bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pregnant Women's Experiences of Seeking Treatment for Opioid Use
Authors: Dion Kimberly , Cardaropoli Sandra , Deshpande Ria , Kovarik Jennifer
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to describe women's experiences seeking treatment for opioid use disorder during pregnancy.

Study Design and Methods:

This was an exploratory multi-method study to understand women's experiences seeking treatment for opioid use disorder during pregnancy using surveys and interviews. Women pregnant within the past 5 years while using opioids were recruited from a private Facebook group for mothers on medication for opioid use disorder. Members of this group assisted with the development of the survey. Descriptive statistics were used for the 18-question survey and interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for themes.

Results:

Twenty-one women completed an online survey, and six participated in an in-depth virtual interview about their experience. Five themes describing their experiences were identified: (1) fear of child protective services, (2) family and partner support, (3) health care providers' reactions, (4) accessing treatment centers, and (5) awareness of support services during pregnancy.

Clinical Implications:

Participants reported an overall negative experience seeking treatment for opioid use disorder during pregnancy. Nurses can improve the outcomes for pregnant women with opioid use disorder by using a non-stigmatizing approach, promoting early identification, and providing information, including harm reduction education. Facilitation of resources for treatment, mother and child programs, and advocating for partner treatment can improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Mono- to tetra-alkyl ether cardiolipins in a mesophilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium identified by UHPLC-HRMSn: A novel class of membrane lipids
Authors: Hopmans Ellen C. , Grossi Vincent , Canavesi Diana X. Sahonero , Bale Nicole J. , Cravo-Laureau Cristiana , Damsté Jaap S. Sinninghe
Published: March 2024

The composition of membrane lipids varies in a number of ways as adjustment to growth conditions. Variations in head group composition and carbon skeleton and degree of unsaturation of glycerol-bound acyl or alkyl groups results in a high structural complexity of the lipidome of bacterial cells. We studied the lipidome of the mesophilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium,Desulfatibacillum alkenivoransstrain PF2803Tby ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMSn). This anaerobic and hydrocarbon-utilizing bacterium has been previously shown to produce high amounts of mono- and di-alkyl glycerol ethers as core membrane. Our analyses revealed that these core lipids occur with phosphatidylethanomamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) head groups, representing each approximately one third of the phospholipids. The third class was a novel group of phospholipids, i.e. cardiolipins (CDLs) containing one (monoether/triester) to four (tetraether) ether-linked saturated straight-chain or methyl- branched alkyl chains. Tetraether CDLs have been shown to occur in archaea (with isoprenoid alkyl chains) but have not been previously reported in the bacterial Domain. Structurally related CDLs with one or two alkyl/acyl chains missing, so-called monolyso- and dilyso-CDLs, were also observed. The potential biosynthetic pathway of these novel CDLs was investigated by examining the genome ofD. alkenivorans. Three CDL synthases were identified; one catalyzes the condensation of two PGs, the other two are probably involved in the condensation of a PE with a PG. A heterologous gene expression experiment showed thein vivoproduction of dialkylglycerols upon anaerobic expression of the glycerol ester reductase enzyme ofD. alkenivoransinE. coli. Reduction of the ester bonds probably occurs first at thesn-1 and subsequently at thesn-2 position after the formation of PEs and PGs, since PGs possess a much higher percentage of ether bonds than PEs.
2-Ferrocenyl-2-[(2-ferrocenylethenyl)(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]-1,3-dithiolane
Authors: Oliva-Colunga Claudia , Sánchez García Jessica J. , Flores-Alamo Marcos , Klimova Elena I.
Published: March 2024

The molecular structure of 2-ferrocenyl-2-[(2-ferrocenylethenyl)(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]-1,3-dithiolane, [Fe2(C5H5)2(C19H21NOS2)] or C29H31Fe2NOS2, has the ferrocenyl fragments in a trans disposition with respect to the vinyl group. One of the methylene groups is disordered over two sites with occupancies of 0.782 (13):0.218 (13). In the crystal, cyclopentadienyl-C—H...O(morpholinyl) interactions feature within helical chains parallel to the c-axis direction. The chains are connected by methylene- and cyclopentadienyl-C—H...O(cyclopentadienyl) interactions.
The mediating role of perceived competitive advantage on the relationships between green supply chain management practices and operational performance: evidence from Bangladeshi manufacturing firms
Authors: Ahmed Mustafi Mohitul Ameen , Dong Ya-Juan , Hosain Md Sajjad
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Effective green supply chain management (GSCM) has become a potentially valuable tool of securing competitive advantage and improving operational performance (OP) as competition is no longer exists between the firms but within green supply chains. The aim of this empirical study is to determine the link between GSCM practices (GSCMPs) and OP within the manufacturing sector of Bangladesh mediated by perceived competitive advantage (PCA). GSCMPs were divided into three further dimensions: green eco-design (GED), green supply chain partnering (GSCP) and internal green orientation (IGO).

Design/methodology/approach

The study selected 376 individuals as respondents who work as the top-level managers and the members of the Board of Directors at different Bangladeshi manufacturing firms through purposive sampling. A partial least square-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to identify the relationships between the three dimensions of, GSCMPs, and the single dependent variable, OP.

