bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary failure of eruption (PFE) - a systematic literature review
Authors: Nieścior Hubert , Sereda Dominika , Metelska Aleksandra , Metelski Jakub , Szwed Monika
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose

Primary Failure of Eruption (PFE) is a rare disease that occurs more often in women than in men. PFE is extremely important for orthodontists because conventional treatment of patients results in ankylosis of the teeth affected by the disease. The aim of the study is to discuss the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of Primary Failure of Eruption.

Description of the state of knowledge

PFE is present in 0.05% to 0.6% of the population. The average incidence is at the age of 13.65, more often in women. Most often it affects the lateral teeth, and therefore it results in open lateral bites because the teeth do not reach the occlusal plane. The condition was found to be of genetic origin and inherited autosomal dominantly with a low percentage of incomplete penetration. The gene responsible for the disease is the PTH1R. The diagnosis of the disease consists in excluding other causes of eruption failure, detecting disease in which such symptoms occur, and genetic tests (NGS). Treatment of an open lateral bite cannot be carried out in a conventional manner due to the deterioration of the condition after the application of orthodontic forces. The result of the above actions is ankylosis of teeth covered by PFE. The currently proposed methods of treatment are: single or multi-site osteotomy, selective extractions with subsequent implantations, direct or indirect composite restorations, distraction osteogenesis, removable prosthetic restorations.

Summary

Properly conducted clinical examination of the patient should take into account PFE. Genetic testing (PTH1R) is important in the diagnosis of people with eruption disorders, which is crucial for achieving partially positive treatment results. Orthodontic treatment is contraindicated and patients with a PTH1R mutation should be monitored long-term until their growth is complete, which is the time when interdisciplinary treatment is initiated.
The variety of clinical manifestations in the course of granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Metelska Aleksandra , Metelski Jakub , Sereda Dominika , Nieścior Hubert
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener's granulomatosis, is a rare systemic autoimmune disease. It causes inflammation of small and medium-sized arteries in various organs, with the vessels of the kidneys and lungs being most frequently affected. Characteristic for GPA is the presence of antibodies (ANCA) directed against proteinase-3 (PR3) produced by neutrophils. The aim of the study is to present various clinical manifestations of GPA and current diagnostic tools.

Description of the state of knowledge

Currently, there is a marked increase in the incidence of GPA. This disease affects both men and women, most often between the ages of 45 and 60. Granulomas typical of GPA consist of giant cells surrounded by plasma cells, lymphocytes and dendritic cells that damage the submucosa and migrate to surrounding tissue, cartilage or bone, causing necrosis and permanent deformation.

In making a diagnosis, you can use the ACR criteria and the acronym ELK.

Summary 

GPA is a multi-system disease. Initially, it causes a number of non-specific ailments. The first clinical manifestation is most often otorhinolaryngological symptoms, especially serous otitis media. Then it can gradually cause discomfort from any system. The most frequently involved vessels are the kidneys and lungs, but also the skin, nervous system and eyes.

Prompt diagnosis of GPA is very important for prognostic reasons. Early initiation of immunosuppressive therapy can rapidly lead to clinical remission and, in the long term, reduce disease complications and mortality.
Prediction Method of Characteristic Value of Foundation Bearing Capacity Based on Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Xiao Xue , Yangbing Zheng , Xin Wang
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a prediction method of characteristic value of foundation bearing capacity based on machine learning algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the influencing factors of foundation bearing capacity are analyzed, and then the prediction parameters of foundation pressure strength and foundation strength are calculated. The prediction error was obtained by comparing the difference between the predicted value and the actual intensity, which was used as the optimization value to improve the accuracy of the prediction results of the characteristic values of the subsequent bearing capacity. Then, by calculating the characteristic parameters of foundation mechanics and establishing the boundary conditions of foundation bearing capacity, the mathematical model of foundation bearing capacity is constructed, so as to complete the analysis of the mechanical characteristics of foundation bearing capacity. The analysis results and foundation strength prediction parameters are input into the RBF neural network model. On the basis of optimizing parameter weights by the improved Relief algorithm, the prediction results of characteristic values of foundation bearing capacity are obtained by using the hyperparameters of THE RBF neural network algorithm. Experimental results show that the prediction results of this method are always in a controllable range, and the prediction error rate is between 1.21% and 1.35%, and the prediction time is between 30.1 min and 32.5 min, indicating that this method has high prediction accuracy and timeliness.
The U.S.-Japan Alliance and Taiwan
Authors: Liff Adam P.
Published: August 2022

