bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student Writers’ Affective Engagement with Grammar-Centred Written Corrective Feedback: The Impact of (Mis)Aligned Practices and Perceptions
Authors: Saeli Hooman , Cheng An
Published: October 2019

This project firstly explored Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) students’ perceptions about written corrective feedback (WCF)-related practices and preferences. Secondly, the student participants’ first language (L1; e.g., Farsi) learner identities were operationalized, especially focusing on the skill of writing, WCF, and grammar-centred WCF. Thirdly, the students’ affective engagement with WCF was scrutinized, particularly in light of L1 student identities. The participants in the study were 15 students in an Iranian EFL context. Analysis of interview data revealed that the skill of writing was held in low regard by the students. Also, several discrepancies emerged vis-à-vis WCF methods (e.g., direct vs. coded), error correctors (e.g., teacher feedback vs. peer feedback), the amount of correction (e.g., selective vs. comprehensive correction), and the relative importance of different components of writing (e.g., grammar vs. content vs. organization). In particular, the findings showed that the students’ L1 identities involved low regard for writing, but high regard for speaking skills, and that they attached high value to grammatical accuracy and teacher explicit feedback. Finally, the findings indicated that: (a) the students’ second language (L2) identities (e.g., WCF-related preferences) were profoundly affected by their L1 student identities, and (b) the discrepancies between the students’ L2 writing preferences (e.g., preferred amount of WCF) and the teachers’ reported practices could potentially hinder students’ affective engagement with WCF.
A Procedure for Implementing Exploratory Mixed Methods Research into Dry Port Management
Authors: Jeevan Jagan , Bandara Yapa Mahinda , Mohd Saleh Nurul Haqimin , Ngah Abdul Hafaz , Hanafiah Rudiah
Published: October 2019

Qualitative approach has become the main method of exploring significant dimensions in dry port research.Quantitative approach has also been employed to examine empirical evidence in this research area. The application of mixed methods has been proposed in the dry port research to provide a multidimensional insight into seaport research issues. This paper provides guidance on mixed method application in dry port research and demonstrates that the implementation of mixed methods research is capable of providing comprehensive results by integrating qualitative and quantitative results in a single research. The availability of different dimensions and alternative designs lends this approach wide applicability, facilitating the production of valid and reliable outcomes and ensuring high level of generalizability of dry port research.
Analysis of Overall and Pure Technical Efficiency of Tourism in Europe
Authors: Prorok Vesna , Šerić Neven , Peronja Ivan
Published: October 2019

The aim of this paper is to assess the overall and pure technical efficiency of tourism in European countries in 2017 using the output-oriented Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (1978, 1979), and Banker, Charnes and Cooper (1984) data envelopment analysis methodology. The countries were divided into two groups: European Union countries and non-European counties. We identified two input and two output variables for each group. Input variables were identified using the principal component analysis method, starting from fourteen pillars that measure the performance of countries in the field of travel and tourism, and are published in the regular reports of the World Economic Forum. Then, two output variables were defined (the total (direct and indirect) contribution of travel and tourism to gross domestic product, and the direct contribution of tourism to employment growth rate), to determine the relative efficiency of decision-making units within the formed homogeneous groups of countries, among which the group of Western Balkan countries was singled out. This analysis enabled us, based on relatively scarce potential, to propose guidelines for a tourism development strategy for the entire Western Balkans region.
External Costs on The Island of Vis: Comparison of two Traffic Modes
Authors: Vukić Luka , Runko Luttenberger Lidija , Balić Katarina , Slišković Merica
Published: October 2019

External cost of road traffic, identified as the highest among traffic modes, is an important indicator of the European Union's transport policy to shift traffic off the road to a more environmentally acceptable mode. Ferry traffic generates benefits to each port of call in localities having invested in port infrastructure, and there is an interest of the local community to have their own ferry line, especially on islands. Two alternative ferry lines have been created combining maritime and road traffic on the specific route from the town of Vis to the town of Komiža and compared from the external costs standpoint. The first alternative ferry line comprises one port of call in the town of Vis, combining it with a road modality to and from the town of Komiža. In the second  alternative, the road traffic has been excluded and two ferry ports of call have been introduced, one towards the town of Vis and the other by extending the ferry voyage to the town of Komiža. The results show the model of one port of call with the integration of more road traffic on the specific route as a better solution. Despite the use of ultra-low sulphur diesel fuel on ferries, the absence of congestion in road traffic on the island of Vis and generally slow implementation of modern emission standards in maritime traffic, road traffic seems to provide a better solution as an environmentally more acceptable mode on this route.
Selection of UUV Type ROV Equipment and Cooperation System with USV "Edredon" in Protection Tasks of Ports and Critical Objects
Authors: Kitowski Zygmunt
Published: October 2019

The article presents some of the problems associated with the use of an unmanned underwater vehicle type ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) to cooperate with the USV (Unmanned Surface Vehicle) "Edredon" carrying out tasks related to the perimetric protection of seaports infrastructure and critical objects. The system remote control of the underwater vehicle, requires the appropriate structure of the system ensuring the cooperation of both vehicles and the selection of the special apparatus mounted on the ROV. The tasks carried out by the both vehicles have a very high impact on the hardware solutions and cooperation of USV with an unmanned underwater vehicle.
Fracture Table vs. Lateral Positioning for Intramedullary Fixation of Femur Fractures (The FLiP Study): A protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Axelrod Daniel , Johal Herman , Madden Kim , Marcano Francesc , Prada Carlos
Published: October 2019

Background: Femoral Shaft fractures are devastating and life threatening injuries. Femoral shaft fractures are most commonly treated with intramedullary fixation. Malrotation of the injured limb after fixation is a common and significant complication following femoral shaft fractures. During the operation, patients can be positioned either supine or in a lateral position. Additionally, patients can be placed on a standard radiolucent operating room table, or placed on a fracture table with traction statically applied to the operative limb throughout the case. Previous case series and cohort studies have shown equivalence between study groups, but choice between positioning options remains controversial.

