bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Research on Self-Adaptive Fuzzy PID Controller
Authors: Liu Bin , Yao Gang , Xiao Xiao Bing , Yin Xu Sheng
Published: August 2013

The parameters of the traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller are hard to automatically adjust when the controlled object changes, which controls ineffective for time-varying, nonlinear system. Combine the fuzzy control and PID control, and use self-adaptive fuzzy control to achieve self-tuning PID parameters online. Using matlab simulation system, the results show that the self-adaptive fuzzy PID control effects have been improved than the conventional PID control.
The Design of the Anti-Rolling Tank Control System Based on CAN-Bus
Authors: Chen Xin Xin , Jiang Kai , Tang Ya Wei
Published: August 2013

As the anti-rolling tank controller based on PLC is unable to fulfill the high strength of calculation of the automatic real-time control algorithm, which leads to the limitation of anti-rolling effect, this paper proposes a distributed embedded controller based on CAN bus communication. The controller uses a high-performance ARM chip as the main chip to meet the complex algorithm calculation requirements. For CAN bus communication between the distributed modules, the system is simple and reliable. Distributed embedded controller consists of the center controller, the IO controller and the communication adapter whose hardware design and software design are proposed in this paper, and achieves the acquisition of real-time data of ships status information and intelligent control algorithm. Through simulation and bench simulation experiments, the controller can achieves the excellent anti-rolling effect. The distributed controller architecture is simple and easy to expand and spread to various tonnages of real ships.
Research on Canal System Automation Control Based on Adaptive Parameters Fuzzy
Authors: Lan Dun Chen
Published: August 2013

Automated control can improve the canal system to scheduler run levels, improve water efficiency and reduce operating costs schedule. In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of the control, the paper combines fuzzy control theory and PID control technology, Can give full play to the intelligence technology characteristics of the fuzzy control and can effectively improve the limitations of the traditional PID control, realize real-time self-tuning of PID control parameters, This ensures stable operation of drainage systems, can greatly improve the overall control performance of the canal, canal system automatic control development provides new ideas and approaches. Finally respectively for three kinds of operation mode of the single systems simulation, analysis of the superiority of the fuzzy theory combined with PID control.
Analysis of the 18-Pulse ATRU Filtering Characteristics Applied to the Pulse Load
Authors: Wang De Qiang , Dong Shi Liang , Zhou Yuan Jun
Published: August 2013

A popular harmonic current reduction method specifically is to increase the number of rectification pulses such as 18-pulse ATRU. This paper presents a 2-order Butterworth LC filter designed to suppress the DC output voltage ripple of the ATRU. And an EMI filter is designed to overcome the electromagnetic interference caused by the high frequency pulse load. Because of the same position and configuration, the same filter is verified in theory to achieve both purposes. Finally, a simulation model of 18-pulse ATRU is built and the two filter's characteristics in the time domain are tested and analyzed.
Modal and Vibration Analysis of a Trator Frame Based on FEM
Authors: Shao Kang Li , Wang Feng , Wu Yong Hai
Published: August 2013

Modal analysis and vibration analysis is the foundation of dynamic characteristics analysis and it is the most important methods to analyze the inherent characteristics and mode shapes of the system. In this paper, the airport tractor frame is taken as the research object and its geometric model is established by Pro / E, 10 order modal and shapes of tractor frame is obtained by ANSYS. The results showed that: the first and second frequency of the frame is avoided the engine idling, the outbreak frequency, and excitation frequency in normal driving road. The entire frame meets the requirement of the dynamic characteristics.
Design of MINIX FS for ARM Based Multi-Process Mono-Kernel Embedded OS
Authors: Qu Bo
Published: August 2013

This paper describes the design and implementation of MINIX file system for an ARM based multi-process mono-kernel embedded operating system, including overview of MINIX file system, design of SD card driver, design of file system routines such as caching, essential functions, system call functions, and system call interface functions. At the final, the paper provides a demo example to show the effect of the file system routines, including commonly used file operations such as opening, closing, reading and writing by positioning, getting status, and removing, as well as a brief function for listing directories.
The Application of Speeder Based on Frequency Conversion and Fluid Viscous Soft Start in Port
Authors: Hong Bin , Fu Zhou Yu , Du Jun
Published: August 2013

The start and speed control problems of motor were analyzed in port machinery, the advantages of frequency conversion and fluid viscous start were synthesized, the speeder based on frequency conversion and fluid viscous soft start was designed. The start of motor can be protected by fluid viscous soft start, especially in the stationary start under the load. The motor can be realized infinite speed control by frequency conversion device, the use safety of motor is protected and the work efficiency is enhanced, then the aim of energy saving is realized.
A Robust Revenue Optimization Approach for Power Plant Revenue Management
Authors: Niu Dong Xiao , Zhang Qian
Published: August 2013

