bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endothelial-specific deficiency of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-C promotes vessel normalisation in proliferative retinopathy
Authors: Ameln Anne Klotzsche-von , Korovina Irina , Sprott David , Samus Maryna , Gercken Bettina , Troullinaki Maria , Grossklaus Sylvia , Funk Richard H. , Li Xuri , Imhof Beat A. , Orlova Valeria V. , Chavakis Triantafyllos , Economopoulou Matina , Avramovic Nemanja
Published: August 2015

In proliferative retinopathies, like proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the hypoxia response is sustained by the failure of the retina to revascularise its ischaemic areas. Non-resolving retina ischaemia/hypoxia results in upregulation of proangiogenic factors and pathologic neovascularisation with ectopic, fragile neovessels. Promoting revascularisation of the retinal avascular area could interfere with this vicious cycle and lead to vessel normalisation. Here, we examined the function of endothelial junctional adhesion molecule-C (JAM-C) in the context of ROP. Endothelial-specific JAM-C-deficient (EC-JAM-C KO) mice and littermate JAM-C-proficient (EC-JAM-C WT) mice were subjected to the ROP model. An increase in total retinal vascularisation was found at p17 owing to endothelial JAM-C deficiency, which was the result of enhanced revascularisation and vessel normalisation, thereby leading to significantly reduced avascular area in EC-JAM-C KO mice. In contrast, pathologic neovessel formation was not affected by endothelial JAM-C deficiency. Consistent with improved vessel normalisation, tip cell formation at the interface between vascular and avascular area was higher in EC-JAM-C KO mice, as compared to their littermate controls. Consistently, JAM-C inactivation in endothelial cells resulted in increased spreading on fibronectin and enhanced sprouting in vitro in a manner dependent on β1-integrin and on the activation of the small GTPase RAP1. Together, endothelial deletion of JAM-C promoted endothelial cell sprouting, and consequently vessel normalisation and revascularisation of the hypoxic retina without altering pathologic neovascularisation. Thus, targeting endothelial JAM-C may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for promoting revascularisation and vessel normalisation in the treatment of proliferative retinopathies.
Targeted intracellular accumulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the reperfused heart mediates cardioprotection
Authors: Pohl Julia , Hendgen-Cotta Ulrike R. , Rammos Christos , Luedike Peter , Mull Elena , Stoppe Christian , Jülicher Karen , Lue Hongqi , Merx Marc , Kelm Malte , Bernhagen Jürgen , Rassaf Tienush
Published: August 2015

S-nitrosation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been shown to be cytoprotective in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Since the exact mechanism of action is unknown, we here characterise the cardioprotective effects of targeted intracellular accumulation of MIF in myocardial I/R injury. We used different in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro models of myocardial I/R and hypoxia/reoxyge-nation (H/R) injury to determine MIF levels by immunoblots and ELISA in different phases of reperfusion and reoxygenation, respectively. We discovered a rapid decrease of cardiac MIF that was specific to the early phase of reperfusion. Posttranslational modification of MIF via S-nitrosation – proofed by a modified version of the Biotin Switch Assay – prevented this rapid decrease, leading to a targeted intracellular accumulation of MIF in the early phase of reperfusion. Intracellular MIF accumulation preserved the intracellular ability of MIF to reduce oxidative stress as shown by hydrogen peroxide and aconitase activity measurements. Infarct size measurements by TTC staining showed an overall enhanced cardioprotective effect of this protein by reduction of reperfusion injury. In summary, we have unravelled a novel mechanism of MIF-mediated cardioprotection. Targeted intra-cellular accumulation of MIF by S-nitrosation may offer a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of myocardial I/R-injury.
RESTRIÇÕES ORÇAMENTÁRIAS E ENTREGA DE VALOR: SINERGIAS ENTRE BIM E CUSTEIO-META
Authors: Morais Marcelo De , Granja Ariovaldo Denis , Ruschel Regina Coeli
Published: August 2015

O Target costing ou o Custeio-meta (CM) é uma abordagem que teve sua origem na indústria manufatureira. Tem como objetivo proporcionar a redução de custo, sem diminuir a qualidade e valor do produto aos olhos do cliente e começou a ser utilizada na indústria da construção civil em diversos países. Um aspecto relevante para sua implementação na indústria da construção civil é a qualidade da informação e interação das equipes nas fases iniciais de um empreendimento. O uso da Modelagem de Informação da Construção (BIM) permite a extração de informações de forma rápida e precisa no início da elaboração do projeto, por exemplo na forma de quantitativos e custos. O artigo tem como objetivo explorar a sinergia existente entre o CM e o BIM, apontando quais os benefícios proporcionados por essa união. Este é um estudo secundário por meio de revisão de literatura de estudos primários sobre CM e BIM, visando sintetizar os resultados e explorar a possível sinergia do uso integrado destas abordagens. Os resultados evidenciam os aspectos positivos dessa utilização conjunta. As conclusões apontam para diversos benefícios e estratégias para que ocorra essa sinergia, tais como a quantificação automática, a avaliação de alternativas de custos e a integração das equipes em novas formas de contratação.
ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO COMPARATIVO DA EFICÁCIA ENTRE PROTÓTIPOS FÍSICO, ANALÍTICO 2D E 3D NA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE INCONSISTÊNCIAS DE PROJETOS
Authors: Pereira Lucas Melchiori , Saffaro Fernanda Aranha , Hirota Ercilia Hitomi , Saito Celso
Published: August 2015

