bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The demise of social partnership or a balanced recovery? The crisis and collective bargaining in Slovakia
Authors: Kahancová Marta
Published: April 2013

This article analyses the effects the crisis is having on collective bargaining processes, outcomes and institutions in national and sectoral negotiations in the Slovak Republic. It argues that the crisis has had no effect on the continuing demise of social partnership and on trade union marginalization at national level. At sectoral level, the crisis helped two highly organized sectors from the private and public domains of the Slovak economy – the metalworking and health care sectors – consolidate their bargaining institutions, though without bargaining outcomes improving trade union positions. Consolidation has been achieved through procedural changes to bargaining specific to each sector: intensified bargaining as a result of social partners’ common interest in anti-crisis employment measures in the metalworking sector; and the associational strength of trade unions and employer organizations despite escalating post-crisis wage disputes in the health care sector. Sector-level bargaining has thus contributed to a balanced recovery from the crisis more than national-level social dialogue.
Examining the Impact of Peer and Family Belongingness on the Career Decision-making Difficulties of Young Adults
Authors: Slaten Christopher D. , Baskin Thomas W.
Published: April 2013

Career decision making continues to be a major area of research, particularly related to the factors that influence the construct. The purpose of this study was to examine a hypothesized model predicting the relationships between career decision-making difficulties and perceived belongingness, specifically peer and family belongingness. Participants included 436 undergraduates, who completed measures of belongingness, psychological distress, academic motivation, and career decision-making difficulties. The researchers conjectured that peer and family belongingness would each be indirectly associated with career decision-making difficulties as mediated by academic motivation and psychological distress. Overall, fit indices supported the hypothesized model but indicated different outcomes for family and peer belongingness. Family belongingness was significantly related to career decision-making difficulties, while peer belonging was not significantly associated to any variable in the hypothesized model. Practical implications are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.
Getting Started with Research ‘Beginning: Defining a Research Question and Preparing a Research Plan’
Authors: Browne Jacinta E
Published: April 2013

Research is the lifeblood of medicine, with innovations being made in the different technologies used to diagnose and/or screen for the presence of disease or to deliver treatments with higher efficacy. Scientific publication is the network of vessels which delivers the lifeblood. The outputs of research provide us with tomorrow's medicine. In this series of articles we will be discussing the different aspects of carrying out research, from the conception of the research idea to publication in a peer reviewed journal, with the cycle repeating again with new research ideas emerging from the research conducted.
Advancement in living probabilistic safety assessment to increase safety of nuclear power plants
Authors: Zubair Muhammad , Heo Gyunyoung
Published: April 2013

Among the energy resources, the energy obtained from nuclear power plants is very important for the prosperity of any country. Living probabilistic safety assessment is a growing field that provides a high level of safety for nuclear power plants. Living probabilistic safety assessment consists of different techniques, among them this article presents a method to update reliability data. This method is based on Binomial likelihood function and its conjugate beta distribution for demand failure probability, and Poisson likelihood function and its conjugate gamma distribution for operational failure rate. The method uses generic data for beta and gamma prior distribution, which is updated by using the reliability data update method. Reliability data update is a computer-based program used to update nuclear power plant data according to changing conditions. By updating the living probabilistic safety assessment it is possible to get an online risk monitor system that can be helpful in severe accident conditions, as in Fukushima accident, to make the man–machine system friendly.
A novel presentation of renal cell carcinoma 23 years after radical nephrectomy
Authors: Iskander Morkos , Patrick Nina , Mistry Rahul
Published: April 2013

A 65-year-old man presented with a rapidly enlarging pre-auricular lump, with pruritis and contact bleeding. The patient was referred to dermatology due to the high index of suspicion for malignancy. Following excision of the lump and histological analysis it was found to be a metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. The patient had had a T1bN0M0 renal cell carcinoma excised over two decades previously, representing low risk disease. This case report highlights the need for a high index of suspicion in the management of all patients with a past history of malignancy.
Case report of penile corporal Fournier's gangrene
Authors: Gumber Ashtosh O , Khafagy Richard , Morgan Russell , Robertson Andrew S , Hawkyard Simon J
Published: April 2013

Fournier's gangrene is a severe necrotising infection of the perineum. It is believed that the thick penile fascia restricts the penetration of infection and spares the internal structures. We present an unusual case of a 59-year-old apparently healthy man presenting with penile corporal Fournier's gangrene with no known predisposing or precipitating factors. His initial presentation was peno-scrotal pain, swelling and priapism with normal-looking skin surrounding his genitals. After the imaging studies, he was discovered with gas in his genital tissues which was leading to the priapism. Upon debridement his corporal muscle was found to be necrosed and he ended up having a penectomy. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. The patient, however, made a good recovery and was referred to the plastic surgeons for functional reconstructive surgery.
Want Changes in Content?
Authors: Hardin Marie
Published: April 2013