This paper examines optimization of revenue of power plants facing stochastic demand with varied prices. A network optimization model is proposed for power plant revenue management under an uncertain environment. The network optimization has a stochastic programming formulation designed to capture the randomness of the unknown demand. A novel approach of robust optimization and PSO are applied to solve the problem on a scenario-basis. Decision-makers risk aversion is considered in the objective function. Mean absolute value is used to measure risk of deviation of revenue from its expected value.
Research and Implementation of Encyclopedia Lecture System Based on Python
Authors: Cai Zhu Hua , Dong Huai Lin , Wu Qing Feng , Huang Juan Juan
Published: August 2013

Nowadays lectures are held more and more frequently in colleges and universities. The topics and categories of lectures become more and more diversified. As a result, traditional lecture system cant meet the new requirements. The implementation of Xiamen University Encyclopedia Lecture System based on Python is given. System targets, technical scheme, requirements analysis, design and implementation are introduced to provide a method to build a lecture system. It is aimed at exploring how to create a lecture system with all-sided functions such as efficiency exact lecture search and lecture application flow simplification.
Some Retarded Integral Inequalities and their Applications in Retarded Integral Equations
Authors: Sun Bao Ju
Published: August 2013

The aim of the present paper is to establish some new nonlinear retarded integral inequalities which provide explicit bounds on unknown functions. The inequalities given here can be used as tools in the qualitative theory of certain integral equations
Method of Detecting Unary Polynomial Inequality Likely Invariant
Authors: Yu Tong Lan , Yang Xiao Hua , Chen Cai , Liu Jie
Published: August 2013

Many Studies has carried on the technology of detecting invariants, for example, Daikon can detect most of invariant by presetting some types of them. But unary polynomial inequality likely invariants are rarely discovered by traditional tools. An effective method to detect unary polynomial inequality likely invariant was proposed in this paper. Through analyzing the property of value ranges of unary polynomial inequality likely invariants, the algorithm set the threshold value and calculates neighbor distances to determine the form of invariants. Finally, experimental results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.
An Overview of the Electric Vehicle Industry Development in the World
Authors: Wu Ming , Gao Hui , Chen Liang Liang
Published: August 2013

Due to the energy shortage and environment pollution, electric vehicle (EV) development has become more urgent. This paper first represented the EV technologies in the developed countries like Europe, USA, etc., and also explained the relevant situation in China. Secondly the paper introduced the EV standard research around the world. Finally, the EV industry development strategy and subsidy policies of those countries were summarized, which can promote the rapid development of the EV industry.
The Study on the Typical KPO Service Modes Undertook by the Scientific and Technical Information Institutes Based on SWOT Model Analysis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Cheng , Chen Shen Jing , Du Yun , Li Xin
Published: August 2013

The Chinese government departments and enterprises increased emphasis on service outsourcing, especially on knowledge process outsourcing which has knowledge-intensive characteristics. Because the increasing demands for the knowledge services in the current market competition, the Scientific and Technical Information Institutes (as the knowledge service organizations), faced the huge market opportunities, but also faced the huge market challenges. In this paper, based on the service status of the institutes, we select some typical knowledge services modes such as media monitoring, industrial monitoring, and patent information service for SWOT model analysis. And we make the SO, WO, ST, WT strategy research. The SWOT model analysis can help the institutes establish proper understandings and assessments of their competitive strengths. Therefore they can make full use of their advantages, overcome the disadvantages, and develop varieties of knowledge service products suitable for the market demands. Through the efforts, the KPO services will become one of the main business directions for the institutes.
Analysis on Vibration Characteristic of Dish-Style Separator's Spindle System by Gyroscopic Effect
Authors: Zhao Zhi Guo
Published: August 2013

The paper took dish-style separators spindle system as research object, established a finite element dynamic model for spindle system based on rotor dynamic theory, and then obtained vibration characteristic of spindle system considering gyroscopic effect influenced on critical velocity. The result shows that gyroscopic effect decreases the first and second order eddy frequency of spindle system by 36.2%; spindle rotating velocity meets the design requirements for a flexible shaft. The research result indicates that the method in this paper is available, and has a guide for deeper research on vibration characteristic of high speed rotation system, will reduce research expenditure and test time.
Properties of Fiber Optic DNA Sensor Based on Fluorescence Quenching Using Lock-in Amplifier
Authors: Fang Hua , Wang You Rong , Ding Li Yun
Published: August 2013

To detect DNA concentration, a novel fiber optic biosensor based on fluorescence quenching was designed and constructed by using lock-in amplifier for signal measurement. A linear relationship between the relative phase delay Δφof the sensing membrane and calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) concentration was observed in range from 2.0×10-9to 4.0×10-7M in the buffer of 5.0 mM Tris-HCl and 50.0 mM NaCl (pH 7.1), and the detection limit was 8.0×10-10M. The biosensor has a response time of 65 s and shows good stability and repeatability.
The Design of Cotton Sliver Detection Sensor Based on AD698 and LVDT
Authors: Chen Rong Jun , Xie Shun Dao , Yang Zhi , Tan Hong Zhou
Published: August 2013

