bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРИЧИННО-НАСЛІДКОВИХ ЗВ'ЯЗКІВ МІЖ ПРИБУТКОВІСТЮ ТА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЮ В БАНКІВСЬКОМУ СЕКТОРІ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Mazharov D.
Published: December 2019

У статті на основі тесту Грейджера було досліджено причинно-наслідкові зв'язки між ефективністю операційною діяльністю банків та їх прибутковістю. Отримані результати підтвердили наявність суттєвої різниці між кореляційним та причинно-наслідковим зв'язком між змінними. Каузальності не було виявлено між рентабельністю активів та рентабельністю капіталу, проте рентабельність активів ROA є причинною за Грейджером по відношенню до ефективності операційної діяльності банку, яка оцінювалась у нашому випадку коефіцієнтом дієздатності CIR. Рентабельність активів ROA українських банків робить значний внесок у прогноз ефективності операційної діяльності CIR, причому протилежне не вірно −  змінна CIR не є каузальною по відношенню до  ROA.
ОЦІНЮВАННЯ CОЦІАЛЬНОГО КАПІТАЛУ В КОНТЕКСТІ РОЗВИТКУ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ ОСВІТНІХ СУСПІЛЬНИХ БЛАГ В ЕКОНОМІЦІ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Кічурчак М.В.
Published: December 2019

У статті проаналізовано специфіку формування соціального капіталу в національній економіці на підставі оцінювання регіональних особливостей розвитку інфраструктури освітніх суспільних благ у 2000–2017 рр. Вивчено досвід Польщі щодо реорганізації мережі навчальних закладів за їхніми видами та окреслено ризики у сфері нагромадження соціального капіталу в Україні. Сформовано рекомендації з поліпшення стану соціального капіталу з урахуванням необхідності зменшення регіональних диспропорцій розвитку інфраструктури освітніх суспільних благ в українській економіці.
ІНДИКАТОРИ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ДЕРЖАВИ
Authors: Lipych L., Savchuk L.
Published: December 2019

Інвестиційна складова економічної безпеки займає одне з головних місць в економічній безпеці країни. Реалізація інвестиційних можливостей, нарощення обсягів інвестування та раціональне використання інвестованих коштів – одні з найважливіших завдань в Україні, що і обумовлює актуальність даної статті. У статті розглянуто інвестиційну складову як вирішальний фактор забезпечення необхідного рівня фінансової стабільності держави, а також проаналізований стан інвестиційної безпеки на основі окремих індикаторів. Розраховано показники інвестиційної безпеки в динаміці. Здійснено аналіз значень індикаторів за останні роки та розраховано їх для кількісної та якісної оцінки інвестиційної безпеки держави. Зроблено висновки про те, що значення більшості індикаторів інвестиційної безпеки знаходяться нижче критичного значення, що, відповідно до теорії безпеки, свідчить про реалізацію загрозливих процесів в економіці. В статті подані напрями для підвищення інвестиційної привабливості. В першу чергу, це має бути гарантування прозорості приватизації, зниження податкового навантаження на інвесторів та скорочення економічних ризиків.
ВПЛИВ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА НА РОЗВИТОК ПРОДУКТИВНИХ СИЛ РЕГІОНУ
Authors: Bondaruk K.
Published: December 2019

У статті проаналізовано сутність соціального підприємництва та ефекти впливу від такої діяльності на регіональну економіку. Обґрунтовано поняття соціального підприємництва, здійснено порівняльну оцінку кругообігу продуктивний сил соціального підприємства, благодійної організації, некомерційної господарської діляльності та підприємництва, виокремлені ефекти від діяльності соціального підприємства та його вплив на регіональний розвиток.
МЕТОДИКА ОЦІНКИ РІВНЯ РОЗВИТКУ РЕКРЕАЦІЙНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ РЕГІОНУ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Dashchuk Yu.
Published: December 2019

У статті проведено огляд існуючих методик оцінки рекреаційного потенціалу, проаналізовано їх переваги та недоліки. Запропоновано власну методику, яка базується на розрахунку інтегрального показника рівня розвитку рекреаційного потенціалу регіону. Представлено систему показників та індексів для здійснення обрахунків по кожній із структурних компонент рекреаційного потенціалу.
10.36910 АНАЛІЗ МЕТОДІВ І ЗАСОБІВ ІНТЕНСИФІКАЦІЇ СУШІННЯ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ РОСЛИННИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ
Authors: Сільськогосподарські машини
Published: December 2019

У статті наведено огляд та виконано аналіз методів і засобів інтенсифікації сушіння сільськогосподарських рослинних матеріалів. Представлено конструкції елементів сушарок, що дають можливість застосовувати енергозберігаючі підходи при отриманні продукції агровиробництва. Сформовано загальну структурну схему напрямків енергозбереження при сушіння та засобів їх реалізації.
10.36910 ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ВРОЖАЮ КАРТОПЛІ
Authors: Сільськогосподарські машини
Published: December 2019

У статті запропоновано технологію формування умов живлення насіння картоплі з використання світового досвіду на основі твердих комплексних добрив(органічних і мінеральних) за мінімальної норми їх внесення. Розглянуто конструктивно-компонувальну схему комбінованого агрегату для садіння картоплі з встановленим пристроєм гравітаційного типу для подачі картоплі.
АНАЛІЗ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ТА ТЕХНІЧНИХ ЗАСОБІВ ЗБИРАННЯ ГАРБУЗІВ
Authors: Сільськогосподарські машини
Published: December 2019

