bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systemic, Mucosal, and Memory Immune Responses following Cholera
Authors: Ryan Edward T. , Leung Daniel T. , Jensen Owen , Weil Ana A. , Bhuiyan Taufiqur Rahman , Khan Ashraful Islam , Chowdhury Fahima , LaRocque Regina C. , Harris Jason B. , Calderwood Stephen B. , Qadri Firdausi , Charles Richelle C.
Published: October 2021

Vibrio cholerae O1, the major causative agent of cholera, remains a significant public health threat. Although there are available vaccines for cholera, the protection provided by killed whole-cell cholera vaccines in young children is poor. An obstacle to the development of improved cholera vaccines is the need for a better understanding of the primary mechanisms of cholera immunity and identification of improved correlates of protection. Considerable progress has been made over the last decade in understanding the adaptive and innate immune responses to cholera disease as well as V. cholerae infection. This review will assess what is currently known about the systemic, mucosal, memory, and innate immune responses to clinical cholera, as well as recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms and correlates of protection against V. cholerae O1 infection.
Counterexamples to the Maximum Force Conjecture
Authors: Jowsey Aden , Visser Matt
Published: October 2021

Dimensional analysis shows that the speed of light and Newton’s constant of gravitation can be combined to define a quantity F*=c4/GN with the dimensions of force (equivalently, tension). Then in any physical situation we must have Fphysical=fF*, where the quantity f is some dimensionless function of dimensionless parameters. In many physical situations explicit calculation yields f=O(1), and quite often f≤1/4. This has led multiple authors to suggest a (weak or strong) maximum force/maximum tension conjecture. Working within the framework of standard general relativity, we will instead focus on idealized counter-examples to this conjecture, paying particular attention to the extent to which the counter-examples are physically reasonable. The various idealized counter-examples we shall explore strongly suggest that one should not put too much credence into any truly universal maximum force/maximum tension conjecture. Specifically, idealized fluid spheres on the verge of gravitational collapse will generically violate the weak (and strong) maximum force conjectures. If one wishes to retain any truly general notion of “maximum force” then one will have to very carefully specify precisely which forces are to be allowed within the domain of discourse.
An Integrated Economic-Energy-Environmental Framework for the Assessment of Alternative Eco-Sustainable Building Designs
Authors: Guarini Maria Rosaria , Sica Francesco , Morano Pierluigi , Vadalà Josè Antonio
Published: October 2021

The International Energy Agency (2019) states 40% of CO2 emissions in cities are linked to the buildings stock, in particular to heating and cooling systems, material types and users’ performance. According to Green New Deal, the energy transition of buildings is becoming a priority. This is via investments with low environmental impacts through renewable energy sources. The paper describes an integrated economic-energy-environmental framework (IE3F), i.e., an economic evaluation protocol for new constructions and/or existing renewal projects aimed at supporting the choice phase between alternative technological solutions based on biocompatible materials. The IE3F borrows the logical-operative flow of the life cycle assessment multi-criteria approach. The value aspects translated into monetary terms that characterize the project life cycle are taken into account. The protocol was tested on an emergency project in Italy, namely in Messina City. The results obtained provide evidence of the versatile use of IE3F and its practical utility to guide economic convenience judgements on building investments and choice problems between alternatives in sustainable perspective. The research deepening will be about keeping track of multiple performance levels of the construction, not only the energy performance, and attempting to estimate the corresponding economic value in terms of increase/decrease of construction cost value.
Unravelling the Immunomodulatory Effects of Viral Ion Channels, towards the Treatment of Disease
Authors: Gargan Siobhan , Stevenson Nigel J.
Published: October 2021

The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for the research community to develop a better understanding of viruses, in particular their modes of infection and replicative lifecycles, to aid in the development of novel vaccines and much needed anti-viral therapeutics. Several viruses express proteins capable of forming pores in host cellular membranes, termed “Viroporins”. They are a family of small hydrophobic proteins, with at least one amphipathic domain, which characteristically form oligomeric structures with central hydrophilic domains. Consequently, they can facilitate the transport of ions through the hydrophilic core. Viroporins localise to host membranes such as the endoplasmic reticulum and regulate ion homeostasis creating a favourable environment for viral infection. Viroporins also contribute to viral immune evasion via several mechanisms. Given that viroporins are often essential for virion assembly and egress, and as their structural features tend to be evolutionarily conserved, they are attractive targets for anti-viral therapeutics. This review discusses the current knowledge of several viroporins, namely Influenza A virus (IAV) M2, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Viral protein U (Vpu), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) p7, Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-16 E5, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Open Reading Frame (ORF)3a and Polyomavirus agnoprotein. We highlight the intricate but broad immunomodulatory effects of these viroporins and discuss the current antiviral therapies that target them; continually highlighting the need for future investigations to focus on novel therapeutics in the treatment of existing and future emergent viruses.
Bovine Leukaemia Virus: Current Epidemiological Circumstance and Future Prospective
Authors: Marawan Marawan A. , Alouffi Abdulaziz , El Tokhy Suleiman , Badawy Sara , Shirani Ihsanullah , Dawood Ali , Guo Aizhen , Almutairi Mashal M. , Alshammari Fahdah Ayed , Selim Abdelfattah
Published: October 2021

Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus that is closely related to human T-cell leukaemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and -2). It causes enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), which is the most important neoplastic disease in cattle. Most BLV-infected cattle are asymptomatic, which potentiates extremely high shedding rates of the virus in many cattle populations. Approximately 30% of them show persistent lymphocytosis that has various clinical outcomes; only a small proportion of animals (less than 5%) exhibit signs of EBL. BLV causes major economic losses in the cattle industry, especially in dairy farms. Direct costs are due to a decrease in animal productivity and in cow longevity; indirect costs are caused by restrictions that are placed on the import of animals and animal products from infected areas. Most European regions have implemented an efficient eradication programme, yet BLV prevalence remains high worldwide. Control of the disease is not feasible because there is no effective vaccine against it. Therefore, detection and early diagnosis of the disease are essential in order to diminish its spreading and the economic losses it causes. This review comprises an overview of bovine leukosis, which highlights the epidemiology of the disease, diagnostic tests that are used and effective control strategies.
Successive Inoculations of Pigs with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 (PRRSV-1) and Swine H1N2 Influenza Virus Suggest a Mutual Interference between the Two Viral Infections
Authors: Bougon Juliette , Deblanc Céline , Renson Patricia , Quéguiner Stéphane , Gorin Stéphane , Mahé Sophie , Le Dimna Mireille , Barbier Nicolas , Paboeuf Frédéric , Simon Gaëlle , Bourry Olivier
Published: October 2021

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza A virus (swIAV) are major pathogens of the porcine respiratory disease complex, but little is known on their interaction in super-infected pigs. In this study, we investigated clinical, virological and immunological outcomes of successive infections with PRRSV-1 and H1N2 swIAV. Twenty-four specific pathogen-free piglets were distributed into four groups and inoculated either with PRRSV at study day (SD) 0, or with swIAV at SD8, or with PRRSV and swIAV one week apart at SD0 and SD8, respectively, or mock-inoculated. In PRRSV/swIAV group, the clinical signs usually observed after swIAV infection were attenuated while higher levels of anti-swIAV antibodies were measured in lungs. Concurrently, PRRSV multiplication in lungs was significantly affected by swIAV infection, whereas the cell-mediated immune response specific to PRRSV was detected earlier in blood, as compared to PRRSV group. Moreover, levels of interferon (IFN)-α measured from SD9 in the blood of super-infected pigs were lower than those measured in the swIAV group, but higher than in the PRRSV group at the same time. Correlation analyses suggested an important role of IFN-α in the two-way interference highlighted between both viral infections.
Alphavirus-Driven Interferon Gamma (IFNg) Expression Inhibits Tumor Growth in Orthotopic 4T1 Breast Cancer Model
Authors: Trofimova Olga , Korotkaja Ksenija , Skrastina Dace , Jansons Juris , Spunde Karina , Isaguliants Maria , Zajakina Anna
Published: October 2021

Interferon gamma (IFNg) is a pleiotropic cytokine that can potentially reprogram the tumor microenvironment; however, the antitumor immunomodulatory properties of IFNg still need to be validated due to variable therapeutic outcomes in preclinical and clinical studies. We developed a replication-deficient Semliki Forest virus vector expressing IFNg (SFV/IFNg) and evaluated its immunomodulatory antitumor potential in vitro in a model of 3D spheroids and in vivo in an immunocompetent 4T1 mouse breast cancer model. We demonstrated that SFV-derived, IFN-g-stimulated bone marrow macrophages can be used to acquire the tumoricidal M1 phenotype in 3D nonattached conditions. Coculturing SFV/IFNg-infected 4T1 spheroids with BMDMs inhibited spheroid growth. In the orthotopic 4T1 mouse model, intratumoral administration of SFV/IFNg virus particles alone or in combination with the Pam3CSK4 TLR2/1 ligand led to significant inhibition of tumor growth compared to the administration of the control SFV/Luc virus particles. Analysis of the composition of intratumoral lymphoid cells isolated from tumors after SFV/IFNg treatment revealed increased CD4+ and CD8+ and decreased T-reg (CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+) cell populations. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the populations of cells bearing myeloid cell markers CD11b, CD38, and CD206 was observed. In conclusion, the SFV/IFNg vector induces a therapeutic antitumor T-cell response and inhibits myeloid cell infiltration in treated tumors.
Persulfate Process Activated by Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts for Synthetic Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Domingues Eva , Silva Maria João , Vaz Telma , Gomes João , Martins Rui C.
Published: October 2021

