bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-range enhancement for fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy using Ag nanoislands protected with column-structured silica overlayer
Authors: Minamikawa Takeo , Sakaguchi Reiko , Harada Yoshinori , Tanioka Hiroki , Inoue Sota , Hase Hideharu , Mori Yasuo , Takamatsu Tetsuro , Yamasaki Yu , Morimoto Yukihiro , Kawasaki Masahiro , Kawasaki Mitsuo
Published: October 2024

We demonstrate long-range enhancement of fluorescence and Raman scattering using a dense random array of Ag nanoislands (AgNIs) coated with column-structured silica (CSS) overlayer of over 100 nm thickness, namely, remote plasmonic-like enhancement (RPE). The CSS layer provides physical and chemical protection, reducing the impact between analyte molecules and metal nanostructures. RPE plates are fabricated with high productivity using sputtering and chemical immersion in gold(I)/halide solution. The RPE plate significantly enhances Raman scattering and fluorescence, even without proximity between analyte molecules and metal nanostructures. The maximum enhancement factors are 107-fold for Raman scattering and 102-fold for fluorescence. RPE is successfully applied to enhance fluorescence biosensing of intracellular signalling dynamics in HeLa cells and Raman histological imaging of oesophagus tissues. Our findings present an interesting deviation from the conventional near-field enhancement theory, as they cannot be readily explained within its framework. However, based on the phenomenological aspects we have demonstrated, the observed enhancement is likely associated with the remote resonant coupling between the localised surface plasmon of AgNIs and the molecular transition dipole of the analyte, facilitated through the CSS structure. Although further investigation is warranted to fully understand the underlying mechanisms, the RPE plate offers practical advantages, such as high productivity and biocompatibility, making it a valuable tool for biosensing and biomolecular analysis in chemistry, biology, and medicine. We anticipate that RPE will advance as a versatile analytical tool for enhanced biosensing using Raman and fluorescence analysis in various biological contexts.
Movable surface acoustic wave tweezers: a versatile toolbox for micromanipulation
Authors: Qin Xianming , Liu Xianglian , Liu Shuo , Zhang Chuanyu , Bai Ningning , Li Xue , Wang Weidong , Liu Dan , Yang Qiqi , Yang Ruiguo , Shen Yajing , Wei Xueyong
Published: October 2024

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) tweezers are a promising multifunctional micromanipulation method that controls microscale targets via patterned acoustic fields. Owing to their device structure and bonding process, most SAW tweezers have limitations in terms of controlling the position and motion of the acoustic traps, as they generate an acoustic field with a fixed region and adjust the manipulation effects via signal modulation. To address this challenge, we propose movable SAW tweezers with a multilayer structure, achieving dynamic control of their wave field and acoustic trap positions; we demonstrate their precise manipulation functions, such as translation, in-plane rotation, out-of-plane rotation, and cluster formation, on a wide spectrum of samples, including particles, bubbles, droplets, cells, and microorganisms. Our method not only improves the degree of freedom and working range of SAW tweezers but also allows for precise and selective manipulation of microtargets via microtools and localized wavefields. Owing to their flexibility, versatility, and biocompatibility, the movable SAW tweezers can be a practical platform for achieving arbitrary manipulation of microscale targets and have the potential to play significant roles in biomedical microrobotics.
Role of glia in delirium: proposed mechanisms and translational implications
Authors: Heffernan Áine Bríd , Steinruecke Moritz , Dempsey Georgia , Chandran Siddharthan , Selvaraj Bhuvaneish T. , Jiwaji Zoeb , Stavrou Maria
Published: October 2024

Delirium is a common acute onset neurological syndrome characterised by transient fluctuations in cognition. It affects over 20% of medical inpatients and 50% of those critically ill. Delirium is associated with morbidity and mortality, causes distress to patients and carers, and has significant socioeconomic costs in ageing populations. Despite its clinical significance, the pathophysiology of delirium is understudied, and many underlying cellular mechanisms remain unknown. There are currently no effective pharmacological treatments which directly target underlying disease processes. Although many studies focus on neuronal dysfunction in delirium, glial cells, primarily astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, and their associated systems, are increasingly implicated in delirium pathophysiology. In this review, we discuss current evidence which implicates glial cells in delirium, including biomarker studies, post-mortem tissue analyses and pre-clinical models. In particular, we focus on how astrocyte pathology, including aberrant brain energy metabolism and glymphatic dysfunction, reactive microglia, blood-brain barrier impairment, and white matter changes may contribute to the pathogenesis of delirium. We also outline limitations in this body of work and the unique challenges faced in identifying causative mechanisms in delirium. Finally, we discuss how established neuroimaging and single-cell techniques may provide further mechanistic insight at pre-clinical and clinical levels.
The link between amyloid β and ferroptosis pathway in Alzheimer’s disease progression
Authors: Majerníková Naďa , Marmolejo-Garza Alejandro , Salinas Casandra Salinas , Luu Minh D. A. , Zhang Yuequ , Trombetta-Lima Marina , Tomin Tamara , Birner-Gruenberger Ruth , Lehtonen Šárka , Koistinaho Jari , Wolters Justina C. , Ayton Scott , den Dunnen Wilfred F. A. , Dolga Amalia M.
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects millions of people worldwide and represents the most prevalent form of dementia. Treatment strategies aiming to interfere with the formation of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), the two major AD hallmarks, have shown modest or no effect. Recent evidence suggests that ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death caused by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, contributes to AD pathogenesis. The existing link between ferroptosis and AD has been largely based on cell culture and animal studies, while evidence from human brain tissue is limited. Here we evaluate if Aβ is associated with ferroptosis pathways in post-mortem human brain tissue and whether ferroptosis inhibition could attenuate Aβ-related effects in human brain organoids. Performing positive pixel density scoring on immunohistochemically stained post-mortem Brodmann Area 17 sections revealed that the progression of AD pathology was accompanied by decreased expression of nuclear receptor co-activator 4 and glutathione peroxidase 4 in the grey matter. Differentiating between white and grey matter, allowed for a more precise understanding of the disease’s impact on different brain regions. In addition, ferroptosis inhibition prevented Aβ pathology, decreased lipid peroxidation and restored iron storage in human AD iPSCs-derived brain cortical organoids at day 50 of differentiation. Differential gene expression analysis of RNAseq of AD organoids compared to isogenic controls indicated activation of the ferroptotic pathway. This was also supported by results from untargeted proteomic analysis revealing significant changes between AD and isogenic brain organoids. Determining the causality between the development of Aβ plaques and the deregulation of molecular pathways involved in ferroptosis is crucial for developing potential therapeutic interventions.
Proteomic profiling reveals CEACAM6 function in driving gallbladder cancer aggressiveness through integrin receptor, PRKCD and AKT/ERK signaling
Authors: Sugiyanto Raisatun Nisa , Metzger Carmen , Inal Aslihan , Truckenmueller Felicia , Gür Kira , Eiteneuer Eva , Huth Thorben , Fraas Angelika , Heinze Ivonne , Kirkpatrick Joanna , Sticht Carsten , Albrecht Thomas , Goeppert Benjamin , Poth Tanja , Pusch Stefan , Mehrabi Arianeb , Schirmacher Peter , Ji Junfang , Ori Alessandro , Roessler Stephanie
Published: October 2024

