bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anonymous witnesses and the accused's right to a fair trial
Authors: Rybalko Hlib
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The article examines the question of the questioning of anonymous witnesses, the use of their testimony at the stage of the trial in the context of the suspect’s or accused’s right to a fair trial. The criteria that allow to make a decision on granting anonymity to a witness in criminal proceedings are defined and three categories of anonymous sources are distinguished, such as statements of absent witnesses, statements of anonymous witnesses, statements of hidden or classified witnesses.

Summary of the main results of the study. The author refers to the criteria developed by the practice of the European Court of Human Rights on the issue of both the participation of anonymous witnesses during the trial and the use of the testimony of absent witnesses, which will ensure the fairness of the trial. Based on the practice of the ECtHR, three categories of anonymous sources have been identified, the testimony of which the ECtHR should consider as sources of evidence, and, accordingly, give them an assessment: they include: absent witnesses, anonymous witnesses, hidden or classified. Balancing factors that should allow for a fair and proper assessment of the credibility of evidence obtained from absent, anonymous, hidden or classified witnesses are given in order to prevent violations of Article 6 of the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.

Conclusions. The legislation of European countries allows investigations to be carried out with the help of anonymous sources. Considerable attention is paid to this issue in the normative acts of the European Union, in particular in the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, decisions of the ECtHR, etc. This is relevant from the point of view of the formation of domestic criminal procedural practice, since it clearly and consistently establishes the standards of admissibility as evidence from such witnesses, creates guarantees that national courts will observe the right of the accused to a fair trial on the one hand, and for anonymous witnesses - the right to safety - on the other hand.
Transformation of the subject composition of criminal proceedings and its influence on the development of criminal tactics
Authors: Shayturo Olga
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The problem of providing scientifically based forensic recommendations to the activities of criminal justice bodies and other participants in criminal proceedings has been of interest to scientists since the very beginning of the emergence of this type of social activity (criminal procedural). At the same time, the development of scientific provisions depends not only on the actual accumulation of knowledge based on the results of conducted research, but also on changes in criminal procedural legislation. This judgment also applies to the definition of vectors for the development of forensic tactics, which is designed to provide scientifically based practical recommendations regarding the most optimal ways of implementing certain procedural actions by participants in criminal proceedings. The purpose of the work, in particular, is to highlight the existing dependence between the change in the subject composition of criminal proceedings and the further development of forensic tactics, the need to expand its knowledge. During the research, a variety of both general scientific and special methods were used: analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, comparative method, formal-dogmatic and comparative-legal.

Summary of the main results of the study. It has been determined that the problem of developing the tactics of the activities of those subjects of criminal procedural activity that were introduced into criminal proceedings in connection with the adoption of the Criminal Procedure Code of 2012, in particular: the investigating judge, the detective and the investigator, remains relevant and unresolved. Further development of forensic knowledge in this direction will take place within the framework of such sub-fields of forensic tactics as investigative and judicial.

Conclusions. The development of criminal procedural legislation, in particular, associated with the emergence of new subjects of criminal procedural activity, leads to the emergence of new vectors for the development of forensic tactics. At present, one of the most promising areas of scientific research should be considered to be the development of the tactics of the detective, inquirer, and investigating judge. Regarding the determination of the place of new scientific provisions in the structure of forensic tactics, in our opinion, it is premature to talk about the possibility of forming new sub-branches of it. The tactics of the detective and inquirer can develop within the framework of investigative tactics, and the tactics of the court judge, respectively, within the tactics of the court. Such a conclusion is connected with the fact that functionally the activity of conditionally new subjects is equal to the activity of the investigator and the court, although they have their own specifics.
Professor Mykhailo Stanchev is 70: The Career of a Statesman, Scholar, and Diplomat
Authors: Ivanov Yachko
Published: December 2023

