bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Undergraduates’awareness, utilization and satisfaction with online public access catalogue (OPAC) in public university libraries in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Aju David T. , Tofi Simon Ternenge
Published: September 2020

The study investigated undergraduate’s awareness, utilization and satisfaction with online public access catalogue (OPAC) in selected University libraries in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Four (4) objectives with corresponding research questions guided the study. The study adopted survey research design. The population of the study was 7,233 registered library users (undergraduates) in two (2) public universities in Nasarawa State, namely Federal University Lafia (FULAFIA) and Nasarawa State University, Keffi (NSUK). The sample size for the study was 379 drawn using Taro-Yemene’s formula for sample size determination. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to select the sample of respondents from the two (2) universities under study (i.e.) FULAFIA with 150 and NSUK, 299 respectively. Questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. A total of 379 questionnaire were distributed and 362 retrieved for analysis representing a percentage of 95.5%. Data was analyzed using frequency counts; mean scores and standard deviation. Findings of the study revealed that, undergraduates were highly aware of Online Public Access Catalogue in selected University Libraries in Nasarawa State. The finding also revealed, undergraduates in selected university libraries in Nasarawa State utilized OPAC to a little extent and students were not satisfied with the use of OPAC, hence their extent of satisfaction derived from the use of OPAC was little extent. Findings further revealed factors affecting use of OPAC by undergraduates in selected university libraries to include: library guide to explain how to use the OPAC is not available, unstable power supply, library staff not friendly, network/server problems, lack of computer systems, among others. Finally, conclusion and recommendations were made based on the findings of the study.
Intenciones de turistas potenciales regionales para viajar al estado de Colima, en el contexto pos-COVID-19
Authors: Amaya Molinar Carlos Mario , González Sánchez Renato Francisco , Magaña Carrillo Irma
Published: September 2020

Este trabajo busca conocer las intenciones de viaje potenciales en el área de influencia turística de Colima, México. Se utilizaron 495 cuestionarios que permitieron desarrollar una base de datos a fin de generar información descriptiva y realizar análisis de correspondencias. Los encuestados muestran cautela de viajar frente a los riesgos sanitarios, la situación económica y la inseguridad. El trabajo se basa asimismo en la literatura académica sobre temas de mercadotecnia, manejo de desastres y competitividad turística. Se formulan propuestas para la recuperación de la actividad turística en Colima al final de la pandemia.
Palabras clave: COVID-19, destino turístico, sociodemográfico, hábitos, correspondencias.
Адвокатура в Узбекистане: текущее состояние и перспективы развития
Authors: Саломов Бахром
Published: September 2020

В статье анализируется текущее состояние института адвокатуры в Республике Узбекистан. Изучены существующие проблемы, без устранения которых невозможно дальнейшее реформирование адвокатуры. Приведена авторская классификация этапов развития адвокатуры, обсуждены перспективы и направления её совершенствования.
Также в статье уделено особое внимание изучению результатов социологического опроса среди адвокатов и студентов, который помог выявить проблемы в сфере и сформировать конкретные предложения по их устранению.
Факторы улучшения социально-политической и общественной активности женщин в нашей стране
Authors: Маткаримова Гулчехра
Published: September 2020

Цель статьи – обзор и анализ мер, принимаемых в целях предупреждения насилия в отношении женщин в Узбекистане. Автор дает подробный обзор нормативно-правовых актов, тщательный анализ их положений, основных понятий, а также механизмов их реализации. Автор делает вывод, что тем более защищена женщина от насилия, тем лучше условия ее жизни. Уровень насилия в отношении женщин – один из показателей, на основе которого можно судить о степени благополучия женщин.  Автор рассматривает  искоренение насилия в отношении женщин как важнейший фактор улучшения положения женщин в обществе.
Об особенностях раскрытия и расследования киберпреступлений
Authors: Матчанов Алимжан
Published: September 2020

В статье, с целью анализа современного состояния киберпреступности, рассматриваются методы борьбы с ней и факторы достижения положительного результата, зависящего от оптимизации следствия и криминалистического обеспечения. Автор, указывая на проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются следователи в расследовании киберпреступлений, приходит к выводу о необходимости совершенствования данной правоохранительной деятельности. Особое внимание уделено комплексному исследованию проблем, связанных с уголовно-правовой квалификацией, уголовно-процессуальным порядком проведения расследования, криминалистической методикой и тактикой, оперативно-розыскным обеспечением раскрытия, международным сотрудничеством. Все это направлено на оптимизацию механизма проведения следственных, процессуальных действий и оперативно-розыскных мероприятий по выявлению, фиксированию и проверке цифровых доказательств в электронной форме. В данной работе выделяются и описываются характерные особенности исследования научно-теоретических и практико-прикладных проблем правоприменительной деятельности должностных лиц государственных органов следствия, уголовного розыска, экспертов и специалистов, ответственных за раскрытие и расследование киберпреступлений. В статье выяснены особенности объекта посягательства, выраженного в информации, хранящейся на технических носителях  информационных систем и передаваемой  по коммуникационным каналам связи глобальной сети Интернет. Автором обобщен материал по исследуемой теме и вводится в научный оборот термин «технология расследования», который наиболее полно отражает комплексный механизм, межотраслевой подход (уголовное право, уголовный процесс, криминалистика, оперативно-розыскная деятельность, судебная экспертиза, международное уголовное право, юридическая психология и др.) к процедуре досудебного производства уголовных дел связанных с преступлениями, совершенными в киберпространстве. Излагаются взгляды отечественных и зарубежных ученых в сфере уголовно-правовых, криминологических, криминалистических, оперативно-розыскных и международно-правовых характеристик киберпреступлений. Значительное внимание уделяется субъективным и объективным факторам, способствующим совершению рассматриваемых преступных деяний, а так же приведены примеры наиболее распространённых их видов. В заключении приводится перечень причин, способствующих совершению этих преступлений, и выработаны авторские предложения по совершенствованию алгоритма деятельности правоохранительных органов в раскрытии и расследовании киберпреступлений.
Анализ основ реабилитации невиновных лиц в уголовном процессе
Authors: Муродов Бахтиёржон , Ботаев Мурод
Published: September 2020