In this commentary reflecting on trends in covering women’s sports on television news reported in Cooky, Messner, and Hextrum’s article “Women Play Sport, But Not on TV: A Longitudinal Study of Televised News Media,” Marie Hardin looks for change by exploring the gender composition of sports newsrooms and how changes in coverage of women’s sports may be integrally linked to an increase of women as sports news decision makers. She argues that for the coverage of women’s sports to increase and be framed in a more positive light, the sports newsroom must move beyond being a last bastion of hegemonic masculinity and that women, as decision makers, must reach a critical mass to meaningfully impact the culture and values of the sports journalism work environment. Hardin closes by considering the opportunity and obligation for university journalism programs to facilitate change in the reporting of women’s sports by advocating for better opportunities for women sports reporters and by educating journalism students about the importance of diversity in the sports workplace.
Retracted Article: Coupled fixed point theorems without continuity and mixed monotone property
Authors: Vats Ramesh Kumar , Sihag Vizender , Cho Yeol Je
Published: April 2013

In this paper, we generalize some coupled fixed point theorems for the mixed monotone operators

F
:
X
×
X
→
X

obtained in (Choudhury and Maity in Math. Comput. Model., 2011, doi:10.1016/j.mcm.2011.01.036) by significantly weakening the contractive condition involved and by replacing the mixed monotone property with another property which is automatically satisfied in the case of a totally ordered space. The proof follows a different and more natural new technique recently introduced by Berinde (Nonlinear Anal. 74:7347-7355, 2011). The example demonstrates that our main result is an actual improvement over the results which are generalized.

MSC:47H10, 54H25.
Predictors of persistent symptoms and reduced quality of life in treated coeliac disease patients: a large cross-sectional study
Authors: Paarlahti Pilvi , Kurppa Kalle , Ukkola Anniina , Collin Pekka , Huhtala Heini , Mäki Markku , Kaukinen Katri
Published: April 2013

Background

Evidence suggests that many coeliac disease patients suffer from persistent clinical symptoms and reduced health-related quality of life despite a strict gluten-free diet. We aimed to find predictors for these continuous health concerns in long-term treated adult coeliac patients.

Methods

In a nationwide study, 596 patients filled validated Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale and Psychological General Well-Being questionnaires and were interviewed regarding demographic data, clinical presentation and treatment of coeliac disease, time and place of diagnosis and presence of coeliac disease-associated or other co-morbidities. Dietary adherence was assessed by a combination of self-reported adherence and serological tests. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by binary logistic regression.

Results

Diagnosis at working age, long duration and severity of symptoms before diagnosis and presence of thyroidal disease, non-coeliac food intolerance or gastrointestinal co-morbidity increased the risk of persistent symptoms. Patients with extraintestinal presentation at diagnosis had fewer current symptoms than subjects with gastrointestinal manifestations. Impaired quality of life was seen in patients with long duration of symptoms before diagnosis and in those with psychiatric, neurologic or gastrointestinal co-morbidities. Patients with persistent symptoms were more likely to have reduced quality of life.

Conclusions

There were a variety of factors predisposing to increased symptoms and impaired quality of life in coeliac disease. Based on our results, early diagnosis of the condition and consideration of co-morbidities may help in resolving long-lasting health problems in coeliac disease.
What is the easier and more reliable dose calculation for ivPhenytoin in children at risk of developing convulsive status epilepticus, 18 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg?
Authors: Prasad Manish , Shenton Priya , Dietz Sanne , Saroha Vivek , Whitehouse William P
Published: April 2013

Background

With the Convulsive Status Guidelines due for renewal, we wondered if a phenytoin dose of ‘20 mg/kg’ would be easier to calculate correctly and therefore safer than the current ‘18 mg/kg’. An educational exercise in dose calculation was therefore undertaken to assess ease of calculation.

Method

A standard question paper was prepared, comprising five clinical scenarios with children of varying ages and estimated body weights. Medical students, trainee doctors at registrar and senior house officer level, and consultant paediatricians were asked to complete the exercise, in private, by one of two medical students (SD, PS). Calculations were done with and without a calculator, for 18 mg/kg and for 20 mg/kg in randomised order. Speed and errors (greater than 10%) were determined. The data analysis was performed using SPSS version 18.

Results

All answered all 20 scenarios, giving a total of 300 answers per doctor/student group, and 300 answers per type of calculation. When comparing the 2 doses, the numbers of errors more than 10% were significantly less in 20 mg/kg dose (0.33%) as compared to the 18 mg/kg dose (9.3%) (p<0.0001). Speed off calculation was significantly decreased in 20 mg/kg dose when compared with 18 mg/kg dose, with (p<0.001) or without (p<0.0001) the calculator. Speed was more than halved and errors were much less frequent by using a calculator, for the 18 mg/kg dose but no difference with or without the calculator for 20 mg/kg dose.

Conclusion

We recommend that the future guidelines should suggest iv Phenytoin at 20 mg/kg rather than 18 mg/kg. This will make the calculation easier and reduce the risk of significant errors.
A rapid stability-indicating, fused-core HPLC method for simultaneous determination of β-artemether and lumefantrine in anti-malarial fixed dose combination products
Authors: Suleman Sultan , Vandercruyssen Kirsten , Wynendaele Evelien , D’Hondt Matthias , Bracke Nathalie , Duchateau Luc , Burvenich Christian , Peremans Kathelijne , De Spiegeleer Bart
Published: April 2013

Background

Artemisinin-based fixed dose combination (FDC) products are recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) as a first-line treatment. However, the current artemisinin FDC products, such as β-artemether and lumefantrine, are inherently unstable and require controlled distribution and storage conditions, which are not always available in resource-limited settings. Moreover, quality control is hampered by lack of suitable analytical methods. Thus, there is a need for a rapid and simple, but stability-indicating method for the simultaneous assay of β-artemether and lumefantrine FDC products.

Methods

Three reversed-phase fused-core HPLC columns (Halo RP-Amide, Halo C18 and Halo Phenyl-hexyl), all thermostated at 30°C, were evaluated. β-artemether and lumefantrine (unstressed and stressed), and reference-related impurities were injected and chromatographic parameters were assessed. Optimal chromatographic parameters were obtained using Halo RP-Amide column and an isocratic mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 1mM phosphate buffer pH 3.0 (52:48; V/V) at a flow of 1.0 ml/min and 3 μl injection volume. Quantification was performed at 210 nm and 335 nm for β-artemether and for lumefantrine, respectively. In-silico toxicological evaluation of the related impurities was made using Derek Nexus v2.0®.

Results

Both β-artemether and lumefantrine were separated from each other as well as from the specified and unspecified related impurities including degradants. A complete chromatographic run only took four minutes. Evaluation of the method, including a Plackett-Burman robustness verification within analytical QbD-principles, and real-life samples showed the method is suitable for quantitative assay purposes of both active pharmaceutical ingredients, with a mean recovery relative standard deviation (± RSD) of 99.7 % (± 0.7%) for β-artemether and 99.7 % (± 0.6%) for lumefantrine. All identified β-artemether-related impurities were predicted in Derek Nexus v2.0® to have toxicity risks similar to β-artemether active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) itself.

Conclusions

A rapid, robust, precise and accurate stability-indicating, quantitative fused-core isocratic HPLC method was developed for simultaneous assay of β-artemether and lumefantrine. This method can be applied in the routine regulatory quality control of FDC products. The in-silico toxicological investigation using Derek Nexus® indicated that the overall toxicity risk for β-artemether-related impurities is comparable to that of β-artemether API.
The microtubule stabilizer patupilone counteracts ionizing radiation-induced matrix metalloproteinase activity and tumor cell invasion
Authors: Furmanova-Hollenstein Polina , Broggini-Tenzer Angela , Eggel Matthias , Millard Anne-Laure , Pruschy Martin
Published: April 2013

Background

Ionizing radiation (IR) in combination with microtubule stabilizing agents (MSA) is a promising combined treatment modality. Supra-additive treatment responses might result from direct tumor cell killing and cooperative indirect, tumor cell-mediated effects on the tumor microenvironment. Here we investigated deregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, as an important component of the tumor microenvironment, by the combined treatment modality of IR with the clinically relevant MSA patupilone.

Methods

Expression, secretion and activity of MMPs and related tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were determined in cell extracts and conditioned media derived from human fibrosarcoma HT1080 and human glioblastoma U251 tumor cells in response to treatment with IR and the MSA patupilone. Treatment-dependent changes of the invasive capacities of these tumor cell lines were analysed using a Transwell invasion assay. Control experiments were performed using TIMP-directed siRNA and TIMP-directed inhibitory antibodies.

Results

Enzymatic activity of secreted MMPs was determined after treatment with patupilone and irradiation in the human fibrosarcoma HT1080 and the human glioblastoma U251 tumor cell line. IR enhanced the activity of secreted MMPs up to 2-fold and cellular pretreatment with low dose patupilone (0.05-0.2 nM) counteracted specifically the IR-induced MMP activity. The cell invasive capacity of HT1080 and U251 cells was increased after irradiation with 2 Gy by 30% and 50%, respectively, and patupilone treatment completely abrogated IR-induced cell invasion. Patupilone did not alter the level of MMP expression, but interestingly, the protein level of secreted TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 was lower after combined treatment than after irradiation treatment alone. Furthermore, siRNA depletion of TIMP-1 or TIMP-2 prevented IR-mediated induction of MMP activity and cell invasion.

Conclusions

These results indicate that patupilone counteracts an IR-induced MMP activation process by the reduction of secreted TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 proteins, which are required for activation of MMPs. Since IR-induced MMP activity could contribute to tumor progression, treatment combination of IR with patupilone might be of great clinical benefit for tumor therapy.
Clinicopathological study of glomerular diseases associated with sarcoidosis: a multicenter study
Authors: Stehlé Thomas , Joly Dominique , Vanhille Philippe , Boffa Jean-Jacques , Rémy Philippe , Mesnard Laurent , Hoffmann Maxime , Grimbert Philippe , Choukroun Gabriel , Vrtovsnik François , Verine Jérôme , Desvaux Dominique , Walker Francine , Lang Philippe , Mahevas Matthieu , Sahali Dil , Audard Vincent
Published: April 2013

Background

The association between sarcoidosis and glomerular diseases has not been extensively investigated in a large series and the potential features of this uncommon association remain to be determined.

Methods

We retrospectively identified 26 patients with biopsy-proven glomerular lesions that occurred in a sarcoidosis context. Potential remission of glomerular disease and sarcoidosis under specific treatment (steroid and/or immunosuppressive agents) was recorded for all patients. Demographic, clinical and biological characteristics were assessed at the time of kidney biopsy for each patient. Therapeutic data were analyzed for all patients.

Results

Glomerular disease occurred after the diagnosis of sarcoidosis in 11 of 26 cases (42%) (mean delay of 9.7 years). In six patients (23%), the glomerulopathy preceded the sarcoidosis diagnosis (mean delay 8 years). In the last nine patients (35%), both conditions occurred simultaneously. The most frequent glomerular disease occurring in sarcoidosis patients was membranous nephropathy in eleven cases. Other glomerular lesions included IgA nephropathy in six cases, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in four patients, minimal change nephrotic syndrome for three patients and proliferative lupus nephritis in two patients. Granulomatous interstitial nephritis was associated with glomerular disease in six patients and was exclusively found in patients in whom the both disease occurred simultaneously. In nine patients with simultaneous glomerular and sarcoidosis diseases, we observed a strong dissociation between glomerular disease and sarcoidosis in terms of steroid responsiveness. At the end of the follow-up (mean of 8.4 years), six patients had reached end-stage renal disease and three patients had died.

Conclusions

A wide spectrum of glomerular lesions is associated with sarcoidosis. The close temporal relationship observed in some patients suggests common causative molecular mechanisms of glomerular injury but complete remission of both diseases in response to exclusive steroid therapy is infrequent.
Enhanced recovery of alkaline protease from fish viscera by phase partitioning and its application
Authors: Ketnawa Sunantha , Benjakul Soottawat , Ling Tau Chuan , Martínez-Alvarez Oscar , Rawdkuen Saroat
Published: April 2013

Background

Too many different protein and enzyme purification techniques have been reported, especially, chromatographic techniques. Apart from low recovery, these multi-step methods are complicated, time consuming, high operating cost. So, alternative beneficially methods are still required. Since, the outstanding advantages of aqueous two phase system (ATPS) such as simple, low cost, high recovery and scalable, ATPS have been used to purify various enzymes. To improve purification efficiency, parameters affected to enzyme recovery or purity was investigated. The objectives of the present study were to optimize of alkaline protease recovery from giant catfish fish viscera by using ATPS and to study of hydrolytic patterns against gelatin.

Results

Using 70% (w/w) crude enzyme extract (CE) in system (15% PEG2000-15% sodium citrate) provided the highest recovery, PF and KE. At unmodified pH (8.5) gave the best recovery and PF with compare to other pHs of the system. The addition of 1% (w/w) NaCl showed the recovery (64.18%), 3.33-fold and 15.09 of KE compared to the system without NaCl. After addition of 10% (w/w) sodium citrate in the second ATPS cycle, the highest protease recovery (365.53%) and PF (11.60-fold) were obtained. Thus, the top phase from the system was subjected to further studied. The protein bands with molecular weights (MWs) of 20, 24, 27, 36, 94 and 130 kDa appeared on the protein stained gel and also exhibited clear zone on casein-substrate gel electrophoresis. The β, α1, α2 of skin gelatin extensively degraded into small molecules when treated with 10 units of the extracted alkaline protease compared to those of the level of 0.21 units of Flavourzyme.

Conclusions

Repetitive ATPS is the alternative strategy to increase both recovery and purity of the alkaline protease from farmed giant catfish viscera. Extracted alkaline protease exposed very high effectiveness in gelatin hydrolysis. It is suggested that the alkaline protease from this fish viscera can further be used in protein hydrolysate production.
Identifying disruptors of male germ cell development by small molecule screening in ex vivo gonad cultures
Authors: Wakeling Stephanie I , Miles Denise C , Western Patrick S
Published: April 2013

Background

Germ cell development involves formation of the spermatogenic or oogenic lineages from the bipotential primordial germ cells. Signaling mechanisms in the fetal testis and ovary determine whether germ cells enter the male or female developmental pathway, respectively. These signaling processes underpin an important phase of germ cell development, disruption of which can lead to failed germ cell function resulting in infertility or the formation of germ cell tumours.

Findings

In this study we have developed a small molecule screening protocol combined with flow cytometry to identify signaling pathways that direct male-specific development of germ cells. Here we provide a detailed method for this screening protocol, which we have used to identify signaling pathways important for male germ cell development.

Conclusion

This method will be of particular use in screening inhibitors of signaling pathways, endocrine disruptors or other chemicals for their ability to disrupt testis and germ cell development, thereby providing insight into testicular dysgenesis and factors underlying poor male reproductive health.
The B cell helper side of neutrophils
Authors: Cerutti Andrea , Puga Irene , Magri Giuliana
Published: April 2013

Neutrophils use opsonizing antibodies to enhance the clearance of intruding microbes. Recent studies indicate that splenic neutrophils also induce antibody production by providing helper signals to B cells lodged in the MZ of the spleen. Here, we discuss the B cell helper function of neutrophils in the context of growing evidence indicating that neutrophils function as sophisticated regulators of innate and adaptive immune responses.
Decoupling the function of Hox and Shh in developing limb reveals multiple inputs of Hox genes on limb growth
Authors: Sheth Rushikesh , Grégoire Damien , Dumouchel Annie , Scotti Martina , Pham Jessica My Trang , Nemec Stephen , Bastida Maria Félix , Ros Marian A. , Kmita Marie
Published: April 2013

Limb development relies on an exquisite coordination between growth and patterning, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Anterior-posterior and proximal-distal specification initiates in early limb bud concomitantly with the proliferative expansion of limb cells. Previous studies have shown that limb bud growth initially relies on fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) produced in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER-FGFs), the maintenance of which relies on a positive-feedback loop involving sonic hedgehog (Shh) and the BMP antagonist gremlin 1 (Grem1). The positive cross-regulation between Shh and the HoxA and HoxD clustered genes identified an indirect effect of Hox genes on the maintenance of AER-FGFs but the respective function of Shh and Hox genes in this process remains unknown. Here, by uncoupling Hox and Shh function, we show that HoxA and HoxD genes are required for proper AER-FGFs expression, independently of their function in controlling Shh expression. In addition, we provide evidence that the Hox-dependent control of AER-FGF expression is achieved through the regulation of key mesenchymal signals, namely Grem1 and Fgf10, ensuring proper epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Notably, HoxA and HoxD genes contribute to both the initial activation of Grem1 and the subsequent anterior expansion of its expression domain. We propose that the intricate interactions between Hox genes and the FGF and Shh signaling pathways act as a molecular network that ensures proper limb bud growth and patterning, probably contributing to the coordination of these two processes.
Klumpfuss controls FMRFamide expression by enabling BMP signaling within the NB5-6 lineage
Authors: Losada-Pérez María , Gabilondo Hugo , Molina Isabel , Turiegano Enrique , Torroja Laura , Thor Stefan , Benito-Sipos Jonathan
Published: April 2013

A number of transcription factors that are expressed within most, if not all, embryonic neuroblast (NB) lineages participate in neural subtype specification. Some have been extensively studied in several NB lineages (e.g. components of the temporal gene cascade) whereas others only within specific NB lineages. To what extent they function in other lineages remains unknown. Klumpfuss (Klu), the Drosophila ortholog of the mammalian Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) protein, is one such transcription factor. Studies in the NB4-2 lineage have suggested that Klu functions to ensure that the two ganglion mother cells (GMCs) in this embryonic NB lineage acquire different fates. Owing to limited lineage marker availability, these observations were made only for the NB4-2 lineage. Recent findings reveal that Klu is necessary for larval neuroblast growth and self-renewal. We have extended the study of Klu to the well-known embryonic NB5-6T lineage and describe a novel role for Klu in the Drosophila embryonic CNS. Our results demonstrate that Klu is expressed specifically in the postmitotic Ap4/FMRFa neuron, promoting its differentiation through the initiation of BMP signaling. Our findings indicate a pleiotropic function of Klu in Ap cluster specification in general and particularly in Ap4 neuron differentiation, indicating that Klu is a multitasking transcription factor. Finally, our studies indicate that a transitory downregulation of klu is crucial for the specification of the Ap4/FMRFa neuron. Similar to WT1, klu seems to have either self-renewal or differentiation-promoting functions, depending on the developmental context.
Bithorax-complex genes sculpt the pattern of leucokinergic neurons in theDrosophilacentral nervous system
Authors: Estacio-Gómez Alicia , Moris-Sanz Marta , Schäfer Anne-Kathrin , Perea Daniel , Herrero Pilar , Díaz-Benjumea Fernando J.
Published: April 2013

Although the Hox genes are the main factors involved in the generation of diversity along the anterior/posterior body axis of segmented organisms, it is still largely unknown how these genes act in single cells to determine specific traits at precise developmental stages. The aim of this study was to understand the mechanisms by which Hox genes of the Bithorax complex (Bx-C) of Drosophila act to define segmental differences in the ventral nerve cord of the central nervous system. To achieve this, we have focused on the specification of the leucokinin-expressing neurons. We find that these neurons are specified from the same progenitor neuroblast at two different developmental stages: embryonic and larval neurogenesis. We show that genes of the Bx-C acted in postmitotic cells to specify the segment-specific appearance of leucokinergic cells in the larval and adult ventral nerve cord.
Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Maletis G. B. , Inacio M. C. S. , Desmond J. L. , Funahashi T. T.
Published: April 2013

We examined the association of graft type with the risk of early revision of primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in a community-based sample. A retrospective analysis of a cohort of 9817 ACLRs recorded in an ACLR Registry was performed. Patients were included if they underwent primary ACLR with bone–patellar tendon–bone autograft, hamstring tendon autograft or allograft tissue. Aseptic failure was the main endpoint of the study. After adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, and body mass index, allografts had a 3.02 times (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.93 to 4.72) higher risk of aseptic revision than bone–patellar tendon–bone autografts (p < 0.001). Hamstring tendon autografts had a 1.82 times (95% CI 1.10 to 3.00) higher risk of revision compared with bone–patellar tendon–bone autografts (p = 0.019). For each year increase in age, the risk of revision decreased by 7% (95% CI 5 to 9). In gender-specific analyses a 2.26 times (95% CI 1.15 to 4.44) increased risk of hamstring tendon autograft revision in females was observed compared with bone–patellar tendon–bone autograft. We conclude that allograft tissue, hamstring tendon autografts, and younger age may all increase the risk of early revision surgery after ACLR.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:623–8.
Ten-year RSA-measured migration of the Exeter femoral stem
Authors: Murray D. W. , Gulati A. , Gill H. S.
Published: April 2013

The Exeter femoral stem is a double-tapered highly polished collarless cemented implant with good long-term clinical results. In order to determine why the stem functions well we have undertaken a long-term radiostereometric analysis (RSA) study.

A total of 20 patients undergoing primary Exeter total hip replacement for osteoarthritis using the Hardinge approach were recruited and followed with RSA for ten years. The stems progressively subsided and internally rotated with posterior head migration. The mean subsidence was 0.7 mm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5 to 0.9) at two years and 1.3 mm (95% CI 1.0 to 1.6) at ten years. The mean posterior migration of the head was 0.7 mm (95% CI 0.5 to 0.9) at two years and 1.2 mm (95% CI 1.0 to 1.4) at ten years. There was no significant cement restrictor migration.

The Exeter stem continues to subside slowly into the cement mantle in the long term. This appears to compress the cement and the cement bone interface, contributing to secure fixation in the long term.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:605–8.
The Eco-Tourist, English Heritage, and Arthurian Legend: Walking with Thoreau
Authors: Kelly Kathleen Coyne
Published: April 2013

This article examines natural sites connected to Arthurian legend in the context of their construction as tourist sites and their designation as ecologically significant. Reading these sites through the works of Henry David Thoreau, it connects his strategic medievalism to a modern, nostalgic tendency to locate ‘nature’ in the past, paradoxically existing once (the vanished wilderness) and future (the restored wetland). (KCK)
Limits of the Lab: Diagnosing "Latent Gonorrhea," 1872-1910
Authors: Bowen Elliott
Published: April 2013

One of the most heatedly contested disease entities in turn-of-the-century medicine was "latent gonorrhea," a condition first discussed in an 1872 paper published by the German-born gynecologist Emil Noeggerath. Although none of the bacteriological discoveries of the next few decades—including the isolation of the gonococcus in 1879—provided much evidence of its existence, by the 1890s most Western physicians and medical scientists had nonetheless come to believe that latent gonorrhea was a real, diagnosable disease. While in the wake of its resolution, leading gynecologists contended that laboratory science had cleared up the controversy over latent gonorrhea, in reality it was through more "traditional" diagnostic methods (especially the taking of case histories) that Noeggerath's once-debatable theory gained acceptance. As such, this episode challenges the idea that turn-of-the-century Western medicine witnessed a "laboratory revolution," and that with the rise of bacteriology "the clinic" no longer informed the processes by which doctors defined and diagnosed disease.
Civilization and Syphilization: A Doctor and His Disease in Colonial Morocco
Authors: Clark Hannah-Louise
Published: April 2013

In colonial North Africa a mutilating disease resembling syphilis was a focal point for French medical debate about the world history of syphilis, the physiological effects of climate and race, and the science of microbiology. From 1916 to 1919, the French venereologist Georges Lacapère established a pilot scheme in Fez, Morocco, for diagnosis and treatment of "native" syphilis. In 1923 he published his research findings and coined the disease concept "Arab syphilis" to describe a form of syphilis found in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, which he characterized in behavioral terms. Lacapère's work was not simply derivative of earlier discourses, nor was it a straightforward outcome of his clinical experience in Morocco. The careers of Lacapère and Arab syphilis problematize the analytical use of race to understand colonial biomedicine in the Maghreb.
The Development of Medical Museums in the Antebellum American South: Slave Bodies in Networks of Anatomical Exchange
Authors: Kenny Stephen C.
Published: April 2013

Prior to the American Civil War, museums were enthusiastically promoted in the annual circulars of southern medical colleges as valuable aids to medical education. Using case history narratives, medical college circulars, and announcements, this article examines the social origins of the region's collections of anatomical and pathological specimens and explores the professional agents and organizations responsible for their maintenance and development. The article is also concerned with exploring the racial framework in which these bodies and specimens were sourced and displayed. The social relations embodied in natural history and medical museum collections, and the emerging specialism of "negro medicine," were all elements of a context that subordinated and objectified blackness, as well as permitting and legitimizing the exploitation of black bodies. Medical museums function as a key case study for examining power relations among physicians, slaves, and slave owners, as well as underscoring southern medicine's dependence on slavery for its development.
Witness or False Witness: Metrics of Authenticity, Collective I-Formations, and the Ethic of Verification in First-Person Testimony
Authors: Smith Sidonie , Watson Julia
Published: April 2013

One possible response to allegations of hoaxing that surround the contemporary traffic in witness narratives is to re-theorize issues central to testimonial narration. Rather than arguing that the truth or falsity of witness narratives can be definitively determined, we complicate the transparency of the first-person narrator in testimony and the claim of authenticity that has become the guarantor of that subject position. To do so, we explore how the effect of authenticity is produced by certain “metrics,” and how differing “I”-formations—here, composite, coalitional, translated, and negotiated—generate the aura of authenticity a text projects, as well as the imagined relation of readers to personal stories of witness. After tracking the metrics of authenticity in four exemplary texts—“Souad”’s Burned Alive , the Sangtin Collective’s Playing with Fire , Ishmael Beah’s A Long Way Gone , and Dave Eggers’s What is the What ?—we suggest an alternative reading practice to “rescue” the reading often associated with testimonial narratives.
The Public Time of Private Space in Dior by Dior
Authors: Parkins Ilya , Haworth Lara
Published: April 2013

This essay reads the life writing of major French fashion designer Christian Dior as an extended meditation on the challenging relationship between public persona and intimate selfhood for a celebrity fashion designer. Dior works through the tension between public and private by referring it to a complex nexus of space and time; his narration of his life through the lens of his childhood homes suggests not only a spatial orientation but a fraught relationship to the past. Dior’s characteristic reflections on space and time reveal him to be a nostalgic subject, but by theorizing nostalgia as a creative mnemonic mode, we challenge understandings of him as excessively conservative in his tastes and designs. Ultimately, Dior’s constellation of space and time points to new methodological tools for understanding fashion designers and their celebrity.
Nostalgic Dreams and Nightmares
Authors: Lowenthal David
Published: April 2013

As the present seems ever more dolorous and the future fearsome, we turn to the past for its reassuring comforts. And nostalgia has become the most prevalent take on the past. This essay traces the growth of nostalgia in popular culture especially since the mid-twentieth century. Today it pervades not only the arts and the media but the marketing of everything from clothing and cars to computers and cell phones. Once associated with specific themes and epochs—bucolic pastoralism, medieval chivalry, Georgian elegance—nostalgia now embraces the entire past, from Pleistocene times to the near present, and almost any bygone trait and attribute, lovable and ludicrous alike. Having morphed from a disabling and often fatal disease in the nineteenth century, nostalgia became a curative balm for exiles from childhood and other lost homelands. Backlash against nostalgia’s regressive surfeits—its starry-eyed view of wretched times, its falsified history, its kitschy commerce—today corrodes elegaic wistfulness into selfconscious irony.
Melancholy, Memories, and Six Nostalgias: Postquake Christchurch and the Problems of Recalling the Past
Authors: Bowring Jacky
Published: April 2013

The city of Christchurch, New Zealand, was until very recently a “Junior England”—a small city that still bore the strong imprint of nineteenth-century British colonization, alongside a growing interest in the underlying biophysical setting and the indigenous pre-European landscape. All of this has changed as the city has been subjected to a devastating series of earthquakes, beginning in September 2010, and still continuing, with over 12,000 aftershocks recorded. One of these aftershocks, on February 22, 2011, was very close to the city center and very shallow with disastrous consequences, including a death toll of 185. Many buildings collapsed, and many more need to be demolished for safety purposes, meaning that over 80 percent of the central city will have gone. Tied up with this is the city’s precious heritage—its buildings and parks, rivers, and trees. The threats to heritage throw debates over economics and emotion into sharp relief. A number of nostalgic positions emerge from the dust and rubble, and in one form is a reverse-amnesia—an insistence of the past in the present. Individuals can respond to nostalgia in very different ways, at one extreme become mired in it and unable to move on, and at the other, dismissive of nostalgia as a luxury in the face of more pressing crises. The range of positions on nostalgia represent the complexity of heritage debates, attachment, and identity—and the ways in which disasters amplify the ongoing discourse on approaches to conservation and the value of historic landscapes.
The Use of History in Landscape Architectural Nostalgia
Authors: Giannetto Raffaella Fabiani
Published: April 2013

This essay discusses two different, yet complementary, aspects of history in landscape architectural nostalgia that help articulate its changing relevance to the field of landscape design. On one hand, history can be called upon for the construction of identity: in some such cases a nostalgia for a specific place and time may be fruitful, as it was at the beginning of the twentieth century, when American designers and critics engaged in a provocative debate about the merits of foreign historical landscape styles, and the legitimacy of their imitation on American soil. But in some circumstances nostalgia for the past may be sterile or harmful, as in the years of fascist Italy, when the past was manipulated and tradition invented to meet certain ideological political goals. On the other hand, history can also be construed as memory, whose traces are preserved through design processes and their outcomes. In this latter instance, a more edifying and even instructive nostalgia is at work, one that is useful to the extent in which it helps transform and improve the present, as the projects of Bernard Lassus, Kathryn Gustafson and Neil Porter demonstrate.
Evidence Withheld in the Dickinson-Todd Lawsuit
Authors: Monteiro George
Published: April 2013

In the 1897 suit Lavinia Dickinson brought against David and Mabel Loomis Todd over the deeding of property to Mrs. Todd, the lawyers for the plaintiff withheld from the court proceedings an unsigned note from Mabel Loomis Todd sent to Austin Dickinson that would have introduced into the trial the matter of Mrs. Todd’s twelve-year affair with Emily Dickinson’s brother. For some reason, they chose not to introduce it as evidence. Eventually the court returned the note to the Dickinsons. It survived at the Evergreens until the late 1970s, at which time it was copied by the author of this article. Shortly thereafter Mrs. Todd’s note disappeared from the cabinet containing Martha Dickinson Bianchi’s files. Since it was never found, it is speculated that the note was destroyed.
The Swamps of Emily Dickinson
Authors: Parks Cecily
Published: April 2013

Drawing on evidence from Emily Dickinson’s herbarium, letters, prose fragments, and poems, this article draws attention to the importance of bogs, swamps, and woodland pools to Dickinson’s lifelong conversation with the natural world. Adopting a methodology that combines contemporary thought about gender with an ecocritical concern for how swamps shaped Dickinson’s work, this article argues that wetland places emerge as indispensable to Dickinson’s environmental epistemology and to her poetic explorations of what it feels like to experience the natural world in a fluidly gendered body. Though Dickinson shares her fascination with the swamp with other nineteenth-century writers of the American landscape—including Susan Fenimore Cooper, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Henry David Thoreau—her creation of multiply-gendered speakers in her swamp-inspired poems offers a provocative revision of the masculine natural historical tradition that her contemporaries write within, particularly that tradition’s reliance on the female body to understand the natural world. These poems do not describe swamps; rather, they describe what it feels like to be a woman nature poet who admires the natural world at its most liminal, illegible, and wild extremes, but feels deep ambivalence toward projecting herself onto it or being identified with it. In doing so, Dickinson’s poems model a radical ecofeminism.
The Ode Unfamiliar: Dickinson, Keats, and the (Battle)fields of Autumn
Authors: Kohler Michelle
Published: April 2013

This essay reads Dickinson’s six 1862 poems about autumn through the dual lenses of Keats’s ode “To Autumn” and the Civil War, particularly the representations of Civil War battlefields she would have encountered in newspapers and other periodicals. Kohler argues that these six poems resound with ironic, often satirical echoes of both Keats’s ode and war reportage, rearticulating “‘Autumn’” in ways that draw attention to its rhetorical constructedness and revealing a fundamental concern with the ways language conditions how we think about seasonality, death, and national landscapes. Moreover, whereas Keats removes disease and distress from his imagery in order to present a decidedly temperate English autumn, Dickinson’s poems reverse this impulse, aggressively reintroducing pathology to an autumnal discourse that has been de-pathologized. The essay concludes with an extended analysis of “The name - of it - is ‘Autumn’” (Fr465), a poem which strangely heightens its own rhetorical shifts amidst its account of a dying, bloody landscape; the poem’s bathos parodies not only Keats’s surreptitious shifts but also the abrupt shifts in autumnal rhetoric in New England periodicals during the War.
Interrogating the “egotistical sublime”: Keats and Dickinson Near the Dawn of Lyricization?
Authors: Cull Ryan
Published: April 2013

This essay argues that Keats passed on to Dickinson a wariness about the lyric’s capacity to become a powerful conduit for an assertive and possessive affect associated with what Keats called the “wordsworthian or egotistical sublime.” This shared, ethical concern offers an opportunity to consider whether Keats and Dickinson not only recognized a lyricization process near its beginning but diagnosed its cause. The essay starts by examining Keats’s and Dickinson’s critiques of lyric egotism. Until nearly the end of his short career, Keats grounds his lyric practice on the hope that the egotism he increasingly sees in the lyrics of his contemporaries could be rejected due to the fact that individuals are essentially disinterested and even other-focused. Dickinson offers similar critiques of lyric egotism but, unlike Keats, believes that a selfish, possessive tendency lurks within human subjectivity. The essay goes on to explain how this difference helped Dickinson to formulate alternatives to the “egotistical sublime” that more successfully avoid its problematically assertive or submissive stances as well as its consequent tendency to generate unjust socialities. Recognizing the centrality of these ethical concerns in Keats’s and Dickinson’s poetry may help us further historicize lyricization and recover an approach to conceptualizing a more generous model of lyric personhood, a task that remains relevant today.
Cervantes's Celoso : A Tale of Colonial Lack
Authors: Ruiz Eduardo
Published: April 2013

The title character of Miguel de Cervantes's "El celoso extremeño," a reconstituted indiano , returns to Spain, builds his house like a fortress, and places a black slave on the threshold, a series of moves with historical and psychological analogies that explain the shape and evolution of a subject characterized by dislocation and lack. The slave, an opposite double of the master, emerges as the interstitial hinge making possible this metamorphosis, exposing the limits of metropolitan order, revealing colonial spaces and actors as determinant in curing the deficiencies of empire, and simultaneously undercutting imperial rigidity by way of the master's metaphorical annihilation.