bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-step synthesis of imidazoles from Asmic (anisylsulfanylmethyl isocyanide)
Authors: Mueller Louis G , Chao Allen , AlWedi Embarek , Fleming Fraser F
Published: June 2021

Substituted imidazoles are readily prepared by condensing the versatile isocyanide Asmic, anisylsulfanylmethylisocyanide, with nitrogenous π-electrophiles. Deprotonating Asmic with lithium hexamethyldisilazide effectively generates a potent nucleophile that efficiently intercepts nitrile and imine electrophiles to afford imidazoles. In situ cyclization to the imidazole is promoted by the conjugate acid, hexamethyldisilazane, which facilitates the requisite series of proton transfers. The rapid formation of imidazoles and the interchange of the anisylsulfanyl for hydrogen with Raney nickel make the method a valuable route to mono- and disubstituted imidazoles.
Endometriosis Pathology Outline
Authors: Alwan Baidaa Abdulkareem
Published: June 2021

Endometriosis is the presence of tissue estrogen-dependent endometrial outside the uterine cavity. The two main symptoms are pain and infertility. It is a common disease, but the whole pathological mechanisms remain poorly understood. However, in addition to the two main pathological theories (implantation and metaplasia), new data have been added: inflammation and perinervous infiltration appear to be two major elements in the mechanism of pain. The basis of infertile process is not dependent on a mechanic cause, but also on disturbances in follicular generation and in fluid abnormality in the peritoneum
An In-Depth Analysis of The Data Mining Algorithms and Their Effective Applicability in Health and Biomedical Informatics
Authors: Tangri Deeya
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, the Health care industry is one of the fastest-growing industries. As we already know, health care has researched very widely, introducing many medical data that is not easy to mine. Data mining is an approach that helps to discover essential data from massive data or collection of data. So, in medical Science, there is a need for tools that help analyses the data, extract the significant result from massive data, and discover efficient use of information. Generally, three things are mandatory in medical for every patient. First is patient details, diagnosis and medications. Converting these data into a basic pattern for predicting the patient disease helps in early diagnosis. This research mainly focuses on the data mining approach, which is widely considered in the medical field.
THE IMPACT OF KWL STRATEGY ON COLLEGE EFL STUDENTS' READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Madhi Majid Bani
Published: June 2021

Iraqi EFL learners face difficulties in comprehending English language reading texts. It is well-established that the teaching strategies focusing on the nature of reading comprehension process are more effective than traditional methods when seeking to achieve a better comprehension of foreign language texts. This study investigates the impact of the KWL strategy on the college EFL students' reading comprehension achievement. KWL (Ogle, 1986) is an instructional reading method utilized to guide students while reading a text. Students brainstorm the whole thing they Know about a topic. This information is written down in the K column of a K-W-L chart. A list of questions about what they Want to Know about the topic is then developed. These questions are set out in the W column of the chart. During or after reading, students answer the questions that are in the W column. This new information that they have Learned is recorded in the L column of the K-W-L chart. To achieve the aim of this study, a sample selected randomly from the first-grade students, the department of English, Al-Imam Al-Kadhum Private University College, Misan, Iraq. Ninety-two males and females participated in the study and were distributed equally to an experimental group and a control group. Both groups were pretested to determine their achievement level and make sure that they are homogenous. The students in the experimental group were taught reading comprehension by the K.W.L strategy, while the control group were taught by a conventional method. Pre- and post-reading comprehension tests were managed to collect data. The data were analyzed using a two-sample t-test. The findings reveal the superiority of the experimental group students in the reading comprehension post-test over their peers in the control group. Therefore, the strategy can be beneficial for students’ reading comprehension.
This study is a call for teachers to utilize new strategies and techniques for teaching reading compr
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON IRAQI STOCK MARKET: AN EVENT TO STUDY METHODOLOGY
Authors: Chyad Azzam Khalid , Aljubori Dr. Ayad Taher
Published: June 2021

The research aims to study the impact of the economic crisis caused by the Corona pandemic on the Iraqi stock market by studying the event, specifically the impact of two pandemic events on the returns and volume of shares circulation, for companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange across sectors (banks - communications - insurance - services - Industry - Hotels and Tourism - Agriculture), and the Iraqi market for financial stocks represents the place of application, while the market sectors, which number (7), represent the research community, and the sample of the study of the impact of the pandemic on the market index, companies included in the Iraq Stock Exchange Index (SIX60) which Its number reached (60) companies from all market sectors, while the sample for studying the impact of the pandemic on the sector’s returns and trading volume in them was (102) companies representing all companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. Data and information were obtained from reports (daily, weekly and monthly) issued. From the Iraq Stock Exchange and the Securities Commission for the time period (2019-2020), and the financial methods represented by stock returns, trading volume and market momentum index were relied upon, and some statistical methods were adopted. For my description of (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and percentages), as well as inferential statistics methods (autocorrelation coefficient - simple regression - T-test - histogram - scatter plot - QQ chart) across applications (SPSS V25-Excle 2020- Py Charme2020) to compare Results and testing of research hypotheses. This is to determine the impact of the Corona pandemic (the first and second event) on the returns and trading of ordinary shares on the Iraq Stock Exchange.
DIE SATIRISCHE SPRACHE IM DEUTSCHEN UND IM ARABISCHEN EINE KONTRASTIVE STUDIE
Authors: Alzubaidy Ali H. Abdul Majid
Published: June 2021

