bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving linkages between earthquake engineering research and practice
Authors: Mander John
Published: January 2020

Researchers, funding agencies, practicing professionals, end users and owners are often frustrated with the protracted process from research to practice. From the inception of new ideas, concept development, basic and applied research, product development, codification to final mainstream practice, considerable time is needed for success. For earthquake engineering, this is especially true due to the broad nature of the discipline. To help understand this process from research to practice, three simple behavioural mod- els are given: series, parallel and open market. These models are explained by critical review of seven case studies. For a successful transition from research to practice it is shown that a collaborative engagement between academia, the design professions and industry is necessary. It is concluded that for new ideas to be mainstreamed into general practice, enhanced undergraduate programmes are needed along with design professionals that can also teach and conduct basic research across the many facets of earthquake engineering.
Seismic performance of external reinforced concrete beam-column joints
Authors: Megget Les , Fenwick Richard
Published: January 2020

Four external beam-column sub-assemblies were tested to investigate the influence of different details on the performance of the Joint zone. All the details conformed to the current New Zealand structural concrete standard (NZS3101-1995). It is shown that anchoring beam reinforcement in external beam- column joints short of the outer column bars results in a reduction in the flexural strength of the column. In tests premature yielding of the longitudinal bars on the inside of the column occurred when bars were anchored at a distance of 1⁄4 of the column depth from the outside face of the column, as permitted by the structural concrete Standard. This yielding had an adverse effect on the performance of the joint zone. A way of detailing external joint zones to compensate for this loss in strength is described. Elongation of plastic hinges in the beams of ductile frames induces unidirectional plastic hinges in the external columns at the first floor level. While this has a strong influence on the distribution of moments and shears in the columns tests indicated that it does not adversely affect the structural performance of the joint zone. The use of continuous bars bent in the form of a U provides a simple detail that worked very effectively. There was little difference in joint behaviour between beams with main bars uniformly distributed over the beam depth to conventionally reinforced beams with their main bars positioned near the top and bottom edges.
Understanding the complexities of designing diaphragms in buildings for earthquakes
Authors: Bull D.K.
Published: January 2020

The variety of layouts of lateral force resisting elements in structures, subjected to inelastic behaviour, make the design of diaphragms significantly more complex than the traditional "simple beam" approach typically employed.

Traditionally held views that diaphragms are inherently robustness and hence do not require significant engineering input have been shown to be inappropriate by recent major earthquakes and recent laboratory studies.

The simple beam method, at times, fails to recognise that the traditional load paths assumed are compromised by localised damage in the floors (diaphragms) due to incompatibility of deformation between the floors and the supporting structures (walls, beam and columns). "Strut and tie" methods are suggested as a means of tying these diaphragms into the lateral force resisting structures and as a way of dealing irregular floor plates and penetrations (stairs, lifts, atriums) through the floors.

The focus of recent research in determining the seismic lateral forces into and through floor diaphragms has been on the magnitude of the floor inertias. However, it has been shown that primary structural elements interacting through the diaphragm, can cause stresses in the floors many more times than those of the inertia effects. These two sources of forces and stresses are interrelated. This relationship requires further study.

Survivability of a building rests, in part, on the diaphragms tying the structure together. Suggestions for maintaining the integrity of the diaphragms, particularly in precast concrete types, are discussed.
Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete shear wall structures
Authors: Kelly Trevor
Published: January 2020

Although shear walls are a widely used system for providing lateral load resistance, nonlinear analysis procedures for this type of element are much less well developed than those for frame and truss elements. Equivalent flexural models do not include shear deformation and are only suited for symmetric, straight walls. This paper describes the development of an analysis model which includes nonlinear effects for both shear and flexure. The formulation is based on a "macro" modelling approach which is suitable for complete building models in a design office environment.

An analysis methodology is developed using engineering mechanics and experimental results and implemented in an existing nonlinear analysis computer program. A model is developed and validated against test results of solid walls and walls with openings. This shows that the model can capture the general characteristics of hysteretic response and the maximum strength of the wall. Results can be evaluated using acceptance criteria derived from published guidelines. An example shear wall building is then evaluated using both the nonlinear static and the nonlinear dynamic procedures. The procedure is shown to be a practical method for implementing performance based design procedures for shear wall buildings.
Assessment of building response to liquefaction-induced differential ground deformation
Authors: Bird Juliet F. , Crowley Helen , Pinho Rui , Bommer Julian J.
Published: January 2020

The occurrence of liquefaction during earthquakes can cause significant damage to buildings and infrastructure. The damaging effect of liquefaction is a permanent deformation of the ground, which will either be vertical in level ground, or horizontal (with a vertical component) in sloping ground or in the vicinity of a free face. Buildings in zones of liquefaction are particularly vulnerable to differential ground movements, resulting from the heterogeneity of stratigraphy and soil properties.

