bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual craniometry using the skull anatomy program
Authors: Perepelkin Andrey I. , Tumanova Angelika V. , Perepelkina Anastasia A.
Published: January 2024

Craniometric studies were carried out on mature male skulls of the 2nd period using the original Skull anatomy program. Depending on the transverse-longitudinal index, all skulls were distributed into 3 forms: brachycrania, mesocrania and dolichocrania. With a transverse-longitudinal index of 74.9 or less, dolichocrania was determined, from 75.0 to 79.9 – mesocrania, with a cranial index of 80.0 or more – brachycrania. When measuring the transverse diameter of the skull, the lowest value of the dolichocranic skull shape was obtained, while in the brachiocranic and mesocranic skull shapes these values were higher by 5.9 % and 2.9 %, respectively (p 0.05). Statistically significant differences in longitudinal diameter were noted between the three skull shapes. The obtained craniometry results of the cerebral part of the skull show that the main parameters by which the shapes of the skulls differ in males of mature age of the second period are the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the skull and the length of its base.
Fetal monitoring in labour: Best practice for diagnosis, monitoring and treatment (clinical recommendation)
Authors: Shklyar Alexey L. , Sviridova Natalia I.
Published: January 2024

Worldwide, the problem of adequate diagnosis of intrauterine fetus state is extremely relevant. Postponed hypoxia in labour remains the leading cause of stillbirth, neonatal mortality, as well as early and late neonatal and infant morbidity. Ongoing advances in clinical care, especially in diagnosis and management, require efforts to effectively translate these changes to the wide range of obstetric care providers. This article (guideline) covers methods for monitoring the wellbeing of the baby during labour. It includes risk assessment to determine the appropriate level of fetal monitoring, using clinical assessment in addition to fetal monitoring, and interpreting and acting on monitoring findings. This article is directed at multiple stakeholders, including healthcare providers, healthcare delivery organizations and providers and professional organizations.
Analysis of the results of combined optimized YAG-laser trabeculostomy technology in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Balalin Alexander S. , Fokin Viktor P. , Балалин Sergei V. , Jashi Benta G.
Published: January 2024

Two groups of patients were included in the study: the control group (prospectively) was 65 patients (65 eyes) with POAG I–II st. before and after SLT, and the main group (prospectively) was 60 patients (60 eyes) with POAG I-II st. before and after optimized YAG-laser trabeculostomy technology. Using OCT of the anterior segment of the eye the collector channel were localized relative to the Schlemm’s canal. After surgery, monitoring was performed after one day, one month, 3, 6, 12, 24 months. After optimized YAG-laser trabeculostomy, a pronounced hypotensive effect was observed as early as the first day after surgery and was 30 %, whereas with SLT the maximum hypotensive effect was observed 1 month after surgery (21.5 %). After optimized YAG-laser trabeculostomy, the hypotensive effect was maintained at 30.1 % and was 26.2 % of the initial level 2 years later. Combining optimized YAG-laser trabeculostomy technology in comparison with SLT offers faster IOP reduction to individual values, a more pronounced and sustained hypotensive effect (30 %), and allows more precise surgery in the projection of collector tubules using permissible laser energy values.
Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of restorations in the cervical region of teeth by direct and indirect method
Authors: Derevyanchenko Svetlana P. , Makedonova Yulia A. , Klurfeld Vladimir D. , Enina Yulianna I. , Sevbitov Andrey V. , Kerobyan Victoria I.
Published: January 2024

Restoration of cervical lesions of teeth is one of the most urgent problems of modern dentistry. Defects of the cervical region have different etiology, pathophysiology of the development of the defect formation process. The method of direct restoration of defects of various etiologies in the cervical region of the tooth is the most frequent method of restoration. According to many authors, this method is not always effective. One of the initial tasks in dentistry is to replace the lost tooth structure with a material whose composition and physical properties are similar to the natural tissues of the tooth. This goal can be achieved using CAD/CAM technology. The chemical stability of hybrid ceramics provides not only excellent biocompatibility, but also good physical, mechanical and optical properties.
Clinical possibilities of applying the method of photostatic biometrics of plaster models of jaws
Authors: Dmitrienko Dmitry S. , Shkarin Vladimir V. , Fomin Igor V. , Dmitrienko Tatyana D.
Published: January 2024

