bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges and motivations for women entrepreneurs in the service sector of Pakistan
Authors: Rizvi Syed Aamir Alam , Shah Syed Jamal , Qureshi Muhammad Azeem , Wasim Saima , Aleemi Abdur Rahman , Ali Mohsin
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the challenges and motivations for women entrepreneurs in the service sector of Pakistan. Women’s business ownership is widely recognized as a critical component of a healthy economy because it plays a significant role in the production of new jobs and services and contributes to overall economic development. Due to the many challenges that are present in the business world, the percentage of women in Pakistan who start their businesses is extremely low. Nevertheless, some motivators keep people from creating new enterprises. This research is qualitative; it adheres to the interpretivism paradigm. A case study approach has been utilized to investigate the individual motivators and hurdles that affect business ventures in Pakistan. The findings uncovered many significant themes that centered on two different dimensions, motivations and challenges. This study is helpful for policymakers in formulating policies and strategies to remove barriers, address challenges, and give opportunities for women to start their businesses. Additionally, this study will provide direction to entrepreneurs, especially those working in the service sector industry. A further finding of the studies will be useful for women’s empowerment, poverty reduction, and the attainment of sustainable development goals.
T-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Presenting as a Pituitary Mass
Authors: Sreedhara Padmini , Czerwinski Vincent , Alexander Ethan , Choudhary Chitra
Published: September 2023

Primary pituitary T-lymphoblastic lymphoma is a rare clinical entity. A 45-year-old woman presented with headache, left-eye blurry vision, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia, and ptosis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a sellar mass most likely consistent with a pituitary macroadenoma. Laboratory evaluation disclosed secondary hypothyroidism, secondary adrenal insufficiency, and hyperprolactinemia. The mass was removed by transsphenoidal resection, and subsequent immunophenotyping revealed T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Secondary workup confirmed lymphomatous confinement to the central nervous system. Following resection, the patient's headaches improved, but she experienced persistent visual deficits and palsies of cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of high-dose methotrexate, followed by alternating cycles of cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate, doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), dexamethasone (cyclophosphamide, mesna, vincristine sulfate, doxorubicin hydrochloride, dexamethasone), and methotrexate/cytarabine. Since receiving chemotherapy, there has been an improvement in numbness, ptosis, left orbital pressure, and headaches. This case represents only the eighth example of T-cell primary pituitary lymphoma, and the youngest patient to receive the diagnosis.
Introduction: On Theories from the Ends
Authors: Rosas Gilberto , Loza Mireya
Published: September 2023

As with all borders, the international boundary between the United States and Mexico troubles distinctions between strangers and enemies, between the criminal and the law-abiding, between immigrant and citizen. The US-Mexico border specifically, and borders generally, have grown in importance as border controls and undocumented border crossings have intensified across the globe. The Border Reader curates some of the foundational scholarship on the region, its daily life, and its tensions. From linguistic studies of the criminal argot of smugglers, to insistences on the region’s normalcy, to smug confirmations of US superiority, to romanticized folklores of resistance in corridos and related forms, to studies on health and immigration policy, questions about who, what, and which language—English, Spanish, Yoeme, or even Q’anjob’al—represent the border remain pertinent. The Border Reader offers a vibrant alternative canon for scholars and students in a range of fields including anthropology, history, English, Spanish, postcolonial, and ethnic studies.
Necro-Subjection: On Borders, Asylum, and Making Dead to Let Live
Authors: Rosas Gilberto
Published: September 2023

Gilberto Rosas draws on the experiences of those who lack the privilege of citizenship in this anti-immigrant age, as they make themselves dead in order to live and rely on experts in asylum and related immigration proceedings to cast their homelands as hopeless, full of despair, and dominated by monstrous and imminently racialized and gendered oppression and violence.
The Erotic Zone: Sexual Transgression on the U.S.-Mexican Border
Authors: Gutiérrez Ramón
Published: September 2023

This chapter argues that many borderland “Americans” use negative sexual stereotypes to suppress the dependence of white middle-class prosperity on the intimate presence of Mexicans. It suggests certain acceptable forms of contact coexist with polarizing domination and paranoia, leaving a conjunction of sexuality and economics untouched.
How to Tame a Wild Tongue
Authors: Anzaldúa Gloria
Published: September 2023

Gloria Anzaldúa explores the complexities of identity in a poetic rendition of the borderlands. Combining creative writing and cultural analysis, Anzaldúa explores the shifting politics of identity and subjectivity in the borderlands of Texas and offers a new imaginary horizon of revolutionary potentiality.
Loving Men, Loving God
Authors: Rajani Shayan
Published: September 2023