Findings

The study identified that two factors, GED and GSCP, have significant positive relationships with OP. On the other hand, another factor, IGO has a statistically insignificant relationship with OP. Regarding the mediating effects, the study identified that PCA can fully mediate the insignificant relationship between IGO and OP, and partially mediate the significant relationship between GSCP and OP. On the contrary, PCA has no mediating effect on the relationship between GED and OP.

Originality/value

This empirical study is an effort that examined the role of GSCMPs on the OP in the Bangladeshi manufacturing context. It is believed that this empirical investigation will prompt future theoretical studies and empirical experiments to enrich academia. Further, the findings of this study can serve as foundational guidance for policymakers and/or managers studying the formulation and implementation of GSCMP-related policies and strategies.
Exploring ageing consumers’ usage of content marketing, content typology and online brand advocacy
Authors: Bubphapant Jitpisut , Brandão Amélia
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Given the importance of the growing segmentation of ageing consumers and their increasing interaction with the Internet, digital marketing scholars are becoming more interested in this market. Prior research needs to pay more attention to this market in many contexts of digital marketing. This study aims to provide insights into ageing consumers’ content usage, content typology choices, and online brand advocacy (OBA).

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews were applied, and 16 consumers from Southern Europe aged 55+ were included. The interviews were transcribed and examined following the principles of content analysis.

Findings

According to the research, older consumers display their usage and concerns regarding online content. They have different decision-making processes depending on whether they are purchasing products or services. Likewise, their choices of content typology vary based on the utilitarian or hedonic product category.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature by providing insights into this growing segmentation and proposing an OBA framework for older consumers related to content marketing. Finally, the study suggests that older consumers are passive online and active offline brand advocates.
How does school management team empowerment relate to teachers' organizational citizenship behavior? A moderated mediation model
Authors: Birani-Nasraldin Dalia , Somech Anit , Bogler Ronit
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Previous studies have examined the empowerment of individual teachers, while neglecting the fact that such a phenomenon might grow within a team. Building on the crossover model and social exchange theory, the aim of this study is to explore whether team empowerment among school management teams (SMTs), is transmitted to the school level and affects schoolteachers' job satisfaction and thereby schoolteachers' organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Furthermore, we explored whether those relationships are moderated by team-member exchange (TMX) relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 86 principals, 357 SMT members and 683 schoolteachers from 86 schools.

Findings

Results confirmed the mediating role of schoolteachers' job satisfaction, showing a positive relationship between SMT empowerment and schoolteachers' job satisfaction, and between job satisfaction and OCB. The moderation of TMX and the overall moderated mediation hypotheses were not supported.

Research limitations/implications

The nature of data collected in the current study precludes any inference concerning the direction of casual links among the study constructs. Therefore, longitudinal studies could be designed, aimed at confirming the direction of links among the variables.

Practical implications

The findings reinforce the impact of schoolteachers' job satisfaction on achieving OCBs. Hence, SMT members carry the responsibility to cultivate satisfied schoolteachers through schools' support mechanisms and guidance in order to achieve schoolteachers' OCB.

Originality/value

The study identifies SMT empowerment as a key factor that may indirectly encourage schoolteachers to invest in OCBs through positive attitudes of schoolteachers' job satisfaction.
Design of a CBDC in a Highly Dollarized Emerging Market Economy: The Case of Cambodia
Authors: Ueda Kenichi , Hay Chanthol
Published: March 2024

Cambodia is one of the first two countries that adopted a retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) in October 2020. The design of the CBDC, called the Bakong, is a bit unique. We find a few design flaws that could potentially damage the central bank and then the Cambodian economy as a whole. We show some key statistics from our own survey in 2022 to support our arguments. The Bakong is offered in two currencies, the Khmer Riel (KHR) and the US dollar (USD), as Cambodia has been highly dollarized. We discuss theoretical predictions for the CBDC based on three kinds of substitutes: paper money, bank deposits, and foreign currencies. The third one is specific to the Bakong. Unlike a typical local currency CBDC, the USD Bakong may substitute for the KHR more. Moreover, it has been announced that the retail Bakong is legally not a liability of the central bank, but from the viewpoint of the underlying technology and economics, it is a central bank liability.
Response of Odonata assemblages to disturbance in urban freshwater habitats
Authors: Badu Isaac Kwame , Combey Rofela , Abraham John
Published: March 2024

Urbanisation continues to increase at an alarming rate and its effects on the natural environment are very profound now more than ever. Moreover, studies on terrestrial urban landscapes seems to be more than that on urban freshwater habitats. Furthermore, studies have shown that the Odonata are effective indicators of the effects of urbanisation on freshwater habitats. However, not much is known about their responses to urbanisation in sub‐Saharan Africa, especially given the unique set of conditions that characterise the area. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate differences in Odonata responses, measured as the proportion of habitat generalists, to three levels of habitat disturbance in the Cape Coast Metropolis of Ghana. Results showed that Phaon camerunensis was a potential indicator of habitat disturbance. Also, differences in habitat disturbance significantly affected Odonata composition. The most important variables that influenced Odonata responses were the individual and interaction effects of altitude and preservation of riparian vegetation. Therefore, conservation strategies that are targeted at reducing the impacts of urbanisation on Odonata must focus on these variables.
Association between inflammation and post‐intensive care syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Docherty C. , Page C. , Wilson J. , Ross P. , Garrity K. , Quasim T. , Shaw M. , McPeake J.
Published: March 2024