The development of modern methods of biometrics is an urgent task of clinical dentistry. Aim. To determine the clinical possibilities of applying the method of photostatic biometrics of plaster models of jaws.
Material and methods. A retrospective study was conducted on 46 pairs of plaster jaw models with physiological occlusion. Biometrics of jaw models from plaster was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The method of photostatic biometrics of jaw models is based on photographing models with a ruler for the convenience of subsequent scaling. The photo was marked with landmarks and reference lines in various directions.
Results. The depth of the dental arch, or molar sagittal of the upper arch, when measured on the models was (44.16 ± 1.14) mm, and in the photo – (47.31 ± 1.29) (p ˂ 0.05). On the lower jaw, the dimensions were (44.86 ± 1.05) mm and (40.46 ± 1.2) mm, respectively (p ˂ 0.05). The differences in the size of the arc depth are explained by the complexity of the biometrics of plaster models and the determination of the landmark (conditional transversal) using a conventional caliper and ruler. Rotation angles of the second molars averaged (15.01 ± 0.21) degrees on the upper jaw and (12.49 ± 0.18) degrees on the lower arch. The first upper molars were rotated at (19.96 ± 0.22) degrees, and the lower ones were slightly smaller (17.52 ± 0.16) degrees.
Conclusion. Thus, the method of photostatic biometrics of plaster models of jaws can be used as an additional study designed to assess the position of key teeth and interstitial point when superimposed on the model of various geometric shapes and the template of the individualized dental arch and allows you to determine the angles of rotation of the teeth.
On the question of choosing the most valid methods for diagnostics of pulpal hyperemia
Authors: Myasoedova Ksenia A. , Firsova Irina V. , Popova Alexandra N. , Krainov Sergey V.
Published: January 2024

The choice of the most optimal methods for the diagnosis and treatment of reversible forms of pulpitis is an urgent issue of modern practical endodontics. The dental pulp is unique in its histological structure, innervation and microcirculation. Reversible forms of pulpitis (including pulp hyperemia) are associated with a number of morphological and functional changes in the neurovascular bundle, which, at their early stages, are not fully detected during clinical examination, and require the inclusion of additional functional diagnostic methods, which include not only in the assessment of the nerve elements of the pulp (EOD), but also the study of the state of microcirculation (LDF), a change in which can become a predictor of the inflammatory response. In order to determine the most valid method for assessing the condition of the pulp in reversible forms of pulpitis, 43 young people with a diagnosis of K04.00 (pulp hyperemia) deep caries were examined and treated. Each patient was assessed carious and intact (symmetrical) teeth. At the same time, in addition to clinical diagnostic methods, EOD and LDF were used (M and σ were evaluated). Within two weeks, after the treatment, in 2 patients with the highest values of EOD (19 and 21 μA at the time of the initial examination) and LDF (M: 21.14 and 23.56 arb. units and σ: 0.82 and 0.85 conventional units) was diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis, which required a different treatment strategy. Therefore, when diagnosing reversible forms of pulpitis, it is necessary to be guided not only by the data of a clinical examination (which is undoubtedly the main and determining one), but also to assess the state of the vascular and nervous elements of the pulp, changes in which often anticipate the clinical manifestations of the pathology of the pulp of the tooth.
Dynamics of parameters of human cardiovascular and respiratory systems under the influence of speleoclimat
Authors: Semiletova Vera A. , Kardashov Egor A.
Published: January 2024

Speleotherapy uses the conditions of salt mines and caves to treat diseases of the skin and respiratory systems, to restore patients after illnesses, to maintain health, and stimulate the immune system. The purpose of this study is to study the dynamics of the parameters of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of a person under the influence of speleoclimate. The study involved studens of 1–2 courses of the Voronezh State Medical University. N.N. Burdenko. Every day for 10 days of speleotherapy after the end of speleotherapy, blood pressure, pulse, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and lung capacity were measured. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using Excel and StatPlus Pro programs. It was revealed that human adaptation to the speleoclimate occurs both due to the frequency and strength of the heart contraction. The dynamics of the parameters of the respiratory system under the influence of speleoclimate reflects the adaptation of the study participants to the speleoclimate mainly due to the depth of breathing, to a lesser extent – due to the frequency of breathing. Mobilization of adaptive resources and the state of tension of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems during the development of the anxiety stage under the influence of speleoclimate is formed mainly due to intersystem mechanisms. Tension in the cardiovascular system persists after the 10th speleo procedure. It is shown that the speleoclimate has the ability to restore the vegetative status of a person. Differences in the dynamics of breathing parameters in girls and boys under the influence of speleoclimate were revealed.
Dynamics of intraocular pressure in patients with refractory glaucoma after transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in micropulse mode
Authors: Chuprov Alexander D. , Fomenko Anna V.
Published: January 2024

A retrospective analysis of IOP values was carried out in 38 patients (38 eyes) with refractory glaucoma stage III–IV after transscleral micropulse cyclophotocoagulation (mCPC) using the Cyclo G6 IRIDEX device on the next day after the procedure, after 1 month, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery. The dynamics of IOP in the postoperative period largely depends on the initial values of the clinical parameter and does not depend on the patient’s age (p = 0.32), glaucoma stage (p = 0.46), history of antiglaucoma surgery (p = 0.34), the number of used drugs (p = 0.72). After mCPC, patients with lower baseline IOP values have a higher decrease in the indicator (-36 %) and a gradual increase by the follow-up period of 12–24 months compared with patients with high baseline IOP values.
Features of the influence of emotional state on the implementation of arbitrary purposeful bimanual movements
Authors: Tkachenko Pavel V. , Kononenko Nikolay S. , Zatolokina Maria A. , Prasolova Yulia A.
Published: January 2024

