bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tridentate Hydroxy-Functionalised MCM-41-Immobilised Copper(I) Complex as an Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Coupling of Aryl Iodides with Thiols
Authors: Yao Fang , Zhang Rongli , Wu Yichao , Cai Mingzhong
Published: October 2015

The C–S coupling reaction of aryl iodides with thiols was achieved at 110 °C in DMF/dioxane (V/V, 1:9) in the presence of a tridentate hydroxy-functionalised MCM-41-immobilised copper(I) complex [MCM-41-3OH-CuI] with Cs2CO3 as base to afford a variety of diaryl sulfides in good to excellent yields. The MCM-41-3OH-CuI catalyst can be easily recovered by a simple filtration and reused for at least six times without significant loss of activity.
The Hedgehog Signalling Pathway in Cell Migration and Guidance: What We Have Learned from Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Araújo Sofia
Published: October 2015

Cell migration and guidance are complex processes required for morphogenesis, the formation of tumor metastases, and the progression of human cancer. During migration, guidance molecules induce cell directionality and movement through complex intracellular mechanisms. Expression of these molecules has to be tightly regulated and their signals properly interpreted by the receiving cells so as to ensure correct navigation. This molecular control is fundamental for both normal morphogenesis and human disease. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved and known to be crucial for normal cellular growth and differentiation throughout the animal kingdom. The relevance of Hh signaling for human disease is emphasized by its activation in many cancers. Here, I review the current knowledge regarding the involvement of the Hh pathway in cell migration and guidance during Drosophila development and discuss its implications for human cancer origin and progression.
Influence of Fiber Orientation on Single-Point Cutting Fracture Behavior of Carbon-Fiber/Epoxy Prepreg Sheets
Authors: Wei Yingying , An Qinglong , Cai Xiaojiang , Chen Ming , Ming Weiwei
Published: October 2015

The purpose of this article is to investigate the influences of carbon fibers on the fracture mechanism of carbon fibers both in macroscopic view and microscopic view by using single-point flying cutting method. Cutting tools with three different materials were used in this research, namely, PCD (polycrystalline diamond) tool, CVD (chemical vapor deposition) diamond thin film coated carbide tool and uncoated carbide tool. The influence of fiber orientation on the cutting force and fracture topography were analyzed and conclusions were drawn that cutting forces are not affected by cutting speeds but significantly influenced by the fiber orientation. Cutting forces presented smaller values in the fiber orientation of 0/180° and 15/165° but the highest one in 30/150°. The fracture mechanism of carbon fibers was studied in different cutting conditions such as 0° orientation angle, 90° orientation angle, orientation angles along fiber direction, and orientation angles inverse to the fiber direction. In addition, a prediction model on the cutting defects of carbon fiber reinforced plastic was established based on acoustic emission (AE) signals.
Effect of Annealing Process on the Properties of Ni(55%)Cr(40%)Si(5%) Thin-Film Resistors
Authors: Cheng Huan-Yi , Chen Ying-Chung , Li Pei-Jou , Yang Cheng-Fu , Huang Hong-Hsin
Published: October 2015

Resistors in integrated circuits (ICs) are implemented using diffused methods fabricated in the base and emitter regions of bipolar transistor or in source/drain regions of CMOS. Deposition of thin films on the wafer surface is another choice to fabricate the thin-film resistors in ICs’ applications. In this study, Ni(55%)Cr(40%)Si(5%) (abbreviated as NiCrSi) in wt % was used as the target and the sputtering method was used to deposit the thin-film resistors on Al2O3 substrates. NiCrSi thin-film resistors with different thicknesses of 30.8 nm~334.7 nm were obtained by controlling deposition time. After deposition, the thin-film resistors were annealed at 400 °C under different durations in N2 atmosphere using the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) process. The sheet resistance of NiCrSi thin-film resistors was measured using the four-point-probe method from 25 °C to 125 °C, then the temperature coefficient of resistance could be obtained. We aim to show that resistivity of NiCrSi thin-film resistors decreased with increasing deposition time (thickness) and the annealing process had apparent effect on the sheet resistance and temperature coefficient of resistance. We also aim to show that the annealed NiCrSi thin-film resistors had a low temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) between 0 ppm/°C and +50 ppm/°C.
Quantification of Coumarins in Aqueous Extract of Pterocaulon balansae (Asteraceae) and Characterization of a New Compound
Authors: Medeiros-Neves Bruna , De Barros Francisco , Von Poser Gilsane , Teixeira Helder
Published: October 2015

