bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verbal Fluency in Prelingually Deaf, Early Implanted Children and Adolescents With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Hasnain Fahad , Herran Reid M. , Henning Shirley C. , Ditmars Allison M. , Pisoni David B. , Sehgal Susan T. , Kronenberger William G.
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

Verbal fluency tasks assess the ability to quickly and efficiently retrieve words from the mental lexicon by requiring subjects to rapidly generate words within a phonological or semantic category. This study investigated differences between cochlear implant users and normal-hearing peers in the clustering and time course of word retrieval during phonological and semantic verbal fluency tasks.

Method:

Twenty-eight children and adolescents (aged 9–17 years) with cochlear implants and 33 normal-hearing peers completed measures of verbal fluency, nonverbal intelligence, speech perception, and verbal short-term/working memory. Phonological and semantic verbal fluency tests were scored for total words generated, words generated in each 10-s interval of the 1-min task, latency to first word generated, number of word clusters, average cluster size, and number of word/cluster switches.

Results:

Children and adolescents with cochlear implants generated fewer words than normal-hearing peers throughout the entire 60-s time interval of the phonological and semantic fluency tasks. Cochlear implant users also had slower start latency times and produced fewer clusters and switches than normal-hearing peers during the phonological fluency task. Speech perception and verbal working memory scores were more strongly associated with verbal fluency scores in children and adolescents with cochlear implants than in normal-hearing peers.

Conclusions:

Cochlear implant users show poorer phonological and semantic verbal fluency than normal-hearing peers, and their verbal fluency is significantly associated with speech perception and verbal working memory. These findings suggest deficits in fluent retrieval of phonological and semantic information from long-term lexical memory in cochlear implant users.
Discovering planets with PLATO: Comparison of algorithms for stellar activity filtering
Authors: Canocchi G. , Malavolta L. , Pagano I. , Barragán O. , Piotto G. , Aigrain S. , Desidera S. , Grziwa S. , Cabrera J. , Rauer H.
Published: March 2023

Context. To date, stellar activity is one of the main limitations in detecting small exoplanets via the transit photometry technique. Since this activity is enhanced in young stars, traditional filtering algorithms may severely underperform in attempting to detect such exoplanets, with shallow transits often obscured by the photometric modulation of the light curve.

Aims. This paper aims to compare the relative performances of four algorithms developed by independent research groups specifically for the filtering of activity in the light curves of young active stars, prior to the search for planetary transit signals: Notch and LOCoR (N&L), Young Stars Detrending (YSD), K2 Systematics Correction (K2SC), and VARLET. Our comparison also includes the two best-performing algorithms implemented in the Wōtan package: Tukey’s biweight and Huber spline algorithms.

Methods. For this purpose, we performed a series of injection-retrieval tests of planetary transits of different types, from Jupiter down to Earth-sized planets, moving both on circular and eccentric orbits. These experiments were carried out over a set of 100 realistically simulated light curves of both quiet and active solar-like stars (i.e., F and G types) that will be observed by the ESA Planetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) space telescope, starting 2026.

Results. From the experiments for transit detections, we found that N&L is the best choice in many cases, since it misses the lowest number of transits. However, this algorithm is shown to underperform when the planetary orbital period closely matches the stellar rotation period, especially in the case of small planets for which the biweight and VARLET algorithms work better. Moreover, for light curves with a large number of data-points, the combined results of two algorithms, YSD and Huber spline, yield the highest recovery percentage. Filtering algorithms allow us to obtain a very precise estimate of the orbital period and the mid-transit time of the detected planets, while the planet-to-star radius is underestimated most of the time, especially in cases of grazing transits or eccentric orbits. A refined filtering that takes into account the presence of the planet is thus compulsory for proper planetary characterization analyses.
Highlights from the NA61/SHINE
Authors: Pulawski Szymon
Published: March 2023

NA61/SHINE is a multipurpose fixed-target facility at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The main goals of the NA61/SHINE stronginteractions program are to discover the critical point of strongly interacting matter as well as to determine the properties of produced particles relevant for the study of the onset of deconfinement - the transition between the state of hadronic matter and the quark-gluon plasma. An analysis of hadron production properties is performed in nucleus-nucleus, proton-proton, and proton-nucleus interactions as a function of collision energy and size of the colliding nuclei to achieve these goals.

