bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengertian,contoh, dan kasus dari Five Level Of Prevention
Authors: Purnamasari.A Andi Wulan
Published: November 2021

Five level of prevention (level and clark) terdiri dari 5 bagian, yaitu health promotion, spesific protection,early diagnosis and prompt treatment,disability limitation, dan rehabilitation. Adapun kasusnya tentang karies gigi dan cara pencegahan karies gigi
Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Klinik Bagi Keluarga
Authors: Fatimah Putri
Published: November 2021

Klinik merupakan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang menyelenggarakan pelayanan kesehatan perorangan yang menyediakan pelayanan medis dasar atau spesialistik. Fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan perorangan yang tercapai (accessible), terjangkau, dan bermutu, diharapkan dapat menjamin terselenggaranya pembangunan kesehatan di Indonesia dalam rangka meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia yang setinggi-tingginya.
FIVE LEVEL OF PREVENTION
Authors: Nurul
Published: November 2021

FIVE LEVEL OF PREVENTION
Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Sejati Kevin Pramudya
Published: November 2021

Bagi suatu negara yang membina sistem ketatanegaraan sebagai negara hukum, tentunya tidak terlepas dari adanya hukum dalam suatu kehidupan penyelenggaraan negara dan pemerintahan negara tersebut. Rule of law yaitu konsep nasional yang telah berkembang selama beberapa dekade terakhir. Hal ini terlihat dengan adanya pertimbangan-pertimbangan terkait konsep negara hukum, yang sudah ada sebelum struktur negara hukum disusun dan diorganisir serta dikembangkan dalam bentuknya yang sekarang.
Produk dan Akad BMT
Authors: Afrianti Wahyuni
Published: November 2021

Hubungan antar manusia yang satu dengan yang lain tidak dapat terlepas dari suatu transaksi yang dalam bahasa arab disebut sebagai muamalah. Transaksi tersebut dapat menimbulkan hak dan kewajiban apabila kedua belah pihak melakukan suatu akad baik akad yang bersifat māliyah maupun gair māliyah(Sholihah & Suhendar, 2019). Sistem transaksi tersebut terdapat berbagai macam cara yang bisa dilakukan, selama transaksi tersebut tidak menyalahi nilai-nilai ekonomi Islam
ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Warda
Published: November 2021

Analisis laporan keuangan adalah suatu proses penelitian laporan keuangan beserta unsure-unsurnya yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dan memprediksi kondisi keuangan perusahaan atau badan usaha dan juga mengevaluasi hasil-hasil yang telah dicapai perusahaan atau badan usaha pada masa lalu dan sekarang.Analisis terhadap laporan keuangan suatu perusahaan pada dasarnya karena ingin mengetahui tingkat keuntungan dan tingkat risiko dan tingkat kesehatan suatu perusahaan.Analisis terhadap laporan keuangan suatu perusahaan pada dasarnya karena ingin mengetahui tingkat keuntungan dan tingkat risiko dan tingkat kesehatan suatu perusahaan.
DEMOKRASI DAN PENERAPANNYA
Authors: KHUSNA NIKMATUL
Published: November 2021

Demokrasi merupakan nilai universal sebagai kehendak rakyat yang diekspresikan secara bebas untuk menentukan sistem politik, ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya. Secara sederhana, demokrasi digambarkan sebagai "pemerintahan dari rakyat, oleh rakyat, dan untuk rakyat". Pada hakekatnya demokrasi diwujudkan untuk mencapai kemakmuran.Demokrasi merupakan konsep pemerintahan yang bermula dari konsep yang dijalankan di polis Athena pada masa Yunani kuno. Konsep tersebut sempat terkubur lama tetapi kembali menemukan jalankan seiring berakhirnya abad pertengahan di Eropa. Demokrasi makin berkembang dan dianggap sebagai sistem yang paling baik. Ide demokrasi telah merasuk ke Indonesia sejak negeri masih menjadi negeri jajahan. Sekelompok kecil pemuda Indonesia yang menjadi saksi perkembangan demokrasi di Eropa mencuri ide demokrasi dan membawanya ke tanah air.
Manajemen Strategi Perusahaan
Authors: ASRIANI
Published: November 2021

manajemen strategis bisa dimaknaisebagai cara memandu perusahaan untuk mencapai sejumlah sasaran. Mulai dari nilai & tanggung jawab korporasi, kapabilitas manajerial, hingga sistem administrasi yang berkaitan denganpengambilan keputusan strategis dan operasional diberbagai tingkat hierarki.
Five Level Of Prevention
Authors: Arifin Sucitra
Published: November 2021

Makalah Dasar Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat tugas 2 Five Level Of Prevention
DEMOKRASI DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: BILI IMELDA LAMBERTINI
Published: November 2021

