bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Ethanolic Extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst. on Hbs Red Blood Cells In Vitro
Authors: Cyril-Olutayo CM , Agbedahunsi JM
Published: May 2021

Sickle cell disorder (SCD) is the commonest haemoglobinopathy amongst the people living in sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria has the highest prevalence rate in the world with rates varying between 1.5-3%. Medicinal plants have been used in the treatment of painful crises associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) especially among the lower socio-economic class who cannot afford the high cost of western medicine. Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst. is one of such plants used traditionally in the management of sickle cell anaemia hence the need to prove this claim scientifically. The leaves of C. aconitifolius (CA) were harvested, dried and extracted with different solvents using soxhlet extraction and maceration methods. The ethanolic extract was used for the antisickling, the membrane stability and the antioxidant assays. CA gave an antisickling activity significantly higher than that of Ciklavit®, the positive control (p < 0.05) and gave 96.82 ± 0.009% rate of decrease in polymerization (%RDP) at 4mg/ml. The extract caused a concentration dependent membrane stability of HbS red blood cells in vivo and also showed an increase in free radical scavenging activities as concentration increased..Keywords: Sickle cell Anaemia, Antisickling, Polymerization, Membrane Stability
A Framework for Knowledge Capture in African Traditional Treatment of Malaria
Authors: Awoniran OM , Soriyan HA , Elujoba AA
Published: May 2021

This study developed, implemented and evaluated a framework for the means of knowledge capture in African traditional medicine (ATM) practice. This was with a view to enhancing the preservation of knowledge and hence the continual exploitation of African traditional healing techniques in malaria therapy. The methodology adopted involved knowledge elicitation by means of an interview scheme administered on a number of African traditional medicine practitioners (ATMPs) in Ile-Ife and its environs. The data taken from the practitioners were analyzed using the general architecture for text engineering (GATE) software. The resulting information was structured and the knowledge based system (KBS) was implemented using Javascript and PHP programming language. Sample cases of malaria were posted to the KBS for diagnosis and treatment of malaria disease. Also, fifteen ATMPs were required to provide diagnosis and therapies for the same cases of malaria in groups of five. The output from the KBS and ATMPs were then tested for agreement using Fleiss’ Kappa qualitative analysis. The diagnosis and therapy agreement between the groups of ATMPs and the KBS gave an average kappa-measure of 0.854 which indicates an almost perfect agreement between the KBS and the ATMPs. Therefore, the framework can be said to be complete for knowledge capture of malaria. In conclusion, knowledge in ATM practice could be structured, formalized and implemented as found in this work. This could be useful for capturing, storing and preserving knowledge in the domain of African traditional medicine practice.Keywords: African Traditional Medicine, General Architecture For Text Engineering, Knowledge Based System
Providing Some Pharmacopoeial Standards for Nigerian Allium cepa Var. cepa Linn
Authors: Adelakun AD , Elujoba AA , Ajayi CO
Published: May 2021

The essence of standardization of medicinal plants is to produce herbal medicines with acceptable safety, efficacy, quality and reproducibility. Allium cepa var. cepa L. (Amaryllidaceae) bulbs purchased from Sasha Market, Ibadan, Nigeria during the rainy season was subjected to organoleptic, morphological and physico-chemical experiments. The total ash gave 5.40 ± 0.001%, acid-insoluble ash (0.62 ± 0.0001%), water-soluble extractive (2.30 ± 0.004%), alcohol-soluble extractive (1.14 ± 0.005%) and moisture content (91.1 ± 0.009%). Microscopical evaluation of the bulb showed distinct cell-walls devoid of nucleus while the inner epidermis possessed well delineated cell-walls, transparent cytoplasm containing nucleus but without stomata. Histochemical experiments showed lignified, suberized and cellulosic cell-walls, starch grains, oils, resins, tannins and anthraquinones. The study has provided some data for the pharmacopoeial monograph on Allium cepa var. cepa bulb as a possible antidiabetic agent for inclusion into the 2nd editions of the Nigerian Herbal Pharmacopoeial (NHP) and West African Herbal Pharmacopoeial (WAHP).Keywords: Allium cepa var. cepa, Pharmacopoeial, Standardization, Monograph
Jak badać wysoko wykwalifikowanych migrantów? Praktyczne wskazówki metodologiczne
Authors: Bielska Beata , Kurek-Ochmańska Olga , Łuczaj Kamil
Published: May 2021

How to study highly skilled migrants? Practical methodological guidelines The article presents research experiences from a qualitative project concerning foreign-born academics in Poland, constituting one category of highly skilled migrants. It describes consecutive stages of the research process, problematizing methodological issues such as using the onomastic method and languages other than Polish, as well as not stigmatizing minority groups. In every part we make recommendations about possible decisions in further research projects. Streszczenie Artykuł przedstawia doświadczenia badawcze z projektu jakościowego dotyczącego urodzonych za granicą pracowników akademickich (UZPA) pracujących w Polsce jako jednej z kategorii wysoko wykwalifikowanych migrantów. Omawia kolejne etapy procesu badawczego, problematyzując zagadnienia metodologiczne, takie jak stosowanie metody onomastycznej, wykorzystanie języków innych niż polski, niestygmatyzowanie grup mniejszościowych. W każdej z części formułujemy praktyczne zalecenia dotyczące możliwych dróg postępowania w kolejnych projektach badawczych.
Arithmetical Fourier transforms and Hilbert space: Restoration of the lost legacy
Authors: Feng J.-W , Kanemitsu S , Kuzumaki T
Published: May 2021