This chapter engages the form and method of the biographical dictionary or tazkira. While historians have used biographical dictionaries to periodize the past, these texts themselves employ the affective power of their stories to elevate the lives they recount above their own time. The chapter retells stories of the Sufi saint, Madho Lal Hussain (d. 1599), who fell in love with a Brahmin boy, Madho. It does not find in their lifelong relationship signs of a more permissive time. Instead, the chapter recovers the reproach Shah Hussain courted by refusing to conform to the social and gender practices of his day. It also shows the respect both men received, and continue to receive, beyond their own times. Together, these retellings underscore the limits of the scholarly periodization of a homophilic past cut off from a homophobic present, and disclose the past's desire to make its own future.
Partitioned Listening
Authors: Tariq Syma
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the 1947 Partition of British India through a critique of its recent oral-archival formations and its construction as an historical ‘event’. This critique includes reflections on my audio research series Partitioned Listening (2020–2022), which invoke the complexity and reciprocity of speech, listening, silence, poetry and testimony in Partition's (aural) history. It argues for a deeper consideration into how testimonial and archival forms of knowledge production have ordered our narratives of the Partition, sensing it as a sonic condition in the present rather than merely an historical event in the past. This is a political as well as artistic exercise: an opportunity to approach a kind of “queer universalism” (Menon) which listens away from the norms of time, identity and difference embedded in the enclosure of archives in the partitioned present.
Afterword
Authors: Arondekar Anjali
Published: September 2023

What happens if we eschew a hermeneutics of capture, rendition and circulation? What happens if sexuality is a gathering, a provocation of genres and spaces and tongues, of multilingual encounters and spiritual forays? To transact the geopolitical then is to enter the everywhere mehfil, a quotidian coupling of place and pleasure, of form and friction, of call and response. A mehfil, after all, is a Hindustani term that summons publics into lives of conversation and proximity, at once a place of frenzied engagement and quiet meditation. From its early invocations as a space of courtly performance, to its more recent iterations as assembly, celebration, forum, the mehfil has always been a terrain of paradoxical potentiality: infused with secrecy and sexuality, yet decidedly public and performative.
Arteries Around the Superior Limiting Sulcus: Motor Complication Avoidance in Insular and Insulo-Opercular Surgery
Authors: Ikegaya Naoki , Hayashi Takahiro , Higashijima Takefumi , Takayama Yutaro , Sonoda Masaki , Iwasaki Masaki , Miyake Yohei , Sato Mitsuru , Tateishi Kensuke , Suenaga Jun , Yamamoto Tetsuya
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Insulo-opercular surgery can cause ischemic motor complications. A source of this is the arteries around the superior limiting sulcus (SLS), which reach the corona radiata, but the detailed anatomy remains unclear. To characterize arteries around the SLS including the long insular arteries (LIAs) and long medullary arteries, we classified them and examined their distribution in relation to the SLS, which helps reduce the risk of ischemia.

METHODS:

Twenty adult cadaveric hemispheres were studied. Coronal brain slices were created perpendicular to the SLS representing insular gyri (anterior short, middle short, posterior short, anterior long, and posterior long). The arteries within 10-mm proximity of the SLS that reached the corona radiata were excavated and classified by the entry point.

RESULTS:

A total of 122 arteries were identified. Sixty-three (52%), 20 (16%), and 39 (32%) arteries penetrated the insula (LIAs), peak of the SLS, and operculum (long medullary arteries), respectively. 100 and six (87%) arteries penetrated within 5 mm of the peak of the SLS. The arteries were distributed in the anterior short gyrus (19%), middle short gyrus (17%), posterior short gyrus (20%), anterior long gyrus (19%), and posterior long gyrus (25%). Seven arteries (5.7%) had anastomoses after they penetrated the parenchyma.

CONCLUSION:

Approximately 90% of the arteries that entered the parenchyma and reached the corona radiata were within a 5-mm radius of the SLS in both the insula and operculum side. This suggests that using the SLS as a landmark during insulo-opercular surgery can decrease the chance of ischemia.
A Minimalist Model for the Ruble during the Russian Invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Lorenzoni Guido , Werning Iván
Published: August 2023

This note isolates an overlooked economic force for the ruble to appreciate in response to international sanctions limiting exports to Russia. The intuition is that when Russians are unable to buy the mix of foreign goods they wish, foreign goods become less attractive, increasing demand for domestic goods. To reestablish an equilibrium, a real appreciation is needed to raise the relative price of domestic goods and incentivize imports from nonsanctioning countries. We also review well-known forces for depreciation. Our analysis emphasizes that the exchange rate is an inadequate signal of the welfare impact and of the effectiveness of sanctions. (JEL D74, E31, F14, F31, F51, P24, P33)
Who Runs the AEA?
Authors: Hoover Kevin D. , Svorenčík Andrej
Published: September 2023

