bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Disorders of the Biliary Tract and Cholelithiasis: Analysis of a Possible Relationship
Authors: Shulpekova Yu. O. , Popova I. R. , Nechaev V. M.
Published: October 2024

Aim: Diagnostic criteria for functional disorders of the biliary tract are presented in the materials of the Rome IV consensus, as well as expert councils of Russian and foreign specialists. Episodes of functional biliary pain are caused by a violation of bile outflow through the cystic duct and sphincter of Oddi. It has been suggested that there is a “biliary continuum” in which in some patients’ biliary dysfunction is transformed into cholelithiasis.

   Key points. Lithogenic bile is considered as the pathophysiological basis for the development of biliary dyskinesia and cholelithiasis. Lithogenic bile provokes inflammation of low grades in the mucous membrane of the biliary tract, decreased contractility of the gallbladder and impaired relaxation of the biliary sphincters, impaired physiological response to cholecystokinin. Changes in motility of the biliary tract may be associated with the influence of hydrophobic bile salts and impaired eicosanoid metabolism. Hyperplasia of the epithelium and muscle layer, hypersecretion of mucin and cholesterol precipitation further impair the outflow of bile. Experimental data and some clinical observations indicate the possibility of transformation of biliary dysfunction into cholelithiasis. Dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi is one of the possible consequences of cholecystectomy and, in fact, acts as a variant of postcholecystectomy syndrome. The basis for the treatment of biliary dysfunctions are antispasmodics of different classes, which can be combined with ursodeoxycholic acid. The biliary tract-selective antispasmodic hymecromone has shown high effectiveness in relieving biliary pain, which also has a moderate choleretic effect and the ability to prevent the crystallization of cholesterol in bile and can be used both for functional diseases and for cholelithiasis. The domestic drug hymecromone “Odecromone” entered the pharmaceutical market.

   Conclusion. There is no doubt that the relevance of further study of the patterns of development of biliary dysfunctions and GI is obvious. The study of this problem will contribute to the development of effective preventive approaches, including in the field of nutraceuticals.
Increased Intra-Abdominal Pressure as One of the Links in the Pathogenesis of Secondary Diffuse Purulent Peritonitis
Authors: Cherdantsev D. V. , Ovchinnikova O. V. , Trofimovich Yu. G. , Noskov I. G. , Pervova O. V. , Kovalenko A. A.
Published: October 2024

Aim: to present literature data on the importance of intra-abdominal hypertension in the pathogenesis of peritonitis.

   Key points. Secondary purulent peritonitis is a severe and fairly common form of abdominal infection with high mortality. According to statistics, hospitalization of patients with signs of local or diffuse peritonitis is more than 15 % among patients with acute surgical pathologies. One of the factors in the development of complications and an unfavorable prognosis for this disease is increased intra-abdominal pressure. To measure this indicator, a Foley catheter inserted into the bladder is used in medical practice. According to reference values, the optimal level of intra-abdominal pressure does not exceed 5 mmHg. A persistent increase in pressure of 12 mmHg and above indicates the development of intra-abdominal hypertension. An increase in the level of intra-abdominal pressure indicates the progression of the inflammatory destructive process in the abdominal cavity and contributes to the development of multiple organ failure with subsequent fatal outcome with untimely treatment. With an indicator exceeding 20 mmHg, there is a risk of developing abdominal compartment syndrome. This condition is characterized by increased pressure in two or more anatomical areas, which leads to decreased blood flow and subsequent tissue hypoxia. Intra-abdominal hypertension also increases the risk of developing postoperative peritonitis in patients who have undergone laparotomy.

   Conclusion. To predict the course of secondary diffuse purulent peritonitis, reduce the risk of complications and mortality, it is necessary to focus on measuring intra-abdominal pressure as a mandatory manipulation in surgical patients. Despite its general availability and ease of implementation, this technique allows assessing the severity of organ dysfunctions.
Resident Instruction: Improving End-of-Year Medical Student Ultrasound Performance
Authors: Taylor Michael J. , Gittens Ayesha , Beaubian Drew , Grady James , Herbst Meghan Kelly
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: Having a limited number of trained faculty is a barrier to successful incorporation of ultrasound into undergraduate medical education. We evaluated the effectiveness of a resident-led extended focused assessment with sonography in trauma (eFAST) session administered to fourth-year medical students during their emergency medicine clerkship by measuring students’ end-of-year eFAST performance and confidence.
Methods: This was a single-site cross-sectional study of all graduating medical students enrolled in fourth-year clerkships between May 1, 2022 and April 30, 2023. A 60-minute, team-based eFAST session (intervention), taught by emergency medicine residents, was added to students’ fourth-year emergency medicine clerkship in September 2022. All students were assigned to review an eFAST video (control). End-of-year performance and self-reported confidence assessments used a 20-point objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and a 5-point Likert scale, respectively. The mean OSCE and confidence scores for control and intervention groups were compared using two-sample t tests and repeated after removing students exposed to additional US experiences.
Results: Of 113 eligible students, 103 students participated: 48 in the control group, 55 in the intervention group. The intervention group scored higher on the OSCE than the control group (11.9 ±4.6 vs 9.9 ±5.1, P=.04) and reported similar confidence (3.2 ±1.0 vs 2.8 ±1.2; P=.09). After removing the 28 students with additional US experiences, the intervention group scored higher (10.8 ± 4.4 vs 8.2 ± 4.0; P=.01) and reported higher confidence (3.0 ±1.0 vs. 2.3 ±1.0, P=.01).
Conclusions: Resident-taught eFAST instruction during emergency medicine clerkships led to improved end-of-year fourth-year medical student eFAST performance and confidence.
Achieving Desired Machinability in Turning Using The Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Biswas Sumana , Guin Rajdip , Das Santanu , Mondal Krishnendu , Mandal Bijoy
Published: October 2024