Ich beschloss, einen Teil vom modernen alten Stil, zu studieren, um Ergebnisse, die die positiven und negativen Auswirkungen erklären, zu erzielen; Das heißt Ironie. In der Forschung wurden die rhetorische Sprache der Verspottung und Stilmittel in einigen Werken zweier internationaler Schriftsteller, vom Irak und von Deutschland psycholinguistisch analysiert und erklärt. Es handelt sich um die Auffindung der sprachlichen Unterschiede und der Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den Morphemen der Komponente. Welche Untersuchung wird darüber hinaus in dieser Forschung untersucht, um die adäquaten Äquivalente für die sarkastischen Ausdrücke in den beiden Sprachen herauszufinden?
Teil der Forschung dreht sich um die Sprache der Ironie auf einigen Sozial-Medien-Seiten, um das Ausmaß ihrer Auswirkungen auf das Unterbewusstsein des Empfängers zu bestimmen, nachdem eine Rede auf Aussagen in der Zeit der Korona-Epidemie psycholinguistisch erklärt und analysiert wurde.
TECHNICAL INTEGRATION AND ITS ROLE IN THE FORMAL DISPLAY OF INTERIOR DESIGN
Authors: Ahmed D: Salah Al-Din Qadir
Published: June 2021

The art of designing decoration in terms of aesthetics and its expressive symbolic connotations is mainly related to interior designs and its values based on formal relationships expressing its intellectual peculiarity in employment, as each of the designs is a mirror of a need and its tastes is not individual in itself, but according to an interactive relationship between the designer and the recipient on the one hand and between society As a whole . Through the formal appearance and content of artistic taste and design philosophy and the extent of the influence and influence of each on the other, especially that the interior designs are clearly subject to and affected by the social and economic environment and the development in the technical field, which formed as motives that gave the designer the ability to devise and innovate new systems resulting from his self-sensitivity to the components From which it derives the design idea In addition to its cultural and philosophical level, which are components and motives that depend on it in the design application, whether in the formations of the foundations and elements and their decorative aspects, they are basically linked to the need for new designs ranging from functional necessity to aesthetic necessity based on constructive relationships of shapes and building systems that support Its objective properties. Based on the foregoing, and through the researcher's review of a set of designs, he found that there is a problem standing in front of the concept of relationships that is taken away and the other by approaching the design construction in terms of structural relations and linkage and the meaning of integration based on the aesthetic and expressive dimensions and the need for compatibility with the functional goal If we take into account the concept of the resulting relationships and the investigator of aesthetic, expressive and functional values in the overall design achievement, and through that, the problem
THE ROLE OF INTERACTIVE MEDIA IN DEVELOPING INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN IRAQ AND CHINA
Authors: Radhi Adnan Hammood
Published: June 2021

The technological revolution in the field of communication has contributed to the overcoming of geographic space and political boundaries, and new media has brought about a structural change in the quality of quantity and quality in the media. What is meant by new media simply are digital media in order to distinguish them from traditional (interactive), interactive (Internet) and networked (digital) media.
We live in a new digital world in which communicative knowledge has increased, especially by boys and young men, and an interactive atmosphere has been created, as there are many media outlets, and the owners of messages have multiplied with them, and their media materials have varied, which include the chaff, the fat, the good, the bad, the truthful and the liar. Countries, researchers and specialists should search for the essence of these media in terms of form and content, especially in our Arab world which, unfortunately, is consumed and not innovated, and this is what makes us deepen the search for these means and know the content of the material they broadcast and verify their effects, the truth of those behind them, and determine the goals that They want to reach it, Shedding light on digital diplomacy and modern means of communication and its importance in political work and international relations is a very important issue, and how does it play this role? How can it be invested, and discover its ability to reach all segments of society
EFFECTIVE ADMINISTRATIVE PLANNING FOR THE IRAQI BASKETBALL FEDERATION FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE REFEREES WORKING
Authors: Mohammad Omar Saad , Hussein Prof Dr Hoda Hamid Abdul
Published: June 2021

