bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrient management for yield maximization of rice (Oryza sativa)- wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
Authors: U.S. TIWANA  , R.S. NARANG  , K.S. GOSAL
Published: December 2023

A field investigation was carried out during winter 1990- rainy season 1992 on loamy sand of average fertility status. The grain yield as well as the main crop pro- ductivity parameters significantly increased with maximum economic yield fertilizer level (MEYFL) of 180,30 and 30 kglha to rice (Oryza sativa L.) and 180,60 and 0 kg1 ha to wheat (Xticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) (grown in sequence) over the recommended fertilizer level (RFL) of 120, 30 and 30 kglha to rice and 120, 60 and 30 kglha of N, P20, and K20 respectively. The MEYFL was significantly superior to RFL with yield advantages of 16.2%in rice (average grain yield 8.6 tonneslha) and 13.5% in wheat (average grain yield 5.8 tonneslha). Green-manuring with Sesbania aculeata Pers. (20-25 tonneslha green matter) saved 60 kdha equivalent of N in rice without any residual effect on wheat. The higher levels of P and K and growth regulators cycocel (1 gllitre at 45 days), followed by cytokinin (50 mgllitre at 80 days) in 500 litres waterlha did not show any significant influence on rice and wheat. The benefit :cost ratio with additional income over additional expenditure for the rice-wheat rotation at MEYFL was 2.35 with chemical fertilizer and 1.55 with green- manured series compared with 1.47 under RFL. Both crops showed higher uptake of N, P and K with MEYFL over RFL. The total uptake (kglha of N, P and K) was respectively 107, 18.8 and 94 in rice and 106, 18.3 and 97 in wheat at MEYFL; and 99, 16.5 and 88 in rice and 92, 15.8 and 97 in wheat at RFL. The rice and wheat straw component accounted only for 12 and 17% of N and 15 and 19% of P, though fraction of K retained was quite sizeable (92.1 and 82.1% respectively).
Yield, quality and nutrient removal of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as influenced by levels and sources of fertilizer
Authors: A. K. AUTI  , S.C. WADILE  , V.S. PAWAR
Published: December 2023

Response of HD 2189wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) to , different levels and sources of fertilizer was studied during the winter (rabi) season of 1993-94 and 1994-95, to investigate efficiency of 5 sources of fertilizer at 4 levels of cfertilizer in relation to yield, quality and uptake of nutrients. The grain yield, straw yield and protein content were increased significantly with the increase in levels of NPK. The yield of grain was 19.73, 30.93, 39.03 and 45.62 qlha due to application of 30,15 and 15; 60, 30 and 30; 90,45 and 45 and 120,60 and 60 kglha N, P,O, and K,O respectively. Significant improvement due to increased levels of NPK was also noticed for uptake of nutrients. There were no significant differences between the sources tried in terms of yield, protein content and uptake of nutrient, indicatingequal availability of nutrients from all sources.
? Response of barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties to nitrogen under dry temperate conditions J.P. SAINF , S.R. THAKUR2
Authors: J.P. SAINII  , S.R. THAKUR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the summer season of 1990 and 1991 to find out the response of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. s.1.) varieties to N levels. Among the varieties, Dolma registered significantly higher number of effective tillers1 m row length, harvest index and grain yield than HBL 233 and Local. Almost all the yield attributes and grain yield increased significantly with each successive increase in N levels up to 90 kglha.
Effect of date of seedling transplanting and fertility levels on potato (Solanum tuberosum) grown through true potato seed under north-east hill conditions
Authors: KAMLA SlNGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the summer season of 1992 and 1993 at Shillong to find out optimum time of true potato seed (TPS) seedling transplanting and its fertilzier requirements. Seedling survival of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was higher (90%) in April transplanting. Significant higher tuberlet production was obtained with 15 April transplanted seedlings than delayed transplanting. Every in- crease in fertility level significantly increased the tuberlet production. Linear response to fertility levels was observed on all the dates of seedling transplanting. The highest (274.4 qlha) tuberlet production was obtained when seedling was transplanted on 15 April and supplemented with 160, 160 and 60 kglha of N, P,O, and K20 respectively. This treatment gave tuberlet production in ratio of 21 : 66 : 13 of large (> 80 g), medium (20-80 g) and small (< 20 g) respectively. The lowest (131.3 q/ha) tuberlet production was recorded when seedling was transplanted on 15 May and fertilized @ 80 kg N, 80 kg P20, and 60 kg K,O/ha. Size of tuberlet production was recorded in ratio of 9 : 71 : 20 with this treatment. More than 80% tuberlets were of marketable size (z 20 g) in all the treatments.
