bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Déficience intellectuelle : approche développementale
Authors: Tsao Raphaele , Gombert Anne , Enéa-Drapeau Claire
Published: December 2019

Cet article vise à présenter l’évolution et la contribution de l’approche développementale dans l’étude de la déficience intellectuelle (DI). Il s’agira ici de retracer d’une part l’apport des premiers développementalistes ayant promu l’intérêt d’une approche développementale dans l’étude scientifique de la DI et d’autre part de présenter les approches conceptuelles et méthodologiques actuelles dont se réclament aujourd’hui un nombre conséquent de recherches sur la DI. Compte tenu de leurs apports féconds, nous avons fait le choix de présenter trois approches théoriques que sont : 1) l’hypothèse de séquence et de structure similaires posant la question de l’universalité potentielle des séquences de développement ; 2) l’approche transactionnelle développée par la psychopathologie développementale et en dernier ressort 3) l’approche neuroconstructiviste visant à intégrer la perspective piagétienne aux données empiriques récentes sur le développement du fonctionnement cérébral.
Représentation de la magie chez des enfants de 4 à 9 ans
Authors: Morchain Pascal , Lacroix Agnès , Guillot Stéphanie
Published: December 2019

L’étude présentée ici s’intéresse à la représentation de la magie (illusionnisme) chez des enfants. On fait l’hypothèse que cette représentation est liée au développement de la distinction entre apparence et réalité, une dimension de la théorie de l’esprit. Au total, quarante-deux enfants, répartis dans trois groupes d’âge composés chacun de 14 enfants (4 ans, 6 ans, 9 ans), ont été rencontrés individuellement. Ils répondaient d’abord à deux questionnaires, l’un permettant d’appréhender leur représentation de la magie et l’autre, leur niveau de développement en termes de distinction apparence-réalité. Ils visionnaient ensuite deux vidéos montrant des effets magiques. Après chaque présentation, les enfants se prononçaient d’une part sur l’aspect magique de chaque effet, d’autre part ils avaient à l’expliquer. Les résultats montrent d’une part que la capacité de distinction entre apparence et réalité augmente avec l’âge, d’autre part que la représentation de la magie, ainsi que les explications spontanées, sont liées au niveau atteint sur cette dimension. En particulier, si les enfants ayant un faible niveau en distinction entre apparence et réalité font référence à la magie comme étant du fantastique, les enfants ayant atteint un niveau élevé y font référence comme étant du spectacle. La représentation de la magie est par ailleurs indépendante du sexe de l’enfant. Des pistes de recherches ainsi que d’autres méthodologies, unissant psychologie sociale et psychologie du développement sont proposées.
Introduction
Authors: Dujin Anne
Published: December 2019

De la novlangue managériale à Donald Trump, des féministes aux rappeurs, la langue travaille les tensions et mouvements qui traversent la société, et se fait l’écho de nos angoisses et de nos espoirs. Elle est ainsi une puissance de faire et défaire le monde.
Du communisme à l’islam
Authors: Marlière Éric
Published: December 2019

L’islam, comme en son temps le communisme, propose une réponse eschatologique au sentiment d’injustice et au mécontentement des jeunes exclus du système capitaliste.
Le paradoxe de Zadig
Authors: Dupuy Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2019

Dans le conte philosophique de Voltaire, on peut lire un exemple du paradoxe de la prévention des crimes annoncés. Pour le résoudre, il faut tenir compte de l’effet de la prophétie sur l’événement prophétisé. Ainsi pour la catastrophe écologique.
1989 ou le sens de l’histoire
Authors: Grosser Pierre
Published: December 2019

Pour comprendre le sens de l’histoire après 1989, il existe trois manières de lire le monde : la permanence des logiques de puissance, la croyance au progrès et le changement complet. Loin de s’opposer, elles sont en réalité complémentaires.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA O ENSINO: A EDUCAÇÃO DO CAMPO E A EDUCAÇÃO RURAL NO BRASIL
Authors: Alves Maria do Carmo Maracajá , Barros Jose Eduardo Melo , Ramos Josefa Edileide Santos , Borba Marcelo Da Costa , Ceolin Alessandra Carla
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o cenário do ensino rural no Brasil, dentro da estrutura das políticas públicas na educação. Buscou-se entender a evolução do ensino e suas políticas, historicamente, junto à evolução do ensino. Utilizaram-se dados secundários, para discutir questões do ensino aos camponeses. Compreendeu-se que, apesar a adoção de políticas de educação rural e do crescimento do índice de alfabetismo, o rural enfrenta uma educação excludente. Criando o conceito de educação no campo, mais adequado à realidade camponesa. A industrialização, a mecanização e uma política “errada”, são apontadas como os grandes vilões para a solução dos problemas da educação rural no Brasil.
LEGISLAÇÕES E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DA EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL NO ENSINO SUPERIOR E A HISTORIOGRAFIA: UM ESTUDO COMPARADO INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Hora Júnio , Pantaleão Edson
Published: December 2019

