bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-year mortality rates and factors affecting mortality after surgery for fracture neck of femur in the elderly
Authors: Dhingra Mohit , Goyal Tarun , Yadav Arvind , Choudhury Arghya Kundu
Published: January 2022

Context:

Fractures around hip in elderly are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Aim:

This sudy aims to investigate 1-year mortality rates and risk factors associated with this mortality. Effect of delay in surgery on mortality rates will also be studied. Our null-hypothesis was that there is no association between common comorbid conditions or delay in surgery on 1-year mortality rates.

Study Settings and Design:

Patients 60-years and above who underwent operative treatment for fracture of neck of femur between January 2018 and February 2019 were included in this retrospective study.

Materials and Methods:

Demographic and clinical data were collected from hospital information system and inpatient case records. Patients were followed up with quality of life (QoL) assessment with short form-12 (SF-12) at 1 year. Mortality during this period was also evaluated.

Statistical Analysis:

Continuous factors were expressed as means, standard deviations. Different risk factors between the patients alive and dead were studied using Fisher's exact test.

Results:

Nineteen out of 95 patients died at the end of 1 year. Smoking, hypertension, diabetes, low hemoglobin, raised total leukocyte count, low serum albumin, delay in surgery (>1 week), higher American Society of Anesthesiologist grade, and postoperative blood transfusion were significantly associated with higher mortality rates. Mean SF-12 QoL scores at 1 year was 35.6 ± 6.3.

Conclusion:

Hip fractures in elderly are associated with higher mortality rates. Results of this study indicate that patients at a higher risk of mortality may be identified and help in preoperative optimization with the aim to reduce mortality. However, these findings need to be verified by further studies with a relatively larger sample size and longer follow-up period.
Bone Alkaline Phosphatase and Urine Hydroxyproline Assay in Pre and Postmenopausal Women in the State of Sikkim and its Correlation with Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Rai Anne Deborah , Sherpa Mingma L. , Singh Amumacha , Thejaswi S. G. , Bhutia Rinchen D.
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

Osteoporosis could be viewed as a metabolic disease. The WHO guidelines for diagnosing osteoporosis reflect structural damage only and not the metabolic imbalance that leads to it. Biochemical markers of bone turnover have been shown to provide valuable information for diagnosing and monitoring metabolic bone disease. The present study analyzed bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and urinary hydroxyproline in pre- and postmenopausal women and correlated them with changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in the state of Sikkim. The study also intended to know the ethnicity-based disease burden in Sikkim.

Materials and Methods:

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was done at a tertiary hospital in Sikkim. Blood and 24-h urine samples from 50 premenopausal and 50 postmenopausal women were analyzed for total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), BALP, and Urine Hydroxyproline. BMD was measured using the quantitative ultrasound technique by Achilles densitometer.

Results:

There was a statistically significant increase in serum calcium (P = 0.01), ALP (P = 0.01), and urine hydroxyproline (P = 0.03) levels in postmenopausal women as compared to premenopausal women. Although ALP was higher in postmenopausal women, BALP isoform was more elevated in premenopausal women (P = 0.001). BMD was significantly lower in postmenopausal women (P < 0.001). It was also noted that there was a significant difference in BMD between tribal and nontribal populations (P = 0.003). Total ALP and BALP as the bone formation marker and urine hydroxyproline as a bone resorption marker added statistically significant r to BMD prediction (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

In this study, BALP combined with Urine Hydroxyproline was helpful as a screening biomarker to predict osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Pass-Thru Extended Feature - Resource Document
Authors:   Vehicle E E System Diagnostic Standards Committee
Published: January 2022

This SAE Recommended Practice is part of the SAE J2534-2/X_0500 set of documents that extends the SAE J2534-1_0500 API (version 05.00) specification. It defines the common data structures and constants that will be used to implement the extension to the SAE J2534 API.

This document will only include the items that are used by the V05.00 API and that are NOT included in SAE J2534-1_0500. It will not include items from older API versions unless they are used by the V05.00 API.
Pass-Thru Interface - Alternate Platforms for API Version 04.04
Authors:   Vehicle E E System Diagnostic Standards Committee
Published: January 2022

This SAE Recommended Practice details the changes needed to support the SAE J2534 (API Version 04.04) on operating systems other than 32-bit Microsoft Windows®.
Not So New Labour
Authors: Prideaux Simon
Published: January 2022

New Labour has concentrated many of its social policy initiatives in reinvigorating the family, community and work. But just how 'new' are the ideas driving policy and practice? This book shows how New Labour has drawn on the ideas and premises of functionalism, which dominated British and American sociological thought from the 1940s to the 1960s.
Social Capital and Lifelong Learning
Authors: Field John
Published: January 2022

The British government and powerful international agencies present investment in social capital as a way of promoting neighbourhood renewal, community health and educational achievement. This book confirms the significance of social capital as an analytical tool, while challenging the basis on which current policy is being developed.
A Right Result?
Authors: Henderson Rick , Pochin Mike
Published: January 2022

As the prospect of a legal right to advocacy inches closer, so the need to scrutinise its key values and practices becomes urgent. Although widely acclaimed as a 'good thing', there is little agreement as to how advocacy should be implemented, funded or evaluated. This book offers the first comprehensive analysis of the benefits of advocacy.
Rural Homelessness
Authors: Cloke Paul , Milbourne Paul , Widdowfield Rebekah
Published: January 2022

