bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NT - DIRUR 21 - Oito Meses de Pandemia no Brasil: Medidas Para o Enfrentamento Federativo e Perspectivas Com as Vacinas
Authors: Pêgo Bolívar , Moura Rosa , Krüger Caroline , Ferreira Gustavo , Nagamine Líria , Nunes Maria , Moreira Paula
Published: May 2021

A equipe Fronteiras do Ipea vem acompanhando a evolução dos casos e óbitos da pandemia do novo coronavírus, juntamente com as ações e medidas assumidas pelo poder público nas faixas de fronteira terrestre e litorânea brasileiras. A Nota Técnica (NT) no 16/2020 discorreu sobre os meses iniciais, fechando o período de análise em 15 de abril de 2020. A presente análise desdobra-se em duas NTs: esta, que aborda as medidas para o enfrentamento da pandemia pelas esferas da Federação e as perspectivas que despontam com as vacinas; e uma segunda NT, que coloca em foco a evolução da pandemia nas faixas de fronteira e nos demais municípios brasileiros, com ênfase na fronteira terrestre. Em ambas, o objetivo é continuar as análises realizadas, buscando-se avaliar os principais desafios e conflitos nos municípios brasileiros, particularmente os das faixas de fronteira terrestre e litorânea, em função deste advento, após oito meses de trajetória da pandemia no Brasil.

Nesta NT, a abordagem se voltará ao período que compreende desde os primeiros casos e óbitos no país até 30 de novembro de 2020. Terá como objetivo retomar algumas hipóteses levantadas na NT no 16/2020 (Pêgo et al., 2020), elaborada com base em informações até 15 de abril de 2020, e avançar na prospecção de tendências. Encontra-se organizada em cinco seções, sendo a primeira esta introdução. Na segunda seção, será atualizada a análise das medidas e decisões das esferas de governo, federal e estaduais, no enfrentamento à Covid-19 e das medidas econômicas dos estados, segundo grandes regiões, culminando com os números sobre a evolução dos óbitos nas Unidades da Federação (UF). A terceira seção está dedicada à vulnerabilidade socioespacial e ao direito à moradia durante a pandemia, com ênfase nas precárias condições de enfrentamento em regiões carentes das periferias metropolitanas. Na quarta seção, a análise se volta ao enfrentamento da Covid-19 por meio do desenvolvimento de vacinas e de agentes terapêuticos, abordando sucintamente as reincidências pandêmicas. Na quinta e última seção, estarão as considerações finais.
TEM Analyses of Unusual Presolar Silicon Carbide: Insights into the Range of Circumstellar Dust Condensation Conditions
Authors: Singerling S. A. , Liu N. , Nittler L. R. , O’D. Alexander C. M. , Stroud R. M.
Published: May 2021

Presolar silicon carbide (SiC) grains in meteoritic samples can help constrain circumstellar condensation processes and conditions in C-rich stars and core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). This study presents our findings on eight presolar SiC grains from asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars (four mainstream and one Y grain) and CCSNe (three X grains), chosen on the basis of μ-Raman spectral features that were indicative of their having unusual non-3C polytypes and/or high degrees of crystal disorder. Analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which provides elemental compositional and structural information, shows evidence for complex histories for the grains. Our TEM results confirm the presence of non-3C,2H crystal domains. Minor-element heterogeneities and/or subgrains were observed in all grains analyzed for their compositions. The C/O ratios inferred for the parent stars varied from 0.98 to ≥1.03. Our data show that SiC condensation can occur under a wide range of conditions, in which environmental factors other than temperature (e.g., pressure, gas composition, heterogeneous nucleation on precondensed phases) play a significant role. Based on previous μ-Raman studies, ∼10% of SiC grains may have infrared (IR) spectral features that are influenced by crystal defects, porosity, and/or subgrains. Future sub-diffraction-limited IR measurements of complex SiC grains might shed further light on the relative contributions of each of these features to the shape and position of the characteristic IR 11 μm SiC feature and thus improve the interpretation of IR spectra of AGB stars like those that produced the presolar SiC grains.
The Thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect from Massive, Quiescent 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 1.5 Galaxies
Authors: Meinke Jeremy , Böckmann Kathrin , Cohen Seth , Mauskopf Philip , Scannapieco Evan , Sarmento Richard , Lunde Emily , Cottle J’Neil
Published: May 2021

We use combined South Pole Telescope (SPT)+Planck temperature maps to analyze the circumgalactic medium (CGM) encompassing 138,235 massive, quiescent 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 1.5 galaxies selected from data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Images centered on these galaxies were cut from the 1.85 arcmin resolution maps with frequency bands at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. The images were stacked, filtered, and fit with a graybody dust model to isolate the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (tSZ) signal, which is proportional to the total energy contained in the CGM of the galaxies. We separated these M
⋆ = 1010.9
M
⊙–1012
M
⊙ galaxies into 0.1 dex stellar mass bins, detecting tSZ per bin up to 5.6σ and a total signal-to-noise ratio of 10.1σ. We also detect dust with an overall signal-to-noise ratio of 9.8σ, which overwhelms the tSZ at 150 GHz more than in other lower-redshift studies. We corrected for the 0.16 dex uncertainty in the stellar mass measurements by parameter fitting for an unconvolved power-law energy-mass relation,

E

therm

=

E

therm
,
peak

M

⋆

/

M

⋆
,
peak

α

, with the peak stellar mass distribution of our selected galaxies defined as M
⋆,peak = 2.3 × 1011
M
⊙. This yields an

