bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representação social acerca da assistência de enfermagem prestada a mulheres grávidas usuárias de crack na Maternidade e Centro Obstétrico
Authors: Ventura Jeferson , Gomes Giovana Calcagno , Scarton Juliane , Semedo Deisa Salyse dos Reis Cabral , Rangel Rosiane Filipin , Gehlen Maria Helena
Published: January 2022

Este estudo objetiva-se conhecer as representações sociais de enfermeiras que atuam em Maternidade e Centro Obstétrico acerca da assistência de enfermagem prestada à mulher grávida usuária de crack nos setores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Usou como referencial teórico a Teoria das Representações Sociais. Participaram 14 enfermeiras que atuavam na maternidade e centro obstétrico. Os dados foram coletados em 2018 por entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados pela técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. O projeto teve aprovação, sob o número 113/2018 e CAAE 90845618.3.0000.5324. Os resultados revelaram que a preocupação da equipe é com o bebê que irá nascer. Muitas mulheres são tratadas com preconceito, tanto pelos médicos como enfermeiros. As crenças, valores dos profissionais influenciam na forma como são tratadas. As mulheres usuárias de crack são marginalizadas, e por vezes não possuem as mesmas chances que as outras pessoas. Conclui-se que é necessária a capacitação dos profissionais de saúde que atuam na assistência a essas mulheres, afim de qualificar o cuidado a estas mulheres, para minimizar o estigma que envolve a temática do uso de crack e do ser mulher gestante..
Construção e validação de material educativo sobre tratamento farmacológico da Leucemia Mieloide Crônica
Authors: Casagrande Vanessa , Spadella Maria Angélica , Chagas Eduardo Federighi Baisi , Pinheiro Osni Lázaro
Published: January 2022

A Leucemia Mieloide Crônica é uma doença hematológica caracterizada pela proliferação de leucócitos. O tratamento é feito por medicamentos administrados por via oral, porém pode ocorrer falha na adesão. Logo, ações educativas são importantes para conscientizar o paciente sobre o uso adequado destes medicamentos. O objetivo do estudo foi elaborar um material educativo com enfoque no tratamento da Leucemia Mieloide Crônica. Inicialmente verificou-se a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso dos pacientes do Ambulatório de Onco-hematologia (n=36) aplicando a Escala de Adesão Terapêutica de Morisky (MMAS-8). Em seguida foi elaborada uma versão preliminar do material educativo com participação dos pacientes (n=10) e profissionais da área de saúde (n=10). Os participantes contribuíram na definição dos temas e posteriormente na validação do material educativo com relação ao conteúdo, linguagem, ilustrações, layout, motivação e cultura. Os itens que atingiram 80% de concordância foram considerados validados. Os resultados mostraram que a adesão dos pacientes ao tratamento merece investimentos e os avaliadores trouxeram importantes contribuições para a construção de um material sucinto, claro e com ilustrações. Os pacientes com Leucemia Mieloide Crônica merecem atenção em relação a realização de atividades educativas que possam contribuir com maiores esclarecimentos sobre a doença e também sobre a importância da adesão ao tratamento. Dessa forma, o material produzido nesse estudo, com a utilização de questionários validados na literatura e com a participação de especialistas na área, poderá ser utilizado como ferramenta para a realização de ações de “Educação em Saúde”, podendo auxiliar na otimização das taxas de adesão ao tratamento farmacológico.
Infográfico sobre doenças parasitárias neglicenciadas para séries iniciais
Authors: Barbosa Ana Jessily Camargo , Avila Thais Tania , Da Silva Rosane Meire Munhak , Silva-Sobrinho Reinaldo Antonio , Zilly Adriana
Published: January 2022

O presente estudo tem o objetivo de descrever o caminho metodológico utilizado na construção de um infográfico animado, que retrata o tema Doenças Parasitárias Negligenciadas para as séries iniciais de uma escola do município de Foz do Iguaçu-PR, participante do Programa Saúde na Escola.  O infográfico foi construído no site Powtoon®, um desenvolvedor online gratuito, que disponibiliza recursos de imagem, animação e vídeo. Utilizou-se o Design Instrucional, partindo de uma necessidade de aprendizagem para elaboração de uma solução de aprendizagem, através do Sistema ADDIE, cujas etapas são: Análise, Design, Desenvolvimento, Implementação e Avaliação. A produção do infográfico animado  versou sobre doenças parasitárias negligenciadas pois os professores indicaram ser uma demanda de saúde da escola naquele momento e está disponível na plataforma de vídeos online de forma gratuita no link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJrgjlUdnlA.
Roteiro prático para preceptoria em fisioterapia intensiva pediátrica de um hospital universitário.
Authors: Zandona Gisele da Silva Peixoto , Mesquita Deisiane da Da Silva , Moreira Meyrilane Vicente De Laias , Correa Camila Fortes , De Sousa Shanna Machado
Published: January 2022