In this survey-type paper we show that the seemingly unrelated two fields-Chebyshev-Markov expansion (CME) [On83] and Arithmetical Fourier Transform (AFT) [Che10]-are indeed different looks of one entity, by the plausible missing link-Romanoff-Wintner theory (RWT). RWT generalizes both approaches, CME and AFR, and was developed in [Wi44] and [Ro51a], [Ro51b] which were written independently. These two lost researches are very closely related and effective for producing new number-theoretic identities. Cf. [CKT09] for fragmental restoration of them.
Bounds for d-distinct partitions
Authors: Kang Soon-Yi , Kim Young
Published: May 2021

Euler's identity and the Rogers-Ramanujan identities are perhaps the most famous results in the theory of partitions. According to them, 1-distinct and 2-distinct partitions of n are equinumerous with partitions of n into parts congruent to ±1 modulo 4 and partitions of n into parts congruent to ±1 modulo 5, respectively. Furthermore, their generating functions are modular functions up to multiplication by rational powers of q. For d ≥ 3, however, there is neither the same type of partition identity nor modularity for d-distinct partitions. Instead, there are partition inequalities and mock modularity related with d-distinct partitions. For example, the Alder-Andrews Theorem states that the number of d-distinct partitions of n is greater than or equal to the number of partitions of n into parts which are congruent to ±1 (mod d+3). In this note, we present the recent developments of generalizations and analogs of the Alder-Andrews Theorem and establish asymptotic lower and upper bounds for the d-distinct partitions. Using the asymptotic relations and data obtained from computation, we propose a conjecture on a partition inequality that gives an upper bound for d-distinct partitions. Specifically, for d ≥ 4, the number of d-distinct partitions of n is less than or equal to the number of partitions of n into parts congruent to ±1 (mod m), where m ≤ 2dπ^2 / [3 log^2 (d)+6 log d] .
Media Framing of the Coronavirus in Croatia
Authors: Holy Mirela
Published: May 2021

Media framing is a method through which the media frame news into familiar narratives which correspond to the unconscious layers of our psyche. The media tend to overemphasize certain aspects of events, all the while in a Procrustean fashion ignoring those aspects that do not fit into the selected narrative frame (Kunczik and Zipfel, 1998: 103). Media framing relies on storytelling, and theorists note that master narratives selected from myths, fairy tales and dreams, largely reinforce the manipulative effects of media framing (Kent, 2015). This paper examines how Croatian print media framed the news on the coronavirus in the period between the first introduction of social distancing measures (19 March 2020) and relaxation of the measures (27 April 2020). Preliminary research points to the use of the following master narratives: overcoming the monster, rags to riches, the quest, tragedy as punishment for egoism and arrogance, rebirth. In addition, prominent members of the National Crisis Headquarters were framed within the hero archetype. The use of these master narratives in media framing of the corona crisis during the so-called first wave of the epidemic, clearly indicates the intention of propaganda and manipulation.
EXAMINATION OF ANXIETY LEVELS AND STRESS COPING STYLES DURING EARLY STAGE OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: TARSUSLU Bedia , KAYA Hava , ÖNER Özge
Published: May 2021

Objective: It is aimed to examine the anxiety levels and stress coping styles of individuals in the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 503 individuals, from 24 March to 25 April 2020. Data were collected online using Personal Information Form, State-Trait Anxiety Scale (STAI) and Stress Coping Styles Scale (SCSS). Descriptive and parametric tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Of the participants 72.4% were women and 56.9% were between the ages of 18-28. In the early period of COVID-19, 30.2% of the participants stated that they felt depressive and 30.4% felt anxious emotions. In addition, 57.7% of the participants went out of the house to shop. While the STAI mean scores of women were significantly higher than men, the SCSS Self-Confident approach and Optimistic approach subscale scores were found to be significantly lower. As there was a negative relationship between STAI and the Self-confident approach, Optimistic approach and Seeking social support subscales of SCSS, it was found that there was a positive relationship between the Desperate approach and Submissive approach subscales. Conclusion: It can be said that individuals experience depressive and anxious emotions, women experience more anxiety, and men use self-confident and optimistic approach-type coping styles more than women. In addition, in case of an epidemic, it was observed that individuals use desperate and submissive coping styles as their anxiety levels increase.
OPINIONS OF MIDWIFERY STUDENTS, PUERPERANT AND COMPANIONS ABOUT THE MALE MIDWIFE
Authors: İÇKE Sibel , BALÇIK ÇOLAK Melek
Published: May 2021