The leadership structure of the American Economic Association is documented using a biographical database covering every officer and losing candidate for AEA offices from 1950 to 2019. The analysis focuses on institutional affiliations by education and employment. The structure is strongly hierarchical. A few institutions dominate the leadership, and their dominance has become markedly stronger over time. Broadly two types of explanations are explored: that institutional dominance is based on academic merit or that it is based on self-perpetuating privilege. Network effects that might explain the dynamic of increasing concentration are also investigated. (JEL A11, B29, B30, Z13)
3D comparative evaluation and correlation of condylar morphology in bruxers and non-bruxers
Authors: Tiwari Aakanksha , Dangore-Khasbage Suwarna
Published: September 2023

Parafunctional habits like bruxism may have a deleterious effect on the temporomandibular joint. It can lead to the alteration of condylar morphology which can further lead to temporomandibular joint disorders. The early three-dimensional evaluation may help detect morphological changes in the condyle and reduce the risk of developing temporomandibular disorders. It will also help to make patients aware of the condition and encourage prompt treatment of parafunctional habits. To do a 3-Dimensional comparative evaluation and correlation of condylar morphology in bruxers and non-bruxers. 90 patients with parafunctional habits will be evaluated on cone beam computed tomography in two groups (control group, study group) of 45 each, for alteration in condylar morphology based on the suggested classification. Results will be formulated based on the classification of condylar morphology. Evaluation of condylar morphology will be done on cone beam computed Tomography based on the amount of variation in condylar morphology in bruxers as compared to non-bruxers. Thorough clinical examination and early evaluation of condylar morphology on cone beam computed tomography will help early detection of changes in the morphology of condyle and prompt treatment to reduce the risk of development of temporomandibular disorders.
Matrix mismatch and its estimation in single-lab studies
Authors: Uhlig Steffen , Colson Bertrand , Frost Kirstin , Gowik Petra
Published: September 2023

Background: Matrix mismatch arises when the matrix of the test sample differs from the calibration or standard matrix. Matrix mismatch often accounts for a large part of between-laboratory variation. Notwithstanding, it is seldom characterized in method validation studies.

Methods: Matrix-mismatch manifests itself as the variation of bias across matrices and has two components: the variation of method bias and the variation of laboratory bias across matrices. The laboratory bias component of matrix mismatch can be considered to constitute a component of precision. In the case of horizontal methods, a comprehensive characterization of method performance should thus include matrix mismatch. The different precision and matrix-mismatch components can be estimated by means of mixed linear models.

Results: A relatively simple single-lab design with spiked sample material is presented here, allowing an estimate of matrix mismatch via ANOVA calculations.

Conclusions:  In the statistical model for precision experiments described in ISO 5725-2, there is no matrix mismatch term. Indeed, a characterization of matrix mismatch is not possible if only one matrix is represented in the collaborative study, or if the samples sent to the laboratories do not reflect the properties of the matrices of “true” samples. If matrix mismatch was not estimated in the validation study, a subsequent single-lab study can be conducted. A relatively simple design was described, but more sophisticated designs may present various advantages.
Epigenetic germline variants predict cancer prognosis and risk and distribute uniquely in topologically associating domains
Authors: Goudarzi Shervin , Pagadala Meghana , Klie Adam , Talwar James V , Carter Hannah
Published: September 2023

Background: Methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) associate with different levels of local DNA methylation in cancers. Here, we investigated whether the distribution of cancer meQTLs reflected functional organization of the genome in the form of chromatin topologically associated domains (TADs) and evaluated whether cancer meQTLs near known driver genes have the potential to influence cancer risk or progression.

Methods: Published cancer meQTLs were analyzed according to their location in transcriptionally active or inactive TADs and TAD boundary regions. Cancer meQTLs near known cancer genes were analyzed for association with cancer risk in the UKBioBank and prognosis in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Results: In TAD boundary regions, the density of cancer meQTLs was higher near inactive TADs. Furthermore, we observed an enrichment of cancer meQTLs in active TADs near tumor suppressors, whereas there was a depletion of such meQTLs near oncogenes. Several meQTLs were associated with cancer risk in the UKBioBank, and we were able to reproduce breast cancer risk associations in the DRIVE cohort. Survival analysis in TCGA implicated a number of meQTLs in 13 tumor types. In 10 of these, polygenic cancer meQTL scores were associated with increased hazard in a CoxPH analysis. Risk and survival-associated meQTLs tended to affect cancer genes involved in DNA damage repair and cellular adhesion and reproduced cancer-specific associations reported in prior literature.

