bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide double‐network ionic conductive hydrogel strain sensor with high sensitivity and high elongation at break
Authors: Wu Zijian , Liu Xiaorui , Xu Qi , Zhang Liying , Abdou Safaa N. , Ibrahim Mohamed M. , Zhang Jing , El‐Bahy Zeinhom M. , Guo Ning , Gao Junguo , Weng Ling , Guo Zhanhu
Published: July 2024

As a soft material with biocompatibility and stimulation response, ionic conductive hydrogel‐based wearable strain sensors show great potential across a wide spectrum of engineering disciplines, but their mechanical toughness is limited in practical applications. In this study, freeze‐thawing techniques were utilized to fabricate double‐network hydrogels of poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyacrylamide (PVA/PAM) with both covalent and physical cross‐linking networks. These double‐network hydrogels demonstrate excellent mechanical performance, with an elongation at break of 2253% and tensile strength of 268.2 kPa. Simultaneously, they also display a high sensitivity (Gage factor, GF = 2.32 at 0%–200% strain), achieve a rapid response time of 368 ms without the addition of extra conductive fillers or ions, stable signal transmission even after multiple cycles, and fast response to human motion detection.
The Jersey Daffodil Project: Integrating nanopore sequencing into classrooms improves STEM skills, scientific identity and career development
Authors: Hale Jon , Harkess Alex , Könyves Kálmán
Published: July 2024

Societal Impact Statement

The Jersey Daffodil Project, a secondary school initiative, boosted students' aspirations in science careers. Fieldwork, DNA sequencing and discussions with scientists enriched their learning and aspirations. Surveys revealed a positive shift in students' views towards STEM careers. The project also influenced an entire cohort to pursue biological sciences in 2021. The use of cutting‐edge technology reduced costs and time, showing promise for broader school collaboration. This project not only transforms science education but also inspires students, shaping their futures and fostering a new generation of scientists.
MTR3D‐AF2: Expanding the coverage of spatially derived missense tolerance scores across the human proteome using AlphaFold2
Authors: Kovacs Aaron S. , Portelli Stephanie , Silk Michael , Rodrigues Carlos H. M. , Ascher David B.
Published: July 2024

The missense tolerance ratio (MTR) was developed as a novel approach to assess the deleteriousness of variants. Its three‐dimensional successor, MTR3D, was demonstrated powerful at discriminating pathogenic from benign variants. However, its reliance on experimental structures and homologs limited its coverage of the proteome. We have now utilized AlphaFold2 models to develop MTR3D‐AF2, which covers 89.31% of proteins and 85.39% of residues across the human proteome. This work has improved MTR3D's ability to distinguish clinically established pathogenic from benign variants. MTR3D‐AF2 is freely available as an interactive web server at https://biosig.lab.uq.edu.au/mtr3daf2/.
Assessing the potential spray drift of a six‐rotor unmanned aerial vehicle sprayer using a test bench and airborne drift collectors under low wind velocities: impact of atomization characteristics and application parameters
Authors: Wongsuk Supakorn , Zhu Zhaoyan , Zheng Aijun , Qi Peng , Li Yangfan , Huang Zhan , Han Hu , Wang Changling , He Xiongkui
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The unmanned aerial spraying systems (UASS) have gained widespread use for plant protection in recent years. However, spray drift from UASS is a major concern when controlling weeds over large areas and warrants a thorough investigation. This study examined the atomization characteristics of the herbicide florpyrauxifen‐benzyl under downwash airflow using a UASS spray test platform. Potential spray drift was assessed using a test bench (TB) and airborne drift collectors (ADCs) in the field under low wind speeds (<1 m s−1).

RESULTS

Atomization characteristics were significantly affected by the spray liquid, adjuvant, nozzle type and spray pressure. The addition of an adjuvant reduced the liquid sheet length, improved physicochemical properties and increased droplet size under the downwash airflow field. Drift evaluation in the field using the TB revealed that sediment spray drift predominantly occurred from the middle to the entire length of the device when fine‐to‐medium droplets were produced after the sprayer passed. ADC assessment found that higher flight altitudes and finer droplets resulted in higher drift values, whereas the addition of an adjuvant and the use of an air‐induction nozzle reduced drift <3 m aboveground.

