bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Эллиптический биллиард в поле потенциальных сил: классификация движений, топологический анализ
Authors: Kobtsev Ivan Fedorovich
Published: June 2020

Рассматривается абсолютно упругий биллиард в эллипсе $\frac{x^2}{a}+\frac{y^2}{b}=1$, $a>b>0$, с потенциалом $\frac{k}{2}(x^2+y^2)+\frac{\alpha}{2x^2}+\frac{\beta}{2y^2}$, $a \geqslant 0$, $\beta \geqslant 0$. Эта динамическая система является интегрируемой и имеет две степени свободы. В статье получены изоэнергетические инварианты грубой и тонкой лиувиллевой эквивалентности, а также проведен сравнительный анализ других систем, известных из механики твердого тела. Для получения результатов применен метод разделения переменных и построен новый способ, эквивалентный бифуркационной диаграмме, но не требующий ее прямого построения.
Библиография: 17 названий.
The Moving Image as a Panacea for Concise Analysis and Means of Ensuring Good Governance and Ameliorating Youth Restiveness in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Ikiroma-Owiye Jariel Somieari
Published: June 2020

The world is plagued with plethora of social issues generated from the complexity of modern existence. The control of sources of raw materials, exploitation, production, and trade has polarised our world. This paper looked at the Niger Delta situation from an audio-visual angle as reflected in the film ‘Krakraye’ by Gentle Jack. The Niger Delta region and her people have been neglected in terms of developmental needs in the Nigerian state, hence, the youths resort to self-identification and resource control which is the problem being stated. The aim of this paper is to present this issue bare in an audio-visual manner. The objectives are to concisely chronicle the real situation from the emergence of the military in the Nigerian scene to the present. Theoretical framework was the analytical approach to cultural studies, while the research methodology would entail the qualitative approach enmeshed with visual impressions, still photographs from the film ‘Krakraye’, and from other graphic and audio-visual sources. Findings of this study show that it is deliberate to underdevelop the Niger Delta region, keep the people poor so they will be loyal and could easily be overcome by the majority tribes, Hausa, Yoruba and Igbo who have never spoken against injustice meted to the Niger Delta communities. Contributions to knowledge is that visual presentation has shown the true plight of the Niger Delta people in visual images. Recommendations are that a naturally endowed, rich industrial environment should not be neglected for peace and development to thrive; stealing of the people’s commonwealth brings about capital flight as those in government are afraid to show their wealth in Nigeria rather, they launder and invest these monies abroad. This paper critically assessed the reach of film in exposing social anomaly as the case of the Niger Delta people, allegorically.

Key Words: Film, Niger Delta, youth, democracy, development
Feminism in Africa and African Women’s Writing
Authors: Nutsukpo Margaret Fafa
Published: June 2020

Feminism developed out of the discontents of women in the West. Although African women, over the ages, have always been sensitive to all forms of discrimination within the African society, the emergence of feminism and feminist consciousness-raising awakened in them a new awareness of their oppression through the inequalities in society, reinforced by patriarchal tradition and culture. Many African women have aligned themselves with feminism and the feminist cause and, despite all odds have made remarkable progress in their lives and society and gained respectable acceptance and recognition from even the most stubborn reluctance of male domination. This trend has been captured by African women writers in their literary works which reflect the progress African women have made in transitioning from the margin to the centre and their contributions to social change.

Key Words: Feminism, Africa, patriarchy, African women, consciousness-raising, change
Enhanced optical transmittance of spray deposited zinc oxide thin films for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Adam A.A. , Musa M. , Sani M.
Published: June 2020

Transparent zinc oxide thin films (undoped and Mo doped) were coated on glass substrates at the substrate temperature of 400°C using spray  pyrolysis set up. The various Mo doping concentrations for the Mo doped thin films are 0.25wt.%, 0.5wt.%, 0.75wt.% and 1wt.%. Prepared thin films were characterized by X and UV-Vis Spectroscopy techniques. Thicknesses of the prepared films were determined using gravimetric method. XRD of the films shows that ZnO belongs to the hexagonal wurtzite structure. Preferred growth orientation for undoped and Mo doped ZnO thin films is along (002) direction, except for the 0.5wt.%Mo:ZnO thin film where the (101) peak becomes prominent. The XRD intensity of the (002) peak decreases with increasing Mo doping concentration for 0.25wt.% and 0.5wt.%, after which it increases for 0.75wt.% and 1wt.%. Crystallite sizes and lattice parameters for the ZnO and Mo:ZnO thin films were also evaluated. Optical studies of the prepared films show an average visible transmittance (AVT) of about 88% recorded in the 380nm to 800nm wavelength region. Optical bandgap for all the films were also reported. Slight increase in the bandgap of ZnO is observed with increasing Mo doping concentration.

