bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on infant lung function, wheeze, and respiratory infections in Australian children
Authors: Vilcins Dwan , Blake Tamara L. , Sly Peter D. , Saffery Richard , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise , Burgner David , Tang Mimi L. K. , Reid Natasha ,   Barwon Infant Study Investigator Group
Published: October 2023

Background

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a known risk factor for a range of adverse outcomes, such as facial dysmorphism, adverse birth outcomes, and neurodevelopmental changes. Preclinical research shows that PAE also inhibits lung development, lowers surfactant protein expression, has detrimental effects on alveolar macrophages, and decreases both T and B cell numbers. However, clinical evidence of respiratory impacts from PAE is limited. This study explored whether lung function, wheeze, and incidence of respiratory infections differ in children with PAE compared with unexposed children.

Methods

Data from the Barwon Infant Study (n = 1074) were examined. PAE data were extracted from maternal questionnaires at trimesters 1 and 2 (combined), and trimester 3, and included as “total standard drinks” during each trimester and total pregnancy intake, a binary yes/no for PAE, and binge drinking (>5 standard drinks in one session). Respiratory outcomes were parent‐reported wheeze, lung function (measured by multiple breath washout), and parent report and medical record indicators of health service attendances for respiratory conditions. Linear and logistic regressions were performed to quantify relationships between PAE and respiratory outcomes, controlling for socioeconomic status, birthweight, sex, gestational age, and maternal smoking.

Results

Binge drinking was associated with increased health service attendance for respiratory condition(s) in the first 12 months of life (OR = 5.0, 95% CI (1.7, 20.7), p = 0.008). We did not find a relationship between binary PAE and binge drinking with lung function at 4 weeks of age or wheeze at 12 months. The number of standard drinks consumed in trimester two was associated with a lower lung clearance index (β = −0.011 turnovers, 95% CI (−0.0200, −0.0013), p = 0.03), and a small increase in functional residual capacity (β = 0.34 mL, 95% CI (0.02, 0.66), p = 0.04).

Conclusions

We found an association between binge drinking and health service utilization for respiratory conditions in infancy, but no evidence that low‐level PAE was associated with adverse respiratory outcomes.
Polistes dominula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) paper wasps detect native grasshoppers using olfactory cues
Authors: Moreyra Sabrina , Lozada Mariana , Fernández‐Arhex Valeria , Pietrantuono Ana Laura
Published: October 2023

Polistes dominula is an invasive social wasp that preys on the grasshopper Dichroplus elongatus, which constitutes a potential agricultural pest in Northwest Patagonia. This grasshopper feeds on a wide variety of plants, the ‘Dandelion’ (Taraxacum officinale) being one of the main food resources. In this study, by means of a Y‐tube olfactometer, we analysed the use of olfactory cues by P. dominula in the detection of grasshoppers. Specifically, we evaluated the attractiveness of live grasshoppers, their traces (i.e. leaves with herbivory traces + prey faeces or only faeces) and herbivory‐free leaves. The results showed that foragers equally chose olfactory cues emitted by grasshoppers and leaves with herbivory traces + faeces and herbivory‐free leaves, suggesting that the leaves of the host plant also have an important role in the searching behaviour. The current research is the first to demonstrate that the invasive paper wasp orients its search towards either the presence of grasshopper prey or the volatiles of plant leaves. These findings shed new light on predator‐prey interactions mediated by olfactory cues in P. dominula, which may play a biological role as a natural controller of D. elongatus, phytophagous pest in the invaded ecosystems.
Low redundancy among caddisflies sharing a mid‐mountain stream
Authors: Pacini Nic , Travagliante Emanuele , Methu Stephen Wanjiku , Gumiero Bruna , Brilli Mauro , Harper David Malcolm
Published: October 2023

In fast‐flowing streams, caddisfly larvae are responsible for processes that collectively determine the efficiency with which the detritivore community is able to decompose autochthonous and allochthonous detritus. This ecosystem function ensures high water quality and represents a precious service for resident rural communities. The analysis of δ13C and δ15N in eight caddisfly taxa from a mid‐mountain stream evidenced a remarkable complementarity in their feeding preferences. An aquatic moth mimicking the caddis mode of life was also included in the survey and its feeding niche appeared to be in between the one of caddis taxa. Moderate niche overlap was interpreted in terms of low functional redundancy, implying that in case of a reduction in diversity, no taxon could be a perfect substitute for another, with a loss of functional efficiency. Low redundancy could be caused by niche segregation due to avoidance of competition/interference between taxa. The broad range of δ13C and δ15N described in this study warns against attributing single δ13C and δ15N to Trichoptera as a group, or even to single families. These results contribute to the still poorly known distribution of East African caddisflies and to the characterisation of feeding preferences of Afrotropical trichopteran larvae.
Bibliometric analysis with reference publication year spectroscopy showed how key programmes drove developmental care in newborn infants
Authors: Smith Meghan , Marx Werner , Anand Kanwaljeet S. , Haunschild Robin , Bornmann Lutz , Sizun Jacques , Roue Jean‐Michel
Published: October 2023

Aim

We investigated the historical origins of developmental care for newborn infants using Reference Publication Year Spectroscopy (RPYS), an innovative method of bibliometric analysis.

