bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐29: Critical level of Crosstalk for Visual Perception of 3D and Viewing Space Mapping
Authors: Nakao Kenji , Higano Toshiyuki , Kanda Noriyoshi , Wakemoto Hirofumi
Published: October 2012

Stereoscopic viewing space in which 3D image can be seen in entire display area is a very important parameter in autostereoscopic 3D displays. The critical level of crosstalk for visual perception of 3D in two‐ and multi‐view 3D‐displays using a pattern‐matching method are discussed.
P‐30: Study on Improvement of Visual Abilities by Watching Stereoscopic Image
Authors: Fukai Yuki , Okuyama Keita , Arai Takahiro , Igarashi Takuya , Sano Yuji
Published: October 2012

We measured improvement of five visual abilities by watching stereoscopic image. Kinetic visual acuity and depth perception were improved by 3.06% and 1.95% respectively compared with un‐observing. In eye movement and near point distance, there is not nearly change. However, peripheral vision declined by 3.49%.
P‐40: Scalable Intra Panel Interface (SIPI™)—A point to Point Interface for LCDs
Authors: Yuan Kevin , Qu Mark , Yu Quan , Zhang Zhanpeng , Lu Ding , Shen Sharon
Published: October 2012

SIPI™, Scalable Intra Panel Interface, is an intra‐panel point to point interface bus for LCDs. The SIPI™ interface provides many benefits including reduced physical bus width, lower RFI/EMI, link quality monitoring, and low speed one wire backward channel for system communication.
P‐43: LED Backlight Driver Implemented by Single‐stage Linear Regulation Control (LRC) Technique for High Efficiency and Low Cost
Authors: Huang Po‐Hsien , Chiu Shao‐Wei , Kuo Chun‐Chieh , Lee Yu‐Huei , Chen Ke‐Horng , Ho Chang‐An , Chen Chih‐Jen , Liang Chao‐Chiun , Liu Sheng‐Fa , Chiu Pao‐Hsien , Chen Sandy , Shen Chun‐Yu , Hsieh Ming‐Ta , Li Huai‐An
Published: October 2012

LCD panel with the LED backlight can be controlled by the proposed linear regulation control (LRC) technique for high efficiency and low cost. The LRC technique removes most of the external passive components, which include inductor, E‐cap, freewheel diode, and blocking diode. Due to single‐stage operation without two‐stage power consumption, small volume and high efficiency can be simultaneously ensured. Furthermore, the PLL function can guarantee the line voltage and current to be in phase so as to realize the high power factor (PF) for green power. High efficiency of 85% at 110Vrms and 87% at 220Vrms, high PF of 0.98 at 110Vrms and 0.96 at 220Vrms, and low THD of 18% at 110Vrms and 19% at 220Vrms are achieved.
P‐44: Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Suppression in an Intra‐Panel Interface with Periodic Clock‐Embedded Signaling Scheme
Authors: Lee Kil‐Hoon , Baek Dong Hoon , Lee Dongmyung , Pae Hansu , Lee Sang Min , Choi Young Min , Lee Young Hun , Lee Sun Ik , Lee Woo Sung , Lee Dae Joon , Lee Jae‐Youl , Lee Myunghee
Published: October 2012

An intra‐panel interface system employing data scrambling for EMI suppression is presented in this work. The proposed data scrambler targets two sources of EMI found in a periodic clock‐embedded interface system: active data field and horizontal blanking period (HBP). For verification, an intra‐panel interface based on enhanced Reduced Voltage Differential Signaling (eRVDS) with data scrambling function is implemented in CMOS technology, and EMI measurement of the prototype shows that suppression of data‐induced EMI can be successfully achieved by the proposed scrambling technique.
P‐45: A 2.4Gbps Receiver with Bang‐Bang CDR for High Speed Intra‐Panel Interface
Authors: Kim Tae‐Jin , Oh Woon‐Taek , Kim Jin‐Ho , Ihm Jae‐Yong , Chang Yonghwan , Lee Jae‐Youl , Lee Myunghee
Published: October 2012

A Receiver incorporating bang‐bang (binary) CDR for high speed intra panel interface is proposed. The proposed Receiver adopting Phase Locked Loop (PLL) based CDR provides high speed data rate by a bang‐bang Phase Detector and Current Mode Logic (CML). Also it provides low EMI for LCD system by embedding the clock signal without explicit clock lines and scrambling active data. The results are validated on a 55‐inch full‐HD (1920×1080) TFT‐LCD panel with the 8‐bit RGB and 120Hz driving technology. Maximum data rate is measured as higher than 2.4Gbps.
P‐49: Analysis of Light Leakage caused by Photo Spacer for Fringe Field Switching Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xiao Ang , Song S.H. , Zhu Haibo , Hou X.C. , Chen Xu , Min T.Y.
Published: October 2012

For reducing light leakage caused by photo spacer (PS) which increases the transmittance in black state of fringe field switching liquid crystal display (FFS LCD), the correlations of light leakage intensity with polyimide (PI), rubbing cloth, rubbing condition and pixel design were investigated in this study. The result indicated that applying the higher optical phase retardation PI, the result showed, could significantly improve the light leakage without decreasing aperture ratio.
P‐50: Low K Acryl Resin as Planarization Layer on TFT LCD
Authors: Shen Qiyu , Chen Xu , Guo Jian , Taeyu Min , Shi Dawei , Wang Deshuai , Qu Lianjie , Lu Kai , Hou Xuechen , Sun Jian , Wu Tao
Published: October 2012

