bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of the quality of anticoagulation on the risk of stroke, thrombotic events, hemorrhagic events, and death in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation on acenocoumarol in Real-World Data
Authors: Fernández-Pérez Mónica , Pereda Ángel , Pisón Carlos , Ibarrondo Oliver , Mar Javier
Published: September 2024

Background Monitoring and strict control of anticoagulation therapy reduces the risk of thromboembolic or hemorrhagic events. The objective of this research was to explore the association of the quality of anticoagulation control with the occurrence of stroke, thrombotic or hemorrhagic events, or death during follow-up in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) on vitamin K antagonists. Methods A retrospective and observational study was carried out in clinical practice (real world data). Data were collected on age, sex, income level, occupational status, ischemic stroke, thrombotic and hemorrhagic events, death, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Time in therapeutic range (TTR) was measured using TAONet software and TTR ≥60% was considered indicative of good anticoagulation control. Survival analysis was carried out using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models to compare time-to-event by quality of anticoagulation control. Determinants of anticoagulation quality were identified using logistic regression. Results Of 856 patients recruited, only 286 (33%) had a TTR ≥60%. Cox models including sociodemographic and clinical variables showed that the risk of all four events was much higher in the subsample with TTR <60% and the differences were statistically significant. Specifically, the hazard ratios (HRs) for this group were 1.94 (confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-3.30) for stroke, 1.60 (CI: 1.10-2.33) for thrombotic events, 1.61 (CI: 1.08-2.42) for hemorrhagic events and 2.97 (CIs: 1.86-4.75) for death. Conclusions The positive conclusion of the study was the markedly lower rate of events associated with TTR ≥60% and the negative conclusion was the low percentage of patients achieving good anticoagulation control. This implies that despite being “protected”, they continue to have a high risk of stroke, embolism, hemorrhagic complications and death. We believe it is necessary to develop and implement strategies to tackle this problem.
Effect of Human Platelet-Rich Fibrin Lysate on Collagen Type I, Collagen Type III, and Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 : A Protocol Study on Rat Models with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Saputra Akbar Novan Dwi , Rizal Dicky Moch , Septiyorini Nandia , Rahman Muhammad Nurhadi , Wirohadidjojo Yohanes Widodo , Sari Dwi cahyani Ratna , Sasotya Raden Mas Sonny
Published: September 2024

Background Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a prevalent condition caused by weakened pelvic floor support structures. Extracellular matrix alterations, including changes in collagen type I, collagen type III, and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), contribute to the pathogenesis of this condition. Human platelet-rich fibrin lysate (hPRF-L) is a novel regenerative treatment that has shown beneficial results in treating structural weaknesses related to various pelvic floor diseases, including POP. Methods This study protocol aims to investigate the effects of hPRF-L injection on collagen I, III, and MMP-1 in the vaginal mucosa of a rat POP model. POP will be induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats, which will be randomly assigned to control, sham, and hPRF-L treatment groups. The hPRF-L group will receive weekly injections of hPRF-L (25, 50, or 75 μL) into the vaginal mucosa for 4 weeks. Vaginal tissue samples will be collected, and collagen type I, collagen type III, and MMP-1 expression will be evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses. Data analysis will be performed with ANOVA and post-hoc tests. Discussion The findings from this study protocol are expected to provide valuable insights into the mechanisms by which hPRF-L impacts the structural integrity of the pelvic floor. By elucidating these mechanisms, this study aims to inform future POP treatment strategies. The anticipated results are an increase in collagen type I and III expression and a reduction in MMP-1 levels in the hPRF-L treatment group compared to the control and sham groups. These outcomes could support the use of hPRF-L as a regenerative therapy for managing POP, offering a potential alternative to more invasive surgical interventions. Conclusion The expected results will contribute to the development of less invasive treatments for POP, improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
“The patients first and foremost” collaborative practice in the Australian healthcare system.
Authors: Meiklejohn Sarah , Cardiff Lynda , Clark Bronwyn , Jolly Brian , Maundu Josephine , Walters Theanne , Wilkinson Glenys , Kent Fiona
Published: September 2024

Background Collaborative patient centred practice is an expectation of the Australian healthcare system, yet there is not a clear understanding of what this entails. The aim of this research was to describe collaborative practice, as understood within the context of the Australian health system. Methods Nineteen focus groups were conducted in 2022 with 84 participants consisting of education providers (n=62), consumers (n=10), representatives from the Health Profession’s Education Standing Group (n=8), and health service practitioners (n=4). Framework analysis was undertaken to understand facilitators of, and barriers to, collaborative practice and learning within the Australian education and healthcare systems. Results Participants were asked to describe examples of effective collaborative practice, what they would expect to experience, and examples of when collaborative practice did not occur and the associated outcomes. Participants from all groups emphasised the importance of elevating the patient voice within a patient centred collaborative healthcare team. Patients, family and carers needed to be positioned as central team members within a collaborative healthcare team. Power and hierarchy within the healthcare team impacted on the ability to deliver collaborative practice. Conclusions By positioning the patient and their family and carers as members of the team, shared goals for optimal patient outcomes were experienced. By contrast when collaborative practice did not occur, or patients were omitted as central team members, poor communication and disjointed healthcare was described, leaving patients feeling disempowered and disengaged.
Impact of Postoperative Chemotherapy on Survival in Patients with Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Study Based on the SEER Database
Authors: Chen YuShan , Zheng ShuiShun , Zheng ShunYong , Lin Hong , Wei LiZhen , Chen ShaoQiang
Published: September 2024

