bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic analysis of Pinus pinea plantations in cultivation land in Valladolid, Central Spain
Authors: Mutke Regneri S. , Díaz Balteiro L. , Gordo Alonso J.
Published: May 2024

This paper reports an assessment of the economic profitability from the use of grafted stone-pines for afforestations in Valladolid, Central Spain. With this technical change, the plantations begin to yield cones at few years, saving the long unproductive youth stage of traditional stone-pine stands. Some assumptions are made, due to a lack of empirical data, about the expected yield of the grafted plantations in order to obtain their optimal rotation and profitability. As alternative land-use options, the profitability of traditional afforestations and barley crops are calculated. The cases analysed indicate that grafted plantations are competitive under a broad spectrum of essential financial parameter variations, even with the agricultural crop described in this paper. In the basic cases, expected annual return of grafted plantations is about 430-680 euros per hectare, whereas income from barley crop is about 100 euros per hectare.
The role of niche availability as a factor determining the diversity and abundance of invertebrates on Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris
Authors: Evans H. F. , Jukes M. R.
Published: May 2024

We review aspects of invertebrate biodiversity relevant to the management of Scots pine forests. At a landscape level, the area occupied by the host tree species, the length of time that species has been present, and the taxonomic relatedness of the host to other trees, all influence invertebrate biodiversity. At a stand level, tree size and above-ground architecture affect the number of niches available. Consideration needs to be given to the various feeding guilds since they exploit different components of these niches. Although there have been few published studies of invertebrate numbers in relation to niche availability in Scots pine, it would appear that the deadwood habitat is underrepresented in Scots pine forests and increasing the availability of this niche would enhance invertebrate biodiversity. An issue for managers is the need to distinguish between increasing total biodiversity and the encouragement of rare species with particular niche requirements which may also be dependent upon the continuity of that niche within a landscape.
Populus nigra. EUFORGEN Genetic Conservation Network
Authors: De Vries S. M.G.
Published: May 2024

Populus nigra L. is a tree of social and economic importance. It is a unique pioneer species of riparian ecosystems which contributes to the natural control of flooding and water quality, and which is characterised by a high level of diversity of the fauna and flora. P. nigra has direct economic values as supplier of raw materials for industries and is also important as a crossing parent in the production of healthy and fast growing Populus x euramericana hybrids. Its current rarity is due to the loss of its natural habitat due to drainage of rivers and management of riverbanks. It is not known if the genetic diversity of the species has been reduced as a consequence. Another threat to the gene pool might come from the possible interspecific hybridisation. One of the networks is devoted to Populus nigra, the European Black Poplar and one of the aims of the network is to develop appropriate conservation strategies for the species concerned. The Network has developed some activities on dynamic and static genetic conservation, but it is necessary better knowledge to face to genetic conservation at long term. The low level of information about genetic diversity in P. nigra is one of the causes to develop a European project where some studies are being done to establish a long term conservation methodology.
Genetic resource conservation of mediterranean oaks in Spain
Authors: Jiménez P. , Gil L.
Published: May 2024

Ecological and economical interest of mediterranean species of genus Quercus (Quercus ilex, Q. suber, Q. coccifera) justify the studies and actions focused on conservation of their genetic resources. As an essential basis for the development of conservation strategies, a review of the state of knowledge on these species diversity is offered, mainly referred to genetic variation. Factors determining genetic structure are commented, as well as the relevance of some marginal populations for conservation purposes. In spite of the peculiarities of each species, similar distribution and management lead to common conservation problems. Main threats come from the exploitation models: lack of regeneration, low maturity in coppices, uncontrolled seed movements, etc. Marginal populations have higher risk of disappearance due to their singular characteristics (low demographic size, limitant habitats). These menaces require the adoption of strategies in which the management promote natural regeneration and the evolution of the stands, while at the same time particular risks of each population are considered.
Radial growth evolution in a mature stand of Pinus nigra Arn. in the province of Lleida
Authors: Meya D. , González J. Mª. , Aunóss A.
Published: May 2024

An adult stand (mean age = 139 years) of Pinus nigra ssp. salzmannii var. pyrenaica has been studied in the W of the Solsonès district (Lleida province, NE of Spain). Cores from 97 adult trees have been bored and measured, obtaining 13.340 annual rings that have been measured and cross-dated, thus building a growth chronology from 1818 to 1996. The relationships between the measured dendrometrical parameters and the observed growth increments have been analysed, finding generally low correlations. Three growth mean series have been built (average chronology, standarized, and age-based), in order to analyse the stand evolution. A long period of growth slowing and supression that lasted for nearly 80 years was followed by a strong cutting and a growth release reaction, when the mean age of the stand was already of 101 years.
Warp in structural timber. Causes and control
Authors: Díez M. R. , Fernández-Golfín J. I. , Hermoso E.
Published: May 2024

