bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contributions of muslim scientists to the 4th industrial revolution
Authors: Wicaksono Hendro
Published: October 2020

The preprint is a presentation about the contributions of Muslim scientists to technology enabling the fourth industrial revolution. First, the presentation illustrates the industrial revolutions and their enabling technologies, and then it focuses on the industry 4.0 technologies by highlighting the history of artificial intelligence. It continues with the flashback of the contributions of scientists from the Islamic Golden Age to technologies used in industry 4.0, such as mechanics, automation, robotics, and IT. The presentation presents the works of Banu Musa, Al-Jazari, and Al-Khawarizm. Then, the presentation gives an overview of the implications of industry 4.0 on business, education, entrepreneurship, and leadership. Finally, the presentation presents the challenges and opportunity of current Muslim scientists and communities in facing the industry 4.0 era.
The Epistemology of Media Effects, and its Status as a Scientific Research Programme
Authors: Coenen Lennert
Published: October 2020

This paper addresses epistemological issues in the area of media effects research. In the first section it is argued that the field hinges on conflicting notions of science and lacks a shared epistemic outlook. The second section tries to address this gap by conceptualizing media effects as a Lakatosian research programme. It is shown that Lakatos’ framework is amenable to describe the history and practices of the field, and that it helps us evaluate the current state of the literature; in particular, it is concluded that effects research resembles a degenerative research programme. The third section of the paper takes this argument as a sign to reconsider how the field operates. Four epistemic commitments for effects scholars are put forward: (1) conduct reproducible and replicable research, (2) establish conceptual definitions, (3) make progressive use of the field’s positive heuristic, and (4) rely on a severe testing account of statistical inference.
Salt-magma interactions influence intrusion distribution and salt tectonics in the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil
Authors: Magee Craig , Pichel Leonardo , Madden-Nadeau Amber , Jackson Christopher , Mohriak Webster
Published: October 2020

Many sedimentary basins host thick evaporite (salt) deposits. Some of these basins also host extensive igneous intrusion networks. It thus seems inevitable that, in some locations, magma will interact with salt. Yet how interaction between these materials may influence salt tectonics or magma emplacement, particularly at the basin-scale, remains poorly understood. We use 3D seismic reflection data from the Santos Basin, offshore Brazil to image igneous intrusions spatially related to thick Aptian salt. We show intra-salt sills are geometrically similar to but laterally offset from supra-salt sills. We suggest ascending magma was arrested by the salt in some areas, but not others, perhaps due to differences in evaporite lithology. Our mapping also reveals most sills occur within and above the pre-salt Merluza Graben, an area characterised by Albian-to-Neogene, salt-detached extension. In adjacent areas, where there are few intrusions, salt deformation was driven by post-Santonian diapir rise. We suggest emplacement of hot magma within evaporites above the Merluza Graben enhanced Albian-to-Santonian salt movement, but that crystallisation of the intrusion network restricted post-Santonian diapirism. Our work indicates salt-magma interaction can influence salt tectonics, as well as the distribution of magma plumbing systems, and thus could impact basin evolution.
India Flood Inventory: Creation of a multi-source national geospatial database to facilitate comprehensive flood research
Authors: Saharia Manabendra , Jain Avish , Baishya Ronit , Haobam Saagar , Sreejith O. P. , Pai D. S. , RafieeiNasab Arezoo
Published: October 2020

Floods are one of the most devastating natural hazards across the world, with India being one of the worst affected countries in terms of fatalities and economic damage. In-depth research is required in order to understand the complex hydrometeorological and geomorphic factors at play and design solutions to minimize the impact of floods. But the existence of a historical inventory of floods is imperative to promote such research endeavors. Though, a few global inventories exist, they lack the spatio-temporal fidelity necessary to make them useful for computational research due to reasons such as concentrating exclusively on large floods, limited temporal scope, non-standard data formats etc. Therefore, there is an urgent need for developing a new database that combines data from global and hitherto-underutilized local datasets using an extensible and common schema. This paper describes the ongoing effort of building the India Flood Inventory (IFI), which is the first freely-available, analysis-ready geospatial dataset over the region with detailed qualitative and quantitative information regarding floods, including spatial extents. The paper outlines the methodology that has been adopted as well as some preliminary findings using the data contained in this inventory. This dataset is expected to advance the understanding of flood processes in the worst affected region of the world.
Building Strong Working Alliances with American Indian Families
Authors: Dykeman Cass , Nelson J. Ron , Appleton Valerie E.
Published: October 2020