CONCLUSION

The combination of using TB in the target area and ADCs in the off‐target area as an alternative method to determine residual droplets in the current airflow provided valuable insights into airborne drift assessment for UASS. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Event‐triggered asynchronous distributed MPC for multi‐quadrotor systems with communication delays
Authors: Shu Yupeng , Liu Chun , Xu Liang , Jin Yihuan , Xu Guijia , Li Kuan , Chen Hongtian
Published: July 2024

This article investigates the formation composition and keeping problem for multi‐quadrotor systems under time‐varying communication delays. First, a distributed model predictive control (MPC) approach is employed to transform the formation composition and keeping of multi‐quadrotor systems into an online rolling optimization issue, accompanied by the event‐triggered mechanism to reduce solution frequency and communication load. Second, to address the asynchrony and time‐varying communication delays introduced by event‐triggered distributed MPC, a set of constraints is designed to restrict deviations between the current predictive state and previously broadcasted states. Consequently, based on the previously predicted states of neighbors, the cooperation of the multi‐quadrotor systems is achieved under asynchronous communication and time‐varying delays. This approach guarantees robust asymptotic stability and satisfactory formation performance for multi‐quadrotor systems under various delay scenarios. Finally, the numerical and software‐in‐the‐loop simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm of multi‐quadrotors under communication delays.
Coboundary expansion for the union of determinantal hypertrees
Authors: Mészáros András
Published: July 2024

We prove that for any large enough constant , the union of independent ‐dimensional determinantal hypertrees is a coboundary expander with high probability.
Construction of a Voltammetric Sensor Based on Niobium Supported on Zirconium Oxide‐Carbon Nanotubes for the Determination of Favipiravir, an Antiviral Drug Used Against Covid‐19
Authors: Kutluay Baytak Ayşegül , Aslanoglu Mehmet
Published: July 2024

This study aims to develop of a novel electrochemical method for the detection of the antiviral drug favipiravir (FAV). For this purpose, a sensitive electrochemical sensor with niobium (Nb) nanoparticles supported on zirconium oxide‐carbon nanotubes (ZrO2‐(CNT)MW) was constructed on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The proposed electrochemical sensor (Nb@ZrO2‐(CNT)MW/GCE) exhibited excellent repeatability, high stability and high sensitivity for FAV owing to the impact of Nb on ZrO2‐(CNT)MW composite. The oxidation potential (Ep) of FAV was occurred at 1.2 V, 1.12 V, 1.03 V and 1 V at GCE, (CNT)MW/GCE, ZrO2‐(CNT)MW/GCE and Nb@ZrO2‐(CNT)MW/GCE, respectively. Interestlingly, the gradual shift clearly indicates that Nb@ZrO2‐(CNT)MW/GCE can exhibit high catalytic activity towards FAV. The proposed electrode has also good selectivity towards FAV. The Nb@ZrO2‐(CNT)MW/GCE system exhibited a linear working range of 5 nM–300 nM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.8 nM (based on 3sb/m) for FAV. The Nb@ZrO2‐(CNT)MW/GCE system was successfully applied for the detection of FAV in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. The experimental results demonstrated that Nb@ZrO2‐(CNT)MW/GCE can be an ideal sensing platform for the sensitive detection of FAV.
Crystal‐Phase‐ and B‐Content‐Dependent Electrochemical Behavior of Pd─B Nanocrystals toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wahidah Hafidatul , Chun Hee‐Joon , Kim Woo Hyeok , Kim Tae Wu , Kim Seok Ki , Hong Jong Wook
Published: July 2024

The manipulation of crystal phases in metal–nonmetal interstitial alloy nanostructures has attracted considerable attention due to the formation of unique electronic structures and surface atomic arrangements, resulting in unprecedented catalytic performances. However, achieving simultaneous control over crystal phase and nonmetal elements in metal–nonmetal interstitial alloy nanostructures has remained a formidable challenge. Here, a novel synthesis approach is presented for Pd─B interstitial alloy nanocrystals (NCs) that allows investigation of the crystal‐phase‐ and B‐content‐dependent catalytic performance. Through comparison of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) properties of Pd─BX interstitial alloy NCs with different crystal phases and B contents, achieved by precise control of reaction temperature and time, the influences of crystal phase and B contents in the Pd─BX interstitial alloy NCs on ORR are precisely investigated. The hexagonal closed packed (hcp) PdB0.5 NCs exhibit superior catalytic activity, with mass activities reaching 2.58 A mg−1, surpassing Pd/C by 10.3 times, attributed to synergistic effects by the hcp crystal phase and relatively high B contents. This study not only provides a novel approach to fabricate interstitial alloy nanostructures with unconventional crystal phases and finely controlled nonmetal elements but also elucidates the importance of crystal phase and nonmetal element content in optimizing electrocatalytic efficiency.
Dynamic ultrasound assessment of rotator cuff tears: The finger compression technique
Authors: Ma Voon Chee , Ooi Chin Chin , Png Meng Ai
Published: July 2024

The article aims to introduce the finger compression technique as a novel dynamic compression technique that can be easily incorporated into the routine sonographic examination to enhance its diagnostic performance in the investigation of rotator cuff tears. The application of the finger compression technique is demonstrated with illustrations, ultrasound images, and videos. The finger compression technique can be applied in challenging ultrasound shoulder scans. The technique enables visualisation of movement of hyperechoic debris or hypertrophic synovial tissue filling the defect of the rotator cuff tear during real‐time dynamic scanning. It also helps to milk bursal fluid into the tendon gap and across the torn tendon into the shoulder joint. The real‐time finger compression technique is a fast, easy and useful supplementary technique for confirming the diagnosis of rotator cuff tears in the presence of severe tendinopathy complicated by bursal thickening and may help to more accurately characterise rotator cuff tears when present.
IFRS Adoption and Performance of Stock Markets: A Comparative Analysis of Frontier Stock Markets in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Imhanzenobe Japhet Osazefua
Published: July 2024