Machinability plays an important role in material working industries. A material with good machinability requires less force with improved tool life during machining to make a desired surface finish. However, improving productivity as well as finish often faces a big challenge to find appropriate machining conditions to achieve the same. Environment-friendliness is also to be considered. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method can play an important role to suggest suitable machining conditions in this respect. An experimental work is done on machinability study of hard AISI 4340 steel using different environment. Turning experiments are done using coated carbide inserts through small quantity lubrication (SQL) under different cutting velocity and feed. Dry, rice bran oil-based solution and alkaline solution are chosen to be the environmental conditions. Linder different machining conditions, types of chips, cutting force, surface roughness, etc. are noted. Based on the experimental data, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), an MCDM method, is used to find optimal machinability condition for rough and finish turning. The AHP results show that for rough turning, the optimal alternative would be with cutting velocity of 237mm/min, feed of 0.16mm/rev, depth of cut of 2mm under wet environment-friendly environment (2:13 rice bran oil and water+ 85g Matic surf in 4 litre). For finish turning, the optimal alternative corresponds to a cutting velocity of 140 mm/min, feed of 0.08 mm/rev, depth of cut of 2 mm under the same wet environment. These conditions may be recommended for use in industry.
Development of an eco-friendly mobile plant for car wash wastewater recovery
Authors: Sokolovic Dunja , Secerov-Sokolovic Radmila
Published: October 2024

The global increase in the number of vehicles has a negative impact on the
sustainable development due to the increased energy consumption, noise, and
air pollution, as well as the increased water consumption used for car wash.
The car wash is one of the main after-sale services in the automobile
sector. If car wash wastewater (CWW) could be reused, fresh water
customarily used in car washing could be preserved. To achieve this goal, it
is necessary to implement ?on-site? wastewater treatment systems (i.e. at
car wash stations). In this research, a novel pilot plant is developed for
?on site? treatment of CWW. This pilot plant presents combined methods. It
consists of three innovative modules: a multipurpose reactor (for
coagulation/flotation, aeration/oxidation), deep bed filter (for
filtration), and a two-stage bed coalescer (for coalescence filtration). In
all these units packing materials are very light (expanded polystyrene (EPS)
and polyurethane (PU)) and therefore energy consumption is significantly
low. The pilot plant has a simple and light construction, so that it can be
easily moved. It has shown very high COD reduction efficiency as well as
removal efficiencies of suspended solids, and oil/grease, thus exhibiting
high potentials for water recovery at car wash stations.
Brain Defense of Glycemia in Health and Diabetes
Authors: Mirzadeh Zaman , Faber Chelsea
Published: October 2024

The brain coordinates the homeostatic defense of multiple metabolic variables, including blood glucose levels, in the context of ever-changing external and internal environments. The biologically defended level of glycemia (BDLG) is the net result of brain modulation of insulin-dependent mechanisms in cooperation with the islet, and insulin-independent mechanisms through direct innervation and neuroendocrine control of glucose effector tissues. In this article, we highlight evidence from animal and human studies to develop a framework for the brain’s core homeostatic functions—sensory/afferent, integration/processing, and motor/efferent—that contribute to the normal BDLG in health and its elevation in diabetes.