A strong working alliance between school and home is essential for positive student outcomes. Such alliances are based on a spirit of respect and a desire for collaboration. Given their unique roles and training, school social workers, counselors, and psychologists play a pivotal role in the formation of a strong school–home alliance. With American Indian families, this alliance can be developed only through a sound understanding of the cultural characteristics of these families. Only through such understanding will stereotypes of American Indian families be replaced by more accurate and positive perspectives. To help school social workers, counselors, and psychologists promote strong school–home working alliances, this article outlines six key cultural characteristics of American Indian families: geographical isolation, cultural heterogeneity, extended family, inclusive role for children, group primacy, and traumatic educational history. In addition, the implications of these characteristics for effective consultative and psychotherapeutic activities are discussed.
Sleep during COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-cultural pilot study
Authors: Florea Cristina , Topalidis Pavlos , Hauser Theresa , Angerer Monika , Kurapov Anton , Leon Carlos Alberto Beltran , Schabus Manuel
Published: October 2020

Our study aimed to assess the change in the sleep patterns during the Coronavirus lockdown in five regions (Austria/Germany, Ukraine, Greece, Cuba and Brazil), using online surveys, translated in each language. Part of the cohort was collected directly during lockdown, to which retrospective cross-sectional data from and after lockdown (retrospective) questionnaires ware added. We investigated sleep times and sleep quality changes from before to during lockdown and found that, during lockdown, participants had (i) worse perceived sleep quality for those who reported to be worried by COVID-19, (ii) a shift of bedtimes to later hours during workdays, and (iii) a sleep loss on free days (resulting from more overall sleep during workdays), leading to (iv) a marked reduction of social jetlag across all cultures.For further analyses we then split the participants by job (system relevant or not) because it was assumed that the nature of the lockdown’s consequences is dependent upon system relevance. System relevant jobs were found to have earlier wake-up times as well as shorter total sleep times on workdays, leading to a higher social jetlag for people in system relevant jobs.Cultural differences revealed a general effect that participants from Greece and Ukraine had later bedtimes (on both work and free days) and wake-up times (on workdays) than Cuba, Brazil and Austria, irrespective of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions.
American Psychology Is Becoming More International, But Too Slowly: Comment on Thalmayer et al. (2020)
Authors: Webster Gregory D. , Mahar Elizabeth , Wongsomboon Val
Published: October 2020

Commenting on Thalmayer et al. (2020), we provide broader analysis of the national institutional affiliations of authors (2,978), editors (286), and consulting editors (2,652) from seven (vs. six) American Psychological Association (APA) journals that span over 40 (vs. 30) years. Using multilevel models, results showed that percentages of lead authors at American institutions decreased linearly and significantly and over time. Predicted mean percentages of American authors were 86% in 1978 versus 54% in 2018, a decrease of 37%. Percentages of editors and consulting editors at American institutions also decreased significantly; however the effect for consulting editors was also quadratic—the linear decline accelerated over time. Predicted mean percentages of American consulting editors at 10-year intervals (1980–2020) were 94%, 92%, 89%, 80%, and 69%. Our 2020 predicted mean of 69% American consulting editors was notably lower than Thalmayer et al.’s (2020) 2018 mean of 82%. In addition, higher-impact journals had more pronounced quadratic declines in the percentages of American consulting editors over time. American psychology continues to become more international, but not quickly enough. We concur with Thalmayer et al.’s (2020) policy proposals, especially that APA journals and their editors should actively pursue non-American associate and consulting editors.
Now you hear me, later you don’t: The Immediacy of Linguistic Computation and the Representation of Speech
Authors: Caplan Spencer , Hafri Alon , Trueswell John
Published: October 2020

(Accepted and In Press at Psychological Science)What happens to the acoustic signal after it enters the mind of a listener? Previous work demonstrates that listeners maintain intermediate representations over time. However, the internal structure of such representations—be they the acoustic-phonetic signal or more general information about the probability of possible categories—remains underspecified. We present two experiments using a novel speaker adaptation paradigm aimed at uncovering the format of speech representations. We exposed adult listeners (N=297) to a speaker whose utterances contained acoustically ambiguous information concerning phones/words and manipulated the temporal availability of disambiguating cues via visually presented text (i.e., presentation before or after each utterance). Results from a traditional phoneme categorization task showed that listeners adapt to a modified acoustic distribution when disambiguating text is provided before the audio, but not after. Results support the position that speech representations consist of activation over categories and are inconsistent with direct maintenance of the acoustic-phonetic signal.
The Perceptual-cognitive Foundation of the Subject-predicate Structure
Authors: Takamatsu Kaoru
Published: October 2020

This article describes a theoretical attempt to found thesubject-predicate structure of declarative sentences on a frameworkof the human perceptual-cognitive system. The basis of this studyis the idea that perception and cognition of events in the worldwould form mental representations in the system , a kind of modelsof the events that embody pieces of information about the events.This idea suggests that such models have structures that correspondto grammatical structures of the linguistic expressions thatrepresent the events and express the pieces of informationembodied by the models. The model structures that correspond tothe subject-predicate structure and logical connectives have beenconstructed within the scope of the computational theory of the system following the way in which the system should functionto form the models of the events. This construction of thestructures entails propositional logic. Application of the structurest o the liar paradox le ads t o a new solution of this paradox .
Aerobic Fitness Relates to Superior Exact and Approximate Arithmetic Processing in College-Aged Adults
Authors: McGowan Amanda L. , Chandler Madison C. , Pontifex Matthew B.
Published: October 2020

