bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Determinants of Inclusive Economic Growth in Yogyakarta
Authors: Hidayat Ibnu , Mulatsih Sri , Rindayati Wiwiek
Published: November 2020

Abstract: Inclusive economic growth is related to how economic growth achieved can reduce poverty, income inequality, and unemployment. The purpose of this study is to analyze factors that influence inclusive economic growth in Yogyakarta. This study used panel data from 2011 to 2017. Estimation of the model (simultaneous equations) used the Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS) method. The result of the analysis showed that Factors that have a positive impact on inclusive economic growth are household consumption, exports of service/goods, foreign investment, domestic investment, per capita income, and average length of year of study. Whereas the negative influence is the level of open unemployment and imports of service/goods. An increase in household consumption by 2% willincrease gross regional domestic product by 1.5%, decrease the open unemployment rate by 3.0%, decrease poverty by 10.7%, and decrease income inequality by 5.5%.Keywords: inclusive economic growth. simultaneous equations. 2SLS Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Inklusif di YogyakartaAbstrak: Pertumbuhan ekonomi dikatakan inklusif jika memberi manfaat bagi masyarakat bawah seperti dapat mengurangi kemiskinan, ketimpangan pendapatan, dan pengangguran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel dari tahun 2011 hingga tahun 2017. Estimasi model (persamaan simultan) menggunakan metode Two Stage Least Square (2SLS). Analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif adalah konsumsi rumah tangga, ekspor barang/jasa, investasi asing, investasi domestik, pendapatan perkapita, dan rata-rata lama sekolah. Sedangkan pengaruh negatifnya adalah tingkat pengangguran terbuka dan impor barang/jasa. Peningkatan konsumsi rumah tangga sebesar 2% akan meningkatkan produk domestik regional bruto sebesar 1.5%, menurunkan tingkat pengangguran terbuka sebesar 3.0%, menurunkan kemiskinan sebesar 10.7% dan menurunkan ketimpangan pendapatan sebesar 5.5%.Kata kunci: pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif. persamaan simultan. 2SLS
Cultural Heritage and Tourism
Authors: Timothy Dallen J.
Published: November 2020

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the issues, practices, current debates, concepts and management concerns associated with cultural heritage-based tourism, as well as applied knowledge. The 2nd edition expands on timely and emerging topics and includes up-to-date data, statistics, references, case material, figures and plates.
Revista das Revistas
Authors: Wald Arnold
Published: November 2020

A revista Belga de direito comparado contém cerca de cem páginas compreendendo uma homenagem ao professor holandês egrande intemacionalista que foi E . M . Meijers além de artigos de direito comercial, social e conflitos de leis.
O Conselho de Pesquisas Científicas e as Ciências Sociais
Authors: Wald Arnold
Published: November 2020

A intervenção do Estado para incentivar os estudos desinteressados não se limitou ao domínio das ciências exatas. Em todos os países, as ciências sociais merecem a devida atenção dos governantes na criação de certos Conselhos cuja função era orientar e facilitar as pesquisas científicas. Foi o que se deu na França, na Espanha e numa série de outros países. Os conselhos de pesquisas surgiram geralmente com um campo amplo de atividade. Não foi o que aconteceu com o nosso Conselho de Pesquisas cujo âmbito de trabalho se limitou às ciências exatas e às ciências naturais, ignorando por completo as ciências sociais. Já na França por exempla, os estudos de direito comparado, por exemplo, têm a direção e o financiamento do Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique enquanto a mesma função é atribuída na Espanha ao Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas.
Policy capacity and governance conditions for implementing sustainable development goals in Brazil
Authors: Koga Natália Massaco , Filgueiras Fernando , Baia do Nascimento Maricilene Isaira , Borali Natasha , Bastos Victor
Published: November 2020

This article examines governance conditions for implementing the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Brazil. The SDGs are a commitment (signed and adopted in September 2015 by 193 countries) to achieve 17 key milestones by 2030 for formulating and implementing public policies that promote economic, social, and environmental development. Yet the Goals’ multifaceted and imbricated nature poses expressive challenges. One argues that the SDGs provide a rich set of interconnected policies to address key aspects of the governance debate, such as the capacities in a complex policy-implementation context; the association between administrative and relational policy capacities; and the dynamics of governance tools. This investigation entails quanti-qualitative analysis based on data produced by semi-structured interviews and a survey with a random sample of the Brazilian federal bureaucracy, answered by 2,000 individuals. The main findings are that the SDGs require a governance strategy capable of building capacity for promoting collaboration among state and society, horizontal and vertical coordination, and data and information for developing analytical capabilities. In sum, SDGs require higher levels of capacities, leadership, and proper institutional design to reach the necessary levels of collaboration for producing coherent and integrated policies, so leadership materializes as the main critical condition for SDGs’ implementation in Brazil.
Building relational capacities from institutional arrangements: lessons based on the construction of Salvador's subway system
Authors: Lima Victor Bastos , Vaz José Carlos
Published: November 2020