Introduction and aim: The midwifery profession is generally known as a profession that women choose and perform. In our study, it was aimed to evaluate the opinions of the students studying in the midwifery department, and the puerperant and companions in the obstetrics. Method: It’s a cross-sectional analytical study. The data were collected through forms prepared by the researchers. The universe of the study consisted of Midwifery Department students studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences of a state university, and all women who gave birth in two separate state hospitals and their attendants. The sample of the study consisted of 221 students, 72 puerperant and 72 companions who agreed to participate in the study with the improbable sampling method between December, 2019 and February, 2020 and met the inclusion criteria. In the analysis of the research data, number and percentage distributions were taken, chi-square test and one-way ANOVA analysis were performed. Results: 85.1% of the students stated that the lack of male recruitment had no effect on their choice of midwifery, 48.4% stated that they wanted to work with the male midwife in their professional lives, 46.6% stated that men could contribute to the strengthening of the profession. 47.2% of the puerperant states that midwifery is a woman's profession, 44.4% of them do not approve of men being a midwife profession, 59.4% of those who do not agree do not want male midwives because of their embarrassment. 58.3% of the companions stated that they approve of male midwives to be in the profession and 52.8% stated that they would not be disturbed in terms of the care given by the male midwife to their puerperants by the male midwife. Conclusions and recommendations: It’s determined that the inclusion of males in the midwifery profession is better welcomed by students and companions; puerperants have reservations. Efforts should be made to eliminate the gender gap in providing healthcare services.
EVALUATION OF A COVID-19 PATIENT ACCORDING TO MERLEY MISHEL'S UNCERTAINTY IN DISEASE THEORY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: GERESİNLİ Derya , AKYOL Asiye
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 epidemic, which the World Health Organization regards as a "pandemic", continues to be perceived as a threat to survive for many people living in different parts of the world. The virus is a global epidemic; It affects everyone's lives negatively regardless of religion, language, race, gender, socioeconomic and sociocultural differences. Facing with a threat that develops suddenly, changes daily habits and can result in death is not a common situation for people, and the perception of threat and uncertainty it creates makes it difficult to cope with the situation. Uncertainty is an important part of the illness experience, and our response to uncertainty can significantly affect our illness outcomes. Mishel's Uncertainty Theory in Illness helps to find meaning in uncertainty again and to develop healthy coping mechanisms. The role of nurses in the management of uncertainty regarding illness; to facilitate the process and to adapt the patient to healthy reactions. In this case report; Within the scope of the Uncertainty in Illness Theory of Mishel, a 39-year-old nurse who was diagnosed with Covid 19 was planned to find a meaning in the disease again by planning the care process. It was stated that the theory can be applied in the acute illness as well as in the chronic illness.
DETERMINATION OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LOW BACK PAIN IN A POPULATION OF CLEANING WORKERS
Authors: YEŞİLTEPE Akgün , EŞER Ayşe B
Published: May 2021

Objective: The aim of this research was conducted determination of factors associated with low back pain in a population of cleaning workers. Methods: The research was carried out in the cleaning workers of İzmir Konak Municipality, without reaching any sampling method, and was applied to 318 workers who agreed to work. The data were collected between February and March 2014. Introductory information form, Oswestry functional disability form and Visual analog scale (VAS) were applied to each worker. Results: In this study, according to the result of Spearman Correlation analysis, it is seen that there is a significant and positive relationship between the oswestry functional disability form and VAS. As a result of Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis analysis; economic status, rolling weight lifting and carrying, leaning weight lifting and alcohol consumption were found to be risk factors for low back pain. Conclusion: Low back pain has become a global public health problem for cleaners. For workers, their health deterioration has become an economic loss. For this reason, the occupational health doctor and the occupational health nurse should make screenings to protect and improve the waist health of the employees; It should carry out studies consisting of health education, educational programs and information in a multidisciplinary approach.
PATIENT SATISFACTION WITH HEALTHCARE SERVICES: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: ORHAN Sibel , GÜMÜŞ Muhammet , KIZILKAYA Emine , EYLAN Ayşenur C
Published: May 2021

As healthcare systems move from pay-per-service to alternative payment models and consumers gain access to more healthcare options, patient satisfaction becomes increasingly important to the financial performance of healthcare providers and to patient health. In this context, patient satisfaction is a complex structure. A critical review of articles published in the Quality Management Journal (QMJ) on patient satisfaction is included to assist researchers and general practitioners. Researchers use the basic holistic quality framework as a preliminary step to evaluate the contributions and shortcomings of studies. In previous studies, it was concluded that the QMJ research focused on patient satisfaction from the perspective of the healthcare delivery system. However, the following criteria are less frequently mentioned: First; to understand patients' perceptions of their experiences and how these perceptions affect satisfaction and perceived quality. The second one is; to determine the expectations of the patients regarding what features should be provided during healthcare services. In this study, first of all, studies in the literature on the subject have been reached, and the findings of the research have been compiled and made into a report. The details of the studies carried out for patient satisfaction measurements and quality practices are tabulated. In this table created for the study, the name of the study, the names of the authors, the type of the study, the problem of the study, the number of participants in the study, the purpose of the study, the analyzes made in the study, where the study was applied, the findings obtained from the study and the results to be obtained from the study are included. As a result, widely used satisfaction measures, including consumer evaluation surveys of healthcare providers and healthcare systems, have fallen short. The study review is expected to guide researchers in developing further research agendas to understand patient satisfaction.
RAT COCHLEA CONTINUES TO DEVELOP AFTER BIRTH
Authors: BALCIOĞLU Esra , ÖNDER Gözde Özge , YALÇIN Betül , BİLGİCİ Pınar , ÜLGER Menekşe , YAY Arzu , İSARİ Mehtap N , SOMDAŞ Mehmet Akif
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The ear, originates from the ectoderm, exhibits a complex structure that differs from species to species in terms of development. Objectives: This study was conducted to describe the prenatal and postnatal development process of the organ of Corti in the iner ear using light microscopy. Methods: In this study, Wistar Albino rats were used. The rats were divided into two groups as prenatal and postnatal groups. Prenatal groups consisting of embryos on day 17, 19, 21 and postnatal groups consisting of pups on days 1, 5, 10 and 15. The rats were sacrificed to investigate the cochleas by light microscopy. Results: The lumen of the cochlear tunnel was lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelia throughout the prenatal period. The cochlear tunnel was not divided into scala media, scala tympani and scala vestibuli in the embryonic sections. Organ of corti hasn’t taken its final form until postnatal day 15. Conclusion: In rats, formation of organ of Corti is completed in postnatal 15 day. Pups of rats are not able to hear in the embronic and early postnatal life.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DE FRANÇOIS LAURENT ÀS DOUTRINAS DE DIREITO INTERNACIONAL PRIVADO DO SÉCULO XIX NATUREZA E FONTES DO DIREITO INTERNACIONAL PRIVADO
Authors: Bruyère Elisabeth
Published: May 2021

