bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ionitronic manipulation of current-induced domain wall motion in synthetic antiferromagnets
Authors: Guan Yicheng , Zhou Xilin , Li Fan , Ma Tianping , Yang See-Hun , Parkin Stuart
Published: February 2021

The current induced motion of domain walls forms the basis of several advanced spintronic technologies. The most efficient domain wall motion is found in synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) structures that are composed of an upper and a lower ferromagnetic layer coupled antiferromagnetically via a thin ruthenium layer. The antiferromagnetic coupling gives rise to a giant exchange torque with which current moves domain walls at maximum velocities when the magnetic moments of the two layers are matched. Here we show that the velocity of domain walls in SAF nanowires can be reversibly tuned by several hundred m/s in a non-volatile manner by ionic liquid gating. Ionic liquid gating results in reversible changes in oxidation of the upper magnetic layer in the SAF over a wide gate-voltage window. This changes the delicate balance in magnetic properties of the SAF and, thereby, results in large changes in the exchange coupling torque and the current-induced domain wall velocity. We also illustrate the potential of ionitronic spintronic logic devices with a ‘knot’ racetrack device.
Rising ecosystem water demand exacerbates the lengthening of tropical dry seasons
Authors: Xu Hao , Lian Xu , Slette Ingrid , Yang Hui , Zhang Yuan , Chen Anping , Piao Shilong
Published: February 2021

The timing and length of the dry season is a key factor governing ecosystem productivity and the carbon cycle of the tropics. Mounting evidence has suggested a lengthening of the dry season with ongoing climate change. However, this conclusion is largely based on changes in precipitation (P) compared to its long-term average (P ̅) and lacks consideration of the simultaneous changes in ecosystem water demand (measured by potential evapotranspiration, Ep, or actual evapotranspiration, E). Using several long-term (1979-2018) observational datasets, we compared changes in tropical dry season length (DSL) and timing (dry season arrival, DSA, and dry season end, DSE) among three common metrics used to define the dry season: P < P ̅, P < Ep, and P < E. We found that all three definitions show that dry seasons have lengthened in much of the tropics since 1979. Among the three definitions, P < E estimates the largest fraction (49.0%) of tropical land area likely experiencing longer dry seasons, followed by P < Ep (41.4%) and P < P ̅ (34.4%). The largest differences in multi-year mean DSL (> 120 days) among the three definitions occurred in the most arid and the most humid regions of the tropics. All definitions and datasets consistently showed longer dry seasons in southern Amazon (due to delayed DSE) and central Africa (due to both earlier DSA and delayed DSE). However, definitions that account for changing water demand estimated longer DSL extension over those two regions. These results indicate that warming-enhanced evapotranspiration exacerbates dry season lengthening and ecosystem water deficit. Thus, it is necessity to account for the evolving water demand of tropical ecosystems when characterizing changes in seasonal dry periods and ecosystem water deficits in an increasingly warmer and drier climate.
Physical and Charge-Discharge behavior of Facile PVdF-co-HFP Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Ion Polymer Batteries
Authors: G VIJAYAKUMAR , CHANDAR RAJIV , Tamilavan Vellaiappillai , z said , R paramasivam
Published: February 2021

Synthesized wurtzite ZnO nanostructures are incorporated on the poly (vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF- co -HFP) matrix, which improves the thermal behavior of as obtained thin film nanocomposite microporous polymer membrane (nanoCMPM). The nanoCMPM shows a favorable effect on the melting temperature (T m ) 142.9°C. The nanocomposite membranes were characterized by DSC and porosity studies. The nanoCMPM was prepared as a polymer electrolyte in soaking 1.0 M LiClO 4 – DMC+EC (1: 1 v/v ratio) electrolyte solution to get as nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (nanoCMPE). The optimized nanofiller dispersed composite microporous polymer membrane was found to have a high degree of porosity (76%) and excellent film strength than 8-10wt% filler concentration. It shows the ionic conductivity in the order of 10 −3 S cm −1 at room temperature. It has been further evidence from the effect on lithium salt concentration studies. The optimized membrane electrolyte has good compatibility and charge discharge character at 0.5C rate. It has the evidence applicable to perform in lithium ion polymer batteries.
Traumatic displacement of laser in situ keratomileusis flaps: an integrated clinical case presentation and literature review
Authors: Shih Lu-Yang , Peng Kai-Ling , Chen Jiunn-Liang
Published: February 2021

