bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolite-associated enzymatic properties of microorganisms with an antagonistic effect on Aspergillus and Fusarium fungi, pathogenic for crops and farm animals
Authors: Khabirova S R , Idiyatov I I , Shuralev E A , Tremasova A M
Published: April 2021

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of toxin-forming fungi. Contamination of agricultural products with mycotoxins can occur both in the field and during storage, if the conditions for the growth and development of fungi. The impact of mycotoxins on human and animal health is manifested in the form of acute mycotoxicosis. In modern agriculture, the most promising detoxification technology for food raw materials uses bacteria that have an antagonistic effect to micromycetes. For a better understanding of these mechanisms and with the aim of further more effective control of pollution, mycotoxin studies to assess the enzymatic properties of previously selected microorganisms-antagonists of toxin-forming microscopic fungi. In the study of amylolytic, proteolytic, lipolytic, cellulosolytic activity and the ability to produce catalase and chitinase, microorganisms with all the properties were not identified. Bacteria RPF1, RPF2, RPA3, PA4, PA7, PA8, RCF11, SB10, SB13, SB15, SB16, SB20 had activity in 3-4 groups of hydrolytic enzymes. The isolates PF7, RCF8, SB11, SB17 showed the maximum activity according to the studied parameters. From these microorganisms, an association of bacteria was created to suppress the growth and development of pathogenic micromycetes.
Dynamics of cortisol in calves against the background of the use of polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate as an anti-stress drug
Authors: Kletikova L V , Mannova M S , Yakimenko N N
Published: April 2021

Our core interest is the dynamics of cortisol in the period of delivery of calves when an environmentally safe drug polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate is being used. Experimental groups of calves received suspension of the drug at a dose of 0.1 g / kg, 0.3 and 0.5 g / kg of body weight. The cortisol level in the newborn calves was 7.12±0.06 mcg/DL, providing sufficient enzymatic activity. In calves of 5-day-old age, by the end of the colostrum period, the cortisol level significantly decreased, in the control group by 5.84 times, reaching 1.22±0.26 mcg/DL; in experimental groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively, by 6.3; 9.13 and 8.68 times (p≤0.05). When the calves reached the age of 15 days, the cortisol content in the calves in the control group was 0.10 mcg/DL; in groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively, it was 0.11; 0.12; and 0.14 mcg/DL. In comparison with the control group calves, the calves of experimental groups on the first 5 days of life, the drug at a dose of 0.1 g/kg of body weight contributed to a decrease in cortisol by 7.4%, at a dose of 0.3 g/kg-by 36.1%, at a dose of 0.5 g/kg-by 32.8%. While the drug was being used for 15 days, in groups 2, 3, and 4, the cortisol content was higher relatively to group 1 by 0.01 mcg/DL, 0.02 mcg/DL, and 0.04 mcg/DL, respectively. Therefore, for calves of 5-day-old age, the optimal cortisol concentration is 0.78-1.22 mcg/DL, for 15-day-old calves, respectively, 0.11-0.14 mcg / DL. We recommend that calves use a suspension of polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate at a dose of 0.3-0.5 g/kg of body weight on the first five days of life, followed by a dose of 0.1-0.3 mg/kg.
Use of endemic plants in dairy cattle breeding in the Middle Amur region
Authors: Klyuchnikova N F , Klyuchnikov M T , Klyuchnikova E M , Naumova L I
Published: April 2021

Preservation and maintenance of high productivity, reproductive capacity, productive longevity, and vitality is an urgent task of dairy farming. Modern dairy farming is characterized by a high level of mechanization of all production processes, a large concentration of animals in a confined space, constant exposure to various stressors against the background of increasing environmental pollution. This implies an increase in the adaptive abilities of the animal organism. The situation is aggravated by the transfer of animals to low-component rations and year-round stall keeping without active movement. The main role at the present stage of dairy farming development belongs to the strengthening of the fodder base and the organization of rational feeding of cattle. Only complete feeding ensures the practical realization of the genetically determined level of animal productivity, thereby contributing to the further increase in the efficiency of animal husbandry. Considering the problems of increasing the production of animal products in the conditions of the Khabarovsk Territory, the most important of them should be noted: increasing the biological value of the diet of animals by enriching the missing components. Due to the fact that the compound feed imported from other regions of Russia to the Far East does not always correspond to the required quality, chemical composition and nutritional value, therefore, in the Far East region, to increase the biological value of the animal diet, it is possible to use additives from local plant resources containing in its composition is a whole complex of biologically active substances, macro- and microelements. Domestic and world practice has convincingly proved that the use of biologically active substances in the feeding of animals and poultry makes it possible to obtain more products from them while reducing feed costs. Taking this factor into account, we have carried out studies on the use of flour from the roots and stems of the high teapot as a source of biologically active substances in the feeding of farm animals, as well as an alcoholic extract of the roots of the fox. Positive changes were noted in the experimental groups. During the reference period, the preparations of the high lure helped to stimulate the reproductive function of cows after calving, led to an earlier fertilization of cows and an increase in milk productivity during the milking period.
Development of the agricultural industry in the conditions of food security
Authors: Kuchumov A V , Gnezdova J V , Terentyev S E
Published: April 2021