Conclusions: This study provides evidence that genetic variants that influence local DNA methylation are affected by chromatin structure and can impact tumor evolution.
Predicting gene expression changes upon epigenomic drug treatment
Authors: Agrawal Piyush , Gopalan Vishaka , Hannenhalli Sridhar
Published: September 2023

Background: Tumors are characterized by global changes in epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modifications that are functionally linked to tumor progression. Accordingly, several drugs targeting the epigenome have been proposed for cancer therapy, notably, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) such as vorinostat and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) such as zebularine. However, a fundamental challenge with such approaches is the lack of genomic specificity, i.e., the transcriptional changes at different genomic loci can be highly variable, thus making it difficult to predict the consequences on the global transcriptome and drug response. For instance, treatment with DNMTi may upregulate the expression of not only a tumor suppressor but also an oncogene, leading to unintended adverse effect.

Methods: Given the pre-treatment transcriptome and epigenomic profile of a sample, we assessed the extent of predictability of locus-specific changes in gene expression upon treatment with HDACi using machine learning. 

Results: We found that in two cell lines (HCT116 treated with Largazole at eight doses and RH4 treated with Entinostat at 1µM) where the appropriate data (pre-treatment transcriptome and epigenome as well as post-treatment transcriptome) is available, our model distinguished the post-treatment up versus downregulated genes with high accuracy (up to ROC of 0.89). Furthermore, a model trained on one cell line is applicable to another cell line suggesting generalizability of the model.

Conclusions: Here we present a first assessment of the predictability of genome-wide transcriptomic changes upon treatment with HDACi. Lack of appropriate omics data from clinical trials of epigenetic drugs currently hampers the assessment of applicability of our approach in clinical setting.
Protocol for the development of a multidisciplinary clinical practice guideline for the care of patients with chronic subdural haematoma
Authors: Stubbs Daniel J , Davies Benjamin M , Dixon-Woods Mary , Bashford Thomas H , Braude Philip , Bulters Diedrik , Camp Sophie , Carr Georgina , Coles Jonathan P , Dhesi Jugdeep , Dinsmore Judith , Edlmann Ellie , Evans Nicholas R , Figaji Anthony , Foster Emily , Lecky Fiona , Kolias Angelos , Joannides Alexis , Moppett Iain , Nathanson Mike , Newcombe Virginia , Owen Nicola , Peterman Lisa , Proffitt Amy , Skiterall Charlotte , Whitfield Peter , Wilson Sally R , Zolnourian Ardalan , Amarouche Meriem , Ansari Akbar , Borg Nick , Brennan Paul M , Brown Charlotte , Corbett Christopher , Dammers Ruben , Das Tilak , Feilding Emily , Galea Marilise , Gillespie Conor , Glancz Laurence , Gooding Felix , Grange Robert , Gray Natalie , Hartley Peter , Hassan Taj , Holl Dana , Jones Julia , Knight Richard , Luoma Val , Mee Harry , Minett Thais , Novak Stephen , Peck George , Ralhan Shvaita , Ramshaw Jennifer , Richardson Davina , Sadek Ahmed-Ramadan , Sheehan Katie , Sheppard Francoise , Shipway David , Singh Navneet , Smith Martin , Sturley Rhonda , Swart Michael , Thomas William , Uprichard James , Yeardley Vickie , Menon David K , Hutchinson Peter J
Published: September 2023

Introduction: A common neurosurgical condition, chronic subdural haematoma (cSDH) typically affects older people with other underlying health conditions. The care of this potentially vulnerable cohort is often, however, fragmented and suboptimal. In other complex conditions, multidisciplinary guidelines have transformed patient experience and outcomes, but no such framework exists for cSDH. This paper outlines a protocol to develop the first comprehensive multidisciplinary guideline from diagnosis to long-term recovery with cSDH. 

Methods: The project will be guided by a steering group of key stakeholders and professional organisations and will feature patient and public involvement.  Multidisciplinary thematic working groups will examine key aspects of care to formulate appropriate, patient-centered research questions, targeted with evidence review using the GRADE framework.  The working groups will then formulate draft clinical recommendations to be used in a modified Delphi process to build consensus on guideline contents. 