Background
Traumatic dislocation of laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) corneal flaps is an uncommon postoperative complication that could occur any time after LASIK, and could be visually devastating. We evaluated the visual outcomes, corneal sensation, tear function, and dry eye questionnaire results of patients with traumatic dislocation of LASIK flaps, including one LASIK flap amputation.
Methods
This is a retrospective case series. Twelve patients were diagnosed with traumatic displacement of the LASIK flap between August 2014 and January 2019. Of these, seven who underwent flap replacement surgery were included. Patient’s visual acuity, refraction, corneal sensitivity, non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) results were evaluated.
Results
The patients’ mean age was 35.86 ± 5.84 years, and 42.9% (3/7) were male. The mean duration from LASIK to trauma was 8.86 ± 2.48 years.The mean preoperative and postoperative six-month best-corrected visual acuity were 0.55 ± 0.34 and 0.02 ± 0.03, respectively. Vision improvement was significant (P = 0.018). The mean spherical equivalent and astigmatism at six months postoperatively was − 1.0 ± 0.95 D and − 0.5 ± 0.25 D, respectively. The corneal flap was clear and well-positioned at the final follow-up (mean: 28.57 ± 6.9 months). 85.71% (6/7) of the patients showed worse corneal sensation in the injured eye. Interocular OSDI discrepancy was significantly less (P = 0.048) in those whose last visit was more than 30 months after the trauma.
Conclusions
Postoperative vision at six months was significantly improved, and the refractive data also showed some improvement. The corneal nerve and tear function recovery peaked before 30 months, while the OSDI continued to improve beyond 30 months.
Children and pregnant women are more likely to develop severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia：Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Suzhou: 2014 to 2018
Authors: Lv yantian , Sun Xiaojing , Chen Ying , Ruan Ting , Xu Guopeng , Xiao Xu , Huang Jianan
Published: February 2021

Purpose

To study the epidemic characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumonia(MP) in the whole population and the clinical characteristics of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(SMMP).
Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 56474 patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIS) of the affiliated hospital of Nanjing medical university from 2014 to 2018. Serum particle agglutination (PA) was used to detect MP specific IgM antibody to confirm MP infection.
Results

A total of 56474 patients with RTIs were enrolled, and 15857 (28.13%) of patients with MP-IgM positive were detected. From 2014 to 2018, the annual proportion of MP RITs was 23.60%, 28.18%, 38.08%, 27.05% and 23.44%. In terms of seasonal distribution, April-June and September-November were the peak seasons each year. The proportion of MP RITs of children was significantly higher than that of adults in almost every year. The proportion of MP RITs of female was significantly higher in children and adults. The peak age of MP infection was between the age of 4 and 14 years old. There were 216 cases of SMPP patients, including 198 children and 18 adults (8 cases of pregnant women). Children and pregnant women were more likely to develop severe Mycoplasma pneumonia. SMMP patients had more extrapulmonary symptoms, multilobar infiltrates and pleural effusion, and increased CRP, LDH and WBC(p < 0.05).
Conclusions

This study shows that MP infection has a seasonal, gender, and age distribution trend, and SMMP is more likely to occur in children and pregnant women. Understanding these characteristics will contribute to timely diagnose and treat MP infection.
Valorization of Cyprinus Carpio skin for biocompatible collagen hydrolysates with potential application in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals
Authors: Danila Elena , Stan Raluca , KAYA Mădălina ALBU , VOICU Georgeta , MARIN Maria Minodora , MOROȘAN Alina , TITORENCU Irina , ŢUŢUIANU Raluca
Published: February 2021

Fish collagen is the safest source of collagen at present, the extraction being performed on secondary sources as skin, bones, scales or fins resulted after fish processing. The aim of the present study was to obtain biocompatible collagen hydrolysates from waste Cyprinus carpio skin, the main aquaculture species in Romania using an inexpensive and “green” neutral hydrolysis process. Neutral hydrolysis of pretreated fish skins performed for 6 hours at a temperature of 135°C and a pressure of 315 kPa produced collagen hydrolysates in 24.6-35.5% yields depending on the adopted pretreatment procedure. The extensive characterization of hydrolysate samples revealed a high purity degree (98% protein content, undetected ash content, pH value in the range 6-7), also confirmed by the absence of undesired aggregates in the characteristic fibril structure as determined by electronic microscopy. A specific collagen hydrolysate random coil structure and the absence of triple helix was determined by FTIR analysis and sustained by CD spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The biocompatibility assessment for the obtained fish collagen hydrolysates revealed no cytotoxic effect on Human keratinocytes, with an 80% cell viability, superior as compared to conventional bovine collagen hydrolysate.Neutral hydrolysis of waste Cyprinus carpio skin yielded collagen hydrolysates with determined characteristics and biocompatibility superior to bovine collagen, suitable for application in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry.
Evaluation of health care providers’ use of the ‘Exercise and Depression Toolkit’: a case study
Authors: Glowacki Krista , Zumrawi Daniah , Michalak Erin , Faulkner Guy
Published: February 2021

Background

Exercise is now recommended as a primary treatment for mild-moderate depression in Canada. The ‘Exercise and Depression Toolkit’ was developed to help health care providers (HCP) integrate these treatment guidelines into practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate acceptability and perceived effectiveness of the toolkit in practice by HCPs working with individuals with depression.
Methods

A case study design was utilized. The toolkit was given to 6 HCPs to use in practice for four weeks. Pre- and post-intervention phone interviews were conducted, and weekly logs were provided to track use and satisfaction of interactions with individuals with depression when using the toolkit. The study was conceptually guided by a hybrid theoretical approach using the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability.
Results