Over a sample of 948 boards with dried dimensions of 150 X 50 X 3,000 mm, coming from 22 trees felled in 4 different areas of the National Park of «Cazorla y Segura» (Jaen, Spain), was studied the influence of site, tree and position of boards within the tree on bow, spring, twist and cupping of timber, measured according to the methodology of the Spanish standard UNE 56.544. The relationship between the percentage of rejected timber and the average twist in every log along the stem was studied, analysing the influence of site, tree and log on such a relation. The influence of every factor is studied, concluding that the main sources of variability are the intralog variability (> 50 %) and the intertree variability (>40 %). Site factor explain not more than the 2 % of the total observed variability in the percentage of rejected timber for excessive warp. Possible methods of control to increase industrial yield are discussed, concluding that an improvement of sawing and log grading methods are needed.
Fluorescence induction in Pine. Response of Pinus halepensis Miller, P. nigra Arnold and P. pinaster Aiton to hexazinone and simazine herbicides
Authors: Villarroya M. , Ortega M. , Chueca M. C. , García Baudín J. M.
Published: May 2024

The first phases of the development of pines could be affected by weed competition. The use of herbicides is fundamental for weed control but herbicide treatment must be safe for pines. This work study the effect of two herbicides, hexazinone and simazine, over three pine species Pinus halepensis, P. nigra and P. pinaster by means of measures of the fast phase of the chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics. The study is conducted in early caulinars leaves of pine treated for 48 hours with doses of 2 and 4 ppm of each herbicide. Herbicide treatment and recovery of plants was done under hydroponics conditions in climatic chamber. P. nigra was more tolerant than P. pinaster and P. halepensis to hexazinone. There were no differences between species in simazine response. The three pine species show better recovery of photosynthetic activity in hexazinone treatments than in simazine treatments, indicating better tolerance of tree to hexazinone than to simazine.
Forest public goods in national accounts
Authors: Bergen V.
Published: May 2024

The consideration of forest public goods within national accounting requires a depiction of intersectoral relations characterized by market failure. These interrelations do not have monetary equivalents and, thus, are not yet considered in present national accounting. When interpreting these relations as flows of public goods between forestry and other sectors, monetary equivalents may be derived from market simulations. As a consequence, it is necessary to get to an extended definition of the term production including flows of public goods between institutional sectors as well as an extended definition of the term real estates including natural assets.
Applied multiple use forest accounting in the Guadarrama pinewoods (Spain)
Authors: Caparrós A. , Campos P. , Montero G.
Published: May 2024

The paper discusses in detail the application of a methodology capable to estimate the hicksian income generated in a multiple-use forest incorporating in a homogenous manner commercial and non-commercial incomes. Real market values are used where available and market conditions are simulated where goods and services are presently outside of markets. The case study is a Pinus silvestris L. area close to Madrid (Spain) with high value timber production and with an important affluence of recreational visitors. Results show the relevance of non-commercial incomes and the fact that the landowner appropriates only a minor part of the total income generated.
Physical accounts of the forest in the basin of Piedras Blancas, Medellin (Colombia)
Authors: Blandon L.
Published: May 2024

The physical account for «Piedras Blancas» is a pilot study in order to structure a useful methodology for the Department of Antioquia and possibly for a national level. In these accounts, the biomass of the restocking, stems, leaves and fruits are calculated, as well as the total and commercial biomass.
Influence of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi culture filtrates on callus of elms with different susceptibility to Dutch Elm Disease
Authors: Diez J. , Gil L.
Published: May 2024

The long time needed to achieve results in traditional elm breeding programs against Dutch Elm Disease (DED) justifies the search for new selection techniques. In this paper, effects of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi culture filtrates on 20 elm genotypes were assayed, in an attempt to find out whether growth responses were related to their DED resistance level. Callus growth was lower with O. novo-ulmi culture filtrates. However, this response was independent of DED resistance. The influence of fungal media components, present in the control culture filtrates, on the callus hinders the use of these techniques in DED resistance selection.
Phytoclimatic characterization of holm-oak provenances (Quercus ilex L.) in the Central-Northern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: García López J. M. , Gonzalo Jiménez J. , Allue Camacho C.
Published: May 2024

