bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building collaborative networks across disciplines: A review of polar educators international’s first five years
Authors: Roop Heidi A. , Wesche Gary , Azinhaga Patrícia F. , Trummel Betty , Xavier José C.
Published: March 2019

Polar Educators International (PEI) is a volunteer-based organization designed to build collaborative relationships between educators and polar researchers. Founded in 2012, PEI was created out of the networks formed during the International Polar Year 2007–2008. This paper explores PEI’s first five years (2012–17) of successes, challenges and opportunities that have led to the creation of an organization with over 1,500 members. Using a ‘level of participation’ framework for communities of practice, we examine the evolution of this educator-researcher network and focus on two key questions: 1) who has PEI reached and served over this time?, and 2) what are barriers to participation? Barriers include sustained engagement with researchers and establishing value within institutional frameworks that generally undervalue activities referred to as ‘education and outreach’ (EOC). EOC activities continue to be perceived as extra-curricular in both educator and researcher communities. Working to deepen collaboration with polar researchers and targeting a greater diversity of PEI’s membership to fill core leadership functions should be future areas of focus for PEI as it looks to continue to shape polar EOC. Advancing and enhancing polar EOC extends well beyond PEI and should be a priority for the broader polar science and education communities.
MATHEMATICS AND MAGIC: THEIST AND ATHEIST IDENTIFICATION WITH THE SPIRITUAL MUSIC OF KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSEN
Authors: Parsons Ian
Published: March 2019

Stockhausen's idiosyncratic spiritual beliefs, and the vigour with which he expressed them in his compositional processes, have sometimes been an obstacle to both musicians and audiences in engaging with his music. I explore the extent to which the ability to appreciate Stockhausen's music is predicated on a sympathy with his spiritual world view. I pose a broad view of Stockhausen's spirituality, not reliant on theism, through drawing on three key sources: the composer's own commentary on spirituality and its connections with his serialist compositional techniques; Rudolf Otto's notions of an intrinsically human awareness of ‘the holy’; and the connections of mathematics with human truth drawn by Alain Badiou. I argue that a broader understanding of Stockhausen's spirituality enables a pathway into his music that can be shared by both theists and atheists, and that this can produce a rich fodder for each in their curiosity about human place in the world.
Ultima 2018, Oslo
Authors: Hall Alec
Published: March 2019

Unfolding over ten days in September 2018, this year's edition of Ultima was centred on the theme of migration, with a focus on both music and people. In his preface to the festival programme, Thørbjorn Tønder Hansen, the new artistic director, writes, ‘The borders of contemporary music are happily eroding, and the scene is in constant flux’. Responding to the multiple pressures of asylum seekers in Europe, demographic inequities in the representation of artists and composers, and the growing collective sense that ‘New Music’ is on the cusp of some kind of significant re-orientation, Hansen and his curatorial team produced a significant accomplishment by bringing together such a varied selection of programming. The range of installations included symphonic work; multi-channel acousmatic pieces with live diffusion to performance pieces with new applications of technology; and experimental theatre pieces set inside the black box or at a rugged outdoor setting far beyond Oslo's city limits. Ultima tipped its cap to just about anything that could set foot within the expanded terrain of ‘music composition’ today.
Gwyn Pritchard at 70 The Warehouse, London
Authors: Auchterlonie Patricia
Published: March 2019

Gwyn Pritchard's music has a restless, pulsating energy that ebbs and flows within a precise framework. One is left with the impression of purposeful craft, which guides the ear with intention and sophistication. His works are complex and sometimes formidable, filled with detail and constructed with great precision.
Testimonial Exclusions and Religious Freedom in Early America
Authors: Campbell Jud
Published: March 2019

In the late eighteenth century, American law treated oath-taking as an invocation of divine vengeance for sworn falsehoods. Prospective witnesses who did not believe in God or hell were not allowed to testify. But this strict evidentiary rule survived only a few more decades. Gradually at first, and then with growing speed, the theological underpinnings of oath-taking eroded across the United States in the early nineteenth century. The story of this transition, only vaguely appreciated in the current literature, illuminates and weaves together several important strands of nineteenth-century social and legal history. The common-law rule, it turns out, came into escalating conflict with American religion, particularly after a liberal offshoot of Calvinism began rejecting the existence of hell. By prevailing founding-era standards, being unable to testify did not impede or punish the exercise of religion, allowing the rule to survive an initial volley of legal challenges. But as reform efforts mounted, a neutrality-based view of religious liberty and an egalitarian conception of civil privileges began to supplant the earlier constitutional settlement. By the mid-nineteenth century, evidence rules throughout the United States no longer required belief in hell, and almost half of the states allowed atheists to testify. This transition also prompted the first widespread rethinking of American evidence law, shifting its foundational principle from reliance on the inviolability of oaths to confidence in the jury's fact-finding capacity, and laying the groundwork for further liberalization in the 1850s and 1860s that allowed testimony from black witnesses and from interested parties. Moreover, the controversy about religion-based exclusions led to a new understanding that barring testimony from particular minority groups effectively denied those groups the protection of the law.
Crystal structure of calcium vanadate-phosphate fluoride
Authors: Dong Z. L. , White T. J.
Published: March 2019