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) presents as an aggressive malignancy with poor patient outcome. Like other epithelial cancers, the mechanisms of GBC cancer progression remain vague and efforts in finding targeted therapies fall below expectations. This study combined proteomic analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) GBC samples, functional and molecular characterization of potential oncogenes and identification of potential therapeutic strategies for GBC. We identified Carcinoembryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule 6 (CEACAM6) as one of the significantly most upregulated proteins in GBC. CEACAM6 overexpression has been observed in other cancer entities but the molecular function remains unclear. Our functional analyses in vitro and in vivo mouse models revealed that CEACAM6 supported the initial steps of cancer progression and metastasis by decreasing cell adhesion and promoting migration and invasion of GBC cells. Conversely, CEACAM6 knockdown abolished GBC aggressiveness by increasing cell adhesion while reducing cell migration, cell proliferation, and colony formation. BirA-BioID followed by mass-spectrometry revealed Integrin Beta-1 (ITGB1) and Protein Kinase C Delta (PRKCD) as direct molecular and functional partners of CEACAM6 supporting GBC cell migration. ERK and AKT signaling and their downstream target genes were regulated by CEACAM6 and thus the treatment with AKT inhibitor capivasertib or ERK inhibitor ulixertinib mitigated the CEACAM6-induced migration. These findings demonstrate that CEACAM6 is crucially involved in gallbladder cancer progression by promoting migration and inhibiting cell adhesion through ERK and AKT signaling providing specific options for treatment of CEACAM6-positive cancers.
Xanthohumol overcomes osimertinib resistance via governing ubiquitination-modulated Ets-1 turnover
Authors: Ma Ying , Wang Ruirui , Liao Jinzhuang , Guo Pengfei , Wang Qiang , Li Wei
Published: October 2024

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a prevalent and fatal malignancy with a significant global impact. Recent advancements have introduced targeted therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as osimertinib, which have improved patient outcomes, particularly in those with EGFR mutations. Despite these advancements, acquired resistance to TKIs remains a significant challenge. Hence, one of the current research priorities is understanding the resistance mechanisms and identifying new therapeutic targets to improve therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we identified high expression of c-Met in osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells, and depletion of c-Met significantly inhibited the proliferation of osimertinib-resistant cells and prolonged survival in mice, suggesting c-Met as an attractive therapeutic target. To identify effective anti-tumor agents targeting c-Met, we screened a compound library containing 641 natural products and found that only xanthohumol exhibited potent inhibitory effects against osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells. Moreover, combination treatment with xanthohumol and osimertinib sensitized osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells to osimertinib both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, xanthohumol disrupted the interaction between USP9X and Ets-1, and inhibited the phosphorylation of Ets-1 at Thr38, promoting its degradation, thereby targeting the Ets-1/c-Met signaling axis and inducing intrinsic apoptosis in osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells. Overall, the research highlights the critical role of targeting c-Met to address osimertinib resistance in NSCLC. By demonstrating the efficacy of xanthohumol in overcoming resistance and enhancing therapeutic outcomes, this study provides valuable insights and potential new strategies for improving the clinical management of NSCLC.
Extended magenta aurora as revealed by citizen science
Authors: Kataoka Ryuho , Reddy Sachin Alexander , Nakano Shinya , Pettit Joshua , Nakamura Yuki
Published: October 2024