The emotional state has a significant impact on the autonomic and somatic nervous systems, which give various manifestations. All external manifestations of emotions are strictly determined and begin to be realized when the cortical areas are activated. The leading role in the realization of the emotional state belongs to the frontal lobes of the cortex and the limbic system. The precentral sulcus is the cortical center of complex purposeful movements. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of the emotional state on the implementation of the motor program of bimanual purposeful voluntary movement. The emotional state was determined using the K scale. Izard. The bimanual motor activity of the hands was measured using the method of supportmetry. As a result of the study, it was found that a negative emotional state leads to a decrease in the reaction rate of the reaction to an error, which may be caused by a change in the initial alignment between the motor cortex and the limbic system.
Reaction of the oral mucosa to damage and its regeneration during cytostatic therapy
Authors: Leontieva Irina V. , Pavlova Tatyana V. , Kulaeva Violetta V. , Iseeva Elena A. , Zatolokina Maria A. , Kaplin Anton N. , Leontieva Anna A.
Published: January 2024

Objective: Experimental study of the damaging effect of cytostatics on the oral mucosa, disruption of the protective mechanisms of the mucous membrane, as well as assessment of the reversibility of these changes.

Materials and methods: Using histological, morphometric, and quantitative histochemical methods, the mucous membrane of the tongue was studied on 40 mature white outbred mice after intraperitoneal administration of the cytostatic cyclophosphamide (CP) at a dose of 400 mg/kg for 5 days (20 animals). Animals in the control group (20 mice) were injected with isotonic sodium chloride solution at the same frequency. The material was obtained 24 hours and 20 days after the last injection of the drug. The condition of the oral mucosa (OM) on the ventral surface of the tongue was assessed.

Results: Exposure to CP led to damage to all layers of the mucous membrane: the processes of proliferation and keratinization of the integumentary epithelium were disrupted, and synthetic processes in the epithelial cells of the small mixed salivary glands were disrupted. The number of granulocytes and mast cells decreased, and the relative volume of blood vessels in the connective tissue of the mucous membrane decreased. The changes were reversible.

Conclusions: Cytostatic therapy leads to damage to the oral mucosa and disruption of its supraepithelial, epithelial and subepithelial protective mechanisms. There is a high degree of regeneration of the mucous membranes after the withdrawal of the cytostatic drug.
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction After Combined Carotid Endarterectomy and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Maleva O. V. , Korotkevich A. A. , Trubnikova O. A. , Semenov S. E. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: January 2024

Objective: to study the contribution of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) indicators to the diagnosis of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients with multifocal atherosclerosis (MFA) with heart and brain revascularization.Material and methods. The study involved 45 patients with MFA of coronary and precerebral arteries. We analyzed patients’ cognitive indicators and conducted brain scintigraphy before and after revascularization. The criteria for inclusion in the study were: scheduled combined revascularization of coronary and precerebral arteries; signed informed consent to participate in the study. Criteria for exclusion were: refusal to participate in the study, diseases that would prevent examination. The study of cognitive functions was performed using flow was assessed by single-photon emission computed tomography using lipophilic radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-HMPAO “Ceretec”.Results. The frequency of early POCD in the isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) group was 73.3%, in the combined carotid endarterectomy (СEA) and CABG group it was 72.5% (p ˃ 0.05). The rCBF index in the isolated CABG group compared with the combined СEA and CABG group was higher in the right and left temporal lobes (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04), in the right frontal lobe (p = 0.03), right parietal lobe (p = 0.005), and in the right and left occipital lobes (p = 0.03 and p = 0.03). In the postoperative period, in the isolated CABG group, right parietal lobe perfusion (p = 0.01), and right and left occipital lobe perfusion (p = 0.01 and p = 0.01) decreased compared to the baseline values. In the combined СEA and CABG group, in the early postoperative period, cerebral perfusion did not change significantly. Right parietal lobe perfusion was higher in the isolated CABG group compared with the combined CABG and СEA group (p = 0.04). The greatest contribution to the development of early POCD in patients after isolated CABG was made by the left temporal lobe perfusion (p = 0.025), in patients after combined CABG and СEA – by the right parietal lobe perfusion (p = 0.04) in the early postoperative period.Conclusion. Assessment of cerebral perfusion in patients before and after surgery can be used to identify areas affected during surgery, as a method for monitoring the safety of procedure, and as an assessment of the preventive methods against POCD.
Dynamic Hepatocholescintigraphy with Bromesida® 99mTc
Authors: Mironov S. P. , Sergienko V. B.
Published: January 2024

