bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A young woman with atypical McCune–Albright syndrome and the difficult road to recovery: a case report
Authors: Wang Hongbin , Wang Hao , Liu Heng , Yang Xin , Meng Zhichao , Cao Yongping
Published: February 2024

Background

Fiber dysplasia is a complex condition that presents with various clinical manifestations, such as deformity, dysfunction, pathological fractures, and endocrine disorders. McCune–Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare subtype of fiber dysplasia. This article reports a case of atypical McCune–Albright syndrome in a patient with a femoral neck fracture.

Case presentation

A patient with atypical McCune–Albright syndrome sustained a right femoral neck fracture and underwent multiple treatments, including total hip replacement, intravenous infusion of zoledronic acid, oral calcium supplementation, right supracondylar osteotomy, orthopedic surgery, plate and screw internal fixation for a left femoral shaft fracture, and removal of the right femoral plate. The patient also developed a submaxillary infection complicated by mandibular osteonecrosis.

Conclusion

Patients with MAS may experience rare complications as a result of their unique condition, regardless of whether they receive drug or surgical treatment. Therefore, personalized drug regimens and feasible surgical options are necessary.
Chewing lice of wild birds in Iran: new data and a checklist of avian louse species reported in Iran
Authors: Bahiraei Zahra , Sazmand Alireza , Khedri Javad , Babaei Mohammad , Moeinifard Erfan , Dik Bilal
Published: February 2024

Between September 2019 and December 2023, a total of 612 wild birds representing 16 orders, 33 families, 60 genera, and 78 species from nine provinces of Iran with different climates namely Hamedan (n = 54), Sistan-va-Baluchestan (n = 372), Kerman (n = 73), South Khorasan (n = 52), Mazandaran (n = 7), Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari (n = 2), Gilan (n = 2), Golestan (n = 18), North Khorasan (n = 9), and Razavi Khorasan (n = 23) were examined for chewing lice infestation. Naked eye examination revealed that 58 birds (9.5%) were infested with at least one chewing louse species. Collected lice specimens belonged to 28 species from the families Philopteridae, Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae including Strigiphilus strigis (n = 55, 15.6%), Falcolipeurus quadripustulatus (n = 41, 11.6%), Craspedorrhynchus platystomus (n = 40, 11.3%), Colpocephalum turbinatum (n = 36, 10.2%), Laemobothrion maximum (n = 25, 7.1%), Nosopon lucidum (n = 20, 5.6%), Degeeriella fulva (n = 18, 5.1%), Colpocephalum eucarenum (n = 16, 4.5%), Laemobothrion vulturis (n = 15, 4.2%), Anaticola crassicornis (n = 13, 3.7%), Craspedorrhynchus aquilinus (n = 9, 2.5%), Degeeriella fusca (n = 7, 2.0%), Aegypoecus trigonoceps (n = 7, 2.0%), Quadraceps obscurus (n = 6, 1.7%), Colpocephalum impressum (n = 6, 1.7%), Trinoton querquedulae (n = 6, 1.7%), Colpocephalum heterosoma (n = 5, 1.4%), Colpocephalum nanum (n = 5, 1.4%), Lunaceps holophaeus (n = 4, 1.1%), Quadraceps spp. (n = 4, 1.1%), Actornithophilus uniseriatus (n = 2, 0.6%), Nosopon chanabense (n = 2, 0.6%), Actornithophilus cornutus (n = 1, 0.3%), Cuclotogaster heterographus (n = 1, 0.3%), Falcolipeurus suturalis (n = 1, 0.3%), Laemobothrion atrum (n = 1, 0.3%), Colpocephalum gypsi (n = 1, 0.3%), and Rallicola cuspidatus (n = 1, 0.3%). All of these species except six, i.e., Trinoton spp., C. aquilinus, L. vulturis, L. maximum, C. impressum, C. turbinatum, and C. heterographus are recorded for the first time from Iran. This study is the largest epidemiological study to date performed in the country. Data reported herein contribute to our knowledge about diversity of avian chewing lice from wild birds in Iran. In this paper, an updated checklist of louse species reported from Iran according to their avian hosts is presented.
The Role of Family Ownership on Internationalization Strategies
Authors: Costa Joana , Barbosa João
Published: February 2024

The present study examines the impact of family ownership and control on the internationalization strategies of Portuguese manufacturing firms. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing evidence that different forms of international market presence are asymmetrically influenced by family control and by underscoring the importance of innovative strategies. The analysis includes a sample of 25,533 firms observed from 2018 to 2021. Econometric models address the role of ownership in alternative internationalization endeavors, demonstrating that these firms differ from their non-family counterparts. By comparing the export propensity, intensity, and reach of family businesses to non-family businesses, the research sheds light on the challenges faced by family-owned firms and the significance of structural characteristics such as technological regimes and regional competitive advantages. The findings emphasize the negative impact of family presence on internationalization while highlighting the importance of innovation and ecosystem support. Additionally, the study contributes to the empirical refinement of firm classification by proposing a more reliable segmentation method. It also presents alternative econometric methods to appraise internationalization strategies better. Future research directions are suggested, particularly regarding the use of additional information related to innovation and human capital, offering insights for enhancing the global engagement of family businesses in global markets. This research provides valuable empirical evidence and practical implications for policymakers and practitioners seeking to support the required actions to promote the growth and internationalization of family businesses in the context of the Portuguese manufacturing industry.
Experiments of Lift-Bending Response on a Slender UAV Wing Structure with Control Surface under Extreme Flow Turbulence
Authors: Ayele Wolduamlak , Maldonado Victor , Parameswaran Siva
Published: February 2024