Background: Aerobic fitness relates to superior math achievement, but the underlying reasons remain unclear. This study tested how more efficient processing (efficiency hypothesis) or enhanced allocation of cognitive resources (resources hypothesis) underly fitness-related differences in arithmetic cognition in a sample of 138 college-aged adults.Method: Participants completed an arithmetic task while pupillary measures were recorded prior to an aerobic fitness test.Results: Higher aerobic fitness was associated with shorter reaction time for all problems and greater pupillary reactivity for problems requiring approximate and exact arithmetic.Conclusions: Superior aerobic fitness relates to greater cognitive resources available to execute exact and approximate arithmetic faster. Fitness-related differences in math achievement may be driven by the cognitive resources underlying arithmetic strategy. These differences may extend beyond educational achievement and affect the motivation to engage in health behaviors based on quantitative information. Thus, improving cardiovascular fitness has the potential to also ameliorate health numeracy.
Predictors of Symptom Course in Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Conlin William , Sher Kenneth J. , Vergés Alvaro , Hoffman Michaela , Steinley Douglas
Published: October 2020

Objective: Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) has traditionally been viewed as a chronic, progressive, relapsing disorder (Jellinek, 1960; National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2018). However, little is known about the course of individual AUD criteria. To the extent that individual symptoms represent the focus of some treatments (e.g., withdrawal, craving), understanding the course of specific symptoms, and individual differences in symptom course, can inform treatment efforts and future research directions.Method: The current study examined 34,653 participants form Wave 1 (2001-2002) and Wave 2 (2003-2004) of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC; Grant, Moore, & Kaplan, 2003; Grant, Kaplan, and Stinson, 2005), using logistic regression to analyze the extent to which AUD symptom course is predicted by heavy alcohol consumption, family history of alcoholism, and lifetime diagnosis of Conduct Disorder. Results: The course of all AUD symptoms was significantly influenced by all four external criteria, with the magnitude of the prediction varying across different symptoms and different aspects of course. Conclusion: The strength of the relationship appeared to be related to the theoretical proximity of a given predictor to AUD symptomatology, with heavy drinking being the strongest and family history of AUD being the weakest. The course of all AUD symptoms was strongly associated with the prevalence of the given symptom in the overall sample. Future work should include examining the interchangeability of AUD symptoms and considering heavy alcohol consumption as a criterion for AUD diagnosis.
On statistical deficiency: Why the test statistic of the matching method is hopelessly underpowered and uniquely informative
Authors: Nelson Michael Cader
Published: October 2020

The random variate m is, in combinatorics, a basis for comparing permutations, as well as the solution to a centuries-old riddle involving the mishandling of hats. In statistics, m is the test statistic for a disused null hypothesis statistical test (NHST) of association, the matching method. In this paper, I show that the matching method has an absolute and relatively low limit on its statistical power. I do so first by reinterpreting Rae’s theorem (1987), which describes the joint distributions of m with several rank correlation statistics under a true null. I then derive this property solely from m’s unconditional sampling distribution, on which basis I develop the concept of a deficient statistic—a statistic that is insufficient and inconsistent and inefficient with respect to its parameter. Finally, I demonstrate an application for m that makes use of its deficiency to qualify the sampling error in a jointly estimated sample correlation.
Biologically active derivatives of fullerene C60. Current state and development prospects
Authors:   Institute of Organic Synthesis and Coal Chemistry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Fazylov S.D. , Nurkenov О.А. ,   Institute of Organic Synthesis and Coal Chemistry of the Republic of Kazakhstan,   Karaganda State Technical University, Muldakhmetov Z.M. ,   Institute of Organic Synthesis and Coal Chemistry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Gazaliev A.M. ,   Institute of Organic Synthesis and Coal Chemistry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda, Аrinova А.Е. ,   Institute of Organic Synthesis and Coal Chemistry of the Republic of Kazakhstan,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Ibraev M.K. ,   Karaganda State Technical University, Vlasova L.M. ,   Karaganda Medical University, Fazylov A.S. ,   Karaganda State Technical University
Published: October 2020

