bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a dynamic structure of secular resonances in circumlunar orbital space
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Popandopulo Nikita A. , Aleksandrova Anna G. ,   Tomsk State University, Bordovitsyna Tat’yana V. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: February 2023

When developing new circumlunar satellite systems for various purposes, it is necessary to know the dynamic features of various regions of circumlunar space. It is noted that one of the main features of the dynamics of artificial Moon satellites (AMS) is the increase in the eccentricity of their orbits. It is known that such orbital evolution of objects can be caused by resonant perturbations. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to study the influence of secular and half-secular resonances occurring on the AMS. The results are obtained by means of the processing of data from an extensive numerical experiment to study the orbital evolution of the uniformly distributed circumlunar objects moving in the range of large semi-axes from 1911.8 to 26070 km and with inclinations from 0 to 180°. The study of the influence of secular and half-secular resonances on the orbital evolution of the AMS is carried out using numerical and analytical techniques. Both techniques have advantages and disadvantages and are used in the study. Maps of secular and half-secular resonances are of great practical importance. They clearly demonstrate the areas of influence of secular resonances on the orbital evolution of circumlunar objects depending on the initial values of the semimajor axis and inclination of the orbits of objects. The analysis of each particular resonance consists in the revealing of a resonant characteristic type, which is determined by the nature of the change in a critical argument: libration - stable resonance, libration/circulation - unstable resonance, and circulation - no resonance. To estimate the whole range of the influence of resonances on the AMS dynamics, maps of their overlaps are built. The maps allow one to determine areas with significant influence of the resonances on the orbital evolution of circumlunar objects. The obtained results show that the reason for a large increase in the eccentricity in a vast area of circumlunar orbital space is the presence of the stable apsidal resonance of the Kozai-Lidov type.
Comparison of advanced turbulence models for the Taylor-Couette flow
Authors:   Institute of Mechanics and Seismic Stability of Structures Named after M.T. Urazbayev, Malikov Zafar M. , Nazarov Farrukh Kh. ,   Tashkent State Technical University Named after Islam Karimov, Madaliev Murodil E. ,   Institute of Mechanics and Seismic Stability of Structures Named after M.T. Urazbayev
Published: February 2023

Swirling flows of fluids and gases are an integral part of many complex flows which are widely encountered in nature and technology. The working process of numerous technical devices (cyclones, vortex combustion chambers, air separators, gas and steam turbines, electric machines and generators, etc.) is generally determined by the laws of hydrodynamics and heat exchange of rotating flows. The problem of deriving general laws for a turbulent flow in the field of centrifugal forces provokes considerable scientific interest since it belongs to an underdeveloped field of hydromechanics. Therefore, mathematical modeling of swirling turbulent flows is still an urgent problem. In this paper, a comparative analysis of the advanced turbulence models for the Taylor -Couette flow is carried out. For this purpose, the linear turbulence models (SARC and SST-RC), the Reynolds stress method SSG/LRR-RSM-w2012, and a two-fluid model are used. The results obtained using these models are compared with each other and with known experimental data and direct numerical simulation results. The numerical results calculated with the use of turbulence models for the Taylor-Couette flow confirm that almost all the models adequately describe velocity profiles. However, they yield different turbulent viscosity values and, as a result, different friction coefficients. A comparison of the numerical results shows that the friction coefficient calculated using a two-fluid turbulence model is the closest to that obtained experimentally.
Left-invariant para-Kahler structures on six-dimensional nilpotent Lie groups
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Smolentsev Nikolay K.
Published: February 2023

Left-invariant para-complex structures on six-dimensional nilpotent Lie groups are considered. A complete list of six-dimensional nilpotent Lie groups that admit para-Kähler structures is obtained, explicit expressions for para-complex structures are found, and curvature properties of associated para-Kähler metrics are investigated. It is shown that paracomplex structures are nilpotent and the corresponding para-Kähler metrics are Ricci-flat.
A Study of processes in a plasma generator of the pulsed MHD generator running on a combined pyrotechnic fuel
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Afonin Anton G. , Butov Vladimir G. ,   Tomsk State University, Solonenko Victor A. ,   Tomsk State University, Yashchuk Aleksey A. ,   Tomsk State University, Yakushev Andrey A. ,   Troitsk Institute for Innovation and Fusion Research
Published: February 2023