Keywords: average visible transmittan optical bandgap.
Spatio-temporal trends of tuberculosis in Madobi local Government Area, Kano State
Authors: Adam A.I. , Yakudima I.I.
Published: June 2020

No Abstract.
Editorial: EJOTMAS: Raising the research and publication bar at Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria
Authors: Omoera Osakue Stevenson
Published: June 2020

No Abstract
Inventing animate floats: transformation and interpretation in Nigeria’s Abuja Carnival
Authors: Adéoyè Michael Adérèmí
Published: June 2020

This study focuses on the technical process through which available materials and space are transformed into motif-based animate floats and desired landscapes for carnival performances. Carnival performances are often guided by underlying conceptual scripts which basically depend on the technical processes of theatre design as a major requirement in connecting the carnival performance with its audience and which has not received adequate attention from existing theatre scholarship. The study adopts Roland Barthes’ semiotic theory, Intertextuality as the framework for analysing the interplay of carnival performances, material objects, technical process of theatre design and the carnival audience. The research design combined case study and survey. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, key informant interviews and participant observation. Ahmed Yerima, whose works in carnival productions informed this study, was selected as a case study. The study concludes that the technical process of theatre design is central to carnival performances because it catalyses the underlying imaginative dramatic scripts into visual pictures and animate carnival floats, thereby eliciting meaning from the conceptual dramatic scripts to the carnival audience. Adequate attention should therefore be paid to theatre design as the process of transforming imaginative scripts into visible pictorial carnival floats.

Keywords: Materials, Animate objects, Theatre design, Carnival performance, Transformation
The use of specific linguistic features within the context of a casual conversation in a speech community
Authors: Ekiye Ekiyokere
Published: June 2020

There seems to be nothing remarkable about the interaction between two interlocutors who have never been in contact with each other. These persons are able to understand themselves in contact situations because most times, a common language of communication is known that can sustain the exchange for the time necessary. However, when such exchange is between individuals with some level of contact or familiarity, the concept of speech community comes into play. The concept is useful but may be problematic at times and one cannot avoid applying this idea when trying to make sense of the process that takes place in the conversation, specifically a causal conversation. The aim of this sociolinguistic study is to explain how individuals are able to build social history, construct interactional talk, maintain relations with each other and reinforce solidarity from a two hour audio recorded conversation (ARC) between an ethnic Indian and a Nigerian in Marylebone, London using interactional socio-linguistic and conversation analytic. By doing so, the concept of a speech community as well as how a group can be identified as being members of a community is understood. A particular focus is paid to such linguistic features as the register of conversation, turn taking, discourse variation, phonological variation and grammatical variation characteristic of London, Nigerian and Indian English observed in the speech of the participants and how these features function to build and maintain relations.

Keywords: Speech community, Casual conversation, Linguistic features, Sociolinguistics, ARC
Import of family and peers in a writer’s life
Authors: Ogoke Chinedu
Published: June 2020

A writer anywhere must have roots and familial relationships. In a general sense, it is the energy derived from friends, family or society that drives the human spirit. A major role the family has in the life of a writer is giving him or her space. What this means is that a literaryfriendly family will not come between the writer and his/her writing. When he/she is engaged with writing, the writer’s family excuses him/ her from domestic and other duties. It is also beneficial when the writer is surrounded by a wife/husband and children who are wonderful readers. It is the relevance of the family that inspired this research. The paper investigates how culture, society and the family are significant in the life of every man or woman. It focuses on the experiences of writers in their home countries and overseas. The author discovered that writers in 17th century Europe worked closely together. The practice has hardly caught on among Nigerian writers. The writer could hardly find instances to prove otherwise. It is intended in this work, therefore, to highlight this shortcoming and to show how it contributes to the attainment of desired goals in the writer’s literary endeavours. The bulk of the data for this study was collected through listening to stories of writers and also reading various comments in newspapers and other publications.

Keywords: Language and culture, Family and peers, Pedagogy, Spousal problems, Writers’ life
Interactive theatre for community conflict resolution and transformation: the Oye-Ekiti Forum Theatre Workshop in perspective
Authors: Idogho Joseph Agofure
Published: June 2020

The violent conflicts between the students of Federal University Oye- Ekiti (FUOYE) and their host community, Oye-Ekiti and other neighbouring communities where students reside - Ayegbaju-Ekiti, Ilupeju-Ekiti, Itapa and Ikole-Ekiti, as witnessed in recent times have been of a great concern to all and sundry. Interestingly, the viability of drama or theatre as a conflict transformation and resolution tool has continued to gain ground since the twentieth century. It is against the backdrop of using drama for conflict resolution (DCT), therefore, that this paper argues that forum theatre (FT) is an artistic methodology for participatory citizenship that creates a process of collective reflection to produce solutions to community conflicts. The study is theoretically hinged on Mezirow’s transformative learning theory. The theory explains the change process that transforms the human frames of reference to explain Boal’s FT techniques. The techniques give the ordinary people the opportunity to be part of their problems and to find ways to resolve them by themselves. The study adopts qualitative approach, using forum theatre workshop and participant observation in its data gathering and descriptive approach in its data presentation and analysis. The findings revealed that interactive/participatory theatre which forum theatre is a component of possesses the potency for communities’ conflict transformation and resolution when properly applied. The study, therefore, recommends that theatre practitioners and scholars should leverage on interactive/participatory theatre as a tool for projecting good and exemplary governance

Keywords: FT, Transformative learning theory, Community participation, FUOYE, DCT
Dance pedagogy and entrepreneurship: a study of Footprints Arts Ambassadors, Lagos
Authors: Fernandez Michael Oladipupo
Published: June 2020