Conclusions: We present a protocol for the development of a multidisciplinary guideline to inform the care of patients with a cSDH, developed by cross-disciplinary working groups and arrived at through a consensus-building process, including a modified online Delphi.
The genome sequence of a heleomyzid fly, Suillia variegata (Loew, 1862)
Authors: Falk Steven , Sivell Duncan , Badham Xavier Richard ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Suillia variegata (a heleomyzid fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Heleomyzidae). The genome sequence is 264.0 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 7 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.17 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the Ragwort Fly, Sphenella marginata (Fallén, 1814)
Authors: Falk Steven , Mitchell Ryan , Badham Xavier Richard ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Sphenella marginata (the Ragwort Fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Tephritidae). The genome sequence is 595.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 6 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.82 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the European flounder, Platichthys flesus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Fletcher Chris , Alexander David , Reed Bethany ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual Platichthys flesus (the European flounder; Chordata; Actinopteri; Pleuronectiformes; Pleuronectidae). The genome sequence is 597.1 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 24 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.52 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of a starfish, Luidia sarsii (Düben & Koren, in Düben, 1845)
Authors: Mrowicki Robert , Adkins Patrick , Harley Joanna , Uhl Rebekka ,   Marine Biological Association Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual Luidia sarsii; a starfish; Echinodermata; Asteroidea; Paxillosida; Luidiidae). The genome sequence is 471.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 22 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.43 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the Common Darter, Sympetrum striolatum (Charpentier, 1840)
Authors: Crowley Liam M. , Price Benjamin W. , Allan E. Louise , Eagles Marianne ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: September 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Sympetrum striolatum (the Common Darter; Arthropoda; Insecta; Odonata; Libellulidae). The genome sequence is 1349.6 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 12 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.16 kilobases in length.
Central Bank Digital Currency and Banking: Macroeconomic Benefits of a Cash-Like Design
Authors: Chiu Jonathan , Davoodalhosseini Seyed Mohammadreza
Published: August 2023

Many central banks are considering issuing a central bank digital currency (CBDC). How will the CBDC affect the macroeconomy? Will its design matter? To answer these questions, we theoretically and quantitatively assess the effects of a CBDC on consumption, banking, and welfare. Our model captures the competition between different means of payments and incorporates a novel general equilibrium feedback effect from transactions to deposits creation. The general equilibrium effects of a CBDC are decomposed into three channels: payment efficiency, price effects, and bank funding costs. We show that a cash-like CBDC is more effective than a deposit-like CBDC in promoting consumption and welfare. Interestingly, a cash-like CBDC can also crowd in banking, even in the absence of bank market power. In a calibrated model, at the maximum, a cash-like CBDC can increase bank intermediation by 10.2% and welfare by 0.059%, and it can capture up to 23.3% of the payment market. We also discuss some lessons for designing a CBDC.

This paper was accepted by Will Cong, Special Section of Management Science: Blockchains and Crypto Economics.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02763 .
Equity Market Fragmentation and Capital Investment Efficiency
Authors: Landsman Wayne , Pan Jing , Stubben Stephen
Published: September 2023

This study examines how equity market fragmentation affects firms’ capital investment decisions. Recent empirical research finds that market fragmentation lowers trading costs and thus improves market quality. We examine whether this increase in market quality translates into greater revelatory price efficiency, where stock prices reveal with greater precision information to managers and/or creditors about firms’ investment opportunities. Consistent with this notion, our findings reveal that the association between capital investment and investment opportunities is increasing in market fragmentation. Additional evidence suggests that (a) market fragmentation increases revelatory price efficiency at least in part by encouraging information acquisition and informed trade by equity investors and (b) the more efficient stock prices inform both managers and creditors about firms’ investment opportunities. Inferences based on difference-in-differences and instrumental variable tests are consistent with those based on our primary findings.

This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.

Funding: The authors are grateful to the Kenan-Flagler Business School, Cox School of Business, Smeal School of Business, and David Eccles School of Business for funding our research.

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4905 .
Robust Risk Quantification via Shock Propagation in Financial Networks
Authors: Ahn Dohyun , Chen Nan , Kim Kyoung-Kuk
Published: September 2023

Robust Risk Quantification via Shock Propagation in Financial Networks

Despite the significance of risk contagion in financial networks, uncertainties arise in interbank network structures because of limited information. To address this, proposed is a robust optimization approach to estimate worst-case default probabilities and capital requirements for a specific group of banks (e.g., systemically important financial institutions). By applying this tool, we analyze the impact of different incomplete network information structures and gain regulatory insights into gathering actionable network information.
Ultrasound-guided carotid angioplasty and stenting in a patient with iodinated contrast allergy: A case report
Authors: Li Le , Wang Zi-Yan , Liu Bo
Published: August 2023

