bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of a β-Carboline Alkaloid from Chemoselectively Derived Vanilla Bean Extract and Its Prevention of Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Human Hepatocytes (HepG2)
Authors: Dibwe Dya Fita , Takeishi Nire , Oba Saki , Sakurai Akiko , Sakurai Toshihiro , Tsukui Takayuki , Chiba Hitoshi , Hui Shu-Ping
Published: December 2023

Targeting bioactive compounds to prevent lipid droplet accumulation in the liver, we explored an antioxidative extract from vanilla bean (Vainilla planifolia) after chemo-selective derivatization through heating and acid modification. The chemical analysis of vanilla bean extract through chemoselective derivatization resulted in the identification of sixteen compounds (34–50) using LC-MS/MS analysis. A β-carboline alkaloid with a piperidine C-ring and a vanillin moiety at C-1 (34) was identified by molecular networking and diagnostic fragmentation filtering approaches. β-carboline alkaloid 34 exhibited significant inhibitory activity of lipid droplet accumulation (LDAI) in oleic acid-loaded hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. The LDAI activity was associated with both activation of lipolysis and suppression of lipogenesis in the cells. The study indicates that crude plant extracts, following chemoselective derivatization, may contain bioactive compounds that could be beneficial in preventing hepatosteatosis and could serve as a source of lead compounds for drug development. This approach may be useful to investigate other mixtures of natural products and food resources.
Study of the Mechanism of Astragali Radix in Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Renal Protection Based on Enzyme Activity, Network Pharmacology, and Experimental Verification
Authors: Li Chunnan , Zhang Kaiyue , Liu Lu , Shen Jiaming , Wang Yuelong , Tan Yiying , Feng Xueqin , Liu Wanjie , Zhang Hui , Sun Jiaming
Published: December 2023

Astragali Radix (AR) is a common Chinese medicine and food. This article aims to reveal the active role of AR in treating Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its renal protective mechanism. The hypoglycemic active fraction was screened by α-glucosidase and identified by UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS spectrometry. The targets and KEGG pathway were determined through the application of network pharmacology methodology. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation technology were used for virtual verification. Subsequently, a mouse model of T2DM was established, and the blood glucose and renal function indexes of the mice after administration were analyzed to further prove the pharmacodynamic effect and mechanism of AR in the treatment of T2DM. HA was determined as the best hypoglycemic active fraction by the α-glucosidase method, with a total of 23 compounds identified. The main active components, such as calycoside-7-O-β-D-glucoside, methylnisoline, and formononetin, were revealed by network pharmacology. In addition, the core targets and the pathway have also been determined. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation techniques have verified that components and targets can be well combined. In vivo studies have shown that AR can reduce blood sugar levels in model mice, enhance the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of kidney tissue, and alleviate kidney damage in mice. And it also has regulatory effects on proteins such as RAGE, PI3K, and AKT. AR has a good therapeutic effect on T2DM and can repair disease-induced renal injury by regulating the RAGE/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This study provides ideas for the development of new drugs or dietary interventions for the treatment of T2DM.
Sexually Transmitted Infections in Male Patients with Urethritis
Authors: Llaca-Díaz Jorge , Medina-Loredo Victoria , Huerta-López Dayra , Casillas-Vega Néstor
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) in men are a significant public health problem due to the consequences they can have, such as chronic diseases, infertility, cancer, and even death. This study aimed to determine the frequency of microorganisms associated with STIs in men with urethritis attending urology consultations, and to explore their clinical correlations. (2) Methods: A population that attended the urology consultation of the University Hospital “Dr. José E. González” was studied. Written consent was obtained, and interviews and clinical history were conducted about specific risk factors identifying signs and symptoms associated with any genitourinary condition; after that, urine samples were collected. Identification of C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, U. urealyticum, and M. genitalium was based on amplifying species-specific DNA fragments. (3) Results: A total of 200 patients were included. The mean age was 55 years (20–95). According to the interviews, only 32.5% (n = 65) had received prior sex education. Additionally, 75% (n = 150) do not usually use any protection during sexual intercourse. Regarding clinical factors, 69.4% (n = 138) presented burning or pain when urinating. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of C. trachomatis to be 9.5% (n = 19), with U. urealyticum at 13% (n = 26), and M. genitalium at 2% (n = 4). (4) Conclusions: This is the most extensive molecular epidemiological study of the frequency of STIs in men in Mexico in third-level care and its association with different risk factors. As reported globally, a similar frequency of C. trachomatis, U. urealyticum, and M. genitalium was detected.
Physical and Technological Aspects of Laser-Induced Damage of ZGP Single Crystals under Periodically Pulsed Laser Irradiation at 2.1 μm
Authors: Yudin Nikolay Yudin N. , Dyomin Victor , Gribenyukov Alexander , Antipov Oleg , Khudoley Andrei , Kinyaevskiy Igor O. , Zinovev Mikhail , Podzyvalov Sergey , Kuznetsov Vladimir , Slyunko Elena , Lysenko Alexey , Kalsin Andrey , Eranov Ilya , Baalbaki Houssain
Published: December 2023