Apatite-type materials AI4AII6(BO4)6X2 have two unique cations sites AI and AII, which can host large mono-, di- tri- and tetra-valent cations. The average cation radii will affect the twist angle and lattice constants. However, there are few reports on the influence of B site substitutions on the twist angle and lattice parameters. It is believed that the lattice constant variation as a function of B site substitutions may not follow the same twist-angle model as proposed for A site. This work reports our results on the crystal chemistry of synthetic apatite Ca10(VxP1−xO4)6F2 obtained through the crystal structure characterization using Rietveld refinement and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The quantification of vanadium/phosphorus partitioning in BO4 tetrahedra showed that equilibrium with more than 70% substitution of phosphorous by vanadium was difficult to achieve unless longer annealing (about 1 week at 900 °C) was employed. In comparison with the apatites with different ionic radii at AI and AII sites, Ca10(VxP1−xO4)6F2 apatites with different ionic radii at B site show little twist angle variation for the whole series, which indicates that the dilation of unit cell constants is mainly because of the expansions of BO4 tetrahedra when A site cation is fixed.
The seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in Belgium anno 2002 and 2006: a comparative analysis with hepatitis A virus seroprevalence
Authors: Smit G. S. A. , Abrams S. , Dorny P. , Speybroeck N. , Devleesschauwer B. , Hutse V. , Jansens H. , Theeten H. , Beutels P. , Hens N.
Published: March 2019

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is endemic worldwide but its seroprevalence varies widely. The goal of this study was to estimate the age-specific seroprevalence of CMV infection in Belgium based on two cross-sectional serological datasets from 2002 and 2006. The seroprevalence was estimated relying on diagnostic test results based on cut-off values pre-specified by the manufacturers of the tests as well as relying on mixture models applied to continuous pathogen-specific immunoglobulin G antibody titre concentrations. The age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV), based on three Belgian cross-sectional serological datasets from 1993, 2002 and 2006, was used as a comparator since individuals acquire lifelong immunity upon recovery, implying an increasing seroprevalence with age. The age group weighted overall CMV seroprevalence derived from the mixture model was 32% (95% confidence interval (CI) 31–34%) in 2002 and 31% (95% CI 30–32%) in 2006. We demonstrated that CMV epidemiology differs from the immunizing infection HAV. This was the first large-scale study of CMV and HAV serial datasets in Belgium, estimating seroprevalence specified by age and birth cohort.
Carbon processing by the benthic ecosystem and benthic C fixation in methane-rich sediments on the South Georgia margin
Authors: Woulds Clare , Bell James B. , Glover Adrian G. , Bouillon Steven , Brown Louise S.
Published: March 2019

As bottom water warms, destabilisation of gas hydrates may increase the extent of methane-rich sediments. The authors present an assessment of organic carbon processing by the benthic community in methane-rich sediments, including one of the first investigations of inorganic C fixation in a non-hydrothermal vent setting. This topic was previously poorly studied, and there is much need to fill the gaps in knowledge of such ecosystems. The authors hypothesized that benthic C fixation would occur, and that a high biomass macrofaunal community would play a substantial role in organic C cycling. Experiments were conducted at a 257 m deep site off South Georgia. Sediment cores were amended with13C and15N labelled algal detritus, or13C labelled bicarbonate solution. In the bicarbonate experiment, labelling of bacteria-specific phospholipid fatty acids provided direct evidence of benthic C fixation, with transfer of fixed C to macrofauna and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). In the algae experiment, macrofauna played an active role in organic carbon cycling. Compared to similar experiments, low temperature supressed the rates of community respiration and macrofaunal C uptake. While benthic C fixation occurred, the biological processing of organic carbon was dominantly controlled by low temperature and high photic zone productivity.
Complex life under the McMurdo Ice Shelf, and some speculations on food webs
Authors: Kim Stacy
Published: March 2019

Habitats under ice shelves are minimally explored, primarily because of technological limitations. These areas are separated from photosynthetic primary productivity by thick ice and distance to open water. Nevertheless, a diverse macrofaunal benthic community was discovered at 188 m depth, 80 km back from the edge of the McMurdo Ice Shelf. The general habitat was fine sediment with occasional dropstones, and dominant taxa were polychaetes and brittle stars, with alcyonacean soft corals and anemones on hard substrates. Gelatinous animals were abundant near the seafloor, and possibly part of a food web that supports the benthic community.
Catastrophic decline and subsequent conservation management of the Critically Endangered Fatu Hiva Monarch Pomarea whitneyi in the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia)
Authors: GHESTEMME THOMAS , MATOHI ARTHUR , BLANVILLAIN CAROLINE , PORTIER EMMANUELLE , BARH MADEN LE , O’BRIEN MARK
Published: March 2019

This paper documents the catastrophic decline of the ‘Critically Endangered’ Fatu Hiva Monarch Pomarea whitneyi since 2000 and presents population dynamics and conservation actions for the species between 2008 and 2017. The Fatu Hiva Monarch conservation programme has prevented the extinction of the species thus far. However, after an initial increase in the population size within the management area between 2008 and 2012, recruitment subsequently declined. Improvements in the method of trapping to control cats in 2016 and 2017 coincided with encouraging results in terms of juvenile monarch survival rates, although two adult birds disappeared during the same period. The initial hypothesis, that the population would recover once the main threat, black (or ship) rat Rates Rattus predation, was effectively controlled in the breeding territories, has not proved to be correct. An alternative hypothesis assumes that cat predation, mainly on young birds, is limiting monarch recovery. Control of feral cats has been undertaken since 2010, but the implementation of a new trapping method (leg-hold traps) combined with a significant increase in cat trapping effort, has coincided with an increase in the number of cats culled, as well as monarch post-fledging survival in 2016 and 2017. For the first time in the project, no mortality has been observed for monarch chicks, fledged juveniles or immature birds. If this alternative hypothesis holds, we would expect to recruit young birds into the monarch population in the next year or two. First, this will reduce the likelihood that the Fatu Hiva Monarch will become extinct and second, provide a source population to either repopulate the island following the eradication of rats and cats or to translocate birds to a rat and cat free island.
Promotion Letters: Current Problems and a Reform Proposal
Authors: Weyland Kurt
Published: March 2019

