bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing Supervised and Unsupervised Deep-Learning Methods to Predict Sputtering Plasma Features, a Step toward Digitizing Sputter Deposition of Thin Films
Authors: Salimian Ali , Haine Evan , Pardo-Sanchez Cova , Hasnath Abul , Upadhyaya Hari
Published: July 2022

The spectral emission data from the plasma glow of various sputtering targets containing indium oxide, zinc oxide, and tin oxide were obtained. The plasma was generated at various power and chamber pressures. These spectral data were then converted into two-dimensional arrays by implementing a basic array-reshaping technique and a more complex procedure utilizing an unsupervised deep-learning technique, known as the self-organizing-maps method. The two-dimensional images obtained from each single-emission spectrum of the plasma mimic an image that can then be used to train a convolutional neural network model capable of predicting certain plasma features, such as impurity levels in the sputtering target, working gas composition, plasma power, and chamber pressure during the machine operation. We show that our single-array-to-2D-array conversion technique, coupled with deep-learning techniques and computer vision, can achieve high predictive accuracy and can, therefore, be fundamental to the construction of a sputtering system’s digital twin.
A Step towards Sustainable Concrete with Substitution of Plastic Waste in Concrete: Overview on Mechanical, Durability and Microstructure Analysis
Authors: Ahmad Jawad , Majdi Ali , Babeker Elhag Ahmed , Deifalla Ahmed Farouk , Soomro Mahfooz , Isleem Haytham F. , Qaidi Shaker
Published: July 2022

Plastics have become an essential part of our daily lives, and global plastic production has increased dramatically in the past 50 years. This has significantly increased the amount of plastic garbage produced. Researchers have recently been interested in using trash and recyclable plastics in concrete as an ecologically acceptable building material. A large number of publications have been published that describe the behavior of concrete, containing waste and recovered plastic com ponents. However, information is scattered, and no one knows how plastic trash behaves as concrete materials. This research examines the use of plastic waste (PW) as aggregate or fiber in cement mortar and concrete manufacturing. The article reviewed the three most significant features of concrete: fresh properties, mechanical strength, and durability. PW and cement connections were also studied using microstructure analysis (scan electronic microscopy). The results showed that PW, as a fiber, enhanced mechanical performance, but PW, as a coarse aggregate, impaired concrete performance owing to poor bonding. The assessment also identified research needs in order to enhance the performance of PW-based concrete in the future.
Room-Temperature 181Ta(TiO2): An e-γ TDPAC Study
Authors: Yap Ian Chang Jie , Schell Juliana , Dang Thien Thanh , Noll Cornelia , Beck Reinhard , Köster Ulli , Mansano Ronaldo , Hofsäss Hans Christian
Published: July 2022

In this work, we report on the hyperfine parameters of the foreign 181Ta probe in the rutile structure of the single crystal TiO2 using the e−γ and γ−γ time differential perturbed angular correlation (TDPAC) technique. We implanted 181Hf ions into a sample of single crystal rutile TiO2 in the Bonn Isotope Separator. The implanted sample was then thermally annealed at a temperature of 873 K for 315 min in a vacuum. The 181Hf radioisotopes decayed by β− emission, followed by a cascade to the ground of γ rays or conversion electrons into a stable state 181Ta. The 181Ta probe substitutes the Ti lattice site with a unique nuclear quadrupole interaction, allowing for the precise measurement of the largest electric field gradient (Vzz) and asymmetry parameter (η). The hyperfine parameters obtained from the e−γ TDPAC spectroscopy agree with those of the γ−γ TDPAC spectroscopy at room temperature, apart from a calibration factor, both from our experiments and the literature. This suggests that the electronic recombination following the internal conversion of the L shell electron takes less time (ps) than the intermediate lifetime of the metastable 181Ta state (ns).
An RBD-Based Diagnostic Method Useful for the Surveillance of Protective Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the Population
Authors: Ayón-Núñez Dolores Adriana , Cervantes-Torres Jacquelynne , Cabello-Gutiérrez Carlos , Rosales-Mendoza Sergio , Rios-Valencia Diana , Huerta Leonor , Bobes Raúl J. , Carrero Julio César , Segura-Velázquez René , Fierro Nora Alma , Hernández Marisela , Zúñiga-Ramos Joaquín , Gamba Gerardo , Cárdenas Graciela , Frías-Jiménez Emmanuel , Herrera Luis Alonso , Fragoso Gladis , Sciutto Edda , Suárez-Güemes Francisco , Laclette Juan Pedro
Published: July 2022

After more than two years, the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing and evolving all over the world; human herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 increases either by infection or by unprecedented mass vaccination. A substantial change in population immunity is expected to contribute to the control of transmission. It is essential to monitor the extension and duration of the population’s immunity to support the decisions of health authorities in each region and country, directed to chart the progressive return to normality. For this purpose, the availability of simple and cheap methods to monitor the levels of relevant antibodies in the population is a widespread necessity. Here, we describe the development of an RBD-based ELISA for the detection of specific antibodies in large numbers of samples. The recombinant expression of an RBD-poly-His fragment was carried out using either bacterial or eukaryotic cells in in vitro culture. After affinity chromatography purification, the performance of both recombinant products was compared by ELISA in similar trials. Our results showed that eukaryotic RBD increased the sensitivity of the assay. Interestingly, our results also support a correlation of the eukaryotic RBD-based ELISA with other assays aimed to test for neutralizing antibodies, which suggests that it provides an indication of protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
Differentiating False Positive Lesions from Clinically Significant Cancer and Normal Prostate Tissue Using VERDICT MRI and Other Diffusion Models
Authors: Sen Snigdha , Valindria Vanya , Slator Paddy J. , Pye Hayley , Grey Alistair , Freeman Alex , Moore Caroline , Whitaker Hayley , Punwani Shonit , Singh Saurabh , Panagiotaki Eleftheria
Published: July 2022