The article is dedicated to the life and work of Professor Mykhailo Stanchev, who has recently celebrated his 70th anniversary. In the form of a memoir, the author tells about Professor Stanchev’s first steps in academia, his student years at A. Gorky Kharkiv State University (now V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University), and his early interest in Bulgarian studies. The main focus of the article is on Stanchev’s research work, in which he continued Kharkiv University’s long tradition of historical Bulgarian studies. His candidate’s thesis, dedicated to the role of youth organizations in the development of Ukrainian-Bulgarian cultural ties, was completed under the supervision of the prominent Soviet Bulgarist, professor of Kharkiv University H. M. Popov. Stanchev’s fellowship at Sofia University ‘St. Kliment of Ohrid’ in 1988-1989 took his research to a new level. A milestone in Stanchev’s academic career was the defense of his doctoral dissertation on “Dr. C. Rakovsky – Statesman, Politician, and Diplomat (1873-1941)” at the Institute of History of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The article considers Stanchev’s ties with the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, of which he was elected a foreign member in 2013, and his service as research director of the Marin Drinov Center for Bulgarian and Balkan Studies at V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University and editor-in-chief of “The Drinov Collection,” which publishes materials of the international Drinov Readings held recurrently at Kharkiv National University. For his academic work, Stanchev has received the honorary award “For Services to the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences”, as well as the Drinov Gold Medal and Ribbon. Stanchev’s achievements in other areas, particularly government and diplomacy, are also discussed. Stanchev was elected deputy of the Kharkiv City Council and chaired the international department of the City Executive Committee, which was created on his initiative. In this position, he contributed to the development of Kharkiv’s international relations and helped attract foreign investment to the region. The article further touches on Stanchev’s service as first secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and head of the Department of Balkan Countries. Stanchev made a significant contribution to Ukrainian-Bulgarian relations as a temporary chargé d’affaires of Ukraine’s embassy in Bulgaria and political adviser, for which he was awarded the Golden Laurel Branch of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria. In conclusion, the author expresses hope that Professor Stanchev will continue pursuing shared academic projects with the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
The Karazin Family: A New Reading (To the 250th Anniversary of the Birth of V. N. Karazin)
Authors: Stanchev Mykhailo
Published: December 2023

The article, dedicated to the 250th anniversary of the birth of the founder of Kharkiv Imperial University Vasyl Karazin, details little-known episodes of his life and traces the genealogy of the entire Karazin family. Based on a thorough study of archival materials, the author for the first time discusses not only the Bulgarian, but also Ukrainian, Greek, and Polish roots of the Karazin family, calling into question the one-sided views that have long dominated the literature on the subject (for example, regarding the alleged Greek roots of the founder of Kharkiv University). The author’s arguments and observations are rooted in the analysis of the records of the Department of Heraldry in the Russian State Historical Archive in St. Petersburg and personal papers of Nazar Karazin preserved in the Russian State Military Historical Archive. The article provides a wealth of biographical information on all members of the Karazin family, starting with Oleksandr Karazin, who settled in the lands of the Sloboda regiments and whom the author considers as the family’s founder. The biography of Vasyl Karazin’s father, Nazar Oleksandrovych, a colonel in the Russian army during the time of Catherine II, is explored in more detail. On the basis of archival records, the author describes in particular Nazar Karazin’s military and diplomatic service during the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774. New light is shed on the life of Vasyl Karazin’s grandson Mykola Mykolayovych Karazin, a well-known artist, member of the Russian Academy of the Arts, and writer, who left to posterity a diary and reports from the frontlines of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878. These writings are published by the author of the article in a separate edition. Furthermore, research in the Russian State Naval Archive enables the author to flesh out little-known episodes of the life of one of the sons and another grandson of Vasyl Karazin – Filadelf senior and Filadelf junior, who served in the Russian Navy. The author has also discovered new facts from the lives of descendants of the Karazin family currently living in Ukraine and abroad.
Known in Europe, Unknown in Bulgaria (To the 150th Anniversary of the Birth of Christian Rakovsky)
Authors: Chernyavskyi George
Published: December 2023