This paper presents some contributions to the phytoclimatic characterization of stands of holm-oak (Quercus ilex. L.) in the centre-north of the Iberian Peninsula and the testing of a method of phytoclimatic homologation applicable to the characterization of provenances of the species. For the phytoclimatic characterization, 432 sampling points in the Province of Burgos were considered, corresponding to the centres of cartographic tessellae of actual vegetation in which holm-oak was the principle species of the forest (18,965 ha). The phytoclimatic diagnosis followed the phytoclimatic models of Allué-Andrade. Phytoclimatic territorial models were constructed in digital format on the basis of preliminary territorial factorial estimations, which were used to determine phytoclimatic terns. Based on the establishment of phytoclimatic ambits for the existence of holm-oak stands in Burgos and stratification in accordance with the five phytoclimatic subtypes (VI(IV)1, VI(IV)2, VI(VII), VI(V) and VI), phytoclimatic homologation was performed in three phases of increasing strictness, all based on a comparison of phytoclimatic terns derived from the general and specific phytoclimatic systems. In the strictest homologation, an adequate and territorially compact degree of discrimination was achieved for 2.622.500 ha (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) and 116.00 ha (Quercus ilex subsp. ilex) in the centre-north of the Iberian Peninsula. The marked edaphic azonality of the species was an important factor in the interpretation of the results.
Behaviour of pre-emergence herbicides in poplar nurseries
Authors: Sixto H. , Grau J. M. , García Baudin J. M.
Published: May 2024

The poplar cutting response to five pre-emergence herbicides (Oxadiazon, Isoxaben, Oxifluorfen, Tiazopir and Pendimetaline) in nursery conditions were studied. In order to evaluate quantitatively the selectivity and efficacy of the herbicides, the shoot height of the trees and the dry weight of the weeds were recorded. Species were identified and their presence in the different treatments were assessed.
Taper equations for Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. et Endl.) Krasser and their use in total volume estimation
Authors: Cellini J. M. , Martínez Pastur G. , Wabö E. , Lencinas M. V.
Published: May 2024

Sixty trees of Nothofagus pumilio along a site gradient between qualities 1 to 3 were sampled in Tierra del Fuego (Argentine). Taper equations were fitted for trees living in secondary forests (stands originated from the regeneration after the harvesting) of N. pumilio, comparing four traditional models with a non-traditional equation, which use the site quality as variable. Therefore, form factor was incorporated into the traditional volume equations comparing their fitting by a residual analysis. Muhairwe variable-exponent taper equation, which includes the diameter at the breast height, the total height and the height at a certain diameter, had the best general behavior, with the best fit to several site quality classes, diameter and relative heights. The new proposed model in this work, that included the site quality as variable has poor fit, but increase their usefulness, since it not include the total height mensuration. The inclusion of the form factor in the elaboration of the volume models improves the fit through a simple methodology, without increasing the complexity of the traditional models.
Modelization of diameter distribution of Pinus pinea L. stands in Valladolid (Spain) using Weibull function
Authors: García Güemes C. , Cañadas N. , Montero G.
Published: May 2024

Models for predicting parameter behaviour in the 2-parameter Weibull function in even-aged Pinus pinea stands of Valladolid (Spain) have been adjusted. From data out of 131 plots (20 trees per plot), real distribution parameters have been adjusted, using the percentile method, as well as non-linear regression. Next, predictive models of calculated parameters were adjusted, using stand variables. Parameter «b» is deeply related to mean cuadratic diameter (dg), while parameter «c», which was more difficult to model, is related to dg and other variable (Age or Canopy cover).
Application of a Geographical Information System (GIS) to the Study of Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera-Siricidae) in Calamuchita Valley, Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Lopez A. , Demaestri M. , Zupan E. , Barotto O. , Viale S. , Degioanni A.
Published: May 2024

In the Valley of Calamuchita (Córdoba-Argentina), a forested area with 36,202 ha. of Pinus spp., it has been developed from 1996 a Geographical Information System (GIS) as a complementary tool for the study of the pest Sirex noctilio Fabricius. The objective is to store, to organize, to contrast and to analyze the obtained data of the study of Sirex noctilio F., with the purpose of generating new information that will serve as a basis in the definition of a strategy of pest management. In seven operative areas, were establishied points of sampling in permanent transects across different sites. In each one it was registered, degree attacks of the pest, management, density and age of the stand and its geographical position with GPS. The GIS was carried out with the data originated from the monitoring. The GIS was integrated by a space database and a database with thematic information. The result consisted on the elaboration of analogical maps by means of the visual analysis of pictures at 1:50.000 scale, digital prosessing of LandSat TM 5 satellite images and elaboration of thematic maps. In the conversion of analogical to digital information, it was used the vectorial system ARC/INFO. The pattern entity-relationship were the approache utylized for the generation of databases. The software used was the Visual dBASE, 1995. This information was modeled cartographically with the software ARCVIEW. As resulted of these activities is possible to have a data base from the last five sampling. It allows to understand not only the attack levels and their temporal variation, but also other aspects of the plantations like composition, management, density and estimated age.
Integrating the comercial haversts of mushrooms in forest management. An application in «Urcico» forest (Zamora)
Authors: Díaz Balteiro L. , Álvarez Nieto A. , Oria de Rueda Salgueiro J. A.
Published: May 2024