У статті розглянуто значення сільськогосподарської культури – гарбуз та можливі сфери використання його плодів. Викладено результати аналізу технологій збирання гарбуза та технічних засобів для її здійснення. Виконаний аналіз має за мету виявити недоліки чинних механічних засобів для збирання гарбуза, особливо плодів, призначених для продовольчих цілей.
Estrategias de aplicación digital en la comprensión de textos narrativos
Authors: Novoa Castillo Pedro Félix
Published: December 2019

Comprensión, Aprendizaje electrónico, lectura digital
Near L-edge Single and Multiple Photoionization of Triply Charged Iron Ions
Authors: Beerwerth Randolf , Buhr Ticia , Perry-Sassmannshausen Alexander , Stock Sebastian O. , Bari Sadia , Holste Kristof , Kilcoyne A. L. David , Reinwardt Simon , Ricz Sandor , Savin Daniel Wolf , Schubert Kaja , Martins Michael , Müller Alfred , Fritzsche Stephan , Schippers Stefan
Published: December 2019

Relative cross sections for m-fold photoionization (m = 1,…, 5) of Fe3+ by single-photon absorption were measured employing the photon-ion merged-beams setup PIPE at the PETRA III synchrotron light source operated at DESY in Hamburg, Germany. The photon energies used spanned the range of 680–950 eV, covering both the photoexcitation resonances from the 2p and 2s shells, as well as the direct ionization from both shells. Multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) calculations were performed to simulate the total photoexcitation spectra. Good agreement was found with the experimental results. These computations helped to assign several strong resonance features to specific transitions. We also carried out Hartree–Fock calculations with relativistic extensions taking into account both photoexcitation and photoionization. Furthermore, we performed extensive MCDHF calculations of the Auger cascades that result when an electron is removed from the 2p and 2s shells of Fe3+. Our theoretically predicted charge-state fractions are in good agreement with the experimental results, representing a substantial improvement over previous theoretical calculations. The main reason for the disagreement with the previous calculations is their lack of inclusion of slow Auger decays of several configurations that can only proceed when accompanied by de-excitation of two electrons. In such cases, this additional shake-down transition of a (sub)valence electron is required to gain the necessary energy for the release of the Auger electron.
Synthetic Large-scale Galactic Filaments: On Their Formation, Physical Properties, and Resemblance to Observations
Authors: Zucker Catherine , Smith Rowan , Goodman Alyssa
Published: December 2019

Using a population of large-scale filaments extracted from an AREPO simulation of a Milky Way–like galaxy, we seek to understand the extent to which observed large-scale filament properties (with lengths ≳100 pc) can be explained by galactic dynamics alone. From an observer’s perspective in the disk of the galaxy, we identify filaments forming purely due to galactic dynamics, without the effects of feedback or local self-gravity. We find that large-scale galactic filaments are intrinsically rare, and we estimate that at maximum approximately one filament per kpc2 should be identified in projection, when viewed from the direction of our Sun in the Milky Way. In this idealized scenario, we find filaments in both the arm and interarm regions and hypothesize that the former may be due to gas compression in the spiral potential wells, with the latter due to differential rotation. Using the same analysis pipeline applied previously to observations, we analyze the physical properties of large-scale galactic filaments and quantify their sensitivity to projection effects and galactic environment (i.e., whether they lie in the arm or interarm regions). We find that observed “Giant Molecular Filaments” are consistent with being non-self-gravitating structures dominated by galactic dynamics. Straighter, narrower, and denser “Bone-like” filaments, like the paradigmatic Nessie filament, have similar column densities, velocity gradients, and galactic plane heights (z ≈ 0 pc) to those in our simple model, but additional physical effects (such as feedback and self-gravity) must be invoked to explain their lengths and widths.
Evidence for Late-stage Eruptive Mass Loss in the Progenitor to SN2018gep, a Broad-lined Ic Supernova: Pre-explosion Emission and a Rapidly Rising Luminous Transient
Authors: Ho Anna Y. Q. , Goldstein Daniel A. , Schulze Steve , Khatami David K. , Perley Daniel A. , Ergon Mattias , Gal-Yam Avishay , Corsi Alessandra , Andreoni Igor , Barbarino Cristina , Bellm Eric C. , Blagorodnova Nadia , Bright Joe S. , Burns E. , Cenko S. Bradley , Cunningham Virginia , De Kishalay , Dekany Richard , Dugas Alison , Fender Rob P. , Fransson Claes , Fremling Christoffer , Goldstein Adam , Graham Matthew J. , Hale David , Horesh Assaf , Hung Tiara , Kasliwal Mansi M. , M. Kuin N. Paul , Kulkarni S. R. , Kupfer Thomas , Lunnan Ragnhild , Masci Frank J. , Ngeow Chow-Choong , Nugent Peter E. , Ofek Eran O. , Patterson Maria T. , Petitpas Glen , Rusholme Ben , Sai Hanna , Sfaradi Itai , Shupe David L. , Sollerman Jesper , Soumagnac Maayane T. , Tachibana Yutaro , Taddia Francesco , Walters Richard , Wang Xiaofeng , Yao Yuhan , Zhang Xinhan
Published: December 2019

We present detailed observations of ZTF18abukavn (SN2018gep), discovered in high-cadence data from the Zwicky Transient Facility as a rapidly rising (1.4 ± 0.1 mag hr−1) and luminous (

mag) transient. It is spectroscopically classified as a broad-lined stripped-envelope supernova (Ic-BL SN). The high peak luminosity (

), the short rise time (

in g band), and the blue colors at peak (

) all resemble the high-redshift Ic-BL iPTF16asu, as well as several other unclassified fast transients. The early discovery of SN2018gep (within an hour of shock breakout) enabled an intensive spectroscopic campaign, including the highest-temperature (