E

therm
,
peak

=

5.98

−
1.00

+
1.02

×

10

60

erg and

α
=

3.77

−
0.74

+
0.60

. These are consistent with z ≈ 0 observations and within the limits of moderate models of active galactic nucleus feedback. We also computed the radial profile of our full sample, which is similar to that recently measured at lower-redshift by Schaan et al.
Do All Long-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts Emit GeV Photons?
Authors: Wang Yu
Published: May 2021

GRB 190114C extends the focus of gamma-ray burst (GRB) research to the high-energy regime, in which a prime question is “Do all long-duration GRBs emit GeV photons?” Based on the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) 10 yr observations, 54 GRBs initially within the Fermi-LAT field of view and with known redshift are sampled. Within 26 of these GRBs at least one GeV photon has been detected with a probability of >95%, while the other 28 GRBs have no confident GeV photon detection. We hypothesize that all the samples intrinsically emit GeV photons, and the lack of detection is due to the limited capacity of the satellite. We estimate the theoretical number of photons that LAT receives by considering the GRB energy, the distance, and the LAT effective area. Results show, within the uncertainty, that all 26 GRBs with GeV photon detection have a theoretical photon number of >1, and 27 out of 28 GRBs without GeV photon detection have a theoretical photon number of <1. This agreement tends to support our hypothesis and give an answer of “yes” to our initial question.
A study on the effects of the fractal characteristics of aggregates on the mechanical behavior of cemented sand and gravel
Authors: Guo L. , Li S. , Zhong L. , Guo L. , Wang L. , Zhang F. , Zhang Y. , Wang M.
Published: May 2021

Owing to complex aspects of cemented sand and gravel (CSG), such as included unscreened aggregates, CSG properties differ from those of ordinary concrete. Fractal theory is introduced to study the effects of aggregate characteristics on CSG properties, quantifying aggregate gradation and shape. Numerical simulation and analyses show that: (1) improved aggregate gradation decreases the gradation fractal dimension and increases the CSG peak stress and elastic modulus; (2) more irregularly shaped aggregates increase the shape fractal dimension and decrease the CSG peak stress and elastic modulus; (3) the relationship quantified between aggregate characteristics and CSG mechanical properties provides a theoretical basis for aggregate allocation in engineering design and construction. Mixing artificial aggregates can improve aggregate gradation but reduces CSG performance. Appropriately blending artificial and on-site aggregates achieves optimal CSG performance; in this study, this is attained using 20% artificial aggregates added under standard gradation.
Finite Element Simulation Analysis on Residual Stress Relief of 7075 Aluminum Alloy Ring
Authors: Wu Shao Feng , Gao Xiang Sheng , Zhang Xian Rang , Gao Han Jun
Published: May 2021

Vibration stress relief (VSR) and thermal stress relief (TSR) are important method to eliminate the residual stress of structural parts. The thermal vibratory stress relief (TVSR) is a new method to decrease and homogenize the residual stress. Based on the stress relaxation tests and the equivalent vibration equation of modal analysis, the creep constitutive model and the bilinear isotropic hardening plasticity material model (BISO) are combined to establish the numerical simulation model of TVSR of 7075 aluminum alloy ring part. The simulation results show that four different initial blank residual stress levels are obtained after quenching process, and the residual stress elimination and homogenization effect of TSR and TVSR is better than that of VSR. TVSR has a better effect on both residual stress elimination and homogenization, and the residual stress relief rate can reach more than 20%.
Law and Fracture Characteristics of Stress Corrosion Cracking for 7B04 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Yu Yan Yan , Song Ti Jie , Lu Zeng Wei
Published: May 2021

Two states of aluminum alloy material 7B04 T651 and 7B04 T74 using C-ring specimen were selected to carry out stress corrosion simulation test with different stress levels, corrosion concentrations and time, and the fracture morphology of the crack was observed and analyzed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that 7B04-T74 alloy was insensitive to stress corrosion and was not prone to stress corrosion cracking under constant tensile stress lower than 432MPa; The stress corrosion cracking time of 7B04 T651 alloy under three different concentrations has no significant difference, and the stress corrosion cracking occurs within 7 days under the stress of 180MPa-432MPa. The time of stress corrosion cracking increased with the decrease of stress. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was very sensitive to Cl element, and it was also easy to produce SCC when the concentration of corrosive medium was low, the threshold value of corrosion cracking was about 108 MPa. SEM and EDS analysis showed that the fracture surface was intergranular, mud-like corrosion products, and secondary cracks. At the same time, the matrix grain boundaries were weakened by Cl element.
Effect of Solid Solution Treatment on Corrosion Resistance of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy
Authors: Cui Zhen Hua , Liu Xiao Yan , Wang Yan Qin , Yang Hong Ru , Cui Zhen Jie , Anvarifard Mohammad K.
Published: May 2021

In this experiment, Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy was used as material and solution temperature was used as variable to investigate its effect on the corrosion properties of the alloy and Hardness test, metallographic observation, electrochemical test, intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion test were carried out on three groups of samples. The results show that the intergranular corrosion resistance of the alloy decreases with the increase of solution treatment temperature, and the sample treated at 505 °C has the best performance. This is mainly because grain boundary structure plays a role in increasing PFZ and expanding corrosion channels. The exfoliation corrosion resistance of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy increases first and then decreases, and the sample treated at 515 °C has the best performance. This is due to the dual effects of grain boundary structure and grain morphology. On the one hand, the solution treatment temperature increases, which widens the precipitation-free zone and reduces the electrochemical corrosion resistance of the alloy. On the other hand, the increase of recrystallized grains decreases the cohesion of corrosion products and enhances the electrochemical corrosion resistance of the alloy.
Corrosion Inhibition of Brass by Biochemical Process in Circulating Cooling Water System
Authors: Yang Yan , Gu Qi Yuan , Yuan Xue Tao
Published: May 2021

