bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved Mainlobe Interference Suppression Based on Blocking Matrix Preprocess
Authors: Yang Jie , Liu Congfeng
Published: March 2015

For the problem of mainlobe direction shifting that is caused by the mainlobe interference suppression based on blocking matrix preprocess, an effective method is proposed which is based on the combination of diagonal loading and linear constraints. Therein, the reason for mainlobe direction shifting is analyzed and found to be that the covariance matrix mismatch exists in the realization of the adaptive beamforming. Therefore, the diagonal loading processing is used to overcome the mismatch and correct the mainlobe direction shifting, and the linear constraints are used to make sure of the beam pattern nulling in the interference directions; then the desired performance of adaptive beamforming is obtained. Simulation results attest the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method, and they also show that the proposed method is insensitive to the selection of diagonal loading level, which means the loading factor is easy to choose.
Contrato de gestão
Authors: Bertolini Débora Brandão , Leite Mota Aline Veras , Meloni Diego Roberto , Costa Fernanda Nogueira , Costa André Lucirton , Matos Pedro Vaz de Lima
Published: March 2015

Contrato de gestão é um instrumento firmado entre o Poder Público e as Organizações Sociais de Saúde (OSS), pelo qual se transfere a gestão de serviços e equipamentos do primeiro para a execução das atividades pelo segundo. Objetivo: analisar os indicadores de desempenho do contrato entre a Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de São Paulo e a FAEPA (OSS), na administração do Centro de Referência da Saúde da Mulher de Ribeirão Preto – MATER. Metodologia: Por meio de um estudo exploratório na modalidade estudo de caso, realizou-se entrevistas com os gestores da MATER e análise de dados referentes ao número de saídas hospitalares, atendimento e cirurgias ambulatoriais, além de indicadores qualitativos dos serviços de atenção ao usuário. Resultados: Entre os contratos de gestão de 2009 e 2013 houve aumento nos valores pactuados. Entretanto, ao ajustar as metas entre Março à Dezembro de 2009 e Janeiro a Fevereiro de 2013, houve redução das saídas hospitalares, cirurgias ambulatoriais e exames radiológicos; com aumento no atendimento ambulatorial, de urgências e de exames endoscópicos. Esses resultados estão atrelados ao repasse de verbas. Conclusão: nossos dados sugerem a necessidade de uma busca ativa da real demanda da população atendida, para que haja planejamento estratégico na oferta de serviços aos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde.
Atuação da comissão de farmácia e terapêutica em um hospital de ensino
Authors: Primo Lilian P. , Carvalho Elias de , Lima Adriano E. U. de , Gandolfi Claudia B. T. , Padula Kátia M. , Bózoli Luís F. B. , Abramovícius Alexandra C. , Dallora Maria Eulália L. V , Pazin Filho Antonio
Published: March 2015

As atividades hospitalares caracterizam-se por um acentuado dinamismo em consequência do surgimento de novas tecnologias em saúde, tais como medicamentos. Uma unidade hospitalar, devido suas características de ensino, pesquisa e atendimentos de alta complexidade, possui maior concentração de diferentes tipos de tecnologias em saúde. O Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto –USP (HCFMRP-USP) é uma instituição hospitalar, de qualidade comprovada, inserido no SUS como referência terciária/quaternária e que conta com a Divisão de Assistência Farmacêutica (DAF) para desenvolvimento das ações de atenção a saúde. A DAF para auxílio da gestão de recursos, seleção e padronização de medicamentos adotou como estratégia a Comissão de Farmácia e Terapêutica (CFT). A CFT é uma instância colegiada, de caráter consultivo e deliberativo, estabelecida pela Organização Mundial de Saúde como ferramenta de estratégia para monitorar e promover a qualidade no uso do medicamento, porém estudos que sobre a atuação das CFTs no Brasil são incipientes. Desta forma, este estudo pretende apresentar a CFT do HCFMRP-USP. Objetivos: apresentar a composição, atribuições e metodologia de trabalho da CFT, bem como desenvolver uma análise crítica de seu atual funcionamento. Metodologia: Foi realizado estudo descritivo e exploratório com o objetivo de descrever o atual funcionamento da CFT do HCFMRP-USP. Foram buscadas portarias, regulamentações internas e foi realizada revisão bibliográfica sobre a CFT. Para Análise crítica do atual funcionamento, foi selecionado dentre os itens padronizados pela comissão aquele que se enquadrasse como pertencente a classificação A e V, após o cruzamento das curvas ABC e VEN, cujo item selecionado foi o medicamento Sevoflurano. Resultados: A CFT foi instituída no ano de 2010 em substituição a extinta comissão de padronização. Desde então, a CFT analisou 134 solicitações e destas 41 foram padronizadas. O medicamento sevoflurano foi incorporado no HCFMRP-USP em 2010 e, a partir deste ano, observa-se um aumento gradativo do consumo do mesmo. Entretanto, após análise das prescrições do referido medicamento no ano de 2012, foi observado que a dispensação do sevoflurano não segue as especificações do perfil de pacientes conforme estabelecido no protocolo instituído no momento da padronização. Conclusões: Portanto, concluímos que a implantação da CFT foi uma estratégia que proporcionou a padronização racional. Entretanto, observa-se que não há controle da dispensação e utilização do medicamento de acordo com o protocolo estabelecido no momento da padronização. Salientamos que o controle do uso do Sevoflurano não é atribuição da CFT devendo esta atribuição ser delegada à área técnica responsável.
Taxonomic status of Engraulis nattereri Steindachner, 1880 (Osteichthyes: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae)
Authors: LOEB MARINA VIANNA , MENEZES NAÉRCIO AQUINO
Published: March 2015

