bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early-Onset Neutropenia in Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants
Authors: Christensen Robert D. , Yoder Bradley A. , Baer Vickie L. , Snow Gregory L. , Butler Allison
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND:

Early neutropenia is more common in small for gestational age (SGA) neonates (birth weight <10th percentile) than in appropriately grown neonates. However, several aspects of this variety of neutropenia are unknown, including the duration, kinetic mechanism, and outcomes.

METHODS:

Using 10 years of multihospital records, we studied SGA neonates who, during the first week after birth, had neutrophil counts <1000/μL.

RESULTS:

This degree of neutropenia was more common in SGA neonates (6%, 207/3650) than in non-SGA matched controls (1%, 46/3650; P < .001). Neutrophil counts stayed below the lower reference interval for 7 days. Ratios of immature to total neutrophils were within the reference interval, suggesting reduced neutrophil production, not accelerated neutrophil use or destruction. Increased nucleated red cells at birth correlated with decreased neutrophils (P < .001). Neutropenia was not independently associated with maternal hypertensive disorders, over and above the effect of SGA. Of 201 neutropenic SGA neonates, 129 (64%) also had thrombocytopenia. Sixteen percent of neutropenic neonates were treated with recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), with no reduction in late-onset sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Regression analysis showed that neutropenia (but not thrombocytopenia in the absence of neutropenia) was independently associated with increased odds of developing necrotizing enterocolitis (odds ratio 4.01, 90% confidence interval 2.08 to 7.35, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Neutropenia of SGA is a condition of 1-week duration. It is more closely associated with SGA than maternal hypertension (likely owing to neutrophil hypoproduction associated with intrauterine hypoxia), often accompanied by thrombocytopenia, not obviously improved by rG-CSF or IVIG, and associated with an increased risk for NEC.
Epitaxial Growth Following Crystal Nucleation in Laser-Quenched Si Films on SiO2
Authors: Wong Vernon K. , Chitu A. M. , Limanov A. B. , Im James S.
Published: October 2015

We have investigated the solidified microstructure of nucleation-generated grains obtained via complete melting of Si films on SiO2 at high nucleation temperatures. This was achieved using a high-temperature-capable hot stage in conjunction with excimer laser irradiation. As predicted by the direct-growth model that considers (1) the evolution in the temperature of the solidifying interface and (2) the subsequent modes of growth (consisting of amorphous, defective, and epitaxial) as key factors, we were able to observe the appearance of “normal” grains that possess a single-crystal core area. These grains, which are in contrast to previously reported flower-shaped grains that fully make up the microstructure of the solidified films obtained via irradiation at lower preheating temperatures (and amongst which these “normal” grains emerge), indicate that epitaxial growth of nucleated crystals must have taken place within the grains. We discuss the implications of our findings regarding (1) the validity of the direct-growth model, (2) the nature of the heterogeneous nucleation mechanism, and (3) the alternative explanations and assumptions that have been previously employed in order to explain the microstructure of Si films obtained via nucleation and growth within the complete melting regime.
Religion, Archaeology and Modern Calendar Buildings: A Study of Avon Tyrrell House in England
Authors: Campion Nicholas
Published: October 2015

This paper will explore a modern example of the tradition of constructing cities and sacred sites as re?ections or embodiments of the sky. By creating spaces which were connected to the celestial bodies it was possible to create human communities which were linked to celestial ones, encouraging social stability and harmony. Such ideas underpinned traditions of the foundation of cities from China, through India, the Middle East and Mesoamerica. The paper focuses on Avon Tyrrell House, a substantial private residence which was designed and built in 1891–93. The architect, William Lethaby (1857–1931), was part of the Arts and Crafts movement and one of England’s leading modernists. The paper will frame discussion of the building within notions of the continuity of ancient traditions of solar symbolism in architecture, the consideration of function in the archaeology of the present and immediate past, and will refer to the theory of vernacular and material religion.
Non-Formal Technological Education of Children in the City of Vilnius
Authors: Žygaitienė Birutė , Sinkevičienė Jūratė
Published: October 2015

Education and socialization constitutes the method of formation of the person, society and state’s future; therefore well-organized non-formal education of children and youth as well as the occupation of their leisure time is a necessary condition for the socialization of the young generation and for effective delinquency prevention.

The problem of the research is that the technological education is underestimated in the nonformal education. Children have equal possibilities to participate in activity groups of the general education school and the non-formal education school; however, a clear tendency can be seen that technologies hobby groups are not popular in the institutions of non-formal education of children.

The aim of the research was to establish the organizational aspects of the technological education of non-formal education of children in Vilnius city as well as the determining factors. The tasks of the research were the following: to analyze the situation of the organization of non-formal technological education in Vilnius city. To reveal the factors of children’s choice of technological education in the field of non-formal education. To research the problems of the organization of technological development in non-formal education.

To achieve this aim the following research methods were used: analysis of literature and documents, empirical study (triangulation questionnaire was used), statistical analysis and comparisons graphical analysis, correlation analysis were performed.

The analysis of statistical reports has showed that 2 creation centres and 12 children and youth clubs operate in Vilnius city, in which non-formal and technological education is organized, however, technological hobby groups are not popular among children.

