bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations of Increased Red Cell Distribution Width Levels with the Severity of Carotid Artery Stenosis: Cross-sectional Study Results
Authors: Gaisenok Oleg
Published: May 2024

Background:

Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is being actively studied as a biomarker in various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of RDW in patients with carotid atherosclerosis, comparing it with an assessment of the severity of carotid artery stenosis (CAS).

Methods:

The Duplex registry database was used to conduct this retrospective cross-sectional study. The study participants underwent a complete blood count test, analysis for lipid profile, and carotid ultrasound. The patients were divided into 5 groups depending on CAS degree: none; 20%–49%; 50%–69%; 70%–99%; and occlusion.

Results:

Data from 2548 patients were included in the final analysis (mean age: 57.9 ± 12.3 years; 51% males [n = 1301]). The analysis confirmed the relationship between the increase in the RDW index and CAS gradation increase in men (Kr-W H = 16.43; P = 0.0009), but was not confirmed in women (Kr-W H = 4.32; P = 0.22). Significantly higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and platelets and lower levels of red blood cell and white blood cells were registered in female patients without CAS and with CAS < 50% compared with men (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The results of the present study showed that RDW is an indicator whose increase is associated with an increase in the degree of carotid atherosclerosis in men, but not in women. This allows to discuss the role of the RDW index as a possible new laboratory biomarker of inflammation and progression of atherosclerosis, which can make an additional contribution to the formation of increased morbidity and mortality in men from atherosclerotic CVD.
The Study of the Feasibility of Ultrasound-guided Catheterization of the Right Brachiocephalic Vein in Adult Patients: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Singh Yudhyavir , Pratibhan Magesh , Singh Abhishek , Depal Vini , Sawhney Chhavi , Gupta Babita
Published: May 2024

Background:

The brachiocephalic vein (BCV) is a feasible option for central venous access in the pediatric population and is rapidly developing as an alternative site for insertion of the central line in young children with faster insertion times, fewer attempts, and lower rates of complications. However, studies demonstrating the feasibility of BCV catheterization in adult patients are insufficient. The current study sought to assess the safety and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided supraclavicular right BCV cannulations in adults.

Methods:

A linear array Ultrasound (US) probe was used to obtain a longitudinal picture of the BCV beginning at the junction of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein in the supraclavicular region. Under US supervision, the needle was guided into the BCV using the in-plane approach. A prospective study was performed on 80 adult patients scheduled for elective and emergency operative procedures under general anesthesia requiring a central venous catheter (CVC). Success rates and complications that occurred during catheter insertion were analyzed.

Results:

CVC placement was successful in all adults. The procedure was successful at the first attempt in 74 cases (92.5%) and after 2 attempts in six patients (7.5%). The time to guide wire insertion was 31.26 s (19–58 s), and catheter insertion took 88.44 s (63–145 s). The mean length of catheter insertion was 10.46 cm. No complications were noted.

Conclusion:

Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular BCV catheterization offers a new and safe method for central venous line catheterization in adults. However, larger trials and meta-analyses are needed to confirm these findings and evaluate the safety of this technique.
Type IV Sacrococcygeal Teratoma with Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Mazumder Raktim , Roshan Md Rameez , Sardar Faruk Rahaman , Halder Pankaj
Published: May 2024

Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is the most common extragonadal germ cell tumor. Based on the external presentation, types I, II, III, and IV are described. Up to 70% of individuals with type IV SCT may experience a delay in diagnosis due to little evidence of an external tumor and the frequent occurrence of obstructive symptoms. We described a rare case of type IV SCT in a 2-year-old girl who primarily exhibited symptoms of urinary incontinence and constipation. She was eventually diagnosed and managed successfully with the complete excision of the tumor along with a colostomy and urinary diversion.
Nonpharmacological Intervention Module for Graded Domiciliary Care in Dementia Care at Community Level
Authors: Ghosh Nilanjana , Mukherjee Bhaskar , Layek Avik
Published: May 2024

Mental health is an oftly neglected topic more so due to stigma associated with the disease. Hence, availability of a user-friendly module can be of immense help to carers improving their mental health, as they often suffer from depression. This in turn may lead to clinical improvement of the patient as well. Integrating each family member into the care practices is also equally important. Nonpharmacological interventions once designed and structured will lead to a standardized care continuum at the community level for all patients and will help as a ready reckoner for the careers to compare their work or call out to each other during times of need. Even the burden on hospitals will decrease which will then mainly focus on patient monitoring pharmacological interventions.
Perioperative Management of Coronavirus Patient and Critical Care Concerns
Authors: Kaeley Nidhi , Mahala Prakash , Bhatia Rohan , Choudhary Suman
Published: May 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 caused by SARS-COV-2 virus was first detected in China in December 2019. The World Health Organization declared it as a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020. It is a beta coronavirus with identical genome as that of bat coronavirus hinting to bats as a natural host. It causes a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms. They include fever, dry cough, fatigue, loss of smell, diarrhea, and severe pneumonia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The elderly population and those with underlying comorbidities are more prone to severe pneumonia and higher mortality. At present, India is in the stage 2 of local transmission of SARS-COV-2 infection. However, Indian government in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research is taking stringent steps to prevent stage 3 transmission that is community spread. In this review article, we discuss evidence-based principles and guidelines of infection control and perioperative management of patients in COVID-19 times. The emphasis is on the use of personal protective equipment's and hand hygiene steps to prevent viral transmission by and to the anesthetist and other frontline health-care workers as well as patients.
Inadvertent Fall of Oxygen Cylinder on Foot
Authors: Adhikari Navneet , Dharmshaktu Ganesh Singh
Published: May 2024