Engraulis nattereri Steindachner, 1880 was described on the basis of five specimens collected in Pará during the Nathaniel Thayer Expedition. Later on, the species was assigned to Anchoviella by Fowler (1941). Including Anchoviella nattereri (Steindachner, 1880), Anchoviella comprises 17 small to medium-sized valid species (20–160 mm standard length), nine of them distributed in freshwaters of the Amazon, Essequibo, Corantijn and Orinoco river basins, and other eight brackish and marine species distributed along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North, Central and South America (Loeb & Figueiredo, 2014).
Systematics and faunistics of Neotropical Eucosmini. 1. Chimoptesis Powell, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: RAZOWSKI ÓZEF , BECKER VITOR OSMAR
Published: March 2015

Twenty-one new species of Chimoptesis are described and illustrated: C. costaricae (TL: Costa Rica: San José), C. phanera (TL: Mexico: Chiapas), C. rubigo (TL: Mexico: Chiapas), C. rosariana (TL: Cuba: Pinar Rio), C. miniaula (TL: Mexico: Chiapas), C. kallion (TL: Mexico: Chiapas), C. potosiana (TL: Mexico: Nuevo Leon), C. obliquaria (TL: Mexico: Nuevo Leon), C. angulata (TL: Mexico: Chiapas), C. dentitia (TL: Mexico: Chiapas), C. faceta (TL: Mexico: Nuevo Leon), C. caera (TL: Mexico: Chiapas), C. castanescens (TL: Mexico: Chiapas), C. albomixta (TL: Mexico: Distrito Federal), C. cornigera (TL: Mexico: Nuevo Leon), C. mitrion (TL: Mexico: Nuevo Leon), C. setoses (TL: Cuba: Santiago), C. juniptesis (TL: Mexico: Chiapas), C. tamaulipasia (TL: Mexico: Tamaulipas), C. zoquiapana (Mexico: Distrito Federal), and C. rufobrunnea (TL: Costa Rica: San José). Formerly known only from the U.S., Chimoptesis is recorded south to Costa Rica in Central America and Cuba in the Caribbean.
Description of Pseudingolfiella possessionis n. sp. (Crustacea, Amphipoda)
from sub-Antarctic Île de La Possession, Crozet archipelago: the second
freshwater amphipod known from the Antarctic biome, a human introduction of Gondwanan ancestry?
Authors: SMET WILLEM H. DE
Published: March 2015

A new species of freshwater amphipod, Pseudingolfiella possessionis n. sp. (Senticaudata, Pseudingolfiellidae), is described from the submerged moss vegetation of small brooklets at sub-Antarctic Île de La Possession, Crozet archipelago. It constitutes the second freshwater amphipod species known for the sub-Antarctic and Antarctic region, and the fourth member of the genus. The main characters distinguishing it from all congeners are: the spine on the posterior margin of the dactylus, incisor and lamina mobilis of mandible each with 5 teeth, the setation of the maxilliped, the vestigial second article of pleopod 3 in the female, the undulate and laterally notched posterolateral margin of the external ramus of uropods 1 and 2 in the male, the spinulate dorsomedian projection of the telson.
A new species of Cogia from Oaxaca, Mexico (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae)
Authors: WARREN ANDREW D. , DOLIBAINA DIEGO R. , HERNÁNDEZ-MEJÍA CLAUDIA
Published: March 2015

A new species of Cogia A. Butler, 1870, is described from two localities ranging from 1470 to 2000 m elevation in the Sierra Madre del Sur of Oaxaca, Mexico; it occurs in cloud forest habitats and appears to be endemic to Mexico. Cogia buena, n. sp., is closely related to C. mala Evans, 1953 and C. aventinus (Godman & Salvin, 1894); these three species are the only known Cogia taxa whose males lack a hair tuft on the dorsal hindwing, and all have similar genitalia.
Group health education in inpatient rehabilitation: Patients’ role perceptions
Authors: Schöpf Andrea C , Ullrich Antje , Nagl Michaela , Farin Erik
Published: March 2015

Objective:

Group health education is an important aspect of medical rehabilitation. While interaction and active involvement are important characteristics of group health education, little is known about patients’ understanding of their role in this form of education. This study explored patients’ understanding of their role in group health education as part of inpatient rehabilitation.

Design:

Qualitative, in-depth study.

Setting:

Six orthopaedic rehabilitation facilities in Germany.

Methods:

A total of 30 patients participated in six focus groups, and data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results:

Findings reveal a complex picture concerning patient role both during and after group health education. Participants expected that patients should fulfil an active patient role and be good patients, but also said that some patients did not always comply with these expectations. Participants perceived that personal, group health education–related and environmental factors can affect the fulfilment of their role.