O texto tem como proposta analisar processos desencadeados pelas políticas públicas de entrada, permanência e conclusão, para estudantes público-alvo da Educação Especial no Ensino Superior, em contexto latino-americano, em estudo comparado entre o México e o Brasil. Destacamos o período de 1988 a 2018 como recorte temporal, configurando as três últimas décadas, marcadas por reformas educacionais nos dois países. Metodologicamente fizemos estudo histórico-documental das legislações que compuseram as políticas públicas no período em destaque, onde promovemos um levantamento acerca das tensões nas legislações e como elas foram aplicadas em dois contextos universitários: Universidad Veracruzana (México) e Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (Brasil). A perspectiva teórica que sustenta o estudo fundamenta-se na teoria dos Processos Civilizatórios elaborada por Norbert Elias (1993; 1998; 2001; 2006 e 2011). Num fluxo histórico de longa duração, Elias analisa os Processos Civilizadores destacando que as sociedades se constituem no conjunto das relações entre indivíduos e grupos sociais, cujos processos de interdependência formam figurações humanas em paralelo ao Estado. Estas vivenciam as transformações históricas nas diferentes sociedades interdependentes entre si. Os dados da pesquisa evidenciam preponderante na balança de poder para a concretização das políticas públicas nas universidades estudadas. Ao mesmo tempo, os Estados mexicano e brasileiro não conseguiram ofertar condições concretas para romper com essa fragilidade, e assegurar à Educação Especial um lugar estável no Ensino Superior, e por isso as legislações e políticas públicas precisam ser constantemente revistas. Ainda assim, esses Processos Sociais contribuem para o fluxo contínuo do Processo Civilizador das sociedades ocidentais.
TRABALHO E EDUCAÇÃO: REFLEXÕES SOBRE O CENÁRIO CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: DA SILVA SOUZA MARIA LUCIA , SOUSA RAIMUNDA ÁUREA DIAS
Published: December 2019

Este artigo reflete sobre as categorias trabalho e educação, sendo essas unidades indissociáveis. A reflexão versa sobre uma leitura nos diversos aspectos teóricos do desenvolvimento do trabalho, correlacionando com a importância de uma educação para além do capital, saindo dos seus muros alienantes, na busca incessante de uma contrainternalização, sob uma perspectiva que aponte caminhos viáveis para uma transformação social, ampla e emancipatória. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo compreender os aspectos históricos que aprisionam o trabalho e a educação por meio de um sistema capitalista vigente no cenário contemporâneo.
Characterization of the light absorbing properties, chromophores composition and sources of brown carbon aerosol in Xi'an, Northwest China
Authors: Yuan Wei , Huang Ru-Jin , Yang Lu , Guo Jie , Chen Ziyi , Duan Jing , Wang Meng , Wang Ting , Ni Haiyan , Han Yongming , Li Yongjie , Chen Qi , Chen Yang , Hoffmann Thorsten , O'Dowd Colin
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The impact of brown carbon aerosol (BrC) on the Earth's radiative forcing balance has been widely recognized but remains uncertain, mainly because the relationships among BrC sources, chromophores, and optical properties of aerosol are poorly understood. In this work, the light absorption properties and chromophore composition of BrC were investigated for samples collected in Xi'an, Northwest China from 2015 to 2016. Both absorption Ångström exponent and mass absorption efficiency show distinct seasonal differences, which could be attributed to the differences in sources and chromophore composition of BrC. Three groups of light-absorbing organics were found to be important BrC chromophores, including those show multiple absorption peaks at wavelength > 350 nm (12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives) and those show single absorption peak at wavelength
IPSL-CM5A2. An Earth System Model designed for multi-millennial climate simulations
Authors: Sepulchre Pierre , Caubel Arnaud , Ladant Jean-Baptiste , Bopp Laurent , Boucher Olivier , Braconnot Pascale , Brockmann Patrick , Cozic Anne , Donnadieu Yannick , Estella-Perez Victor , Ethé Christian , Fluteau Frédéric , Foujols Marie-Alice , Gastineau Guillaume , Ghattas Josefine , Hauglustaine Didier , Hourdin Frédéric , Kageyama Masa , Khodri Myriam , Marti Olivier , Meurdesoif Yann , Mignot Juliette , Sarr Anta-Clarisse , Servonnat Jérôme , Swingedouw Didier , Szopa Sophie , Tardif Delphine
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Based on the CMIP5-generation previous IPSL earth system model, we designed a new version, IPSL-CM5A2, aiming at running multi-millennial simulations typical of deep-time paleoclimates studies. Three priorities were followed during the set-up of the model: (1) improving the overall model computing performance, (2) overcoming a persistent cold bias depicted in the previous model generation, and (3) making the model able to handle the specific continental configurations of the geological past. Technical developments have been performed on separate components and on the coupling system to speed up the whole coupled model. These developments include the integration of hybrid parallelization MPI-OpenMP in LMDz atmospheric component, the use of a new library to perform parallel asynchronous input/output by using computing cores as “IO servers”, the use of a parallel coupling library between the ocean and the atmospheric components. The model can now simulate ~100 years per day, opening new possibilities towards the production of multi-millennial simulations with a full earth system model. The tuning strategy employed to overcome a persistent cold bias is detailed. The confrontation of an historical simulation to climatological observations shows overall improved ocean meridional overturning circulation, marine productivity and latitudinal position of zonal wind patterns. We also present the numerous steps required to run the IPSL-CM5A2 for deep-time paleoclimates through a preliminary case-study for the Cretaceous. Namely, a specific work on the ocean model grid was required to run the model for specific continental configurations in which continents are relocated according to past paleogeographic reconstructions. By briefly discussing the spin-up of such a simulation, we elaborate on the requirements and challenges awaiting paleoclimate modelling in the next years, namely finding the best trade-off between the level of description of the processes and the computing cost on supercomputers.
Phytotoxic Activity of Guapira graciliflora (Nyctaginaceae) on Weeds
Authors: Rodrigues Allana Silva , Bezerra José Weverton Almeida , Da Silva Viviane Bezerra , Costa Adrielle Rodrigues , Rodrigues Felicidade Caroline , Linhares Karina Vieiralves , Bezerra Janete De Souza , Santos Marcos Aurélio Figueiredo dos , Da Silva Maria Arlene Pessoa
Published: December 2019