Thirty two year old male presented to us with compliant of fall of an oxygen cylinder over his right great toe while transporting it. There were pain and swelling, for which he later contacted emergency room. Production and transport of oxygen were much-needed step that was palpable in the time of pandemic crisis. Amid the looming and potential oxygen crisis during COVID-19 pandemic, the need for self-sustained oxygen concentrator as safe, low-cost, and easily available solution was advocated for rural India.
Characteristics of Mechanical Bony Block at the Elbow Region Following Noncompliant Treatment in Rural Settings
Authors: Dharmshaktu Ganesh Singh
Published: May 2024

Background:

Elbow function is important for activities of daily living and restriction of its full range of motion affects the quality of life. Various localized reasons such as trauma, congenital deformities, and diseases may alter bony anatomy resulting in suboptimal joint movement and require appropriate diagnosis and subsequent management. It is therefore important to know the common causes of mechanical elbow block and their pattern.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective account of serial cases of mechanical flexion block with the radiological presence of bony hindrance to elbow motion were included with relevant characteristics like patient demographics, laterality, reason, anatomical involvement, previous and further treatment were noted for each of them.

Result:

A total of 21 cases (18 males and 3 females) with mechanical flexion block were part of the study with a mean age of 20.19 years. Malunited supracondylar and malunited radial head fractures were commonly identified the reason for the bony block, followed by other singular causes. Operative intervention was done in most of the cases, while one case was managed conservatively. Lack of availability of specialist doctors, lack of regular transport to higher center, and financial issues were reasons behind noncompliance to the treatment.

Conclusion:

Mechanical motion block is disabling condition and dedicated preventive and therapeutic intervention is required to deal with it. The pediatric cases can be observed for remodeling failing which operative intervention can be done. The surgery in selective adult cases leads to good outcome.
Prevalence of Obesity in Preschool Children at Hilla/Babylon/Iraq 2020
Authors: Kadhim Bahaa Mufeed
Published: May 2024

Background:

More and more preschool children in Iraq and elsewhere are becoming overweight or obese. Many countries are now reporting a similar trend among preschool children. However, little information is available on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children in Iraq. In addition, available data are based on reported rather than measured height, weight, and body mass index (BMI).

Aims:

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of obesity/overweight among preschool children in private and governmental kindergartens (KGs) at Hilla 2020.

Settings and Design:

This study was a cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:

In order to determine the prevalence of obesity in preschool children 2-5 year old children who are attending kindergartens are selected as a sample in a cross sectional manner, the researcher measured the height and weight and calculated the BMI for each child to compare it with the WHO growth charts. The study was conducted for a period extended from January 2020 to December 2020. The total participants were 2148 parents and their 2–5-year-old children selected from all KGs available. The data were collected using an adapted questionnaire and were analyzed electronically.

Statistical Analysis:

Analysis of data was carried out using the available statistical package of SPSS-27 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 27). Data were presented in simple measures of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and range (minimum–maximum values). The significance of difference of different percentages (qualitative data) was tested using the Pearson Chi-square test. Statistical significance was considered whenever P ≤ 0.05.

Results:

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool KG children was 14.8% and 5.9%, respectively; the main factors that affect childhood obesity are family income and the presence of obesity in other family members.

Conclusions:

There is a high prevalence of obesity/overweight among 2–5-year-old children with a significant difference regarding obesity/overweight prevalence between governmental and private KGs.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Bone Marrow Transplantation: A Mini-review
Authors: Joob Beuy , Wiwanitkit Viroj
Published: May 2024

Since the first incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in 2019, the illness has rapidly spread, increasing the number of cases, hospital admissions, and fatalities associated with COVID-19. The epidemic is putting an unprecedented amount of stress on the health-care system, including programs that perform both allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and cellular treatment employing T cells. The risk of a severe COVID-19 infection in HSCT patients is widely acknowledged, and the COVID-19 vaccine is strongly advised. This mini-review provides a succinct overview of recent advances in COVID-19 and bone marrow transplantation.
Association of Glycosylated Hemoglobin with Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rakhecha Darshan , Patil Bharat Umakant , Parakh Akshay , Yelwatkar Samir
Published: May 2024

Background:

Diabetes is the leading cause of death and disability among cardiovascular disease patients. By 2025, India will have people with diabetes to one in every five diabetics worldwide.

