bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical review: The relationship between the implementation of a contract work system and employee job insecurity
Authors: Nicky Gilang Wicaksono  , Intan Mustika Jati  , Aisyah Nurul Azizah
Published: October 2024

The emergence of the implementation of the contract work system, makes employees feel insecure about the certainty of their long-term employment. This contract work system is implemented by companies to increase efficiency and responsiveness to market changes. However, this can cause job insecurity. The purpose of this study is to review previous research conducted on the topic of contract or flexible work system practices and job insecurity and another purpose is to analyze the relationship between contract or flexible work system practices and job insecurity. This study is descriptive and empirical data investigations linking contract or flexible work system practices and job insecurity have been conducted to understand the relationship between the two. The implementation of a contract or flexible work system makes employees experience higher levels of stress followed by prolonged anxiety related to their future careers. The implementation of the work system makes these employees have no job security in the long term. There are two suggestions in this research. First, the company must review the work system, taking into account the various impacts experienced by employees. Second, the government must implement a policy or law that can protect the rights of workers whose work system is contractual, such as establishing a work system and providing more appropriate compensation.
A study on QT dispersion and thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: MUHAMMED MUSHTAQ AHMED  , ASHOK P YENKANCHI  , HABIBULLAH ATTAR  , SAIFUDDIN SARGIRO  , SHARHAN PP
Published: October 2024

Background: Myocardial infarction is a major manifestation of ischemic heart disease, a leading cause of death in developed nations and the third globally. QTc dispersion is an important marker of ventricular repolarization variations and arrhythmogenic risk. This study examines the effects of thrombolytic therapy on QTc dispersion in acute myocardial infarction Materials and methods: 88 patients admitted to Al Ameen Medical College Hospital, Vijayapur, for acute MI were included in the study. Over a period of 8±2 days, all patients underwent monitoring, with standard 12-lead ECGs conducted upon admission and before discharge. QT interval, QTc interval, and QT and QTc dispersion parameters were calculated from these ECGs. Results: Analysis revealed significant variations in QT parameters between patients treated and not treated with thrombolytic therapy. Patients receiving thrombolytic therapy exhibited greater reductions in QT parameters by day 8±2 compared to those without treatment. Additionally, anterior wall infarctions demonstrated significantly higher QT and QTc dispersions compared to inferior wall infarctions, with these differences being statistically significant. Conclusion: In the early stages of acute myocardial infarction, patients, especially those diagnosed with anterior myocardial infarction, exhibited significantly elevated QT and QTc dispersions. Thrombolytic treatment resulted in substantial reductions in these dispersions compared to untreated individuals. Typically peaking within the initial hours of the condition, these dispersions subsequently decline following successful thrombolysis, underscoring their significance in risk assessment for malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias and reinforcing the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy
The effect of organic manure on the production of jute (Corchorus olitorius)
Authors: Patience Abidemi Omololu  , Victor Olusola Omololu  , Ayosunkanmi Temitope Ogunrinde  , Anuoluwapo Olanrewaju
Published: October 2024

Field experiments to investigate the effect of different sources of organic manure (Swine manure (SM), Poultry manure (PM), Cattle manure (CM), Rabbit urine manure (RUM)) on production of Jute (Corchorus olitorius) was carried out. The experimental site was cleared and cultivated (tilled and fertilized). Treatments were laid out before planting at once, there was no re-application of treatment. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters (Foliage, Plant height and Plant fresh weight). There was a significant difference in the foliage of Corchorus olitorius treated with SM, PM, CM, and RUM when compared with the control group. The foliage of Corchorus olitorius with PM treatment is significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with other organic manure treatment except for CM. Significant increase (P<0.05) in the height of Corchorus olitorius was obvious in all the treatment group when compared with control. There is no significant difference (P>0.05) in the height of jute across the organic manure treatment groups (SM, PM and RUM) but there is a significant increase in the plant height of PM when compared CM. SM, PM and RUM significantly increase the fresh weight of the plant when compared with the control and CM. There was a numerical increase in the plant fresh weight of PM when compared to other treatment groups. From this experimental study, PM consistently increased the number of leaves, the fresh plant weight and plant height significantly and it is recommended for Corchorus olitorius production.
AI-driven predictive maintenance and optimization of renewable energy systems for enhanced operational efficiency and longevity
Authors: Sakiru Folarin Bello  , Ifeoluwa Uchechukwu Wada  , Olukayode B Ige  , Ernest C Chianumba  , Samod Adetunji Adebayo
Published: October 2024