Plants from the genus Pterocaulon are popularly used as antifungal and wound-healing agents. Such activities have been related to coumarins, which are abundant in those plants. Coumarins are soluble in organic solvents, such as hexane and dichloromethane, and some of them are also soluble in hot water. Considering that infusion and decoctions of these plants are used in traditional medicine, the aim of this study was to identify and quantify the coumarins in the aqueous extract of Pterocaulon balansae. The aqueous extract was obtained by dynamic maceration and the compounds were characterized by UPLC-UV-MS analysis. A new coumarin and 5-methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxycoumarin, used for validation of the analytical HPLC method were obtained by partition of the aqueous extract with n-hexane. The HPLC method validated was linear, specific, and precise. Seven coumarins were characterized in the aqueous extract in a range of 0.584–54 mg/g of dry plant material. The main compound, 5,6-dimethoxy-7-(3′-methyl-2′,3′-dihydroxybutyloxy)coumarin, is described for the first time in P. balansae together with a new compound, 5,6-dimethoxy-7-(2′,3′-epoxy-3′-methylbutyloxy)coumarin.
Double Burden of Malnutrition in Rural West Java: Household-Level Analysis for Father-Child and Mother-Child Pairs and the Association with Dietary Intake
Authors: Sekiyama Makiko , Jiang Hong , Gunawan Budhi , Dewanti Linda , Honda Ryo , Shimizu-Furusawa Hana , Abdoellah Oekan , Watanabe Chiho
Published: October 2015

Indonesia is facing household-level double burden malnutrition. This study aimed at examining (1) household-level double burden for the mother-child and father-child pairs; (2) risk of adiposity of double burden households; and (3) associated dietary factors. Subjects were 5th and 6th grade elementary school children (n = 242), their mothers (n = 242), and their fathers (n = 225) in five communities (1 = urban, 4 = rural) in the Bandung District. Questionnaires on socioeconomic factors, blood hemoglobin measurements, and anthropometric measurements were administered. For adults, body fat percentage (BF%) was estimated by bioelectrical impedance (BF%-BI) and by converting skinfold thickness (ST) data using Durnin and Womersley’s (1974) formula (BF%-ST). Food frequency questionnaires were also completed. Double burden was defined as coexistence of maternal or paternal overweight (Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 23) and child stunting (height-for-age z-score <−2) within households. Maternal-child double burden occurred in 30.6% of total households, whereas paternal-child double burden was only in 8.4%. Mothers from double burden households showed high adiposity; 87.3% with BF%-BI and 66.2% with BF%-ST had BF% >35%, and 60.6% had waists >80 cm. The major dietary patterns identified were “Modern” and “High-animal products”. After controlling for confounding factors, children in the highest quartile of the “High-animal products” dietary pattern had a lower risk of maternal-child double burden (Adjusted OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.21–1.04) than those in the lowest quartile. Given that the “High-animal products” dietary pattern was associated with the decreased risk of maternal-child double burden through a strong negative correlation with child stunting, improving child stunting through adequate intake of animal products is critical to solve the problem of maternal-child double burden in Indonesia.
Piezoresistive Tactile Sensor Discriminating Multidirectional Forces
Authors: Jung Youngdo , Lee Duck-Gyu , Park Jonghwa , Ko Hyunhyub , Lim Hyuneui
Published: October 2015

Flexible tactile sensors capable of detecting the magnitude and direction of the applied force together are of great interest for application in human-interactive robots, prosthetics, and bionic arms/feet. Human skin contains excellent tactile sensing elements, mechanoreceptors, which detect their assigned tactile stimuli and transduce them into electrical signals. The transduced signals are transmitted through separated nerve fibers to the central nerve system without complicated signal processing. Inspired by the function and organization of human skin, we present a piezoresistive type tactile sensor capable of discriminating the direction and magnitude of stimulations without further signal processing. Our tactile sensor is based on a flexible core and four sidewall structures of elastomer, where highly sensitive interlocking piezoresistive type sensing elements are embedded. We demonstrate the discriminating normal pressure and shear force simultaneously without interference between the applied forces. The developed sensor can detect down to 128 Pa in normal pressure and 0.08 N in shear force, respectively. The developed sensor can be applied in the prosthetic arms requiring the restoration of tactile sensation to discriminate the feeling of normal and shear force like human skin.
A new method for segmentation of FDG PET metabolic tumour volume using the peritumoural halo layer and a 10-step colour scale
Authors: Jun S. , Kim H. , Nam H.-Y.
Published: October 2015

Aim: We observed a layer between tumour activity and background on FDG PET/CT with the 10-step colour scale and the window level set properly. We named the layer peritumoral halo layer (PHL). We performed this study to establish the reliability of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) segmentation using PHL (MTVPHL) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Patients, methods: Of a total of 140 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients, 70 (50.0%) had FDG-avid PTC. In these patients, MTVPHL, MTV segmented according to fixed 50% SUVmax (MTV50%), and fixed SUV with 2.5 to 4.0 (MTV2.5 to MTV4.0) were compared with pathologic tumour volume (PTV). The absolute percentage difference between MTVPHL and PTV was compared in micropapillary carcinoma (MPTC) and non-micropapillary carcinoma (non-MPTC) subgroups. The % SUVmax and SUV thresholds of MTVPHL were compared with tumour SUVmax. Results: Among the MTVs, MTV50% was not correlated with PTV (r = –0.16, p = 0.182) and was not reliable according to the Bland-Altman plot. Although MTV2.5, MTV3.0, MTV3.5, and MTV4.0 correlated with PTV (r = 0.85, 0.86, 0.87, and 0.87, respectively; p < 0.001), these MTVs were not reliable on Bland- Altman analyses. MTVPHL was significantly correlated with PTV (r = 0.80, p < 0.001), and the Bland-Altman plot did not show systemic error. The MTVPHL was more accurate in non-MPTC than in MPTC (p < 0.001), and the absolute % difference was smaller as PTV became larger (σ = –0.65, p < 0.001). The MTVPHL thresholds had correlations with SUVmax (% SUVmax threshold: σ = –0.87, p < 0.001; SUV threshold: r = 0.88, p < 0.001). Conclusions: MTVPHL was more reliable than MTV%SUVmax or MTVSUV. The reliability of MTVPHL improved with larger PTVs. The threshold of the MTVPHL was naturally altered by PHL according to SUVmax.
Major Sports Events: The Challenge of Budgeting for the Venues
Authors: Solberg Harry Arne , Preuss Holger
Published: October 2015