A cotton sliver detection sensor is designed, which is different from the traditional roller detection system. Firstly the lever enlarges the change of thickness of cotton sliver into a large amount of displacement, and then the LVDT detects this displacement, and finally the signal transmission module based on AD698 converts the detected signal of the LVDT into a voltage ranging from 0V to 10V. The experiments show that the sensor has good linearity and resolution. The design is not only with lower mechanical inertia and simpler signal processing circuit, but also solving the problem that in the face of processing technologies change, sliver sensor with embossing roller and ladder roller, need to replace the different detection roller.
The Research on Defogging Algorithm Based on Dark Channel in Color Space
Authors: Li Ying , You Qian , Wang Ming
Published: August 2013

In order to restore degraded image quality under foggy conditions, this paper proposes an improved defogging algorithm based on dark color knowledge in color space. According to the scene depth relationship between objects in a foggy image, the algorithm can repair the dark color figure, in which the grey scale line distance is used to judge edges, the most similar point of dark colors is selected as new value of dark value based on the character of the adjacent dark color, and the dark color image is used to obtain atmospheric light value automatically. Finally, the defogging purposes have been achieved based on the inverse process of the model. Experimental results show that improved algorithm effectively improves the visual effect of fog-degraded images.
Research on the Real-Time Multiple Face Detection, Tracking and Recognition Based on Video
Authors: Sang Hai Feng , Xu Chao , Wu Dan Yang , Huang Jing
Published: August 2013

The video images of human face tracking and recognition is a hot research field of biometric recognition and artificial intelligence in recent years. This paper presents an automatic face tracking and recognition system, which can track multiple faces real-timely and recognize the identity. Aiming at Adaboost face detection algorithm is easy to false detection, presents a fusion algorithm based on Adaboost face detection algorithm and Active Shape Model. The algorithm is not only detect face real-timely but also remove the non-face areas; A multi thread CamShift tracking algorithm is proposed for many faces interlaced and face number of changes in the scene . Meanwhile, the algorithm also can identify the faces which have been tracked in the video. The experiment results show that the system is capable of improving the accurate rate of faces detection and recognition in complex backgrounds, and furthermore it also can track the real-time faces effectively.
Study of One-Dimensional Bar Code Recognition System
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Zhang Guo Yun , Wu Jian Hui , Guo Long Yuan
Published: August 2013

Bar code technology has been widely used with the development of computer application, which studies information identification by bar code and conversion from bar code information to computer language for automatic input, identification and statistics. This paper presents system design and realization of recognition system for one-dimensional bar code according with ISBN encoding rule. Encoding rule of common bar code is introduced at first. Bar code image is preprocessed by binaryzation, then the image noise caused by print quality and dirt is filtered by a mean value method. The actual width of bars and intervals are measured to identify contained digital information in one-dimensional bar code image. The result show that the method presented has good accuracy, quick speed and strong robustness for realtime application.
A Novel Multi-Planar Fusion System for PET/CT Images
Authors: Li Zhen Wei , Yang Xiao Li , Song Wei Dong
Published: August 2013

Objective To propose a PET/CT multi-planar fusion system based on PACS. Methods Firstly, the system got PET and CT slices and relevant DICOM header information from PACS workstation, preprocessed them and formed CT volume and PET volume, and then displayed the axial, coronal and sagittal planes of the two volumes by MPR. Afterwards, the results of MPR were enhanced by pseudo color processing, then were fused with the MRP results of CT correspondingly. Finally, the SUVs of PET images and the CT value of CT images were calculated according to the parameters obtained from the DICOM header, and were displayed in the lower right corner of the current sub window. Results This system can be integrated into PACS workstation expediently, can reconstruct each volume, either MPR or MIP, stably and effectively, and can fuse PET images with CT images in different planes. The resource consumption of the system is reasonable and the SUVs calculated were accurate and reliable. Conclusion The system is easy to use and has stable performance, which is helpful in the clinical diagnosis of malignant lesions as an auxiliary tool.
Design of Real-Time Image Data Acquisition and Processing System Based on SOPC
Authors: Song Wei , Qin Shu Yuan , Chen Yan Xiao , Zhang Long Ji
Published: August 2013

A real-time image data acquisition and processing system based on SOPC in intelligent cart with automatic tracking function was designed. In this paper, the basic design theory and the system structure was analyzed. The Quartus II and Nios II software was used to make the system with real-time image acquisition function. And the data in SDRAM of two CMOS cameras based on SOPC was read. The design was tested with the system, and results showed that this module had the characters of design flexibility, fast image processing and expansibility.
Spectrum Analysis on Rotating Blades Based on FBG and Hilbert Transform
Authors: Xin Si Jin , Peng Bing Jie , Liu Quan , Wei Qin
Published: August 2013

Blades are the one of significant component in aero-engine, 70% mechanical faults are caused by blades failure. In this paper, a spectrum analysis on straining signals of rotating blades has been done through fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBGs) and Hilbert transform (HT). In order to obtain the dynamic characteristics of rotating blades, dynamic strain was monitored by four FBGs located on one blade in aero-engine with rotating speed up to 840 rpm. According to the measured and analyzed results, the FGBs are effective to measure the dynamic strain of blade in operating aero-engine. Moreover, it is capable of providing the state of rotating blades based on the envelope analysis in HT.
The Application of Proteus and Winrunner at the Embedded Software Testing
Authors: Qi Xin Zhan , Chen Hui Nv , Li Gui Yan
Published: August 2013

