaga Nanami , Kaitsuka Taku , Tomizawa Kazuhito
Published: May 2016

Oxytocin (Oxt) is a key neuropeptide that regulates maternal behaviors as well as social behaviors in mammals. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that the impairment of Oxt signaling is associated with the disturbance of metabolic homeostasis, resulting in obesity and diabetes. However, the molecular mechanism by which Oxt signaling controls metabolic responses is largely unknown. Here, we report that Oxt signaling attenuates the death of pancreatic beta cells in islets exposed to cytotoxic stresses. The protective effect of Oxt was diminished in islets isolated from oxytocin receptor knockout (Oxtr−/−) mice. Oxtr−/− mice developed normally, but exhibited impaired insulin secretion and showed glucose intolerance under a high-fat diet. Mechanistically, the deficiency of Oxtr impaired MAPK/ERK-CREB signaling, which exaggerated the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and ultimately increased the death of beta cells in pancreatic islets under stressed conditions. These results reveal that Oxt protects pancreatic beta cells against death caused by metabolic stress and Oxt signaling may be a potential therapeutic target.
Enhanced DSSCs efficiency via Cooperate co-absorbance (CdS QDs) and plasmonic core-shell nanoparticle (Ag@PVP)
Authors: Amiri Omid , Salavati-Niasari Masoud , Bagheri Samira , Yousefi Amin Termeh
Published: May 2016

This paper describes cooperate the co-absorbance (CdS QDs) and the plasmonic core-shell nanoparticles (Ag@PVP) of dye synthesized solar cells in which CdS QDs and Ag@PVP are incorporated into the TiO2 layer. Cooperative nanoparticles show superior behavior on enhancing light absorption in comparison with reference cells. Cooperated DSSC exhibits the best performance with the power conversion efficiency of 7.64% which is superior to that of the free–modified DSSC with the PCE of 5%. Detailed studies offer an effective approach to enhance the efficiency of dye synthesized solar cells.