This research investigates the challenges of budgeting for the venues constructed for major sports events. It presents empirical data from three events, two of which experienced massive cost overruns. The venues used at the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa and the 2011 FIS World
Skiing Championship in Oslo, Norway, became 15.5 times and 17.5 times more expensive than the initial budgets, respectively. The 2012 FIS World Ski-Flying Championship, which was hosted in Vikersund, Norway, differed from them in that its final costs exceeded the initial budget by (only) 7.5%.
One major reason for the cost overruns was the emphasis on other aims than constructing sports venues, after the award was made. Secondly, many of those who presented these aims operated as free riders who did not participate in funding the venues. Thirdly, the many volunteers involved in
constructing the venue in Vikersund, which also included planning and preparations, significantly reduced the costs.
Branded Marketing Events: A Proposed “Experiential Needs-Based” Conceptual Framework
Authors: Altschwager Teagan , Goodman Steve , Conduit Jodie , Habel Cullen
Published: October 2015

Marketers and event organizers have long viewed sponsorship as a way to fund events and garner public attention for brands. Recent years has seen brands employ event techniques in their own right, with specific intent of more directly influencing the consumer's attitude toward the brand.
We propose a conceptual framework for how those events affect consumers across the range of “typical” consumers that attend events. This is done through proposing a typology of experiential involvement that demonstrates the likely impact an event will have on a consumer; events
are categorized as educational or entertainment. Combining the typology with event types we propose a hierarchy of effectiveness for researchers and practitioners to consider and further research.
The Alignment Between Information and Communication Technology Strategy and Business Strategy of Professional Conference Organizers
Authors: Mo Ce , Mistilis Nina , Del Chiappa Giacomo
Published: October 2015

This study examines factors affecting alignment between information and communication technologies (ICTs) strategy and business strategy in professional conference organizers (PCOs). Adopting the resource-based view (RBV), contingency theory, and value discipline theory, a conceptual
model is proposed and empirically tested using online survey data. The results indicated that while most PCOs successfully aligned ICTs with business strategies of operational excellence and customer intimacy, very few achieved a tight alignment for product leadership business strategy, found
to be the only strategic alignment component significantly impacting on firm performance. Finally, theoretical and practical implications for PCOs' ICTs application are discussed.
Food Events in Lifestyle and Travel
Authors: Getz Donald , Andersson Tommy , Vujicic Sanja , Robinson Richard N. S.
Published: October 2015

A large-scale survey of food lovers revealed the critical importance of planned events in their lifestyles and travel. Details provided in this article include participation frequencies for various food-related events, segmentation based on food-event attendance, and the differences
between segments in terms of preferences for enjoyment events versus learning events. The small segment most likely to travel for food experiences, called dynamic foodies, prefers specialist learning events. The much larger segment, called active foodies, prefers enjoyment events, suggesting
that higher levels of involvement translate into demand for more specialized benefits. Conclusions are drawn for food events and their marketing, and for destination development and marketing to food tourists. Research needs are identified.
Acute Kidney Injury in Children with Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria: Determinants for Mortality
Authors: Prasad Rajniti , Mishra Om P.
Published: October 2015

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) in P. falciparum malaria infection is an important morbidity in children. The purpose of the present study was done to observe the renal involvement, associated morbidities and outcome.

Methods

Out of 156 patients with severe P. falciparum malaria, diagnosed on the basis of compatible clinical presentations and positive malarial parasites in the peripheral blood smear and/or histidine rich protein 2 antigen, 31 had AKI at presentation and were analyzed.

Results

Of 31 (19.9%) patients with AKI, 4 were classified at risk, 11 injury, and 16 failure stage, as per pRIFLE criteria (pediatric version of RIFLE [R = risk, I = injury, F = failure, L = loss E = end-stage kidney disease]). Mean age of children with AKI was 7.7 ± 3.2 years. A significantly higher proportion of patients with AKI had hypoglycemia (41.9%), pulmonary edema (32.2%), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (29.0%) compared to those without AKI (18.4%, 4.8%, and 3.2%, respectively). Twelve patients (38.7%) required peritoneal dialysis (PD), 8 (25.8%) died, and all were in failure stage. The non-survivors had significantly higher blood urea ( p = 0.005) and serum creatinine levels ( p = 0.042), lower glomerular filtration rate ( p < 0.001), longer duration of illness ( p = 0.003), and oliguria/anuria ( p = 0.001) than survivors at admission. On logistic regression analysis, the disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), jaundice and parasite density (≥ 3+) were found to be significant factors contributing to mortality in children with AKI.

