bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specific immunotherapy using Hymenoptera venom: systematic review
Authors: Watanabe Alexandra Sayuri , Fonseca Luiz Augusto Marcondes , Galvão Clóvis Eduardo Santos , Kalil Jorge , Castro Fabio Fernandes Morato
Published: May 2010

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The only effective treatment for patients who have severe reactions after Hymenoptera stings is venom immunotherapy. The aim of this study was to review the literature to assess the effects of venom immunotherapy among patients presenting severe reactions after Hymenoptera stings. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized controlled trials in the worldwide literature were reviewed. The manuscript was produced in the Discipline of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Universidade de São Paulo (USP). METHODS: Randomized controlled trials involving venom immunotherapy versus placebo or only patient follow-up were evaluated. The risk of systemic reactions after specific immunotherapy was evaluated by calculating odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: 2,273 abstracts were identified by the keywords search. Only four studies were included in this review. The chi-square test for heterogeneity showed that two studies were homogeneous and could be included in a meta-analysis. By combining the two studies, the odds ratio became significant: 0.29 (0.10-0.87). However, analysis on the severity of the reactions after immunotherapy showed that the benefits may not be so significant because the reactions were mostly similar to or milder than the original reaction. CONCLUSIONS: Specific immunotherapy should be recommended for adults and children with moderate to severe reactions, but there is no need to prescribe it for children with skin reactions alone, especially if the exposure is very sporadic. On the other hand, the risk-benefit relation should always be assessed in each case.
Uso terapêutico dos canabinoides em psiquiatria
Authors: Crippa José Alexandre S. , Zuardi Antonio Waldo , Hallak Jaime E. C.
Published: May 2010

OBJETIVO: Revisar os principais avanços no potencial uso terapêutico de alguns compostos canabinoides em psiquiatria. MÉTODO: Foi realizada busca nos bancos de dado PubMed, SciELO e Lilacs e identificados estudos e revisões da literatura sobre o uso terapêutico dos canabinoides em psiquiatria, em particular canabidiol, rimonabanto, Δ9-tetraidrocanabinol e seus análogos. RESULTADOS: O canabidiol demonstrou apresentar potencial terapêutico como antipsicótico, ansiolítico, antidepressivo e em diversas outras condições. O Δ9-tetraidrocanabinol e seus análogos demonstraram efeitos ansiolíticos, na dependência de cannabis, bem como adjuvantes no tratamento de esquizofrenia, apesar de ainda carecerem de mais estudos. O rimonabanto demonstrou eficácia no tratamento de sintomas subjetivos e fisiológicos da intoxicação pela cannabis e como adjuvante no tratamento do tabagismo. Os potenciais efeitos colaterais, de induzir depressão e ansiedade limitaram o uso clínico deste antagonista CB1. CONCLUSÃO: Os canabinoides têm demonstrado que podem ter amplo interesse terapêutico em psiquiatria, porém mais estudos controlados são necessários para confirmar estes achados e determinar a segurança destes compostos.
Epistemologia em sala de aula: a natureza da ciência e da atividade científica na prática profissional de professores de ciências
Authors: Chinelli Maura Ventura , Ferreira Marcus Vinícius da Silva , Aguiar Luiz Edmundo Vargas de
Published: May 2010

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que procurou identificar as diferentes concepções epistemológicas que se encontram incorporadas à prática profissional de professores de ciências. Como resultado, tem-se que existem, em diferentes proporções, convivendo nas escolas, concepções epistemológicas distintas, sugerindo a ocorrência de uma crise paradigmática que pode justificar dificuldades para o aprendizado das ciências. A pesquisa reafirma a necessidade de se incluírem estudos da epistemologia e da história das ciências nos cursos de formação de professores e acrescenta a necessidade de se incluírem estudos sociológicos sobre o currículo, tendo em vista o caráter social da construção do conhecimento no paradigma que busca se impor.
Riscos ocupacionais: das metodologias tradicionais à análise das situações de trabalho
Authors: Nascimento Elvia Lane Araújo do , Vieira Sarita Brazão , Cunha Tânia Batista da
Published: May 2010

Tem-se por objetivo discutir a abordagem dos riscos ocupacionais segundo dois enfoques: o tributário às metodologias tradicionais em segurança do trabalho, cujo enfoque de análise é o das normatizações determinadas por técnicos especializados na área e, outro, que propõe a participação dos trabalhadores. Como abordagem participativa, a referência é a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho e a Ergonomia. A revisão da literatura indica que, embora haja esforço em implantar políticas públicas e de gestão, via participação mais efetiva dos trabalhadores, observa-se, ainda, uma supremacia de metodologias tradicionais na análise dos riscos ocupacionais. Analisam-se suas causas reafirmando a necessidade de novos enquadres teórico-metodológicos.
Determination of the melting temperature, heat of fusion, and purity analysis of different samples of zidovudine (AZT) using DSC
Authors: Araújo Adriano Antunes Souza , Bezerra Marília dos Santos , Storpirtis Sílvia , Matos Jivaldo do Rosário
Published: May 2010

