bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Household water security is a mediator of household food security in a nationally representative sample of Mexico
Authors: Shamah-Levy Teresa , Méndez-Gómez-Humarán Ignacio , Mundo-Rosas Verónica , Muñoz-Espinosa Alicia , Melgar-Quiñonez Hugo , Young Sera Lewise
Published: January 2025

Objective:

Explore the relationship between water insecurity (WI) and food security and their covariates in Mexican households.

Design:

A cross-sectional study with nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey-Continuous 2021 (in Spanish, ENSANUT-Continua 2021), collected data from 12 619 households.

Setting:

WI was measured using the Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale in Spanish and adapted to the Mexican context. Food security was measured using the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale. A generalised path model was used to produce two simultaneous logistical regression equations – WI (HWISE ≥ 12) and moderate-to-severe food insecurity (FI) – to understand key covariates as well as the contribution of WI to FI.

Participants:

The head of the household, an adult of >18 years of age, consented to participate in the survey.

Results:

Households experiencing WI were more likely to experience moderate-to-severe FI (OR = 2·35; 95 % CI: 2·02, 2·72). The odds of WI were lower in households with medium (OR = 0·74; 95 % CI: 0·61, 0·9) to high (OR = 0·45; 95 % CI: 0·37, 0·55) asset scores. WI also depended on the region of Mexico. FI is more prevalent in indigenous people (OR = 1·29; 95 % CI: 1·05, 1·59) and rural households (OR = 0·42; 95 % CI: 1·16, 1·73). Notably, wealth and household size did not contribute directly to FI but did so indirectly through the mediating factor of WI.

Conclusions:

Our study shows that there are structural factors that form part of the varied determinants of WI, which in turn is closely linked to FI.
Justice within the new factory gates: how to hold RWAs responsible for workers’ welfare
Authors: Rajam Shardha , Kotiswaran Prabha
Published: January 2025

The gated community is a unique site of social reproduction which has proliferated across India. Elite families are reproduced at the individual, household level but also at the communal level in service-rich private enclaves. These households rely heavily on specialised reproductive labourers who are deprived of worker status because they work in the private domain. Homeowners’ associations or resident welfare associations (RWAs) meanwhile regulate reproductive labour through surveillance and wage fixing and by regulating entry and exit. Despite their public function, RWAs claim no responsibility for worker welfare due to privity of contract and the exclusion of ‘domestic service’ from labour laws. We examine India’s new labour codes, establishment laws and constitutional law to pin responsibility on RWAs as public bodies for ensuring the fundamental rights and welfare of these workers.
ELEX and EGEX: Euroclassica Certificates in Latin and Greek
Authors: Bulwer John
Published: January 2025

One of the initiatives of Euroclassica (the federation of European associations of Classics teachers) is to set a yearly test for Latin and Greek: European Latin Exam (ELEX) and European Greek Exam (EGEX). They are both available at beginners’ level (Vestibulum) and intermediate level (Ianua). Schools can set and correct them in their own time and award Euroclassica certificates as appropriate. The tests are available in English, French and German, but individual associations and schools are free to translate them into their own languages. Candidates are advised to take the tests at any age when they are ready; there is no charge. This article outlines the procedure and gives examples of the texts and questions set. The example questions are given in more than one language to illustrate the European nature of the enterprise, with an extra taste of how far ELEX and EGEX can spread in the example of questions in the Macedonian language from North Macedonia. Schools should contact their national association for more local information. Yearly results, past papers and more information are published in the Euroclassica newsletter available on the website: https://www.euroclassica.eu/portale/euroclassica.html
The burden of lymphedema on quality of life
Authors: Schulz Torsten , Lee Warg Mary , Kurow Olga , Langer Stefan , Nuwayhid Rima
Published: January 2025

Summary: Background: Due to a lack of validated methodologies, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) among individuals affected by lymphedema and to compare them with the general population and common diseases. Patients and methods: Patients were recruited from October 2023 till March 2024. The SF-36 and LYMQOL questionnaires were administered. The Robert Koch Institute provided data from the survey for secondary evaluations of the DEGS1 study. Descriptive analysis of the patient’s data was conducted, followed by an analysis of risk factors, a comparison with common diseases and a pairs matched analyses with the general population based on the parameters sex, age and Body Mass Index (BMI). A p-value below 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Among the 273 patients, 18 had primary lymphedema and 255 had secondary lymphedema due to cancer history. Staging revealed 28 patients in stage I, 137 in stage II, and 75 in stage III. The majority of patients (83%) were female and mostly the lower extremity was affected. Age, International Society of Lymphology (ISL)-stage, and BMI were significantly correlated with reduced QoL in seven, six, and eleven out of thirteen subscales of the respective scores. The LYMQOL analysis revealed, that patients with upper limb lymphedema (ULL) demonstrated higher QoL compared to those with lower limb lymphedema (LLL). When compared to the general population, individuals with ULL exhibited reduced QoL in five out of eight SF-36 domains (p<0.05). Conversely, LLL patients showed decreased QoL across all eight SF-36 subscales (p<0.01). In comparison to diseases like myocardial infarction or malignant diseases, patients with lymphedema experience a significant, diminished QoL. Conclusions: By 2024, lymphedema patients continue to experience significantly lower QoL compared to the general population or common diseases in Germany. LLL patients exhibit a reduced QoL compared to individuals with ULL.
CMIP6 GCMs Projected Future Koppen‐Geiger Climate Zones on a Global Scale
Authors: Song Young Hoon , Chung Eun‐Sung , Ayugi Brian Odhiambo
Published: January 2025

