bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single plant detection from field-based drone images using deep learning
Authors: Pandy Piyush , Kick Daniel R , Best Norman , Washburn Jacob D
Published: October 2023

Plant phenotyping using images from unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) is
typically limited to trait acquisition at the plot level, generally
accompanied by the manual delineation of plot boundaries. However,
phenotyping of natural populations, mutant populations, and segregating
germplasm are difficult or impossible without plant level phenotypes.
Plant level boundary delineation is complicated by many factors and
manual delineation is impossible in even relatively small field
experiments. We present a method for using object detection models on
raw UAS images followed by the “projection” of the resulting bounding
boxes onto the orthophoto for geolocation. The method is able to detect
individual maize plants in UAS images, create accurate bounding boxes
around these plants on the orthophoto via differential
orthorectification, and extract individual plant heights from the
Digital Surface Model (DSM) as well as spectral indices like Normalized
Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values from orthophotos. For
verification, we compared the heights obtained from this method to the
heights obtained by manually drawing the bounding box for each plant and
calculated the precision. The method performs with accuracies as high as
0.9 depending on the growth stage and other factors. We expect this
accuracy can be increased with larger training sets and further methods
development.
Robust Phenotyping Robot with Tactile Feedback
Authors: Chen Ziling , Li Xuan , Young Colin , Zhao Tianzhang , Ness Clayton , Elkin Nathanael Jahn , Canova Santiago , Shurr Maximus Timothy , Uppuluri Raghava Sai , Yu She , Jin Jian
Published: October 2023

Modern agriculture increasingly relies on non-invasive techniques for
plant health monitoring. Touch-based proximal hyperspectral imaging
(HSI), where sensors directly clamp onto leaves, offers intricate plant
details but faces distinct challenges. Current methods lack real-time
awareness of the pressure and alignment between the sensor and the leaf
surface. This blind interaction could lead to potential damage to the
leaf or even affect internal cellular structures, which could alter the
hyperspectral readings. In this research, we introduce the integration
of a tactile sensor with a robotic system specialized for touch-based
proximal HSI of corn. This fusion of HSI with the GelSight sensor
provides high-resolution tactile feedback, crucial for gentle plant
navigation and precise positioning. This tactile guidance ensures the
robotic system applies consistent and safe pressure on the corn,
reducing the risk of unintended damage and improving the consistency in
hyperspectral data. Experiments showcased the efficacy of this
integration. Results highlighted a significant improvement in imaging
data quality, scanning success rate, and consistency, with the tactile
sensor reducing inadvertent plant disturbances compared to non-tactile
methods. In conclusion, the seamless merger of HSI with tactile feedback
represents a significant advancement in precision agriculture. This
integrated approach promises enhanced plant health monitoring, fostering
sustainable farming and increased yield potential.
Lidar-Detectable Feature Variation in Northern Hardwood Species
Authors: Carpenter Joshua , Jung Minyoung , Goel Arnav , Jung Jinha , Fei Songlin
Published: October 2023

This study explores cross-species variations in structural metrics
derived from individual tree lidar scans and analyzes the structural
characteristics of trees at both the individual and plot levels.
Understanding the species composition of forests is vital for assessing
ecosystem health and biodiversity. For this reason, much research has
been dedicated to distinguishing between species through remotely sensed
datasets; however, the goal of remote species identification remains
unrealized. Progress has been hindered by two key challenges: 1) the
lack of precisely georeferenced ground validation data, and 2)
insufficient consideration of 3D environmental factors such as terrain,
understory layers, and the structural entanglement of natural forests.
In this study, we address these challenges by compiling a ground
validation dataset comprised of precisely high-density laser scans at 60
forest inventory plot locations. Within this dataset, each of the 1200
trees is segmented and paired with a manually verified species label.
Using this comprehensive dataset, we first isolate individual trees and
investigate cross-species variations in lidar feature metrics.
Subsequently, we examine how these structural features vary within the
context of the micro-environment of their respective plots. Our analysis
also explores how factors such as terrain and neighboring species impact
structural feature variance. Our findings suggest that detectable
structural features hold significant potential in accurately assessing
biodiversity and determining the species composition within forests.
Aboveground Biomass Estimation of Northern Hardwood Forest Using UAS Lidar
Authors: Jung Minyoung , Carpenter Joshua , Fei Songlin , Jung Jinha
Published: October 2023

Above-ground biomass (AGB) is one of the key features of understanding
forests. Thanks to lidar’s ability to observe the structural
characteristics of forests, much research has successfully estimated AGB
over diverse forests using airborne lidar (light detection and ranging)
data. However, a limited number of studies have focused on the AGB of
hardwood forests, which include more complex structural characteristics
and require higher-quality lidar data. In this study, we explore the
structural information derived from UAS (unoccupied aerial system) lidar
data with high point density and estimate the AGB of a hardwood forest,
the Martell Forest, Indiana, USA. Particularly, a deep learning-based
approach by subplots is proposed in this paper to utilize
high-dimensional information of UAS lidar data, considering conventional
methods by plots showed the inability to fully exploit the potential of
UAS lidar. The experimental results in this paper demonstrate that the
UAS lidar data can be alternatively used to investigate hardwood forests
in the northern USA.
Purdue ABE’s New Plant Sensor Technologies for Improved Crop Phenotyping Quality
Authors: Jin Jian
Published: October 2023