The nonlinear properties of zinc germanium diphosphide (ZGP) crystals enable their applications in powerful mid-IR optical parametric oscillators and second-harmonic generators. This paper summarizes the mechanisms of the laser-induced damage (LID) of high-purity ZGP crystals under periodically pulsed nanosecond irradiation by a Ho3+:YAG laser at 2.1 μm. The ZGP samples were manufactured by “LOC” Ent., Tomsk, Russia, or the Harbin Institute of Technology, China. The impact of processing techniques and the post-growing methods for polishing and anti-reflective coatings on the LID threshold are discussed. The importance of the defect structure of the crystal lattice and the parameters of transparent coatings for increasing the LID threshold are also discussed. The impact of the test laser parameters on the LID threshold and the transient area near the LID threshold obtained using digital holography are analyzed. The influence of the pre-damage processes on the optical parametric oscillations is reported. Lastly, the prospects for improving ZGP crystals to further increase the LID threshold are discussed.
Dual Benefits of Hydrogel Remediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Water or Soil and Promotion of Vegetable Growth under Cadmium Stress
Authors: Huang Jin , Gotoh Takehiko , Nakai Satoshi , Ueda Akihiro
Published: December 2023

This study aims to solve the problem of cadmium heavy metal ion pollution caused by the abuse of chemical fertilizers and activities such as mining, which pose a serious threat to the plant growth environment. We successfully synthesized DMAPAA (N-(3-(Dimethyl amino) propyl) acrylamide)/DMAPAAQ (N, N-Dimethyl amino propyl acrylamide, methyl chloride quaternary) hydrogels via free radical polymerization. Subsequently, we conducted experiments on this hydrogel for growing vegetables under cadmium stress conditions in aqueous solutions and soil. The cadmium capture capacity of DMAPAA/DMAPAAQ hydrogels under different cadmium ion concentrations and pH values was evaluated by using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP). The research results show that under the condition of pH = 7.3, the cadmium capture capacity of DMAPAA/DMAPAAQ hydrogels is the greatest. We used the Langmuir model to fit the adsorption data, and the correlation coefficient was as high as 0.96, indicating that the model fits well. The application of the hydrogels promoted the growth of vegetables in soil under cadmium stress conditions. The results showed that when the added amount of hydrogel was 4%, the dry weight of the vegetables was the largest. In addition, when the added amount of cadmium was 500 mg/kg and the added amount of hydrogel was 4%, the absorption of cadmium by the vegetables decreased to an undetectable level. In summary, the hydrogel successfully synthesized in this study can be effectively used to immobilize cadmium ions in soil while positively promoting the growth and yield of vegetables. This achievement has practical significance for solving the problem of heavy metal ion pollution.
Development of a Genome-Informed Protocol for Detection of Pseudomonas amygdali pv. morsprunorum Using LAMP and PCR
Authors: Díaz Daniela , Zamorano Alan , García Héctor , Ramos Cecilia , Cui Weier , Carreras Claudia , Beltrán María Francisca , Sagredo Boris , Pinto Manuel , Fiore Nicola
Published: December 2023

One of the causal agents of bacterial canker is Pseudomonas amygdali pv. morsprunorum—Pam (formerly Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum). Recently detected in Chile, Pam is known to cause lesions in the aerial parts of the plant, followed by more severe symptoms such as cankers and gummosis in the later stages of the disease. This study presents the design of PCR and LAMP detection methods for the specific and sensitive identification of Pseudomonas amygdali pv. morsprunorum (Pam) from cherry trees. Twelve Pseudomonas isolates were collected, sequenced, and later characterized by Multi-locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA) and Average Nucleotide Identity by blast (ANIb). Three of them (11116B2, S1 Pam, and S2 Pam) were identified as Pseudomonas amygdali pv. morsprunorum and were used to find specific genes through RAST server, by comparing their genome with that of other Pseudomonas, including isolates from other Pam strains. The effector gene HopAU1 was selected for the design of primers to be used for both techniques, evaluating sensitivity and specificity, and the ability to detect Pam directly from plant tissues. While the PCR detection limit was 100 pg of purified bacterial DNA per reaction, the LAMP assays were able to detect up to 1 fg of purified DNA per reaction. Similar results were observed using plant tissues, LAMP being more sensitive than PCR, including when using DNA extracted from infected plant tissues. Both detection methods were tested in the presence of 30 other bacterial genera, with LAMP being more sensitive than PCR.
Macaronesian Plants as Promising Biopesticides against the Crop Pest Ceratitis capitata
Authors: Tavares Wilson R. , Jiménez Ignacio A. , Oliveira Luísa , Kuhtinskaja Maria , Vaher Merike , Rosa José S. , Seca Ana M. L. , Bazzocchi Isabel L. , Barreto Maria do Carmo
Published: December 2023