Although the non-timber forest products show a scarce importance at macroeconomic level, it is obvious they reach a great importance at local markets. Nevertheless, their incorporation within the methodologies usually employed in forest management are generally very weak in Spain. In this work we try to deep in the inclusion of these products inside the forest management, particularly in the case of mushrooms. The theoretical aspects of the paper are applied to a regular afforestation of Pinus sylvestris L., that it is representative of some common management problems in many Spanish forests. To perform this work a linear programming model has been built. Several objectives have been defined, associated with timber and mushroom production, and measured in physical and monetary units. The constraints habitually considered in forest management are included in the model. The solutions obtained are generally feasible, showing the degree of conflict between the objectives considered. Besides, another constraints that reflect recreation-protection criteria are successfully introduced.
Stem taper functions and volume equations with product classification for Pinus sylvestris L. in Galicia (NW Spain)
Authors: Novo N. , Rojo A. , Álvarez J. G.
Published: May 2024

Twenty one taper functions from seven different groups of models (single polynomials, segmented polynomials, potential, exponential, variable exponent, trigonometric and logarithmic taper functions) were fitted to a sample of 1,694 diameter data. Diameter was measured at different heights of 163 Pinus sylvestris L. type trees of different ages and different site qualities from Galicia (Northwest of Spain). The adjusted equations were compared and validated through an independent sample of 565 data of diameter height from 73 type trees. A volume equation with product classification including the chosen exponential taper equation was developed.
Conditions and limits to the natural regeneration of a mountain pine forest (Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii)
Authors: Tíscar Oliver P. A.
Published: May 2024

This paper analyses the influence of different factors in the regeneration process of a natural Salzmann pine (Pinus nigra) forest in the Cazorla mountain range (south-east Spain). The factors analysed were related to stand structure, soil conditions, climate records, shrub competition and, finally, to the presence of seed predators. In particular, the forage pattern of seed predators in relation to the spatial distribution of shrubs was investigated, and, at the same time, whether shrubs do not compete with Salzmann pine seedlings for resources, but facilitate their establishment and growth. Results suggest that pine regeneration is facilitated by the presence of Juniper bushes (Juniperus communis), and that seed predators can not consume the whole harvest of a mast year. Of the other factors considered, only the long summer drought has a definitive influence on the population dynamics of Salzmann pine stands. For this reason, the use of selection felling methods is recommended, in order to maintain soil moisture, as is the maintenance of all the shrub species within the stand, and, finally, to be patient until achieved enough quantity of regeneration.
Estimating diameter at breast height and stem volume from stump dimensions for six timber species in Galicia (Northwestern Spain)
Authors: Diéguez-Aranda U. , Barrio Anta M. , Castedo Dorado F. , Balboa Murias M.
Published: May 2024

It becomes necessary to use stump dimensions to predict tree volume when a tree has been cut and only the stump remains as an indicator of tree size. Thus, diameter at breast height (dbh) can be predicted from stump measurements and an estimated volume can be obtained by the use of local volume equations, or stem volume can be estimated directly from stump dimensions with a specifically constructed volume equation. Regression equations for predicting dbh and stem volume from tree stump dimensions were adjusted for six of the main timber species in Galicia (Northwestern Spain) (Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Pinus pinaster Ait., Pinus radiata D. Don, Pinus sylvestris L., Quercus robur L. and Betula alba L.), using data collected on 1,450 trees cut in even-aged stands, and fitting linear and multiplicative models transformed by taking natural logarithms. Results show that stump diameter is the most related variable with dbh and stem volume. Stump height did not improve significantly the predictions, except in Betula alba. With this work a simple and important tool is offered to forest sector professionals, private owners and public institutions.
Vegetative bud-burst variability of European elms
Authors: Santini A. , Ghelardini L. , Falusi M. , Bohnens J. , Buron M. , Collin E. , Solla A. , Vanden Broeck A.
Published: May 2024

The bud-burst dates of clones of Ulmus minor, Ulmus glabra, and Ulmus laevis were recorded in the field during the spring of 2000, 2001 and 2002 at six locations in five European countries. Meteorological data were obtained from stations close to the plots. Thermal time to bud-burst (T) and chilling (C) were calculated. A relationship on the form T = a + b erC was fitted for each species. In the three species, winter rest release seems to be controlled by two opposite quantitative effects of the temperature, which interrelate according to an inverse exponential relation. Besides, the bud-burst date was found to be stable between years characterised by different winter thermal trends. These three Elm species have small chilling requirements. U. minor has chilling requirements lower than those of the other two species, in agreement with the more southern distribution.
Elm breeding for resistance against bark beetles
Authors: Pajares J. A.
Published: May 2024

