bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microvessel barrier dysfunction in sinonasal inverted papilloma‐associated squamous cell carcinoma and its manifestation in dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Xian Mu , Yu Jiaqi , Li Zheng , Piao Yingshi , Wang Chegnshuo , Xian Junfang , Zhang Luo
Published: January 2024

Background

To date, an effective means to preoperatively predict the malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papilloma (SIP) remains lacking due to similarities in clinical appearance. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) parameters and microvessel structure in tumors with histologically confirmed SIP and inverted papilloma‐associated squamous cell carcinoma (IP‐SCC), as well as correlate DCE‐MRI findings with angiogenesis biomarkers.

Methods

Absolute quantitative DCE‐MRI parameters (Ktrans, Kep, Ve) based on the Tofts model and model‐free semi‐quantitative indices (Tpeak, WR, MaxSlope) of SIP (n = 22) and IP‐SCC (n = 20) were investigated. Regions of interest (ROIs) were oriented according to the tumor subsites in the surgical records. Micro‐vessel density (MVD) counts and tight junction protein (claudin‐5) expression were evaluated in tumor specimens obtained during surgery. Differences in the above data were compared between the two groups. Correlations between DCE‐MRI parameters and angiogenic biomarkers were analyzed.

Results

Compared with SIP specimens, IP‐SCC specimens were characterized by a significantly higher MVD and a leakier microvessel barrier. The values of Tpeak and Ve were significantly higher for SIP than those for IP‐SCC, whereas WR, MaxSlope, and Kep were significantly lower, indicating early enhancement and a faster dispersion model in IP‐SCC. MVD was positively correlated with WR and Kep and negatively correlated with Tpeak. Tpeak was slightly positively correlated to claudin‐5 expression.

Conclusion

DCE‐MRI can serve as a noninvasive biomarker of angiogenesis in the malignant transformation from SIP to IP‐SCC. DCE‐MRI may assist in the differentiation of malignancies and treatment selection.
Common infections and neuroimaging markers of dementia in three UK cohort studies
Authors: Green Rebecca E. , Sudre Carole H. , Warren‐Gash Charlotte , Butt Julia , Waterboer Tim , Hughes Alun D. , Schott Jonathan M. , Richards Marcus , Chaturvedi Nish , Williams Dylan M.
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION

We aimed to investigate associations between common infections and neuroimaging markers of dementia risk (brain volume, hippocampal volume, white matter lesions) across three population‐based studies.

METHODS

We tested associations between serology measures (pathogen serostatus, cumulative burden, continuous antibody responses) and outcomes using linear regression, including adjustments for total intracranial volume and scanner/clinic information (basic model), age, sex, ethnicity, education, socioeconomic position, alcohol, body mass index, and smoking (fully adjusted model). Interactions between serology measures and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype were tested. Findings were meta‐analyzed across cohorts (Nmain = 2632;NAPOE‐interaction = 1810).

RESULTS

Seropositivity to John Cunningham virus associated with smaller brain volumes in basic models (β = −3.89 mL [−5.81, −1.97],Padjusted < 0.05); these were largely attenuated in fully adjusted models (β = −1.59 mL [−3.55, 0.36],P = 0.11). No other relationships were robust to multiple testing corrections and sensitivity analyses, but several suggestive associations were observed.

DISCUSSION

We did not find clear evidence for relationships between common infections and markers of dementia risk. Some suggestive findings warrant testing for replication.
A Self‐Sustaining Near‐Infrared Afterglow Chemiluminophore for High‐Contrast Activatable Imaging
Authors: Zhu Jieli , Chen Wan , Yang Li , Zhang Yuyang , Cheng Baoliang , Gu Wei , Li Qing , Miao Qingqing
Published: January 2024

Afterglow imaging holds great promise for ultrasensitive bioimaging due to its elimination of autofluorescence. Self‐sustaining afterglow molecules (SAMs), which enable all‐in‐one photon sensitization, chemical defect formation and afterglow generation, possess a simplified, reproducible, and efficient superiority over commonly used multi‐component systems. However, there is a lack of SAMs, particularly those with much brighter near‐infrared (NIR) emission and structural flexibility for building high‐contrast activatable imaging probes. To address these issues, this study for the first time reports a methylene blue derivative‐based self‐sustaining afterglow agent (SAN‐M) with brighter NIR afterglow chemiluminescence peaking at 710 nm. By leveraging the structural flexibility and tunability, an activatable nanoprobe (SAN‐MO) is customized for simultaneously activatable fluoro‐photoacoustic and afterglow imaging of peroxynitrite (ONOO−), notably with a superior activation ratio of 4523 in the afterglow mode, which is at least an order of magnitude higher than other reported activatable afterglow systems. By virtue of the elimination of autofluorescence and ultrahigh activation contrast, SAN‐MO enables early monitoring of the LPS‐induced acute inflammatory response within 30 min upon LPS stimulation and precise image‐guided resection of tiny metastatic tumors, which is unattainable for fluorescence imaging.
High Mobility Emissive Excimer Organic Semiconductor Towards Color‐Tunable Light‐Emitting Transistors
Authors: Xie Ziyi , Liu Dan , Zhao Zhennan , Gao Can , Wang Pu , Jiang Chuanxiu , Liu Xinfeng , Zhang Xiaotao , Ren Zhongjie , Yan Shouke , Hu Wenping , Dong Huanli
Published: January 2024

Organic light‐emitting transistors (OLETs) are highly integrated and minimized optoelectronic devices with significant potential superiority in smart displays and optical communications. To realize these various applications, it is urgently needed for color‐tunable emission in OLETs, but remains a great challenge as a result of the difficulty for designing organic semiconductors simultaneously integrating high carrier mobility, strong solid‐state emission, and the ability for potential tunable colors. Herein, a high mobility emissive excimer organic semiconductor, 2,7‐di(2‐anthryl)‐9H‐fluorene (2,7‐DAF) was reasonably designed by introducing a rotatable carbon–carbon single bond connecting two anthracene groups at the 2,7‐sites of fluorene, and the small torsion angles simultaneously guarantee effective conjugation and suppress fluorescence quenching. Indeed, the unique stable dimer arrangement and herringbone packing mode of 2,7‐DAF single crystal enables its superior integrated optoelectronic properties with high carrier mobility of 2.16 cm2 ⋅ V−1 ⋅ s−1, and strong excimer emission with absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 47.4 %. Furthermore, the voltage‐dependent electrically induced color‐tunable emission from orange to blue was also demonstrated for an individual 2,7‐DAF single crystal based OLETs for the first time. This work opens the door for a new class of high mobility emissive excimer organic semiconductors, and provides a good platform for the study of color‐tunable OLETs.
Spiro[3.3]heptane as a Saturated Benzene Bioisostere**
Authors: Prysiazhniuk Kateryna , Datsenko Oleksandr P. , Polishchuk Oleksandr , Shulha Stanislav , Shablykin Oleh , Nikandrova Yelyzaveta , Horbatok Kateryna , Bodenchuk Iryna , Borysko Petro , Shepilov Dmytro , Pishel Iryna , Kubyshkin Vladimir , Mykhailiuk Pavel K.
Published: January 2024

The spiro[3.3]heptane core, with the non‐coplanar exit vectors, was shown to be a saturated benzene bioisostere. This scaffold was incorporated into the anticancer drug sonidegib (instead of the meta‐benzene), the anticancer drug vorinostat (instead of the phenyl ring), and the anesthetic drug benzocaine (instead of the para‐benzene). The patent‐free saturated analogs obtained showed a high potency in the corresponding biological assays.
Synthesis of a water‐soluble chain transfer agent and its application in gel dispersions
Authors: Zhang Xianli , Yang Ziteng , Liu Shanghao , Wang Jiaqin , Liu Siyuan , Bao Dan , Zhang Peng
Published: January 2024

Pre‐crosslinked gel particles, colloidal dispersion gels, and polymer microspheres are often used as profile‐controlling and flooding agents to displace residual crude oil from formations. The preparation process of these profile‐controlling and flooding agents is complicated. In order to simplify the preparation steps, a water‐soluble chain transfer (RAFT) agent, S,S′‐bis(2‐propionic acid) trithiocarbonate (PATTC), was synthesized, and then, hydrogel dispersions were prepared by one‐pot RAFT polymerization. The structure of PATTC was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The effects of reaction conditions on the viscosity and viscosity‐average molecular weight of hydrogel dispersions were explored, the rheology, viscoelasticity, particle size, temperature responsiveness, and salinity responsiveness of hydrogel dispersions were measured, and the seepage properties of hydrogel dispersions in porous medium were analyzed. The results show that at higher shear rates, the polyacrylamide gel dispersions exhibited Newtonian fluid characteristics. Viscoelasticity tests further confirmed that the polyacrylamide gel dispersions were successfully synthesized. The particle size of the hydrogel dispersions is 1–75 μm, its viscosity is less affected by temperature and salinity, and its residual resistance coefficient is higher than that of the polyacrylamide solution under similar apparent viscosity.
Teacher‐composed cases of practice as and for dissemination, reflection and data
Authors: Cowie Bronwen , Trask Suzanne , Edwards Frances
Published: January 2024

The need to make evidence and implications of educational research widely available has prompted a burgeoning interest in knowledge mobilisation, which is a set of strategies supporting the active and intentional dissemination of research knowledge. For this, it is important to consider who might be the intended audience and end‐users of this knowledge, as this impacts decisions throughout the research process. Researcher–teacher collaborations are effective contexts for knowledge‐building and sharing, where both partners have different but equally valuable roles and contributions to make to the conduct, analysis and dissemination of research. This paper illustrates the value and uses of teacher‐composed written and video cases of colleague coaching. The cases were generated as part of the Zooming project, a seven‐school, 3‐year research–practice partnership focused on developing teachers' data literacy and capacity to coach colleagues in this. To craft the cases, the teachers reflected on their coaching practices and relationships and identified what would be most useful for new coaches to know. The cases proved to be engaging tools for research dissemination, especially to a professional audience. In addition, the case writing challenged teachers to reflect on and analyse their coaching actions and the assumptions they brought to collegial coaching. The cases as data also provided researchers with a deeper level of insights into what teachers viewed as salient when coaching colleagues in data use. Teacher case composition offers a useful approach to knowledge co‐production and a pathway to research dissemination by and for teachers and researchers.
The logic of protein post‐translational modifications (PTMs): Chemistry, mechanisms and evolution of protein regulation through covalent attachments
Authors: Suskiewicz Marcin J.
Published: January 2024

Protein post‐translational modifications (PTMs) play a crucial role in all cellular functions by regulating protein activity, interactions and half‐life. Despite the enormous diversity of modifications, various PTM systems show parallels in their chemical and catalytic underpinnings. Here, focussing on modifications that involve the addition of new elements to amino‐acid sidechains, I describe historical milestones and fundamental concepts that support the current understanding of PTMs. The historical survey covers selected key research programmes, including the study of protein phosphorylation as a regulatory switch, protein ubiquitylation as a degradation signal and histone modifications as a functional code. The contribution of crucial techniques for studying PTMs is also discussed. The central part of the essay explores shared chemical principles and catalytic strategies observed across diverse PTM systems, together with mechanisms of substrate selection, the reversibility of PTMs by erasers and the recognition of PTMs by reader domains. Similarities in the basic chemical mechanism are highlighted and their implications are discussed. The final part is dedicated to the evolutionary trajectories of PTM systems, beginning with their possible emergence in the context of rivalry in the prokaryotic world. Together, the essay provides a unified perspective on the diverse world of major protein modifications.
Revisiting the Latin vocabulary of Terminologia Histologica: I. Nouns
Authors: Neumann Paul E. , Houle Mélanie , Russell Stephen , Stiles Lewis , Ottone Nicolás E. , del Sol Mariano
Published: January 2024

Almost 20% of the Latin nouns (193/993) in Terminologia Histologica (TH), the international standard nomenclature for human histology and cytology, display linguistic problems, particularly in the areas of orthography, gender, and declension. Some anatomists have opposed efforts to restore the quality of the Latin nomenclature as pedantry, preferring to create or modify Latin words so that they resemble words in English and other modern languages. A Latin microanatomical nomenclature is vulnerable to the criticism of anachronism, so the requirement for the use of authentic Latin, including derivation of new words from Greek and Latin words rather than from modern languages, if possible, may be even greater than it is for the anatomical nomenclature. The most common problem identified here appears to have been caused by derivation of Latin nouns by addition of ‐us and ‐um second declension endings to English words. Many Latin nouns (128) in TH contain one of six morphemes that have been treated this way even though the original Greek words are either first declension masculine or third declension neuter nouns. Ironically, deriving Latin nouns directly from Greek morphemes often results in words that look more familiar to speakers of Romance and Germanic languages than those derived indirectly through modern languages (e.g., astrocyte, collagene, dendrita, lipochroma, osteoclasta and telomere instead of astrocytus, collagenum, dendritum, lipochromum, osteoclastus, and telomerus).
Introduction to the modeling of complex chemical reaction equilibrium using gPROMS® and GAMS®
Authors: Garma Raoudha , Sioud Doniazed , Binous Housam , Bellagi Ahmed
Published: January 2024

In the present paper several aspects of the simulation of complex chemical equilibrium are discussed, using two research and educational software: gPROMS® and GAMS®. All computations are performed to boost the understanding of chemical engineering students, undergraduate, and graduate, of the complex concepts behind both thermo‐chemical processes and optimization techniques. Four case studies with varying levels of difficulty illustrate the proposed methodology and robustness of the modeling systems:

Catalytic steam reforming of bio‐ethanol at high temperatures.

Partial oxidation of naphthalene using either air or pure oxygen.

Supercritical water gasification of Microalga Spirulina.

Dry and mixed reforming of glucose.

Our results indicate that the use of optimization tools offered bygPROMS® and GAMS®software are useful and efficient tools to calculate the chemical and phase equilibrium by minimizing the Gibbs energy, provided that adequate initial guesses are used. Furthermore, the computational time spent in the calculations was generally quite short. The obtained equilibrium compositions are benchmarked using the ubiquitous process simulators: ASPEN‐Plus® and/or ASPEN‐Hysys® as well as data available from the open literature. We obtained excellent agreement between our results and their counterpart obtained using ASPEN‐Plus®. In the last part of this manuscript, authors share their experience in supervising senior term projects on the subject. A questionnaire was used to collect qualitative and quantitative feedback from the nine students involved in the projects. Their responses to a questionnaire focused on the chemical engineering thermodynamics theory as well as software usage during their investigations. This questionnaire demonstrates that students can overcome mathematical complexity by either using mathematical software or equivalent modeling systems (e.g., 
Matlab®, 
Mathematica©, gPROMS®, and GAMS®).
Impact of Fermentation on the Phytochemical Content and Biological Properties of Moringa oleifera Lam. Shoot Teas
Authors: Ezekiel Adekoya Ademola , Chika Eze Roseline , Ezechukwu Okpara Kingsley , Nwude Eze Fredrick
Published: January 2024

This work examined the variation in chemical and biological properties of Moringa oleifera Lam. shoot (MOS) teas prepared under different degrees of fermentation, viz: non‐fermented, semi‐fermented and fermented. The chemical composition was ascertained via FTIR, GC‐MS, total phenolic and total flavonoid content. Also determined were the biological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial and alpha‐amylase inhibitory activities. The data confirmed that MOS teas were rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, with fermented MOS tea displaying the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents. With respect to antioxidant property, all tea extracts exhibited good radical scavenging activities against DPPH⋅, ABTS⋅+ and NO⋅, and the radical scavenging capacity was in the order of non‐fermented>semi‐fermented>fermented MOS teas. The same trend was also observed for the antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In contrast, the fermented MOS tea exhibited better α‐amylase inhibitory activity compared to the non‐fermented and semi‐fermented MOS teas.
Growth rate per year of a soft tissue recurrent ameloblastoma
Authors: Martins Chaves Roberta Rayra , Castro Wagner Henriques , Gomez Ricardo Santiago
Published: January 2024

Clinical Key Message

We present a case of recurring ameloblastoma in soft tissue, for which we have estimated the growth rate of the lesion. This information could help clinicians to establish follow‐up protocols for the early diagnosis of recurrent ameloblastomas.

