bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KOTORAN SAPI MENJADI PUPUK ORGANIK DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN PEREKONOMIAN GAPOKTAN DESA SAMBIREMBE
Authors: Pujihartati Sri Hilmi , Delji Roby , Sukma Raka Nenggala , Dita Adzani Shifa Parama
Published: March 2021

Tujuan riset pengabdian ini adalah memberikan pelatihan dan praktik pembuatan pupuk organik dari limbah kotoran sapi kepada Gapoktan Desa Sambirembe, Kecamatan Kalijambe, Kabupaten Sragen. Pengabdian dilakukan sebagai upaya penunjang perekonomian masyarakat, khususnya anggota Gapoktan di masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan tersebut dilakukan dengan melakukan penyuluhan sebagai tahap awal pemahaman kelompok tani terkait pentingnya pengolahan limbah kotoran sapi yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk. Metode pelaksanaan selanjutnya adalah pembuatan pupuk berupa penaburan stardeck dan dolomit beserta proses lanjutan berupa pembalikan. Hingga pupuk sudah siap, dilakukan branding dan pemasaran. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat pada penyuluhan, membuat masyarakat memahami pentingnya pengolahan limbah kotoran sapi untuk diolah menjadi pupuk kadang. Pelaksanaan kegiatan tersebut berlanjut pada pelatihan dan praktik pembuatan pupuk. Serangkaian kegiatan pembuatan pupuk organik dilakukan dengan hasil yang sesuai dengan perencanaan dan pencanangan pengabdian masyarakat, yaitu produk pupuk organik siap pakai dan siap jual untuk menunjang perekonomian kelompok tani di masa pandemi.
Save Your Wardrobe: Digitalising Sustainable Consumption: Further Insights
Authors: Shaw Dierdre , Duffy Katherine
Published: March 2021

This research extends and builds on our earlier report – Digitalising Sustainable Consumption (2019) – and examines the role of digitalisation in changing how consumers manage their wardrobe and clothing and shift towards more sustainable approaches.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN SELEBGRAM (CELEBRITY ENDORSER INSTAGRAM) TERHADAP MINAT BELI KONSUMEN SECARA ONLINE PADA MEDIA INSTAGRAM (Survei Pengguna Aktif Sosial Media Instagram pada Followers Akun @mia_raaa)
Authors: Rahmawati Mia , Lestari Suci Putri
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAK  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui serta menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan selebgram (celebrity endorser instagram) terhadap minat beli konsumen secara online khususnya pada Followers Akun @mia_raaa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan survey berupa kuesioner, dengan sampel sebanyak 100 orang responden. Data yang digunakan berupa data primer. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi, koefisien korelasi dan koefisien determinasi melalui bantuan software SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat diambil simpulan sebagai berikut (1) penggunaan selebgram (celebrity endorser Instagram) pada media sosial Instagram yang terdiri dari indikator daya tarik, kepercayaan, dan keahlian sudah berada pada kategori baik; (2) minat beli konsumen secara online pada media Instagram yang terdiri dari indikator informasi, pengalaman, merek, model, dan jaminan sudah berada pada kategori tinggi; dan (3) berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat dinyatakan bahwa penggunaan selebgram (celebrity endorser Instagram) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat beli konsumen secara online pada media Instagram.Kata Kunci : Selebgram, Minat Beli Konsumen, Instagram ABSTRACT   This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of using celebrities (celebrity endorser instagram) on consumer buying interest online, especially on followers of the @mia_raaa account. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative research method using a survey in the form of a questionnaire, with a sample of 100 respondents. The data used are primary data. The data analysis used was regression analysis, correlation coefficient and determination coefficient through the help of SPSS software. Based on the results of research and discussion, the following conclusions can be drawn (1) the use of celebrities (celebrity endorser Instagram) on Instagram social media which consists of indicators of attractiveness, trust, and expertise that are already in a good category; (2) consumer buying interest online on Instagram, which consists of indicators of information, experience, brand, model, and guarantees are in the high category; and (3) based on the results of the study it can be stated that the use of celebrities (celebrity endorser Instagram) has a positive and significant effect on consumer buying interest online on Instagram media. Keywords: Selebgram, Consumer Purchase Interest, Instagram
Motivação dos homens na busca por assistência prestada pelas estratégias de saúde da famí­lia
Authors: Nogueira da Silva Patrick Leonardo , Loyara Grilo Silva Emily , Martins Santos Veridiana , Fonseca Coelho Galvão Ana Patrí­cia , Vieira de Oliveira Valdira , Dos Reis Alves Carolina
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: investigar a motivação dos homens na busca por assistência prestada pela Estratégia Saúde da Famí­lia. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada em uma equipe de saúde da famí­lia, de modo que a amostra compreendeu 30 homens cadastrados na área de abrangência. Foi utilizado um questionário semiestruturado cujos dados foram analisados conforme epidemiologia descritiva. Resultados: trata-se de homens entre 20 e 74 anos; casados; Ensino Fundamental; predomí­nio da profissão de pedreiro os quais 67% trabalham no perí­odo diurno. Dos serviços procurados, 68% correspondem í  Medicina cuja motivação da procura foi por consultas e exames. Quanto aos fatores dificultadores, destaca-se a resistência dos homens; a falta de tempo decorrente da dedicação ao trabalho; e ao comodismo. Conclusão: a motivação dos homens pela procura ao serviço ocorreu por ações de cunho curativo com predomí­nio de queixas agudas na qual as práticas preventivas não fazem parte do cotidiano.
Система технического зрения с множественными источниками изображений
Authors: Труфанов М.И. , Панищев В.С. , Фролов М.М.
Published: March 2021