In this paper, acryl resin based on ADS process parameters, and its benefit on TFT LCD product is introduced. By analysis of adhesion, exposure energy, developing time, bleach energy and cure parameters, acryl resin optimized process parameters are confirmed. With JSR PC548 positive acryl resin, our ADS product achieves good surface planarization and the product logic power has a nearly 30% decrease.
P‐54: Contact Printing Technologies for Encapsulation of Flexible OLEDs
Authors: Kim Hakkoo , Choi Jin Hwan , Park Young Wook , Park Tae Hyun , Song Eun Ho , Shin Se Joong , Lee Hyun Jun , Ju Byeong Kwon
Published: October 2012

Contact printing is an encapsulation technique, which allows printing of UV‐cured resin coated on a polymer stamp (polydimethylsiloxane, which is also known as PDMS) to different surfaces. The contact printing process allows encapsulation to be layered without using sophisticated methods and solvent effect [1]. In this paper, we present the fabrication of a new encapsulation for the flexible organic light‐emitting diodes (OLESs) on a plastic substrate. Our experimental results confirmed that the encapsulation, which restricted the moisture that penetrated into the devices. This method is ideally suited to the fabrication of flexible OLEDs.
P‐57: A Novel Evaluation Method for 3D Display Viewing‐Zone
Authors: Chang Wen‐Hui , Huang Kuo‐Chung , Chou Yi‐Heng , Lin Hoang Yan , Lee Kuen
Published: October 2012

Viewing‐zone (VZ) is an important research topic for stereoscopic displays. Although much research has been done to date, more studies need to be conducted to ascertain the VZ criterion. In this paper, we proposed a novel evaluation method based on optical theory, simulation and experiment to figure out the VZ. We find that the VZ is no more diamond‐shaped as the past studies reported.
P‐58: Accelerating Phase Shifting Technique in Quantitative Differential Interference Contrast System for Critical Dimension Measurement of TFT Substrate
Authors: Lin Wen‐Chiuan , Yu Sheng‐Kang , Lin Shih‐Chieh
Published: October 2012

Abstract: A quantitative differential interference contrast (DIC) technique is proposed to measure the step height of TFT substrate, which is widely applied in display devices. Theoretical comparisons between different phase shifting techniques of DIC are given. Not only series of simulations are conducted but also the preliminary experiments of TFT dimension measurement are presented. The proposed accelerating phase shifting DIC technique might be adopted to topography measurement of optical components in industry.
P‐59: Starfield Contrast: A Quantitative Method to Determine the Contrast of Displays with Dynamic Backlights
Authors: Miseli Joe
Published: October 2012

In the ICDM DMS (Display Metrology Standard), we introduce a method to help quantify contrast for displays which have backlight dimming for low‐level drive levels — Starfield Contrast.

LCD Displays with Dynamic Contrast (global/local dimming) reduce the output level of the backlights for display content with low average content. At the extreme (for all black or near black content) the backlight might be turned off, giving very high contrast values which might even be stated as infinite.

Starfield Contrast determines the contrast of a display with global/local dimming at the threshold as the dimming circuitry begins operation. It controls the dimming to determine the real contrast of the display and provides the highest contrast before the display goes into its dynamic mode.
P‐61: The Measurement of the Properties of the Liquid Crystals in the Multi Domain VA Panel
Authors: Choi Nakcho , Roh Namseok , Shin Sungtae , Hong Moonpyo
Published: October 2012

The properties such as cell gap, pretilt angle and rubbing direction in the multi domain PS(polymer stabilized)‐VA cell were measured by a optical method. It has been impossible to measure the pretilt angle in sub micrometer area because liquid crystals in each area of the 4‐domain PS‐VA cell have different pretilt angle in the other direction. We could get the data using the optical measurement system merged microscope. Many failure muras caused during the liquid crystals process is analyzed successfully through the measurements. It is also very powerful tool to measure the cell gap below the protrusion in the pixel.
P‐62: Evaluation of Gray‐to‐Gray Crosstalk for Time‐Sequential Stereoscopic Display
Authors: Chen Fu‐Hao , Yang Jinn‐Cherng , Chou Yi‐Heng , Huang Kuo‐Chung , Lee Kuen
Published: October 2012

Crosstalk is an important factor in determining image quality of stereoscopic display. Traditional system crosstalk model, evaluated for both time‐sequential and spatially stereoscopic displays, is not suitable for time‐sequential 3D display. A modified gray‐to‐gray crosstalk model for time‐sequential stereoscopic display is proposed and evaluated with comparing in this study, and it shows the new model is more close to the crosstalk in reality.
P‐63: Optimization Design of Irradiance Array for the Direct‐lit LED Backlight
Authors: Wu Rengmao , Zheng Zhenrong , Li Haifeng , Liu Xu
Published: October 2012

An optimization design of irradiance array is proposed for the direct‐lit LED backlight. A rectangular irradiance distribution is generated by each LED lens unit, and the desired backlight is obtained by arraying the irradiance distribution. Compared with the traditional methods, the efficiency is significantly enhanced and the number of the units is dramatically reduced.
P‐64: Fabrication Method of Fresnel Lenses Based on Electrohydrodynamic Instability
Authors: Kim Minju , Bae Kwang‐Soo , Hwang Jeoung‐Yeon , Kim Jae‐Hoon , Yu Chang‐Jae
Published: October 2012

We have proposed the fabrication technique of Fresnel lenses in a binary type by using electrohydrodynamic instability (EHDI) of the optically anisotropic layer. It was found that the Fresnel lens has a high‐efficiency performance with fast, simple and reliable fabrication for producing Fresnel lens.
P‐66: Accelerated Life Test (ALT) Evaluation Method for Backlight LEDs
Authors: Hsieh I‐Hsun , Hsieh Kun‐Hung , Wang Chih‐Kai , Ke Wei‐Chih , Wang Hsin‐Mien
Published: October 2012

