bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Levantamento das espécies arbóreas da Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia
Authors: Carvalho Gabriel Martins de , Roque Nádia , Guedes Maria Lenise Silva
Published: April 2022

The urban green areas are important for the maintenance of the microclimate, reduction of the sonorous pollution, for the improvement of human life quality and as shelter to several animals. The Federal University of the Bahia, inserted in a major urban center, is composed by green areas and small forest fragments. The main objectives of this study are to register the arboreal species found on the UFBA and to collaborate with the knowledge of the flora of green areas located in urban centers. We collected arboreal specimens with DBH e” 10 cm, between August 2005 and June 2006, present in squares, buildings and street gardens. Species were identified and included at ALCB Herbarium. A total of 131 species distributed within 100 genera and 31 families of angiosperms and two families of gymnosperm were collected. The most diverse families were Leguminosae (30%), Arecaceae (14%), Moraceae (7%), Bignoniaceae (5%) and Malvaceae (5%). Amongst the species sampled, 65 species (49,6%) were exotic indicating that the landscape managements of the UFBA followed the standards observed in the majority of the public green areas of the Brazilian cities. Landscape interventions should prioritize the use of the native flora and take into account the natural density and distribution of the species, therefore avoiding to compromise landscape attributes and the ecological dynamics of the vegetation and related communities.
Avaliação da atividade imunomoduladora de extratos de peles e glândulas parotóides de anuros do semi-árido brasileiro
Authors: Sá Matheus Santos de , Juncá Flora Acuña , Carvalho Lain Carlos Pontes de , Santos Ricardo dos , Soares Milena Botelho Pereira
Published: April 2022

The skin of amphibians has been characterized by the presence of several chemical products with diverse biological activities. These compounds participate as defense mechanisms against pathogens and harmful substances to which amphibians are exposed in their natural habitats. This work aimed to investigate the pharmacological activity of skin and gland extracts prepared from species of anures native or endemic from Brazilian semi-arid region with emphasis on immunomodulatory activity. Aqueous extracts were prepared by homogenization of skins of seven anure species (Hypsiboas crepitans, Hyspsiboas albopunctatus, Bokermannohyla oxente, Leptodactylus ocellatus, Chaunus rubescens, Ceratophrys joazeirensis e Chaunus jimi) and of glands of two species (Chaunus rubescens and Chaunus jimi). To evaluate the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production by the extracts, we used J774 cells stimulated with IFN-g and LPS and measured the nitrite concentration using the Griess method 24 hour later. For lymphoproliferation assays, BALB/c mice spleen cells were stimulated in vitro with concanavalin A in the presence or absence of extracts being the proliferative response determined by 3H-thymidine uptake quantification. Of the nine extracts analyzed, five had inhibitory activity superior to 50% in lymphoproliferation assay (skin extract of C. rubescens, B. oxente, Chaunus. jimi, L. ocellatus and gland extract of C. rubescens) and only one extract inhibited NO production (Chaunus rubescens). The results demonstrate that anure species from the Brazilian semi-arid are a potential source of molecules with immunomodulatory activity. Studies aiming to isolate and characterize the active molecule in the skin of C. rubescens are being carried out.
Biodegradação de efluentes têxteis por fungos basidiomicetos produtores de enzimas ligninolíticas: uma breve revisão
Authors: Kamida Hélio Mitoshi , Soares Helna C. Passinho , Santos Irailde da Silva , Uetanabaro Ana Paula T.
Published: April 2022

The use of the basidiomycetes fungi has become an excellent alternative in the process of biodegradation of industrial waste. The lignocellulosic fungi have a notable potential for the degradation of these residues, especially the textile industry effluents. Fungi present an efficient enzymatic system for lignocellulosic residues degradation and mineralization being useful also in the bioremediation of xenobiotic composites. This work had the objective to make a mini-review of studies on fungi that produce ligninolytic enzymes used in the biodegradation of industrial wastewater.
Thozetella species (anamorphic fungi – Hyphomycetes) from Semi-Arid of Bahia State, Brazil
Authors: Barbosa Flávia Rodrigues , Gusmão Luís Fernando P. , Barbosa Fabio Fernandes
Published: April 2022

This paper deals with the occurrence of three species of the genus Thozetella Kuntze found on decaying leaves in the semi-arid region of Bahia State, Brazil: T. cristata Piroz. & Hodges, T. cubensis R.F.Castañeda & G.R.W. Arnold, and T. havanensis R.F. Castañeda. Description and illustrations are provided for T. havanensis, a new register for Bahia State. A taxonomic key with all species of Thozetella collected in Brazil is added.
Measurements of atmospheric turbulence with airborne beacons by using a differential scintillation method
Authors: Qiu Chenxiang , Hou Zaihong , Jing Xu , He Feng , Wang Hao , Zhang Silong
Published: April 2022