This study compared the future global climate zones based on four radiative forcings ranging from low‐end (SSP1‐2.6) to high‐end (SSP5‐8.5) using the Köppen‐Geiger climate classification. To reduce uncertainties in future projected precipitation and temperature, multimodel projections comprising 25 general circulation models (GCMs) were sourced from the recent Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase six (CMIP6) and used to create a Multi‐Model Ensemble. The changes in historical climate zones on CMIP6 simulations were divided into six periods considering data availability (1954–1964; 1964–1974; 1974–1984; 1984–1994; 1994–2004; and 2004–2014). Furthermore, the climate zone reproducibility of 25 CMIP6 GCMs was compared with the reference data sourced from Global Precipitation Climatology Centre precipitation and Climatic Research Unit temperature. The future climate zones were projected into seven periods using monthly precipitation and surface temperature under four main SSP scenarios. Consequently, the climate variables from GCMs were overestimated compared to the reference data, and the composition of the climate zones was less complex. While temperature discrepancies of 1–2°C may not drastically alter the Köppen‐Geiger climate zone classifications, precipitation‐based classifications are significantly impacted by the observed errors. Thus, it is crucial to recognize that despite the advancements in GCMs, they still possess limitations in accurately predicting “real” future climate changes. The projected future climate zones are simpler compared to the historical periods across six continents, with tundra and ice caps expected to disappear. This study highlights potential risks by projecting future climate zones based on varying greenhouse gas concentration levels, stressing the importance of using these projections with caution given the inherent uncertainties and limitations of GCMs.
Development and Evolution of Icy Layer Outcrops on Mars' North Polar Ice Cap: A Sublimation‐Based Framework
Authors: Bramson Ali M. , Pascuzzo Alyssa C. , Becerra Patricio , Mustard Jack F.
Published: January 2025

Troughs carved into Mars' polar ice cap expose layers of different brightness and topography. These layers can be divided into two strata types: darker, higher dust content marker beds and brighter, lower dust content interbeds. In a companion paper (Pascuzzo et al., 2025, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JE008377), we measure the topographic protrusion of the marker beds and interbeds. Here, we investigate processes and factors that contribute to the evolution of these layers to gain insight into the sublimation rates and timescales for active trough wall retreat, specifically the development of observed layer topography. We perform thermal modeling and ice sublimation calculations to explain the topography and its lateral variations. We use our results to develop a novel sublimation‐based framework for the development of marker bed protrusion. Our results suggest that marker beds can develop the observed meter‐scale protrusions in thousands of years via cyclical bursts of differential sublimation modulated by lag production and removal. We find that marker bed topography can easily be formed within a single period of high insolation driven by Mars' axial precession. If the present‐day topographic signatures of exposed trough strata are driven strictly by the differential sublimation and lag processes proposed here, our results suggest that ice retreat may have occurred ∼60–125 kya, with the topographic relief forming in 1–20 kyr. These results also lead us to suggest that thick insulative allochthonous dust veneers (such as that observed in Pascuzzo et al. (2025, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JE008377)) may play an important role in forcing hiatuses in trough wall retreat during high insolation periods.
Development and Evolution of Icy Layer Outcrops on Mars' North Polar Ice Cap: Observations of Vertical and Lateral Variability
Authors: Pascuzzo Alyssa C. , Bramson Ali M. , Becerra Patricio , Mustard John F.
Published: January 2025

Mars' north polar ice cap features troughs that cut into the ice, exposing subsurface layers of different brightness and topographic expression. Specifically, these layers represent two different stratum types: lower albedo (higher dust content) marker beds, which protrude out of the wall topographically, and higher albedo (i.e., icier) interbeds, which are recessed compared to the marker beds. Here, we investigate the role of local‐scale processes by performing a detailed geomorphic characterization of variability in these strata across two sites, using a novel approach to calculating true layer protrusion which utilizes data from high‐resolution Digital Terrain Models. We measure protrusions of the order of meters but find lateral variations within a single trough exposure, suggesting a role for local‐scale processes in the evolution of the layers. We find that the topographic relief of protruding marker beds decreases as a function of decreasing trough slope and brightness (a proxy for dust cover/content). We also observe the presence of an insulative allochthonous dust veneer present on discrete sections of the trough wall, which we suspect plays an important role in modulating ice loss from the trough walls. A companion paper (Bramson et al., 2025, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JE008360) models the contribution of insolation‐induced sublimation to present a new framework, and potential timescales for the development of the marker bed protrusion observed here.
Swash Zone Response to the Tsunami Triggered by the 2024 Noto Peninsula Earthquake
Authors: Matsuba Yoshinao , Tajima Yoshimitsu , Shimozono Takenori , Yamanaka Yusuke
Published: January 2025