The aeroelastic response of lightweight low-speed aircrafts with slender wings under extreme flow turbulence intensity is not well understood. Experiments on a commercial unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with a 3 m wingspan and aspect ratio of 13.6 were performed in a large open-return wind tunnel with extreme flow turbulence intensity of ≈10%. The wing bending displacement and the flow beneath the wing were measured by using laser-displacement sensors and tomographic particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques, respectively. The unsteady lift produced by the wing was also measured by using a high-capacity load cell at an angle of attack of two degrees for three freestream velocities of 13.4 m/s, 17.9 m/s, and 26.8 m/s, representing the UAV’s stall speed, a speed approximately equal to the cruise speed, and a speed considerably higher than the cruise speed, respectively. It was found that a high flow turbulence intensity with large integral length scales relative to the wing chord plays a dominant role in the large unsteady lift and wing displacements measured. The power spectral density (PSD) of the wing structural vibration shows that flow shedding from the wing and the integral length scales have a significant impact on the overall power inherent in the bending vibration of the wing. Computations of the vorticity isosurfaces in the flow measurement volume surrounding the aileron reveal a striking observation: an aileron deflection of 10° becomes less effective in producing additional spanwise vorticity, which is proportional to circulation and lift at 26.8 m/s since the freestream already has elevated levels of vorticity. A paradigm shift in design is suggested for light aircraft structures with slender wings operating in highly turbulent flow, which is to employ multiple control surfaces in order to respond to this flow and mitigate large bending or torsion displacements and the probability of structural failure.
Cross-Species Transferability of SSR Markers for Analyzing Genetic Diversity of Different Vicia species Collections
Authors: López-Román María Isabel , De la Rosa Lucía , Marcos-Prado Teresa , Ramírez-Parra Elena
Published: February 2024

Legumes play an essential role in sustainable agriculture due to their ability to fix nitrogen and high protein content. Vicia is a relevant genus of the Fabaceae family that includes important crop species, such as V. faba and V. sativa, but also other species considered minor crops. They are mainly used as animal feed and usually cope resiliently with extreme conditions; therefore, they could play an essential role in sustainable agriculture under the present scenario of climate change and growing population. However, the scarcity of commercial cultivars limits their use. The Spanish National Plant Genetic Resources Center has collections of several species of the genus Vicia, including international landraces, which could be an essential source of biodiversity for breeding programs. These seed resources are underutilized due to the limited availability of characterization data, including the lack of molecular markers for these species. In this study, we analyzed the cross-transferability of SSR (simple sequence repeat) molecular markers from V. sativa and V. ervilia to distinct species of the genus Vicia. We also used heterologous validated markers for the genotypic characterization and genetic diversity analysis of almost 500 accessions of three undercharacterized Vicia collections: V. articulata (one-flower vetch), V. ervilia (bitter vetch), and V. narbonensis (narbon bean or French vetch). Subsequently, these molecular data were integrated with passport and agromorphological data to select representative varieties from these Vicia collections and establish core collections, with minimum loss of genetic diversity versus the Spanish total collections. The characterization of these legume collections is an essential step from an economic and ecological point of view to obtain selected Vicia varieties to be used in sustainable agriculture.
The Role of the TLR4-MyD88 Signaling Pathway in the Immune Response of the Selected Scallop Strain “Hongmo No. 1” to Heat Stress
Authors: Yue Chenyang , Zhang Kexin , Liu Zhigang , Lü Wengang , Guo Hui , Zhao Liqiang , Song Xinyu , Fang James Kar-Hei
Published: February 2024