Dengan berkembangnya demokrasi di era pandemi covid-19,akibat polarisasi politik pasca pemilu dan kuatnya pro kontra pasca pemilu,pemerintah tidak dapat memberikan penanggulangan yang efektif untuk mengatasi tantangan saat ini.Bambang Eka menyampaikan kritiknya kepada Cahya Widodo,SIP.,M.Si.,Selaku dosen ilmu pemerintahan UMY,dalam acara (13/4) bertajuk “Democratization Update in Southeast Asian Countries in the Covid-19 Era”.Menurut Bambang Eka Cahya,wabah tersebut berdampak cukup besar di segala aspek,adanya masyarakat sipil dan budaya politik yang bermakna.Menurutnya,kemampuan pemerintah dalam menyelesaikan masalah relatif rendah.Karena kecurigaan pemerintah pusat yang jelas,efektivitas koordinasi antar pemerintah di semua tingkatan juga lemah.Akibatnya,daerah-daerah ini mengambil tindakan yang tidak terkoordinasi dan tidak efektif,Meski begitu respons pemerintah sebenarnya tidak terisolasi,melainkan disebabkan oleh keadaan dan kondisi yang objektif,termasuk isu politik yang muncul di masa pandemi.Oleh karena itu,banyak hal yang harus dilakukan.Krisis demokrasi bukan hanya untuk kepentingan pemerintah,tetapi juga milik rakyat biasa,Publik,parpol,parlemen dan penegak hukum,seperti media massa.Akademisi dan masyarakat sebenarnya memiliki peran yang cukup strategis,yaitu dapat meningkatkan budaya politik masyarakat dan meningkatkan partisipasi politik dalam perumusan kebijakan publik.Sayangnya,budaya politik yang tidk mendukung demokrasi dan kesadaran akan krisis demokrasi saat ini belum menjadi perhatian publik.
Berkah Zakat Dalam Hidup
Authors: Muafit Kasim
Published: November 2021

Zakat merupakan ibadah sebagai bentuk ketaatan kepada Allah SWT. dan sebagai kewajiban kepada sesama manusia . Zakat juga sering disebut sebagai ibadah kesungguhan dalam harta ,sangat pentingnya zakat dapat dilihat dari ayat al qur’an yang menyandingkan perintah zakat dengan perintah shalat.merupakan harta yang wajib dikeluarkan oleh orang yang beragama Islam dan diberikan kepada orang yang berhak menerimanya, seseorang akan mengeluarkan zakatnya apabila sudah tercapai syarat yang sesuai aturan Agama dan zakat yaitu bersih, suci,subur,dan berkah.
Demokrasi bangsa
Authors: PUTRI REGINA ANINDYA
Published: November 2021

The meaning and understanding of democracy along the histories of Indonesian government give specific meaning for the development of democracy in Indonesia. There are a lot of democracy paradox or democracy irony that happened in the orde lama era, orde baru era and reformasi era. The process and the development of democracy, finally face to face with the interest of power in the contexts of political trap that is true undemocratic. General election 2004 and Directly Regional Head Election 2005 are being momentum in the implementation of democratic governance, also challenge for political actors and community to raise cultural and structural democracy. By the way, Indonesian democracy still left some questions, that is, whether we prepare and capable to develop democracy without any irony or paradox. Kata kunci : paradox demokrasi, pilkada, membangun
FIVE LEVEL PREVENTION
Authors: iham
Published: November 2021

Salah satu teori public health yangberkaitan dengan pencegahan timbulnyapenyakit dikenal dengan istilah “fve LevelO Prevention Against Diseases” yaitu limatingkatan pencegahan penyakit dalammewujudkan kesehatan masyarakat.
Desain dan struktur organisasi
Authors: Nurfadilah
Published: November 2021

Pengorganisasian merupakan pengelompokan kegiatan ke dalam departemen. Pengorganisasian juga meliputi penugasan setiap aktifitas, membagi pekerjaan ke dalam setiap tugas yang spesifik, dan menentukan siapa yang memiliki hak untuk mengerjakan beberapa tugas.Dalam suatu organisasi, diperlukan Kerangka kerja yang akan diproses sesuai dengan rencana yang telah ditentukan. Kerangka kerja organisasi tersebut disebut sebagai desain organisasi (organizational design) sedangkan bentuk fisik dari kerangka kerja tersebut dinamakan struktur organisasi (organizational structure).Struktur organiasi pada dasarnya merupakan desain organisasi dimana manajer melakukan alokasi sumber daya organisasi yang dikoordinasikan dengan tujuan dan rencana yang ditetapkan, mencakup tentang pembagian kerja serta penjelasan bagaimana rencana organisasi akan dilaksanakan.
Sejarah Kesehatan Masyarakat
Authors: Syafri Nur Faizah Faradillah
Published: November 2021

Resume sejarah kesehatan masyarakat yang terdiri dari 2 fase yaitu sebelum dan sesudah ilmu pengetahuan. Serta basuc pelayanan puskesmas
Five level of prevention_ DHEA ADELIA
Authors: Adelia Dhea
Published: November 2021

Five Level Of preventionSalah satu teori public health yang berkaitan dengan pencegahan timbulnya penyakit dikenal dengan istilah " Prevention Against Diseases” yaitu lima tingkatan pencegahan penyakit dalam mewujudkan kesehatan masyarakat.1. Peningkatan kesehatan (health promotion) Pada tingkat ini dilakukan tindakan umum untuk menjaga keseimbangan proses bibitpenyakit-pejamu-lingkungan, sehingga dapat menguntungkan manusia dengan carameningkatkan daya tahan tubuh dan memperbaiki lingkungan. Tindakan ini dilakukan padaseseorang yang sehat.ContohPenyediaan makanan sehat dan cukup (kualitas maupun kuantitas)Perbaikan hygiene dan sanitasi lingkungan, misalnya penyediaan air bersih, pembuangansampah, pembuangan tinja dan limbah. Pendidikan kesehatan kepada masyarakat. Misalnya untuk kalangan menengah ke atas dinegara berkembang terhadap resiko jantung koroner. Olahraga secara teratur sesuai kemampuan individu. Kesempatan memperoleh hiburan demi perkembangan mental dan sosial. Nasihat perkawinan dan pendidikan seks yang bertanggung jawab. Rekreasi atau hiburan untuk perkembangan mental dan sosial.
Studi Kasus Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa Dengan Masalah Risiko Perilaku Kekerasan Pada Pasien Skizofrenia
Authors: Winranto Asmadi
Published: November 2021