During large geomagnetic storms, red auroras are typically observed from low-latitude countries such as Japan. The color arises from a specific emission line of oxygen atoms at high altitudes. However, during the May 10-11th 2024 superstorm, magenta auroras were observed above Japan instead of the typical red. In this study, we demonstrate that the magenta hue is created by a mixture of red (O) and a blue (N2+) aurora at extremely high altitudes. The blue color originates from the N2+ first negative emission band caused by both resonant scattering of the upwelling molecular ions and heavy particle precipitation during the storm. This study is primarily driven by observations from citizen scientists, and confirmed and quantified with observations from spacecraft and modeling techniques. Additionally, we show that high solar activity, terrestrial season, and the preheating of the atmosphere all contribute to the occurrence of magenta aurora. This study showcases the value and richness of citizen science, and we anticipate that such approaches will become increasingly important in the future.
The adsorption of drugs on nanoplastics has severe biological impact
Authors: Dick Leonard , Batista Patrick R. , Zaby Paul , Manhart Gabriele , Kopatz Verena , Kogler Lukas , Pichler Verena , Grebien Florian , Bakos Vince , Plósz Benedek G. , Kolev Nikola Zlatkov , Kenner Lukas , Kirchner Barbara , Hollóczki Oldamur
Published: October 2024

Micro- and nanoplastics can interact with various biologically active compounds forming aggregates of which the effects have yet to be understood. To this end, it is vital to characterize these aggregates of key compounds and micro- and nanoplastics. In this study, we examined the adsorption of the antibiotic tetracycline on four different nanoplastics, made of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and nylon 6,6 (N66) through chemical computation. Two separate approaches were employed to generate relevant conformations of the tetracycline-plastic complexes. In the first approach, we folded the plastic particle from individual polymer chains in the presence of the drug through multiple separate simulated annealing setups. In the second, more biased, approach, the neat plastic was pre-folded through simulated annealing, and the drug was placed at its surface in multiple orientations. The former approach was clearly superior to the other, obtaining lower energy conformations even with the antibiotic buried inside the plastic particle. Quantum chemical calculations on the structures revealed that the adsorption energies show a trend of decreasing affinity to the drug in the order of N66> PS> PP> PE. In vitro experiments on tetracycline-sensitive cell lines demonstrated that, in qualitative agreement with the calculations, the biological activity of tetracycline drops significantly in the presence of PS particles. Preliminary molecular dynamics simulations on two selected aggregates with each plastic served as first stability test of the aggregates under influence of temperature and in water. We found that all the selected cases persisted in water indicating that the aggregates may be stable also in more realistic environments. In summary, our data show that the interaction of micro- and nanoplastics with drugs can alter drug absorption, facilitate drug transport to new locations, and increase local antibiotic concentrations, potentially attenuating antibiotic effect and at the same time promoting antibiotic resistance.
In-vitro and in-vivo assessment of the bactericidal potential of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide disinfectants against A. hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia and their effect on water quality indices and fish stress biomarkers
Authors: Gamal Abdelrhman , Abdel-moneam Dalia A. , Morsi Asmaa Safwat , Malak Nermeen M. L. , Ali Asmaa Metwally , Khalefa Hanan S.
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to assess the in vitro and in vivo disinfectant potential of peracetic acid (PAA) (1 mg/L) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (20 mg/L) on the physicochemical and microbiological water quality parameters of fish aquaria, the microbial density of Nile tilapia muscular tissue, fish hepatic cortisol levels, and antioxidant biomarkers. In vitro, PAA and H2O2 reduced A. hydrophila colony viability by 5 log units after 30 and 5 min of contact time, respectively. PAA and H2O2 were added to aquaria water twice a week for the three-week experiment. Increased fish escape reflexes were observed only in the PAA group, which returned to normal within 10 min. No mortalities were reported in either the PAA or H2O2 groups. An in vivo experimental challenge with a pathogenic strain of A. hydrophila revealed a 20% reduction in mortality in the PAA group, with no mortalities in the H2O2 group. Cortisol levels and antioxidant markers were measured to assess the impact of PAA and H2O2 on fish health. Cortisol levels in the PAA and H2O2 groups were significantly higher than in the control group after disinfectant exposure, but they progressively returned to normal. A significant reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, along with considerably higher glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) enzymatic activity, was observed in the PAA and H2O2 groups compared to the control group. A substantial increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was recorded in the PAA group. Physicochemical analyses revealed reduced pH and increased dissolved oxygen levels in the PAA and H2O2 groups. Microbiological analyses showed a significant reduction in bacterial density in water by 64% and 76% after 30 min of exposure to PAA and H2O2, respectively, with a non-significant increase in microbial count after bacterial challenge. Additionally, aerobic bacterial count, Aeromonas spp., and psychotropic bacterial count in fish muscle showed a significant reduction in the H2O2 group compared to the PAA and control groups before and after infection. The study concludes that regular application of PAA and H2O2 can temporarily reduce bacterial load in aquaria and fish muscle, regulate stress responses, and improve fish health by reducing A. hydrophila-induced infections and improving survival.
Characterizing the luminosity components of luminous infrared galaxies in multi-wavelength from the X-ray to the far-infrared
Authors: Ali Abdallah A. M. , Gadallah Kamel A. K. , Shalabiea Osama. M. , Beheary Mohamed. M.
Published: October 2024

