bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial Technologies in the Banking Sector: Prospects and Security
Authors: Mukusheva A.G. , Zholamanova M.T. , Kuchukova N.K.
Published: August 2021

Object: Annually financial technologies have an increasing impact on the banking sector. The article provides definitions of the term "financial technologies" by international organizations, foreign, Russian and Kazakh experts. In the context of the fourth industrial revolution, the relevance of the topic is justified by a sharp increase in the development of financial technologies and spread of digitalization in the banking sector. The purpose of the research is to survey the impact of digital technologies on the financial sector.Methods: The main categories of financial technologies in the world and in Kazakhstan, in particular, are considered. The strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of financial technologies in the banking sector are analyzed.Findings: Digital transformation paves the way for a wide range of mobile data deployments that require ongoing security. In addition, the active development of information technology should stimulate the financial sector to be flexible and apply innovative approaches in all areas. The material also provides the prerequisites and reasons for digitalization in the area of banking services.Conclusions: The transition of traditional types of banking services to a new level of technological development shows a direct relationship between the development of financial technologies and data security. In this regard, it seems relevant to effectively allocate priorities, taking into account the characteristics and specifics of each subject of banking activities. In an increasingly competitive environment, the most rational and digitally oriented strategy of the bank is becoming important.
Diagnosis of the efficiency of the functioning of the plum (Prunus Domestica) promise cultivars and elite forms photosynthetic apparatus
Authors:   Institute of Horticulture NAAS of Ukraine, Кitayev О.І. , Kryvoshapka V.A. ,   Institute of Horticulture NAAS of Ukraine, Kishchak O.A. ,   Institute of Horticulture NAAS of Ukraine, Filyov V.V. ,   L.P. Symyrenko Research Station of Pomology of the Institute of Horticulture NAAS of Ukraine
Published: August 2021

The authors present the results of researching the functioning of the leaf apparatus of the plum promise cultivars and elite forms bred at the L.P. Symyrenko Research Station of Pomology that was carried out for the purpose of determining their potential adaptability and productivity. The plants functional state was studied by means of the portable fluorimetr ‘Floratest’ establishing the inductive changes of the leaves chlorophyll fluorescence. The analysis of the green pigments in them was conducted in spirit extracts applying the spectrophotometric method. The considerable negative correlation was revealed (r = -0,71) between the a/b chlorophylls correlation and pigments summary content (in mg/g of the humid substance), on the one hand, and the chlorophyll b and chlorophylls a/b correlation (r = -0,85), on the other hand. That proves the high regulatory capacity and adaptive ability (at the level of the chlorophylls certain forms synthesis) of the leaves chloroplasts pigment systems of all the investigated crop cultivars and elite forms to the changes of the light regime in the tree crown. Concerning the parameters which characterize the plants potential photosynthetic effectivity and productivity the variety Oda has been recognized the most productive one among early ripening, Cacakska Najbolja, Zamanchivaya and Yantarna Mliivs’ka among middle-ripening, Stanley, Bluefree and forms 8124 and 8143 among late-ripening. The form 9996 had the lowest photosynthetic processes efficiency as for all the parameters. The rather high adaptability has been detected of the leaf apparatus of the trees of all the cultivars and forms to the changes of the enlightenment conditions as regards the indicators of the chlorophylls Fpl 1 and Fpl 2 fluorescence induction and green pigments content in the leaves. According to the plateau Kpl coefficient the viral infection was not revealed.
Analysis of methods of diagnosis of bacterial diseases of tomatoes in Ukraine
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kolomiiets Y.V. , Butsenko L.M. ,   D.K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the NAS of Ukraine
Published: August 2021

Effective and economical methods of detection and identification necessary for the study of ecology, pathogenesis and limiting the spread of phytopathogenic bacteria, as well as for seed certification programs. The available methods for the detection and identification of four main causative agents of bacterial diseases of tomatoes Xanthomonas vesicatonia, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, which are common in Ukraine. These methods include microbiological using selective media, serological, molecular methods based on the amplification of unique DNA sequences. The use of modern biochemical test systems has eliminated the need to identify phytopathogenic bacteria using long-term routine methods. Commercially available commercial test systems provide rapid identification at the species level and also detect new and quarantine pathogens. PCR-based methods have advantages over traditional diagnostic tests because isolates do not need to be cultured before detection and protocols are highly sensitive and fast.
Determination of phytotoxicity of wastes of mechanical processing of polymer mixtures with their mechanical activation
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Malyshevska O.
Published: August 2021

