bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning on Edge
Authors: Véstias Mário P.
Published: February 2020

Deep learning on edge has been attracting the attention of researchers and companies looking to provide solutions for the deployment of machine learning computing at the edge. A clear understanding of the design challenges and the application requirements are fundamental to understand the requirements of the next generation of edge devices to run machine learning inference. This chapter reviews several aspects of deep learning: applications, deep learning models, and computing platforms. The way deep learning is being applied to edge devices is described. A perspective of the models and computing devices being used for deep learning on edge are given, as well as what challenges face the hardware designers to guarantee the vast set of tight constraints like performance, power consumption, flexibility, etc. of edge computing platforms. Finally, a trends overview of deep learning models and architectures is discussed.
An In-Depth Study of Mobile Ticketing Services in Urban Passenger Transport
Authors: Campos Ferreira Marta , Galvão Dias Teresa , Falcão e Cunha João
Published: February 2020

This chapter presents an in-depth study of the current situation of mobile ticketing services in the context of urban passenger transport, and points out future trends and directions that will define forthcoming versions of mobile ticketing services. It defines mobile ticketing services and presents the technologies most used to deliver these solutions. This is complemented by a survey of research studies and experiences of deployments in a real environment. The mobile ticketing ecosystem is then deeply explored, where key players are identified as well as their key drivers and concerns regarding mobile ticketing services. Finally, future trends and research opportunities regarding mobile ticketing solutions are presented.
Scenarios for a Smart Tourism Destination Transformation
Authors: Lanquar Robert Germain
Published: February 2020

Reluctance and even resistance for the city transformation into a smart tourism destination (STD) may occur on the edge field of smart systems, even if over time, often with political changes, this resistance breaks down. This situation is occurring in Cordoba (Spain) which held the record of four inscriptions in the World Heritage Lists granted by UNESCO. The concept of smart tourism is recent. As a research domain, it is only emerging. So, few analyses and case studies were elaborated on it. This chapter shows how this reluctance is coming from stakeholders and how the transformation of Cordoba into a smart destination can be made harmoniously. Three scenarios are possible for this transformation either following actual tendencies or looking for two other paths, the green one or the intercultural one; how it could be done and its impacts on the City and the Province of Cordoba's economy, society, culture, and environment.
Gamification as a Tool for Smart Tourism
Authors: Araújo Vila Noelia , Cardoso Lucília , Toubes Diego R. , Pereira Alexandra Matos
Published: February 2020

New technologies have helped to improve the tourism sector and to develop strategies that resulted in the so-called smart destinations, underpinned and transformed by modern information and communication technologies (ICTs). Besides, tourism is a global market that continuously seeks mechanisms to grab tourists' and visitors' attention. In view of that, in recent decades, the gamification concept has acquired new definitions from different perspectives, but always associated with the idea of leisure. In tourism, gamification is related with experiences, which by using game elements and digital game design techniques (virtual reality or augmented reality, among others) improve the tourist experience and the user's engagement. This chapter addresses gamification and its influence on tourism experience, together with some gamification applications' examples that can be effective mechanisms to promote tourism businesses or tourism destinations, raising engagement and generating trust.
An Eye Tracking Study of the Effect of Sensory and Price In-Store Displays
Authors: Rodrigues Clarinda , Brandão Amélia Maria Pinto da Cunha , Macedo António Filipe Teixeira , Baskaran Karthikeyan
Published: February 2020

Using eye tracking, this chapter investigates if the visual attention varies according to the in-store displays message content (price, sensory, and price-sensory). Results show that participants are more responsive to cognitive content messages (price) than affective messages (sensory) alone. Nevertheless, it is demonstrated that participants are prone to devote more time processing in-store displays messages if prices (cognitive stimuli) are combined with sensory messages (affective stimuli), which increases the likelihood of choosing low involvement products. Finally, it was demonstrated that total fixation duration is predictive of low involvement product choice for all home décor products. This study suggests that shoppers might spend more time and effort searching for low involvement products if in-store displays captivate their visual attention and elicit their sensory imagery. Sensory messages can be used by retailers to highlight product intrinsic characteristics. At the same time, they are inducing positive feelings towards low-involvement products.
Future Research Directions in Sensory Marketing
Authors: Elmashhara Maher Georges , Elbishbishy Nada
Published: February 2020

Although retail atmospherics has been an active field of study, further research is needed to address the role that sensory marketing plays in the retailing sector. This chapter presents a review of previous research and discusses the effect of visual, sound, and olfactory atmospherics on shopping outcomes. The interaction among these variables and their common impact on consumer behavior is also explored. The chapter expands and enriches the literature on retail atmospherics and discusses future research avenues. Further research will help retailers pay attention to the crucial role of sensory environment in shaping the customer experience and shopping behavior.
The Role of Social Commerce Components on the Consumer Decision-Making Process
Authors: Kutabish Saleh Mohammed , Soares Ana Maria
Published: February 2020