The plants produce a variety of compounds that are not directly associated with their growth and are derived from their secondary metabolisms. Such compounds can be used in the formulation of bioherbicides, in the control of weeds. Among the chemical groups that most present allelopathic actions are the phenolic compounds which are present the flavonoids. A species rich in such compounds is Guapira graciliflora, which allows hypothesizing that it may present phytotoxic action. In this way, the objective of this research was to evaluate its phytotoxic action on the germination and growth of Cenchrus echinatus and Calotropis procera. For this purpose, aqueous extracts were prepared from fruits and leaves and applied to seeds of the species mentioned above. Pre and post germinative parameters were measured. Our results show that the extracts can retard the growth of the roots of C. echinatus and C. procera in a significant way (p <0.05), however it is not able to interfere in the number of germinated seeds or germinated seeds speed. The mechanisms of action of the allelochemicals may be related to inhibition of specific PSII sites or reduction of chlorophyll content. Guapira graciliflora presents allelochemicals in the constitution of its leaves and its fruits that affect the growth of the initial structures of C. echinatus and C. procera, with potential to be used as bioherbicides in the control of these weeds.
Development of Best Practices for Right-of-Way Valuations and Negotiations in Transportation Projects
Authors: Caldas Carlos H. , Zhang Zhanmin , Kockelman Kara M. , Persad Khali R. , Al Halabi Ragheb , Kincaid Elizabeth
Published: December 2019

The valuations of properties and the negotiations with property owners are two major tasks in the right-of-way acquisition process for transportation projects. If improved, those tasks can increase the overall project delivery efficiency. The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) funded a research project that aimed to recommend some best practices for successful valuations and negotiations in Texas. The authors reviewed the different strategies and procedures followed in TxDOT by conducting interviews and surveys with right-of-way personnel. Guidelines supported by recommended practices were identified for both valuation and negotiation and then reviewed and validated by experts. Lastly, implementation guides were developed.
Research on the Effect of Supervisor Feedback for Undergraduate Thesis Writing
Authors: Jiang Shuangyun , Yan Xiaoqin
Published: December 2019

The guidance effect of teacher feedback in contemporary English writing has been a hot topic for research. More and more researches focus on the effect of teacher feedback in senior high schools or universities. This research analyzed the supervisor feedback on 32 undergraduate thesis revisions from 8 students from three aspects: error feedback, non-error feedback and the focus of supervisor feedback. The results show that both error feedback and non-error feedback can significantly improve the overall expression of papers; while their focuses are quite distinctive. Suggestions on how to optimize teacher feedback are put forward.
DIRECT SALES OF PRODUCTS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN IN POLAND
Authors: Sieczko Anna
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this paper was to determine the scale and product categories involved in direct sales of food of animal origin and small scale agricultural retail trade as well as an analysis of direct sales covering the period from October 2016 to August 2019. The European Commission promotes short food supply chains, recommending that Member States simplify rules regulating direct selling. In 2017, Poland simplified the law on the sale of processed and unprocessed food of animal and non-animal origin by farmers. The study focused on farms run by farmers involved in the direct sales of products of animal origin and small scale agricultural retail trade. Such activity must be reported to the General Veterinary Inspectorate (GIW). The analysis showed that the direct sales of food products are developing and involve an increasing number of producers offering produce. Compared to 2016, the number of entities involved in registered direct sales increased by 28.5%. The categories of products most often sold through direct sales involve – unprocessed bee products, table eggs and fishery, while small scale agricultural retail trade mostly focused on table eggs, unprocessed bee products, dairy products, raw milk and meat products.
BREXIT IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRI-FOOD TRADE BETWEEN POLAND AND THE UK
Authors: Zawojska Aldona
Published: December 2019

