bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIRECTORS’ LIABILITY FOR NON-PAYMENT OF EMPLOYEE ENTITLEMENTS IN CASE OF INSOLVENCY OF EMPLOYER
Authors: Višekruna Aleksandra D.
Published: February 2025

The opening of insolvency procedures undoubtedly causes significant consequences for those who are related with the debtor. Majority of legislators recognise employees as particularly vulnerable category of creditors in insolvency. This paper will brieﬂy summarise employee protection mechanisms in insolvency (priorities in payment order and guarantee institutions for payment of accrued entitlements). The central part of the paper will deal with directors’ liability for nonpayment of employee entitlements in case of insolvency. The paper will review Canadian company legislation which introduces liability of directors for non-payment of employee entitlements and Australia which reformed its company law to introduce special norms aimed at better protection of employees’ interests.
AIR TRAFFIC VIOLATION TERRORIST ACTS
Authors: Krstić Marko
Published: February 2025

Terrorism has become a nightmare of the modern world, a means by which to serve and help them to manifest all the more brutal and imaginative. Commercial aviation has always been an attractive target for terrorists, and even a threat to the security and safety of the aircraft may have decreased in the last few decades in terms of the number of incidents, potential damage from each attack increasing. Commercial air ﬂights attract terrorists from a number of political and operational reasons, because they represent the symbols of the nation and the state, and the question to be answered is why the terrorists have not attacked the aeronautical facilities and why some organizations are more inclined to attack aircraft and airports from other targets? Although a lot of attention paid to factors at the national level relating to the terrorist hijackings, little explored why the terrorist organization decide not to target aviation. It is necessary to ideology whose backward linkage, experience, knowledge and environmental factors that might make the organization more or less prone to acts will focus on aviation targets. Kidnapping and other forms of air terrorism have evolved as a means of war is bad for achieving political goals at the expense of the innocent, and they are still among the most effective means of gaining global audience and hide the result of acts.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF MANDATES IN POST-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES OF EUROPE ON EXAMPLES OF CZECH REPUBLIC, SLOVAKIA AND SLOVENIA
Authors: Stanić Miloš
Published: February 2025

This paper is connected with previous paper of this author, published in journal Foreign Legal Life, No. 3/2013. In this paper will be presented the distribution of mandates system in Czech Republic, Slovakia and Slovenia, after the parliamentary elections. In its core, the mandate’s distribution system is the way of converting votes into Member of Parliament seats, after the completion of voting. As a matter of fact, this phase of the election can be done in different ways, and that makes it very interesting researched topic. The author has selected three European countries, and they all are ex-communist countries. This choice is quite logic, because our country, Serbia, was part of that system. The aim of this paper is to bring some general conclusions, after the examination of the solutions in these countries. In our opinion, this topic has scientifically and social justification to be researched. The author wishes to provide a modest contribution to the knowledge of this subject in our country, and beyond. The science should serve to society, and this knowledge could in the future gain an importance, in case of future reforms of Serbian electoral system.
DISCIPLINE RESPONSIBILITY OF JUDGES IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, REPUBLIC OF CROATIA, REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA AND REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
Authors: Kandić Tatjana
Published: February 2025

One of the guarantees of independence of judges is immunity and discipline responsibility. The discipline judicial power includes authorizations to decide upon discipline responsibility of judges and presidents of courts. A normative model of discipline responsibility of judges is a basis for the protection of immunological judicial system and for judges to make quality decision in a reasonable time. Certain countries in transition have synchronized the normative model of discipline responsibility with international standards, while other states create a normative model of discipline responsibility under the impact of political authorities, not obeying international standards, which results in their moving away from international integrations.
INTERNET ACCESS AS A HUMAN RIGHT
Authors: Đukić Dejan
Published: February 2025

The era of communication in which we live, is inevitably reﬂecting in all spheres of our lives, including human rights. Speed of information is something that has become a basic need of modern man. Methods how people are informing today are drastically differ from the methods of, say twenty years ago. Bearing in mind that the man is accustomed to live with modern technologies and often through them, exercised their fundamental life activities, there is a need to examine the current settings on certain human rights, primarily on freedom of opinion and expression. Hardly any development of technologies, such as appearance of the Internet has had such far-reaching effects. Allowing individuals to exchange information and ideas immediately and cheap but regardless of national boundaries, Internet provides access to information and knowledge that were previously unattainable. Bearing that in mind, some States have right to access to the Internet raised at the level of human rights. The phenomenon of the Internet within the protection and improvement Human Rights was also dealt by the UN Special Rapporteur in his report, which is considered in this paper.
IMPACT OF CLIMATE ZONES ON EXOTIC DATE PALM GERMPLASM
Authors: Bashir Muhammad Azhar , Muhammad Ikhlaq  , Ammara Noreen  , Javed Iqbal  , Haider Naqvi Syed Afaq , Muhammad Suhail  , Faheem Altaf  , Kashif Shabir  , Faheem Khadija  , Sidra Kiran  , Muhammad Iqbal  , Riaz Hussain  , Umama Hayat  , Amjad Muhammad Ammar , Aroosa Mehmood
Published: February 2025