Biotesting to assess the complex relationships between soil, contaminants and living organisms and to determine the impact on ecosystems of pollutants whose concentrations may be beyond the sensitivity of the methods of determination and the composition of which cannot be determined. The aim is to establish the level of phytoxicity of wastes of mechanical processing of polymer mixtures, which are extracted from solid household waste with the help of indicator plants. Methods. Evaluation of phytotoxic effects was performed by vegetation methods according to ISO: 17402-2008, 17126-2005a, 11269-1: 2012a, 11269-2: 2012b. Contamination levels of the test samples were assessed according to ISO 16198.Objects of research: watercress seeds, mustard, wheat, corn, soybeans, barley and sludge from the processing of polymer mixtures composed of polymer particles of different composition and quantity, along with the remnants of paper labels. Studies of the content of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni) were performed by atomic absorption method on a spectrophotometer type CAS-120.1 in accordance with generally accepted methods. Results. The studied sludge does not negatively affect the process of germination of watercress, mustard, corn. The level of phytotoxic effect of sludge on the germination of soybeans and barley was within acceptable limits and did not exceed 3.33%. The study of migration of heavy metals present in the sludge and their accumulation during the growth and development of plants showed their insignificant content regardless of the sludge content. Only the lead content was higher than in the control 2.13 times and 1.83 times higher than in "relatively clean soil". Conclusions. Determination of phytotoxicity of this type of sludge on the process of germination and vegetation changes of plants should be carried out on the most sensitive crops - watercress and mustard. A study of the migration of heavy metals present in the sludge and their accumulation during plant growth showed the presence of bound forms of heavy metals copper, nickel, cadmium and zinc - the migration of which has not been established. However, mobile forms of lead that migrate from the sludge and accumulate in plants have been identified.
Redescription of Tobrilus aberrans (Filipjev, 1928) (Nematoda, Enoplida: Tobrilidae)
Authors: Tsalolikhin S.J.
Published: August 2021

The lectotype of Tobrilus aberrans is designated from the Gulf of Finland, Russia. Descriptions of populations of T. aberrans from Grand Ploener Lake (Germany) and Tiberias Lake (Israel) are given.
A new species of Mirollia Stål from China (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae)
Authors: Gorochov A.V.
Published: August 2021

Mirollia deficientis sp. n. from China is distinguished from all other congeners by the proportions of body parts in combination with the shape of rostrum, male cerci, and male genital lobes.
A new water mite species of the genus Piona Koch from Karelia (Acariformes: Pionidae)
Authors: Tuzovskij P.V.
Published: August 2021

Piona shatrovi sp. n. (female) from Rudnichnoe lake in Kandalaksha National Park (Northern Karelia) is described.
Prevalencia de anemia en niños de 1 a 4 años de edad en Asunción y Central. Paraguay 2017
Authors: Galeano Fernando , Sanabria Gabriela , Sanabria Marta , Kawabata Aníbal , Aguilar Gloria , Estigarribia Gladys , Vuyk Iris , Muñoz Sergio , Pizarro Fernando
Published: August 2021

Introducción: Los niños constituyen el grupo más afectado por la anemia. En Paraguay no existen datos actualizados sobre prevalencia de anemia en menores de 5 años.

Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de anemia en niños previamente sanos de 1 a 4 años que acuden a consultorios de servicios de salud y guarderías de Asunción y Central de Paraguay, durante el año 2017.

Materiales y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, de corte transverso, observacional, descriptivo. Muestreo aleatorio, estratificado. Nivel de confianza: 95% Error de muestra: 5%. Variables: edad, sexo, hemoglobina, índices hematimétricos, ferritina, Proteína C reactiva (PCR), albúmina, zPeso/Edad, zPeso/Talla, zTalla/Edad, peso al nacer. Fueron analizadas medidas paramétricas y no paramétricas, χ2. La anemia se definió por criterios OMS para el grupo de 1 a 5 años de edad: Hemoglobina Hb<11 g/dL y Volumen Corpuscular Medio VCM< 72 fL Se utilizó el Programa Anthro v 3.2.2 y SPSS 16.0. Aprobado por Comité de Ética del Instituto de Medicina Tropical, se obtuvo consentimiento informado. Nivel de significancia<0,05. Resultados: Fueron reclutados 806 pacientes. Se determinó Hb, VCM y ferritina en 706 pacientes.327 (46,3%) fueron varones. El promedio de Hb fue 11,9±1,03 g/dL. Volumen corpuscular medio promedio 71,2±26 fL. Se encontraron 83/706 pacientes con anemia (11,8%), 44/83 (53%) fueron microcíticas (VMC<72 fL). PCR negativa 640/706 (90,7%) pacientes. El promedio de albuminemia fue 4,5±0,2 g/dL. El promedio de z Peso/Edad fue 0,29±1,33, z Peso/Talla -0,38±1,52 y el z Talla/Edad fue 0,92±1,64. Ferritina < 12µg/L fue del 17,6 %. No se encontró relación entre el peso al nacer y la anemia [p=0,11. RR: 1,45 (0,6- 2,3)]. La prevalencia de anemia en el grupo de 12 a 23 meses fue del 39 % vs el 6,9 % en preescolares (χ2 p<0,05).

Conclusiones: La prevalencia de anemia en lactantes de Asunción y Central constituye un problema de salud pública.

Conflicto de interés: Los autores declaran no poseer conflicto de interés.

