bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Discovery of Grounded Theory Practices for Software Engineering Research
Authors: Rozilawati Razali  , Mashal Kasem Alqudah  , Dzulaiha Aryanee Putri Zainal
Published: January 2021

Software engineering (SE) research addresses not only technical issues but also human behaviour. SE is considered as an immature discipline because many technical and social issues concerning software development and management have yet to be specified. SE in general is inclined towards quantitative approaches. Nevertheless, qualitative methods are still appropriate for SE research as the methods encourage deep understanding of subject matter. Grounded Theory (GT) is regarded as one of the potential qualitative methods that is applicable to SE research. The method is able to transform less and unknown SE phenomena into cohesive theories through systematic discovery of empirical data from the ground. This paper shares some encounters of using GT in SE research based on the reflection made on several SE research projects covering various phases of software development life cycle. The encounters are then transformed into adaptations and classified as GT practices for SE research, as an effort to inspire the spirit of using GT in SE particularly among novices. The practices embrace aspects concerning formulating research questions, handling preconceptions, utilising software tools, getting access to data and presenting theory and its development process. To illustrate on how the practices were derived, a case study is presented. The proposed GT practices could act as the starting point of adopting GT in SE research. They shall be refined and improved in future to possibly become best practices when more and more experience of using GT in SE are obtained.
Learning Analytics in Flipped Classrooms: A Scoping
Review
Authors: Algayres Muriel , Triantafyllou Evangelia
Published: January 2021

The Flipped Classroom (FC) is an instruction method, where
the traditional lecture and homework sessions are inverted. Online
material is given to students in order to gain necessary knowledge
before class, while class time is devoted to application of this
knowledge and reflection. The hypothesis is that there could be deep
and creative discussions when teacher and students physically meet,
which has known a significant surge of popularity in the past
decade. A marked recent trend in the FC is the increased use of
Learning Analytics (LA) to support the development of the FC and
students’ reflexive learning. The aim of this paper is to
investigate the literature on applications of LA in FCs, and to
determine the best practices and needs for technological development
supporting LA in the FC by means of a scoping review. This
literature review revealed that there is potential in using LA in
the FC, especially as a means to predict students’ learning outcome
and to support adaptive learning and improvement on the curriculum.
However, further long‑term studies and development is necessary to
encourage self‑directed learning in students and to develop the
whole of the FC for a more diverse population of students. We
anticipate an increased and expanded use of LA to come, with focus
on predictive and prescriptive analytics providing more adaptive
learning experience. We also anticipate that LA will expand beyond
data mining to correlate student performance and online engagement
with the aim to include a wider range of possibilities of
interventions and adaptation of the learning experience.
Factors Predicting Integration of E‑Learning by Preservice
Science Teachers: Structural Model Development and Testing
Authors: Olugbara Cecilia Temilola , Letseka Moeketsi
Published: January 2021

This study investigated the possible factors that predict
e‑learning integration into the teaching and learning of science
subjects among preservice science teachers. A unified e‑learning
integration model was developed in which factors such as attitude,
intention, skill and flow experience served as precursors of
e‑learning integration. This was done to help close the gap that no
previous studies have developed a structural model to statistically
explain the interactions among the most influential factors in
various technology integration models. The survey method was used to
gather data from 100 preservice science teachers and partial least
square structural equation modelling technique was applied for
structural path analysis and testing of the developed model. Results
revealed a good model fit and hypotheses formulated in this study
were faithfully supported. The results also revealed that all
factors investigated were found to be significant predictors of
e‑learning integration with skill standing out as the most
significant and strongest factor that predicts the integration of
e‑learning by preservice science teachers.
Examining Online Cheating in Higher Education Using
Traditional Classroom Cheating as a Guide
Authors: Adzima Kerry
Published: January 2021

Academic dishonesty in higher education is a perverse
problem affecting institutions of learning in many countries across
the globe. More alarmingly, numerous studies have pointed to
increasing rates of cheating and plagiarism over the past few
decades offering a wide array of explanations and theories for this
trend. A relatively new feature of both higher education and the
discussion of academic dishonesty involves the growing market for
online education. Within the last decade, online education has
become a permanent fixture increasing its reach in education markets
throughout the world. The trend of online education is seen as
bringing with it a new set of opportunities and challenges related
to academic dishonesty. With high rates of cheating already a
well‑documented problem in the traditional (face‑to‑face) learning
environment, it is important to analyze how online education factors
into this scenario. The goal of this paper is to provide the reader
with a critical analysis of the current literature on academic
dishonesty in online education and to propose areas for future
research where gaps in the literature exist.
Leveraging MoyaMA, WhatsApp and Online Discussion Forum to
Support Students at an Open and Distance e‑Learning
University
Authors: Chaka Chaka , Nkhobo Tlatso , Lephalala Mirriam
Published: January 2021