The aim of the research is to identify the effective administrative planning process for the Iraqi Basketball Federation from the point of view of the working referees, where the research procedures were carried out on a sample chosen by the deliberate method and consisted of (15) international referees from workers in the Federation and through a special form and paragraphs related to the administrative work of the Federation, noting that An exploratory experiment was conducted on referees from Baghdad, numbering (3) referees outside the main sample, and after statistical treatments, the results showed great feasibility through an effective management planning process to achieve the goals previously set for the purpose of advancing the work of the Iraqi Basketball Federation.
Perfil epidemiológico de internações de epilepsia entre o período de 2015 a 2019 em Goiânia e sua relação com os casos no Brasil
Authors: Santos Jehovahnna Anttonioni , Pinheiro Elisama Pereira , Borges Maria Eduarda Da Silva
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Esclarecer a epidemiologia das notificações acerca das internações causadas pela epilepsia. Métodos:Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal, descritivo, quantitativo, com delineamento de tendência temporal, referente às internações por Epilepsia no município  de Goiânia no período de 2015 à 2019. Os dados foram coletados a partir do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS), por meio da plataforma DATASUS. Resultados: No Brasil, registrou-se 260.691 internações por epilepsia entre 2015 e 2019, em Goiás 6.698, e em Goiânia foram registradas 2.870 internações, em que em comparação aos anos, 2019 liderou com 22,40%, com 53,90% pertencente ao sexo masculino, seguindo as estimativas do Brasil (57,63%) e  de Goiás (56,33%). Em Goiânia, a cor parda obteve a maior parcela das taxas (37,59%), como em Goiás (36,11%), diferenciando apenas do Brasil, com maior número de brancos acometidos (34,43%), o caráter de atendimento foi de 99,82% na urgência, predominantemente em crianças de 1 a 4 anos (14,28%), mesma faixa etária em destaque no Brasil (17,34%), e em Goiás (13,15%). No Brasil, encontrou-se a marca de 6.089 óbitos, sendo 144 em Goiás, e 59 destes em Goiânia, com predomínio das idades entre 40 e 80 anos. Evidenciou-se a necessidade de maior atuação da atenção primária no encaminhamento de casos para o serviço especializado. Conclusão: Há prevalência de internações em indivíduos do sexo masculino e de cor parda, apesar da etiologia da doença não ter relação com essas características.
A Educação à distância e tecnologias de informação e comunicação: ferramenta complementar na odontologia
Authors: Dos Santos Lairds Rodrigues
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Abordar a importância do uso das TIC na educação à distância no ensino superior para os cursos de odontologia como uma ferramenta complementar de ensino. Métodos: O período de buscas das publicações foi de setembro a dezembro de 2020. Para este trabalho foram utilizadas publicações disponíveis em meio eletrônico ou impresso utilizando artigos científicos das bases de dados, Scielo, Pubmed e Google Acadêmico. Para os critérios de inclusão foram selecionados artigos de pesquisa e revisões sobre educação mediada por tecnologia na odontologia nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa. Foram excluídas cartas ao editor, artigos que não estavam na íntegra e aqueles em duplicata. Resultados: A subutilização das tecnologias de informação e comunicação como ferramenta complementar no ensino da odontologia pode gerar riscos aos alunos. Algumas disciplinas aplicadas exclusivamente à distância na odontologia e sem interação do professor-aluno pode comprometer o aprendizado. Conclusão: A educação mediada por tecnologia é recomendável desde que se promova associação de diversas estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem. A capacitação do corpo docente para utilizá-la corretamente e com segurança e o acréscimo nas grades curriculares dos cursos de pós-graduação de disciplinas que abordem novas tecnologias para o ensino, promovem uma odontologia de qualidade e confiável.
Farmácia universitária – uma intersecção entre ensino-serviço-comunidade
Authors: Silva Amanda Batista da , Dantas Maria Jaíne Lima , Lucena Othon Luís Souza de , Andrade Júnior Francisco Patricio , Rabelo Elaine Cristina Da Silva Ferreira , Souza Júlia Beatriz Pereira de , Montenegro Camila De Albuquerque
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi demonstrar a importância da Farmácia Universitária para a formação acadêmica, assim como para a comunidade, com uma visão centrada no paciente e permitindo uma aproximação desse futuro profissional  ao âmbito comunitário. Métodos: Para tanto, realizou-se uma conferência dos equipamentos existentes na Farmácia Escola para viabilizar a oferta dos serviços clínicos, foram elaborados materiais como prontuários para atendimento, além dos algoritmos de decisão clínica. O estudo em questão foi realizado de janeiro a julho de 2019. Resultados: Como estratégia de marketing dos serviços ofertados na Farmácia Universitária, realizou-se uma campanha que abrangeu a produção de banners e panfletos informativos sobre a hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus e as dislipidemias, para serem distribuídos para a população acadêmica e contou com a contribuição de estudantes das disciplinas de Atenção e Consultório Farmacêutico na realização dos procedimentos em saúde. Conclusões: Conclui-se que os serviços clínicos farmacêuticos foram publicizados para que a população acadêmica, a priori, busque a Farmácia Universitária que tem a finalidade de promoção, recuperação, proteção e manutenção da saúde por meio do cuidado farmacêutico, aproximando dos estudantes a futura realidade profissional, tornando possível integralizar ensino-serviço-comunidade e transformar a formação acadêmica.
Violência contra crianças: avaliação das características epidemiológicas no Brasil e no estado de Goiás
Authors: Oliveira Isabela Araújo , Pereira Machado Hellen Caroline , Yano Lima Bruna Martinez , Aquino Erick Verner de Oliveira , Gomes Veríssimo de Faria Margareth Regina
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: analisar a violência infantil no contexto brasileiro e no estado de Goiás, avaliando os tipos de violência mais frequentes, as faixas etárias mais afetadas, os ambientes em que mais ocorrem e os principais autores das agressões. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, cujos dados foram obtidos a partir das notificações registradas na base de dados Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificações, disponibilizada pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram coletados dados nacionais e do estado de Goiás referentes ao ano de 2019 e à faixa etária entre menores de 1 ano a 14 anos. As variáveis utilizadas foram: região de notificação, sexo, faixa etária, etnia, locais de ocorrência, prováveis autores e tipos de violência. Resultados: no Brasil, em 2019, 91.876 casos de violência infantil foram notificados, enquanto em Goiás, 2.511 casos. As crianças do sexo feminino e as que se encontram na faixa etária entre 10 a 14 anos são as principais vítimas dessa violência. Além disso, entre os tipos de maus tratos, destacam-se negligência/abandono e violência física e sexual como as mais frequentes, sendo os pais os mais prováveis responsáveis pelo cometimento das agressões e a residência o principal local de ocorrência. Observa-se também o elevado número de registros de violência de repetição. Conclusão: a violência infantil é grave problema de saúde pública e apresenta dados alarmantes, tanto no cenário nacional quanto no estado de Goiás, o que reforça a fragilidade das redes de atenção e proteção às vítimas.
Repercussões da pandemia pela Covid-19 na vida acadêmica de estudantes de medicina
Authors: Fonseca Gomes Luanna , Vieira de Brito Renata Cristina , Moreira Reis Pedro Henrique , Fonseca Alves Maria Laura , Spinola dos Santos Gabriel , Antunes Sampaio Raiane
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar as repercussões da pandemia pela COVID, na vida acadêmica de estudantes de medicina de uma Universidade do interior do estado de Goiás. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa para coleta e análise dos dados. O questionário foi enviado para a turma do sétimo período do curso de medicina, composta de 63 alunos, sendo que, excluindo os autores da pesquisa, puderam responder o questionário 58 alunos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de formulário eletrônico com perguntas relacionadas às mudanças no hábito e rotina dos estudantes, bem como o impacto disso na saúde mental, em tempos de pandemia. Após a obtenção das respostas foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados. Resultados: Foram evidenciadas mudanças na rotina e comportamento dos estudantes nesse período. A maioria dos participantes eram do sexo feminino (70%). Em relação aos estudos no Ensino à Distância (EAD), 70% dos acadêmicos apontaram não gostar da modalidade e 30% relataram gostar, mas preferem o método presencial; 95% expressaram insegurança quanto ao ensino; 40% dos entrevistados relataram ainda diminuição no tempo de estudo. Além disso, 60% relatou que adquiriu problemas de sono durante o isolamento e 85,5% se sentiu preocupado em relação à sua saúde mental.  Conclusões: Os dados evidenciaram elevação do nível de estresse, piora da qualidade do sono e outros impactos negativos na vida dos acadêmicos, propiciados ou intensificados devido ao período de isolamento social, bem como as medidas de segurança que tiveram de ser adotadas durante o período pandêmico.
The Concepts of Belonging and Sense of Place in The Context of Urban Space Quality Indicators: The Sample of Küçük Mustafa Paşa District
Authors: Akcakaya Yasemin , İnceoğlu Mehmet
Published: June 2021

