bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Properties of Covalently Linked Fluorescent Tetrads Containing Two BODIPYs and Two 3‐Pyrrolyl BODIPYs
Authors: Chauhan Pinky , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: November 2024

Two covalently linked fluorescent tetrads containing two BODIPY units and two 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY units have been synthesized over a sequence of steps starting with bis(3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY) as the key precursor. Both covalently linked tetrads 6 and 7 were confirmed by HR‐MS and characterized and studied by 1D and 2D NMR, absorption, cyclic voltammetry, steady state and time‐resolved fluorescence techniques, and also by DFT and TD‐DFT methods. The tetrad 6 exhibited one strong absorption band at 680 nm whereas the tetrad 7 showed strong absorption bands at 510 nm and 648 nm corresponding to BODIPY and 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY units respectively and the absorption band of tetrad 6 was bathochromically shifted due to effective π‐conjugation in tetrad 6 compared to tetrad 7. The electrochemical studies revealed that tetrads exhibit only two reductions indicating their electron deficient nature. The steady state and time‐resolved fluorescence studies invoked a possibility of singlet‐singlet energy transfer from BODIPY units to 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY units in one of the tetrads upon selective excitation of BODIPY unit. In this tetrad, the BODIPY unit acts as an energy donor whereas the 3‐pyrrolyl BODIPY unit acts as an energy acceptor. The theoretical studies were corroborated with experimental results. Group webpage: https://ravikanthlab.wixsite.com/mysite/.
Pathologic dural invasion is associated with regional recurrence in olfactory neuroblastoma: A multi‐institutional study
Authors: Tang Anthony , Taori Suchet , Fung Nicholas , Almeida Joao Paulo , Champagne Pierre‐Olivier , Fernandez‐Miranda Juan C. , Gardner Paul , Hwang Peter H. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Patel Chirag , Patel Zara M. , Celda Maria Peris , Pinheiro‐Neto Carlos , Sanusi Olabisi , Snyderman Carl , Thorp Brian D. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Zenonos Georgios A. , Zwagerman Nathan T. , Wang Eric W. , Geltzeiler Mathew , Choby Garret
Published: November 2024

Objective

Neck metastases are a poor prognostic factor in olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB). Pathologic dural invasion (pathDI) may increase the risk of neck metastases due to invasion of dural lymphatics. We aim to evaluate the prognostic value of pathDI in predicting rates of neck metastases and recurrence using a large, multicenter database of ONB patients.

Data sources

Retrospective review of a prospective, multicenter database of electronic health records of all patients who presented with ONB between 2005 and 2021 at nine tertiary academic care centers within North America.

Review methods

Clinicopathologic features including modified Kadish staging systems, margin status, treatment modalities, Hyams grading, follow‐up time, and survival.

Results

Of 258 ONB patients, 189 patients met the inclusion criteria. The 10‐year neck recurrence‐free survival (neck‐RFS) rates were 85.7% (75.6‒97.3) and 61.8% (47.9‒79.8) for patients without and with pathDI, respectively (p = 0.018). Time‐to‐event multivariable regression analysis found pathDI to have an odds ratios of 9.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–80.4, p = 0.04) for neck‐RFS and 9.5 for RFS at any site (95% CI 1.1–83.3, p = 0.04).

Conclusion

In multivariable analysis, the presence of pathDI appears to be the strongest predictor of neck recurrence and recurrence at any site. Future studies exploring the benefit of elective neck dissection or radiation for patients with pathDI may impact disease management.
The case for regulatory approval of amyloid‐lowering immunotherapies in Alzheimer's disease based on clearcut biomarker evidence
Authors: Aisen Paul , Bateman Randall J. , Crowther Damian , Cummings Jeff , Dwyer John , Iwatsubo Takeshi , Kosco‐Vilbois Marie , McDade Eric , Mohs Richard , Scheltens Philip , Sperling Reisa , Selkoe Dennis
Published: November 2024

Decades of research have provided evidence that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is caused in part by cerebral accumulation of amyloid beta‐protein (Aβ). In 2023, the US Food and Drug Administration gave full regulatory approval to a disease‐modifying Aβ antibody for early AD. Secondary prevention trials with Aβ antibodies are underway. We summarize peer‐reviewed evidence for targeting Aβ and argue that regulators should consider approving new agents working by similar mechanisms (Aβ antibodies and vaccines) based on robust amyloid lowering and reasonable safety. The urgent need to provide treatments to millions of mildly symptomatic patients suggests that AD should join other diseases for which standard approval is based on significant changes in mechanistically meaningful biomarkers coupled with safety. Robust amyloid lowering in secondary prevention trials of people who have amyloid plaques but are asymptomatic could also provide evidence of a change in the pathophysiological progression of AD as a basis for regulatory approval.

Highlights

Thirteen key findings support amyloid beta as a cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Three immunotherapies lower amyloid and slow decline, allowing regulatory approval.

New such agents could be considered for approval due to amyloid lowering and safety.

Urgency suggests AD may join diseases with approval due to a key biomarker + safety.
The mediating role of plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein in amyloid and tau pathology in Down's syndrome
Authors: Boerwinkle Anna H. , Wisch Julie K. , Handen Benjamin L. , Head Elizabeth , Mapstone Mark , Rafii Michael S. , O'Bryant Sid E. , Krinsky‐McHale Sharon J. , Lai Florence , Rosas H. Diana , Zaman Shahid , Lott Ira T. , Tudorascu Dana , Zammit Matthew , Brickman Adam M. , Lee Joseph H. , Ances Beau M. ,   the Alzheimer's Biomarker Consortium‐Down Syndrome
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

Development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in Down's syndrome (DS) occurs within a compressed timeline compared to sporadic or other genetic forms of AD.