Article Highlights
NMDA Receptors in POMC Neurons Connect Exercise With Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Portillo Bryan , Hwang Eunsang , Ajwani Jason , Grose Kyle , Lieu Linh , Wallace Briana , Kabahizi Anita , Elmquist Joel K. , Williams Kevin W.
Published: October 2024

Increased arcuate proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neuron activity improves glucose metabolism and reduces appetite, facilitating weight loss. We recently showed that arcuate POMC neurons are activated by exercise. However, the role of excitatory glutamatergic input in these neurons and the metabolic outcomes of exercise remains undefined. To investigate this, we developed a mouse model with NMDA receptors (NMDARs) selectively deleted from POMC neurons of adult mice. We performed metabolic assessments, including the monitoring of body weight, body composition analysis, and glucometabolic tolerance tests. We also examined the metabolic outcomes of these mice in response to exercise, including changes in arcuate POMC neuronal activity and insulin sensitivity. Loss of NMDARs in POMC neurons failed to alter body weight or body composition. Notably, however, we did observe a marked impairment in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Additionally, exercise resulted in activation of arcuate POMC neurons and a sustained improvement in insulin sensitivity, an effect that was abrogated in mice deficient for NMDARs in POMC neurons when compared with their respective sedentary controls. This underscores an important link among exercise, hypothalamic neuron function, and metabolic health. Moreover, this highlights an underappreciated role of hypothalamic POMC neurons in mediating beneficial effects of exercise on glucose metabolism.

Article Highlights
Direct formation of pure copper layer on aluminum nitride by multibeam laser deposition with blue diode lasers
Authors: Takenaka Keisuke , Tokumoto Jumpei , Kobayashi Koji , Osanai Hideyo , Toji Koji , Sato Yuji , Tsukamoto Masahiro
Published: October 2024

A demand of power module devices has been increasing for highly energy efficient social system. The insulated heat sink printed circuit board is the key component of power module devices, which is composed of copper and aluminum nitride (AlN) due to high thermal conductivity. The conventional method of the joining between copper and AlN is active metal brazing method, but there is an issue that the high heat treatment of this method generates thermal residual stress on the board and decrease the reliability. For that reason, the development of a direct bonding process between copper and AlN has been demanded. Therefore, we focused on the laser metal deposition (LMD) method, which is a selective heating and microfabrication process. The LMD method is a method in which a powder material is supplied to the processing point and irradiated with a laser to melt the powder and form layer on the surface of the substrate. Then, a blue diode laser with a wavelength of 450 nm, which has a high absorptivity of 60% for copper, is used as a heat source. In addition, the multibeam type LMD system has been installed for the uniform heating of powder. In this study, the laser power density, laser scanning speed, and powder feeding rate were changed to explore the conditions for forming a copper layer on the AlN substrate.
Traceology of metalwork - limitations and new perspectives
Authors: Nowak Kamil , Sych Dawid
Published: October 2024

The article focuses on the traceology of metalwork, its methodological limitations, and new research perspectives. In the text, we explain what studies on traces on metals entail and how they are characterized. We provide examples from both Poland and other regions of Europe. We highlight possible directions for the development of the method as well as factors that hinder it.
A superb axe-head of G-type flint from the vicinity of Bronocice as a reason to consider the production of macrolithic four-sided tools in the Eneolithic of Lesser Poland
Authors: Brzeska-Zastawna Agnieszka , Kufel-Diakowska Bernadeta , Zastawny Albert
Published: October 2024

This article presents the study of a unique artefact in the form of a very large trapezoidal axe-head with rectangular section from Słupów, Lesser Poland, against the background of Eneolithic phenomena occurring in the area. The specimen is in the collection of the Archaeological Museum in Kraków since 1929, but has not been discussed until now. It was made by local communities from flint of the G variety, a raw material exploited by Eneolithic groups in western Lesser Poland. The axe-head from Słupów is one of the largest flint axes to have been discovered on Polish lands. This find provokes a broader discussion of the role of local production of macrolithicfour-sided forms against a wider background.
Tracing the Past: Microwear Analysis of Stone and Shell Beads Unearthed in Early Neolithic Burials at Samborzec, Poland
Authors: Kurzawska Aldona , Sobkowiak-Tabaka Iwona , Mrozek-Wysocka Małgorzata , Oberc Tomasz
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a thorough analysis of ornaments discovered in two Neolithic burials at Samborzec Site 1, providing valuable insights into their origins and significance. The artefacts, retrieved over six decades ago in the burials of a woman and child, have undergone extensive examination, including raw material identification, microwear studies, and the analysis of red residues found on their surfaces. While most of the ornaments concerned were crafted from marble, two beads were identified as Spondylus shells. Chemical analysis of residues, primarily found on the marble ornaments, revealed the presence of cinnabar, a red pigment of foreign origin. The remarkable similarities in ornaments between the investigated burials strongly suggest the association of both with LBK communities. The presented studies offer valuable insights into their object biographies, from the acquisition of raw materials from distant regions through their manufacture, assembly, and prolonged use as personal items. In this context, our research emphasizes their belonging to a shared Neolithic tradition in Europe.
The Magdalenian site Kleszczowa 9, Pilica commune, Silesian voivodship (Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, Poland). Multi-aspectual analysis of the flint inventory and the importance of the site
Authors: Sudoł-Procyk Magdalena , Osipowicz Grzegorz , Baranowski Kacper
Published: October 2024