Wastewaters from the olive oil industry are a regional environmental problem. Their phenolic content provides inherent toxicity, which reduces the treatment potential of conventional biological systems. In this study, Sulfate Radical based Advanced Oxidation Processes (SRbAOPs) are compared with advanced oxidation processes (namely Fenton’s peroxidation) as a depuration alternative. Synthetic olive mill wastewaters were submitted to homogeneous and heterogeneous SRbAOPs using iron sulfate and solid catalysts (red mud and Fe-Ce-O) as the source of iron (II). The homogenous process was optimized by testing different pH values, as well as iron and persulfate loads. At the best conditions (pH 5, 300 mg/L of iron and 600 mg/L of persulfate), it was possible to achieve 39%, 63% and 37% COD, phenolic compounds and TOC removal, respectively. The catalytic potential of a waste (red mud) and a laboratory material (Fe-Ce-O) was tested using heterogenous SRbAOPs. The best performance was achieved by Fe-Ce-O, with an optimal load of 1600 mg/L. At these conditions, 27%, 55% and 5% COD, phenolic compounds and TOC removal were obtained, respectively. Toxicity tests on A. fischeri and L. sativum showed no improvements in toxicity from the treated solutions when compared with the original one. Thus, SRbAOPs use a suitable technology for synthetic OMW.
Vertical Boundary Mixing Events during Stratification Govern Heat and Nutrient Dynamics in a Windy Tropical Reservoir Lake with Important Water-Level Fluctuations: A Long-Term (2001–2021) Study
Authors: Merino-Ibarra Martín , Ramírez-Zierold Jorge A. , Valdespino-Castillo Patricia M. , Castillo-Sandoval Fermin S. , Guzmán-Arias Andrea P. , Barjau-Aguilar Mariel , Monroy-Ríos Emiliano , López-Gómez Luz M. , Sacristán-Ramírez Arantxa , Quintanilla-Terminel José G. , González-De Zayas Roberto , Jimenez-Contreras Jorge , Valeriano-Riveros María E. , Vilaclara-Fatjó Gloria , Sánchez-Carrillo Salvador
Published: October 2021

Physical processes play important roles in controlling eutrophication and oligotrophication. In stratified lakes, internal waves can cause vertical transport of heat and nutrients without breaking the stratification, through boundary mixing events. Such is the case in tropical Valle de Bravo (VB) reservoir lake, where strong diurnal winds drive internal waves, boundary mixing, and hypolimnetic warming during stratification periods. We monitored VB during 21 years (2001–2021) when important water-level fluctuations occurred, affecting mixing and nutrient flux. Stability also varied as a function of water level. Hypolimnetic warming (0.009–0.028 °C day−1) occurred in all the stratifications monitored. We analyzed temperature distributions and modeled the hypolimnion heat budget to assess vertical mixing between layers (0.639–3.515 × 10−6 m3 day−1), vertical diffusivity coefficient KZ (2.5 × 10−6–13.6 × 10−6 m2 s−1), and vertical nutrient transport to the epilimnion. Nutrient flux from the metalimnion to the epilimnion ranged 0.42–5.99 mg P m−2day−1 for soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and 5.8–101.7 mg N m−2day−1 for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). Vertical mixing and the associated nutrient fluxes increase evidently as the water level decreases 8 m below capacity, and they can increase up to fivefold if the water level drops over 12 m. The observed changes related to water level affect nutrient recycling, ecosystemic metabolic balance, and planktonic composition of VB.
Effect of Surface Water Level Fluctuations on the Performance of Near-Bank Managed Aquifer Recharge from Injection Wells
Authors: Wu Peipeng , Comte Jean-Christophe , Zhang Lijuan , Wang Shuhong , Chang Bin
Published: October 2021

Managed aquifer recharge operations are often conducted in near-bank areas to regulate water resources or reduce seawater intrusion. Yet little is known about the influence of surface water level fluctuations at different temporal scales on MAR performance. A generalized conceptual model was developed based on an investigation site in Western China as a basis to simulate the response surface water level fluctuations on the water table, artificially recharged water lens (formed by the artificially recharged water), groundwater flow paths and average travel times (which is an important control on how quickly contaminants are flushed out of aquifers), and the discharge of the artificially recharged aquifer during the surface water level fluctuation. The results showed a fluctuating groundwater table in the artificially recharged near-bank aquifer under the influence of surface water level fluctuations. The peak values of the increment of the groundwater table induced by artificial recharge decreased with the increase of the period and amplitude of surface water level fluctuation, but the trough values of the increment of water table increases with that. The penetration depth of surface water into the aquifer with a fluctuating surface water level leads to a decreasing increment of the groundwater table which follows a power law. The fluctuating surface water level leads to dynamic changes of artificially recharged water lens morphology and a thinner artificially recharged water lens. A mixing zone of recharged water and ambient water could be found in the artificially recharged near-bank area, which is expected to lead to modifications in the geochemical conditions in the artificially recharged near-bank aquifer. A longer period of surface water level fluctuation leads to a longer average travel time, but the larger penetration depth of surface water and amplitude lead to a shorter average travel time. The peak discharge of the near-bank aquifer was found to decrease with the period of surface water level fluctuation, but it increases with penetration depth and amplitude. This study is important in providing insights into the performance of near-bank managed aquifer recharge with respect to surface water level fluctuation.
Here Comes the Flood, but Not Failure? Lessons to Learn after the Heavy Rain and Pluvial Floods in Germany 2021
Authors: Fekete Alexander , Sandholz Simone
Published: October 2021

