bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tamoxifen protects breast cancer patients from COVID-19: first evidence from real world data
Authors: Bravaccini Sara , Nicolini Fabio , Balzi William , Azzali Irene , Calistri Arianna , Parolin Cristina , Vitiello Adriana , Biasolo Maria Angela , Mazzotti Lucia , Gaimari Anna , Maltoni Roberta , Altini Mattia , Falcini Fabio , Montella Maria Teresa , Nanni Oriana , Ravaioli Sara , Pirini Francesca , Tumedei Maria Maddalena , Cortesi Michela , Zanoni Michele , Cerchione Claudio , Sambri Vittorio , Ibrahim Toni , Martinelli Giovanni , Mazza Massimiliano
Published: June 2021

Background COVID-19 severity is uneven between genders. We hypothesized a role of hormonal therapies in the severity of COVID-19 in breast cancer (BC) patients via the modulation of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility genes. Patients and Methods We mined the Emilia Romagna region (Italy) registries to compare the rates of hospitalization and mortality for COVID-19 in 2020 amongst 24628 BC patients. Next, we analyzed the modulation of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and NRP1 gene expression and the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection by tamoxifen, fulvestrant and 17β-estradiol on human ER+ MCF-7 cells in vitro.Results The hospitalization rate observed for 4784 tamoxifen treated BC patients was the lowest (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.18-0.94; p=0.04) among hormonal therapies and no fatalities occurred. A standard mortality rate reduction has been observed also for patients treated with aromatase inhibitors (SMR: 0.73; 95% CI, 0.45-0.90). In vitro experiments showed that fulvestrant, but not tamoxifen, increases ACE2, TMPRSS2 and NRP1 gene expression and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and that 17β-estradiol reduces significantly TMPRSS2 and NRP1 expression.Conclusions Tamoxifen treated BC patients showed a reduced rate of hospitalization and strikingly no fatalities for COVID-19. In vitro experiments confirmed a protective role of tamoxifen while an increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection of ER+ cells treated with fulvestrant was observed.
Technology Levels in Cassava Cultivation Alter Phytosociology of Weeds
Authors: Werle Isabel Schlegel , Zanon Alencar Junior , Streck Nereu Augusto , Schaedler Carlos Eduardo , Schmidt Dalla Porta Felipe , Facco Barbieri Geovana , da Rosa Ulguim André , Tseng Te Ming
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to assess the phytosociology of weeds as a function of different crop management technology levels in cassava production. Field experiments were conducted in Santa Maria (29°41′03″ S; 53°48′25″ W) and Itaqui (lat. 29°07′31″ S; long. 56°33′11″ W), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Treatments consisted of three technology levels: low (postemergence weeding without basal dressing); medium (weeding performed at 7 and 40 days after planting and fertilization with 6.25, 25, and 25 kg⋅ha−1 of N, P, and K, respectively); and high (postemergence application of s-metolachlor; 1250 kg⋅ha−1 of lime and 12.5, 50, and 50 kg⋅ha−1 of N, P, and K, respectively). Weed frequency, density, relative abundance, and importance values were calculated for each location. Then, locations were compared using a dissimilarity matrix. Weed density and diversity decreased linearly as technology levels increased. The predominant weed species found in Itaqui and Santa Maria belong to the Poaceae family. Itaqui presented highest weed diversity among the locations. The genus Cyperus had the highest importance value index in Santa Maria. The use of S-metolachlor at the high technology level provided a lower frequency and lower diversity of weed species than did levels without chemical control in Itaqui and Santa Maria.
Response of Retail Lawn Seed Products during Acute Drought and Recovery
Authors: Breuillin-Sessoms Florence , Petrella Dominic P. , Sandor Daniel , Bauer Samuel J. , Horgan Brian P.
Published: June 2021

Consumers often have multiple choices when purchasing retail lawn products in stores. In this study, we evaluated the acute drought performance of locally available retail lawn seed products (mixtures or blends) at two mowing heights of 2.5 and 3 inches. We hypothesized that the species present in the products and the height-of-cut differentially influence the drought resistance and recovery of the mixtures and blends. In Fall 2016 and 2017, 28 different products consisting of 25 mixtures and 3 blends of turfgrass seeds were established under a fully automated rainout shelter at the St. Paul campus of the University of Minnesota. The drought treatments lasted for 67 days in 2017, and 52 days in 2018; both the 2017 and 2018 treatments were followed by a recovery period. Data were obtained during acute drought treatments and recovery periods for visual turfgrass quality and green turfgrass cover using digital images of the plots. During the first year, several products displayed higher green stability (or the ability to remain green) at the 3-inch height-of-cut compared with the 2.5-inch height-of-cut. Products with tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) and fine fescue (Festuca sp.) as dominant species generally performed better during the drought treatments, whereas an increasing presence of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) decreased the visual drought performance of the products. During the recovery period, an effect of the interaction between mowing height and the date of data collection on the percentage of green cover was observed: the lower mowing height improved the early recovery of green cover after acute drought. These findings suggest that consumers in the upper midwestern United States and areas with a climate similar climate to that of St. Paul, MN, who are challenged with multiple choices of lawn seed products should choose products containing a higher tall fescue content and adjust their mowing heights to optimize recovery.
A Bibliometric Review of Research on Venture Capital
Authors: Mohamed Cherif Benzouai  , Khalid Djeffal
Published: June 2021