The article presents an attempt to develop an organizational mechanism for the development of the agricultural industry in the context of food security. The purpose and subject of the study is to build a logically consistent methodology for the formation of an organizational mechanism for the development of the agricultural industry. Methodically, the article is based on a systematic approach to assessing the current state and identifying problems in the development of agricultural enterprises and conducting a comparative analysis of management principles and applied technologies in the agricultural industry of Russia using the example of animal husbandry enterprises. The article provides an algorithm for effective interaction between the state and agricultural enterprises using a wide range of methods of dialectical logic, statistical groupings, comparative and abstract logical analysis. Conclusions: animal husbandry enterprises are showing increasing interest in the development of domestic enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, as the main reserve of domestic raw materials for their own stable development; The proposed organizational mechanism for the formation and development of agricultural enterprises within the framework of state support for the management of structural transformations of the industry makes it possible to implement the reconstruction of the socio-economic situation in the agricultural industry and improve food security.
Technologies for assessing food security in the transition to a circulating economy
Authors: Beloshitskii D S , Patlasov O Yu
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the main problems of ensuring food security, both at the state and municipal levels. In the course of the research, a number of hypotheses were put forward. Foreign examples of solutions to the problems of rural depopulation are given. Criteria and indicators of food security are proposed. The food sovereignty of Russia is analyzed and the main problems of the ineffectiveness of the food security policy are presented. The conclusion is made about the relationship between the environmental aspect and food security.
The effect of genotype on in vitro morphogenesis of blue- and purple-grained bread wheat
Authors: Shkurkina A A , Khlebova L P , Melnikova Yu V , Vistovskaya V P , Mityukhina S E
Published: April 2021

Bread wheat containing anthocyanins in grain is of great interest for in vitro cell selection. These compounds are antioxidants and help the plant cope with stress. For the first time, we have evaluated the regenerative potential of eight samples with purple and blue grain using mature and immature embryos as explants. The maternal plants grew in the field conditions in the south of Western Siberia (Russia). Colored wheat had an advantage over white-grained forms in the ability to in vitro morphogenesis and adaptation to ex vivo conditions. Samples Fioletovozernaya (k-55583) and Blue A (k-43091) showed an intense proliferation of callus (94-95%), a high morphogenic activity (74-100%) and a large yield of viable regenerants (4-6 from one callus). We consider these forms promising for the selection of cell and plant lines that are resistant to adverse environmental factors and are suitable for breeding programs.
Effect of a lithium-containing pharmacological agent on the biochemical blood parameters of broiler chickens during the development of technological stress
Authors: Miftakhutdinov A V , Nogovitsina E A , Saifulmulyukov E R
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the results of the effect of the anti-stress feed additive PIK-antistress on the biochemical composition of the blood serum of broiler chickens during slaughter. The obtained results showed that the used feed additive did not have a negative effect on metabolism and energy, such as - protein, carbohydrate, mineral; the total amount of protein in the blood serum increases by 5.3-7.5%, mainly due to an increase in globulin fractions; the amount of total calcium and inorganic phosphorus increases by 19.3% and 5.0-5.8%, respectively, while the level of alkaline phosphatase becomes lower - by 18.0%.
The effect of bean flour on the rheological properties of a tritikale flour based composite mixture based tritikale flour
Authors: Maradudin M S , Simakova I V
Published: April 2021

In this research work, we have studied and compared the main parameters of the rheological state of dough made from triticale flour (a variety of the promising line by the FSBIS Agricultural Research Institute of the South-East), dough made from flour of white and red bean seeds, as well as parameters of dough from flour of composite mixtures based on them. It has been found that the water absorption capacity of flour highly correlates with moments of force during the liquefaction phase and with moments of force characterizing the minimum and maximum consistency of the dough during the phase of starch retrogradation. The type of beans significantly influenced the correlation of the water absorption capacity of flour with the dough stability, the moment of force characterizing the stability of the dough during the gelatinization phase, as well as with the total energy consumption for kneading the dough. Taking into account the research results of the rheological state of the dough, bread with various mass fractions of components was baked experimentally. The results obtained confirmed the improving effect of bean flour, which is in the fact that even with a high mass fraction (60-100%) of bean flour in the composite mixture, it was possible to obtain a complete rheological profile of the studied system, and, consequently, preservation of the optimal dough structure.
The influence of foliar fertilization on the productiv of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. cultivated on ordinary chernozem
Authors: Pimonov K I , Solodovnikov A P , Belogolovtsev V P , Gusakova N N , Poletaev I S
Published: April 2021