External referee letters can, in principle, provide essential inputs for tenure and promotion decisions. But scholars’ reluctance to prepare critical, not to speak of “negative” assessments has led to a skewed self-selection: Potential referees tend to accept the task only if they see a tenure or promotion case as worthy of support. The resulting overabundance of praise has devalued the content of referee reports; they are difficult to interpret and of limited use for distinguishing deserving from undeserving candidates. Maybe a simple reform can mitigate these problems: Departments should pay external referees a generous honorarium, perhaps up to $2,000 at well-endowed research universities. This substantial incentive will induce more scholars to provide these assessments, thus counterbalancing the current self-selection on candidate supportability. Moreover, a large honorarium clearly turns the commissioning department into the contractual “principal” of these assessments, leading referees to prepare more searching, balanced evaluations. The main criterion will be whether a promotion really improves the department’s academic quality and scholarly standing.
Abnormalities of striatal morphology in gambling disorder and at-risk gambling
Authors: Grant Jon E. , Isobe Masanori , Chamberlain Samuel R.
Published: March 2019

Objective

The clinical phenotype of gambling disorder (GD) is suggestive of changes in brain regions involved in reward and impulse suppression, notably the striatum. Studies have yet to characterize striatal morphology (shape) in GD and whether this may be a vulnerability marker.

Aims

To characterize the morphology of the striatum in those with disordered gambling (at-risk gambling and GD) versus controls.

Method

Individuals aged 18–29 years were classified a priori into those with some degree of GD symptoms (at-risk gambling and GD) or controls. Exclusion criteria were a current mental disorder (apart from GD), history of brain injury, or taking psychoactive medication within 6 weeks of enrollment. History of any substance use disorder was exclusionary. Participants completed an impulsivity questionnaire and structural brain scan. Group differences in volumes and morphology were characterized in subcortical regions of interest, focusing on the striatum.

Results

Thirty-two people with GD symptoms (14 at-risk and 18 GD participants) and 22 controls completed the study. GD symptoms were significantly associated with higher impulsivity and morphological alterations in the bilateral pallidum and left putamen. Localized contraction in the right pallidum strongly correlated with trait impulsivity in those with GD symptoms.

Conclusions

Morphologic abnormalities of the striatum appear to exist early in the disease trajectory from subsyndromal gambling to GD and thus constitute candidate biological vulnerability markers, which may reflect differences in brain development associated with trait impulsivity. Striatal morphology and associated impulsivity might predispose to a range of problematic repetitive behaviors.
Learning about Digital Trade: Privacy and E-Commerce in CETA and TPP
Authors: WOLFE ROBERT
Published: March 2019

It is a truth universally acknowledged that every ambitious twenty-first century trade agreement is in want of a chapter on electronic commerce. One of the most politically sensitive and technically challenging issues is personal privacy, including cross-border transfer of information by electronic means, use and location of computing facilities, and personal information protection. States are learning to solve the problem of state responsibility for something that does not respect their borders while still allowing twenty-first century commerce to develop. A comparison of the Canada–European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) allows us to see the evolution of the issues thought necessary for an e-commerce chapter, since both include Canada, and to see the differing priorities of the US and the EU, since they are each signatory to one of the agreements, but not of the other. I conclude by seeking generalizations about why we see a mix of aspirational and obligatory provisions in free trade agreements. I suggest that the reasons are that governments are learning how to work with each other in a new domain, and learning about the trade implications of these issues.
ACEs, Cultural Considerations and ‘Common Sense’ in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Joy Eileen , Beddoe Liz
Published: March 2019

The ACEs checklist is not yet widely used as a diagnostic tool within Aotearoa New Zealand child welfare services but its relatively low visibility at this point does not mean that some of the science behind this tool, and comparable tools and evidence, are not being used. This article will consider the ramifications of using this sort of tool within the cultural context of Aotearoa New Zealand, a country with a specific history of colonisation of Māori, and more recently a shifting demographic that has been influenced by successive waves of immigration of large numbers of Pacific Island and Asian families. This article will ask if the use of deceptively ‘common sense’ tools, like the ACEs checklist, can take into consideration structural factors such as racism, colonisation and poverty.
Composted manure and straw amendments in wheat of a rice–wheat rotation system alter weed richness and abundance
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Sun Yicheng , Li Yong , Sun Guojun , Yuan Fang , Han Min , Duan Yunhui , Ji Zhong , Zhu Rongsong , Shen Jiahe , Ran Wei
Published: March 2019