Conclusion:

Group health education should not be seen in isolation but in the context of the complex network of personal, group health education–related and environmental factors. Engagement with these factors can contribute to patients’ fulfilment of an active patient role and sustainable success after rehabilitation.
Drugged and Dangerous
Authors: DeLisi Matt , Vaughn Michael G. , Salas-Wright Christopher P. , Jennings Wesley G.
Published: March 2015

The evidence is clear that substance use and drug problems often accompany other antisocial behavior generally and violent behavior specifically; however, the specificity of the drug/violence nexus is less clear. Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) between 2008 and 2012, the current study examined the prevalence and possible heterogeneity of substance use among serious violent offenders in the United States. Three latent classes were discovered: Class 1 (61.18% of sample) who displayed limited substance use morbidity, Class 2 (28.17% of sample) who displayed comorbid alcohol and marijuana use disorders, and Class 3 (10.65% of sample) who displayed polydrug abuse/dependence and severe criminal careers. Additional results indicated that the most serious violent offenders have substance use problems that appear amenable to treatment; however, the most antisocial violent offenders also have the most severe drug problems. Implications of study findings for the epidemiology of antisocial behavior and correctional interventions are discussed.
Grief and Risk of Depression in Context
Authors: Francis Linda E. , Kypriotakis Georgios , O’Toole Elizabeth E. , Bowman Karen F. , Rose Julia Hannum
Published: March 2015

We investigated the relationships of grief and depression to cancer caregiving in early bereavement. We began with three expectations: (a) each outcome would reflect different situational predictors, (b) grief would be more directly related to such predictors, and (c) components of grief would relate differently to the caregiving context and depressed mood. We conducted telephone interviews with family caregivers of incurable cancer patients from two hospitals. A total of 199 family caregivers were interviewed at the time of the patient’s diagnosis and reinterviewed 3 months after the patient’s death. Results showed grief severity was predicted by caregiving circumstances, but bereavement depressed mood was largely unrelated to caregiving. Grief was the main predictor of depressed mood and mediated almost all other effects. We conclude that while grief may trigger depression, the dissimilar connection to context means that the two emotional states should not be equated based purely on similarity of expression.
Promoting Collaboration Between Hospice and Palliative Care Providers and Adult Day Services for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Ronneberg Corina R. , Peters-Beumer Lisa , Marks Beth , Factor Alan
Published: March 2015

While end-of-life issues are increasingly gaining more attention, people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) continue to receive significantly less consideration in research, education, and clinical practice compared with the general population. This is a growing concern especially since the sheer number of persons aging with IDD is expected to double in the next 17 years. Furthermore, policies are shifting to reflect a preference for home and community-based services as an alternative to institutionalization, and it becomes evident that adult day services (ADS) may be ideal settings for receipt of end-of-life care, especially among individuals with IDD. However, end-of-life care and advance planning most commonly occur in long-term care settings for the general population and have historically been less of a priority in ADS and residential services for people with IDD. This article discusses the attitudes of, and collaboration between, ADS and end-of-life providers for aging adults including persons with IDD and explores how ADS may be a great pathway for delivering end-of-life care to the IDD population. Implications and recommendations will also be examined.
Disenfranchised Grief Following African American Homicide Loss
Authors: Piazza-Bonin Elizabeth , Neimeyer Robert A. , Burke Laurie A. , McDevitt-Murphy Meghan E. , Young Amanda
Published: March 2015

Disenfranchised grief is experienced when a mourner’s grief response is socially invalidated, unacknowledged, or discouraged. When the circumstances of death or the emotional reactions of the griever violate social norms, empathic failures can occur within the bereaved individual’s support systems. This study used conventional content analysis, an intensive and inductive qualitative research method, to analyze the experience of one African American woman who lost her only son to homicide, a particularly distressing and marginalized form of loss. Results elucidate both the empathic failings and resiliencies within the social systems of this griever and emerged from the perspectives offered by the bereaved mother and her primary supporter. Clinical implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Altered mental status is an indicator of mortality and associated with both infectious and non-communicable disease in Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Harrington Bryna , Kyriakos Vorkas Charles , Kanyama Cecilia , Ngoma Jonathan , Hoffman Irving , Hosseinipour Mina C.
Published: March 2015

Little is known about diseases associated with altered mental status (AMS) in resource-limited settings. We studied adult medicine patients presenting with AMS in Lilongwe, Malawi and found that AMS and HIV infection were each significantly associated with mortality. It is therefore critical that evaluation and management in this patient population is improved.
Examining the Validity and Reliability of Antonovsky’s Sense of Coherence Scale in a Population of Pregnant Australian Women
Authors: Ferguson Sally , Davis Deborah , Browne Jenny , Taylor Jan
Published: March 2015