At present, work is underway in Russia to expand the species diversity of plants, to provide processing enterprises of the light and food industries with domestic raw materials. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of complex mineral fertilizers containing trace elements on the yield of guar grain. The studies were carried out in the soil and climatic conditions of the Lower Don on ordinary chernozem. On average for 3 years the highest yield of 156.0 g / m2 was obtained when applied fractionally, in three terms (in the phases: steming, budding, fruit formation) of complex fertilizer Ecogrinvit legumes in an amount of 6 l / ha (2 l / ha for one feeding) with a consumption rate working solution of 200 l / ha (for one treatment). The effect of fertilizers was 183.6%. Trace elements copper, boron and molybdenum contained in the studied complex fertilizers and applied fractionally to vegetating guar plants act not only as nutrients and as elements protecting plants from pathogens.
Russian scenarios for exposure assessment of pesticides to soil organisms
Authors: Kolupaeva V N , Gorbatov V S
Published: April 2021

Standardized exposure scenarios are important in pesticide authorization procedures. They are used for the estimation the effects of pesticides to soil organisms. Scenarios are needed for evaluation the pesticide concentrations in soil profile. Nine Russian scenarios for exposure assessment were drafted. These scenarios were implemented as input files to the pesticide fate model PEARL. To evaluate the influence of the soil and weather conditions of the scenarios on the level of pesticide in soil, the model PEARL was used to calculate the annual maximum (at the day of application) and 56-day areic content and concentration of test compounds in the soil during long-term pesticide application (for 20 years). It appears the content differences between the nine regulatory zones were no more than a factor of two. These differences were comparatively small in view of the considerable variations in climate and soil characteristics between these zones. Calculations showed the highest pesticide content was observe in Novosibirsk, and the lowest ones were in Krasnodar and Saratov.
The relative frequency of immersion of rye grains in liquid
Authors: Saitov A V , Farafonov V G , Saitov V E
Published: April 2021

The grain heap of rye, in addition to high-grade grain, contains weeds and harmful impurities. Poisonous ergot sclerotia are harmful impurities. Modern grain cleaning machines do not provide the allocation of ergot sclerotia in one technological process by air flow and on sieves. Ergot sclerotia have a specific gravity lower than that of rye grain. Purification of rye seeds from ergot sclerotia by specific gravity is possible in a salt solution. To create a machine for the insulation of toxic ergot from grain, practical experiments were carried out on throwing single grains of winter rye of the Falenskaya 4 variety into a liquid with a specific gravity of ρ

zh
= 1.0·103; 1.09·103; and 1.15·103 kg/m3. Sodium salt of hydrochloric acid (NaCl) was used to create the solution. The results obtained are presented in the form of the distribution of the relative frequency of grains when immersed in a liquid from the height h of fall. It was found that 100% immersion of grains in water occurs at a height h of not less than 43·10−3 m, and an aqueous solution of salt – 58·10−3 m. When developing a device for the isolation of ergot sclerotia by specific gravity in a salt solution, it is necessary to take into account that the grain will move in a flow and exclude the appearance of an undesirable trapping of an air bubble by a grain, which will worsen the results of separating impurities from the grain.
Improving the conditioning of wheat grain when preparing it for grinding into graded flour
Authors: Vinogradov D V , Evsenina M V , Novikova A V
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate the use of hydrogen peroxide when conditioning to intensify this process and improve the technological properties of grain. Winter wheat is a crop of strategic importance for agriculture and food security of the country, as it is a raw material for the production of wheat flour - a valuable food product of great consumer value, from which a wide range of bakery, confectionery and pasta products are produced. For the production of wheat flour, high-quality raw materials are needed that meet all requirements of regulatory documents. The quality indicators of wheat flour are largely determined by the initial physical and mechanical properties of grain and are controlled during the technological process of obtaining flour by a given change in these properties. Hydrothermal treatment is the most important stage in the flour production process. Optimal ratios of grain conditioning parameters are selected experimentally in production conditions, depending on its vitreousness and initial moisture content, which depend on the geography, growth conditions, transportation and storage of grain. In modern conditions, when the orderly supply of raw materials is disrupted and the production mode has lost its usual rhythm, it becomes important to search for effective technological methods of intensive processing, which make it possible to minimize the influence of a variety of initial grain properties on the quality of flour. When using hydrogen peroxide in the traditional grain conditioning technology, grain processing properties improve, as a result of which the yield of flour increases, the content of gluten in the flour increases and its quality improves, which has a positive effect on the bread produced from it. Hydrogen peroxide has also a disinfecting effect, which protects flour from being damaged by potato and other diseases and prolongs its shelf life.
The main diseases of African clary catfish when grown in closed water supply installation and cage farms
Authors: Kozlov A V , Turchakov V V , Bugaev O G , Shinkarev S M
Published: April 2021