Aims/Background We aimed to investigate the impact of postoperative chemotherapy (POCT) on survival in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

Methods This study included 786 PCNSL patients, of which 605 received chemotherapy after surgery, and 181 did not. Data from the SEER registry database (2007–2020) were used to analyze PCNSL. Baseline information, including age, sex, race, marital status, primary tumour site, histological type, summary stage, surgical procedures, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, was analyzed. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) (1:1) was employed to balance the effects of confounding variables between the two groups. Subsequently, Cox regression and bidirectional stepwise regression were used to identify independent prognostic factors. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival curves were constructed to assess the impact of POCT on patient prognosis. Additionally, two cases of PCNSL with typical magnetic resonance imaging appearances were presented.

Results Multivariate Cox regression results revealed that age older than 60 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.786; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.272–2.509; p = 0.001) and absence of POCT (HR = 2.841; 95% CI: 2.159–3.738; p < 0.001) were independent prognostic risk factors, while primary tumour locations in the meninges (HR = 0.136; 95% CI: 0.032–0.569; p = 0.006) and other nervous system regions (HR = 0.552; 95% CI: 0.326–0.936; p = 0.027), as well as histological morphologies such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (HR = 0.233; 95% CI: 0.128–0.425; p < 0.001) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (HR = 0.559; 95% CI: 0.356–0.876; p = 0.011), were associated with favourable patient outcomes. K-M curves demonstrated that the group undergoing POCT had a significantly more favourable prognosis compared to the non-POCT group, before (HR = 0.454; 95% CI: 0.343–0.600; p < 0.0001) or after PSM (HR = 0.580; 95% CI: 0.431–0.780; p < 0.0001). For patients with PCNSL, those with tumours located in the infratentorial region (HR = 0.231; 95% CI: 0.078–0.682; p = 0.046), supratentorial region (HR = 0.250; 95% CI: 0.163–0.383; p < 0.0001), overlapping brain regions (HR = 0.201; 95% CI: 0.056–0.727; p = 0.0058), and those who underwent biopsy (HR = 0.740; 95% CI: 0.463–1.182; p = 0.003), subtotal resection (STR) (HR = 0.490; 95% CI: 0.265–0.906; p = 0.0064), or gross total resection (GTR) (HR = 0.613; 95% CI: 0.292–1.287; p = 0.0003) had better prognoses in the postoperative chemotherapy group compared to the non-chemotherapy group.

Conclusion POCT significantly improves the prognosis of PCNSL patients and identifies the characteristics of the benefiting population. This information aids clinical practitioners in designing personalized treatment plans for individuals and advancing precise treatment.
Engaging suppliers in a sustainability strategy
Authors: Yates Mark
Published: September 2024

Mark Yates takes an in-depth look at how Specsavers is collaborating with suppliers to deliver its sustainability ambitions
Look into the future
Authors: Bennett Chris
Published: September 2024

Chris Bennett catches up with Kishan Devraj the winner of the Clinical Leader of the Future Award sponsored by Specsavers
Keys to successful practice management 2
Authors: Samuel David
Published: September 2024

In the second article of his series on practice management, David Samuel considers how to create competitive advantage
CPD: Artificial intelligence 5
Authors: Heitmar Rebekka
Published: September 2024

In a continuation of our series on artificial intelligence, Dr Rebekka Heitmar considers how the power of AI can be harnessed by clinicians when interpreting fundus images
Scientific Periodicals, Numerical Inscriptions, and Indigenous Lifeworlds in Nineteenth-Century Southeast Asia
Authors: Fermanis Porscha
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Focusing on scientific periodicals produced in nineteenth-century Southeast Asia, this article considers the representational significance of numerical inscriptions in ethnographic accounts of the Orang Asli of Malaysia: first, in fostering comparative analyses of Indigenous peoples across various transcolonial sites; second, in schematizing raw data into diagrams, tables, and other immutable mobiles that could move between regional and metropolitan centres; and third, in shaping a bifurcation between modern subjects inhabiting meaningful lifeworlds and premodern subjects who could be objectified, abstracted, or reduced to numerical demonstration. In each case, the article considers the important intermedial role of periodicals in circulating numerical inscriptions and, thus, enabling a turn from context-driven accounts of Indigenous peoples to an emphasis on numerical stand-ins detached from particular locations and material conditions.
4-Gbps low-latency FPGA-based underwater wireless optical communication
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Fei Chao , Wang Yuan , Du Ji , Xie Yitong , Zhang Fei , Tian Jiahan , Zhang Guowu , Wang Gaoxuan , Hong Xiaojian , He Sailing
Published: September 2024