This article aims to study the construction process of the subway system in the Brazilian cities of Salvador and Lauro de Freitas, investigating the constraints of state agencies to build this subway infrastructure. By examining the structures created to produce this urban infrastructure policy, this paper tries to explain how institutional arrangements of public policies condition state agency, in other words, how they enhance or undermine the formation of policy capacities to deliver subway infrastructure. The qualitative analysis of the data suggests that the design of institutional arrangements and their change influence the availability and mobilization of actors, resources, competences and policy instruments towards the promotion of efficacy and legitimacy in this policy.
Covid-19: Where is the Digital Transformation, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics?
Authors: Mendonça Fabrício Martins , Dantas Mário Antônio Ribeiro
Published: November 2020

Digital transformation, big data, artificial intelligence and data analytics are probably the most cited computational subjects in the news around the world. Commercial and technical reports (and papers), usually, indicate high level of success in the adoption of these approaches. In contrast, the present war that the world is facing against the Covid-19, it is not common to see many references about these technologies. In this paper, we present a research work which observes approaches on how to effectively adopt these technologies for a public primary healthcare monitoring, based on Internet of Things devices. Partial results from the proposal indicates a differentiated approach to tackle large challenges, similar to these created by the actual Covid-19 pandemic scenario. In addition, our experiments shown that the adoption of these computational topics require a faster digital behavior changes, to the procedures from governments and people, to be successful as environments for individual health enhancement and protection.
Lockdown 101: Managing economic lockdowns in an epidemic
Authors: Ornelas Emanuel
Published: November 2020

Countries worldwide have implemented lockdown measures to contain the covid-19 pandemic. After more than three months of restrictions to economic activities in many countries, the question has turned to the best ways to lift lockdowns while keeping the epidemic in check. Here I use basic economic principles to shed light on the key tradeoffs. A central message is that there is no “health vs. economics” dichotomy. Rather, some degree of lockdown is typically optimal in crisis like this, balancing its economic costs against its health benefits. Moreover, the optimal lockdown is dynamic, changes over time and eventually becomes more lenient, although the path is not necessarily monotonic.
Public-private Partnerships for Medicine Provision: an alternative to the combat to the covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Del Ponte Duarte Jean Marcel , Nobre Fernandez Rodrigo , Vaz Silva Rodrigo
Published: November 2020

This work aims to verify how the Public-private Partnership contracts can be used as a tool for the policy makers to provide infrastructure in health services, specially seeking to fight the coronavirus pandemic, like the construction of hospitals and health centers, plus research and development of vaccines and medicine. An analysis of PPP cases already currently working in Brazil was conducted, based on the empiric literature. The PPPs arise as a feasible alternative of investments in this sector, particularly in a fragile moment of public accounts, in addition to the need of healthcare improvements throughout the country. Besides being more efficient, this kind of contract also attenuate the pressure on the public accounts since it is financed by private investments.
Distorções de incentivo ao desempenho e redução de motivação no serviço público federal no Brasil
Authors: Corrêa Izabela , Camões Marizaura , Meyer-Sahling Jans , Mikkelsen Kim , Schuster Christian
Published: November 2020

No atual sistema de cargos e carreiras do Poder Executivo federal brasileiro, servidores públicos que não ocupam cargos de livre provimento têm duas maneiras preponderantes para alcançar um patamar salarial mais elevado: antiguidade ou aprovação em concurso público para uma carreira mais bem remunerada. Neste artigo, sugerimos que essas maneiras de ascensão afetam negativamente a motivação para o serviço público. Primeiro, elas transferem os incentivos dos servidores públicos em início de carreira de desempenho no trabalho para preparação para concursos de carreiras com salários mais elevados, e simultaneamente os privam de outras formas de ascensão quando nos estágios intermediários e avançados de suas carreiras. Segundo, elas geram desigualdade salarial entre carreiras, desmotivando servidores públicos com responsabilidades semelhantes em carreiras com remunerações inferiores. Dados de nosso survey com 2.800 servidores públicos de 14 instituições do Governo Federal oferecem indícios acerca da importância de reduzir essas distorções de incentivo.
Излучательная рекомбинация на ионно-индуцированных дефектах в тонких пленках твердых растворов Cu(In, Ga)Se-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Бородавченко О.М. , Живулько В.Д. , Мудрый А.В. , Якушев М.В. , Могильников И.А.
Published: November 2020