In this paper, an analysis of the literature on the diseases of Clarias catfish (Clarias gariepinus) carried out. The main bacterial, parasitological and viral diseases that are characteristic of the soma under the conditions of a recirculating aquaculture system have identified. In addition to this, a study of the pathogenic microflora of the Claria catfish carried out. Crops of biological material showed the presence of pathogenic genera such as Acinetobacter ssp., Pseudomonas Fluorescens, Aeromonas Hydrophilia, as well as opportunistic species: Eikenella sp. and Salmonella sp., whose virulence for C. Gariepinus has not confirmed.
Biological bacterial herbicides solution based on pseudomonas
Authors: Sleptsov Yuri
Published: April 2021

One of the problems of organic farming is weed control. There are some groups herbicides of biological nature today - fungal, bacterial, viral and some phyto toxins. The strain Pseudomonas syringae 564 by Danylo Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology NAS of Ukraine showed a herbicide’s effect against a number of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds.
Fields of activity and directions of development of state agricultural companies in Russia
Authors: Yakovlev A
Published: April 2021

This scientific article reveals the issues of the emergence of state agricultural companies in the Russian Federation, their evolution and current state. Today, state agro-industrial complexes in the regions have a different structure, types of activities, as well as operating conditions. The paper analyzes the current state of state agro-industrial complexes and proposes measures for the further development of state agricultural companies.
Development of convergence of agricultural sectors
Authors: Dementieva A A
Published: April 2021

The modern condition of agriculture is characterized by high degree of intensification and specialization, infringement of scientifically grounded structure of crop rotation and unbalanced application of organic fertilizers. This creates variety of environmental problems. This article is directed on definition of potential benefits of crop-livestock convergence through more efficient use of natural resources. The research objective was the complex estimation of development of sectoral convergence in agriculture using example of Krasnodar Territory. The article studies impact of livestock on crop. Dependence between farm animals and share of cultivated area occupied by perennial grasses has been revealed. It is proved that share of perennial grasses in structure of crop rotation partly depends on farm animals. The role of perennial grasses in crop rotation, their influence on the productivity of agricultural crops has been studied. Dependence between volume of application of organic fertilizers and yield of crops has been revealed. The assumption is substantiated that convergence of crop and livestock is highly adapted to maintenance of soil fertility. It is concluded that one of ways to solve identified problems is the development of convergence of crop and livestock by improving use of resources and reuse of waste.
Analysis of the development of grafted grape seedlings on a nursery garden of different graft-rootstock combinations
Authors: Titova L A , Magomadov A S , Avdeenko I A , Grigoriev A A , Palaeva D O
Published: April 2021

In 2019-2020, experiments were laid on the fields of the ARRIV&W – Branch of FRARC with the aim of experimentally determining the phenotypic signs of compatibility of scion-rootstock combinations with the participation of grape varieties of interspecific origin Denisovskiy and Prestige and rootstock varieties Kober 5 BB and Riparia Rupestris 101-14 introduced to the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation, approved for use. According to the results of the studies, it can be concluded that the selection of the optimal scion-rootstock for growing the necessary scion varieties has a direct effect on the yield of seedlings, which, with the same level of agricultural technology, will minimize production costs for inoculating seedlings and repairing grape plantations. The influence of the rootstock variety on the phenotypic characteristics of the scion variety has been established. The yield of seedlings is the most objective indicator of the compatibility of the scion-rootstock combination. According to the research results 2019-2020. it was found that the yield of first-class seedlings of the Denisovsky and Prestige varieties significantly depends on the used rootstock variety. The Riparia Rupestris 101-14 rootstock has the highest yield of seedlings of the Denisovskiy variety, 45.4%, which is 21.6% more than on the Kober 5 BB rootstock variety. On the Denisovskiy variety, the seedling yield was 48.0%, which is 39.9% more than on the Kober 5 BB rootstock variety.
Multifactor development of agrarian production potential under sustainable development
Authors: Kuchumov A V , Terentyev S E , Belokopytov A V
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the problems of development and reproduction of production potential in the agricultural sphere of activity. The multifactor nature of the functioning of the production potential, taking into account the reproduction processes and the sustainability of the development of agricultural organizations, has been determined. The authors proposed methodological recommendations for assessing the development of production potential, taking into account its fundamental elements, taking into account the indicators of reproduction and the integral nature of the components of the resource potential. Recommendations are proposed for creating optimal conditions for the expanded reproduction of resource potential, taking into account government support, innovative development and investment activities in the industry. The proposed recommendations will make it possible, according to forecast calculations, to increase the increase in the volume of gross agricultural production in the region by 60-75%, and the level of efficiency in using the production potential will increase by 1.4-1.5 times.
Organic farming as a promising direction of scientific and technological development of crop production in the Novosibirsk region
Authors: Rudoy E V , Petukhova M S , Isaeva G V , Dobryanskaya S L
Published: April 2021