Methods

A Web of Science search query that combined infant and intervention‐related synonyms was performed on 2 February 2022. RPYS analysis was performed on this dataset to identify the most referenced historical publications for developmental care in newborn infants. Median deviation analysis identified the peak publication years, including the most cited historical references. Landmark publications were defined as those belonging to the top 10% of the most frequently referenced publications for at least 20 years.

Results

The RPYS peaks showed an early phase (1936–1986), during which infant development was studied and analysed, leading to a conceptualisation of developmental care for newborn infants. The following years (1987–2020), showed an explosion of interest in developmental care and highlighted two main programmes. The Neonatal Individualized Developmental Care Assessment Program (NIDCAP) and the Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP) inspired numerous publications during those years, which strove to demonstrate evidence of their clinical benefits.

Conclusion

Developmental care has become increasingly important, thanks to the implementation of NIDCAP and IHDP.
Tracing origin and history of Virgin and Child in Majesty, the oldest wooden polychrome statuette in the Czech Republic
Authors: Hradilová Janka , Hradil David , Širillová Zuzana , Švarcová Silvie
Published: October 2023

A wooden polychrome statuette of Virgin and Child in Majesty, currently in the Museum Montanelli in Prague, is actually a torso. It was created in the 11th or 12th century at the latest, being the oldest wooden polychrome statuette in the Czech Republic. Current research combining advanced imaging and micro‐analytical methods substantially contributed to the determination of its regional origin and detection and dating of later interventions. Identified pigments, including azurite, vivianite and smalt, together with changes in gilding technology, were found to be essential in tracing the story of the statuette over time.
The intersection of traumatic childbirth and obstetric racism: A qualitative study
Authors: Dmowska Amelia , Fielding‐Singh Priya , Halpern Jodi , Prata Ndola
Published: October 2023

Background

Traumatic childbirth experiences are common in the United States – affecting a third to a fourth of mothers – with significant negative impacts on maternal health. Yet most research on traumatic childbirth focuses on white mothers’ experiences. Drawing on a racially and ethnically diverse sample of mothers who experienced traumatic childbirth, this exploratory qualitative study examined Black, Latina, and Asian mothers' traumatic birth experiences and the role of obstetric racism in shaping these experiences.

Methods

In‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were conducted in 2019–2020 with 30 mothers who identified as women of color (37% Black, 40% Latina, and 23% Asian) who gave birth in the US and self‐identified as having experienced a traumatic childbirth. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

Mothers reported obstetric racism as core to their traumatic birth experiences. This racism manifested through practitioners' use of gendered and racialized stereotypes, denying and delegitimizing mothers' needs. Mothers shared key consequences of the obstetric racism they experienced, including postpartum anxiety and depression, increased medical mistrust, and decreased desire for future children.

Conclusions

Mothers' reports suggest that obstetric racism played a role in their traumatic birth experiences. Particularly, practitioners' deployment of gendered and racialized stereotypes influenced mothers' treatment during birth. These findings point to opportunities to address obstetric racism during childbirth and improve patients' experiences through enhancing their agency and empowerment. The findings, in addition, highlight the need for increased practitioner training in anti‐racist practice and cultural humility.
Parity, mode of birth, and long‐term gynecological health: A follow‐up study of parous and nonparous women in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health cohort
Authors: Nohr Ellen A. , Taastrøm Katja A. , Kjeldsen Anne Cathrine M. , Wu Chunsen , Pedersen Frank Henning , Brown Wendy J. , Davis Deborah L.
Published: October 2023

Background

Although gynecological health issues are common and cause considerable distress, little is known about their causes. We examined how birth history is associated with urinary incontinence (UI), severe period pain, heavy periods, and endometriosis.

Methods

We studied 7700 women in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health with an average follow‐up of 10.9 years after their last birth. Surveys every third year provided information about birth history and gynecological health. Logistic regression was used to estimate how parity, mode of birth, and vaginal tears were associated with gynecological health issues. Presented results are adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

UI was reported by 16%, heavy periods by 31%, severe period pain by 28%, and endometriosis by 4%. Compared with women with two children, nonparous women had less UI (OR 0.35 [0.26–0.47]) but tended to have more endometriosis (OR 1.70 [0.97–2.96]). Also, women with only one child had less UI (OR 0.77 [0.61–0.98]), but more severe period pain (OR 1.24 [1.01–1.51]). Women with 4+ children had more heavy periods (OR 1.42 [1.07–1.88]). Compared with women with vaginal birth(s) only, women with only cesarean sections or vaginal birth after cesarean section had less UI (ORs 0.44 [0.34–0.58] and 0.55 [0.40–0.76]), but more endometriosis (ORs 1.91 [1.16–3.16] and 2.31 [1.25–4.28]) and heavy periods (ORs 1.21 [1.00–1.46] and 1.35 [1.06–1.72]). Vaginal tear(s) did not increase UI after accounting for parity and birth mode.