In this paper, a high-speed and real-time underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is designed and demonstrated using the field programmable gate array (FPGA) with a miniaturized demo board designed and made by ourselves. Through the parallel signal processing mode (i.e., our self-designed 8-path parallel radix-22 FFT/IFFT module) and the utilization of cyclic suffix (CS) instead of cyclic prefix (CP), the throughput and delay of the digital signal processing (DSP) are improved. Moreover, a low-complexity pilot-aided clock synchronization (PAS) scheme is proposed to solve the transmission errors induced by the frequency offset between the transmitter and receiver. The implementation details, as well as the analysis of resource utilization and latency, are presented. The feasibility and effectiveness of the designed real-time FPGA-based UWOC system in different turbidity waters is experimentally demonstrated. The results show that the proposed PAS scheme greatly reduces the bit error rate (BER) when the frequency offset is within ∼1.57 ppm. Furthermore, 16.3-m/ 2-Gbps and 14.1-m/ 4-Gbps real-time underwater transmission are successfully achieved, which to the best of our knowledge, is the highest data rate in real-time UWOC systems that has ever been reported, and the overall latency of the UWOC system is as low as 0.92 µs. The designed high-speed real-time UWOC system foresees a bright future in underwater applications over short to moderate distances.
Forward design method for the design of panda polarization-maintaining few-mode optical fiber based on artificial neural network
Authors: Hu Junling , Li Hongwei , Chen Hailiang , Zhang Sa , Shi Ruyue , Li Yuxin , Cai Meiyu , Li Shuguang
Published: September 2024

Panda polarization-maintaining few-mode optical fiber (PPMFMOF) has important research significance in the short distance optical transmission field owing to its advantages of weak nonlinear effects, which is benefit to reduce the use of digital signal processing equipment. Designing a high-performance PPMFMOF quickly and efficiently is expected and yet challenging. In this article, we demonstrated a forward design method for the design of PPMFMOF based on artificial neural network (ANN) to solve the problems of inefficient and time-consuming PPMFMOF design in traditional design method. By studying the influence of different ANN models on the fiber performance, the approximate range of the optimal value was obtained in advance, then the minimum effective refractive index difference (Δneff,min) between adjacent LP modes was used as the optimization object, finally design of PPMFMOF supporting 10 LP modes in C + L band was successfully realized. This method provided low time-consuming, high-efficiency and high-accuracy for the fast design of PPMFMOF and the maximum mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the ANN model to predict the effective refractive index (neff) of 10 LP modes is only 3.2211 × 10−7. We believe that the proposed method could also be quickly and accurately applied to other functional optical fiber designs.
Multi-beam solid-state LiDAR using star-coupler-based optical phased arrays
Authors: DeSantis Daniel M. , Mazur Benjamin M. , Notaros Milica , Notaros Jelena
Published: September 2024

Solid-state light-detection-and-ranging (LiDAR) sensors based on integrated optical phased arrays (OPAs) have shown significant promise to reduce the cost, size, weight, and power consumption associated with LiDAR for autonomous systems. However, these OPA-based LiDAR systems typically operate by rastering a single beam, generating point clouds that constitute a significant amount of data and computational burden in the process. In this paper, we develop and experimentally demonstrate a novel multi-beam solid-state OPA-based LiDAR system capable of detecting and ranging multiple targets simultaneously, passively, and without rastering. Specifically, we develop the devices, subsystems, and system architectures to realize a solid-state frequency-modulated-continuous-wave (FMCW) LiDAR system that leverages a discrete-Fourier-transform star-coupler-based OPA as a receiver and a multi-beam splitter-tree-based OPA as a transmitter. Using this multi-beam LiDAR system, we demonstrate the simultaneous detection and ranging of two targets at two different cross-range positions without rastering. Through this work, we demonstrate a new spatially-adaptive sensing modality for solid-state LiDAR that enables improved spatial awareness and promises to reduce the data deluge associated with LiDAR in autonomous systems.
Simulation study of flexible wavefront shaping in Smith-Purcell radiation with aperiodic metagratings
Authors: Xiong Xiang , Zhang Baohui , Peng Ruwen , Wang Mu
Published: September 2024

Smith-Purcell radiation (SPR) is a versatile platform for finely tuning nanoscale light across a broad spectral range. This study introduces a theoretical approach for shaping SPR wavefronts using aperiodic metagratings (AMGs). The AMGs consist of arrays of identical metal nano-rods (MNRs), with each MNR's spatial position precisely adjustable. This precise adjustment allows for effective modulation of the spatial phase distribution of SPR. To demonstrate the efficacy of this method, we conduct simulations to achieve diverse wavefront profiles of focusing, deflection, Bessel beams, and Airy beams. Additionally, our approach allows for integrating multiple SPR wavefront functionalities within a combo AMG. By employing the asymmetric L-shaped meta-atom design, we achieve simultaneous SPR polarization conversion and wavefront shaping. This method is promising for developing highly adaptable and multifunctional nanoscale light sources.
Astigmatic thermal lensing due to surface bulging in Yb:KYW laser crystals
Authors: Bieringer Malte , Weitenberg Johannes , Udem Thomas , Ozawa Akira
Published: September 2024