Rapid changes in commerce, technology, and consumer behaviour are leading businesses to shift their online activities. The popularity of social media pushed online merchants to integrate these platforms into their online presence, leading to the rise of social commerce. Consumers' interaction and participation online create a massive amount of information. The use of social commerce components facilitates the interaction of consumers by sharing their experiences and learning from others' experiences. In this chapter, the authors look at how this process has impacts throughout the consumer decision-making process when making a purchase and suggests directions for future research.
Cause-Related Marketing and Consumer Buying Behavior
Authors: Nair Suja Ravindran
Published: February 2020

The concept of cause-related marketing (CRM) has been in vogue since the past few decades and involves marketing activities carried out with the purpose ‘to be successful in addressing worthwhile social causes', through collaboration with charitable organizations that help to increase profitability along with bettering the society, in mutually beneficial ways. This implies a social dimension in this cause-related buying. While this is a good social initiative with many factors that influence consumer choice and purchase of cause-related products, there are also many challenges such as consumer skepticism, etc., which mar CRM's success and effectiveness. Through review of extant literature, this study purposes to examine factors and variables influencing CRM and the challenges impeding its effectiveness and suggests ways to overcome these. Furthermore, to gauge an understanding on its practical application, two case studies on CRM campaigns conducted in two different (developing and developed) markets are also discussed.
Teaching and Learning
Authors: Sahu Jogindra Nath , Awasthi Ankita , Saxena Kuldeep Kumar
Published: February 2020

Teaching is not only a profession. But this is a noble cause of educating and building the society through imparting knowledge. This knowledge makes the students skilled, conceptually and technically, to achieve their goals in life. Present teaching-learning methodology is more concerned with laboratory experiments and hands-on practice with the purpose of learning through real-time simulation exercise around the whole globe. All education authorities are more concerned towards making the students not only educated but employable also. Teachers are playing a major role in adding skills and values for the betterment of students, society, environment, and economy.
Modern Pedagogy Tools in Engineering Education
Authors: Srinivas J.
Published: February 2020

Engineering pedagogical techniques have received wide attention in recent times. Various fields of engineering have acquainted with progressive teaching methods and training techniques. The concept of pedagogy now has different dimensions. Along with modern challenges in industries, the teaching approaches have been modified in several respects. Earlier teacher training programs are to be upgraded with modern pedagogical concepts. This chapter brings out an introduction and a few application courses following the pedagogical engineering approaches. The concepts of technological pedagogical content knowledge and constructive pedagogy are summarized.
Implementation of Outcome-Based Education for a Course
Authors: Buddi Tanya , Akkireddy Anitha Lakshmi , Jyothi U. S.
Published: February 2020

Outcome-based education (OBE) is a learning theory based on objectives that derive outcomes for each portion of an instructional scheme. Every student has to accomplish the objectives at the end of the instructional experience. OBE is not limited to well-defined teaching or direct assessment strategies but involves indirect assessments to assist the learners in the attainment of defined outcomes. In this chapter, a case study on a course is described in all aspects of direct and indirect assessments. Initially, a correlation between programme outcomes (POs) and course outcomes (COs) is established duly analyzing the impact of CO on PO. The evaluation of COs using assessment tools are well-defined. The CO attainment percentage is evaluated using statistical methodologies, and the same is categorized to high, medium, and low-level attainments. The achieved level of attainments is correlated to Pos, and the same is adapted for all the courses in order to initiate the corrective action for further improvements in successive years.
Practical Implementation of Assessment Activities for Deep Learning
Authors: Adnan Noor Liza , Abdullah Wan Karomiah Wan , Muda Rokiah , Sallem Nur Raihana Mohd
Published: February 2020

Student assessment would influence the quality of the graduates produced. However, many assessment strategies are found to inhibit this intention. As such, this chapter proposes a few assessment activities, along with their practical implementation, that may encourage deep learning among students in the learning of management accounting subjects. This chapter reviews previous literature, focusing on the characteristics of effective assessment activities that suit the nature of the Millennial. Five assessment activities, namely test/quiz, case study, field study, simulated enterprise, and classroom activities, are proposed. A questionnaire evaluating the preferences of the students and lecturers on how the proposed activities could be implemented was adapted. The chapter elaborates on the practical implementation of the five proposed assessment activities believed to engage students' learning so they become deep learners. A future research project is also put forth.
Assessment of Higher Order Thinking Skills
Authors: Adeshola Ibrahim , Abubakar A. Mohammed
Published: February 2020

Nowadays students have desires for practical, individualized learning, immediate feedback, exciting and engaging instructional contents, advanced technology, and most importantly relevant information. As a result, most institutions are now adopting digital assessment to meet the students' demand. This chapter presents several digital assessment techniques and the respective tools. Challenges and opportunities for several types of digital formative and summative assessments are highlighted.
Large deviations for dynamical systems with stretched exponential decay of correlations
Authors: Aimino Romain , Freitas Jorge Milhazes
Published: February 2020

We obtain large deviations estimates for systems with stretched exponential decay of correlations, which improve the ones previously obtained in the literature. As a consequence we obtain better large deviations estimates for Viana maps and get large deviations estimates for a class of intermittent maps with stretched exponential loss of memory.
A noninequality for the fractional gradient
Authors: Spector Daniel
Published: February 2020