The article shows that the Novosibirsk region can occupy an important niche in the development of organic agriculture in Russia. There are more than 65 thousand hectares of fallow lands in the region, which are most suitable for putting into circulation for organic farming, as well as 1.097 peasant (farmer) enterprises and 2.783 individual entrepreneurs engaged in agricultural production. It is calculated that in each district of the Novosibirsk region, on average, 10% of grain crops in K(F)X can be transferred to organic production, i.e. 44.6 thousand hectares. This will make it possible to produce 671.7 thousand centners of organic grain, while the possible losses during the transition to this type of production will amount to 74.6 thousand centners. A list of organic farming technologies for the region is proposed.
Conceptual bases of system technology of designing of logistic schemes of harvesting and transportation of grain crops
Authors: Rogovskii I L , Titova L L , Voinash S A , Berezova L V , Timofeev E V , Erk A F , Luchinovich A A , Kalimullin M N , Sokolova V A
Published: April 2021

The article reveals conceptual principles of creating technology for designing transport and logistics schemes for harvesting, reloading and transportation of grain crops with their flexible adaptation to specific agronomic, technical, natural production, economic and numerous conditions during their harvest. The authors presented the results of system-analytical studies of problem, which formed practical consulting document, which allows the offender in specific conditions to determine choice of optimal transport and logistics schemes for harvesting and transporting crops to granaries. The concept of developing such a document for synthesis of logistics technologies for harvesting and transporting grain involves three stages. The authors described the technology to achieve the result, which does not require without great need to conduct complex, long-term and costly field experiments. In addition, the article made it clear that this approach should be used to solve complex problems, to implement intelligent projects of high complexity. The problem posed in article undoubtedly belongs to this class of problems. The main emphasis is placed on conceptual nature of work and at least the results of first stage of inductive technologies of system information-analytical research are given. The authors, based on complexity and significant lack of initial information base, planned to implement the project on inductive technology.
Technology for processing of logging residues for bioenergy
Authors: Karpachev Sergey , Bykovskiy Maksim
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of modeling technological processes for the development of forest bioresources for bioenergy using soft containers. The technology of collecting, storing and transporting fuel chips in soft containers is proposed. Conventional trucks can be used to transport fuel chips using soft container technology. The proposed technology allows to increase the productivity of the machine system: mobile chipping machine + truck by 1.5-2 times. The designed technology allows you to separate the work of the mobile chipping machine and the truck. The projected technology requires the equipment of additional storage areas for containers.
Automated farm management system in Uzbekistan
Authors: Narzullaev D Z , Shadmanov K K , Baidullaev A S , Rajabov E E , Tursunov A T
Published: April 2021

The main task of using information technologies is not only the automation of labor-intensive processing processes, a large amount of data, but also the acquisition of qualitatively new information resources. Taking into account that information technologies today play a very important role in the development of various socio-economic processes, it is important to understand that they must develop and improve. Today, there are many problems in the development of modern information technologies, which is invariably reflected in the level of economic development of Uzbekistan. The first important issue is the training of information technology personnel. In order to get good specialists, the training process must be properly organized, centralized, and must be carried out using modern technologies. Also among the topical problems of modern information technologies are the prevalence of foreign information technologies in this area and a low percentage of domestic ones. In addition, an equally important problem of the information space of Uzbekistan is the lack of coordinated work between its individual information sectors (commercial, regional, state). The lack of proper interaction between these sectors leads to their ineffective work. It should be noted here that in Uzbekistan different regions have different degrees of information content. And this is the main constraint on the development of information technology. After all, it is the high level of informatization of citizens that is a necessary component of social progress. The presented work describes an automated farm management system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, which was implemented within the framework of a scientific project of the Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The experience of application, implementation of information technologies, information systems, scientific search systems and databases for processing, storage, analysis of data and results of scientific research, organization of research activities in the agricultural sector.
Modernized elements of the experimental milking robot
Authors: Migulev P I , Shukin S I , Abylkassymov D A , Shukina T N
Published: April 2021