Предложена структурно-функциональная организация системы технического зрения, отличительной особенностью которой является введение двух различных групп аппаратных модулей. Модули первой группы обеспечивают получение и обработку изображений и конструктивно сопряжены с источником формирования изображений, модуль второй группы реализует вычисления по комплексированию информации и распознаванию объектов.
Assessing the capacity for mental manipulation in patients with statically-determined mild cognitive impairment using digital technology
Authors: Emrani Sheina , Lamar Melissa , Price Catherine C. , Baliga Satya , Wasserman Victor , Matusz Emily , Swenson Rod , Baliga Ganesh , Libon David J.
Published: March 2021

Aims: Prior research employing a standard backward digit span test has been successful in operationally defining neurocognitive constructs associated with the Fuster’s model of executive attention. The current research sought to test if similar behavior could be obtained using a cross-modal mental manipulation test. Methods: Memory clinic patients were studied. Using Jak-Bondi criteria, 24 patients were classified with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 33 memory clinic patients did not meet criteria for MCI (i.e. non-MCI). All patients were assessed with the digital version of the WRAML-2 Symbolic Working Memory Test-Part 1, a cross-modal mental manipulation task where patients hear digits, but respond by touching digits from lowest to highest on an answer key. Only 4 and 5-span trials were analyzed. Using an iPad, all test stimuli were played; and, all responses were obtained with a touch key. Only correct trials were analyzed. Average time to complete trials and latency for each digit was recorded. Results: Groups did not differ when average time to complete 4-span trials was calculated. MCI patients displayed slower latency, or required more time to re-order the 1st and 3rd digits. Regression analyses, primarily involving initial and latter response latencies, were associated with better, but different underlying neuropsychological abilities. Almost no 5-span analyses were significant. Conclusions: This cross-modal test paradigm found no difference for total average time. MCI patients generated slower 1st and 3rd response latency, suggesting differences in time allocation to achieve correct serial order recall. Moreover, different neuropsychological abilities were associated with different time-based test components. These data extend prior findings using a standard backward digit span test. Differences in time epochs are consistent with constructs underlying the model of executive attention and help explain mental manipulation deficits in MCI. These latency measures could constitute neurocognitive biomarkers that track emergent disease.
Risk factors in acute diabetic foot syndrome: analysis of 75 consecutive patients referred to a tertiary center in Modena, Italy
Authors: Maurantonio Mauro , Gabrielli Filippo , Castellano Claudia , Carla Andrea , Andreone Pietro , Roncucci Luca
Published: March 2021

Aim: Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is a complication of diabetes in which the presence of infections, ulceration and/or destruction of deep tissue associated with neuropathy, peripheral atherosclerosis and comorbidity affect the prognosis, the need for limb amputation and quality of life. Purpose of the present study is to report the features of patients with acute DFS admitted to our Diabetic Foot Unit tertiary Center in 2019.
Methods: In all patients admitted, the approach was performed through a multidisciplinary team (Diabetic Foot Care Team) and described in a specific diagnostic-therapeutic-assistance program. Criteria of inclusion were presence of sepsis and/or suspected osteomyelitis and/or critical limb ischemia. Clinical features and interventions performed were registered. Primary endpoints were mortality and amputation (major, minor). Secondary endpoints were length of hospitalization, type of revascularization and duration of antibiotic therapy.
Results: Among 75 consecutive patients (mean age 70.9 years) enrolled, prevalence of acute DFS was higher among men (M/F 3:1). Poor glycemic control [mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 67.9 ± 22.3 mmol/mol], long duration of diabetes (mean 19 ± 16.3 years), high low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (mean 89.5 ± 45.1 mg/ dL) and obesity (mean Body Mass Index 30.2 ± 7.6 kg/m2) were common. Diabetes-related complications as peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (76%), ischemic heart disease (48%), retinopathy (40.5%), hepatic steatosis (50%), heart failure (17.8%) were present. During hospitalization, 21 subjects (28.4%) underwent lower limb amputations (overall rate of major amputation 4%), and 41.3% underwent percutaneous angioplasty. Long period of hospitalization (18.4 ± 7.9 days) and prolonged antibiotic therapy (23.9 ± 15.9 days) were observed. Major amputation was associated with C-reactive protein > 6.5 mg/dL (P = 0.03), osteomyelitis (P = 0.001), prior insulin therapy (P = 0.015).
Conclusions: Male sex, co-morbidity, PAD, systemic inflammation and poor glycemic control are major features of acute hospitalized DFS. An approach through a multidisciplinary team is recommended in order to treat vascular and extra-vascular complications aimed at reducing mortality and at improving quality of life.
El tratamiento del amor lésbico en "Carne apaleada" (Inés Palou 1975/Javier Aguirre, 1978), adaptación cinematográfica de la Transición política española.
Authors: Benedicto Erika Rodrigo
Published: March 2021