Methods: This represents a protocol for a randomized controlled pilot trial. We will be compared lateral positioning with use of manual traction to supine positioning with use of a fracture table. Primary outcomes will be in assessment for feasibility for a future full scale randomized trial, including evaluating patient recruitment, patient compliance with followup, contamination between treatment arms and others.

Results: The primary outcome will be feasibility for a future trial. Secondary outcomes will include malrotation as measured through postoperative computed tomography scans and gait analysis at 6 months.
CYTO Lab Hacks: A platform for the exchange of innovations in cytometry
Authors: Bispo Cláudia , Cotleur Bunny , Hall Christopher , Litwin Virginia , Nedbal Jakub , Ohlsson-Wilhelm Betsy
Published: October 2019

This article reports on a conference workshop conducted at CYTO 2019. This workshop centered on an online directory for non-commercial cytometry innovations called CYTO Lab Hacks. The CYTO Lab Hacks website is being developed to become a curated platform to collate and to promote cytometry related materials developed by the wider scientific community. The website will present brief summaries and links to repositories with experimental protocols, descriptions of hardware changes, document templates, software code, and other innovations. The workshop outcomes, summarized in this manuscript, cover the topics of the website functionality and user experience, organization of the volunteer task force, and understanding the needs of the cytometry community in respect to sharing innovations.
Fixation-pattern similarity analysis reveals adaptive changes in face-viewing strategies following aversive learning
Authors: Kampermann Lea , Wilming Niklas , Alink Arjen , Büchel Christian , Onat Selim
Published: October 2019

Animals can effortlessly adapt their behavior by generalizing from past aversive experiences, allowing to avoid harm in novel situations. We studied how visual information was sampled by eye-movements during this process called fear generalization, using faces organized along a circular two-dimensional perceptual continuum. During learning, one face was conditioned to predict a harmful event, whereas the most dissimilar face stayed neutral. This introduced an adversity gradient along one specific dimension, while the other, unspecific dimension was defined solely by perceptual similarity. Aversive learning changed scanning patterns selectively along the adversity-related dimension, but not the orthogonal dimension. This effect was mainly located within the eye region of faces. Our results provide evidence for adaptive changes in viewing strategies of faces following aversive learning. This is compatible with the view that these changes serve to sample information in a way that allows discriminating between safe and adverse for a better threat prediction.
Extraocular, rod-like photoreceptors in a flatworm express xenopsin photopigment
Authors: Rawlinson Kate A , Lapraz Francois , Ballister Edward R , Terasaki Mark , Rodgers Jessica , McDowell Richard J , Girstmair Johannes , Criswell Katharine E , Boldogkoi Miklos , Simpson Fraser , Goulding David , Cormie Claire , Hall Brian , Lucas Robert J , Telford Maximilian J
Published: October 2019

Animals detect light using opsin photopigments. Xenopsin, a recently classified subtype of opsin, challenges our views on opsin and photoreceptor evolution. Originally thought to belong to the Gαi-coupled ciliary opsins, xenopsins are now understood to have diverged from ciliary opsins in pre-bilaterian times, but little is known about the cells that deploy these proteins, or if they form a photopigment and drive phototransduction. We characterized xenopsin in a flatworm, Maritigrella crozieri, and found it expressed in ciliary cells of eyes in the larva, and in extraocular cells around the brain in the adult. These extraocular cells house hundreds of cilia in an intra-cellular vacuole (phaosome). Functional assays in human cells show Maritigrella xenopsin drives phototransduction primarily by coupling to Gαi. These findings highlight similarities between xenopsin and c-opsin and reveal a novel type of opsin-expressing cell that, like jawed vertebrate rods, encloses the ciliary membrane within their own plasma membrane.
Group-specific archaeological signatures of stone tool use in wild macaques
Authors: Luncz Lydia V , Gill Mike , Proffitt Tomos , Svensson Magdalena S , Kulik Lars , Malaivijitnond Suchinda
Published: October 2019

Stone tools in the prehistoric record are the most abundant source of evidence for understanding early hominin technological and cultural variation. The field of primate archaeology is well placed to improve our scientific knowledge by using the tool behaviours of living primates as models to test hypotheses related to the adoption of tools by early stone-age hominins. Previously we have shown that diversity in stone tool behaviour between neighbouring groups of long-tailed macaques (Macaca-fascicularis) could be explained by ecological and environmental circumstances (Luncz et al., 2017b). Here however, we report archaeological evidence, which shows that the selection and reuse of tools cannot entirely be explained by ecological diversity. These results suggest that tool-use may develop differently within species of old-world monkeys, and that the evidence of material culture can differ within the same timeframe at local geographic scales and in spite of shared environmental and ecological settings.
Neural tracking of speech mental imagery during rhythmic inner counting
Authors: Lu Lingxi , Wang Qian , Sheng Jingwei , Liu Zhaowei , Qin Lang , Li Liang , Gao Jia-Hong
Published: October 2019

