bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active Resonance Fitting Energy Harvesting from Spinning Objects
Authors: Hedaya Mohamed , Elhadidi Mohamed , Ibrahim Mahmoud Z.
Published: August 2024

Energy harvesting is an emerging topic in the recent energy global problem. Energy can be harvested from different resources such as sea waves, wind, solar, etc. In this research, energy harvesting from spinning objects using vibrations will be addressed in addition to how to conduct active fitting procedures to allow the vibrating elements at all time work under resonance condition. Any spinning object has a centrifugal force that affects the vibrating element and cause more stiffness to its normal condition, which helps increasing the vibrating element natural frequency keeping with the increasing driving/spinning frequency until a certain limit. Thus, a new methodology by actively customizing the vibrating element beam length is proposed to manipulate its natural frequency according the spinning frequency.
Photovoltaic MPPT based on improved Cuckoo algorithm
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Zou Hairong
Published: August 2024

Photovoltaic power generation is susceptible to external factors such as light, resulting in a reduction in the actual efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. However, the traditional maximum power point tracking technology has the characteristics of slow convergence speed and poor accuracy. In order to improve the above problems, a new photovoltaic maximum power control algorithm with an improved cuckoo algorithm is proposed. By adjusting the iterative step size in the cuckoo algorithm and changing the probability of finding the bird nest, the iterative convergence speed is accelerated, and the global optimization ability is increased. Finally, the algorithm is applied to the maximum power tracking, and the simulation model is built on the Matlab/Simulink platform. After comparing the standard Cuckoo algorithm with the improved Cuckoo algorithm under static and dynamic conditions, the simulation results show that the improved Cuckoo algorithm has more advantages in maximum power tracking speed and accuracy.
Analysis of the resonant converter for multi-terminal collection of DC offshore wind farms
Authors: Yue Yuge , Hao Quanrui , Ma Ningyi
Published: August 2024

With the rapid development of power electronics technology, the offshore wind power system using DC collection and DC transmission is the best solution to increasing offshore distance. Resonant converters achieving soft switching have become a common choice in the DC/DC power conversion system. This paper proposed a design scheme for the multi-terminal collection of DC offshore wind farms based on the resonant converter. The operating principles are analyzed, and variable-frequency control of the converter is utilized to control the output voltage. Simulation verifies the effectiveness of the multi-terminal DC collection system and its control strategy.
A real-time estimation method of carbon emission for cement corporations based on load identification
Authors: Pan Juntao , Yang Zhou , Wei Xingqiu , Zhou Zhenglei
Published: August 2024

Accurate carbon emission estimation is the basis for assessing the carbon emissions of various regions and industries and formulating reasonable and feasible emission reduction programs. This paper presents a generalized real-time corporate carbon footprint measurement method. The total carbon emissions are categorized into direct emissions and indirect emissions. For the former, a load identification method based on CNN-BLSTM is proposed to monitor the state of the devices, and the carbon emissions are directly calculated in combination with the carbon emission intensity of the devices; for the latter, accurate estimation of carbon emissions is achieved through the application of marginal carbon emission factor. By utilizing this analytical model, the estimated carbon emissions are more accurate than those of other methods, which can better grasp the carbon emissions of enterprises and promote energy saving and emission reduction.
Future scenario generation and reduction methods for solar photovoltaic electricity production analysis
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhao Yuming , Ye Cantao , Chen Jiongcong , Li Huashan
Published: August 2024

A morphing-clustering-based method of generation and reduction future scenario for solar photovoltaic electricity production analysis is studied. Present historical annual weather data are transformed into future scenarios and timeframes by a morphing method with a general circulation model. The Copula methodology is applied to model the forthcoming decade’s annual meteorological data and generate abundant intra-day hourly scenario samples. The comparative analysis of the photovoltaic power output variations between future and present in reduction typical scenarios is conducted by the K-means clustering method with appropriate clustering parameter optimization. The simulation results show that the annual mean variations in global horizontal radiation, dry bulb temperature, and wind speed are projected to increase by approximately from 20.1 to 36.5 W/m2, 1.6 to 2.3°C, and 0.1 to 0.6 m/s, respectively in the forthcoming scenario of shared socioeconomic pathways 2-4.5. It is seen that solar photovoltaic electricity production anticipates a positive increase from 2.5% to 17.9%.
Optimization of the deep extreme learning machine using the seagull algorithm for state of health prediction of lithium batteries
Authors: Li Qingwei , Fu Xiaoxiong
Published: August 2024