One of the sources of thermal lensing in crystals is surface bulging that results from an inhomogeneous temperature distribution. We investigate a thermal lens caused by surface bulging in an end-pumped Yb:KYW crystal, which serves as a gain medium in lasers and optical amplifiers. The surface profile of the pumped crystal is measured using a Fizeau-type interferometer and compared with a numerical simulation using a finite element method. The study reveals that due to anisotropic thermal expansion, the surface shape of the Yb:KYW crystal is anisotropic and the profile of the expansion is transversely displaced with respect to the pump beam profile which generates the temperature distribution. The observed surface bulging gives rise to aberrations and deflection of the transmitted beam. It was found that the surface bulging introduces astigmatism that is significantly larger than previously estimated [Appl. Opt. 56, 3857 (2017)10.1364/AO.56.003857]. Our results allow the evaluation of the bulging contribution with improved accuracy. We show that these effects can be significant in certain designs of amplifiers and lasers.
Insights into muscle metabolic energetics: Modelling muscle-tendon mechanics and metabolic rates during walking across speeds
Authors: Luis Israel , Afschrift Maarten , De Groote Friedl , Gutierrez-Farewik Elena M.
Published: September 2024

The metabolic energy rate of individual muscles is impossible to measure without invasive procedures. Prior studies have produced models to predict metabolic rates based on experimental observations of isolated muscle contraction from various species. Such models can provide reliable predictions of metabolic rates in humans if muscle properties and control are accurately modeled. This study aimed to examine how muscle-tendon model individualization and metabolic energy models influenced estimation of muscle-tendon states and time-series metabolic rates, to evaluate the agreement with empirical data, and to provide predictions of the metabolic rate of muscle groups and gait phases across walking speeds. Three-dimensional musculoskeletal simulations with prescribed kinematics and dynamics were performed. An optimal control formulation was used to compute muscle-tendon states with four levels of individualization, ranging from a scaled generic model and muscle controls based on minimal activations, inclusion of calibrated muscle passive forces, personalization of Achilles and quadriceps tendon stiffnesses, to finally informing muscle controls with electromyography. We computed metabolic rates based on existing models. Simulations with calibrated passive forces and personalized tendon stiffness most accurately estimate muscle excitations and fiber lengths. Interestingly, the inclusion of electromyography did not improve our estimates. The whole-body average metabolic cost was better estimated with a subset of metabolic energy models. We estimated metabolic rate peaks near early stance, pre-swing, and initial swing at all walking speeds. Plantarflexors accounted for the highest cost among muscle groups at the preferred speed and were similar to the cost of hip adductors and abductors combined. Also, the swing phase accounted for slightly more than one-quarter of the total cost in a gait cycle, and its relative cost decreased with walking speed. Our prediction might inform the design of assistive devices and rehabilitation treatment. The code and experimental data are available online.
Theory-based and evidence-based nursing interventions for the prevention of ICU-acquired weakness in the intensive care unit: A systematic review
Authors: Xu Qin , Tan Jie , Wang Yixuan , Tang Manli
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To synthesise and map the evidence of a theory- and evidence-based nursing intervention for the prevention of ICU-acquired weakness and evaluate its effectiveness in terms of the incidence of ICU-acquired weakness, incidence of delirium, and length of hospital stay.

Methods

We searched PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Academic Search Complete, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library from database inception to November 2023. The eligible studies focused on critically ill patients in the intensive care unit, used a theory- and evidence-based nursing intervention, and reported the incidence of ICU-acquired weakness and/or used the Medical Research Council Scale. The methodological quality of the included studies was critically appraised by two authors using the appropriate Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool for randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and cohort studies. Additionally, the weighted kappa coefficient was used to assess inter-rater agreement of the quality assessment. Data were reported using a narrative synthesis. This systematic review was registered by the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO; CRD42023477011).

Results

A total of 5162 studies were initially retrieved, and 9 studies were eventually included after screening. This systematic review revealed that preventive nursing interventions for ICU-acquired weakness mainly include (a) physiotherapy, including neuromuscular electrical stimulation and early rehabilitation, and (b) nutritional support. In addition, (c) airway management, (d) sedation and analgesia management, (e) complication prevention (delirium, stress injury and deep vein thrombosis prevention), and (f) psychological care were also provided. The theories are dominated by goal-oriented theories, and the evidence is mainly the ABCDE bundle in the included studies. The results show that theory- or evidence-based nursing interventions are effective in reducing the incidence of ICU-acquired weakness (or improving the Medical Research Council Scale scores), decreasing the incidence of delirium, shortening the length of hospital stay, and improving patients’ self-care and quality of life.

Conclusion

Theory- and evidence-based nursing interventions have good results in preventing ICU-acquired weakness in critically ill patients. Current nursing interventions favour a combination of multiple interventions rather than just a single intervention. Therefore, preventive measures for ICU-acquired weakness should be viewed as complex interventions and should be based on theory or evidence. This systematic review is based on a small number of trials. Thus, more high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed to draw definitive conclusions about the impact of theory- and evidence-based nursing interventions on the prevention of ICU-acquired weakness.
Chitosan/Arabic gum /ZnO bionanocomposite as a novel antibacterial agent
Authors: Safaei Mohsen , Salmani Mobarakeh Mohammad , Azizi Bahram , Shoohanizad Ehsan , Wong Ling Shing , Nikkerdar Nafiseh
Published: September 2024