Rural Homelessness explores the shifting policy context of homelessness and social exclusion in relation to rural areas in the UK and other countries in the developed world. Drawing on the first comprehensive survey of rural homelessness in the UK, the book positions these findings within a wider international context.
East Enders
Authors: Mumford Katharine , Power Anne
Published: January 2022

This moving book about the lives of families in London's East End gives important new insights into neighbourhood relations (including race relations), through the eyes of the local community. Using an up-to-date account of life in East London, the authors illustrate how cities faced with neighbourhoods in decline are changing.
Explaining Ethnic Differences
Authors: Mason David
Published: January 2022

Recent urban disturbances, concerns about the fate of asylum seekers and renewed debates about the nature of ethnic identity and citizenship have all combined to give ethnic differences a high public and policy profile. This book explores the diverse experiences of ethnic disadvantage and challenges common assumptions.
Making It Work
Authors: Harding Jamie
Published: January 2022

This book evaluates the extensive and innovative range of housing services that have been developed for 16- and 17-year-olds living in Newcastle. It provides vital indicators to other authorities and nominated RSLs of the approaches that they can take to increase successful tenancies and independent living among this age group.
Conversión de prueba cutánea de derivado proteico purificado durante el tratamiento con anti-TNF-α
Authors: Abdala Brian Marcelo , Ringer Ariana , Ruffino Juan Pablo , Martínez María Florencia , Argento María Cecilia , Chulibert Serenela , Carbone Daniela , Lucci Franco , Gatica Agostina , Rombo Graciela , Palatnik Mariano , Cortese María Noel , Lagrutta Mariana , Finucci Curi Baltasar , Co Adriana , Abdala Marcelo Alberto
Published: January 2022

Introducción: los anti-TNF-α se asocian con mayor riesgo de desarrollar tuberculosis (TB). La prueba del derivado proteico purificado (purified protein derivative, PPD) se emplea para diagnosticar infección de tuberculosis latente (ITL). Se recomienda el cribado para TB previo al inicio de terapia anti-TNF-α y el seguimiento para evaluar la posible conversión de la PPD durante el tratamiento. El tratamiento de la ITL puede reducir el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad activa en un 90%.

Objetivos: actualmente los resultados de conversión de la PPD y su interpretación durante el tratamiento anti-TNF-α son variables, por tal motivo nos propusimos conocer la frecuencia de conversión de la PPD en este grupo de pacientes de nuestro medio.
Comparative Study of Nutrients and Anti-Nutrients Composition of Commonly Consumed Edible Grasshopper (Chorthippus brunneus), Locust Beans (Parkia Biglobosa) and Soya Beans (Glycine max) in Katsina State
Authors: Abubakar, M.  , Abdullahi, N.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nutrients, anti-nutrients and minerals composition of edible grasshopper (Chorthippus brunneus), locus beans and soya beans. The evaluations of nutrients and anti-nutrient composition of Chorthippus brunneus, Parkia biglobosa and Glycine max were analyzed using standard methods of A.O.A.C. and Kjedahal methods. The proximate analysis revealed that crude protein ranged between 24.667±3.512 to 39.561±2.553 with Chorthippus brunneus having the highest value and Parkia biglobosa and Glycine max having the lowest values. The Chorthippus brunneus had a considerable low carbohydrate contents compared to P. biglobosa and G. max carbohydrate value. However, the mean energy/caloric values ranged from 474 to 522 Kcal/Kg. Crude fat values were moderate, ranging from 11.763±1.035 to 15.26±0.761 with G. max having the highest value and C. brunneus the lowest. The anti-nutrients of the insects and the legumes were generally below toxic level in man. Moisture, ash and crude fibre were very high in C. brunneus compared to Parkia biglobosa and Glycine max. These Chorthippus brunneus therefore, could serve as additional promising sources of protein and fat for poultry and teeming population. The mineral compositions of the inscts (mg/kg) were considerably lower than that of locus beans and soya beans.
Pengaruh Pendistribusian Dana Zakat Produktif terhadap Tingkat Pendapatan Mustahik di DPU Daarut Tauhid Bogor
Authors: Safitri Anggia , Riyanto Riyanto , Damayanthy Dessy
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT

Lembaga Amil Zakat Dompet Peduli Ummat Daarut Tauhiid (DPU DT to contribute to community empowerment in the economic field, Education, preaching, humanity and social. This research is motivated by the problem of how to distribute or distribution of productive zakat funds to the level of economic income mustahik. Seeing the problems experienced by mustahik better than before and after becoming a mustahik, with the empowerment of this productive zakat mustahik is expected to be able to run his business continuously so that increase economic income. This research is a descriptive-quantitative research using the Simple Linear Regression method. Sample in research this amounted to 20 respondents. Data collection using a questionnaire and Data processing using analysis tools SPSS Version 26.0, research result shows that the distribution of productive zakat funds has an effect on Mustahik's income level is 61.1%, while the rest are influenced by another factor of 38.9%. Therefore, Productive zakat distribution in Business capital by DPU DT Bogor Branch can be increased.
Pengaruh Promosi dan Religiuitas terhadap Minat Masyarakat Menabung di Bank Syariah:
Authors: Herawati Herawati , Evinovita Evinovita , Sukarna Sukarna
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine whether people's interest in saving in Islamic banks, to determine whether promotion affects people's interest in saving in Islamic banks, and to find out whether religiosity affects people's interest in saving at Islamic banks. The data collection method was carried out through a questionnaire distributed to the community of Kp Kalong Sari, Kalong Sawah Village. Samples were taken as many as 50 respondents with a purposive sanpling technique. The data obtained were then processed using SPSS Version 21. The analysis included the reliability test, validity test, classical assumption test through the Ttest, Ftest test, and the coefficient of determinant (R2). The results of the Ttest test showed that promotion partially had a positive and significant effect on the community interest in Kp Kalong Sari, Kalong Sawah Village, amounting to 39.2%. The Ftest test shows that religiosity simultaneously has a significant effect on the interest of the Kalong Sari community in Kalong Sawah Village with an effect of 60.8%.
Analisis Implementasi Akad Hybrid Contract Murabahah bil Wakalah di Bank BJB Syariah Kc Bogor Jabar
Authors: Fauziah Fitri Nurul , Kosim Ahmad Mulyadi , Lisnawati Santi
Published: January 2022

Financing is one of the important activities in the banking world because it is the main source of income and is one of the supporting businesses of the bank. Murabahah is a sale and purchase contract in sharia economy where the selling price of the goods is in the form of the cost of goods plus profits and has been agreed upon by both parties. Wakalah is giving or delegating the power of a job to another person as long as it does not violate the syara' law. Hyrid contract is two contracts that are united in one transaction (multi contract). One of the hybrid contracts in Islamic banks is the murabahah bil wakalah contract. Murabahah bil wakalah contract is a combination of two contracts in which the wakalah contract is used before the murabahah sale and purchase contract. The purpose of this study was to analyze how the implementation of the hybrid contract agreement on murabahah bil wakalah at Bank BJB Syariah Bogor Branch. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The data used comes from primary data in the form of documentation and the results of interviews with staff account officers of Bank BJB Syariah Bogor Branch. The results of this study indicate that in its implementation Bank BJB Syariah Bogor Branch has complied with the DSN-MUI fatwa No.4/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 regarding murabahah. The advantages of murabahah bil wakalah are that it makes it easier for banks to process financing, is more flexible in modern financing needs and is less risky. While the weakness of the murabahah bil wakalah contract is that there is often misuse of funds by customers, such as the purchase of goods that are not in accordance with the RAB that has been agreed upon by the bank and the customer. With this result, Bank BJB Syariah Bogor Branch must continue to be consistent in managing sharia banking products so that the sharia economy can continue to grow and develop.
Sac ve Levhalar İçin Serbest Deformasyon Makinası
Authors: KILIÇ ÖNEN Seran , ASLANDAĞ Ahmet
Published: January 2022

Plastik şekillendirmede oldukça zor olan üç boyutlu form ve şekillerin elde edilmesinde, şeklin kontrolü ile birlikte deformasyonun sağlanabilmesi ancak olağanüstü şekillenme hareketleriyle mümkün olabilmekte ve 3 boyutlu görünümler elde edilebilmektedir. Saç levhayı çok küçük deformasyonlarla şekillendirmek ve derin ayrıntıların görünür hale getirmek için Ar – Ge çalışmaları yapılarak teknolojik geliştirme sağlanabilmektedir. Deformasyondaki zorluklar sebebiyle, bu güne kadar karmaşık şekillerin ayrıntılı olarak elde edilmesi ancak iki eksenli şekillendirmelerle mümkün olabilmiştir. Halen metal şekillendirme sektörünün önemli bir problemi olarak çözüm beklemektedir.
Serbest deformasyon tekniğiyle üç boyutlu bir şeklin plastik şekil verme yöntemiyle mümkün hale getirilmesi amaçlanmış, malzemenin akışı kontrol edilerek ve estetik açıdan üç boyutlu akışlardan oluşan ürünlerin elde edilebilmesi için yeni bir plastik şekillendirme makinasının tasarımı yapılmıştır. Makine erkek şekillendirme kalıbı kullanarak, artırılmış ek form yöntemiyle seri üretime uygun serbest şekillerin elde edilmesini sağlayacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Gerdirme ile Şekillendirme, Serbest Şekillendirme, Plastik Şekillendirme, Saç Kalıbı
Online learning of socio-emotional behaviors in primary education during the COVID 19 pandemic. Case study
Authors: Manta Oana Corina , Enache Rodica Gabriela
Published: January 2022

In this paper we will analyze the characteristics of socio-emotional behaviors of primary school students in online learning conditions, the psycho-educational needs of students and socio-emotional learning, as well as a number of educational intervention strategies (positive teaching, positive discipline, assertive discipline).
Sindrom Komisura Wernekink; Patofisiologi dan Diagnosa: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur
Authors: Putri Novi Jayanti Sukarno
Published: January 2022

Sindroma commissure Wernekink adalah sindrom midbrain yang langka yang secara selektif mempengaruhi komisura Wernekink, ditandai dengan ataksia serebelar bilateral dan gangguan pergerakan mata, terutama oftalmoplegia internuklear. Defisit neurologis yang terlihat pada WCS diyakini disebabkan oleh gangguan pada tangkai serebelar superior, fasciculi longitudinal medial, dan traktus tegmental sentral. Pemeriksaan radiologis yang berguna yaitu pada magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dimana didapatkan gambaran "Lesi berbentuk hati" yang dianggap sebagai gambaran khas dari infark medular medial bilateral.
 