Resumo: É importante que o preceptor da unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica tenha um planejamento estruturado para sequenciar os aprendizados com coerência dos temas e qualidade de conteúdo aos seus residentes, sendo esses os principais objetivos da preceptoria. Permitindo assim articular de forma prática e didática os diversos assuntos necessários para a formação concisa desse residente ao mesmo tempo, em que permite obter melhores parâmetros de avaliação. Este roteiro destina se também a desenvolver conhecimentos, habilidades, competências e atitudes necessárias à prática multiprofissional, possibilitando o desenvolvimento da capacidade crítica, reflexiva, participativa e transformadora, principalmente focada nas especificidades da área de concentração da residência. Este artigo trata-se de projeto de intervenção do tipo plano de preceptoria onde foi estruturado em formato de Roteiro Prático de Ensino e a avaliação quinzenal ou mensal foi seguindo a metodologia na pirâmide de Miller. O roteiro proposto foi resultado da interação com a  rede de apoio com todos os atores da preceptoria; visando a melhoria na capacidade técnica assistencial desses residentes; e também a reversão das fraquezas antes imposta pela falta de argumentação teórico dos assuntos mais questionados durante o estágio e o planejamento para as atividades por meio do cronograma, possibilitou o cumprimento das temáticas, permitindo a organização dos processos de preceptoria, abordados e graduados por nível de dificuldades. Com utilização do método, foi possível a materialização de um conceito pedagógico e aumentou o impacto educacional das avaliações, bem como qualificou a formação dos residentes, permitindo assim um aprendizado direcionado.
Look-up table approach for uncertainty determination for operational vicarious calibration of Earth imaging sensors
Authors: Wenny Brian N. , Thome Kurtis
Published: January 2022

Understanding the uncertainty of a vicarious calibration is essential for any application to Earth imaging sensors. The Radiometric Calibration Network provides SI-traceable spectral top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance from a network of ground sites and uses a look-up table (LUT) approach for uncertainty determination. The uncertainty LUT was derived using Monte Carlo techniques applied to the relevant solar geometry, surface, and atmospheric variables. While surface reflectance is typically the dominant uncertainty source, atmospheric contributions do play an important role, depending upon the exact scenario and conditions. This approach allows knowledge of TOA reflectance uncertainty to within 0.5%.
Normalization-free displacement reconstruction method based on fringe scaling
Authors: Hong Hui-Song , Kim Chol-Hyon , Kim Jin-Hyok , Kim Chong-Hyok , Ri Chung-Rok
Published: January 2022

The knotty problems in the displacement reconstruction based on the self-mixing (SM)
technique are the estimation of the self-mixing interferometry
parameters and the normalization of SM signals (SMSs) since they are
all very time-consuming and based on complex algorithms. This has an
unfavorable effect on the real-time and low-cost natures of the SM
displacement sensor. In the paper, we have presented a simple method
of displacement retrieval with a high resolution, which does not
require the parameter estimation and normalization. The proposed
method is based on the scaling of individual fringes in SMSs and
speckle noise proof. The simplicity of the method will make a great
contribution to lowering the cost of the SM displacement sensor and
improving the reliability and resolution of the sensor.
Calibration of an underwater binocular vision system based on the refraction model
Authors: Ma Yunpeng , Zhou Yaqin , Wang Chunkuan , Wu Yi , Zou Yang , Zhang Shan
Published: January 2022

Underwater measurement based on stereo vision attaches great importance to camera calibration. However, it is challenging to perform accurate calibration due to the significant refraction presented at the interfaces of air and water. To solve this problem, a calibration method for an underwater binocular vision system based on the optimized refractive model is proposed. First, conventional calibration is performed to obtain basic initial camera parameters using checkerboard images collected in the air. Then, an evolutionary multi-objective function is established according to Snell’s law, the refractive light propagation path, and checkerboard geometric relationship. Finally, precise camera parameters and involved refraction parameters are both obtained for underwater target positioning and size measurement by the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm of the reference point. A group of experiments is performed, and the validity and effectiveness of the proposed calibration algorithm is demonstrated.
Dynamically tunable broadband absorber/reflector based on graphene and VO2 metamaterials
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Ma Chi , Xiao Lihua , Li Xia , Yu Jiabin , Xiao Binggang
Published: January 2022

We propose a difunctional tunable broadband absorber/reflector consisting of a periodic cross-shaped graphene array and a vanadium dioxide (

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2

) layer. When

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2

reflects the properties of metal, the proposed dual-function device is used as a reflector; when

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2

reflects the nature of the dielectric, the difunctional device will be used as an absorber. The simulation results indicate that more than 90% absorption bandwidth can be available in the absorber in the frequency range of 56.1–59.0 THz, up to 100%. Moreover, over 80% absorption can be achieved over the frequency range of 88.5 to 90.2 THz. In addition, the bandwidth and absorption of the metamaterial absorber can be dynamically changed because of the Fermi energy level in graphene and the temperature tunability of 

V
O

2

. The proposed device can be applied to manufacturing infrared spectrophotometers, on-dispersive infrared photometers, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometers. Therefore, it has potential application in the field of environmental monitoring.
Joint multi-parameter optical performance monitoring scheme based on trajectory information for a Stokes vector direct detection system
Authors: Yu Xinkuo , Bai Chenglin , Yang Lishan , Xu Hengying , Sun Weibin , Li Jianping
Published: January 2022