Plant phenotyping technologies have been developing rapidly over the
last 2 decades. Plant sensors are becoming more accurate, faster, and
easier to use. However, there are still bottleneck issues in plant
sensing, including the changing environmental conditions, the plant’s
diurnal activities, and the
complicated Genotype-by-Treatment-by-Environment interactions. These
issues keep plant phenotyping difficult and limit further application of
the sensor technologies in precision agriculture. The Purdue Ag
Engineers have been working innovatively to develop the next generation
sensor technologies to address these issues. In this presentation, Dr.
Jin will firstly introduce the four automatic high-throughput
phenotyping facilities recently developed at Purdue and explain why they
were built and how they’ve been successfully used in detecting diseases,
nutrients deficiencies, and chemical damages. He will then introduce
ABE’s most recent plant sensor technologies, including the 2021 Davidson
Prize winner, LeafSpec, and the new drone and ground-based robots for
automatic field phenotyping in different scenarios. Dr. Jin will also
briefly share some discovery stories in plant phenotyping, such as how
the crop images diurnal variances, and how to leverage the advantages of
remote sensing and proximal sensing.
A Novel Spectral-Structural Analysis Method based on Corn Leaf Hyperspectral Images for the Identification of Nitrogen Deficiencies
Authors: Song Zhihang , Zhang Jinnuo , Wei Xing , Chen Ziling , Jin Jian
Published: October 2023

As one of the largest supplied grain crops, corn plants often require a
significant amount of nitrogen fertilizer for optimal yield. However,
excessive fertilizer usage can lead to adverse environmental
consequences, especially for the nearby hydrological network. To
precisely manage nitrogen application, accurate measurement of corn crop
nitrogen deficiency is necessary. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) techniques
are widely applied in plant phenotyping to effectively measure plant
traits caused by biotic or abiotic stresses. While previous HSI
processing methods primarily focus on the overall color change, they
rarely analyze the signal from the leaf-level spatial domain. However,
early-stage nitrogen deficiency symptoms may not significantly alter the
overall color, resulting in limited model performance in such cases. A
newly developed HSI device called LeafSpec can scan an entire corn leaf
with a high signal-over-noise ratio paired with high spatial-spectral
resolution, capturing the detailed color changes at the leaf structure
level. This study focused on identifying distinctive nitrogen deficiency
indicators using an innovative methodology that applies spectral
analysis to the details of leaf venation structures. The study started
with developing an automated venation segmentation algorithm to separate
a whole corn leaf into structural components. An in-depth examination of
the spectral profiles associated with different leaf components
introduced a new spatial-spectral index, demonstrating a higher
correlation with the nitrogen content data than the averaged spectral
indices. The high-resolution spectral-structural features discovered
with this method provided new potential to improve the performance of
the nitrogen prediction model in terms of both accuracy and robustness.
Remote Phenotyping Strategies for Sunflower Flowering Assessments at Corteva Agriscience
Authors: Volpato Leonardo , Tolosa Sara Tirado
Published: October 2023

The flowering date of sunflowers is a crucial trait that significantly
influences crop management practices and product placement. This trait
can be measured by counting the number of days from planting until 50%
of plants in a given research plot have reached flowering at R5
developmental growth stage. Traditional ground methods for data
collection are labor-intensive and subjective, requiring field
scientists to manually estimate and record plots with 50% flowering
every 1-2 days. This approach not only consumes considerable time but
also potentially overlooks valuable information related to flowering
rates and duration. To address these challenges, we leveraged UAVs
(Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), which allow for surveying a field in a short
span of time, to model flower counts over time and predict the date when
the plot reached 50% flowering. The method developed employs a deep
learning model trained to detect yellow sunflower heads from UAV imagery
and modeling these counts over time using a logistic function to
estimate the 50% flowering date. With this method, flowering date was
precisely estimated with high correlation relative to the ground
measurements (r = >0.92) across experiments and locations.
An increase in heritability for the remote sensing trait was also
observed relative to the ground trait, and more importantly we were able
to gain additional insights into flowering rates and duration. This
innovative approach offers a promising avenue for enhancing the
efficiency and accuracy of sunflower phenotyping.
A low-cost system to quantify root phenotypes resulting from root-root interactions
Authors: LaVoy William Alexander , Liu Suxing , Hossain Kabir , Bucksch Alexander
Published: October 2023

