bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Irritable Bowel Syndrome among Medical Students at King Khalid University
Authors: Alshehri Turki Khalid , Alsharif Mohammed Nasser Saeed , Asiri Lujain Ahmed Ali , Mukharrib Mohammed Saeed , Alzahrani Mohammed Attieh
Published: December 2024

Background:

The stressful life of medical students might induce or exacerbate irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and related factors of IBS among medical students at King Khalid University (KKU), Saudi Arabia.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at the KKU. The data collection period was from January to February 2018. Stratified sampling technique was used that included medical students from the second to the sixth year, using self-administered questionnaires contain socio-demographics, medical history, Rome criteria IV, and a personality scale of manifest anxiety.

Results:

The intended participants were 400 medical students (100%) with 363 (90%) respondents. The mean age was 22 ± 1.6 years; there were 52.9% males and 47.1% females. The prevalence rate of IBS according to the Rome IV criteria was 10.7%. Regarding diagnostic criteria for IBS subtypes, 23.1% represented for both IBS with predominant constipation and IBS with predominant diarrhea, IBS with mixed bowel habits, both diarrhea and constipation, are the higher percentage (43.6%), and IBS unclassified subtype represented by 10.3%. Chi-square test showed high correlation between age and smoking and body mass index (P = 0.04 and 0.05, respectively). Further, there is a significant relationship between IBS and anxiety level (P = 0.04). No gender difference was noted.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of IBS among medical students at KKU was highest in the age group of 21–23 years, who were nonsmokers, and who had a relatively high grade point average. We did not find a gender difference. Compared to non-IBS students, the anxiety level of the students with IBS was dramatically higher.
Comparison: Imported and Indigenous HIV Fourth-generation immunodiagnostic kits
Authors: Sharma Rajesh Kumar , Chauhan Bharti , Manzoor Ashrat , Kumar Rajeev , Ali Daud , Baranwal Rich , Bisht Akanksha , Chander Harish , Anvikar Anup
Published: December 2024

Early detection of any disease is always a life-saving methodology for human beings likewise the detection of p24 antigen is always better than the detection of HIV antibodies. In the current era, p24 antigen is added additionally in HIV antibodies detection assays and called HIV fourth-generation immunodiagnostic kit. The different HIV fourth-generation kit having different capacities to pick up the low concentration of analyte as well as represent the detection values in different units. A total of 30 assays were used in this study and it was found that the detection concentration assigned by the manufacturers in the case of imported kits was 0.48 IU/mL to 2 IU/mL. However, the detection range of the indigenous kits was 25 pg/mL to 1000 IU/mL. This study gives an idea/knowledge for the startups concerned with high hope and broad scope for make in India concept in the IVDs market.
Iris Freckles
Authors: Grover Suman , Kumar Nitin , Raj Srishti
Published: December 2024

A middle-aged Indian female presented to us for a routine eye check-up. The examination revealed the presence of flat, discrete, small, and brownish lesions involving the superficial layers of the iris. There was a significant history of exposure to the sunlight. A diagnosis of iris freckles was considered. This benign entity needs to be differentiated from other serious melanocytic proliferations; however, observation and monitoring of the lesion are recommended.
A Curious Case of Sudden Refractive Change from Emmetropia to Myopia in a Post-LASIK Patient
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Rai Supreet , Kaur Harleen , Goyal Aman
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the potential ocular adverse effects of topiramate, an antiepileptic medication commonly used for migraine prevention. Topiramate-induced acute angle closure (TiAAC) is of particular concern as it can result in the sudden diminution of vision. The exact mechanism behind TiAAC is uncertain, but it is thought to involve prostaglandin release, leading to ciliary body effusion. In this case, a young male who had been emmetropic postmyopic LASIK surgery presented to us with sudden onset high myopia. Detailed history revealed that the patient had been recently using topiramate. On examination, there was anterior displacement of iris lens diaphragm. In-depth investigations confirmed it to be a case of TiAAC. The patient was advised to discontinue topiramate and was put on topical steroids, intraocular pressure-lowering agents, and cycloplegics which relieved his condition within 10 days.
Eyes of the Future: A Comprehensive Mapping of the Evolving Landscape of Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology
Authors: Bali Jatinder , Bali Ojasvini
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is making substantial inroads into ophthalmology and health care. This review article delves into the integration of AI in ophthalmology, shedding light on its applications, implications, and potential pitfalls. The article outlines the fundamentals of AI, differentiating it from traditional computer programs. It emphasizes AI’s recent advancements in medicine and ophthalmology. Addressing the dichotomy between fully autonomous AI systems and assistive AI modes, the article underscores the importance of combining AI capabilities with human expertise. The ethical dimensions of AI’s advancement are explored, illuminated by Dr. Hinton’s resignation. Concerns regarding misinformation, job displacement, and existential risks are discussed, stressing the need for responsible AI development. The utility of AI in diagnostics and personalized treatment recommendations is examined. The significance of data preservation, ethical considerations, and training models is elaborated, along with AI’s role in clinical decision support systems. The role of computational bioethics in shaping AI’s trajectory is discussed, advocating for a human-centric approach that emphasizes explainable AI and responsible development. The importance of ethical alignment, transparency, and equitable access is highlighted within a national health AI strategy. This article emphasizes the pivotal role of health-care professionals in balancing AI’s potential with ethical considerations. The need to maintain human oversight to avoid dystopian outcomes is stressed to ensure that AI remains a transformative tool for progress in health care.
All that Glitters is Not Gold – Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis of Intraocular Lens Opacification
Authors: Chaudhari Isha , Kapur Neha
Published: December 2024

