bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zoning of a Newly-Planted Vineyard: Spatial Variability of Physico-Chemical Soil Properties
Authors: Mirás-Avalos José Manuel , Fandiño María , Rey Benjamín J. , Dafonte Jorge , Cancela Javier J.
Published: October 2020

Soil properties show a high spatio-temporal variability, affecting productivity and crop quality within a given field. In new vineyard plantations, with changes in the initial topographic profile, this variability is exacerbated due to the incorporation of soil from different origins and qualities. The aim of the current study was to characterize the variability of soil properties in a newly established vineyard, and delineating zones for site-specific management of fertilization. For this purpose, the soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) in the first 150 cm was measured with an electromagnetic induction sensor. A soil sampling was performed following a regular grid (35 × 35 m, 149 samples), collecting samples down to 40 cm depth for determining soil chemical properties. Spatial variability was assessed through semivariogram calculation and ordinary kriging. The soil properties that better represent the variability in this newly established vineyard were pH, effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC), carbon content, clay and ECa. The ECa was homogeneous all over the vineyard, except for the area closer to the river where a greater human intervention had occurred, with contributions of external soil at a greater depth. Soil properties showed a great spatial variability. Interpolated maps allowed for detecting areas with a lack of nutrients in which a differential fertilization could be performed in search of a sustainable and balanced production. The information provided by the maps of pH, ECEC and carbon and potassium contents allow for performing a differential management of the vineyard in terms of fertilization. In addition, the results obtained suggest that the vineyard should be divided into two sectors for a differential irrigation management. The ECa was not significantly correlated to most of the soil properties determined in the current study; however, it allowed for a low-cost mapping of the vineyard soil and established large areas of management within the vineyard.
Results of Beer Game Trials Played by Natural Resource Managers Versus Students: Does Age Influence Ordering Decisions?
Authors: Turner Benjamin L. , Goodman Michael , Machen Rick , Mathis Clay , Rhoades Ryan , Dunn Barry
Published: October 2020

Systems involving agriculture and natural resources (AGNR) management and representing integrations of biologic, geologic, socio-economic, and climatic characteristics are incredibly complex. AGNR managers purport using a systems-oriented mental model while many observed management and policy strategies remain linear or symptom-driven. To improve AGNR professionals’ systems thinking abilities, two programs, the King Ranch® Institute for Ranch Management at Texas A&M University-Kingsville (KRIRM) and the Honors College at South Dakota State University (SDSUHC), implemented the famous Production Distribution Simulation Game (a.k.a. the Beer Game) into their programs beginning in 2003 and 2011. A Beer Game database consisting of 10 years of trials or over 270 individual players was compared to seminal work in the literature as well as to one another. We found that AGNR managers and students performed worse than players in a seminal Beer Game study. More interestingly, we found that younger players adapted more readily to inventory surpluses by reducing the order rates and effective inventories significantly when compared to older players (p < 0.10 for retailer and distributors, and p < 0.05 for wholesales and factories). We substantiated our results to those in more recent studies of age-related decision-making and in the context of common learning disabilities. Lastly, we discuss some implications of such decision-making on 21st century AGNR problems and encourage AGNR disciplines to better integrate system dynamics-based education and collaboration in order to better prepare for such complex issues.
Thermo-Reversible Gelation of Aqueous Hydrazine for Safe Storage of Hydrazine
Authors: Ochiai Bungo , Shimada Yohei
Published: October 2020

A reversible gelation–release system was developed for safe storage of toxic hydrazine solution based on gelation at lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and its copolymer could form gels of 35wt% hydrazine by dissolution under low temperature and storage at ambient temperatures. For example, PNIPAM gelled a 63 fold heavier amount of 35wt% hydrazine. Aqueous hydrazine was released from the gels by compression or heating, and the gelation–release cycles proceeded quantitatively (> 95%). The high gelation ability and recyclability are suitable for rechargeable systems for safe storage of hydrazine fuels.
PrEP Use Awareness and Interest Cascade among MSM and Transgender Women Living in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Cempaka Rissa , Wardhani Brigitta , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung , Januraga Pande Putu , Bavinton Benjamin
Published: October 2020

Indonesia has not implemented HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) despite global calls for its scale-up, and there is limited information about attitudes towards PrEP among its potential users. We aim to present a PrEP cascade among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (known locally as “waria”) in Denpasar, Bali, from a cross-sectional survey with 220 HIV-negative MSM/waria recruited from one clinic in Denpasar. Only 16.4% of participants had heard of PrEP before. From first-to-last steps included in the cascade, we found 77.3% (170/220) of participants were classified with HIV high risk, 75.9% (129/170) perceived themselves as being at high risk, 81.4% (105/129) expressed interest in using PrEP, 78.1% (82/105) were willing to do PrEP procedures, 48.8% (40/82) were willing to pay 500,000–600,000 IDR, and only two participants had ever been on PrEP before (5.0% of those willing to pay and 0.9% of the total sample). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that self-perception of high HIV risk was lower among older age groups (p < 0.001 among 30–39; p = 0.002 among > 40) and higher among participants with multiple sex partners (p = 0.016). Interest in using PrEP was lower among participants with high social engagement as MSM/waria (p = 0.002) and was higher among participants with multiple sex partners (p = 0.020) and inconsistent condom use (p = 0.011). This study has shown a significantly low level of PrEP awareness among its participants and decreases in interest in PrEP use due to procedure and cost. It suggested that an appropriate PrEP campaign is needed if PrEP is going to be introduced in Indonesia.
In-Vitro Inactivation of Sabin-Polioviruses for Development of Safe and Effective Polio Vaccine
Authors: Abd-Elghaffar Asmaa A. , Rashed Mohamed E. , Ali Amal E. , Amin Magdy A.
Published: October 2020

