bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When TikTok Discovered the Human Remains Trade: A Case Study
Authors: Graham Shawn , Huffer Damien , Simons Jaime
Published: April 2022

In the summer of 2021, a video on TikTok was heavily reposted across a variety of social media platforms (attracting conventional media attention too). Unusually (for TikTok), it was about the trade in human remains. Thus, we were presented with the opportunity to watch how knowledge of the trade exploded into broader public consciousness on a comparatively newer platform. In this article, we scrape TikTok for reactions to that moment. In our previous research on the human remains trade on Instagram, we used a particular suite of digital humanities methods to understand how Instagram was being used by participants in the trade. Here, we employ those same methods to develop a case study for contrast. The original individual, whose TikTok account is used to promote his bricks-and-mortar business buying and selling human remains, has, as a result of this attention, gained an even greater number of followers and views, making the video a “success.” Nevertheless, several users engaged in long discussions in the comments concerning the ethics of what this individual is doing. A number of users created videos to criticize his activities, discussing the moral, ethical, and legal issues surrounding the trade in human remains, which in many ways makes the “success” of this video one of fostering opposition and a wider understanding of the ethical and moral issues around this trade.
Sodium thiosulfate during cisplatin-based hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is associated with transient hypernatraemia without clinical sequelae
Authors: Alonso Anais , Liauw Winston , Kennedy Helen , Alzahrani Nayef A. , Morris David L.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Cisplatin is commonly used during intraperitoneal chemotherapy however has well-established nephrotoxic side-effects. Sodium thiosulfate is often added to cisplatin-based hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) protocols to mitigate this, however evidence regarding risk of hypernatraemia is scarce as of yet.

Methods

We retrospectively identified patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for peritoneal surface malignancies of any origin at a single high-volume unit between April 2018 and December 2020. Patients were included if they received cisplatin-based HIPEC with intravenous sodium thiosulfate. Blood tests were collected pre-surgery and then daily during admission. Hypernatraemia was defined as serum sodium >145 mmol/L. Renal impairment was defined using the RIFLE criteria.

Results

Eleven CRSs met inclusion criteria, the majority of which were indicated for ovarian cancer (72.7%). One (9.1%) patient with mesothelioma received mitomycin C as an additional chemotherapy agent. The incidence of hypernatraemia was 100% but all cases were transient, with no clinical sequelae observed. The rate of AKI was 36.4%, with three (27.3%) patients classified as risk and one (9.1%) instance of failure. No long-term renal impairment was observed.

Conclusions

Despite biochemical evidence of mild hypernatraemia but with the absence of clinical sequelae, sodium thiosulfate appears to be safe when used in adjunct to cisplatin-based HIPEC during CRS. These findings should be evaluated with further comparative studies. When describing renal impairment, it is important that standardisation in reporting occurs, with the RIFLE and Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria now the preferred consensus definitions.
Documenting Emotional Labor
Authors: Cummins Molly Wiant , Huber Aubrey A.
Published: April 2022

This essay builds on Lawless’s call to name and chronicle emotional work. The authors draw attention to the emotional labor that has become an institutional expectation of the academic position, particularly among people with marginalized identities, to name this labor as such and to use this documentation as evidence for compensation. The authors’ emotional labor is grounded in critical communication pedagogy (CCP), which compels them to engage in a fundamentally different form of emotional labor, one that depends on relationship-building and the recognition of systemic and structural forms of oppression through reflexive care and performative listening. This form of emotional labor strives to understand people in context to account for how experiences are always enabled and constrained by various institutional structures and to generate possibilities for change. The authors offer autoethnographic accounts of their CCP-centered emotional labor, and then draw conclusions from a critical communication pedagogy perspective.
Effect of harvest aid herbicides on germination and vigour index of mungbean seeds
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Asghar Muhammad Jawad , Ahmad Fiaz
Published: April 2022

Mungbean (Vigna radiata) is an economically important pulse crop. It is widely grown by farmers due to its dual profitability in terms of production and enriching soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation. Harvesting of mungbean is complicated due to its indeterminate growth habit and presence of green weeds. To dry plants and speed up harvesting of crops, pre-harvest herbicides are used as harvest aids. In the present study, two harvest aid herbicides (paraquat and glyphosate) at three different levels (2.47, 3.70 and 4.94 L ha-1) along with a non- treated control were tested for two mungbean varieties ('NM-2011' and 'NM-2016') to evaluate their effects on germination parameters. Germination under laboratory conditions, field conditions and mean germination time showed non-significantly different results, while vigour index showed significant differences. Seeds of 'NM-2011' had 97% germination following 3.70 L ha-1paraquat or 4.94 L ha-1glyphosate. Similarly, seeds of 'NM-2016' had 100% germination following 4.94 L ha -1 paraquat, while all levels of glyphosate showed non- significant decreases in germination as compared to the non-treated control.
Sewing Proximals on the Ascending Aorta during CABG Operations
Authors: Tribble Curt , Teman Nick
Published: April 2022