The article describes the results of laboratory tests of the upgraded elements of the milking robot (liner, milking machine manifold). Comparative tests of the serial ADU-1 and the modernized experimental element of the milking robot were carried out on an artificial udder stand, developed at the Department of Mechanization and Electrification of Livestock Breeding, Tver State Agricultural Academy. The obtained values of the operating modes and the recorded oscillograms make it possible to judge the higher effective throughput of the upgraded elements of the milking robot, a decrease in the return outflow of milk and a safer mode of milking cows.
Study of the impact of fire-extinguishing foaming agents on agricultural crops
Authors: Koval Yu N
Published: April 2021

In order to study the qualitative and quantitative effects on living organisms, the toxic effect of foaming agents was assessed. As an object, the use of seeds of sowing oats (Avena sativa) is proposed. It has been established that the development and growth of the root system of the bioindicator directly depends on the degree of soil toxicity. The greatest negative impact on the test object was produced by a nonionic foaming agent at a concentration of 10 mg/l.
Influence of the main tillage methods on the moisture temperature mode of the soil and the yield of winter wheat
Authors: Semenikhina Yulia , Kambulov Sergey , Boyko Andrey , Nadolinsky Yury , Podlesniy Dmitriy
Published: April 2021

The accumulation and preservation of soil moisture through rational tillage methods is an effective strategy for increasing the yield of winter wheat in the zone of risky farming with insufficient and unstable moisture. The article discusses the methods of tillage: surface, shallow, moldboard and no-Till. Their influence on the moisture-temperature mode of the soil is investigated. Weather and climatic conditions was taken into account. Correlation analysis indentified an average negative interdependence between soil moisture and ambient (atmospheric) air humidity and a high positive relationship between soil temperature and ambient air temperature. The yield of winter wheat for the study period analyzed depending on the applied method of tillage. The leading position of no-Till tillage in terms of the yield of winter wheat (7.17 t / ha), as well as in the moisture-temperature mode was revealed. At the same time, with shallow tillage, moisture was recorded at 20.12%; 17.75% with surface tillage; by 13.19% using the moldboard method. Warming up of the soil was established with shallow tillage by 12.19%; with a dump method by 13.19%; with the surface method by 4.12%. A decrease in the yield of winter wheat was revealed with the moldboard method by 8.37%; with the surface method by 8.37%; with a zero method by 12.14%. It has been established that no-Till tillage is the most effective in terms of maintaining soil moisture and yield of winter wheat in the zone of risky farming.
Dynamics of wear of the knives that handled the deep cold
Authors: Kremyanskiy V F , Spiridonov A M , Volodin D V , Paramonov A N
Published: April 2021

Among the measures that increase the efficiency of using agricultural and reclamation machines, there is an increase in the surface hardness of parts, the strength of materials, and wear resistance. With the introduction of high-speed machines in agricultural production, the wear of working surfaces has increased. Therefore, the issues of increasing the wear resistance of machine parts are currently being promoted to one of the first places in the complex of measures to extend their service life. We provide one of the methods to achieve this goal in this article.
Application of waste products of crop processing in the production of building materials for agricultural facilities
Authors: Mishurov N P , Voytyuk M M , Vinogradov P N , Machneva O P , Voytyuk V A
Published: April 2021

The article examines the use of waste from the crop-growing branch of agriculture in the manufacture of eco-friendly composite materials used in the reconstruction, modernization and construction of objects of the agro-industrial complex (AIC). As fillers for the manufacture of composite construction and finishing materials, waste products from the processing of agricultural crops of plant origin, such as fiber-like particles obtained from the straw of annual plants and remaining after harvesting raw cotton in the form of cotton stalks, are proposed.
Rationalization and optimization of peasant farmer facilities land use in Russia
Authors: Pavlova V A , Stepanova E A , Uvarova E L
Published: April 2021

The article presents a statistical analysis to the formation and development of the peasant (farmer) facilities sector in Russia on such indicators as the composition of land, the level of agricultural production, the total land area. The authors identified groups of factors that affect the optimal parameters of land use (limiting, optimizing, maintaining) and also determined their weights using the method of hierarchy analysis
Method of remote determination of humus content in soils of grape agrocenoses in southern regions of Russia
Authors: Grishin I Yu , Timirgaleeva R R , Likhovskoy V V , Vasylyk I A
Published: April 2021