After years of global collaboration; we are steps away from a polio-free world. However, the currently conventional inactivated polio vaccine (cIPV) is suboptimal for the post eradication era. cIPV production cost and biosafety hazards hinder its availability and coverage of the global demands. Production of IPV from the attenuated Sabin strains (sIPV) was an ideal solution and scientists work extensively to perfect a safe, effective and affordable sIPV. This study investigated the ability of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ascorbic acid (AA) and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as alternatives for Formaldehyde (HCHO) to inactivate Sabin-polioviruses strains for sIPV production. Sabin-polioviruses vaccine strains were individually treated with AA, EGCG or H2O2 and were compared to HCHO. This was investigated by determination of the inactivation kinetics on HEP2C cells, testing of D-antigen preservation by ELISA and the immune response in Wistar rats of the four vaccine preparations. H2O2, AA and EGCG were able to inactivate polioviruses within 24 h while HCHO required 96 h. Significant high D-antigen levels were observed using AA, EGCG and H2O2 compared to HCHO. Rat sera tested for neutralizing antibodies showed comparable results. These findings support the idea of using these inactivating agents as safe and time- saving alternatives for HCHO to produce sIPV.
CD4+ T Cells Induced by Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccine H1 Can Improve the HIV-1 Env Humoral Response by Intrastructural Help
Authors: Klessing Stephan , Temchura Vladimir , Tannig Pierre , Peter Antonia Sophia , Christensen Dennis , Lang Roland , Überla Klaus
Published: October 2020

The induction of a potent and long-lasting, broadly neutralizing antibody response is one of the most promising approaches in HIV-1 vaccination. Recently, we demonstrated that Gag-specific T helper cells induced by DNA priming can enhance and modulate the HIV Env-specific B cell response upon virus-like particle (VLP) boost by intrastructural help (ISH). In order to minimize the induction of potentially harmful HIV specific TH cells, we explored the possibility to harness the heterologous TH cells induced by a recombinant tuberculosis subunit vaccine H1, which contains a fusion protein of Ag85B and ESAT-6 antigens in combination with the liposomal adjuvant CAF01. To provide ISH, immunodominant MHC-II restricted peptides from the H1 vaccine were genetically incorporated into the HIV 1 Gag protein and used for HIV VLP production. ISH effects on Env-specific antibody levels and B cell differentiation were analyzed in mice primed against H1 and boosted with VLPs. In contrast to non-primed mice, a significant increase of Env-specific IgG levels for up to 26 weeks after the last immunization was observed. This increase was largely caused by elevated IgG2b and IgG2c levels in mice that received H1 priming. Additionally, ISH enhanced the frequency of Env-specific long-lived plasma cells in the bone marrow. In this study, we were able to demonstrate that a heterologous prime-boost regimen consisting of the H1 tuberculosis subunit vaccine and T helper epitope modified HIV-1 VLPs resulted in enhanced HIV Env antibody and B cell responses, mediated by intrastructural help.
Continuity of care as a predictor of ongoing frequent attendance in primary care: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: McDermott Adam , Sanderson Emily , Metcalfe Christopher , Barnes Rebecca , Thomas Clare , Cramer Helen , Kessler David
Published: October 2020

Background

Frequent attenders (FAs) in primary care receive considerable resources with uncertain benefit. Only some FAs attend persistently. Modestly successful models have been built to predict persistent attendance. Nevertheless, an association between relational continuity of care and persistent frequent attendance remains unclear, and could be important considering both the UK government and Royal College of General Practitioner’s (RCGP) aim of improving continuity.

Aim

To identify predictive measures (including continuity) for persistent frequent attendance that may be modified in future interventions.

Design & setting

This is a retrospective cohort study sampling 35 926 adult patients registered in seven Bristol practices.

Method

The top 3% (1227) of patients by frequency of GP consultations over 6 months were classed as FAs. Individual relational continuity was measured over the same period using the Usual Provider Continuity (UPC) index. Attendance change was calculated for the following 6 months. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine variables that predicted attendance change.

Results

FAs were on average 8.41 years older (difference 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.33 to 9.50, P<0.001) and more likely to be female (65.36% versus 57.88%) than non-FAs. In total, 79.30% of FAs decreased attendance over the subsequent 6 months. No association was found between continuity and subsequent attendance. Increasing age was associated with maintained frequent attendance.