All HCPs used the toolkit at least once. Participants viewed their interactions when using the toolkit to be successful (considering individuals’ receptiveness, its usefulness and general satisfaction.) The average success score for all participants was 5.5/7. HCPs found the toolkit to be acceptable. All participants (n = 6) viewed the toolkit as having relative advantage in helping them to discuss exercise with individuals with depression, and as relatively simple and easy to use (not complex) and adaptable to their practice needs (having trialability). Participants liked the toolkit and had mostly positive things to say about it. Participants had mixed feelings about whether changes in the people they worked with (such as mood and activity levels) could be observed (observability) and whether the toolkit changed their belief in their ability to recommend or discuss exercise (self-efficacy). Recommended dissemination strategies were adopted in promoting the toolkit.
Conclusions

Future work should address observability and the ability for health care providers to see other providers using it, as well as effectiveness considering outcomes for people with depression such as mood and activity changes. The results of this initial evaluation seem promising for uptake and future adoption of the toolkit by health care providers working with adults with depression in Canada.
Growth of Unruptured Aneurysms: A Meta-analysis of Natural History and Endovascular Studies
Authors: Volovici Victor , Verploegh Iris S. , Doormaal Pieter Jan van , Es Adriaan C.G.M. van , Roozenbeek Bob , Lingsma Hester F. , Lanzino Giuseppe , Dammers Ruben , Krisht Ali F.
Published: February 2021

Growth of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) is a strong predictor of rupture. Clinical observations suggest that UIAs might grow faster after endovascular treatment than untreated UIAs. There are no head-to-head comparisons of incidence rates of UIAs so far. In this meta-analysis, we compared the incidence rates of growth of untreated UIAs and endovascularly treated UIAs. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar for relevant articles and conference abstracts in English, German or French from the inception of the databases to March 2020. We performed a meta-analysis by pooling the incidence rates for growth of aneurysms from natural history studies and endovascular treatment studies. Generalized linear models were used for multivariable adjustment for the prespecified confounders age, size and location. Results: 25 studies (10 describing growth in natural history and 15 reporting growth after endovascular therapy) with 6325 aneurysms were included in the meta-analysis. Median size of the aneurysm was 3.7 mm in the natural history studies and 6.4 mm in endovascular treatment studies (p = 0.001). The pooled incidence rate (IR) of growth was significantly higher in endovascular treatment studies (IR 52 per 1000 person-years, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 36–79) compared to natural history studies (IR 28 per 1000 person-years, 95% CI 17–46), also after adjustment. Conclusion: The incidence rate of growth in endovascularly treated aneurysms was higher than in natural history studies. However, these results should be viewed in the light of high risk of bias of the individual studies and risk of ecological bias.
Picobirnavirus Detection in Animals From Amazon Biome
Authors: Chagas Elaine Hellen Nunes , Silva Julia Rezende da , Barros Bruno de Cássio Veloso de , Júnior José Wandilson Barboza Duarte , Santos Fabiola da Silva dos , Júnior Edivaldo Costa Sousa , Bezerra Delana Andreza Melo , Pinheiro Helder Henrique Costa , Castro Ceyla Maria Oeiras de , Malik Yashpal Singh , Mascarenhas Joana D’Arc Pereira
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to detect picobirnavirus (PBV) in the fecal samples of wild and domestic animals from 2014 to 2016 in the Amazon biome. For detection, Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) and RdRp gene based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) preceded by Reverse Transcription (RT) were used. Subsequently, statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square G test and nucleotide analyses for the construction of the phylogenetic tree. A total of 258 fecal samples from different animals, including birds (n=41) and mammals (n=217) were used. The PAGE test showed negativity for PBV genome in all samples while in the RdRp gene based RT-PCR test 32 samples showed amplification, corresponding to 12.4% (32/258) positivity. Among the positive samples, mammals, including pigs and cats, both with 28.12% (9/32), registered the highest frequencies, and in birds, the positivity was 4.9% (2/41). In phylogenetic analysis, eight sequences from positive samples grouped in the genogroup 1 of PBV (GI). The statistical test was significant for PBV in relation to the groups of animals studied (birds, mammals, and rodents), and in relation to the cities of origin of the samples, with a value of p <0.05. Nucleotide analysis demonstrated similarity among the feline group, but the absence of a defined structure between the clades. PBVs are highly widespread viruses that can affect the most diverse types of hosts in the Amazon biome.
The Mutation of Ednrb(c.857 T > C) Associated With Atrophied Spleen Phenotype in Mice 
Authors: Wu Fei , Li Mei , Wang Fu-Wen , Gao Yuan , Munir Tariq , Zhou Zi-hui , Lei Chuzhao , Dang Rui-Hua
Published: February 2021