Productivity and economics of different wheat (Triticum aestivum) based cropping sequences
Authors: S. C. TRIPATHI  , D. S. CHAUHAN  , R. K. SHARMA  , P. DHILLON
Published: December 2023

. A field study was carried out for three years at the experimental f a n of the Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal to compare the productivity and economics of six important wheat based cropping sequences. Among the crop sequences tried, the most remunerative crop sequence was the one where Pusa Basmati were grown during kharif and wheat during rabiseason with and without green manuring in one year crop rotation followed by the sequences where a crop of berseem was included during rabi or soybean and Pusa Basmati were grown during kharif in two-year rotation. Maize-wheat rotation gave the lowest average returns and the least profit. In basmati-rice-wheat sequence, on an average about 85% net return was contributed by basmati rice and only 15% by wheat. Among the crops, the most remunerative was basmati rice followed by berseem, soybean and last profitable was maize. J
.Response of fertilizers in maize (Zea mays)-wheat (Triticum I _- aestivum)-cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cropping system
Authors: D. SINGH  , D. S. RANA  , R. N. PANDEY  , K. KUMAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted for 3 years on a Typic Ustochrept of Delhi under the All-India Co-ordinated Research Project on Long-Term Fertilizer Experiments with different fertilizer combinations following maize (Zea mays L.)- wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.)-cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] (fodder) sequence. Soil-test based 100% optimum recommended dose of 120,60 and 40 kglha N, P,O, and K,O for wheat and maize and 20,40 and 20 kglha for cowpea showed significantly higher grain and straw or stover yields of both grain crops as well as the dry-fodder yield of cowpea during all the 3 years than unfertilized plots. Use of N or NP alone yielded quite low, comparable to 50% of the recommended dose. NPK + FYM gave as high yield of maize as the superoptimal dose of 150% and consistently higher yield of wheat grain. Use of S or Zn or hand-weeding showed no yield advantage. The FYM I _ - treatment maintained high level of fodder yield of cowpea.
Growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under difhrent tree spacings of Dalbergia sissoo based agrisilviculture
Authors: D. P. NANDAL  , P. RANA  , A. KUMAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1994-95 and 1995-96 to find out the response of five wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties to two spacings of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. in an agrisilviculture system. Both the tree canopies of 5 x 5 m spacing and 10 x 10 rn spacings of D. sissoo had adverse effect on plant dry matter production, leaf area index, earheadslrn and grainsleainead of intercropped wheat, resulting in 71 per cent decrease in wheat yield under 5 x 5 m spacing and 24 per cent under 10 x 10 rn spacing as compared to control (without trees) field. Among the wheat varieties, WH 533 and WH 542 showed greater tolerance to shade and their yield did not differ significantly from control when intercropped with 10 x 10 m spacing of D. sissoo.
Weed management in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa) under Ghaggar flood plains of north-west Rajasthan
Authors: S. K. SHARMA  , S. R. BHUNIA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif seasons of 1994.1 995 and 1996 to work out the relative efficacy of herbicides applied alone or in combination with supplemental hand weeding to control weeds in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Ghaggar flood plains of north-west Rajasthan. Pre- emergence application of pendimethalin Q 1.5 kg a.i./ha supplemented with one hand weeding at 30 days after transplanting showed the highest weed control efficiency (80.37%) and yield attributes 248.1 (effective panicles/m2, 137.0 filled grains/panicle and 29.64 g 1000-grain weight as well as grain (72.64 q/ha) and straw (8813 qlha) yields of rice with maximum additional net return (Rs. 4056). However, butachlor and benthiocarb proved at par with pendimethalin when applied alone. Two hand weeding treatments though significantly reduced the weed biomass and improved the grain yield, yet owing to higher labour cost reduced the benefit-cost ratio.
.- Weed competitiveness of a few transplanted ahu rice (Oryza sativa) varieties i
Authors: J. K. CHOUDHARY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during autumn (ahu) season of 1994 and 1995 at Karimganj to study weed competitiveness of a few transplanted ahu rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. Grain yield loss due to weed competition in IR 36 was 7.30% in 1994 and 17.63% in 1995 compared to about 10-18 and 22-37% in respective years in Lachit, Chilarai, Rasi, Cauvery, Kmj 10-3-1 and Kasalath. IR 36 also recorded the lowest weed population and weed dry weight among the varieties.
Studies on irrigation requirement of chickpea (Cicer arietinum)
Authors: M. K. KAUSHIK  , A. K. CHAUBEY
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the winter season of 1992193 and 1993- 94 showed on a sandy loam soil showed that chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) responded significantly to irrigation. Application of one irrigation at branching (45 days after sowing, DAS ) produced significantly higher grain yield as compared with no-irrigation and one at pre-flowering (75 DAS) or at pod filling stage ( 105 DAS). Two irrigations at branching and pod filling stage gave the maximum grain yield. The maximum water use efficiency was recorded with one irrigation at branching.
Management options for judicious use of phosphatic fertilizers in a rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping system
Authors: BADRUL HASAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment comprising rice (Oryza sativa L.)-rapeseed [Brassica campestris (L.) var brown sarson] crop rotation was conducted during 1990 to 1995 with 3 P20, levels and 6 phases of its application at Shalimar. Application of phosphorus recorded significant increase in grain yields with increase in P205 levels from 30 to 90 kg ha, the effect being more pronounced in rice than rapeseed. Phosphorus applied @ 60 kglha every year to both crops proved superior to other phases (frequencies) of application which was also reflected in rice yield equivalent (RYE). Kharif applied P,05 (to rice) registered maximum overall RYES as compared to rabiapplied P,O, (to rapeseed). Higher P rates and its repeated application every year resulted in higher P build up in soil. Though long term application every year resulted in higher P build up in soil.
Effect of frequency of zinc application on yield of rice (Oryza sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) in rice-wheat sequence
Authors: D. S. MEHLA
Published: December 2023

Effect .of Zn application frequency was studied in rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) cropping system in a field experiment conducted during 1989-92 at Kaul. The Zn @ 5 kgtha when applied to rice every year proved most economical and resulted in higher yields of both rice and wheat.