METHODS

Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and plasma pTau‐217 levels were compared by AD pathophysiology (amyloid (A+) and tau (T+) positron emission tomography [PET]) in persons with DS (N = 348) and sibling controls (N = 42). Plasma GFAP, plasma pTau‐217, amyloid‐PET, and tau‐PET levels were compared with regard to estimated years to onset of clinical symptoms (52.5 years old). We evaluated if plasma GFAP mediated the relationship between amyloid PET and plasma pTau‐217 or tau PET.

RESULTS

Plasma GFAP, a measure of astrogliosis, was elevated in A+/T‐ and A+/T+ individuals with DS. Plasma pTau‐217 was elevated in A+/T+ individuals with DS. GFAP partially mediated the relationship between amyloid‐PET and tau‐PET (15.3%) and amyloid‐PET and plasma pTau‐217 (42.1%).

DISCUSSION

Astrogliosis is a key component in the advancement of preclinical AD pathophysiology in DS.

Highlights

Amyloid may be a necessary precursor for stimulating astrocytes.

Astrogliosis may play a key role in modifications to tau phosphorylation.

Targeting neuroinflammation may only aid amyloid positive individuals.

Alzheimer's disease timecourse is compressed in individuals with Down's syndrome.
Green Synthesis of New Spiropyrrole Derivatives by Employing Activated Carbonyl Compounds and Graphen Oxide Decorated on Ag@CuO/ZnO NPs or CuO/ZnO NPs: Theoretical and Biological Study
Authors: Iravani Nasir , Mohammadi Marziyeh , Hossaini Zinatossadat
Published: November 2024

This study focused on investigating the synthesis of new spiropyrrole derivatives with high yields. The two nanocatalyst CuO/ZnO@Graphen Oxide nanocomposites (CuO/ZnO@GO NCs) and Ag/CuO/ZnO@Graphen Oxide (Ag@CuO/ZnO@GO NCs) were employed in a multicomponent reaction at room temperature to synthesize new compounds. The reaction involved isatins, N‐alkyl isatins, and ninhydrin as activated carbonyl compounds, ammonium acetate, ethyl 2‐arylamino‐4‐dioxo‐4‐arylbutanoates, hydrazonoyl chloride, or ethylbromopyruvate in water. Also, the catalytic activity of the green synthesized CuO/ZnO@GO and Ag@CuO/ZnO@GO was evaluated in the reduction of organic pollutants such as 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) in water at mild conditions. The results indicated that the biosynthesized MNCs have very high and effective catalytic activity for organic pollutants within a few seconds. The newly synthesized spiro compounds demonstrate antioxidant activity as a result of two assessment processes conducted by its NH group. In addition, the antibacterial activity of newly created spiro compounds was assessed using a disk distribution method, involving two types of Gram‐negative bacteria. These compounds were found to limit the growth of Gram‐positive bacteria as well. Also, to better understand the reaction mechanism, density functional theory (DFT)–based quantum chemical methods have been applied. The advantages of this technology encompass rapid response times, high product yields, and uncomplicated catalyst and product separation via simple procedures.
Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous phase using dimethylaminopropylamine anchored polystyrene‐co‐divinylbenzene polymer as adsorbent
Authors: Suthar Sandipkumar P. , Parmar Hiteshkumar , Katariya Smita N. , Yadav Ran Bahadur
Published: November 2024

The current investigation delves into the effectiveness of dimethylaminopropylamine tethered onto polystyrene‐co‐divinylbenzene polymer for the proficient elimination of hexavalent chromium from simulated wastewater. The resin was characterized using SEM, FT‐IR spectroscopy, EDX, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry, and solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy. The experimental investigation into sorption dynamics involved varying process parameters, including initial Cr(VI) concentration, amount of adsorbent used, solution pH, temperature, and contact between phases. The binding modes of chromate ions, either bidentate or monodentate, were observed, with their manifestation influenced by the solution's pH. Sorption capacity was found to be pH‐dependent, with removal efficiencies of 98.27%, 96.38%, and 85.52% observed at pH levels of 3, 6, and 9, respectively. PS‐DMAPA resin demonstrated robust regeneration capabilities, throughout five consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles. The Langmuir adsorption model exhibited excellent agreement with the experimental findings (R2 = 0.9994), revealing a maximum adsorption capacity of 70.15 mg g−1 at 298 K. Additionally, the experimental findings closely matched the second‐order kinetic model. The kinetics of sorption and the thermodynamic parameters were also investigated. Performance evaluating of the PS‐DMAPA resin under dynamic conditions included analyzing the Cr(VI) breakthrough curve. The 10% sodium chloride solution was employed to effectively recover the extracted Cr(VI) quantitatively.
Preparation and performance study of heparinized multi‐walled carbon nanotube/cellulose acetate hemodialysis membrane
Authors: Gao Xingtong , Liu Kai , Hu Wenjin , Li Aixiang , Lyu Zijian , Chen Haiqiang , Zhu Hu
Published: November 2024