В статье исследуется применение оснований реабилитации в уголовном процессе, правильное её толкование практикующими специалистами и, самое главное, различия между этими основаниями, раскрывается сущность оснований реабилитации через призму анализа действующих нормативных актов и судебной деятельности. Разработаны предложения и рекомендации по совершенствованию процессуального порядка оправдания невиновных лиц и восстановления их нарушенных прав.
Кроме того, акцентируется внимание на поиске решений, с учетом того, что судебные исполнители допускают различные виды ошибок при дифференциации и применении оснований реабилитации в своей работе, и соответственно современная теория уголовного процесса вызывает некоторые противоречия в данной сфере.
Перспективы упрощенного судопроизводства в уголовном процессе
Authors: Тухташева Умида
Published: September 2020

В статье проанализированы задачи упрощенного судопроизводства. Рассмотрены формы упрощенного производства как «суммарное производство» (Англия), «сделка о признании вины» (США), «условный отказ в возбуждении уголовного преследования», «уголовный приказ» (Франция), «ускоренное производство» (Германия). По результатам изучения моделей упрощенного судопроизводства разработаны и предложены пути внедрения в отечественное законодательство.
Преступления в сфере информационных технологий и безопасности: детерминанты и предупреждение
Authors: Абдулазиз Расулев , Рахмонова Сурайё
Published: September 2020

Настоящая статья посвящена анализу детерминантов преступлений в сфере информационных технологий и безопасности. На основе изучения зарубежного опыта и научно-теоретических взглядов были исследованы причины и условия киберпреступлений, личность преступника. По итогам анализа были сделаны соответствующие выводы и разработаны предложения.
Внедрение мер по предупреждению коррупции в частном секторе Узбекистана
Authors: Исмаилов Баходир
Published: September 2020

В статье рассматриваются опыт Узбекистана по предупреждению коррупции в частном секторе. Определено, что негативными факторами распространения коррупции среди компаний приводит к снижению конкурентоспособности национальной экономики, качества государственного управления, подрывает основы свободной конкуренции, создает угрозы политической стабильности и безопасности страны.

При распространении коррупции ухудшается деловой климат, качество корпоративного управления, подрывается репутация компаний, и снижается их инвестиционная привлекательность. На рынках товаров, работ, услуг происходит отрицательная селекция, усиливается монополизм и протекционизм.

Выявлено, что коррупция в частном секторе девальвирует демократические ценности, способствует распространению правового нигилизма, вседозволенности, стяжательства, безнаказанности и др., причиняется существенный вред интересам как общества и государства, так и правам граждан.

Обосновывается тезис о том, что наиболее действенным средством предотвращения коррупции в частном секторе является внедрение в его субъекты систем антикоррупционного комплаенса и соответствующих методик их сертификации.

На основе методов сравнительного исследования выявлены меры по внедрению антикоррупционного комплаенса в бизнес структурах, а также субъектах предпринимательства с государственным участием.

Определено, что значительное влияние на развитие национального законодательства и практики правоприменения в указанной сфере оказывают международные универсальные, региональные и специальные стандарты (ООН, ОЭСР, GRECO, ISO и др.). Обоснован тезис о необходимости совершенствования правовых основ системы антикоррупционного комплаенса, необходимости внедрения в Узбекистане институтов ответственности юридических лиц, предупреждения нелегальной лоббисткой деятельности и др.
Features of historical and cultural development in different geographical conditions (in example of Central Asia)
Authors: Sagdullaev Anatoliy , Abdullaev Utkir , Togaev Jasur
Published: September 2020

The history of all societies is associated with human activity, his economic and cultural needs, therefore, activity and needs as vital qualities of people are widely reflected in their interaction with nature and the environment. In the process of labor and production, nature is the main object of human activity, and certain economic and cultural types have developed in different geographic conditions. This law of historical and cultural development is confirmed by the example of the history of the Bronze Age in Central Asia.

In the Bronze Age, among the population living on the territory of the steppes, the socio-economic system was preserved, characteristic of the tribal communities of cattle-breeding tribes, which were at the stage of decomposition of primitive communal relations. In Central Asia at this time, the process of allocation of historical and cultural regions and ethnic territories was noted.