The ability to predict the State of Health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries with precision is essential for guaranteeing their safe and consistent performance. Notwithstanding, measuring internal resistance and capacity accurately during live battery operation is an ongoing challenge. Existing SOH prediction models often fall short in terms of precision. To tackle this issue, a novel SOH estimation technique for lithium-ion batteries has been proposed. This technique uses electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the Seagull Optimization Algorithm simultaneously with a Deep Extreme Learning Machine (SOA-DELM). The impedance characteristics of lithium-ion batteries are taken into account, with real and imaginary components and the modulus extracted as the health factor (HF). Then, the seagull algorithm ascertains the optimal structural parameter solutions for the DELM network. An estimation model is subsequently created by using the Seagull algorithm-optimized DELM, which aids in accurate SOH prediction for aging batteries. The proposed methodology is assessed by using an aged electrochemical impedance dataset, namely, 45 mAh commercial button batteries made with active materials composed of lithium cobaltate and graphite for positive and negative ends respectively. This openly accessible dataset is available in Nature Communications. Upon validation, the methodology proves to be highly precise.
Multi-stage planning and calculation method of power system considering energy storage selection
Authors: Yang Guoshan , Liu Xumin , Zhang Wei , Ma Zhengxiong
Published: August 2024

Under new power system flexibility, this text proposes a multi-stage random generation-transmission-energy storage, integrated programming method that considers the short-period flexibility demand. The model can accurately reflect the relationship between short-period operation and long-period uncertainty within an extraordinary method and can also correctly evaluate the value of investment flexibility. Based on this, this text proposes a parallel processing solution, which can be separated into subproblems through column generation and shared decomposition and enables simulation calculation using a distributed measuring platform in long-period programming. The calculation proves the optimal solution speed of the proposed method and can effectively solve problems that cannot be dealt with by the known methods.
Expanded virtual vector-based model forecastable control strategy for three-phase two-level inverters
Authors: Weng Liguo , Zhang Lin , Chen Yaoming , Shen Hongda
Published: August 2024

A three-phase, two-level inverter based on model forecastable control has good transient performance but poor steady-state performance. Considering the limitation of a limited number of discrete voltage vectors in a two-level inverter topology, this paper proposes a virtual vector model prediction method based on the analysis of a time-stepped forecasting model for a three-phase grid-connected inverter. First, three fixed virtual voltage vectors are constructed in each sector, and the action time of the required fundamental vector is found. Then, the cost function is constructed, and the optimum is selected among the virtual and fundamental voltage vectors in each sector. Finally, a hardware-in-the-loop experiment was carried out based on the PE-Expert4 experimental platform developed by Myway Co., LTD. The results show that the proposed virtual vector model forecastable control strategy can effectively improve the transient and steady-state performance of three-phase two-level inverters.
Study on phase selection control characteristics of fast vacuum circuit breakers suitable for new power systems
Authors: Xu Xiaodong , Lin Jinyang , Tian Yang , Li Zhibing , Zhang Ran , Tian Yu
Published: August 2024

With a high proportion of new energy access to the power system, the user side of the randomness and volatility of distributed photovoltaic large-capacity access to the 10 kV medium-voltage distribution grid operation results in more frequent fluctuations in the system voltage and more frequent switching of reactive compensation of the shunt capacitor bank on the 10 kV side of the conventional substation. Conventional reactive compensation switching circuit breakers adopt a spring mechanism whose mechanical stability is insufficient and the selection of the relevant fit capacitor bank accuracy is not enough. The 12 kV fast vacuum circuit breaker of small mechanical dispersion for selection related to the combination was proposed. First of all, based on the neutral grounded and ungrounded system of the capacitor bank, the strategy of capacitor bank phase selection closing was developed. For the action characteristics of the phase selection of the 12 kV fast vacuum circuit breaker, the variation laws of mechanical dispersion and the influence factors such as ambient temperature, capacitance voltage, capacitance degradation, mechanical wear, and conductive rod deformation were obtained by simulation and experiment. The results showed that the ambient temperature and capacitance voltage had a great influence on the switching time of the fast circuit breaker, while other factors had a small influence. Again, the pre-breakdown characteristics of the 12 kV fast vacuum circuit breaker were obtained by experiments. The results showed that the influence of contact opening distance and pre-breakdown voltage was a linear relationship, and the pre-breakdown slope was 30 kV/mm. According to the pre-breakdown closing characteristic curve, the pre-breakdown time of the fast circuit breaker was 0.45 ms at most. The feedforward compensation mechanism based on a neural network was proposed to compensate for the action characteristics of the fast circuit breaker and aimed to improve the phase selection accuracy. Finally, two rounds of capacitive current switching tests of 12 kV fast vacuum circuit breakers with C2 level were carried out in a third-party test station. The accuracy of phase closing is within the ±0.5 ms closing window, effectively preventing the occurrence of closing inrush current.
Analysis of adaptive parameter tuning control strategy of VSG
Authors: Yang Shimei
Published: August 2024

The traditional virtual synchronous inverter employs constant inertia and damping control, resulting in poor reliability when the system faces disturbances. Consequently, this paper proposes a synchronous virtual machine network control strategy based on adaptive technology. Firstly, the traditional principle is analyzed, followed by an examination of the effects of varying inertia and damping levels on the power grid. Leveraging the power angle characteristic and frequency oscillation characteristic of synchronous generators, an inertia and damping adaptive control strategy is devised. Subsequently, the effectiveness of the strategy is validated through simulation curves generated by a Simlink model.
Weakened by an infinite system of transverse periodic cracks piezoelectric waveguide as a filter of electroacoustic waves
Authors: Avetisyan A S , Khachatryan V M , Kamalyan A A
Published: August 2024