Insulin, a small protein with 51 amino acids synthesized by pancreatic β-cells, is crucial to sustain glucose homeostasis at biochemical and molecular levels. Numerous metabolic dysfunctions are related to insulin-mediated altered glucose homeostasis. One of the significant pathophysiological conditions linked to the insulin associated disorder is diabetes mellitus (DM) (type 1, type 2, and gestational). Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the major underlying causes of metabolic disorders despite its association with several physiological conditions. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is another pathophysiological condition that is associated with IR, hypertension, and obesity. Further, several other pathophysiological disorders/diseases are associated with the insulin malfunctioning, which include polycystic ovary syndrome, neuronal disorders, and cancer. Insulinomas are an uncommon type of pancreatic β-cell-derived neuroendocrine tumor that makes up 2% of all pancreatic neoplasms. Literature revealed that different biochemical events, molecular signaling pathways, microRNAs, and microbiota act as connecting links between insulin disorder and associated pathophysiology such as DM, insuloma, neurological disorder, MS, and cancer. In this review, we focus on the insulin-related disorders and the underlying mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology.
Predicting apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using T-wave inversion: Three case reports
Authors: Kang Liang , Li Yi-Hua , Li Rong , Chu Qing-Min
Published: August 2023

Insulin, a small protein with 51 amino acids synthesized by pancreatic β-cells, is crucial to sustain glucose homeostasis at biochemical and molecular levels. Numerous metabolic dysfunctions are related to insulin-mediated altered glucose homeostasis. One of the significant pathophysiological conditions linked to the insulin associated disorder is diabetes mellitus (DM) (type 1, type 2, and gestational). Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the major underlying causes of metabolic disorders despite its association with several physiological conditions. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is another pathophysiological condition that is associated with IR, hypertension, and obesity. Further, several other pathophysiological disorders/diseases are associated with the insulin malfunctioning, which include polycystic ovary syndrome, neuronal disorders, and cancer. Insulinomas are an uncommon type of pancreatic β-cell-derived neuroendocrine tumor that makes up 2% of all pancreatic neoplasms. Literature revealed that different biochemical events, molecular signaling pathways, microRNAs, and microbiota act as connecting links between insulin disorder and associated pathophysiology such as DM, insuloma, neurological disorder, MS, and cancer. In this review, we focus on the insulin-related disorders and the underlying mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology.
Predicting whether patients will achieve minimal clinically important differences following hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Langenberger Benedikt , Schrednitzki Daniel , Halder Andreas M. , Busse Reinhard , Pross Christoph M.
Published: September 2023

Aims

A substantial fraction of patients undergoing knee arthroplasty (KA) or hip arthroplasty (HA) do not achieve an improvement as high as the minimal clinically important difference (MCID), i.e. do not achieve a meaningful improvement. Using three patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), our aim was: 1) to assess machine learning (ML), the simple pre-surgery PROM score, and logistic-regression (LR)-derived performance in their prediction of whether patients undergoing HA or KA achieve an improvement as high or higher than a calculated MCID; and 2) to test whether ML is able to outperform LR or pre-surgery PROM scores in predictive performance.

Methods

MCIDs were derived using the change difference method in a sample of 1,843 HA and 1,546 KA patients. An artificial neural network, a gradient boosting machine, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, ridge regression, elastic net, random forest, LR, and pre-surgery PROM scores were applied to predict MCID for the following PROMs: EuroQol five-dimension, five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), EQ visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS), Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Short-form (HOOS-PS), and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Short-form (KOOS-PS).

Results

Predictive performance of the best models per outcome ranged from 0.71 for HOOS-PS to 0.84 for EQ-VAS (HA sample). ML statistically significantly outperformed LR and pre-surgery PROM scores in two out of six cases.

Conclusion

MCIDs can be predicted with reasonable performance. ML was able to outperform traditional methods, although only in a minority of cases.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(9):512–521.
High-Power Short Duration Microwave Drying of Rice Versus Fissuring and Milling Yields
Authors: Boreddy Sreenivasula Reddy , Luthra Kaushik , Atungulu Griffiths G
Published: August 2023

Highlights

MW specific energy ranging from 422.5 to 507.0 kJ/kg of rice can dry rice to 12.5% moisture content in a single pass.

Fissuring percentage was significantly lower for lower drying durations as compared to 3 min drying durations for all power levels.

RR dried for one minute with MW at 16-20 kW results in higher head rice yields.