executive summary: This article analyzes the historical evolution of Japan's positions, posture, and policies relevant to a possible conflict across the Taiwan Strait, including the potential roles of the U.S.-Japan security alliance and Japan's Self-Defense Forces. main argument
In April 2021, Japan's then prime minister Yoshihide Suga and U.S. president Joe Biden made global headlines when they jointly "underscored the importance of peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait and encouraged the peaceful resolution of cross-Strait issues"—the first such reference in a summit-level statement since 1969. This statement catalyzed a striking degree of public discussion in Japan and expressions of concern about cross-strait stability from Japanese leaders. It also elicited widespread, though often misleading or inaccurate, assertions overseas that Japan's position vis-à-vis a "Taiwan contingency" had abruptly or radically transformed. Especially given the proximity of Japan (and U.S. military bases in Japan) to Taiwan, soberly appreciating the complexity and incremental evolution of Japan's nuanced and intentionally ambiguous positions and policies, as well as its unique domestic constraints, is critical. Doing so is especially crucial for policymakers to accurately assess the status quo, manage expectations within and beyond the alliance, and ensure sound decision-making as the cross-strait deterrence challenge seems all but certain to deepen in the years ahead. policy implications
•Japan's decades-old, intentionally ambiguous official posture toward a possible Taiwan Strait contingency has not radically changed. Any action Japan would take in a possible crisis will depend on top-level political judgments about the particular contingency's nature, how it began, how Taipei and Washington have responded, and the perceived threat to Japan itself. • Ambiguity—by design—should not be misunderstood as apathy or ambivalence in Tokyo about democratic Taiwan's future or cross-strait peace and stability. Recent developments suggest a new sense of urgency and openness to deepen contingency and bilateral planning with Washington to enhance deterrence and to prepare options if deterrence fails. Though not originally motivated by a possible Taiwan contingency, Japan's national security and alliance reforms over the past decade have expanded the options for allied cooperation and Japan's potential role(s) in the event one occurs. • Important constraints on Japan are still apparent. It remains an open question how—and how quickly—Japan's leaders could respond to use of force by China against Taiwan and what consequences any indecision could have on Japan's and the alliance's response or how a conflict plays out.
Japan's Security Policy Evolution: The Interaction between Think Tank Proposals and Government Implementation
Authors: Watanabe Tsuneo
Published: August 2022

executive summary: This essay spotlights interactions between private think tanks' security policy proposals and the development of the Japanese government's security policies since 1995, identifies items on the current security policy agenda, and suggests the future direction of Japan's security policy. main argument
Japan's defense and security policy is steadily moving in a pragmatic and proactive direction toward becoming a "normal country" through "passive realism," although the direction and speed of change is not dramatic or linear. Interactions between think tanks' policy recommendations and the government's realization of them since 1995 illustrate in part this development process. For example, following a committee's suggestions to revitalize the Japan-U.S. alliance to deal with contingencies on the Korean Peninsula, the Japanese government adopted a related law after it agreed upon the 1997 Guidelines for Japan-U.S. Defense Cooperation with its U.S. counterpart. The Abe cabinets implemented many ambitious policies suggested in think tank proposals, including permitting the exercise of the right of collective defense, creating the National Security Council, and establishing the National Security Strategy. Currently, the Japanese government is conducting a series of conversations with security experts to revise the National Security Strategy and the ruling LDP has announced a general policy proposal. The proposal recommends that the Kishida cabinet initiate the development of an indigenous counterstrike capability and increase the defense budget toward 2% of GDP. Past interactions between policy think tanks and the Japanese government suggest that the government will continue to take steps toward becoming a so-called normal country, although such steps could be gradual and incremental. policy implications
• Japan should continue to implement a realistic security policy agenda, which will contribute not only to its survival but to regional stability in the new era following the post–Cold War. • The U.S. should encourage and cooperate with Japan's proactive development of its realistic and pragmatic security policy since it will be important both to regional stability and to a sustainable U.S. security strategy in the face of threats from an assertive Russia and China. • Japan and the U.S. should collaborate on research and development in defense and dual-use technology, which are critical for Japan's sustainable development of its defense capability and industrial base.
The Evolving Geopolitics of Economic Interdependence between the United States and China: Reflections on a Deteriorating Great-Power Relationship
Authors: Wyne Ali
Published: August 2022

executive summary: This essay explores why the U.S. and China have both come to adopt a more cautious view of globalization as their strategic frictions have intensified. main argument
The U.S. and China were perhaps the two greatest beneficiaries of the phase of globalization that dated from roughly the mid-1970s to the 2008–9 global financial crisis. Now, however, each country assesses that a combination of intensifying domestic pressures and increasing external turbulence—in significant part the result of growing strategic frictions between the two states—is heightening the need for self-reliance. U.S.-China relations are poised to continue deteriorating as Washington and Beijing both take a dimmer view of their economic entanglement. That deterioration will shape but not dictate Asia's economic evolution. policy implications
• The U.S. and China are both increasingly likely to see their economic interdependence not as a source of stability but as a vector of vulnerability. • Even so, the rhetoric around decoupling presently outpaces the reality; the U.S. and China will likely find it far more challenging to unwind their interdependence than they would like. • The extent to which the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework succeeds in shoring up U.S. economic competitiveness will be a crucial litmus test of Washington's staying power in Asia.
The Effects of Various Drying Techniques on Physicochemical and Nutritional Qualities of (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Roselle Calyx
Authors: Lema Abubakar Abdullahi , Nor Hasima Mahmod , Kandaker Monerazzaman Mohamed , Nur Fatiha Hassan Nudin , Dogara Abdulrahman.Mahmud
Published: August 2022

