bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression and Prognostic Significance of the m6A RNA Methylation Regulator HNRNPC in HNSCC
Authors: Zhang Yulin , Wang Yixu , Peng Jilin , Zhao Kun , Li Ling , Zhang Yuan , Zhai Ziyu , Yuan Sijie , Li Shichao , Ye Fanglei , Wang Le
Published: October 2023

Background
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification is crucial for tumor development and progression; however, which m6A regulators play a pivotal role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains ambiguous.
Methods
Utilizing the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the expression levels of m6A regulators in HNSCC were examined, which led to the identification of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC) as a key gene. Further experiments were performed in patient samples, stable cell lines, and a murine xenograft tumor model.
Results
A reliable survival risk model of m6A was constructed based on the TCGA database, which revealed that HNRNPC had the highest expression. TCGA, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), normal and tumor tissue microarrays (TMA), and tumor tissue samples from patients with HNSCC were used to verify the expression of HNRNPC at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, we observed that a high level of HNRNPC expression was closely linked to a poor prognosis among patients with HNSCC. Knockdown of HNRNPC in the HNSCC cell lines HSC-3 and CAL-27 resulted in a significant decrease in proliferation, invasion, and malignant transformation abilities. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing (MeRIP-seq) data revealed that HNRNPC is involved in cell differentiation, cell migration, cell cycle, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Moreover, we utilized a mouse xenograft model to elucidate that HNRNPC can promote tumorigenesis and progression of HNSCC.
Conclusions HNRNPC
can serve as a valuable predictor of tumor progression and prognosis in patients with HNSCC.
Association of social isolation, loneliness, and their trajectory with incident type 2 diabetes across genetic risk
Authors: Chen Yilin , Xue Huachen , Ai Sizhi , Liu Yaping , Nie Yu , Ai Qi-Yong H. , Zhang Jihui , Liang Yannis Yan
Published: October 2023

Background
Emerging evidence concerning the association of social isolation and loneliness with diabetes risk were inclusive. It remains unknown how social isolation, loneliness, and their change, were associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the association of social isolation, loneliness, and their trajectory with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes across genetic risk.
Methods
We included 439,337 participants (mean age 56.3 ± 8.1 years) enrolled in the UK Biobank study who were followed up until May 31, 2021. Social isolation and loneliness were self-reported. In a longitudinal analysis, based on baseline (2006–2010) and follow-up (2012–2020) data, social isolation and loneliness were further categorized into never, transient, incident, and persistent patterns.
Results
During a median follow-up of 12.7 years, 15,258 incident type 2 diabetes cases were documented. Most isolated [vs. least isolated; hazard ratio (HR) 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.14]) and loneliness (vs. no loneliness; 1.21 [1.14–1.29]) were associated with an increased type 2 diabetes risk, independent of the genetic risk for type 2 diabetes. An interaction existed between social isolation and loneliness (P interaction = 0.005); the increased type 2 diabetes risk associated with social isolation was only significant among participants without loneliness. In the longitudinal analysis, only persistent social isolation (vs. never social isolation; 1.21 [1.02–1.44]) was associated with an increased type 2 diabetes risk, whereas incident loneliness (vs. never loneliness; 1.96 [1.40–2.73]) and persistent loneliness (1.65 [1.09–2.52]) were associated with higher type 2 diabetes risks.
Conclusions
Social isolation and loneliness, especially their persistent pattern, were independently associated with an increased incident type 2 diabetes risk, irrespective of an individual’s genetic risk. Loneliness modified the association between social isolation and incident type 2 diabetes.
Assessing the affinity spectrum of the antigen-specific B cell repertoire via ImmunoSpot®
Authors: Becza Noémi , Liu Zhigang , Chepke Jack , Gao Xing-Huang , Lehmann Paul V. , Kirchenbaum Greg A.
Published: October 2023