On January 1, 2024, a destructive earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula in Japan, triggering a tsunami in the Sea of Japan. A 3D lidar, which was installed on a gravel beach 150 km from the epicenter before the earthquake, successfully measured nearshore waves and topographic changes during the tsunami event. This study is focused on the analysis of a novel data set to elucidate the swash zone processes caused by the tsunami, with a particular focus on the combined effects of the tsunami and wind waves on high wave runup and morphological changes. The observation data show that the mean sea level was elevated by 1 m when the largest tsunami arrived at the beach. In addition to the tsunami, wind waves reaching a height of 2 m induced wave setup of approximately 1 m and swash exceeding a height of 2 m. The empirical formulas considering the observed change in foreshore slope reasonably reproduced the observed runup heights, suggesting that an increase in the tsunami water level indirectly amplified wind wave runup by increasing the foreshore slope on the concave profile beach. High wind wave runup largely eroded the gravel beach, with the elevation of the upper beach face decreasing by 0.5 m during the tsunami event. We found that the area on the beach face affected by wind waves expanded in response to changes in the tsunami water level.
Source Identification of Organic Carbon in Mountainous Reservoirs Sediments Using Stable Isotopes and n‐Alkanes
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Xu Jianfeng , Ye Wei , Wang Kai , Lu Haiming , Tang Xianqiang , Wang Danyang , Xie Deti , Ni Jiupai , Chen Fangxin
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on the sources of organic carbon (OC) in surface sediments of reservoirs in the mountainous regions, as well as their dynamics and contribution mechanisms in the carbon cycle. Spatial variations in organic carbon, n‐alkanes, δ13C, and δ15N were analyzed, and a Bayesian isotope mixing model was applied to quantify the relative contributions of different OC sources. The results indicate that the concentration range of organic carbon in sediments is 0.88%–3.72%. The average concentration of long‐chain n‐alkanes is 3.69 μg/g, accounting for 71.4%, indicating that the main source of organic carbon is allochthonous organic carbon. In addition, the Bayesian mixture model results of carbon and nitrogen isotopes also indicate that allochthonous organic carbon is the main contributor. Specifically, sewage (33.1%), C₃ plants (27.1%), and soil organic carbon (19.9%) were identified as the dominant sources. This research highlights the influence of human activities, such as urbanization and agriculture, on OC dynamics and underscores the role of reservoirs in regulating OC transport. The findings provide critical insights into the mechanisms of OC sequestration in agricultural watersheds and offer valuable guidance for water resource management and ecological protection strategies in mountainous environments.
Reduction of Pacific Double‐ITCZ Bias by Convection Parameterization in NCAR CESM2.2
Authors: Song Xiaoliang , Zhang Guang J.
Published: January 2025

The impact of convective closure on the double‐ITCZ bias in the NCAR CESM2.2 is investigated in this study. The standard CESM2.2 simulates a remarkable double‐ITCZ bias in the central and eastern Pacific, especially in boreal winter and spring. Modifications to the closure in convection parameterization scheme greatly reduce the double‐ITCZ bias in all seasons, demonstrating that convection parameterization can substantially influence the double‐ITCZ bias in CESM2.2. Further analyses suggest that convection parameterization can modulate the tropical atmosphere‐ocean feedback processes, through which it influences the SST in the southern ITCZ region and hence the double‐ITCZ bias. The changes in the upper ocean temperature advection induced by modified convective closure plays important roles in reducing the warm SST bias and double‐ITCZ precipitation bias in the southern ITCZ region. The modified convective closure improves the low‐level cloud and shortwave cloud radiative forcing in the southeastern Pacific. However, surface heat flux plays only a limited role in reducing warm SST bias and double ITCZ bias because the impacts of shortwave radiation changes are largely canceled by changes in longwave radiation and latent heat flux.
Comparative Hypothesis Testing of Auroral Ionospheric Layer Causing Global Navigation Satellite System Scintillation
Authors: Blinstrubas G. , English A. , Stuart D. J. , Hampton D. L. , Lamarche L. , Nishimura Y. , Datta‐Barua S.
Published: January 2025

As Global Navigation Satellite System electromagnetic waves pass through the ionosphere, especially in auroral zones, ionospheric irregularities cause the waves to scintillate. Identification of the ionosphere scattering layer is an important factor in understanding the cause of scintillation. This work implements two techniques to determine whether signal scattering for Global Positioning System L1 and L2C signals might be in the E‐ or F‐layer. The first technique used is an updated process of Sreenivash et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RS006779), in which the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR) maximum electron densities and their uncertainties hypothesize the layer in which scattering has occurred. The density‐based method predicts a majority of F‐region scintillation events for 2014, with a majority of E‐region events found for 2015 to 2019. The second technique consists of using the ratio of the 630 (red) to the 428 nm (blue) intensity in optical all‐sky images (ASIs) to hypothesize the scattering layer with ASI. The decision threshold is set to 1.35 based on the GLobal airglOW model. From 2014 to 2018 174 events have both PFISR data and ASIs with clear viewing conditions and alignment to within 25° of magnetic zenith. There is an agreement between the two methods for 128 (74%) events.
The Influences of Evaporation and Aquitard on Groundwater Dynamics and Solute Transport in a Tidal Flat With a Slope Break
Authors: Luo Manhua , Li Hailong , Li Gang , Wang Wei , Yu Shengchao , Ma Qian , Zheng Yan
Published: January 2025