Dutch Elm Disease (DED) forms a complex system of three elements closely interacting: a host, a pathogen and an insect vector. Elm breeding programmes for resistance to DED have been exclusively based on selecting or obtaining pathogen-resistant trees, thus stressing only the host–pathogen side of the interaction and missing the vector component. Resistance against the bark beetle vectors would involve mechanisms other than those implicated in fungus resistance. As a consequence the search for resistance to the vectors would offer more than just a different way of obtaining resistant elms as it would allow incorporation of a new type of resistance into pathogen-resistant trees. Suppressing twig crotch feeding by elm bark beetles would greatly reduce infection on healthy elms. Evidence of preferences by elm bark beetles among different elm species has been documented in the field and in controlled experiments, demonstrating that U. minor is preferred over U. laevis and U. glabra, whereas intraspecific preferences among individual elms or clones remain largely unexplored. The selection of an individual plant by an insect is a two-step process that involves finding and accepting the host. Plant chemicals can play a key role in both of these steps, acting either as long-range stimuli, such as attractants or repellents, or as close-range contact cues, such as feeding stimulants and deterrents, operating after landing on the plant surface. Research on the chemical aspects of elm selection by bark beetles is here reviewed, and prospects for the future are discussed.
Site productivity estimation using height-diameter relationships in Costa Rican secondary forests
Authors: Herrera-Fernández B. , Campos J. J. , Kleinn C.
Published: May 2024

Site quality was assessed in four secondary forests dominated by the commercially important tree species Vochysia ferruginea in Northern Costa Rica. A variation of the site quality concept known as site form (i.e. the expected mean height at 25 cm dbh) was used. Twenty-nine sample plots (20 × 20 m) were installed covering soil and topographic variation within and between sites. Site form was estimated for each plot using a linear model. The site form estimations show a high variation between plots (from 16.2 m to 32.2 m), which could indicate large variation in site productivity. Site form of V. ferruginea was significantly correlated with total stand basal area of all species, which supports the potential value of site form as an indicator of site productivity. Twenty-six physical and chemical soil variables showed significant correlation with site form. Adjusted multiple regression models of site form on soil variables were fitted by stepwise regression analysis (forward selection method). The best fit was obtained using only the percentage of sand at 12-30 cm as the independent variable (r2 = 59.3%, s.e.= 3.0 m). The results of this study suggest that site form appears to be a potentially useful indicator of site quality in broadleaved neotropical secondary rainforests when age is unknown.
Analysis of Legal Protection of Non-traditional Trademarks from a Global PerspectiveTaking Scent Trademarks as an Example
Authors: Mao Xinyu
Published: May 2024

With the constant advancement of the economy and technology, especially the development of high-tech technology, the traditional trademark can no longer meet the needs of social and enterprise development. From traditional visual trademarks to three-dimensional trademarks, sound marks, and even scent marks, non-traditional trademarks are playing an increasingly important role in transactions. Therefore, the legal protection of non-traditional trademarks is particularly important. By collecting and reading the relevant references and materials, this paper adopts the methods of literature analysis, comparison method, and case analysis to analyze of Legal protection of non-traditional trademarks from a global perspectivetaking scent trademarks as an example. The paper points out the current situation in the protection of non-traditional trademarks, taking scent marks as an example, and puts forward some feasible suggestions, such as: Reference the "staff " representation method, Promoting scientific and technological progress, and Scent branding prompts in the product. It can be concluded that the registration and protection systems of scent trademarks in various countries are not perfect, they can be shown in the strict requirements for registrable trademarks regarding the representation of odor, the distinctiveness of trademark registration, and the functional of marks. Countries should pay more attention to them. The study suggests that it is necessary to improve the scent trademark legislation, which is conducive to better protection of intellectual property rights, encourage innovation of enterprises, and safeguard the interests of enterprises.
Analyzing Monarchy and Republicanism in Machiavelli's The Prince: A Corpus-Based Study of Political Representations
Authors: Zhang Binglin
Published: May 2024

This research filled a research gap in the utilization of corpus and discourse analysis in The Prince. Niccol Machiavellis paramount treatise, The Prince, persists in generating scholarly discourse and contentious discussions due to its forthright examination of political expediency within the turbulent milieu of Renaissance Italy. Although Machiavelli's impact permeates the discipline of political science, the preponderance of examinations of his oeuvre has been conducted from political and philosophical perspectives, resulting in a dearth of analysis from a linguistic standpoint. Traditional discourse analysis has played a critical role in investigating attitudes, but it tends to focus on a small number of texts only, which leads to concerns from the perspective of statistics. This study aims to use a new prevailing method combining corpus-based research with manual text analysis, to investigate Machiavellis attitudes toward Republics, by analyzing his famous work The Prince. An analytical model based on the attitude schema is proposed to explicate the strategies for encoding attitudes. Analysis shows that Machiavellis attitudes towards Republicanism are characterized by a series of positive judgments of propriety, creating a positive image of Republicanism, whereas when Republicanism is mentioned, his attitudes are characterized by his favor. It is found that negative attitudes are always expressed implicitly by recounting events that elicit the attitudes (i.e. behaviors of the monarchies or republics) and performing speech acts that are motivated by the attitudes.
The Effect of Family Education on Childrens Growth and Development
Authors: Meng Yuanyuan
Published: May 2024

