bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Democratising intersectionality? participatory structures and equality policies in Portugal
Authors: Alonso Alvarez Alba , Arnaut Catarina
Published: June 2017

Scholarly work on intersectionality has shown some concern on whether this policy strategy is implemented in a participatory manner. The case of Portugal has been of particular interest since the country features a long tradition of involving civil society in the making of equality policies. This article revisits the Portuguese case in order to analyse recent developments. First, the participatory and coordinated approach adopted so far to deal with inequalities is described. Second, the analysis focuses on gender-based violence policies to help capturing new advancements. These policies have been recently enlarged to tackle the situation of women at the intersections and civil society actors have been actively involved in the policy-making process. In particular, the case of policies to combat female genital mutilation illustrates how participatory structures contribute to bring an intersectional perspective. The analysis of the Portuguese case allows thus reflecting on the potential benefits of democratising intersectionality as well as its limits.
Feminicidios con perspectiva de género. un análisis interseccional de "The fall" (La caza)
Authors: Aguado Peláez Delicia
Published: June 2017

El presente texto se acerca al thriller policiaco The Fall bajo una mirada interseccional que, a través del Análisis de Contenido, permite conocer si este serial promueve la inclusividad, especialmente en torno al género, y, con ello, la democratización del campo mediático. Un campo que, en numerosas ocasiones, (re)produce la universalidad del sujeto político normativo ‑ese varón blanco, heterosexual, independiente, de clases medias-altas...‑, mientras margina al resto de realidades y voces. En conclusión, se puede destacar que esta producción británica, a través de la heroína principal y de su contexto, apuesta por una ruptura del androcentrismo tan típicamente noir en favor de una narración con un trasfondo feminista que problematiza la violencia de género en todas sus dimensiones.
Dificultades de los investigadores españoles para publicar en revistas internacionales: métricas, editores y multilingüismo
Authors: López Navarro Irene , Moreno Fernández Ana I. , Rey Rocha Jesús
Published: June 2017

En el ámbito de la comunicación científica, distintos idiomas -como el alemán, el francés o el inglés- han alcanzado a lo largo de la historia el estatus de lenguas vehiculares. Sin embargo, la ciencia contemporánea ha asistido a un notable incremento del uso del inglés para fines académicos, de modo que, hoy en día, los registros científicos escritos en otras lenguas son cada vez más escasos. Como consecuencia, este hecho ha puesto de manifiesto algunas dificultades y desigualdades a las que se enfrentan los investigadores no anglófonos a la hora de desarrollar su actividad profesional en un contexto que perpetúa el inglés como lengua franca en la comunicación científica. Asimismo, ha dado origen a un cambio en las pautas de publicación de los investigadores asociado a las diferentes actitudes relacionadas con la elección de la lengua en la que comunican sus resultados. En este trabajo realizamos una revisión del estado de la cuestión y analizamos los datos disponibles procedentes de los principales trabajos que se han realizado sobre el caso español, así como en otros contextos no anglófonos. Finalmente, se extraen a modo de conclusión las principales implicaciones pedagógicas, económicas y políticas sobre esta cuestión.
El camino de una publicación tecnocientífica: sociología y tecnociencia
Authors: Valero-Matas Jesús Alberto , Romay Coca Juan
Published: June 2017

El presente artículo aborda el análisis de la trayectoria de la revista Sociología y Tecnociencia que los autores pusieron en escena en enero del año 2010. Realiza un relato de los diferentes aspectos que han caracterizado estos años de andadura de dicha revista, poniendo de relieve las dificultades y alegrías por los que ha ido atravesando la publicación, así como las personas que han colaborado y ayudado a que dicha revista tenga un lugar en el campo de la ciencia y tecnología sociológica.
La praxis de la excelencia universitaria entre la paranoia de sus promotores y la culpa de sus víctimas: hacia la recuperación del deseo docente y la universidad pública
Authors: Rodríguez Victoriano José Manuel
Published: June 2017

Hasta 2015 la universidad de Valencia era la única universidad pública del Estado español que no había aprobado el programa Docentia. Dicho programa apareció en 2006, en el escenario de la integración del sistema universitario español en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). La Agencia Nacional de la Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación (ANECA) propuso/impuso al conjunto de las universidades públicas españolas un nuevo programa que desde la aplicación de los criterios de la razón neoliberal (Dardot y Laval; 2013) perseguía controlar y gestionar, en términos básicamente empresariales, la actividad docente. Este trabajo sitúa dicho programa en el proceso de mercantilización de la universidad pública española donde conviven a la par la zanahoria de la excelencia y el palo de la precariedad laboral y docente, la paranoia de la excelencia y la culpa de sus víctimas. Utiliza el ejemplo de la Universidad de Valencia para mostrar respuestas docentes y sindicales alternativas. A continuación, se sostiene que la recuperación de la universidad pública entendida como un ‘bien común’, así como del deseo docente (Colina, 2015) pasa por reactivar movimientos universitarios de contestación ideológica y de resistencia práctica. Algunos ejemplos son el denominado ‘Indocentia’ promovido por profesores y estudiantes de la Universidad de Valencia o el ‘Desexcelencia’ surgido en las universidades públicas francesas. Sostenemos que frente a la arbitrariedad de las imposiciones de la ANECA que degradan la docencia y la subordinan a la investigación es necesario dignificar la docencia.
Networking de conocimiento en sociología: análisis de redes de blogs, vídeos de youtube y comentarios en twitter sobre sociología
Authors: Cárdenas Julián
Published: June 2017