In the present paper, we present a case of recurring ameloblastoma in soft tissue, for which we have estimated the growth rate of the lesion. The area of the whole resected specimen was measured using the ImageJ guide for complex object area. After dividing the area of the recurrent tumor by the number of years during the follow‐up, we found that the lesion growth rate was 5.3 cm2 per year. Although further studies are still necessary in the literature to assess the growth rate of ameloblastoma, the present report shows a different methodology to estimate it. This information could help clinicians to establish follow‐up protocols for the early diagnosis of recurrent ameloblastomas.
Femoral head avascular necrosis of in a young cushingoid opium addicted patient in the context of new combined opioid substance with corticosteroids
Authors: Khabbazi Alireza , Hajialiloo Mehrzad , Niafar Mitra , Tahsini Tekantapeh Sepideh
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical Message

AVN should be considered in addicted to oral opium patient without history of glucocorticoid consumption who present with pelvic pain, due to recent reports of the illegal and secret addition of glucocorticoid in new combination substance with opium.
Array of Interdigitated Bipolar Electrodes for Selective Capture and Analysis of Melanoma Cells
Authors: Borchers Janis S. , Clark Morgan J. , Van Scoy Savanah B. , Anand Robbyn K.
Published: January 2024

We report a method for dielectrophoretic capture of melanoma cells and their electrochemical analysis for tumor‐specific markers, using a microfluidic device composed of microwells overlying an array of interdigitated bipolar electrodes (IDBPEs). In this device, cells are captured on each IDBPE by dielectrophoresis, and microfabricated wells allow for retention of the cells to enable their subsequent electrochemical analysis. This advancement is significant because it addresses a need for cancer diagnostics with few‐ to single‐cell resolution amenable to use in low‐resource settings. Specifically, this approach combines the selectivity of dielectrophoresis for cell phenotype, the low cost of electrochemical methods, and the ability of BPEs to be arrayed, with the sensitivity afforded by interdigitation. The IDBPE detects a redox‐active species produced by an enzyme‐linked antibody targeted to a cell surface antigen, and reports the current by electrochemiluminescence. In this work, we first characterize cell capture by dielectrophoresis at the IDBPE array. Second, the retention of cells in the microwells and their viability is demonstrated. Then, the sensitivity of the IDBPE for the redox‐active species is quantified. Finally, we demonstrate capture and analysis of melanoma cells at the IDBPE array, which underscores the ability of the IDBPE to achieve biologically relevant detection limits.
Sterically Congested Protecting Group for a Boronyl Group in Iterative Aminations
Authors: Nojiri Takaki , Tsuchiya Naoki , Nishikata Takashi
Published: January 2024

In this study, we found that the sterically bulky α‐hydroxycarboxamide moiety is a suitable framework for protecting the boronyl group of boron reagents during aminations. Condensation of α‐hydroxycarboxamide with ArB(OH)2 produced aryloxazaborolidinone (ArOxB). The reactivity of the C‐B bond in ArOxB is easily controlled by the steric and weak electronic effects of the backbone. H2N‐(or Br−)ArOxB underwent Chan‐Evans‐Lam (C‐E‐L) or Buchwald‐Hartwig (B‐H) amination with retaining the C−B bond. On the other hand, direct C‐E‐L amination of ArOxB was also possible in an oxidative atmosphere, in which the C−B bond was activated by CuII species. Our methodology is effective for the precise synthesis of two or more arylamino group substituted arenes.
Electroreduction of CO2 on Cu, Fe, or Ni‐doped Diamane Sheets: A DFT Study
Authors: Zhang Hongping , Zhang Run , Hu Shuchun , Yang Kun , Sun Chenghua , Wang Qingyuan , Tang Youhong
Published: January 2024

Poor mass transfer behavior and inherent activity limit the efficiency of traditional catalysts in electrocatalyzing carbon dioxide reduction reactions. However, the development of novel nanomaterials provides new strategies to solve the above problems. Herein, we propose novel single‐metal atom catalysts, namely diamane‐based electrocatalysts doped with Cu, Fe, and Ni, explored through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We thoroughly investigated the doping pattern and energetics for different dopants. Furthermore, we systematically investigated the conversion process of CO2 to C1 or C2+ products, utilizing the free energy analysis of reaction pathways. Our results reveal that dopants could only be introduced into diamane following a specific pattern. Dopants significantly enhance the CO2 adsorption ability of diamane, with Fe and Ni proving notably more effective than Cu. After CO2 adsorption, Cu‐ and Fe‐doped diamane prefer to catalyze CO2RR, while Ni‐doped diamane favors hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The C−C coupling reaction on Cu‐hollow diamane, Cu‐bridge diamane, and Fe‐hollow diamane tends to be from C2+ products. Among all examined catalysts, Cu‐hollow diamane shows better electro‐catalytic performance. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of and contributes to the development of diamane‐based electro‐catalysts for CO2RR.
Characteristics of mucin hypersecretion in different inflammatory patterns based on endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Zhai Zhaoxue , Shao Liting , Lu Zhaoyang , Yang Yujuan , Wang Jianwei , Liu Zhen , Wang Huikang , Zheng Yang , Lu Haoran , Song Xicheng , Zhang Yu
Published: January 2024

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is usually accompanied by mucin hypersecretion that can lead to mucus accumulation and impair nasal mucociliary clearance, thus exacerbating airway inflammation. Abnormal mucin hypersecretion is regulated by different T helper (Th) cytokines, which are associated with different endotype‐driven inflammatory responses. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand how these factors regulate mucin hypersecretion to provide precise treatment strategies for different endotypes of CRS.

Body

Thus far, the most common endotypes of CRS are classified as type 1, type 2, or type 3 immune responses based on innate and adaptive cell‐mediated effector immunity, and the representative Th cytokines in these immune responses, such as IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, IL‐10, IL‐17, and IL‐22, play an important regulatory role in mucin secretion. We reviewed all the related literature in the PubMed database to determine the expression of these Th cytokines in CRS and the role they play in the regulation of mucin secretion.

Conclusion

We believe that the main Th cytokines involved in specific endotypes of CRS play a key role in regulating abnormal mucin secretion, which contributes to better understanding of the pathogenesis of CRS and provides therapeutic targets for airway inflammatory diseases associated with mucin hypersecretion.
Unpacking the stress of 2020: Black Americans cope with systemic trauma
Authors: Williams Tiffany R. , Bass Jeffery E. , Swain Morgan , Jennings Dana , Wyatt Whitney N. , Foster Shakeira
Published: January 2024

The year 2020 was a challenging and traumatic year for Americans, especially Black Americans. Many Black people quickly succumbed to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This paper describes systemic trauma as a lens to conceptualize the effects of COVID‐19, racial stress and trauma, and grief. A recount of the events during the year 2020 is reviewed. Racism towards Black people was at an all‐time high. Complicated and collective grief was ever‐present. As a by‐product of COVID‐19, economic and health disparities resurfaced to further complicate Black people's well‐being. Systemic trauma is described as a comprehensive and inclusive framework that captures the intensity and depth of the trauma Black Americans experienced. We argue that culturally appropriate interventions are needed to help Black people continue to heal from the distress of 2020. Race‐informed trauma treatment is a culturally appropriate intervention that facilitates healing, improves the quality of life, and fosters posttraumatic growth for Black Americans. We offer race‐informed treatment as a theoretical orientation that can facilitate healing and posttraumatic growth for Black people.
The effectiveness of interpersonal psychotherapy versus cognitive behavioural therapy for eating disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Kaiyuan , Xie Qihang , Fan Chuan , Hu Xinyang , Lei Jianxiang , Kong Jiacheng , Liang Meng , Luo Jingyi , Li Xiaoming
Published: January 2024

Objective

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) has been proposed as a treatment strategy for eating disorders (EDs). However, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the treatment more widely used than IPT.

Method

Our study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in order to compare the effectiveness of IPT with CBT in treating eating disorders (EDs). To achieve this goal, we conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science, and the Clinical Trials Database for RCTs that compared the effectiveness of IPT with CBT in treating EDs.

Results

After reviewing 468 potential studies, we selected 10 suitable for our meta‐analysis, which included 833 participants. Results showed that both IPT and CBT had similar effects on the primary outcome measure (i.e., ED score) (SMD = 0.08). However, IPT had a more significant effect on the secondary outcome measure (i.e., Inventory of Interpersonal Problems) (SMD = 0.32) compared to CBT. Additionally, IPT had a better treatment effect for individuals with EDs who had a lower body mass index (SMD = 0.27) and were younger (SMD = 0.43) than those receiving CBT. Both IPT and CBT demonstrated follow‐up effects at pretest and after follow‐up periods of less than 6 months (SMD = 1.61, 1.83), between 6 and 12 months (SMD = 1.48, 1.65), and greater than 12 months (SMD = 1.29, 1.33). However, only CBT demonstrated a dose–response relationship trend (β = 0.017, p = 0.067).

Conclusions

The meta‐analysis yielded compelling evidence that IPT is an effective treatment for individuals with EDs. However, the review highlights the need for future research to further elucidate the effects of IPT on ED treatment.
Summary Report of a Public Workshop: Case Studies of Multi‐Regional Clinical Trial Incorporating Concept of the ICH E17 Guideline
Authors: Matsushima Nobuko , Otsubo Yasuto , Aoi Yoko , Nakamura Ryuta , Kaneko Shuhei , Asakawa Takashi , Matsuoka Nobushige , Watabe Kei , Komiyama Osamu , Yamamoto Hideharu , Ando Yuki
Published: January 2024

To further our understanding of the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) E17 guideline and promote effective implementation, a public workshop was held in Japan by regulatory agency and industry representatives. In this workshop, important concepts explained in the ICH E17 guideline, such as intrinsic/extrinsic ethnic factors that influence treatment effects (“effect modifiers”) and the holistic evaluation of consistency of treatment effect were actively discussed through case studies. The importance of holistic evaluation of consistency was recognized, and it was concluded that the evaluation and relevant discussion should be shared with regulatory authorities, sponsors, and broader stakeholders.
Control of edge plasma by plate biasing in SOLPS‐ITER modeling
Authors: Rozhansky V. A. , Shirobokov A. A. , Kaveeva E. G.
Published: January 2024

The effect of differential biasing of the divertor plates in a tokamak is analyzed using SOLPS‐ITER modeling with account of drifts and currents in the SOL. The ASDEX‐Upgrade like geometry and transport parameters adjusted for modeling of the semi‐detached nitrogen‐seeded plasma of shot #28903 are used in analysis. The additional voltage is applied to the outer divertor plate with respect to the grounded vacuum chamber and the inner divertor plate. When high negative voltage is applied, the high field side high density region almost disappears and the divertor plates become more symmetrical than without biasing, while in the case with positive voltage, the formation of the X‐point radiator begins, and both divertor plates become more detached. The results are qualitatively consistent with the experiments conducted on the JFT‐2 M and DIII‐D tokamaks. In addition, both signs of the applied voltage lead to a significant redistribution of the nitrogen within the SOL. Therefore, the possibility of edge plasma control by biasing is demonstrated.
Li‐Rich Organosulfur Cathode with Boosted Kinetics for High‐Energy Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Ma Ting , Deng Jiaojiao , Lin Yuxiao , Liang Qinghua , Hu Liang , Wang Xiaohu , Liu Jun , Zhao Xinsheng , Li Yinwei , Nan Ding , Yu Xiaoliang
Published: January 2024

Organosulfur materials containing sulfur–sulfur bonds are an emerging class of high‐capacity cathodes for lithium storage. However, it remains a great challenge to achieve rapid conversion reaction kinetics at practical testing conditions of high cathode mass loading and low electrolyte utilization. In this study, a Li‐rich pyrolyzed polyacrylonitrile/selenium disulfide (pPAN/Se2S3) composite cathode is synthesized by deep lithiation to address the above challenges. The Li‐rich molecular structure significantly boosts the lithium storage kinetics by accelerating lithium diffusivity and improving electronic conductivity. Even under practical test conditions requiring a lean electrolyte (Electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 4.1 μL mg−1) and high loading (7 mg cm−2 of pPAN/Se2S3), DL‐pPAN/Se2S3 exhibits a specific capacity of 558 mAh g−1, maintaining 484 mAh g−1 at the 100th cycle with an average Coulombic efficiency of near 100%. Moreover, it provides (electro)chemically stable Li resources to offset Li consumption over charge–discharge cycles. As a result the as‐fabricated anode‐free cell shows a superior cycling stability with 90% retention of the initial capacity over 45 cycles. This study provides a novel approach for fabricating high‐energy and stable Li–SPAN cells.
Triglyceride‐glucose index's link to cardiovascular outcomes post‐percutaneous coronary intervention in China: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun ChangXin , Hu LanQing , Li XiaoYa , Zhang XiaoNan , Chen JiYe , Li DeXiu , Zhang JingYi , Liu LongTao , Wu Min
Published: January 2024

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) addresses myocardial ischaemia, but a significant subset of patients encounter major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) post‐treatment. This meta‐analysis investigated the relationship between the post‐PCI triglyceride‐glucose (TyG) index and MACE. Comprehensive searches of the Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were conducted up to 3 March 2023, using relevant keywords. The effect size was determined based on I2 statistic using random‐effects models. Cluster‐robust standard errors crafted the dose–response curve, and the GRADE Evaluation Scale was employed to rate the quality of evidence. The group with the highest TyG index had significantly higher post‐PCI MACE rates than the lowest index group, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.04 (95% CI 1.65–2.52; I2 = 77%). Each unit increase in TyG index corresponded to HRs of 1.82 for MACE (95% CI 1.34–2.46; I2 = 92%), 2.57 for non‐fatal MI (95% CI 1.49–4.41; I2 = 63%), and 2.06 for revascularization (95% CI 1.23–3.50; I2 = 90%). A linear relationship between TyG index and MACE risk was established (R2 = 0.6114). For all‐cause mortality, the HR was 1.93 (95% CI 1.35–2.75; I2 = 50%), indicating a higher mortality risk with elevated TyG index. The GRADE assessment yielded high certainty for non‐fatal MI but low certainty for all‐cause mortality, revascularization, and MACE. The TyG index may predict risks of post‐PCI MACE, all‐cause mortality, non‐fatal MI, and revascularization, with varied levels of certainty. A potential linear association between the TyG index and MACE post‐PCI was identified. Future research should validate these findings.
Sodium loading in ambulatory patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Mechanistic insights into sodium handling
Authors: Dauw Jeroen , Meekers Evelyne , Martens Pieter , Deferm Sébastien , Dhont Sebastiaan , Marchal Wouter , Mesotten Liesbeth , Dupont Matthias , Nijst Petra , Tang W.H. Wilson , Janssens Stefan P. , Mullens Wilfried
Published: January 2024

Aims

Sodium restriction was not associated with improved outcomes in heart failure patients in recent trials. The skin might act as a sodium buffer, potentially explaining tolerance to fluctuations in sodium intake without volume overload, but this is insufficiently understood. Therefore, we studied the handling of an increased sodium load in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods and results

Twenty‐one ambulatory, stable HFrEF patients and 10 healthy controls underwent a 2‐week run‐in phase, followed by a 4‐week period of daily 1.2 g (51 mmol) sodium intake increment. Clinical, echocardiographic, 24‐h urine collection, and bioelectrical impedance data were collected every 2 weeks. Blood volume, skin sodium content, and skin glycosaminoglycan content were assessed before and after sodium loading. Sodium loading did not significantly affect weight, blood pressure, congestion score, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, echocardiographic indices of congestion, or total body water in HFrEF (all p > 0.09). There was no change in total blood volume (4748 ml vs. 4885 ml; p = 0.327). Natriuresis increased from 150 mmol/24 h to 173 mmol/24 h (p = 0.024), while plasma renin decreased from 286 to 88 μU/L (p = 0.002). There were no significant changes in skin sodium content, total glycosaminoglycan content, or sulfated glycosaminoglycan content (all p > 0.265). Healthy controls had no change in volume status, but a higher increase in natriuresis without any change in renin.

Conclusions

Selected HFrEF patients can tolerate sodium loading, with increased renal sodium excretion and decreased neurohormonal activation.
Myocardial perfusion in cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Chacko Liza , Kotecha Tushar , Ioannou Adam , Patel Niket , Martinez‐Naharro Ana , Razvi Yousuf , Patel Rishi , Massa Paolo , Venneri Lucia , Brown James , Porcari Aldostefano , Knott Kristopher , Manisty Charlotte , Knight Daniel , Lockie Tim , Rakhit Roby , Lachmann Helen , Wechelakar Ashutosh , Whelan Carol , Ponticos Markella , Moon James , González Arantxa , Gilbertson Janet , Riefolo Mattia , Leone Ornella , Xue Hui , Hawkins Philip , Kellman Peter , Gillmore Julian , Fontana Marianna
Published: January 2024

Aims

Cardiac involvement is the main driver of clinical outcomes in systemic amyloidosis and preliminary studies support the hypothesis that myocardial ischaemia contributes to cellular damage. The aims of this study were to assess the presence and mechanisms of myocardial ischaemia using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with multiparametric mapping and histopathological assessment.

Methods and results

Ninety‐three patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA) (light‐chain amyloidosis n = 42, transthyretin amyloidosis n = 51) and 97 without CA (three‐vessel coronary disease [3VD] n = 47, unobstructed coronary arteries n = 26, healthy volunteers [HV] n = 24) underwent quantitative stress perfusion CMR with myocardial blood flow (MBF) mapping. Twenty‐four myocardial biopsies and three explanted hearts with CA were analysed histopathologically. Stress MBF was severely reduced in patients with CA with lower values than patients with 3VD, unobstructed coronary arteries and HV (CA: 1.04 ± 0.51 ml/min/g, 3VD: 1.35 ± 0.50 ml/min/g, unobstructed coronary arteries: 2.92 ± 0.52 ml/min/g, HV: 2.91 ± 0.73 ml/min/g; CA vs. 3VD p = 0.011, CA vs. unobstructed coronary arteries p < 0.001, CA vs. HV p < 0.001). Myocardial perfusion abnormalities correlated with amyloid burden, systolic and diastolic function, structural parameters and blood biomarkers (p < 0.05). Biopsies demonstrated abnormal vascular endothelial growth factor staining in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, which may be related to hypoxia conditions. Amyloid infiltration in intramural arteries was associated with severe lumen reduction and severe reduction in capillary density.

Conclusion

Cardiac amyloidosis is associated with severe inducible myocardial ischaemia demonstrable by histology and CMR stress perfusion mapping. Histological evaluation indicates a complex pathophysiology, where in addition to systolic and diastolic dysfunction, amyloid infiltration of the epicardial arteries and disruption and rarefaction of the capillaries play a role in contributing to myocardial ischaemia.
Myocardial sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 expression and cardiac remodelling in patients with severe aortic stenosis: The BIO‐AS study
Authors: Scisciola Lucia , Paolisso Pasquale , Belmonte Marta , Gallinoro Emanuele , Delrue Leen , Taktaz Fatemeh , Fontanella Rosaria Anna , Degrieck Ivan , Pesapane Ada , Casselman Filip , Puocci Armando , Franzese Martina , Van Praet Frank , Torella Michele , Marfella Raffaele , De Feo Marisa , Bartunek Jozef , Paolisso Giuseppe , Barbato Emanuele , Barbieri Michelangela , Vanderheyden Marc
Published: January 2024

Aim

Cardiac remodelling plays a major role in the prognosis of patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and could impact the benefits of aortic valve replacement. Our study aimed to evaluate the expression of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) gene and protein in patients with severe AS stratified in high gradient (HG) and low flow‐low gradient (LF‐LG) AS and its association with cardiac functional impairments.

Methods and results

Gene expression and protein levels of main biomarkers of cardiac fibrosis (galectin‐3, sST2, serpin‐4, procollagen type I amino‐terminal peptide, procollagen type I carboxy‐terminal propeptide, collagen, transforming growth factor [TGF]‐β), inflammation (growth differentiation factor‐15, interleukin‐6, nuclear factor‐κB [NF‐κB]), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase 1 [SOD1] and 2 [SOD2]), and cardiac metabolism (sodium–hydrogen exchanger, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor [PPAR]‐α, PPAR‐γ, glucose transporter 1 [GLUT1] and 4 [GLUT4]) were evaluated in blood samples and heart biopsies of 45 patients with AS. Our study showed SGLT2 gene and protein hyper‐expression in patients with LF‐LG AS, compared to controls and HG AS (p < 0.05). These differences remained significant even after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, history of diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and coronary artery disease. SGLT2 gene expression was positively correlated with: (i) TGF‐β (r = 0.72, p < 0.001) and collagen (r = 0.73, p < 0.001) as markers of fibrosis; (ii) NF‐κB (r = 0.36, p < 0.01) and myocardial interleukin‐6 (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) as markers of inflammation: (iii) SOD2 (r = −0.38, p < 0.006) as a marker of oxidative stress; (iv) GLUT4 (r = 0.33, p < 0.02) and PPAR‐α (r = 0.36, p < 0.01) as markers of cardiac metabolism.