Wernekink commissure syndrome is a rare midbrain syndrome selectively affecting the Wernekink commissure, characterized by bilateral cerebellar ataxia and eye movement disorders, especially internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Neurologic deficits seen in WCS are believed to be caused by disruptions of the superior cerebellar peduncles, medial longitudinal fasciculi, and the central tegmental tract. Initially, a “heart-shaped lesion” on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was thought to be a distinctive presentation of bilateral medial medullary infarction.
Overview: Speech Processing Techniques
Authors: Onkare Ms. R. P. , Kulhalli Prof. Dr. K. V. , Prasad Prof. Dr. S. R.
Published: January 2022

With today’s world of covid-19 pandemic, with physical distancing it’s very important to classify the speech signal by audio recording with covid-19 patients or non-patients environment. This may be helpful for identifying cough sound signal. Now days it has become the hot topic with such pandemic. In this paper a review on supervised speech separation with conventional and deep learning methods has been addressed. With the recent growth in digital recording equipment’s it’s very much promising to record human being speech with assured quality. It would be also helpful for classifying different kinds of cough events automatically in future than manual recording..
OPTIMALISASI PERSIAPAN RUANG MUAT PADA MUSIM DINGIN DI MV. JK PIONEER
Authors: Kata Ponganan Dirgantara , Widarbowo Dodik , Allolayuk Aries
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai cara menyiapkan ruang muat dengan baik dan sesuai prosedur. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di MV. JK Pioneer, yang merupakan salah satu armada kapal milik JK Maritime Inc. Pelaksanaan penelitian selama dua belas bulan, sehingga sumber data diperoleh langsung dari tempat penelitian berupa informasi-informasi berdasarkan hasil pengamatan yang disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat banyak kekurangan yang terjadi dalam proses persiapan ruang muat pada musim dingin, baik dalam hal pengetahuan maupun perlengkapan peralatan.
ANALISIS PENGIKATAN KONTAINER DI KM. MERATUS SEMARANG
Authors: Idnan Andi Muhammad , Eka Wahyuni Tri Iriani , Fauzi Ahmad
Published: January 2022

Kontainer adalah salah satu temuan penting dalam dunia pelayaran yang dapat mempercepat proses pemuatan barang dan transfer dari satu tempat ketempat lain. Pengikatan muatan yang benar akan mengikat muatan sehingga tidak bergeser dari tempatnya selama dalam pelayaran meskipun kapal diterjang badai. Penelitian ini mengalisa penggunaan alat pengikatan kontainer di kapal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa bagaimana penggunaan alat pengikatan kontainer yang dilaksanakan oleh awak kapal di KM. Meratus Semarang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di KM. Meratus Semarang. Sumber data yang diperoleh adalah data primer yang diperoleh langsung dari tempat penelitian dengan cara melakukan pengamatan. Penenelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pelaksanaan pengikatan kontainer di kapal belum dilaksanakan sesuai ketentuan sehingga berpotensi pada kecelakaan. Penyebabnya adalah kurangnya pemahaman awak kapal dalam pengikatan kontainer, kurangnya pengawasan dari perwira bagian dek pada saat pengikatan dan terbatasnya peralatan pengikatan diatas kapal.
Modelo sistémico con enfoque en disciplinas individuales de las organizaciones inteligentes y la eficiencia organizacional
Authors: Zanabria-Ortega Milder
Published: January 2022

El modelado del comportamiento de una organización desde una perspectiva de organización inteligente, es un tema desafiante, sin embargo, se logró determinar la influencia de un modelo de dinámica de sistemas sobre el enfoque de las organizaciones inteligentes en la eficiencia organizacional de una universidad pública. Se logró la construcción y validación del modelo en sus diferentes jerarquías. Al incidir en el domino personal, primera disciplina individual de una organización inteligente, se observa que la eficiencia organizacional podría mejorar en un 15% a lo largo del tiempo. En cuanto a la disposición por cambiar los modelos mentales estos podrían influir de un 41% a un 64% sobre la eficiencia, esto en un periodo de tiempo de 36 meses. Lográndose también ver la sinergia que existe al combinar cada una de las disciplinas desde una perspectiva holística. Concluyendo, que el modelo con enfoque en las organizaciones inteligentes denota una influencia positiva en la eficiencia de las universidades, en este caso en la universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno.
Identificación genómica de bacterias ácido lácticas aisladas de las heces del sajino (Pecari tajacu)
Authors: Vásquez-Rojas Lourdes , Fabian-Dominguez Fredy , Baylon-Cuba Miluska , Sanchez-Cardenas Hugo , Mialhe Eric
Published: January 2022

El sajino (Pecari tajacu) es una especie de alto valor comercial en el mercado internacional por su carne y cuero. Los animales criados en cautividad se caracterizan por su rusticidad probablemente debido a su microbiota nativa que resulta de gran interés como fuente de probióticos para su manejo en zoocriadero. El objetivo fue identificar molecularmente, la microbiota de las heces del sajino. Siendo la metodología, aislamiento y purificación bacteriana en medio de cultivo selectivo MRS, seguidamente la extracción de ADN dirigida al gen 16S ADNr, PCR, electroforesis, secuenciación y finalmente el análisis bioinformático. Resultando, cepas bacterianas ácido lácticas, Weissella confusa, Weissella cibaria, Pediococcus pentosaceus y Lactobacillus plantarum. Este estudio abre la vía a la “domesticación” de probióticos de especies animales silvestres candidatas para el desarrollo de nuevas actividades pecuarias, en particular en zonas de amortiguamiento de reservas de biosfera.
Dieta Natural (BARF) vs. Dieta Comercial (CROQUETAS)
Authors: Terán-Piña Julio , Chong Insapillo Jury , Rojas-Vasquez Zulema , Gutiérrez-Arce Felipe , Roque-Alcarraz Roberto
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar la relación costo beneficio de una dieta natural (BARF) y una dieta una dieta comercial (CROQUETAS) en perros criollo, en la ciudad de Tarapoto. Se trabajó con un total de 16 canes, de los cuales 8 fueron machos y 8 hembras, con edades de entre 4 – 6 meses de edad, con pesos y tallas similares. Los animales fueron separados en 2 grupos de acuerdo a la dieta utilizada: 8 en la dieta BARF (4 ♂ y 4 ♀) y 8 en la dieta comercial (4 ♂ y 4 ♀). Para la Dieta BARF, se tomó en cuenta la edad y el peso, correspondiendo un 8% del peso vivo. La ración consistió en un 60% de huesos carnosos, 20% de carne con grasa, 10% de vísceras y 10% de vegetales. La alimentación con dieta comercial se realizó utilizando una conocida marca de alimento comercial, brindándose de acuerdo a sus especificaciones. El consumo de alimento se determinó con la diferencia entre el peso del alimento brindado a cada animal menos el alimento rechazado. El costo/beneficio fue la conversión alimenticia por tipo de dieta multiplicado por el costo por Kg de cada dieta. Se pudo observar que, el costo beneficio la diferencia en soles entre dietas para ganar un kg de alimento es de S/. 28.76; por lo que se concluyó que la dieta BARF cuenta con más beneficio económico.
Efeito do Ciclo de Vida na Relação entre Qualidade da Governança Corporativa e Custo da Dívida das Empresas Abertas no Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro João Paulo Machado , Viana Dêner Matheus da Silva , Martins Orleans Silva
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: Investigar o efeito do estágio de ciclo de vida na relação entre a qualidade da governança corporativa e o custo da dívida das empresas abertas no Brasil.
Método: A qualidade da governança corporativa foi medida por meio de um índice (CGI) composto por 9 itens e o custo da dívida foi capturado diretamente das notas explicativas das demonstrações financeiras. A análise contou com 49 empresas não financeiras integrantes do IBrX-100 entre os anos de 2010 e 2019, com auxílio de regressões com dados em painel.
Originalidade/Relevância: O estudo inova aos explorar o efeito moderador do estágio do ciclo de vida das firmas na relação entre governança corporativa e custo da dívida, demonstrando que essa associação é mais importante nos estágios de Turbulência e Declínio.
Resultados: O custo médio da dívida foi de 7,64% a.a., inferior às médias evidenciadas em estudos anteriores no contexto brasileiro, estando mais alinhado às práticas do mercado. Os achados demonstram que a governança é mais importante para a redução do custo da dívida de empresas nos estágios de Turbulência e Declínio, revelando que efetivamente o ciclo de vida da empresa importa para essa relação.
Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: O estudo demonstra que o custo da dívida não é representado adequadamente pelo agregado da rubrica “Despesas Financeiras” das demonstrações financeiras da empresa, que o mercado de crédito tende a incluir a governança na determinação do custo do capital e que o ciclo de vida é especialmente importante para a redução do custo da dívida de empresas mais arriscadas, nos estágios de Turbulência e de Declínio.
A Black Jurist in a Slave Society
Authors: Grinberg Keila
Published: January 2022

Now in English for the first time, Keila Grinberg's compelling study of the nineteenth-century jurist Antonio Pereira Rebouças (1798–1880) traces the life of an Afro-Brazilian intellectual who rose from a humble background to play a key--and conflicted--role as Brazilians struggled to define citizenship and understand racial politics. One of the most prominent specialists in civil law of his time, Rebouças explained why blacks fought stridently for their own inclusion in society but also complicitly embraced an ethic of silence on race more broadly. Grinberg argues that while this silence was crucial for defining spaces of social mobility and respectability regardless of race, it was also stifling, and played an important role in quelling political mobilization based on racial identity.
Rebouças’s commitment to liberal ideals also exemplifies the contradiction he embodied: though he rejected movements that were grounded in racial political mobilization, he was consistently treated as potentially dangerous for the single fact that he was of African origin. Grinberg demonstrates how Rebouças’s life and career—encompassing such themes as racial politics and identities, slavery and racism, and imperfect citizenship—are central for our understanding of Atlantic slave and post-abolition societies.
Conclusion
Authors: Grinberg Keila
Published: January 2022

Rebouças died in 1880. Throughout his life he believed in and argued for universal civil rights for all Brazilians. The issues Rebouças raised about relations between and the status of enslaved and freed people were not solved while Brazil was an empire. Slavery was an impediment to the creation of a Brazilian civil law, but it was not the only one. The changing status of enslaved persons and the definition of citizenship were also important factors, both of which Rebouças understood.
Poor White Women in the Confederacy
Authors: Glymph Thavolia
Published: January 2022

Poor white women and children hawking goods and traveling the roads in carts was not a new sight during the Civil War, but it did take on a different resonance in this context. How poor white women fit or were to be incorporated into a war for slavery garnered more concern from slaveholders, government, and military officials as the war progressed. Their increased visibility as dissenters from the Confederate project caused problems; they got into conflicts with other white, female refugees, engaged in outright resistance, and sided with poor and working-class white men who did not want to fight for or deserted the Confederacy. Calls for white southerners to unite across class lines began to fall apart as the war went on partly because of the disproportionate demands placed on poor and working-class women became untenable for many. The worlds of poor white women and slaveholding female refugees also began to overlap, emphasizing the dissimilarity of these women’s experiences. The politics of poor and nonslaveholding white Southern women was grounded in the particularities of their political economy and social worlds.
Enslaved Women
Authors: Glymph Thavolia
Published: January 2022

Black women fought for their freedom and the Union by supporting Black men in the Union Army, laboring for the Federal Government and Union Army, and transforming plantations into sites of resistance. The Civil War slowly enlarged the space for the slaves’ war and transformed the terms of the bargains they had been called to make. Enslaved women’s actions transformed the meaning of “women in the Civil War” from one which primarily referred to white women to one that included Black women as well. Their actions also transformed the gender and racial dynamics of the war.
Am I a Soldier of the Cross?
Authors: Glymph Thavolia
Published: January 2022

The vast majority of Northern women supported the Union cause. Some had been on the forefront of the abolitionist movement, but for most the Civil War’s goal was a restoration of the Union. Rich and poor Northern white women turned their homes into miniature factories or worked in actual factories to ensure soldiers’ material, civic, and spiritual needs were met. Yet like in the South, many Northern white women found the demands placed upon them untenable and urged their men to come home. There were class-based divisions over how best to orgainze aid for soldiers, including over the work done by the U.S Sanitary Commission (USSC). Many elite, Northern, white women sought to separate themselves from or refused to work with working-class, poor, and Black Northern women on support efforts. Wealthy white women became the aristocracy of women’s wartime abolition movement and very few Americans then or since have questioned their ascent or how their wealth (derived from the North’s connections to slavery) enabled their politics.
Under the Restless Wings of an Army
Authors: Glymph Thavolia
Published: January 2022

This chapter focuses on how Confederate women converged the stories of the home front and battlefront in their letters, diaries, and journals. They frequently blamed men, particularly Union soldiers, for the war they experienced on the home front, despite the fact white, Confederate women rarely experienced deliberate violence from and received protection from the Union Army. The same could not be said for enslaved women or black women refugees, who frequently suffered deliberate harm. Race and class informed Southern women’s gendered experience of the war. William Tecumseh Sherman was a frequent recipient of Confederate women’s ire.
Conclusion
Authors: Glymph Thavolia
Published: January 2022

The conclusion reasserts that gender, race, and class informed women’s experiences of the Civil War. Women’s struggles and victories in the fights they waged, as they came into contact with each other across borders previously restricted by law and custom on the basis of class and race, inspired some to tear down these boundaries and others to strengthen them.
Introduction
Authors: Cahill Cathleen D.
Published: January 2022

In March 1913, a diverse group of women’s suffrage activists gathered in Washington, D.C. for the first national woman suffrage parade. The women came from many racial and national backgrounds, but all gathered with the singular purpose of advocating for women’s full belonging in the United States. The introduction explains that Recasting the Vote looks to the examples of six specific women in order to explore the broad range of suffrage activism and other political activity of women of color. These suffragists of color did not come to the movement from the same place as other more well-documented activists, nor did their paths lead to the same ends afterward. Women of color bore a different relationship to U.S. citizenship, and thus their arguments for suffrage looked different than those of white women advocating for the vote. The introduction lays out the intervention of the book as well as a brief section summary.
Race Rhymes
Authors: Clifford Carrie Williams
Published: January 2022

By 1912, Carrie Williams Clifford had built a strong reputation in the black community as a “noted suffragist.” She organized meetings about women’s voting rights in Washington, D.C. and traveled to speak on the topic in other cities. She made her case for women’s enfranchisement by drawing on ideas of women’s difference, especially their capacity as mothers. For black women, the sources of death, degradation, and destruction were not abstract concepts but the direct result of white supremacy. Concern about the racial violence aimed at their communities made their decision to fight for the vote quite different from that of white women. Clifford directed her considerable intellect and energy towards fighting “the problem of the color line” and founded several organizations committed to fighting anti-black violence and came to recognize the need for suffrage rights during those battles. To understand Clifford’s political agenda and how suffrage fit into it, it is essential to recognize how she became politicized and what her goals were.
The Indian Princess Who Wasn’t There
Authors: Cahill Cathleen D.
Published: January 2022

In February 1913, headlines exploded in newspapers across the country: “Indian Girl in Suffragists Parade”; “Dawn Mist, Indian Girl, to Ride as Suffragists;” “Indian Maidens to Ride in Parade.” Editors pounced on the story as it came across their desks on the wires. It had everything—the controversial issue of suffrage, an exotic Indian princess, a western railroad magnate, and a patriotic procession. In fact, there was no such person as Dawn Mist, only a character created by the public relations department of the Great Northern Railway. Why then had she so convincingly captured the nation’s imagination? The answer lies in white Americans’ fascination with Indians, which suffused the way they thought about suffrage.
The Problem of the Color Line
Authors: Clifford Carrie Williams
Published: January 2022

In 1913, suffragists revived the strategy of amending the U.S. Constitution. Part 2 focuses on the story of women’s activism after this shift from 1913-1917.
While the Washington suffrage parade symbolized the possibility of unified womanhood, the moment was fleeting. After the parade, growing racial tensions and divisions over suffrage strategy meant that women of color faced difficult choices regarding the paths they would take forward. Those paths were increasingly constrained by a rising tide of white supremacy. Women’s suffrage activism varied depending on both race and citizenship status. Black women’s suffrage activism was infused with antiracist work. In particular, black women drew specific parallels between race prejudice and sex prejudice to make the case for enfranchising women. For Carrie Clifford, the struggle for citizenship was a cultural battle as well as a political one. Moreover, she, like other black women, recognized that the suffrage struggle faced by her community was not only about woman’s suffrage but also about black men’s right to vote.
Mr. President, Why Not Make America Safe for Democracy?
Authors: Clifford Carrie Williams
Published: January 2022

Part 3 demonstrates that the entry of the United States into World War I changed the political landscape once again as suffrage activists balanced their demands for greater democracy at home with the war abroad.
During the fall of 1916, suffrage speakers and organizers fanned out across the western states where women could vote to stump against Democrats. Having failed to keep President Wilson out of office, Alice Paul and her colleagues in the National Woman’s Party turned to publicly shaming him, organizing a vigil in front of the White House in 1917. But with the declaration of war, Washington D.C. immediately changed. America’s entry into the Great War shifted suffragists’ calculations as they reassessed their political strategies in light of the conflict in which their nation was now enmeshed. Despite the new demands on their time from aid or support work, and, for some, the emotional toll of having loved ones in the military, the women remained engaged in their political activism and continued to fight for suffrage and women’s rights.
Love and Partnership
Authors: Parker Alison M.
Published: January 2022

Mollie Church met Robert Heberton Terrell when she moved to Washington, D.C., to teach Latin and Greek at the M Street High School. Robert Terrell played a crucial role in Mollie Church’s life for almost forty years, first as a suitor and then beloved husband. Enslaved as a child, Robert Heberton Terrell went on to graduate from Harvard College and was appointed as the first black Municipal Court Judge. As their correspondence and her diaries reveal, Mollie and Berto Terrell built their relationship on an enduring love and sexual passion as well as on a shared vision of social change and civil rights for all Americans. The couple’s newlywed bliss was severely tested by a series of tragic reproductive health crises over seven years, including a late term miscarriage, a stillbirth, and infant’s death. This chapter discusses how the couple coped with Mollie’s health crises and bouts of deep depression. Throughout their marriage, Robert supported his wife’s advocacy for woman suffrage, anti-lynching, and civil rights.
Religion
Authors: Parker Alison M.
Published: January 2022

For most of Terrell’s life, Christianity provided her with a social structure, a network, a community, and a set of ideals by which she aspired to live. A member of the Congregational Church, her liberal theology and embrace of the “Church Militant” focused on freedom in this world as well as the next. Theologically and socially liberal, Terrell’s ecumenical goal was unity and cooperation among all denominations. Terrell hoped for a racially integrated and activist militant church. Terrell’s encounter with the Oxford Group movement introduced her to a predominantly white nondenominational evangelical religious movement. Founded after World War I by Frank Buchman, the Oxford Group was at the peak of its popularity in 1936, when almost 10,000 people, including Terrell, attended its First National Assembly, in Massachusetts. But the Oxford Group could not become ballast for her because its members did not treat her or other African Americans as equals. In the late 1940s, Terrell finally felt optimistic when Christian ministers began to engage in the Civil Rights Movement. The interracial Fellowship of Reconciliation and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) began bringing blacks and whites together to practice a Christianity based on love, freedom, and racial justice.
Fighting for Equality
Authors: Parker Alison M.
Published: January 2022

By virtue of having graduated from Oberlin College, Mollie Church automatically received a membership invitation to the American Association of University Women. She joined the local chapter when she settled in Washington but let her membership lapse. Decades later, in 1946, with the encouragement of her closest white friend and ally, Janet “Nettie” McKelvey Swift, she tried to rejoin and so desegregate the local affiliate. It took years for the case she and Nettie were making for equality and integration to make its way through the court system as well as into the AAUW’s national constitution. Terrell’s congressional testimony in favor of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) was viewed by AAUW women as too radical. She also faced charges of being a communist sympathizer from liberal AAUW women who were also strongly anti-communist. Red Scare antagonism toward the Soviet Union increased after World War II. Terrell’s work with Paul Robeson and the Council on African Affairs, as well as with the Communist-sponsored Civil Rights Congress (CRC), drew the suspicion of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC).
Superman of America vs. Ameen Rihani
Authors: Rana Swati
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores the character of the imperialist immigrant that Ameen Rihani represents in his early work. Beginning with an epistolary volume, Letters to Uncle Sam, written from 1917 to 1919, this chapter focuses on The Book of Khalid (1911), a picaresque novel whose titular protagonist seeks as the “Superman of America” to found an Arab empire on the American model. This chapter analyzes the hyperproduction of character in the manic figure of Khalid and its reframing by a wry Editor, essentially the character function of Rihani. It demonstrates how Rihani indicts the American dream and the impossible identifications to which diasporic subjects and Arab Americans in particular are subjected.
Transcendental Self-Culture and the Horizons of Bioplasticity
Authors: Doty Josh
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines American Transcendentalism’s response to health reform. It engages the writing and thought of Amos Bronson Alcott, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Margaret Fuller, Henry David Thoreau, and Nathaniel Hawthorne. For these thinkers, reform is a project of self-culture grounded in bioplasticity, the ability of the body to change. They viewed the human body as knowable, plastic, and open to influence from the self and the world. They disagreed, however, about how and why the body changes. The chapter reads Hawthorne’s The House of the Seven Gables as questioning attempts to reform the human body that do not take the conservative force of heredity into account. In the face of inherited characteristics, passed down through generations and centuries, can bodies change as rapidly and as fully as Hawthorne’s Transcendentalist contemporaries suggest?
Tricks of the Blood
Authors: Doty Josh
Published: January 2022

This chapter argues Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.’s first two novels, Elsie Venner: A Romance of Destiny and The Guardian Angel offer a vision of inherited characteristics that is more plastic than that offered by either the Calvinist theology of Holmes’ childhood or that offered by the hereditary determinism of his scientific contemporaries. These novels, published at the dawn of the Darwinian revolution, attempt to address how inherited characteristics might be amenable to positive change. Both novels conceptualize criminal or socially destructive inherited tendencies as chronic or congenital conditions to be managed by treatment, not condemned as the wages of original sin or dismissed as unalterable. Yet they both show the project of treating a person’s hereditary tendencies is ethically fraught, for they depict how such a project invokes questions of identity, agency, and social control that are difficult to resolve. Holmes’s novels invoke enduring questions about harnessing bioplasticity for reformist ends. What constitutes a behavior that should be changed? Who gets to decide? What say does an individual have in the operations of her own physiology? Is she still the same person in the wake of her body’s re-formation? At what point does melioration, reform, treatment, or repair become control?
Segregation
Authors: Jemison Elizabeth L.
Published: January 2022

At Mississippi’s 1890 state constitutional convention, white ministers blessed the work of disenfranchising black voters as the triumph of Christian family order. With the loss of civil and political rights, Black Christians renewed their theological arguments that racial prejudice and violence were sins before heaven. Denied any robust defense of their civil and political rights by local or federal governments, Black Christians shifted their arguments for Christian citizenship inward, arguing that education and self-reliance were keys to future political success. White southerners celebrated their Christian paternalism alongside new efforts to memorialize the Confederacy. They consolidated white supremacist power under Jim Crow segregation, which they justified as the reinstatement of antebellum biblical order on the eve of a new century.
The Dangers That Surround the Child
Authors: Rodríguez Daniel A.
Published: January 2022

This chapter, along with Chapter 5, expands on the relations between the postcolonial economy and public health, taking on the two central health concerns of the postindependence period: tuberculosis and infant mortality. It emphasizes the limits of a medical nationalism that ignored the roots of disease in the neocolonial economy and show the growing demands for nationalist health policies that addressed poverty in addition to providing medical services and health education. It also explores the expansion in child and maternal health work in early-twentieth-century Havana in context of years of alarming infant mortality statistics. In response to this health crisis, officials organized the Children’s Health Service, which was responsible for the medical care of poor children, the creation of special sanatoriums for tubercular children, the supervision of midwives and wet nurses, the care and hygienic education of poor mothers and pregnant women, and other work as part of a holistic effort to reduce the city’s infant mortality rate. Despite calls from reformers, it remained up to private organizations to directly confront the economic basis of infant mortality.
Lyrical Strains
Authors: Zellinger Elissa
Published: January 2022

In this book, Elissa Zellinger analyzes both political philosophy and poetic theory in order to chronicle the consolidation of the modern lyric and the liberal subject across the long nineteenth century. In the nineteenth-century United States, both liberalism and lyric sought self-definition by practicing techniques of exclusion. Liberalism was a political philosophy whose supposed universals were limited to white men and created by omitting women, the enslaved, and Native peoples. The conventions of poetic reception only redoubled the sense that liberal selfhood defined its boundaries by refusing raced and gendered others. Yet Zellinger argues that it is precisely the poetics of the excluded that offer insights into the dynamic processes that came to form the modern liberal and lyric subjects. She examines poets—Frances Sargent Osgood, Elizabeth Oakes Smith, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Edna St. Vincent Millay, and E. Pauline Johnson—whose work uses lyric practices to contest the very assumptions about selfhood responsible for denying them the political and social freedoms enjoyed by full liberal subjects. In its consideration of politics and poetics, this project offers a new approach to genre and gender that will help shape the field of nineteenth-century American literary studies.