The site no. 9 in Kleszczowa is located within the region of the so-called Barańskie Mountains, within a distance of ca. 7 km from the locality named Pilica, Silesian voiv. In the course of the field survey and trial excavations conducted in the area of the site since 2012 relics of the Late Palaeolithic settlement were discovered. Based on technological and typological traits flint inventory obtained from the site was classified as typical of the Magdalenian cultural tradition.
Distinctive groups of artefacts were single-platform cores for blades with changed orientation, at various stages of exploitation and blade blanks with diagnostic en éperon butts. Amongst tools there were recorded mainly burins, endscrapers, perforators and truncated blades. Raw materials used for production of artefacts were, in great majority, high quality Jurassic flints, the outcrops of which occurred within direct surroundings of the site.
Flint assemblage from the site Kleszczowa 9 was subjected to multi-aspect technological and functional analysis. In this paper the authors would like to stress the results of use-wear analysis, in particular, which revealed that nearly half of the artefacts investigated in this respect bore traces of utilisation for processing of wood, meat and hide. On few of them there were detected traces indicating processing of silica plants and elaboration of soaked bone. Moreover, many forms bore traces of hafting and organic substance, being most likely relics of some sort of a binder. Apart from these traces the artefacts under scrutiny were characterised by an extremely high degree of post-depositional destruction, resulting from deep ploughing employed within the area of the site.
The results of analysis performed for flint assemblage from the site Kleszczowa 9 correspond well with the current state-of-the-art referring to utilisation of tools by the Magdalenian societies, and they undoubtedly extend our knowledge upon behaviour of humans at the decline of the Pleistocene in the region of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland.
Macrolithic retouched blades from Kałdus and Stare Marzy: foreign technology and new ideology in the lithic traditions of the TRB communities in the Lower Vistula region
Authors: Adamczak Kamil , Sudoł-Procyk Magdalena
Published: October 2024

At the turn of the 20th and 21st century, over a dozen macrolithic retouched blades or their fragments were obtained from archaeological sites at Kałdus and Stare Marzy, located in the Lower Vistula region in northern Poland. The context of deposition links the blades to the settlements of the younger Funnel Beaker culture (3650/3500–3300/3100 BC). This article presents and discusses the results of morphological, technological, and raw material investigations of the macrolithic retouched blades or their fragments from Kałdus and Stare Marzy and relates them to the patterns of use and cultural significance of the macrolithic industry in the local TRB communities. The obtained results show that the retouched blades were made of high-quality flint materials sourced from the Polish and Ukrainian Uplands, namely Świeciechów, Volhynian and Jurassic flints. The results, furthermore, indicate that production technology of macrolithic retouched blades is very specific and, what is more important, it is not rooted in the lithic traditions of the region. Archaeological evidence from this study suggests exceptional patterns of use of macrolithic retouched blades in the Lower Vistula region and their perception by local TRB people, which can be traced to the Eneolithic milieu located southeast of the Polish Lowlands.
Use-wear studies of the function of prehistoric wooden products, is it really possible? The example of pestles from sites in Šventoji, Lithuania
Authors: Osipowicz Grzegorz , Piličiauskas Gytis , Piličiauskienė Giedrė , Skrzyński Grzegorz
Published: October 2024

The article presents the preliminary results of the traceological analysis of the collection of wooden pestles obtained during excavations of the complex of subneolithic sites in Šventoji in Lithuania. During the studies, an attempt was made to assess the possibility of interpreting the functions of the analysed tools based on the (probably) functional damage visible on them and to verify the hypotheses about the way they were used put forward by the authors of the excavations. The primary goal of the reported research was an attempt to first (preliminary) assess the nature of damage occurring on wooden tools (in this case, pestles) as a result of their use, the possibility of analysing and interpreting these traces (also in the context of post-depositional changes and modifications resulting from the conservation process), and consequently (in general) the possibility of conducting functional analyses of wooden tools dating back to the Stone Age.
Cosmic Baby and the r-process Nucleosynthesis
Authors: Parui Ramen Kumar
Published: October 2024