The article is dedicated to the 150th anniversary of the birth of Christian Rakovsky (1873-1941) – a prominent figure in the international socialist movement, politician, statesman, diplomat, Chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars of Ukraine (1919-1923), Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the USSR in London (1923-1925) and Paris (1925-1927), one of the leaders of the Trotskyite bloc, and an opponent of Stalin. While Rakovsky’s life has been the subject of some research, many of its aspects remain unexplored. Drawing on a wealth of new documents discovered in the archives of Bulgaria, Great Britain, France, Ukraine, and Russia, the author sheds new light on little-known episodes of Rakovsky’s life – particularly the years of his youth, when he joined the international student socialist movement and spoke at international congresses. The article considers Rakovsky’s contacts with Plekhanov’s Emancipation of Labor group in Geneva, where Rakovsky studied medicine and achieved some prominence among Russian social democrats. His connections with famous Western European revolutionaries are discussed – including Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht, Jules Guesde, Karl Kautsky, and other figures of the Second International. It is noted that Rakovsky was the only member of the Bolshevik government who was also a member of the Bureau of the Second International. The article touches on a subject that has long been neglected by historians – Rakovsky’s efforts to solve the problem of Russian-Romanian relations in 1918, the resulting bilateral treaty, and his special position regarding the annexation of Bessarabia to Romania. Considerable attention is given to the question of Rakovsky’s so-called ‘Jewish’ origin and his alleged membership in the worldwide Masonic lodge, disproven on the basis of Rakovsky’s papers in the Bulgarian Historical Archive. The author also dwells on the problem of the so-called ‘Rakovsky protocols’, published by Iosif Landovsky in the book “Red Symphony: Confessions of the Trotskyist Rakovsky.” The author draws on Rakovsky’s NKVD case file and interrogation records, which he has published in full in his book “The Bloody Farce,” to demonstrate that no such protocols exist. Finally, the author addresses the rumor that Rakovsky was not executed, but spent the last years of his life in the Soviet Union. This rumor is proven false based on the analysis of extensive archival materials and memoirs of Rakovsky’s comrades; most notably, Rakovsky’s case file in the Central Archives of the KGB of the USSR contains a certificate of his execution on 11 September 1941 in the Oryol Central Prison.
The Diplomat Dr. Haralampi Sarmadzhiev and His Participation in the 1898 International Anti-Anarchist Conference in Rome
Authors: Strezova Aleka
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the mission of the Bulgarian diplomat Dr. Haralampi Sarmadzhiev (1860-1908) at the International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists held in 1898 and argues that the participation of the Principality of Bulgaria in this forum represented for the country another step towards achieving full independence. After its liberation in 1878, Bulgaria was still a vassal of the Ottoman Empire, but the Bulgarian government used every opportunity to reaffirm its self-determination and challenge its dependent status. Dr. Sarmadzhiev, born in Bolhrad in a family of wealthy Bessarabian Bulgarians, after graduating from the Bolhrad Gymnasium studied at the University of Bucharest and later in Paris, where he obtained a doctorate in law and became the first Bulgarian lawyer to receive this degree. After completing his studies in Paris, Dr. Sarmadzhiev moved to Bulgaria, just liberated from the Ottoman rule, and served in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He held high offices, including that of acting Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Principality of Bulgaria, organized the work of the newly created ministry, and cultivated a constellation of young diplomats. Dr. Sarmadzhiev was an outstanding Bulgarian diplomat of his era, whose service in Belgrade and Vienna marked a significant contribution to the development of Bulgarian-Serbian and Bulgarian-Austrian relations. He was chosen to represent the principality at the international anti-anarchist conference in Rome. At this forum, Dr. Sarmadzhiev actively worked towards the diplomatic emancipation of his country; on at least one occasion, he defied the instructions from his government and opposed the official Russian position, asserting Bulgaria’s independent stance despite pressure from both Russia and Turkey. Multilateral meetings in the Italian capital brought considerable legislative and administrative results and became a starting point for subsequent international cooperation.
Renaming Kyiv’s Streets Amid the Russian War of Invasion: The Politics of History Between “Decommunization” and “Derussification”
Authors: Schenk Gibfried
Published: December 2023

The article undertakes a comparative thematic and narrative analysis of the trends in place name change in Kyiv (as published by the Kyiv City State Administration) during two periods: (1) between 2014 and the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion on 24 February 2022 and (2) between 24 February 2022 and the first anniversary of the Russian invasion in 2023. From 2014 to early 2023, 517 (about 17 percent) of Kyiv’s urbanonyms were changed. It is found that 58 percent of names changed during this entire time span belonged to the “Soviet nostalgic” narrative and 41 percent — to the narrative of the “Russian world”, while 1 percent were non-political. Before 24 February 2022, the “Soviet nostalgic” narrative was affected the most (88 percent of renamings), which reflects the phenomenon of “decommunization”; however, during the full-scale Russian invasion its share fell to 30 percent. In the period after 24 February 2022, the theme of “derussification” clearly dominated, with the share of removed names that represented the “Russian world” narrative increasing from 11 percent (before the full-scale invasion) to 69 percent. The largest proportion of newly minted toponyms in the period from 2014 to 2023 embody the “national Ukrainian” narrative (59 percent), while 35 percent invoke a “non-political” context and 6 percent are internationally-themed. The ongoing urbanonymic change, as analyzed in the article using Kyiv as a case study, has led to a radical transformation of the urban symbolic order in Ukraine. Ukraine is appropriating these spaces, displacing the Russian imperial legacy. The radicalization of this policy is a result of the Russian aggression; however, it reinforces an already existing trend. It is also an act of defiance, doing the opposite of what the aggressor may have planned or would have done, had Kyiv been captured. Thus the sad but stubborn irony is that the attempt to reintegrate Ukraine into the Russian imperial order has produced the exact opposite outcome — a fundamental rejection of the symbols of the “Russian world”.
Development of theoretical and methodological approaches to organizing the process of creating ESG reports at enterprises
Authors: Korchahina L.
Published: December 2023