During the Spanish political transition, lesbian women were generally depicted grotesquely and strongly sexualized in comedies, erotic films and horror movies. However, in this sensationalist and aligned panorama, Javier Aguirre brought to the screen in 1978 an autobiographical novel titled Carne Apaleada (Inés Palou, 1975). This work narrates the prison experiences of Berta, a woman who falls in love during her stay in jail with Senta, a young single mother convicted of murder. The film adaptation breaks with the conventions and taboos of its time and it aims to be a realistic representation of the protagonist’s prison live and her lesbian love story. That romantic plot is the common thread and axis of the diegesis that gives coherence to the cinematographic discourse.
A materialidade da memória na animação não ficcional
Authors: Belotte Fabio
Published: March 2021

The gesture of the author who produces manually in accordance with the chosen technique and the material specificities that determine it, a non-fictional animation that originates in memories, carries meanings beyond aesthetics. Colors, textures and shapes can be determinants in the metaphysical relationship intrinsic to the technique itself and recode the past in visual signs. Each animated technique carries unmistakable characteristics in its DNA, which, in the narrative, can perform functions far beyond aesthetics. There is still a little studied complexity about the epistemological meaning generated in each set of textures offered by the different manual animation techniques for the range of themes that non-fictional animation can encompass. Each of these textures carries a load of signs and symbologies that, in themselves, can generate meaning, which makes the choice of technique a circumstantial factor for the theme to be portrayed. In an approach on the triggering of stop motion characteristics under a documentary record, especially when memories are represented by a three-dimensional technique manually constructed, and even when there is hybridization, in the specific case, point insertions of classic 2D animation. The more the topic is confronted and deepened, the more questions arise, which allow future research for an analytical approach to the animated process as an option of documentary registration, unfolding for the metaphysical function of animation, its textures in the narrative of a non-fictional film and the network of metaphors generated by it.
Cinema e ensino tecnológico
Authors: De Oliveira Priscila , Chaves Sandra Regina Nunes
Published: March 2021

Fatec Paradiso is a university extension project that intends to show alternative films, national and international, to students of Fatec Cotia - public institution of technological higher education in the State of São Paulo, and to the community in general, free of charge, in public spaces in the municipality of Cotia, or on the premises of that institution. The exhibitions aim to contribute to the formation of audiences for cinema, to raise awareness about the right to use public spaces and to contribute to a more comprehensive formation, not only focused on performance in the labor market. With this initiative, it is intended to provide a region in need of cinemas, a film program that allows aesthetic appreciation, and the discussion of themes related to the contemporary world or recent history. Since its inception in 2016, exhibitions have been held in different squares in the municipality, open to the entire population of the country. In the exhibitions, testimonies were collected from viewers - students and non-students, about the construction of relationships between the themes of the films and their life experiences and about the importance of carrying out activities of this type in public spaces. Fatec Paradiso’s assessment was based on the principle that activities involving art, as a way of transforming a given reality, enable the creation of new cultural policies. In this communication, we will discuss what the project represents for a peripheral region of greater São Paulo and the use of cinema as an educational experience.
The Influence of Science Fiction in Healthcare Technology
Authors: Cardoso Mª Alexandra
Published: March 2021