The affinity distribution of the antigen-specific memory B cell (Bmem) repertoire in the body is a critical variable that defines an individual’s ability to rapidly generate high affinity protective antibody specificities. Detailed measurement of antibody affinity so far has largely been confined to studies of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and are laborious, since each individual mAb needs to be evaluated in isolation. Here, we introduce two variants of the B cell ImmunoSpot® assay that are suitable for simultaneously assessing the affinity distribution of hundreds of individual B cells within a test sample, at single-cell resolution, using relatively little labor and with high-throughput capacity. First, we experimentally validated that both ImmunoSpot® assay variants are suitable for establishing functional affinity hierarchies using B cell hybridoma lines as model antibody-secreting cells (ASC), each producing mAb with known affinity for a defined antigen. We then leveraged both ImmunoSpot® variants for characterizing the affinity distribution of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific ASC in PBMC following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. Such ImmunoSpot® assays promise to offer tremendous value for future B cell immune monitoring efforts owing to their ease of implementation, applicability to essentially any antigenic system, economy of PBMC utilization, high-throughput capacity, and suitability for regulated testing.
Beyond global energy density for direct energy deposition: machine learning for modelling and optimizing process parameters
Authors: Brooke Ryan , Qiu Dong , Le Tu , Gibson Mark , Zhang Duyao , Easton Mark
Published: October 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) has numerous process parameters that lead to significant variation in the success and quality of the manufactured product. The input parameter of ‘global energy distribution’ (GED) is used throughout the literature to describe the input energy onto the surface of a build due to the combination of laser power, laser scanning speed and laser spot size. This paper identifies more accurate modelling using machine learning for the GED constituent process parameters and their influence on the responses of manufacturing layer height, relative density and grain size on the build. The layer height was best modelled using an artificial neural network (ANN) which produced an R2 value of 0.97 and a root mean square error (RMSE) over the data set of 0.03mm. An accurate prediction model was produced to aid manufacturers in setting the ‘layer height’ user parameter. The relative density was best modelled using multi linear regression (MLR) and produced an R2 of 0.73 and a RMSE of 0.66%. The grain size was best modelled using an ANN and produced an R2 of 0.85 and RMSE of 9.68µm. These models show why reproducibility is difficult when considering GED singularly, as each of the constituent parameters influence these individual responses to varying magnitudes. The methodology presented should aid industrial users with resource efficient process parameter response modelling with application in process/product optimization.
Economic impact of chicken diseases and other causes of morbidity or mortality in backyard farms in low-income and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Munoz-Gomez Violeta , Shaw Alexandra PM , Abdykerimov Kuban , Abo-Shebada Mahmoud , Bulbuli Faraz , Charypkhan Duriya , Delphino Marina , Leger Anais , Li Yin , Rasmussen Philip , Rittem Sukuman , Ahmadi Bouda Vosough , Torgerson Paul R
Published: October 2023

Background: Backyard chicken farming is usually subsistence and predominates in low-income countries and, to a lesser extent, in middle-income countries. Chicken flocks are generally raised by households in a low-input, low-output system in contact with other flocks, livestock and wildlife. This low biosecurity setting predisposes chickens to diseases and injuries. A systematic review was conducted to assess the impact of diseases and other causes of mortality in backyard chickens from low and middle-income countries.
Results: Out of the 40,121 studies identified, 78 studies were selected. Only a limited number of studies (n=7) assessed productivity impact (weight and egg production losses). Results from the meta-analyses showed that the three main causes of mortality in a production cycle are viral diseases (24.5%, 12.4-42.7), the mix of bacterial and viral diseases (24.2%, 6.2-58.2) and bacterial diseases (11.2%, 4.6-25.0). These three mortality causes also account for the highest proportion of the economic losses for infectious diseases. In the case of non-infectious causes, predation and cachexia are responsible for the highest economic losses in backyard chickens.
Conclusions: Infectious diseases account for the highest economic and mortality losses examined in the selected studies. However, losses due to other causes, such as predation should not be overlooked. These results could be used to support animal health policy in informing resource allocation to preventive measures to enhance food security.
A fine tune hyper parameter Gradient Boosting model for CPU utilization prediction in cloud
Authors: Khurana Savita , Sharma Gaurav , Sharma Bhawna
Published: October 2023

CPU utilization prediction is key factor for efficient resource management and capacity planning in cloud computing environments. By accurately predicting utilization patterns, resource managers can dynamically distribute workloads to ensure optimal utilization of resources. The load can be equally distributed among virtual machines, leading to a reduction in VM migration and overhead time. This optimization significantly improves the overall performance of the cloud. This proactive approach enables efficient resource usage, minimizing the risk of bottlenecks and maximizing overall system performance. In this paper a Gradient Boosting model with hyper parameter tuning based upon grid search (GBHT) is proposed to enhance CPU utilization prediction. Multiple weak learners are combined in the proposed model to produce a powerful prediction model. and hyperparameters tuning is used to enhance its performance as well as predictive accuracy. Different machine learning and deep learning models are examined side by side. The results clearly demonstrate that the proposed GBHT model significantly contribute superior performance then the traditional machine learning models (SVM, KNN, Random Forest, Gradient Boost), deep learning models (LSTM, RNN, CNN), time series model (Facebook Prophet) and as well as the hybrid models, combining LSTM with Gradient Boost and Gradient Boost with SVM. The proposed model demonstrates superior performance compared to the other models, achieving the lowest MAPE of 0.01% and high accuracy with an R2 score of 1.00.
Diagnostic markers for foliar fungal disease resistance and high oleic acid in groundnut
Authors: Pandey Manish K. , Gangurde Sunil S. , Shasidhar Yaduru , Sharma Vinay , Kale Sandip M. , Khan Aamir W. , Shah Priya , Joshi Pushpesh , Bhat Ramesh , Janila Pasupuleti , Bera Sandip K. , Varshney Rajeev K.
Published: October 2023