Controlling the corrosion rate of metal materials is one of the key issues in circulating cooling water treatment. In recent years, the treatment of circulating cooling water by microorganisms has become a research hotspot. Compared with the traditional chemical treatment, microbial treatment is an environmentally friendly technology. In this paper, the effects of ammonia nitrogen concentration, microbial dosage and aeration intensity on copper corrosion rate were studied. In order to analyze the experimental data more comprehensively, a full factor experimental design was used to investigate the effects of ammonia nitrogen concentration, microbial dosage and aeration intensity on copper corrosion. The corrosion rate of copper was less than the national standard (< 0.005 mm / a), in which ammonia nitrogen concentration and aeration intensity were significant factors (P < 0.05), and the interaction between ammonia nitrogen concentration and aeration intensity was also significant (P < 0.05), After optimization, the regression rate of the model increased from 85.02% to 92.41%.
Laser Ablation in Liquid Synthesis and Optical Temperature Sensing of YGdO3:Er3+ Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Zhen , Wang Rui Xue , Chen Di Hu
Published: May 2021

YGdO3:Er3+ nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquid method. The structural and morphological properties of the product are investigated by X-Ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The upconversion photoluminescence properties were investigated in detail. Obvious stark splitting phenomena were observed in the green and red emission bands. The decay behaviors of three emission bands were studied. Based on thermal coupled energy level related upconversion fluorescence intensity ratio, the temperature sensing properties of product were studied. Linear function has beenused to reveal the relationship between fluorescence intensity ratio and temperature. Using stark sublevels related emission bands, sensitivity of the temperature sensor was successfully enhanced. These results suggest the YGdO3:Er3+ nanoparticles prepared via pulsed laser ablation in liquid are promising luminescent materials for optical thermometry.
Tourism as a Pathway to Rural Livelihood Diversification: A Study of Mognori Ecovillage in the Savannah Region of Ghana
Authors: Kuuder Conrad-J. Wuleka
Published: May 2021

As a means of mitigating the effects of restrictions arising from the creation of the Mole National Park, a tourism intervention was  introduced in Mognori, a village on one of the fringes of the famed park.This study assesses the Mognori Ecovillage Project especially in terms of its anticipated role in diversifying livelihoods. Qualitative research approaches were employed. Instruments such as In-depthInterview schedules were used to elicit information from household heads while focus group discussions (FGD) were used to elicit data from homestay operators and cultural dance troupes. Tourism was found to play an important diversification role in the sense that it provided both full-time and alternative means of income for some residents especially in the dry season. Tourism has become the “life wire” of some locales and the community needs to take steps to attract more tourists and provide a richer but engaging itinerary through improving cultural tourism resources such as the introduction of products like farm tourism and angling in the Mognori River. It is recommended that the homestay providers be trained in visitor reception skills including basic communication in Enghish language to enhance the experience of visitors.

Keywords: Mognori Ecovillage, homestay, livelihood diversification, stipends, canoe safari
Livelihood Diversification Among Indigenous Peri-Urban Women in the Wa Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Abdulai Ibrahim Abu , Derbile Emmanuel Kanchebe , Fuseini Moses Naiim
Published: May 2021

Studies on peri-urban development have not paid enough attention to the strategies and dynamics of diversifying livelihoods among  indigenous women in the Global South. This paper explores the dynamics of livelihood diversification strategies among indigenous women in response to peri-urban development in Wa, Ghana. The mixed-methods design guided the study, while the sample consisted 399 respondents selected from a sample frame of 1494 women. Data analyses involved descriptive statistics, non-parametric and thematic analyses. The study found that peri-urban development had led to the loss of access to farmland among indigenous women. In response, women have resorted to switching from farm-based to non-farm-based livelihoods amidst multiple production challenges.There is, therefore, the need to support the sustainability of women’s livelihoods through the Municipal Assembly and, in particular, through policy interventions such as support for skills training and financial support to enable indigenous people to make a sustainable living.

Keywords: Diversification, Ghana, Livelihoods, Peri-Urbanization, Women
Effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 on diabetic retinopathy and its mechanism of action
Authors: Sun Zaohe , Wan Guangming , Liang Shenzhi , Qian Cheng
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on human retinal vascular endothelial cells (RECs) and human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) cultured in high glucose (HG) in vitro, and the underlying mechanism.

Methods: Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to determine cell proliferation while Western blot was used to assay the expressions of extracellular matrix and angiogenesis-related factors, Expressions of cytokines and chemokines were assessed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Changes in Smad, ERK, JNK and p38MAPK signal pathway were measured by transfection and interference.

Results: The level of expression of BMP-2 in HG group was higher than that in normal glucose (NG) culture group. The expressions of angiogenesis-related factors i.e. vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1), pro-inflammatory factors i.e. IL-6 and chemokine monocyte chemokine protein-1 (MCP1), increased significantly in HG group compared to NG and HG + BMP-2 groups. Phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and activation of ERK, JNK and p38MAPK signaling pathways were enhanced by BMP-2.