This article is dedicated to analysis of features of historical and cultural development of Central Asian population in different geographical conditions. The main attention is paid to the fact that the history of economic-cultural types and their development is connected with geographical atmosphere.
Экскурс современным эпидемиологическим проблемам и эволюционным учениям в эпидемиологии
Authors: Амиреев Сакен
Published: September 2020

Охарактеризована современная эпидемиологическая  ситуация по заболеваемости и  смертности в мире, представлены основные социально-экономические показатели, поддерживающие распространение возбудителей инфекции, приведены принципы, концепции и основные положения расширенной программы иммунизации (РПИ) ВОЗ и три этапа РПИ. Освещены актуальные вопросы специфической защиты (вакцинации), показаны упущенные возможности и пути их преодоления. Обращено внимание трем основным источникам эволюционного становления инфекционных болезней человека и обсуждены различные точки зрения, касающихся причин и механизмов эволюционной трансформации посредством смены механизма передачи микроорганизмов основному хозяину - макроорганизму.
Preferred Learning Styles among Students with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Bawalsah Joseph Awwad , Haddad Amer Hani
Published: September 2020

Students with learning disabilities (LD) can benefit more in school contexts when they are allowed to learn according to their preferred learning style. The purpose of this study was to identify preferred learning styles in 10th-grade students with LD and to determine whether these styles differ according to gender and Grade Point Average (GPA). A quantitative design through questionnaires and personal interviews were applied, 184 students completed self-report questionnaires for defining their learning style, and were interviewed for LD diagnosis. Results revealed that 45 students of them were at risk of having LD, and that kinesthetic and auditory learning styles were the most preferred styles among them, and these styles were correlated to gender between males and females, and correlated to GPA as students with higher achievement prefer kinesthetic and auditory learning styles respectively. The presence of LD managed to predict the preferred learning style according to gender and GPA, as males with LD preferring the auditory learning style managed to have better GPA compared to other students with LD, while females with LD who preferred kinesthetic learning style managed to have a better GPA compared to other females with LD. Findings were discussed according to the current educational practices adopted by teachers in schools compared to desired practices that should be compatible with preferred learning styles.
Does Giving the Learner Control Improve Learner Success?
Authors: Al Nashrey Abdu Ahmed
Published: September 2020

This research aims to determine the most suitable style of educational control over the use of multimedia by high school chemistry students in Saudi Arabia. The research aims to quantify the effect of styles of educational control over multimedia (program or learner control) on 16-17 year old students' achievements in chemistry. The sample consists of two groups of 30 students. The first group studied with the learner control style while the second studied using the program control style. The results show that the improvement in chemistry test scores in the first group was better than in the second, with a statistically significant difference between groups at the α = 0.05 level. As a result of this research we recommend, firstly, using the learner control style when designing multimedia programs because of its demonstrated positive effect on achievement; and, secondly, expanding the use of educational programs for individual learning to other areas of education. In summary, this research highlights the beneficial combination of multimedia technology and pedagogy.
Teachers and Creativity: The Role of Internal Motives
Authors: Theodoropoulos Nikolaos , Kiprianos Pandelis
Published: September 2020

In this paper we investigate whether and to what extent teachers’ values function as internal motives that shape their involvement with innovation and Innovative Programs. Linking Amabile’s theoretical schema with Super’s concept of work values, our aim is to detect the features of this shaping. The research has a dual aim: on the one hand to examine the extent to which teachers are receptive to innovation and Innovative Programs and on the other, to analyze the role played in this by work and educational values. From our research it emerged that the more the teachers are governed by the values of offering something, autonomy and sociocentric relationships with colleagues, the more likely is their involvement with educational innovation.
Wolof Terminology: Lexical Morphology and Sociolinguistic Implications
Authors: Diagne Abibatou
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we study the lexical morphology of Wolof and tools for terminologization. We focus on prefixes and suffixes. We will apply morphological analysis using the NooJ tool for the identification and extraction of terms from a corpus. We will also discuss the modality of corpus constitution and sources.The lexicon and morphology of Wolof are pretexts for terminological work. Beyond the linguistic aspects, we are interested in the sociolinguistic implications of the development of terminological units in this language. This is part of the general framework of language planning which, to be effective, must be taken into account through a clear and accepted language policy. The social impact covers the fields of scientific and general culture, thus contributing to the vitality of the language, to its social consolidation and to a change in the perception of speakers towards Wolof.Terminologie wolof: morphologie lexicale et implications sociolinguistiques
Issues Confronting Governance and Implementation: Sustainable Development Goals in Ghana
Authors: Osei Nkrumah K.
Published: September 2020

Based on qualitative data from Ghana, this article explores the issues of governance and the extent to which its potential affects the implementation of sustainable development goals (SDGs). The article argues that, although it is largely understood that governance is about the practice of good government, its potential impact on the implementation of SDGs is limited in Ghana. This study advances that, while the implementation of SDGs in Ghana has paved the way for the application of good governance practice, in some cases, it is still trapped in the institutional and network framework that is touted to hamper quality public service delivery development and progress. However, it is suggested in this context that effective implementation of SDGs can be met if the systems and structures of governance are appropriately aligned using proper checks and balances. Additionally, the level of commitment, rule of law, and accountability must be improved to ensure equal participation for all. Finally, corruption must be fought to restore public confidence in the institutions of government and public sector networks while maintaining public trust and performance management with citizen participation to achieve effective public service delivery.
Contributions of Community Health Fund to Social Health Security in Kalambo District Rukwa, Tanzania
Authors: Kasonso Alexander D. , Chingonikaya Emanuel E. , Sikira Anna N.
Published: September 2020