This paper reports on a study that integrated two instant
messaging applications (Moya Messenger App and WhatsApp) and a
myUnisa’s online discussion forum (ODF), and utilised them as tools
to support student learning at an open and distance e‑learning
university in South Africa. The participants in this study were 41
undergraduate education students enrolled for an undergraduate
English Studies module. Employing a case study research design, the
study utilised voluntary sampling to select its participants, and
set out to answer three research questions. Data were collected
through the three afore‑mentioned tools. To this effect, the study
made the following observations. First, both the instructor and
students were able to engage in asynchronous and synchronous
scaffolding using Moya Messenger App. This included engaging in
features of scaffolding such as orientation, coaching, conceptual
scaffolding and meta‑cognitive scaffolding, largely by the
instructor. Second, the instructor used Moya Messener App to engage
in presence teaching, while students utilised it to engage in
presence learning. Third, students utilised WhatsApp to produce
short synchronous formal essays based on a compare and contrast
essay writing activity. Fourth and last, students used myUnisa’s ODF
to produce meta‑content reflective writing about the
module.
Does Flipped Learning Promote Positive Emotions in Science
Education? A Comparison between Traditional and Flipped Classroom
Approaches
Authors: Jdaitawi Malek
Published: January 2021

: Flipped learning has become a popular approach for
supporting higher education, but less is known about its link with
the learners’ emotions, which are known to play an important role in
science education. The main purpose of this study is to analyse the
effects of the flipped learning approach on students’ learning
emotions. This research utilised a quasi‑experimental design with
two data collection time points (pre‑ and post‑study). The sample
involved 65 students from the science track in one Saudi university.
The participants were distributed into two groups, taught by the
traditional and the flipped learning methods respectively. Data
collection took place over a period of 4 study weeks. The results
show that the flipped mode group had obtained higher learning
emotions mean score compared to its traditional counterpart, and
they showed improvement in learning emotions mean score over the
period of the study. The findings indicate that further study is
needed both to validate the current study in a different context ,
and also to determine how the flipped learning environment can
better support students’ interactions and their emotions.
Students’ Creativity in Virtual vs. Classroom Courses on the
Basis of Their Personality Traits: A Prediction Study
Authors: Abedini Yasamin
Published: January 2021

The present study aims to compare the creativity of students
in virtual and classroom courses at University of Isfahan and study
its prediction based on the personality traits of these students.
The statistical population of the study consisted of all faculty
members and students at University of Isfahan in academic year
2017‑2018. Among them, 150 subjects were selected using Morgan Table
and random sampling method. The data collection was done through
Abedi’s Creativity Questionnaire (1993) and Costa and McCrae
Personality Questionnaire (1992). Data were analyzed by T‑test for
independent groups, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple
regression analysis. Results show that there is a significant
difference in creativity scores of students attending virtual
courses and those attending classroom courses, as well as between
female and male students. However, the relationship between
personality traits and creativity was significantly stronger among
classroom students than the virtual students, and these traits were
better predictors of creativity in classroom students than in
virtual students. Based on findings, it can be concluded that more
usage of the information and communication technologies such as
internet, wireless networks, cell phone, etc.(ICTs) by virtual
students not only increases their creativity, but also, as an
important environmental and intrapersonal factor, affects the
relationship between personality traits and creativity among these
students and weakens it. This finding shows the great role of
acquisitive‑digital factors in students’ creativity.
EFL Learners’ Perspectives on the use of Smartphones in
Higher Education Settings in Slovakia
Authors: Metruk Rastislav
Published: January 2021

MALL (Mobile assisted language learning) affords new
opportunities for EFL (English as a foreign language) learners and
teachers. Research on MALL is still in its infancy in Slovakia, and
this paper attempts to fill in this gap by examining students’
perception and attitudes towards the use of smartphones for the
purposes of learning and practicing English. The target population
of this study constituted of the Slovak university EFL learners
whose major was Teacher Training of English Language and Literature
(n = 77) at a Slovak university. The research method employed to
achieve the objectives of this study was a 5‑point Likert scale
questionnaire, comprising of two sets of statements: general and
out‑of‑the‑classroom statements with a total of 29 items. The
research results for both sets of statements imply that the
participants display moderately positive attitudes towards
smartphones in the context of EFL learning. However, the findings
also reveal some issues surrounding the perception and potential use
of smartphones such as the inability to plan students’ language
learning appropriately and effectively, general underuse of
smartphone apps, or problems related to practicing speaking skills.
The results further suggest the immediate need to develop and
enhance the awareness of smartphones and their potential in the
process of teaching and learning English so that the EFL learners
can utilize considerable opportunities these smart devices offer.
Finally, the limitations of this study are recognized, and it is
emphasized that conducting further research in this area is urgently
needed.
СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ КОММУНИКАТИВНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТИ ПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛЕЙ
ВУЗА В ПРОЦЕССЕ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ КВАЛИФИКАЦИИ
Authors: Назарматова Г. А.
Published: January 2021