The article is a contribution to the discussion on the anticipated consequences of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union for Poland’s trade relations with this country, with particular emphasis on the likely impacts of a hard or no-deal Brexit on Polish exporters. Its aim is to provide readers with an understanding of how agri-food flows between Poland and the UK (especially Poland’s exports) could be affected once the UK departs the EU. The question is important considering that, in recent years, the UK has been the second biggest importer and a net importer of agricultural and food products from Poland. The study is based on trade data from the UN Comtrade Database and Poland’s Central Statistical Office, and on tariff data from the UK’s Department for International Trade. Taking into account the possible imposition of customs duties announced thus far by the British government on the import of agri-food products from third countries in the event of a no-trade agreement with the EU, the introduction of additional non-tariff barriers, as well as increased transactional (friction) costs and complexity of doing business with foreign partners, a hard Brexit would have serious implications for Poland’s fast growing agri-food exports to the UK. It would even lead to a collapse of some Polish supplies, particularly of meat and dairy commodities, to Great Britain. The loss of two-way preferences in trade now arising from participation in the EU single market will undermine the competitiveness of Polish producers on UK’s market both against British producers and lower cost exporters from outside the EU.
SUSTAINABLE FOOD CONSUMPTION IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS IN POLAND
Authors: Utzig Monika
Published: December 2019

The aim of the paper is to identify changes in the food consumption of urban and rural households in Poland when it comes to sustainable consumption as well as evaluate if such changes are becoming more or less sustainable. Sustainable consumption is an element of sustainable development, which responds to the basic needs of people while not jeopardizing the needs of future generations. More sustainable food consumption is perceived to be a reduction of overconsumption, a decrease in the consumption of highly processed food and a shift in diet based less on animals and more on plants. The paper is mainly based on data from the Polish Central Statistical Office concerning meat, fruit and vegetable consumption. Some data about food waste were also used. The research shows that the food consumption pattern in rural households is less sustainable than in urban ones. Households living in rural areas consume more meat and less fruit and vegetables than urban ones. There is some evidence that the food consumption pattern in Poland is shifting towards a less sustainable one.
FIXED ASSETS IN AGRICULTURE ON THE EXAMPLE OF AGRICULTURAL ENTITIES IN POLAND AND IN SPAIN IN THE LIGHT OF FADN DATABASE IN YEARS 2004-2016
Authors: Węgrzyńska Małgorzata , Martínez Fernández Paulino
Published: December 2019

The article presents changes in fixed assets in agriculture on farms in two selected countries of the European Union, which are Poland and Spain in the period from 2004-2016. Both of these countries were selected on the basis of similar qualitative and quantitative characteristics that are characteristic of agriculture. An additional determinant of the choice of these countries was a similar economic situation before and after accession to the structures of the European Union. The article consists of an introduction, where the essence and significance of fixed assets in agriculture have been presented. Subsequently, the material and methodology of the research were presented. The comparison of fixed assets of both countries was based on statistical data from the European Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). The analysis of the material shows that in the years 2006-2016, the value and number of fixed assets in total in Polish and Spanish farms were gradually increasing. Two significant groups of fixed assets were indicated, namely: agricultural land with plantations (SE446) and buildings (SE450). In Polish farms, depreciation is higher than in Spain, which is related to the greater number of owned buildings. In addition, the value of livestock was almost three times higher in Spain than in Poland in 2004-2016.
CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL FARMING IN THE PROVINCE OF MAZOVIA
Authors: Parzonko Anna
Published: December 2019

This study aims to identify the conditions for the development of social farming in the province of Mazovia, and to present the opportunities and barriers to the establishment of care farms in Poland. The study involved the method of desk-based literature review and the method of descriptive statistics. The paper provides an analysis of various forms of social farming functioning in the European Union and discusses the possible directions of care farming development depending on the degree of involvement of various institutions. In addition, the study focuses on the most important conditions for the development of care farms in the province of Mazovia, which include the dichotomy of socio-economic development, the spatial polarization of demographic processes and the ageing population. In 2013, the ageing index (the number of persons aged 65+ per 1,000 children aged 0-14) for the province of Mazovia was 993, however, it is expected that in 2035 it will be 1,758, and in 2050 it will reach 2,382. In 2050, the proportion of people aged 65+ in the population of Poland will reach 32.7%. Consequently, the demand for certain services e.g. in the field of health care and social care will be increasing. Unfavourable demographic processes like depopulation and undesirable processes affecting the age structure will mainly affect districts located in the peripheral areas of the province. Even though, currently there are not any care farms operating in Mazovia, there seems to be a great interest in this form of economic activity.
ECONOMIC INTEGRATION AS A FACTOR OF COMPETITIVENESS OF ENTITIES USING LAND FROM THE AGRICULTURAL PROPERTY STOCK OF THE TREASURY IN THE WARMIAN-MASURIAN VOIVODSHIP
Authors: Nasalski Zbigniew
Published: December 2019