Conclusion

While women with vaginal childbirth(s) reported more urinary incontinence, they had less menstrual complaints and endometriosis.
Improved outcomes of large B‐cell lymphoma patients treated with CD19 CAR T in the UK over time
Authors: Boyle S. , Roddie C. , O'Reilly M. , Menne T. , Norman J. , Gibb A. , Lugthart S. , Chaganti S. , Gonzalez Arias C. , Jones C. , Latif A. , Uttenthal B. J. , Seymour F. , Osborne W. , Springell D. , Hardefeldt P. , Yallop D. , Thoulouli E. , Bloor A. , Besley C. , Mathew A. , Burns D. , Cwynarski K. , Sanderson R. , Kuhnl A.
Published: October 2023

The success of CD19 Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy in large B‐cell lymphoma (LBCL) has been partially offset by toxicity and logistical challenges, which off‐the‐shelf agents like CD20xCD3 bispecific antibodies might potentially overcome. However, when using CAR T outcomes as the ʽstandard‐of‐care comparator̕ for relapsed/refractory (r/r) LBCL, a potential learning curve with implementing a novel, complex therapy like CAR T needs to be considered. To address this, we analysed 726 UK patients intended to be treated with CD19 CAR T for r/r LBCL and compared outcomes between the first year of the national CAR T programme (Era 1; 2019) and the more recent treatment era (Era 2; 2020–2022). We identified significant improvements for Era 2 versus Era 1 in dropout rate (17% vs. 27%, p = 0.001), progression‐free survival (1‐year PFS 50% vs. 32%, p < 0.001) and overall survival (1‐year OS 60% vs. 40%, p < 0.001). We also observed increased use of bridging therapy, improvement in bridging outcomes, more tocilizumab/corticosteroid use, reduced high‐grade cytokine release syndrome (4% vs. 9%, p = 0.01) and intensive care unit admissions (20% vs. 32%, p = 0.001). Our results demonstrate significant improvement in CAR T outcomes over time, highlighting the importance of using up‐to‐date clinical data when comparing CAR T against new treatment options for r/r LBCL.
Astrocytic phagocytosis of myelin debris and reactive characteristics in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Ding Zhibin , Liu Kexin , Wang Qing , Song Lijuan , Chai Zhi , Yu Jiezhong , Ma Dong , Xiao Baoguo , Ma Cungen
Published: October 2023

Background Information

Persistent myelin debris can inhibit axonal regeneration, thereby hindering remyelination. Effective removal of myelin debris is essential to eliminate the interference of myelin debris in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) activation, recruitment to demyelinating sites and/or differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs). In addition to microglia, it has been reported that astrocytic phagocytosis of myelin debris is a feature of early demyelination.

Results

In the present study, astrocytes effectively phagocytized myelin debris in vitro and in vivo. On the 5th day after injecting myelin debris into the brain, astrocytes were enriched in the area injected with myelin debris compared with microglia, and their ability to engulf myelin debris was stronger than that of microglia. When exposed to myelin debris, astrocytes phagocytizing myelin debris triggered self‐apoptosis, accompanied by the activation of NF‐κB, down‐regulation of Nrf2, and the increase of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). However, the activation of astrocytic NF‐κB did not influence the inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α, and the anti‐inflammatory factor IL‐10. The proliferation of astrocytes and mobilization of OPCs in the subventricular zone were elevated on the 5th day after intracerebral injection of myelin debris.

Conclusions

The results suggested that myelin phagocytosis of astrocytes should help improve the microenvironment and promote myelin regeneration by increasing CNTF and bFGF within the central nervous system.

Significance

However, the molecular interaction of astrocytes acting as phagocytes remains to be further explored. Therefore, an improvement of astrocytes to phagocytize myelin debris may be a promising treatment measure to prevent demyelination and promote remyelination in MS and other diseases with prominent myelin injury.
Adding to the evidence of gene‐disease association of RAP1B and syndromic thrombocytopenia
Authors: Pardo Luba M. , Aanicai Ruxandra , Zonic Emir , Hakonen Anna H. , Zielske Susan , Bauer Peter , Bertoli‐Avella Aida M.
Published: October 2023

Syndromic constitutive thrombocytopenia encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders characterised by quantitative and qualitative defects of platelets while featuring other malformations. Recently, heterozygous, de novo variants in RAP1B were reported in three cases of syndromic thrombocytopenia. Here, we report two additional, unrelated individuals identified retrospectively in our data repository with heterozygous variants in RAP1B: NM_001010942.2(RAP1B):c.35G>A, p.(Gly12Glu) (de novo) and NM_001010942.2(RAP1B):c.178G>A, p.(Gly60Arg). Both individuals had thrombocytopenia, as well as congenital malformations, and neurological, behavioural, and dysmorphic features, in line with previous reports. Our data supports the causal role of monoallelic RAP1B variants that disrupt RAP1B GTPase activity in syndromic congenital thrombocytopenia.
Oligomer‐Aβ42 suppress glioma progression via potentiating phagocytosis of microglia
Authors: Lu Jie , Wang Zhenning , He Zhenqiang , Hu Yang , Duan Hao , Liu Zihao , Li Depei , Zhong Sheng , Ren Jiaoyan , Zhao Guojun , Mou Yonggao , Yao Maojin
Published: October 2023

Aims

Glioma is characterized by an immunosuppressed environment and a poor prognosis. The accumulation of Amyloid β (Aβ) leads to an active environment during the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is also present in glioma tissues; however, the biological and translational implications of Aβ in glioma are elusive.

