bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-spacecraft Observations of the Evolution of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections between 0.3 and 2.2 au: Conjunctions with the Juno Spacecraft
Authors: Davies Emma E. , Winslow Réka M. , Scolini Camilla , Forsyth Robert J. , Möstl Christian , Lugaz Noé , Galvin Antoinette B.
Published: July 2022

We present a catalog of 35 interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) observed by the Juno spacecraft and at least one other spacecraft during its cruise phase to Jupiter. We identify events observed by MESSENGER, Venus Express, Wind, and STEREO with magnetic features that can be matched unambiguously with those observed by Juno. A multi-spacecraft study of ICME properties between 0.3 and 2.2 au is conducted: we first investigate the global expansion by tracking the variation in magnetic field strength with increasing heliocentric distance of individual ICME events, finding significant variability in magnetic field relationships for individual events in comparison with statistical trends. With the availability of plasma data at 1 au, the local expansion at 1 au can be compared with global expansion rates between 1 au and Juno. Despite following expected trends, the local and global expansion rates are only weakly correlated. Finally, for those events with clearly identifiable magnetic flux ropes, we investigate the orientation of the flux rope axis as they propagate; we find that 64% of events displayed a decrease in inclination with increasing heliocentric distance, and 40% of events undergo a significant change in orientation as they propagate toward Juno. The multi-spacecraft catalog produced in this study provides a valuable link between ICME observations in the inner heliosphere and beyond 1 au, thereby improving our understanding of ICME evolution.
Tidal Disruption on Stellar-mass Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Yang Y. , Bartos I. , Fragione G. , Haiman Z. , Kowalski M. , Márka S. , Perna R. , Tagawa H.
Published: July 2022

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can funnel stars and stellar remnants from the vicinity of the galactic center into the inner plane of the AGN disk. Stars reaching this inner region can be tidally disrupted by the stellar-mass black holes in the disk. Such micro tidal disruption events (micro-TDEs) could be a useful probe of stellar interaction with the AGN disk. We find that micro-TDEs in AGNs occur at a rate of ∼170 Gpc−3 yr−1. Their cleanest observational probe may be the electromagnetic detection of tidal disruption in AGNs by heavy supermassive black holes (M
• ≳ 108
M
⊙) that cannot tidally disrupt solar-type stars. The reconstructed rate of such events from observations, nonetheless, appears to be much lower than our estimated micro-TDE rate. We discuss two such micro-TDE candidates observed to date (ASASSN-15lh and ZTF19aailpwl).
Experimental Constraints on Deliquescence of Calcium Perchlorate Mixed with a Mars Regolith Analog
Authors: Slank Rachel A. , Rivera-Valentín Edgard G. , Chevrier Vincent F.
Published: July 2022

Hygroscopic salts within the Martian regolith may actively participate in the near-surface water cycle by exchanging water vapor via solid-state salt hydration and deliquescence. To elucidate this process, experimental work has constrained the phase diagram of Mars-relevant salts and the stability of the resultant brines. However, salt interactions with a Mars-like regolith, which itself can exchange water vapor with the atmosphere via adsorption, has not yet been well explored. Here, to better understand water exchange with a salty Mars-like regolith and, particularly, the potential to form brines, we have conducted a series of experiments using JSC Mars-1 regolith simulant mixed with calcium perchlorate in a Mars simulation chamber at a temperature <5°C and a relative humidity <20%. During the experiments, we measured the sample mass, as well as the temperature and relative humidity of the sample and the chamber. We found that the water uptake of a salty Mars-like regolith is about twice as fast as that of a salt-free regolith. Furthermore, we found evidence to suggest that deliquescence occurred; however, not all the salt within the sample may have entered solution. The amount of water in solution was small and did not lead to regolith darkening. Our results suggest that, under the tested experimental conditions, salt deliquescence and regolith adsorption can occur simultaneously.
Records of the eel-goby, Taenioides snyderi (Actinopterygii: Gobiiformes: Gobiidae), from Taiwan
Authors: Koreeda Reo , Ho Hsuan-Cing , Motomura Hiroyuki
Published: July 2022

Four gobiid specimens collected from the western coast of Taiwan were identified as Taenioides snyderi Jordan et Hubbs, 1925, being characterized by 51–55 (total) dorsal-fin rays, 44–46 (total) anal-fin rays, 17–19 pectoral-fin rays, 10 + 21 = 31 vertebrae, 3 paired barbels on the chin surface, the pelvic-fin base fused by membrane to the abdomen, and the pattern of the dermal folds with sensory papillae on the head and body. Taenioides snyderi has been recorded to date only from Japanese waters, although the likelihood of a wider distribution has been suggested by molecular analysis. This study represents the first specimen-based records of the species outside Japan, with data adding to our knowledge of a poorly known fish group.
Insights from feminist geography: positionality, knowledge production, and difference
Authors: Elledge Annie M.
Published: July 2022