The electronic ordering system is a new generation products emerging with the development of food and beverage industrys informatization and intelligentize. As for embedded dish ordering system software testing, this article gives a solution for application simulation software Protcus and the functional testing tools WinRunner. Through the application of simulation software Protcus, the problem of the hardware test environment is resolved. In addition, the problem of the large amount of data is resolved through testing tools WinRunner , which provides a good reference for embedded software.
Improved D/TA and Information Fusion Based on HMM Indoor Localization
Authors: Ru Jing Yu , Wu Cheng Dong , Zhang Yun Zhou , Gong Rong Fen , Liu Peng Da
Published: August 2013

This paper describes an efficient Bayesian framework for localization based on Ultra-wide Bandwidth (UWB) system. Approximate grid-based method based on the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is an effective method to estimate the position of the Moving Terminal (MT) with the mixed line-of-sight/non-line-of-sight (LOS/NLOS) situation. This article proposes an algorithm by modifying the Position Transition Probability (PTP) according to the practical dynamic model and uses the information fusion effectively. We compare the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation with Detection/Tracking Algorithm (D/TA) estimation and its improved algorithm by simulation, in which the localization to an identical trajectory has been tested. The results of the analysis show that the proposed method has better accuracy and stability.
Modeling and Analysis of the Proportional Control Four-Wheel Steering Vehicle Handling and Stability
Authors: Zhang Shi Jun , Sun Hui Zhi
Published: August 2013

Four-wheel steering (4ws) refers to the meaning of besides usually turn the front wheels of the vehicle, plus the corresponding rear wheel steering. Its main purpose is to increase the vehicle steering stability at high speed or in lateral force under the action , improve the vehicle steering portability at low speed and turning radius at high speed.A 4ws vehicle dynamic model with two-degree of freedom[1,2] was established, and presents the corresponding dynamic equation. Using the theory of vehicle handling dynamics,according to the 4ws vehicle dynamic equation,the transient response of 4ws vehicle steering are detailed analyzed.Compared with 2ws steering, illustrates the manipulation of 4ws vehicle has strong handling stability.
Random Vibration Analysis for a Building under Evolutionary Random Excitations
Authors: Sun Zuo Yu , Wang Hui , Zhang Yong Shan , Yan Le Wei
Published: August 2013

For a building under evolutionary random excitations, a new random vibration analysis based on equivalent excitation method is presented, in which, the equivalent excitation is constructed by using continuous wavelet transform. When the input power spectral density of a seismic excitation is modulated by a time varying function, the continuous wavelet coefficients are calculated firstly by using scales and the evolutionary power spectral density, then the equivalent excitation is constructed by inverse continuous wavelet transform, finally the random vibration analysis is carried out following the procedures of the equivalent excitation method. An example is given to show the whole procedure, in which the special ability of the method for dealing with the evolutionary random excitation is discussed in detail.
Experimental Study on Hydraulic Characteristics of X-Shape Flaring Gate Pier and Deflecting Stilling Basin United Energy Dissipator
Authors: Wei Wang Ru
Published: August 2013

In this paper, the hydraulic characteristics of X-shape flaring gate pier and deflecting stilling basin united energy dissipater are analyzed experimentally on a physical model for large discharge, such as time average impact pressure, close-to-bed velocity in stilling basin and pressure fluctuations. The results show that for large discharge, the deflecting region is the main impact region and the max impact pressure decays with increased water discharge. The close-to-bed velocity decays fast in deflecting stilling basin along the flow direction and for discharge of 14143 m3/s and 17743 m3/s, the max root-mean-square of pressure fluctuation are 2.48 and 2.39 respectively. So the X-shape flaring gate pier and deflecting stilling basin united energy dissipater is a relatively good flood discharge structures combination, which provides strong references for the design of energy dissipater in hydraulic engineering.
Aerodynamic Simulation of Road Vehicle in Steady Crosswind
Authors: Han Shan Ling , Yu Ru Xing , Wang Yu Yue , Wang Gui Shen
Published: August 2013

Because crosswind affects drivers to control their vehicles safely, the research on flow characteristics in automotive crosswind has a great significance to improve the crosswind stability of the vehicle. By the steady state numerical simulation method, the aerodynamic characteristics of external flow field of Ahmed body in crosswind was investigated. The Ahmed body with 25° slant angle is built in UG NX. The external flow field of the Ahmed body in the wind direction of 0°, 15º, 30° angle is simulated in XFlow software. According to the map of the pressure and velocity distribution, the flow field both before and after, as well as left and right has significant change as the wind direction angle increased, and the trail turbulence intensity also changes. The changes of aerodynamic force and moment affect the driving stability of a motor vehicle.
A Numerical Study on the Optimum Design of Mechanical Wind-Supply and Smoke-Exhausting Systems Based on the Bench-Scale Long Channel
Authors: Li Yun
Published: August 2013