In a rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) rotation system, a study was conducted to determine the effects of different fertilization regimens (no fertilization, replacement of a portion of chemical fertilizer with composted pig manure, chemical fertilizer only, and straw return combined with chemical fertilizer) on the weed communities and wheat yields after 4 and 5 yr. The impact of the long-term recurrent fertilization regimen initiated in 2010 on the composition and diversity of weed communities and the impact of the components and total amount of fertilizer on wheat yields were assessed in 2014 and 2015. Totals of 19 and 16 weed species were identified in experimental wheat fields in 2014 and 2015, respectively, but the occurrence of weed species varied according to the fertilization regimen. American sloughgrass [Beckmannia syzigachne(Steud.) Fernald], water starwort [Myosoton aquaticum(L.) Moench], and lyrate hemistepta (Hemistepta lyrataBunge.) were adapted to all fertilization treatments and were the dominant weed species in the experimental wheat fields. The greatest number of weed species were observed under the no-fertilization treatment, in which 40% of the weed community was composed of broadleaf weeds and the lowest wheat yields were obtained. With fertilizer application, the number of weed species was reduced, the height of weeds increased significantly, the density of broadleaf weeds was significantly reduced, the biodiversity indices of weed communities decreased significantly, and higher wheat yields were obtained. Only the chemical fertilizer plus composted pig manure treatment and the chemical fertilizer–only treatment increased the density of grassy weeds and the total weed community density. The treatment with chemical fertilizer only also resulted in the highest density ofB. syzigachne. Rice straw return combined with chemical fertilizer yielded the lowest total weed density, which suggests that it inhibited occurrence of weeds. The different fertilizer regimens not only affected the weed species composition, distribution, and diversity, but also the weed density. Our study provides new information from a rice–wheat rotation system on the relationship between soil amendments and agricultural weed infestation.
Update diabetische Nephropathie
Authors: Venzin Reto Martin , Fehr Thomas
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die ersten Beschreibungen des Diabetes mellitus sind auf den Urin (honigsüsse Harnruhr) zurückzuführen. Die neueste Therapie mit dem SGLT-2-Inhibitor setzt dort an und führt additiv zu den bekannten Therapien der diabetischen Nephropathie zu einer besseren renalen Prognose. Die entscheidende Wirkung besteht in der Drosselung der glomerulären Hyperfiltration. Dies konnte bislang beim Typ-2-Diabetiker gezeigt werden. Ob weitere Nierenerkrankungen mit Hyperfiltration, auch unabhängig von einer Hyperglykämie, hiervon profitieren können, werden laufende Studien zeigen.
Röntgenkontrastmittel – zu Unrecht verteufelt?
Authors: Diebold Matthias , Kistler Andreas D.
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung. Seit ihrer ersten Beschreibung vor über einem halben Jahrhundert galt die Kontrastmittel-induzierte Nephropathie als eine der häufigsten Ursachen einer akuten Nierenschädigung und wurde als erhebliches vorzubeugendes Gesundheitsproblem angesehen. Neuere Daten lassen nun jedoch darauf schliessen, dass die Inzidenz der Kontrastmittel-induzierten Nephropathie deutlich überschätzt wurde und prophylaktische Massnahmen wie N-Acetylcystein, Bicarbonat oder eine standardisierte intravenöse Hydrierung weitgehend nutzlos sind. Tatsächlich hat die Angst vor einer Kontrastmittel-induzierten Nierenschädigung bei vielen Patienten wohl zum Vorenthalten indizierter Bildgebungen und Interventionen oder zu unnötigen und teils schädlichen prophylaktischen Massnahmen geführt und so wesentlich mehr geschadet als genützt.
Arteriosklerose und «Osteoporose» bei Niereninsuffizienz: same same, but different!
Authors: Harmacek Dusan , Arampatzis Spiros
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die vaskuläre Kalzifizierung sollte als ein dynamischer Prozess angesehen werden, der ähnliche Merkmale wie Knochenbildung aufweist. Obwohl wir erst am Anfang der Aufdeckung der zugrundeliegenden Pathophysiologie der Gefäss- und Knochenerkrankung bei Niereninsuffizienz stehen, sind beide Entitäten sehr eng miteinander verbunden und scheinen einen enormen Einfluss auf die kardiovaskuläre Morbidität und Mortalität zu haben. Die auch in der Allgemeinbevölkerung oft vorkommenden Gefäss- und Knochenerkrankungen, schreiten bei Patienten mit chronischer Nierenerkrankung (CKD) nicht nur beschleunigt fort, sondern unterliegen auch anderen pathophysiologischen Mechanismen und sollten deshalb auch anders therapiert werden. Vor allem beim Einsatz von „Standartmedikamenten“ wie Calcium-Supplementen und Bisphosphonaten sollte man bei CKD Patienten vorsichtig sein. Anderseits existieren aktuell noch keine gut belegten Therapieoptionen für die Gefäss- und Knochenerkrankung bei Niereninsuffizienz, die einen positiven Einfluss auf harte Endpunkte wie Gesamtmortalität oder Frakturreduktion haben.
Reply to Comment on “Nucleation of Mesospheric Cloud Particles: Sensitivities and Limits”
Authors: Wilms H. , Rapp M. , Kirsch A.
Published: March 2019

