bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic experiments of acid mine drainage with Rhodopseudomonas spheroides activated lignite immobilized sulfate-reducing bacteria particles treatment
Authors: Di Junzhen , Ma Yiming , Wang Mingjia , Gao Zhenyu , Xu Xiaotain , Dong Yanrong , Fu Saiou , Li Hanzhe
Published: May 2022

Aiming at the problem that the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) biological method is susceptible to pH, metal ions, sulfate and carbon source. Lignite immobilized SRB particles (SRB-LP) and Rhodopseudomonas spheroides (R. spheroides) activated lignite immobilized SRB particles (R-SRB-LP) were prepared using microbial immobilization technology with SRB, R. spheroides and lignite as the main substrates. The dynamic experimental columns 1# and 2# were constructed with SRB-LP and R-SRB-LP as fillers, respectively, to investigate the dynamic repair effect of SRB-LP and R-SRB-LP on AMD. The mechanism of AMD treated with R-L-SRB particles was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The result showed that the combination of R. spheroides and lignite could continuously provide carbon source for SRB, so that the highest removal rates of SO42−, Cu2+ and Zn2+ in AMD by R-SRB-LP were 93.97%, 98.52% and 94.42%, respectively, and the highest pH value was 7.60. The dynamic repair effect of R-SRB-LP on AMD was significantly better than that of SRB-LP. The characterization results indicated that after R-SRB-LP reaction, the functional groups of −OH and large benzene ring structure in lignite were broken, the lignite structure was destroyed, and the specific surface area was 1.58 times larger than before reaction. It illustrated that R. spheroides provided carbon source for SRB by degrading lignite. The strong SRB activity in R-SRB-LP, SRB can co-treat AMD with lignite, so that the dynamic treatment effect of R-SRB-LP on AMD is significantly better than that of SRB-LP.
Targeting aberrant replication and DNA repair events for treating breast cancers
Authors: Rajamanickam Subapriya , Park Jun Hyoung , Subbarayalu Panneerdoss , Timilsina Santosh , Bates Kaitlyn , Yadav Pooja , Nirzhor Saif S. R. , Eedunuri Vijay , Mohammad Tabrez A. , Jung Kwang Hwa , Onyeagucha Benjamin , Abdelfattah Nourhan , Benevides Raymond , Lee Grace , Chen Yidong , Vadlamudi Ratna , Brenner Andrew , Kaklamani Virginia , Jatoi Ismail , Kuhn John , Hromas Robert , Gupta Yogesh K. , Kaipparettu Benny A. , Arbiser Jack L. , Rao Manjeet K.
Published: May 2022

The major limitations of DNA-targeting chemotherapy drugs include life-threatening toxicity, acquired resistance and occurrence of secondary cancers. Here, we report a small molecule, Carbazole Blue (CB), that binds to DNA and inhibits cancer growth and metastasis by targeting DNA-related processes that tumor cells use but not the normal cells. We show that CB inhibits the expression of pro-tumorigenic genes that promote unchecked replication and aberrant DNA repair that cancer cells get addicted to survive. In contrast to chemotherapy drugs, systemic delivery of CB suppressed breast cancer growth and metastasis with no toxicity in pre-clinical mouse models. Using PDX and ex vivo explants from estrogen receptor (ER) positive, ER mutant and TNBC patients, we further demonstrated that CB effectively blocks therapy-sensitive and therapy-resistant breast cancer growth without affecting normal breast tissue. Our data provide a strong rationale to develop CB as a viable therapeutic for treating breast cancers.
Cytocompatible, soft and thick brush-modified scaffolds with prolonged antibacterial effect to mitigate wound infections
Authors: Dhingra Shaifali , Gaur Vidit , Saini Varsha , Rana Kajal , Bhattacharya Jayanta , Loho Thomas , Ray Sudip , Bajaj Avinash , Saha Sampa
Published: May 2022

We report a new strategy for constructing highly antibacterial (zero bacterial growth) as well as cytocompatible (almost 100% cell viability), ultrasoft, mixed polymer brushes onto the surface of 3D printed scaffold made of biodegradable polymers.
Computational insights into strain-increase allylborations for alkylidenecyclopropanes
Authors: Hu Lingfei , Gao Han , Hu Yanlei , Lv Xiangying , Wu Yan-Bo , Lu Gang
Published: May 2022

The reactivity of the strain-increase allylboration with vinylcyclopropyl boronic esters is affected by both the electronic property of the cyclopropyl substituent and the acidity of the boron center.
Comparative study of the crystallization behavior within the Na2O–Y2O3–ZrO2–SiO2 system during heating and cooling
Authors: Thieme Christian , Dittmer Marc , Höche Thomas , Rampf Markus , Rüssel Christian
Published: May 2022

Glasses from the system Na2O–Y2O3–SiO2 with different concentrations of ZrO2 were studied concerning phase formation and crystallization behavior.
Construction of a Cd8Tb4 nanoring for luminescence response to 2,6-dipicolinic acid as an anthrax biomarker
Authors: Ma Yanan , Yang Xiaoping , Leng Xilong , Schipper Desmond
Published: May 2022

One 12-metal Cd(ii)–Tb(iii) nanoring (1.2 × 2.8 × 2.8 nm) was constructed from a flexible Schiff base ligand, and it shows luminescent response to 2,6-dipicolinic acid with high sensitivity and selectivity.
Synthesis of heterostructured dual metal sulfides by a high-temperature mixing hydrothermal method as an ultra-high rate anode for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Rao Yu , Zhu Kongjun , Liang Penghua , Zhang Jie , Zheng Hongjuan , Wang Jing , Liu Jinsong , Yan Kang , Bao Ningzhong
Published: May 2022

A novel approach is reported to fabricate flower-like Cu2S/MoS2/rGO by using a high-temperature mixing hydrothermal method. The synthesized Cu2S/MoS2/rGO composite shows excellent rate capability and long cycling durability.
A high-nuclearity Cd(ii)–Nd(iii) nanocage for the rapid ratiometric fluorescent detection of quercetin
Authors: Ma Yanan , Yang Xiaoping , Leng Xilong , Liu Xiaoming , Schipper Desmond
Published: May 2022

A 32-metal Cd(ii)–Nd(iii) nanocage was constructed, and it shows rapid and stable ratiometric fluorescent response to quercetin.
Photo- and thermo-responsive microgels with supramolecular crosslinks for wavelength tunability of the volume phase transition temperature
Authors: Liang Wenjing , Lopez Carlos G. , Richtering Walter , Wöll Dominik
Published: May 2022

Microgels with photoswitchable crosslinkers based on trans azobenzene−β-cyclodextrin interaction enable irradiation wavelength-dependent control over the microgel swelling capacity and the volume phase transition temperature.
Study of diffusion and conduction in lithium garnet oxides LixLa3Zrx−5Ta7−xO12 by machine learning interatomic potentials
Authors: Dai Jin , Jiang Yue , Lai Wei
Published: May 2022

Lithium garnet oxides are an attractive family of solid-state electrolytes due to their high Li-ion conductivity and good chemical stability against Li metal.
Solvation stabilizes intercarbonyl n→π* interactions and polyproline II helix
Authors: Zondlo Neal J.
Published: May 2022

Solvation of carbonyls, by water, by urea, or by other hydrogen bond donors, strengthens n→π* interactions, and in peptides promotes polyproline II helix (PPII).
Reaction mechanism of aluminum nanoparticles in explosives under high temperature and high pressure by shock loading
Authors: Yang Kun , Chen Lang , Lu Jianying , Geng Deshen , Wu Junying
Published: May 2022

The crystal structure of aluminum nanoparticles in explosives first transformed under high temperature and high pressure by shock loading, and diffusion oxidation of the aluminum nanoparticles then occurred.
Nickel carbide (Ni3C) nanoparticles for catalytic hydrogenation of model compounds in solvent
Authors: André Rémi F. , Meyniel Léna , Carenco Sophie
Published: May 2022

Nickel carbide nanoparticles (Ni3C) synthesized in high-boiling point solvent are used as colloidal catalysts for the hydrogenation of polar groups and hydrocarbons. They are stable under operating conditions (100 °C, 7 bar H2).
Aryl bismuth phosphinates [BiAr2(O(O)PRR′)]: structure–activity relationships for antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity
Authors: Herdman Megan E. , Werrett Melissa V. , Andrews Philip C.
Published: May 2022

A series of di-aryl bismuth phosphinate complexes containingo-methoxyphenyl,m-methoxyphenyl,m-tolyl andp-tolyl aryl groups were synthesised to examine the effect on biological activity and evaluate any structure-activity relationships.
Thallium adsorption onto phyllosilicate minerals
Authors: Voegelin Andreas , Wick Silvan , Pfenninger Numa , Mangold Stefan , Baeyens Bart , Fernandes Maria Marques
Published: May 2022

We studied the extent and mode of thallium adsorption onto several phyllosilicate minerals. Thallium, in analogy to cesium, strongly adsorbs onto micaceous phyllosilicates in soils and sediments via complexation in siloxane cavities.
Vulgarisin-type diterpenoids from self-heal (Prunella vulgaris) and their neuroprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) via a mitochondria-related pathway
Authors: Ma Fengwei , Deng Qingfang , Lou Huayong , Li Jinyu , Xu Su , Wu Wenneng , Wen Qihua , Tang Lei , Wang Xin , Pan Weidong
Published: May 2022

Twelve vulgarisin-type diterpenoids were obtained from self-heal. Their absolute configurations were elucidated. These vulgarisin-type diterpenoids possess neuroprotective effects.
Quantification of Re and four other trace elements (Ag, Cd, Pd, Zn) in certified reference materials and natural waters
Authors: Wang Wei , Ma Lan , Evans R. Douglas , Babechuk Michael G. , Dang Duc Huy
Published: May 2022

We report a simple chemical separation method (i.e., single column and single elution) using an anion exchange resin (1-X8) to quantify Re and four co-eluted elements (Ag, Cd, Pd, Zn) from fresh and seawater matrices.
On the usability of salt metathesis reactions for the synthesis of sterically crowded tris-formamidinate Ln(iii) complexes: success and limits. Spontaneous reduction of Eu(iii) to Eu(ii)
Authors: Bashirov Denis A. , Kolybalov Dmitry S. , Mironova Olga A. , Sukhikh Taisiya S. , Konchenko Sergey N.
Published: May 2022

New homoleptic complexes of Eu3+ and Nd3+ bearing three bulky N,N′-bis(diisopropylphenyl)formamidinates were prepared using salt metathesis in a toluene medium. In the presence of THF, the sterically-induced reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ was observed.
Recent approaches for the synthesis of pyridines and (iso)quinolines using propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Mishra Surabhi , Nair Sindoori R. , Baire Beeraiah
Published: May 2022

This review article contains various synthetic strategies for the generation of pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines from the propargylic alcohols during the period between 2005–2021. This is the first focused review that has appeared on this topic.
4,4′-Dimethoxybenzhydryl substituent augments performance of bis(imino)pyridine cobalt-based catalysts in ethylene polymerization
Authors: Yuan Shi-Fang , Wang Luyao , Yan Yi , Liu Tian , Flisak Zygmunt , Ma Yanping , Sun Wen-Hua
Published: May 2022

Employing ligands with 4,4′-dimethoxybenzhydryl groups, the cobalt precatalysts display high activities toward ethylene polymerization and produce highly linear polyethylenes, the high density polyethylene (HDPE).
Stabilization of lithium anode with ceramic-rich interlayer for all solid-state batteries
Authors: Delaporte Nicolas , Lajoie Gilles , Darwiche Ali , Vigeant Marie-Josée , Collin-Martin Steve , Clément Daniel
Published: May 2022

Significant electrochemical performance improvement of symmetric Li/Li polymer cells at C/4 by using ceramic-rich coated lithium anodes.
Asymmetric synthesis of chiral 1,2-oxazinane and hexahydropyridazin spirocyclic scaffolds by organocatalytic [4 + 2] cycloaddition
Authors: Tian Heng-Zhi , Tang Qing-Gang , Lin Guo-Qiang , Sun Xing-Wen
Published: May 2022

Chiral 1,2-oxazinane spiro-oxindole and chiral hexahydropyridazin spiro-oxindole skeletons are made through asymmetric organocatalytic reactions. Corresponding products were produced in good to excellent yield, excellent diastereoselectivity and good enantioselectivity.
2D single- and few-layered MXenes: synthesis, applications and perspectives
Authors: Jiang Longbo , Zhou Ding , Yang Jinjuan , Zhou Shaoyu , Wang Hou , Yuan Xingzhong , Liang Jie , Li Xiaodong , Chen Yaoning , Li Hui
Published: May 2022

In this review, the synthesis and several potential applications of single- and few-layered transition metal carbides and nitrides (SFL-MXenes) are elaborated to facilitate the advancement of ultrathin two-dimensional materials.
Effects of Stokes shift and Purcell enhancement on fluorescence-assisted radiative cooling
Authors: Ma Xue , Fu Yang , Portniagin Arsenii , Yang Ning , Liu Danjun , Rogach Andrey L. , Dai Jian-Guo , Lei Dangyuan
Published: May 2022

A Purcell factor of 2.6, obtained by matching the emission wavelength of phosphor with the Mie scattering resonance of TiO2 nanoparticles, and small stokes shift improve the effective solar reflectance of fluorescent cooling coatings by up to ∼4%.
Efficient blue CsPb(Br–Cl)3 nanoparticles enabled by strontium halide and amine halide synergetic optimization
Authors: Guo Runda , Zhang Weizhuo , Li Xin , Lian Linyuan , Chen Hongting , Peng Chencheng , Sun Liang , Liu Shiyuan , Zhang Jianbing , Wang Lei
Published: May 2022

Blue emitting CsPb(Br–Cl)3 perovskite nanoparticles (NPs) play an important role in optoelectronic applications.
Deubiquitinases in cell death and inflammation
Authors: Newton Kim , Gitlin Alexander D.
Published: May 2022

Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis are distinct forms of programmed cell death that eliminate infected, damaged, or obsolete cells. Many proteins that regulate or are a part of the cell death machinery undergo ubiquitination, a post-translational modification made by ubiquitin ligases that modulates protein abundance, localization, and/or activity. For example, some ubiquitin chains target proteins for degradation, while others function as scaffolds for the assembly of signaling complexes. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are the proteases that counteract ubiquitin ligases by cleaving ubiquitin from their protein substrates. Here, we review the DUBs that have been found to suppress or promote apoptosis, pyroptosis, or necroptosis.
Targeting protein kinases in cancer stem cells
Authors: Chu Chin Ngok , Lee Terence Kin Wah
Published: May 2022

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of cancer cells within the tumor bulk that have emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Accumulating evidence has shown the critical involvement of protein kinase signaling pathways in driving tumor development, cancer relapse, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Given that protein kinases are druggable targets for cancer therapy, tremendous efforts are being made to target CSCs with kinase inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and overview of the roles of protein kinases in various signaling pathways in CSC regulation and drug resistance. Furthermore, we provide an update on the preclinical and clinical studies for the use of kinase inhibitors alone or in combination with current therapies for effective cancer therapy. Despite great premises for the use of kinase inhibitors against CSCs, further investigations are needed to evaluate their efficiencies without any adverse effects on normal stem cells.
Exploring the Spatio‐Temporal Aware Graph for video captioning
Authors: Xue Ping , Zhou Bing
Published: May 2022

Describing video content automatically in natural language sentences is a long‐standing challenge in computer vision. Although existing methods that capture relational information among objects have made significant strides in the past years, the detailed geometrical and temporal information of objects remains to be further explored. To address this problem, a novel Spatio‐Temporal Aware Graph is proposed to capture more elaborate visual representations, which are able to exploit the detailed spatio‐temporal clues of the extracted object features. By performing graph‐structured aggregation, the proposed model is capable of capturing not only the interactions among objects but also the detailed spatio‐temporal relations. Meanwhile, a Frame Similarity Graph is constructed on frame features to learn comprehensive representations, which aim to extract the global information that the object feature lacks. Moreover, to capture rich video semantics from different perspectives, multiple video representations, that is appearance and motion information, are utilised to learn discriminative representations. Experiments on the prevalent benchmarks: Microsoft Video Description Corpus and Microsoft Research Video to Text demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance in several widely used evaluation metrics: BLEU‐4, METEOR, ROUGE, and CIDEr.
Automatic construction of real‐world‐based typing‐error test dataset
Authors: Lee Jung‐Hun , Kwon Hyuk‐Chul
Published: May 2022

In this study, we aim to automatically construct a test dataset for testing the performance of spelling error correction systems. The Google Web 1T corpus, which includes data on 10 quadrillion phrases, is used for this purpose. Therefore, error words used in the test dataset use error words generated by real web users. There are seven types of error words. In order to obtain the error word, a word set that appears simultaneously with the surrounding context (3‐g range) of the location of the error word generation is searched. In this calculation, we exclude error words with wide edit distances that cause the resolution of original words to become exceedingly difficult. In order to select the final error word from the word set, a word with a high value is selected by calculating the context probability using 3‐g. In the experiment, the performance was measured for two systems (grammarly, MS Word) in service and the recently announced spelling error correction system (Neuspell). The highest performance was the F1 score of 56%, which shows the overall performance, indicating the need for research on spelling errors.
Parameter identification of small distributed hydro generators during excitation system start‐up
Authors: Arastou Alireza , Rabieyan Hadi , Karrari Hesam , Karrari Mehdi
Published: May 2022

Concerning the penetration of renewable energy resources into the power grid, investigation of the power system dynamics to meet the power demand and maintain stability has gathered momentum recently. On the other hand, evaluating the generator parameters in the distributed generation (DG) units as a subsystem of a large‐scale power grid is crucial for control and stability analysis purposes. To this aim, a simple and efficacious algorithm to identify the operational parameters of synchronous generators (SGs) in small hydro DGs is proposed here. The required data for the SG identification using the recommended approach is gathered during excitation system start‐up while the DG is disconnected from the grid. Using the proposed test procedure, the adverse impact of magnetic saturation on estimation results can be avoided. Furthermore, a straightforward parameter estimation (PE) procedure is established here to obtain the intended parameters from the recorded data. Finally, the proposed method was applied to a 10 MW hydro DG, and the results are discussed.
A novel control technique for on‐load tap changer to enlarge the reactive power capability of wind power plants
Authors: Hoseinzadeh Bakhtyar , Blaabjerg Frede
Published: May 2022

This paper suggests a new control algorithm for On‐Load Tap Changer (OLTC) of wind farm main transformer that is responsible for voltage regulation of collector network. The conventional control scheme adjusts the voltage of LV side of transformer without considering the wind turbine voltages. The voltage of end‐string wind turbines may reach the upper or lower limits of Over or Under‐Excited operation regions. Voltages close to upper or lower limits bounds the reactive power capability (generation or consumption) of wind farm due to dependency of wind turbine reactive power capability to voltage. Operation of wind turbine at extreme voltages may stress its power electronic devices. Furthermore, minor disturbances at either grid or power plant may trigger the protection system and interrupt generation due to vicinity of operation point to protection thresholds. The suggested technique integrates the OLTC control into the power plant controller and considers both LV side voltage of transformer and wind turbine voltages. By monitoring the wind turbine voltages, the voltage setpoint of OLTC is adjusted to provide voltages closer to middle of range for wind turbines that prevents the wind turbines from reaching the voltage limits. Dynamical simulations conducted in DigSILENT PowerFactory software for both Under‐Excited and Over‐Excited operation regions demonstrate desired performance for the suggested technique.
A lateral trajectory tracking control method for intelligent commercial vehicles considering active anti‐roll decision based on Stackelberg equilibrium
Authors: Yan Yang , Wu Jian , Liu Xin , Zhao Ying , Wang Shuai
Published: May 2022

Existing research on path following strategies generally does not consider the interference effect of active anti‐roll (AAR) action. This seriously affects the driving safety under extreme obstacle avoidance and other conditions. Therefore, based on the non‐cooperative Stackelberg equilibrium theory, this research proposes a lateral trajectory tracking strategy that considers AAR decision. First, a yaw‐roll coupled dynamic model of commercial vehicle with front wheel angle and AAR moment as input is established to describe the coupling effect of vehicle lateral and roll motions. Then, based on the Stackelberg equilibrium theory, active front steering (AFS) system and AAR bar system are modelled as the leader and follower in the leader–follower collaborative control strategy, respectively. Finally, simulation and experiments show that the leader–follower collaborative control strategy can effectively improve the control conflict between the two systems and improve the anti‐roll performance during trajectory tracking.
Method for optimising the performance of PML in anchor‐loss limited model via COMSOL
Authors: Li Peng , Ou Jun‐Yu , Yan Jize
Published: May 2022

Perfectly matched layer has been used for solving anchor‐loss limited quality factor in the Micro electromechanical systems. However, setting up a well‐behaved perfectly matched layer requires users to change the parameters of a perfectly matched layer to give correct results, while the current existing methods for choosing the right parameters are vague and lack theoretical support. Based on the mathematical theory of perfectly matched layer and simulation results of a beam structure's quality factor, this paper proposes a method for choosing the parameter to optimise the performance of perfectly matched layer in COMSOL. The accuracy of the proposed method is proved by matching the effect of substrate height on beam's quality factor with theory prediction. The author also studies the effect of beam height and beam width on the quality factor of the beam. The results demonstrate that simulated quality factors are in agreement with analytical values when the ratio of height over length is small but will show great divergence when height equals the length. This trend can be observed for the beam width as well. Especially for larger ratio of beam width over beam length, instead of decreasing monotonously as analytical equitation would expect, the simulated quality factor will converge into a stable value of 1700, which matches the result of two‐dimensional model for the same beam structure. This means that a three‐dimensional model has to be used for estimating the quality factor of a beam structure.
Real-Time Implementation of Sliding Mode Controller for Buck Power Converter using DSpace 1104
Authors: Bentalhik Issam , El Fadil Hassan , El Idrissi Zakariae , Lassioui Abdellah
Published: May 2022

This paper deals an experimental validation of a nonlinear controller using a sliding mode control (SMC) with integral action for a dc-dc buck power converter. The main control objectives are: i) perfect regulation of inductor current with unknown load resistance variation, ii) and ensure the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system. To this end, a SMC with integral action is elaborated. Using Matlab-Simulink software, numerical simulations are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, using an experimental test bench, the real-time controller is developed based on the Dspace 1104 card in real time (RT). It was shown, using formal analysis, simulations and experiments, that the controller achieves all desired performances.
An improved approach to resolve a combinatorial optimization problem based CoronaVirus Optimization Algorithm
Authors: El Majdoubi Omayma , Abdoun Farah , Abdoun Otman
Published: May 2022

Combinatorial optimization problems refer to intractable problems that can’t be performed using exact methods. The resolution of combinatorial problems geared towards the application of heuristics, metaheuristics also matheuristics, in order to provide good enough approximations. As exact methods provide resolution corresponding to small problem scale, the approximation methods target large scale of complex problems. Metaheuristics are used to deploy intelligent methods to solve complex problems in a reasonable amount of time. The performance of a metaheuristic is improved by means of parameters adjustment as well as, hybridization within heuristics, iterative improvement methods or various metaheuristics. The cooperation of several optimization algorithms leads to improve resolution, also to overcome the limitations reported in resolving NP-hard problems. The resolution of complex problems, is thus constrained by stagnation on local optimums, as the optimization process is possibly stagnant on a specific search space region. In fact, traveling salesman problem is a combinatorial problem, that arises problematics related to the efficiency of its resolution methods. The aim of this work is to investigate on the improvement of a new bio-inspired method so-called coronavirus optimization algorithm in order to provide improved resolutions to traveling salesman problem. Various intelligent approaches are investigated and hybridized within coronavirus optimization algorithm, namely random replicate operator, elitist selective replicate operator, iterated local search, stochastic hill-climbing also improved self-organizing map. The numerical results are obtained using symmetric TSPLIB benchmarks.
Social distance monitoring using YoloV4 on aerial drone images
Authors: El Habchi Ali , Baibai Kaoutar , Moumen Younes , Zerouk Ilham , Khiati Wassim , Rahmoune Nourdine , Berrich Jamal , Bouchentouf Toumi
Published: May 2022

Monitoring social distancing in public spaces plays a crucial role in controlling and slowing the spread of the coronavirus during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using camera-equipped drone, the system presented in this paper detect unsafe social distance between people by applying deep learning algorithms namely the YoloV4 CNN algorithm to detect persons in images, in combination with trans-formation equations to calculate the real world position of each person, and finally calculate the distance between each pair in order to determine whether it is safe. We show also the results of training and testing a model using YoloV4 algorithm, and test the system for social distance calculation.
A Bandwidth Reconfigurable Planar Antenna for UWB-Applications
Authors: Bikrat Mohamed , Bri Seddik
Published: May 2022

A reconfigurable planar antenna design bandwidth operating in ultra wide band (UWB) applications with compact dimensions of (50 × 25× 1) mm3 is proposed. The switching capability is achieved by using a two PIN diodes F-shaped slot and a two narrow vertical slot. A defected ground structure is used to improve a range of frequency from 0.83 GHz to 5.24 GHz with an impedance bandwidth of 4.41 GHz. Moreover, the flow of current within the patch’s radiation is controlled via pair of PIN diodes situated at the centre with in the patch in the F-shape slot. A retractable patch antenna design is offered, and the bandwidth re-configurability is attained by manipulating the operational states of the PIN diodes. As result, we get a reconfigurable Circular Polarization (CP). Furthermore, the proposed antenna demonstrated an efficiency of 88.55% infrequencies operating at 3 dB Axial Ratio (AR) bandwidths. All achieved results shows that our antenna design is working much with 5G and UWB application.
A Modular System Based on U-Net for Automatic Building Extraction from very high-resolution satellite images
Authors: El Asri Smail Ait , El Adib Samir , Negabi Ismail , Raissouni Naoufal
Published: May 2022

Recently, convolutional neural networks have grown in popularity in a variety of fields, such as computer vision and audio and text processing. This importance is due to the performance of this type of neural network in the state of the art, and in a wide variety of disciplines. However, the use of convolutional neural networks has not been widely used for remote sensing applications until recently. In this paper, we propose a CNN-based system capable of efficiently extracting buildings from very high-resolution satellite images, by combining the performances of the two architectures; U-Net and VGG19, which is obtained by putting two blocks in parallel based mainly on U-Net: The first block is a standard U-Net, and the second is designed by replacing the contraction path of standard U-Net with the pre-trained weights of VGG19.
Reliability Ratio Weighted Bit Flipping– Sum Product Algorithm for Regular LDPC Codes
Authors: Aqil Chakir , Akharraz Ismail , Ahaitouf Abdelaziz
Published: May 2022

In this work, we introduce a novel decoding algorithm named “Reliability Ratio Weighted Bit Flipping–Sum Product” (RRWBFSP) is proposed for regular LDPC codes. “Sum Product” [4] and “Reliability Ratio Weighted Bit Flipping” [6] are two separate methods that are combined in the new algorithm. The simulations show novel algorithm to exceed Sum-Product decoding algorithms by 0.34 dB. In addition, when compared to the Sum-Product, the RRWBFSP approach has about the same computational complexity. Thus, LDPC codes, of which the “Double-Orthogonal Convolutional Recursive” (RCDO) subfamily is envisioned for use in electronic hard disks and mobile terminals, can be easily iteratively decoded. This would have the impact of prolonging the life of the batteries and consequently reducing the ecological footprint of the discarded batteries.
Wearable Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton Transmission Line
Authors: Ghaddar Ali , Garnier Baptiste , Rault François , Lheurette Éric , Burgnies Ludovic
Published: May 2022

In this work, we present a study of Spoof Surface Plasmon Polari-ton (SSPP) supported by a meandered Transmission Line (TL) dedicated to wireless body sensor network applications. First, dispersion curves evidence the existence of a surface wave propagation, called odd mode according to the symmetry of the magnetic field. This mode can be wirelessly excited with of a dipole antenna parallel-positioned above the meandered transmission line. Experimental part is validated with a SSPP TL fabricated on a Kapton substrate and compared with a wearable SSPP TL produced by embroidering a metallic yarn on a textile substrate. Second, transmission measurements for both SSPP TLs are also pre-sented and compared. The difference of performances achieved between involved technologies is explained by the conductivity value of the metallic yarn. Finally, the use of embroidered SSPP TL shows an improvement of the transmis-sion compared with the transmission in free space. This study is investigated in simulation and experiments by determining the dispersion curves and the transmission for two SSPP TLs.
Effect of annealing time on different properties of the next generation Cu2Ni0.50Co0.50SnS4Thin films
Authors: Abali Abdelaziz , El kissani Abdelkader , Drissi Safia , Ait lhaj Driss , Elmassi Said , Amiri Lhocin , Nkhaili Lahcen , El Assali Kassem , Outzourhit Abdelkader
Published: May 2022

In this report, the Multifunctional Quinary Cu2Ni0.50Co0.50SnS4 synthesized by a cheap and easy-to-use technique using spin-coating on glass substrates. XRD spectra of Cu2Ni0.50Co0.50SnS4 annealing at 300 °C demonstrated the structure similar to that of Cu2NiSnS4 and Cu2CoSnS4 for 60 min and 90 min. The Raman scattering demonstrated the existence of Raman Cu2Ni0.50Co0.50SnS4 peaks positioned at 286 and 331 cm−1 which allows us to tell the structure of Cu2Ni0.50Co0.50SnS4 similar only to Cu2NiSnS4. The EDS studies demonstrated a quasi-stoichiometry of the Cu2Ni0.50Co0.50SnS4 annealed sample with a low effect of annealing time on stoichiometry. The scanning electron microscope showed nearly uniform, dense and rough surface morphology with some voids. UV-visible-NIR spectroscopy revealed the gap energy of Cu2Ni0.50Co0.50SnS4 absorbent layers annealed at 300 °C for 60 min is 1.38 eV, which is very close to the optimal value of the solar spectrum signed by Shockley-Queisser. These results are ideally suited for low-cost, soil-abundant and non-toxic materials for photovoltaic applications.
La « dé-extinction » du mammouth laineux, un « Colossal » canular ?
Authors: Jordan Bertrand
Published: May 2022

Reports of a mammoth cloning project on-going under George Church’s supervision appear periodically in the press. Close examination of the available evidence indicates that there is indeed such a project (carried out in a company called “Colossal”), but the aim is actually to modify the Asian elephant’s genome so that the resulting animal displays some significant cold-adaptation traits, could theoretically be reintroduced into Siberia, and would then (also theoretically) modify the biotope towards its initial state of a steppe rather than a tundra. This endeavour seems largely unfeasible, but it may trigger important methodological advances that probably explain its ability to attract significant capital investment.
L’acide gras synthase, une enzyme « multi-FASette »
Authors: Raab Sadia , Lefebvre Tony
Published: May 2022

Chez les mammifères, les acides gras sont fournis par l’alimentation ou sont synthétisés de novo par l’acide gras synthase (FASN pour fatty acid synthase). Au-delà de son rôle clé dans le stockage de l’énergie, FASN est impliquée dans de nombreux processus biologiques. Elle participe activement à la synthèse des composants membranaires nécessaires à la division cellulaire, à la modification des protéines, à la signalisation et à la prolifération cellulaires. Dans cette revue, nous discutons des diverses fonctions physiologiques de FASN ainsi que de son implication dans les cancers, l’expression de cette enzyme lipogénique étant particulièrement élevée dans cette maladie.
In-hospital production of 3D-printed casts for non-displaced wrist and hand fractures
Authors: Factor Shai , Atlan Franck , Pritsch Tamir , Rumack Netta , Golden Eran , Dadia Solomon
Published: May 2022

Objectives: To examine the clinical feasibility and results of a multidisciplinary workflow, employing rapid three-dimensional (3D) scanning and modeling software along with a high-speed printer, for in-hospital production of patient-specific 3D-printed casts, for the treatment of non-displaced wrist and hand fractures. Methods: Consenting adult patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) due to wrist or hand fractures between January and February 2021 were prospectively enrolled. The study participants underwent conversion of the standard plaster of Paris cast to a 3D-printed cast one week after the ED visit, and follow-up examinations were performed around two, six, and twelve weeks later. The primary objective was to examine the clinical feasibility in terms of complexity and length of the overall procedure. Secondary outcomes were patient-reported impressions and radiological results. Results: Twenty patients (16 males, mean age 37 ± 13.1 years) were included. The entire printing workflow took a mean of 161 ± 8 min. All patients demonstrated clinical improvement and fracture union at final follow-up, with no pressure sores or loss of reduction. Patient-reported comfort and satisfaction rates were excellent. The mean Visual Analog Scale was 0.9 ± 1.1 and 0.6 ± 1, and the mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was 18.7 ± 9.5 and 7.6 ± 7.6 at 2 and 6 weeks after application of the 3D-printed cast, respectively. Conclusion: The in-hospital workflow was feasible and efficient, with excellent clinical and radiographic results and high patient satisfaction and comfort rates. Our medical center now routinely provides this cast option for non-displaced wrist and hand fractures.

Level of evidence: IV, Therapeutic Study
Multi-scale image preprocessing and feature tracking for remote CME characterization
Authors: Stepanyuk Oleg , Kozarev Kamen , Nedal Mohamed
Published: May 2022

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) influence the interplanetary environment over vast distances in the solar system by injecting huge clouds of fast solar plasma and energetic particles (SEPs). A number of fundamental questions remain about how SEPs are produced, but current understanding points to CME-driven shocks and compressions in the solar corona. At the same time, unprecedented remote and in situ (Parker Solar Probe, Solar Orbiter) solar observations are becoming available to constrain existing theories. Here we present a general method for recognition and tracking solar images of objects such as CME shock waves and filaments. The calculation scheme is based on a multi-scale data representation concept à trous wavelet transform, and a set of image filtering techniques. We showcase its performance on a small set of CME-related phenomena observed with the SDO/AIA telescope. With the data represented hierarchically on different decomposition and intensity levels, our method allows extracting certain objects and their masks from the imaging observations in order to track their evolution in time. The method presented here is general and applicable to detecting and tracking various solar and heliospheric phenomena in imaging observations. It holds the potential to prepare large training data sets for deep learning. We have implemented this method into a freely available Python library.
Hyperuricemia Associated with Low Skeletal Muscle in the Middle-Aged
and Elderly Population in China
Authors: Chen Lingyan , Wu Li , Li Qian , Hu Yu , Ma Hui , Lin Huandong , Gao Xin
Published: May 2022

Background Previous studies have presented inconsistent results on the
relationship between serum uric acid and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). We aimed to
explore whether a higher serum uric acid level was associated with low SMM in
the Chinese population.

Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 6595 subjects aged 45
years or older. They were tested for fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol,
triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density
lipoprotein-cholesterol, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and
estimated glomerular filtration rate. SMM was accessed by dual-energy x-ray
absorptiometry using two approaches: weight-adjusted appendicular skeletal
muscle mass (ASM)% and ASM/BMI (body mass index
(kg/m2)). Low SMM was defined as a cut-off point of
ASM/BMI<0.789 for men and<0.512 for women.

Results Compared with their normal group, patients with hyperuricemia had
lower ASM% (29.33±2.33 vs 30.03±2.34 for males and
24.71±1.99 vs 25.19±2.07 for females, P<0.01) and
ASM/BMI (0.83±0.10 vs 0.85±0.10 for male and
0.60±0.07 vs 0.62±0.07 for female), with a higher prevalence of
the associated low SMM in both sexes (35.2 vs 26.5% for male and 10.5 vs
5.9% for female, P<0.01). Pearson analysis showed that
ASM% and ASM/BMI were negatively correlated with SUA (male:
ASM/BMI, r=−0.097, ASM%,
r=−0.146; female: ASM/BMI, r=−0.151,
ASM%, r=−0.157; all P<0.001). Logistic
regression analysis showed a positive association of hyperuricemia with adjusted
risk of low SMM association.

Conclusions In a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population, hyperuricemia
is independently and positively associated with low SMM and can vary by age and
gender.
Amine Oxidation by Electrochemically Generated Peroxodicarbonate
Authors: Gooßen Lukas J. , Seitz Ann-Katrin , van Lingen Tim , Dyga Marco , Kohlpaintner Philipp J. , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: May 2022

The N-oxidation of tertiary amines was achieved by using electrochemically generated peroxodicarbonate solutions as sustainable oxidizers. The presence of EDTA and 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone as a mediator was found to be crucial for converting water-insoluble substrates. Various tertiary amines were converted into their corresponding N-oxides in yields of up to 98%. The scope includes economically important surfactants and potential platform oxidizers.
Investigational Medicinal Products for the Inner Ear: Review of Clinical Trial Characteristics in ClinicalTrials.gov
Authors: Le Prell Colleen G.
Published: May 2022

Abstract Background The previous 30 years have provided information on the mechanisms of cell death in the inner ear after noise exposure, ototoxic drug injury, and during aging, and clinical trials have emerged for all of these acquired forms of hearing loss.
Sudden hearing loss is less well understood, but restoration of hearing after sudden hearing loss is also a long-standing drug target, typically using steroids as an intervention but with other agents of interest as well. Purpose The purpose of this review was to describe the
state of the science regarding clinical testing of investigational medicinal products for the inner ear with respect to treatment or prevention of acquired hearing loss. Data Collection and Analysis Comprehensive search and summary of clinical trials listed in the National
Library of Medicine (www.ClinicalTrials.gov) database identified 61 clinical trials. Results Study phase, status, intervention, and primary, secondary, and other outcomes are summarized for studies assessing prevention
of noise-induced hearing loss, prevention of drug-induced hearing loss, treatment of stable sensorineural hearing loss, and treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusion This review provides a comprehensive summary of the state of the science with respect to investigational
medicinal products for the inner ear evaluated in human clinical trials, and the current challenges for the field.
MicroRNA Profiling in the Perilymph of Cochlear Implant Patients: Identifying Markers that Correlate to Audiological Outcomes
Authors: Wichova Helena , Shew Matthew , Nelson-Brantley Jennifer , Warnecke Athanasia , Prentiss Sandra , Staecker Hinrich
Published: May 2022

Abstract Hypothesis MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiles from human perilymph correlate to post cochlear implantation (CI) hearing outcomes. Background The high inter-individual variability in speech perception among cochlear implant recipients
is still poorly understood. MiRNA expression in perilymph can be used to characterize the molecular processes underlying inner ear disease and to predict performance with a cochlear implant. Methods Perilymph collected during CI from 17 patients was analyzed using microarrays.
MiRNAs were identified and multivariable analysis using consonant-nucleus-consonant testing at 6 and 18 months post implant activation was performed. Variables analyzed included age, gender, preoperative pure tone average (PTA), and preoperative speech discrimination (word recognition [WR]).
Gene ontology analysis was performed to identify potential functional implications of changes in the identified miRNAs. Results Distinct miRNA profiles correlated to preoperative PTA and WR. Patients classified as poor performers showed downregulation of six miRNAs that potentially
regulate pathways related to neuronal function and cell survival. Conclusion Individual miRNA profiles can be identified in microvolumes of perilymph. Distinct non-coding RNA expression profiles correlate to preoperative hearing and postoperative cochlear implant outcomes.
Nerve Imaging in the Wrist
Authors: Daniels Steven P. , De Tolla Jadie E. , Azad Ali , Petchprapa Catherine N.
Published: May 2022

Neuropathic symptoms involving the wrist are a common clinical presentation that can be due to a variety of causes. Imaging plays a key role in differentiating distal nerve lesions in the wrist from more proximal nerve abnormalities such as a cervical radiculopathy or brachial plexopathy. Imaging complements electrodiagnostic testing by helping define the specific lesion site and by providing anatomical information to guide surgical planning. This article reviews nerve anatomy, normal and abnormal findings on ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, and common and uncommon causes of neuropathy.
Current Trends of Research Productivity among Students Matching at Top Ophthalmology Programs
Authors: Zhou Benjamin , Srinivasan Nivetha , Nadkarni Shree , Taruvai Varun , Song Amy , Khouri Albert S.
Published: May 2022

Importance San Francisco Match publishes no data on the research output of matched applicants to an ophthalmology residency.

Objective The aim of this study was to examine the temporal trends in publication volume by medical students who successfully matched into a top ophthalmology residency.

Methods This retrospective case series compared all residents in the top 30 ophthalmology residency programs from the class of 2022 and 2017. Publication volume from before September 15th of the residents' fourth year of medical school was recorded using PubMed and Google Scholar. We recorded total number of publications (any authorship), first/second author publications, and ophthalmology-specific publications. Using Welch's t-test, publication volumes were statistically compared against all others.

Results One-hundred sixty-one residents from the class of 2022 and 145 residents from the class of 2017 were included. Total publications per matched applicant (mean ± standard deviation) were 3.04 ± 0.35 for the class of 2022 and 1.67 ± 0.23 for the class of 2017. Mean publications in ophthalmology journals were 1.07 ± 0.20 (2022) and 0.58 ± 0.13 (2017); mean first author publications were 1.00 ± 0.13 (2022) and 0.64 ± 0.11 (2017) and mean second author publications were 0.70 ± 0.10 (2022) and 0.37 ± 0.06 (2017). Research productivity in all four metrics (total, ophthalmology journals, first author, and second author publications) was significantly higher for the class of 2022 than the class of 2017 (p = 0.001; p = 0.03; p = 0.03; p = 0.02, respectively) supporting the trend of increasing research output among students. Applicants with PhD degrees had statistically more total and first author publications in 2017 (p = 0.01; p = 0.045), but only more first author publications in 2022 (p = 0.01). International applicants produced significantly more total publications in 2022 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions Overall, after a 5-year period, the authors found matched applicants had significantly increased publications compared with those at the beginning of the period. We also identified several applicant factors that may have variable effects on research publication. This analysis emphasizes the growing importance of research in the match process and can help future applicants navigate the ophthalmology match.