Many published methodologies are now available for assessing the likelihood and extent of liquefaction occurrence. However, it is equally important to understand how the occurrence of liquefaction will affect the built environment. This paper presents analytical solutions for the assessment of expected structural damage to existing reinforced concrete frame buildings resulting from liquefaction-induced differential ground movements. The methodology is primarily intended for application to assessments of expected earthquake damage and losses to existing buildings, and therefore satisfies the requirements of such studies for a simple, rational approach using easily attainable structural parameters to represent the building stock.
Financial risk assessment methodology for natural hazards
Authors: Dhakal Rajesh P. , Mander John B.
Published: January 2020

Engineered facilities are deemed safe if they have little or no probability of incurring damage when subjected to regular actions or natural hazards. Any probability of the performance of any designed system (i.e. capacity) not being able to meet the performance required of it (i.e. demand) results in risk, which might be expressed either as a likelihood of damage or potential financial loss. Engineers are used to dealing with the former (i.e. damage), which gives a fair indication of repair/strengthening work needed to bring the system back to full functionality. Nevertheless, other non-technical stakeholders (such as owners, insurers, decision-makers) of the designed facilities cannot read too much from damage. Hence, risk, if interpreted in terms of damage only, will not be comprehended by all stakeholders. On the other hand, financial risk expressed in terms of probable dollar loss in easily understood by all. Therefore, there is an impetus on developing methodologies which correlate the system capacity and demand to financial risk. This paper builds on the existing probabilistic risk assessment methodology and extends it to estimate expected annual financial loss. The general methodology formulated in this paper is applicable to any engineered facilities and any natural hazard. To clarify the process, the proposed methodology is applied to assess overall financial risk of a highway bridge pier due to seismic hazard.
Preliminary reconnaissance report for the Kashmir earthquake of 8 October 2005
Authors: Dellow G.D. , Ali Q. , Ali S.M. , Hussain S. , Khazai B. , Nisar A.
Published: January 2020

A magnitude (Mw) 7.6 earthquake occurred at 8.55 am (local time) on 8 October 2005 causing extensive damage to buildings, bridges and roads and killing in excess of 87,000 people in the Kashmir region of northern Pakistan. Damage and deaths were also reported from Indian Administered Kashmir and eastern Afghanistan. The most severely affected region was in the epicentral area around Muzaffarabad in Pakistan Administered Kashmir. Reverse or thrust fault rupture on or near the Main Boundary Thrust of the Himalayas has been reported or observed from Chennari in the Jhelum River valley upstream of Muzaffarabad through to Muzaffarabad and over into the Kaghan valley as far north as Balakot, a distance of approximately 60 km. A notable feature of the effects of this earthquake was the asymmetric distribution of landslides across the fault rupture zone. On the downthrown or footwall side (to the southwest) landslide damage was relatively minor – the road from Manshera to Muzaffarabad was open to traffic within 8 hours of the earthquake and required the clearance of only one landslide. On the up-thrown or hanging wall side of the fault rupture zone (to the northeast) the road from Balakot to Kagan required the clearance of 253 landslides and took 24 days. These observations are consistent with the findings of recent strong motion studies.
Effectiveness of earthquake selection and scaling method in New Zealand
Authors: Dhakal Rajesh P. , Singh Sandip , Mander John B.
Published: January 2020

In New Zealand, time history analysis is either the required or preferred method of assessing seismic demands for torsionally sensitive and other important structures, but the criteria adopted for the selection of ground motion records and their scaling to generate the seismic demand remains a contentious and debatable issue. In this paper, the scaling method based on the least squares fit of response spectra between 0.4-1.3 times the structure’s first mode period as stipulated in the New Zealand Standard for Structural Design Actions: Earthquake Actions (NZS1170.5) [1] is compared with the scaling methods in which ground motion records are scaled to match the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral acceleration response at the natural period of the structure corresponding to the first mode with 5% of critical damping; i.e. Sa(T1, 5%). Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is used to measure the record-to-record randomness of structural response, which is also a measure of the efficiency of the intensity measure (IM) used. Comparison of the dispersions of IDA curves with the three different IMs; namely PGA, Sa(T1, 5%) and NZS1170.5 based IM, shows that the NZS1170.5 scaling method is the most effective for a large suite of ground motions. Nevertheless, the use of only three randomly chosen ground motions as presently permitted by NZS1170.5 is found to give significantly low confidence in the predicted seismic demand. It is thus demonstrated that more records should be used to provide a robust estimate of likely seismic demands.
Geotechnical aspects of the 2007 Niigataken Chuetsu-Oki, Japan earthquake
Authors: Orense Rolando P. , Hyodo Masayuki , Kanda Hiroaki , Ohashi Junya
Published: January 2020

On 16 July 2007, an earthquake of magnitude 6.8 occurred with an epicentre off the west coast of Niigata Prefecture (Japan), causing widespread damage to buildings and other types of civil engineering structures due to ground shaking and earthquake-induced ground failures. Landsliding and soil liquefaction occurred extensively in various parts of the affected region. This paper presents the preliminary results of the post-earthquake damage investigation conducted at the affected areas after the earthquake, with emphasis on the seismic-induced ground failures and their effects on the built environment.
The Modified Mercalli intensity scale
Authors: Dowrick David J. , Hancox Graham T. , Perrin Nick D. , Dellow Grant D.
Published: January 2020

Recent studies of the effects and Modified Mercalli (MM) intensities of New Zealand earthquakes have established criteria that will improve the reliability of intensities assigned using a number of effects, particularly the incidence of chimney damage and a wide range of environmental phenomena. The proportions of brittle chimneys which were damaged at intensities MM5–MM10 have been counted from the very detailed database of the 1968 Mw 7.2 Inangahua earthquake, and are shown to relate well to the proportions of chimneys which fell in 10 other earthquakes. Criteria based on environmental effects at intensities MM5-MM10 have been extended based on detailed studies of 22 earthquakes. These criteria have been adopted in an international intensity scale for environmental effects.