The aim of the research was to identify the significance and conditions of using economic integration as a factor of competitiveness of entities using land from the Agricultural Property Stock of the Treasury in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodship. The subject of the study were farmers’ opinions on economic integration activities carried out on their farms. Research in a group of 166 farms located in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodship was carried out in 2018, using the diagnostic survey method, using a questionnaire. Integration with other business entities or agricultural environment institutions by most of the surveyed farm owners was not recognized as an important factor of competitiveness. Greater integration potential was present in large farms (100-500 ha), in farms with a predominance of revenue from plant production and in entities with a significant share of revenue from non-agricultural activities. Business entities more focused on integration activities more often declared a pro-innovation attitude and greater interest in participating in the creation of local food product brands. In economic policy (regional as well), it is important to strive to increase the implementation of integration activities, by, among others, offering a wider range of training and sharing information with farmers about the benefits and methods of implementing effective economic integration.
CONCENTRATION OF PRODUCTION FACTORS AND SUPPORT AND THEIR PRODUCTIVITY IN EU FARMS
Authors: Kisielińska Joanna
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study was to assess the level of concentration of production factors and support in classes of farms distinguished by economic size. The Gini coefficient was used to assess the level of concentration. Moreover, using the Pearson correlation coefficient, the strength of the relationship between the concentration of production and support factors and their productivity was assessed. The research objects were commercial farms from EU countries. The research shows that the level of concentration of all production and support factors on EU farms is increasing, although this conclusion does not apply to all countries. In countries where the concentration of capital and labor is higher, productivity is usually higher. In turn, a higher concentration of agricultural area and support is usually accompanied by lower productivity. The article draws attention to the limited possibilities for applying statistical tests when using FADN data. The FADN database is a sample of farms obtained as a result of stratified drawing, with layers being countries. If the subject of study are countries, one cannot speak of a sample but of the entire population. Formulating statistical hypotheses regarding the population of countries (or the situation of farms in these countries) is pointless in such a case.
DYNAMICS AND VARIABILITY IN INCOME FROM FARMING IN FARMS OPERATING IN METROPOLITAN AREAS IN POLAND
Authors: Wojewodzic Tomasz , Sroka Wojciech , Mikołajczyk Jarosław
Published: December 2019

The aim of the paper was to indicate differences in income from agricultural activity earned by farm owners located in different zones under the influence of a big city. The study covered entities from six voivodships: Lower Silesia, Lubelskie, Lesser Poland, Masovia, Pomerania and Greater Poland. The database of the Polish FADN system was the source of data presented in the analysis. The outer and inner metropolitan zone have been distinguished as well as the group of objects located outside metropolitan areas. For the distinguished groups, a comparative analysis was carried out. Research pinpointed that in the inner metropolitan area zone, there was evidently a considerably higher income from a farm on one unit of own work and the estimate rate of wage for an hour of hired work. The average value of these categories was diminishing in subsequent zones along with moving away from the core of metropolitan areas. Apart from that, in all the three researched groups of farms, the average rate of wage of own work was higher than the rate of wage of hired work. This means that farm owners also take wages from management and the incurred economy risk. The height of these wages is subjected to considerable fluctuation that result from e.g., observed economic fluctuations in agriculture.
POPULATION MOVEMENT RELATED TO EMPLOYMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF RURAL COMMUNES OF THE ŁÓDŹ VOIVODSHIP
Authors: Kalisiak-Mędelska Magdalena
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study was to identify directions of functional and spatial connections based on employment-related population movement. Two basic accessibility variables were adopted as the basis for analysis, namely distance and travel time. The spatial scope of the study was limited to selected rural communes of the Łódź voivodship, which were characterised by a low rate of population movement to work, illustrating the ratio of the number of people coming to a given commune to work, to the number of people leaving the given commune to work in other territorial units. The indicator was calculated based on data from the Central Statistical Office regarding population movement. Distance and travel time were also analysed based on the statistical data of the Central Statistical Office in the scope of estimated distance and travel time from the commune being the place of residence to the commune of the workplace. Analysis showed that both the distance and time of commuting to work practically does not deviate from accepted values. In some cases, rural residents are willing to travel longer distances, and thus spend more time commuting to work. Decisions about daily commuting to work to the city are linked to the possibilities of taking up employment, although a short distance is not a sufficient and only criterion here. Underdeveloped cities are not thereby less attractive in terms of employment, however the interest of potential employees in them is much weaker than in the case of cities allowing for a proper matching of labour demand and supply.
THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF APPLYING BENEFICIAL MICROORGANISMS IN VITICULTURAL PRODUCTION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS
Authors: Maciejczak Mariusz
Published: December 2019