In this paper we give a streamlined proof of an inequality recently obtained by the author: For every

\alpha \in (0,1)

there exists a constant

C=C(\alpha,d) > 0

such that

\|u\|_{L^{d/(d-\alpha),1}(\mathbb{R}^d)} \leq C \| D^\alpha u\|_{L^1(\mathbb{R}^d;\mathbb{R}^d)}

for all

u \in L^q(\mathbb{R}^d)

for some

1 \leq q < d/(1-\alpha)

such that

D^\alpha u:=\nabla I_{1-\alpha} u \in L^1(\mathbb{R}^d;\mathbb{R}^d)

. We also give a counterexample which shows that in contrast to the case

\alpha =1

, the fractional gradient does not admit an

L^1

trace inequality, i.e.

\| D^\alpha u\|_{L^1(\mathbb{R}^d;\mathbb{R}^d)}

cannot control the integral of

u

with respect to the Hausdorff content

\mathcal{H}^{d-\alpha}_\infty

. The main substance of this counterexample is a result of interest in its own right, that even a weak-type estimate for the Riesz transforms fails on the space

L^1(\mathcal{H}^{d-\beta}_\infty)

,

\beta \in [1,d)

. It is an open question whether this failure of a weak-type estimate for the Riesz transforms extends to

\beta \in (0,1)

.
Low cost, highly sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of arsenic (III) using silane grafted based nanocomposite
Authors: Lalmalsawmi Jongte , Zirlianngura  , Tiwari Diwakar , Lee Seung-Mok
Published: February 2020

Novel silane grafted bentonite was obtained using the natural bentonite as precursor material. The material which is termed as nanocomposite was characterized by the Fourier Transform Infra-red (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The surface imaging and elemental mapping was performed using Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM/EDX) technique. The electroanalytical studies were performed using the nanocomposite electrode. The electroactive surface area of nanocomposite electrode was significantly increased than the pristine bentonite or bare carbon paste based working electrode. The impedance spectroscopic studies were conducted to simulate the equivalent circuit and Nyquist plots were drawn for the carbon paste electrode and nanocomposite electrodes. A single step oxidation/reduction process occurred for As(III) having ΔE value 0.36 V at pH 2.0. The anodic stripping voltammetry was performed for concentration dependence studies of As(III) (0.5 to 20.0 μg/L) and reasonably a good linear relationship was obtained. The detection limit of the As(III) detection was calculated as 0.00360±0.00002 μg/L having with observed relative standard deviations (RSD) less than 4%. The presence of several cations and anions has not affected the detection of As(III) however, the presence of Cu(II) and Mn(II) affected the detection of As(III). The selectivity of As(III) was achieved using the Tlawng river water sample spiked with As(III).
Resgatando a classe sob as lentes do materialismo histórico
Authors: Pastore Victor
Published: February 2020

Resenha do livro A classe trabalhadora: de Marx ao nosso tempo (2019), de Marcelo Badaró Mattos.
Mapeando controvérsias: uma resenha
Authors: Floriano Guilherme De Matos
Published: February 2020