In this study, we propose and verify a joint multi-parameter optical performance monitoring (OPM) scheme based on trajectory information for the Stokes vector direct detection (SVDD) system, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Here, the proposed scheme first performs quantification of the trajectory to construct trajectory information, which not only presents diversity of the received symbols in spatial dimension, but also records the jump pattern among symbols in time dimension. Subsequently, eigenanalysis is introduced to extract critical features hidden in trajectory information and simultaneously achieve the purpose of dimensionality reduction. The effectiveness of the scheme is verified through 14/28 GBaud SVDD binary phase shift keying/quadrature phase shift keying/-8 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)/-16QAM/-32QAM/-64QAM simulation systems. Under the scenario of joint modulation format (MF) identification and optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) monitoring, the identification rates of all six kinds of MFs achieve 100% within their corresponding reasonable OSNR ranges. Besides that, the average mean absolute error (MAE) of the monitored OSNRs are obtained as 0.03 dB, 0.22 dB, 0.36 dB, 0.41 dB, 0.46 dB, and 0.49 dB for those six kinds of MFs, respectively. Under the scenario of multi-parameter OPM, SVDD-8QAM/-16QAM/-32QAM signals are 100% successfully identified when residual chromatic dispersion (RCD) is located in the ranges of 0–200 ps/nm, 0–190 ps/nm, and 0–160 ps/nm, respectively. The average MAE of OSNR monitoring and RCD estimation for these three commonly used MFs are 1.08 dB and 3.23 ps/nm, respectively. Moreover, the study also demonstrates the robustness for baud rates and a relatively simpler calculation complexity about the proposed OPM scheme.
Optimized wavelength selection for diffraction-based overlay measurement by minimum asymmetry factor variation with finite-difference time-domain simulation
Authors: Hsieh Hung-Chih , Cheng Jui-Ming , Yeh Yun-Chi
Published: January 2022

A robust and wafer-less wavelength selection methodology was proposed. An overlay calculation model considering the asymmetric bottom grating structure showed that additional intensities diffracted from the asymmetric structure caused the overlay error. An asymmetry factor was introduced to describe the intensity ratio of the original overlay mark and a mark with bottom grating only. Based on the simulation results, the optimized wavelength was selected by analyzing the wavelength at which there is the minimum variation of the asymmetry factor. Four cases were tested by the simulation, and the maximum overlay error of the optimized wavelength selected by this method was 0.21 nm.
Photonics-assisted microwave pulse detection and frequency measurement based on pulse replication and frequency-to-time mapping
Authors: Zuo Pengcheng , Ma Dong , Liu Qingbo , Jiang Lizhong , Chen Yang
Published: January 2022

A photonics-assisted microwave pulse detection and frequency measurement scheme is proposed. The unknown microwave pulse is converted to the optical domain and then injected into a fiber loop for pulse replication, which makes it easier to identify the microwave pulse with a large pulse repetition interval (PRI), whereas stimulated Brillouin scattering-based frequency-to-time mapping (FTTM) is utilized to measure the carrier frequency of the microwave pulse. A sweep optical carrier is generated and modulated by the unknown microwave pulse and a continuous-wave (CW) single-frequency reference, generating two different frequency sweep optical signals, which are combined and used as the probe wave to detect a fixed Brillouin gain spectrum. When the optical signal is detected in a photodetector, FTTM is realized, and the frequency of the microwave pulse can be determined. An experiment is performed. For a fiber loop containing a 210-m fiber, pulse replication and FTTM of the pulses with a PRI of 20 µs and pulse widths of 1.20, 1.00, 0.85, and 0.65 µs are realized. Under a certain frequency sweep chirp rate of 0.978 THz/s, the measurement errors are below

±

12

and

±

5

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by using one pair of pulses and multiple pairs of pulses, respectively. The influence of the frequency sweep chirp rate and pulse width on the measurement error has also been studied. To a certain extent, the faster the frequency sweep, the greater the frequency measurement error. For a specific frequency sweep chirp rate, the measurement error is almost unaffected by the pulse width to be measured.
Absolute distance measurement to coaxial multi-targets based on optical
balanced cross-correlation using a single femtosecond laser
Authors: Gao Haoran , Long Xiefen , Jin Xueying , Xu Xin , Lu Yang , Zhao Huining , Yu Liandong
Published: January 2022

We describe a high-precision ranging method based on an optical balanced
cross-correlation system with a scanning repetition rate using a
single femtosecond laser. By scanning the repetition rate of a laser,
measuring pulses can be overlapped with reference pulses. It is an
effective method to make reference pulses overlap with coaxial
multiple target pulses without additional mechanical devices. The
overlapped pulses are launched to the optical balanced
cross-correlation system, which improves the time resolution
measurement to the attosecond level. Two nominal distances are
measured, and an additional commercial laser interferometer is used as
a comparison to evaluate the accuracy of our measurement system.
Moreover, the thickness of three stacked glasses is measured by our
measurement system to verify that this system can measure coaxial
multiple targets more quickly than conventional optical balanced
cross-correlation systems using a single optical frequency comb.
Synergetic effects of a front ITO nanocylinder array and a back square Al array to enhance light absorption for organic solar cells
Authors: Liu Weining , Zhang Li , Wang Yanzhou , Yao Xincheng , Xie Caidong , Liu Qiming , Li Junshuai , Li Yali , He Deyan
Published: January 2022