The calyx of the roselle plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) has been extensively studied for its anthocyanins. Roselle calyces are exceedingly perishable, making the process of drying and extracting them without sacrificing quality quite difficult. Similarly, there are several commercial drying procedures available, each with its own set of benefits and drawbacks on nutritional and physicochemical qualities in the final product. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of sun, oven and freeze drying on the physicochemical and nutritional properties of roselle calyx. The antioxidant (%RSA), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and their HPLC identification, physicochemical as well as proximate composition were determined. The results showed that freeze drying increased the drying rate significantly and retained the antioxidant activity (32 mg/100 g QE) then fresh calyx, sun and oven drying, freeze-dried calyx also have higher TAC (176.9 mg/l) than sun and oven dried calyx, the HPLC analysis revealed two anthocyanidin cyanidine glucoside and cyanidin glucoside. phytochemicals and proximate of roselle calyces were higher in freeze-dried than oven and sun drying techniques employed. The findings demonstrated that freeze drying the roselle calyces preserve their quality characteristics.
Diversity of medicinally important leafy vegetables used by the tribes in Balasore district of Odisha, India
Authors: Noor Niquehat , Satapathy Kunja Bihari
Published: August 2022

With an increase in the incidence and outbreak of several new diseases, plant-based medications are becoming increasingly popular owing to their low cost and fewer adverse effects. In this context, the leafy vegetables being enriched in nutritional and therapeutic value are in focus in order to uncover their hidden potential for human welfare. In this backdrop, the present study was undertaken in the Balasore district of Odisha, India to document the ethnomedicinally significant leafy vegetables consumed by the local tribes of the region. A total of 72 leafy vegetables belonging to 35 families under 69 genera were reported with ethnomedicinal uses. The data on information related to their uses was collected through scientifically structured questionnaires, interviews and close interactions with 192 informants. The results also included the determination of fidelity level (FL) along with factor informant consensus value (Fic). Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L., with a fidelity level of 98.77%, is the most commonly used medicinally potent leafy vegetable. Diabetes had a higher Factor Informant Consensus value (Fic) of 0.994, similar to the common cold and cough disease. The findings of the present study suggested that most of the underutilised leafy vegetables under study possessed curative values and needed further investigation to prove their efficacy against specific diseases reported. Furthermore, these leafy vegetables need immediate attention for their conservation and sustainable utilization and efforts should be made to safeguard the traditional knowledge of tribal communities, which is under threat of extinction.
Some integral inequalities for generalized left and right log convex interval-valued functions based upon the pseudo-order relation
Authors: Khan Muhammad Bilal , Noor Muhammad Aslam , Macías-Díaz Jorge E. , Soliman Mohamed S. , Zaini Hatim Ghazi
Published: August 2022

It is a well-known fact that inclusion and pseudo-order relations are two different concepts which are defined on the interval spaces, and we can define different types of convexities with the help of both relations. By means of pseudo-order relation, the present article deals with the new notions of convex functions which are known as left and right log-

s

s

-convex interval-valued functions (IVFs) in the second sense. The main motivation of this study is to present new inequalities for left and right log-

s

s

-convex-IVFs. Therefore, we establish some new Jensen-type, Hermite-Hadamard (HH)-type, and Hermite-Hadamard-Fejér (HH-Fejér)-type inequalities for this kind of IVF, which generalize some known results. To strengthen our main results, we provide nontrivial examples of left and right log-

s

s

-convex IVFs.
More properties of generalized open sets in generalized topological spaces
Authors: Sarsak Mohammad S.
Published: August 2022

Sarsak [M. S. Sarsak, On some properties of generalized open sets in generalized topological spaces, Demonstr. Math. 46 (2013), no. 2, 415–427] studied some properties of generalized open sets in generalized topological spaces (GTSs); the primary purpose of this article is to investigate more properties of generalized open sets in GTSs. We mainly study the behaviours of regular closed sets, semi-open sets, regular semi-open sets, preopen sets, and

β

\beta

-open sets in GTSs analogous to their behaviours in topological spaces.
Some recent results on singularp-Laplacian equations
Authors: Guarnotta Umberto , Livrea Roberto , Marano Salvatore A.
Published: August 2022

A short account of some recent existence, multiplicity, and uniqueness results for singularp-Laplacian problems either in bounded domains or in the whole space is performed, with a special attention to the case of convective reactions. An extensive bibliography is also provided.
Latin fieri and the Romance verb ‘to be’. Thoughts on the problem of “standard language bias” in historical reconstruction
Authors: Maiden Martin
Published: August 2022