Coastal groundwater dynamics and solute transport were influenced by multiple factors including aquitards, tides, evaporation, and slope breaks in coastal aquifers. However, quantification of the impacts of these factors on groundwater flow and salinity distribution remains a challenge. In this study, both field observations and numerical modeling were applied to investigate hydraulic heads and groundwater salinity in a tidal flat with large‐scale seepage faces at Laizhou Bay, China. Results showed that seepage‐face evaporation increased groundwater salinity landward and promoted groundwater and salt exchange within the intertidal zone significantly in comparison to the case without evaporation. Seawater infiltrated the aquifer on the left of the slope break and discharged on the right, forming a groundwater circulation cell, which notably influenced leakage flow between unconfined and confined aquifers through the aquitard. The aquitard prevented approximately 85% of inland freshwater discharge near the slope break, resulting in the formation of two atypical freshwater discharge tubes in the upper and middle intertidal zones. Two additional groundwater circulation cells developed in the lower intertidal zone due to the spring‐neap tidal cycle. The outflow and inflow fluxes over a spring‐neap tidal cycle were numerically estimated to be 1.46 and 1.27 m2/d, respectively, with evaporation accounting for 45% of the outflow flux. These findings provide significant insights for further investigations on groundwater dynamics and solute transport in multi‐layered coastal aquifers, and have strong implications for biogeochemical processes within the intertidal zone.
Glacier Intervention Research Isn’t Just for Glaciologists
Authors: Mankoff Kenneth , Hulbe Christina , Tulaczyk Sławek , Marzatico Francesca , Morrison Tiffany
Published: January 2025

Prospects for mitigating sea level rise by slowing flows of glacial ice into the ocean are worthy of research, but this work must involve all rights holders and stakeholders.
Medical history predicts phenome-wide disease onset and enables the rapid response to emerging health threats
Authors: Steinfeldt Jakob , Wild Benjamin , Buergel Thore , Pietzner Maik , Upmeier zu Belzen Julius , Vauvelle Andre , Hegselmann Stefan , Denaxas Spiros , Hemingway Harry , Langenberg Claudia , Landmesser Ulf , Deanfield John , Eils Roland
Published: January 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed a global deficiency of systematic, data-driven guidance to identify high-risk individuals. Here, we illustrate the utility of routinely recorded medical history to predict the risk for 1741 diseases across clinical specialties and support the rapid response to emerging health threats such as COVID-19. We developed a neural network to learn from health records of 502,489 UK Biobank participants. Importantly, we observed discriminative improvements over basic demographic predictors for 1546 (88.8%) endpoints. After transferring the unmodified risk models to the All of US cohort, we replicated these improvements for 1115 (78.9%) of 1414 investigated endpoints, demonstrating generalizability across healthcare systems and historically underrepresented groups. Ultimately, we showed how this approach could have been used to identify individuals vulnerable to severe COVID-19. Our study demonstrates the potential of medical history to support guidance for emerging pandemics by systematically estimating risk for thousands of diseases at once at minimal cost.
Assessment of candidate high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma predisposition genes through integrated germline and tumour sequencing
Authors: Subramanian Deepak N. , Zethoven Maia , Pishas Kathleen I. , Marinović Evanny R. , McInerny Simone , Rowley Simone M. , Allan Prue E. , Devereux Lisa , Cheasley Dane , James Paul A. , Campbell Ian G.
Published: January 2025

High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) has a significant hereditary component, only half of which is explained. Previously, we performed germline exome sequencing on BRCA1 and BRCA2-negative HGSOC patients, revealing three proposed and 43 novel candidate genes enriched with rare loss-of-function variants. For validation, we undertook case-control analyses using genomic data from disease-free controls. This confirms enrichment for nearly all previously identified genes. Additionally, one-hundred-and-eleven HGSOC tumours from variant carriers were sequenced alongside other complementary studies, seeking evidence of biallelic inactivation as supportive evidence. PALB2 and ATM validate as HGSOC predisposition genes, with 6/8 germline carrier tumours exhibiting biallelic inactivation accompanied by characteristic mutational signatures. Among candidate genes, only LLGL2 consistently shows biallelic inactivation and protein expression loss, supporting it as a novel HGSOC susceptibility gene. The remaining candidate genes fail to validate. Integrating case-control analyses with tumour sequencing is thus crucial for accurate gene discovery in familial cancer studies.
Introduction of magneto-fluorescence fluctuation microspectroscopy for investigating quantum effects in biology
Authors: Antill Lewis M. , Kohmura Mizuki , Jimbo Chiho , Maeda Kiminori
Published: January 2025

Magnetic field effects on radical pairs in chemical systems are generally well understood and have been successfully investigated with various spectroscopic techniques. However, understanding radical pairs and their quantum nature in biological systems is still in its infancy, which is due to the limitation of high-sensitivity instrumentation. Another reason for this lack of understanding is due to the complexity of biochemical reactions and minute magnetic field-induced changes on radical pair reactions (as low as or lower than a percent). The system design presented here is a new optical system to capture the quantum mechanical nature of biology with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Our magneto-fluorescence fluctuation microspectroscopic approach has the capability of measuring magnetic field effects as low as 0.2% on fluorescence signals near the single-photon level with single-photon avalanche diodes, and is demonstrated by magnetic field effects on 23 molecules. An additional detection system in the form of an EMCCD camera offers spatially resolved magnetic field effects with a novel post hoc digital lock-in amplifier for phase-sensitive camera detection. The aforementioned attributes are demonstrated with radical pair photochemical reactions on model biological systems. The instrument uncovers the importance of photodegradation on protein–flavin interactions via magnetic field effects, which will prove paramount when searching for similar quantum effects in biological locales.
Interaction-driven breakdown of Aharonov–Bohm caging in flat-band Rydberg lattices
Authors: Chen Tao , Huang Chenxi , Velkovsky Ivan , Ozawa Tomoki , Price Hannah , Covey Jacob P. , Gadway Bryce
Published: January 2025