This paper presents the results of numerical simulation of the processes in a two-chamber plasma generator of the pulsed MHD generator running on combustion products of a combined pyrotechnic fuel with afterburning in air oxygen. A mixture of Mg powder (a fuel) and KNO3 powder (an oxidizer and a source of the easily ionized additive) is chosen as a pyrotechnic fuel. The considered plasma generator includes a gas generator and an afterburner. Multicomponent combustion products of the selected pyrotechnic fuel contain solid particles of MgO and gaseous Mg. Within the afterburner, the unburnt Mg is burned up in the presence of air oxygen, forming MgO liquid particles. The proposed mathematical model allows one to numerically investigate all the processes occurring in a plasma generator of an MHD generator with an afterburner and to obtain the required data for determining the shape of the accelerating nozzle and the relevant parameters for calculations in the MHD channel.
Professor Aleksandr Bychkov’s Methodology of Economic Research
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Tsitlenok Vladimir S.
Published: February 2023

In connection with the 100th anniversary of the birthday of Professor Aleksandr Bychkov, the honorary worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation, rector of Tomsk State University, long-term head of the TSU Department of Economic Theory, a study was conducted on the role of the methodological principle of the unity of the abstract a priori and concrete praxiomatic approaches in the creation of new economic knowledge, which he carried out for more than 50 years. The study of the problem of implementing this methodological principle in Bychkov’s works is based on the consistent solution of the following tasks: (1) substantiation of the significance of the methodological principle in the process of producing new scientific knowledge, (2) analysis of the implementation of this principle in Bychkov’s works on theoretical and praxiomatic problems of property, commodity production, the market, reproduction of the gross national product, and factors of economic growth. Professor Bychkov constantly created new economic knowledge based on the entire set of principles of dialectical-materialistic cognition of objective reality, among which the necessity of continuous interaction of scientific and economic knowledge and its use by economic entities in their activities was fixed in the principle of the unity of the abstract a priori and concrete praxiomatic approaches. The dialectical unity of the two approaches is achieved through the interaction of two types of connections: direct and reverse. There is a direct relationship between the main and mutually complementary approaches, and a reverse relationship between the mutually complementary and main ones. Depending on the object of cognition, one of the approaches becomes the main one, and the second becomes the auxiliary one. In the study of macrosystem objects and their sets, the abstract a priori approach performs the function of the main one, while in the study of intrasystem processes, structures, institutions, the concrete praxiomatic one. The use of the principle of the unity of the abstract a priori and concrete praxiomatic approaches allowed Professor Bychkov to create a new economic knowledge about the essence of property relations, commodity production, and the market, about the factors of economic growth, and at the same time to show their features in the economies of the USSR and RF in the period from 1950 till 2009.
Methodological Approaches to Assessing the Financial Condition of Leasing Companies
Authors:   Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Oganyan Diana A. , Danilovskikh Tatyana E. ,   Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service
Published: February 2023

The need to develop a special methodology for analyzing the financial condition of leasing companies without transforming reports is justified by the growing popularity of financial leases and the specificity of the leasing industry. In Russia, leasing activities began to develop relatively recently, but currently leasing is a promising and rapidly growing sector of the market. Standard criteria for assessing the financial condition of enterprises incorrectly reflect the financial condition of leasing companies. Poor analysis of financial and economic activities negatively affects the reputation of a leasing company, as well as effective management decision-making. This fact necessitates the development of a universal methodology for assessing the financial and economic activities of leasing companies. Consideration of modern scientific literature on the topic showed that neither domestic nor foreign experts developed a universal comprehensive methodology for assessing the financial condition of leasing companies. Many scientific publications reveal approaches to the analysis of the financial condition of leasing companies, but most often the lessor is considered an intermediary between the financing organization and the lessee, so the development of a unified analysis did not make sense. The problem of analyzing the activities of leasing companies was considered in foreign works by I. Hendel, T. Hartman-Wendels, D. Clark, S. Lim, A. Yan, D.J. Diltz, M.E. Bayliss, V. Beattie, A. Berger, F. Marston, and R.S. Hariss, and in domestic works by I.R. Dun, F. Kuzmin, E.P. Shatalova, N.V. Kudryashova, M. Mishina, N. Kukarova, R. Zaripov, and others. In the study of the specifics of leasing operations, works by V.V. Kovalyov, A.V. Busygin, M.L. Leshchenko, E.V. Kabatov, A.R. Galimov, T.A. Panteleev, and others were analyzed. In the field of leasing activities, many aspects are still awaiting reform. The issues related to the mandatory disclosure of information, accounting area, supervisory activities are not sufficiently considered. The legislative framework for the regulation and assessment of leasing activities is poorly developed. This article discusses the methodological approaches to the analysis of the financial condition of leasing companies, as well as the completeness and versatility of domestic and foreign methods.
Transformation Processes of the World Securities Market: Causes, Factors, and Consequences for the Republic of Belarus
Authors:   Belarus State Economic University, Lukyanin Aleksey D.
Published: February 2023