Antonovsky’s Orientation to Life questionnaires were developed to measure sense of coherence (SOC). Although the SOC 13 instrument is widely used to measure health in general populations, it has not been assessed in pregnant women. If the SOC 13 is to be used to assess women’s childbearing health, it requires further examination. The purpose of the research is to assess the psychometric properties of Antonovsky’s SOC 13 questionnaire in pregnant women. When administered to 718 pregnant Australian women, the construct validity of the SOC 13 was difficult to establish. The SOC 9 was created by removing 4 items and provided best data fit. The SOC 13 and SOC 9 were found to have sound criterion validity, internal reliability, and equivalence between versions. It is hoped that the present study will stimulate additional research on SOC scales to examine their ability to assess women’s childbearing health.
Attachment between infants and mothers in China
Authors: Archer Marc , Steele Miriam , Lan Jijun , Jin Xiaochun , Herreros Francisca , Steele Howard
Published: March 2015

The first distribution of Chinese infant–mother ( n = 61) attachment classifications categorised by trained and reliability-tested coders is reported with statistical comparisons to US norms and previous Chinese distributions. Three-way distribution was 15% insecure-avoidant, 62% secure, 13% insecure-resistant, and 4-way distribution was 13% insecure-avoidant, 58% secure, 16% insecure-resistant,13% disorganised. These findings support the hypotheses that: (1) consistent with global norms the majority of infants will show secure attachments to mother; (2) insecure-resistant attachments will be greater than insecure-avoidant attachments in this interdependent cultural setting; and (3) disorganised attachments will be comparable to Western norms. Pooled samples from previously reported Chinese samples demonstrate deviations from US norms on all categories including relatively low proportions of avoidant and disorganised classifications, especially among samples from the South. Culture-specific childrearing practices and the role of training and reliability-testing for coders are suggested as possible contributors to these differences.
Analysis and design procedure of hybrid long-span cable-stayed bridge using advanced composite material
Authors: Peng Zhao , Ling-zhi Xie , Cheung Moe MS
Published: March 2015

An innovative solution is proposed in this paper by introducing a hybrid-type cable stayed bridge as a competent system to safely bridge very long spans. The new system leads into huge reduction in deck weight and its critical stresses in the pylon zones by using hybrid advanced composite deck. It also reduces the stiffness losses of the stay-cables due to the catenary’s action by using carbon fiber reinforced polymer cables. The paper proposes a proper consistent and systematic analysis and design procedure that optimize and precisely simulate the proposed bridge system. It recognizes the changes in structural behavior of the cable-stayed system, accordingly it clearly defines the ultimate and serviceability limit states for such new structural system in consistence with the limit state design philosophy. The design steps of the ADP represent a multi-scale design technique while the analysis steps characterize a multi-scale modeling technique. They represent the material design in the micro/macro-level, and accurate homogenization of the advanced composite components properties and evaluation of the resulting anisotropic characteristics and then, three-dimensionally simulate the hybrid bridge system involving all its nonlinearities. This paper investigates the performance of a new hybrid long-span cable-stayed bridge, which engages the use of advanced composite materials for the deck and the stay-cables, applying the analysis and design procedure. This design is scaled to match the general geometrical shapes, structural and aerodynamic characteristics of three of the world-longest cable-stayed bridges. What’s more, four advanced composite deck section models are proposed in this research. In order to study the performance of the referenced bridges, such as the natural frequencies, the deck top surface maximum vertical displacement, maximum Tsai-Hill failure function and the critical flutter velocity, three sets of parameters are investigated. The parameters include: (i) the micro level parameters-fiber fraction, (ii) the macro level parameters-Laminas Dominant Fiber Alignment and Laminate Thickness and (iii) the structure level parameters- cable radius.
Friction characteristics of trocars in laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Alazmani Ali , Roshan Rupesh , Jayne David G , Neville Anne , Culmer Peter
Published: March 2015

This article investigates the friction characteristics of the instrument–trocar interface in laparoscopic surgery for varying linear instrument velocities, trocar seal design and material, and trocar tilt. Furthermore, the effect of applying lubrication at the instrument–trocar seal interface on friction was studied. A friction testing apparatus was designed and built to characterise the resistance force at the instrument–trocar interface as a function of the instrument’s linear movement in the 12-mm trocar (at constant velocity) for different design, seal material, and angle of tilt. The resistance force depended on the trocar seal design and material properties, specifically surface roughness, elasticity, hardness, the direction of movement, and the instrument linear velocity, and varied between 0.25 and 8 N. Lubricating the shaft with silicone oil reduced the peak resistance force by 75% for all trocars and eliminated the stick–slip phenomenon evident in non-lubricated cases. The magnitude of fluctuation in resistance force depends on the trocar design and is attributed to stick–slip of the sealing mechanism and is generally higher during retraction in comparison to insertion. Trocars that have an inlet seal made of rubber/polyurethane showed higher resistance forces during retraction. Use of a lubricant significantly reduced frictional effects. Comparisons of the investigated trocars indicate that a low friction port, providing the surgeon with improved haptic feedback, can be designed by improving the tribological properties of the trocar seal interface.
Using Elecsys® HIV Combi PT assay to identify acute and early HIV infection in a teaching hospital of southwest China
Authors: Zhu Siyuan , Li Dongdong , An Jingna , Chen Qixia , Liu Qianqian , Tao Chuanmin
Published: March 2015

