bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic disparities and the genomic landscape of gastric cancer
Authors: Zanabria Daniel , Galvez-Nino Marco , Araujo Jhajaira M. , Alfaro Alejandro , Fajardo Williams , Saravia Luis , Quispe Lidia , Velazque Gina , Carbajal Junior , López María J. , Jimenez Sergio , Montenegro Paola , Zevallos Alejandra , Clavo Maria de los Angeles , Medina-Pérez Paula , Cornejo Melanie , Requena María , Aguilar Alfredo , Pinto Joseph A.
Published: July 2024

The genomic characteristics of Peruvian patients with gastric adenocarcinoma from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds were examined in consideration of the possibility that patients from different socioeconomic backgrounds may be exposed to different risk factors. We conducted a prospective pilot study in two Peruvian cities (Lima and Ica). This study enrolled 15 patients from low socioeconomic status (LSES) and 15 patients from medium/high socioeconomic status (MHSES). The genomic profiling of gastric adenocarcinoma samples was done through the FoundationOne CDx platform. We compared the genomic characteristics and the need for targeted therapy and immunotherapy between LSES and MHSES. The genes with higher rates of alterations were TP53 (73.3% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.2635); CDH1 (26.7% vs. 28.6%, P = 1); CDKN2A (20.0% vs. 28.6%, P = 1); KRAS (33.3% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.1686); ARID1A (20.0% vs. 14.3%, P = 1); MLL2 (13.3% vs. 21.4%, P = 1) and SOX9 (33.3% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.0421) in LSES versus HMSES, respectively. There was no significant difference in tumor mutational burden (P = 0.377) or microsatellite status (P = 1). The LSES group had a higher need for targeted therapy or immunotherapy according to gene involvement and alterations. A significant genomic difference exists among patients with gastric adenocarcinoma of different socioeconomic status, which may result in a different need for targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
Sargassum horneri extract fermented by Lactiplantibacillus pentosus SH803 mediates adipocyte metabolism in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by regulating oxidative damage and inflammation
Authors: Kim Jae-Young , Jang Sejin , Song Hyun Ji , Lee SangHoon , Cheon Sejin , Seo Eun Jin , Choi Yi Hyun , Kim Sae Hun
Published: July 2024

Sargassum horneri (S. horneri), a brown seaweed excessively proliferating along Asian coastlines, are damaging marine ecosystems. Thus, this study aimed to enhance nutritional value of S. horneri through lactic acid bacteria fermentation to increase S. horneri utilization as a functional food supplement, and consequently resolve coastal S. horneri accumulation. S. horneri supplemented fermentation was most effective with Lactiplantibacillus pentosus SH803, thus this product (F-SHWE) was used for further in vitro studies. F-SHWE normalized expressions of oxidative stress related genes NF-κB, p53, BAX, cytochrome C, caspase 9, and caspase 3, while non-fermented S. horneri (SHWE) did not, in a H2O2-induced HT-29 cell model. Moreover, in an LPS-induced HT-29 cell model, F-SHWE repaired expressions of inflammation marker genes ZO1, IL1β, IFNγ more effectively than SHWE. For further functional assessment, F-SHWE was also treated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. As a result, F-SHWE decreased lipid accumulation, along with gene expression of adipogenesis markers PPARγ, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, aP2, and Lpl; lipogenesis markers Lep, Akt, SREBP1, Acc, Fas; inflammation markers IFN-γ and NF-κB. Notably, gene expression of C/EBPβ, IFN-γ and NF-κB were suppressed only by F-SHWE, suggesting the enhancing effect of fermentation on obesity-related properties. Compositional analysis attributed the protective effects of F-SHWE to acetate, an organic acid significantly higher in F-SHWE than SHWE. Therefore, F-SHWE is a novel potential anti-obesity agent, providing a strategy to reduce excess S. horneri populations along marine ecosystems.
Facile synthesis of elastin nanogels encapsulated decursin for castrated resistance prostate cancer therapy
Authors: Rather Gulzar Ahmed , Selvakumar Preethi , Srinivas K. Satish , Natarajan K. , Kaushik Ajeet , Rajan Prabhakar , Lee Seung-Rock , Sing Wong Ling , Alkhamees Mohammad , Lian Sen , Holley Merrel , Do Jung Young , Lakshmanan Vinoth-Kumar
Published: July 2024