) spectra of a stripped-envelope SN. A retrospective search revealed luminous (

mag) emission in the days to weeks before explosion, the first definitive detection of precursor emission for a Ic-BL. We find a limit on the isotropic gamma-ray energy release

, a limit on X-ray emission

, and a limit on radio emission

. Taken together, we find that the early (

) data are best explained by shock breakout in a massive shell of dense circumstellar material (0.02

) at large radii (

) that was ejected in eruptive pre-explosion mass-loss episodes. The late-time (

) light curve requires an additional energy source, which could be the radioactive decay of Ni-56.
Co-Infection of Human Papillomavirus with Mycoplasma Hominis/Ureaplasma Urealyticum Among Female Sex Workers in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Feriyawati Lita , Anggraini Dwi Rita , Nasution Tetty Aman
Published: December 2019

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases among women aged < 35 years worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that the vaginal microenvironment influenced by bacterial infection poses for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and cervical carcinogenesis. Female sex workers (FSWs) are a population susceptible to acquire Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as transmitting the virus to others. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma infections and HPV infection among female sex workers. A total of 70 female sex workers of reproductive age were recruited from various location in Medan, Indonesia in 2018. Detection of Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma infections and HPV infection were obtained from PCR assessment. The results of this study showed that no correlation significant between Mycoplasma hominis/Ureaplasma urealyticum infection and HPV infection.
Uma análise de práticas institucionais para a implantação de institutos locais de ciência, tecnologia e inovação
Authors: Martinelli Marcos Alberto , Camargo Gerson Marcelo , Hoffmann Wanda Aparecida Machado
Published: December 2019

Este artigo objetiva analisar formas para que institutos sejam capazes de organizar as articulações dos sistemas locais de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, buscando oferecer um conjunto de hipóteses que proporcionem estabilidade e autonomia a tais sistemas. A metodologia adotada propõe levantar questionamentos relativos à dicotomia “mimetização globalizada” versus “recorte histórico-geográfico”, a atuação dos atores em sistemas locais e, possibilitar a busca por modelos legitimados, sem, no entanto, negligenciar as peculiaridades das relações locais. Procurou-se minuciar o modelo dialógico de constituição de uma instituição sociológica, cuja característica essencial é a presença ativa dos atores das comunidades locais. Por fim, são exploradas alternativas para a translação de interesses, levando em conta a premissa de que a conveniência social sobrepuja a lógica de uma eficiência calculada.
Identificação de impactos ambientais relacionados à visitação pública no Parque Nacional da Tijuca: o caso da trilha do estudante
Authors: Borges Rocha Marcelo , Vieira Gomes Stéfano Bruno , Oliveira Rocha Rafael , Guedes Passeri Mylena
Published: December 2019

As Unidades de Conservação são importantes espaços de preservação da biodiversidade e possuem alto potencial para ações de uso público, podendo atuar na sensibilização e informação ambiental da população visitante e do entorno. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os impactos ambientais, por meio da seleção e análise de indicadores, que, frequentemente, ocorrem na Trilha do Estudante, localizada no Parque Nacional da Tijuca. Neste Parque, coexistem milhares de espécies, muitas delas sendo espécies endêmicas e ameaçadas de extinção. Por meio do monitoramento da trilha analisada, foi verificado a existência de alguns impactos ambientais, como pisoteio da vegetação e árvores caídas, os quais alteram a dinâmica das comunidades locais. A frequente visitação pública, como ocorre no Parque analisado, requer estratégias de manejo para a região. Estudos como este, auxiliam no planejamento de ações mitigatórias dentro de espaços naturais protegidos.
Produção de H2 para células de combustível do tipo PEM via corrosão alcalina
Authors: Corcetti Melo Marina , Augustus de Melo Conrado , Neves da Silva Sabrina
Published: December 2019

O H2 é um vetor energético que apresenta combustão limpa e é uma das soluções com grande potencial para enfrentamento futuro da escassez de recursos energéticos de base fóssil, para maior diversificação e segurança das matrizes energéticas dos países e, também, para minimização das emissões de gases de efeito estufa. O H2 não é uma fonte primária de energia, porém, pode ser produzido a partir de diversos recursos energéticos e processos químicos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a produção de H2 de elevada pureza a partir da reação do Al com as bases fortes NaOH e KOH. O Al utilizado é proveniente de latas de bebidas recicláveis.  Estudou-se a influência da temperatura e concentração das soluções alcalinas sobre as taxas das reações. Verificou-se que, nas temperaturas estudas, a reação do Al com KOH tende a ser mais lenta do que com NaOH e quanto maior a concentração da solução, maior é a taxa de produção de H2, conforme esperado pela teoria. Foi verificado também que o método pode ser utilizado para produção de H2 in situ podendo ser utilizado em aplicações móveis e estacionárias.
Características reprodutivas de peixes invasores no rio Paranapanema, bacia do alto rio Paraná, sul do Brasil
Authors: Garcia Diego Azevedo Zoccal , Vidotto-Magnoni Ana Paula , Orsi Mário Luís
Published: December 2019