Venture capital is a cross-cutting discipline and research field. This study used bibliometric indicators of publications indexed in Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection over the last two decades to provide an overview of the main characteristics of its publications. A total of 1,840 papers by 2,607 authors in 518 journals were reviewed. The publications were examined in terms of temporal trend, geographical and institutional distribution, references, authors, and citations. The results indicate that the importance of venture capital research is increasing. In terms of impact, a small group of productive countries (e.g., USA and UK) and authors (e.g., Cumming and Wright) contributed to a signi?cant share of these publications. Whereas China is expected to attract more attention to this topic in the future. Harvard University is the most productive institution and the Journal of Business Venturing is the most active journal. By topic, publications that address the contribution of venture capital to entrepreneurship are the most cited. New areas of research have focused especially on the implication of signal theory in venture capital networks, support for decision-makers and crowdfunding as a new investment strategy. Today, the microlevel is the dominant level (compared to the macro-level) in venture capital research. The results of this study aim to contribute to supporting decision making in a venture capital research management context and to serve as a guide for future researchers or evaluators.
Outward FDI and Its Implication on Indonesian Domestic Investment
Authors: Tutik Wiryanti Gondo  , Tajul Ariffin Masron  , Haslindar Ibrahim  , Nik Hadiyan Nik Azman
Published: June 2021

Since becoming a democratic country in the late 1990s, Indonesia has been changing into a more promising countries with a remarkable reduction in poverty by more than 50% during the last decade. To achieve a developed or high-income country, Indonesia must grow by 8% to 9% annually with huge investment is needed in every sector, ranging from infrastructure to human development in the digital era. Apart from strengthening tax revenue collection, Indonesian government must also investigate the role of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) that potentially affects domestic investment in the negative way. Hence, it is the objective of this study to examine the impact of OFDI on Indonesian domestic investment for the period between 1980 and 2018. By applying vector error correction model, we observe that OFDI has significant adverse effect on domestic investment. With current inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) has also never reached to the level prior to the 1997 economic crisis, discouraging the outflows of FDI could be a desirable strategy.
Philosophical Practice in the Light of the “War of the Sexes”
Authors: Stanković Pejnović Vesna
Published: June 2021

Prema Nietzscheovu mišljenju, temeljni je problem između muškarca i žene duboko ukorijenjen u negiranju antagonizma među njima. Muškarac vjeruje da njihov odnos mora biti vječna neprijateljska napetost i neizbježna nepravda. Nietzsche tvrdi da mora postojati rangirajući poredak u kojem je skaliranje vezano za aktivnosti uzimanja, nakupljanja i postajanja boljim zadobivajući moć i nadilazeći uža tumačenja. Ovo rangiranje ne dopušta istovjetnost i ravnopravnost, što su znakovi plitkoće instinkta i gubitka identiteta. Nietzsche podržava različitost i slavi drugotnost. Uspijevanje pojedinca nikada ne može biti ometano pojmom jednakih odnosa. Nietzsche je uvjeren da su ljudi drugačiji i zagovara agon (borba moći) kao model kulturnih i političkih odnosa. Budući da se jednakost ljudskih bića mora sastojati od jednakog iznosa istog svojstva, Nietzsche tu jednakost vidi kao predstavljenu u općoj volji za moć. Nadalje, rodna je razlika također društveno konstruiran način bivanja. To je kreacija muške slike o tome kako bi svijet trebao izgledati. Ako se uključi u terapijski pristup, ova nam perspektiva može baciti novo svjetlo na moguće intervencijske metode u psihoterapiji i filoterapiji podjednako. Spol i spolni odnosi mogu biti izlučeni kao ključan problem koji prevladava u jezgri motivacije za traženje profesionalne terapijske pomoći (psihoterapija), bez obzira na to koji se terapijski pristup u takvoj praksi koristi. Tema je to koja nije dovoljno vukla iz Nietzscheove tradicije. Cilj je rada ponuditi argumente za to da se Nietzscheova perspektiva na »rat spolova« postavi kao produktivan kontekst za psihoterapijsku intervenciju i filozofijsko savjetovanje.
Assessing the financial performance of airlines in the Asia-Pacific region
Authors: C. Huang Carol
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the aviation industry in the Asia-Pacific region has experienced rapid growth. Despite facing thin and volatile profit margins, the region’s airlines continue to expand their capacity by using high financial leverage, raising concerns of whether they are utilizing such financial leverage effectively and how it affects their stock performance. Using the global Malmquist productivity index and the conditional value-at-risk measure, this study investigates the financial performance of 22 Asia-Pacific-based airlines during 2016–2019. The empirical results reveal that only three full-service airlines were able to maintain continued improvement in financial efficiency during the sample period. The excessive use of financial leverage among low-cost carriers is documented. To assess the sources of financial inefficiency, this study decomposed the global Malmquist productivity index into two components: efficiency change and technical change. The results show that while there was a trend toward efficiency catch-up among the carriers, the number of airlines that demonstrated sufficient technical change declined significantly, indicating the need to implement technological innovation to deliver better financial outcomes. Regarding the airline’s stock return performance, airlines that achieved continuously superior performance in deploying financial resources also saw the lowest downside risk in their stock returns, reinforcing the importance of devoting more attention to indebtedness and the effectiveness with which financial resources are used. The findings of this study offer suggestions to airlines in managing their capital structure and enhancing their financial stability.
Migration aspirations of territory population: A case study of Ukraine
Authors: Voznyak Halyna , Mulska Olha , Bil Mariana
Published: June 2021