It is on the foundation of theoretical research of fire smoke transfer and mechanical wind –supply to model the bench-scale long channel based on FDS large eddy simulation (LES) model. The result of simulation shows that when the mechanical wind-supply system and the smoke-exhausting system were working together. The air velocity of wind-supply system had an optimum volume. The higher and lower velocity would decrease the efficiency of smoke exhausting and possibility of evacuation.
Simulation of the Performance of a Twin-Rotor Piston Engine
Authors: Zou Teng An , Pan Cun Yun , Xu Hai Jun , Zhang Xiang
Published: August 2013

A comprehensive computer simulation has been developed to predict the performance of a twin-rotor piston engine (TRPE) by means of the zero-dimensional thermodynamic model. With the given model, the chamber mass, pressure and temperature are available during a complete engine cycle. The results are consistent with the TRPE’s working cycle trend. By the chamber pressure, the overall engine performance parameters can be calculated. The model can be used as an analytical tool for preliminary design and development of the TRPE.
Signal Detection Technology for Low Voltage Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter Using FPGA
Authors: Wang Shu Chen , Lee Hsiao Chen , Wu Chi Jui
Published: August 2013

This paper is studying the low voltage arc fault circuit interrupters (AFCI) based on FPGA Signal detection. The arc fault generator is designed to generate artificial low voltage series arc faults. The AFCI signal detection circuits are tested by using the measured voltage and current waveforms from the testing circuits. It is expect to develop high performance signal detection circuits and the key component using in AFCI. Finally, the experimental data with serial arc faults are used to test the detecting methods and compare with the commercial devices. The purposed detecting methods can effectively detect the occurring of series arc faults, and the probability of malfunction is low.
Synthesis and Properties of Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles by Co-Precipitation Process
Authors: Yin Chan , Wei Xiao Yi , Li Ji Hua , Wang Fei
Published: August 2013

Superparamagnetic Fe3O4nanoparticle with single phase has been synthesized successfully by a co-precipitation process. On the other hand, the effect of additive anhydrous ethanol in synthesis procedure was investigated for the magnetic properties of nanoparticles in this paper. The structure properties of synthetic Fe3O4particle were measured through XRD, FT-IR and TG-DSC devices. The characteristic peaks of Fe3O4have been observed to testify Fe3O4with single phase. The particle size and shape were observed by SEM and TEM measurements. The addition of anhydrous ethanol could enhance the dispersion of Fe3O4nanoparticles and restrain the agglomeration of nanoparticles. Therefore, the average particle size was about 18.2 nm, smaller than that of Fe3O4particles prepared without anhydrous ethanol of 24.3 nm. Correspondingly, the saturation magnetization (Ms) of Fe3O4prepared with and without anhydrous ethanol was determined to be 53.28 emu/g and 65.28 emu/g, respectively, lower than bulk magnetite particles of 90 emu/g. That is because, synthetic Fe3O4with smaller particle size obtains the higher surface curvature, which could enhance the disordered crystal orientation on the particle surface, so the saturation magnetization was decreased.
A Modification of Spherical Particles Calcium Sulfate for Alveolar Bone Defect
Authors: Wu Xiao Pei , Zhu Wei Bo , Wang Duan Cheng , Chen Qing Hua
Published: August 2013

Calcium sulfate hemihydrate has been used for many years as a biomaterial. However, too fast a degradation rate and lack of bioactivity have limited its application in orthopaedic field. Herein, α-Calcium sulfate hemihydrate is used as the raw material to prepare spherical particles calcium sulfate with stir method. Microstructures, degradation, and bioactivity of the materials were characterized by XRD, FT-IR and SEM. The effects of solutions of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) on the structure and properties of the materials were analyzed. The results indicate that both the interface structure and the surface crystal binding state of the spherical particles calcium sulfate are changed by the solutions. The bioactivity was significantly improved by the solutions of Na2SiO3. With increasing the concentration of solutions in the materials, the degradation rate of the materials is decreased. Si-O network membrane which contains a large amount of Si-OH was formed on the surface of calcium sulfate. Therefore, the degradation rate was decreased and the bioactivity was significantly improved.
A New Approach for Exact Bending Solutions of Moderately Thick Rectangular Plates with Completely Clamped Support
Authors: Hu Bo , Huang Qian , Zi Xi Yang
Published: August 2013

First presents a set of high order partial differential equations for elastic rectangular thick plate base on Mindlin theory. The high order partial differential equations were transformed to linear equations by the double finite integral transform method, and then arrives at the theoretical solution of elastic rectangular thick plate with four edges completely clamped support. Only the basic elasticity equations of the thick plate were used and it was not needed to first select the deformation function arbitrarily. Therefore, the solution in the paper is more reasonable. In order to proof the correction of formulations, the numerical results are also presented to comparing with that of the other references.
Statistical Evaluation of Duplex S-N Characteristics with Two Competing Fracture Modes
Authors: Wei Li , Ping Wang , Sakai Tatsuo
Published: August 2013