This work examines the pedagogy of dance and entrepreneurship in the society. In other words, it seeks to engender dynamic essence between theory and practice, dance scholar and choreographer, and their impact on students/dancers with respect to teaching dance as a career for profit making against art for art sake. The teaching approaches provide for managing dance establishments as well as the art and act of dancing. In doing this, we adopted the managerial system of the Footprints Arts Ambassadors in Lagos, Nigeria as a prototype. We apply some fundamental tools of entrepreneurship that determine efficiency and effectiveness of a particular approach to business to empower the trainees. In the deductive method, we carefully derived some assertions and information that would later become helpful for this study through the structured one-on-one interview held with the director of Footprints Arts Ambassadors. In analytical method, we did cursory analysis of dance pedagogy and entrepreneurial study as well as review related literatures, magazines and journals. We identified some pedagogical yardsticks and entrepreneurial approaches which have been used in successfully managing the fledging dance company. We also discovered some considerable factors to establishing a successful arts entrepreneurial company in Nigeria.We found that economic and social trend, as well as some personal entrepreneurial attributesplay key role in an entrepreneur’s approach to arts and theatre management. Therefore, we conclude that, whatever approach, style or operation mode a dance/theatre entrepreneur chooses; his aim should be for the success and development of both individuals and company. Thus, we recommend that dance scholars and practitioners update their teaching approach to making dance pedagogy a viable and self-reliant endeavour, rather than being a tool for entertainment, body therapy and cultural propagation alone.This will undoubtedlyposition dance on the same pedestrian with other art forms globally making wave in the entertainment industrytoday.

Keywords: Dance pedagogy, Entrepreneurship, Trainees, Footprints Arts Ambassadors, Management
Journalism practice and application of the contempt of court principle in the Nigerian judiciary
Authors: Musah Oyakemeagbegha
Published: June 2020

The people’s right to know is a cardinal feature of democratic governance. In the judiciary, the right to know presupposes an open justice system where judges are expected to adjudicate without concealments. As authentic information purveyors in society, the press and the judiciary need collaboration to achieve openness in justice administration and satisfaction of the people’s right to know.Consequently, this paper explores the relationship between Nigerian judges and journalists vis a vis Nigeria’s Chief Judge’s recent directive to the bench to apply “contempt proceedings” in members’ interactions with “wanting” journalists, and the people’s right to know. The paper assessed judges’ professed preconditions for journalists’ presence in court and practical experiences of journalists in Nigerian courts. It identifies a depreciation of values in justice administration behind this morally repulsive relationship between the bench and the press and calls for urgent redress.

Keywords: Journalism practice, Prejudice, Contempt of court, Justice administration, Judiciary
An examination of the placement of adverbials in the academic writing of fresh undergraduate students in the University of Cape Coast, Ghana
Authors: Gborsong Philip Arthur , Appartaim Anita B.
Published: June 2020

Rules have been formulated on how adverbials are used. Such rules as stated by Quirk and Greenbaum (1973), Hornby (1975) and Swan (1995) are silent on how a few adverbials that have no restrictions regarding their position and order in sentences should be used. This paper, relying on language variation in the second language setting as a theoretical framework, explored how undergraduate students used these kinds of mobile adverbials. The quantitative research design and a simple random sampling were applied to select a total of 100 essays and exercises from fresh undergraduates of the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. Analysing these essays and exercises, we concluded that although the adverbial is an optional clausal element, the undergraduate students used it in providing further information on the other clausal elements. In addition, the undergraduate students often placed the adverbials in the mid position of their sentences.

Keywords: Adverbials, GE, Undergraduate students, Clausal elements, Effective communication
Environmental Geochemical Assessment of Ogbagha River Sediments in Okpella Area of Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Obanje S.O. , Adelowo S.A.
Published: June 2020

The main aim of this paper is the environmental geochemical assessment of Ogbagha river sediments to ascertain the level of their pollution. The study area lies between latitude 7°14’N and 7°22’N and longitude 6°15’E and 6°23’E in Okpella area of Edo State, Nigeria. Major and trace elements in the six composite samples collected were analysed using Epsilon-5 x-ray fluorescence model (pAnalytical). SiO2 values range from71.4-81.61 wt. % with mean of 75.71 wt %, while Al2O3 values range from 7.01-12.97 wt. % with mean values of 11.56 wt. %.The other major oxides are below 7.00 wt. %. SiO2 and Al2O3 wt. % values are indicative of felsic source rock. The mean concentration values of Zr (1,830.55 ppm), Ba (1,416.00 ppm) and Cu (77.17 ppm) are higher than their crustal baseline values. Conversely, Sr (295.00 ppm), In (106.00 ppm), As (14.83 ppm), Cr (8.53 ppm), Co (7.00 ppm), Pb (13.33 ppm) have lower average concentrations than their crustal baseline average concentrations. Chemical index of alteration values for the samples also pointed to felsic source rock(s). The index of geoaccumulation values of Sb, In, Zr is indicative of serious environmental geochemical concern in the study area. However, potentially toxic elements such as Cu, Cr, Co, Pb, etc. are below the pollution baseline. It is recommended that standard environmental remediation measures should be taken to mitigate the pollution impact of In, Sb and Zr in the study area.