Post‐intensive care syndrome describes the physical, cognitive and emotional symptoms which persist following critical illness. At present there is limited understanding of the pathological mechanisms contributing to the development of post‐intensive care syndrome. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise current evidence exploring the association between inflammation and features of post‐intensive care syndrome in survivors of critical illness. Relevant databases were systematically searched for studies of human participants exposed to critical illness. We sought studies that reported results for biomarkers with an identified role in the pathophysiology of inflammation obtained at any time‐point in the patient journey and an outcome measure of any feature of post‐intensive care syndrome at any point following hospital discharge. We included 32 studies, with 23 in the primary analysis and nine in a brain injury subgroup analysis. In the primary analysis, 47 different biomarkers were sampled and 44 different outcome measures were employed. Of the biomarkers which were sampled in five or more studies, interleukin‐8, C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐10 most frequently showed associations with post‐intensive care syndrome outcomes in 71%, 62% and 60% of studies, respectively. There was variability in terms of which biomarkers were sampled, time‐points of sampling and outcome measures reported. Overall, there was mixed evidence of a potential association between an inflammatory process and long‐term patient outcomes following critical illness. Further high‐quality research is required to develop a longitudinal inflammatory profile of survivors of critical illness over the recovery period and evaluate the association with outcomes.
Climate change in pest risk assessment: Interpretation and communication of uncertainties
Authors: Bradshaw Catherine , Eyre Dominic , Korycinska Anastasia , Li Christine , Steynor Anna , Kriticos Darren
Published: March 2024

The prevailing climatic conditions found in a region are the primary determinant of the suitability of that area to support pests and diseases. Pest risk assessment is the primary biosecurity tool used to assess that suitability, but the changing climatic conditions owing to greenhouse gas emissions are rarely considered. Future changes in temperature and rainfall patterns may make the environmental suitability of a region more or less favourable for existing populations and cause populations to move to other regions where those pests and diseases may not be established. Future projections of climate change are uncertain, which makes it challenging to incorporate climate change into pest risk analysis, but aspects of human psychology can help us think about how to communicate the risks within the constraints of those uncertainties more effectively. Here we review the broad trends, magnitude and uncertainties of climate change, and the interpretation of climate change scenarios, and make recommendations for appropriate framing and communication of the future risks posed by climate change within pest risk assessments.
International collaboration to assess and manage the impacts of climate change on plant health in the framework of the International Plant Protection Convention
Authors: Eyre Dominic , André Erika Mangili , Castro Karen , Dale Christopher , Fowler Glenn , Hess Bastian , Lamb Victoria , Ngatoko Ngatoko , Nuamah Hannah Serwaa Akoto
Published: March 2024

As part of the 2020–2030 strategic framework for the International Plant Protection Convention, a focus group on climate change was established in 2021. The focus group includes scientists and plant health officials from around the world. The group has been raising awareness of the importance of climate change to plant health, promoting the consideration of climate change in all IPPC activities and drafting technical resources for NPPOs. The group is due to continue its activities until 2025.
Climate change reduces long‐term population benefits from no‐take marine protected areas through selective pressures on species movement
Authors: Caughman Alicia M. , Gaines Steven D. , Bradley Darcy
Published: March 2024

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are important conservation tools that confer ecosystem benefits by removing fishing within their borders to allow stocks to rebuild. Fishing mortality outside a traditionally fixed MPA can exert selective pressure for low movement alleles, resulting in enhanced protection. While evolving to move less may be useful for conservation presently, it could be detrimental in the face of climate change for species that need to move to track their thermal optimum. Here, we build a spatially explicit simulation model to assess the impact of movement evolution in and around static MPAs resulting from both fishing mortality and temperature‐dependent natural mortality on conservation benefits across five climate scenarios: (i) linear mean temperature shift, (ii) El Niño/La Niña conditions, (iii) heat waves, (iv) heatwaves with a mean temperature shift, and (v) no climate change. While movement evolution allows populations within MPAs to survive longer, we find that over time, climate change degrades the benefits by selecting for higher movement genotypes. Resulting population declines within MPAs are faster than expected based on climate mortality alone, even within the largest MPAs. Our findings suggest that while static MPAs may conserve species for a time, other strategies, such as dynamic MPA networks or assisted migration, may also be required to effectively incorporate climate change into conservation planning.
Climate change disrupts the seasonal coupling of plant and soil microbial nutrient cycling in an alpine ecosystem
Authors: Broadbent Arthur A. D. , Newbold Lindsay K. , Pritchard William J. , Michas Antonios , Goodall Tim , Cordero Irene , Giunta Andrew , Snell Helen S. K. , Pepper Violette V. L. H. , Grant Helen K. , Soto David X. , Kaufmann Ruediger , Schloter Michael , Griffiths Robert I. , Bahn Michael , Bardgett Richard D.
Published: March 2024