Very high cycle fatigue property of a bearing steel in axial loading was studied. As a result, this steel exhibits the continuously descending S-N characteristics without the occurrence of traditional fatigue limit, and accompanying with two fracture modes including the surface induced fracture and the interior-induced fracture. Compared with its results in rotating bending, the duplex S-N characteristics in axial loading is not so distinct due to the difference of stress distribution. A new general statistical method based on the mixed Weibull distribution is proposed to evaluate the test data corresponding to these two facture modes. Consequently, the P-S-N curve of steel in axial loading can be better plotted by means of the new statistical method.
Photodegradation of Bisphenol A (BPA) by Carbon Doped TiO2 under Sunlight Irradiation
Authors: Kuo Chao Yin , Yang Ya Hui , Hsiao Hung Min , Liao Ssu Chun
Published: August 2013

Carbon-doped TiO2 (C-TiO2) was synthesized to degrade bisphenol A (BPA) under sunlight irradiation. The C-TiO2 was a mixture of Degussa P25 and carbon fibers. Surface characteristics of prepared photocatalysts were measured by X-ray diffraction, ultraviolent (UV)-vis spectroscopy, and a BET surface area analyzer. The BPA removal rate satisfies pseudo-first-order kinetics. The percentage of anatase in TiO2 and C-TiO2 (C/Ti mole ratio = 0.05) was 75.5% and 76.1%, the specific surface area was 45.6 and 46.4 m2/g, band gap energy was 3.13 and 2.93 eV, and the BPA photodegradation rate was 1.48, and 2.08 hr-1, respectively. Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 was increased by carbon doping. The C-TiO2 was effective in degrading BPA under sunlight irradiation.
Study Changes in Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steels ELC X04Cr14Ni12TiN under the Surface Finish when Drilling
Authors: Jurko Jozef , Panda Anton , Behún Marcel
Published: August 2013

The basic hypothesis of this article focuses on the study changes in mechanical properties of stainless steels ELC X04Cr14Ni12TiN under surface finish when drilling. The problem of drilling holes with diameter D=2 to 6 mm resides in the fact that 30 to 35% of these holes do not comply with prescribed requested requirements1. This article presents the results of experiments focusing on the study of the damage process in helical drills with diameter d=3.0 mm when drilling into austenitic stainless steel ELC X04Cr14Ni12TiN. This study also includes an analysis of accompanying phenomena in the cutting zone by measuring some selected parameters. Experimental results were verified in the production of holes in products for the computers.
Carbon Nanotubes: Good Candidate for VLSI Interconnects
Authors: Jain Neeraj , Aggarwal A.K. , Chaudhary P.K.
Published: August 2013

Carbon nanotubes are being seen as a promising new class of electronic materials owing to the change in their properties with chirality and geometry of the nanotube. They are being considered for future VLSI applications due to their superior conductance and inductance properties which are important parameters while considering any material for an interconnect or via applications.In this paper, we report the variation in electrical and thermal conductance as well as inductance of a CNT with its geometrical features using a diameter dependent model. Also the dependence of conductance and inductance of a CNT on the type of nanotubes, tube length and tube diameter has been studied. As we know that at nanometre scale, the electrical and thermal transport properties of the components become extremely important as regards the functioning of the device and it is difficult to accurately measure these properties, therefore predictions using modeling and simulation play an important role in providing a guideline for design and fabrication of CNT interconnects and understanding the working of various other CNT based devices.
Heat Transfer Improvement between Copper Film and Ceramic Substrate by Thermal Treatment
Authors: Lahmar Abdeljalil , Garnier Bertrand , Sakami Driss
Published: August 2013

This study presents the variation of the thermal resistance of a system Cu/Ceramic in relation with the parameters of the development process. More particularly, a thermal treatment is applied to this system with the aim of improving heat transfer both within the film and at the film/substrate interface. The obtained results show a very significant decrease of the effective thermal resistance with a thermal treatment at 300 °C during one hour.
These effects on heat transfer were highlighted with the study of the chemical composition within the interface by using depth profiles carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The deconvolution of the system shows that the interface thickness initially of roughly 20 nm reaches 50 nm after treatment. All these results are discussed in relation with the adhesion force, the porosity and the nucleation phenomena in the film.
Development of In Situ Film as Skin Barrier
Authors: Panomsuk Suwannee , Jarunan Karnjanolarn , Laksika Chinpongsanond , Sirapong Tachasan , Adchara Rungruang
Published: August 2013

In situ film or liquid plaster, a medical product for topical use, was developed using various polymers and plasticizers. The film bases were formulated and evaluated for their physical appearances, tensile properties, integrity on porcine skin, powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) and drug release. Formulations containing Eudragit® L100 and triethyl citrate (TEC) or PEG 400 represent good films. Benzalkonium chloride (BZCl), 0.4 % w/w, was also added in these formulations as anti-infective agents. Films containing Eudragit® L100 and TEC have revealed the most suitable properties as topically applicable plaster film: good physical appearance as well as adhesion on the porcine skin. A soft and tough film was also obtained from the formulation containing Eudragit® L100 and TEC. PXRD results have shown that drug exist in amorphous form in all formulations. The percentages of drug release among three formulations within 3 hours are between 8-12%. In conclusion, formulation containing Eudragit® L100 and TEC have revealed the most suitable properties as topically applicable plaster film.
Effect of Sintering Temperature on Structural and Electrical Transport Properties of (La0.7Ca0.3MnO3)0.97/(ZnO)0.03 Composite
Authors: Cho Ho Je , Lee Seung Rok , Anwar M.S. , Ko Hang Joo , Koo Bon Heun
Published: August 2013

