bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communicating Credential Value
Authors: Sievers Katie , Smith Debbie
Published: September 2021

Learners are increasingly turning to “alternative” education channels to up- and re-skill over the course of their lifetimes. In turn, the credentialing market is expanding quickly to supplement or replace training available through traditional pathways. Yet, the relationship between emerging credentials and learners' career outcomes is underexplored. To allow credentials to pave more inclusive pathways to professions, organizations that issue credentials need to gather data about career outcomes, leverage those data to enhance their program, and promote the outcomes transparently. This chapter explores three approaches to reporting outcomes and provides actionable recommendations to implement transparent reporting strategies. If implemented, the suggested approaches could ultimately help enhance understanding of, trust in, and economic support for alternative credentials.
Small Chunks, Deep Learning
Authors: Simon Ken N. , Hodgkins Lawrence , Argent James
Published: September 2021

Project I4 is a cohort-based, year-long program incorporating micro-credential experiences as a key element of learning for school leaders. The project focuses the micro-credential (MC) design, implementation, and study on a central aspect of a school leader's work: classroom observations and post-observation conversations. The leaders learn to observe academic discourse in STEM classrooms. To fully engage in the learning from the MC, leaders collect observational evidence on equitable instructional practices and use the evidence to have coaching post-observation conversations with teachers with the aim of changing instructional practices in classrooms. In the authors' model, a key component for the MC experiences is the opportunity for school leaders to work with leadership coaches in equity-centered networked improvement communities (EC-NICs) of 5-6 persons. This chapter presents a qualitative review of 10 school leaders from the first Project I4 cohort.
Capturing Student Achievement and Learning Pathways at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County
Authors: Braxton Sherri Nicole , Sullivan Collin , Wyatt Laura A. , Monroe Jalisa
Published: September 2021

In 2015, the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) recognized the need to capture knowledge, skills, and abilities acquired by students in both co-curricular and curricular endeavors not being captured in any identifiable way. The Vice President of Information Technology and Chief Information Officer desired to document competencies gained by students in the variety of contexts on campus and to track student, faculty, and staff achievements in a way that would both benefit each individual while also supporting the mission of the institution. This vision led to the adoption of a digital badging initiative resulting in a scalable process for implementing new badges throughout the university community. UMBC's digital badging program became the springboard for the institution's entrance into the Comprehensive Learner Record (CLR) realm whose objective is to capture all credentials earned by students, whether they be awarded before, during, or following their tenure at the institution.
The Transnationalization of Business Education
Authors: Branch John David , Wernick David A.
Published: September 2021

Recent decades have witnessed the emergence and growth of transnational higher education, a specific form of internationalization which considers education as a product which can be packaged and sold abroad. This transnationalization of higher education is especially prominent in the discipline of business, which has wide student appeal. The purpose of this chapter is to review the transnationalization of business education. The chapter begins by situating transnational higher education within the internationalization of higher education more broadly. It then characterises transnational higher education, enumerating various definitions and transnationalization modes. Finally, it rationalizes transnational higher education from a geo-political/economic perspective.
Student Perspectives on Business Education in the USA
Authors: Brookbanks Ben Christopher
Published: September 2021

This chapter examines the academic and personal trajectory a student takes from before they ever set a foot on campus to beyond a college degree. By first assessing the private vs. public school dynamics in Southern California, the author documents the ways in which these systems are a reaction to the American college system, and how the prevailing psyche around college as being an ultimate end for students and their parents plays out. Reflecting on personal choices and circumstances unique to the individual yields a variety of challenges and benefits posed by pursuing a college degree, all of which influence what to study and where to pursue it. Influences range from relative income to geographical location and parental occupation. Through an examination of these elements, the relative importance and weight of a college degree in light of developments accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic leaves the collegiate system and the students who are at the center of it in an unparalleled position.
Using Machine Learning Algorithms for Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: El-Lamey Mazen Mobtasem , Eid Mohab Mohammed , Gamal Muhammad , Bishady Nour-Elhoda Mohamed , Mohamed Ali Wagdy
Published: September 2021

There are many cancer patients, especially breast cancer patients as it is the most common type of cancer. Due to the huge number of breast cancer patients, many breast cancer-focused hospitals aren't able to process the huge number of patients and might expose some women to late stages of cancer. Thus, the automation of the process can help these hospitals in speeding up the process of cancer detection. In this paper, the authors test several machine learning models such as k-nearest neighbours (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and artificial neural network (ANN). They then compare their accuracies and losses with themselves and other models that have been developed by other researchers to see whether their approach is efficient or not and to decide what machine learning algorithm is best to use.
Improved Memetic NSGA-II Using a Deep Neighborhood Search
Authors: Mahdi Samir , Nini Brahim
Published: September 2021