By using the differential scintillation method suggested and described in this work, vibrations of unmanned aircraft vehicle platforms can be eliminated. Therefore, airborne beacons have great potential applications in turbulence measurements along an arbitrary atmospheric path. The experiment with a constant beacon shows that the retrieved results of the differential scintillation method have good consistency with the scintillation index inversion method. Additionally, a similar verification was carried out between a simulative airborne beacon and a constant beacon; the differential scintillation method indicated more consistent results than the scintillation index inversion method, and its retrieved results of different beacons were in good agreement with a correlation coefficient close to 1, reaching 0.994. In verification experiments over a slant path, the retrieved results of the differential scintillation method showed good statistical properties when an airborne beacon was measured under various weather conditions. The results indicated that the new, to the best of our knowledge, proposed differential scintillation method is a reliable and feasible technique for eliminating stability issues in the measurements of airborne beacons.
Numerical characterization of soliton microcomb in an athermal hybrid Si3N4–TiO2 microring
Authors: Wang Zheng-Yu , Wang Pi-Yu , Li Ming , Wan Shuai , Guo Guang-Can , Dong Chun-Hua
Published: April 2022

We theoretically investigate the athermal constructions to cancel the thermorefractive effect of a hybrid

S

i
3

N
4

–

T
i

O
2

microring, which merges two materials with opposite thermo-optical coefficients (TOCs). The analytical and numerical results predict that the thermorefractive effect can be reduced under the appropriate parameters. In addition, the soliton state is easily accessed under the athermal condition. The thermorefractive noise due to the fluctuation of the microresonator temperature caused by the heat exchange between the microresonator and the surrounding environment is also suppressed by one order of magnitude, which is critical for the potential applications of soliton microcombs, such as spectroscopy, optical clocks and microwave generation.
Graphene-assisted tunable D-shaped photonic crystal fiber sensor in the visible and IR regions
Authors: Pakarzadeh H. , Sharif V. , Vigneswaran D. , Ayyanar N.
Published: April 2022

A simple design of a D-shaped photonic crystal fiber sensor with 10 layers of graphene on the surface plasmon of gold is proposed for tuning refractive index (RI) sensitivity in the visible and IR regions. The proposed structure has been simulated by optimizing the mesh size and the method of finite-difference eigenmode. By tuning the chemical potential of graphene (

μ
c

), we realize tunable and enhanced RI sensing for a wide RI range from 1.35 to 1.42. The maximum wavelength sensitivities of the proposed sensor are 5200 nm/RIU, 6000 nm/RIU, and 7500 nm/RIU for

μ
c

=

0.8

e
v

, 1.0 ev, and 1.2 ev, respectively. Further, sensor characteristic parameters such as amplitude sensitivity, resolution, and figure of merit have been investigated for different chemical potentials. All dramatic changes in sensor parameters show an advancement plan to control and tune RI-based optical sensors assisted by graphene.
Coherent two-beam steering of delocalized nonlinear photoluminescence in a plasmon cavity
Authors: Dell’Ova Florian , Shakirova Diana , Brulé Yoann , Moreaud Laureen , Colas-des-Francs Gérard , Dujardin Erik , Bouhelier Alexandre
Published: April 2022

We aim at controlling the spatial distribution of nonlinear photoluminescence in a shaped micrometer-size crystalline gold flake. Interestingly, the underlying surface plasmon modal landscape sustained by this mesoscopic structure can be advantageously used to generate nonlinear photoluminescence (nPL) in remote locations away from the excitation spot. By controlling the modal pattern, we show that the delocalized nonlinear photoluminescence intensity can be redistributed spatially. This is first accomplished by changing the polarization orientation of the pulsed laser excitation in order to select a subset of available surface plasmon modes within a continuum. We then propose a second approach to redistribute the nPL within the structure by implementing a phase control of the plasmon interference pattern arising from a coherent two-beam excitation. Control and engineering of the nonlinear photoluminescence spatial extension is a prerequisite for deploying the next generation of plasmonic-enabled integrated devices relying on hot carriers.
Multifunctional analysis and verification of lightning-type electromagnetic metasurfaces
Authors: Xu Jie , Tang Jian , Cheng Yu , Chen Ming , Wang Hexuan , Xiong Jianfeng , Wang Tianrang , Wang Shuaizhao , Zhang Youdan , Wen Hui , Qu Shiliang , Yuan Libo
Published: April 2022

Aiming at the problems that most of the existing electromagnetic metasurfaces have single function and narrow application scope, a highly integrated lightning-type metasurface is proposed in this study. It can realize the functions of circular dichroism (CD), absorption of electromagnetic waves, broadband x-to-y cross polarization conversion (CPC) function, linear-to-circular polarization conversion (LTC-PC) function and asymmetric transmission (AT), and its functions are also analyzed and verified. The designed metasurface consists of the bottom grating structure, the lower SiO2, the middle lightning-type graphene, the upper SiO2, the top graphene and photosensitive silicon. Through numerical calculations, the CD of design can reach more than 85% at 4.22 THz. The function of bimodal absorption is achieved at 4.09 and 8.69 THz. At 7.41∼8.21 THz, the polarization conversion ratio (PCR) of the metasurface reaches more than 99%. Simultaneously, the function of LTC-PC can be formed when PCR is 50%. Finally, when the designed metasurface is in the transmissive state, the AT of design is close to 60% at 7.84 THz. This design provides a new design idea and method for biomedical detection, image processing, modulators, smart switches, optical diodes and other fields.
Investigation of Potential FEC Schemes for 800G-ZR Forward Error Correction
Authors: Wang Weiming , Qian Weifeng , Tao Kai , Wei Zitao , Zhang Shihua , Xia Yan , Chen Yong
Published: April 2022