Aunque los estudios sobre la producción de conocimiento científico han crecido ampliamente en los últimos años con la cienciometría y bibliometría, poco se ha investigado sobre otras fuentes alternativas de producción y divulgación de conocimiento como blogs, vídeos de YouTube y comentarios en Twitter. Estas fuentes online de conocimiento cobran especial relevancia en disciplinas como la Sociología, donde algunos académicos buscan acercar el conocimiento sociológico a la población general. Para explorar qué conocimiento sobre Sociología se produce y divulga en estas fuentes online y cómo se organiza, estudiamos la generación de redes de conocimiento (networking de conocimiento) en blogs, vídeos de YouTube y comentarios en Twitter usando la metodología de análisis de redes. Específicamente, la presente investigación analiza las redes de hipervínculos de los principales blogs de Sociología, las redes de las etiquetas de vídeos sobre Sociología alojados en YouTube, y las redes de hashtags en Twitter vinculados con #sociología. Los principales resultados señalan que existe una comunidad de blogs de Sociología cohesionada y fuertemente conectada, hay baja presencia de vídeos sobre Sociología en español, y la Sociología aparece vinculada en Twitter con otras ciencias sociales, autores clásicos y social media.
Effect of cocoa fat content on wetting and surface energy of chocolate
Authors: Lapčí­k Lubomí­r , Lapčí­ková Barbora , Žižková Hana , Li Peng , Vojtekova Viera
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was the quantification of the effect of the cocoa fat content on the wetting characteristics and surface free energy of different chocolate compositions. On the market, there are many different types of chocolate products which differ both in the sensory and physico-chemical properties together with their raw material compositions and the contents of the individual components. This paper focuses on differences in the use of different types of fats - cocoa butter, milk fat, equivalents or cocoa butter substitutes in chocolate products. Studied samples (prepared at Carla, Ltd. Company) were followed by static contact angles of wetting measurements and by calculated surface free energies. There were investigated the effects of fat content and used fat types of the chocolate products on their final wettabilities and resulting surface free energies. There was found a linear dependence between total fat content and the surface free energy, which was gradually increasing with increasing fat content. Additionally, there were performed TG DTG and NIR spectrometry measurements of the tested materials with the aim to determine the melting point of studied fats used, as well as to determine and identify individual fat components of chocolate products which may affect the resulting value of surface free energy.
Effect of pumpkin powder incorporation on cooking and sensory parameters of pasta
Authors: Minarovičová Lucia , Lauková Michaela , Kohajdová Zlatica , Karovičová Jolana , Kuchtová Veronika
Published: June 2017

Pasta is commonly consumed and low glycaemic cereal-based food with long shelf life, which is suitable food matrix for substitution with functional ingredients. Pumpkin powder can be considered as suitable component in pasta making. The effect of addition of pumpkin powder at different levels (5, 7.5, and 10%) on wheat dough rheology, cooking quality of pasta as well as on sensory properties was evaluated. Pumpkin powder included: 6.1% moisture, 8.2%, protein, 0.7% crude fat, 2.3% ash, 27.4% total dietary fiber which is included soluble (10.2%) and insoluble (17.2%) dietary fiber. Farinograph properties of pumpkin powder incorporated dough showed increase in water absorption and dough development time while dough stability and mixing tolerance indes were decreased. It was also observed that addition of pumpkin powder significantly altered cooking quality of pasta. Generally, pasta incorporated with pumpkin powder had shorter optimal cooking time. The shortest optimal time (5.9 min) was after addition of 10% of pumpkin powder compared with control pasta (7.0 min). From the results also concluded that addition of pumpkin powder significantly increased cooking loss. The highest cooking loss (6.6%) was after addition 10% pumpkin powder. Furthermore it could be stated that incorporation of pumpkin powder in pasta increased water absorption of pasta from 181.0% (control) to 211.2% (10% of pumpkin powder). From sensory evaluation resulted that pumpkin powder incorporated pasta were characterized by lower colour, flavor and grain taste. On the other hand vegetable taste and granular structure of pasta increased with higher addition level of pumpkin powder. Moreover, it was concluded that pasta with addition level 10% were the most acceptable for accesors.
Somatic cell count in milk of individual lacaune ewes under practical conditions in slovakia: possible effect on milk yield and its composition
Authors: Tančin Vladimí­r , Uhrinčať Michal , Mačuhová Lucia , Baranovič Štefan , Vršková Martina
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to describe the health status of udder through analysis of somati cell count (SCC) in milk of Lacaune breed. The study was conducted at five Slovak farms. Milk yield recordings and milk samples were taken from March till August by certificated organisation for milk recording, where also milk analysis on SCC was processed. In total 1192 samples were analysed. Milk samples were divided into the five categories on the basis of SCC: SCC <0.2 × 106, between 0.2 - 0.4 × 106, 0.4 - 0.6 × 106, 0.6 - 1 × 106 and >106 cells.mL-1. Animals were divided into seven stages of lactation (first: 30-60 days of lactation and then each following 30 days a further group of lactation stage was considered). The Mixed model with Scheffe's analysis as a post hoc test was used. SCC on farm 3 was highest (5.80 ±0.04 log SCC mL-1) as compared with others farms (p <0.05). Significant effect of farms on milk yield demonstrates different level of farm management. Between farm 1 and 3 the differences in milk yield per milking is more than double. Frequency of distribution of milk samples was 53.36%, 13.93%, 6.29%, 7.21% and 19.21% for different categories respectively. In category >106 cells.mL-1 the highest percentage was on farm 4 (33.57%) and lowest on farm 2 (8.06%) though more representative percentage was on farm 5 (12.05%) due to larger number of animals. The negative effect of high SCC on milk yield was observed in all farms. Data also revealed that main part of individual milk samples had SCC below 0.6 × 106 cells.mL-1 which could be an important argument for future legislative establishment of limits for SCC in ewe's milk.
The Contribution of Swaziland Dairy Board on Dairy Farmers’ Productivity: A Case of Mbabane Sub-Region, Swaziland
Authors: Masango P. S. , Rugambisa J. I. , Singh A. S. , Kibirige D.
Published: June 2017