Aim:

The study examines the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in type 2 diabetes patients.

Settings and Design:

This was a cross-sectional observational study.

Materials and Methods:

Over 2 years, 345 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who gave informed consent and met the inclusion criteria were studied. The HbA1c test was performed using ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. Electrocardiogram and two-dimensional echocardiography were used to evaluate cardiac dysfunctions. The relationship between potential variables and outcomes was determined using logistic regression.

Statistical Analysis:

All statistical analyses were carried out using STATA version 13 (College Station, TX: Stata Corp LP).

Results:

Mean HbA1c levels were found to be higher in patients with LVDD (10.40% ± 4.25%) compared to normal LVDD (7.51% ±3.18%) (P = 0.004) in the current study. The predicted left ventricular (LV) function with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.883.

Conclusions:

LVDD is a common finding in people with type 2 diabetes. LVDD causes various cardiac complications, including LV hypertrophy, which is concerning. The current findings suggest that HbA1c is a reliable predictor of LVDD that can be used for screening in resource-limited areas where echocardiography is unavailable. In addition, regular HbA1c screening and blood sugar control can help prevent cardiovascular complications caused by LVDD in type 2 diabetic patients.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Teaching Pathology to Medical Students
Authors: Puri Sarandeep Singh , Goel Neha , Garg Pradeep
Published: May 2024

The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) have swiftly forayed into medical education. This study aimed to decipher the role of AI in teaching pathology to medical students, enlisting its potential benefits which include improved diagnostic accuracy, personalized learning experiences, and effective feedback mechanisms. It also brings into the light challenges and ethical considerations associated with incorporating AI in pathology education. This article provides a comprehensive idea about the current as well as prospects of AI in pathology in the long run.
The Use of Neutrophil Elastase and Neutrophil Myeloperoxidase as Biomarker in Hemarthrosis
Authors: Mohammed Rusul Qasim , Ahmed Abeer Anwer
Published: May 2024

Background:

Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder that could cause many complications one of them is hemarthrosis. Neutrophils are the predominant immune cells that infiltrate joints after hemorrhage. Tissue injury is often accompanied by the productions of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are DNA constructs containing attached granular enzymes.

Aims of Study:

Measuring the circulating NETs, neutrophil elastase (NE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the plasma of hemophilia A patients with hemarthrosis, for an understanding of hemarthrosis’ underlying pathology.

Subjects and Methods:

Fifty persons were recruited in this study, during a period of 8 months from November 2022 to June 2023: 25 patients were diagnosed as hemophilia A with hemarthrosis and another 25 individuals served as a control group who were unrelated, apparently healthy, and were age and sex matched. Plasma NE and MPO were measured by ELIZA technique.

Results:

The plasma MPO and NE levels were significantly higher in hemophilia A patients than controls: 12.714 ± 19.439 and 1535.34 ± 2059.87 ng/mL, respectively, at (P < 0.05) compared to control group 3.672 ± 3.623 and 235.26 ± 274.61 ng/mL.

Conclusions and Recommendations:

Patients with hemarthrosis had a considerably higher level of NETs in their plasma than healthy individuals. These findings may indicate the function of NETs in the pathology of hemophilia A with hemarthrosis, and the identification of high NETs might serve as a biomarker, as well as a possible prognostic and therapeutic target for such individuals.
Morphometric Analysis of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Sengodan Vetrivel Chezian , Jyothilakshmi G. L. , Sivagnanam Marimuthu , Sundar P. A. Shree Shyam
Published: May 2024

Background:

The most often damaged ligament in the knee joint is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Reconstruction surgery is the ideal option which requires morphometric understanding of ACL. The aim of the present study is to determine the length and width of ACL in the knee joint in the South Indian population.

Methodology:

The study was conducted from August 2020 to July 2021 during a 1-year period. We selected participants with no evident macroscopic abnormalities of the knee joints, between the ages of 27 years and 55 years of both genders. For the study, 50 knee joints from 29 cadavers that fulfilled the above requirements were dissected and the ACL was measured for its length and width in the center point in between bony attachments with digital vernier caliper.

Results:

The mean length of the ACL was found to be 29.73 mm with standard deviation of 2.32, and the mean width of the ACL was found to be 11.15 mm with standard deviation of 1.07.

Conclusion:

The present study will add to the existing knowledge on the morphometry of the ACL. This study would be helpful in selecting grafts for surgical reconstruction of the ACL.
Morphometry of the Tibial Footprint of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament in Punjabi Population
Authors: Sehmi Seema , Gagandeep Kaur , Maninder Singh
Published: May 2024

Background:

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is responsible for knee joint stability during all possible movements. The purpose of our present study was to estimate normal values of the position and dimensions of the tibial attachment of ACL for its successful reconstruction.