With a record 400Gbps 100-piece-FPGA implementation, we investigate performance of the potential FEC schemes for OIF-800GZR. By comparing the power dissipation and correction threshold at 10−15 BER, we proposed the simplified OFEC for the 800G-ZR FEC.
Pilot trial using mass field-releases of sterile males produced with the incompatible and sterile insect techniques as part of integrated Aedes aegypti control in Mexico
Authors: Martín-Park Abdiel , Che-Mendoza Azael , Contreras-Perera Yamili , Pérez-Carrillo Silvia , Puerta-Guardo Henry , Villegas-Chim Josué , Guillermo-May Guillermo , Medina-Barreiro Anuar , Delfín-González Hugo , Méndez-Vales Rosa , Vázquez-Narvaez Santos , Palacio-Vargas Jorge , Correa-Morales Fabián , Ayora-Talavera Guadalupe , Pavía-Ruz Norma , Liang Xiao , Fu Ping , Zhang Dongjing , Wang Xiaohua , Toledo-Romaní María Eugenia , Xi Zhiyong , Vázquez-Prokopec Gonzalo , Manrique-Saide Pablo
Published: April 2022

Background

The combination ofWolbachia-based incompatible insect technique (IIT) and radiation-based sterile insect technique (SIT) can be used for population suppression ofAedes aegypti. Our main objective was to evaluate whether open-field mass-releases ofwAlbB-infectedAe.aegyptimales, as part of an Integrated Vector Management (IVM) plan led by the Mexican Ministry of Health, could suppress natural populations ofAe.aegyptiin urbanized settings in south Mexico.

Methodology/Principal findings

We implemented a controlled before-and-after quasi-experimental study in two suburban localities of Yucatan (Mexico): San Pedro Chimay (SPC), which received IIT-SIT, and San Antonio Tahdzibichén used as control. Release ofwAlbBAe.aegyptimales at SPC extended for 6 months (July-December 2019), covering the period of higherAe.aegyptiabundance. Entomological indicators included egg hatching rates and outdoor/indoor adult females collected at the release and control sites. Approximately 1,270,000 lab-producedwAlbB-infectedAe.aegyptimales were released in the 50-ha treatment area (2,000wAlbBAe.aegyptimales per hectare twice a week in two different release days, totaling 200,000 male mosquitoes per week). The efficacy of IIT-SIT in suppressing indoor femaleAe.aegyptidensity (quantified from a generalized linear mixed model showing a statistically significant reduction in treatment versus control areas) was 90.9% a month after initiation of the suppression phase, 47.7% two months after (when number of released males was reduced in 50% to match local abundance), 61.4% four months after (when initial number of released males was re-established), 88.4% five months after and 89.4% at six months after the initiation of the suppression phase. A proportional, but lower, reduction in outdoor femaleAe.aegyptiwas also quantified (range, 50.0–75.2% suppression).

Conclusions/Significance

Our study, the first open-field pilot implementation ofWolbachiaIIT-SIT in Mexico and Latin-America, confirms that inundative male releases can significantly reduce natural populations ofAe.aegypti. More importantly, we present successful pilot results of the integration ofWolbachiaIIT-SIT within a IVM plan implemented by Ministry of Health personnel.
Expanding the utility of the ROX index among patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure
Authors: Li Andrew , Cove Matthew Edward , Phua Jason , Puah Ser Hon , Ng Vicky , Kansal Amit , Tan Qiao Li , Sahagun Juliet Tolentino , Taculod Juvel , Tan Addy Yong-Hui , Mukhopadhyay Amartya , Tay Chee Kiang , Ramanathan Kollengode , Chia Yew Woon , Sewa Duu Wen , Chew Meiying , Lew Sennen J. W. , Goh Shirley , Dhanvijay Shekhar , Tan Jonathan Jit-Ern , FCCP Kay Choong See ,   on behalf of SICM-NICER Group
Published: April 2022

Background

Delaying intubation in patients who fail high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) may result in increased mortality. The ROX index has been validated to predict HFNC failure among pneumonia patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF), but little information is available for non-pneumonia causes. In this study, we validate the ROX index among AHRF patients due to both pneumonia or non-pneumonia causes, focusing on early prediction.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study in eight Singapore intensive care units from 1 January 2015 to 30 September 2017. All patients >18 years who were treated with HFNC for AHRF were eligible and recruited. Clinical parameters and arterial blood gas values at HFNC initiation and one hour were recorded. HFNC failure was defined as requiring intubation post-HFNC initiation.

Results

HFNC was used in 483 patients with 185 (38.3%) failing HFNC. Among pneumonia patients, the ROX index was most discriminatory in pneumonia patients one hour after HFNC initiation [AUC 0.71 (95% CI 0.64–0.79)], with a threshold value of <6.06 at one hour predicting HFNC failure (sensitivity 51%, specificity 80%, positive predictive value 61%, negative predictive value 73%). The discriminatory power remained moderate among pneumonia patients upon HFNC initiation [AUC 0.65 (95% CI 0.57–0.72)], non-pneumonia patients at HFNC initiation [AUC 0.62 (95% CI 0.55–0.69)] and one hour later [AUC 0.63 (95% CI 0.56–0.70)].