The level of positive migration aspirations of the population is determined by the unfavorable socio-economic environment and ineffective management of territory development, in particular the level of deprivation, including labor, security and living conditions. The paper aims to assess the impact of different components of deprivation on the spread of migration aspirations and create the landscape of a territory migration capacity. The methodological tool of the study is a sociological survey (a case study of Lviv Oblast, Ukraine) using a questionnaire (self-administration), which covered more than 500 people. Processing of results is carried out using SPSS software. The results of the sociological survey across migration vectors show the cause-effect relation between positive external aspirations and deprivation components. According to the assessment, the EU countries vector (72.0%) has the highest level of positive migration aspirations by income deprivation, and domestic migration vector – the lowest level (41.0%). The highest deprivation levels among socio-economic, environmental, and medical-demographical conditions for ineffective management of Lviv Oblast was detected for educational services with the level of 3.6 out of 5 possible, moderate level – for living and environmental conditions (2.9 each), and the lowest one for medical services (2.7). The spread of deprivation components at the territory according to the level of positive migration aspirations analysis shown that the highest deprivation levels in Lviv Oblast are peculiar to components such as the quality of medical services (43.4%), income (36.5%), and living conditions (35.1%). This study is of practical value for forming landscape of territory migration capacity including weighed migration aspirations and socio-economic deprivation levels.
AcknowledgmentsThe study has been conducted within the framework of Applied Research “Financial determinants of the provision of economic growth in the regions and territorial communities based on behavioral economy” with the support of the National Research Foundation of Ukraine (M. Dolishniy Institute of Regional Research of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the grant Reg. No. 2020.02/0215, 2020-2022).
Treatment of hemorrhoids in a comorbid patient: selection of a preparation of plant origin
Authors: Degovtsov E. N. , Trukhan D. I. , Belkina L. V.
Published: June 2021

Real clinical practice is currently characterized by a significant increase in clinical situations, when it is already difficult to talk about the presence of only one disease in a patient, and in most clinical cases the patient has a combined or concomitant pathology.Hemorrhoidal disease has been known since ancient times and remains one of the most common human diseases. In the acute and initial stages of chronic hemorrhoids, conservative treatment is carried out. Its main goal is to relieve pain and inflammation, normalize blood circulation in the rectum. Given the high prevalence of hemorrhoids and the main risk factors for its development, which are simultaneously important in the development of other diseases and pathological conditions, a patient with hemorrhoids should be considered as a comorbid patient. Drug therapy for a comorbid patient always carries the risk of harm to the patient’s health by the drug itself, designed to resist the disease.Homeopathic medicines should be considered as a drug of choice for topical therapy in the management of uncomplicated forms of external haemorrhoids. In the presented review, the effects of the main components (Calendula officinalis, hamamelis virginiana, Aesculus hippocastanum, Mentholum, Zinci oxydum) of the ointment are considered and it is noted that the main medicinal properties of the combined preparation are anti-inflammatory, regenerating, disinfecting, drying effects. In conclusion, 2 clinical examples are given, indicating the effectiveness of the ointment in comorbid patients in acute and early stages of chronic hemorrhoids.
Management of patients at high risk of developing skin melanoma: organizational and clinical aspects
Authors: Michenko A. V. , Zhukova O. V. , Ostretsova M. N. , Novozhilova O. L.
Published: June 2021

Early diagnosis of skin melanoma is one of the most reliable ways to improve the prognosis for the life of patients with this tumor. Organization of medical care for patients with a high risk of developing melanoma, together with the use of non-invasive diagnostic methods and teaching the patient the principles of prevention and early diagnosis of skin malignancies should improve the survival rates of patients with melanoma. The article discusses the experience of implementing the Organizational model of medical care for patients with skin neoplasms in Moscow, as well as the key rules for managing patients at risk of developing skin melanoma with special emphasis on recommendations to patients for regular self-examination of the skin, lifestyle correction and the use of photoprotective agents.
Experience of applying a multi-component gel based on troxerutin, heparin sodium and dexpanthenol in the rehabilitation of patients after cosmetic procedures
Authors: Ostretsova M. N. , Korenevskaya A. , Kasikhina E. I. , Zhukova O. V.
Published: June 2021