Root-root interactions significantly impact the formation of
architectural root phenotypes, yet are poorly understood. Phenotype
formation is impacted by sensing of soil resources and exudates of
neighboring plants (Nord et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2021), which
motivates the need to accurately quantify this phenomenon into its
underlying causes. Currently, we are developing a complete experimental
system for root-root interactions. A mesh frame has been designed to
support the growth of two mature plant root systems. The frame is
inserted into a large mesocosm, filled with a sand/soil mixture, and two
plants are grown. To harvest, the mesocosm is disassembled and the
sand/soil is gently washed away. Root systems are left suspended in the
mesh and using a Canon EOS Rebel T5, ~500 total photos
are taken at 10 different angles ranging from below to above the roots,
360° around the frame. DIRT/3D is used to construct 3D models and
extract data from individual root systems. We are in the process of
improving our data extraction methods to include spatial traits relative
to the two root systems. To do so, we dye the root systems right before
harvesting. The difference in coloration allows the use of a deep
learning model based on U-net architecture to perform image segmentation
and separate roots in the 3D models. Our next step is to run a larger
experiment with 10 mesh frames. This will provide statistical
significance for trait identification and adaptation of DIRT/3D for
root-root interaction data extraction and analysis.
Sorghum Roots in Focus: Leveraging Minirhizotrons and Machine Learning for Root Growth Analysis and Prediction
Authors: Coquerel Marie De Gracia , Ahmed Nurzaman , Payne Madison , Shakoor Nadia
Published: October 2023

Roots are vital for crop development, facilitating water and nutrient
uptake, adapting to soil conditions, and supporting above-ground plant
growth. Sorghum, a climate-resilient and versatile cereal crop, plays a
significant role in global food security and bioenergy production,
making its study especially relevant. Analyzing root architecture (RA)
traditionally involves destructive and time-consuming methods that
preclude longitudinal observations of individual plants. Here we used
minirhizotrons (MR), wireless, non-destructive devices developed to
capture root imagery. With MR, we aim to identify sorghum varieties that
are conducive to prolonged underground carbon storage through larger and
deeper roots. Insights into sorghum’s RA could also better elucidate the
link between RA and above-ground productivity.

We conducted two experiments using the MR cameras. The 2023 summer field
experiment at the Danforth Field Research Site (FRS) assessed the impact
of tilling and cover crop practices on RA in two sorghum varieties,
employing 96 MR tubes across 48 plots. An indoor trial on 35 sorghum
lines used 73 MR tubes, with RootSnap software facilitating image
analysis. Preliminary findings indicate that MR predicts root biomass
with high accuracy, both overall and at each depth, and can determine
root color with 90% accuracy. Finally, through the development of a
neural network, we aim to utilize image analysis to predict root biomass
at various depths, providing a labor-saving alternative to soil coring.
We also address challenges, including the limited dataset size and image
noise, through enhanced feature engineering and provide a comprehensive
comparison of multiple machine-learning techniques.
Segmentation in Tree Diameter Measurement via 3D Methods
Authors: Yin Zhiheng , Zhang Song , Fei Songlin
Published: October 2023

Tree trunk diameter measurement, particularly Diameter at Breast Height
(DBH) is a critical task for foresters, indispensable for both the
health assessment and market valuation of trees. Traditionally, this
measurement has been performed using diameter tapes, a method which is
both labor-intensive and time-consuming. In extreme cases where trees
are inaccessible, obtaining accurate diameter data becomes particularly
challenging. While mobile technology offers a convenient avenue for data
collection, most existing algorithms for diameter calculation are not
optimized for mobile applications. Wang, et al. has developed a method
for diameter calculation utilizing 3D data and tree trunk mask, but it
requires clean segmentation of the tree trunk for precise measurement.
Advanced AI solutions like SAM exist, but their adaptation for mobile
platforms is not yet feasible. In this study, we introduce an efficient
method for tree trunk segmentation using 3D Lidar data captured via
iPhone devices. Crucially, our approach mitigates issues arising from
tilted camera angles and maintains stability in complex background
environments. Moreover, we have released an iOS application to
facilitate field-testing of this innovative approach. Our method not
only simplifies the process but also significantly enhances the accuracy
and accessibility of diameter measurements, bridging the gap between
advanced algorithms and real-world mobile applications.
Inwestycje jako instrument polityki regionalnej
Authors: Heller Janusz
Published: October 2023

Celem badań była ocena międzywojewódzkich dysproporcji w pozyskiwaniu inwestycji. Podstawą tej oceny była analiza skali napływu nakładów inwestycyjnych do województw o zróżnicowanym poziomie rozwoju gospodarczego w latach 2002-2006. W badaniach przyjęto hipotezę, że województwa o wyższym poziomie rozwoju gospodarczego są bardziej atrakcyjne dla inwestorów. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że poziom rozwoju gospodarczego województw miał wpływ na skalę pozyskiwanych inwestycji ogółem. W ten sposób pozytywnie zweryfikowano hipotezę badawczą. Inwestycje publiczne – podobnie jak prywatne – były w znacznym stopniu lokalizowane w oparciu o kryteria atrakcyjności inwestycyjnej, które są efektem poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego województw. Ocena wykazała jednak, że podział inwestycji publicznych zmniejsza istniejące dysproporcje między grupami województw o różnym poziomie rozwoju gospodarczego. Z kolei inwestycje prywatne, których liberalne zasady alokacji nie tylko nie pogłębiają istniejących dysproporcji międzyregionalnych, ale łagodzą je w stopniu zbliżonym do inwestycji publicznych. Jedynie grupa województw najsłabiej rozwiniętych gospodarczo charakteryzuje się wolniejszym tempem wzrostu nakładów inwestycyjnych sektora prywatnego.
ENHANCING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF ENTERPRISES IN THE FACE OF CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES AND TRENDS WITH THE USE OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Wiśniewska Marta , Grabowski Jakub
Published: October 2023