Various definitions and parameters have been determined by many researchers in the context of urban space quality. This study focuses on the necessity of the concepts of belonging and sense of place as indicators of urban space quality. The research aims to reveal how the sense of belonging developed by the connection of the user in the field with the place and place identity interaction affects the urban quality. In this context, Istanbul province Fatih district Küçük Mustafa Paşa district, which is one of the rare urban areas where the neighborhood culture and life still continue with its unique spatial characteristics, identity, and user profile, has been chosen as the study area. As a result of the study, it was determined that the users' sense of belonging and sense of place were developed and the importance of these concepts in the context of urban quality was emphasized.
A Levantine Mansion: Buca Guidance Centre for Disabled Students
Authors: Ergül Emre , Demircan Beste
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study is to understand what was changed in a Levantine mansion in the Buca district of Izmir, from its construction date to now. Since the construction date is 1876, the study is scoped into a 150 years period in time. The data collection method includes photographic documentation and laser measurements. The evaluation method is comparative analysis to relate the common properties of Levantine houses with the plan typology and the traces in the building. A short periodization and descriptions of each space have been made. The mansion had not experienced radical changes, even if there were handovers in the property ownership. However, it can be analysed by considering small differences. In conclusion, the building is periodized in three-time slices as the 1. Period in the years between 1876 – 1890 / 1895, the 2. Period between 1895 – 1960's and the 3. Period from the 1960s to now.
The Roles of Urban Park’s Elements in Creating Beautiful Place for The Visually Impaired
Authors: Hery Fuad Achmad , Az zahra Diva Annisa
Published: June 2021

This paper is an attempt to reveal the setting of a beautiful park according to people with visual impairment. It contributes to the practice of architecture that is enjoyable to live by all members of society, including the visually impaired. A general notion of beauty from Kant (2000) and Dutton (2009), along with the notion of a multisensory architecture from Pallasmaa (2012) are used as an approach to understanding these phenomena. The research was conducted by observing, recording, and interviewing a group of visually impaired in relation to their activity and how they inhabit the space of an urban park. The finding shows that the sound of the fountain, the smell of the park, and the cool atmosphere are the combinations of elements necessary to create a strong feeling of beauty within urban space that is projected by the visually impaired.
Enhancing Biophilia as a Restorative Design Approach in Egyptian Gardens
Authors: Tarek Sara
Published: June 2021

The increasing challenges of enhancing public health for communities and managing stressful daily life style raised the call for finding new methods to reduce stress. The research problem is the lack of sufficient data investigating the impact of different characteristics and forms of gardens in terms of stress reduction and restoration benefits. Therefore, the aim of this study is identifying the restorative effects of biophilic design elements in Egyptian gardens. It investigates the main indicators for applying biophilic urbanism in different gardens and how to enhance it to achieve stress restoration for communities. The presented study followed a methodology that comprises three parts. First an integrative literature review for biophilic urbanism and biophilia application to achieve restorative design. Then identifying the likely relationship between biophilia and restorativeness. Finally, a case study research design approach for selected Egyptian gardens which are analysed in reference to concluded relationship and perceived restorativenss. The work points out the potential and effective incorporation of applying biophilic principles in Egypt to achieve stress restoration.
The Impact of Commercial Mutations on Historical Buildings in Algeria: Case of Colonial Quarters in The City of Annaba
Authors: Mihoubi Mounira , Boukhemis Kaddour
Published: June 2021