Floods are a known natural hazard in Germany, but the amount of precipitation and ensuing high death toll and damages after the events especially from 14 to 15 July 2021 came as a surprise. Almost immediately questions about failure in the early warning chains and the effectiveness of the German response emerged, also internationally. This article presents lessons to learn and argues against a blame culture. The findings are based on comparisons with findings from previous research projects carried out in the Rhein-Erft Kreis and the city of Cologne, as well as on discussions with operational relief forces after the 2021 events. The main disaster aspects of the 2021 flood are related to issuing and understanding warnings, a lack of information and data exchange, unfolding upon a situation of an ongoing pandemic and aggravated further by critical infrastructure failure. Increasing frequencies of flash floods and other extremes due to climate change are just one side of the transformation and challenge, Germany and neighbouring countries are facing. The vulnerability paradox also heavily contributes to it; German society became increasingly vulnerable to failure due to an increased dependency on its infrastructure and emergency system, and the ensuing expectations of the public for a perfect system.
Genome Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 Allows Monitoring of Variants of Concern through Wastewater
Authors: Herold Malte , d'Hérouël Aymeric Fouquier , May Patrick , Delogu Francesco , Wienecke-Baldacchino Anke , Tapp Jessica , Walczak Cécile , Wilmes Paul , Cauchie Henry-Michel , Fournier Guillaume , Ogorzaly Leslie
Published: October 2021

Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater has shown to be an effective tool for epidemiological surveillance. More specifically, RNA levels determined with RT-qPCR have been shown to track with the infection dynamics within the population. However, the surveillance of individual lineages circulating in the population based on genomic sequencing of wastewater samples is challenging, as the genetic material constitutes a mixture of different viral haplotypes. Here, we identify specific signature mutations from individual SARS-CoV-2 lineages in wastewater samples to estimate lineages circulating in Luxembourg. We compare circulating lineages and mutations to those detected in clinical samples amongst infected individuals. We show that especially for dominant lineages, the allele frequencies of signature mutations correspond to the occurrence of particular lineages in the population. In addition, we provide evidence that regional clusters can also be discerned. We focused on the time period between November 2020 and March 2021 in which several variants of concern emerged and specifically traced the lineage B.1.1.7, which became dominant in Luxembourg during that time. During the subsequent time points, we were able to reconstruct short haplotypes, highlighting the co-occurrence of several signature mutations. Our results highlight the potential of genomic surveillance in wastewater samples based on amplicon short-read data. By extension, our work provides the basis for the early detection of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Editorial
Authors: Borba Graziele
Published: October 2021

Editorial
Editorial
Authors: Barreto Tarsis
Published: October 2021

Editorial
A Five-Step Stakeholder Communication Plan for More Effective Natural Resource Management
Authors: Brown Hannah , Jacobson Susan , Cockrell Marcy , Sutt Jessica , Allen Katherine , Copeland Amy
Published: October 2021

Effectively communicating with diverse groups involved in environmental management is critical to facilitating successful projects. This five-step communication plan is designed to enable resource managers and extension professionals to successfully engage their stakeholders. This plan, which uses oyster reef management as an example, was informed by two primary sources: an expert meeting with stakeholder leaders and coastal res- idents and a review of relevant literature. By incorporating stakeholder input throughout the planning and imple- mentation of natural resource management projects, new and innovative ideas emerge, and relationships between stakeholders, managers, and extension agents are strengthened.
Life cycle and morphometric analysis of nymphs of Cynodonmiris corpoicanus Ferreira & Barreto, 2013 (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: F. Ferreira Paulo Sergio , Barreto-Triana Nancy , Osorio-Mejía Pablo Andrés , de Souza Fagner , Fiuza Ferreira Luciano Santana
Published: October 2021

The bug Cynodonmiris corpoicanus inhabit the Cundiboyacense High Plateau in Colombia feeding on grasses (Poaceae). The authors carry out their life cycle in greenhouse and characterize the damage on oat (Avena sativa) leaves. The duration egg – adult last 49.3 days and undergo five nymphal stages. The morphometric study was conducted by principal component analysis (PCA) and 2.03 PAST software. This method let to determine measures for nymphal stages separation, furthermore we consider coloration, morphology and morphometric description. A key for nymphal stages determination was developed by morphometric and morphology diagnostic characters. Also, we include illustrations of the C. corpoicanus nymphal stages.
The Related Study Tendencies in the Field of Gasification: A Bibliometric Approach
Authors: SEYITOGLU Sertac Samed , KILIÇARSLAN Ali
Published: October 2021