The Swaziland Dairy Board (SDB) was established under the Act No. 28 of 1968 to promote increased dairy production to satisfy the domestic and export market. Despite numerous efforts of SDB through its dairy policy goals, Swaziland is failing to achieve self-sufficiency in liquid milk production, and can hardly sustain its local demand. Therefore, the study aimed at establishing the contribution of SDB policy goals on smallholder dairy farmers’ productivity. Primary data was collected from 120 dairy farmers through the use of a structured questionnaire in the Mbabane sub-region. The study characterized dairy farmers as mostly male (57%) who are aged above 55 years and married (88%), attained secondary education(48%) with farming experience of 4 years, milking averagely 2 cows per day, and each cow yielding averagely 10 litres and 13 litres per day for non-SDB and SDB members, respectively. The results further revealed that farmers trained by SDB were practicing more of the recommended animal husbandry practices compared to non-SDB farmers. Moreover, the SDB farmer’s milk yields were higher than non-SDB farmers at 10% significant level, although SDB farmers’ milk productivity is still regarded relatively low. Factors influencing productivity of milk among small holder dairy farmers included sex of the farmer, age, dairy sales incomes, number of milking cows, market distance, use of supplementary feed, dairy records keeping and the breeding system. Therefore, local milk production can increase if the stakeholders in the dairy industry can adopt SDB policy strategies, dairy related services and good livestock husbandry practices.
Assessment of Paddy Soil Quality Index Based on Differences in the Productivity of Paddy in Wonogiri Regency
Authors: Darsowiyono Supriyadi , Rosariastuti Retno , Pranoto Pranoto , Okvitasari Fitria
Published: June 2017

Rice or paddy is a staple food in some countries. The need for food is huge as the population growth increase, in Wonogiri regency majority of the land area is used as paddy field and land intensification is done to improve productivity. Land intensification raises the issues of having no definitive measure about the status of soil improvement after the cultivation practices of Paddy (Oryza sativa) has been done, in addition, the diversity of age utilization of paddy field by farmers resulting the differences in productivity that will affect the quality difference of the paddy field soil. The assessment is aimed to determine the soil quality function whether it’s good or bad after doing such land cultivation practices for a certain period. The assessment of soil quality is using data analysis method from the influential indicators based on the nature of at least the Minimum Data Set (MDS) that is obtained based on calculations of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Indicators that affect, such as, C-Organic,Bulk Density, K-Available, N-Total, and average soil quality were obtained at all points of the sample with a diverse range of values. With the known SQI values, in the future the efforts to maintain and improve the quality of the soil can be done by considering several important factors.
Land use and land cover mapping and identification of misuse in the permanent preservation areas in the Tailândia Municipality - PA
Authors: Gurgel Rosana Sumiya , Farias Paulo Roberto Silva , Oliveira Sandro Nunes de
Published: June 2017

The objective of this study is to expand the mapping of land use and land cover, as well as of the permanent preservation areas (PPAs), and identify land misuse areas in the PPAs in the Tailândia municipality in the state of Pará, which is part of the Amazon biome. Remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems (GIS) were used to achieve these goals. Mapping and classification for the year 2012 were made by visual interpretation of images obtained from the RapidEye satellite, which has a 5 m spatial resolution. In this work, we identified nine classes of land use and land cover. From the hydrography vectors it was possible to determinate the Permanent Preservation Areas of the bodies of water according to the environmental legislation. Analysis of misuse in the PPAs was made by crossing-checking the land use and land cover data with that of the PPAs. The results show that 53 % of the municipality (2,347.64 km²) is occupied by human activities. Livestock farming is the activity that has most increased the use of area (30 %), followed by altered vegetation (14.6 %) and palm oil (7.2 %). The PPAs have a high percentage of misuse (47.12 %), with livestock being the largest contributor, occupying 26.65 % of the PPAs, followed by altered vegetation (12.64 %) and palm oil (4.29 %). Therefore, the main objective in Tailândia is to reconcile economic activity with sustainable development. It is important to emphasize the partnerships between the government, research institutions, regulatory agencies, states departments and local communities, else it would be impossible to monitor or control an area as vast as the Amazon.
Agronomic performance of the Maciel peach with different rootstocks
Authors: Barreto Caroline Farias , Kirinus Marines Batalha Moreno , Silva Pricila Santos da , Schiavon Carina Radmann , Rombaldi Cesar Valmor , Malgarim Marcelo Barbosa , Fachinello José Carlos
Published: June 2017