The paper aimed to present the economic effects of applying beneficial microorganisms in viticultural production under climate change conditions. It was found that increasing climate change effects calls for a broad range of adaptation and mitigation strategies in agriculture, especially in viticultural production. One of them might be the innovative use of microorganisms that have the ability to interact with plants, and thus contribute to the prevention of stresses as well as respond to them, both abiotic – like drought and biotic – like pests. Based on the direct survey carried out in 2018 among experienced winegrowers from Germany, Italy and Poland, it was observed that there was a direct economic effect of the inoculation of beneficial microorganisms to the cultivation of resistant grape varieties. The majority of farmers think that such innovation in vineyards could reduce both the costs of protection and cultivation as well as increase direct benefits. Empirical evidence from the case study performed in 2018 in the Italian sustainable farm showed that such innovation, despite increasing the costs of irrigation and organic fertilization, also led to a significant reduction of artificial fertilizer and pesticide use, the costs of which predominated.
Jan Walc – Od kultury oficjalnej do kultury niezależnej
Authors: Olaszek Jan
Published: December 2019

Jan Walc was a character with rich achievements, and at the same time colorful and interesting. He was a critic who writes about Tadeusz Konwicki and Adam Mickiewicz, secretary of Jaroslaw Iwaszkiewicz ordering his archives and at the same time one of the most severe critics of his attitude, teacher, a co-worker of weeklies “Polityka” and “Kultura”, and finally – a longtime activist of the democratic opposition and a leading publicist and printer of the second circulation in the PRL. The above calculation itself shows the originality of this character, today almost completely forgotten. In his texts he critisised party activists, militiamen, prosecutors, luminaries of Polish literature, democratic opposition leaders, former and current colleagues, and even his daughter’s teachers. In the talk I will want to show the Jan Walc’s way to participate in independent publishing movement and his role in this phenomenon.
PROFITABILITY OF PRODUCTION OF RED SWEET PEPPERS (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) IN CULTIVATION UNDER COVER
Authors: Sobczak Wioleta , Sobczak Anna
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the value of production, labour and capital expenditure in the production of red sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in selected horticultural farms. The study covered farms involved in the production of sweet peppers in unheated plastic tunnels in the poviat of Przysucha and Radom. The selection of farms was purposeful. The selection was based on the technical solutions used on the farms in the field of construction of plastic tunnels and farm size. The study was carried out in three growing seasons in 2017-2018. The obtained results indicated that the largest share in total costs were the costs of purchasing planting material and fluctuated within 29.5% of total costs. The average production value of red sweet pepper production under covers in tunnels with a wooden structure amounted to 3,116 PLN/240 m2, while in the case of metal structures, this value amounted to 3,449.20 PLN/240 m2. In addition, analysis of the Cobb-Douglas production function showed that the gross profit was affected by general costs, labor costs and costs of purchasing seedlings. The results of this study indicate a need to undertake further research on this topic to formulate recommendations aimed at optimizing paprika production to increase and stabilize income resulting from cultivation activity.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN THE AGRI-FOOD SECTOR IN THE PODLASKIE VOIVODSHIP
Authors: Szwacka-Mokrzycka Joanna , Miara Adam
Published: December 2019

The aim of the article is to present the effectiveness of innovative activity of enterprises from the agri-food sector in the Podlaskie Voivodship. One of the priorities indicated in the Europe 2020 strategy is intelligent development based on a knowledge and an innovation-based economy. The strategy clearly emphasizes the need to increase expenditure on research and development throughout the European Union. Knowledge and innovation are key drivers of economic development. These aspects are particularly important in regions with a low level of industry development, significantly increasing the effectiveness of the local economy. Innovation is associated with the introduction of new products and the improvement of products, services or technologies. Analysis was based on literature on subject and primary data. The research results lead to the conclusion that the vast majority of enterprises implement product innovation, and the scale of innovation concerns the domestic market. The stimulator of innovation development is the amount of expenditure on research and development as well as the level of competence of the management staff. Unfortunately, research shows that, between 2014 and 2016, the amount of expenditure on research and development in the Podlaskie Voivodship was at a relatively low level. Internal expenditure amounted to PLN 261.5 million, which put the voivodship in 17th position.
SUSTAINABILITY EVALUATION OF MAIZE SILAGE CULTIVATION ACCORDING TO LEVELS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION USING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS
Authors: Król-Badziak Aleksandra , Księżak Jerzy
Published: December 2019