Ceratitis capitata is responsible for significant economic losses in the fruit production industry, and the market lacks biopesticides that are effective but also cheaper and less contaminating, with fewer negative impacts on the environment. In this regard, the present study suggests as potential options ethanolic extracts from several Macaronesian plants, which inhibit the oviposition and are toxic to C. capitata, and whose preparation involve a non-toxic solvent (i.e., ethanol), low energy expenditure and cheap apparatus (i.e., maceration at room temperature). Among the evaluated species, the extracts of Hedychium gardnerianum, Cistus symphytifolius and Salvia canariensis are the most active (50 mg/mL), revealing an increase in C. capitata adults’ mortality from 21.15% to 27.41% after 72 h, a value statistically identical to azadirachtin (25.93%) at the recommended concentration (0.88 mg/mL). Considering the quantity and biomass available to prepare a biopesticide in the future, and the level of activity, the ethanolic extract of H. gardnerianum was fractionated and each fraction tested. The water fraction at 50 mg/mL proved to be more effective than the original extract, both in terms of mortality (57.69%), with LT50 = 72.5 h, and oviposition deterrence (83.43%), values statistically higher than those obtained by azadirachtin at 0.88 mg/mL. Analysis of this fraction by HPLC-MS/MS showed that it is mainly composed of glycosylated derivatives of quercetin and myricetin in addition to some triterpenes. These findings highlight some Macaronesian species, and in particular, the more polar fraction of H. gardnerianum ethanolic extract, as promising and ecological alternatives to conventional insecticides, for use in the integrated management of the C. capitata pest.
Pathogen Eradication in Garlic in the Phytobiome Context: Should We Aim for Complete Cleaning?
Authors: Yarmus Itay , Gelbart Dana , Shemesh-Mayer Einat , Teper Doron Dov , Ment Dana , Faigenboim Adi , Peters Ross , Kamenetsky-Goldstein Rina
Published: December 2023

Global food production is challenged by plant pathogens that cause significant crop losses. Fungi, bacteria, and viruses have long threatened sustainable and profitable agriculture. The danger is even higher in vegetatively propagated horticultural crops, such as garlic. Currently, quarantine, rouging infected plants, and control of natural vectors are used as the main means of disease and pest control in garlic crops. Agricultural biotechnology, meristem-tip culture, and cryotherapy offer solutions for virus eradication and for the multiplication of ‘clean stocks’, but at the same time, impact the symbiotic and beneficial components of the garlic microbiome. Our research involves the first metatranscriptomic analysis of the microbiome of garlic bulb tissue, PCR analyses, and a biological assay of endophytes and pathogens. We have demonstrated that in vitro sanitation methods, such as shoot tip culture or cryotherapy can alter the garlic microbiome. Shoot tip culture proved ineffective in virus elimination, but reduced bacterial load and eliminated fungal infections. Conversely, cryotherapy was efficient in virus eradication but demolished other components of the garlic microbiome. Garlic plants sanitized by cryotherapy exhibited a lower survival rate, and a longer in vitro regeneration period. The question arises whether total eradication of viruses, at the expense of other microflora, is necessary, or if a partial reduction in the pathogenic load would suffice for sanitized garlic production. We explore this question from both scientific and commercial perspectives.
Drought-Stress-Induced Changes in Chloroplast Gene Expression in Two Contrasting Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo L.) Genotypes
Authors: Martins João , Neves Mariana , Canhoto Jorge
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the effect of drought stress on the expression of chloroplast genes in two different genotypes (A1 and A4) of strawberry tree plants with contrasting performances. Two-year-old plants were subjected to drought (20 days at 18% field capacity), and the photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll content, and expression levels of 16 chloroplast genes involved in photosynthesis and metabolism-related enzymes were analyzed. Genotype-specific responses were prominent, with A1 displaying wilting and leaf curling, contrasting with the mild symptoms observed in A4. Quantification of damage using the net CO2 assimilation rates and chlorophyll content unveiled a significant reduction in A1, while A4 maintained stability. Gene expression analysis revealed substantial downregulation of A1 (15 out of 16 genes) and upregulation of A4 (14 out of 16 genes). Notably, psbC was downregulated in A1, while it was prominently upregulated in A4. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) highlighted genotype-specific clusters, emphasizing distinct responses under stress, whereas a correlation analysis elucidated intricate relationships between gene expression, net CO2 assimilation, and chlorophyll content. Particularly, a positive correlation with psaB, whereas a negative correlation with psbC was found in genotype A1. Regression analysis identified potential predictors for net CO2 assimilation, in particular psaB. These findings contribute valuable insights for future strategies targeting crop enhancement and stress resilience, highlighting the central role of chloroplasts in orchestrating plant responses to environmental stressors, and may contribute to the development of drought-tolerant plant varieties, which are essential for sustaining agriculture in regions affected by water scarcity.
Assessment of Chemical Composition and In Vitro Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anticholinesterase and Microbial Virulence-Quenching Effects of Salad Burnet (Sanguisorba minor L.) Harvested from Algeria
Authors: Haouam Chahrazed , Boudiba Sameh , Tamfu Alfred Ngenge , Kucukaydin Selcuk , Hanini Karima , Zohra Haouaouchi Fatma , Hioun Soraya , Botezatu Andreea Dediu , Ceylan Özgür , Boudiba Louiza , Duru Mehmet Emin , Dinica Rodica Mihaela
Published: December 2023