This study examines the history of reflexes of Latin fieri ‘become’ in Romance, focusing particularly on Romanian, where this verb provides the subjunctive and some other forms of the verb ‘be’. Contrary to general assumptions, I offer comparative-historical evidence from other Daco-Romance varieties and from other branches of Romance that, in the earliest Daco-Romance, fieri had a different paradigmatic distribution from that of modern Romanian, and that most (conceivably all) forms of the subjunctive of this verb are in origin present indicative forms, which probably still conserved into early Daco-Romance the meaning ‘to become’. I argue that these findings demonstrate how our understanding of the mechanisms of language change is liable to be distorted by a “standard language bias” whereby, in the process of linguistic reconstruction, structures most familiar to us from the standard languages are tacitly or explicitly assumed to be ‘basic’ and ‘normal’. In illustration of this claim I will also sketch some other examples from Romance languages of the undesirable effects of such bias, showing how it can lead to misunderstandings of the history of the standard languages themselves, as well as of the history of their cognate varieties.
Les scriptae de l’ancien Velay : essai de caractérisation
Authors: Surrel Vincent
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study is to document the scriptae of the ancient Velay, a historical region belonging to the Northern Occitan linguistic space (Auvergne), which are not represented in the scriptological syntheses on Gallo-Romance. The critical updating of the inventory of texts produced in Velay, initiated by Pierre Nauton for his thesis published posthumously in 1974, allows us today to present the characteristic scriptological features of the written language of this area. Starting from the notion of contrastivity efficient in scriptology, we have in particular proceeded to the systematic comparison of lexemes and grammatical words of the Velay corpus with the lemmas of the DOM (Dictionnaire de l’occitan médiéval), which offers a minimal contrastive basis. From this, it is possible to highlight at least fifty-eight graphic, phonological and morphological features which are the clearest markers of the language of these texts. The results of this study are intended to place Velay in the linguistic historiography of the Gallo-Romance area in a historical perspective. The inventory of texts also provides evidence for a sociolinguistic history of the written varieties in North Occitan up to ca. 1600.
Accusativus cum Infinitivo y otras construcciones de infinitivo latinizante: caracterización sintáctica y uso en la literatura erasmiana doctrinal del siglo XVI
Authors: Del Rey Quesada Santiago
Published: August 2022

This article addresses the most important syntactic issues related to the imitative constructions of Latin Accusativus cum Infinitivo in Renaissance Spanish. I opt to subsume this label coming from Latin syntax under the more encompassing denomination of Latinising Infinitive, which refers to the use of infinitive constructions directly or indirectly inspired by syntactic schemes typical of classical, medieval or Renaissance Latin literature. Finally, some cases of Latinising Infinitive in a corpus of doctrinal prose written by 16th-century Erasmist authors are considered. The analysis aims to account for the difficulties of delimitation of the Latinising Infinitive in translated and non-translated texts, as well as to show that, in the consideration of syntactic Latinism, it is only possible to operate on a gradual conception that explains the existence of Latinisms with a more or less marked variational status within the domain of communicative distance.
The modal perfect: haya cantado and habré cantado in some varieties of modern Spanish
Authors: Azpiazu Susana
Published: August 2022

The numerous studies on the perfect compound form in Spanish lack a detailed analysis of the subjunctive and future forms (haya cantado and habré cantado), which under certain syntactic and pragmatic conditions are parallel to the indicative one, he cantado. Based on our knowledge of the Spanish indicative present perfect and its use in different Spanish-speaking areas, this paper deals with the distribution and functions of these two “modalised perfects” and their relationship with the corresponding simple forms (cantara and cantaría). The aim is to determine the extent to which these two pairs of forms are functionally and diatopically similar (or not) to the pair he cantado – canté. Our findings help us to better understand the functions of all simple and compound perfect forms in Spanish and their development in eight Spanish-speaking cities in Spain and the Americas.
Dérivés déanthroponymiques latins en ‑ānu/‑ānos dans la toponymie du département du Jura
Authors: Chambon Jean-Pierre
Published: August 2022

This contribution attempts to show that a small number of toponyms in Jura continues Latin derivatives in -ĀNU (most often inflected in the plural) based on nomina gentilicia in -ius. The use of this technique of formation has never been reported in this department. The author suggests that this characteristic Latin model of naming fundi spread in the southern part of the city of Sequanes from the Rhodanian Narbonensis, under the influence of Vienne. Its use denotes foundations and eponymous families who played a pioneering role in the process of romanization.
Inventari di beni mobili della Venezia medievale: spogli lessicali
Authors: Schweickard Wolfgang
Published: August 2022

From the point of view of the historical sciences, inventories of movable property constitute a particularly interesting type of text since they include more detailed information of the material realities of past epochs. The lexical study of 14th-century Venetian inventories carried out in the present paper provides relevant new evidence for Italian historical lexicography.
Maternal and neonatal characteristics that influence early neonatal deaths in a maternity teaching hospital
Authors: Dhahir Asmar , Alalaf Shahla
Published: August 2022