No auge de sua carreira, o jurisconsulto, historiador e filantropo François Laurent escreveu uma enorme obra de oito volumes com o objetivo de fornecer uma resposta à questão do conflito de leis. Ao fazer isso, ele deseja inspirar diplomatas e legisladores. Como membro do Instituto de Direito Internacional, ele se correspondeu com muitos jurisconsultos europeus, incluindo Pasquale Stanislao Mancini e Johann Caspar Bluntschli. Com sua teoria personalista entre universalismo e nacionalismo, François Laurent oferece um poderoso testemunho da persistência da lei da natureza no final do século XIX.
HUBUNGAN DISIPLIN KELUARGA KRISTEN DENGAN TINGKAH LAKU ANAK USIA 9-12 TAHUN GEREJA BNBKP GLORIA DESA URBAN AEK MUARA PINANG SIBOLGA SELATAN 2017 .
Authors: Halawa Murnibudi Arti
Published: May 2021

Abstract, This research aims to know the relationship of christian families with the behavior of children aged 9-12 years in the church BNKP Gloria urban village Aek Muara Pinang Sibolga South 2017. Research hypothesis is there is a positive relationship between the discipline of the christian family with the behavior of children ages 9-12 year in the church BNKP Gloria urban Aek Muara Pinang Sibolga South 2017. This research is a correlational research using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The population is all children aged 9-12 years in church BNKP Gloria amounted to 36 people. The sample is the entire population, thus this study is a population study. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. Result of analysis value rxy = 0, 523 rtable = 0, 329 and t count = 3, 578 t table = 2,042 show Ho rejected and Ha accepted that there is a positive relationship between family discipline of christen with behaviorof child age 9-12 year. This study concluded that the discipline of christian families has a relationship with the behaviour of children aged 9-12 years. In connection with the results of this study, the authors provide input for the observers, especially “Christian Parents” to improve family discipline so that the behavior of children aged 9-12 years can be built. Keywords: Christian family discipline, Children’s behavior
PENGARUH METODE ROLE PLAYING TERHADAP MINAT ANAK MENGIKUTI IBADAH SEKOLAH MINGGU USIA 8-12 TAHUN DI HURIA KRISTEN BATAK PROTESTAN PEANAJAGAR RESSORT PEANAJAGAR TARUTUNG TAHUN 2017
Authors: Simangunsong Noverina
Published: May 2021

Abstract, The purpose of this study was to determine the positive and significant effect of role playing method or role play against the interest of children following the Sunday school worship age 8-12 years in Huria Kristen Batak Protestan Peanajagar Ressort Peanajagar Tarutung. This research uses descriptive and inferential quantitative method. The population is all school children weeks of age 8-12 years inHuria Kristen Batak Protestan Peanajagar Ressort Peanajagar Tarutungwhich amounted to 121 people and the sample set 36 people By using random sampling technique. The data were collected with a closed questionnaire of 30 items. The results of data analysis showed that there is a positive and significant influence of role playing method on the interest of children following the Sunday school worship at the age of 8-12 years inHuria Kristen Batak Protestan Peanajagar Ressort Peanajagar Tarutungevidenced by the analysis of data as follows: 1) Test requirements analysis: a) test positive relationships obtained value rxy = 0.351 rtabel ( = 0,05, n = 36) = 0.329 Thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variables X with the variable Y. b) Test a significant relationship obtained value t count = 2.044 ttable ( = 0,05, dk = n-2 = 34) = 2.042 thus there is a significant relationship between variables X with variable Y. 2) Test influence: a) Test the regression equation, obtained by regression equation. b) Test of regression coefficient of determination (r2) = 12%. 3) Hypothesis test using F test obtained Fcount Ftable is 6.678 1.62 thus H0 rejected and Ha accepted. Keywords: Role Playing Method, Child's Interest Following Sunday School Worship
LEARNING MOTIVATION CHRISTIAN RELIGION EDUCATION STUDENT
Authors: Sitompul Erlinda
Published: May 2021