Sanguisorba minor is a medicinal vegetable used in seasoning desserts, juices, and beverages. An evaluation of the total flavonoid, phenolic, tannin and anthocyanin contents indicated that these classes of compounds are distributed variably in the different fractions. In summary, the HPLC-DAD analyses enabled the identification and quantification of thirteen phenolic compounds in an ethyl acetate extract (EAE), nine in a dichloromethane extract (DCME), seven in an aqueous extract (AQE) and four in a butanol extract (BE). Rutin was the most abundant phenolic compound in the BE (278.4 ± 1.20 µg/g) and AQE (32.87 ± 0.23 µg/g) fractions, while apigenin was the most abundant in the DCME (84.75 ± 0.60 µg/g) and EAE (156.8 ± 0.95 µg/g) fractions. The presence of phenolic compounds in the fractions conferred good antioxidant capacity, especially the EAE and DCME fractions, which both exhibited higher antioxidant effects than BHA and α-tocopherol in DPPH• and CUPRAC assays. Additionally, in the ABTS•+ assay, EAE (IC50 = 9.27 ± 0.33 µg/mL) was more active than α-tocopherol (IC50 = 35.50 ± 0.55 µg/mL), and BHA (IC50 = 12.70 ± 0.10 µg/mL). At 200 µg/mL, the fractions inhibited acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as well as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, indicating that they can slow neurodegeneration and hyperglycemia. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.312 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL, and fractions showed good biofilm inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extracts exhibited good violacein inhibition in Chromobacterium violaceum CV12472 and Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, despite the supply of external acyl-homoserine lactone to CV026. The antioxidant, quorum-sensing, antibiofilm and enzyme inhibition attributes indicate the potential for the application of S. minor as a food preservative.
Low-Energy-Consumption Wastewater Evaporation Using Single-Electrode High-Voltage Electric Field Enhancement
Authors: Liu Haiting , Xu Zhiming , Zhang Junqi
Published: December 2023

High energy consumption is a pressing issue in the development of wastewater evaporation technologies. In this paper, a low-energy-consumption approach utilizing single-electrode high-voltage electric field-enhanced evaporation is proposed. Experimental studies were conducted on the evaporation process of adhered liquid droplets in a single-electrode high-voltage electric field environment. The influence of the electric field on the liquid surface morphology and evaporation modes was analyzed, and the effects of droplet salt concentration, ambient temperature, and voltage on droplet evaporation were investigated. The results indicate that the evaporation enhancement effect of a high-voltage single electrode on droplets mainly occurs when the gas–liquid interface of droplets is unstable. At a voltage of 8 kV, evaporation occurs on the droplet surface, reducing the evaporation time by 5.3% compared to no-electric-field conditions. Furthermore, the effect of the single-electrode high-voltage electric field on droplet evaporation weakens with increasing temperature and salt concentration.
Elasticity and Viscoelasticity Imaging Based on Small Particles Exposed to External Forces
Authors: Koruk Hasan , Pouliopoulos Antonios N.
Published: December 2023

Particle-mediated elasticity/viscoelasticity imaging has the potential to expand the elasticity imaging field, as it can provide accurate and local tissue elastic properties as well as density and viscosity. Here, we investigated elasticity imaging based on small particles located within the tissue and at the tissue interface exposed to static/dynamic external loads. First, we discuss elasticity/viscoelasticity imaging methods based on the use of particles (bubbles and rigid spheres) placed within the tissue. Elasticity/viscoelasticity imaging techniques based on the use of particles (bubbles, rigid, and soft spheres) located at the tissue interface are then presented. Based on new advances, we updated some of the models for the responses of the particles placed within the tissue and at the tissue interface available in the literature. Finally, we compared the mathematical models for the particles located within the tissue and at the tissue interface and evaluated the elasticity/viscoelasticity imaging methods based on the use of small particles. This review summarized the methods for measuring the elasticity and viscosity of material using particles exposed to external forces. Remote viscoelasticity imaging can be used to improve material characterization in both medical and industrial applications and will have a direct impact on our understanding of tissue properties or material defects.
Reliability Evaluation of Cabled Active Distribution Network Considering Multiple Devices—A Generalized MILP Model
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Wang Bo , Ma Hengrui , He Yifan , Wang Yiwei , Xue Zichun
Published: December 2023

With the rapid development of power electronic equipment, the automation and intelligence level of active distribution networks (ADNs) continues to improve. Against this background, soft open points (SOPs) are gradually replacing traditional segmented switches and interconnection switches. The voltage support capability and fast response characteristics of SOPs can shorten power outage time and expand load recovery range. However, the widespread integration of distributed renewable energy and new power electronic devices has made the fault characteristics of ADNs more complex, significantly increasing the computational complexity of ADN reliability assessment. At present, there are few studies that comprehensively consider ADNs with multiple devices. Therefore, this paper proposes a reliability evaluation method for ADNs that considers multiple devices. Firstly, the impact of circuit breakers, SOPs, and segmented switches on the load recovery process is analyzed. Secondly, an improved virtual fault flow model based on the action mechanisms of circuit breakers, SOPs, and segmented switches is established. The virtual fault flow is represented by logical variables to simulate post fault network reconstruction strategies that include circuit breaker tripping, SOP power supply recovery, and segmented switch isolation actions. Then, with the goal of minimizing the system average outage time after network reconstruction, a generalized mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is given. Finally, taking the IEEE 33-node testing system as a case, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are demonstrated.
Optimum Design of Naphtha Recycle Isomerization Unit with Modification by Adding De-Isopentanizer
Authors: Osman Walaa S. , Fadel Asmaa E. , Salem Shazly M. , Shoaib Abeer M. , Gadallah Abdelrahman G. , Bhran Ahmed A.
Published: December 2023