A comment by Megner (2019; M19) aims at resolving the discrepancies between the results of Megner (2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2010.08.006; M11) and Wilms et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JA021764; WRK16). M11 concluded that the observable properties of noctilucent clouds are close to insensitive to the concentration of meteoric smoke particles (MSPs), whereas WRK16 concluded that there is a sensitivity. M19 argues that the differences arise due to the different ranges of MSP number densities, which were analyzed in the two studies. Additionally, M19 claims that both studies show a limited sensitivity when the number density of condensation nuclei is 100 cm−3 or more. However, this is not confirmed in our simulations. We show that the range of MSP number densities in WRK16 is similar to the range considered by M11. In this range, the simulations of WRK16 are highly sensitive to the number of MSPs: Observable properties such as ice column mass are linearly related to the number of available condensation nuclei. We explain the different sensitivities by different vertical wind amplitudes. Our results suggest that the relative contribution of vertical wind and vertical diffusion to the vertical transport of mesospheric ice particles is the decisive factor. If vertical diffusion dominates, as in M11, there is only limited sensitivity. If vertical wind dominates, as in WRK16, noctilucent cloud properties are directly coupled to the nucleation conditions.
Modeling Splitting and Spalling of Columnar Ice Compressed Biaxially: The Role of Crack Nucleation
Authors: Kolari Kari
Published: March 2019

Columnar ice exhibits three failure modes under increasing lateral confinement across the columns: splitting, Coulombic shear faulting, and spalling. Modeling of the splitting‐to‐spalling transition under increasing confined compression is considered here. Shear faulting is not considered. A three‐dimensional crack nucleation model, based on a grain boundary sliding approach, is formulated to model brittle failure mechanisms under biaxial compression along and across the columns. The growth of the nucleated crack is based on the wing crack approach. The numerical results were in good agreement with experimental data for both across‐column and along‐column biaxial compression. The model shows that in columnar ice, crack nucleation preceded by sliding along tapered grain boundaries induces splitting‐to‐spalling transition under increasing confinement.
Reforecasting the Flooding of Florence of 4 November 1966 With Global and Regional Ensembles
Authors: Capecchi Valerio , Buizza Roberto
Published: March 2019

Providing skilful predictions of high‐impact weather up to 2 weeks ahead is on the agenda of international weather centers. Evaluating the capabilities of current numerical systems in predicting past events can bring extremely valuable contributions to the assessment of the information content available today with operational models. In the framework of the activities for the fiftieth anniversary of the extreme precipitation event that occurred in Italy in November 1966, this paper investigates its predictability using state‐of‐the‐art global and regional ensemble simulations. The first goal is to assess if and how many days in advance, this event can be predicted by current European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) global ensembles. A second goal is to evaluate the potential added value of running nested higher‐resolution and convection‐permitting ensembles. It is shown that ECMWF ensembles are able to provide valuable information up to 3 days before the event. Within this forecast range, convection‐permitting simulations can provide more accurate estimations of precipitation maxima. However, the results indicate also a strong underestimation of rainfall amounts with both global and regional models even at short forecast range. To partially explain this shortcoming, we discuss how the scarcity of observations available in 1966 for the analysis process limits the quality of the ensemble initial conditions and we adopt a method to obtain more reliable ensemble forecasts. The paper concludes with a comparison with previous similar works; results indicate a gain in predictability of up to 12 hr with respect to numerical revisitations performed to mark the fortieth anniversary of the event.
The two isomers of a cyclometallated palladium sensitizer show different photodynamic properties in cancer cells
Authors: Zhou Xue-Quan , Busemann Anja , Meijer Michael S. , Siegler Maxime A. , Bonnet Sylvestre
Published: March 2019

This report demonstrates that changing the position of the carbon-metal bond in a polypyridyl cyclopalladated complex, i.e. going from PdL1 (N^N^C^N) to PdL2 (N^N^N^C), dramatically influences the photodynamic properties of the complex in cancer cells.
Design and fabrication of carbon dots for energy conversion and storage
Authors: Hu Chao , Li Mingyu , Qiu Jieshan , Sun Ya-Ping
Published: March 2019

This review covers the recent advances of carbon dots for versatile energy-oriented applications.
Methane selective oxidation to methanol by metal-exchanged zeolites: a review of active sites and their reactivity
Authors: Mahyuddin Muhammad Haris , Shiota Yoshihito , Yoshizawa Kazunari
Published: March 2019

A review of the recent progress in revealing the structures, formation, and reactivity of the active sites in Fe-, Co-, Ni- and Cu-exchanged zeolites as well as outlooks on future research challenges and opportunities is presented.
One-pot cascade syntheses of microporous and mesoporous pyrazine-linked covalent organic frameworks as Lewis-acid catalysts
Authors: Ma Yunchao , Liu Xiaozhou , Guan Xinyu , Li Hui , Yusran Yusran , Xue Ming , Fang Qianrong , Yan Yushan , Qiu Shilun , Valtchev Valentin
Published: March 2019

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous solids with broad potential applications.
New Ag8PtO6: synthesis, crystal structure, physical properties and theoretical analyses
Authors: Thakur Gohil Singh , Reuter Hans , Rosner Helge , Fecher Gerhard H. , Felser Claudia , Jansen Martin
Published: March 2019

Ag8PtO6is the first silver platinate and features a framework structure consisting of “isolated” PtO6octahedra and O–Ag–O linkers.
Excellent catalysis of TiO2 nanosheets with high-surface-energy {001} facets on the hydrogen storage properties of MgH2
Authors: Zhang Meng , Xiao Xuezhang , Wang Xinwei , Chen Man , Lu Yunhao , Liu Meijia , Chen Lixin
Published: March 2019