Children may be more affected by their parents normal verbals or ways of thinking than the others education, like school or social. Family education will firstly play a crucial role in establishing some basic character or kind of person originally, and it may also be difficult to change, which may be the reason to explain people can determine whether your parents are good or not by acknowledging you. So, family education will inflect situations in your family by yourself, and you will be shaped by such conditions or education. Family is an original source of information for children and has a huge impact on childrens growth and development, so children learn starting with their parents. In this case, normal behaviors and ways of communication from parents will be imitated by their children. This study summarizes three factors of family education that can affect their childrens growth. According to analysis, it is concluded that family education plays a crucial role in helping children to grow and develop, outlining their personalities, and processing the first impressions of gender cognition.
The Impact of the Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation on the World: Taking the Belt and Road Initiative as an Example
Authors: Dai Xinyao
Published: May 2024

As China emerges in global affairs, the rise of China and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation have become one of the focal points on the international stage today. This paper takes the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as an example and deeply explores the impact of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on the international community. The theory of the Thucydides Trap and the international attention sparked by China's rise are focused, and a combination of strategic research and literature review is employed to systematically analyze the initiative's performance from both strategic and cultural perspectives. The study finds that the BRI reflects China's multiple roles as a global economic participant and an advocate for international cooperation; meanwhile, it also triggers potential challenges of geopolitical competition and the Thucydides Trap. The conclusion emphasizes a profound understanding of the positive impact of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on the world, providing wise references for the cooperation and stability of the international community. This research provides an in-depth and comprehensive perspective on the evolution of China's role in global perception.
Assessing the Copyright Infringement Risk of Generative AI Created Works
Authors: Yan Miao , Wang Longfei
Published: May 2024

The rapid evolution of the Internet and big data technology has ushered in significant advancements in data production and utilization. However, this progress has brought to the forefront the intricate issue of copyright protection. This is particularly evident with the widespread adoption of generative artificial intelligence (AI), where concerns regarding data source protection, data processing standards, and the boundaries of data application have garnered considerable attention from both academia and industry. Big data mining techniques coupled with generative AI algorithms offer robust support for data collection and processing, but they also introduce risks of data infringement and pose challenges regarding algorithmic compliance and ownership rights over generated works. Addressing these issues is imperative. This paper recommends enhancing legal compliance standards throughout each stage of the generative AI process, recalibrating the scope of acceptable copyright use, and establishing a regulatory framework for generative AI works. These measures are crucial for fostering the sustainable and orderly advancement of the generative AI industry.
Research on Business Contracts and Legal Regulations
Authors: Zhao Hengzhen
Published: May 2024

In todays business environment, commercial contracts serve as important tools for regulating business activities, and their binding force and enforcement mechanisms are essential for the stability of business transactions. However, the complexity of commercial contracts often leads to various challenges, including contract interpretation, performance, and dispute resolution. Against this background, the research centers on the following questions. What are the challenges in drafting and enforcing commercial contracts? How effective are legal rules in constraining and protecting commercial contracts? What are the legal protection and risk management strategies of parties involved in commercial contracts? By conducting an in-depth study of these questions, this study examines the relationship between commercial contracts and laws and regulations, with a particular focus on the complexity of commercial contracts. As such, the paper aims to provide practical recommendations for strengthening the legal framework of commercial contracts and promoting the effective protection of the interests of all parties in business transactions.
On the Copyright Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Products
Authors: Wen Meilin
Published: May 2024

With the gradual maturity of artificial intelligence technology, artificial intelligence products continue to emerge in the market, which poses new challenges to the current copyright law system. In particular, whether artificial intelligence products are copyrightable is a hot and difficult issue in the current theoretical and practical circles. Based on this, there are two mainstream viewpoints in the current theoretical circle, that is, the viewpoint that supports copyright protection for artificial intelligence products from the perspective of "reader-centered", and the viewpoint that opposes copyright protection for artificial intelligence products from the perspective of author-centered". However, the question of whether artificial intelligence products can be protected by copyright involves verifying the reasonableness and forward-looking nature of the "open" regulation of copyright objects in China on one hand. On the other hand, it is also relates to determining the future legislative direction of high-level artificial intelligence. Therefore, by comparing the similarities and differences in originality between the copyright law system and the copyright law system, the conclusion is drawn that artificial intelligence products should be protected by copyright. The evaluation criteria of subject-object separation established by "reader-centered doctrine" should be adopted.
Research and Institutional Construction of Corporate Compliance Administrative and Criminals Involved in the Case
Authors: Zhang Wencan
Published: May 2024