Intraocular lens opacification (IOL) is an uncommon but known entity. As the opacification involves the substance of the IOL and not the posterior capsule, as seen in posterior capsular opacification, neodymium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Nd:YAG) laser treatment is ineffective. Furthermore, an attempt at a Nd:YAG laser treatment in a misdiagnosed opacified IOL, compromises the posterior capsule and jeopardizes IOL exchange, the only known treatment so far. The most commonly described cause of IOL opacification is surgical techniques involving air or gas injection. We describe three cases of IOL opacification without any history of a surgical procedure involving air or gas injection.
A Detailed Review of Lenticule-based Refractive Procedures – Kerato-refractive Lenticule Extraction Procedures
Authors: Grover Tushar , Gupta Nikunj , Sharma Jyotsana
Published: December 2024

Kerato-refractive lenticule extraction (KLEx) is a modern laser eye surgery technique that utilizes a femtosecond laser to create and extract a lenticule from the cornea, correcting refractive errors. Compared to LASIK, KLEx offers advantages such as reduced dry eye symptoms, faster corneal sensation recovery, and potentially better biomechanical strength. However, it also presents the challenges such as a steeper learning curve for surgeons and a higher incidence of intraoperative complications in the initial learning phase. PubMed was searched for lenticule-based refractive procedures with the latest review articles, original articles, and research papers sorted up top and these were used as references for the data in this review. This review explores the procedure, its advantages and disadvantages and compares it to LASIK. It also discusses various KLEx techniques available commercially, including small incision lenticule extraction, cornea lenticule extraction for advanced refractive, SMART SIGHT, and smooth incision lenticular keratomileusis, and their unique features. Various techniques employed for lenticule extraction are discussed too. In addition, the review highlights intraoperative complications associated with KLEx, such as suction loss, black spots, cap lenticular adhesions, and epithelial defects. Overall, KLEx is a viable option for refractive error correction, offering distinct benefits over LASIK. However, careful consideration of the procedure’s risks, benefits, and potential complications is essential for patients and surgeons alike.
Computer Vision Syndrome in Medical Students in a Teaching Hospital a Cross sectional Observational Study
Authors: Hashim Muhsin , Gotekar Rajesh B.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought about a change in the teaching–learning pattern as most schools and teaching institutions were closed; students from kindergarden to professional degree were forced to resort to online platforms. As a result, the number of hours spent on an average by every student in front of a video display unit (VDU) has increased severalfolds. Due to this, the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) among students has grown.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to find the association of screen time with dry eye disease (DED) in medical students.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional observational study conducted at Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Medical College and Hospital, Sangli. For a duration of 18 months (January 2021 to July 2022), this study involved 600 students. Convenient sampling was used on all Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery students of the institute fulfilling inclusion criteria and willing to participate was subjected to a pro forma related to DED, followed by thorough ophthalmic workup for DED was done which included best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, tear film breakup time, Schirmer’s 1 and 2 test, and tear meniscus height.

Statistical Analysis Used:

IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0. Chi-square test was used. P <0.001 was considered significant.

Results:

There was a significant association between duration of screen time and symptoms (P < 0.001), the most common symptom was dryness (41.3%). All students having a duration of screen time of 8 and above hours had at least one symptom. There was a significant association between VDU usage and severity of DED (P < 0.001). Twenty-three (4.5%) students having VDU usage of 8 and above hours had severe DED and 7 (1.4%) students having VDU usage of 0–2 h had mild DED.

Conclusion:

Increased screen exposure has resulted in an increased dryness and an increase in symptoms in the student. During COVID-19, most of the undergraduate curriculum was completed by conducting online classes which added to the overall time spent on VDU. By making certain changes in the usage of VDU and following 20-20-20 rule, one can bring down the incidence of CVS.
Clinical Trials in Myopia Control: A Review
Authors: Joshi Deepti , Khochikar Nilima , Krishnaprasad R.
Published: December 2024

Myopia is now an emerging global public health challenge that significantly affects an individual's quality of life and hence requires appropriate interventions to delay or arrest the onset and progression. The current concepts in myopia have come up with studies that mainly focus on control strategies, lifestyle modifications, and pharmaceutical and optical management options being taken into consideration. This article summarizes current updates on myopia control strategies.
History Taking and Examination in a Retina Case
Authors: Ayachit Apoorva , Mishra Akshay , Salvi Rajashree Satish , Joshi Shrinivas , Ayachit Guruprasad
Published: December 2024