The synthesis conditions of chitosan/Arabic gum /zinc oxide nanocomposite were optimized using the Taguchi method to obtain antibacterial properties. FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, TEM, UV/VIS and TGA techniques were used to characterize the nanocomposite. Nanocomposite C3 (1 mg/mL chitosan, 4.5 mg/mL Arabic gum and 8 mg/mL zinc oxide), C7 (3 mg/mL chitosan, 5.1 mg/mL Arabic gum and 8 mg/mL zinc oxide) and C9 (3 mg/mL chitosan, 4.5 mg/mL Arabic gum and 4 mg/mL zinc oxide) had the best antibacterial properties against S. mutans. TGA showed that ZnO improved the thermal stability of the nanocomposite. Such materials can be used as antibacterial agents.
Muhammadiyah dalam Bingkai Pendidikan Humanis ( Tinjauan Psikologi Humanistik)
Authors: Nadlifah Nadlifah
Published: September 2024

Muhammadiyah adalah organisasi sosial keagamaan yang lahir pada tahun 1912 dan dipelopori oleh KH. Ahmad Dahlan di Kauman Yogyakarta yang merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam menjawab persoalan multidimensi umat Islam dan bangsa Indonesia pada waktu itu. Kelahiran Muhammadiyah merupakan bagian dari daya kreatif umat Islam Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, sejarah perkembangan Muhammadiyah adalah dinamika dan mekanisme hubungan daya kreatif intelek manusia muslim dan berbagai persoalan hidupnya dengan norma ajaran Islam.Gerakan pembaruan Muhammadiyah dalam bidang pendidikan adalah dengan menggunakan pola pendidikan nasional yang memberikan potret sebagai organisasi yang inklusif dan progresif dengan tidak melupakan maksud dan tujuan serta identitas yang prinsipil dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan Muhammadiyah. Inti dari Psikologi Humanistik adalah pengakuan dan penghargaan kepada harkat dan martabat manusia secara menyeluruh. Aliran ini mengakui eksistensi manusia yang memiliki potensi, bakat, kreativitas, kemerdekaan yang semuanya ini menjadi pembeda dengan makhluk lain. Nilai-nilai dasariyah manusia ini akan berimplikasi pada pendidikan. Pelaksanaan pendidikan setidaknya harus mampu mengakomodir segala nilai-nilai kemanusiaan tersebut.
Jan Bouzek bádající, vyučující a inspirující (1935–2020)
Authors: Titz Pavel
Published: September 2024

V úterý 3. listopadu v brzkých ranních hodinách navždy odešel ve svých 85 letech prof. PhDr. Jan Bouzek, DrSc. Ačkoliv byl svým veřejným působením znám především jako klasický archeolog s niterným zájmem o archeologii raného Řecka, Etrusků a Thráků, mnoho studií věnoval i prehistorické středoevropské a římsko-provinciální archeologii a antickým tradicím v českém umění. Mnozí jeho přátelé a známí v jeho práci i životě též silně vnímali jeho neustálý oborový přesah do filozofie a antropologie. Osobnost Jana Bouzka je bytostně spjata především s jeho více než padesátiletým působením na Ústavu pro klasickou archeologii Filosofické fakulty Univerzity Karlovy. S pro něj tak charakteristickým nasazením však pedagogicky působil také na Fakultě humanitních studií téže univerzity a své studenty nalezl také na Masarykově univerzitě v Brně a na Univerzitě Komenského v Bratislavě. Profesně též dlouhá léta odborně působil v Národním muzeu, kde se věnoval péči o antickou sbírku.
Dívčí válka s ideologií. Libora Oates-Indruchová (ed.)
Authors: Bystřický Jiří
Published: September 2024

A review of the book by Libora Oates-Indruchová.
Helena Epsteinová: Nalezená minulost.
Authors: Starostová Olga
Published: September 2024

A review of the book by Helena Epsteinová.
Identita etnických spoločenstiev. Výsledky etnologických výskumov. ...... (ed.)
Authors: Procházková Lucie
Published: September 2024

A review of the book.
Estrogen‐dependent gene regulation: Molecular basis of TIMP‐1 as a sex‐specific biomarker for acute lung injury
Authors: Almuntashiri Sultan , Dutta Saugata , Zhu Yin , Gamare Siddhika , Ramírez Gustavo , Irineo‐Moreno Valeria , Camarena Angel , Regino Nora , Campero Paloma , Hernández‐Cardenas Carmen M. , Rodriguez‐ Reyna Tatiana S. , Zuñiga Joaquin , Owen Caroline A. , Wang Xiaoyun , Zhang Duo
Published: September 2024

Increased circulating tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1) levels have been observed in patients with acute lung injury (ALI). However, the sex‐specific regulation of TIMP‐1 and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been well elucidated. In this study, we found that plasma TIMP‐1 levels were significantly higher in COVID‐19 and H1N1 patients compared with those in healthy subjects (n = 25). TIMP‐1 concentrations were significantly different between males and females in each disease group. Among female but not male patients, TIMP‐1 levels significantly correlated with the PaO2/FiO2 ratio and hospital length of stay. Using the mouse model of ALI induced by the H1N1 virus, we found that TIMP‐1 is strikingly induced in PDGFRα‐positive cells in the murine lungs. Moreover, female mice showed a higher Timp‐1 expression in the lungs on day 3 postinfection. Mechanistically, we observed that estrogen can upregulate TIMP‐1 expression in lung fibroblasts, not epithelial cells. In addition, overexpression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) increased the TIMP‐1 promoter activity. In summary, TIMP‐1 is an estrogen‐responsive gene, and its promoter activity is regulated by ERα. Circulating TIMP‐1 may serve as a sex‐specific marker, reflecting the severity and worst outcomes in female patients with SARS‐CoV2‐ and IAV‐related ALI.
Forest management approaches in Türkiye: understanding the past, evolving the future
Authors: Caliskan H. , Ozden S.
Published: September 2024

