bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of bathymetry along the coast of Mangaluru using Landsat-8 imagery
Authors: Pushparaj Jagalingam , Hegde Arkal Vittal
Published: December 2016

Determining the bathymetry of ocean is important for many aspects such as generating navigational charts, to study changes in the seafloor profile, sea level rise, and beach erosion. Traditionally, the bathymetry of ocean was determined by a hydrographic ship carrying an echo sounder instrument which was cost effective but time consuming and also often inaccessible in shallow water regions. The alternate solution to infer the bathymetry of ocean is remote sensing technology. The multispectral satellite platform such as Ikonos and WorldView images are commercially available, whereas the Landsat-8 imagery is freely accessible and therefore the Landsat-8 imagery is used. In this study, the first objective was to evolve a procedure to determine the bathymetry of ocean using the ratio transform algorithm. The second objective was to find the effectiveness of improving the spatial resolution of Landsat-8 imagery to estimate the bathymetry of ocean, and the results of both before and after improving the spatial resolution are compared. The statistical indices, root mean square error and mean absolute error, are computed between the algorithm results and the reference hydrographic chart values, and it was found that the improved spatial resolution of Landsat-8 imagery provided better estimation up to 10 m depth.
Knee Osteoarthritis Is Associated With Previous Meniscus and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery Among Elite College American Football Athletes
Authors: Smith Matthew V. , Nepple Jeffrey J. , Wright Rick W. , Matava Matthew J. , Brophy Robert H.
Published: December 2016

Background:

Football puts athletes at risk for knee injuries such meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, which are associated with the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Previous knee surgery, player position, and body mass index (BMI) may be associated with knee OA.

Hypothesis:

In elite football players undergoing knee magnetic resonance imaging at the National Football League’s Invitational Combine, the prevalence of knee OA is associated with previous knee surgery and BMI.

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Methods:

A retrospective review was performed of all participants of the National Football League Combine from 2005 to 2009 who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the knee because of prior knee injury, surgery, or knee-related symptoms or concerning examination findings. Imaging studies were reviewed for evidence of OA. History of previous knee surgery—including ACL reconstruction, meniscal procedures, and articular cartilage surgery—and position were recorded for each athlete. BMI was calculated based on height and weight.

Results:

There was a higher prevalence of OA in knees with a history of previous knee surgery (23% vs 4.0%, P < 0.001). The prevalence of knee OA was 4.0% in those without previous knee surgery, 11% in those with a history of meniscus repair, 24% of those with a history of ACL reconstruction, and 27% of those with a history of partial meniscectomy. Among knees with a previous ACL reconstruction, the rate of OA doubled in tibiofemoral compartments in which meniscal surgery was performed. BMI >30 kg/m2 was also associated with a higher risk of OA ( P = 0.007) but player position was not associated with knee OA.

Conclusions:

Previous knee surgery, particularly ACL reconstruction and partial meniscectomy, and elevated BMI are associated with knee OA in elite football players. Future research should investigate ways to minimize the risk of OA after knee surgery in these athletes.

Clinical Relevance:

Treatment of knee injuries in football athletes should consider chondroprotection, including meniscal preservation and cartilage repair, when possible.
Effectiveness of Lavage Techniques in Removing Immunogenic Elements from Osteochondral Allografts
Authors: Meyer Maximilian A. , McCarthy Mark A. , Gitelis Matthew E. , Poland Sarah G. , Urita Atsushi , Chubinskaya Susan , Yanke Adam B. , Cole Brian J.
Published: December 2016

Objective

This study aimed to compare standard saline lavage to combination saline and high-pressure carbon dioxide (CO2) lavage in removing marrow elements from osteochondral allografts.

Design

Six fresh hemicondyles were obtained. Three osteochondral allograft plugs (15-mm diameter, 6-mm depth) were harvested from each hemicondyle and randomized to 1 of 3 treatment arms: A, no lavage; B, 1 L standard saline lavage; C, simultaneous saline (1 L) and 1-minute high-pressure CO2lavage. After hematoxylin and eosin staining, a “percentage fill” of remaining marrow elements was calculated for each overall sample and then repeated in 3 distinct compartments for each sample based on depth from surface: 1, deepest third; 2, middle third; and 3, most superficial third. Trial arms B and C were compared with 1-tailed Student t tests.

Results

Group A had an overall percentage fill of 51.2% ± 8.8%. While both lavage techniques decreased overall remaining marrow elements, group B yielded significantly higher percentages of remaining marrow elements than group C (28.6% ± 16.5%, 14.6% ± 8.7%, P = 0.045). On depth analysis, group A exhibited homogenous filling of trabecular space (63.0% ± 15.5%, 67.6% ± 13.7%, and 55.2% ± 10.1% in zones 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Both lavage arms equally removed marrow elements from superficial zone 3 (B, 17.4% ± 9.2%; C, 15.6% ± 12.4%, P = 0.41) and middle zone 2 (B, 30.2% ± 17.7%; C, 21.4% ± 15.5%, P = 0.18). However, group C lavage removed significantly more marrow elements in deep zone 1 than group B (29.7% ± 10.9%, 58.5% ± 25.2%, P = 0.01).