To have coronary bypass surgery deliver on the claim made by Dr. Lytle in his Gibbon Lecture at the 2020 meeting of the American College of Surgeons, surgeons doing these operations must pay attention to every detail of the procedures.  While a lot of attention is, appropriately, focused on sewing the distal anastomoses in coronary artery bypass operations [Tribble, 2018], there is often comparatively less attention placed on creating the proximal anastomoses for coronary artery bypass grafts. [Favaloro, 1970]. A lack of attention to these anastomoses can lead to significant problems for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. This article will address the common issues to be considered in creating proximal vein graft anastomoses in a standard coronary artery bypass operation. Let’s get started …..
Selective Reflection of Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Jing Tammy
Published: April 2022

Cholesteric liquid crystal materials with selective reflection characteristics are used in a variety of applications due to their unique optical properties, including liquid crystal photovoltaic panels, light enhancement films, liquid crystal dimming glass, liquid crystal dimming films, laser protection, and infrared stealth. At the moment, researchers have offered a variety of effective strategies for extending the range of reflection. The reflection wavelength of the cholesteric phase has been effectively widened through the investigation of each material system, laying the groundwork for the practical application of cholesteric phase liquid crystal materials.
Estructura vegetal y flora asociada del manglar de Mata de Limón, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
Authors: Guzmán-Sánchez Yixlen , Rojas-Ortega Gustavo , Esquivel-Martín Esteban , Arrieta-Sancho Ana Lucía , Vargas-Solano José Andrés , Villalobos-Chacón Luis
Published: April 2022

La estructura de los manglares se ve afectada negativamente por diferentes factores y sus variaciones llegan a causar estrés fisiológico. El objetivo de la investigación fue describir el estado de la estructura vegetal y la flora asociada al humedal de Mata de Limón. En el año 2014, se establecieron seis parcelas de monitoreo, en donde se determinó el número de árboles, la altura, el diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) y la especie, para calcular el índice de complejidad y de valor de importancia. Se encontraron seis de las siete especies de flora nuclear identificadas en los manglares de Costa Rica. El índice de complejidad general fue de 4.97, Avicennia germinans tuvo el mayor valor de importancia, presente en cinco parcelas. Además, se reconocieron 26 organismos de vegetación asociada, distribuidos en 17 familias. La presencia de los diferentes mangles está determinada por la dinámica natural de diversos factores presentes en el ecosistema, sin embargo, debido al desarrollo de las actividades humanas su condición se puede ver alterada. Dadas las perturbaciones que ha enfrentado el humedal de Mata de Limón, como la construcción de la línea del tren, de la carretera y el puerto de Caldera; su conformación vegetal presenta una evidente heterogeneidad, de manera que las zonas más alejadas de la ocupación humana poseen mayor complejidad y presencia florística típica del ecosistema de manglar.
Calidad del agua superficial y presiones socioambientales en la microcuenca alta del río Poás
Authors: Arce-Villalobos Kelvin , Sánchez-Gutiérrez Rolando , Centeno-Morales Jacqueline , Marín-León Rolando , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Jorengeth Abad
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la relación entre la calidad del agua superficial en la parte alta de la microcuenca del río Poás y las principales presiones socioambientales que pueden alterar este factor. Para ello se realizó un estudio exploratorio, con enfoque cuantitativo, donde se identificaron las principales presiones socioambientales que experimenta el recurso hídrico en la zona. Además, se analizó la calidad del agua superficial a través de indicadores físicos, químicos y microbiólogos, para la aplicación de dos índices de calidad. Se encontraron seis presiones socioambientales de impacto negativo al recurso, materializadas a través de acciones puntuales ejecutadas desde el hogar y otras actividades de tipo socioeconómico. A pesar de que la evidencia mostró cumplimiento mayoritario de los parámetros analizados con los criterios de calidad sugeridos a nivel nacional e internacional, los índices revelaron niveles de contaminación incipiente, además de calidad buena y media. Estadísticamente, se encontró que la calidad del agua de la microcuenca no varía espacialmente; sin embargo, sí lo hace de manera temporal, debido a la incidencia de los patrones de lluvia en la zona. Este hallazgo, en conjunto con la determinación de correlaciones significativas entre los parámetros monitoreados, contribuyó a reconocer que los sitios analizados en época lluviosa mantienen mayor relación con parámetros asociados con contaminación orgánica debido a procesos de escorrentía y descarga de agua residual. Por tanto, se plantea la necesidad de coordinar esfuerzos que garanticen la sostenibilidad de la microcuenca, que mejoren la infraestructura sanitaria local, fortalezcan los procesos de gestión del agua y se dirijan al establecimiento de una red de monitoreo desde un marco de referencia con visión de cuenca.
Obtención de alturas niveladas mediante nivelación GPS Caso de estudio: Morona – Ecuador
Authors: Palacios-Orejuela Iván Fernando , Arellano-Pérez Karol Dennise
Published: April 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue demostrar la aplicabilidad de la nivelación GPS para la obtención de alturas niveladas precisas con fines de ingeniería, en el cantón Morona – Ecuador. Se evaluaron dos escalas de trabajo: cantonal (macro) y urbana (micro), donde los vértices conocidos desde los cuales se arrastró el valor de altura fueron los puntos pertenecientes a la red geodésica local del cantón. Con el análisis del gradiente de ondulación geoidal se definieron 5 zonas homogéneas de variación del gradiente; se aplicó nivelación GPS en las dos zonas (zona 4 y 5) que contaban con vértices geodésicos y que además abarcan mayor superficie del cantón. Los valores del gradiente de ondulación geoidal en el área de estudio reflejan una variabilidad considerable, con errores de hasta 24 mm/Km. A escala cantonal se alcanzaron errores entre 12.19 cm – 1.27 cm a 30 Km – 5.1 Km en la zona 4, y 38.48 cm – 8.33 cm a 13 Km – 2.7 Km en la zona 5; mientras que, a escala urbana se hallaron errores de 2.48 cm – 0.14 cm a 1.07 Km – 0.19 Km respectivamente. Mediante nivelación GPS se alcanzan resultados auspiciosos para trabajos de ingeniería y las geociencias en general que necesitan alturas niveladas de forma rápida y precisa. Además, para la correcta aplicación de esta técnica se deben considerar dos determinantes que son la distancia de línea base y el gradiente de ondulación geoidal.
Pros and Cons of Computer-Assisted Rehabilitation
Authors: Ferenčík Norbert , Hudák Radovan , Kohan Miroslav , Rajťúková Viktória
Published: April 2022