Feminist geographers investigate the messy, power-laden, and embodied relationships humans and non-humans have with their environment. This review examines foundational texts in feminist geography in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom and more recent work that engages with Black geographies, Indigenous geographies, and disability geographies. I discuss three important considerations in feminist geography: knowledge production, the formation of difference, and critical reflexivity. To do this, I trace the historical development of feminist geography as a subdiscipline to identify the numerous ways that feminists intervene within Geography.
In vivo antitumor activity study of targeted chlorambucil-loaded nanolipid carrier for breast cancer
Authors: Sahib Ameer S. , Wennas Osamah N. , Mahdi Bassam Wafaa , Al abood Raid Mohamed
Published: July 2022

Chlorambucil (CBL) is an efficient anticancer drug. It is a lipophilic agent with serious adverse effects. The objective of this study was to formulate a CBL-loaded nanolipid carrier and target breast cancer using folic acid as a targeting probe. Characterizations of the optimum formulation were 79.9±3% EE after the addition of 4mg CBL, 119±6nm particle size which is considered appropriate for parenteral use, 0.3±0.02 PDI, -42±1mV ZP that stabilized the formulation. Tumor volume, body weight, and tumor mass weight were recorded to evaluate tumor volume doubling time, tumor growth inhibition rate, and systemic toxicity. It appeared there was a significant antitumor activity of targeted formulation compared with non-targeted one and free CBL. Moreover, the systemic toxicity was less after body weight evaluation concerning the targeted formulation when compared with other formulations.
L’inceste, profanation de l’enfance
Authors: Nahoum-Grappe Véronique
Published: July 2022

L’inceste a été recouvert par la question théorique de son interdit. Aujourd’hui, en raison de certaines évolutions sociales, nous redécouvrons le crime. La dépendance, la vulnérabilité et la confiance de l’enfant envers ses parents font de l’inceste un crime de profanation.
La quête de pureté
Authors: Testart Jacques
Published: July 2022

Contrairement à ce qu’affirme le Comité consultatif national d’éthique, les diagnostics génétiques font bien de l’eugénisme, en dépit de l’absence de toute coercition : il s’agit d’améliorer l’espèce humaine. Le refus des naissance différentes porte ainsi atteinte à l’intégrité de l’espèce.
La guerre en Ukraine, une nouvelle crise nucléaire ?
Authors: Mongin Dominique
Published: July 2022

La stratégie russe en Ukraine relève de la dissuasion offensive, dans l’objectif de déconstruire l’espace européen démocratique. Elle exige une nouvelle architecture de sécurité de l’Europe, y compris une stratégie de dissuasion commune.
Vieillissement réussi, âgisme et persistance des rapports d’âge et de genre
Authors: Calasanti Toni , King Neal , Repetti Marion
Published: July 2022

Le paradigme gérontologique du vieillissement réussi vise à minimiser les conséquences du vieillissement. Il ne remet cependant pas en cause les rapports d’âge qui stigmatisent et dévalorisent la vieillesse. Au contraire, il pousse chacun·e à assumer individuellement les conséquences de cette stigmatisation, en imposant le devoir de résister à la vieillesse. Des entretiens avec des personnes d’âge moyen aux États-Unis sur le vieillissement réussi montrent qu’elles ont toutes recours à des régimes, à des compléments alimentaires et à de l’exercice. Elles se différencient selon le sexe, les hommes cherchant à faire preuve d’un travail qualifié et laborieux, alors que les femmes se concentrent davantage sur le maintien d’une apparence attirante. Les personnes interviewées s’accordent à dire qu’elles doivent s’efforcer d’être actives et énergiques. Elles se distancient également de la vieillesse, exprimant la peur de vieillir et s’efforçant de conserver un statut d’âge moyen. Le vieillissement des femmes est jugé moins réussi, leur passage à la vieillesse plus rapide. Le paradigme gérontologique du vieillissement réussi n’atténue pas les inégalités qui rendent la vieillesse plus difficile que nécessaire.
Le patriarcat d’outre-tombe. Veuvage, réversion et recomposition des rapports sociaux à l’âge de la retraite
Authors: Hobeika Paul
Published: July 2022

Cet article a pour ambition d’étudier comment l’exploitation du travail des femmes dans la sphère domestique évolue avec l’âge, et de décrire les mécanismes spécifiques de sa continuation lors de la retraite. L’analyse porte plus précisément sur les pensions de réversion, appréhendées comme une forme de valorisation du travail domestique effectué par les femmes dans le cadre du mariage. Comparant, à partir d’une enquête ethnographique, les conditions pratiques de l’attribution des pensions de réversion avec celles des retraites, l’auteur montre que ces pensions de réversion constituent un instrument d’action publique qui, en articulation avec des inégalités de classe et selon les trajectoires migratoires, perpétue l’ordre du genre.
Remettre les vieilles de la marge au centre avec une recherche participative
Authors: Buchter Lisa , Guinchard Mina , Le Roux Annie
Published: July 2022

Cet article explore l’invisibilisation, puis la remise en lumière des femmes – et plus particulièrement des vieilles – dans une recherche action participative (RAP) qui pense les nouvelles façons d’habiter dans les vieillesses. Il rend compte des méthodes mises en place pour rendre visibles et audibles les vieilles de cette RAP. L’article poursuit un objectif double. D’une part, remettre au cœur du dispositif d’enquête les rapports sociaux de genre et d’âge qui en ont été écartés, alors même qu’ils sont au cœur du sujet porté par l’association qui initie cette recherche. D’autre part, analyser les processus qui ont conduit à cette éviction et montrer les outils mis en œuvre pour « parler avec » les vieilles de la RAP et permettre la co-construction des savoirs.
À la recherche du point de basculement sur le marché du logement : les résultats d’une expérience de terrain
Authors: Chareyron Sylvain , Gorohouna Samuel , L’Horty Yannick , Petit Pascale , Ris Catherine
Published: July 2022