Background:The endothelin signaling pathway plays an important function in the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of neural crest cells. Endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) was reported to have a small spleen phenotype in its deficient mouse model .In our study, we also found that the mutation of EDNRB gene (c. 857 T > c) led to an atrophied spleen phenotype in mice. Different genotypes of EDNRB were significantly correlated with the spleen-kidney ratio, and the spleen phenotypes of Ednrbm1yzcm mice were smaller. The results of the tissue section and H&E staining showed that the spleen microstructure of Ednrbm1yzcm mice was abnormal. In order to explore the molecular mechanism, three groups of Ednrbm1yzcm and wild-type mice were used as control, and standard |log2(FoldChange)|>1 and Padj<0.05 were used to study the influence of EDNRB gene mutation on spleen transcriptional group in mice. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was conducted to explore the signal pathway related to small spleen phenotype.Results: Through sequencing of mouse spleen transcriptome, 121 differentially expressed genes were selected. Results of the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that in Ednrbm1yzcm mice, upregulated genes were significantly enriched in the Hippo signaling pathway, this pathway inhibits cell growth and modulates organs size and volume; and down-regulation of immune functionally associated pathways such as cytokine receptor interaction and chemokine signaling pathway. In addition, chemokine of Chemokine signaling pathway may also be related to the development of spleen immune tissue structure.Conclusions: In the experiment, we found that mice with mutations in the EDNRB gene have features such as an atrophied spleen and changes in the structure of the spleen. In order to explore the reasons, we performed RNA sequencing on three groups of Edrnrbm1yzcm and wild-type mice, and we found that upregulated genes were significantly enriched in the Hippo signaling pathway. And this signal Pathway is a proven signaling pathway that controls organ size and immune function, so we speculate that the size of the spleen may be related to the Hippo signaling pathway. This study provides a theoretical study of the mechanism of spleen development.
Control of Defects in Deep Drawing of Tailor-welded Blanks for Complex Shape Automotive Panel
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Lizi , Wang Haibao , Zhou Jie
Published: February 2021

With the development of lightweight vehicles, tailor welded blanks (TWBs) are increasingly used in the automotive industry. Splitting and wrinkling are the main defects during the deep drawing of TWBs. A new method to control the forming defects was introduced in the forming process of TWBs in this study. The microstructure and mechanical properties of TWBs were characterized through metallography and tensile tests. Finite element modelling of an automobile rear door inner panel made of TWBs was built to analyse deep drawing. Edge cutting and notch cut were introduced in the drawing to deal with forming defects and reduce the number of stamping tools. The minimum distance between the material draw-in and trimming lines, thinning index and thickening index were defined as the measurable index to analyse the numerical results. Orthogonal experiment, numerical simulation and multiobjective experiment were utilised to optimize the forming parameters. The proposed method and optimised parameters were verified through experiments. The experimental results are basically consistent with the numerical simulation. Results demonstrate that the proposed method can provide some guidance for controlling the defects in deep drawing of TWBs for complex shape automotive panel.
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Increasing Incidence and Poor Survival: A Finnish Population-based Analysis
Authors: Puhakka Inka , Kuittinen Outi , Jäkälä Pekka , Kuitunen Hanne , Turpeenniemi-Hujanen Taina , Sonkajärvi Eila , Rönkä Aino , Selander Tuomas , Korhonen Miika
Published: February 2021

PurposeWe report here the first population-based incidence rates and prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) in Finland. MethodsFinnish Cancer Registry data by histological diagnosis and tumor location (2007-2017) for cases with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.ResultsDuring 2007–2017, 416 new cases of PCNSL were reported (202 males, 214 females). The average age-adjusted incidence in males vs. females for 2007-2009, 2010-2012, 2013-2015 and 2016-2017 was 0.57/100,000 vs. 0.48/100,000 person-years, 0.66/100,000 vs. 0.55/100,000, 0.53/100,000 vs. 0.63/100,000, and 0.76/100,000 vs. 0.66/100,000 respectively. The incidence was highest, 3.27/100,000, among people aged 75–79 years. From 2007–2012 to 2013–2017, the 2-year age-adjusted survival rate increased from 36% to 41%, and the 4-year survival rates from 31% to 37%. Among patients aged 70+ years, the corresponding 2-year survival rates were 25% and 29%, and the 4-year survival rates 25% and 22%.ConclusionAge-adjusted incidence of PCNSL increased from 0.57/100,000 (2007–2012) to 0.63/100,000 (2013–2017). The annual increase was 3.8% being among the highest reported in the world. The prognosis was poor, although a minor improvement in 4-year survival was found.
A novel methylated analogue of L-Mimosine exerts its therapeutic potency through ROS production and ceramide-induced apoptosis in malignant melanoma
Authors: Kyriakou Sotiris , Cheung William , Mantso Theodora , Mitsiogianni Melina , Anestopoulos Ioannis , Veuger Stephany , Trafalis Dimitris T , Franco Rodrigo , Pappa Aglaia , Tetard David , Panayiotidis Mihalis
Published: February 2021

Melanoma is an aggressive and highly metastatic type of skin cancer where the design of new therapies is of utmost importance for the clinical management of the disease. Thus, we have aimed to investigate the mode of action by which a novel methylated analogue of L-Mimosine (e.g., L-SK-4) exerts its therapeutic potency in an in vitro model of malignant melanoma. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the Alamar Blue assay, oxidative stress by commercially available kits, ROS generation, caspase 3/7 activation and mitochondrial membrane depolarisation by flow cytometry, expression of apoptosis-related proteins by western immunoblotting and profiling of lipid biosynthesis by a metabolomic approach. Overall, higher levels of ROS, sphingolipids and apoptosis were induced by L-SK-4 suggesting that the compound’s therapeutic potency is mediated through elevated ROS levels which promote the upregulation of sphingolipid (ceramide) biosynthesis thus leading to the activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis, in an experimental model of malignant melanoma.
Unexpected Redshift of nearby stars
Authors: Kalhor Bahram , Mehrparvar Farzaneh , Kalhor Behnam
Published: February 2021