With technological advances, the human being becomes more and more reliant on technology. We use it to work, to enhance our social experience, to learn, and healthcare, is no exception to this. We are used to hearing concepts originated on Science Fiction coming to life in areas such as spatial exploration or even communication and see how it helps those teams know what consumers were expecting for the future. However, we rarely hear about it influencing the technologies that keep us alive. Has healthcare also benefited from Science Fiction worlds to create new or enhance their technological devices? This literary and cinematic genre pushes the boundaries of what is thought “possible” by idealizing artifacts that go beyond what is conceivable in their time. It is an outlet for those who want to imagine what the future might be like, without forgetting to distinguish possible or plausible from fantasy. In this article, I will go through why it is important to look to Science Fiction as a guide when it comes to conceptualizing new ways of incorporating technology in our healthcare, as well as how it has been done before.
REGIONAL RANKING OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATIONON THE BASIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY INDEX
Authors:   Institute of Earth Sciences, Bobylev N. G. , Gadal Sebastien ,   Aix-Marseille Université, Aix-en-Provence, Konovalova M. O. ,   Institute of Earth Sciences,   Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Sergunin A. A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg,   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University), Tronin A. A. ,   Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tynkkynen Veli-Pekka ,   Aleksanteri Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to determine the relevant indicators for compiling an environmental security index of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) and ranking (compiling a rating) of the regions of the AZRF on its basis. We have developed our own methodology for constructing this rating.The ecological block of indicators includes three groups of parameters: impact on atmospheric air and water environment, as well as waste management. In the ecological-economic block of indicators, characteristics, such as the expenditures on environmental protection and investments in this area per capita, are described. The socio-ecological block includes two main parameters: the comfort of living in Arctic cities (index of the quality of the urban environment; the share of the population in regions and cities with high and very high levels of pollution; provision of the population with clean drinking water) and the state of urban infrastructure(degradation of the infrastructure in areas such as water supply, sewerage, waste collection and disposal, pollution control activities, and the degree of housing improvement).The first and second places in the AZRF environmental security rating belong to the Nenets and Chukotka Autonomous Districts. They have high indicators in the ecological and ecological-economic blocks of indicators. The outsider of the rating is the Krasnoyarsk Province, which occupies the last positions in almost all groups of parameters—ecological (waste management, impact on the water and air environment), economic (expenditure on and investments in environmental protection) and socio-ecological (comfort of the urban environment and the state of urban infrastructure).This rating can have practical application in the work of federal, regional and municipal authorities involved in planning and implementing the strategy for sustainable development of regions and cities of the Russian Arctic, as well as in the activities of scientific and non-profit organizations that monitor, analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy.
COMPETITIVENESS OF THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE
Authors:   Luzin Institute for Economic Studies, Federal Research Centre “Kola Science Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nikolaeva A. B.
Published: March 2021

The Arctic region, including the Russian Arctic and the Northern Sea Route (NSR), is currently characterized by an increased interest of many countries of the world and international business circles. For Russia the need to develop the Arctic is indisputable, and the NSRis the basis for development of the region. In addition, the region possesses a unique transport and logistics potential. It is believed that in the future it will connect the largest markets in Asia, Europe and North America with maritime transport corridors. Climatic changes and melting of ice are increasingly opening up the NSRfor navigation, and this leads to an increase in the attractiveness of this route. At the national level, the task is todevelop possibilities for turning the NSRinto an international transport corridor, similar to the Suez Canal. However, the transit potential of the NSR is not obvious. The article is aimed to determine the competitive capabilities of the NSRand assessits transit potential in the near future. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to identify strengths and weaknesses when using NSR, to conduct a comparative analysis of the known international routes (the Suez Canal) and this route, and to reveal prospects for the transit potential of the NSR, identifying the most likely potential transit transport participant —China.As a result of the study, it was concluded that in the near future the NSR will not compete with the Suez Canal and other international routes, but will be in demand as a national transport artery for transporting extracted oil and gas resources from the fields in the Arctic part of Russia. As to the transformation of the NSR into an international transport corridor, it will take huge financial and time resources, also Russia may have to sacrifice its strategic and geopolitical interests in the Arctic, which is currently unacceptable.
DIFFERENT FACTORS IN THE REGULATION OF ENERGY SUPPLY IN THE ARCTIC REGIONS
Authors:   Luzin Institute for Economic Studies, Federal Research Centre “Kola Science Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences”, Gasnikova A. A.
Published: March 2021

Energy supply is an important condition of life-subsistence of population and the economy, therefore public control of energy supply is a necessary function of the state. The problem of organizing and regulating reliable and accessible energy supply needs consideration of many factors. The purpose of the article is to analyze the completeness of considering different factors in the public control of energy supply in the Arctic regions. The research was carried out on the example of four regions of the Russian Federation fully included in the Arctic zone (Murmansk Oblast, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug).Natural-resource, economic, social, technological, ecological, and legal factors of energy supply are considered in this work.A brief description and the specifics of thefactors in the Arctic regions are given. The distribution of the main powers in the field of electric power industry, heat power industry, the development of energy saving and energy efficiency between federal and regional authorities is presented. The structure of regional government bodies relating to the public control of energy supply is considered. The differences in structures of regional government bodies are revealed, which are determined by the specifics of different territories. The non-uniformity in content of the documents regulating activities of the regional public bodies is revealed. Tasks, functions or powers (depending on the documents on the regional public bodies) of regional government bodies in the field of regulating energy supply are analyzed and compared to the factors of energy supply. Public control of energy supply, both at the federal and regional levels, to a greater or lesser degree takes into account all the considered factors. Legal and economic factors are manifested in the activities of all government bodies.
RENEWABLE RIVER RESOURCES OF THE MURMANSK REGION AND THEIR USE IN THE ENERGY SECTOR: YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW
Authors:   Northern Energetics Research Centre, Federal Research Centre “Kola Science Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences”, Konovalova O. E.
Published: March 2021