The article focuses on blockchain technology as a tool for supporting enterprises’ competitive potential. The subject of the theoretical considerations was the issues related to the competitiveness of enterprises in the face of market changes and contemporary trends, primarily events associated with the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. The main part of the publication was devoted to the determinants of the activity of enterprises on the Polish market concerning the implementation of blockchain technology. The empirical part indicated, among others, the essence and areas of application of blockchain technology in large enterprises and the possibilities of its practical use in the conducted business. The research undertaken aimed to analyse the possibility of treating blockchain technology as a factor in strengthening the competitiveness of enterprises. At the same time, it was found that large enterprises in Poland do not perceive the capabilities of blockchain-based technology, which may result from insufficient knowledge of its operation and functionality. Low awareness of the complexity and versatility of blockchain technology applications in the corporate sector may constitute a barrier to further disseminating this technology.
STRATEGY OF PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT. ASSUMPTIONS AND PRACTICE
Authors: Misiąg Jan , Misiąg Wojciech
Published: October 2023

The aim of the article is to confront the arrangements of official strategy papers concerning agricultural and rural development, including the performance indicators, with the data illustrating the real policy pursued in this area and the effects of this policy. The content of key strategy papersas well as relevant data from the Central Statistical Office and the Ministry of Finance were also analysed. As a result, it was found that: (1) the indicators of objectives focused on supporting agriculture and rural areas adopted in analysed strategies cannot be used to interpret a coherent concept of the policy towards rural areas and agriculture; (2) there are inconsistencies between the arrangements of different strategies; (3) public support was aimed primarily at improving the income situation of farmers, to the detriment of achieving such objectives as improvement of agrarian structure and efficiency of farms, improvement of living conditions in the countryside and more effective environmental protection.
BEHAVIOURAL SEASONAL ANOMALIES ON THE STOCK EXCHANGE – VERIFICATION OF THE JANUARY EFFECT ON THE WSE IN WARSAW
Authors: Pawlonka Tomasz , Sypniewski Paweł
Published: October 2023

Practice and empirical observations prove that achieving above-average returns on the stock market is possible. It is possible to achieve both higher and lower returns than those resulting from the fundamental value of the companies being valued. This condition is affected by anomalies that make the market ineffective. Numerous studies in behavioural finance show that the causes of market inefficiency are to be found in the incomplete rationality of investors. Numerous deviations of investor behaviour from the homo economicus model result from their cognitive and motivational limitations. Sometimes the mistakes of an individual investor are systematic – such systematic and massive errors take the form of heuristics that can influence the magnitude of market anomalies, including the occurrence of calendar effects. One of the best-known calendar anomalies is the January Effect. The January Effect is characterised by an increase in stock prices in January, andthe occurrence of the January Effect is expressed by the fact that the returns in January are the highest of the entire year. The research conducted on the Warsaw Stock Exchange confirmed the presence of the January Effect in small- and medium-sized companies. During the research, the presence of other calendar effects (related to the months of June and October) was also diagnosed.
Implementing GIS and linear regression models to investigate partial building failures
Authors: Merza Alaa Nuri , Raheem Aram Mohammed , Naser Ibrahim Jalal , Ibrahim Mohammed Omar , Omar Najat Qader
Published: October 2023

One of the most dangerous field problems in the civil engineering discipline is the suddenly developed cracks in the building, which could be caused by the swelling of the subsurface soil. Thus, this work has focused on employing a procedure in the geographic information system known as the inverse distance weighted (IDW) technique, to analyze the extent of cracks in a residential complex in the city of Kirkuk in Iraq using the physical and chemical soil data for seven boreholes from the field of the study. Physical soil parameters such as liquid limit (LL), gravel, sand, silt and clay percentages were characterized first, followed by chemical properties such as gypsum content (GYP), total suspended solids (TSS), potential of hydrogen (pH), and organic content (ORG). Furthermore, statistical studies such as plasticity index (PI) and soil characteristics association, linear single, and various linear multi-regression models were used. The data analysis shows that there are significantly positive and negative relationships between PI as a swelling indicator and the physical and chemical soil properties, although weak to moderate correlations were observed between PI and these variables. The PI values were accurately predicted by the proposed linear multi-regression models of the physical and integrated physical and chemical soil characteristics, with multiple R values of 0.92 for both models. As a result, the suggested statistical models can provide complete geographic and mechanical explanations for the crack sources in the investigated residential complex.
Acute effects of oral sodium bicarbonate on blood marker levels in elite judo athletes
Authors: Dankovic Goran , Stantic Tomislav , Stojiljkovic Nenad , Aleksic Ivana , Zivkovic Vladimir , Jakovljevic Vladimir
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The aim of this study was to establish if sodium bicarbonate
affects the blood marker levels after a Special Judo Fitness Test in elite
judo athletes. Material and Methods. Ten male judo athletes (age 20 ? 2.1
years; body height 180.18 ? 8.11 cm; body mass 85.24 ? 23.17 kg; body mass
index 25.2 ? 3.4 kg/m2), judo masters (black belt holders) with at least 10
years of training and competition experience, agreed to participate in the
current research. Results. The results showed a significant main effect of
time (p < 0.05) for the following variables: uric acid, aspartate
aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, creatine kinase, lactate
dehydrogenase, phosphate, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, and
chloride. We found that creatine kinase, C-reactive protein, sodium and
chloride were significantly different (p < 0.05) in the sodium bicarbonate
group compared to placebo group after the Special Judo Fitness Test.
Conclusion. The main finding of the present study was that sodium
bicarbonate (0.3 g/kg) improved recovery compared to placebo in elite
judokas. Therefore, coaches should consider sodium bicarbonate to improve
athlete recovery during combat.
Effects of mechanical ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass on postoperative pulmonary complications
Authors: Zdravkovic Ranko , Tatic Milanka , Golubovic Miodrag , Preveden Mihaela , Klinovski Marija , Vickovic Sanja
Published: October 2023