The ESG concept (Environmental, Social, Governance) represents ecological, social, and governance indicators that play a crucial role in numerous sustainable development initiatives. The categorization into three spheres stems from the prevailing global consensus approach aimed at effectively realizing sustainable development. This approach is now referred to as ESG activity, emphasizing the pivotal role that enterprises play in addressing various existing challenges. A study of the level of information disclosure regarding the ESG activity of Ukrainian companies, conducted by The Corporate Governance Professional Association) and the Center for CSR Development Ukraine, showed that as of 2020, only about 20% of the companies they studied published reports that can be classified as ESG reporting , but the fact that in 2019 there were only about 10% of such companies is positive, that is, there is a trend towards an increase in the volume of this kind of reporting. It should be noted that the level of transparency of Ukrainian companies in matters of covering their ESG activity is extremely low. In part, such a weak level of involvement can be explained by the fact that Ukrainian companies generally ignore the processes related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) achievement - the formation of new approaches to the development of humanity based on a certain set of basic values: the fight against poverty, environmental sustainability, health care efforts, as well as the formation of a global partnership for the purpose of development. An important element of the company's ESG activity management system is communication with stakeholders, which is provided through ESG reporting. In general, ESG reporting is quantitative and qualitative information about a company's environmental, social and management efforts and results. ESG reporting has a number of specific features compared to traditional financial reporting. In particular, ESG-reporting can be mandatory or voluntary depending on the country and the company's field of activity, and the regulation of ESG-reporting, based on its specifics, is mostly supranational in nature.
Development of new alternative energy sources for sustainable energy supply
Authors: Cherep O. , Cherep A. , Oleynikova L.H. , Lyshchenko E.G.
Published: December 2023

It has been established that the needs of mankind in fuel are growing every day. The full energy balance of the countries of the European Union is analyzed and the place and share of alternative energy sources are determined. It is determined that trends in the development of society require the adoption of new, non-traditional solutions that can quickly increase the efficiency of using alternative energy sources, solve the problem of insufficient energy capacity, reduce the harmful impact on the environment and carry out modernization in the shortest possible time and at the lowest cost. The main reasons for this are the expected depletion of fossil fuel reserves, the rapid rise in prices for it, incomplete use and low efficiency, as well as the harmful impact on the environment. The problems of the energy sector of economy are determined. The use of alternative energy sources by EU countries is evaluated, which saves billions of euros on gas purchases. It is proved that despite the rapid changes in demand and oil prices, the tendency to increase the consumption of fuel and energy resources will continue, although the distribution of consumption by industries and countries may change somewhat. A review of theoretical approaches to defining the essence of the concept of «alternative energy» is made and the author's definition of this economic category is provided. Each type of alternative energy sources is characterized, their advantages and disadvantages, which positively or negatively affect the energy sector of the economy and the economy as a whole, are outlined. The problematic issues of using alternative energy sources in modern conditions of management are outlined. It is noted that in recent years, the cost of building small hydropower plants has been significantly simplified by simplifying their design and operation, standardizing design solutions, unifying equipment and full automation of HPP operation, as well as through the use of new materials and finished products. It is proposed to use new unconventional energy technologies that we have explored and can lead the world towards a sustainable energy supply.
DEFI: a tool for digital transformation of the state
Authors: Dotsenko O. , Chubka I.
Published: December 2023

DeFi is growing in popularity, and the active participation of users in the development of financial solutions determines the success of this ecosystem. The article discusses the key role of DeFi (decentralized finance) in the digital transformation of the state and its impact on global finance. Differences in prevalence and regulation in different countries indicate the need to adapt to different legal environments and financial systems. The author highlights the need for standardization in the context of diversity of approaches and lack of common terminology, which creates challenges for regulation. It is noted that DeFi opens up opportunities for creating more transparent, efficient and accessible financial systems. DeFi, as an innovative industry of digital transformation, has an impressive set of advantages, including decentralization, transparency, and low fees. It is noted that the implementation of decentralized financial solutions of DeFi poses significant challenges to the traditional legal system, including jurisdiction, law enforcement and data protection. The author emphasizes the need for a new legal approach and regulatory mechanisms to address the unique challenges posed by DeFi. The purpose of the study is to analyze the possibilities and prospects of using DeFi for the digital transformation of the state and government. The objectives of the study include analyzing the dynamics of DeFi implementation in public administration, studying the functional features and benefits of this process, studying the factors of investment attractiveness of DeFi, as well as justifying the feasibility of implementing DeFi in government and identifying problems that need to be addressed. Active support for the formation of digital interoperability between countries, taking into account economic, political and cultural differences, is one of the ways to overcome the challenges faced in the implementation of DeFi in e-government. The need to level the digital divide and ensure equal access to digital technologies for all social and geographical groups is emphasized. The key aspects of this approach are the creation of reliable technologies, the development of international platforms for regulation and collaboration, and the creation of a support fund for the development of digital infrastructure and education in less developed countries. Additionally, it is noted that DeFi, as an innovative segment of digital transformation, requires constant adaptation and improvement in the context of changes in the regulatory environment and technological progress. The development of new standards and regulations that take into account the specifics of DeFi is defined as a critical aspect for ensuring the stability and security of this financial sector. In particular, it is important to address the issues of investor protection and transparency in a high-risk environment.
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES ON THE BASIS OF MARKET RESEARCH
Authors: Gontareva Iryna , Nesen Mariia
Published: December 2023