We report a list of nearby stars whose Redshift is too much higher than other nearby stars based on an analysis of 58,916 stars. We have used SIMBAD Astronomical Database and obtained this information from 1.4 million records. The data indicate that the Redshift of the almost 200 stars does not completely correlate with distance, and there are some exceptions. The high Redshift of nearby stars questions expansion of space and the Hubble constant.
Fine particulate matter constituents associated with emergency room visits for pediatric asthma: A time-stratified case–crossover study in an urban area
Authors: Ho Yu-Ni , Cheng Fu-Jen , Tsai Ming-Ta , Tsai Chih-Min , Chuang Po-Chun , Cheng Chi-Yung
Published: February 2021

Background

Global asthma-related mortality tallies at around 2.5 million annually. Although asthma may be triggered or exacerbated by particulate matter (PM) exposure, studies investigating the relationship of PM and its components with emergency department (ED) visits for pediatric asthma are limited. This study aimed to estimate the impact of short-term exposure to PM constituents on ED visits for pediatric asthma.
Methods

We retrospectively evaluated non-trauma patients aged younger than 17 years who visited the ED with a primary diagnosis of asthma. Further, measurements of PM10, PM2.5, and four PM2.5 components (i.e., nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC)) were collected between 2007 and 2010 from southern particulate matter supersites. These included one core station and two satellite stations in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. A time-stratified case‐crossover study was conducted to analyze the hazard effect of PM.
Results

Overall, 1597 patients were enrolled in our study. In the single-pollutant model, the estimated risk increase for pediatric asthma incidence on lag 3 were 14.7% [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.2–27.4%], 13.5% (95% CI, 3.3–24.6%), 14.8% (95% CI, 2.5–28.6%), and 19.8% (95% CI, 7.6–33.3%) per interquartile range increments in PM2.5, PM10, nitrate, and OC, respectively. In the two-pollutant models, OC remained significant after adjusting for PM2.5, PM10, and nitrate. During subgroup analysis, children were more vulnerable to PM2.5 and OC during cold days (< 26 °C, interaction p = 0.008 and 0.012, respectively).
Conclusions

Both PM2.5 concentrations and its chemical constituents OC and nitrate are associated with ED visits for pediatric asthma. Among PM2.5 constituents, OC was most closely related to ED visits for pediatric asthma, and children are more vulnerable to PM2.5 and OC during cold days.
Capture - Recapture based Study on The Completeness of Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Reporting in southwest Iran during 2016
Authors: Amiri Homayoun , Mohammadi Mohammad javad , alavi Seyed Mohammad , Salmanzadeh Shokrolah , Hematnia Fatemeh , Azar Mahnaz , Rahmatiasl Heydar
Published: February 2021

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the ten leading causes of death in infectious diseases and one of the ten leading causes of death in the world. For any TB control program, a reliable surveillance is essential. In order to assess the status of the Surveillance, the quality of the record and the completeness of reporting should be assessed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the completeness of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis reporting in Ahvaz of Iran.
Methods
The study was conducted through a Three-source Capture recapture method by collecting laboratory, hospital, and physician reporting data - including introducing patients to health centers and reviewing drug and laboratory prescriptions. Data analysis was performed using linear logarithm model in Rcapture package R software.
Results
In total, 134 new cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were reported through three sources During 2016. The completeness of reporting the disease was estimated 87.5% and the incidence rate was estimated to be 11.8 / 100,000. Completeness of reporting of laboratory, hospital and physician resources were 79%, 30% and 16.3%, respectively.
Conclusion
The present study showed the necessity of evaluating the quality, completeness and linkage between data. Linking between data sources can improve the accuracy and completeness of TB Surveillance.
Japan’s Development Cooperation for Health in Vietnam: a First Holistic Assessment on Japan’s ODA and Non-ODA Public Resources Cooperation
Authors: Lee Sangnim , Tachimori Hisateru , Sugai Maaya Kita , Ishizuka Aya , Uechi Manami , Akashi Hidechika , Hinoshita Eiji , Miyata Hiroaki , Shibuya Kenji
Published: February 2021