The results of the research has showed that the main problems in the field of the organization of technological hobby groups in non-formal education and related their attendance are as follows: inefficient financing of technological hobby groups, lack of activity means, non-equipped technological rooms in which children could educate in the appropriate environment. Also the problems of communications, too high charges for hobby groups and incompatibility of the time and activity of technological education are still not solved.
Differensiasie: Die basis van samelewingsvryhede
Authors: Strauss D
Published: October 2015

Hierdie artikel verg enersyds begripsonderskeidinge en andersyds 'n oorsigtelike beeld van ongedifferensieerde en gedifferensieerde samelewings. Waar ding-begrippe in die Grieks-Middeleeuse intellektuele erfenis prominent was (die vraag na die konkrete wat-heid van die dinge), sou die moderne ontwikkelinge sedert die Renaissance al meer klem op funksie-begrippe plaas (die vraag na die hoedanigheid van dinge). In die lig van hierdie onderskeiding blyk dit dat die term differensiasie 'n biotiese funksiebegrip is wat ten nouste verband hou met die multifunksionele aard van lewende dinge - wat tewens 'n eenheid in die menigvuldigheid organiese aktiwiteite daarvan vertoon (getalsfunksie), en wat 'n samehangende (organiese) geheel met integrale dele vorm wat in voortdurende wisselwerking met mekaar staan (die ruimtelike, kinematiese en fisiese funksies). Biotiese groei omvat beide die vertakking (differensiasie) van lewensfunksies en die saambind (integrasie) daarvan. Besinning oor die aard van die menslike samelewing stuit onvermydelik op die analogiese gebruik van hierdie biotiese terme (differensiasie en integrasie). Dit gebeur spesifiek wanneer van ongedifferensieerde en gedifferensieerde samelewings gepraat word. Waar die individuele mens grootliks in ongedifferensieerde samelewings opgaan (as deel van 'n groter geheel), bied die langsame kultuur-historiese proses van samelewingsdifferensiasie eventueel ruimte vir die uitkristallisering van die staat as regsverband naas en in onderskeiding van 'n menigvuldigheid nie-staatlike samelewingsvorme - en tegelyk tree daar 'n persoonlike vryheidsfeer na vore waarin die persoonlike ruimte van individue onderken word afgesien van enige lewensvorm-verbintenis waarin die mens as deel van 'n groter geheel mag optree. Dit lei tot die gevolgtrekking dat differensiasie inderdaad die basis van ons publieke vryhede, persoonlike vryhede en samelewingsvryhede vorm. Die terme wat in die titel van hierdie artikel vervat is, is ongewyfeld bekend uit ons alledaagse spraakgebruik. Sodra daar egter nader rekenskap gegee wil word van bepaalde konnotasies waarin dit ook in 'n filosofiese besinning gebruik kan word, blyk dit spoedig dat dit nie so 'n eenvoudige taakstelling is nie.
"Die gedig is spel" - fasette van spel in enkele gedigte van T.T. Cloete
Authors: Nel A
Published: October 2015

Die uitgangspunt van hierdie ondersoek is dat die poësie van T.T. Cloete benader kan word as 'n voortdurende spel - 'n spel wat outeur, teks en leser in die literêre diskoers betrek, maar wat ook gelees kan word as 'n bepaalde poëtikale opvatting. Hierdie digterlike en talige spel mond onder andere uit as 'n verwysingspel wat as skryfmodus ooreenkom met Cloete se poëtikale opvatting dat poësie 'n spel is van die dromende denke. Huizinga (1952) se tese dat poësie in spel en as spel gebore is, word in talle gedigte bevestig, want die nosie van spel het betrekking op die ontstaan van die gedig, sowel as op die bestaande gedig. Aan die hand van enkele geselekteerde gedigte en gediganalises word verskillende fasette van spel in Cloete se digterskap verken: die speelse karakter as lewenshouding; spel as digterlike strategie wat dikwels setel in 'n spel van magsverhoudings; die verhouding: spel, erotiek en taal, of die verband tussen die liggaam, die gedig en spel; en die talige besweringsmoontlikheid wat die-gedig-as-spel inhou waar dit gerig is op tydelike opheffing van die mens se eksistensiële lewens- en doodsangs, terwyl dit terselfdertyd ook dié moontlikheid ondermyn.
"Wat is die mens wat U so ryk beskenk het?" Die uitbeelding van die geveg tussen Karnaval en Lent by Bruegel en T.T. Cloete
Authors: Taljard M
Published: October 2015

In hierdie artikel word 'n vergelyking getref tussen die skildery Die geveg tussen Karnaval en Lent van Pieter Bruegel de Oude en T.T. Cloete se bundel Karnaval en Lent is een gedig. Die vergelykende ontleding word gedoen met aandag aan die uitbeelding van die tydgenootlike mens in sy toestand van swakheid en verval, aan die ooreenkomste en verskille ten opsigte van die gebruik van simboliek en aan vraatsug as simptoom van 'n ongebalanseerde, skeefgetrekte samelewing. Daar word geredeneer dat, hoewel beide kunstenaars sterk op kategoriese opposisies fokus, die tema van beide werke eintlik die ambivalensie is wat die menslike kondisie kenmerk. Die kunswerke dien as spieël vir die mens sodat hy sy eie dwaasheid kan erken en dié insig hom tot selfkennis kan lei.
"Die huid huil luid in stilhuil" - op 'n (klank)spoor in T. T. Cloete se poësie
Authors: Wolfaardt-Gräbe I
Published: October 2015