Flat bands in condensed matter systems can host emergent states of matter, from insulating states in twisted bilayer graphene to fractionalized excitations in frustrated magnets and quantum Hall materials. A key phenomenon in certain flat-band systems is Aharonov–Bohm caging, where particles become localized due to destructive interference caused by gauge fields. Here we report on the experimental realization of highly tunable flat-band models populated by strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. By employing synthetic dimensions, we engineer a flat-band rhombic lattice with twisted boundaries and explore the control of Aharonov–Bohm caging during non-equilibrium dynamics through a tunable gauge field. Microscopic measurements of Rydberg pairs reveal the interaction-driven breakdown of Aharonov–Bohm caging in the limit of strong dipolar interactions, where lattice bands mix. In the limit of weak interactions, where caging persists, we observe effective magnetism arising from the interaction-driven mixing of degenerate flat-band states. These observations offer insights into emergent phenomena in synthetic quantum materials and expand our understanding of quantum many-body physics in engineered lattice systems.
Cell state-dependent allelic effects and contextual Mendelian randomization analysis for human brain phenotypes
Authors: Haglund Alexander , Zuber Verena , Abouzeid Maya , Yang Yifei , Ko Jeong Hun , Wiemann Liv , Otero-Jimenez Maria , Muhammed Louwai , Feleke Rahel , Nott Alexi , Mills James D. , Laaniste Liisi , Gveric Djordje O. , Clode Daniel , Babtie Ann C. , Pagni Susanna , Bellampalli Ravishankara , Somani Alyma , McDade Karina , Anink Jasper J. , Mesarosova Lucia , Fancy Nurun , Willumsen Nanet , Smith Amy , Jackson Johanna , Alegre-Abarrategui Javier , Aronica Eleonora , Matthews Paul M. , Thom Maria , Sisodiya Sanjay M. , Srivastava Prashant K. , Malhotra Dheeraj , Bryois Julien , Bottolo Leonardo , Johnson Michael R.
Published: January 2025

Gene expression quantitative trait loci are widely used to infer relationships between genes and central nervous system (CNS) phenotypes; however, the effect of brain disease on these inferences is unclear. Using 2,348,438 single-nuclei profiles from 391 disease-case and control brains, we report 13,939 genes whose expression correlated with genetic variation, of which 16.7–40.8% (depending on cell type) showed disease-dependent allelic effects. Across 501 colocalizations for 30 CNS traits, 23.6% had a disease dependency, even after adjusting for disease status. To estimate the unconfounded effect of genes on outcomes, we repeated the analysis using nondiseased brains (n = 183) and reported an additional 91 colocalizations not present in the larger mixed disease and control dataset, demonstrating enhanced interpretation of disease-associated variants. Principled implementation of single-cell Mendelian randomization in control-only brains identified 140 putatively causal gene–trait associations, of which 11 were replicated in the UK Biobank, prioritizing candidate peripheral biomarkers predictive of CNS outcomes.
Orphanhood and caregiver death among children in the United States by all-cause mortality, 2000–2021
Authors: Villaveces Andrés , Chen Yu , Tucker Sydney , Blenkinsop Alexandra , Cluver Lucie , Sherr Lorraine , Losby Jan L. , Graves Linden , Noonan Rita , Annor Francis , Kojey-Merle Victor , Wang Douhan , Massetti Greta , Rawlings Laura , Nelson Charles A. , Unwin H. Juliette T. , Flaxman Seth , Hillis Susan , Ratmann Oliver
Published: January 2025

Deaths of parents and grandparent caregivers threaten child well-being owing to losses of care, financial support, safety and family stability, but are relatively unrecognized as a public health crisis. Here we used cause-specific vital statistics death registrations in a modeling approach to estimate the full magnitude of orphanhood incidence and prevalence among US children aged 0–17 years between 2000 and 2021 by cause, child age, race and ethnicity, sex of deceased parent and state, and also accounted for grandparent caregiver loss using population survey data. In 2021, we estimate that 2.91 million children (4.2% of children) had in their lifetime experienced prevalent orphanhood and caregiver death combined, with incidence increasing by 49.5% and prevalence by 7.9% since 2000. Populations disproportionately affected by orphanhood included 5.2% of all adolescents; 6.4% and 4.7%, respectively, of non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, and non-Hispanic Black children; and children in southern and eastern states. In 2021, drug overdose was the leading cause of orphanhood among non-Hispanic white children, but not among minoritized subgroups. Effective policies and programs to support nearly three million bereaved children are needed to reduce the acute and long-term negative effects of orphanhood.
Provenance of late Pleistocene loess in central and eastern Europe: isotopic evidence for dominant local sediment sources
Authors: Fenn K. , Millar I. L. , Bird A. , Veres D. , Wagner Doris
Published: January 2025