In the last 100 years, Türkiye has undergone various phases in forest management. This study systematically evaluated these stages in terms of future forest management, identifying reasons, outcomes, and areas for administrative enhancement relating to past decisions. Results indicate
a gradual shift in various forest management policies towards multifunctionality, considering criteria such as naturalness of tree species, machine operation and soil cultivation, but findings also highlight hurdles in ensuring the multifunctional utilization of forests. However, there is
a noteworthy trend towards improved integration of conservation and species composition. While accepting technical and technological advancements in forestry, these changes should be factored into future plans, highlighting a revision of conservation policies.
Solutions to the coupled Schrödinger systems with steep potential well and critical exponent
Authors: Lv Zongyan , Tang Zhongwei
Published: September 2024

In the present paper, we consider the coupled Schrödinger systems with critical exponent:

−
Δ

u

i

+

λ

V

i

(

x

)

+

a

i

u

i

=

∑

j
=
1

d

β

i
j

u

j

3

u

i

u

i

 
 in 

R

3

,

u

i

∈

H

1

(

R

N

)

,

i
=
1,2
,
…
,
d
,

$$\begin{cases}-{\Delta}{u}_{i}+\left(\lambda {V}_{i}\left(x\right)+{a}_{i}\right){u}_{i}=\sum _{j=1}^{d}{\beta }_{ij}{\left\vert {u}_{j}\right\vert }^{3}\left\vert {u}_{i}\right\vert {u}_{i}\quad \,\text{in}\,{\mathbb{R}}^{3},\quad \hfill \\ {u}_{i}\in {H}^{1}\left({\mathbb{R}}^{N}\right),\quad i=1,2,\dots ,d,\quad \hfill \end{cases}$$

where d ≥ 2, β

ii
> 0 for every i, β

ij
= β

ji
when i ≠ j, λ > 0 is a parameter and

0
≤

V

i

∈

L

loc 

∞

R

N

$0\le {V}_{i}\in {L}_{\text{loc\,}}^{\infty }\left({\mathbb{R}}^{N}\right)$

have a common bottom int 

V

i

−
1

(

0

)

${V}_{i}^{-1}\left(0\right)$

composed of

ℓ

0

ℓ

0

≥
1

${\ell }_{0}\left({\ell }_{0}\ge 1\right)$

connected components

Ω

k

k
=
1

ℓ

0

${\left\{{{\Omega}}_{k}\right\}}_{k=1}^{{\ell }_{0}}$

, where int 

V

i

−
1

(

0

)

${V}_{i}^{-1}\left(0\right)$

is the interior of the zero set

V

i

−
1

(

0

)

=

x
∈

R

N

∣

V

i

(

x

)

=
0

${V}_{i}^{-1}\left(0\right)=\left\{x\in {\mathbb{R}}^{N}\mid {V}_{i}\left(x\right)=0\right\}$

of V

i
. We study the existence of least energy positive solutions to this system which are trapped near the zero sets int 

V

i

−
1

(

0

)

${V}_{i}^{-1}\left(0\right)$

for λ > 0 large for weakly cooperative case

β

i
j

>
0

s
m
a
l
l

$\left({\beta }_{ij}{ >}0 \mathrm{s}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{l}\right)$

and for purely competitive case

β

i
j

≤
0

$\left({\beta }_{ij}\le 0\right)$

. Besides, when d = 2, we construct a one-bump fully nontrivial solution which is localised at one prescribed components

Ω

k

k
=
1

ℓ

${\left\{{{\Omega}}_{k}\right\}}_{k=1}^{\ell }$

for large λ.
Trigonometric integrals evaluated in terms of Riemann zeta and Dirichlet beta functions
Authors: Li Jing , Chu Wenchang
Published: September 2024

Three classes of trigonometric integrals involving an integer parameter are evaluated by the contour integration and the residue theorem. The resulting formulae are expressed in terms of Riemann zeta function and Dirichlet beta function. Several remarkable integral identities are presented.
Association of polymorphisms in FBN1, MYH11, and TGF-β signaling-related genes with susceptibility of sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection in the Zhejiang Han population
Authors: Yu Shasha , Huang Lujie , Ren Jianfei , Zhang Xiaoying
Published: September 2024

Background

Sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection (sTAAD) is a complicated vascular disease with a high mortality rate. And its genetic basis has not been fully explored.

Method

Here, 122 sTAAD patients and 98 healthy individuals were recruited, and 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms were selected and analyzed (FBN1 rs10519177, rs1036477, rs2118181, MYH11 rs115364997, rs117593370, TGFβ1 rs1800469, TGFβ2 rs900, TGFβR2 rs764522, rs1036095, and rs6785385). Moreover, multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate gene–environment interactions.