Methodology:

A sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sample of the knee joint of 120 patients (58 men and 62 women) of 18–50 years of age was reviewed.

Results:

Anterior end of the tibial footprint was located at a mean of 14.92 mm ± 3.42 mm from the anterior end of the tibial plateau. The posterior end of the tibial footprint was located with a mean of 28.76 mm (±7.02) from the anterior end of the tibial plateau. The mean tibial footprint sagittal length was 14.56 mm ± 0.66 mm. The mean anterior cruciate sagittal center was located at 42.62% ±2.99% of the anteroposterior length of the tibial plateau. The present study will provide the baseline morphometric data for the position and size of the tibial footprint of the ACL on MRI in Punjab. Mean roof angle in the present study was 35.16° (±3.49°). Mean ACL-inclination angle was 50.13°(±4.56°). Mean ACL-Bluemensaat angle in the present study was 4.23°(±2.87°).

Conclusion:

Present study can help surgeons to ascertain the positioning of the tibial tunnel in routine ACL reconstruction as well as revised ACL reconstruction surgeries.
An Ultrasonographic Assessment to Document the Prevalence of Various Congenital Uterine Anomalies and their Probable Clinical Outcome in the Eastern Uttar Pradesh Region
Authors: Gaharwar Anamika , Pandey Priyanka , Pasricha Navbir , Sthapak Eti , Narayan Shamrendra
Published: May 2024

Background:

Uterine anomalies arise from abnormal fusion of paramesonephric ducts or failure of apoptosis of septum between two ducts leading to abnormal division of the uterine cavity. Initial dearth of universal standard diagnosis was the reason for the improper reporting of the data associated with prevalence of uterine developmental anomalies. But now various authors have reported the prevalence of uterine anomalies using standard diagnostic techniques. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of various uterine congenital anomalies among women of reproductive age (15–45 years) with no previous uterine pathology.

Methodology:

An ultrasound was utilized to take a transabdominal sonographs of both longitudinal and transverse planes from the supine position of participants who were made to consume 500–1000 mL of water to promote diuresis for the duration of the scan. Scans were then interpreted.

Results:

From a study of 200 participants whose mean age group fell around 30 ± 8 years, 140 of the women were parous and 60 were nulliparous. Twelve of the participants displayed anomalies that included bicornuate, arcuate, and septate. Five cases of the bicornuate uterus (2.5%), four arcuate uterus (2.0%), and three septate uterus (1.5%) were noted.

Conclusion:

From a sample size of 200, the occurrence of uterine anomalies is 6%, with no cases of uterine agenesis or a hypoplastic uterus.
Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Authors: Kambale Tushar , Patel Payal , Ingale Yaminy Pradeep , Gore Charusheela
Published: May 2024

Androgen receptor gene mutations on Xq12, which also have a 46XY karyotype abnormality, are the root cause of the X-linked uncommon recessive disorder of sex development known as androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). Complete AIS existed as a female, with normal breast, no uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tube with a blind-ending vagina but the presence of bilateral undescended testis either in the inguinal canal, abdomen, or labioscrotal junction and elevated testosterone levels. This was a rare case of a 22-year-old female patient who presented with primary amenorrhea. Ultrasonography showed gonads in the mid parts of inguinal canals on both sides, reaching up to the superficial ring. On investigation, increased in level of serum testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone along with the luteinizing hormone was seen. AIS is actually very disturbing to individuals and families, so close collaboration between radiologist, pathologist, treating consultants, and psychiatrists are required for the proper management.
Histogenesis of Human Fetal Liver with Special Histochemical and Selective Immunohistochemical Stains
Authors: Anbarasan A. , Mitra Suvradeep , Kar Arundhati , Gaikwad Manisha Rajanand , Singh Sweta , Tripathy Prabhas Ranjan
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

The fetal liver cells can differentiate into both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes based on the induction due to clonogenic properties with high growth potential. Understanding liver histogenesis might be helpful in liver and hepatocyte transplantation. Special histochemical and immunohistochemical stains provide better insight into the hepatic cellular architecture, although the literature regarding the same is relatively sparse.

Methodology:

This study's objective was to document the microscopic structure of the organization of hepatocytes, the appearance of central veins and sinusoids, the formation of the portal triad, and hematopoietic blasts of the liver at various weeks of gestation by using special histochemical and immunohistochemical stains and also to compare our observations with other regions of India and Western countries.

Results:

It was observed that the central vein and the arrangement of hepatocytes appeared at 14 weeks of gestation. The sinusoids and portal triads were formed at 15 weeks of gestation. The hemopoiesis level in the liver gradually increased from the 14th to 26th week of gestation, after which it decreased.