Astrophysical origin of the rapid neutron capture process (i.e., r-process) remains a mystery. Among the known r-process sites radio-actively powered kilonova, produced by binary neutron star mergers, attracted the astronomers a promising source in the light of gravitational wave radiation. The first detected binary neutron star merger event GW170817 confirmed the existence of binary neutron star (BNS) in nature while its associated properties such as transient electro-magnetic emission in the form of x-rays, long and short gamma ray bursts (l, s GRBs), First Radio Bursts (FRBs) offer the astronomer to rethink about the origin of the r-process abundances in the light of Magnetars, created in both supernova explosion and also in neutron star merger, as a r-process contributor. Recently detected Cosmic Baby i.e. Swift J1818.0 – 1607 is a young magnetar of 240 years aged with super-strong magnetic fields ~ 8.9424 x 1017 G and ellipticity ~ 9 x 10-3. Due to its youngness among the 31 detected magnetars till today, it may provide x-ray lines emitted by the r-process abundances which makes it as an important promising source in the eyes of LOFT, NuSTAR detectors. This author proposes that this cosmic baby can be considered as a suitable astrophysical source decoding of its observed results may unravel the realistic situations of the magnetar at the time of merger, supernova explosion, etc. for generation of super heavy elements like Eu, Ti.
Cosmic Baby and the Mystery of Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Parui Ramen Kumar
Published: October 2024

With the discovery of “Pulsar” a new probe of short duration radio pulses arises to the astronomers. Searching the “tomography” of the galaxy using the short-pulses offered a new method to measure the fairly accurate distance to the new sources of pulse radiation i.e. Pulsars. Another pulse radiative object i.e. fast radio burst (FRB) remains a mysterious object till today. Analysis of observed data indicates that FRBs have multi-source origin, variation in location of the burst generation (i.e. radial distance from their central compact objects, the Magnetar’s surface) depending on model to model. Two most important puzzle creating facts of FRBs are: (a) microstructure appearance in FRBs on time-scale of ≤ 10 μs; (b) No FRBs observed at low latitudes. Recoding of observed parameters from Cosmic Baby, i.e. Swift J1818.0 – 1607, shows that it has a steep spectra at first and then flat spectra later which indicates possibly be a transient object between normal pulsars and magnetars. This unusual characteristic of radio spectrum provides a clue to rethink about the magnetar origin of FRBS. i.e. Cosmic Baby can be a probe of resolving the mangetar originated FRB problem. The author thus encourages the radio wave burst community for continuous observation through advanced radio telescopes ALMA, VLA, CHIME, UTMOST with a hope that detection of unseen FRBs at low latitudes unveil the secrets of the Universe.
Modelling of Charged Dark Energy Stars in a Tolman IV Spacetime
Authors: Malaver Manuel , R Iyer
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we obtained a new class of solutions for the Einstein-Maxwell field equations with a charged anisotropic matter distribution considering the dark energy equation of state r p = ωρ , where ω is the dark energy parameter, is the radial pressure and is the energy density. We have chosen a form for the metric potential proposed for Tolman (1939) known as Tolman IV type potential. We found that the physical properties as the radial pressure, the anisotropy, energy density, mass function are regular and well behaved in the stellar interior but the strong energy condition is violated. The models are consistent with the upper limit on the mass of compact stars for Her X-1, 4U1538-52 and SAXJ1808.4-3658.
The Promising Future of Lignin Depolymerization in Biomass Valorization: Rajdeep Deka
Authors: Deka Rajdeep
Published: October 2024

Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer besides cellulose in nature and accounts for a large fraction of biomass components in higher vascular plants, but this resource has been underutilized. Even though lignin, with its complex and highly heterogeneous structure, is difficult to extract from biomass and convert into valueadded compounds, large scale production of lignin-derived chemicals has the potential to promote a sustainable circular bioeconomy.
Crianças migrantes internacionais e o Português como Língua de Acolhimento
Authors: Poças Letícia Maria Gonçalves , Tonelli Juliana Reichert Assunção , Selbach Helena Vitalina
Published: October 2024

Com a onda migratória dos últimos anos no Brasil, as escolas, em sua maioria, públicas, passaram a receber grande número de crianças migrantes internacionais cuja língua de nascimento não é a Língua Portuguesa (LP). Nesse sentido, discute-se o papel da aprendizagem do Português como Língua de Acolhimento (PLAc) com vistas a promover a integração desses estudantes nas salas de aulas e na sociedade. Diante desse cenário, este trabalho propõe balizas para a construção de Unidades Didáticas e apresenta exemplares de unidades temáticas embasadas em uma perspectiva multicultural organizadas a partir de duas histórias infantis - “The Name Jar” (CHOI, 2001) e “O Pato Poliglota” (COELHO, 1985) - para crianças de diferentes faixas etárias de uma escola da rede municipal de ensino de Londrina/PR. Realizou-se também entrevista com uma docente que atua naquele contexto como forma de contemplar as necessidades vivenciadas em sala de aula no material elaborado. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa de natureza propositiva sobre conceitos de PLAc, uso da literatura infantil como eixo organizador de unidades temáticas e noções de multiculturalidade e plurilinguismo em atividades didáticas. Os resultados indicam a presença de marcas de acolhimento por meio da LP nas unidades temáticas elaboradas a partir da escuta sensível das realidades da sala de aula e de uma perspectiva multicultural que integra língua e cultura, a fim de promover a emancipação das crianças migrantes internacionais enquanto sujeitos de direitos, incluindo os linguísticos.
Capacity and current use of the Formoso river watershed, bonito municipality, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: conflicts and land use recommendations
Authors: Medeiros Rafael Brugnolli , Silva da Charlei Aparecido
Published: October 2024