Cet article étudie économétriquement la relation entre la discrimination liée à l’origine éthnique et la composition ethnique des quartiers. En particulier, nous recherchons la présence d’une non-linéarité dans la relation, qui pourrait être indicative d’un point de basculement dans la composition ethnique. Pour ce faire, nous mesurons la discrimination dans l’accès au logement en Nouvelle-Calédonie avec une vaste expérience de terrain. Entre 2015 et 2017, nous avons envoyé six demandes de location à 741 annonces immobilières, soit un total de 3 616 observations. Les différents candidats ont des noms européens, kanaks et wallisiens et montrent différents signaux de qualité. En utilisant les données du recensement, nous apparions la localisation de l’offre à la composition ethnique du quartier. Les résultats montrent une discrimination ethnique plus faible dans les quartiers où la part des minorités est supérieure à 40 %. La discrimination reste cependant importante dans les quartiers composés principalement de minorités ethniques. Classification JEL  : J15, R23, C93.
De Libra 1.0 à Libra 2.0 (Diem) : entre échec programmé et pertinence renouvelée pour l’économie politique
Authors: Pilkington Marc
Published: July 2022

Nous nous penchons sur l’annonce par Facebook en Juin 2019 du lancement de Libra, une monnaie digitale, gérée par un consortium d’acteurs privés, et adossée à un panier de monnaies fiduciaires. Dans une première partie, nous analysons la nature de ce projet en deux temps correspondant à deux moutures successives, respectivement Libra 1.0 et Libra 2.0 (Diem). Dans une seconde partie, nous proposons une évaluation critique de Libra 1.0 en mobilisant des questions centrales aussi diverses que l’avènement des monnaies privées, la comparaison avec les caisses d’émission, et la confidentialité des données personnelles. Même si toutes ces interrogations sont loin d’être effacées, nous analysons dans une troisième partie le potentiel renouvelé du projet retoqué via le mode de gouvernance monétaire sous-jacent ainsi que le lien complexe avec les monnaies numériques de banque centrale (MNBC).
The Role of Environmental Practices and Innovation in Total Factor Productivity Convergence – Evidence from Small and Medium-sized Manufacturing Enterprises in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen-Huu Thanh Tam , Minh Huy Nguyen Khac , Tran-Nam Quoc
Published: July 2022

Cette recherche examine le lien entre la conformité environnementale, l’innovation et la convergence de la productivité totale des facteurs. Nous utilisons deux mesures de pratiques environnementales : la norme de certification environnementale et le traitment environnemental. Quant à l’innovation, il s’agit d’une variable qualitative ayant trois modalités croissantes : aucune innovation, innovation de produit ou de procédé et deux types d’innovation. En utilisant une base de données des petites et moyennes entreprises manufacturières vietnamiennes entre 2007 et 2015, les pratiques environnementales ne sont pas corrélées avec la productivité totale des facteurs. En revanche, il existe une forte corrélation entre l’innovation et le traitement environnemental. Les facteurs qui contribuent au taux de croissance de la productivité des entreprises, et par conséquent à la vitesse de convergence, sont l’innovation, la taille de l’entreprise et la forme juridique.
« Faiblesse des viviers féminins » ou « engorgement » masculin des sommets ?
Authors: Lecler Romain , Goltrant Yann
Published: July 2022

Malgré l’affichage d’une « diplomatie féministe », le ministère français des Affaires étrangères reste sanctionné depuis plusieurs années car il ne nomme pas assez de femmes à ses sommets. À partir de la saisie manuelle de notices biographiques des annuaires diplomatiques, nous montrons la fragilité de l’explication avancée par le ministère en termes de « faiblesse des viviers féminins ». Parmi 1 727 femmes diplomates recrutées depuis 1945, 150 à 200 sont en réalité en situation d’être nommées aux 300 postes d’encadrement du ministère en 2015 (elles n’en occupent qu’un quart). Les femmes sont en effet passées de 8 % après la guerre à plus d’un tiers des diplomates. La comparaison entre hommes et femmes diplomates en poste en 2015 met aussi en évidence une forte atténuation des inégalités chez les moins de 40 ans. Mais le problème réside notamment dans le « cadenas » de l’ENA, l’une des deux voies d’accès aux postes d’encadrement : 6 diplomates énarques sur 7 sont des hommes, et 4 % des femmes de moins de 40 ans sont diplômées de l’ENA contre 10 % des hommes. Sur les quelque 650 diplomates aux propriétés les plus légitimes au ministère en 2015, trois quarts sont ainsi des hommes. Cet « engorgement » masculin des sommets caractérise un type d’organisation administrative aux carrières longues et surdéterminées par les modes d’entrée.
Les représentations de l’épidémie de Covid-19 à l’épreuve des différences sociales et du temps
Authors: Maudet Marion , Spire Alexis
Published: July 2022