Currently, the incidence of kidney failure is increasing worldwide. Hemodialysis is the main method for the treatment of kidney diseases, and the continuous development of new hemodialysis membranes is the key to improve the treatment effect and the quality of life of patients. In this study, heparinized multi‐walled carbon nanotube/cellulose acetate (Hep/MWCNTs@CA) membranes were prepared by non‐solvent induced phase separation (NIPS). The morphology and pore structure of Hep/MWCNTs@CA membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elongation at break and tensile strength of the membranes were characterized by a mechanical property universal tester. The results showed that mechanical properties of 0.1 wt% MWCNTs enhanced the membrane is best. The water contact angle test confirmed that MWCNTs can improve the membrane hydrophilicity, and combined with the adsorption test results for proteins, it was found that the hydrophilicity can reduce the adsorption of proteins to the composite membrane and improve the blood compatibility of the material. The dialysis performance of urea and lysozyme was tested by a self‐made simulated hemodialysis device, and the clearance rates of urea and lysozyme were 84% and 47.2%, respectively, which showed that the interfacial gap between MWCNTs and CA matrix can make the composite membrane retain a high retention rate of macromolecular proteins (92.3%) and further improved the clearance rate of small and medium molecular toxins. In addition, the good blood compatibility and biocompatible properties of the materials were confirmed by hemolysis, recalcification and cytotoxicity tests on Hep/MWCNTs@CA membranes. In conclusion, the prepared Hep/MWCNTs@CA holds great potential for application in the field of hemodialysis.
Enhancing the anticancer effect of metformin through nanoencapsulation: Apoptotic induction, inflammatory reduction, and suppression of cell migration in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Gouhar Shaimaa A. , Nasr Maha , Fahmy Cinderella A. , AboZeid Mona A. M. , El‐Daly Sherien M.
Published: November 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a significant health challenge, necessitating the development of efficient therapeutic strategies. Drug repurposing, which involves the use of existing medications for new purposes, presents a promising opportunity. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, has demonstrated potential anticancer effects. To enhance its efficacy, we formulated nano‐metformin, metformin encapsulated within pectin nanoparticles. Our study aimed to evaluate the superiority of nano‐metformin over free metformin in treating CRC. The cytotoxicity of both metformin and nano‐metformin on Caco‐2 CRC cells was assessed using the MTT assay, revealing a significant dose‐dependent inhibition of cell growth using nano‐metformin. The anti‐inflammatory potential was evaluated by measuring the levels of nitric oxide and the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐2 and IL‐6 following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction, and the results revealed that treating LPS‐induced cells with nano‐metformin significantly reduced the production of these inflammatory mediators. To elucidate the mechanism of cell death, we employed an acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining assay, which revealed the enhancement of apoptotic cell death following treatment with nano‐metformin. Additionally, we examined the expression of key apoptotic regulators using real‐time qPCR. Nano‐metformin, in particular, significantly downregulated the expression of the antiapoptotic markers Bcl‐2 and Survivin while upregulating the proapoptotic caspases 3, 7, and 9. The comet assay revealed significant DNA damage induced by treatment with the nano‐metformin compared with that in the free form. Moreover, nano‐metformin significantly reduced the migration ability of cells. In conclusion, our work revealed the superior efficacy of our formulated nanoform over free metformin, highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic agent for CRC treatment.
Parental experiences and perspectives of healthcare providers' genetic testing recommendations for their children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder in the United States
Authors: Zhao Shixi , Li Ming , Chen Wei‐Ju , Rennie Brandon J. , Hsiao Yu–Yu , Guan Yue
Published: November 2024

Although genetic testing is recommended for all children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the United States, it remains unclear how many parents have received and followed these recommendations. This study aimed to assess parental experiences and perspectives of healthcare providers' genetic testing recommendations. A total of 1043 parents of children with ASD from Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge completed an online survey. Only about one‐third of the parents (34.2%) reported that their children's providers had recommended genetic testing. Factors associated with whether parents received these recommendations included the type of healthcare providers diagnosing ASD, parents' knowledge of genetic testing, the age of their children's diagnosis, and the presence of certain co‐occurring medical conditions in their children. Our study also revealed that most parents (76.9%) who received recommendations had pursued genetic testing for their children. Adherence to the recommendations was associated with the characteristics of the parents (i.e., age and employment status) and children (i.e., gender), and their trust in the information from providers. The findings highlight the critical role of healthcare providers in facilitating genetic testing among families of children with ASD. Healthcare providers are recommended to increase their competencies and practice in providing genetic testing recommendations for ASD, assist parents in navigating testing challenges, and support parents through the testing process.
Lingguizhugan decoction alleviates gestational diabetes mellitus by modulating the PI3K–AKT pathway and oxidative stress: Network pharmacology and experimental evidence
Authors: Cao Chenyue , Chen Weiqin , Chen Bin , Wang Xiaoyu , Lu Yiling , Zou Xueqin , Kang Xinyi , Chen Liping
Published: November 2024