Background and objective: Low early neonatal death reflects health care progress in any country. We aimed to determine the prevalence of early neonatal deaths and the associated maternal and neonatal factors in a hospital-based study. Methods: This audit study was conducted on all newborns in the labor ward and neonatal intensive care unit of a maternity teaching hospital in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020. Fetal and maternal factors were determined and correlated with early neonatal deaths. Results: The early neonatal death rate was 6.7%. All categories of preterm deliveries (extreme, very, and moderate preterm) were significantly associated with early neonatal deaths (odds ratios [ORs] = 45.1, 6.2, and 2.1, respectively). The primiparous and grand multiparous women had a higher risk of early neonatal deaths (ORs = 8.4 and 13.0, respectively). Obese women had a higher risk of early neonatal deaths (OR = 3.3). The risk of early neonatal deaths was significantly high when the number of antenatal care visits was less than four (OR = 8.1). Delivery by cesarean section was associated with high risk (OR = 3.8). Regarding the Apgar scores in the first and fifth minutes after birth, early neonatal death was significantly higher among those with severely depressed scores. Conclusion: High parity, inadequate antenatal attendance, obesity, and mode of delivery, were contributing factors to early neonatal deaths. Early prenatal care can assist in the rapid identification and management of risk factors for early neonatal deaths. Keywords: Early neonatal death; Parity; Low birth weight; Maternal characteristics; Overweight.
Risk assessment and compliance with hospital guidelines for venous thromboprophylaxis after gynecological surgeries
Authors: Kareem Gzng , Alalaf Shahla
Published: August 2022

Background and objective: Venous thromboembolism after gynecological surgery is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the venous thromboembolism risk profile of women who underwent gynecological surgery at a tertiary hospital and review the prescribed venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. Methods: An audit review study was conducted on 490 women who underwent major and minor gynecological surgeries at the Maternity Teaching Hospital, Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, from 1st December 2019 to 31st December 2020, regarding their risk of developing postoperative venous thromboembolism using the 2013 modified Caprini venous thromboembolism risk assessment model to determine their risk and the correct thromboprophylaxis prescription. Results: According to appropriate thromboprophylaxis administration of low molecular weight heparin, it was administered to two-thirds of the women. It was sufficient in 33.1% of the women, and only 8.2% of the women received it for the correct duration. The probability of incorrect decision was higher for the major surgeries than for minor surgeries [odds ratio (OR) = 15.5; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) =3.01–80.1]. Moderate risk carried a much higher probability of an incorrect decision than low risk (OR = 196.8; 95%CI = 30.4–1270.5), whereas the association with high risk was not significant. When low molecular weight heparin was administered, there was a higher probability of a wrong decision than when low molecular weight heparin was not administered (OR = 26.4; 95%CI = 7.1–97.6). Conclusion: The gynecologists' adherence to venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after major and minor gynecological surgeries at the hospital mandates more training for all healthcare providers. Keywords: Audit; Thromboprophylaxis; Caprini RAM 2013; Adherence to guidelines; Gynecological surgery.
Essential oil from Oliveria decumbens accelerates in vivo wound healing: a possible mechanism by the involvement of glycogen synthase kinase-3
Authors: Amin Zahra , Sofi Sargul , Al-Bustany Hazem , Nuraddin Sheila
Published: August 2022

Background and objective: The development of new products for skin care and wound treatment is continuous, and herbal medicine plays an important role in the treatments. Oliveria decumbens, a plant from the family Apiaceae, has been reported to enclose many pharmacological properties. This study aimed to detect the effect of the essential oil of Oliveria decumbens as an antibacterial and wound healing agent. Methods: The antibacterial properties of Oliveria decumbens were studied by the disk diffusion method. In addition, the excision model of wound healing was applied to rats, and the AutoDock method was used to study the mechanism of action. Results: The essential oil extracted from Oliveria decumbens showed antibacterial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and the wound healing effect was comparable to the standard skin cream. Thymol was predicted to be the strongest binder of GSK-3 protein active site forming the most stable complex with hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction. The second-best binders were P-Cymene, Limonene, Gamma-Terpinene, and Carvacrol. Conclusion: The observed data backed the original claim of antibacterial and wound healing properties of Oliveria decumbens extracted essential oil. Keywords: Oliveria decumbens; Wound healing; Disk diffusion; AutoDock Vina method.
Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of patients after recovery from COVID-19 infection in Erbil government, Iraq
Authors: Barzinji Ali , Jaff Hamanajm , Ismael Sherzad
Published: August 2022

Background and objective: Preliminary reports indicate some patients may develop a post-COVID-19 syndrome, in which they experience persistent symptoms after recovering from their initial illness. So, we investigated the persistent symptoms of patients after recovery from COVID-19 that attended a private clinic in Erbil city searching for care. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the demographic features of the patients, identify the clinical features of the patients after recovery and find associations between clinical and demographic features. Methods: This is a case series of a private clinic study, which was done in Erbil city. We reviewed patients who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 and were referred to the clinic from July 31st to December 1st, 2020, in Erbil, Iraq. Results: In this study, 154 post-recovered COVID-19 patients who attended the center during the six months of the study were enrolled. The mean age of the patients significantly increased with increased severity (P <0.001). A significant statistical association was also found between marital and smoking status with the severity of post-COVID-19 in which married patients developed more severe cases than non-married patients (P = 0.03). Also, cigarette smokers developed less severe clinical features than non-smokers (P = 0.005). The most frequent comorbidity among patients was hypertension (23%), while the least comorbidity was stroke, hyperthyroidism, renal failure, migraine, and osteoarthritis (0.7%). Conclusion: Significant statistical associations were found between the severity of the post-COVID-19 condition with many variables, including the mean age of the patients, marital status, and smoking status. The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension, and the least frequent was stroke. Keywords: Post-COVID-19 syndrome; Case series study; Comorbidity; Erbil city.
Impact of iron replacement therapy on six minutes walking test (functional state) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and iron deficiency
Authors: Ismael Hemn , Habeeb Mudhafar
Published: August 2022