Conclusion: These results suggest that BMP-2 promotes angiogenesis and enhances the expressions of inflammatory cytokines via Smad signaling pathway.
Medication errors in a health care facility in southern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshahrani Sultan M. , Alakhali Khaled M. , Al-Worafi Yaser Mohammed
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To identify medication errors at Aseer Central Hospital (ACH, Abha) in the southern province of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted by reviewing adult patients’ records (> 15 years old) at ACH’s inpatient and outpatients settings over an 8-week period in October and November 2015.

Results: We identified 113 medication errors, including 112 prescribing errors and 1 dispensing error. Most medication errors (91.2 %) in this study were for inpatient prescriptions. The most common prescribing error was medication duplication (31.2 %) followed by missing patient identifying information (25 %).

Conclusion: Medication errors, mainly in inpatient prescriptions, have been fully identified at ACH. Educational interventions such as workshops could help minimize and prevent medication errors.
Boeravinone B promotes fracture healing in ovariectomyinduced osteoporotic rats via the regulation of NF-κB p65/IκB-α/SIRT-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Jianlin , Zong Longze , Bai Dongyu
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To investigate the fracture-healing effect of boeravinone B in ovariectomy-induced (OVX) osteoporotic rats.

Methods: Adult female Wistar rats (n = 30) were ovariectomized and after three months, the unilateral cross-tibial fractures were fixed with intramedullary nails. The rats were then randomly assigned to three groups of 10 rats each: normal control group, OVX group and 100 mg/kg body weight boeravinone B group. Boeravinone B was orally administered for a period of 5 weeks. The effect of boeravinone B on indices of bone formation and resorption was assessed. Levels of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blotting was used to determine the expression levels of NF-κB p65, IкB-α and SIRT1 proteins.

Results: There were significant increases in the activities of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and collagen type I fragment (CTX) level and serum osteocalcin (OC) of OVX group, when compared with normal control group (p < 0.05). However, treatment with boeravinone B significantly reduced the activities and levels of these parameters, relative to OVX group (p < 0.05). The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β significantly increased in OVX group, relative normal control group, but were significantly lower following treatment with boeravinone B (p < 0.05). Bone mineral content (BMC) was not significantly altered in OVX and boeravinone B-treated groups, when compared with normal control group (p > 0.05). There was significant reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) of OVX group relative to normal control group (p < 0.05). However, treatment with boeravinone B significantly increased the BMD, when compared with OVX group (p < 0.05). After Week 5 of treatment, boeravinone B significantly enhanced bone remodeling and formation of callus. Treatment with boeravinone B significantly reduced the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and IκB-α proteins, and significantly upregulated the expression of SIRT-1 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The results obtained in this study suggest that boeravinone B promotes the healing of fracture caused by osteoporosis via a mechanism involving NF-κB p65/IκB-α/SIRT-1 signaling pathway.
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Akılcı İlaç Kullanımına Yönelik Farkındalıkları İle Sağlık Algılarının İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZ YILDIRIM Özge , KORKMAZ Mehmet , AYDIN AVCI İlknur
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, hemşirelik bölümünde öğrenim gören lisans öğrencilerinin akılcı ilaç kullanımına yönelik farkındalıkları ile sağlık algılarının incelenmesidir.Yöntem: Bu çalışma tanımlayıcı araştırma modeline göre 2019 yılında çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 361 hemşirelik öğrencisi ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen sosyo-demografik özellikleri ve akılcı ilaç kullanımını içeren 24 sorudan oluşan soru formu ve 15 sorudan oluşan “Sağlık Algısı Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, independent-t, mann whitney u ve ki-kare testi kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir.Bulgular: Hemşirelik öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 20.66±2.10(min 18, max 37)’dur. Öğrencilerin %66.5’i hekimin verdiği ilacı hekim tavsiyesine göre kullanmakta, %64.2’si artan ilacı buzdolabında saklamakta, %64.9’u ilaç dışı tedavi olarak bitkisel tedavi kullanmaktadır. Öğrencilerin %58.3’ü akılcı ilaç kullanımına yönelik bilgi sahibidir. Spor yapmayan, ilaç prospektüsünü okumayan, ilacı zamanında almayan öğrencilerin sağlık algılarının daha yüksek olduğu ve aralarındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.05)Sonuç: Bu çalışmada hemşirelik öğrencilerinin akılcı ilaç kullanımına yönelik farkındalıklarının iyi düzeyde ve sağlık algılarının ise orta düzeyde olduğu bulunmuştur. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin akılcı ilaç kullanımına yönelik farkındalıklarının geliştirilmesi için bilgilendirici etkinliklerin düzenlenmesi oldukça önemlidir.
Omuz Problemlerinde Mulligan Mobilizasyon Yönteminin Etkinliği
Authors: YEŞİL Ümit , ALKAN Emrullah , GELECEK Nihal
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Ağrı ve hareket kısıtlılığı ile karakterize omuz problemlerinde Mulligan mobilizasyon yönteminin etkinliğinin araştırılmasıdır.Yöntem: Pubmed, Google Scholar ve Pedro arama motorları konu ile ilgili randomize kontrollü çalışmalar açısından tarandı. Üç araştırmacı başlık, özet ve tam metin makalelerden potansiyel olarak uygun olanları seçmek için dahil edilme kriterlerini birbirlerinden bağımsız olarak uyguladılar.Bulgular: Kriterlere uyan 26 randomize kontrollü çalışma derlemeye dahil edildi. Literatüre göre Mulligan mobilizasyon yönteminin, rotator manşet sendromlu, subakromiyal sıkışma sendromlu, donuk omuz sendromlu ve omuz ağrılı hastalarda EHA, ağrı ve fonksiyon açısından kısa dönemde etkili olduğu görülmektedir.Sonuç: Rotator manşet sendromu, subakromiyal sıkışma sendromu, omuz ağrısı ve kısıtlılığı olan hastalar ve donuk omuz sendromu olan hastalarda ağrıyı azaltmak, eklem hareket kısıtlılığını ve fonksiyonu artırmak amacıyla Mulligan mobilizasyon yöntemi kullanılabilir. Mobilizasyonun egzersiz ile birlikte uygulanması daha etkili sonuçlar vermektedir.
Meme Kanserinden Korunmada ve Meme Kanseri Tedavisinde Akdeniz Diyetinin Etkisi
Authors: DENİZ GÜNEŞ Burcu , ACAR TEK Nilüfer
Published: May 2021