Conclusion:

A better understanding of human fetal liver histogenesis will help future research activities in liver transplantation and hepatocyte transplantation from the aborted/stillborn fetal liver from various weeks of gestation.
The Distribution of Parafollicular Cells (C Cells) in Adult Cadaveric Thyroid Gland
Authors: Hussain Kafeel , Sathialakshmi V. , Fathima Shaweez
Published: May 2024

Background:

The population of parafollicular cells or C cells in the normal thyroid has subjective variation. These variations in cadaveric thyroid gland are primarily attributed to ethnicity, gender, underlying pathologies, and sampling technique or approach. The lack of homogenous C cell dispersal poses a challenge in the diagnosis and interpretation of C cell hyperplasia. The aim of the study is to analyze the C cell distribution in various parts of the cadaveric thyroid.

Methodology:

This study was performed with 56 thyroid glands acquired from adult human cadavers (37 males and 19 females). Calcitonin polyclonal antibody was employed to identify the C cells. C cells in tissue sections from the isthmus, upper, middle, and lower regions of the thyroid gland were examined.

Results:

The number of C cells in the section from the thyroid ranged between 0 and 5/low-power field (LPF) in the upper region, 0 and 12/LPF in the middle region, and 0 and 3/LPF in the lower region. The mean number of C cells displayed in the section from the upper third region of the thyroid was 9 ± 1.92 C cells (range 6–12 C cells). The mean number of C cells quantified in the section from the middle third region was 25 ± 3.34 cells (range 19–30 C cells). The mean number of C cells in the section from the lower third was 3 ± 1.88 C cells (range 0–6 C cells). Sexual dimorphism in the mean total number of C cells in the section from the midzone of the gland was statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The midzone of thyroid gland has more population of C cells than other region. A significantly higher number of C cells were observed in males. This nonuniform distribution of C cells could result in conflicting reports, especially during the assessment of C cell hyperplasia.
Aniline Blue Staining Method for Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index
Authors: Patil Priya Santosh , Mudiraj Nitin R. , Mane Vaibhav P.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Infertility rate all over the globe is on the rise and semen analysis forms the only basic investigation for male infertility. The success of infertility treatment depends on many semen parameters. In this study, we focus on sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) by the aniline blue staining method. The DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was correlated with other semen parameters. The semen parameters in low DFI and high DFI (HDFI) groups were compared to highlight the importance of DFI in infertility management.

Methodology:

The sample size was 60. The semen parameters were studied. The sperm chromatin integrity and DFI were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed by calculating mean, standard deviation, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and unpaired t-test.

Results:

DFI showed a significant negative correlation with sperm count, progressive motility of sperms, sperm vitality, and a positive correlation with sperm deformity index (SDI). The cases were grouped according to DFI and showed statistically significant differences in the two groups with respect to sperm count, motility, sperm vitality, and SDI indicating poor sperm quality. HDFI group underwent prolonged infertility treatment.

Conclusion:

Acidic aniline blue staining method is a feasible screening test for sperm DFI which correlates well with semen analysis parameters such as low sperm counts, low progressive motility, low sperm vitality, and high SDI. A high SDF has a negative impact on infertility management.
Nonmetrical Variants of the Sigmoid Sulcus
Authors: Diwan Rakesh Kumar , Verma Rakesh Kumar , Pankaj Arvind Kumar , Rani Anita , Kumar Navneet
Published: May 2024

Background:

Sigmoid sinus is an area of interest for anatomists, neurosurgeons, and radiologists. Different procedures such as mastoidectomy, thrombectomy in the sigmoid, and transverse sinus thrombosis have realized the need of proper morphological knowledge of the sigmoid sinus and its variations and their important relations. Therefore, the present study was conducted to report the prevalence of various nonmetrical attributes of the sigmoid sulcus in dry human skulls in India.

Methodology:

This study was conducted on 224 human skulls in which sex and origin were not known and these were taken from the departmental osteology laboratory. Interior of the skull base at the area of the sigmoid sulcus was carefully observed for the presence of any osseous projection on its anterior or posterior lips such as crest, plate, or bars. Shape, position, and side of projection were noted and frequency was calculated in percentage.

Results:

Out of 224 skulls, 80% of the sigmoid sulci showed one or other form of bony features. A total prevalence of 43.08% was observed for crests, whereas plates showed lesser frequency (28.57%) on the anterior lip of the sigmoid sulcus. Bony bars were the least common (9.14%) features, but were characteristically located at the angle region of the sigmoid sulcus. In 16.74% of skulls, sigmoid sulcus was shallow.

Conclusion:

Occurrence of bony attributes in the form of plates, crests, and bridges along the course of the sigmoid sulcus is quite high and shows frequent variability in location and laterality, which may adversely affect the morphology of the sigmoid sinus.
Adoption of Online Classes for Anatomy Learning During Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic – Participation, Perception, and Preference of Basic Medical Students of a Nigerian University
Authors: Omotoso Dayo Rotimi
Published: May 2024

Background:

To sustain learning during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, there was the adoption of online teaching and learning for all academic programs, including anatomy in a Nigerian University. This study assessed the participation, perception, and experience of undergraduate students regarding the online classes adopted for uninterrupted anatomy learning during the pandemic.