The seasonal coupling of plant and soil microbial nutrient demands is crucial for efficient ecosystem nutrient cycling and plant production, especially in strongly seasonal alpine ecosystems. Yet, how these seasonal nutrient cycling processes are modified by climate change and what the consequences are for nutrient loss and retention in alpine ecosystems remain unclear. Here, we explored how two pervasive climate change factors, reduced snow cover and shrub expansion, interactively modify the seasonal coupling of plant and soil microbial nitrogen (N) cycling in alpine grasslands, which are warming at double the rate of the global average. We found that the combination of reduced snow cover and shrub expansion disrupted the seasonal coupling of plant and soil N‐cycling, with pronounced effects in spring (shortly after snow melt) and autumn (at the onset of plant senescence). In combination, both climate change factors decreased plant organic N‐uptake by 70% and 82%, soil microbial biomass N by 19% and 38% and increased soil denitrifier abundances by 253% and 136% in spring and autumn, respectively. Shrub expansion also individually modified the seasonality of soil microbial community composition and stoichiometry towards more N‐limited conditions and slower nutrient cycling in spring and autumn. In winter, snow removal markedly reduced the fungal:bacterial biomass ratio, soil N pools and shifted bacterial community composition. Taken together, our findings suggest that interactions between climate change factors can disrupt the temporal coupling of plant and soil microbial N‐cycling processes in alpine grasslands. This could diminish the capacity of these globally widespread alpine ecosystems to retain N and support plant productivity under future climate change.
How effective is simple mechanical wound debridement in reducing bacterial colonisation? Results of a prospective clinical study
Authors: Moelleken Maurice , Krimphove Sebastian Heinrich , Krefting Frederik , Benson Sven , Rammos Christos , Cyrek Anna Ewa , Dissemond Joachim
Published: March 2024

Background and aims: Bacteria in wounds can lead to stagnation of wound healing as well as to local or even systemic wound infections up to potentially lethal sepsis. Consequently, the bacterial load should be reduced as part of wound treatment. Therefore, the efficacy of simple mechanical wound debridement should be investigated in terms of reducing bacterial colonisation. Patients and methods: Patients with acute or chronic wounds were assessed for bacterial colonisation with a fluorescence camera before and after mechanical wound debridement with sterile cotton pads. If bacterial colonisation persisted, a second, targeted wound debridement was performed. Results: A total of 151 patients, 68 (45.0%) men and 83 (55.0%) women were included in this study. The male mean age was 71.0 years and the female 65.1 years. By establishing a new analysis method for the image files, we could document that the bacterial colonised areas were distributed 21.9% on the wound surfaces, 60.5% on the wound edges (up to 0.5 cm) and 17.6% on the wound surroundings (up to 1.5 cm). One mechanical debridement achieved a significant reduction of bacterial colonised areas by an average of 29.6% in the wounds, 18.9% in the wound edges and 11.8% in the wound surroundings and was increased by performing it a second time. Conclusions: It has been shown that even a simple mechanical debridement with cotton pads can significantly reduce bacterial colonisation without relevant side effects. In particular, the wound edges were the areas that were often most contaminated with bacteria and should be included in the debridement with special attention. Since bacteria remain in wounds after mechanical debridement, it cannot replace antimicrobial therapy strategies, but offer a complementary strategy to improve wound care. Thus, it could be shown that simple mechanical debridement is effective in reducing bacterial load and should be integrated into a therapeutic approach to wounds whenever appropriate.
New northerly limit for the sharptail mola in the northeast Atlantic: first sighting of Masturus lanceolatus in the northeast Irish Sea
Authors: Quigley Declan T. G. , Phillips Natasha D. , Thys Tierney M.
Published: March 2024

The ocean sunfishes are currently represented by five species within three genera: Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758), Mola alexandrini (Ranzani, 1839), Mola tecta (Nyegaard, Sawai, Gemmell, Gillum, Loneragan, Yamanoue & Stewart, 2017) (Sawai et al., 2018), Masturus lanceolatus (Lienard, 1840), and Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776). Growing conservation concerns have led to an ongoing re‐examination of their classification status on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red Lists, a process requiring the latest data to best support their conservation management on a global scale. Here we report the first sighting of Masturus lanceolatus in the northeast Irish Sea, representing a new northerly range limit for this species in the northeast Atlantic. The species is more commonly reported in tropical seas, and in the Western Atlantic they occur from North Carolina in the United States to southeast Brazil. This sighting increases the most northerly range limit by 2610 km, providing additional insight into the ecology and potentially changing distribution of this generally considered tropical megafaunal species.
Assessing the accuracy of race‐and‐ethnicity data in the Outcome and Assessment Information Set
Authors: Martino Steven C. , Elliott Marc N. , Haas Ann , Peltz Alon , Saliba Debra , Hassan Sapha , Rothenberg Eve , Keshawarz Amena , Rushkin Megan , Gildner Jennifer , Orr Nathan , Hager Melissa , Myers Raquel , Kiser Randall , Bernheim Susannah
Published: March 2024

Background

Limitations in the quality of race‐and‐ethnicity information in Medicare's data systems constrain efforts to assess disparities in care among older Americans. Using demographic information from standardized patient assessments may be an efficient way to enhance the accuracy and completeness of race‐and‐ethnicity information in Medicare's data systems, but it is critical to first establish the accuracy of these data as they may be prone to inaccurate observer‐reported or third‐party‐based information. This study evaluates the accuracy of patient‐level race‐and‐ethnicity information included in the Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS) submitted by home health agencies.