Abstract. The utilization of microwave (MW) drying technology to dry rough rice (RR) is considered a promising method for high-moisture RR drying with high throughput. Milling quality is a significant factor in stakeholders adoption of this method. Therefore, experiments were conducted using an industrial MW dryer operating at 915 MHz to examine the effects of different MW power levels and heating durations on RR drying. Single pass drying was performed using 16, 18, and 20 kW power levels and 1, 2, and 3 min heating durations. A control sample was dried in an environmentally controlled chamber at 25°C and 56% relative humidity (RH). The moisture content, surface temperature, fissuring, and head rice yield (HRY) of RR were measured. The initial moisture content of RR was 21.22% w.b. The moisture content of RR after 3 minutes of drying at the studied power levels was close to the recommended rice milling moisture content of 13%, indicating the feasibility of single pass MW drying. The maximum surface temperature of RR at severe (20 kW for 3 min) and least severe (16 kW and 1 min) treatment conditions was 91.9°C and 62.6°C, respectively. Fissuring percentages of 86.2% and 85.3% were observed in RR drying at 20 kW for 3 min after one day and after seven days of fissure examination, respectively. Fissuring percentages of 84.2% and 84.3% were observed at 16 kW for 3 min drying after one day and after seven days, respectively. The HRY at MW drying conditions of 16-20 kW for 1 min was higher than that of RR gently dried at 25°C and 56% RH. MW drying shows promise for reducing drying duration compared to conventional methods. Keywords: Head rice yield, Microwave drying, Moisture content, Rice drying, Rice fissuring.
In search of cytotoxic abietyl amides
Authors: Heisig Julia , Heise Niels V. , Hoenke Sophie , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Csuk René
Published: September 2023

Based on prior research findings with pentacyclic triterpenoids, it was hypothesized that (un)-substituted benzylamides would exhibit enhanced cytotoxic activity compared to parent abietic acid. Conversely, none of these compounds was cytotoxic, but (homo)-piperazinyl amides demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity across multiple cell lines, even at concentrations as low single-digit micromolar levels. Additional staining experiments revealed that the most potent compound (with an EC50 value of 2.8 mM for HT29 colon carcinoma cells) primarily induced apoptosis rather than necrosis.  
It “Goes Both Ways”: The Impact of Peer-Mediated Interventions on Peers
Authors: Travers Hilary E. , Carter Erik W. , Picard Erika T. , Hauptman Lily
Published: September 2023

Peers have a prominent place within peer-mediated interventions (PMI). Understanding how they might benefit from their experiences supporting students with disabilities is an emerging area of much-needed research. This qualitative study was designed to identify the breadth of ways peers report being affected by their diverse experiences. We held eight focus groups with 41 secondary and postsecondary peers involved in PMIs alongside students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. They described nine distinct areas of impact: social impact, personal growth, changes in views, rewarding impact, skill development, advocacy, future intentions, academic impact, and negative impact. We provide recommendations for research and practice aimed at understanding the reciprocal impact of these widely advocated interventions.
Emergency COVID-19 Pandemic Changes to Home- and Community-Based Services for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Friedman Carli
Published: September 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted Home- and Community-Based Services (HCBS) for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). The aim of this study was to examine the emergency amendments states made to their HCBS waivers for people with IDD during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do so, we analyzed 294 Appendix K: Emergency Preparedness and Response Waivers, which states used to amend HCBS 1915(c) waivers for people with IDD. States’ waiver amendments fell into the following categories: access and eligibility, assessments and person-centered planning, services, settings, providers, reimbursement rates, and safeguards and oversight. These temporary changes made to HCBS IDD waivers aimed to ensure people with IDD’s access to services and maintain the quality of those services during the pandemic.
Design and control of a fast steering mirror based on flexible supports and piezoelectric ceramic actuators
Authors: Wang Lin , Liu Xuelian , Liang Shuning , Wang Chunyang
Published: September 2023

The use of the fast steering mirror in an optical path requires strict volume control, and traditional structures have low space-utilization efficiency, resulting in traditional actuators having limited output in narrow spaces. The design in this paper adopts a combination of flexible universal supports and piezoelectric ceramic actuators, greatly reducing the layout space of the rotating-shaft system. We accurately model the design structure and develop closed-loop control methods to further improve the closed-loop control accuracy of the system. The experimental results indicate that the developed control method effectively improves the response speed and bandwidth and thus has good potential for use in engineering applications.
Optical encoding and hiding scheme for a double image based on chaotic fingerprint phase masks and phase-shifting digital holography
Authors: Wang Yonghui , Zhao Qinyu , Xu Wenjun , Li Fei , Yan Jun , Liu Shuaiqi , Su Yonggang
Published: September 2023