Phosphorus management in opium-poppy (Papaver somniferum)-based cropping system
Authors: N. S. SOLANKI  , . L. SHARMA  , M. P. SAHU
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 1990-93 to study phosphorus management (control, 40 kg P2051ha in kharif, 40 kg P,O J ha in rabi and 40 kg P2051ha in rabi and kharif both on opium-poppy in poppy (Papaver sommiferum L.)-based cropping systems (maize-poppy, urdbean- poppy and groundnut-poppy). On the basis of 3 years poppy in urdbean-poppy cropping system recorded maximum seed (995 kglha) and capsule husk (1 149 kglha) yields. The maximum mean seed (1,048 kglha), capsule husk (1,207 kgl ha) and latex (43.58 kglha) were obtained with 40 kg P20,/ha applied in both kharif and rabi, but it was at par with that applied in rabi in all 3 years. Further, urdbean-poppy cropping system also had significant higher P-uptake by seed, capsule husk and stover in comparison to maize-poppy and groundnut-poppy. The maximum net returns (Rs 65,334lha) obtained with the 40 kg P205/ha in both kharif and rabi in urdbean-poppy cropping system followed by 40 kg P20 Jha in rabi in urdbean-poppy cropping system (Rs 62,6061ha)
Effect of planting pattern and nutrient management on yield and yield attributing characters of teosinte (Euchluena maxicana) + ricebean (Vigna umbelluta) intercropping
Authors: S. CHOUBEY  , R.K. BHAGAT  , V.C. SRIVASTAVA  , N.K. PRASAD
Published: December 2023

The experiment conducted at Ranchi, during Kharif 1994 and 1995 to study the effect of planting pattern and nutrients management on forage production of teosinte [Euchlaena mexicana (L.) Schard] + ricebean [Vigna umbellata (thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi] intercropping, indicated that teosinte grown in association of ricebean in 2 : 1 row ratio and fertilized with 75% of the recommended dose of nutrient (1 00% NPK : for teosinte 100 50 : 25 and for ricebean 30:60:25 kglha) produced significantly : the highest green forage (245.70 @ha) yield. However, the highest dry matter (41.46 @ha) and crude protein (5.24 @a) yields were recorded from the treatment receiving 75 and 100% of the recommended dose of nutrient respectively under 2 : 1 row - arrangement and they were significantly superior to rest of the combinations. The interaction effect of 100% of the recommended dose of nutrient with 2 : 1 row ratio planting pattern also produced maximum plant population. The higher levels (75% or 100%) of nutrients when combined with 1 : 2 stand of teosinte and ricebean recorded the highest plant height in ricebean and maximum number of tillers in teosinte and were significantly superior to rest of the treatment combination.
Weed management in transplanted rice (Oryza under sativa) Ghaggar flood plains of north-west Rajasthan
Authors: S.K. SHARMA  , S.R. BHUNIA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif seasons of 1994,1995 and 1996 to work out the relative efficacy of herbicides applied alone or in combination with supplemental hand weeding to control weed in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg a. i.ha supplemented with 1 hand weeding at 30 days after transplanting showed the highest weed control efficiency (80.37%) and yield attributes (248.1 effective panicles/m2, 137.0 filled grains/ panicle and 29.64 g 1000-grain weight) as well as grain (72.64 m a ) and straw (88.13 m a ) yields of rice with maximum additional net return (Rs 4,056). However, butachlor and benthiocarb proved on par with pendimethalin when applied alone. Though 2 hand weedings treatment significantly reduced the weed biomass and improved the grain yield, owing to higher labour cost reduced the benefit : cost ratio.
Effect of sowing dates on winter maize (Zea mays) varieties in command area of southern Rajasthan
Authors: M.K. PORWAL  , H.K. JAlN
Published: December 2023

A 3 years field study (1994-97) revealed that winter maize sown in first fortnight of November gave maximum grain yield of 48.2 qlha with maximum net return of Rs 22,109lha. Early and delayed sowings to mid-November reduced the grain yield by 3.9 to 66.4% and net return by Rs 3,059-16,387lha. Least grain yield (1 6.2 @ha) and net return (Rs 4,730lha) were realised when maize was sown on 25 December. Full season composite Mahi Dhawal yielded 11.9% higher over early composite Mahi Kanchan (32.7 qlha), thus latter was better choice in late sown conditions at tail end of canal.
Physiological parameters and grain yield as influenced by time of transplanting and rice (Oryzasativa) hybrids
Authors: HARl OM  , S.K. KATYAL  , S.D. DHIMAN  , O.P. SHEORAN.
Published: December 2023

A field experiment comprising 4 dates of transplanting (15, 25 June and 5, 25 July) in conjunction with 4 genotypes (3 hybrids : OR1 161 PMS2AlIR31802, PMSlOA/PR106 and 1 inbred variety HKR 126) was conducted during rainy season of 1993 and 1994. Crop-growth rate (CGR) prior to panicle-initiation (PI) stage was higher in July transplanting, whereas it increased significantly in 25 June planting during post-PI stage through flowering period. Leaf-area duration (LAD) during pre-PI stage was the longest in the most delayed planting, but 25 June planting excelled over other dates during flowering period of crop growth. Leaf-area ratio (LAR) was the highest in June-planted crop at all the time intervals. Panicles/m2, grain and straw yields were higher in 25 June-planted crop, followed by 5 July. Spikelet sterility was maximum in 25 July and minimum in 25 June-transplanted crop. Hybrid OR1 161 (PHB 71) exhibited superiority to other genotypes in CGR, LAD, grain yield and straw yield. Spikelet sterility (%) was lowest in OR1 161, followed by HKR 126.