The article presents literature review on the physicochemical and biological properties of fullerene C60, as well as the authors' own experimental data on the synthesis of fullerene derivatives of amines and natural alkaloids. It is shown that the presence of a fullerene fragment in the structure of the compound provides a significant improvement or the appearance of qualitatively new mechanical, chemical, physical, biological and other properties associated with the manifestation of nanoscale factors. The issues of the relationship of the structure, water solubility and biological activity of fullerene С60 derivatives are considered. Many biologically active effects of various modified derivatives of fullerene C60 are described, which have membrane-active, antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulating, HIV inhibitory enzymes and other properties. It was noted that preparations containing a fullerene fragment are effective against hepatitis C virus, and are also able to efficiently trap free radicals. Derivatives of fullerenes can also be used as antioxidant, neuroprotective and other agents. Particular attention is paid to the authors' own results on the synthesis of amino derivatives of fullerenes.
Study of glycoluril and its derivatives by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Panshina S.Yu. , Ponomarenko O.V. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Bakibaev A.A. ,   National Research Tomsk State University, Malkov V.S. ,   National Research Tomsk State University, Kotelnikov O.A. ,   National Research Tomsk State University, Tashenov A.K. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: October 2020

Bicyclic bisureas, especially 2,4,6,8-tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0.]octan-3,7-dione (glycoluril), have a special place in chemistry of heterocyclic compounds. The carbamide fragment in glycoluril structure determines the properties of the molecule, which are due to the presence of two reaction centers (NH-groups and C=O-groups) in the molecule. In this work, we analyzed the proton and carbon chemical shifts of glycoluril and its derivatives (86 compounds) in the NMR spectra to reveal the effect of the donor-acceptor substituents on the changes in the electron density in the bicyclic framework from the position of symmetry and asymmetry. A general analysis of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of glycolurils makes it possible to accurately determine the spatial configurations of molecular symmetry, in the presence of which (σ1 and / or σ2) the enantiotopic hydrogen and carbon atoms of the bicyclic framework are manifested by equivalent signals. Also, according to the 1H and 13C chemical shifts in the NMR spectra, glycolurils with electron-acceptor substituents can be clearly distinguished by the shielding of carbon atoms of C=O-groups, and with electron-donating substituents by the deshielding of CH-CH-carbons, due to the rearrangement of electron density and the occurrence of local paramagnetic contributions owing to anisotropy.
Study of the kinetics of Bombyx mori chitosan ascorbate formation
Authors:   Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Pirniyazov K.K. , Rashidova S.Sh. ,   Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Published: October 2020

In this work, for the first time, a water-soluble natural biopolymer of chitosan ascorbate based on Bombyx mori chitosan and ascorbic acid was obtained and kinetic features of the process were determined. Samples of chitosan ascorbate were synthesized, the interaction of chitosan with ascorbic acid was studied by analytical titration. The synthesis was carried out in order to determine the activation energy of formation of the reaction of chitosan ascorbate, in the ratio of chitosan and ascorbic acid (4:1) components for 15 minutes with a reaction temperature ranging from 25°C to 65°C. The results of the kinetic studies show that in the interaction under the study the reaction order on ascorbic acid concentration exceeds the reaction order on chitosan concentration, while the reaction activation energy was determined, which equals to 13.38 kJ/mol. This result allows us to conclude that during the formation of chitosan ascorbate at 55 °C the highest equilibrium constant is established, and a further increase in temperature leads to a decrease in the yield and equilibrium constant. The results obtained indicate that with an increase in the concentration of ascorbic acid compared to the one of chitosan, the reaction rate increased almost twice. It was found that with an increase in the reaction time, the average rate of synthesis gradually decreases. This is due to the fact that with an increase in the duration of the reaction in the solution the concentration of unbound (free) ascorbic acid decreases, and as a result, the reaction rate decreases as well.
The use of differential calculation methods for the destruction of copolymers of polyethylene glycol fumarate with the acrylic acid
Authors:   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Burkeev M.Zh. , Sarsenbekova A.Zh. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Bolatbay A.N. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Tazhbaev E.M. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Davrenbekov S.Zh. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Nasikhatuly E. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Zhakupbekova E.Zh. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Muratbekova A.A. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov
Published: October 2020