Community Health Fund (CHF) was established in 1996 as a District Council based pre-payment health insurance scheme in Tanzania with the aim of improving health of communities working in the informal sectors. However, since its formulation, it has been performing unsatisfactorily, and hence majority of Households (HHs) are not members while other members are withdrawing from the scheme. This necessitated the need for assessing the contribution of CHF on social health security among members. Specifically, this paper examined the challenges faced by households regarding CHF membership and analysed the contributions of CHF on its member. The study area was Kalambo District Council. A cross-sectional research design was used, whereas a simple random sampling technique through lottery method was employed to select the sample size of 354 respondents. Qualitative data were collected using Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), while quantitative data were collected using a questionnaire. Quantitative data were coded and analysed using IBM-SPSS. Qualitative data were analysed through content analysis. The results show that CHF contributed to social health security among its members in the study area, through provision of health services to its members once they fall sick. On other hand, CHF had few members as only 24.3% of HHs had membership to CHF. One of the barriers for CHF was lack of awareness among communities about the existence of CHF, while other cited lack of money for contributing to CHF. Thus, the study concludes that CHF has not contributed significantly to the health security among targeted members. The study recommends that, CHF officials should widely sensitize communities through seminars and meetings about CHF and its benefits to them. Furthermore, CHF stakeholders should coordinate communities in the area to establish financial institutions such as Village Community Banks (VICOBA) where they can save and borrow money for registration cards.
Estimation of the Shape Parameter of a Wear-Out Failure Period for a Three-Parameter Weibull Distribution in a Small Sample
Authors: Ogura Toru , Sugiyama Takatoshi , Sugiura Nariaki
Published: September 2020

We propose a method to estimate a shape parameter for a three-parameter Weibull distribution. The proposed method first derives an unbiased estimator for the shape parameter independent of the location and scale parameters and then estimates the shape parameter using a minimum-variance linear unbiased estimator. Since the proposed method is expressed using a hyperparameter, its optimal hyperparameter is searched using Monte Carlo simulations. The recommended hyperparameter used for estimating the shape parameter depends on the sample size, and this causes no problems since the sample size is known when data is obtained. The proposed method is evaluated using a bias and a root mean squared error, and the results are very promising when the population shape parameter is 2 or more in the Weibull distribution representing the wear-out failure period. A numerical dataset is analyzed to demonstrate the practical use of the proposed method.
Assessment of the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of dichlorvos (DDVP) using in silico classification model; a health hazard awareness in Nigeria
Authors: Abaukaka Yahaya Abdulwahid , Sanusi Salihu , Ozigi Kabir Abdullahi , Malo Fatima Umar
Published: September 2020

Dichlorvos (DDVP) has been abused in Nigeria for suicide attempts, topical applications to treat an ectoparasitic infestation, and indiscriminate use on farm produce. Exposure to this compound in subacute concentration can cause toxicity in different tissues by alteration of the cellular antioxidative defence mechanism. This analysis is aimed at the systematic profiling of DDVP to assess its cytotoxic and mutagenic potential for human vulnerability using an in silico classification model. DDVP was grouped into categories of analogue chemical compounds generated from inventories based on structural alerts that measure the biological effects on cell lines and animal models using the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model. The cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of DDVP was assessed by analyzing target endpoints like skin sensitization, oral/inhalation toxicity, neurotoxicity and mutagenicity. DDVP shows moderate sensitization potential that can induce skin irritation during prolonged exposure because of the presence of dichlorovenyl side-chain that interacts with cellular proteins and causes degradation. 50% lethal dose (LD50) of DDVP per body weight was determined to be 26.2 mg/kg in a rat model at 95% confidence range for acute oral toxicity, and 14.4 mmol/L was estimated as 50% lethal concentration (LC50) in the atmosphere due to acute inhalation toxicity. DDVP can also inhibit acetylcholinesterase in the nervous system to produce nicotinic and muscarinic symptoms like nausea, vomiting, lacrimation, salivation, bradycardia, and respiratory failure may cause death. The widely used pesticide causes weak DNA methylation which can repress gene transcription on promoter sites. DDVP is volatile so it can cause oral and inhalation toxicity coupled with neurotoxicity during prolonged exposure. Serum cholinesterase blood tests should be encouraged in federal and state hospitals to investigate related health challenges as DDVP is still used in Nigeria.
Neurological Involvement of Patients with COVID-19: Proposed Neuroinvasive Mechanisms and Management
Authors: Davoodian Nahid , Arab Firouzjaei Maryam , Negahi Ahmadagha
Published: September 2020