Methods

We compared 2017–2022 OASIS‐D race‐and‐ethnicity data to gold‐standard self‐reported information from the Medicare Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems® survey in a matched sample of 304,804 people with Medicare coverage. We also compared OASIS data to indirect estimates of race‐and‐ethnicity generated using the Medicare Bayesian Improved Surname and Geocoding (MBISG) 2.1.1 method and to existing Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) administrative records.

Results

Compared with existing CMS administrative data, OASIS data are far more accurate for Hispanic, Asian American and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and White race‐and‐ethnicity; slightly less accurate for American Indian or Alaska Native race‐and‐ethnicity; and similarly accurate for Black race‐and‐ethnicity. However, MBISG 2.1.1 accuracy exceeds that of both OASIS and CMS administrative data for every racial‐and‐ethnic category. Patterns of inconsistent reporting of racial‐and‐ethnic information among people for whom there were multiple observations in the OASIS and Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) datasets suggest that some of the inaccuracies in OASIS data may result from observation‐based reporting that lessens correspondence with self‐reported data.

Conclusions

When health record data on race‐and‐ethnicity includes observer‐reported information, it can be less accurate than both true self‐report and a high‐performing imputation approach. Efforts are needed to encourage collection of true self‐reported data and explicit record‐level data on the source of race‐and‐ethnicity information.
Augmented mannose‐binding lectin levels in primary membranous nephropathy: A pilot study
Authors: Pal Deeksha , Inamdar Neeraj , Kaur Prabhjot , Singhal Manphool , Lal Anupam , Gorsi Ujjwal , Nada Ritambhra , Kohli Harbir S. , Kumar Vinod , Ramachandran Raja
Published: March 2024

There is evidence to suggest that M‐type phospholipase A2 (PLA2R) antibodies activate the mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) cascade, resulting in glomerular damage and proteinuria in patients with primary membranous nephropathy (PMN). Furthermore, there are few reports indicating that aberrant MBL activation is associated with endothelial dysfunction and accelerated atherosclerosis. While PMN is a common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome, and patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), there is a lack of research that explores the factors that contribute to this condition. This study aims to determine the MBL levels in PMN and their relation to the clinical activity and endothelial dysfunction in PMN. The MBL levels of 22 biopsy‐confirmed PMN patients were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of immunosuppressive therapy. In order to evaluate endothelial dysfunction in PMN patients, flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD) was measured at baseline and after treatment. A total of 22 healthy controls were included in this study to measure MBL levels and FMD. A significant difference was observed between MBL levels in PMN patients and healthy controls (p < .01). MBL levels decreased significantly after immunosuppressive therapy (p = .04). The baseline MBL levels and FMD levels exhibited a strong correlation (Spearman correlation coefficient [ρ] = 0.51: p = .01). In conclusion, the study signals the activation of the MBL cascade and its association with endothelial dysfunction in PMN patients.
Duals of convolution thinned relationships
Authors: Jones M. C.
Published: March 2024

In a recent article, J. Peyhardi gives a number of novel results related to quasi Pólya thinning which encompass a number of important mixture relationships between univariate discrete distributions. In this note, I explore the duals of the general results on convolution thinning given in Peyhardi's Theorem 1 in order to obtain new relationships and to gain new insights into old relationships. Some consequences—for integer‐valued autoregressive processes—and analogues—in the continuous case—are noted.
The propensity for covalent organic frameworks to template polymer entanglement
Authors: Neumann S. Ephraim , Kwon Junpyo , Gropp Cornelius , Ma Le , Giovine Raynald , Ma Tianqiong , Hanikel Nikita , Wang Kaiyu , Chen Tiffany , Jagani Shaan , Ritchie Robert O. , Xu Ting , Yaghi Omar M.
Published: March 2024

The introduction of molecularly woven three-dimensional (3D) covalent organic framework (COF) crystals into polymers of varying types invokes different forms of contact between filler and polymer. Whereas the combination of woven COFs with amorphous and brittle polymethyl methacrylate results in surface interactions, the use of the liquid-crystalline polymer polyimide induces the formation of polymer-COF junctions. These junctions are generated by the threading of polymer chains through the pores of the nanocrystals, thus allowing for spatial arrangement of polymer strands. This offers a programmable pathway for unthreading polymer strands under stress and leads to the in situ formation of high-aspect-ratio nanofibrils, which dissipate energy during the fracture. Polymer-COF junctions also strengthen the filler-matrix interfaces and lower the percolation thresholds of the composites, enhancing strength, ductility, and toughness of the composites by adding small amounts (~1 weight %) of woven COF nanocrystals. The ability of the polymer strands to closely interact with the woven framework is highlighted as the main parameter to forming these junctions, thus affecting polymer chain penetration and conformation.
More math, less “math war”
Authors: Schoenfeld Alan , Daro Phil
Published: March 2024