Conclusion

Continuity does not predict change in frequent attendance. In addition to improving continuity, recent government policy is focused on increasing primary care access. If both aims are achieved it will be interesting to observe any effect on frequent attendance.
Online forum users’ views and experiences of managing irritable bowel syndrome: a qualitative analysis of discussion content
Authors: Teasdale Emma , Clarke Hannah , Chen Nick , Everitt Hazel
Published: October 2020

Background

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common and often negatively affects quality of life. Patients frequently perceive medical interventions as inadequate and seek support from other sources, including online discussion forums.

Aim

To explore online discussion forum topics posted by people with IBS.

Design & setting

A qualitative study exploring three UK-based online discussion forums.

Method

A scoping review identified UK-based discussion forums with high activity and frequent use, which did not require a password/registration to view posts (two IBS-specific and one general health forum). Internal search functions were used to identify and export relevant discussion threads relating to managing IBS. Inductive thematic analysis of exported discussions was undertaken.

Results

Analysis identified two main overarching themes from 122 relevant discussion threads: 1) sharing information and practical advice about lifestyle changes; and 2) receiving emotional support. The most prevalent topics were lifestyle changes, including diet, using oral preparations (for example, supplements or probiotics), and physical activity. Dietary changes were usually considered positive, and most hopeful for potentially alleviating symptoms. Emotional support was also regularly offered with expressions of empathy, kindness, and gratitude, and a sense of users feeling less alone. Some discussions raised concern around potentially inappropriate symptomatic reassurance, and negative or conflicting advice.

Conclusion

Online forums seem, generally, to be a positive experience for those posting, but include potential risks of misinformation. Most posts focus on symptomatic relief through lifestyle change and/or emotional support. Clinicians could gain a better understanding of patients’ ideas, concerns, and expectations of IBS diagnosis and management by asking about patient-acquired online forum information.
La meditación según Anselmo de Canterbury
Authors: Martines Paulo
Published: October 2020

Con el tema de la meditación somos introducidos directamente en el ámbito de la espiritualidad monástica, de la cual San Anselmo de Canterbury es uno de los representantes más significativos de la Alta Edad Media. Como monje benedictino, él reconoce y vive plenamente la reflexión sobre sí mismo entendida como introspección: se trata del ejercicio del retiro para, en silencio, buscar a Dios. El distanciarse del mundo (un tipo de contemptus mundi) y el amor del reino de Dios constituyen los signos más indicativos de la felicidad que puede ser experimentada por un monje del siglo XI. Uno de los primeros aspectos de la meditación es la conquista del yo interior como auto reconocimiento del alma para la búsqueda de Dios a través de la fe. Este trabajo se centrará en la discusión sobre la meditación en el contexto de la espiritualidad monástica de la época de Anselmo de Canterbury y en el modelo de oración meditativa elaborado sobre (1) el Proslogion, un tratado conocido por ser una meditación de la razón de la fe; y (2) la Tercera Meditación, que considera la redención de la condición humana. El objetivo del trabajo es mostrar que la meditación y la contemplación, según San Anselmo, alcanzan su completo significado por medio del misterio de la salvación.
When might claims of “too much litigation” be other than political sloganeering?
Authors: Haltom William T. , McCann Michael W.
Published: October 2020

This paper answers “Too Much Litigation?” in three ways. First, when politicos presume or assert that the culture of the United States suffers too much litigation, they often trade in political talking points, expedient distortions, disingenuous enumeration, and opportunistic anecdotalism that tend to preserve or increase the advantages of those who have more over those who have less. Second, when analysts inquire what kinds of litigation serve what purposes well and what purposes poorly, “too much litigation” or “too much litigiousness” may rise above political sloganeering to the extent that scholars take into account how litigation affects the advantages and disadvantages of have-mores and have-lesses. Third, when scholars reconceive litigation as authoritative allocation of values beyond merely winning cases, reaping fees and rewards, and moving law or policy incrementally, notions such as “litigious” and “litigiousness” may become far more and far better than political sloganeering.
Predicting the Risk of Developing Silicosis in Refractory Workers
Authors: Obukhova TYu , Budkar LN , Solodushkin SI , Karpova EA , Shmonina OG
Published: October 2020

We conducted a study of refractory workers exposed to multiple occupational hazards, the most important of which being dust aerosols of predominantly fibrogenic action. Our objective was to identify the spectrum of predictors of the occupational disease in refractory workers and to build a predictive mathematical model using multivariate analysis to assess the likelihood of developing silicosis. Materials and methods: The case reports of 172 refractory production workers were analyzed. The main group consisted of 75 silicosis patients and the control cohort consisted of 97 experienced workers without this occupational disease. The groups were comparable in gender (p=0.052), dust exposure (p=0.862), and the severity of the work process (p=0.147). We assessed a wide specter of factors related to refractory workers’ health and occupational conditions significantly affecting the timing of developing occupational pulmonary fibrosis. Results: In the silicosis patients, arterial hypertension (p=0.005), left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy (p=0.002), coronary heart disease (p=0.010), chronic circulatory depression (p=0.010), low hemoglobin level (p=0.022), and low speed and volume criteria of external respiration function were significantly more prevalent. We established four important independent factors associated with the development of silicosis in refractory workers including age, time-weighted average and maximum one-time dust concentrations, and the forced expiratory volume in the first second. Conclusions: We observed a medium work-relatedness of hypertension, a strong work-relatedness of left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy, sinus node tachycardia syndrome and obesity, and a very strong work-relatedness of impaired fasting glycemia. Using a logistic regression, we built a silicosis development predictive model having high predictive ability (82.8 %), sufficient sensitivity (85.2 %) and specificity (80.0 %). The model was tested and verified on clinical examples and can be used to predict the probability of silicosis in refractory workers.
Optimizing the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds with High Anti-oxidant Activity from Mango Seed Kernel Wastes Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Dave C. Siacor Francis , Lobarbio Camila Flor Y. , Taboada Evelyn B.
Published: October 2020