This study is the first attempt to evaluate the use of the Elecsys® HIV combi PT assay in identifying acute and early HIV infection in southwest China. We also analyzed the extent of cutoff ratios overlap between false-positive and true-positive results to aid the identification of HIV infection, using samples from the West China Hospital in Chengdu, Sichuan Province from April 2012 to December 2013. Reactive results from a screening test were retested and all repeatedly reactive samples – if available – were confirmed with Western blot, HIV-1 p24 antigen, or HIV-1 RNA. Of 241,840 samples screened, the Elecsys® HIV combi PT assay identified 54 patients with acute and early HIV infection; 99.8% cases with cutoff index ratios ≥50 were proved to be true-positive HIV infection and 95.6% cases with cutoff index ratios <15 were falsely positive. In conclusion, the Elecsys® HIV combi PT assay can identify acute and early HIV infection, including those who might have been missed by third-generation HIV screening assays and Western blot. However, cutoff index ratios <15 are not always false-reactive results; a definitive result cannot be attained without further confirmation. In resource-poor regions where a HIV-1 nucleic acid test may be unaffordable, detection of HIV-1 p24 antigen can be an alternative strategy to diagnose HIV infection in individuals with a negative or indeterminate Western blot.
What makes successful entrepreneurs different in temporal and goal-commitment dimensions?
Authors: Przepiorka Aneta
Published: March 2015

Purpose

The article is an attempt to identify, with respect to temporal and goal-commitment dimension (effort, persistence, goal satisfaction), the characteristics of entrepreneurs in different stages of the entrepreneurial process (the prelaunch and postlaunch phases) and to indicate the differences between entrepreneurs and nonentrepreneurs.

Methodology

To answer this question, data from three samples were collected. Actual ( N = 127) and nascent ( N = 344) entrepreneurs filled questionnaires: the Scale of Entrepreneurial Success, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, and Goal Questionnaire. These two groups were compared to participants either not interested in opening their own business or showing low intention to start their business ( N = 475).

Findings

The results showed that both types of entrepreneurs were more future-oriented and perceived their presence less fatalistically than the group not interested in becoming entrepreneurs. Additionally, entrepreneurs put in more effort, were more persistent in pursuing their goals, and derived more satisfaction from their goals.
Regimes of time: Media practices of the dispossessed
Authors: Kaun Anne
Published: March 2015

Media technologies are structuring time and space in crucial ways. Especially the temporal aspect has been of interest lately, which is expressed in a growing commentary on media-related time in terms of speed and acceleration. Taking this discussion as a starting point, I problematize the consequences of temporal structuring by media technologies for civic participation and more specifically protest movements. Drawing on two case studies – the unemployed workers’ movements of the 1930s and the Occupy Wall Street movement of 2011/2012 – I explore the changing regimes of time that are related to dominant media technologies. The main aim is to disentangle the relationship between temporal regimes suggested by media technologies and their appropriation by protest movements that emerged in major economic crises. Combing archival materials with in-depth interviews, I discuss the importance of media practices for the two movements and uncover a shift from mechanical speed to digital immediacy having crucial implications for democracy and civic participation.
Chinese nurses’ perceived barriers and facilitators of ethical sensitivity
Authors: Huang Fei Fei , Yang Qing , Zhang Jie , Khoshnood Kaveh , Zhang Jing Ping
Published: March 2015

Background:

An overview of ethical sensitivity among Chinese registered nurses is needed to develop and optimize the education programs and interventions to cultivate and improve ethical sensitivity.

Aim:

The study was conducted to explore the barriers to and facilitators of ethical sensitivity among Chinese registered nurses working in hospital settings.

Research design:

A convergent parallel mixed-methods research design was adopted.

Participants and research context:

In the cross-sectional quantitative study, the Chinese Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire–revised version was used to assess the levels of ethical sensitivity among registered nurses, and the scores were correlated with key demographics, training experiences in ethics, and workplace cultural environments ( n = 306). In the qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were used to elicit the nurses’ perceptions of the barriers and facilitators in nurturing ethical sensitivity ( n = 15). The data were collected from February to June 2014.

Ethical considerations:

This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Yale University and Central South University.

Results:

Despite moderately high overall Chinese Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire–revised version scores, the ethical sensitivity among Chinese nurses lags in practice. Barriers to ethical sensitivity include the lack of knowledge related to ethics, lack of working experience as a nurse, the hierarchical organizational climate, and the conformist working attitude. The positive workplace cultural environments and application of ethical knowledge in practice were considered potential facilitators of ethical sensitivity.

Discussion:

The findings of this study were compared with studies from other countries to examine the barriers and facilitators of ethical sensitivity in Chinese nurses.