Conclusion

Combination saline and high-pressure CO2lavage more effectively clears marrow elements from osteochondral allografts than saline alone.
Optimizing current and emerging therapies in multiple myeloma: a guide for the hematologist
Authors: Raza Shahzad , Safyan Rachael A. , Rosenbaum Evan , Bowman Alex S. , Lentzsch Suzanne
Published: December 2016

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy. The diagnosis of MM requires ⩾10% clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow or biopsy-proven plasmacytoma, plus evidence of end-organ damage (hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, and lytic bone lesions). The definition of MM has recently been expanded to include a ⩾60% clonal plasma cell burden in the bone marrow, serum involved/uninvolved light chain ratio of ⩾100, or more than one focal lesion on magnetic resonance imaging ⩾5 mm in the absence of end-organ damage. MM is an incurable malignancy previously associated with poor survival rates. However, over the past two decades, the introduction of novel treatment options has resulted in a dramatic improvement in response rates and overall survival (OS). The combination of a proteasome inhibitor and an immunomodulator (IMiD) is the preferred induction treatment for newly diagnosed transplant-eligible MM patients. After induction, high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is still the standard of care for these patients. In patients who are transplant ineligible, dose adjusted IMiDs or proteasome inhibitor-based combinations are the preferred treatment option. With the recent approval of novel drugs like carfilzomib, ixazomib, pomalidomide, panobinostat, and monoclonal antibodies (elotuzumab and daratumumab), as well as improved understanding of risk stratification, management of comorbidities and treatment side effects, clinicians can optimize anti-MM therapy, particularly in relapse/refractory MM patients. In this review, we outline the current therapeutic approach to the management of MM.
Involvement shield or social catalyst: Thoughts on sociospatial practice of Pokémon GO
Authors: Humphreys Lee
Published: December 2016

Around every new media technology debates circle about whether the technology is bringing people socially closer or pushing us further apart. According to popular press accounts, Pokémon GO players are absorbed into a game world on their phone with no attention or interest in the “real” world around them. But coupled with these accounts are stories of people exploring their neighborhoods and of marriage proposals in the midst of Pokémon hunting. This article puts Pokémon GO into a longer context of mobile technologies and sociospatial practice to explore the kinds of social interactions that can emerge around and through the use of Pokémon GO. In particular, the article explores how people can use the platform as both an involvement shield and social catalyst.
Understanding and measuring mobile Facebook use: Who, why, and how?
Authors: Kuru Ozan , Bayer Joseph , Pasek Josh , Campbell Scott W.
Published: December 2016

Although social media are increasingly used through mobile devices, the differences between mobile and computer-based practices remain unclear. This study attempts to tease out some of these differences through multiple analytical strategies and samples. Drawing on theoretical expectations about the affordances, motivations, and cognition of mobile use, we investigate who uses mobile Facebook, why they use it, and how they use it. To do this, we first compare those who use Facebook only on a PC with those who also use the service on mobile devices. Then, in order to quantify mobile Facebook use, we propose a new set of survey measures to tap into more and less mobile users among the sample of people who access Facebook through multiple modes. These questions serve to validate measures of mobile Facebook use, and allow us to examine how patterns of use relate to user motivations and experiences. Findings revealed important differences between PC-only and mobile users as well as a distinct and reliable measure of mobileness. Whereas motivations for Facebook use did not differ across users, more habitual and absorbing use of Facebook was strongly, positively associated with mobile practices. These findings illustrate that people use mobile Facebook in more automatic and immersive ways that are independent of overall frequency of use or motivations. Implications for the psychological mechanisms involved in mobile communication, as well as survey measurement of social media use, are discussed.
Knowledge infrastructures for the Anthropocene
Authors: Edwards Paul N
Published: December 2016

The technosphere metabolizes not only energy and materials, but information and knowledge as well. This article first examines the history of knowledge about large-scale, long-term, anthropogenic environmental change. In the 19th and 20th centuries, major systems were built for monitoring both the environment and human activity of all kinds, for modeling geophysical processes such as climate change, and for preserving and refining scientific memory, i.e. data about the planetary past. Despite many failures, these knowledge infrastructures also helped achieve notable successes such as the Limited Test Ban Treaty of 1963, the ozone depletion accords of the 1980s, and the Paris Agreement on climate change of 2015. The article’s second part proposes that knowledge infrastructures for the Anthropocene might not only monitor and model the technosphere’s metabolism of energy, materials and information, but also integrate those techniques with new accounting practices aimed at sustainability. Scientific examples include remarkable recent work on long-term socio-ecological research, and the assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In terms of practical knowledge, one key to effective accounting may be ‘recycling’ of the vast amounts of ‘waste’ data created by virtually all online systems today. Examples include dramatic environmental efficiency gains by Ikea and United Parcel Service, through improved logistics, self-provision of renewable energy, and feedback from close monitoring of delivery trucks. Blending social ‘data exhaust’ with physical and environmental information, an environmentally focused logistics might trim away excess energy and materials in production, find new ways to re-use or recycle waste, and generate new ideas for eliminating toxic byproducts, greenhouse gas emissions and other metabolites.
Care providers’ narrated experiences of working in private non-profit residential care for older people during downsizing and reorganisation, focusing on troubled conscience
Authors: Åhlin Johan , Strandberg Gunilla , Norberg Astrid , Ternestedt Britt-Marie , Ericson-Lidman Eva
Published: December 2016