Pathologies affecting the retina can cause a range of symptoms and signs. Postgraduates will be assigned two long cases and 2–3 short cases in their qualifying examinations. This article intends to be a ready reckoner that can be used as pro forma for history taking and examination. A comprehensive history taking and well-rounded examination will go a long way, both for post-graduate exit examinations and future practice.
A Rare Complication of COVID-19 Vaccination: Cyclical Esotropia
Authors: Kapoor Smita , Gupta Nikunj , Grover Apoorv
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic started in 2019 and was identified to be a deadly viral infection very early. Therefore, several vaccines have been developed worldwide to curb this disease. Since their inception, various complications have been reported with the COVID-19 vaccines, including ocular nerve palsies. Herein, we report the case of a 17-year-old girl who presented with binocular diplopia that presented in 48-h cycles 1 week following the administration of the Covaxin (BBV152) vaccine. She presented with esotropia in the right eye with full extraocular motility. Magnetic resonance imaging brain and blood investigations were normal. Thus, the cyclical esotropia could not be attributed to any other systemic condition. The double vision was corrected by performing medial rectus recession and lateral rectus resection of the right eye which remained stable on 1-year follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of cyclical esotropia following Covaxin vaccination.
Double Trouble: A Rare Case of Combined Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy and Choroidal Coloboma
Authors: Kanakamedela Ashok , Madhu Kumar R , Simakurthy Sriram , Gudimetla Jayamadhury , Gedela Shravya , Sunny Lisa
Published: December 2024

Optic disc pit (ODP) is a rare congenital abnormality of the optic nerve head, which appears as a unilateral, small, oval, hypo-pigmented gray–white excavation of the optic disc, most commonly located at the temporal or infero-temporal segment of the optic disc. The incidence of ODP has been reported about 1 in 10,000 without gender predilection. Vision is typically unaffected, while reduction in vision may occur in a frequency ranging from 25% to 75%, when serous macular detachment appears. Here we present a case of optic disc pit maculopathy with co-existing choroidal coloboma, which is a rare combination.
Study of Association between Lens Vault, Anterior Chamber Angle, and Change in Intraocular Pressure after Cataract Surgery in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Bahadur Memuna , Amrutkar Jyoti Rambhau , Satpute Kanchangouri , Malviya Arundhati
Published: December 2024

Aims:

The study was conducted to evaluate change in intraocular pressure (IOP) after cataract surgery in glaucoma patients and its association with lens vault (LV) and also to investigate the relation between LV and anterior chamber angle.

Materials and Methods:

This is prospective cohort study conducted at Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Memorial Central Raiway Hospital Byculla for a duration of 1 year from jan 2018 to jan 2019. All phakic patients above 40 years of age having glaucoma with cataracts were included in the study. Complete ocular examination was done including IOP, gonioscopy, slit lamp, fundus, A-scan biometry, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography for LV. On the basis of LV, patients were divided into three groups A (<300 μm), B (300–500μm), and C(>500μm). Patients were operated for cataract surgery by phacoemulsification. Postoperatively, all patients were assessed for IOP change by measuring IOP on Day 1, 1 week, and 1 month.

Results:

Out of a total of 52 selected cases, 7, 13, and 32 were in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. At the end of 1 month, postoperative IOP in Groups B and C was significantly reduced with P = 0.003 and 0.000, respectively. There was a significant reduction in the number of antiglaucoma medications before and after surgery in Group B and Group C with P = 0.002 and 0.000, respectively, but no significant reduction in Group A with P = 1.

Conclusion:

LV is an important predictor for the amount of IOP reduction after cataract surgery in glaucoma patients. In cases with high LV, IOP was significantly reduced after cataract surgery. The association of high LV with narrow angles is statistically significant.
The Third Surprise: A Case of Nucleus and Intraocular Lens Drop with Rigid Polymethyl Methacrylate Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Implantation in the Anterior Chamber
Authors: Ger Marina , Gulati Megha
Published: December 2024

Nucleus drop following a posterior capsular rent is a known complication of cataract surgery. We report a case of mismanaged cataractous lens and intraocular lens (IOL) drop in the vitreous cavity with a rigid posterior chamber IOL placed in the anterior chamber. This patient presented with secondary glaucoma. The patient was managed with the IOL explantation - both from the anterior and posterior segment and pars plana lensectomy with vitrectomy. Secondary IOL was also implanted.
Efficacy of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty vs Eye Drops as a First Line Treatment of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Shah Neeharika , Makwana Jinal , Oza Sanket , Makwana Nilam
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is a quick, outpatient procedure with minimal recovery time and a good safety profile. However, the role of laser trabeculoplasty in the treatment of glaucoma is still not well defined. This study is done to compare the effectiveness of selective laser trabeculoplasty as a first line treatment of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) against conventional medical treatment with eye drops.

Methods:

A prospective comparative study was performed at a tertiary care centre in western India from October 2019 to October 2021. Study included 64 patients of mild to moderate severity newly diagnosed open angle glaucoma randomly given SLT or medical treatment as a first line treatment and followed up on 1st week,1st month,3rd month,6th month and 1 year to determine whether laser treatment; Achieves the desired level of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) in comparison to topical antiglaucoma medications, leads to non-progression of visual field during course of treatment, achieves equivalent levels of visual function after 1 year, is well or better tolerated by patients, needs any adjuvant treatment during course of treatment, costs less than the conventional treatment pathway of antiglaucoma medications or not.