The determination of chemical purity, melting range, and variation of enthalpy in the process of characterizing medicines is one of the principal requirements evaluated in quality control of the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the method of purity determination using DSC was outlined, as well as the application of this technique for the evaluation of commercial samples of zidovudine (AZT) (raw material) supplied by different laboratories. To this end, samples from six different laboratories (A, B, C, D, E, and F) and the standard reference (R) from the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) were analyzed. The DSC curves were obtained in the temperature range of 25 to 200 ºC under the dynamic atmosphere of N2 (50 mL min-1), heating rate of β=2 ºC min-1, using an Al capsule containing approximately 2 mg of sample material. The results demonstrated that the standard reference presented a proportion of 99.83% whereas the AZT samples presented a variation ranging from 97.59 to 99.54%. In addition, the standard reference was found to present a temperature of onset of melting point of 122.80 °C. Regarding the samples of active agents provided by the different laboratories, a variation ranging from 118.70 to 122.87 °C was measured. In terms of ΔHm, the samples presented an average value of 31.12 kJ mol-1.
Pediatric medicines and their relationship to dental caries
Authors: Menezes Valdenice Aparecida de , Cavalcanti Gabriela , Mora Cristiana , Garcia Ana Flávia Granville , Leal Rossana Barbosa
Published: May 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate mothers' knowledge about the cariogenic potential of pediatric medicines. A total of 111 mothers were interviewed using a standardized form containing 15 questions relating to the association of pediatric drug use with dental caries and oral hygiene care. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square test and Fisher's exact) were used at a significance of 5%. Most of the mothers were aged 40 years or under (77.4%), high school educated (30.6%) and not working (50.5%). The association between medication use and dental caries or defects in teeth structure was mentioned by 35 (43.2%) mothers, 33 of whom (40.7%) cited this was due to the presence of sugar in the formulations. Only 32 mothers (28.8%) performed oral hygiene for the child after drugs ingestion, although 81.1% (n = 90) had never received guidance on the importance of this practice. The type of occupation and maternal education level were not significant in these issues (p> 0.05). Pediatric medicines can create problems for the teeth and a high percentage of mothers are unable to establish a clear cause and effect relationship with this association. Therefore, the pharmaceutical industry needs to be more aware of this and should prepare pediatric medicines without the presence of sucrose.
Development of the South African Water Resource Classification System (WRCS): a tool towards the sustainable, equitable and efficient use of water resources in a developing country
Authors: Dollar E. S. J. , Nicolson C. R. , Brown C. A. , Turpie J. K. , Joubert A. R. , Turton A. R. , Grobler D. F. , Pienaar H. H. , Ewart-Smith J. , Manyaka S. M.
Published: May 2010

Despite the transition to democracy in 1994, South Africa still had apartheid legislation on the statute books and the allocation of water was regulated by the 1956 Water Act. Accordingly, post-apartheid South Africa underwent a water sector reform process culminating in the new National Water Act (No. 36) of 1998. One component of the Act is the requirement for a classification system to determine different classes of water resources. The classification system provides a definition of the classes that are to be used and a seven-step procedure to be followed in order to recommend a class. The class outlines those attributes society requires of different water resources. The economic, social and ecological implications of choosing a class are established and communicated to all interested and affected parties during the classification process. This paper outlines the socioeconomic and political context in which the WRCS was developed and outlines the seven-step procedure.
The addition of bevacizumab to fluoropyrimidine, irinotecan and oxaliplatin-based therapy improves survival for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC): Combined analysis of efficacy
Authors: Popov I. , Milicevic M. , Radosevic-Jelic Lj.
Published: May 2010

Background: The primary objective of the analysis was to compare duration of survival in patients who received bevacizumab plus 5FU/LV, irinotecan or oxaliplatin based chemotherapy with the survival rate in a combined control groups of patients who received the same protocols alone, without bevacizumab. Methods: Pooling of the data from the several studies allows evaluation of efficacy end points with greater statistical power to detect real differences between the groups of patients who were and were not treated with bevacizumab. The 10 studies have to be used for analysis were well designed, prospective trials conducted in patients with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. Results: The median duration of survival was 18/12/11 months median duration of progression free survival was 8.8/7/6.7 months and response rate was 34/14/12% in the 5-FU/LV/bevacizumab group, 5-FU/LV CI group, and bolus 5-FU/LV group, respectively. Difference in OS for patients who received bevacizumab with 5-FU/LV in comparison to 5-FU/LV alone is up to 7 months. The median duration of survival for bevacizumab plus irinotecan-based chemotherapy was 20 months, median duration of progression free survival was 11 months and response rate was 45%. Difference in OS, PFS and RR for patients who received bevacizumab plus irinotecan-based chemotherapy in comparison to irinotecan-based chemotherapy alone is up to 5 months, 4.5 months and 10%. For oxaliplatinbased protocols tumor response was 43-53%, overall survival was 16.4-19.4 months and the median progression free survival was 8-9 months. The median duration of survival was 26 months (benefit is up to 10 months), median duration of progression free survival was 19 months (benefit is up to 10 months) and response rate was 59% (benefit is up to 16%) were achieved for bevacizumab plus FOLFOX4 (oxaliplatin/ inf.5FU/LV). Conclusions: Addition of bevacizumab to 5-FU/LV, irinotecan or oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy provided significantly and clinically meaningful improvement in overall survival, disease-free survival and response rate compared with 5-FU/LV, irinotecan or oxaliplatin- based chemotherapy alone in patients with metastatic CRC.
Investigation of the parametar influences of UV/H2O2 process on humic acid degradation
Authors: Veselinovic Aleksandar , Bojic Aleksandar , Purenovic Milovan , Nikolic Goran , Andjelkovic Tatjana , Dacic Stefan , Bojic Danijela
Published: May 2010