The problem of propagation of an electroactive unidirectional elastic shear wave signal in an infinite piezoelectric waveguide weakened by a periodic system of transverse cracks is considered. Wave formation is investigated in cases of different anisotropies of the piezoelectric material, under different electromechanical conditions on the waveguide surfaces. In contrast to the case of a homogeneous waveguide, the presence of a system of periodic cracks leads to the formation of Floquet waves with a periodic structure. Different anisotropies and asymmetric electromechanical conditions on the waveguide surface lead to different localization of wave energy over the thickness of the waveguide, as well as to the presence of different zones of acceptable frequencies. A comparative analysis of the influence of the presence of a periodic system of transverse cracks on the frequency transmittance of the waveguide is carried out.
Creation of a nickel composite using surface structuring of the reinforcing phase with titanium carbide nanostructures to improve strength properties
Authors: Smirnov V M , Morozov P E , Kudymov V K , Dermenji A S , Sidorov Y V
Published: August 2024

The development of metal matrix composite (MMC) materials is one of the demanded areas of research in materials science. In line with this trend, there is an increasing interest in nickel-based MMC materials, which have already become classic in science and technology. This is due to the high demand for Ni-based materials with high strength characteristics, high hardness, and increased heat resistance.

In this research, we proposed an approach to obtain a MMC material using the surface structuring process, ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) and powder metallurgy method. The developed approach provides a composite with TiC nanostructures (1-5 nm) uniformly distributed throughout the Ni matrix. The absence of interphase boundaries between the Ni matrix particles and carbide nanostructures made it possible to minimize the internal porosity of the sample. This is due to the strength of the interphase boundaries between the matrix and the reinforcing phase in the composite and to the solidity of the structure. As a result, the created material effectively resists plastic deformation and stress. This allows not only to enhance the strength properties of the composite, but also to maintain the MMC plasticity, which increases its processing ability.
Analysis of the periodicity of movements of mechanisms with elastic links of variable length
Authors: Kurdina S P , Gevorgyan H A
Published: August 2024

Elastic dynamic systems with open kinematic chains are effectively described by a recursive model of the generalized Newton–Euler method with the provision of computational algorithms with a degree of complexity proportional to the dimension of these systems, i.e. O(n). Such systems, in particular, are elastic manipulators, some of which are discussed in this article. In the case when elastic dynamical systems have closed kinematic circuits, the application of a numerical analysis strategy without reversing the mass matrix is extremely difficult. The analysis of the simplest type of elastic mechanisms with closed circuits, such as a crank–slide mechanism and a four–pin mechanism with elastic connecting rods, revealed a peculiar picture of the periodicity of the functions of elastic movements of connecting rods, which differs significantly from the periods of operation of the mechanisms themselves. In this article, the properties of the periodicity (or pseudo-periodicity) of the elastic displacement function of mechanisms with elastic links of variable length are investigated using examples of numerical dynamic analysis of crank–rocker mechanisms.
Influence of inter-ion Coulomb interaction on the dynamics of ionic crystal vibrations under pulse loading
Authors: Zimin B A , Sudenkov Yu V , Yalych E S
Published: August 2024

The low frequency (acoustic) oscillations of an ionic crystal under pulse loading are considered. Considering the large contribution of the Coulomb energy to the binding energy for ionic crystals, the dynamic equations of the oscillations are written using the Maxwell stress tensor determined by the second moment 〈EiEk
〉 of the electromagnetic stress field. The analysis of Maxwell’s and Euler’s equations allows us to establish the dependence of the elastic moduli on the RMS value of the electromagnetic stress field in ionic crystals. At the initial moment of stress, this value is equal to zero and we obtain the value of the volume modulus of the liquid, which is confirmed by experiment.
β
+ surgical radio-guidance using a small Compton-angles collimation probe
Authors: Mehadji Brahim , Dupont Mathieu , Montrot Adrien , Roncali Emilie , Morel Christian , Farman Bardia
Published: August 2024