Undoubtedly, energy plays a vital role in every sphere of life. Fossil energy sources such as coal and natural gas are generally used for energy production. People are looking for more efficient use of the source in recent years due to the rapid depletion in the fossil fuel resources. Gasification of coal is a useful method for produce clean and efficient energy. This study was carried out to find out the various trends in scientific studies that provide literature for the field of coal gasification on world. All data used in this study have been reached from Web of Science database. In this study, the coal gasification related to both bibliometric and historical analyses were investigated. The Web of Science database was scanned for the articles about coal gasification between the years of 1989 and 2020. The considered parameters in the bibliometric analysis are the number of citations and documents, authorships and ownerships, patterns of international collaborations and addresses.
Spectrum and the Jost Solution of Discrete Impulsive Klein-Gordon Equation with Hyperbolic Eigenparameter
Authors: KÖPRÜBAŞI Turhan
Published: October 2021

Let L denote the quadratic pencil of difference operator with boundary and impulsive conditions generated in l_2 (N) by△(a_(n-1)△y_(n-1) )+(q_n+2λp_n+λ^2 ) y_n=0 , n∈N∖{k-1,k,k+1},y_0=0,(■(y_(k+1)@△y_(k+1) ))=θ(■(y_(k-1)@▽y_(k-1) )); θ=(■(θ_1&θ_2@θ_3&θ_4 )),{θ_i }_(i=1,2,3,4)∈Rwhere {a_n }_( n∈N), {p_n }_( n∈N), {q_n }_( n∈N) are real sequences, λ=2 cosh⁡(z/2) is a hyperbolic eigenparameter and △, ▽ are respectively forward and backward operators. In this paper, the spectral properties of L such as the spectrum, the eigenvalues, the scattering function and their properties are investigated. Moreover, an example about the scattering function and the existence of eigenvalues is given in the special cases, if∑_(n=1)^∞▒n(|1-a_n |+|p_n |+|q_n |) <∞.
Decoupling the sequence of dielectric breakdown in single device bilayer stacks by radiation-controlled, spatially localized creation of oxide defects
Authors: Aguirre Fernando Leonel , Ranjan Alok , Raghavan Nagarajan , Padovani Andrea , Pazos Sebastián Matías , Vega Nahuel , Müller Nahuel , Debray Mario , Molina-Reyes Joel , Pey Kin Leong , Palumbo Félix
Published: October 2021

The breakdown (BD) sequence in high-K/interfacial layer (HK/IL) stacks for time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) has remained controversial for sub-45 nm CMOS nodes, as many attempts to decode it were not based on proper experimental methods. Know-how of this sequence is critical to the future design for reliability of FinFETs and nanosheet transistors. We present here the use of radiation fluence as a tool to precisely tune the defect density in the dielectric layer, which jointly with the statistical study of the soft, progressive and hard BD, allow us to infer the BD sequence using a single HfO2–SiO
x
bilayered MOS structure.
On Edge Caching in Satellite–IoT Networks
Authors: Ngo Quynh , Phan Tran Khoa , Xiang Wei , Mahmood Abdun , Slay Jill
Published: October 2021

The implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) is mostly done through cellular networks which do not cover the whole world. In addition, the explosive growth of global Internet access demand introduces the need for integrating satellites with cellular IoT networks for coverage extension and backhaul offloading. Operating hybrid satellite-IoT (SIoT) networks, however, might incur excessive service latency and high satellite bandwidth consumption. To tackle these issues, edge caching technology has been considered in SIoT. This article reviews existing research on edge caching-based SIoT networks with illustrative performance evaluation. Various caching design criteria with a focus on two-tier cache-enabled SIoT are discussed. In addition, open research problems on edge caching in SIoT are identified as future research directions and opportunities.
EFEKTIVITAS PENDEKATAN MATEMATIKA RELISTIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR DAN KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Ningsih Reni Puspita
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a realistic mathematical approach to improve learning activities and students' mathematical representation abilities. The population in this study were all seventh grade students in one of the public junior high schools in Bandar Lampung in the 2011/2012 academic year which were divided into 9 classes with class divisions consisting of 3 classes with high early ability, 3 classes with moderate early ability, and 3 classes with moderate ability. low start. The students' initial abilities are taken from students' national exam scores at the elementary school level. The class taken in this study is a class that has a high initial ability. Sampling was taken using the Purposive Random Sampling Technique. The samples taken in this study were 2 classes of high early ability from 3 classes of high early ability and obtained classes VII C and VII D which consisted of 65 students with 34 male students and 31 female students. Data was collected using observation techniques based on observation sheets and test techniques using test instruments that were arranged based on the indicators to be achieved. As for what can be concluded from this research is the Realistic Mathematics Approach is effectively applied to the mathematics learning of students with high initial ability to improve learning activities and mathematical representation abilities.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Dumila Retno , Hardianti Desrina , Noprisa Noprisa
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine the improvement of students' mathematical communication skills in online learning by using instructional video media. The study used a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research subjects were students of class VIII in a private Junior High School in Bandar Lampung City. There are two classes in this study, namely the experimental class consisted of 33 students and the control class consisted of 33 students. The experimental class received online learning using instructional video media, while the control class used the method without giving intructional videos. The research instrument used a mathematical communication ability test. The results showed that the inprovement in mathematical communication skills in the experimental class was better than the control class
Dilemas éticos en la práctica psicológica forense: Revisión sistemática y análisis bibliométrico
Authors: Arellano Luz Adriana , Rivera Heredia María Elena
Published: October 2021