Methods

Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis and Cox regression analysis on a cohort of 79 patients from our institution were performed to investigate the association between Aβ and the malignancy of glioma. Subsequently, the potential of oligomer‐Aβ42 (OAβ42) to inhibit glioma growth was investigated in vivo and in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining and phagocytosis assays were performed to evaluate the activation of microglia. Finally, RNA‐seq was utilized to identify the predominant signaling involved in this process and in vitro studies were performed to validate them.

Results

A positive correlation between Aβ and a favorable prognosis was observed in glioma. Furthermore, OAβ42 suppressed glioma growth by enhancing the phagocytic activity of microglia. Insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) secreted by OAβ42‐activated microglia was essential in the engulfment process.

Conclusion

Our study proved an anti‐glioma effect of Aβ, and microglia could serve as a cellular target for treating glioma with OAβ42.
Allogenic stem cells for Crohn's anal fistulas: Treating early improves the deep remission rate
Authors: Fathallah Nadia , Siproudhis Laurent , Akaffou Mélissa , Haouari Mohamed Amine , Landemaine Amandine , Pommaret Elise , Spindler Lucas , Brochard Charlène , Bouguen Guillaume , de Parades Vincent
Published: October 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the real‐life clinical and radiological efficacy of darvadstrocel injection into complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease. Secondary endpoints were to assess symptomatic efficacy, adverse effects and factors associated with complete combined clinical‐radiological response (deep remission).

Methods

After marketing the product in France, all first patients treated consecutively were included. A complete clinical response was defined by a complete closure of all external openings with no discharge on pressure. A complete radiological response (MRI), evaluated at least after six months of follow‐up, was defined by a completely fibrotic sequela without abscess. A deep remission was defined as the association of a complete clinical response with a complete radiological response.

Results

A total of 43 patients were included (M/F: 22/21, median age 37 [26–45] years). The fistulas were already drained with seton(s) and were on biologic treatment. After a median follow‐up of 383 (359–505) days, 28 (65%) patients showed a clinical response (22 complete and 6 partial) and 16 (37%) achieved a deep remission. The Perineal Disease Activity Index decreased significantly after treatment: 39 (91%) patients reported symptomatic improvement in terms of discharge, pain, and induration, and 28 (65%) no longer had any perineal symptoms. No severe adverse events were reported. A short history of Crohn's disease <3 years was significantly associated with deep remission (OD 4.5 [1.0–19.1], p = 0.04).

Conclusion

Darvadstrocel injection resulted in a clinical response for two thirds of patients and deep remission for one third. A shorter duration of Crohn's disease was associated with deep remission.
Euthanasia in Colombia: Experience in a palliative care program and bioethical reflections
Authors: Erazo‐Munoz Marcela , Borda‐Restrepo Diana , Benavides‐Cruz Johana
Published: October 2023

The increased prevalence of advanced‐stage chronic diseases has augmented the need for palliative care teams. In Colombia, although the legislation promotes palliative care development, people still die without receiving management from a palliative care team. In addition, judiciary regulations regarding euthanasia have generated public confusion and ethical conflicts among members of the palliative care teams. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a bioethical reflection on the relationship between palliative care and euthanasia supported by data on euthanasia requests in a palliative care program. This reflection is based on retrospective and descriptive observational data, collected in two highly complex hospitals in Bogotá, Colombia. A total of 50 euthanasia requests were identified, of which 62% met the defined criteria, 16% did not, and 22% were not considered by the interdisciplinary committee for the right to die with dignity due to early death. All patients were treated and followed up by a palliative care team until their death. This study considered that palliative care could be a complement management for patients requesting euthanasia based on their experience by supporting the decision‐making, alleviating suffering, and providing emotional support in the last days of life.
Why are antlion larvae rare under the leaf litter? Testing the hypothesis of improper trap maintenance
Authors: Farji‐Brener Alejandro G. , Carrillo‐Fajardo Merly Yenedith , Rodríguez‐Malacara Jorge Tanit , Arroyo‐Rodríguez Víctor
Published: October 2023

Understanding why animals avoid some locations is needed to improve the theory of habitat selection. This is key in semi‐sedentary organisms, such as antlion larvae, because once established they rarely move, and their performance largely depends on local environmental conditions.

Antlion larvae are sit‐and‐wait predators that build conical pitfall traps in sandy soils to capture passing prey. They clean constantly their traps, expelling soil, prey carcasses and debris out of the pit to maintain their trapping success. Therefore, we propose that they avoid soils with leaf litter because leaves hinder the maintenance of their pits; a hypothesis that has not yet been tested.

We first demonstrated that antlion larvae (Myrmeleon inmaculatus) are rare from soils with leaf litter in a tropical semi‐deciduous forest in Mexico. We then experimentally tested the effect of leaf litter on pit maintenance by adding debris in 90 antlion traps, 45 of which were covered with a leaf, and 45 remained uncovered. Two hours after adding the debris, we recorded its location and quantified the variation in depth and diameter of the pits.