The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious virus that has caused tremendous chaos in the world. Generally, respiratory symptoms are dominant manifestations in patients with COVID-19. However, the involvement of other organs, such as the nervous system has also been reported, which elucidates the capability of the virus to induce multi-organ failure. In this regard, the presentation of neurological symptoms in infected patients has raised the concern regarding the neuroinvasive potential of COVID-19. As of today, there is emerging evidence that supports the susceptibility of the nervous system to COVID-19. Undoubtedly, the awareness of these findings can result in the timely management and treatment of patients. In the present article, we documented a brief overview of neurological manifestations, possible neuroinvasion mechanisms of COVID-19, and the management of neurological symptoms in infected patients.
Psychometric Properties of Persian Version of the Amphetamine Withdrawal Questionnaire Version 2 (AWQV2) in Patients with Methamphetamine-Type Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Farnia Vahid , Moradinazar Mehdi , Abdoli Nasrin , Alikhani Mostafa , Rezaei Mansour , Khodamoradi Mehdi , Salemi Safora , Davarinejad Omran , Radmehr Farnaz
Published: September 2020

Background: No standard self-report instrument for withdrawal symptoms is available in Iran. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the 10-item Amphetamine Withdrawal questionnaire version 2 (AWQV2). Methods: A sample of 388 methamphetamine addicts (215 females and 173 males) referred to addiction recovery centers and psychiatric ward of Farabi Hospital in Kermanshah. A two-stage random sampling method was used. The reliability and internal consistency of the AWQV2 items were examined using Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability, respectively, and the instrument validity of the AWQV2 was measured using construct validity and convergent validity. Results: The AWQV2 had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.72. Factor analysis using the main component analysis with a varimax rotation introduced three factors of hyperarousal, anxiety, and reversed vegetative symptoms. These factors explained 0.58 of the total variance. The coefficient of test-retest reliability at a 2-week interval was equal to 0.77. The convergent validity of the AWQV2 was examined by simultaneously administering the Advanced Warning of Relapse (AWARE) questionnaire to 40 subjects, with a correlation coefficient of 0.81. Conclusions: Based on the results, the AWQV2 has very good psychometric properties and may be used in research and therapeutic interventions.
Exploring Impact of Requirements Engineering on Other IT Project Areas – Case Study
Authors: Jarzębowicz Aleksander , Poniatowska Katarzyna
Published: September 2020

Requirements Engineering (RE) is recognized as one of the most important (yet difficult) areas of software engineering that has a significant impact on other areas of IT projects and their final outcomes. Empirical studies investigating this impact are hard to conduct, mainly due to the great effort required. It is thus difficult for both researchers and industry practitioners to make evidence-based evaluations about how decisions about RE practices translate into requirement quality and influence other project areas. We propose an idea of a lightweight approach utilizing widely-used tools to enable such an evaluation without extensive effort. This is illustrated with a pilot study where the data from six industrial projects from a single organization were analyzed and three metrics regarding the requirement quality, rework effort, and testing were used to demonstrate the impact of different RE techniques. We also discuss the factors that are important for enabling the broader adoption of the proposed approach.
HiPHET: A Hybrid Approach to Translate Code Mixed Language (Hinglish) to Pure Languages (Hindi and English)
Authors: Attri Shree Harsh , Prasad T.V. , Ramakrishna G.
Published: September 2020

Bilingual code mixed (hybrid) languages has become very popular in India as a result of the spread of Western technology in the form of the television, the Internet and social media. Due to this increase in usage of code-mixed languages in day-to-day communication, the need for maintaining the integrity of Indian languages has arisen. As a result of this need the tool named Hinglish to Pure Hindi and English Translator was developed. The tool translated in three ways, namely, Hinglish to Pure Hindi and Pure English, Pure Hindi to Pure English and vice versa. The tool has achieved accuracy of 91% in giving Hindi sentences as output and of 84% in giving English sentences as output, where the input sentences were in Hinglish. The tool has also been compared with another similar tool in the paper.
Knowledge Graphs Effectiveness in Neural Machine Translation Improvement
Authors: Ahmadnia Benyamin , Dorr Bonnie J. , Kordjamshidi Parisa
Published: September 2020

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems require a massive amount of Maintaining semantic relations between words during the translation process yields more accurate target-language output from Neural Machine Translation (NMT). Although difficult to achieve from training data alone, it is possible to leverage Knowledge Graphs (KGs) to retain source-language semantic relations in the corresponding target-language translation. The core idea is to use KG entity relations as embedding constraints to improve the mapping from source to target. This paper describes two embedding constraints, both of which employ Entity Linking (EL)---assigning a unique identity to entities---to associate words in training sentences with those in the KG: (1) a monolingual embedding constraint that supports an enhanced semantic representation of the source words through access to relations between entities in a KG; and (2) a bilingual embedding constraint that forces entity relations in the source-language to be carried over to the corresponding entities in the target-language translation. The method is evaluated for English-Spanish translation exploiting Freebase as a source of knowledge. Our experimental results show that exploiting KG information not only decreases the number of unknown words in the translation but also improves translation quality.
Linear computational cost implicit solver for elliptic problems
Authors: Gurgul Grzegorz , Los Marcin , Paszynski Maciej , Calo Victor
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we use the alternating direction method for isogeometric finite elements to simulate implicit dynamics. Namely, we focus on a parabolic problem and use B-spline basis functions in space and an implicit marching method to fully discretize the problem. We introduce intermediate time steps and separate our differential operator into a summation of the blocks, acting along a particular coordinate axis in the intermediate time steps. We show that the resulting stiffness matrix can be represented as a multiplication of two (in 2D) or three (in 3D) multi-diagonal matrices, each one with B-spline basis functions along the particular axis of the spatial system of coordinates. As a result of this algebraic transformations, we get a system of linear equations that can be factorized in linear $O(N)$ computational cost in every time step of the implicit method. We use our method to simulate the heat transfer problem. We demonstrate theoretically and verify numerically that our implicit method is unconditionally stable for heat transfer problems (i.e., parabolic). We conclude our presentation with a discussion on the limitations of the method.
Construction of biochemical computer models
Authors: Garfinkel David
Published: July 2002