Conclusions

Acute kidney injury in falciparum malaria is one of the severe systemic complications. Duration of illness and presence of comorbidities adversely affected the outcome.
Longitudinal Trend in Lipid Profile of Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients is Not Influenced by the Use of Biocompatible Solutions
Authors: Cho Yeoungjee , Büchel Janine , Steppan Sonja , Passlick-Deetjen Jutta , Hawley Carmel M. , Dimeski Goce , Clarke Margaret , Johnson David W.
Published: October 2015

Background

The longitudinal trends of lipid parameters and the impact of biocompatible peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions on these levels remain to be fully defined. The present study aimed to a) evaluate the influence of neutral pH, low glucose degradation product (GDP) PD solutions on serum lipid parameters, and b) explore the capacity of lipid parameters (total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride [TG], high density lipoprotein [HDL], TC/HDL, low density lipoprotein [LDL], very low density lipoprotein [VLDL]) to predict cardiovascular events (CVE) and mortality in PD patients.

Methods

The study included 175 incident participants from the balANZ trial with at least 1 stored serum sample. A composite CVE score was used as a primary clinical outcome measure. Multilevel linear regression and Poisson regression models were fitted to describe the trend of lipid parameters over time and its ability to predict composite CVE, respectively.

Results

Small but statistically significant increases in serum TG (coefficient 0.006, p < 0.001), TC/HDL (coefficient 0.004, p = 0.001), and VLDL cholesterol (coefficient 0.005, p = 0.001) levels and a decrease in the serum HDL cholesterol levels (coefficient -0.004, p = 0.009) were observed with longer time on PD, whilst the type of PD solution (biocompatible vs standard) received had no significant effect on these levels. Peritoneal dialysis glucose exposure was significantly associated with trends in TG, TC/HDL, HDL and VLDL levels. Baseline lipid parameter levels were not predictive of composite CVEs or all-cause mortality.

Conclusion

Serum TG, TC/HDL, and VLDL levels increased and the serum HDL levels decreased with increasing PD duration. None of the lipid parameters were significantly modified by biocompatible PD solution use over the time period studied or predictive of composite CVE or mortality.
Simultaneous Catheter Replacement for Infectious and Mechanical Complications without Interruption of Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Crabtree John H. , Siddiqi Rukhsana A.
Published: October 2015

Background

Conventional management for peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related infectious and mechanical complications that fails treatment includes catheter removal and hemodialysis (HD) via a central venous catheter with the end result that the majority of patients will not return to PD. Simultaneous catheter replacement (SCR) can retain patients on PD by avoiding the scenario of staged removal and reinsertion of catheters. The aim of this study was to evaluate a protocol for SCR without interruption of PD.

Methods

Clinical outcomes were analyzed for 55 consecutive SCRs performed from 2002 through 2012 and followed through 2013.

Results

Simultaneous catheter replacements were performed for 28 cases of relapsing peritonitis, 12 cases of tunnel infection, and 15 cases of mechanical catheter complications. All cases for peritonitis and tunnel infection and 80% for mechanical complications continued PD on the day of surgery using a low-volume, intermittent automated PD protocol. Systemic antibiotics were continued for 2 weeks postoperatively (up to 4 weeks for Pseudomonas). Simultaneous catheter replacement was performed as an outpatient procedure in 89.1% of cases. Only 1 of 55 procedures was complicated by peritonitis within 8 weeks. No catheter losses occurred during this postoperative timeframe. Long-term, SCR enabled a median technique survival of 5.1 years.

Conclusions

In most instances, SCR can be safely performed without interruption of PD for selected cases of peritonitis and tunnel infection and for mechanical catheter complications. The procedure spares the patient from a central venous catheter, a shift to HD, the psychological ordeal of a change in dialysis modality, and a second surgery to insert a new catheter.
Physical Mapping of Bread Wheat Chromosome 5A: An Integrated Approach
Authors: Barabaschi Delfina , Magni Federica , Volante Andrea , Gadaleta Agata , Šimková Hana , Scalabrin Simone , Prazzoli Maria Lucia , Bagnaresi Paolo , Lacrima Katia , Michelotti Vania , Desiderio Francesca , Orrù Luigi , Mazzamurro Valentina , Fricano Agostino , Mastrangelo AnnaMaria , Tononi Paola , Vitulo Nicola , Jurman Irena , Frenkel Zeev , Cattonaro Federica , Morgante Michele , Blanco Antonio , Doležel Jaroslav , Delledonne Massimo , Stanca Antonio M. , Cattivelli Luigi , Valè Giampiero
Published: October 2015