Elitist non-sorted genetic algorithms as part of Pareto-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithms seems to be one of the most efficient algorithms for multi-objective optimization. However, it has some shortcomings, such as low convergence accuracy, uneven Pareto front distribution, and slow convergence. A number of review papers using memetic technique to improve NSGA-II have been published. Hence, it is imperative to improve memetic NSGA-II by increasing its solving accuracy. In this paper, an improved memetic NSGA-II, called deep memetic non-sorted genetic algorithm (DM-NSGA-II), is proposed, aiming to obtain more non-dominated solutions uniformly distributed and better converged near the true Pareto-optimal front. The proposed algorithm combines the advantages of both exact and heuristic approaches. The effectiveness of DM-NSGA-II is validated using well-known instances taken from the standard literature on multi-objective knapsack problem. As will be shown, the performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by comparing it with M-NSGA-II using hypervolume metric.
Reliable and Energy-Efficient Routing Scheme for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs)
Authors: Iqbal Semab , Hussain Israr , Sharif Zubair , Qureshi Kamran Hassan , Jabeen Javeria
Published: September 2021

Despite the fact that the ocean plays a role in everything from the air we breathe to daily weather and climate patterns, we know very little about our ocean. Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is one of the options helping us to discover some domains such as natural assets and underwater resource exploration. However, the acoustic signal is the only suitable option in underwater communication in the absence of radio waves, which face a number of challenges under this environment. To overcome these issues, many routing schemes are introduced by researchers though energy consumption is still a challenge in underwater communication. To overcome the issue of rapid energy consumption, a reliable and energy-efficient routing method is introduced that avoids the redundant forwarding of data; hence, it achieves energy efficiency and eventually prolongs the network lifetime. Simulation results support the claim that the proposed scheme achieves energy efficiency along higher delivery ratio by reducing the data transmission error rate during the routing decisions.
Integrated Fog and Cloud Computing Issues and Challenges
Authors: Sharma Shivom , Sajid Mohammad
Published: September 2021

Due to the exponential growth in the number of internet-of-things (IoT) devices like smartphones and smart traffic lights, the data generated by the devices and the service requirements are increasing. The biggest issue in accessing the cloud computing is that all processing is done on cloud resources. For cloud-based services, it is utmost required to send all data to cloud resources which leads to many issues and challenges. The important issues are large volume of data, low latency rate, low bandwidth. In order to resolve such issues, there is an essential need of a smart computing paradigm which works as a moderator between cloud computing and IoT devices to improve the performances of the services, maximizing utilization of computing resources, storage. This work presents an overview and description of fog computing in the context of cloud computing and internet of things (IoT) and also sheds light on the key differences between cloud computing and fog computing. This work also presents various issues and challenges in the context of fog computing with its various applications.
Recognition of Livestock Disease Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Mohanty Ricky , Pani Subhendu Kumar , Azar Ahmad Taher
Published: September 2021

The livestock health management system is based on the principal concept to investigate bird health status by collecting biological traits like their sound utterance. This theme is implemented on four different species of livestock to cure them of bronchitis disease. This paper includes the audio features of both healthy and unhealthy livestock. Particularly, the secure audio-wellbeing features are incorporated into the platform to spontaneously examine and conclude using livestock voice information to recognize diseased birds. One month of long-term recognition experimental studies has been conducted where the recognition accuracy of the set of diseased birds was about 99% using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). This recognition accuracy of ANFIS in this regard is better than the performance of an artificial neural network. This is a reliable way for researchers to investigate and constitute evidence of disease curability or eradication of incurable ones.
Institutional Ethnography and Exploring the Social
Authors: Abdrabo Amal Adel
Published: September 2021

There is a new trend taking place in Egypt over the last decades that is attempting to establish a new culture of development arguing for a knowledge-based development of Egyptian society. Consequently, Egyptian society has begun to witness the emergence of different policies, national strategies, and mega development projects that try to translate these policies into reality. But the question that remains is what type of knowledge, and in which context, should be developed? In this vein, this research serves two purposes. First, it contests the notion of knowledge while using a new method of inquiry that creates an opening for an alternative-more-humanized sociology that opposes the dominant sociological perspective that studies people as quantitative objects. The research uses institutional ethnography to provide new-actor-related insights and interpretations while exploring the social momentum within Egyptian society. Second, the research seeks to investigate the relationship between the desire to transform Egypt into a knowledge-based society through the knowledge precincts projects, following the global agenda, and the creation of a political, social, and cultural environment that allows knowledge to thrive, leading to more social justice and equity. In the end, the research asks: What is the definition of ‘knowledge' provided by the Egyptian government through its different developmental policies? How does it function inside the knowledge precincts projects? It also asks: Does Egypt's commitment to large scale programs through knowledge precincts reveal an authoritarian inclination?
Magnetic properties of ferromagnetic thin films with three spin layers as described by fourth-order perturbed Heisenberg Hamiltonian
Authors: Samarasekara Pubudu , Abeyratne M K
Published: September 2021