The innate immunity of marine bivalves is challenged upon exposure to heat stress, especially with increases in the frequency and intensity of heat waves. TLR4 serves a classical pattern recognition receptor in recognizing pathogenic microorganisms and activating immune responses. In this study, three genes, HMTLR4, HMMyD88 and HMTRAF6, were characterized as homologs of genes in the TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway in the selected scallop strain “Hongmo No. 1”. According to RT-PCR, acute heat stress (32 °C) inhibited genes in the TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway, and LPS stimulation-induced activation of TLR4-MyD88 signal transduction was also negatively affected at 32 °C. ELISA showed LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or lysozyme (LZM) activity, but this was independent of temperature. RNA interference (RNAi) confirmed that HMTLR4 silencing suppressed the expression of its downstream gene, whether at 24 °C or at 32 °C. The level of TNF-α and the activity of LZM also decreased after injection with dsRNA, indicating a negative effect on the innate immunity of scallops. Additionally, acute heat stress affected the suppression of downstream gene expression when compared with that at 24 °C, which led us to the hypothesis that heat stress directly influences the downstream targets of HMTLR4. These results enrich the knowledge of scallop immunity under heat stress and can be beneficial for the genetic improvement of new scallop strains with higher thermotolerance.
Genomic Characterization of Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Non-baumannii Species from Southern Thailand
Authors: Yaikhan Thunchanok , Chukamnerd Arnon , Singkhamanan Kamonnut , Nokchan Natakorn , Chintakovid Nutwadee , Chusri Sarunyou , Pomwised Rattanaruji , Wonglapsuwan Monwadee , Surachat Komwit
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and virulence characteristics of Acinetobacter non-baumannii isolates obtained from four hospitals in southern Thailand. Clinical data, genome information, and average nucleotide identity (ANI) were analyzed for eight isolates, revealing diverse genetic profiles and novel sequence types (STs). Minimum spanning tree analysis indicated potential clonal spread of certain STs across different geographic regions. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were detected in all isolates, with a high prevalence of genes conferring resistance to carbapenems, highlighting the challenge of antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter spp. infections. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) carrying ARGs were also identified, emphasizing the role of horizontal gene transfer in spreading resistance. Evaluation of virulence-associated genes revealed a diverse range of virulence factors, including those related to biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. However, no direct correlation was found between virulence-associated genes in Acinetobacter spp. and specific clinical outcomes, such as infection severity or patient mortality. This complexity suggests that factors beyond gene presence may influence disease progression and outcomes. This study emphasizes the importance of continued surveillance and molecular epidemiological studies to combat the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter non-baumannii strains. The findings provide valuable insights into the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of this bacteria in southern Thailand, with implications for infection control and antimicrobial management efforts.
A Machine-Learning-Based Failure Mode Classification Model for Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Simple Structural Information
Authors: Kim Subin , Hwang Heejin , Oh Keunyeong , Shin Jiuk
Published: February 2024

The seismically deficient column details in existing reinforced concrete buildings affect the overall behavior of the building depending on the failure type of the column. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a machine-learning-based prediction model for the column failure modes (shear, flexure–shear, and flexure failure modes). For this purpose, artificial neural network (ANN), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF) models were used considering previously collected experimental data. Using four machine learning methodologies, we developed a classification learning model that can predict the column failure modes in terms of the input variables using the concrete compressive strength, steel yield strength, axial load ratio, height-to-dept aspect ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and transverse reinforcement ratio. The performance of each machine learning model was compared and verified by calculating the accuracy, precision, recall, F1-Score, and ROC. Based on the performance measurements of the classification model, the RF model has the highest average value for the classification model performance measurements among the considered learning methods and can conservatively predict the shear failure mode. Thus, the RF model can rapidly predict the column failure modes with the simple column details. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the predicted failure modes from the selected model were exactly same as the failure mode determined from a code-defined equation (traditional method).
A Robust Generator–Harvester for Independent Sensor Systems
Authors: Zukal Jiří , Szabó Zoltán , Kříž Tomáš , Kadlec Radim , Dědková Jamila , Fiala Pavel
Published: February 2024

The research is centered on energy production and harvesting to facilitate the transformation of electrical energy with energy-independent sensor systems, using powering devices in the expected power range of P = 10–10,000 W. A model application case for a harvester is the conversion of energy stored in the compressed gas during expansion; such gas embodies the energy stored in scenarios such as braking a car using an auxiliary pump. Similar systems find use in sensing various quantities in the transport sector (bridge structures, infrastructural components, cars, and other objects). The proposed theoretical harvester models describing the transformation of linear motion energy into electricity provide relevant support for the experiments. In the given context, the results obtained in the designing and construction of a robust motion generator with a primarily linear geometry-based system technology are presented, too. The expected output of electrical power of an N-segment harvester within the tested type is variable, and the design exploits the rectilinear motion generated by an engine using compressed air, a small fuel system, and similar options to obtain an expected/adjustable N-segment power in the range of Psm = 10–500 W. The fundamental structure of the generator core has been continuously numerically modeled, and an experimental setup has been developed to analyze the specific parts and variations in order to validate the concept and to achieve the most suitable parameters with the selected construction materials (a power yield increase of up to 2000 times). A scaled-down version of the model principle was tested in the experiments, and the parameters and results were compared with the predicted theoretical analyses. Generally, the conceptual layout of an enhanced magnetic circuit layout transforming motion energy into electricity was presented and verified.
Differences between Experts and Novices in the Use of Aircraft Maintenance Documentation: Evidence from Eye Tracking
Authors: Paris Florence , Casanova Remy , Bergeonneau Marie-Line , Mestre Daniel
Published: February 2024