The Lingguizhugan decoction (LGZGD) is a promising traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, its bioactive compounds and therapeutic mechanisms remain unknown. The main chemical composition of LGZGD was analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS). Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of LGZGD against GDM were elucidated through network pharmacology and molecular docking. The therapeutic efficacy and targets of LGZGD were further confirmed via an in vitro GDM model (high glucose [HG]‐treated HTR‐8/SVneo cells). Four compounds of LGZGD, namely, cinnamaldehyde, glycyrrhizic acid, 2‐atractylenolide, and pachymic acid, were detected. A total of 26 targets for LGZGD treating GDM were obtained, which were mainly involved in oxidative stress and the PI3K–AKT signaling pathway. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network unveiled that AKT1, TLR4, TP53, and NOS3 were hub therapeutic targets. Molecular docking showed that these targets had strong affinity with key compounds. In vitro experiments confirmed that LGZGD treatment promoted HG‐induced cell viability, migration, and invasion ability while inhibited the apoptosis rate and oxidative stress. Mechanically, western blot revealed that LGZGD may protect HG‐treated cells by activating the PI3K–AKT pathway and suppressing TLR4 expression. Our study preliminarily explored the mechanism of LGZGD in GDM treatment, providing a scientific basis for the clinical application of LGZGD.
Continuous improvement strategies towards energy transition: The importance of individual employees' entrepreneurial orientation and learning processes
Authors: Tantawy Maha M. , Foord David J. A. , Jimenez‐Moro Eduardo , Piperopoulos Panagiotis , McNally Jeffrey J.
Published: November 2024

At one hand, while research on entrepreneurial orientation (EO) continues to proliferate, only recently has attention been drawn to the individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) level. On the other hand, although organizational learning (OL) explains how organizations explore and exploit knowledge to enhance their innovation and performance, limited research has investigated the relationship between EO and OL. In this study, we develop and empirically test in an established Canadian energy provider a framework on the IEO‐OL‐performance relationship. We find that employees' innovative orientation and risk‐taking propensity are more positively related to exploratory learning, while proactive employees are more geared towards exploitative learning. We further unveil that exploitative learning is more positively related to continuous improvement than explorative learning. Our findings add to scant literature on the IEO‐OL‐performance relationship and provide managerial insights for energy sector firms on how IEO can assist with their transformational business strategies towards green and clean energy supply.
Study on Extraction and Bioactivity of Polysaccharides from Viburnum sargentii Koehne with Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Zhao Lingxi , Zhang Zhuorui , Li Jialun , Yu Hang , Jiang Guiquan
Published: November 2024

The fruits of Viburnum sargentii Koehne (Vsk) are rich in bioactive polysaccharides and polyphenols, which exhibit anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic properties. This study explored the use of deep eutectic solvents (DES), specifically urea‐choline chloride, as a green extraction medium to maximize polysaccharide yield from Vsk polysaccharides. Extraction conditions, including solvent composition, temperature, and time, were optimized using response surface methodology, achieving significantly higher yields and purity compared to hot water extraction. The polysaccharides extracted through DES showed a more homogeneous molecular structure, with reduced protein and pigment impurities. Bioactivity assays confirmed potent antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects, with DES‐extracted polysaccharides displaying enhanced reducing power, free radical scavenging capabilities, and notable α‐amylase inhibition compared to those obtained by conventional methods. These findings highlight DES extraction as an effective approach not only to improve yield and purity but also to enhance the bioactivity of extracted compounds. Consequently, DES‐extracted Vsk polysaccharides show potential for use in developing functional foods and nutraceuticals. This study advances sustainable extraction technologies, positioning Vsk polysaccharides as valuable bioactive compounds with promising health applications.
Navigating the Mysteries of CLIPPERS Syndrome: A Case Report of Long‐Term Follow‐Up
Authors: Etemadifar Masoud , Alaei Seyyed‐Ali , Mirian Zahra‐Sadat , Norouzi Mahdi
Published: November 2024

Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) syndrome is a rare central nervous system inflammatory disorder with an unknown pathophysiology. We present the case of a 51‐year‐old female exhibiting clinical and radiological features consistent with CLIPPERS syndrome. She manifested diplopia, vertigo, gait ataxia, and lower limb asthenia, accompanied by impaired tandem gait, right sixth nerve palsy, and coarse horizontal nystagmus during the physical examination. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed punctate and curvilinear lesions centered in the pons. Treatment with glucocorticoids resulted in significant clinical improvement, and the patient was discharged with a maintenance dose of prednisolone. Throughout a four‐year follow‐up period, the patient remained symptom‐free without any relapses using the low‐dose corticosteroid. The CLIPPERS syndrome diagnosis remains challenging, but recent evidence supports an autoimmune pathogenesis. Although corticosteroid treatment has shown significant clinical improvement, there are no established guidelines or clinical trials on the optimal therapeutic regimen. Despite its rarity, clinicians should consider CLIPPERS syndrome in patients with compatible clinical and radiological features to prevent irreversible neurological damage.
Hybrid Supports for Oligonucleotide Synthesis: Controlled Pore Glass Derivatives with Branched Amine‐Ended Polyether or Polyimine
Authors: Trzciński Stanisław , Brzezinska Jolanta , Waligórski Krzysztof , Strzelec Joanna , Kolet Katarzyna , Klarek Mateusz , Kołacki Oskar , Chmielewski Marcin K.
Published: November 2024