Loess profiles along the Danube River provide a record of long-term Quaternary dust (loess) deposition in central-eastern Europe. Here, Sr–Nd isotopic data from four loess-palaeosol profiles (47 samples) spanning the last two-glacial-interglacial cycles are presented. The isotopic compositions generated by this study are compared with bedrock and sedimentary samples from Europe and North Africa to decipher the sources of sediment. The results demonstrate that over the last 300 ka the alluvial plains of the Danube (which are themselves sourced from surrounding mountain belts) are a local source of material and consequently sediment experiences aeolian transport over relatively short distances. The results dispute the commonly held assumption that the Sahara was a sediment contributor to loess in central-eastern Europe as North African contributions are not needed to explain loess signatures. Consequently, the findings suggest a suppressed southerly wind direction and dominance of the westerly and north-westerly wind systems over the entirety of the record.
Atomic-scale insights into topotactic transformations in an extra-large-pore zeolite using time-resolved 3D electron diffraction
Authors: Luo Yi , Xu Hao , Han Yue , Tong Wen , Jiao Meichen , Wang Naihong , Jiang Jingang , Hu Wende , Wang Chuanming , Zou Xiaodong , Wu Peng
Published: January 2025

Understanding the atomic-scale structural dynamics of phase transformations is crucial for developing materials and tailoring their properties. However, many materials are obtained as polycrystalline powders with large unit cells and/or complex structures, making it challenging to investigate detailed structural changes using conventional X-ray diffraction techniques. Here we employ time-resolved three-dimensional electron diffraction to reveal the topotactic reactions and transformations that convert the extra-large-pore silicate zeolite ECNU-45 into ECNU-46. ECNU-45 features three-dimensional interconnecting 24 × 10 × 10-ring channels, while ECNU-46 consists of one-dimensional 24-ring channels connected to 10-ring pockets. ECNU-45 and ECNU-46 are both examples of pure silicate zeolites with pore openings larger than 22-ring. Our findings indicate changes at six distinct tetrahedral silicon sites, involving atom displacement, addition and removal of framework atoms through bond breakage and formation. This work presents the synthesis of zeolites and also provides atomic-level insights into the dynamic processes of topotactic reactions. Our results have implications for advancing materials engineering and understanding complex solid-state reactions at an atomic scale.
Iron/phosphorus co-doped carbon nanozyme for colorimetric sensing of organophosphorus pesticides in food
Authors: Wang Ding , Xi Shumin , Chen Peng , Wang Jingxi
Published: January 2025

A sensitive colorimetric sensing platform based on Fe/P-NC nanozyme catalysis was proposed for organophosphorus pesticide (OP) detection in food.
In-cell NMR reveals metabolic adaptations in central carbon pathways driving antibiotic tolerance in Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Zahid Alexandra L. N. , Wang Ke-Chuan , Thomsen Line Elnif , Meier Sebastian , Jensen Pernille Rose
Published: January 2025

Antibiotic tolerance is a challenge in eradicating bacterial infections. Here, we show that in-cell NMR spectroscopy provides deep insights into antibiotic tolerance and distinguishes between susceptible and tolerant bacterial strains.
Advances in metal sulfide anodes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Yan Zhilong , Sun Tingxu , Li Wei , Long Zhiwen , Zhang Ruizhe , Wang Keliang , Wang Shenggang , Qiao Hui
Published: January 2025

In this review, recent research advancements in the field are highlighted, addressing technological challenges and exploring promising research prospects for the future development of MSs.
Preparation and characterization of a highly dispersed Ru/CeZrO2 catalyst for CO2 methanation with improved activity
Authors: Yan Weiwen , Liu Menghui , Li Mengxing , Xu Liangkai , Liu Chang-jun
Published: January 2025

The size of Ru catalyst has significant effect on the activity of Ru/CeZrO2 for CO2 methanation.
Automated computational workflows for muon spin spectroscopy
Authors: Onuorah Ifeanyi J. , Bonacci Miki , Isah Muhammad M. , Mazzani Marcello , De Renzi Roberto , Pizzi Giovanni , Bonfà Pietro
Published: January 2025

Positive muon spin rotation and relaxation spectroscopy is a well established experimental technique. We present here computational workflows to automate the corresponding simulations, boosting the predictive power of this technique.
Does one need to polish electrodes in an eight pattern? Automation provides the answer
Authors: Yoshikawa Naruki , Akkoc Gun Deniz , Pablo-García Sergio , Cao Yang , Hao Han , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: January 2025

Automation of electrochemical measurements can accelerate the discovery of new electroactive materials.
Organic–inorganic hybrid Co-containing polyoxoniobates as hydrogen evolution catalysts in alkaline media
Authors: Chen Chun-Xia , Duan Shui-Lin , Zhang Xiao-Yue , Sun Rong-Zhi , Cai Ping-Wei , Sun Cai , Zheng Shou-Tian
Published: January 2025

Two new organic-inorganic hybrid alkali-resistant Co-containing polyoxoniobates (PONbs) were successfully obtained. The catalyst with higher Co content exhibits superior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity under highly alkaline conditions.
Red and NIR light-triggered enhancement of anticancer and antibacterial activities of dinuclear Co(ii)-catecholate complexes
Authors: Dutta Jyotirmoy , Varshini Are , Padaga Sri Ganga , Bera Arpan , Sarkar Tukki , Biswas Swati , Hussain Akhtar
Published: January 2025

Photoactive dinuclear Co(ii) complex exhibits red/NIR light-enhanced anticancer and antibacterial activities via singlet oxygen generation, paving the way for designing long-wavelength absorbing Co(ii)-based PDT photosensitizers.
High-performance and stable NH3 production using a TiO2-protected Si photocathode and patterned Au loading
Authors: Tayyebi Ahmad , Juyeon Jeong , Moghaddam Mahsa Haddadi , Zafari Mohammad , Go Hyun-ju , Lee Dukhyung , Tayebi Meysam , Yang Hwa-Young , Shin Changhwan , del Carmen Gimenez-Lopez Maria , Lee Geunsik , Kim Dai Sik , Jang Ji-Wook
Published: January 2025