This article summarized the knowledge obtained from exercises with patients using computer-assisted rehabilitation. Working with a wide base of healthy individuals and patients with various problems yielded the results to summarize. This work utilized several rehabilitation devices using computer games and uncovered positive and negative aspects of contemporary rehabilitation procedures. we conclude in this research computer-assisted rehabilitation is the future of modern rehabilitation, so it is necessary to know all factors affecting patients’ health.
Automated Quantification of Ki-67 on Gastric Epithelial Tissue based on Cell Nuclei Area Ratio
Authors: Blanco-Solano Austin , Siles Canales Francisco , Alpízar-Alpízar Warner
Published: April 2022

The objective was to develop an automated algorithm for the estimation of a protein (Ki-67) index based on cell nuclei area ratio of gastric epithelial tissue cells; for this purpose, digital histopathology images were used. An expert manually annotated each region of interest of the images. A proportion of Ki-67 positive and negative cells within that region was used to obtain the color distribution of the corresponding pixels. The histogram of each color distribution was modeled as a Gaussian and, later, thresholded for segmentation and classification. Finally, the Ki-67 index was estimated as the ratio between the segmented positive area of the nuclei divided by the total area of the positive and negative nuclei. The automated method has a strong correlation of 0.725 and a root mean square error of 0.293 when compared to the manual method, which gives certainty that the automated method can be used to analyze the proliferation rate. Furthermore, compared to manual classification, the presented method automatically classifies every image in the same Ki-67 category: low, intermediate, and high. Despite the small sample size, the utility of the presented method was demonstrated. However, the low number of scored images did not allow for thoroughly sampling the ranges of pixel values and intensities observed by pathologists, which will be addressed in future work.
Qualitative Analyses of ψ-Caputo Type Fractional Integrodifferential Equations in Banach Spaces
Authors: Abdo Mohammed S.
Published: April 2022

In this research paper, we develop and extend some qualitative analyses of a class of a nonlinear fractional integro-differential equation involving ψ-Caputo fractional derivative (ψ-CFD) and ψ-Riemann-Liouville fractional integral (ψ-RLFI). The existence and uniqueness theorems are obtained in Banach spaces via an equivalent fractional integral equation with the help of Banach’s fixed point theorem (B’sFPT) and Schaefer’s fixed point theorem (S’sFPT). An example explaining the main results is also constructed.
Relationship between the efficacy of tolvaptan and hemoglobin levels in acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Shibata Takahiro , Fukuro Eiko , Takahashi Hirotake , Kayama Yosuke , Mori Chikara , Kawai Makoto , Yoshimura Michihiro
Published: April 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence the effectiveness of tolvaptan treatment for acute decompensated heart failure. Methods and patients: This retrospective study included 102 patients with acute decompensated heart failure who were considered to require tolvaptan. We investigated whether tolvaptan administration was completed within 7 days or more and divided patients into two groups accordingly (responders, n = 35, non-responders, n = 67). Univariate, multivariate analysis and structural equation modeling were used to investigate the various clinical features involved in the success or failure of tolvaptan administration within 7 days. Among the investigation of various factors, changes in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and hemoglobin before and after tolvaptan administration were associated with the completion of tolvaptan administration. In order to proceed with further examination, we examined using a path diagram based on structural equation modeling. Results: It was found that low hemoglobin before treatment and high hemoglobin after treatment are related to the success of the completion of tolvaptan. Other factors were not related to the success of tolvaptan administration. The effectiveness of tolvaptan in pretreatment patients with low hemoglobin is especially important and hemoglobin level will be a valuable marker. Conclusion: This study showed that tolvaptan may be more effective at low hemoglobin in acute decompensated heart failure, which is generally difficult to treat. In that case, active use of tolvaptan is recommended.
Religious Conversion to Converts at the Indonesian Chinese Islamic Association Palembang, Indonesia
Authors: Fadhilatunnisa Fadhilatunnisa , Reza Iredho Fani , Zaharuddin Zaharuddin
Published: April 2022