Financiamiento: Este proyecto fue financiado por el CONACYT a través del Programa PROCIENCIA con recursos del Fondo para la Excelencia de la Educación en Investigación FEEI.

Recibido: 19/04/2021 Aceptado: 18/06/2021
Eficacia de la intervención nutricional del programa PANI luego de seis meses de tratamiento en el Hospital Regional de Concepción
Authors: Núñez Ninfa , Aguilar Gloria , Sanabria Marta Cristina
Published: August 2021

Introducción: Los programas alimentarios han demostrado ser herramientas eficaces para disminuir la prevalencia de desnutrición infantil.

Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia de la intervención nutricional del Programa Alimentario Nutricional Integral PANI en los cambios de los indicadores antropométricos y bioquímicos en niños < 5 años en riesgo de desnutrición y desnutridos que acudieron al Hospital Regional de Concepción, al ingreso al programa versus a los seis meses de intervención.

Materiales y métodos: Diseño prospectivo con componente analítico. Muestreo: 134 niños y niñas <5 años, beneficiarios del PANI en Concepción durante el año 2014. Puntos de corte para desnutrición y anemia según criterios OMS. Se utilizaron medidas paramétricas y no paramétricas, χ2, τ student. Significancia p< 0,05.

Resultados: 134 niños fueron evaluados.  Edad: x 22,4 meses. El 59,7 % fue lactante. Madres con < 6 años de estudio 17,9%, el 80,6% con ≤ de 3 hijos. Acceso a agua segura, 44,8% y saneamiento básico 40,3%. Lactancia materna exclusiva al 5to mes 7,5 %. La prevalencia de desnutrición disminuyó al 6to.mes del 14,9 % vs 4,4 % (p<0,01). La prevalencia de niños con riesgo de desnutrir disminuyó del 73,1 % al 27,6 % al 6to mes. Anemia al ingreso, 63%. Parasitosis intestinal al ingreso 24,6%. Deserción del PANI 31,3%.

Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la desnutrición y de la anemia disminuyó al 6to. mes de tratamiento en los niños beneficiarios del PANI en Concepción.

Conflicto de interés: Los autores declaran no poseer conflicto de interés.

Recibido: 22/04/2021 Aceptado: 06/07/2021
Cardiovascular Complication following Covishield Vaccination in Nepal: A Case Report
Authors: Basnet Angela , Ojha Shiva Kumar , Jha Suman Kumar , Paudyal Anjana , Khadka Manoj , Khadka Manita , Shrestha Dhan Bahadur
Published: August 2021

Nepal started the COVID-19 vaccination on 27 January 2021 with AstraZeneca/Oxford Coronavirus Disease-19 AZD1222 (Covishield) vaccine to control the Coronavirus disease pandemic. The vaccine has a good safety profile, with cardiovascular complications being rare. Herein we report a rare case of cardiovascular complication following Covishield vaccination in a 33 years old female who had dizziness and elevated blood pressure immediately following vaccination and abnormal electrocardiogram showing T wave inversions followed by left bundle branch block. The patient was kept on observation, following which the blood pressure and electrocardiogram changes were normal by seven days. This cardiovascular complication following the vaccination demands further investigation into the adverse event of the vaccine. However, since the benefit of the vaccine outweighs the risk, World Health Organization has recommended the continuity of the vaccine as of now.
Hoffa’s Osteochondroma - Para-articular Extrasynovial Infrapatellar Fat Pad Osteochondroma: A Case Report
Authors: Panta Sunil , Thapa Shrawan Kumar , Paudel Krishna Prasad , Kandel Manoj , Adhikari Bishwa Raj
Published: August 2021

Osteochondroma usually arises from the metaphyseal region of growing bones. The occurrence of extraskeletal osteochondroma is rare with very few case reports. Para-articular osteochondroma is a type of extraskeletal osteochondroma. It frequently occurs around the knee, usually at infrapatellar Hoffa’s fat pad. It is usually intracapsular but extrasynovial and arises from the capsule and connective tissues due to osteocartilaginous metaplasia. We present a case of 19-years male with anterior knee pain for 3 years, swelling, and deformity of the knee with flexion limitation for one year. Radiography revealed ovoid, corticated lesion free from adjoining bones. Mass interpreted as benign, so planned for excision. Well circumscribed nodule excised from the medial parapatellar approach. Histology revealed cartilaginous tissues surrounded by fibrous tissues with scattered enchondral ossification.Postoperatively and subsequent follow-up resulted in pain-free joint, complete recovery of range of motion with no clinicoradiological evidence of recurrence.
Medical Students Volunteering during COVID-19 Pandemic: Synopsis of Some Student-led Initiatives in Nepal
Authors: Basnet Pragyan , Joshi Anjali
Published: August 2021