In hierdie artikel word hulde gebring aan T.T. Cloete die gewaardeerde dosent én die gerespekteerde digter. Die gedig "stilhuil" word gelees met inagneming van vooropgestelde taalgebruik waarneem-baar in metaforisering, sintakties-tipografiese strukturering en klankmatig-ritmiese aksentuering. Voorts word die kontinuering van die vooropgestelde sinsnede "die huid huil luid in stilhuil" in die hele oeuvre nagegaan.
Die Suid-Afrikaanse Vloot se sogenaamde omstrede nuwe fregatte: Hulle eerste dekade van diens, 2004-2014
Authors: Wessels A
Published: October 2015

Nie baie Suid-Afrikaners waardeer die feit dat Suid-Afrika 'n seemoondheid is nie. Gevolglik is vlootgeskiedenis 'n verwaarloosde onderwerp. Toe die Suid-Afrikaanse regering in 1998 aangekondig het dat - as deel van 'n omvattende wapenpakket - onder meer vier nuwe fregatte vir die Suid-Afrikaanse (SA) Vloot aangekoop gaan word, was daar diegene wat die sinvolheid daarvan bevraagteken het. In hierdie artikel word die rol wat die vier Valour-klas-fregatte in die eerste dekade van hul bestaansgeskiedenis (2004-2014) gespeel het, onder die loep geneem en ontleed. Vrae wat aan die orde gestel word, sluit in: Was die besluit om Duitse Meko A-200-fregatte aan te koop geregverdig en die regte keuse? Was die aankoop van die fregatte dus werklik 'n omstrede besluit? Watter funksies het die skepe die afgelope tien jaar in diens van die SA Vloot vervul? Die rol wat die vier Valour-klas-fregatte tydens vlootoefeninge in Suid-Afrikaanse waters met skepe van ander lande gespeel het, word bespreek, soos ook die besoeke van die SA Vlootfregatte aan Suid-Afrikaanse hawens (as deel van die Vloot se plaaslike openbare skakel- en uitreikaksies). Heelwat aandag word aan die fregatte se rol as grys diplomate gewy; met ander woorde, wanneer hulle op buitelandse vlagvertoonvaarte die land oorsee verteenwoordig ten einde bestaande diplomatieke betrekkinge uit te bou of nuwe bande te help smee - en tegelyk ook aan skeepsmaneuvers oorsee deel te neem. Hulle rol tydens teen-seerowerpatrollies in die Mosambiek-kanaal en in soek-en-reddingsaksies word ook belig. Die artikel dui ten slotte aan dat, alles in ag genome, die SA Vloot se nuwe fregatte (en dus ook hul bemannings) hulle in die jare 2004-2014 besonder goed van hul taak gekwyt het en dat die Vloot dit nie kan bekostig om nie oor fregatte te beskik nie.
Volksblad se uitbeelding van skoolgeweld in die Vrystaat
Authors: de Wet C
Published: October 2015

Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal hoe Volksblad skoolgeweld in die Vrystaat uitbeeld. Kwalitatiewe inhoudsontleding is gebruik om 44 koerantberigte, briewe aan die pers en redaksionele kommentare wat oor 'n tydperk van vyf jaar in Volksblad verskyn het, te ontleed. Die belangrikste bevindinge van die studie is: (1) Skoolgeweld is 'n ernstige probleem in die Vrystaat; (2) sommige skoolhoofde en rolspelers bevraagteken die wyse waarop Volksblad skoolgeweld uitbeeld; en (3) sensasionele beriggewing oor skoolgeweld in die Vrystaat illustreer die dubbele rol van die privaatnuusmedia in 'n demokrasie, naamlik om die publiek in te lig oor skoolgeweld én om om te sien na die belange van eienaars en aandeelhouers. Die volgende aanbevelings is gemaak: (1) Skoolhoofde moet die nuusmedia eerder as 'n vennoot in hul stryd teen skoolgeweld sien as die vyand wat daarop uit is om die beeld van die skool af te kraak. (2) Hoewel die sensasionele aard van sommige berigte 'n groter bewustheid van skoolgeweld tot gevolg kan hê, behoort beriggewing oor skoolgeweld in ooreenstemming met die bepalings van die Suid-Afrikaanse Mediakode plaas te vind. (3) Kampvegters vir skoolveiligheid, onder andere opvoeders, ouers, gemeenskapsleiers, provinsiale en nasionale onderwysdepartemente, die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens, sielkundiges en akademici, moet in samewerking met die nuusmedia hulle beywer vir die aanvaarding en implementering van skoolveiligheidbeleide op nasionale, provinsiale en skoolvlak.
La familia, factor inductor del uso indebido de drogas en la adolescencia
Authors: Gutiérrez Daniel , Hernández Meléndrez Digna Edelsys
Published: October 2015

Los problemas del uso indebido de drogas y de la conducta adictiva han adquirido un creciente predominio en todo el mundo desde mediados de la década de 1960. En Argentina las estadísticas muestran un incremento del 30% en el uso de sustancias adictivas, y un 50% en el uso de alcohol en jóvenes entre 16 y 25 años. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar la relación del consumo de tabaco y alcohol en la familia como factor inductor del uso indebido de drogas en los adolescentes. Esta investigación descriptiva realizó una encuesta a 469 adolescentes en la provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina. Entre los resultados se encontró que en los adolescentes existe un consumo significativo de tabaco y alcohol, con una frecuencia diaria y semanal importante. Se concluye que la conducta de consumo de la familia facilita la iniciación de los adolescentes por imitación.
Control social y espacio público en la ciudad Chillán entre 1835 y 1900*
Authors: Parada Ulloa Marcos
Published: October 2015

