bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Myanmar’s Land Cover Change and Its Driving Factors during 2000–2020
Authors: Wang Yiming , Hu Yunfeng , Niu Xiaoyu , Yan Huimin , Zhen Lin
Published: January 2023

Land use/cover change (LUCC) research occupies an important place in the study of global change. It is important for the ecological protection and long-term development of a place. Current research is lacking in the study of dynamic changes at the national level in Myanmar over long time periods and sequences. Quantitative research on the driving factors of LUCC is also lacking. This paper uses the GLC_FCS30 (Global Land-Cover product with Fine Classification System) dataset and socio-economic statistical data in Myanmar to conduct the study. The dynamic change process of LUC (land use/cover) was investigated using the land use dynamic degree, land use transfer matrix, and Sankey diagram. Principal component analysis was used to derive the main drivers of LUCC. The drivers were quantified using multiple linear stepwise regression analysis and specific factors were analyzed. The spatial scope of the study is Myanmar, and the temporal scope is 2000–2020. Results: (1) In 2020, the spatial distribution of LUC in Myanmar shows predominantly forests and croplands. Forests account for 56.64% of the country’s total area. Agricultural land accounts for 25.59% of the country’s total area. (2) Over the time scale of the study, the trend of LUCC in Myanmar showed significant shrinkage of evergreen broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest (a total shrinkage of −3.34 × 104 km2) and expansion of the other land types. (3) Over the time scale of the study, the dynamic changes in LUCC in Myanmar most occurred as an interconversion between two land types, such as between cropland and deciduous broad-leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest and shrubland, deciduous broad-leaved forest and shrubland, evergreen broad-leaved forest and evergreen needle-leaved forest, and evergreen broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest. (4) The dynamics of LUC in Myanmar is mainly influenced by the socio-economic level of the country. Among them, the impact of agricultural level is the most obvious. Specifically, Myanmar’s LUCC is mainly driven by urban population, urbanization rate, industrial value added, food production, and total population. Our research will enable the Myanmar government to make more scientific and rational land management and planning and to make more informed decisions. After understanding the basic situation of LUCC in Myanmar, the hydrological effects, biodiversity changes, and ecological service function changes due to land change in the region can be explored. This is the direction of future research.
Assessment of The Effect of Stress, Sociodemographic Variables and Work-Related Factors on Rationing of Nursing Care
Authors: Schneider-Matyka Daria , Świątoniowska-Lonc Natalia , Polański Jacek , Szkup Małgorzata , Grochans Elżbieta , Jankowska-Polańska Beata
Published: January 2023

(1) Rationing of nursing care is withholding, limiting or not fulfilling the necessary nursing activities for patients. It may have a negative effect on patient safety and the quality of care. The aim of the present paper is the assessment of the effect of stress on the rationing of nursing care. (2) The current research has a cross-sectional, observational design. The study sample comprised 567 nurses. The following questionnaires were used in the study PIRNCA and PSS-10. (3) It was demonstrated that nurses with a high level of perceived stress rationed nursing care to a greater extent and showed lower assessment of nursing care and lower job satisfaction in comparison with nurses with average and low levels of perceived stress. (4) 1. Stress in nurses has a negative effect on rationing of nursing care and job satisfaction. It is recommended that actions aimed at developing effective stress coping skills be implemented as early as at the stage of training to become a nurse. 2. Factors such as marital status, sex, form of employment, place of employment and the level of professional burnout syndrome may have an influence on the level of experienced stress. In turn, the level of experienced stress, marital status, education, place of work as well as the place of residence may have an effect on rationing of nursing care and, consequently, affect the quality of care.
Levels of Somatic Anxiety, Cognitive Anxiety, and Self-Efficacy in University Athletes from a Spanish Public University and Their Relationship with Basic Psychological Needs
Authors: Mercader-Rubio Isabel , Ángel Nieves Gutiérrez , Silva Sofia , Brito-Costa Sónia
Published: January 2023

Research on self-efficacy, cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety provides fundamental information to early identify weak areas in the training of athletes and to implement actions that contribute to the improvement and maintenance of sporting activities. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between anxiety (somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety and self-efficacy) and basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy and relationship with others). The sample was composed of 165 university students enrolled in courses related to physical activity and sport sciences, with a mean age of 20.33 years (SD = 3.44), studying in a Spanish public university located in Almeria, in the southeast of Spain (Andalusia). The main findings showed the existence of a continuous and effective relationship between self-efficacy and basic psychological needs. While there was no positive and direct relationship between cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety and autonomy, there was a direct and positive relationship between cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety and competence and the relationship with others. Therefore, the results obtained showed that a more positive form of motivation would be autonomous motivation, as it helps to interpret the perception of self-efficacy, favoring performance in competition, whereas controlled motivation has the opposite effect. The importance of this research resides in the fact that it shows that within the sports field, an athlete’s self-perception has an indirect negative effect on pre-competitive somatic anxiety, and the link in this relationship is task orientation and the absence of demotivation towards sport. Despite this, the same effect on cognitive anxiety was not produced.
Description of the Exposure of the Most-Followed Spanish Instamoms’ Children to Social Media
Authors: Garrido Felipe , Alvarez Alexandra , González-Caballero Juan Luis , Garcia Pilar , Couso Beatriz , Iriso Isabel , Merino Maria , Raffaeli Genny , Sanmiguel Patricia , Arribas Cristina , Vacaroaia Alex , Cavallaro Giacomo
Published: January 2023