Meme kanseri, dünya çapında en yaygın ve ölümcül karsinomlardan biridir ve kadın sağlığı için ciddi bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Kötü beslenme, obezite, fiziksel aktivite eksikliği gibi yaşam tarzı faktörlerinin daha yüksek meme kanseri riski ile ilişkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Akdeniz diyeti, temel olarak antioksidanlar ve antiinflamatuvar besinler açısından zengin içeriğe sahip olması nedeniyle dünya çapında en sağlıklı beslenme modellerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Diyet bileşenlerinin kombinasyonunun; inflamasyonu ve oksidatif stresi azaltmada ortak bir rol oynadığı, dolayısıyla kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve kanser dahil olmak üzere çeşitli malignitelerin ilerlemesine engel olduğu öne sürülmüştür. Hücrelerin oksidatif ve inflamatuvar süreçlerini azaltmada ve deoksiribo nükleik asit hasarlarını, hücre proliferasyonunu ve hayatta kalmalarını, anjiyogenezleri, inflamasyonu ve metastazları önlemedeki koruyucu etkileri göz önüne alındığında, Akdeniz diyetinin meme kanserinden korunmada ve meme kanseri tedavisinde etkili bir yöntem olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derleme, Akdeniz diyetinin meme kanserinden korunmadaki ve meme kanseri tedavisindeki potansiyel etkilerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yazılmıştır.
The greatest square free factor of a binary recursive sequence
Authors: Shorey Tarlok Nath
Published: May 2021

If $\Delta_{m,n}$ denotes the quotient $[u_m,v_n]/(u_m,v_n)$ of the lcm by the gcd, we obtain in this paper a lower bound for the greatest square-free factor $Q[\Delta_{m,n}]$ of $\Delta_{m,n}$ when $u_h=v_h, m>n$ (and $u_n\neq0$); this implies a lower bound for $\log Q[u_n]$ of the form $C(\log m)^2(\log\log m)^{-1}$, thereby improving on an earlier result of C. L. Stewart.
On the equation $a(x^m-1)/(x-1)=b(y^n-1)/(y-1)$: II
Authors: Shorey Tarlok Nath
Published: May 2021

Using the theory of linear forms in logarithms we generalize an earlier result with R. Balasubramanian on the equation of the title.
On the frequency of Titchmarsh's phenomenon for $\zeta(s)$ IV.
Authors: Balasubramanian R
Published: May 2021

The inequality in the main theorem of this paper improves on an earlier weaker version by a certain shaper constant.
A Lemma in complex function theory II
Authors: Balasubramanian R , Ramachandra K
Published: May 2021

In this sequel to the previous paper with the same title, we prove a similar result as in part I, but which holds for $\vert f(z)\vert^k$, where $k>0$ is any real number.
Proof of some conjectures on the mean-value of Titchmarsh series-II
Authors: Balasubramanian R , Ramachandra K
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we give lower bounds for $\int_0^H \vert F(it)\vert^k\,dt$, where $k=1$ or $2$ and $F(s)$ is a Dirichlet series of a certain kind. Since the conditions on $F(s)$ are relaxed, the bounds are somewhat smaller than those obtained previously.
On the zeros of a class of generalised Dirichlet series-VIII
Authors: Balasubramanian R , Ramachandra K
Published: May 2021

In an earlier paper (Part VII, with the same title as the present paper) we proved results on the lower bound for the number of zeros of generalised Dirichlet series $F(s)= \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n\lambda^{-s}_n$ in regions of the type $\sigma\geq\frac{1}{2}-c/\log\log T$. In the present paper, the assumptions on the function $F(s)$ are more restrictive but the conclusions about the zeros are stronger in two respects: the lower bound for $\sigma$ can be taken closer to $\frac{1}{2}-C(\log\log T)^{\frac{3}{2}}(\log T)^{-\frac{1}{2}}$ and the lower bound for the number of zeros is something like $T/\log\log T$ instead of the earlier bound $>\!\!\!>T^{1-\varepsilon}$.
Is the binomial coefficient $2n \choose n$ square free?
Authors: Velammal G
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we prove the Erd\"os conjecture that the binomial coefficient ${2n \choose n}$ is never square free, for all $n>4$.
On a problem of Ivi\'c.
Authors: Ramachandra K
Published: May 2021

Let $\gamma$ denote the imaginary parts of the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function $\zeta(s)$. For sufficiently large $T$ and $\varepsilon>0$, Ivi\'c proved that $\sum_{T<\gamma\leq2T} \vert\zeta(\frac{1}{2}+i\gamma)\vert^2 <\!\!\!<_{\varepsilon} (T(\log T)^2\log\log T)^{3/2+\varepsilon},$ where the implicit constant depends only on $\varepsilon$.