La función del psicólogo forense enfrenta múltiples dilemas éticos, presentando especiales desafíos para la formación y ejercicio profesional. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar los principales dilemas éticos con los que se enfrenta en la práctica el psicólogo forense expuestos por la literatura especializada de 2010 al 2019 desde una perspectiva internacional, además de realizar un análisis bibliométrico. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo las recomendaciones del estándar PRISMA. La búsqueda partió de una base de 7889 artículos, de la cual se extrajeron 197 para finalmente seleccionar 16 para este estudio. En ellos se identificaron 124 menciones de dilemas éticos que se sintetizaron en 77, los cuales fueron clasificados en seis categorías: objetividad, conflicto de intereses, obtención y uso de información, consentimiento, competencia profesional, e intervención. Del análisis bibliométrico, se destaca que la mitad de los documentos fueron elaborados en Estados Unidos de América y ninguno en Latinoamérica; el 87% en idioma inglés y el 12.5% en español. Sin embargo, la revista Anuario de Psicología Jurídica fue la que publicó un mayor número de dilemas. De los documentos analizados, el año en el que fueron publicados más artículos fue el 2014 y la revista que más publicaciones emitió fue Psychological Injury and Law. Se concluye que son reducidos los estudios en los que se aborda el tema de los dilemas éticos en la práctica de la psicología forense, y ninguno de ellos se ha publicado en México.
Побудова комплексної методики оцінки ефективності автоматизації систем опалення, вентиляція та кондиціювання повітря.
Authors: Казарова І.
Published: October 2021

Розглянуто сучасні методи збільшення ефективності енергопостачання житлових комплексів за рахунок оптимізації систем опалення, вентиляції та кондиціювання повітря. Проведено комплексний аналіз вимог до систем автоматизованого клімат‑контролю житлових та робочих приміщень. Запропонована схема контролю параметрів системи опалення, вентиляції та кондиціювання повітря, що включає у себе аналіз температури повітря, а також рівня вологості і забруднення повітря. Розроблено математичну модель регулювання температури повітря у приміщенні, яка базується на визначенні ключових параметрів термодинамічної системи відповідно ідеального циклу Карно. Вказано підходи адаптації моделі для вирішення актуальних завдань та оптимізації систем енергопостачання через визначення екстремумів цільових функцій системи опалення, вентиляції та кондиціювання повітря.
Das integrierte Sortenprüfsystem Zuckerrübe – Wachsen mit den Herausforderungen
Authors: Manthey Richard , Kenter Christine , Laufer Daniel , Ladewig Erwin
Published: October 2021

Die Wertprüfungen beim Bundessortenamt (BSA) vor der Zulassung und die weitere Testung der zugelassenen Sorten über den Koordinierungsausschuss am Institut für Zuckerrübenforschung (IfZ) und die regionalen Arbeitsgemeinschaften bilden das integrierte Sortenprüfsystem Zuckerrübe. Durch die enge Zusammenarbeit von BSA, IfZ, Zuckerwirtschaft und Züchtungsunternehmen können kurzfristig flexible Lösungen für neue Fragestellungen erarbeitet und Zulassungen von Sorten mit innovativen Eigenschaften beim BSA ermöglicht werden. Der Schlüssel zur erfolgreichen Nutzung der Sortenleistung im Zuckerrübenanbau ist die neutrale Bewertung und Beratung auf Basis valider Versuchsergebnisse mit hoher Schätzgenauigkeit. Die hohe Qualität und der Umfang der Sortenversuche sind dafür entscheidende Voraussetzungen und im integrierten Sortenprüfsystem bei Zuckerrüben beispielhaft gelöst. Eine Feststellung der Identität von in Deutschland zugelassenen Sorten im Saatgutverkehr ist sichergestellt. Bei Sorten, die in anderen EU-Ländern zugelassen wurden, ist dies jedoch nur mit erheblicher Zeitverzögerung möglich und eine sichere Identifizierung ist deutlich erschwert.
Novel Pyrimidine-Triazole Schiff Bases: Synthesis, Antifungal Activities, DFT and Molecular Docking
Authors: Li Mou-Cui , Ren Ying-Hui , Han Yu-Ying , Dong Yang-Ming , Wu Shao-Jie , Zhang Wen-Hui , Qi Le , Lu Yi-Ming , Ma Hai-Xia
Published: October 2021