Results

We identified that TGFβR2 rs1036095 dominant model CC + CG genotype (GT) (P = 0.004) may be a factor of increased risk of sTAAD, especially for women. FBN1 rs1036477 recessive model AA GT (P = 0.009) and FBN1 rs2118181 dominant model CC + CT GT (P = 0.009) were correlated to an increased death rate in sTAAD men patients. Gene–environment interactions indicated TGFβR2 rs1036095 dominant model (CC + CG)/GG to be a higher-risk factor for sTAAD (odds ratio = 3.255; 95% confidence interval: 1.324–8.000, P = 0.01).

Conclusions

TGFβR2 rs1036095, FBN1 rs1036477, and FBN1 rs2118181 were identified as factors of increased risk of sTAAD. Gene–environment interactions were associated with the risk of sTAAD.
Dioscin protects against chronic prostatitis through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Long Yan , Ge Xiaodong , Ma Liangliang , Guo Junhua , Zhu Yong
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to elucidate the effects and potential mechanisms of dioscin on chronic prostatitis (CP) in vivo and in vitro. CP models were constructed in vivo and in vitro and treated with different concentrations of dioscin. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to investigate the morphology of the prostate tissues. The concentration of inflammatory factors in prostate tissues was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The release of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase was measured using detection kits. P69 cell proliferation was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide. Furthermore, the activity of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction or Western blot assay. Histopathological data suggested that dioscin exerted protective effects against prostate morphological changes. Dioscin inhibits inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress (OS) in prostate tissues in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, dioscin notably inhibited the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in CP rats. In vitro, dioscin remarkably reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced P69 proliferation, inflammation, OS, and TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, dioscin exerts a protective effect in CP by decreasing the inflammatory response and OS through the TLR4/NF-κB pathways. Our findings provide a novel latent therapy for dioscin for the treatment and prevention of CP.
Synthesis, rheology, cytotoxicity and antibacterial studies of N-acrolylglycine-acrylamide copolymer soft nano hydrogel
Authors: Yamala Anilkumar , Kurba Jai Shree , Kumar D. Sanjeev , Kanaparthi Ravi Kumar , Madikonda Ashok K.
Published: September 2024

Hydrogels possess excellent biological properties that make them ideal for biomedical applications. They are compatible with living cells and tissues because they can swell in the presence of water. In this study, we investigated the stability and biocompatibility of hydrogels. We synthesized and characterized N-acryl glycine (NAG) monomer and then synthesized its copolymer using the miniemulsion-polymerization technique, a soft-hydrogel method. To confirm the morphological properties of the dried hydrogel particles, we used the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) technique. We also investigated the rheological properties of the hydrogels for different concentrations to evaluate their mechanical strength and gel-like properties. Our findings indicated that the 10 % gel had superior strength and yield strain at all examined temperatures (30 °C, 37 °C, and 40 °C) compared to other concentrated gels. We systematically evaluated the biocompatibility of the hydrogel using three different cell lines: HEK 293T, RAW 264.7, and HeLa. Our cell line studies demonstrated that hydrogels are viable when exposed to a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. Moreover, cell proliferation was observed at concentrations below 0.25 mg/mL. The MTT assay and rheology results suggest that hydrogel characteristics are more suitable for various biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and tissue engineering.
Proteomics to Study Parchment Degradation – From Bulk to Spatial Analysis
Authors: Malissa Antonia , Cappa Federica , Schreiner Manfred , Marchetti-Deschmann Martina
Published: September 2024

Implementing biomolecular techniques in the study of written cultural heritage has led to a steady development of biocodicology and the study of DNA and proteins in parchment in the past years. In this context, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has gained increasing attention as a powerful tool to study the ancient writing support. With a particular focus on the main components of parchment – different types of collagens – proteomic applications of the technique are highlighted. The review summarises advances in biocodicological studies focusing on manufacturing aspects and conservation treatments. Herein we further investigated proteomic studies on animal skin to prove the potential of MALDI-MS imaging (MALD-MSI) to broaden our knowledge and take studies on damage assessment and degradation of parchment to another level.
The effect of addition of sodium hexadecyl sulfate on the performance properties of lauramidopropyl betaine
Authors: Chavan Akshaya Ravindra , Bhagwat Sunil S.
Published: September 2024

Palm fatty acid distillates can be used to produce fatty alcohol sulphates. The sodium hexadecyl sulphate (SHS) of the C16 fatty acid thus formed has a high Krafft point which limits its use in applications. Here we propose the use of C16 sulphate mixed with the amphoteric lauramidopropyl betaine (LAPB). The solubility of SHS in LAPB was determined and mixtures of the two were prepared to the extent of their solubility. The interfacial properties of the surfactant mixtures were investigated. The CMC of the surfactant mixtures was determined using dye solubilisation. The performance properties of the mixtures, such as foaming and viscosity, were analysed. It was concluded that the addition of even small amounts of SHS to LAPB causes a significant change in its CMC, although the performance properties of LAPB in terms of foaming and viscosity are maintained.
Reproductive health in trans and gender diverse patients: Transgender medicine: contextual trans gynecology
Authors: Trotsenburg Mick van
Published: September 2024

In brief

This manuscript aims to promote an understanding of the special needs of transgender and gender-diverse people by putting trans gynecology into context. By definition, medical interventions for transgender people are not different from the treatment of cisgender people but cannot be singled out as gender-affirmative treatment. Treatment is dedicated to an overarching goal beyond medicine, namely to enable and maintain social functioning under the signs of the social gender. It is therefore that this narrative overview intensively deals with the requirements of trans gynecology. Also, various gynecological disorders are touched upon, provided they are relevant to trans people. The different significance of gynecological symptoms for either trans men or trans women, and the effects of supraphysiological androgen treatment on hormone-sensitive tissue, are stressed.