Resistance two foliar fungal diseases (rust and late leaf spot) are farmers preferred traits because of their devastating nature, while high oleic acid content has immerged as one of the important industry and consumer preferred traits due to increased shelf life and health benefits. With an objective to increase the frequency of the favorable alleles for these three important traits among parental lines and breeding populations, we have identified candidate resistance genes for two diseases and developed diagnostic markers for all three traits followed by validating and deploying them in forward breeding or marker-assisted early generation selection (MEGS). A total of 49 KASPs were developed using sequencing-based trait mapping approaches with diploid as well as tetraploid groundnut reference genomes. Of the 49 KASPs markers, 41 KASPs were validated successfully on a validation panel of contrasting germplasm and breeding lines. Of the 41 validated KASPs, 39 KASPs are for rust and LLS, while two KASPs are for high oleic acid developed from A- and B- sub-genomes. The KASP markers were developed from genomic regions of important disease resistance genes such as NBS-LRR, purple acid phosphatase, pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein, Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase. So far, these KASP markers have been extensively used by various groundnut breeding programs across the world, offering low-cost and high-throughput genotyping. Overall, employing these KASP markers will likely facilitate the effective selection favorable alleles from parental lines and breeding populations with higher resistance to foliar fungal diseases and increased levels of high oleic acid content, consequently resulting in improved groundnut crop production and quality.
Flux vacua and modularity for $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetric Calabi-Yau manifolds
Authors: Candelas Philip , de la Ossa Xenia , Kuusela Pyry , McGovern Joseph
Published: October 2023

We find continuous families of supersymmetric flux vacua in IIB Calabi-Yau compactifications for multiparameter manifolds with an appropriate \mathbb{Z}_{2}ℤ2 symmetry. We argue, supported by extensive computational evidence, that the numerators of the local zeta functions of these compactification manifolds have quadratic factors. These factors are associated with weight-two modular forms, these manifolds being said to be weight-two modular. Our evidence supports the flux modularity conjecture of Kachru, Nally, and Yang. The modular forms are related to a continuous family of elliptic curves. The flux vacua can be lifted to F-theory on elliptically fibred Calabi-Yau fourfolds. If conjectural expressions for Deligne’s periods are true, then these imply that the F-theory fibre is complex-isomorphic to the modular curve. In three examples, we compute the local zeta function of the internal geometry using an extension of known methods, which we discuss here and in more detail in a companion paper. With these techniques, we are able to compare the zeta function coefficients to modular form Fourier coefficients for hundreds of manifolds in three distinct families, finding agreement in all cases. Our techniques enable us to study not only parameters valued in \mathbb{Q}ℚ but also in algebraic extensions of \mathbb{Q}ℚ, so exhibiting relations to Hilbert and Bianchi modular forms. We present in appendices the zeta function numerators of these manifolds, together with the corresponding modular forms.
Editorial
Authors:   The University of New South Wales, Jung Jae Yup
Published: October 2023

Welcome to the second issue of the Australasian Journal of Gifted Education for 2023. First of all, I am very excited to share with you the news that the journal continues its rise in the international rankings. Specifically, the CiteScore of the journal for 2022 (released in June 2023) has now reached 2.20. This is the highest ever for the journal, and represents a 16% increase from 2021, which means that the journal retains its place in the second quartile of all international Education journals. The CiteScore quartile of the journal also places the journal as the equal fourth-ranked academic peer reviewed journal in the international field of gifted education. Furthermore, the journal now has a SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) of 0.23 (which is only 0.35 below the number two journal in the international field of gifted education), and a Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) of 0.77, which represents a 35% increase from 2021. This is an outstanding achievement considering the humble beginnings and regional focus of the journal. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all the contributors to the journal, the members of the editorial team, and the readers of the journal from around Australasia and the world for making all this possible.
Gifted Adolescent Girls Speak Out: A Psychosocial Theoretical Model of Career Development
Authors:   Flinders University, Napier Rebecca D. , Clark Julie ,   Flinders University, Halsey R. John ,   Flinders University
Published: October 2023

The Psychosocial Theoretical Model of Gifted Adolescent Girls’ Career Development (PTM) is a framework which reveals the interrelated factors that influence career development for gifted adolescent girls. The model was developed during the completion of a PhD thesis (Napier, 2020) and provides important new insights to support their career trajectories and encourage further research. The PTM is a comprehensive and compact guide for gifted education stakeholders in their advisory, support, and decision-making roles for this population. In particular, it facilitates both population and more bespoke career development provisions for gifted adolescent girls who, research indicates (Napier, 2020), are often motivated to meaningfully transform our world for the better. A range of significant recommendations is also provided for families, schools, and communities to support these young people who are altruistically driven to use their strengths and interests to make a difference in others’ lives.
Yolŋu Way and the DMGT (Talent Development): A Mismatch
Authors:   University of New England, Thraves Genevieve , Dhurrkay Miriam ,   Raki Mala
Published: October 2023

Gagné’s Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent [DMGT] has enjoyed widespread uptake in Australia. Little work has been done, though, to determine if this popular model can account for culturally diverse views of its fundamental concepts. This article reports a study that compared the talent development infrastructure of Gagné’s DMGT (with a particular focus on the DMGT 2.0) with talent development from a Yolŋu (an Australian Aboriginal group) worldview. This comparison reveals that there is a tension between the DMGT’s formal process (D) and the Yolŋu’s more responsive approach to talent development. There is greater alignment, though, when the DMGT 2.0’s catalysts are considered; however, both the Intrapersonal (I) and Environmental (E) catalysts are mediated by the Yolŋu’s cultural context. Ultimately, the DMGT has some difficulty housing Yolŋu approaches to talent development.
An Interview with Dr Rebecca D. Napier
Authors:   The University of New South Wales, Young Marie
Published: October 2023

Dr Rebecca D. Napier is a leading authority on giftedness, with a background in working with families and schools in Canada and Australia. She holds several degrees from American and Australian universities, and has a PhD in gifted education. Rebecca is currently undertaking postgraduate lecturing roles in gifted education at Flinders University. As the Director of Gifted Pathways, she is also a consultant and coach for schools and gifted families. She also recently held the position of Gifted Education Advisor to 103 South Australian Schools. Some of Rebecca’s other accomplishments include being a founding board member of Australia's first gifted school, and a board member of Australian gifted associations. Rebecca's practical experience and research findings have been supported by institutions including Flinders University, Australian Mensa, Debating SA, Chess School SA, Oliphant Science Awards, Tournament of Minds, ABC TV, and Life FM radio. Since 2001, Rebecca’s main mission has been the practical application of research into learning, development, and wellbeing for children. She has made a number of contributions to the Australasian Journal of Gifted Education (Napier & Halsey, 2022; Napier et al., 2023).
DIC measurement method based on binocular stereo vision for image 3D displacement detection
Authors: Dong Xue
Published: October 2023

The deformation detection of large machinery is usually achieved using three-dimensional displacement measurement. Binocular stereo vision measurement technology, as a commonly used digital image correlation method, has received widespread attention in the academic community. Binocular stereo vision achieves the goal of three-dimensional displacement measurement by simulating the working mode of the human eyes, but the measurement is easily affected by light refraction. Based on this, the study introduces particle swarm optimization algorithm for target displacement measurement on Canon imaging dataset, and introduces backpropagation neural network for mutation processing of particles in particle swarm algorithm to generate fusion algorithm. It combines the four coordinate systems of world, pixel, physics, and camera to establish connections. Taking into account environmental factors and lens errors, the camera parameters and deformation coefficients were revised by shooting a black and white checkerboard. Finally, the study first conducted error analysis on binocular stereo vision technology in three dimensions, and the relative error remained stable at 1 % within about 60 seconds. At the same time, three algorithms, including the spotted hyena algorithm, were introduced to conduct performance comparison experiments using particle swarm optimization and backpropagation network algorithms. The experiment shows that the three-dimensional error of the fusion algorithm gradually stabilizes within the range of [–0.5 %, 0.5 %] over time, while the two-dimensional error generally hovers around 0 value. Its performance is significantly superior to other algorithms, so the binocular stereo vision of this fusion algorithm can achieve good measurement results.
Reforzamiento poblacional del Águila de Bonelli (Aquila fasciata) en Álava-Araba: patrones de dispersión, tasas de mortalidad y retornos filopátricos
Authors: Fernández Carmelo , Azkona Paz , Olalde Marta , Moreno Iñigo , Carreras de Bergareche Joseba
Published: October 2023

Entre 2015 y 2022 se han introducido en Álava-Araba (Kanpezu y Rioja alavesa) mediante hacking un total de 36 pollos volantones de Águila de Bonelli marcados con GPS (Aquila fasciata)procedentes de cría en cautividad y de extracciones de la población natural de Andalucía. Los individuos reintroducidos se dispersaron preferentemente hacia el valle del Ebro (La Rioja, Navarra y Aragón), otros siguiendo el río Duero hacia Castilla-León, Extremadura, Portugal y Andalucía, y algunos cruzando la Meseta norte hasta la cuenca del río Tajo (Toledo). La distancia media de dispersión juvenil fue de 286 Km (0-773 km). El proceso de dispersión no fue lineal sino itinerante realizando sucesivas sedimentaciones temporales en zonas ricas en alimento y sin población reproductora. Las altas tasas de mortalidad fueron similares a las observadas para la población silvestre, con una tasa de supervivencia del 64.7 % durante el primer año, 87.5 % en el segundo y 90.0 % a partir del tercer año de vida. La electrocución en tendidos eléctricos de distribución fue la principal causa de mortalidad (27.3 %), seguida de la predación y competencia con el Águila real (27.3 %) y de la colisión (13.6 %). A pesar de proceder de cría en cautividad las águilas mostraron una fuerte filopatría hacia las zonas de liberación, regresando todas ellas en el 2º y 3eraño, preferentemente en los meses de febrero-marzo de cada temporada. Gracias al reforzamiento poblacional se han formado tres nuevos territorios en el Alto valle del Ebro.
Numerical Identification of the Dependence of the Right Side of the Wave Equation on the Spatial Variable
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Gamzaev Khanlar Mehbali oglu
Published: October 2023

The problem of identifying the multiplier of the right side of a one-dimensional wave equation depending on a spatial variable is considered. As additional information, the condition of the final redefinition is set. A discrete analogue of the inverse problem is constructed using the finite difference method. To solve the resulting difference problem, a special representation is proposed, with the help of which the difference problem splits into two independent difference problems. As a result, an explicit formula is obtained for determining the approximate value of the desired function for each discrete value of a spatial variable. The presented results of numerical experiments conducted for model problems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed computational algorithm.
On the Stability and Boundedness of Solutions to Certain Second Order Differential Equation
Authors:   Federal University of Agriculture, Adeyanju Adetunji Adedotun , Adams Daniel Oluwasegun ,   Federal University of Agriculture
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we investigate by means of second method of Lyapunov, sufficient conditions that guarantee uniform-asymptotic stability of the trivial solution and ultimate boundedness of all solutions to a certain second order differential equation. We construct a complete Lyapunov function in order to discuss the qualitative properties mentioned earlier. The boundedness result in this paper is new and also complement some boundedness results in literature obtained by using an incomplete Lyapunov function together with a signum function. Finally, we demonstrate the correctness of our results with two numerical examples and graphical representation of the trajectories of solutions to the examples using Maple software.
Implicit Finite-difference Schemes for Equations of One-dimensional Hemodynamics
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Krivovichev Gerasim Vladimirovich , Egorov Nikolay Vasil'evich ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2023

The paper is devoted to the construction and analysis of implicit finite-difference schemes for a system of one-dimensional equations of hemodynamics. The schemes are based on the use of finite differences, which approximate spatial derivative with the fourth order. The schemes are based on the splitting on physical processes. According to this approach, at one time step, two mechanical processes are considered: the deformation of the vessel filled with fluid and the fluid flow in the deformed vessel. This approach makes it possible to separately consider finite-difference schemes, which approximate governing equations. In the practical implementation of the proposed schemes, they are reduced to systems of linear algebraic equations with pentadiagonal matrices. The stability analysis of constructed schemes is based on the von Neumann method and the principle of frozen coefficients. In the numerical solution of problems with known analytical solutions, it is demonstrated that the schemes lead to numerical solutions with a fourth-order convergence rate. In the computational experiments on simulation of blood flow in model vascular systems, it is demonstrated that the developed schemes make it possible to perform calculations in much less time than well-known explicit finite-difference and finite-volume schemes.
Philosopher-erudite in the epoch of the French Revolution: Jacques Andre Naigeon
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Krotov Artem A.
Published: October 2023