The article discusses methods for analyzing soil fertility in grape agrocenoses based on determining the value of the humus content by remote methods based on the analysis of spectral characteristics of soils. The study was carried out using laboratory photography with a digital camera and satellite multispectral equipment. It is shown that the considered methods for determining the humus content in the soil are highly accurate, which makes it possible to apply them to create an automated system for monitoring the state of soils.
Improving the efficiency of the soil uncompaction by the cultivator-subsoiler through the use of digital systems for working depth control
Authors: Kalinin A B , Novikov M A , Ruzhev V A , Teplinsky I Z
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of scientific studies of the soil state formed under the influence of machine-tractor units in intensive technologies of potato production. It has been established that the main anthropogenic impact that reduces the yield of this crop is over compaction of the soil in the root spreading zone which prevents the spread of the potato root system. The studies used a rheological model of the soil state, statistical methods for assessing processes during the operation of tools for deep tillage and digital maps of fields. To loosen the soil, it is proposed to use a subsoiler cultivator equipped with a digital depth control system which ensures the implementation of differentiated processing that minimizes the energy consumption during tillage.
New insights into grain hydrogels with reinforced textural properties: design of low-calorie jelly desserts technology
Authors: Belova N M , Kutsenkova V S , Petrova O N , Popova O M , Yeganehzad S , Nepovinnykh N V
Published: April 2021

Traditionally jelly desserts are sweet, calorie products which are appreciated due to their pleasant texture and a variety of taste. Sweet jelly desserts based on natural polysaccharides contain up to 20 % sucrose. Excessive consumption of sugar leads to various diseases. Number of studies is aimed at the partial or complete replacement of sugar with sweeteners in confectionery industry. The aim of this investigation is to design of low-calorie jelly desserts technology with non-starch polysaccharides, sweeteners and with addition of cereal flour. Commercial samples of following food hydrocolloids were used for preparation of food gels: konjac glucomannan, xanthan gum (Danisco, France); iota carrageenan (Sarda Starch Pvd. Ltd. India); locust bean gum from Ceratonia siliqua seeds (Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC, USA). Fructose, Steviliya-E, sorbite, maltose syrup, honey were used as sweeteners. Flour from flax and amaranth seeds was used for improving texture properties and nutritional value of jelly desserts with sweeteners.
Development criteria for gluten-free foods
Authors: Ushakova Yu V , Rysmukhambetova G E , Ziruk I V , Belova M V , Sadygova M K
Published: April 2021

The paper presents marketing research of the gluten-free food market in the Saratov region. As a result of the data obtained, it has been established that gluten-free foods are mainly supplied by foreign brands such as “Dr. Korner “(Germany)” and Dr. Schar” (Italy), supplying the market with a wide range of flour confectionery, pasta and bakery products. The market of domestic producers is mainly represented by LLC “Garnets” (RF) and LLC “Dietika” (RF). The work investigated the quantitative content of gluten in several developed dietary cereal culinary and flour confectionery products, namely: a casserole made from rice groats with almond milk and corn flour, a casserole made from rice groats with almond milk and flax flour, buckwheat pudding with goat milk and rice flour, cookies made from a mixture of flax and corn flour, gluten-free cake with added flax and rice flour, gluten-free cake with added corn and pumpkin flour, and gluten-free cake with added corn and rice flour. The fractional composition of the types of flour and its mixtures used in the developed products was calculated and the gluten level therein as experimentally confirmed (less than 20 mg/kg).
Influence of developments in the field of high-energy physics on the biochemical parameters of the blood serum of Clarius catfish grown in RAS
Authors: Rudneva O N , Vasiliev A A , Kudinov A V , Korobov A P
Published: April 2021

The data on the influence of innovative hydrological developments in the field of high energy physics on the biochemical parameters of blood serum of Clarius catfish grown in a closed water supply installation are presented. The essence of innovative developments in the field of high energy physics consists in the treatment of water in which fish and feed are grown with crystal structures created by a group of Russian scientists. The energy of these crystal structures has a beneficial effect on the biological activity of objects, improving their natural properties. During the experiment, the content of total bilirubin, enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AsT) and alanine aminotransferase (AlT), total protein, creatinine, glucose, urea, alkaline phosphatase, macro elements (calcium and phosphorus) were determined. The biochemical blood parameters of the fish in the control and experimental groups had significant differences in some parameters, which may indicate a positive effect of feeds with a modified molecular structure and biologically active liquid (BAF) on the organism of Clarius catfish.
Possibilities of “Vega” satellite monitoring services for arable land use assessment on the example of Smolensk region, Russia
Authors: Denisov P V , Kashnitskiy A V , Loupian E A , Sereda I I , Tolpin V A , Troshko K A
Published: April 2021

The paper shows the practical use possibilities of satellite services “Vega” for arable land use determining. The services provide access to satellite data and different tools for its processing for solving this problem. The article shows examples of agricultural land use types interpretation using different approaches such as multi-temporal RGB composites analysis and NDVI vegetation index dynamics analysis. The results of object-based classification of arable land use assessment are demonstrated in the paper on the example of Safonovsky District (Smolensk region, Russia). It is shown that the reliability of the proposed approach reaches more than 90%.
Plants jamming on water-saturated soils during contact with the supporting elements (feet) of walking machines
Authors: Chernyshev V V , Goncharov A A , Sharonov N G , Arykantsev V V
Published: April 2021