O protótipo é um recurso valioso ao processo de desenvolvimento de um produto (PDP), pois permite melhorar tanto o conhecimento e o desempenho do produto como a confiabilidade acerca do produto e dos processos relacionados a seu desenvolvimento e produção. Particularmente na indústria do ambiente construído, o desenvolvimento de protótipos físicos apresenta algumas restrições inerentes ao caráter único de seu produto. Entende-se que a prototipagem física de apartamentos tipo, atualmente utilizada para resolução de inconsistências de projeto, pode ser aproveitada com mais eficácia na melhoria dos processos produtivos em canteiro de obra desde que aquelas inconsistências, que são o foco atual, sejam mitigadas com a incorporação da prototipagem virtual ao PDP do ambiente construído. Esta incoporação é atualmente viável a partir de ferramentas BIM.  O objetivo neste artigo é discutir a capacidade das prototipagens física focada, analítica 3D e 2D para identificar inconsistências  nos projetos executivos, com base nos resultados obtidos em um estudo exploratório que confronta o desempenho desses protótipos. Neste estudo foram compostas equipes distintas para o desenvolvimento das 3 tipologias de protótipos e foram definidos critérios para avaliação da eficácia dos mesmos na detecção de inconsistências. Os resultados apontam os benefícios da modelagem BIM em termos de eficácia, custos e prazo.
Characterization of the Left-Sided Substrate in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Berte Benjamin , Denis Arnaud , Amraoui Sana , Yamashita Seigo , Komatsu Yuki , Pillois Xavier , Sacher Frédéric , Mahida Saagar , Wielandts Jean-Yves , Sellal Jean-Marc , Frontera Antonio , Al Jefairi Nora , Derval Nicolas , Montaudon Michel , Laurent François , Hocini Mélèze , Haïssaguerre Michel , Jaïs Pierre , Cochet Hubert
Published: August 2015

Background—

The correlates of left ventricular (LV) substrate in arrhythmogenic right ventricular (RV) cardiomyopathy are largely unknown.

Methods and Results—

Thirty-two patients with arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy (47±14 years; 6 women) were included. RV and LV dysplasia were defined from multidetector computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Arrhythmias were characterized as right-sided or left-sided on 12-lead ECG recordings at baseline and during isoproterenol testing. In 14 patients, the imaging substrate was compared with voltage mapping and local abnormal ventricular activity. Imaging abnormalities were found in 32 (100%) and 21 (66%) patients on the RV and LV, respectively, intramyocardial fat on multidetector computed tomography being the most sensitive feature. LV involvement related to none of the Task Force criteria. Right-sided arrhythmias were more frequent than left-sided arrhythmias (
P
=0.003) although the latter were more frequent in case of LV involvement (
P
=0.02). The agreement between low voltage and fat on multidetector computed tomography was high on the RV when using either endocardial unipolar or epicardial bipolar data (κ=0.82 and κ=0.78, respectively) but lower on the LV (κ=0.54 for epicardial bipolar). LV local abnormal ventricular activity was found in all patients with LV involvement, and none of the others. The density of local abnormal ventricular activity within fat areas was similar between the RV and LV (
P
=0.57).

Conclusions—

LV substrate is frequent in arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy, but poorly identified by current diagnostic strategies. Left-sided arrhythmias are more frequent in case of LV involvement. LV fat hosts the same density of local abnormal ventricular activity as RV fat, but is less efficiently detected by voltage mapping. These results support the need for alternative diagnostic strategies to identify LV dysplasia.
The Changing Dynamics of International Lawmaking: Trying Heads of State for Rape and Sexual Violence
Authors: Marochkin Sergey Y. , Nelaeva Galina A.
Published: August 2015

New ways of international lawmaking have been largely attributed to the changing nature of international relations, with new actors actively participating in domains traditionally reserved for States. The issue of judges as lawmakers is especially relevant in the international criminal justice domain, where new institutions are being set up. One of the well-covered matters in academic literature has been the prosecution of rape and sexual violence as an example of judicial activism and as a result of the complex relationships between States, international organizations and ngos, as well as the epistemic community of legal professionals. However, trying heads of State for international crimes has been a relatively recent phenomenon. Among a number of trials held worldwide, the trial of the former Liberian President Charles Taylor deserves special attention, not only because it is a finished trial, but also because Taylor was tried for such crimes as rape and sexual violence.
Case Admissibility at the International Criminal Court
Authors: Hamilton Tomas
Published: August 2015

The existing jurisprudence of the icc establishes a two-step test for determining challenges to the admissibility of a case under Article 17 of the Rome Statute, now further solidified by an Appeals Chamber judgment in Simone Gbagbo. Notably, this is an area of the jurisprudence that does not suffer from excessive fragmentation. The Court has consistently required “substantially the same conduct” for a finding of parity between its own case and the case under investigation or prosecution by domestic authorities. Different outcomes in Al-Senussi and Gaddafi are attributable to factual differences, leaving intact the fundamental approach of the Court to the “inability” and “unwillingness” aspects of complementarity. Although novel fact patterns may pose future challenges to the coherence of this approach, the core principles of case admissibility are now well established, increasing legal certainty for States and individuals who seek to challenge the admissibility of cases before the Court.
The Political Realism of the Egyptian Elite: A Comparison between The Teaching For Merikare and Niccolò Machiavelli’s Il Principe
Authors: Langer Christian
Published: August 2015