Maintenance is a highly procedural activity requiring motor and cognitive engagement. The aim of this experimental study was to examine how expertise affects maintenance tasks, in particular, the use of procedural documents. A total of 22 aircraft maintenance technicians were divided into two groups according to their level of expertise. Helicopter maintenance was evaluated in a real work environment, using an eye tracker, a fixed camera, and NASA-TLX to measure workload. Both groups reported a high mental load. Novices showed elevated levels of effort and mental demand. Experts were faster at all levels of the task and spent less time consulting maintenance documentation. The acquisition of procedural information was greater at the start of the task, where the gap between groups was more pronounced. This may be related to the overall planning of the task, in addition, the task was atomized, with frequent back-and-forth between execution and information intake, for all participants. Novices had a longer document consultation duration, spread over a greater number of consultations, but did not have a higher average consultation time. The results indicate a higher mental load for novices, potentially linked to an increased atomization of the task, as shown by the frequency of consultations.
A Simple Model for Estimating the Hydraulic Conductivity of Unsaturated Soil
Authors: Zhang Ziran , Zhang Maosheng
Published: February 2024

Describing the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soil is very important in predicting water transport. Most current models have complex forms and generally need to be calibrated by the measured unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curve. A simple model, by which it is possible to conveniently predict the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, is proposed in this study. The soil–water characteristic curve and hydraulic conductivity curve are separated into three parts. The soil–water characteristic curve is represented by Fredlund and Xing’s equation. A simple model composed of three lines is proposed for estimating the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soil. The model parameters can be conveniently calibrated from the measured soil–water characteristic curve and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Finally, the proposed model is validated by the experimental data from different soils. The proposed model provides a simple approach to estimating the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soil, which is more convenient for practical application.
Attacking Robot Vision Models Efficiently Based on Improved Fast Gradient Sign Method
Authors: Hong Dian , Chen Deng , Zhang Yanduo , Zhou Huabing , Xie Liang
Published: February 2024

The robot vision model is the basis for the robot to perceive and understand the environment and make correct decisions. However, the security and stability of robot vision models are seriously threatened by adversarial examples. In this study, we propose an adversarial attack algorithm, RMS-FGSM, for robot vision models based on root-mean-square propagation (RMSProp). RMS-FGSM uses an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) to reduce the weight of the historical cumulative squared gradient. Additionally, it can suppress the gradient growth based on an adaptive learning rate. By integrating with the RMSProp, RMS-FGSM is more likely to generate optimal adversarial examples, and a high attack success rate can be achieved. Experiments on two datasets (MNIST and CIFAR-100) and several models (LeNet, Alexnet, and Resnet-101) show that the attack success rate of RMS-FGSM is higher than the state-of-the-art methods. Above all, our generated adversarial examples have a smaller perturbation than those generated by existing methods under the same attack success rate.
Mesoscale Convective Systems and Extreme Precipitation on the West African Coast Linked to Ocean–Atmosphere Conditions during the Monsoon Period in the Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Djakouré Sandrine , Amouin Joël , Kouadio Kouassi Yves , Kacou Modeste
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the importance of convective systems for extreme rainfall along the northern coast of the Gulf of Guinea (GG) and their relationship with atmospheric and oceanic conditions. Convective system data (MCSs), daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and moisture flux anomalies from June to September 2007–2016 are used. The results show that 2/3 of MCSs crossing Abidjan are produced in June, which is the core of the major rainy season. Likewise, 2/3 of MCSs originate from continental areas, while 1/3 come from the ocean. Oceanic MCSs are mostly initiated close to the coast, which also corresponds to the Marine Heat Waves region. Continental MCSs are mostly initiated inland. The results also highlight the moisture flux contribution of three zones which have an impact on the onset and the sustaining of MCSs: (i) the seasonal migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), (ii) the GG across the northern coastline, and finally (iii) the continent. These contributions of moisture fluxes coincide with oceanic warming off Northeast Brazil and the northern coast of the GG both two days before and the day of extreme rainfall events. The ocean contributes to moisten the atmosphere, and therefore to supply and sustain the MCSs during their lifecycle.
Fundamental Characteristics of the Product-Operated Metric Spaces
Authors: Ali Muhammad Usman , Sessa Salvatore , Almalki Yahya , Alansari Monairah
Published: February 2024

In the field of metric fixed point theory, there are several generalized or modified types of metric space. One such type is called multiplicative metric space. It was initially introduced as a modified version of the metric space, but was later found to be equivalent to the metric space. However, it allows the researchers to view the concept of metric space from a different perspective. Consequently, the idea of product-operated metric space is introduced in this article, which is obtained by removing the slackness of the multiplicative metric space. This article also presents some fundamental characteristics of the product-operated metric space and investigates the existence of fixed points for self-maps in product-operated metric spaces.
Continuous Locomotion Mode and Task Identification for an Assistive Exoskeleton Based on Neuromuscular–Mechanical Fusion
Authors: Liu Yao , Chen Chunjie , Wang Zhuo , Tian Yongtang , Wang Sheng , Xiao Yang , Yang Fangliang , Wu Xinyu
Published: February 2024