Results:

In both study groups (treatment with SLT and treatment with eyedrops) we did not observe significant differences in Shaffer grading of angle width on gonioscopy, in cup-disc ratio, in visual field examination and pachymetry after 1 year of follow up but IOP was significantly decreased with increasing follow up. Only one patient needed repeat SLT and no patient of SLT group needed any adjuvant treatment. In eyedrops group pre-treatment mean IOP value was 19.125 and that of SLT group was 19.66, and at the end of follow-up in eyedrops group mean IOP value was 15.47 and in SLT group it was 15.84. So, in both groups of study IOP decreased significantly. We observed similar decrease of IOP between two groups (P-value 0.2703) from pre-treatment to post-treatment.

Conclusion:

SLT is possibly as effective as topical anti glaucoma medications in the treatment of patients with primary open angle glaucoma.
Optic Neuritis and Childhood Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Authors: Garg Rajiv , Madan Siddharth , Khan Sarah
Published: December 2024

Optic neuritis is very rare sequelae of childhood Herpes zoster. Herpes zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO) is rarely seen in children. HZO optic neuritis resulting in no visual recovery in paediatric patients has been scantly reported. We report a six-year-old moderately malnourished male child suffering from HZO keratouveitis with optic neuritis who lost all vision in his right eye with a tumultuous course of two weeks of illness prior to his presentation to us. Prompt treatment with antiviral, high dose intravenous steroid and amniotic membrane grafting with a permanent tarsorraphy for a persistent non-healing neurotrophic corneal ulcer preserved globe integrity. Optic neuritis associated with childhood herpes zoster ophthalmicus is potentially blinding and refractory to medical management
BROWN PCIOL
Authors: Chauhan Anubhav , Sharma Deepak Kumar
Published: December 2024

Membranes covering the posterior chamber intraocular lens(PCIOL) are sometimes seen after cataract surgery. These membranes are a result of excessive inflammation post surgery despite use of antibiotics, steroids and cycloplegics. We describe a rare case of a membrane formed on the PCIOL post cataract surgery. The unique thing about this case was that the membrane was made up of the pigment released by the uveal tissue despite no other ocular disease, and the PCIOL being there in the capsular bag and not the sulcus.
Analysis of Calls to Vision Rehabilitation Center during COVID-19
Authors: Beniwal Abhijeet , Senjam Suraj Singh
Published: December 2024

Background:

People with disabilities, including blindness, were more likely to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic than people without disabilities. The particulars of the callers with visual disabilities, and their reasons could help us to understand their concerns during the COVID-19 emergency lockdown. This paper reported various reasons given by the callers who were visually disabled to the hotline of visual rehabilitation services during the lockdown period.

Methodology:

A retrospective review of data maintained in the telerehabilitation register for people with visual disabilities of a tertiary eye care center in north India was done from April 19, 2021, to May 27, 2021 (lockdown period). Age, gender, self-reported visual acuity, and diagnosis were extracted from the register. An inductive content analysis assessed the callers’ reasons and presented.

Results:

A total of 101 callers were noted with males predominant (79.2%), over half of the callers aged between 16 and 25 years. Nearly half of them reported that their visual acuity was <3/60 in both eyes. Retinitis pigmentosa (14.2%), retinal detachment (6.1%), parents of stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity (7.1%), and heredomacular degeneration (5.1%) optic atrophy (4.0%) were common ocular problems as indicated by the callers. The most common reason for calls was issues related to disability certificates (30.7%), followed by calls to avail general eye care (20.9%) and low vision rehabilitation consultation (20.2%). Other reasons for calls were related to admission to vocational training centers (7.8%), schools for the blind (6.2%), and livelihood support during the lockdown (3.1%), respectively.

Conclusions:

During the emergency COVID-19 lockdown period, a great majority of people with visual disabilities needed services other than eye care. Disability certificate was the most concern among the callers.
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion after Phacoemulsification – Sight-threatening Complication
Authors: Sharma Manika , Gupta Kanav , Gupta Brij K.
Published: December 2024

While peribulbar block is a safe modality, a relative risk of retinal vascular accident exists and its routine use should be done with caution. We report you a case of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) that occurred within 24 hours of routine uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery using peribulbar anaesthesia. A 55 year old man who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification cataract surgery using peribulbar lignocaine with hyaluronic acid and bupivacaine. Patient underwent routine phacoemulsification surgery of left eye for immature senile cataract with pterygium under peribulbar anaesthesia developed central retinal artery occlusion in the immediate post-operative period. The surgery was uneventful. CRAO is rare but an conciseness emergency seen after uneventful phacoemulsification and the cause is mainly anaesthesia related.
Tele-Ophthalmology: An Overview
Authors: Bhagat Purvi , Mansuri Farhad , Sonarkar Geeta
Published: December 2024