Resenha do livro "Cogitamus" de Bruno Latour, publicado em 2016 pela Editora 34.
Response of middle atmospheric temperature to the 27 d solar cycle: an analysis of 13 years of microwave limb sounder data
Authors: Rong Piao , von Savigny Christian , Zhang Chunmin , Hoffmann Christoph G. , Schwartz Michael J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. This work focuses on studying the presence and characteristics of 27 d solar signatures in middle atmospheric temperature observed by the microwave limb sounder (MLS) on NASA's Aura spacecraft. The 27 d signatures in temperature are extracted using the superposed epoch analysis (SEA) technique. We use time-lagged linear regression (sensitivity analysis) and a Monte Carlo test method (significance test) to explore the dependence of the results on latitude and altitude, solar activity, and season, as well as on different parameters (e.g., smoothing filter, window width and epoch centers). Using different parameters does impact the results to a certain degree, but it does not affect the overall results. Analyzing the 13-year data set shows that highly significant 27 d solar signatures in middle atmospheric temperature are present at many altitudes and latitudes. A tendency to higher temperature sensitivity to solar forcing in the winter hemisphere compared to the summer hemisphere is found. In addition, the sensitivity of temperature to 27 d solar forcing tends to be larger at high latitudes than at low latitudes. For 11-year solar minimum conditions no statistically significant identification of a 27 d solar signature is possible at most altitudes and latitudes. Several results we obtained suggest that processes other than solar variability drive atmospheric temperature variability at periods around 27 d. Comparisons of the obtained sensitivity values with earlier experimental and model studies show good overall agreement.
Atmospheric fate of two relevant unsaturated ketoethers: kinetics, products and mechanisms for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with (E)-4-methoxy-3-buten-2-one and 1-(E)-1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-penten-3-one
Authors: Gibilisco Rodrigo Gastón , Barnes Ian , Bejan Iustinian Gabriel , Wiesen Peter
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of hydroxyl radicals with two unsaturated methoxy-ketones at (298 ± 3) K and 1 atm of synthetic air have been studied for the first time using the relative rate technique in an environmental reaction chamber by in situ FTIR spectrometry. The rate coefficients obtained using propene and isobutene as reference compounds were (in units of 10–10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1) as follows: k1(OH + (E)-4-methoxy-3-buten-2-one) = (1.42 ± 0.12), and k2(OH + 1-(E)-1-methoxy-2-methyl-1-penten-3-one) = (3.34 ± 0.43). In addition, quantification of the main oxidation products has been performed and degradation mechanisms for these reactions were developed. The formation products and kinetic data confirm that the reactions proceed mainly via an addition of the OH radical to the double bond. Gas phase products, identified and quantified from these reactions, are carbonyls like methyl formate, methyl glyoxal and 2,3-pentanedione and long-lived nitrogen containing compounds such as PAN and PPN. Atmospheric lifetimes and the ozone formation potential have been estimated and possible atmospheric implications assessed.
Particulate trace metal dynamics in response to increased CO2 and iron availability in a coastal mesocosm experiment
Authors: Lorenzo M. Rosario , Segovia María , Cullen Jay T. , Maldonado María T.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide are causing
ocean acidification and will influence marine processes and trace metal
biogeochemistry. In June 2012, in the Raunefjord (Bergen, Norway), we performed a
mesocosm experiment, comprised of a fully factorial design of ambient and
elevated pCO2 and/or an addition of the siderophore desferrioxamine B
(DFB). In addition, the macronutrient concentrations were manipulated to
enhance a bloom of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. We report the changes in
particulate trace metal concentrations during this experiment. Our results
show that particulate Ti and Fe were dominated by lithogenic material, while
particulate Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, Mo and Cd had a strong biogenic component.
Furthermore, significant correlations were found between particulate
concentrations of Cu, Co, Zn, Cd, Mn, Mo and P in seawater and
phytoplankton biomass (µgC L−1), supporting a significant
influence of the bloom in the distribution of these particulate elements.
The concentrations of these biogenic metals in the E. huxleyi bloom were ranked as follows: Zn < Cu ≈ Mn < Mo < Co < Cd. Changes in CO2 affected total particulate concentrations and
biogenic metal ratios (Me : P) for some metals, while the addition of DFB only
significantly affected the concentrations of some particulate metals (mol L−1). Variations in CO2 had the most clear and significant effect
on particulate Fe concentrations, decreasing its concentration under high
CO2. Indeed, high CO2 and/or DFB promoted the dissolution of
particulate Fe, and the presence of this siderophore helped in maintaining high
dissolved Fe. This shift between particulate and dissolved Fe
concentrations in the presence of DFB, promoted a massive bloom of E. huxleyi in the
treatments with ambient CO2. Furthermore, high CO2 decreased the
Me : P ratios of Co, Zn and Mn while increasing the Cu : P ratios. These
findings support theoretical predictions that the molar ratios of metal to phosphorous (Me : P ratios) of metals
whose seawater dissolved speciation is dominated by free ions (e.g., Co, Zn
and Mn) will likely decrease or stay constant under ocean acidification. In
contrast, high CO2 is predicted to shift the speciation of dissolved
metals associated with carbonates such as Cu, increasing their
bioavailability and resulting in higher Me : P ratios.
Optimality-Based Non-Redfield Plankton-Ecosystem Model (OPEMv1.0) in the UVic-ESCM 2.9. Part I: Implementation and ModelBehaviour
Authors: Pahlow Markus , Chien Chia-Te , Arteaga Lionel A. , Oschlies Andreas
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Uncertainties in projections from Earth system models (ESMs) are associated to a large degree with the imperfect representation of the marine plankton ecosystem, in particular the physiology of primary and secondary producers. Here we describe the implementation of an optimality-based plankton-ecosystem model (OPEM) with variable C:N:P stoichiometry in the University of Victoria ESM (UVic) and the behaviour of two calibrated reference configurations, which differ in the assumed temperature dependence of diazotrophs. Predicted tracer distributions of oxygen and dissolved inorganic nutrients are similar to those of an earlier fixed-stoichiometry model (Keller et al., 2012). Compared to the classic fixed-stoichiometry model, OPEM is closer to recent satellite-based estimates of net community production (NCP), despite overestimating net primary production (NPP), can better reproduce deep-ocean gradients in the NO3:PO43− ratio, and partially explains observed patterns of particulate C:N:P in the surface ocean. Allowing diazotrophs to grow (but not necessarily fix N2) at similar temperatures as other phytoplankton results in a better representation of surface Chl and NPP in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans. Deficiencies of our calibrated OPEM configurations may serve as a magnifying glass for shortcomings in global biogeochemical models and hence guide future model development. The overestimation of NPP at low latitudes indicates the need for improved representations of temperature effects on biotic processes, as well as phytoplankton community composition, which may be represented by locally-varying parameters based on suitable trade-offs. Discrepancies between observed and predicted vertical gradients in particulate C:N:P ratios suggest the need to include preferential P remineralisation, which could also benefit the representation of N2 fixation. While OPEM yields a much improved distribution of surface N* (NO3− 16·PO43− + 2.9 mmol m−3), it still fails to reproduce observed N* in the Arctic, possibly related to a mis-representation of the phytoplankton community there and the lack of benthic denitrification in the model. Coexisting ordinary and diazotrophic phytoplankton can exert strong control on N* in our simulations, which questions the interpretation of N* as reflecting the balance of N2 fixation and denitrification.
The GGCMI phase II emulators: global gridded crop model responses to changes in CO2, temperature, water, and nitrogen (version 1.0)
Authors: Franke James , Müller Christoph , Elliott Joshua , Ruane Alex C. , Jägermeyr Jonas , Snyder Abigail , Dury Marie , Falloon Pete , Folberth Christian , François Louis , Hank Tobias , Izaurralde R. Cesar , Jacquemin Ingrid , Jones Curtis , Li Michelle , Liu Wenfeng , Olin Stefan , Phillips Meridel , Pugh Thomas A. M. , Reddy Ashwan , Williams Karina , Wang Ziwei , Zabel Florian , Moyer Elisabeth
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Statistical emulation allows combining advantageous features of statistical and process-based crop models for understanding the effects of future climate changes on crop yields. We describe here the development of emulators for nine process-based crop models and five crops using output from the Global Gridded Model Intercomparison Project (GGCMI) Phase II. The GGCMI Phase II experiment is designed with the explicit goal of producing a structured training dataset for emulator development that samples across four dimensions relevant to crop yields: atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, temperature, water supply, and nitrogen inputs (CTWN). Simulations are run under two different adaptation assumptions: that growing seasons shorten in warmer climates, and that cultivar choice allows growing seasons to remain fixed. The dataset allows emulating the climatological mean yield response without relying on interannual variations; we show that these are quantitatively different. Climatological mean yield responses can be readily captured with a simple polynomial in nearly all locations, with errors significant only in some marginal lands where crops are not currently grown. In general, emulation errors are negligible relative to differences across crop models or even across climate model scenarios. We demonstrate that the resulting GGCMI emulators can reproduce yields under realistic future climate simulations, even though the GGCMI Phase II dataset is constructed with uniform CTWN offsets, suggesting that effects of changes in temperature and precipitation distributions are small relative to those of changing means. The resulting emulators therefore capture relevant crop model responses in a lightweight, computationally tractable form, providing a tool that can facilitate model comparison, diagnosis of interacting factors affecting yields, and integrated assessment of climate impacts.
The AquiFR hydrometeorological modelling platform as a tool for improving groundwater resource monitoring over France: evaluation over a 60-year period
Authors: Vergnes Jean-Pierre , Roux Nicolas , Habets Florence , Ackerer Philippe , Amraoui Nadia , Besson François , Caballero Yvan , Courtois Quentin , de Dreuzy Jean-Raynald , Etchevers Pierre , Gallois Nicolas , Leroux Delphine J. , Longuevergne Laurent , Le Moigne Patrick , Morel Thierry , Munier Simon , Regimbeau Fabienne , Thiéry Dominique , Viennot Pascal
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The new AquiFR hydrometeorological modelling platform was developed to provide short-to-long-term forecasts for groundwater resource management in France. This study aims to describe and assess this new tool over a long period of 60 years. This platform gathers in a single numerical tool several hydrogeological models covering much of the French metropolitan area. A total of 11 aquifer systems are simulated through spatially distributed
models using either the MARTHE (Modélisation d'Aquifères avec un maillage Rectangulaire, Transport et HydrodynamiquE; Modelling Aquifers with Rectangular cells, Transport and Hydrodynamics) groundwater modelling software programme or the
EauDyssée hydrogeological platform. A total of 23 karstic systems are
simulated by a lumped reservoir approach using the EROS (Ensemble de Rivières Organisés en Sous-bassins; set of rivers organized in sub-basins) software programme. AquiFR
computes the groundwater level, the groundwater–surface-water exchanges and the river flows. A simulation covering a 60-year period from 1958 to 2018 is achieved in order to evaluate the performance of this platform. The 8 km resolution SAFRAN (Système d'Analyse Fournissant des Renseignements Adaptés à la Nivologie) meteorological analysis provides the atmospheric variables needed by the SURFEX (SURFace EXternalisée) land surface model in order to compute surface runoff and groundwater recharge used by the hydrogeological models. The assessment is based on more than 600 piezometers and more than 300 gauging stations corresponding to simulated rivers and outlets of karstic systems. For the simulated piezometric heads, 42 % and 60 % of the absolute biases are lower than 2 and 4 m respectively. The standardized piezometric level index (SPLI) was computed to assess the ability of AquiFR to identify extreme events such as groundwater floods or droughts in the long-term simulation over a set of piezometers used for groundwater resource management. A total of 56 % of the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE; Ef) coefficient calculations between the observed and simulated SPLI time series are greater than 0.5. The quality of the results makes it possible to consider using the platform for real-time monitoring and seasonal forecasts of groundwater resources as well as for climate change impact assessments.
USING GUYANA’S MONITORING REPORTING & VERIFICATION SYSTEM TO GUIDE NATIONAL FOREST MANAGEMENT & DECISION MAKING
Authors: Dewnath N. , Bholanath P. , Rivas Palma R. , Freeman B. , Watt P.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The Guyana Forestry Commission’s (GFC) Monitoring, Reporting and Verification System (MRVS) is a combined Geographic Information System (GIS) and field-based monitoring system, which has underpinned the conducting of a historical assessment of forest cover as well as eight national assessments of forest area change to date. The System seeks to provide the basis for measuring verifiable changes in Guyana’s forest cover and resultant carbon emissions from Guyana’s forests, which will provide the basis for results-based REDD+ compensation in the long-term. With the continuous compilation, analysis and dissemination of MRVS results on a typically annual basis, the GFC envisioned a larger role for this data, in informing national processes such as natural resources policy and management. This resulted in a significant broadening of the application of the MRVS data and products for purposes that are aligned or complementary to national REDD+ objectives and forest policy and management. These broader applications have allowed for a beneficial shift towards the increased use of remote sensing data and scientific reporting to inform forest management, governance and decision making on natural resource management across forested land. This has resulted in a transformation in the nature of data available to inform decision making on forest management and governance, and overall environmental oversight, from predominantly social science data and factors to now incorporating remote sensing and scientific observations and reporting. Primary decision makers are turning to scientific based reporting to determine best approaches for developmental initiatives in Guyana. This study shows how Guyana has demonstrated significant progress in making remote sensing products accessible and useful to policy makers in Guyana.
ASSESSMENT OF WATERSHED RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: A CASE OF DEVELOPING AN OPERATIONAL METHODOLOGY UNDER INDIAN CONDITIONS THROUGH GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Balasubramani K.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The watershed based integrated approach is considered as a more efficient and appropriate approach for resource appraisal and implementation of various sustainable development measures. The present study intends to demonstrate the application of geospatial technologies in preparation of comprehensive as well as an operational framework under Indian conditions to evaluate land and water resources patterns through a case study of Andipatti watershed, located in Theni district in the State of Tamil Nadu (India). The study used widely acclaimed various empirical and quantitative models to characterise the watershed and to understand the spatial pattern of potential-utilisation levels of the watershed resources. The study used mostly remotely sensed data for understanding surface characteristics and location enabled in-situ data such as soil, rainfall and groundwater data for understanding the sub-surface characteristics of the study area. All these datasets were integrated in a GIS environment to asses soil productivity, soil erosion, surface runoff, groundwater potential, groundwater quality, crop-land suitability, groundwater suitability for agriculture, determination of potential-utilisation index and to draw land use planning strategies. Since the methodology developed in the study is mostly depends on remotely sensed data, only minimal efforts are required for any agencies to prepare a similar systematic sustainable agricultural development plan.
Deep learning applied to glacier evolution modelling
Authors: Bolibar Jordi , Rabatel Antoine , Gouttevin Isabelle , Galiez Clovis , Condom Thomas , Sauquet Eric
Published: February 2020