Efficient light management is critical to obtain high performance for organic solar cells (OSCs), which aims to solve the contradiction between limited carrier extraction and light absorption for the normally employed photoactive layers generally having both short exciton diffusion lengths and low extinction coefficients. In this study, we introduce a simple and efficient light management structure consisting of a front indium tin oxide nanocylinder (ITO-NC) array and a back square Al array. Thanks to the synergetic effects of antireflection and light scattering induced by the ITO-NC array, together with the secondary scattering and localized surface plasmon resonance because of the square Al array, remarkably enhanced light absorption in a broad spectral range can be achieved. Taking the most investigated photoactive layer of the

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, the short-circuit current density and power conversion efficiency can be enhanced by 36.58% and 38.38% after incorporating the light management structure with the optimal structural parameters. Furthermore, good omnidirectional light management can be achieved for the proposed device structure. Given the excellent performance and simple structure, we believe that this study would provide a meaningful exploration of developing light management structures applicable for thin film-based optoelectronic devices.
40× zoom optical system design based on stable imaging principle of four groups
Authors: Zhang Kun , Qu Zheng , Zhong Xing , Li Fanxing , Yu Siyang
Published: January 2022

Based on stable imaging principle of four groups and combined with optical design software, a method for initial structure calculation of zoom optical system and optical system optimization design is proposed to solve the problems of difficult initial structure calculation, large volume, and inflection point of zoom curves of a high zoom ratio optical system. First, this paper theoretically derives the four-group stable imaging principle of the zoom optical system. Then, using the derived equations and optical design software, the initial structural parameters of the four-group zoom optical system are solved to ensure that there is no inflection point in the zoom curves. Finally, a lightweight and small

40

×

continuous zoom optical system is designed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the design method proposed in this paper. The zoom optical system has the advantages of good imaging quality, lightweight, small size, smooth zoom, and no inflection point.
Bio-compatible miniature viscosity sensor based on optical tweezers
Authors: Yuan Shun , Zheng Qing , Yao Benjun , Wen Mingcong , Zhang Weina , Yuan Jie , Lei Hongxiang
Published: January 2022

Viscosity is a fundamental biomechanical parameter related to the function and pathological status of cells and tissues. Viscosity sensing is of vital importance in early biomedical diagnosis and health monitoring. To date, there have been few methods of miniature viscosity sensing with high safety, flexible controllability, and excellent biocompatibility. Here, an indirect optical method combining the significant advantages of both optical tweezers and microflows has been presented in this paper to construct a cellular micromotor−based viscosity sensor. Optical tweezers are used to drive a yeast cell or biocompatible SiO2 particle to rotate along a circular orbit and thus generate a microvortex. Another target yeast cell in the vortex center can be controllably rotated under the action of viscous stress to form a cellular micromotor. As the ambient viscosity increases, the rotation rate of the micromotor is reduced, and thus viscosity sensing is realized by measuring the relationship between the two parameters. The proposed synthetic material-free and fuel-free method is safer, more flexible, and biocompatible, which makes the cellular micromotor-based viscosity sensor a potential detector of the function and pathological status of cells and tissues in vivo without introducing any exogenous cells.
Ultrafast measurement of a single-photon wave packet using an optical Kerr gate
Authors: Yabuno Masahiro , Takumi Takahiro , China Fumihiro , Miki Shigehito , Terai Hirotaka , Mosley Peter J. , Jin Rui-Bo , Shimizu Ryosuke
Published: January 2022

Ultrafast quantum optics with time-frequency entangled photons is at the forefront of progress towards future quantum technologies. However, to unravel the time domain structure of entangled photons and exploit fully their rich dimensionality, a single-photon detector with sub-picosecond temporal resolution is required. Here, we present ultrafast single-photon detection using an optical Kerr gate composed of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) placed inside a Sagnac interferometer. A near-rectangle temporal waveform of a heralded single-photon generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion is measured with temporal resolution as high as 224 ± 9 fs. The large nonlinearity and long effective interaction length of the PCF enables maximum detection efficiency to be achieved with only 30.5 mW gating pulse average power, demonstrating an order-of-magnitude improvement compared to optical gating with sum-frequency generation. Also, we discuss the trade-off relationship between detection efficiency and temporal resolution.
Coherent fibre link for synchronization of delocalized atomic clocks
Authors: Cizek Martin , Pravdova Lenka , Minh Pham Tuan , Lesundak Adam , Hrabina Jan , Lazar Josef , Pronebner Thomas , Aeikens Elke , Premper Jörg , Havlis Ondrej , Velc Radek , Smotlacha Vladimir , Altmannova Lada , Schumm Thorsten , Vojtech Josef , Niessner Anton , Cip Ondrej
Published: January 2022