False positives on multiparametric MRIs (mp-MRIs) result in many unnecessary invasive biopsies in men with clinically insignificant diseases. This study investigated whether quantitative diffusion MRI could differentiate between false positives, true positives and normal tissue non-invasively. Thirty-eight patients underwent mp-MRI and Vascular, Extracellular and Restricted Diffusion for Cytometry in Tumors (VERDICT) MRI, followed by transperineal biopsy. The patients were categorized into two groups following biopsy: (1) significant cancer—true positive, 19 patients; (2) atrophy/inflammation/high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)—false positive, 19 patients. The clinical apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were obtained, and the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and VERDICT models were fitted via deep learning. Significant differences (p < 0.05) between true positive and false positive lesions were found in ADC, IVIM perfusion fraction (f) and diffusivity (D), DKI diffusivity (DK) (p < 0.0001) and kurtosis (K) and VERDICT intracellular volume fraction (fIC), extracellular–extravascular volume fraction (fEES) and diffusivity (dEES) values. Significant differences between false positives and normal tissue were found for the VERDICT fIC (p = 0.004) and IVIM D. These results demonstrate that model-based diffusion MRI could reduce unnecessary biopsies occurring due to false positive prostate lesions and shows promising sensitivity to benign diseases.
Effects of TIMP1 rs4898 Gene Polymorphism on Early-Onset Preeclampsia Development and Placenta Weight
Authors: Mrozikiewicz Aleksandra E. , Kurzawińska Grażyna , Goździewicz-Szpera Agata , Potograbski Michał , Ożarowski Marcin , Karpiński Tomasz M. , Barlik Magdalena , Jędrzejczak Piotr , Drews Krzysztof
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Some evidence indicates that the improper trophoblast invasion of maternal spiral arteries could be caused by an imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), leading to preeclampsia (PE) development. This study aimed to assess the potential role of MMP1, MMP9, TIMP1 and TIMP2 gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of PE. Materials and methods: A total of 308 Polish women, 115 preeclamptic (55 with early-onset preeclampsia [EOPE], 60 with late-onset preeclampsia [LOPE]) and 193 healthy pregnant women, all of Caucasian origin, were recruited to the study. PE was diagnosed following the ACOG criteria. The polymorphic variants of the MMP-TIMP pathway (MMP1 rs1799750, MMP9 rs17576, MMP9 rs17577, TIMP1 rs4898, TIMP2 rs2277698, TIMP2 rs55743137) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: Analyzing all SNPs in the MMP-TIMP pathway, no significant differences in allele frequencies between preeclamptic women and controls were observed. However, comparing the EOPE and LOPE groups with each other, we observed a statistically significant difference between them for the TIMP1 rs4898 variant. In the whole group of 308 women, the mean placenta weight was the lowest in carriers of the rs4898 CC genotype. Post hoc analysis revealed significant differences between CC-CT (p = 0.0209) and CC-TT (p = 0.0469). Additionally, during allele analysis, a statistically significant difference in the mean placenta weight (for C allele 529.32 ± 157.11 g, for T allele 560.24 ± 162.24 g, p = 0.021) was also observed. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a relationship between TIMP1 rs4898 (372T > C) polymorphism and increased risk of early-onset preeclampsia in a population of pregnant Polish women. Our data suggest that the TIMP1 rs4898 C allele might be associated with increased risk for early-onset, but not for late-onset preeclampsia. To evaluate the role of the TIMP1 polymorphic variants in the etiopathology of preeclampsia, further studies with a larger sample size are needed.
Acquisition of Lower-Limb Motion Characteristics with a Single Inertial Measurement Unit—Validation for Use in Physiotherapy
Authors: Mitternacht Jürgen , Hermann Aljoscha , Carqueville Patrick
Published: July 2022

In physiotherapy, there is still a lack of practical measurement options to track the progress of therapy or rehabilitation following injuries to the lower limbs objectively and reproducibly yet simply and with minimal effort and time. We aim at filling this gap with the design of an IMU (inertial measurement unit) system with only one sensor placed on the tibia edge. In our study, the IMU system evaluated a set of 10 motion tests by a score value for each test and stored them in a database for a more reliable longitudinal assessment of the progress. The sensor analyzed the different motion patterns and obtained characteristic physiological parameters, such as angle ranges, and spatial and angular displacements, such as knee valgus under load. The scores represent the patient’s coordination, stability, strength and speed. To validate the IMU system, these scores were compared to corresponding values from a simultaneously recorded marker-based 3D video motion analysis of the measurements from five healthy volunteers. Score differences between the two systems were almost always within 1–3 degrees for angle measurements. Timing-related measurements were nearly completely identical. The tests on the valgus stability of the knee showed equally small deviations but should nevertheless be repeated with patients, because the healthy subjects showed no signs of instability.
The Potential of Marine Microalgae for the Production of Food, Feed, and Fuel (3F)
Authors: Mahata Chandan , Das Probir , Khan Shoyeb , Thaher Mahmoud I. A. , Abdul Quadir Mohammed , Annamalai Senthil Nagappan , Al Jabri Hareb
Published: July 2022