Estudos sobre biologia reprodutiva podem fornecer explicações sobre o sucesso na colonização de novas áreas, dado que características biológicas associadas às espécies invasoras podem conferir vantagem na invasão. Objetivamos avaliar variações de características reprodutivas de peixes invasores em lagoas e rios livres de barragens. Foram estudadas populações deSerrasalmus marginatus,Loricariichthys platymetopon,Ossancora eigenmanni,Auchenipterus osteomystaxeTrachelyopterus galeatusem habitat lêntico (Lagoas 1 e 2) e lótico (rios Pirapozinho e Anhumas) durante as estações seca e chuvosa. Fêmeas predominaram na maioria das populações (χ2, α < 0,05). Fêmeas deL. platymetoponeT. galeatusapresentaram maior índice gonadossomático durante a estação chuvosa no rio Anhumas e na Lagoa 2, respectivamente (teste de Mann-Whitney, α < 0,05). Populações deS. marginatus,L. platymetopon,O. eigenmannieT. galeatusapresentaram atividade reprodutiva muito intensa na Lagoa 1.Trachelyopterus galeatusapresentou atividade reprodutiva muito intensa nas duas lagoas e no rio Pirapozinho. Enquanto algumas espécies exibem alto investimento reprodutivo, independentemente do tipo de habitat (T. galeatus), outras podem apresentar variações (S. marginatuseL. platymetopon). Fêmeas em maiores razões sexuais, alto investimento reprodutivo, cuidado parental, fertilização interna e desova parcelada podem ser características que favorecem o estabelecimento na área receptora.Serrasalmus marginatuseL. platymetoponapresentam estratégia de história de vida intermediária Equíbrio/Sazonal e Equilíbrio, respectivamente, enquantoA. osteomystaxeT. galeatusapresentam estratégia Sazonal. Por apresentarem indivíduos que se dispersam, sobrevivem e se reproduzem em diferentes tipos de habitat, essas espécies possuem extensa área de ocorrência e invadiram com sucesso a bacia do alto rio Paraná. Portanto, são necessárias ações que controlem as populações e minimizem seus impactos.
« Je ne consentirai jamais à ce qu’ils m’appellent “évêque”. » Pastorat et épiscopat dans le méthodisme britannique de John Wesley à nos jours
Authors: Grosclaude Jérôme
Published: December 2019

Dans cet article, Jérôme Grosclaude examine la place et la forme de l’autorité épiscopale dans le méthodisme britannique depuis sa naissance dans les années 1730 jusqu’à nos jours. Né d’une scission de facto d’avec l’Église d’Angleterre, qui a conservé le ministère à trois degrés, le méthodisme britannique ne l’adopta jamais, au contraire de son homologue aux États-Unis. Le méthodisme considère néanmoins depuis la fin du xviii e siècle que l’episcopè, l’autorité épiscopale, est dûment exercée en son sein par les pasteurs ordonnés ou presbytres.
Why Do Some Nursing Students Find Their Science Courses Difficult?
Authors: Caon Martin , Treagust David
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

A sample of undergraduate nursing students were allocated, according to their results in the first nursing science exam, to one of three groups: "successful," "unsuccessful," and "middle." The sample was surveyed about the perceived difficulty of their science course and reasons for the difficulty. The responses of the three groups were compared for significant differences using the KruskalWallis H statistic. The successful group was significantly different from the unsuccessful group in a number of responses to the questionnaire. Students in the unsuccessful group perceive that their science course is difficult, have a low opinion of their ability in science, and are not convinced of the relevance of their science course to nursing.
Remembering Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Farrell Mary-Earle , Sorrell Jeanne M.
Published: December 2019

EXCERPT
In addition to food, medical services, and shelter, many refugees of Hurricane Katrina also needed mental health services to help them cope with devastating losses. I talked with Jeanne Sorrell, my colleague at George Mason University and the Aging Matters Section Editor, about my experiences in Mississippi in 2006, volunteering with Katrina survivors, and we decided to share those experiences in this article to highlight the mental stress that many older adults faced after Katrina and that many are still experiencing. Here is my story.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Ms. Farrell is Director of Development, College of Health and Human Services, and Associate Director of University Development, and Dr. Sorrell is Associate Dean, Academic Programs and Research, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.
Address correspondence to Mary-Earle Farrell, Director of Development, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MSN 267, Fairfax, VA 22030; e-mail: mfarrel1@gmu.edu.
Clinical Outcomes of Case Management in a Tertiary Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Thambyrajah Vamadevan , Hendriks Margaret , Mahendran Rathi
Published: December 2019

Please click here to read a letter to the editor about this article.

The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes of inpatients on an acute psychiatric ward in a large tertiary psychiatric hospital who received a broker model of case management. The clinical outcomes monitored were readmission rates and scores on the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale. The study found a significant reduction in readmission rates and hospital lengths of stay and improved CGI scores for patients who received case management.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Mr. Thambyrajah is Senior Case Manager, Ms. Hendriks is Manager, and Ms. Mahendran is Senior Consultant Psychiatrist, Case Management Unit, Institute of Mental Health, Woodbridge Hospital, Singapore.

The authors disclose that they have no significant financial interests in any product or class of products discussed directly or indirectly in this activity, including research support.

Address correspondence to Vamadevan Thambyrajah, RN, Adv. Dip. Mental Health, BHS(Nursing), Adv. Dip. Case Management, Senior Case Manager, Case Management Unit, Institute of Mental Health, Woodbridge Hospital, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore 539747; e-mail: vamadevan_thambyrajah@imh.com.sg.
Relocation Stress Syndrome in Older Adults Transitioning from Home to a Long-Term Care Facility: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Walker Charles , Curry Linda Cox , Hogstel Mildred O.
Published: December 2019

Relocation stress syndrome is a nursing diagnosis characterized by symptoms such as anxiety, confusion, hopelessness, and loneliness. It usually occurs in older adults shortly after moving from a private residence to a nursing home or assisted-living facility. The primary purpose of this study was to validate the symptoms of relocation stress syndrome. Eight nursing home residents and 8 assisted-living facility residents were interviewed 2 to 10 weeks after admission, when symptoms of relocation stress syndrome are most likely to appear. Results of this study indicate that the incidence of relocation stress syndrome may be overestimated. More accurate diagnosis and treatment of
depression in older adults is needed.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Dr. Walker is Associate Professor, Dr. Curry is Professor, and Dr. Hogstel is Professor Emeritus, Harris College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas.