In the second half of the development of the compliance and rectification system for the companies involved in the case in my country, the poor connection between executions hindered the compliance and rectification system of the companies involved in the case from playing a greater practical role. The two main reasons for the dual illegality of the corporate administrative offenders involved and the independence of our country's execution agencies make the connection of executions a unique practical problem in China. In the illegal investigation, case filing, investigation and prosecution, as well as the compliance extension stage after the end of the criminal process, there are institutional gaps in the connection between executions. Existing problems can be solved one by one by promoting execution agencies to strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the stages of illegal investigation, reconnaissance, review and prosecution, mutual recognition of compliance results, relay compliance rectification, optimizing third-party mechanisms and attaching importance to big data empowerment.
Game Study on Morning Peak Road Congestion Problem
Authors: Zhou Yujie
Published: May 2024

The morning peak road congestion problem has always been a hot issue in urban traffic management. Road congestion during the morning peak not only affects the travel efficiency of travelers, but also has a serious negative impact on the urban environment and economic development. This article starts from the perspective of game theory and focuses on the problem of road selection. This article considers government supervision and builds a game model from the two game subjects of the driver and the traffic controller. This article analyzes the relationship between the driver and the driver, the driver and the traffic controller. This paper studies the impact of traffic time, whether the driver investigates in advance, and whether the traffic commander conducts road command on the stable strategy of the driver's road choice game. The research results of this article show that drivers and drivers can achieve Nash equilibrium by choosing different roads, and drivers adopting collaborative strategies during the morning peak period can effectively alleviate road congestion. Under the condition of ensuring the cost of arranging traffic commanders for drivers and the government, drivers can investigate the road in advance and traffic commanders can direct road 2, which can effectively promote the smooth operation of the traffic system. At the same time, this article puts forward targeted policy suggestions, aiming to optimize the allocation of transportation resources, improve road traffic efficiency, reduce morning peak road congestion, and provide scientific reference and decision-making support for urban traffic management.
Evolutionary Game of Fertility Desire of Women of Childbearing Age
Authors: Jiang Jialing
Published: May 2024

In recent years, China's fertility rate has shown an obvious downward trend, which has aroused people's widespread concern. As social attitudes change, some women's concepts of childbearing also change and they dont want to have children too early. This paper constructs a game model between the government and women of childbearing age who don't want to have children and explores the effects of economic subsidies, psychological benefits, and job security brought by the government's policies to one-child or two-child families on the fertility desire. Through the study, it was found that current domestic fertility policies have not been effective in promoting higher fertility rates. The pure strategy Nash equilibrium obtained by the line drawing method is a strategy in which the government push fertility policies and women choose not to have children. In order to effectively increase the fertility rate, on the basis of increasing subsidies, the government should guide women who have not given birth to a correct view of fertility and provide women who have given birth to one child with more economic subsidies and employment guarantees.
The Embodiment of Ugliness in 20th Century Western Music: A Case Study of Schoenberg's Prelude
Authors: Fan Jiali
Published: May 2024

This article traces the historical emergence and development of the concept of ugliness in Western classical art, focusing on its evolution from ancient Greece to the 20th century. Initially, beauty was revered above all else, with ugliness deemed impure and sinful. However, thinkers like Augustine introduced the idea of relative ugliness, highlighting its role as a contrast to beauty. In the 18th century, Baumgarten defined aesthetics, exploring the notion of ugliness as the opposite of beauty. Rosenkranz further categorized ugliness into natural, spiritual, and artistic forms, laying the foundation for modern ugliness studies. The tumultuous social backdrop of the 19th and 20th centuries, including the World Wars and economic disparities, saw a resurgence of interest in ugliness as a means of artistic expression. This trend manifested notably in expressionist music, exemplified by Arnold Schoenberg's adoption of the twelve-tone technique. Schoenberg's "Prelude" is analyzed to demonstrate how he utilized rhythm, meter, dynamics, and melodic direction to embody the principles of ugliness studies. The article concludes by emphasizing the significance of ugliness studies in modern and contemporary art, challenging traditional aesthetic principles and contributing to a broader understanding of artistic movements beyond beauty.
A Research on the Origins of Ritual Theatre in Eastern Asia: The Associative Development of Chinese Nuo Theatre and Japanese Noh Theatre
Authors: Chen Kexu
Published: May 2024