Les termes choisis pour évoquer l’épidémie de Covid-19 révèlent plusieurs types de rapport à cet évènement inscrit dans la durée : les représentations changent selon le genre, l’âge, le diplôme, la catégorie socioprofessionnelle, et selon la position dans la sphère domestique et la confrontation directe à la maladie. À partir de l’exploitation statistique de réponses à une question ouverte posée lors de deux passations d’une enquête portant sur le coronavirus entre avril et juin 2020, sur un même panel, nous mettons en lumière deux rapports très différents à l’épidémie : une relation personnelle qui se rencontre davantage chez les femmes et consiste à appréhender les effets de la maladie à l’échelle de l’espace domestique ou de sa santé individuelle, et une relation politique, plus masculine, qui se situe à une échelle plus globale. Alors que la relation personnelle reste relativement stable, la relation politique est plus fluctuante, et fait l’objet de reformulations successives.
Dire sa date de mariage ou de Pacs
Authors: Rault Wilfried , Régnier-Loilier Arnaud
Published: July 2022

Dans les enquêtes par questionnaire, le recueil de dates donne souvent lieu à des réponses incomplètes ou qui occasionnent un certain délai de réflexion. Cet aspect est peu étudié par la démarche quantitative, qui vise avant tout à la production de données standardisées. À partir de la collecte des dates d’entrée dans un Pacs ou un mariage dans l’« Étude des parcours individuels et conjugaux » (« Épic ») (Ined-Insee, 2013-2014), qui comprenait un indicateur expérimental de spontanéité des réponses, cet article examine l’hypothèse selon laquelle les différentes manières de répondre à ces questions a une signification. Il montre que le fait de renseigner une date rapidement, avec un délai de réponse ou de manière partielle renvoie au sens que les individus donnent aux évènements qui s’y rattachent et à leur mise en scène. En retour, la spontanéité des réponses aux dates fournit un élément de compréhension de la signification sociale de ces évènements.
Qui suis-je pour juger ?
Authors: Hervouet Lucile
Published: July 2022

En Polynésie française, les violences sexuelles intrafamiliales ont été récemment reconnues comme une priorité de l’action publique. Cependant, les professionnel·le·s situé·e·s en première ligne sont parfois réticent·e·s à signaler les cas révélés ou suspectés, même lorsqu’ils et elles en reconnaissent la gravité. En régulant la parole, en temporisant le dévoilement, en normalisant les violences ou en minimisant leur impact, certain·e·s participent à la construction de l’inceste et du viol conjugal comme des problèmes qui ne font pas de bruit. Si ces mécanismes de silenciation ne sont pas spécifiques au contexte polynésien, les acteur·rice·s se saisissent de mythes et de stéréotypes concernant le rapport à la sexualité et à la violence dans le Pacifique pour les justifier. Ces pratiques sont structurées par une série de contraintes et de conflits moraux, ainsi que par un prisme culturaliste convoqué pour réduire la complexité d’un problème vis-à-vis duquel ils et elles s’estiment démuni·e·s et en partie illégitimes à agir.
Les intimités déviantes du capitalisme
Authors: Trachman Mathieu
Published: July 2022

Paru en 1983, l’article de John D’Emilio « Capitalisme et identité gaie » propose une approche historiciste de l’homosexualité en inscrivant son émergence dans les évolutions du capitalisme et tire ses conséquences pour le mouvement homosexuel. Après avoir distingué ce programme de deux autres positions historicistes, celle de la sociologie de la déviance et l’analyse foucaldienne du pouvoir, ce texte montre que l’article ouvre sur une politique des devenirs et des contradictions, attentive aux conditions de possibilités historiques de formes de conjugalité et de parentalité plus justes, et à l’insécurité émotionnelle qu’impliquent les intimités déviantes. Trois questions sont posées par l’article de D’Emilio : le nombre d’homosexuel·le·s, les limites des réflexions en termes d’identité, les spécificités de leurs modes de vie. Au-delà de l’homosexualité, les rapports de genre et les modalités d’une intimité communautaire apparaissent comme des enjeux politiques actuels.
Patient·e·s régulier·e·s de médecines complémentaires et alternatives (MCA)
Authors: Kurek Adrien
Published: July 2022

Cet article entend contribuer à l’étude sociologique de la patientèle des médecines complémentaires et alternatives (MCA). Par le biais d’une analyse factorielle présentant l’espace des pratiques, d’une analyse d’entretiens (n = 12) réalisés auprès de patient·e·s de MCA et de plusieurs observations ethnographiques de salons du bien-être, l’article restitue la logique du recours aux MCA. Il reconstitue les trois étapes d’une carrière thérapeutique et montre qu’elle propose à terme une réforme générale de leur quotidien de vie aux patient·e·s de MCA, qui dépasse alors les enjeux de santé stricto sensu .
L’Exil et l’utopie
Authors: Bernadet Arnaud
Published: July 2022

L’aventure politique détermine le sens de l’écriture chez Verlaine : sa manière. Contre la tradition qui a cultivé l’image affadissante d’un chantre élégiaque, aux accents pathétiques, cet essai montre avec force qu’il a été un poète résolument engagé dans son siècle.Si l’écrivain s’énonce toujours « en sourdine » ou sur le « mode mineur », c’est qu’il y reconnaît, en vers comme en prose, l’expression d’une éthique et d’une politique destinées aux victimes de l’histoire. Verlaine écrit d’abord pour les humbles, les sans-noms, tous ceux qui sont réduits au silence, et ne savent pas qu’ils ont droit au monde.L’emblème en serait le projet des Vaincus, un livre qui a hanté le poète de 1867 à 1874. Car il illustre une tension fondamentale entre l’exil et l’utopie, qui traverse toute l’œuvre. De Poèmes saturniens à Sagesse et Bonheur, une même relation unit le sujet à l’histoire : démocrate et socialiste au temps du bonapartisme, chrétien en pleine ère laïque et républicaine, il reste exclu et dominé. Exilé, le sujet renouvelle sans cesse l’exigence critique d’un monde meilleur. Le sens de l’utopie fonde le devenir de l’œuvre chez Verlaine.
La (dé)ségrégation des toilettes
Authors: Bony Henri , Moron-Puech Benjamin , Mosconi Léa
Published: July 2022

Cet article étudie les dispositifs spatiaux au sein des toilettes non domestiques et interroge la ségrégation homme femme à l’œuvre dans ces lieux. L’objectif de cette contribution est de comprendre comment les normes architecturales – entendues comme les normes de nature technique touchant à l’architecture, que ces normes soient édictées par le pouvoir réglementaire ou issues des usages façonnés par les pratiques individuelles – contribuent à minoriser certaines catégories de la population à raison de leurs pratiques sexuelles, de leur identité ou expression de genre et/ou de leurs caractéristiques sexuées. Il s’agit de dévoiler comment ces techniques architecturales, en apparence neutres, affectent des groupes de population vulnérable et à entretenir des stéréotypes de genre dont peuvent également pâtir les hommes et les femmes cisgenres. L’ambition est de rendre visible la dureté voire la violence que peut constituer cette ségrégation des toilettes et d’entamer une réflexion sur les alternatives possibles.
Objets et production de genre
Authors: Armangau Yael
Published: July 2022

À partir des compénétrations entre les champs des feminist technological studies, des trans studies et des études trans, l’article développe une réflexion sur la manière de penser le rapport d’assemblage entre genre et techniques. Plus précisément, il interroge l’appropriation d’objets et de techniques par les personnes transmasculines et non binaires en s’appuyant sur des photographies d’objets exposés au Museum of Transology en Angleterre et des étiquettes qui les accompagnent. Ce travail permet de faire émerger des formes de (trans)masculinités plurielles et ajustables dans lesquelles les corps et les techniques dialoguent ensemble.
From the Office to WFH to RTO . . . Kinda
Authors: Sabia Kirsten , Cordero David
Published: July 2022

This chapter provides an in-depth behind-the-scenes look at how the COVID-19 pandemic changed the sports—and golf—landscape in 2020. At the employee level, the tour had no choice but to develop a plan that had no playbook. Utilizing leadership traits and transparent communications that were frequent, the tour persevered through the toughest challenge of its 50+ year history. At the same time, the organization underwent a massive transition to a new campus, breaking down barriers and embracing change.
Overview of Translational Activities to Promote the Inclusion of Migrant Population in Health Communication
Authors: Jiménez-Castro María , Rivera-Trigueros Irene , Olvera-Lobo María-Dolores
Published: July 2022

The phenomenon of migration makes our societies more plural and diverse. However, it can also be a potential source of inequalities, namely in the field of health communication. Cultural and language barriers, amongst others, can lead to difficulties in access to health information, resulting in disparities between migrant and native populations. In this context, it is legitimate to question whether translational activities can play a key role in the inclusion of migrant people. The aim of this work is to retrieve and analyze the existing literature on this topic so as to discuss the role of translational activities, namely transcreation, in the adaptation of healthcare materials as well as to analyze the adaptational processes that can be implemented in translational activities for the inclusion of migrant people.
Exploring Digital Self Among the 21st Century African Consumer
Authors: Emmanuel-Stephen Christiana
Published: July 2022

In its general form, consumer behaviour is an enthralling phenomenon. It is even more fascinating when measured in the viewpoint of heterogeneity among consumer groups. One of the supporting ideologies in marketing is the theory of market segmentation, which emphasizes the fact that we are considerably constrained in our knowledge of consumer behaviour without recourse to the typically obvious factors that differentiates one consumer group from another. Using demography suggests that it is intelligible to distinguish the old consumer from the 21st century consumer. The 21st century consumer is considered a young consumer; however, there has been very little thinking about the concept of the consumer since the dawn of professional marketing.
Consumer Ageism Towards the Older Population
Authors: Purushottam Neha
Published: July 2022

The share of old age population is growing across the world, and developing countries are going to see the impact of such demographic change in the coming years. Ageism is identified as a major challenge in the wellbeing of the ageing population. Ageism negatively impacts the old age population by influencing their physical, mental, social, and financial health. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) focus on ensuring intergenerationality and thus require societal institutions to address ageism and ensure equity across age groups. This chapter explores ageing, ageism, its drivers, and impacts. It is a review-based chapter. It further examines consumer ageism and identifies that old age consumers are underrepresented, stereotyped, and their diversity is often ignored. It examines the scope of sustainability marketing and concludes by presenting possibilities for sustainability marketing in addressing issues related to consumer ageism.
Requirements for Services by Retired Over 50s UK Consumers in the UK
Authors: Bamber David James , Gransden Clay , Panditharathna Roshan
Published: July 2022

A consumers' services requirements questionnaire was custom designed to assess the service needs of adults over 50 in the Northwest of the UK before the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire was distributed to users of services for older people. Two hundred responses were obtained from residents of care homes, and 66 questionnaires were obtained in the same geographic area using an opportunist sampling technique. A total of 266 respondents completed the questionnaire; 180 were male, 86 were female, and all were retired. Their ages ranged from 50 to 70. The analysis showed that although this segment of consumers required a range of services, the majority are reluctant to pay directly for those services. Two case histories concerning consumption of local health, social, police, and care services provided to them during the COVID-19 pandemic indicated mixed experiences of service provisions.
The Capstone Experience
Authors: Huling Leslie L. , Resta Virgina K.
Published: July 2022

Faculty members in teacher education programs strive to design and deliver a set of courses that form a coherent teacher preparation program for their preservice teacher candidates; however, students often perceive their course work as a set of fragmented, disconnected learning experiences. In order to mitigate these challenges, many institutions have added a capstone experience to their programs. This chapter advocates for a capstone experience in which program completers can synthesize their program experiences and establish a solid foundation around which they can build their future ongoing professional development. A rationale for the capstone culminating experience and examples of capstone components are presented in this chapter. Suggested assignments and templates are also included.
Context and the Continuum
Authors: Waychunas William
Published: July 2022

Very little existing research examines the development of novice teachers through a lens of school organization to understand how different school contexts impact shape induction experiences and teachers' instructional practices. Using “no-excuses” style charter schools as an example of a highly organized and coherent school, this study follows two novice teachers as they transition between highly organized and less organized schools to gain a better understanding of how they experience these contexts and how their instruction is influenced by these contexts in both the short and long term. Findings suggest that the more organized school contexts had a significant impact on teacher practice, even in instances where novices experienced dissatisfaction with the no-excuses approach. Implications for bridging teacher preparation and induction are discussed.
School Leaders Serving to Develop Teachers as Equity-Focused Change Agents
Authors: Smith-Woofter Monica B. , Rumley Mark A. , Barbour Nancy N.
Published: July 2022

When considering the current expectations of schooling, educators must be developed to adapt to an ever changing environment of learners. Through a concerted focus on service to others and equity for ALL, school leaders must create and cultivate a culture of awareness, understanding, and acceptance. School leaders especially must develop an organization that distributes leadership; establishes a culture of awareness, understanding, acceptance, and inclusion; and finally supports the continuous improvement of the organization and the people within it. Additionally, in order for educational leaders to be equity focused change agents, professional learning must be available for both school-based leaders and teachers. With this in mind, the chapter examines the research and practices of building an equitable education community that supports and develops teachers as leaders and equity conscious stewards of change while offering tools for practitioners that align with current professional growth standards: leadership, collaboration, and equity.
Airfoil Theories and Their Applications
Authors: T. Kumaran , E. N. Sivarasan
Published: July 2022

One of the most important design impacts in aircraft is an airfoil. This airfoil is also considered the cross-section of the wing, so the flow characteristics of air depend on the airfoil's shape. There are some airfoil theories we can consider for the design consideration while designing the wing. The airfoil theories describe the nature of fluid flow over the wing based on the angle of attack for variable speed conditions. This chapter deals with airfoil terminology and the theories of airfoil like the methodology of conformal transformation, Cauchy-Riemann relations, complex potential, Kutta-Joukowski, thin airfoil theory, and their applications. The theories mentioned above explain transformation and its applications, Kutta condition, Kelvin's circulation theorem, starting vortex creation of airfoil for variable speed considered for aircraft, and the advantages of the optimization.
Finite Wing Theory
Authors: G. Madhankumar , T. Mothilal , K. M. Kumar , G. Muralidharan , D. Mala
Published: July 2022

Wing design is a very complicated and intricate issue. It is not feasible to cover everything in this chapter; however, it is possible to discuss some of the essential ideas that underpin design for high lift and low drag. Lift may be increased in four ways for fixed air characteristics and free-stream speed: increased wing area, increased angle of attack, increased camber, increased circulation through the use of high-momentum fluid. One of the most important applications of potential flow theory was the study of lifting surfaces such as aircraft wings, since the boundary conditions on a complex geometry can significantly complicate any attempt to tackle the problem via analytical techniques, which involves some simplification assumptions in order to arrive at a solution. These assumptions will be related to the concept of three-dimensional thin wing issues in this chapter.
Aerodynamic Force Measurements Using Blower Balance Tunnel at Low Reynolds Number
Authors: Chinnasamy Suresh , Venugopal Paramaguru , Kasimani Ramesh
Published: July 2022

This chapter describes the basic concepts of aerodynamics, evolution of lift and drag, types of drag, reduction of wing tip vortices, non-planar wing concepts for increased aerodynamic efficiency, various methods for determination of aerodynamic forces of an airplane, classification of wind tunnels, blower balance tunnels, and a case study report on aerodynamic force measurement of the non-planar wing systems. To increase the aerodynamic efficiency of the monoplane configuration, the ‘C-wing' configuration is presented in this chapter. The aim is to prove, at all angles of attack, C-wing produces a higher (L/D) ratio than straight wing for the same wetted surface area. The aerodynamic characteristics of three different wing models with NACA-64215 aerofoil such as straight wing, C-wing, and inverted C-wing at different angles of attack and low Reynolds number are shown. The inverted C-wing created more lift but produced more vibration, which may lead to lesser structural integrity.
Vehicle Aerodynamics and Different Testing Methods
Authors: A. Backiyaraj , T. Kumaran , M. Parthasarathy , N. Murugu Nachippan , P. B. Senthilkumar
Published: July 2022

One of the most adaptable inventions is motor-powered vehicles, especially cars. The majority of the time, safety, SFC, and operating area were considered. Vehicle makers are examining the characteristics of drag or air resistance for different body forms at various operational situations in order to increase fuel efficiency, vehicle speed, reduce wind noise, and improvise road control and vehicle steadiness when moving. The study of the rigid body traveling across the atmosphere and the interactions among its surface and the atmospheric air with varying linear acceleration and air direction is called aerodynamics. Aerodynamic drag is generally insignificant at lower vehicle speeds, but as speed increases, the air resistance magnitude also increases. This chapter deals with the external properties design considerations and testing methods of road vehicle aerodynamics like drag force. Identifying the drag force by various methods like wind tunnel tests, coast down test, and computer fluid dynamics are explained to forecast the drag coefficient.
Exploring Issues Surrounding a Safe and Conducive Digital Learning Space in Nepal
Authors: Lamsal Bishnu
Published: July 2022

A conducive and safe digital learning space has become a prominent concern in the present pandemic situation since most teachers and students are engaged in the online mode of instruction. In Nepal, various educational institutions have likewise adopted digital solutions to continue their academic operations. Despite the growing literature on emergency remote education, there seems to be a lacking sense of urgency to examine digital learning spaces. Thus, this chapter explored the issues surrounding safe and conducive digital learning environments using a qualitative approach to identify barriers and opportunities for a successful online education in Nepal. The findings of this chapter realized multifaceted digital transformation challenges (e.g., cyberbullying) coexisting with various positive aspects of learning online (e.g., flexibility). As the temporary shelter for academic services, this chapter argued that all stakeholders must take responsibility for making digital learning safe and conducive.
Practices of Netnography and Mixed Quantitative Data Analysis Methods in Experiential Marketing
Authors: Gülpınar Demirci Vildan
Published: July 2022

Advancements in digital areas resulted in an opportunity for consumers to share their experiences in easy, quick, and through various means. Experiential marketing research focuses on how to get consumer insights from product and service experiences of consumers on social media and how to transform these insights into profits for companies. This chapter discusses the netnography technique based on the gathering and interpretation of posts of consumers shared about their product/service experiences in digital environments and the marketing practices of this technique. On the other hand, considering the volume and variety of data that are increasing in digital areas, it also dwells on the practical benefits of the use of mixed research models that would allow getting benefit from both the in-depth information potential offered by the lithography technique and the dynamic structure of quantitative data analysis techniques.
Flow Experience in Tourism Activities
Authors: Armağan Ece , Temel Eren
Published: July 2022

Since tourism is an experience-intensive field, the experiences offered by tourism activities to individuals are very important. Understanding the psychological processes underlying the experiences of the individuals is essential for the effectiveness of tourism activities. An important phenomenon that explains the internal processes experienced by individuals in tourism activities is the flow experience originating from positive psychology. Flow experience is the individual's intense focus on the activity he/she is performing with his/her own inner will, without any external reward, and integrates with the activity by being isolated from the environment. Also, the flow experience can be expressed as an internal process that includes losing the perception of time and feeling happiness. Today, some research shows that the flow experience can be experienced in many areas of daily life and tourism activities. In this chapter, the flow experience has been discussed with its various dimensions, and evaluations have been made in the context of examples of some tourism activities.
Customer Experience Management in the Digital Marketing Era
Authors: Basaran Umit
Published: July 2022

Developments in digital marketing technologies have caused the channels in which retailers communicate and interact with their customers to be fragmented. Retailers provide products, services, and information to their customers by using traditional, digital, and social media along with sales channels such as physical stores, websites, and mobile applications. In this context, it is necessary to create integration and synergy between all these channels and touchpoints interacting with the customer. The omnichannel retailing strategy helps companies create a seamless customer experience by addressing all channels and touchpoints within a unified approach. Therefore, in this chapter, the customer experience and omnichannel strategy are defined, and the applications, attributes, or components that should be provided in the omnichannel environment for a comprehensive retail customer experience are discussed with a literature-based exploratory research approach.
Customer Experience in the Banking Industry
Authors: Çakaloğlu Mısra
Published: July 2022

The integration of environmental factors and the total output of products and services demanded by the customer constitute the concept of customer experience. Due to the intensity of competition, banks' adaptation to technological innovations to meet customer expectations increases the sustainability of banks. This process must be compatible with the existing infrastructure and activities of the bank to meet customer experiences. Moreover, increasing the service quality of banks based on customer experiences depends on proactive solution proposals. This chapter discusses digital transformation in the banking industry, ICTs for strategic management, and the opportunities that marketing presents to customer experiences. The main purpose of this chapter is to focus on the development of proactive digital applications in the industry in explaining the concept of customer experience. Therefore, it is thought that this chapter will make an important contribution to the literature.
Deep Learning-Based Plant Disease Detection Using Android Apps
Authors: Shoaib Mohd , Ahmad Firoz , Rehman Mohd Ammad
Published: July 2022

Disease detection in plants is crucial for preventing losses in yield and agricultural productivity. Historically, disease identification has been supported by agriculture extension organizations, which were difficult to access from villages. Farmers have to go to their field and manually monitor plant disease. The aim of this work is to develop an Android application that provides an easy-to-use platform for farmers to identify diseases in their crops. The mobile application will help to take responsive action according to the disease detected in their plants and can be easily used by anyone who is interested in analyzing the disease of the plants. This work reports on the classification of 26 diseases in 14 crop species using 54,306 images from PlantVillage dataset using a convolutional neural network approach. The models used are Inception-v3 and MobileNet. The correct prediction of the correct crop-diseases pair in 38 classes decides the criteria for performance measurement. The most accurate model achieves an overall accuracy of 96.32%.
Applications of Machine Learning in Food Safety
Authors: Pujahari Rakesh Mohan , Khan Rijwan
Published: July 2022

Food safety has a major correlation with health related to the public. Machine learning can be a great help for large volume and emerging data sets to enhance the safety of the food supply and minimise the impact of food safety incidents. Pathogen genomes which are food borne and unique data streams, transactional, including text, and trade data, have ample emerging applications initiated by a machine learning approach, like prediction of antibiotic resistance, source related pathogens, and detection of food borne outbreak and also assessment of risk. In this chapter, a gentle introduction of machine learning in the pretext of food safety and a detailed overview of various developments and applications has been enumerated.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Tyagi Amit Kumar , Chahal Poonam
Published: July 2022

With the recent development in technologies and integration of millions of internet of things devices, a lot of data is being generated every day (known as Big Data). This is required to improve the growth of several organizations or in applications like e-healthcare, etc. Also, we are entering into an era of smart world, where robotics is going to take place in most of the applications (to solve the world's problems). Implementing robotics in applications like medical, automobile, etc. is an aim/goal of computer vision. Computer vision (CV) is fulfilled by several components like artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL). Here, machine learning and deep learning techniques/algorithms are used to analyze Big Data. Today's various organizations like Google, Facebook, etc. are using ML techniques to search particular data or recommend any post. Hence, the requirement of a computer vision is fulfilled through these three terms: AI, ML, and DL.
Network Support Data Analysis for Fault Identification Using Machine Learning
Authors: Basheer Shakila , Gandhi Usha Devi , Priyan M.K.  , Parthasarathy P.
Published: July 2022

Machine learning has gained immense popularity in a variety of fields as it has the ability to change the conventional workflow of a process. The abundance of data available serves as the motivation for this. This data can be exploited for a good deal of knowledge. In this article, we focus on operational data of networking devices that are deployed in different locations. This data can be used to predict faults in the devices. Usually, after the deployment of networking devices in customer site, troubleshooting these devices is difficult. Operational data of these devices is needed for this process. Manually analysing the machined produced operational data is tedious and complex due to enormity of data. Using machine learning techniques will be of greater help here as this will help automate the troubleshooting process, avoid human errors and save time for the technical solutions engineers.
Ventilator Production in Turkey Amid Pandemic Through Service-Dominant Logic Lenses
Authors: Senak Aslisah , Girginer Nuray
Published: July 2022

This chapter aims to demonstrate the value co-created by local ventilator production amid pandemic and how fast a technological product can be co-manufactured by interaction and resource integration among actors. The aim is to discuss the manufacturing process of ventilators as an emerging healthcare strategy amid pandemic with a service dominant logic lense and how well this case fits Gummeson and Mele's value co-creation model in a many-to-many network setting. Formation of a self-governed network of resource-integrating and service-exchanging actors by domestic production of intensive care ventilators dempnstrate the importance of network-based perspective for post-COVID-19 era.
Teleworking During the Pandemic of COVID-19
Authors: Elouadi Sara , Elouadi Nariman
Published: July 2022

This research focuses on the practice of teleworking during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective is to analyze its effects on employees and companies, in particular the creation of the feeling of blurring between private life and professional life. The chapter begins with a theoretical analysis of telework by borrowing the framework of the theory of social regulation and the theory of conventions. Both make it possible to understand and situate the formation and control of the rules established by telework. Then the authors present their questionnaire survey and its main results.
Significance of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Tourism Business in Nigeria
Authors: Fagbolu Olukemi Adedokun , Abdulkadir Kikelomo Aminat
Published: July 2022

This chapter explores the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism business. This exploratory research adopts a structured questionnaire and purposive sampling method to gather primary data from the respondents at the study organization. Data collected are presented on tables and further analyzed using descriptive statistics through PSPP analytical free software tool comprising means (M) and simple percentages. The outcomes of the study reveal that the COVID-19 pandemic has a negative significance on the tourism industry.