Transgender health care is not just gender-affirmative transitional care but is committed to a superior objective, often beyond a medical perspective: to create and maintain physical conditions for social functioning under the signs of the individually appropriate sex and to contribute to significantly reducing gender dysphoria. For these purposes, it is a prerequisite to have a distinct contextual understanding of the complex reality of transpeople and knowledge about the numerous facets of transgender healthcare. Gynecology for transgender and gender-diverse people does not differ greatly from gynecology for cisgender female patients except in goals and context. Relief from complaints derived from genital organs is, of course important, but for transpeople there always is an overarching gender dimension that sometimes complicates treatment and might give rise to misunderstandings. Also, minority stress caused by societal factors frequently impacts the mental and physical state of health negatively and needs to be considered. This paper focuses on the context of trans gynecology and addresses various contentual aspects for both transmale patients having left genital organs in situ and transfemale patients with gynecological demands. Gynecological topics are addressed, highlighting their relevance for transgender and gender-diverse people (TGD), including the effects of supra-physiological androgen exposure on ovaries and uterus, vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain under testosterone treatment, screening policies, and benign gynecological disorders as clinical manifestations may appear differently and treatment may be more burdensome.
“Tenemos que luchar por policultivos, pero ahora de culturas y de pueblos, de realidades y de visiones de mundo."
Authors: Cerdas Vega Gerardo , Ulate Segura Mónica , Quirós Madrigal Kerlyn
Published: September 2024

Interview with Dr. Omar Felipe Giraldo, Associate Professor of the Departamento de Humanidades y Sistemas Sociales, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES Mérida), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM).
El mecenazgo corporativo y la independencia editorial en los medios digitales latinoamericanos. El caso de la Google News Initiative
Authors: Crespo Regina Aída , Guerra-González Jenny Teresita
Published: September 2024

This paper analyzes the way in which Latin American independent or alternative digital media manage the funding they need to survive in the Internet environment, without losing their political-ideological autonomy. Regarding these issues, the case of the nine media favored by the Google News Initiative (GNI), in its 2019 and 2021 calls, is used to show, through the documentary analysis method, the relationship between the ideology and the editorial policy of the media that applied to the program and the requirements set by the technology company that chose them. The objective of this paper is to inquire if the media whose projects rely on this type of corporate patronage are capable of holding and preserving their political-ideological line, by relating to financing agents who, it seems, intend to expand their influence based on new practices of the market or its own political-ideological agenda. In this sense, this paper demonstrates that asking for the support of big techs such as Google is an important strategy for the survival of alternative media. However, in this specific case, the company proposes and hopes that the financed media will move towards the construction of a financial structure capable of generating economic autonomy, with compliance with operating criteria, procedures and standardized goals that, after all, could transform news organizations into business platforms with a remarcable comercial trend.
Apuntes para una historia intelectual de la Fundación Friedrich Ebert en América Latina
Authors: Garategaray Martina
Published: September 2024

The promotion of democracy was from its origins one of the banners of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation (FES), ideologically linked to the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) and which disembarked in Latin America in the 1960s. It is this transnationalization that we are interested in exploring from the perspective of intellectual history (Altamirano, 2005, Palti, 2004-2005), breaking with a unidirectional idea of transfers and circulations, in order to understand the exchange and connections between regions, ideas and people. The article first focuses on explaining the particularity of the German Political Foundations and the functioning of the FES in Latin America and then goes on to explore three intellectual projects of the Foundation, such as the Latin American Institutes for Social Science Research (ILDIS), the Center for Democratic Studies of Latin America (CEDAL) and the New Society Journal (NUSO). Based on the premise that ideas are important insofar as they conveyed meanings and representations in the region, this paper seeks to map the little known but strong presence of the FES in Latin America during the Cold War years. And how it became an important platform capable of connecting people, ideas and regions. In this framework, the FES, and this is our bet, can be thought of as an intellectual network that, while participating in and promoting debates on development, dependence, anti-imperialism, revolution and democracy, was building a space for indigenous social democracy.
Sobre la construcción del socialismo como proyecto bolivariano en el pensamiento de Hugo Chávez
Authors: Güendell-Angulo Herman
Published: September 2024

We analyze the central theme of the construction of socialism in Venezuela as set forth in the written work of Commander Hugo Chávez Frías. We propose to understand that for him, socialism is not reduced to a political and social project, but by impacting the daily life and experiences of multiple people, it directs them to the realization of their right to a dignified life that opposes systematic denigration of the human being. It systematically operates in capitalism by imposing the value of money above that which corresponds to the person