Larvae in uncovered traps were twice as effective at cleaning up the debris than larvae in covered traps. Furthermore, in just 2 h, covered traps were on average 21% shallower than control traps, probably because unsuccessful attempts to clean debris caused sand slides to fill the pit partially.

Leaf litter seems to hinder the proper maintenance of antlion traps, explaining at least partially, why these animals are rare under leaf litter.
Machine learning and internet of things applications in enterprise architectures: Solutions, challenges, and open issues
Authors: Rehman Zubaida , Tariq Noshina , Moqurrab Syed Atif , Yoo Joon , Srivastava Gautam
Published: October 2023

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to its widespread adoption in various industries, enabling enhanced productivity and efficient services. Integrating IoT systems with existing enterprise application systems has become common practice. However, this integration necessitates reevaluating and reworking current Enterprise Architecture (EA) models and Expert Systems (ES) to accommodate IoT and cloud technologies. Enterprises must adopt a multifaceted view and automate various aspects, including operations, data management, and technology infrastructure. Machine Learning (ML) is a powerful IoT and smart automation tool within EA. Despite its potential, a need for dedicated work focuses on ML applications for IoT services and systems. With IoT being a significant field, analyzing IoT‐generated data and IoT‐based networks is crucial. Many studies have explored how ML can solve specific IoT‐related challenges. These mutually reinforcing technologies allow IoT applications to leverage sensor data for ML model improvement, leading to enhanced IoT operations and practices. Furthermore, ML techniques empower IoT systems with knowledge and enable suspicious activity detection in smart systems and objects. This survey paper conducts a comprehensive study on the role of ML in IoT applications, particularly in the domains of automation and security. It provides an in‐depth analysis of the state‐of‐the‐art ML approaches within the context of IoT, highlighting their contributions, challenges, and potential applications.
Examining the two‐dimensional perceived marketplace influence and the role of financial incentives by SEM and ANN
Authors: Higueras‐Castillo Elena , Ramdhony Dineshwar , Kalinic Zoran , Liébana‐Cabanillas Francisco
Published: October 2023

In recent years, research on sustainable consumption has been particularly relevant, highlighting the importance of the collective over the individual to reduce pollution. This study focuses on the study of the perceived marketplace influence (PMI) concept in its organizational and consumer dimensions, together with the financial incentives that exist in the adoption of electric cars and their effect on green customer engagement. A sample of 382 potential buyers of electric vehicles was obtained. A new hybrid analytical approach was taken structural equation modelling and artificial neural network. The research found the most significant variables affecting purchase intention were financial incentives, followed by PMI Organization and finally PMI Consumer. The results of artificial neural network analysis confirmed all the findings of the structural equation modelling, although the importance of each PMI dimension is different for each technique used. The conclusions point to new business opportunities that can be exploited by companies selling this green technology.
Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent as a marker to assess iron deficiency: A large pediatric tertiary care hospital study
Authors: Poventud‐Fuentes Izmarie , Chong Thomas H. , Dowlin Michael , Devaraj Sridevi , Curry Choladda V.
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Detection of iron deficiency (ID) remains challenging. We aimed to evaluate the performance of reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret‐He) as a potential diagnostic marker to assess ID and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in a large pediatric cohort.

Methods

A total of 3158 patients (aged 15 days to 19 years with a median age of 8.5 years; 60.2% female) were retrospectively studied. Statistical analysis was performed (a) to evaluate relationship of Ret‐He with other relevant complete blood count and iron panel parameters; (b) to compare the levels of Ret‐He in ID and IDA groups to a control group; and (c) to assess sensitivity and specificity of Ret‐He in ID, IDA, and anemia without ID groups.

Results

Ret‐He values were significantly positively correlated to ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT). The median Ret‐He was significantly lower in ID. A Ret‐He cutoff of ≤30.0 pg distinguished cases of ID from the control group with a sensitivity of 90.2%, specificity of 59.5%, and area under curve (AUC) of 0.88. Ret‐He showed better diagnostic performance in the IDA group and acceptable performance for ID without anemia. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 90.1%, 80.9%, and 0.93 for IDA at cutoff value of ≤27.4 pg, and 80.8%, 51.1%, and 0.70 for ID without anemia at cutoff value of ≤30.8 pg, respectively.

Conclusion

Our large pediatric tertiary care hospital study demonstrates that Ret‐He is a reliable marker to help confirm IDA in pediatric population. However, further studies are needed for its use to capture the early stages of ID.
Mg/Ti co‐substituted CaSmAlO4‐based microwave dielectric ceramics with temperature stability in a wide temperature range
Authors: Xu Jialing , Jing Xiangjie , Feng Hengheng , Yu Hongtao
Published: October 2023