Nanogels offer hope for precise drug delivery, while addressing drug delivery hurdles is vital for effective prostate cancer (PCa) management. We developed an injectable elastin nanogels (ENG) for efficient drug delivery system to overcome castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) by delivering Decursin, a small molecule inhibitor that blocks Wnt/βcatenin pathways for PCa. The ENG exhibited favourable characteristics such as biocompatibility, flexibility, and low toxicity. In this study, size, shape, surface charge, chemical composition, thermal stability, and other properties of ENG were used to confirm the successful synthesis and incorporation of Decursin (DEC) into elastin nanogels (ENG) for prostate cancer therapy. In vitro studies demonstrated sustained release of DEC from the ENG over 120 h, with a pH-dependent release pattern. DU145 cell line induces moderate cytotoxicity of DEC-ENG indicates that nanomedicine has an impact on cell viability and helps strike a balance between therapeutics efficacy and safety while the EPR effect enables targeted drug delivery to prostate tumor sites compared to free DEC. Morphological analysis further supported the effectiveness of DEC-ENG in inducing cell death. Overall, these findings highlight the promising role of ENG-encapsulated decursin as a targeted drug delivery system for CRPC.
A reduced vector model predictive controller for a three-level neutral point clamped inverter with common-mode voltage suppression
Authors: Bebboukha Ali , Chouaib Labiod , Meneceur Redha , Elsanabary Ahmed , Anees Mohammad Anas , Mekhilef Saad , Zaitsev Ievgen , Bajaj Mohit , Bereznychenko Victoriia
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a novel, state-of-the-art predictive control architecture that addresses the computational complexity and limitations of conventional predictive control methodologies while enhancing the performance efficacy of predictive control techniques applied to three-level voltage source converters (NPC inverters). This framework's main goal is to decrease the number of filtered voltage lifespan vectors in each sector, which will increase the overall efficiency of the control system and allow for common mode voltage reduction in three-level voltage source converters. Two particular tactics are described in order to accomplish this. First, a statistical approach is presented for the proactive detection of potential voltage vectors, with an emphasis on selecting and including the vectors that are most frequently used. This method lowers the computational load by limiting the search space needed to find the best voltage vectors. Then, using statistical analysis, a plan is presented to split the sectors into two separate parts, so greatly limiting the number of voltage vectors. The goal of this improved predictive control methodology is to reduce computing demands and mitigate common mode voltage. The suggested strategy's resilience is confirmed in a range of operational scenarios using simulations and empirical evaluation. The findings indicate a pronounced enhancement in computational efficiency and a notable diminution in common mode voltage, thereby underscoring the efficacy of the proposed methodology. This increases their ability to incorporate renewable energy sources into the electrical grid.
Description of pain associated with persistent postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Koga Masayuki , Maeda Akihisa , Morioka Shu
Published: July 2024

After total knee arthroplasty (TKA), approximately 20% of patients experience persistent postoperative pain (PPP). Although preoperative and postoperative pain intensity is a relevant factor, more detailed description of pain is needed to determine specific intervention strategies for clinical conditions. This study aimed to clarify the associations between preoperative and postoperative descriptions of pain and PPP. Fifty-two TKA patients were evaluated for pain intensity and description of pain preoperatively and 2 weeks postoperatively, and the intensities were compared. In addition, the relationship between pain intensity and PPP at 3 and 6 months after surgery was analyzed using a Bayesian approach. Descriptions of arthritis (“Throbbing” and “aching”) improved from preoperative to 2 weeks postoperative. Several preoperative (“Shooting”, “Aching”, “Caused by touch”, “Numbness”) and postoperative (“Cramping pain”) descriptors were associated with pain intensity at 3 months postoperatively, but only “cramping pain” at 2 weeks postoperatively was associated with the presence of PPP at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. In conclusion, it is important to carefully listen to the patient’s complaints and determine the appropriate intervention strategy for the clinical condition during perioperative pain management.
A ten-year retrospective analysis of decompressive craniectomy or craniotomy after severe brain injury and its implications for donation after brain death
Authors: Englbrecht Jan Sönke , Bajohr Charis , Zarbock Alexander , Stummer Walter , Holling Markus
Published: July 2024

Craniotomy or decompressive craniectomy are among the therapeutic options to prevent or treat secondary damage after severe brain injury. The choice of procedure depends, among other things, on the type and severity of the initial injury. It remains controversial whether both procedures influence the neurological outcome differently. Thus, estimating the risk of brain herniation and death and consequently potential organ donation remains difficult. All patients at the University Hospital Münster for whom an isolated craniotomy or decompressive craniectomy was performed as a treatment after severe brain injury between 2013 and 2022 were retrospectively included. Proportion of survivors and deceased were evaluated. Deceased were further analyzed regarding anticoagulants, comorbidities, type of brain injury, potential and utilized donation after brain death. 595 patients were identified, 296 patients survived, and 299 deceased. Proportion of decompressive craniectomy was higher than craniotomy in survivors (89% vs. 11%, p < 0.001). Brain death was diagnosed in 12 deceased and 10 donations were utilized. Utilized donations were comparable after both procedures (5% vs. 2%, p = 0.194). Preserved brain stem reflexes as a reason against donation did not differ between decompressive craniectomy or craniotomy (32% vs. 29%, p = 0.470). Patients with severe brain injury were more likely to survive after decompressive craniectomy than craniotomy. Among the deceased, potential and utilized donations did not differ between both procedures. This suggests that brain death can occur independent of the previous neurosurgical procedure and that organ donation should always be considered in end-of-life decisions for patients with a fatal prognosis.
Unveiling the mechanism of deformation-induced supersaturation
Authors: Kormout Karoline S. , Romaner Lorenz , Scheiber Daniel , Zeiler Stefan , Pippan Reinhard , Bachmaier Andrea
Published: July 2024

A Cu-6at%Ag cast alloy was deformed by means of high-pressure torsion to different applied strain levels until a steady-state regime is reached. The continuous structural refinement is attended by the successive dissolution of the Ag precipitates in the Cu matrix. The results show that the Ag regions need to fall below a phase size of ~ 5 nm to fully dissolve. Atomistic calculations indicate that the final dissolution can be explained based on the enthalpy difference between the solid solution and layered systems which are in between the coherent and semi-coherent structure. These findings are supported by detailed microstructural investigations.
Rock crack initiation triggered by energy digestion
Authors: Yan Lei , Chang Jian , Manda Ebelia , Li Helin , Wang Qian , Jing Yangfan
Published: July 2024