Whole-cell microalgae biomass and their specific metabolites are excellent sources of renewable and alternative feedstock for various products. In most cases, the content and quality of whole-cell biomass or specific microalgal metabolites could be produced by both fresh and marine microalgae strains. However, a large water footprint for freshwater microalgae strain is a big concern, especially if the biomass is intended for non-food applications. Therefore, if any marine microalgae could produce biomass of desired quality, it would have a competitive edge over freshwater microalgae. Apart from biofuels, recently, microalgal biomass has gained considerable attention as food ingredients for both humans and animals and feedstock for different bulk chemicals. In this regard, several technologies are being developed to utilize marine microalgae in the production of food, feed, and biofuels. Nevertheless, the production of suitable and cheap biomass feedstock using marine microalgae has faced several challenges associated with cultivation and downstream processing. This review will explore the potential pathways, associated challenges, and future directions of developing marine microalgae biomass-based food, feed, and fuels (3F).
The Effect of MUFA-Rich Food on Lipid Profile: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Controlled-Feeding Trials
Authors: Cao Xinyi , Xia Jiayue , Zhou Yuhao , Wang Yuanyuan , Xia Hui , Wang Shaokang , Liao Wang , Sun Guiju
Published: July 2022

Since the effects of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) on lipid profile are still controversial, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted in the present study to assess the effect of MUFA-rich food on lipid profiles. The study was designed, conducted, and reported according to the guidelines of the 2020 preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. A systematic and comprehensive search was performed in several databases from inception up to 30 January 2022. The results showed that the intake of edible oil-derived MUFA (EDM) could increase the blood HDL-C level (mean difference = 0.08; 95%CI: −0.01, 0.17, p = 0.03), but did not affect the level of TC, TG, or LDL-C. Moreover, the consumption of other food-derived MUFA (ODM) significantly decreased TG concentration (mean difference = −0.35; 95%CI: −0.61, −0.09, p = 0.01)), but did not affect the level of TC, LDL-C, or HDL-C. Findings from this study suggest that MUFA-rich food might be beneficial to modulate the blood lipid profile.
Myristicin and Elemicin: Potentially Toxic Alkenylbenzenes in Food
Authors: Götz Mario E. , Sachse Benjamin , Schäfer Bernd , Eisenreich Andreas
Published: July 2022

Alkenylbenzenes represent a group of naturally occurring substances that are synthesized as secondary metabolites in various plants, including nutmeg and basil. Many of the alkenylbenzene-containing plants are common spice plants and preparations thereof are used for flavoring purposes. However, many alkenylbenzenes are known toxicants. For example, safrole and methyleugenol were classified as genotoxic carcinogens based on extensive toxicological evidence. In contrast, reliable toxicological data, in particular regarding genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive toxicity is missing for several other structurally closely related alkenylbenzenes, such as myristicin and elemicin. Moreover, existing data on the occurrence of these substances in various foods suffer from several limitations. Together, the existing data gaps regarding exposure and toxicity cause difficulty in evaluating health risks for humans. This review gives an overview on available occurrence data of myristicin, elemicin, and other selected alkenylbenzenes in certain foods. Moreover, the current knowledge on the toxicity of myristicin and elemicin in comparison to their structurally related and well-characterized derivatives safrole and methyleugenol, especially with respect to their genotoxic and carcinogenic potential, is discussed. Finally, this article focuses on existing data gaps regarding exposure and toxicity currently impeding the evaluation of adverse health effects potentially caused by myristicin and elemicin.
Gellan Gum Is a Suitable Biomaterial for Manual and Bioprinted Setup of Long-Term Stable, Functional 3D-Adipose Tissue Models
Authors: Albrecht Franziska B. , Dolderer Vera , Nellinger Svenja , Schmidt Freia F. , Kluger Petra J.
Published: July 2022

Due to its wide-ranging endocrine functions, adipose tissue influences the whole body’s metabolism. Engineering long-term stable and functional human adipose tissue is still challenging due to the limited availability of suitable biomaterials and adequate cell maturation. We used gellan gum (GG) to create manual and bioprinted adipose tissue models because of its similarities to the native extracellular matrix and its easily tunable properties. Gellan gum itself was neither toxic nor monocyte activating. The resulting hydrogels exhibited suitable viscoelastic properties for soft tissues and were stable for 98 days in vitro. Encapsulated human primary adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were adipogenically differentiated for 14 days and matured for an additional 84 days. Live-dead staining showed that encapsulated cells stayed viable until day 98, while intracellular lipid staining showed an increase over time and a differentiation rate of 76% between days 28 and 56. After 4 weeks of culture, adipocytes had a univacuolar morphology, expressed perilipin A, and secreted up to 73% more leptin. After bioprinting establishment, we demonstrated that the cells in printed hydrogels had high cell viability and exhibited an adipogenic phenotype and function. In summary, GG-based adipose tissue models show long-term stability and allow ASCs maturation into functional, univacuolar adipocytes.
The Accessibility and the Digital Divide in the Apps during the COVID-19. Comment on Cao et al. The Impact of Using mHealth Apps on Improving Public Health Satisfaction during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Digital Content Value Chain Perspective. Healthcare 2022, 10, 479
Authors: Giansanti Daniele , Pirrera Antonia , Meli Paola
Published: July 2022