The development of water resources for power generation is often crucial for the socio-economic development of entire regions. This is especially important for the development of the Russian Arctic, where hydroelectric resources are poorly developed. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of consequences of changes in the hydrological characteristics of watercourses on the development of small and micro-energy in the region. Based on long-term hydrological data from 22 observation posts covering the period from 1946 to 2013 the annual river flow module of the Murmansk region was calculated using statistical data processing methods, and a modern map-scheme of changes in the annual river flow module of the region was constructed using the comparative geographical method and the method of cartographic generalization. A quantitative assessment of the water resources of the Murmansk region, which is part of the Russian Arctic, is given. The distribution of the average annual river flow over the area is shown. The influence of climate changes on water content and river flow regime in the Murmansk region is estimated. The hydropower resources of the rivers of this region have been determined. The history of the creation of the hydropower industry on the Kola Peninsula and the possibilities of developing hydropower in the near future are considered. The main indicators of the operating hydroelectric power plants (HPP) of the Murmansk region are presented. The role of small and micro-hydroelectric power plants in the development of the power system is determined. Promising options for the creation of small hydroelectric power plants in remote villages of the region are shown, and their technical and economic indicators are given. It is found out that the total integrated effect from the construction of these hydroelectric power plants will amount to 354 and 594 million rubles respectively. Development directions of micro-hydroelectric power plants in the Murmansk region are identified. Micro-hydroelectric power plants will provide electricity to small villages, dacha cooperatives and farms. Small and micro-hydroelectric power plants can be used for elaboration of strategies and plans for socio-economic development of the Murmansk region and its small settlements, as well as plans for development of the tourism industry in the region.
KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN DALAM KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK
Authors: D Hamidah
Published: March 2021

Sistem Pendidikan Nasional adalah suatu sistem yang berpadu dari semua satuan dan kegiatan pendidikan yang berkaitan satu dengan lainnya untuk mengusahakan tercapainya tujuan pendidikan nasional. Seiring tuntutan pembaharuan pendidikan di Indonesia, kebijakan pendidikan telah mengalami beberapa kali perubahan. Dalam ha ini kebijakan pendidikan di pandang melalui segi kebijakan publik yang mana kebijakan publik adalah kebijakan yang dibuat oleh negara yaitu berkenaan dengan lembaga eksekutif, legislatif dan yudikatif. Pengambilan keputusan tentang sistem pendidikan nasional berhubungan erat terhadap kebijakan publik, yang mana kebijakan publik merupakan ilmu yang relatif baru karena secara historis baru muncul pada pertengahan dasawarsa 1960-an sebagai sebuah disiplin yang menonjol dalam lingkup administrasi publik maupun ilmu politik. Persoalan terpenting yang menjadi sorotan adalah kebijakan pendidikan merupakan bagian dari kebijakan publik. Penulisan yang dilakukan oleh penulis ini merupakan penelitian dalam bentuk diagnostik. Metode penulisan yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan metode doktrinal (normatif), penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui landasan kebijakan publik dalam dunia pendidikan dan analisis kebijakan publik dalam bidang pendidikan.
Possibilities of proton magnetic resonance in determination the cellulose crystallinity
Authors:   Volga State University of Technology, Grunin Yury B. , Ivanova Maria S. ,   Volga State University of Technology
Published: March 2021

A layered model of the structural organization of macrofibrils of native cellulose, consisting of microfibrils, which include elementary fibrils, has been developed. A feature of the proposed model is the presence of slit-like pores between the crystalline elements of cellulose. It was found that, on average, each water molecule interacts with one glucose residue of the surface chains of cellulose with the formation of hydrogen bonds in the framework of monolayer adsorption. This allows to establish a correlation between the cellulose crystallinity and the capacity of the adsorption water monolayer on its active surface. Based on the condition of rapid molecular exchange between the adsorption water layers in the framework of the Bloembergen-Purcell-Pound theory, an approach is proposed for determination the capacity of water monolayer. The obtained values are consistent with the results of solving the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller equation for the adsorption isotherm of water on the active surface of cellulose. The Fourier transform of the free induction decay signal of cellulose allows to estimate its crystallinity at various moisture contents. Methods have been developed for assessing the crystallinity of different types of dry cellulose based on NMR relaxation parameters — spin-lattice relaxation time and spin-spin relaxation time. Using the method of deuteration of cellulose, the relaxation times of its crystalline regions were determined. The results of preliminary studies showed that the crystallinity of cotton cellulose is higher in comparison with the same parameter of woody types of cellulose. A comparison of the literature and the data we obtained using 1H-NMR relaxation confirmed the possibility of utilizing the developed methods to solve the tasks of scientific research and conducting quality control of cellulosic materials at specialized enterprises.
Experimental and theoretical study of the fragmentation of dichloro-3-aryl-2,1-benzisoxazoles
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University Named after K.D. Ushinsky, Kotov Alexandr D. , Forostyanko Anna S. ,   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University Named after K.D. Ushinsky, Vasilyeva Elena A. ,   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University Named after K.D. Ushinsky, Kunichkina Anna S. ,   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University Named after K.D. Ushinsky, Proskurina Irina K. ,   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University Named after K.D. Ushinsky, Kuzhin Maxim B. ,   P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University
Published: March 2021