Conclusion

The ROX index demonstrated moderate discriminatory power among patients with either pneumonia or non-pneumonia-related AHRF at HFNC initiation and one hour later.
Analysis of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis using HR-pQCT: Development of a measurement algorithm and assessment of longitudinal changes
Authors: Shiraishi Kazuteru , Chiba Ko , Watanabe Kounosuke , Oki Nozomi , Iwamoto Naoki , Amano Shoken , Yonekura Akihiko , Tomita Masato , Uetani Masataka , Kawakami Atsushi , Osaki Makoto
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to establish an algorithm for measuring bone erosions at metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), to investigate the precision of measurements, and to assess longitudinal changes in bone erosions among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

The 2nd and 3rd MCP joints were scanned at a voxel size of 60.7 μm using second-generation HR-pQCT. Bone erosions on MCP joints were identified using a semi-automated algorithm we developed, and each erosion parameter was measured. Measurement reproducibility was evaluated in 19 healthy subjects using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and root mean square percent coefficient of variance (RMS%CV). Finally, longitudinal changes in bone erosions over a period of 12 months were assessed in 26 patients with RA based on the calculated least significant change (LSC).

Results

Reproducibilities for measurement parameters regarding bone erosions with our algorithm were good (all ICCs ≥ 0.98; all RMS%CVs < 5%). No erosion parameters showed significant changes after 12 months of treatment in terms of median values in all erosions, while both progression and repair of erosions were observed individually (e.g., erosion volume: progression, 26% (+0.62 mm3); repair, 34% (-0.85 mm3); no change, 40%).

Conclusions

The measurement algorithm developed for bone erosions at MCP joints showed good reproducibility. Both progression and repair of bone erosions were observed in patients with RA even after 12 months of appropriate treatment. Our algorithm may be useful to investigate the etiology of RA and assess drug efficacy.
Long-term administration of Tetragenococcus halophilus No. 1 over generations affects the immune system of mice
Authors: Kotake Kunihiko , Kumazawa Toshihiko , Adachi Takahiro
Published: April 2022

Japanese people have been consuming miso soup over generations; it is beneficial for health and longevity. In this study, Tetragenococcus halophilus No. 1 in miso was found to possess salient immunomodulatory functions. Recently, we also demonstrated its effect on boosting immunological robustness. Although the consumption of miso is suggested to affect health over generations, such a long-term experiment has not been conducted until now. Thus, we evaluated the effects of miso-derived T. halophilus No. 1 over generations on the immune system of mice. As the generations increase, the proportion of germinal center B cells tends to increase. Furthermore, we found that CD4+ T cells expressing CD69, an activation marker, were increased in the third generation of mice. In addition, the proportion of follicular helper T cells and regulatory T cells tended to increase. Among the subsets of CD4+ T cells in the fourth generation, effector T cells and effector memory T cells tended to increase. In contrast, central memory T cells and naive T cells decreased. Moreover, autoimmunity was suppressed by long-term administration of T. halophilus No. 1. Based on these findings, we believe that the long-term administration of T. halophilus No. 1 over generations promotes immune activation and tolerance and enhances immunological robustness.
Incidence of anogenital warts after the introduction of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine program in Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Righolt Christiaan H. , Willows Karla , Kliewer Erich V. , Mahmud Salaheddin M.
Published: April 2022

Background

The incidence of anogenital warts (AGW) decreased after the introduction of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) vaccine in multiple jurisdictions. We studied how comparing AGW incidence rates with different outcomes affects the interpretation of the qHPV vaccination program. To do this, we replicated multiple study designs within a single jurisdiction (Manitoba).

Methods

We measured the incidence rates of AGW, AGW-related prescriptions, chlamydia, and gonorrhea (the latter two as sham outcomes) between 2001 and 2017 using several clinical and administrative health databases from Manitoba. We then used incidence rate ratios (IRRs) to compare, for each outcome, the rate for the 1997–1998 birth cohort (the first cohorts eligible for the publicly funded qHPV vaccination program) and the older 1995–1996 birth cohort.

Results

AGW incidence in Manitoba dropped 72% (95% confidence interval 54–83%) among 16–18 year-old girls and 51% (14–72%) among boys after the introduction of the female-only qHPV vaccination program. Trends in AGW-related prescriptions were different from trends in AGW diagnoses as these prescriptions peaked shortly after the introduction of the publicly funded qHPV vaccine program. Chlamydia and gonorrhea incidence rates also decreased 12% (5–18%) and 16% (-1-30%), respectively, for 16–18 year-old girls.