The ethnic Chinese in Indonesia mostly adheres to the religion of their ancestors, such as Christianity, Confucianism, and Buddhism. Only a small portion of the ethnic Chinese converted to Islam, and when they embraced Islam became a minority the Chinese community. Those who are a minority among minorities, are very important to research. This study aims to determine the experience of religious conversion in converts at the Indonesian Chinese Islamic Association (Persatuan Islam Tionghoa Indonesia, PITI) of Palembang. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The participants of this study were three Chinese converts. The data of this study were obtained by semi-structured interviews. Then the results were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman method. The results of this study indicate there are four main problems experienced by participants, namely towards the process of religious conversion, when converting to religion, after becoming a convert, and changing themselves. In general, this research concludes that participants experience changes that occur not only in themselves, but also in their social interactions.
Effectiveness of Behavior Modification through Token Economy Techniques to Increase Responsibility in Early Childhood
Authors: Irsahamida Syifia , Lutfiyani Evi , Jamaluddin Muhammad
Published: April 2022

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of behavior modification through token economy techniques in increasing responsible behavior in early childhood. This type of research is a quantitative single-case experimental design. The subject in the study is one early childhood children aged 5 years. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The validity test in this study uses the validity of expert judgment. Data analysis uses a visual analysis approach. In this study, the A-B-A-B type withdrawal/reversal designs are used, in which the pre-test is carried out at stage A (baseline) and the post-test is carried out at stage B (intervention). The result shows that the use of the token economy technique is effective in increasing responsible behavior in early childhood. This is proved by the results from the baseline 1 (A) and baseline 2 (A) stages the score of child responsibility is from 1.25 to 1.83. This score indicates the low level of responsible behavior shown by the subject. While at the intervention stage 1 (B) and intervention 2 (B) the repeated scores are 4.83 to 5. The score indicates a high intensity of the subject in showing responsible behavior. So, it can be concluded that behavior modification through token economy is effective for increasing responsible behavior in early childhood.
Sexual Violence Management Through Polygraph and Psychological Intervention
Authors: Minchekar Vikas S
Published: April 2022

Rape and violence against women are a massive problem in India. Among the various cities in India the highest number of rapes reported in metropolitan cities rather than small cities. Not only sexual offences are remarkably grown up in cities but in a rural area also. Rape victims in India, especially in a rural area often subject to shaming and considered not suitable for married life and the life of victim became destroyed. The study aimed to find a high degree of sexual violence among students and provide them with a systematic intervention to control their sexual motives. In the study, 500 students were surveyed and administered Sexual Violence Scale and 34 students were found with a high degree of sexual violence tendency. These students were randomly divided into two groups viz. experimental and control. The experimental group adults were provided a sex management programme for two months while the control group adults didn’t provide any programme. After a two months period, both groups were readministered Sexual Violence Risk Scale. The obtained data were analysed through t statistic. The significant difference was found between the two groups. It was found that the degree of sexual violence significantly decreased among experimental group adults.
Exercise typologies of university students amidst COVID – 19 pandemic
Authors: Garcia Marino A. , Hernani Ma. Rose A. , Canillas Jovelito A. , Jaluague Jucel A. , Pacquiao Katherine S. , Medillo Dara – Hill B.
Published: April 2022

Background And Study Aim. The rising of physical inactivity among university students amidst Covid-19 pandemic is a worldwide concern. Thus, the purpose of this research is to describe and explain the status quo of university students in terms of their physical activity engagement level.

Materials and Methods. Descriptive research design was used in the study employing survey questionnaire. There were 1,648 respondents of the study from one of the Higher Educational Institutions in Cebu City, Philippines taking physical education subject.

Results. Based on the survey conducted, results revealed that in spite of the presence of pandemic, university students still engage themselves in different exercise typologies and/or physical activity in varying frequency of execution to stay active. Similarly, household chores are considered as an opportunity in physical activity engagement amidst the pandemic as revealed in the study.