The selected NA61/SHINE results from this program are presented. In particular, the latest results from different reactions p+p, Be+Be, Ar+Sc, and Pb+Pb on hadron spectra and fluctuations are discussed. The NA61/SHINE results are compared with worldwide experiments and predictions from various theoretical models, like EPOS, PHSD, UrQMD, and others.
Deciphering the phases of QCD matter with fluctuations and correlations of conserved charges
Authors: Rustamov Anar
Published: March 2023

A review is given on recent experimental and theoretical/phenomenological developments regarding the phase structure of the strongly interacting matter. Specifically, evolution with collision energy of netproton number fluctuations as measured by several experiments are presented and their implications for the QCD phase diagram are outlined. In addition, theoretical calculations on correlations between conserved charges are presented and prospects for their experimental explorations are addressed.
Particle production as a function of underlying-event activity and very forward energy with ALICE
Authors: Fan Feng
Published: March 2023

Measurements of charged-particle production in pp and p-Pb collisions at √SNN=5.02 TeV in the toward, away and transverse regions are discussed. These three regions are defined event by event relative to the track with the largest transverse momentum (pTtrig). The transverse region is sensitive to the underlying event (UE), but it also includes contributions from initial-and final-state radiation (1SR-FSR). Therefore, it is further subdivided in two regions, defined according to their relative multiplicities: trans-max (the sub-transverse region with the larger multiplicity) and trans-min (the sub-transverse region with the smaller multiplicity) regions which have an enhanced sensitivity to ISR-FSR and UE, respectively. KNO-like scaling properties are explored in the three defined regions. Finally, the relationship between pTtrig and the energy detected in a region close to beam rapidity (very forward energy) is reported.
Equation of State and Energy Loss of Hot and Dense Quark-Gluon matter from Holographic Black Holes
Authors: Grefa Joaquin , Hippert Mauricio , Noronha Jorge , Noronha-Hostler Jacquelyn , Portillo Israel , Ratti Claudia , Rougemont Romulo
Published: March 2023

By using gravity/gauge correspondence, we construct a holographic model, constrained to mimic the lattice QCD equation of state at zero density, to investigate the temperature and baryon chemical potential dependence of the equation of state. We also obtained the energy loss of light and heavy partons within the hot and dense plasma represented by the heavy quark drag force, Langevin diffusion coefficients and jet quenching parameter at the critical point and across the first-order transition line predicted by the model.
From lattice to observables: Real and virtual experiments for exploring hot and dense QCD
Authors: Kitazawa Masakiyo
Published: March 2023

Relativistic heavy-ion collisions and the lattice QCD Monte-Carlo simulations are important “experimental” tools for investigating the properties of the medium described by QCD under extreme conditions. After briefly ex-amining their characteristics, I pick up the study of the critical points in QCD as an example of the research subjects that these two tools play complementary roles and discuss recent topics that have been achieved with the use of each tool.
Elliptic flow of strange and multi-strange hadrons in isobar collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV at RHIC
Authors: Sinha Priyanshi
Published: March 2023

We report the elliptic flow (υ2) of Ks0, Λ, Ξ¯+, ϕ, Ξ−, and Ξ+ at midrapidity for Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV. The transverse momentum (pT) and centrality dependence of υ2 have been studied. The number of constituent quark (NCQ) scaling for all the (multi-)strange hadrons has also been tested. The dependence in the ratio of average υ2 (〈υ2〉) on centrality shows a deviation from unity indicating a difference in nuclear structure and deformation between the isobars. The results show a systematic size dependence when compared to Cu+Cu, Au+Au, and U+U collisions at similar beam energies.
Collective flow of light nuclei and hyper-nuclei in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 3, 14.6, 19.6, 27, and 54.4 GeV using the STAR detector
Authors: Sharma Rishabh
Published: March 2023

Light nuclei and hyper-nuclei are produced in abundance in heavyion collisions. The production mechanism of these species in heavy-ion collisions still remains to be understood. In these proceedings, we report the transverse momentum and centrality dependence of elliptic flow (υ2) of d, t, and 3He in Au+Au collisions at √SNN = 14.6, 19.6, 27, and 54.4 GeV. Mass number scaling of υ2(pT) of light nuclei is shown. We also report the first observation of hyper-nuclei Λ3H and Λ4H directed flow (υ1) in √SNN = 3 GeV mid-central (5-40%) Au+Au collisions in the fixed target mode.
Understanding the initial state effects by the measurement of the Drell-Yan process in pPb collisions with CMS
Authors: Kim Hyunchul
Published: March 2023