Conclusion:

This mixed-methods study showed that even though the Chinese nurses have moderately high sensitivity to the ethical issues encountered in hospitals, there is still room for improvement. The barriers to and facilitators of ethical sensitivity identified here offer new and important strategies to support and enhance the nurses’ sensitivity to ethical issues.
Does a Culture of Appalachia Truly Exist?
Authors: Denham Sharon A.
Published: March 2015

Some disagreement exists about whether an Appalachian culture exists. Common notions about Appalachia’s people are tied to myths that disguise truths about those that claim a heritage tied to place. Living in the region is different from having multiple generations of ancestors and a family legacy associated with place. Conclusions suggest that cultural traits of some residents are recognizable as unique from others in the nation’s mainstream, but they are not generalizable to all people living in the Appalachian region.
Exploring the Nurse Practitioner Role in Managing Fractures in Long-Term Care
Authors: Kaasalainen Sharon , Papaioannou Alexandra , Burgess Jennifer , Van der Horst Mary Lou
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this study was to assess the current level of involvement of nurse practitioners (NPs) in activities related to preventing and managing fractures in long-term care (LTC). This study used a sequential explanatory mixed methods design that included two phases—a cross-sectional survey followed by qualitative interviews. A final sample of 12 NPs completed the online survey for a response rate of 67%. Eleven of the 12 NPs who completed the survey agreed to participate in a follow-up interview. NPs reported that they were quite engaged in managing fractures in LTC; specifically, they were most active in caring for residents post-fracture. NPs described their role as being holistic in nature in their assessment and treatments related to managing fractures. The findings from this mixed method study add to the growing body of knowledge related to how NPs manage fractures in LTC.
Applicability of the uncoupled ductile fracture criteria in micro-scaled plastic deformation
Authors: Ran JQ , Fu MW
Published: March 2015

Micro-scaled plastic deformation, viz., microforming, has been widely used to fabricate microparts with at least two dimensions in submillimeter. In microforming, ductile fracture significantly affects product quality and the forming limit of materials. It happens when the deformation method, mode and sequence are not reasonable. Although extensive research on ductile fracture and ductile fracture criteria in macroforming domain has been conducted, the applicability of these criteria in microforming scenario has not yet been extensively explored and studied. It is thus necessary to explore and address this issue to support the design of microforming process and quality control of the microformed parts. In this paper, the applicability of the uncoupled ductile fracture criteria’s in microforming is investigated and discussed. The hybrid constitutive model developed in prior research is used to study the applicability of ductile fracture criteria in microforming via finite element simulation and physical experiments. The simulation results of each criterion are compared with the upsetting experiment to determine the most suitable criterion for further experimental implementation in flanged upsetting and extrusion processes. The influence of size-effects on the applicability of the uncoupled ductile fracture criteria is explored and the stress-induced fracture map is used to demonstrate this effect. The applicability of ductile fracture criteria in microforming is extensively revealed and analyzed and the research thus provides an in-depth understanding of the applicability of ductile fracture criteria in microforming processes.
Green Space, Violence, and Crime
Authors: Bogar Sandra , Beyer Kirsten M.
Published: March 2015

Purpose:

To determine the state of evidence on relationships among urban green space, violence, and crime in the United States.

Methods and Results:

Major bibliographic databases were searched for studies meeting inclusion criteria. Additional studies were culled from study references and authors’ personal collections. Comparison among studies was limited by variations in study design and measurement and results were mixed. However, more evidence supports the positive impact of green space on violence and crime, indicating great potential for green space to shape health-promoting environments.

Conclusion:

Numerous factors influence the relationships among green space, crime, and violence. Additional research and standardization among research studies are needed to better understand these relationships.
Renoprotective effects of angiotensin receptor blocker and stem cells in acute kidney injury: Involvement of inflammatory and apoptotic markers
Authors: Sherif Iman O , Al-Mutabagani Laila A , Alnakhli Anwar M , Sobh Mohamed A , Mohammed Hoda E
Published: March 2015

Cisplatin, Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP), is a platinum-based chemotherapy drug, and its chemotherapeutic use is restricted by nephrotoxicity. Inflammatory and apoptotic mechanisms play a central role in the pathogenesis of CDDP-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic potential of candesartan, angiotensin II receptor blocker, versus bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in a rat model of CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity. Adult male Wistar rats ( n = 40) were divided into four groups; Normal control: received saline injection, CDPP group: received CDDP injection (6 mg/kg single dose), Candesartan group: received candesartan (10 mg/kg/day) for 10 days + CDDP at day 3, and Stem cells group: received CDDP + BM-MSCs intravenously one day after CDDP injection. The rats were sacrificed seven days after CDDP injection. Significant elevation in serum creatinine and urea, renal levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, renal expressions of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), caspase-3 and Bcl-2-associated x protein (Bax) were found in CDDP-injected rats when compared to normal rats. Both candesartan and BM-MSCs ameliorated renal function and reduced significantly the inflammatory markers (TNF-α , NF-κB, p38-MAPK and MCP-1) and apoptotic markers (caspase-3 and Bax) in renal tissue after CDDP injection. Candesartan as well as BM-MSCs have anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions and they can be used as nephroprotective agents against CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity. BM-MSCs is more effective than candesartan in amelioration of AKI induced by CDDP.
Pregnancy in women with inherited metabolic disease
Authors: Murphy Elaine
Published: March 2015

An increasing number of women with rare inherited disorders of metabolism are becoming pregnant. Whilst, in general, outcomes for women and their children are good, there are issues that need to be considered. Due to the rarity of many conditions, there is limited specific guidance available on best management. Prepregnancy counselling with information on inheritance, options for reproduction, teratogenicity risk, potential impact on maternal health and long-term health of children should be offered. With appropriate specialist management, the teratogenic risk of conditions such as maternal phenylketonuria (PKU) can be eliminated, and the risk of metabolic decompensation in other disorders of intoxication or energy metabolism significantly reduced. Newer therapies, such as enzyme replacement therapy, appear to be safe in pregnancy, but specific advice should be sought. Multidisciplinary management, and close liaison between obstetricians and other specialists is required for women in whom there is cardiac, renal, respiratory, joint or other organ involvement.
Pink hypopyon in a patient with Serratia marcescens corneal ulceration
Authors: Stefater James A , Borkar Durga S , Chodosh James
Published: March 2015