Seven 4-amino-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione Schiff base compounds were synthesized reacting 4-amino-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione with dichloro-substituted 5-pyrimidines, and the structures were verified by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, 1H NMR). Additionally, in vitro antifungal activities of the compounds (named F1~F2; A1~A5) against Grape anthracnose and Wheat gibberellic have been evaluated. The compounds of F1, A4 and A5 were found to be potentially effective antifungal agents against Grape anthracnose, while the others showed the low bioactivity. The antifungal activity of all compounds against Wheat gibberellic were superior to that of fluconazole (standard drug, SD). Particularly, compounds of F1, A1, A4 and A5 exhibited a broad-spectrum antifungal activity against two fungus as compared to the others. Therefore, molecular docking study was carried out to explore the potential interaction between ligands and Fusarium graminearum (PDB ID: 5E9H). The results showed that four compounds had higher affinity compared with fluconazole and form the stable complex with the receptor. Besides, the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP) of four compounds with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity were also calculated with DFT/ B3LYP /6-31G (d, p) method. The energy gap values (△ELUMO-HOMO) of all the synthesized compounds ranged from 3.307-3.375 eV, which was lower than that of SD (6.248 eV). Additionally, according to MEP the electrophile reaction of 5-substituted groups was beneficial to improving the biological activity against Wheat gibberellic and Grape anthracnose.
Alcoholic Fermentation with different Saccharomyces Strains and its Effect of Mash Composition
Authors: Kapcsandi Viktoria , Hanczne Erika Lakatos , Nagy Agnes , Szekelyhidi Rita
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of two yeast strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. bayanus) on the fermentation with or without additional pectinase. The organic acids products (tartaric, malic, and succinic acid), carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) utilized, and ethanol produced were examined by HPLC. The efficiency of fermentation was affected by several parameters such as the preparation procedure of the fruits, like temperature (18�C), yeast strain applied, pH adjustment (3.2), the dosage of yeast nutrient and application of pectinase. We have found that pectinase pre-treatment and S. cerevisiae could significantly alter the amount of the examined components, which changed the quality of the end product. We have also experienced significant (p≤0.05) differences in the sugar utilisation of yeast strains as well as organic acid contents in the different stages of fermentation, where the samples fermented with spontaneous and identified yeast strains.
Mental toughness questionnaire (MTQ18): A Russian version
Authors: Denovan Andrew , Dagnall Neil , Hill-Artamonova Elena , Musienko T
Published: October 2021

A special role in the study of personal security problems is played by the study of psychological stability and mental toughness, the development of which involves the ability of a person to focus on one occupation without dispersing their forces, the ability to bring any business started to completion, overcoming the fear of the new, an adequate attitude to their mistakes, the ability to think in a positive way, resistance to force-majeure situations and the ability do not give in to impulses, stress resistance and other qualities.
In the article, the authors proposed a Mental Toughness Questionnaire.
The 18-item Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ18) is a brief, widely used measure of mental toughness. The MTQ18 derives from the longer MTQ48, which comprises four independent but correlated factors (Challenge, Commitment, Control and Confidence). Despite sampling items from across MTQ48 dimensions, the MTQ18 (as intended) provides a global, unidimensional score. The current paper translated the MTQ18 into Russian, and consequently assessed validity and reliability (factorial, internal and convergent) in a general population sample of 1150 participants (432 male and 718 female). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed the MTQ18 possessed additional variance to that accounted for by a unidimensional solution. Moreover, analyses via exploratory structural equation modelling demonstrated better data-model fit for a four-factor model than CFA. However, factors of Control and Challenge demonstrated inconsistent item loadings. Tests of convergent validity revealed the MTQ18 correlated with theoretically related measures. Overall, although the MTQ18 was a psychometrically acceptable measure, issues with factorial structure require reconciliation in future research.
Device for Wood-Cutting Tool Hardening
Authors:   Bryansk State Technical University, Buglaev Anatoly M.
Published: October 2021

Choosing effective methods and devices for surface hardening of wood-cutting tools is problematic due to the variety of their designs and operating conditions. In this regard, the development of such devices becomes an urgent task. According to the literature, one of the effective methods for increasing the service life of machine parts and tools is electrospark hardening or electrospark alloying. Industrial electrospark installations such as “EFI” (electrophysical measurements) and “Elitron” with manual vibrators are used for electrospark hardening. However, using manual vibrators significantly increases the labour intensity and hardening time. Moreover, the surface quality after hardening with manual vibrators is often unsatisfactory. Various mechanized installations have been developed in order to reduce the labour intensity of electrospark hardening. Nevertheless, these installations are designed to harden specific parts and do not allow hardening tools of various designs, including woodcutting tools. The surface quality after hardening in mechanized installations does not always satisfy the customer. Further surface plastic deformation treatments, such as rolling and unrolling with rollers and balls, as well as diamond burnishing, are often used to improve the surface quality after electrospark hardening. The surface quality after additional processing by these methods boosts, although the labour intensity and cost of the hardening process increase. To increase the wear resistance of machine parts and tools, it is reasonable to reduce the height parameters of roughness, increase microhardness, and form the residual compressive stresses, which is ensured by the methods of surface plastic deformation. In this regard, it becomes necessary to use electrospark hardening simultaneously with surface plastic deformation. The work presents the design and features of using the device for hardening. The device was used to strengthen the thicknesser machine knives, which made it possible to almost double their durability. Applying this device, in comparison with using the electrospark hardening with a manual vibrator, reduces the roughness of the hardened surface and improves the surface quality of the processed workpieces. The modes of hardening have been installed, making it possible to effectively harden wood-cutting tools. For citation: Buglaev A.M. Device for Wood-Cutting Tool Hardening. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 5, pp. 134–141. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-134-141
Applying Sulfite Liquors as a Nutrient Medium for Cultivation of Lactic Acid Producer Rhizopus oryzae F-1030
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Mingazova Leysan A. , Kryakunova Elena V. , Kanarskaya Zosya A. , Kanarsky Albert V.
Published: October 2021