In thin films of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solid solutions radiation-induced effects after irradiation of hydrogen ions with an energy of 2.5, 5 and 10 keV with dose of ~ 3∙10^15 cm-2 were studied. A comparative analysis of the optical characteristics of non-implanted and implanted Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films was carried out based on the measurements of photoluminescence spectra and the luminescence excitation spectra at liquid helium temperature of ~ 4.2 K. The bandgap of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solid solutions determined from the data of mathematical processing of the luminescence excitation spectra was ~ 1.171 eV. An intense band with a maximum of ~ 1.089 eV was found in the photoluminescence spectra of non-implanted and hydrogen-implanted Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films caused by the recombination of free electrons with holes localized in the tails of the valence band. It was established that appearance of intense broad bands in the photoluminescence spectra with maxima in the energy range of ~ 0.92 eV and ~ 0.77 eV is due to radiative recombination of nonequilibrium charge carriers at deep energy levels of acceptor type ion-induced defects formed in the bandgap of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solid solutions. The conditions for the appearance of the ionic passivation effect of dangling electronic bonds on the surface and in the bulk of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 polycrystalline films, possible nature of point defects in the structure and the mechanisms of radiative recombination are discussed.
Формирование InAs/GaP-гетероструктур с квантовыми ямами на подложках кремния методом молекулярно-лучевой эпитаксии
Authors: Абрамкин Д.С. , Петрушков М.О. , Емельянов Е.А. , Ненашев А.В. , Есин М.Ю. , Васев А.В. , Путято М.А. , Богомолов Д.Б. , Гутаковский А.К. , Преображенский В.В.
Published: November 2020

Possibility of formation of pseudomorphous quantum well consisting of InGaAsP quaternary alloy during InAs deposition on GaP/Si epitaxial film surface with developed relief is demonstrated. Investigations of quantum well were performed by transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy of cw photoluminescence. The appearance of quantum well segments of 2 types with different width and composition InGaAsP is demonstrated. Width increasing is accompanied by decreasing of
In and As atoms fraction. Lateral sizes of quantum well segments are not lower than 20 nm. Different photoluminescence bands are corresponds to quantum well segments. Observed phenomenon are explained in the framework of suggestion about strain induced surface reorganization during InAs heteroepitaxy on terraced GaP surface.
Влияние интенсивности ионизирующего облучения на отклик МОП-структур
Authors: Александров О.В.
Published: November 2020

Проведено моделирование влияния интенсивности ионизирующего облучения на объемный заряд и плотность поверхностных состояний МОП-структур с тонким подзатворным диоксидом кремния. Показано, что зависимости плотности поверхностных состояний и объемного заряда от суммарного времени ионизирующего облучения и последующей выдержки при разных интенсивностях ионизирующего облучения ложатся на соответствующие общие кривые Nit(t) и Qot(t). Общая кривая Nit(t) обусловлена дисперсионным характером транспорта ионов водорода H+. Наблюдаемые отклонения от общей кривой Nit(t) непосредственно после окончания ионизирующего облучения связаны с переходным процессом перераспределения ионов H+. Общая кривая Qot(t) обусловлена релаксацией объемного заряда по механизму термоэмиссии с системы уровней с энергиями 0.3-1.0 эВ. Показано, что повышенная чувствительность к малым дозам ионизирующего облучения (ELDRS) МОП-структур с толстым базовым оксидом при низких интенсивностях определяется дисперсионным характером транспорта ионов H+. Ключевые слова: ионизирующее облучение, МОП-структура, поверхностные состояния, объемный заряд, дисперсионный транспорт, моделирование.
Identifying Health Economic Considerations to Include in the Research Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial (the REDUCE-RISK Trial): Systematic Literature Review and Assessment
Authors: Neyt Mattias , Christiaens Annick , Aloi Marina , de Ridder Lissy , Croft Nicholas M , Koletzko Sibylle , Levine Arie , Turner Dan , Russell Richard K , Ruemmele Frank M , Veereman Gigi
Published: November 2020

Background

The REDUCE-RISK trial was set up to compare the effectiveness of weekly subcutaneously administered methotrexate with daily oral azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine in low-risk Crohn disease (CD) or subcutaneously administered adalimumab (ADA) in high-risk CD in a pediatric population (age 6-17 years).

Objective

The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review to provide input into the research protocol to gather the necessary information to improve the performance of an evidence-based economic evaluation when the trial is finished.

Methods

The Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) database, websites of HTA institutes, CRD’s National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database, MEDLINE (OVID), and Embase databases were consulted to retrieve (reviews of) relevant economic evaluations. Studies were eligible if they included a pediatric or adult population with inflammatory bowel diseases (CD and ulcerative colitis [UC]) treated with ADA (Humira). There were no restrictions on the comparator. Only economic evaluations expressing outcomes in life years gained or quality-adjusted life years gained were selected.

Results

A total of 12 primary studies were identified. None of these studies included a pediatric population because of a lack of supporting trials. The economic evaluations identified in our systematic review indicate that ADA is an appropriate intervention for inclusion in such a trial. From a health economic point of view, it is important to make an incremental analysis comparing such an intervention with standard care and not immediately versus another (expensive) biological treatment. Information on the impact of children’s school attendance and parents’ productivity is currently lacking in economic evaluations, and none of the underlying trials measured quality of life (QoL) using a generic utility instrument.

Conclusions

The review of the economic literature on ADA for the treatment of patients with CD supports the performance of a trial with biologicals in pediatric patients, including making a distinction according to disease severity. Conducting an economic literature review enabled us to decide which variables should be added to the research protocol from an economic point of view. Measurements for children’s and parents’ QoL (EuroQol 5-Dimension questionnaires), children’s school attendance, and parents’ productivity (WPAI-CD-CG questionnaire) were added to the research protocol. This will provide support for the calculation of the cost-effectiveness of the interventions evaluated in the REDUCE-RISK trial.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02852694; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02852694
Patterns of Use of Smartphone-Based Interventions Among Latina Breast Cancer Survivors: Secondary Analysis of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Baik Sharon H , Oswald Laura B , Buscemi Joanna , Buitrago Diana , Iacobelli Francisco , Perez-Tamayo Alejandra , Guitelman Judith , Penedo Frank J , Yanez Betina
Published: November 2020

Background

Latina breast cancer survivors experience poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL), greater symptom burden, and more psychosocial needs compared to non-Latina breast cancer survivors. eHealth platforms such as smartphone apps are increasingly being used to deliver psychosocial interventions to cancer survivors. However, few psychosocial eHealth interventions have been developed specifically for Latina breast cancer survivors. Further, little is known about how Latinas, in general, engage with eHealth interventions and whether specific participant characteristics are associated with app use in this population. We evaluated the use of 2 culturally informed, evidence-based smartphone apps for Latina breast cancer survivors—one that was designed to improve HRQoL and reduce symptom burden (My Guide) and the other to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors (My Health).

Objective

The objectives of our study were to explore the patterns of use of the My Guide intervention app and My Health attention-control app among Latina breast cancer survivors.

Methods

Eighty Latina breast cancer survivors were randomized to use the My Guide or My Health app for 6 weeks. Assessments were collected at baseline (T1), immediately after the 6-week intervention (T2), and 2 weeks after T2 (T3). Specific study outcomes included subdomains of HRQoL, symptom burden, cancer-specific distress, cancer-relevant self-efficacy, and breast cancer knowledge.

Results

On average, participants used their assigned app for more than 1 hour per week. Sociodemographic or psychological characteristics were not significantly associated with app use, except for employment status in the My Health group. Content related to common physical and emotional symptoms of breast cancer survivors as well as recommendations for nutrition and physical activity were most frequently accessed by My Guide and My Health participants, respectively. Lastly, clinically meaningful improvements were demonstrated in breast cancer well-being among low app users (ie, <60 minutes of use/week) of My Guide and social well-being among high app users (ie, ≥60 minutes of use/week) of My Health.

Conclusions

The favorable rates of participant use across both apps suggest that Latina breast cancer survivors are interested in the content delivered across both My Guide and My Health. Furthermore, since sociodemographic variables, excluding employment status, and baseline HRQoL (psychological variable) were not related to app use, My Guide and My Health may be accessible to diverse Latina breast cancer survivors.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03645005; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03645005
Stakeholder Feedback of Electronic Medication Adherence Products: Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Faisal Sadaf , Ivo Jessica , McDougall Aidan , Patel Tejal
Published: November 2020

Background

Medication management among older adults continues to be a challenge, and innovative electronic medication adherence products have been developed to address this need.

Objective

The aim of this study is to examine user experience with electronic medication adherence products, with particular emphasis on features, usefulness, and preferences.

Methods

Older adults, caregivers, and health care providers tested the usability of 22 electronic medication adherence products. After testing 5 products, participants were invited to participate in a one-on-one interview to investigate their perceptions and experiences with the features, usefulness, and preference for electronic medication adherence products tested. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using exploratory inductive coding to generate themes. The first 13 interviews were independently coded by 2 researchers. The percentage agreement and Cohen kappa after analyzing those interviews were 79% and 0.79, respectively. A single researcher analyzed the remaining interviews.

Results

Of the 37 participants, 21 (57%) were older adults, 5 (14%) were caregivers, and 11 (30%) were health care providers. The themes and subthemes generated from the qualitative analysis included product factors (subthemes: simplicity and product features, including availability and usability of alarms, portability, restricted access to medications, and storage capacity) and user factors (subthemes: sentiment, affordability, physical and cognitive capability, and technology literacy and learnability).

Conclusions

Electronic medication adherence products have the potential to enable independent medication management in older adults. The choice of a particular product should be made after considering individual preferences for product features, affordability, and the sentiment of the users. Older adults, caregivers, and health care providers prefer electronic medication adherence products that are simple to set up and use, are portable, have easy-to-access medication compartments, are secure, and have adequate storage capacity.
Limitations of Deep Learning Attention Mechanisms in Clinical Research: Empirical Case Study Based on the Korean Diabetic Disease Setting
Authors: Kim Junetae , Lee Sangwon , Hwang Eugene , Ryu Kwang Sun , Jeong Hanseok , Lee Jae Wook , Hwangbo Yul , Choi Kui Son , Cha Hyo Soung
Published: November 2020

Background

Despite excellent prediction performance, noninterpretability has undermined the value of applying deep-learning algorithms in clinical practice. To overcome this limitation, attention mechanism has been introduced to clinical research as an explanatory modeling method. However, potential limitations of using this attractive method have not been clarified to clinical researchers. Furthermore, there has been a lack of introductory information explaining attention mechanisms to clinical researchers.