There is evidence of the risk of overexposure of children on social networks by parents working as influencers. A cross-sectional study of the profiles of the sixteen most-followed Instamoms in Spain was carried out. An analysis of these profiles was performed over a full month (April 2022), three times a week, to describe the representation of influencers’ children in the posts shared by them, as well as their role in the Instamoms’ marketing. A total of 192 evaluations of the profiles were performed in the study period. The average number of children exposed by an Instamom was three, generally preschoolers and schoolchildren. The children appear in a context of the family home and accompanied by their mother. The type of advertising that accompanies the appearance of underage children is usually women or children’s clothing, but also food products, leisure, etc. Appearance of children in the posts had a statistically significant influence on followers measured by the number of likes. Results provided the identification of two Instamom clusters with differentiated behaviors in relation to appearance of children in posts. It is important to involve Social Pediatrics in the protection of the privacy and interests of children given the increase in sharenting. The authors believe that there are concerns about their explicit consent to public exposure from early childhood and about the medium and long-term effect that this may have on their future well-being.
Exposure to Respirable Particulate Matter and Its Association with Respiratory Outcomes in Beauty Salon Personnel
Authors: Vinnikov Denis , Romanova Zhanna , Raushanova Aizhan , Beisbekova Arailym , Vitale Ermanno , Bimuratova Gulnar , Rapisarda Venerando
Published: January 2023

We aimed to assess exposure to respirable particulate matter (PM) of beauty salon personnel, identify its determinants and ascertain the associated respiratory effects. We collected 122 full-day respirable PM samples from 12 beauty salons (floor area ranging from 24 to 550 m3, staff from 4 to 8) in Almaty, Kazakhstan, taking 10 samples from each place using a portable SidePak AM520 monitor. We also assessed lifestyle (smoking, etc.), respiratory symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQL) of the personnel using questionnaires. Out of 11,831 5-min data points, daily median respirable PM concentrations were highly variable and ranged from 0.013 to 0.666 mg/m3 with 8.5-times difference in the median concentrations between the venue with the highest median (0.29 mg/m3) and the least median (0.034 mg/m3). In a multivariate linear regression modelling, ambient PM2.5 concentration was the strongest predictor of daily median respirable PM concentration (beta 2.12; 95% CI 1.89; 2.39), and R2 of the model was 0.63. We also found a positive association of the median respirable PM with respiratory symptoms and seasonal allergy, but not with HRQL. Short-term respirable PM levels in the beauty salons may be very high, but the median concentrations are mainly determined by the ambient air pollution.
Influence of Social Exclusion on Cool and Hot Inhibitory Control in Chinese College Students
Authors: Peng Suhao , Ruan Xinhui , Tao Dan , Xuan Bin
Published: January 2023

Social exclusion can affect nearly every aspect of a person’s mental health, both on an emotional and cognitive level. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether cool or hot inhibitory control capacity varied under social exclusion. More precisely, participants who had experienced and not experienced social exclusion were compared to explore the influence of social exclusion on cool and hot inhibitory controls. Social exclusion was induced through the use of a Cyberball game, and participants were divided into an exclusion group and an inclusion group. The number Stroop task and emotional face Stroop task were used to measure the cool and hot inhibitory control, respectively. In the cool Stroop task, participants had to refrain from reading printed digits to identify the number of items presented in the array. In the hot Stroop task, participants had to inhibit the meaning of the word to identify the emotion displayed on the face. Reaction time, accuracy, and Stroop interference were analyzed to compare the inhibitory control between the exclusion group and the inclusion group. The results showed an extension of the response time in the exclusion group compared to the inclusion group. We found a higher interference effect in the number of Stroop tasks in the exclusion group than that in the inclusion group, but it was not significant in the emotional face Stroop task. The results suggest that the cognitive and emotional basis of inhibitory control may differ during social exclusion. The present findings expand our understanding of how social exclusion affects cool and hot inhibitory controls and their internal psychological mechanism.
A Study on the Relationship between Internet Overdependence and Anger Response among Young Adults during COVID-19 Pandemic: Moderating Effect on Negative Emotions
Authors: Kang Sun Kyung , Kwon Jin , Kim Kwanghyun
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study is to examine how Internet dependence affects anger responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Owing to social distancing policies, Internet dependence has intensified, and the prevalence of anger has significantly increased. To understand this phenomenon and draw some implications, the “frustration–aggression hypothesis” was utilized for the theoretical framework and anger response was categorized into functional and dysfunctional anger responses. An analysis shows that overdependence on the Internet has a positive effect on the dysfunctional anger response. At the same time, other negative emotions replace anger, reducing the possibility of a dysfunctional anger response. Accordingly, a need for a constant effort to understand the circumstances of the young generation living in the “new normal” is emphasized; moreover, this paper suggests some theoretical and practical implications.
Developing and Testing a Smartphone Application to Enhance Adherence to Voice Therapy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Angadi Vrushali , Chih Ming-Yuan , Stemple Joseph
Published: January 2023