The filamentous fungi Rhizopus oryzae are well known for their ability to hydrolyze plant polysaccharides. Representatives of this species are widely used for the production of various products, such as organic acids (lactic acid, fumaric acid), ethanol, and hydrolytic enzymes (glucoamylases, polygalacturonases). Various carbon sources such as pentose and hexose sugars are used for the synthesis of R. oryzae exoproducts. Expensive plant sugarcontaining raw materials are used in the lactic acid production by the microbiological method, which significantly increases the final cost of the product. The article demonstrates the possibility of using cheaper by-products of pulp and paper production such as sulphite liquors as an alternative source of carbon for microbiological synthesis of lactic acid. Sulphite liquors contain a large amount of carbohydrates – products of incomplete hydrolysis of cellulose such as hemicelluloses, mono- and oligomeric sugars. The composition of sulfite liquors allows us to consider them as a potential substrate for the synthesis of lactic acid by using different microorganisms. The paper considers the dependence of the lactic acid yield on the composition of the nutrient medium based on sulfite liquor and the cultivation method of the fungus R. oryzae F-1030. As additional sources of nitrogen and phosphorus, (NH4)2SO4 and KH2PO4 were introduced to the nutrient medium. The fungus R. oryzae F-1030 was cultivated by two methods: the semicontinuous culture method, when the nutrient medium was completely replaced after depletion of the reducing sugars in it; the batch culture method, when the lack of reducing sugars in the medium was compensated by the addition of concentrated sulfite liquor. Since the nutrient medium based on sulfite liquor contains the products of incomplete cellulose hydrolysis and xylans, the xylanase and cellulase activities of the fungus R. oryzae F-1030 were measured in order to determine its absorption degree of carbohydrates, contained in the nutrient medium. It was found that it is more expedient to use the semicontinuous method for the fungus R. oryzae F-1030 cultivation on a nutrient medium based on sulfite liquor in order to obtain more synthesized lactic acid. The addition of mineral sources of nitrogen and phosphorus has practically no effect on the final yield of lactic acid. For citation: Mingazova L.A., Kryakunova E.V., Kanarskaya Z.A., Kanarsky A.V. Applying Sulfite Liquors as a Nutrient Medium for Cultivation of Lactic Acid Producer Rhizopus oryzae F-1030. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 5, pp. 163–173. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-163-173
Application of the Adobe Photoshop Software Package in Leaf Blade Area Measurement of Woody Plants
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy, Babaev Ramis N.
Published: October 2021

There are a number of applied methods for determining morphometric parameters, including the area of leaf blades of woody plants: millimeter graph paper method, method of direct measurements, punching method, and planimetric method. The analysis and practical application of the methods in the test mode revealed their shortcomings related to inaccuracy of measurements, experiment duration, and equipment inaccessibility. Many researchers have successfully acquired digitized images. However, capturing the parameters of the considered structure from the monitor screen is often impossible due to the low availability of morphometric programs and their high cost. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of existing methods for determining the area of leaf blades on the example of the birch genus (Betula L.) trees and to accumulate the algorithm for determining morphometric parameters of birch leaf blades in the Adobe Photoshop software package. We have developed a method for determining morphometric parameters of leaf blades of woody plants using the Adobe Photoshop software package. The research subject is the leaf blades of birch trees. This method requires: blank A4 sheets; a ruler with an angle of 90°; transparent adhesive tape (scotch tape); and a scanner. We draw a reference square of random (but fixed) dimensions in a random corner of each sheet, step by 10 mm from its borders, on a blank A4 sheet using a ruler with an angle of 90°. The square is placed strictly parallel to the sheet borders. Then, leaf blades of the desired wood species are attached to the sheet with scotch tape. Using the scanner, we convert the workpiece into electronic form and upload the image to Adobe Photoshop. In order to receive morphometric parameters, you can use the following program tools: “ruler”, “magic wand”, “magnetic lasso tool”. At the same time, it is possible to automatically select the borders of the studied object, which helps to avoid subjective errors. The resulting measurements are displayed in pixels and then converted to the required units. The obtained data is verified using the reference square. Verification showed that the method accuracy is more than 99.9 %. The proposed method allows to perform fast and accurate measurements of morphometric parameters of leaf blades, without requiring the purchase of expensive equipment, which makes it available to any researcher who faces with the task of measuring the surface of leaf blades of woody plants. For citation: Babaev R.N. Application of the Adobe Photoshop Software Package in Leaf Blade Area Measurement of Woody Plants. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 5, pp. 185–191. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-185-191