This paper described methods for constructing (digital) computer models of biochemical systems when the main object is to investigate the system itself, and not to fit experimental data (e.g., from tracer kinetics) to a set of equations. The author describes model‐building as an art which is difficult to communicate, but nevertheless gives valuable tips on the conceptual and practical aspects, from his own considerable experience.
Formation of initiation complex with λmRNA in vitro
Authors: Becarevic Aleksandar
Published: July 2002

The product from the in vitro transcription of native λDNA by purified E. coli RNA polymerase does not stimulate total amino acid incorporation although it can program ribosomes for the first peptide bond synthesis in the presence of the three initiation factor A, B and C.
Activite succino‐deshydrogenasique des microsomes et mode d'incorporation du succinate 2,3‐14C dans les acides gras des microsomes de foie de rat in vitro
Authors: Rous Simonne , Aubry Lydia , Bonini François
Published: July 2002

The incorporations of 2,3‐14C‐succinate 2‐14C‐acetate into fatty acids of different cellular fractions of rat liver were studied. Acetate was incorporated mainly into supernatant and succinate into microsomal fatty acids. Mitochondria only could intensively decarboxylate pyruvate. Avidine inhibited fatty acid synthesis from succinate mainly in the supernatant. It is suggested that succinate is an important physiological precursor of fatty acids in the liver and that an active succino‐dehydrogenase is present in microsomes.
Fettsäuremuster im pflanzlichen Acyl‐Steringlycosid
Authors: Eichenberger W. , Grob E.C.
Published: July 2002

Fatty acids of acyl steryl glycoside (acyl SG) of different plants producing both green and photosynthetically inactive tissue have been analyzed. The major components are in all cases 16:0, 18:2 and 18:3 acids. The fatty acid composition of acyl SG of green parts is very similar to that of etiolated, pale or storage tissue of the same plant. Generally the degree of saturation of acyl SG is higher than that of the corresponding total lipid. Acyl SG tends to be more saturated in green parts than in colorless tissues of the same plant. Conversely, total lipid of green tissue containing large amounts of galactolipids and 18:3 acid is much less saturated than that of photosynthetically inactive tissue. Though containing smaller amounts of 18:3, and in some cases unsaturated C16 acids, acyl SG does not reflect the drastic increase of these acids in the total lipid of green tissue. It is concluded that fatty acids of acyl SG originate mainly from an acyl donor other than chloroplast galactolipids.
Threonyl‐tRNA synthetase from yeast Aminoacylation of tRNA on its non‐accepting 3′‐terminal hydroxyl group and its behaviour in enzyme‐catalyzed deacylation
Authors: Igloi Gabor L. , Cramer Friedrich
Published: July 2002

Methods have been developed by which tRNAThr may be aminoacylated at the normally non–accepting 3’–terminal ribose OH. Two of the methods utilize the mischarging ability of the synthetases under special conditions of low salt concentration and presence of organic solvents. The third method demonstrates for the first time that for some synthetases the 2’,3’ specificity may be manipulated by use of similar special conditions. In the case of threonyl–tRNA synthetase, Thr–tRNAThr–C–C–A(3’d) has been synthesised by this method. The behaviour of threonyl esters of tRNAThr–C–C–A, tRNAThr–C–C–A(2’d) and tRNAThr–C–C–A(3’d) in the free enzyme–catalyzed deacylation has been studied and the results indicate that the cis diol functional group is necessary for this hydrolysis. The position on the terminal ribose from which the amino acid is removed in this reaction remains to be identified.
The α2 HS glycoprotein receptor on lymphocytes transformed by Epstein—Barr virus
Authors: Lewis J.G. , André C.M.
Published: July 2002

The α2HS glycoprotein receptor form lymphocytes transformed by Epstein—Barr Virus was isolated by affinity chromatography. The protein receptor has a monomer M
r of 48 000, which is similar to the Epstein—Barr virus‐determined nuclear antigen (EBNA), and pI = 7.2. Like EBNA the 48 000 M
r component in unfractionated labelled detergent solubilised cell supernatants also binds DNA. These results may suggest some similarity between the α2HS receptor and EBNA.
NADH oxidation in phospholipid‐enriched cytoplasmic membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli
Authors: Demant Erland J.F. , Jensen Poul K.
Published: July 2002