The magnetic properties of ferromagnetic thin films with three spin layers were investigated for the first time using fourth-order perturbed Heisenberg Hamiltonian. Total magnetic energy was determined for ferromagnetic materials with simple cubic lattice. The simulation was carried out for Heisenberg Hamiltonian with different second-order magnetic anisotropy constants in different spin layers. The total magnetic energy periodically varies with spin-exchange interaction, azimuthal angle of spin, and the second-order magnetic anisotropy constant in each spin layer. The peaks along the axis of the angle are closely packed except in the 3-D plot of energy versus angle and second-order magnetic anisotropy constant of the middle spin layer. 2-D plots were perceived by rotating 3-D plots in MATLAB. According to the 3-D plot, the angle between magnetic easy and hard directions is 90 degrees. The minimum energy range was found in the 3-D plot of energy versus angle and the second-order anisotropy constant of the middle spin layer. The samples with the minimum magnetic anisotropy energies have potential application in transformer cores, magnetic switching, and magnetic amplifiers.
Cefoperazone/sulbactam-induced hemolytic anemia
Authors: Sun XM , Liu LH , Wu Q , Wang HG
Published: September 2021

Drug-induced hemolytic anemia (DIHA) is a rare complication of drug therapy and usually underdiagnosed. Cefoperazone/sulbactam is a compound prepared from the third generation of cephalosporin and β-lactamase inhibitor. There are limited data of DIHA induced from cefoperazone/sulbactam. A 93-year-old female patient, who had an operation on the biliary tract 3 months ago, was admitted to our hospital with an abdominal infection. After cefoperazone/sulbactam was given as anti-infection treatment, the patient developed hemolytic anemia on the third day. Cefoperazone/sulbactam was discontinued and replaced with meropenem. Subsequently the level of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit returned to normal. Clinicians should pay attention to monitoring the possible adverse reactions during the use of cefoperazone/sulbactam and should be aware of the occurrence of DIHA, so as to give timely treatment.
Taoism, bioethics, and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Butchart Liam C.
Published: September 2021

The stress that the COVID-19 pandemic has placed on health systems internationally has forced difficult decisions concerning the rationing of medical care and has put the bioethical structures that inform those choices under scrutiny. Often, ethical approaches to pandemic circumstances center around utilitarianism, dehumanizing the treatment process and ignoring the plurality of other philosophical doctrines that inform non-Western bioethics, which could be of use in addressing the pandemic. This paper focuses on philosophical Taoism, as developed in the Tao Te Ching and Zhuangzi, in order to suggest an alternative approach to medical care when medical capacity is limited, grounded in the concept of wu-wei, or inaction.
Existence of metrics maximizing the first eigenvalue on non-orientable surfaces
Authors: Matthiesen Henrik , Siffert Anna
Published: September 2021

We prove the existence of metrics maximizing the first eigenvalue normalized by area on closed, non-orientable surfaces assuming two spectral gap conditions. These spectral gap conditions are proved by the authors in [21].
New Directions in Rough Path Theory
Authors: Cass Thomas R. , Crisan Dan , Friz Peter K. , Gubinelli Massimiliano
Published: September 2021

Rough path theory emerged as novel approach for dealing with interactions in complex random systems. It settled significant questions and provided an effective deterministic alternative to Itô calculus, itself a major contribution to 20th century mathematics. Its impact has grown substantially in recent years: most prominently, rough paths ideas are at the core of Martin Hairer’s Fields Medal-winning work on regularity structures, but there are also original and successful applications in other areas. The workshop focused on three areas that have been strongly influenced by the core ideas in rough path theory and which have witnessed considerable activity over the past few years: applications to data science, algebraic aspects and connections with stochastic analysis.
Mini-Workshop: Relativistic Fluids at the Intersection of Mathematics and Physics
Authors: Beheshti Shabnam , Disconzi Marcelo M. , Hoang Vu
Published: September 2021