The subjective inner experience of mental imagery is among the most ubiquitous human experiences in daily life. Elucidating the neural implementation underpinning the dynamic construction of mental imagery is critical to understanding high-order cognitive function in the human brain. Here, we applied a frequency-tagging method to isolate the top-down process of speech mental imagery from bottom-up sensory-driven activities and concurrently tracked the neural processing time scales corresponding to the two processes in human subjects. Notably, by estimating the source of the magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals, we identified isolated brain networks activated at the imagery-rate frequency. In contrast, more extensive brain regions in the auditory temporal cortex were activated at the stimulus-rate frequency. Furthermore, intracranial stereotactic electroencephalogram (sEEG) evidence confirmed the participation of the inferior frontal gyrus in generating speech mental imagery. Our results indicate that a disassociated neural network underlies the dynamic construction of speech mental imagery independent of auditory perception.
Transcriptome-wide identification and characterization of the Sox gene family and microsatellites for Corbicula fluminea
Authors: Zhu Chuankun , Zhang Lei , Ding Huaiyu , Pan Zhengjun
Published: October 2019

The Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, is a commonly consumed small freshwater bivalve in East Asia. However, available genetic information of this clam is still limited. In this study, the transcriptome of female C. fluminea was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. A total of 89,563 unigenes were assembled with an average length of 859 bp, and 36.7% of them were successfully annotated. Six members of Sox gene family namely SoxB1, SoxB2, SoxC, SoxD, SoxE and SoxF were identified. Based on these genes, the divergence time of C. fluminea was estimated to be around  476 million years ago. Furthermore, a total of 3,117 microsatellites were detected with a distribution density of 1:12,960 bp. Fifty of these microsatellites were randomly selected for validation, and 45 of them were successfully amplified with 31 polymorphic ones. The data obtained in this study will provide useful information for future genetic and genomic studies in C. fluminea.
An eight-mRNA signature predicts the prognosis of patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Rui , Yang Xin , Guo Wenna , Xu Xin-Jian , Zhu Liucun
Published: October 2019

Background

Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers, and its histopathological type is mainly bladder urothelial carcinoma, accounting for about 90%. The prognostic biomarkers of bladder cancer are classified into clinical features biomarkers and molecular biomarkers. Nevertheless, due to the existence of individual specificity, patients with similar pathological characteristics still have great differences in the risk of disease recurrence. Therefore, it is often inaccurate to predict the survival status of patients based on clinical characteristic biomarkers, and a prognostic molecular biomarker that can grade the risk of bladder cancer patients is needed.

Methods

A total of three bladder urothelial carcinoma datasets were used in this study from the Cancer Genome Atlas database and Gene Expression Omnibus database. In order to avoid overfitting, all samples were randomly divided into one training set and three validation sets, which were used to construct and test the prognostic biomarker model of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to screen candidate mRNAs and construct prognostic biomarkers model. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the model.

Results

A prognostic biomarker model of bladder urothelial carcinoma combining with eight mRNA was constructed. Kaplan–Meier analyses indicated that a significant difference in the survival time of patients between the high-risk and the low-risk group. The area under the ROC curve were 0.632 (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.541–0.723]), 0.693 (95% CI [0.601–0.784]) and 0.686 (95% CI [0.540–0.831]) when the model was used to predict the patient’s survival time in three validation datasets. The model showed high accuracy and applicability.
Evaluating remote sensing datasets and machine learning algorithms for mapping plantations and successional forests in Phnom Kulen National Park of Cambodia
Authors: Singh Minerva , Evans Damian , Chevance Jean-Baptiste , Tan Boun Suy , Wiggins Nicholas , Kong Leaksmy , Sakhoeun Sakada
Published: October 2019

This study develops a modelling framework by utilizing multi-sensor imagery for classifying different forest and land use types in the Phnom Kulen National Park (PKNP) in Cambodia. Three remote sensing datasets (Landsat optical data, ALOS L-band data and LiDAR derived Canopy Height Model (CHM)) were used in conjunction with three different machine learning (ML) regression techniques (Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests (RF) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)). These ML methods were implemented on (a) Landsat spectral data, (b) Landsat spectral band & ALOS backscatter data, and (c) Landsat spectral band, ALOS backscatter data, & LiDAR CHM data. The Landsat-ALOS combination produced more accurate classification results (95% overall accuracy with SVM) compared to Landsat-only bands for all ML models. Inclusion of LiDAR CHM (which is a proxy for vertical canopy heights) improved the overall accuracy to 98%. The research establishes that majority of PKNP is dominated by cashew plantations and the nearly intact forests are concentrated in the more inaccessible parts of the park. The findings demonstrate how different RS datasets can be used in conjunction with different ML models to map forests that had undergone varying levels of degradation and plantations.
Effects of Boiled Water Pre-Sowing Treatment on the Germination and Early Growth Performance of Faidherbia albida in Three Ecological Zones of Ghana
Authors: Akpalu Stephen Edem , Dawoe Evans Lawrence , Abunyewa Akwasi Adutwum
Published: October 2019

Aims: To identify an appropriate boiled water pre-sowing treatment regime for improved germination, survival and early growth performance of Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev., in three ecological zones of Ghana.

Study Design: The design was a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) in three replicates, where the three different ecological zones were considered as blocks.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Bolgatanga (Guinea Savannah Zone), Abofuor (Forest-Savannah Transitional Zone), and Kumasi-Mesewam (Moist Semi-deciduous Forest Zone) between April 2017 and April 2018.

Methodology: Matured seeds of F. albida were harvested, dried and cleaned. For each treatment replicate, one hundred F. albida seeds were immersed in boiled water (100ºC) for 0, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 300 seconds and then, soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours. Seeds were then sown in drills on well prepared seed beds, and then observed for germination. Watering was done to keep the soil moist until the onset of germination.

Results: There were significant interactive effects between ecological zones and pre-sowing treatments with respect to Final germination percentage (P<0.001), Germination rates (P<0.001) and Survival percentage (P=0.007). Root length (P=0.040), total plant length (P=0.040) and Number of leaves (P<0.001) also exhibited significant interactive effects due to ecological zones and pre-sowing treatments. Roots were significantly longer in the GSZ than in the more humid ecological zones whereas stems were significantly longer in the MSFZ than in the drier GSZ.

Conclusion: Different durations of F. albida seeds in boiled water had different effects on germination and growth in the different ecological zones.
Inclination towards Online Shopping - A Changing Trend among the Consumers
Authors: Devi Manorama , Das Leena , Baruah Moonty
Published: October 2019

Shopping was once perceived as an activity of going out, exploring various stores and shops across the town, shifting through a myriad of options and finally settling down to purchase a product with full satisfaction. Now that the technology is skillfully trying to make a person think smartly, without exerting much physical energy, we see that even shopping has been engulfed under grip of changing lifestyle. With online shopping spreading its wings gradually, the experience of ‘touch and feel’ concept is slowly fading among the consumers. Online shopping or electronic shopping is a part of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the internet. A survey was conducted in the Jorhat town of Assam to know the online shopping scenario among the consumers with the objective to identify the category of population inclined for online shopping and the factors influencing the consumers for online shopping. For the present research work, 120 samples were selected randomly from four wards of municipality area and a multistage stratified random sampling method was adopted in order to select representative sample. The findings of the study revealed that the young generations are very active in the activities of online shopping and most of them are females. The results of the study have given detailed information regarding the change in shopping behaviour of the consumers.
Measurement of local evaporative resistance of a typical clothing ensemble using a sweating thermal manikin
Authors: Nomoto Akihisa , Takahashi Yoshito , Yoda Shu , Ogata Masayuki , Tanabe Shin‐ichi , Ito Shun , Aono Yuki , Yamamoto Yoshihide , Mizutani Kunio
Published: October 2019

To accurately simulate human physiology and thermal comfort, certain human physiological and comfort models categorize the human body into multiple parts. Most of these body parts are normally clothed, which must be quantified in the simulation. However, existing databases of clothing evaporative resistance only characterize the evaporative resistance of the whole body and not those of individual body parts. This implies that each body part has the same level of clothing evaporative resistance. In this research, we measure the local clothing insulation and evaporative resistance. Here, we present the local thermal characteristic values as well as the values for the whole body.
Methanococcus
Authors: Rother Michael , Whitman William B.
Published: October 2019

Me.tha.no.coc'cus. N.L. neut. n.methanummethane; N.L. pref.methano‐, pertaining to methane; N.L. masc. n.coccus(from Gr. masc. n.kokkosgrain, seed), coccus; N.L. masc. n.Methanococcusmethane coccus.

Euryarchaeota / Methanococci / Methanococcales / Methanococcaceae / Methanococcus

Irregular cocci, 1.0–2.0 µm in diameter during balanced growth. Cells from older cultures or colonies are more irregular. Cells lose integrity during Gram staining and lyse completely within 10 s when suspended in either distilled water or 0.01% sodium dodecylsulfate. Motile, by means of polar tufts of flagella. Obligately anaerobic. Mesophilic (temperature optima: 35–40°C). pH optimum between 6 and 8. NaCl required for growth, optimal concentrations 0.5–4% (w/v). Obligately methanogenic; H2and formate serve as electron donors. Acetate, methanol, and methylamines are not substrates for methanogenesis. Alcohols, including isopropanol, are not substrates for methanogenesis. With one exception, all species grow autotrophically in mineral medium. Amino acids and acetate are stimulatory for some species. Ammonium is used as a nitrogen source, and some species can alternatively use N2or alanine. Storage materials include glycogen. Organisms are found in salt‐marsh, marine, and estuarine sediments.

DNA G+C content (mol%): 29–34.

Type species:Methanococcus vannieliiStadtman and Barker 1951, 269AL.
D
esulfurispira
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: October 2019

De.sul.fu.ri.spi'ra. L. pref.
de
from, off, away; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; L. fem. n.
spira
, spiral; L. fem. n.
Desulfurispira
, a spirillum that reduces sulfur.

Chrysiogenetes / Chrysiogenetes / Chrysiogenales / Chrysiogenaceae / Desulfurispira

The genus
Desulfurispira
is classified as a member of the family
Chrysiogenaceae
in the phylum
Chrysiogenetes
(Sorokin and Muyzer, 2010a, 2010b). Members of the
Desulfurispira
are obligate anaerobes which can use sulfur or arsenate as electron acceptors. They are moderately salt tolerant and obligately alkaliphilic mesophiles. The genus currently includes a single species,
Desulfurispira natronophila,
including the type strain AHT11
T
and a second strain AHT19 (Sorokin and Muyzer, 2010a).