To obtain microwave dielectric ceramics with excellent dielectric properties and temperature stability over a wide temperature range, we co‐substituted CaSmAlO4 ceramics with Mg/Ti and prepared CaSmAl1−x(Mg0.5Ti0.5)xO4 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) ceramics using traditional solid‐state methods. It was found that some Al3+ was replaced by composite ions (Mg0.5Ti0.5)3+, which optimized the dielectric properties of the ceramics. As the substitution amount increases, the dielectric constant of the sample increases synchronously, whereas the quality factor gradually decreases. The temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency first increases and then falls. Finally, the CaSmAl1−x(Mg0.5Ti0.5)xO4 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) ceramics obtained excellent dielectric properties after sintering at 1450°C for 4 h at a substitution x of 0.2: εr = 19.9, Q × f = 64 920 GHz, τf = 3.17 ppm/°C (−40 to 25°C), and 0.17 ppm/°C (25–125°C).
Syrian refugees' experiences while receiving mental health services and psychiatric nursing care: A qualitative study
Authors: Öztürk Gizem , Timarcioğlu Kübra , Dikeç Gül , Karali Ece , Nacaroğlu Hamza , Çakir Hanife , Harmanci Seren Arzu Kader
Published: October 2023

Aim

This study examined the experiences of Syrian refugees in a community centre in Turkiye as they access mental health services and receive psychiatric nursing care.

Design

A qualitative design was adopted in the study.

Methods

Data were collected from southern Turkiye between November and December 2021. The researchers conducted three semi‐structured focus group interviews. Colaizzi's phenomenological method was followed to analyse the qualitative data. A total of 19 Syrian refugees participated in the focus group interviews.

Results

Three key themes related to immigrants' experiences of receiving mental health services and nursing care were identified: barriers to receiving mental health services, coping with negative experiences in Turkiye and satisfaction with mental health services. The participants identified the barriers they experienced while receiving health services as those pertaining to language, discrimination and stigmatization. They also mentioned the methods of coping with these negative experiences in Turkiye. Despite their negative experiences, they expressed satisfaction with the mental health services they received, especially psychiatric nursing care.

Conclusions

This study determined that Syrian refugees face barriers in accessing and receiving mental health services. They stated that mental health professionals in Turkiye approach them with empathy, particularly those in psychiatric nursing. Healthcare professionals may be trained in culturally sensitive care to increase awareness.

Impact

Studies have frequently examined the experiences of nurses providing care to refugees, but few have focused on evaluating nursing care from the perspective of refugees. Syrian refugees have reported various obstacles in accessing and receiving mental healthcare services. Health professionals, especially psychiatric nurses in mental health psychosocial support centres, must facilitate the processes to eliminate these obstacles.

Reporting Method

The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) were used.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public involvement.
Gendered and racial experiences of moral distress: A scoping review
Authors: Mũrage Alice , Morgan Rosemary , Samji Hasina , Smith Julia
Published: October 2023

Aim

To inform efforts to integrate gender and race into moral distress research, the review investigates if and how gender and racial analyses have been incorporated in such research.

Design

Scoping review.

Methods

The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta‐Analysis) Extension for Scoping Reviews was adopted.

Data Sources

Systematic literature search was conducted through PubMed, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. Boolean operators were used to identify moral distress literature which included gender and/or race data and published between 2012 and 2022.

Results

After screening and full‐text review, 73 articles reporting on original moral distress research were included. Analysis was conducted on how gender and race were incorporated in research and interpretation of moral distress experiences among healthcare professionals.

Impact

This study found that while there is an upward trend in including gender and race‐disaggregated data in moral distress research, over half of such research did not conduct in‐depth analysis of such data. Others only highlighted differential experiences such as moral distress levels of women vis‐à‐vis men. Only about 20% of publications interrogated how experiences of moral distress differed and/or explored factors behind their findings.

Conclusion

There is a need to not only collect disaggregated data in moral distress research but also engage this data through gender and race‐based analysis. Particularly, we highlight the need for intersectional analysis, which can elucidate how social identities and categories (such as gender and race) and structural inequalities (such as those sustained by sexism and racism) interact to influence moral experiences.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Moral distress as experienced by healthcare professionals is increasingly recognized as an important area of research with significant policy implications in the healthcare sector. This study offers insights for nuanced and targeted policy approaches.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Periodontal phenotype modification in orthodontic patients
Authors: Kadkhodazadeh Mahdi , Amid Reza , Moscowchi Anahita , Mansouri Hamid
Published: October 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of phenotype modification in orthodontic patients using combined bone and soft tissue grafting substitutes.

Clinical Consideration

The surgical procedure was conducted on 18 patients (3 males, 15 females). Periodontal phenotype modification was conducted using demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft and a xenogeneic collagen matrix. The following parameters were recorded for each tooth at baseline and 12‐month follow‐up: O'Leary plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival thickness (GT), keratinized tissue width (KTW), gingival recession (GR), and vestibular depth (VD). The results showed a statistically significant increase in GT (2.02 ± 0.39 mm), KTW (1.11 ± 0.82 mm), and VD (0.18 ± 1.16 mm) (p < 0.05). GR was also significantly decreased (1.02 ± 0.99 mm) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Within the limitation of this study, the proposed approach enhanced the periodontal condition in orthodontic patients. However, further studies with a larger sample size are needed to ensure long‐term stability.