Nitrogen, sulphur and calcium relationship in sustainable production of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) on denuded land
Authors: R. A. SlNGH
Published: December 2023

A relationship of nitrogen, sulphur and calcium for sustainable production of lndian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czemj. & Cosson] on denuded sandy-loam soils was investigated, during winter seasons of 1993-94 and 1994-95. Varuna lndian mustard was tested under 5 levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kgl ha) and 3 levels of sulphur + calcium (So+ Ca, S,, + Ca, and S, + Ca, kgha). Use of nitrogen in nutrients denuded soils established a strong relationship for grain production of lndian mustard. Branches, pods, pod weight, seeds weight/ plant and 1,000-grain weight increased significantly with each successive increase in the level of N from 0 to 160 kg and S from 0 to 50 + Ca from 0 to 100 kglha. The increase in the yield after 120 kg N/ha was significant by a margin of 3.79 @ha or 13.07% with higher dose of 160 kg N/ha. The use of 50 kg S + 100 kg Cdha also increased grain yield by a margin of 1.99 @ha or 8.35 % and 3.33 qlha or 14.75% over 25 kg S + 50 kg Cdha and the control respectively. The significant maximum yield by 34.87 @ha was reaped with the use of 160 kg N + 50 kg S + 100 kg Cdha.
Effect of potassium application in rice (Oryza sativahwheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
Authors: JANARDAN SINGH  , C. M. SINGH
Published: December 2023

Nine fertilizer treatments comprising levels, time of application and one control were evaluated on cultivators fields of western Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of potassium application in rice (Oryza sativa L.)-wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori, Paol.] cropping system. The highest values of yield attributes, yield, and N and K uptake were recorded at K,, irrespective of the time of K application in both the crops. Simultaneous application of nitrogen and potassium proved superior to lone application of nitrogen. The maximum K-use efficiency and benefit : The absolute cost ratio were obtained with .K,N, control treatment showd the lowest values of yield attributes, yield and N and K uptake in both the crops. The depletion of exchangeable K was more in K control (53-97 kg Klha) and low in the treatment receiving K (18-47 kg ma).
Yield and yield components of rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) as influenced by in situ moisture conservation practices and integrated nutrient management in vertisols of semi-arid tropics of India
Authors: S. L PATIL  , M. N. SHEELAVANTAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 1994-95 and 1995-96 to study the effect of in situ moisture-conservation practices, organic sources and nitrogen levels on yield and yield components of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in the vertisols of Bijapur. The formation of compartmental bunds and ridges and furrows improved the yield components , significantly over flat bed due to increased availability of moisture and nutrients. Application of subabul @ 2.5 Vha proved beneficial in increasing the yield and yield components over farmyard manure (FYM) Q 2.5 tlha and vermicompost @ - -- 1.O. Vha. Application of nitrogen up to 50 kg increased the yield, water-use efficiency (WLIE) and yield components.
Effect of rate of nitrogen and time of applica1;ion on yield and economics of babycorn (Zea mays)
Authors: A.K. PANDEY  , VED PRAKESH  , V.P. MAN  , R.D. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rainy season (kharif) of 1996, 1997 and 1998 to study the effect of dose and time of N application on yield, yield attributes and monetary returns of babycorn (Zea mays L.). Results showed that increased N doses favourably affected the yield attributes, yield and monetary returns. Application 120 kg Nlha gave significantly higher yield (21.9 and 7.9 ) and more net return (Rslha 7272,27.3% and 2690, 8.6%) compared with 60 and 90 kglha respectively. Benefit : cost ratio was also the highest at 120 kg/ha N. Different N schedules also influenced the babycorn yield, yield attributes and economic returns. The highest improvement in yield attributes and babycorn yield were recorded with the application of N in 2 equal splits at sowing and knee-high stages. This N schedule also provided the highest values of net return and benefit :cost ratio.
Effect of herbicidal weed management in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) and ik residual effect on succeeding lentil (Lens culinaris)
Authors: G. SINGH  , B.B. SINGH  , R.L. AGARWAL  , R. NAYAK
Published: December 2023

. A field experiment was conducted during wet and dry seasons of 1995-97 to study the effect of herbicidal weed-management practices in controlling weeds in rice (Oryza satilva L.) and its residual effect on the succeeding lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) in rainfed lowlands. Pre-emergence mixture of anilofos+2,4- DEE (0.3+0.5 kg a.i.ha) followed by 1 hand-weeding at 40 days after sowing in rice recorded the lower population and dry weight of weeds significantly compared with butachlor and pendimethalin in both crops. Weedy check till maturity in rice reduced the grain yield of rice by 50.1% compared to weed-free till maturity. The yield of succeeding lentil was the highest in the plots of rice which received anilofos + 2,4-DEE as pre-emergence and 1 hand-weeding at 40 days after sowing. This treatment also gave the higher benefit :cost ratio (2.50).
Effect of weed control and sulphur on yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and their residual effect on summer greengram (Phaseolus radiatus)
Authors: V. NEPALIA  , G.L. JAlN
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during 1993-94 and 1994-95 to study the effect of weed control and sulphur levels on yield of lndian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson] and their residual effect on succeeding summer greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.). All weed-control practices resulted in significantly reduced density and dry matter of weeds infesting crop of lndian mustard. Pre-emergence application of oxadiazon 0.5, oxyflurofen 0.125 pendimethalin 0.75, isoproturon 0.5 kglha and hand-weeding 30 days after sowing increased seed yield by 72.3,59.6,55.3,45.7 and 59.6% during 1993-94 and by 67.4,55.6,50.0,42.4 and 55.6% during 1994-95 over the weedy check (9.4 and 10.6 qlha respectively). Application of sulphur @ 60 kglha increased the seed yield by 22.9 and 29.7% over the control (12.2 and 12.8 qlha) during 2 years. Weed dry matter at 30 days, yield attributes and yield of succeeding summer greengram crop remained unaffected by weed-control practices of preceding crop. Application of 60 kg Slha to lndian mustard resulted in 19.3 and 30.0% increase in yield of succeeding greengram over the control (9.25 and 8.29 qlha).