The commercial dynamics that the city of Annaba has experienced in recent decades, due to social and economic development and market liberalization, have changed its urban and architectural heritage. This city, located in northeastern Algeria and created before the tenth century, has seen many civilizations and dynasties pass by. Every civilization has left behind traces that time has sometimes taken care of protecting them, to bequeath us or erasing them completely. This heritage wealth testifying and telling the story of our ancestors' past, unfortunately, began to lose its value and originality after the transformations and modifications that took place in the old residential buildings inherited from two opposing cultures by integrating new forms of commercial activities. The objective of this communication is to analyse and measure the evolution of these mutations, with a focus on the ancient colonial areas of the city of Annaba where the phenomenon is most pronounced.
ANÁLISIS DE LA CATEGORÍA EMPODERAMIENTO DE LA MUJER DESDE UNA PERSPECTIVA DE LA ANTROPOLOGÍA FILOSÓFICA
Authors: Valdez Belen
Published: June 2021

Se contribuye a reportar elementos de análisis críticos, sobre el empoderamiento de la
mujer a través del tiempo. Donde hay una subordinación de la sociedad machista, que
no ha permitido el libre crecimiento de las mujeres, y únicamente han limitado sus
actividades, desarrollo profesional y el conocimiento.
EL USO ADECUADO Y CONSECUENCIAS DE MANEJO DE LAS REDES SOCIALES
Authors: Reyes Onix
Published: June 2021

Se actualiza la bibliografía crítica sobre la importancia y pertinencia que han causado las redes sociales en la vida y desarrollo de la sociedad, tomando en consideración que los jóvenes conforman el mayor índice de uso en las redes de internet, generando impactos positivos en ámbitos educativos, creativos, de aprendizaje y entretenimiento, no obstante, se advierte sobre los diversos enfoques que hay al respecto
Simulating Reflected Light Exoplanet Spectra of the Promising Direct Imaging Target, υ Andromedae d, with a New, Fast Sampling Method Using the Planetary Spectrum Generator
Authors: Saxena Prabal , Villanueva Geronimo L. , Zimmerman Neil T. , Mandell Avi M. , Smith Adam J. R. W.
Published: June 2021

Simulations of exoplanet albedo profiles are key to planning and interpreting future direct imaging observations. In this paper we demonstrate the use of the Planetary Spectrum Generator (PSG) to produce simulations of reflected light exoplanet spectra. We use PSG to examine multiple issues relevant to all models of directly imaged exoplanet spectra and to produce sample spectra of the bright, nearby exoplanet υ Andromedae d (υ And d), a potential direct imaging target for next-generation facilities. We introduce a new, fast, and accurate subsampling technique that enables calculations of disk-integrated spectra one order of magnitude faster than Chebyshev–Gauss sampling for moderate- to high-resolution sampling. Using this method and a first-principles-derived atmosphere for υ And d, we simulate phase-dependent spectra for a variety of different potential atmospheric configurations. The simulated spectra for υ And d include versions with different haze and cloud properties. Based on our combined analysis of this planet’s orbital parameters, phase- and illumination-appropriate model spectra, and realistic instrument noise parameters, we find that υ And d is a potentially favorable direct imaging and spectroscopy target for the Coronagraph Instrument (CGI) on the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. When a noise model corresponding to the Roman CGI SPC spectroscopy mode is included, PSG predicts the time required to reach a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 of the simulated spectra in both the central wavelength bin of the Roman CGI SPC spectroscopy mode (R = 50 spectrum) and of the Band 1 HLC imaging mode is approximately 400 and less than 40 hr, respectively. We also discuss potential pathways to extricating information about the planet and its atmosphere with future observations and find that Roman observations may be able to bound the interior temperature of the planet.
Evaluating the Thickness and Stratigraphy of Ejecta Materials at the Chang’e-4 Landing Site
Authors: Xu Luyuan , Zhang Xunyu , Qiao Le , Lai Jialong
Published: June 2021

The landing site of China’s Chang’e-4 (CE-4) probe is located on the mare basalts on the floor of the Von Kármán crater on the lunar far side. The Von Kármán crater is inside the ancient and highly cratered South Pole–Aitken basin, which has experienced complex emplacement sequences of both near and distant ejecta materials. These issues complicated the interpretation of the CE-4 surface in situ measurements of the visible and near-infrared spectrometer and the lunar penetrating radar (LPR) onboard Yutu-2 rover. To evaluate the sources and amounts of all principle foreign materials at the CE-4 landing site, we thoroughly examine the ejecta delivered by crater-forming events that occurred later than the formation of the mare basalts at the CE-4 landing site. We found a total of 16 craters that may have delivered ejecta thicker than 10 cm level superposed on the mare basalts at the CE-4 landing site. Crater Finsen, Von Kármán L, Von Kármán L′, and Maksutov are the top four major foreign material sources, and each of them contributed ejecta thicker than 1 m. Our surveys confirm that the ejecta from Finsen crater are the most dominant foreign materials in the uppermost few meters at the CE-4 landing site and the total impact ejecta deposited upon the mare basalts at the landing site is estimated to be thinner than 30 m. We found that the estimations from Pike’s model are the most consistent with the Yutu-2 LPR observations.
Culminating the Peak Cusp to Descry the Dark Side of Halos
Authors: Salvador-Solé Eduard , Manrique Alberto
Published: June 2021