The authors disclose that they have no significant financial interests in any product or class of products discussed directly or indirectly in this activity. Partial funding for this study was obtained from Beta Alpha Chapter of Sigma Theta Tau International.

Address correspondence to Charles A. Walker, PhD, RN, C, Associate Professor, Harris College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298620, Fort Worth, TX 76129; e-mail: c.walker@tcu.edu.
Mental Illness Is Not the Same as Incompetence: Voting Rights, Archaic Laws, and Stigmatizing Language
Authors: Smoyak Shirley A.
Published: December 2019

EXCERPT As psychiatric nurses, we are well aware that language is powerful, not only as a communication tool but as a way to “put people in their places” or establish rights and authority. Many of us have worked on campaigns to educate the public, family members, or other professionals about the importance of respectful language to address or describe people with mental illnesses or developmental problems. Last fall, there were sporadic efforts in a half dozen states to change archaic state constitutional laws, written more than a century ago, that disenfranchised people from voting in elections. In my home state of New Jersey, that effort has continued into 2007, with a continued strategy to rewrite the state constitution, removing barriers that affect the voting rights of disempowered people (Livio, 2007). 
Managing Common Side Effects of SSRIs
Authors: Howland Robert H.
Published: December 2019

Please click here to read the letter to the editor.
EXCERPT

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant agents fluvoxamine (Luvox®), fluoxetine (Prozac®), paroxetine (Paxil®), sertraline (Zoloft®), citalopram (Celexa®), and escitalopram (Lexapro®) are among the most widely prescribed medications in the world. They are approved and used primarily for the treatment of depression and various anxiety disorders but are also commonly used for the treatment of other mental disorders and physical conditions (Sadock & Sadock, 2001). These drugs are generally viewed as being safe and well tolerated. Indeed, their superior safety and tolerability profile, compared with that of older-generation antidepressant drugs, greatly contributed to their explosive and widespread use during the past 2 decades. Nevertheless, the SSRIs (like all drugs) are not perfect. In this article, I will review some of the most common side effects and their management.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Dr. Howland is Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

The author discloses that he has no significant financial interests in any product or class of products discussed directly or indirectly in this activity, including research support.

Address correspondence to Robert H. Howland, MD, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; e-mail: HowlandRH@upmc.edu.
Living with Type 2 Diabetes: Marital Perspectives of Middle-Aged and Older Couples
Authors: Beverly Elizabeth A. , Penrod Janice , Wray Linda A.
Published: December 2019

Type 2 diabetes is a significant health problem among middle-aged and older adults in the United States. Given the life-altering nature of this condition, examination of the psychosocial context in which people with diabetes live may enhance long-term diabetic care. This qualitative study aimed to understand the similarities and differences in spouses’ beliefs about diabetes, the perceived effects on daily life, and the management of diabetes in the context of marriage. Data analysis revealed three themes: vulnerability, burden, and getting by. This descriptive study provides a unique perspective on couples’ beliefs about diabetes, which have important implications for the nursing community in acknowledging spousal beliefs in the management of diabetes.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Ms. Beverly is NIA Predoctoral Fellow, The Gerontology Center, Department of Biobehavioral Health, Dr. Penrod is Assistant Professor of Nursing, School of Nursing, and Dr. Wray is Assistant Professor of Biobehavioral Health, Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.

The authors disclose that they have no significant financial interests in any product or class of products discussed directly or indirectly in this activity. The research was partially supported by NIA grant T32 AG00048 to The Pennsylvania State University and NIA grant P30 AG024395 for “Spousal Support & Diabetes-Related Behavior Change in Middle-Aged and Older Adults” (L.A. Wray, Principal Investigator, C.K. Miller and S.L. Willis, Co-Investigators).

Address correspondence to Elizabeth A. Beverly, MS, NIA Predoctoral Fellow, The Gerontology Center, Department of Biobehavioral Health, 315 Health & Human Development East, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; e-mail: eab203@psu.edu.
The Transparency of Aging
Authors: Sorrell Jeanne M.
Published: December 2019

EXCERPT
A healthy 68-year-old man, recently retired from a high-level position in the Pentagon, told me, “You know, one thing is for sure. As you age, you become more transparent. People look right through you as though you are invisible.” A doctorally prepared nursing colleague, also recently retired, described her experience of auditing a large class at a university and realizing that the other students seemed not to notice her, not even greeting her as they took a seat nearby. It was as if she were invisible. Both of these individuals have been widely recognized for award-winning accomplishments during their professional careers. Yet now, in daily activities, stripped of their professional titles and trappings, as well as their youth, they fade into the background with no apparent recognition of their personal identities. ABOUT THE AUTHORDr. Sorrell is Professor, School of Nursing, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia. Address correspondence to Jeanne M. Sorrell, PhD, RN, FAAN, Professor, School of Nursing, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030; e-mail: jsorrell@gmu.edu. 
LADARWave Wavefront Measurement in Normal Eyes
Authors: Chalita Maria Regina , Finkenthal Josel , Xu Meng , Krueger Ronald R
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We evaluated the correlation of Alcon LADARWave wavefront measurements with clinical refraction and corneal topography.