The article reports an up-to-date classification of complications of cosmetic procedures and two clinical cases where multicomponent gel based on troxerutin, heparin sodium and depanthenol was used to rehabilitate patients after cosmetic procedures complicated by ecchymosis, hematomas and edema. In the first case a 30-year-old patient had a procedure to give greater volume to her lips and to correct their asymmetry with hyaluronic acid filler. The procedure was complicated by the formation of hematomas and edema. To minimize the edema and hematomas and to avoid the risk of infection the patient was prescribed 0.05% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine bi-gluconate once per day and taking of multicomponent gel based on troxerutin, heparin sodium and depanthenol two times per day for seven days. By the fifth day there was observed a significant decrease in edema of the lip area and almost complete resorption of hematomas. In the second case a 42-year-old patient had a procedure of a biorevitalization with unstabilized hyaluronic acid complicated by the appearance of ecchymosis up to 12 mm in diameter and edema in the periorbital zone. A 0.05% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine bi-gluconate once per day and a multicomponent gel based on troxerutin, heparin sodium and dexpanthenol twice per day for seven days were prescribed as post-procedural rehabilitation. By the fourth day clinical improvement was noted. The edema disappeared, the color changed, the size of the ecchymosis decreased to 4 mm. The ecchymosis disappeared completely on the sixth day. In addition, the main characteristics of troxerutin, heparin sodium and depanthenol as components of a multicomponent gel were considered. A multicomponent gel based on troxerutin, heparin sodium and depanthenol as supportive aid helped to get complications completely cleaned out and significantly reduced the rehabilitation period for these patients. The authors consider it possible to recommend it as a means of post-procedural rehabilitation.
PPARγ gene expression analysis in psoriasis treatment
Authors: Sobolev V. V. , Soboleva A. G. , Potekaev N. N. , Melnichenko O. O. , Korsunskaya I. M. , Artemyeva S. I.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. PPARγ is the most studied PPAR subtype and is expressed predominantly in adipose tissue, heart, colon, kidney, spleen, intestine, skeletal muscle, liver, macrophages, and skin. In the skin, PPARγ controls the genetic regulation of gene network expression involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and inflammatory responses. PPARγ (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) has only recently come to be considered a key player in the development and pathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic inflammatory conditions.Aim of the study. To study PPARγ gene expression in the affected skin of psoriasis patients in comparison with visually unaffected skin. To study changes in PPARγ gene expression level in psoriasis affected skin in comparison with unaffected skin in patients before and after treatment with low-level laser radiation with a wavelength of 1.27 μm.Materials and methods. Twelve patients with psoriasis participated in the study. Biopsies from unaffected skin areas were taken at a distance of about 3 cm from the affected skin. Analysis was performed by real-time PCR.Results and Discussion. We quantitatively measured PPARγ gene expression using RT-PCR in the affected skin of patients with psoriasis in comparison with visually unaffected skin in the same patients before and after treatment with low-level laser radiation with a wavelength of 1.27 μm (the short-wave part of the infrared range). The study experimentally showed a 1.3 ± 0.27-fold decrease in PPARγ gene expression in the affected skin of psoriasis patients on average. Significant increase in over-expression of PPARγ gene up to 2,13 ± 0,47 times was observed after treatment of patients with low-level laser radiation.Conclusions. PPARγ gene expression may be an indicator of the efficacy of psoriasis treatment at the molecular level, as well as become a new therapeutic target.
Significação do consumo em botecos cariocas: uma análise da experiência na Mureta da Urca
Authors: Araujo Fábio Francisco de , Estrella Thais Barreto , Tonini Karla Andréa Dulce
Published: June 2021

O presente estudo parte da necessidade de se refletir e compreender o processo de construção de significados das práticas de consumo que emergem no contexto de bares e botecos a partir da articulação entre cultura e consumo. Para isso, optou-se por utilizar técnicas do método etnográfico, como observação participante, conversas informais e entrevistas no Bar e Restaurante Urca, considerado Patrimônio Cultural da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A análise é feita sob a perspectiva do Consumer Culture Theory (CCT). As observações permitiram formar diferentes categorias de análise, as quais emergiram da ambientação estruturante das interações e do próprio discurso dos frequentadores a partir do uso dos espaços que são o bar, o restaurante, a mureta e a “pobreta”. Os resultados apontam que o processo de significação pelos diferentes indivíduos frequentadores extrapola a lógica prática e objetiva que poderiam nortear as motivações de escolha para o consumo dos produtos e serviços. Esse processo favoreceu uma análise mais aprofundada sobre a produção de sentidos a partir da “teia de significado” que decorre das práticas no espaço pesquisado.
Convergência da tecnologia e a intenção de consumo no setor automobilístico: uma pesquisa netnográfica
Authors: Arruda Filho Emilio José Montero , Alexandroni Luis Augusto Molina
Published: June 2021