The efforts shown by healthcare professionals, security personnel and the general public in fighting Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic is highly appreciable. Medical students are future healthcare professionals and have the opportunity to volunteer and help their seniors fight Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic. In Nepal, we as medical students are contributing by raising awareness about Coronavirus Disease 2019 along with some innovative initiatives which are Project Personal Protective Equipment, Project Telemedicine and the ″Donate Plasma, Help Defeat COVID-19″ Campaign. Since we were able to support thousands of frontline healthcare workers with personal protective equipment and reduce burden in hospitals by providing telemedicine service, we believe such volunteering and initiations from medical students can be an inspiration for all students for future crises.
Remission after Six Months of Induction Immunosuppressive Treatment with Mycofenolate Mofetil and Prednisolone in Patients with Lupus Nephritis: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shrestha Shailendra , Yadav Rahul
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Treatment of lupus nephritis consists of six months of induction immunosuppression followed by years of maintenance immunosuppression. The aim of present study was to find the prevalence of remission after six months of induction immunosuppressive treatment with induction therapy in patients with lupus nephritis.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the nephrology unit of department of internal medicine of a tertiary care hospital from September 2018 to September 2020. The study was approved by institutional review committee of same institution (reference number 184/2018). Convenience sampling method was used and Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 was used for statistical analysis. Point estimate at 90% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.
Results: Out of 24 patients, overall remission was seen in 21 patients (87.4%) (90% Confidence Interval= 76.26-98.54). Complete remission and partial remission were seen in 16 (66.6%) and 5 (20.8%) patients respectively resulting in an at the end of six months of induction immunosuppressive treatment. The most common class of lupus nephritis was class IV, 7 patients, followed by class IV+V, and class V, 6 patients in each respectively. The mean 24-hour urinary total protein, serum albumin and serum creatinine were 2492±1051 mg, 2.1±0.4 g/dl, and 0.9±0.1 mg/dl respectively. Adverse events were observed in 6 (25%) patients.
Conclusions: Our study shows that good proportions of patients with lupus nephritis achieve clinical remission at the end of six months of induction immunosuppressive treatment with induction therapy, however, at the cost of some tolerable side effects.
Dysmenorrhea among Nursing Staff in a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Pokhrel Manoj , Thapa Meena
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Menstrual disorders are problems faced by women in their reproductive period, which affects their day-to-day activities and the quality of life and sometimes can be an indicator of serious pathology. There are various types of menstrual disorders with dysmenorrhea being the commonest and most distressing. Health, sense of wellbeing and quality of life can be improved because of early detection and treatment for these disorders. The study aimed to find out the prevalence of dysmenorrhea among the nursing staff of a tertiary care center.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2020 to November 2020 among the nursing staff of a tertiary care hospital. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional review committee of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital (reference number: 1709202003). A convenient sampling technique was used. A pre-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The subjects were asked to fill the questionnaire anonymously after taking consent. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data.
Results: Out of 212 participants, 165 (77.8%) (95% Confidence Interval = 72.21-83.39) participants reported pain during menstruation. Of which, 61 (36.97%) participants reported abdominal pain.
Conclusions: The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was high among the nursing staff of a tertiary care centre which was similar to the findings of other studies done in similar settings.
Baptism – the Revelation of the Filial Relationship of Christ and the Christian
Authors: Kowalski Marcin
Published: August 2021

The author analyses Jesus’ baptism in Jordan, looking for its parallel in the Christian baptism. He begins by acknowledging the historicity of Jesus’ baptism and reflects on the meaning of the baptism of John by juxtaposing it with similar rites described in the Old Testament texts, in Second Temple Jewish literature, and in rabbinical sources. Then he analyses the meaning of Jesus’ baptism, criticizing the historical-critical interpretations that separate the scene of baptism from the theophany that follows it. According to the author, such an operation is unfounded due to the nature of ancient texts and the literary and thematic continuity between baptism and theophany in the synoptic Gospels. Further, the author presents arguments demonstrating that Jesus comes to Jordan already aware of his identity and mission, which the Father’s voice announces to others and objectivizes. In the last step, it is argued that Jesus’ baptism in Jordan together with the Lord’s death and resurrection could have been a point of reference for the early Christian understanding of baptism connected with the gift of the Spirit, with the filial dignity and the “Abba” prayer and with the inheritance of heaven. All these elements can be found in Rom 8:14-17,23 which describes the new life of those baptized in Christ.
Christian Worship at the Tomb of the Prophet Samuel on Mount Joy
Authors: Briks Piotr Mieszko
Published: August 2021