The ConflUent System of Peak trajectories (CUSP) is a rigorous formalism in the framework of the peak theory that allows one to derive from first principles and no free parameters the typical halo properties from the statistics of peaks in the filtered Gaussian random field of density perturbations. The predicted halo mass function, spherically averaged density, velocity dispersion, velocity anisotropy, ellipticity, prolateness, and potential profiles, as well as the abundance and number density profiles of accreted and stripped subhalos and diffuse dark matter, accurately recover the results of cosmological N-body simulations. CUSP is thus a powerful tool for the calculation, in any desired hierarchical cosmology with Gaussian perturbations, of halo properties beyond the mass, redshift, and radial ranges covered by simulations. More importantly, CUSP unravels the origin of the characteristic features of those properties. In this paper, we culminate its construction. We show that all halo properties but those related to subhalo stripping are independent of the assembly history of those objects, and that the Gaussian is the only smoothing window able to find the finite collapsing patches while properly accounting for the entropy increase produced in major mergers.
Can Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine Be Formed from HC3N and H2NCO+ in Interstellar Space?
Authors: Choe Joong Chul
Published: June 2021

Syntheses of cytosine, uracil, and thymine starting from interstellar molecules were examined theoretically. Potential energy surfaces for the formation of protonated cytosine (CyH+), uracil (UrH+), and thymine (ThH+) from cyanoacetylene (HC3N), protonated isocyanic acid (H2NCO+), and one of NH3, H2O, and CH3OH, respectively, were determined by quantum chemical calculation using the CBS-QB3 method. Barrierless pathways were found for all the three reactions. Investigation of the energetics and kinetics of further possible reactions of CyH+, UrH+, and ThH+ led to the conclusion that cytosine, uracil, and thymine could not be formed along the proposed pathways in the interstellar gas phase, whereas their formation might be possible on interstellar icy grain mantles.
Giant Cosmic-Ray Halos around M31 and the Milky Way
Authors: Recchia S. , Gabici S. , Aharonian F. A. , Niro V.
Published: June 2021

Recently, a diffuse emission of 1–100 GeV γ-rays has been detected from the direction of M31, extending up to 200 kpc from its center. The interpretation of the extended γ-ray emission by the escape of cosmic rays produced in the galactic disk or in the galactic center is problematic. In this paper, we argue that a cosmic-ray origin (either leptonic or hadronic) of the γ-ray emission is possible in the framework of nonstandard cosmic-ray propagation scenarios or is caused by in situ particle acceleration in the galaxy’s halo. Correspondingly, the halo is powered by the galaxy’s nuclear activity or by the accretion of intergalactic gas. If the formation of cosmic-ray halos around galaxies is a common phenomenon, the interactions of cosmic-ray protons and nuclei with the circumgalactic gas surrounding the Milky Way could be responsible for the isotropic diffuse flux of neutrinos observed by IceCube.
Effects of Dust Evolution on the Vertical Shear Instability in the Outer Regions of Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Fukuhara Yuya , Okuzumi Satoshi , Ono Tomohiro
Published: June 2021

Vertical shear instability (VSI) is a hydrodynamical instability that requires rapid gas cooling and has been suggested to operate in outer regions of protoplanetary disks. VSI drives turbulence with strong vertical motions, which could regulate dust growth and settling. However, dust growth and settling can regulate the VSI because dust depletion makes gas cooling inefficient in outer disk regions that are optically thin to their own thermal emission. In this study, we quantify these potentially stabilizing effects of dust evolution on the VSI based on linear analysis. We construct a model for calculating the cooling timescale, taking into account dust growth beyond micron sizes and size-dependent settling. Combining the model with linear stability analysis, we map the region where the VSI operates, which we call the VSI zone, and estimate the maximum growth rate at each radial position. We find that dust growth, as well as settling, makes the VSI zone more confined around the midplane. This causes a decrease in the growth rate because the vertical shear of the rotation velocity, which is the source of the instability, is weaker at lower altitudes. In our default disk model with 0.01 solar masses, dust growth from 10 μm to 1 mm causes a decrease in the growth rate by a factor of more than 10. The suppression of VSI-driven turbulence by dust evolution may promote further dust evolution in the outer regions and also explain the high degree of dust settling observed in the disk around HL Tau.
Sorption of 90Sr and 137Cs on clays used to build safety barriers in radioactive waste storage facilities
Authors: Volkov Ilya N. , Zharkova Viktoriya O. , Karaseva Yana Yu. , Lysakova Еlena I. , Zakharova Еlena V.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the work was to investigate the sorptive capacity of natural clay samples with respect to 90Sr and 137Cs to assess the possibility of using these as components of protective barriers at radioactive waste isolation facilities. Bentonite clays of the Zyryanskoye and Desyaty Khutor deposits and high-melting clay of the Kampanovskoye deposit were selected for the investigation. The capacity of clays for sorption through ionic exchange is characterized by the value of the cation exchange capacity (CEC). In the process of sorption experiments, all of the test clays displayed a high rate of extracting strontium and cesium radionuclides from aqueous solutions. It was shown that the sorption of 90Sr is affected by the content of montmorillonite in the samples: bentonite clays absorb up to 98–99% of the initial radionuclide content in the solution, while about 80% of strontium is sorbed by high-melting clay. Cesium is practically fully sorbed by the tested samples and the degree of sorption amounts to over 99%, the highest value of the distribution coefficient having been recorded for the Kampanovskoye sample (Kd = 5.0×103 cm3/g). The method of sorbed radionuclides fixation on the clay samples were identified by selective desorption using the modified Tessier methodology. It was shown that strontium ions are more mobile than ions of cesium up to 97% of which is retained by clays.
Allemagne. Renforcement des dispositifs en faveur des familles durant la crise sanitaire : objectifs, conséquences et enjeux
Authors: Fagnani Jeanne
Published: June 2021