Keywords: Ogbagha-Okpella, environmental geochemistry, enrichment ratios, geoaccumulation index
Evaluation of Primordial Radionuclides in Ocimum gratissimum and health Risk to the Consumers at Ewekoro Southwest of Nigeria
Authors: Sowole O. , Olaniyi O.E. , Amodu F.R.
Published: June 2020

Primordial radionuclides are transported in to the plants through the leaves and roots. Medicinal plants are widely used in Africa for prevention and treatment of diseases. Ocimum Gratissimum is medicinal plant that is so used in southwest of Nigeria due to its multifunctional traditional medicinal health uses and as spice in cooking. The research is to determine the radiological health risk of these primordial radionuclides to the  consumers of Ocimum Gratissimum in the study area. Fresh leaves of the medicinal plant were plucked from ten (10) different locations at Ewekoro where mining of limestone had been taking place in Ogun State, southwest of Nigeria, been the part of the plant that was commonly used. The concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th in the fresh leaves were determined using gamma spectrometry method, and average annual committed effective dose to the adult consumers was determined. No artificial radionuclide was detected. The highest annual committed effective doses of 40K, 238U and 232Th to the consumers of Ocimum Gratissimum were obtained to be 0.00133mSvy-1, 0.00147mSvy-1 and 0.00336mSvy-1 respectively. The highest excess lifetime cancer risk of 40K, 238U and 232Th to the consumers were calculated to be 0.0211 x 10-3, 0.0136 x 10-3 and 0.1434 x 10-3 respectively. The average annual committed effective dose and average excess lifetime cancer risk of the radionuclides to the consumers were calculated to be 0.0109mSvy-1 and 0.0379 x 10-3 respectively. The values were below the limits of 0.3mSvy-1 and 0.29 x 10-3 respectively,  recommended globally. The consumers of the medicinal plant do not have significant radiological health risk. Furthermore, the results obtained can serve as reference data for future studies in the study area and its environs.

Keywords: Primordial Radionuclide, Medicinal plant, Dose, Cancer
Facies Architecture Analysis for Paleo-environment Evaluation in “Tom” Oil Field, Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Asubiojo T.M.
Published: June 2020

The cored section of reservoir C, well 4 of the drilled five wells that penetrated three reservoirs A, B and C in “TOM” oil field, Eastern Niger Delta was analysed and described on the basis of lithofacies, sedimentary structures and trace fossil records by using core data and wireline log motifs, with  the aim of carrying out thorough geological core analysis to interpret the depositional environment of the oil field. The lithofacies are sandstones  with interbedded mudstones and siltstones, the dominant sedimentary structures are parallel to ripple cross laminations, hummocky and swaley cross stratifications, sandy hetherolitics, planar to low angle cross bedding with traces of Teichichnus and Ophiomorpha burrows. The gamma-ray log motifs were noted and used to further constrain the character of the sedimentary facies and depositional environment of the field. A tidal incised – fluvial dominated shallow marine (lower, middle, upper shoreface) comprises of tidal channel sands and tidal flat of the coastal shelf depositional setting in the marginal marine mega depositional environment had been inferred for the “TOM” field.

Keywords: Shoreface, Reservoir, Lithofacies, Structures
Heavy Metal Uptake and Bioaccumulation by Mangrove Grab (Goniopsis pelli) from used Drilling Mud, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Enyi I.O. , Babatunde B.B. , Hart A.I.
Published: June 2020

This study was carried out to evaluate some heavy metal uptake and bioaccumulation in the meat, egg and shell of G. pelli from used drilling mud. The experimental approach involved the exposure of ten of the test organism G. pelli to six acute concentrations of drilling mud representing 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% for 96 hours in three replicates after the range finding test was conducted to determine the LC50. From the LC50, the test organism was further exposed to four sub-lethal concentrations of drilling mud (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%) for 21 days to evaluate the heavy metal uptake by the test organism. the result showed that heavy metal uptake increased in the order of meat (<0.001-2.36±0.12), shell (<0.001-3.31±0.19) and egg (<0.001-0.54±0.05) when compared with those in control tank. Copper was highest (3.31μg/g) in the shell and lowest (0.26μg/g) in the egg; zinc was highest (2.36μg/g) in the meat and lowest (0.22μg/g) in the shell; chromium was highest (0.12μg/g) in the meat and lowest (0.06μg/g) in the egg; cadmium was highest (0.2μg/g) in the shell and lowest (0.001μg/g) in the egg while lead had equal value (<0.001) in the meat, shell and egg of the test organism. This could pose a very serious health challenge to the consumers of G. pelli and other aquatic fishery resources if nothing is done to ensure the best practice in drilling activities in other to avoid pollution of the water bodies through drilling.