vAbstract, This study aims to determine whether or not the Influence of Parent Communication on theMotivation of Learning Christian Education in Class IX Students of SMP N 1 Pangaribuan, with thehypothesis there is a positive and significant influence between Parent Communication on theMotivation of Learning Christian Religion Education Class IX Students of SMP N 1 Pangaribuan,Tapanuli North of Learning Year 2018/2019.This research uses inferential quantitative descriptive approach, with a population of all IX gradestudents of SMP 1 Pangaribuan, totaling 193 people with a sample are 44 people. Data was collectedby a closed questionnaire of 36 items compiled by the author based on variable indicators accordingto expert theory. The questionnaire trial was conducted on 30 students who were not researchrespondents, and validity and reliability were tested. The results of data analysis indicate that there isa positive and significant influence between Parent Communication on the Motivation of LearningChristian Religion Education in Class IX SMP N 1Pangaribuan North Tapanuli Regency 2018/2019Learning Year with a coefficient of determination (r2 ) = 35.88% and significant influence testobtained F-count F-table (22.97 4.07), meaning that Ho is rejected and Ha is acceptedKeywords: Parent Communication, Motivation to Learn Christian Religion Education
Persepsi Pemuda Tentang Pola Pelayanan Penatua Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Beribadah di GKPI Sigompulon Pahae Julu Tahun 2019
Authors: Sitompul Loriani Juniati
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine youth perceptions about the pattern of elder services in increasing motivation to worship young GKPI Sigompulon Pahae Julu. The hypothesis of this research is the Youth Perception of Elder Service Patterns in Improving Worship Motivation at GKPI Sigompulon Pahae Julu 75% than expected, with a research population of 40 people. Data was collected using a closed questionnaire, with a total of 26 items compiled based on indicators and validity and reliability tested. The results of the data analysis show that the Youth Perceptions of Elder Service Patterns in Improving Worship Motivation at GKPI Sigompulon Pahae Julu 75% than expected, this is evidenced by the results of the analysis of both 81.55% and tcount ttable of 5.521 1.684, thus Ho rejected and Ha acceptedKeywords: Elder Service Pattern, Worship Motivation
“ANALISIS PELAYANAN FUNGSI PENDAMPINGAN PASTORAL DI GKPPD LIANG JERING RESORT ACEH TENGGARA TAHUN 2019”
Authors: Sinamo Arjun
Published: May 2021

Abstrak - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan  pelaksanaan pendampingan pastoral dan hambatan serta menganalisis 5 (lima) fungsi  pendampingan pastoral di jemaat GKPPD Liang Jering. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara atau inteview. Adapun wawancara yang dilakukan, bertujuan untuk mengetahui hal-hal sebagai berikut:Mendeskripsikan proses bagaimana teknik-teknik pelayanan pastoral berjalan di jemaat GKPPD Liang JeringMengidentifikasi penyebab kurangnya pelaksanaan penerapan fungsi pendampingan pastoral dan menganalisis efektivitas pelayanan pastoral di GKPPD Liang JeringSumber data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah Pendeta, Guru Kuria, Sekretaris Kuria, dan Bendahara Kuria. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa fungsi pendampingan pastoral masih sangat kurang dilakukan oleh pelayan di jemaat GKPPD Liang Jering. Kurangnya pelaksanaan pendampingan di jemaat GKPPD Liang Jering ini karena pendeta yang berstatus PNS dan tidak tinggal di Liang Jering dan kurangnya pengetahuan tentang pastoral terhadap pengendeng kuria. Hal ini dilihat dari hasil wawancara kepada pendeta dan pengendeng kuria, serta observasi di gereja GKPPD Liang Jering Resort Aceh Tenggara. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendampingan pastoral adalah hal yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh jemaat GKPPD Liang  Jering, tetapi karena adanya hambatan dan keterbatasan waktu sehingga pelaksanaan pendampingan pastoral tidak terlaksana dengan baik. Menurut penulis dari 5 (lima) fungsi pendampingan pastoral, ada hanya ada satu fungsi yang dilaksanakan di jemaat GKPPD Liang Jering Resort Aceh Tenggara yaitu fungsi mendukung.Kata Kunci : Pendampingan Pastoral, Fungsi Pendampingan Pastoral
Pengembangan Naskah Drama Materi Menjadi Berkat Bagi Sesama Dalam Menumbuhkan Sikap Berbagi
Authors: Tamba Sartika S
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop drama scripts in Menjadi Berkat Bagi Sesama in developing attitudes in fostering sharing in grade 5 students through Christian religion education. Sample is 61 teachers PAK IN Kec. Tarutung and Kec. Sipoholon, where 31 teachers as research and 30 teachers for instrument test. This research using development research with procedure model ADDIE which was developed Dick Carry, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Based on the research it was concluded that the drama script is very necessary as a learning medium by PAK teachers when teaching material  Menjadi Berkat Bagi Sesama in fostering shared attitudes for students.
PENGARUH VARIASI PENGAJARAN PAK TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 2 BALIGE TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Ritonga Sari Arta
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of Christian Religion Education teaching variations on students’ learning outcomes of Class VIII of SMP Negeri 2 Balige Academic Year 2019/2020, with the hypothesis that there is a positive and significant influence on Christian Religion Education teaching variations on students’ learning outcomes of class VIII of SMP Negeri 2 Balige Academic Year 2019/2020.               This study uses inferential quantitative descriptive approach, with a population of all Protestant Christian students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 2 Balige, totaling 221 people with a sample of 60 people. Data were collected with a closed questionnaire of 20 items and a test of 20 items compiled by the author based on variable indicators according to expert theory.                The research instrument trials were conducted on 30 students who were not research respondents, and its validity and reliability were tested. The results of the data analysis showed that there was a positive and significant influence on Christian Religion Education teaching variations on students’ learning outcomes of class VIII of SMP Negeri 2 Balige Academic Year 2019/2020 with a coefficient of determination (r²) = 25.90% and a significance test of influence obtained tcoun ttable =  6.097 2,000 , meaning that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Keywords: Christian Religion Education teaching variations, Learning Outcomes.
Peningkatan Keaktifan dalam Ibadah Melalui Metode Fish Bowl Di Kalangan Remaja Jemaat Gandangbatu, Tana Toraja
Authors: Upa' Febriani
Published: May 2021