In this work, the thermal decomposition of copolymers based on polyethylene glycol fumarate with the acrylic acid using various ratios of initial monomers has been studied for the first time. The samples were studied in air and nitrogen. According to the thermograms analysis, it was found that the copolymer sample decomposition begins at higher temperatures for a copolymer with high content of polyester resin. The copolymer is vigorously oxidized by the oxygen when heated in air, and one can observe almost complete sample decomposition, whereas it decomposes with a residue of ~ 15% in an inert medium. The activation energies for copolymers with different compositions were estimated using the differential methods of Freeman-Carroll, Achar and Sharpe-Wentworth. The activation energy values found by the three methods demonstrated a good convergence. It was shown that, the activation energy values are higher (~ 200 kJ/mol in the inert medium, and ~ 95 kJ/mol in the oxygen atmosphere) for a copolymer with a lower composition of polyester resin, and the activation energy is ~180 and ~85 kJ/mol for a copolymer with a greater composition of p-EGF-AA. The copolymer is more thermostable in the nitrogen atmosphere according to the kinetic parameters. Additionally, there were determined the thermodynamic characteristics, such as the Gibbs energy (∆G) and the entropy (∆S). They also confirm the destruction process dependence on the components ratio in the synthesized copolymer.
Extraction-photometric determination of osmium using quaternary water-thiopyrine-trichloroacetic and orthophosphoric acid system
Authors:   Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia, Egorova L.S. , Leites E.A. ,   Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the extraction-photometric determination of osmium. The aim was to modify the well known extraction-photometric determination of osmium by replacing chloroform, used as an organic solvent in a traditional extraction system, on to water, which is the only liquid component in the layering system. This made it possible to eliminate the toxic organic solvent from the system. The optimal conditions for the osmium extraction were selected, taking with the fact that the consumption of thiopyrine, as an expensive reagent, should be minimal. The results of the developed methodology for determining microgram amounts of osmium with thiopyrine were presented by the example of a model mixture corresponding to the composition of a platinum sponge. The interfering effect of Al (lII), B (lII), Bi (IIl), Fe (llI), Au (lII), lr (II), Cd (ll), Co (II), Ca (II), Si ( IV), Mg (II), Mn (II), Cu (Il), Mo (VI), As (V), Ni (lI), Sn (lV), Pd (Il), Rh (II), Pb (II), Ag (I), Sb (IIl), Te (IV), Cr (IlI), Zn (Il) contained in a platinum sponge was investigated. The interfering effect of copper has been established, which is eliminated by masking with ascorbic acid.
Epoxy/TiO2 composite materials and their mechanical properties
Authors:   Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia, Bogdanova L.M. , Lesnichaya V.A. ,   Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia, Volkova N.N. ,   Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia, Shershnev V.A. ,   Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia, Irzhak V.I. ,   Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia, Bukichev Yu.S. ,   Moscow Aviation Insitute (National Research University), Moscow, Russia, Dzhardimalieva G.I. ,   Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia,   Moscow Aviation Insitute (National Research University), Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2020

The physicomechanical properties and thermal stability of epoxy nanocomposites with TiO2 (anatase – 75%, rutile – 25%) nanoparticles were studied. The TiO2/epoxy polymer (TiO2/EP) nanocomposite films were obtained by curing a pre-sonicated mixture of diane-epoxy resin ED-20, 4,4 '- diaminodiphenylmethane and TiO2 nanoparticles using stepwise technique: 90 °С for 3 hours, then 160 °С for 3 hours. Tensile tests were carried out according to American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM D882-10. The average size of TiO2 nanoparticles and microstructure of the obtained nanocomposites were studied by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that addition of the TiO2 nanoparticles at a concentration above 3 wt.% leads to a decrease in tensile strength at break, apparently due to secondary aggregation processes of nanoparticles. During curing, the average diameter of TiO2 nanoparticles increases from 40 nm to 60 nm. An increase in the elastic modulus, a slight increase in the glass transition temperature, and a decrease in the elongation at break of epoxy nanocomposites at a concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles > 1 wt.% indicate an increase in the rigidity of the epoxy matrix. The nanocomposites obtained were shown to be stable at concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles up to 5 wt.% and up to 300 °С in vacuum.
Sorption of heavy metals by humic acids of chestnut soils
Authors:   Shakarim University of Semey, Kazakhstan, Sabitova A.N. , Bayakhmetova B.B. ,   Semey Medical University, Kazakhstan, Mussabayeva B.Kh. ,   Shakarim University of Semey, Kazakhstan, Orazhanova L.K. ,   Shakarim University of Semey, Kazakhstan, Ganiyeva K.G. ,   Shakarim University of Semey, Kazakhstan
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this article is to study the sorption of heavy metals by humic acids of light and dark chestnut soil. The objects of research are the samples of dark and light chestnut soils, selected from an ecologically clean area of East Kazakhstan. Humic acids (HA) were separated from the soil at different pH values. At the same time the yield of HA was 0.075% from dark chestnut soil at pH 1.0, and it was 0.017% from light chestnut at pH=7.0. Further, the dependence of the sorption degree on the medium acidity was established. It was found that zinc and cadmium are better sorbed in a strongly acidic medium (рН1.0; 84.14%), while lead is preferably sorbed at pH 6.0, and the degree of its sorption is higher (93.54%). It was established that metals have a mutual effect, suppressing or enhancing the sorption of each other in bi- and polyelement variants. It was shown that cadmium significantly suppresses lead sorption in neutral media. Zinc more often increases the sorption of both cadmium and lead by 3 times. It was concluded that the binding of heavy metal ions by the organic fraction of the soil occurs due to the complexation with humic acids.
Phenol solutions treatment by using hydrophobized track-etched membranes
Authors:   Institute of Nuclear Physic of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Yeszhanov A.B. , Dosmagambetova S.S. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Published: October 2020