Human walking parameters exhibit significant variability depending on the terrain, speed, and load. Assistive exoskeletons currently focus on the recognition of locomotion terrain, ignoring the identification of locomotion tasks, which are also essential for control strategies. The aim of this study was to develop an interface for locomotion mode and task identification based on a neuromuscular–mechanical fusion algorithm. The modes of level and incline and tasks of speed and load were explored, and seven able-bodied participants were recruited. A continuous stream of assistive decisions supporting timely exoskeleton control was achieved according to the classification of locomotion. We investigated the optimal algorithm, feature set, window increment, window length, and robustness for precise identification and synchronization between exoskeleton assistive force and human limb movements (human–machine collaboration). The best recognition results were obtained when using a support vector machine, a root mean square/waveform length/acceleration feature set, a window length of 170, and a window increment of 20. The average identification accuracy reached 98.7% ± 1.3%. These results suggest that the surface electromyography–acceleration can be effectively used for locomotion mode and task identification. This study contributes to the development of locomotion mode and task recognition as well as exoskeleton control for seamless transitions.
A Virtual Assistant to Guide Early Postoperative Rehabilitation after Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Pilot Randomized Trial
Authors: Blasco José-María , Navarro-Bosch Marta , Aroca-Navarro José-Enrique , Hernández-Guillén David , Puigcerver-Aranda Pau , Roig-Casasús Sergio
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Rehabilitation can improve outcomes after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). However, low adherence to rehabilitation and compliance rates are some of the main barriers. To address this public health issue, the goal of this research was to pilot test and evaluate the effectiveness of a chatbot to promote adherence to home rehabilitation in patients undergoing RSA. Methods: A randomized pilot trial including patients undergoing RSA and early postoperative rehabilitation was performed. The control group received standard home rehabilitation; the experimental group received the same intervention supervised with a chatbot, with automated interactions that included messages to inform, motivate, and remember the days and exercises for 12 weeks. Compliance with rehabilitation and clinical measures of shoulder function, pain, and quality of life were assessed. Results: 31 patients (17 experimental) with an average age of 70.4 (3.6) completed the intervention. Compliance was higher in the experimental group (77% vs. 65%; OR95% = 2.4 (0.5 to 11.4)). Statistically significant between-group differences with a CI of 95% were found in the QuickDASH questionnaire and self-reported quality of life. No differences were found in the rest of the measures. Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that the chatbot tool can be useful in promoting compliance with early postoperative home rehabilitation in patients undergoing RSA. Future randomized trials with adequate power are warranted to determine the clinical impact of the proposal.
Impact of Difluoromethylornithine and AMXT 1501 on Gene Expression and Capsule Regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Ayoola Moses B. , Shack Leslie A. , Phanstiel Otto , Nanduri Bindu
Published: February 2024

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), a Gram-positive bacterium, poses a significant threat to human health, causing mild respiratory infections to severe invasive conditions. Despite the availability of vaccines, challenges persist due to serotype replacement and antibiotic resistance, emphasizing the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. This study explores the intriguing role of polyamines, ubiquitous, small organic cations, in modulating virulence factors, especially the capsule, a crucial determinant of Spn’s pathogenicity. Using chemical inhibitors, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and AMXT 1501, this research unveils distinct regulatory effects on the gene expression of the Spn D39 serotype in response to altered polyamine homeostasis. DFMO inhibits polyamine biosynthesis, disrupting pathways associated with glucose import and the interconversion of sugars. In contrast, AMXT 1501, targeting polyamine transport, enhances the expression of polyamine and glucose biosynthesis genes, presenting a novel avenue for regulating the capsule independent of glucose availability. Despite ample glucose availability, AMXT 1501 treatment downregulates the glycolytic pathway, fatty acid synthesis, and ATP synthase, crucial for energy production, while upregulating two-component systems responsible for stress management. This suggests a potential shutdown of energy production and capsule biosynthesis, redirecting resources towards stress management. Following DFMO and AMXT 1501 treatments, countermeasures, such as upregulation of stress response genes and ribosomal protein, were observed but appear to be insufficient to overcome the deleterious effects on capsule production. This study highlights the complexity of polyamine-mediated regulation in S. pneumoniae, particularly capsule biosynthesis. Our findings offer valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for modulating capsules in a polyamine-dependent manner, a promising avenue for intervention against S. pneumoniae infections.
Molecular Rapid Test for Identification of Tuna Species
Authors: Gkini Isidora P. , Christopoulos Panagiotis , Conides Alexis , Kalogianni Despina P. , Christopoulos Theodore K.
Published: February 2024