Anatase TiO2 nanosheets with exposed {001} facets were used to improve the kinetic performance and reduce the activation energy of MgH2 system.
Deep neural network learning of complex binary sorption equilibria from molecular simulation data
Authors: Sun Yangzesheng , DeJaco Robert F. , Siepmann J. Ilja
Published: March 2019

We employed deep neural networks (NNs) as an efficient and intelligent surrogate of molecular simulations for complex sorption equilibria using probabilistic modeling.
A new approach for synthesizing bulk-type all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries
Authors: He Linchun , Chen Chao , Kotobuki Masashi , Zheng Feng , Zhou Henghui , Lu Li
Published: March 2019

All-solid-state Li-ion batteries (ASSLiB) have been considered to be the next generation energy storage devices that can overcome safety issues and increase the energy density by replacing the organic electrolyte with inflammable solid electrolyte.
An ultrasensitive and simple fluorescence biosensor for detection of the Kras wild type by using the three-way DNA junction-driven catalyzed hairpin assembly strategy
Authors: Li Qiong , Zhou Danhua , Pan Jiafeng , Liu Zhi , Chen Junhua
Published: March 2019

A label-free platform for simple detection of the Kras gene was proposed by using the three-way DNA junction-driven catalyzed hairpin assembly strategy.
A simple assay for probing transformations of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in human serum
Authors: Kuznetsova Olga V. , Reshetnikova Irina S. , Shtykov Sergei N. , Karandashev Vasilii K. , Keppler Bernhard K. , Timerbaev Andrei R.
Published: March 2019

A novel approach combining ultrafiltration and high-resolution ICP-MS was proposed for assessing the biocompatibility and biological identity of nanoparticles.
A bioluminescent probe for imaging endogenous hydrogen polysulfides in live cells and a murine model of bacterial infection
Authors: Li Jun-Bin , Wang Qianqian , Liu Hong-Wen , Yuan Lin , Zhang Xiao-Bing
Published: March 2019

A turn-on bioluminescent probe (BP-PS) for bioimaging endogenous H2Sn in live cells and a murine model of bacterial infection was, for the first time, reported.
Does stoichiometry matter? Cocrystals of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with isonicotinamide: odd–even alternation in melting points
Authors: Tothadi Srinu , Phadkule Amala
Published: March 2019

This study outlines the synthesis of four cocrystals of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids {pimelic acid to sebacic acid (HOOC–(CH2)n–COOH, n = 5, 6, 7 and 8)} and isonicotinamide in a ratio of 1 : 2.
Electrokinetic ion transport in an asymmetric double-gated nanochannel with a pH-tunable zwitterionic surface
Authors: Hsu Jyh-Ping , Chen Yu-Min , Lin Chih-Yuan , Tseng Shiojenn
Published: March 2019

Bioinspired, artificial functional nanochannels for intelligent molecular and ionic transport control have versatile potential applications in nanofluidics, energy conversion, and controlled drug release.
Potential-driven surface active structure rearrangement over FeP@NC towards efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Tang Fumin , Su Hui , Zhao Xu , Zhang Hui , Hu Fengchun , Yao Peng , Liu Qinghua , Cheng Weiren
Published: March 2019

Understanding the variation of active structure during the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process is of great importance for aiding in the design of optimized electrocatalysts.
Real-time regulation of catalysis by remote-controlled enzyme-conjugated gold nanorod composites for aldol reaction-based applications
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Dongni , Geng Xu , Li Zhengqiang , Gao Renjun
Published: March 2019

Remote-controlled nanomaterials, used to regulate rapid conversion of light energy into internal energy, are an emerging technology for achieving real-time control of enzymatic and catalytic industrial processes.
Cyclometallation reactions of a three-coordinate cobalt(i) complex bearing a nonsymmetric N-heterocyclic carbene ligand
Authors: Gao Yafei , Chen Qi , Leng Xuebing , Deng Liang
Published: March 2019

The reactions of a three-coordinate cobalt(i)–N-heterocyclic carbene complex with different organometallic reagents afford different cyclometallated cobalt–N-heterocyclic carbene complexes.
Probing the nanoscale organisation and multivalency of cell surface receptors: DNA origami nanoarrays for cellular studies with single-molecule control
Authors: Hawkes William , Huang Da , Reynolds Paul , Hammond Linda , Ward Matthew , Gadegaard Nikolaj , Marshall John F. , Iskratsch Thomas , Palma Matteo
Published: March 2019

DNA origami nanoarrays with cell surface receptor ligands for cellular studies of human cutaneous melanoma cells and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.
Asymmetric confinement for defining outgrowth directionality
Authors: Holloway Paul M. , Hallinan Grace I. , Hegde Manjunath , Lane Simon I. R. , Deinhardt Katrin , West Jonathan
Published: March 2019

Edge-guidance and turning angle principles were used to design asymmetric microstructures to affect unidirectional outgrowth bias and provide new insights into pathfinding.
Recent developments in decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions between carboxylic acids and N–H compounds
Authors: Arshadi Sattar , Ebrahimiasl Saeideh , Hosseinian Akram , Monfared Aazam , Vessally Esmail
Published: March 2019