Аннотация: В статье рассматривается роль коммуникативной компетентности в профессиональной деятельности преподавателей вуза и приводятся определения различных авторов. Определяется значимость системы повышения квалификации как способ совершенствования коммуникативной ком-
петентности преподавателей вузов. Приводятся составляющие структурные компоненты коммуникативной компетентности и даются их характеристики. Описываются цели, задачи и структура программы курса по совершенствованию коммуникативной компетентности преподавателей в рамках повышения квалификации. Отмечается динамика роста коммуникативной компетентности
преподавателей вуза, после прохождения обучения на курсе повышения квалификации по совершенствованию коммуникативной компетентности преподавателей вуза. Приводится описание компетенций, которыми овладеют слушатели, в результате обучения.
Аннотация: Макалада ЖОЖдун окутуучуларынын кесиптик ишиндеги коммуникативдик компетенттүүлүктүн ролу жана ар кандай авторлордун аныктамалары берилген. Үзгүлтүксүз билим берүү тутумунун мааниси ЖОЖдун окутуучуларынын коммуникативдик компетенттүүлүгүн өркүндөтүүнүн жолу катары аныкталат. Коммуникативдик компетенциянын түзүүчү компонент-
тери жана алардын мүнөздөмөлөрү келтирилген. Үзгүлтүксүз билим берүүнүн алкагында мугалимдердин коммуникативдик компетенттүүлүгүн өркүндөтүү курсунун программасынын максаттары, милдеттери жана түзүмү сүрөттөлгөн. ЖОЖдун окутуучуларынын коммуникативдик компетенттүүлүгүн жогорулатуу боюнча квалификацияны жогорулатуу курсунан өткөндөн кийин окутуучуларынын коммуникативдик компетенттүүлүгүнүн өсүү динамикасы белгиленди. Окуу-
нун натыйжасында курстун катышуучуларынын өздөштүрө турган компетенциялардын сүрөттөлүшү келтирилген.
Abstract: The article examines the role of communicative competence in the professional
development of a university teacher and provides definitions of various authors.
The significance of the continuing education system is determined as a way to improve
the communicative competence of university teachers. The constituent structural components
of communicative competence are given and their characteristics. There are
described goals, objectives and structure of the program of the course to improve the
communicative competence of teachers in the framework of continuing education. There
is noted dynamics of the growth of the communicative competence of university teachers
after passing training in a refresher course to improve the communicative competence of
university teachers. There is given a description of the competencies, for which as a result
of training course listener will master.
1MALAYSIA CONCEPT: ITS EFFECTIVENESS TO IPT STUDENTS
Authors: Othman Muhammad Fuad , Othman Zaheruddin , Abdullah Mohamad Ainuddin Iskandar Lee , Halim Fairol , Abdul Aziz Abdul Rahman , P Rajanthiran R Sivaperegasam , Mohd Tamizi Nik Fauziliana
Published: January 2021

This research discusses the effectiveness of the 1Malaysia Concept among university students. It analises whether the 1 Malaysia concept gave any effects on the values of unity among these students. This study employed a qualitative methodology that used questionnaires. Results showed that the majority of the students have been impacted by the 1Malaysia concept. However, some of the respondents stated that they were not impacted by this concept in their daily lives as students. Thus, efforts must be taken to enhance the values of national unity among university students. Efforts must start at the at-home and pre-school levels. It was also recommended that reforms must take place in the university education system through all programs to give exposure towards a more open and inclusive community which then will inculcate national unity.
La relación entre educador-educando en el contexto de la virtualidad educativa del COVID-19: afectos y prácticas pedagógicas desde una perspectiva feminista
Authors:   Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano, Barramuño Pérez Paulina , Salvo de Oliveira Beatriz , Yáñez Orellana Valentina
Published: January 2021

En el contexto de crisis sanitaria del COVID-19, la irrupción de la educación virtual escolar ha acentuado las desigualdades del sistema educativo chileno, donde las interacciones afectivas entre educador y educando se encuentran mediadas por los soportes tecnológicos. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es identificar la importancia del afecto para los docentes dentro de su práctica pedagógica desde una perspectiva feminista, determinar el uso de medios y recursos tecnológicos desde su posibilidad democratizadora y, por último, tipologizar las interacciones afectivas entre educador- educando en las actuales prácticas educativas virtuales. La metodología corresponde a un análisis cualitativo con un enfoque fenomenológico, un diseño de estudio de casos y la técnica de análisis es narrativa-fenomenológica, luego de la recolección de registros audiovisuales de clases y la generación de unidades de significado y categorías respecto a lo observado. Los resultados revelan la existencia de cuatro categorías y ocho subcategorías afectivas dentro de la práctica pedagógica vinculada al uso de los medios digitales y, por consiguiente, la implicación afectiva que existe en el modelo educativo escolar chileno. La discusión teórica se sustenta en la pedagogía feminista, concebida como un punto de inflexión ante las lógicas de poder verticales y jerárquicas propias del modelo capitalista, lo cual permite abordar la interacción pedagógica como fenómeno, mostrando experiencias distintas que son afectadas por una misma problemática, pero capaces de visibilizar las diferentes experiencias educativas existentes dentro del modelo bancario educativo. De esta forma, se dan luces de formas educativas más horizontales y equitativas.
The contribution of Human Capital to the performance of Knowledge-Intensive Business Services
Authors:   Institute of Management, Cracow University of Economics, Poland, Borodako Krzysztof , Berbeka Jadwiga ,   Institute of Management, Cracow University of Economics, Poland, Rudnicki Michał ,   Institute of Management, Cracow University of Economics, Poland, Łapczyński Mariusz ,   Institute of Management, Cracow University of Economics, Poland
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relation between human capital and the performance of the various types of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). Research Methodology: The analysis conducted on business services industry level took into account the role of education in knowledge transfer, a major factor enriching the KIBS industry. A conceptual framework based on cluster analysis (CA) and classification and regression trees (CART) was developed to analyse human capital, the main asset in the KIBS sector (according to the resource-based theory), and its relations with the performance of KIBS providers. Results: The results pointed to the significant differences between various types of knowledge-based services. Findings suggest that there could be applied additional approach to classifying the KIBS services into three clusters according to the business characteristics (including human capital). Our third cluster closely related to human capital (HC) and information and communication technologies (ICT) demonstrated the best business performance. The results confirmed that KIBS providers with high average remuneration and high wage growth dynamic noted over doubled performance indicator (measured as profit growth). In that group of KIBS providers were (a) Software and IT companies, (b) Temporary employment agency activities and (c) Other human resources provision. Limitations: Our analysis is based on statistical data gathered by a public entity covered 3125 firms aggregated into twenty service types, which limits the scope of the research questions. Contribution: This study contributes to the state of knowledge of the performance dynamics of the various business services. Keywords: Business Services (BS), Human Capital (HC), Performance, Knowledge, Education
International culinary influence on street food: an observatory study
Authors:   Department of Food Service & Management, Faculty of Food Science & Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Nurhayati Khairatun Siti
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This paper presents a street food profiling of one of the most popular tourist attractions in Melaka, Jonker Street. The main objective of this study is to develop a street food profile of Jonker Street in determining whether local or international culinary influence represents the food sold there. Research methodology: An on-site observation was conducted to investigate the types of food sold and the range of prices offered. A descriptive analysis was completed to characterize street food. Results: The findings indicated that most of the food sold here represents international and trendy flavor rather than local. Limitations: This study was self-funded and conducted on the Jonker Street location only. Due to that, no generalization can be derived from the data. Contribution: This study also provides a baseline reference for the tourism players in outlining strategies toward sustainable tourism relating to local culinary offerings. Keywords: Culinary tourism, Street food, Observatory study
A Busca da “Personalidade Autoritária” na Disfuncão Erétil
Authors: Rodrigues Júnior Oswaldo M.
Published: January 2021