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 49.2–51.8 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Desulfurispiria natronophila
Sorokin and Muyzer 2010b, 2509
VP
(Effectively published: Sorokin and Muyzer, 2010a, 354).
F
lintibacter
Authors: Louis Petra , Lo Galiana , Kramer Timo , Duncan Sylvia H.
Published: October 2019

Flin.ti.bac'ter. L. masc. n.
bacter
rod; N.L. masc. n.
Flintibacter
rod‐shaped bacterium named after Harry J. Flint, a microbiologist from Aberdeen, UK, who dedicated his career to the investigation of gut bacteria, especially butyrate producers and their role in health and disease.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Ruminococcaceae / Flintibacter

Cells are small irregular needle‐like rods that can form long filaments. Usually gives a Gram‐negative‐staining reaction. Endospores are not observed, and cells are nonmotile. Strictly anaerobic. Optimum growth between 30 and 40°C and in the presence of NaCl up to 1%. Oxidase‐ and catalase‐negative. Grows on Wilkins‐Chalgren medium and can utilize several carbon sources. Can metabolize the amino acids glutamine and glutamate, but fails to grow on leucine, asparagine, lysine, arginine, and aspartic acid. Grows in the presence of glucosamine and raffinose. The end products of fermentation are formate, acetate, and butyrate. The main cellular fatty acids are iso‐C
17:1
/anteiso‐C
17:1
(16.1%), iso‐C
19:1
(14.8%), C
18:1
ω9
c
(13.5%), C
12:0
(12.2%), C
14:0
(11.4%), and C
16:0
(11.2%). The nearest phylogenetic neighbors are
Intestinimonas butyriciproducens
,
Pseudoflavonifractor capillosus, Flavonifractor plautii, Lawsonibacter asaccharolyticus
, and
Clostridium viride
. The genus accommodates the species
Flintibacter butyricus
. Isolated from the cecal contents of a wild‐type mouse.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 58 (draft genome).

Type species
:
Flintibacter butyricus
Lagkouvardos, Pukall, Abt, Foesel, Meier‐Kolthoff, Kumar, et al. 2016c, 4301
VP
(Effective publication: Lagkouvardos, Pukall, Abt, Foesel, Meier‐Kolthoff, Kumar, et al., 2016b, 12).
Self‐Assembled Room Temperature Multiferroic BiFeO3‐LiFe5O8 Nanocomposites
Authors: Sharma Yogesh , Agarwal Radhe , Collins Liam , Zheng Qiang , Ievlev Anton V. , Hermann Raphael P. , Cooper Valentino R. , KC Santosh , Ivanov Ilia N. , Katiyar Ram S. , Kalinin Sergei V. , Lee Ho Nyung , Hong Seungbum , Ward Thomas Z.
Published: October 2019

Multiferroic materials have driven significant research interest due to their promising technological potential. Developing new room‐temperature multiferroics and understanding their fundamental properties are important to reveal unanticipated physical phenomena and potential applications. Here, a new room temperature multiferroic nanocomposite comprised of an ordered ferrimagnetic spinel α‐LiFe5O8 (LFO) and a ferroelectric perovskite BiFeO3 (BFO) is presented. It is observed that lithium (Li)‐doping in BFO favors the formation of LFO spinel as a secondary phase during the synthesis of LixBi1−xFeO3 ceramics. Multimodal functional and chemical imaging methods are used to map the relationship between doping‐induced phase separation and local ferroic properties in both the BFO‐LFO composite ceramics and self‐assembled nanocomposite thin films. The energetics of phase separation in Li doped BFO and the formation of BFO‐LFO composites are supported by first principles calculations. These findings shed light on Li's role in the formation of a functionally important room temperature multiferroic and open a new approach in the synthesis of light element doped nanocomposites for future energy, sensing, and memory applications.
Nanoscale Topotactic Phase Transformation in SrFeOx Epitaxial Thin Films for High‐Density Resistive Switching Memory
Authors: Tian Junjiang , Wu Haijun , Fan Zhen , Zhang Yang , Pennycook Stephen J. , Zheng Dongfeng , Tan Zhengwei , Guo Haizhong , Yu Pu , Lu Xubing , Zhou Guofu , Gao Xingsen , Liu Jun‐Ming
Published: October 2019

Resistive switching (RS) memory has stayed at the forefront of next‐generation nonvolatile memory technologies. Recently, a novel class of transition metal oxides (TMOs), which exhibit reversible topotactic phase transformation between insulating brownmillerite (BM) phase and conducting perovskite (PV) phase, has emerged as promising candidate materials for RS memories. Nevertheless, the microscopic mechanism of RS in these TMOs is still unclear. Furthermore, RS devices with simultaneously high density and superior memory performance are yet to be reported. Here, using SrFeOx as a model system, it is directly observed that PV SrFeO3 nanofilaments are formed and extend almost through the BM SrFeO2.5 matrix in the ON state and are ruptured in the OFF state, unambiguously revealing a filamentary RS mechanism. The nanofilaments are ≈10 nm in diameter, enabling to downscale Au/SrFeOx/SrRuO3 RS devices to the 100 nm range for the first time. These nanodevices exhibit good performance including ON/OFF ratio as high as ≈104, retention time over 105 s, and endurance up to 107 cycles. This study significantly advances the understanding of the RS mechanism in TMOs exhibiting topotactic phase transformation, and it also demonstrates the potential of these materials for use in high‐density RS memories.
Blue Phosphorescent Ir(III) Complexes Achieved with Over 30% External Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Zaen Rena , Park Ki‐Min , Lee Kyung Hyung , Lee Jun Yeob , Kang Youngjin
Published: October 2019