The huge size, redundancy, and highly repetitive nature of the bread wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)] genome, makes it among the most difficult species to be sequenced. To overcome these limitations, a strategy based on the separation of individual chromosomes or chromosome arms and the subsequent production of physical maps was established within the frame of the International Wheat Genome Sequence Consortium (IWGSC). A total of 95,812 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones of short‐arm chromosome 5A (5AS) and long‐arm chromosome 5A (5AL) arm‐specific BAC libraries were fingerprinted and assembled into contigs by complementary analytical approaches based on the FingerPrinted Contig (FPC) and Linear Topological Contig (LTC) tools. Combined anchoring approaches based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) marker screening, microarray, and sequence homology searches applied to several genomic tools (i.e., genetic maps, deletion bin map, neighbor maps, BAC end sequences (BESs), genome zipper, and chromosome survey sequences) allowed the development of a high‐quality physical map with an anchored physical coverage of 75% for 5AS and 53% for 5AL with high portions (64 and 48%, respectively) of contigs ordered along the chromosome. In the genome of grasses, Brachypodium [Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv.], rice (Oryza sativa L.), and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] homologs of genes on wheat chromosome 5A were separated into syntenic blocks on different chromosomes as a result of translocations and inversions during evolution. The physical map presented represents an essential resource for fine genetic mapping and map‐based cloning of agronomically relevant traits and a reference for the 5A sequencing projects.
PIEZOELECTRIC FORCE SENSORS FOR HEXAPOD TRANSPORTATION PLATFORM
Authors: Luneckas Mindaugas , Luneckas Tomas , Gavelis Vytenis , Valaitis Vytautas , Udris Dainius
Published: October 2015

Rough terrain is one of the major issues for transporting various objects to different remote locations. Wheeled platforms or robots are not suitable for such tasks due to a lack of ground clearance. Walking robots, despite their slower speed, can be successfully used as transportation platforms that can overcome the environment. However, leg placing requires accurate supervision and the force sensing system must be developed on each foot to acquire equal force distribution between legs and to obtain stable motion over the irregular surface. In this paper, we investigate the improvement of the hexapod robot’s feet by upgrading them with piezoelectric force sensors. By monitoring force dependence on transferred legs, we establish the most suitable hexapod gait for moving over the even surface.
ROUTE PLAN EVALUATION METHOD FOR PERSONALISED PASSENGER INFORMATION SERVICE
Authors: Földes Dávid , Csiszár Csaba
Published: October 2015

Due to changing expectations of characteristics of mobility demands, public transportation users increasingly require a reduction of both the preparation and travel time, an easier and more pleasant travelling experience as well as route plans based on reliable data. Both international and domestic research is widely concerned with route planning optimization. Exemplary assistance applications are already in operation, but they are only semi-occasionally and slightly personalized. Consequently, there is potential for significant research and development in this area. Our developed method and algorithm evaluates the routes based on the personalised user settings and in this way, the ideal routes can be determined. User preferences are represented in evaluation criteria. The algorithm also manages network modifications and often-changing user preferences. The novelty of our algorithm lies in the more realistic evaluation of the routes appreciably considering both the exact physical properties of the infrastructure and the users’ detailed personal preferences.
Flare Rate in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Low Disease Activity or Remission When Tapering or Stopping Synthetic or Biologic DMARD: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kuijper T. Martijn , Lamers-Karnebeek Femke B.G. , Jacobs Johannes W.G. , Hazes Johanna M.W. , Luime Jolanda J.
Published: October 2015

Objective.

To evaluate the risk of having a disease flare in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with low disease activity (LDA) or in remission when deescalating (tapering or stopping) disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy.

Methods.

A search in medical databases including publications from January 1950 to February 2015 was performed. Included were trials and observational studies in adults with RA who were in LDA or remission, evaluating ≥ 20 patients tapering or stopping DMARD. Flare rates had to have been reported. A metaanalysis was performed on studies deescalating tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers.

Results.

Four studies evaluated synthetic DMARD. Flare rates ranged from 8% at 24 weeks to 63% at 4 months after deescalation. Fifteen studies reported on TNF blockers. Estimated flare rates by metaanalysis on studies tapering or stopping TNF blockers were 0.26 (95% CI 0.17–0.39) and 0.49 (95% CI 0.27–0.73) for good-quality and moderate-quality studies, respectively. Flare rates in 3 studies stopping tocilizumab were 41% after 6 months, 55% at 1 year, and 87% at 1 year. Flare rates in 3 studies deescalating abatacept were 34% at 1 year, 41% at 1 year, and 72% at 6 months. Five studies evaluating radiographic progression in patients deescalating treatment all found limited to no progression.

Conclusion.

Results suggest that more than one-third of patients with RA with LDA or in remission may taper or stop DMARD treatment without experiencing a disease flare within the first year. Dose reduction of TNF blockers results in lower flare rates than stopping and may be noninferior to continuing full dose. Radiological progression after treatment deescalation remains low, but may increase slightly.
Formes assistantes et formes inhérentes. Sur l’union de l’âme et du corps, du Moyen Âge à l’Âge classique
Authors: de Libera Alain
Published: October 2015

Peut-on prouver que l’âme raisonnable est par elle-même et essentiellement forme du corps ? C’est pour résoudre cette question que des générations de lecteurs d’Averroès recourent à la distinction entre forme inhérente et forme assistante. On examine l’histoire de cette distinction dans l’après-coup du concile de Vienne (1312) et du concile de Latran V (1513), dans sa triple dimension noétique, ontologique et anthropologique. On présente les sources et les divers aspects de la théorie averroïste de la forme assistante, de Siger de Brabant à la scolastique tardive et à la première modernité, selon laquelle l’intellect n’est ni forme inhérente ni moteur séparé , mais forme séparée .
Le Liber particularis de Michel Scot
Authors: Voskoboynikov Oleg
Published: October 2015