A false “equity versus excellence” debate over mathematics curricula has long disrupted education in the United States
Collateral impacts of organic farming
Authors: Lichtenberg Erik
Published: March 2024

Clustering organic cropland can reduce pesticide use on nearby conventional farms
Learning biology to understand longevity
Why We Die: The New Science of Aging and the Quest for Immortality
Venki Ramakrishnan
William Morrow, 2024. 320 pp.
Authors: Brenner Charles
Published: March 2024

An expert outsider urges a return to basic principles to temper antiaging hype
Rifts over equity imperil WHO’s pandemic treaty
Authors: Cohen Jon
Published: March 2024

As deadline nears, negotiations continue over sharing pathogen sequences and vaccine doses
Possible U.S. TikTok ban has science communicators on edge
Authors: Cummings Sean
Published: March 2024

App is highly effective for sharing science content, users say
Supplemental Material: steadystate: A MATLAB-based routine for determining steady-state friction conditions in the framework of rate-and-state friction analysis
Authors: Giacomel P. , al. et
Published: March 2024

Figures S1–S5.
Fifteen-minute consultation: Group A streptococcal pharyngitis, diagnosis and treatment in children
Authors: Taylor Amanda , Webb Rachel
Published: March 2024

Group A streptococcus (GAS) is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis in children. GAS causes significant suppurative and non-suppurative complications including invasive GAS disease and acute rheumatic fever. This article describes the current epidemiology and clinical presentation of GAS pharyngitis and explores how diagnostic and treatment decisions differ globally. Several key decision support tools are discussed including international guidelines, clinical decision scores and laboratory tests along with the evidence for treatment choice and duration. With recent international reports describing an increase in GAS infections, clinicians should be familiar with their local GAS pharyngitis guidelines and the rationale for diagnosis and treatment of this common childhood illness.
Now is the time for academics to think and act beyond academia
Authors: Kharouba Heather M.
Published: March 2024

Despite the challenges posed by climate change and the biodiversity crisis, most academic research continues to stay within academia and the gaps between conservation science, policy, and practice remain intact. We need to improve the exchange of evidence between researchers and conservation practitioners and focus on solutions-oriented, interdisciplinary science and co-developed research. As we continue to break climate records and lose record numbers of species every year, now is the time for academics to think and act beyond their institutions.
About the so-called constant-capacity region
Authors: Pinkowski Alexander
Published: March 2024

The mercury-aqueous electrolyte interface is treated as a metal-semiconductor junction. Without bias the electrolyte behaves as a compensated intrinsic semiconductor with the electrolyte ions as ionized electron donors and -acceptors, respectively. Within the so-called constant-capacity region at cathodic bias, the differential capacity is almost cation independent, and the electrolyte contribution shows a typical, however, strongly flattened n-type semiconductor characteristic. The relative capacity minimum at -1,19 V vs. nce is interpreted as flatband potential of the n-type SC region. The cation independence is explained by the orientation of the cation hydration shell atoms and by applying the electronegativity concept. The flattening is attributed to degenerate charge carriers accumulated partly in surface states.
Alignment of learning objectives, assessments, and active learning to promote critical thinking in a first-year medical physiology course: lessons learned
Authors: Anderson Lisa Carney , Fernandez-Branson Carolina
Published: March 2024

We introduced formative assessments and study techniques to first-year medical students in a physiology course. Mastery of learning objectives was emphasized as the key to success. We asked how they studied physiology through an anonymous online survey and focus group interviews. The students enjoyed physiology but had difficulty with exam expectations. Helping students use learning objectives to guide their study may lead to improved exam scores. It may also help administrators meet their curriculum goals.
Paradoxical potentiation of the exercise pressor reflex by endomorphin 2 in the presence of naloxone
Authors: Anselmi Laura , Ducrocq Guillaume P. , Kim Joyce S. , Herold Paul B. , Ruiz-Velasco Victor , Kaufman Marc P.
Published: March 2024

This paper provides the first in vivo evidence that endomorphin 2, an endogenous opioid peptide, can paradoxically increase the magnitude of the exercise pressor reflex by an ASIC3-dependent mechanism even when the contracting muscles are freely perfused.
Postnatal survival of phrenic motor neurons is promoted by BDNF/TrkB.FL signaling
Authors: Brandenburg Joline E. , Fogarty Matthew J. , Zhan Wen-Zhi , Kopper Leo A. , Sieck Gary C.
Published: March 2024

During early postnatal development, BDNF/TrkB signaling promotes PhMN survival. Inhibition of BDNF/TrkB signaling in early postnatal development does not impact PhMN size. Inhibition of BDNF/TrkB signaling in early postnatal development does not impact the number or CSA of DIAm fibers.
The Trends and Risk Factors of AIDS-Defining Cancers and Non-AIDS-Defining Cancers in Adults Living with and without HIV: A Narrative Review
Authors: Mathoma Anikie , Sartorius Benn , Mahomed Saajida
Published: March 2024