Environmental standards have recently imposed very rigorous limitations on the amounts of benzene, aromatics, and olefins, which can be found in finished gasoline. Reduction of these components could negatively affect the octane number of gasoline, so the isomerization process is gaining importance in the present refining context as an excellent safe alternative to increase the octane number of gasoline. The main aim of the naphtha isomerization unit is to modify the molecular structure of light naphtha to transform it into a more valuable gasoline blend stock, and simultaneously the benzene content is reduced by saturation of the benzene fraction. In this work, Aspen HYSYS version 12.1 is used to simulate the hydrogen once-through isomerization unit of an Egyptian refinery plant, located in Alexandria, in order to determine the properties, composition, and octane number of the isomerate product. Many potential changes are investigated in order to find the best design that efficiently raises octane number with the least amount of expense. Firstly, the plant is modified by adding one fractionator either before or after the reactor, then by adding two fractionators before and after the reactor; then the configuration which gives the highest product octane number with the highest Return on Investment (ROI) is chosen as the recommended optimum configuration. The results show that using two fractionators before and after the reactor is the best configuration. Optimization of this best configuration resulted in an increase in octane number by 7% and a decrease in the total cost by 13%.
Editorial Topical Collection: “Explainable and Augmented Machine Learning for Biosignals and Biomedical Images”
Authors: Ieracitano Cosimo , Mahmud Mufti , Doborjeh Maryam , Lay-Ekuakille Aimé
Published: December 2023

Machine learning (ML) is a well-known subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) that aims at developing algorithms and statistical models able to empower computer systems to automatically adapt to a specific task through experience or learning from data [...]
A Miniature Eight-Port Antenna Array Based on Split-Ring Resonators for 5G Sub-6 GHz Handset Applications
Authors: Huang Jianlin , Shen Lingrong , Xiao Shanshan , Shi Xiaojing , Liu Gui
Published: December 2023

In this article, a miniature eight-port multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array is proposed for fifth-generation (5G) sub-6 GHz handset applications. The individual antenna element comprises a radiator shaped like the Chinese character “王” (phonetically represented as “Wang”) and three split-ring resonators (SRR) on the metal frame. The size of the individual antenna element is only 6.8 × 7 × 1 mm3 (47.6 mm3). The proposed antenna element has a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 1.7 GHz (from 3.3 GHz to 5 GHz) that can cover 5G New Radio (NR) sub-6 GHz bands N77 (3.3–4.2 GHz), N78 (3.3–3.8 GHz), and N79 (4.4–5 GHz). The evolution design, the current distribution, the effects of single-handed holding, and the analysis of the parameters are deduced to study the approach used to design the featured antenna. The measured total efficiencies are from 40% to 80%, the isolation is better than 12 dB, the calculated envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is less than 0.12, and the calculated channel capacity (CC) ranges from 35 to 38 bps/Hz. The presented antenna array is a good alternative to 5G mobile handsets with wideband operation, a metal frame, and minimized spacing.
Quaternary Categorization Strategy for Reconstructing High-Reflectivity Surface in Structured Light Illumination
Authors: Xu Bin , Qu Shangcheng , Li Jinhua , Deng Zhiyong , Li Hongyu , Zhang Bo , Zhang Geyou , Liu Kai
Published: December 2023

Structured light illumination is widely applied for surface defect detection due to its advantages in terms of speed, precision, and non-contact capabilities. However, the high reflectivity of metal surfaces often results in the loss of point clouds, thus reducing the measurement accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel quaternary categorization strategy to address the high-reflectivity issue. Firstly, we classify the pixels into four types according to the phase map characteristics. Secondly, we apply tailored optimization and reconstruction strategies to each type of pixel. Finally, we fuse point clouds from multi-type pixels to accomplish precise measurements of high-reflectivity surfaces. Experimental results show that our strategy effectively reduces the high-reflectivity error when measuring metal surfaces and exhibits stronger robustness against noise compared to the conventional method.
PosturePose: Optimized Posture Analysis for Semi-Supervised Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation
Authors: Amadi Lawrence , Agam Gady
Published: December 2023