Challenging experiments for tests in fundamental physics require highly coherent optical frequency references with suppressed phase noise from hundreds of kHz down to μHz of Fourier frequencies. It can be achieved by remote synchronization of many frequency references interconnected by stabilized optical fibre links. Here we describe the path to realize a delocalized optical frequency reference for spectroscopy of the isomeric state of the nucleus of Thorium-229 atom. This is a prerequisite for the realization of the next generation of an optical clock – the nuclear clock. We present the established 235 km long phase-coherent stabilized cross-border fibre link connecting two delocalized metrology laboratories in Brno and Vienna operating highly-coherent lasers disciplined by active Hydrogen masers through optical frequency combs. A significant part (up to tens of km) of the optical fibre is passing urban combined collectors with a non-negligible level of acoustic interference and temperature changes, which results in a power spectral density of phase noise over 105 rad2· Hz-1. Therefore, we deploy a digital signal processing technique to suppress the fibre phase noise over a wide dynamic range of phase fluctuations. To demonstrate the functionality of the link, we measured the phase noise power spectral density of a remote beat note between two independent lasers, locked to high-finesse stable resonators. Using optical frequency combs at both ends of the link, a long-term fractional frequency stability in the order of 10−15 between local active Hydrogen masers was measured as well. Thanks to this technique, we have achieved reliable operation of the phase-coherent fibre link with fractional stability of 7 × 10−18 in 103 s.
Ho:LuAG single crystal fiber: growth, spectroscopy and laser characteristics
Authors: Liu Jian , Song Qingsong , Wang Zhanxin , Wang Yinyin , Dong Jifei , Xu Jie , Liu Peng , Li Dongzhen , Wang Jianlei , Wang Chun , Lebbou Kheirreddine , Xue Yanyan , Xu Jun , Xu Xiaodong , Zhao Yongguang
Published: January 2022

Lutetium aluminum garnet single-crystal fiber (SCF, ∼ Φ 0.9 mm – 165 mm) doped with 0.5 at.% Ho3+ has been grown by the micro-pulling-down (µ-PD) technique. The room-temperature absorption and emission spectra exhibit similar features to the bulk crystal. Laser performances of the SCFs with two different pump configurations, i.e., pump guiding and free-space propagation, are studied by employing a 1.9-µm laser diode and a high-brightness fiber laser, respectively. Laser slope efficiencies obtained with both pump configurations can be higher than 50%, and a maximum output power of 6.01 W is achieved at ∼ 2.09 µm with the former pump. The comparable efficiency to the high-brightness pump is an indication of that high laser performance can also be expected through pump-guiding in the SCF even with a low pump beam quality.
Gold nanospheres assembly via corona discharge technique for flexible SERS substrate
Authors: Yi Tianan , Su Wei , Yu Qiang , Wu Hua , Guo Kun , Deng Haiqing , Yin Cheng , Yan Juntao , Wu Jian , Chen Bingyan
Published: January 2022

Noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) assembly substrates with strongly enhanced local electromagnetic fields provide new possibilities for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensing. Although the external-electric-field-based self-assembly (EEFSA) strategy for decreasing NMNP gap in liquid phase is relatively developed, it is rarely described in solid phase. Here, by combining corona discharge technique (CDT) as a simple EEFSA approach on flexible substrate surface modification, a flexible SERS substrate medicated with gold nanospheres (AuNSs) is produced. Because of the CDT’s peculiar discharge event, makes AuNSs aggregation simply achieved. The modified flexible SERS substrate is sensitive to the detection limit of ∼10−5 mM for Rhodamine 6G (R6G), with a maximum enhancement factor of 2.79×106. Furthermore, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation confirms the SERS enhancement impact of AuNSs-based substrate. This study not only provides a low-cost, simple-to-process, high-yield, high sensitivity, and activity flexible SERS substrate, but also suggests a more practical and adaptable NMNPs self-assembly approach.
Improved active fiber-based retroreflector with intensity stabilization and a polarization monitor for the near UV: erratum
Authors: Wirthl Vitaly , Maisenbacher Lothar , Weitenberg Johannes , Hertlein Alexander , Grinin Alexey , Matveev Arthur , Pohl Randolf , Hänsch Theodor W. , Udem Thomas
Published: January 2022

In Sec. 6 (polarization monitor) of our recent publication [Opt. Express 29(5), 7024 (2021)10.1364/OE.417455], we assumed a small value of δ. This is however incorrect. The correct approximation for small β leads to the updated Eqs. (10)–(11), resulting in a corrected Fig. 12.
Non-iterative multifold strip segmentation phase method for six-dimensional optical field modulation
Authors: Zhu Yueqiang , Zhao Wei , Zhang Chen , Wang Kaige , Bai Jintao
Published: January 2022

In this Letter, we propose a non-iterative multifold strip segmentation phase method for a spatial light modulator (SLM) to generate multifocal spots of diverse beams (Airy, spiral, perfect vortex, and Bessel–Gaussian beams) in a high-numerical-aperture system, with up to 6D controllability. The method is further validated by an inverted fluorescence microscope. By adjusting the bright and dark voltage parameters of the SLM, zero-order light caused by the pixelation effect of the SLM has been successfully eliminated. We hope this research provides a more flexible and powerful approach for the rapid modulation of multi-focus light fields in the development of biomedicine and lithography.
Real-time observation of phase transition of bifurcation evolution in mode-locked lasers
Authors: Wang Wenchao , Xian Tianhao , Zhang Mengjie , Zhan Li
Published: January 2022

By using the dispersive temporal holography technology, we observe the real-time dynamics of period-doubling bifurcation evolution in an ultrafast fiber laser. The pulse properties including the phase, polarization state, chirp, pulse width, and pulse energy are fully bifurcated, which embody the bifurcation induced “phase transition.” There are two types of bifurcation in the laser buildup: one to many bifurcation towards the chaos and the multiple bifurcated pulses back to the stationary state along the reversed trajectory. Both of them can be explained by the rule of the same phase transition. We conclude and illustrate the differences and connections to another common pulsation, the Hopf bifurcation. The findings can promote an understanding of the bifurcations in ultrafast lasers, and are beneficial for an improvement of laser stability.
Coexistence of multiple microcombs in monochromatically pumped Si3N4 microresonators
Authors: Wu Zhonghan , Gao Yiran , Zhang Tian , Dai Jian , Xu Kun
Published: January 2022