NADH oxidation in Escherichia coli cytoplasmic membrane vesicles enriched in anionic phospholipids by de novo synthesis of lipid in the vesicles from acyl‐CoA esters and sn‐glycerol 3‐phosphate has been studied. NADH‐oxidase but not NADH‐dehydrogenase activity was found to decrease during synthesis and accumulation of phospholipid in the vesicles. Density gradient fractionation showed that NADH‐oxidase activity was reduced to ≈30% in vesicles with a 3–6‐fold increase in anionic phospholipid, whereas vesicles with a > 10‐fold increase in phospholipid had virtually no NADH oxidase activity.
Partial purification and characterization of the glucagon receptor
Authors: Horuk Richard , Wright David E.
Published: July 2002

Specific labeling of liver plasma membrane glucagon receptors has been achieved by the photoincorporation of a 125I‐labeled photoderivative of glucagon, N
E‐4‐azidophenylamidinoglucagon. Identification of glucagon receptors was facilitated by irradiating membranes in the presence of excess unlabeled glucagon. Isoelectric focusing of radioiodinated membrane proteins revealed one major band of glucagon displaceable material which had an isoelectric point of 5.85. When this material was isolated and run on SDS‐polyacrylamide gels a major labeled band of M
r 55 000 was obtained which had properties consistent with those of the glucagon receptor. These studies indicate that a purification of the glucagon receptor of > 700‐fold can be attained through the use of isoelectric focusing and SDS—polyacrylamide electrophoresis.
Purification and properties of α‐amino‐ϵ‐caprolactam racemase from Achromobacter obae
Authors: Ahmed Syed Ashrafuddin , Esaki Nobuyoshi , Soda Kenji
Published: July 2002

We have purified a unique enzyme, α‐amino‐ϵ‐caprolactam racemase 945‐fold from an extract of Achromobacter obae by Octyl—Sepharose CL‐4B and Thiopropyl—Sepharose 6B and some other chromatographies. The purified enzyme was found homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate—polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation. The enzyme has a monomeric structure with M
r ∼ 50 000 and a sedimentation coefficient (s
20,w) of 4.28 S. The enzyme contains pyridoxal 5'‐phosphate as a coenzyme. The pH optimum for the enzyme activity is ∼9.0. D‐ and L‐α‐amino‐ϵ‐caprolactams are the only substrates. The K
m values for the D‐ and L‐isomers are, 8 and 6 mM, respectively.
Archaebacterial elongation factor Tu insensitive to pulvomycin and kirromycin
Authors: Cammarano Piero , Teichner Angela , Chinali Gianni , Londei Paola , de Rosa Mario , Gambacorta Agata , Nicolaus Barbara
Published: July 2002

A spermine‐dependent, polyphenylalanine‐synthesizing cell‐free system having an optimum activity at 75–85°C, has been developed from the extremely thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Caldariella acidophila. The C. acidophila system is totally insensitive to the EF‐Tu targeted antibiotics pulvomycin (at 40°C) and kirromycin (at 47–72°C) contrary to control systems derived from both mesophilic (Escherichia coli) and thermoacidophilic (Bacillus acidocaldarius) eubacteria. The archaebacterial EF‐Tu‐equivalent factor is also immunologically unrelated to eubacterial EF‐Tu and does not cross react with antibodies against Escherichia coli EF‐Tu. The pulvomycin and kirromycin reactions thus provide new phyletic markers for archaebacterial ancestry.
Adriamycin‐dependent damage to deoxyribose: a reaction involving iron, hydroxyl and semiquinone free radicals
Authors: Gutteridge John M.C. , Toeg Daniel
Published: July 2002

Adriamycin under partially anaerobic conditions degrades deoxyribose with the release of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive products. This reaction is seen when electrons are transferred to adriamycin by xanthine oxidase or ferredoxin reductase to form the semiquinone free radical. Under the conditions described, damage to deoxyribose was inhibited by hydroxyl radicals scavengers, catalase and iron chelators. When the ratio of iron chelator to iron salt is varied both EDTA and diethylenetriamino penta‐acetic acid (DETAPAC) show stimulatory properties whereas desferrioxamine remains a potent inhibitor of all reaction.
Rapid, transient methylation of four proteins in aggregative amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum as a response to stimulation with cyclic AMP
Authors: van Waarde Aren
Published: July 2002

In Dictyostelium discoideum, extracellular cAMP induces chemotaxis and cell aggregation. Suspensions of cAMP‐sensitive cells are shown to respond to a 10−6M cAMP‐pulse with increased methylation of 4 proteins with app. M
r 110000, 46000, 28000 and 16000. The M
r 110000 and 28000 proteins show a triphasic response with maxima 15, 60 and 150–180s after stimulation. The responses of the M
r 46000 and 16000 proteins are monophasic, maxima being reached 3 and 15s after stimulation, respectively. Optimal responses of methylation are observed over 10−7−10−6M cAMP. The methylation reaction may be involved in the processing of the chemotactic signal.
The accuracy of poly(U) translation by different eukaryotic tRNAs
Authors: El'skaya A.V. , Soldatkin A.P.
Published: July 2002