Carboxylic acids and their derivatives are ubiquitous compounds in organic chemistry, and are widely commercially available in a large structural variety.
Azabicyclic vinyl sulfones for residue-specific dual protein labelling
Authors: Gil de Montes Enrique , Jiménez-Moreno Ester , Oliveira Bruno L. , Navo Claudio D. , Cal Pedro M. S. D. , Jiménez-Osés Gonzalo , Robina Inmaculada , Moreno-Vargas Antonio J. , Bernardes Gonçalo J. L.
Published: March 2019

We have developed [2.2.1]azabicyclic vinyl sulfone reagents that simultaneously enable cysteine-selective protein modification and introduce a handle for further bioorthogonal ligation.
The energetic implications of introducing lithium-ion batteries into distributed photovoltaic systems
Authors: Davidsson Kurland Simon , Benson Sally M.
Published: March 2019

Batteries for stationary applications can prove to be crucial for enabling high penetration of solar energy, but production and use of batteries comes with an energetic cost.
Anisotropic expansion and size-dependent fracture of silicon nanotubes during lithiation
Authors: Wang Chao , Wen Jici , Luo Fei , Quan Baogang , Li Hong , Wei Yujie , Gu Changzhi , Li Junjie
Published: March 2019

Experiments and simulations demonstrate anisotropic expansion and size-dependent fracture of silicon nanotubes during initial lithiation of well-designed nanotube arrays.
Nanoporous gold supported chromium-doped NiFe oxyhydroxides as high-performance catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Sun Jie-Song , Zhou Yi-Tong , Yao Rui-Qi , Shi Hang , Wen Zi , Lang Xing-You , Jiang Qing
Published: March 2019

Chromium-doped NiFe oxyhydroxide nanosheets that are quasi-vertically oriented on three-dimensional nanoporous gold exhibit superior catalytic activity towards the oxygen evolution reaction.
Thermally resistant thermadapt shape memory crosslinked polymers based on silyl ether dynamic covalent linkages for self-folding and self-deployable smart 3D structures
Authors: Ding Zhenjie , Yuan Li , Liang Guozheng , Gu Aijuan
Published: March 2019

Thermally resistant thermadapt shape memory crosslinked polymers with silyl ether dynamic covalent linkages for high performance smart 3D structures were developed.
Quantum-cutting Yb3+-doped perovskite nanocrystals for monolithic bilayer luminescent solar concentrators
Authors: Cohen Theodore A. , Milstein Tyler J. , Kroupa Daniel M. , MacKenzie J. Devin , Luscombe Christine K. , Gamelin Daniel R.
Published: March 2019

Quantum-cutting Yb3+:CsPb(Cl1−xBrx)3 nanocrystals mitigate thermalization and reabsorption losses in a new monolithic bilayer luminescent solar concentrator device architecture.
The energetics of phosphoric acid interactions reveals a new acid loss mechanism
Authors: Lee Albert S. , Choe Yoong-Kee , Matanovic Ivana , Kim Yu Seung
Published: March 2019

The energetics of acid–base interaction suggests a new acid loss mechanism that allows developing advanced membranes for fuel cells.
Supramolecular assembly of tetronic–adamantane and poly(β-cyclodextrin) as injectable shear-thinning hydrogels
Authors: Lee Hyo Jin , Le Phuong Thi , Kwon Ho Joon , Park Ki Dong
Published: March 2019

Shear-thinning hydrogels with improved mechanical strength have been developed through host–guest interactions and the thermo-gelling effects of tetronic–adamantane and poly[β-CD] at 37 °C. The fabricated hydrogels showed injectability through a needle with excellent shear-thinning and recovery properties.
Prediction of superhard B2N3 with two-dimensional metallicity
Authors: Lin Shuyi , Xu Meiling , Hao Jian , Wang Xiaoli , Wu Min , Shi Jingming , Cui Wenwen , Liu Dan , Lei Weiwei , Li Yinwei
Published: March 2019

Our predicted B2N3 compound is a multi-role material combining metallicity, superhardness and high-energy density.
High-performance non-fullerene polymer solar cells based on naphthobistriazole wide bandgap donor copolymers
Authors: Li Li , Liu Gongchu , Zhang Jie , Wang Zhenfeng , Jia Tao , Hu Yingyuan , Cao Congcong , Zhang Kai , Huang Fei , Cao Yong
Published: March 2019

The non-fullerene polymer solar cells (NF-PSCs) devices based on the PFBTZNT:m-ITIC system exhibited a power conversion efficiency of up to 11.02%.
Lack of association between matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene rs1799750 polymorphism and osteoarthritis susceptibility: a meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Lei , Bin Jie , Ou Yang-chao , Zhu Li-xin , Lu Ji-ping
Published: March 2019