The composites of (La0.7Ca0.3MnO3)0.97/(ZnO)0.03 were fabricated with having different sintering temperature by conventional solid state reaction methods, and their magnetoresistance (MR) properties and electrical transport were investigated. The result of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that no new phase appeared in the composites except LCMO and ZnO phases. specially, SEM results show that with increment of sintering temperature, the grain size of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 also increases, which plays a key on electrical and magnetic properties of the (La0.7Ca0.3MnO3)0.97/(ZnO)0.03 composites. The electrical transport and magnetic was measured over a temperature range of 90 320K. tables etc.
(2012H1B8A2026212), (NIPA-2013-H0301-13-2009)
Effect of Nitrogen Electrolytes on Al2021 Alloy by Electrolytic Plasma Processing
Authors: Ahn Byunh Hyun , Lee Dong Gun , Lee Je Hyun , Cho Uk Rae , Koo Bon Heun
Published: August 2013

AlON-Al2O3 coatings were prepared on Al2021 alloy by the electrolytic plasma processing (EPP) method. NaNO2, NaNO3 and NH4NO3 were chosen as nitrogen supply agents. The nitrogen inducing effect was studied by a combined composition and structure analysis of the coating layer carried out by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the specimens EPP-treated at room temperature for 15 min under a hybrid voltage of 260V DC plus 200V AC (50Hz) power. Microhardness tests and wear tests were carried out to correlate the evolution of microstructure and resulting mechanical properties.
Facile Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Mechanochemical Route and their Structural, Morphological and Thermal Properties
Authors: Kim Sung Jae , Ahmed Faheem , Arshi Nishat , Anwar M.S. , Danish Rehan , Koo Bon Heun
Published: August 2013

In the present work, we have prepared ZnO nanoparticles by a two-step mechanochemical synthesis method. The reaction was carried out in a paste state at room temperature with a short grinding time of 20 min. The prepared ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). XRD and TEM results demonstrated that ZnO have a single phase nature with wurtzite structure with high crystallinity. The lattice parameters calculated from XRD pattern are a= 3.25 Å and c= 5.248 Å and the average grain size of the ZnO nanoparticles was found to be ~ 20 nm (TEM) or ~22 nm (XRD). FTIR spectra demonstrated the peak at ~455 cm-1 which correspond to stretching mode of ZnO.
Effect of Deposition and Storage Conditions on the Gas Permeability of SiOx Thin Films
Authors: Toshiro Kobayashi , Susumu Kamikawa , Yoshifumi Itou , Hideyuki Kanematsu , Yuichi Utsumi
Published: August 2013

SiOx films (80 nm thick) were vacuum deposited onto a 25-μm-thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate under various conditions. The effects of chamber pressure, evaporating temperature, and chamber gas composition on the time evolution of the oxygen transmission rate (OTR) were investigated together with changes in the films composition. It was found that the OTR decreases over time when the films are left in air, the rate of the decrease being greater at higher pressures during the formation of the films. However, if the pressure is too high, the OTR immediately reaches a high value after evaporation and does not decrease over time, not even if the films are left in air for a week. It is possible to obtain acceptable low OTR values by employing a moderate operating pressure, a suitable evaporating temperature, and an aging treatment after deposition without using a high-capacity vacuum system and without heat damage of the plastic film substrate.
Diffusion and Convective Instability in Ternary Gas Mixture
Authors: Kossov Vladimir , Zhavrin Yuriy , Fedorenko Olga
Published: August 2013

The main objective of this article is to investigate the evolution of the mass transfer regimes in three-component gas mixture subject to the pressure and the diameter of diffusion channel. Two series of experiments on gaseous diffusion instabilities are reported. In one series the stability limits are investigated as a function of pressure and diameter for the system 0.4722 He + 0.5278 Ar - N2. In the other series the convection structures are made visible with the help of shadow method. The experimentalresults reveal that an increase in the pressure and the diameter of diffusion channel leads to a change of the type of mixing in ternary gas mixture.Numerical analysis of the mixing process is studied in a vertical cylindrical channel of a finite size and at the isothermal conditions. The governing equations are solved at the boundary conditions assuming the absence of matter through the walls of diffusion channel. Through the Rayleigh partial numbers, the influences of the pressure and the diameter of diffusion channel on the behaviour of diffusion and convective flows are examined. The present results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Oriented (100) Electrical Property of BiFeO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Multilayered Thin Films
Authors: Xu Huang , Shi Jian Jun , Li Xiao Yun , Liu Yong Song , Li Chao Rong , Wang Shun Li
Published: August 2013

We reported the superlattices (SL) thin films of ferroelectric BiFeO3 and ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 on structure and ferroelectric properties, which fabricate by (radio frequency)-magnetic sputtering. Remarkably, the SL thin film has orientation (100), and the interphases are very distinct. We examined samples by XRD, and Keithley 2400, and the result proves the thin film is SL, which is oriented (001), affected by strain and temperature. And strain affect growing of thin film, and temperature affect electricity property.
Tire Pulverizing Rate and Countermeasures of Complete Set of Equipment
Authors: Gao Ying Jie , Xu Su Ying
Published: August 2013