Knowledge about care providers’ experiences of working in residential care of older people during times of downsizing and reorganisation is scarce, and it is not known whether/how their conscience is influenced by such changes. The aim was to describe care providers’ experiences of working in private residential care for older people during downsizing and reorganisation, focusing on troubled conscience. This study adopted a qualitative descriptive design based on interviews with seven care providers. A qualitative content analysis was used. The overall understanding was revealed as perceiving oneself as pinioned in between current circumstances to provide care and what one’s conscience conveyed. Care providers perceived: deteriorating working conditions as exhausting, downsizing and reorganisation as triggering one’s conscience when collaborating, troubled conscience when downsizing and reorganisation decrease the quality of care, and good management as crucial during downsizing and reorganisation. The results highlight that adequate communication strategies, well-functioning leadership and opportunities to know together and share what one’s conscience tells are aspects that need consideration.
Psycho-educational intervention on mood in patients suffering from colorectal and anal cancer: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ohlsson-Nevo Emma , Andershed Birgitta , Nilsson Ulrica
Published: December 2016

Psycho-educational interventions can moderate the negative impact of cancer on patients’ mental wellbeing, although studies of the effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are scarce. Hence, the primary aim of this study was to test whether a nurse-led psycho-educational programme (PEP) could affect the emotional wellbeing of persons being treated for CRC and anal cancer. A secondary aim was to test whether there were any differences in emotional wellbeing in the patients before undergoing a PEP compared to a subset of the Swedish population. A randomized controlled trial was used. In total, 86 patients were randomized either to a PEP comprising seven lectures followed by discussions and reflections with peers or to standard treatment. Mental wellbeing was measured with the Mood Adjective Check List. The PEP significantly ( p < 0.04) increased the patients’ overall mood one month after the end of the intervention. The PEP seemed to have a short-term effect on patients’ overall mood. Other outcomes such as self-efficacy could be useful measures when evaluating PEP.
Financial Literacy of Indian Youth: A Study on the Twin Cities of Hyderabad–Secunderabad
Authors: Mahapatra Mousumi Singha , Alok Swati , Raveendran Jayasree
Published: December 2016

A person’s capability to manage financial matters has become important in today’s world. Availability of different types of sophisticated financial products coupled with the complexity and increased uncertainty of the economy and financial markets have generated a strong move to measure and study financial literacy among investors. The present article aims to analyze the status of financial literacy of college students with three identified antecedents, namely, socio-demographic characteristics, parental influence and attitude towards financial planning.

A sample of 425 students from various colleges of the Hyderabad–Secunderabad region was studied to understand the role of the identified antecedents on financial literacy. The results of logistic regression analysis support the hypothesis that financial literacy of Indian college students is influenced by their socio-demographic characters, parental influence and their attitude towards financial planning. While both socio-demographic and parental influences have a positive impact on financial literacy, attitude towards financial planning is observed to have a negative impact.
Relationship Between the Middle Genicular Artery and the Posterior Structures of the Knee
Authors: de Carvalho Rogério Teixeira , Ramos Leonardo Addêo , Novaretti João Victor , Ribeiro Leandro Masini , Szeles Paulo Roberto de Queiroz , Ingham Sheila Jean McNeill , Abdalla Rene Jorge
Published: December 2016

Background:

The middle genicular artery (MGA) is responsible for the blood supply to the cruciate ligaments and synovial tissue. Traumatic sports injuries and surgical procedures (open and arthroscopic) can cause vascular damage. Little attention has been devoted to establish safe parameters for the MGA.

Purpose:

To investigate the anatomy of the MGA and its relation to the posterior structures of the knees, mainly the posterior capsule and femoral condyles, and to establish safe parameters to avoid harming the MGA.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Dissection of the MGA was performed in 16 fresh, unpaired adult human cadaveric knees with no macroscopic degenerative or traumatic changes and no previous surgeries. The specimens were meticulously evaluated with emphasis on preservation of the MGA. The distances from the MGA to the medial and lateral femoral condyles were measured. The Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

In all specimens, the MGA emerged from the anterior aspect of the popliteal artery, distal to the superior genicular arteries, and had a short distal trajectory toward the posterior capsule where it entered proximal to the oblique popliteal ligament. The artery lay in the midportion between the condyles. The distance between the posterior aspect of the tibia and the point of entry of the MGA into the posterior joint capsule was 23.8 ± 7.3 mm (range, 14.72-35.68 mm). There was no correlation between an individual’s height and the distance of the entrance point of the MGA into the posterior joint capsule to the posterior superior corner of the tibia.

Conclusion:

The middle genicular artery lies in the midportion between the medial and lateral femoral condyles.

Clinical Relevance:

This knowledge is important for the preservation of the blood supply during posterior knee surgical procedures and to settle a secure distance between the posterior aspect of the tibia and the MGA input. This could decrease and prevent iatrogenic vascular injury risk to the MGA.
Tetragonal Almandine-Pyrope Phase, TAPP: finally a name for it, the new mineral jeffbenite
Authors: Nestola Fabrizio , Burnham Antony D. , Peruzzo Luca , Tauro Leonardo , Alvaro Matteo , Walter Michael J. , Gunter Mickey , Anzolini Chiara , Kohn Simon C.
Published: December 2016

Jeffbenite, ideally Mg3Al2Si3O8, previously known as tetragonal-almandine-pyrope-phase ('TAPP’), has been characterized as a new mineral from an inclusion in an alluvial diamond from São Luiz river, Juina district of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Its density is 3.576 g/cm3 and its microhardness is ∼7. Jeffbenite is uniaxial (-) with refractive indexes ω = 1.733(5) and ε = 1.721 (5). The crystals are in general transparent emerald green.