One of the exceptionally interesting examples of a living biblical tradition, maintained by Christian, Muslim and Jewish pilgrims for over sixteen hundred years, is the history of St. Samuel monastery on the Mount of Joy. The shrine was founded in the Byzantine period, but its heyday falls on the period of the Crusades. It was from here, after the murderous journey, that the troops of the First Crusade saw Jerusalem for the first time. The knights were followed by more and more pilgrims. On the hill, called Mons Gaudii, the Premonstratensians built their monastery, which in time became a real pilgrimage center. Based on the preserved traces, the author reconstructs the Christian chapters of the history of Nabi Samuel. He recalls people, events and traditions related to it, and also the accounts of pilgrims coming here.Christians left the Mons Gaudii probably at the end of the 12th century. Worship of the prophet Samuel were taken over by Muslims and Jews. For the latter the Tomb of Prophet Samuel became one of the most important places of pilgrimage, in some periods even more important than Jerusalem itself. There were numerous disputes and conflicts about holding control over this place, there were even bloody battles. In 1967 this place was taken by the Israeli army. Over time, a national park was created in the area around the mosque, in the mosque itself was established a place of prayer for Jews, and a synagogue in the tomb crypt. A slightly forgotten sanctuary began to warm up emotions anew.
Questi scese giustificato a differenza di quello L’analisi narrativa illumina la parabola del fariseo e del pubblicano (Luca 18,9-14)
Authors: Blajer Piotr
Published: August 2021

The parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector (Luke 18:9-14) contains an enigmatic expression παρ’ ἐκεῖνον (v.14) which conveys the final judgment on the characters. It is not entirely clear whether it should be interpreted in a comparative or exclusive sense. The present study aims to examine the way the narrator presents the two characters of the parable, the Pharisee and the tax collector, as well as the content of their prayers. Narrative criticism suggests that although both interpretations (comparative and exclusive) are possible it might be better to construe παρ’ ἐκεῖνον with a distinctive value. In fact, the new condition of the tax collector is different from his previous one and clearly distinguishes him from the condition of the Pharisee. In other words, the application of the narrative method suggests to translate the enigmatic complement παρ’ ἐκεῖνον in such a way that it makes visible the difference existing between the two characters.
Aktualizacja opłat rocznych z tytułu użytkowania wieczystego w świetle ustawy z dnia 20 lipca 2018 r. o przekształceniu prawa użytkowania wieczystego gruntów zabudowanych na cele mieszkaniowe w prawo własności tych gruntów
Authors: Stawecki Marek
Published: August 2021

W dniu 5 października 2018 r. weszła w życie ustawa z dnia 20 lipca 2018 r. o przekształceniu pra­wa użytkowania wieczystego gruntów zabudowanych na cele mieszkaniowe w prawo własności tych gruntów (Dz. U. z 2020 r. poz. 139 z późn. zm.). Skutkiem jej jest również konieczność uiszczania tzw. opłat przekształce­niowych. Wysokość ich jest równa wysokości opłat rocznych z tytułu użytkowania wieczystego, które obowią­zywałyby w dniu przekształcenia. Te ostatnie podlegają tzw. aktualizacji. W 2019 r. dokonano zmiany ww. usta­wy, którą należy ocenić jako niesprawiedliwą. Nałożyła się bowiem ona na trwające w jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego procedury aktualizacji. W okresie tym były już wszczęte oraz wszczynano kolejne postępowania aktualizacyjne, których efektem jest podwyższenie wysokości opłat rocznych z tytułu użytkowania wieczystego gruntów zabudowanych na cele mieszkaniowe, a w konsekwencji także i opłat przekształceniowych. W arty­kule wskazano, iż omawiana regulacja prowadzi w konsekwencji do nieuzasadnionego obniżenia opłat lub nieuzasadnionego zakończenia postępowań aktualizacyjnych w stosunku do wszystkich współużytkowników wieczystych danej nieruchomości. Stanowi ona nadmierną i nieuzasadnioną ingerencję ustawodawcy w samo­dzielność finansową jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Godzi również w konstytucyjnie zagwarantowaną ochronę „interesów w toku”. Ponadto sama redakcja omawianej regulacji w ustawie zmieniającej wywołuje wąt­pliwości interpretacyjne. Nie wiadomo bowiem, jakich dokładnie postępowań ona dotyczy. Problem ten jest konsekwencją dużego skomplikowania materii przekształcenia w kwestii skutków prawnych, nieprzejrzystości unormowań, a ponadto niedostrzegania przez prawodawcę ważnych problemów związanych z regulowaną materią. W artykule przeanalizowano i oceniono najnowsze zmiany legislacyjne prowadzące do przekształcenia prawa użytkowania wieczystego w prawo własności. Metodą badawczą, którą zastosowano w pracy, jest anali­za aktów prawnych oraz orzecznictwa sądowego.
Koncept advocatus fisci. Uwagi na marginesie książki Bronisława W. Sitka „Wybrane systemy prawnej i instytucjonalnej ochrony praw i interesów państwa”
Authors: Dębiński Antoni
Published: August 2021