The Drell-Yan process is considered as an essential probe to understand initial-state protons, usually described by the parton distribution functions (PDFs) for stand-alone protons and by the nuclear PDFs (nPDFs) for protons confined in the nucleus. In the LHC era, Z and W boson production in pPb and PbPb collisions have been used to investigate the initial-state effects. In this presentation, we report results for the Drell-Yan process in pPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV with the CMS detector. Differential cross sections are presented as functions of dimuon pT, rapidity and ϕ∗ in a wider dimuon mass region which includes not only the Z boson mass range but also the lower mass region down to 15 GeV. In addition, the forward-backward asymmetries are shown in both mass regions, and the uncertainties are found to be smaller than in the model calculations. The results in the Z mass region are the most precise to date, while the measurements in the lower mass region allow access to a new phase space of nPDF studies at a lower longitudinal momentum fraction x and lower energy scale Q2. The results are compared to the EPPS16 and nCTEQ15WZ nPDFs, and the free-proton PDF CT14. An improved understanding of the nuclear PDF and the modeling of pPb collisions is achieved.
(Anti)nucleosynthesis in heavy-ion collisions and (anti)nuclei as "baryonmeter" of the collision
Authors: Ciacco Mario
Published: March 2023

The production mechanism of light (anti)nuclei in heavy-ion collisions has been extensively studied experimentally and theoretically. Two competing (anti)nucleosynthesis models are typically used to describe light (anti)nuclei yields and their ratios to other hadrons in heavy-ion collisions: the statistical hadronization model (SHM) and the nucleon coalescence model. The possibility to distinguish these phenomenological models calls for new experimental observables.

Given their large baryon number, light (anti)nuclei have a high sensitivity to the baryon chemical potential (μB) of the system created in the collision. In this talk, the first measurement of event-by-event antideuteron number fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions is presented and compared with expectations of the SHM and coalescence model. In addition, the antinuclei-to-nuclei ratios are used to obtain a measurement of μB in heavy-ion collisions with unprecedented precision.
Studies of low-x phenomena with the LHCb detector
Authors: Boettcher Thomas
Published: March 2023

With a unique geometry covering the forward rapidity region, the LHCb detector provides unprecedented kinematic coverage at low Bjorken-x down to x ~ 10−5 or lower. The excellent momentum resolution, vertex reconstruction and particle identification allow precision measurements down to very low hadron transverse momentum. In this contribution we present the latest studies of the relatively unknown low-x region using the LHCb detector, including recent measurements of charged and neutral hadron production, as well as direct photon and hadron correlations in proton-proton and proton-lead collisions. Comparisons to various theoretical model calculations are also discussed.
Red-Shifting Blue Light Photoredox Catalysis for Organic Synthesis: A Graphical Review
Authors: Rovis Tomislav , Beck Logan R. , Xie Katherine A. , Goldschmid Samantha L. , Kariofillis Stavros K. , Joe Candice L. , Sherwood Trevor C. , Sezen-Edmonds Melda
Published: March 2023

Photoredox catalysis has revolutionized synthetic chemistry in recent decades. However, the field has traditionally used high-energy blue/ultraviolet light to activate chromophores. High-energy irradiation is associated with several drawbacks (e.g., activation of sensitive functional groups, undesired metal-ligand homolysis, background activation of molecules, and poor penetration), which has led researchers to develop alternative systems with lower energy deep red (DR) or near-infrared (NIR) light. This graphical review provides a concise overview of photophysical principles relevant to photoredox catalysis. Several applications that benefit from low-energy irradiation, such as large-scale batch reactions, photodynamic therapy, biological labeling, and multi-photon excitation are reviewed.
Koser’s Reagent Mediated Oxidation of Aldoximes: Synthesis of Isoxazolines by 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions
Authors: Peddinti Rama Krishna , Budhwan Rajnish , Rawat Megha
Published: March 2023