Introduction. It is common practice in on-pump cardiac surgery to stop
mechanical ventilation when extracorporeal circulation is started or to
continue with low tidal volumes. The aim of this study was to investigate
whether patients ventilated with low tidal volumes had a lower percentage of
postoperative pulmonary complications compared to patients who were not
ventilated during cardiopulmonary bypass. Material and Methods. This
retrospective study included patients who underwent coronary artery bypass
graft surgery over a period of 14 months. Patients with lung diseases and
those with an ejection fraction < 30% were excluded from the study. Results.
A total of 499 patients were included in the study. Of these, 398 were
ventilated with low tidal volumes, while 101 patients were not ventilated
during extracorporeal circulation. The groups did not differ in baseline
characteristics, comorbidities, and intraoperative data. Pulmonary
complications were equally prevalent in both groups (ventilated 16%, not
ventilated 17.8%). The most frequent were the need for prolonged mechanical
ventilation (ventilated 5.8%, not ventilated 5.9%), and pleural effusions
(ventilated 4.8%, not ventilated 5.9%). The incidence of pneumonia was
identical in both groups (2%). Other complications were less frequent.
Duration of mechanical ventilation after surgery, stay in the intensive care
unit, and in-hospital mortality did not differ significantly between the
groups. Conclusion. Pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery are still
common. The experience at our clinic showed that the choice of mechanical
ventilation strategy during cardiopulmonary bypass does not affect
postoperative pulmonary complications.
Indicators of cognitive decline in persons with presbycusis
Authors: Matic Ivana , Ostojic-Zeljkovic Sanja , Nikolic Mina , Djokovic Sanja , Lemajic-Komazec Slobodanka , Komazec Zoran
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Presbycusis or age-related hearing loss is a physiological
elevation of hearing threshold and is one of the leading chronic health
problems. A growing number of studies show a correlation between hearing
loss in old age and decline in cognitive function. Material and Methods. The
Serbian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test was used, and the
study included 56 subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of presbycusis of
which 29 (51.8%) were hearing aid users. Results. The score of cognitive
function in the respondents was lower compared to the results of previous
research (mean = 19.07; standard deviation = 5.03). Also, there were
significant differences between the scores of cognitive function in persons
who used amplification and persons who did not. There was no significant
correlation between gender, employment status, and the degree of hearing
impairment, while the correlation was significant between the level of
education, age, the length of hearing aid use, and the number of hours per
day a person used a hearing aid. Regression analysis showed that about 88%
of the variance of the dependent variable could be explained by four
variables: age, level of education, length of hearing aid use, and daily
level of hearing aid use. Conclusion. Persons with presbycusis from the
territory of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina showed poor performance
scores on the cognitive ability test compared to the results of other
researchers. The results showed that the length of hearing aid use and the
daily level of hearing aid use significantly affect the cognitive functions
in persons with presbycusis.
Giant breast hamartoma in a middle-aged woman: A case report
Authors: Zogic Enes , Detanac Dzemail
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Breast hamartomas are benign breast lesions with extremely
rare, but not unseen, malignant transformation. They most often occur in
middle-aged women and are usually up to 5 cm in diameter. Hamartomas of
about 10 cm and larger are designated as giant and they are extremely rare.
Case Report. We present a 47-year-old female patient with a giant hamartoma
of the right breast. After radiological diagnosis and core biopsy, the
patient underwent surgery. Histopathological findings confirmed the
diagnosis of hamartoma, without signs of malignant transformation. The
postoperative course was without complications. Conclusion. Regardless of
the fact that breast hamartoma is a benign lesion with a low potential for
malignant transformation, we believe that surgical excision of these tumors
is justified along with histopathological tissue processing. Recurrence is
rare and the prognosis is good.
Free-floating right heart thrombus with pulmonary embolism - a case report
Authors: Majdevac Slavica , Zdravkovic Ranko , Preveden Andrej , Bjeljac Ilija , Preveden Mihaela , Redzek Aleksandar
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Right heart thrombus is uncommon and it is usually detected by
echocardiography in patients with venous thromboembolism. Thrombi attached
to the atrial or ventricular wall have a good prognosis; however,
free-floating ?snake-like? thrombi are usually associated with massive,
unstable pulmonary embolism and high mortality. Case Report. A 43-year-old
male patient visited a cardiologist complaining about rapid fatigue and
shortness of breath with minimal effort in the last week. An
echocardiographic examination confirmed a right heart thrombus and a
pulmonary embolism. After the examination, the case was presented to the
Heart Team, which made a decision to perform a surgery. After the usual
preoperative preparation for emergency surgery, the patient underwent
surgery under general endotracheal anesthesia via median sternotomy.
Conclusion. The right heart thrombus is associated with risks of possible
embolization to the pulmonary circulation and potential circulatory
collapse. There was a considerable discrepancy between the apparently mild
clinical presentation and the alarming echocardiographic finding of a huge
free-floating thrombus. Despite the lack of standardized and precise
recommendations for the optimal therapeutic strategy, surgical approach
seems to be the best option in emergency cases with large free-floating
thrombi.
New York Presbyterian-Brooklyn Methodist Hospital’s Quality Improvement Project to Targeting High A1C Levels
Authors: Zilberman Stephanie , Vidovic Jovana , Min Tun Nay , Thwe Tun Thwe , Leong Alfred , Conner David
Published: October 2023