Tele-ophthalmology is helpful in providing cost-effective timely care and equitable services, especially to the large underserved rural population of India, more so with the collaborative efforts of the Government, health-care providers, and nongovernmental organizations. Tele-ophthalmology helps in providing health care in regions where there is a significant disparity in the doctor–patient ratio. Awareness regarding tele-ophthalmology is the need of the hour, especially in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 to enable access to medical care without in-person consultation. Furthermore, in the current scenario where the use of technology and social media is increasing day by day even in the rural population, we can grab this opportunity and turn it toward the positive growth of India’s health care.
Variation on the Anterior Segment Parameters after Dilatation as Measured by Sirius Tomogram in the Young Indian Population
Authors: Singh Atul Kumar , Malik Robin , Dhar Supriya , Goenka Ranjit , Singh Gurupreet , Sharma Vikas
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Evaluating corneal parameters is crucial for understanding corneal diseases and ensuring accurate screening and monitoring in refractive surgeries. Precise corneal measurements are requisite for a good refractive surgery outcome. We routinely perform pupil dilatation (mydriasis) during comprehensive ophthalmological examination. Understanding the impact of dilating eye drops on corneal parameters is crucial for individuals planning refractive surgeries. Moreover, miscalculation of corneal parameters changes after dilatation might negatively impact the desired results after refractive procedures.

Purpose:

The cornea plays an important role in the precise focus of light onto the retina, facilitating the perception of clear vision. Numerous factors influence the corneal biomechanics, including the instillation of various topical eye drops. This study tries to explore the potential effects of dilating eye drops on corneal parameters.

Methods:

This cross-sectional analytical study included 55 young, healthy individuals (age 17–25 years) reporting to a boarding center for the medical examinations of different streams from June 2023 to August 2023. The sample size was calculated considering the last 3 years’ average number of candidates reporting for the examination, pre–posttest minimum central corneal thickness (CCT) values from the literature, and paired t-test for the hypothesis with a 95% confidence interval and power of the order of 0.8. All candidates underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination. The corneal tomogram was done using the Sirius (CSO Florence, Italy) machine under dim light, and pre- and postdilatation of four corneal parameters were recorded (CCT, higher-order aberrations (HOAs) at 2 mm3 and 3 mm3, and corneal volume).

Results:

On the evaluation of pre- and postmydriatic values, it was observed that the CCT (min) and HOA (2 mm3) increased significantly postmydriasis (P < 0.001 and 0.02, respectively). The effect of the mydriatic on corneal volume and HOA (3 mm3) was not found to be significantly different among pre- and postmydriatic values.

Conclusion:

This study emphasizes the role of dilating eye drops in increasing corneal thickness and corneal aberrations significantly, as measured by the Sirius tomogram, which plays a crucial role in planning various refractive procedures.
Study of Etiology of Vitreous Hemorrhage in Adult Patients Attending Tertiary Care Eye Center in Western India
Authors: Desai Neha , Panchal Margi , Aggarwal Somesh , Negi Puja
Published: December 2024

Aim:

The aim is to study the etiology of vitreous hemorrhage in adult patients attending tertiary care eye center and to find the most common systemic association of vitreous hemorrhage in our hospital scenario.

Materials and Methods:

This was an observational, cross-sectional study done over a period of 2 years at a tertiary referral center in Western India. Around 70 adult patients with vitreous hemorrhage were evaluated to find the etiology. Detailed history was taken, followed by complete ocular examination which included best-corrected visual acuity, fundus examination, and ultrasound B scan, when the media was hazy to assess vitreous and retina. Systemic investigations were done where needed.

Results:

In our study, 67% were male and 33% were female. Bilateral involvement was found in 19%. Maximum (36%) patients were between the age of 21–35 years. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (34%) was the most common cause of vitreous hemorrhage in our study, followed by trauma (26%) and diabetes mellitus being the most common systemic association of vitreous hemorrhage.

Conclusion:

Common etiology for vitreous hemorrhage was PDR followed by trauma. Adequate laboratory investigations are also needed to correlate systemic associations of vitreous hemorrhage and to guide for proper treatment.
Calotropis procera-Induced Keratitis
Authors: Kaur Rajwinder , Baghla Panku , Dahiya Priyanka , Rai Supreet
Published: December 2024

Calotropis
procera (Sodom apple) produces a large amount of latex, which possesses both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pharmacological characteristics in the eye. The local application generates a severe toxic inflammatory reaction and substantial eye morbidity. A 57-year-old man reported painless diminished vision in the afflicted eye with diffuse corneal edema. His best corrected visual acuity was 20/80. When investigated thoroughly, history revealed contact with latex of Calotropis. He was treated with topical steroids and vision improved to 20/20 in 1 week. A high index of suspicion and early and appropriate intervention may help in preventing severe vision loss. Public education regarding the toxicity of the C. procera can also help in preventing accidental injury.
The visual outcomes and corneal biomechanical properties after PRK and SMILE in low to moderate myopia
Authors: Joshi Shivani , Bari Aafreen , Shakkarwal Chetan , Agarwal Tushar , Dada Tanuj , Sinha Rajesh , Titiyal Jeewan Singh , Sharma Namrata
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To compare the corneal biomechanical parameters, visual outcome, and epithelial remodeling after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for low to moderate myopia.