Controlled pore glass (CPG), differing in pore size and subsequent specific surface, was chemically modified by: (1) increasing surface susceptibility for amine functionalization via reaction with oxirane‐type (active) and alkyl/aryl‐type (inactive towards amine compounds) silane pro‐adhesive compounds, and (2) immobilization of trimethylolpropane tris[poly(propylene glycol), amine terminated] ether, comb‐like 8‐arm octa[poly(ethylene glycol) amine] with each branch amine terminated, and a poly(propylene imine) amine‐terminated second‐generation dendrimer. The increase in surface density of amine functions – monitored by UV‐Vis technique adopted for quantitative measurements of Ruhemann's purple intensity – improved final loading capacity, characterized by dimethoxytrityl cation absorption. Obtained materials proved their applicability in automatic oligonucleotide (ON) synthesis, especially when silanized 2000 Å CPG modified with 8‐arm octa[poly(ethylene glycol) amine], with deduced empirical formula CPG – silane – (NH)6.4PEG‐(NH2)1.6, was used for long‐chain (150 nucleotides) ONs synthesis. This can be regarded as a good CPG support for this purpose. Moreover, hybrid supports with different porosity allowed the synthesis of shorter ONs with satisfactory yield and purity, monitored by RP‐HPLC and MALDI‐TOF. On the molecular level, two competitive mechanisms seem to influence the utility of the final hybrid support: spatial availability of active sites and the propensity of the functionalizer to bond with the CPG surface.
Construction of Luminescent Terpyridine‐Based Metallo‐Bowties with Alkyl Chain‐Bridged Dimerized Building Blocks
Authors: Luo Siqi , Zhao Lingang , Li Zhikai , Chen Zhi , Wang Heng , Fang Fang , Li Hang , Li Xiaopeng , Yu Xiujun
Published: November 2024

Numerous metallo‐supramolecules with well‐defined sizes and shapes have been successfully constructed via the strong coordination interaction between terpyridine (TPY) moieties and ruthenium cations. However, the pseudo‐octahedral geometry of  unit hampers the luminescent properties of such metallo‐architectures, thus limiting their applications as optical materials. To address this issue, we herein use a flexible alkyl chain to bridge TPY building blocks, replacing conventional  linkage. The introduction of alkyl chain guides the self‐assembly into desired architecture while simultaneously eliminating the quenching effects typically associated with the  linkage. More importantly, this design strategy enables the precise construction of bowtie‐shaped metallo‐supramolecules with significantly enhanced emission. The incorporation of alkyl chain linkage not only maintains structural integrity but also enhances optical performance, making these metallo‐supramolecular assemblies highly promising for applications in advanced photonic and luminescent materials. This study offers a versatile approach to construct complex metallo‐supramolecular architectures with desired optical properties.
Improving the End‐to‐End Protection in E‐Voting Using BVM—Blockchain‐Based E‐Voting Mechanism
Authors: Gupta Sweta , Gupta Kamlesh Kumar , Shukla Piyush Kumar
Published: November 2024

Voting has always been a crucial topic of public attention for democratic reasons. The ease of use and low cost are the result of e‐voting being frequently used for such important decision outcomes. However, the tremendous authority and intervening data in current e‐voting systems make it risky and difficult to achieve correct equity and clarity in e‐voting. So, by combining e‐voting with blockchain technology, these issues can be resolved while providing reorganization and intervention‐resistant characteristics. A voter's improper manipulation, frequent voting, or non‐party voting, may also undermine fairness. A verifier is therefore required to check the e‐voting mechanism in order to ensure its effectiveness and control the process equality and fairness. In this paper, a Blockchain‐based e‐Voting Mechanism (BVM) is developed for providing the end to end security and fairness for transparent voting. This mechanism also provides a zero‐knowledge proof (ZP) based verifier to inspect the voting procedure against voter's mis‐operations and uses a novel Improved Master‐key Administration (IMA) based public key cryptography to attack prevention. The utilization of blockchain technology ensures transparency, anonymity, confidentiality, authentication, tamper resistance, and a high level of data integrity, making it a promising choice for modernizing and enhancing the electoral process. Also, the performance of BVM has been compared with similar voting mechanisms and analyzed based on time complexity, security analysis, performance factors like delay and throughput, and anti‐attack examination.
Unravelling the Structure of One‐Electron Oxidation Products of Model Peptide Backbones Containing Methionine by IRMPD Spectroscopy: The Effect of the Neighbouring Groups
Authors: Jiang Yining , Clavaguéra Carine , Lecouvey Marc , Houée‐Levin Chantal , Martens Jonathan , Berden Giel , Oomens Jos , Scuderi Debora
Published: November 2024

A series of Methionine (Met) derivatives, where either the amino group and/or the carboxylic acid group is blocked by acetyl and/or methyl ester functionalities, has been investigated by Collision Induced Dissociation‐tandem mass spectrometry (CID‐MS2) and Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy. The CID‐MS2 experiments were performed using a Fourier‐transform ion‐cyclotron‐resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The IRMPD spectra were recorded employing a Paul type ion‐trap coupled with the free‐electron laser (FEL) FELIX in the fingerprint region from 600 to 2000 cm−1. We show that the oxidation of the methionine residue with protected terminal groups induces the formation of a sulfoxide function. However, compared to the IRMPD spectrum of protonated methionine and methionine sulfoxide, significant spectral differences are observed in the spectra of model protected peptide backbones containing methionine. DFT calculations show that protonation occurs on the sulfoxide group in the gas phase for these model peptide backbones containing methionine, shifting the diagnostic signature of the sulfoxide group from 1000 to 862 cm−1.
A Systematic Review of the Costs of Drug‐Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Potential Cost Savings with Nephrotoxin Stewardship Prevention Strategies
Authors: Stottlemyer Britney A. , Tran Tiffany , Suh Kangho , Kane‐Gill Sandra L.
Published: November 2024

There is a scarcity of information related to the financial impact of acute kidney injury (AKI), and even more so the economics of drug‐associated AKI (D‐AKI). Our goal was to provide a comprehensive summary of the economic burden of D‐AKI by evaluating the costs of D‐AKI compared to not developing AKI and cost savings associated with nephrotoxin stewardship approaches. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify articles from database inception through November 2023. The main outcomes included AKI incidence, resource use, and cost of nephrotoxin stewardship programs/D‐AKI event or no event. Key findings were summarized based on whether the study compared the cost of D‐AKI vs. no AKI or identified potential cost savings associated with a nephrotoxin stewardship method to prevent D‐AKI or worsening D‐AKI. All costs were adjusted to USD2023. Twenty‐five studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies compared the cost of D‐AKI to no AKI. Total admission costs of patients who developed D‐AKI ranged from $47,696 to $173,569. Nineteen studies implemented nephrotoxin stewardship with 12 substituting a less nephrotoxic drug; five using therapeutic drug monitoring and two altering drug dosing to limit exposure. Overall, these prevention strategies ranged from $5,171 to $364,973 in total medical cost savings and $17 to $942 in total cost savings per patient‐day. The in‐hospital economic impact of D‐AKI is substantial. Implementing nephrotoxin stewardship strategies to reduce D‐AKI is associated with cost savings. Institutions should adopt strategic and efficient nephrotoxin stewardship programs to optimize patient care and reduce costs.
5‐Hydroxymethyl Furfural Oxidation by Perylene Diimide‐Sensitized Electrodes Boosted by Photoinduced Doping
Authors: Marchini Edoardo , Carli Stefano , Barboni Davide , Catani Martina , Cavazzini Alberto , Caramori Stefano , Berardi Serena
Published: November 2024

We explored the electrochemical behavior of antimony‐doped tin oxide (ATO) and perylene diimide (PDI)‐sensitized ATO (ATO‐PDI) for the (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl (TEMPO) mediated conversion of 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a value‐added substrate for alternative polymer synthesis. We first showed that ATO displayed good electrocatalytic properties towards TEMPO, affording a quasi‐reversible response with a heterogeneous rate constant on the order of 2×10−4 cm s−1. We then evaluated the performance of ATO under exhaustive electrolysis of HMF in basic aqueous electrolyte, reaching 80 % Faradaic Efficiency (FE) for FDCA production. Interestingly, a significantly enhanced current (up to 2.5 mA cm−2) was recorded over time when ATO‐PDI was exposed to prolonged visible illumination in a Dye‐Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cell (DSPEC) configuration, which we ascribed to the photoinduced doping of ATO resulting from the oxidative quenching of PDI excited states. The proposed system enabled the production of FDCA with ca. 75 % FE in <2 h reaction time, and an almost quantitative HMF conversion when both the mono‐ and di‐acid products were considered. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a molecular dye‐sensitized interface used for the TEMPO‐mediated oxidation of HMF.
Enhanced Charge Transfer in Poly(Heptazine Imide) Synergistically Induced by Donor‐Acceptor Motifs and Ohmic Junctions for Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Li Qin , Yang Ran , Ma Zhanzhen , Liu Sirui , Li Di , Tian Dan , Jiang Deli
Published: November 2024

Poly(heptazine imide) (PHI) has received widely interest in the photocatalytic CO2 reduction due to its good crystallinity and complete in‐plane structure. However, its poor photo‐induced carrier separation and migration efficiency and insufficient active sites results in undesirable photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance. Herein, we designed and constructed a novel ohmic junction photocatalyst by integrating melamine edge‐modified PHI (mel‐PHI) with extended π‐conjugated system with TiN (TiN/mel‐PHI) for enhancing the photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity. Strikingly, the photocatalytic CO2 reduction yield of the optimal TiN/mel‐PHI is 62.64 μmol g−1 h−1, which is 5.6 and 2.8 times higher than PHI (11.26 μmol g−1 h−1) and mel‐PHI (22.32 μmol g−1 h−1), respectively. The superior photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity is attributed not only to the formation of D‐A structure by the introduction of melamine, which extends the π‐conjugation system, alters the electronic structure of PHI, and accelerates the charge separation and migration, but also to the induced internal electric field by ohmic junction further enhances the charge separation and migration efficiency. Meanwhile, the synergistic effect of mel‐PHI and TiN enriched the electron number of TiN, reducing the CO2 reduction potential. This work highlights the synergistic enhancement of charge transfer between D‐A motifs and ohmic junctions, confirming their potential in optimizing photocatalysts.
Ambroxol Improves Amyloidogenic, NF‐κB, and Nrf2 Pathways in a Scopolamine‐Induced Cognitive Impairment Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Faldu Khushboo Govind , Shah Jigna Samir
Published: November 2024