The article analyzes the doctrine of a friend and follower of Diderot, who sought to supplement and clarify the philosophical provisions of the famous editor of the “Encyclopedia”. Naigeon was also the publisher of the works of Montaigne, Rousseau, Diderot, he was the author of discussions about Lafontaine and Racine, focusing the reader on the moral content of the works of classics of French literature. The philosopher-erudite saw the meaning of his activity in enlightening contemporaries, in protecting the truth from attacks of adherents of fanaticism and superstition. He considered Diderot’s atheistic materialism as the philosophical peak of his epoch, regarding the doctrines of Rousseau and Condillac popular among his contemporaries as noticeably inferior in depth to the concept of a native of Langres. Hence the originality of his ideas about the future, excluding the deistic idea of civil religion, which found many supporters during the French Revolution. His works are marked by republican and anti-clerical beliefs. At the same time, he opposed the parallels between the doctrine of Diderot and the conspiracy of Babeuf. Seeing the connection between politics and the growth of scientific knowledge, Naigeon considered systematic, classifier cabinet work as an important condition for progress. However, he urged the National Assembly not to mention religion when discussing human rights. Among the principles of a truly thorough historical and philosophical study, Naigeon included the ability to identify the originality of different opinions of the past, without admixing modern ideas to them, refusing to follow slavish various authorities, principle of obtaining the conclusions of highest degree of reliability by comparing all available approaches. Of particular interest are Naigeon’s judgments about errors of historians of philosophy, about typical shortcomings inherent in even their famous and influential works.
Austrian metaphilosophy from Bolzano to the Vienna Circle
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Mironov Dmitry G.
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the article is to compare and analyze the metaphilosophical ideas of the key Austrian thinkers of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries. To achieve this goal, several tasks are solved: first, to identify the main metaphilosophical positions shared by different Austrian philosophers, second, to reconstruct some details of the discussed metaphilosophical approaches, and third, to clarify the context within which the change in metaphilosophical views took place. The author uses the methods of rational reconstruction and historical-philosophical comparisons. The main content of the article is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the metaphilosophy of B. Bolzano: describes the requirements that Bolzano imposed on philosophizing, and shows how he approached the question of defining the concept of philosophy. The second part examines the details of the metaphilosophical position of F. Brentano and such of his disciples as A. Meinong and K. Twardowski. The peculiarities of Brentano’s views concerning the method of philosophizing are examined, and some clarifications are made to avoid incorrect interpretations of this views. The author also shows what supplementations to Brentano’s metaphilosophy were made by Meinong and Twardowski. The third part analyzes the views on the philosophy of such thinkers as E. Mach and L. Boltzmann. The requirements for philosophizing on the part of natural scientists of the beginning of the 20th century are discussed. In addition, the author considers the metaphilosophical ideas of the early M. Schlick, who clarified the nature of the assistance provided to the natural sciences by philosophy in his work “General Theory of Knowledge”. The fourth part reproduces the metaphilosophy of the early L. Wittgenstein and such representatives of the Vienna circle as M. Schlick, R. Carnap and O. Neurath. The peculiarities of the Vienna positivists’ understanding of the activity-based nature of philosophy are clarified, and the differences in the interpretation of the method of philosophizing are shown.
Martin Heidegger in the history of the European anti- Semitism. Reflection on the book of Donatella Di Cesare “Heidegger, Jews and Shoa”
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Dokuchayev Ilya I.
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the role of Martin Heidegger’s anti-Semitism in his concept of fundamental ontology. This analysis is done on the basis of the publication of new volumes of his diaries — “Black Notebooks”. The book by Donatella Di Cesare “Heidegger, Jews and Shoah”, first translated into Russian by AE Cherny and published by the publishing house “Vladimir Dal”, is devoted to the comprehension of this problem. Given the new data from these diaries and from Di Cesare’s book, it can be assumed that Heidegger’s anti-Semitism is essential to his philosophy and has a long history in European and German intellectual heritage. As a rule, Jews were accused there that they did not accept Christ and became key figures in the modernization of European culture, which undermined its traditions and deprived of creativity. Heidegger creates a new version of anti-Semitism — a fundamental ongological one, which accuses Jews of being the main culprits of the oblivion of existence and preachers of existence. Differentiation of being and being is the main antithesis of Heidegger’s ontology, and it is in the context of its analysis that we are talking about the crime of the Jews. This crime actually turns out to be fabrication, since it contains directly opposite charges, so that a Jew is not a criminal because he has committed this or that act, but this act is made criminal because a Jew has committed it. He is accused both of the absence of soil and property, and of the claim to them, both in the formalism and rationalism of faith, and in their absence, both in the desire to keep his blood unmixed, and in the desire to bring the European peoples into a Jew. It is these properties that make Heidegger believe that Jews are not people, but stones, that they do not exist, but represent the worst form of existence, whose existence is not genuine, but borrowed and is a fraud. Heidegger sees the Holocaust as the culmination of modernization caused by a machine civilization of destruction and war, in which the Jews are guilty and for which they self-destruct and destroy Europe and the world. At the same time, the article argues that such an ideology, unacceptable and false, is Heidegger’s marginal concept, which is not the key to his ontology, but also cannot be simply removed from his philosophy without the emergence of a gap that will make this philosophy impossible.
Dan Sperber’s philosophy of culture
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kedrova Marina O.
Published: October 2023