Background. People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at a high-risk of developing AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) and non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs). This review is aimed at exploring available evidence regarding the trends of ADCs and NADCs and the associated risk factors among adult PLHIV. Methods. We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO host databases to identify articles published between 2010 and 2023 that reported incidence and mortality rates of cancer, including ADCs and NADCs among PLHIV. We compared trends and rates in PLHIV with HIV-negative adults and further assessed related risk factors. Results. A total of 1886 potentially eligible articles were screened, and of these, 36 were included in this study. More than 50% (n=20) of these were based in high-income countries. Seventeen studies reported a higher prevalence of NADCs compared to ADCs, with twelve of these conducted in high-income countries. Conversely, eight out of twelve studies reporting a higher prevalence of ADCs versus NADCs were from low-and-middle and upper-middle-income countries. Ten studies indicated a higher incidence of ADCs (6 studies) and NADCs (4 studies) among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative individuals. In contrast, only two studies observed an increase in NADCs among the HIV-negative population. In comparing mortality, seven out of nine studies showed elevated NADC-related deaths compared to ADCs. The main risk factors identified for any cancer, NADCs, and related mortality were advancing age, and longer duration of HIV infection, while lower CD4 cell counts (<200 cells/μl), was associated with both ADC and NADC occurrences. Conclusion. Chronic HIV infection combined with advancing age in PLHIV taking antiretroviral therapy appears to have contributed to increasing cancer burden, particularly the incidence of NADCs and associated mortality. These findings stress the importance of screening for high-risk cancers among PLHIV for early detection and treatment to ensure improved outcomes.
Supplementary Information from Prostate Cancer Risk Stratification via Nondestructive 3D Pathology with Deep Learning–Assisted Gland Analysis
Authors: Xie Weisi , Reder Nicholas P. , Koyuncu Can , Leo Patrick , Hawley Sarah , Huang Hongyi , Mao Chenyi , Postupna Nadia , Kang Soyoung , Serafin Robert , Gao Gan , Han Qinghua , Bishop Kevin W. , Barner Lindsey A. , Fu Pingfu , Wright Jonathan L. , Keene C. Dirk , Vaughan Joshua C. , Janowczyk Andrew , Glaser Adam K. , Madabhushi Anant , True Lawrence D. , Liu Jonathan T.C.
Published: March 2024

Supplementary methods, notes, figures, tables, video captions, and references
Memory/Active T-Cell Activation Is Associated with Immunotherapeutic Response in Fumarate Hydratase–Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Junru , Hu Xu , Zhao Junjie , Yin Xiaoxue , Zheng Linmao , Guo Jingjing , Chen Jianhui , Wang Yongquan , Sheng Xinan , Dong Haiying , Liu Xiaodong , Zhang Xingming , Liang Jiayu , Liu Haolin , Yao Jin , Liu Jiyan , Shen Yali , Chen Zhibin , He Zhengyu , Wang Yaodong , Chen Ni , Nie Ling , Zhang Mengni , Pan Xiuyi , Chen Yuntian , Liu Haoyang , Zhang Yaowen , Tang Yanfeng , Zhu Sha , Zhao Jinge , Dai Jindong , Wang Zilin , Zeng Yuhao , Wang Zhipeng , Huang Haojie , Liu Zhenhua , Shen Pengfei , Zeng Hao , Sun Guangxi
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

Fumarate hydratase–deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-deficient RCC) is a rare and lethal subtype of kidney cancer. However, the optimal treatments and molecular correlates of benefits for FH-deficient RCC are currently lacking.

Experimental Design:

A total of 91 patients with FH-deficient RCC from 15 medical centers between 2009 and 2022 were enrolled in this study. Genomic and bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) were performed on 88 and 45 untreated FH-deficient RCCs, respectively. Single-cell RNA-seq was performed to identify biomarkers for treatment response. Main outcomes included disease-free survival (DFS) for localized patients, objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) for patients with metastasis.

Results:

In the localized setting, we found that a cell-cycle progression signature enabled to predict disease progression. In the metastatic setting, first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ICI+TKI) combination therapy showed satisfactory safety and was associated with a higher ORR (43.2% vs. 5.6%), apparently superior PFS (median PFS, 17.3 vs. 9.6 months, P = 0.016) and OS (median OS, not reached vs. 25.7 months, P = 0.005) over TKI monotherapy. Bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data revealed an enrichment of memory and effect T cells in responders to ICI plus TKI combination therapy. Furthermore, we identified a signature of memory and effect T cells that was associated with the effectiveness of ICI plus TKI combination therapy.