BackgroundTo achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC), which is the core driver of health Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), by 2030, Japan strives to strengthen its development cooperation by mobilizing various resources. However, the involvement and roles of various actors from Japan in development cooperation for health have not been revealed across various entities of the Japanese government or to the public. This study is the first to systematically assess the overall picture of Japan’s publicly funded cooperation mobilizing Official Development Assistance (ODA) and non-ODA public resources to improve people’s health in Vietnam. MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of Japanese publicly funded projects implemented for health cooperation in Vietnam during December 2016 was conducted. A framework based on the six building blocks of health system defined by the World Health Organization was adopted in order to assess the target projects. ResultsOverall, 68 projects implemented through Japanese public funding were included in the final analysis. These 68 projects under 15 types of schemes were managed by seven different scheme-operating organizations and funded by five ministries. Forty-four of these (64.7 %) were ODA and 24 (35.3 %) were non-ODA projects. Among the recategorized six building blocks of the health system, the focus area of the largest proportion of projects was health service delivery (44 %), followed by health workforces (25 %) and health information systems (15 %). Almost half the projects were implemented together with the central hospitals as Vietnamese counterparts. Only 10 % projects were conducted at the local level. This study was unable to capture the synergetic effects of potential collaboration or harmonization among Japanese funded projects.ConclusionsSeveral Japanese-funded projects addressed a wide range of health issues across all six building blocks of the health system in Vietnam. However, there is room for improvement in developing coordination and harmonization among the Japanese projects that are diversifying. Furthermore, establishing a target-country-specific mechanism for strategic coordination across Japanese ministries’ schemes can yield efficient and effective development cooperation for health. Our analytic approach using the recategorized six building blocks contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of efforts on strengthening the health system.
LA3CK Score for Predicting in-Hospital Mortality after Minor Bleeding in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Bai Ying , Liu Xin-Yao , Zou Yi-Xi , Guo Shi-Dong , Wang Zhen-Zhou , Shi Xu-Bo , Zhong Peng , Chang Jing , Sun Yu-Feng
Published: February 2021

Backgrounds and Purposes Minor bleeding was found to be closely related with death in in-hospital patients with atrial fibrillation (AF）and the factors affecting mortality after minor bleedings were then explored.Methods This study was divided into two parts. First, 15219 AF patients without major bleeding were included at their first hospitalizations from our centers since 2008 to 2018 to explore the association of minor bleeding with in-hospital mortality. Then factors related with in-hospital death were further explored in 789 AF patients with minor bleeding but without major bleeding and joined into one score predicting mortality after the minor bleedings during hospital stay.Results Patients with minor bleedings were at high risk of mortality (Adjusted OR:4.61, 95% CI: 3.77-5.65, p<0.001), especially if they were older (Adjusted OR:1.05, 95% CI: 1.03-1.06, p<0.001), or complicated with chronic lung diseases, chronic kidney disease stage III-V, anemia, malignant tumor, acute myocardial infarction. The c-index was 0.681 using ROC curve when these risk factors were joined into the score LA3CK. The c-index was 0.81 when this score was extended to the whole in-hospital AF population.Conclusions In the in-hospital AF patients, risk of mortality increased in patients with minor bleeding. The score LA3CK score had a good efficiency in predicting in-hospital mortality after minor bleedings.
Long-Term Outcome of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy Following Vitrectomy for Submacular and/or Vitreous Hemorrhage in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Kawakami Setsuko , Wakabayashi Yoshihiro , Umazume Kazuhiko , Usui Yoshihiko , Muramatsu Daisuke , Agawa Tsuyoshi , Yamamoto Kaori , Goto Hiroshi
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To study long-term clinical outcomes in patients with submacular hemorrhage (SMH) and/or vitreous hemorrhage (VH) associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), who received pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) followed by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.Methods: In this retrospective case series, 25 eyes with SMH and/or VH associated with nAMD were treated by PPV and followed for at least 24 months. When exudative changes were unresolved or recurred after PPV, additional intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy was given. Results:Mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of all patients improved significantly at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months (P<0.01) post-PPV and at the final visit (P<0.05). Mean BCVA of 13 eyes with anti-VEGF therapy improved significantly at 1 (P<0.05), 3, 6, 12 (P<0.01), 18 and 24 months (P<0.05), while 12 eyes without anti-VEGF therapy improved at 1, 3 and 6 months (P<0.05) only. Average duration from initial PPV to anti-VEGF therapy initiation was 7.54±9.9 months. Five of 13 eyes (38.5%) with anti-VEGF therapy maintained dry macula for more than 1 year after the last injection. Conclusions:　In patients with SMH and VH caused by nAMD, administering intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy when exudative changes are unresolved or recur after PPV maintains improved visual acuity long term.
Analysis of Gaps in Feline Ectoparasiticide Purchases from Veterinary Clinics in the United States.
Authors: Lavan Robert Philip , Normile Dorothy , Husain Imran , Singh Amita , Heaney Kathleen
Published: February 2021