A 65-year-old woman presented to the emergency ward at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary with 2 days of redness, irritation, photophobia, and diminished vision in her left eye. She was found to have a large central corneal ulcer with a small hypopyon. On the following day, after initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the patient had improved symptoms but now had a 2-mm hypopyon that was distinctly pink in color. Cultures were positive for Serratia marcescens. A pink hypopyon, a rare occurrence, alerted the authors to a causative agent of Enterobacteriacae, either Klebsiella or Serratia. Immediate and intensive treatment was subsequently initiated.
Reconstructing a comprehensive transcriptome assembly of a white-pupal translocated strain of the pest fruit fly Bactrocera cucurbitae
Authors: Sim Sheina B , Calla Bernarda , Hall Brian , DeRego Theodore , Geib Scott M
Published: March 2015

Background

Bactrocera cucurbitae is a serious global agricultural pest. Basic genomic information is lacking for this species, and this would be useful to inform methods of control, damage mitigation, and eradication efforts. Here, we have sequenced, assembled, and annotated a comprehensive transcriptome for a mass-rearing sexing strain of this species. This forms a foundational genomic and transcriptomic resource that can be used to better understand the physiology and biochemistry of this insect as well as being a useful tool for population genetics.

Findings

A transcriptome assembly was constructed containing 17,654 transcript isoforms derived from 10,425 unigenes. This transcriptome size is similar to reports from other Tephritid species and probably includes about 70-80% of the protein-coding genes in the genome. The dataset is publicly available in NCBI and GigaDB as a resource for researchers.

Conclusions

Foundational knowledge on the protein-coding genes in B. cucurbitae will lead to improved resources for this species. Through comparison with a model system such as Drosophila as well as a growing number of related Tephritid transcriptomes, improved strategies can be developed to control this pest
Essential Oil Content in Eremanthus Erythropappus Wood Powder Can Be Estimated Using near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Nascimento Janice Ferreira do , Hein Paulo Ricardo Gherardi , Davide Antônio Claudio , de Melo Lucas Amaral , Trugilho Paulo Fernando
Published: March 2015

Candeia [ Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish], a Brazilian tree species, is being threatened by indiscriminate logging because the essential oil present in its wood has economic importance. The aim of this study was to develop a near infrared spectroscopic model for estimating the essential oil content in E. erythropappus wood to select trees with a high amount of essential oil before harvesting them. Essential oil from 103 wood powders was extracted via hydrodistillation. The values were calculated as the ratio between the mass of essential oil extracted and the oven dry mass of wood, and correlated to the NIR spectra recorded from the wood powders. Statistics associated with the predictive models have demonstrated that NIR has the potential to be a fast and feasible method to replace standard procedures for selecting trees with a high essential oil content. The NIR-based predictions in an independent validation set yielded a high correlation ( r = 0.89) with the laboratory-determined values for essential oil content in E. erythropappus wood. This NIR model can be applied to guide wood managers for selecting high-oil-content trees before harvesting them and for developing sustainable strategies for industrial utilisation of Candeia populations.
Decoding Answers to Four-Choice Questions Using Functional near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Naseer Noman , Hong Keum-Shik
Published: March 2015

This paper presents a functional near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy-based paradigm that can be used to decode answers to four-choice questions. Ten healthy subjects were asked to perform one of the four different brain activities, that is, right-hand motor imagery (RMI), left-hand motor imagery (LMI), mental arithmetic (MA) and mental counting (MC), to answer the given four-choice questions. In selecting the A, B, C or D choices, the subjects were asked to perform RMI, LMI, MA or MC, respectively. Signals from the primary motor and prefrontal cortices were acquired simultaneously using a continuous-wave functional NIR spectroscopy system. The four activities were classified using multiclass linear discriminant analysis to decode the answers to an average accuracy of 73.3% across the 10 subjects. The results demonstrate the potential of functional NIR spectroscopy to decode answers to four-choice questions using four different intentionally generated brain activities as control signals.
Fewer than three percent of land plant species named by women: Author gender over 260 years
Authors: Lindon Heather L. , Gardiner Lauren M. , Brady Abigail , Vorontsova Maria S.
Published: March 2015

How has women's contribution to science developed over multiple generations? We present the first quantitative analysis of the role played by women in publishing botanical species names, and the first complete analysis of women's contribution to a field of science with a timeframe of more than 260 years. The International Plant Names Index and The Plant List were used to analyse the contribution of female authors to the publication of land plant species names. Authors of land plant species were automatically assigned as male or female using Wikipedia articles and manual research. Female authors make up 12.20% of the total number of authors, and they published 2.82% of names. Half of the female authors published 1.5 or more names, while half the male authors published 3 or more names. Female contribution has accounted for more than 1% of new species names since 1900, and now stands at 11.97%. The difference in productivity between male and female authors has declined over time, and female authors are now 80% as productive as their male counterparts. In spite of botany's traditional image as a feminine pursuit, women's contribution was not significantly reflected in species authorship until the twentieth century, around the same time as in other branches of science.
Implantação de salas educativas na estratégia de saúde da família por meio do agente comunitário de saúde como educador em saúde: um relato de experiência
Authors: Lima Marylia Mendes , Carneiro Camila , Ramos Gabriela , Santos Emille Ribeiro , Piva Silvana Gomes Nunes
Published: March 2015