The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is a set of global accounting standards that tries to provide truer and fairer accounting figures by recommending more realistic measurement and recognition criteria, increasing the disclosure of relevant information, and increasing the comparability of financial statements across borders. Most of the literature on IFRS adoption addresses its impact on the value relevance of accounting figures but ignores the wider picture in terms of impact on stock market performance. The few studies that address IFRS adoption and stock market performance focus on advanced economies and lack proper theoretical underpinning. This study addresses the impact of IFRS adoption on stock market performance in Sub‐Saharan Africa. The study applied the autoregressive distributed lag model to test the research hypotheses. The Johannesburg, Nigerian, and Nairobi stock exchanges were selected as the sample markets because they constitute the major frontier markets for foreign investors wishing to penetrate the Sub‐Saharan African market. The sample period was from 1990 to 2020. The results of the study showed that IFRS adoption had a positive and significant impact on market efficiency and size for all the selected countries. IFRS adoption had a positive and significant impact on market liquidity in Kenya only. The study recommends that IFRS adopters should implement stock market policies that encourage the participation of foreign investors following the increase in financial statements comparability brought about by IFRS adoption.
Assessment of intestinal inflammation via fecal calprotectin for early prediction of adverse outcomes in advanced chronic liver disease
Authors: Koller Tomas , Vrbova Petra , Kubanek Natalia , Zilincanova Daniela , Selcanova Svetlana Adamcova , Havaj Daniel Jan , Skladany Lubomir
Published: July 2024

Background and aims

Intestinal inflammation assessed by fecal calprotectin (F‐CAL) in advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) may represent an early sign of intestinal barrier dysfunction. We aimed to explore the usefulness of F‐CAL testing in ACLD in the prediction of adverse outcomes (AO, death, or LT) and refinement of prognostic stratification.

Patients and methods

We explored the RH7 cirrhosis registry comprising consecutive hospitalized patients and a control group with data on disease phenotype, demographics, anthropometrics, prognostic indices, and medication. The F‐CAL was evaluated on admission and reported in multiples of the upper limit of normal or terciles. Predictive power was tested in the Cox model for AO over 180 days. Additional risk refinement by F‐CAL was tested for both groups.

Results

We enrolled 263 cases in the study group with a median age of 57.2 years, M/F ratio 167/96, with alcohol, metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease, MetALD, and viral etiologies in 72.2%, 9.1, 8.0, 3.4%. The median F‐CAL was 3.92 × ULN. The control group comprised 108 cases. The adjusted Cox model confirmed F‐CAL (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.05, p < 0.001) and F‐CAL terciles (HR = 1.413, p = 0.009) as independent predictors of AO. F‐CAL terciles had higher predictive accuracy in CLIF‐C‐AD<50 (HR = 2.49, p = 0.013) and Child stages A and B (HR = 1.706, p = 0.025), in whom high F‐CAL (cut‐off >11 × ULN) could identify patients having 2–3 times higher risk of AO. This approach has been validated in the control group.

Conclusion

Among hospitalized patients with ACLD, F‐CAL values were independently proportional to the risk of AO, particularly in early disease stages when high F‐CAL values could refine prognostic stratification.
Natural course of ulcerative colitis in China: Differences from the West?
Authors: Wan Jian , Shen Jun , Zhong Jie , Ge Wensong , Miao Yinglei , Zhang Xiaolan , Wen Zhonghui , Wang Yufang , Liang Jie , Wu Kaichun
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

Whether the natural course of ulcerative colitis (UC) in mainland China is similar or different from that in Western countries is unknown, and data on it is limited. We aimed to provide a comprehensive description of the natural course of UC in China and compare it with Western UC patients.

Methods

Based on a prospective Chinese nationwide registry of consecutive patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, the medical treatments and natural history of UC were described in detail, including disease extension, surgery, and neoplasia. The Cox regression model was used to identify factors associated with poor outcomes.

Results

A total of 1081 UC patients were included with a median follow‐up duration of 5.3 years. The overall cumulative exposure was 99.1% to 5‐aminosalicylic acids, 52.1% to corticosteroids, 25.6% to immunomodulators, and 15.4% to biologics. Disease extent at diagnosis was proctitis in 26.9%, left‐sided colitis in 34.8%, and extensive colitis in 38.3%. Of 667 patients with proctitis and left‐sided colitis, 380 (57.0%) experienced disease extent progression. A total of 58 (5.4%) UC patients underwent colectomy, demonstrating cumulative proportions of surgery at 1, 5, and 10 years after diagnosis of 0.6%, 3.4%, and 8.2%, respectively. In addition, 23 (2.1%) UC patients were diagnosed with neoplasia, demonstrating cumulative proportions of neoplasia at 1, 5, and 10 years after diagnosis of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 3.5%, respectively.

Conclusions

Chinese UC patients had similar cumulative proportions of exposure to IBD‐specific treatments but a lower surgical rate than patients in Western countries, indicating a different natural course, and close monitoring needs for UC in China. However, these results must be confirmed in population‐based studies because the hospital‐based cohort in our study might lead to selection bias.
Ensuring good welfare is promoted in advertising
Authors: Mills Georgina
Published: July 2024

Georgina Mills discusses new guidance advising against using dog breeds with extreme conformation in advertising.
Preparation and properties of two types of tung oil‐based liquid auxiliary heat stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride processing
Authors: Feng Xiao , Li Shouhai , Yao Na , Yang Xiaohua , Lin Mingtao , Wang Hongxiao , Ding Haiyang , Xu Lina , Li Mei , Deng Tianxiang
Published: July 2024

In this work, two types of tung oil‐based auxiliary heat stabilizers (Ph‐T and Ph‐TO) were prepared for application in PVC processing. Combined with traditional heat stabilizers (calcium stearate and zinc stearate), Ph‐T or Ph‐TO can greatly alleviate “zinc burning” during the PVC processing which can significantly extend the processing time of PVC, so that improve the fault tolerance rate during PVC processing. Notably, the preparation process of Ph‐T and Ph‐TO is simple and does not require any heating, leading to reduced production costs and simplified manufacturing processes. Additionally, Ph‐T or Ph‐TO can enhance the plasticity of PVC, reducing the need for plasticizers and achieving multiple benefits with a single additive, which might be applicable in the production of blood bags or cable sheathing.

Highlights

Two types novel tung oil‐based liquid auxiliary heat stabilizer for PVC processing were prepared. The preparation process is simple and does not require any heating.

These auxiliary heat stabilizers can greatly alleviate “zinc burning” during the PVC processing and which can significantly extend the processing time of PVC, improve the fault tolerance rate during PVC processing.

These auxiliary heat stabilizers can improve the overall plasticity of the PVC material and achieving the multi‐effect.
Thermal performance analysis of oriented MHD convective flow and entropy production of hybrid nanofluids in a cavity induced by semicircles at different radii ratios
Authors: Souayeh Basma
Published: July 2024

The current study numerically treats the magnetic field impacts on the natural convection flow and entropy generation in a square cavity filled with hybrid nanofluid and induced by two isothermally heated semicircles at the bottom and left walls of the cavity. The cavity is filled by hybrid nanofluid (titanium oxide/silver‐water) and oriented under different inclination angles with the applied magnetic field. The simulations in this study were executed via a home‐made code written in the FORTRAN programing language. The numerical methodology considered to solve the coupled equations of continuity, momentum, energy, and entropy generation equations with the associated boundary conditions is the finite volume method and the full multigrid acceleration. Various wake parameters are considered in this research study, namely, the inclination angle of the cavity (α), the magnetic field inclination (γ), the Hartmann number (Ha), the Rayleigh number (Ra), the volume fraction of the hybrid nanofluid (ϕ) and the internal semicircles radii ratio (β). The major findings issued from the impact of these parameters on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics reveal that heat transfer and entropy generation are a decreasing function of the Hartmann parameter. Moreover, the total entropy generation is intensified by 85.23% from Ra = 103 to Ra = 106 for Ha = 10, by 85.818% for Ha = 50 and 83.813% for Ha = 100. Besides, the flow magnitude is found decreasing with increasing the radii ratio β of the semicircles. It is also found that optimal heat transfer rates deducted from the variation of average Nusselt number versus Ra for different volume fractions of the hybrid nanoparticles are obtained for the extreme values of the pertinent parameters (β = 1, ϕ = 8%, Ra = 106). Hence, the present work offers a useful tool and a parametric study for the research community and engineers on the design and optimization of thermal management systems used in a variety of industrial applications, such as heat exchangers, nuclear reactors, and energy systems.
Study on Selection of Excavation Methods and Spacing Distance for Ultra-shallow-Buried and River-Crossing Tunnel with Small Clearance
Authors: Gong Zhiqun , Guo Hongyu , Fu Helin , Zhao Yibo , Peng Zetong
Published: July 2024