Conclusions

The publicly funded school-based qHPV vaccine program reduced AGW incidence in Manitoba by three-quarters in young females. AGW-related prescriptions are a poor proxy for medically attended AGW after the introduction of the publicly funded qHPV vaccination program. Different sexual habits in adolescents are, at most, responsible for a small portion of the reduction in AGW incidence.
Automated preprocessing of building models for structural analysis
Authors: Lakusic Stjepan
Published: April 2022

BIM workflows still involve time-consuming manual model preprocessing for structural analysis such as assigning new data like structural material properties or loads, which prevents prompt feedback and is error prone. The main objective of this research is to automate the preprocessing of analytical building models so as to accelerate and improve structural analysis. The research is based on literature review and a real use case analysis, followed by formalization of preprocessing methods, their verification via two pilot building models, and evaluation by practitioners through panel discussion. The developed procedures can automatically assign loads, supports and joints floor-wise and reduce the model preparation time, errors and design costs in daily structural analysis practice; however, further adoption and consideration of existing practices is needed to increase the usefulness and usability of the proposed methods.
SEASONAL CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION OF SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYVESTRIS L.) OLEORESIN MEASURED BY THE NMR METHOD
Authors: Skakovskii Evgeny Dominikovich , Tychinskaya Lyudmila Yul'yevna , Hapankova Alena Igorevna , Latyshevich Irina Aleksandrovna , Popov Evgeny Germanovich , Lamotkin Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2022

Analysis of seasonal changes in the composition of Scots pine oleoresin by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy was carried out. Due to favorable weather conditions (positive temperatures on the days of sampling throughout the year) samples for each of the 12 months were obtained and studied. Chloroform (CDCl3) solutions of oleoresin were studied. Eight resin acids were identified and quantified: abietic, dehydroabietic, isopimaric, levopimaric, neoabietic, palustric, pimaric and sandaracopymaric, and also 6 monoterpenes: camphene, limonene, myrcene, α-pinene, β-pinene and terpinolene. It was found that the amount of oleoresin and α-pinene contained in it decreased at low temperatures. At the same time other monoterpenes were not detected within the measurement error. It was supposed that monoterpenes formed in smaller amounts during the period of pests' anabiosis, play the main role in the control of coniferous insect pests. It was found that the content of dehydroabietic, isopimaric, neoabietic, pimaric, and sandaracopymaric acids varied insignificantly during the year. The relationship between the amounts of abietic, levopimaric and palustric acids in the composition of oleoresin was found. It was supposed that the observed relationship was caused by low-temperature catalytic reactions of levopimaric acid isomerization with formation of abietic acid mainly. It was suggested that these processes should be taken into account to exclude errors in determining the content of the above acids in oleoresin even in case of statistical analysis.
ISOLATION OF FLAVONOID XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS FROM KNOTWEED HERB. CHEMICAL NA-TURE AND MECHANISM OF ACTION
Authors: Boyarintsev Daniel Igorevich , Kuzminov Ilya Vyacheslavovich , Vagina Diana Andreevna
Published: April 2022

The aim is to isolate flavonoid xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors from the herb of Knotweed, to characterize their nature and to determine the mechanism of action inhibitors. Objectives: 1. To isolate the amount of flavonoids from the herb of Knotweed and to assess their effect on the activity of XO. 2. Purify the total extract and obtain active fractions containing XO inhibitors, identify their nature. 3. Determine the mechanism of inhibition of XO, isolated by flavonoids. Methodology: Grass P. hydropiper extracted with 90% ethanol (70 °C for 1 h). A native extract obtained with a flavonoid content of 1.51%. The extract fractionated with heptane and ion exchange chromatography. The anti-xanthine oxidase activity of the fractions assessed by the spectrophotometric method. KO activity expressed in IU / g. The mechanism of action of KO inhibitors in the fractions was determined by constructing kinetic curves of the enzymatic reaction and calculating Km. Flavonoids were identified by TLC, PC, spectrophotometry. The obtained results and conclusions: 1. The sum of flavonoids from the herb of Knotweed inhibit the activity of KO at a concentration of 2.5 mg / ml. 2. Chalcones inhibiting XO were isolated from the native extract of the herb of Knotweed. 3. Flavonoids in the active fraction reversibly inhibit milk XO by a competitive mechanism Practical significance and directions for further research: The information obtained is the basis for the development of a new drug used to treat gout. It is necessary to develop a method for isolating a homogeneous flavonoid and conduct its pharmacokinetic studies.
Hierarquização de melhores ligantes a serem aplicados na imprimação betuminosa de rodovias em função de características tecnológicas e ambientais
Authors: Almeida Fernando Dácio de , De Araújo Barroso Suelly Helena , Machado de Carvalho Leandro , Do Nascimento Paulo Cícero , Hermann do Nascimento Luís Alberto , Coutinho Cravo Margareth
Published: April 2022

A busca pela compreensão do comportamento dos ligantes menos poluentes quando comparado ao asfalto diluído de petróleo (CM-30) para serviço de imprimação motivou esta pesquisa. Assim, hierarquizou-se ligantes comerciais e alternativos aplicáveis em serviços de imprimação pelos critérios tecnológicos e ambientais. Para tanto, verificou-se os parâmetros: penetração, coesão, aderência, desgaste superficial e ambiental de bases imprimadas com solos diferentes, usando-se o CM-30 como referência e seis ligantes alternativos: G8, G14, G15, G17, G18 e uma emulsão especial para imprimação - E1. Na base arenosa, o tipo de fluido preponderou sobre os parâmetros avaliados. Já na base argilosa, variações de umidade alteraram esses parâmetros. Assim, G14 apresentou-se promissor frente ao CM-30 seguido dos ligantes G8 e G18. Entretanto, o ligante G18 se mostrou inviável pelo gasto de energia para sua aplicação, cerca de 120°. Na análise ambiental, o G8 emitiu menos volátéis que o CM-30, sendo técnica e ambientalmente mais autossustentável.
Avaliação do desempenho acústico e das características de superfície de camada porosa de atrito em meio urbano
Authors: Cavalcante Alecrim Carla Marília , Teixeira Franco Castelo Branco Verônica , De Mesquita Peixoto Nara Gabriela , Alves Alessandro , Martins Pinheiro Gleidson
Published: April 2022