Background:The study objective was to examine cat owner ectoparasiticide purchases in the United States and estimate the impact of purchase gaps on timely ectoparasite protection administration. These purchase gaps lead to periods of time when cats are unprotected from ectoparasites. Methods:Ectoparasiticide purchase transactions for individual cats from 671 U.S. veterinary clinics from January 1, 2017 through June 30, 2019 were evaluated to determine time “gaps” between doses of ectoparasiticides purchased in a defined 12-month period. Ectoparasiticides examined were topically applied products that contained fluralaner, fipronil/(S)-methoprene/pyriproxyfen, imidacloprid/pyriproxyfen or selamectin as active ingredients. The duration of protection following administration of one dose was 12 weeks for the fluralaner-containing product and one month for the other products.Results:Ectoparasiticide purchase records were obtained from 114,853 cat owners and analysis found that most owners bought < 6 months of protection during the year, with 61-75% (depending on the product) purchasing just 1-3 months of protection. The size of the average purchase gap was determined for all dose combinations out to 12 months of protection (5 doses for fluralaner and 12 doses for the other three monthly products. The largest gaps occurred between the first and second doses and the second and third doses. Average purchase gaps for the four different products between doses 1 and 2 ranged from 11.2 - 13.9 weeks and between doses 2 and 3 ranged from 7.7- 12.2 weeks. The fraction of purchases separated by gaps and the average length of the gap tended to decrease with increasing number of doses purchased. Owners purchasing the 12-week duration product containing fluralaner provided ectoparasite protection (“doses plus gap period”) for a larger proportion of each 2-dose period compared with owners purchasing products administered monthly. Conclusions: When cat owners purchase flea and tick medication, gaps between subsequent purchases reduces the proportion of time ectoparasite protection can be provided. The duration of the gap between dose has an impact on the effectiveness of flea/tick medication because it inserts a period without flea and tick protection between doses of flea and tick medication. The gaps between purchases were shorter and the period of ectoparasite protection was larger for owners purchasing a 12-week product than for owners purchasing a monthly product.
A High Degree of Knee Flexion after TKA Promotes the Ability to Perform High-Flexion Activities and Patient Satisfaction in Asian Population
Authors: Han Hyuksoo , Kim Jong Seop , Lee Bora , Won Sungho , Lee Myung Chul
Published: February 2021

Background: This study investigated whether achieving a higher degree of knee flexion after TKA promoted the ability to perform high-flexion activities, as well as patient satisfaction and quality of life.Methods: Clinical data on 912 consecutive primary TKA cases involving a single high-flexion posterior stabilized fixed-bearing prosthesis were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including knee flexion angle, the ability to perform high-flexion activities, and patient satisfaction and quality of life.Results: Of the cases, 619 (68%) achieved > 130° of knee flexion after TKA (high flexion group). Knee flexion angle and clinical scores showed significant annual changes, with the maximum improvement seen at 5 years and slight deterioration observed at 10 years postoperatively. In the high flexion group, more than 50% of the patients could not kneel or squat, and 35% could not stand up from on the floor. Multivariate analysis revealed that > 130° of knee flexion, the ability to perform high-flexion activities (sitting cross-legged and standing up from the floor), male gender, and bilateral TKA were significantly associated with patient satisfaction after TKA, while the ability to perform high-flexion activities (sitting cross-legged and standing up from the floor), male gender, and bilateral TKA were significantly associated with patient quality of life after TKA.Conclusions: High flexion (> 130°) after TKA increased the ease of high-flexion activities and patient satisfaction. The ease of high-flexion activities also increased quality of life after TKA in our Asian patients, who frequently engage in these activities in daily life.
Risk Factors of Opioid use Associated with an Enhanced-Recovery Programme after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Cao Guorui , Pei Fuxing
Published: February 2021

Background: The relationship between total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and postoperative opioid use is poorly studied. The aim of the study is to examine the prevalence and risk factors for opioid use with an enhanced-recovery programme after primary TKA.Methods: We identified 361 patients undergoing TKA, and separated those on the basis of whether to receive opioid use after surgery. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for opioid use after primary TKA. Length of stay (LOS) and postoperative complications were recorded and compared.Results: The prevalence of opioid use after primary TKA was 23.0%. Significant risk factor were more operative time (OR [odds ratio] = 1.017, 95% CI [confidence interval] = 1.001 to 1.032, p = 0.034) and protective factor was tranexamic acid use (OR= 0.355, 95% CI = 0.161 to 0.780, p = 0.010). In addition, the LOS was longer in opioid group (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Considering the adverse health effects of opioid use, strategies need to be developed to prevent persistent opioid use. Reducing operative time and application of tranexamic acid could lower the risk of opioid use with an enhanced-recovery programme after primary TKA.
One Ring to Revascularize Them All: Assessing The End Results of Coronary Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds as Revascularization Approach for Chronic Total Occlusions
Authors: Wulandari Prima Hapsari
Published: February 2021

Following the era of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the occurrence of revascularization in chronic total occlusions (CTO) is correlated with positive and longstanding echocardiographic and clinical outcomes. The beneficial outcomes of bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) treatment to manage CTO are currently inconclusive, since patients presenting with CTO were frequently ruled out from a vast number of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) which assess BVS. This systematic review is aimed to review and recapitulate available reports on the clinical outcomes of CTO with BVS treatment. Available data in the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and, clinicaltrials.gov are being examined to gather investigations on BVS-treated CTO. Outcomes of concern involved vessel restenosis, scaffold thrombosis, target lesion revascularization, myocardial infarction, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), and all-cause mortality. Thirteen papers have met the criteria for inclusion. All papers were written based on observational studies cumulative population samples of 1,077. Two papers were found to involve retrospective comparison of drug-eluting stents (DES) group with BVS group. The investigations had varying group size and duration of follow-up. This review presented beneficial results for BVS-treated CTO. In double-arm studies, the recorded MACE incidence diverged from 0% to 6.7% with no notable differences between DES and BVS populations. While reports on the implantation of the first-generation BVS in CTO populations are infrequent and recruited only insufficient observational studies samples, the available data is promising. The data shows satisfactory results which are analogous to second-generation DES. However, additional investigation by means of RCTs and the application of more novel scaffolds is necessitated.
Information Security Protection and Planning for: Continuity and Security
Authors: Alnahari Wael
Published: February 2021