Conclusions. Despite the challenges and online modality of learning, university students engaged in different exercise typologies to stay active in varying frequency means. Understanding university students’ physical activity’s inclination amidst the pandemic entails planning new teaching strategies and approaches which cater their interest to encourage and motivate to live an active lifestyle even staying at home with limited access to facilities. Further, the study recommended an exercise program to be used either as teaching tool for effective teaching strategies and approaches for students’ physical activity interest in online learning modality especially in this global pandemic.
Investıgatıon of the effect of ısometrıc core strength traınıng in addıtıon to basıc basketball traınıngs on explosıve power in chıldren aged 9-17
Authors: YILMAZ Nurkan
Published: April 2022

Background and Study Aim. With its dynamic and constantly changing characteristics, basketball, which requires more than one movement, is one of the most preferred and popular team sports in the world. It is important to know that basketball requires programs based on speed, agility and strength fitness components, in which endurance and strength parameters are predominant. In this context, resistance training, which provides skill excellence and increased muscle strength, is important for basketball players. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of 4-week specific core training applied to pre-adolescent and adolescent children who do basic basketball training on explosive strength.

Material and Methods. A total of 16 [Control Group (CG): n=8; Experimental Group (EG): n=8] individuals (age 13.29 ± 1.96 years) who did not have any health problems from basketball school and continued basketball basic training were included in the study. The groups continued their usual basketball basic training program (2 days a week, 60 minutes a day). However, in addition to the basic training program, the experimental group was subjected to an isometric training program for 12-minute core strengthening. Training programs were made for a total of 4 weeks. We examined the effects of core training on speed, vertical jump and agility parameters. Statistical analyzes of the data obtained as a result of the research were obtained using the IBM SPSS 23.0 package program.

Results. There was no difference between the groups for sprint and vertical jump parameters of core and basic basketball training (p>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in favor of EG in the agility test analysis results (p<0.05). As a result, we can say that 4-week core training applied in addition to the basic basketball training program in children improves agility characteristics.

Conclusions. The findings showed that core training programs have positive effects on explosive strength parameters. In addition, strengthening the core area significantly improved the agility parameter, which is important in ground-direction changes. This, in parallel with the studies, supported that core training programs should be an integral part of other training programs. This study also showed that core stabilization training applied in a short time improves explosive strength parameters in children.
The role of gender in predicting life satisfaction of the interest in physical education lesson
Authors: Sağın Ahmet E.
Published: April 2022

Background and Study Aim. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between the level of interest in physical education lesson and life satisfaction of students studying in secondary schools

Material and Methods. The research group consisted of 421 students in total 52.3% (n=220) were male students and 47.7% (n = 201) were female students. Structural equation model was used in the analysis of research data.

Results. The effect of interest in physical education lesson on life satisfaction was found to be 19.8% (R2 = .198, p <0.05). In the gender variable, the effect of interest in physical education lesson on life satisfaction in girls is 12.8% (R2 = .128), whereas it is 25.7 (R2 = .257) in boys. According to the model, as the level of interest in physical education lesson of students studying in secondary school increases, their life satisfaction increases. While it is concluded that the interest level of students studying in secondary schools in physical education and sports lessons positively predicts their life satisfaction, this rate is higher in male students.

Conclusions. Since the participation of students in physical education and sports activities contributes to the multifaceted development and life satisfaction of students, it is necessary to increase the interest of students in physical education lessons and especially to engage female students. It is very important for physical education teachers to provide an environment for student participation in physical education and sports lessons. School-based interventions that can increase female students' participation and interest in physical education and sports lessons can be effective.
Modeling of functional preparedness of women 25-35 years of different somatotypes
Authors: Furman Yuriy M. , Miroshnichenko Viacheslav M. , Bohuslavska Viktoriia Yu. , Gavrylova Natalia V. , Brezdeniuk Olexsandra Yu. , Salnykova Svitlana V. , Holovkina Viktoria V. , Vypasniak Igor P. , Lutskyi Vasyl Y.
Published: April 2022