In this paper, this result is improved by (i) replacing $\vert\zeta(\frac{1}{2}+i\gamma)\vert^2$ by $\max\vert\zeta(s)\vert^2$, where the maximum is taken over all $s=\sigma+it$ in the rectangle $\frac{1}{2}-A/\log T\leq\sigma\leq2,\, \vert t-\gamma\vert\leq B(\log\log T)/\log T$ with some fixed positive constants $A, B,$ and (ii) replacing the upper bound by $T(\log T)^2\log\log T$. The method of proof differs completely from Ivi\'c's approach.
Hardy-Littlewood first approximation theorem for quasi $L$-functions
Authors: Balasubramanian R , Ramachandra K
Published: May 2021

The object of the present note (which is an addendum to [R. Balasubramanian and K. Ramachandra, Indian J. Pure Appl. Math. 18 (1987), no. 9, 790--793]) is to make a few remarks on the results and prove that a certain quasi $L$-function $L(s,\chi)$ is uniformly convergent in any compact subset, and that it can be continued as an entire function.
Carmichael number with three prime factors.
Authors: Heath-Brown D R
Published: May 2021

Let $C_3(x)$ be the number of Carmichael numbers $n\le x$ having exactly 3 prime factors. It has been conjectured that $C_3(x)$ is of order $x^{1/3}(\log x)^{-1/3}$ exactly. We prove an upper bound of order $x^{7/20+\varepsilon}$, improving the previous best result due to Balasubramanian and Nagaraj, in which the exponent $7/20$ was replaced by $5/14$.

The proof combines various elementary estimates with an argument using Kloosterman fractions, which ultimately relies on a bound for the Ramanujan sum.
Contributions to the theory of the Hurwitz zeta-function
Authors: Kanemitsu S , Tanigawa Y , Tsukada H , Yoshimoto M
Published: May 2021

We give various contributions to the theory of Hurwitz zeta-function. An elementary part is the argument relating to the partial sum of the defining Dirichlet series for it; how much can we retrieve the whole from the part. We also give the sixth proof of the far-reaching Ramanujan -- Yoshimoto formula, which is a closed form for the important sum $\sum^\infty_{m=2} \frac{\zeta(m,\alpha)}{m+\lambda} z^{m+\lambda}$. This proof, incorporating the structure of the Hurwitz zeta-function as the principal solution of the difference equation, seems one of the most natural ones. The formula may be applied to deduce almost all formulas in H.~M.~Srivastava and J.~Choi. The same is applied to obtain closed form for the integral of the Euler psi function and give Espisona-Moll results.
%In this paper we shall give various contributions to the theory of the Hurwitz zeta-function. In \S1 we shall continue our previous study and give integral representations (for the derivatives as well) which give another basis of the theory of gamma and related functions. In \S2 we shall give the sixth proof of the Ramanujan formula with two examples which supersede those results presented in the book of Srivastava and Choi. In \S3 we shall give two more proofs of the closed formula for the integral of the psi-function, thus recovering the recent result of Episona and Moll. Finally, in \S4 we shall give another proof of the functional equation. Hereby we put all existing literature in the hierarchical and historical perspective.
Ideal solutions of the Tarry-Escott problem of degree eleven with applications to sums of thirteenth powers.
Authors: Choudhry Ajai , Wroblewski Jaroslaw
Published: May 2021

This paper is concerned with the system of simultaneous diophantine equations $\sum_{i=1}^6A_i^k=\sum_{i=1}^6B_i^k$ for $k=2, 4, 6, 8, 10.$ Till now only two numerical solutions of the system are known. This paper provides an infinite family of solutions. It is well-known that solutions of the above system lead to ideal solutions of the Tarry-Escott Problem of degree $11$, that is, of the system of simultaneous equations, $\sum_{i=1}^{12}a_i^k=\sum_{i=1}^{12}b_i^k$ for $k=1, 2, 3,\ldots,11.$ We use one of the ideal solutions to prove new results on sums of $13^{th}$ powers. In particular, we prove that every integer can be expressed as a sum or difference of at most $27$ thirteenth powers of positive integers.
Little flowers to Srinivasa Ramanujan.
Authors: Ramachandra K
Published: May 2021

This paper is based on a talk in which we discuss some attractive results and offer them as little flowers to Srinivasa Ramanujan.
The combinatorics of moment calculations
Authors: Montgomery hugh L
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we consider the distribution of primes in intervals of length $\asymp\log x$; this leads to insights concerning Poisson random variables. Later, we consider reduced residues $({\rm mod}\,q)$ in short intervals, which similarly motivates us to derive further information concerning moments of binomial random variables. This discussion is extended further, where we consider the distribution of primes in intervals of length $\asymp x^{\theta}$ where $0<\theta<1$. Our analysis gives rise to a family of polynomials.
K. Ramachandra: Reminiscences of his Friends.
Authors: Murthy M. P , Waldschmidt Michel , Soundararajan K , Vaidya Prabhakar , Jutila Matti
Published: May 2021

This article contains obituary notes written by students of K. Ramachandra who was one of the founding editors of the Hardy Ramanujan Journal.
I am fifty-five years old
Authors: Ramachandra K
Published: May 2021