The lack of planning and feasibility of controlling actions over land use and land cover lead to relationship problems between the support capacity that environmental systems present and their current use. The goal of this study is to figure out how much land can be used based on its natural and physical features and to find problems that come up because of the heavy use in the Formoso River watershed. It is one of the most recognized Brazilian watersheds, due to its turistic, karst, and environmental characteristics. The methodology consists in handling and generating data in a GIS environment by performing a synthesis map, as well as adopting geoprocessing criteria and techniques in the field to validate the collected data. The results indicate that the watershed presents large areas without conflicts due to its numerous conservation units. However, major conflicts are identified in other areas, affecting the balance and dynamics of the landscape and its water resources. Such conflicts arise because soybean crops advance in fragile and karst areas. The highest concentration of confit is only 1.61%, particularly near the Formoso River marsh. Therefore, the present work considers a methodology that assesses the capacity of use through a method that has produced a summary document that is applicable and compatible with the karst system.
Efforts Implemented for Developing Health Management Workforce in the Asia Pacific: A scoping review
Authors: Pokhrel Priyanka , Liang A/Professor Zhanming , Taylor Dr Judy
Published: October 2024

Background and objective: A strong and effective health management workforce (HMW) is essential to underpin the comprehensive health care services provided by health care organizations. The fast-growing nature of healthcare systems suggests the required competencies for HMW continue to evolve. The objective of this scoping review is to identify and confirm the key strategies that have been used in developing the health management workforce in the Asia Pacific region.
Materials and Methods: A scoping review of the literature was conducted between May and August 2022 using the following databases: Medline, Ovid Emcare, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science, to retrieve original research articles demonstrating development efforts for HMW in the Asia Pacific regions. The review was guided by the PRISMA-ScR (2018) checklist [23].
Results: The scoping review identified four different development strategies for HMW in Asia Pacific region: i) Organisational informal professional development programs, ii) Competency assessment and identification of gaps in knowledge and skills of HMW, iii) Confirming competencies and developing competency framework and iv) Formal education and training. Among these four development strategies, organisational informal professional development programs and competency assessment and the identification of gaps in knowledge and skills of HMW were the main strategies implemented for HMW in the Asia Pacific region. 
Conclusion: The review concluded that the existing development strategies and efforts for HMW are not evenly implemented within the Asia Pacific region. Political will and policy direction are important and plays a vital role in the competency development of HMW. It is also critical to provide multilevel commitment from system and organisational level together with identifying and addressing the bottlenecks in the development strategies by considering organisation types, management levels and positions, practical training methods, motivation of participants, and other contextual factors.
Zihinsel Engelliliklerin Kapsayici İstihdamina Yönelik Bağlamsal Algilanan İhtiyaçlar
Authors: Sousa Carla , Pereira Júlia , Casimiro Cátia , Tsvetkova Paulina
Published: October 2024

Bu uluslararası çalışma, ZYOB lerin istihdam edilebilirliğini İtalya, Portekiz, İsveç ve Türkiye’deki profesyonellerin bakış açısından araştırıyor. Çevrimiçi bir anket aracılığıyla 43 profesyonelle anket yapılan araştırma, ZYOB lere yönelik istihdam ortamlarında eğitim ihtiyaçlarını, makul düzenlemelerin önemini ve değerlendirme çerçevelerini inceliyor . Temel bulgular, sosyal becerilerin ve kişilerarası iletişimin kritik rolünü vurguluyor ve odak noktası ülkeler arasında farklılık gösteriyor – Türkiye sosyal becerilere vurgu yaparken, İsveç problem çözme becerilerine öncelik verirken , İtalya uyum sağlama ve kişisel bakım becerilerine değer veriyor. Sonuçlar, özellikle Portekiz, İtalya ve İsveç’te özelleştirilmiş eğitim stratejilerini ve kişisel öğrenme planlarının gerekliliğini savunmaktadır. Kapsayıcı çalışma ve öğrenme ortamlarını teşvik etmek için yardımcı teknolojilerin kullanımının arttırılması çağrısıyla birlikte, işveren farkındalığının sınırlı olması nedeniyle işyeri düzenlemelerindeki zorluklara da dikkat çekiliyor. Çalışma, ZYOB lerin istihdam edilebilirliğini artırmak için özel eğitim ve öğretim ihtiyacının altını çiziyor.
The revenge as a motive for becoming and committing domestic violence
Authors: Zinsu O.I.
Published: October 2024