The article is aimed at studying the status and trends in the development of foreign economic activity in Ukraine and in the world, and the impact of marketing research on their effi­ciency. The purpose of the study is to analyze the improvement of the efficiency of foreign economic activity of enterprises on the basis of marketing research using economic and statistical methods, to identify problems and prospects for development, and to develop ways for effective foreign eco­nomic activity in conducting marketing research. The article provides data on the volume of the marketing data market worldwide as of 2017-2021, the results of a survey of European companies on the benefits received after investing in sustainable marketing strategies as of July 2022.

To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set and solved: identifying the characteristic fea­tures of the organization's activities, familiarizing with the principles of accounting and financial reporting, analyzing the marketing and foreign economic activities of organizations.

The importance of the development of foreign economic activity and market relations due to increased responsibility and independence of industries and individual entities in the preparation and adoption of management decisions is determined.

The relevance of studying the theoretical aspects of improving the efficiency of foreign economic activity of enterprises based on the impact of marketing research on the functioning of these pro­cesses is substantiated.

The impact of investing in sustainable marketing strategies on the company's development is characterized. The main obstacles to entering a new market are indicated. The results are summa­rized and ways to improve the functioning of foreign economic activity in Ukraine in the course of marketing research in the company are proposed, through the implementation of certain measures.

It is determined that the main areas for further research should be: identifying the most attrac­tive marketing strategies in international markets, how artificial intelligence can become a driving mechanism in the company's marketing, studying pricing strategies and developing financial mar­keting mechanisms in accordance with this data, the impact of e-commerce in international opera­tions and the proper management of these strategies.
STRATEGIES FOR ENTERING FOREIGN MARKETS BY DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES
Authors: Rozhko Viktor , Tatarko Darina
Published: December 2023

The article examines topical issues of how Ukrainian enterprises can enter international markets, as well as the methods they can use to successfully enter the market. Global markets bring great challenges, but also new opportunities in the context of globalization and competitive environment.

This article examines various approaches to entering foreign markets, such as exporting, investing in other countries, franchising, alliances, and others. Both the advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods are considered. In addition, advice is provided on how to select and use these methods.

Attention is paid to the analysis of possible risks and problems that Ukrainian enterprises may face when entering foreign markets, and information is provided on how to minimize them.

Managers and owners of Ukrainian enterprises who are considering the possibility of going outside their country and looking for ways to successfully enter foreign markets will find this article useful.

This article describes the different types of exports, including direct and indirect exports, and considers the logistical and regulatory aspects that Ukrainian companies must manage. It emphasizes the importance of market research and conforming products and services to international standards.

The article explores the collaborative strategies of franchising and forming alliances. It examines the role of partnerships and franchising agreements in mitigating risks and leveraging the strengths of local partners.

Cultural nuances and market adaptation strategies are explored to help Ukrainian enterprises tailor their products, services, and marketing approaches to align with the cultural preferences and expectations of the target international markets.

A critical aspect of the article focuses on the identification and analysis of potential risks involved in international market entry. It provides a framework for risk mitigation, emphasizing the importance of due diligence, legal compliance, and a proactive approach to addressing challenges.
Comparative experiment on the efficiency of water cooling in photovoltaic modules in the climatic conditions of Southern Russia
Authors: Ilyichev V. G. , Zaynutdinova L. Kh. , Terukov E. I. , Mikhailov M. Yu.
Published: December 2023

The problems of ensuring the safety of operation of nuclear power plants are always paid increased attention. In addition to the self-contained diesel generator sets used to maintain the operation of safety systems in case of loss of external power supply, it is also advisable to consider the use of more environmentally friendly self-contained photovoltaic units at this stage. The work is aimed at a comparative experimental study of the efficiency of water cooling in real natural climatic conditions of Southern Russia. In this experiment, cooled and uncooled photovoltaic modules are simultaneously exposed to a complex of variable weather factors: solar radiation, cloudiness, wind, pressure, temperature and humidity of the environment. Both modules have loads connected via MPPT controllers. The effect of water cooling on the energy efficiency of photovoltaic modules assembled from silicon heterojunction technology (HJT) solar cells was studied. The solar panels were made from 130 micron thick HJT cells interconnected using SmartWire contact technology. It reduces power loss due to possible defects such as cracks. The conditions for ensuring the highest degree of similarity between the parameters of the cooled and uncooled modules have been met. A comparative experimental study was conducted in Astrakhan State University using a long-term monitoring system for the characteristics of photovoltaic modules. This is a test photovoltaic system (TPS), built on the basis of the Paragraph PL2 electronic recorder. A significant increase in module output when working with cooling was established. At insolation of 987.5 W/m2, the power generated by the cooled module was 93.0297 W, while the power of the module without cooling was 79.306 W. The difference comprised 13.7237 watts. Power increased by 17%. In the experiment, the average efficiency value when the module was cooled was 0.15977. When uncooled, it was 0.13764. The efficiency intensified by 2.21%. This increase is significant. The results obtained confirm the fairly high efficiency of water cooling in photovoltaic modules in real natural operating conditions for regions with high ambient temperatures, Southern Russia, in particular
Operational determination of current-voltage characteristics welding power sources in nuclear engineering
Authors: Vinniychuk V. A. , Podrezov N. N. , Doronin Yu. V.
Published: December 2023

Welding equipment is everywhere equipped with modern digital welding arc power systems based on microprocessor and other logical element bases. At the same time, there is a tendency to minimize information not only for Chinese, but also for equipment of well-known brands, so it is important to quickly monitor the accuracy of the accompanying documentation in order to avoid deterioration in the quality of products and waste of time re-equipment. Modern recorders of welding processes allow several times to reduce the time for checking the declared characteristics of all power sources certified for use in the nuclear power industry. Among the characteristics and service functions analyzed by the recorder, it should be noted static current-voltage characteristics, oscillograms of «hot start», «afterburner» and «anti-sticking». The paper presents the data of selective tests for compliance with the declared passport data of inverter power supplies INEM-200T (MMA process), Artsen CM-500 (MAG process) and ION 48-900 (SAW process). Based on the results of the research, conclusions were drawn about the benefits of using the proposed model of the welding process recorder at enterprises of heavy nuclear engineering.
Justification of obtaining fine-grained structure of welded joints at high-intensity impulse effect on welding circuit
Authors: Burdakov S. M. , Ratushny V. I. , Zayarov Yu. V.
Published: December 2023

An effective method of improving the reliability of operation of thermal and nuclear power facilities is to improve the quality of manufacture, installation and repair of their thermal and generating power equipment. One of the ways to improve the quality, technological and service properties of welded joints in the process of their implementation is to influence the structure of the crystallizing metal by thermal, electric high-intensity impulse effect for its grinding. This work proposes the results of an experimental study to substantiate the production of a fine-grained structure of welded joints obtained using manual arc welding with coated electrodes at a high-intensity impulse effect (QPS) with a fi.g.= 40×103 Gts frequency, voltage Ui.g.= 80.0 V, on the welding circuit. The energy characteristics of the process can be used to assess the effect of high-intensity impulse action on the welding circuit, including the arc plasma and the structure of the resulting weld. As the energy characteristics of the welding process, the welding current Iwd, the voltage on the arc discharge Ud, the power Rp. Oscillograms of the specified characteristics were obtained, as well as the values of the maximum (peak) and average power released in the welding circuit when QPS is exposed to it and without its use were determined. Energy evaluation of input of additional high-intensity pulse effect on welding circuit as ultrasonic energy for cavitations of surface layer of welding bath at QPS was performed. Direct current arc discharge at application of high-intensity pulse effect with frequency of fi.g.= 40×103Gts (QPS) is source of cavitations of liquid phase of metal of welding bath in limited surface layer of preset thickness. It can be assumed that the crystallization of the bath takes place in layers when the welding circuit is subjected to high-intensity pulse exposure with a frequency of fi.g.= 40×103 Gts (QPS). In this case, the growing crystals break when the liquid phase oscillates due to friction forces arising between the moving liquid phase and the growing crystal. At the site of crystal fracture, zones of dynamically super cooled metal are formed, which leads to the appearance of new crystallization centers, and a fine-grained structure of the weld appears.
Estimation of the effective length of microcracks occurring in the water-steam pipeline at cyclic operation mode of NPP steam generator
Authors: Elokhin A. P.
Published: December 2023

During operation of water-water reactors including KLT-40 type reactors widely used nowadays on icebreakers and floating power units (FPU), the issue of the duration of safe operation of steam generators is acute. The problem is connected with the formation of microcracks in the steam generator water and steam piping during normal operation at power, through which radioactive nitrogen 16N7 enters the steam piping, the content of which in the steam is just a sign of leakage failure of the steam generator second circuit water and steam piping. This effect, further named "leaks", was considered earlier in a number of works of the authors under conditions of cyclic operation of the steam generator water-steam mode. In the present work the main attention is paid to mathematical and physical analysis of the mechanisms causing the formation of microcracks in the steam pipeline of a steam generator arising in the steam pipeline region in which water and steam pressures are balanced, and their effective length is estimated. Calculations of temperature distribution along the steam-pipe thickness in the steam-water transition region at periodic "slamming" of this region with water are carried out. It is shown that depending on the time period of steam-water oscillations, the radial temperature distribution along the tube thickness shows a significant difference in the distribution at a constant temperature on the outer surface of the tube, and the maximum temperature difference is observed in the area of the inner surface of the tube. The distribution of mechanical stresses arising in the tube metal is characterized by a linear dependence of stresses on temperature, the maximum value of which corresponds to the maximum temperature difference characteristic of the area of the inner surface of the tube. This allows us to state that the formation of cracks starts exactly from the area of the inner surface of the tube of the steam generator in the specified transitional area of the tube.
Evaluation of measuring magnetic anisotropy parameters method to monitor the development of erosion and corrosion wear of equipment
Authors: Adamenkov A. K. , Veselova I. N.
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of further research in the field of assessing the development of erosion and corrosion wear (ECW) of pipeline elements using a magnetic and anisotropic method to monitor the stress-strain state of ferromagnetic material. The conducted studies show that the recorded parameters of the magnetic anisotropic method, such as the principal mechanical stress difference, make it possible to unambiguously establish a quantitative correspondence to the level of stresses operating in the controlled zone. The possibility of determining the correspondence of the level of effective stresses to the value of the principal mechanical stress difference recorded by the StressVision scanner during the inspection of the structure is proven. The paper shows that in order to organize monitoring of the development of ECW using the magnetic anisotropic method it is necessary to monitor periodically changes in the principal mechanical stress difference and its dispersion and when fixing cut-off points, prescribe additional examinations with other more labor-intensive methods. The possibility of organizing monitoring of ECW equipment development based on the use of a pipeline resource forecasting mechanism in accordance with the provisions of regulatory documentation is confirmed.
Safety culture development at an industrial enterprise (on the example of «Atommash» Branch of «AEM-Technologies» JSC in Volgodonsk)
Authors: Popova T. S. , Rudenko V. A. , Popov A. A. , Bondarenko V. A. , Evdoshkina Yu. A.
Published: December 2023

The article chooses Atommash Branch of AEM-Technologies JSC in Volgodonsk as the object of study, which is a supplier of integrated solutions including engineering, design, manufacturing, supply, installation and service of power equipment for nuclear power facilities, thermal power plants, as well as for enterprises of the gas and petrochemical industries. The subject area chosen is safety culture (SC), which the enterprise implements in order to fulfil the strategy of ROSATOM to achieve technological leadership and sovereignty on a global scale. The purpose of the study is to identify the main characteristics of this phenomenon based on the analysis of existing theories and practices of safety culture management and to correlate them with the specifics of the process of implementing the safety culture at the Atommash the branch of JSC AEM-Technologies in Volgodonsk. The theoretical analysis of scientific literature on the research problem, graphical method, statistical data analysis, retrospective analysis and study of local acts of the research object in terms of safety culture provision are the main methods used in writing the paper. The main result of the research is the conclusion that safety culture of the branch as well as its organisational culture, refers to collective values and beliefs. Formation and maintenance of high level of safety culture is achieved by prioritising safety over economic and production goals, ensuring that each employee understands the impact of their activities on safety and the consequences that may result from non-compliance or poor performance of safety culture requirements;#, ensuring that each manager and employee understands the inadmissibility of concealing errors in their activities, the need to identify and eliminate the causes of their occurrence, the need for continuous self-improvement, изучения и внедрения передового опыта.
The Tendency of Quiet Quitting Workers in Terms of Engagement and Well-Being at Work
Authors: Pratiwi Pundani Eki , Stanislaus Sugiyarta , Pratiwi Pradipta Christy
Published: December 2023

This study aims to look at the phenomenon of quite quiting that exists in workers after returning to work activities in the office. This phenomenon is viewed from the engagement and well being of workers in the workplace. Quite quiting itself is a phenomenon that describes the behavior of workers who choose to quit doing work that is not their main job at work, and become less psychologically invested in work. The approach in this study uses quantitative research methods. There were 377 research subjects spread across 21 provinces in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that employee engagement and well being owned by workers are high. This study illustrates that workers are able to psychologically invest both cognitive, emotional and behavioral in the work they do. Even workers feel psychologically prosperous in carrying out work. Based on these results, it appears that the workers in this study show committed behavior in carrying out their jobs.

Keywords: Engagement, Quiet Quiting, Well Being, Worker
Self-Actualization and Anxiety in Early Adult Female Victims of Domestic Violence During Childhood
Authors: Alfahis Fadhilah Umaira , Soetikno Naomi
Published: December 2023

Domestic violence (DV) is one of the forms of violence that affects not only adults but also children. Experiencing or witnessing DV in childhood can have long-term psychological impacts, such as the development of an anxious personality in adulthood. As individuals grow, they need to fulfill specific needs to achieve self-actualization, including safety needs. Individuals with high anxiety are most likely to have a threatened sense of security. Thus, the anxiety is predicted to be related to self-actualization. This research aims to investigate the relationship between self-actualization and anxiety in adult women who were victims of DV during childhood, with a total of 240 early adult women. The data analysis method is quantitative correlational. The findings revealed a correlation coefficient of -0.523 with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a negative correlation between self-actualization and anxiety in early adult women who experienced DV during childhood.