For the mined land section of the river-crossing tunnel with small clearance, the study should be carried out for excavation method and safe spacing before the tunnel construction, for engineering properties of surrounding rock is poor and the distance between two tunnel tubes is small. In this paper, in combination with the mined land section works of the river-crossing tunnel on Rongjiang Fourth Road, the finite difference numerical simulation software was adopted to calculate mechanical behaviors of three construction methods: three-bench method, CD method and CRD method under different excavation spacing (10 m, 20 m, 30 m and 40 m) on the basis of grouting and pre-reinforcement of surrounding rock in the early stage. The calculation results indicate that vault displacement and ground settlement can notmeet the specification requirements when the three-bench method is adopted for construction, even if the excavation spacing between the former and latter tunnels is 40m; When the CD method is adopted for construction, vault displacement and ground settlement meet the specification requirements when the excavation spacing between the former and latter tunnels is 40m; When the CRD method is adopted for construction, vault displacement and ground settlement meet the specification requirements when the excavation spacing between the former and latter tunnels is 30m; The control effect of initial support deformation and surrounding rock displacement is in the following sequence: CRD method > CD method > three-bench method. Considering various factors, it is found that the CD method is more reasonable and efficient. Therefore, the CD method is recommended for tunnel excavation and the tunnelling spacing should be controlled to 40m.
Experimental Study on Back Fill Material of a High Fill Slope
Authors: Liu Song
Published: July 2024

Aiming at the problem of high fill slope engineering in China’s airports, a high fill slope project of a new airport was selected as the research object. Through on-site engineering investigation, it was found that the backfill material was mainly moderately weathered stone, with high strength and not easy to break, accompanied by silty clay. The particle shape was mainly high angular and the surface was rough. In order to explore the mechanical properties of backfill materials for high fill slope of airport, the material parameters were calibrated by indoor screening test, stone wear and liquid-plastic limit test, natural water content test and saturated water absorption test.
Hybrid Noise Eliminating Algorithm for Radar Target Images Based on the Time-Frequency Domain
Authors: Ma Xiaoyu , Li Kunmei , Wang Zhiwei , Xu Wei , Bian Zheng , Du Zicheng , Deng Longbo
Published: July 2024

The radar target imaging effect directly affects the resolution of the radar target, which affects the commander’s decision. However, the hybrid noise composed of speckle and Gaussian noise is one of the main affecting factors. The existing methods for image denoising are hard to eliminate the hybrid noise in radar images. Hence, this paper proposes a new hybrid noise elimination algorithm for the radar target image. Based on the strong correlation between wavelet coefficients, this algorithm first uses the wavelet coefficient correlation denoising algorithm (WCCDA) to filter the high-frequency information and high-frequency part of low-frequency information for different directions of the three channels of the image. Then, an improved adaptive median filtering algorithm (IAMF) is proposed to perform fine-grained filtering on each re-constructed channel. Finally, the radar target image is reconstructed. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the comparison approaches in the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and mean-square error (MSE) indexes with better denoising effects.
Study on Strain Characteristics of Long Longitudinal Slope Asphalt Pavement Surface
Authors: Li Xu , Liu Weiqin , Qin Jinxi , Zhao Xiuxing , Chen Jie
Published: July 2024

To study the changes in shear and tensile strains of asphalt pavement under vehicle moving loads on long longitudinal slopes, a structural model of asphalt pavement was established using Abaqus finite element calculation software. A single factor analysis was conducted on different slopes, driving speeds, temperatures, and braking coefficients. The calculation results show that the maximum shear strain increases with the increase of road slope, temperature, and braking coefficient, but decreases with the increase of driving speed; The maximum tensile strain increases with the increase of road slope, driving speed, and braking coefficient, but decreases with the increase of temperature. When the vehicle is driving smoothly, the maximum shear strain occurs at a distance of about 5cm from the road surface, and the maximum tensile strain occurs at a distance of 6cm from the road surface, both of which occur in the middle layer. In the design phase, targeted improvements can be made to the shear and tensile properties of the asphalt surface layer in the middle layer, in order to enhance the road performance of the asphalt surface layer in long and long longitudinal slopes. When the vehicle is braking, when the braking coefficient is high, the road surface will generate significant shear strain. In the design stage, it is necessary to improve the shear resistance of the upper layer of asphalt concrete in a targeted manner.
Evaluating the Performance of Reinforced Unpaved Roads Using Plate Load Tests
Authors: Gidday Bisrat Gissila , Gidday Biruk Gissila
Published: July 2024

This study presents the strength of geosynthetic-reinforced unpaved road sections over soft subgrade utilizing plate load Test through a rectangular model box. Geotextile, geogrid, and geonet were used as a reinforcing component. The bearing capacity determined by the plate load test from the laboratory was compared with an analytical solution. The primary objective behind the reinforcement is to decrease the structural section without changing the traffic capacity and to increase the durability of the pavement. The test results showed the implications of a geosynthetic position on the strength of unpaved test sections, through a double reinforcement position always yielded the best improvement. It is seen from the results that there is a substantial increment in the Bearing Capacity of unpaved sections due to single reinforcements attaining a rate of about 34.60% with bi-axial geogrid, about 29.81% with geonet, and about 32.50% with nonwoven geotextile when reinforced within top one-third of subgrade layer.
The Influence of Controlled Vibration Effects on Fluid Flow in Technological and Engineering Processes
Authors: Fedyushkin Alexey
Published: July 2024