Two heteroleptic blue phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes are synthesized based on the main C^N chelate bipyridine ligands, with either a 4‐positon (1) or 5‐position (2) of bulky trimethylsilyl (TMS) substituent, and acetylacetonate (acac) as an ancillary ligand. Their structure–electroluminescent property relationships are systematically investigated. Both complexes have strong intermolecular interactions via C–H···F and π–π interactions that affect the performance of phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). Complex 1 possesses fewer intermolecular interactions than complex 2 based on the Hirshfeld analysis. The combination of TMS substituent and acac ligand decreases the energy gap relative to the nonsubstituted counterpart: Ir(dfpypy)(acac), where dfpypy is 2′‐6′‐difluoro‐2,3′‐bipyridine. Blue PHOLEDs which use both complexes as a dopant, and 9‐(3‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐yl)diphenylphosphine oxide as a host material, are fabricated successfully. Complex 1 has the highest performance among the reported blue PHOLEDs without co‐host, making it an outstanding blue triplet emitter in PHOLEDs with over 30% of external quantum efficiency. Furthermore, the efficiency roll‐off dramatically improved in the 1‐based device.
All‐Dielectric Kissing‐Dimer Metagratings for Asymmetric High Diffraction
Authors: Shi Tan , Wang Yujie , Deng Zi‐Lan , Ye Xuan , Dai Zhenxing , Cao Yaoyu , Guan Bai‐Ou , Xiao Shumin , Li Xiangping
Published: October 2019

Transcending the common perceptions of phase‐gradient metasurfaces, metagratings emerge as a new paradigm for wavefront manipulation directly on the desired diffraction order with ultrahigh deflection angles. However, previous metagratings rely on directional scattering caused by multiresonant interference between multiple separate inclusions, of which the high diffraction efficiencies are only optimized with limited bandwidth and incident angle tolerance. Here, a kind of asymmetric kissing‐dimer metagratings that can achieve broadband high diffraction efficiencies at nearly all incident angles are proposed and experimentally realized. The building block is formed by touching two titanium dioxide polygon pillars with different geometries, which empowers highly directional scattering patterns in nearly the entire visible range. Such kissing‐dimer metagratings possess maximum diffraction up to 90% and flat‐top bandwidth of about 250 nm. This study provides a transformative scheme for ultrahigh performance beam steering devices underpinning various intriguing applications in imaging, sensing, and communication.
Synthesis of Arylstannanes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Coupling of Aroyl Fluorides
Authors: Kayumov Muzaffar , Zhao Jian‐Nan , Mirzaakhmedov Sharafitdin , Wang Dong‐Yu , Zhang Ao
Published: October 2019

Aryl stannanes are valuable precursors in organic transformations, but their synthetic methods are limited. Here we present a Pd‐catalyzed decarbonylative stannylation of acid fluorides in the absence of exogenous base. Various aryl stannanes were efficiently prepared from bench‐stable transition metal catalyst and ligand with broad functional group compatibility and substrate scope including natural products and pharmaceuticals. This protocol was also successfully used to a late‐stage diversification of an existing uricosuric drug probenecid.

magnified image
Hierarchical Branched Mesoporous TiO2–SnO2 Nanocomposites with Well‐Defined n–n Heterojunctions for Highly Efficient Ethanol Sensing
Authors: Zhao Tao , Qiu Pengpeng , Fan Yuchi , Yang Jianping , Jiang Wan , Wang Lianjun , Deng Yonghui , Luo Wei
Published: October 2019

The direct assembly of functional nanoparticles into a highly crystalline mesoporous semiconductor with oriented configurations is challenging but of significance. Herein, an evaporation induced oriented co‐assembly strategy is reported to incorporate SnO2 nanocrystals (NCs) into a 3D branched mesoporous TiO2 framework by using poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐polystyrene (PEO‐b‐PS) as the template, SnO2 NCs as the direct tin source, and titanium butoxide (TBOT) as the titania precursor. Owing to the combined properties of ultrasmall particle size (3–5 nm), excellent dispersibility and presence of abundant hydroxyl groups, SnO2 NCs can easily interact with PEO block of the template through hydrogen bonding and co‐assemble with hydrolyzed TBOT to form a novel hierarchical branched mesoporous structure (SHMT). After calcination, the obtained composites exhibit a unique 3D flower‐like structure, which consists of numerous mesoporous rutile TiO2 branches with uniform cylindrical mesopores (≈9 nm). More importantly, the SnO2 NCs are homogeneously distributed in the mesoporous TiO2 matrix, forming numerous n–n heterojunctions. Due to the unique textual structures, the SHMT‐based gas sensors show excellent gas sensing performance with fast response/recovery dynamics, high sensitivity, and selectivity toward ethanol.
Flow‐based reactor design for the continuous production of polymeric nanoparticles
Authors: Bovone Giovanni , Guzzi Elia A. , Tibbitt Mark W.
Published: October 2019

Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are versatile and effective drug delivery systems (DDS) that can be produced via nanoprecipitation of block copolymers. Yet, translation into clinical products has been limited. Thus, methods for NP production that enable rapid formulation screening and continuous production are needed. Toward this end, we engineered a coaxial jet mixer (CJM) for controlled and continuous nanoprecipitation in flow. The CJM enabled continuous assembly of poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐polylactide NPs with various co‐solvents and was compared to batch nanoprecipitation. Other fabricated microfluidic devices were suitable for small scale formulation screening but more limited in scalable and continuous processes. In contrast, the CJM was tolerant to all water‐miscible solvents tested, enabled formulation screening, and scalable production of NPs and DDS. In total, the CJM provides a complementary approach to the process engineering of polymeric NP formation that can be used broadly for formulation screening and production.
Activation and deactivation of the commercial‐type CuO–Cr2O3–Fe2O3 high temperature shift catalyst
Authors: Zhu Minghui , Tian Pengfei , Chen Jiacheng , Ford Michael E. , Xu Jing , Wachs Israel E. , Han Yi‐Fan
Published: October 2019

This work elucidates the structural evolution of a commercial‐type iron oxide‐based high temperature water–gas shift (HT‐WGS) catalyst during activation and deactivation stages. The findings highlight the importance of Cu–FeO
x interfaces. Based on the new insights, future improvement of commercial iron‐based catalysts should focus on stabilization of the active Cu–FeO
x interface. Much effort has been devoted to understanding the structure, mechanism, and promotion of the commercial‐type CuO–Cr2O3–Fe2O3 catalyst for the high temperature water–gas shift (HT‐WGS) reaction. However, structural evolution of the catalyst during the activation and deactivation stages was rarely reported. Herein, catalyst characterization, temperature‐programmed studies, and kinetic analysis were conducted on iron oxide‐based HT‐WGS catalysts. Addition of Cu was found to accelerate both the bulk (Fe2O3 → Fe3O4) and surface (active FeO
x–Cu interface) transformations during the catalyst activation stage. During catalyst deactivation, Cu accelerated both sintering of the Fe3O4 bulk phase and unfavorable encapsulation of the metallic Cu particles with a substantial FeO
x overlayer. The loss of the initial active Cu–FeO
x interfacial sites reversed the promotional effect of Cu.
Phase I/II multisite trial of optimally dosed clofarabine and low‐dose TBI for hematopoietic cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Krakow Elizabeth F. , Gyurkocza Boglarka , Storer Barry E. , Chauncey Thomas R. , McCune Jeannine S. , Radich Jerald P. , Bouvier Michelle E. , Estey Elihu H. , Storb Rainer , Maloney David G , Sandmaier Brenda M.
Published: October 2019

Clofarabine is an immunosuppressive purine nucleoside analog that may have better anti‐leukemic activity than fludarabine. We performed a prospective phase I/II multisite trial of clofarabine with 2 Gy total body irradiation as non‐myeloablative conditioning for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in adults with acute myeloid leukemia who were unfit for more intense regimens. Our main objective was to improve the 6‐month relapse rate following non‐myeloablative conditioning, while maintaining historic rates of non‐relapse mortality (NRM) and engraftment. Forty‐four patients, 53 to 74 (median: 69) years, were treated with clofarabine at 150 to 250 mg/m2, of whom 36 were treated at the maximum protocol‐specified dose. One patient developed multifactorial acute kidney injury and another developed multiorgan failure, but no other grade 3 to 5 non‐hematologic toxicities were observed. All patients fully engrafted. The 6‐month relapse rate was 16% (95% CI, 5%‐27%) among all patients and 14% (95% CI, 3%‐26%) among high‐risk patients treated at the maximum dose, meeting the pre‐specified primary efficacy endpoint. Overall survival was 55% (95% CI, 40%‐70%) and leukemia‐free survival was 52% (95% CI, 37%‐67%) at 2 years. Compared to a historical high‐risk cohort treated with the combination of fludarabine at 90 mg/m2 and 2 Gy TBI, protocol patients treated with the clofarabine‐TBI regimen had lower rates of overall mortality (HR of 0.50, 95% CI, 0.28‐0.91), disease progression or death (HR 0.48, 95% CI, 0.27‐0.85), and morphologic relapse (HR 0.30, 95% CI, 0.13‐0.69), and comparable NRM (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.36‐2.00). The combination of clofarabine with TBI warrants further investigation in patients with high‐risk AML.
Alzheimer's disease development in adults with Down syndrome: Caregivers' perspectives
Authors: Ilacqua Alexandra , Benedict Jason , Shoben Abigail , Skotko Brian G. , Matthews Theodora , Benson Betsey , Allain Dawn C.
Published: October 2019

Research about Alzheimer's disease (AD) in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) has predominantly focused on the underlying genetics and neuropathology. Few studies have addressed how AD risk impacts caregivers of adults with DS. This study aimed to explore the perceived impact of AD development in adults with DS on caregivers by assessing caregiver knowledge, concerns, effect on personal life, and resource utilization via a 40‐question (maximum) online survey. Survey distribution by four DS organizations and two DS clinics resulted in 89 caregiver respondents. Only 28 caregivers correctly answered all three AD knowledge questions. Caregivers gave an average AD concern rating of 5.30 (moderately concerned) and an average impact of possible diagnosis rating of 6.28 (very strong impact), which had a significant negative correlation with the age of the adult with DS (p = .009). Only 33% of caregivers reported utilization of resources to gain more information about the AD and DS association, with low levels of perceived usefulness. Our data reveal caregivers' misconceptions about AD development in DS, underutilization of available resources, and substantial concerns and perceived impacts surrounding a possible AD diagnosis. This study lays the foundation for how the medical community can better serve caregivers of aging adults with DS.
Conversion of Knill–Laflamme–Milburn Entanglement to Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger Entanglement
Authors: Shen Cai‐Peng , Xiu Xiao‐Ming , Dong Li , Zhu Xiao‐Yu , Chen Li , Liang Erjun , Yan Lei‐Lei , Su Shi‐Lei
Published: October 2019