Keywords: Heavy metals, bioaccumulation, drilling mud, Goniopsis pelli
Geochemical Appraisal of the Mamu Shales Exposed around Igodor in the Benin Flank of the Anambra Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Okiotor M.E. , Ighodaro E.J.
Published: June 2020

The Auchi area of Edo state which lies within the Benin flank of the Anambra Basin host shaly sediment exposures that have been classified by  previous researches as units of the Mamu Formation. This study evaluated samples of this sediment from Igodor near Auchi for its geochemical and  mineralogical properties, and intereted its, depositional environment and geotectonic setting. In order to achieve this, field studies were  carried out and representative samples obtained for Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) analyses of major oxides, trace and rare earth elements. X-Ray Diffraction analysis was also carried out to determine the mineralogical composition. Some of the minerals determined were Aragonite and galena. Binary plots, triplots and elemental ratio plots including SiO2/, Al2O3, Th/Sc, Th/Co and La/Sc , Th-Sc-Zr, and the abundance of Cr, Ni were employed to determine the provenance. The concentration of detrital indicators such as SiO2, Al2O3 and TiO2, with averages of 51.95, 25.34 and 1.39 respectively, indicate high detrital influx into the Benin Flank of the Anambra basin. SiO2/Al2O3 ratios of 1.80-2.20, indicate that the shales were made up of pure kaolinite. The Ni and Cr abundance indicated a mafic and felsic provenance for the sediments, however, Th/Sc, Th/Co and La/Sc ratios show that the provenance was predominantly felsic, while the Th-Sc-Zr triplot shows that the depositional setting was passive.
Dimension Stone: Exploration and Exploitation in parts of Lokoja, North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Egesi N. , Nwosu J.I.
Published: June 2020

The study area Lokoja is the home to the confluence between Rivers Niger and Benue. Dimension stone is cut or quarried stone in accordance with specific dimensions, generally more abundant and are used in greater quantities than ore minerals in pavement and several other constructional activities. The objective of the paper is to present prospects and a lead of rocks in Lokoja area for the production of dimension stone. The rocks in the area are being quarried as aggregates or mined as dimension stone and they met quality parameters of the rocks which includes, must be durable, easy to quarry, work, cut and polish. The particular stones selected depend upon the local weathering conditions which can be determined by amounts of industrial gases present and availability of the rocks locally. The rocks identified are marbles, granite gneisses, migmatites and biotite granites. The granites are being quarried for aggregates, marbles are powdered for cement production while migmatites and granite gneisses were mined for dimension stone.The results of Rock Strength (MPA), Rock Class Factor and Swell Factor are within acceptable standard limits except for migmatites with RS 36%, RCF 7% and SF 1.25%, which is above the limit when compared with previous analysis of AAV 22.0%, ACV23.3%, AIV18%and Absorption 0.54% in Boki area. The dimension stone were separated by more precise and delicate techniques, such as diamond wire saws, diamond belt saws, in the mine the cut dimension stone width are 1m, while many are rectangular in shape. They occur in the same geologic setting of the basement complex of Northcentral Nigeria. In the area investment has been at relatively low stage more investment will significantly increase production of the dimension stone for local usage, export and economic growth.

Keywords:Dimension stone, durable, available, maintenance, migmatite, Lokoja
Sensitivity Analysis of Road Freight Transportation of a Mega Non-Alcoholic Beverage Industry
Authors: Latunde T. , Richard J.O. , Esan O.O. , Dare O.O.
Published: June 2020

Re-optimization can be very costly for gathering and obtaining more data for a particular problem, to curb this very expensive investment.  Sensitivity analysis has been used in this work to determine the behaviour of input parameters of the formulated problem. The main goal of the study is to respectively provide, derive, observe, compare and discuss the sensitivity analysis of data that has been optimized using different methods of the optimal solution. The best method, saving the highest percentage of transportation cost, for the formulated problem is determined to be the North-West Corner method. This was carried out by arbitrarily assigning values to the available warehouses to determine the best possible demand and supply cases rather than the initial cases. Thus, more cases are advised to be supplied to FID from the Asejire plant for the optimum reduced value of transportation cost.

Keywords: Sensitivity, Parameters, Transportation Problem.
Factors Influencing the Dis-adoption of Moringa oleifera among Farming Households in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oke D.O. , Orumwense L.A. , Olugbire O.O. , Oloba O.G. , Awofadeju J.O.H. , Akanbi S.F.
Published: June 2020

This study was conducted to determine the factors influencing the disadoption of Moringa oleifera among farming households in Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected through the use of structured questionnaires for this study. Descriptive and quantitative techniques were used for the analysis of survey data. Result revealed that the level of disadoption of Moringa in the study area was high whereas those that are still cultivating moringa still realizes income it. Also, the respondents indicated that low return on investment on moringa oleifera, low demand of moringa oleifera products such as leaf and seeds, low sale of moringa products, inadequate processing equipment, and inadequate marketing channels and over hyped health benefit of moringa products were factors contributing to the disadoption of moringa oleifera cultivation.The study revealed that age,membership of farmers’ association, non-farm income, and access to extension and involvement of the farmers in other agroforestry practices were significant factors influencing the disadoption of moringa in the study area. However, membership of farmers’ association and access to extension services significantly influence the probability of disadoption of moringa cultivation negatively. This study therefore recommends that there shouldbe further awareness on the benefits of moringa in order to increase demand for moringa and its product and that farmers should be encouraged to join Moringa farmers group in order to network with other farmers and to access information.