We are writing to you as the corresponding author of the interesting study “The Impact of Using mHealth Apps on Improving Public Health Satisfaction during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Digital Content Value Chain Perspective” [...]
Are Fruit Surface Differences in Two Blueberry Cultivars Major Drivers of Contrasting Postharvest Dynamics?
Authors: Moggia Claudia , Lara Isabel , Graell Jordi , Schmeda-Hirschmann Guillermo , Thomas-Valdés Samanta , Lobos Gustavo A.
Published: July 2022

Fresh blueberries are prone to softening and dehydration during postharvest, which limits their competitiveness when reaching the final markets. Commercial cultivars ‘Duke’ and ‘Brigitta’ exhibit contrasting softening patterns. Although ‘Duke’ berries usually show higher firmness levels at harvest as compared to ‘Brigitta’, they display higher softening and weight loss rates after cold storage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical changes and modifications in cuticle composition of ‘Duke’ and ‘Brigitta’ blueberries across five developmental stages: green (G), 25 and 50% pink (25P, 50P), and 75 and 100% blue (75B, 100B), to determine those characters with the most influence on their postharvest behavior. For each developmental stage, maturity parameters, respiration, and ethylene production rates were assessed, and cuticular wax and cutin were analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that ‘Duke’ berries were characterized by higher respiration and ethylene production rates, while ‘Brigitta’ showed higher contents of oleanolic acid and α-amyrin over total waxes. The results suggest that larger surface/volume ratios and higher amounts of ursolic acid and lupeol in ripe fruit may underlie higher weight and firmness loss rates of ‘Duke’ berries as compared to ‘Brigitta’.
Pathogenic Variants in Cardiomyopathy Disorder Genes Underlie Pediatric Myocarditis—Further Impact of Heterozygous Immune Disorder Gene Variants?
Authors: Seidel Franziska , Laser Kai Thorsten , Klingel Karin , Dartsch Josephine , Theisen Simon , Pickardt Thomas , Holtgrewe Manuel , Gärtner Anna , Berger Felix , Beule Dieter , Milting Hendrik , Schubert Stephan , Klaassen Sabine , Kühnisch Jirko
Published: July 2022

Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart. Pediatric myocarditis with the dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) phenotype may be caused by likely pathogenic or pathogenic genetic variants [(L)P] in cardiomyopathy (CMP) genes. Systematic analysis of immune disorder gene defects has not been performed so far. We analyzed 12 patients with biopsy-proven myocarditis and the DCM phenotype together with their parents using whole-exome sequencing (WES). The WES data were filtered for rare pathogenic variants in CMP (n = 89) and immune disorder genes (n = 631). Twelve children with a median age of 2.9 (1.0–6.8) years had a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 28% (22–32%) and myocarditis was confirmed by endomyocardial biopsy. Patients with primary immunodeficiency were excluded from the study. Four patients underwent implantation of a ventricular assist device and subsequent heart transplantation. Genetic analysis of the 12 families revealed an (L)P variant in the CMP gene in 8/12 index patients explaining DCM. Screening of recessive immune disorder genes identified a heterozygous (L)P variant in 3/12 index patients. This study supports the genetic impact of CMP genes for pediatric myocarditis with the DCM phenotype. Piloting the idea that additional immune-related genetic defects promote myocarditis suggests that the presence of heterozygous variants in these genes needs further investigation. Altered cilium function might play an additional role in inducing inflammation in the context of CMP.
Special Issue “Clinical and Physiological Consequences of Hypoxia/Hypoxemia in Healthy Subjects and Patients”
Authors: Meyer Michelle , Forrer Aglaia , Burtscher Martin , Furian Michael
Published: July 2022

This editorial of the Special Issue “Clinical and Physiological Consequences of Hypoxia/Hypoxemia in Healthy Subjects and Patients” aims to draw more attention to the broad and diverse field of hypoxia research and serves as an invitation for research groups to share their most recent findings with the medical community [...]
Immersive Virtual Reality as a Novel Physical Therapy Approach for Nonagenarians: Usability and Effects on Balance Outcomes of a Game-Based Exercise Program
Authors: Campo-Prieto Pablo , Cancela-Carral José Mª , Alsina-Rey Borja , Rodríguez-Fuentes Gustavo
Published: July 2022