One motivation for studying semi-supervised techniques for human pose estimation is to compensate for the lack of variety in curated 3D human pose datasets by combining labeled 3D pose data with readily available unlabeled video data—effectively, leveraging the annotations of the former and the rich variety of the latter to train more robust pose estimators. In this paper, we propose a novel, fully differentiable posture consistency loss that is unaffected by camera orientation and improves monocular human pose estimators trained with limited labeled 3D pose data. Our semi-supervised monocular 3D pose framework combines biomechanical pose regularization with a multi-view posture (and pose) consistency objective function. We show that posture optimization was effective at decreasing pose estimation errors when applied to a 2D–3D lifting network (VPose3D) and two well-studied datasets (H36M and 3DHP). Specifically, the proposed semi-supervised framework with multi-view posture and pose loss lowered the mean per-joint position error (MPJPE) of leading semi-supervised methods by up to 15% (−7.6 mm) when camera parameters of unlabeled poses were provided. Without camera parameters, our semi-supervised framework with posture loss improved semi-supervised state-of-the-art methods by 17% (−15.6 mm decrease in MPJPE). Overall, our pose models compete favorably with other high-performing pose models trained under similar conditions with limited labeled data.
Enhancing the Localization Accuracy of UAV Images under GNSS Denial Conditions
Authors: Gao Han , Yu Ying , Huang Xiao , Song Liang , Li Li , Li Lei , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2023

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in many industries. The use of UAV images for surveying requires that the images contain high-precision localization information. However, the accuracy of UAV localization can be compromised in complex GNSS environments. To address this challenge, this study proposed a scheme to improve the localization accuracy of UAV sequences. The combination of traditional and deep learning methods can achieve rapid improvement of UAV image localization accuracy. Initially, individual UAV images with high similarity were selected using an image retrieval and localization method based on cosine similarity. Further, based on the relationships among UAV sequence images, short strip sequence images were selected to facilitate approximate location retrieval. Subsequently, a deep learning image registration network, combining SuperPoint and SuperGlue, was employed for high-precision feature point extraction and matching. The RANSAC algorithm was applied to eliminate mismatched points. In this way, the localization accuracy of UAV images was improved. Experimental results demonstrate that the mean errors of this approach were all within 2 pixels. Specifically, when using a satellite reference image with a resolution of 0.30 m/pixel, the mean error of the UAV ground localization method reduced to 0.356 m.
A Customized Extended Kalman Filter for Removing the Impact of the Magnetometer’s Measurements on Inclination Determination
Authors: Chen Yang , Rong Hailong
Published: December 2023

Normally, a three-dimensional orientation determination algorithm that is used in a magnetic and inertial measurement unit calculates the inclination (including both the pitch and roll) of rigid bodies by fusing the measurements of the gyroscope, as well as the measurements of both the accelerometer and the magnetometer. The measurements of the magnetometer can be helpful in improving the inclination estimation accuracy; however, once the measurements of the magnetometer are disturbed by ferromagnetic materials, the inclination estimation accuracy could be significantly decreased. Hence, a better approach should be followed in terms of not employing the measurements of the magnetometer for inclination determination. In order to achieve this goal, the component of the measurement of the magnetometer that is used for the improvement of the inclination estimation accuracy, along with the measurement of the accelerometer at each sampling time instant, is abandoned. Consequently, the remaining component of the measurement of the magnetometer, which is perpendicular to the measurement of the accelerometer, is used for the azimuth determination. After applying this process, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed for the inclination and azimuth estimations. Through experiments, the EKF is compared with three algorithms that were recently proposed with the same objective as this work, and the extracted outcomes show that the EKF approach clearly outperforms these three algorithms.
Acute Responses of Youth Elite Players to a Football Match in Terms of Blood Markers
Authors: Fornaziero André Montanholi , Novack Luiz Fernando , Nascimento Vitor Bertoli , Osiecki Raul
Published: December 2023

The current study verified the acute responses of participants to a football match in terms of blood markers. Sixteen elite U-18 male football players were divided into two groups: experimental (EG, n = 10), who played a friendly football match; and control (CG), who were not exposed to any physical exertion. Intravenous blood samples were collected from both groups at baseline, pre-match, half-time, and post-match. The blood analysis consisted of four groups: immunological (leukocytes, platelets, and cortisol), muscle damage (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase), metabolic (lactate, glucose, erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and urea), and electrolytic (sodium, calcium, and potassium). Edwards’ training impulse demonstrated that the first half was more demanding than the second half (p = 0.020). Significant changes between time points and groups were observed for leukocytes (pre-match: 6920 ± 1949; post-match: 13,890 ± 3292; p ≤ 0.05) and cortisol (pre-match: 10.78 ± 3.63; post-match: 19.15 ± 7.40; p ≤ 0.05). CK (pre-match: 516.50 ± 248.38; post-match: 713.70 ± 308.20; p ≤ 0.05) and LDH (pre-match: 348.80 ± 36.49; post-match: 414.80 ± 26.55; p ≤ 0.05) increased significantly across the time points for the EG, with no difference between the groups, however. Raised lactate (pre-match: 1.05 ± 0.32; post-match: 3.24 ± 1.60; p ≤ 0.05) and glucose (pre-match: 72.54 ± 9.76; post-match: 101.42 ± 19.87; p ≤ 0.05) differences between the groups at half-time were also observed. These current findings provide helpful information to better understand football match demands regarding physiological effects.
Chest X-ray at Emergency Admission and Potential Association with Barotrauma in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: Experience from the Italian Core of the First Pandemic Peak
Authors: Bonaffini Pietro Andrea , Stanco Francesco , Dulcetta Ludovico , Poli Giancarla , Brambilla Paolo , Marra Paolo , Valle Clarissa , Lorini Ferdinando Luca , Mazzoleni Mirko , Sonzogni Beatrice , Previdi Fabio , Sironi Sandro
Published: December 2023