Ambroxol (ABX) is used to manage excessive production of mucus in the respiratory system. The present study sought to assess the neuroprotective potential of ambroxol by influencing the amyloidogenic, nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB), and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by scopolamine. The AD pathology was induced by chronic administration of scopolamine. The rats were given scopolamine at a dose of 2 mg/kg via intraperitoneal injection daily for 14 days, followed by treatment (ABX 121.5, 135, and 180 mg/kg orally and 5 mg/kg orally of donepezil) for the next 28 days while continuing to receive daily scopolamine injection. The behavior of the rats was evaluated using Modified Y‐Maze and Novel object recognition tasks. Analyses were carried out on AD pathological markers [Amyloid beta peptide 1‐40, Amyloid beta peptide 1‐42, acetylcholinesterase, beta‐secretase 1 (BACE1), total tau, and p‐tau], inflammatory markers [NF‐κB, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), and interferon γ], antioxidant markers (Nrf2 and heme Oxygenase 1 (HO‐1)], along with synaptophysin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry and histopathological assessment of the hippocampus. Our findings indicated that ABX reduced impairment in behavior. Levels of Acetylcholinesterase, BACE1, amyloid beta 1‐40, amyloid beta 1‐42, total tau, p‐tau, NF‐κB, IFN‐γ, IL‐6, and TNF‐α decreased significantly. There was a significant increase in the levels of HO‐1 and Nrf2. It stopped the neuronal degeneration, raised synaptophysin immunoreactivity, and lowered GFAP immunoreactivity. The current research indicates that ambroxol may possess senomorphic properties by impacting the transcription factors NF‐κB and senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Consequently, it could provide neuroprotection through alterations in the Nrf2 and NF‐κB signaling pathways in AD.
Parametric Quantile Autoregressive Conditional Duration Models With Application to Intraday Value‐at‐Risk Forecasting
Authors: Saulo Helton , Pal Suvra , Souza Rubens , Vila Roberto , Dasilva Alan
Published: November 2024

The modeling of high‐frequency data that qualify financial asset transactions has been an area of relevant interest among statisticians and econometricians—above all, the analysis of time series of financial durations. Autoregressive conditional duration (ACD) models have been the main tool for modeling financial transaction data, where duration is usually defined as the time interval between two successive events. These models are usually specified in terms of a time‐varying mean (or median) conditional duration. In this paper, a new extension of ACD models is proposed which is built on the basis of log‐symmetric distributions reparametrized by their quantile. The proposed quantile log‐symmetric conditional duration autoregressive model allows us to model different percentiles instead of the traditionally used conditional mean (or median) duration. We carry out an in‐depth study of theoretical properties and practical issues, such as parameter estimation using maximum likelihood method and diagnostic analysis based on residuals. A detailed Monte Carlo simulation study is also carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed models and estimation method in retrieving the true parameter values as well as to evaluate a form of residuals. Finally, we derive a semiparametric intraday value‐at‐risk (IVaR) model and then the proposed models are applied to two price duration data sets.
Effect of nanoemulsified and encapsulated Planiliza abu protein on fortified yogurt
Authors: Vakili Nasrin , Ataee Maryam , Kakoolaki Shapour , Ahari Hamed , Ghorbanzade Arman
Published: November 2024

Fortified dairy products such as yogurt have attracted a lot of attention due to the increasing concern for public health. This study aimed to determine the effects of nanoemulsified and a microencapsulated protein hydrolysate obtained from Planiliza abu on some of the properties of yogurt. The physicochemical, rheological, microbiological, and sensory evaluation of the fortified yogurt samples stored at 4°C were assessed during 21 days. The fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) < or >10 kDa protein were used. The amino acid profile of Planiliza abu was glutamic acid (78.99%), aspartic acid (59.53%), and lysine (53.54%). No significant change was observed in titratable acidity (TA) and pH of supplemented yogurts during refrigeration. The highest survival level of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), water‐holding capacity (WHC), and viscosity and the lowest syneresis were observed in fortified samples with FPH <10 kDa. The highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was achieved in yogurt fortified with nanoemulsion FPH < 10 kDa (NEh10a, 0.41 mg/g). The results showed that fortified yogurt with FPH, particularly less than 10 kDa, is among the desirable functional food with appropriate gel network and consistency as well as better taste and mouth feel, and higher overall acceptance.
GLI1, CDK4, and MDM2 Co‐Amplification Gastric Plexiform Fibromyxoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhang Shihui , Yang Ye , Li Jianwei , Li Zheng , Li Weihua , Shi Susheng
Published: November 2024

Plexiform fibromyxoma (PF) is a rare mesenchymal tumor that primarily occurs in gastric origin with a benign behavior. PF commonly harbors the MALAT1::GLI1 fusion gene. Here, we describe a case of a 36‐year‐old female with a PF. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed a 3.3 cm mass in the stomach. She underwent laparoscopic partial gastrectomy. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the tumor revealed strongly positive staining for CD34, SDHB, STAT6, MDM2, and CDK4. And the tumor showed TP53 mutant expression. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) comprehensive genomic profiling identified GLI1, CDK4, and MDM2 co‐amplification and TP53 mutations. Here, we first report a case of a young woman with a PF harboring co‐amplification of GLI1, CDK4, and MDM2 genes. The patient underwent complete removal of the tumor without the use of radiotherapy or chemotherapy. No recurrence was observed during the follow‐up period of 8 months. This study aims to improve our understanding of PF by analyzing the clinicopathological characteristics of this case, including immunohistochemical (IHC) and genetic examination, and reviewing relevant literature.
Trade Liberalization and Mortality Rates: Evidence of Pro‐Cyclical Mortality From Brazil
Authors: Cícero Vinicius Curti , Dias Lucas Cardoso Corrêa , Zahran Sammy
Published: November 2024