Abstract. We present a novel approach to simulate and reconstruct annual glacier-wide surface mass balance (SMB) series based on a deep artificial neural network (ANN; i.e. deep learning). This method has been included as the SMB component of an open-source regional glacier evolution model. While most glacier models tend to incorporate more and more physical processes, here we take an alternative approach by creating a parameterized model based on data science. Annual glacier-wide SMBs can be simulated from topo-climatic predictors using either deep learning or Lasso (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; regularized multilinear regression), whereas the glacier geometry is updated using a glacier-specific parameterization. We compare and cross-validate our nonlinear deep learning SMB model against other standard linear statistical methods on a dataset of 32 French Alpine glaciers. Deep learning is found to outperform linear methods, with improved explained variance (up to +64 % in space and +108 % in time) and accuracy (up to +47 % in space and +58 % in time), resulting in an estimated r2 of 0.77 and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.51 m w.e. Substantial nonlinear structures are captured by deep learning, with around 35 % of nonlinear behaviour in the temporal dimension. For the glacier geometry evolution, the main uncertainties come from the ice thickness data used to initialize the model. These results should encourage the use of deep learning in glacier modelling as a powerful nonlinear tool, capable of capturing the nonlinearities of the climate and glacier systems, that can serve to reconstruct or simulate SMB time series for individual glaciers in a whole region for past and future climates.
Aero-elastic loads on a 10 MW turbine exposed to extreme events
selected from a year-long Large-Eddy Simulation over the North
Sea
Authors: Schepers Gerard , van Dorp Pim , Verzijlbergh Remco , Baas Peter , Jonker Harmen
Published: February 2020