Methodology:

The online class participation of 85 students of the nursing science, physiotherapy, and human anatomy programs was evaluated in four anatomy modules – systemic histology, systemic embryology, gross anatomy, and neuroanatomy. A survey was conducted to evaluate their perception and experience during the online classes. The data obtained were statistically analyzed.

Results:

The students had ≥ 96.5% active participation in each module. In comparison to physical classes, the distribution of perception of the students about online classes included less effective (50.6%), less interactive (48.2%), and more challenging time management (56.5%), requiring more self-discipline (65.9%), increased lecture hour per week (76.4%), and improved performance in class continuous assessments (58.8%), and a significant (P ≤ 0.05) majority reported the similar level of knowledge gained during the online classes. However, a significant (P ≤ 0.05) majority indicated a preference for the traditional physical classes.

Conclusion:

Online learning can be adopted to achieve comparatively similar learning outcome in anatomy courses when physical learning is not possible. Hence, a hybrid mode of learning for anatomy education should be developed in medical colleges to sustain learning during a global emergency that prevents physical learning.
Morphometric Study of the Distal end of Dry Adult Humerus of the South Indian Population with Its Clinical Applications
Authors: Vinay G. , Benjamin W. , Das Aditya K , Raviprasanna K. H , Kumar D Sunil
Published: May 2024

Background:

The arm bone is the largest and strongest bone of the superior extremity. Movement of the arm bone helps in essential activities like writing. lifting objects and throwing. Use of implants in communited cracks in the lower end of the humerus of an aged person may be needed to retain the mobility at the elbow joint. The present study was aimed at providing morphometry of the distal end of the arm bone for comparison with different populations.

Methodology:

Eight morphometric parameters were evaluated from 200 dry adult humeral bones using the osteometric board and digital vernier calipers.

Results:

The average value of the maximal length of the arm bone in the present study was 306.3 ± 21.19 mm in the right humerus and 301.1 ± 22.4 mm in the left humerus. The transverse distance between the medial and lateral epicondyles was 57.4 ± 4.8 mm and 56.0 ± 4.7 mm in right and left humerus, respectively. The average distance between the capitulum and medial end of trochlea horizontally was 39.6 ± 3.4 and 39.5 ± 4.3 mm in right and left humerus, respectively. The average maximum transverse diameter of the trochlea was 24.4 ± 2.6 and 23.5 ± 2.6 mm in right and left humerus, respectively. The average anteroposterior diameter of the trochlea was 17.0 ± 3.9 and 16.3 ± 3.7 mm in right and left humerus, respectively.

Conclusion:

Eight morphometric parameters of 200 humeri presented. This information can be useful for surgeons in preparing implants and reconstruction of fractures of the distal end of the arm bone.
Insertional Footprint of Achilles Tendon on Calcaneal Tuberosity in South Indian Population: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Sengodan Vetrivel Chezian , Sengodan Mugundhan Moongilpatti , Sushama Anjana Muralidharan
Published: May 2024

Background:

Pathologies related to the Achilles tendon (AT) and its insertion are a very prevalent problem. A thorough understanding of its anatomy would assist us to develop and fine-tune treatment options for the same. Hence, a study was done to identify the anatomical footprint of the insertion of AT on the calcaneal tuberosity (CT).

Methodology:

A cadaveric study was conducted, in which 27 human lower limbs (18 cadavers) were dissected to determine the insertion site of all three fascicles of the AT on the CT. The width of the insertion and thickness of the AT 1 cm proximal to the insertion were also calculated.

Results:

Rotation of AT, presence of three individual fascicles for each muscle belly, and insertion of these fascicles were consistent throughout the 27 lower extremities dissected. The average width of its insertion is 26.62 mm, with a standard deviation (SD) of 1.98 mm. The average thickness of the AT 1 cm proximal to the insertion was found to be 8.06 mm with a SD of 2.18 mm.

Conclusion:

These findings are of worth to the ankle and foot surgeons for a better understanding of the insertional tendinopathies and partial thickness tears of AT to design better surgical options for its repair and modulate the conservative management in terms of physiotherapy to the South Indian population.
Detection Method for Energy Efficiency Data in Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers Using Multi-Pipeline Segmentation Algorithm
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Zhang Lili , Zhao Zizhen , Du Yepeng , Wang Zixu
Published: May 2024

Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are pivotal in thermal engineering, making the accuracy and quality of the heat transfer data obtained from them essential. Current data monitoring technologies face several challenges, such as increased complexity, noise, and inefficiency in handling the dynamic heat transfer process. This paper introduces a novel approach to enhancing the accuracy and precision of energy transfer data segmentation in shell-and-tube heat exchangers using a multi-pipeline segmentation algorithm. Our methodology integrates data collection with the algorithm's hands-on development, employing advanced techniques to segment and categorize energy transfer data based on real-time system parameters. This creates a robust definition of normal and anomalous operating conditions. Our approach was validated through extensive experiments and simulations, demonstrating superior data accuracy and noise detection compared to traditional methods. Moreover, this innovative segmentation algorithm has potential applications in maintenance forecasting and optimization strategies, ultimately improving energy efficiency. In the future, our algorithm could be extended to other types of heat exchangers or industrial systems, further enhancing their energy efficiency and operational lifespan.
Levinson’s theorem for two-dimensional scattering systems: It was a surprise, it is now topological!
Authors: Alexander Angus , Nguyen Thanh Duc , Rennie Adam , Richard Serge
Published: May 2024

We prove a general Levinson’s theorem for Schrödinger operators in two dimensions with threshold obstructions at zero energy. Our results confirm and simplify earlier seminal results of Bollé, Gesztesy et al., while providing an explicit topological interpretation. We also derive explicit formulas for the wave operators, and so show that they are elements of a

C^{*}

-algebra introduced by Cordes. As a consequence of our approach, we provide an evaluation of the spectral shift function at zero in the presence of

p

-resonances.
Semiclassical estimates for measure potentials on the real line
Authors: Larraín-Hubach Andrés , Shapiro Jacob
Published: May 2024

We prove an explicit weighted estimate for the semiclassical Schrödinger operator

P = - h^{2} \partial^{2}_{x} + V(x;h)

on

L^{2}(\R)

, with

V(x;h)

a finite signed measure, and where

h >0

is the semiclassical parameter. The proof is a one-dimensional instance of the spherical energy method, which has been used to prove Carleman estimates in higher dimensions and in more complicated geometries. The novelty of our result is that the potential need not be absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure. Two consequences of the weighted estimate are the absence of positive eigenvalues for

P

, and a limiting absorption resolvent estimate with sharp

h

-dependence. The resolvent estimate implies exponential time-decay of the local energy for solutions to the corresponding wave equation with a compactly supported measure potential, provided there are no negative eigenvalues and no zero resonance, and provided the initial data have compact support.
Manifolds whose Weyl spectral asymptotics have small but not tiny remainders
Authors: Taylor Michael
Published: May 2024

A compact,

n

-dimensional Riemannian manifold

M

has Weyl spectral asymptotics with remainder

E_{M}(R)

; i.e., the spectral counting function satisfies

\mathcal{N}(\Delta_{M},R)=C(M)R^{n}+ E_{M}(R)

, with

E_{M}(R)=o(R^{n})

. Generally, one actually has

E_{M}(R)=O(R^{n-1})

, and one seeks geometrical conditions under which stronger estimates hold on the remainder and also conditions limiting how extra small the remainder can be. Here, we produce

n

-dimensional manifolds whose Weyl remainders are

o(R^{n-1})

but not

O(R^{n-1-\alpha})

for any

\alpha>0

.
Мультибризерные решения вещественного и комплексного нелокальных дефокусирующих уравнений коротких импульсов с обращением пространственной и временно́й переменных
Authors: Mao Hui
Published: May 2024

С помощью преобразования Дарбу и нелокальных редукций построены мультибризерные решения детерминантного вида для вещественного и комплексного нелокальных дефокусирующих уравнений коротких импульсов с обращением пространственной и временно́й переменных. Показано, что мультибризерные решения этих двух уравнений можно получить только путем редукции четных многосолитонных решений двухкомпонентного уравнения коротких импульсов. В качестве примеров приведены графики одно- и двухбризерных решений и их динамики.
Иерархия нелокального нелинейного уравнения Шредингера с самосогласованными источниками и его динамика
Authors: Li Qi , Duan Qiu-Yuan
Published: May 2024

Введена иерархия нелокального нелинейного уравнения Шредингера с самосогласованными источниками. Это физически важное нелинейное уравнение связано со спектральной задачей иерархии Абловица-Каупа-Ньюэла-Сигура. В нелокальном случае квадрат волновой функции оператора $L$ приводит к некоторым изменениям в члене, соответствующем источнику, что оказывает влияние на эволюцию солитона. С помощью обратного преобразования рассеяния получены солитонные решения нелокального нелинейного уравнения Шредингера с самосогласованными источниками. Показана динамика солитонов, которая отличается от динамики в случае нелокального уравнения без источника.
Разложение гипергеометрических функций в терминах обобщенных полилогарифмов с нетривиальной заменой переменной
Authors: Bezuglov Maksim Aleksandrovich , Onischenko Andrei Ivanovich
Published: May 2024