Tuna is an excellent food product, relatively low in calories, that is recommended for a balanced diet. The continuously increasing demand, especially for bluefin-tuna-based food preparations, and its relatively high market price make adulteration by intentionally mixing with other lower-priced tunas more prospective. The development of rapid methods to detect tuna adulteration is a great challenge in food analytical science. We have thus developed a simple, fast, and low-cost molecular rapid test for the visual detection of tuna adulteration. It is the first sensor developed for tuna authenticity testing. The three species studied were Thunnus thynnus (BFT), Thunnus albacares, and Katsuwonus pelamis. DNA was isolated from fresh and heat-treated cooked fish samples followed by PCR. The PCR products were hybridized (10 min) to specific probes and applied to the rapid sensing device. The signal was observed visually in 10–15 min using gold nanoparticle reporters. The method was evaluated employing binary mixtures of PCR products from fresh tissues and mixtures of DNA isolates from heat-treated tissues (canned products) at adulteration percentages of 1–100%. The results showed that the method was reproducible and specific for each tuna species. As low as 1% of tuna adulteration was detected with the naked eye.
Point-of-Care Diagnostic Test for Beta-Thalassemia
Authors: An Ran , Avanaki Alireza , Thota Priyaleela , Nemade Sai , Mehta Amrish , Gurkan Umut A.
Published: February 2024

Hemoglobin (Hb) disorders are among the most common monogenic diseases affecting nearly 7% of the world population. Among various Hb disorders, approximately 1.5% of the world population carries β-thalassemia (β-Thal), affecting 40,000 newborns every year. Early screening and a timely diagnosis are essential for β-thalassemia patients for the prevention and management of later clinical complications. However, in Africa, Southern Europe, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia, where β-thalassemia is most prevalent, the diagnosis and screening for β-thalassemia are still challenging due to the cost and logistical burden of laboratory diagnostic tests. Here, we present Gazelle, which is a paper-based microchip electrophoresis platform that enables the first point-of-care diagnostic test for β-thalassemia. We evaluated the accuracy of Gazelle for the β-Thal screening across 372 subjects in the age range of 4–63 years at Apple Diagnostics lab in Mumbai, India. Additionally, 30 blood samples were prepared to mimic β-Thal intermediate and β-Thal major samples. Gazelle-detected levels of Hb A, Hb F, and Hb A2 demonstrated high levels of correlation with the results reported through laboratory gold standard high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), yielding a Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.99. This ability to obtain rapid and accurate results suggests that Gazelle may be suitable for the large-scale screening and diagnosis of β-Thal.
Correction: Cotovio et al. Regulatory Clearance and Approval of Therapeutic Protocols of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Psychiatric Disorders. Brain Sci. 2023, 13, 1029
Authors: Cotovio Gonçalo , Ventura Fabiana , Rodrigues da Silva Daniel , Pereira Patrícia , Oliveira-Maia Albino J.
Published: February 2024

Missing Citation [...]
Effect of Transient Creep on the Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Walls under Fire
Authors: Chen Jun
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates and reveals the effect of the high-temperature transient creep on the structural performance of RC walls under fire. A theoretical model is established, which explicitly includes the transient creep and accounts for the explosive spalling, the material, and geometric nonlinearities under fire. The effects of the transient creep on the structural response and fire resistance of RC walls with little spalling and with explosive spalling are investigated, respectively, with elucidation of the mechanisms. The influences of wall geometries, concrete properties, and the eccentricity of load on the effect of the transient creep are quantitatively studied. Finally, the results are validated through comparison with tests in the literature. It is revealed that the transient creep significantly reduces the fire resistance of RC walls with little spalling by up to and greater than 60%, by decreasing the deflection toward the heated side. However, it increases the fire resistance of RC walls with explosive spalling by up to about 40% by reducing the spalling extent due to the stress relaxation effect. The stress relaxation effect of the transient creep has a crucial role in determining the spalling manner. The load level, the eccentricity of load, and the wall geometries are key influencing factors which have contrary influences on the effect of the transient creep on the fire resistance of RC walls with little spalling and with explosive spalling.
Prediction of Wet Area of Underwater Tunnel Lining
Authors: Lai Leyi , Zhang Yuanzhu , Xu Kuixin
Published: February 2024

The issue of water seepage poses a significant challenge in tunnel infrastructure. Wet areas are commonly used to evaluate the degree of water seepage in tunnel projects. To investigate the feasibility for numerical simulation to predict a wet area, we selected concrete test blocks with two types of defects—holes and cracks—as the research specimens. Numerical models for various seepage conditions were constructed using TOUGH2, and the results were validated through laboratory experiments. Additionally, the Shenjiamen Subsea Tunnel was simplified into a numerical model, employing TOUGH2 to forecast its future wet area performance within the scope of national standards. The outcomes of our research revealed that point seepage and line seepage exhibited circular and elliptical morphologies, respectively. Moreover, external water pressure and defect size exerted a significant influence on the expansion of the wet area. Notably, the impact of crack width surpassed that of hole diameter. Encouragingly, the numerical models generated using TOUGH2 for unsaturated concrete demonstrated excellent agreement with laboratory test results concerning the geometry, size, and pattern of the wet area. These findings signified the potential of TOUGH2 numerical simulation as a valuable tool in predicting the lifespan of tunnels.
Degradation Effect of Moisture on Mechanical Properties of Kevlar/PVB Composites with TiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Obradović Vera , Sejkot Petr , Zabloudil Adam , Machalická Klára V. , Vokáč Miroslav
Published: February 2024