The article examines the modern transformation processes of the world securities market, identifies the main periods of segmentation, analyzes the factors that contributed to the transformation processes at each of the periods. The modern tendencies are investigated, the peculiarities and distinctive features of the modern stage of development are revealed. The issue of the digitalization of securities markets is considered.
Big Data as a Factor of Industry Market Entry
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Zazdravnykh Aleksey V. , Boitsova Elena Yu. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: February 2023

Over the past few years, the Russian expert and scientific community has registered a significant increase in professional interest in the problem of using the capabilities of big data and algorithms for processing them as effective tools for shaping the market advantages of firms, as well as tools for limiting competition in commodity markets. At the same time, in theoretical and practical terms, this urgent issue is still very poorly studied. This article examines certain aspects of the influence of big data control on the dynamics of markets. The authors aim to develop the theory of the issue of the modem typology of entry barriers and to expand scientific ideas about new tools for limiting competition in commodity markets. The authors state that the potential of big data control as a factor that restricts the entry of new operators is manifested in the restriction of access to big data sources and the technological infrastructure of their processing, in the effects of the “positive feedback loop”, and in new opportunities for a cooperative behavior of firms. The authors are convinced that the ability of firms to qualitatively structure data and work in real time with relevant data sets is of fundamental importance for the stability of firms’ market positions today. In the development of the discussion, alternative opinions on the issue are also given. Separately, the authors discuss the effects of using big data on consumer welfare, as well as the associated privacy concerns. The authors note that the ability of firms to guarantee confidentiality in the consumption process creates new points of growth in competitiveness and new types of entry barriers.
Paradoxes of the Export of Technical Regulation Institutions to the EAEU Space
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Kapoguzov Evgeniy A. , Chupin Roman I. ,   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2023

The article examines the issues of the import and re-export of technical regulation institutions from the EU to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The research problem is to identify the specifics of institutional changes in technical regulation in the context of the development of supranational mechanisms in the EAEU and opportunities for the export of Russian technical regulation practices. The article aims to characterize the latest trends in technical regulation in the EAEU and to identify opportunities for the re-export of institutions. The article uses the methodology of institutional analysis, comparative and statistical methods. The architecture of the institutional environment of technical regulation in the EU with institutions similar in function in the EAEU is compared. Differences are observed in the target attitudes of stakeholders: in the formation of general principles of technical regulation, it is not consumer interests that are key, but the product’s objectified characteristics, which de facto are determined by state and non-profit organizations. The article shows that the formation of a technical regulation system common for the EAEU countries exposed the deep institutional problems of the import and re-export of institutions in the EAEU, which leads to difficulties in the export of food products from Russian producers. The introduction of new institutions under the project “Digital Technical Regulation of the Eurasian Economic Union” partially contributed to the implementation of the idea of improving product quality and consumer market information transparency, in particular, the introduction of digital marking. Based on the study of the ways of the transformation of technical regulation institutions, some recommendations are made for changing the technical regulation of consumer goods quality.
The efficiency of the healthcare sector: Evidence from Mongolia
Authors:   National University of Mongolia, Damiran Suvdaa , Dorjdagva Odbileg ,   National University of Mongolia, Sukhbaatar Battulga ,   Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences
Published: February 2023

This research aims to investigate the efficiency level of Mongolia’s healthcare sector using statistical analysis. Based on previous research, the following three hypotheses are made: (i) The financing of the healthcare sector has no strong impact on healthcare sector efficiency; (ii) There is a statistically significant relation between the general indicators of the healthcare system; (iii) Compared to the healthcare systems of other countries that are based on unity, the operations of financial revenue collector and allocation organizations of Mongolia’s healthcare sector are inconsistent. In this research, the DEA method is used to determine the efficiency of Mongolia’s healthcare sector. The research results show that the efficiency rate of Mongolia’s healthcare sector is 94.55%, with the most influential factor being the number of doctors. The research determines the relation between 11 general indicators of the healthcare system. Total expenditure on healthcare as a percentage of GDP is not significantly related to the health sector’s general indicators. The health sector’s budget expenditure is insufficient. The analysis of the third hypothesis in the research shows no coherence in the activities of financial collector and allocation organizations of Mongolia’s healthcare sector. There is no independent accumulative entity and there is no unified system for allocating the multiple sources of funding. However, a comparative study on the healthcare systems of two countries, Kazakhstan and Bangladesh, shows that financial allocation done by a single organization is fundamental for increasing the efficiency of the healthcare sector. Therefore, a single buyer system is advised for Mongolia. Contribution of the authors: the authors contributed equally to this article. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
Accounting for natural mining conditions as the basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the enterprise
Authors:   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernyavskiy Sergei V. , Palt Mikhail V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow Sate University, Chernyavskiy Vladimir S. ,   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Astakhova Irina A. ,   Maykop State Technological University
Published: February 2023

The tax mechanism in the extractive industries should provide all enterprises with relatively equal terms of business, the differentiation of which is largely due to the influence of natural mineral mining conditions, to the number of the production conditions of mining mining factors of the Reno formation and the quality of minerals. However, the tools of the tax mechanism used, including the differentiation of tax rates for mining, are not able to ensure the necessary equality in mining enterprises’ profitability after taxation. Some economists offer a certain averaging of payments for deposits, which, in fact, is a refusal from the principles of rental taxation of mining enterprises. The differentiation of natural mineral mining conditions is expressed in the differential mining render of the deposit. The withdrawal of the differential mountain rent in the income of the state, the owner of the subsoil, can be ensured by further strengthening the differentiation of tax rates for mining, adding conditions for the development of specific deposits or the use of various forms of non-tax seizures of differential mining. In our opinion, the withdrawal of differential mining rents should be provided with a non-tax method. This is due to the fact that this rental income is fully owned by the state as the owner of the subsoil, for which the tax seizure is inefficient. Another part of the rental deposits of the field is a quasirent, a rent of machines or production capital. The quasirent, fully or partially, but at a rate reduced compared with the level of profit taxation, should be left at the disposal of the mining enterprise to stimulate an increase in the technological and innovative level of production. The last part of rental incomes is an absolute meager, which is formed from the excess of the existing demand for this natural resource. Taxation of absolute rent, as part of the entrepreneurial profit, should be made using the established taxation rates of profits on the general basis. Thus, the taxation of each part of the revenge income of the extractive enterprise should be carried out separately, in accordance with the specified principles, which will ensure the rental nature of the tax mechanism of mining enterprises and will strengthen its stimulating effect on improving the technological and innovative mining level. Contribution of the authors: the authors contributed equally to this article. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
Development of rural tourism in Novosibirsk Oblast
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Agrarian University, Makurina Yuliya A. , Prokopyev Kirill O. ,   Novosibirsk State Agrarian University
Published: February 2023

Rural tourism, based on the active participation of the maximum number of stakeholders and the principles of sustainable development, is now becoming wide spread. The pandemic has also made its “contribution” to the development of the industry, especially the restrictions associated with the spread of the coronavirus infection. The aim of the study is to analyze the state of rural tourism in Novosibirsk Oblast and identify prospects for its development. The object of the study is rural tourism in the region, considered as one of the system-forming factors of the territory’s development. The focus of the study is organizational and economic relations arising in the process of formation and development of rural tourism in the region. One of the promising regions in terms of rural tourism development is Novosibirsk Oblast, which has been among the TOP 20 most attractive regions of Russia for travel in recent years. The tourist and recreational complex of the rural areas of Novosibirsk Oblast is diverse and extensive. The authors consider the current state of rural tourism in Novosibirsk Oblast, present the most promising practices, describe the regional authorities’ role in the development of rural tourism. The problem of Novosibirsk Oblast is the fact that, currently, historical and archaeological monuments are dispersed throughout the region, have poor accessibility, and many are suitable only for intra-district local history purposes. To include such objects in tourist routes, an integrated approach is needed: the development of master plans for the development of settlements, the preparation of objects for tourists to visit, the improvement of their maintenance and repair, the construction of viewing platforms, the formation of new expositions in museums, the development of legends, guidebooks, etc. In the course of the study, the authors evaluated all districts of Novosibirsk Oblast for the possible development of agrotourism according to the selected criteria and proposed options for their development. Proceeding from this, the main objectives of the development of rural tourism in the region should include: creation of a tourist cluster; introduction of rural areas and their residents to the agrotourism industry; organization of relevant advertising; training of competent personnel to work in rural tourism; creation of an appropriate infrastructure and related services; development and sale of relevant souvenir products; ensuring transport accessibility. Thus, despite the shortcomings in the legal documents, the activities of rural tourism are already carried out in the format of small business in some areas of the region. This indicates both its demand among the population, since it is a new format of tourism, and the development of agriculture. Contribution of the authors: the authors contributed equally to this article. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
Assignment to performance of duties in kind as a way to protect the rights of the creditor in a contractual obligation
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Kuzmina Irina D.
Published: February 2023

One of the most popular ways of protecting the rights of a creditor in an obligation in court practice is the award of performance of the obligation in kind. Formed in the depths of the pre-revolutionary legal order and developed in Soviet civil law, it was only expressed quite definitely in a specific rule of the general part of the law of obligations in 2015. Article 308.3 of the Russian Civil Code gave the creditor, in the form of a general rule, the right to demand from the court the performance of an obligation in kind, unless otherwise provided by law, a contract or arising from the substance of the obligation, and secured its realisation by a sum of money which the court may award in its favour at the creditor's request in the event of non-performance of a judicial act (a judicial penalty). At the same time, the legislator failed to form a proper legal image of this method of protection: its concept, forms (methods) of implementation are not defined, the areas and limits (boundaries) of application are not established. The lack of guidance in the law has traditionally been compensated for by legal positions developed in judicial practice. The most important issue is the cases that exclude the application of this method of protection. In the case law, these cases are caused by the impossibility of enforcing the obligation; the impossibility of enforcing the judgement that granted the creditor's claim to enforce the obligation in kind; and the failure to meet the requirements of efficiency, expediency and adequacy. The latter is manifested in the effectiveness of this method of protection, in its ability to ensure the achievement of the objective of protection in the form of restoration of the violated right. This approach is inconsistent with the principles of dispositiveness on which civil law regulation is based. By virtue of these principles, the persons concerned are free to exercise their civil rights and to choose at their own discretion the forms and means of protecting their rights which are not prohibited by law; no one may be compelled to choose a particular means of protecting an infringed right. This freedom may be restricted only on the basis of federal law. The opinion of the court that the method of protection chosen by the person concerned cannot lead to the restoration of the infringed right is not a basis for refusing to satisfy a legally declared claim, including such a claim as to perform the obligation in kind, unless the court finds evidence of abuse of the right of protection (Article 10 of the Civil Code). The Civil Code should be the appropriate level of solution to the problems that exist in the area of such a method of protection as the in-kind performance of an obligation, which should form a set of rules clarifying its concept, defining the areas of application, as well as cases where forcing the debtor to actually perform an obligation is not allowed.
On the methodology of legal science
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Manankova Raisa P.
Published: February 2023

The interest to the stated topic is stipulated by the combination of several circumstances: the experience of scientific guidance of graduate students, long-term participation in the work of the dissertation council and the development and teaching (for over ten years) a special course for undergraduates “The History and Methodology of Legal Science”. The reason for writing this article was the increase of the requirements of the State Commission for Academic Degrees and Titles for the structure of the abstract in the section “Methodological basis of the study”. First of all, the emphasis is on the need to specify each of the known methods used by the dissertator. This provision is perceived only as a signal, a call to increase the attention of the academic community to the methodology of the research. The author of the article analyzes the development of primarily domestic specialists (theorists, criminologists and civil law scholars) in historical terms. In the structure of methodology, along with the traditional elements (methods), some relatively new ones are distinguished, which are part of the academic terminology, such as construction and generalization. As a tool for cognition of law, generalization is found in the abstracts of criminologists but can be quite appropriate and functional in a private law doctrine (“legal nature”, legal regime, etc.). The article pays attention to the objects of copyright for works of legal science, analyzes the updated copyright legislation. The need for clearer regulation of the legal status of such subjects as a scientific supervisor, a scientific editor, a scientific consultant, an opponent, and a reviewer is substantiated. Examples from the practice of copyright disputes arising in connection with the uncertainty of the legal status of the parties to a trial are given. The private law doctrine in recent decades draws attention to the ambiguous understanding of the concept of “legal nature”. The positions of scientists are different, and there is no special theoretical study yet. Civil law will satisfy any theory; the variety of plots is inexhaustible. However, it would be nice to agree at least on the main parameters, preferably at the monographic level. The understanding of the legal nature proposed by S.S. Alekseev could be the starting point: “The legal nature is a legal characteristic of this phenomenon expressing its specificity, place and functions among other legal phenomena in accordance with its social nature.” The generally multifaceted structure of the legal nature of the phenomenon in question seems acceptable. For example, when characterizing a contractual obligation, it is necessary to present it both as a transaction and as a legal relationship. The system of norms governing the relevant relations must also be qualified (branch, institute, etc.). The state of science, in one way or another, requires study and evaluation. Perhaps there is an “academic discipline” within the curriculum and this circumstance also reflects the legal nature.
«Procedure» and «conditions» for the execution and serving of sentences as a category of penal enforcement law
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Utkin Vladimir A.
Published: February 2023

In legal science, sometimes it happens that some of its defining, basic categories remain without due attention due to their apparent obviousness, although on closer examination it turns out not so simple. A similar situation exists nowadays, in our view, with such frequently used in the theory of criminal-executive law, in legislation and subordinate normative legal acts as "order" and "conditions" of execution and serving of criminal punishments. Although more than fifty articles of the current Criminal Executive Code of the RF contain references to "order" and "conditions" in various contexts (together or separately), their specific scientific content lacks proper certainty. It should be emphasised that the categories of 'procedure' and 'conditions' used in penal law have different content and meaning, based on the more general categories of 'condition' and 'conduct'. From this point of view, "conditions" are the main external parameters of the state of the subjects of penal relations, legally enshrined in the form of descriptions, prescriptions, restrictions or special rights, such as the right of prisoners to guaranteed food, etc. Conditions of execution are legally enshrined parameters of the state of the subjects of execution of punishments (including requirements for equipment of correctional facilities). The same, addressed to the convicts, act as conditions of serving the sentence. Execution procedure - legally enshrined requirements for the subjects of sentence enforcement, including rules of legal procedure and requirements for compliance with the conditions of sentence enforcement. Order of serving - normatively enshrined rules of conduct of inmates, including their obligation to comply with the conditions of serving the sentence. Violation of the order of serving the sentence includes non-compliance with the conditions of serving the sentence. In this regard, the definition of violation of the "order and conditions" of serving juveniles as a ground for disciplinary liability of convicted persons seems redundant. It is sufficient to indicate the order of serving the sentence, as it is done in the norms of the Penal Enforcement Code of the Russian Federation, regulating the execution of imprisonment. At the same time, the responsibility of the administration of correctional institutions and its representatives is possible both for violation of the conditions of execution of punishment and the order of its execution. In the first case, there may be unlawful "indulgences" to convicts (for example, in terms of keeping prohibited items by them), or (which happens more often) unlawful "toughening" of conditions, as stated in Article 121 of the CEC of the RF. The order of execution of sentences can also be violated without violating its conditions when it concerns the procedure, consistency, reasonableness of certain aspects of the penal enforcement activity.
Selected issues in the organisation of prosecutorial oversight of the legality of procurement activities as exemplified by the practice of the Tomsk Oblast Prosecutor's Office
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Marinicheva Anna Yu.
Published: February 2023

Organization of prosecutorial supervision over the legality of procurement involves: collecting, analysis and processing of information on the state of procurement activities in a particular region; developing goals and objectives of prosecutorial supervision in procurement activities; planning work on the direct supervision of the state of legality, including conducting prosecutorial checks (scheduled, unscheduled); implementation of materials and results of conducted inspections and supervision activities; adjustment of the existing prosecutorial. One important aspect of the organizational activities of the Prosecutor's Office in overseeing the legality of the implementation of state and municipal contracts is to ensure proper interaction with public authorities and local authorities exercising powers in this area. The main forms of interaction are: Exchange of relevant information by the agencies concerned. In turn, prosecutors inform public authorities about the state of lawfulness, fight against crime and offences in the field of protection of entrepreneurs' rights in the implementation of state and municipal contracts. Proactively informing the prosecutor's office on the facts of revealing corruptogenic provisions in the legal acts regulating relations in the contractual sphere. Joint participation in preparation of regulatory legal acts concerning observance of entrepreneurs' rights in implementation of state and municipal contracts at the level of regional and local representative bodies. Participation of prosecution authorities in meetings of public authorities, local authorities, committees, working groups, as well as coordination, inter-agency meetings of heads of law enforcement agencies and authorities. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
Transformation of Russian counter-terrorism law in the context of globalization
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Kochoi Samvel M.
Published: February 2023

The article shows the creation and development of modern antiterrorism legislation in the Russian Federation. It is noted that the period of its formation coincided with the involvement of the post-Soviet Russian Federation in the process of globalisation, an inherent feature of which is the integration and unification of the legal systems and national legislations of individual states. According to the author, convergence of national anti-terrorist legislation of those states involved in countering transnational, global international terrorist organizations, such as the Islamic State banned in the Russian Federation, seems particularly important. The process of adjustment of the Russian national legal system to needs of counteraction to terrorism (external and internal), its transformation both taking into account features of the international, and foreign legal experience of counteraction to terrorism is considered. The current strengthening of responsibility for terrorist crimes in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in many cases should be seen as a manifestation of global trends in combating terrorism. Not only the tightening of sanctions for terrorist activity, but also the addition of new anti-terrorist norms to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is proposed to be regarded as one of the results of integration processes in national law. Despite the steps taken to transform Russian counter-terrorism legislation, its approximation and integration with international and foreign law, the process of globalisation in this field is not complete. It is concluded that the transformation of the Russian Federation's anti-terrorism law (the relevant counter-terrorism legislation and the relevant criminal law norms) must be continued in order to further its involvement in the effective counter-terrorism response in general - international law in the first place. Terrorism has long ceased to be perceived as a local threat, so the internationalisation of counter-terrorism is one of the manifestations of globalisation in law. However, globalisation, which is a catalyst for the convergence of legal systems and national legislations, does not mean that the transformation of national law must necessarily lead to the dismantling of legal institutions and traditions successfully applied in the practice of law enforcement agencies and courts of states. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
The legal nature of acts containing explanatory legislation and possessing normative qualities
Authors:   Russian State university of Justice, Yusubov Elman S. , Philimonov Yuri V. ,   Russian State university of Justice
Published: February 2023

In the administrative legal proceeding there was fixed right to litigate acts of public authority, organizations and officials, containing explanations of legislation and possessing regulatory characteristics. Authorizing to litigate these acts, the legislator realized suggestions, made earlier by scientists, about legalization of a separate type of act along with legal and individual acts, namely acts, which fix the result of legal interpretation of legal norms. The legislator cannot make specified regulation of all variety of public relations, established absolutely precise norms, falling under all events of life. Thereby in real situations law-enforcer can have some problems in understanding of several norms, which reproduce conditions to indefinitely wide limits of judgment and optional realization, at the same time it can lead to violation of rights and legal interests of participants of these legal relations. Mentioned circumstances caused state-authorized necessity in fulfillment of integrated practice of law-enforcement activity by means of edition of law expository acts. While explaining legal norms, it is not allowed to change, to expand or to restrict to their semantic meaning. Law explanation enforces, expands possibility of legal regulation, but it doesn’t actually influence on public relations and that is why administrative law explanatory acts are not applicable to the category of legal sources (form of fixation of legal norms). Contribution of the authors: the authors contributed equally to this article. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
Walter Scott’s Saint Ronan’s Well in Ivan Turgenev’s Artistic Perception
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Volkov Ivan O.
Published: February 2023

The article brings forth and develops the problem of I.S. Turgenev’s consequent perception of W. Scott’s SaintRonan’s Well (1824). The author focuses, firstly, on the I.S. Turgenev’s notes on the pages of the English novel and, secondly, on the analysis of Turgenev’s Clara Militch (1883), whose artistic composition reflects Walter Scott’s motifs and images. Saint Ronan’s Well was in the area of Turgenev’s reader interest in the early 1840-s. While reading the novel, he left notes in the form of short lines on the margins and underlined separate words, using either a pencil or his nail. On the one hand, Turgenev’s notes demonstrate his reader interest to the ironic impression of the entire Saint Ronan’s Well society and its individual representatives (for example, the images of Mac Turk, Mister Winterblossom, Earl Etherington). On the other hand, Turgenev emphasizes four leading and minor characters. Paired by Turgenev, they have an antithetic mode: the comic images of Peregrine Touchwood and Meg Dods and dramatic images of Lord Etherington and John Mowbray. Turgenev is sensitive to W. Scott’s principle of depiction, based on the deep and acute contradiction between individual characters and within their feeling worlds.
Nikolai Gogol’s Comedy The Government Inspector in American Translations of the First Third of the 20th Century
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Stepovaya Valeriya I.
Published: February 2023