The fields of radio-guided surgery and interventional
nuclear medicine benefit from a growing array of technologies that
aid novel healthcare interventions. Among them, surgery probes able
to efficiently detect β
+ emitters are essential to localize
tumors previously detected in PET images. Different methods have
been proposed for 18F radio-guidance within the body such as
detection of 511 keV annihilation photons using electronically or
mechanically collimated probes. The main limitations to the
widespread use of these techniques are the lack of precise
directional capabilities and inadequate sensitivity. We first used
the Monte Carlo simulation platform GATE to determine the optimal
signal to noise ratio that can be achieved with an ideal probe.
Then, we focused on investigating a small Compton-angles collimation
prototype probe followed by the construction of an initial proof of
concept demonstrator. The performance of the small Compton-angles
collimation probe was compared with a commercial probe based on
mechanical collimation in terms of sensitivity and
directionality. Monte Carlo simulations showed that in case of an
ideal probe, with a tumor of 1 cm diameter positioned 5 mm under
the skin and with a SUV of 2, the measured signal to background
ratio would be of the order of 25%. The small Compton-angles
collimated probe prototype showed significantly improved
directionality compared to the commercial probe with mechanical
collimation, despite having a sensitivity lower than the commercial
probe. Monte Carlo simulations provide insights into the substantial
impact of the background on the measured signal. Furthermore, the
application of small Compton-angles collimation yields promising
outcomes, particularly in terms of improving the directionality,
with the objective of enhancing the detection of tumors. In
addition, the studied prototype probe sensitivity can possibly be
improved by upgrading the detector crystal material and geometry.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Landslide Studies in Indonesia: A Systematic Review in Recent Years
Authors: Kristyanto T H W , Wusqa U , Destyanto T Y R
Published: August 2024

Landslide is still a hot topic in geological hazard discussion, including Indonesia. Various methods, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), are used to do research development on landslide topics. Therefore, this paper aims to present a comprehensive review of AI-based landslide studies that focus on specific application area, feature engineering method (FEM), and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) sources used in the studies. This research used a qualitative method with a systematic review approach toward recent landslide studies (2012-2022) that investigated systematically in a synthesis. The exploration resulted in 26 papers from national and international indexed journals or proceedings, which filtered into 13 articles that discuss or mention the specific application area, FEM, and DEM sources. The analysis shows that AI applications in landslide studies are dominated for landslide susceptibility mapping and still a few for other applications. It also shows that almost all AI-based landslide studies chose SRTM as the source of DEM. Regarding FEM, only five articles discussed important landslide factor selection. There are four FEMs that were used in those studies, i.e., variable deduction, certainty factor model, C.45 algorithm, and variable importance ranking. From the deep analysis of those 13 articles, it can be concluded that AI-based landslide studies in Indonesia still need to be developed instead of focusing on landslide susceptibility mapping only. Studies to find effective landslide factors and compatible DEM resources using AI also can be new opportunities for landslide experts.
Multi-Parameter Approach to Determine the Floods Causes in North Luwu, South Sulawesi.
Authors: Hendrayana H , Riyanto I A , Nuha A , Ruslisan
Published: August 2024

Floods occur annually in North Luwu, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The exact cause of the flooding is yet to be known; thus, this study aimed to find the main factors causing floods in North Luwu using a multi-parameter approach. The methods applied are hydrological, flood susceptibility, and land use changes in the analysis. The return period and intensity duration frequency of rain (1983-2021) was used for hydrological analysis. Flood susceptibility is obtained from the processing of slope, elevation, rainfall, stream density, soil type, and land use parameters. Land use change was analyzed using the Climate Change Initiative and Land Cover (CCI LC) data in 2000 and 2015. The results of the 1-year rainfall return period in North Luwu were relatively high, namely 83 mm/day, the 2-year return period of 119 mm/day, 5 years of 142 mm/day, 10 years of 155 mm/day, and 100 years 184 mm/day. The results of the IDF analysis obtained that the early rainy hours showed an intensity of 41-46 mm/hour with a total of 259 mm/day, which was considered extreme. There is unity between the results of the correlation of flood events in 2021 with recorded rainfall of 64-153 mm/day. Flood susceptibility analysis shows the dominant high vulnerability in the downstream area of 101,337 Ha, medium vulnerability (208,545 Ha) in the middle stream, and low vulnerability of 57,719 Ha upstream. The high flood susceptibility map results followed the flood events distribution from 2017-2021, while there is a lack of change in the land use analysis.
Sinkholes Mapping in Tanjungsari, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta: A Preliminary Data for the Assessment of Sinkhole’s Susceptibility
Authors: Say Sokvireak , Prakasa Eka Putra Doni , Kakuya Matsushima
Published: August 2024

Tanjungsari district is located in Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta, known as the karst region where the dissolution process has taken place and caused some sinkhole occurrence. However, there is no any study that carry out the characteristic and the specific number of sinkholes presence in this area yet. Therefore, this study aims to create a sinkhole map in the study area with the observation of its physical characteristics based on some important data such as lithological data, geomorphological feature, existed sinkhole location as well as its physical characteristic that were collected by field observation and the secondary data evaluation. Limestone is the only lithology type was found in the study area and it is likely to be influenced by the dissolution process. Furthermore, there are more than 20 sinkholes were found with approximate 1m to 80 m in diameter and a few meters onward in depth. Some of them formed like a shallow bowl and some are vertical wall. Most of them associated with the gentle slope and the soil cover area. The results from the study will serve as important information for further detail study such as sinkhole’s susceptibility mapping.
Characteristics and potential of coal for coking coal in Meliat Formation, Tarakan Basin, Nunukan, North Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Kurniadi M , Rahmat S B , Amijaya D H , Anggara F
Published: August 2024