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy using radiopharmaceuticals (RPh) labeled with short-lived technetium‑99m (99mТс) has been used since the mid‑1970s and still retains its diagnostic value. The lecture focuses on key aspects of the pharmacokinetics of lidocaine analogs based on N-substitutions of iminodiacetic acid. The methodology and diagnostic significance of hepatocholescintigraphy with Bromesida® 99mTс (mebrofenin), including computer registration of RPh passage, anatomical and functional characteristics of liver, bile ducts, gallbladder and duodenum, are considered. Scintigraphic semiotics in choledochal cysts, acute and chronic cholecystitis, gallbladder and duodenum dyskinesia, are discussed. The presented clinical case illustrates the possibilities of Bromesida® 99mTс scintigraphy in the gallbladder form anomaly.
Kinerja Ekspor Indonesia: Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 vs Perang Rusia
Authors:   Jurusan Ilmu Ekonomi Pembangunan, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Arifin Samsul
Published: January 2024

Apakah COVID menjadi penghambat arus perdagangan Indonesia vs perang mendongkrak ekspor Indonesia? Penerapan model gravitasi metode fixed effect data panel OLS untuk mengatasi masalah endogenitas periode 2018q1–2022q3. Hasil positif signifikan PDB eksportir dan importir serta hasil negatif signifikan jarak membuktikan validitas model gravitasi. Hasil negatif signifikan dummy COVID-19 dan hasil positif signifikan dummy war menunjukkan ekspor Indonesia dengan mitra dagang selama COVID-19 mengalami penurunan, sedangkan dampak perang mampu mendorong peningkatan arus perdagangan internasional melalui peningkatan impor ke Indonesia. CAFTA akan meningkatkan volume perdagangan, tetapi efeknya tidak signifikan. Potensi peningkatan ekspor Indonesia ke depan sejalan dengan berakhirnya COVID-19 dan belum berakhirnya perang.
Maqashid Sharia Study on Minerals and Coal Law in Indonesia
Authors: Ahmad Lutfi Rijalul Fikri
Published: January 2024

Maqashid Sharia is a law-making principle that aims to bring Islamic teachings in line with various contexts encountered, including in today's modern context. This includes the application of Law Number 3 of 2020 concerning Minerals and Coal which has recently become a polemic among the people. Maqashid Sharia analysis is deemed necessary because it is in direct contact with the benefits and harms that will arise from the implementation of this legislation. This research is a normative legal research using a conceptual approach (Maqashid Syariah) and statutory approach (statute approach) with qualitative descriptive and interpretation techniques to find compatibility between the applicable laws and regulations and Maqashid Syaria. The result of this research is that the principles of Maqashid Syaria are accommodated in the Mineral and Coal Law that applies in Indonesia. Where the goal of community welfare or in the language of Islamic law is called Mashlahah 'Ammah contained in this Minerba Law indicates that this law is in accordance with the Shari'a goals in the formation and determination of a law. However, this Minerba Law cannot be separated from criticism regarding the potential for harm arising from the stipulation of several articles which are considered controversial by several legal experts. Therefore, the principle of producing good and avoiding or minimizing bad is a basic principle in Maqshid Syariah that legislators should pay attention to in making a law so that the resulting statutory decisions are in line with shari’a goals.
Institutionalization of Ḥisbah: A Means to Achieve Peaceful and Credible Elections in Nigeriaa
Authors: Shaykh Ahmad Yahya , Yusuph Dauda Gambari
Published: January 2024

The important pillar of the so-called democracy, which is an election, has been violent and marked by problems ranging from rigging, vote buying, illegal printing of voters’ cards, illegal possession of ballot boxes, stuffing of ballot boxes, underage voting, and falsification of election results to manipulation of results in Nigeria. Thus, the Nigerian experience with elections since independence has been quite challenging despite that conduct of elections is the only acceptable means through which the citizens of a democratic country can choose their representatives. This paper therefore appraises one of the important institutions introduced by Islam to cater to the promotion of good and prohibition of evil (ḥisbah) in society with a view to underline the importance of its institutionalization to stem the menace of electoral malpractices in Nigeria. The reason is that the institution of ḥisbah was successfully deployed during the classical periods of Islam to arrest cases of cheating in the marketplaces as well as the public dispositions. The study employs a qualitative research methodology based on literature review. Data collected from a variety of books, periodicals, and other sources, were then subjected to analysis. The findings of the study reveal that the electoral malpractices that characterized the past elections will be overcome and credible elections will be achieved if ḥisbah is institutionalized in the country. It concludes that the advocacy for its introduction in Nigeria is not an attempt to Islamize the country but a yearning call for the injection of an efficient institution that can change the narrative of electoral fraud in Nigeria as it was practiced in the Northern part of the country before its colonization.
PELACAKAN TITIK DAYA MAKSIMUM PHOTOVOLTAIC DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER DENGAN ALGORITMA P&O
Authors: Matalata Hendi , Wustha Johar Leily , Eka Yandra Fadli
Published: January 2024

Photovoltaic (PV) merupakan sumber energi terbarukan yang ramah lingkungan. Ketika Photovoltaic dihubungkan langsung ke beban, daya yang dikirimkan ke beban bukanlah daya yang optimal. Oleh karena itu penting untuk mendapatkan daya maksimum dari sistem PV sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi. Berbagai teknik pelacakan titik daya maksimum (MPPT) dari sistem PV diusulkan, seperti Algoritma Perturb and Observe (P&O). Teknik MPPT biasanya terbatas pada kondisi cuaca yang seragam. Penelitian ini menyajikan sistem MPPT rangkaian DC-DC Boost converter pada kondisi terjadi perubahan iradiasi matahari, masing-masing perubahan diasumsikan selama 5 jam dan suhu sekitar 250C, adapun besar iradiasi matahari adalah 300 W/m2, 500 W/m2 , 700 W/m2 dan 1000 W/m2. Dari hasil peneltian yang dilakukan dengan bantuan simulasi MATLAB didapatkan efesien rata 95,6% dan mendapatkan pelacakan MPP osilasi rendah serta respon cepat dan dinamis selama kondisi cuaca stabil.
Utilization of Digital Books in Increasing Students' Reading Interest
Authors: Wirdiyana Adhista Ayu , Sunaengsih Cucun , Syahid Aah Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Along with the times, technology in its development certainly brings life changes, especially in the world of education which will also continue to develop. Nowadays all activities we can enjoy through mobile phones. The use of technology as a learning medium is an innovative step to improve the quality and quality of education in Indonesia, this can be seen in the Indonesian Ministry of Education which supports utilizing technology as a form of utilizing digital technology as a learning medium, namely by utilizing digital books. The purpose of this study is to provide new information about fun learning resources for students, namely through the use of digital books to increase reading interest. This study used the PTK method (classroom action research) using the research subjects of grade IV elementary school students at SDN Kebarepan 1 Kab. Cirebon totaling 30 students, using collections in the form of questionnaires, observations, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study in the form of an answered questionnaire disseminated by a researcher on the use of digital books showed that the use of digital books can increase students' reading interest as shown by an increase in their reading interest indicators, and can improve reading skills shown by an increase in their reading ability test results, starting from an average of 61 in the pre-PTK test, to 79 in the first cycle PTK test and to 83 in the second cycle PTK test.
Did Turkey Experience Reductions in Air Pollution During The Covid-19 Lockdown and Partial Lockdown?
Authors: YENER İsmet , DEMİRARSLAN Kazım Onur
Published: January 2024

Air pollution, one of humanity's essential environmental problems due to the increasing population and urbanization, negatively affects the ecosystem and public health. During reduced human activity, such as martial law, war, and pandemics like COVID-19, improvements in air quality may be observed due to diminished anthropogenic impact. The novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has caused widespread illness and fatalities. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a state of emergency at the end of December 2019 following the first recognition of the virus in Wuhan. The Turkish government declared this state on March 11, 2020, and implemented some measures, including a lockdown (LD) and a partial lockdown (PLD), to protect public and human health. The present study aims to determine the impact of LD and PLD on the air quality of fourteen selected cities in Turkey that participated in all LDs during the state of emergency on weekends and national and religious holidays. The hourly air quality data used in the study were collected from 105 air monitoring stations in fourteen cities. The non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test, followed by the Dunn's Bonferroni test for pairwise comparison, was employed to determine the differences in air quality between years. The findings indicated significant reductions in air pollution during LD and PLD: 21.1-40.3% and 8.9-29.8% in PM10, respectively, and 30.2-50.8% and 2.6-22.4% in NOx, respectively. SO2 and CO also varied significantly. While the changes in SO2 during LD and PLD went from 0.0% to 5.7% and -2.4% to 1.2%, respectively, those in CO ranged from -6.6% to 29.6% and 1.3% to 33.2%, respectively.
Anti-COVID-19 Potential of Withaferin-A and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester
Authors: Kumar Vipul , Sari Anissa Nofita , Gupta Dharmender , Ishida Yoshiyuki , Terao Keiji , Kaul Sunil C. , Vrati Sudhanshu , Sundar Durai , Wadhwa Renu
Published: January 2024

Background:

The recent COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic triggered research
on the development of new vaccines/drugs, repurposing of clinically approved drugs, and
assessment of natural anti-COVID-19 compounds. Based on the gender difference in the severity
of the disease, such as a higher number of men hospitalized and in intense care units, variations in
sex hormones have been predicted to play a role in disease susceptibility. Cell surface receptors
(Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; ACE2 and a connected transmembrane protease serine 2-
TMPSS2) are upregulated by androgens. Conversely, androgen antagonists have also been shown
to lower ACE2 levels, implying their usefulness in COVID-19 management.

Objective:

In this study, we performed computational and cell-based assays to investigate the anti-
COVID-19 potential of Withaferin-A and Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, natural compounds from
Withania somnifera and honeybee propolis, respectively

Methods:

Structure-based computational approach was adopted to predict binding stability, interactions,
and dynamics of the two test compounds to three target proteins (androgen receptor,
ACE2, and TMPRSS2). Further, in vitro, cell-based experimental approaches were used to investigate
the effect of compounds on target protein expression and SARS-CoV-2 replication.