Artykuł ma celu analizę monografii Wybrane systemy prawnej i instytucjonalnej ochrony praw i interesów państwa autorstwa Bronisława Włodzimierza Sitka, wydaną w 2020 r. przez Wydawnictwo Difin. Praca ta, obok wstępu i wniosków końcowych, składa się z ośmiu rozdziałów, z których pierwszy poświęcony jest rozwiązaniom wprowadzonym w czasach Imperium Romanum. Kolejne rozdziały stanowią omówienie wybranych systemów ochrony państwa, tj. polskiego, austriackiego, włoskiego, hiszpańskiego, szwajcarskiego, niemieckiego oraz USA, z równoczesnym omówieniem ich historycznego rozwoju. Analizowana monografia oceniona została jako przydatna dla osób zainteresowanych zagadnieniami łączącymi się z rzymską paremią Salus rei publicae suprema lex esto.
The Humanist Lawyer David Hilchen in the Polish Livonian and Polish Courts 1600-1609: The Reflection of His Proceedings in Letters
Authors: Siimets-Gross Hesi , Viiding Kristi
Published: August 2021

This article offers an insight to the Early Modern Polish history of law from an unusual perspective: namely, which was the contemporary view to the Polish legal and especially court system. For that, an almost unexplored Early Modern source, the unpublished Latin correspondence by the central humanist of Pol­ish Livonia David Hilchen (1561–1610), is used. In this paper, the principal issue touched by him, his own legal proceedings in the Polish-Lithuanian Common­wealth before the Livonian (Riga’s) and Polish courts against Riga City Council are dealt with. It presents a good example of how, despite many legal obstacles over an elongated period, a case could move from under city jurisdiction to state jurisdiction, even at a time when royal power was not at its strongest.
Charakter prawny odpowiedzialności za nieszczepienie dziecka
Authors: Czechowicz Sebastian
Published: August 2021

Obowiązkowe szczepienia ochronne stanowią podłoże rozlicznych dyskusji i kontrowersji nie tylko wśród społeczeństwa, ale także w środowisku socjologów, epidemiologów, ale także prawników. Obowiązek poddawania się szczepieniom dotyczy przede wszystkim dzieci, a więc jego wykonanie spoczywać będzie na prawnych lub faktycznych opiekunach małoletniego. W ostatnich latach odnotowuje się wzrost odsetka liczby niezaszczepionych dzieci. Uchylanie się od obowiązku szczepień obecnie stanowi coraz większy problem społeczny i prawny.

Niniejszy artykuł jest poświęcony problematyce odpowiedzialności za uchylanie się od obowiązkowych szczepień ochronnych w ujęciu dogmatyki prawa karnego sensu largo. Wykazane związki pomiędzy działalnością administracji publicznej a współczesnym prawem wykroczeń, które penalizuje uchylanie się od obowiązku szczepień pomogą zrozumieć wielopłaszczyznową strukturę wzajemnych zależności pomiędzy aktualnie wyodrębnionymi gałęziami prawa. Tym samym uwypuklając mieszany charakter odpowiedzialności za nie wykonywanie obowiązkowych szczepień ochronnych.
Improved Mycology Media Formula of Corn and Cow’s Hair For Accelerate Superficial Mycosis Growth
Authors: Dwiyanti Ratih Dewi , Lutpiatina Leka
Published: August 2021

Potato Dextrose Agar is growth and identification media of fungi that cause superficial mycoses, including Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes with 10–14 days growth period. Modification media is needed to accelerate the growth of the fungus. Zea mays saccharata has a high carbohydrate, and cow’s hair contains high keratin, which can be used as a nutrient to replace fungal growth media. The study aimed to obtain a modified media formula containing Zea mays saccharata as a substitute for dextrose and cow's hair as a source of keratin to accelerate the growth of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes fungi. The modified media formula is mixing of Zea mays saccharata 15% to 25%, and cow's hair 20mg to 35mg. Acceleration of growth time based of when found microconidia and macroconidia, diameter measurements, and observations of texture and colonies color of Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The study results are Zea mays saccharata media with the addition of cow hair for Trichophyton rubrum grew 11 days with 10%+20mg formula and grew only seven days with 25%+35mg formula. Modified media for Trichophyton mentagrophytes grew seven days for 10%+20mg formula, while it was only three days with 25%+35mg formula. The media formula with the fastest growth rate for Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was at a concentration of 25%+35mg. The Advanced Modified Media can become a patent medium for faster growth of superficial fungi at a lower cost. Further research needs to be done on how long this media can be stored for long-term use.
Germ cell tumor: A seven-year experience Children Welfare Teaching Hospital
Authors: Alsaeed Raghad majid , Jassim Afrah M. , Razaq Samaher A. , AL-Jadiry Mazin F.
Published: August 2021