The rootstock influences the agronomic performance of fruit plants. In Prunus persica (peach), particularly those varieties produced in Brazil, this relationship is not well understood. We, therefore, set out to evaluate the performance of the peach cultivar Maciel with eight rootstocks, Aldrighi, Capdeboscq, Flordaguard, Nemaguard, Okinawa, Umezeiro, Tsukuba, and Seleção Viamão, planted in 2006 and evaluated in the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons. Phenology of flowering, trunk diameter, canopy volume, fruit number, and yield were evaluated in the field. For the fruit, we evaluated the mass, diameter, color, flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, concentration of total phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and antioxidant activity. Plants from the Aldrighi and Nemaguard rootstocks flowered earlier than plants from the other rootstocks in 2014, and in 2015, flowering was variable in all rootstocks. The cultivar Maciel on Umezeiro had low vigor, trunk diameter, and canopy volume. On Aldrighi, Capdeboscq, Flordaguard, Nemaguard, and Tsukuba this cultivar showed good production rates. The fruit color, flesh firmness, concentration of soluble solids, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, and total carotenoids were influenced by rootstock and harvest.
Biological control of bacterial spot of tomato by saprobe fungi from semi-arid areas of northeastern Brazil
Authors: Peitl Douglas Casaroto , Araujo Felipe Andre , Gonçalves Ricardo Marcelo , Sumida Ciro Hideki , Balbi-Peña Maria Isabel
Published: June 2017

Bacterial spot of tomato, caused by Xanthomonas spp., is a common disease in tomato fields that causes significant economic losses. Due to the difficulty with control of bacterial spot by conventional methods, new techniques such as biological control and induction of resistance are gaining prominence. This study aimed to select saprobe fungi from semi-arid regions of the Brazilian Northeast for the biological control of bacterial spot of tomato. To select the best isolates to control bacterial spot, a greenhouse experiment was initially conducted. Tomato plants (‘Santa Cruz Kada’) were treated with filtrates of 25 saprobe fungi and inoculated three days later with Xanthomonas euvesicatoria. Filtrates of Memnoniella levispora, Periconia hispidula, Zygosporium echinosporum, and Chloridium virescens var. virescens were selected as the most effective. Filtrates and volatile compounds from these four isolates were tested for their antibacterial activity in cultures of X. euvesicatoria and in tomato plants (‘Santa Cruz Kada’) inoculated with X. euvesicatoria. In vitro, the addition of nonvolatile fungal metabolites into the culture medium at 5% and 50% (v/v) inhibited bacterial growth by 28.9% and 53.8%, respectively. The volatile compounds produced by C. virescens var. virescens reduced the number of colony-forming units of X. euvesicatoria by 25.9%. In vivo, all treatments reduced from 62.4 to 71.3% the area under bacterial spot progress curve, showing the same control efficacy as the commercial resistance inducer used as a positive control (acibenzolar-S-methyl). Systemicity of the fungal filtrates was confirmed in a separate experiment, where application of the treatments exclusively to the third leaf decreased the severity of the disease on the fourth leaf (except for C. virescens var. virescens). These results show that M. levispora, P. hispidula, Z. echinosporum, and C. virescens var. virescens are potential biocontrol agents against bacterial spot of tomato. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the disease control mechanisms of saprobe fungi.
Effect of husbandry system on the technical and economic performance of dairy cattle
Authors: Ferrazza Rodrigo De Andrade , Lopes Marcos Aurelio , Bruhn Fábio Raphael Pascoti , Moraes Flavio De , Carvalho Francisval De Melo
Published: June 2017

This study aimed to investigate the effects of husbandry system on the technical and economic performance of dairy farming. Samples included data from 61 dairy farms from the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, which were collected between 2002 and 2011. Farms were categorized by type-pasture-based (PB), semi-confinement (SC), and confinement (C)-and technical and economic indexes were compared. In general, the results indicated indexes that are higher than the average for Brazilian farms but lower than those in other countries or technological farms in other Brazilian regions. Milk production was mainly determined by farm size rather than by productivity indexes. Components of the total and effective operational costs that were most significant were feeding followed by labor. The comparative analysis indicated that, although C systems have technical indexes that are superior to those of the PB and SC systems, economic performance was independent of the intensification level. Thus, pasture systems are potentially competitive, provided that the producers are efficient.
Fermentation kinetics and ruminal parameters of animals fed diets containing Brazil nut cake inclusion levels
Authors: Budel Juliana Cristina de Castro , Ramos Aline Fernanda Oliveira de , Araújo Geisielly Sousa , Lima Alyne Cristina Sodré , Martorano Lucieta Guerreiro , Nahúm Benjamim De Souza , Sousa Luciano Fernandes , Silva André Guimarães Maciel e , Lourenço Junior José De Brito
Published: June 2017