A comparison betweenThe Teaching for MerikareandNiccolò Machiavelli’sIl Principeproduces some astonishing results. WhileMachiavelli’s treatise is generally thought to be representative of the dawn of modern Western political realism, its essential properties are already present inMerikare. This includes the firm belief in strong authority, the fallibility of man, the need to appease the masses, and, if necessary, the demand to repress any developing threat to the power of the elite. In terms of the history of political thoughtMerikareis placed between the works of the moral realism of Greek philosophers like Plato and the political realism of Thucydides andMachiavelli. With the latter being heavily influenced by ancient authors, questions regarding the genesis of Greek political thought can be asked. It may well be that Greek political thought was, at least indirectly, influenced by Egyptian political thought.
Additions to the bryophyte flora of Réunion (East African Islands)
Authors: Müller Frank
Published: August 2015

Nineteen species of bryophytes are reported for the first time for Réunion. Especially remarkable are the first African record of Anastrophyllum leucocephalum (Tayl.) Steph. and the first records for the East African Islands of Cephaloziella cf. vaginans Steph., Fossombronia foveolata Lindb., Riccia huebeneriana Lindenb., Barbula unguiculata Hedw., Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Schwägr., Chenia leptophylla (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander, Dicranella subsubulata (Hampe ex Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger, Ditrichum punctulatum Mitt., Physcomitrium spathulatum (Hornsch.) Müll.Hal. var. spathulatum and Trichostomum crispulum Bruch var. crispulum. Brachymenium gemmiferum A.J.Shaw & W.R.Buck is regarded as synonymous with Brachymenium exile (Dozy & Molk.) Bosch & Sande Lac.
New records of bryophytes for Pernambuco State, Brazil
Authors: Pôrto Kátia Cavalcanti , Germano Shirley Rangel , De Oliveira Sylvia Mota
Published: August 2015

The known geographical distribution of 12 bryophyte species is extended by confirmation of their presence in the state of Pernambuco. Leptoscyphus porphyrius (Nees) Grolle, Harpalejeunea uncinata Steph., Chryso-hypnum diminutivum (Hampe) Buck and Porotrichum korthalsianum (Dozy & Molk.) Mitt. are new to northeastern Brazil. The material studied was collected in remnants of Atlantic Forest situated at altitudes of 100-1.100m. The principal taxonomic characteristics are cited, with ecological and distributional commentary provided.
Revision der Gattung Rhabdoweisia (Musci, Dicranaceae)

Authors: Frahm Jan-Peter , Ahmed Jasmine , Hagen Melanie , Peles Mirela
Published: August 2015

The species included in Rhabdoweisia were revised. Rhabdoweisia lineata Richards et Argent is regarded as synonymous with R. fugax (Hedw.) B.S.G. and R. collenchymatica (J.Fröhlich) Eddy with R. crispata (With). R. fugax is lectotypified.
New and Biogeographically Noteworthy Records of Philippine Mosses from Mindanao Island

Authors: Tan Benito C , Lubos Lesley , Schwarz Uwe
Published: August 2015

Sixteen new records of Philippine mosses, namely, Acroporium ramicola, Atractylocarpus comosus, Campylopus flagelliferus, Ectropothecium ptychofolium, Fissidens guangdongensis, Garovaglia bauerlenii, Holomitrium stenobasis, Hypnodendron auricomum, Leucobryum boninense, Macromitrium archboldii, Meiotheciella papillosa, Neolindbergia cladomnioides, Rhynchostegiella vriesei, Schlotheimia emarginato-pilosa, Symphysodontella parvifolia and Trichosteleum singapurense are reported. Atractylocarpus and Meiotheciella are two new generic records for the country. Additional Mindanao records of five uncommon mosses in the Philippines, i.e., Claopodium assurgens, Cryptogonium phyllogonioides, Erpodium biseriatum, Meiothecium bogoriense fo tenuissima and Papillaria leuconeura, are also reported.
Altitudinal additamenta to the uppermost ranges of mosses in Ecuador

Authors: Kuc Marian
Published: August 2015

Of the 26 mosses listed in this report Amblystegium varium, Calliergonella cuspidata, Chrysoblastella chilensis, Drepanocladus aduncus, D. revolvens, Racomitium geronticum, and Scorpidium turgescens are new to the Ecuador moss-flora. The others listed provide updated reports on what was previously stated as their highest altitudinal ranges in both this country and the Neotropics. The taxonomic status of Drepanoclaus leitensis, D. polycarpus, Hypnum lacunosum and Racomitrium geronticum are discussed. Collections were made at: Chimborazo Volcano 4700-5200m, Cotopaxi Volcano 3900-4500m, Laguna Toreadore - peak of Patul Mt. 3800-4500m and on N. Tungurahua Mt., close to the tree limit at ca. 3800m.
New species and additional records of Tetrabothrus Bernhauer from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)
Authors: YAN ZHU-QI , LI LI-ZHEN
Published: August 2015