New York Presbyterian (NYP)-Brooklyn Methodist Hospital is located in Park Slope, Brooklyn, NY, and serves a population of ~2.58 million people. It is one of the 12 NYP hospitals, and its Internal Medicine resident-run clinic provides primary care to the community. Of the resident-run clinic’s patient population, 13.5% have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
Beau’s Lines and Onychomadesis: A Systematic Review of Characteristics and Aetiology
Authors: Kim Bo Ri , Yu Da-Ae , Lee Soo Ran , Lim Sophie Soyeon , Mun Je-Ho
Published: October 2023

Abstract is missing (Short communication)
Tirania da luz
Authors: Ikeda Vinícius Yasuto , Domingues Victor Hugo
Published: October 2023

Uma característica distintiva das sociedades da modernidade tardia é a extensão significativa a qual estas são dependentes do conhecimento para seu funcionamento. Contrário a como o conhecimento era visto nas sociedades pré-modernas, o conhecimento agora tende a ser entendido como informação, isto é, consistindo em representações objetificadas, mercantilizadas, abstratas e descontextualizadas. A superabundância de informação na modernidade tardia torna a sociedade da informação cheia de tentações. Isso nos leva a pensar que o conhecimento como informação é objetivo e existe independentemente dos seres humanos; que tudo pode ser reduzido à informação; e que a geração de quantidades cada vez maiores de informações aumentará a transparência da sociedade e, portanto, levará ao gerenciamento racional de problemas sociais. No entanto, como discutido neste artigo, a sociedade da informação está repleta de paradoxos que a impedem de satisfazer as tentações que cria. Mais informações podem levar a menos compreensão; mais informações podem enfraquecer a confiança; e mais informações podem tornar a sociedade menos racionalmente governável. Essas reivindicações são ilustradas com exemplos do Reino Unido e dos Estados Unidos.
The Safety of Glucosodiene on an In-Vitro Biopsy Cell Line Model.
Authors: Akl Maher Monir. , Ahmed Amr
Published: October 2023

This manuscript explores the safety and potential efficacy of glucosodiene, an isomeric alkaline glucose compound, as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. The study focuses on conducting safety tests using BJ1 cells (Normal Skin Fibroblasts) and evaluates the cytotoxic effects of glucosodiene on these cells. The results indicate that glucosodiene, at a concentration of 100 ppm, does not exhibit toxicity or impair normal cellular functions. These findings suggest that the compound may selectively target tumor cells without affecting healthy cells. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action and confirm its efficacy.
Pengaruh Model Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw Terhadap Keaktifan Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Interaksi Makhluk Hidup Dengan Lingkungannya
Authors: Friskandani Anti , Septiana Nurul , Nirmalasari Ridha
Published: October 2023