The inclusion effect of 0 (control), 15, 30, 45, 60, and 100% dry matter (DM) of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) cake (BNC) aiming at replacing corn silage was assessed on fermentation kinetics and effective degradability (ED) by means of in vitro gas production at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. A randomized block design was used with six treatments, three blocks, and two replications per block. France’s model was fit to the data. An in vivo experiment, conducted in fistulated ovine, assessed the effects of BNC inclusion levels of 0, 15, 30, and 45% DM replacing corn silage on ruminal parameters. Ruminal fluid samples were collected postprandial at 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 h for determining the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), pH, and N–NH3. A completely randomized design with repeated measures in time was used, with four treatments and three replications. Results of acetate, propionate, butyrate, acetate to propionate ratio, pH, and NH3 were submitted to analysis of variance and regression (linear and quadratic) considering treatment, time and interaction of both. In addition, the F test with a 5% (P < 0.05) significance level was applied to the data. Fermentation kinetics pattern and ED presented a linear decreasing (P < 0.05), which means a decrease in total gas production at each coproduct inclusion level. No interaction effect between treatment and time was observed for total SCFA (P > 0.40), acetic acid (P > 0.41), propionic acid (P > 0.85), butyric acid (P > 0.62) and pH (P > 0.57). BNC replacements of 0, 15, 30 and 45% did not change (P > 0.05) total SCFA concentration, as well as acetic acid concentration in ovine. When including 45% DM of BNC, concentrations (mMol/100 mL) of propionic (P < 0.001) and butyric (P < 0.022) acids was reduced in the ruminal fluid. The highest concentrations at measurement times were observed 4 hours after feeding. The pH values presented a quadratic effect on both inclusion (P < 0.001) and time (P < 0.001). An interaction was observed between treatment and time for N–NH3 concentration (mg/ml) (P < 0.001) and acetic to propionic acids ratio (P < 0.014). Fermentation kinetics was negatively affected by Brazil nut cake inclusion to corn silage-based diet. Therefore, the use of this coproduct is recommended associated with non-structural carbohydrate sources.
Square wave and differential pulse voltammetric methods for the analysis of olivetol at gold electrode
Authors: Bagalkoti Jyoti T. , Pattar Vijay P. , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T.
Published: June 2017

Few electrochemical techniques have been employed for the determination of the powerful antitumor agent olivetol (OLV) in real samples at gold electrode. An intense and well pronounced oxidation peak was obtained at 1.04 V in the phosphate buffer pH 5.0 as the supporting electrolyte. The effects of pH and scan rate on the oxidation peak were studied. The electrochemical behavior of OLV was investigated using cyclic voltammetric (CV), square wave voltammetric (SWV) and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) techniques. In DPV and SWV, the gold electrode showed a good sensitivity for OLV in a linear range of 0.1-1.5 µM and 0.1-1.3 µM and detection limits of 1.936×10-9 M and 4.754×10-9 M, respectively. A plausible mechanism involving an adsorption controlled oxidation reaction was deduced. The effect of various excipients was also studied and the method was successfully applied for the determination of OLV in human biological samples. 
An Evidence-Based Review of Academic Web Search Engines, 2014-2016: Implications for Librarians’ Practice and Research Agenda
Authors: Fagan Jody Condit
Published: June 2017

Academic web search engines have become central to scholarly research. While the fitness of Google Scholar for research purposes has been examined repeatedly, Microsoft Academic and Google Books have not received much attention. Recent studies have much to tell us about the coverage and utility of Google Scholar, its coverage of the sciences, and its utility for evaluating researcher impact. But other aspects have been woefully understudied, such as coverage of the arts and humanities, books, and non-Western, non-English publications. User research has also tapered off. A small number of articles hint at the opportunity for librarians to become expert advisors concerning opportunities of scholarly communication made possible or enhanced by these platforms. This article seeks to summarize research concerning Google Scholar, Google Books, and Microsoft Academic from the past three years with a mind to informing practice and setting a research agenda. Selected literature from earlier time periods is included to illuminate key findings and to help shape the proposed research agenda, especially in understudied areas.
Privacy and User Experience in 21st Century Library Discovery
Authors: Pekala Shayna
Published: June 2017

Over the last decade, libraries have taken advantage of emerging technologies to provide new discovery tools to help users find information and resources more efficiently. In the wake of this technological shift in discovery, privacy has become an increasingly prominent and complex issue for libraries. The nature of the web, over which users interact with discovery tools, has substantially diminished the library’s ability to control patron privacy. The emergence of a data economy has led to a new wave of online tracking and surveillance, in which multiple third parties collect and share user data during the discovery process, making it much more difficult, if not impossible, for libraries to protect patron privacy. In addition, users are increasingly starting their searches with web search engines, diminishing the library’s control over privacy even further.While libraries have a legal and ethical responsibility to protect patron privacy, they are simultaneously challenged to meet evolving user needs for discovery. In a world where “search” is synonymous with Google, users increasingly expect their library discovery experience to mimic their experience using web search engines. However, web search engines rely on a drastically different set of privacy standards, as they strive to create tailored, personalized search results based on user data. Libraries are seemingly forced to make a choice between delivering the discovery experience users expect and protecting user privacy. This paper explores the competing interests of privacy and user experience, and proposes possible strategies to address them in the future design of library discovery tools.
Pharmacological evidence for a metabotropic glutamate receptor heterodimer in neuronal cells
Authors: Moreno Delgado David , Møller Thor C , Ster Jeanne , Giraldo Jesús , Maurel Damien , Rovira Xavier , Scholler Pauline , Zwier Jurriaan M , Perroy Julie , Durroux Thierry , Trinquet Eric , Prezeau Laurent , Rondard Philippe , Pin Jean-Philippe
Published: June 2017