Design:

Prospective, interventional, randomized, comparative study.

Methods:

Eighty eyes of 40 patients undergoing bilateral SMILE or PRK for low to moderate myopia (<-5 D SE) were included. They were divided into two groups based on the planned refractive surgery. Visual acuity, corneal biomechanics using Corvis-ST, epithelial mapping via anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and higher-order aberrations were recorded both preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 months and compared.

Results:

At 6 months follow-up, the corrected distance visual acuity as well as the postoperative spherical equivalent of both the groups were comparable (P = 0.13 and P = 0.32, respectively). The biomechanical parameters like deformation amplitude ratio (P < 0.01), inverse concave radius (P = 0.006), integrated ratio (P < 0.01), stress–strain index (P < 0.01), Ambrosio’s relational thickness (ArTH) (P < 0.01), and corneal biomechanical index-laser vision correction (P = 0.02) were altered more in the SMILE group than in the PRK group, while the biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (P = 0.16) was comparable. Epithelial remodeling (P = 0.59), higher-order aberrations (P = 0.53), and stromal keratocyte loss (P = 0.16) in both the groups were comparable.

Conclusion:

Both SMILE and PRK are comparably effective procedures for correction of low to moderate myopia in terms of visual outcomes; however, the corneal biomechanical stability in PRK is superior than that in SMILE.
Review of current methods of preparation and distribution of DMEK graft at the eye banks
Authors: Singh Shalini , Pantola Priyanka , Chaurasia Sunita , Das Sujata , Murthy Somasheila
Published: December 2024

The scope of eye banking activities has been expanding with the advances and techniques of keratoplasty. With the popularity of descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in the recent decade, there is a need to adopt the preparation of DMEK tissues in the eye banks. This necessitated surgical training of the eye bank technicians, development of infrastructure in the eye bank, innovative methods of graft preparation, and delivery for the surgery at distant surgery centers. Eye banks across various countries have devised and adopted different methods of providing DMEK grafts based on the demands and preferences of corneal surgeons. This review focuses on the strategies of DMEK graft preparation and its distribution at the eye banks.
Multimorbidity and Depression Increase Prevalence of Frailty of Community-dwelling Indonesian Older Adults: Indonesia Care Networks Study
Authors: Handajani Yvonne Suzy , Schroeder-Butterfill Elisabeth , Hogervorst Eef , Turana Yuda , Hengky Antoninus
Published: December 2024

Background:

Older adults with frailty have an increased risk of multiple negative health outcomes, such as disability, falls, and morbidity when exposed to physical stressors. The present study investigated the prevalence of frailty and associated risk factors among community-dwelling Indonesian older adults in several districts in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was done in several urban villages in Jakarta, Indonesia. It involved community-dwelling Indonesian older adults aged 60 and over. Sociodemographic and multiple health data were assessed and measured by a trained interviewer. Frailty was evaluated using Fried’s criteria.

Results:

The data analysis found a 14.7% prevalence of frailty among 518 participants. Multivariate analysis showed that frailty was independently associated with females (OR 3.62, 95% CI: 1.73–7.55), having multimorbidity (OR 2.01, 95% CI: 1.21–3.35), and clinical depression (OR 2.13, 95% CI: 1.24–3.65).

Conclusions:

Early interventions in younger older adults, especially women in their early 50s or 60s, might decrease frailty risk over age 60. Controlling chronic disease and better mental education and support to reduce depression risk could reduce frailty risk.
Designing a Framework for Evaluating the Scientific Productions
Authors: Norouzi Ali , Parsaei- Mohammadi Parastoo , Geraei Ehsan , Zare-Farashbandi Firoozeh
Published: December 2024

Background:

Evaluation of scientific productions to attract, maintain, and promote faculty members is one of the necessary processes of academic societies and is of interest to policy makers in the field of higher education. This study aimed to provide a uniform and native framework for evaluating the scientific productions of researchers in the fields of science and health in Iran.

Methods:

The current research used the single-stage fuzzy Delphi technique and AHP. The research community comprised 50 top scientific experts and researchers from the country. The data collection tool was a researcher-made checklist obtained from the review of literature and laws and regulations of Iranian universities and research institutions.

Results:

Data analysis led to the identification, prioritization and weighting of eleven criteria and 124 items for the intended framework, which are, respectively, author’s authority (scientific leaders) (15 items); database used in calculating the index (3 items); Innovation and technological impact (18 items); Gaining rank in national and international festivals related to the specialized field (6 items); Citations (7 items); subject area (3 items); level of cooperation (15 items); Types of scientific productions (54 items); scientific age (3 items); Evaluating, refereeing and monitoring of research, technology and innovation activities (2 items) Author`s role and position (1 item).