Coking coal is coal that melts, expands, then reconsolidates during carbonization and can produce coke as an iron refining agent in blast furnaces. Characterization of the potential of coking coal in Indonesia is still being developed. The research was conducted to find out how the potential of coal in the Meliat Formation for coking coal. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and potential of coking coal from coal has been mined at PT. Duta Tambang Rekayasa and it was included in that formation. The samples analyzed were 4 units and the sample was a blend of coal has been mined at seams E, F, and G. The result, all coal has high ash (> 10% adb), volatile matter (> 31% dmmf), sulphur (> 1% daf), H/C (0.88 - 1)(%daf), O/C (0.11 - 0.19)(%daf) and a low vitrinite reflectance (Rmax < 0.5), which indicates that the coal parameter does not match the requirements for coking coal. the low CSN test values (1 - 1.5) and GKCT (B and C type) are the keys to coal in this research including non-coking coal. This coal will produce poor quality coke because many substances will evaporate and do not have plastic properties.
Fracability Modeling in Shale Hydrocarbon Development Based on Geomechanical Analysis of Well Log and Mineralogy Analysis of Drill Cuttings: A Case Study of the Lower Baong Fm and the Belumai Fm of the NSB-001 Well in the North Sumatra Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Buntoro Aris , Rahmad Basuki , Nurcholis M. , Septama Erlangga , Haryanto Lukmana Allen , Anuraga Edo
Published: August 2024

The North Sumatra Basin, Indonesia has a very large shale hydrocarbon potential, especially from the Lower Baong Formation and the Belumai Formation. The Belumai and Lower Baong Formations were deposited in the Early Miocene - Middle Miocene, in transgression conditions, when the North Sumatra Basin was in the regional sagging phase. These conditions greatly affect the facies and diagenetic changes of quartz, smectite and kaolinite minerals in rock fracability. The main problem in producing shale hydrocarbons is the very low permeability of unconventional-shale-reservoirs, so that at the production stage of shale hydrocarbon, a fracability model is needed as a basis for planning hydraulic fracking, thus the fractures are connected to each other and can flow the hydrocarbon fluid optimally. From the results of previous studies, it was shown that the shale hydrocarbon fracability value was controlled by lithofacies, and correlated with rock brittleness, brittle mineral content, clay content, and compressive strength. The fracability model is used to determine fracable zone intervals as a candidate for hydraulic fracking, by using geomechanical analysis of well log data and mineralogy analysis of drill cuttings data from the NSB-001 well as a case study. Based on the correlation results of lithology (Mud Log), mineralogy analysis, MBT, and TOC (Drill Cuttings), the sweetpot fracable window (fracable zone interval) can be determined, which is correlated with the presence of fracture barrier.
Aquifer Mapping Using Geo-Electrical Resistivity Survey for Seepage Mitigation in Kuwil Kawangkoan Dam, North Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan Rizal , Arya Pranantya Pulung
Published: August 2024

The dam built in an area with a productive aquifer system has potential seepage, influenced by groundwater presence. Seepage can cause instability in the main dams or slopes around the dam. An initial assessment of subsurface geological conditions needs to be done to identify groundwater potential as information in mitigating seepage potential in the dam. Kuwil Kawangkoan Dam is located in the Manado groundwater basin with a high groundwater potential. The 2D electrical resistivity approach with the Wenner configuration was applied in this study. Geoelectric data was acquired on 12 lines spread across the dam area. The measurement results show a resistivity value of less than 300 Ωm, indicating the layer is composed of unconsolidated pyroclastic sediments in the form of sand–gravel. This layer has a depth of around 35 m from the surface. The lithology found is dominated by tuff lapilli with pumice fragments that have the potential as an aquifer.
Seroja Tropical Cyclon Destruction Case Study: Permanent Slope Protection Evaluation at Downstream of Rotiklot Dam Nomenclature Building, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Himawan M S , Putranto T T
Published: August 2024

Rotiklot Dam was one of some infrastructures which was affected by the Seroja Tropical Cyclone in East Nusa Tenggara Indonesia in April 2021. There are several landslides at the downstream of the dam that can threaten the safety of the dam, especially at the downstream of the nomenclature building. The right design of permanent slope protection must be determined in a limited time. Geotechnical investigations such as boring, resistivity survey, standard penetration test, and water pressure test were conducted in a short time. Back analysis method was carried out to find extreme soil parameters conditions. The slope protection must meet the national standard minimum safety factor or greater than 1.5. Safety factors of slope protections are evaluated by a finite element method to get the safety factor and maximum total displacements. Every stage of slope protection can give the optimal safety factor values which are required or greater than 1.5, however backfill material will give more load and decrease the safety factor value.
Rock Mass Characterization and Slope Stability Analysis Inlet Portal of Jragung Dam Diversion Tunnel, Indonesia
Authors: Bagyo Mulyo Anggoro , Gde Budi Indrawan I , Anggara Ferian
Published: August 2024

