bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel system of parametric analytical modeling techniques for transversely loaded fibre reinforced polymer structural members of variable material properties and cross-sectional geometry
Authors: Honickman Hart , Johrendt Jennifer , Glover Andrew , Valentine Andy
Published: December 2012

A broad class of structural problems has been recognized as being non-conducive to the use of conventional state-of-the-art structural analysis techniques involving the finite element method. This class of problems includes long fibre reinforced polymer structural members having non-uniform, continuously variable material properties and cross-sectional geometry. A novel composite leaf spring is being developed (Thunder Composite Technologies, Ltd.), which will likely prove to be superior to the conventional leaf springs that it aims to replace. However, this new spring belongs to the aforementioned class of problems and will therefore necessitate unconventional and highly complex design and analysis techniques due to the anisotropy and non-homogeneity of its constituents. As such, a design and analysis software tool was developed to be capable of collecting user stipulated parameters and performance specifications, generating a design that is capable of meeting these requirements and performing a high-fidelity structural analysis on the resulting design in order to verify its performance. The following paper summarizes the engineering science and programming methodologies employed by this design tool and discusses how similar methodologies could be employed in the design and analysis of other structural members that reside within this class of problems.
Coevolutionary Dynamics of Cultural Markers, Parochial Cooperation, and Networks
Authors: Kim Jae-Woo , Hanneman Robert A.
Published: December 2012

The emergence and institutionalization of cooperation in sizable groups without reciprocity receives considerable attention in game-theoretical modeling. Agents in our study play the Prisoner’s Dilemma game cooperating with tolerably similar neighbors. They may imitate cultural markers (tags) and tolerance from more successful neighbors. Alternatively, they break ties to out-group neighbors. New partners are selected either from neighbors’ neighbors (clustering) or randomly. Variations in network plasticity (the likelihood of changing partners rather than being influenced) and clustering are explored. With high plasticity and high clustering, networks tend to fragment. With low plasticity and low clustering, networks tend toward global cooperation, but with severe losses of cultural diversity and tolerance. Cooperation in such regimes also proves to be vulnerable to defection. Between, there is a space displaying relatively stable and widespread cooperation with diversity and tolerance. We note some important structural characteristics of the networks evolving in this space.
Suspect Families: DNA Kinship Testing in German Immigration Policy
Authors: Heinemann Torsten , Lemke Thomas
Published: December 2012

Since the 1990s, many countries around the world have begun to use DNA testing to establish biological relatedness in family reunification cases. Family reunification refers to the right of family members living abroad to join relatives who hold long-term residence permits or are citizens of a given country. Using Germany as an exemplary case, the article explores different societal implications and consequences of parental testing for family reunification. Special attention is drawn to the implicit model of family and kinship that informs this immigration regime. We argue that DNA analyses for family reunification establish and strengthen a biological family model which is in contrast to the more pluralistic and social concepts of family in Germany and in many societies in Europe and North America. The argument is based on a document analysis and interviews with representatives of NGOs and immigration authorities, lawyers, geneticists, and applicants for family reunification.
Representation and Practical Accomplishment in the Laboratory: When is an Animal Model Good-enough?
Authors: Lewis Jamie , Atkinson Paul , Harrington Jean , Featherstone Katie
Published: December 2012

Biomedical science is dependent on standardised rodents. These lab-rats and lab-mice are different from their wild cousins. Interest in the genetic basis of a variety of phenotypes has meant that lab-rodents have been bred over many decades as resources for experimental science. We focus on the use of lab-rodents as animal models in the study of single-gene human medical conditions. The animals’ status as models is not a given. Scientists calibrate animals against the medical phenomena which they are intended to represent. In turn, human medical conditions and the patients who manifest them have to be calibrated against the rodent models. The creation of animal models and their interpretation is, therefore, part of the practical work of biomedical scientists and their adjustment is a key aspect in determining when the model is good-enough.
The Linear Expenditure System and the Demand for Municipal Public Services: The Median Voter Specification Revisited
Authors: Binet Marie-Estelle
Published: December 2012

Following Bergstrom and Goodman (1973), this paper contributes to the set of studies estimating demand for publicly provided goods and services. The main innovation in this paper is methodological as it uses a Stone–Geary utility function to describe median voter preferences. Unlike in previous studies, the local public expenditure function, in a (simplified) linear expenditure system, can be derived directly from the theoretical framework. The translated expenditure function provides an estimate of the minimum required local public services in each municipality. Using cross-sectional municipal data from France, it is found to be, at the most, 30 per cent of the total per capita expenditure. Compared with the specification conventionally used in the literature, linear and non-linear expenditure systems show a greater sensitivity to price and income variations and reveal a greater number of significant variables.
Heritage as Improvement
Authors: Oakes Tim
Published: December 2012