Phenols are one of the most common surface water pollution. The discharge of phenolic waters into water bodies and streams sharply degrade their general sanitary condition, since these compounds have a toxic effect, and phenols can intensively absorb oxygen dissolved in water, which negatively affects the life of organisms in water bodies. Therefore, water treatment of phenols is an important environmental problem. In this study, the hydrophobic polyethylene terephthalate track-etched membranes (PET TeMs) were tested in water treatment from phenol by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). Hydrophobic PET TeMs were obtained by UV-graft polymerization of styrene, triethoxyvinylsilane with the addition of vinylimidazole (VIM), as well as by coating with fluorine-containing silanes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and liquid entry pressure (LEP) analysis were used for membrane characterization. The contact angle after modification of PET TeMs was reached more than 130°. The efficiency of water purification from phenol was evaluated by water-flux measurements and fluorimetric method. The phenols solution was used at a concentration of 0.5, 1 and 2 g/l. The largest permeate flux of hydrophobized membranes was 1.1 kg/ m2•h.
ON THE PROBLEM OF USING NATURAL BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES TO ACTIVATE ARTEMIA EGGS
Authors:   candidate of biological sciences, associate professor of department of Biology and Ecology, Toraighyrov University, Lomov str. 64, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan. E-mail:awupawl@mail. Ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9835-9043, Ubaskin A. V. , Tarasovskaya N. E. ,   E., professor of department of Education program «Biology», Pavlodar State Pedagogical University, Mira str. 60 Pavlodar, Kazakhstan. https://orcid. org/0000-0002-6040-6374, Akhmetov K. I. ,   master of biology, senior lecturer of department of Biology and Ecology, Toraighyrov University, Lomov str. 64, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan. E-mail: kairat_akhmetov@mail. Ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-4023;, Lunkov A. I. ,   engineer, Toraighyrov University, Lomov str. 64, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan. E-mail: al67kz@mail. ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5146-0897
Published: October 2020

. Currently branchiopod from the genus of Artemia Leach, 1819 became the common starting feed №1 for growing young aquatic organisms. However, there is often reduced hatching of nauplius from the collected eggs and artificial activation is required. As a result of empirical research, it was possible to experimentally detect the activating effect of excretion products – diluted adult urine. The research was carried out in several stages. It was found that the rate of germination growth for different populations ranges from 0, 2 to 0, 6% per day. In the first experiment, cysts with 24% of hatching were placed in a solution of lake water diluted with urine to a concentration of 105 g/l. After two weeks, the outage reached 66. 7 % and exceeded the control 2.55 times. But over time, the activity of the embryos decreased and by the end of April, the hatching reached zero. By using eggs from the 1st experiment with 66. 9% hatching in a fresh solution of «lake water + urine» (105 g / l) on the first day, the hatching exceeded the control by 52. 1% and by 23.7% the data from experiment 1.Later, when 80.8% were hatched, a large number of weakened and dead nauplius was observed. In the third experiment, spring egg with a hatching rate of 36. 7% was used. Different salinity concentrations (110-140 g/l) were used due to dilution of lake water (233 g/l) with urine and fresh water. When activated in a solution with a salinity of 110 g/l after one month, the discharge exceeded the control by 1. 65 times. At the end of the experiments, an increase in the salt concentration reduced the activating effect with a slight decrease in hatching. The mechanisms of activating action of the components of the proposed liquid folds the physiological effects of steroid hormone metabolites on the formation of the larva in the egg and the destructive physical and chemical effects of a number of substances on the egg shell. For complex activation of the development of the embryo with the destruction of egg’s shells, savings are achieved in the plastic and energy substances available in the egg, preserving the nutritional value of nauplius.
ESTIMATED BREEDING VALUES OF SERVICING BULLS OF THE HOLSTEIN BLACK-AND-WHITE BREED BY QUALITY OF OFFSPRING USING THE BLUP METHOD
Authors:   Master in veterinary science, Head of the Department of Breeding and Cattle Breeding of the Kazakh Research Institute of Animal Breeding and Fodder Production, Tel: +77073088082, E-mail: kano_zh@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8400-4073, Zhumanov K.Zh. , Karymsakov T.N. ,   Candidate of agricultural sciences, deputy general director of the Kazakh Research Institute of Animal Breeding and Fodder Production. Tel: +7 7014087167. E-mail: kartalgat@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000- 0003-4398-8840, Kineev M.A. ,   Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, scientific adviser of the Kazakh Research Institute of Animal Breeding and Fodder Production. Tel: +77058732834, E.mail: k_maratAK@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-6160, Baimukanov A.D. ,   master degree student of the Department of Breeding and Feeding of Farm Animals, Faculty of Zootechnics and Biology, Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, Moscow, Russia E-mail: aidartaidar98@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9669-864X
Published: October 2020