C’est la première édition critique du Liber particularis de Michel Scot, traité cosmologique latin qui constitue la deuxième partie de son Liber introductorius , rédigé entre 1220 et 1235 environ. L’édition est effectuée sur la base du ms. Bodl. Canon. Misc. 555 (collationné avec les mss Vatican, BAV Rossi IX 11 et Milan, Ambrosiana L 92 Sup), afin de restituer une version qui circula, sous une forme relativement stable, en Italie dans la première moitié du xiv e siècle. Dans l’introduction, on trouvera les données essentielles sur les manuscrits du Liber particularis , sur la place de ce traité dans l’œuvre de Michel Scot et dans le contexte intellectuel de la cour de Frédéric II, ainsi qu’un essai préliminaire visant à l’inscrire dans le développement des savoirs en Occident dans la première moitié du xiii e siècle.
Master Gauthier de Château-Thierry’s question On the Office of Preaching
Authors: Even-Ezra Ayelet
Published: October 2015

Maître de théologie, Gauthier de Château-Thierry a été chancelier de l’université de Paris de 1246 à 1249, et évêque de Paris pour quelque mois, avant sa mort cette année-là. Sa question sur l’office de prédication est la réflexion systématique la plus complète, au sujet de la réglementation de la prédication, que nous avons de cette époque. Elle parle de la prédication des femmes, laïcs, moines, excommuniés, pécheurs, maîtres de théologie, jeunes hommes, etc. L’édition critique est accompagnée d’une brève introduction sur l’auteur et ses ouvrages, sur la tradition du traitement scolaire sur la prédication, et analyse certains points intéressants du texte.
Providing Continuing Education for International Nurses
Authors: Case Debra L.
Published: October 2015

In an increasingly globalized world, providing continuing education (CE) for nurses is becoming a more common opportunity for U.S. educators. It is important for educators to provide CE programs in a culturally competent and sensitive environment. The challenges involved include effective communication, appropriate teaching methodologies, contextually appropriate content, and awareness of cultural-specific needs and customs.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2015;46(10):428–430.
The Professional Development Educator as a FITness Trainer
Authors: Bleich Michael R.
Published: October 2015

Professional development educators play an important role in advancing leadership development by ensuring a FIT (
F
un and
F
orgiveness,
I
ntelligence and
I
ntegrity,
T
eamwork and
T
ransparency) workforce. This article addresses the complementarity of FIT as an organizing model for leadership development.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2015;46(10):434–435.
Bilateral Congenital Posterior Capsular Defects and Ectopic Cataracts
Authors: Tandon Anika K. , Oltra Erica Z. , Velez Federico G.
Published: October 2015

Preexisting posterior capsular defects are rare and can be associated with infantile cataracts. The authors review possible etiologies of this condition and emphasize the importance of cautious preoperative planning and surgery.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2015;52:e48–e51.]
Central Microscotoma: A Rare Presentation of Epiretinal Membranes
Authors: Dhrami-Gavazi Elona , Sepúlveda Gonzalo , Lee Winston , Freund K. Bailey , Mukkamala Sri Krishna , Odel Jeffrey G. , Chang Stanley
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Patients with a symptomatic epiretinal membrane (ERM) typically complain of metamorphopsia and decreased visual acuity. We describe three patients who presented with the single complaint of a central microscotoma due to ERM, an infrequent initial symptom of this entity.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

This is a retrospective, interventional, non-comparative case series. Three patients with the chief complaint of a central microscotoma related to ERMs who underwent pars plana vitrectomy by a single surgeon experienced full resolution of the preoperative microscotoma. Best-corrected visual acuity, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography were obtained at each examination. A comprehensive neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation was performed in all cases, including magnetic resonance imaging of the orbits and brain, automated visual fields, multifocal electroretinography, multifocal visually evoked potentials, and blood tests.

RESULTS:

Three eyes of three patients who presented with the initial sole complaint of a central microscotoma due to ERM are included in this series. A comprehensive neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation ruled out non-retinal etiologies. After months of observation, a pars plana vitrectomy with ERM and internal limiting membrane peeling was performed in all patients. Postoperatively, the patients experienced a complete resolution of their initial, isolated complaint of a central microscotoma.

CONCLUSION:

Central microscotoma, as a rare stand-alone presentation of ERM, is described. This symptom resolved after a successful removal of the ERM. A greater awareness among clinicians that ERMs may present in this manner may help avoid excessive and costly medical evaluations.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:852–858.]
Flat Electroretinography and Acute Visual Loss After Ocriplasmin Injection for Vitreomacular Adhesion Complicating Macular Schisis
Authors: Hale Benjamin P. , Au Angela K. , Falk Naomi S. , Bhatnagar Pawan , Beer Paul M.
Published: October 2015

A 53-year-old woman with macular and diffuse retinoschisis complicated by presumed vitreomacular traction underwent unilateral intravitreal ocriplasmin injection. Within hours after injection, she noted a loss of vision and the perception of “negative” images in the treated eye. Electrophysiologic testing revealed flat waveforms, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed initial decreased central macular thickness at day 1, followed by massive increased macular thickness with subfoveal neurosensory retinal detachment at 1 week. Her central macular thickness on OCT slowly returned to baseline during a period of 1 month until development of a macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment at 6 months after injection. The authors believe this unique case of vitreomacular adhesion and macular schisis complicated by post-injection visual loss and electroretinography changes may offer further insight into this unusual complication.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:888–892.]
Aggressive Surgical Therapy With Early Vitrectomy, Panretinal Photocoagulation, and Silicone Oil Tamponade for
Streptococcus mitis
Endophthalmitis
Authors: Thomas Benjamin J. , Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Ruby Alan J. , Capone Antonio
Published: October 2015

An 87-year-old woman presented with acute, painful vision loss in her right eye after intravitreal injection. Examination disclosed hypopyon and vitritis, as well as discrete inflammatory collections in the vitreous and widespread retinal hemorrhages. The patient underwent vitrectomy with injection of intravitreal antibiotics. Vitreous cultures were positive for
Streptococcus mitis
, a pathogen associated with severe tissue damage and poor clinical outcomes. Clinical deterioration prompted repeat vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade and panretinal photocoagulation two weeks later, resulting in more favorable anatomic and visual outcomes. Endophthalmitis caused by exotoxin-producing bacterial species such as
S. mitis
is often associated with severe vision loss or loss of the eye. Aggressive surgical intervention — prompted by concerning clinical findings and vitreous cultures — may play a role in improving outcomes in these patients.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:893–895.]
A Survey on Palmprint-Based Biometric Recognition System
Authors: Latha Y. L. Malathi , Prasad Munaga V. N. K.
Published: October 2015

The automatic use of physiological or behavioral characteristics to determine or verify identity of individual's is regarded as biometrics. Fingerprints, Iris, Voice, Face, and palmprints are considered as physiological biometrics whereas voice and signature are behavioral biometrics. Palmprint recognition is one of the popular methods which have been investigated over last fifteen years. Palmprint have very large internal surface and contain several unique stable characteristic features used to identify individuals. Several palmprint recognition methods have been extensively studied. This chapter is an attempt to review current palmprint research, describing image acquisition, preprocessing palmprint feature extraction and matching, palmprint related fusion and techniques used for real time palmprint identification in large databases. Various palmprint recognition methods are compared.
Emotion Recognition Using Facial Expression
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Jaiswal Shubam , Kumar Rahul , Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: October 2015

Recognition of facial expression is a challenging problem for machine in comparison to human and it has encouraged numerous advanced machine learning algorithms. It is one of the methods for emotion recognition as the emotion of a particular person can be found out by studying his or her facial expressions. In this paper, we proposes a generic algorithms for recognition of emotions and illustrates a fundamental steps of the four algorithms such as Eigenfaces (Principal Component Analysis [PCA]), Fisherfaces, Local Binary Pattern Histogram (LBP) and SURF with FLANN over two databases Cohn-kanade database and IIT BHU student face images as benchmark database.The objective of this book chapter is to recognize the emotions from facial images of individuals and compare the performances of holistic algorithms like Eigenfaces, Fisherfaces, and texture based recognition algorithms LBPH, hybrid algorithm SURF and FLANN. Matching efficiency of individual emotions from facial expression databases are labeled for training and testing phases. The set of features is extracted from labeled dataset for training purpose and test images are matched with discriminative set of feature points. Based on that comparison, we conclude that Eigenfaces and Fisherfaces yields good recognition accuracy on the benchmark database than others and the efficiency of SURF with FLANN algorithm can be enhanced significantly by changing the parameters.
Architecture of an Integrated Regulatory Information Management Platform for Clinical Trials
Authors: Choudhury Ayan
Published: October 2015

The pharmaceutical and medical manufacturing sectors have entered a period of disruptive transformation in the way regulatory affairs are conducted globally. The global clinical and regulatory landscape is evolving more quickly in this decade than ever before. The advent of adaptive trial designs, rolling submissions for indications, as well as the impact of regulatory policies in emerging markets, are influencing Pharma's ability to secure approvals efficiently and effectively and with required emphasis on safety and compliance. The impact of these changes on Regulatory Information Management can be significant over the next 5-7 years. Companies are rightfully asking what the transformation in business processes and technology might look like and what types of innovations they can adopt now to prepare them for the future state. The case study below introduces the need for an integrated Regulatory Information Management (RIM) platform, addressing key functionality of such an environment and describes the architecture & design consideration to industrialize such a platform.
Personal Diagnostics Using DNA-Sequencing
Authors: Udayaraja GK
Published: October 2015

DNA sequencing is the process to identification of nucleotides order in genome which developed from very broad history, also it is derived from version of the Sanger biochemistry. SOLiD, 454 and Polonator sequencing based on emulsion PCR to amplify clonal sequencing with in-vitro construction of adaptor-flanked shotgun library, PCR amplified in the context of a water-in-oil emulsion. Solexa technology relies on bridge PCR to amplify clonal sequencing features. At the conclusion of the PCR, each clonal cluster contains ~1,000 copies of a single member of the template library. This chapter focused on next-generation sequencing technologies methods, capabilities and clinical applications of DNA sequencing technologies for researchers in molecular biology and physician scientists. This will also provide the power of these novel genomic tools and methods to use personal diagnostic at molecular level.
Pharmacogenomics Genome Wise Association Clinical Studies
Authors: Udayaraja GK
Published: October 2015

Pharmacogenomics deals with drug responses in individual based on genetic variation in genome. Based on genetic variations, drugs may produce more or less therapeutic effect, and same way in side effects also. Physicians can use information about your genetic makeup to choose those drugs and drug doses to get better therapy. Optimizing drug therapy and rational dose adjustment with respect to genetic makeup will maximize drug efficacy and minimal adverse effects. This broken traditional ‘trial and error' method of ‘one drug fits all', and ‘one dose fits all' which contributing to 25–50% of drug toxicity or treatment failures. This will contribute to improve the ways in which existing drugs are used, genomic research will lead to drug development to produce new drugs that are highly effective without serious side effects. This approach to bring personalized medicine more practice and drug combinations are optimized for each individual' genetic makeup.
Role of Epigenetics in Cancer Genomics
Authors: Nagal Amit
Published: October 2015

Epigenetics is the study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself. ChIP-seq, is a method used to analyze protein interactions with DNA. It is a type of epigenetic analysis technique. Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with massive parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq) is gaining popularity day by day because of its clinical significance. It is a very effective tool in diagnosis of disease such as cancer. ChIP-seq is found to be very effective tool in understanding basic regulatory mechanism, cell differentiation study and studying disease processes with the decreasing cost of sequencing, ChIP-seq has become an indispensable tool for studying gene regulation and epigenetic mechanisms. The Present review explores epigenetic methods, pipeline and its role in cancer.
Intercultural User Interface Design
Authors: Heimgärtner Rüdiger
Published: October 2015

This chapter starts with an introduction illuminating the theoretical background necessary for taking culture into account in Human Computer Interaction (HCI) design. Definitions of concepts used are provided followed by a historical overview on taking culture into account in HCI design. Subsequently, a glimpse of the current state of research in culture-centered HCI design is derived from secondary literature providing the gist of the structures, processes, methods, models, and theoretic approaches concerning the relationship between culture and HCI design. Controversies and challenges are also mentioned. A short discussion of results from empirical studies and design recommendations for culture-centered HCI design lead to implications and trends in future intercultural user interface design research.
Robotics Community Experiences
Authors: Gomez Kimberley , Bernstein Debra , Zywica Jolene , Hamner Emily , Lee Ung-Sang , Cunningham Jahneille
Published: October 2015

In this chapter, the authors focus on the motivational and engagement aspects of robotics technical design experiences for youth participating in two different afterschool robotics programs: the Digital Youth Network (DYN) and Robot Diaries (RD). The programs each take a different approach to motivating and engaging participants with robotic technology and design. The authors analytically describe and compare the relationship between programmatic goals of each program and participant experiences. Programmatic goals influenced the participants' opportunities to engage with technology, increased their comfort level with technology, and helped them develop skills in adapting technology to facilitate individual and group-centered design goals. The authors offer recommendations for the design of robotics programs for youth and point to the importance of the role of audience and materials selection that engage and motivate youth, instructor roles, and instructor knowledge.
Persuasive Subtleties of Social Networking Sites
Authors: Langrial Sitwat
Published: October 2015

The key objective of this chapter is to improve deeper understanding of SNSs' usage, acceptance, and users' actual behaviors. The authors propose that understanding the phenomenal success of Facebook could provide valuable information for developing health behavior change interventions. Using structured questionnaires, the authors collect qualitative data to understand SNSs users' online behaviors with an explicit focus on enjoyment and entertainment, desire to be connected, reciprocation, information quality, need for admiration, and influence of task obtrusiveness. The authors perform quantitative analyses with a special focus on value-based constructs because values are motivational constructs and could help predict users' behaviors. Results indicate that enjoyment and entertainment, reciprocation, and admiration have the strongest influence on individuals' behaviors. Although it is still early for people to use SNSs for health purposes, the results could pave the way for future research into this interesting area.
Ecological Perspectives Surrounding the Design of Self-Determination-Enhanced Problem-Based Learning as a Formative Intervention for Students with Disabilities in Inclusive Settings
Authors: Seok Soohnwa , DaCosta Boaventura , Kim Woo
Published: October 2015

This transdisciplinary chapter focuses on ecological perspectives surrounding the design of self-determination-enhanced Problem-Based Learning (PBL). The chapter presents a PBL conceptual framework that can be leveraged in implementation of the skills needed for the 21st-century, specifically self-determination for students with disabilities in inclusive settings. The framework is built upon an extensive research synthesis of the principles behind PBL instructional design with an emphasis on special education. The research synthesis revealed the relationships between self-determination learning and PBL. A collaborative learning model—SHARE: Structure, Hypothesis, Analysis, Research, and Evaluation—was subsequently designed as a positive intervention in implementing PBL. In brief, technology and teacher education constitute the essence of quality self-determination-enhanced PBL practices. Educators, educational policymakers, and researchers involved in inclusive education practices will find this chapter of particular interest as 21st-century learning skills are becoming increasingly vital in today's society.