Material of the lomechusine genus Tetrabothrus Bernhauer, 1915 from China was studied. A new species is described and illustrated under the name T. xizangensis Z.-Q. Yan and L.-Z. Li, sp. nov. (Xizang). Tetrabothrus japonicus is reported in China for the first time, and the new locality for T. puezti and T. inflexus are given. All Chinese species are mapped, and an identification key is provided.
A new species of the genus Tameothrips Bhatti (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) with four new records of thrips from India
Authors: TYAGI KAOMUD , KUMAR VIKAS , CHAUHAN NEENA
Published: August 2015

A new thrips species of the grass-inhabiting Anaphothrips genus-group, Tameothrips arundo sp. n., is described from specimens collected on Arundo donax (Poaceae) from high altitude in Himachal Pradesh State of India. Four species of thrips in two subfamilies of family Thripidae are also reported for the first time from India, all of them well outside their known range: Helionothrips aino Ishida and Panchaetothrips noxius Priesner in the Panchaetothripinae, and Parabaliothrips takahashii Priesner and Scirtothrips kenyensis Mound in the Thripinae. This is the first record of Parabaliothrips Priesner from India. Diagnostic features and data on material studied for these species are provided.
Amamiichthys, a new genus for the sparid fish Cheimerius matsubarai Akazaki 1962, and redescription of the species, with designation of a neotype
Authors: TANAKA FUMIYA , IWATSUKI YUKIO
Published: August 2015

A new genus, Amamiichthys, is proposed for the sparid fish Cheimerius matsubarai Akazaki 1962. This genus differs from all other genera in the family Sparidae by the following combination of characters: both jaws with an outer row of small molariform teeth and an inner row of similar, even smaller teeth; frontal bone flat, coarse and porous; strongly bifurcate protuberance of upper ethmoid just beneath mid-region of anteriormost portion of frontal bone; head and body pinkish, gradually becoming silvery toward abdomen, with many small blue spots, some pairs overlapping. The type species, Amamiichthys matsubarai, is redescribed and a neotype designated.
Palearctic species of the genus Tephritis (Diptera, Tephritidae) associated with plants of the tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae)
Authors: KORNEYEV SEVERYN V. , KHAGHANINIA SAMAD , NAMIN SAEED MOHAMADZADE , ZARGHANI EBRAHIM
Published: August 2015

Tephritis arnicae (Linnaeus, 1758) from Europe was the hitherto only Palearctic species of the genus Tephritis known to infest flowerheads of asteraceous plants of the tribe Senecioneae. An additional species with similar biology, Tephritis arsenii, new species, recently discovered in Iran and Armenia is described. It is very similar to T. arnicae in the shape of the aculeus and spermathecae, as well as the wing with darkened anal lobe and abdominal tergites with black setulae, but differs from it by the white posterior orbital and notopleural setae, and also by details of the wing pattern. Larvae of T. arsenii feed in flowerheads of Doronicum dolichotrichum Cavill of the tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae).
Review of Oribotritia (Acari, Oribatida, Oribotritiidae) with a world checklist and description of a new species from China
Authors: LIU DONG
Published: August 2015

The oribatid mite genus Oribotritia Jacot, 1924 (Oribotritiidae) is reviewed. A new species of Oribotritia collected from litter in Hunchun, China, Oribotritia hunchunensis sp. nov., is described and figured. Four species, Oribotritia angusta Mahunka, 1982, Oribotritia asiatica Hammer, 1977, Oribotritia chichijimensis Aoki, 1980, Oribotritia gigas Bayoumi & Mahunka, 1979, are redescribed based on Chinese specimens. Oribotritia nepalensis Niedbała, 2000 is considered as a new junior subjective synonym of Oribotritia gigas Bayoumi & Mahunka, 1979. A comprehensive, fully annotated and referenced checklist of all known species and a key to known Chinese species of this genus are provided to facilitate to the further research.
Oligoneuria (Yawari) anatina sp. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Oligoneuriidae) from the extreme north of Brazil
Authors: MASSARIOL FABIANA CRISTE , CRUZ PAULO VILELA
Published: August 2015

Oligoneuria (Yawari) anatina sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on nymphs and imagoes collected in the municipality of Serra do Navio, state of Amapá, Brazil. The main characteristics that can be used to distinguish the new species from other species of the genus are, in imagoes: 1) forewing with spectral cross veins between IRS and MP2 (male) or between IRS and IMP (female), 2) posterior margin of styliger plate distally rounded and with paired rounded projections; in nymphs: 1) vertex of head with two pairs of tubercles, 2) lateral margin of anterior projection of head straight. Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences were used to associate male imago and immature stages of the new species.
The Digital Street
Authors: Lane Jeffrey
Published: August 2015

This article makes the case that street life is characterized by its flow online and offline. Such change requires a new way of doing street ethnography that holds great promise for urban and digital scholars alike. I walk through a set of empirical cases drawn from years of participant observation on the ground and in the network with the same set of teenagers in Harlem. The fieldwork modeled also shifts concepts of public space, reworking Elijah Anderson’s Code of the Street through digital study and grounding the concept of networked publics in urban ethnography. This article bridges urban and digital approaches to ethnography to keep pace with the social life of the street.
Diabetes and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Growth
Authors: Takagi Hisato , Umemoto Takuya
Published: August 2015