Гипергеометрические функции одной и многих переменных играют важную роль в различных областях современных физики и математики. Одной из наиболее часто встречающихся задач является задача разложения гипергеометрических функций, индексы которых линейно зависят от некоторого малого параметра, в ряд Лорана по данному параметру. При этом желательно, чтобы получающийся ряд выражался в терминах хорошо изученных функций, вычисление которых можно проводить с любой наперед заданной точностью. Для решения данной задачи удобно использовать метод дифференциальных уравнений и редукцию соответствующей дифференциальной системы к каноническому базису. Нами рассмотрены случаи разложения обобщенных гипергеометрических функций одной переменной, функций Аппеля и Лауричеллы в терминах обобщенных полилогарифмов Гончарова. Особое внимание уделено случаю рациональных индексов рассматриваемых гипергеометрических функций и использованию нетривиальных замен переменных при редукции дифференциальных систем к каноническому базису. Предлагаемые алгоритмические процедуры разложений реализованы в качестве пакета Diogenes в системе символьных вычислений Mathematica.
Determining the extent to which cultural factors influence access to primary education among nomadic pastoralists in Loima Sub-County Turkana County.
Authors: Kulal Ezekiel, Ichor , Kenei Reuben , Githui Imamo
Published: May 2024

The current study aimed at determining the extent to which cultural factors influence access to primary education among nomadic pastoralists in Loima Sub-County, Turkana County. Access to primary education among nomadic pastoralist communities in Loima Sub-County, Turkana County, presents a multifaceted challenge influenced by various cultural factors. Numerous studies emphasize the centrality of cultural norms and practices in shaping educational opportunities for nomadic pastoralist children. The study was guided by Russell’s theory on education, propounded by the British philosopher, logician, mathematician and historian and adopted the descriptive and correlation research designs which are considered appropriate for gathering information regarding respondents’ behaviour, feelings and perceptions about educational issues. According to Man’s (2015), target population is the totality of persons, events, units, organization or other sampled units which concerns the key research issue. The target population was 471 which included 160 parents, 9 sub-county education officers, 147 teachers and 155 pupils. Edie Seva See and Mary Musni formula was used to calculate the sample size of all teachers, parents, pupils and sub-county education officers which was 123. The study used a structured questionnaire containing both open ended and close ended questions to collect data from teachers, parents, pupils and sub-county education officers. From the findings, early marriages, insecurity and gender inequalities were the significant cultural factors, that had significant influence on access to primary education to a large extent. The study concluded that, cultural factors such as early marriages and gender inequalities influence access to primary education among nomadic pastoralists and recommends that the government of Kenya, non-governmental actor’s and other organizations create awareness among the nomadic pastoralist communities not adopting regressive cultural practices that hinder development.
The State, the Church and SME Development in the South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Marcel Jachin Anyiam
Published: May 2024

Interest in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) development as well as its corresponding impact on economic development continues  to be in forefront of policy debate in Nigeria, particularly South-East. As a result, various South East governments embarked on several  policies and programmes ostensibly aimed at accelerating economic growth of the SouthEast through harnessing of the gains of Small  and Medium Enterprises as was done by the newly industrialized countries. This paper examines the role of the state and the church in  the development of SMEs in the South-East. Data for this study was generated through secondary sources. This paper adopted Keynesian  theory as a framework of analysis. The findings of the study indicate that SMEs contribute significantly to the growth of any economy if given the required institutional backing for boosting SMEs. The study further revealed that there is a strong relationship  between South-East development and development of SMEs. The study concludes that if adequate measures are not put in place by the  South East governments for comprehensive development of the SMEs, development will continue to elude the region. On the basis of  this, the study recommends that government should formulate/implement protective policies, spend more in financing SMEs, create  conducive environment and provide constant electricity so that SMEs operators will be able to compete favourably with their foreign  counter-parts, thereby making South-East the economic hub of Nigeria.
Examining The Role of Technological Advancements and Innovations in Enhancing the Sustainability Practices and Competitiveness of Certified B-Corps in India
Authors: Godha Anurodh , Garg Priyanka
Published: May 2024

The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of technological advancements on the competitive advantage and sustainability strategies of Certified B-Corporations operating in India. Through the use of both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, information was gathered from a diverse sample of Certified B-Corps spanning multiple industries using a mixed-methods strategy. The objective of this study is to assess the influence of technological advancements on sustainability practices, with a particular focus on the reduction of resource consumption and the mitigation of emissions. Furthermore, the research aims to examine the potential relationship between advancements in technology and the level of competitiveness. The results indicate a noteworthy and positive correlation between the implementation of sustainable practices and the adoption of technological advancements within Certified B-Corporations in India. This correlation is most pronounced in the domains of recycling and the utilization of renewable energy. Furthermore, it was discovered that technological progress has a beneficial effect on competitiveness, as evidenced by the analysis of market positioning and brand value. The research highlights the significant impact that technology has on promoting sustainable practices and sustaining market competitiveness. The significance of incorporating technological advancements into sustainability endeavors to bolster the competitive advantage and environmental and social responsibility of Certified B-Corps is underscored by these findings. Additional investigation may explore the efficacy of particular technological interventions in fostering sustainable business practices, thereby contributing to the collective comprehension of sustainability within the Indian business environment.