Mango seed kernels (MSK), which are waste streams in mango processing industry, are good sources of phenolic compounds with high anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral properties. These phenolic compounds are reported to have an increasing demand over the years in the quest for healthy ready-to-eat food and nutraceuticals. To recover these compounds from MSK, solid-liquid extraction (SLE) can simply be applied, although there is a knowledge gap in in the systematic exploration of this process for mango-based phenolic compounds. In this work, phenolic compounds were extracted from MSK through SLE using ethanol-water solvent system. A statistical-based approach was used to evaluate and optimize the extraction conditions in relation to yield of phenolic compounds from MSK. The central composite design together with response surface methodology was adopted to assess the effect of extraction temperature (30oC, 45oC, and 60oC) and ethanol concentration (25% – 75%) under fixed extraction time (105 min) and solid-to-solvent ratio (1:10) on the extraction yield. Both temperature and ethanol concentration provided positive effects on the yield and the following optimum conditions of temperature and ethanol concentration were obtained at 63.21oC and 53.21% ethanol, respectively. A second-order polynomial equation was obtained describing the extraction process, and a validation test of this response model showed that it sufficiently described the process. Furthermore, the extracts obtained at optimal conditions possess a potential antioxidant activity at IC50 = 45 ± 0.002 µg GAE mL-1 extract. The results indicated that phenolic compounds in MSK can be recovered through extraction using aqueous ethanol. This study also promotes value-addition of a seemingly useless waste material while reducing its health and environmental impact.
A STUDY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS AIR FILLED POTATO CHIPS PACKET IN ASSAM, INDIA.
Authors: Mitra Aditee
Published: October 2020

Potato chips, one of the most enjoyed and popular snacks attract consumers of various age groups. While the truth is that the demand of potato chips is never ending, what is interesting here is that even though consumers are dissatisfied due to excess air content in potato chips, still they prefer to have it from time to time. It is unusual to find such buying behavior of consumers. This paper aims to highlight in depth about the factors that cause such behavior and also throw light towards the brand loyalty of such consumers.
SUICIDAL IDEATION AMONG CYBER BULLYING VICTIM COLLEGE STUDENTS
Authors: Naaz Kashfi
Published: October 2020

Cyber bullying victims have the most noteworthy paces of suicidal ideation, requiring hypothesis and exploration researching self destruction and its avoidance in later-life. The experience of suicidal ideation is fundamentally connected with discouragement, sadness, negative wellbeing results, and mortality among cyber bullying victims. The research reported in this paper examines the impact of ethnicity, stream and gender on suicidal ideation among cyber bullying victim college students. The data obtained by stratified random sampling was based on three sub-groups of ethnicity (tribal and nontribal), stream (arts and science) and gender (male and female). The sample of 160 students was drawn from different colleges of Ranchi University. Suicidal ideation scaled by Dr Sisodia and Dr Bhatnagar was used to measure level of suicidal ideation. The findings obtained revealed that victims of different ethnicity and stream not differ to each other with respect of suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation of the female victim students is higher than male victim students. It confirms the role of gender effect on the suicidal ideation. No two and three way interaction effect of independent variables was found significant. In general there is a need of further exploration on bigger sample size and distinctive populace.
MOTIVAÇÃO DE MULHERES PARA ADESÃO E PERMANÊNCIA NAS ATIVIDADES DE DANÇA NO PARQUE DA CIDADE EM PORTO VELHO – RO
Authors: Lima Jéssica Cristina Rodrigues de , Passos Ricardo Pablo , Silio Luís Felipe , Almeida Érika de Araújo , Lima Luis Fernando de Oliveira , Oliveira José Ricardo Lourenço de , Oliveira Heleise Faria dos Reis de , Fileni Carlos Henrique Prevital , Vilela Junior Guanis de Barros , Bernaldino Elizângela de Souza
Published: October 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar os motivos para escolha e adesão da atividade de dança no Parque da Cidade no munícipio de Porto Velho-RO. Para tanto foi realizada uma pesquisa de estudo de caso, com 09 (nove) mulheres participantes de atividades de dança na faixa etária de 43 a 62 anos. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados foi utilizado um questionário estruturado pelo pesquisador com 12 questões mistas. A pesquisa foi submetida ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e após sua aprovação a coleta de dados foi realizada entre os meses de março e abril de 2020 pelo aplicativo google forms de forma on-line. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva percentual. Com resultados encontrados constatou-se que as mulheres investigadas apontaram como motivos para participação nas atividades de danças à autoestima, a melhoria da saúde mental, social e física. A perda de peso foi associada de forma positiva como um fator determinante para permanência das mulheres nas atividades de dança.
ANÁLISE DA PERCEPÇÃO SUBJETIVA DE RECUPERAÇÃO EM ATLETAS DE FUTSAL DURANTE UMA COMPETIÇÃO OFICIAL
Authors: Ribeiro Sueven Rick Carneiro , Araujo Sivone Costa de , Bezerra Alexsandra Marques , Cruz Ricardo Alexandre Rodrigues Santa
Published: October 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo foi quantificar a recuperação de atletas utilizando o método da Percepção Subjetiva de Recuperação (PSR) em partidas oficiais de futsal. A amostra foi constituída por 11 atletas do sexo masculino com idades compreendidas entre 18 a 25 anos e com mais de 5 anos de experiência na modalidade que participaram da Divisão Especial da Taça Brasil de Clubes de Futsal. Foi avaliado o comportamento da PSR em resposta à cinco jogos oficiais de futsal na fase classificatória da competição. A quantificação da PSR dos atletas foi realizada após 24 horas de cada partida. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, foi utilizado o método da PSR, uma escala psicrométrica subjetiva de recuperação utilizada aleatoriamente entre os atletas de forma individual com escala de 0-10, onde 0 é totalmente cansado e nada energético e 10 altamente recuperado e muito energético. Foram encontrados valores médios de 7,76 ± 1,22 de PSR após o período de 24 horas de recuperação. Os resultados indicam que os atletas se mantiveram bem recuperados ao longo da competição. Podemos concluir que a PSR é um método confiável para mensurar a percepção de recuperação de atletas de alto nível após partidas oficiais de futsal.
Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, dan Rasio Aktivitas Pengaruhnya terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pertambangan Sub Sektor Batubara yang Terdaftar di BEI periode 2016-2018
Authors: Yofhi Septian Panglipurningrum  , Novita Dwi Andriani
Published: October 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh profitabilitas, likuiditas dan rasio aktivitas terhadap nilai perusahaan pada perusahaan pertambangan sub sektor batubara yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Periode dalam penelitian ini adalah 3 tahun, yaitu tahun 2016-2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 10 perusahaan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan secara parsial profitabilitas berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,020. Likuiditas secara parsial berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,465. Rasio aktivitas secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,197. Secara simultan profitabilitas, likuiditas dan rasio aktivitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan nilai F signifikan sisa sebesar 0,048. Kemampuan variabel profitabilitas, likuiditas dan rasio aktivitas dalam menjelaskan nilai perusahaan 17,2% sebagaimana besarnya adjusted R square 0,172 sedangkan sisanya sebesar 82,8% dipengaruhi faktor lain yang tidak dimasukkan ke dalam model penelitian.
Risk factors for the development of cerebrovascular disorders in patients after cardiosurgical interventions
Authors: Mishchenko Tamara , Mishchenko Vladyslav , Zdesenko Iryna , Kharina Kateryna
Published: October 2020

The article is dedicated to the study the risk factors of cerebrovascular disorders development after cardiosurgical interventions. It was shown that the most significant factors are: arterial hypertension — 100.0 %, hypercholesterolemia — 100.0 %, multiple lesions of the brachiocephalic arteries (73.3 %) and arteries of the lower extremities (26.7 %), type II diabetes mellitus (53.3 %) and renal failure (40 %), the presence of bad habits associated with chronic intoxication (46.7 %), psychoemotional overstrain (76.7 %), the impact of surgical techniques interventions and the presence of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency in patients which sent to the operation. A complete laboratory-instrumental and neurological preoperative examination, an adequate assessment of the cerebral hemodynamics system creates the basis for reducing postoperative cerebral disorders and the basis for the development of a complex of preventive measures.
Key words: risk factors, cardiosurgical interventions, cerebrovascular disorders
Echinops Spp. Polysaccharide B Ameliorates Metabolic Abnormalities in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hao Guang , Ma Xiaoyu , Jiang Mengru , Gao Zhenzhen , Yang Ying
Published: October 2020