Conclusion

In patients with LF‐LG AS, SGLT2 gene and protein were hyper‐expressed in cardiomyocytes and associated with myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
Bargaining‐based energy sharing framework for multiple CCHP systems with a shared energy storage provider
Authors: Mao Yunshou , Cai Zhihong , Wan Kai , Long Dafeng
Published: January 2024

In the present day, when centralized energy storage technology is becoming increasingly mature, the cooperative energy sharing framework between the combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems and a shared energy storage provider (SESP) can effectively promote the local consumption of renewable energy and reduce the social energy cost. In this study, the optimal operation models of CCHP and SESP are first developed by considering the electric energy trading of the CCHP and the SESP. Then the CCHP–SESP cooperative operation model is established based on Nash bargaining theory, followed by equating it into two subproblems of coalition social energy cost minimization and electric energy trading payment negotiation. The alternating direction method of multipliers approach is introduced to solve the energy‐sharing problems in a distributed way. Numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed energy‐sharing framework. Simulation results show that the proposed bargaining‐based energy‐sharing framework can significantly reduce the social energy cost and improve the utilization rate of energy storage resources.
Editorial 2024: Large language models, artificial intelligence and geomorphology
Authors: Lane Stuart N.
Published: January 2024

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have seen an explosion of interest over the last 12 months. It is hard to see an area of education and research where we are not having to face the challenge they pose, a form of artificial intelligence (AI) that is capable of generating text in response to relatively minimum prompting. The text generated can be surprisingly convincing. We now have definitive evidence of work being submitted to Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (ESPL) that has made use of LLMs. As a result, the Editorial Board has recently developed its policy on the use of LLMs in authoring, reviewing and editing papers. In developing our policy, we have taken note that through the journal's publisher Wiley, we are a signatory to the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE, https://publicationethics.org/). COPE provides us with a framework within which our policy sits, one that given the speed with which LLMs are developing means that it will not be definitive and will surely need to be revisited over the not‐too‐distant future. This extended editorial explains our policy, specifies guidelines for authors, reviewers and editors and also reflects more generally on the positive opportunities and challenges that emerging forms of AI pose to our community and our stated goal of publishing research in geomorphology that is of the highest quality.
Effect of serum inflammatory factors in predicting co‐infection with influenza viruses and Omicron
Authors: Zhang Chengli , Wang Wei , Luo Xianglin , Yin Minggang , Guo Xiaolong
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To identify the key differences in laboratory indicators between mono‐infection and co‐infection by influenza viruses and Omicron to facilitate timely adjustments in patient treatment strategies.

Methods

Prealbumin and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels were analyzed in 161 COVID‐19 cases infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 (wild type), 299 cases infected by Omicron, 95 cases infected by influenza virus A/B (Flu A/B) and 133 co‐infection cases infected with Flu A/B and Omicron. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression equation were used to analyze the clinical predictive capacity of prealbumin and CRP in coinfected patients.

Results

The co‐infected and wild‐type infected patients had significantly different CRP and prealbumin levels compared to mono‐infected patients with Omicron or Flu A/B (p < .001). The ROC curve results indicated that prealbumin was more efficient than CRP in identifying co‐infection from Omicron (AUC: 0.867 vs. 0.724) or Flu A/B (AUC: 0.797 vs. 0.730), and joint prediction significantly improved the diagnostic ability to discriminate co‐infection from mono‐infection (AUC: 0.934 and 0.887).

Conclusion

The findings suggest that prealbumin is a valuable indicator that can warn of co‐infection and guide timely treatment decisions. Joint prediction may offer an even more effective diagnostic tool for discriminating co‐infection from mono‐infection.
The current state of pertussis vaccination in pregnancy around the world, with recommendations for improved care: Consensus statements from the Global Pertussis Initiative
Authors: Olson‐Chen Courtney , Swamy Geeta K. , Gonik Bernard , Forsyth Kevin , Heininger Ulrich , Hozbor Daniela , von König Carl Heinz Wirsing , Chitkara Amar J. , Top Karina A. , Muloiwa Rudzani , van der Schyff Malikah , Tan Tina Q.
Published: January 2024

Bordetella pertussis, which causes a respiratory disease known as pertussis ("whooping cough") remains an important global challenge, with the incidence in pertussis cases increasing in recent years. Newborns and infants are at increased risk for severe morbidity and mortality from this bacterium. Vaccination in pregnancy has become an important strategy to both passively transfer immunity as well as prevent infection in pregnant persons, who are a major source of newborn infection, thus attempting to decrease the impact of this serious disease. It is considered safe for the pregnant person, the developing fetus, and the infant, and during the first 3 months of life it has been shown to be highly effective in preventing pertussis. There are a variety of strategies, recommendations, and adherence rates associated with pertussis vaccination in pregnancy around the world. We summarize the 2021 Global Pertussis Initiative Annual Meeting that reviewed the current global status of pertussis vaccination in pregnancy and remaining medical and scientific questions, with a focus on vaccination challenges and strategies for obstetric and gynecologic healthcare providers.