It was also found that the stopping of clocks should be a criterion for MM3, not MM5, and similarly the disturbance of liquids should be used at the threshold intensity of MM3 rather than MM4, as in the present MM intensity scale.

With the probable saturation of intensity at MM10, the criteria for MM12 have been omitted.
General observations of building behaviour during the 8th October 2005 Pakistan earthquake
Authors: Bothara Jitendra K. , Hiçyılmaz Kubilây M O
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the authors’ observations on the performance of buildings during the 8th October 2005, Kashmir earthquake in parts of Pakistan-administered Kashmir, and the North Western Frontier Province of Pakistan. A majority of the buildings in the earthquake region were non-engineered, owner-built, loadbearing masonry or reinforced concrete framed structures. Most of the masonry buildings were built with random or semi-dressed stone-walls without any reinforcement. The reinforced concrete frame buildings were deficient in strength, lacked ductile detailing and were poorly constructed. A large number of such buildings collapsed, leading to widespread destruction and loss of life. The building damage was the main cause behind the human and property loss. The collapse of floor and roof structures, the brittle behaviour of concrete buildings, a lack of integrity in masonry structures, and a lack of incorporation of seismically resistant features in building structures are found to be main reasons for the catastrophe.
The seismic isolation of Wanganui Hospital with RoGliders
Authors: Robinson W.H. , Gannon C.R.
Published: January 2020

Two new buildings at Wanganui Hospital, a peri-operative facility and an acute services block, have just been completed in June 2008 using RoGliders to provide seismic isolation in this earthquake prone region. This is the first application of the RoGlider, an isolator suitable for light structures providing in one compact unit the functions of support, damping and the required restoring force, while providing for a maximum displacement of ± 400 mm. The RoGlider provides for economical seismic protection under conditions not suitable for lead rubber bearings i.e. a combination of light vertical loads and large horizontal displacements.
Metadiscourse in Research Article Genre: A Cross-Linguistic Study of English and Hausa
Authors: Uba Sani Yantandu
Published: January 2020

The aim of conducting this study came from a need to explore contrastive study in using metadiscourse features between English and Hausa in research article genre. This study investigated what metadiscourse features are frequently used across two languages in research article genre. A sub-corpus of ten research articles was compiled from each language. The study adopted Hyland’s (2005) typology of metadiscourse features. The results of the study show that there are certain commonalities and differences in using the features across the languages. In terms of similarity, both groups of writers typically used all categories of metadiscourse features. They are almost having a similar frequency of boosters and attitude markers. On the other hand, writers from Hausa research article typically had a high frequency of self-mention, whereas writers from English had a low frequency of the feature. One remarkable feature in Hausa sub-corpus is the use of proverbs and idioms. This study recommends raising awareness of students in relation to linguistic and social conventions of their disciplines.
Responses of Uric Acid, Glucose, Thyroid Hormones and Liver Enzymes to Aerobic and Combined Exercises in University Students
Authors: Akbulut Taner
Published: January 2020

Physiological effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercises are frequently investigated. However, it is considered that combined exercises may be more effective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic and combined exercise program on some biochemical parameters. The study group consisted of 45 male volunteers with sedentary life. The participants were divided into three groups as control (n: 15), aerobic exercise (n: 15) and combined exercise (n: 15). The control group did not perform any exercise. Aerobic and combined exercise groups participated in the exercise program 4 days a week for 10 weeks. Blood samples were taken from the participants twice. TSH, T3, T4, AST, ALT, Uric acid and glucose levels were determined in blood samples. SPSS software was used for the analysis of the data and the significance level was accepted as p <0.05. As a result of analysis; no difference was observed in the control group (p> 0.05). In the aerobic exercise group, T3, AST, Uric acid levels of post test were found to be different according to baseline, while in the combined exercise group, there were significant differences in T3, AST, Uric acid and glucose levels between pre and post test values (p <0.05). As a result, it was determined that both aerobic and combined exercises had effects on biochemical parameters (thyroid hormones, liver enzymes, Uric acid and glucose). According to this study it can be said that combined exercises may be more effective than aerobic exercises.
Addressing the Need for a Proper Legal Environment to Support Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Fallatah Hussam I.
Published: January 2020

Many studies have discussed the impact of entrepreneurial environment on the economies of developed countries. In this context, the legal environment, has been given attention. However, in developing countries, research in this area is insufficient. Furthermore, the few researchers who have discussed the legal environment in the context of the entrepreneurial environment have focused on how the legal environment affects business in general, but not entrepreneurship (Bruyat & Julien, 2001).