This study is an attempt to investigate the application of the fish bowl method in adolescent worship in the Toraja church, Gandang Batu congregation, South Sulawesi. This research uses a qualitative approach through literature study, observation and interviews (field research). The results showed that through the fish bowl method, the worshipers built intimacy with other teenagers. The character who used to be quiet and tended to close himself became an active and open child. Through this method they are taught to build cooperation, respect each other, accept others, motivate each other so as to create fun learning together. In addition, it is based on the admission from teenagers that they are more interested when the fish bowl method is used than the storytelling method. Through this method, each member is given the same opportunity to express their opinions and thoughts.
Pengaruh Lingkungan Keluarga Kristen Terhadap Perkembangan Moral Anak
Authors: Hutajulu Anastesya Anggelika
Published: May 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh lingkungan keluarga Kristen terhadap perkembangan  moral anak usia 10-12 tahun di HKBP Partalitoruan Resort Hutabarat tahun 2020. Penelitian ini regresi dengan teknik Statistik Deskriptif. Populasi seluruh anak usia 10-12 tahun di HKBP Partalitoruan Resort Hutabarat tahun 2020 yaitu 40 orang. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh populasi. Instrumen penelitian angket tertutup. Nilai rhitung=0,708 rtabel=0,312 dan thitung=6,180 ttabel=2,021 menunjukkan adanya hubungan lingkungan keluarga Kristen dengan perkembangan moral anak dan persamaan regresi . Diperoleh Fhitung=38,038Ftabel=1,51 maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima yaitu terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara lingkungan keluarga Kristen terhadap perkembangan moral anak usia 10-12 tahun di HKBP Partalitoruan Resort Hutabarat tahun 2020 sebesar 50,12%.Kata Kunci:  lingkungan keluarga kristen, perkembangan moral anak. AbstractThe aim of study was to determine the effect of the Christian family environment on children  moral development of aged 10-12 years at HKBP Partalitoruan Resort Hutabarat in 2020. This study used regression with descriptive statistical techniques. The population were 40 participants, all children who aged 10-12 years at HKBP Partalitoruan Resort Hutabarat in 2020. The research sample was the entire population. The study used closed questionnaire as research instrument. The statistic calculation showed that value of rcount was greater than ttable  (0.708 0.312)  and tcount was higher than ttable (6.180 2.021) indicated that there was a relationship between the Christian family environment and children moral development. The regression equation was obtained that value of Fcount  was greater than Ftable  (38.038 1.51) then H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. It means there was a positive and significant effect between the Christian family environment on children moral development of aged 10-12 years at HKBP Partalitoruan Resort Hutabarat in 2020. The effect was to 50.12%.Keywords: Christian Family Environment, Children Moral Development.
Kajian Syair dan Bentuk Struktur Lagu Kekuatan Serta Penghiburan Pada Prodi PMG IAKN Tarutung
Authors: Situmeang Mona Wenni
Published: May 2021

AbstrakKajian syair dan bentuk struktur lagu No. 332 Kekuatan Serta Penghiburan pada prodi PMG IAKN tarutung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui lebih banyak mengenai pengembangan kajian yang terdapat dalam lagu kekuatan serta penghiburan dan mengetahui bentu-bentuk dan struktur lagu yang di teliti. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian pustaka dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Adapun proses kerja yang dilakukan yaitu pengamatan, wawancara, dokumentasi, studi pustaka (online) dan analisis. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan informasi melalui penelitian di lapangan untuk memproleh hasil yang diolah menjadi data pasti. Dalam hal ini untuk pengembangan dalam bernyanyi dan memainkan organ. Dalam aspek musikologi, penulis mengambil salah satu lagu yang di nyanyikan oleh jemaat dalam ibadah yaitu lagu kekuatan serta penghiburan dengan nada dasar es=do, birama 4/4 tempo andante, (Mm 69) dan perubahan moderato (Mm80).lagu tersebut ditulis lagi dengan not balok kemudian di analisis dengan melihat aspe-aspek musik yaitu : melodi, tangga nada, ambitus, frase, motif, tempo, dan gaya vocal.Kata kunci : Kerajaan Allah, Kebenaran dan Pemeliharaan. Abstract The purpose of this study is to find out more about the development of studies that are in the song of strength and consolation and to know the forms and structures of the songs under study. This research uses literature review method with a qualitative approach. The work process carried out is observation, interview, documentation, literature study (online) and analysis. The Research Was Conducted By Gathering Information Through Field Research To Get Results That Are Processed Into Certain Data. In This Case For Development In Singing And Playing The Organ. In the aspect of musicology, the author of one of the songs sung by the congregation in worship is the song of strength and consolation with the basic tone of Es = Do, Birama 4/4 Tempo Andante, (Mm 69) and Moderato Changes (Mm80). The notes are then analyzed by looking at musical aspects, namely: melody, scale, ambitus, phrases, motifs, tempo, and vocal style.Keywords: Poetry study, form, song structure
Sikap Waspada Terhadap Ketamakan Akan Kekayaan (Lukas 12:13-21)
Authors: Imeldawati Tiur , Tarigan Iwan Setiawan , Sihombing Warseto Freddy
Published: May 2021