Physical exercise has been recognized as an important strategy in the promotion of healthy aging. Positive effects on older adults’ motor ability are brought about by engaging their motor skills and promoting sensorimotor learning and cortical plasticity. These processes could be increased with the use of immersive virtual reality (IVR) technology, since the multisensory stimulation is greater. The aim of this study was to explore the usability and balance effects of an IVR exercise program in community-dwelling nonagenarian people. A sample of 12 women were allocated to an experimental group (EG n = 6; 91.67 ± 1.63 years) and a control group (CG n = 6; 90.83 ± 2.64 years). For 10 weeks, the EG used a commercial IVR exergame three times a week. All the sample completed the program without adverse effects (without Simulator Sickness Questionnaire symptoms). Post-gaming usability was good (System Usability Scale 78.33). The EG improved some balance parameters significantly (Tinetti test: balance (10.97 %; Sig = 0.017), gait (9.23%; Sig = 0.047) and total score (10.20%; Sig = 0.014) and maintained total TUG test times (−0.45%)). There were significant differences between groups (Tinetti test: balance (Sig = 0.004) and total score (Sig = 0.0032)). We successfully demonstrated that IVR training is feasible and is an effective and personalized method to enhance balance and to reduce the risk of falls in community-dwelling nonagenarian women.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Endometriosis and Endometriosis-Associated Infertility: Novel Approaches to an Old Problem
Authors: Laganà Antonio Simone , Vitagliano Amerigo , Chiantera Vito , Cicinelli Ettore
Published: July 2022

Endometriosis, defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue, glad and stroma outside the uterus [...]
Positive Effect of Manipulated Virtual Kinematic Intervention in Individuals with Traumatic Stiff Shoulder: A Pilot Study
Authors: Schwartz Isabella , Safran Ori , Karniel Naama , Abel Michal , Berko Adina , Seyres Martin , Tsoar Tamir , Portnoy Sigal
Published: July 2022

Virtual reality enables the manipulation of a patient’s perception, providing additional motivation to real-time biofeedback exercises. We aimed to test the effect of manipulated virtual kinematic intervention on measures of active and passive range of motion (ROM), pain, and disability level in individuals with traumatic stiff shoulder. In a double-blinded study, patients with stiff shoulder following proximal humerus fracture and non-operative treatment were randomly divided into a non-manipulated feedback group (NM-group; n = 6) and a manipulated feedback group (M-group; n = 7). The shoulder ROM, pain, and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) scores were tested at baseline and after 6 sessions, during which the subjects performed shoulder flexion and abduction in front of a graphic visualization of the shoulder angle. The biofeedback provided to the NM-group was the actual shoulder angle while the feedback provided to the M-group was manipulated so that 10° were constantly subtracted from the actual angle detected by the motion capture system. The M-group showed greater improvement in the active flexion ROM (p = 0.046) and DASH scores (p = 0.022). While both groups improved following the real-time virtual feedback intervention, the manipulated intervention provided to the M-group was more beneficial in individuals with traumatic stiff shoulder and should be further tested in other populations with orthopedic injuries.
Early Intensive Physical Rehabilitation Combined with a Protocolized Decannulation Process in Tracheostomized Survivors from Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia with Chronic Critical Illness
Authors: Lemyze Malcolm , Komorowski Matthieu , Mallat Jihad , Arumadura Clotilde , Pauquet Philippe , Kos Adrien , Granier Maxime , Grosbois Jean-Marie
Published: July 2022

(1) Background: Intensive care unit (ICU) survivors from severe COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) with chronic critical illness (CCI) may be considered vast resource consumers with a poor prognosis. We hypothesized that a holistic approach combining an early intensive rehabilitation with a protocol of difficult weaning would improve patient outcomes (2) Methods: A single-center retrospective study in a five-bed post-ICU weaning and intensive rehabilitation center with a dedicated fitness room specifically equipped to safely deliver physical activity sessions in frail patients with CCI. (3) Results: Among 502 CARDS patients admitted to the ICU from March 2020 to March 2022, 50 consecutive tracheostomized patients were included in the program. After a median of 39 ICU days, 25 days of rehabilitation were needed to restore patients’ autonomy (ADL, from 0 to 6; p < 0.001), to significantly improve their aerobic capacity (6-min walking test distance, from 0 to 253 m; p < 0.001) and to reduce patients’ vulnerability (frailty score, from 7 to 3; p < 0.001) and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS, from 18 to 10; p < 0.001). Forty-eight decannulated patients (96%) were discharged home. (4) Conclusions: A protocolized weaning strategy combined with early intensive rehabilitation in a dedicated specialized center boosted the physical and mental recovery.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Use and Outcomes of Cardiac Procedures in COPD Patients
Authors: de Miguel-Diez Javier , Jimenez-Garcia Rodrigo , de Miguel-Yanes Jose M. , Hernández-Barrera Valentin , Carabantes-Alarcon David , Zamorano-Leon Jose J. , Noriega Concepción , Lopez-de-Andres Ana
Published: July 2022

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use and outcomes of cardiac procedures among people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Spain. (2) Methods: We used national hospital discharge data to select patients admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of COPD from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020. (3) Results: The number of COPD patients hospitalized in 2019 who underwent a cardiac procedure was 4483, 16.2% higher than in 2020 (n = 3757). The length of hospital stay was significantly lower in 2020 than in 2019 (9.37 vs. 10.13 days; p = 0.004), and crude in-hospital mortality (IHM) was significantly higher (5.32% vs. 4.33%; p = 0.035). Multivariable logistic regression models to assess the differences in IHM from 2019 to 2020 showed Odds Ratio (OR) values over 1, suggesting a higher risk of dying in 2020 compared to in 2019. However, the ORs were only statistically significant for “any cardiac procedure” (1.18, 95% CI 1.03–1.47). The Charlson comorbidity index increased IHM for each of the procedures analyzed. The probability of IHM was higher for women and older patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft or open valve replacement procedures. Suffering a COVID-19 infection was associated with significantly higher mortality after cardiac procedures. (4) Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic limited the access to healthcare for patients with COPD.
Detecting Cocircular Subsets of a Spherical Set of Points
Authors: Ibrahim Basel , Kiryati Nahum
Published: July 2022

Given a spherical set of points, we consider the detection of cocircular subsets of the data. We distinguish great circles from small circles, and develop algorithms for detecting cocircularities of both types. The suggested approach is an extension of the Hough transform. We address the unique parameter-space quantization issues arising due to the spherical geometry, present quantization schemes, and evaluate the quantization-induced errors. We demonstrate the proposed algorithms by detecting cocircular cities and airports on Earth’s spherical surface. These results facilitate the detection of great and small circles in spherical images.
Deep Learning Approaches to Source Code Analysis for Optimization of Heterogeneous Systems: Recent Results, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Barchi Francesco , Parisi Emanuele , Bartolini Andrea , Acquaviva Andrea
Published: July 2022

To cope with the increasing complexity of digital systems programming, deep learning techniques have recently been proposed to enhance software deployment by analysing source code for different purposes, ranging from performance and energy improvement to debugging and security assessment. As embedded platforms for cyber-physical systems are characterised by increasing heterogeneity and parallelism, one of the most challenging and specific problems is efficiently allocating computational kernels to available hardware resources. In this field, deep learning applied to source code can be a key enabler to face this complexity. However, due to the rapid development of such techniques, it is not easy to understand which of those are suitable and most promising for this class of systems. For this purpose, we discuss recent developments in deep learning for source code analysis, and focus on techniques for kernel mapping on heterogeneous platforms, highlighting recent results, challenges and opportunities for their applications to cyber-physical systems.
A Three-Dimensional Slip Velocity Model for Water-Lubricated Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings
Authors: Gu Yandong , Cheng Jinwu , Sun Hao , Liang Ao , Cheng Li
Published: July 2022

Hydrodynamic journal bearings, coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and lubricated by water, have been widely used in ships and large-scale pumps, and the function is to maintain the stability of rotor system. However, slip velocity exists on the PTFE-coated surface, whose effect is still an open question. This study aims to investigate the static characteristics of water-lubricated hydrodynamic journal bearings under three-dimensional slip velocity boundary conditions. Firstly, under the non-slip boundary condition, the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) method with ANSYS Fluent is verified based on the Reynolds lubrication equation and the open literature. Then, a three-dimensional slip velocity equation that is based on the Navier slip velocity boundary condition is proposed and embedded into Fluent. Finally, the effects of slip length on the static characteristics are analyzed. Under the same eccentricity ratio, with the increase in slip length, the load capacity decreases due to the decrease of the pressure circumferential gradient, and the friction power decreases. Under the same eccentricity ratio and the same slip length, with the increase in the attitude angle, the load capacity and friction power increase. However, under the non-slip boundary condition, the effects of attitude angle on the load capacity and friction power are insignificant. This paper could provide a reference for studying slip velocity in the hydrodynamic journal bearing.
North/South Station Keeping of the GEO Satellites in Asymmetric Configuration by Electric Propulsion with Manipulator
Authors: Ye Lijun , Liu Chunyang , Zhu Wenshan , Yin Haining , Liu Fucheng , Baoyin Hexi
Published: July 2022

Geosynchronous orbit (GEO) is a very important strategic resource. In order to maximize the utilization of the GEO resources, the use of all-electric propulsion GEO platforms can greatly extend the service life of satellites. Therefore, this paper proposes a control scheme of the north/south station keeping (NSSK) by using electric propulsion with a manipulator. First, on the basis of the traditional calculation method of the semi-diurnal period of the orbital inclination, the calculation method of the semi-monthly period and the semi-annual period of the orbital inclination are proposed. The new method can reduce the fuel consumption and reduce the control amount and control frequency of the station keeping (SK). Secondly, a fuel-optimized NSSK algorithm by using electric propulsion with a manipulator is proposed. The algorithm can not only be applied to a large initial orbital inclination but also can unload the large angular momentum of the asymmetric satellites while keeping the north/south station, thereby avoiding the loss of control of the satellite’s attitude. The research results of this paper provide a new idea for the SK control of the GEO satellites and have great engineering application value.
Seed Protection of Solanum lycopersicum with Pythium oligandrum against Alternaria brassicicola and Verticillium albo-atrum
Authors: Bělonožníková Kateřina , Hýsková Veronika , Vašková Marie , Křížek Tomáš , Čokrtová Kateřina , Vaněk Tomáš , Halířová Lucie , Chudý Michal , Žufić Antoniana , Ryšlavá Helena
Published: July 2022

Pythium oligandrum, strain M1, is a soil oomycete successfully used as a biological control agent (BCA), protecting plants against fungal, yeast, and oomycete pathogens through mycoparasitism and elicitor-dependent plant priming. The not yet described Pythium strains, X42 and 00X48, have shown potential as BCAs given the high activity of their secreted proteases, endoglycosidases, and tryptamine. Here, Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Micro-Tom seeds were coated with Pythium strains, and seedlings were exposed to fungal pathogens, either Alternaria brassicicola or Verticillium albo-atrum. The effects of both infection and seed-coating on plant metabolism were assessed by determining the activity and isoforms of antioxidant enzymes and endoglycosidases and the content of tryptamine, amino acids, and heat shock proteins. Dual culture competition testing and microscopy analysis confirmed mycoparasitism in all three Pythium strains. In turn, seed treatment significantly increased the total free amino acid content, changing their abundance in both non-infected and infected plants. In response to pathogens, plant Hsp70 and Hsp90 isoform levels also varied among Pythium strains, most likely as a strategy for priming the plant against infection. Overall, our results show in vitro mycoparasitism between Pythium strains and fungal pathogens and in planta involvement of heat shock proteins in priming.
Special Issue: State-of-the-Art Nanophotonic and Optical Nanomaterials in China
Authors: Huang Kun , Zeng Heping
Published: July 2022

In recent years, the fields of nanophotonics and nano-optics have been greatly fueled by rapid advancements in photonic science and technology, especially by the emergence of novel optical nanomaterials and new functional nanostructures [...]
Electroactive Polymer-Based Composites for Artificial Muscle-like Actuators: A Review
Authors: Maksimkin Aleksey V. , Dayyoub Tarek , Telyshev Dmitry V. , Gerasimenko Alexander Yu.
Published: July 2022

Unlike traditional actuators, such as piezoelectric ceramic or metallic actuators, polymer actuators are currently attracting more interest in biomedicine due to their unique properties, such as light weight, easy processing, biodegradability, fast response, large active strains, and good mechanical properties. They can be actuated under external stimuli, such as chemical (pH changes), electric, humidity, light, temperature, and magnetic field. Electroactive polymers (EAPs), called ‘artificial muscles’, can be activated by an electric stimulus, and fixed into a temporary shape. Restoring their permanent shape after the release of an electrical field, electroactive polymer is considered the most attractive actuator type because of its high suitability for prosthetics and soft robotics applications. However, robust control, modeling non-linear behavior, and scalable fabrication are considered the most critical challenges for applying the soft robotic systems in real conditions. Researchers from around the world investigate the scientific and engineering foundations of polymer actuators, especially the principles of their work, for the purpose of a better control of their capability and durability. The activation method of actuators and the realization of required mechanical properties are the main restrictions on using actuators in real applications. The latest highlights, operating principles, perspectives, and challenges of electroactive materials (EAPs) such as dielectric EAPs, ferroelectric polymers, electrostrictive graft elastomers, liquid crystal elastomers, ionic gels, and ionic polymer–metal composites are reviewed in this article.
Optical Dynamics of Copper-Doped Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) and Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) Quantum-Dots Core/Shell Nanocrystals
Authors: Rashid Muhammad Haroon , Koel Ants , Rang Toomas , Nasir Nadeem , Sabir Nadeem , Ameen Faheem , Rasheed Abher
Published: July 2022

Recently, quantum-dot-based core/shell structures have gained significance due to their optical, optoelectronic, and magnetic attributes. Controlling the fluorescence lifetime of QDs shells is imperative for various applications, including light-emitting diodes and single-photon sources. In this work, novel Cu-doped CdS/ZnS shell structures were developed to enhance the photoluminescence properties. The objective was to materialize the Cu-doped CdS/ZnS shells by the adaptation of a two-stage high-temperature doping technique. The developed nanostructures were examined with relevant characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) emission/absorption spectroscopy. Studying fluorescence, we witnessed a sharp emission peak at a wavelength of 440 nm and another emission peak at a wavelength of 620 nm, related to the fabricated Cu-doped CdS/ZnS core/shell QDs. Our experimental results revealed that Cu-doped ZnS shells adopted the crystal structure of CdS due to its larger bandgap. Consequently, this minimized lattice mismatch and offered better passivation to any surface defects, resulting in increased photoluminescence. Our developed core/shells are highly appropriate for the development of efficient light-emitting diodes.
Cancer Targeting and Diagnosis: Recent Trends with Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Singh Ragini , Kumar Santosh
Published: July 2022

Cancer belongs to a category of disorders characterized by uncontrolled cell development with the potential to invade other bodily organs, resulting in an estimated 10 million deaths globally in 2020. With advancements in nanotechnology-based systems, biomedical applications of nanomaterials are attracting increasing interest as prospective vehicles for targeted cancer therapy and enhancing treatment results. In this context, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently garnered a great deal of interest in the field of cancer diagnosis and treatment due to various factors such as biocompatibility, thermodynamic properties, and varied functionalization. In the present review, we will discuss recent advancements regarding CNT contributions to cancer diagnosis and therapy. Various sensing strategies like electrochemical, colorimetric, plasmonic, and immunosensing are discussed in detail. In the next section, therapy techniques like photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, drug targeting, gene therapy, and immunotherapy are also explained in-depth. The toxicological aspect of CNTs for biomedical application will also be discussed in order to ensure the safe real-life and clinical use of CNTs.
Nanoscale Structure of Langmuir–Blodgett Film of Bent-Core Molecules
Authors: Adamo Fabrizio Corrado , Ciuchi Federica , De Santo Maria Penelope , Astolfi Paola , Warner Isabelle , Scharrer Eric , Pisani Michela , Vita Francesco , Francescangeli Oriano
Published: July 2022