Skizofrenia adalah gangguan jiwa yang dapat berakhir dengan hilanngya dengan nyawa seseorang. Dalam penanganan penyakit ini karena jiwa yang tergangangu maka di butuhkan adalah terapi, rehabilitasi serta dengan konseling. Upaya terbesar untuk penangan penyakit gangguan jiwa terletak pada keluarga dan masyarakat, dalam hal ini terapi terbaik adalah bentuk dukungan keluarga dalam mencegah kambuhnya penyakit skizofrenia
Income Inequality Predicts Competitiveness and Cooperativeness at School
Authors: Sommet Nicolas , Weissman David Laurence , Elliot Andrew
Published: November 2021

Competitiveness and cooperativeness are important predictors of social and learning outcomes at school. Drawing on evidence suggesting that contexts with high income inequality foster an ethos of competitiveness and inhibit cooperativeness in the economic environment, we examine whether income inequality is also associated with more competitiveness and less cooperativeness in the academic environment. We conducted four preregistered studies to test this idea. In Study 1, analysis of the OECD PISA 2018 dataset (≈500,000 15-year-old students from 75 countries) revealed that students from economically unequal countries perceive their schoolmates as more competitive and less cooperative. In Study 2a-2b, analysis of the PISA 2003 (250,000+ students from 38 countries) and PISA 2000 (75,000+ students from 32 countries) datasets revealed that students from unequal countries are themselves more competitive and, surprisingly, also more cooperative. Follow-up analyses resolved this apparent paradox, showing that students from unequal countries are oriented towards instrumental rather than intrinsic cooperativeness (i.e., using cooperation as a strategic tool to achieve academic success rather than for the enjoyment of the activity itself). Study 3 offers a conceptual experimental replication (≈850 young adults imagining going back to school) and indicates that induced income inequality (i) increases perceived competitiveness, (ii) decreases perceived cooperativeness, (iii) prompts an orientation towards competitiveness, and (iv) prompts an orientation towards instrumental rather than intrinsic cooperativeness. Results are discussed in relation to the multidisciplinary literatures on the psychology of income inequality, the selective function of school systems, coopetition, self-determination, and cooperative learning.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL-SOAL OPERASI HITUNG BILANGAN BULAT DAN ALTERNATIF PEMECAHANNYA DITINJAU DARI GAYA KOGNITIF SISWA KELAS IV SD NEGERI 1 KATOBENGKE KOTA BAUBAU
Authors: Herlawan  , la eru ugi  , Herlawan
Published: November 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) Mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis kesalahan-kesalahan yangdilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal operasi hitung bilangan bulat ditinjau dari gaya kognitif,(2) Mengetahui faktor dominan terjadinya kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal operasi hitung bilangan bulat ditinjau dari gaya kognitif, (3) Mengetahui alternatif pemecahan yang baik untuk memperbaiki kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal operasi hitung bilangan bulat di kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Katobengke Kota Baubau. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Strategi penilaian yang digunakan adalah metofe deskripsi kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Katobengke Kota Baubau dengan mempertimbangkan nilai ekstrim artinya siswa yang memperoleh nilai tes GEFT yang paling tinggi dan paling rendah pada setiap masing-masing interval skor tes GEFT tersebut dan paling banyak melakukan kesalahan. Tehnik pengumpulan data yaitu: (1) Tes GEFT, (2) Tes diagnostik, (3) Wawancara, dan (4) Alternatif pemecahan tes diagnostik. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini yaitu: (1) Reduksi data, (2) Penyajian data, dan (3) Penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: (1) Kesalahan-kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal operasi hitung bilangan bulat ditinjau dari gaya kongnitifnya: pada subjek berkategori gaya kognitif Field Independent (FI) adalah siswa tidak memahami soal, salah membedakan konsep serta salah langkah penyelesaian, dan salah dalam mengoperasikan; pada subjek berkategori gaya kognitif Field Dependent (FD) adalah siswa tidak bisa membedakan tanda/lambang, salah membedakan tanda dalam konsep serta salah langkah penyelesaian, dan salah dalam mengoperasikan. (2) Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan siswa melakukan kesalahan dalam menyelesaikan soal- soal operasi hitung bilangan bulat ditinjau dari gaya kognitifnya yaitu pada subjek berkategori gaya kognitif Field Independent (FI) dan pada subjek berkategori gaya kognitif Field Dependent (FD) adalah pada kesalahan konsep: tidak bisa membedakan tanda/lambang, tidak bisa menjawab soal; pada kesalahan prinsip: salah membedakan tanda dalam konsep serta salah langkah penyelesaian, salah membuat penyimbolan, salah menempatkan bilangannya, tanda dalam pengoperasian terkadang diabaikan karena bingung; dan pada kesalahan operasi: salah mengoperasikan, proses pengerjaan tidak teratur, pengerjaan singkat, dan hasil akhir salah. (3) Alternatif pemecahan yang dinilai baik untuk memperbaiki kesalahan dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal operasi hitung bilangan bulat adalah dengan menggunakan media berupa alat peraga, alat peraga disini biasanya dengan menggunakan garis bilangan.
Implementasi Teknologi Informasi di Bidang Kesehatan
Authors: hidayat antonio alfarez
Published: November 2021