O cenário da convergência tecnológica representado pela conexão do celular do usuário ao sistema de som, a disponibilidade no painel do carro de um GPS e a câmara de auxílio para as manobras traz uma percepção de multifuncionalidade para o processo de decisão de compra dos novos automóveis. Compreender se os fatores tecnológicos influenciam a intenção de consumo no mercado automobilístico brasileiro, quando mediados pelos valores percebidos do produto, foi o objetivo da presente pesquisa. O método de pesquisa foi qualitativo (netnografia) com o auxílio de uma ferramenta de Big Data. Fez-se um levantamento desses fatores motivacionais e observou-se que nas intenções de consumo estão presentes os valores hedônicos, utilitários e sociais, por meio de características como prazer em dirigir, apreciação por tecnologia, economia, racionalidade na decisão de compra, extensão da personalidade e afirmação da personalidade perante o grupo social. Constatou-se também a ocorrência da devoção ao produto e/ou fabricante representada por características como paixão, sonho de consumo e valorização dos diferenciais do automóvel. Os dados analisados foram os comentários postados no Facebook da Fiat, Ford e Volkswagen. Observou-se também a presença de categorias negativas relacionadas à motivação para o consumo como o medo para consumir e a expectativa frustrada após a compra.
Política e gestão de “offsets” em aquisições de defesa: contribuições da experiência internacional para o Brasil
Authors: Augusto Rodolfo Medeiros Felipe , de Sousa Moreira William
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo explora as características dos acordos de compensação comercial, industrial e tecnológica, conhecidos como “offsets”3, praticados internacionalmente. A partir da construção de uma base teórica e conceitual, o trabalho busca depreender da experiência internacional contribuições para o aprimoramento da gestão de offsets no Brasil. Desenvolvido com base em pesquisa de mestrado pelo primeiro autor, sob orientação do segundo, o presente artigo sintetiza subsídios que podem informar a reflexão de atores envolvidos na formulação de normas atinentes às práticas de offset.
Falhar melhor: novos apon- tamentos sobre a palavra salvação
Authors: Eiras Pedro
Published: June 2021

Drift on the meanings of the verb to save. Attempt to conceive a paradoxical, noneconomic use of the word – in which saving approaches loss, knowing how to lose, knowing how to accept the ephemerality of the world.
Star system y la mujer : representaciones de lo femenino en Colombia de 1930 a 1940
Authors:   Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Reyes Sarmiento Claudia Angélica , Beltrán Vega Felipe ,   Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Bermúdez Aguirre Diego Giovanni ,   Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Gallardo Vega Jesús Alfonso ,   Centro de Estudios Gestalt
Published: June 2021

Este libro surgió de procesos vinculados con dos investigaciones relacionadas con la historia del diseño gráfico en Colombia: "Cartel ilustrado en Colombia: década 1930-1940" y "Los heraldos: el poder cultural a través de la gráfica", ambas del Programa de Diseño Gráfico de la Fundación Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano. En dichos trabajos, como coinvestigadora, abordé la imagen desde la mirada del diseño; no obstante, a medida que adelantaba los estudios me enfrenté a una serie de interrogantes sobre la construcción de lo femenino, de las subjetividades y su relación con la producción de discursos visuales propios del diseño gráfico en una época en la que el proceso de modernización del país estaba claramente cimentándose. Por otro lado, desde el contexto histórico —década del treinta—que se trabajó en las dos investigaciones citadas, encontré elementos de análisis en donde se articulaban de forma directa el contexto, la producción de discursos visuales y la construcción de conceptos idealizados sobre lo femenino en Colombia.
HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Among Substance-Using Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents and Young Adults: Baseline Survey of a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Parker Jayelin N , Choi Seul Ki , Bauermeister Jose A , Bonar Erin E , Carrico Adam W , Stephenson Rob
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender individuals are more heavily affected by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) than their cisgender, heterosexual peers. In addition, sexual and gender minorities who use substances are often at a further increased risk of HIV and other STIs. Increasing testing for HIV and other STIs allows this hardly reached population to receive early intervention, prevention, and education.

OBJECTIVE

We explored HIV and STI testing patterns among 414 sexual and gender minority adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 29 years who self-reported substance use and lived in southeastern Michigan.

METHODS

We analyzed data from the baseline survey of a 4-arm randomized controlled trial that aimed to examine the efficacy of a brief substance use intervention for creating gains in engagement in HIV prevention. We fit multinomial logistic regression models to 2 categorical HIV and STI testing variables (lifetime and previous 12 months) based on self-reports of testing (never, STIs only, HIV only, or both). In addition, we compared HIV and STI testing behaviors across demographic characteristics, structural factors, psychosocial barriers, substance use, and sexual behaviors.

RESULTS

Our findings showed that 35.5% (147/414) of adolescents and young adults reported not being tested for either HIV or STIs in the previous year, and less than half (168/414, 40.6%) of the sample achieved the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendation of HIV and STI testing once per year. We observed HIV and STI testing disparities across sociodemographic (eg, sexual identity, education, and income) and health (eg, substance use) correlates. Specifically, cisgender gay men who have sex with men were more likely to report being tested for HIV compared with bisexual men and transgender individuals, who were more likely to be tested for STIs.