El presente estudio tiene como propósito comprender el control social de parte de la élite local en la ciudad de Chillán durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y principio del siglo XX, como un proyecto valórico-cultural subyacente con la transmisión de; costumbres y prácticas socioculturales dentro del espacio urbano-civilizado para establecer orden, obediencia civil y disciplinamiento del espacio público urbano como; la plaza, prácticas de salubridad y obras de carácter públicos. Por lo tanto, se realizó un análisis discursivo para comprender las prácticas de control social de la elite local entre los años 1835-1900 sobre la población de Chillán.
Naturaleza y dimensionalidad de la relación de las variables estilo de liderazgo y desarrollo espiritual en los pastores adventistas en Lima metropolitana
Authors: Choque Fernández Juan
Published: October 2015

En el presente estudio se busca determinar la naturaleza y dimensionalidad de la relación de la variable constituida por el estilo de liderazgo (transformacional, transaccional y laissez faire) y la variable desarrollo espiritual (conciencia sobre Dios, aceptación realista, desilusión, grandiosidad, inestabilidad, manejo de la impresión) en los pastores adventista en Lima Metropolitana. Esta investigación es de tipo transversal y correlacional, porque se realiza en un momento determinado y estudia la correlación de la variable estilo de liderazgo. La población está conformada por 67 pastores de la Iglesia Adventista del Séptimo Día pertenecientes a las dos asociaciones de Lima (Asociación Peruana Central Norte, Asociación Peruana Central Sur). Para determinar esta relación, se utilizó la prueba de correlación canónica. Entre los resultados se encontró que existe una relación significativa entre la variable estilo de liderazgo (transformacional, transaccional y laissez faire) y la variable desarrollo espiritual (conciencia sobre Dios, aceptación realista, desilusión, grandiosidad, inestabilidad y manejo de la impresión) en los pastores adventista en Lima Metropolitana. Así mismo, de acuerdo con el coeficiente de regresión, la sub variable liderazgo transformacional muestra una correlación significativa (p=0,002) con la sub variable constituida por conciencia sobre Dios, constituyéndose ésta última en un predictor significativo positivo del tipo de liderazgo transformacional. Se concluye que existe una relación significativa entre la variable estilo de liderazgo (transformacional, transaccional y laissez faire) y la variable desarrollo espiritual (conciencia sobre Dios, aceptación realista, desilusión, grandiosidad, inestabilidad y manejo de la impresión) en los pastores adventista en Lima Metropolitana.
La cultura organizacional en el contexto de la globalización
Authors: Niño De Guzmán Miranda Juan Carlos
Published: October 2015

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la cultura organizacional dentro del contexto de la globalización económica actual. Para esto, se hace una re visión de conceptos fundamentales como: cultura, cultura organizacional, orientación de las empresas, empresa como agente social, responsabilidad social empresarial y la globalización. Se concluye que las organizaciones tienen el desafío de brindar valor agregado claramente distinguible a sus clientes para que estos ayuden a mantenerlas vigentes.
Papel de la risa y el humor en la enseñanza y aprendizaje: Explicaciones neurofisiológicas
Authors: Madrid Valdiviezo Jazmin
Published: October 2015

En esta revisión se recoge información acerca del uso de la risa y el humor en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los estudiantes en el contexto del aula y bajo el enfoque de las neurociencias. Se definen los conceptos de risa y humor, se dan explicaciones neurofisiológicas, se identifican las principales teorías y finalmente, se revisan investigaciones sobre el uso de la risa y el humor en el aula. También se incluyen reflexiones que atribuyen una influencia positiva al uso del humor en los procesos de enseñanza–aprendizaje, por cuanto transforman aspectos afectivos, sociales y cognitivos. Sin embargo, se concluye con que la inserción de la risa y humor en al aula requiere de investigaciones empíricas que partan de un enfoque neuropedagógico, pues estos análisis enriquecidos por las neurociencias les dan a los docentes confiabilidad en sus beneficios para la enseñanza y aprendizaje.
Linfoma no Hodgkin primario de sistema nervioso central en un paciente pediátrico sin inmunodeficiencia relacionada
Authors: Cárdenas-Cardos Rocío , Aguilar-Ortiz Marco Rodrigo , Velasco-Hidalgo Liliana , Pasquel García-Vázquez Pedro Mario , Rivera-Luna Roberto , Marhx-Bracho Alfonso
Published: October 2015

El linfoma no Hodgkin primario de sistema nervioso central es una afección poco frecuente en la población pediátrica. No existen (o son pocas) las recomendaciones o estudios clínicos que sean útiles para definir la mejor opción terapéutica. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el caso de una niña con linfoma primario de sistema nervioso central, sin ninguna inmunodeficiencia asociada, y realizar de una revisión cualitativa de la literatura especializada sobre esta enfermedad en niños.