METHODS: In a retrospective, non-comparative case series, 60 eyes (30 patients) of healthy individuals evaluated by preoperative examination for refractive surgery were enrolled (manifest sphere, -11.00 to +4.50 D; manifest cylinder, 0 to -4.75 D; 45 eyes were myopic, 12 eyes were hyperopic, and 3 had mixed astigmatism). Correlation of manifest refraction, cycloplegic refraction, and topographic data with wavefront refraction and higher order aberration was assessed. Match percentage given by the wavefront was analyzed. This number represents how much of the wavefront refraction is due to sphere and cylinder (high percentage match) or is influenced by higher order aberration (low percentage match), in which case aberrometer refraction will not be close to phoropter refraction. Pearson's correlation coefficient was assessed for two continuous variables, adjusting for repeated measurements.

RESULTS: The median match percentage was 91%. Mean values for all higher order aberration components in a 7.0-mm pupil were: coma = 0.35 ± 0.29 µm, spherical aberrations = 0.36 ± 0.31 µm, and other terms of higher order aberrations = 0.31 ± 0.14 µm. Wavefront sphere, cylinder, and axis terms were highly correlated to manifest and cycloplegic measurements. The high match subgroup had a higher correlation coefficient than the low match subgroup for refraction. Topographic cylinder and axis were not strongly correlated to wavefront refraction, but manifest axis was significantly correlated to topographic axis.

CONCLUSION: In 60 normal eyes, the Alcon LADARWave wavefront measurement was highly correlated with refraction, but less well with corneal topography. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:132-138]
Wavefront-guided Surface Ablation With Prophylactic Use of Mitomycin C After a Buttonhole Laser in situ Keratomileusis Flap
Authors: Chalita Maria Regina , Roth Allen S , Krueger Ronald R
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To describe the surgical outcome of a patient who had a previous buttonhole after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and 3 months later, had wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with topical mitomycin C 0.02%.

METHODS: A 38-year-old man underwent bilateral LASIK for correction of myopic astigmatism. A buttonhole in his right eye LASIK flap occurred, but the surgeon decided to proceed with ablation due to the small size of the buttonhole. After LASIK, the patient complained of monocular diplopia in his right eye with 20/30 best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. Wavefront analysis showed a large amount of higher order aberrations, especially coma. Slit-lamp examination revealed a moderate buttonhole scar. Three months after LASIK, the patient underwent wavefront-guided PRK with application of topical mitomycin C 0.02% on the stromal bed, for a duration of 2 minutes.

RESULTS: One month after wavefront-guided PRK, his uncorrected visual acuity was 20/25 in the right eye, with no symptoms. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 20/15 with +0.25 -0.50 x 110°. No haze or scar was seen on slit-lamp examination. Wavefront analysis showed a decrease in higher order aberrations, especially coma and spherical aberration.

CONCLUSIONS: Wavefront-guided PRK with prophylactic topical mitomycin C was effective in treating a patient with visual symptoms and loss of BSCVA after a LASIK flap buttonhole. No delayed epithelial healing, side effects or complications were noted due to mitomycin C. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:176-181]
Total and Corneal Optical Aberrations Induced by Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Hyperopia
Authors: Llorente Lourdes , Barbero Sergio , Merayo Jesus , Marcos Susana
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate changes induced by standard laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for hyperopia on total and corneal optical quality.

METHODS: Total and corneal aberrations were measured before and after standard hyperopic LASIK in 13 eyes (preoperative spherical equivalent refractive error +3.17 ± 1.10 D). The Chiron Technolas 217C laser with PlanoScan was used. Total aberrations (measured using laser ray tracing) and corneal aberrations (estimated from a videokeratoscope) were described using Zernike terms. Root-mean-square wavefront error for both total and corneal aberrations, and through-focus Strehl ratio for the point spread function of the whole eye were used to assess optical changes induced by surgery.

RESULTS: Third and higher order aberrations increased significantly after hyperopic LASIK (by a factor of 2.20 for total and 1.78 for corneal aberrations, for a 6.5-mm pupil). Spherical aberration changed to negative values (corneal average decreased by -0.85 ± 0.48 µm and total average by -0.70 ± 0.30 µm). Best Strehl ratio for the whole eye decreased by a factor of 1.84. Hyperopic LASIK induced larger changes than myopic LASIK, compared to an equivalent group of myopic eyes from a previous study. Induced corneal spherical aberration was six times larger after hyperopic LASIK, for a similar range of correction, and of opposite sign. As with myopic LASIK, changes in internal spherical aberration are of opposite sign to those induced on the corneal anterior surface.

CONCLUSIONS: Hyperopic LASIK induced significant amounts of aberrations. The largest increase occurred in spherical aberration, which showed a shift (toward negative values) of opposite sign; increase was greater than for myopic LASIK. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:203-216]
Prospective, Paired Comparison of Laser in situ Keratomileusis and Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis for Myopia Less Than -6.00 Diopters
Authors: Kaya Vedat , Oncel Banu , Sivrikaya Hakan , Yilmaz Omer Faruk
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare visual and refractive results, contrast sensitivity, and tear stability after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in one eye and laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) in the fellow eye for low myopia.

METHODS: Patients diagnosed with low myopia, with a maximum difference of 1 D between their two eyes, were randomly assigned to receive LASEK on one eye and LASIK on the other eye. A total of 64 eyes of 32 patients with a mean age of 26.83±5.33 years were included in the study. Preoperative myopia ranged from -1.00 to -6.00 D. Follow-up was 6 to 12 months. Uncorrected (UCVA) and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), Schirmer test results, tear break-up time, corneal asphericity, corneal uniformity index, predicted corneal acuity, and contrast sensitivity values were compared with preoperative values. A Wilcoxon test was used for statistical comparisons and a P-value less than .05 was considered significant.