This study examined the in vivo effects of Echinops spp. polysaccharide B on type 2 diabetes mellitus in Sprague-Dawley rats. We constructed a type 2 diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat models by feeding a high-fat and high-sugar diet plus intraperitoneal injection of a small dose of streptozotocin. Using this diabetic rat model, different doses of Echinops polysaccharide B were administered orally for seven weeks. Groups receiving Xiaoke pill and metformin served as positive controls. The results showed that Echinops polysaccharide B treatment normalized the weight and blood sugar levels in the type 2 diabetes mellitus rats, increased muscle and liver glycogen content, improved glucose tolerance, increased insulin secretion, and reduced glucagon and insulin resistance indices. More importantly, Echinops polysaccharide B treatment upregulated the expression of insulin receptor in the liver, skeletal muscles, and pancreas, and significantly improved the expression levels of insulin receptor substrate-2 protein in the liver and pancreas, as well as it increased insulin receptor substrate-1 expression in skeletal muscles. These two proteins play crucial roles in increasing insulin secretion and in controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus. The findings of the present study suggest that Echinops polysaccharide B could improve the status of diabetes in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats, which may be achieved by improving insulin resistance. Our study provides a new insight into the development of a natural drug for the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Baicalin Inhibits Kidney Inflammation in Mice with Diabetic Nephropathy by Modulating Toll-like Receptor 4/Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wang Benyong , Zhao Ning , Ma Pingyue , Xu Qunhong , Chen Qi
Published: October 2020

We have explored the effect of baicalin, an anti-inflammatory agent, on the outcome of diabetic nephropathy. To this end, we used 6 weeks old C57BL/6J male diabetic mice exhibiting nephropathy. The treatment with baicalin exhibited significant improvement in the renal function, histopathological changes, and expression of inflammatory markers. Moreover, the expression of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β in kidney tissue of the mice in baicalin group were significantly downregulated compared to the control group (P ‹ 0.05). The expression of toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation factor 88, and nuclear factor-kappa B proteins in the kidney of baicalin-treated mice were remarkably downregulated compared to the control group. Taken together, we conclude that baicalin may exert its protective effect on kidney by inhibiting inflammation through toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway in mice with diabetic nephropathy.
I am happy for us: Neural processing of vicarious joy when winning for parents versus strangers
Authors: Brandner Philip , Güroğlu Berna , Crone Eveline A.
Published: October 2020

This study investigated the neural processes underlying vicarious joy and their dependence on emotional closeness. Prior studies revealed that the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is a target brain region for processing rewards for self, but the neural mechanisms of processing rewards for others are not yet well understood. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm was employed in young adults (N = 30), in combination with a self-report questionnaire on the perceived emotional closeness to the target. We examined the neural correlates of vicarious rewards when winning money for oneself or one of three other targets. To examine family relationships, two of the targets were the mother and father of the participants, and the third target was an unknown stranger. We found an increase in activation in the NAcc when playing for family members compared with a stranger. We further observed a difference in neural activation when winning for the father compared with the mother in an extended network involving the medial prefrontal cortex and precuneus, brain regions involved in mentalizing. These findings were not related to reports of emotional closeness. This new paradigm has considerable value for future research into the fundamental neural processes underlying empathy and vicarious joy.
Water-soluble host–guest complexes between fullerenes and a sugar-functionalized tribenzotriquinacene assembling to microspheres
Authors: Liu Si-Yuan , Wang Xin-Rui , Li Man-Ping , Xu Wen-Rong , Kuck Dietmar
Published: October 2020

A sugar-functionalized water-soluble tribenzotriquinacene derivative bearing six glucose residues, TBTQ-(OG)6, was synthesized and its interaction with C60 and C70-fullerene in co-organic solvents and aqueous solution was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The association stoichiometry of the complexes TBTQ-(OG)6 with C60 and TBTQ-(OG)6 with C70 was found to be 1:1 with binding constants of Ka = (1.50 ± 0.10) × 105 M−1 and Ka = (2.20 ± 0.16) × 105 M−1, respectively. The binding affinity between TBTQ-(OG)6 and C60 was further verified by Raman spectroscopy. The geometry of the complex of TBTQ-(OG)6 with C60 deduced from DFT calculations indicates that the driving force of the complexation is mainly due to the hydrophobic effect and to host–guest π–π interactions. Hydrophobic surface simulations showed that TBTQ-(OG)6 and C60 forms an amphiphilic supramolecular host–guest complex, which further assembles to microspheres with diameters of 0.3–3.5 μm, as determined by scanning electron microscopy.
Long-term study on the development of approaches for a combinatorial task
Authors: Bräuning Kerstin
Published: October 2020

In a longitudinal research project over two years, we interviewed children up to 6 times individually to trace their developmental trajectories when they solve several times the same tasks from different mathematical areas. As a case study, I will present the combinatorial task and analyze how two children, a girl and a boy, over two years approached it. As a result of the case studies we can see that the analysis of the data product-oriented or process-oriented provides different results. It is also observable that the developmental trajectory of the girl is a more continuous learning process, which we cannot identify for the boy.
Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia and Local Self-Government in Moscow
Authors: Софьин Д.М.
Published: October 2020

Анализируется исторический опыт взаимодействия органов государственной власти и местного самоуправления в Москве и Московской губернии в 1891–1905 годах, в период генерал-губернаторства члена Российского императорского Дома Великого князя Сергея Александровича, брата императора Александра III и дяди императора Николая II. Несмотря на то что отдельные аспекты темы затрагивались в исследованиях ранее, в данной статье впервые комплексно рассматриваются вопросы взаимоотношений генерал-губернаторской власти с различными органами местного самоуправления — Московской городской думой, Московским губернским земством
и Московским губернским Дворянским собранием. Как показывает исследование, значительную роль во взаимодействии органов государственной власти и местного самоуправления играл субъективный фактор, что особенно наглядно проявилось во взаимоотношениях между Великим князем Сергеем Александровичем и московскими городскими головами. Анализ документов подводит к выводу, что Великий князь, занимая пост генерал-губернатора, совмещал в своей деятельности ясность и твердость с умеренностью и гибкостью, показывал умение находить достойное решение в случае конфликтных ситуаций, демонстрировал стремление налаживать конструктивное взаимодействие представителей государственной власти и местного самоуправления даже при неблагоприятных объективных и субъективных факторах.