Relativistic Hydrodynamics is the description of fluid motion in regimes where relativistic effects are important. This is the case for fluids moving at high velocities or interacting with very strong gravitational fields, such as in the physics of black hole accretion disks or neutron star mergers but also in the microscopic dynamics of high-energy heavy-ion collisions. Although the first formulation of hydrodynamic equations dates back to the beginning stages of relativity theory, many mathematical problems remain wide open. In particular, the development of the theory of relativistic viscous fluids was slow and mathematical progress only made recently. The purpose of this Mini-Workshop was to bring together a diverse group of researchers, including specialists in nonlinear PDEs and physicists, to jumpstart the mathematical development of this field. This allowed for a vital exchange of ideas between mathematics and physics communities.
ANALYSIS AND OPTIMAL DESIGN THE EFFECT OF DESIGN VARIABLES ON MAGANIFICATION RATIO OF A MAGANIFICATION MACHANISM EMPLOYING FLEXIBLE HINGE
Authors: NANG DO VAN-
Published: September 2021

In order to high work performant for compliant mechanism about motion scope, work long term and high frequency. Therefore, in this investigation displacement, maximum principal stress and the first modal shape frequency were analyzed by Finite element analysis (FEA) for a magnification mechanism to find out effects of design variables on magnification ratio of this mechanism. The FEA outcomes indicated that design variables have significantly affected on magnification ratio, maximum principal stress and the first modal shape frequency of a magnification mechanism. The magnification ratio obtained 42.83 times thereby maximum principal stress is equal to 132.79 MPa and the first modal shape frequency is equal to 377.44 Hz, respectively. The forecast results by the Taguchi method achieve a displacement of 0.4392 mm, and according to this method the optimal structure has a displacement of 0.4451 mm with the dimensions of the following variables: variable A is 0 mm, variable B is 23 mm and C is 60 mm, the parameters combine at the levels A1B2C1. This structure amplified 44.51 times, this result is a good agreement compared with the forecast results, the error compared to the forecast is 1.33%.the forecast results, the error compared to the forecast is 1.33%.
Animal Assisted Therapy in Pediatric Speech-Language Therapy with a Preschool Child with Severe Language Delay: A Single-Subject Design
Authors: Anderson Heather , Hayes Sandra , Smith Julie
Published: September 2021

Background: The application of animal assisted therapy (AAT) in provision of services is an emerging area of research in the allied health literature. Prior investigators have called for additional research concerning applications of animal assisted therapy in specific settings and patient populations. Objectives: to (a) investigate the effect of animal assisted therapy on the quantity of vocalizations in a single child participant with severe speech delay, and (b) identify optimal animal assisted therapy practices in pediatric group speech-language therapy. Design: A case study was conducted using ABA single-case design. The number of vocalizations produced by the participant was measured for 15-minute periods during four initial baseline (no animal assisted therapy) sessions, four sessions with the intervention condition (animal assisted therapy), and three additional baseline (no animal assisted therapy) sessions. Observations were also recorded concerning the interactions between the animal assisted therapy team, the participant, and other children in the group. Results: The number of vocalizations increased markedly during the intervention phase, and the effect was nonreversible. The participant also demonstrated increased attention to tasks and activities during the intervention phase. An increase in unpredictable, forceful movements by the participant and other children was observed after 10-minutes. Conclusions: Although the same degree of increase in vocalizations is not expected for every child exposed to animal assisted therapy, results suggest that animal assisted therapy is a potentially valuable tool for speech-language pathologists working with children who have severe delays in communication skills. Recommendations for future research include consideration of time limits for animal assisted therapy interventions, detailed advance planning with the handler to minimize stressors for the animal assisted therapy team, and ensuring adequate adult personnel for data collection and management of the intervention sessions.
Factors Influencing Breast Cancer Genetic Testing Among High Risk African American Women: A Systematic Review
Authors: Spencer Shirley , Rodgers Carolyn , Coffey Vickii
Published: September 2021