Bent-core mesogens (BCMs) are a class of thermotropic liquid crystals featuring several unconventional properties. However, the interpretation and technological exploitation of their unique behavior have been hampered by the difficulty of controlling their anchoring at surfaces. To tackle this issue, we report the nanoscale structural characterization of BCM films prepared using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. Even though BCMs are quite different from typical amphiphilic molecules, we demonstrate that stable molecular films form over water, which can then be transferred onto silicon substrates. The combination of Brewster angle microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray reflectivity measurements shows that the molecules, once transferred onto a solid substrate, form a bilayer structure with a bottom layer of flat molecules and an upper layer of upright molecules. These results suggest that Langmuir–Blodgett films of BCMs can provide a useful means to control the alignment of this class of liquid crystals.
Designed Mini Protein 20 Mimicking Uricase Encapsulated in ZIF-8 as Nanozyme Biosensor for Uric Acid Detection
Authors: Abdul Aziz Siti Fatimah Nur , Salleh Abu Bakar , Ashari Siti Efliza , Normi Yahaya M. , Yusof Nor Azah , Alang Ahmad Shahrul Ainliah
Published: July 2022

This work presents the use of encapsulated mini protein 20 mimicking uricase (mp20)-zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) as a bioreceptor for the development of a nanozyme-based electrochemical biosensor for uric acid detection. The electrochemical performance of the biofunctionalized mp20@ZIF-8 on the reduced graphene oxide/screen-printed carbon electrode (rGO/SPCE) was investigated by optimizing operating parameters such as pH, deposition potential, and deposition time using a central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). The quadratic regression model was developed to correlate the combination of each variable to the oxidation current density as a response. A significant effect on current response was observed under optimized conditions of pH of 7.4 at −0.35 V deposition potential and 56.56 s deposition time, with p < 0.05 for each interacted factor. The obtained coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9992 indicated good agreement with the experimental finding. The developed nanozyme biosensor (mp20@ZIF-8/rGO/SPCE) exhibited high selectivity in the presence of the same fold concentration of interfering species with a detection limit of 0.27 μM, over a concentration range of 1 to 34 μM. The practicality of the tailored biosensor in monitoring uric acid in human serum and urine samples was validated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a commercial uric acid meter. Hence, nanozyme-based is a promising platform that offers a rapid, sensitive, selective, and low-cost biosensor for the non-enzymatic detection of uric acid in biological samples.
Special Issue on Advanced Mechanical Modeling of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures
Authors: Dimitri Rossana , Tornabene Francesco
Published: July 2022

The increased requirements in design and manufacturing nanotechnology have favored the development of enhanced composite materials with tailored properties, such as functionally graded (FG) and carbon-based materials, primarily carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene sheets or nanoplatelets, because of their remarkable mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and high permeability [...]
Efficient Excitation and Tuning of Multi-Fano Resonances with High Q-Factor in All-Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Wang Yunyan , Zhou Chen , Huo Yiping , Cui Pengfei , Song Meina , Liu Tong , Zhao Chen , Liao Zuxiong , Zhang Zhongyue , Xie You
Published: July 2022

Exciting Fano resonance can improve the quality factor (Q-factor) and enhance the light energy utilization rate of optical devices. However, due to the large inherent loss of metals and the limitation of phase matching, traditional optical devices based on surface plasmon resonance cannot obtain a larger Q-factor. In this study, a silicon square-hole nano disk (SHND) array device is proposed and studied numerically. The results show that, by breaking the symmetry of the SHND structure and transforming an ideal bound state in the continuum (BIC) with an infinite Q-factor into a quasi-BIC with a finite Q-factor, three Fano resonances can be realized. The calculation results also show that the three Fano resonances with narrow linewidth can produce significant local electric and magnetic field enhancements: the highest Q-factor value reaches 35,837, and the modulation depth of those Fano resonances can reach almost 100%. Considering these properties, the SHND structure realizes multi-Fano resonances with a high Q-factor, narrow line width, large modulation depth and high near-field enhancement, which could provide a new method for applications such as multi-wavelength communications, lasing, and nonlinear optical devices.
Controlled Synthesis of Platinum and Silver Nanoparticles Using Multivalent Ligands
Authors: Perumal Suguna , Atchudan Raji , Rühl Eckart , Graf Christina
Published: July 2022

Here, the controlled formation of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using amine-functionalized multivalent ligands are reported. The effects of reaction temperature and ligand multivalency on the growth kinetics, size, and shape of PtNPs and AgNPs were systematically studied by performing a stepwise and a one-step process. PtNPs and AgNPs were prepared in the presence of amine ligands using platinum (II) acetylacetonate and silver (I) acetylacetonate, respectively. The effects of ligands and temperature on the formation of PtNPs were studied using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). For the characterization of AgNPs, additionally, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption was employed. The TEM measurements revealed that PtNPs prepared at different temperatures (160–200 °C, in a stepwise process) are monodispersed and of spherical shape regardless of the ligand multivalency or reaction temperature. In the preparation of PtNPs by the one-step process, ligands affect the shape of the PtNPs, which can be explained by the affinity of the ligands. The TEM and UV-Vis absorption studies on the formation of AgNPs with mono-, di-, and trivalent ligands showed narrower size distributions, while increasing the temperature from 80 °C to 120 °C and with a trivalent ligand in a one-step process.