Clinical Significance

Hard and soft tissue conditions have paramount importance for long‐term periodontal stability. Phenotype modification in orthodontic patients can diminish the probability of adverse consequences and result in optimal esthetic outcomes. The proposed technique using combined bone and soft tissue substitutes indicated promising results and could be recommended in orthodontic patients with thin periodontal phenotypes.
Nonlinear Transmission of Financial Shocks: Some New Evidence
Authors: FORNI MARIO , GAMBETTI LUCA , MAFFEI‐FACCIOLI NICOLÒ , SALA LUCA
Published: October 2023

Financial shocks generate a protracted and quantitatively important effect on real economic activity and financial markets only if the shocks are both negative and large. Otherwise, their role is quite modest. Financial shocks have become more important for economic fluctuations after 2000 and have contributed substantially to deepening the recessions of 2001 and 2008. The evidence is obtained using a new econometric procedure based on a Vector Moving Average representation that includes a nonlinear function of the financial shock. This method is a contribution of the present work.
Prospective analysis of patient‐reported outcomes and physician‐reported outcomes with gynecologic cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Takenaga Tomo , Kuji Shiho , Tanabe Ken‐ichiro , Kanamori Ryo , Imai Haruka , Takeuchi Jun , Kondo Haruhiro , Ohara Tatsuru , Iwatani Tsuguo , Suzuki Nao
Published: October 2023

Objective

Gynecologic cancer chemotherapy impacts the quality of life (QOL) of patients, with lasting adverse events that may require treatment adjustments or discontinuation. Consequently, real‐time symptom monitoring before outpatient visits has resulted in improved QOL for patients and extended survival times. This study investigated whether there are differences between electronic patient‐reported outcomes (e‐PRO‐CTCAE) and physician‐assessed outcomes (NCI‐CTCAE) evaluated in an outpatient setting in gynecologic cancer chemotherapy.

Methods

The study was conducted on 50 patients who received their first chemotherapy treatment at St. Marianna University Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology from July 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. PRO‐CTCAE and NCI‐CTCAE were evaluated at each instance of chemotherapy and 2 weeks after. The PRO‐CTCAE was additionally collected weekly using e‐PRO.

Results

The values for “Joint Pain,” “Nausea,” “Taste Disturbance,” “Constipation,” “Insomnia,” “Fatigue,” “Limb Edema,” and “Concentration Impairment” were consistently higher in PRO‐CTCAE than in NCI‐CTCAE, indicating that physicians underestimated the severity of adverse events. In contrast, there was no significant difference in “Peripheral Neuropathy,” demonstrating that physicians had a good understanding of this condition in patients. The weekly responses obtained from e‐PRO revealed that symptom exacerbations peaked outside of clinic visits.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated physicians tend to underestimate most adverse events. Moreover, the responses using e‐PRO revealed peak symptom deterioration occurred outside of outpatient visits. This suggested that e‐PRO and actions taken in response to them can improve patients' QOL.
Tax‐Motivated Relocations of Headquarters: The Role of Affinity Bias among Socially‐Responsible Blockholders and CEOs
Authors: Slangen Arjen H. L. , Valboni Riccardo , Eerola Aleksi , Lindner Thomas
Published: October 2023

While socially‐responsible large shareholders have been shown to have a substantial impact on corporate leaders’ decisions on social responsibility, prior research remains silent on whether that impact is subject to bias among these two sets of actors. To shed light on this issue, we study the role of socially‐responsible blockholders as well as CEOs in the occurrence of tax‐motivated international relocations of corporate headquarters (HQs) – a key form of shareholder‐oriented behaviour. Drawing on stewardship theory and corporate governance research, we first hypothesize that responsible blockholders’ total equity stake in a firm is negatively related to a firm's propensity to undertake a tax‐motivated HQ relocation. Using complementary insights from social identity theory, we then propose that both socially‐responsible blockholders and CEOs tend to identify more strongly with compatriots than with foreigners. This leads us to hypothesize that (a) the stake of responsible domestic blockholders is more negatively related to a firm's relocation propensity than the stake of responsible foreign blockholders, and that (b) the stake of responsible blockholders that are compatriots of their firm's CEO is more negatively related to that propensity than the stake of responsible blockholders with a different nationality than the CEO's. Logit analyses of a sample of US firms covering the period 1998–2017 lend substantial support to our hypotheses, indicating that affinity bias among socially‐responsible blockholders and CEOs shapes the occurrence of a key form of shareholder‐oriented behaviour.
Minimalism's continued creep: Subject matter
Authors: Gert Joshua
Published: October 2023

The problem of creeping minimalism is the problem of drawing a principled distinction between expressivists and non‐expressivists.Explanationismis a popular strategy for solving the problem, but two of its forms—ontological explanationism and representational explanationism—have fatal problems. Christine Tiefensee and Matthew Simpson have recently, and independently, endorsed a third form: subject matter explanationism. But this form also fails. At bottom, the problem is that it does not note the existence of non‐reductive expressivist views, just as earlier forms of explanationism did not note the existence of error theories, or non‐naturalist realists, or realists who wanted to endorse deflationary views of truth and representation. The failure of this latest version of explanationism—one that does indeed avoid problems with earlier versions—strengthens the case that we may not actually want a solution to the problem of creeping minimalism after all. Rather, a form of global expressivism—neopragmatism—might be regarded as yielding a version of non‐naturalist normative realism.
Coordination of hydraulic and leaf‐level gas exchange traits during water‐deficit acclimation in apple rootstocks
Authors: Han Xiaoyu , Wang Jinfeng , Zhang Linsen
Published: October 2023