Walking machines when working on waterlogged soils can be more efficient than wheeled machines. They provide increased ground passability and destroy the soil to a lesser extent. The paper discusses the results of studies of plant jamming by the feet of walking machines. Stamp tests of contact interaction of feet of various shapes with water-saturated soil were carried out. It was found that the greatest damage to the plant is obtained along the perimeter of the foot. This was the case at any depth of the footprint. Plants damaged by the foot, even in the case of small-sized feet, continued to grow after a period of depression. Wheeled and tracked movers, due to slipping and milling effect, are damaging plants to a higher extent. Mathematical modeling of the contact interaction of the foot with weak-bearing soil by the methods of finite element modeling has been carried out. Dimensional contact model for rigid feet of various shapes interacting with elastoplastic soil is formulated. The task was solved under conditions of large deformations of the supporting surface. The regularities of the stress-strain state of the soil in the zone of its contact with the foot under simple normal loading are obtained. Modeling shows that the greatest stresses occur along the perimeter of the foot, and the soil inside the perimeter is less loaded. This explains the nature of the plant jamming. Thus, the walking mode of movement in irrigated agriculture can provide lower plant jamming in comparison with traditional machines. Considering the smaller area of soil compaction and the absence of a continuous track, which is one of the causes of water erosion of the soil, it can be concluded that it is advisable to use small-sized feet.
Genetic Technologies in Agriculture as a Condition of Competitiveness and National Security in Post-COVID Period
Authors: Buletova N E , Stepanova E V , Abou-Raya M M
Published: April 2021

The authors of the paper present the result of risk and perspective analysis of genetic technologies introduction into agricultural sector of national economies. In the context of high level mistrust in GMO, research results due to the interest of multinational corporations in obtaining ‘super profits’ and high potential of genetic technologies for national food security, it has been concluded that it is necessary to expand governmental overview powers and participation level in the development and introduction of GM technologies into agriculture and other spheres of economy in order to guarantee safety and ensure higher accessibility standards to the population. The results of the study are supported by the data of the survey among certain age groups of Russian, Egyptian, Bulgarian and American population conducted by the authors of the paper. As a solution, we suggest establishing a new Governmental Department related to the FAO GM foods in order to determine quantities, safety assessment standards and facilitate deals between countries enabling GM foods production. In the future, this may change the policy of some countries, which now have a strict ban on GMOs, allowing them to open up to genetic technologies development. There are both direct positive effects to the Government from support of research and introduction of genetic technologies in agriculture and indirect ones. They include new jobs creation, affordability of the market basket or commodity bundle, poverty reduction and national scientific potential increase. In the conclusion, it should be specified that the demand for genetic technologies in agriculture during the post -COVID period is justified due to decrease in living standards of global population, unemployment increase, change in production and consumption structure of national and world economy. Besides, a set of measures should be adopted aimed at implementing government policy of support and development of GM foods and services production at the global and national levels.
Fast-deployable co-cultivation systems in aquaculture
Authors: Lagutkina L Yu , Evgrafova E M , Kuzmina E G , Gundareva A N
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the creation of a combined recirculating fish farming and intensive crop production (aquaponics) on the basis of a mobile modular facility, which corresponds to the direction “Transition to highly productive and environmentally friendly agro- development and implementation of systems for the rational use of chemical and biological protection of agricultural plants and animals, storage and efficient processing of agricultural products, creation of safe and high-quality, including functional, food products” of the Strategy of scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation, as well as the Forecast of scientific and technological development of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 in terms of the development of specific research areas “Urbanized agriculture: combined technology of recirculating fish farming and intensive crop production”.
Generate troubleshooting strategies based on knowledge modeling
Authors: Dimitrov V , Borisova L , Khubiian K
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the issues of modeling knowledge of troubleshooting in units and systems of a combine harvester. Based on the approach using tables of fault functions, the analysis of the subject area is carried out. As an illustration of the application of the proposed strategy for finding the causes of a malfunction, one of the subsystems of electrical equipment of a modern combine harvester is considered, for which a diagram has been formed to build a structural-logical model. As a result of the analysis of the table of malfunction functions, sets of elementary checks are determined. To find the optimal sequence of elementary checks by the method of analysis of hierarchies, the analysis of the weight of these checks was carried out on the basis of four evaluation criteria. As a result of the calculation, the optimal sequence of checks was determined and a decision tree was built to find the cause of the malfunction in the considered subsystem of electrical equipment. The decision tree is the basis for the formation of the knowledge base of an intelligent information system. A fragment of the developed knowledge base is given.