Background and Study Aim. The level of functional preparedness of the population is influenced by many factors. The greatest influence is exerted by the economic condition of the country, climatic features of the region, food quality, environmental factor, social status of the population. Therefore, functional readiness standards should be updated periodically. For an objective assessment of functional readiness, all energy potential should be considered: aerobic, anaerobic lactatic and alactatic. Women of different somatotypes have significant differences in the degree of development of indicators of functional preparedness. Hypothesis. The models of functional preparedness developed by us for women of different somatotypes will clearly demonstrate significant differences in the level of preparedness in representatives of different somatotypes. The aim of the study is to develop standards of functional readiness for women aged 25-35 and models of functional preparedness for women of different somatotypes.
Material and methods. The study involved women aged 25-35 years (n = 392). Somatotype was determined in all subjects. The power of aerobic energy supply processes was determined by the method of bicycle ergometry according to the PWC 170 test. The threshold of anaerobic metabolism was determined by the test with a stepwise increasing load. The capacity of anaerobic lactatic energy supply processes of muscular activity was determined by a bicycle ergometric 60-second test. The power of anaerobic lactatic and alactatic energy supply processes was determined by Wingate anaerobic tests WAnT 30 and WAnT 10. Standards of functional preparedness were developed according to the author's method based on the rule 3σ.
Results. Functional preparedness standards have been developed for women aged 25-35 according to the full range of muscular energy supply regimes. Models of functional preparedness for women 25-35 years of different somatotypes have been developed.
Conclusions. The developed standards are based on modern experimental data and consider all human energy potential (aerobic, anaerobic lactatic and anaerobic alactatic). Standards of functional preparedness cannot be universal for different countries and even different regions of large countries.
Models of functional preparedness of women of different somatotypes show a significant difference from the standards set for women without somatotype. Somatotype should be considered when assessing indicators of functional preparedness.
FFCI: A Framework for Interpretable Automatic Evaluation of Summarization
Authors: Koto Fajri , Baldwin Timothy , Lau Jey Han
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we propose FFCI, a framework for fine-grained summarization evaluation that comprises four elements: faithfulness (degree of factual consistency with the source), focus (precision of summary content relative to the reference), coverage (recall of summary content relative to the reference), and inter-sentential coherence (document fluency between adjacent sentences). We construct a novel dataset for focus, coverage, and inter-sentential coherence, and develop automatic methods for evaluating each of the four dimensions of FFCI based on cross-comparison of evaluation metrics and model-based evaluation methods, including question answering (QA) approaches, semantic textual similarity (STS), next-sentence prediction (NSP), and scores derived from 19 pre-trained language models. We then apply the developed metrics in evaluating a broad range of summarization models across two datasets, with some surprising findings.
odelling the Effect of Population on Rice Production, Consumption and Importation in Nigeria: Vector Autoregressive Model
Authors: Omosanya Kabir Olalekan , Agunbiade Dawud Adebayo
Published: April 2022

One major factor of Economic Development of any nation is food security as the population is on increase in Nigeria. Imposition of barn and closure of border had led to increase in price, smuggling, and hoarding of rice among other problems. Diverse statistical studies had been carried out in many nation of Africa on how to improve rice production without much success. Vector Autoregressive time series modeling is proposed to analyse the relationship between population and rice production, importation, and consumption. The stationarity test reveals that only population got stationarity at first difference while others attain stationarity at zero differencing. Granger causality reported that population, rice production and importation Granger cause rate of rice consumption rate in Nigeria and in essence population, production, and importation of rice has significant effect on consumption. Important recommendation were made to enhance availability of rice for consumption
Binding Brain, Body and World: Pattern as a Figure of Knowledge in Andy Clark’s Work on Predictive Processing
Authors: Besser Stephan
Published: April 2022

Over the past two decades, the predictive processing (PP) framework has emerged as an immensely influential research paradigm in cognitive science and beyond. This article analyzes the critical role that the notion of ‘pattern’ plays in the agenda-setting work of philosopher and cognitive scientist Andy Clark on PP and considers the project to develop the framework into a unified theory of the embodied mind. It argues that pattern contributes to this project not primarily as a full-fledged concept but rather as a figure of knowledge that shapes PP theory at a rhetorical and aesthetic level. The article offers a definition of figures of knowledge as a critical concept and suggests to apply it more broadly to the study of pattern as “keyword of our times” (Franco Moretti).
A Short Enquiry on Social Anthropology in Mathematics
Authors:   Department of Anthropology, Sree Chaitnaya College, Habra, North 24 Parganas, WB 743268, India, Biswas Chinmay
Published: April 2022

Mathematical anthropology is a well-known subject of anthropology research nowadays. Mathematical anthropology solves intriguing and significant difficulties in anthropological theory. Several publications and books have published articles or scientific papers by notable scientists on this topic. The mathematical anthropology analysis fast and improvised that particular field exclusively in the framework of kinship. Several scientists have studied mathematical analysis of genealogy, kinship terminology, and culture theory, among other topics, but “Social Anthropology in Mathematics” is a new field of social anthropology, not a replacement for mathematical anthropology. It uses some simple mathematical formulas to explain any social anthropological investigation. The study of social anthropology in mathematics requires the use of simple mathematical formulas. This is the subject of the current brief communication.
The Middle East Cancer Consortium: A Model for Regional Conciliation and Compassion in the Middle East
Authors:   The Middle East Cancer Consortium, Haifa 34675, Israel, Silbermann Michael
Published: April 2022

Regions in the Middle East are still experiencing political and military hostilities which negatively affect the health and health services of millions of people. Cancer is one of the major causes of high morbidity and mortality in the region. Palliative care for the cancer patient is one of the care options available for all those suffering from such a life-threatening disease. The Middle East Cancer Consortium (MECC) initiated a regional plan to implement palliative care approaches both in hospitals and the community. Moreover, the region lacks experienced professionals who could pave the way for establishing national palliative centers and guide primary care physicians and nurses to exercise this relatively new discipline in clinical practice. This report describes, in short, the endeavors, barriers and successes of this project, which are intended to bring medical professionals closer, thereby promoting understanding, respect and tolerance among individuals and communities in conflict.
Review of Melatonin and Results of Students Survey
Authors:   College of Pharmacy, Howard University, 2300 4th Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20059, USA, Nelson Taylor , Hailemeskel Bisrat ,   College of Pharmacy, Howard University, 2300 4th Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20059, USA, Fullas Fekadu ,   Former Affiliation, Unity Point Health-St. Luke’s Hospital, 2720 Stone Park Boulevard, Sioux City, IA 51104 (Retired), Current Address: 1409 Jackson Rd, Silver Spring, MD 20904, USA
Published: April 2022