Abstract. In this article the aero-elastic loads on a 10 MW turbine in response to unconventional wind conditions selected from a year long Large Eddy Simulation on a site at the North Sea are evaluated. Thereto an assessment is made of the practical importance of these wind conditions within an aero-elastic context based on high fidelity wind modelling. Moreover the accuracy of BEM based methods for modelling such wind conditions is assessed. The study is carried out in a joint effort by the Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands ECN part of TNO and the Dutch meteorological consultancy company Whiffle.
Demonstration of Offshore Wind Integration with an MMC Test Bench featuring Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation
Authors: Loku Fisnik , Ruffing Philipp , Brantl Christina , Puffer Ralf
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The integration of offshore wind energy into the existing power system is continuously growing. With the increasing distance of the offshore wind farms (OWF) to the onshore AC transmission systems, HVDC systems are emerging as a preferable solution for the connection of OWF due to their techno-economic advantages in comparison to AC subsea connections. Integrating HVDC systems into the existing AC systems poses various planning and technological challenges. To be able to overcome these challenges a variety of studies has to be conducted, e.g. the HVDC system behaviour under faults. Simulations using electromagnetic transient (EMT) tools represent a generally accepted method to conduct the relevant studies. To increase the trust in the developed concepts subsequent hardware demonstrations would be preferable. However, performing these investigations with full-scale components is often not an option due to unavailability and high costs. As an alternative way, Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop (PHiL) approaches are considered. In this context, a new and worldwide unique laboratory demonstrator - the MMC Test Bench - is set up at RWTH Aachen University as part of the Horizon2020 project PROMOTioN. Here, laboratory-scaled Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) are used, which are connected on the DC side by cascaded Pi-line segments. The adjacent AC grids (i.e. offshore wind farms, AC transmission networks) are represented by real-time simulators (RTS) and connected to the MMCs via high bandwidth linear power amplifiers (PA). In this work, the MMC Test Bench is initially described. Afterwards, the PHiL set-up to demonstrate the implemented controls for an OWF connected to shore via an HVDC link is explained. To allow the joint operation of the hardware set-up and the RTS in a stable manner, adequate PHIL interfaces algorithms have to be designed and the scaling between the RTS, the power amplifiers and the hardware is explained. The connection of the OWF represents a special challenge for PHiL demonstrations as the OWF represents a weak AC system with the MMC in grid forming mode. In a next step, the results of the successful demonstration of the interconnection of the OWF via an HVDC link with the MMC Test Bench are presented. The system behaviour in stationary and transient operation is analysed based on the wind farm start-up sequence as well as different cases of wind infeed fluctuations. The results are compared to a simulated full-scale model and deviations are discussed.
Inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 attenuates against intestinal fibrosis in mice
Authors: Imai Jin , Yahata Takashi , Ichikawa Hitoshi , Ibrahim Abd Aziz , Yazawa Masaki , Sumiyoshi Hideaki , Inagaki Yutaka , Matsushima Masashi , Suzuki Takayoshi , Mine Tetsuya , Ando Kiyoshi , Miyata Toshio , Hozumi Katsuto
Published: February 2020