This paper will explore the need for a proper legal environment to support entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia. It will examine the suitability of the current legal environment for developing entrepreneurship, and it will identify weaknesses and gaps. For this research, quantitative methods were used to collect the opinions of practitioners working in the field. Finally, based on the findings, a proposed suggestion that fits the requirements of a proper legal environment for entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia will be suggested.
Una traza original de Simón de Colonia (ca. 1483) procedente de la Cartuja de Miraflores (Observaciones sobre el diseño arquitectónico en la Castilla del Cuatrocientos)
Authors: Menéndez González Nicolás
Published: January 2020

En el presente opúsculo se analiza una traza original de Simón de Colonia procedente del archivo antiguo de la Cartuja de Mirafl ores (Burgos). Se trata de los vestigios de un estudio o anteproyecto en el que fueron desarrolladas diversas propuestas para el diseño del claristorio y del plan de bóvedas de la iglesia de la cartuja burgalesa. Esta nueva redacción de las trazas de la iglesia funeraria de Juan II de Castilla se enmarcó en la serie de obras promovidas por su hija, Isabel la Católica, en el monasterio. La traza nos tiende una mirada privilegiada a un estadio conceptual en el que Simón de Colonia aún estaba desarrollando y explorando diversas soluciones formales para el rediseño de la iglesia. El ejemplar nos aporta una substanciosa información sobre los procedimientos geométricos de proporción y estrategias creativas de Simón en un momento clave de su fulgurante carrera.
Simó, Mirizio y Trueba (eds.), Los trobadores
Authors: Mérida Jiménez Rafael Manuel
Published: January 2020

Meritxell Simó, Annalisa Mirizio y Virginia Trueba (eds.), Los trovadores. Recepción,creación y crítica en la Edad Media y la Edad Contemporánea, Kassel: Reichenberger(Problemata Literaria, 85), 2018
Publi Ovidi Nasó, Heroides, traducció catalana medieval de Guillem Nicolau; introducció, edició crítica i comentada de Jose Pujol
Authors: Sebastian Torres Raimon
Published: January 2020

Publi Ovidi Nasó, Heroides, traducció catalana medieval de Guillem Nicolau; introducció, edició crítica i comentada de Josep Pujol. Barcelona: Barcino, «Els Nostres Clàssics», Autors Medievals, vol. 37, 2018.
La historia del Grial. Magia y misterio del mito artúrico
Authors: Contreras Martín Antonio
Published: January 2020

Joseph Campbell, La historia del Grial. Magia y misterio del mito artúrico, edición Evans Lansing Smith y traducción de Francisco López Martín, Vilaür [Girona], Atalanta (col. «Imaginatio Vera», nº 129), 2019
La Demanda del Santo Grial
Authors: Soriano Robles Lourdes
Published: January 2020

La Demanda del Santo Grial, introducción y edición de José Ramón Trujillo, Alcalá de Henares: Universidad de Alcalá. Servicio de Publicaciones (Los Libros de Rocinante, 33), 2017
Logistic Supply in Material Resources with the Use of Parachute Technique
Authors: Edyko Tomasz
Published: January 2020

This article presents the issue of using the parachute technique in the field of material supply
logistics, taking into account conditions of both in peace time and armed conflict. Methods
and techniques of using parachutes to transport materials were presented as a tool enabling
quick and efficient delivery of supplies. Equipment used for parachute drop/delivery
of materials and equipment is described. The formulated conclusions set out the methods and
techniques applied to supply drops, limitations were indicated and the effectiveness of the
presented methods, in the range of transport methods used in logistics, has been demonstrated.
Legitimacy of usage and development of these methods by the armed forces were also
proven.
Territorial Defence Forces in Non-Military Emergencies
Authors: Horyń Wojciech
Published: January 2020

The article focuses on crucial questions concerning the Territorial Defence Forces. It demonstrates
reasons for creating them as a branch of the armed forces. Alongside some aspects of
this formation’s history, key solutions implemented by other nations are shown. The major
part of the article is a specification of potential tasks of the Territorial Defence Forces in
non-military emergencies — crisis situations. Key tasks are presented with an emphasis on
the uniqueness of each single crisis.
Territorial Defence Forces – Determinants and Challenges
Authors: Ścibiorek Zbigniew
Published: January 2020

The article highlights the fact since 2017 the Territorial Defence Forces (TDF) have been
a new branch of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland. It demonstrates that this formation
has to be ready to achieve its tasks both during a military conflict (war) and in coping
with non-military contingencies. The ‘Territorials’ are soldiers prepared to perform varied
tasks utilizing their knowledge of the local terrain, with aid of the local authorities and
communities. In giving the TDF their final form, a number of analyses as well as scientifically-
based forecasting must be made. Conclusive decisions can only be taken bearing in mind
that conditions and potential working environments will be undergoing constant changes.
Boredom, Bovver, Subjectivity: Pathostream as Genre
Authors: Wojtyna Miłosz
Published: January 2020