The critical value of rock failure is determined by irreversible deformation (inelastic deformation, damage, and other internal dissipation) processes and external conditions before rock failure. Nevertheless, a thorough explanation of the mechanism causing cracks in rock material has not yet been provided. The strain energy theory is applied in this work to assess the initiation of rock cracks and investigate the relationship between energy digestion and rock strength. Firstly, the uniaxial compression test was conducted on sandstone samples under quasi-static loading conditions and the results of energy evolution, non-linear cumulative digestion, and stored ultimate energy were obtained. Then, a novel algorithm for assessing the initiation of rock cracks has been put forth. The concept of energy digestion index (EDI), which is the ratio of digested energy over the external loading energy, has been developed to characterize the energy absorption capacity of rock material. The result shows a relationship between the maximum growth rate of energy digestion and the increasing rate of variable elasticity modulus and crack initiation. The mechanical characteristics and peak strength of the rock material are negatively correlated with the EDI. By monitoring the digested energy status, an evaluation of the residual strength is introduced based on the relationships, which will initiate further research into in-situ monitoring and failure prediction.
Changes to tropical cyclone trajectories in Southeast Asia under a warming climate
Authors: Garner Andra J. , Samanta Dhrubajyoti , Weaver Mackenzie M. , Horton Benjamin P.
Published: July 2024

The impacts of tropical cyclones (TCs) on Southeast Asia’s coastlines are acute due to high population densities in low-lying coastal environments. However, the trajectories of TCs are uncertain in a warming climate. Here, we assess >64,000 simulated TCs from the nineteenth century to the end of the twenty-first century for both moderate- and high-emissions scenarios. Results suggest changes to TC trajectories in Southeast Asia, including: (1) poleward shifts in both genesis and peak intensification rates; (2) TC formation and fastest intensification closer to many coastlines; (3) increased likelihoods of TCs moving most slowly over mainland Southeast Asia; and (4) TC tracks persisting longer over land. In the cities of Hai Phong (Vietnam), Yangon (Myanmar), and Bangkok (Thailand), these variations result in future increases in both peak TC intensity and TC duration compared to historical TCs.
B cell lymphoma 6 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inhibiting tumor infiltrating CD4+T cell cytotoxicity through ESM1
Authors: Li Jiatao , Feng Juan , Li Ziyong , Ni Yuanli , Liu Limei , Lei Xia , Chai Zixuan , Zhuang Na , Xu Jiake , He Yongpeng , Shan Juanjuan , Qian Cheng
Published: July 2024

Immunotherapy exhibited potential effects for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, unfortunately, the clinical benefits are often countered by cancer adaptive immune suppressive response. Uncovering the mechanism how cancer cells evade immune surveillance would help to develop new immunotherapy approaches and combination therapy. In this article, by analyzing the transcriptional factors which modulate the differentially expressed genes between T cell infiltration high group and low group, we identified oncoprotein B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) suppresses the infiltration and activation of tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes, thus correlated with poorer clinical outcome. By using antibody deletion experiment, we further demonstrated that CD4+T cells but not CD8+T cells are the main lymphocyte population suppressed by Bcl6 to promote HCC development. Mechanistically, BCL6 decreases cancer cell expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and T lymphocyte chemokines such as IL6, IL1F6, and CCL5. Moreover, BCL6 upregulates Endothelial cell-specific molecule 1 (ESM1) to inhibit T lymphocyte recruitment and activation possibly through ICAM-1/LFA-1 signaling pathway. Our findings uncovered an unappreciated paracrine mechanism how cancer cell-derived BCL6 assists cancer cell immune evasion, and highlighted the role of CD4+T cells in HCC immune surveillance.
Combination of MRI-based prediction and CRISPR/Cas12a-based detection for IDH genotyping in glioma
Authors: Yu Donghu , Zhong Qisheng , Xiao Yilei , Feng Zhebin , Tang Feng , Feng Shiyu , Cai Yuxiang , Gao Yutong , Lan Tian , Li Mingjun , Yu Fuhua , Wang Zefen , Gao Xu , Li Zhiqiang
Published: July 2024

Early identification of IDH mutation status is of great significance in clinical therapeutic decision-making in the treatment of glioma. We demonstrate a technological solution to improve the accuracy and reliability of IDH mutation detection by combining MRI-based prediction and a CRISPR-based automatic integrated gene detection system (AIGS). A model was constructed to predict the IDH mutation status using whole slices in MRI scans with a Transformer neural network, and the predictive model achieved accuracies of 0.93, 0.87, and 0.84 using the internal and two external test sets, respectively. Additionally, CRISPR/Cas12a-based AIGS was constructed, and AIGS achieved 100% diagnostic accuracy in terms of IDH detection using both frozen tissue and FFPE samples in one hour. Moreover, the feature attribution of our predictive model was assessed using GradCAM, and the highest correlations with tumor cell percentages in enhancing and IDH-wildtype gliomas were found to have GradCAM importance (0.65 and 0.5, respectively). This MRI-based predictive model could, therefore, guide biopsy for tumor-enriched, which would ensure the veracity and stability of the rapid detection results. The combination of our predictive model and AIGS improved the early determination of IDH mutation status in glioma patients. This combined system of MRI-based prediction and CRISPR/Cas12a-based detection can be used to guide biopsy, resection, and radiation for glioma patients to improve patient outcomes.
Pediatric sex estimation using AI-enabled ECG analysis: influence of pubertal development
Authors: O’Sullivan Donnchadh , Anjewierden Scott , Greason Grace , Attia Itzhak Zachi , Lopez-Jimenez Francisco , Friedman Paul A. , Noseworthy Peter , Anderson Jason , Kashou Anthony , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Eidem Benjamin W. , Johnson Jonathan N. , Niaz Talha , Madhavan Malini
Published: July 2024

AI-enabled ECGs have previously been shown to accurately predict patient sex in adults and correlate with sex hormone levels. We aimed to test the ability of AI-enabled ECGs to predict sex in the pediatric population and study the influence of pubertal development. AI-enabled ECG models were created using a convolutional neural network trained on pediatric 10-second, 12-lead ECGs. The first model was trained de novo using pediatric data. The second model used transfer learning from a previously validated adult data-derived algorithm. We analyzed the first ECG from 90,133 unique pediatric patients (aged ≤18 years) recorded between 1987–2022, and divided the cohort into training, validation, and testing datasets. Subgroup analysis was performed on prepubertal (0–7 years), peripubertal (8–14 years), and postpubertal (15–18 years) patients. The cohort was 46.7% male, with 21,678 prepubertal, 26,740 peripubertal, and 41,715 postpubertal children. The de novo pediatric model demonstrated 81% accuracy and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91. Model sensitivity was 0.79, specificity was 0.83, positive predicted value was 0.84, and the negative predicted value was 0.78, for the entire test cohort. The model’s discriminatory ability was highest in postpubertal (AUC = 0.98), lower in the peripubertal age group (AUC = 0.91), and poor in the prepubertal age group (AUC = 0.67). There was no significant performance difference observed between the transfer learning and de novo models. AI-enabled interpretation of ECG can estimate sex in peripubertal and postpubertal children with high accuracy.
Ventrointermediate thalamic stimulation improves motor learning in humans
Authors: Voegtle Angela , Terzic Laila , Farahat Amr , Hartong Nanna , Galazky Imke , Hinrichs Hermann , Nasuto Slawomir J. , de Oliveira Andrade Adriano , Knight Robert T. , Ivry Richard B. , Voges Jürgen , Deliano Matthias , Buentjen Lars , Sweeney-Reed Catherine M.
Published: July 2024

Ventrointermediate thalamic stimulation (VIM-DBS) modulates oscillatory activity in a cortical network including primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, and parietal cortex. Here we show that, beyond the beneficial effects of VIM-DBS on motor execution, this form of invasive stimulation facilitates production of sequential finger movements that follow a repeated sequence. These results highlight the role of thalamo–cortical activity in motor learning.
Label-free morpho-molecular phenotyping of living cancer cells by combined Raman spectroscopy and phase tomography
Authors: Bresci Arianna , Kobayashi-Kirschvink Koseki J. , Cerullo Giulio , Vanna Renzo , So Peter T. C. , Polli Dario , Kang Jeon Woong
Published: July 2024

Accurate, rapid and non-invasive cancer cell phenotyping is a pressing concern across the life sciences, as standard immuno-chemical imaging and omics require extended sample manipulation. Here we combine Raman micro-spectroscopy and phase tomography to achieve label-free morpho-molecular profiling of human colon cancer cells, following the adenoma, carcinoma, and metastasis disease progression, in living and unperturbed conditions. We describe how to decode and interpret quantitative chemical and co-registered morphological cell traits from Raman fingerprint spectra and refractive index tomograms. Our multimodal imaging strategy rapidly distinguishes cancer phenotypes, limiting observations to a low number of pristine cells in culture. This synergistic dataset allows us to study independent or correlated information in spectral and tomographic maps, and how it benefits cell type inference. This method is a valuable asset in biomedical research, particularly when biological material is in short supply, and it holds the potential for non-invasive monitoring of cancer progression in living organisms.
Higgs-Leggett mechanism for the elusive $${\phi }_{0}/3={hc}/6e$$ oscillation in Little-Parks setup of Kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5
Authors: Zhang Ling-Feng , Wang Zhi , Hu Xiao
Published: July 2024

A recent Little-Parks experiment in Kagome-structured superconductor CsV3Sb5 demonstrated resistance oscillations with period $${\phi }_{0}/3={hc}/6e$$

ϕ

0

/
3
=
h
c
/
6
e
. Here, we perform analysis based on a theory involving three $$2{{{{{\rm{e}}}}}}$$
2
e
superconductivity (SC) order parameters associated with the three reciprocal lattice vectors which connect M points of the hexagonal Brillouin zone. In a ring geometry we find that, as a series of intermediate states, phase of one SC order parameter winds 2π more or less than the other two ones around the ring, which yields local free-energy minima at integer multiples of $${\phi }_{0}/3$$

ϕ

0

/
3
. It is unveiled that the ground-state degeneracy associated with a Z2 chirality is crucial, and the Higgs-Leggett mechanism stabilizes domain walls (DWs) between chiral domains. At low temperatures DWs are expelled from the system resulting in free-energy minima only at integer multiples of $${\phi }_{0}$$

ϕ

0

. Our theory explains successfully the fractional quantization of magnetic flux $${\phi }_{0}/3$$

ϕ

0

/
3
observed in experiments, which opens a door for approaching rich physics of Kagome superconductors.
Perturbation-tuned triple spiral metamagnetism and tricritical point in kagome metal ErMn6Sn6
Authors: Samatham Satya Shanmukharao , Casey Jacob , Szucs Adrienn Maria , Yenugonda Venkateswara , Burgio Christopher , Siegrist Theo , Pathak Arjun K.
Published: July 2024

Kagome materials are of topical interest for their diverse quantum properties linked with correlated magnetism and topology. Here, we report anomalous hydrostatic pressure (p) effect on ErMn6Sn6 through isobaric and isothermal-isobaric magnetization measurements. Magnetic field (H) suppresses antiferromagnetic TN while simultaneously enhancing the ferrimagnetic TC by exhibiting dual metamagnetic transitions, arising from the triple-spiral-nature of Er and Mn spins. Counter-intuitively, pressure enhances both TC and TN with a growth rate of 74.4 K GPa−1 and 14.4 K GPa−1 respectively. Pressure unifies the dual metamagnetic transitions as illustrated through p-H phase diagrams at 140 and 200 K. Temperature-field-pressure (T-H, T-p) phase diagrams illustrate distinct field- and pressure-induced critical points at (Tcr = 246 K, Hcr = 23.3 kOe) and (Tcr = 435.8 K, pcr = 4.74 GPa) respectively. An unusual increase of magnetic entropy by pressure around Tcr and a putative pressure-induced tricritical point pave a unique way of tuning the magnetic properties of kagome magnets through simultaneous application of H and p.
All-photonic artificial synapses based on photochromic perovskites for noncontact neuromorphic visual perception
Authors: Zhou Xing , Hu Fangzhen , Hou Qing , Hu Jinming , Wang Yimeng , Chen Xi
Published: July 2024

Recently optoelectronic synapses generating light-driven electrical memories have played a vital role in the neuromorphic computing of visual perception. However, all the optoelectronic synapses demonstrate photoelectric conversion. Peripheral circuits are used for contact photocurrent measurement, leading to significant energy consumption and impeding the evolution of optical wireless communication. It is crucial to develop noncontact neuromorphic visual perception based on light-driven photonic memories. Herein, we report all-photonic artificial synapses based on photochromic perovskites. Triggered by ultraviolet and visible light pulses, cesium lead iodide bromine induces a structural disorder. Optical transmittance changes induced by the disorder last after the pulses are gone. Next, the photonic memories are propagated in the air and processed by a recurrent neural network. The accuracy of binary image recognition is instantly stabilized at 1.0, and accuracy above 0.8 after 7 epochs is achieved in the recognition of digitals from 0 to 9. The all-photonic synapses realize remote perception with zero in-situ energy consumption and enable artificial sensory systems with low-power computation, remote control, and ultrahigh propagation speed.
Condensation of organic-inorganic vapours governs the production of ultrafine secondary marine cloud nuclei
Authors: Xu Wei , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Fossum Kirsten N. , Huang Ru-Jin , Huang Dan Dan , Zhong Haobin , Gu Yifang , Lin Chunshui , Huang Cheng , O’Dowd Colin , Ceburnis Darius
Published: July 2024

Ultrafine secondary marine aerosol (<100 nm), formed via gas-to-particle conversion, can make an important contribution to the number of cloud condensation nuclei in the marine boundary layer. It has long been known that the growth of ultrafine secondary marine aerosol cannot be sustained solely by condensation of the inorganic species that drive the initial nucleation, and condensation of organic vapours has been suggested as the most likely mechanism. However, the evidence from field observations had been lacking. Here we report observational evidence on the importance of the condensation of organic and inorganic vapours onto Aitken mode particles in forming cloud condensation nuclei. Further long-term analysis (over 10 years) with additional hygroscopicity growth measurements reveals that the ultrafine secondary marine aerosol growth events are driven by condensation of biogenic vapours, which leads to up to substantial increases in cloud condensation nuclei number at realistic marine cloud supersaturation.
A rapid narrative review of the clinical evolution of psychedelic treatment in clinical trials
Authors: Kishon Ronit , Modlin Nadav Liam , Cycowicz Yael M. , Mourtada Hania , Wilson Tayler , Williamson Victoria , Cleare Anthony , Rucker James
Published: July 2024

Pre-prohibition psychedelic research with complex psychiatric patients generated a wealth of treatment methodologies and practices, providing invaluable clinical insights pertaining to the medical administration of psychedelics in various mental health diagnoses. Building upon these early studies, which lack the rigor and research tools available today, contemporary psychedelic research has focused on investigating the safety and efficacy of psychedelics in randomized controlled trials via psychometric measures and symptom assessments. Both then and now, the treatment context and the role of clinicians in psychedelic treatment has been recognized as an essential feature for positive patient outcomes. To broaden the knowledge base of modern psychedelic research and support the training of clinicians conducting medically supervised psychedelic research studies, this paper provides a review of pre-prohibition clinical research narratives pertaining to the phenomenology of psychedelic treatment and the role of the non-pharmacological treatment factors in the patient experience. Lastly, this paper explores a range of clinician perspectives and psychological interventions employed in pre-prohibition psychedelic research to inform future research directions and best practice guidelines.
Liberal-conservative asymmetries in anti-democratic tendencies are partly explained by psychological differences in a nationally representative U.S. sample
Authors: de Oliveira Santos Débora , Jost John T.
Published: July 2024

Based on theory and research in political psychology, we hypothesized that liberal-conservative differences in right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and political system justification would contribute to asymmetries in anti-democratic tendencies. These hypotheses were tested in a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults (N = 1557). Results revealed that conservatives were less supportive of political equality and legal rights and guarantees and more willing to defect from democratic “rules of the game” and vote for anti-democratic candidates, even after adjusting for political extremism. Mediational analyses suggested that conservatives’ anti-democratic tendencies were partially attributable to higher levels of right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation. Conservatives also scored higher in political system justification, which was associated with support for free speech and mitigated anti-democratic tendencies. Democrats and Republicans who approved January 6, 2021, insurrectionists were more conservative and higher in right-wing authoritarianism than those who did not. Implications for social psychology and society are discussed.
Climate change advocacy and cancer clinical trial organisations
Authors: Oo Nay My , Weadick Catherine S. , Murphy Lucy , O’Reilly Seamus
Published: July 2024

Background

Climate change is a threat to human health; equally health care is a threat to climate change as it accounts for 4% of greenhouse gas emissions and 30% of the world’s electronically stored data. 350,000 international trials are registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with ~27·5 million tonnes of emissions (equivalent to half of annual Danish emissions).

Methods

In September 2023 climate awareness among cancer clinical trial organisations was assessed via a web-based scoping exercise.

Results

Seventy-five organisations were identified of whom 46 had search tools on their websites. Eight out of 46 clinical trial groups had at least one parameter of commitment to climate change, and 38 organisations had none. Of 46 websites, 5 had climate change position statements or policies, 4 had a committee or task force, 1 provided patient education resources for climate change via video link, 7 included green initiative advice and 8 had publications addressing climate change. Only 5 were listed as members of Climate Change Consortiums.

Conclusions

Based on website assessment climate advocacy among cancer clinical trial organisations is low, and efforts to encourage climate engagement are needed.
A short review on green H2 production by aqueous phase reforming of biomass derivatives
Authors: Leng Songqi , Barghi Shahzad , Xu Chunbao
Published: July 2024

Due to high energy content and environmentally friendly attributes, hydrogen is regarded as an ideal energy carrier, serving as a viable alternative to fossil fuels. Steam reforming of fossil fuels is currently the dominant source of hydrogen production with negative environmental impacts, therefore aqueous phase reforming (APR) of biomass derivatives represents an attractive method for green hydrogen production due to its relatively mild operating temperatures and carbon neutrality. This work provides an overview of the types of catalysts employed in the APR process and their pros and cons regarding their performance and operating conditions. Effects of various catalyst supports, e.g., alloy oxides, composite active metals and ceria, and feedstocks, on performance of the catalysts in APR are also discussed. Recent advances and challenges in APR are summarized into several aspects, (1) doping metals/inorganics into support, (2) structural manipulation and defect induction to support, (3) synthesis of single-atom catalysts, (4) development of more eco-friendly processes or catalysts. The present review can provide guidance for prospective development of efficient catalysts and supports for APR of biomass derivatives for green H2 production.
Sustainable co-production of porous graphitic carbon and synthesis gas from biomass resources
Authors: Pusarapu Vishnu , Narayana Sarma Rakesh , Ochonma Prince , Gadikota Greeshma
Published: July 2024

Existing pathways to produce graphite which include extraction of natural graphite impact the environment, while the conversion of fossil-driven carbon to graphite around temperatures as high as 3000 °C consumes large quantities of energy. Potassium - catalyzed graphitization is a more sustainable route and can achieve graphitic carbon formation at temperatures lower than 1000 °C, while enhancing pore formation and creating porous graphitic carbon (PGC). This two-step approach involves carbonization followed by graphitization. However, the compositions of the gaseous products have not been reported in prior studies. In this perspective, the chemical transformations underlying Alkaline Thermal Graphitization (ATG) for the co-production of synthesis gas (H2 and CO) and PGC in a single step, utilizing lignocellulosic biomass, are reported. The presence of graphitic and porous carbon structures in PGC are well suited for supercapacitor applications. This promising approach maximizes resource recovery by upgrading volatile matter to synthesis gas and low value biomass residues to porous graphitic carbon (PGC), thus co-producing sustainable fuels and energy storage materials, while lowering CO2 emissions compared to existing pathways to produce graphite.
Classifying topology in photonic crystal slabs with radiative environments
Authors: Wong Stephan , Loring Terry A. , Cerjan Alexander
Published: July 2024

In the recent years, photonic Chern materials have attracted substantial interest as they feature topological edge states that are robust against disorder, promising to realize defect-agnostic integrated photonic crystal slab devices. However, the out-of-plane radiative losses in those photonic Chern slabs has been previously neglected, yielding limited accuracy for predictions of these systems’ topological protection. Here, we develop a general framework for measuring the topological protection in photonic systems, such as in photonic crystal slabs, while accounting for in-plane and out-of-plane radiative losses. Our approach relies on the spectral localizer that combines the position and Hamiltonian matrices of the system to draw a real-picture of the system’s topology. This operator-based approach to topology allows us to use an effective Hamiltonian directly derived from the full-wave Maxwell equations after discretization via finite-elements method (FEM), resulting in the full account of all the system’s physical processes. As the spectral FEM-localizer is constructed solely from FEM discretization of the system’s master equation, the proposed framework is applicable to any physical system and is compatible with commonly used FEM software. Moving forward, we anticipate the generality of the method to aid in the topological classification of a broad range of complex physical systems.
Semiconductor core fibres: a scalable platform for nonlinear photonics
Authors: Huang Meng , Ballato John , Peacock Anna C.
Published: July 2024

Semiconductor core, glass cladding fibres that can be produced with scalable dimensions and unique waveguide designs are offering new opportunities for nonlinear photonics. This paper reviews developments in the fabrication and post-processing of such semiconductor core fibres and their enabling of low loss and high efficiency nonlinear components across wavelengths spanning the near- to mid-infrared. Through adaption and expansion of the production processes, routes to new core materials are being opened that could extend the application space, whilst all-fibre integration methods will result in more robust and practical semiconductor systems. Through continued improvement in the core materials, fibre designs and transmission losses, semiconductor fibres are poised to bring unique functionality to both the fibre and semiconductor research fields and their practical application into a myriad of optoelectronic devices.
Nanostructured hybrid catalysts empower the artificial leaf for solar-driven ammonia production from nitrate
Authors: Han Chen , Li Caixia , Yuwono Jodie A. , Liu Ziheng , Sun Kaiwen , Wang Kai , He Guojun , Huang Jialiang , Kumar Priyank V. , Vongsvivut Jitraporn , Cong Jialin , Mehrvarz Hamid , Han Zhaojun , Lu Xunyu , Pan Jian , Hao Xiaojing , Amal Rose
Published: July 2024

This work designed a nanostructured hybrid catalytic layer on commercial Si absorber to empower the artificial leaf for solar-driven ammonia and value-added chemicals production.
Conductive carbon fabric generation from single-step upcycling of textile waste
Authors: Tortosa Carles , Navarro-Segarra Marina , Guerrero Pedro , de la Caba Koro , Esquivel Juan Pablo
Published: July 2024

Feasibility demonstration of a single-step upcycling of textile waste into electrically conductive carbon textiles for their applicability in sustainable energy power sources; herein, an aqueous metal-free organic primary battery.
Recreational fishing expenditure as an indicator of coastal wetland habitat value
Authors: Taylor Matthew D. , Gaston Troy F. , Raoult Vincent , Hughes Julian M. , Murphy Jeff , Hewitt Daniel E. , Connolly Rod M. , Ochwada-Doyle Faith A.
Published: July 2024

We present a new approach for partitioning expenditure on recreational fishing to coastal wetland habitats. The value of coastal wetland habitats for recreational fisheries was considerable, exceeding similarly derived values for commercial fisheries.
Stimuli-responsive polymer-based nanosystems for cardiovascular disease theranostics
Authors: Liu Yuying , Li Congcong , Yang Xiao , Yang Bin , Fu Qinrui
Published: July 2024

Stimuli-responsive polymer-based nanosystems have gained significant attention for cardiovascular disease theranostics. This review summarizes various stimuli-responsive nanosystems used for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
Silk-based intelligent fibers and textiles: structures, properties, and applications
Authors: Yang Xiao-Chun , Wang Xiao-Xue , Wang Chen-Yu , Zheng Hong-Long , Yin Meng , Chen Ke-Zheng , Qiao Sheng-Lin
Published: July 2024

This review summarizes the hierarchical structure and multifaceted properties of natural silk fibers, and provides an in-depth analysis of their extensive applications in the realms of biomedicine and advanced smart fiber technology.
Photosalient effect and photodimerization of mono- and dicationic organic salts incorporated in 4-styrylpyridine
Authors: Kusumoto Sotaro , Wakabayashi Kaede , Rakumitsu Kenta , Kim Yang , Koide Yoshihiro
Published: July 2024

The study presents the photodimerization of mono- and dicationic organic salts incorporated with 4-styrylpyridine and their photo-bending behavior.
Functionalized hexagonal boron nitride bilayers: desirable electro-optical properties for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Shu Huabing
Published: July 2024

Structural, electronic, and optical properties of functionalized hexagonal boron nitride bilayer were investigated using first-principles calculations.
Mechanistic origins for the enhanced ethanol dehydration kinetics in H-ZSM-5 by cofeeding n-butanol
Authors: de Reviere Arno , Verberckmoes An , Sabbe Maarten K.
Published: July 2024

Periodic density functional theory (DFT) with dispersion corrections is used to construct a detailed reaction network for dehydration of n-butanol/ethanol mixtures in H-ZSM-5.
Catalytic graphitization of pyrolysis oil for anode application in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Dey Shaikat Chandra , Lower Lillian , Vook Trevor , Islam Md. Nazrul , Sagues William Joe , Han Sang-Don , Nimlos Mark R. , Kelley Stephen S. , Park Sunkyu
Published: July 2024

The overwhelming demand for lithium-ion batteries necessitates a sustainable and environment-friendly production of graphite anode materials. Catalytic graphitization of pyrolysis oil is promising for mass-scale production of biographite.
Catalyst-free photochemical CO2 hydrogenation to CO and CH4 conversion to C2H6
Authors: Zhai Jianxin , Zhou Baowen , Wu Haihong , Chen Xiao , Xia Zhanghui , Chen Chunjun , Xue Cheng , Dong Mengke , Deng Ting , Jia Shuaiqiang , He Mingyuan , Han Buxing
Published: July 2024

A simple photochemical route was developed that utilizes 172 nm vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons as driver for CO2 hydrogenation to CO and the transformation of CH4 to H2 and C2H6.
A synthesized sphalerite standard for in situ analysis of sulfur isotopes and trace elements by LA-MC-ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS
Authors: Dai Zhi-hui , Liao Peng , Wang Deng-jun , Lin Sen , Li He-ping , Bao Zhi-an , Hou Ke-jun , Chen Lie-meng , Lan Ting-guang , Cui Can
Published: July 2024

A synthesized sphalerite bulk Sph-LD is recommended as a potential reference material for S isotope and trace element analysis employing LA-MC-ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS.
Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and its special applications
Authors: Vanhoof Christine , Bacon Jeffrey R. , Fittschen Ursula E. A. , Vincze Laszlo
Published: July 2024

This review covers developments in and applications of XRF techniques such as EDXRF, WDXRF, TXRF, XRF microscopy using technologies such as synchrotron sources, X-ray optics, X-ray tubes and detectors in laboratory, mobile and hand-held systems.
Empowering tomorrow's medicine: energy-driven micro/nano-robots redefining biomedical applications
Authors: Preetam Subham , Pritam Pingal , Mishra Richa , Rustagi Sarvesh , Lata Smita , Malik Sumira
Published: July 2024

Application of micro/nano-robots in the bio-medical sector.
Multiple free-radical-trapping and hydrogen-bonding-enhanced polyurethane foams with long-lasting flame retardancy, aging resistance, and toughness
Authors: He Lei , Chen Ming-Jun , Zeng Fu-Rong , Wang Ting , Wei-Luo  , Fang Dan-Xuan , Guo Shuai-Qi , Deng Cong , Zhao Hai-Bo , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: July 2024

Schematic illustration of the durable flame retardancy, aging resistance, and toughness benefits of hindered amine phosphorus-containing polyol (DTAP) for FPUF.
Unraveling the impact of different liposomal formulations on the plasma protein corona composition might give hints on the targeting capability of nanoparticles
Authors: Imperlini Esther , Di Marzio Luisa , Cevenini Armando , Costanzo Michele , Nicola d'Avanzo  , Fresta Massimo , Orrù Stefania , Celia Christian , Salvatore Francesco
Published: July 2024

Investigating complex patterns in the plasma protein corona of different liposomal formulations to identify formulation-specific protein clusters which in turn may suggest possible targeting capability.
Recent progress of MnBi2Te4 epitaxial thin films as a platform for realising the quantum anomalous Hall effect
Authors: Li Qile , Mo Sung-Kwan , Edmonds Mark T.
Published: July 2024

This mini-review summarises recent discoveries on MnBi2Te4 thin films and provides insights for overcoming the temperature barrier for the quantum anomalous Hall effect.
Mechanistic insight into near-infrared light-driven Cu2O/WO2 Ohmic contact photothermal catalysts for high-efficiency antibiotic wastewater purification
Authors: Li Jihui , Sun Shaodong , Lyu Jieli , Yu Xiaojing , Zhao Jiaqing , Yang Man , Yang Bian , Yang Qing , Cui Jie
Published: July 2024

The enhanced degradation of TC solution is attributed to rich OV-induced NIR light harvesting as well as photothermal effect, and high-efficiency photocharge separation caused by Ohmic contact between OV-rich Cu2O and WO2.
Recent advances of biocompatible optical nanobiosensors in liquid biopsy: towards early non-invasive diagnosis
Authors: Ya Na , Zhang Dangui , Wang Yan , Zheng Yi , Yang Mo , Wu Hao , Oudeng Gerile
Published: July 2024

This article reviews recent advancements in optical nanosensors for liquid biopsy, focusing on the early diagnosis. It specifically examines the effectiveness of optical nanosensors in detecting real patient samples.
Tryptophan intercalation in siRNA drives the formation of polymeric micelles with enhanced delivery efficiency
Authors: Nakashima Yuki , Yang Wenqian , Chen Pengwen , Masuda Keita , Hong Teahun , Cabral Horacio
Published: July 2024

A robust delivery system for siRNA was developed based on tryptophan-intercalated polymeric micelles. These micelles enhance intracellular delivery and gene knockdown, leveraging tryptophan's role in stability and endosomal escape.
Lignin-based adaptable covalently cross-linked fabric for flexible sensors
Authors: Ma Xiaozhen , Wang Xiaolin , Zhao Honglong , Cui Minghui , Xu Xiaobo , Kong Fangfang , Chen Peng , Yan Ning , Zhu Jin , Chen Jing
Published: July 2024

A high toughness, and deformation-responsive covalent adaptable lignin-based polyurethane was synthesized.
Asymmetric difluoroalkylation via Michael addition of an in situ generated difluoroenol intermediate
Authors: Xie Xiongda , Chen Gang , Huang Jingjing , Liu Yongqiang , Xu Xinfang
Published: July 2024

An asymmetric difluoroalkylation using α,α-difluoroenol as the key synthon has been disclosed, providing oxindoles containing a chiral quaternary carbon center in generally good yields and with excellent stereoselectivities.
Cascade reaction for bio-polyol synthesis from sunflower oil over a W/ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst for the fabrication of a bio-polyurethane-based porous biocomposite with high oil uptake
Authors: Hoang Phan Huy , Dat Hoang Tien
Published: July 2024

Bio-polyol was synthesized from vegetable oil using W/ZSM-5 catalyst via cascade reaction for formation of bio-polyurethane based porous composite with high oil uptake.
Main chain selective polymer degradation: controlled by the wavelength and assembly
Authors: Do Phuong T. , Sbordone Federica , Kalmer Henrik , Sokolova Anna , Zhang Chao , Thai Linh Duy , Golberg Dmitri V. , Chapman Robert , Poad Berwyck L. J. , Frisch Hendrik
Published: July 2024

A pair of cyclic monomers enables selective photocleavage at different wavelengths and self-assembly into photoreactive micelles, which alter depolymerization products.
A cobalt-modified covalent organic framework enables highly efficient degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in high concentrations through peroxymonosulfate activation
Authors: Ma Yunchao , Han Yuhang , Yao Yuxin , Zhou Tianyu , Sun Dongshu , Liu Chunbo , Che Guangbo , Hu Bo , Valtchev Valentin , Fang Qianrong
Published: July 2024

A post-modified covalent organic skeleton (JLNU-307-Co) for degradation of 2,4-DCP was prepared. This study provides a broad prospect for the practical application of COF materials in the degradation of organic pollutants.
Dual-function additive enables a self-regulatory mechanism to balance cathode–anode interface demands in Zn‖MnO2 batteries
Authors: Han Yuying , Wang Fangzheng , Yan Lijin , Luo Liang , Qin Yuan , Zhu Chong , Hao Jiangyu , Chen Qizhi , Zou Xuefeng , Zhou Yang , Xiang Bin
Published: July 2024

The poor reversibility of the zinc (Zn) anodes and the irreversible deposition/dissolution of Mn2+/MnO2 significantly impede the commercialization of Zn–Mn aqueous batteries (ZMABs).