Keywords: Dis-Adoption, Moringa oleifera, Probit and Oyo State.
Ameliorating Effects of Aqueous Extract of Tetracarpidium conophorhum against Iron- Overload Induced damage in Rats
Authors: Innih S.O. , Eluehike N. , Ikponmwosa-Eweka O.
Published: June 2020

Iron, though an important nutrient but in excess can produce serious damaging effects on organs of the body. Intake of plants and or plant products with iron chelating ability, instead of synthetic iron chelators, can produce less adverse effects and may be more effective. The potential effect of Tetracarpidium conophorhum (T. conophorhum) as a chelating agent of plant origin has not been determined hence the present study. Iron overload condition was induced by oral administration of iron II chloride in the rats. Twenty five rats were randomly divided into five groups. Groups A and B were the normal and negative control (iron overload only) respectively. Groups C-E were the iron overload induced rats treated with 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg body weight of T. conophorhum extracts. Animals in groups C-E received daily oral administration of extracts for thirty days. Thereafter, we studied the effects of T. conophorhum on liver function enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, hematological parameters and lipidperoxidation. Iron overloaded rats showed significant increase (p<0.05) in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin levels and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in total protein, albumin, antioxidant enzymes. T. conophorhum extract at a high dose of 1000mg/kg body weight was able to restore the levels of these parameters to normal. These findings therefore suggest that high dose of T. conophorhum seed extract may be effective in reducing the resultant effects produced in the iron overload-induced liver damage.

Keywords: T. conophorhum, iron overload, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation
Physicochemical Characteristics, Particle Size Distribution and Total Hydrocarbon Content in Soil from Abandoned Landfill Site in Igbogene, Bayelsa state, Nigeria
Authors: Uzoekwe S.A. , Anekwe U.L.
Published: June 2020

Most household and some industrial solid wastes end up in the landfill which is the commonest means of solid waste management in many parts of Baylesa state, Nigeria. This study assessed the physicochemical characteristics, particle size distribution and total hydrocarbon content in soil samples from abandoned landfill site in Igbogene, Bayelsa state, Nigeria by collecting samples from varying distances (50m, 100m and 150m) at a depth of 0-20cm and analyzed using standard methods. Results were in the range of 5.01 – 5.34 (pH), 0.73 – 0.98 meg/100g (Exchangeable Acidity), 2.45 – 3.48 meg/100g (sodium), 0.19 – 0.31 meg/100g (potassium), 3.94 – 5.33 meg/100g (calcium), 1.52 – 2.15 meg/100g (magnesium), 9.57 – 11.49 mg/kg (nitrate), 4.18 – 5.19 mg/kg (sulphate), 6.99 – 8.85 mg/kg (available phosphorus), 8.23 – 12.60 mg/kg (total hydrocarbon content), 76.48 – 100.25 mg/kg (chloride), 5.14 – 7.59 mg/kg (ammonium), 8.83 – 8.95% (clay), 2.70 – 3.10% (silt), 87.93 – 88.35% (sand), 2.62 – 3.58% (organic carbon), 4.51 – 6.16% (organic matter) and 0.22 – 0.33% (total nitrogen). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant deviations (p>0.05) across the various distances for all parameters except for organic carbon and matter, total nitrogen, potassium and ammonium. In addition, most of the  nutrients showed positive significant relationship at p<0.05. This suggests that at large the activities of old landfill in the study area is not influencing the soil characteristics under study. Rather the apparent decline in value away from old landfill may be due to mobility level of minerals in the soil toward the southwest direction, which the cluster analysis clearly showed.

Keywords: Physicochemical Properties, Environmental Contamination, Hydrocarbon Content, Landfill
Design, Fabrication, Evaluation and Calibration of an Improvised Soil Permeameter for Measurement of Soil Hydraulic Conductivity
Authors: Alika J.O. , Adeogun B.K. , Ajibike M.A.
Published: June 2020

This study aimed at the design, fabrication, evaluation and calibration of an improvised soil permeameter for measuring saturated soil hydraulic conductivities. A metal support frame with a permissible strength of 50e-4 N/mm2 was made using steel galvanized pipes of 6 cmØ (internal  diameter) and metal flat bars of 8cm long and 0.4cm thick. The water tank (thickness 0.6 cm, height 28 cm, internal diameter 19 cmØ) and permeameter cylinder (thickness 0.6 cm, height 23 cm, internal diameter 19 cmØ) were both made of Perspex glass material. An electromechanical measuring device which was programmed and operated wirelessly was designed and constructed to measure head-in and head-out parameters. To calibrate the improvised soil permeameter, sampled and particle analysed soils from different locations within Zaria metropolis, were a test run on both foreign and improvised soil permeameters and their respective Ksat readings were subjected to regression analysis. According to the R2 values, the generated 3rd order polynomial regression equation from the Ksat readings of both foreign and improvised soil permeameter had a satisfactory R2 value of 0.985.