Depuis le début de la crise sanitaire, le gouvernement allemand a déployé un important arsenal de mesures en faveur des familles ayant des enfants, en particulier celles dont les parents travaillent. Parmi les enjeux, figurent en toile de fond la pénurie de personnel qualifié et la faiblesse persistante de la fécondité. Cette crise sanitaire a une nouvelle fois mis en évidence les importantes inégalités entre les sexes sur le marché du travail.
« Jaws Vs. Blue ocean » : créer un « océan bleu » pour contrer la « crise requin » à l’île de La Réunion
Authors: Brulhart Franck , Lassalle Frédéric
Published: June 2021

Cet article mobilise un cadre d’analyse fondé sur la théorie des ressources et compétences et la notion d’innovation stratégique. L’innovation est présente dans la littérature portant sur le management touristique, mais elle apparaît très rarement sous l’aspect de l’innovation stratégique (Hjalager, 2010) et n’est pas mobilisée dans un contexte de management de crise. Nous nous fondons sur la théorie des ressources pour proposer l’application d’une optique d’exploration et d’innovation stratégique en tant que réponse à une situation de crise dans le secteur touristique. L’analyse repose sur la technique de l’étude de cas au travers d’interviews et de l’étude de documents (Yin, 1984). Les résultats font apparaître quatre classes qui correspondent bien aux quatre catégories de la grille de l’« océan bleu » (exclure, atténuer, renforcer, créer). Nos résultats montrent qu’il est possible d’adopter une optique d’exploration et d’engager une reconfiguration disruptive du modèle économique existant dans le cas de l’île de La Réunion.
L’expérience d’achat dans les boutiques de luxe : Étude des dimensions selon les motivations d’achat des consommateurs de luxe
Authors: Veg-Sala Nathalie , Geerts Angy
Published: June 2021

Les objectifs de cet article sont d’analyser les dimensions du concept d’expérience d’achat dans les boutiques de luxe et de les étudier selon la dualité des motivations d’achat du luxe (personnelle et interpersonnelle). Outre la contextualisation dans le luxe des trois dimensions fondatrices de l’expérience d’achat (sensorielle, émotionnelle, sociale), à travers une étude qualitative, cette recherche montre comment les marques peuvent adapter la mise en œuvre de l’expérience d’achat en fonction des profils des consommateurs de luxe.
Se digitaliser sans renier ses valeurs : Quelles stratégies marketing digital les marques de luxe déploient-elles pour relever ce défi ?
Authors: Sabri Ouidade , El Hana Nadr , Ben Arfi Wissal
Published: June 2021

Si l’intérêt du digital pour les marques de luxe ne se pose plus aujourd’hui, les stratégies marketing digital efficaces à adopter en fonction du niveau de luxe des marques restent largement inexplorées. Au moyen d’entretiens auprès de 13 experts du luxe, nous établissons une matrice permettant de structurer la nature des stratégies digitales gagnantes en fonction : 1/ du niveau de luxe de la marque (luxe accessible à intermédiaire ; luxe inaccessible) et 2/ du type de média digital exploité : le paid media et l’owned media. Les implications, tant théoriques que managériales, d’un tel résultat sont discutées.
Qu’est-ce qui se survole ? Néo-finalisme ruyérien et immanentisme deleuzo-guattarien
Authors: Rosanvallon Jérôme , Rosanvallon Jérôme
Published: June 2021

« Au cœur des métaphysiques de Ruyer comme de Deleuze et Guattari se trouve le même concept que les seconds empruntent au premier, celui d’auto-survol. Certains domaines transversaux de la réalité, renversant les découpages établis, auraient pour commune nature de se survoler. En insérant ce concept dans une tripartition fondamentale de la réalité rompant avec l’apparente bipartition ruyérienne (qui se résorbe finalement en un monisme des domaines de survol), Deleuze et Guattari vont lui faire subir trois inflexions décisives. Premièrement, ce qui est survolé n’appartient pas à ce qui survole comme à une instance distincte mais se confond purement et simplement avec lui. Deuxièmement, ce qui se survole ne caractérise pas un domaine unitaire, une unité individuelle, mais un type de multiplicité irréductible en soi et à tout autre type. Troisièmement, si ce qui se survole se rapporte bien à un dehors, ce n’est pas cependant à un dehors transcendant dont il ne serait que l’actualisation finalisée (sur le modèle de l’activité humaine), mais uniquement à son dehors, un dehors immanent dont il se soustrait pour se créer comme tel (sur le modèle de la sélection naturelle). Ce sont ces trois transformations du concept d’auto-survol qui expliquent que leur métaphysique est un immanentisme – très différent en définitive du néo-finalisme de Ruyer. »
Rivalité stratégique et alliance systémique : Xi Jinping, Donald Trump et le national-capitalisme autoritaire
Authors: Hénin Pierre-Yves , Insel Ahmet
Published: June 2021