The aim of the research was to estimate the breeding value of the servicing bulls of the Holstein black-and-white breed according to the optimized equation of the mixed BLUP model. Within a comparative aspect, the estimation results of bulls calculated using the BLUP methodology are presented. As an object of the research, information was used on first-calf heifers (daughters of the evaluated bulls), who lactated in breeding herds of the Holstein cattle of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2016-2017. The source was the official information analytical system (IAS) of livestock breeding of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis of information on the dairy productivity of the cows-daughters of the estimated bulls was performed according to the indicators of the milk yield, the contents of fat and protein in milk, the milk fat and protein yield for 305 days of lactation and the study period. To compare the obtained results, the average values of breeding value indices, the reliability of their assessment, and the rank correlation coefficients were calculated
ON THE NEED TO DEVELOP TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRODUCING BIOPLASTICS IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   First co-author for correspondence. Associate Professor. Doctor of Biological Sciences. Head of Laboratory. Republican State Enterprise «Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology», Committee of Sciences, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan, e.mail: gen_uteulink@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000- 0002-5459-0902, Uteulin K.R. , Zambakin K.Z. ,   Professor. Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Director General of Republican State Enterprise «Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology», Committee of Sciences, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan, zhambakin@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0001- 5243-145X
Published: October 2020

This article is published with a purpose to draw attention to the need to initiate in Kazakhstan the development of technologies for producing bioplastics from Kazakhstan’s own renewable plant resources. Every year, Kazakhstan generates hundreds of thousands of tons of plastic waste based on synthetic polymers traditionally produced from petrochemical raw material. Among them are bottles, packaging and bags. For example, in 2019 alone, plastic waste amounted to over 480 thousand tons. 15 companies, including two plastic processing plants, are not capable to cope with this amount of garbage. More than 18 million plastic bags are discarded in Kazakhstan every day, contaminating the environment. Since only about 9% of the plastic produced is recycled, the remaining part either contaminates the environment or is damped where the complete decomposition takes up to 500 years, releasing toxic substances into the soil in the mean time. The production of bioplastics and bioplastics-based products that will decompose in a short time (few months) will reduce the use of synthetic plastic products the decomposition of which is extremely slowly from 100 up to 500 years. Petroleum-based plastic is a real threat as a source of environmental pollution. Kazakhstan is taking measures to reduce environmental pollution. Starting in 2025 it is planned to introduce a complete ban on the realization of petroleum-based food packaging (bags). It is necessary to develop technologies for producing biodegradable polymers from renewable biological resources to replace petroleum-based plastic, reduce environmental pollution and increase global sustainability. There is a need for initiation of the research work on bioplastics in Kazakhstan.
INFLUENCE ON HOMEOSTASIS AS THE CRITERION FOR SELECTING SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS FOR THE STUDY OF METABOLIC SYNDROM IN THE KAZAKH POPULATION
Authors:   Аcаdemiciаn of NАS RК, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Benberin V.V. ,   https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7286-1593, Voshchenkova T.A. ,   Master of Business Administration; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0935-6217, Nagymtayeva A.A. ,   Candidate of Medical Sciences, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9139-7431, Sibagatova A.S. ,   Master in Health Care Management, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6399-3810, Akhmetova K.M. ,   Master in Preventive Medicine, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7500-4813, Makhmutova A.N. ,   Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor of Chemistry, https://orcid.org/0000-0003- 0618-8545
Published: October 2020

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is increasingly cited as the world's leading health risk. The sequence of events toward multimorbidity in most cases passes through MS. According to the research, MS heritability ranges from 23 to 27% in Europeans, and 51 to 60% in Asians. The purpose of the review: to form a strategy for the selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the study of MS in the Kazakh population based on the effect of SNPs on homeostasis indicators The stable symptom complex of MS is a complicated dynamic system of successive accumulations of dysmetabolic disorders of homeostasis. This system starts the development of subsequent age-associated diseases), such as cardiometabolic, neurodegenerative, and malignant neoplasms. The system for selecting SNPs for the MS study, proposed on the basis of the concept of homeostasis dysfunction, assumes, in conditions of limited resources, to see the greatest level of their influence within the conditional framework of three genetic models of homeostasis dysregulation: insulin resistance , oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. This approach is fundamentally different from the traditional approach involving candidate genes. It is expected that scientific research in this direction will contribute not only to the understanding of general biological processes, but also to the targeted search for genetic determinants and for new opportunities for personalized interventions.
SCIENTIFIC JUSTIFICATION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTEGRATED MODEL OF RAPID TESTING FOR HIV-INFECTION AMONG KEY POPULATIONS OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   PhD student, Kazakhstan School of public Health, Almaty, Kazakhstan, karlygash-2303@mail.ru, Alibayeva K. O. ,   https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5803-7012, Baiserkin B. S. ,   Doctor of medical sciences, Director of Kazakh scientific center of dermatology and infectious diseases of the Ministry of health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Allmaty; info@kncdiz.kz; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9702-3951, Saparbekov M. K. ,   Doctor of medical sciences, professor, Kazakhstan School of public Health, Almaty, Kazakhstan; msaparbekov@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4101-572X
Published: October 2020