Keywords: Permeameter, Hydraulic Conductivity, Electromechanical, Saturated, Automation
A Mathematical Model of a Tuberculosis Transmission Dynamics Incorporating First and Second Line Treatment
Authors: Andrawus J. , Eguda F.Y. , Usman I.G. , Maiwa S.I. , Dibal I.M. , Urum T.G. , Anka G.H.
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a new mathematical model of a tuberculosis transmission dynamics incorporating first and second line treatment. We calculated a control reproduction number which plays a vital role in biomathematics. The model consists of two equilibrium points namely disease free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium point, it has been shown that the disease free equilibrium point was locally asymptotically stable if thecontrol reproduction number is less than one and also the endemic equilibrium point was locally asymptotically stable if the control reproduction number is greater than one. Numerical simulation was carried out which supported the analytical results.

Keywords: Mathematical Model, Biomathematics, Reproduction Number, Disease Free Equilibrium, Endemic Equilibrium Point
Stingless Bee Honey as Bio-Indicator of Heavy Metals Pollution in and around the University of Ilorin Environ Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Okeola F.O. , Oluade O. , Liad M.T.
Published: June 2020

Honey from stingless bees was examined as an indicator to evaluate the level of heavy metal pollution at six sampling locations (Oyun A, Oyun B, Bolounduro A, Bolounduro B, Jalala and Quarters) in and around University of Ilorin. Using the dry ashing digestion method the concentration of metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn) were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The concentration of metal (μg/kg) in the honey samples ranged from 0.010-0.001 for Cd, 3992.33-1755.67 for Zn, 2319.33-592.33 for Cu, 29.67 - 4.33 for Cr while Pb with concentration of 1μg/kg was found in only Quarter sample. Zn was the most abundant metal detectable in all the samples with the highest and least concentration obtainable from Oyun B and Bolounduro B respectively. Statistical analysis of the studied metals showed Cu and Zn differ significantly out of the five studied metals. The highest concentration of Cu was observed in Oyun A sample the least was found in the Bolounduro A. Highest concentration for Cr was found in Oyun B while the least was obtained in Oyun A sample. Cd presented the lowest concentration level in all tested samples.All the detected heavy metals in the honey samples were at concentrations within their respective WHO permissible limit.Physicochemical Parameters like density, moisture content, free acidity, pH, ash content and electrical conductivity of the honey samples were also predetermined. The mean density of the honeys is 1.44±0.02, moisture content 14.25±2.52, pH 4.61±0.25, free acidity 44.08±2.46, Ash 1.48±0.64 and electrical conductivity 0.04±0.03. There was significant difference noted between the studied physicochemical parameters and strong correlations observed among some of the studied parameters.Some of the positive and negative detection of the result were found to correlate with activity and suspected pollutant in some of these sampling locations.

Keywords: Honey, Stingless Bee, Heavy Metals, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Changes in intraocular pressure, horizontal pupil diameter, and tear production during the use of topical 1% cyclopentolate in cats and rabbits
Authors: Kovalcuka Liga , Nikolajenko Madara
Published: June 2020

Background: Cyclopentolate is not commonly used as mydriatic drug in veterinary medicine because of limited data on the local and systemic effects in animals.Aim: To determine the effects of topical 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride on intraocular pressure (IOP), horizontal pupil diameter (HPD) and tear production in the cat and rabbit’s eye during the first hour and up to 36 hours after treatment.Methods: One drop of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride was used in the left eye in 10 clinically and ophthalmologically healthy domestic cats and 10 rabbits. IOP and HPD were recorded every 5 minutes during the first hour, then every 2 hours during the following 12-hour period, and at 24 and 36 hours after application. Schirmer tear test (STT) was measured at 30 and 60 minute after treatment, then in same time points as IOP and HPD. Rebound tonometer (TonoVet®) was used to assess IOP, Jameson calliper to measure HPD and STT to determine the tear production.Results: 1% cyclopentolate increased IOP in cats, reaching a maximum (28.1 ± 5.4 mmHg) at T50 and in rabbits at T25 (16.7 ± 1.3 mmHg). Maximal mydriasis in cats was observed at T40 and lasted 24–36 hours, but in rabbits at T25, and returned to pre-treatment values at T10h–T12h. In cats, STT decreased in both eyes 30 minutes after treatment and remained lower throughout the 36-hour period. In rabbits, STT decreased in the treated eye 30 minutes after treatment, but all following STT measurements returned to normal pre-treatment levels.Conclusion: Study showed novel data about the effects of 1% cyclopentolate to IOP, HPD, STT in cats and rabbits. Cyclopentolate in cats caused mydriasis 20–40 minutes after the treatment by increasing IOP, at the same time, pupil diameter reached pre-treatment values 24–36 hours after treatment. In rabbit’s mydriasis occurred faster, 10–25 minutes after treatment without significant IOP increase and mydriasis lasted 10–12 hours. Significant STT decrease was recorded in cats, but more likely were connected to stress factors. This drug could be considered as a therapeuticalalternative in rabbit more than in cats.