A Camada Porosa de Atrito (CPA) é utilizada, dentre outros locais, em rodovias ou em pistas de pouso e decolagem, para promover melhorias funcionais no pavimento. Em Fortaleza, a CPA está sendo utilizada em vias urbanas. O objetivo desse artigo é avaliar o desempenho acústico e de superfície das CPAs aplicadas nessas vias. Para isso, foram realizados ensaios acústicos (método da passagem controlada) em vias com revestimentos em CPA e em Concreto Asfáltico (CA). Foram realizados ensaios tradicionais de micro e macrotextura, além da utilização da técnica de Close-Range Photogrammetry (CRP) para a obtenção de parâmetros da superfície. A CPA mostrou-se eficiente na redução do ruído no meio urbano (até 5,6 dB (A)). A micro e a macrotexturas das CPAs não foram melhores do que um CA convencional nessas vias. A técnica de CRP possibilitou a obtenção de parâmetros que caracterizam melhor revestimentos de textura negativa como a CPA.
Diagnosis and Management of Cancer Risk in the Gastrointestinal Hamartomatous Polyposis Syndromes: Recommendations From the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Boland C. Richard , Idos Gregory E. , Durno Carol , Giardiello Francis M. , Anderson Joseph C. , Burke Carol A. , Dominitz Jason A. , Gross Seth , Gupta Samir , Jacobson Brian C. , Patel Swati G. , Shaukat Aasma , Syngal Sapna , Robertson Douglas J.
Published: April 2022

The gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis syndromes are rare, autosomal dominant disorders associated with an increased risk of benign and malignant intestinal and extraintestinal tumors. They include Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome, the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (including Cowden’s syndrome and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome), and hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome. Diagnoses are based on clinical criteria and, in some cases, confirmed by demonstrating the presence of a germline pathogenic variant. The best understood hamartomatous polyposis syndrome is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, caused by germline pathogenic variants in the STK11 gene. The management is focused on prevention of bleeding and mechanical obstruction of the small bowel by polyps and surveillance of organs at increased risk for cancer. Juvenile polyposis syndrome is caused by a germline pathogenic variant in either the SMAD4 or BMPR1A genes, with differing clinical courses. Patients with SMAD4 pathogenic variants may have massive gastric polyposis, which can result in gastrointestinal bleeding and/or protein-losing gastropathy. Patients with SMAD4 mutations usually have the simultaneous occurrence of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (juvenile polyposis syndrome–hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia overlap syndrome) that can result in epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding from mucocutaneous telangiectasias, and arteriovenous malformations. Germline pathogenic variants in the PTEN gene cause overlapping clinical phenotypes (known as the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndromes), including Cowden’s syndrome and related disorders that are associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal and colonic polyposis, colon cancer, and other extraintestinal manifestations and cancers. Due to the relative rarity of the hamartomatous polyposis syndromes, recommendations for management are based on few studies. This US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer consensus statement summarizes the clinical features, assesses the current literature, and provides guidance for diagnosis, assessment, and management of patients with the hamartomatous polyposis syndromes, with a focus on endoscopic management.
Richard Cartwright on Logic and the Trinity
Authors: Inwagen Peter van
Published: April 2022

It is often maintained that the doctrine of the Holy Trinity implies a contradiction. It is sometimes maintained that if the doctrine is formulated in a way consonant with the thesis that “identity is always relative to a sortal term,” it can be shown that it does not involve a contradiction. Richard Cartwright has contended that an appeal to “the relativity of identity” cannot change the fact that the doctrine of the Trinity is inconsistent with a principle that is “evident to the natural light of reason,” namely If every A is a B, then there cannot be fewer B’s than A’s. The purpose of this essay is to examine and evaluate that contention.
Knowledge Mobilization in Community-based Arctic Research
Authors: Flynn Melanie , Ford James D.
Published: April 2022

Knowledge mobilization (KMb) is widely recognized as being essential to research, but there is limited academic guidance on how to do this well. This paper builds on the growing body of literature to develop a framework of key principles for KMb focused on Indigenous communities in the North American Arctic. We used a literature search and coding of identified good practice from both the grey and peer-reviewed literature (n = 80), alongside semi-structured interviews (n = 24) with key stakeholders to determine a framework of key principles and to contextualize and identify gaps or challenges. We found that effective KMb occurs throughout the research process and varies widely across regions and by researcher and community. Ultimately, there is no checklist of specific actions to ensure effective KMb, nor would such a list be desirable given the need to tailor KMb to specific contexts. However, we have identified three key principles of effective KMb: 1) respect, 2) mutual understanding, and 3) researcher responsibility. Underlying these principles is the consideration of trust and relationship building. Though these notions are based on subtle and nuanced context and vary from place to place, they all involve the consideration of formal and informal processes of KMb with Arctic research. By highlighting these key principles, we provide a framework to increase effectiveness of KMb across environmental change research within Arctic communities.
Pulse Compressor based on Tunable Etched PM-MZI underwater Communication System
Authors: Kareem Ahmed U. , Mansour Tahreer S.
Published: April 2022