This article explores the display of cultural heritage as a contested project of governance and social ordering in rural China. It argues that heritage preservation and display are viewed by many Chinese scholars, officials, and villagers themselves as powerful tools of modernization and development; that cultural display implies a project of “improvement” and of building “quality” among the “backward” rural population; and that this view of heritage preservation emerges amid a complex and often contradictory mixture of global perspectives on heritage preservation, state traditions of cultural regulation, and local yearnings for modernity and improved standards of living. The article proposes an interpretation of heritage as an ongoing project of improvement, generating its own unforeseen political dynamics as it churns along. In short, cultural heritage display is treated here as a field of government and social regulation.
Synarchy and the Chinese People
Authors: McCord Edward A.
Published: December 2012

In the wake of a major mutiny by warlord forces in 1921 that left much of the Yangzi port city of Yichang in ruins, a group of Chinese citizens appealed to the foreign diplomatic community to turn the city into a foreign concession under foreign protection. In a statement that seems shocking in the context of the burgeoning anti-imperialist sentiment that followed the May 4th incident of 1919, the petitioners concluded that if their wish was granted, “they would make no complaint, even if we become slaves without nationality.” This incident suggests that in at least some cases many Chinese did not hesitate to make common cause with the foreigners in their midst against a mutual threat. The article seeks to retrofit John King Fairbank’s concept of synarchy to explain how the Chinese people may have both perceived and negotiated the uneven and interpenetrated power relations of the central government, warlord authorities, and foreign powers in the Republican era.
An Open Trial of a New Acceptance-Based Behavioral Treatment for Major Depression With Psychotic Features
Authors: Gaudiano Brandon A. , Nowlan Kathryn , Brown Lily A. , Epstein-Lubow Gary , Miller Ivan W.
Published: December 2012

Research suggests that cognitive and behavioral therapies produce significant benefits over medications alone in the treatment of severe, nonpsychotic major depression or primary psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. However, previous research has not demonstrated the efficacy of psychotherapy for major depression with psychotic features. In this initial treatment development study, we conducted an open trial of a new behavioral intervention that combines elements of behavioral activation and acceptance and commitment therapy for depression and psychosis. Fourteen patients with major depressive disorder with psychotic features were provided with up to 6 months of Acceptance-Based Depression and Psychosis Therapy (ADAPT) in combination with pharmacotherapy. Patients reported a high degree of treatment credibility and acceptability. Results showed that patients achieved clinically significant and sustained improvements through posttreatment follow-up in depressive and psychotic symptoms, as well as psychosocial functioning. In addition, the processes targeted by the intervention (e.g., acceptance, mindfulness, values) improved significantly over the course of treatment, and changes in processes were correlated with changes in symptoms. Results suggest that ADAPT combined with pharmacotherapy is a promising treatment approach for psychotic depression that should be tested in a future randomized trial.
An Introduction to Multitasking and Texting
Authors: Clayson Dennis E. , Haley Debra A.
Published: December 2012

This exploratory study looks at the phenomena of texting in a marketing education context. It outlines the difficulties of multitasking within two metacognitive models of learning and sets the stage for further research on the effects of texting within class. Students in marketing classes in two different universities were surveyed. They received an average of 37 texts per day and initiated about 16. More than 90% of the respondents reported receiving texts while in class and 86% reported texting someone from class. Even though students believed they could follow a lecture and text at the same time, respondents who did text within marketing classes received lower grades. Contrary to other research, texting frequency was generally unrelated to GPA. Implications for both pedagogical issues and research in marketing education are discussed.
Developing and Testing a Decision Aid for Use by Providers in Making Recommendations
Authors: Tisnado Diana M. , Moore Alison A. , Levin Jennifer R. , Rosen Sonja
Published: December 2012

Breast cancer incidence increases with age, but many older women do not receive appropriate mammography screening. A tool to support provider decision making holds potential to help providers and patients reach the best-informed decisions possible. We developed and tested a decision aid (DA) for healthcare providers to use in mammography screening recommendations in older women. Literature review, expert opinion, focus groups, and pilot testing of the DA were conducted in a university ambulatory geriatrics practice. Provider evaluations of the DA after piloting were collected and analyzed. Geriatricians reported important factors in decision making included patient life-expectancy, preferences, cognitive function, and individualization. Geriatricians reported the DA would have helped them make recommendations for mammography screening in 66% of pilot cases. It was less helpful when there was more certainty regarding decision making.
The Role of Working Memory and Information Processing Speed on Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Performance in Parkinson Disease Without Dementia
Authors: Liozidou Athanasia , Potagas Constantin , Papageorgiou Sokratis G. , Zalonis Ioannis
Published: December 2012

Introduction:

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) performance is often compromised in Parkinson disease (PD).