Conclusion:

The final framework obtained for evaluating Iranian researchers has 11 criteria and 124 items that can be used to compile an author-centered and native scientometrics index that leads to the same evaluation of health and science researchers.
Translation, Validity, and Reliability of Depression Literacy Questionnaire in Iranian Young Adults
Authors: Raiisi Fatteme , Ebrahimi Mohamad , Ghahvehchi_Hosseini Fahimeh , Jafari Kosar , Rahmati Fatemeh
Published: December 2024

Background:

Depression literacy has notable advantages in the early identification and treatment of depression. The current study was conducted with the aim of translating and investigating the validity and reliability of the Depression Literacy Questionnaire (D-Lit) in Iranian young adults.

Methods:

The current study entailed a descriptive-analytical study in which the translation, validation, and preparation of the Persian version of D-Lit were conducted. It had two stages: translation and validation. In order to check the composite reliability, the statistical population consisted of Iranian adults in the city of Mashhad, and 300 people participated in this study in the form of a census. The content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) indices were used for content validity.

Results:

The results of the content validity evaluation of this questionnaire indicated that both the CVR and CVI indices have higher-than-average coefficients (0.78 and 0.83). Furthermore, the Cronbach’s alpha value for the components of the D-Lit was found to be higher than 0.70. In the present study, the questionnaire’s reliability was assessed using the intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC), and the difficulty coefficient for the whole questionnaire and its sub-components was at a favorable level. Out of 22 questions, 17 questions of this questionnaire were retained and questions 1, 17, and 22 were removed due to low CVR and CVI in the validity stage, and questions 5 and 13 were removed due to common factor load in the factor analysis stage.

Conclusion:

According to the content validity and reliability in this study, this tool can be used to identify underlying factors, etiology, and treatment of depression.
Resolution of Nonspecific Low Back Pain in Athletes with Core Stability Exercises: A Systematic Review
Authors: Singhal Tanya , Jain Shilpa , Kalra Sheetal , Chorsiya Varsha , Dhiman Sapna , Chhabra Charu , Bhutani Jatin
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:

Complaints of nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) have been reported by several athletes, which consequently affects their sports performance. The integration of local trunk muscles and sensory processes necessary for stability and reducing back pain can be impacted using core stabilization exercises. The current review aims to synthesize evidence that evaluates the effect of core stability exercises (CSE) in athletes with NSLBP.

Materials and Methods:

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to conduct this systematic review. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database and various electronic databases in the English language, such as PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and other search engines, were searched for relevant research that had been published between 2018 and 2022.

Results:

Out of 18,016 studies on the initial search, 16,766 studies were removed because they were duplicates, ineligible by automation tools, and after title screening. An abstract review was done for the remaining 1250 studies. Five articles were initially included in this systematic review but eventually, in 2022, one of the articles was retracted from the public domain. Four full-text randomized controlled trials on core strengthening in athletes with NSLBP were assessed for eligibility and were included in this qualitative review.

Conclusions:

The findings from the included studies indicate that CSE significantly reduces pain intensity and disability, thereby playing a crucial role in the management of NSLBP. CSE should be considered when managing NSLBP in athletes, with a potential for even greater benefits when combined with other therapies.
Esonimi come elementi della terminologia specialistica e come sfida per l’apprendimento
Authors: Bjelobaba Saša , Mardešić Sandra
Published: December 2024

In questo articolo gli autori trattano la questione dello status e della rilevanza degli esonimi all’interno delle lingue standard italiana e inglese. Nello specifico, i nomi dei Paesi e i demotici relativi alle nazioni internazionalmente riconosciute vengono analizzati come parti integranti delle rispettive terminologie professionali pertinenti al settore delle relazioni internazionali e della diplomazia nonché ad altri settori professionali le cui attività si svolgono a livello internazionale o quelli che sono indissolubili dalla comunicazione interculturale in generale. Vengono presentati i risultati di una ricerca empirica svolta con gli studenti di Italianistica e gli studenti di Scienze Politiche presso l’Università di Zagabria che hanno raggiunto il livello B2 in italiano / in inglese. La ricerca comprendeva una verifica della padronanza delle forme degli esonimi nella lingua madre degli studenti, ovvero il croato, nonché in italiano / in inglese e un’ulteriore verifica della padronanza degli esonimi in italiano / in inglese condotta dopo il periodo di un mese assegnato agli studenti per l’apprendimento autonomo. Inoltre, gli autori si erano prefissi lo scopo di stabilire quale fosse la percezione degli studenti sull’importanza degli esonimi per la loro futura competenza linguistica/professionale. I risultati della ricerca dimostrano che la padronanza iniziale degli esonimi da parte degli apprendenti di inglese era decisamente superiore a quella degli apprendenti di italiano, mentre maggiori progressi tramite il processo dell’apprendimento autonomo sono stati ottenuti da parte degli apprendenti di italiano. Nonostante il fatto che gli studenti abbiano attribuito un livello elevato di importanza all’acquisizione degli esonimi, i risultati della ricerca fanno capire che la motivazione sottostante non è effettivamente intrinseca; per questo motivo l’apprendimento andrebbe maggiormente articolato e guidato, mentre i suoi esiti andrebbero preferibilmente sottoposti a una valutazione formale accademica.
Joanna Kic-Drgas & Violeta Jurkovič: Paths of purpose: a journey into LSP teacher development. Brill, 2024.
Authors: Kirkgöz Yasemin
Published: December 2024