With the rise of live broadcasts, the generic complexity of Internet communication has reached a new crescendo. „Pathostreams”, or pathological streaming channels, are Polish-language, culture- and medium-specifc Youtube profi les run by individuals who broadcast radically violent, odd, transgressive content to a relatively small audience in order to solicit fi nancial support. The article describes the generic features of this new emergent form, discusses its aesthetics, and demonstrates that the emergence of the „pathostream” as a new transmedial, performative genre is an attempt to develop a specifi c cultural subjectivity.
POLICE ACTIVITY ON THE EXAMPLE OF MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES AND SOCIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Kubas Ewa
Published: January 2020

The forms of activity used by police officers are to serve society, which consists of protecting people's safety and maintaining public safety and order. Performing material and technical activities as well as conducting social and organizing activities, which enable effective implementation of tasks and greater freedom of action of Police officers, is becoming more and more important. The purpose of the article is above all to show the importance of material and technical activities as well as social and organizing activities in the work of Police officers. The article also presents examples of this type of activities that aim to demonstrate the application of these legal forms of action in practice.
REGULACJE PRAWNE WARUNKUJĄCE BEZPIECZEŃSTWO EKOLKOGICZNE W POLSCE NA PRZYKŁADZIE OGRANICZENIA ZJAWISKA SMOGU MIEJSKIEGO
Authors: Czuba Michał
Published: January 2020

Problem smogu miejskiego jest jednym z ważniejszych elementów polityki ekologicznej Polski. Jego ranga wynika z dużego zanieczyszczenia miast polskich i trudności ze spełniania przez Polskę norm w zakresie czystości powietrza. Kwestia czystości powietrza w miastach staje się coraz ważniejszą dla ich mieszkańców. Wynika to z większej świadomości społecznej w tym zakresie, a także inicjowania spraw sądowych przez znanych aktorów o odszkodowania od RP za zły stan powietrza będący wynikiem niewywiązania się państwa z obowiązków w tym zakresie. Głównym celem poznawczym niniejszego artykułu jest określenie zakresu przepisów prawnych, regulujących kwestie ograniczenia smogu miejskiego w Polsce. Celem praktycznym niniejszego opracowania jest próba oceny skuteczności przyjętych rozwiązań prawnych oraz zaproponowanie rozwiązań legislacyjnych, mających na celu ograniczenie zjawiska smogu miejskiego w Polsce.
EWOLUCJA PRAWNEJ OCHRONY ELEMENTÓW PRZYRODNICZYCH ŚRODOWISKA
Authors: Stelmasiak Jerzy
Published: January 2020

Przedmiotem rozważań jest ewolucja prawnej ochrony elementów przyrodniczych środowiska w polskim systemie prawnym. Wejście w życie Konstytucji RP, która unormowała problematykę dotyczącą obowiązku ochrony środowiska i prawo korzystania z jego wartości spowodowało konieczność opracowania systemowej ustawy, która byłaby także zgodna w tym zakresie z prawem Unii Europejskiej. Prawna ochrona zasobów przyrodniczych środowiska musi uwzględniać wymagania w tym zakresie nałożone przez prawo Unii Europejskiej np. w formie rozporządzeń lub dyrektyw, które po wejściu w życie są przecież częścią krajowego porządku prawnego.
ZDARZENIA DROGOWE ZE ZWIERZĘTAMI DZIKO ŻYJĄCYMI ŁOWNYMI
I PRAWNIE CHRONIONYMI ORAZ GOSPODARSKIMI
Authors: Stec Roman
Published: January 2020

Artykuł pt. Zdarzenia drogowe ze zwierzętami dziko żyjącymi łownymi i prawnie chronionymi oraz gospodarskimi prezentuje uwarunkowania prawne i faktyczne dotyczące zdarzeń drogowych z tymi zwierzętami. Na drogach w Polsce co roku giną dziesiątki tysięcy zwierząt. Zarówno tych małych jak i tych większych. Ile dokładnie – trudno policzyć. Podróżując samochodem, często jadąc przez biotop leśny i pola, należy zwracać uwagę na zwierzęta. Pod kołami giną małe zwierzęta (żaby, jeże czy wiewiórki ), a o szyby rozbijają się owady i ptaki. Niestety dochodzi również do tragicznych w skutkach zdarzeń drogowych np. z łosiem, jeleniem, żubrem, sarną, dzikiem, wilkiem, rysiem czy czasami niedźwiedziem. Najwięcej dzikich zwierząt ginie na drogach wiosną i jesienią – jest to bowiem czas rozmnażania oraz okres godowy wielu gatunków. Tworzenie areałów osobniczych, walka o samice czy szukanie odpowiednich miejsc do rozrodu – często zmusza zwierzęta do migracji na znaczne odległości. Rocznie z powodu zdarzeń drogowych pojazdów ze zwierzętami, na drogach ginie ponad 10 osób a kilkaset zostaje rannych. W artykule przedstawiono analizę zdarzeń drogowych z udziałem dzikich zwierząt, analizę obowiązującego stanu prawnego w tym zakresie oraz zasady odpowiedzialności odszkodowawczej z powodu tych zdarzeń. W badaniach wykorzystano metodę dogmatycznoprawną polegającą na analizie przepisów prawnych i stanowisk judykatury, opisową przy pomocy której przedstawiono przykłady zaistniałych zdarzeń drogowych. Artykuł przedstawia również sposoby postępowania przy dokumentowaniu zaistniałych zdarzeń na potrzeby postępowań odszkodowawczych z tytułu OC, AC i NW.
TERRORISM AND HUMAN DISPLACEMENT: AN IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF ADAMAWA STATE INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS HOSTED IN DURUMI IDP CAMP, ABUJA
Authors: Osewa Oladimeji S. , Muhammed Ngozi T.
Published: January 2020

Terrorism has been in existence from time immemorial and has become a global phenomenon that needed the concerted effort of all countries for the menace to be eradicated. Terrorism has also been evident in the African continent, especially in Nigeria where the act of terrorism is at its climax and has led to the heavy displacement of citizens in Nigeria. Despite the terrorism prevention act promulgated by the parliament in 2011, and amended in 2013, the acts of terrorism still persist in Nigeria. It is against this backdrop that this study examined the impact of terrorism on the indigenes of Adamawa State, also examined the causes of terrorism, and the strategies that have been helpful in combating terrorism and the endemic human displacement ravaging Adamawa State. This study adopted the hybrid methods, that is, the combination of both primary and the secondary source of data collection as interviews and focus group discussion (FGD) are adopted as a tool for data collection, while other data are retrieved from readymade works of scholars. This study after the field survey, realized that the terrorism in Adamawa State has had a great negative impact on the citizens of Adamawa State, many indigenes have been killed and thousands displaced. The study finds out that the causes of terrorism in Adamawa State are illiteracy and poverty, and that the strategies that have been helpful in containing the crisis are counter-terrorism and the establishment of IDP camps across the country where IDPs from Adamawa State are catered for. This study, therefore, recommends that the government of Nigeria should endeavor to give the basic needs of lives especially education and massive employment and strategize a way of economically reviving the victims of terror attacks and those displaced in Adamawa State. This study also recommends that the military should be strengthened by sending them abroad regularly for specialist training, in order for them to be able to effectively tackle terrorism and tackle the menace of the proliferation of small arms and light weapons in Nigeria.
TERRORISM IN NIGERIA: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCE AND PANACEA
Authors: Osewa Oladimeji S.
Published: January 2020

‘’Terrorism that is seen as an organized violent attack on a target with the aim of undermining a lawfully constituted authority and to cause fear among the populace in furthering of some social-political objectives’’. It’s an act that has been bedeviling Nigerian state since 2003, and the adverse effect of these act on Nigeria has been a heavy humanitarian crisis on one hand, and challenges of insecurity on the other hand. Despite the enactment of the terrorism provision Act 2011, which was enacted to prosecute, punish those citizens that will be engaging in the Act of terrorism in Nigeria, and finally prevent such Act, quite a number of Nigerian citizens still engaged in the Act of terrorism. This paper examined the causes and the impact of terrorism on the Nigerian state, and proffer sustainable solution to the act of terrorism bedeviling Nigerian state. This paper adopted the hybrid method of data collection, that is both primary and secondary method of data collection was applied. The paper conducted interviews, while other data was gathered from the readymade works of scholars and was used in the analyses of fact. After examining terrorism and its impact on Nigeria, the paper analyzed options that may serve as a way out of the menace of terrorism in Nigeria and recommended that government of Nigeria should adopt the strategy and possible panacea put forward by this paper, as it will help to a great extends in eradicating terrorism in Nigeria.
Estética de lo popular en el cine de Joris Ivens y Aldo Francia. Resignificar la memoria y patrimonio de Valparaíso
Authors: Aceituno Silva David , Collao Donoso Damaris Natalia
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar  la mirada estética de dos grandes cineastas de los años ‘60 y ’70, cuyo trabajo rupturista marcó una época de controversia en Chile. Joris Ivens, pionero de cine realidad, y Aldo Francia, padre del nuevo cine chileno, a través de su obras “A Valparaíso” y “Valparaíso mi amor”, respectivamente, muestran una ciudad poco conocida y valorada por su configuración popular. A través de un análisis histórico del lenguaje fílmico buscamos   comprender los lentes de estos cineastas para así reflexionar sobre  un patrimonio material e inmaterial de la ciudad de Valparaíso que se crea y recrea entre sus calles, cerros, escaleras y pobreza, más allá de lo conocido y valorado históricamente. La mirada a lo popular, a la gente de a pie, a quienes con esfuerzo y lucha lograron sortear la geografía del puerto, permite cuestionar los patrones y escalas estéticas conocidos. Analizaremos en estas líneas la puesta en valor de la verdadera riqueza patrimonial de Valparaíso -ciudad declarada el año 2003 Patrimonio Mundial de la humanidad-, la que a través de la experiencia fílmica de estos artistas se dejará conocer para consolidar la memoria de una ciudad que se desconoce a si misma.

This article aims to analyse the aesthetic gaze of two great filmmakers of the years ' 60 and ' 70, whose groundbreaking work marked a time of controversy in Chile. Joris Ivens, pioneer of cinema reality, and Aldo Francia, father of the new Chilean cinema, through his works "to Valparaiso" and "Valparaiso mi Amor", respectively, show a city little known and valued by its popular configuration. Through a historical analysis of the film language we seek to understand the lenses of these filmmakers in order to reflect on a material and immaterial heritage of the city of Valparaiso that is created and recreates between its streets, hills, stairs and poverty, beyond Historically known and valued. The view to the popular, to the people of walking, who with effort and struggle managed to circumvent the geography of the port, allows to question the patterns and aesthetic scales known. We will analyze in these lines the value of the true patrimonial richness of Valparaiso-City declared the year 2003 World Heritage of Humanity, which through the film experience of these artists is left to know to consolidate the memory of A city that doesn't know itself.
La percepción visual del paisaje en la pintura y la fotografía: Un enfoque interdisciplinario hacia la presencia espacial
Authors: Carrillo Quiroga Perla
Published: January 2020

Este artículo explora la percepción visual como experiencia corporizada del espacio a través del paisaje en la pintura y la fotografía. Es una investigación interdisciplinaria, que busca contribuir al diálogo entre varios campos: la fenomenología de la percepción, la percepción del espacio en la neurociencia cognitiva y el estudio de las artes visuales. La investigación es de carácter correlacional y descriptivo; busca por una parte, explorar la relación entre la experiencia de presencia espacial y el realismo de la imagen; por otra, se observa si el uso de elementos visuales que sugieren una acción motora en el espectador (del inglés ‘affordances’)afecta la intensidad de presencia espacial. Además del análisis de literatura, se recolectaron datos a través de un cuestionario ilustrado en donde se presentaron 26 imágenes, 13 pinturas y 13 fotografías de paisaje. Este estudio se realizó con 28 participantes de 18 a 64 años de distintos géneros.

This article explores visual perception as an embodied experience of space through landscape painting and photography. It takes an interdisciplinary approach, which seeks to contribute to the dialogue between different fields of study: phenomenology of perception, perception of space in cognitive neuroscience and visual arts. This research is correlational and descriptive; it seeks, on one hand, to explore the relationship between the experience of spatial presence and realism; on the other, it observes the use of affordances in landscape images, understood as visual elements that suggest a motor action in the spectator and the ways in which they affect the intensity of spatial presence. In addition to the literature analysis, data was collected through an illustrated questionnaire which included 26 images: 13 paintings and 13 landscape photographs. This study was conducted with 28 participants aged 18 to 64 years of different genders.
La heterogeneidad del yo en Fernando Pessoa, Antonio Machado y Miguel de Unamuno
Authors: López Ruiz Patricia Teresa
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como meta abrazar un tema que se venía arrastrando de manera progresiva desde el Romanticismo: la despersonalización ante la existencia de un ser múltiple, y que alcanzó cima con el universo creativo de F. Pessoa. No obstante, y debido a la conciencia del fracaso de la razón al intentar aprehender una realidad cambiante, escritores como Machado y Unamuno ‒de manera coetánea al lusitano‒ también emprendieron esa canalización del ser, como un yo desgarrado, a través de sus obras. La teleología en cada uno de ellos era distinta. No obstante, en mayor o menor medida, los tres encontraron sustento en la filosofía empirista y el escepticismo, y creyeron en una omnipresente textualidad. Textualidad que desdibujó límites antagónicos y que los adentró en un espacio de falsedad y superchería, de espejismos irrealizados o de juego tomado en serio.

The ensuing work aims at tackling an issue which had been progressively flourishing ever since the days of Romanticism: depersonalization in the presence of a multiple being, which reached its peak within Fernando Pessoa’s creative universe. Notwithstanding this, and due to the awareness of the reason’s failure at apprehending an ever-changing reality, such writers as Antonio Machado and Miguel de Unamuno -the latter a contemporary of the Lusitanian- also undertook that channeling of the being as a ragged self throughout their works. Teleology was different in each of them. However to a greater or lesser extent, our authors nourished on empiricist philosophy and skepticism, and set their belief in a pervasive textuality. Opposing boundaries were blurred by this textuality, which introduced them into a deceit and swindle realm, abundant with unfulfilled smoke and mirrors or seriously-taken games.
El lado de afuera. Idea de la historia en "Historia argentina" de Rodrigo Fresán
Authors: Snoey Christian
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar en torno a las categorías de pensamiento mediante las que se trata de aprehender la historia en el volumen, híbrido entre cuento y novela, Historia argentina, de Rodrigo Fresán, a partir de un análisis de las formas narrativas mediante las que se construyen los relatos, puesto que la estructura de la obra, a modo de cuentos que funcionan por resonancia, espejea la manera en que se concibe la historia. Para ello, parto fundamentalmente de las ideas de Ricardo Piglia acerca de la relación entre política y literatura, para quien la ficción reproduce el lenguaje del Estado y crea su reverso; y también acudo a las teorías de Eloy Fernández Porta, ensayadas en Afterpop, para deslindar la manera en que el uso de referencias pop en esta obra responde a una crítica de las formas de la cultura oficial. Por tanto, el punto de llegada de este trabajo consiste en el análisis de la revisión del lenguaje con el que se ha articulado la historia argentina, y la búsqueda de un lenguaje otro para escribir y aprehenderla en Historia argentina, tomando como idea central el concepto de distanciamiento, puesto que cifra la actitud, tanto emocional como intelectual, respecto a la escritura de la historia.

The objective of this work is to reflect on the categories of thought through which it is a question of apprehending the history in the book, hybrid between story and novel, Historia argentina, by Rodrigo Fresán, from an analysis of the narrative forms through those that build the stories, since the structure of the work, by way of stories that work by resonance, reflects the way in which history is conceived. To do this, I fundamentally start form the ideas of Ricardo Piglia about the relationship between politics and literature, for whom fiction reproduces the language of the State and creates its reverse. And I also turn to the theories of Eloy Fernández Porta, studied in Afterpop, to demarcate the way in which the use of pop references in this work responds to a critique of the forms of official culture. Therefore, the objective of this work is the analysis of the revision of the language with which Argentine history has been articulated, and the search for another language to write and apprehend in Argentine history, taking as a central idea the concept of distancing, since it figures the attitude, both emotional and intellectual, regarding the writing of history.
Mujeres, amor y libertad en la poesía dominicana contemporánea: los versos de Rosa Silverio y Lourdes Batista-Jakab
Authors: Faustinelli Tiziano
Published: January 2020

Este escrito pretende enseñar cómo la palabra poética puede convertirse en una herramienta eficaz para alcanzar una vehemente defensa del papel de las mujeres y conseguir la creación de nuevas posibilidades que les permitan ser libres de enseñar su valor. Las autoras dominicanas Rosa Silverio y Lourdes Batista-Jakab representan un ejemplo del deseo de que las mujeres salgan de la penumbra; amor, libertad y poesía son sinónimos de denuncia, defensa y salvación. Concretamente, se tomarán en examen las dos obras más representativas con respecto al núcleo central del asunto: Mujer de lámpara encendida (Rosa Silverio) y La mujer desnuda (Lourdes Batista-Jakab), cuyos versos serán objeto de selección, investigación y análisis comparativo. Los sujetos líricos que protagonizan los versos de las dos autoras desempeñan el papel de enfatizar una voz universal para aquellas que quedan en silencio.

This article aims to show how poetry can become a useful tool to get a powerful defense of women’s role and to obtain the establishment of new possibilities that let them free to demonstrate their value. The Dominican authors Rosa Silverio and Lourdes Batista-Jakab represent an exemplar model of the wish of women to leave the darkness; love, freedom and poetry are accusation, defense and salvation at the same time. Concretely, this essay focuses on two literary works that can be considered the most representative of the central theme: Mujer de lámpara encendida (Rosa Silverio) and La mujer desnuda (Lourdes Batista-Jakab), whose poems will be the subject of a selection, research and comparative analysis work. The lyrics of the mentioned authors want to generate a universal voice for those who remain silent.
Un estruendo invisible: las cajas en el teatro de Bances Candamo
Authors: Gilabert Gastón
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar acerca de uno de los ingredientes más invisibles del teatro del Siglo de Oro: la música instrumental y los efectos acústicos que no incluyen la participación de cantantes. Mediante el análisis de todas las apariciones de cajas o tambores militares percutidos en las comedias de Francisco Bances Candamo, con la dificultad que supone la escasez generalizada de acotaciones destinadas a la música instrumental, se dibuja una estrategia dramática para vincular el oído con lo bélico, sea para animar al soldado, sea para las honras fúnebres de los caídos, con las implicaciones ideológicas que ello tiene en el primer gran espectáculo de masas de la modernidad.

The aim of this paper is to reflect on one of the most invisible ingredients of the Spanish Golden Age theatre: instrumental music and acoustic effects that do not include the participation of singers. Through the analysis of all the occurrences of cajas or percussed military drums in the plays of Francisco Bances Candamo, with the difficulty that supposes the generalized scarcity of stage directions destined to the instrumental music, a dramatic strategy is drawn to link the ear with war, either to animate to the soldier, or for the funeral honors of the fallen, with the ideological implications that this has in the first great mass spectacle of modernity.
El peso de una palabra. Aproximación a la escritura diarística en “Filosofía en los días críticos” de Chantal Maillard
Authors: Crespo Marta
Published: January 2020

Este artículo se propone trazar algunos apuntes que permitan pensar la particular incursión de Chantal Maillard en las escrituras del yo como materialización formal del proyecto poético y filosófico de la autora. Así, a partir de una lectura de Filosofía en los días críticos, la primera obra de Maillard presentada como diario, a la luz de las características tradicionales de este género literario, se buscará articular una reflexión en torno a las consecuencias de la elección del diario respecto de la pregunta por el sujeto y de la voluntad de destruir un pensamiento y un lenguaje sustentados en la metafísica y la ontología.

The aim of this paper is drawing some notes on Chantal Maillard’s particular incursion in the self writing as a formal materialization of her poetical and philosophical project. From a reading of Filosofía en los días críticos, the first work of Maillard presented as a diary, in light of the traditional characteristics of this literary genre, this work will try to articulate a reflection on the consequences of choosing the diary regarding to the question of the subject and the will to destroy a thought and a language based on metaphysics and ontology.