Slope stability is a serious problem that academics are still looking into in terms of human safety, equipment, and structures along the slope. Failure on slopes happens for a variety of reasons, including rock physical and mechanical properties, discontinuity factors, slope geometry, and external variables like as rainfall and seismic activity. The research location was conducted on the Jragung dam diversion tunnel, administratively located in Candirejo village, Pringapus sub-district, Semarang, Central Java Province. The purpose of this study was to use an empirical and numerical method to investigate the impact of rock mass categorisation on slope stability. The RMR (Rock mass rating) method is used to characterize rock mass, and the SMR (Slope mass rating) method is used to measure slope stability. The numerical slope stability analyses were carried out with the help of Phase2 (Rocscience, Inc.). The results showed that the slope at the intake portal was class IV (poor), and that it was unstable utilizing the SMR technique. According to numerical research, the basic design cut slopes with a 51° inclination were found to be unstable even after strengthening. It was suggested that the slope geometry and support measures be adjusted even more. Modified cut slopes were found to be stable after the slope inclinations were changed from 51° to 27° and shotcrete and rock bolt reinforcement were added.
Groundwater Balance Estimation and Quality For Irrigation In The Food Estate Area, Central Sumba Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Dayani D A , Wilopo W , Azwartika I
Published: August 2024

Food estate in Central Sumba Regency is one of Indonesia’s Nasional Strategic Projects that aim to increase the national food supply. Groundwater has been the main water supply by residents around the food estate area in Central Sumba Regency. Groundwater exploitation in the research area uses dug wells, bore wells, and springs. They mostly use groundwater for domestic use and irrigation purposes. Aquifer depletion and declining groundwater levels can occur as groundwater is exploited too much due to the growing need for groundwater. Hence, determining the groundwater budget is required to ensure the basin’s sustainability. This study aims to determine groundwater quality for irrigation in the food estate and estimate the groundwater budget. Besides, water quality is also an important feature of groundwater, and it expresses how sufficient the water is for various needs, each having its requirements represented as water quality standards. Groundwater samples were taken from various areas in the research area, and groundwater’s physical-chemical properties, such as TDS, EC, temperature, and pH, were measured in the field and compared with Government Regulation no. 22, 2021, and FAO for irrigation water quality standards. The results show that the research area has a low to medium groundwater potential. The result of physical-chemical properties measurement are as follows TDS value is 183 mg/L on average, EC value is 366 μS/cm on average, the temperature value is 25.4°C on average, and pH value is 7.3 on average. It can be concluded that all of the samples met the standards.
Identification of Shallow Groundwater Facies and Flow Patterns in Batang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rizky Brillyanto Arifin , Rifky Wibisana Muhammad , Rifaldi Siregar Theo , Wilopo Wahyu
Published: August 2024

Population growth as a result of a subsequent increase in the economic center and industrial complex construction has also proven to influence the shallow groundwater occurrence in Batang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The region per se, had a minimum amount of observation and literature, especially regarding the issue namely groundwater flow pattern and facies distribution. This research discussed hydrogeological assessment through systematic mapping to investigate shallow groundwater occurrence, including 90 observation & measurement points consisting of 89 dug well and one water spring. Based on purposive random sampling with upstream-downstream consideration, 73 of 90 samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine groundwater hydrochemistry. The results indicated that the shallow groundwater pattern in Batang Regency generally flows from south to north with a dominant southwest-northeast pattern. Based on the trilinear piper diagram, shallow groundwater facies in the study area are characterized by calcium bicarbonate, alkaline chloride, alkaline bicarbonate, and mixed types. The distribution of calcium bicarbonate facies is widely spread in the southern part of the study area. In contrast, alkaline bicarbonate is mainly found between the coastline and hilly in the south. On the other hand, alkaline chloride is distributed evenly along the coastal area. Intermixing of different groundwater facies is expected due to its positive correlation between TDI and major ions plot in the composition diagram.
Porosity Modification, A Key To The Carbonate Diagenetic Environments. Case Study: Reefal Limestone, Marah Formation, Miau Baru, East Borneo, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmawati D , Balfas M D , Rindawati P I , Sasmito K , Rahman H F , Rojabi A F
Published: August 2024

Through the Eocene-Oligocene transition, localised carbonate shoal formed the northern part of Kutai basin. Miau Baru is a small village located in Kongbeng sub-district, East Kutai, NE Borneo which has a relatively narrow area with complex geological features. This relatively thick the carbonate successions of Marah Formation previously have less attention from diagenetic perspective. To achieve the objective in this diagenetic study of the reefal limestone of Priabonian-Rupelian Marah Formation, limestone samples were collected and sectioned. A total of 35 samples were selected, 25 from Goa Indah section and 10 from Kongbeng section. This paper compiles current knowledge on the sedimentology aspects of this Kongbeng complex region and includes the first attempt to synthesise petrographic data onto carbonate diagenetic environment and history in Miau Baru Area. Detailed identification of porosity modification helped to reconstruct carbonate diagenetic environment and its application in expecting a petroleum reservoir for the region, thereby highlighting areas where further geological research is required.
Characteristics of pyrophyllite and hydrothermal alteration at Argotirto area, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Martadiastuti V , Winarno T , Ali R K , Purba E C
Published: August 2024