The article provides a historical analysis of cooperation between the state and local self-government in Moscow and the Moscow Province in 1891–1905 when Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia, Alexander III’s brother and Nicholas II’s uncle, was Governor-General of Moscow. Some aspects of the issue have been previously investigated; however, the present article is a pioneer of a complex research of the Governor-General’s cooperation with various bodies of local self-government, such as the Moscow State Duma, the Moscow Provincial Zemstvo, the Moscow Noble Assembly. The research shows that the cooperation between the state and local self-government was significantly predetermined by subjective factors, such as the relationships between Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich and the Mayors of Moscow. The analysis of documents enables the author to conclude that being Governor-General, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich was clear-headed and determined, moderate and flexible, could find an adequate solution to conflicts and did his best to ensure a successful cooperation between the state and local self-government bodies even in adverse circumstances caused by both objective and subjective factors.
To the History of the Issue of Cabinda (a Historical Aspect of Modern Angola’s Development)
Authors: Дженчакова О.А.
Published: October 2020

В статье рассматриваются истоки возникновения вопроса Кабинды как затянувшегося территориального спора между официальными властями Республики Ангола и действующей на территории анклава Кабинда сепаратистски настроенной организацией — Фронта освобождения государства Кабинда, а также ее различными фракциями. Отмечается влияние геополитического фактора и нефтяных запасов на ситуацию в провинции, рассматриваются исторически обусловленные предпосылки и формально-правовые основания возникновения данного спора. Анализируются цели
и методы борьбы, применяемые сепаратистами, отмечается их разобщенность, противоречивость действий в отношении правительства в Луанде. Отражены взгляды высшего руководства страны на данную проблему, приведены некоторые меры, принимаемые правительством для урегулирования вопроса. Прослеживается динамика развития ситуации в последние годы, а именно перегруппировка сил сепаратистов, создание ими новой организация — Движение за независимость Кабинды, активисты которой уже включились в политическую борьбу и призывают к самоопределению провинции. В статье делаются некоторые прогнозы относительно развития событий вокруг анклава.

The article focuses on the sources of the Cabinda issue as a long-lasting territorial argument between the authorities of the Republic of Angola and the Front for the Liberation of the Cabinda Enclave,
a pro-separatist organization functioning in the territory of the Cabinda enclave and its fractions. The article highlights the significance of the geopolitical factor and oil reserves and their influence on the situation in the province. It treats historical prerequisites and formal legal basis of the argument. The article analyzes the aim and methods of struggle used by separatists. It underlines the inconsistency of their actions aimed at challenging the government in Luanda. The article describes Angolan authorities’ views on the problem and dwells on some measures taken by the government to regulate the issue. The article assesses the development of the situation throughout recent years. It focuses on the regrouping of the separatist forces, on the creation of a new organization called Independence Movement of Cabinda, whose activists are involved in the political struggle and call for national self-determination. The article makes
a few predictions associated with enclave-related developments.
THE ROAD TO THE ECONOMICS OF BREXIT: A NEW DIRECTION IN ECONOMIC RESEARCH
Authors: Mărginean Silvia Cristina , Orăștean Ramona , Sava Raluca
Published: October 2020

Brexit became an important subject not only for academics but also for international institutions,
research centers and consultancy companies, think tanks and independent experts. The aim of this article is to: (1) provide
a general approach of the literature; (2) see how the effects of Brexit are explained in such short-term approach and how
important are the economic issues in the debates; (3) identify directions for future research, arguing that a new field of
study emerged. The estimation of economic impact of Brexit has generated a reach literature in a short period, which identifies
the main issues, rather than providing strong results and conclusions. In order to fill this gap, our paper provide a systematic
review of the most important contributions and group them in four research directions: overall economic implications of Brexit;
Brexit and trade; migration and labour market; financial issues and Brexit.
Les tactiques géolégales des organisations d’usagers locales contre l’appropriation de l’eau par les secteurs extractifs au Chili
Authors: Nicolas-Artero Chloé
Published: October 2020

Cet article interroge les résistances locales au droit de l’eau, par les organisations d’usagers de l’eau de la vallée semi-aride d’Elqui au Chili, pour s’ériger en force contre l’extractivisme. Depuis la géographie juridique critique, il propose une réflexion sur les oppositions construites par des pratiques légales et spatiales pour préserver certains espaces de l’expansion du capitalisme extractif. L’identification et l’analyse de quatre tactiques géolégales – la régularisation des droits d’eau, la création d’un Sanctuaire de la Nature puis le détournement des lois sur l’irrigation et des Biens nationaux –, nuancent l’existence d’une avancée d’un front extractif par l’application de lois nationales. On assiste bien souvent à un double mouvement : un respect (au moins partiel) du droit, puis son détournement. Les rapports de pouvoir locaux sont infiniment plus complexes et indépendants des volontés politiques puisque le droit y est incessamment négocié, transformé et (re)produit à différentes échelles. En ce sens, la géographie juridique critique écarte tout spatialisme, ou déterminisme spatial, et rompt en même temps avec le formalisme et le fonctionnalisme juridique.
Adapter le world city network à la mesure de l’économie régionale. L’exemple du secteur de la logistique en Italie
Authors: Antoine Sébastien , Sillig Cécile , Ghiara Hilda , Ginet Pierre
Published: October 2020

Cette note de recherche présente une adaptation du world city network à l’échelle nationale italienne et au secteur de la logistique (Antoine et al. 2017). Les principales firmes de services logistiques nationales sont décomposées, en interne, à partir de divisons fonctionnelles et sectorielles, d’activités intensives en savoir et de postes hiérarchiquement élevés. Un réseau villes/firmes multicouche est ensuite construit. Il semble venir nuancer les approches régionales fondées sur un postulat territorial, qui sont dominantes en Italie.
La description archéologique : une pratique savante oubliée (1880-1914)
Authors: Campos Rémy
Published: October 2020

Dans les années 1880-1910, la description archéologique est une pratique courante sur les sites de fouilles, chez les savants ou pendant la visite des musées. Cet article, qui envisage le cas des préhistoriens français, analyse les formes prises par la description au cours des différentes étapes du travail savant : topographies, lexiques, commentaires d’images, analogies, guides présentant les collections d’objets. L’étude envisage aussi bien les pratiques normalisées promues par la Société préhistorique de France que les manières de faire plus libres de la plupart des archéologues, à partir d’exemples concrets pris dans des manuels et des monographies ainsi que dans les principales revues archéologiques.
Cultures juridiques et internationalisation des élites du droit. Le cas des juges de la Cour internationale de Justice
Authors: Marissal Amélie
Published: October 2020

Les trajectoires professionnelles d’élites internationales du droit peuvent-elles se comprendre comme le reflet de clivages entre cultures juridiques, par lesquelles s’organisent et s’affrontent des fractions différentes de ces élites juridiques ? L’article explore cette question par le biais d’une enquête prosopographique menée sur les juges de la Cour internationale de Justice. Mettant en évidence la construction d’un champ du droit international faiblement autonome, structuré par plusieurs clivages professionnels, il montre que si certains groupes professionnels au sein de certaines configurations culturelles disposent d’un accès privilégié à la Cour, les variations du profil des juges selon les origines géographiques s’expliquent d’abord par une histoire croisée des champs nationaux et internationaux du droit international.
Une institutionnalisation sans professionnalisation ? L’espace interstitiel de la communication gouvernementale en RFA
Authors: Hubé Nicolas
Published: October 2020

Dès 1949, le gouvernement d’Adenauer dispose et assoie la pratique d’un porte-parolat et d’un service de communication gouvernementale. Plus exactement, il dispose d’un appareil d’Etat construit et consolidé dès 1918. Cette pratique s’est construite par un long processus d’institutionnalisation de la politique symbolique gouvernementale. A partir d’une analyse des trajectoires des acteurs de la communication gouvernementale d’après-guerre, le constat peut surprendre. Bien qu’institutionnalisé, au regard des carrières des acteurs qui l’occupent, tout laisse à penser à l’incomplétude de la professionnalisation des acteurs de ce champ. Aucun groupe professionnel ne semble avoir imposé ses propres mécanismes de recrutement, d’entrée et de sortie voire de maintien dans cette activité de communication gouvernementale.
Végétal/Animal : l’inévitable conversation
Authors: Porcher Jocelyne
Published: October 2020

Quelles conversations avec les plantes peuvent aujourd’hui avoir la majorité des cochons et des ruminants ? Dans les productions animales, enfermés, privés de la moindre autonomie alimentaire, condamnés à une alimentation aussi répétitive que leurs journées, les vaches, les chèvres, les brebis, les cochons… n’ont plus aucun lien avec leur monde propre.
Framing Family Planning
Authors: Salaudeen Mistura Adebusola
Published: October 2020

Given the population explosion and high rate of maternal and infant mortality prevalent in many developing countries, family planning has been promoted as method of controlling the population growth and stemming the occurrence of these birth-related deaths with the mass media as the major campaign tools. This study examined the coverage of family planning-related news in selected Nigerian online newspapers from September 2017 to April 2019, measuring the presence of eight news frames. A quantitative content analysis of the stories revealed that family planning news frequently fell within the attribution of responsibility frame and solution frame. However, it was observed that not enough media attention was given to address misconceptions about family planning, and stories prompting readers to take action on family planning significantly outnumber stories that provided help-seeking information necessary to take such actions. The results provide important insights of how family planning news is reported in Nigerian newspapers.