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana keaktifan setelah menggunakan model kooperatif tipe jigsaw, untuk mengetahui bagaimana hasil belajar setelah menggunakan model kooperatif tipe jigsaw dan untuk mendeskripsikan keterlaksanaan pembelajaran selama menggunakan model kooperatif tipe jigsaw pada materi interaksi makhluk hidup dengan lingkungannya kelas VII di MTs Islamiyah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif  dengan jenis penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu nonequivalent control group desain. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar keaktifan dan soal tes hasil belajar kongnitif berbentuk pilihan ganda 20 soal. Populasi penelitian adalah kelas VII MTs Islamiyah Palangka Raya dan sampel yang digunakan VII A sebagai kelas kontrol dan VII B sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan jumlah siswa perkelas yaitu 28 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa; (1) Terdapat pengaruh model kooperatif tipe jigsaw terhadap keaktifan peserta didik hal ini menunjukan keaktifan yang tergolong tinggi dengan rata-rata nilai persentase keaktifan kelas eksperimen 75% dan kelas kontrol 37%; (2) Terdapat pengaruh model kooperatif tipe jigsaw terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik tergolong tinggi dengan rata-rata nilai pretes 35,18 dan postes 81,07 pada kelas eksperimen (3) Keterlaksanaan model kooperatif tipe jigsaw menunjukan bahwa pembelajaran sudah berjalan sesuai dengan tahapan pembelajaran model kooperatif tipe jigsaw dan terbukti bahwa model kooperatif tipe jigsaw berpengaruh terhadap keaktifan dan hasil belajar dan keaktifan siswa dilihat dari lembar keterterapan.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Berbasis STEM Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Peserta Didik
Authors: Khoiriyah Annisa , Trisnowati Eli
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat validitas, efektivitas, serta praktikalitas dari LKPD berbasis STEM untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif peserta didik pada materi getaran, gelombang, dan bunyi. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian pengembangan (research and development) dengan model ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). Data dari proses pengembangan diperoleh dari angket validasi ahli, hasil belajar pretest-posttest peserta didik, serta angket respon peserta didik. Adapun hasil dari validitas terhadap LKPD mendapat kategori sangat valid dan layak untuk digunakan dengan perolehan nilai koefisien validitas sebesar 0,83. Efektivitas dari LKPD dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif peserta didik memperoleh peningkatan N-Gain sebesar 0,77 dengan kategori peningkatan tinggi. Sedangkan dari hasil analisis angket respon peserta didik terhadap LKPD memiliki kriteria sangat praktis dengan presentase 87,10%. Hasil analisis data yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan LKPD berbasis STEM efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif peserta didik pada materi getaran, gelombang, dan bunyi.
Pengembangan Aplikasi Game Sistem Tata Surya Untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar Menggunakan Metode MDLC
Authors: Zahra Salma Ayunda , Majid Nuur Wachid Abdul
Published: October 2023

Aplikasi Sistem Tata Surya atau SITAYA merupakan aplikasi game edukasi yang terdapat pembelajaran mengenai sistem tata surya lengkap dengan planet yang ada di luar angkasa dengan terdapat video pembelajaran, quiz interaksi bagi siswa untuk melatih daya ingat dan pengetahuannya dan juga game petualangan yang dapat digunakan oleh siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengembangan aplikasi game edukasi SITAYA menggunakan metode Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) yaitu metode pengembangan aplikasi multimedia dengan menggabungkan unsur video, suara, animasi dan lainnya. Penggunaan metode ini sangat cocok dalam pembuatan aplikasi yang ditujukan untuk anak-anak karena sejatinya anak-anak sangat senang dengan visual terutama video dan juga animasi. Sehingga adanya aplikasi ini diharapkan walaupun anak-anak senang bermain game tapi ada pula pembelajaran yang dapat mereka pelajari, dan dengan melalui game pula, pembelajaran yang terkadang monoton dan juga susah untuk dipelajari menjadi suatu hal yang menyenangkan. Selain itu dapat membantu para guru dalam mengenalkan pengetahuan baru dengan cara yang dapat dikenalkan langsung kepada siswa
Monetary Policy and Investment in ASEAN-5 Countries
Authors: Anwar Cep Jandi , Khairiyah Devi , Suhendra Indra , Zahara Vadilla Mutia
Published: October 2023

Central bank policy interest rate has a role in economic activity such as investment in 5 ASEAN countries. The occurrence of the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC) in 1997-1998 changed the number of investments in the ASEAN-5 countries that were previously the destination of investors from developed countries. The declining level of economic and industrial stability in ASEAN-5 countries has reduced investor interest in investment. However, after AFC, from 2000 to 2019, 5 Southeast Asian countries (Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand) experienced an increase in investment. This study aims to analyze the effect of Central bank policy interest and macroeconomic variables such as GDP, Exchange Rate, Inflation, and Labor rate on investment in 5 ASEAN countries. The analytical method used in this study is Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) with Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation. The results showed that the Central bank policy interest rate, Inflation, and Labor have a positive and significant effect on investment in the long term. Meanwhile, in the short-term, GDP has a positive and insignificant effect on investment.
IMPLEMENTATION OF POLYA'S HEURISTIC STRATEGY ON MATHEMATICAL LITERACY ABILITY
Authors: Al-Ihsan M. Iqbal , Wulandari Titis , Prasetyo Oktavian Dwi , Yuliana Chindi
Published: October 2023