Schemes for converting photonic polarized‐entangled Knill–Laflamme–Milburn (KLM) states to Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states are proposed using weak cross‐Kerr nonlinearity and X‐quadrature homodyne measurement. Analyses show that the two‐qubit (Bell state) and three‐qubit conversion cases have very high fidelities and close‐to‐unity probabilities. The conversion processes are robust against photon loss. The schemes linking these two entangled states may be helpful to the study of quantum information processing based on them.
Photocaged Quinone Methide Crosslinkers for Light‐Controlled Chemical Crosslinking of Protein–Protein and Protein–DNA Complexes
Authors: Liu Jun , Cai Lingchao , Sun Wei , Cheng Rujin , Wang Nanxi , Jin Ling , Rozovsky Sharon , Seiple Ian B. , Wang Lei
Published: October 2019

Small‐molecule crosslinkers are invaluable for probing biomolecular interactions and for crosslinking mass spectrometry. Existing chemical crosslinkers target only a small selection of amino acids, while conventional photo‐crosslinkers target almost all residues non‐specifically, complicating data analysis. Herein, we report photocaged quinone methide (PQM)‐based crosslinkers that target nine nucleophilic residues through Michael addition, including Gln, Arg, and Asn, which are inaccessible to existing chemical crosslinkers. PQM crosslinkers were used in vitro, in Escherichia coli, and in mammalian cells to crosslink dimeric proteins and endogenous membrane receptors. The heterobifunctional crosslinker NHQM could crosslink proteins to DNA, for which few crosslinkers exist. The photoactivatable reactivity of these crosslinkers and their ability to target multiple amino acids will enhance the use of chemical crosslinking for studies of protein–protein and protein–DNA networks and for structural biology.
Direct Identification of Acetaldehyde Formation and Characterization of the Active Site in the [VPO4].+/C2H4 Couple by Gas‐Phase Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Ya‐Ke , Debnath Sreekanta , Schlangen Maria , Schöllkopf Wieland , Asmis Knut R. , Schwarz Helmut
Published: October 2019

The gas‐phase reaction of the heteronuclear oxide cluster [VPO4].+ with C2H4 is studied under multiple collision conditions at 150 K using cryogenic ion‐trap vibrational spectroscopy combined with electronic structure calculations. The exclusive formation of acetaldehyde is directly identified spectroscopically and discussed in the context of the underlying reaction mechanism. In line with computational predictions it is the terminal P=O and not the V=O unit that provides the oxygen atom in the barrier‐free thermal C2H4→CH3CHO conversion. Interestingly, in the course of the reaction, the emerging CH3CHO product undergoes a rather complex intramolecular migration, coordinating eventually to the vanadium center prior to its liberation. Moreover, the spectroscopic structural characterization of neutral C2H4O deserves special mentioning as in most, if not all, ion/molecule reactions, the neutral product is usually only indirectly identified.
Singlet Fission in Pyrene‐Fused Azaacene Dimers
Authors: Mora‐Fuentes Juan P. , Papadopoulos Ilias , Thiel Dominik , Álvarez‐Boto Roberto , Cortizo‐Lacalle Diego , Clark Timothy , Melle‐Franco Manuel , Guldi Dirk M. , Mateo‐Alonso Aurelio
Published: October 2019

Singlet fission has emerged as a promising strategy to avoid the loss of extra energy through thermalization in solar cells. A family of dimers consisting of nitrogen‐doped pyrene‐fused acenes that undergo singlet fission with triplet quantum yields as high as 125 % are presented. They provide new perspectives for nitrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and for the design of new materials for singlet fission.
An Engineered Superhydrophilic/Superaerophobic Electrocatalyst Composed of the Supported CoMoSx Chalcogel for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Shan Xinyao , Liu Jian , Mu Haoran , Xiao Yao , Mei Bingbao , Liu Wengang , Lin Gang , Jiang Zheng , Wen Liping , Jiang Lei
Published: October 2019

The development of high‐efficiency electrocatalysts for large‐scale water splitting is critical but also challenging. In this study, a hierarchical CoMoSx chalcogel was synthesized on a nickel foam (NF) through an in situ metathesis reaction and demonstrated excellent activity and stability in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media. The high catalytic activity could be ascribed to the abundant active sites/defects in the amorphous framework and promotion of activity through cobalt doping. Furthermore, the superhydrophilicity and superaerophobicity of micro‐/nanostructured CoMoSx/NF promoted mass transfer by facilitating access of electrolytes and ensuring fast release of gas bubbles. By employing CoMoSx/NF as bifunctional electrocatalysts, the overall water splitting device delivered a current density of 500 mA cm−2 at a low voltage of 1.89 V and maintained its activity without decay for 100 h.