Background. A relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)-1607 (rs1799750) gene polymorphism and osteoarthritis (OA) susceptibility was reported in the Bioscience Reports journal; however, these results were inconsistent. To evaluate the specific relationship, we used a meta-analysis study to clarify the controversy. Methods. The relevant articles were retrieved on 20 October 2018 from PubMed, Elsevier, Springer, Ebase (Ovid), and Google Scholar. The number of alleles and genotypes for MMP-1 was obtained. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the association between MMP-1-1607 (rs1799750) 1G/2G promoter polymorphism and OA, while the Egger’s test was used to assess heterogeneity among studies and publication bias. All statistical analyses were conducted using STATA 12.0 software. Results. A total of six case–control studies covering 1133 cases and 1119 controls were included in the final meta-analysis. There was no significant association between MMP-1-1607 1G/2G promoter polymorphism and OA in all genetic models (2G versus 1G: OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.78–1.60; 1G/2G versus 1G/1G: OR  = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.32–1.67; 2G/2G versus 1G/1G: OR  =  1.31, 95% CI = 0.57–2.98; the recessive model: OR  =  1.23, 95% CI = 0.63-2.41; and the dominant model: OR  =  1.25, 95% CI = 0.79–1.97). We obtained similar results for the subgroup analysis using ethnicity and type of disease. Conclusion. We systematically investigated the association between MMP-1-1607 (rs1799750) 1G/2G polymorphism and OA susceptibility; however, the results show no correlation.
LncRNA FBXL19-AS1 promotes breast cancer cells proliferation and invasion via acting as a molecular sponge to miR-718
Authors: Ding Zhenmin , Ye Pengcheng , Yang Xiaohu , Cai Hongmiao
Published: March 2019

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been suggested to serve vital roles in tumor initiation and progression. However, the expression and underlying mechanisms of lncRNA FBXL19-AS1 in breast cancer (BC) remain unclear. In the present study, we found that FBXL19-AS1 expression was significantly up-regulated and correlated with advanced clinical features and poor overall survival of BC patients. Functionally, FBXL19-AS1 inhibition suppressed BC cells proliferation, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes in vitro and reduced tumor growth in vivo. In addition, we found that FBXL19-AS1 might function as a ceRNA to sponge miR-718, and miR-718 could rescue the effects of FBXL19-AS1 on BC cells progression. Therefore, these findings suggested that FBXL19-AS1 might serve as an oncogenic lncRNA and promoted BC progression by sponging miR-718, indicating FBXL19-AS1 could serve as a potential therapeutic target for BC treatment.
The function of histone acetylation in cervical cancer development
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Chang Weiqin , Jin Yuemei , Feng Chunyang , Wu Shuying , He Jiaxing , Xu Tianmin
Published: March 2019

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common female cancer in the world. It is well known that cervical cancer is closely related to high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, epigenetics has increasingly been recognized for its role in tumorigenesis. Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression levels based on non-gene sequence changes, primarily through transcription or translation of genes regulation, thus affecting its function and characteristics. Typical post-translational modifications (PTMs) include acetylation, propionylation, butyrylation, malonylation and succinylation, among which the acetylation modification of lysine sites has been studied more clearly so far. The acetylation modification of lysine residues in proteins is involved in many aspects of cellular life activities, including carbon metabolism, transcriptional regulation, amino acid metabolism and so on. In this review, we summarize the latest discoveries on cervical cancer development arising from the aspect of acetylation, especially histone acetylation.
Amorphous Mg–Fe silicates from microwave-dried sol–gels
Authors: Thompson S. P. , Herlihy A. , Murray C. A. , Baker A. R. , Day S. J. , Smith A. J. , Snow T.
Published: March 2019

Context. Laboratory analogues can provide physical constraints to the interpretation of astronomical observations of cosmic dust but clearly do not experience the same formation conditions. To distinguish between properties intrinsic to the material and properties imprinted by their means of formation requires extensive characterisation.

Aims. Sol–gel methods can produce amorphous silicates with potentially high reproducibility, but often require long drying times (24+ h) at elevated temperatures in air, controlled atmosphere, or vacuum. We investigate the possibility that microwave drying can be used to form amorphous silicate on a timescale of ∼10 min and characterise their structural and spectroscopic properties relative to silicates produced by other drying methods.

Methods. Microwave-dried amorphous MgSiO3, Fe0.1Mg0.9SiO3and Mg2SiO4are characterised using X-ray powder diffraction, total X-ray scattering, small angle X-ray scattering and mid-IR FTIR spectroscopy, and compared to samples produced from the same gels but dried in-air and under vacuum. The development of crystalline structure in the microwave-dried silicates via thermal annealing up to 999°C is also investigated using in situ X-ray powder diffraction.

Results. At the inter-atomic level the silicate structures are largely independent of drying method, however larger-scale structured domains, ranging from a ∼few × 10 Å to ∼100’s Å in size, are observed. These are ordered as mass fractals with discernible variation caused by the drying processes. The mid-IR 10μm band profile is also found to be influenced by the drying process, likely due to the way removal of water and bonded OH influences the distribution of tetrahedral species. However, microwave drying also allows Fe to be easily incorporated into the silicate structure. In situ annealing shows that for amorphous MgSiO3crystalline forsterite, enstatite and cristobalite are high temperature phases, while for Mg2SiO4forsterite crystallises at lower temperatures followed by cristobalite at high temperature. For Fe0.1Mg0.9SiO3the crystallisation temperature is significantly increased and only forsterite is observed. Crystalline SiO2may be diagnostic of Mg-rich, Fe-poor grain mineralogies. The results are discussed in relation to the different thermal conditions required for dust to crystallise within protoplanetary disk lifetimes.

Conclusions. Sol–gel microwave drying provides a fast and easy method of producing amorphous Mg- and Fe,Mg-silicates of both pyroxene and olivine compositions. Their structure and spectroscopic characteristics although similar to silicates produced using other drying methods, exhibit subtle variations which are particularly manifest spectroscopically in the mid-IR, and structurally over medium- and long-range length scales.