RESULTS: At 6 months after surgery, there was no statistically significant difference in UCVA, BSCVA, spherical and cylindrical refractive error, Schirmer test, or tear break-up time between groups. Contrast sensitivity values in the LASIK eyes were lower in comparison to preoperative values, but there was no change in the LASEK group.

CONCLUSIONS: Based on 6-month results, LASEK for low myopia was safe and effective with predictable results, offered early refractive stability, and may be considered an alternative for LASIK. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:223-228]
Flap Quality in Single Versus Multiple Use of the Same Blade in the Flapmaker Microkeratome
Authors: Módis László , Langenbucher Achim , Behrens Ashley , Seitz Berthold
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: We evaluated experimentally the variability of cut thickness, flap diameter, and cut quality produced by the Flapmaker corneal microkeratome (IOLTech), with single and repeated use of the same cutting blade.

METHODS: Keratectomy was performed with twelve cutting heads (8.5-mm diameter, 160-µm cutting depth) on 47 corneas and with six cutting heads (8.0-mm diameter, 180-µm cutting depth) on 18 freshly enucleated swine eyes in a repeated manner. Ultrasonic pachymetry was determined at the initial, central, and final microkeratome pass zones, first before the flap was created and subsequently after the flap was reflected. Flap diameter was measured by planimetry. After the procedure stromal portions were submitted for scanning electron microscopy.

RESULTS: On the first blade use, mean central flap thickness was 145 ± 32 µm and mean vertical flap diameter was 8.4 ± 0.26 mm with the 8.5-mm blades. With the 8.0-mm blades, mean central flap thickness was 155 ± 23 µm and mean vertical flap diameter was 8.0 ± 0.27 mm. Scanning electron microscopy disclosed smooth cut surfaces when new blades were used, but with repeated blade use, increasingly prominent stromal bed folds were observed.

CONCLUSIONS: The evaluated blades produced reproducible flap size and thickness and good cut quality with single use, but after the first use, cut quality markedly deteriorated. Repeated use of Flapmaker cutting blades is not recommended. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:258-264]
Outcomes of Laser in situ Keratomileusis in a Refractive Surgery Fellowship Program
Authors: Bowers Patrick J , Zeldes Steven S , Price Marianne O , McManis Craig L , Price Francis W
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to document the learning curve and evaluate the success of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) performed by fellows in a Cornea/External Disease and Refractive fellowship program.

METHODS: Two surgeons performed LASIK within a fellowship training program between July 2000 and August 2001. A retrospective review was conducted to determine the visual outcomes and operative complications from this non-comparative case series of 755 consecutive eyes. All LASIK procedures were performed using a Bausch & Lomb Technolas 217A laser and the Bausch & Lomb Hansatome or the Automated Corneal Shaper microkeratome. All eyes were evaluated for operative complications. Visual acuity was reported with a minimum of 1 month follow-up.

RESULTS: Data analysis revealed that uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better was attained in 99.4% of treated eyes, and 20/20 or better in 77.2%. With both eyes open, 100% of patients saw 20/30 or better, 94% saw 20/20 or better, 70% saw 20/15 or better, and 5.5% saw 20/10. Flap related complications occurred in 7 of 755 eyes (0.9%) and all were successfully treated. Forty-two eyes (5.6%) were lost to follow-up prior to the 1-month examination and were excluded from analysis of visual acuity.

CONCLUSIONS: Favorable operative and visual acuity 1-month results in 755 eyes after LASIK with the Bausch & Lomb Techno las 217A laser were in part due to a well organized system of education, patient examination, execution of surgery, and postoperative care. A team approach was essential. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:265-269]
Pupil Size in Refractive Surgery Candidates
Authors: Netto Marcelo V , Ambrósio Renato , Wilson Steven E
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess pupil size measurements obtained under scotopic and mesopic conditions with the Procyon pupillometer and under photopic conditions with the Humphrey videokeratographer.

METHODS: The pupil sizes of 96 candidates for refractive surgery (192 eyes) were measured with the Procyon pupillometer PS2000 SA and the Humphrey Atlas 992 corneal topographer. Anisocoria and pupillary unrest were analyzed according to gender (two groups: 51 females and 45 males), age (five groups: 20 to 30 yr, 31 to 40 yr, 41 to 50 yr, 51 to 60 yr, older than 60 yr) and level of refraction (five groups: >-6.00 D SE, -6.00 to ?3.00 D SE, -3.00 to 0 D SE, 0 to +2.50 D SE, +2.50 to +5.00 D SE).

RESULTS: The median value of pupil diameter measured with the Procyon pupillometer at the scotopic (0.04 lux), mesopic-low (0.4 lux), and mesopic-high (4 lux) levels of illumination were 6.54 ? 0.88 mm; 5.62 ? 0.95 mm, and 4.09 ? 0.76 mm, respectively. The median pupil size with the Humphrey topographer was 3.65 ? 0.62 mm. Pupillary unrest was highest at the mesopic-high level of illumination, with a median value of 0.31 ? 0.34 mm. Median pupil size measured with both instruments at all light levels dropped significantly after the fifth decade of life (P<.05, ANOVA).