This article is a general preliminary sketch of the philosophy of culture of the French philosopher Dan Sperber (b. 1942). At the center of our analysis is his monograph “Explaining Culture: A Naturalistic Approach” (1996). Sperber develops a materialistic approach to culture, based on the Darwinian model and on the achievements of contemporary cognitive psychology. He argues that cultural epidemiology (epidemiology of representations) must study culture. Sperber distinguishes between two types of representations: mental and public. These representations form causal chains. Sperber’s task is to understand why some representations are stable and widespread, unlike others. Sperber distances himself from memetics, emphasizing that in the process of cultural translation, representations are constantly changing, and their changes occur in the direction of cultural attractiveness. Sperber argues with Jerry Fodor about the modularity of consciousness: unlike Fodor, he argues that conceptual processes, that is, thinking itself, can also be modular. Sperber expands the sphere of rationality, introducing into it the half-understandable, doubtful and mysterious. Sperber sets himself the task of combining together a modular view of conceptual thinking and a naturalistic (materialistic) view of human culture, which he develops under the name “epidemiology of representations”.
Scientific and philosophical potential of Soviet Marxism
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Osipov Igor D. , Rybas Aleksandr E. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2023

The article examines the difficulties of a methodological and ideological nature that arise in the study of the history of Soviet philosophy. The idea is that both official Marxism, adopted in the USSR as an academic philosophy and enshrined at the level of Soviet ideology, and various currents of non-Marxist philosophy that existed in the Soviet Union in the second half of the twentieth century, are equally valuable for understanding the integral philosophical culture of this period. The task of the researcher, who has set himself the goal of an adequate and comprehensive study of the history of Soviet philosophy, is, according to the authors of the article, to find and describe the fundamental semantic gaps, thanks to which the necessary theoretical and creative potential is constantly preserved in the philosophical culture. In the article, by analyzing the problems of the Leningrad school of philosophy of science, an attempt is made to find such a gap in the official Soviet philosophy. Justifying the thesis that the opposition of the official and unofficial lines of the development of Russian thought in the Soviet period, leading to the prioritization of one of the traditions and the refusal to recognize the significance of the other, is unacceptable and theoretically incorrect, the authors come to the conclusion that at the basis of Soviet philosophical culture lie the problems of freedom, man and creativity. During the “thaw”, these problems initiated the development of such new disciplines as Marxist anthropology, culturology and philosophy of science. From this point of view, the Leningrad School of Philosophy of Science resulted from the scientific and philosophical potential of Soviet Marxism.
Does Russian philosophy exist as such?
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Muravev Andrey N.
Published: October 2023

The article draws a certain distinction between the existence and the essence of Russian philosophy on the basis of the concrete identity of the national and the universal in the history of philosophy. Based on this difference, the author identifies and examines the prerequisites necessary for the universal content of classical philosophical thought to acquire its national form in Russia. Special attention is drawn to the crucial prerequisite for starting this process. Its creation directly depends on those who today teach the history of philosophy as the main discipline of special philosophical education at the philosophical faculties of domestic universities. They will have to stop teaching this academic discipline only as the history of many philosophical doctrines and theoretically master it as the history of a single philosophy as such. To do this, of course, is not easy, but if the teachers of the history of philosophy do not learn to reveal the inner unity of all classical philosophical teachings from Thales and Parmenides to Schelling and Hegel inclusive, then philosophy in our higher school will finally degenerate into philodoxia, i. e. into love for the opinions of certain, even excellent, philosophers. These opinions have exclusively subjective, special and accidental, and not universal and necessary (objective, or scientific) significance. Consideration of various aspects of this important theoretical and practical-pedagogical problem leads the author of the article to the conclusion that only its solution will allow Russian philosophy to surpass its regional significance and act as a world-class philosophy, or philosophy as such.
The relationship of philosophy to its history — on the example of the antinomy of negation and the myth of transparency
Authors:   Heidelberg University, Koch Anton F.
Published: October 2023

The article first compares the procedures of philosophy, physics and mathematics and accentuates the specific nature of philosophy: it is a science a priori like mathematics, but unlike physics it cannot be mathematised. Rather, it is the first and a priori of the hermeneutic sciences. Philosophy cannot calculate or compute its theorems, but must justify them in philosophically elaborated colloquial language. Using the example of Parmenides and Heraclitus, it is then shown how philosophy must cooperate with its history in order to gain theoretically fruitful new insights. Parmenides can be read as the discoverer of a fundamental antinomy of negation, which immediately fell into oblivion again, and Heraclitus as an early critic of the myth of transparency, i. e. the view that the real can in principle be described and known completely and without contradiction. This myth has shaped Western thought in the metaphysical tradition and especially in rational theology. In modern times, it was secularised into the scientistic and naturalistic idea that mathematical natural science could in principle provide a complete and consistent fundamental theory of the real. But the myth fails, among other things, because of the antinomy of negation. As Heraclitus saw, there can in principle be no complete and consistent description of the real: Nature loves to hide itself (physis kryptesthai philei).
Sovereignty and property in the history of European identity
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kuznetsov Nikita V. , Sokolov Alexey M. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2023