The present study aimed to develop a smartphone application (app) that addressed identified barriers to success in voice therapy; accessibility, and poor adherence to home practice. The study objectives were (1) to investigate if app use enhanced adherence to the home practice of voice therapy and (2) to test app usability. Maximizing the effectiveness of voice therapy is vital as voice disorders are detrimental to personal and professional quality of life. A single-blinded randomized clinical trial was completed for the first objective. Participants included normophonic individuals randomly assigned to the app group or the traditional group. The primary outcome measure was adherence measured as the number of missed home practice tasks. The second objective was completed through usability testing and a focus group discussion. The app group (n = 12) missed approximately 50% less home practice tasks as compared to the traditional group (n = 13) and these results were statistically significant (p = 0.04). Dropout rates were comparable between the two groups. Usability results were positive for good usability with high perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. App use resulted in improved adherence to home practice tasks. App usability results were positive, and participants provided specific areas of improvement which are achievable. Areas for improvement include app engagement and willingness to pay.
Antimicrobial Effects of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on Oral Microcosm Biofilms
Authors: Lee Jiyeon , Cho Sungbo , Kim Hee-Eun
Published: January 2023

We comparatively evaluated the antibacterial effects of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) on oral microcosm biofilms. Oral microcosm biofilms, which are derived from inoculation with human saliva, were cultured on 48 hydroxyapatite disks for 6 days. The prepared biofilms were divided into three different daily treatment groups: distilled water for 1 min, 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) for 1 min, and NTAPP for 5 min. Using a quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital camera, the red fluorescence intensity of the biofilms was measured as red/green ratios (RatioR/G) before and after treatment. Total and aciduric bacteria were counted as colony-forming units. Using live/dead bacterial staining, bacterial viability was calculated as the RatioG/G+R. RatioR/G was approximately 0.91-fold lower in the NTAPP group than in the CHX group on day 1 of treatment (p = 0.001), and approximately 0.94-fold lower on both days 2 and 3 (p < 0.001). The number of total bacteria was higher in the NTAPP group than in the CHX group, but not significantly different. The number of aciduric bacteria was lowest in the CHX group (p < 0.001). However, bacterial viability was lowest in the NTAPP group. Restricted bacterial aggregation was observed in the NTAPP group. These findings suggest that NTAPP may more effectively reduce the pathogenicity of oral microcosm biofilms than 0.12% CHX.
Association of Perceived Neighbourhood Walkability with Self-Reported Physical Activity and Body Mass Index in South African Adolescents
Authors: Wayas Feyisayo A. , Smith Joanne A. , Lambert Estelle V. , Guthrie-Dixon Natalie , Wasnyo Yves , West Sacha , Oni Tolu , Foley Louise
Published: January 2023

Adolescence is a life stage critical to the establishment of healthy behaviours, including physical activity (PA). Factors associated with the built environment have been shown to impact PA across the life course. We examined the sociodemographic differences in, and associations between, perceived neighbourhood walkability, PA, and body mass index (BMI) in South African adolescents. We recruited a convenience sample (n = 143; 13–18 years; 65% female) of students from three high schools (middle/high and low-income areas). Participants completed a PA questionnaire and the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS)-Africa and anthropometry measurements. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine various relationships. We found that, compared with adolescents living in middle/high income neighbourhoods, those living in low-income neighbourhoods had lower perceived walkability and PA with higher BMI percentiles. The associations between neighbourhood walkability and PA were inconsistent. In the adjusted models, land use diversity and personal safety were associated with club sports participation, street connectivity was positively associated with school sports PA, and more favourable perceived walkability was negatively associated with active transport. Overall, our findings suggest that the perceived walkability of lower income neighbourhoods is worse in comparison with higher income neighbourhoods, though the association with PA and BMI is unclear.
Boron Exposure Assessment of Desalinated Seawater on an Island in China
Authors: Dong Shaoxia , Shi Juexin , Liu Yuan , Qu Yingli , Zhao Xin , Liu Fengping , Du Peng , Sun Zongke
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to investigate the boron level in drinking water and daily boron intake of island residents, and to have a health risk assessment of the boron exposure. One-year water boron surveillance was made through the 18 selected sampling sites (5 finished water and 13 tap water) covered by 5 water treatment plants with different water sources. We recruited 220 healthy volunteers (half men and half women) from 89 families covering all age groups living in Shengshan to provide basic information and living habits. One-third of the families attended the daily food boron intake evaluation through the double meal method for three days. In each family, only one family member provided the food samples. Urine samples were collected from all subjects to get the urine boron level. Furthermore, we used the EPA model and TDI for health risk assessments. The boron level in finished water and tap water with different sources were 0.68–1.46 mg/L and 0.62–1.26 mg/L for desalinated water, 0.30–0.39 mg/L and 0.20–0.50 mg/L for reservoir water, and 0.32–0.43 mg/L and 0.20–0.79 mg/L for mixture water. The average level of water boron intake, diet boron intake, and total boron intake was 0.113 ± 0.127 mg/d, 1.562 ± 0.927 mg/d, 1.674 ± 0.939mg/d, respectively, for the select sampling subjects. There were no significant differences in total boron intake for different age groups (1.685 ± 1.216 mg/d vs. 1.669 ± 0.793 mg/d for <45 yrs vs. ≥45 yrs, p = 0.968) and gender groups (1.754 ± 1.009 mg/d vs. 1.633 ± 0.923 mg/d for male vs. female, p = 0.735). Urine boron concentrations were similar in the two age groups (1.938 mg/g creatinine vs. 1.762 mg/g creatinine for <45 yrs vs. ≥45 yrs, p = 0.635). There were significant differences in urinary boron between males and females (1.569 mg/g creatinine vs. 2.148 mg/g creatinine, p = 0.018). The largest hazard quotient (HQ) of drinking water was 0.31, and the total boron exposures in this population were 0.03 mg/kg bw per day. The study showed that there was no possible non-carcinogenic risk of water boron exposure and lower health risk of total boron exposure to humans in this region, but its toxicity should not be ignored. The subsequent studies should strengthen the analysis of the subgroup populations.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of New Honey Varietals
Authors: Kunat-Budzyńska Magdalena , Rysiak Anna , Wiater Adrian , Grąz Marcin , Andrejko Mariola , Budzyński Michał , Bryś Maciej S. , Sudziński Marcin , Tomczyk Michał , Gancarz Marek , Rusinek Robert , Ptaszyńska Aneta A.
Published: January 2023