The presented research results provide a theoretical generalization of the phenomenon of revenge, its nature and qualitative characteristics. Taking into account the multifaceted nature of the phenomenon of revenge and the mutual influence of various cultural matrices, the author considered the voiced phenomenon through the prism of domestic violence.The topicality of the topic is due to insufficient scientific development of the motivational function of revenge in the formation and deployment of domestic violence. The purpose of the research involved the formation of theoretical aspects regarding revenge as a socio- legal phenomenon and as a motive for committing domestic violence. In the course of the conducted research, the state of scientific development of the problems of the phenomenon of revenge, forgiveness and domestic violence is highlighted. It has been established that revenge is based on the desire or obligation to punish the offender for an insult, injury, damage, or evil. It is emphasized that revenge is a deliberate, purposeful act, which is produced as a response (reaction) to an insult received, a violation of rights, interests, and is associated with the desire of people to satisfy the need to repay the offender for the insult caused.
The author’s vision of revenge is formulated as a deliberate purposeful punishment in the sense of retribution, which is implemented both by legitimate legal institutions and informal methods, methods in an open or closed form: intentional harm for the purpose of revenge, poisoning, intentional beatings, murder, torture, intentional bodily harm and other criminal acts motivated by revenge. It is substantiated that the learned narratives, value orientations, level, degree, form of inflicted pain, evil, opportunity, ability and readiness in combination with the co-dependence of the participants of domestic violence emphasize the multi-vector nature of revenge, which, in turn, allows the researcher to come to a conclusion about the dualistic nature of the voiced phenomenon when formation and perpetration of domestic violence.The conclusions and proposals formulated in the scientific article can be used in: - the scientific research field - for further scientific research in the field of prevention and countermeasures against domestic violence; - the applicable field of law - as recommendations for improving the procedural activity of pre­trial investigation bodies; - the educational process - for the preparation of lectures on the disciplines «Criminal Law», «Criminology», «Legal Psychology», «Preventive Psychology», «Prevention, Counteraction to Domestic Violence».
We see the prospect of further investigations in the legal-psychological analysis of the emotional- cognitive, behavioral (conative) components of jealousy and revenge through the prism of the socio-cultural discourse « domestic violence».
Peculiarities of the legislative model of the criminal law prohibition of smuggling
Authors: Popovych O. , Tomash L.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the legislative model of criminal prohibition of smuggling. It is stated that the emergence of new and modernization of existing methods of smuggling is due to the correlation of the State’s customs policy in connection with the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation and the introduction of the legal regime of martial law.
The purpose of this article is to provide a systematic analysis of the amendments and additions made to Section VII of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in terms of criminalization of smuggling, to determine their effectiveness and expediency, and to formulate scientifically sound recommendations for improving criminal law regulation of social relations related to smuggling. The author establishes that the main factors which influenced the process of recriminalization of commodity smuggling are: an increase in the number of manifestations of smuggling of goods and their unreliable declaration; a decrease in revenues to the State Budget of Ukraine; stimulation of unfair competition; entry of products of inadequate quality into the domestic market; an increase in the shadow economy in the public sector; criminalization of smuggling of goods in certain EU countries; ineffective application of administrative liability measures. The author analyzes the need to strengthen criminal liability for commodity smuggling at the level of the European Union as a whole. The author elucidates the approaches available in the criminal law doctrine to solving the problems associated with the introduction of criminal liability for commodity smuggling. It is substantiated that in case of any change in the system of current criminal legislation, it is necessary to justify this type of rulemaking, i.e. to assess the admissibility and appropriateness of a criminal law novelty. The author emphasizes that it is inexpedient to distinguish criminal law provisions on smuggling by the type of subject matter. The author concludes that the model of criminal legal prohibition of smuggling chosen by the legislator determines the differentiation of criminal liability, and at the same time is a manifestation of the shortcomings of legislative technique, since it gives rise to the emergence of legislative models of smuggling with different objects of criminal legal protection.
Circumstances to be established during the investigation of illegal employment in fish, game or other water extractive fishing
Authors: Kutsiy V.V.
Published: October 2024