Mathematics is one of the fields of study taught in elementary schools, which some people consider difficult to understand as the basic object of education. So it is necessary to implement efficient and interesting learning for students. This study aims to determine the application of the polya heuristic strategy to students' mathematical literacy problem solving abilities. This study used a quantitative approach with a population of 80 students as primary school students, the sampling technique was cluster random sampling of 50 students, with a two group pretest-posttest design in the form of a control class by providing conventional and experimental method classes by applying heuristic strategies and analyzed using statistical tests. Based on the results of the normality test the data is not normally distributed (Þ = <0.001) therefore, the next step is to do the Wilcoxon test. Based on the test results, the results obtained a significant difference between the results of the pretest and posttest. The average pretest result for the control class was 49.6 and the experimental class was 47. Then after being given treatment, the average posttest score for the control class was 54.8 (conventional method) while the experimental class was 67.6 (polya heuristic strategy). Judging from the posttest scores, both classes showed an increase in learning outcomes, but a large increase was seen in the experimental class that applied the polya heuristic strategy. The polya heuristic strategy has an effect on increasing students' mathematical literacy, therefore this strategy can be implemented in learning mathematics at various levels of education.
GEOMA (GEOMETRI MATEMATIKA) APPLICATION AS GEOGEBRA-BASED LEARNING MEDIA TO TRAIN SPATIAL ABILITY
Authors: Mutiah Siti , Anwar Mutaqin , Yani Setiani
Published: October 2023

The problem on this research is the low spatial sense ability in geometry material. Students have difficulty transforming literacy into geometric shapes. Thus, it required learning media to support the students in learning the geometry material. This research aims to develop GeoGebra-based mathematics learning media to practice spatial sense ability in geometrical materials for senior high school level practically, effectiveness, and feasibility. This research and development used the ADDIE development model. It covered analyzing needs, designing, developing, implementing the product, and evaluating at each stage. The final result of the development of this learning media is the GEOMA application that has a level of practicality, effectiveness, and feasibility with the category "good" to be used as a medium of learning high school geometry.Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah rendahnya kemampuan spatial sense  pada materi geometri. Siswa kesulitan mentransformasi dari bentuk literasi ke bentuk geometrinya, sehingga dibutuhkan sebuah media pembelajaran yang dapat memudahkan siswa mempelajari materi geometri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan media pembelajaran matematika berbasis GeoGebra untuk melatih kemampuan spatial sense pada materi geometri SMA yang layak, praktis, dan efektifitas. Penelitian dan pengembangan ini menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu menganalisis kebutuhan produk, merancang, mengembangkan, uji coba penggunaan produk, dan evaluasi di setiap tahapannya. Hasil akhir dari pengembangan media pembelajaran ini adalah aplikasi GEOMA yang memiliki tingkat kepraktisan, efektif, dan kelayakan dengan kategori "baik" untuk digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran geometri SMA.
Routing Innate and Adaptive Immune response against M. tuberculosis and boosting Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette Güerin (BCG) vaccine immunity through prime boost protocols
Authors: Guerrero Gloria G. , Hernández-Pando Rogelio
Published: October 2023

Tuberculosis (Tb) is still a global health problem, especially in developing countries. Several factors contribute to this, among them the increasing multidrug resistance strains, the dangerous liaisons with other intracellular pathogens, such as HIV, and more recently, SARS-CoV2 pandemics. There are many aspects that remain to understand the bacterial molecular mechanism of pathogenicity and the immune response induced by the interaction of M. tuberculosis (MTb) with the host. The official and current vaccine based on the attenuated Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) is protective against several forms of Tb meningitis and Miliary TB or disseminated disease in young children. However, it fails to protect young and adult individuals. There are several new promising candidates for vaccines to replace or boost BCG-induced immunity. Several evidences exist from humans and mice on the role of the trained innate memory of monocytes and NK cells, on the second encounter with the same mycobacterial pathogen or other respiratory pathogens. This type of immune response is nonspecific and independent of the T and B cells. Thus, BCG vaccination is a double immunogen that activate specific immune responses and is also able to stimulate nonspecific immune responses. Here, it is outlined the host immunity against MTb, the potential of BCG vaccination and prime boost protocols for routing innate and adaptive immune responses in TB.
Estudio de la condición física en niños y jóvenes con discapacidad
Authors: Palacio Daniela
Published: October 2023

La investigación que se presenta  ofrece la posibilidad de saber qué hacer en cada momento de la práctica de actividades físicas dirigidas a niña/os con Necesidades Educativas Especiales (NEE). Se diseña un algoritmo de trabajo a partir de la determinación del objetivo general relacionado con el diagnóstico del estado de los indicadores de la condición física en los escolares tomados como muestra. Se trabaja con una población de tres escolares con discapacidad físico motora, pertenecientes a la escuela primaria José Martí del municipio Caibarién. Desde el punto de vista metodológico se utilizan métodos de carácter teórico y empírico, dentro de estos últimos el estudio de casos como metodología general para presentar los resultados de métodos como: el análisis documental, la entrevista y la medición. A modo de resultado se obtiene la medición de indicadores antropométricos, de eficiencia física: rapidez, flexibilidad y fuerza de piernas, así como, lateralidad, equilibrio y orientación espacial, estos se describen y analizan para enriquecer el diagnóstico pedagógico integral de los escolares y facilitar su inclusión en la clase de Educación Física, se  logra  la precisión de dichos  indicadores que  dan respuesta a las situaciones concretas de cada caso, en aras de prestar especial atención al trabajo con la  diversidad, demostrando que los escolares con (NEE) tomados como muestra en la investigación pueden incluirse en las clases de Educación física del grado,  a partir  del respeto por las diferencias.