Au-delà de sa dimension stratégique, la confrontation sino-états-unienne révèle la rivalité de deux modèles politico-économiques assimilable à une rivalité systémique. Acteur majeur de cette confrontation, Donald Trump a cependant été pour Xi Jinping un allié systémique, agissant comme un partenaire dans un monde post-libéral. Les convergences entre le modèle de croissance chinois et les populismes occidentaux peuvent être analysées à travers un système commun d’organisation politico-économique, caractérisé comme le « national-capitalisme autoritaire » (NaCA), utilisant la référence nationale identitaire, creuset de valeurs communes, pour légitimer leur autoritarisme tout en confortant leur adhésion au capitalisme.
“Éducation intégrale” : Commune et Banque mondiale. L’intégration aux lettres et l’intégration au marché
Authors: Bolόn Alma
Published: June 2021

En 2021, on célèbre les 150 ans de la Commune ; cet événement, sorti de ses gonds spatiaux et temporels (selon la logique spectrale formulée par Derrida dans Spectres de Marx ), hantait avant la lettre le devenir politique, esthétique et pédagogique, notamment par l’appropriation de son principe d’“éducation intégrale”.
L’humanité et ses fantômes
Authors: Moreau Didier
Published: June 2021

L’humanité contemporaine semble se déchirer entre des « barbares iconoclastes » et des « blasphémateurs profanateurs ». Dans ce conflit, on pourrait retrouver une figure de l’aporie que Paul Ricœur décrivait entre l’herméneutique (faible) des traditions et la critique (forte) des idéologies, la faiblesse de la première, face à la force de la seconde, tendant à s’équilibrer par la violence que celle-là déploie contre celle-ci. Ricœur propose une issue, qui se réalise par une transaction entre attente et mémoire, dont l’acte de promesse est le paradigme, contre le pur tragique de la Wiederholung , de la répétition heideggérienne. Cette voie reste, pour le moins, une perspective métaphysique, donc quasi théologique, qui réinstalle la vérité d’une parousie. Après avoir analysé cette ultime tentative de penser « une seule humanité », qui serait à l’œuvre dans la communication narrative, je considérerai le problème de la transmission éducative et générationnelle à rebours sous la catégorie de l’absence avec l’appui d’un texte de François Wahl. C’est le schème de la spectralité éducative qui sera le fil rouge de la réflexion sur les modes par lesquels les fantômes nous hantent, de Comte à Derrida, d’autant plus lorsqu’ils ne peuvent être (re)présentés.
Démopédie
Authors: Janover Louis
Published: June 2021

Délégué aux Services publics pendant la Commune, Jules Andrieu (1838-1884) était à la fois homme d’intendance et homme de culture, lié à Varlin comme à Verlaine et Rimbaud. Il s’intéressera autant à la philosophie qu’à la philologie, la culture populaire et la poésie. L’article « Démopédie » a été rédigé pour le Grand Dictionnaire universel de Pierre Larousse et c’est en écho au poème de Baudelaire, Le cygne , qu’il pose la question qui le taraude : Pourquoi n’y a-t-il pas en ce moment de grand poète en France dans toute la maturité du génie ? Ses Notes pour servir à l’histoire de la Commune de Paris sont à la fois le tableau de la Commune sans mythe et un appel à la réalisation du rêve des communeux.
Présentation
Authors: Vermeren Patrice
Published: June 2021

Plutôt que de traiter de l’œuvre pédagogique en acte de la Commune de Paris, ou de sa capacité à produire du commun, s’interroger sur la manière de se saisir aujourd’hui de son expérience de la démopédie insurgée.
République, liberté et roman du Nouveau Monde dans la radicalité publiciste de Melvil-Bloncourt
Authors: Douailler Stéphane
Published: June 2021

Pendant le mois d’avril 1871, au cours duquel le général Cluseret, délégué à la guerre de la Commune, travaille à la création d’une force armée organisée, il reçoit l’assistance, pour l’enrôlement de bataillons de marche et d’artillerie, d’une figure républicaine connue de la bohème littéraire du Second Empire, Melvil-Bloncourt. L’article examine comment celui qui fut un important rédacteur de la Revue du Monde Colonial , un député de Guadeloupe, un condamné à mort par contumace, un exilé à Genève et un intellectuel mulâtre odieusement caricaturé par A. Daudet dans Jack , réorienta au fil du temps sa compréhension des idées de république et de liberté en ajoutant, à la séquence qui place la Commune dans la suite de 1848, l’enjeu des guerres qui abolissent l’esclavage à échelle mondiale et redéfinissent ce qui mérite d’être appelé barbarie.
Louise Michel. — Anarchistes et ouvriers [1883]
Authors: Groussac Paul , Maurel Anne
Published: June 2021

Ce document est une lettre de Paul Groussac, directeur de la Bibliothèque nationale d’Argentine, adressée de Paris à Buenos Aires après la Commune de Paris, et publiée en 1883 dans El Diario . Après son évocation du procès de Louise Michel, il expose ses considérations hostiles au socialisme et à l’enseignement universel.
Le « monde » de Franquin
Authors: de Gramont Jérôme
Published: June 2021

Autour des grandes œuvres d’art s’ouvre tout un monde. Non pas le monde réel dans lequel nous vivons, mais un monde possible, celui de la fiction. Cela est vrai notamment avec Franquin. Mais comment définir le monde possible qui est celui de Franquin ? Une comparaison entre les aventures de Spirou (Franquin) et celles de Tintin (Hergé) permettra d’avancer une première réponse.