In this work we present comparative data on rates of phenylalanine and leucine incorporation into the poly(U) dependent product of cell‐free translation by different eukaryotic tRNAs at high Mg2+ concentration. The frequency of translation errors has been found to depend upon the value of the tRNAPhe:tRNALeu ratio and the peculiarities of isoacceptor tRNAsLeu of different origin.
Liquid crystalline microphases of DNA molecules complexed with compounds of platinum(II)
Authors: Akimenko N. , Kleinwächter V. , Yevdokimov Yu.
Published: July 2002

The formation of liquid crystalline microphases (0.3 M NaClO4, and 120 and 170 mg PEG/ml) from low‐M
r DNA (salmon sperm) complexed with cis and trans dichlorodiamine‐platinum(II) was investigated. It was shown that the amplitude of the negative band in the CD spectrum, characteristic of a liquid crystalline microphase of DNA, decreased upon complexing with platinum compounds. It was estimated that the influence of cis Pt(II) on the optical properties of liquid crystalline microphase of DNA molecules strongly differed from the effect of trans Pt(II); the phenomenon did not depend on [PEG]. The reasons of the decrease of the negative band in the CD spectra of the DNA liquid crystalline microphases are discussed.
Provoked changes in cellular calcium controlled protein phosphorylation and activity of quinate:NAD+ oxidoreductase in carrot cells
Authors: Graziana Annick , Ranjeva Raoul , Boudet Alain M.
Published: July 2002

Quinate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity decreased when carrot cell‐suspension cultures were supplemented with the Ca2+‐ionophore, A‐23187 and EGTA. The protein phosphorylation pattern changed as judged by autoradiography. The loss in enzyme activity was correlated with the Ca2+ efflux. Addition of Ca2+ to protein extracts in combination with calmodulin or not had no effect. Initial quinate:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity was partially recovered only after preincubation with ATP‐Mg2+ and Ca2+. The reactivation was abolished by EGTA or fluphenazine. It is concluded that cellular Ca2+ controls the enzyme activity by affecting its degree of phosphorylation in vivo.
Characterization of hemoglobin from the lizard Uromastix hardwickii
Authors: Naqvi Sabira , Zaidi Zafar H. , von Bahr-Lindström Hedvig , Carlquist Mats , Jörnvall Hans
Published: July 2002

Hemoglobin from the tropic lizard Uromastix hardwickii was isolated. Chain separations were studied, and the whole carboxymethylated globin was cleaved with trypsin. Peptides were pre‐fractionated by exclusion chromatography and finally purified by reversed phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. Amino acid sequence analysis permitted ordering of peptides in α‐ and β‐chains by homology with known structures in other hemoglobins. Results show large structural variations (about 50% homology between Uromastix and viper α‐chains) and suggest chain heterogeneity with the presence of at least two types of both the α‐ and β‐chains in the preparations.
Inter‐alpha‐trypsin‐inhibitor (ITI): two distinct mRNAs in baboon liver argue for a discrete synthesis of ITI and ITI derivatives
Authors: Bourguignon J. , Vercaigne D. , Sesboüé R. , Martin J.P. , Salier J.P.
Published: July 2002

Human serum inter‐alpha‐trypsin‐inhibitor (ITI) has so far been assumed to be comprised of a single polypeptide chain which can undergo fragmentation, whereby inhibitory ITI derivatives are released into the blood stream. It contrast, the analysis of the baboon liver mRNA translation products showed that ITI is made up of heavy and light chain(s). The latter may be excreted independently and very likely corresponds to the so‐called ITI derivatives.
Resonance Raman spectroscopy of Azotobacter vinelandii ferredoxin I
Authors: Lutz Marc , Moulis Jean-Marc , Meyer Jacques
Published: July 2002

Low temperature resonance Raman spectra have been obtained for Clostridium pasteurianum and Bacillus stearothermophilus ferredoxins. Several heretofore undetected fundamental bands have been observed and these data have been used to discriminate the vibrational contribution of the [3Fe‐3S] cluster to the spectrum of Azotobacter vinelandii ferredoxin I. The vibrational features of the [3Fe‐3S] core distinguish it from other 3‐iron clusters and imply structural differences among this class of iron‐sulfur clusters.
Regulation of human placental deoxyguanosine kinase by nucleotides
Authors: Yamada Yasukazu , Goto Haruko , Ogasawara Nobuaki
Published: July 2002

The activity of deoxyguanosine kinase purified from human placenta was regulated by various nucleotides. dTTP, an activator, only increased the V
max value of the enzyme. The feedback inhibition by dGTP, dGDP and dGMP were competitive with respect to deoxyguanosine. Both the activation by dTTP and the inhibition by dGTP were reversible.
Potentiating effect of heparin in the activation of procollagenase by a low‐Mr angiogenesis factor
Authors: Weiss Jacqueline B. , Hill C.R. , McLaughlin B. , Elstow S.
Published: July 2002

A low‐M
r freely dialysable endothelial cell‐stimulating angiogenesis factor (ESAF) from conditioned medium of a mouse lymphoma cell line has previously been shown to activate latent skin fibroblast procollagenase. Activation comparable with the maximum that can be achieved with trypsin is obtained with chemically undetectable amounts of the factor. We now show that when even smaller amounts of ESAF are used heparin is able to potentiate its action in this system. The relationship between this activity and the mechanism of angiogenesis, which is itself potentiated by heparin, is discussed.