Kevlar fibers are widely used for industrial and military purposes due to their remarkable mechanical properties, such as their high tenacity and high strength-to-weight ratio. In this study, two-layered Kevlar composite specimens were impregnated with 10 wt.% poly (vinyl butyral)/ethanol solution which contained TiO2 nanoparticles as reinforcement. The concentrations of the nanoparticles were 1 wt.% or 2 wt.% with respect to the poly (vinyl butyral), PVB. The single-axial tensile test and three-point bending test of the Kevlar/PVB composites have been performed according to the ASTM D 3039 and ASTM D 790-03 standards, respectively. The tensile and bending properties of the dry and wet Kevlar/PVB composite specimens after a 56-day immersion are examined in this work. Upon the addition of the 2 wt.% TiO2 nanoparticles, the tensile strength and modulus of the dry specimens without reinforcement were increased by 39.8% and 24.3%, respectively. All the submerged specimens’ tensile and flexural property values were lower than those of the dry specimens. After comparing the wet composite specimens to their dry counterparts, the percentage decrease in tensile strength was approximately 20%. The wet Kevlar/PVB specimens with no TiO2 reinforcement showed the greatest reduction in bending strength, 61.4% less than for the dry Kevlar/PVB specimens, due to the degradation of the PVB matrix. In addition, a numerical simulation of the three-point bending test was carried out in Abaqus.
Hydrogen Production from Hydrous Hydrazine Decomposition Using Ir Catalysts: Effect of the Preparation Method and the Support
Authors: Bellomi Silvio , Motta Davide , Stucchi Marta , Prati Laura , Dimitratos Nikolaos , Villa Alberto
Published: February 2024

Herein, Ir/CeO2 catalysts were prepared using the deposition–precipitation method with NaOH or urea as the precipitating agent or using sol immobilization with tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) as the protective and reducing agent. The effect of the preparation method on Ir catalyst activity was evaluated in the liquid-phase catalytic decomposition of hydrous hydrazine to hydrogen. Ir/CeO2 prepared using sol immobilization and DP NaOH showed the best activity (1740 h−1 and 1541 h−1, respectively) and yield of hydrogen (36.6 and 38.9%). Additionally, the effect of the support was considered, using TiO2 and NiO in addition to CeO2. For this purpose, the sol immobilization of preformed nanoparticles technique was considered because it allows the same morphology of the immobilized particles to be maintained, regardless of the support. Ir deposited on NiO resulted in the most selective catalyst with a H2 yield of 83.9%, showing good stability during recycling tests. The catalysts were characterized using different techniques: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an X-ray detector (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS).
Deep Eutectic Solvents as Catalysts in the Synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Precursors
Authors: Falcini Chiara , Gonzalo Gonzalo de
Published: February 2024

Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) have appeared in recent years as an appealing alternative to classical organic solvents, due to their valuable environmental properties. In addition, these compounds, formed by the combination of one hydrogen bond donor with a hydrogen bond acceptor at a defined stoichiometric ratio, present other valuable activities not only as a reaction medium. DESs can also be employed as catalysts through hydrogen-bond interactions in different chemical transformations, thus substituting hazardous reagents and solvents. The search for novel and more environmentally friendly catalysts is an area of interest of pharmaceutical chemists, and therefore, the efforts made in the application of DESs as catalysts in the synthesis of APIs or its precursors are described, focusing mainly on condensations, nucleophilic additions to carbonyl moieties, and multicomponent reactions.
The Role of FNDC5/Irisin in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Grzeszczuk Maciej , Dzięgiel Piotr , Nowińska Katarzyna
Published: February 2024

Disorders of cardiomyocyte metabolism play a crucial role in many cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure and ischemia–reperfusion injury. In myocardial infarction, cardiomyocyte metabolism is regulated by mitochondrial changes and biogenesis, which allows energy homeostasis. There are many proteins in cells that regulate and control metabolic processes. One of them is irisin (Ir), which is released from the transmembrane protein FNDC5. Initial studies indicated that Ir is a myokine secreted mainly by skeletal muscles. Further studies showed that Ir was also present in various tissues. However, its highest levels were observed in cardiomyocytes. Ir is responsible for many processes, including the conversion of white adipose tissue (WAT) to brown adipose tissue (BAT) by increasing the expression of thermogenin (UCP1). In addition, Ir affects mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, the levels of FNDC5/Ir in the blood and myocardium may be important in cardiovascular disease. This review discusses the current knowledge about the role of FNDC5/Ir in cardiovascular disease.
Filamin C Deficiency Impairs Sarcomere Stability and Activates Focal Adhesion Kinase through PDGFRA Signaling in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Gao Shanshan , He Lingaonan , Lam Chi Keung , Taylor Matthew R. G. , Mestroni Luisa , Lombardi Raffaella , Chen Suet Nee
Published: February 2024