Keywords: Cyclopentolate, Horizontal pupil diameter, Intraocular pressure, Tear production.
An update on hemilaminectomy of the cranial thoracic spine: Review of six cases
Authors: Bray Kathryn Y. , Early Peter J. , Olby Natasha J. , Lewis Melissa J.
Published: June 2020

Background: The optimal surgical approach to relieve spinal cord compression in the cranial thoracic spine is not well described, and the anatomy of the cranial thoracic vertebrae creates added surgical difficulty.Aim: This study describes the surgical approach, treatment, and outcome of three dogs and three cats that underwent a cranial thoracic hemilaminectomy for the treatment of extradural spinal cord compression. Surgical positioning was tailored to avoid extensive dissection and provide for a restricted, careful approach.Methods: Three dogs and three cats presenting for cranial thoracic spinal cord compression requiring surgical intervention were included.Results: All patients were discharged within 5 days. No patients experienced postoperative deterioration in neurologic status, and four animals had improved neurologic status at discharge.Conclusion: In cases with cranial thoracic spinal cord compression, the spinous processes can be spared, extensive muscle dissection minimized, and successful outcomes achieved with the appropriate positioning and limited approach.

Keywords: Hemilaminectomy, Intervertebral Disc Disease, Myelopathy, Thoracic.
THE IMPACTS OF GRAMMATICAL COMPETENCE TOWARDS STUDENTS’ SPEAKING PROFICIENCY IN LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Sabarniati
Published: June 2020

This investigation is conducted standing on the gap that there are students of English who are good in speaking the target language but do not master the grammar well, and there are also found students who have adequate grammatical awareness but cannot express themselves orally. This study aims at identifying common grammatical errors occur while students are speaking and how students’ grammar ability influences their speaking performance. This study was conducted in a Basic Speaking Class of First Year English Department Students of UIN Ar-Raniry. The Students’ grammatical mastery was tested as well as examining their speaking proficiency in order to discover the impact that the grammar has over the speaking. Two teachers of speaking were also interviewed in order to verify a number of supportive information. The result of the study showed that “subject-verb agreement” (SVA) was the most frequent grammatical error occurred in students’ speaking practice. It was also admitted that grammatical issue has not a big deal in determining students’ ability to speak English.
AN ANALYSIS ON THE STRATEGY OF TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS OF READING SKILL AT MATHAYUM ISLAM BACHOK WITTAYA SCHOOL THAILAND
Authors: Sariakin
Published: June 2020

The researcher discusses about the strategy of teaching and learning Process that is done by a teacher. The strategy is the ability of a teacher to design  the learning environment and the talents of its students  become better, focused, and organized so that time can be used efficiently. This research aims  (1)  to find out how the teaching and learning process of reading skill is applied by the English teachers of Mathayum Islam Bachok Wittaya School is, and (2) to find out how the impact of the strategy that is applied by English teachers Mathayum Islam Bachok Wittaya for the students’ ability in mastering reading texts is. The design used in this research is descriptive research. Thus, this research belongs to qualitative research because only describes the strategy that is used by the teachers in conducting teaching and learning process of reading skill at the school. The subjects of this research were two teachers who teach English. The instruments that was used to collect data were observation, interview, and documentation. The data gotten was analyzed by narration procedure and discussion. The result of research showed the teachers used to use various strategies that aimed to make the students not bored. Although the teachers used to use various strategies, the teachers usually used jigsaw technique in teaching and learning process. The strategy that was applied the teachers of Mathayum Islam Bachok Wittaya School in teaching and learning process of reading skill was effective. Thus, the strategy that was used by the teachers had a good impact for the students’ ability in mastering reading text. It was proven that the students’ average score in mastering reading skill after teaching in learning process was 80 and it was higher than the standard score. Meanwhile, the standard score of reading skill was 75 at the school.
THE TEACHER’S AND STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON PROJECT BASED LEARNING IN NURSING DEPARTMENT
Authors: Halim Abdul , Rohmah Dewi Wardah Mazidatur
Published: June 2020

The study was aimed at investigating the students’ and teacher’s perceptions in utilizing technology-based classroom instruction in learning English for specific purpose (ESP) as an effort of enhancing the quality of students’ participation. In education, active participation of all stakeholders such as students, teachers, and policy makers is important so that the education goals can be achieved. The development of industrial revolution 4.0 disrupts every aspect of life including education. Teacher should take advantage of the current technology development for enhancing the quality of teaching process. The study employed survey study research method. One teacher and 72 students from nursing department were involved in the study and an electronic questionnaire with close-ended and open-ended questions was used to collect the data. The data was analyzed with the stages of data collection, data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing. The findings of the study showed that both the teacher and the students have perceived positively towards the project based learning in their ESP class. In addition, this type of learning process enhances students’ active participation
DOES FLIPPED LEARNING WORK? A CASE FOR PRIVATE UNIVERSITY IN INDONESIA
Authors: Basori  , Diah Wihardini
Published: June 2020

This study sought to find out the result of implementing Flipped Learning in pre-university English class in one of private universities in Indonesia. The study answers the question on to what extend the flipped learning work or fail when being implemented in the respective class. The data which were the result of pre-test and post-test were collected using quantitative method. To analyse the data, a non-parametric approach was used to analyse the impact of the FL approach on student performance in the EPS program. The difference between the pre- and test- scores was calculated and used in a hypothesis testing method using the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon Test. The result indicated that there is no significance difference between the treatment group and the control group. Some possible reasons why the insignificance happen are presented as well as some recommendations towards future studies in FL context.