Background: Germ cell tumors are a rare heterogeneous group of cancers with high cure rates in the pediatric age group.Objectives: To study the clinical and pathological features in a group of patients with germ cell tumors and to evaluate their outcomes.Patients and methods: A record review was undertaken on a group of patients with germ cell tumor who were admitted to the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital in Baghdad during the years 2009 - 2015. Information on gender, age, clinical signs, pathological findings, treatment and overall survival rate were reviewed.Results: The patients had a mean age of 4.2 years (ranging from 1 month - 14 years). There were 45 girls and 16 boys. Abdominal pain was the most common presentation in 17 patients followed by a lower back mass in 16 patients. Primary sites included extra gonadal (sacrococcygeal 18, pelvis 5, vagina 4, gluteal 3, intra-cardiac, and one each for the mediastinum, orbit and rectum), and gonadal (18 ovarian and 9 testicular). After a mean period of follow-up of 42 months, the overall survival at 1 year was 59%.Conclusion: The prognosis of children with germ cell tumors is favorable, regardless the site and histopathology.
Development of the biofuel industry as a determinant of sustainable development of Ukraine
Authors: Kaletnik Grygorii , Pryshliak Natalia
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the article is to form scenarios for the development of the biofuel market in Ukraine and to substantiate the ways of their implementation. Research methods. In the course of the research, dialectical methods of cognition of processes and phenomena, analysis and synthesis were used to study the modern biofuel market in Ukraine and compare it with world trends; empirical – for a comprehensive assessment of the current state of biofuel production in Ukraine; scenario analysis – to determine possible ways for the development of the biofuel market in Ukraine and the related state policy for the development of its production; SWOT analysis – to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment, as well as the opportunities and threats of the external environment in the field of biofuel production in Ukraine; scientific abstraction – to summarize the results, the formation of conclusions and the own development of the biofuel production industry in Ukraine. Research results. The assessment of biofuel production in the world has been carried out and the main types of raw materials for its production have been identified. Scenarios for the development of the biofuel production industry in Ukraine have been substantiated. The volume of areas to achieve the goals of Ukraine in the consumption of biofuel in accordance with the scenarios has been calculated. Comparison of the production and export of corn and wheat by major producers in the world have been conducted. The calculation of the volume of biofuel production from lands that are not split in Ukraine has been carried out. The yields of the main agricultural crops for biofuel production in the main producing countries or exporters of agricultural products have been analyzed, as a result of which it has been determined that Ukraine is not in the leading positions in one of the crops grown. As a result of the SWOT analysis, the key needs of Ukraine in the development of the biofuel industry have been identified. Scientific novelty. The ways of developing the biofuel industry without reducing the export potential of Ukraine are proposed. They consist in using the potential of unused agricultural land and in increasing the efficiency of agricultural production, in particular, increasing yields. Practical significance. The applied significance of the results is considered as the basis for the formation of a strategy for the development of the biofuel industry in Ukraine. Tabl.: 8. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 22.
The essence and goals of state support for small and medium entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector
Authors: Rusaniuk Vasyl
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence, goals and objectives of the state support of small and medium entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector of the economy under modern conditions. Research methods. The methodological basis of the study was a set of methods of scientific knowledge of the system and mechanism of state support for small and medium entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector. The achievement of the goal was facilitated by general scientific methods: empirical research (measurement, comparison, observation), theoretical research (analysis and synthesis), as well as local (specific): situation analysis (computational-constructive). Research results. It has been established that state support is one of the components of the state regulation mechanism; a system of preferential financing of priority industries and small and medium enterprises has been established; a system of measures to increase the adaptability and competitiveness of small and medium enterprises in the agricultural sector of a controlling, executive, legislative nature. It was revealed that the main tasks of state regulation of small and medium entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector are: the formation of optimal financial and credit instruments; improving the legislative and regulatory platform; stimulating the interaction of small and medium businesses in the agricultural sector with the logistics and market infrastructure; the formation of an information culture and the development of socialization of small and medium entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector, etc. The necessity of solving the problem of forming an adaptive, comprehensive and integrative system of state support for small and medium businesses in the agricultural sector, which flexibly and quickly reflects the impact of an unstable market environment, creating an adequate logistics business infrastructure at all levels of the hierarchy. Scientific novelty. The main tasks of the functioning of state support for small and medium businesses in the agricultural sector of the economy in modern conditions are revealed and a methodological approach is proposed to substantiate the main directions of modification of state support, which contribute to solving the problems of the functioning of small and medium entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector of the economy. The attention is focused on the main programs of state support for the development of entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. Practical significance. It is advisable to use the methodological approach as a base in the system of tasks for the functioning of state support for small and medium entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector according to the statistical reporting of business entities and macro indicators of the country's socio-economic state. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 27.
Possible Tetraquark Explanation for the Proposed Tcc+
Authors: Bevelacqua Joseph
Published: August 2021

The recently proposed Tcc+ structure is investigated using a first-order tetraquark mass formula. This mass relationship is based on weakly bound D*+(c d-bar) + D0(c u-bar) meson clusters and provides a reasonable prediction (within about 1.4%) of the measured Tcc+ mass.
INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS OF ACTIVIZATION SYNERGY OF CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION AT UKRAINE-EU BORDER
Authors: Zhalilo Yaroslav
Published: August 2021

Specific features of the current stage of globalization modify the motivations, influencing the development of cross-border cooperation. This conditions the necessity to re-assess the driving forces of this cooperation and the factors of its performance.
In the article has been studied the evolution of institutional factors, that ensure the provision of a positive synergetic effect of cross-border cooperation of regions and communities of Ukraine – at the border with European Union – in the process of evolving globalization and strengthening the real permeability of national borders. Based on the adaptation of the general theory of social systems’ synergy to the analysis of cross-border interaction, the risks and obstacles for the positive emergence have been determined, derived from the institutional insufficiency of Ukrainian partners in cross-border cooperation. Has been stressed upon the implicit change of borders’ perception at the local level due to the spontaneous diffusion of institutions. Has been distinguished the asymmetry of institutional frameworks, where partners from opposite sides of Ukraine-EU border act in. The asymmetry obstructs the formation of synergy and threatens the sustainability of cross-border integration institutions due to “gravitational” resources’ flows towards institutionally more stable economies, providing better factor productivity.
The author grounds the importance of integration the development of cross-border cooperation into the national-level strategic documents and the development strategies of border regions and communities. The current situation in this sphere in Ukraine has been studied. The priority directions of institutional changes have been suggested, giving the opportunity to optimize cross-border interaction and to improve the positive impact of cross-border cooperation for the development of border regions and communities. In particular, author stresses upon the measures for institutional improvement of local actors, strengthening its subjectness and capacity for rational decision making in the sphere of cross-border cooperation. The author’s vison has been suggested for the methodology of actual problems’ capable to become the subject of interterritorial interaction identification.
METHODOLOGY OF SEGMENTATION OF THE REGIONS OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY ACCORDING TO THE CONDITION OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
Authors: Prodanova Larysa , Khoroshun Yuliia
Published: August 2021

The article proposes a methodical approach to segmenting the regions of the national economy by the state of the agricultural sector. The assessment of the state of the agricultural sector of the regions and their segmentation was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, two parameters are set for evaluation and segmentation: the volume of agricultural production in farms of all categories and the number of employed population in agriculture, forestry and fisheries. The level of each region according to the selected parameters (high or low) was determined relative to their average value. As a result, four groups of regions were obtained: with significant volumes of agricultural production and with a significant number of employees; with insignificant volumes of production and with a significant number of employees; with significant production volumes and a small number of employees; with insignificant volumes of production and with insignificant number of employees. In the second stage, evaluation and segmentation were conducted to determine the specialization of the agricultural sector of the regions (livestock, crop production). Grouping by relevant specialization is carried out according to the following parameters: the number of enterprises engaged in agricultural activities; the number of employees in enterprises engaged in agricultural activities; agricultural products per capita; sown areas of crops; gross harvest of cereals and legumes; gross harvest of sunflower, potatoes, vegetables, fruit and berry crops; raising farm animals; production of meat, milk, eggs and wool. The ratings of the regions of the national economy were determined for each of the indicators selected for analysis, and then the arithmetic mean of these ratings was calculated. According to the results of the analysis of the calculated average values of regional ratings for indicators that separately characterize the development of crop production and livestock development, Vinnytsia, Poltava, Kharkiv, Kyiv, Lviv and Khmelnytsky regions are almost equally focused on both crop and livestock production - they occupy almost identical positions in two different ratings; the agricultural sector of such regions as Dnipropetrovsk, Odessa, Kirovohrad, Chernihiv and Mykolayiv specializes in crop production; the agricultural sector of Ivano-Frankivsk, Zakarpattia, and Volyn oblasts is mostly focused on animal husbandry.
CERTIFICATION OF PRODUCTS AS A MEANS OF INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Kovshova Iryna , Niestierov Yevhenii
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the scientific article is to study the process of certification of products as one of the means of ensuring the competitiveness of a modern enterprise, stimulating management to meet the requirements of consumers and expand sales markets. It was found that different participants in the certification process understand it differently: enterprise management believes that this is a procedure for documentary certification of the conformity of products or processes to the established regulatory requirements; the certification body considers this to be an examination and certification activity subject to compliance.
On the basis of the research carried out, the constitutive attributes of product certification as a means of increasing the competitiveness of an enterprise have been systematized and the definition of the concept of “certification” has been formulated. The authors put forward a number of hypotheses: certification is a means of increasing the competitiveness of an enterprise as a result of demonstrating the ability of an enterprise to meet generally accepted requirements for representatives of a certain sphere or industry; competitiveness depends on the availability of certified specialists with a certain level of qualifications working at the enterprise and qualitatively improve internal processes; continuous cyclical certification affects the competitiveness of the enterprise in the future. Prospects for further research are to conduct an experiment to confirm the facts of the impact of product certification and business processes on increasing the competitiveness of the enterprise.
The authors also noted that certification should not be confused with attestation. Certification assumes a completely independent and principled assessment, carried out by employees of certification bodies who have no connection with the enterprise.
Among other things, the authors came to the conclusion that one of the advantages of product certification is their personal interest in confirming their own professionalism, and, consequently, obtaining opportunities for future career growth.
Also, one of the considered hypotheses proves that there is an evolution of the enterprise, as a result of periodic changes and additions to the existing norms and standards of certification.