Keywords: Anxiety, Self-Actualization, Domestic Violence
Human and artificial intelligence interaction
Authors: Pypenko I.S.
Published: December 2023

Background and Aim of Study: The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has changed our world forever. No matter what it is that we do, there will always be a place for AI in what we do. Controlling and managing this system of interactions is still within our power. However, the potential and the speed of developing AI-based information technology is so great that we may soon need to concede this primacy. The aim of the study: to justify whether artificial intelligence will become our assistant or, on the contrary, create problems; to identify what needs to be done to build a harmonious Human-AI System of interactions and relationships. Conclusions: It requires the development, ratification and implementation of laws that regulate the norms of interactions and relationships between humans and AI. The first steps have already been taken to legitimise AI-based Chatbots in scientific research and publications. This paper proposes an attribution for a product created by human without the involvement of AI. The use of this attribution helps to protect the individual’s right to their own activities.
المتغيرات النفسية ودورها في انتشار الأيديولوجيات المتطرفة بين طلاب الجامعات
Authors: Mahmoud Alhaj Mahmoud Ferial
Published: December 2023

هدفت هذه الدراسةُ إلى الكشفِ عن الدور الذي تؤديه المتغيراتُ النفسيةُ في انتشار الأيديولوجيات المتطرفة بين طلاب الجامعات، ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة تم استخدام النمذجة بالمعادلات البنائية في بناء نموذج نظري افتراضي للعَلاقة بين التلوث النفسي والتطرف الفكري وقلق المستقبل، وتطبيق مقاييس التلوث النفسي من إعداد رمضان والجباري (2015)، وقلق المستقبل من إعداد شقير (2005)، والتطرف الفكري من إعداد الدوسري وحراحشة (2021)، على (421) من طلبة جامعة جدة خلال العام الجامعي (2022- 2023م)، وأظهرت النتائج تمتع النموذج الافتراضي المقترح بدرجة مناسبة من الصدق والثبات، ووجود علاقة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين التطرف الفكري والتلوث النفسي، وبين التطرف الفكري وقلق المستقبل، وكذلك كانت العَلاقة بين قلق المستقبل والتلوث النفسي دالة إحصائيًّا، وخلصت الدراسة إلى أهمية إجراء مزيد من الأبحاث على متغيرات نفسية أخرى قد يكون لها دور في انتشار التطرف الفكري.
معايير حقوق الإنسان الملزمة في التطبيقات الصحيَّة الرقميَّة
Authors: Balto Ahmed Salah El-Din
Published: December 2023

والتقنية الرقميَّة الحديثة، التي أدت، بلا شك، إلى تطور آليات الرقابة على الأفراد في مجالات مختلفة، مثل: الصحة، فإنه ما زال من المهم التأكد من أن هذا التطور ليس له تأثير سلبي في حقوق الإنسان، ففي جائحة كورونا، على سبيل المثال، تمَّت الاستفادة من التقنية الرقميَّة الحديثة للحد من انتشار الجائحة، مثل: تطبيقات التتبع، وأنظمة المراقبة عن طريق الهواتف الذكية؛ مما استدعى التأكد من التزام هذه التطبيقات والأنظمة بتحقيق الأهداف المنشودة دون تجاوزها. ففي البداية يجب وصف تقنيات الرقابة المستخدمة في مواجهة جائحة كورونا، وتحليلها في ظل تطور أدوات مراقبة الصحة العامة، ومناقشة مدى ملاءمة مثل هذه الأدوات مع حقوق الإنسان. ويتضمن ذلك تقويم الآثار المحتملة على حقوق الإنسان الناجمة عن استخدام تقنيات الصحة الرقميَّة من خلال تحليل مدى اجتيازها اختبارات الضرورة والتناسب التي تنص على أهميتها قواعد حقوق الإنسان.
وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى ضرورة استخدام التطبيقات الصحيَّة الرقميَّة بما يتوافق مع معايير حقوق الإنسان، فعلى الرغم من تأثير بعض هذه التطبيقات في الحقوق والحريات الشخصية، فإن الدراسة تؤكد ضرورة أن تتوافر فيها الشرعيَّة والضرورة والتناسب؛ إذ إن هذه المبادئ تضمن أن استخدام التطبيقات يكون في حدود الهدف الرئيسي منها، المتمثل في السيطرة على الأمراض الوبائيَّة، بدون أي تجاوز على حقوق وحريات الأفراد.