Se ha postulado la posibilidad de cambios citogenéticos que pudieran explicar la heterogeneidad en el comportamiento de esta enfermedad pues se ha visto que es distinto al de otros linfomas en presentaciones habituales. La experiencia de tratamiento en niños con linfoma se basa en resultados de tratamientos obtenidos en pacientes adultos, con regímenes basados principalmente en antimetabolitos como metotrexato y citarabina. Aún es controvertida la utilidad de la radioterapia craneal, la cual sólo se recomienda en casos específicos.
Convulsiones febriles
Authors: Ruiz-García Matilde
Published: October 2015

La Liga Internacional de Lucha contra la Epilepsia y la Organización Mundial de la Salud consideran a las convulsiones febriles como eventos comunes y benignos de la etapa infantil. Las convulsiones febriles son la forma más frecuente de crisis convulsiva en la infancia y afectan de 2 a 4% de los menores de 5 años en Estados Unidos y Europa, de 9 a 10% en Japón y hasta a 14% en Guam.
The Normative Power of Images: Religion, Gender, Visuality
Authors: Knauss Stefanie , Pezzoli-Olgiati Daria
Published: October 2015

In this introductory article to the special issue of Religion and Gender on gender, normativity and visuality, we establish the theoretical framework to discuss the influence of visual culture on gender norms. This introduction also provides a reflection on how these norms are communicated, reaffirmed and contested in religious contexts. We introduce the notion of visuality as individual and collective signifying practices, with a particular focus on how this regards gender norms. Two main ways in which religion, gender and normativity are negotiated in visual meaning making processes are outlined: on the one hand, the religious legitimation of gender norms and their communication and confirmation through visual material, and on the other hand, the challenge of these norms through the participation in visual culture by means of seeing and creating. These introductory reflections highlight the common concerns of the articles collected in this issue: the connection between the visualisation of gender roles within religious traditions and the influence of religious gender norms in other fields of (visual) culture.
Metaflammation, NLRP3 Inflammasome Obesity and Metabolic Disease
Authors: Meiliana Anna , Wijaya Andi
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Increasing prevalence of obesity gives rise to many problems associated with multiple morbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, sleep apnea and cancer. The mechanism of obesity is very complex, thus its link to various disease is poorly understood. This review highlights important concepts in our understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity and related complications.CONTENT: Many studies have tried to explore the exciting and puzzling links between metabolic homeostasis and inflammatory responses. A form of subclinical, low-grade systemic inflammation is known to be associated with both obesity and chronic disease. This, later called as "metaflammation", refers to metabolically triggered inflammation. The nutrient-sensing pathway and the immune response coordination are facilitated by these molecular sites in order to maintain homeostasis under diverse metabolic and immune conditions. Recent studies have found that the NLRP3 inflammasome during metabolic stress forms a tie linking TXNIP, oxidative stress, and IL-1β production. This provides new opportunities for research and therapy for the disease often described as the next global pandemic: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).SUMMARY: The crucial role of metaflammation in many complications of obesity shown by the unexpected overlap between inflammatory and metabolic sensors and their downstream tissue responses. Then great interest arose to explore the pathways that integrate nutrient and pathogen sensing, give more understanding in the mechanisms of insulin resistance type 2 diabetes, and other chronic metabolic pathologies. A family of intracellular sensors called NLR family is a critical component of the innate immune system. They can form multiprotein complexes, called inflammasome which is capable of responding to a wide range of stimuli including both microbial and self molecules by activating the cysteine protease caspase-1, leading to processing and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, which play crucial roles in host defense. Inflammasome dysregulation has been linked to some autoinflammatory and metabolic diseases. These provide opportunities to continue to improve our understanding of the nature of metaflammation in the hope of modifying it to prevent and treat diseasese.KEYWORDS: Inflammation, metaflammation, inflammasome, metabolic disease, obesity
The Effects of Administration of Mangosteen Pericap's Ethanolic Extract and Xanthone on Angiogenesis of Gastric Ulcer Healing in Wistar Rats Observed Through the Increase in the level of NO and VEGF and CD-31 Expressions
Authors: Oktaviyanti Ika Kustiyah , Sargowo Djanggan , Widodo Mohammad Aris , Mintaroem Karyono
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: NSAIDs can cause gastric ulcer or may delay the healing of it. Upon exposure to indomethacin, gastric ulcer can occur due to oxidants. Mangosteen rind contains xanthone, which is a natural antioxidant. Administration of this antioxidant may increase angiogenesis that can accelerate healing of gastric ulcer.METHODS: This study used an experimental method with randomized post test control only design using Wistar rats. The rats were put on fasting for 24 hours, then a single dose of 30mg/kg body weight (BW) Indomethacine was given. The rats were divided into control group and treatment group. The treatment group was further divided into two subgroups: one group was given a daily 200 mg/kg BW mangosteen pericap extract, and the other group was given 35 mg/kg BW Xanthone. Both the control group and treatment group were decapitated on the 3rd day, 6th day and 12th day, respectively. After decapitation, the stomach of each rat was taken and divided into two portions, one portion was used for NO examination by ELISA, and the other portion for hispathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis for assessing CD 31 and VEGF expressions.RESULTS: Administration of mangoosteen pericap and xanthone could accelerate healing of gastric ulcers as compared with the control, as shown by the decrease in the severity level of the ulcers. Mangoosteen pericap and xanthone could also increase NO, VEGF expression, and CD-31 as compared with the control, especially on the 3rd day of treatment. Explanation of this finding might be that the antioxidants contained in the mangoosteen pericap or in xanthone could bind with radical superoxide and accelerate release of free NO. The increase of NO caused increase of VEGF and CD-31 that could accelerate angiogenesis, which eventually could accelerate healing of the gastric ulcers.CONCLUSIONS: The effect of mangosteen pericap's extract and xanthone can improve healing of gastric ulcers by increasing nitric oxide and also can increase angiogenesis as shown by the increase of VEGF and CD-31 expressions.KEYWORDS: mangosteen, healing, gastric Ulcer, angiogenesis