In the pipeline justify scientifically the approached on the integration of the primary health care and the Service for AIDS prevention and control when rendering services on rapid testing among key populations. It is noted that methodological basis for integration of the measures in case of HIV-infection with PHC was WHO / UNAIDS strategy "90-90-90", in which it is stated that for effective reaction to and prevention of the spread of HIV infection among key populations, it is recommended to implement an integrated set of measures including diagnosis, treatment and care connected with HIV-infection. It is noted that the integration of primary health care among key populations is carried out within the scope of the statutory free medical assistance (SFMA) and the compulsory health insurance system (CHIS). Rapid testing, pre-and post-test consulting for HIV infection, hepatitis, and STD of key populations when integrating with PHC is carried out in medical organizations, clinics, drop-in centres (DS), people-friendly offices (PFO), NGOs with the involvement of social workers and outreach workers. The integrated activities foresee social support that shall provide access both to medical and psychosocial support services for the key populations.
THE ROLE OF THE WELL WATERS OF THE MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA AHMED YASAVI IN THE FORMATION OF SALTS
Authors:   Doctor of technical sciences, Professor, Director of the Scientific Research Institute of ", Akbasova А.D. ,   Ecology",   at Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-4647, Aubakirov N.P. ,   Phd student, Kazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7340-2735, Anarbekova G.D. ,   Candidate of Biological Sciences, Head of the Department of Ecology, Kazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty, https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-9424-2913, Sainova G.А. ,   Doctor of technical sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher of the Scientific Research Institute of "Ecology" at Khoja Akhmet Yassaw International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkistan, e-mail: ecolog_kz@mail.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0709-7453
Published: October 2020

The work is devoted to the study of the chemical composition of well waters located on the territory of the mausoleum complex of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi. On the basis of experimental studies, the salinity of well waters increases every year. It is especially different in 2019 when, compared to the previous 10 years (2009-2018), there was a sharp increase in the total salt content by 1,5 times in the inner well and about 2,3 times in the outer well. The reason for this is the intense pollution of atmospheric air, soil, plants and other environmental objects due to an increase in the volume of construction work resulting from this waste, the number of servicing vehicles and the emergence of a number of new anthropogenic factors. The article also considers data from the Kazhydromet of the Republic of Kazakhstan that characterize changes in natural and climatic conditions, exactly, the amount of precipitation by month. Based on the calculated data, we have shown that water evaporation is 4-5 times higher than the amount of precipitation in the region. As a result of evaporation, moisture rises through the capillaries and is further saturated with salts found in building materials. Further, the formed saturated salt solution, undergoing various transformations, such as crystallization, contributes to the formation of salt deposits on the surface of the foundation materials and further walls. This negative phenomenon is one of the factors that lead to a decrease in the stability and safety of the architectural monument.
SİVAS’IN DOĞAL VE KÜLTÜREL KAYNAKLARININ EKOTURİZM POTANSİYELİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: BOZKURT Selvinaz Gülçin
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Sivas ili ve ilçelerinin doğal ve kültürel varlıklarının ekoturizm açısından potansiyelinin belirlenmesi, mevcut durumunun ortaya konularak, tarihi-kültürel çevre koruma ve turizm planlaması kapsamında önerilerin geliştirilmesidir. Bu amaçla alanın sahip olduğu doğal ve kültürel değerler saptanarak, bu değerlerle ilgili sorun ve olanaklar ortaya konulmuş ve ekoturizm kapsamında öneriler geliştirilmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle Sivas’ın doğal ve kültürel varlıklarının bir envanteri çıkarılmış, ardından belirlenen envanter ile ilgili SWOT analizi uygulanarak alanın eko turizm uygulamaları açısından potansiyeli değerlendirilmiştir. İnceleme sonuçlarına göre; bölgedeki kültürel ve doğal kaynakların ekoturizm açısından önemli bir potansiyel taşıdığı tespit edilmiştir. Ancak alanın bu konuda öncü kurum ve kuruluşlar tarafından desteklenmemesi, yeterli tanıtımının yapılmaması, yerel halkın bu konuda yeterince bilinçli olmaması ve ilçelerde eko-turistler için uygun konaklama alanlarının bulunmayışı alanı ekoturizm açısından olumsuz yönde etkileyen faktörler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle çalışma kapsamında bu yöndeki eksikliklerin giderilmesi ve alandaki ekoturizm kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirlik kapsamında, ekolojik dengeye zarar vermeden kullanımına yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.