This is an autobiographical article published posthumously.
On congruences for certain sums of E. Lehmer's type
Authors: Kanemitsu Shigeru , Kuzumaki Takako , Urbanowicz Jerzy
Published: May 2021

Let n > 1 be an odd natural number and let r (1 < r < n) be a natural number relatively prime to n. Denote by χn the principal character modulo n. In Section 3 we prove some new congruences for the sums T r,k (n) = n r ] i=1 (χn(i) i k) (mod n s+1) for s ∈ {0, 1, 2}, for all divisors r of 24 and for some natural numbers k.We obtain 82 new congruences for T r,k (n), which generalize those obtained in [Ler05], [Leh38] and [Sun08] if n = p is an odd prime. Section 4 is an appendix by the second and third named authors. It contains some new congruences for the sums Ur(n) = n
Remarks on the impossibility of a Siegel-Shidlovskii like theorem for G-functions
Authors: Rivoal T
Published: May 2021

The Siegel-Shidlovskii Theorem states that the transcendence degree of the field generated over Q(z) by E-functions solutions of a differential system of order 1 is the same as the transcendence degree of the field generated over Q by the evaluation of these E-functions at non-zero algebraic points (expect possibly at a finite number of them). The analogue of this theorem is false for G-functions and we present conditional and unconditional results showing that any intermediate numerical transcendence degree can be obtained.
On the Wintner-Ingham-Segal summability method
Authors: Kanemitsu S , Kuzumaki T , Tanigawa Y
Published: May 2021

The aim of this note is to establish a subclass of $\mathcal{F}$ considered by Segal if functions for which the Ingham-Wintner summability implies $\mathcal{F}$-summability as wide as possible. The subclass is subject to the estimate for the error term of the prime number theorem. We shall make good use of Stieltjes integration which elucidates previous results obtained by Segal.
Two applications of number theory to discrete tomography
Authors: Tijdeman Rob
Published: May 2021

Tomography is the theory behind scans, e.g. MRI-scans. Most common is continuous tomography where an object is reconstructed from numerous projections. In some cases this is not applicable, because the object changes too quickly or is damaged by making hundreds of projections (by X-rays). In such cases discrete tomography may apply where only few projections are made. The present paper shows how number theory helps to provide insight in the application and structure of discrete tomography.
Polynomial representations of GL(m|n)
Authors: Z. Flicker Yuval
Published: May 2021

We develop a modular version of a super analogue of Schur's duality by means of supergroups, rather than Lie superalgebras, in preparation for a geometric analogue.
PREVALENCE, DISTRIBUTION AND DETERMINANTS OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS IN ADULT INDOOR STROKE POPULATION OF PESHAWAR DIVISION, PAKISTAN
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Ullah Imran , Shah Syed Abdurehman , Khan Zahidullah , Khan Taj Muhammad , Shaheen Ghazala
Published: May 2021

Background: Stroke is a devastating public health problem worldwide, considered as the third leading cause of death in developed countries, and the leading cause of disability among adults. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), including pulmonary embolism (PE) as a sequel, is a serious complication of various medical conditions including stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine frequency of deep vein thrombosis among patients presented with stroke. Materials and methods: This study was descriptive (cross-sectional) study, conducted in the Department of Neurology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar over 6 months. In the study a total of 196 patients were observed. Base line investigations were done and ultrasound was carried out to diagnose deep vein thrombosis. All the laboratory investigations and ultrasound were done by single experience pathologist and sonologist having minimum of five years of experience respectively. Observation and examination was done by neurologist who was not aware about the study and data was recorded in a predesigned proforma. To control confounders and bias in the study results, strict exclusion criteria had been followed. Results: In this study mean age was 63 years with standard deviation ± 28.34. Forty two percent patients were male and 58% patients were female. More over 8% patients had deep vein thrombosis. Conclusion:Our study concludes that the frequency of deep vein thrombosis was 8% among patients presented with stroke.
EXTRATOS AQUOSOS DE Casearia sylvestris SWARTZ: UMA REVISÃO
Authors: Castro Thiago Luis Aguayo de , Santos Maria do Socorro Mascarenhas , Cardoso Claudia Andrea Lima
Published: May 2021

Casearia sylvestris Swartz é uma planta nativa utilizada na medicina popular. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica visando analisar o panorama dos estudos com os extratos aquosos desta planta e também os registros de patentes depositados no Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial. Não foi identificado nenhum registro de patente com extratos aquosos da espécie. Os artigos científicos foram produzidos majoritariamente entre 2006 e 2010 e as propriedades biológicas investigadas nesses estudos foram aplicações medicinais, antídoto para veneno de cobra e ação alelopática. Embora essa planta já seja utilizada tradicionalmente, os estudos com extratos aquosos são escassos, indicando a necessidade de novas pesquisas.
An innovative methodological approach for the analysis of the effects of urban interventions on property prices [Un approccio metodologico innovativo per l’analisi degli effetti degli interventi di trasformazione urbana sui valori immobiliari]
Authors: Di Liddo Felicia , Morano Pierluigi , Tajani Francesco , Torre Carmelo Maria
Published: May 2021