Results:

Computation and experimental analyses revealed that (i) CAPE, but not Wi-A, can act as
androgen antagonist and hence inhibit the transcriptional activation function of androgen receptor,
(ii) while both Wi-A and CAPE could interact with ACE2 and TMPRSS2, Wi-A showed higher
binding affinity, and (iii) combination of Wi-A and CAPE (Wi-ACAPE) caused strong downregulation
of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression and inhibition of virus infection.

Conclusion:

Wi-A and CAPE possess multimodal anti-COVID-19 potential, and their combination
(Wi-ACAPE) is expected to provide better activity and hence warrant further attention in the
laboratory and clinic.
Budburst dynamics of Norway spruce seedlings (Picea abies Karst.) – selection for late spring frosts resistence
Authors: Cvjetković Branislav , Mataruga Milan , Daničić Vanja , Šijačić-Nikolić Mirjana
Published: January 2024

Norway spruce is one of the most commonly used species for new forest planting in Europe. It is planted in a large number of habitats, often without following the previous results in the success of afforestation. In order to improve Norway spruce afforestation, open field tests were established in which developmental phenophases are monitored. The use of planting material of different provenances, which had not previously been tested for habitat conditions, was often the cause of the decline of newly planted forests. Early budburst of Norway spruce causes losses due to the freezing of terminal buds. Norway spruce testing for different habitat conditions in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) was conducted at two ecologically different localities: Srebrenica (eastern part of B&H) and Drinić (western part of B&H). During 3 years, the budburst on the seedlings originating from 6 populations (Han Pijesak 1, Han Pijesak 2, Foča, Olovo, Kneževo and Potoci) was monitored. The budburst dynamics was monitored in 2013, 2015 and 2016 and it was recorded for each seedling in two progeny tests. Seedlings from the Kneževo population budbursted the earliest. The seedlings would start budburst on different days of the year, depending partly on the temperature sums and their origin. The earliest budburst was recorded in 2013 (119th day of the year in Srebrenica and 121st day of the year in Drinić). During 2015 and 2016, the budburst started later (125th day in Srebrenica and 129th day in Drinić). Temperature cumulants indicate that a smaller sum of temperatures was required for the buburst in the Srebrenica test than in the Drinić test. However, the temperature sums did not clearly indicate the budburst pattern because they were different for each observed year, but the populations ranking was almost the same. This indicates the influence of some other variables on the budburst. The knowing of the data on the budburst dynamics are a prerequisite for a successful selection of starting populations from which planting material is produced and new forests are later planted. Population Kneževo had the earliest budburst but population Han Pijesak 2 had the latest budburst.
Field performance of Austrian pine bareroot seedlings in comparision to seedlings pattern and density in the nursery
Authors: Devetaković Jovana R , Pavlović Slavko , Krinulović Lučian , Kerkez Janković Ivona
Published: January 2024

The Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) is a species often used in afforestation/reforestation programs in Serbia and region. Seedlings quality has a great role in outplanting survival and growth. Nursery cultural practice has a central influence on seedlings morphological attributes, so we tested seedlings quality from different seedbed densities and seedlings patterns and their outplanting success. Two-year-old bareroot seedlings were grown in very high densities (110 seedlings m-1 in rows and 750 seedlings m-2 across all seedbed space) and high densities (65 seedlings m-1in rows and 450 seedlings m-2 across all seedbed space). Morphological attributes (root collar diameter - RCD, height - H, sturdiness coefficient - SQ, root length – Rl, dry weight of shoot - SDW and root - RDW, shoot to root ration - S:R and quality index - QI) of seedlings from different densities were tested in the nursery before outplanting and compare with seedlings survival and growth (root collar diameter – RCD1 and height – H1) one year after field growing. Seedlings from different densities had accepted RCD (>3 mm) for field planting and there were significant differences in their morphological attributes, except Rl and S:R. The best survival was recorded at seedlings from highest seedbed densities (93.33%), opposite with many previous researches. Seedlings grown across all seedbed space (450 seedlings per m-2) keep their advantage in growth after first year, although survival was lowest (46.67%).
The effect of temperature on the Fusarium sambucinum growth from the one-year-old Fraxinus excelsior seedlings in Montenegro
Authors: Vemić Aleksandar , Radulović Zlatan
Published: January 2024

Species complex Fusarium sambucinum was frequently isolated from ash stands in Montenegro. Previous researches revealed that it is dangerous pathogen for one-year-old seedlings. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of temeperature on growth and morphological characteristics of morphotype isolated from one-year-old common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) seedlings in Montenegro. Growth of Fusarium sambucinum pure cultures on different temperatures was the fastest on 25°C while the absence of growth occurred on 32.5°C. Cultures on optimum temperature were white reddish, aerial and with a lot hyaline, curved multi septate conidia. This research covers basic ecological and morphological characteristics of Fusarium sambucinum strain responsible for high pathogenicity towards one-year-old common ash seedlings in Montenegro.
Forests in Women’s Hands - brief information
Authors: Forests in Women's Hands
Published: January 2024

The "Forests in Women's Hands" project (Fem4Forest) has started in July 2020 and involves 14 partners from 10 countries (Slovenia, Croatia, Austria, Germany, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Romania, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Ukraine). The project is funded under the Interreg Danube Transnational Program. The leading partner is the Forestry Institute of Slovenia. In Serbia, the project partner is the University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry, and the associated strategic partner is the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management - Directorate for Forests.
Use of magnesium in bareroot pine nurseries
Authors: South David B.
Published: January 2024

Pines with visible magnesium (Mg) deficiencies (i.e. yellow tips on needles) occur in bareroot nurseries throughout the world. The occurrence of “yellow-tips” is rare when soil pH is above 6.5 but they have occurred on sands (pH < 6.0) with less than 25 μg g-1 Mg.  If yellow-tips occur in the summer, the foliar content of yellow tips is usually less than 1,000 μg g-1 Mg. Some nurseries do not produce “yellow-tip” seedlings when irrigation water contains sufficient Mg. Factors favoring a deficiency include low soil pH, high calcium in irrigation water, frequent fertilization with nitrogen and potassium and applying too much gypsum. Although various Mg fertilizers are available, many nursery managers apply dolomite or potassium-magnesium sulfate before sowing seeds and a few also apply magnesium sulfate in July or August. Soil tests are used to determine when to fertilize before sowing and foliage tests determine when to apply Mg to green seedlings. Nursery managers who follow S.A. Wilde’s forest-based soil recommendations may apply magnesium sulfate to green seedlings even when seedbeds contain adequate levels of Mg.  When deficiency is minor, chlorosis on needle tips usually disappears before the fall equinox and, when applied at this time, Mg fertilizers have little or no effect on height growth.  This paper reviews some of the past and current uses of Mg in bareroot nurseries and highlights a need for additional research.
Use of calcium in bareroot pine nurseries
Authors: South David B.
Published: January 2024

Bareroot nursery managers may apply dolomite, gypsum, or Ca-nitrate to increase Ca in nursery soils. Although a few managers follow S.A. Wilde’s recommendations and maintain soil at levels of 500 to 1,000 μg g-1 Ca, there is no need to keep Ca levels this high.  In contrast, managers at sandy nurseries apply Ca when soil tests drop below 200 μg g-1 Ca. In fact, acceptable pine seedlings have been produced in irrigated soil with <100 μg g-1 available Ca. In plantations, asymptomatic wildlings grow when topsoil contains 17 μg g-1 Ca. In sandy soils, applying too much gypsum can result in a temporary Mg deficiency and too much lime will result in chlorotic needles. Managers apply Ca when foliar levels fall below a published “critical value.” The belief that the critical value for Ca varies by stock type is not valid. In fact, numerous “critical” values are invalid since they were not determined using growth response curves. Critical values determined for small seedlings using CaCl2 in sand are apparently not valid for use in bareroot nurseries.   At bareroot nurseries, the soil extractable Ca level can decline during a year by 30 μg g-1 or more. Harvesting 1.7 million pine seedlings may remove 20 kg ha-1 of Ca but irrigation can replace this amount or more. When water contains 5 mg l-1 Ca, 600 mm of irrigation will add 30 kg ha-1 Ca.  In some areas, 1,000 mm of rainfall will supply 7 kg ha-1 Ca. Even when a Mehlich 1 test shows no exchangeable Ca in the topsoil, pine needles on tall trees may exceed 2,000 μg g-1 Ca due to root growth in subsoil. There are few documented cases of deficient pine needles (<300 μg g-1 Ca) in irrigated nurseries in Australia, New Zealand, Scotland and in the Americas. Even when soil fumigation delays the inoculation of ectomycorrhiza, bareroot pines have adequate levels of Ca. Typically, foliage samples from pine nurseries contain at least 1,000 μg g-1 Ca. Samples from 9-month-old seedlings range from 300 to 11,000 μg g-1 Ca. Although the “critical value” for Pinus echinata foliage is not known, 1-0 seedlings with 300 μg g-1 Ca were not stunted and apparently grew well after ouplanting.
Variability of morpho-anatomical features of black pine needles at the area of Jastrebac and Goč
Authors: Živanović Kristina , Jokanović Dušan
Published: January 2024

In this paper the variability of morphological (needle length and needle width) and anatomical (needle thickness, resin ducts width, epidermis thickness, hypodermis height and number of the hypodermis layers) properties of black pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold) needles were studied at the intra- and inter-population levels. Two mountains in Serbia, Jastrebac and Goč, were selected as experimental plots. Three black pine trees were selected from both localities (6 in total). Obtained results showed that trees on Goč had bigger dimensions of the following elements: needle length, needle width, hypodermis height, number of hypodermis layers, needle thickness and epidermis thickness. On the other hand, only resin ducts width was greater by the trees from Jastrebac. The results of the analysis of variance showed that variation between studied populations, as well as variation between trees within populations was statistically significant for all needle traits except resin ducts width and hypodermis height.
Zinc fertilization in bareroot pine seedbeds
Authors: South David B.
Published: January 2024

Zinc deficiencies are rare in pine seedlings with less than five documented cases in bareroot nurseries. One temporary deficiency occurred after soil was land-leveled (i.e., topsoil removed) and another occurred on a peat soil after more than 2,200 kg of agricultural lime was applied before sowing. Farmers also observe zinc deficiencies on (1) over-limed areas and (2) where Zn-demanding crops are grown on areas where topsoil was removed during land leveling. Since ZnSO4 is a naturally occurring pesticide, sometimes height growth increases are due to pest control. In pathogen-rich soils, pine growth may be improved more by the fungicidal effect than by a growth benefit from added sulphur and zinc. As a result, a pseudo-deficient response is possible when growth of non-deficient seedlings increases after treatment with large amounts of ZnSO4 or ZnCl2. In some trials, claims of a Zn deficiency have been made without supporting evidence from foliar tests or from tests using pathogen-free soil. Although fertilization with Zn increased seedling growth at pine nurseries in New Zealand, India, Russia, and Wisconsin, only at the Sweetwater Nursery in New Zealand did foliar tests prove a Zn deficiency.
General over-view of forest establishment in Turkey
Authors: Bilir Nebi
Published: January 2024

Turkey has 9.64 million hectares of unproductive forests 43% of the total forest area according, to 2016â€™ forest inventory. Forest establishment including afforestation, reforestation, rehabilitation and private plantation is the most important method to convert unproductive forest into productive ones, and also to increase present productivity of product forest by improved seed and seedling materials. Turkish forest establishment is examined based on past, present, and future perspectives according to forest inventory from 1946 to 2015 in the present study to contribute present and future establishment.
A Model of Forming a Dynamic Structure for Establishing the Source of Messages in the Receiver's Memory
Authors: Chesnokova А. A.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of research is increasing the speed of procedures for determining the data source in the block coupling mode, due to the analysis of the dynamic list structure of messages formed in the receiver's memory as a result of intermediate calculations.

Methods. The model of forming a dynamic list structure is based on the hardware implementation of the method of limiting the set of data blocks processed by the receiver. The data package includes a special service word, the contents of which are checked for falling into the range of values formed by the receiver when each data block is received. The described restriction reduces the number of typical comparison operations of service words performed when determining the source of messages, and also reduces the likelihood of errors in determining the data source.

Results. Based on the model of the formation of a dynamic tree-like list structure, distributions of a priori probabilities of the number of nodes of a certain level are obtained in case of errors in determining the data source and without them. This allows us to obtain significant a posteriori error probabilities depending on the observed number of nodes of a certain level. The criteria for making a decision on the error of determining the source based on the calculation of the number of nodes before the complete completion of the formation of the tree structure and before the stage of its analysis are formulated. This reduces the computational complexity of the procedure for determining the data source in the block coupling mode and reduces the memory costs for storing intermediate results.

Conclusion. In the course of the study, it was revealed that for sequences of messages with a length of more than 20, the detection of more than 8 extraneous branches of the dynamic list structure being formed allows us to state with a 90% probability that the procedure for determining the source ended in an error. The refusal to transmit subsequent sequence messages and to perform processing operations of the tree structure allows to increase the speed of the procedure for determining the source of messages and reduce its computational complexity.
Using Metaprogramming Tools of the Common Lisp Language for the Development of Emulator Systems
Authors: Chaplygin А. А.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of research is to analyze and use metaprogramming in the Common Lisp language when designing and implementing emulators that simulate computer system hardware. The metaprogramming, the macro tools of the Common Lisp language and the use of macros for metaprogramming are considered.

Methods. The Lisp language is characterized by its use of uniform S-expressions to represent data and programs. Thus, data can be part of a program and vice versa: a program can be data. Common Lisp macro tools allow you to directly modify the abstract syntax tree of a program, and thus it is possible to create new syntactic constructs to solve a given problem. When implementing emulator functions, macro tools of the Common Lisp language can be used to generate functions, where the common part of the functions is included in the macro, and the differences between the functions are specified in the parameters when calling the macros. Examples of this macros are: bit status register macros, generation of ariphmetic commands, comparation commands, memory commands. Using that you can significantly reduce the size of the program.

Results. As a result of computer modeling, a simulator of the NES architecture (MOS 6502 processor) was developed and implemented in the conventional object-orientied C# programming language and in the Common Lisp metaprogramming language. As a result, the simulator written in a language with metaprogramming support turned out to be more than 2 times smaller than the simulator written in C#.

Conclusion. The use of metaprogramming (using the example of creating emulators) can significantly reduce the size of a program, simplify and improve the program architecture, reduce the number of errors and improve the quality of programs. The use of domain specific languages lets reduce code size even more.