We performed a systematic literature search and a meta-analysis to assess the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth. Databases including MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched through June 2015 using PubMed and OVID. For each study, data regarding AAA growth rates in both the DM and the non-DM groups were used to generate standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Our search identified 19 relevant studies including data on 9777 patients with AAA. Pooled analyses demonstrated a statistically significant slower growth rates in DM patients than in non-DM patients (unadjusted SMD, −0.32; 95% CI, −0.40 to −0.24; P < .00001; adjusted SMD, −0.29; 95% CI, −0.417 to −0.18; P < .00001). Despite possible publication bias in favor of DM based on funnel plot asymmetry, even adjustment of the asymmetry did not alter the beneficial effect of DM. In conclusion, on the basis of a meta-analysis of data on a total of 9777 patients (19 studies) identified through a systematic literature search, we confirmed the association of DM with slower growth rates of AAA.
Rocco Vincenzo Scotellaro: Poesie inedite, a cura e con nota introduttiva di Franco Vitelli
Authors: Vitelli Franco
Published: August 2015

Viene qui recuperato per la curiosità del lettore e l’attenzione dei critici un gruppo di poesie inedite di Rocco Vincenzo Scotellaro, nipote di Rocco che è stato protagonista del riscatto del mondo contadino meridionale. Sulla scia di una tradizione famigliare così rappresentativa Rocco Vincenzo, per le mutate condizioni storiche viene a significare il prosieguo di un’esperienza che tiene conto del duro processo dell’emigrazione e del contatto che si stabilisce con la patria di origine. Da un punto di vista metrico conta per un verso la continuazione del genere epigrammatico e per l’altro l’avvio della forma del poemetto, di natura salmodica, improntato a dare senso al dramma dell’identità e all’attualità della Weltanschauung contadina.
Educational Inequalities in Health Behaviors at Midlife
Authors: Clouston Sean A. P. , Richards Marcus , Cadar Dorina , Hofer Scott M.
Published: August 2015

Education is a fundamental cause of social inequalities in health because it influences the distribution of resources, including money, knowledge, power, prestige, and beneficial social connections, that can be used in situ to influence health. Recent studies have highlighted early-life cognition as commonly indicating the propensity for educational attainment and determining health and age of mortality. Health behaviors provide a plausible mechanism linking both education and cognition to later-life health and mortality. We examine the role of education and cognition in predicting smoking, heavy drinking, and physical inactivity at midlife using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study ( N = 10,317), National Survey of Health and Development ( N = 5,362), and National Childhood Development Study ( N = 16,782). Adolescent cognition was associated with education but was inconsistently associated with health behaviors. Education, however, was robustly associated with improved health behaviors after adjusting for cognition. Analyses highlight structural inequalities over individual capabilities when studying health behaviors.
Geographies of class advantage: The influence of adolescent neighbourhoods in Oslo
Authors: Toft Maren , Ljunggren Jørn
Published: August 2015

Class analysts are often concerned with intergenerational transmission of advantage, mapping the ways in which parental resources foster favourable life-chances for their offspring. However, whether such class-specific resources are accessible to broader communities has scarcely been researched within a framework of class mobility. By combining methodological insights from neighbourhood research with theoretical concerns of class advantage, this study addresses the ways in which the social class composition of adolescent neighbourhoods affects individual educational achievement and class positions in adult life. Marginal logistic regression analyses, using generalised estimating equations, are utilised to analyse the complete birth cohorts of 1965–1967 who grew up in Oslo. The analyses reveal that upper class presence in adolescent neighbourhoods is independently associated with attainment of higher education, elite credentials, and upper class membership in adulthood, and more so for less privileged teenagers. It is suggested that the linkage of class advantage and geographical anchorage should be maintained in further research as it points to important aspects of urban inequality.
Autograft Versus Allograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Bottoni Craig R. , Smith Eric L. , Shaha James , Shaha Steven S. , Raybin Sarah G. , Tokish John M. , Rowles Douglas J.
Published: August 2015

Background:

The use of allografts for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in young athletes is controversial. No long-term results have been published comparing tibialis posterior allografts to hamstring autografts.

Purpose:

To evaluate the long-term results of primary ACL reconstruction using either an allograft or autograft.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

From June 2002 to August 2003, patients with a symptomatic ACL-deficient knee were randomized to receive either a hamstring autograft or tibialis posterior allograft. All allografts were from a single tissue bank, aseptically processed, and fresh-frozen without terminal irradiation. Graft fixation was identical in all knees. All patients followed the same postoperative rehabilitation protocol, which was blinded to the therapists. Preoperative and postoperative assessments were performed via examination and/or telephone and Internet-based questionnaire to ascertain the functional and subjective status using established knee metrics. The primary outcome measures were graft integrity, subjective knee stability, and functional status.