TiO2 deposition on silicon photocathode enhances its stability and forms an intimate junction with the Au electrocatalyst. Moreover, optimizing the Au loading amount is crucial for maximizing NH3 production efficiency.
A single droplet dispensing system for high-throughput screening and reliable recovery of rare events
Authors: Weiss Marian , Hasan Sadat , Genth Robert , Mollah Mohammad , Robert Elea , Gil Alejandro , Hufnagel Lars
Published: January 2025

Microfluidics enables high-throughput analysis and sorting of droplets containing single cells. This system facilitates the accurate transfer of sorted droplets into microwells, via a novel 3D-printed nozzle for precisely controlled dispensing.
Microfluidics for morpholomics and spatial omics applications
Authors: Venugopal Menon Nishanth , Lee Jeeyeon , Tang Tao , Lim Chwee Teck
Published: January 2025

Created in BioRender. Menon, N. (2025). https://www.BioRender.com/l48m487.
Time-resolved single-cell secretion analysis via microfluidics
Authors: Xu Ying , Chan Mei Tsz Jewel , Yang Ming , Meng Heixu , Chen Chia-Hung
Published: January 2025

Innovative microfluidic devices are essential for tracking single-cell secretion over time, enabling a deeper understanding of cell state transitions and molecular activity.
Copper–tin bimetallic aerogel alloy for the electroreduction of CO2 to formate
Authors: Ren Baibin , Shao Jing , Li Hongji , Xu Qingming
Published: January 2025

Aerogels were prepared by reducing metal precursors with NaBH4. The black precipitate obtained was left standing at room temperature until no more bubbles were observed. The precipitate was then freeze-dried overnight to remove water molecules.
Influence of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the carbon accumulation on silver exposed to carbon dioxide hydrogenation reaction conditions
Authors: Leidinger Paul Maurice , Panighel Mirco , Sushkevich Vitaly L. , Piseri Paolo , Podestà Alessandro , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. , Artiglia Luca
Published: January 2025

Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy elucidate the effect of carbon deposits on a silver catalyst with and without zinc oxide nanoparticles.
DBU-catalyzed annulation strategy for modular assembly of 2,3-difunctionalized dihydrobenzofurans
Authors: Yuan Lili , Wang Jie , Tang Qiang , Wang Yiping , Ma Beibei , Shang Yongjia , He Xinwei
Published: January 2025

We have developed an organocatalytic approach for the construction of a 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran scaffold through a formal [4 + 1] annulation of 2-(2-nitrovinyl)phenols and α-bromoacetophenones in the presence of DBU.
Strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition enhanced by secondary interactions
Authors: Yoshikawa Riko , Hamada Shohei , Matsuo Jun-ichi
Published: January 2025

In strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloadditions, secondary interactions to form a boronate contributed to rate enhancement and high regioselectivity of the cycloadditions.
Transformative reactions in nitroarene chemistry: C–N bond cleavage, skeletal editing, and N–O bond utilization
Authors: Iizumi Keiichiro , Yamaguchi Junichiro
Published: January 2025

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the expanding utility of nitroarenes and their potential for future applications in synthetic organic chemistry.
Praseodymium–selenium connecting selenotungstate containing mixed building blocks for catalytic synthesis of aza-heterocycles
Authors: Yang Guoping , Cao Jiawei , Lin Zhoufu , Li Shixiong , Dong Yayu , Liu Yufeng
Published: January 2025

A novel praseodymium–selenium connecting selenotungstates containing mixed building blocks was synthesized and exhibits excellent catalytic activity for the synthesis of aza-heterocycles under green and mild conditions.
Preparation and characterization of Ru-TiO2/PC/Fe3O4 composite catalyst with enhanced photocatalytic performance and magnetic recoverability under simulated solar light
Authors: Wu Ruixiang , Zhang Hanyan , Liu Wenhua , Bai Renao , Zheng Delun , Tian Xiufang , Lin Weikai , Li Lejian , Ke Qianwei
Published: January 2025

The hierarchically porous Ru-TiO2/PC/Fe3O4 composite prepared via biomimetic synthesis exhibits efficient photocatalysis and easy recoverability.
Retraction: Color tuning of Bi3+-doped double-perovskite Ba2(Gd1−x,Lux)NbO6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) solid solution compounds via crystal field modulation for white LEDs
Authors: Tang Xufang , Jin Dingfeng , Zhao Jun , Jin Min
Published: January 2025

Retraction of ‘Color tuning of Bi3+-doped double-perovskite Ba2(Gd1−x,Lux)NbO6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) solid solution compounds via crystal field modulation for white LEDs’ by Xufang Tang et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 25500–25508, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA03793A.
Engineering perfluoroarenes for enhanced molecular barrier effect and chirality transfer in solutions
Authors: Wang Tianhao , Zhang Zeyuan , Hao Aiyou , Xing Pengyao
Published: January 2025

In diluted solution-based assemblies, the derivatives of perfluoroarenes perform as efficient molecular barriers to perylene building units, lighting up luminescence.
B(MIDA)-directed site-selective intermolecular halofluoroalkylation of alkenes: synthesis of diversely functionalized building blocks
Authors: Wu Hengbo , Luo Ruitong , Peng Jingjing , Han Zijian , Zhang Renjie , Xu Zhijian , Zhu Weiliang , Liu Hong , Li Chunpu
Published: January 2025

B(MIDA) dictated Pd-catalyzed halofluoroalkylation of alkenes with fluoroalkyl halides for the synthesis of fluorinated α-halo boronates is developed. This unique technique is characterized by high efficiency and a remarkably broad substrate scope.
Flow environment affects nutrient transport in soft plant roots
Authors: Mehta Sumit Kumar , Talukdar Anirudha , Panja Suraj , Kalita Jinmay , Wongwises Somchai , Mondal Pranab Kumar
Published: January 2025

This work estimates Michaelis–Menten kinetics parameters for nutrient transport under varying flow rates in the soft roots of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) using a plant fluidic device.
In situ formation of ultrahigh molecular weight polymers in highly concentrated electrolytes and their physicochemical properties
Authors: Kamiyama Yuji , Ueki Takeshi , Tamate Ryota
Published: January 2025

Physical gels composed solely of chain entanglements of ultrahigh molecular weight polymers in highly concentrated lithium salt electrolytes were developed through a facile one-pot process, exhibiting notable viscoelastic and mechanical properties.
Effect of surface-engineered AuNPs on gene expression, bacterial interaction, protein denaturation, and toxicology assay: an in vitro and in vivo model
Authors: Sowndarya A. , Daniel Thangadurai T. , Thomas Nebu George , Sreedharan Renjith , Anil Sukumaran , Manjubaashini N. , Satheesh Babu T. G. , Megha Kumar S.
Published: January 2025

The role of non-toxic and highly biocompatible pamoic acid functionalized gold nanoparticles (PA@AuNPs) on in vitro gene expression, bacterial interaction, protein denaturation, and in vivo toxicology is assessed.
Improving the efficiency of all-polymer solar cells through morphology control via a combination approach: polar solvent additives and external electric field
Authors: Moon Yina , Han Nara , Lee Minwoo , Song Geon Chang , Yang Dongseong , Beak Jeongwoo , Kim Dong-Yu
Published: January 2025

This study combines polar solvent additive-induced pre-aggregation with electric field treatment to optimize BHJ film morphology in all-polymer solar cells, improving crystallinity and fibrillar structure to achieve a 35.7% PCE increase.
Electrochromic fabrics with improved cycling stability via modified polyaniline towards environmentally adaptive camouflage
Authors: Ding Mingyu , Li Wanzhong , Li Ang , Wang Yuhao , Liu Jingbing , Zhang Qianqian , Wang Hao
Published: January 2025

Energy level modulation enhances the long cycling performance of coral-like polyaniline for environmentally adaptive military applications.
Extremely durable supercapacitor enabled by disordered porous carbon with a capacity retention up to 60 000 cycles
Authors: Ma Yu , Ma Chenmiao , Wang Jingya , Gao Xiaoqing , Li Zepeng , Han Yingdong
Published: January 2025

Porous carbon materials have been prepared through a salt template method. The as-fabricated supercapacitors show an excellent cycling stability. These supercapacitors hold great potential for application in the field of energy storage.
Enhancing efficiency in organic electronics via J-aggregation modulation with non-halogenated solvents
Authors: Cai Guangting , Zhao Zhenmin , Chung Sein , Bai Liang , Tan Lixing , Li Xin , Zhao Jingjing , Liu Yuan , Cho Kilwon , Kan Zhipeng
Published: January 2025

The co-solvent system comprising O-XY and DIO has regulated the J-aggregation of donors and acceptors, thereby optimizing their phase separation, leading to efficient organic optoelectronic devices.
Steric hindrance of organotin compounds in controlling the batch-to-batch variance of photovoltaic polymer donors
Authors: He Yongrui , Yue Yuchen , Zhang Jingfa , Huang Ying , Zhou Xucong , Shen Han , Li Kuan , Shen Jie , Zeng Landi , Liu Jingjing , Wang Jingxia , Wang Bin , Jiang Lei , Huo Lijun , Zheng Bing
Published: January 2025

Steric hindrance of organotin can increase the difficulty of forming the transmetalation transition state. This difficulty can control the molecular weight changes, thereby reducing the batch-to-batch variance of the polymers.
Control Filter Estimation for Multichannel Active Noise Control Using Kronecker Product Decomposition
Authors: Lee Hakjun , Park Youngjin
Published: January 2025

Active noise control (ANC) algorithms have been developed within the adaptive algorithm framework. However, multichannel ANC systems, which include numerous reference sensors, control speakers, and error microphones, require a very long control filter converging time for control filter estimation. Traditional system identification methods, such as the Wiener filter method, are better suited for such systems because of their relatively shorter converging time. However, they require large amounts of data to achieve accurate statistical estimation. Therefore, this article proposes a control filter estimation method that requires only a short length of data. An iterative Wiener filter solution using Kronecker product decomposition for multichannel ANC systems converts the filter estimation process by breaking down the extensive control filter into multiple shorter control filters through Kronecker product decomposition. This decomposition effectively reduces the high‐dimensional system identification problem into manageable low‐dimensional ones. Numerical simulations demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over conventional Wiener filter techniques, especially in scenarios when limited data are available for control filter estimation.