Barotrauma occurs in a significant number of patients with COVID-19 interstitial pneumonia undergoing mechanical ventilation. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether the Brixia score (BS) calculated on chest-X-rays acquired at the Emergency Room was associated with barotrauma. We retrospectively evaluated 117 SARS-CoV-2 patients presented to the Emergency Department (ED) and then admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for mechanical ventilation between February and April 2020. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of barotrauma during their hospitalization. CXRs performed at ED admittance were assessed using the Brixia score. Distribution of barotrauma (pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema) was identified in chest CT scans. Thirty-eight subjects (32.5%) developed barotrauma (25 pneumomediastinum, 24 pneumothorax, 24 subcutaneous emphysema). In the barotrauma group we observed higher Brixia score values compared to the non-barotrauma group (mean value 12.18 vs. 9.28), and logistic regression analysis confirmed that Brixia score is associated with the risk of barotrauma. In this work, we also evaluated the relationship between barotrauma and clinical and ventilatory parameters: SOFA score calculated at ICU admittance and number of days of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) prior to intubation emerged as other potential predictors of barotrauma.
Mapping the Cognitive Biases Related to Vaccination: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Raj Amar , Singh Awnish Kumar , Wagner Abram L. , Boulton Matthew L.
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Human behavior and understanding of the vaccine ecosystem play a critical role in the vaccination decision-making process. The objective of this study was to understand different cognitive biases that may lead to vaccine acceptance or hesitancy. Methods: The eligibility criteria for this scoping review was vaccination-related cognitive bias studies published in the English language from inception to April 2022 and available on PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. It included all geographical locations and individuals of all age groups and excluded studies focusing on (i) clinical trials of vaccines, (ii) vaccine research conduct bias, (iii) cognitive delay, or (iv) statistical biases. The search method also included reviewing references in the retrieved articles. Results: Overall, 58 articles were identified, and after screening, 19 were included in this study. Twenty-one cognitive biases with the potential to affect vaccination decision-making were observed. These biases were further grouped into three broad categories: cognitive biases seen while processing vaccine-related information, during vaccination-related decision-making, and due to prior beliefs regarding vaccination. Conclusions: This review identified critical cognitive biases affecting the entire process of vaccination that can influence research and public health efforts both positively and negatively. Recognizing and mitigating these cognitive biases is crucial for maintaining the population’s level of trust in vaccination programs around the world.
Correction: Rockman et al. Cell-Based Manufacturing Technology Increases Antigenic Match of Influenza Vaccine and Results in Improved Effectiveness. Vaccines 2023, 11, 52
Authors: Rockman Steven , Laurie Karen , Ong Chi , Rajaram Sankarasubramanian , McGovern Ian , Tran Vy , Youhanna John
Published: December 2023

The authors would like to make the following corrections to this published paper [...]
At the Fringes of Pride Politics
Authors: Esteves Mafalda , Pieri Mara
Published: December 2023

This paper draws attention to the tensions generated within LGBTQ+ movements in Portugal. Although recent legal developments have put Portugal on the map as a European country welcoming LGBTQ+ people, on a local scale, movements have been less ready to expand their notions of inclusion within the LGBTQ+ spectrum.

Drawing on two studies carried out through twenty qualitative interviews between 2017 and 2020, the authors focus on the tensions that emerge in the narratives of two groups of people: bisexual activists and chronically ill people who also identify as LGBTQ+. Both studies explore to what extent practices of exclusion are at play in Pride politics in Portugal and what forms of (in)visibility are privileged over others. The analysis uses the concepts of middle ground (Hemmings 2002) and boundary work (Egner 2017) to show how Pride politics are often oriented towards a normative definition of able-bodied, white gay and lesbian people. They also tend to exclude from public space some intersectional subjectivities, through active opposition or indirect discrimination. The paper offers a relevant perspective to reflect on the tensions generated by public action within LGBTQ+ communities, compromises between care and belonging, and the future advancements that will need to be made.
Modern Approaches to Molecular Genetics of Viruses in the Study of the Members of the Family Coronaviridae
Authors: Supotnitskiy M. V.
Published: December 2023