This study aims at the sustainability assessment of maize silage cultivation according to levels of nitrogen fertilization. Based on data provided by a field experiment, economic, production and environmental criteria were evaluated for three levels of nitrogen fertilization: 80, 120 and 160 kg/ha. The environmental impact of maize cultivation was evaluated by the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. In a multi-criteria assessment, the weights of sub-criteria were evaluated on the basis of scientists, agricultural advisers and farmers’ responses through AHP methodology. Based on the mean opinion of the respondents, economic criteria have the greatest impact on overall sustainability evaluation (54%), while the impact of environmental criteria (30%) and production criteria (16%) is much smaller. Analysis of economic subcriteria proved to have the greatest impact of gross margin (61%) on sustainability assessment, followed by the economic efficiency index (31%), while the smallest impact (8%) was obtained for the economic independence index. Among the analysed production subcriteria, the level of production and complexity of agrotechnical operations (44% each) had the greatest impact on sustainability assessment, and the least – labour use (12%). The obtained results showed the best economic evaluation for 120 kg N/ha, while from a production and an environmental point of view the best alternative is the application of 80 kg N/ha. The overall evaluation, with estimated criteria weights, shows the best sustainability performance for an 80 kg/ha fertilization dose.
CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE – THE POSSIBILITY OF INTERNALIZATION OF EXTERNAL EFFECTS IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Pajewski Tomasz , Borowy Michał
Published: December 2019

The aim of the research was to characterize a new concept conducive to the internalization of external effects – climate-smart agriculture (CSA). The problem of environmental externalities appearing as a result of agricultural production was taken up. Agricultural production is a complex process which produces diverse products. The range of goods and services offered by agricultural producers goes beyond the limits defined by the market. What is especially important, in this case, is the environment-agriculture relationship, because the environmental impact can result in changes in the quantity and quality of many environmental public goods, the consumption of which is of great interest to society. Considerations have a review character and had to indicate the validity of the implementation of solutions in CSA promoted in the context of the negative impact of agriculture on the environment. It was found that the implementation of CSA assumptions may contribute to eliminating negative stimuli of agricultural origin and limiting social benefits from the consumption of many environmental public goods.
RYE PRICE VARIABILITY IN POLAND BETWEEN 2010 AND 2018
Authors: Utnik-Banaś Katarzyna , Vasilyeu Viktar
Published: December 2019

In the paper, the range of rye price variability was determined and a decomposition of a time series of prices was carried out, distinguishing seasonal, cyclical and irregular fluctuations. The rye market is a market of a product produced seasonally but with a storage period longer than one season, which influences seasonal changes of prices, on which economic changes overlap. The research material consists of prices of rye in monthly graduation for the years 2010-2018, from the Integrated System of Agricultural Market Information. In the analyzed period, the nominal price of rye more than doubled from 327 PLN/t in January 2010 to 719 PLN/t in December 2018. The coefficient of variability of rye prices ranged from 4.0% to 27.2%. The decomposition of the time series of prices indicates seasonal, cyclical and irregular fluctuations. The amplitude of seasonal fluctuations was 14% on average, the highest prices were in June (105%) and the lowest in August (91%). Cyclical changes averaged 71.2% per year, seasonal changes 17.9% and irregular changes 10.9% of overall rye price variation. The production of rye is steadily falling both in the world and Poland.
INFLUENCE OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY ON THE RESILIENCE OF POLISH HORTICULTURE
Authors: Martikainen Anna Agata
Published: December 2019

The goal of the research is to assess the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy on the three dimensions of resilience of farming sectors: robustness, adaptability and transformability. The chosen subject of the research was Polish horticulture and the examined period was the financial framework 2014-2020. The research was based on qualitative data analysis, including policy documents analysis and the focus group research. The results showed that the level of instruments and the CAP is more focused on robustness than on the level of goals, where there is more balance between robustness and adaptability. On both a goal and instruments level, transformability is the least supported from all three resilience capabilities. Taking the challenges of the horticulture sector into account, the CAP does not sufficiently answer the economic challenges of the sector. Overall, robustness, although supported by the CAP, could be supported much more effectively, if the implementation of instruments were more intensified in the sector. Better implementation requires the improvement of educational activities. Social education is not sufficiently implemented to meet the needs of the sector. In addition, the CAP, on a moderate level, in the case of both goals and instruments, supports other characteristics of adaptability. For the horticulture farming sector, which is one of the least benefiting from direct payments, the support of adaptability and transformability seems to be vital for its development.
SAFETY AND QUALITY OF FOOD ON THE POLISH MARKET AFTER EUROPEAN UNION ACCESSION
Authors: Kowalczyk Stanisław
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate how the level of food safety and quality in Poland has changed after European Union accession. Poland’s accession to EU structures resulted in a number of economic, market and environmental changes. One of the most important areas of these changes is the food production and consumer supply sector. The conducted research is based on the results of controls performed by the main food control institutions in Poland. Research covers the areas of food quality and scale of irregularities revealed by control institutions, leading to changes in the level of food safety in terms of the health threats and economic security of consumers resulting from food falsification. Studies have shown that in the post-accession period, significant and multidirectional changes in the above-mentioned scope have taken place. Despite the proven presence of food with improper sanitary conditions, the Polish consumer is unlikely to be concerned about this. The situation is much worse in terms of economic security and food quality. The scale of irregularities in this respect is significant, and as the last years of the analyzed period show (after 2015), the phenomenon of decreasing food quality and even food falsification is growing.
POLISH AGRI-FOOD TRADE WITH NON-EU COUNTRIES – A GRAVITY MODEL ANALYSIS
Authors: Sapa Agnieszka , Droždz Jolanta
Published: December 2019

The main aim of the article was to indicate the influence of selected determinants of Poland’s agri-food export to countries outside the European Union. Although European Union countries have been the Poland’s main trading partners for years, the share of third countries in total Polish trade has gradually been increasing. In the case of Polish agri-food trade, a different tendency is observed, as the importance of non-EU countries is decreasing. In the analysis, covering the years 2000-2016, the gravity model was used. The dependent variable was Poland’s agri-food export to third countries, while independent variables included GDP, the geographical distance between partners, differences of GDP per capita of exporter and importer, agricultural value added, the preferential trade agreement and variable describing whether a given country was a post-socialist country. Research confirmed that the masses of economies expressed in GDP attract trade between countries, while the distance between partners limits it. A positive impact on Polish agri-food exports was observed for agricultural value added and more liberal trade regulations between partners, which were a result of preferential trade agreements between the European Union and selected third countries. On the other hand, historical conditions related to the fact that the country was in the group of socialist countries with economies undergoing a transformation process since the 1990s have limited Polish agri-food exports.
Комениология ХХІ века как проблема гуманитарных наук
Authors: Mnich Roman
Published: December 2019

В статье рассмотрена комениология как специальная гуманитарная наука, возникшая в Европе в ХХ веке. Автор останавливается на трёх аспектах заявленной проблемы: 1) место комениологии в системе гуманитарных наук в ХХ веке, 2) две существующие сегодня концепции комениологии как науки, 3) проблемы и парадоксы комениологии в отдельных европейских странах (Германия, Чехия, Польша, Россия и Украина), связанные с отношением Я.А. Коменского к этим странам и с самой комениологией как интердисциплинарной наукой.
Towards comeniology as a science – the scientific and didactical workshop; research methodology
Authors: Sitarska Barbara
Published: December 2019

The article depicts John Amos Comenius’ selected ideas and their reference to the contemporary times. It is mainly based on his two major works: Great Didactics and Pampaedia, my own research papers and other available ones, as well as on some research conducted by education science students for their MA theses concerning John Amos Comenius’ teacher in reference to the modern teacher2. It focuses on Comenius’ idea of permanent education, which refers to contemporary education3. Nowadays permanent education is a key educational chal-lenge in Poland, Europe and all over the world. The article is an attempt to define comeniology as an emerging scientific discipline and specify the areas and ranges of comeniological research, mentioning its authors and describing their output published in “Siedlce Comeniological Re-search Bulletin. pedagogy series”. I prove the evolutional character of comeniological research. The article also mentions my education science students’ interest in Comenius and their activity including the research conducted for their MA theses about Comenius, presentations and written texts intended to be published in “Siedlce Comeniological Research Bulletin, pedagogy se-ries”.
Pedagogical work of John Amos Comenius as inspiration for modern pedagogy: didactic-methodology approach
Authors: Osmanović Jelena , Dimitrijević Dragana
Published: December 2019

John Amos Comenius belongs to the most important thinkers in European theology, philosophy, and pedagogy. His thoughts and ideas, contained in numerous works, over the cen-turies have been the subject of research and study by authors all over the world and have been the basis for the development of pedagogy as a science, as well as many modern understandings about education. We especially emphasize pedagogical work Great Didactic (lat Didaktica magna) as his most significant and famous work, where is presented the whole educational system and organization of teaching, which many parts are still applied today. The most previ-ous authors who deal with analyzing the Comenius thought, in his works mentioned comeniolo-gy, but as a phenomenon, he doesn't have clearly definition and content. Today, scientists tend to point out the need for the existence of comeniology as a science. The aim of this paper is to ana-lyze the pedagogical thoughts and ideas of John Amos Comenius from the aspect of applying his original ideas in contemporary didactics and methodology of pedagogy. For the purpose of this study, we used the method of theoretical analysis and the historical method with the technique of analyzing the content of available pedagogical sources. The content of this paper leads us to emphasize the significant influence of Comenius on developing and the existence of methodolo-gy of pedagogy and to point out the methodology of pedagogy as a possible subject area of the comeniology as a science.
Travels by the Czech teacher and school director František Slaměník in the footsteps of Comenius in Poland and the Netherlands as evidence of commitment to the comeniology
Authors: Kovářová Helena
Published: December 2019

At the turn of the 20th century, the interest in John Amos Comenius’ legacy was on the rise. While various basic monographs and studies were published at the time, his biography still contained a lot of uncertainties and the list of his works was incomplete. In addition to histori-ans, some teachers who admired Comenius engaged in searching for new facts that would con-tribute to answering some issuable questions. One of them was František Slaměník, the founder of the oldest Comenius Museum. This paper focuses in detail on Slaměník’s reports from his private travels abroad to places linked to Comenius’ life. Slaměník’s texts are interesting evi-dence of comeniological discourse in the Czech lands at the last quater of 19th century with overlap to the beginning of 20th century.