2,1-Benzisoxazoles or anthranyls have different types of biological activity, are used to obtain monomers for polymeric materials, dyes and other heterocyclic compounds. In addition, 2,1-benzisoxazoles attract the attention of researchers due to the presence of a weak N-O bond, which is a potential place for the opening of the cycle in the reactions of reduction, oxidation, and various transformations. Therefore, it is very important to study their structure, methods of identification and reactivity in the processes taking place with their participation. One of the most effective modern research methods in chemistry is chromatography-mass spectrometry and quantum-chemical modeling. And since the fragmentation of molecules during their electron impact ionization depends on the nature of the compounds and characterizes their reactivity in various types of chemical reactions, the aim of this work was to experimentally and theoretically study the fragmentation of dichloro-3-phenyl-2,1-benzisoxazoles. For this, the corresponding dichloro-3-aryl-2,1-benzisoxazoles were synthesized by condensation of nitroarenes with arylacetonitriles in the presence of an excess of sodium hydroxide. The chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used to study the directions of fragmentation of their molecular ions. It was found that for all the compounds studied, similar fragment fragments are observed in the mass spectra, which indicates similar patterns of their fragmentation. Based on the data of quantum chemical modeling using the PC GAMESS/FireFly 8.2 software package using the density func-tional theory method, it was suggested that even before the decay of the molecular ions of dichloro-3-aryl-2,1-benzisoxazoles, they rapidly transform into the corresponding cation radicals of dichloroacridinones with the same atomic composition. Further decomposition of dichloroacridinone ions is accompanied by the release of a chlorine atom, carbon monoxide and skeletal rearrangement with the formation of the corresponding chlorocarbazole ions. Chlorocarbazole ions then eject a hydrogen chloride molecule to form a cation with m/z 164 and atomic composition C12H6N.
Research the sulfonation mechanism of urea in oleum by density functional theory calculation
Authors:   Tambov State Technical University, Degtyarev Andrey A. , Trishina Alexandra V. ,   Tambov State Technical University
Published: March 2021

The work investigates the sulfonation mechanism of urea in oleum, which is used in the synthesis of sulfamic acid. In addition to sulfamic acid, carbon dioxide is also released in the process. The method of density functional theory was used to model the sulfonation reaction using cation HSO3+ as a true sulfonating agent. All elementary acts, intermediates, and transition states of the reaction are determined. Six possible complexes of urea and cation HSO3+ are identified, of which two are reactive, formed through the bonding of the nitrogen atom of urea and sulfur of the HSO3+. The most stable complex is formed through the bonding of the oxygen atom of urea and sulfur of the HSO3+, from the reactive complexes it is separated by an activation barrier of 149.86 kJ/mol, so its formation inactivates the starting reagents and their return to a reactive state is possible only through interaction with negatively charged particles. The activation energies and thermal effects of the stages are calculated. The first stable intermediate of the process is isocyanic acid. Subsequently, isocyanic acid reacts with sulfuric by two mechanisms: the formation of urethane-like structures of NH2COOSO3H or carbamic acid. The second mechanism is preferred since it requires much milder conditions. Using the continuum models D-PCM and COSMO, the influence of the solvent on the reaction mechanism was studied. As a solvent, 100% sulfuric acid was taken. The maximum activation energy of elementary stages according to the first mechanism was: 167.37 (COSMO) kJ/mol, 169.77 (D-PCM), without solvent 180.38 kJ/mol. By the second mechanism: 57.38 (COSMO) kJ/mol, 59.91 (D-PCM), without solvent 91.15 kJ/mol. The number of elementary acts is 6 for the first mechanism and 7 for the second.
Synthesis and study of the properties of composite materials based on cellulose and chitosan containing various therapeutic agents. Part 3. Hydrolytic destruction of dressings based on dialdehydecellulose
Authors:   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Vaniushenkova Anna A. , Dosadina Elina E. ,   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Hanafina Anna A. ,   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Kalenov Sergey V. ,   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Markvichev Nikolay S. ,   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Belov Alexey A. ,   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
Published: March 2021