Underwater Optical Communication System (UOWC) has been used nowadays in modern optical communication systems. It has many militaries, industry, and scientific community applications. A compressed laser source was obtained in this experiment after using a pulse duration of 9 ns, peak power of 1.2297 mW, full width half maximum (FWHM) 286 pm, and a wavelength of 1546.7 nm. This work used three designs Single, cascaded, and nested, designed based on polarization-maintaining Mach-Zander interferometer (PM-MZI) this fiber etched. All three designs are tested in two different ways. The first structure consists of three variable lengths of (PMF) (8, 16, and 24) cm with etching 30 min. The Second structure has three constants of (PMF) 10 cm lengths with different etching times (10, 20, and 30) min correspond to (112.3, 86.7, 72.8) μm cladding diameter respectively. Four samples of water (seawater, shallow water, coastal water, distilled water) are regarded. This paper studies the effect of the four water samples placed on the fibers used in two structures within different three designs. The results obtained were single fiber, the compression factor FC = 1.1 when the PMF length is 24 cm and thickness cladding is 72.8 μm under shallow water. The peak power is (0.11) PW, the central wavelength is 1546.427 nm, and FWHM is 256 pm. while the cascaded shows FC = (1.5) in distilled water with variable fiber lengths. Finally, in design nested, FC is (1.2) in shallow water with constant fiber lengths.
Influence of Deposition Temperatures on the Structural and Optical Properties of Zn2SnO4 (ZTO) Thin Films
Authors: Saleh Layth A. , Khodair Ziad T.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the structural and optical properties of Zn2SnO4 thin films were studied. Chemical spray pyrolysis was used to make the films on glass substrates at varying temperatures (450, 500, and 550°C). All samples have a polycrystalline structure with a cubic spinel structure, according to XRD studies. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) investigated surface morphology, and AFM stands for atomic force microscopy. After increasing the temperature, the surface roughness and mean grain size both increased. In the wavelength range of 300-1100 nm, optical characteristics were examined as a function of wavelength because of crystal formation. The absorption spectra of Zn2SnO4 thin films reveal that absorption decreases with increasing temperature for all samples. The optical properties of the material, such as the extinction coefficient, refractive index, and dielectric constant, were investigated as well
Description of Ba-Sm (N=84) Isotones in the Framework of IBM Model
Authors: Salman Rusul Z. , Radhi Fahmi Sh.
Published: April 2022

The level structure of Ba-Sm (N=84) isotones is discussed in the interacting boson model (IBM). Energy levels, electromagnetic transition probabilities and mixing ratios are calculated. The experimental mixed symmetry identification for the lowest + 2 state in 140Ba, 142Ce and 144Nd supported, and a + 2 mixed symmetry state is proposed for 146Ba. Potential Energy Surface is examined and PES contours are plotted. The U(5) limit of the model is used to achieve agreement between theory and experiment.
Effect of Some Essential Oils on American Cockroach Periplaneta Americana L
Authors: Al-Hadithi Sawsan Ahmed , Shammari Nidaa Saua Al , Abdullah Miqdad Ali
Published: April 2022

Essential oils were extracted from Syzqiumoramac clove, Nigella sativa and eucalyptus oil for purpose of studying effect of these oils on adult cockroaches as repellents and extent of their attraction to them by treating biscuits with three concentrations (0.5, 0.25,1%). The results showed that clove oil was significantly more repellent than black seed oil at a concentration (1%), as average for five days was (0.32) compared to black seed oil (1.36). Insects attracted towards lunch averaged 7.58, 14 and this indicates fading of repellent effect due to penetration of the aroma of volatile clove oil. Results also showed that clove oil has a more lethal effect by direct spraying on nymphs and adults than black seed oil, as mortality in a specific time period of death for adults was 11.93 and nymphs 6.57, compared to black seed oil, the death rate of adults was 6.66, while for nymphs it was 3.46, which leads to the consideration of oil Clove oil has a more repellent and deadly effect than black seed oil.
A Study of Social, Economic, and Cultural Factors Affecting Marital Satisfaction of the Couples of Reproductive Age Using Generalized Estimating Equations
Authors: Abolghasemi Jamileh , Samani Leila Neysani , Jafari Fatemeh
Published: April 2022

Background and Objective: Marital satisfaction of couples causes family strength and cohesion. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting marital satisfaction of couples at the reproductive age. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 382 couples of reproductive age selected through cluster sampling in Tehran completed ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale and Neo Personality Inventory as well as a researcher-made questionnaire on social, economic, and cultural factors. Considering the significant correlation (r = 0.701) that existed between marital satisfaction of the women and their husbands, the factors affecting marital satisfaction were examined using generalized estimating equations and the R software (version 3.6.2). Results: The mean ages of the women and their husbands were 34 and 38 years, respectively. The results showed that in the final model of generalized estimating equations, there was a significant relationship between marital satisfaction of the couples and the four components of personality (neuroticism, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness), housing status, marriage duration, and the way of choosing a spouse. According to the findings, the mean marital satisfaction score of the couples who owned a house was 5.702 points higher than the tenants, and the marital satisfaction score of the couples who had chosen their spouses traditionally was 4.581 points greater than the others. Furthermore, each year of increase in the marriage duration increased the marital satisfaction score by 0.321. Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, which showed that personality traits as well as social, economic, and cultural factors were associated to the couples’ marital satisfaction levels, pre- and post-marital counseling could be effective in improving marital satisfaction.
Inhibitory Effect of Azadirachta Indica A. Juss and Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Extracts on the Growth of Alternaria Alternate that Causes Palm Leaf Spot Disease
Authors: Aljabry Saad Manea Enad , Al Nuaimy Ahmed A. , Jabbar Hanaa Awad , Al-Jandeel Tareq Jafaar , AL-Nuaimy Wafaa Ayad
Published: April 2022