Background/Aims: Intestinal fibrosis is a major complication of Crohn’s disease (CD). The profibrotic protein transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been considered to be critical for the induction of the fibrotic program. TGF-β has the ability to induce not only the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) including collagen, but also the production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) that prevents enzymatic degradation of the ECM during the onset of fibrotic diseases. However, the significance of PAI-1 in the developing intestinal fibrosis has not been fully understood. In the present study, we examined the actual expression of PAI-1 in fibrotic legion of intestinal inflammation and its correlation with the abnormal ECM deposition.Methods: Chronic intestinal inflammation was induced in BALB/c mice using 8 repeated intrarectal injections of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). TM5275, a PAI-1 inhibitor, was orally administered as a carboxymethyl cellulose suspension each day for 2 weeks after the sixth TNBS injection.Results: Using a publicly available dataset (accession number, GSE75214) and TNBS-treated mice, we observed increases in PAI-1 transcripts at active fibrotic lesions in both patients with CD and mice with chronic intestinal inflammation. Oral administration of TM5275 immediately after the onset of intestinal fibrosis upregulated MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9) and decreased collagen accumulation, resulting in attenuation of the fibrogenesis in TNBS-treated mice.Conclusions: PAI-1-mediated fibrinolytic system facilitates collagen degradation suppression. Hence, PAI-1 inhibitor could be applied as an anti-fibrotic drug in CD treatment.
Romantic Remixers: Hidden Tropes of Romantic Authorship in Creators’ Attitudes about Reuse
Authors: Pappalardo Kylie , Aufderheide Patricia
Published: February 2020