We characterize luminosity components of Ultra/Luminous Infrared Galaxies (U/LIRGs) in multi-wavelength from the X-ray to far-infrared. A set of 63 AGN U/LIRGs was selected where these galaxies are powered by a central active galactic nucleus (AGN). Utilizing the X-CIGALE code, SEDs for these galaxies are carried out where their SEDs are fitted with observations. Accordingly, the physical parameters such as the stellar mass, the dust-to-gas mass ratio, and the star formation rate are calculated. The total luminosity and its decomposed components (stellar, AGN, X-ray) are also calculated. We characterized these luminosities in relative to the intrinsic luminosity and in relative to each other. As a function of the stellar mass, these luminosities reveal an increase with different correlation coefficients, showing a strong correlation. In correlation with the intrinsic AGN power, the stellar, AGN, and X-ray luminosities are strongly correlates in their variation to the intrinsic AGN luminosity, showing stronger correlations of AGN, and X-ray luminosities than those of the stellar one. In relationships between various luminosity components, both the stellar and X-ray luminosities reveal strong correlations with the AGN luminosity. On the other hand, the X-ray luminosity varies strongly with the stellar luminosity and moderately with IR luminosity. Compared to obscured AGN galaxies, both the stellar and AGN luminosities similarly vary with increasing the intrinsic power of the active nucleus but for obscured AGN they are faster in their variation than that of U/LIRG. These correlations may offer valuable insights to understand the physical properties and their relationships through the evolution of U/LIRGs.
Decoding episodic autobiographical memory in naturalistic virtual reality
Authors: Lenormand Diane , Mentec Inès , Gaston-Bellegarde Alexandre , Orriols Eric , Piolino Pascale
Published: October 2024

Episodic autobiographical memory (EAM) is a long-term memory system of personally experienced events with their context – what, where, when – and subjective elements, e.g., emotions, thoughts, or self-reference. EAM formation has rarely been studied in a controlled, real-life-like paradigm, and there is no predictive model of long-term retrieval from self-rated subjective experience at encoding. The present longitudinal study, with three surprise free recall memory tests immediately, one-week and one-month after encoding, investigated incidental encoding of EAM in an immersive virtual environment where 30 participants either interacted with or observed specific events of varying emotional valences with simultaneous physiological recordings. The predictive analyses highlight the temporal dynamics of the predictors of EAM from subjective ratings at encoding: common characteristics related to sense of remembering and infrequency of real-life encounter of the event were identified over time, but different variables become relevant at different time points, such as the emotion and mental imagery or prospective aspects. This dynamic and time-dependent role of memory predictors challenges traditional views of a uniform influence of encoding factors over time. Current evidence for the multiphasic nature of memory formation points to the role of different mechanisms at play during encoding but also consolidation and subsequent retrieval.
High-resolution laser spectroscopy of singly charged natural uranium isotopes
Authors: Raggio Andrea , Block Michael , Campbell Paul , Cheal Bradley , de Groote Ruben P. , Gins Wouter , Koszorús Ágota , Moore Iain D. , Ortiz-Cortes Alejandro , Pohjalainen Ilkka , Warbinek Jessica
Published: October 2024

High-resolution collinear laser spectroscopy has been performed on singly charged ions of $$^{234,235,238}$$

234
,
235
,
238

U at the IGISOL facility of the Accelerator Laboratory, University of Jyväskylä, in Finland. Ten ionic transitions from the $$^{4}\hbox {I}_{9/2}$$

4

I

9
/
2

and $$^{6}\hbox {L}_{11/2}$$

6

L

11
/
2

ground and first excited states were measured in the 300 nm wavelength range, improving the precision of the hyperfine parameters of the lower states in addition to providing newly measured values for the upper levels. Isotope shifts of the analyzed transitions are also reported for $$^{234,235}$$

234
,
235

U with respect to $$^{238}$$

238

U.
Microbial community dynamics in blood, faeces and oral secretions of neotropical bats in Casanare, Colombia
Authors: Luna Nicolas , Páez-Triana Luisa , Ramírez Angie L. , Muñoz Marina , Goméz Marcela , Medina Julián E. , Urbano Plutarco , Barragán Karen , Ariza Catalina , Martínez Davinzon , Hernández Carolina , Patiño Luz H. , Ramirez Juan David
Published: October 2024

Bats are known reservoirs for a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, helminths, and protozoa, which can be transmitted and infect other zoonotic organisms. Various studies have utilised next-generation sequencing (NGS) to describe the pathogens associated with bats. Although most have characterised microbial communities in specific body fluids, few have analysed the composition and diversity of these microbial communities across different body fluids at the individual level. In this study, we employed two next-generation sequencing techniques: amplicon-based sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S- and 18S-rRNA genes and viral metagenomics, to describe the prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and viral communities present in blood, faeces, and oral swab samples collected from two genera of bats (Carollia and Phyllostomus) in the department of Casanare, eastern Colombia. A total of 60 samples corresponding to the three bodily fluids were processed and analysed. The results indicated that the microbial communities across the body fluids were mainly composed of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and various DNA and RNA viruses, showing a variability of microbial genera and species. The abundances, diversity metrics, and correlations of these microorganisms displayed patterns associated with bat genus and body fluids, suggesting that the ecological characteristics of these microbial communities may be influenced by the ecological and physiological traits of the bats. Additionally, we found similar community compositions of bacteria, some fungal genera, and viruses in the three body fluids, indicating a possible circulation of these microbes within the same bat. This could be due to microbial movement from the gut microbiota to other physiological systems or transmission via blood-feeding vectors. Furthermore, our results revealed the presence of various microbes of public health concern, including Bartonella spp., Mannheimia haemolytica, Rhodotorula spp., Piroplasmida spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Alphacoronavirus spp., and Bat circovirus. The abundance of these pathogenic microbial species across the three bodily fluids suggests potential transmission routes from bats to other organisms, which may contribute to the emergence of zoonotic disease outbreaks. These findings highlight the variability of microorganisms present within the same bat and the different pathogen-host interactions that may regulate the presence and transmission of these zoonotic microbes. Further research is required to elucidate the genomic features, ecological interactions, and biological activities of these microbial communities in bats.
Beyond traditional magnetic resonance processing with artificial intelligence
Authors: Jahangiri Amir , Orekhov Vladislav
Published: October 2024

Smart signal processing approaches using Artificial Intelligence are gaining momentum in NMR applications. In this study, we demonstrate that AI offers new opportunities beyond tasks addressed by traditional techniques. We developed and trained artificial neural networks to solve three problems that until now were deemed “impossible”: quadrature detection using only Echo (or Anti-Echo) modulation from the traditional Echo/Anti-Echo scheme; accessing uncertainty of signal intensity at each point in a spectrum processed by any given method; and defining a reference-free score for quantitative access of NMR spectrum quality. Our findings highlight the potential of AI techniques to revolutionize NMR processing and analysis.
Long-range phase coherence and tunable second order φ0-Josephson effect in a Dirac semimetal 1T-PtTe2
Authors: Sivakumar Pranava K. , Ahari Mostafa T. , Kim Jae-Keun , Wu Yufeng , Dixit Anvesh , de Coster George J. , Pandeya Avanindra K. , Gilbert Matthew J. , Parkin Stuart S. P.
Published: October 2024

Superconducting diode effects have recently attracted much attention for their potential applications in superconducting logic circuits. Several pathways have been proposed to give rise to non-reciprocal critical currents in various superconductors and Josephson junctions. In this work, we establish the presence of a large Josephson diode effect in a type-II Dirac semimetal 1T-PtTe2 facilitated by its helical spin-momentum locking and distinguish it from extrinsic geometric effects. The magnitude of the Josephson diode effect is shown to be directly correlated to the large second-harmonic component of the supercurrent. We denote such junctions, where the relative phase between the two harmonics can be tuned by a magnetic field, as ‘tunable second order φ0-junctions’. The direct correspondence between the second harmonic supercurrents and the diode effect in 1T-PtTe2 junctions at relatively low magnetic fields makes it an ideal platform to study the Josephson diode effect and Cooper quartet transport in Josephson junctions.
Impaired striatal glutathione–ascorbate metabolism induces transient dopamine increase and motor dysfunction
Authors: Malik Mohd Yaseen , Guo Fei , Asif-Malik Aman , Eftychidis Vasileios , Barkas Nikolaos , Eliseeva Elena , Timm Kerstin N. , Wolska Aleksandra , Bergin David , Zonta Barbara , Ratz-Wirsching Veronika , von Hörsten Stephan , Walton Mark E. , Magill Peter J. , Nerlov Claus , Minichiello Liliana
Published: October 2024

Identifying initial triggering events in neurodegenerative disorders is critical to developing preventive therapies. In Huntington’s disease (HD), hyperdopaminergia—probably triggered by the dysfunction of the most affected neurons, indirect pathway spiny projection neurons (iSPNs)—is believed to induce hyperkinesia, an early stage HD symptom. However, how this change arises and contributes to HD pathogenesis is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that genetic disruption of iSPNs function by Ntrk2/Trkb deletion in mice results in increased striatal dopamine and midbrain dopaminergic neurons, preceding hyperkinetic dysfunction. Transcriptomic analysis of iSPNs at the pre-symptomatic stage showed de-regulation of metabolic pathways, including upregulation of Gsto2, encoding glutathione S-transferase omega-2 (GSTO2). Selectively reducing Gsto2 in iSPNs in vivo effectively prevented dopaminergic dysfunction and halted the onset and progression of hyperkinetic symptoms. This study uncovers a functional link between altered iSPN BDNF-TrkB signalling, glutathione–ascorbate metabolism and hyperdopaminergic state, underscoring the vital role of GSTO2 in maintaining dopamine balance.
A NIR-II fluorescence probe for tracking oxidative stress in plants induced by metal contaminants
Authors: Deng Gaowei , Sun Lihe , Zeng Fang , Wu Shuizhu
Published: October 2024

An activatable NIR-II probe has been developed for tracking metal ion-induced oxidative stress in plants, which generates fluorescence signals in response to NO and is good for advancing plant health assessment and environmental monitoring.
Solid-state synthesis of ligand-assisted lead halide nanoclusters
Authors: Zeitz David C. , Chou Kai-Chun , Zhang Jin Z.
Published: October 2024

A solid-state synthesis of blue-emitting lead halide nanoclusters has been demonstrated for the first time.
Transition-metal-free photochemical reductive denitration of nitroarenes
Authors: Tang Shuai , Xu Weidong , Zhang Hua
Published: October 2024

A mild, transition-metal-free photochemical process for reductive denitration of nitroarenes with broad functional group compatibility has been developed.
Regulating electrical conductivity and Schottky nature of d10 metal ion-based nanoarchitectonics in coordination polymers
Authors: Shit Manik , Das Pubali , Samanta Arnab , Dutta Basudeb , Das Mainak , Roy Sourav , Sinha Chittaranjan , Ray Partha Pratim , Mir Mohammad Hedayetullah
Published: October 2024

This study emphasizes the impact of a d10 metal ion [Cd(ii)/Zn(ii)] on the charge transportation and Schottky barrier diode behavior of coordination polymers based on a highly conjugated ligand 4-(1-naphthylvinyl)pyridine.
A transmission-type terahertz beam reconfigurable metasurface based on a multilayer annular structure
Authors: Chen Qi , Yang Junyi , Dong Jinqi , Liu Lunyi , Liu Liang
Published: October 2024

The proposed terahertz metasurface realizes a beam deflection angle of 0° for temperatures below 60 °C, 67.6° for temperatures ranging from 60 °C to 72 °C, and 27.5° for temperatures exceeding 72 °C.
Decoding the enigma of RNA–protein recognition: quantum chemical insights into arginine fork motifs
Authors: Jangra Raman , Kukhta Teagan , Trant John F. , Sharma Purshotam
Published: October 2024

Systematic quantum mechanical analysis is employed to understand the intrinsic structural features, stabilities, and interaction energies of Arg forks.
Discrete and mixed-variable experimental design with surrogate-based approach
Authors: Zhu Mengjia , Mroz Austin , Gui Lingfeng , Jelfs Kim E. , Bemporad Alberto , del Río Chanona Ehecatl Antonio , Lee Ye Seol
Published: October 2024

We present a surrogate-based optimization technique for experimental design that handles discrete and mixed-variable constraints. Using MILP reformulation at the acquisition step, feasible samples can be proposed to facilitate experimental planning.
Navigating the Maize: cyclic and conditional computational graphs for molecular simulation
Authors: Löhr Thomas , Assante Michele , Dodds Michael , Cao Lili , Kabeshov Mikhail , Janet Jon-Paul , Klähn Marco , Engkvist Ola
Published: October 2024

Maize is a workflow manager for computational chemistry and simulation tasks, allowing conditional and cyclical execution.
Real-time chemical characterization of primary and aged biomass burning aerosols derived from sub-Saharan African biomass fuels in smoldering fires
Authors: James Markie’Sha , Moschos Vaios , McRee Megan M. , Fiddler Marc N. , Turpin Barbara J. , Surratt Jason D. , Bililign Solomon
Published: October 2024

The influence of biomass burning (BB)-derived organic aerosol (OA) emissions on solar radiation via absorption and scattering is related to their physicochemical properties and can change upon atmospheric aging.
Exploring the potential of sorghum with reference to its bioactivities, physicochemical properties and potential health benefits
Authors: Singh Sakshi , Habib Mehvish , McClements David Julian , Bashir Khalid , Jan Shumaila , Jan Kulsum
Published: October 2024

Sorghum, belonging to the Poaceae family, is a widely consumed grain, particularly in Africa.
Bifunctional molybdenum and vanadium materials: semiconductor properties for advanced electronics and catalytic efficiency in linalool oxidation
Authors: Sarjanović Josipa , Cader Mateja , Topić Edi , Razum Marta , Agustin Dominique , Rubčić Mirta , Pavić Luka , Pisk Jana
Published: October 2024

Molybdenum materials derived from acyl-hydrazones were synthesised. Structural changes and electrical properties were analyzed by in situ impedance spectroscopy. Catalytic performance in linalool oxidation was tested and compared to vanadium analogs.
Light-induced spiking response in proteinoid–actin–kombucha system
Authors: Mougkogiannis Panagiotis , Nikolaidou Anna , Adamatzky Andrew
Published: October 2024

SEM image of kombucha culture shows proteinoid microspheres and yeast cells. Spherical structures (0.5–1 μm) with rough surfaces are interconnected by fine filaments, demonstrating the complex structure of the biofilm.
Exploring the chemistry and composition of black soldier fly eumelanin, a material for a circular economy
Authors: Mostert A. B. , Mattiello S. , Li S. , Perna G. , Lasalvia M. , Ambrico P. F. , Paulin J. V. , Lima J. V. M. , Graeff C. F. O. , Phua J. W. , Matta M. , Surman A. J. , Gunnella R. , Ambrico M.
Published: October 2024

Demonstrated is the first example of dihydroxyindole carboxylic acid presence within an insect eumelanin, a conductive biomaterial material for the circular economy.
A highly efficient and recyclable CuI@UiO-67-bpy catalyst for direct sp2 C–H arylation of azoles
Authors: Li Tingting , Li Nan , Shi Dabin
Published: October 2024

CuI@UiO-67-bpy was successfully synthesized, and it displayed high catalytic activity in the direct C–H arylation of azoles.
Near-infrared fluorescence probes for the selective and sensitive detection of sulfur ions based on glutathione capped gold nanoclusters
Authors: Shi Jia , Fan Zhuorong , Zhang Rongrong , Feng Ziyu , Gong Xiaojuan , Song Shengmei , Dong Wenjuan
Published: October 2024

The excellent anti-interference ability of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent materials derived from long-wavelength emission has made them one of the most fascinating fluorescence probes.
DON encapsulated carbon dot–vesicle conjugate in therapeutic intervention of lung adenocarcinoma by dual targeting of CD44 and SLC1A5
Authors: Zaman Afreen , Ghosh Aparajita , Ghosh Anup Kumar , Das Prasanta Kumar
Published: October 2024

HACD–TMAV, a carbon dot–vesicle conjugate, selectively delivered glutamine inhibitor DON to CD44-enriched cancer cells, inducing ROS triggered apoptosis by dual targeting CD44 and SLC1A5 through downregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling cascade.
Interfacial coupling of NiSe in heterostructures promotes electrocatalytic hydrolysis of MoS2
Authors: Jiao Feng , Tang Jun , Huang Jinzhao , Liu Zehui , Xiao Jing
Published: October 2024

NiSe@MoS2 was prepared using a hydrothermal method. Interfacial effects between the two phases lead to electronic restructuring of the interfacial region, resulting in more active sites.
Stimuli-responsive anion transport utilising caged hydrazone-based anionophores
Authors: Ahmad Manzoor , Flerin Martin , Tay Hui Min , Thompson Amber L. , Duarte Fernanda , Langton Matthew J.
Published: October 2024

Stimuli-responsive anion transporters exploiting switchable hydrogen bonding interactions of hydroxyl-functionalised acylhydrazone anionophores are reported. Decaging with light or H2S switches on transport by reversing the hydrogen bonding pattern.
A liposome-based assay for cancer biomarker detection: exploring the correlation between platelet-derived microvesicles and NSCLC-associated miRNAs
Authors: Benariba Mohamed Aimene , Hannachi Kanza , Zhu Sha , Zhang Yuting , Wang Xiaoli , Zhou Nandi
Published: October 2024

This research reveals a significant correlation between PMVs and their associated miRNA. Additionally, the liposome-based assay demonstrates enhanced sensitivity with calcium-induced platelet activation.
Advances in liposomal nanotechnology: from concept to clinics
Authors: Senjab Reem M. , AlSawaftah Nour , Abuwatfa Waad H. , Husseini Ghaleb A.
Published: October 2024

A schematic diagram of a liposome's structure, highlighting its lipid bilayer. The illustration shows drug molecules encapsulated within the core or between phospholipid layers, offering insight into the liposome's role in drug delivery systems.
Facile synthesis of a 3D magnetic graphene oxide/Fe3O4/banana peel-derived cellulose composite aerogel for the efficient removal of tetracycline
Authors: Dang Lam-Tuan-Cuong , Phan Hoang-Vinh-Truong , Dao Minh-Trung , Dang Thanh-Truc , Suvokhiaw Soontorn , Do Nhan-Tam , Nguyen Thi-Anh-Minh , Nguyen Van-Kieu , Hoang Le-Thuy-Thuy-Trang
Published: October 2024

Graphene oxide, bio-cellulose derived from banana peels, and magnetic Fe3O4 were successfully integrated into an ultralight 3D composite aerogel, demonstrating a promising potential for the removal of tetracycline from aqueous solutions.
Facile synthesis of TiO2–carbon composite doped nitrogen for efficient photodegradation of noxious methylene blue dye
Authors: Onwubiko Victor , Matsushita Yoshihisa , Elshehy Emad A. , El-Khouly Mohamed E.
Published: October 2024

The present work demonstrates that the introduction of a nitrogen-doped carbon framework, synthesized through a sol-hydrothermal method, significantly enhances the photocatalytic degradation behavior of TiO2 towards methylene blue (MB).
Synergistic effects of fibrin-enriched adipose decellularized extracellular matrix (AdECM) and microfluidic model on vascularization
Authors: Shih Yu-Yin , Kao Chun-Wei , Jhong Yi-Rong , Chen Yi-An , Chen Yi-Wen
Published: October 2024

A schematic representation of the synergistic effects of AdECM and the microfluidic device in promoting and sustaining vasculogenesis, along with their applications in drug discovery, disease modeling, and monitoring of drug efficacy.
Synthesis of copper nanoparticles by a sonication-mediated method using Malpighia glabra fruit extract and their applications
Authors: Nguyen Trung Dien , Hoang Yen Hai , Thi-Tuyet Thai Nhung , Thi-Ngoc Trinh Gia
Published: October 2024

This study introduces an environmentally friendly technique for copper nanoparticle synthesis utilizing Malpighia glabra fruit extract under the sonication treatment.
N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-based core/shell microgels loaded with silver nanoparticles for catalysis
Authors: Hyat Muhammad Khizar , Roy Prashun Ghosh , Azam Muhammad , Zhou Shuiqin , Irfan Ahmad , Rizvi Nayab Batool , Begum Robina , Farooqi Zahoor H.
Published: October 2024

A new core/shell microgel loaded with silver nanoparticles was synthesized and characterized for catalytic applications.
An innovative electrochemical sensor for brinzolamide detection in athletes' urine using a mercury–phen complex: a step forward in anti-doping
Authors: Abdel-Hafez Noha G. , Ali Marwa F. B. , Atia Noha N. , El-Gizawy Samia M.
Published: October 2024

In this study, the electrochemical behavior of brinzolamide (BRZ), an antiglaucoma drug, was studied for the first time using a carbon paste electrode modified with a mercuric chloride–1,10-phenanthroline complex (HgCl2–Phen complex).
A comprehensive review on self-cleaning glass surfaces: durability, mechanisms, and functional applications
Authors: Xue Suqi , Yang Shanglei , Li Xiner , Li Qiubo , Hu Bangguo
Published: October 2024

With the advancement of materials engineering and the coatings industry, glass with excellent self-cleaning properties has emerged as a prominent research area.
CO2 hydrogenation to light olefins over Fe–Co/K–Al2O3 catalysts prepared via microwave calcination
Authors: Polsomboon Nutkamaithorn , Numpilai Thanapha , Jitapunkul Kulpavee , Faungnawakij Kajornsak , Chareonpanich Metta , An Xingda , He Le , Rupprechter Günther , Witoon Thongthai
Published: October 2024