O presente trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de Salas Educativas elaboradas por discentes do curso de Bacharelado em Enfermagem da Universidade do Estado da Bahia, articulando o papel do agente comunitário de saúde como educador e a importância da efetivação da Educação em Saúde. A metodologia utilizada corresponde a um Relato de Experiência, tendo como método de atuação no campo denominado de Pesquisa-Ação. O relato de experiência objetiva explanar os benefícios da educação em saúde, bem como a capacidade da realização de atividades educativas realizadas pelo agente comunitário de saúde (ACS).
Novas perspectivas de desenvolvimento econômico: aspectos da geografia econômica sob a ênfase de tecnologias sociais
Authors: Gasparoni Reilane , Hansen Dean Lee
Published: March 2015

Se se chamar a evolução do marco institucional brasileiro de inovações institucionais, poder-se-ia denominar esse tipo de inovação como o exercício da tecnologia social. Entretanto, esse termo ainda é restrito no Brasil, visto que há, provavelmente, a falta de cultura institucional favorável à introdução do termo de tecnologia social na agenda de pesquisa e formação de recursos humanos. O presente trabalho buscou fazer a introdução dessa temática à luz da geografia econômica como instrumento de desenvolvimento econômico quando conciliado à tecnologia convencional.
Enraizamento e aclimatização de brotos regenerados in vitro de bromélia imperial.
Authors: Coelho Naves Vanessa , Duarte de Oliveira Paiva Patrícia , Paiva Renato , Pasqual Moacir , Ferreira Dutra Leonardo , Vilela Paiva Luciano
Published: March 2015

Uma das fases relevantes do processo de propagação de plantas in vitro é a indução de enraizamento e a aclimatização. A ineficiência desses processos ou falta de protocolos adequados pode inviabilizar todo o processo de micropropagação. Para a propagação in vitro de bromélias, alguns métodos já estão definidos, mas para a bromélia imperial (Alcantarea imperialis), uma Bromeliaceae nativa brasileira ameaçada de extinção, ainda não há um protocolo definido. Objetivou-se avaliar, neste trabalho, o efeito do regulador de crescimento ANA (ácido naftaleno acético), adicionado em diferentes concentrações (0,0; 0,1; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 mg L-1) ao meio de cultura MS, sobre a indução de enraizamento em brotos dessa bromélia já regenerados in vitro. Avaliou-se, ainda, o pegamento de mudas aclimatizadas com e sem raízes. O processo de enraizamento é induzido em todas as brotações quando se adiciona ANA ao meio de cultura. Sugere-se utilizar 0,1 mg L-1 de ANA, pois tal concentração proporciona menor número de brotações secundárias nos brotos a serem climatizados, além de ser mais econômica. A aclimatização ocorre com mais eficiência em mudas enraizadas ao final do processo in vitro.
Diferentes volumes de substrato no desenvolvimento de plantas de cravo-de-defunto (Tagetes patula l.).
Authors: Allan Telles Charles , Costa Mielke Érica , Pereira Machado Marília , Antonio Biasi Luiz
Published: March 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de plantas de cravo-de-defunto (Tagetes patula L.) produzidas em diferentes volumes de substrato. O experimento foi realizado em casa-de-vegetação do Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanitarismo da niversidade Federal do Paraná. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos, quatro repetições e dez plantas por parcela. Os volumes de substrato foram os seguintes: 47, 105, 380 e 1000 cm3. Os efeitos dos tratamentos foram avaliados determinando-se as matérias fresca e seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, altura das plantas, número de botões e número de flores. Constatou-se que o desenvolvimento das plantas foi influenciado pelo volume de substrato. O maior volume de substrato apresentou os melhores resultados para todas as variáveis analisadas, porém o volume de 380 cm3 é o mais recomendado por conferir menor incremento ao custo final da produção, mantendo as características desejáveis para a comercialização.
Potencial Ornamental das Aristoloquiáceas.
Authors: Capellari Júnior Lindolpho
Published: March 2015

Este trabalho visa apresentar o potencial ornamental de algumas espécies do gênero Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae), pois, ao contrário do que se pensa, nem todas as flores desse gênero exalam odor fétido. Além de formar uma bela massa verde, as aristolóquias possuem aspecto floral muito curioso com graciosos frutos em forma de cestas pendentes. Há ainda, muitas espécies a serem descobertas na flora brasileira, mesmo assim, levantamentos florísticos realizados em diversas regiões do Brasil, observam que algumas espécies dessa família foram extintas ou estão em perigo de extinção. Portanto, àquelas já conhecidas pela Botânica, porém desconhecidas por viveiristas, deveriam ser cultivas em praças e jardins.