CONCLUSIONS: The Procyon pupillometer and Humphrey videokeratographer revealed an inverse correlation between the pupil size and the age, but no relationship with gender or level of refraction. The Procyon pupillometer provides an objective method for measuring pupil size at controlled light levels with a permanent printed record. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:337-342]
Five-year Follow-up of Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Hyperopia Using the Technolas Keracor 117C Excimer Laser
Authors: Esquenazi Salomon
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate safety, predictability, efficiency, and long-term stability of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for spherical hyperopia.

METHODS: This study was a retrospective 5-year analysis of 67 patients (125 eyes) who had LASIK for spherical hyperopia; preoperative mean manifest spherical equivalent refraction was +3.84 ? 1.13 D (range +1.00 to +6.50 D) and mean astigmatism was 0.37 ? 0.27 D (range 0 to 1.00 D). Preoperative spherical equivalent refraction for the low hyperopia group was +1.00 to +2.75 D; medium hyperopia group, +3.00 to +4.25 D, and high hyperopia group, +4.50 to +6.50 D. All surgeries were performed using the scanning Chiron Technolas Keracor 11 7C excimer laser. Uncorrected and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, predictability, long-term stability of refraction, and complications were analyzed.

RESULTS: At 5 years after hyperopic LASIK, mean spherical equivalent refraction for the low hyperopia group was +0.48D ? 0.79 D; medium hyperopia group, +1.52 ? 1.45 D; high hyperopia group C, +3.39 ? 1.98 D. The percentage of eyes with a spherical equivalent refraction within ?0.50 D of emmetropia for the low hyperopia group was 63% (37 eyes); medium hyperopia group, 42% (20 eyes); high hyperopia group, 22% (4 eyes). Eyes with chronic dry eye symptoms had a mean difference in spherical equivalent refraction from target refraction of +1.43 D compared with +0.84 D for eyes without dry eye symptoms. Five eyes (4%) lost 2 lines of BSCVA at 5 years.

CONCLUSION: LASIK was safe, effective, and stable for primary hyperopia between +1.00 and +3.00 D. Higher amounts of hyperopia had poor long-term stability, especially eyes with more than +4.25 D. Chronic dry eye symptoms were associated with regression over time. [J Refract Surg 2004; 20:356-363]
Confocal Microscopy of Stage 4 Diffuse Lamellar Keratitis With Spontaneous Resolution
Authors: Silva Ma Victoria De Rojas , Díez-Feijóo Elío , Rodríguez-Ares Ma Teresa , Sánchez-Salorio Manuel
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report confocal microscopic findings at the onset of stage 4 diffuse lamellar keratitis and after its resolution. Stage 4 is the most severe form of diffuse lamellar keratitis. Its incidence is approximately 1 in 5000 and is associated with stromal melting, deep flap folds, central haze, hyperopic shift, irregular astigmatism, and severe decrease in visual acuity.

METHODS: A 22-year-old woman underwent bilateral uncomplicated laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia. Postoperative course in the right eye was uneventful; however, in the left eye, stage 4 diffuse lamellar keratitis developed. Confocal microscopy examination was performed in both eyes at the onset of the syndrome and after its resolution. Findings in the eye with diffuse lamellar keratitis (left eye) were compared with the uninvolved (right) eye.

RESULTS: The condition improved spontaneously and 2 years later, slit-lamp microscopy showed resolution of the folds and haze with subsequent improvement of visual acuity. However, confocal microscopic examination in the left eye revealed a persistent stromal subclinical haze on both sides of the lamellar cut and prominent folds that extended into the anterior stroma.

CONCLUSION: Confocal microscopy revealed that in spite of normal appearance on slit-lamp microscopy, micromorphological alterations persisted after spontaneous resolution of stage 4 diffuse lamellar keratitis. [J Refract Surg 2004;20: 391-396].
Comparison of Corneal Flap Thickness Between Primary and Fellow Eyes Using Three Microkeratomes
Authors: Shemesh Gabi , Leibovitch Igal , Lipshitz Isaac
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare corneal flap thickness created in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in primary (right) and fellow (left) eyes (same blade for both eyes) using three microkeratomes.

METHODS: The corneal thickness of 132 eyes (66 patients) was measured preoperatively and intraoperatively after flap creation. Corneal flap thickness was calculated by subtracting stromal bed thickness from total corneal thickness. Three microkeratomes were used: Nidek MK-2000, Bausch and Lomb Surgical Hansatome, and the Chiron Automated Corneal Shaper (ACS). Each patient had both corneas cut by one microkeratome and one blade at the same session

RESULTS: Mean corneal flap thickness created in primary eyes was 128.30 ± 12.57 µm (range 105 to 147 µm) for the ACS (160-µm plate and 8.5-mm ring) and 122.96 ± 13.30 µm (range 86 to 140 µm) for fellow eyes; Hansatome (160-µm plate and 8.5-mm ring): 141.16 ± 20.11 µm (range 101 to 169 µm) in primary eyes and 120.95 ± 26.95 µm (range 107 to 151 µm) in fellow eyes; Nidek (130-µm plate and 8.5-mm ring): 127.25 ± 4.12 µm (range 116 to 134 µm) in primary eyes and 127.54 ± 3.7 µm (range 119 to 134 µm) in fellow eyes. The corneal flap in the ACS and Hansatome microkeratomes was always thicker in the primary than the fellow eye, using the same blade for both eyes. No significant difference was found using the Nidek microkeratome.

CONCLUSION: Corneal flap thickness tended to be thinner in fellow eyes than in primary eyes for the ACS and Hanstome microkeratomes. The Nidek microkeratome results were closer to specified corneal flap thickness than the ACS and Hanstome microkeratomes. [J Refract Surg 2004;20:417-421]