We experimentally demonstrate that multiple microcombs can coexist in monochromatically pumped Si3N4 microresonators. By pumping around the mode crossing using a CW laser with mixed polarization, three types of coherent microcombs are generated simultaneously: (i) TE-polarized soliton microcomb; (ii) TM-polarized Turing rolls microcomb; and (iii) cross-phase-modulation-induced TM-polarized microcomb. It is proved that the type-(iii) microcomb shares the same comb line spacing with the type-(i) microcomb although the free spectral ranges of TE and TM modes are different. In addition, a 22.95-GHz signal is extracted from a ∼100-GHz microresonator by heterodyning the TE and TM comb lines, and phase noise analysis reveals their coherence characteristics.
Polarimetry analysis and optical contrast of Sb2S3 phase change material
Authors: Gutiérrez Yael , Fernández-Pérez Andrea , Rosales Saúl A. , Cobianu Cornel , Gheorghe Marin , Modreanu Mircea , Saiz José M. , Moreno Fernando , Losurdo Maria
Published: January 2022

Phase-change materials (PCMs) are the cornerstone for the development of reconfigurable and programmable photonic devices. Sb2S3 has been recently proposed as an interesting PCM due to its low-losses in the visible and near-IR. Here, we report the use of imaging polarimetry and spectroscopic ellipsometry to reveal and directly measure the optical properties of Sb2S3 both in crystalline and amorphous states obtained upon crystallization by annealing in the air of chemical bath deposited amorphous Sb2S3. The Mueller Matrix polarimetric analysis reveals the strong anisotropy of the Sb2S3 crystallites which crystallize in radial spherulitic domains in contrast to the optical isotropy of the amorphous films. A refractive index contrast of Δn = 0.5 is demonstrated while maintaining low-losses at telecommunications C-band, i.e., λ = 1550 nm.
KLF3 and PAX6 are candidate driver genes in late-stage, MSI-hypermutated endometrioid endometrial carcinomas
Authors: Rudd Meghan L. , Hansen Nancy F. , Zhang Xiaolu , Urick Mary Ellen , Zhang Suiyuan , Merino Maria J. ,   National Institutes of Health Intramural Sequencing Center Comparative Sequencing Program, Mullikin James C. , Brody Lawrence C. , Bell Daphne W.
Published: January 2022

Endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EECs) are the most common histological subtype of uterine cancer. Late-stage disease is an adverse prognosticator for EEC. The purpose of this study was to analyze EEC exome mutation data to identify late-stage-specific statistically significantly mutated genes (SMGs), which represent candidate driver genes potentially associated with disease progression. We exome sequenced 15 late-stage (stage III or IV) non-ultramutated EECs and paired non-tumor DNAs; somatic variants were called using Strelka, Shimmer, SomaticSniper and MuTect. Additionally, somatic mutation calls were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data for 66 late-stage and 270 early-stage (stage I or II) non-ultramutated EECs. MutSigCV (v1.4) was used to annotate SMGs in the two late-stage cohorts and to derive p-values for all mutated genes in the early-stage cohort. To test whether late-stage SMGs are statistically significantly mutated in early-stage tumors, q-values for late-stage SMGs were re-calculated from the MutSigCV (v1.4) early-stage p-values, adjusting for the number of late-stage SMGs tested. We identified 14 SMGs in the combined late-stage EEC cohorts. When the 14 late-stage SMGs were examined in the TCGA early-stage data, onlyKrüppel-like factor 3(KLF3) andPaired box 6(PAX6) failed to reach significance as early-stage SMGs, despite the inclusion of enough early-stage cases to ensure adequate statistical power. Within TCGA, nonsynonymous mutations inKLF3andPAX6were, respectively, exclusive or nearly exclusive to the microsatellite instability (MSI)-hypermutated molecular subgroup and were dominated by insertions-deletions at homopolymer tracts. In conclusion, our findings are hypothesis-generating and suggest thatKLF3andPAX6, which encode transcription factors, are MSI target genes and late-stage-specific SMGs in EEC.
Mapping vegetation species succession in a mountainous grassland ecosystem using Landsat, ASTER MI, and Sentinel-2 data
Authors: Adagbasa Efosa Gbenga , Mukwada Geofrey
Published: January 2022