This paper proposes a novel, to the best of our knowledge, double-image hiding scheme based on the chaotic fingerprint phase masks (CFPMs) and three-step phase-shifting digital holography (PSDH). First, the two images to be hidden are encoded into a complex amplitude image, and then with the help of the CFPM located in the Fresnel transform (FrT) domain and the three-step PSDH, the complex amplitude image can be encoded into three noise-like interference holograms. Finally, the three noise-like interference holograms are hidden into the texture part of the host image by the discrete wavelet transform based fusion approach and variational image decomposition technique. This scheme can simultaneously hide two images into one host image, and the invisibility and robustness of the hiding scheme can be well balanced by embedding the secret image in the texture of the host image. Additionally, the introduction of a biometric feature increases the association of the key and the authorized user, and the parameters of the chaotic map and FrT can also provide additional security to the proposed scheme. We have verified the scheme’s feasibility, security, and robustness through extensive experiments.
Physiotherapy and associated factors affecting mouth opening changes in noma patients during initial hospitalization at an MSF-supported hospital in Northwest Nigeria—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Oluwalomola Oluwole Victor , Briskin Emily , Olaleye Michael , Samuel Joseph , Oluyide Bukola , Sherlock Mark , Adetunji Adeniyi Semiyu , Amirtharajah Mohana
Published: September 2023

Noma is a rapidly progressing infection of the oral cavity, which can cause the disintegration of the cheek, nose and eye, in under a week. One of the most disabling sequelae is trismus, the restriction of mouth opening, which results in difficulties in speech, mastication, social feeding habits and maintenance of oral hygiene. Restriction of mouth opening among noma patients mostly begins during the transition between World Health Organisation (WHO) stage 3 (gangrene) and stage 4 (scarring) of the disease. This study aims to describe the impact of physiotherapy in noma patients hospitalised with stages 3 and 4 of the disease and to identify factors that influence change in mouth opening of noma patients. This study is a retrospective analysis of routinely collected data from patients admitted at Noma Children Hospital, Sokoto, Northwest Nigeria between 1 May 2018 and 1 May 2020. Eligible patients included stage 3 and 4 noma patients who had not undergone any surgical reconstruction or trismus release surgery but received physiotherapy assessment and treatment during initial hospitalization. Factors associated with a change in mouth opening were identified using paired t-test analysis, bivariate and multivariate analyses. The mean difference in the mouth opening from admission to discharge was 6.9mm (95% CI: 5.4 to 8.3, p < 0.0001). Increased number of physiotherapy sessions and patient age above three years were significant predictors of improvement in mouth opening (p-value 0.011, 0.001 respectively). Physiotherapy treatment received within an adequate number of physiotherapy sessions for stage 3 and 4 noma patients during the period of the first hospitalization is important and results in a significant increase in mouth opening. Hence, noma patients at these stages should routinely undergo physiotherapy as part of a holistic approach to treatment.
Secondary vectors of Zika Virus, a systematic review of laboratory vector competence studies
Authors: Bisia Marina , Montenegro-Quinoñez Carlos Alberto , Dambach Peter , Deckert Andreas , Horstick Olaf , Kolimenakis Antonios , Louis Valérie R. , Manrique-Saide Pablo , Michaelakis Antonios , Runge-Ranzinger Silvia , Morrison Amy C.
Published: August 2023

Background

After the unprecedented Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in the western hemisphere from 2015–2018, Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are now well established primary and secondary ZIKV vectors, respectively. Consensus about identification and importance of other secondary ZIKV vectors remain. This systematic review aims to provide a list of vector species capable of transmitting ZIKV by reviewing evidence from laboratory vector competence (VC) studies and to identify key knowledge gaps and issues within the ZIKV VC literature.

Methods

A search was performed until 15th March 2022 on the Cochrane Library, Lilacs, PubMed, Web of Science, WHOLIS and Google Scholar. The search strings included three general categories: 1) “ZIKA”; 2) “vector”; 3) “competence”, “transmission”, “isolation”, or “feeding behavior” and their combinations. Inclusion and exclusion criteria has been predefined and quality of included articles was assessed by STROBE and STROME-ID criteria.

Findings

From 8,986 articles retrieved, 2,349 non-duplicates were screened by title and abstracts,103 evaluated using the full text, and 45 included in this analysis. Main findings are 1) secondary vectors of interest include Ae. japonicus, Ae. detritus, and Ae. vexans at higher temperature 2) Culex quinquefasciatus was not found to be a competent vector of ZIKV, 3) considerable heterogeneity in VC, depending on the local mosquito strain and virus used in testing was observed. Critical issues or gaps identified included 1) inconsistent definitions of VC parameters across the literature; 2) equivalency of using different mosquito body parts to evaluate VC parameters for infection (mosquito bodies versus midguts), dissemination (heads, legs or wings versus salivary glands), and transmission (detection or virus amplification in saliva, FTA cards, transmission to neonatal mice); 3) articles that fail to use infectious virus assays to confirm the presence of live virus; 4) need for more studies using murine models with immunocompromised mice to infect mosquitoes.

Conclusion

Recent, large collaborative multi-country projects to conduct large scale evaluations of specific mosquito species represent the most appropriate approach to establish VC of mosquito species.