Its approximate chemical formula is (Mg262Fe2+0.27)(Al186Cr016)(Si2 g2Al018)O12 with very minor amounts of Mn, Na and Ca. Laser ablation ICP-MS showed that jeffbenite has a very low concentration of trace elements. Jeffbenite is tetragonal with space group I42d, cell edges being a = 6.5231(1) and c = 18.1756(3) Å. The main diffraction lines of the powder diagram are [d (in Å), intensity, hkl]: 2.647, 100, 2 0 4; 1.625, 44, 3 2 5; 2.881, 24, 2 1 1; 2.220, 19, 2 0 6; 1.390, 13, 4 2 4; 3.069, 11,2 0 2; 2.056, 11,2 2 4; 1.372, 11,2 0 12.

The structural formula of jeffbenite can be written as (M1)(M2)2(M3)2(T1)(T2)2O12 with M1 dominated by Mg, M2 dominated by Al, M3 dominated again by Mg and both T1 and T2 almost fully occupied by Si. The two tetrahedra do not share any oxygen with each other (i.e. jeffbenite is classified as an orthosilicate).

Jeffbenite was approved as a new mineral by the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names with the code IMA 2014-097. Its name is after Jeffrey W. Harris and Ben Harte, two world-leading scientists in diamond research. The petrological importance of jeffbenite is related to its very deep origin, which may allow its use as a pressure marker for detecting super-deep diamonds. Previous experimental work carried out on a Ti-rich jeffbenite establishes that it can be formed at 13 GPa and 1700 K as maximum P-T conditions.
Kummerite, Mn2+Fe3+Al(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O, a new laueite-group mineral from the Hagendorf Süd pegmatite, Bavaria, with ordering of Al and Fe3+
Authors: Grey I. E. , Keck E. , Mumme W. G. , Pring A. , Macrae C. M. , Glenn A. M. , Davidson C. J. , Shanks F. L. , Mills S. J.
Published: December 2016

Kummerite, ideally Mn2+Fe3+A1(PO4)2(OH)2.8H2O, is a new secondary phosphate mineral belonging to the laueite group, from the Hagendorf-Süd pegmatite, Hagendorf, Oberpfalz, Bavaria, Germany. Kummerite occurs as sprays or rounded aggregates of very thin, typically deformed, amber yellow laths. Cleavage is good parallel to ﹛010﹜. The mineral is associated closely with green Zn- and Al-bearing beraunite needles. Other associated minerals are jahnsite-(CaMnMn) and Al-bearing frondelite. The calculated density of kummerite is 2.34 g cm3. It is optically biaxial (-), α= 1.565(5), β = 1.600(5) and y = 1.630(5), with weak dispersion. Pleochroism is weak, with amber yellow tones. Electron microprobe analyses (average of 13 grains) with H2O and FeO/Fe2O3calculated on structural grounds and normalized to 100%, gave Fe2O317.2, FeO 4.8, MnO 5.4, MgO 2.2, ZnO 0.5, Al2O39.8, P2O527.6, H2O 32.5, total 100 wt.%. The empirical formula, based on 3 metal apfu is (Mn2+0.37Mg0.27Zn0.03Fe2+0.33)Σ1.00(Fe3+1.06Al0. 94)Σ2.00PO4)1.91(OH)2.27(H2O)7.73. Kummerite is triclinic,P1̄,with the unit-cell parameters of a = 5.316(1) Å,b=10.620(3) Å , c = 7.118(1)Å, α= 107.33(3)°, β= 111.22(3)°, γ = 72.22(2)° andV=348.4(2) Å3. The strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are[dobsin Å(I)(hkl)]9.885 (100) (010); 6.476 (20) (001); 4.942 (30) (020); 3.988 (9) (̄110); 3.116 (18) (1̄20); 2.873 (11) (1̄21). Kummerite is isostructural with laueite, but differs in having Al and Fe3+ordered into alternate octahedral sites in the 7.1 Åtrans-connected octahedral chains.
Chongite, Ca3Mg2(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·4H2O, a new arsenate member of the hureaulite group from the Torrecillas mine, Iquique Province, Chile
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Nash Barbara P. , Dini Maurizio , Molina Donoso Arturo A.
Published: December 2016

The new mineral chongite (IMA2015–039), Ca3Mg2(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2.4H2O, was found at the Torrecillas mine, Iquique Province, Chile, where it occurs as a secondary alteration phase in association with native arsenic, arsenolite, gajardoite, talmessite and torrecillasite. Chongite occurs as prismatic crystals up to ∼1 mm long grouped in tightly intergrown radial aggregates up to 2 mm in diameter. Crystals are transparent, with vitreous lustre and white streak. The Mohs hardness is∼3½,tenacity is brittle and fracture is conchoidal. Cleavage is good on ﹛100﹜. The measured density is 3.09(2) g/cm3and the calculated density is 3.087 g/cm3. Optically, chongite is biaxial (-) with α = 1.612(1), β= 1.626(1), γ= 1.635(1) and 2V = 76.9(1)° (measured in white light). Dispersion isr < v,distinct. The optical orientation isX= b;Z^a =27° in obtuse angle β. The mineral is slowly soluble in dilute HCl at room temperature. The empirical formula, determined from electron-microprobe analyses, is (Ca2.90Mg1.93Mn0.14)Σ4.97As4O20H10.07. Chongite is monoclinic,die, a =18.5879(6),b =9.3660(3),c =9.9622(7) Å, β = 96.916(7)°,V=1721.75(14) Å3and Z=4. The eight strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are[dobsÅ(I)(hkl)]: 8.35(29)(110), 4.644(62) (3ˉ11,020,400,2̄02), 4.396(26)(311), 3.372(62)(022,312,5̄11), 3.275(100)(420,22ˉ2,421), 3.113(57)(222), 2.384(30)(711,530,7̄12) and 1.7990(22)(9̄13,334,5̄34). The structure determination(R1= 1.56% for 1849 Fo> 4σFreflections) confirms that chongite is a member of the hureaulite group.
Gajardoite, KCa0.5As3+4O6Cl2·5H2O, a new mineral related to lucabindiite and torrecillasite from the Torrecillas mine, Iquique Province, Chile
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Nash Barbara P. , Dini Maurizio , Donoso Arturo Molina A.
Published: December 2016