Vegetation species succession and composition are significant factors determining the rate of ecosystem biodiversity recovery after being disturbed and subsequently vital for sustainable and effective natural resource management and biodiversity. The succession and composition of grasslands ecosystems worldwide have significantly been affected by accelerated environmental changes due to natural and anthropogenic activities. Therefore, understanding spatial data on the succession of grassland vegetation species and communities through mapping and monitoring is essential to gain knowledge on the ecosystem and other ecosystem services. This study used a random forest machine learning classifier on the Google Earth Engine platform to classify grass vegetation species with Landsat 7 ETM+ and ASTER multispectral imager (MI) data resampled with the current Sentinel-2 MSI data to map and estimate the changes in vegetation species succession. The results indicate that ASTER MI has the least accuracy of 72%, Landsat 7 ETM+ 84%, and Sentinel-2 had the highest of 87%. The result also shows that other species had replaced four dominant grass species totaling about 49 km2 throughout the study.
1,8 Cineole and Ellagic acid inhibit hepatocarcinogenesis via upregulation of MiR-122 and suppression of TGF-β1, FSCN1, Vimentin, VEGF, and MMP-9
Authors: Abdallah Heba M. I. , El Awdan Sally A. , Abdel-Rahman Rehab F. , Farrag Abdel Razik H. , Allam Rasha M.
Published: January 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most burdened tumors worldwide, with a complex and multifactorial pathogenesis. Current treatment approaches involve different molecular targets. Phytochemicals have shown considerable promise in the prevention and treatment of HCC. We investigated the efficacy of two natural components, 1,8 cineole (Cin) and ellagic acid (EA), against diethylnitrosamine/2-acetylaminofluorene (DEN/2-AAF) induced HCC in rats. DEN/2-AAF showed deterioration of hepatic cells with an impaired functional capacity of the liver. In addition, the levels of tumor markers including alpha-fetoprotein, arginase-1, alpha-L-fucosidase, and ferritin were significantly increased, whereas the hepatic miR-122 level was significantly decreased in induced-HCC rats. Interestingly, treatment with Cin (100mg/kg) and EA (60mg/kg) powerfully restored these biochemical alterations. Moreover, Cin and EA treatment exhibited significant downregulation in transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), Fascin-1 (FSCN1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) key marker, vimentin, along with a restoration of histopathological findings compared to HCC group. Such effects were comparable to Doxorubicin (DOX) (2mg/kg); however, a little additive effect was evident through combining these phytochemicals with DOX. Altogether, this study highlighted 1,8 cineole and ellagic acid for the first time as promising phytochemicals for the treatment of hepatocarcinogenesis via regulating multiple targets.
Incidence and predictors of first-year unplanned discontinuation of Implanon at Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital, northern Ethiopia: A retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Abraha Hiluf Ebuy , Gezae Kebede Embaye , Kahsay Alemayehu Bayray , Tequare Mengistu Hagazi
Published: January 2022

Background

Discontinuing contraception without switching to a different type of family planning (FP) method contributes to unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion. Unplanned discontinuation of Implanon (which is discontinuation of Implanon without switching, but not for reasons of wanting to get pregnant) during the first year and its possible determinants have not been well investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence and predictors of unplanned discontinuation of Implanon during the first year.

Methods

A retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 413 consecutive series of eligible women at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Northern Ethiopia. Data were drawn from both FP initiation and removal registration books and from contacting users by phone over a one-year period (April 2016 and March 2017). The inclusion of the categorical predictor in the final Cox model was considered if the test had a P-value of <0.25 in the log-rank test. We identified predictors of time to unplanned discontinuation using a multivariable Cox regression analysis. Adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the association of covariates with the risk of discontinuation. There were no statistically significant interaction terms and proportionality assumption was fulfilled.

Results

The unplanned discontinuation rate of Implanon during the first year was 18.2%, with an incidence density of 16.3 discontinuations/1000 women-months. Compared with those under 20 years of age, women aged 20 to 24 years (AHR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.19–0.91) had a protective effect against discontinuation. On the other hand, clients whose partner’s educational level was lower than secondary (AHR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.08–4.49) and who had never used any modern contraception method before (AHR = 3.26; 95% CI: 1.61–6.61) had a higher risk of discontinuation.

Conclusions

Our findings have significant implications for understanding why Implanon is discontinued in an unplanned manner, and will help policy makers plan the interventions needed to improve Implanon continuity by overcoming identified barriers. Providers in similar settings should pay more attention to clients whose partners have lower educational status and who are new acceptors.
End-to-end system for rapid and sensitive early-detection of SARS-CoV-2 for resource-poor and field-test environments using a $51 lab-in-a-backpack
Authors: Lin E. Emily , Razzaque Umar A. , Burrows Stephen A. , Smoukov Stoyan K.
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 has exposed stark inequalities between resource-rich and resource-poor countries. International UN- and WHO-led efforts, such as COVAX, have provided SARS-CoV-2 vaccines but half of African countries have less than 2% vaccinated in their population, and only 15 have reached 10% by October 2021, further disadvantaging local economic recovery. Key for this implementation and preventing further mutation and spread is the frequency of voluntary [asymptomatic] testing. It is limited by expensive PCR and LAMP tests, uncomfortable probes deep in the throat or nose, and the availability of hardware to administer in remote locations. There is an urgent need for an inexpensive “end-to-end” system to deliver sensitive and reliable, non-invasive tests in resource-poor and field-test conditions. We introduce a non-invasive saliva-based LAMP colorimetric test kit and a $51 lab-in-a-backpack system that detects as few as 4 viral RNA copies per μL. It consists of eight chemicals, a thermometer, a thermos bottle, two micropipettes and a 1000–4000 rcf electronically operated centrifuge made from recycled computer hard drives (CentriDrive). The centrifuge includes a 3D-printed rotor and a 12 V rechargeable Li-ion battery, and its 12 V standard also allows wiring directly to automobile batteries, to enable field-use of this and other tests in low infrastructure settings. The test takes 90 minutes to process 6 samples and has reagent costs of $3.5 per sample. The non-invasive nature of saliva testing would allow higher penetration of testing and wider adoption of the test across cultures and settings (including refugee camps and disaster zones). The attached graphical procedure would make the test suitable for self-testing at home, performing it in the field, or in mobile testing centers by minimally trained staff.
Decision-making during obstetric emergencies: A narrative approach
Authors: Raoust Gabriel M. , Bergström Johan , Bolin Maria , Hansson Stefan R.
Published: January 2022

This study aims to explore how physicians make sense of and give meaning to their decision-making during obstetric emergencies. Childbirth is considered safe in the wealthiest parts of the world. However, variations in both intervention rates and delivery outcomes have been found between countries and between maternity units of the same country. Interventions can prevent neonatal and maternal morbidity but may cause avoidable harm if performed without medical indication. To gain insight into the possible causes of this variation, we turned to first-person perspectives, and particularly physicians’ as they hold a central role in the obstetric team. This study was conducted at four maternity units in the southern region of Sweden. Using a narrative approach, individual in-depth interviews ignited by retelling an event and supported by art images, were performed between Oct. 2018 and Feb. 2020. In total 17 obstetricians and gynecologists participated. An inductive thematic narrative analysis was used for interpreting the data. Eight themes were constructed: (a) feeling lonely, (b) awareness of time, (c) sense of responsibility, (d) keeping calm, (e) work experience, (f) attending midwife, (g) mind-set and setting, and (h) hedging. Three decision-making perspectives were constructed: (I) individual-centered strategy, (II) dialogue-distributed process, and (III) chaotic flow-orientation. This study shows how various psychological and organizational conditions synergize with physicians during decision-making. It also indicates how physicians gave decision-making meaning through individual motivations and rationales, expressed as a perspective. Finally, the study also suggests that decision-making evolves with experience, and over time. The findings have significance for teamwork, team training, patient safety and for education of trainees.
Breed and conformational predispositions for prolapsed nictitating membrane gland (PNMG) in dogs in the UK: A VetCompass study
Authors: O’Neill Dan G. , Yin Yahui , Tetas Pont Roser , Brodbelt Dave C. , Church David B. , Pegram Camilla , Mustikka Minna
Published: January 2022

Background

Prolapsed nictitating membrane gland (PNMG) is the most common disorder of the third eyelid in dogs. However, the epidemiology of PNMG in the wider dog population remains understudied.

Methods

Using de-identified clinical data from the VetCompass Programme, this cohort study aimed to report the prevalence, demographic and breed-related risk factors of PNMG in dogs attending UK primary care veterinary practices in 2016.

Results

There were 1,802 PNMG cases identified from 905,543 dogs, yielding an annual prevalence of 0.20% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19–0.21). The median age at first diagnosis was 0.63 years (IQR 0.33–1.98, range 0.11–18.00). Dogs aged under 1 year had 10.82 times the odds (95% CI 9.17–12.76) compared with dogs aged from 2 to under 4 years. Neutered animals had higher odds than entire animals within both sexes. Breeds with the highest odds of PNMG compared with crossbred dogs included Neapolitan Mastiff (odds ratio (OR) 34.26, 95%CI 15.92–73.75), English Bulldog (OR 24.08, 95% CI 20.62–28.13), Cane Corso (OR 14.66, 95% CI 8.18–26.28), Lhasa Apso (OR 12.37, 95% CI 10.26–14.92) and American Cocker Spaniel (OR 11.57, 95% CI 5.59–23.96). Purebred dogs had 1.43 times the odds (95% CI 1.26–1.63) of PNMG compared with crossbreed dogs. Breeds with brachycephalic skull conformation had 6.71 times the odds (95%CI 5.89–7.64) compared with breeds with mesocephalic skull conformation. Insured dogs had 1.89 times the odds (95% CI 1.65–2.16) compared with uninsured dogs.

Conclusions

This study reports the largest cohort of primary-care PNMG cases assembled to date. The results showing young age at diagnosis along with the breed, purebred and brachycephalic skull conformation predispositions suggest a hereditary involvement in PNMG development. These results may help to guide breeding strategies to reduce the prevalence of PNMG and improve welfare in predisposed individuals.
Emojis predict dropouts of remote workers: An empirical study of emoji usage on GitHub
Authors: Lu Xuan , Ai Wei , Chen Zhenpeng , Cao Yanbin , Mei Qiaozhu
Published: January 2022

Emotions at work have long been identified as critical signals of work motivations, status, and attitudes, and as predictors of various work-related outcomes. When more and more employees work remotely, these emotional signals of workers become harder to observe through daily, face-to-face communications. The use of online platforms to communicate and collaborate at work provides an alternative channel to monitor the emotions of workers. This paper studies how emojis, as non-verbal cues in online communications, can be used for such purposes and how the emotional signals in emoji usage can be used to predict future behavior of workers. In particular, we present how the developers on GitHub use emojis in their work-related activities. We show that developers have diverse patterns of emoji usage, which can be related to their working status including activity levels, types of work, types of communications, time management, and other behavioral patterns. Developers who use emojis in their posts are significantly less likely to dropout from the online work platform. Surprisingly, solely using emoji usage as features, standard machine learning models can predict future dropouts of developers at a satisfactory accuracy. Features related to the general use and the emotions of emojis appear to be important factors, while they do not rule out paths through other purposes of emoji use.