A backlight light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) accelerated life test method can indicate that the life time of the 20.1“/55” backlight LEDs are about 24,000/67,000 hours under around 2,000 hours test time. The accelerated life test estimates LEDs lifetime in normal use by operating LEDs at high environmental stresses. Generally, the homogenous LEDs life degradation behavior follows an exponential curve. The junction temperature (Tj) is the key factor for LEDs lifetime estimation. The empirical result of homogenous luminance exponential over‐time degradation is related with the junction temperature during ALT.
P‐69: Study on Improvement of Luminous Efficacy in Pulse Driven LED
Authors: Arai Takahiro , Nakaya Yuta , Fukai Yuki , Igarashi Takuya , Sano Yuji
Published: October 2012

Luminous efficacy of pulse driven LED in beginning of light emission was improved by reducing discharge of diffusion capacitance in the LED. The luminous efficacy was improved to 360 ∼ 421% in RGBW color LEDs respectively with increased emission and reduced power consumption.
P‐71: Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of Vertically Well‐aligned Zinc Oxide Nanostructures
Authors: Li Chaoyang , Wang Dapeng , Kawaharamura Toshiyuki , Li Zeming , Nitta Noriko , Furuta Mamoru , Hatta Akimitsu
Published: October 2012

The well‐aligned ZnO nanostructures were fabricated by multi‐gas annealing process at low temperature, from which intense blue‐green photoluminescence was observed. The novel low‐temperature mist chemical vapor deposition method using zinc acetylacetonate vapor improved crystallinity as well as developed into regrowth of ZnO nanostructures efficiently.
P‐72: Efficient Red, Green, and Blue QD‐LEDs Fabricated with the QD Transplanting Process on a Common Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Park Myeongjin , Cho Hyunduck , Lee Hyunkoo , Lee Donggu , Lim Jaehoon , Char Kookheon , Lee Seonghun , Lee Changhee
Published: October 2012

We demonstrate efficient red, green, and blue (RGB) quantum dot (QD)‐based light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LEDs) by using QD transplanting method on a common, vacuum‐deposited, hole transport layer. We can pattern RGB QD‐LEDs with a micrometer scale for full‐color QD‐LED displays. We can also demonstrate practicable quantum dot light‐emitting devices with RGB patterned pixels on unit devices as well as white light‐emitting devices for everyday applications.
P‐73: Properties of Different Cold Cathode on the Efficiency in FEDs
Authors: Khorami Alireza , Ghanbari Shirin , Mohajerzadeh Shamsedin
Published: October 2012

The threshold voltage of FEDs is mainly determined by evaluating the material of the cathode and also its conduction coefficient. This study focuses on the properties of different cold cathode materials of nanotubes on the threshold and also cell efficiency. The results indicate that by utilizing Indium Oxide pyramids with grain size in nano scale, increases cell efficiency.
P‐76: Resistive Switching Memory Device Based on Amorphous Al‐Zn‐Sn‐O Film for Flexible Electronics Application
Authors: Fan Yang‐Shun , Liu Po‐Tsun , Hsu Ching‐Hui , Lai Hsuan‐Ying
Published: October 2012

We have fabricated flexible resistive switching memory (RRAM) using Al‐doped zinc tin oxide (AZTO) as resistive switching layers. The AZTO RRAM with robust memory window over hundreds of switching cycles. Besides, a conceptual co‐operation scheme was also demonstrated between AZTO RRAM and thin film transistor (TFT) for flexible electronics application.
P‐79: Principal Component Analysis on Characterizing Full‐Color Electrophoretic Display
Authors: Lu Yen‐Hsing , Tien Chung‐Hao
Published: October 2012

A methodology is introduced to characterize colorimetric performance of full‐color electrophoretic display. The concept of principal component analysis benefited simplifying the complicated hybrid color‐mixing system by means of one eigenspectrum for each RGB channel. Proposed model was validated to predict the chromatic feature with high accuracy (ΔEAVE_CIEDE2000<0.2). Due to its simplicity and invertibility, proposed technique will certainly has a promising impact on the color reproduction in emerging novel displays using hybrid color‐mixing system.
P‐148L: Late‐News Poster: Direct Photolithographic Color Filter for 14.1‐inch Flexible Color Electrophoretic Displays
Authors: Lai Yen‐Huei , Chan Chih‐Cheng , Hwu Keh‐Long , Huang Wei‐Ming
Published: October 2012

A 14.1‐inch flexible color electrophoretic display (EPD) has been fabricated successfully with the white reflectivity of 23.4%, contrast ratio of 8:1 and NTSC of 3.14%. The flexible color EPD device, in the main, involves a‐Si thin‐film transistors (TFTs) on a plastic substrate, microcup electrophoretic film and a quad‐type color filter array pattern. To prevent the heat damage of EPD film and make the photolithography process possible, low temperature color resist have been developed, which requires only short pre‐baking step of 80°C. This enables the possibility to produce a quad‐type color filter array pattern directly on an EPD film. Here, we present a feasible and simple photolithography process to prepare color filter for color EPD application.
P‐149L: Late‐News Poster: Uniaxially Cracked ITO on PET Substrate and its Application in Flexible Displays
Authors: West John L. , Cakmak Miko , Huang Tsang‐Min , Lee Da‐Wei
Published: October 2012