This article presents the results of studies demonstrating the influence of nonlinear effects of laminar flow under vibrational harmonic effects on fluid flow and heat transfer. The paper summarizes the results of research on the influence of vibrations in various fluid flow problems. The effect of periodic oscillations on the symmetrization of an asymmetric flow in a diffuser, on Rayleigh-Bernard convection and on the wide of boundary layers in various single crystal growth processes are shown.
Deformation Analysis of Deep Buried Soft Rock Tunnel and Adaptive Control Measure of TBM Construction
Authors: Zhang Maochu , Yan Tianyou , Zhang Guoqiang , Li Jianhe
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on the deformation mechanism of deep buried soft rock tunnel and adaptive prevention and control measures for TBM construction. For the case of large deformation in deep buried soft rock tunnel, the maximum resistance of support measures such as steel arches, anchor rods, and shotcrete is determined based on the support plan. Based on the determination of surrounding rock types, deformation monitoring data, and support resistance, the convergence constraint method is used to theoretically invert the mechanical parameters of deep buried soft rock, and combined with relevant standard parameter values for verification, reasonable mechanical parameters for deep buried soft rock are obtained. Based on the finite element method, open TBM excavation simulation is conducted for tunnel, and the mechanical response of surrounding rock is studied. The reasons for support structure failure are analyzed, and adaptive prevention and control measures for soft rock deformation are studied.
Analysis of the Hydraulic Characteristics of the Debris Flow Disaster Chain in Baozhuping Gully and Analysis of the Conditions for Debris Flow Initiation
Authors: Yue Hai , Wu Dingde , Hou Lifeng , Zhang Mingliang
Published: July 2024

Taking the Baozhuping gully landslide-debris flow disaster chain in Ya’an City as an example, through field investigation and on-site measurement, this study analyzed the characteristics of the collapse and breakthrough during the “7.16” debris flow outbreak, and provided the types of dam break and its hydraulic characteristics after the landslide slide. The results show that the instability of the dam body of the pond is mainly due to the damage caused by the overflow of the top, and the maximum flow rate of the dam break reaches 30.12 m3/s, which triggers the initiation of debris flow downstream, providing reference for the prevention and control of similar debris flows.
Research on the Application of Double-Pipe Split-Grouting Anchor in Deep Fill Slope Engineering
Authors: Liang Dianjun , Li Zhao , Sun Xunhai , Yang Haitao , Ma Binbin , Fan Hao
Published: July 2024

In recent years, with the continuous development of China’s construction industry, the site selection of construction projects has become more and more complex, and more and more construction projects have encountered deep and complex filling problems. This paper is based on a project in the north of China, which is a deep and complex filling slope and the support form is pile-anchor support. Considering the risk of deep and complex soil filling on slope stability, in order to ensure the construction quality and safety, the double-pipe split anchor test is studied and analyzed. Through the comparison of engineering test, numerical simulation and actual monitoring data, it is shown that the scheme has a good effect on improving the quality of anchor, and has certain guiding significance for similar projects.
Load Calculation and Strength Analysis of Prefabricated Floating Dock
Authors: Zeng Yu , Guo Jianting , Zheng Kai
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a multi-module assembly floating dock, which is assembled by a pin-jointed hinge structure between modules. Based on the design wave method, the three-dimensional potential flow theory is used to calculate the loads and analyze the strength of the assembly floating dock, and the configuration is optimized and analyzed. The results show that the longitudinal torque load in the wave load of the floating dock is the largest, and the maximum stress area is the connection between the platform and the column. Based on numerical results, structural strengthening design and analysis were carried out for multiple high-stress areas, which significantly reduced structural stress, with a maximum reduction of 54%, making the structural strength meet the design requirements. The research results of this paper can provide a reference for the design and strength optimization of floating dock configurations in the future.
Urban Development Potential Evaluation of Prefabricated Buildings Based on PCA-TOPSIS Model
Authors: Gan Qili , Li Langhua , Huang Qiming , Chen Wanqing
Published: July 2024

In recent years, with the strong support of the Chinese government, prefabricated buildings have entered a period of rapid development. Prefabricated buildings occupy an important position in the construction industry in China. However, in the process of the implementation of prefabricated buildings, it is found that each region has different economic, technological and social levels, and each city has different development strategic goals and related supporting policies. The development potential of prefabricated buildings is very different, the development process is different, and the potential needs to be tapped. Based on the literature research method, this paper selects 25 evaluation indicators from four aspects of policy, economy, technology and market, adopts the principal component weighted TOPSIS evaluation method to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of the development potential of prefabricated buildings in cities, and makes a comprehensive evaluation of the development potential of prefabricated buildings in cities, so as to help cities understand their own development potential of prefabricated buildings. Develop prefabricated building development strategy to provide reference.
Mechanical Characteristics of Assembled Overhanging Composite Roadbed Structure
Authors: Tang Rui , Li Hao , You Minglong , Li Gongchang , Tan Fei
Published: July 2024