Osteoprotegerin Serum Level is Associated with Severity of Coronary Artery Calcification in Non Diabetic Centrally Obese Men
Authors: Yulianti Trilis , Lukito Antonia Anna , Wijaya Andi , Lawrence Gatot Susilo , Bakri Syakib
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is produced by a variety of tissues including those of the cardiovascular system. Recent clinical studies have suggested a significant correlation between elevated OPG serum level and cardiovascular mortality. Since coronary artery calcification (CAC) is positively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, we carried out a study to investigate whether OPG serum level is associated with the severity of CAC in non diabetic centrally obese men.METHODS: A cross sectional study was done on seventy non diabetic centrally obese men. CAC score was determined by using dual source computed tomography (DSCT). OPG serum level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS for windows ver 16. ANOVA was performed to analyze mean, maximum, minimum value, and standard deviation. Spearman correlation test was performed to determine the correlation between OPG serum level and CAC score. Significance value was defined as alpha level=0.05 based on two-tailed tests.RESULTS: OPG serum level was significantly correlated with CAC score. The severity of CAC increased with the increase of OPG level. Age was significantly correlated with OPG serum level and CAC score.CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that serum OPG level was associated with the severity of CAC, which highlights that OPG could be involved in the progression of CAC in non diabetic obese men.KEYWORDS: obesity, vascular calcification, osteoprotegerin, coronary artery calcification
25(OH)D was Correlated with Increased Risk of Insulin Resistance, but Not Mediated by Adiponectin and hsCRP
Authors: Kartikawati Anggi , Lina Yani , Wijaya Andi
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that change of calcium and vitamin D homeostasis is associated with insulin resistance, decreased beta cell function, metabolic syndrome, glucose intolerance and diabetes. Evidence suggests that vitamin D insufficiency is inversely related to risk of metabolic disorders including type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), although the underlying mechanisms are not yet understood. Hence, current study was conducted to investigate correlation between 25(OH)D and insulin resistance through adiponectin or High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) in centrally obese men.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 80 centrally obese men with waist circumference (WC) >90 cm and age 30-60 years. Total 25(OH)D concentration was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Insulin resistance was calculated by HOMA model.RESULTS: This study showed there was no correlation of 25(OH)D-WC (r=0.006 and p=0.957), 25(OH)D-adiponectin (r=0.179 and p=0.111) abd 25(OH)D-hsCRP (r=-0.223 and p=0.334), but we observed  statistically significant negative correlation between 25(OH)D and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (r=0.461 and p=0.041).CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that low 25(OH)D concentration was significantly associated with increased risk of insulin resistance. Since  the adiponectin or hsCRP was not correlated, the possible pathways need to be futher investigated.KEYWORDS: central obesity, 25(OH)D, adiponectin, hsCRP, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)
Analysis of Ghrelin and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) as Endothelial Dysfunction Marker Among Obese Men
Authors: Meliani Lia , Arif Mansyur , Sukmawati Indriyanti Rafi
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Ghrelin has many biological activities such as regulating energy homeostasis and recent studies have shown its effects in the cardiovascular system. Ghrelin concentration decreases in obese man that indicates relatioship between ghrelin and energy homeostasis. Ghrelin also improves endothelial function by increasing the bioavaibility of nitric oxide (NO). The bioavaibility of NO is also influenced by ADMA. ADMA is an endogenous competitive inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which is significantly elevated during endothelial dysfuction. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of ADMA and ghrelin with central obesity based on waist circumference and to evaluate the relationship of total ghrelin and ADMA in centrally obese men. METHODS: Total ghrelin and ADMA were measured in 20 non-obese men (waist circumference (WC) 78.85±4.40 cm) and 60 centrally obese men (WC 97.54±5.94 cm). Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, BM, waist circumference and blood pressure) were also recorded. Statistic were carried out by the Spearman and Pearson bivariate correlation analysis and independent sample T test. RESULTS: ADMA concentrations were significantly higher in centrally obese men than in normal weight controls (p-value <0.05), whereas total ghrelin concentrations were not significantly lower in centrally obese men than in normal weight controls (p-value >0.05). Ghrelin total concentrations were significantly lower in centrally obese men with metabolic syndrome than in normal weight controls (p-value <0.05). No significant correlation existed between total ghrelin and ADMA.CONCLUSIONS: No correlation existed between ADMA and total ghrelin. The pathway of ghrelin in altering vascular function may not involve ADMA.KEYWORDS: ghrelin, ADMA, endothelial dysfunction, obese
‘Contrarius consensus’: terminación del contrato por mutuo acuerdo en la experiencia jurídica romana
Authors: Chinchilla Imbett Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2015

La terminación del contrato por mutuo acuerdo utilizada en el derecho contemporáneo no se puede encuadrar en los esquemas de la experiencia jurídica romana, donde nació como respuesta a la exigencia de terminación de los contratos consensuales mediante la aplicación de la correspondencia entre acto de constitución y extinción del vínculo negocial; así mismo, hacía referencia a un pacto ex intervallo cuya eficacia se encuadraba en los juicios de buena fe con límites en su empleo por la res integra; que permitía su aplicación de forma razonable y justa, así como garantizar a las partes el cumplimiento del fin por el cual celebraron el acuerdo resolutorio y evitar situaciones desventajosas para alguna de ellas.
Una mirada a la protección contractual del consumidor en Italia
Authors: Pagliantini Stefano
Published: October 2015