Objective

The aim of this study was to introduce the basic concepts and design approaches of attention mechanisms. In addition, we aimed to empirically assess the potential limitations of current attention mechanisms in terms of prediction and interpretability performance.

Methods

First, the basic concepts and several key considerations regarding attention mechanisms were identified. Second, four approaches to attention mechanisms were suggested according to a two-dimensional framework based on the degrees of freedom and uncertainty awareness. Third, the prediction performance, probability reliability, concentration of variable importance, consistency of attention results, and generalizability of attention results to conventional statistics were assessed in the diabetic classification modeling setting. Fourth, the potential limitations of attention mechanisms were considered.

Results

Prediction performance was very high for all models. Probability reliability was high in models with uncertainty awareness. Variable importance was concentrated in several variables when uncertainty awareness was not considered. The consistency of attention results was high when uncertainty awareness was considered. The generalizability of attention results to conventional statistics was poor regardless of the modeling approach.

Conclusions

The attention mechanism is an attractive technique with potential to be very promising in the future. However, it may not yet be desirable to rely on this method to assess variable importance in clinical settings. Therefore, along with theoretical studies enhancing attention mechanisms, more empirical studies investigating potential limitations should be encouraged.
Automated Diagnosis of Various Gastrointestinal Lesions Using a Deep Learning–Based Classification and Retrieval Framework With a Large Endoscopic Database: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Owais Muhammad , Arsalan Muhammad , Mahmood Tahir , Kang Jin Kyu , Park Kang Ryoung
Published: November 2020

Background

The early diagnosis of various gastrointestinal diseases can lead to effective treatment and reduce the risk of many life-threatening conditions. Unfortunately, various small gastrointestinal lesions are undetectable during early-stage examination by medical experts. In previous studies, various deep learning–based computer-aided diagnosis tools have been used to make a significant contribution to the effective diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. However, most of these methods were designed to detect a limited number of gastrointestinal diseases, such as polyps, tumors, or cancers, in a specific part of the human gastrointestinal tract.

Objective

This study aimed to develop a comprehensive computer-aided diagnosis tool to assist medical experts in diagnosing various types of gastrointestinal diseases.

Methods

Our proposed framework comprises a deep learning–based classification network followed by a retrieval method. In the first step, the classification network predicts the disease type for the current medical condition. Then, the retrieval part of the framework shows the relevant cases (endoscopic images) from the previous database. These past cases help the medical expert validate the current computer prediction subjectively, which ultimately results in better diagnosis and treatment.

Results

All the experiments were performed using 2 endoscopic data sets with a total of 52,471 frames and 37 different classes. The optimal performances obtained by our proposed method in accuracy, F1 score, mean average precision, and mean average recall were 96.19%, 96.99%, 98.18%, and 95.86%, respectively. The overall performance of our proposed diagnostic framework substantially outperformed state-of-the-art methods.

Conclusions

This study provides a comprehensive computer-aided diagnosis framework for identifying various types of gastrointestinal diseases. The results show the superiority of our proposed method over various other recent methods and illustrate its potential for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Our proposed network can be applicable to other classification domains in medical imaging, such as computed tomography scans, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound sequences.
Novel Assessments of Technical and Nontechnical Cardiac Surgery Quality: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Likosky Donald , Yule Steven J , Mathis Michael R , Dias Roger D , Corso Jason J , Zhang Min , Krein Sarah L , Caldwell Matthew D , Louis Nathan , Janda Allison M , Shah Nirav J , Pagani Francis D , Stakich-Alpirez Korana , Manojlovich Milisa M
Published: November 2020

Background

Of the 150,000 patients annually undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, 35% develop complications that increase mortality 5 fold and expenditure by 50%. Differences in patient risk and operative approach explain only 2% of hospital variations in some complications. The intraoperative phase remains understudied as a source of variation, despite its complexity and amenability to improvement.

Objective

The objectives of this study are to (1) investigate the relationship between peer assessments of intraoperative technical skills and nontechnical practices with risk-adjusted complication rates and (2) evaluate the feasibility of using computer-based metrics to automate the assessment of important intraoperative technical skills and nontechnical practices.

Methods

This multicenter study will use video recording, established peer assessment tools, electronic health record data, registry data, and a high-dimensional computer vision approach to (1) investigate the relationship between peer assessments of surgeon technical skills and variability in risk-adjusted patient adverse events; (2) investigate the relationship between peer assessments of intraoperative team-based nontechnical practices and variability in risk-adjusted patient adverse events; and (3) use quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the feasibility of using objective, data-driven, computer-based assessments to automate the measurement of important intraoperative determinants of risk-adjusted patient adverse events.

Results

The project has been funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in 2019 (R01HL146619). Preliminary Institutional Review Board review has been completed at the University of Michigan by the Institutional Review Boards of the University of Michigan Medical School.

Conclusions

We anticipate that this project will substantially increase our ability to assess determinants of variation in complication rates by specifically studying a surgeon’s technical skills and operating room team member nontechnical practices. These findings may provide effective targets for future trials or quality improvement initiatives to enhance the quality and safety of cardiac surgical patient care.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/22536
Factors Related to the Behavior of People Who Have Never Used the Internet for Voluntary Reasons: Cross-Sectional Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Park Keeho
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

If there are people who do not want to use the internet despite having the circumstances and conditions for using it, another policy consideration will be needed.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors related to the behavior of people who do not voluntarily use the internet.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2018. It used a proportional quota random sampling design to select a representative sample of Koreans. Accordingly, 6150 participants were included in the study. Multiple logistic regression methods were used to explore the predicting factors of the act of voluntarily not using the internet.

RESULTS

Age, education level, bonding and bridging social capitals, and daily life satisfaction for health status were found to be factors related to the behavior of not voluntarily using the internet. However, gender, household income, occupation, family size, and community type were not related to voluntary nonuse of the internet.

CONCLUSIONS

It was found that sociodemographic factors, such as age and education level, which are difficult to modify, along with psychosocial factors located deeper than the visible living conditions, such as social capital and life satisfaction, are involved in voluntary internet nonuse. These results also suggest that it is not desirable to proceed with policies related to information and communications technology on a separate track, but rather that they should be comprehensively approached with other social policies that design various social interventions in order to enhance equity within the society.
Monitoring the Spatial Spread of COVID-19 and Effectiveness of Control Measures Through Human Movement Data: Proposal for a Predictive Model Using Big Data Analytics (Preprint)
Authors: Li Zhenlong , Li Xiaoming , Porter Dwayne , Zhang Jiajia , Jiang Yuqin , Olatosi Bankole , Weissman Sharon
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Human movement is one of the forces that drive the spatial spread of infectious diseases. To date, reducing and tracking human movement during the COVID-19 pandemic has proven effective in limiting the spread of the virus. Existing methods for monitoring and modeling the spatial spread of infectious diseases rely on various data sources as proxies of human movement, such as airline travel data, mobile phone data, and banknote tracking. However, intrinsic limitations of these data sources prevent us from systematic monitoring and analyses of human movement on different spatial scales (from local to global).

OBJECTIVE

Big data from social media such as geotagged tweets have been widely used in human mobility studies, yet more research is needed to validate the capabilities and limitations of using such data for studying human movement at different geographic scales (eg, from local to global) in the context of global infectious disease transmission. This study aims to develop a novel data-driven public health approach using big data from Twitter coupled with other human mobility data sources and artificial intelligence to monitor and analyze human movement at different spatial scales (from global to regional to local).

METHODS

We will first develop a database with optimized spatiotemporal indexing to store and manage the multisource data sets collected in this project. This database will be connected to our in-house Hadoop computing cluster for efficient big data computing and analytics. We will then develop innovative data models, predictive models, and computing algorithms to effectively extract and analyze human movement patterns using geotagged big data from Twitter and other human mobility data sources, with the goal of enhancing situational awareness and risk prediction in public health emergency response and disease surveillance systems.

RESULTS

This project was funded as of May 2020. We have started the data collection, processing, and analysis for the project.

CONCLUSIONS

Research findings can help government officials, public health managers, emergency responders, and researchers answer critical questions during the pandemic regarding the current and future infectious risk of a state, county, or community and the effectiveness of social/physical distancing practices in curtailing the spread of the virus.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/24432
Quality of internet information according to language search on childhood Cancer (Preprint)
Authors: Cuan-Baltazar Yunam , Muñóz-Pérez Maria José , Soto Vega Elena
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

Background: Health information on the internet could vary its quality given that nowadays it is easy for everyone to spread information on the internet even if it is not reliable. Also, one factor that could influence the quality of the information is the language in which it is presented. Parents of children with cancer tend to search for their children´s disease on the internet, and this could affect the decisions the parents take concerning their children´s treatment

OBJECTIVE

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the quality of pediatric cancer information on the internet provided in English and Spanish languages

METHODS

Methods: Three different quality engines were used, JAMA benchmarks, DISCERN and HONcode to assess English and Spanish websites.

RESULTS

Results: : DISCERN scores were significantly different between English and Spanish websites (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0.001), JAMA benchmarks show a difference between English and Spanish websites (Chi2 test, p=0.009), but HONcode was no different between groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusions: English websites had a better information quality than Spanish websites.
Parents’ and Students’ Perceptions of Telepractice Services for Speech-Language Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lam Joseph Hin Yan , Lee Stephen Man Kit , Tong Xiuli
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the suspension of face-to-face classes and a considerable increase in the use of telepractice services in speech-language pathology. However, little is known about parents’ and students’ satisfaction with telepractice services and their preferences for different service delivery modes. These factors may affect therapy effectiveness and the future adoption of telepractice.

OBJECTIVE

We evaluated students’ and parents’ perceptions of telepractice efficacy and their preferences for different service delivery modes (ie, on-site practice vs telepractice). We also identified factors that affect parents’ and students’ preferences for different service delivery modes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

A 19-question survey on telepractice satisfaction and preferences was administered to 41 Hong Kong Chinese students and 85 parents who received telepractice services from school-based speech-language pathologists during the COVID-19 class suspension period. In addition to providing demographic information and data on the implementation of telepractice services, all participants were asked to rate their perceptions of the efficacy of telepractice services and compare on-site practices to telepractice on a 5-point Likert scale (ie, 1=strongly disagree/prefer the use of on-site speech-language therapy services and 5=strongly agree/prefer the use of telepractice services).

RESULTS

Despite the fact that telepractice efficacy was highly rated by parents (95% CI 3.30-3.66) and students (95% CI 3.21-3.76), both groups believed that telepractice was less effective than on-site practices (parents: 95% CI 2.14-2.52; students: 95% CI 2.08-2.65). Moreover, parents preferred on-site practices over telepractice (95% CI 2.04-2.43), whereas students did not prefer one mode of practice over the other (95% CI 2.74-3.41). A significant association between telepractice efficacy and a preference for telepractice services was found only among the students (τ=.43, P<.001), not the parents (τ=.07; P=.44).

CONCLUSIONS

Although telepractice is an acceptable alternative service delivery option for providing speech and language therapy services to school-aged individuals, speech-language therapists and parents must play a more proactive role in telepractice services to facilitate effective communication between clinicians and parents.
Juan Gabriel Vásquez y Gustavo Guerrero. Conversación
Authors: Inniger Esther , Vásquez Juan Gabriel , Guerrero Gustavo
Published: November 2020

Este artículo ofrece la transcripción de una entrevista entre el escritor colombiano Juan Gabriel Vásquez y el crítico Gustavo Guerrero. La transcripción se basa en la grabación (disponible en línea) del encuentro celebrado en la Universidad de Berna en mayo de 2017. A partir de citas sacadas de la obra narrativa del escritor, Guerrero y Vásquez se entretuvieron durante algo más de una hora sobre algunos de los motivos que están en el origen del proyecto literario de Vásquez, que se deja leer como (auto)confrontación con la historia de Colombia.
Y-cidad: los múltiples sentidos de «y»
Authors: Bal Mieke
Published: November 2020

Las refl exiones sobre el arte político deben tener en cuenta las dos partes del sintagma –no solo político, sino también arte–. Mediante ejemplos de un poderoso arte contemporáneo políticamente comprometido, el artículo concluye que el arte político no es tanto activista como activador. En lugar de buscar la participación en asuntos políticos, tal arte busca afectar a los observadores y así hacerlos sensibles a lo que el arte puede hacer por la vida social.
El espejo del retrato: el conde de Rebolledo y sus dedicatarias
Authors: Cárdenas Luna Rocío , Ruiz Pérez Pedro
Published: November 2020

El análisis de la propuesta iconográfi ca y discursiva de los retratos de Rebolledo y de sus dedicatarias incluidos en sus textos parte de la consideración de la naturaleza misma del proyecto editorial del conde y su relación con una trayectoria vital de tareas diplomáticas fuera de España. En su consideración se tienen en cuenta, junto a la sistematicidad de su aparición y la singularidad del diálogo autor/dedicatario, la gramática visual de los grabados y la peculiar relación con los de las reinas de Suecia y Dinamarca. Junto a lo relativo a la afirmación autorial, se avanza la conclusión de que, frente al modelo más tradicional de relaciones que se mantiene en el retrato y la dedicatoria a Felipe IV, el diálogo con Cristina y Sofía Amalia abre renovados espacios de lectura.
William Ritter entre la race et le sang : une exploration romanesque et ethnographique
Authors: Fianco Fabiana
Published: November 2020

Dans ses souvenirs, William Ritter affirme avoir toujours eu une « âme inquiète » et avoir aimé « tout ce qui n’était pas l’endroit présent, tout ce qui était ailleurs et au plus lointain ailleurs possible ». Constamment attiré par « la passion de la planète » et par l’étranger, il a ainsi joué un rôle essentiel dans la découverte et la divulgation des cultures les plus ignorées et parfois les moins appréciées par ses contemporains. Le présent article explore le discours ethnographique de Ritter, qui révèle sa conception de la race, ses convictions antisémites et son rapport au sang et à sa symbolique. Il s’attache à montrer que la race est souvent pour Ritter un stéréotype assez figé, tant dans son écriture romanesque que dans ses rêves d’une édification nationale fondée sur le folklore.

Keywords: race, sang, slavité, antisémitisme, nationalisme
«Oh misero Torquato!», «Dispera / l’ultima volta», «Nec miser vive, / sed obstinata mente perfer, obdura». Confronto di alcuni versi di "Ad Angelo Mai", "A se stesso" e Catullo VIII
Authors: Rossi Orts Chiara
Published: November 2020

L’articolo analizza i legami tematici e strutturali esistenti tra alcune parti di Ad Angelo Mai (in particolare le strofe 7, 8 e 9) e A se stesso, ossia i testi che danno inizio e fine all’evoluzione della tematica delle illusioni all’interno dei Canti. Riconosciuto questo rapporto, si ipotizza un nesso tra la canzone del 1820 e il carme VIII di Catullo, recentemente individuato come modello per A se stesso e probabilmente già presente durante la stesura di Ad Angelo Mai, anche se con diversa funzione.