The article focuses on N.V. Gogol’s comedy The Government Inspector in American translations of the first third of the 20th century to identify different renditions and semantic transformations of the play in the context of American culture. The author employs comparative, contextual, and content analysis to analyse three American translations: 1) by Max Solomon Mandell in 1908; 2) by Thomas Seltzer in 1916; 3) by George Rapall Noyes and John Lawrence Seymour in 1933.The analysis has shown that M. Mandell’s translation contains the greatest number of transformations, being adapted to the needs of the American theatre. The changes reduce the significant typical characteristics of Russian characters and emphasize their depravity. Having become more “American” in this translation, the comedy reflects American cultural and social processes: the religion-based struggle between the “genteel tradition” and realism in the literature of the early 20th century and the emerging critical attitude to the bourgeois reality. Thus, M. Mandell’s translation can be considered as preserving Gogol’s ambivalent understanding of the play, related to both the satirical origin and spiritual meaning. The changes in T. Seltzer’s translation are less significant. T. Seltzer partly explains them, revealing his socialist sympathies in the preface. T. Seltzer confirms that his translation is to demonstrate the disadvantages of the bourgeois social system, which sheds light on other transformations. However, despite his own views, T. Seltzer is aware that Gogol’s attitudes were different. These signals can be found in the translated text as well as in the preface, which makes the message of the translation less radical. The third translation is the most accurate. Having no interest in politics, D. Noyes, together with his student and colleague D. Seymour, creates a philological translation that is close to the original and allows for various renditions. This version reflects the gradual transition to the translation as an object of academic research. However, all the translations under analysis employ domesticating strategies, which reduces the significance of the source languages cultural backgrounds. The choice of strategy was determined by the ideology of American imperialism in the USA. Thus, each translation reflects, on the one hand, the socio-political and cultural situation of the USA in the first third of the 20th century, and, on the other, translators’ personalities.
The tradition of Walter Scott in the work of Ivan Turgenev: SaintRonan's Well and Clara Milic
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Volkov Ivan O.
Published: February 2023

The article develops the problem of Ivan Turgenev’s perception of Walter Scott’s non-historical novel SaintRonan’s Well (1824) with the focus on the comparative study of Turgenev’s ClaraMilich (1883), whose composition reflects Walter Scott’s motifs and images. Forty years after reading Saint Ronan’s Well in the original, Turgenev turns to it within the framework of his own plan. In Clara Milich, the English novel and its author are brought into focus of deep artistic reflection. Turgenev’s Clara Milich genetically ascends to Walter Scott’s Clara Mowbray, which proves that Turgenev creatively interacted with the English novel. The dialogue between the two authors is mediated by William Shakespeare. Following the logic of the English novel, steadily leading to a dramatic denouement, Turgenev creates a brief story of a woman’s loving soul, yearning for sincere understanding and responsiveness, yet doomed to death. Taking Walter Scott’s novel as a model, Turgenev draws a parallel between Clara Minich’s life and the tragedy of Shakespeare’s Ophelia, putting the main mail character in the position of Hamlet. Twice compared to Shakespeare’s heroine, Scott’s Clara Mowbray repeats Ophelia’s suffering path in its pivotal points: collapse of happiness in love - loss of a lover -madness due to the experienced shock - death resulting from melancholy and madness. Turgenev gives no direct textual references to Ophelia, but transfers the essential elements of this image to his Clara Milich, which manifests not only in the motif of madness, but also in the general design of the tragic love story. A theatrical production in Saint Ronan is based on A Midsummer Night’s Dream - the story of Athenian lovers parallels the collision of Tyrrel and Clara. Tugenev’s epic also includes a play with similar overtones: a small performance about a tragedy of love is arranged in the house of the Georgian princess. Like Walter Scott, Turgenev uses the metaphor “all the world’s a stage” to create a narrative subtext that enhances and deepens the human drama. Following Scott, Turgenev accepts Shakespeare’s concept of the tragic state of the world and, in order to unfold the tragedy of the human, introduces a fantastic element into the story in a similar vein. For Turgenev’s Aratov, the intrusion of the unreal leads to admitting his guilt and, at the same time, reveals a hitherto unknown feeling. However, like Shakespeare and unlike Scott, Turgenev uses the otherworldly image not only as a sign of disaster, but also as the hero’s hope for an imaginary salvation. The author declares no conflicts of interests.