Background and objective: Iron deficiency may impair aerobic performance. This study aimed to assess whether intravenous iron (ferric carboxymaltose) will improve symptoms in patients with heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and iron deficiency or not, depending on serum ferritin or transferrin saturation with or without anemia. Methods: We enrolled 100 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (less than 40%) and iron deficiency (serum ferritin less than 100 ng/ml, or between 100-299 ng/ml but transferrin saturation less than 20%). The patient received an intravenous iron supplement of ferric carboxymaltose (1000-2500mg) until the correction of their iron status. We checked the 6-minute walking test, New York Heart Association functional class, and ejection fraction for each patient at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after intervention. Results: Our study showed a significant improvement in the patient's functional status. The 6-minute walking test, New York Heart Association functional class, improved significantly in patients at 12 weeks and continues to improve beyond 24 weeks with or without anemia. The left ventricular ejection fraction in our study was not improved significantly. Conclusion: Treatment with intravenous iron supplement (ferric carboxymaltose) in patients with chronic stable heart failure and iron deficiency, with or without anemia, improves symptoms, functional capacity, and quality of life. Keywords: Iron replacement therapy; Six minute walking test; Heart failure; Ejection fraction; Iron deficiency.
Role of videonystagmography and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in the diagnosis of vestibular migraine
Authors: Mohammed Zana
Published: August 2022

Background and objective: Vestibular migraine is widely accepted as a unique disease, although its pathophysiology remains uncertain. When the patient is asymptomatic, vestibular migraine is often challenging to diagnose as its many symptoms overlap with other conditions. This study aimed to assess the role of videonystagmography and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials tests in diagnosing vestibular migraine. Methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 30 patients clinically diagnosed with vestibular migraine in the Audiology Center in Sulaimani City. The study duration was from December 1st, 2018, to June 30th, 2019. The author interpreted magnetic resonance imaging, videonystagmography, and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential results. Results: The patients' mean age was 34.9 years with a high predominance of the female gender. Vertigo was the main complaint of the patients (73.4%) with the recurrent course. A family history of migraine was present in 83.3% of the patients. Only two (6.7%) patients had abnormal findings on the brain magnetic resonance imaging. Videonystagmography examination showed that 40% of the patients had abnormal findings; 20% were abnormal on the left, 16.7% were abnormal on the right, and 3.3% were bilaterally abnormal. The cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials test was abnormal for 63.3% of the patients; 43.3% abnormality was on the left side, and 20% was on the right side. Conclusion: The cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and videonystagmography tests are helpful in the diagnosis of vestibular migraine. Keywords: Vestibular migraine; Video nystagmography; Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials.
Evaluation of anterior knee pain by MRI in Erbil city, Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Azo Mohammad Amien Haveen
Published: August 2022

Background and objective: Anterior knee pain is a common reason for consultation due to knee pathology among teenagers and young adults. Knowledge of the radiological appearance of the abnormalities allows a more accurate diagnosis of the cause of the pain. This study aimed to determine the causes of anterior knee pain and assess the role of MRI in evaluating cases of anterior knee pain and achieving accurate diagnosis and grading of some of the most common pathologies. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 115 patients suffering from knee joint pain, referred to the radiology department, Rizgari Teaching Hospital from the rheumatology or orthopedic outpatient clinics, or private clinics between March 2017 and January 2020. Only 34 patients had anterior knee pain. All patients underwent an MRI examination. Results: MRI examination was carried out for 34 knees of 115 patients with anterior knee pain, including 13 males (38.24%) and 21 females (61.76%). The mean age of the patients was 31 years (range 14-52 years). Most of the cases presented clinically with AKP, and four cases presented with a history of pain after trauma. Twelve cases (35.29%) had patella Alta while two cases (5.8%) had patella Baja. Trochlear dysplasia was reported in seven cases (20.58%), and type C was the most common trochlear dysplasia, which was seen in four cases out of seven (57.14%). Patellar maltracking was seen in eightcases(23.52 %), tilt of the patella in 10 cases (29.41%), and a combination of patellar tilt, Alta, and maltracking was seen in eight cases (23.52%). Six cases (17.64%) showed a combination between trochlear dysplasia, patellar tilt, and maltracking. Thirty one patients (91.17%) showed signs of patellofemoral arthrosis, and joint effusion was seen in 30 patients (88.23%). Suprapatellarplica was seen in two cases (5.40%). Conclusion: The most common cause of anterior knee pain is patellofemoral instability, either due to abnormal morphology /or joint geometry or post-traumatic, and it is occasionally caused by a serious underlying systemic disease, including inflammatory conditions and malignancies. MRI offers superior soft tissue contrast resolution and allows a more accurate evaluation of the underlying etiology. Keywords: Knee joint; Pain; MRI; Evaluation.
Clinical manifestation of Helicobacter pylori infection and its association with gastric adenocarcinoma in gastritis patients in Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Salaim Tavga , Balaky Salah , Al-Rawi Rafal , Abdulla Saman , Mawlood Ahang , Jawhar Nazar , Delmany Abdulla
Published: August 2022