The utilization of waste tire rubber powder processing complete sets of equipment there is imbalance problems. Tire tore cutter crusher production capacity surplus and large particles. Using small tires and non-free cutting tire for cracking machine in order to reduce the tire cracking machine and large particles of investment cost. Cracking down into tire surface rubber cut and tear broken tire surface rubber two process. Tire tread compound using cutting subdivision controlled again after cutting depth of rubber cutting block method. To tear cut machine tool feed depth is an effective method in control tire broken rubber block size. Tread colloid axial uniform circular cutting technical measures is to ensure that the plastic piece of particle uniform distribution.
Type Selection Study of Composite Material for Holding Poles Application in Transmission Line
Authors: Hao Yu Jing , Qian Miao , Da Ni
Published: August 2013

Following construction development of ultra-high voltage power transmission line, requirements on light weight and high strength of the holding pole in construction of the power transmission line is higher and higher. This paper analyzes and compares the current new-brand material which can be applied in the engineering structure, and determines one new-brand material and carries out forcing calculation analysis of the holding pole.
Temperature Coefficient of Thin Film Resistance Temperature Detectors for Improved Heat Flux Sensors
Authors: Azerou B. , Garnier B. , Lahmar A.
Published: August 2013

The measurement of thermal properties or internal or external boundary conditions requires temperature and heat flux data. Both information can be provided by heat flux sensors. The one consisting in measuring temperature at various locations within the wall and using inverse method to estimate wall temperature and heat flux is among those providing the lowest measurement bias for transient heat flux measurement. However, this very accurate sensor requires time consuming technical work for microthermocouples implementation and due to the welding, one cannot locate precisely the temperature measurement. The idea developed in this work is to replace the wire microthermocouples by thin film resistance temperature detectors deposited on polymer substrate in order to ease the fabrication and to increase the accuracy of heat flux sensor. As the deposited sensors are RTDs, a preliminary study is performed showing the effect of the metal as well as the processing conditions on the electrical resistivity and temperature coefficient of copper and aluminum thin film
On the Precipitates Dependence of Serration Type and Transition
Authors: Shen Yin Zhong
Published: August 2013

Serration behavior of 2090 Al-Li alloy was studied by tensile test combined with modifying the structure of δ-precipitates through reversion heat treatment. The serration type was strongly affected by the structure of δ-precipitates in the alloy matrix. With decreasing the amount and increasing the spacing of δ-precipitates, type A and type B serrations disappear, whilst type C serrations become dominant gradually. The serration behavior in the 2090Al-Li alloy can be attributed to the shearing of δ-precipitates by mobile dislocations during tensile plastic deformation.
Optimization for Amplitude Modulator of THz Wave Based on Polymer Waveguide
Authors: Zhou Zhi Yuan , Meng Qing Xin , Tian Hao , Zhou Zhong Xiang
Published: August 2013

The Terahertz modulator based on polymer electro-optic modulation is designed by Macher-Zehnder structure. The ridge waveguide is used to realize TM00 mode transmission, and the Y-branch with double circular arch type is to decrease the loss of transmission in modulator. The transmission of THz is analyzed by the beam propagate method (BPM). The structure parameters of the M-Z modulator, such as the size of ridge waveguide, the type of Y-branch and the optical offset structure for phase, are optimized to realize THz amplitude modulation. The depth of modulation is 83.8% when the applied field is 31.5V.
Research on the Failure Judgment of Sprag Clutch Based on Wear Loss
Authors: Qing Mao Hui , Yan Hong Zhi , Tan Wu Zhong
Published: August 2013

Aiming at the problem that the sprags and inner and outer race of clutch appear wear because of the contact cyclic force. When PCE clutch was compelled continuous action, the judgment formula was derived by according to the homogeneous coordinate transformation principle and combining with the clutches deformation displacement and the sprags center rotation. Established the mechanics analysis model by using MATLAB. The wear limit value of the upper and lower arc radius was calculated under rating toque condition. When PCE clutch was compelled continuous action, the wear limit value of the upper and lower arc radius was acquired and the failure criterion method of clutches wear limit value was propounded by researching.
Numerical Simulation Study on the Concentration Field in an Oscillatory Flow Reactor with Conic Ring Baffles
Authors: Liu Gang , Wu Jia , Li Wei
Published: August 2013

The three-dimensional construct of concentration field in an oscillatory flow reactor (OFR) containing periodically spaced conic ring baffles was investigated by numerical simulation employing Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The computation covered a range of Oscillatory Reynolds number (Reo) from 623.32 to 3116.58 at Strouhal number (St) 0.995 and 1.99. The contour of concentration field showed that the concentration in the most part of the channel is relative uniform and a small retention area is found below the conic ring baffles, which means a region of relative poor mixing. In addition, the turbulent diffusion coefficient calculated from the simulation results implied the greater oscillatory amplitude and oscillatory frequency superimposed to the fluid, the stronger is the turbulence intensity.