Due to a widespread occurrence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic strains of bacteria, there is an urgent need to look for antimicrobial substances, and honey with its antimicrobial properties is a very promising substance. In this study, we examined for the first time antimicrobial properties of novel varietal honeys, i.e., plum, rapeseed, Lime, Phacelia, honeydew, sunflower, willow, and multifloral-P (Prunus spinosa L.), multifloral-AP (Acer negundo L., Prunus spinosa L.), multifloral-Sa (Salix sp.), multifloral-Br (Brassica napus L.). Their antimicrobial activity was tested against bacteria (such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus circulans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), yeasts (such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans) and mold fungi (such as Aspergillus niger). In tested honeys, phenolic acids constituted one of the most important groups of compounds with antimicrobial properties. Our study found phenolic acids to occur in greatest amount in honeydew honey (808.05 µg GAE/g), with the highest antifungal activity aiming at A. niger. It was caffeic acid that was discovered in the greatest amount (in comparison with all phenolic acids tested). It was found in the highest amount in such honeys as phacelia—356.72 µg/g, multifloral (MSa) and multifloral (MBr)—318.9 µg/g. The highest bactericidal activity against S. aureus was found in multifloral honeys MSa and MBr. Additionally, the highest amount of syringic acid and cinnamic acid was identified in rapeseed honey. Multifloral honey (MAP) showed the highest bactericidal activity against E. coli, and multifloral honey (MSa) against S. aureus. Additionally, multifloral honey (MBr) was effective against E. coli and S. aureus. Compounds in honeys, such as lysozyme-like and phenolic acids, i.e., coumaric, caffeic, cinnamic and syringic acids, played key roles in the health-benefit properties of honeys tested in our study.
Microplastics in the Atmosphere and Water Bodies of Coastal Agglomerations: A Mini-Review
Authors: Bao Mengrong , Xiang Xiaoqin , Huang Jianshi , Kong Lingwei , Wu Juan , Cheng Shuiping
Published: January 2023

Microplastics are ubiquitously in various environments from the equator to the poles. Coastal agglomerations act as both a source and sink connecting the global microplastic cycles of oceans and continents. While the problem of microplastics is particularly severe and complex in the coastal zones, where both inland and marine pollution are concentrated, the present study aimed to provide hot topics and trends of coastal urban microplastic studies and to review the researches on microplastic pollution in the atmosphere and water bodies in coastal agglomerations in terms of characteristics, behavior, and health threat of microplastics. The results of the bibliometric analysis showed an increase in the annual output of microplastic research. Research hot topics and clusters were analyzed using the VOSviewer. Characteristics of microplastics varied in abundance, size, and polymer type in different environments and countries. Furthermore, coastal cities are taken as a system to sort out the input, output, and internal transmission pathways of microplastics. The health threat of microplastics to urban residents was briefly reviewed and the exposure and health risks of microplastics to infants and young children were of particular concern. Detailed and comprehensive studies on intervention and reduction in the transmission of microplastics between the atmosphere and water bodies, whether microplastics are harmful to infants and young children, and measures to reduce the risk of microplastic exposure are needed.
The Effectiveness of Local Governments’ Policies in Response to Climate Change: An Evaluation of Structure Planning in Arden, Melbourne
Authors: He Jiawen , Xie Xinting , Luo Fengchen , Zhong Yanfen , Wang Ting
Published: January 2023

It is widely acknowledged that climate change has caused serious environmental issues, including drought, bushfires, floods, and heatwaves, and urban sustainability is currently seriously threatened as a result. Arden is one of the key urban regeneration areas set to experience dramatic residential changes under Melbourne’s development blueprint within the next 20 years. The Arden Structure Plan (2022) outlines specific implementation steps but does not go into detail about the strategies and tactics used to address climate change and urban sustainability. Therefore, there are still problems with the plan, including a lack of information and time-bound development targets, ambiguous public engagement, little focus on urban crime, and insufficient climate change adaptation measures. The plan also considers affordable housing, a mixed-use development pattern that will significantly decrease environmental harm, and active transportation options, primarily walking and bicycling. Considering climate change, this plan will make Arden a suitable location for population growth. This paper aims to evaluate the Arden Structure Plan and make recommendations on how to improve the plan’s urban sustainability and climate change considerations. Furthermore, it provides guidance on whether Arden is a suitable location for Melbourne’s population growth in light of the climate change impacts anticipated to occur by 2100.
Assessing Quality of Life in First- and Second-Generation Immigrant Children and Adolescents; Highlights from the DIATROFI Food Aid and Healthy Nutrition Promotion Program
Authors: Diamantis Dimitrios V. , Stavropoulou Iliana , Katsas Konstantinos , Mugford Lyndsey , Linos Athena , Kouvari Matina
Published: January 2023

To compare first- and second-immigrant pediatric populations with a non-immigrant pediatric population in terms of quality-of-life metrics, a cross-sectional analysis using data from the DIATROFI Program was implemented. In total, n = 2277 students (mean age: 9(4) years) from public schools in Greece participating in the 2020–2021 school year were analyzed. The students’ immigration status (first-generation/second-generation) was defined as per the standard definition. The students’ health related-quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using a parental-perceived quality of life questionnaire. The sample included 4.8% first-generation and 21.2% second-generation immigrant students. Compared with non-immigrants, the first-generation immigrant students were more likely to have poor HRQoL (odds ratio (OR) = 2.82; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 11.75, 4.53), physical (OR = 1.91; 95%CI = 1.18, 3.10), social (OR = 1.94; 95%CI = 1.16, 3.22) and school function (OR = 2.52; 95%CI = 1.54, 4.13). Similar results were observed for second-generation immigrant students regarding HRQoL (OR = 1.68; 95%CI = 1.28, 2.21), physical (OR = 1.60; 95%CI = 1.23, 2.10) and school function (OR = 2.09; 95%CI = 1.58, 2.77). Children with one parent having a country of origin different that the country of residence had elevated odds of having poor emotional health (OR = 1.19; 95%CI = 0.87, 1.64). The family’s affluency level was interrelated with the connection of poor HRQoL and immigration status. The immigrant students have a poorer quality of life depending on their immigration generation and irrespective of their socioeconomic background.
Changes in Body Composition and Motor Fitness of Young Female Volleyball Players in an Annual Training Cycle
Authors: Sieroń Adrian , Stachoń Aleksandra , Pietraszewska Jadwiga
Published: January 2023

Background: Modern volleyball requires a high level of motor preparation, specific body build and optimal body composition. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine changes in body build, body composition and motor skills in young volleyball female players during an annual training cycle. Methods: The research group was comprised of 36 female athletes aged 14–16 years, who were monitored throughout a whole season using a longitudinal study design. Body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Motor fitness was assessed with the following tests: vertical jumping tests (based on one-handed and two-handed reach, standing vertical jump and running vertical jump), standing long jump and 2 kg medicine ball throw. Measurements were carried out at the beginning of the preparatory period, after its completion, in the middle of the start period, at the end of the start period and during transition periods. Results: The study showed significant changes in body composition and motor fitness level during the annual training cycle. These changes differ in subsequent periods of the macrocycle. The most pronounced changes occurred after the preparatory period and concerned increases in fat-free mass, total water content and cell mass. A significant reduction in fat content was also noted at this point. Conclusions: Systematic monitoring of morpho-functional changes in young female volleyball players over extended periods provides them a chance to maintain their optimal fitness level.
Navigating Neighbourhood Opposition and Climate Change: Feasibility and Acceptability of a Play Street Pilot in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Chau Josephine Y. , Dharmayani Putu Novi Arfirsta , Little Helen
Published: January 2023

Background: Play Streets are community-led initiatives that provide opportunities for outdoor play and recreation when parks or other facilities may not be easily accessible. This pragmatic evaluation aims to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a pilot Play Street in Inner West Sydney. Methods: We used a post-only mixed methods design. Brief intercept surveys with pilot Play Street visitors assessed their reasons for attending the event and perceptions thereof. Semi-structured interviews explored stakeholders’ experiences related to planning and implementing Play Streets. Results: Approximately 60 adults and children attended the pilot Play Street. The majority of survey respondents (n = 32) were female, aged 35–54, lived in the Play Street’s postcode, and visited in groups consisting of adults and children. Overall respondents rated the pilot positively in enjoyment (100%), safety (97%), and organisation (81%), although there were significant differences between certain demographic subgroups in the perception of organisation and the children’s enjoyment of the pilot Play Street. Stakeholder interviews (n = 2) highlighted the importance of community consultation and reaching compromises, noting concerns about safety and insurance costs, and emphasised the role of Council as a facilitator to help residents take ownership of Play Streets. Delays due to community concerns, poor air quality arising from bushfires, heavy rain on the event day, and COVID-19 lockdowns hindered pilot Play Street implementation and evaluation. Conclusion: This pilot demonstrated that Play Streets are a feasible and acceptable way to use streets as outdoor recreation spaces in Sydney’s Inner West. The evaluation highlights two elements for future sustainability: managing neighbourhood opposition and adapting to climate change.
Are Fermented Foods Effective against Inflammatory Diseases?
Authors: Paul Alok K. , Lim Chooi Ling , Apu Md. Aminul Islam , Dolma Karma G. , Gupta Madhu , de Lourdes Pereira Maria , Wilairatana Polrat , Rahmatullah Mohammed , Wiart Christophe , Nissapatorn Veeranoot
Published: January 2023

Fermented foods have been used over the centuries in various parts of the world. These foods are rich in nutrients and are produced naturally using various biological tools like bacteria and fungi. Fermentation of edible foods has been rooted in ancient cultures to keep food for preservation and storage for a long period of time with desired or enhanced nutritional values. Inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and chronic inflammatory pain are chronic disorders that are difficult to treat, and current treatments for these disorders fail due to various adverse effects of prescribed medications over a long period of time. Fermented foods containing probiotic bacteria and fungi can enhance the immune system, improve gastrointestinal health, and lower the risk of developing various inflammatory diseases. Foods prepared from vegetables by fermentation, like kimchi, sauerkraut, soy-based foods, or turmeric, lack proper clinical and translational experimental studies. The current review has focused on the effectiveness of various fermented foods or drinks used over centuries against inflammation, arthritis, and oxidative stress. We also described potential limitations on the efficacies or usages of these fermented products to provide an overarching picture of the research field.
A Systematic Narrative Review of Implementation, Processes, and Outcomes of Human Library
Authors: Lam Gary Yu Hin , Wong Hei Ting , Zhang Mengge
Published: January 2023

First started in Denmark in 2000, Human Library (HL) has been adopted by different communities around the world. It is an innovative approach that engages “readers” from the general public to have collaborative conversations with “books” from minority or marginalized communities to learn about their lived experiences and reduce public stigma and stereotypes. While the HL is popularized, its research base and implementation structure remain limited. This systematic narrative review aims to review the HL literature to (1) summarize the design, implementation, processes, and outcomes of existing HL programs and (2) synthesize recommendations for future implementation of more effective, ethical, and sensible HL. A systematic search in eight electronic databases yielded 23 journal articles and book chapters about HL published from 2010 to 2022. The identified literature demonstrated variations in format, venue, scale, preparation, and recruitment. A wide range of books with different social identities and from different cultural groups were reported, while readers were mostly from university and school communities. Reduced prejudices and improved attitudes were reported in readers, while both readers and books reported various facets of personal growth. Future HL using implementation guidelines with clearly articulate ethical considerations and diverse rigorous research methodologies are recommended.
In Vivo Optical Imaging of Bladder Cancer Tissues in an MB49 Bladder Cancer Orthotopic Mouse Model Using the Intravesical or Intravenous Administration of Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probe
Authors: Teranishi Katsunori
Published: January 2023

Bladder cancer was the twelfth most common cancer worldwide in 2020. Although bladder cancer has been diagnosed using macroscopic techniques, such as white-light cystoscopy and fluorescence blue-light cystoscopy, there is a need to explore more effective noninvasive optical imaging techniques for accurate bladder cancer diagnosis. This study demonstrates the high effectiveness of the near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) probe ASP5354, which has been developed for ureteral identification during in vivo diagnosis of bladder cancer in an MB49 bladder cancer orthotopic mouse model. After the intravesical injection of 2.4 μM ASP5354 followed by bladder rinsing with saline at 5 min post injection or intravenous administration of ASP5354 at 240 nmol/kg mouse body weight, followed by a waiting period of 5–24 h in mice, ASP5354 was absorbed specifically by cancerous tissue and not by normal tissues in the bladder. NIRF of ASP5354 in cancer tissues was detected using the NIRF imaging camera system. The NIRF clearly showed a boundary between cancerous and normal tissues. Therefore, ASP5354 provides noninvasive and specific optical in vivo imaging of MB49 bladder cancer using intravesical or intravenous injection of ASP5354. ASP5354 may allow for new diagnostic applications for bladder cancer in humans.
Changes in Plasma Metabolomic Profile Following Bariatric Surgery, Lifestyle Intervention or Diet Restriction—Insights from Human and Rat Studies
Authors: Balonov Ilja , Kurlbaum Max , Koschker Ann-Cathrin , Stier Christine , Fassnacht Martin , Dischinger Ulrich
Published: January 2023

Although bariatric surgery is known to change the metabolome, it is unclear if this is specific for the intervention or a consequence of the induced bodyweight loss. As the weight loss after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) can hardly be mimicked with an evenly effective diet in humans, translational research efforts might be helpful. A group of 188 plasma metabolites of 46 patients from the randomized controlled Würzburg Adipositas Study (WAS) and from RYGB-treated rats (n = 6) as well as body-weight-matched controls (n = 7) were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. WAS participants were randomized into intensive lifestyle modification (LS, n = 24) or RYGB (OP, n = 22). In patients in the WAS cohort, only bariatric surgery achieved a sustained weight loss (BMI −34.3% (OP) vs. −1.2% (LS), p ≤ 0.01). An explicit shift in the metabolomic profile was found in 57 metabolites in the human cohort and in 62 metabolites in the rodent model. Significantly higher levels of sphingolipids and lecithins were detected in both surgical groups but not in the conservatively treated human and animal groups. RYGB leads to a characteristic metabolomic profile, which differs distinctly from that following non-surgical intervention. Analysis of the human and rat data revealed that RYGB induces specific changes in the metabolome independent of weight loss.
An In-Situ Fabrication Method of ZnO and Other Zn(II) Compounds Containing Polypropylene Composites
Authors: Kupińska Katarzyna , Michalik Maciej , Krajenta Justyna , Bielicka Magda , Markiewicz Karolina Halina , Kalska-Szostko Beata , Wilczewska Agnieszka Zofia
Published: January 2023

This study investigated the methods of preparation of zinc oxide-polypropylene nanocomposites and their antibacterial properties. Seven solutions with ZnO nanoparticles or zinc ions were formulated as a PP additive. Two methods of ZnO NPs syntheses were carried out: (1) a modified hydrothermal method where a water solution of zinc acetate dihydrate, PEI, and ammonia were mixed with a final pH 11; (2) a thermal decomposition of a water solution of zinc acetate in the presence of PEI and ammonia using a two-screw extruder. During the experiments, the influence of various amounts of particle stabilizer, heating of the solutions, and the temperatures of the syntheses were examined. As a result, the simultaneous crystallization of ZnO in the extrusion process confirmed this method’s attractiveness from the application point of view. Fabricated PP-ZnO composite shows antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Impact of Hydrophobic Chains in Five-Coordinate Glucoconjugate Pt(II) Anticancer Agents
Authors: Annunziata Alfonso , Imbimbo Paola , Cucciolito Maria Elena , Ferraro Giarita , Langellotti Vincenzo , Marano Alessandra , Melchiorre Massimo , Tito Gabriella , Trifuoggi Marco , Monti Daria Maria , Merlino Antonello , Ruffo Francesco
Published: January 2023

This study describes new platinum(II) cationic five-coordinate complexes (1-R,R’) of the formula [PtR(NHC)(dmphen)(ethene)]CF3SO3 (dmphen = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), containing in their axial positions an alkyl group R (methyl or octyl) and an imidazole-based NHC-carbene ligand with a substituent R’ of variable length (methyl or octyl) on one nitrogen atom. The Pt–carbene bond is stable both in DMSO and in aqueous solvents. In DMSO, a gradual substitution of dmphen and ethene is observed, with the formation of a square planar solvated species. Octanol/water partitioning studies have revealed the order of hydrophobicity of the complexes (1-Oct,Me > 1-Oct,Oct > 1-Me,Oct > 1-Me,Me). Their biological activity was investigated against two pairs of cancer and non-cancer cell lines. The tested drugs were internalized in cancer cells and able to activate the apoptotic pathway. The reactivity of 1-Me,Me with DNA and protein model systems was also studied using UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence, and X-ray crystallography. The compound binds DNA and interacts in various ways with the model protein lysozyme. Remarkably, structural data revealed that the complex can bind lysozyme via non-covalent interactions, retaining its five-coordinate geometry.
Effect of Disulfiram on the Reproductive Capacity of Female Mice
Authors: Teng Mingming , Luo Yuan , Wang Chan , Lei Anmin
Published: January 2023

In the process of assisted reproduction, the high-oxygen in vitro environment can easily cause oxidative damage to oocytes. Disulfiram (DSF) can play an anti-oxidant or pro-oxidant role in different cells, and the effect of DSF on oocytes remains unclear. Moreover, it remains unclear whether the use of DSF in the early stages of pregnancy has a negative impact on the fetus. In this study, we found that DSF increased serum FSH levels and increased the ovulation rate in mice. Moreover, DSF enhanced the antioxidant capacity of oocytes and contributed to the success rate of in vitro fertilization. Moreover, the use of DSF in early pregnancy in mice increased the uterine horn volume and the degree of vascularization, which contributed to a successful pregnancy. In addition, it was found that DSF regulated the mRNA expression of angiogenesis-related genes (VEGF), follicular development-related genes (C1QTNF3, mTOR and PI3K), ovulation-related genes (MAPK1, MAPK3 and p38 MAPK) and antioxidant-related genes (GPX4 and CAT). These results indicate that DSF is helpful for increasing the antioxidant capacity of oocytes and the ovulation rate. In early pregnancy in mice, DSF promotes pregnancy by increasing the degree and volume of uterine vascularization.
Matrix Metallopeptidase-Gene Signature Predicts Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma Survival Outcomes
Authors: Liu Chia-Hsin , Di Yuanpu Peter
Published: January 2023

Tumor recurrence poses a significant challenge to the clinical management of stage I lung adenocarcinoma after curative surgical resection. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) increase expression and correlate with recurrence and metastasis in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer. However, the impact of MMPs on survival outcome varies, and their roles in patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma remain unclear. In two discovery cohorts, we first analyzed 226 stage I–II lung adenocarcinoma cases in the GSE31210 cohort using a clustering-based method and identified a 150-gene MMP cluster with increased expression in tumors associated with worse survival outcomes. A similar analysis was performed on 517 lung adenocarcinoma cases in the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. A 185-gene MMP cluster was identified, which also showed increased expression in tumors and correlated with poor survival outcomes. We further streamlined from the discovery cohorts a 36-gene MMP signature significantly associated with recurrence and worse overall survival in patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma after surgical resection. After adjusting for covariates, the high MMP-gene signature expression remained an independent risk factor. In addition, the MMP-gene signature showed enrichment in epidermal growth factor receptor wild-type lung tumors, especially for those with Kirsten rat sarcoma virus mutations. Using an independent validation cohort, we further validated the MMP-gene signature in 70 stage I lung adenocarcinoma cases. In conclusion, MMP-gene signature is a potential predictive and prognostic biomarker to stratify patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma into subgroups based on their risk of recurrence for aiding physicians in deciding the personalized adjuvant therapeutics.
Raman Spectroscopy as a Tool to Study the Pathophysiology of Brain Diseases
Authors: Terrones Oihana , Olazar-Intxausti June , Anso Itxaso , Lorizate Maier , Nieto-Garai Jon Ander , Contreras Francesc-Xabier
Published: January 2023

The Raman phenomenon is based on the spontaneous inelastic scattering of light, which depends on the molecular characteristics of the dispersant. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy and imaging allow us to obtain direct information, in a label-free manner, from the chemical composition of the sample. Since it is well established that the development of many brain diseases is associated with biochemical alterations of the affected tissue, Raman spectroscopy and imaging have emerged as promising tools for the diagnosis of ailments. A combination of Raman spectroscopy and/or imaging with tagged molecules could also help in drug delivery and tracing for treatment of brain diseases. In this review, we first describe the basics of the Raman phenomenon and spectroscopy. Then, we delve into the Raman spectroscopy and imaging modes and the Raman-compatible tags. Finally, we center on the application of Raman in the study, diagnosis, and treatment of brain diseases, by focusing on traumatic brain injury and ischemia, neurodegenerative disorders, and brain cancer.
Impact of Rhamnolipids (RLs), Natural Defense Elicitors, on Shoot and Root Proteomes of Brassica napus by a Tandem Mass Tags (TMTs) Labeling Approach
Authors: Pierre Elise , Marcelo Paulo , Croutte Antoine , Dauvé Morgane , Bouton Sophie , Rippa Sonia , Pageau Karine
Published: January 2023

The rapeseed crop is susceptible to many pathogens such as parasitic plants or fungi attacking aerial or root parts. Conventional plant protection products, used intensively in agriculture, have a negative impact on the environment as well as on human health. There is therefore a growing demand for the development of more planet-friendly alternative protection methods such as biocontrol compounds. Natural rhamnolipids (RLs) can be used as elicitors of plant defense mechanisms. These glycolipids, from bacteria secretome, are biodegradable, non-toxic and are known for their stimulating and protective effects, in particular on rapeseed against filamentous fungi. Characterizing the organ responsiveness to defense-stimulating compounds such as RLs is missing. This analysis is crucial in the frame of optimizing the effectiveness of RLs against various diseases. A Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) labeling of the proteins extracted from the shoots and roots of rapeseed has been performed and showed a differential pattern of protein abundance between them. Quantitative proteomic analysis highlighted the differential accumulation of parietal and cytoplasmic defense or stress proteins in response to RL treatments with a clear effect of the type of application (foliar spraying or root absorption). These results must be considered for further use of RLs to fight specific rapeseed pathogens.
Master-Key Regulators of Sex Determination in Fish and Other Vertebrates—A Review
Authors: Curzon Arie Yehuda , Shirak Andrey , Ron Micha , Seroussi Eyal
Published: January 2023

In vertebrates, mainly single genes with an allele ratio of 1:1 trigger sex-determination (SD), leading to initial equal sex-ratios. Such genes are designated master-key regulators (MKRs) and are frequently associated with DNA structural variations, such as copy-number variation and null-alleles. Most MKR knowledge comes from fish, especially cichlids, which serve as a genetic model for SD. We list 14 MKRs, of which dmrt1 has been identified in taxonomically distant species such as birds and fish. The identification of MKRs with known involvement in SD, such as amh and fshr, indicates that a common network drives SD. We illustrate a network that affects estrogen/androgen equilibrium, suggesting that structural variation may exert over-expression of the gene and thus form an MKR. However, the reason why certain factors constitute MKRs, whereas others do not is unclear. The limited number of conserved MKRs suggests that their heterologous sequences could be used as targets in future searches for MKRs of additional species. Sex-specific mortality, sex reversal, the role of temperature in SD, and multigenic SD are examined, claiming that these phenomena are often consequences of artificial hybridization. We discuss the essentiality of taxonomic authentication of species to validate purebred origin before MKR searches.