Background and objective: Helicobacter pylori can be regarded as one of the most common causes of chronic gastritis, which affects more than half of the world’s population. This study aimed to assess the presence of H. pylori in patients with gastritis and its association with gastric inflammation and adenocarcinoma. Methods: The presence of H. pylori was detected by rapid urease test and histopathological tests using biopsy specimens. Data were analyzed using the GraphPad Software Statistical Package. Results: The mean age of patients ± SD was 47.41 ± 18.13 years. The age range was 13 to 90 years. Results showed a significant association between the intensity of H. pylori and inflammation (P = 0.001). The more the intensity of H. pylori, the more severe the inflammation was noticed. Patients with high intensity of H. pylori had positive lymphoid aggregates. The H. pylori positive for the rapid urease test and the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining test were 95.2% and 96.3%, respectively. H. pylori infection was detected in more than 85% of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Histopathology and rapid urease tests are reliable diagnostic tools for detecting H. pylori. Results revealed a significant association of chronic active gastritis, mucosal lymphoid follicle formation, and adenocarcinoma with H. pylori infection. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; Histopathology; Gastric adenocarcinoma; Gastritis.
Management of cystic duct stone(s) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Muhammed Balen
Published: August 2022

Background and objective: Although cholecystectomy relieves symptoms in the majority of cases, still a significant number of patients suffer from the post-cholecystectomy syndrome. Cystic duct remnant calculi is a causative factor of the post-cholecystectomy syndrome. Cystic duct stones are not infrequently encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomies. This study aimed to present our experience of patients with calculi of the cystic duct that successfully dealt with laparoscopically. Methods: This study was conducted on 4000 cases of chronic calculous cholecystitis at Rizgary Teaching Hospital from January 2010 to November 2020. Results: Cystic duct stones were detected in 397 cases. A single stone was found within the cystic duct in 301 patients (75.8%) and multiple stones in 96 patients (24.2%). The cystic duct was reported to be wider than normal in 368 cases (92.7%) and near to normal in 29 cases (7.30%). We recorded two cases (0.5%) of concomitant common bile duct stones with cystic duct stones. Our procedure for dealing with cystic duct stone was successful in 372cases (93.7%). Milking the stone back to the gall bladder was successful in 15 cases (3.80%). In eight cases (2.00%), we were obliged to convert the procedure to open cholecystectomy. Since peroperative cholangiography and choledcoscopy are not available in our hospital, the associated common bile duct stone in two cases (0.50%) was postponed and dealt with later on. Post-operative recovery was uneventful, apart from one patient who developed features of acute cholangitis. Conclusion: Cystic duct stones are not infrequent, as was believed earlier. Their preoperative detection may be difficult, but it can be detected easily peroperatively. Its detection and retrieval are mandatory to decrease the incidence of post-cholecystectomy phenomena. Keywords: Gall bladder; Laparoscopy; Cholecystectomy; Cystic duct stones.
Comparison of Polysomnography and Cardiopulmonary Coupling in the Diagnosis of Insomnia, Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, or Comorbidity, a Pilot Study
Authors: Gui-Hai Chen , Xuan Song , Yi-Jun Ge , Chen-Guang Yang , Ping Zhang , Ting Hu , Xiao-Yi Kong , Jun He
Published: August 2022

Objective: To verify the reliability of cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) technology to diagnose chronic insomnia disorder (CID), obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and comorbid OSA with insomnia (COI). Methods: Data from 161 patients suffering from the three conditions were collected, and objective sleep status was assessed simultaneously by CPC and polysomnography (PSG). These patients were diagnosed according to the clinical symptoms and PSG results. The general data of the three groups were compared, and the agreement of AHI and sleep parameters between CPC and PSG was analysed by Bland-Altman agreement plots. Results: We found that, when AHI (events/h) ≥ 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 were used as the conditions for the diagnosis of OSA, the sensitivity was 82.7%, 63.5%, 67.3%, 84.6%, 71.9% and 61.5%; the specificity was 61.6%, 63.3%, 73.4%, 84.4%, 82.9% and 84.4%; and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.792, 0.735, 0.787, 0.889, 0.884 and 0.861, respectively. Bland-Altman agreement plots for the sleep parameters were measured by PSG and CPC. Although 95% of the points of some graphs were within the consistency range, they were beyond the professionally acceptable threshold range. Conclusion: As a tool for rapid screening of OSA patients, the overall performance of CPC is acceptable in subjects with clinical suspicion of OSA, but the clinical interpretation of sleep parameter results obtained with CPC must be cautious, especially in insomnia state.
Helmet Use in Preventing Head Injuries in Bicycling, Snow Sports, and Other Recreational Activities and Sports
Authors: Lee Lois K. , Flaherty Michael R. , Blanchard Ashley M. , Agarwal Maneesha ,   THE COUNCIL ON INJURY, VIOLENCE, AND POISON PREVENTION
Published: August 2022