AbstrakKetamakan akan kekayaandapat dimiliki oleh siapa saja, termasuk oleh orang percaya. Ketamakan dapat mengalihkan fokus orang percaya kepada hal-hal yang bersifat duniawi seperti mencari banyak harta dan menghalalkan segala cara untuk menjadi kaya. Dalam Injil Lukas, Yesus dengan jelas memberikan peringatan akan bahaya ketamakan yang dapat menjerumuskan orang ke dalam kebinasaan. Alkitab tidak melarang orang percaya menjadi kaya—kaya di hadapan Allah, itulah yang dikehendaki-Nya. Kekayaan adalah titipan yang diberikan Tuhan kepada umat-Nya. Perumpamaan yang Yesus mengajarkan bagaimana mengelola kekayaan untuk kemuliaan Allah,yang jauh lebih berkenan dari pada sekedar mengumpulkan kekayaan dan menikmatinya sendirian.Kata kunci : Ketamakan, mengumpulkan harta, kaya di hadapan Allah Abstract Greed for wealth can be owned by anyone, including Christians. But, greed can shift Christians’ focus to worldly things, like finding a lot of wealth and justifying any means to be rich. In Luke's Gospel, Jesus asserts against the dangers of greed can lead people to God’s destruction. The Bible does not forbid believers to be rich — rich before God, what He wills. Wealth is a gift God has given to His people. Jesus’ parable taught how to manage wealth for glory of God, is more pleasurable than accumulating wealth and enjoying it alone.Keywords: greedy, collect treasure, rich before God
FILM “TANDA TANYA” SEBAGAI PRODUK BUDAYA POPULER DAN PERANNYA DALAM KONTEKS PLURALISME AGAMA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Kalay Nelson Semol
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article I would like to discuss about one of the popular cultures that is a film entitled “Tanda Tanya” (Question Mark) by focusing on its narrative. The film was produced by Indonesian producer to provoke religious pluralism, but at the end the film raised a series of controversies by the public due to the issue it brings. I herewith want to see how we understand the film as a product of popular culture and understanding the story based on the theological concept of religious pluralism. Finally, I will see how such a film gives a contribution for Indonesian Religious Plurality.Keywords: Tanda Tanya, religious plurality
PENGARUH MODEL MENGAJAR GURU PAK YANG BERVARIASI TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 1 SIBORONGBORONG TP. 2017/2018
Authors: Napitupulu Tianggur Medi
Published: May 2021

AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variasi mengajar dengan minat belajar. Dari hasil disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara variasi mengajar dengan minat yaitu 2,59 lebih besar dari 2,021. Dari hasil uji signifikansi pengaruh dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesa penelitian diterima yaitu terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara model mengajar yang bervariasi dengan minat belajar PAK.Kata Kunci: Model Mengajar Guru PAK Yang Bervariasi, Minat Belajar Siswa.
PREACHING GOSPEL TO ALL CREATURES (An Ecological - Theological Description)
Authors: Gea Ibelala
Published: May 2021

AbstrakArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil penelitian tentang bagaimana memberitakan Injil kepada seluruh makhluk, bertolak dari Markus 16:15-16. Pemberitaan Injil adalah menyadarkan manusia agar tidak hanya memandang alam sebagai kekuasaan (dominio) tetapi sebagai sesama ciptaan, sahabat yang bersifat communio. Memberitakan Injil kepada seluruh makhluk dan menghargai segala makhluk dengan saling memberi dan menerima dengan mengacu pada pola-pola reduce, reuse, recycle dan replace sebagai tanggung jawab kepada Tuhan yang telah memberi amanat.Kata Kunci: Injil dan Segala makhlukAbstractThis article aims to describe the results of research on how to preach the gospel to all beings, based on Mark 16:15-16. Preaching the gospel is a great commission from the Lord Jesus to His followers after His resurrection from the dead. The world is the address of the gospel preaching, not only to man but to all beings.The Gospel writer of Mark wants to explain that the world is synonymous with evil, therefore the gospel serves to salt the evil world, so when Iniil is preached to the wicked, it is expected to change the mindset and human behavior.Greedy and greedy human behavior that only views nature as a commodity.Human evil is seen when only the task of exploiting natural resources and forget the responsibility of caring for, nurturing nature and the environment. Gospel preaching aims to awaken peoples not only to view nature as power (dominio) but as a fellow of creatures, and friends(communio).Preach the gospel to all beings and receiving each other with referring to reduce, reuse, recycle andreplace as a responsibility to God who has given the mandate for us.Keywords: gospel and All Creaturess.
HUBUNGAN POLA ASUH ORANGTUA DENGAN KARAKTER SISWA
Authors: Pasaribu Andar Gunawana
Published: May 2021