The existence of certain suspicions about the artificial origin of the COVID-19 pandemic and about the possible use of reverse genetics technology to create the SARS-CoV-2 virus require an understanding of its capabilities in the design of new viruses. Theaim of this workis to show how the use of reverse genetics allows the design of previously non-existent coronaviruses, technologies and the main achievements in their creation. Only the information in the public domain was used for the preparation of this article. The technology is called «reverse genetics» because when obtaining RNA viruses capable of replication, the process is going not from DNA to RNA, as usual, but on the contrary, from the RNA of the virus to its complementary DNA (cDNA), and from it with the help of T7 RNA polymerase – «back» to the infectious RNA. Since the resulting plus-RNA of the coronavirus genome mimics cellular messenger RNA (mRNA), it is immediately recognized by the cell's translation machine and triggers the formation of its own infectious viral particles. Two systems of reverse genetics have been developed, involving the production of an infectious plusRNA,in vitroandin vivo. The problem of obtaining a full-length cDNA of the giant genome of coronaviruses is solved by fragmentation and subsequent stitching of fragments using standard molecular biology approaches. The article provides the examples of how this technology makes it possible to obtain synthetic coronaviruses that are indistinguishable from those isolated from nature, to change the range of their hosts, to enhance virulence and resistance to specific antibodies, and to influence the pathogenesis of the disease. The article also shows the prospects for the use of recombinant viruses in cellular screening analyses and infection modelsin vivofor the identification of preventive and therapeutic approaches to the virus disease treatment.
Ferroelectricity of Ce–Mn substituted ZnO thin films
Authors: Ogawa Rei , Tamai Atsuhiro , Tanaka Kiyotaka , Adachi Hideaki , Kanno Isaku
Published: December 2023

In this study, we introduced Ce and Mn as new substitution elements to develop ferroelectricity in wurtzite-type ZnO thin films on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si. By substituting (Ce,Mn) for Zn, we observed a decrease in the c/a ratio, which reached its minimum value of 1.582. The relative permittivity increased from 12 to 20 with increasing (Ce,Mn) concentration (2%–15%), while the dielectric loss remained low at about 0.01. The Zn(Ce,Mn)O thin films exhibited clear ferroelectric behavior with a remanent polarization of more than 80 μC cm−2 and a coercive field of about 2.5 MV cm−1.
Formulation and Physical Quality Testing of Candles Combining Essential Oils of Red Roses (Rose Hybrid) and White Roses (Rose Alba) as Aromatherapy
Authors: Muin Dona , Salmah Salmah , Wathi Jeng Ratu Widiya
Published: December 2023

Background: There are many aromatherapy options on the market, one of which is in the form of aromatherapy candles. Aromatherapy candles are made using several ingredients and use essential oils that have an aromatherapy scent, a combination of red rose and white rose essential oils. These essential oils are used not only for the treatment and prevention of disease, but also for their effects on mood, emotions, and a sense of well-being.

Method: In this experimental study, a comparative test was carried out between 5 concentration variations of red rose and white rose essential oils with F1 = 1%:5% ; F2= 2%:4% ; F3= 3%:3% ; F4= 4%:2% ; and F5= 5%:1%, using the same basis. Then an evaluation was carried out by testing the physical quality of the candle aromatherapy preparations which included organoleptic tests, melting point tests, burn time tests, and hedonic tests.  

Result: The organoleptic test on formulas 1 and 5 produced an even color, no cracks and a characteristic odor, but in formulas 2,3 and 4 the color was uneven and there were depressions. In the melting point test, all formulas are within the standard candle time range, namely 540C, the average burn time test is not more than 2 hours and the preference test is on formula 5.

Conclusion: The final result is a formula that meets all testing standards, namely 5%:1% formula 5, in which the ratio of essential oils of red roses and white roses is and the ratio of paraffin and stearic acid is 54%:40%.
ESTRATÉGIAS PARA UM RECURSO LIMITADO: LEVANTAMENTO SOBRE RECRUTAMENTO E SELEÇÃO EM PEQUENAS EMPRESAS DO INTERIOR DE RONDÔNIA
Authors: Souza Patricia Perri Assis de , Lima Wagner Soares de
Published: December 2023

Este artigo investiga as estratégias de recrutamento e seleção empregadas por pequenas empresas no interior de Rondônia, com um enfoque particular em São Miguel do Guaporé. O estudo busca compreender como estas empresas, frequentemente operando com recursos escassos e em um mercado de trabalho limitado, conseguem atrair e manter talentos. A principal questão abordada é: quais métodos são utilizados por pequenas empresas em regiões menos urbanizadas para o recrutamento e a seleção de candidatos, diante dos desafios únicos desses locais? O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e descrever as práticas de recrutamento e seleção nessas empresas, com o intuito de entender como elas impactam a qualidade dos serviços. A metodologia adotada incluiu entrevistas com cinco gestores de diferentes segmentos e a observação participante realizada pela aluna-autora, que também é gestora de uma pequena empresa na região. Foram abordados temas como segmento de atuação, número de colaboradores, tempo de mercado, métodos de recrutamento, a presença de especialistas em gestão de pessoas, os principais desafios no recrutamento e seleção, e estratégias potenciais para otimizar estes processos. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria das empresas enfrenta dificuldades relacionadas à escassez de talentos locais qualificados, com foco excessivo nos aspectos financeiros, desafios na seleção de candidatos, problemas de compreensão de vagas e exigências, desafios relacionados ao recrutamento interno e externo, desinteresse nas novas funções e falta de qualidade no atendimento. Estratégias como parcerias com instituições locais, uso de redes sociais para divulgação de vagas e a valorização da cultura empresarial local surgem como soluções práticas e eficazes. As considerações finais destacam a necessidade de abordagens mais inovadoras e estruturadas em recrutamento e seleção para superar esses desafios.