Bicycling, snow sports, and other recreational activities and sports are important activities to keep children and youth active as part of a healthy lifestyle. These activities can be associated with serious and fatal head and facial injuries. Helmets, when worn correctly, are effective in decreasing head injuries and fatalities related to these activities. Legislation for helmet use is effective in increasing helmet use in children and, ultimately, in decreasing deaths and head and facial injuries. A multipronged strategy employing legislation, enforcement of laws, and medical clinicians and community programs is important for increasing helmet use to decrease deaths and injuries from recreational sports.
Среднее профессиональное образование в России
Authors: Шугаль Николай , Кузнецова Вера , Кузьмичева Любовь , Озерова Ольга , Шкалева Елена
Published: August 2022

В издании рассматриваются различные аспекты развития среднего профессионального образования в Российской Федерации. Представлен обзор статистических данных, характеризующих охват населения программами среднего профессионального образования, финансирование среднего профессионального образования, динамику сети, инфраструктуру, педагогические кадры, цифровизацию образовательных организаций, реализующих программы среднего профессионального образования. Приводятся сведения об участии студентов в чемпионатах «Молодые профессионалы» (WorldSkills Russia), олимпиадах, конкурсах профессионального мастерства. По отдельным показателям сведения представлены по отраслевой специализации и размеру образовательных организаций, а также в сравнении с зарубежными странами. При подготовке публикации использовались данные Минпросвещения России (результаты федерального статистического наблюдения и мониторинга качества подготовки кадров в образовательных организациях, реализующих программы среднего профессионального образования), Минобрнауки России, Росстата, Федерального казначейства, база данных Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития (ОЭСР), а также собственные методологические и аналитические разработки Института статистических исследований и экономики знаний НИУ ВШЭ.
Application and Research Progress of Heat Pipe in Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors:   School of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan 450045, CHINA, Ning Yilin , Tao Renyi , Luo Jiaqi , Hu Qianchao
Published: August 2022

Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density, high average output voltage, long service life, and environmental protection, and are widely used in the power system of new energy vehicles. However, during the working process of the battery, the working temperature is too high or too low, which will affect the charging and discharging performance, battery capacity and battery safety. As a result, a battery thermal management system (BTMS) is essential to maintain the proper ambient temperature of the working battery. Thermal management of power batteries is a key technology to ensure maximum battery safety and efficiency. This paper discusses the significance of thermal management technology in the development of new energy vehicles, introduces the main technical means of thermal management of lithium-ion batteries for vehicle, and focuses on the current state of research on the use of various types of heat pipes in lithium-ion batteries. Finally, the use of heat pipes in the thermal control of lithium-ion batteries is promising.
ALMANYA’DAN TÜRKİYE’YE GELEN NİTELİKLİ GÖÇMENLERİN KARŞILAŞTIKLARI SOSYOEKONOMİK SORUNLAR
Authors: Küçük Ahmet , Keskin Yahya
Published: August 2022

Türk-Alman göç geçmişinde 2000’li yılların başlarında yaşanan Türkiye’ye yönelik nitelikli göç olgusu, Türkiye'nin aslında Almanya’ya ilk işçileri gönderirken amaçladığı bir hedefti. Ancak 40 yıl sonra gerçekleşti bu beklenti ve Türkiye’ye çok ciddi sayıda nitelikli göçmen geldi. Bu gelen nitelikli göçmenlerin Almanya’dan hangi nedenlerle Türkiye’ye geldikleri konusu birçok çalışma ile araştırılmış olmasına rağmen Türkiye’ye geldiklerinde karşılaştıkları sosyoekonomik sorunlar henüz yeterli derecede araştırma konusu edilmemiştir. Oysa Türkiye'nin sosyoekonomik kalkınması açısından çok önemli roller üstlenebilecek bu nitelikli göçmenlerin Türkiye’ye geldiklerinde yaşadıkları süreci aydınlatmak, Türkiye açısından, en az Almanya’dan gelmelerinin ardında yatan nedenleri araştırmak kadar önemlidir. Bu çalışma ile Türkiye’ye gelen bu ikinci ve üçüncü nesil nitelikli Türk veya Türk kökenli Alman göçmenlerin ne tür sosyoekonomik sorunlarla karşı karşıya kaldıklarını ve bu sorunların onların tekrar Almanya’ya dönmelerinde ne kadar etkili olduğunu tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır.