bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPOSITION OF THE HOOK CATCHES OF FISHES IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF THE SOUTH-EASTERN KAMCHATKA AFTER HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM IN AUTUMN 2020
Authors:   Far Eastern Branch of RAS, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Tokranov Alexey M.
Published: May 2022

The data on the composition of the fishes and its relative quantity in the hook catches in the upper sublittoral zones of the South-Eastern Kamchatka in July-August 2021 are provided. The obtained results are allowed to make conclusion that unfavourable ecological conditions in autumn 2020 in the coastal waters of the South-Eastern Kamchatka practically had no influence on the quantity and mode of life of the representatives of ichthyofauna which were able to leave temporarily the coastal waters with harmful algal bloom areas.
THE HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF STUDYING FLORA AND VEGETATION OF THE SVIYAGI RIVER BASIN FROM THE XVIII TO THE PRESENT TIME
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Frolov Daniil A. , Saraeva Regina A. ,   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk
Published: May 2022

The article presents the historical aspects of studying the flora and vegetation of the Sviyagi river basin from the XVIII century to the present.
RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE OF STUDENTS OF ULYANOVSK STATE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY (BY THE EXAMPLE OF TATARS AND TURKMEN)
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Idiatullov Azat K.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this article is to analyze the religious tolerance of students of Tatar and Turkmen nationality studying at the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University.
INCOME OF THE POPULATION AS AN INDICATOR OF SOCIAL POTENTIAL (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE JEWISH AUTONOMOUS REGION)
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences, Birobidzhan, Kalinina Irina V.
Published: May 2022

On the example of the Jewish Autonomous Region, the paper shows the importance of the indicator of monetary income of the population in determining the social potential. It was revealed that the population of the region with cash incomes below the subsistence minimum is almost twice as high as the all-Russian indicators, and tends to grow.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION OF SUBURBAN TERRITORIES OF YAROSLAVL AGGLOMERATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF YAROSLAVL, GAVRILOV-YAMSKY AND NEKRASOVSKY MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS)
Authors:   Yaroslavl state pedagogical university named after К. D. Ushinsky, Nevzorov Vadim A.
Published: May 2022

The article examines the socio-economic situation on the territory of three municipal districts of the Yaroslavl region: Gavrilov-Yamsky, Nekrasovsky and Yaroslavl. The analysis of the economic and geographical location, natural resource potential, population, economy and prospects for the development of these suburban territories is carried out.
TERRITORIAL INNOVATION CLUSTERS AS A FACTOR OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA
Authors:   Mordovia state University, Saransk, Nosonov Artur M.
Published: May 2022

The article considers an important factor of the innovative development of the Russian economy – territorial innovation clusters, their specialization and development prospects.
CENTROGRAPHIC METHOD IN ECONOMIC-CARTOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH
Authors:   Nizhnevartovsk State University, Nizhnevartovsk, Sokolov Sergey N.
Published: May 2022

Paper reveals the essence of the centrographic method, which can be used in economic-cartographical research. The centrographic method significantly facilitates the consideration of statistical and cartographic data, makes them sufficiently visual, expressive and overview
MODELS OF ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS IN CONDITIONS OF RURAL SETTLEMENT
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Chepurnova Valentina S.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the spatial organization of educational systems, which are based on a combination of several basic models – nuclear, node, cellular and step. The design and strategic planning of a new type of networks should be based on the existing and continuing to form a finely dispersed structure of rural settlement.
FEATURES OF DESIGNING TOURIST ROUTES FOR SCHOOLCHILDREN IN THE TERRITORY OF THE KAMSKOUST’INSKY DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Bakaeva Zarina G. , Zotov Oleg G. ,   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk
Published: May 2022

The Kamsko-Ustyinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan is a unique territory that includes many natural monuments and a significant variety of natural landscapes. The territory has great opportunities for organizing tourism, which is being actively implemented by the leadership of the Republic of Tatarstan. The purpose of this article is to show the prospects of studying this territory as part of a school geography course, conducting off-site thematic excursions along pre-designed routes.
PROBLEMS OF FORMATION OF STABLE GREEN SPACES IN THE CITY OF CHEBOKSARY
Authors:   Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Kazakov Aleksey V. , Dimitriev Aleksandr V. ,   Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Mironov Andrey A. ,   Chuvash State University, Cheboksary
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the features of the formation of sustainable multifunctional plantings on the example of the city of Cheboksary.
MODERN ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF SOILS IN THE TERRITORY OF THE ULYANOVSKY WIND FARM P. KRASNY YAR
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Kazakova Natalya A. , Maslennikova Elena A. ,   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk
Published: May 2022

. This article discusses the results of research on the ecological state of the soil cover on the territory of the Ulyanovsky wind farm in the village of Krasny Yar.
STEPPES FOR RUSSIAN NATIONAL LOW-CARBON DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
Authors:   Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Levykin Sergey V. , Kazachkov Grigoriy V. ,   Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg
Published: May 2022

Three groups of proposals to Russian national low-carbon development strategy are offered: the division of countries of the world into groups by suggested carbon response, four-component Russian carbon response, carbon response on levels of steppe zone and a steppe region.
NOSOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF HELMINTHOSES IN EQUIDS IN THE CENTER FOR BREEDING OF STEPPE ANIMALS «ORENBURG TARPANIA»
Authors:   Orenburg Agrarian University, Orenburg, Maltsev Semyon S.
Published: May 2022

One of the significant risks in the introduction of animals is their infection with helminths. In 2020 in the steppe hospital “Orenburg Tarpaniya” a survey of Przhevalsky’s horses and kiangs for helminthiasis was carried out. Parasitism of nematodes of the suborders Strongylata, Ascaridata and Oxyurata was revealed at low and medium intensity of invasion. Nematode infestation is higher in Przewalski’s horses than in Kiangs. These helminthiases proceeded in the form of carriage.
ROUGH WOODRUFF (ASPERULA EXASPERATA V. Krecz. ex Klok.) – A INDICATOR SPECIES OF STEPPE CALCIUM LANDSCAPE OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION OF THE VOLGA UPLAND
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Maslennikov Andrey V. , Maslennikova Lyudmila A. ,   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the current state of the populations of a vulnerable and protected species - rough woodruff (Asperula exasperata V. Krecz. ex Klok.), as an indicator species of the calcium steppe landscapes of the Ulyanovsk region of the Volga Upland and notes their role as centers of conservation of this endemic species.
FAUNA AND ECOLOGY OF MICROLEPIDOPTERA (LEPIDOPTERA: NEPTICULIDAE, GRACILLARIIDAE) OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Mishchenko Andrey V. , Artemieva Elena A. ,   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk
Published: May 2022

The article deals with the fauna and ecology of mining moths of the families Nepticulidae and Gracillariidae of the Ulyanovsk region.
THE USE OF THE MATHEMATICAL METHOD IN GEOGRAPHY ON THE EXAMPLE OF STUDYING THE INFRASTRUCTURE COMPLEX OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION.
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk, Atareeva Kristina N. , Nurullin Nail I. ,   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Ulyanovsk
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the peculiarity and significance of the application of the mathematical method in geography in the framework of the study of the infrastructure complex of the Ulyanovsk region.
DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL TRAILS FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION
Authors:   MBOU secondary school № 62, Ulyanovsk, Blinkova Olesya V.
Published: May 2022

The article suggests routes of ecological trails in the territory of the Ulyanovsk region for pupils of senior school age
SOME ASPECTS OF MODERN FORMS OF EDUCATION
Authors:   I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Vishnevskaya Marina P. , Nikitin Vasiliy V. ,   Ministry of Education and Youth Policy of the Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary, Nikitina Olga V. ,   I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary
Published: May 2022

The article discusses some aspects of distance education - a necessary and demanded form of education in modern realities. At the same time, this is a relatively new and little-studied form of education, is the subject of many disputes and requires the attention of researchers.
Evolved Gases and Unified Kinetic Model for Low-temperature Thermal Decomposition of Rice Straw Hydrolysis Residue for Possible Value Addition
Authors: Roy Ghatak Himadri
Published: May 2022

Low-temperature thermal decomposition (LTTD) of Rice straw hydrolysis residue (RSHR) was studied using thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR) at different heating rates. During thermogravimetry, the maximum rate of mass loss of 135% per min was observed at 339 °C ( Tmax ) for heating rate of 50 °C per min. Tmax decreased to 323, 315, and 299 °C with decrease in heating rate to 40, 30, and 20 °C min−1, respectively. LTTD of RSHR yields volatile oxygenated organics – acids, esters, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and phenols – as revealed by the FTIR spectra of evolved gases. At increased decomposition temperature, carbonyl moieties were less conjugated. The main gaseous products of LTTD were carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane. Kinetics of LTTD of RSHR was analysed using thermogravimetry results. Activation energy of LTTD followed a Lorentzian distribution with respect to residual mass fraction (RMF). Dependence of LTTD rate on RMF was found to adhere to the truncated Sestak and Berggren model.
Reabilitação em pacientes onco-hematológicos pediátricos e sua relação com a cardiotoxicidade induzida pela quimioterapia
Authors: Oliveira Thatyane Soares Souza de , Barreto Tito Lívio Cardoso
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Apresentar os efeitos da reabilitação em pacientes onco-hematológicos pediátricos e analisar se os protocolos de reabilitação interferem na cardiotoxicidade induzida pela quimioterapia. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura integrativa utilizando os descritores: “câncer”, “child”, “cardiotoxicity”, “rehabilitation” e “exercise training”. As seguintes bases de dados foram utilizadas: Scientific Eletronic Library (Scielo), National Library of Medicine (Pubmed), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (Medline) eSpringer Nature (Springer Link). Foram definidos como critério de inclusão, artigos publicados entre os anos de 2008 a 2020. Foram excluídos os artigos de cânceres exclusivamente não hematológicos. Resultados: Foram selecionados 10 artigos e verificou-se que o exercício físico aplicado em cânceres hematológicos em crianças é benéfico no que tange aos efeitos colaterais das doenças e do tratamento. Apresentou efeitos positivos na capacidade funcional muscular e cardiorrespiratória; melhora da sensação de fadiga e qualidade de vida; e ganhos na aptidão física, composição corporal e saúde óssea. Conclusão: A implementação de programas de exercícios são eficazes e fazem um diferencial na manutenção e melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes oncológicos infantis. São necessários mais estudos na área de reabilitação em onco-hematologia pediátrica, sobretudo relacionada às complicações resultantes da cardiotoxicidade.
Increíbles estrategias de aprendizaje creativo para formar estudiantes con responsabilidad social en el siglo XXI.
Authors: Quila Franco Ruth Mabel , Luna Sevillano Pedro , Suárez Cerezo Dannes Joel , Pérez Rocafuerte Mirian Narciza
Published: May 2022

El artículo está enfocado en la propuesta de implementar estrategias de aprendizaje creativo por medio del diseño de una guía didáctica interactiva que promueva la responsabilidad social en los estudiantes del siglo XXI. Los estudiantes aprenderán a conducirse en la vida estudiantil con total responsabilidad.  De esta manera aplicaremos objetivos específicos tales como: Diagnosticar el nivel del aprendizaje creativo y responsabilidad social del estudiante. Desarrollarán guía didáctica interactiva. Las mismas que serán validadas por: padres de familia, docentes y autoridades, sobre su efectividad. Resulta interesante que todos los estudiantes desarrollen el aprendizaje creativo para mejorar la responsabilidad social y accionar su diario obteniendo un aprendizaje objetivo y funcional. Hoy en día los docentes no aplican las metodologías como; Paradigma, positivista, socio crítico, interpretativo, enfoques, cualitativo y cuantitativo ni implementan las estrategias adecuadas para desarrollar el aprendizaje creativo de los estudiantes. Si se estimula la responsabilidad social en los alumnos, demostraran su aprendizaje creativo aplicando las siguientes estrategias: 1. Direccionar a los estudiantes para que dominen el escenario de facilitador de en los tiempos que el docente se ausente por “X” razones. 2. Fomentar una clase dinámica y entretenida. 3. Hacer de sus debilidades sus fortalezas. 4. Desarrollar su creatividad descubriendo y elaborando pequeños y grandes inventos. 5.Brindar confianza y motivar a tus estudiantes para que escriban como sería su profesor ideal, que les gustaría aprender para enfocarse más en sus metas profesionales. 6. Inclúyete en sus intereses, preocúpate por cada uno de tus estudiantes sin desmerecer su capacidad intelectual. 7. Incúlcales el autoaprendizaje, no existe miedos, ni errores, reconoce siempre sus avances. 8. Has notar tu trabajo ante los padres de familia para que juntos ayuden a desarrollar la creatividad, inteligencia y responsabilidad social en tus estudiantes.
Plan administrativo de mitigación en la deserción de la educación virtual de la Carrera de Contabilidad y Auditoría de la ESPOCH - Sede Morona Santiago
Authors: Izurieta Castelo Mónica Isabel , Campaña Días Cristian Fernando , Solís Morejón Viviana Catalina
Published: May 2022

El presente estudio refleja un análisis y valoración de las causas que generan la deserción estudiantil en la modalidad de enseña virtual en la carrera de Contabilidad y Auditoría de la ESPOCH Sede Morona Santiago. Las nuevas tendencias de la educación han efectuado el desarrollo de herramientas y estrategias de aprendizaje, permitiendo que el estudiante alcance calidad en los niveles de aprendizaje de la misma manera que lo realizaba en la modalidad presencial. El propósito de la investigación fue determinar las causas de la deserción y agruparlas por categorías para generar estrategias de retención, basando en planes de acción administrativos para alcanzar indicadores de eficiencia y de calidad en la educación. Se efectuó un análisis de los motivos de la deserción, siendo el punto de partida para mejor el indicador de retención aplicada en esta modalidad de estudio.
Aprendizaje de máquina para mantenimiento predictivo: un problema de clasificación binaria
Authors: Vilema Lara Pablo Hernán , García Mora Félix Antonio , Gallegos Londoño César Marcelo
Published: May 2022

Introducción. Con el auge de la industria 4.0, se están extrayendo de las máquinas y procesos una gran cantidad de datos, los cuales pueden ser analizados mediante enfoques de aprendizaje de máquina, permitiendo una toma de decisiones más confiable dentro del área de mantenimiento; realizar análisis de datos de mantenimiento predictivo se vuelve un verdadero reto para un ser humano debido a la gran cantidad de datos. Objetivo. Por esta razón en el presente estudio, se plantea como objetivo crear un modelo predictivo de aprendizaje de máquina para detectar fallos. Metodología. Para la creación del modelo se utilizó los datos de mantenimiento predictivo ai4i2020 disponibles en el repositorio de Machine Learning de la Universidad de California y el software libre Python. Se probó 4 algoritmos de clasificación, con la finalidad de compararlos en función de las métricas de rendimiento. Resultados. Dando como resultado que SVM es el mejor algoritmo con una exactitud del 98,95% y una precisión de 98,88% (optimizados los hiperparámetros). Conclusiones. Se concluye que el modelo funciona con un elevado rendimiento y una buena generalización de los patrones aprendidos durante el entrenamiento, en datos de prueba o datos no vistos por el algoritmo.
GERAKAN INDONESIA TANPA PACARAN (ITP): DARI RESEPSI AL-QUR’AN DAN HADIS HINGGA KONSTRUKSI SOSIAL
Authors: Fatmawati Fatimah
Published: May 2022

Abstrak:

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gerakan Indonesia Tanpa Pacaran dalam perspektif resepsi al-Qur’an hadits dan Konstruksi Sosial Berger dan Luckman. Secara lebih rinci, penelitian ini menjawab tiga pertanyaan, yaitu bagaimana konsep Gerakan ITP, bagaimana resepsi al-Qur’an dan Hadis pendiri Gerakan ITP, dan bagaiman kontruksi pengetahuan atas gerakan tersebut. Sebagai sebuah gerakan, ITP memiliki lima elemen penting, elemen tersebut adalah people dan participant, goals dan agendas, serta targets. Sedangkan dalam kacamata konstruksi sosial, suatu realitas sosial mengalami tiga momen eksternalisasi-objektivasi-internalisasi yang berjalan secara simultan. Ayat larangan berzina dan hadis mengenai larangan berdua-duaan dengan yang bukan mahram diresepsi oleh La Ode sebagai larangan pacaran. Dialektika antara teks dan realita sekitar(di mana La Ode memiliki pandangan bahwa pacaran menimbulkan kerusakan yang besar bagi generasi muslim) menyebabkan terbentuknya gerakan Indonesia Tanpa Pacaran. Gagasan ini dieksternalisasi kepada masyarakat pada tanggal 7 September 2015. Setelah gerakan ITP mewujud dalam realitas masyarakat, lambat laun gerakan tersebut mendapat legitimasi. Akun-akun media sosialnya diikuti oleh jutaan masyarakat. Proses inilah yang disebut sebagai objektivasi. Selanjutnya, opini yang ditanamkan, baik melalui kampanye akbar maupun postingan di media sosial secara rutin dan berkala mengenai bahaya pacaran, diinternalisasi oleh para member dan simpatisannya. Internalisasi ini kemudian membentuk perilaku anti pacaran pada masyarakat.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Event Organizer Wisata Garut Berbasis Web
Authors: Rahayu Raden Erwin Gunadhi , Fatimah Dini Destiani Siti , Sukmajaya Fikri
Published: May 2022

Wisatawan mempunyai beragam keinginan seperti ada yang ingin mengadakan sebuah acara di tempat liburan ada juga yang hanya sekedar berlibur, namun bagi wisatawan yang hendak mengadakan suatu acara di tempat wisata akan mengalami kesulitan karena harus survey langsung kelokasi untuk menetahui akomodasi biaya, dan juga menyiapkan beberapa peralatan yang dibutuhkan untuk penunjang acara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat aplikasi event organizer di tempat wisata Garut berbasis web untuk membantu memudahkan wisatawan yang hendak berwisata sambil mengadakan suatu event atau acara agar liburannya lebih menarik. Metodologi dalam perancangan aplikasi ini adalah Rational Unified Process (RUP) dengan bebrapa tahapan yaitu Inception, Elaboration, Construction, Transittion serta menggunakan pemodelan Unified Modeling Language (UML). Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa aplikasi event organizer wisata garut berbasis web.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease versus metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: Prevalence, outcomes and implications of a change in name
Authors: Ng Cheng Han , Huang Daniel Q. , Nguyen Mindie H.
Published: May 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects about a third of the world’s adult population and is a major public health concern. NAFLD is defined by the presence of hepatic steatosis and the absence of other causes of liver disease. As NAFLD is closely associated with the presence of the metabolic syndrome, several experts have called for a change in nomenclature from NAFLD to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to better reflect the underlying pathophysiology of NAFLD as a metabolically driven disease and shift to a “positive” diagnostic criteria rather than one of exclusion. Recent studies have suggested that the global prevalence of MAFLD is higher than that of NAFLD, and patients with MAFLD have more metabolic comorbidities compared to those with NAFLD. Emerging data also suggest that all-cause and cardiovascular mortality may be higher in MAFLD compared with NAFLD. In this synopsis, we discuss differences in clinical features, prevalence and clinical outcomes between NAFLD and MAFLD. In addition, we highlight the advantages and disadvantages of a name change from NAFLD to MAFLD from the perspective of the scientific community, care providers and patients.
Innovative Teaching Methods Role in Improving the Education Quality on the Example of Primary Experimental Methodology
Authors: Iarmatov M. , Abdyrakhmanova Zh. , Abdullaeva Zh. , Sadyrbaeva A. , Umarova N. , Asanbekova U.
Published: May 2022

Research relevance: at present, innovative methods are widely used in educational institutions of all levels for the creation and development of students' cognitive abilities, self-knowledge, self-knowledge, formation. Research objectives: to determine innovative teaching methods role in improving the education quality using primary experimental methods. Research materials and methods: examples and stages in experimental work chemistry classes are given that develop a full range of practical skills and opportunities for students in the teaching process. Research results: innovative and non-traditional teaching methods are ways of organizing interaction between a teacher and a student and independent learning activities of students in the learning process. Conclusions: active use of innovative and non-traditional methods improves interaction, reads material faster and remembers information received during the discussion.
The Expression Dynamics of piRNAs Derived From Male Germline piRNA Clusters and Retrotransposons
Authors: Kawase Masaki , Ichiyanagi Kenji
Published: May 2022

In mammals, germ cells produce a class of small regulatory RNAs called PIWI-interacting RNAs or piRNAs, which are 25–32 nucleotides in length. The profile of testicular piRNAs changes during development. The piRNAs detected in fetal testes at embryonic day 13.5 and later are called fetal piRNAs. The piRNAs detected in testes in a period where germ cells do not yet enter the pachytene stage of meiotic prophase I are called pre-pachytene piRNAs, whereas those in testes at later postnatal days are called pachytene piRNAs. Here, to elucidate the exact expression dynamics of these piRNAs during development, we compared piRNAs present in male germ cells at different stages, which were purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and those in embryonic testes. The analysis identified three distinct groups of piRNA clusters: prospermatogonial, early, and late clusters. piRNA length was largely correlated with the repertoire of PIWI-like proteins in respective germ cells; however, the late piRNA clusters tended to generate longer (PIWIL1-type) piRNAs, whereas the early clusters tended to generate shorter (PIWIL2-type) piRNAs, suggesting a cluster- or sequence-dependent mechanism for loading onto PIWI-like proteins. Retrotransposon-derived piRNAs, particularly evolutionary young retrotransposons, were abundantly produced in prospermatogonia, however, their abundance declined as development proceeded. Thus, in later stages, retrotransposon-derived piRNAs were not enriched with those from evolutionary young elements. The results revealed that, depending on the piRNA clusters from which they are derived, longer PIWIL1-type piRNAs are produced earlier, and shorter PIWIL2-type piRNAs remain in a longer period, than previously thought.
NADPH Oxidase 4: A Potential Therapeutic Target of Malignancy
Authors: Gong Shulei , Wang Shiyang , Shao Mingrui
Published: May 2022

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in the regulation of tumor occurrence and development. As a main source of ROS, NADPH oxidases are key enzymes that mediate electron transport within intracellular membranes. Of the NOX members that have been reported to be dysregulated in a wide variety of tumors, NOX4 is the member to be most frequently expressed. Numerous studies have elucidated that NOX4 gets involved in the regulation of tumor proliferation, metastasis, therapy resistance, tumor-stromal interaction and dysregulated tumor metabolism. In this review, we primarily discussed the biological function of NOX4 in tumorigenesis and progression of multiple cancer models, including its role in activating oncogenic signaling pathways, rewiring the metabolic phenotype and mediating immune response. Besides, the development of NOX4 inhibitors has also been unraveled. Herein, we discussed the interplay between NOX4 and tumorigenesis, proposing NOX4 as a promising therapeutic target waiting for further exploration.
Classification of Cardiotocography Based on the Apriori Algorithm and Multi-Model Ensemble Classifier
Authors: Chen Meng , Yin Zhixiang
Published: May 2022

Cardiotocography (CTG) recorded fetal heart rate and its temporal relationship with uterine contractions. CTG intelligent classification plays an important role in evaluating fetal health and protecting fetal normal growth and development throughout pregnancy. At the feature selection level, this study uses the Apriori algorithm to search frequent item sets for feature extraction. At the level of the classification model, the combination model of AdaBoost and random forest with the highest classification accuracy is finally selected by comparing various models. The suspicious class data in the CTG data set affect the overall classification accuracy. The number of suspicious class data is predicted by the multi-model ensemble method. Finally, the data set is fused from three classifications to two classifications. The classification accuracy is 0.976, and the AUC is 0.98, which significantly improves the classification effect. In conclusion, the method used in this study has high accuracy in model classification, which is helpful to improve the accuracy of fetal abnormality detection.
Neuroimmune Interaction: A Widespread Mutual Regulation and the Weapons for Barrier Organs
Authors: Zhu Yan , Duan Shixin , Wang Mei , Deng Zhili , Li Ji
Published: May 2022

Since the embryo, the nervous system and immune system have been interacting to regulate each other’s development and working together to resist harmful stimuli. However, oversensitive neural response and uncontrolled immune attack are major causes of various diseases, especially in barrier organs, while neural-immune interaction makes it worse. As the first defense line, the barrier organs give a guarantee to maintain homeostasis in external environment. And the dense nerve innervation and abundant immune cell population in barrier organs facilitate the neuroimmune interaction, which is the physiological basis of multiple neuroimmune-related diseases. Neuroimmune-related diseases often have complex mechanisms and require a combination of drugs, posing challenges in finding etiology and treatment. Therefore, it is of great significance to illustrate the specific mechanism and exact way of neuro-immune interaction. In this review, we first described the mutual regulation of the two principal systems and then focused on neuro-immune interaction in the barrier organs, including intestinal tract, lungs and skin, to clarify the mechanisms and provide ideas for clinical etiology exploration and treatment.
The Biological Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Osteoporosis: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Kang Xin , Wen Xiaodong , Liang Jingqi , Liu Liang , Zhang Yan , Wang Qiong , Zhao Hongmou
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute coronavirus disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus represents an ongoing threat to human health and well-being. Notably, many COVID-19 patients suffer from complications consistent with osteoporosis (OP) following disease resolution yet the mechanistic links between SARS-CoV-2 infection and OP remain to be clarified. The present study was thus developed to explore the potential basis for this link by employing transcriptomic analyses to identify signaling pathways and biomarkers associated with OP and SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, a previously published RNA-sequencing dataset (GSE152418) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OP patients and individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 as a means of exploring the underlying molecular mechanisms linking these two conditions. In total, 2,885 DEGs were identified by analyzing the COVID-19 patient dataset, with shared DEGs then being identified by comparison of these DEGs with those derived from an OP patient dataset. Hub genes were identified through a series of bioinformatics approaches and protein-protein interaction analyses. Predictive analyses of transcription factor/gene interactions, protein/drug interactions, and DEG/miRNA networks associated with these DEGs were also conducted. Together, these data highlight promising candidate drugs with the potential to treat both COVID-19 and OP.
Synthesis of 2-Nitro-2,3-Unsaturated Glycosides by a Nanomagnetic Catalyst Fe3O4@C@Fe(III)
Authors: Yang Yu , Jiang Nan , Mei Yuling , Ding Zekun , Zhang Jianbo
Published: May 2022

A sustainable magnetic core-shell nanocatalyst Fe3O4@C@Fe(III) was successfully applied in the synthesis of a series of 2-nitro-2,3-unsaturated O-glycosides with excellent yields (up to 89%) and high stereoselectivity (α:β > 19:1). The substrate ranges are widely applicable, including different kinds of alcohols and even structurally complex acceptors. In addition, phenols could be applied in good yields. Moreover, the catalyst could be easily separated from the reaction by the application of an external magnetic force and reused a minimum of five times without any significant decrease in catalytic performance.
Co-Delivery of Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine Using CdTe-Labeled Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Treatment of Acute and Chronic Brucellosis
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Mostafa , Farmany Abbas , Alikhani Mohammad Yousef , Taheri Mohammad , Asl Sara Soleimani , Alamian Saeed , Arabestani Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2022

Brucellosis is a systemic disease in both acute and chronic forms which can affect any organ or tissue in the body. One of the biggest issues in treating this disease is its relapse. In this study, a complete treatment of brucellosis was evaluated using enhanced performance of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine drugs by using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) conjugated cadmium-telluride quantum dots. The double emulsion method was used to prepare SLN and cadmium-telluride quantum dots. The physicochemical properties of NPs were determined. The effect of nanoparticle-loaded antibiotics against Brucella melitensis was determined by well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), cell culture, and animal studies. The means of particle size, PDI, zeta potential, drugs loading, and encapsulation efficiency were 214 ± 25 nm, 0.385 ± 0.022, −18.7 ± 2.3 mV, 17.7 ± 1.5%, and 94.15 ± 2.6%, respectively. The results of FTIR and DSC showed that no chemical reaction occurred between the components of the NPs. The effect of free drug and NPs on bacteria was the same by well diffusion and MIC method. Drug-loaded NPs significantly reduced the number of CFUs in the cell line and acute and chronic brucellosis compared to the free drug. In conclusion, the synthesized nanoparticles were safe and green. With the slow release of the drug (100 h), the accumulation of the drug at the bacterial site increases and causes a greater effect on the B. melitensis and improves the disease of brucellosis. The use of synthesized nanodrugs in this study had promising therapeutic results.
Green Photocatalysis of Organic Pollutants by Bimetallic Zn-Zr Metal-Organic Framework Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Xiaojuan , Yu Rongfei , Wang Dandan , Li Weihua , Zhang Yutao
Published: May 2022

A series of bimetallic Zn-Zr metal-organic frameworks (Zn-Zr MOFs) with different Zn:Zr molar ratios has been synthesized via a green hydrothermal method. The structures and morphologies of these photocatalysts have been characterized and analyzed by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. The prepared Zn-Zr MOFs had large specific surface areas and pore volumes, favoring the adsorption of pollutant molecules, which in turn led to an improved photocatalytic effect. The photocatalytic activities of the Zn-Zr MOFs under visible light irradiation have been studied towards rhodamine B (RhB) as a target pollutant. The extent of degradation of RhB in a 40 mg/L aqueous solution reached 97.4%. The optimal photocatalyst could also degrade other dyes, suggesting a certain degree of universality.
Exploring the Causal Effect of Constipation on Parkinson’s Disease Through Mediation Analysis of Microbial Data
Authors: Fu Shih-Chen , Shih Ling-Chieh , Wu Pei-Hua , Hsieh Yi-Chen , Lee Chung-Han , Lin Sheng-Hsuan , Wang Hsiuying
Published: May 2022

Background and Aims

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a worldwide neurodegenerative disease with an increasing global burden, while constipation is an important risk factor for PD. The gastrointestinal tract had been proposed as the origin of PD in Braak’s gut–brain axis hypothesis, and there is increasing evidence indicating that intestinal microbial alteration has a role in the pathogenesis of PD. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of intestinal microbial alteration in the mechanism of constipation-related PD.

Methods

We adapted our data from Hill‐Burns et al., in which 324 participants were enrolled in the study. The 16S rRNA gene sequence data were processed, aligned, and categorized using DADA2. Mediation analysis was used to test and quantify the extent by which the intestinal microbial alteration explains the causal effect of constipation on PD incidence.

Results

We found 18 bacterial genera and 7 species significantly different between groups of constipated and non-constipated subjects. Among these bacteria, nine genera and four species had a significant mediation effect between constipation and PD. All of them were short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria that were substantially related to PD. Results from the mediation analysis showed that up to 76.56% of the effect of constipation on PD was mediated through intestinal microbial alteration.

Conclusion

Our findings support that gut dysbiosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of constipation-related PD, mostly through the decreasing of SCFA-producing bacteria, indicating that probiotics with SCFA-producing bacteria may be promising in the prevention and treatment of constipation-related PD.

Limitations

1) Several potential confounders that should be adjusted were not provided in the original dataset. 2) Our study was conducted based on the assumption of constipation being the etiology of PD; however, constipation and PD may mutually affect each other. 3) Further studies are necessary to explain the remaining 23.44% effect leading to PD by constipation.
Phenol-Soluble Modulins From Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms Form Complexes With DNA to Drive Autoimmunity
Authors: Grando Kaitlyn , Nicastro Lauren K. , Tursi Sarah A. , De Anda Jaime , Lee Ernest Y. , Wong Gerard C. L. , Tükel Çağla
Published: May 2022

The bacterial amyloid curli, produced by Enterobacteriales including Salmonella species and Escherichia coli, is implicated in the pathogenesis of several complex autoimmune diseases. Curli binds to extracellular DNA, and these complexes drive autoimmunity via production of anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibodies. Here, we investigated immune activation by phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs), the amyloid proteins expressed by Staphylococcus species. We confirmed the amyloid nature of PSMs expressed by S. aureus using a novel specific amyloid stain, (E,E)-1-fluoro-2,5-bis(3-hydroxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy) styrylbenzene (FSB). Direct interaction of one of the S. aureus PSMs, PSMα3, with oligonucleotides promotes fibrillization of PSM amyloids and complex formation with bacterial DNA. Finally, utilizing a mouse model with an implanted mesh-associated S. aureus biofilm, we demonstrated that exposure to S. aureus biofilms for six weeks caused anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibody production in a PSM-dependent manner. Taken together, these results highlight how the presence of PSM-DNA complexes in S. aureus biofilms can induce autoimmune responses, and suggest an explanation for how bacterial infections trigger autoimmunity.
Individual and Sociolinguistic Differences in Language Background Predict Stroop Performance
Authors: Freeman Max R. , Robinson Anthony Jonathan J. D. , Marian Viorica , Blumenfeld Henrike K.
Published: May 2022

To examine how differences in language experience and sociolinguistic context impact cognitive control, 146 Spanish-English bilingual participants were tested on a non-linguistic Stroop arrows task. Dimensions of language experience included a continuum of L2 proficiency, exposure, age of L2 acquisition, and English receptive vocabulary, along with cognitive non-verbal reasoning. Sociolinguistic context varied with more exposure to Spanish for participants in Southern California (SoCal) than in the Midwest. The task involved perceptual stimulus-stimulus conflict within stimulus features (e.g., right-pointing arrow on the left side of a display). Reaction times to trials where arrow location and direction matched (congruent), mismatched (incongruent), or arrow location was centered (neutral) were used to calculate Stroop (incongruent-congruent), facilitation (neutral-congruent), and inhibition (incongruent-neutral) effects. When examining performance on a continuum of bilingual language experience, individual differences in linguistic background (i.e., L2 proficiency and exposure, receptive vocabulary) and cognitive abilities (i.e., non-verbal reasoning abilities) predicted more efficient performance on the Stroop task. Across sociolinguistic contexts, findings revealed better performance via smaller Stroop and facilitation effects in the Midwest than in SoCal, and no group difference on the inhibition effect. We conclude that research on the cognitive consequences of bilingualism must consider a continuum of language experiences and must be situated in broader naturalistic contexts that take into account the sociolinguistic environments of language use.
Designing Interactions With Shared AVs in Complex Urban Mobility Scenarios
Authors: Hoggenmueller Marius , Tomitsch Martin , Worrall Stewart
Published: May 2022

In this article, we report on the design and evaluation of an external human-machine interface (eHMI) for a real autonomous vehicle (AV), developed to operate as a shared transport pod in a pedestrianized urban space. We present insights about our human-centered design process, which included testing initial concepts through a tangible toolkit and evaluating 360-degree recordings of a staged pick-up scenario in virtual reality. Our results indicate that in complex mobility scenarios, participants filter for critical eHMI messages; further, we found that implicit cues (i.e., pick-up manoeuvre and proximity to the rider) influence participants' experience and trust, while at the same time more explicit interaction modes are desired. This highlights the importance of considering interactions with shared AVs as a service more holistically, in order to develop knowledge about AV-pedestrian interactions in complex mobility scenarios that complements more targeted eHMI evaluations.
The Combination of Feature Tracking and Late Gadolinium Enhancement for Identification Between Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Hypertensive Heart Disease
Authors: Liu Shengliang , Li Yunling , Zhao Yanming , Wang Xueying , Wu Zhiyuan , Gu Xia , Xu Bing , Li Ye , Tian Jinwei , Cui Jinjin , Wang Guokun , Yu Bo
Published: May 2022

Background

The differentiation between hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and hypertensive heart disease (HHD) is challenging due to similar myocardial hypertrophic phenotype. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT) and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) to distinguish between HCM and HHD and the potential relationship between myocardial strain and cardiac functional parameters.

Methods

One hundred and seventy subjects (57 HCM, 45 HHD, and 68 controls) underwent 3.0 T CMR, including steady-state free precession cines and LGE images. Global and segmental (basal, mid, and apical) analyses of myocardial radial, circumferential, longitudinal strain, and left ventricular (LV) torsion, as well as global and 16 segments of LGE were assessed. The multivariate analysis was used to predict the diagnostic ability by combining comprehensive myocardial strain parameters and LGE.

Results

Global radial strain (GRS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and LV torsion were significantly higher in the HCM group than in the HHD group (GRS, 21.18 ± 7.52 vs. 14.56 ± 7.46%; GCS, −13.34 ± 3.52 vs. −10.11 ± 4.13%; torsion, 1.79 ± 0.69 vs. 1.23 ± 0.65 deg/cm, all P < 0.001). A similar trend was also seen in the corresponding strain rate. As for segmental strain analysis, basal radial strain (BRS), basal circumferential strain (BCS), basal longitudinal strain (BLS), mid-radial strain (MRS), and mid-circumferential strain (MCS) were higher in the HCM group than in the HHD group (all P < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of LGE in the mid-interventricular septum (mIVS) was the highest among global and segmental LGE analyses. On the multivariate regression analysis, a combined model of LGE (mIVS) with GRS obtained the highest AUC value, which was 0.835 with 88.89% sensitivity and 70.18% specificity, respectively. In addition, for patients with HCM, GRS, GCS, and global longitudinal strain had correlations with LV ejection fraction (LVEF), maximum interventricular septum thickness (IVST max), and left ventricular mass index (LVMi). Torsion was mildly associated with LVEF.

Conclusion

CMR-FT-derived myocardial strain and torsion provided valuable methods for evaluation of HCM and HHD. In addition, the combination of GRS and LGE (mIVS) achieved the highest diagnostic value.
Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Coupling Predicts the Risk Stratification in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Lai Jinzhi , Zhao Jiuliang , Li Kaiwen , Qin Xiaohan , Wang Hui , Tian Zhuang , Wang Qian , Li Mengtao , Guo Xiaoxiao , Liu Yongtai , Zeng Xiaofeng
Published: May 2022

Background

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc). PAH has high mortality, and risk assessment is critical for proper management. Whether the right ventricle to pulmonary artery (RV-PA) coupling accurately assesses risk status and predicts prognosis in patients with SSc-associated PAH has not been investigated.

Methods

Between March 2010 and July 2018, 60 consecutive patients with SSc-associated PAH diagnosed by right heart catheterization were enrolled prospectively, and the mean follow-up period was 52.9 ± 27.0 months. The RV-PA coupling was assessed by the ratio of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) which was obtained by transthoracic echocardiography. The simplified risk stratification strategy was applied to assess the risk level of participants, and the endpoint was a composite of all-cause death and clinical worsening.

Results

The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the ability to determine high-risk patients identified the optimal cut-off value of the TAPSE/PASP ratio as 0.194 mm/mmHg, and the ratio appeared to be a reliable indicator in the stratification of patients with high risk (area under the curve = 0.878, ROC P-value = 0.003), which showed the highest positive likelihood ratio (LR) (5.4) and the lowest negative LR (0) among a series of echocardiographic parameters. The TAPSE/PASP ratio was an independent predictive factor (HR = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00–0.77, P = 0.037) for the composite endpoint, and patients with a TAPSE/PASP ratio >0.194 had a better overall survival for both the composite endpoint (log-rank χ2 = 5.961, P = 0.015) and all-cause mortality (log-rank χ2 = 8.004, P = 0.005) compared to the patients with a TAPSE/PASP ≤ 0.194.

Conclusion

RV-PA coupling assessed by the TAPSE/PASP ratio provides added value as a straightforward and non-invasive approach for predicting risk stratification of patients with SSc-associated PAH. Meanwhile, a lower TAPSE/PASP ratio identified a subgroup with worse prognosis.
The Atypical Cadherin FAT1 Limits Mitochondrial Respiration and Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Riascos-Bernal Dario F. , Maira Alishba , Sibinga Nicholas E. S.
Published: May 2022

Smooth muscle cells contribute to cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. The capacity of these cells to undergo phenotypic switching in mature arteries of the systemic circulation underlies their pathogenic role in atherosclerosis and restenosis, among other vascular diseases. Growth factors and cytokines, extracellular matrix components, regulation of gene expression, neuronal influences, and mechanical forces contribute to smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching. Comparatively little is known about cell metabolism in this process. Studies of cancer and endothelial cell biology have highlighted the importance of cellular metabolic processes for phenotypic transitions that accompany tumor growth and angiogenesis. However, the understanding of cell metabolism during smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation is incipient. Studies of the atypical cadherin FAT1, which is strongly upregulated in smooth muscle cells in response to arterial injury, suggest that it has important and distinctive functions in this context, mediating control of both smooth muscle cell mitochondrial metabolism and cell proliferation. Here we review the progress made in understanding how FAT1 affects the smooth muscle cell phenotype, highlighting the significance of FAT1 as a processed protein and unexpected regulator of mitochondrial respiration. These mechanisms suggest how a transmembrane protein may relay signals from the extracellular milieu to mitochondria to control metabolic activity during smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching.