bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The system effects of linkages on actor disposition and resource density: an approach to university-industry linkages
Authors: Ventura Rafael , Quero María J. , Martínez-Martínez Sofía Louise
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Linkages play a strategic role in improving actor disposition and resource density in university–industry ecosystems. Due to the importance of interconnected ecosystems for the development of engaged universities, applying the service-dominant logic (SDL) perspective, the authors aim at developing theory on linkages that lead to a higher level of actor commitment and in turn result in increased actor disposition and greater resource density.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from semistructured interviews from four in depth case studies, known internationally as successful cases of university linkages development (Columbia Lab-to-Market Accelerator Network, Oxford University Innovation, Auckland Uniservices and the Münster Center for Interdisciplinarity), undergo qualitative analysis according to the Gioia methodology.

Findings

The results represent a contribution to the theory, as they highlight the strategic role of linkages in improving actor disposition and increasing resource density. Due to its shown importance, linkage is an element to be considered on its own in the innovation ecosystems configurations in the context of universities.

Practical implications

The results of the research have implications for university management, since they focus on how resources are mobilized and linked. The interactive roles of actors in ecosystems imply that the locus of value creation moves beyond the borders of the organization toward the linkages. Strategies for managing university–industry linkages (UIL) are presented.

Originality/value

To date there has not been sufficient theoretical or empirical contribution in the university–industry ecosystem context about the role of linkages to improve resource density through increased actor disposition.
Entrepreneurship educators: a configurational analysis of factors influencing pedagogical choices
Authors: Nikou Shahrokh , Brush Candida , Wraae Birgitte
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Entrepreneurship education (EE) is critical for developing the skills of tomorrow's entrepreneurs and leaders. While significant research examines the content, student learning processes and outcomes, less studied are the entrepreneurship educators and their pedagogical preferences. Following a cognitive process model of decision-making, this study explores how self-efficacy, philosophy of teaching, entrepreneurship training and teaching experience influence entrepreneurship educator preferences to follow either a teacher-centric or a student-centric approach. This study also includes gender in a secondary analysis of the relationships.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected from 289 entrepreneurship educators in 2021, and fuzzy-set comparative qualitative analysis (fsQCA) was used to obtain configurations of conditions (causal recipes) that lead to teacher-centric or student-centric model. A secondary analysis explores whether there are different configurations of conditions when gender is added to the analysis.

Findings

The results of our fsQCA analysis reveal multiple configurations of conditions (causal recipes) that result in a preference for either a teacher-centric or student-centric approach to teaching entrepreneurship. The authors find that teaching experience is the main condition for the teacher-centric model, while self-efficacy and entrepreneurship training are the main conditions for the pathways leading to student-centric model. The fsQCA results also show that the configurations are affected when gender is taken into account in the analysis.

Originality/value

This study, one of the first of its kind, uses a configurational approach to examine pathways that contribute to the teaching preferences of entrepreneurship educators. This paper uses self-efficacy, teaching philosophy, teaching experience and entrepreneurship training as conditions to identify multiple unique pathways that result in either a teacher-centric or student-centric pedagogical model in EE. Notably, differences by gender are also found in this study.
Individuating: how founder's social identities shape their evaluation of opportunities
Authors: Madjdi Farsan , Zolfaghari Badri
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This paper adds to the ongoing debate on judgements, opportunity evaluation and founder identity theory and shows that founders vary in their prioritisation and combination of judgement criteria, linked to their respective social founder identity. It further reveals how this variation among founder identity types shapes their perception of distinct entrepreneurial opportunities and the forming of first-person opportunity beliefs.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a qualitative approach by presenting three business scenarios to a sample of 34 first-time founders. It adopts a first-person perspective on their cognitive processes during the evaluation of entrepreneurial opportunities using verbal protocol and content analysis techniques.

Findings

The theorised model highlights the use of similar categories of judgement criteria by individual founders during opportunity evaluation that followed two distinct stages, namely search and validation. Yet, founders individualised their judgement process through the prioritisation of different judgement criteria.

Originality/value

The authors provide new insights into how individuals individuate entrepreneurial opportunities through the choice of different judgement criteria that enable them to develop opportunity confidence during opportunity evaluation. The study also shows that first-time founders depict variations in their cognitive frames that are based on their social identity types as they assess opportunity-related information and elicit variations in reciprocal relationships emerging between emotion and cognition. Exposing these subjective cognitive evaluative processes provides theoretical and practical implications that are discussed as well.
Spatial relationship between financial development, energy consumption and economic growth in emerging markets
Authors: Minh Ha Nguyen , Ngoc Bui Hoang
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The study aims to discover the spatial relationship between financial development, energy consumption and economic growth in 11 ASIA countries, using panel data from 1980 to 2016.

Design/methodology/approach

The study applies three popular spatial models, namely, (1) spatial error model (SEM), (2) spatial autoregressive model (SAR) and (3) spatial Durbin model (SDM), to explore the direct and spillover effect of financial development and energy consumption on economic growth. Furthermore, a novel test proposed by Juodis et al. (2020) is employed to check the Granger non-causality between each pair of variables.

Findings

The empirical outcomes found direct and spillover effects of financial development and energy consumption on economic growth in 11 ASIA countries. Accordingly, an expansion of the financial development in country i is beneficial for the growth of the host country and neighboring countries, and vice versa. However, an increase in energy consumption in country i leads to a decrease in the economic growth of neighboring countries. The test of Granger non-causality indicated a bidirectional causality between financial development and economic growth, and unidirectional causality running from economic growth to energy consumption.

Research limitations/implications

Spillover effects of financial development and energy consumption on growth have largely been ignored in previous studies, especially in emerging countries. Thus, the study enriches the literature and provides some policy implications for ASIA countries.

Practical implications

Spillover effects of financial development and energy consumption on growth have largely been ignored in previous studies, especially in emerging countries. Thus, the study enriches the literature and provides some policy implications for ASIA countries.

Originality/value

Spillover effects of financial development and energy consumption on growth have largely been ignored in previous studies, especially in emerging countries. Thus, the study enriches the literature and provides some policy implications for ASIA countries.
Does institutional quality matter for foreign direct investment flows? Empirical evidence from BRICS economies
Authors: Gupta Surbhi , Yadav Surendra S. , Jain P.K.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study attempts to assess the role that institutional quality (IQ) plays in influencing inflows and outflows of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for BRICS nations as burgeoning FDI is flowing into and out of these countries. Moreover, this paper explores the impact of individual governance indicators separately on the FDI flows.

Design/methodology/approach

The study analyses this nexus for these emerging economies for the period 1996–2019 using autoregressive distributed lag technique.

Findings

The study indicates a significant and positive coefficient for IQ in India and South Africa, suggesting that improving IQ would enhance the IFDI. However, for outward FDI (OFDI)–IQ linkage, the results show a negatively significant impact of IQ on OFDI for Brazil and Russia. Additionally, the authors observe control of corruption as a significant institutional component for attracting inward FDI for Brazil, India and South Africa, whereas it is an insignificant factor for Russia and China. Further, the authors notably find that upgrading the governance indicators will decrease the level of OFDI for Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa. On the contrary, findings suggest that improving the IQ will foster the OFDI for India.

Originality/value

This study uses time-series analysis instead of cross-country analysis (used extensively in literature), avoiding heterogeneity. Further, this study explores the IFDI–IQ link for BRICS nations, which are captivating a significant chunk of IFDI, and still not given much attention in the extant literature. Moreover, the authors identify the impact of IQ on the OFDI, neglected by the existing studies.
Modeling customer satisfaction and revisit intention from online restaurant reviews: an attribute-level analysis
Authors: Zhao Futao , Liu Hao
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to detect predefined service attributes and their sentiments from online restaurant reviews, and then to measure the effects of customer sentiments toward service attributes on customer satisfaction (CS) and revisit intention (RVI) simultaneously.

Design/methodology/approach

This study proposed a supervised framework to model CS and RVI simultaneously from restaurant reviews. Specifically, the authors detected the predefined service dimensions from online reviews based on random forest. Then, the sentiment polarities of the reviews toward each predefined dimension were identified using light-gradient boosting machine (LightGBM). Finally, the effects of attribute-specific sentiments on CS and RVI were evaluated by a bagged neural network-based model. The proposed framework was evaluated by 305,000 restaurant comments collected from DianPing.com, a Yelp-like website in China.

Findings

The authors obtained a hierarchal importance order of the investigated service themes (i.e. location, service, environment, price and food). The authors found that food played the most important role in affecting both CS and RVI. The most salient attribute with respect to each service theme was also identified.

Originality/value

Unlike prior work relying on the data collected from surveys, this study is among the first to model the relationship among service attributes, CS and RVI simultaneously from real-world data. The authors established a hierarchal structure of eighteen attributes within five service themes and estimated their effects on both CS and RVI, which will broaden our understanding of customer perception and behavioral intention during service consumption.
The value of time together: a longitudinal investigation of mentor-protégé interactions in an online game
Authors: Williams Dmitri , Choi Sukyoung , Sparks Paul L. , Hong Joo-Wha
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The study aims to determine the outcomes of mentorship in an online game system, as well as the characteristics of good mentors.

Design/methodology/approach

A combination of anonymized survey measures and in-game behavioral measures were used to power longitudinal analysis over an 11-month period in which protégés and non-mentored new players could be compared for their performance, social connections and retention.

Findings

Successful people were more likely to mentor others, and mentors increased protégés' skill. Protégés had significantly better retention, were more active and much more successful as players than non-protégés. Contrary to expectations, younger, less wealthy and educated people were more likely to be mentors and mentors did not transfer their longevity. Many of the qualities of the mentor remain largely irrelevant—what mattered most was the time spent together.

Research limitations/implications

This is a study of an online game, which has unknown generalizability to other games and to offline settings.

Practical implications

The results show that getting mentors to spend dedicated time with protégés matters more than their characteristics.

Social implications

Good mentorship does not require age or resources to provide real benefits.

Originality/value

This is the first study of mentorship to use survey and objective outcome measures together, over time, online.
The Financial Conditions Index as an additional tool for policy-makers in developing countries: the Mexican case
Authors: Capasso Salvatore , Napolitano Oreste , Viveros Jiménez Ana Laura
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The idea of this study is to provide a solid Financial Condition Index (FCI) that allows the monetary transmission policy to be monitored in a country which in recent decades has suffered from major financial and monetary crises.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors construct three FCIs for Mexico to analyse the role of financial asset prices in formulating monetary policy under an inflation-targeting regime. Using monthly data from 1995 to 2017, the authors estimate FCIs with two different methodologies and build the index by taking into account the mechanism of transmission of monetary policy and incorporating the most relevant financial variables.

Findings

This study’s results show that, likewise for developing countries as Mexico, an FCI could be a useful tool for managing monetary policy in reducing macroeconomic fluctuations.

Originality/value

Apart from building a predictor of possible financial stress, the authors construct an FCI for a central bank that pursues inflation targeting and to analyse the role of financial asset prices in formulating monetary policy.

Highlights

We construct three FCIs for Mexico to analyse the role of financial asset prices in formulating monetary policy under an inflation-targeting regime.

The FCIs are based on (1) a vector autoregression model (VAR); (2) an autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) and (3) a factor-augmented vector autoregression model (FAVAR).

FCI could become a new target for monetary policy within a hybrid inflation-targeting framework.

FCI could be a good tool for managing monetary policy in developing countries with a low-inflation environment.
Ownership structure and firm performance: evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Boshnak Helmi A.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impact of ownership structure variables on the performance of Saudi listed firms.

Design/methodology/approach

The impact of ownership structure variables on firm performance is examined using fixed effects and dynamic panel generalised method of moments regression approaches for 70 listed firms over the period 2016–2021. Ownership structure variables are captured by examining government, institutional, insider, foreign and family ownership, and firm performance is gauged in terms of the accounting-based measures of return on assets and the return on equity and the market-based measures of Tobin’s Q and the market-to-book ratio.

Findings

The results show that government, institutional, insider and foreign ownership all positively affect both accounting and market-based performance measures, whereas family ownership exerts a negative impact across the models. The findings support resource dependence theory, agency theory and alignment effects arguments.

Practical implications

The findings have significant implications for Saudi regulators in their effort to improve domestic capital market efficiency and investor protection, while also highlighting the need for a corporate governance code to safeguard minority shareholders. The results demonstrate that government, institutional, insider and foreign ownership exert an important impact on firm operational and market performance.

Originality/value

This study expands the literature by examining how ownership structure variables affect performance in an interesting developing country corporate context.
A two-decade history of women’s entrepreneurship research trajectories in developing economies context: perspectives from India
Authors: Dana Léo-Paul , Chhabra Meghna , Agarwal Monika
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This paper seeks to add a historical perspective to the contemporary debate concerning women’s entrepreneurship in India. This study aims to explore the quantitative and qualitative research map of the research field of women’s entrepreneurship. Through this exploration, the authors aim to portray the historical and contemporary factors related to women’s entrepreneurship development in India, the problems and the opportunities. Future research opportunities are also identified based on the keyword analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses a systematic literature review to analyze the historical and theoretical perspectives of women’s entrepreneurship in India. The bibliometric analysis portrays the publication landscape, including the most popular journals, authors and countries, citation analysis and keyword analysis. The content analysis reveals the thematic clusters of the research field.

Findings

The content analysis of the management literature on women’s entrepreneurship reveals four primary clusters from the research: contextual embeddedness in women’s entrepreneurship, reasons for starting a business, microfinance interventions and empowerment of women entrepreneurs and marginalization dynamics for women entrepreneurs in India’s informal sector. The study also presents implications for policymakers and a women entrepreneurs’ development framework.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first to comprehensively analyze the management literature on women’s entrepreneurship in India from a historical perspective. The study combines bibliometric mapping and content analysis for a holistic presentation of the research field of women’s entrepreneurship in India and future research opportunities.
Substrate-type sensitized FBG temperature sensor
Authors: Hong Li , Wang Jingyuan , Cai Jianxian , Teng Yuntian , Qiu Zhongchao
Published: March 2023

Purpose

In response to the common low sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensors in measurement, an FBG temperature sensor sensitized in a substrate-type package structure is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach

The sensitivity of sensors is analyzed theoretically; aluminum alloys with large coefficient of thermal expansion are used; the ANSYS software is used for simulation analysis and optimization design of sensors; real sensors are developed based on simulation results; in this study, a test system was built to test the performance of the proposed sensor.

Findings

The results suggested that the sensitivity of encapsulated FBG temperature sensor is 27.3 pm/°C in the range of −20 °C to 40 °C, which is 2.7 times that of bare FBG sensor, while the linearity is up to more than 0.99.

Practical implications

The sensitivity of FBG temperature sensor is greatly improved by the design of the structure.

Originality/value

This study innovatively proposes substrate-type sensitized FBG temperature sensor. The temperature sensitivity of fiber grating can be improved by single metal structure, and the effect of structural strain can be reduced by a tab structure. The study results provide a reference for the development of like sensors and the further improvement in the sensitivity of FBG temperature sensors.
Transmission Effects of ESG Disclosure Regulations Through Bank Lending Networks
Authors: WANG LYNN LINGHUAN
Published: March 2023

This paper studies whether and how environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure regulations imposed on banks generate transmission effects along the lending channel. I use a setting of U.S. firms borrowing from non‐U.S. banks and exploit the staggered adoption of ESG disclosure regulations in banks’ home countries. I find that exposed borrowers of affected banks improve their environmental and social (E&S) performance following the disclosure mandate. Consistent with banks enhancing both their engagement and selection activities, affected banks impose more environmental action covenants in loan contracts, and they are more likely to terminate a borrower with bad E&S records following the regulation. Further evidence shows that the transmission effects are stronger when a disclosure regulation is well‐enforced (as indicated by a greater increase in banks’ disclosure) and among borrowers with greater switching costs. Collectively, the findings document the role of lending relationships in transmitting the real effect of ESG disclosure regulations from banks to borrowing firms.
Identification of the veterinary sedative medetomidine in combination with opioids and xylazine in Maryland
Authors: Sisco Edward , Appley Meghan
Published: March 2023

Public health, public safety, and forensic science personnel continue to face the emergence of new compounds into the drug market. While focus is often put on the detection of new analogs of known illicit drugs, monitoring the changes in cutting agents and other compounds can be equally as important. Over the last year, near real‐time monitoring of the drug supply in Maryland has been completed through a public health–public safety partnership whereby residue from suspected drug packaging or used paraphernalia is collected and analyzed. Through this project, we have recently detected the presence of the veterinary sedative medetomidine in a small number of samples. The presence of medetomidine has been identified in both public health and law enforcement samples and in the presence of fentanyl and xylazine—another veterinary sedative that has been widely observed over the last year. While the rate at which medetomidine has been detected remains low, it is concerning and worthy of continued monitoring.
Centring anti‐oppressive justice: Re‐envisioning dentistry's social contract
Authors: Fleming Eleanor , Smith Carlos S. , Quiñonez Carlos R.
Published: March 2023

Objectives

We re‐envision dentistry's social contract and elaborate on the idea that it is not neutral and free from such things as racism and white supremacy and can act as a tool of oppression.

Methods

We critique social contract theory through examination of classical and contemporary contract theorists. More specifically, our analysis draws from the work of Charles W. Mills, a philosopher of race and liberalism, as well as the theoretical and praxis framework of intersectionality.

Results

Social contract theory supports hierarchies and inequities that may be used to sustain unfair and unjust differences in oral health between social groups. When dentistry's social contract becomes a tool of oppression, its practice does not promote health equity but reinforces damaging social norms.

Conclusion

Dentistry must embrace an anti‐oppression framing of equity and elevate the principle of justice to one of liberation and not just fairness. In doing so, the profession can better understand itself, act more equitably and empower practitioners to advocate for justice in health and healthcare in its fullest sense. Anti‐oppressive justice supports health not as merely an obligation but as a human duty.
Long‐term increase in female body condition and its effect on reproduction in two European red‐listed species, Common Pochard (Aythya ferina) and Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula)
Authors: Gajdošová Dorota , Musil Petr , Zouhar Jan , Musilová Zuzana , Neužilová Šárka , Pavón‐Jordán Diego
Published: March 2023

Body condition of breeding females is an important driver of an individual's fitness and the consequent dynamics of populations. Long‐term changes in female body condition are likely to be affected by recent shifts in climatic and environmental conditions that can result in changes to population demography. To help explain the drivers shaping body condition during the incubation period and its consequences for reproductive success, we examined the long‐term pattern in the body condition of breeding females of two declining sympatric diving duck species: Common Pochard Aythya ferina and Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula. We analysed the data obtained from 139 females of Common Pochard and 251 females of Tufted Duck breeding on fishponds in South Bohemia, Czechia, between 2004 and 2020. We calculated the body condition index of females during late incubation based on the residuals from the relationship between body mass and tarsus length and used the incubation stage as an additional predictor of body mass. Body condition of both species did not decline over the 17 years of the study. The effect of winter weather conditions (winter temperature), water transparency (a proxy for food availability) and reproductive investment on body condition was not confirmed. Female body condition positively affected mean egg mass and hatchability in both studied species, i.e. females in better body condition laid larger eggs and hatched eggs with a higher hatching probability. We conclude that the population declines of the studied species are probably not connected to decreasing body condition of breeding females, but other reasons such as change in breeding propensity or offspring survival and recruitment should be considered in future studies.
The relationship of moult timing, duration and sequence to the aerial lifestyle of the Little Swift (Apus affinis)
Authors: Kiat Yosef , Bloch Itai
Published: March 2023

Feather moult is an important and energy‐demanding avian life‐history trait that is necessary to maintain the function of the plumage by replacing abraded feathers with new ones. However, during moult, aerodynamic capacity is temporarily impaired by the reduction and shape change of the flight surface. Therefore, among aerial birds, adaptations may evolve to reduce this impairment. Here, we studied the timing, duration and sequence of the annual complete moult of adult Little Swifts Apus affinis in northern Israel by examining the plumage of 55 individuals monthly in their colony. Primary moult occurs over 191.7 ± 24.0 days, representing 52.5 ± 6.6% of the annual cycle, and overlaps with the breeding season, a rare occurrence among small Palaearctic bird species. In addition, primary moult duration was significantly affected by its timing such that individuals that started to moult later had a shorter moult duration than those that started to moult earlier. This relationship is most likely to be a result of the time available for moult, which is limited by breeding and also by the cold season and the expected decline in food availability. Moult overlap with breeding or cold seasons may involve energetic and functional costs. Our results indicate two strategies that appear sequentially: (1) a slow and long moult that largely overlaps with breeding, and (2) a shorter moult that overlaps less with breeding (both strategies avoid moulting during the cold season). Most Little Swifts (85.7%) moulted their rectrices in a centripetal sequence starting with the outermost pair of rectrices inward. This moult was later in relation to wing feather renewal and had almost no overlap with primary moult. Finally, we tested a method for non‐invasively monitoring moult of small species by collecting and sampling shed feathers without the need to capture the birds themselves, as has been successfully used for larger bird species. This work demonstrates the importance of aerodynamic considerations in the evolution of life‐history traits. Moult‐related aerodynamic costs may be an important evolutionary factor shaping moult strategy, including timing, duration and sequence, mainly among species, like swifts, that are highly dependent on their aerodynamic ability.
Incidence of lead ingestion in managed goose populations and the efficacy of imposed restrictions on the use of lead shot
Authors: McIntosh Aimée L. S. , Ozsanlav‐Harris Luke , Taggart Mark A. , Shaw Jessica M. , Hilton Geoff M. , Bearhop Stuart
Published: March 2023

Lead is a toxic heavy metal that when ingested can cause death or sub‐lethal fitness effects. Despite its toxicity, it is still widely used in recreational and management shooting globally. To reduce the impacts of lead on wildfowl, recent European Union legislation has banned the use of lead shot in and around wetlands from 2023. Understanding the effectiveness of such mitigation is vital to inform future policy. On Islay, Scotland, the licensed shooting of Barnacle Geese Branta leucopsis to reduce agricultural damage has adhered to the ban on use of lead shot over Ramsar‐designated wetlands legislated in Scotland in 2004. On average 2380 lead cartridges were fired annually between 2005 and 2020 outside designated wetlands, where Barnacle Geese and other wildfowl forage. From faecal samples, it is possible to infer whether birds have ingested lead and are therefore potentially suffering from lead poisoning. After sampling faeces from Barnacle Geese (n = 193) and Greenland White‐fronted Geese Anser albifrons flavirostris (n = 150) we found only four (1.2%) faecal samples with elevated lead levels that may be indicative of lead shot ingestion. Further post‐mortem examinations (n = 102 Barnacle Geese only) and X‐ray of live birds (n = 293) revealed similarly low levels of shot ingestion in both species (post‐mortem < 4%, and X‐ray < 2%), corroborating findings from faecal sample analysis. When subsequently accounting for limited shot retention time within individuals, the proportion of each population ingesting a single lead shot over a winter was estimated at a maximum of 9.4% (Barnacle Geese) and 16.8% (White‐fronted Geese). We propose that high compliance with the ban on using lead shot over wetlands because of carefully controlled shooting management on Islay has led to relatively low instantaneous ingestion rates, probably resulting in minimal lead poisoning mortality. However, ingestion was not eliminated and the potential fitness effect of chronic lead poisoning in both goose populations therefore persists, although use of lead shot in organized shooting has subsequently been discontinued. Recent European Union bans on lead shot use over wetlands may reduce lead ingestion in waterfowl if compliance rates are high, but as foraging often occurs outside wetlands (as in this study), further restrictions including use on other key foraging sites may help to further mitigate the risk of lead poisoning in waterfowl.
Decisional conflict in parents of children with congenital heart defect: Towards development of a model
Authors: So Iris C.
Published: March 2023

Aim

This study aimed to develop a model to help parents cope with decisional conflict.

Background

Parents of children with congenital heart defect experience decisional conflict when they are uncertain about treatment decisions for their child, which may lead to delay in seeking care or distress over the decision made.

Design

Correlational design with model building and data triangulation was used.

Methods

Data were collected through surveys and interviews with a consecutive sample of 221 parent respondents from June to December 2018. Structural equation modelling and qualitative data analysis were used.

Results

Lower decisional conflict was seen in parents with higher income, more nurse support and physician risk communication. Time delay for surgery was correlated with the child's age, social service coverage, and social support. Decisional conflict mediated the influence of income, nurse support and physician risk communication on satisfaction with decision. Based on model fit parameters, the emerging model is a good and parsimonious model of decisional conflict. The overall theme, ‘Deciding for Surgery: What Matters Most’, described the processes parents went through in making treatment decisions.

Conclusion

Nurses may help parents feel more certain, less conflicted, and more satisfied with their decision by addressing factors including knowledge gaps, personal values, available support, and resource access.
Effective metaheuristics for the latency location routing problem
Authors: Osorio‐Mora Alan , Rey Carlos , Toth Paolo , Vigo Daniele
Published: March 2023

The latency location routing problem (LLRP), a combination of the facility location problem and the cumulative capacitated vehicle routing problem, is a recently proposed variant of location routing problems. It corresponds to a customer‐centric problem, in which the aim is to minimize the sum of the arrival times at the customers. This paper proposes three novel metaheuristic algorithms to solve the LLRP. They use a simulated annealing framework, which after each temperature reduction is intensified through a variable neighborhood descent procedure. Each algorithm uses a different search strategy as intensification. Results on 76 benchmark instances indicate that the proposed metaheurstics outperform the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, finding new best solutions for all the large‐sized instances (over 100 customers), or the currently known optimal ones for most of the small‐ and medium‐sized instances, in comparable computing times. Furthermore, in more than 80% of the instances the average value of the solutions found by the proposed algorithms is better than or equal to that of the current best known solution.
Nurse‐led adult palliative care models in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A scoping review
Authors: Bassah Nahyeni , Vaughn Lisa , Santos Salas Anna
Published: March 2023

Aims

To map evidence on the nature and extent of use of nurse‐led palliative care models in low‐ and middle‐income countries serving adults with life‐limiting conditions.

Design

A scoping review of the literature was undertaken.

Data Sources

A systematic search was performed from database inception to March 2022 in: Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Wiley Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Web of Science, SciELO and Global Health. Main search terms included: Nurse‐led AND Palliative care AND Low‐and middle‐income countries. Grey literature was searched from Proquest Dissertations and Theses Global, the World Health Organization and selected palliative care websites. We searched the reference list of included articles for additional studies.

Review Methods

We used the framework by Arksey and O'Malley and the PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Titles and abstracts were screened by one reviewer and full text by two reviewers. Thematic analysis was used to synthesize data and results are presented descriptively using themes and categories.

Results

Eighteen studies were included, with majority from Sub‐Saharan Africa (10/20). Three nurse‐led palliative care models emerged: nurse‐led empowering care, nurse‐led symptom control and nurse‐led multicomponent palliative care. They served particularly cancer and HIV patients and were delivered in person or by telehealth care. Reported outcomes were adherence to therapy, improved self‐care ability, improved quality of life and increased access to palliative.

Conclusions

The use of nurse‐led palliative care in low‐ and middle‐income countries is in its developing stages and seems feasible. Nursing roles in in low‐ and middle‐income countries need to be expanded by developing advanced practice nurses and nurse practitioner programmes, with palliative care content. More impact evaluation studies on the use of nurse‐led palliative care models in these countries are needed.

Impact

This review highlights nurse‐led care models that can enhance access and quality of life of patients with life‐limiting conditions in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Cold temperature stress and damaged skin induced high mortality in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) challenged with Vibrio harveyi
Authors: Samsing Francisca , Zhang William , Zadoks Ruth N. , Whittington Richard , Venturini Carola , Giles Carla , Carson Jeremy , Becker Joy A.
Published: March 2023

Most diseases in aquaculture are caused by opportunistic pathogens. One of them, Vibrio harveyi, is a widespread Gram‐negative bacterium that has become an important pathogen of aquatic species in marine environments. Here, we propose the use of the causal pie model as a framework to conceptualize the causation of vibriosis in juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and to establish an effective challenge model. In the model, a sufficient cause, or the causal pie, is a constellation of component causes that lead to an outcome (e.g. vibriosis). In the pilot study, a high cumulative mortality (63.3% ± 10.0%, mean ± SE) was observed when V. harveyi was administered by intraperitoneal injection using a high challenge dose [107 colony‐forming units (CFU) fish−1], but low or no mortality was observed in fish subject to cold stress or fish with intact skin when challenged by immersion. We, therefore, tested the use of a skin lesion (induced with a 4‐mm biopsy punch) combined with cold temperature stress to induce vibriosis following the causal pie model. After challenge, fish were immediately subject to cold stress (22°C) or placed at an optimal temperature of 30°C. All groups were challenged with 108 CFU mL−1 for 60 min. A considerably higher mortality level (72.7% ± 13.9%) was observed in fish challenged with both a skin lesion and cold stress compared with mortality in fish only having a skin lesion (14.6% ± 2.8%). V. harveyi was re‐isolated from all moribund fish and was detected by species‐specific real‐time PCR in gills, head kidney and liver, regardless of challenge treatment confirming vibriosis as the cause of disease. Parenchymal tissues had histopathological changes consistent with vibriosis. Whole‐genome sequence (WGS) is provided for the Vibrio harveyi isolate examined in this study. Overall, the causal pie model was a useful framework to conceptualize the design of the experimental challenge model, in which both cold stress and skin damage were identified as component causes of vibriosis with high mortality. This conceptual framework can be applied to other opportunistic pathogens in aquaculture or to the study of co‐infections in fish.
Predictors of activation among persons with spinal cord injury during hospitalization: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tang Xiangxiang , Huang Jin , Wang Wenyan , Su Xiaoping , Yu Zepeng
Published: March 2023

Aim

To test the contributions of self‐efficacy, resilience, social support, and negative moods (i.e., anxiety, depression) to patient activation among persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods

One hundred and twenty‐two participants with SCI were recruited from the spinal surgery department at a large general hospital. During the period before discharge after surgery, standardized self‐assessment questionnaires were used to collect data on patient activation, self‐efficacy, resilience, social support, anxiety, depression, demographics (age, gender, education, marital status), and disease‐related information (etiologies, level of injury, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale score). Hierarchical regression analysis, mediation analysis, and moderation analysis were performed in SPSS, Amos, and Jamovi to determine the influencing factors of patient activation.

Results

Self‐efficacy, resilience, social support, anxiety, and depression uniquely explained 38.2% (p < .001) of the variance in patient activation after controlling for demographic and disease‐related covariates. The full model explained 53.7% (p < .001) of the variance in patient activation. In the mediation analysis, self‐efficacy, resilience, and social support had partial mediating effects (p < .05). In the moderation analysis, marital status moderated the relationship between self‐efficacy and patient activation (p < .05).

Conclusions

Activation of persons with SCI is a positive psychosocial resource related to higher self‐efficacy, resilience, and social support. Marital status may affect activation in persons with SCI. The causal relationship between these psychosocial variables needs to be proved by further intervention studies.
Changes in left hippocampal volume in first‐time fathers: Associations with oxytocin, testosterone, and adaptation to parenthood
Authors: Saxbe Darby , Martínez‐Garcia Magdalena , Cardenas Sofia I. , Waizman Yael , Carmona Susanna
Published: March 2023

The parenting brain may undergo remodeling that supports the adjustment to new parenthood. Prior work on human mothers has found gray matter volume decreases from preconception to early postpartum in multiple structures, including the left hippocampus, which was the only structure to show gray matter volume recovery at 2 years postpartum. This is consistent with evidence from animal models that the hippocampus is unusually plastic across reproductive transitions. However, no studies have focused specifically on hippocampal volume changes in human fathers. Among 38 men who were scanned by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after having their first child, individual differences in left hippocampal volume changes were associated with men's prenatal oxytocin, postpartum testosterone, and postpartum adaptation to parenthood. Across the whole sample, hippocampal volumes did not change significantly from prenatal to postpartum. However, men who showed larger increases in left hippocampal volume from prenatal to postpartum reported stronger parent–child bonding and affectionate attachment and lower parenting stress. Fathers with higher levels of prenatal oxytocin showed larger left hippocampal volume increases across the transition to parenthood. In turn, greater increases in left hippocampal volume predicted lower postpartum testosterone after adjusting for prenatal testosterone. These findings did not extend to the right hippocampus. In conclusion, remodeling of the left hippocampus across the transition to new fatherhood may reflect adaptation to parenthood in human males.
Role of continuous phase and particle properties on the sensory perception of root vegetable purées evaluated by an expert panel and naïve consumers
Authors: Garrido‐Bañuelos Gonzalo , Lopez‐Sanchez Patricia , Mihnea Mihaela
Published: March 2023

Textural properties play an essential role in the development of food products. The complexity of textural attributes has been traditionally overcome with extensive panelist training and the use of generic descriptive analysis. A better understanding on the use of rapid methods with naïve consumers to evaluate texture attributes in complex food products is still needed. The present study aimed to investigate the (i) role of different continuous phases and particle properties (i.e., size and hardness) on the mouthfeel perception of root vegetable purées and (ii) the effect of panel expertise (sensory experts vs. naïve consumers) using Rate‐All‐That‐Apply (RATA). The study included six purées made of two different continuous phase (based on Jerusalem artichoke which is rich in inulin and, parsnip which is rich in starch) and three types of beetroot particles (raw, cooked, and comminuted beetroot). Results showed that both panels were able to discriminate and profile in a similar manner. However, sensory experts showed higher ability to discriminate between samples regarding the particle's attributes whereas consumer's sample discrimination was influenced by attributes such as “ease of swallow” and “creaminess.” For the expert panel, the presence of hard particles was a clear factor driving the differences between samples. Our results highlighted the contribution of both continuous and dispersed phases to design the texture profile of particulate semisolid plant‐based foods.
Algal oil gives control of long‐chain omega‐3 levels in full‐cycle production of Atlantic salmon, without detriment to zootechnical performance and sensory characteristics
Authors: Santigosa Ester , Olsen Rolf Erik , Madaro Angelico , Trichet Viviane Verlhac , Carr Ian
Published: March 2023

The levels of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) in salmon fillets have decreased because of the progressive replacement of fish oil (FO). This study contributes to enabling the sustainable growth of aquaculture by confirming the effects of partially or fully replacing FO with microalgal oil (AO) on growth, muscle fatty acid profiles, and muscle quality of farmed Atlantic salmon. Crucially, this is now done throughout the entire post‐smolt production cycle and up to a harvest weight of 3 kg. Three experiments were performed using fish ranging from 145 g to 3 kg and testing different diets, replacing FO up to 100%. Zootechnical performance was similar among treatments in all experiments. Changing the lipid source in the diet resulted in EPA and DHA digestibility of greater than 96%. Sensory characteristics of raw fish fillets were similar among treatments, supporting a similar sensorial experience with the replacement of FO with no impact on consumers. Overall, results confirm that the AO tested here enables the sustainable growth of Atlantic salmon aquaculture by helping to maintain a level of EPA and DHA in the fish fillets, without detriment to zootechnical performance and sensory characteristics, while simultaneously contributing to a reduced marine footprint for aquafeeds.
Social isolation, loneliness, and their correlates in older Japanese adults
Authors: Kino Shiho , Stickley Andrew , Arakawa Yuki , Saito Masashige , Saito Tami , Kondo Naoki
Published: March 2023

Background

Loneliness and social isolation are elevated in older adults and associated with a range of detrimental outcomes. Despite this, there has been little research on these phenomena or on similarities and differences in their occurrence or combination in older Japanese adults. The current study aims to (i) determine what factors are associated with social isolation and loneliness among older adults in Japan; and (ii) describe the characteristics of individuals who are socially isolated but not lonely, as well as those who feel lonely but are not socially isolated.

Methods

Data were analysed from 13 766 adults aged ≥65 years who participated in the 2019 wave of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Poisson regression analysis was used to examine associations.

Results

Among older Japanese adults, the attributes of higher age, male gender, lower socioeconomic status, being a welfare recipient, and having depressive symptoms were associated with social isolation, while lower socioeconomic status, unemployment, welfare receipt, and poor physical and mental health were associated with loneliness. In addition, better educated, and mentally and physically healthy people were less likely to feel lonely even when socially isolated, while people who were not working and who had mental or physical health problems were more likely to feel lonely even if they were not socially isolated.

Discussion

Our results indicate that in order to reduce unwanted social isolation and loneliness among older Japanese adults, in the first instance the focus should be on those individuals who are socioeconomically disadvantaged and unhealthy.