Objective:

We aimed to investigate ( a) the role of working memory (WM) and information processing speed (IPS) in the WCST performance of PD without dementia and ( b) the profile of PD without dementia optimal WCST performance.

Methods:

73 nondemented patients with PD were examined in WCST, WM (Digit Span Backwards [DSPANB] and Arithmetic subscale, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale [WAIS]), and IPS (Digit Symbol subscale-WAIS and Trail Making Test, part A [TMT-A]) and compared to a group of 48 healthy participants. The group with PD was further divided into 2 subgroups on the basis of their WCST performance, number of categories achieved (CAT):0-2 and CAT:3-6, and comparisons were performed.

Results:

The DSPANB correlated significantly and was the only neuropsychological variable that significantly contributed to the WCST perseverative errors (WPERRORS) performed by the PD group. Differences in the cognitive performance between CAT:3-6 and CAT:0-2 PD subgroups were no longer significant after controlling for age and general level of intelligence (full IQ [FIQ]). Age and FIQ significantly contributed to the WPERRORS performed by CAT:3-6 PD subgroup, while DSPANB was the only variable that significantly contributed to their WCST overall performance.

Conclusions:

Our findings address the relationship between WM and inflexible behavior exhibited by PD without dementia, argue for the importance of lower age, higher education, and level of intelligence for the successful performance on WCST; yet, the differences in cognitive performance regardless of the duration of illness within our patients with PD provide support to cognitive reserve concept.
Peer Effects in Urban Schools
Authors: Gottfried Michael A.
Published: December 2012

This study evaluates the effects of classroom peers on standardized testing achievement for all third- and fourth-grade students in the Philadelphia School District over 6 school years. With a comprehensive individual- and multilevel data set of all students matched to teachers, classrooms, and schools, two empirical strategies are employed. The first relies on the observable distribution of students among classrooms within a particular grade and school in any given year. As a test of robustness, a second strategy is employed, which depends on the idiosyncratic variation in classroom composition based on the random assignment of students entering the school at abnormal times during the academic year. Based on these empirical strategies, this study finds statistically significant classroom peer effects on standardized achievement, though the degree to which they impact performance differs based on peer characteristics.
Transfer Equity for “Minoritized” Students
Authors: Chase Megan M. , Dowd Alicia C. , Pazich Loni Bordoloi , Bensimon Estela Mara
Published: December 2012

Using critical policy analysis focused on racial-ethnic equity, this study analyses state policy documents and accountability instruments governing transfer from 2-year colleges to 4-year institutions in the following states: California, Florida, Texas, Michigan, Minnesota, Washington, and Wisconsin. Based on data collected in 2009, the findings indicate that state transfer policies are largely “color blind.” In contrast, accountability reporting, including data indicators such as those for underrepresented students, may serve as proxies for monitoring progress toward transfer of racially minoritized students. Recommendations are proposed for creating racially equitable state transfer policies and accountability instruments.
The Class Character of Macroeconomic Policies in Brazil of the Real
Authors: Bin Daniel
Published: December 2012

In this paper, I discuss ways in which several important fiscal and monetary policies implemented in Brazil after the Real Plan interfered with class relations and how they reveal the financial class character of the state. The fiscal policies analyzed are the release of federal tax revenue entitlements, the so-called fiscal responsibility, and the goals for the primary and nominal fiscal results. In the realm of monetary policy, the analysis focuses on the priority given to inflation control and inflation targeting. The results suggest that these policies facilitated favoritism towards the financial fraction of capital; the policies constitute an institutional apparatus for the reproduction of the income that finance extorts from labor through the state.
Consuming for the Social Good: Marketing, Consumer Citizenship, and the Possibilities of Ethical Consumption
Authors: Cabrera Sergio A. , Williams Christine L.
Published: December 2012

Can consumers be socially responsible? Can the interests of consumers, corporations, and the overall society be reconciled? Traditionally, sociologists have conceptualized consumerism as enhancing individual wellbeing at the expense of moral citizenship. Yet throughout US history, popular discourse has linked consumption to the social good. Business schools currently expound this belief in their ‘principles of marketing’ courses. Popular textbooks promote ‘relationship management marketing’ which teaches students to target their most profitable customers, develop life-long relationships with them, and promote the societal concerns that they care about. The textbooks maintain that corporations are well-equipped to address the societal concerns of profitable customers through the use of cause marketing, granted minimal government interference. We describe this worldview as ‘neoliberal consumer citizenship’ and discuss its implications for social theory and a democratic society.
Dismantling the ‘Master’s House’: Feminist Reflections on Institutional Transformation
Authors: Morimoto Shauna A. , Zajicek Anna
Published: December 2012

In 2001, the US National Science Foundation inaugurated the ADVANCE Institutional Transformation program with the primary objective of increasing the participation and advancement of women at American Universities in all science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines. Although ADVANCE has been received very well, its effects have been uneven among institutions receiving the ADVANCE grant. In this paper, we reflect on the NSF’s goals for ADVANCE and initiatives ADVANCE schools undertake to increase gender equity in the context of gender organizations theory. Specifically, we comment on tensions that emerged through our own research concerning the relationship between feminist objectives of equity and justice and the nature of the ADVANCE program and transformational initiatives. We conclude by raising the perennial feminist question: ‘Can the master’s tools dismantle the master’s house?’
Elder Self-Neglect Is Associated With Increased Risk for Elder Abuse in a Community-Dwelling Population
Authors: Dong XinQi , Simon Melissa , Evans Denis
Published: December 2012

Objective: We examined the relationship between self-neglect and risk for subsequent elder abuse report to social services agency. Method: Population-based cohort study conducted Chicago. Primary predictor was elder self-neglect at baseline without concurrent elder abuse. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess independent associations of elder self-neglect with the risk of subsequent elder abuse using time-varying covariate analyses. Results: Of 10,333 participants, 1,460 were reported for self-neglect and 180 were reported for elder abuse. The median time from self-neglect to elder abuse was 3.5 years. In multivariable analyses, elder self-neglect was associated with increased risk for subsequent elder abuse (odds ratio, OR, 1.75[1.18-2.59]). Elder self-neglect was also associated with increased risk for subsequent caregiver neglect ( OR, 2.09[1.24-3.52]), financial exploitation ( OR, 1.73[1.01-2.95]), and multiple forms of elder abuse (HR, 2.06[1.22-3.48]). Conclusion: Elder self-neglect report is associated with increased risk for subsequent elder abuse report to social services agency.
Simple flexible wheelset model for low-frequency instability simulations
Authors: Casanueva Carlos , Alonso Asier , Eziolaza Ibon , Giménez José Germán
Published: December 2012

As a general rule, the multi-body simulation models used by railway vehicle designers consider the wheelsets to be fully rigid, thus leading to possible errors when calculating the critical speed of the vehicle under study. This article suggests a wheelset model that takes into account wheelset flexibility for the study of dynamic stability. The model is simple to implement, easily parameterised, and can be applied to both conventional and variable gauge wheelsets. The parameters corresponding to wheelset flexibility that most influence the critical speed of high-speed and variable gauge vehicles are also analysed.
An investigation into the use of asphalt layers to control stress and strain levels in railway track foundations
Authors: Esmaeili Morteza , Amiri Saeed , Jadidi Kazem
Published: December 2012

A hot mixed asphalt layer can be inserted between the ballast and subgrade layers in the foundations of rail tracks to improve the stress and strain distributions in these layers and also reduce track vibrations and level of damage in the track’s superstructure. These phenomena depend on various parameters such as the manner of operation of the railway and the mechanical characteristics of the foundations. This study is devoted to the derivation of analytical equations that describe the tensile strain on the asphalt layer and compression stress in the subgrade layer in terms of these parameters. A series of numerical analyses have been performed using the KENTRACK simulation code in which the railway axle load, asphalt thickness, ballast modulus and California bearing ratio of the subgrade were varied. The obtained values of the maximum tensile strain in the asphalt and compression stress on the subgrade were analysed using a least squares method in order to extract correlation equations that consider the maximum tensile strain in the asphalt layer and compression stress on the subgrade layer in terms of the varied parameters. A comparison of the obtained simulation results with measured data reported in the literature shows a good agreement between the results.
A New Stress Test for the Diagnosis of Hip Dysplasia: A Preliminary Study on a Manikin
Authors: Yang L , Kernohan W G , Mollan R A B , Stevenson I J
Published: December 2012

Early detection of hip dysplasia remains elusive due to lack of a safe and objective diagnostic screening test. A new hip stress test sequence for improving the diagnosis of hip dysplasia is proposed: firstly the Barlow manoeuvre is performed, followed by an instrumented hip stiffness test and lastly the Ortolani test. Both the Barlow and the Ortolani tests consist of manual manipulative examinations which produce characteristic vibration in abnormal hips. The clinical examiner detects this vibration using finger-tip sensation. To verify this three-phase technique, the test was performed on a commercially available patient simulator. The force applied to the hip joint was measured using a force plate, and the hip laxity measured with an instrumented linkage. Significant differences in hip stiffness were found between dislocated and reduced hips. Further clinical testing will allow the theory to be finally verified and the technique to be refined.
Realizing narratives make future time real
Authors: Weigert Andrew J
Published: December 2012