Results:

There were 99 patients (100 knees); 86 were men, and 95% were active-duty military. Both groups were similar in demographics and preoperative activity level. The mean and median ages of both groups were identical at 29 and 26 years, respectively. Concomitant meniscal and chondral pathologic abnormalities, microfracture, and meniscal repair performed at the time of reconstruction were similar in both groups. At a minimum of 10 years (range, 120-132 months) from surgery, 96 patients (97 knees) were contacted (2 patients were deceased, and 1 was unable to be located). There were 4 (8.3%) autograft and 13 (26.5%) allograft failures that required revision reconstruction. In the remaining patients whose graft was intact, there was no difference in the mean Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, Tegner, or International Knee Documentation Committee scores.

Conclusion:

At a minimum of 10 years after ACL reconstruction in a young athletic population, over 80% of all grafts were intact and had maintained stability. However, those patients who had an allograft failed at a rate over 3 times higher than those with an autograft.
Effects of propeller thrust trimming on tailless unmanned aerial vehicle performance
Authors: Wang Gang , Yu Hu , Bi-feng Song
Published: August 2015

Flight performance and longitudinal static stability are two contradictory requirements for aircraft. This is especially true for a tailless configuration, whose flight performance is traded for static stability. A new tailless gull wing configuration with propeller thrust trimming is proposed in this paper. It is expected that the propeller thrust can help to provide a nose-up pitching moment and improve the flight performance. In the present configuration, a cambered airfoil is used to increase the lift-to-drag ratio as well as the maximum lift coefficient. Two approaches are adopted to obtain the nose-up pitching moment. Firstly, the thrust line is shifted below the center of gravity to make a positive contribution to the pitching moment. Secondly, the thrust vectoring is employed to trim longitudinally instead of elevon deflection. The wind-tunnel data indicate that the lift-to-drag ratio and maximum lift coefficient increase notably with the help of propeller thrust trimming. To determine the performance benefits of the gull wing with propeller thrust trimming, a conceptual design environment of the electric-powered unmanned aerial vehicle is developed by integrating the modules of the conceptual parameters, aerodynamics, stability, propulsion, weight, performance, as well as optimization. The optimization results suggest that, compared with the two other conventional tailless configurations, the gull wing with propeller thrust trimming results in 20 and 34% endurance increase. Flight tests of a 2.5 kg built aircraft demonstrate the aerodynamic feasibility of the gull wing with propeller thrust trimming concept.
The Challenges of Leading an International Branch Campus
Authors: Healey Nigel M.
Published: August 2015

In recent years, an increasing number of major universities have set up international branch campuses (IBCs). There are now more than 200 IBCs, with more under development. Little is known about the unique challenges that face IBC managers, who are normally seconded from the home university to set up and operate the satellite campus in a new and alien environment. At the same time, there are significant financial and reputational risks for the home university should an IBC fail. This article reports the results of a qualitative study into the “lived experiences” of IBC managers working in the three largest host markets for IBCs—China, Malaysia, and the United Arab Emirates. It finds that the fundamental challenge for managers is balancing the competing demands of a range of internal and external stakeholders and concludes that universities need to do more to prepare and support IBC managers.
Utility of Acculturation in Physical Activity Research in Latina Adults
Authors: Benitez Tanya J. , Dodgson Joan E. , Coe Kathryn , Keller Colleen
Published: August 2015

Latina adults in the United States have a disproportionately higher prevalence of chronic diseases related to low physical activity levels than non-Hispanic women. Literature indicates that acculturation may be a contributing factor to being physically active, but the extent of this association remains unclear. An integrative review of literature was conducted on studies that examined acculturation as it relates to physical activity in Latinas in the United States. Our review of 33 studies revealed inconsistent measurement and conceptualization of acculturation and physical activity across studies. Findings from this review reinforce the importance and continued use of acculturation by behavioral researchers; however, acculturation, as conceptualized in the studies reviewed, may not have had an influence on health as much as traditions, life patterns, and resources of Latinas.
The effects of massage therapy on physical growth and gastrointestinal function in premature infants
Authors: Choi HyeJeong , Kim Shin-Jeong , Oh Jina , Lee Myung-Nam , Kim SungHee , Kang Kyung-Ah
Published: August 2015

To promote the growth and development of premature infants, effective and tender care is required in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The purpose of this study was to test the potential effects of massage therapy on increasing physical growth and promoting gastrointestinal function in premature infants. Twenty subjects were divided into two groups in the NICU of one general hospital located in South Korea. The experimental group ( n = 10) were given massage therapy and the control group ( n = 10) received routine care. Massage therapy was performed twice daily for 14 days, for 15 minutes per session. In the physical growth, height and chest circumference were significantly increased in the experimental group. In assessing gastrointestinal function, frequency of pre-feed gastric residual was significantly decreased and numbers of bowel movements were significantly increased in the experimental group. This study showed massage therapy has the potential effects on increasing physical growth and gastrointestinal function in premature infants. The massage in the NICU might be utilized as a part of developmental care, but more research needs to be done. NICU nurses need to be trained in massage therapy techniques to provide more effective clinical care for premature infants.
Media imperialism beyond the Anglo-Saxon axis, or negotiated hybridity? Neo-Orientalist telenovelas and transnational business in Brazilian television
Authors: Ribke Nahuel
Published: August 2015