El escrito examina la protección contractual del consumidor en el ordenamiento jurídico italiano, considerando también la influencia de las sentencias del Tribunal de Justicia Europeo. En particular, se exponen los rasgos distintivos de la disciplina de protección del consumidor y se valoran las principales proyecciones sistemáticas de esta disciplina en relación con la disciplina general del contrato.
O desenvolvimento do contrato de seguro no direito civil brasileiro atual
Authors: De Andrade Fábio Siebeneichler
Published: October 2015

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo examinar questões controvertidas, no plano doutrinário e jurisprudencial, do contrato de seguro, por força do desenvolvimento dado ao tema nos dez anos de vigência do Código Civil brasileiro de 2002.
Hacia un nuevo modelo de capital social
Authors: Henao Lina
Published: October 2015

El régimen del capital social incorporado en la Directiva 77/91/CEE desempeñó un papel relevante en la armonización del derecho de sociedades europeo. No obstante ello, al día de hoy es un concepto cuestionado y hay voces que reclaman, si no su supresión, por lo menos su revisión. En atención a que el capital no es un concepto unitario sino que incluye diversas categorías jurídicas, este escrito versa principalmente sobre las normas relativas al capital social mínimo y aplicación de resultados incorporadas en la Segunda Directiva, la Ley de Sociedades de Capital española, el modelo norteamericano y las propuestas desarrolladas por diferentes grupos académicos que exigen su reconfiguración.
La responsabilidad por producto defectuoso en la Ley 1480 de 2011. Explicación a partir de una obligación de seguridad de origen legal y constitucional
Authors: Espinosa Apráez Brenda
Published: October 2015

La responsabilidad por producto defectuoso prevista en la Ley 1480 de 2011 es un ejemplo de ruptura con paradigmas como la exigencia de la culpa como elemento estructural de la responsabilidad, la disyuntiva entre responsabilidad contractual y extracontractual, y el hecho de que categorías como las obligaciones de seguridad o la distinción entre obligaciones de medios y de resultado solamente tienen sentido en el marco de un vínculo contractual, puesto que se trata de un supuesto de responsabilidad objetiva que puede explicarse a partir del incumplimiento de una peculiar obligación de seguridad que existe aun con prescindencia de un vínculo contractual entre consumidor y empresario.
Evaluating Students' Ecological Footprints: Big Data on a Budget
Authors: Page Blair D.
Published: October 2015

This article describes a project I developed as part of an environmental science course for second‐ and third‐year undergraduate science majors. Students quantitatively evaluated their use of major resources (food, water, electricity, and waste/recycling generation) to assess their personal ecological footprints. To do so, students used inexpensive equipment and collected data throughout the day over several weeks. They compared data, which helped them appreciate the importance of standardized procedures. For a final report students managed, graphed, and interpreted data from a relatively large data set they generated in collaboration with each other. The data were shared anonymously, which allowed discussions about the ecological relevance of our resource use decisions. Based on feedback from student surveys, notable improvement in their graphing skills, and conversations with students, I regard the project as a success.
Bacterial community response to changes in a tri‐trophic cascade during a whole‐lake fish manipulation
Authors: Saarenheimo J. , Aalto S. L. , Syväranta J. , Devlin S. P. , Tiirola M. , Jones R. I.
Published: October 2015

Microbial communities play a key role in biogeochemical processes by degrading organic material and recycling nutrients, but can also be important food sources for upper trophic levels. Trophic cascades might modify microbial communities either directly via grazing or indirectly by inducing changes in other biotic or in abiotic factors (e.g., nutrients). We studied the effects of a tri‐trophic cascade on microbial communities during a whole‐lake manipulation in which European perch (Perca fluviatilis) were added to a naturally fishless lake divided experimentally into two basins. We measured environmental parameters (oxygen, temperature, and nutrients) and zooplankton biomass and studied the changes in the bacterial community using next generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and cell counting. Introduction of fish reduced the biomass of zooplankton, mainly Daphnia, which partly altered the bacterial community composition and affected the bacterial cell abundances. However, the microbial community composition was mainly governed by stratification patterns and associated vertical oxygen concentration. Slowly growing green sulfur bacteria (Chlorobium) dominated the anoxic water layers together with bacteria of the candidate division OD1. We conclude that alterations in trophic interactions can affect microbial abundance, but that abiotic factors seem to be more significant controls of microbial community composition in sheltered boreal lakes.
An Experimental Research on Bone Drilling Temperature in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Hou Yali , Li Changhe , Ma Hongliang , Zhang Yanbin , Yang Min , Zhang Xiaowei
Published: October 2015