Argotirto area located in South Malang, East Java province, has abundant non-metallic mineral resources, e.g., pyrophyllite. The presence of pyrophyllite indicates that the area has undergone hydrothermal alteration processes. This research aims to determine characteristics of pyrophyllite and hydrothermal alteration at Argotirto and its surrounding area. The methods used in this research comprises geological and hydrothermal alteration mapping, thin section and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses from rock samples. There are five lithological units from the oldest to the youngest, namely altered basalt, altered andesite breccia, altered dacite intrusion, altered dacitic tuff breccia, and limestone units. In hand specimen, pyrophyllite has white to tan colour, massive and waxy/soapy textures. Furthermore, in thin section, pyrophyllite selectively replaces feldspar phenocrysts or it is disseminated in the matrix and intergrown with quartz. In the research area, there are four alteration zones, such as pyrophyllite-dickite-sericite-illite, pyrophyllite-vermiculite-alunite-tridymite, pyrophyllite-cristobalite-sericite-illite-smectite, and pyrophyllite-halloysite-sericite-illite zones. According to hydrothermal alteration mineral assemblages, it can be interpreted that those minerals are formed at low pH (approximately pH 4-5) and relatively low temperatures (100-<250°C).
Exploring bio-nanomaterials as antibiotic allies to combat antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Barsola Bindiya , Saklani Shivani , Pathania Diksha , Kumari Priyanka , Sonu Sonu , Rustagi Sarvesh , Singh Pardeep , Raizada Pankaj , Moon Tae Seok , Kaushik Ajeet , Chaudhary Vishal
Published: August 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an emergent threat to global health due to antibiotic abuse, overuse and misuse, necessitating urgent innovative and sustainable solutions. The utilization of bio-nanomaterials as antibiotic allies is a green, economic, sustainable and renewable strategy to combat this pressing issue. These biomaterials involve green precursors (e.g. biowaste, plant extracts, essential oil, microbes, and agricultural residue) and techniques for their fabrication, which reduce their cyto/environmental toxicity and exhibit economic manufacturing, enabling a waste-to-wealth circular economy module. Their nanoscale dimensions with augmented biocompatibility characterize bio-nanomaterials and offer distinctive advantages in addressing AMR. Their ability to target pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, at the molecular level, coupled with their diverse functionalities and bio-functionality doping from natural precursors, allows for a multifaceted approach to combat resistance. Furthermore, bio-nanomaterials can be tailored to enhance the efficacy of existing antimicrobial agents or deliver novel therapies, presenting a versatile platform for innovation. Their use in combination with traditional antibiotics can mitigate resistance mechanisms, prolong the effectiveness of existing treatments, and reduce side effects. This review aims to shed light on the potential of bio-nanomaterials in countering AMR, related mechanisms, and their applications in various domains. These roles encompass co-therapy, nanoencapsulation, and antimicrobial stewardship, each offering a distinct avenue for overcoming AMR. Besides, it addresses the challenges associated with bio-nanomaterials, emphasizing the importance of regulatory considerations. These green biomaterials are the near future of One Health Care, which will have economic, non-polluting, non-toxic, anti-resistant, biocompatible, degradable, and repurposable avenues, contributing to sustainable development goals.
Effect of pinless friction stir processing on microstructure and properties of surface modification layer of 2024 aluminum alloy
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Xiangju , Wang Youqiang , Duan Jizhou
Published: August 2024

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an advanced material surface modification technology that is both green and energy-efficient. This technology plays a crucial role in regulating the surface microstructure of alloys and improving alloys’ surface properties. It reaches this through the synergistic effect of non-equilibrium thermodynamic and surface mechanical deformation. In this work, the surface modification of an aluminum alloy was performed using pin-less FSP. Then, the modified surface was analyzed using stress–strain curves, optical microscopy (OM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical tests to investigate the impact of spindle velocity on the properties of the modified layer. Results of the study show that after undergoing pinless FSP modification treatment, the surface of the alloy appears bright and flat. The modified layer displays refined grains and numerous dispersed second-phase particles. Furthermore, the grains in the modified layer exhibit a gradient distribution from the surface to the matrix. Regarding the properties, compared to the base material (BM), the yield strength (σ
0.2) and tensile strength (σ

b
) of the alloy-modified layer were increased by 34.8% and 29.4%, respectively. The maximum elongation (δ) of the modified coating reached 22.3%. The modified layer exhibits a tough-brittle mixed fracture pattern. Additionally, the modified layer’s corrosion resistance significantly improves. The performance of the modified coating shows the most significant improvement when the spindle speed reaches 1000 rpm.
Microwave dielectric properties of normal, fibroelastotic, and malignant human lung tissue
Authors: Evans Audrey L , Buehler Darya , Schulte Jefree J , McCarthy Daniel P , Hagness Susan C
Published: August 2024