Effect of row ratio on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) + soybean (Glycine max) intercropping system in rainfed Vertisols
Authors: P. SUBBIAN  , R. SELVARAJU
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during north-east monsoon season of 1997- 98 and 1998-99 at Coimbatore, to study the influence of different row ratios on yield and economics of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] + soybean [Glycine ma% (L.) Merr.] intercropping under rainfed vertisol conditions. Growing sorghum + soybean at 3:6 ratio was the best for getting higher grain yields, net returns and benefit :cost ratio. Key words : + soybean intercropping, Row ratio, Sorghum Sorghum equivalent, Economics
Effect of fertilizer and weed management on nutrient economy and yield of wheat (%ticum aestivum)
Authors: I.B. PANDEY  , S.S. THAKUR  , S.J. SlNGH  , S.S. MISHRA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 1996-97 and 1997-98 to study the effect of fertilizer levels and weed management on nutrient economy and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). Fertilizer rate of 160, 80 and 60 kg N, P and Wha recorded significantly higher yield attributes, i.e. tillersfm row length, ear length, grainsfear and grain yield, but failed to achieve significant increase in net return over 120, 60 and 40 kg N, P and Wha which accrued the maximum benefit : cost ratio. Among the weed- management practices, though hand-weeding resulted in significantly higher yield attributes and grain yield than 2, 4-D and mixture of isoproturon and 2, 4-D, the differences in net returns were non-significant. Weed control through herbicides recorded significantly higher benefit : cost ratio than hand-weeding. The yield obtained at lower levels of fedilizer with effective control of weeds was at par with the yield obtained even at the highest level of fertilizer (160, 80 and 60 kg N, P and Wha) under weedy check. Fertilizer levels recorded significantly higher weed count and weed dry biomass than no fertilizer treatment. Among the weed-control treatments, minimum weed dry biomass and higher weed-control efficiency were recorded in hand-weeded plot. The herbicides tested were equally effective in controlling the weeds and providing the grain yield.
Quality and productivity of promising sugarcane (Saccharum offcinarum) genotypes under various planting seasons and nitrogen levels in subtropical India
Authors: M.B PANDEY  , S.K. SHUKLA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 199597 and 1996-98 to study the effect of different genotypes (CoS 90269, CoPant 90223 and CoS 86218) of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) with various planting seasons (autumn, spring and summer) and nitrogen levels (1 12.5, 150 and 187.5 kg Nlha) on cane quality, productivity and economics of sugarcane production system. Genotype CoPant 90223 gave the highest commercial cane sugar equivalent yield (12.2 .. and 12.8 tonnestha in December and February respectively), cane equivalent yield (100.68 tonnestha), net returns (Rs 48,068tha) and benefit : cost (1.8). Intercropping of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson] with autumn sugarcane was found advantageous over sole cane planting and resulted maximum cane-equivalent yield (94.0 tonnestha), CCS equivalent (1 1.9 tonnesl ha) and net return (Rs 38,262lha). Increasing nitrogen levels during both the seasons increased cane yield and net return.
Effect of nitrogen application on grain yield and incidence of grain mottling of durum wheat (Eticum durum)
Authors: VIRENDER SARDANA
Published: December 2023

A 2-year field investigation was conducted on sandy-loam soils of Gurdaspur, to study the influence of nitrogen application on yield and grain mottling incidence on varieties of durum (Tritcum dunrm Desf.) wheat. Significant increase in grain and straw yields and reduction in grain mottling were observed with application of nitrogen up to 120 and 160 kglha, respectively, though increasing trend of grain yield continued up to 160 kg N/ha in both the years. Differences among different varieties for growth, yield attributes (except 1,000-grain weight), grain and straw yields were also significant. Varieties PDW 245 and PDW 251 gave the highest grain yield with 160 kg Wha which was on a par with that of PBW 34 and WH 91 2 at the same level of nitrogen. The lowest grain mottling incidence was also recorded in PDW 251 when it received 160 kg M a . Grain mottling incidence in PDW 233 and Raj 6513 was also low at 160 kg Wha.
Response of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) to nitrogen and phosphorus on Torripsamments of north-western Rajasthan
Authors: N.R. BHARI  , R.K. SlAG  , P.S. MANN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 1993-94, 1994-95 and 1995-96 to study the effect of nitrogen (30,60, 90 and 120 kg Nlha) and phosphorus (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg P,05 kglha) on Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson]. Application of N up to 120 kglha resulted in significant increase in plant height, primary and secondary branches and siliquael plant except for seedslsiliqua and 1,000-seed weight up to 90 kg Nlha. Phosphorus application up to 45 kg P205/ha resulted in significant increase in plant height, secondary branches and siliquaelplant. With the increased supply of P up to 45 kg P205/ha, the N need of the crop was raised up to 120 kglha for significantly higher seed yield (17.05 qlha). Irrespective of P application, the seed yield increased up to the application of 120 kg Nlha.