The scientific article reveals the issue of identifying and characterizing the circumstances to be established during the investigation of illegal employment in fish, game or other water extractive fishing. As a result of thorough research and analysis of publications by criminologists and proceduralists, it was found that at the current stage of development, the specified issue remains insufficiently researched. Distinguished positions of scientists who determine that the development of separate methods of investigation of criminal offenses should begin with the definition of the range of tasks and circumstances to be established.
As a result of the analysis of forensic scientists and generally recognized circumstances to be established, it has been proven that the circumstances that need to be clarified in the course of detected illegal actions related to illegal water extractive fishing should include: the event of illegal water extractive fishing in terms of the presence of forensically significant signs of an offense under Art. 249 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (time, place, circumstances of preparation, commission, concealment; tools, means and method of use; identity of the criminal, motives and purpose), as a priority, since a timely and objective assessment of the analyzed situation allows prompt and correct adoption of relevant organizational decisions regarding the initiation of a pre-trial investigation, which will positively affect the next stage; culpability in committing a criminal offense, form of guilt, motive and purpose of committing a criminal offense (the main thing is whether the signs of the committed act fall under the legal prohibitions of fishing; what exact requirements were violated when fishing was carried out); the type and amount of significant damage caused as a result of illegal fishing; the amount of material damage caused to the environment by an illegal act; identification of witnesses to the event, as well as circumstances that affect the severity of the committed criminal offense (presence of accomplices, group nature, mass fishing, etc.).
Clarification of the circumstances highlighted in the scientific article contributes to the proper further organization of the investigation of illegal employment in fish, game or other water extractive fishing.
Legal consequences of the statement of provocation by the defense party: scientific and practical aspects
Authors: Shulgin S.
Published: October 2024

The article examines the legal consequences of the defense’s declaration of provocation of a crime. Based on the analysis of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights and the Supreme Court, the opinion was formulated that the declaration of the commission of a crime as a result of provocation by the defense gives rise to the corresponding obligations for the defense and the prosecution, as well as the court.
It was analyzed that as a result of the influence of the precedent practice of the European Court of Human Rights, the practice of the Supreme Court began to form regarding the position of the defense on provocation of a crime, according to which the contradiction of the position of the defense, i.e. when the applicant denies the fact that he committed a crime and at the same time declares that he was provoked to commit it, is the basis for the court’s refusal to verify such an application, citing the relevant reasons in the decision.
Based on the study of the principle of adversariality of the parties in criminal proceedings, the thesis that it is the defense party that is obliged to prove the presence of provocation, to indicate which facts and circumstances confirm this with reference to specific evidence examined at the court hearing, is substantiated.
In turn, the prosecutor, supporting public accusations, except for the circumstances specified in Art. 91 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, guided by the standard of proof «beyond a reasonable doubt», is obliged to prove the absence of provocation of the crime. Failure to prove «beyond a reasonable doubt» the absence of provocation is equivalent to proving its presence and causes legal consequences in the form of an acquittal by the court.
It has been proven that when one of the arguments of the defense side was the presence of provocation of a crime, the court is obliged to properly evaluate both the arguments of the defense side and the arguments of the prosecution regarding the presence or absence of such provocation.
According to the results of the analysis of the decisions of the Supreme Court in which the lower courts did not evaluate the arguments of the defense about provocation, or formally evaluated them formally, it was concluded that this is a significant violation of the requirements of the Criminal Procedure Code, which prevented or could have prevented the court from adopting a legal and justified court decision.
International tourist organizations: legal status, classification, significance
Authors: Bezsmertniuk T.P.
Published: October 2024

The constant growth of international tourism exchange has led to the need for its legal regulation at the international level and the establishment of various international tourism organizations. The relevance of the study is due to the growing role of international organizations in the development of cooperation in the field of tourism. The study aims to determine the specific features of the functioning of international tourism organizations as subjects of international tourism law. To conduct an objective study, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis; deduction and induction; structural and logical generalization; and systematization.
The article identifies the specific features and peculiarities of international tourism organizations. It is established that international organizations play an important role in the formation and application of international law, both in the process of its formation and in its implementation. International tourism organizations are formed through voluntary accession and participation of tourism sector representatives from different countries, operate continuously by the adopted charters, and have already proven to be an important instrument of international cooperation. The author defines the legal status of international tourism organizations. The author establishes that the most common international tourism structure is an association that brings together national organizations, tourism industry enterprises, and individuals voluntarily to solve specific tasks in the field of tourism.
Approaches to the classification of international tourism organizations are generalized. The classification of international tourism organizations by types of activity, spheres of activity, national­territorial basis, and socio-state basis is considered. International tourism organizations are usually divided into the following main groups: global of a general nature; regional of a general nature; regional of a sectoral nature; specialized; and special.
The article examines the role of leading international tourism organizations in developing tourism. The United Nations has recognized the leading role of the World Tourism Organization in the field of tourism and travel, assigning it the key responsibility for promoting responsible, sustainable, and accessible tourism, designed to foster economic growth, international understanding, peace, and prosperity, as well as mutual respect and unconditional observance of civil rights and fundamental freedoms.