The new mineral gajardoite (IMA2015-040), KCa0.5As3+4O6Cl2·5H2O, was found at the Torrecillas mine, Iquique Province, Chile, where it occurs as a secondary alteration phase in association with native arsenic, arsenolite,chongite, talmessite and torrecillasite. Gajardoite occurs as hexagonal plates up to ∼100 μm in diameter and 5 μm thick, in rosette-like subparallel intergrowths. Crystals are transparent, with vitreous lustre and white streak. The Mohs hardness is ∼1½, tenacity is brittleand fracture is irregular. Cleavage is perfect on {001}. The measured density is 2.64 g/cm3 and the calculated density is 2.676 g/cm3. Optically, gajardoite is uniaxial (–) with ω = 1.780(3) and ε = 1.570(5) (measured in white light). The mineral is very slowly soluble in H2O and slowly soluble in dilute HCl at room temperature. The empirical formula, determined from electron-microprobe analyses, is (K0.77Ca0.71Na0.05Mg0.05)∑1.58As4O11Cl1.96H9.62.Gajardoite is hexagonal, P6/mmm, a = 5.2558(8), c = 15.9666(18) Å, V = 381.96(13) Å3 and Z = 1. The eight strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [dobs Å(I)(hkl)]: 16.00(100)(001), 5.31(48)(003),3.466 (31)(103), 3.013(44)(104), 2.624(51)(006,110,111), 2.353(36)(113), 1.8647(21)(116,205) and 1.4605(17) (119,303,216). The structure, refined to R1 = 3.49% for 169 Fo > 4σF reflections, contains two types of layers. One layer of formulaKAs3+4O6Cl2 consists of two neutral As2O3 sheets, between which are K+ cations and on the outside of which are Cl– anions. This layer is topologically identical to a slice of the lucabindiite structureand similar to a slice of the torrecillasite structure. The second layer consists of an edge-sharing sheet of Ca(H2O)6 trigonal pyramids with isolated H2O groups centred in the hexagonal cavities in the sheet.
Dehydration phase transitions in new aluminium arsenate minerals from the Penberthy Croft mine, Cornwall, UK
Authors: Grey Ian E. , Brand Helen E. A. , Betterton John
Published: December 2016

Bettertonite, [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]•11H2O and penberthycroftite, [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5].8H2O, two new minerals from the Penberthy Croft mine, Cornwall, have flexible layer structures based on corner-connected heteropolyhedral columns. Their response to dehydration on heating was studied using in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction at temperatures in the range -53 to 157°C. The bettertonite sample transforms to penberthycroftite in a narrow temperature range of 67 to 97°C with a large (8%) contraction of the layer separation and a 6 Å sliding of adjacent layers relative to each other. Above 100°C a second phase transition occurs to a DL (displaced layer) phase, involving another 8% inter-layer contraction combined with a rotation of the columns. On heating the penberthycroftite sample the phase transition to the DL phase occurs at a lower temperature of ∼80°C. The DL phase is stable to a temperature of ∼120°C. At higher temperatures, increased rotation of the columns is accompanied by a progressive amorphization of the sample. Bettertonite, penberthycroftite and the DL phase exhibit negative thermal expansion (NTE) along all three axes with large NTE coefficients, of the order of-100 x 10 -6 °C-1.
The intestinal microbiota in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant and graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Staffas Anna , Burgos da Silva Marina , van den Brink Marcel R. M.
Published: December 2016

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a critical treatment of patients with high-risk hematopoietic malignancies, hematological deficiencies, and other immune diseases. In allogeneic HCT (allo-HCT), donor-derived T cells recognize host tissues as foreign, causing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) which is a main contributor to morbidity and mortality. The intestine is one of the organs most severely affected by GVHD and research has recently highlighted the importance of bacteria, particularly the gut microbiota, in HCT outcome and in GVHD development. Loss of intestinal bacterial diversity is common during the course of HCT and is associated with GVHD development and treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Loss of intestinal diversity and outgrowth of opportunistic pathogens belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria and Enterococcus genus have also been linked to increased treatment-related mortality including GVHD, infections, and organ failure after allo-HCT. Experimental studies in allo-HCT animal models have shown some promising results for prebiotic and probiotic strategies as prophylaxis or treatment of GVHD. Continuous research will be important to define the relation of cause and effect for these associations between microbiota features and HCT outcomes. Importantly, studies focused on geographic and cultural differences in intestinal microbiota are necessary to define applicability of new strategies targeting the intestinal microbiota.
Inhibition of nonsense-mediated RNA decay by ER stress
Authors: Li Zhelin , Vuong John K. , Zhang Min , Stork Cheryl , Zheng Sika
Published: December 2016

Nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) selectively degrades mutated and aberrantly processed transcripts that contain premature termination codons (PTC). Cellular NMD activity is typically assessed using exogenous PTC-containing reporters. We overcame some inherently problematic aspects of assaying endogenous targets and developed a broadly applicable strategy to reliably and easily monitor changes in cellular NMD activity. Our new method was genetically validated for distinguishing NMD regulation from transcriptional control and alternative splicing regulation, and unexpectedly disclosed a different sensitivity of NMD targets to NMD inhibition. Applying this robust method for screening, we identified NMD-inhibiting stressors but also found that NMD inactivation was not universal to cellular stresses. The high sensitivity and broad dynamic range of our method revealed a strong correlation between NMD inhibition, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and polysome disassembly upon thapsigargin treatment in a temporal and dose-dependent manner. We found little evidence of calcium signaling mediating thapsigargin-induced NMD inhibition. Instead, we discovered that of the three unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways activated by thapsigargin, mainly protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) was required for NMD inhibition. Finally, we showed that ER stress compounded TDP-43 depletion in the up-regulation of NMD isoforms that had been implicated in the pathogenic mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia, and that the additive effect of ER stress was completely blocked by PERK deficiency.
From the Journals
Authors: Shutler S.D. , Moore K.
Published: December 2016

MEASURING WOUND VOLUME: ACCURACY OF ALGINATE MOULDS

HYALURONIC ACID IN HEALING CHRONIC WOUNDS
Patient advocacy in relation to tissue viability services
Authors: Culley F.
Published: December 2016

A discussion of ethical and professional issues involved in the role of patient advocate
Delivering excellence
Authors: Nelson E.A.
Published: December 2016

Joining the Journal of Wound Care team has given me a unique opportunity to contribute towards dissemination of information in the field to complement my current activities in research and education. As a lecturer and researcher, I knew my role but moving on to unfamiliar territory it is important for me to have a vision for the journal in advancing wound management, research and education. Practitioners, researchers and educators share the goal of delivering excellence in wound care and the journal aims to ensure its articles are relevant and interesting to all concerned professionals.
Managing chronic wounds
Authors: Shepherd Martin , Caine Suzie
Published: December 2016

The update article published in this month's issue (page 479) provides a welcome overview of current thinking on the classification and management of chronic wounds. Over recent years, the author of this paper has played a pivotal role in promoting greater understanding of the complexities of wound healing and his published work offers clinicians an invaluable guide through the claims of dressings manufacturers, which all too often can lead the unsuspecting practitioner away from evidence-based practice.
A comparison of two dressings in pressure sore management
Authors: Bale S. , Squires D. , Varnon T. , Walker A. , Benbow M. , Harding K.G.
Published: December 2016

This study compared a polyurethane foam dressing with a hydrocolloid dressing for ease of application and removal, adhesion, conformability, absorbency and wear time. A randomised study was carried out, including 61 patients with stage two or three pressure sores in five centres in the UK. Dressings were applied for up to 30 days and assessments were carried out at each dressing change.

The results indicated that both dressings are easy and convenient to apply; absorbency and ease of removal were significantly better with the polyurethane foam dressing than the hydrocolloid dressing; wear times were similar.
From the Journals
Authors: Knowles A. , Flanagan M. , Cutting K.F. , Henderson K. , Price P.
Published: December 2016

INNOVATIVE TREATMENT FOR DIABETIC FOOT ULCERATION

A MULTIDISCIPLINARY WOUND ASSESSMENT TOOL

LOW-DOSE CYCLOSPORIN IN THE TREATMENT OF PYODERMA GANGRENOSUM

INTERPRETING REPORTS OF COMMERCIAL DRUG TRIALS
A guide to dressing selection
Authors: Thomas S
Published: December 2016

An update on the characteristics of different types of chronic wounds and the wound-related criteria for selecting the appropriate types of dressing
Economic appraisal in pressure sore management
Authors: Brooks R. , Semiyen A.
Published: December 2016

This article describes the nature and relevance of economic appraisal in the evaluation of pressure sore management
Pressure sores and mental health status
Authors: James S.
Published: December 2016

This article describes how a review of existing procedures led to the development of a new pressure sore protocol
Therapeutic Touch and wound healing
Authors: Finch A.
Published: December 2016

A review of the evidence relating to the use of Therapeutic Touch in nursing, with particular reference to wound healing
Absorbent dressings
Authors: Lawrence J.C. , Thomas S.
Published: December 2016

Two critiques review the classic paper cited below and discuss its influence on the development of surgical dressings
Absorbent dressings: Critique II
Authors: Lawrence J.C. , Thomas S.
Published: December 2016

Two critiques review the classic paper cited below and discuss its influence on the development of surgical dressings
The use of contact media for burn scar hypertrophy
Authors: Davey R.B.
Published: December 2016

An outline of the various forms of contact media used in the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars
The clinical nurse specialist in tissue viability services
Authors: Hutton D.J.
Published: December 2016

A review of the role of the specialist practitioner and its impact in tissue viability
From the Journals
Authors: Lawrence J.C. , Lawrence J.C.
Published: December 2016

THE USE OF SYSTEMIC ANTIBIOTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC WOUNDS

NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR WOUND CARE
Editorial
Authors: Nelson E.A.
Published: December 2016

Consensus statements

Journal of Wound Care Awards
A new protocol to co-ordinate a multidisciplinary team
Authors: O'Flynn L.
Published: December 2016

This case report demonstrates how using and adapting an agreed protocol helped to expedite the progress of a patient with a large, infected pressure sore
Psychological factors in treating pressure sores
Authors: Creevy J.
Published: December 2016

This report illustrates the complex underlying factors that may need to be addressed in order to heal pressure sores in a patient with disabilities
The effect of wound dressings on diagnostic ultrasound imaging
Authors: Kenney I.J. , Delves N.J.
Published: December 2016

A study was carried out to determine the effect of wound and fixation dressings on diagnostic ultrasound imaging. Each dressing was scanned with four ultrasound probes at two focal depth settings and the results were independently rated by five observers on a scale of 0-5. Data were analysed using the Chi-squared test and Pearson's correlation coefficient for inter-observer rating.

The effect of the dressings was found to be independent of focal depth. Three probes produced similar results while the C7-4 curved array probe produced images affected by the dressings to a significantly greater extent.

The total score for each dressing allows ranking according to lucency and demonstrates that hydrogel, thin film, and tulle gras dressings have the smallest effect on diagnostic ultrasound images, whereas dressings which are dense or contain air allow poor ultrasound penetration.

It is suggested that, where diagnostic ultrasound is likely to be required in patients with wounds, traditional gauze-and-tape dressings should be avoided wherever possible as modern alternatives are available which meet the requirements of the wound while allowing the ultrasound system to produce a useful image.
‘Mouseyes’: an aid to wound measurement using a computer
Authors: Taylor R.J.
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of an image-area and perimeter-length measurement system consisting of a personal computer with integral mouse device and a computer program, ‘Mouseyes’, written for the purpose. The study was designed to see how image area, perimeter length and curvature affected the overall accuracy and reproducibility of measurement.

Five volunteers (three male, four right-handed, one left-handed) were recruited to carry out the task of digitising a series of 12 shapes of known dimensions. The difference between derived and true image measurements were investigated.

The accuracy and reproducibility of area measurement increased with increasing area magnitude. Digitised areas were typically calculated with an error of 1.3% or less. The coefficient of variation was less than 2%, indicating a high reproducibility of measurement; the greatest inaccuracies and variability occurred with smaller sizes.

The system has been proved to be a reliable, accurate and reproducible method for the measurement of irregularly shaped areas and linear dimensions.
Peripheral arterial disease 2: Anatomical investigations
Authors: Vowden P.
Published: December 2016

The second article in a two-part Update on the diagnosis of arterial disease
Pressure area care and estimating the cost of pressure sores
Authors: Dealey C.
Published: December 2016

Three reviewers critique the article cited below and assess its influence on the management of pressure sores, both in hospital and in community care
Pressure area care and estimating the cost of pressure sores: Critique 3
Authors: Bliss M.R.
Published: December 2016

The ‘silver’ book, Pressure Area Care for the City and Hackney Health Authority, produced in 1988, probably takes second place in the development of pressure area care in the UK only to the ‘blue book’, An Investigation of Geriatric Nursing Problems in Hospital, published in 1962. Although Hibbs's work was intended only as a local service manual, it rapidly generated a much wider demand, with revision and updating in 1992. Hibbs herself says it is now out of date, but it is worth examining the precepts which formed the basis of modern pressure sore prevention.
Clinical investigation of medical devices
Authors: Kurring P.A.
Published: December 2016

An introduction to the European regulations and guidelines controlling clinical investigations of medical devices used in wound management
Letters
Authors: Hofman D. , Dealey C.
Published: December 2016

SURGICAL DEBRIDEMENT

CORRECTION
Prescribing in the community
Authors: Turner T.D.
Published: December 2016

A White Paper issued in December 1996 (Primary Care: Delivering the future), stated that ‘the current arrangements for the prescribing, supply and administration of medicines would be subject to review’. In mid-February, the Minister of Health, Gerald Malone, gave details of the team, chaired by Dr June Crown, to carry out this review over the next 12 months. The objectives will be to determine the circumstances in which health professionals may undertake new roles in the prescribing, administration and supply of medicines and the legal and training implications of these changes.
A team approach to wound care in pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Sutherland M.A.
Published: December 2016

This case study discusses the management of a patient whose recovery was delayed by pyoderma gangrenosum after total hip replacement surgery
Cadexomer iodine in ulcers colonised by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Danielsen L. , Cherry G.W. , Harding K. , Rollman O.
Published: December 2016

The clinical and bacteriological efficacy of topical cadexomer iodine on venous leg ulcers colonised with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated in an open, uncontrolled, multicentre pilot study. Nineteen patients with venous leg ulcers (median ulcer area 15.5cm2) were treated with cadexomer iodine paste and short-stretch bandaging for 12 weeks or until the ulcer was healed within that period. Bacteriological cultures for growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and ulcer area measurements were regularly performed during the study period.

Seven patients were withdrawn during the study period for the following reasons: pain in the ulcer (n=2), ulcer enlargement (n=2), treatment of cellulitis in non-study ulcer with a systemic antibiotic that is effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=1), increased thyroid-stimulating hormone level (n=1) and poor compliance (n=1). In addition, one patient was erroneously withdrawn.