Creating systems for targeted delivery of drugs to the affected organ is one of the most promising areas for the development of systems with controlled release of the active substance. Polysaccharides are widely used as drug carriers. However, most of them are chemically inert and require preliminary functionalization in order to interact with physiologically active compounds (therapeutic agents-TA). A simple and effective method for introducing reactive groups is the periodic oxidation of the polysaccharide by the Malaprade reaction. While cellulose is insoluble in water and resistant to weak solutions of acids and alkalis, dialdehyde cellulose (DAC is the product of the periodic oxidation of cellulose) and its derivatives are destroyed in water and weakly acidic and slightly alkaline solutions. This process is called hydrolytic destruction. The kinetics of hydrolytic destruction is described by semi-logarithmic anamorphosis, which allows us to calculate the rate constants of hydrolytic destruction as the rate constant of first-order reactions. The products of hydrolytic degradation were studied by UV spectroscopy and using 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA). The degradation products of C and DAC were also studied by the phenol-sulfur method. From the data presented and cited earlier, it follows that when our composite material is placed in a liquid medium, the hydrolytic destruction of the drug immediately begins. What can be connected with the breakdown of both the carrier – TA bonds (DAC, C, Ct carriers) and the destruction of the carrier itself. Under the conditions of the organism, biological destruction can also join process. Biodestruction is the process of destruction (both carriers and immobilized TAs) under the action of the body's enzymes. Using IR spectroscopy, cellulose carriers were studied before and after exposure to 1/15M FB medium (pH 6.2 and 37 °C) for 48 hours. As can be seen from the data obtained, primarily for DAC samples, significant changes in the spectrum are visible in the 1800-1600 and 900 cm-1 fields. The results of experimental toxicological studies of samples of various cellulosic materials allow us to conclude that the samples studied do not have toxic, hemolytic, allergenic effects, as well as mutagenic activity.
An algorithm development for producing of standard samples of explosives
Authors:   State Research Institute of Chemical Products, Krivosheeva Alina R. , Ananeva Anna V. ,   State Research Institute of Chemical Products, Tarazova Elvira N. ,   State Research Institute of Chemical Products, Eneykina Tatiana A. ,   State Research Institute of Chemical Products, Gatina Rose F. ,   State Research Institute of Chemical Products
Published: March 2021

The analysis of requirements for standard samples (SS) of the explosives’ composition, aimed for improving of a determination (an identification) accuracy of the polluting emissions in the environment is given in the present work. As a result of the analysis of the requirements, defining the purpose of SS of the explosives’ composition, the functions of the latter have been established; there are the measurement assurance and ensuring of measurement procedures of an explosives content in solutions, air, aqueous media, soils, surfaces washing-off, special products and also in various fields of a science and an industry, engaged in the production, an adjustment, a research and an operation of equipment for carrying out the quantitative chemical analysis and controlling the objects of the environment (signaling devices). There has been formed the circle of potential consumers of new SS of the explosives’ composition, in which the enterprises of the industry of ammunition and special chemistry, subordinate organizations of the ministries of Russia (Ministry of Industry and Trade), higher educational establishments and also privately owned enterprises and organizations, carrying out the work related to the use of explosives are included; this circle imposes the requirements for SS quality and establishes a rating of the approved state SS (SSS). The purity degree of explosives (a base material fraction of total mass is no less than 99.5 % by mass) and an acetonitrile (used as a solvent) (a water content is no more than 0.03 % by mass) has been established in the course of carrying out of the analysis of the requirements for the initial materials. The ampoules, which are filled by means of the syringe and the glass medicine bottles of a general purpose were selected as a container in order to protect of SS specimen from the action of a complex of destructive factors, imposing the requirements for their storage conditions. In the course of studying of the necessity of SS material of the explosives’ composition in different groups of purpose the volumes of a material in each individual ampoule (bottle) have been established, that is 5 cm3 and 20 cm3. It has been developed the algorithm for producing of SS of explosives’ composition, meeting the aforementioned requirements.
Stabilization of high-solid compositions based on nitrate ester plasticizers
Authors:   Federal Research and Production Center “Altay”, Pilyugina Yulia V. , Zyablitsky Sergey A. ,   Federal Research and Production Center “Altay”, Egorova Larisa G. ,   Federal Research and Production Center “Altay”, Mashkovtsev Valery N. ,   Federal Research and Production Center “Altay”
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the interaction of various stabilization systems based on nitrate ester plasticizers. This subject is relevant since improvement of operational characteristics, the decomposition slowing and increase of the chemical resistance are fundamental for high-energy systems. Model high-energy systems MS-1 and MS-2 were investigated. MS-1 is based on the active fuel-binder FB-1 using butyl nitrile rubber. MS-2 is based on the active FB-2 using polyurethane rubber, aluminum spherical powder, ammonium perchlorate, nitramine, process and stabilizing additives. Diphenylamine, resorcinol, methyl nitroaniline and mixtures thereof were used as a chemical resistance stabilizer. In the article the studies of stabilizing systems such as diphenylamine and resorcinol, diphenylamine and methylnitroaniline, diphenylamine are given. To establish the effect of the system stabilization the level of gas evolution was determined on the basis of various nitroether plasticizers. As a matter of record the gas evolution level was found to have decreased by 40% in the model high-energy systems MS-1 based on active FB-1 using butyl nitrile rubber and methyl nitroaniline and diphenylamine stabilization system and by 6% in MS-2 that is based on active FB-2 using polyurethane rubber and methylnitroaniline and diphenylamine, nitrogen oxides being also absent in both systems.
Thermodynamic simulation of the V-Al-N-C master alloy aluminothermic smelting
Authors:   nstitute of Metallurgy of the  Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Larionov Alexey V. , Taranov Denis V. ,   nstitute of Metallurgy of the  Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chumarev Vladimir M. ,   nstitute of Metallurgy of the  Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Smirnov Leonid A. ,   Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

For microalloying of titanium with nitrogen and carbon, the V-Al-N-C complex master alloy is used. One of the main requirements presented by consumers of this ligature to its composition is oxygen content of less than 0.1 % mass. The use of elemental carbon (graphite) in the mixture for out-of-furnace aluminothermic smelting of the V-Al-N-C master alloy promotes the formation of aluminum oxonitrides in the melt, which, in the process of forming the metal and slag phases, can be stored in the alloy as separate inclusions. Since carbon in the master alloy is present in the form of V2Al0.96C1.1 carbide, it is advisable to replace graphite in the composition of the smelting mixture with an alternative precursor containing carbide of this composition. The paper presents the results of thermodynamic simulation of phase formation occurring in the process of V-Al-N-C master alloy smelting using various carbidizers. The equilibrium temperature dependences were obtained using the HSC Chemistry 6.12 software, the database of which was supplemented by the missing thermochemical characteristics of vanadium aluminides (VAl3, V5Al8, V3Al2) and V2AlC carbide borrowed from published sources. Thermodynamic models that take into account the formation of these intermetallic compounds adequately describe the processes that occur during the interaction of mixture components for the aluminothermic smelting of V-Al-N-C alloys. The predicted elemental and phase compositions of the V-Al-N-C model alloys are in a good agreement with the data of chemical, XRD and EMPA analyzes of samples of real alloys. Models that take into account the formation of V2AlC carbide and vanadium aluminides are applicable for calculating the compositions and thermality of mixtures, as well as for predicting the V-Al-N-C alloys smelting products. From the point of view of thermodynamics, replacing graphite in a mixture of the V-Al-N-C master alloy smelting with a precursor alloy V(70)-Al(23)-C(7), carbon in which is represented as V2AlC carbide and vanadium carbides V2C and VC, will not affect the carbon distribution over it phase component and will not adversely affect the technological performance of the smelting.
Thermodynamic modeling of cerium reduction from slags of the CaO-SiO2-Ce2O3-15%Al2O3-8%MgO system by dissolved aluminum in the metal
Authors:   Institute of Metallurgy of the UB of the RAS, Babenco Anatoly A. , Smirnov Leonid A. ,   Institute of Metallurgy of the UB of the RAS, Upolovnikova Alena G. ,   Institute of Metallurgy of the UB of the RAS, Nechvoglod Olga V. ,   Institute of Metallurgy of the UB of the RAS
Published: March 2021

Thermodynamic modeling of cerium reduction from slags of the CaO – SiO2 – Ce2O3 system containing 15% Al2O3 and 8% MgO by dissolved aluminum in the metal at temperatures of 1550 and 1650 °C was performed using the HSC 6.1 Chemistry software package (Outokumpu), based on minimizing Gibbs energy and variational principles of thermodynamics using the method of simplex planning lattices (mass% is indicated in this expression and hereinafter). When constructing the planning matrix, the following restrictions were imposed on the variable components of the CaO-SiO2-Ce2O3-Al2O3-MgO system: CaO/SiO2 = 2-5; 15% Al2O3; 8% MgO and 1-7% Ce2O3. As a result of imposing restrictions on the change of components in the system, the studied region is represented by a local simplex in the form of two concentration triangles whose vertices are the pseudo-components Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4. It was found that depending on the temperature of the metal, the basicity of the slag and the cerium oxide content in the steel, containing 0.06% carbon, 0.25% silicon and 0.05% aluminum, goes from 0.055 to 16 ppm cerium. The positive influence of the temperature factor, slag basicity and cerium oxide content in the studied range of chemical composition on the cerium reduction process is explained from the standpoint of the phase composition of the formed slags and the thermodynamics of cerium reduction reactions. When the metal is kept under slag with a basicity of 2.0, containing 1.0% cerium oxide, it passes into the metal at a temperature of 1550 °C to 0.055 ppm cerium. An increase in the temperature of the system to 1650 °C is accompanied by a slight increase in the concentration of cerium, reaching no more than 0.085 ppm. The most noticeable increase in the cerium content in the metal is observed with an increase in the slag basicity. It is noted that the shift of slags containing 7.0% cerium oxide to the region increased to 5.0 basicity provides, in the temperature range 1550-1650 °C, the equilibrium cerium content in the metal at the level of 12-16 ppm.