This article draws from data generated in existing studies in Australia and the U.S. to examine how creators describe themselves and their creative acts when they are recombining or trying to combine copyrighted work with their own work. It finds a surprising congruence of self-perception across very different copyright regimes and creative practices. An undercurrent of Romantic notions about the originality of creative genius runs through even cutting-edge digital practices. This attitude then bolsters strategies used by large media interests to expand copyright monopoly rights and extend them internationally. Results have implications both for policy and advocacy, in particular, how creators respond to campaigns for expanded copyright exceptions, and a reluctance by even remix creators to challenge the legal structures that restrict their creative practice.
Clinical and Radiologic Results Comparing the Periarticular Proximal Humerus Locking Plate and Polarus Nail for Displaced Proximal Humerus Fractures
Authors: Min Young Kyoung , Lee Seung Jun , Gwak Heui Chul , Kang Sang Woo , Suh Kuen Tak
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: This study compared the clinical and radiological outcomes of the single calcar screw plate and Polarus nail techniques for the treatment of the proximal humerus fractures.METHODS: Seventy-two patients diagnosed with displaced proximal humerus fracture were enrolled for the study. Of these, 50 patients underwent the locking plate surgery with a single calcar screw (plate group), whereas 22 patients underwent the Polarus nail surgery (nail group). The plate group was further divided into plate 1 group (with medial support), and plate 2 group (without medial support). The radiological and functional results of both groups were compared to the nail group.RESULTS: The α angle 1 year after surgery was significantly different between plate 1 and plate 2, and plate 2 and nail groups (p=0.041, p=0.043, respectively). The ratio that does not satisfy the reference value of γ angle was 2.8% in plate 1, 7.1% in plate 2 and 22.7% in nail group (p=0.007); there was a significant difference between plate 1 and nail group, and plate 2 and nail group (p=0.014, p=0.033, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were observed in the clinical results between locking plate and Polarus nail. However, in the plate 2 group and nail group, the rate of failure to maintain reduction during the 1-year period after surgery was statistically and significantly higher than the plate 1 group (level of evidence: level IV, case series, treatment study).
A Correlation Study of Clinical Outcomes by Quantification of Fatty Degeneration of the Subscapularis: Partial vs. Whole Cross-section
Authors: Park Joo Hyun , Lee Kwang Yeol , Rhee Sung Min , Oh Joo Han
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: Fatty degeneration of rotator cuff is a well-known predictor of postoperative outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of rotator cuff tears involving subscapularis, and investigate whether fatty degeneration quantified from only the upper subscapularis correlates better with clinical outcomes than quantified from the whole subscapularis.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 315 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic repair for rotator cuff tears involving subscapularis with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Preoperative and postoperative visual analogue score for pain, range of motion and functional scores were assessed. Integrity of the repaired tendon was assessed at the 1-year follow-up with either magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasonography.RESULTS: The mean Goutallier grade of whole cross-section was significantly lower than that of upper cross-section (1.59 vs. 1.71, p<0.05), but significantly higher than that of lower cross-section (1.59 vs. 1.01, p<0.05). In analysis of 37 re-tears, the occupancy of severe fatty degeneration in upper cross-section was 86.5%, which was significantly higher than that seen in whole cross-section (56.8%, p<0.05). We calculated the cut-off tear size for prediction of re-tears as 19.0 mm for retraction and 11.0 mm for superior-inferior. The cut-off Goutallier grade was 2.5 for both whole and upper cross-sections, but area under the curve was greater in the upper cross-section than the whole (0.911 vs. 0.807).CONCLUSIONS: As fatty degeneration of upper subscapularis demonstrated a more distinct spectrum than whole subscapularis, we suggest that measuring fatty degeneration of upper subscapularis can be a more useful method to predict clinical prognosis.
In vivo 3-dimensional Kinematics of Cubitus Valgus after Non-united Lateral Humeral Condyle Fracture
Authors: Kim Eugene , Park Se Jin , Lee Ho Seok , Park Jai Hyung , Park Jong Kuen , Ha Sang Hoon , Murase Tsuyoshi , Sugamoto Kazuomi
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: Nonunion of lateral humeral condyle fracture causes cubitus valgus deformity. Although corrective osteotomy or osteosynthesis can be considered, there are controversies regarding its treatment. To evaluate elbow joint biomechanics in non-united lateral humeral condyle fractures, we analyzed the motion of elbow joint and pseudo-joint via in vivo three-dimensional (3D) kinematics, using 3D images obtained by computed tomography (CT) scan.METHODS: Eight non-united lateral humeral condyle fractures with cubitus valgus and 8 normal elbows were evaluated in this study. CT scan was performed at 3 different elbow positions (full flexion, 90° flexion and full extension). With bone surface model, 3D elbow motion was reconstructed. We calculated the axis of rotation in both the normal and non-united joints, as well as the rotational movement of the ulno-humeral joint and pseudo-joint of non-united lateral condyle in 3D space from full extension to full flexion.RESULTS: Ulno-humeral joint moved to the varus on the coronal plane during flexion, 25.45° in the non-united cubitus valgus group and ?2.03° in normal group, with statistically significant difference. Moreover, it moved to rotate externally on the axial plane ?26.75° in the non-united cubitus valgus group and ?3.09° in the normal group, with statistical significance. Movement of the pseudo-joint of fragment of lateral condyle showed irregular pattern.CONCLUSIONS: The non-united cubitus valgus group moved to the varus with external rotation during elbow flexion. The pseudo-joint showed a diverse and irregular motion. In vivo 3D motion analysis for the non-united cubitus valgus could be helpful to evaluate its kinematics.
Is Minimal Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis a Viable Treatment Option for 4-part Proximal Humerus Fractures?
Authors: Cho Chul Hyun
Published: February 2020

No abstract available.