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are mandatory dimers playing important roles in regulating CNS function. Although assumed to form exclusive homodimers, 16 possible heterodimeric mGluRs have been proposed but their existence in native cells remains elusive. Here, we set up two assays to specifically identify the pharmacological properties of rat mGlu heterodimers composed of mGlu2 and 4 subunits. We used either a heterodimer-specific conformational LRET-based biosensor or a system that guarantees the cell surface targeting of the heterodimer only. We identified mGlu2-4 specific pharmacological fingerprints that were also observed in a neuronal cell line and in lateral perforant path terminals naturally expressing mGlu2 and mGlu4. These results bring strong evidence for the existence of mGlu2-4 heterodimers in native cells. In addition to reporting a general approach to characterize heterodimeric mGluRs, our study opens new avenues to understanding the pathophysiological roles of mGlu heterodimers.
Blood-feeding of Rhodnius prolixus
Authors: Escandón-Vargas Kevin , Muñoz-Zuluaga Carlos A. , Salazar Liliana
Published: June 2017

Los triatominos (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) son insectos hematófagos vectores del protozooTrypanosoma cruzi, el cual causa la enfermedad de Chagas. Rhodnius prolixus es el vector de T. cruzi de mayor importancia epidemiológica en Colombia. Para alimentarse, los triatominos introducen su probóscide directamente en los vasos sanguíneos de los huéspedes vertebrados. La microscopía es una técnica útil para visualizar y describir la morfología de estructuras biológicas. Se presentan imágenes de la hematofagia de R. prolixus, incluidas algunas características histológicas visibles por microscopía de luz y microscopía electrónica de barrido de las partes bucales de R. prolixus al alimentarse de un ratón de laboratorio.
Profile of gastrointestinal diseases in a pediatric gastroenterology center in Colombia: 15 years of follow-up
Authors: Daza Wilson , Dadan Silvana , Higuera Michelle
Published: June 2017

Introducción. El perfil de las enfermedades gastrointestinales cambia permanentemente a nivel mundial y local, lo cual incide en la sospecha diagnóstica y el manejo médico.Objetivo. Establecer los principales diagnósticos en una unidad de gastroenterología, hepatología y nutrición pediátrica de Bogotá entre 2009 y 2013 y compararlos con los hallazgos de la misma unidad en los dos quinquenios previos (1997 a 2006).Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se revisaron las historias clínicas para extraer los diagnósticos. Los datos de los quinquenios previos se tomaron de los archivos institucionales. Se hizo un análisis univariado y se calcularon las frecuencias absolutas y relativas para las variables cualitativas, y las medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión para las cuantitativas.Resultados. Se consultaron los diagnósticos de 1.171 pacientes, 51,8 % (607) de ellos de sexo masculino, y 64 % (753) menores de cinco años de edad. Los principales diagnósticos fueron: estreñimiento crónico funcional (33,9 %), alergia alimentaria (23,5 %), trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (5,5 %), enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (4,1 %), enfermedad ácido-péptica (4,1 %), diarrea persistente (3,8 %) y fibrosis quística (3,4 %). Al comparar este último período con los anteriores,se observó un descenso de la enfermedad acido-péptica, en tanto que el estreñimiento, que estaba en segunda posición, ascendió al primer lugar. La alergia alimentaria, que no se registró entre los primeros diez diagnósticos en los periodos previos, apareció en segundo lugar en este último.Conclusiones. En el último quinquenio, el estreñimiento fue el primer diagnóstico gastrointestinal, seguido por la alergia alimentaria, lo cual concuerda con la tendencia mundial. Por ello, es fundamental aplicar los algoritmos de diagnóstico, así como ofrecer tratamiento oportuno y programas de prevención.
Evaluation of the toxic effects of doramectin, ivermectin and eprinomectin against Triatoma infestans using a rat model
Authors: Dadé Martín , Daniele Martín , Mestorino Nora
Published: June 2017

Introducción. La principal herramienta para el control de los triatominos, vectores de Trypanosoma cruzi, ha sido el uso masivo e intensivo de piretroides. La aparición de resistencia a estas moléculas ha planteado la necesidad de encontrar estrategias nuevas, alternativas y complementarias de control.Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto tóxico de la ivermectina, la doramectina y la eprinomectina sobre Triatoma infestans y sus consecuencias en la alimentación con sangre en un modelo de roedor.Materiales y métodos. Se alimentaron ninfas de quinto estadio de T. infestans en distintos momentos sobre ratas Wistar tratadas previamente con doramectina, ivermectina, eprinomectina o dimetilsulfóxido (excipiente de control), administrados tópicamente o por vía oral. Se determinó el efecto de cada endectocida y del dimeltilsulfóxido en la cantidad de sangre ingerida, el volumen de excreciones y el porcentaje de mortalidad.Resultados. Únicamente la mortalidad de los insectos dependió del endectocida suministrado a las ratas y de la vía de administración utilizada. La doramectina causó mayor mortalidad (21,5 %) comparada con la ivermectina, la eprinomectina y el dimetilsulfóxido (16, 11 y 2,5 %, respectivamente), y la administración tópica fue más efectiva que la vía oral (23 Vs. 9,3 %).Conclusión. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran el efecto tóxico de los tres endectocidas en T. infestans. Su utilización en animales domiciliarios o que viven en el eridomicilio podría ser una interesante estrategia complementaria de la aspersión con piretroides para el control de T. infestans.
Protein kinase C regulates AMPA receptor auxiliary protein Shisa9/CKAMP44 through interactions with neuronal scaffold PICK1
Authors: Kunde Stella‐Amrei , Rademacher Nils , Zieger Hanna , Shoichet Sarah A.
Published: June 2017