Purpose The objective of the survey is to evaluate the knowledge and opinion of Howard University College of Pharmacy first-year professional pharmacy students regarding the use of the sleep medication melatonin. Methods A survey questionnaire comprising 20 questions on melatonin was developed and response obtained from 42 students. Demographic data and responses were gathered and evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the responses. Results Most of the respondents had adequate knowledge about melatonin ranging from 54.8 to 92.6%. There was no statistical difference when responses were analyzed based on the gender of the survey participants. To specific questions whether melatonin is associated with weight gain, can help with signs and symptoms of cancer, recommend sleep hygiene instead of melatonin, and whether melatonin is addictive, the majority (57.1%, 42.9%, 64.3% and 69.0%, respectively) provided the wrong responses. Conclusion More than half of the respondents had good levels of knowledge and opinion about melatonin, with the highest being 92.6% to a specific question on the use of melatonin. The students were only deficient in areas of melatonin being associated with weight gain, melatonin helping with signs and symptoms of cancer, recommending sleep hygiene, and melatonin causing addiction. There are significant differences between the age groups and whether those who worth healthcare area, or not in their response to some of the survey questions.
The Global Rise of Diabetes – Time to Think Seriously About Environmental Toxicants as Risk Factors for Development of the Disease
Authors:   Department of Health Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Sciences – MSC 6246, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA, Kudolo George B.
Published: April 2022

It is now estimated that the number of people living with diabetes worldwide in 2045 will be approximately 783 million, rising much faster than the global population growth of about 20%. In addition to the traditional known host risk factors (life-style changes associated with urbanization, physical inactivity, obesity and aging), it is probably prudent to begin to give serious thought to exposure to environmental toxicants, either because of mere geographical location or because of human industrial activity, as possible significant contributors. This knowledge could raise awareness while prompting us to find new ways to protect people and the environment.
Uzun süreli N95 (FFP2) maske kullanımının kan oksijen satürasyonuna ve diş hekimi konforuna etkisinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: CEYLAN Gülsüm , EMİR Faruk
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19 pandemisi boyunca yapılan dental işlemlerde uzun süre N95 maske kullanımının, diş hekimlerinin oksijen satürasyon değerleri ve nabız atım hızları üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek ve kullanım boyunca oluşan subjektif şikayetleri belirlemekti.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya N95 maskesi kullanan 21-65 yaş (ortalama 31.43±9.44) arası toplam 60 (24 erkek ve 36 kadın) gönüllü diş hekimi dahil edildi. Satürasyon ve nabız kayıtları, N95 maskesi kullanılmadan önce ve 6 saat sürekli kullanımdan sonra parmak tipi puls oksimetre kullanılarak kaydedildi. Katılımcılara mide bulantısı, baş ağrısı, baş dönmesi, görme bozukluğu, nefes darlığı, çarpıntı, bilinç bulanıklığı, iletişim zorluğu, yorgunluk, nefes kokusu, maske-nem, sıcaklık ve kaşıntı ile ilgili soruları içeren subjektif semptomları 1-10 arasında puanlandırdıkları ölçme testi yapıldı.
Bulgular: Kullanım öncesi ve 6 saat boyunca N95 takılması sonrasında, başlangıç ve sonuç oksijen satürasyon değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir değişiklik görüldü (1. gün: p=0.012 ve 3. gün: p=0.02). Ancak bu farklılık klinik olarak anlamlı değildi. Katılımcıların N95 kullanımı sonrasında nabız değerlerine bakıldı ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık görülmedi (p=0.455, p=0.479, p=0.053). Erkeklerde maske içinde oluşan nem, sıcaklık ve karşılıklı iletişim zorluğu şikayetleri, kadınlarda ise nem, sıcaklık ve kaşıntı şikayetleri nispeten yüksek skorlar aldı. Kadın grubunun mide bulantısı, görme bozukluğu, sıcaklık ve kaşıntı skorları erkeklere göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde yüksekti (p=0.001).
Sonuç: N95 maskesinin 6 saat sürekli kullanımı diş hekimlerinin oksijen satürasyon ve nabız atım değerlerinde klinik olarak anlamlı bir etki göstermedi. Kadınlarda mide bulantısı, görme bozukluğu, sıcaklık ve kaşıntı şikayeti değerleri erkeklere göre daha yüksek görüldü.
ROS responsive polyethylenimine-based fluorinated polymers for enhanced transfection efficiency and lower cytotoxicity
Authors: Hua Peng , Yang Donglin , Chen Ruie , Qiu Peiqi , Chen Meiwan
Published: April 2022

Cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) plays a crucial role in gene delivery. However, high molecular weight PEI leads to higher efficient transfection efficacy and higher cytotoxicity while low molecular weight PEI exhibits lower transfection performance with lower toxicity. Therefore, effective chemical modification of PEI is required to enhance transfection activity and improve biocompatibility. Here, reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive PEI-based fluorinated polymers (TKPF) with three degrees of fluorination (TKPF12.5%, TKPF25% and TKPF50%) were designed and synthesized by crosslinking low molecular weight PEI (PEI 1.8K) with a thioketal (TK) linker and then modifying heptafluorobutyric anhydride onto their surface. Such gene vectors exhibited the following features: (1) fluorination reduced the positive charge density and endowed hydrophobic and lipophobic characteristics to resist serum interactions; (2) The fluorophilic effect mediated efficient cellular uptake and endosomal escape; (3) ROS-responsive TK linker allowed the polyplex disassembly to decrease the cytotoxicity of the polycations and improve the release of payloads at specific sites. TKPFs attained superior transfection efficiency in multiple cell lines (293TN cells and B16F10 cells) in vitro and showed excellent biocompatibility. Notably, TKPFs also exhibited great serum resistance in gene delivery and TKPF50% transfected nearly 80% cells in the presence of 70% FBS. These results demonstrates that the fluorination and ROS responsiveness combined polycations are excellent gene-delivery vectors with serum-resistant capacity for further application.
Las histerectomías coercitivas en la India: marco de análisis y pautas para la intervención
Authors: Martínez Gandolfi María Alejandra , Rodríguez Mir Javier
Published: April 2022

La histerectomía en la India ha generado sospechas por su aumento inusual en mujeres jóvenes, analfabetas y pobres de zonas rurales. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la relación entre violencia obstétrica, explotación laboral agrícola, prácticas médicas no éticas y tabúes relativos al útero y la menstruación. La metodología estuvo basada en una revisión bibliográfica sistemática mediante motores de búsquedas académicos que posibilitaron localizar las publicaciones más actuales y significativas sobre la problemática tratada. Los resultados indican que la práctica de la histerectomía está normalizada en la India y que resulta funcional al sistema capitalista, al sistema sanitario y a las pacientes para conseguir o conservar el empleo. Se concluye con la necesidad de activar auditorias médicas, destinar esfuerzos para lograr una mayor transparencia de los servicios sanitarios y centrar la atención sanitaria en una perspectiva de derechos humanos, con un enfoque de género que, especialmente empodere a las mujeres de bajo recursos para tomar decisiones que afectan a su propio cuerpo.
El impacto de las políticas públicas sobre salud, vivienda y seguridad en los derechos de las mujeres que ejercen prostitución
Authors: Kaplún Asensio Martina
Published: April 2022

Este artículo analiza el impacto que tienen las políticas públicas sobre salud, vivienda y seguridad en el disfrute efectivo de estos derechos por parte de las mujeres que ejercen prostitución. Este hace un recuento de cuáles son las obligaciones adquiridas por nuestro país en el marco de los instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos, para posteriormente analizar las políticas que las diferentes administraciones están desplegando. Asimismo, describe la situación específica de las mujeres que ejercen prostitución, visibilizando las brechas que existen en el disfrute de los mencionados derechos. Las tres políticas analizadas tienen graves carencias en cuanto al respeto, la realización y la protección de los derechos, que afectan de manera más contundente a los grupos más vulnerabilizados, entre ellos las mujeres que ejercen prostitución, pues son ellas quienes tienen mayor necesidad de un marco de políticas públicas amplio y protector para poder disfrutar de manera efectiva de sus derechos. La apuesta real por un enfoque de derechos humanos debe ser un elemento fundamental para el diseño e implementación de cualquier política pública que quiera abordar la prostitución de manera integral y desde una perspectiva abolicionista.
Género, violencia estructural y encarcelamiento: historias de mujeres presas en la cárcel de Cuenca
Authors: Palomares Peña Aránzazu
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo se basa en cinco relatos de vida de mujeres privadas de libertad y analiza, a través de una metodología etnográfico, los diferentes tipos de violencias estructurales que han sufrido hasta el momento de entrar a prisión. Para ello se han llevado a cabo entrevistas semidirigidas, con el objetivo de reflexionar acerca de la relación entre sufrir violencias estructurales a lo largo de la vida, y verse abocadas a delinquir, frecuentemente motivadas/empujadas por el contexto social y cultural en el que viven y, en otras, por personas de su entorno. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan que la exclusión y vulnerabilidad social, la violencia, las adicciones y la subordinación a la idea de amor romántico, han sido factores que han influido en el devenir de estas mujeres. A modo de conclusión, se ponen en valor las narrativas autobiográficas de las mujeres encarceladas, que nos muestran sus realidades como colectivo oprimido y violentado, fruto de la violencia estructural vivida tanto fuera como dentro de la prisión.