AbstrakTujuan penelitian untuk memperoleh gambaran Pola Asuh Orang Tua dengan karakter siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif korelasional purposive sampling (non random). Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket tertutup dengan 727 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Pola Asuh Orang Tua, karakter dengan Kristiani siswa berada pada kategori sedang. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara Pola Asuh Orang Tua dengan karakter Kristiani siswa Kelas VIII SMP Se Kabupatern Tapanuli Utara Tahun 2018. Sumbangan Efektif yang didapatkan adalah 38, 1%.Kata kunci: Pola Asuh Orang Tua, Karakter KristianiAbstractThe research aims: (1) to find out a description Patering Pattern and with character christian students’, and (2) to know a significant correlation together with Patering and students’ character Christian class VIII at SMP Se Kabupatern Tapanuli Utara. The research used a quantitative descriptive correlational and data were collected by using closed questionnaire with 727 second class students as respondents. The findings indicate that: (1) The Relationship Patering Pattern and with character christian students’, were moderate category, and (2) there was a significant impact between, Patering with character christian students’, class VIII SMP se Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara years 2018 is 38,1 %.Keywords: Relationship, patering pattern, character christian.
KEDUDUKAN PEREMPUAN DALAM IBADAH (Studi Kitab 1 Timotius 2:11-12)
Authors: Limbong Nurelni
Published: May 2021

Abstrac The aim of this research is to dscribe concept of the position of women in the worship according to 1 Thimothy 2:11-12 and to formulated what can be reflected in this time? Is the interpretation of this chapter still relevant in the midst of contemporary life? This research is used by descriptive qualitative research methods with using literature (library research). The interpretation that is use in this research is exegesis method with the right step to get the right interpretation. With the literature that have a relation with the title, the writer try to review 1 Thimothy 2:11-12 to get the clear meaning, point out view that was said by the writer of this hook about the position of women in the worship. In this chapter Paul said a women can't teach and she is better keep silence. Paul said these case have a corelation with the patriarch culture at the time. Paul aim to prevent women from teacher heretical at the time. This teaching is actually addressed to the woman who was involved in the heresy/ false, who have abuse the ercercise of power that is true in the church. So Paul said that such matter is not to be understood universally. From this research or exegesis the writer conclude that the woman also be used in God's work, a woman also can be a servant of God because nor only man can serve God woman also called to do the same thing. Proper or not is not about gender. Because man or women are same in the presence of God So. it's not true when this chapter be a reason to limiting the space of woman in the service both in the church and in the family and society. Key words: the position of women, worship
SALIB KRISTUS SEBAGAI SIMBOL KEKERASAN UMAT YAHUDI (Studi Teologis Matius 26:1-5 Diperhadapkan dengan Kondisi Indonesia Masa Kini)
Authors: Gea Ibelala
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe research in this article aims to explain that theologically, the crucifixion of Christ as a symbol of the violence of the Jews hide behind the Roman law, and confronted with the condition of present-day Indonesia.To explain the violence that comes from Matthew 26: 1-5 as a basis for the discussions were enriched by a number of violence-related references.The results showed that violence as the imposition of the will to achieve the goals, whether individuals, groups and institutions.Violence tangible crucifixion of Jesus was hiding behind the guise of religious Jews, laden with engineering, which is the real Jesus was not guilty of what is charged to him.The Roman government represented Pilate dare not uphold justice, it can be called that trial and the verdict against Jesus is gray as a result of a compromise and government conspiracy with the leader of the majority religion, the Jewish religion.Violence in Indonesia, including violence against women, children and political violence as a sign of not respecting others.Lodging in the political violence, often triggered by the politicization of religion as a vehicle to achieve the goal by mobilizing the number of people that fanaticism and radicalism.Any violence is not in accordance with the will of God who loves the whole humanKeywords: Cross of Christ And Violence of Jewish People
ISRAEL BARU (Interpretasi Kritis atas Teologi Paulus tentang Israel di dalam Roma 9:6-8 dan 11:23-24)
Authors: Sipahutar Roy Charly H. P.
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper is an attempt to critically interpret the text of Romans 9: 6-8 and 11:23-24 which was born because of Paul's struggle with what happened in the Christian community of Rome. Israel is God's covenant people, but on the other hand they have also expressed rejection of the salvation brought by Jesus Christ. The status of the covenant people is being questioned by non-Jews, is it still valid? Paul explained that "God's Word cannot fail," meaning that Israel's status as a chosen people does not fade away. But Israel's refusal at the same time gave space to other nations to be part of that publicity. God who chooses a nation, God also allows the transplanting of other nations to be part of His people.Key Words: Israel, New Israel, Christianity, Romans 9: 6-8 and 11: 23-24
Effects of astaxanthin produced by Paracoccus haeundaensis on growth and body color in Epinephelus akaara
Authors: Song Ji Hoon , Cho Youn Su , Park Jung Yeol , Kim Gun Do , Lim Han Kyu
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine whether marine microorganism-derived astaxanthin has effects on coloration improvement and growth of the Hong Kong grouper (Epinephelus akaara). Juvenile and immature E. akaara were fed diets comprised of a mixture of commercial feed and biosynthetic astaxanthin obtained from Paracoccus haeundaensis to analyze changes in their growth and body color. Color variances in the skin and muscle were measured using spectrophotometry. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the astaxanthin content in the muscle and skin, and to determine the amount of astaxanthin accumulated in the body. Astaxanthin did not affect growth but affected red coloration of the skin in both juvenile and immature E. akaara. Furthermore, the astaxanthin content in the muscle and skin of immature fish consistently increased as the concentration of astaxanthin supplemented in the feed increased. In conclusion, astaxanthin derived from the marine microorganism Paracoccus haeundaensis was effective in improving the coloration of both juvenile and immature E. akaara. Therefore, it is considered a feasible feed additive that improves the coloration of fish and increase the aquaculture business’s income.