Microwave calcination optimizes the Fe–C/Fe3O4 ratio to 0.34, enhancing CO2 conversion and light olefin yield.
A molecular-scale regulation strategy for designing asphalt-based hard carbon for superior sodium storage
Authors: Sheng Ling , Wei Peng , Ma He , Wu Shaoyang , Liang Kang , Li Jianbin , Wan Qi , Ren Yurong
Published: October 2024

The asphalt-based hard carbon material prepared by the novel gradient pre-oxidation process exhibits a more disordered microstructure. Additionally, it demonstrates excellent cycling performance, laying an excellent foundation for future research.
Ultrathin conjugated microporous thermoset nanosheets for efficient Li-ion storage
Authors: Li Yantuo , Sun Yuzhe , Zhang Jinshu , Yang Yang , Wu Jianxue , Ning Mingyi , Liu Wei
Published: October 2024

Ultrathin conjugated microporous thermoset nanosheets (CMT-n) was successfully synthesized based on a solvent-free, catalyst-free thermosetting process and CMT-n shows excellent discharge capacity and cycling stability as anodes for lithium storage.
3D MOF-derived Co-doped Cu3P/NC octahedra embedded in 2D MXene nanosheets for efficient energy conversion
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Yun Sining , Yang Tianxiang , Yang Guangping , Sun Menglong , Dang Jiaoe , Wang Zhiguo , Yang Haijiang , Yuan Shuangxi , Arshad Asim , Wang Ke
Published: October 2024

MOF-derived Co-doped Cu3P/NC octahedra are coupled with MXene to form a 3D@2D structure, which is conducive to promoting electron transport and proton transfer, thereby improving HER and IRR performance.
Glycidol-modified PEI: a highly selective adsorbent for SO2 in the presence of CO2
Authors: Kaur Chanjot , Sayari Abdelhamid
Published: October 2024

GD-PEI/S showed 100% selectivity for SO2 in the presence of CO2, indicating its potential as an effective filter for desulfurization before CO2 capture on amine-containing adsorbents.
Controlled therapeutic cholesterol delivery to cells for the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes
Authors: Berniak Krzysztof , Moradi Ahmadreza , Lichawska-Cieslar Agata , Szukala Weronika , Jura Jolanta , Stachewicz Urszula
Published: October 2024

The research concept involves investigating how cholesterol endocytosis impacts cells using electrospun fibers as a carrier. We studied keratinocyte proliferation and evaluated gene expression levels for markers of early and late differentiation.
Unveiling the dynamics of phase-transition from ferroelectric to relaxor behavior in Nd-doped BNT-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Eom Jaegyeong , Lee Gwangseop , Saleem Mohsin , Ichimura Masaya , Khan Muhammad Zubair , Hanif Muhammad Bilal , Malik Rizwan Ahmed , Koh Jung-Hyuk
Published: October 2024

Nd-doped BNKBT ceramics show a ferroelectric-to-relaxor transition and high piezoelectric performance, demonstrating a balance between ferroelectric and relaxor phases for improved electrical and structural properties in lead-free applications.
Fabrication of a high-efficiency hydrogen generation Pd/C3N5-K,I photocatalyst through synergistic effects of planar and spatial carrier separation
Authors: Gao Yanan , Wang Jingjing , Yang Jingxuan , Wang Yajie , Tian Wenjuan , Liu Bin
Published: October 2024

Non-metallic I heteroatoms and metal Pd nanoparticles construct the charge transfer pathways within and across the CN layers, enhancing electron–hole separation.
Green synthesis of silver and copper-doped zinc oxide nanoflowers using Leucophyllum frutescens leaf extract for photodegradation of methylene blue dye and antibacterial applications
Authors: Nandasana Maitri , Imboon Tanawat , Layek Rashbihari , Dey Arindam , Pandya Pranav , Parihar Vijay Singh , Tawre Madhumita S. , Sutar Santosh , Kumbhakar Pathik , Pardesi Karishma , Thongmee Sirikanjana , Ghosh Sougata
Published: October 2024

This is the first report on biogenic synthesis of silver and copper-doped zinc oxide nanoflowers using Leucophyllum frutescens leaf extract for environmental and biomedical applications.
Organometallic synthesis of a high-density Pt single atom catalyst on nickel for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Veettil Vineesh Thazhe , Shanmugasundaram Manoj , Zitoun David
Published: October 2024

Single atom platinum catalysts, characterized by isolated Pt atoms dispersed on suitable supports, exhibit high hydrogen evolution catalytic mass activity.
High‐contrast QPSK pattern recognition device consisting of a 4×$\times$4 MMI coupler
Authors: Aikawa Yohei , Uenohara Hiroyuki
Published: October 2024

Pattern recognition of optical label is utilized not only in packet switches but also in the field of data security due to its wide range of applications. In particular, pattern recognition using waveguide devices is highly valued because it eliminates the need for encoder processing. However, existing methods suffer from the problem of degraded contrast ratio because half of the input power are emitted from non‐target waveguides. In this article, a method is proposed to improve the contrast ratio employing a 44 multi‐mode interference (MMI) coupler with multiple input signals. The theoretical results reveal that the proposed method improves the contrast ratio from 3.0 dB to 9.5 dB and dB for the three‐input and four‐input cases, respectively, for quadrature phase‐shift keying (QPSK)‐modulated signal. Furthermore, numerical simulation was performed through the three dimension finite‐difference time‐domain (3D‐FDTD) method, and the proposed scheme successfully discriminated each QPSK pattern. The power value at all ports closely matches the theoretical value, and the ratios of 9.5 dB and 30.0 dB are numerically obtained.