Realizing narratives render projected futures knowable as real. Projected futures are intrinsic to forming identity and informing motives. Endtime is a future situated at a critical rupture, an ‘end’ of a world as we know it within a culturally expected duration. Some prophetic versions provide realizing narratives of endtime as a context for identity that combines expectation and emotion into powerful motivational accounts for believers. Such religious narratives may suggest different futures for believers and non-believers. A pragmatic narrative illustrated by backcasting from preferred futures to present actions suggests that a normative task for contemporary selves is choosing among realizing narratives. A pragmatic turn offers criteria for making future-implicating choices and fashioning a cosmopolitan identity.
Age and agency: Time work across the life course
Authors: Flaherty Michael G.
Published: December 2012

Scholars have observed growing variability in life course transitions, such as entry into a full-time job. Life course theorists use the concept of agency to account for increasing diversity and unpredictability in developmental trajectories. In so doing, they presume that agency can only be a source of heterogeneity. Drawing from in-depth interviews with 406 people from all walks of life, I examine a form of temporal agency or ‘time work’ – that is, efforts to modify one’s own experience of time or that of others. The findings suggest that agency does not operate in the way life course theorists envision.
Power and sample size calculations for evaluating mediation effects in longitudinal studies
Authors: Wang Cuiling , Xue Xiaonan
Published: December 2012

Current methods of power and sample size calculations for the design of longitudinal studies to evaluate mediation effects are mostly based on simulation studies and do not provide closed-form formulae. A further challenge due to the longitudinal study design is the consideration of missing data, which almost always occur in longitudinal studies due to staggered entry or drop out. In this article, we consider the product of coefficients as a measure for the longitudinal mediation effect and evaluate three methods for testing the hypothesis on the longitudinal mediation effect: the joint significant test, the normal approximation and the test of b methods. Formulae for power and sample size calculations are provided under each method while taking into account missing data. Performance of the three methods under limited sample size are examined using simulation studies. An example from the Einstein aging study is provided to illustrate the methods.
Do practitioners managing mood disorders work to a sub-typing or a ‘one size fits all’ model?
Authors: Parker Gordon , Paterson Amelia , McCraw Stacey , Friend Paul , Hong Michael
Published: December 2012

Objective:

To assess whether psychiatrists in the community operate to a sub-typing model of mood disorders when choosing psychotropic medications.

Method:

Patients assessed through the Black Dog Institute depression clinic provided information on their previously prescribed and current medications, on how effective they found them and whether they had to be ceased due to side-effects. The prevalence of each medication trialled was analysed according to diagnosis (bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar melancholic depression or unipolar non-melancholic depression).

Results:

Analyses indicate that psychiatrists prescribe medications differentially in line with diagnosis. This effect was found in both previously prescribed and currently prescribed medications, and was most distinct for mood stabiliser and antipsychotic medications. Several medications, in contrast, appeared to have been trialled by the majority of patients, regardless of diagnosis. Analyses of effectiveness and cessation due to side-effects were compromised by small sub-sample sizes.

Conclusions:

Psychiatrists in the community appear to operate to a sub-typing model of mood disorders, preferentially prescribing many medications according to mood disorder sub-type.
What makes a hospital-based psychiatry training program successful? The experience of St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney
Authors: Burke David , Tietze Tad , Chiem Lyn , Boulton Matthew , McGeorge Peter , Andrews Gavin
Published: December 2012

Objectives:

The purpose of this paper is to describe those features that have contributed to the popularity and success of the psychiatry training program at St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, and to discuss the factors that potentially weaken the program and how these might be addressed.

Conclusions:

The strengths of the psychiatry training program at St Vincent’s Hospital are the high rate of recruitment of junior medical officers to psychiatry training, the provision of quality in-house teaching, the in-house provision of psychotherapy supervision and exam preparation, the positive influence of the chief psychiatry registrar, having enough trainees to alleviate the tension between training and service delivery, and the availability of a variety of ‘extra’, high-quality, professional development opportunities.
Trajectory to fellowship: an analysis of the current pathway to becoming a psychiatrist
Authors: Gosbell Andrew , Jurd Stephen , Fletcher Scott
Published: December 2012

Objective:

This study sought to examine the pathway and barriers to attaining The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists’(RANZCP) Fellowship for those undergoing the current training program, which was implemented in November 2003. This program involved a new training structure, with basic (years 1–3) and advanced (years 4–5) requirements. All formal assessments occur during Basic Training, while either generalist or sub-specialty streams are available during Advanced Training. We assessed 3 years’ intake of trainees who had commenced with the current program and have reached the minimum time to attain RANZCP Fellowship.

Methods:

Data were extracted from the College’s database for all trainees who commenced training between December 2003 and February 2006; we analysed data on assessments, rotations, breaks in training, part-time status, and other items. The key elements evaluated were the time to complete mandatory training requirements and outcomes.

Conclusions:

For those attaining RANZCP Fellowship within this cohort, the median Training time was consistent with the structure of the 5-year training program. It was clear that the RANZCP Fellowship Training Program is flexible, because 43% of the trainees studied undertook periods of part-time training and/or breaks in training, plus a range of sub-speciality programs were commenced in the Advanced Training.
A Contingency View of the Effects of Cognitive Diversity on Team Performance
Authors: Martins Luis L. , Schilpzand Marieke C. , Kirkman Bradley L. , Ivanaj Silvester , Ivanaj Vera
Published: December 2012

We examined the moderating roles of team psychological safety and relationship conflict on the relationship between two forms of team cognitive diversity—expertise and expertness diversity—and team performance. We found that when team psychological safety was lower, rather than higher, expertise diversity was more negatively related to team performance, but conversely, expertness diversity was more positively related to team performance. When team relationship conflict was lower, rather than higher, expertness diversity was more positively related to team performance. Our findings advance a contingency view of the effects of cognitive diversity on team performance and suggest several implications for theory and practice.
DARE 2012 Symposium, Belfast, Northern Ireland
Authors: Taylor Brian John
Published: December 2012

This is a report of the second biennial symposium on “Decisions, Assessment, Risk and Evidence in Social Work” held near Belfast, Northern Ireland, in July 2012. The third symposium is planned for July 2014.
A micromechanics-based viscoelastic model for nanocomposites with imperfect interface
Authors: Li R , Sun LZ
Published: December 2012

A viscoelastic interface model is proposed to study the effective mechanical responses of nanocomposites filled with carbon nanotubes. It is incorporated with the Mori–Tanaka method and the elastic-viscoelastic correspondence principle. The effective dynamic stiffness and damping of randomly oriented nanocomposites are investigated with the consideration of imperfect interfacial condition between the filler and matrix as well as the concentration and aspect ratio of fillers. Comparisons are performed between the model-based simulation and the experimental data for a specific type of multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced elastomer nanocomposites to demonstrate the potential of the proposed framework.
An integrated approach to technology platform and product platform development
Authors: Levandowski Christoffer E , Corin-Stig Daniel , Bergsjö Dag , Forslund Anders , Högman Ulf , Söderberg Rikard , Johannesson Hans
Published: December 2012

Platforms may enable offering a variety of products to the market while keeping the development cost down. Reusing design knowledge is a key concept, whether manifested as reusing parts, ideas, concepts, or technologies. This article describes processes and information technology solutions for holistically working with both technology platforms and product platforms. A platform framework was developed for managing information and to support the processes. The use of the framework is illustrated through a case study performed at a subsupplier in the aerospace industry focusing on technology development, platform-based product development, and platform configuration. A wiki system supports the technology platform, containing electronic guidelines, methods, and information about the technologies. To support the product platform, a product lifecycle management architecture is created. A turbine rear structure from a turbofan engine is used as an example, requiring several different analysis technologies to be used and coordinated when creating a variant. The solution is a product lifecycle management architecture created based on the technology platform. It integrates a product data management system, a computer-aided design tool, two computer-aided engineering tools, and a configurator.
Solving the system of generalized Sylvester matrix equations over the generalized centro-symmetric matrices
Authors: Dehghan Mehdi , Hajarian Masoud
Published: December 2012

The system of generalized Sylvester matrix equations [Formula: see text] (including Sylvester and Lyapunov matrix equations as special cases) has nice applications in various branches of control and system theory. In the present paper, we consider this system over the generalized centro-symmetric matrix X. By extending the Jacobi and the Gauss–Seidel iterations and by applying the hierarchical identification principle, we propose a gradient-based iterative algorithm for finding the generalized centro-symmetric solution of the system. It is shown that the iterative algorithm consistently converges to the generalized centro-symmetric solution for any initial generalized centro-symmetric matrix. A numerical experiment is also given to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Differing Levels of Clinical Evidence
Authors: Smith Quentin W. , Street Richard L. , Volk Robert J. , Fordis Michael
Published: December 2012

The near ubiquitous access to information is transforming the roles and relationships among clinical professionals, patients, and their care givers in nearly all aspects of healthcare. Informed patients engage their physicians in conversations about their conditions, options and the tradeoffs among diagnostic and therapeutic benefits and harms. The processes of care today increasingly and explicitly integrate exploration of patient values and preferences as patients and clinicians jointly engage in reaching decisions about care. The informed patient of today who can understand and use scientific information can participate as an equal partner with her clinician. Others with beliefs or educational, cultural, or literacy backgrounds that pose challenges to comprehending and applying evidence may face disenfranchisement. These barriers are significant enough, even in the face of certainty of evidence, that clinicians and investigators have given much thought to how best to engage all patients in decision making. However, barriers remain, as most decision making must occur in settings where uncertainty, if not considerable uncertainty, accompanies any statement of what we know. In September 2011, health care and health communication experts came together in Rockville, Maryland under the auspices of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) John M. Eisenberg Center for Clinical Decisions and Communications Science Annual Meeting to explore the challenges of differing levels of evidence in promoting shared decisions and to propose strategies for going forward in addressing these challenges. Eight scholarly papers emerged, and with this introductory article, comprise this special issue of Medical Care Research and Review.
“Stop Rape Now?”
Authors: Grey Rosemary , Shepherd Laura J.
Published: December 2012

Inspired by the themes of violence, masculinity and responsibility, this article investigates the visibility of male victims/survivors of conflict-related sexual violence in war. Despite the passing of UNSCR 1820 in 2008, the formulation of UN ACTION (United Nations Action Against Sexual Violence in Conflict), and the appointment of a United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General to lead policy and practice in this issue area, we argue here that male survivors/victims remain a marginal concern, which has, among other consequences, profound implications for the facilities that exist to support male victims/survivors during and after periods of active conflict. In the first section of the article, we provide an overview of the contemporary academic literature on rape in war, not only to act as the foundation for the analytical work that follows but also to illustrate the argument that male survivors/victims of sexualised violence in war are near-invisible in the majority of literature on this topic. Second, we turn our analytical lens to the policy environment charged with addressing sexualised violence in conflict. Through a discourse analysis focussed on the website of UN ACTION (www.stoprapenow.org), we demonstrate that this lack of vision in academic work maps directly to a lack of visibility in the policy arena. The third section of the article explores the arrangements in place within extant peacebuilding and post-conflict reconstruction programmes that aim to facilitate recovery with victims/survivors of sexualised violence in war. We conclude with reflections on the themes of violence, masculinity and responsibility in the context of sexualised violence in war and suggest that in this context all privileged actors have a responsibility to theorise violence with careful attention to gender in order to avoid perpetuating models of masculinity and war-rape that have potentially pernicious effects.
Genesis of Youth Cultures in Chile: Coléricos & Carlotos (1955–1964)
Authors: González Yanko
Published: December 2012

This article examines the birth of youth cultures in Chile in the mid-1950s. Using biographical accounts and archival material together with theoretical, and historical analysis, it is proposed that these groups were shaped by the segmented cultural industry (especially the film industry), as much as by the labelling and press-induced moral panic. Consequently, it is believed that the ‘coléricos’ and the ‘carlotos’ are more than just youth subcultures or countercultures associated to a particular generation of middle-class men marked by the unequal impact of the modernizing transformations Chile experienced in the 1950s. Instead, it is stated that youth cultures arose as a hyperbole of social change as they synthesize the mutations that affected intergenerational relations and the concept of youth itself, shifting from the status of being single to just being young, based on practices that the adult society does not carry out, such as informal dating (pololeo), collaborative home parties (malones) and segregated film attendance (matinés).
Learning ‘in’, ‘through’ and ‘about’ movement in senior physical education? The new Victorian Certificate of Education Physical Education
Authors: Brown Trent , Penney Dawn
Published: December 2012

Over the past decade amidst the development and implementation of new official curriculum texts and associated assessment requirements, there has been considerable international interest in senior physical education. Arnold’s three dimensions of movement have been prominent in curriculum developments and academic debates. In the state of Victoria, Australia, a new official text for the Victorian Certificate of Education Physical Education (VCEPE) was introduced in 2011. This paper re-articulates Arnold’s dimensions of movement as a framework for inquiry, centring on this development. The framework is utilised to critically examine the pedagogical intent inherent in the new VCEPE text and examine the prospective ‘slippage’ that may feature in teachers’ interpretation and implementation of the new text. Specifically, the analysis firstly draws on Arnold’s (1979) three dimensions of movement to explore ways in which different ‘ways of knowing’ in physical education have been represented in the official text, and secondly considers the prospective and potential expression of Arnold’s dimensions in teachers’ interpretation and implementation of the new text. The potential for either conservative or progressive readings of the official text is articulated.
The association between motivation in school physical education and self-reported physical activity during Finnish junior high school
Authors: Jaakkola Timo , Washington Tracy , Yli-Piipari Sami
Published: December 2012

The main purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate the role of motivational climates, perceived competence and motivational regulations as antecedents of self-reported physical activity during junior high school years. The participants included 237 Finnish students (101 girls, 136 boys) that were 13 years old at the first stage of the study. Students completed the motivational climate and perceived competence questionnaires at Grade 7, motivation towards physical education questionnaire at Grade 8, and self-reported physical activity questionnaire at Grade 9. A path analysis revealed a path from task-involving motivational climate via perceived competence and intrinsic motivation to self-reported physical activity. Perceived competence and intrinsic motivation were statistically significant mediators between task-involving motivational climate and self-reported physical activity. This finding supports the four-stage causal sequence model of motivation.
Visual and auditory digit-span performance in native and non-native speakers
Authors: Olsthoorn Nomi M. , Andringa Sible , Hulstijn Jan H.
Published: December 2012

We compared 121 native and 114 non-native speakers of Dutch (with 35 different first languages) on four digit-span tasks, varying modality (visual/auditory) and direction (forward/backward). An interaction was observed between nativeness and modality, such that, while natives performed better than the non-natives on the auditory tasks (which were performed in the non-natives’ second language), performance on the visual tasks (which was performed in participants’ dominant language) did not significantly differ between natives and non-natives. The interaction between nativeness and modality disappeared when the data were corrected for Dutch proficiency. Correction for Dutch proficiency elevated non-native speakers’ scores on the auditory tasks, without altering the non-natives’ digit-span rank order. Despite considerable differences in mean length of the digit names zero to nine in the non-natives’ first languages, these differences were not significantly correlated with their visual digit-span scores. While further research is needed on the sources of variation in digit-span performance, we recommend the use of the visual digit-span task (forward or backward) for cross-linguistic research and advise researchers to be aware of the association between language proficiency and verbal working-memory performance.
Orion: A system for modeling, transformation and visualization of multidimensional heterogeneous networks
Authors: Heer Jeffrey , Perer Adam
Published: December 2012

The study of complex activities such as scientific production and software development often requires modeling connections among heterogeneous entities including people, institutions, and artifacts. Despite advances in algorithms and visualization techniques for understanding such social networks, the process of constructing network models and performing exploratory analysis remains difficult and time-consuming. In this article, we present Orion, a system for interactive modeling, transformation, and visualization of network data. Orion’s interface enables the rapid manipulation of large graphs—including the specification of complex linking relationships—using simple drag-and-drop operations with desired node types. Orion maps these user interactions to statements in a declarative workflow language that incorporates both relational operators (e.g. selection, aggregation, and joins) and network analytics (e.g. centrality measures). We demonstrate how these features enable analysts to flexibly construct and compare networks in domains such as online health communities, electronic medical records, academic collaboration, and distributed software development.
Evaluating Leadership Development Needs in a Health Care Setting Through a Partnership Approach
Authors: Grandy Gina , Holton Judith
Published: December 2012

The Problem

Strategic HRD contributes to creating an environment in which objectives and improved performance can be realized through leadership development (LD). Despite considerable investment in LD by public and private sector organizations in North America and Europe, these efforts often fail to produce significant changes in leaders’ behaviors, organizational culture, or organizational performance. As a result, too often leadership development programs (LDPs) are “one size fits all” or a prepackaged competency model without paying attention to individual and contextual differences. A more collaborative approach in the design and delivery of LD has been advocated; however, to date little research has documented or evaluated this at the pre-LDP or needs assessment stage.

The Solution

This research argues that LD should be a collaborative process involving all stakeholders and that such a partnership approach starts at the needs assessment phase. The research documents and evaluates a three-phase LD needs assessment process in a health care setting. Adopting a case study methodology, it draws primarily upon qualitative data collected from focus groups, written submissions, and interviews with senior and middle managers employed in a provincial health authority, Horizon Health Network, located in Atlantic Canada.

The Stakeholders

HRD researchers and practitioners in health care responsible for designing, delivering, and evaluating LDPs will find the approach described here insightful and practical. Middle and senior managers working in health care settings who seek to find practical and effective means of addressing leadership gaps and building and sustaining leadership competence across organizations under the pressures of persistent and complex change will also find this research relevant and valuable.
Detecting Causal Chains in Small-n Data
Authors: Baumgartner Michael
Published: December 2012

The first part of this article shows that qualitative comparative analysis (QCA)—also in its most recent form as in Ragin (2008) —does not correctly analyze data generated by causal chains. The incorrect modeling of data originating from chains essentially stems from QCA’s reliance on Quine-McCluskey optimization to eliminate redundancies from sufficient and necessary conditions. Baumgartner (2009a , 2009b ) has introduced a Boolean methodology, termed coincidence analysis (CNA), which is related to QCA, yet, contrary to the latter, does not eliminate redundancies by means of Quine-McCluskey optimization. The second part of the article applies CNA to chain-generated data. It turns out that CNA successfully detects causal chains in small-[Formula: see text] data.