A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of water, alcohol and oil extracts of two types of plants, Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Eucalyptus camaldulensis, with three concentrations (10, 20 and 30)% of each extract against the fungus Alternaria alternate that causes date palm leaf spot disease. The laboratory results showed that the oily extract of the seeds of A. indica gave the highest percentage of radial growth inhibition of the pathogenic fungus, which was 71.1, 75.3 and 77.5 at concentrations of 10, 20 and 30%, respectively, followed by the oil extract of E. camaldulensis leaves in the second place, which gave the percentage of Inhibition reached 55.1, 59.8 and 62.7%, respectively, at the same mentioned concentrations, As for the effect of extracts on the severity of palm leaf infestation with the pathogenic fungus, we note the superiority of A. indica seed oil extract in reducing infection severity, which amounted to 42.1, 38.8 and 23.6% at concentrations 10, 20 and 30%, respectively, followed by the oil extract of E. camaldulensis leaves in the rank. The second, which reduced the infection rate to 52.2, 46.5 and 42.1%, respectively, at the same concentrations, compared to the control treatments, in which the severity of infection reached 83.6 and 82.8%. It is worth noting that all plant extracts and their tested concentrations significantly reduced the severity of palm leaf spot disease compared to the control treatment.
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Tomaa Ghasaq A. , Alkaabi Zaid K. , Mohammed Mostafa Salim
Published: April 2022

In the present study, various calcination temperatures for auto-combustion technique was used to investigate the capability for tune a structural, visual and dielectric property of a synthesized Copper oxide. The smaller phase variations or lattice distortion seemed because of ever-changing the diffraction angle peaks to large angle in copper oxide are resembled with increase the calcination temperature. The crystalline size seems for reduction in grain size between 5.6nm and 3.98nm with enhancing calcination temperature of CuO nanoparticles. Electronic transportation properties were unrushed through impedance analyzer on the frequency range of 0-8MHz at numerous temperatures. Dielectric permittivity of CuO nanoparticles was found to decreases in energy losses 0.00023 to 0.00015 with increment of calcination temperature. The alternating current conductivity mechanism in the CuO calculated by Maxwell-Wagner Model. The optical properties containing the absorption spectra for synthesized samples were examined by ultra-visible spectra. The value of energy band gap was also establishing reduction from 4.37eV to 2.38eV by increasing the temperature. The consequences exposed that the copper oxide NPs by increasing ultra-wide band gap would be presented better photo-response for solar cell as well as photo-detectors applications.
Energy Conservation for Fluids and Radiation Beams Using Pressure Notion to Account for Thermal, Mechanical, and Frictional Collisional Energy
Authors: Mahmoud Hassab Alla M.A. , Abdalgadir L.M. , Rashed Mohammed M. , Widaa Einas Mohammed Ahmed , Alshekh Mariam Abdalla
Published: April 2022

One of the most challenging problems is energy conservation for systems which consist of aggregates of particles, such as fluids and radiation beams, as well as their interaction through collision and friction. The lack of a usable energy expression for this system that accounts for mechanical and thermal interactions makes it challenging to describe. The effect of thermal, mechanical, collision, and friction processes on the system energy was taken into consideration using the fluid momentum equation in this study. We can incorporate all of these processes using the concept of pressure, which is analogous to the concept of potential. We have found a conserved expression for energy using this viewpoint. This equation also includes thermal, mechanical (sound), and frictional pressures besides the frenetic and potential terms. It reduces to newton ordinary energy formula in the absence of pressure. We have also generalized the ordinary gas low to account for non-thermal mechanical pressures.
Study of Optical Soliton of Nonlinear Optical Fibers by Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation
Authors: Jawad Anwar Ja'afar Mohamad , Abu-Al Shaeer Mahmood Jawad
Published: April 2022

This paper is mainly concerned with obtaining the pure optical cubic of solitons in nonlinear optical fibers and formulating them by relying on the nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE). This method is effective for extracting optical solitons. We discuss the model responsible for controlling the motion of the soliton with a third-order dispersion effect. This is done without the need for external capabilities to support the visual movement of the soliton. The cubic optical soliton of this model is obtained by relying on the nonlinearity of Kerr law of and without chromatic dispersion. Soliton wave solutions are precisely extracted and constructed using different Csch, Tanh-Coth and exponential functions as well as fiber-optic solitary wave solutions which include complex soliton mixed solutions, singular, multiple, dark and bright solutions. The terms of integration and constraints for the resulting solutions are presented and discussed and we find the solitary and periodic waves solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equations.