Synaptic α‐amino‐3‐hydroxyl‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐propionate (AMPA) receptors are essential mediators of neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Shisa9/cysteine‐knot AMPAR modulating protein 44 (CKAMP44) is a transmembrane protein recently found to be present in AMPA receptor‐associated protein complexes. Here, we show that the cytosolic tail of Shisa9/CKAMP44 interacts with multiple scaffold proteins that are important for regulating synaptic plasticity in central neurons. We focussed on the interaction with the scaffold protein PICK1, which facilitates the formation of a tripartite complex with the protein kinase C (PKC) and thereby regulates phosphorylation of Shisa9/CKAMP44 C‐terminal residues. This work has implications for our understanding of how PICK1 modulates AMPAR‐mediated transmission and plasticity and also highlights a novel function of PKC.
International courts
Authors: Nagan Winston P. , Haddad Aitza M.
Published: June 2017

International courts were a tentative innovation in the early twentieth century. After World War II the international community developed a greater confidence in the importance of international courts within the context of law and public order. In the latter part of the twentieth century international confidence in the courts reached unprecedented levels as both international and regional international judicial institutions were created to meet many problems that were not suited to the conventional methods of solving international problems through diplomacy and other less formalized methods of dispute settlement.
Jihad
Authors: Bergesen Albert J.
Published: June 2017

For believing Muslims the Quran is the word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. But over the history of Islam the meaning of Quranic passages have been endlessly debated resulting in various schools of law, theology, philosophy, and religious justifications for political/military activity.
Military Writing
Authors: Nall Catherine
Published: June 2017

Medieval military writing is characterized both by its engagement with the late Roman military manualDe re militariand by its multilingualism. Military works were composed in both prose and verse and circulated in Latin, French, Anglo‐Norman, Middle English, and Middle Scots in Britain in the Middle Ages. These works tend to focus on the practical aspects of making war, but they also consider wider philosophical and ethical issues. In this way, they share ground with sapiential literature, a point underscored by the frequent pairing of military manuals with mirrors for princes in manuscripts.
R
ichard the
R
edeless
Authors: Kelen Sarah A.
Published: June 2017

Richard the Redeless
is a fragmentary early fifteenth‐century political poem written in alliterative long lines. It shares some stylistic features with
Piers Plowman
and with other political poems in the “Piers Plowman Tradition.” The poem presents itself as an exhortation to Richard II set in 1399, although it was actually written after Richard's deposition.
Wars of
A
lexander, The
Authors: Turville‐Petre Thorlac
Published: June 2017

The Wars of Alexander
, an unrhymed alliterative poem of 5803 lines, is one of the masterpieces of the alliterative revival. It is extant in two manuscripts, both with gaps in the text, and both from the northeast, one dating from the middle and the other from the end of the fifteenth century. The original dialect of the poem is of the northwest Midlands, probably south Lancashire. The poet's source was the third recension (I
3
) of the
Historia de Preliis
, an expanded version of
Nativitas et victoria Alexandri Magni
by Leo, archpriest of Naples.
P
roverbs of
A
lfred
Authors: Deskis Susan E.
Published: June 2017

The
Proverbs of Alfred
is an early Middle English wisdom poem, probably composed in Sussex around the mid‐twelfth century. Different versions of the poem survive in four manuscripts, all from the thirteenth century. In its metre, structure, and content, the
Proverbs of Alfred
illustrates a certain amount of continuity between the Old English and Middle English poetic traditions.
B
attle of
B
runanburh, The
Authors: Livingston Michael
Published: June 2017

Composed by an unknown poet during the tenth century, the 73‐line poem now called
The Battle of Brunanburh
commemorates the battle of the same name, which was fought sometime in 937 between English forces under the leadership of King Æthelstan and a grand coalition of Scots, Strathclyde Britons, and Hiberno‐Norse who had invaded English lands in an effort to turn back the growing authority of the crown of England. The poem is preserved only as an untitled annal in four of the surviving manuscripts of the Anglo‐Saxon Chronicle. Despite many lingering questions about its origins, the poem is often said to stand alongside
Beowulf
and
The Battle of Maldon
in constructing modern historical perspectives of Anglo‐Saxon culture. Often anthologized, once translated by Alfred, Lord Tennyson,
The Battle of Brunanburh
is today one of the most widely read works of Anglo‐Saxon literature.
Aelfheah, Life of
Authors: Gerrard Daniel
Published: June 2017

TheLifeof St Aelheah (Elphege, Alphege) is a Latin account, written c. 1080 by Osbern, precentor of Christ Church, Canterbury, to celebrate and affirm the martyrdom of the saint, who had been murdered by the Danes in 1012. An ascetic and former member of the communities at Deerhurst and Bath, he was elevated first to the bishopric of Winchester and later to the archbishopric of Canterbury. Though containing relatively little factual content, it is noteworthy for its vivid depiction of the sack of Canterbury and of Aelfheah's passion.
De Coniuge Non Ducenda
Authors: Brady Lindy
Published: June 2017

TheDe coniuge non ducendawas a popular anonymous poem on the dangers of marriage that was widely circulated in the high Middle Ages, in which three angels (Peter, Lawrence, and John) successfully dissuade a young man contemplating matrimony. The poem, popular in university circles and likely transmitted orally, stands apart from medieval antifeminist literary tradition for its lighthearted humor and arguments enumerating the downfalls of marriage for the common working man.
StanzaicMorteArthur
Authors: Whetter K.S.
Published: June 2017

The Middle English stanzaic poemLe Morte Arthur, by an unknown author, is usually designated the “stanzaicMorte Arthur” by modern scholars to avoid confusion with other EnglishMortes. The stanzaicMorteis famous principally for two reasons: it is one of Thomas Malory's main sources, and it is one of the very few English Arthurian texts to take Launcelot, not Gawain, as its primary hero. The poem also typifies English adaptation and translation of French romance, in this case, the final branch of the Vulgate orLancelot‐GrailCycle. While all of these things are true, the stanzaicMortedeserves detailed study based on its own merits. The poem is a better story, and is better constructed, than its modern reputation suggests, depicting the tragic dissolution of the Round Table with sympathy and care.
RuthwellCross
Authors: Karkov Catherine E.
Published: June 2017

The Ruthwell Cross stands in the church at Ruthwell, Dumfries, Scotland. It was erected in the eighth century by members of the Northumbrian church during its expansion into southern Scotland. It is inscribed with an Old English runic poem on the Crucifixion, and carved with a program of figural and vine‐scroll ornament. Read together, the pictorial and the textual offer a meditation on the sacraments of baptism and the Eucharist and their source in the moment of the Crucifixion.
Colophons
Authors: Gameson Richard
Published: June 2017

The scribal colophon, its forms, functions, and literary qualities from Anglo‐Saxon England to c. 1500.
Disputation Between the Body and the Soul, The
Authors: Raskolnikov Masha
Published: June 2017

“The Disputation Between the Body and the Soul” depicts a dead knight's body debating with his soul about which one of them is responsible for the knight's sins in life. This anonymous allegory begins to appear in major manuscripts at the end of the thirteenth century, and appears in more manuscripts than any other Middle English debate poem. This work is both a ghost story and a philosophical inquiry; it is also, scholars think, an effect of the Catholic Church's decision to ask every Christian to confess their sins on an annual basis.
Guthlac A
and
B
Authors: Davis Glenn
Published: June 2017

Guthlac A
and
B
, two Old English poems that appear in the tenth‐century Exeter Book, narrate elements of the life of Guthlac, a popular Mercian saint and hermit who lived from c. 673 to 714. While neither text strictly follows the traditional conventions of a saint's
vita
, both can still be considered hagiographic verse.
Guthlac A
and
B
are not two parts of the same poem, however; they differ significantly in style and structure, and are believed to have been written by two different authors. Where
Guthlac A
focuses primarily on the life of the saint, including an extensive examination of the torments he faces at the hands of a troop of demons,
Guthlac B
describes the days immediately preceding and following his death.
D
ame
S
irith
Authors: Pearman Tory Vandeventer
Published: June 2017

Considered one of the earliest examples of the fabliau genre in English,
Dame Sirith
(c. 1272–83) is a 450‐line poem written in the West Midlands dialect of Middle English. The poem's plot reflects the bawdy tone and sexual subject matter characteristic of medieval fabliaux: a young wife is tricked into committing adultery with a cleric by the titular character. As a result, approaches to the text often attend to the poem's satirization of the conventions of religion and marriage, noting its carnivalesque qualities and drawing upon theories of gender and sexuality, disability studies, and/or posthumanism in their examinations of the text's female characters, its representation of female sexuality, and/or its depiction of disability. In addition to thematic readings of the text, scholars have been interested in the text's possible status as the first Middle English fabliau.
Estates Satire
Authors: Ladd Roger A.
Published: June 2017

Estates satire was a popular method for poets in the later Middle Ages to critique various social types by personifying their bad behavior. Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, and John Gower all made extensive use of it, especially in their prologues; Gower's earlier French and Latin poems went into far more depth than either of his major contemporaries did. Estates satires often relied heavily on the theory of the three estates, and this mode was so pervasive that occupational elements in late medieval characterizations continue to draw on estates satire tropes.
Troubadours
Authors: Léglu Catherine
Published: June 2017

Troubadour poetry is not known to have been practiced in England, but some lyric poets had the patronage of the sons of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. It is likely that this tradition was known in some parts of the Anglo‐Norman realm.
Saga Lists,
I
rish
Authors: Findon Joanne
Published: June 2017

The saga lists purport to list the repertoire of stories known by the
filid
, the professional poets/storytellers of medieval Ireland. They categorize the tales according to subject matter such as
tana
(cattle‐raids) or
catha
(battles). The lists may have been intended to enhance the prestige of the
filid
themselves.
Chaucer:ATreatise on theAstrolabe
Authors: Mitchell J. Allan
Published: June 2017

An operating manual for a versatile scientific instrument, Chaucer'sTreatise on the Astrolabewas designed as an elementary textbook in practical astronomy and geography. Addressed to an amateur, the technical manual demonstrates the rudimentary principles and practices of the science while also nurturing an expansive view of global culture, history, technology, and the cosmos.