CONCLUSIONS

This study illustrates the results of an HIV prevention intervention in southeastern Michigan showing the need for HIV prevention interventions that leverage structural factors, psychosocial barriers, and substance use as key drivers to achieve HIV and STI testing rates to meet the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02945436; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02945436

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/resprot.9414
Pro-fibrotic phenotype of bone marrow stromal cells in Modic type 1 changes
Authors:   Centre of Experimental Rheumatology, Balgrist Campus AG, Lengghalde 5, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland, Heggli I , Epprecht S , Juengel A , Schuepbach R , Farshad-Amacker N , German C , Mengis T , Herger N , Straumann L , Baumgartner S , Betz M , Spirig JM , Wanivenhaus F , Ulrich N , Bellut D , Brunner, F , Farshad M , Distler O , Dudli S
Published: June 2021

Modic type 1 changes (MC1) are painful vertebral bone marrow lesions frequently found in patients suffering from chronic low-back pain. Marrow fibrosis is a hallmark of MC1. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are key players in other fibrotic bone marrow pathologies, yet their role in MC1 is unknown. The present study aimed to characterise MC1 BMSCs and hypothesised a pro-fibrotic role of BMSCs in MC1. BMSCs were isolated from patients undergoing lumbar spinal fusion from MC1 and adjacent control vertebrae. Frequency of colony-forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F), expression of stem cell surface markers, differentiation capacity, transcriptome, matrix adhesion, cell contractility as well as expression of pro-collagen type I alpha 1, α-smooth muscle actin, integrins and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) were compared. More CFU-F and increased expression of C-X-C-motif-chemokine 12 were found in MC1 BMSCs, possibly indicating overrepresentation of a perisinusoidal BMSC population. RNA sequencing analysis showed enrichment in extracellular matrix proteins and fibrosis-related signalling genes. Increases in pro-collagen type I alpha 1 expression, cell adhesion, cell contractility and phosphorylation of FAK provided further evidence for their pro-fibrotic phenotype. Moreover, a leptin receptor high expressing (LEPRhigh) BMSC population was identified that differentiated under transforming growth factor beta 1 stimulation into myofibroblasts in MC1 but not in control BMSCs. In conclusion, pro-fibrotic changes in MC1 BMSCs and a LEPRhigh MC1 BMSC subpopulation susceptible to myofibroblast differentiation were found. Fibrosis is a hallmark of MC1 and a potential therapeutic target. A causal link between the pro-fibrotic phenotype and clinical characteristics needs to be demonstrated.
SHORT-TERM SPACE WEATHER FORECASTING BASED ON THE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING METHOD
Authors:   ANASTASIA SERGEEVNA NADTOCHY Amur State University, NADTOCHY ANASTASIA SERGEEVNA , FOMIN DMITRIY VLADIMIROVICH ,   DMITRIY VLADIMIROVICH FOMIN Amur State University
Published: June 2021

The paper presents information on the results of short-term space weather forecasting for the Vostochny cosmodrome based on data on the electron flux density with energies above 2 MeV received from satellites from the operator's site of the Space Weather Forecast Center of the Moscow State University Institute of Nuclear Physics. The analysis of the calculated data on the level of near-Earth radiation, as a result of the use of various extrapolation methods, showed that the method of exponential smoothing is most effective for short-term space weather forecasting. Such forecasts can be used when planning launches of launch vehicles from spaceports.
The Crimean War of 1853-1856 in the Memory Space of Russia and France
Authors: Malinowski Pierre , Linkova Elena V.
Published: June 2021

On the example of commemoration of various wars and key historical events, it is possible to reconstruct and comprehend the value orientations of states at certain phases of their development. In this article, we propose to turn to the Crimean War of 1853-1856, which was reflected in the historical memory of the two participating countries - Russia and France. With such a comparative approach, attention is drawn to different levels of commemoration of this event: we are talking about scientific research on the Crimean campaign, about the people's memory of generations, about state and political practices. The authors analyze these aspects and identify which of them are most widespread in Russia and Europe, so that the memory of the Crimean War is preserved in modern society. The authors analyze the phenomenon of the forgotten war - a term that has entered the scientific lexicon of the French community and is used to describe the campaign of 1854-1856. The study of the problem makes it possible to answer an important question: why do certain traditions of memory exist, whether they help to form a certain consciousness, value attitudes.
Sin abuso: participación de México en el déficit comercial de Estados Unidos
Authors: Lagunas Puls Sergio , Cervantes Bello Carmen Lilia
Published: June 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo es ofrecer argumentos sólidos para las negociaciones internacionales de México con Estados Unidos. A través de criterios clásicos y de metaanálisis, se evidenciarán los niveles de significancia en los déficits comerciales de Estados Unidos de América a lo largo de 15 años, y se demostrará contundentemente la ausencia de razón en las consideraciones negativas del presidente Donald Trump hacia México.
Redesigning Family Medicine Training to Meet the Emerging Health Care Needs of Patients and Communities:
Authors: Kahn Norman B.
Published: June 2021

This paper reflects a vision of how family medicine residency training will be redesigned to prepare graduates to meet the health care needs of their patient populations and regional communities. Family physicians are needed to serve as personal physicians and as the patient’s usual source of care, as recognized in historic documents that have defined the specialty’s enduring role in society as the foundation of the health care system. Modern residency practices will include residents as junior partners and members of multidisciplinary faculty teams. Residency practices will measure and improve care consistent with the triple aim: enhancing the experience of care for patients, improving outcomes of care for populations, and reducing waste and the cost of care in the system.Curricula will include core elements of the roles of family physicians, including the development of therapeutic relationships with patients and families, recognizing patients’ needs and expectations, professionalism, the identification and management of acute and chronic illness, maternity care, and the care of hospitalized patients. Also included will be emerging expectations of family physicians, including team roles, expanded care through telehealth and patient portals, identifying and intervening in modifiable social determinants of health, addressing structural racism, closing gaps of inequitable care for their patient populations, managing addiction as a treatable chronic illness, improving performance through clinical data registries, personalized medicine, and leadership. Wellness and assurance of a satisfying career will be a priority focus of preparation for career-long practice. Residents will become competent in the comprehensive scope of practice needed to serve in the role of continuous personal physician on multidisciplinary teams that serve as the usual source of care for populations in regions where the residencies are located.
Respuesta inmune en neonatos bovinos de madres vacunadas y no vacunadas con bacterina contra neumoenteritis
Authors: Castrillón Rodríguez María Inés , Campos Gaona Rómulo
Published: June 2021

Contextualización: La diarrea neonatal es una patología común en terneros, causa alta mortalidad y disminución de la productividad ganadera.
Vacío de investigación: Una propuesta para su control es inmunizar las madres contra enteropatógenos, lo cual no ha sido suficientemente investigado en nuestro medio.
 Propósito del estudio: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar indicadores de inmunidad pasiva en neonatos bovinos, nacidos de vacas vacunadas con una bacterina comercial contra neumoenteritis en el último tercio de la gestación.
Metodología: Veintiún vacas gestantes mestizas fueron distribuidas en tres grupos: T1, control; T2, aplicación de una dosis del biológico 30 días preparto y T3 aplicación de dos dosis a los 30 y 15 preparto; un cuarto grupo T4 para evaluar inmunidad activa, fue conformado por neonatos vacunados a las 24 horas de vida. El período experimental para las vacas comprendió entre 30 días preparto hasta el parto; para los terneros entre 24 y 72 horas pos nacimiento. En las crías se analizaron indicadores del metabolismo proteico e inmunoglobulinas (Ig).
Resultados y conclusiones: En las vacas se analizó la calidad del calostro, cinco indicadores del metabolismo proteico y el cortisol como modulador inmune, éstos no presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas entre tratamientos, excepto AST en el T3. En los neonatos la IgA e IgG no presentaron diferencias significativas ni para tratamientos ni para tiempo. Tanto la IgM como la albúmina presentaron significancia entre tratamientos, mientras que globulinas y proteínas totales lo hicieron solo para el efecto tiempo. No se evidenció efecto de la bacterina, ni se encontró falla en la transferencia de inmunidad pasiva.
Rizobacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal (PGPR): una revisión sistemática 1990-2019
Authors: Posada Castaño Anny Melissa , Mejía Durango Diana Patricia , Polanco-Echeverry Diana , Cardona-Arias Jaiberth Antonio
Published: June 2021

Contextualización: Actualmente se utilizan grandes cantidades de agroquímicos para aumentar la productividad agrícola, lo cual ha acarreado múltiples problemáticas ambientales que podrían subsanarse con el uso de rizobacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal (PGPR, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria), fomentando a una agricultura sostenible.

Vacío de conocimiento: La información se encuentra dispersa y a la fecha no existe un análisis sistemático que permita una descripción precisa de las investigaciones sobre PGPR, lo cual representa una limitación para el desarrollo de investigaciones experimentales posteriores.

Objetivos: Describir las principales aplicaciones de las PGPR en investigaciones originales del ámbito mundial.

Metodología: La revisión sistemática fue realizada en tres bases de datos multidisciplinarias siguiendo las recomendaciones Cochrane y PRISMA. Se garantizó exhaustividad, reproducibilidad y evaluación de la calidad. Los análisis se basaron en frecuencias e intervalos de confianza del 95% para las proporciones.

Resultados y conclusiones: Se identificaron 2.525 estudios y sólo 160 cumplieron el protocolo de selección. La mayoría de estudios proceden de la India, los principales géneros microbianos descritos fueron Bacillus, Pseudomonas y Enterobacter, los mecanismos PGPR más investigados fueron producción de ácido indolacético (AIA), solubilización de fosfato, antagonismo y producción de sideróforos. Las especies vegetales más frecuentes en los estudios fueron maíz, tomate, trigo y arroz, en las cuales los principales efectos de las PGPR se relacionaron peso y longitud de la raíz y la planta en general. Se concluye que esta revisión identificó los géneros de PGPR, mecanismos de acción PGPR y especies vegetales de mayor frecuencia en los estudios, variables útiles para resumir la evidencia en este campo e identificar las principales líneas de acción en futuras investigaciones tendientes a mejorar la salud, producción de cultivos y sostenibilidad ambiental.
Theft of public assets in developing countries and the ineffective legal frameworks on cross-border asset tracing and confiscation
Authors: Iheme Williams C.
Published: June 2021

In most developing countries with weak rule of law and fledgling democratic institutions, theft of public assets by public office holders is rampant and has a strong correlation with the excruciating level of poverty and underdevelopment that besiege these countries (Ijewereme, 2013). While a myriad number of reasons may be responsible for this situation, the absence of a mature legal framework as well as the scant availability of sufficiently trained government personnel to trace and recover stolen assets, hidden domestically and abroad, arguably remain contributory factors. Granted that corrupt public office holders are typically enabled by porous (domestic) legal frameworks that provide them wide escape routes for their crimes, contestably however, the laws bordering on confiscation of assets in many foreign countries (safe havens) seem intentionally designed to frustrate any recovery of stolen assets by developing countries. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the rate of stealing public assets by public office holders in developing countries is foreseen to rise astronomically and is likely to deepen their existing levels of poverty and hopelessness (Ayode, 2020). Using Nigeria as an example of a developing country, the paper critically examines the underlying defects in the cross-border legal framework on asset recovery and confiscation and proffers suggestions on how these defects could be remedied.
A new “ASAP Scoring System and Risk Table” in patients with Atypical Small Acinar Proliferation (ASAP) to predict the second prostate biopsy outcomes
Authors: Ediz Caner , Akan Serkan , Terzi Neslihan Kaya , Ihvan Aysenur
Published: June 2021

Background: To discuss the necessity of the second prostate biopsy in
the patients with atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) and to
develop a scoring system and risk table as a new re-biopsy criteria.
Methods: 2845 patients who were performed transrectal
ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy between January 2008 and May 2019
were evaluated. 128 patients, whose data were reached, were enrolled
into the study. Before the first and the second biopsy, tPSA, fPSA,
f/tPSA rate and PSA-Density assessment and changes in these parameters
between the two biopsies were recorded. “ASAP Scoring System and risk
table” (ASS-RT) was evaluated before the second biopsy. Results: The
mean age of 128 patients with ASAP was 62.9±7.8 years. The ASS-RT scores
of the patients with PCa were statistically significantly higher than
the patients with non-PCa (p: 0.001). In the ROC curve analysis of
ASS-RT, area under the curve was 0.804 and the standard error was 0.04.
The area under the ROC curve was significantly higher than 0.5
(p:0.001). The cut-off point of ASS-RT score in diagnosis of malignancy
was ≥ 7. The sensitivity of this value was found to be 60.8% and its
specificity as 80.5%. Conclusions: The threshold value for the ASS-RT
score may be used as 7 and the second biopsy may be performed
immediately to patients over this value. We think that there may be no
need for a second biopsy if the ASS-RT score under the 7 (especially
low-risk group) before the second biopsy.
Theoretical Insight into 20-Electron Transition-Metal Complexes (C5H5)2TM(E1E2)2 (TM = Cr, Mo, W; E1E2 = CO, N2, BF): Stabilities, Electronic Structures, and Bonding Nature
Authors: Xu Song , Li Mengyang , Pei Gerui , Zhao Xintian , Xu Jianzhi , Kong Chuncai , Yang Zhimao , Yang Tao
Published: June 2021

A systematic first-principles study is performed to investigate the
20-electron transition metal complexes
(CH)TM(EE)
(TM = Cr, Mo, W; EE = CO,
N, BF). The bond dissociation energy (De) based on
(CH)TM(EE)
→
(CH)TM(EE)
+ EE indicates much lower
thermodynamic stability of
(CH)TM(N)
because of poor binding ability of N ligands. For the
thermodynamic stable
(CH)TM(EE)
complexes (TM = Cr, Mo, W; EE = CO,
BF), their 20-electron nature is derived from their occupied nonbonding
molecular orbital mainly donated by ligands. Furthermore, charge
transfer from TMs to the CH ligands is
revealed by the atoms in molecules (AIM) theory, leading to the positive
charges of the TM atoms. On the other hand, the nature of the
TM-E bond has been thoroughly analyzed by the energy
decomposition analysis (EDA) method. The absolute value of interaction
energies (|ΔE|) between
(CH)TM(EE)
and EE has the same trend as the
corresponding bond dissociation energy and Wiberg bond orders of
TM-E bonds, following the order W > Mo
> Cr with same ligands and BF > CO with same
TM. Additionally, the largest contribution to the
ΔE values is the repulsive term
ΔE. Similar contributions from covalent and
electrostatic terms to the TM-E bonds were found, which
can be described as the classic dative bond with nearly same σ and π
contributions. The stronger σ donations and π backdonations in
(CH)TM(BF)
than in
(CH)TM(CO)
indicate much more stability of
(CH)TM(BF).
Non-algorithms for Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Mueller Shane , Hoffman Robert , Klein Gary , Mamun Tauseef , Jalaeian Mohammadreza
Published: June 2021

The field of Explainable AI (XAI) has focused primarily on algorithms
that can help explain decisions and classification and help understand
whether a particular action of an AI system is justified. These
\emph{XAI algorithms} provide a variety of means for
answering a number of questions human users might have about an AI.
However, explanation is also supported by
\emph{non-algorithms}: methods, tools, interfaces, and
evaluations that might help develop or provide explanations for users,
either on their own or in company with algorithmic explanations. In this
article, we introduce and describe a small number of non-algorithms we
have developed. These include several sets of guidelines for
methodological guidance about evaluating systems, including both
formative and summative evaluation (such as the self-explanation
scorecard and stakeholder playbook) and several concepts for generating
explanations that can augment or replace algorithmic XAI (such as the
Discovery platform, Collaborative XAI, and the Cognitive Tutorial). We
will introduce and review several of these example systems, and discuss
how they might be useful in developing or improving algorithmic
explanations, or even providing complete and useful non-algorithmic
explanations of AI and ML systems.