Uniaxially cracked indium tin oxide (ITO) on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate and its application in replacing photolithography to make stripe ITO electrodes were developed. An ITO coated PET (ITO/PET) film uniformly and controllably rolled and uniaxially cracked. This procedure produced fine, parallel cracks in the ITO separated by 5∼10 microns. The crack separation and electrical isolation of the resulting long and thin ITO electrodes was enhanced by etching with dilute hydrogen chloride (HCl) or by uniaxially stretching. Heating and stretching proves the most effective, producing a crack width of about 0.05 microns and a differential conductivity (measured parallel and perpendicular to the cracks) in the resulting films greater than two orders of magnitude. A polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) shutter was prepared using the cracked ITO/PET film as one substrate. The addressed lines were defined by the contact electrode. The sharpness of the line edges increased as the drive frequency was increased. This PDLC prototype demonstrated how photolithographic etching of ITO or printing of conducting polymer could be replaced by controlled cracking of ITO to produce the line electrodes required for flexible, passive matrix displays and in related flexible electronic applications.
P‐159L: Late‐News Poster: A Liquid Crystal Based Contact Lens Display Using PEDOT: PSS and Obliquely Evaporated SiO2
Authors: De Smet Jelle , Avci Aykut , Joshi Pankaj , Cuypers Dieter , De Smet Herbert
Published: October 2012

An active spherically conformed liquid crystal cell is presented comprising PEDOT:PSS as a transparent conductive layer and obliquely evaporated SiO2 as an alignment layer. To tackle compatibility issues with the SU8 processing needed for the spacers, an additional buffer layer was included in the fabrication process. The electro‐optic response is inspected closely and a contrast measurement is given.
P‐84: Thermal Switchable Bistable Cholesteric‐Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Wang Chun‐Ta , Jau Hung‐Chang , Lin Tsung‐Hsien
Published: October 2012

1. Abstract

The study investigates the thermal switchable bistable cholesteric‐blue phase liquid crystal display. Both the CLC phase and the blue phase can stably exist at room temperature and be switched to each other using temperature‐controlled processes. In a homogeneous aligned sample, two stable states, CLC with a planar alignment and blue phase with a uniform lattice distribution, reflect light of wavelengths 480‐510nm and 630nm, respectively, as determined by the corresponding Bragg's reflection conditions.
P‐87: Ultra‐High Transmittance Blue Phase LCD with Double In‐Plane Switching Electrodes
Authors: Chen Chao Ping , Su Yikai , Chen Yanqing , Sun Yubao , Zhang Zhidong
Published: October 2012

A blue phase liquid crystal display (BPLCD) featuring double in‐plane switching (DIPS) electrode structure is proposed. The DIPS electrodes on the top and bottom substrates are arranged in a staggered manner for eliminating dead zones formed above the electrodes. As a result, aperture ratio is remarkably enlarged except for the thin film transistor (TFT) region. At meantime, a low driving voltage (∼18V) and high transmittance (∼90%) BP‐LCD can be achieved.
P‐89: Fast‐switching and Hysteresis‐free Polymer‐stabilized BPIII Device
Authors: Chou Kuan‐Han , Chiou Ji‐Yi , Yang Kai‐Xian , Hsien Yi‐Chun , Wu Che‐Kai , Chen Hui‐Yu
Published: October 2012

A fast‐response polymer‐stabilized BPIII device without memory effect and hysteresis effect is demonstrated in this study. The structure of BPIII is stabilized in a wide temperature range more than 10°C by polymer network By adopting in‐plane switch, the bright and dark states can be switched reversely in ∼0.9 ms. Compared with the other two cubic blue phases, the polymer‐stabilized‐BPIII possesses a great potential for application on fast display.
P‐90: Surface Pinning Effect on Blue‐Phase Liquid Crystal
Authors: Park Hye Ryung , Lee Jung Jin , Jeong Heon , Nayek Prasenjit , Lee Seung Hee , Park Heung Shik , Lee Hyeok Jin , Kim Hee Seop
Published: October 2012

This paper reports surface treatment effect on liquid crystalline blue phase morphology and electro‐optical performances at various temperatures. We have succeeded to achieve homogeneous monodomain blue phase morphology by surface treatment. Operating voltage and hysteresis of the proposed device is greatly reduced compared to the non surface treated cell, owing to dramatic increase in Kerr constant. Uniform mono domain morphology has better electric field withstand capability so that its original texture restored after electric field addressing.
P‐91: Hysteresis Reduction in EO Characteristics of Photoaligned IPS‐LCDs Using Polymer‐Surface‐Stabilized Method
Authors: Nagatake Yohei , Inoue Shoji , Limura Yasufumi
Published: October 2012

Although an in‐plane‐switching display mode has been known to show excellent image qualities, further improvement of them has been still required in a display market. As well known, a rubbing method is one of the factors to degrade the image quality, and so alternative methods should be investigated. In this paper, we choose a photo‐alignment (PA) method as the alternative and the solution of an image sticking problem arising from the weak anchoring nature, which impedes practical use of the method, is investigated by applying a polymer‐surface‐stabilized method to a PA method.
P‐92: Distinguished Student Poster Paper: 2‐ms Nematic Liquid Crystal Mode without Alignment Layers
Authors: Kim Jung‐Wook , Song Dong Han , Kim Ki‐Han , Lee Ji‐Hoon , Yoon Tae‐Hoon , Rho Soon Joon , Lee Hyeok Jin , Kim Heeseop
Published: October 2012

We propose a 2‐ms nematic LC mode without alignment layers. Three‐terminal electrode structure is used to apply in‐plane and vertical fields to the LC cell. Initially, nematic LCs are randomly aligned. The dark state and bright state are obtained by applying vertical and in‐plane fields to the cell, respectively. We achieved the total response time of less than 2 ms in the proposed mode.
P‐94: Nano‐particle Induced VA‐LCD
Authors: Choi Young Eun , Oh Sang Hoon , Jo Mi Hyeon , Jang In Won , Kim So Eun , Jeong Kwang‐Un , Lee Seung Hee , Song Won Il , Chang Hak Seon , Shin Ki Chul , Kim Hee Seop
Published: October 2012

A nano‐material called POSS (Phenethyl‐Poly Oligomeric Silsesquioxane) provides vertical alignment of LC on substrate without using conventional polymer type of vertical alignment layer. However, it still has many problems like aggregation because of high concentration doping. We synthesise new type of POSS which shows good dispersion with LC and found out that even very low 0.1 wt % into LC, uniform vertical alignment is achieved through diffusuion process from bulk LC to surface of the substrates.
P‐137: Measurement of the LC Pretilt Angle and Polar Anchoring in Cells with Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous LC Director Configuration and Weak Anchoring on Organosilicon Aligning Films
Authors: Belyaev Victor V. , Solomatin Alexey S. , Chausov Denis N. , Gorbunov Artem A.
Published: October 2012

New optical and electro‐optical methods of LC director average tilt angle measurement are described in LC cells with homogeneous and inhomogeneous LC director distribution. The LC pretilt on both LC substrates can have the same or opposite direction. Both LC pretilt angle and polar anchoring energy values have been measured for both polar and weak polar liquid crystal materials on aligning films of organosilicon compounds (OC) of different molecular structure. The method developed can be used also in optical compensator design.
P‐97: Electrode Structure for High Transmittance IPS Mode
Authors: Song Dong Han , Kim Ki‐Han , Lee Ji‐Hoon , Yoon Tae‐Hoon
Published: October 2012

We propose a new electrode structure using three voltage levels instead of two for high transmittance in the in‐plane switching liquid crystal mode. We confirmed that, by using the proposed structure, the transmittance of a LC cell can be increased from 29 % to 35 % at a slightly lower operating voltage. The transmittance of the proposed mode is higher than the conventional FFS mode.
P‐99: Fast Nematic Liquid Crystals (LC) Device Using Hybrid driving Scheme
Authors: Srivastava Abhishek K. , Fan Fan , Wang Xiaoqian Q. , Chigrinov Vladimir G. , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: October 2012

We present a high‐resolution nematic LC cell with 3‐electrodes and a driving scheme. This allows simultaneous application of vertical and in‐plane electric fields to the LC layer. Both the switching ON and OFF time is less than 400 μs thus the operating frequency can be high up to 1 kHz.
P‐100: Inverse Four Domain Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Mode Generated by Photo‐Alignment Method
Authors: Lee Seul Gee , Jo Soo In , Park Jae‐Hong , Lee Hyeokjin , Shin Sung‐Tae , Lee You‐Jin , Yu Chang‐Jae , Kim Jae‐Hoon
Published: October 2012

We fabricated an inverse four domain twisted nematic (IFDTN) mode using a stacked photo‐alignment layer enhancing the azimuthal anchoring energy. The strong anchoring energy generates the stable 4D twist structures under an applying voltage. High transmittance and contrast device is achieved without complex rubbing processes.
P‐101: The Reduction of Temperature Effect on Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Chen Kuan‐Ting , Chao Yu‐Ju , Lai Chun‐Chun , Liu Po‐Wen , Tsai Yi‐Shou , Lu Jhih‐Ping , Hsu Chien‐Chih , Lee Huei‐Lun , Lin Shu‐Hua
Published: October 2012

This study reveals that the environment temperature will affect the operating voltage and the image quality of ChLCD. The data demonstrate that with the decrease of temperature the operating voltage will be increased and we found that we can maintain the operating voltage by increase the addressing time.
P‐104: Refractive Index Distribution Analysis of Liquid Crystal GRIN Lens for Autostereoscopic 2D/3D Switchable Displays
Authors: Sugita Tatsuya , Oka Shinichiro , Naganuma Tomohiko , Saito Terunori , Komura Shinichi , Miyazawa Toshio
Published: October 2012

The refractive index distribution of LC GRIN lenses for autostereoscopic 3D displays was investigated. It was clarified that the refractive index distribution forms a parabolic function of the optimum lens conditions. We achieved a minimum crosstalk of 0.6% in an autostereoscopic 3D display with an LC GRIN lens.
P‐105: Fast Switchable Grating Based on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal
Authors: Ma Ying , Guo Qi , Srivastava Abhishek , Hu Wei , Chigrinov Vladimir , Kwok Hio Sing
Published: October 2012

In this article, a method for the fabrication of Ferroelectric liquid crystal switchable grating based on photo‐alignment technique has been proposed. The first order diffraction efficiency is 86% and response time is 69 μs, which is 10 times faster than the existing switchable gratings. Maximum performance can be achieved at the electric field of 7V/μm.
P‐106: Future Generation Ultra‐Fast Liquid Crystal Light Shutters
Authors: Komitov Lachezar , Hegde Gurumurthy , Kolev Dimitar
Published: October 2012

By proper assembling and electronic driving of two parallel single nematic liquid crystal cells with planar and vertical alignment of the liquid crystal molecules, respectively, arranged in a double cell, ultra‐fast switching between bright and dark states, back and forth, is achieved.
P‐107: Characterization and Development of Phase Modulated Liquid Crystal Devices using ZnO Nano‐rod Array Electrodes
Authors: Li Qing , Yan Jing , Cui Yongyang , Chen Jing , Lei Wei
Published: October 2012

1D ZnO nano‐rod is grown with by aqueous thermal decomposition method on ITO substrate in experiment which can be used in phase modulated LC devices. Two new devices with ZnO nano‐rod array electrode are proposed in this paper. One is the phase modulation with homogeneous LC device and the other is the fast‐response adaptive blue phase liquid crystal microlens. For ZnO‐LC phase modulation, the electric field distribution and phase modulation with influence of parameters are simulated analysis. For ZnO‐LC microlens, gradient electric fields are generated and lens‐like phase profile obtained based on Kerr effect of BPLC. Its focus can be tunable by either changing the applied voltage or selecting the polarized direction of the incident light. The devices have potential application in micro photonic components.
P‐111: Improved Performances in Phosphorescent Organic Light‐emitting Diodes using Solution‐processed Vanadium Pentoxide as a Hole Injection Layer
Authors: Lee Hyunkoo , Kim Young Kwan , Lee Changhee
Published: October 2012

We report that the solution‐processed vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) layer can be utilized as an effective and stable hole injection layer (HIL) in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) instead of polyethylene dioxythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) or thermally‐evaporated metal oxides. The device with the V2O5 HIL shows much lower driving voltage and improved stability compared with other devices.
P‐112: Highly Efficient Electron Injection Layer of LiF/Yb Bilayer for Top‐emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ahn Hyuk , Lee Hyunkoo , Yang Jungjin , Lee Changhee
Published: October 2012

We report highly efficient electron injection layer (EIL) of LiF/Yb bilayer for top‐emitting organic light emitting diodes. The device with the LIF/Yb bilayer shows reduced operating voltage and enhanced efficiencies compared to other two devices with Yb and LiF/Al due to the reduced electron injection barrier, resulting in better charge balance. The device with the LiF/Yb bilayer shows high luminous efficiency of 53.2 cd/A and external quantum efficiency of 16.9%.
P‐115: Driving Voltage Reduction through Non‐radiative Charge Recombination Interfaces in Organic Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Son Young Hoon , Jeon Woo Sik , Lim Dae Chul , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: October 2012

We report a new way for the driving voltage reduction through non‐radiative charge recombination interfaces in organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). Non‐radiative charge recombination interfaces made between a hole transporting layer and a deep lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) electron transporting layer results in significant increase of hole current conduction, which finally could give us voltage reduction in OLEDs. Such voltage reduction is attributed to strong columbic interaction at charge recombination interfaces. Voltage reduction from 5.2 to 4.3 V at 1000 cd/m2 in fluorescent blue devices is demonstrated with this our concept. Our suggested structure of non‐radiative charge recombination interfaces can be very useful for many practical organic semiconductor device applications.
P‐116: Efficiency Enhancement in ITO‐free Green Organic Light Emitting Diodes Utilizing Nano‐Composite Scattering Films
Authors: Chang Hong‐Wei , Kim Yong Hyun , Lee Jonghee , Hofmann Simone , Lüssem Björn , Müller‐Meskamp Lars , Leo Karl , Wu Chung‐Chih
Published: October 2012

We demonstrate significant efficiency enhancement of ITO‐free OLEDs by combining both the high‐conductivity conducting polymer PEDOT: PSS as the transparent electrode and the solution‐processed nano‐composite scattering films as optical extraction layers. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ITO‐free device can be significantly enhanced by a factor of 1.8 at 1000 cd/m2.
P‐117: High Efficient Color Conversion Layers for White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes using Polystyrene Nanosphere Monolayers
Authors: Ho Yu‐Hsuan , Liang Hsun , Chang Yung‐Ting , Tian Wei‐Cheng , Chu Chih‐Wei , Chen Chin‐Ti , Wei Pei‐Kuen
Published: October 2012

We demonstrated a highly efficient color conversion layers (CCLs) by using nanosphere arrays for white organic light‐emitting diodes. The introduced periodical nanospheres not only help extract the confined light in devices, but also increase the effective light path to achieve more efficient color conversion. By applying the nanospheres patterned CCL on a PVK‐based phosphorescent blue OLED, 137% color conversion ratio had been achieved, which was 2.68 times higher than flat CCL. The resulting luminous efficiency of white device with patterned CCL (20.97 cd/A, 1000 cd/m2) was twice higher than the efficiency of the flat device (10.26 cd/A, 1000 cd/m2).
P‐118: Improving Balance of Carrier Mobilities by Doping a Carrier Trapper to Achieve Efficient Solid‐State Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Liao Chih‐Teng , Su Hai‐Ching , Chen Hsiao‐Fan , Wong Ken‐Tsung
Published: October 2012

We demonstrate improving balance of carrier mobilities in neat‐film light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) utilizing a cationic near‐infrared laser dye as the carrier trapper. EL measurements show that the peak EQE reaches 12.75%, representing a 1.4 times enhancement in device efficiency as compared to that of the undoped neat‐film LECs.
P‐121: Colorful Reflective Organic Light Emitting Device without Bias
Authors: Chiu Tien‐Lung , Hsiao Yi‐Peng , Ko Kai‐Hao , Lai Chih‐Ming , Lee Jiun‐Haw
Published: October 2012

Under a white ambient light illumination and without bias, the color‐cathode organic light emitting device (OLED) shows the various reflection colors to display the information by utilizing the internal interference cavity inside rear cathode. In this report, we employed a high conductivity metal‐organic material, tris(8‐hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq3) doped with Ag nanoparticles, to be the interlayer of this interference cavity cathode. Its good conductivity is leading to a comparable electrical performance with that of reference device. There is a small increase of driving voltage 0.5V at 100 mA/cm2 for color‐cathode OLED. In addition, the thicknesses of this interlayer inside this interference cavity varies to 40, 60, 80 and 100 nm to alter the reflection colors such as orange, purple, blue and green.
P‐122: Luminous and Conversion Efficiency Improvement in OLED/OPV Tandem Device with Omnidirectional Antireflection Nanopillars
Authors: Ho Yu‐Hsuan , Liu Shun‐Wei , Liang Hsun , Chen Fang‐Chung , Tian Wei‐Cheng , Wei Pei‐Kuen
Published: October 2012

We present an antireflection structure consisted of irregular nanopillars to reduce the substrate surface reflection of OLED/OPV hybrid device, which both the luminous efficiency and energy conversion efficiency had great improvement. The nanopillars were made on flexible polycarbonate substrates by using nanoimprint method with anodized aluminum oxide template. The average reflectivity of the patterned polycarbonate substrate in visible wavelength was reduced to 3.3% in the optimized case. With the antireflection structure, the luminous intensity for OLED was improved 49.8% as compared to the device with flat substrates. The power conversion efficiency for OPV was improved from 0.48% to 0.55%, which had 14.6% enhancement at normal incidence.
P‐124: Effect of Electrical Aging on Reliability of Solution In Organic Light Emitting Diode
Authors: Park Hyun‐Ae , Choi Sung‐Ho , Choi Byoung‐Deog , Lee Sun‐Hee , Song Won‐Jun , Kim Sung‐Chul
Published: October 2012

We applied voltage on fabricated OLED with electrical aging in order to investigate the reliability of OLEDs. According to aging times, the decrease of initial capacitance by electrical stress because of the increasing the series resistance and decreasing the carrier doping density of emission states caused by moving fixed charge.
P‐151L: Late‐News Poster: Transmissive Low Outgassing Organic Insulator Suitable for Various OLED Displays
Authors: Shindo Hiroaki , Tsutsumi Takashi , Sakurai Takaaki , Hanmura Masahiro , Honma Akira
Published: October 2012

We have developed transmissive low outgassing organic insulator (TLOI) which is suitable for various OLED displays. Until now, there hasn't been insulator that has good process compatibility and contribute to fabricate the long life time, low power consumption OLED panel. Our conventional material has much residue on ITO and make work function of ITO change because of residue, then it couldn't offer the OLED panel which has good reliability. Now we developed new material (TLOI) that satisfies all above‐mentioned characteristics, we report about our recent study.
P‐153L: Late‐News Poster: Vacuum Deposition of OLEDs with Feature Sizes ≤ 20um Using a Contact Shadow Mask Patterned In‐situ by Laser Ablation
Authors: Kajiyama Yoshitaka , Wang Qi , Kajiyama Koichi , Kudo Syuji , Aziz Hany
Published: October 2012

A new RGB patterning method for realizing high resolution Organic Light Emitting Device (OLED) full color displays is proposed. In this method, a plastic film is used as a shadow mask. The film is patterned by laser ablation in situ on the bottom electrode of the device, (e.g. anode), and the organic layers are then deposited on this electrode. Because the film is patterned after being put on the electrode, issues pertaining to the deformation of shadow masks and/or difficulties with aligning them precisely, are eliminated. This present study has been performed as a feasibility study for this approach. In order to assess the capability of the plastic film as a shadow mask and to test if the mounting and removal of the film on the pre‐deposited organic layer may damage to the organic layers, 20um wide OLEDs were fabricated using a pre‐patterned plastic film. Experimental results show that OLEDs can be patterned by using the plastic film mask with reasonable dimensional uniformity and without causing any significant damage to the pre‐deposited organic layer. Additionally, elemental analysis of the anode surface using Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy (EDS) shows that anode surfaces that have been subjected to the laser ablation process are free organic contaminants or oxides, indicating that the patterning process is successful in completely removing the plastic film from the electrode surface without leaving any significant organic contaminants on the metal, and/or in causing oxidation of the metal surface in the patterned areas. These preliminary results therefore suggest that this new method is indeed promising for realizing high resolution displays, specifically 300ppi for small sized displays.
P‐154L: Late‐News Poster: High‐efficacy OLED Panel with High‐mobility Electron Transport Layers for New Lighting Applications
Authors: Sugi Keiji , Ono Tomio , Kato Daimotsu , Yonehara Toshiya , Sawabe Tomoaki , Enomoto Shintaro , Amemiya Isao
Published: October 2012

A 70 mm × 80 mm OLED lighting panel with efficacy of 78.6 lm/W at 1000 cd/m2 has been demonstrated. We improved the efficacy of the panel by decreasing driving voltage. We adopted two approaches: optimize device structure by using high‐mobility electron transport layers and improve luminous uniformity by embedding metal bus lines.
P‐155L: Late‐News Poster: Low‐voltage, High‐efficiency White Phosphorescent Organic Light‐emitting Devices
Authors: Lin Jin‐Sheng , Ku Chun‐Neng , Huang Yueh‐Chuan , Tseng Mei‐Rurng
Published: October 2012

In this report, We use the efficient host materials combination with an efficient blue phosphorescent FIrpic complex. We successfully improve the high‐efficienct blue OLED which has up to 36.0 lm/W and a low driving voltage of 3.4V at practical brightness of 1000 cd/m2. By using the efficient orange‐yellow phosphor PO‐01 complex and light‐extraction technology, the white OLED displayed a high power efficiency of 92.3 lm/W and a low driving voltage of 3.2V at practical brightness of 1000 cd/m2.
P‐129: Speckle Contrast Analysis at Different Locations in the Image Produced by a Laser Projection System
Authors: Chang Yan‐Shuo , Hsu Wei‐Feng , Lin Hoang‐Yan
Published: October 2012

The laser projection display system is attracted interests, especially for the pico‐projector, because of its four advantages: high brightness, color gamut, contrast and low power consumption. Laser projectors have three typical types that are full‐frame, line‐scanned and raster‐scanned systems. The full‐frame laser projection display system will be considered in this paper. To study the speckle contrast of the laser projection system, we have measured different areas and positions and discussed the system with or without polarizer and filmstrip. The speckle contrast was almost the same by measuring different areas and positions. The speckle contrasts with/without polarizer and filmstrip are 0.889/0.683 and 0.57/0.683 when displaying one computer generated hologram.
P‐132: Adding Proximity Detection to a Standard Analog‐Resistive Touchscreen
Authors: Rouaissia Chaouki
Published: October 2012

This paper is intended to help design engineers understand the technology behind the proximity detection with standard 4‐wire analog resistive touchscreens and illustrate the potential uses and applications that could benefit from this technology.
P‐136: Auto‐Stereoscopic Display Based on In‐Cell Touch Sensor Integrated Switchable Liquid Crystal Lens
Authors: Wu Zhangben , Yao Qijun , Niu Lei , Ma Jun , Wang Xingchen , Wu Yong , Wang Lihua , Ma Conghua , Ling Zhihua
Published: October 2012

An auto‐stereoscopic display panel with in‐cell touch sensor integrated in switchable liquid crystal lens is introduced. A multifunctional electrode structure serves both as capacitive touch sensor and COM electrode of LC lens and the two systems work in a time sharing mode. The touch sensor integrated LC lens has potential application for next‐generation 3D multi‐media devices.
Wide gamut LCD using locally dimmable four‐primary‐color LED backlight
Authors: Sano Yuma , Nonaka Ryosuke , Baba Masahiro
Published: October 2012

This paper proposes a wide gamut LCD using locally dimmable four‐primary‐color (4PC) LED backlight. Although the color gamut of LCDs has been improved in recent years, it is insufficient to reproduce all the colors in the real world. The objective of this paper is to propose a wide gamut LCD that reproduces all the colors in the real world while keeping the cost increases to a minimum. We evaluated the color gamut reproduced by LEDs of multiple primary colors and selected cyan as the optimal color to be added to the three primary colors to reproduce all the colors in the real world. Therefore, we designed an LED backlight consisting of an additional only‐cyan LED with three‐primary‐color LEDs and developed a prototype LCD with 4PC LED backlight. Furthermore, we developed a local dimming algorithm for the 4PC LED backlight. As a result, we confirmed that the prototype LCD with the 4PC LED backlight is able to cover almost all the colors in the real world and also able to display natural images with highly saturated colors by local dimming.
Effect of intensified discharge in the vicinity of ribs on PDP performance
Authors: Nagano Shinichiro
Published: October 2012

It was determined that the discharge in the vicinity of ribs should be intensified to obtain low‐voltage, high‐luminous efficacy, and high module efficiency. One possible way is to increase the space between ribs and the discharge surface. Even if the amount of space increases by only 2 or 3 µm, it still results in low discharge voltage, large discharge current, and high luminous efficacy. For that reason it might be important to control the micron‐sized particles included in the MgO crystal dispersed layers. Another preferable way is to use ribs with a low electric permittivity (ε) that are represented by porous ribs. Moreover, low‐ε ribs diffuses the high‐energy spots in plasma, resulting in a high luminous efficacy. They feature a significantly lower sustain voltage and a smaller parasitic capacitance as well to facilitate a help high module efficiency. Also, highly porous ribs are expected to increase their practical use in aspects of mechanical strength and impurity gas exhaustion.
Polymer Photovoltaic Cells Based on Polymethacrylate Bearing Semiconducting Side Chains
Authors: Liu Qian , Wang Ming , Li Cuihong , Jin Enquan , Du Chun , Zhou Jianjun , Li Lin , Bo Zhishan
Published: October 2012

Polymethacrylate with semiconducting side chains (P1), synthesized by free radical polymerization, was used as a donor material for polymer solar cells. P1 is of high molecular weight (Mn = 82 kg mol−1), good thermal stability, narrow band gap (1.87 eV), and low‐lying HOMO energy level (−5.24 eV). P1 possesses not only the good film‐forming ability of polymers but also the high purity of small organic molecules. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 0.63% and 1.22% have been obtained for solar cells with M1:PC71BM and P1:PC71BM as the active layers, respectively. With PC61BM as the acceptor, PCEs of M1 and P1 based devices decrease to 0.61% and 0.76%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that free radical polymerization can be used to prepare polymer donors for photovoltaic applications.
BASIC LAND SECURITY AND LIVELIHOOD: A STUDY OF COMPENSATION AND SOCIAL SECURITY POLICY FOR LAND‐EXPROPRIATED PEASANTS IN CHINA
Authors: Yang Yi‐fan
Published: October 2012

Frequently, the discourses on land management and social security policy are kept separate from each other. Access to vital land uses or tenure security, however, are not only relevant to land policy and urban planning but are also important elements of social security policy. Land use planners and policymakers have a huge impact on spaces of poverty and the well‐being of the poor. How can we better understand the relationship between land policy and social security policy? In recent years, global discourses on sustainable development, the Millennium Development Goals or universal human rights increasingly have considered the relationship between land rights and poverty alleviation. The paper will discuss how China framed social security policy with respect to housing, tenure security, urban and rural ownership, improvement of slums, the land rights of women and access to common land. Does the country directly or indirectly link land security to social security policy? In conclusion, the paper will discuss how land security could be contained into the minimum social assistance policy and what the approaching path is in China. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FIGHTING POVERTY AND PROTECTING THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT: THE REFUSE COLLECTORS OF RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
Authors: Pinto Rogerio F. , Carmo Maria Scarlet Do
Published: October 2012

This paper reviews and documents a unique approach to poverty reduction targeting a segment of urban poor in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: the collectors of recyclable materials discarded by urban residences and businesses, along with their refuse. The approach is unique for Brazil because it combines assorted policy objectives at different governmental levels, two socially/security valued, two environmentally valued and one economically valued. The paper specifically seeks to (a) determine the current profile of collectors, both social and economic; (b) assess the current state of play of the dwindling collectors cooperatives programme, including perceptions of its performance by different stakeholders; (c) describe the current practices and players in the collection of recyclables, with its associated implications; (d) reconstruct the role of key players with a focus on the operational policies and administration of the programme by municipal departments; (e) assess the current priority among social and environmental objectives of the waste collection programme of the municipal government; (f) draw conclusions and recommendations on policies and administration for such programmes, to improve the social outcome for the collectors while still achieving the associated environmental objectives; and (g) draw some comparisons with other Latin American countries that have engaged in similar programmes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.