Since the beginning of the millennium, several Brazilian telenovelas have been partially produced abroad, incorporating in their storylines protagonists from different ethnic and religious backgrounds, exotic customs, foreign jargon, and attractive tourist locations in Middle Eastern and south-east Asian countries. This article aims to contribute to the debate regarding the asymmetries in media contents flow from “central” to “developing” countries, through analyzing the production of Brazilian “transnational” telenovelas broadcasted during 2001–2012. Rejecting the media imperialism thesis as formulated in the 1960s and 1970s, as well as the more optimistic approaches pointing to the erosion of persistent asymmetries in the production and reception of television contents, this study examines the economic, cultural, and political forces driving the production and consumption of television contents outside the Anglo-Saxon axis, pointing to the cooperation, conflicts, and negotiations between television producers, national audiences, international publics, and private actors.
Impact of Glucose Meter Error on Glycemic Variability and Time in Target Range During Glycemic Control After Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Karon Brad S. , Meeusen Jeffrey W. , Bryant Sandra C.
Published: August 2015

Background:

We retrospectively studied the impact of glucose meter error on the efficacy of glycemic control after cardiovascular surgery.

Method:

Adult patients undergoing intravenous insulin glycemic control therapy after cardiovascular surgery, with 12-24 consecutive glucose meter measurements used to make insulin dosing decisions, had glucose values analyzed to determine glycemic variability by both standard deviation (SD) and continuous overall net glycemic action (CONGA), and percentage glucose values in target glucose range (110-150 mg/dL). Information was recorded for 70 patients during each of 2 periods, with different glucose meters used to measure glucose and dose insulin during each period but no other changes to the glycemic control protocol. Accuracy and precision of each meter were also compared using whole blood specimens from ICU patients.

Results:

Glucose meter 1 (GM1) had median bias of 11 mg/dL compared to a laboratory reference method, while glucose meter 2 (GM2) had a median bias of 1 mg/dL. GM1 and GM2 differed little in precision (CV = 2.0% and 2.7%, respectively). Compared to the period when GM1 was used to make insulin dosing decisions, patients whose insulin dose was managed by GM2 demonstrated reduced glycemic variability as measured by both SD (13.7 vs 21.6 mg/dL, P < .0001) and CONGA (13.5 vs 19.4 mg/dL, P < .0001) and increased percentage glucose values in target range (74.5 vs 66.7%, P = .002).

Conclusions:

Decreasing glucose meter error (bias) was associated with decreased glycemic variability and increased percentage of values in target glucose range for patients placed on intravenous insulin therapy following cardiovascular surgery.
Religiosity, Spirituality, and Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Marriage
Authors: Gay David A. , Lynxwiler John P. , Smith Patrick
Published: August 2015

Attitudes toward same-sex marriage have changed dramatically over the last decade. U.S. adults are becoming more supportive of same-sex marriage, and there are a number of reasons for this change. Our research examines the relationship between cohort, religiosity, spirituality, and attitudes toward same-sex marriage. Using data from the 2012 and 2014 General Social Surveys, we examine the differential impact of religiosity and spirituality by cohort on attitudes toward same-sex marriage. We present models for four separate cohorts: The Millennials, Generation X, the Baby Boomers, and the Silent Generation. The Millennial cohort exhibits significant differences from the other birth cohorts. The results of our analyses locate various changes in these attitudes and provide directions for future research.
Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Authors: Weeks Alicia C. , Kimple Michelle E.
Published: August 2015

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a known complication of malignancy and its treatment. The incidence varies on malignancy type, but is most common with hematologic neoplasms during cytotoxic treatment. Spontaneous TLS is thought to be rare. This case study is of a 62-year-old female admitted with multisystem organ failure, with subsequent diagnosis of aggressive B cell lymphoma. On admission, laboratory abnormalities included renal failure, elevated uric acid (20.7 mg/dL), and 3+ amorphous urates on urinalysis. Oliguric renal failure persisted despite aggressive hydration and diuretic use, requiring initiation of hemodialysis prior to chemotherapy. Antihyperuricemic therapy and hemodialysis were used to resolve hyperuricemia. However, due to multisystem organ dysfunction syndrome with extremely poor prognosis, the patient ultimately expired in the setting of a terminal ventilator wean. Although our patient did not meet current TLS criteria, she required hemodialysis due to uric acid nephropathy, a complication of TLS. This poses the clinical question of whether adequate diagnostic criteria exist for spontaneous TLS and if the lack of currently accepted guidelines has resulted in the underestimation of its incidence. Allopurinol and rasburicase are commonly used for prevention and treatment of TLS. Although both drugs decrease uric acid levels, allopurinol mechanistically prevents formation of the substrate rasburicase acts to solubilize. These drugs were administered together in our patient, although no established guidelines recommend combined use. This raises the clinical question of whether combined therapy is truly beneficial or, conversely, detrimental to patient outcomes.
Rapid evolution of chemosensory receptor genes in a pair of sibling species of orchid bees (Apidae: Euglossini)
Authors: Brand Philipp , Ramírez Santiago R. , Leese Florian , Quezada-Euan J. Javier G. , Tollrian Ralph , Eltz Thomas
Published: August 2015