The bone drilling temperature fields under different cutting parameters and cooling modes were experimental
researched by using common twist drill, diamond punching pin, diamond bullet-like grinding head and diamond spherical
grinding head. Three cooling modes were applied, namely, natural air cooling, normal saline pouring cooling and normal
saline spray cooling. K-thermocouple was used to measure temperature in bone hole. Results showed that the drill shape
could influence drilling temperature greatly. The maximum drilling temperature of diamond spherical grinding head is
46.31°C. The maximum drilling temperature of common twist drill is 42.1°C and that of diamond bullet-like grinding
head is 38.29°C. The drilling temperatures at drill speed is under 560 r/min, 900 r/min, 1,250 r/min and 2,100 r/min are
38.84°C, 41.1°C, 43.84°C and 46.31°C. This reflects that under same of other drilling parameters, drilling temperature increases with the increase of drill speed. The maximum bone drilling temperatures of diamond punch pin under 2,100
r/min speed of mainshaft and air cooling conditions vary as feed speed increase firstly and then decrease. The normal
saline spray cooling has the lowest maximum drilling temperature of (29.34°C) at same depth, following by normal saline
pouring cooling of (32.45°C) and air cooling of (40.28°C) successively. The normal saline spray cooling has the best
cooling effect, followed by normal saline pouring cooling and air cooling successively.
Sediment Quality Assessment for Heavy Metal Contamination in the
Dongzhai Harbor (Hainan Island, China) with Pollution Indice Approach
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhang Baoxue , Peng Xiaojuan , Wang Hua , Li Zhihang , Cai Weixu , Fang Hongda
Published: October 2015

This study concerns the distribution and potential sources of elevated heavy metal concentrations (Cu, Zn, Pb,
Cd, As) in surface sediments of the Dongzhai Harbor, Hainan Island,a national important mangrove ecosystem protection area.It was found that the pollution of As may occur occasional biological effect by numerical Sediment Quality Guidelines.
Further, Geoaccumulation indices (Igeo) suggest there are serious pollution levels of As at all five stations. Spatial
distribution of ecotoxicological index and pollution load index suggested that most of the surface sediments have a 9%
probability of being toxic and the potential ecological risk zone appear in northern and southern of Dongzhai Harbor. Correlation
analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis showed that these metals primarily originate from
natural sources. As and Pb resulted primarily from aquaculture, and combustion of gasoline and diesel fuel by ships. The
present study provides a baseline record of heavy metals in mangrove surface sediments on the Dongzhai Harbor, and
provide a useful aid for sustainable marine management in this region.
Research on Power Load Forecasting Model Based on Hybrid Algorithm Optimizing BP Neural Network
Authors: Niu Chenhao , Xu Xiaomin , Lu Yan , Xing Mian
Published: October 2015

Short time load forecasting is essential for daily planning and operation of electric power system. It is the important
basis for economic dispatching, scheduling and safe operation. Neural network, which has strong nonlinear fitting
capability, is widely used in the load forecasting and obtains good prediction effect in nonlinear chaotic time series forecasting.
However, the neural network is easy to fall in local optimum, unable to find the global optimal solution. This paper
will integrate the traditional optimization algorithm and propose the hybrid intelligent optimization algorithm based on
particle swarm optimization algorithm and ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO-PSO) to improve the generalization
of the neural network. In the empirical analysis, we select electricity consumption in a certain area for validation. Compared
with the traditional BP neutral network and statistical methods, the experimental results demonstrate that the performance
of the improved model with more precise results and stronger generalization ability is much better than the traditional
methods.
A Multi-source Information Fusion Method for Error AIS Targets Identification
Authors: Liu Xinglong , He Wei , Chu Xiumin , Ma Feng , Nie Yang
Published: October 2015

Automatic Identification System (AIS) is ship navigation equipment. Due to the fact that data-link guarantee
mechanism has not been fully resolved, AIS sometimes broadcasts error messages and confused the marine administrators
and sailors, so it’s important to automatically identify the error messages. In this paper, we proposed an error AIS messages
identification framework, which based on prior probability, expert assessment, fuzzy membership degree and Dempster-
Shafer’s (DS) evidence combining rule. In the framework, ship speed, course and longitude-latitude position are core
indexes to evaluate the confidence coefficient of an AIS message. Field experiment is carried out at Wuhan section of the
Yangtze River, by field observation, the vessels’ real behavior and AIS messages are compared to verify the validity of
the algorithm. The experiment results show that for normally sailing ships, the algorithm is able to judge the AIS messages
accurately. For ships whose sailing condition changes sharply, such as the touring maritime patrol ship, the algorithm’s
recognition accuracy is higher than 84.21%.
Study on Speed Control Strategy of Brushless DC Motors Based on Fuzzy PID
Authors: Li Chunfeng , Sun Dandan , Tang Wusheng
Published: October 2015

Firstly, this article establishes the mathematical models and speed principles of brushless DC motors. Next, it
designs fuzzy PID controllers and current adjustors based on the adjusting speed theory and characteristics of brushless
DC motors, which form double closed-loops to achieve intellectualized adjustment of brushless DC motors, creating the
best effects simultaneously.
Research on Application of Neural Network in Computer Network Security Evaluation
Authors: Jin Shujuan
Published: October 2015

Purpose: discuss the role of the neural network (NN) theory in the computer network security evaluation.
Method: propose three-level and four-class indicator system suitable for network security evaluation, establish the
network security evaluation system model based on NN, optimize the NN model by using the particle swarm, collect 100-
group data on the computer network security evaluation of different scales via expert scoring, and normalize them; Result:
the evaluation model based on NN is simple and practicable to network security evaluation and can eliminate disturbance
of the subjective factors of the human being. The simulation results indicate that the system can reduce relative output
error and improve correctness rate of evaluation. Conclusion: The NN model is very valuable in research on the computer
network security evaluation system, which can offset weaknesses of the past evaluation methods to some extent, improve
precision of the evaluation results, and provide reference to prediction and control of the network security problems in
future.