After one week's treatment, 11 out of 17 patients (65%) had a negative culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. At 12 weeks, six out of eight patients (75%) had a negative culture and complete healing was achieved in three patients (16%). The median ulcer area reduction obtained at 12 weeks was 32.9%.

The results indicate that cadexomer iodine paste might be the treatment of choice for venous leg ulcers colonised with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, a larger controlled clinical study is needed for final evaluation.
The proliferation and movement of cells during re-epithelialisation
Authors: Garrett B.
Published: December 2016

A review of the recruitment of uninjured cells in the region of a wound border, their proliferation and possible mode of movement during re-epithelialisation
A guide to wound debridement
Authors: Bale S.
Published: December 2016

This update reviews some of the techniques that are available for the removal of necrotic tissue and slough from wounds
Chronic ulceration of the leg
Authors: Franks P.J.
Published: December 2016

Two reviewers critique the article cited below and assess its influence on the management of leg ulcers
Community nurse education in leg ulcer management
Authors: Jones A.C. , Lambourne L.A. , Moffatt C.J. , Franks P.J.
Published: December 2016

An audit of a wound-care training project implemented in conjunction with an initiative to set up community leg ulcer clinics
Guidelines and protocols in clinical decision-making
Authors: Flanagan M.
Published: December 2016

Nowhere has the invasion of clinical practice guidelines, protocols and algorithms become more evident than in the specialty of tissue viability. The literature is full of examples of how educational initiatives can help to promote the adoption of a problem-solving approach and facilitate informed clinical judgement (see page 244).
Wound management in patients with traumatic injuries
Authors: Black C.
Published: December 2016

This case report describes the management of a patient with extensive impact injuries
Use of a hydrocolloid in over-granulation
Authors: Young T.
Published: December 2016

This case study describes the management of over-granulation during the healing of a traumatic wound
From the Journals
Authors: Lawrence J.C. , Lawrence J.C. , Shutler S.D.
Published: December 2016

TOXICITY OF ANTISEPTIC WOUND CLEANSERS

PSEUDOMONAS FOLLICULITIS

ENZYME DEBRIDEMENT
Treatment of unhealed burns with severe complications
Authors: Finlayson E. , McArthur E.
Published: December 2016

This case history describes the management of a child whose treatment for unhealed burn wounds was complicated by the presence of sickle cell anaemia, thalassaemia and malaria
Evaluation of a new polyurethane foam dressing
Authors: Banks V. , Bale S. , Harding K. , Harding E.F.
Published: December 2016

The treatment of moderately to heavily exuding wounds requires a dressing that will remove excess exudate while ensuring optimum conditions at the wound site and preventing maceration of the surrounding skin tissue. This prospective, stratified, randomised clinical trial was designed to assess the performance and safety of a new polyurethane foam dressing compared with a hydrocellular dressing. Bdth dressings are currently available to community nurses for the treatment of these wound types.

Sixty-one patients were recruited to the trial. They were grouped according to wound type: 20 leg ulcers, 20 Grade 2 or Grade 3 pressure sores and 21 other wounds that included traumatic, acute and chronic wounds and burns. Patients were randomised to treatment and dressing changes and assessments were undertaken as required. Condition of the wound and surrounding skin, comfort, ease of use and leakage from the dressing were monitored at each assessment. Treatment continued for six weeks or until the wound was lightly exuding (defined as absence of leakage with the dressing remaining in place for more than four days on two consecutive occasions). Photographs and tracings of the wounds were taken weekly.

The results showed that the two dressings were similar in performance in that they could remain in place for approximately 2.5 days, irrespective of wound type. There were no statistically significant differences in surrounding skin condition, reduction in wound size, patient comfort or ease of application and removal.
Principles of closed surgical wound care
Authors: Briggs M.
Published: December 2016

A review of the factors before, during and after surgical procedures that may predispose patients to post-operative wound infection
A team approach to pressure relief for people with disabilities
Authors: Browning D.
Published: December 2016

This report describes a multidisciplinary team approach to the prevention and treatment of pressure damage in young patients with a range of physical disabilities
From the Journals
Authors: Shutler S.D. , McCollum C.
Published: December 2016

STIMULATION OF ANGIOGENESIS BY GROWTH FACTORS

CHRONIC VENOUS DISEASE OF THE LEG
The holistic management of pressure sores in terminal illness
Authors: Chambers N.
Published: December 2016

This case report demonstrates a multidisciplinary approach in the management and palliative care of a terminally ill patient with chronic wounds
Letters
Authors: Harley Thelma , Awenat Yvonne , Bliss M.R. , Knowles C.R. , Franks Peter , Moffatt Christine , Blair S.D. , Wilkinson E. , Bardwell john , Knowles E.A. , Jackson N.
Published: December 2016

MEDIEVAL ULCER MANAGEMENT

SCIENTIFIC PAPERS

SPECIAL EQUIPMENT IN NURSING HOMES

TWO BANDAGING SYSTEMS

SELECTION OF DRESSINGS FOR DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS
Managing animal bite wounds
Authors: Higgins M.A.G. , Evans R.C. , Evans R.J.
Published: December 2016

A review of specific features associated with bite wounds occurring as a result of human fights or attacks by dogs and other animals
The development of pressure sores in patients with spinal cord injury
Authors: Graham A.
Published: December 2016

A discussion of the reasons why provision of information regarding pressure sore prevention to patients with spinal cord injury is not always effective in preventing the development of sores