This volume, authored by Joanna Kic-Drgas and Violeta Jurkovič, offers a comprehensive exploration of the educational and professional development of teachers specializing in languages for specific purposes (LSP). It provides a comparative analysis of the educational systems in Poland and Slovenia, highlighting the roles, competencies, and career trajectories of LSP teachers. The book opens with a preface, which outlines the main objectives, followed by five chapters, each divided into subsections, and concludes with a synthesis section, where the authors summarize the key points of each chapter. It delves into various critical aspects of LSP teaching, including needs analysis, curriculum development, materials design, and assessment methods. The authors present their involvement in relevant projects, and share findings from their empirical research with language teacher educators; as such, the book offers valuable insights into both pre-service and in-service professional development for LSP teachers.
Evidentiality in Climate Change Discourse by King Charles III
Authors: Kapranov Oleksandr
Published: December 2024

The issue of climate change is a serious challenge to human beings, the environment, the planet in general and individual countries in particular (Gardiner, 2024; Yasmin, 2024). As far as the issue of climate change in individual countries is concerned, in the United Kingdom (UK), for instance, climate change resurfaces quite routinely as a topic of political debates by the major political actors (Kapranov, 2024a; Ruiu et al., 2024), who usually regard it through the lens of scientific evidence (Sébastien et al., 2014; Strassheim & Kettunen, 2014). The current British monarch, King Charles III, is also reported to use science-based evidence in his public speeches and written communication on the issue of climate change (Lovelock & Lovelock, 2013). Presently, however, little is known about how evidence, and more specifically, evidentiality are represented in King Charles III’s speeches on this issue. In light of the lack of studies on evidentiality in King Charles III’s speeches on climate change, the article presents a mixed-methods study, which aims to (i) identify, (ii) classify and (iii) analyse the categories of evidentiality in a corpus of speeches on climate change delivered by King Charles III. The study is informed by the view of evidentiality as a category in its own right (Aikhenvald, 2004), which expresses “the kinds of evidence a person has for making factual claims” (Anderson, 1986: 273). Guided by Aikhenvald’s (2004) classification of evidentiality, the analysis of the corpus revealed that evidentiality in King Charles III’s speeches on climate change was manifested by several categories, namely (i) assumption, (ii) hearsay, (iii) inference, (iv) non-visual sensory, (v) quotative, and (vi) visual. Furthermore, the analysis established that the quotative category of evidentiality was dominant in the corpus. The finding was taken to indicate that King Charles III’s speeches on the issue of climate change involved, to a substantial degree, evidence-based judgements on the matter.
Hamlet v prevodu B. L. Pasternaka in M. L. Lozinskega
Authors: Bizjak Vitja
Published: December 2024

Da bi bolje razumeli vlogo Shakespearja in njegovih del v ruskem kulturnem prostoru, v prispevku najprej podamo kratek zgodovinski pregled prevajanja Hamleta v ruščino. Ta zajema prevodno specifiko Aleksandra Sumarokova, čigar stvaritev s sredine 18. stoletja je bolj samostojno dramsko delo kot prevod, Mihaila Vrončenka, ki vzpostavi nekatere nove prevajalske smernice, in Nikolaja Polevoja, ki ustvari pomanjkljiv, a svojčas priljubljen prevod. Po kratkem orisu trenutnega stanja in obdobja t. i. parazitskega prevoda se osredotočimo na dogajanje v prvi polovici 20. stoletja. Izpostavimo poskusa nesojenega Nobelovega nagrajenca Borisa Leonidoviča Pasternaka ter Mihaila Leonidoviča Lozinskega, ki velja za enega najbolj izpopolnjenih ruskih književnih prevajalcev. Njuna prevoda prvega dejanja Shakespearjeve tragedije primerjamo med seboj, z izvirnikom ter s slovenskim prevodom Otona Župančiča. Na primerih preučimo, kako sta se prevajalca lotevala pomenskih, zvočnih, oblikovnih in drugih izzivov, ki jih poraja besedilo. Iščemo predvsem trenutke, kjer prihaja do izrazitejših razhajanj, vseeno pa opozarjamo tudi na tiste, kjer sta se odločila za enako rešitev. V manjši meri se posvetimo kritiškemu odzivu na prevoda in teoriji s področja prevodoslovja. Ugotovimo, da je Pasternak na prvo mesto postavljal ritmičnost, poleg tega pa je skušal kar najbolj posnemati individualiziranost govora, značilno za Shakespearjeve drame; na drugi strani je Lozinski skorajda do črke natančno sledil izvirniku, a njegov prevod zato deluje manj živo. Vseskozi si zastavljamo večno prevajalsko vprašanje: je legitimnejši prost ali zvest prevod? Razmišljamo o prednostih in slabostih obeh prevodov ter njuni zapuščini, katere odmev je v Rusiji čutiti še danes.