Productivity of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) genotypes under different levels of fertility and spacing
Authors: R.S.S. TOMAR  , A.L. KUSHWAHA  , R. JULKA  , K.C. MANDLOI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 1993 and 1994 at Indore, to evaluate the productivity of different plant types (KH 100-2237 l and 79 BH 5-3) of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under various fertility levels (i.e. 40 20 l0,60 30 : 15 and 80 40 20 kg N : : : : : : : P Wha) and planting geometries (60 cm x 30 cm, 60 cm x 45 cm and 60 cm x 60 cm). KH 100-2237 had higher cotton yield, lint yield, bollslplant and yieldlplant but significantly low seed and lint index. Plant spacing did not have significant effect on seed-cotton yield, lint yield, boll size and physical parameters. However, closer intra-row - planting gave numerically higher seed-cotton yield than wider inter-row spaced crop at 60 cm x 60 cm, but reverse trend was noted for bollslplant and yieldlplant. Application of 80, 40 and 20 kg N,P and Wha recorded significantly higher yield of cotton, lint yield and seed index. However, the various F levels did not have any impact on yield attributes.
Performance of intercropping legumes in fingermillet (Eleusine coracana) at varying fertility levels
Authors: S. MAITRA  , D.C. GHOSH  , G. SOUNDA  , P.K. JANA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted during the monsoon season of 1994 and 1995 showed that sole groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) higher dry matter yield, leaf area index and crop growth rate at early growth stages but sole groundnut, fingermillet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.] pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] and fingermillet groundnut intercropping recorded higher values of the above growth attributes at later stages. Sole fingermillet produced more earslm2 but fingermillet pigeonpea intercropping recorded more fingerslear than other cropping systems. Among the legumes, pigeonpea recorded greater number of pod?/plant, whereas greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.) produced higher number of seedslpod and groundnut had the highest test weight. Sole groundnut produced the highest pod and chaff yields. Fingermillet groundnut, fingermillet pigeonpea and sole fingermillet also gave higher yield than other cropping systems. Application 60 kg N, 30 kg P,O, and 30 kg 6OIha recorded more dry matter yield, leaf area index and crop growth rate. It helped in increasing fingers1 ear, podslplant and seeds or kemelslpod over the low fertility levels zt .l resulted in higher yield of all the crops under sole and intercropping systems. Sole groundnut at high fertility level gave the highest yield.
Influence of intercropping and weed control measures on dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake by sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and their effect on succeeding maize (Zea mays.)
Authors: V.B. SlNGH N D GAJENDRA GlRl
Published: December 2023

An experiment conducted during the spring seasons of 1996 and 1997 revealed that sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown in 1:2 ratio of intercropping recorded significantly higher dry matter. However highest N and P uptake was recorded from the sole crop. Intercropping suppressed the dry matter accumulation and N and P uptake of groundnut. Weed control measures enhanced the dry matter accumulation of both sunflower and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Combined application of pendimethalin and 1 hand weeding recorded the highest dry matter of both component crops. On an average, combined application of both weed control measures showed 30.5 and 46.0% higher uptake of N and P by sunflower and 222 and 370% by groundnut respectively. Productivity and N uptake of maize (Zea mays C.) was significantly higher when it was preceded by intercropping of sunflower and groundnut. Weeds controlled by both pendimethalin and 1 hand weeding also enhanced the productivity and N uptake by succeeding maize.
Performance of puddling equipment and self propelled rice transplanter in crop establishment and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa) S.D. DHIMAN, D.P. NANDAL, HARl OM, T.R. SHARMA , VIJAYA RAN
Authors: S.D. DHIMAN  , D.P. NANDAL  , HARI OM  , T.R. SHARMA  , VIJAYA RANI
Published: December 2023

A study was undertaken at Rice Research Station, Kaul, Haryana, during the rainy seasons of 1998 and 1999, to find out the suitable level of puddling and sedimentation period requirement for the smooth working of the transplanter in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Three puddling methods, viz. farmers practice (2 puddling harrow), Chinese power tiler (once) and rotavator (once), were tried along with 3 sedimentation periods (2,3 and 4 days after puddling). Better quality of puddling was obtained in the plot prepared by rotavator over the other methods. This might be due to higher puddling index (61.5 and 50.4%) and puddling depth (1 0 and 11.7 cm) durjng 1998 and 1999 respectively. Bulk density in the upper layer (0 15 cm) was found to be lower than 15 30 cm depth irrespective of puddling methods. Number of hills/m2, seedlings/hill and missing hills/m2 did not vary significantly with puddling methods and sedimentation period. However, missing hills/m2 were higher with rotavator puddling over other methods of puddling. These were also higher with sedimentation period of 2 days over 3 and 4 days of sedimentation. Significantly higher grain yield (68.1 5 and 66.1 1 qlha) was recorded from the field puddled with rotavator than other methods of puddling, during both the years. Significantly higher grain yield and panicles/m2 were recorded with 3 and 4 days sedimentation period than 2 days during 1999 of study.