The article attempts to reconstruct the history of Western self-consciousness in the context of the development of the concepts of property and sovereignty. The author justifies the validity of this approach by the fact that it is the concept of one’s own as the most obvious and pre-established that presupposes the possibility of posing a problem about the source of everything. After all, philosophy begins with it not only as a specific form of knowledge, but also as the highest form of self–consciousness of Western civilization. In addition, the anthropological domain inherent in the philosophical thought of the theoretical and contemplative sets the practical aspect, which is grasped by the concept of sovereignty. The author consistently examines the ancient, medieval, New European and modern periods of Western history, reconstructing the dynamics of the understanding of property and sovereignty, which reflected the main features of civilizational development. The article emphasizes that during the period of ancient cosmocentrism, an aesthetic understanding of one’s own was formed, realized through its public demonstration in artistic and political amateur activities. The theocentrism of the Middle Ages “reoriented” the understanding of one’s own to the inner content of human existence, fundamentally contrasting the intimate essence of the personality with the tempting sinfulness of the surrounding reality. The New European egocentrism, following in the paradigm of speculative rationalism, the essence of property and, as a consequence, the manifestation of the sovereign status of the individual, confirmed in the active resolution of the contradiction of internal and external, deployed in the temporal dimension of historical reality. According to the author’s point of view, the essence of the bourgeois world, in which the fundamental opposition of self-sufficient subjectivity and a natural element distinct from it was embodied, was expressed by the universality of world history. And the main contradiction that characterizes the present state of modern civilization is determined by the gradual blurring of the boundaries that structure the essence of subjectivity, and indicates the loss of its sovereignty and productive potential.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau as an emblematic figure of French-speaking philosophy
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kostikova Anna A.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the interpretation of the philosophical heritage of J.-J. Rousseau is primarily in French philosophy and culture. The key and most famous ideas of J.-J. Rousseau are considered from the point of view of modern philosophy and the formulation of vital questions peculiar to modern culture — about education, about freedom, about human rights, about the relationship between men and women, about languages, about music, about theater and about culture in general. Without claiming to be a complete reconstruction of the philosophical ideas of J.-J. Rousseau, the article suggests to focus on the complexity and ambivalence of these ideas, which allow the modern Western intellectual to turn to J.-J. Rousseau with the most pressing issues of our time. The date of birth — June 28, 1712 — even not in the “jubilee” year becomes an occasion for an active and creative return to the ideas of J.-J. Rousseau, offering an interesting interpretation of certain aspects of the philosophy of J.-J. Rousseau, reactualizing them. J.-J. Rousseau appears not as part of a collective project of the French Enlightenment, but as an independent and original thinker who anticipated many topical lines of discussion of the key topics of philosophy for modernity. So, for example, the philosophy of language J.-J. Rousseau “discovered” the fundamental factor of the emergence of language — its acoustic component, musical in essence. Rousseau undoubtedly, in our opinion, supports the traditional French-speaking thought, reframed by the Cartesian “Reasoning about Method”, a detailed philosophical reasoning conditioned culturally and, as a rule, politically. In general, for the presented historical and philosophical portrait of J.-J. Rousseau is characterized by the features of national philosophy: political engagement, a claim to universality, attention to the process of persuasion and the unfolding of thought. This is what is demanded by the latest philosophy and turns J.-J. Rousseau became a kind of ambassador of French-speaking thought.
Kant, Hegel and Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi: Salto mortale and the noble tone in philosophy
Authors:   Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Vieweg Klaus
Published: October 2023

In his writings, Hegel positioned himself clearly on Jacobi’s philosophizing, revealing the weight and limits of a philosophy of direct knowledge. The complaint of the idea of immediacy also occurs with Jacobi with “exclusion of mediation”. Immediate knowledge is given a totally exclusive position and this exclusively immediate knowledge is merely asserted or asserted as a fact of consciousness. Since this “feeling”, this fact of consciousness, is considered the criterion of truth, the merely subjective knowledge and the assurance of finding a content in my consciousness, pure subjectivity without any objectivity, becomes the foundation. In the philosophies of the immediate, according to Kant and Hegel, legitimation is shifted to the gates of thinking, comprehensible thinking only provides second-hand knowledge, first-hand is only belief or belief. Only immediate certainty is not the same as knowledge. Hegel’s phenomenology attempts to satisfy Kant’s demand for testing in the form of a gradual progression from certainty to knowledge in the form of a self-fulfilling skepticism. The encyclopedia chapter on immediate knowledge, of which Jacobi is one of the more recent representatives, then also consistently concludes with the reference to skepticism as a negative science carried out through all forms of knowledge without exception, which proves the nullity of all these mere assurances. This passage follows directly after the exposition of the claims of exclusive-immediate knowledge. Although Kant warned against dilapidated hypotheses as forbidden goods, assurances are given today and speak of facts of consciousness, of the “immediate revelation of the subject”. Jacobi formulates weighty objections to the reflective mind. Against understanding thinking, against reason, they have no power.