Background

Insects rely more on chemical signals (semiochemicals) than on any other sensory modality to find, identify, and choose mates. In most insects, pheromone production is typically regulated through biosynthetic pathways, whereas pheromone sensory detection is controlled by the olfactory system. Orchid bees are exceptional in that their semiochemicals are not produced metabolically, but instead male bees collect odoriferous compounds (perfumes) from the environment and store them in specialized hind-leg pockets to subsequently expose during courtship display. Thus, the olfactory sensory system of orchid bees simultaneously controls male perfume traits (sender components) and female preferences (receiver components). This functional linkage increases the opportunities for parallel evolution of male traits and female preferences, particularly in response to genetic changes of chemosensory detection (e.g. Odorant Receptor genes). To identify whether shifts in pheromone composition among related lineages of orchid bees are associated with divergence in chemosensory genes of the olfactory periphery, we searched for patterns of divergent selection across the antennal transcriptomes of two recently diverged sibling species Euglossa dilemma and E. viridissima.

Results

We identified 3185 orthologous genes including 94 chemosensory loci from five different gene families (Odorant Receptors, Ionotropic Receptors, Gustatory Receptors, Odorant Binding Proteins, and Chemosensory Proteins). Our results revealed that orthologs with signatures of divergent selection between E. dilemma and E. viridissima were significantly enriched for chemosensory genes. Notably, elevated signals of divergent selection were almost exclusively observed among chemosensory receptors (i.e. Odorant Receptors).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that rapid changes in the chemosensory gene family occurred among closely related species of orchid bees. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that strong divergent selection acting on chemosensory receptor genes plays an important role in the evolution and diversification of insect pheromone systems.
YKL-40/CHI3L1 drives inflammation on the road of tumor progression
Authors: Libreros Stephania , Iragavarapu-Charyulu Vijaya
Published: August 2015

Inflammation plays a vital role at different stages of tumor progression. The development of tumors is affected by inflammatory mediators produced by the tumor and the host. YKL-40/chitinase-3-like-1 protein is often up-regulated in inflammation-associated diseases. With the use of chronic inflammatory disease systems, we describe the role of YKL-40/chitinase-3-like-1 protein in enhancing the inflammatory response and its implications in tumorigenesis. We also discuss how pre-existing inflammation enhances tumor growth and metastasis. In this mini-review, we highlight the effect of YKL-40/chitinase-3-like-1 protein-associated inflammation in promoting tumor progression.
European Ulyssiads: Claudio Magris, Milan Kundera, Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt
Authors: Pireddu Nicoletta
Published: August 2015

Within the context of the divisive intellectual debate on the cultural legacy of ancient Greece in the development of Europeanness, this essay focuses on three contemporary writers—Magris, Kundera, and Schmitt—who engage with a seminal European humanistic text, Homer's Odyssey, to challenge the cohesiveness of the idea of Europe. The authors' responses to the treatment of exile, return, homeland, and identity in Ulysses' voyage problematize not only the boundary between belonging and not belonging to Europe but also the distinction between center and periphery within the European space. Approaching the European question from borderline areas, Magris, Kundera, and Schmitt elaborate a politics of home transcending fanatic closure and absolute drifting. Their odysseys enact what I call critical nóstoi, ironic homecomings that undermine Husserl's “spiritual telos of European man” but place a wager, nonetheless, on a European cultural and political project founded upon the value of the temporary as both a promoter of mobility and pluralism and a custodian of limits.
World Literature, Postcolonial Studies, and Coolie Odysseys: J.-M.g. Le Clézio's and Amitav Ghosh's Indian Ocean Novels
Authors: Lionnet Françoise
Published: August 2015

J.-M.G. Le Clézio and Amitav Ghosh are prolific award-winning writers who train their reader's eye on transversal and lateral exchanges in the Indian Ocean. This essay presents an approach to the study of their novels as littérature mondialisante rather than littérature-monde, that is, as world-forming literature rather than world literature. Borrowing from Jean-Luc Nancy's philosophical discussion in The Creation of the World or Globalization, I propose a notion of world literature as a critical practice attentive to the mobilities within the texts. Theoretical considerations about postcolonial world literature are coupled with anthropologist Engseng Ho's distinction between the colonial and the imperial. I argue that the respective aesthetic priorities of these authors, and their fictional use of the histories of slavery and indenture in Mauritius, are best understood by means of the notion of interactive universalisms, which I borrow (and modify) from Seyla Benhabib.
Crowdsourcing Penelope: Margaret Atwood, the Coen Brothers, Richard Linklater
Authors: Dimock Wai Chee
Published: August 2015

Beginning with Margaret Atwood's novella The Penelopiad and its staging in regional and experimental theaters in Canada, the U.K., and around the world, this essay traces a long history of network mediation for the Odyssey, beginning with the performative decisions made by itinerant rhapsodes, who variously selected, arranged, and circulated the Homeric epics in ancient Greece, and extending well into the twenty-first century, in the self-conscious invocations of the Odyssey by filmmakers such as the Coen Brothers and Richard Linklater. Crowdsourcing, the unruly and never-ending input from masses of people, is the morphological ground of the epic, an art form energized by its downward percolations. Penelope, that infinitely patient and longsuffering wife, becomes a variety of things as a result, much changed since Homer's times. In the hands of Atwood, she shares the stage with her twelve maids.