Effect of tillage and fertilizer on productivity of wheat (Tn ticum under dry seeded and transplanted rice aestivum) conditions ,, \, . S.C. TRIPATHI , D.S, CHAUHAN
Authors: S.C. TRIPATHI  , D.S. CHAUHAN
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 1993 94 and 1994 95 to study the effect of tillage and NPK level on productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori 8 Paol.) under dry seeded and transplanted rice conditions. Combined analysis showed that wheat yield under dry seeded rice plot (45.0 qlha) was significantly higher (8.2%) than transplanted rice (41.3 qlha). Zero tillage (46.2 qlha) recorded significantly higher yield (13.2%) and its attributing parameters as compared with yield ahd its component characters pcorded under conventional tillage (40.1 qha). Application of 150:75:50 kglha (N:P:K) resulted in significantly higher grain yield (44.7 qlha), 1,000 grain weight and spikeslm2 than recommended dose of N:P:K (120:60:40 kglha) application (38.3 qlha). Interactions among rice seedingltrarrsplanting methods, tillage practices and NPK level on wheat yield were significant. Under zero tillage, 25 and 50% higher dose of NPK application exhibited 7.5 and 6.3 q/ha more gram yield, respectively, than yield recorded with same level of NPK application under conventional tillage condition. Zero tillage resulted in 3 and 9 q more grain yieldlha, which was significantly higher compared to yield recorded with canventional tillage under dry seeded and transplanted rise respectively. In transplanted rice condition, under zero tillage, application of 25 and 50% higher dose of NPK recorded significantly higher grain yield (1 0 12 qlha more) than conventional tillage. Under dry seeded rice, conventional tillage with 25 to 50% higher dose of NPK application exhibited significantly higher yield than yields obtained under transplanted rice.
Effect of nitrogen, its application time and sulphur on yield and quality of soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: S.P. SINGH  , K.N. BANSAL  , V. NEPALIA
Published: December 2023

An experiment with 3 nitrogen levels (30,60 and 90 kglha), 3 times of nitrogen application (full basal, Yi basal Yi top dressing and %) basal % top dressing % foliar spray) and 3 sulphur levels (0,30 and 60 kglha was conducted during the rainy season (kharifj season of 1995 and 1996. An application of 60 kg Nlha resulted in 22.1 and 21 .l% increase in seed yield during the first and second year over 30 kg Nlha. The respective increase in stover and biological yields was 17.8 and 17.1 and 19.1 and 18.2%. The oil and protein content of seed remained at par at all levels of N, while oil and protein yield increased significantly up to 60 kg Ma. During both the years minimum seed yield (1 7.37 and 17.64 qlha) was observed with all basal application. The 2 methods involving splitting of N were at par in this regards and significantly superior to all basal. Similar trend of results was observed for stover and biological yields. Although the oil and protein content of seed remained unaffected by time of N application, full basal resulted in statistically lower oil and protein yields than the remaining 2 methods which were at par, with each other. Mean seed yield obtained under 60 kg Slha was 18.97 qlha, being significantly higher over the control, and there was no significant variation from 0 to 30 and 30 to 60 kg Slha. Similar trend was observed for stover, biological, oil and protein yields.
Effect of irrigation management on physiology and productivity of soybean (Glycine max)
Authors: S. ELAMATHI  , S.D. SUNDAR SlNGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during summer and monsoon seasons of max (L.) Merr.] Col with 2 irrigation levels, viz. 1996 using soybean [Glycine 0.40 and 0.60 lW : CPE ratio, 3 methods of irrigation, viz. all furrow, alternate furrow and paired row furrow, and 4 management practices comprising coirpith application, KC1 0.5% at peak flowering stage, Kaolin 3% foliar spray at 30,45 and 65 days after sowing and control. The crop growth and yield were better in monsoon than in summer. Irrigation at 0.60 IW : CPE ratio through all furrow method recorded lower canopy temperature, lower transpiration rate, higher relative leaf water content (RLWC) and stomatal diffusive resistance (SDR) which resulted in higher seed yield. All management practices, viz. coirpith, KC1 and Kaolin, separately maintained higher tissue water content than in the control.
Performance of winter groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) with polythene mulch under rainfed condition of Manipur valley
Authors: SANJEEV KUMAR  , S.V. NGACHAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season 1997 98 and 1998 99 at Manipur centre, Lamphelpat Farm, Imphal, to study performance of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as rainfed crop under polythene mulch in broad bed furrow (BBF) and flat bed system of sowing. Higher production potential of JL 24 groundnut (1,602 kg and 2J80.7 kg pod yieldlha) was recorded with polymulch over unmulched condition (875 kg and 1,063 kg pod yieldlha). The vegetative and reproductive phases also differed under mulched and unmulched conditions. Germination was recorded 10 12 days earlier while maturity delayed by 15 20 days under polythene mulch. Number of branches/ plant, dry matter accumulationlplant, pod weight and 100 kernel weight were found significantly higher under polymulched condition than unmulched condition.
Integrated weed management in maize (Zea mays)
Authors: A.K. PANDEY  , V. PRAKASH  , R.D. SlNGH  , V.P. MAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was cbnducted at Almora during 1994 96 to find out most effective control measure for weeds in rainy season maize (Zea mays L.) under rainfed conditions. Pre emergence atrazine (1.25 kg/ha), pendimethalin (1.50 kg/ ha) and alachlor (2.00 kg/ha) alone and in combination with 3 post emergence (30 days after sowing) control measures, viz. hand weeding, paraquat (0.50 kg/ ha) and earthing up the crop were compared with weed free and weedy check treatmeis. None of the pre emergence herbicides alone provided desired control of weeds. However, alachlor proved most effective [weed control efficiency (WCE) 65.0%], followed by pendimethalin (WCE 63.1 %) and atrazine , (WCE 58.9%). Atrazine was more effective against Ageratum conyzoides L. and less effective against Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link and Brachiaria ramosa stapf than pendimethalin or alachlor. Inclusion of all post emergence weed control measures in any pre emergence herbicide markedly improved WCE, yield attributes and grain yield. However, earthing up the crop proved most effective, followed by hand weeding and paraquat. Highest grain yield (4,080 kglha), superior yield attributes, net return (Rs.4,585lha) and benefit : cost ratio (1.30) were recorded under alachlor earthing up the crop. This treatment being at par with weed free also had higher WCE than all treatments.
Response of french bean (Phaseobs vulgaris) varieties to plant density and nitrogen application
Authors: R  , DHANJAL  , OM PRAKASH  , L.P.S. AHLAWAT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1996 97 and 1997 98 at Baraut, Uttar Pradesh, to study the response of french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to plant density and N on sandy loam soil analysing low in available N and medium in available P and K with pH 7.5. Varieties showed differential performance for growth and yield attributes. HUR 87 was the tallest with more seedslpod, whereas VL 63 recorded the maximum brancheslplant. Variety PDR 14 produced the maximum number of podslplant and bolder seeds which finally led to higher seed and stover yields, and hamest index. Lowest plant density of 250 x 1O3 plantslha recorded markedly higher values of growth and yield attributes, except plant height which was the maximum with the highest plant density of 500 x 10 plntsIha. Medium plant density (333x1O3 plantslha) resulted in markedly higher yield than lower and higher plant densities. Higher plant density resulted in the highest stover yield. Lower and medium plant densities recorded higher harvest index over higher plant density. The growth and yield attributes and yields (grain and stover) increased with increasing rates of N up to 120 kglha. This level of N also recorded higher hamest index over no nitrogen.
Response of linseed (Linum usitatissimum) varieties to fertility levels under rainfed condition
Authors: DlLlP KUMAR BASTIA  , SUSANTA KUMAR MOHANTY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Research Station, Bhawanipatna, during the winter seasons of 1993 94 to 1995 96, to find out suitable linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties for rainfed condition along with economic optimum fertility level. Variety Laxmy 27 outyielded other varieties with a yield level of 588.41 kglha. This was found to be statistically on a par with varieties Pusa 3 (550.59 kglha) and Kiran (524.1 9 kglha). The economic optimum dose of fertilizer was found to be 40,20 and 10 kg N, P and Wha, with . . yield level of 594.72 kglha with a benefit :cost ratio of 1.46.
Yield, quality and economics as influenced by winter maize (Zea mays) based intercropping system in eastern Uttar Pradesh
Authors: B.N. MISRA  , BHAGWAN SINGH  , A.L. RAJPUT
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during winter (rabq season of 1994 95 and 1995 96 to evaluate the yield, quality and economics of winter maize (Zea mays L.) based intercropping system under different planting pattern system and fertility level at Kumarganj (Faizabad). Maize grown with lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) was more advantageous than rajma (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and I ndian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. Cosson] and gave significantly highest average maize yield (74.0 qlha), intercrop yield (1 1.4 qlha), maize equivalent yield (104.3 qlha), uptake of W, P and K (168.9, 23.7 and 158.7 kglha), protein content (lo%), carbohydrate content (68.7%), gross returns (Rs. 49,672/ha), net returns (Rs 32,5711ha) and benefit : cost ratio (1.91) over other intercropping system owing to minimum competition between crops. The paired planting pattern gave significantly higher yield (91.34 qlha), uptake of nutrients, contents of protein and carbohydrate and monetary returns as well as income equivalent ratio (1.48) over alternate planting pattern. Application up to 100 h recommended dose of fertilizer to intercrop increased significantly maize, lentil and maize equivalent yields of 69.5, 11.1 and 93.5 qlha, uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 159.1, 25.4 and 145.8 kglha and content of protein and carbohydrate 10.1 and 70.1%. However, gross returns, net returns and benefit : cost ratio of Rs 47,865/ha, Rs 30,7641ha and 1.80 were significantly increased with increasing up to 50% recommended dose of fertilizer to intercrop. Growth and yjeld components such as plant height, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, rowslcob, test weight and shelling (%) showed trends similar to yields. The intercropping system when maize was grown with lentil row with 50% recommended dose of fertilizer to intercrop was found to be more profitable.
Water requirement of late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum) under limited water availability in Jharkhand plateau
Authors: S.K. PAL  , R. THAKUR  , U.N. VERMA  , M.K. SlNGH  , R.R. UPASANI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1995 97 at the university farm, Ranchi, in randomized block design, replicated thrice, to find out the water requirement of late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.) under different irrigation schedules. Treatment consisted of 11 irrigation schedules based of frequency (4, 3 and 2) and time of application. Wheat with 4 irrigations at crown root initiation, maximum tillering, boot and milk stages utilized 335.9 mm water Q 2.87 mmlday and produced 2,707 kg grainlha with water use efficiency of 8.06 kg grain/104 litres water use. Omission of irrigation at crown root initiation had similar water use (333.9 mm Q 2.90 mmlday) and resulted in similar grain yield (2,523 kglha) with water use efficiency 7.56 kg grain/104 litres water. Among 2 irrigation schedules, wheat irrigated at maximum tillering and milk stages utilize 288 mm water Q 2.69 mmlday and gave significantly higher grain yield (2,011 kglha) with water use efficiency 6.98 kg grain/104 litres water. Daily consumptive water use increased with crop age and reached its peak during the second fortnight of February and declined thereafter. Crop coefficient (CuIEP) also increased with crop age and reached its peak during February (0.64), whereas k value of Blaney Criddle reached its peak during January (0.56) and remained steady during February (0.55) and thereafter gradually declined.