Technological development of microwave treatment and detection techniques for lung cancer requires accurate and comprehensive knowledge of the microwave dielectric properties of human lung tissue. We characterize the dielectric properties of room temperature human lung tissue from 0.5 to 10 GHz for three lung tissue groups: normal, fibroelastotic, and malignant. We fit a two-pole Debye model to the measured frequency-dependent complex permittivity and calculate the median Debye parameters for the three groups. We find that malignant lung tissue is approximately 10% higher in relative permittivity and conductivity compared to normal lung tissue; this trend matches previously reported normal versus malignant data for other biological tissues. There is little contrast between benign lung tissue with fibroelastosis and malignant lung tissue. We extrapolate our data from room temperature to 37 °C using a temperature-dependence model for animal lung tissue and use the Maxwell-Garnett dielectric mixing model to predict the dielectric properties of inflation-dynamic human lung tissue; both approximations correspond with previously reported dielectric data of bovine and porcine lung tissue.
Women’s Rights and Political Violence
Authors: Karim Sabrina , Hill, Jr. Daniel W
Published: August 2024

Chapter 4 explores the connection between women’s rights and political violence. The chapter starts out by conceptualizing women’s rights and developing an indicator for it. The rest of the chapter is focused on theorizing about the connection between women’s rights and interstate war, intrastate conflict, repression, and terrorism. The first theory focuses on signaling, arguing that when states adopt women’s rights, they signal their liberalism and/or their willingness to make concessions. A second theory posits that women’s rights create a vibrant civil society that engages in “watchdog” activities to monitor state behavior. In other words, for women’s rights to be adopted, women’s advocacy organizations are needed. These organizations monitor state behavior, and they may also push for peaceful resolution to conflict. The chapter finds that women’s rights are associated with less state repression, especially when there are more women’s advocacy organizations.
Conclusion
Authors: Karim Sabrina , Hill, Jr. Daniel W
Published: August 2024

This Conclusion summarizes the book. It begins by revisiting the book’s primary objective— to explore the connections between women’s status and various forms of political violence—and the new methods adopted to explore that objective, in particular the focus on four concepts related to women’s status: women’s inclusion, women’s rights, harm to women, and beliefs about women’s status. The chapter then summarizes the findings from each chapter, regarding those concepts, and contextualizes them within political science as it currently stands. The chapter also addresses the limitations of the book and suggests both future research agendas and policy recommendations. It concludes by bringing gender equality back into the fold.
Hypertension
Authors: Boarder Michael , Dixon Jane , Newby David , Navti Phyllis , Zetterström Tyra
Published: August 2024

This chapter discusses the key concepts surrounding hypertension. The clinical definition of hypertension refers to situations which relate elevated blood pressure to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). If left untreated, the consequences of hypertension lead to a greater probability of major cardiovascular and kidney disease and, consequently, a shorter lifespan. The chapter explains the physiological control of arterial blood pressure through antihypertensive drugs. As the chapter explains, drugs in common use for hypertension act at all levels of control. The chapter then details strategies for the drug treatment of hypertension. It also considers the notions of comorbidities, non-drug measures, threshold, urgency, and target blood pressure.
Introduction
Authors: Hurley Paul
Published: August 2024

This chapter makes the case that outcome-centered accounts tyrannize not only in ethics but also in our theories of actions, reasons, and attitudes, and that this tyranny has a profoundly distorting effect on our self-understanding as agents and our approach to the explanation and justification of policies and social practices. It presents arguments, both ethical and non-ethical, purporting to establish that outcome-centered ethics—consequentialism—is completely unavoidable, and arguments, both ethical and non-ethical, that the same approach to ethics is completely unacceptable; moreover, it suggests that the case for consequentialist ethical theory is grounded outside of ethics, in the theories of action and mind. The chapter suggests that the arguments for an outcome-centered approach commit two conflations, and it outlines what these conflations are. To expose these conflations is to overthrow the tyrannical rule of outcome-centered accounts of attitudes, actions, reasons, ethics, and of our social practices and policies.
The Ethical Consequentializing Argument
Authors: Hurley Paul
Published: August 2024

This chapter takes up the most ambitious of the ethical arguments for consequentialism, the ethical consequentializing argument. This ethical form of the consequentializing argument purports to provide a conversion of any plausible ethical theory into a substantive form of act-consequentialism that is deontically equivalent, yielding the same deontic verdicts as the target theory. The chapter demonstrates, however, that even standard alternatives, in particular Aristotelian virtue ethics and Kantian ethics, cannot be consequentialized. The consequentializing strategy, even when applied to these standard alternatives, fails on its own terms to produce consequentialized counterparts: it can either produce a substantive version of consequentialism or secure deontic equivalence with the target theory—but not both. Faithfully deploying the strategy even upon our standard alternatives to consequentialism demonstrates not only that such theories cannot be put in consequentialized form, but that they are not forms of consequentialism.