Truncating mutations in filamin C (FLNC) are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. FLNC is an actin-binding protein and is known to interact with transmembrane and structural proteins; hence, the ablation of FLNC in cardiomyocytes is expected to dysregulate cell adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, sarcomere structural integrity, and likely nuclear function. Our previous study showed that the transcriptional profiles of FLNC homozygous deletions in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are highly comparable to the transcriptome profiles of hiPSC-CMs from patients with FLNC truncating mutations. Therefore, in this study, we used CRISPR-Cas-engineered hiPSC-derived FLNC knockout cardiac myocytes as a model of FLNC cardiomyopathy to determine pathogenic mechanisms and to examine structural changes caused by FLNC deficiency. RNA sequencing data indicated the significant upregulation of focal adhesion signaling and the dysregulation of thin filament genes in FLNC-knockout (FLNCKO) hiPSC-CMs compared to isogenic hiPSC-CMs. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the complete loss of FLNC in cardiomyocytes led to cytoskeletal defects and the activation of focal adhesion kinase. Pharmacological inhibition of PDGFRA signaling using crenolanib (an FDA-approved drug) reduced focal adhesion kinase activation and partially normalized the focal adhesion signaling pathway. The findings from this study suggest the opportunity in repurposing FDA-approved drug as a therapeutic strategy to treat FLNC cardiomyopathy.
An Efficient Method for Isolating and Purifying Nuclei from Mice Brain for Single-Molecule Imaging Using High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Qiu Yujia , Sajidah Elma Sakinatus , Kondo Sota , Narimatsu Shinnosuke , Sandira Muhammad Isman , Higashiguchi Yoshiki , Nishide Goro , Taoka Azuma , Hazawa Masaharu , Inaba Yuka , Inoue Hiroshi , Matsushima Ayami , Okada Yuki , Nakada Mitsutoshi , Ando Toshio , Lim Keesiang , Wong Richard W.
Published: February 2024

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) on the nuclear membrane surface have a crucial function in controlling the movement of small molecules and macromolecules between the cell nucleus and cytoplasm through their intricate core channel resembling a spiderweb with several layers. Currently, there are few methods available to accurately measure the dynamics of nuclear pores on the nuclear membranes at the nanoscale. The limitation of traditional optical imaging is due to diffraction, which prevents achieving the required resolution for observing a diverse array of organelles and proteins within cells. Super-resolution techniques have effectively addressed this constraint by enabling the observation of subcellular components on the nanoscale. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that these methods often need the use of fixed samples. This also raises the question of how closely a static image represents the real intracellular dynamic system. High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is a unique technique used in the field of dynamic structural biology, enabling the study of individual molecules in motion close to their native states. Establishing a reliable and repeatable technique for imaging mammalian tissue at the nanoscale using HS-AFM remains challenging due to inadequate sample preparation. This study presents the rapid strainer microfiltration (RSM) protocol for directly preparing high-quality nuclei from the mouse brain. Subsequently, we promptly utilize HS-AFM real-time imaging and cinematography approaches to record the spatiotemporal of nuclear pore nano-dynamics from the mouse brain.
Characterization and Thermal Evaluation of a Novel Bio-Based Natural Insulation Material from Posidonia oceanica Waste: A Sustainable Solution for Building Insulation in Algeria
Authors: Ben Hadj Tahar Dhouha , Triki Zakaria , Guendouz Mohamed , Tahraoui Hichem , Zamouche Meriem , Kebir Mohammed , Zhang Jie , Amrane Abdeltif
Published: February 2024

Natural bio-based insulation materials have been the most interesting products for good performance and low carbon emissions, becoming widely recognized for their sustainability in the context of climate change and the environmental impact of the building industry. The main objective of this study is to characterize a new bio-sourced insulation material composed of fibers and an adhesive based on cornstarch. This innovative material is developed from waste of the marine plant called Posidonia oceanica (PO), abundantly found along the Algerian coastline. The research aims to valorize this PO waste by using it as raw material to create this novel material. Four samples with different volumetric adhesive fractions (15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%) were prepared and tested. The collected fractions underwent a series of characterizations to evaluate their properties. The key characteristics studied include density, thermal conductivity, and specific heat. The results obtained for the thermal conductivity of the different composites range between 0.052 and 0.067 W.m−1.K−1. In addition, the findings for thermal diffusivity and specific heat are similar to those reported in the scientific literature. However, the capillary absorption of the material is slightly lower, which indicates that the developed bio-sourced material exhibits interesting thermal performance, justifying its suitability for use in building insulation in Algeria.