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a remarkable crop in arid/semi-arid zone of the world. South region of Punjab, Pakistan is best suited for date culture, but abrupt change in climate is alarming. A research study was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur on five years old plants of 15 date palm exotic cultivars viz Sultana, Shishi, Sugai, Nabtul-Saif, Khudri, Khalas, Barhee, Amber, Ajwa, Medjoul, Raziz, Lulu, Nemeishi, Zamli and Dhaki (as Control) during 2019-2021. Three years’ data were recorded on temperature, humidity, rainfall, plant height, stem girth, number of fronds, frond length, frond width, number of pinnae per frond, fermented fruit %, yield and economic return per plant (Khalal & Tamar), reduction in yield from Khalal to Tamar. Nabtul-Saif excelled in plant height (4.5m), stem girth (2.5m), number of fronds (39), frond length (2.7m), frond width (81cm) and quantity of pinnae per frond (153).  Barhee proved to be the best as Khalal due to its tolerance against rains (24% fermented fruit) and the highest average Khalal yield (75kg), fetching maximum income (7000 PKR) per plant. Ajwa variety led in Tamar yield (37kg) due to lesser reduction in yield (40%) from Khalal to Tamar earning maximum return (6200 PKR) per plant from its Tamar. Medjoul variety showed versatility as it was less affected by Monsoon rains (25% fermented fruit) higher Khalal (70kg) and Tamar yield (36kg) with higher return (6200 PKR) from Tamar. Khudri with 53% and Nemeishi with 48% fermented fruit were badly affected from Monsoon rains. Based on the results, Barhee variety is more suitable for south Punjab region.
Human research ethics committee processes and practices for approving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health research: a mixed methods study
Authors: Kennedy Michelle , Booth Kade , Bryant Jamie , Collis Felicity , Chamberlain Catherine , Hughes Jaquelyne , McGuffog Romany , Hobden Breanne , Griffiths Kalinda E , Wenitong Mark , O'Mara Peter , Brown Alex , Eades Sandra J , Kong Kelvin M , Lovett Raymond W
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To describe human research ethics committee (HREC) members’ reports of: HREC membership structures; HREC processes for reviewing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and medical research; and experiences and perceptions of review operations.

Study design

Cross‐sectional 36‐item survey and qualitative interviews with a subsample of survey participants.

Setting, participants

Current and past members (preceding five years) of HRECs who assessed Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research.

Main outcomes

Survey and interview results related to HREC structures, processes and functioning; challenges in review processes; and what is needed to improve ethical governance.

Results

229 HREC members completed the survey and 13 were interviewed. Half the participants (115 of 221, 52%) reported having an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander representative position. Key issues identified related to assessment processes and resourcing, including burden on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander members, ability for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander HRECs to manage additional applications, lack of clarity around specific assessment criteria for general population studies, lack of cohesion across the application or complaints processes, and lack of resourcing and infrastructure to monitor ethical practice after approval.

Conclusion

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people carry an important role and burden in the review of applications and monitoring of health research. However, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are not presently involved in all aspects of ethical research governance within current HREC structures, including the review and monitoring of approved research. Standardised processes and guidelines that uphold Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander rights and expert knowledges are required.
How well are researchers applying ethical principles and practices in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and medical research? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kennedy Michelle , Booth Kade , Bryant Jamie , Collis Felicity , Chamberlain Catherine , Hughes Jaquelyne , Hobden Breanne , Griffiths Kalinda E , Wenitong Mark , O'Mara Peter , Brown Alex , Eades Sandra J , Kong Kelvin M , Lovett Raymond W
Published: February 2025

Objective

Describe perceptions of how well researchers conducting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and medical research apply ethical research practices.

Study design

Cross‐sectional online survey.

Setting, participants

Researchers who included Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people or their data in their projects, and current or past members (previous 5 years) of a human research ethics committee that assessed Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research.

Main outcome measures

Researchers’ engagement with 15 ethical research practices (on a 5‐point Likert scale, poor to excellent).

Results

561 participants (382 researchers [68.1%] and 179 human research ethics committee members [31.9%]) completed the survey. Across all research practices, a rating of excellent was least frequently endorsed, with the highest frequency being for employing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander team members (38 participants [6.8%]). A rating of poor was most common for enacting Indigenous data sovereignty and governance principles (156 participants [27.8%]). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander respondents had significantly lower odds of perceiving high levels of adherence to ethical principles than non‐Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander respondents for all ethical principles, except employing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander team members. In particular, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants had 65% lower odds of perceiving that researchers have high rates of adhering to disseminating results back to the community (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% CI, 0.22–0.57), 56% lower odds of perceiving that researchers have high rates of adhering to engaging Aboriginal community in research implementation (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.27–0.73), and 54% lower odds of perceiving that researchers have high rates of adhering to engaging Aboriginal community in developing research questions (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.28–0.75).

Conclusion

Researchers are not consistently implementing all ethical practices outlined in guidelines for research involving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. We call for commitment from researchers, institutions and funding bodies to address shortfalls, embed processes, and hold researchers accountable to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, communities and the principles and guidelines they have established.
Outcomes of Teenage Pregnancy in Selected Rural Communities of Akwa Ibom State
Authors: ESSET Dorcas Mark , ABRAHAM Ubong Evans
Published: February 2025

Teenage pregnancy is becoming rampant in the rural communities of Akwa Ibom State. From observation, most adolescent girls are becoming pregnant and are dropping out of school to become young mothers. Interrogation by the researchers revealed that a lot of the girls facing this problem are faced with poverty and in their quest to make a livelihood, they are exposed to sexual exploitation by men who took advantage of their vulnerability. However, the associated outcomes related to their plight were not adequately explored, which necessitated the emergence of this study. Based on this hindsight, this study examined the outcomes of teenage pregnancy in the selected rural communities of Akwa Ibom State. In-depth interview was used as a method of data collection. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 45 teenage pregnant girls (ages: 13 -19) from three local government areas (L.G.As) of the state for data collection. The local government areas were: Uruan, Oruk Anam, and Mbo respectively. The choice of only 45 respondents was influenced by the fact that the number of teenage pregnant girls in the selected LGAs was not known. So, the researchers purposively went for 45 respondents to conveniently conduct in-depth interviews with them. Findings from the study showed that: the main outcomes of teenage pregnancy in the rural communities of Akwa Ibom State are multivariate and are the same across all rural communities. Key among the outcomes were the act of dropping out of school, economic burden, anger/non-support from parents, lack of money, non-visitation of the hospital, non-taking of drugs recommended by the hospital, and no intention to birth babies in the hospital. Consequent upon these, it is recommended that there is a need for widespread sensitization on the dangers of engaging in unprotected sex in the rural communities of Akwa Ibom State. If possible a door-to-door campaign should be organized by the government and other relevant agencies to sensitize teenage girls and their partners on the need to use condoms and other contraceptives if they must engage in sexual intercourse; otherwise, they should abstain from it.
A Conceptual Review of the Knowledge and Perceptions of Female Secondary Schools Students towards Obstetric Fistula in Nigeria
Authors: Oluwafemi Idayat Bolanle , Kainuwa Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Obstetric fistula is one of the major reproductive health challenges resulting in maternal morbidity and deaths among young women of secondary school age in most parts of Nigeria. Recent statistics from the Federal Ministry of Health indicated that about 12,000 new cases are reported each year and this poses serious threat to women reproductive capacity and fecundity. This study is a conceptual review of the knowledge of and perception factors of the obstetric conditions among female secondary school students in Nigeria. Data were obtained from secondary sources such as scholarly research findings on obstetric fistula by professionals in reproductive health published in on-line academic journals and featured on Google Scholar and Research Gates platforms. in addition to data published by the Federal Ministry of Health. The data provided an up-to-date state of knowledge among secondary school students and their perceptions towards obstetric fistula. Findings revealed that among secondary school students, the level of knowledge about the reproductive health condition was relatively low and their perceptions about the reproductive health condition were influenced by belief systems, health education, psychological factors, social stigmatisation, and socio-cultural norms among others. The study recommends the inclusion of obstetric fistula as an item in the curriculum of one of the health subjects taught in secondary schools to boost the level of knowledge and further moderate female students’ perceptions about the reproductive health condition, among others.
A Review of Climate Change, Fodder Degradation and Access Deprivation as Drivers of Farmer - Herders’ Conflict, Unsustainable Livestock Production and Insecurity in North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Tukur Rabi’u , Muhammed Ismail , Sani Mohammed Mohammed , Abdulkadir Ali Danladi
Published: February 2025

Climate change-induced fodder degradation and access deprivation have emerged as significant drivers of conflict between farmers and herders, exacerbating insecurity in North Western Nigeria. This review article delves into the intricate relationship between climate change, livestock production, resource access, and conflict dynamics in the region. The impacts of climate change on fodder availability and quality, compounded by unsustainable grazing practices, have led to dwindling resources for livestock, thereby heightening competition and tension between farmers and herders. Drawing upon geographic, ecological, and socioeconomic perspectives, this review analyses the environmental and socioeconomic contexts shaping the conflict landscape in North Western Nigeria. Moreover, it examines the concept of relative deprivation among herders, exploring how perceived disparities in resource access fuel intergroup conflicts. The study also underscores the multifaceted nature of conflict root causes, including environmental degradation, climate variability, population growth, historical grievances, and governance challenges. Additionally, it highlights the role of policy interventions and sustainable resource management strategies in mitigating conflict and promoting peaceful coexistence between farmers and herders in the region. Ultimately, this review underscores the urgent need for holistic approaches that address both environmental degradation and socioeconomic disparities to foster sustainable development and peace in North Western Nigeria.
The Impact of Digital Banking on Financial Inclusion in Nigeria (2000-2022)
Authors: OLUSANYA Samuel Olumuyiwa , EUCHARIA Chibuzo Ume
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the impact of digital banking on financial inclusion in Nigeria from 2000 to 2022. The objectives of the study focuses on the effects of digital banking adoption, the regulatory environment, internet access, financial literacy, and income levels. The estimation techniques employed include the Johansen co-integration and error correction model. The Johansen co-integration analysis reveals two co-integrating equations at the 5% significance level, indicating long-run relationships between factors influencing financial inclusion in Nigeria, specifically Digital Banking Adoption (DBA), Regulatory Environment (REG), Internet Access (INT), Financial Literacy (FL), and Income Levels (INC). The F-statistic (41.74294) and its significance confirm that the independent variables collectively explain a substantial variation in financial inclusion. The findings show that digital banking adoption, regulatory frameworks, internet access, financial literacy, and income levels significantly influence financial inclusion in Nigeria. The paper concludes that digital banking, supported by regulatory frameworks, internet access, financial literacy, and income levels are essential for enhancing financial inclusion, with a multi-faceted approach needed to foster sustainable economic growth and reduce inequality in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the paper recommends that the government focus on enhancing digital banking, refining regulations, expanding internet access, promoting financial literacy, and addressing income inequality to improve financial inclusion in Nigeria.
Assessing the Drivers and Inhibitors of Entrepreneurial Growth in North Western Nigeria: A Study of Zamfara Metropolis
Authors: Usman Mulikat FolaShade , Anka Lubabatu Musa
Published: February 2025

The study assesses the drivers and inhibitors of entrepreneurial growth in North-Western region of Nigeria using the case study of Gusau metropolis Zamfara State. Primary data was obtained through administering questionnaires where the identified population under investigation was sixty one registered entrepreneurs within Gusau metropolis. The study adopted krejcie and morgan (1970) to determine the sample size, where a sample of (51) entrepreneurs via questionnaire were selected and analyzed using multiple linear regression model (MLRM). Findings from the study reveals that raw materials accessibility, government support policies, entrepreneurship education and training and network opportunities are the drivers of entrepreneurial growth, while banditry, economic recession and financial constraint impacted entrepreneurial growth negatively. The study recommends among others that to enhance and foster entrepreneurial growth, it is crucial that Government of Zamfara should establish small scale financial organization at the local level within the metropolis to make it simpler for entrepreneurs to obtain capital.
Effect of Health Expenditure on Health Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Adebowale Ahmed Abdulraheem , Onisanwa Idowu Daniel
Published: February 2025

This paper examined the effect of health outcomes on economic growth in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. With the objective of improving health outcomes, these countries have appropriated and allocated huge resources to health sector by increasing health expenditure significantly over time. However, in spite of these financial commitments to health industry, health outcomes have only shown slight response, raising questions about this significance of health expenditure in improving health outcomes across the region. The data for this paper was sourced from a sample of 45 SSA countries in the 2024 World Bank data base. The paper was based on the Grossman Human Capital Model on the demand for health, and a fixed effect model was estimated to investigate the effect of health expenditure on health outcomes. The findings revealed that public, private and external health expenditures have negative and statistically significant effects on infant mortality, but have positive and statistically significant effects on life expectancy. The fixed effects showed that public, private and external health expenditures are important in reducing infant mortality by 0.0235%, 0.0257% and 0.2270%; while fixed effects showed that public, private and external health expenditures are important in increasing life expectancy by 0.0119%, 0.00678% and 0.0578. The paper concluded that there is substantial effect of health expenditure on health outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa. Expenditure on health causes infant mortality rate to decline while it increases life expectancy at birth. The paper recommended coordinating efforts on initiatives that include raising public health spending for countries seeking to enhance their per capita income and augmenting their health-related human capital stocks.
Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Associated Factors of Diabetes among Primary Healthcare Center Attendees in Saudi Arabia: A Screening Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alghamdi Riyadh Abdullah Ali , Bokhari Nedaa Saud Abdulaziz , Banoon Shadi kazim S , Hariri Ghufran Ayman Mohammed Saeed , Korani Mulham Fouad Sedeeq , Saleh Sarah Fathallah Abdulkhaliq
Published: February 2025

Background: Diabetes is a widespread chronic
condition, with rising cases due to aging, lifestyle,
and dietary shifts. Diagnosis relies on blood glu
cose tests, and early detection is vital for preventing
complications. Key factors include genetics, obesity,
poor diet and inactivity. Targeted interventions ad
dressing these can help reduce diabetes rates and
improve outcomes.
Aim: The main aim is to determine the prevalence of
diabetes, improve diagnostic accuracy, and identify
associated key factors.
Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed diabetes
prevalence, diagnostic accuracy, and associated fac
tors. A representative sample was surveyed on de
mographics, lifestyle, and medical history, with BMI
measurements and blood glucose tests for diagnosis.
Statistical analysis was used to identify key factors
linked to diabetes.
Results: A total of 964 attendees at primary healthcare
centers participated, with a mean age of 47.6 years
(± 17.1) and a gender distribution of 50.4% female.
Initial screenings found that 32.6% were diagnosed
with diabetes, 12.9% were pre-diabetic, and 54.6%

had normal glucose levels. A follow-up screening
showed 36.8% were diagnosed with diabetes, 12.9%
pre-diabetic, and 50.3% normal. Among 312 confirmed
diabetes cases, 30.1% had Type 2 diabetes and 2.3%
had Type 1. Factors linked to a diabetes diagnosis
included age (higher odds for those over 50), male
gender, obesity (6.5 times higher odds), hypertension
(3.1 times), and dyslipidemia (3.8 times).
Conclusion: The study reveals a high prevalence of
type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia’s middle-aged and
elderly population, with one-third diagnosed. Risk
factors include age, obesity, and hypertension.
Undiagnosed cases pose serious complications,
burdening the healthcare system and requiring
enhanced preventive efforts.
Keywords:
Diabetes screening, Prevalence of diabetes, Type of diabetes, Risk factor, Saudi Arabia
Shoulder calcific tendonitis (Symptoms, Diagnosis and treatment options)
Authors: Alnskawa Soliena Mahmoud , Kanaan Tyseer
Published: February 2025

Shoulder calcific tendonitis is a pathological condition characterized by the deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals within the tendons of the rotator cuff. This condition manifests clinically with acute or chronic shoulder pain, restricted range of motion, and significant functional impairment. Diagnostic evaluation includes a thorough physical examination complemented by imaging modalities such as radiography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify and assess the extent of calcific deposits. Management strategies encompass conservative treatments, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and structured physical therapy programs, as well as interventional approaches like corticosteroid injections, ultrasound-guided lavage, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, and surgical intervention in refractory cases. Early and accurate diagnosis, coupled with an individualized treatment plan, is imperative for optimal patient outcomes and the restoration of shoulder function.

Keywords: shoulder pain, calcific tendinitis
The UK debate around Assisted dying, Dignity in Dying
Authors: Elghblawi Ebtisam
Published: February 2025

Assisted dying is a conflict-ridden and debatable subject, and a broad range of interests should inform any proposed policy changes to promote autonomy and end and mitigate intense suffering by providing a ‘safe and comfortable’ death to patients who believe they would otherwise have to endure unbearable suffering at the end of life. Some could argue that palliative care can’t do it all, especially with its inconstant availability.

The British Medical Association (BMA) and some Royal Colleges have recently changed their attitude on physician-assisted suicide from ‘combated’ to forms of ‘impartial’.

For the last few years, the toll took the UK system to vote for assisted dying and wanted to legalize it. Some countries have legalized it for some time, and some British nationals fly overseas to have it conducted. The drugs that are being prescribed and administered, are both for physician-assisted suicide (patient ingestion) and for euthanasia (physician-administered).

Keywords: assisted dying; assisted suicide;
physician-assisted suicide; euthanasia;
medical ethics; non-maleficence; law.
Evaluation of Pulmonary Function Tests among Smokers and Non-Smokers in an urban area of Nepal
Authors: Kharel Sushil , Mainalee Mandira , Raut Binod
Published: February 2025

Background: Tobacco smoking is common in the world and the trend is more in developing countries. Smoking has a hazardous effect on respiratory functions. Smoking is the single most potent risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive airway diseases (COPD). PFT by a trained professional gives an indication of lung health by measuring airway ailments. Objectives were to study pulmonary function test (PFT) in smokers and non-smokers between 25-45 years.

Materials and Methods: Healthy male subjects, 120 smokers and 120 non-smokers, between 25-45 years without any symptoms were included as subjects. Patients with uncontrolled debilitating diseases were excluded. Collected data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.

Results: A total of 240 males, 120 smokers and 120 non-smokers matched for age, height, and weight were enrolled in this study. From the results, the FEV1, FVC, FEF, FEV1/ FVC ratio were obtained and analysed. The mean difference in values for pulmonary function was highly significant (P < 0.05) between smokers and non-smokers. The mean FVC in smokers was 1.88 ± 0.61 L and in non-smokers was 2.83 ± 0.55 L. The decrease in FEV1 in smokers (1.34 ± 0.47 L) as compared to non-smokers (2.52 ± 0.62 L) clearly indicates obstructive pulmonary disease.

Conclusions: Smoking is common in males between 25-45 years of age. Smoking is highly associated with an abnormal PFT. Avoiding of smoking in any form should be encouraged and PFTs from time to time in adults both smokers and non-smokers will be useful for early detection of the respiratory ailments.

Keywords: COPD, PFT, Smoking
http://www.mejfm.com/JanFeb%202025/Mobile%20health.htm
Authors: Zbaidi Lina , Olol Ikram
Published: February 2025

Background: Mobile health (mHealth), a subset of digital health, uses mobile applications, wearables, and monitoring technologies to enhance remote and continuous healthcare services. It aims to revolutionise healthcare through individualised, precise and on-demand care.

Objectives: This review explores current and future applications and potential of mHealth technologies. It examines the rapidly expanding and revolutionary role of mHealth in healthcare delivery and highlights potential barriers and dilemmas.

Methods: A synthesis of recent literature was conducted to provide an overview of mHealth developments, applications, and growing challenges, including data quality, governance, and regulatory gaps.

Results: mHealth applications rapidly expand into multiple health fields, from fitness to mental health and chronic disease. The rapidly evolving mHealth technology promises improved health outcomes through real-time monitoring and tailored interventions. Despite significant advancements, real challenges involving data privacy, accessibility and equity, technology validation, and concerns about commercial influence on governance and regulations further complicate the landscape.

Conclusions: mHealth offers transformative potential for medicine and achieving precise and individualised healthcare. However, addressing data quality, ethical, and governance challenges is critical for sustainable growth and fully realising mHealth’s benefits in addressing global healthcare needs.

Key words : Mobile health, Digital health, Wearables, Remote health monitoring, Digital health applications
Intermittent Fasting and glycaemic control in Type II Diabetes: A review
Authors: Olol Ikram , Zbaidi Lina
Published: February 2025

This paper reviews the impact of intermittent fasting on glycaemic control and subsequently Type 2 diabetes.Type 2 Diabetes has been labelled a disease of modern lifestyle causing significant health burden on individuals and overall health care systems. Research highlights that poor glycaemic control can lead to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and potentially Type 2 Diabetes. Periodic calorific restriction is hypothesized to reduce insulin resistance and increased lipolysis. Intermittent fasting can cause a risk of hypoglycaemia and dietary measures alone may not be sufficient for weightloss and Type 2 Diabetes management.

Key words: Type 2 Diabetes, Intermittent Fasting, Glycaemic Control,Weight Loss
The Effects of Obesity, Six Weeks of Aerobic Training, and Cold Water Exposure on the Expression of FNDC5 and UCP1 Genes in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Tohidi Sadegh , Attarzadeh Hosseini Seyyed Reza , Mosaferi Ziaaldini Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Background: Obesity is a complex disease that has become increasingly prevalent. While obesity itself is not new, its widespread occurrence is a more recent concern. Stimulating brown adipose tissue (BAT) and promoting the browning of white adipose tissue (bWAT) have shown promise as therapeutic targets to increase energy expenditure and counteract weight gain. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate two main aspects. First, we examined how obesity affects the expression of the fibronectin type-III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) genes in male Wistar rats. Second, we assessed the effects of six weeks of aerobic exercise, exposure to cold water, and the combination of both on the expression of the FNDC5 and UCP1 genes in obese male Wistar rats. Methods: In this experiment, 25 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups (5 rats per group) after inducing obesity. The groups included: A control group (C), an obesity group (O), an obesity group exposed to cold water (OC), an obesity group engaged in aerobic exercise (OE), and an obesity group exposed to both cold water and aerobic exercise (OCE). The aerobic exercise sessions lasted 30 - 60 minutes, with a speed of 15 - 25 meters per minute. The cold water exposure protocol involved shallow water (2 - 4 cm) with a temperature of 14 - 18°C. The OCE group performed both aerobic and cold water exercises in each session. The expression of the FNDC5 gene in the soleus muscle and the FNDC5 and UCP1 genes in subcutaneous fat was evaluated using Real-Time PCR. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software version 16, with a significance level set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: Obesity significantly increased the expression of the FNDC5 gene (P = 0.008). After six weeks of aerobic exercise (P = 0.016) or cold water exposure (P = 0.016), there was a significant decrease in FNDC5 gene expression. Surprisingly, the combination of both interventions did not result in a significant effect (P = 0.75). On the other hand, none of the interventions—whether aerobic exercise, cold water exposure, or their combination—had a significant effect on the expression of the UCP1 gene (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The increase in FNDC5 gene expression caused by obesity may serve as a compensatory mechanism to cope with the condition. However, both cold water exposure and aerobic exercise appear to mitigate this increase in FNDC5 gene expression through enhanced thermogenesis.
Game-Based Rehabilitation and EEG Rehabilitation for Shoulder Recovery Post-stroke
Authors: Sheykhi Farshid , Sharini Hamid , Safarpoor Ali , Dehlaghi Vahab
Published: February 2025

Background: Stroke is a leading global cause of disability, affecting millions annually (WHO). Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate clinical recovery and motor learning in the brain during shoulder rehabilitation by utilizing a shoulder wheel device, simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) recording, and clinical assessments. Methods: A total of 120 participants were initially invited to participate in this study at the Health and Rehabilitation Center of Asadabad University of Medical Sciences. After applying exclusion criteria, 50 participants were included and divided into two groups: An intervention group (25 participants) and a control group (25 participants). The EEG signals were recorded, and clinical status evaluations were conducted for all participants. A specially designed game-based virtual environment shoulder wheel device for home use was employed in the intervention group. Clinical and EEG outcomes were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results: Clinical evaluations indicated that the game-based shoulder wheel system significantly enhanced the rehabilitation process for stroke patients with shoulder mobility impairments compared to the control group. The EEG signal analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of this home-based rehabilitation approach, showing increased patient engagement in the training process. This study highlights the potential utility of EEG biomarkers, such as Pairwise-Derived Brain Symmetry Index (pdBSI) and DAR, to guide and monitor rehabilitation progress. Conclusions: A game-based telerehabilitation system for shoulder rehabilitation in stroke patients was successfully developed, refined, and clinically evaluated. The findings underscore the value of incorporating game-based interventions to improve shoulder function and prolong active recovery periods in stroke patients. Furthermore, this study suggests the integration of EEG biomarkers to optimize and personalize rehabilitation strategies.
Differences in Quality of Life Among Children with End-Stage Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Widiasta Ahmedz , Nail Labiba Athaya , Tarigan Rodman
Published: February 2025

Background: Children with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) require therapies such as hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). These treatments can impact a child’s quality of life (QoL); however, research comparing the QoL between children undergoing HD and those undergoing chronic PD in developing countries is limited. Objectives: This study compared the QoL of children with ESKD undergoing PD versus HD. Methods: This study employed an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional design conducted from December 2023 to March 2024. Consecutive sampling was used for participant recruitment and data collection. The Pediatric QoL Inventory (PedsQL™) version 4.0 Questionnaire was utilized, and data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Results: The sample consisted of patients undergoing HD (n = 12, 48%) and PD (n = 13, 52%). Based on child and parent reports, the mean QoL score was significantly higher for PD patients compared to HD patients, although no significant differences were observed in certain aspects. The highest score was recorded in children’s reports regarding social aspects (91.53 ± 22.2). Conclusions: The QoL of pediatric patients on PD was better than that of patients on HD.
The Effect of a Pharmacist-Led Educational Intervention on Rational Antibiotic Prescribing in an Outpatient Emergency Department
Authors: Salehi Toktam , Ahmadinejad Mehdi , Sarrafzadeh Farhad , Dabaghzadeh Fatemeh
Published: February 2025

Background: Educational interventions are effective methods for promoting knowledge and awareness among physicians to reduce irrational antibiotic prescriptions. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention conducted by pharmacists on rational antibiotic prescribing in an outpatient emergency department (ED). Methods: This pre-post pilot intervention study was conducted in the outpatient ED of Shahid Bahonar Hospital, affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, from February to June 2020. Non-random (convenience) sampling was used. All patients sent to the outpatient ED at triage who were prescribed antibiotics were included in this study. The pre-intervention phase was observational, during which a pharmacist assessed irrational antibiotic prescriptions over one month. Educational topics were determined based on the most common diagnoses related to irrational antibiotic prescriptions, in consultation with a clinical pharmacist and an infectious disease specialist. An educational video was then prepared and provided to the doctors prescribing antibiotics. Subsequently, the post-intervention phase was conducted in the same manner as the pre-intervention phase for one month. Results: During the pre-intervention phase, out of 314 prescriptions, 100 (31.85%) contained antibiotics. In the post-intervention phase, among a total of 235 prescriptions, 100 (42.55%) contained antibiotics. The mean age of the patients was 36.65 ± 15.73 years in the first phase and 37.30 ± 15.71 years in the second phase. Analyses revealed that the educational intervention had a statistically significant effect on reducing irrational antibiotic prescribing with respect to indication (P = 0.0001), dose (P = 0.005), and duration (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: The pharmacists’ educational intervention effectively reduced irrational antibiotic prescribing in the outpatient ED.
Феномен сглаза как способ психологической манипуляции
Authors: Ягудин Д.Р. , Касымбекова Э.Р.
Published: February 2025

на протяжении веков феномен «сглаза» интриговал различные культуры и народы, так как считалось, что он приносит несчастье. В настоящей статье автор проанализирует существующие данные и научные концепции относительно данного феномена для раскрытия его понятия, происхождения и воздействия на человека с психологической точки зрения. Цель исследования: провести теоретический анализ феномена сглаза в психологии, а также рассмотреть его с позиции способа психологической манипуляции. Задачи исследования: провести теоретический анализ и обобщение подходов к определению термина «сглаз» в научных позициях современных ученых; рассмотреть основные концепции феномена «сглаза» в рамках психологии. Материалы и методы: в процессе написания статьи использовались такие теоретические методы исследования, как анализ научной литературы по проблеме исследования, синтез, обобщение. Результаты исследования: в процессе проведенного исследования было установлено, что вера в существования феномена «сглаза» существует с давних времен по настоящее время. В рамках психологической науки вера в сглаз обусловлена тем, что индивид с помощью такого феномена может приписывать собственные несчастья источникам извне. Еще одна концепция предполагает, что сглаз может использоваться в качестве способа манипулирования другими людьми.

for centuries, the phenomenon of the «evil eye» has intrigued various cultures and peoples, as it was believed that it brings bad luck. In this article, the author analyzes the existing data and scientific concepts regarding this phenomenon in order to reveal its concept, origin and impact on a person from a psychological point of view. The purpose of the study: to conduct a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of the evil eye in psychology, as well as to consider it from the perspective of a method of psychological manipulation. Research objectives: to conduct a theoretical analysis and generalization of approaches to the definition of the term «evil eye» in the scientific positions of modern scientists; to consider the basic concepts of the phenomenon of the «evil eye» in the framework of psychology. Materials and methods: in the process of writing the article, such theoretical research methods as analysis of scientific literature on the research problem, synthesis, generalization were used. Research results: in the course of the conducted research, it was found that the belief in the existence of the phenomenon of the «evil eye» has existed since ancient times to the present. Within the framework of psychological science, belief in the evil eye is due to the fact that an individual with the help of such a phenomenon can attribute his own misfortunes to sources from outside. Another concept suggests that the evil eye can be used as a way to manipulate other people.
Особенности влияния затяжного стресса на профессиональное становление студентов-дефектологов
Authors: Замиралова О.В.
Published: February 2025

статья посвящена изучению влияния затяжного стресса на профессиональное становление студентов-дефектологов в условиях нестабильной социальной и политической обстановки. Исследование охватывает аспекты психологической устойчивости и профессиональной мотивации, раскрывая их взаимосвязь. В выборку вошли 124 студента направления "Специальное (дефектологическое) образование". Использованы методики оценки стрессоустойчивости (опросник Е.В. Распопина) и профессиональной мотивации (адаптация Н.П. Фетискина).Результаты исследования показывают, что лишь 10,4% студентов обладают высоким уровнем стрессоустойчивости, что способствует их проактивному отношению к обучению и глубокому интересу к профессии. Средний уровень стрессоустойчивости выявлен у 36% респондентов, при этом у них наблюдаются трудности с управлением стрессом и колебания в учебной мотивации. Низкий уровень стрессоустойчивости отмечен у 53,6% студентов, что коррелирует с поверхностным отношением к профессии и недостаточной вовлеченностью в учебный процесс. Авторы подчеркивают необходимость разработки комплексных программ поддержки, включающих тренинги по управлению стрессом и методы мотивационного стимулирования. Особое внимание уделяется роли преподавателей в формировании положительной образовательной среды и развитии профессиональной ориентации студентов. Выводы исследования акцентируют значимость стрессоустойчивости как ключевого фактора успешного профессионального становления студентов-дефектологов.

the article is devoted to the study of the influence of prolonged stress on the professional development of defectology students in an unstable social and political environment. The study covers aspects of psychological stability and professional motivation, revealing their relationship. The sample included 124 students majoring in "Special (defectological) education". The methods of assessing stress resistance (questionnaire by E.V. Raspopin) and professional motivation (adaptation by N.P. Fetiskin) were used. The results of the study show that only 10.4% of students have a high level of stress resistance, which contributes to their proactive attitude to learning and deep interest in the profession. The average level of stress resistance was revealed in 36% of respondents, while they have difficulties in stress management and fluctuations in academic motivation. A low level of stress resistance was noted in 53.6% of students, which correlates with a superficial attitude to the profession and insufficient involvement in the educational process. The authors emphasize the need to develop comprehensive support programs that include stress management training and motivational stimulation methods. Particular attention is paid to the role of teachers in creating a positive educational environment and developing students' professional orientation. The findings of the study emphasize the importance of stress resistance as a key factor in the successful professional development of special education students.