As a region with a significant agricultural industry, the ritual theatre of East Asia played an important role in the early drama of its origins. In addition, the trajectory of the early agricultural and religious cultural interactions in East Asian countries was decisive in shaping their national cultural roots, so exploring the different developments of ritual theatre among different countries on the basis of the history of early cultural interactions can help to provide a more explicit understanding of the cultural development of ritual theatre in East Asia. This research explores the trajectories of Nuo theatre in China and Noh theatre in Japan, broadly in terms of both agriculture and religion, summarises the similarities and differences between the developmental routes of Nuo and Noh theatre, and analyses the causes of the contemporary phenomenon of Nuo and Noh theatre moving along different developmental routes.
Privacy-Preserving data analysis
Authors: Ali Yara Maha Dolla
Published: May 2024

With the ever-increasing volume of data being generated and shared across various platforms, the challenge of maintaining privacy while extracting value from this data has become paramount. This paper delves into the realm of Privacy-Preserving Data Analysis (PPDA), examining its current landscape and the pivotal techniques shaping it. Using datasets from diverse domains, we evaluated four leading PPDA techniquesDifferential Privacy, Homomorphic Encryption, Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC), and Data Obfuscationto discern their efficacy and trade-offs in terms of data utility and privacy breach risk. Our findings underscore the strengths and constraints of each method, guiding researchers and practitioners in choosing the optimal approach for specific scenarios. As data continues to be an invaluable asset in the digital age, the tools and techniques to analyze it privately will play a critical role in shaping future data-driven decision-making processes.
Research on traffic flow prediction method based on adaptive multi-channel graph convolutional neural networks
Authors: Xu Zhengzheng , Gu Junhua
Published: May 2024

In order to address the issues of predefined adjacency matrices inadequately representing information in road networks, insufficiently capturing spatial dependencies of traffic networks, and the potential problem of excessive smoothing or neglecting initial node information as the layers of graph convolutional neural networks increase, thus affecting traffic prediction performance, this paper proposes a prediction model based on Adaptive Multi-channel Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (AMGCN). The model utilizes an adaptive adjacency matrix to automatically learn implicit graph structures from data, introduces a mixed skip propagation graph convolutional neural network model, which retains the original node states and selectively acquires outputs of convolutional layers, thus avoiding the loss of node initial states and comprehensively capturing spatial correlations of traffic flow. Finally, the output is fed into Long Short-Term Memory networks to capture temporal correlations. Comparative experiments on two real datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Using the Osborne Model to Develop Grammar Concepts in Morphology Teaching and Learning
Authors: Al-Amarnih Emad Farouq , Ellala Ziyad Kamel , Al-Tkhayneh Khawlah M. , Alqudah Hatem , Alwaely Suad Abdalkareem
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of teaching a unit of grammar using Osborne’s model of creative problem-solving, to help secondary school students in the United Arab Emirates develop grammatical concepts. The study sample consisted of 62 tenth-grade students from the Elite School in Abu Dhabi, with 32 students in the experimental group and 30 students in the control group. The participants were purposefully selected during the academic year 2023/2022. The results indicated statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group taught according to Osborne’s model of creative problem-solving in developing grammatical concepts. The study provides several recommendations, including retesting Osborne’s model for developing grammatical concepts on both male and female students and across different grade levels. We also suggest that teachers consider using Osborne’s model during their teaching or incorporating some stages of the model into Arabic language curricula, particularly in general education stages. Also, to implement the Osborne model to develop thinking skills at different levels, specifically critical thinking skills, creative thinking, and problem-solving.
Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Sekolah Dasar pada Materi Pengolahan Data Matematika
Authors: Nanna A. Wilda Indra , Pratiwi Enditiyas , Kusnadi Dedi
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterampilan berpikir siswa sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif yang dilaksanakan di salah satu sekolah dasar di kota Tarakan. Instrumen yang diguanakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes berpikir kritis, pedoman observasi dan wawancara. Tes diberikan kepada 24 calon subjek penelitian, yang kemudian dikelompokkan dalam keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Peneliti selanjutnya melakukan wawancara yang mewakili masing-masing kategori keterampilan sebagai bentuk triangulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas siswa memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis sedang. Siswa dengan keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi memnuhi semua aspek berpikir kritis, siswa dengan keterampilan berpikir kritis sedang mengalami kesalahan dalam menuliskan jawaban pada lembar kerja, akan tetapi karena memiliki pengaturan diri yang baik dan menunjukkan kemampuan memahami dan evaluasi sehingga dapat menyadari kesalahannya. Sedangkan siswa dengan keterampilan berpikir kritis rendah tidak mampu menunjukkan semua aspek berpikir kritis, subjek menjawab masalah dengan hanya menggunakan dugaan dan mengoperasikan smeua angka yang ada dalam soal.