The rapid growth of renewable energy systems necessitates advanced strategies for maintenance and optimization to ensure long-term operational efficiency and sustainability. Traditional approaches often fall short in predicting failures and optimizing performance across diverse and dynamic renewable energy infrastructures. This study investigates the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for predictive maintenance and optimization of renewable energy systems, with the aim of enhancing operational efficiency and extending system longevity. We employ a combination of machine learning algorithms, including deep neural networks and reinforcement learning, to develop predictive models and optimization strategies. These models are trained on large-scale datasets collected from operational wind farms, solar installations, and hydroelectric plants. Our results demonstrate that AI-driven approaches can predict equipment failures with 92% accuracy, reducing unplanned downtime by 35% compared to traditional methods. Moreover, AI-optimized operational parameters improved overall energy output by 8.5% across the studied systems. The proposed framework also showed adaptability to various environmental conditions and system configurations, suggesting broad applicability across the renewable energy sector. This research underscores the significant potential of AI in revolutionizing maintenance practices and operational strategies in renewable energy systems, paving the way for more reliable, efficient, and sustainable clean energy production.
The role of the United States in shaping youth mental health advocacy and suicide prevention through foreign policy and media in conflict zones
Authors: Amina Catherine Ijiga  , Tahir Kolawole Balogun  , Emmanuel Oluwasayomi Ahmadu  , Edem Klu  , Toyosi Motilola Olola  , George Addo
Published: October 2024

This article explores the significant role of the United States in shaping youth mental health advocacy and suicide prevention through its foreign policy and media initiatives in conflict zones such as Iraq, Syria, and the Israeli-Gaza War. The U.S. has actively contributed to improving mental health outcomes by supporting humanitarian programs, facilitating mental health services for displaced youth, and funding initiatives aimed at addressing trauma caused by war. The paper highlights how U.S. foreign policy, through diplomatic efforts and peace-building interventions, has promoted human rights and stability in these regions, providing essential aid to vulnerable populations. In addition, the United States remains a global leader in promoting peace and safety, advocating for the protection of civilians, and upholding international standards of human rights. By working with international organizations, the U.S. has played a key role in ensuring that mental health and suicide prevention programs are integrated into post-conflict recovery efforts, creating safer environments for youth affected by war. Media coverage of U.S. efforts has also helped raise global awareness of the mental health challenges faced by young people in these conflict zones, further amplifying the need for continued advocacy and international support. This paper aims to demonstrate the United States' commitment to fostering global peace and ensuring that young populations have the resources they need to recover from the impacts of conflict, thereby strengthening mental health advocacy on a global scale.
A two-tier database architecture framework for combating cyber threats
Authors: Aleke Francis Alexander Onyibe  , Glory Nosawaru Edegbe  , Samuel Omaji  , Akinola Samson Olayinka
Published: October 2024

The 21st century has witnessed a lot of advancements in science and technology. One may not be wrong to assert that the field of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and its allied disciplines like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Nanotechnology have taken the lead as we witness new developments in these areas year by year. The products and services we utilize and enjoy are evidence of the usefulness of this advancement in science and technology. It is worthy of note that the interest of many (both good and bad in the discipline of ICT), is being ignited by the fact that ICT finds its applicability virtually in every area of human endeavor. In this study, we propose a two tier database architecture that employs an Object-Oriented Analysis Design Methodology (OOADM) using the Unified Modelling Language (UML). The choice of this methodology is because we need to present every stage of the study from analysis to the design phases. With the help of the chosen methodology, we analyzed the existing frameworks, identified the weaknesses, and as a result, we further surveyed algorithms used for reliable data security. From the results obtained from the survey, we employed the SHA-256 algorithm because of its strength in data security, and the Argon2 hashing algorithm which is one of the best algorithms for securing database credentials. In the end, we provide an enhanced framework made up of the chosen algorithms and a two-dimensional database (2-DDb), which could be implemented to effectively combat attacks on important databases.
Enhanced object detection in videos using bio vision
Authors: Rizwana Kallooravi Thandil  , Umira Parvi KP
Published: October 2024

Video surveillance systems enhance security and monitor various environments. They act as a deterrent to potential threats and provide vital surveillance to maintain safety. A key component of these systems is object detection, which identifies objects of interest and generates critical data for tracking and analysis. However, detecting objects in low-light conditions is particularly challenging due to reduced visibility, low contrast, and shadows, which can obscure objects or cause them to blend into the background. To address these challenges, this research introduces an enhanced object detection model that combines bio-inspired vision techniques with traditional object detection methods. The YOLO model is augmented with bio-vision principles, and specialized CNN models are developed to improve detection accuracy, particularly in low-light scenarios.
Farmaci innovativi per ridurre il colesterolo LDL: una nuova era nel campo delle dislipidemie
Authors: Della Pepa Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