Conclusions:

ICI plus TKI combination therapy may represent a promising treatment option for metastatic FH-deficient RCC. A memory/active T-cell–derived signature is associated with the efficacy of ICI+TKI but necessitates further validation.
Idiopathic Pathological Ketotic Hypoglycemia: Finding the Needle in a Haystack
Authors: Wolfsdorf Joseph I. , Derks Terry G.J. , Drachmann Danielle , Shah Pratik , Thornton Paul S. , Weinstein David A.
Published: March 2024

Sick children often have a decreased appetite and experience vomiting and diarrhea; however, hypoglycemia (plasma glucose concentration ≤50 mg/dL or 2.8 mmol/L) is rare. Ketotic hypoglycemia (KH) is the most common cause of hypoglycemia presenting to an Emergency Department in a previously healthy child between 6 months and 6 years of age. Ketosis and hypoglycemia are now well understood to be normal physiologic responses of young children to prolonged fasting.There is now substantial evidence that the term KH describes a variety of conditions including both the lower end of the normal distribution of fasting tolerance in young children as well as numerous rare disorders that impair fasting adaptation. Recent advances in molecular genetic testing have led to the discovery of these rare disorders. Idiopathic pathological KH is a diagnosis of exclusion that describes rare children who have abnormally limited fasting tolerance, experience recurrent episodes of KH, or develop symptoms of hypoglycemia despite elevated ketone levels, and in whom an explanation cannot be found despite extensive investigation. This review provides an approach to distinguishing between physiological KH and pathological KH and includes recommendations for management.
Correlação entre as transformações da cobertura e uso da terra com variáveis climáticas e ambientais na região do Matopiba, Brasil
Authors: Lima Temístocles Pacheco , França Luciano Cavalcante de Jesus , Ferraz Fabrina Teixeira , Da Silva João Batista Lopes , Ferreira Manuel Eduardo , Da Silva Anderson Rodrigo , Silva Daniel de Paiva
Published: March 2024

O Brasil é um líder mundial no agronegócio, principalmente na produção de soja e carne bovina, cuja contribuição para o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) é significativa. Entretanto, é também responsável por importantes alterações na paisagem, especialmente no Cerrado, que é um hotspot para conservação mundial. Neste estudo analisamos as transformações na cobertura da terra na fronteira agrícola Matopiba e a correlação entre variáveis climáticas e ambientais de 2008 a 2018. Para isso, utilizamos dados de cobertura do solo da plataforma MapBiomas e variáveis ambientais e climáticas do Earth Engine Data Catalog. Realizamos uma análise descritiva e um teste de correlação cruzada para as variáveis selecionadas. Com base nos resultados, o Cerrado foi reduzido em torno de 5,1% (~3.692.677 ha) e aumento nas classes de Pastagem (2,1% ou 1.538.358 ha) e Agricultura (3,1% ou 2.254.264 ha). A diminuição do Índice de Vegetação (NDVI) propicia o aumento da Temperatura do Solo (LST) e, consequentemente, reduz a Umidade do Solo (US), principalmente nas zonas agrícolas e pecuárias. O NDVI alto, como em áreas de vegetação densa, favorece a proteção da umidade do solo. Evidenciamos que a agropecuária no Matopiba está em pleno crescimento em detrimento da vegetação do Cerrado e que há uma forte relação entre as variáveis ambientais e climáticas. Este estudo pode ser base para auxiliar em tomadas de decisões, estratégias e políticas públicas voltadas à conservação do Cerrado e desenvolvimento econômico e sustentável do agronegócio do Matopiba.
The Glette Mansion: historical background
Authors: Gomes Celso de Barros
Published: March 2024

A mansão Glette, localizada numa antiga zona aristocrática de São Paulo, próxima ao Palácio dos Campos Elíseos, na ocasião sede administrativa do Governo do Estado de São Paulo, é citada como o berço da Geologia da Universidade de São Paulo. Ela permaneceu nesse endereço de 1957 a 1969, quando então o curso de graduação foi transferido em definitivo para o distante campus do Butantã, então ainda em fase de construção. Na década de 1970, a mansão foi demolida e a inteira área transformada em estacionamento para carros, que permanece em operação na atualidade. Somente a figueira, uma exuberante árvore presente no terreno, foi preservada com um símbolo dos velhos tempos. Um triste final para um passado rico de valores, que registrou as condições de vida de estudantes na cidade. O presente trabalho objetivou reviver a história da mansão, desde o seu uso como residência até os momentos mais importantes como centro educacional com a instalação da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras.
A crueza do trabalhador citadino, nas narrativas de Eli Brasiliense e Carmo Bernardes
Authors: Sousa Sueli Alves de , Silva Donizette Soares da
Published: March 2024

Este artigo pretende identificar as representações do habitus dos trabalhadores citadinos na literatura de Eli brasiliense e Carmo Bernardes, cujas obras são Chão Vermelho (1956), de Eli Brasiliense e Memórias do Vento (1986), de Carmo Bernardes. Nossa busca procura interpretar uma viagem criativa e mapear suas marcas inscritas na história da construção e reprodução do habitus do trabalhador da cidade de Goiânia. A literatura, pelo viés da geografia, busca revelar a multiplicidade das emoções e sensibilidade humana perpassadas numa dimensão espacial, fazendo transbordar a estética poética destes sujeitos que estão à margem da sociedade, caracterizados pelos autores de “amigos naturais”. As obras guardam os fios com que cada trabalhador tecia o seu cotidiano, o modo com que cada um reagia aos maus-tratos sofridos no local de trabalho, asfixiando sua existência, submersa às relações desiguais de poder e de qualidade de vida na Goiânia de1950 e de 1980.