Personalidade autoritária é um conceito resultante de extensa pesquisa ela- borada por Adorno e colaboradores, cuja publicação se deu em 1950. Sob este con- ceito são descritas sete síndromes de personalidade que implicam tendências a ati- tudes pré-fascistas e outros componentes que mantêm a ideologia antidemocrática, produzem uma forma de filosofia de vida, com crenças, valores, opiniões e atitudes. Embora não sempre explícito, o comportamento fascista surge sob circunstâncias especiais. Estas síndromes incluem a falta de individualismo e de real relaciona- mento afetivo com outros indivíduos, a desconexão entre impulso sexual e afeto e vários outros comportamentos que implicam preconceitos relacionados aos papéis sexuais.O autor propõe compreender um caso de disfunção erétil sob o conceito de personalidade autoritária de Adorno. Embora haja certa certeza sobre a asso- ciação entre as síndromes de personalidade autoritária e homens com queixas de disfunção erétil, o autor não pretende que seja característica de todos os homens com tais queixas, pois a generalização deverá somente ser tentada com futuras pesquisas.
Life Span Perspective in Psychogenic Impotence
Authors: Rodrigues Jr. Oswaldo M.
Published: January 2021

GRAZIOTTIN, A. Life span perspective in psychogenic impotence: diag- nosis and therapy.  International Journal of Impotence Research 4(2):16573, 1992.
Educação Sexual e Formação do Professor-Necessidade e Viabilidade
Authors: Fagundes Tereza Cristina Pereira Carvalho
Published: January 2021

A questão da educação sexual nas escolas constitui-se, sem dúvida, numa das mais discutidas atualmente e a defesa pela sua efetivação desde as séries iniciais tem sido bastante freqüente. Entretanto, constata-se que o professor que atua nesse nível de ensino não recebe preparo adequado em educação sexual durante o processo de sua formação docente (Fagundes, 1986 e Moreira, 1986). Pretendeu-se com esta pesquisa analisar a situação nos estabelecimentos de ensino público e particular de Salvador que ofe- recem o curso de Magistério e estabelecer uma sistemática de ação conjunta Universidade/Comunidade, na busca de soluções para o problema.
Sexualidade e Reprodução na Adolescência
Authors: Vitiello Nelson
Published: January 2021

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PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH ISI RUMEN SAPI SEBAGAI MIKROORGANISME LOKAL (MOL)
Authors: Wisnu Veiganata
Published: January 2021

Mikroorganisme lokal (MOL) merupakan bioaktivator yang terdiri dari kumpulan berbagai macam mikroorganisme pengurai. Isi rumen sapi dapat menjadi sumber mikroba untuk pembuatan MOL karena isi rumen memiliki berbagai macam mikroorganisme pengurai yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bioaktivator. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui komposisi nasi putih dan isi rumen sapi yang tepat untuk hasil MOL dari isi rumen sapi yang optimal. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan proses fermentasi anaerob selama 14 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa mikroba yang terkandung dalam MOL dari isi rumen sapi adalah jenis Bacillus Subtillus, Bacillus Licheniformis, Lactobacillus ruminus, Spirillum, Diplodinium Dentatum, Diplodinium sp, Dasytricha Ruminantium dengan jumlah tertinggi yaitu 92 x 105 Koloni/100 mL serta menunjukan adanya fluktuasi jumlah mikroba yang teridentifikasi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa komposisi nasi puth dan isi rumen sapi yang tepat untuk hasil MOL dari isi rumen sapi yang optimal adalah 400 gram nasi putih dan 75 gram isi rumen sapi

 

Kata kunci : MOL, Isi Rumen Sapi, Nasi Putih
Smart Buildings Enabled by 6G Communications
Authors: Dang Shuping , Ma Guoqing , Shihada Basem , Alouini Mohamed-Slim
Published: January 2021

Smart building (SB), a promising solution to fast-paced and continuous urbanization around the world, includes the integration of a wide range of systems and services and involves the construction of multiple layers. SB is capable of sensing, acquiring, and processing a very large amount of data as well as performing appropriate actions and adaptation. Rapid increases in the number of connected nodes and thereby the data transmission demand of SB have led to conventional transmission and processing techniques becoming insufficient to provide satisfactory services. In order to enhance the intelligence of SBs and achieve efficient monitoring and control, sixth generation (6G) communication technologies, particularly indoor visible light communications (VLC) and machine learning (ML), are required to be incorporated in SBs. Herein, we envision a novel SB framework featuring a reliable data transmission network, powerful data processing, and reasoning abilities, all of which are enabled by 6G communications. Primary simulation results support the promising visions of the proposed SB framework.
Sensor Selection for Classification of Physical Activity in Long-Term Wearable Devices
Authors: Kirchner Jens , Faghih-Naini Samira , Bisgin Pinar , Fischer Georg
Published: January 2021

Classification of physical activity based on the k-NN algorithm is
assessed with different combinations of sensors (from accelerometer,
gyroscope, barometer) with respect to classification accuracy, power
consumption and computation time. For that purpose, a wearable sensor
platform is proposed and a study with 20 subjects is conducted. The
combination of accelerometer and barometer is found to provide the best
trade-off for the three criteria: It provides an F1 score of 94.96 ±
1.73 %, while computation time and power consumption are reduced by 45 %
and 88 %, respectively, compared to the full sensor set.
Towards Realisation of a Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Sensor Using Microstripline
Authors: Zeising Samuel , Kirchner Jens , Khalili Hossein Fazeli , Ahmed Doaa , Lübke Maximilian , Thalmayer Angelika , Fischer Georg
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the design of a microwave based noninvasive glucose sensor at the operating frequency of 19 GHz is presented. Worldwide, about 451 million adults suffer from diabetes. For optimal therapy, people with diabetes should monitor their blood glucose level continuously over the day. For that purpose non-invasive microwave based glucose sensors are under research. Non-invasive microwave based glucose sensors must automatically perform continuous measurements with a high and stable accuracy. However, there exists no reliable noninvasive microwave based glucose sensor up to now. The proposed sensor is designed based on a two-port microstripline (MSL) network. Water with various glucose concentration from 0 to 500 mg/dl is placed in a slot between the two ports. The simulation results show that the phase change in the reflection coefficient for the various glucose concentration depends on the matching. The measurement of the glucose concentration 10 mg/dl can be realized by applying a taper ground plane as a matching technique decreasing reflections at the interface between the microstripline substrate and the water. The proposed sensor achieves a sensitivity of 2 ° phase change per 10 mg/dl glucose concentration variation. In the future, the simulation results should be validated in an experimental setup.
The blood–brain barrier
Authors: Dingezweni S
Published: January 2021

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic barrier essential for central nervous system interstitial fluid separation from circulating blood. This dynamic separation ensures maintenance of neuronal microenvironment homeostasis against that of the everchanging in solutes and toxin concentration in circulating blood. The blood–brain barrier structure is complex, it has multiple contributors, such as specialised blood microvascular endothelium, neurons, astrocytes and pericytes. Transfer of essential nutrients to the brain and waste products from the brain to circulating blood is tightly regulated and facilitated by a large surface area and specialised transport systems. It is not only the physical characteristics of the barrier that assist in maintenance of neuronal microenvironment, biochemical substances and the high trans endothelial electrical resistance also play a major role.

Circumventricular organs are those parts of the central nervous system lacking the blood–brain barrier. These are essential for optimum central nervous system interaction with circulating blood directly or using neurotransmitters.

Primary or secondary central nervous system pathological states, such as infective and noninfective causes, directly or indirectly induce biochemical mediators that may disrupt and alter blood–brain barrier structure and function.

Understanding of the blood–brain barrier anatomy and physiology assists in developing treatment methods to overcome degenerative and pathological states negatively affecting the central nervous system.
عمل المرأة في الكوفي شوب والمقاهي الليلية......شواهد جذب وابتزاز ((دراسة ميدانية في مدينة بغداد))
Authors: عبيد أ.م. وديان ياسين
Published: January 2021

كانت معظم المقاهي العراقية المعروفة ولسنوات طويلة معتمده على الرجال حصرا في خدمة زبائنها، وكان وجود امرأة في أي مقهى يثير أكثر من علامة استفهام، بسبب طبيعة المجتمع العراقي المتحفظ على عمل المرأة في وسط رجالي، لكن اليوم تغير الحال مع وجود نساء اغلبهن من "القاصرات"، مما اثار حفيظة كثيرين. وتزايدت في الآونة الأخيرة ببغداد، مقاهِ وكافتيريات "كوفي شوب" تقدم أنواعا متنوعة من العصائر والمشروبات والشيشة وبعض الأطعمة الخفيفة، هذا فيما يتعلق بهذه الاماكن، اما وعلى الجانب الآخر فقد كثرت ظاهرة عمل القاصرات في الملاهي الليلية "البارات"، والتي لوحظ بأن معظم العاملين فيها من الفتيات الصغيرات في السن عادة، الامر الذي يجذب لها الزبائن الذين قد يغدقون عليهن بالبقشيش ويحقق أرباحا أكثر لصاحب المقهى. ويحرص أصحاب المقاهي الحديثة على توظيف الشابات الصغيرات من ذوات المظهر الجميل لخدمة روادها في تقديم طلباتهم.
A Pragmatic Analysis of Oxymoron in Poetry: Tennyson’s “Lancelot and Elaine” as an Example
Authors: M. Hussein M.A.Amani
Published: January 2021

This paper purports to explore aspects of implied meaning carried out through the vehicle of oxymoron, which is a figure of speech that juxtaposes two contradictory words (or strings of words) in order to point to a curious fact or a beguiling statement. The different types of oxymoron are studied in this paper in accordance with a pragmatic approach that, though taking into consideration the theoretical implications of oxymoron, is primarily interested in practical aspects of the investigation. Grice’s maxims are taken as a point of departure to guide the discussion of both generalized implicature and particularized implicature.

The paper analyzes the different instances of oxymoron present in Alfred Tennyson's “Lancelot and Elaine.” After the meaning and significance of each instance are explored, the paper studies the ways in which Tennyson used oxymoron in order to create and maintain a figurative framework for his poem. The paper shows that Tennyson’s elaborate use of oxymoron allowed him to deploy further figures of speech in order to relay the dramatic atmosphere of the poem. Finally, the paper concludes that Tennyson’s disobeying of Grice’s maxims led to the production of new implicated meaning.
The Impact of phonetic Cues in Connected Speech
Authors: Al -Zubaidi Assist. Instructor - Rasha Tareq Awad , Ameer Yousif Instructor: Sinan
Published: January 2021

The present study is an attempt to shed light on the term 'juncture' in the English Language. The study is theoretically and practically oriented. The problem lies in the fact that Iraq EFL college students may face difficulty in their recognition in continuous speech, the sequences of words uttered without conventional spaces between them. The listener in general and EFL college students in particular how they are understood what the speaker said for instance, I scream and ice cream?

   In this study, the researcher tries to explain how the phonetics cues which help the listeners to understand the difference between the utterances that they have the same phonetic transcription and how the phonetic cues signaling the boundaries between words in connected speech .? The hypotheses of the study (1)The EFL college students can recognize the two similar utterances in connect speech when they listened to them. (2) the EFL college students are not able to recognize the two similar utterances in connected speech. 

 The results show that the first hypothesis is refuted, that the Iraqi EFL College students do face difficulty in discrimination of two identical phonetic transcriptions. The second hypothesis is verified that EFL college students do not aware of how to use phonetics cues.

In the light of the conclusions arrived at, several pedagogical recommendations and suggestions for teaching English as a foreign language have been made
The Dark Underside of 9/11 in Ken Kalfus's A Disorder Peculiar to the Country (2007) by
Authors: Thannoon Eman Saud , Noori Fejer Asst. Prof. Azhar
Published: January 2021

The eventual attacks of 9/11in America, on The World Trade Center at Ground Zero, had changed the world and brought disastrous problems to a lot of civilians. Many people lost their lives; others were traumatized and suffered a disordered life. The disastrous event revealed the hidden aspects of the States and its assistants-the soldiers and copes. Studying the relationship between the psyche of individuals and their outside world is the core of this paper. The project investigates the reasons behind acting out trauma and its impact on individuals and society. The sociocultural approach applied helps in examining the behavior of the individuals through their reactions to the event of 9/11.  Ken Kalfus's A Disorder Peculiar to the Country (2007), is analyzed according to the psychologist, Cathy Caruth's trauma theory and the sociologist, Kia Erikson's theory of cultural trauma.  The novel deals with both kinds of trauma;  psychic and cultural. It examines the behavior of the traumatized couple, Marshall and Joyce, lived a rather miserable and too hard and harsh life because of terrorism. They finally separate from each other uncaring about their two children - Viola and Victor
A Survey on Novel Estimation Approach of Motion Controllers for Self-Driving Cars
Authors: R Vinothkanna
Published: January 2021

The motion planning framework is one of the challenging tasks in autonomous driving cars. During motion planning, predicting of trajectory is computed by Gaussian propagation. Recently, the localization uncertainty control will be estimating by Gaussian framework. This estimation suffers from real time constraint distribution for (Global Positioning System) GPS error. In this research article compared novel motion planning methods and concluding the suitable estimating algorithm depends on the two different real time traffic conditions. One is the realistic unusual traffic and complex target is another one. The real time platform is used to measure the several estimation methods for motion planning. Our research article is that comparing novel estimation methods in two different real time environments and an identifying better estimation method for that. Our suggesting idea is that the autonomous vehicle uncertainty control is estimating by modified version of action based coarse trajectory planning. Our suggesting framework permits the planner to avoid complex and unusual traffic (uncertainty condition) efficiently. Our proposed case studies offer to choose effectiveness framework for complex mode of surrounding environment.
Sinergi Peningkatan Teknologi Informasi Melalui Pelatihan E–Commerce
Authors: Suseno Adnan Terry , Friantin Siti Hayati Efi
Published: January 2021

Kaum muda merupakan kaum potensial untuk bekerja dan menghasilkan nilai ekonomis. Kaum muda adalah sering disebut usia produktif. Di Indonesia usia produktif hampir 75% dari seluruh penduduk Indonesia. Maka tidaklah sia-sia, jika kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilaksanakan kali ini oleh Tim Pengabdian STIE AUB – Surakarta, difokuskan pada kaum muda, khususnya kaum muda penghuni Yayasan Yatim Putra Muhammadiyah , di Bejen, Karang Anyar. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan memberikan pelatihan E- Commerce. Pelatihan bertujuan memberikan ketrampilan yang dapat diterapkan secara mudah bagi kaum muda tuntuk cepat menangkap peluang melalui pemasaran  online ( e- commerce) ini yang pada akhirnya akan  meningkatkan taraf hidup para peserta nantinya di masa depan.  Selama ini para peserta adalah kaum muda yang banyak menghabiskan waktu hanya untuk belajar agama, nonton tv, dan bergaul dengan para penghuni panti asuhan tanpa dibekali ketrampilan praktis yang mungkin nanti justru menjadi bekal hidupnya kelak.Oleh sebab itu, kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Tim pengabdian kepada masyarakat STIE “AUB” ini mempunyai target luaran : para peserta tumbuh jiwa kewirausahaannya dan trampil dalam pemasaran online.Kata Kunci :pelatihan pemasaran online ( e -commerce), kewirausahaan
HUBUNGAN ANTARA ASUPAN MAKAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PREDIABETES PADA REMAJA OBESITAS DI SMA TALUK KUANTAN
Authors: ALZA YESSI , ROZIANA ROZIANA , FITRIANI FITRIANI
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan hubungan antara asupan makan dengan kejadian prediabetes pada remaja obesitas di SMA Taluk Kuantan. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Waktu penelitian dilakukan dari bulan April sampai Oktober 2016. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 35 orang dengan teknik accidental sampling kemudian disesuaikan dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Hasil penelitian adalah rerata kadar gula darah puasa (GDP) 78,09 ml/dl. Rerata asupan Energi untuk laki-laki 62,15%, protein 77,87%, lemak 62,85%, karbohidrat 42,96%, PUFA 215,6% dan fiber 16,68%. Rerata asupan energi untuk perempuan 62,05%, protein 207,15%, lemak 72,535%, Karbohidrat 34,25%, PUFA 145,4% dan Fiber 13,915%. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara zat gizi energi, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, PUFA dan serat dengan kadar gula darah dengan r 0,064, -0,025, 0,067, 0,006, 0,110, dan -0,092. Simpulan pada penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikat antara asupan makan (Energi, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, PUFA dan serat) dengan kadar gula darah.
Education And Knowledge Of Gastritis Patients About Gastritis Prevention
Authors: Elmukhsinur Elmukhsinur
Published: January 2021

Gastritis merupakan kumpulan gejala yang dirasakan sebagai nyeri ulu hati, pada orang yang terserang penyakit terjadi mual, muntah, rasa penuh dan rasa tidak nyaman. Puskesmas Pekan Heran termasuk urutan ke 4 jumlah kunjungan penderita gastritis yang terbanyak tahun 2016 dari 18 Puskesmas yang ada di Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu dengan jumlah penderita gastritis terbanyak adalah Desa Pematang Reba berjumlah 70 orang. Metode penelitian  deskriptif korelatif dengan pendekatan Cross sectional, dengan teknik total sampling. Hasil uji univariat responden berpendidikan dasar sebanyak 30 orang (42,8%), berpendidikan menengah sebanyak 23 orang (32,9%), berpendidikan tinggi sebanyak 17 orang (24,3%) dan pengetahuan tentang upaya pencegahan kekambuhan Gastritis baik 17 orang (24,3%), cukup 23 orang (32,9%, kurang sebanyak 30 (42,8%). Hasil uji bivariat tingkat pendidikan dan pengetahuan penderita Gastritis tentang upaya pencegahan kekambuhan Gastritis adalah p Value 0,00 dengan α = 0,05

Gastritis merupakan kumpulan gejala yang dirasakan sebagai nyeri ulu hati, pada orang yang terserang penyakit terjadi mual, muntah, rasa penuh dan rasa tidak nyaman. Puskesmas Pekan Heran termasuk urutan ke 4 jumlah kunjungan penderita gastritis yang terbanyak tahun 2016 dari 18 Puskesmas yang ada di Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu dengan jumlah penderita gastritis terbanyak adalah Desa Pematang Reba berjumlah 70 orang. Metode penelitian  deskriptif korelatif dengan pendekatan Cross sectional, dengan teknik total sampling. Hasil uji univariat responden berpendidikan dasar sebanyak 30 orang (42,8%), berpendidikan menengah sebanyak 23 orang (32,9%), berpendidikan tinggi sebanyak 17 orang (24,3%) dan pengetahuan tentang upaya pencegahan kekambuhan Gastritis baik 17 orang (24,3%), cukup 23 orang (32,9%, kurang sebanyak 30 (42,8%). Hasil uji bivariat tingkat pendidikan dan pengetahuan penderita Gastritis tentang upaya pencegahan kekambuhan Gastritis adalah p Value 0,00 dengan α = 0,05
The Relationship Support Relationship, Economic Status And Mother Attitudes In Fertile Age Couples (EFA) In Iva Examination To Detect Cervical Caps In Puskesmas Pulo Brayan
Authors: Mouliza Nurul
Published: January 2021

Each year more than 300,000 women die from cervical cancer more than half a million women are diagnosed. Every minute, a woman is being ionogized. Cervical cancer is one of the biggest threats to women's health. Method; analytical survey research method with cross sectional approach. The population of this study were all women of childbearing age in the work area  , totaling 117 people with a sample size of 54 respondents using proportional stratified random sampling technique. Sempel used the total population technique, namely the entire population of the chi-square statistical test. . Result; results of statistical tests, namely the Chi-square, concluded that there was a relationship between husband's support and IVA examination at PUS (p = 0.006 <α = 0.05),. and (p = 0.624> α 0.05), which means that economic status has no influence on the effect of IVA on EFA. and (p = 0.006 <α 0.05) which means that there is an effect of maternal attitudes with IVA examinations at PUS. Conclusion; There is a relationship between partner support, economic status and maternal attitudes with IVA examination at PUS.
573 Sayılı KHK’dan Günümüze Özel Eğitimde Eğitsel Tanılama ve Değerlendirme: Neredeyiz, Nereye Gitmeliyiz?
Authors: Aksoy Veysel , Şafak Pınar
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada 573 sayılı Kanun Hükmünde Kararname’nin (KHK) yayınlandığı 1997’den günümüze yönetmelik değişiklikleri ve yasal düzenlemeler ışığında, “Eğitsel Tanılama ve Değerlendirme” ve bu konuya ilişkin yapılmış bilimsel çalışmalarda yaşanan değişimler incelenerek, nerede olduğumuz ve nereye gitmemiz gerektiğine ilişkin düşünceler paylaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Tarama için 573 sayılı KHK, Özel Eğitim Hizmetleri Yönetmeliği (2000-2018 güncellemeleri), Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Bireylere Yönelik Ulusal Eylem Planı (2016) ve Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) eğitim istatistikleri incelenmiş; üniversite veri tabanları ve Yüksek Öğretim Kurulu (YÖK) Tez Merkezinde “eğitsel değerlendirme”, “eğitsel tanı” ve “rehberlik araştırma merkezi” sözcük grupları taranmıştır. 1997’den sonra Türkiye’de gerçekleştirilen 21 tez ve 13 makale olmak üzere toplam 34 araştırma gözden geçirilmiştir. Bulgular, yasalar ve yönetmelikler konusunda ülkemizin sürekli bir değişim içerisinde olduğunu, ancak eğitsel tanılama ve değerlendirmede standart oluşturmanın önemli bir sorun olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca erken tanılamada, sağlık ve eğitim kurumları arasındaki iş birliğinde, RAM) yapı ve işleyiş, nitelikli personel, değerlendirme standartlarının oluşturulması, güncel ve geçerli-güvenilir değerlendirme araçları ve fiziksel koşullar konularında sorunlar göze çarpmaktadır. Bulgular ışığında eğitsel değerlendirme ve tanılama sürecindeki eksikler belirlenmiş, niteliği artırıcı önerilerde sunulmuştur.
Culture and Criminalisation: Interdependence and Mutual Influence
Authors:   North Caucasian Branch, Russian State University of Justice, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Genryh N.V.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. The relationship between criminal law and culture does not often attract the attention of domestic specialists. Few of the available studies are devoted primarily to the protection of cultural values. Much less often we find works devoted to the socio-cultural conditioning of the criminal law prohibition. However, the integral complex of issues of the relationship between the criminalisation of socially dangerous acts and culture has not yet been presented as an independent object of study, although it is an important research field of criminal-political research. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The research is based on two basic theoretical concepts. Firstly the concept of criminalisation of socially dangerous acts as developed in criminal law science and secondly, the normative theory of culture. Research methods used were analytical, axiological, and systemic. Results. Criminalisation, being a cultural phenomenon in itself, is closely related to other cultural phenomena and processes, which makes it possible to consider criminal law as one of the means of supporting cultural norms. Processes of criminalisation are not only directly influenced by cultural stereotypes and political culture in terms of determining the content of a criminal law prohibition. Criminalisation also has the opposite effect on culture. In particular, it can be used to supplant cultural norms that do not correspond to modern ideas about an ideal society, to preserve the norms and rules that it needs at the moment, to establish cultural norms, conceivable as promising models of social structure, to block individual cultural innovations. Discussion and Conclusion. The study of the relationship between criminalisation and culture opens up broad prospects for discussing the quality of criminal law and normative modeling of socially approved behavior. It serves as additional evidence that crime is a social and cultural construct, that is, an act with relative danger. This is an assessment that can vary with the dynamics of cultural norms. It also proves the inadmissibility of the gross use of legal means (secondary elements of culture) for the formation and imposition of cultural standards.