Over the past decade, the therapeutic landscape of cholesterol-lowering drugs has rapidly expanded to address the limitations of current therapies, the failure to achieve LDL-C targets, and the need to reduce cardiovascular residual risk. Actually, the innovative cholesterol-lowering drugs available can act on new metabolic pathways involved in LDL-C metabolism. These drugs include enzyme inhibitors, peptides, molecules capable of influencing protein synthesis or gene in the form of antisense oligonucleotides or short interfering RNA, gene therapy, and vaccines.
Development of LSLC-Based Collaborative Learning Model Learning Tools And Their Effects on Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Evi Takrimatul Ailiyyah  , Pambudi Didik Sugeng , Fatekurohman Mohamad , Kurniati Dian , Susanto
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to develop collaborative learning-based learning resources and their impact on students' capacity for critical thought. This study used a combination of methods, namely development research (R&D) with Thiagarajan 4D model and experimental research. Data was collected through observations, questionnaires, tests, and interviews. The validity coefficients for the Teaching Module, worksheet, and test were 3.80, 3.80, and 3.70, respectively. Observations showed that 96% of the learning tools met practical criteria. The tools were effective, with 93% of student activities rated very good, 96% of students giving positive responses, and 85% achieving learning completion. A t-test (sig = 0.007) confirmed the collaborative learning tool based on LSLC significantly enhanced students' critical thinking skills.
Rancang Bangun Mesin Penyerut Bahan Baku Anyaman Rotan Dengan Mekanisme Double Roll
Authors: Edilla Edilla , Farhan Muhammad , Rahmawaty Made , Jaenudin Jajang , Ma’a Mustaza
Published: October 2024

Rotan merupakan salah satu tanaman yang banyak tumbuh di indonesia, Salah satu daerah yang termasuk penghasil rotan yang banyak adalah riau. Rotan adalah tanaman yang menjadi salah satu bahan baku dalam kerajinan tangan maupun industri mebel, oleh karena itu, untuk memanfaatkan dari banyaknya tanaman rotan ini bisa dijadikan suatu produk furniture seperti meja, kursi dan kerajinan tangan lainnya. Mesin yang dirancang menggunakan tenaga penggerak menggunakan motor listrik 1 phase dengan menggunakan sistem penyerutan double roll penarik yang terbuat dari bahan karet dan menggunakan mata pisau dengan diameter 5 mm, serta mesin ini juga memiliki pengaman pada sistem kontrol agar motor AC tidak mudah terbakar saat arus berlebih. Mesin penyerut rotan ini dapat memproduksi 76 batang rotan per jam dengan ukuran diameter 5 mm dan Panjang 300 cm sehingga dapat meningkatkan produksi rotan secara lebih efektif dan efesien. Mesin penyerut rotan ini mampu menyerut rotan bakal berukuran 300 cm dengan diameter 10-13 mm dan konsistensi ketebalan yang dihasilkan berdiameter 5 mm dengan tingkat eror 0,22%.
Otomatisasi Penyemprotan Polyester Menggunakan Kawasaki Cobot dengan Human Machine Interface (HMI) Berbasis Web
Authors: Alam Syah Sury , Hidayat Rahmad , Abdi Musta’inul
Published: October 2024

Brago Luchttechniek BV is a company specializing in the production of PIR (Polyisocyanurate) air ducts, facing challenges in maintaining accuracy and consistency in the polyester insulation spraying process on its products using Kawasaki collaborative robots (cobot) for automation. To address these challenges, this study designed a web-based Human Machine Interface (HMI) to automate the polyester insulation spraying process on PIR air ducts using the Kawasaki Cobot. A web-based HMI was chosen for its ease of development, flexibility, and integration capabilities with modern technology. This HMI uses the TCP/IP protocol to send real-time command signals to automation devices such as the Kawasaki Cobot and devices connected to the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Testing results demonstrated an improvement in the spraying process efficiency, reducing the time from 15–18 minutes conventionally to 5–7 minutes with the web-based HMI automation. Additionally, the web-based HMI successfully communicated with other devices connected to the robot, such as the conveyor belt and rotating table, via TCP/IP protocols, with each device having its own ID and IP address to facilitate linear message delivery, prevent collisions, and minimize errors. After eight successful automation tests on four different products, the system operated smoothly and systematically through the available HMI controls. The system was also evaluated by four respondents, with an overall score of 4.33 out of 5, indicating a high level of satisfaction.
Studi Pembuatan Procedure Qualification Record untuk Repair through Thickness pada S355 KT0
Authors: Stefani Windy , Leksonowati Nur Fitria Pujo , Pamungkas Nurman , Nugroho Cahyo Budi
Published: October 2024

This research aims to develop a Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) for Repair Through Thickness on S355 KT0 material using the GTAW method for the root, SAW for filler and capping. The welds were repaired using gouging and grinding before undergoing repair welding with the SMAW method. The study employed experimental methods with Non-Destructive and Destructive tests following AWS D1.1 and Client Specification MHK-COMP-SPE standards. The test results indicate defect-free welds that meet AWS D1.1 standards in terms of mechanical properties such as tensile strength, bending, impact, and hardness. The tensile strength values reached 609 MPa (longitudinal specimen) and 539 MPa and 540 MPa for transverse specimens. The lowest impact test value was 139J in the fusion line +2 mm repair to original welds area. The peak hardness test value was 240 VHN in the HAZ (repair to original weld) region. The test results were also used to formulate a PQR that aligns with specific requirements. This research is expected to provide guidance for performing repair welding on S355 KT0 material.
Studi Pengaruh Nilai Availability Mesin Stamping Terhadap Jumlah Hasil Produksi
Authors: Purba Adi Syahputra , Leksonowati Nur Fitria Pujo , Pamungkas Nurman , Yuniarsih Nidia , Batubara Ninda Hardina , Prasetyo Dimas
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh availability mesin terhadap output produksi di PT XYZ. Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama periode Januari hingga Maret 2024, dengan fokus pada downtime mesin, total waktu operasional, dan jumlah produksi mingguan. Metode yang digunakan melibatkan perhitungan Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF), Mean Time To Repair (MTTR), dan availability, diikuti oleh analisis korelasi antara availability dan output produksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi yang sangat kuat antara availability dan output, dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,852. Pada Minggu ke-6 dan Minggu ke-11, terjadi downtime yang menyebabkan penurunan availability masing-masing menjadi 98,41% dan 97,96%, yang berdampak langsung pada penurunan output produksi. Berdasarkan hasil ini, direkomendasikan agar PT XYZ meningkatkan pemeliharaan preventif dan meminimalkan downtime untuk menjaga availability mesin pada tingkat optimal guna memaksimalkan hasil produksi
Vehicle Detection and Counting for Traffic Congestion Estimation Using YOLOv5 and DeepSORT in Smart Traffic Light Application
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Kam Yew Zun , Uttraphan Chessda ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Haji Mohd Mohd Norzali ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Khan Fawad Salam ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Lim Chiok Chuan ,   SenaTraffic System Sdn. Bhd.
Published: October 2024

The escalating number of vehicles on the roads has exacerbated trafficcongestion, presenting a significant and inevitable challenge for roadusers.Trafficcongestionnotonlyincreasesthetraveltimeofroadusers;it also causes air pollution since more vehicles are stuck on theroad. To address this issue, deep learning algorithms, including YOLOv5and DeepSORT, have been leveraged to enable vehicle detection and estimate the number of vehicles through image processing. This study focuses on training a custom YOLOv5 dataset of vehicles and compares its performance with a pretrained YOLOv5 dataset in terms of feasibility for detecting and estimating the number of vehicles. In the proposed approach, YOLOv5 is employed to detect vehicles in video streams, DeepSORT is used for vehicle tracking and counting as they pass through the detection zone, and the number of vehicles in each lane is estimated with the aid of Supervision. The custom dataset's validation demonstrates promising results, with the precision curve indicating convergence for all classes at 97.4% precision and an 87% accuracy in predicting vehicle classes. Additionally, the precision-recall curve assesses the ability to detect individual vehicle categories, such as bus, car, motorcycle, and truck, with accuracies of 68.2%, 95.2%, 79.9%, and 70.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the overall accuracy for detecting all vehicle classes combined is 78.3%. The F1 curve indicates that the system achieves a confidence level of 30.9% F1 score, ensuring 78% confidence in accurately predicting all classes. Both the pretrained and custom datasets exhibit similar accuracy in counting the total number of vehicles passing through the detection zone as well as estimating the number of vehicles in each lane. However, it is evident that the custom dataset's performance can be further improved by incorporating more extensive and diverse datasets during the training process to enhance the accuracy of vehicle detection and estimation. In conclusion, the integration of deep learning algorithms, specificallyYOLOv5 and DeepSORT, offers a promising solution for addressing traffic congestion byefficiently detecting and estimating vehicle numbers, which allow traffic systems to identify which lane is congested and prioritise ensuring the congested lane has a smooth traffic flow. Continued research with larger datasets can lead to further advancements and refined results in the field of traffic management and optimization.
Investigation of Different Windshield Designs for Aerodynamic Drag Force in Motorcycle
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Ghazali Muhammad Farid , Abdul Ghafir Mohammad Fahmi ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: October 2024

This research investigates the aerodynamic performance of different windshielddesigns for the Honda CB500X motorcycleat 140 km/h, focusing on drag force, drag coefficient, and pressure distribution. Three aftermarket windshields and oneoriginal equipment manufacturer(OEM)windshieldwere developed in SolidWorks and simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in ANSYS Fluent. The OEM windshieldoutperformed the aftermarket designs in terms of aerodynamic efficiency, with a lower drag force (735.65991 N) and drag coefficient (0.3951). However, apressure distribution study found that aftermarket windshields provided better deflection of airflow, resulting in less direct wind effect on the rider, potentially improving rider comfort and safety.These findings highlight the trade-off between aerodynamic efficiency and rider comfort in windshield design.
Coupled quasi-periodic generators with different types of coupling (discrete model)
Authors:   Saratov Branch of Kotelnikov IRE RAS, 410019, Russia, Saratov, Zelenaya str., 38, Kuznetsov A.P. , Sedova Yu.V. ,   Saratov Branch of Kotelnikov IRE RAS, 410019, Russia, Saratov, Zelenaya str., 38
Published: October 2024