The evaluation of the effects that an urban interventiongenerates on the area in which it is realized, and moregenerally on the city-system, plays a central role in thedefinition of its effectiveness, as it measures the effectsthat may derive from its implementation in terms of im-proving the quality level of the natural and built envi-ronment. The present research intends to propose andtest a methodological and operational approach to eva-luate, with quantitative indicators, the effects that anurban redevelopment initiative can have on propertyprices. In particular, the aim of the work concerns thedevelopment of a procedural protocol articulated intoclear and replicable phases, in order to support the ana-lysis of the urban transformation effects. The protocolis applied to four redevelopment projects currently inprogress, located in four municipal trade areas in thecity of Bari (Southern Italy). For each urban area, a sam-ple of two hundred residential properties sold in the pe-riod 2017-2019 has been collected. The implementationof a genetic algorithm has allowed the definition of theeconometric price function, able of identifying the setof variables - intrinsic and extrinsic – which, in each ofthe four intervention areas, contributes to the formationof property prices in the “ante-project” situation. Theanalysis of the effects of urban redevelopment in termsof variation of the urban quality has been carried out.Through an exogenous approach based on the inter-view of experts and community individuals, the valuesof the factors related to the urban quality following theimplementation of the projects have been determinedagain (“post-project” situation). By inserting the new va-lues into the econometric price functions alreadyfound, the market values of the post-project situationhave been estimated. The comparison between ex anteand ex post market values shows the increase in pro-perty prices following the redevelopment initiative andallows to quantify it, confirming the full consistencywith the expected empirical trends.
Urban development and negative differential rent [Lo sviluppo urbano e la rendita differenziale negativa]
Authors: Cannaos Cristian
Published: May 2021

The growth of building land does not always produce a positive differential rent on the existing building stock. The essay aims to discuss the case where urban expansion has negative effects on the rent of existing building plots and constructions. In other words, the differential rent assumes negative values that increase over time, lowering the value of existing properties. This occurs when the expansion of the city does not correspond to a real need for new housing. Generally, it happens in the presence of urban centres already in an advanced phase of demographic contraction, when the existing building stock would be sufficient to satisfy the real estate demand. This expansion (sometimes achieved through urban plans or building programs, others in the total absence of plans) is a phenomenon that, since the 1960s, has affected (and still affects) many smaller towns in Italy. While in the cities that attract population, urban expansion led to the creation of a positive and growing rent (absolute and differential), in the centres suffering from depopulation the same type of expansion had adverse effects on the existing building stock.
Estudo de viabilidade do reaproveitamento de água de chuva na cidade de Belo Horizonte-MG para utilização residencial
Authors: Alvim Fábio Henrique Silva , Silva Álvaro Bittencourt Henrique
Published: May 2021

Dentro do novo paradigma de desenvolvimento urbano que se estabeleceu devido à ameaça aos recursos hídricos, tornou-se necessária a busca por meios sustentáveis neste milênio, visando reduzir o consumo exacerbado de água e o incentivo à elaboração de soluções de reutilização desse bem essencial de consumo. Uma dessas alternativas que tem se mostrado promissora é o reaproveitamento da água da chuva. O objetivo do trabalho desenvolver um estudo de caso e avaliar a viabilidade de implantação de um sistema de captação da água da chuva em uma residência localizada no município de Belo Horizonte-MG, com o intuito de reduzir o consumo de água distribuído pela Companhia de Saneamento de Minas Gerais (COPASA). A metodologia utilizada consiste em estimar e dimensionar todas as variáveis que afetam o processo, como a  precipitação, a área de coleta e demanda dos moradores, analisando a viabilidade econômica do sistema proposto e considerando o valor gasto e a sua respectiva economia anual na despesa da concessionária pública. A partir das etapas metodológicas do estudo de caso, foi definido uma caixa d’água com capacidade de 5m³ ocasionando em um valor de investimento para instalação do projeto em R$ 4.991,85, bem como concluiu-se ainda que o tempo de retorno do valor investido será de 10 anos e os moradores após esse tempo economizariam um valor de R$ 5.120,91 ao longo dos 10 anos restantes do projeto. Dessa forma o projeto proposto torna-se viável com a economia gerada no longo prazo. As áreas de Engenharia Civil e Arquitetura possuem um papel muito importante nesse sentido, uma vez que diversas edificações já começaram a se adaptar aos novos tempos e a adotar a solução do aproveitamento de água da chuva.
Solving Bangkok’s Traffic Problems
Authors: Bhu-anantanondh Nualmanee , Kanyajit Sunee , Suwannanon Apasiri , Sinloyma Patchara
Published: May 2021

Bangkok is reported to have the worst traffic in the world, a situation that has a detrimental effect on the economic, social and financial development of the city. This mixed-methods study of the enforcement of Thailand’s Road Traffic Act, B.E. 2522 (1979) surveyed drivers in Bangkok and interviewed police traffic officers. The results reveal negative perceptions of drivers towards traffic police officers, poor law enforcement and disparity in policing practice. They also show that drivers lack road discipline and do not fear the consequence of any wrongdoing because they perceive that the Act merely prescribes petty offences and traffic police officers only impose light punishments. To support the cultural changes necessary to alter these perceptions, and enhance the economic and social development of the city, a range of strategies will be necessary, including training and development among drivers and law enforcement officers and strengthened legal provisions.
Pengaruh Penghargaan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Minimarket
Authors: Ferdinand Novingky , Satibi Ahmad
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh antara reward atau penghargaan yang diberikan oleh perusahaan dan dampaknya pada kinerja karyawan. Penelitian ini adalah studi kasus yang dikhususkan pada pegawai minimarket di wilayah Jonggol, Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan regresi linear sederhana. Data diambil melalui survey yang dilakukan ke 30 orang karyawan minimarket di wilayah Jonggol, Kabupaten Bogor. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa reward berpengaruh signifikan pada kinerja karyawan minimarket.