In order to solve the problems of narrow roads, difficult construction, long construction period and high impact on the surrounding environment encountered during the construction of mountainous highways, railroads and other infrastructures, this paper proposes an assembled overhang composite roadbed structure. The mechanical analysis of the assembled overhang is carried out, and the three-dimensional finite element numerical model of the assembled roadbed structure is established, and the force characteristics of the overhang structure are analyzed. The results show that there is stress concentration between the two spans of the road panel, and the deformation of the road panel is mainly concentrated in the overhang side, and the deformation of the side span is larger than that of the middle span. The stress concentration phenomenon appeared on the outer side of the connection end of the middle overhanging and column, and the horizontal displacement of the middle column was larger, and the displacement was about twice that of the edge column. The research results can provide useful guidance for the design and optimization of assembled overhanging roadbeds.
Experimental Study on a Void Imagination Approach for a Full-Scale Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Specimen in Long-Span Suspension Bridge Tower with Electromechanical Impedance
Authors: Hu Wei , Liu Qian , Xu Bin
Published: July 2024

Due to complex internal structure details and insufficient quality control methodologies during concrete pouring, defects such as void in large-scale concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) components possibly occur. In this paper, an internal void defects imagination approach using electromechanical impedance (EMI) measurement with surface-fixed Piezoelectric Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) sensors is proposed for a full-scale CFST specimen with a diameter of 3.6m that is employed in a tower with a height of 350 m of a long-span suspension bridge. A variety of voids are mimicked by placing empty boxes of various sizes at various locations under the inner horizontal diaphragm of CFST specimen to test the viability of the proposed method. To detect the existence of the voids, numerous PZT sensors are mounted on the outer surface of the specimen and Electromechanical impedance (EMI) measurement of the PZT sensors at selected certain frequency band are made. Based on the analysis on the impedance curves and the root mean square deviation (RMSD) of each EMI measurement, the localization of each artificially mimicked void defect is detected successfully. Moreover, the distribution of all mimicked voids is visualized with an imagination method based on RMSD values of PZT sensors at different locations. The visualization result meets the actual locations of the artificially mimicked void defects inside the CFST specimen.
Safety Inspection and Appraisal Analysis of a “一” Type Building in a Hospital
Authors: Wu Si , Ding Lin
Published: July 2024

According to the actual situation of the Engineering, the structure safety evaluation is carried out, and the bearing capacity of the main structure is checked according to the corresponding test results and specifications. On this basis, a comprehensive evaluation of the structural safety of a “一” type building in a hospital is carried out, which provides a basis for the subsequent structural transformation and reinforcement, and provides a reference for similar Engineering.
Research on Materials for Concrete (Mortar) 3D Printing Fabricated Components
Authors: Liu Nana , Gan Qili , Tao Qin , Wang Jie
Published: July 2024

Concrete (mortar) 3D printing is a new construction process. Due to the lack of sufficient tensile strength and ductility of traditional cement-based printing materials, and the printing process will lead to the stratification of materials, and most 3D printing is contour printing, only after manually filling concrete and steel bars, 3D printed buildings have a certain bearing capacity. This paper discusses the current research progress of concrete (mortar) 3D printing, the requirements of printing materials, as well as the research status and future research direction of bionic materials. Through analysis, combined with the new material UDHCC independently developed by this research team, it is confirmed that it is completely possible to realize layered pouring components with both flexural bearing capacity and ductility. It provides theoretical and technical basis for the development of 3D printing no-bar construction process.
Research on 3D Laser Scanning for Enhancing Production Quality Control of Concrete Prefabricated Beams
Authors: Chen Jianwen , He Lei , Wang Zhangming , Li Jianqiang , Zhang Bin , Cheng Qian , Qu Qianglong
Published: July 2024

Based on the Hangzhou-Ningbo Expressway project, with the aim of addressing the drawbacks pertaining to challenging quality control, lengthy production duration, and low cost-effectiveness in the process of manufacturing concrete precast beams, this study employs three-dimensional laser scanning technology as a means of data acquisition in monitoring the quality of concrete precast beam spacing, size, and flatness within precast beam yards. By means of statistical analysis on the collected deviation data, various deviations in key indices of prefabricated components are identified, and the underlying causes for installation discrepancies are summarized. The test results convincingly demonstrate that the utilization of three-dimensional laser scanning technology can significantly enhance both efficiency and accuracy in quality inspections of finalized precast beams. Furthermore, this technique holds tremendous potential for application in quality control measures concerning concrete precast beams, thereby offering valuable technical support towards advancing the development of prefabricated concrete beams.
Research on Video-Based Slope Deformation Monitoring Technology
Authors: Yang Jinhu , Xiao Yong , Wang Jing , Jiao Fuai
Published: July 2024