In the paper we examine the regimes of two coupled radio-physical generators that exhibit quasi-periodic oscillations, with reactive, combined, and active types of coupling. In order to simplify the computer calculations, a discrete version of the system being investigated is introduced. Lyapunov exponent charts illustrating various regimes, including quasi-periodic oscillations with a different number of incommensurable frequencies, are presented. For a purely reactive coupling, in comparison to a dissipative one, there is no stable equilibrium regime, and the areas of two-frequency regimes are very small in size. For dissipative coupling, with the addition of a reactive component, the characteristic regimes at strong coupling are preserved. When the coupling is weak, five-frequency regimes disappear; they are replaced first by four-frequency, and then by three-frequency, chaotic and hyperchaotic ones. For reactive coupling with the addition of dissipative, the tongues of the three-frequency regimes do not have peaks, but occupy certain intervals on the frequency disorder axis. There is also no stable equilibrium for an active (repelling) coupling. A three-frequency area with a built-in set of resonant two-frequency tongues becomes typical, the overlap of which leads to chaos.
Nomenclatural standards and microsatellite profiles of raspberry cultivars bred at the I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center
Authors: Kamnev A. M. , Zhidekhina T. V. , Antonova O. Yu. , Dunaeva S. E. , Chukhina I. G. , Gavrilenko T. A.
Published: October 2024

Nomenclatural standards of three raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars ‘Kleopatra’ (WIR-98480), ‘Sulamif’’ (WIR-98517) and ‘Shakhrazada’ (WIR-98536) bred at the I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center (FSC) were prepared according to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. The nomenclatural standards of these cultivars have been transferred to N.I. Vavilov Federal Research Center of the All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) for storage in the Herbarium of Cultivated Plants of the World, Their Wild Relatives and Weeds (WIR). Plant material for herbarium specimens was collected in the experimental field of the I.V. Michurin FSC by the cultivars’ author and handed to VIR for genotyping as well as for preservation in the live collection of VIR in compliance with the comprehensive strategy for registering and preserving domestic cultivars of the vegetatively propagated crops in a genebank. Microsatellite profiles of the three cultivars in question were obtained by using six nuclear SSR-markers. The genotyped specimens of the same raspberry cultivars, genotypically identical to the nomenclatural standards, were transferred to the VIR field collection and preservation in controlled conditions in the VIR in vitro collection.
A cultura maker e o CEFR: uma pesquisa-ação articulatória entre esses conceitos
Authors: Marcon da Rocha Lusa Vânia Cristina , Cezar Bonin Joel
Published: October 2024

O presente texto expõe a análise de uma pesquisa-ação realizada ao longo do ano de 2022, que resultou na produção de um site de viagens em inglês que faz parte de uma dissertação defendida no programa de mestrado em educação básica (PPGEB) da Uniarp, de Caçador-SC, Brasil. Além disso, pretende estabelecer alguns pontos comuns entre a cultura maker e a Abordagem Orientada à Ação – AoA. A cultura maker combina o uso de recursos tecnológicos com a educação para criar produtos educacionais e a ideia de “fazer juntos”. O AoA, adotado pelo CEFR, proclama que “[...] a aprendizagem de uma língua deve ser orientada no sentido de permitir ao aluno atuar, em situações reais do cotidiano, expressando-se e realizando tarefas de diferentes naturezas” (Council of Europe, 2020, p. 29). Na sala de aula, implementar o AoA significa envolver o aluno no processo de aprendizagem, colocando a educação entre o social e o individual através da interação colaborativa na sala de aula (Council of Europe, 2020). Com base nos resultados obtidos durante a pesquisa, associados à base teórica da cultura maker e do CEFR, este artigo visa articular esses pontos e abrir caminhos para uma transformação na sala de aula, em que os verdadeiros protagonistas sejam os próprios alunos.
The current state of the problem of intestinal microbiota according to pediatricians
Authors: Kharitonova L. A. , Grigoryev K. I.
Published: October 2024

The mechanisms of formation of the intestinal microbiota, its influence on the health of the child, participation in physiological and pathological processes are considered. Microorganisms enter the body of the fetus in utero, then the newborn child receives the microflora from the mother during childbirth. The results of molecular genetic studies indicate that the process of microbial colonization of a child is determined by the characteristics of nutrition. Of great importance in the formation of normal microflora belongs to breastfeeding. The gut microbiota interacts with various parts of the body, influencing the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases. The most important mechanisms for the formation of diseases in children depending on anomalies in the structure of the microbiome are considered. Understanding the processes of formation of intestinal microflora allows us to develop effective methods for the prevention and correction of microecological and motor disorders in the age aspect.
Primary immunodeficiency in children: agammaglobulinemia (Bruton’s disease)
Authors: Shilova M. D. , Novichikhina A. S. , Novoselova S. N. , Bokova T. A.
Published: October 2024

Primary Immunodeficiencies (PID) are a group of congenital immune system disorders caused by the loss, reduction, or impaired functioning of one or more components of the immune system. This article presents a detailed characterization of Bruton’s disease, the most common manifestation of inherited agammaglobulinemia, as well as modern approaches to its diagnosis and treatment. A clinical observation of the manifestation of primary immunodeficiency in a 3-year-old boy is described, while the diagnosis of “Primary Immunodeficiency: Bruton’s disease” was only established at the age of 8. The results of an 8-year follow-up of the patient are presented, and the difficulties of early diagnosis are analyzed. It is shown that a sequential diagnostic search allowed for the diagnosis of PID and the determination of the appropriate therapeutic strategy.
Autoimmune gastritis: relationship between endoscopic, morphological and laboratory data
Authors: Boyakhchyan A. S. , Chagarova L. Kh. , Polyakova M. B.
Published: October 2024

This article presents notes from the practice of doctors of the Stavropol Regional Clinical Consultative and Diagnostic Center in the diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis. The authors noted that in the presence of endoscopic and morphological signs of autoimmune gastritis in a group of patients, there is no serological confirmation of the diagnosis.
Professionalitet: new horizons for the development of Tobolsk Medical College named after Volodya Soldatov
Authors: Danilina N. V. , Burtseva O. I.
Published: October 2024

The article presents the experience of the Volodya Soldatov Tobolsk Medical College in implementing the Federal Project «Professionalitet» to solve the problems of a comprehensive reboot of the system of secondary vocational medical education.
Development of Powerly, science-based mobile app intervention preventing postpartum depression and anxiety & study protocol of real-life implementation randomized clinical trial.
Authors: Marciniak Marta Anna , Rohde Judith , Yuen Kenneth S.L. , Binder Harald , Walter Henrik , Wieser Matthias J , Kalisch Raffael , Roelofs Karin , Kleim Birgit
Published: October 2024

BackgroundUp to 30% of pregnant individuals experience high levels of stress. At the same time, 15-20% of new mothers develop postpartum depression, and 25-35% experience postpartum anxiety. Mobile applications have the potential to provide an accessible, scalable solution to these mental health challenges. However, previous evidence indicates that none of the commercially available apps for perinatal depression and anxiety have been rigorously evaluated through randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and the quality of these apps remains moderate. In response to this gap, we aim to develop and empirically evaluate Powerly, a science-based mobile app intervention designed to prevent postpartum depression and anxiety. MethodsWe will conduct a two-arm RCT with 140 healthy pregnant participants to assess the impact of Powerly use compared to care as usual (CAU). Powerly is based on cognitive behavioral therapy techniques and developed in consultation with stakeholders, including healthcare professionals and pregnant individuals. It will offer personalized psychological support tailored to users' needs for four weeks. Self-reported mental health assessments will be collected at baseline, after four weeks of app use, and six weeks postpartum. DiscussionWe anticipate that participants using Powerly will demonstrate significant improvements in mental health outcomes, including reduced rates of postpartum depression, compared to the CAU group. Additionally, we expect positive changes in emotion regulation, resilience, and mother and child outcomes, such as enhanced maternal bonding and a more positive birth experience. If proved effective, Powerly can offer a scalable, publicly accessible solution for pregnant individuals in need.
Filling the Gaps: Unlocking Teachers Skill Acquisition in Research Mentorship
Authors: Catama Bryan V. , Tejada Nelwyn L.
Published: October 2024

Teacher-provided research mentorship is essential for developing students’ scholarly abilities. However, limited training results in skill gaps, presenting challenges for educators guiding student projects. This phenomenological study aimed to elucidate how teachers independently strengthen mentorship capacities when formal development opportunities are scarce. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight secondary school teachers actively engaged in mentoring. Data analysis identified four key themes on self-directed skill improvement strategies: pursuing professional development, building collaborative partnerships, engaging in self-learning, and adapting approaches. Findings provide insights into teachers’ intrinsic motivation to address competency deficiencies without structured training. Participants demonstrated commitment through informal learning channels like conferences, reading, collaborations, and reflective adjustments. The study offers a conceptual model to inform training interventions and communities promoting sustainable mentorship growth. By highlighting informal pathways, it furthers understanding of how teachers continuously cultivate expertise and advance student support amidst constraints. Ultimately, this suggests the importance of facilitating professional empowerment for optimized research learning.
“Looks fab - when can we go?” Parents and Carers’ Views of Inclusive Playgrounds for Disabled Children
Authors: Ali Leanne , Jones Sian E
Published: October 2024

Many recent changes in UK policy have aimed at increasing accessibility for disabled children in local playgrounds. This study explored parents and carers’ views on the inclusion of disabled children in this way. The study had an online survey design which considered the child’s age and gender, as well as whether the parent stated they had a disabled or non-disabled child. We explored parents and carers’ (N = 83) views of inclusive playgrounds through a repeated measures design, with parents imagined a playground from (a) the perspective of a disabled child who was a wheelchair user and (b) an autistic child. We measured previous direct contact with a disabled person, and parents’ open-ended views on the accessibility of local playgrounds. We found that significantly more parents whose children had high (vs. low) contact with a disabled person felt that the playground was less accessible. Open- ended responses highlighted the importance of sensory equipment in playgrounds for autistic children. We show that parents value accessibility particularly when they are a parent of a disabled child themselves. Parents’ responses highlight several avenues for change that would further support disabled children’s UNCRC-enshrined right to play.
“It’s really kind of easy for lecturers to communicate with you”: A qualitative investigation into higher education students’ perceptions of disclosing online to staff
Authors: Hayes Beatrice , Khan Zain , Wright Kaitlyn
Published: October 2024

Student-staff communication can shape the university experience for students, particularly in relation to attainment and engagement. Little is currently known about student-staff online communication or what may motivate students’ online self-disclosure behaviour (revealing information about the self via online educational platforms). Within this study, we qualitatively explore HE students’ (specifically emerging adults aged 18-24 years) perceptions of self-disclosing via online educational platforms. With a sample of ten university students (M= 20.09 years, SD= 1.00), we conducted one-to-one semi-structured interviews segmented into three parts: 1) goal orientation, 2) elicitation, 3) free recall. Our findings highlight that students’ expectations are shaped by miscommunication, speed of response and universal knowledge. Students’ expectations contextualise their views of appropriateness regarding personability, formality and urgency. These findings provide insight into how students perceive their online self-disclosure to staff, which aids our understanding of their motivations. Our novel study presents findings that can be utilised by HE staff and policymakers to support effective student-staff online communication. In turn, this may benefit the student experience.
Neural pathway for visual object coding in the human temporal lobe
Authors: Cao Runnan , Zhang Jie , Zheng Jie , Wang Yue , Brunner Peter , Willie Jon T , wang Shuo
Published: October 2024

Understanding how the human brain encodes visual objects involves deciphering the neural mechanisms along the ventral visual pathway. Here, we recorded intracranial EEG in the human ventral temporal cortex (VTC) and medial temporal lobe (MTL), along with single neurons in the MTL, to investigate how complex visual features are translated into semantic representations. The VTC exhibited axis-based feature coding, and by constructing a neural feature space using VTC neural axes, we observed that MTL neurons encode a receptive field within the VTC neural feature space. This computational framework explains how dense feature-based representations in the VTC are translated into sparse semantic-based representations in the MTL. We further validated our findings using an additional dataset with different stimuli. Lastly, we uncovered the physiological basis of this computational framework by demonstrating VTC-MTL interactions at multiple levels. Together, our neural computational framework provides a mechanistic understanding of the neural processes underlying object recognition.
Interpersonal neural synchrony as a mechanism of therapeutic alliance? A systematic review of hyperscanning in clinical encounters
Authors: Adel Lena , Moses Lisane , Irvine Elisabeth , Greenway Kyle , Dumas Guillaume , Lifshitz Michael
Published: October 2024

Therapeutic alliance is defined as the collaborative relationship between patient and therapist. Strong therapeutic alliances have been associated with positive clinical outcomes, but much remains unknown about alliance and its physiological basis. Interpersonal neural synchrony (INS) – the synchronization of neural signals between interacting individuals – is emerging as a novel lens for studying interactions with relatively objective and time-sensitive neuroimaging techniques. We searched four databases to identify studies of INS in clinical encounters. Our search yielded 161 articles, 46 met criteria for full-text review and 12 were included. The included articles reported INS across a total of 174 dyads, all published since 2018. Despite diverse methodologies, INS was observed in all studies and was often related to therapeutic outcomes. However, results were mixed regarding associations between INS and therapeutic alliance. These results highlight that, while promising, additional research is needed to elucidate the relationship between INS, therapeutic alliance and clinical outcomes. Future studies should aim to standardize methodologies, explore temporal dynamics (e.g., through longitudinal assessments), and include larger sample sizes.
Impact of Acute Stress Exposure on Reactivity to Loss of Control Over Threat
Authors: Dudziak Michalina , Smeets Tom , Vervliet Bram , Beckers Tom
Published: October 2024

Uncontrollable negative events yield increased stress responses compared to situations over which we have control. Previous studies have assessed the impact of uncontrollability of threat on stress reactivity. Less is known about whether and how acute stress exposure influences how we react to uncontrollable threats. Until now, research has primarily focused on investigating the lack of control despite the idea that losing control may cause greater distress and be more clinically relevant. The current study aims to investigate whether acute stress exposure impacts reactivity to a subsequent loss of control over threat. Ninety-six participants will be equally and randomly allocated to a stress or a no-stress group. Participants will undergo an acute stress induction or a non-stressful procedure, followed by a behavioral loss-of-control task. The loss-of-control task is designed to effectively induce control followed by a subsequent loss of control over aversive electrical stimulation. We hypothesize that participants exposed to acute stress will show stronger biological and psychological responses to the loss of control over threat than those in the no-stress group, as expressed in salivary cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase assays, blood pressure measurements, and self-report ratings. In addition, we will assess biological sex, general perceived stress, and childhood adversity as factors that might moderate the relation between acute stress exposure and reactivity to loss of control. Investigating the sensitizing effect of acute stress on the reaction to a loss of control could offer valuable insights into their role in the development and maintenance of anxiety and stress-related disorders.
SimDE App: Simulating and Visualizing Formal Theories Using Differential Equations
Authors: Batra Rohit , Beck Emorie D , Chen Meng , Ferrer Emilio
Published: October 2024

Psychological theories are often expressed verbally using natural language, which may lead to varying interpretations of the phenomenon under study. This potential confusion can be mitigated by formalizing verbal theories using mathematical language, which can help in defining, analyzing, and interpreting one’s hypotheses in quantitative terms. Differential equations (DE) are a class of models in dynamical systems framework, particularly suited to many dynamic theories in psychology. However, there is a lack of tools for translating verbal theories into DE systems. To facilitate this translation, we introduce SimDE, an open access R Shiny application that allows users to specify a DE model for a multivariate system and then simulate the trajectories of each variable over time. SimDE provides an interface to simulate a range of DE models, with features such as: 1) first- or second-order DEs (e.g., exponential, oscillatory), 2) models with or without a dynamic error term (ordinary or stochastic DEs), 3) models with multivariate effects (coupling dynamics). Users have the flexibility of plotting these systems in order to see the pattern of changes over time and determine the appropriateness of the model for the phenomenon they are trying to study. The goal of our app is to serve as a tool for researchers who want to explore DE models for their psychological theories before they even collect data. It can also help researchers to study the implicit assumptions of their systems defined with such DEs and further refine them as needed.
How should we measure exploration?
Authors: Witte Kristin , Thalmann Mirko , Schulz Eric
Published: October 2024

Recent studies used multi-armed bandit tasks to investigate individual differences in exploration strategies. However, the psychometric properties of these measures remain largely unexplored. We examined the test-retest reliability, convergent and divergent validity, and external validity of model-based estimates of exploration strategies. Our results revealed poor to moderate reliability, with minimal correlations for the same strategy across tasks. By refining the computational models, we identified two convergently valid latent factors representing value-guided and directed exploration. However, these factors showed no significant correlation with self-reported exploration tendencies and only weak associations with mood fluctuations. To improve future research, we suggest simplifying the computational models and using multiple tasks to more accurately model exploration strategies and mitigate spurious correlations arising from task-specific factors. A strong positive correlation with working memory and a lack of significant associations with questionnaire-based measures highlight both the potential and limitations of current behavioral paradigms in capturing exploration behavior.
Residential Segregation in Japan: Ethnic Stratification in a Global New Destination
Authors: Liang Hao
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the dynamics and factors affecting immigrant residential segregation in Japan between 2000 and 2020, a period marked by Japan's emergence as a global immigrant destination. Using restricted-access census microdata, I examined the segregation of the 12 largest immigrant groups to the Japanese majority and among each other. I then assessed the relationship between dissimilarity and factors affecting integration using pooled linear regressions and individual location attainment models. My findings reveal that all immigrant groups exhibit high residential segregation from the Japanese majority and notable pairwise segregation. There is a general trend of spatial assimilation that higher levels of socioeconomic factors predict less segregation, while Brazilians and Peruvians, the earliest contemporary immigrant group who arrived in Japan as ethnic descendants, demonstrate a pronounced tendency towards place stratification. These observations provide support for both spatial assimilation and place stratification theory in the Japanese context. Moreover, there is a strong trend of self-segregation among highly skilled elite, particularly Western immigrants from the Japanese majority and peer immigrants. The results provide support for this dichotomy in segregation trends, underlining the integration challenges for minority groups in global new destinations and the pronounced self-segregation among elite skilled minorities.
Sandwich care in the UK: How common is it and who is doing it?
Authors: McMunn Anne , Xue Baowen , Di Gessa Giorgio , Lacey Rebecca E
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study identifies the prevalence of sandwich care, and describes demographic, socioeconomic, health, and care characteristics of sandwich carers compared with other care groups in the UK.Background: Delayed childbearing and increasing care needs mean that parenting young children may increasingly coincide with the need to provide adult care, leading to so-called ‘sandwich care’, but little is known about sandwich carers in the UK.Method: Using eleven waves of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009-2020), a large, nationally representative household panel survey in the United Kingdom, five care groups were derived based on information regarding provision of adult care and living with children aged under age 16 (N=81,057). The prevalence of these groups were shown across waves, then waves were pooled and multinomial regression models were used to show age-adjusted differences in demographic, socioeconomic, health and care characteristics across the five care groups. Results: 2% of the UK adult population provide sandwich care . Parents caring for someone in the generation above were generally employed in professional/managerial occupations and cared less intensively outside the household while parents caring for a disabled child or partner were disadvantaged in terms of education and income, and tended to care intensively inside the household. Conclusion: It is important to recognise circumstances of care groups are heterogenous when designing policies and practice to support family carers.