Keywords: Giacomo Leopardi, illusioni, Ad Angelo Mai, A se stesso, Catullo.
"Uno di quella gente condor": prime ipotesi sull’apprendistato poetico di Franco Beltrametti
Authors: Ambrosino Marco
Published: November 2020

L’opera letteraria di Franco Beltrametti è composta da piccole edizioni a tiratura limitata e da uno svariato numero di pubblicazioni in rivista. Una produzione assai diversificata ha reso la sua poetica sfuggente, difficilmente collocabile all’interno di un unico movimento poetico riconoscibile, producendo di fatto pochi studi al riguardo. L’articolo intende concentrarsi sui materiali d’archivio relativi all’apprendistato poetico di Beltrametti e alla sua opera d’esordio, Uno di quella gente condor (1970), con l’intenzione di indagare quanto le esperienze maturate in Giappone e in California abbiano inciso sulla sua prima pubblicazione.

Keywords: Franco Beltrametti, Uno di quella gente condor, Beat Generation, Archivio svizzero di letteratura (ASL), Haiku.
Indagini tra le carte di Giovanni Orelli. Sulla genesi del romanzo "Il sogno di Walacek"
Authors: Cordibella Giovanna
Published: November 2020

Il saggio si propone di illustrare alcuni risultati emersi dallo studio delle carte del fondo di Giovanni Orelli presso l’Archivio svizzero di letteratura (ASL). Dopo un’introduzione dedicata alla storia del fondo, vengono sottoposti ad analisi alcuni materiali avantestuali del quarto romanzo di Orelli, Il sogno di Walacek, al fine di dare rilievo al profilarsi – fin dai più antichi appunti e abbozzi – di un aspetto peculiare dell’opera: l’istituzione nella prosa orelliana di frequenti riferimenti intermediali, ben documentati anche dalle carte d’archivio, nelle quali numerosi sono i rimandi al quadro Alphabet I di Paul Klee.

Keywords: archivio, Il sogno di Walacek, intermedialità, Paul Klee.
El juego del título en la poesía de Eduardo García
Authors: Ruiz Pérez Pedro
Published: November 2020

Desde Las cartas marcadas (1993) a Duermevela (2014), la poesía de Eduardo García (1965-2016) traza un recorrido muy sintomático de la poética hispana del cambio de siglo, desde el entorno de la poesía de la experiencia a la experiencia de los límites donde la realidad se desdobla. A lo largo de sus seis poemarios, intercalados por un manual de escritura y un ensayo de poética, el manejo de los mecanismos del título (del poema y del libro) se revela, más allá de la condición de síntoma, como un factor agente en el juego de hacer versos, sin que en este punto suponga variación el desplazamiento de la mirada de las Moralidades de Gil de Biedma al Don de la ebriedad de Claudio Rodríguez.

Keywords: Eduardo García, título, poética, crítica genética
Título, paratexto, texto y contexto en la poesía española de los 80: Felipe Benítez Reyes
Authors: Morales Barba Rafael
Published: November 2020

Encontrar alguna preceptiva sólida que establezca vinculaciones fiables entre título y texto es prácticamente imposible, salvo desde una pragmática y contextos internos en el autor y una época. Paratextos, prólogos, trayectorias y lecturas, afinidades, generan a su vez pistas de interpretación, más que certezas. En los años 80 existen demasiadas poéticas como para establecer vinculaciones comunes desde esta perspectiva salvo entre grupos afines. Esa vinculación, pese a las contigüidades se diluye en ocasiones con temas como la luna, intergeneracionales, tal y como hacemos al mirar sucintamente la obra de Alberti y Benítez desde la coincidencia de asuntos.

Keywords: Poesía, 1980, luna, elegía, tiempo, lírica, Felipe Benítez Reyes
Le roman comme une possibilité d’une expérience fantasmée
Authors: Gaetzi Claudine
Published: November 2020

Pascale Kramer considère le roman comme un modèle expérimental qui lui permet de répondre à des interrogations existentielles. Dans Le Bateau sec (1997) et L’Implacable Brutalité du réveil (2017), elle se focalise sur le personnage d’une mère confrontée à des difficultés dans sa relation avec sa fille. Dans les deux romans apparaît un écart troublant entre le savoir de la voix narrative et le savoir des personnages. Le personnage semble tantôt ne pas saisir ce que la voix narrative analyse avec précision, tantôt capable d’exprimer ce qu’il ressent d’une manière quasi autonome. Le roman peut-il répondre aux questions qui préoccupent Pascale Kramer ? La fiction n’aurait-elle pas plutôt pour fonction de nous faire vivre des affects fantasmatiques, tout en laissant les interrogations ouvertes ?

Keywords : Pascale Kramer, fiction, modèle expérimental, interrogations, maternité, affects