Degradation of the humic acids (HA) in aqueous solution by UV radiation in the presence of H2O2 (UV/H2O2 process) was investigated. Low-pressure mercury vapor lamps with the emission maximum at 253.7 nm were used as a UV light source. Process efficiency was monitored by the UV/VIS spectrophotometric analysis of the HA residual concentration. Without H2O2 presence, UV radiation had negligible effect on the HA in aqueous solutions. The addition of H2O2 greatly improved the efficiency of the HA degradation by UV light and the optimum H2O2 concentration was 0.01 mol dm-3. The UV light intensity, pH value, presence and concentration of the carbonate and nitrate anions were investigated. With the increase of UV light intensity the process efficiency improved. The increase of pH had negative effect on the process efficiency. The presence of carbonate and bicarbonate ions inhibited the HA degradation. The presence of nitrate ions up to the concentration of 5 mmol dm-3 had no significant effect on the process efficiency.
Are de novo acute heart failure and acutely worsened chronic heart failure two subgroups of the same syndrome?
Authors: Banovic Marko , Vasiljevic-Pokrajcic Zorana , Vujisic-Tesic Bosiljka , Stankovic Sanja , Nedeljkovic Ivana , Petrovic Olga , Otasevic Petar , Boricic-Kostic Marija , Petrovic Milan , Trifunovic Danijela , Ostojic Miodrag
Published: May 2010

Introduction. Acute heart failure (AHF) is one of the most common diseases in emergency medicine, associated with poor prognosis and high in-hospital and long-term mortality. Objective. To investigate clinical presentation of patients with de novo AHF and acute worsening of chronic heart failure (CHF) and to identify differences in blood levels of biomarkers and echocardiography findings. Methods. This prospective study comprised 64 consecutive patients being grouped according to the onset of the disease into patients with the de novo AHF (45.3%), and patients with acute worsening of CHF (54.7%). Results. Acute congestion (60%) was the most common manifestation of de novo AHF, whereas pulmonary oedema (43.1%) was the most common manifestation of acutely decompensated CHF. Patients with acutely decompensated CHF had significantly higher blood values of creatinine (147.10 vs 113.16 ?mol/l; p<0.05), urea (12.63 vs 7.82 mmol/l; p<0.05), BNP (1440.11 vs 712.24 pg/ml; p<001) and NTproBNP (9097.00 vs 2827.70 pg/ml; p<0.01) on admission, and lower values of M-mode left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during hospitalization (49.44% vs 42.94%; p<0.05). The follow-up after one year revealed still significantly higher BNP (365.49 vs 164.02 pg/ ml; p<0.05) and lower average values of both LVEF in patients with acutely worsened CHF (46.62% vs 54.41% and 39.52% vs 47.88%; p<0.05). Conclusion. Considering differences in clinical severity on admission, echocardiography and natriuretic peptide values during hospitalization and after one year follow-up, de novo AHF and acutely worsened CHF are two different subgroups of the same syndrome.
Recurrence of atrial fibrillation after successful radiofrequency catheter ablation of accessory pathway in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Authors: Mujovic Nebojsa , Grujic Miodrag , Mrdja Stevan , Kocijancic Aleksandar , Vujisic-Tesic Bosiljka , Petrovic Milan , Potpara Tatjana , Mujovic Natasa
Published: May 2010

Introduction. Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) occurs in 11.5-39% of the patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome and frequently, but not always, disappears after successful accessory pathway (AP) ablation. Objective. To determine AF recurrence rate, time to AF recurrence and predictors of AF recurrence after radiofrequency (RF) catheter-ablation of AP in WPW-patients with AF. Methods. Data from 245 consecutive patients with WPW-syndrome who underwent RF catheter-ablation of AP were analyzed. A total of 52 patients (43 men, mean age: 42.5?14.1 years) with preablation history of spontaneous AF were followed up after definitive AP ablation. At baseline, structural heart disease and comorbidities were diagnosed in 19.2% and 21.2% of the patients, respectively. Results. During the follow-up of 5.2?3.7 years, 3 patients (5.7%) died; one of these patients, previously known for recurrent AF, died from ischaemic stroke. Symptomatic recurrence of AF was detected in 9 of 52 patients (17.3%). In 66.7% of these patients, AF recurrence was identified in the first year following the procedure. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that freedom from recurrent AF after 3 months was 94.2%, after 1 year 87.5% and after 4 years 84.3%. Univariate analysis showed that older age (p=0.023), presence of structural heart disease (p=0.05) and dilated left atrium (p=0.013) were significantly related to AF recurrence. However, using multivariate Cox regression, older age was the only independent predictor of AF recurrence (HR=2.44 for every life decade; p=0.006). Analysis of ROC curves showed that, after the age of 36, the risk of AF recurrence abruptly increased. Conclusion. Symptomatic recurrence of AF was detected in 17% of WPW-patients after definite RF ablation of AP. The timedependent occurrence of AF recurrences and age-dependent increase in the rate of AF recurrence were identified. Closer follow-up and/or extension of drug therapy in older patients, at least in the first year after the procedure, seem prudent.
Structural and functional characteristics of urinary tract in offspring of Balkan endemic nephropathy patients
Authors: Radisavljevic Snezana , Peco-Antic Amira , Kotur-Stevuljevic Jelena , Savic Olivera
Published: May 2010

Introduction. Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is a familial chronic progressive tubulointerstitial disease of unknown aetiology that occurs with high prevalence in endemic rural environments of Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Bulgaria and Romania. It has been documented only in adults. Objective. The aim of this study was to examine clinical markers of BEN in children and adolescent offspring of BEN patients. Methods. Prospective clinical trial involved two groups of children and adolescents: I consisted of 30 offspring of BEN patients and II of 29 offspring of non-BEN dialysis patients, both of them living in the same South Morava region of Serbia. All of them were healthy at the time of the investigation, not receiving any drugs. The study included personal and family history, physical examination, comprehensive laboratory analyses and renal ultrasound. Blood pressure (BP) was determined by using casual BP and 24 h ABPM in subjects older than 5 years. Urinary proteins were investigated by analysing microalbumin, alfa 1 microglobulin, beta 2 microglobulin and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. GFR was measured by estimated creatinine clearance and by serum Cystatin C concentrations. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, history of urinary tract infections or functional voiding disorders between these two groups. All of the studied subjects had normal BP and GFR. Renal ultrasound was abnormal only in BEN offspring (6.66%) as well as increased urine concentrations of microalbumin (3.3%), alpha 1 microglobulin (10%) and beta 2 microglobulin (13.3%) while low molecular protein (<66,000 D) was prevalent in BEN compared with non- BEN offspring (21.43% vs. 3.7%). Conclusion. Renal abnormalities in offspring of BEN patients may be an early marker of BEN. This has to be confirmed in long term follow-up of a greater number of BEN paediatric offspring.
Total fixation of cricoarytenoid joint of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and hashimoto thyroiditis
Authors: Stojanovic Stevan , Zivic Ljubica , Stojanovic Jasmina , Belic Branislav
Published: May 2010

Introduction. The incidence of cricoarytenoid joint fixation in case of rheumatoid arthritis is 17 to 33%. In later stages of rheumatoid arthritis, a gradual fixation of cricoarytenoid joint develops and both halves of the larynx become less movable which calls for endotracheal intubation; while total fixation of this joint demands surgical tracheotomy. Hashimoto thyroiditis can display symptoms which are difficult to distinguish from the ones present in total fixation of cricoarytenoid joint caused by rheumatoid arthritis. Case Outline. A 60-year-old woman in terminal stage of rheumatoid arthritis and Hashimoto thyroiditis, diagnosed after clinical and other examinations. She was treated for strident breathing with surgical tracheotomy. The microscopic examination of the larynx with the use of laryngoscopic pincers suggested the immovability of the right and very limited movability of the left arytenoid cartilage. A computerized endovideostroboscopy showed only passive vertical vibrating movements of the right vocal cord and irregular vibrations of the left vocal cord. Conclusion. Total fixation of the cricoarytenoid joint can be caused by many pathological processes, but so far references have shown no case of rheumatoid arthritis and Hashimoto thyroiditis. In differential diagnostics, one of many examinations is the microscopic examination of the larynx, but it is very important to determine the movability of the arytenoid cartilage with the use of appropriate instruments in total endotracheal anaesthesia while the patient is fully relaxed. Movements in cricoarytenoid joints in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis and the same conditions are preserved.
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator oversensing due to electric shock
Authors: Jurcevic Ruzica , Angelkov Lazar , Vukajlovic Dejan , Ristic Velibor , Tomovic Milosav , Djukanovic Bosko
Published: May 2010

Introduction. We described the first case of oversensing due to electric shock in Serbia, in a 54-year-old man who had implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Case Outline. In July 2002, the patient had acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction and ventricular fibrillation (VF) which was terminated with six defibrillation shocks of 360 J. Coronary angiography revealed 30% stenosis of circumflex artery, the left anterior descending coronary artery was recanalized and the right coronary artery was without stenosis. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 20%. In December 2003, an electrophysiology study was performed and ventricular tachycardia (VT) was induced and terminated with 200 J defibrillation shock. Single chamber ICD Medtronic Gem III VR was implanted in January 2004 and defibrillation threshold was 12 J. The patient was followed up during three years every three months and there were no VT/VF episodes and VT/VF therapies. In December 2007, the patient experienced electric shock through the fork while he was making barbecue on the electric grill. ICD recognized this event in VF zone (oversensing) and delivered defibrillation shock of 18 J. The electrogram of the episode showed ventricular sensing - intrinsic sinus rhythm with electric shock potentials which were misidentified as VF. After charge time of 3.16 seconds, ICD delivered defibrillation shock and sinus rhythm was still present. Conclusion. Oversensing of ICD has different aetiology and the most common cause is supraventricular tachyarrhythmia.
Experimental evaluation of internal heat exchanger influence on R-22 window air conditioner retrofitted with R-407C
Authors: Vijayan Raghavan , Srinivasan Pss
Published: May 2010

The performance of one ton of refrigeration window air conditioner working with R-22 and retrofitted with eco friendly alternative refrigerant R-407C is experimentally investigated An internal heat exchanger is also added to the same air conditioner to provide liquid overfeeding operation. When retrofitting the R-22 system with R-407C, the coefficient of performance is found to drop by 7.28%, however when internal heat exchanger is included the performance is improved. It is observed that the inclusion of internal heat exchanger has increased the coefficient of performance by 5.86% when running on R-22 and 6.18% when running on R-407C, under the given conditions.
Limits for thermal conductivity of nanofluids
Authors: Murugesan Chandrasekar , Sivan Suresh
Published: May 2010

Nanofluids have offered challenges to thermal engineers and attracted many researchers over the past decade to determine the reasons for anomalous enhancement of thermal conductivity in them. Experiments on measurement of nanofluid thermal conductivity have ended in a large degree of randomness and scatter in their values. Hence in this paper, lower and upper limits for thermal conductivity of nanofluids are developed. The upper limit is estimated by coupling heat transfer mechanisms like particle shape, Brownian motion and nanolayer while the lower limit is based on Maxwell's equation. Experimental data from a range of independent published sources is used for validation of the developed limits.
MHD free convection-radiation interaction along a vertical surface embedded in Darcian porous medium in presence of Soret and Dufour's effects
Authors: Tak Shyam , Mathur Rajeev , Gehlot Rohit , Khan Aiyub
Published: May 2010

The effects of thermal radiation and magnetic field on heat and mass transfer characteristics of natural convection about a vertical surface embedded in a saturated Darcian porous medium has been investigated taking into account the Soret and Dufour effects. The Rosseland approximation for the radiative heat flux is used in the energy equation. It is found that the similarity solution exists in the present case. The resulting set of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations is solved numerically using shooting technique. Dimensionless velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are presented graphically for various values of radiation parameter and the Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are tabulated for different values of the involved parameters. It is found that the Nusselt number increases and Sherwood number decreases as the radiation parameter increases but both the Nusselt number and Sherwood number decrease as the magnetic field parameter increases.
Theoretical-experimental determining of cooling time (t8/5) in hard facing of steels for forging dies
Authors: Lazic Vukic , Sedmak Aleksandar , Zivkovic Miroslav , Aleksandrovic Srbislav , Cukic Rajko , Jovicic Radomir , Ivanovic Ivana
Published: May 2010

This paper investigates the accuracy of analytical, empirical, and numerical expressions, i. e. the most favourable methods for calculating the cooling time from 800 to 500?C (t8/5). The degree of accuracy of time t8/5 is very significant, because it determines the cooling rate, and consequently the structural changes in heat affected zone for hard faced layers. Based on the presented results, one can conclude that the finite element method provides the best conformity with the experiment and among analytical and empirical formulas the same goes for the expression of Japanese authors, for the case of hard facing of plane and prismatic parts.
The heterogeneity of cell subtypes from a primary culture of human amniotic fluid
Authors: Zhang Shengli , Geng Hongquan , Xie Hua , Wu Qiquan , Ma Xiaorong , Zhou Junmei , Chen Fang
Published: May 2010

Heterogeneous human amniotic fluid contains various cell types. Herein, we report on the possibility of simultaneously isolating three subtypes of cells from one primary culture. Using a stainless steel instrument named a colony poculum, two of the three cell subtypes could be efficiently cultured, and these were further characterized. The results indicated that these two cell subtypes had different morphologies and were characterized by different cell marker expression profiles, including the differential expression of CD105, CD117 and EBAF. Furthermore, their gene expression array data revealed their different gene expression profiles. Although both cell types expressed several embryonic stem cell-specific markers, they were non-tumorigenic in vivo. This paper not only provides new insight into the heterogeneity of human amniotic fluid, it also presents a simple yet efficient cell isolation method. These results will contribute to the thorough investigation of the properties and potential future applications of human amniotic fluid-derived cells.
Effects of aluminium (Al3+) on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Alamgir ANM , Akhter Sufia
Published: May 2010

Effects of different concentrations of aluminium (Al3+) on seed germination of high yielding varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated. Al3+ at 500 ppm had inhibitory effect on seed germination, seedling growth and its dry matter. Relatively higher root and shoot dry matter in Sonlika, Fang-60 and lower in Baw-923 and Protiva were found. Root growth of Fang-60 and shoot growth of all except Akbar, Gourab and Protiva were stimulated at low concentration (10 ppm). Root growth was more susceptible to Al3+ stress than that of shoot. Key words: Aluminium stress; Seedling growth; Tolerance index; Wheat; Triticum aestivum DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i1.5111 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(1): 1-6, 2009 (June)
Bacterial load and chemical pollution level of the River Buriganga, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Mihir Lal , Khan Mahbubar Rahman , Ali Mohammad , Hoque Sirajul
Published: May 2010

The River Buriganga is the life line of the Dhaka city and flanked in its southern side. The aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count of the River Buriganga was found to be in the range of 1.0 × 105 to 42.0 × 105cfu/ml while enteric bacterial counts on SS agar and MacConkey agar were 0.1 × 104 to 39.0 × 104cfu/ml and 0.3 × 103 to 3.5 × 104cfu/ml samples, respectively. Out of 74 isolates, 5 Gram-positive (22%) and 18 Gram-negative (78%) bacteria were randomly selected for detailed study. Bacillus was the dominant among the Gram-positive bacteria. Eighteen Gram-negative enteric isolates belonged to the genera Enterobacter (E. amnigenus and E. intermedium (44%), Alcaligenes (28%), Salmonella (17%), Escherichia (5.6%) and Plesiomonas) (5.6%). The NO3 -- N, NO2 -- N and phosphorus concentrations were found to be below the safety level from pollution point of view. BOD and COD values along with the presence of different bacteria clearly indicated that the River Buriganga was polluted with the organic, chemical and bacterial pollutants. Key words: Bacteria; Buriganga River; Enteric bacteria; Pollution; Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i1.5128 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(1): 87-91, 2009 (June)
Effects of growth regulators on root tip cells of onion
Authors: Ud-Deen Md Mosleh , Kabir Golam
Published: May 2010

Cell size and mitotic index were decreased with increasing concentrations of growth regulators such as GA3, uniconazole, chlorocholine chloride (CCC) and 2,3,6-TBA while nuclear volume, interphase chromosome volume and abnormalities were found to increase during division of onion root tip cells. Formation of chromosome fragments, bridges, laggards, single and multiple chromatid bridges, irregular distribution and unequal separation of chromosomes were visualized as the main effects due to the application of these growth regulators. Key words: Growth regulators; Onion; Root tip cell; Chromosome abnormalities DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i1.5130 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(1): 55-63, 2009 (June)
Morphology, anatomy and ecology of critically endangered endemic Crocus pestalozzae Boiss. (Iridaceae) in North-West Turkey
Authors: Kandemir Nezahat
Published: May 2010

Morphology, anatomy and ecology of endemic species Crocus pestalozzae Boiss. (Iridaceae), have been investigated during flowering period in early spring. The bulbous plant grows in moist heath, meadowland and rocky areas in the North-West of Turkey. Morphological properties of plant parts have been described in detail. Transverse sections of roots, stems and leaves have been illustrated and the anatomical characters of arms, keel, papillae, mesophyll and vascular bundles of leaf have been described. Population status of the plant has also been determined.   Key words: Crocus pestalozzae Boiss.; Endemic; Morphology; Anatomy; Ecology; Turkey   DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i2.5136 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(2): 127-132, 2009 (December)
Anatomy and palynology of Salvia verticillata subsp. verticillata L. (Lamiaceae), a red-listed species in Turkey
Authors: Koyuncu Onur , Erkara Ismühan Potoglu , Ardiç Murat
Published: May 2010

Salvia verticillata L. subsp. verticillata has four cornered stem with 5-6 layers of collenchyma cells inside the epidermis. The pith is parenchymatous. In the leaf mesophyll, the palisade and spongy parenchyma cells were of similar shape. The leaf was amphistomatious. The plant was amaryllis mesomorphic and anisocytic type of stomata. The pollen grains were suboblate-subprolate and stephanocolpate. Exine was seen to be tectate-granulate.
Antibacterial Activities of a New Brominated Diterpene from Borneon Laurencia spp.
Authors: Vairappan Charles Santhanaraju , Ishii Takahiro , Lee Tan Kai , Suzuki Minoru , Zhaoqi Zhan
Published: May 2010

In our continuous interest to study the diversity of halogenated metabolites of Malaysian species of the red algal genus Laurencia, we examined the chemical composition of five populations of unrecorded Laurencia sp. A new brominated diterpene, 10-acetoxyangasiol (1), and four other known metabolites, aplysidiol (2), cupalaurenol (3), 1-methyl-2,3,5-tribromoindole (4), and chamigrane epoxide (5), were isolated and identified. Isolated metabolites exhibited potent antibacterial activities against clinical bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella sp. and Vibrio cholerae.
Cobalt Complexes as Antiviral and Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Chang Eddie L. , Simmers Christa , Knight D. Andrew
Published: May 2010

Metal ion complexes are playing an increasing role in the development of antimicrobials. We review here the antimicrobial properties of cobalt coordination complexes in oxidation state 3+. In addition to reviewing the cobalt complexes containing polydentate donor ligands, we also focus on the antimicrobial activity of the homoleptic [Co(NH3)6]3+ ion.
Les statistiques criminelles et la recherche. Réflexions conceptuelles
Authors: Robert Philippe
Published: May 2010

De zgn. kriminele statistieken vormen een geheel van gegevens waarop men vrij regelmatig beroep doet, maar niet steeds op het juiste ogenblik. Schrijver tracht te verduidelijken volgens welke regels men die statistieken op een juiste manier kan gebruiken. Hij toont aan, door het onderzoek der omstandigheden van hun totstandkoming, dat zij geen meetinstrument voor misdadigheid kunnen zijn. Daar zij statistieken zijn m.b.t. de produktie van strafrechtsbedeling moeten zij dan ook enkel en alleen gebruikt worden om dat strafrechtssysteem te ontleden.
Les enseignements d'une recherche exploratoire : l'image de la justice pénale au Québec
Authors: Levy René , Zauberman Renée
Published: May 2010

Vertrekkend vanuit een vergelijking tussen zekere resultaten van het exploratief kwalitatief onderzoek "het beeld van de strafrechtsbedeling in Quebec" en deze van het onderzoek van dezelfde aard, uitgevoerd in Frankrijk door het SEPC, tonen de auteurs het nut en de specifieke bijdrage aan van dit soort onderzoek binnen de sociologie van de voorstellingen. Het laat inderdaad toe de organisatie van de voorstellingen, eigen aan iedere kultuur, te identifie eren, hetgeen de gewone overname of zelfs de aanpassing van een gestandardiseerd en a-priori uitgewerkt instrument niet toelaat te verwezenlijken. De auteurs trekken er besluiten uit wat betreft het opzetten van transkultureel onderzoek op dit domein.
La violence au hockey : une contingence de carrière, des impératifs organisationnels
Authors: Poupart J.
Published: May 2010

Réalisée à partir d'une cinquantaine d'entretiens semi-directifs, cette étude analyse l'expérience des joueurs de hockey sur glace amateurs de la Ligue Junior Majeure du Québec (16 à 19 ans) du point de vue des circonstances de leur implication dans la violence. Elle met en relief l'importance de comprendre leurs actions dans le cadre général des stratégies mises de l'avant par les organisations (équipes) de hockey qui les prennent en charge, dans le cadre particulier des stratégies de carrière qu 'ils élaborent et dans le cadre des adaptations quotidiennes que requiert l'obligation de faire face à des situations problématiques. Elle rejette les interprétations basées sur les théories de la personnalité ou sur les théories sous-culturelles. Elle permet en outre d'illustrer la manière dont certains groupes sociaux, tout en adoptant des comportements relativement semblables, en arrivent à échapper à la stigmatisation sociale.
Les origines de l'appareil policier moderne en Europe de l'Ouest continentale
Authors: Fijnaut C.
Published: May 2010

Cet article se veut une contribution à l'étude du développement de l'appareil policier actuel en Europe de l'Ouest continentale. La réorganisation de la police française pendant le 17e et 18e siècle et la formation de la police moderne en Angleterre dans la première moitié du 19e siècle y sont examinées. Sur la base de cette recherche, les caractéristiques générales de l'appareil policier moderne sont définies et il est indiqué comment l'établissement de cet appareil peut être expliqué.
La justice en question en France à la fin de l'ancien régime
Authors: Castan Nicole
Published: May 2010

Die Justiz wird in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts in Frage gestellt, dariiber kann kein Zweifel bestehen. Aufklärer, Philosophen, Publizisten und andere wetteifern bei der Anklage sowohl der mangelnden Kodifikation mit ihrem Gegenstück, der richterlichen Willkur, als auch des geheimen und verworrenen Untersuchungsverfahrens, in dem der Angeklagte keinen Rechtsanwalt hat, aber der Folter ausgesetzt ist. Dariiber hinaus wird mit gleicher Kraft die Inkoharenz und die Barbarei der exemplarischen Bestrafung angefochten. Dies ailes ist ermessbar. Aber besteht nicht die fur den Historiker interessant Frage darin, diese Praktiken in den politischen, administrativen und weltanschaulischen Kontext dieser Zeit einzufiigen, in der auch auf dem aus der Revolution hervorgegangenen Regime Zwänge und enge Grenzen lasten ?
Alphonse de Candolle ou pourquoi lire un botaniste égaré dans la statistique judiciaire au début du XIXe siècle
Authors: Bomio G. , Robert Ch.-N.
Published: May 2010

A. de Candolle, jurist van vorming, maar beroemd voor zijn werken over plantkunde, publiceert in 1830 en 1832 commentaren die dij hem opkomen na lezing van de eerste « Comptes Généraux de l'Administration de la Justice Criminelle » in Frankrijk. De analytische en methodische geest van deze verstrikte wetenschapsmens laat hem tow onmiddelijk de grenzen voor het gebruik van zulke gegevens in het licht te stellen en de redenen te verduidelijken welke verhinderen uit deze gegevens gelijk welk besluit te trekken m.b.t. een ngewikkelde sociale werkelijkheid. Hij is de eerste om ondubbelzinnig te stellen dat « het totaal aantal misdaden en misdrijven van elke soort niet kan gekend worden. Deze teksten, die stammen uit de tijd van de eerste criminele statistieken, terug in herinnering te brengen, is vra- gen stellen omtrent de redenen van het stilzwijgen en de duisternis waar- mee binnen de criminologie gedurende bijna een eeuw het verborgen getal omhuld blijft.
Travail au noir et position socio-économique
Authors: Van Outrive Lode , Cuypers Johan
Published: May 2010

The article is the report of a study into the structural and policy-factors that do or do not enhance at least two types of moonlichting in Belgium during the eighties: the evasion of the labour legislation and of the social security contributions and fraud concerning unemployment benefits. After analysing the socio-economic and political context (the policy concerning the flexibility, the précarisation of labour, the disciplinarisation of the labour force), the researchers examined on the basis of statistics and files the functioning of two inspection services in three areas (Leuven, Antwerpen, Hasselt): it's about the Inspection of Social Legislation and the control by the Administration of Employment and Unemployment. The analysis reveals that the government policy as well as the functioning of the inspection and control services in no way stop moonlighting and even legitimize the unequal socio-economic positions of employers and employees.
La construction sociale des lois criminelles : l'expérience canadienne concernant l'ivresse au volant
Authors: Lebeuf Marcel-Eugène
Published: May 2010

In Canada werd het besturen van een voertuig in dronken toestand voor het eerst strafbaar gesteld in 1921. Belangrijke wijzigingen in het Strafwetboek gebeurden achtereenvolgens in de jaren 50, 60 en 80. De uitwerking en de realisatie van deze strafwetten worden uiteengezet, rekening houdend met de aard van de wetswijzigingen en met de opvattingen van de wetgevers en de doelen die men zich voor ogen heeft gesteld.
L'insécurité: entre crime et citoyenneté
Authors: Roche Sebastian
Published: May 2010

Concern with crime was able to become an issue of national priority as it poses simultaneously the question of collective identities and of personal safety. Concern about crime involves the dennunciation of the disappearance of safety in relation to others. As the condition without which no peacefull modern society can exist, the safety, seen as harmlessness of interactions, is evaluated in terms of cultural background which supports the habitual practice of civility. The implications of concerns about crime, call attention to the following problems: the definition of right to safety, the extension of security issues and the necessity for the state or the people to struggle against what is considered violent.
Le rapport psychologique à la loi, au crime et à la peine dans la masse atomisée et la communauté émotionnelle, à partir de la théorie freudienne
Authors: Barbance Maryse
Published: May 2010

Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons au rapport psychologique du sujet à la loi, au crime et à la peine dans les deux types de groupes sociaux que la pensée sociale de Freud nous a permis de différencier. Nous soutenons que dans le premier groupe, la masse atomisée, où les rapports sociaux en sont de domination, fondés sur l'agressivité agie vers l'extérieur, — la véritable violence ne s'exprime pas tant dans le crime que dans la loi devenue instrument de pouvoir parce qu'appropriée dans la violence par quelques-uns. Ici la loi est au service de la pulsion de mort et, inversement, le crime paraît œuvrer au service de la pulsion de vie. Quant à la peine, elle ne serait pas tant réactive à des actes interdits, qu'agression proactive propre à créer des boucs émissaires. La communauté émotionnelle, au contraire, qui repose sur des rapports libidinaux idéalisés, est fondée sur le retournement de l'agressivité contre le soi et les désirs libidinaux, sous la forme du surmoi et de la culpabilité. La loi est ici celle de l'Autorité idéalisée, intériorisée et subie qui travaille au service du social mais aux dépens du bonheur individuel. Elle n'est donc que partiellement au service de la pulsion de vie tandis que le crime qui consiste dans le passage à l'acte des désirs refoulés, s'il est sans doute de l'ordre de la pulsion de mort en tant qu'expression agie de l'agressivité, il relève aussi de la pulsion de vie en tant qu'expression du désir. Dans ce type de communauté, la peine consisterait ulti- mement dans le pardon.
Friedrich Nietzsche et l'image du criminel dégénéré
Authors: Stingelin Martin
Published: May 2010

Het onderzoek gaat de stelling na of Nietzsches lectuur van de door zijn tijd- genoten geschreven leren over de misdadiger en de misdaad een strategische plaats hebben in zijn «généalogie». Deze stelling wordt nagetrokken aan de hand van Nietzsches mening over de verschillende types van delinquenten. Tenslotte werden deze veronderstellingen ook in de konteskst van Nietzsches »semiologie» nagetrokken.
Le contrôle social: privatisation et technocratie
Authors: Brodeur Jean-Paul
Published: May 2010

A first part of this paper proposes a conceptual analysis of the private/public dichotomy. The rise in private security's staff and budget opens the way for a new deal in the field of security, the lion's share being handed out to the private sector. In the second part, theoretical criticism limits the range of the above statement. Nevertheless, even if the privatization of social control does not constitute a change of paradigm, it still bears numerous consequences pertaining to the criminal justice system. Finally, taking into account all aspects of private security - its technological dimensions in particular - should lead us to acknowledge not only a multiplication and a dispersal of the agents of social control, but a redefinition of its operation as risk management.
Les origines de la statistique pénale en Belgique (1795-1835)
Authors: Rousseaux Xavier , Stevens Frédéric , Tixhon Axel
Published: May 2010

Like many territories, « Belgian » territories had known a considerable amount of political mutations during the period 1780-1830: these regions had known brutal mutations from Ancien Regime principalities to French revolutionary Republic, then from Napoleonic Empire to a monarchic restoration (Kingdom of Netherlands), and finally to a parliamentary regime in 1830. Nevertheless, a constant interest for statistics had been demonstrated by the authorities. At each stage, the management, the targets and the techniques had been refined. The building of a modern judicial system was one of the principal function of the emerging State. The State interest was particularly focused on statistical analysis of justice administration. Moreover, the State tried to use the statistical tool as an instrument of legitimisation of his action. At the beginning of the Belgian Indépendance, certain academics had even used the first statistical published material to study the organisation of society and to support the first criminological theories.
Les mutations de la discipline scolaire. Négociation des règles et résolution des conflits dans quatre établissements contrastés
Authors: Verhoeven M.
Published: May 2010

This article presents some results from a PhD thesis on school normative regulation, looking at the ways in which norms are produced, negotiated and sanctioned in schools. The process is examined through the issue of school discipline, analysed using four dimensions: the way in which rules and control are produced; conflict resolution modes; the ways in which pupils relate to the norms; and their conception of justice in schools. The author suggests this mode of regulation is anti-formalist (questioning formal rules) and post-conventional (against the integrative functions of schools).
Le Bon-Pasteur angevin et la législation sur le travail des enfants au XIXe siècle
Authors: Taron Patrick
Published: May 2010

The legislation protecting children at work excluded charitable institutions of its provisions. The conviction of the Bon-Pasteur of Cholet in 1888 was certainly one of the levers through which the 1892 law was extended to all places of work. The mother house, founded in Angers, was, in the last century a place of refuge for many disgraced girls who, under the guise of the apprenticeship, were mainly used as obedient, free labour. In addition, the 1850 legislation allowed this institution to profit from the subsidizing granted by the Correction's administration on behalf of young detainees placed there from 1852 to 1885.
Usages et trafics de drogues en milieux populaires
Authors: Duprez Dominique , Kokoreff Michel
Published: May 2010

Illicit activity linked to drug usage is seen in this research in terms of careers. Analysis of the interactions at the heart of deviant careers is placed alongside that of the social logic which produces a favourable climate for the diffusion and expansion of the drugs economy in poor areas. Using criminal records and interviews about careers from a study in the metropolitan area of Lille and in two communes of Hauts-de-Seine, France, the article examines two particular aspects : the characteristics of user careers and those of trafficking careers. The results underline the fact that the drug economy is not simply a means to 'turn off in the face of poverty, but that it also includes social and symbolic dimensions which are closely linked to the particular urban contexts studied.