We trace the evolution of all‐cause mortality rates in Brazilian regions with varying exposure to trade‐induced economic shocks before, during, and after liberalization reforms in the 1990s. We find consistent evidence of pro‐cyclical mortality, with areas more exposed to tariff reductions experiencing larger declines in mortality across varying time horizons. The observed decline in mortality rates is evident across sex, age groups, and for both internal and external causes of mortality. We falsify the observed relationship between mortality and tariff reductions with analyses of causes of death that are plausibly unrelated to economic activity. Concerning proximate mechanisms involved in our finding of pro‐cyclical mortality, we show that healthcare infrastructure expanded in local economies more affected by the trade‐induced economic shock. This expansion was characterized by the increased capital‐intensity of care, facilitated by the import of diagnostic technologies that reduce mortality from internal causes. We also find supporting evidence for the idea that pro‐cyclical mortality is partially caused by a decrease in transport and non‐transport‐related accidents. Overall, our findings highlight an underappreciated dimension of trade policy effects, namely public health.
Clinical Profile and Risk Factors for Complication of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the National Referral Hospital, Bhutan: A Descriptive Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Norbu Tshering , Dorjey Yeshey , Tshering Sangay , Dorji Namkha , Dhakal Guru Prasad
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim

Globally, diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern affecting 10.5% of the population. Nearly 90% of these people have Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In Bhutan, T2DM is prevalent in 5.6% of the population, and around 60% are unaware of their diagnosis of diabetes. There is no baseline information on the rate and the risk factors for complications of diabetes in Bhutan. The study assessed the clinical profile and the risk factors for complications of T2DM at the Jigme Dorji Wangchuk (JDW) National Referral Hospital, Bhutan.

Methods

A descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted at the JDW National Referral Hospital, Bhutan, from January to December 2019. Patients with T2DM attending diabetic clinics were included in the study. Demographic variables and metabolic profiles were recorded using a standard pro forma. Descriptive statistics were used to express the results. The association of clinical profiles with the microvascular complication was assessed using multivariate logistic analysis with statistical significance at p < 0.05.

Results

There were 292 patients with T2DM during the study period. The rate of microvascular complication is around 25% in T2DM. Among the complications, diabetic retinopathy occurred in over 51%, followed by neuropathy (29.7%) and nephropathy (18.9%). Over 1/3rd of patients had a duration of diabetes over 10 years with a mean duration of 6.3 (5.4) years, and around 44% (127/292) of them had poor glycemic control (HbA1C ≥ 7%). The age ≥ 60 years and the duration of diabetes ≥ 10 years were independent risk factors for microvascular complications in T2DM patients. Regular exercise prevents retinopathy (OR 0.4, 95%CI 0.2–0.9, p = 0.026).

Conclusion

There is a microvascular complication in 1 in 4 of type 2 diabetic patients. Age over 60 years and a duration of diabetes of more than 10 years are independent risk factors for microvascular complications, and regular exercise is preventive for microvascular complications.
Stretchable and body conformable electronics for emerging wearable therapies
Authors: Huang Benzhao , Wang Qian , Li Wei , Kong Desheng
Published: November 2024

Wearable therapy represents a research frontier where material science, electrical engineering, and medical disciplines intersect, offering significant potential for remote and portable healthcare. Unlike conventional approaches that rely on rigid materials, the ability to stretch is crucial for therapeutic devices to achieve enhanced mechanical adaptability. Moreover, the conformable integration of these devices into the body is pivotal in establishing reliable interfaces for long‐term treatment. These emerging devices provide an attractive platform for developing new therapeutic protocols that do not disrupt daily activities. This review comprehensively overviews recent progress in stretchable and body‐conformable electronics for wearable therapeutic applications. The discussion begins with the design and fabrication of these devices through structural designs and material innovation. The therapeutic mechanisms adopted by these devices are then systematically explored. Furthermore, the article delineates the crucial characteristics of wearable therapeutic devices, such as biocompatibility, secure skin attachment, and effective moisture management. This review article is poised to inspire innovative device designs and treatment protocols for future medical technology.
Patterns of surface water dynamics and storage changes in a basin of Bundelkhand Region, India: Implications for water management
Authors: Bhatpuria Dhyey , Sharma Nitin , Amarnath Giriraj , Sikka Alok
Published: November 2024

Surface water is essential for agricultural, domestic and industrial production worldwide. Monitoring surface dynamics is crucial for sustainable ecosystems and global water resources. Importance of monitoring surface water dynamics is even more pronounced in the semi‐arid regions worldwide. An analysis of surface water extent and volume change patterns has been conducted, comparing these dynamics with alterations in precipitation patterns within a basin in Central Bundelkhand, a semi‐arid region in the Central India prone to droughts. To map the waterbodies, we leveraged Sentinel‐1 SAR data using an automated mapping framework and utilised DEM dataset to extract bathymetry using interpolation with modifications using water persistence. Analysis revealed a lag in surface water peak water level with respect to accumulated rainfall by 2–3 months. Furthermore, we have categorised the water bodies into small, medium and large by surface area and found that smaller water bodies show a higher intra‐annual variance, while medium and large water bodies show a lower intra‐annual variance. The findings suggest that smaller communities reliant on smaller water bodies are at a higher risk from climate variability in the region and a delay in attaining peak surface storage across the basin causes further challenges to water management.