Water deficit episodes impact apple (Malus domestica) productivity through challenging the trees' water status, the influence of extreme high temperature climate has become increasingly prominent in recent years. Rootstocks can bestow specific properties on the fruit trees such as the resistance to drought stress. However, the related hydraulic mechanisms in response to water deficit have not been fully understood. Herein, five rootstocks (SH6, GM256, M9, M26, and MM106) were examined under water limitation. The hydraulic conductance of root (Kroot), shoots (Kshoot), and stems (Kstem‐shoot) in the five rootstocks reduced slightly during drought stress. Whereas the leaf water potential and photosynthesis of five rootstocks decreased dramatically when they were exposed to drought stress. Additionally, the Kshoot and Kstem‐shoot were strongly correlated with the total plant leaf area. Aquaporins (AQPs) involved in the symplastic water transport pathway, the PIP2:1, TIP1:1, and TIP2:2 mRNA levels of all genotypic rootstocks showed significant regulation under drought stress. We examined the relationships among photosynthesis, apoplastic, and symplastic water movement pathways to achieve a comprehensive understanding of rootstocks' hydraulic strategy for improving drought adaptation. The PIP2:1 and TIP2:1 in leaves were more sensitive to root hydraulic conductance in response to drought stress. Furthermore, the coordinated relationship existed in leaf‐specific conductance of shoot (Kl‐shoot) and transpiration rate (Tr) under drought stress in the rootstocks. Overall, the drought resistance in the five dwarfing rootstocks is associated with the rapid re‐establishment of water‐related traits, and the effect of the canopy on the drought resistance in apple rootstocks merits much more attention.
Regeneration of cytosolic thiol peroxidases
Authors: Vogelsang Lara , Dietz Karl‐Josef
Published: October 2023

Three soluble type two peroxiredoxins (PRXIIB, C, D) and two glutathione peroxidase‐like enzymes (GPXL2, 8) reside in the cytosol of Arabidopsis thaliana cells and function both as thiol‐dependent antioxidants and redox sensors. Their primary substrate is H2O2, but they also accept other peroxides with a distinct preference between PRXII and GPXL. Less known is their regeneration specificity in the light of the large set of thiol reductases, namely eight annotated thioredoxin h isoforms (TRXh1‐5, 7–9), a few TRX‐like proteins, including CxxS1 (formerly TRXh6) and several glutaredoxins (GRX) associated with the cytosol. This study addressed this open question by in vitro enzyme tests using recombinant protein. GPXL2 and 8 exclusively accepted electrons from the TRX system, namely TRXh1‐5 and TDX, while PRXIIB/C/D were efficiently regenerated with GRXC1 and C2 but not the TRX‐like protein Picot1. They showed significant but low activity (<3% of GRXC2) with TRXh1‐5 and TDX. A similar reduction efficiency with TRX was seen in the insulin assay, only TDX was less active. Finally, the reduction of oxidized cytosolic malate dehydrogenase 1, as measured by regained activity, showed an extremely broad ability to accept electrons from different TRXs and GRXs. The results demonstrate redundancy and specificity in the redox regulatory network of the cytosol.
Advocacy strategies in state preemption: The case of energy fuel bans
Authors: Struthers Cory L. , Ritzler Cary
Published: October 2023

Interest group literature suggests reformer advocacy groups, seeking policy change and innovation, are more likely to secure policy victory in local government. Entrenched advocacy groups, favoring current policies, are better suited to win policy battles at the state level. Consequently, entrenched groups have pushed state legislatures to limit local governments' decision authorities through preemption across a wide range of public‐interest issues including tobacco use, gun control, marriage rights, and climate change. Yet few studies have considered how competing advocacy groups strategically frame their agenda in preemption debates. We draw on the “scope of conflict” literature to show that opposing camps vary in their issue definition, relational strategies, and institutional frames. For example, while entrenched advocates focus on the main issue under debate, reformer advocates link multiple issues together. Our study case is preemption legislation that prohibits local governments from banning energy fuels like natural gas in new buildings. We use computational text analysis and descriptive inference to analyze state committee testimony of 117 advocacy groups. Results raise important questions about the effectiveness of conflict expansion strategies in venues like committee systems and provide considerations for reformer advocates in their efforts to secure state support and build clean energy campaigns.
Looking up music in two ‘encyclopedias’ printed in 1501
Authors: Shephard Tim , Hancock Charlotte
Published: October 2023

A modern user of a printed encyclopedia expects to find concise entries on a wide range of subjects organised alphabetically for ease of reference. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries a number of scholarly texts of a particularly long and wide‐ranging character were essentially ‘encyclopedized’ through the provision of compendious subject indexes, appearing before the start of the text in some printed editions, to facilitate reference use. Two such texts that enjoyed a particular spike in Italian printed editions in the decades either side of 1501 were Niccolo Perotti's Cornucopiae, and the Aristotelian (or rather pseudo‐Aristotelian) Problemata, which was sometimes packaged together with Problemata by Alexander of Aphrodisias and Plutarch. Working with 1501 ‘encyclopedized’ editions of both texts, this essay asks a simple question: what would a reader learn by looking up music‐related terms in the indexes?