African American women are disproportionately impacted by breast cancer and its associated effects. They have the highest breast cancer mortality rate of all racial and ethnic groups in the U.S., yet, many high risk African American women do not follow-up with genetic testing despite, having a shorter survival rate and more likely to develop malignancies or aggressive forms of breast cancer than white women. Purpose: This review explored breast cancer genetic follow up and barriers among African American women and made recommendations for designing tailored high risk breast cancer programs. Method: The Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction framework provided the framework for the review. PubMed, PSYINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Collection Plus databases were searched for articles published from 2007 to 2017 that focused on attitude and beliefs that influenced genetic testing follow up among African American women. Three reviewers independently reviewed and appraised articles. The quality of the articles was assessed to determine the evidence level and overall recommendations using the Joanna Bridge Institute grading criteria. Results: Sixteen of the 2275 articles reviewed met the inclusion criteria of which, seven showed statistically significance changes related to family concerns, medical mistrust and cost barriers; decreases in breast cancer worry and perceived risk after genetic counseling; and higher education level and diagnosed early increased genetic testing. Conclusions: This systematic review provides greater understanding of how the social determinants of health influence decisions about genetic testing and treatment to determine why African American women who are at risk for breast cancer, do not progress to genetic testing. It provided recommendations for designing sensitive curriculum content for African American women and providers to increase genetic follow-up and reduce breast cancer disparity. The results of this review could be used to design comprehensive, tailored interventions to address the identified barriers, increase breast cancer awareness and early detection, and help minority women make informed, value decisions about genetic testing and treatment options. Recommendations: Future research is required to examine the role communities, agencies and policy makers play in improving clinical outcomes for minorities.
Critical Appraisal of “Immediate Changes in Spinal Heights and Pain After Aquatic Vertical Traction in Patients with Persistent Low Back Symptoms: A Crossover Clinical Trial” by Simmerman et al -- An Opinion Piece
Authors: Berry David , Miela Nicole
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to critically review the article, Immediate changes in spinal height and pain after aquatic vertical traction in patients with persistent low back symptoms: a crossover clinical trial. PM R.2011 May;3(5):447-57. [PMID: 21570033] doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.01.010. Methods: Study, key evidence including study design, sample population, procedure, outcome measures, and results were summarized. Critical appraisal of the study's internal, external, and statistical validity followed. Results: In a crossover study of 61 total subjects, mean age 59.6 years, fifteen minutes of supine land-based flexion and weighted aquatic vertical traction were applied in both groups preceded by a uniform loading and unloading procedure. Both interventions showed a significant increase in spinal height compared to pre-intervention height (P < .0001). Pain symptoms improved significantly more after aquatic vertical traction compared to the land-based supine flexion intervention (P < .0034). Internal validity was threatened by vague inclusion criteria, length of spinal cord affected by the interventions, and inconsistency in days between sessions. External validity was threatened by the age range (40 to 80) of subjects included and a lack of reporting crucial pieces of baseline spinal height and pain centralization data. Poor power, no calculated effect size, lack of setting statistical significance a priori, and incomplete data reporting threaten the statistical validity of this study. Conclusion: Fifteen minutes of supine land-based flexion and fifteen minutes of aquatic vertical traction both can be effective in reducing symptoms of low back pain and elongating the spine. However, poor reporting of data and heterogeneity of spinal areas affected by the interventions threaten the validity of this study.
Reviewing the Diagnostic Classifications used for Low Back Pain in Physiotherapy-related Research.
Authors: Milanese Steve , Worth David
Published: September 2021

Background: The evidence-to-practice gap, where clinical practice does not reflect the findings from research evidence, has been identified as a concern in allied health disciplines such as physiotherapy. Failure to provide care according to current (research) evidence raises the potential that patients are receiving care that is either not needed, is ineffective, less effective than current research indicates, or potentially harmful. For research evidence to be translatable to clinical practice, the research should be seen to be applicable, i.e. the clinician should be able to recognise that the research study sample reflects their patient population. Method: This study presents a pragmatic clinical review of patient sampling from high level primary research trials investigating physical therapy for low back pain. Only studies where full text copies were freely accessible to clinicians were reviewed. The review collated the characteristics of the study subjects and explored how they related to standard clinical practice. Results: A total of 63 full text randomised controlled trials papers were identified and reviewed. Across the studies reviewed, the clinical presentations of included subjects were variably described, with inconsistencies in the diagnostic labels used, the characteristics of the symptoms reported and the nature of the exclusion criteria applied. Of concern was the lack of reporting of patient’s clinical presentation according to standard clinical assessment findings to allow the clinician to gauge the applicability of the study. Conclusion: A core principle of clinical physiotherapy practice is the clinical assessment of the patient to identify the patient’s specific presentation to individualise rehabilitation and exclude serious pathology. To close the evidence-practice gap, we either need to revisit standard clinical practice or focus on the reporting of the research evidence to ensure its applicability.
The Use of an Experiential Educational Activity to Promote Interprofessional Education in Physical and Occupational Therapist Students
Authors: Brzuz Amy , Gustafson Beth
Published: September 2021

In many healthcare settings, interprofessional collaborative practice is expected of healthcare professionals to facilitate optimal patient outcomes. To prepare healthcare professionals to provide this collaborative practice, institutions of higher education are infusing interprofessional education activities into their healthcare curricula. While interprofessional education activities have been demonstrated to be beneficial for students, the creation and implementation of these types of activities by higher education faculty can be challenging. Factors such as logistics, curricular differences, and already busy course schedules can sway faculty from developing interprofessional experiences for their students. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and implementation of an interprofessional education activity involving physical and occupational therapist students that was added to an existing physical therapist student experiential learning activity. Activity outcomes and recommendations will be shared in anticipation that other healthcare faculty will be inspired to initiate communication and collaboration to create their own unique IPE experiences.
Stereotyping as a Major Barrier to Achievement of Interprofessional Education Competencies: A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Conroy Christine
Published: September 2021

Purpose: A major advancement in interprofessional(IP) practice and education has been the introduction of the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) core competencies. The purpose of this study is to explore stereotyping as a barrier to achievement of the IPEC competencies. Methods: There has been research into barriers to interprofessional collaboration and some barrier themes have occurred. But to this point, nothing has been studied on barriers to the use of the IPEC core competencies. This study aims to show barriers to achievement of the IPEC competencies through a narrative literature review. Articles were selected from three databases: CINAHL, Medline and ERIC were utilized in this review using the search terms “Interprofessional collaboration” and “Stereotyping”. Results: In articles used to review barriers to interprofessional collaboration, an underlying theme of negative stereotyping about different professions appears to be in place. Themes include: Differences in history and culture, fears of diluted professional identity, differences in language and jargon, and concerns regarding clinical responsibility. Conclusion: A literature review of studies on implementation of interprofessional activities, with correlations to the IPEC core competencies as a framework suggest that stereotyping may be a major barrier to implementation and achievement of the IPEC competencies.
The Effectiveness of Kinesiotaping for Patients with Fractured Ribs: A Single-subject Experimental Design
Authors: Dafoe Simone , Rushworth Leigh , Stiller Kathy
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Kinesiotape is an elastic, adhesive tape applied to the skin that has been used extensively to reduce pain associated with various musculoskeletal conditions. Its use in the setting of fractured ribs is less clear. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the effect of kinesiotaping for patients with rib fracture(s) on pain levels, pulmonary function, and mobility. Method: We prospectively evaluated five patients admitted with fractured ribs using a single-subject experimental ABAB design. Each phase lasted 24 hours with kinesiotape applied during B phases. All participants received usual medical, nursing, and allied health care. Outcome measures included pain levels (participant-rated), pulmonary function, and maximum mobility. The occurrence of skin irritation was tracked. Results: Considerable variability was seen between- and within-participants for pain levels. There was some evidence, albeit inconsistent, that pain levels were lower when the kinesiotape was in situ compared to when it was not. Pulmonary function and mobility levels showed no consistent pattern between intervention phases. Skin irritation occurred in one participant and another required escalation of medical therapy for pneumonia. Conclusions: Kinesiotaping may reduce pain for patients with fractured ribs but further research, preferably randomized controlled trials with homogenous samples and standardized medication regimens, is required to confirm its effectiveness in the acute care setting.
The Status of Smokeless Tobacco Use and its Associated Factors Among the Business Guilds Population of Chabahar
Authors: Mazloomy Mahmoodabad Seyed Saeed , Jadgal Mohammad Saeed , Zareban Iraj , Fallahzadeh Hossein
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Use of smokeless tobacco is a major preventable cause of premature death and diseases. It leads to over 5 million deaths annually worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the status of smokeless tobacco use and its associated factors among the business guilds population of Chabahar City, Iran. Method: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 users of various types of smokeless tobacco selected by simple random sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher-made demographic questionnaire, smokeless tobacco inventory, attitude questionnaire, and behavior questionnaire. The validity and reliability of these tools were confirmed in the previous studies. Data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive (mean, standard deviation, frequency, and %age) and inferential statistics (Kruskal-Wallis and Exact Fisher test). Results: Most of the participants used the chewing tobaccos Gutkha and Pan-Parag (24%, 95% CI= 28.7-19.4 and 23%, 95% CI= 27.7-18.5, respectively). The mean scores (standard deviations) of the participants' behavior and attitude were 7.71 (2.59) and 22.34 (7.60), respectively. The results of bivariate analysis indicated no significant difference among different smokeless tobacco groups regarding the attitude scores (P = 0.104). A significant association was observed among different groups of smokeless tobacco regarding the behavioral scores (P = 0.007). Conclusion: The scores of attitude and behavior were significantly low among the business guilds population of Chabahar City regarding consumption of smokeless tobacco. Therefore, effective steps should be taken urgently to launch social awareness programs to educate people about the consequences of tobacco use and effectiveness in curbing the problem.
The Relationship Between Physician Assistant School Admissions Exam (PA-CAT) and Undergraduate Performance Measured by Science GPA and Cumulative GPA"
Authors: Massey Scott , Yealy Johnna , Chadha Rajat , Beck David
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Physician Assistant (PA) programs often set minimum GPA and graduate record examination (GRE) requirements for admission, citing that candidates with higher admission scores will perform better in the PA program. However, to date, there are limited published studies with inconsistent results that have investigated the validity of using these preadmission characteristics to predict performance in PA programs or on the Physician Assistant National Certifying Exam (PANCE). The development of a physician assistant college admission test (PA-CAT) that has predictive validity to determine PANCE success would give PA admissions committees an additional resource to make decisions. This study was conducted to determine the strength of the relationship between PA-CAT and undergraduate cumulative and science GPA. Methods: The PA-CAT is comprised of 180 questions covering 12 subject areas based on research identifying the relative importance of that subject to success in the PA curriculum. The exam was administered through a secured computer-based testing to 479 newly admitted PA students across the United States. Regression analysis was conducted with Rasch scale scores as the dependent variable and two independent variables (undergraduate GPA and undergraduate science GPA). Results: The PA-CAT Rasch scale scores are positively correlated with undergraduate GPA (r=0.16) and undergraduate science GPA (r=0.22). Although these correlation coefficients are statistically significant (pConclusion:Early results from this research study demonstrates there is a statistically significant relationship between the PA-CAT and undergraduate science GPA in newly admitted PA students. Limitations of the study include the fact that students voluntarily took this exam without consequence. Further study is needed to determine if the exam can be generalized to the entire PA applicant pool thereby providing a valid instrument for admissions decisions.
Cognitive Evaluation: Is It Time to Require Standardized Assessments?
Authors: Swiatek Daniel , Jewell Vanessa
Published: September 2021

Mounting evidence from across the medical community supports standardized cognitive assessment and intervention. This manuscript presents a clinical perspective on the benefits of utilization of standardized assessments to inform clinical practice. Today’s value-based care initiatives demand standardized testing to support evidence-based practice. Standardized cognitive assessment would wisely be adopted into practice to help practitioners fully identify impairments preventing patients from achieving successful outcomes.
resistencia cultural a las dictaduras del Cono Sur. Un estudio comparado de la solidaridad desde Francia y Suecia con Chile y Argentina a partir de la gráfica política (1973-1990)
Authors: Camacho Padilla Fernando , Cristiá Moira
Published: September 2021

La instauración de dictaduras militares en el Cono Sur a lo largo de las décadas de los años sesenta y setenta conmocionó profundamente a los sectores progresistas de los países europeos. Si en años anteriores ya había emergido un significativo movimiento de solidaridad y apoyo a los gobiernos revolucionarios latinoamericanos, tras los golpes de Estado los comités reorientaron su labor a la acogida de exiliados y a la denuncia de las violaciones a los derechos humanos. Además de ejercer presión política, se organizaron numerosas actividades culturales, en las que participaron tanto artistas e intelectuales locales como latinoamericanos, gran parte de los cuales habían llegado como exiliados. Con el fin de reflexionar sobre el efecto, la significación y legado de esta experiencia, en este artículo se analiza en perspectiva comparada la dimensión cultural de la solidaridad en Suecia y Francia con Chile y Argentina, focalizando especialmente en la gráfica política. El trabajo concluye que mientras los exiliados conosureños intentaban debilitar a los regímenes dictatoriales desde el espacio público transnacional convocando un apoyo externo, sus aliados europeos representaban esas demandas a partir de experiencias que apelaran a la sensibilidad local. Es decir, o bien se evocaban otros ejemplos de crímenes de trascendencia internacional, o bien se las vinculaba a las propias experiencias traumáticas del pasado reciente europeo.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF THE BIODEGRADABLE LIQUID LUBRICANT FOR SAW CHAINS
Authors:   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, ZHORNIK Viktor I. , ZAPOLSKY Andrey V. ,   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, IVAKHNIK Anton V. ,   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, PARNITSKY Alexander M. ,   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Published: September 2021

The procedure of working out of the component composition of the biodegradable liquid lubricant for the saw chains is shown. The experimental statistical mathematical model is developed for the optimization of the formulation of the main base taking into account the necessary viscosity and temperature parameters. At the same time the kinematic viscosity of the base body at the temperature of 40 °C and its pure point are chosen as the optimization criteria and the following three factors are used as the optimization parameters: the content of vegetable (rapeseed) oil in the composition, the viscosity of mineral oil at the temperature of 40 °C and the content of an adhesive additive in the base composition. The component composition of the lubricant is adjusted to achieve the required level of tribological properties of the saw chain oil and to ensure the stability of all its characteristics during storage (at least 12 months) and operation at a given level of biodegradability (at least 90 %). In particular, the biodegradable calcium sulfonate grease OIMOL KSC BIO was selected as an additive to improve tribological parameters. The special adhesive additive for vegetable oils of the Petrolad 484BD brand is used to increase the sedimentation stability, and the highly refined oil of group III according to the API standard is recommended to use as a mineral component. The developed lubricant has the following characteristics: density at 15 °C — 926 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity at 40 °C — 47.3 mm2/s, kinematic viscosity at 100 °C — 9.9 mm2/s, viscosity index — 202, pour point — –28 °C, flash point — 272 °C, critical load — 872 N, welding load — 1,600 N, wear index at 200 N — 0.39 mm, biodegradability — 93 %.
Origins and Formation of the German Museum of Outstanding Achievements in Natural Science and Technology
Authors: Prysiazhniuk O.
Published: September 2021

The German Museum of Outstanding Achievements in Natural Science and Technology in Munich was founded in 1903. For three years its founder electrical engineer Oskar von Miller collected an extensive collection of historical and technical exhibits, and in 1906 the museum was opened to the public. The German Museum in Munich demonstrated for the first time that not only artists, but also technicians created masterpieces, not only philosophers, but also inventors had ingenious ideas, not only medieval objects, but also modern technology is a relic. O. von Miller formulated the most important motives and goals of the museum as follows: documentation of the role of technology for the development of society and culture; the implementation of an educational function in the presentation of technology, the achievement of a national status. The didactic principles of organizing exhibitions in the museum served to popularize natural science laws, to visually demonstrate the functional application of technical inventions. The presentation of technical objects was qualitatively different from the exhibition principles of other technical museums. Demonstration of old technologies and historical machines in action was already the norm in museum work. O. von Miller set the task of the museum to explain the technology of manufacturing technical products, such as watches, fabrics, and so on, for which fragments of workshops and factories were reproduced in exhibitions. For the first time in a technical museum, in addition to the traditional chronological display of technical inventions, the principle of operation of machines and apparatus was explained by means of experiments conducted with exhibits by visitors and museum staff. This function was extremely new for the technical museum and was nevertheless carried out mainly by the public, mainly students and young people.
Effectiveness of the Organization of Raising the Qualifications of Prosecutors by Distance and Mixed Forms
Authors: Ibraymov Askar
Published: September 2021

The article highlights the effectiveness of the introduction of distance and mixed learning technologies, a credit-modular system in the process of professional development of prosecutors. At the same time, special attention is paid to the implementation of distance and mixed professional development in formal, non-formal, informal forms of training.
Improving the Research Competence of Students in Physics (On the Example of Teaching Semiconductor Physics)
Authors: Karlibaeva Guljakhon , Ametov Ruslan
Published: September 2021

The development of the didactic provision of an improved methodology for the formation and objective assessment of the level of preparation for research activities of future physics teachers based on a competency-based approach serves to develop the component nature of future physics teachers. This article provides information about the organization of experimental work on the formation of research competencies of future physics teachers, professional tasks of a research nature of various levels of complexity; mastery of research technology.
Projection of Women Education and Empowerment Status in Pakistan: A Direct Observation Analysis of Pakistani Dramas
Authors: Butt Beenish Ijaz , Abbas Nargis , Ashiq Uzma , Sarfaraz Ammara
Published: September 2021

The sustainable development goal of gender balanced economic progress and women empowerment as a whole is not possible without the women participation in Science, Technology and Production. To prepare the mind-set of the masses particularly the youth, electronic media plays a pivotal role as a medium of informal education along with entertainment and cultural depiction of a particular society. It shows the status of various population groups of a society at a particular time especially women. The aim of the study was to explore the effects of NPDEW, 2002 on women status in television dramas. Thus, the main research question was to investigate that how far media is projecting its role in educating the individuals about the importance of shrinking the gender gap and developing the networks of skill development to increase the number of women employment and entrepreneurship. This study was qualitative in nature and direct observation analysis was used. Major derived themes from data were women status shown by Pakistani drama channels, portrayal of women status by dramas after promulgation of NPDEW, 2002 and dramas as a mean of information, education and communication. It was concluded that media remained unsuccessful in projecting expected women status in Pakistan as per NPDEW and still unable to educate the masses about the women issues.