In this report, a sample of disaster recovery plan DRP and a business continuity plan BCP is made for WJN LLC. The plan includes risks from natural, environmental, technical, and other factors. The plans are ready to implement in the company.
Pedestrians in Iran: Determinants of unsafe traffic behaviors of pedestrians
Authors: Aghdam Fatemeh Bakhtari , Bazargani Homayoyn Sadeghi , Sarbakhsh Parvin , Pashaie Tahere , Ponnet Koen , Nicknejad Maryam
Published: February 2021

Objective: Pedestrians are among the most vulnerable groups in traffic accidents. In this cross-sectional study, the behavior of 600 pedestrians in Iran, using a pedestrian traffic behavior questionnaire. Cluster sampling was conducted among 30% of the health centers in each district of the city. Thereafter, individuals were randomly selected from each center depending on the covered population. Results: Although 17% of the pedestrians demonstrated safe traffic behaviors, over 85% were distracted, more than 80% did not comply with traffic laws, the majority violated rules and displayed no positive traffic behaviors, and half of the participants were aggressive. Age, gender, marital status, education level, daily walking rate, and transportation mode were significant predictors of traffic behavior.
Análise comparativa de técnicas de escaneamento digital: estudo in vitro
Authors: Cechelero Eduarda Bianchini , Bellan Mariá Cortina , Bisi Maurício André
Published: February 2021

Objetivos: O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar e comparar a técnica recomendada pelo fabricante e uma técnica de variação padrão de dois scanners intraorais em relação a um escaneamento com um scanner de mesa e analisar a possibilidade de alteração dimensional.   Materiais e Métodos: Foram confeccionados 5 grupos (n=5), sendo o G=1 com AutoScan-DS-EX sendo fluxo de trabalho automático, G=2 com TRIOS 3 e técnica recomendada pelo fabricante, G=3 com TRIOS 3 e técnica modificada, G=4 com iTero e técnica recomendada pelo fabricante e G=5 com iTero e técnica modificada, e foram submetidos a uma análise qualitativa de cor pelo software CloudCompare. Resultados: Foi presente bastante alteração dimensional entre os Grupos 2 e 3, 4 e 5, pouca alteração dimensional entre os Grupos 1 e 3, 1 e 5, e nenhuma alteração dimensional entre os Grupos 1 e 2, e 1 e 4. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a modificação da técnica recomendada pelo fabricante altera o padrão final do modelo digitalizado principalmente entre os scanners intraorais, sendo que houve pouca alteração quando as técnicas foram comparadas com um scanner de bancada. A qualidade dos escaneamentos se baseia na quantidade de pontos coletados apresentando-se maior nos escaneamentos com scanner de mesa.
Terapia fotodinâmica associada a laser no tratamento endodôntico
Authors: De Oliveira Renally França , Silva Liandra Pamela De Lima , Silva Fábio Victor Dias , Andrade Kauana Da Silva , Moreira Romão Thaynara Cavalcante , Dos Santos Manuela Gouvêa Campêlo , Arnaud Rachel Reinaldo
Published: February 2021

Introdução: A terapia fotodinâmica associada a laser tem sido estudada e aplicada em diversas especialidades da Odontologia objetivando o uso de técnicas menos invasivas. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar aos cirurgiões-dentistas e à sociedade a nova face da Odontologia voltada à utilização da terapia fotodinâmica associada a laser na prática endodôntica, bem como, apresentar os aspectos gerais da laserterapia. Material e Metódos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, caracterizada como descritiva e exploratória. Foram realizadas buscas em livros, artigos científicos, monografias, dissertações e teses, no período de agosto de 2018 a maio de 2019. Esses dados foram obtidos por meio de bases de dados MedLine, PubMed, Scielo, LILACS e BBO. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que a terapia fotodinâmica associada a laser é efetiva como coadjuvante ao tratamento endodôntico convencional, sendo uma das principais utilizações auxiliar na desinfecção dos canais radiculares, que consiste em utilizar uma fonte de luz com comprimento de onda específico capaz de estimular um agente fotossensível , que resulta em danos oxidativos, causando a morte celular. São observados também estudos do seu desempenho no preparo cavitário, controle da vitalidade pulpar, capeamento pulpar e pulpotomia, limpeza dos condutos radiculares, obturação e adesão dos cimentos endodônticos, retratamento, cirurgias periapicais, redução da dor e reparação pós-operatória. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que a terapia fotodinâmica utilizada como coadjuvante à terapia endodôntica convencional aumenta a previsibilidade de sucesso do tratamento, desde que, o conhecimento sobre os fundamentos e interações com os tecidos biológicos sejam esclarecidos e dominados pelo profissional.