Implementasi Teknologi Informasi di Bidang Kesehatan
sejarah kesehatan masyarakat
Authors: Syafri Nur Faizah Faradillah
Published: November 2021

resume sejarah kesehatan masyarakat didunia yang terdiri dari dua fase yaitu sebelum ilmu pengetahuan dan sesudah ilmu pengetahuan. Serta basic pelayanan puskesmas
PANDUAN BIMBINGAN PENULISAN SKRIPSI
Authors: Ismail Jeffrit Kalprianus , Dewi Yuliana
Published: November 2021

Buku panduan ini disusun untuk kepentingan mahasiswa yang akan menyusun skripsi dan untuk menyeragamkan proses penulisan skripsi. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mempermudah mahasiswa dalam menyusun skripsi (berdasarkan hasil penelitiannya). Mahasiswa STAK Arastamar Grimenawa Jayapura hendaknya mengikuti ketentuan yang dijelaskan dalam buku ini.
Berkah zakat dalam hidup
Authors: Muafit Kasim
Published: November 2021

Zakat merupakan ibadah sebagai bentuk ketaatan kepada Allah SWT. dan sebagai kewajiban kepada sesama manusia . Zakat juga sering disebut sebagai ibadah kesungguhan dalam harta ,sangat pentingnya zakat dapat dilihat dari ayat al qur’an yang menyandingkan perintah zakat dengan perintah shalat.merupakan harta yang wajib dikeluarkan oleh orang yang beragama Islam dan diberikan kepada orang yang berhak menerimanya, seseorang akan mengeluarkan zakatnya apabila sudah tercapai syarat yang sesuai aturan Agama dan zakat yaitu bersih, suci,subur,dan berkah.
Five Level Of Prevention (Level and Clark)
Authors: Zulqaidah Asda
Published: November 2021

Five Level Of Prevention (Level and Clark)
Licensing Service Efficiency in Bandung City
Authors: Kurniadi  , Ibrahim Syafei
Published: November 2021

The public service system is determined by the standardization of public services regulated in laws and regulations. Therefore, a common perception is needed between the bureaucratic apparatus and the community in terms of service delivery, especially in the investment sector in order to improve the performance of investment services both at the central and regional levels. Licensing is an instrument of government policy to control negative externalities that may be caused by social and economic activities. Permits are also an instrument for efficient and fair allocation of public goods, preventing information asymmetry, and legal protection of ownership or operation of activities. As an instrument of control, licensing requires clear rationality and is stated in the form of government policy as a reference. Without rationality and a clear policy design, licensing will lose its meaning as an instrument for defending the interests of the community over individual actions. Problems in the field of licensing in the city of Bandung, namely licensing services in the city of Bandung which have been implemented since 2001 are still considered ineffective, so that the performance of licensing services is still low. To carry out business licensing properly, a comprehensive analysis is needed to simplify licensing (Abolish, Combine, Simplified, Decentralized).
SEJARAH KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: putri Melyana angreni
Published: November 2021

MATERI TERKAIT DENGAN SEJARAH KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI DUNIA DAN DI INDONESIA SERTA SEJARAH PUSKESMAS DAN BASIC PUSKESMAS
Sejarah Kesehatan Masyarakat
Authors: Arifin Sucitra
Published: November 2021

Sejarah Kesehatan Masyarakat, Sejarah Puskesmas, Basic di Kesehatan Masyarakat
HAK ASASI MANUSIA (HAM) DAN DEMOKRASI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Hebatullah Haniefa
Published: November 2021

Negara demokrasi adalah negara yang menganut bentuk atau mekanisme sistem pemerintahan dengan mewujudkan kedaulatan rakyat atas negara untuk dijalankan oleh pemerintah negara tersebut. Indonesia sendiri menganut demokrasi pancasila yaitu demokrasi berdasarkan kekeluargaan dan gotong - royong yang ditujukan kepada kesejahteraan rakyat, yang mengandung unsur - unsur kesadaran religius, berdasarkan kebenaran, kecintaan dan budi pekerti luhur, berkepribadian Indonesia dan berkesinambungan. Perjuangan menegakkan demokrasi merupakan upaya umat manusia dalam rangka menjamin dan melindungi hak asasinya, karena demokrasi merupakan salah satu sistem politik yang memberi penghargaan atas hak dasar manusia. Dalam suatu Negara yang berdemokrasi, Implementasi Hak Asasi Manusia merupakan suatu keharusan. Demokrasi bukanlah hanya sebatas hak sipil dan politik rakyat, namun dalam perkembangannya demokrasi juga terkait erat dengan sejauh mana terjaminnya hak-hak ekonomi dan sosial budaya dari rakyatnya. Dengan demikian hak asasi manusia akan terwujud dan terjamin oleh negara yang demokratis dan demikian sebaliknya, demokrasi akan terwujud apabila negara mampu menjamin tegaknya hak asasi manusia.
Makalah Desain dan Struktur Organisasi
Authors: Asia Nur
Published: November 2021

Perusahaan mempunyai sebuah organisasi yang dijalankannya dimana, organisasi tersebut terdiri atas sekelompok pegawai.Terbentuknya suatu organisasi dengan tujuan untuk dapat mencapai suatu visi/ misi diinginkan oleh perusahaan.
Sejarah kesehatan masyarakat dan sejarah puskesmas
Authors: Nurul
Published: November 2021

Sejarah kesehatan masayarakat dan sejarah puskesmas
Autobiographical memory specificity and mnemonic discrimination
Authors: Matsumoto Noboru , Kobayashi Masanori , Takano Keisuke , Lee Michael David
Published: November 2021

Autobiographical memory specificity (AMS) refers to the tendency to recall events that occurred at a particular time and place. We examined the hypothesis that AMS is associated with pattern separation, which is an essential component of episodic memory that may allow us to encode and retain the unique aspects of events. In Study 1 (N = 94) and Study 2 (preregistered; N = 99), participants completed the Autobiographical Memory Test, which measures AMS, and the Mnemonic Similarity Task measuring pattern separation. We coded Autobiographical Memory Test responses conventionally and then further classified the categoric memory responses (i) that contained words indicating repetitions or regularity (e.g., always, often) and (ii) did not contain these words. The pattern separation ability correlated positively with specific memories and correlated negatively with categoric memories lacking those words. We propose to distinguish these two types of categoric memory and discuss the integrative model of autobiographical memory structure.
Investigating the role of the right inferior frontal gyrus in control perception: A double-blind cross-over study using ultrasonic neuromodulation
Authors: Forster André , Rodrigues Johannes , Ziebell Philipp , Sanguinetti Joseph , Allen John JB , Hewig Johannes
Published: November 2021

Being able to control inner and environmental states is a basic need of living creatures. The perception of such control is based on the perceived ratio of outcome probabilities given the presence and the absence of agentic behavior. If an organism believes that options exist to change the probability of a given outcome, control perception (CP) may emerge. Nonetheless, regarding this model, not much is known about how the brain processes CP from this information. This study uses low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound neuromodulation in a randomized-controlled double blind cross-over design to investigate the impact of the right inferior frontal gyrus of the lateral prefrontal cortex on this process. 39 healthy participants visited the laboratory twice (once in a sham, once in a neuromodulation condition) and rated their control perception regarding a classical control illusion task. EEG alpha and theta power density were analyzed in a hierarchical single trial-based mixed modeling approach. Results indicate that the litFUS neuromodulation changed the processing of stimulus probability without changing CP Furthermore, neuromodulation of the right lPFC was found to modulate mid-frontal theta by altering its relationship with self-reported effort and worrying. While these data indicate lateral prefrontal sensitivity to stimulus probability, no evidence emerged for the dependency of CP on this processing
Material and technical support of agricultural production: state and prospects
Authors:   Michurinsk State Agrarian University, Michurinsk, Tambov Region, Russia, Minakov Ivan A.
Published: November 2021

The article considers the availability of agricultural organizations with material resources and technical means and also factors affecting the formation of the material and technical base, such as the level of development of industries that produce means of production, the solvency of the agricultural sector, prices, import and export of material and technical resources, state support. In the production of some types of products, the role of imported material and technical resources is great. The share of imported seeds and hybrids of sugar beet is 98%, sunflower – 56%, spring rapeseed – 69%, vegetable crops – more than 50%, corn – 49%, potatoes – 80%, crosses in the production of broilers – 95%, agricultural machinery – more than 40%. The proposals for import substitution in the market of material and technical resources and the development of agricultural machinery are justified.
Patterns of Coronary Artery lesion in a Patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Presenting with an Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Sharma Ranjit , Hirachan Anish , Gautam Milan
Published: November 2021

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the patterns of coronary artery disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presenting with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: This was a prospective, observational study, conducted on 69 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, presenting with acute coronary syndrome undergoing coronary angiogram from September 2017 to March 2021. All patients had undergone coronary angiogram; severity and morphology of lesion as well as the severity of calcium were analyzed. Results: The study showed that 69 patients with COPD who presented with ACS, 58.8% of patients were presented with NSTEMI, 30.2% STEMI and Unstable angina 11%. The average time of presentation after the onset of the symptom was 17.6 hours. 64% of patients were a smoker. Coronary involvement 10% of patients had LM, 50% TVD, 30% DVD, and 10% had SVD. Type a coronary lesion was seen in 5%, Type B in 20%, and Type C in 75% of patients. Mild Coronary calcium was seen in 25%. Moderate calcium was in 40% and severe calcium in 35%. Conclusions: COPD patients presenting with ACS, associated with increased severity of coronary calcium and coronary lesions.
COVID-19 pneumonitis induced myocardial infarction and multi-organ failure: an ethical and clinical challenge
Authors: Pallikadavath Susil , Vali Zakariyya , S Bhandari Sanjay , P McCann Gerry
Published: November 2021

A 62-year-old man presented at the height of the first wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with hypoxia, multi-organ failure and haemodynamic instability. The electrocardiogram and echocardiogram were indicative of inferolateral ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. His hypoxia was initially thought to be driven by acute pulmonary oedema due to cardiac failure, but this was out-of-proportion to his left-ventricular function. This aroused suspicion of COVID-19 which he subsequently tested positive for. He was not deemed to be candidate for primary percutaneous intervention, intubation or mechanical ventilation; a difficult decision to make in a previously healthy, young patient. Clinical decisions were complicated by late presentation and hospital pressures related to the pandemic. Similar clinical scenarios are likely as we move into the next stages of the pandemic. Establishing clinical frameworks to help clinicians make these decisions, and identifying barriers to healthcare attendance, may be priorities for policy-makers.
Electoral Processes: Navigating and Emerging from Crisis (Global State of Democracy Thematic Paper 2021)
Authors:   International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA)
Published: November 2021

Elections that take place regularly and provide for the orderly transition of power from one elected government to another are the cornerstone of democratic governance and political stability. During 2020–2021, the Covid-19 pandemic profoundly affected the conduct and integrity of elections worldwide. This paper notes a decline in clean elections across both democratic and non-democratic (hybrid and authoritarian) regimes that has been exacerbated by the pandemic. At the same time, there are important cases of electoral resilience displayed by democratic institutions and civil society. The paper offers policy recommendations for national governments, parliaments, electoral management bodies and international development organizations, and makes forward-looking conclusions.
The Global State of Democracy 2021: Building resilience in a pandemic era
Authors:   International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA)
Published: November 2021

Democracy is at risk. Its survival is endangered by a perfect storm of threats, both from within and from a rising tide of authoritarianism. The Covid-19 pandemic has exacerbated these threats through the imposition of states of emergency, the spread of disinformation, and crackdowns on independent media and freedom of expression. The Global State of Democracy 2021 shows that more countries than ever are suffering from ‘democratic erosion’ (decline in democratic quality), including in established democracies. Yet, the pandemic has also evinced democracy’s resilience in many ways. It has fuelled pro-democracy movements to challenge this authoritarian tide from Belarus to Myanmar. Protests over climate change and racial inequality have gone global, despite restrictions on assembly in most countries during the pandemic. Many states have adhered to democratic principles during the public health crisis, thanks to transparent and innovative governance. This Report provides lessons and recommendations that governments, political and civic actors, and international democracy assistance providers should consider in order to counter the concerning trends in the erosion of democracy, and to foster its resilience and deepening. International IDEA’s Global State of Democracy Reports review the state of democracy around the world. Access the digital version to download PDFs or read online. The 2021 edition covers developments in 2020 and 2021, with democratic trends since 2015 used as a contextual reference. This report has a global focus, and it is accompanied by four regional reports that provide more in-depth analysis of trends and developments in Africa and the Middle East; the Americas; Asia and the Pacific; and Europe. It is also accompanied by three thematic papers that allow more in-depth analysis and recommendations on how to manage electoral processes and emergency law responses, and how democracies and non-democracies fared based on lessons learned from the pandemic. The reports draw on data from the Global State of Democracy (GSoD) Indices and lessons learned from International IDEA’s on-the ground technical assistance to understand the current democracy landscape. The 2021 reports also draw heavily on data collected by International IDEA’s Global Monitor of Covid-19’s Impact on Democracy and Human Rights.
Relationship Between Critical Thinking Skills and Students' Decision-Making Skills on Virus Materials In MAN 1 Tasikmalaya
Authors: Lutfia Fajriah  , Surahman Endang , Mustofa Romy Faisal
Published: November 2021

This research aims to find out the relationship between critical thinking skills and students' decision-making skills on viral material in MAN 1 Tasikmalaya Regency. The research method used is correlational. The population in this study was all students of class X MIPA consisting of 8 classes. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling with samples class X MIPA 3, X MIPA 4, and X MIPA 5 with 107 students. Data collection techniques using instruments in the form of tests. The research instrument used in this study consists of two instruments, namely critical thinking skills instruments in the form of a question in the form of a description, as many as ten questions with five indicators. For the instrument of decision-making skills in the form of a question in the form of a description, as many as 12 questions with five indicators. The data analysis technique used is a bivariate correlation test. Based on the results of research shows that critical thinking skills have a weak relationship with decision-making skills. This is evidenced by a correlation coefficient value of 0.208 with a determination coefficient value of 4.3%. 

Keywords: Critical Thinking Skills, Decision Making Skills, Virus Material.
The Feasibility of Guided Inquiry Based Powtoon Video Media Submatter Pressure Organism
Authors: Inggriani Inggriani , Ningsih Kurnia , Tenriawaru Andi Besse
Published: November 2021

This research aims to determine the feasibility of a video powtoon learning media application based on guided inquiry submater application of the concept of substance pressure in organism as a learning media for students and to find responses by students to the powtoon video media. This research is Research and Development (R&D) research with the Borg and Gall development model which consists of ten stages, this research has only reached the seventh stage which includes potentials and problems, data collection, product design, product validation, design revisions, product trials, and product revisions. The instruments used were the media validation sheet and the student response questionnaire validation sheet which was validated by 5 validators and the student response questionnaire. The subjects were students of class XI SMP Negeri 3 Pontianak. The validation results obtained CVR and CVI values, namely 1 which has met the minimum limit of 0.99 so that it is declared valid. The product trial obtained an overall average score for aspects (cognition, affection, conation) which was 83,57% so it is categorized as very strong. It can be concluded that the powtoon video media based on guided inquiry sub material is suitable for use as a learning medium.
Asymptotic analysis and upper semicontinuity with respect to delay term of attractors to binary mixtures of solids
Authors: Freitas M.M. , Ramos A.J.A. , Dos Santos M.J. , Miranda L.G.R. , Almeida J.L.L.
Published: November 2021

We investigated the asymptotic dynamics of a nonlinear system modeling binary mixture of solids with delay term. Using the recent quasi-stability methods introduced by Chueshov and Lasiecka, we prove the existence, smoothness and finite dimensionality of a global attractor. We also prove the existence of exponential attractors. Moreover, we study the upper semicontinuity of global attractors with respect to small perturbations of the delay terms.
CAMGAN: Combining attention mechanism generative adversarial networks for cartoon face style transfer
Authors: Zhang Tao , Yu Long , Tian Shengwei
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we presents an apporch for real-world human face close-up images cartoonization. We use generative adversarial network combined with an attention mechanism to convert real-world face pictures and cartoon-style images as unpaired data sets. At present, the image-to-image translation model has been able to successfully transfer style and content. However, some problems still exist in the task of cartoonizing human faces:Hunman face has many details, and the content of the image is easy to lose details after the image is translated. the quality of the image generated by the model is defective. The model in this paper uses the generative adversarial network combined with the attention mechanism, and proposes a new generative adversarial network combined with the attention mechanism to deal with these problems. The channel attention mechanism is embedded between the upper and lower sampling layers of the generator network, to avoid increasing the complexity of the model while conveying the complete details of the underlying information. After comparing the experimental results of FID, PSNR, MSE three indicators and the size of the model parameters, the new model network proposed in this paper avoids the complexity of the model while achieving a good balance in the conversion task of style and content.
Anticholinergic Medication Burden in Parkinson’s Disease Outpatients
Authors: Nawaz Huma , Sargent Lana , Quilon Helengrace , Cloud Leslie J. , Testa Claudia M. , Snider Jon D. , Lageman Sarah K. , Baron Mark S. , Berman Brian D. , Zimmerman Kristin , Price Elvin T. , Mukhopadhyay Nitai D. , Barrett Matthew J.
Published: November 2021

Background: Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) may be especially vulnerable to future cognitive decline from anticholinergic medications. Objective: To characterize anticholinergic medication burden, determine the co-occurrence of anticholinergic and cholinesterase inhibitors, and to assess the correlations among anticholinergic burden scales in PD outpatients. Methods: We studied 670 PD outpatients enrolled in a clinic registry between 2012 and 2020. Anticholinergic burden was measured with the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale (ACB), Anticholinergic Drug Scale (ADS), Anticholinergic Risk Scale (ARS), and Drug Burden Index-Anticholinergic component (DBI-Ach). Correlations between scales were assessed with weighted kappa coefficients. Results: Between 31.5 to 46.3% of PD patients were taking medications with anticholinergic properties. Among the scales applied, the ACB produced the highest prevalence of medications with anticholinergic properties (46.3%). Considering only medications with definite anticholinergic activity (scores of 2 or 3 on ACB, ADS, or ARS), the most common anticholinergic drug classes were antiparkinsonian (8.2%), antipsychotic (6.4%), and urological (3.3%) medications. Cholinesterase inhibitors and medications with anticholinergic properties were co-prescribed to 5.4% of the total cohort. The most highly correlated scales were ACB and ADS (κ= 0.71), ACB and ARS (κ= 0.67), and ADS and ARS (κ= 0.55). Conclusion: A high proportion of PD patients (20%) were either taking antiparkinsonian, urological, or antipsychotic anticholinergic medications or were co-prescribed anticholinergic medications and cholinesterase inhibitors. By virtue of its detection of a high prevalence of anticholinergic medication usage and its high correlation with other scales, our data support use of the ACB scale to assess anticholinergic burden in PD patients.
Comparison studies of ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injection and balloon catheter dilatation in the treatment of neurogenic cricopharyngeal muscle dysfunction
Authors: Luan Shuo , Wu Shao-Ling , Xiao Ling-Jun , Yang Hai-Yun , Liao Mei-Xin , Wang Shao-Ling , Fan Sheng-Nuo , Ma Chao
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Cricopharyngeal muscle dysfunction (CPD) management has been challenging in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injection and balloon catheter dilatation in treating CPD. METHODS: Forty patients with CPD were randomly divided into two groups, namely the botulinum toxin injection group (BTX group) and balloon dilatation group (BD group). Patients in the BTX group received a single ultrasound-guided injection of 50 units of botulinum toxin type A, while the BD group received dilatation therapy five times per week, consecutively for two weeks. Relative opening percentage of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), the penetration-aspiration scale (PAS), and the Dysphagia Outcome Severity Scale (DOSS) were evaluated by a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) at baseline, 1-month, and 3-months posttreatment. The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) and Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA) were also used to evaluate participants’ swallowing function at baseline and the 1-week, 2-week, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups. RESULTS: A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model revealed the significant main effect for time in UES, PAS, DOSS, FOIS, and SSA compared to baseline (P <0.05), while no group-by-time interactions (except for the PAS assessment) or main effect for treatment was detected among the above multiple variances. No systematic complications or severe adverse effects were noted. CONCLUSION: Both ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type A injections and balloon dilatation therapy have been proven as safe and effective treatments for CPD patients. Future clinical trials with longer follow-up periods and more participants are warranted.
Changes in muscle architecture on ultrasound in patients early after stroke
Authors: Kim Jong Moon , Tay Matthew Rong Jie , Rajeswaran Deshan Kumar , Tham Shuen-Loong , Lui Wen Li , Kong Keng He
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Early muscle changes are believed to occur in patients with stroke. However, there are insufficient data on the changes in muscle mass and architecture of these patients. OBJECTIVES: This study investigates differences in ultrasound-derived muscle architecture parameters of the hemiplegic upper and lower limbs in patients with subacute stroke. METHODS: This is a prospective observational study, which recruited 40 adult patients who had experienced a first ever unilateral stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic), with a duration of < 1 month post stroke. The brachialis, vastus lateralis and medial gastrocnemius on both the hemiplegic and normal side were evaluated via ultrasound. We recorded clinical variables including Motricity Index, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM)-walk. RESULTS: We found reduced mean muscle thickness (p < 0.001) and increased echo intensity (p < 0.001) in the brachialis muscle, increased echo intensity (p = 0.002) in the vastus lateralis muscle, and reduced muscle thickness (p < 0.001) with increased echo intensity (p < 0.001) in the medial gastrocnemius muscle compared to the normal side. There were no significant correlations between ultrasound findings and Motricity Index. CONCLUSIONS: We report changes in ultrasound-derived muscle architecture in the hemiplegic limbs of patients with subacute stroke, with consistent findings of decreased muscle mass and increased echo intensity.
Pemberdayaan Kader Dalam Upaya Deteksi Dini Stunting di Kutu Kembangan Sidomulyo Bambanglipuro Bantul
Authors: Dwihestie Luluk Khusnul , Hidayati Ririn Wahyu
Published: November 2021

Persoalan gagal tumbuh pada anak (stunting) masih menjadi tantangan dalam pembangunan sumber daya manusia di Indonesia. Tahun 2020, angka kejadian stunting pada balita di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi, yakni 27,67 persen. Kasus stunting ini perlu mendapatkan perhatian, sebab stunting dapat berdampak pada kelainan tumbuh kembang anak secara irreversible (tidak dapat diubah), terganggunya fungsi kognitif, motorik, serta proses metabolisme, bahkan dapat menurunkan konsentrasi belajar. Pemerintah menargetkan penurunan angka stunting hingga 14 persen pada 2024. Untuk mempercepat penurunan stunting, Puskesmas dan Posyandu mempunyai peran penting dalam memantau pertumbuhan balita. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemberdayaan kader posyandu dalam deteksi dini stunting pada balita. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan yaitu menjelaskan solusi yang ditawarkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan mitra, melalui tahap persiapan dan koordinasi, pelaksanaan sosialisasi, simulasi dan evaluasi cara pengukuran tinggi badan balita. Para kader posyandu antusias mengikuti pelatihan deteksi dini stunting sebagai sarana peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan terkait cara pengukuran tinggi badan balita secara benar dan tepat, serta mampu menganalisis hasil pengukuran dan mengkategorikan balita stunting atau tidak stunting. Diharapkan kader posyandu dapat mengedukasi orangtua balita di wilayah Kutu Kembangan untuk rutin mengikuti posyandu guna memantau tumbuh kembang balita.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Tumbuhan Obat yang Dimanfaatkan oleh Pengobat Tradisional (Battra) Suku Dayak Mahap dan Suku Melayu di Desa Tembesuk Kabupaten Sekadau
Authors: Maharani Sofia Aliza , Tavita Gusti Eva , Yusro Fathul
Published: November 2021

The Malays and the Dayak are the dominant tribes in West Kalimantan. Different tribes have different species of plants or the way they use medicinal plants. This study aims to analyze the type, processing method, and the use method of medicinal plants by traditional healers (Battra) from the Malay and Dayak Mahap tribes in Tembesuk village, Sekadau Regency. This study used a survey method, and the selection of respondents (Batrra) was carried out by purposive sampling technique. In Tembesuk Village, 8 Battra consist of 5 Malays and 3 Dayak Mahap people. The results showed that 80 species of plants were used by Batrra in Tembesuk village. Sixty species are distributed in the Malay tribe traditional healers, while the Dayak Mahap tribe traditional healers use 35 species. The plant part with the highest uses are leaves (60% of the Malays and 64.44% of the Dayak Mahap). The most common processing method is boiled (41.54% of the Malays and 41.18% of the Dayak Mahap), the way of use is drunk (35.82% of the Malays, and 41.18% Dayak Mahap). Most of the plants are wild (66.67% Malay and 58.33% Dayak Mahap), and the plant family with extensive use is Zingiberaceae (six plants in Malay and five in Dayak Mahap).
Studi Penghematan Air pada Sistem Plambing Air Bersih di Apartemen Menara Cibinong Tower Mahoni
Authors: Muhamad Fuad , Wardhani Eka
Published: November 2021

The Cibinong Tower Mahoni Tower Apartment located in Bogor Regency is a residential residence consisting of 21 floors. Apartment development is influenced by the need for housing which continues to increase along with the rate of population growth and limited land. The impact of apartment construction will affect the availability of clean water in the future due to an increase in the need for clean water. West Java Provincial Regulation Number 13 of 2013 concerning Buildings requires developers to carry out water efficiency. Referring to the regulation, this apartment implements water conservation based on the Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) concept which aims to save water use. The research method used is the use of water-saving plumbing features which aims to find out how efficient the use of water is. Based on the results of the study, the population in the Cibinong Tower Mahoni Tower Apartment was 794 people with clean water needs of 67,366.68 l/day. The use of water-saving plumbing equipment can save water use by 6.01% or 4,060.71 l/day.
Karakteristik Membran Komposit Polietersulfon, Polivinilpirolidon dan Kitosan
Authors: Fadli Muhammad , Khausar Al , Sofyana Sofyana , Fathanah Ummi
Published: November 2021

Polyethersulfone (PES) is a membrane forming material that has many advantages but is hydrophobic, so it is necessary to add other materials, such as composite PES with Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and chitosan. The addition of PVP aims to change the nature of the PES membrane to be hydrophilic and the addition of chitosan aims to improve the mechanical properties of the polymer. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of adding PVP and chitosan to the characteristics of PES membranes. The membranes were made using a phase inversion technique by immersion precipitation with a concentration of 20% PES, 1% PVP, and chitosan were varied, namely 0% (M0 membrane), 1.5% (M1), 2% (M2), and 3% (M3). The results of the permeability test showed that the membranes M0, M1, M2, and M3 are classified as nanofiltration membranes with Lp values of 9.1237, 7.618, 6.9651, and 4.4077 L/m2.h.bar. The swelling degree value is 61,512; 103.111; 145,564; and 158.610% and the overall porosity value is 22.892; 32.360; 80.726; and 117.016%. The SEM test showed that the morphology of the membrane changed its structure as the concentration of chitosan increased. The FTIR test on the membrane showed that there were absorption bands, each of which identified its functional group.