The deformation and instability of slopes pose significant risks to national assets and the safety of people’s lives. Reasonable and reliable monitoring techniques are crucial for the prevention and management of slope instability. Conventional slope deformation monitoring techniques have drawbacks such as point-based monitoring, difficulty in maintenance, and high investment costs. The rapid development of video image processing technology has greatly driven the transformation of measurement techniques. Through research on equipment selection for image acquisition, supplementary lighting under low visibility conditions, subpixel edge detection techniques, video interference removal, development of monitoring software, and integration of field power supply systems, a high-precision slope displacement monitoring system based on video images has been developed. The system has been tested and verified for monitoring performance in both nighttime dark environments and daytime conditions. Field experiments were conducted at the Pan Gui Road Station slope of the extension project of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 4, and the deformation values and trends obtained by the system were consistent with the high-precision Leica total station monitoring data. The system enables non-contact, long-distance, and real-time online monitoring of slopes within a measurement range of 100 m, with a monitoring accuracy of about 1 mm, and has significant potential for widespread application.
The Modular Protection and Design Method of Traditional Residential Buildings in Bayu Ancient Town
Authors: Li Qiuna , Shi Jingyuan , Zhao Yueyuan
Published: July 2024

This paper analyzes the current problems of the serious damage to the common dwellings and historical key buildings in Bayu ancient town and the insufficient understanding of the complexity of the protection work, established the basic idea of traditional residential building modular protection design, and further proposed the specific modular protection method which is composed of current building element data collation, common residential type renovation design, and special building type key design. The longtan Ancient Town in Chongqing is taken as an example for research and exploration.
Analysis and Evaluation Model Study of the Impact of Prefabricated Buildings on Urban Sustainable Development
Authors: Guo Jinjing , Chen Yajuan , Hu Jing , Zheng Yaqing
Published: July 2024

As a new way of building industry that fits the concept of urban sustainable development, prefabricated buildings have a positive impact on urban sustainable development. The influencing factors and influence mechanism of prefabricated buildings on urban sustainable development is theoretically analyzed. In order to elucidate the contribution of prefabricated buildings to urban sustainable development, evaluation model for quantization and empirical study is also established in the paper.
Quantum computation in fermionic thermal field theories
Authors: Qian Wenyang , Wu Bin
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Thermal properties of quantum fields at finite temperature are crucial to understanding strongly interacting matter and recent development in quantum computing has provided an alternative and promising avenue of study. In this work, we study thermal field theories involving only fermions using quantum algorithms. We first delve into the presentations of fermion fields via qubits on digital quantum computers alongside the quantum algorithms such as quantum imaginary time evolutions employed to evaluate thermal properties of generic quantum field theories. Specifically, we show numerical results such as the thermal distribution and the energy density of thermal field theories for Majorana fermions in 1+1 dimensions using quantum simulators. In addition to free field theory, we also study the effects of interactions resulting from coupling with a spatially homogeneous Majorana field. In both cases, we show analytically that thermal properties of the system can be described using phase-space distributions, and the quantum simulation results agree with analytical and semiclassical expectations. Our work is an important step to understand thermal fixed points, preparing for quantum simulation of thermalization in real time.
Baryon number violation involving tau leptons
Authors: Heeck Julian , Watkins Dima
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Baryon number violation is our most sensitive probe of physics beyond the Standard Model, especially through the study of nucleon decays. Angular momentum conservation requires a lepton in the final state of such decays, kinematically restricted to electrons, muons, or neutrinos. We show that operators involving taus, which are at first sight too heavy to play a role in nucleon decays, still lead to clean nucleon decay channels with tau neutrinos. While many of them are already constrained from existing two-body searches such as p → π+ν, other operators induce many-body decays such as $$ p\to {\eta \pi}^{+}{\overline{\nu}}_{\tau } $$
p
→

ηπ
+

ν
¯

τ

and n → K+π−ντ that have never been searched for.
Automated toolpath planning with 3D implementation of a parabolic weld bead deposition model for wire arc additive manufacturing repair
Authors: Qvale Paul , Njaastad Eirik B.
Published: July 2024

To ensure sufficient repair of a metal structure damaged from, e.g., corrosion or wear by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), appropriate toolpath planning and prediction of material deposition for the welding process are required. In the current work, a planner employing combined contour and raster pattern paths based on a sliced surface scan of the damage was developed. To extend existing empirical models for material deposition during welding to the two-dimensional paths used in WAAM, a paraboloid deposition function was used. Realistic deposition rates for uneven substrates were ensured by continuously adjusting the vertex height of the paraboloid in closely timed deposition events along the path. The deposition prediction can be used to assess if additional layers of repair welding are needed to fill a damage. For a repair with a build height of around 13 mm, the damage was sufficiently filled after following the generated toolpath plan, and a minimal amount of voids were observed. Errors in the material deposition prediction were within $$\pm 1$$

±
1

mm in most of the repair. Errors in the predicted deposition were higher in the start/stop regions of weld beads, presumably because the ignition procedure in the welding machine was not accounted for.