A metal- and base-free, robust, and convenient approach for the synthesis of isoxazoline derivatives is reported. This protocol involves 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between in situ generated nitrile oxides from the corresponding aldoximes using [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene (HTIB, Koser’s reagent) and maleimides, styrene and acrylonitrile. The described methodology is very attractive as it is operationally simple, has broad scope, and does not require any base, metal, or other additives.
A Rare Case of Extensor Digitorum Communis Rupture Due to Pancarpal Arthritis
Authors: Shiraz Salman , Bhandari Laxminarayan
Published: March 2023

We report the case of a 71-year-old man who presented to our clinic with extensor digitorum communis (EDC) tendon rupture associated with pancarpal arthritis. He presented with a history of prolonged chainsaw usage. Later that day upon waking up, he noticed an inability to extend his small and ring fingers. On examination, the EDC of the ring and small fingers showed zero power. Radiographs of the wrist joint showed pancarpal arthritis with a dorsally displaced lunate along with distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ) osteoarthritis (OA). During surgery, a sharp posterior lunate prominence was noticed to be the cause of the attrition and rupture of EDC. The DRUJ surface was relatively smooth. Proximal row carpectomy and transfer of extensor indicis proprius (EIP) to EDC reverse end-to-side were done. Postoperatively, the patient gained full extension. There are no other similar cases reported in the literature.
A South Asian neutral power in the United Nations: India’s peacekeeping mission on the Korean peninsula (1947–1955)
Authors: Kim David W.
Published: March 2023

The end of World War II (1939–1545) by Germany’s (May 8) and Japan’s surrender (August 15) brought a major socio-political transformation in the colonialised nations of Asia. The independence of the Korean Peninsula from the Japanese imperialism was not smoothly implemented for a peaceful settlement. Rather, the ideological camps of communism (=socialism) and democracy (=capitalism) dominated in the region, which became the hub of the Cold War in the late 1940s and the 1950s. The local citizens confronted the political conflict for the unified Korea. The US allied with the UN, turning against North Korea and its socialist allies. Meantime, India emerged in the UN for the Korean issues. Then, how did India, the new international leader, involve the process of the post-colonial unification (1948–1950) with the major powers (the US, the Soviet Union, China and the UK)? What about the position of India during the Korean War (1950–53)? How can one interpret India’s policy on the POW repatriation issue (1953–1955)? This paper explores the non-military initiatives of the South Asian country as a ‘neutral power’ through the cases of India’s authority within the United Nations (Temporary) Commission on Korea (UN(T)COK), the 60th Parachute Field Ambulance (PFA), and Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission (NNRC) and Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC). This paper argues that the soft diplomacy of India strategically established the foundation of a peacekeeping mission on the Korean Peninsula (1947–1955) even though the politico-historical relationship with the Soviet Union and China frequently caused serious misunderstands for South Korea.

After all, India was not even three years old at the outbreak of the conflict (Korean War). It also had extremely difficult domestic problems, a hostile Pakistan on its flanks and the People’s Republic of China (PRC)—a potential threat … Still, India was the largest and most vocal Third World country not embedded in the emerging Cold War alliance structure, with Nehru the champion of anti-imperialism and neutralism (Barnes, 2013b, p. 265)
Addressing nanowire stress during mechanical characterization
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: March 2023

The electron beam induces mechanical stress to suspended nanowire samples during scanning electron microscopy, but proper sample preparation can remedy the problem.
Magnetic and transport properties of electron doped EuTiO3 thin films with La3+ (4f) or Gd3+ (4f7) donors grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Takahara N. , Takahashi K. S. , Maruhashi K. , Tokura Y. , Kawasaki M.
Published: March 2023

EuTiO3 (ETO) is a unique magnetic semiconductor with a large localized magnetic moment of Eu2+ (4f 7). By the doping of high-mobility electrons in the Ti 3d conduction band, peculiar magnetotransport properties such as the unconventional anomalous Hall effect (AHE) due to Berry curvature in momentum space, as well as the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations of spin polarized electrons, have been observed. In this study, we have examined the physical properties of high quality ETO films with La3+ (4f0) or Gd3+ (4f7) donors (ELTO or EGTO) grown on nearly lattice matched SrTiO3 substrates with a gas source molecular beam epitaxy. We find that the anti-ferromagnetic ordering of ELTO is destabilized by the vacancy of the magnetic moment on the La-site for ELTO. The maximum electron mobility for ELTO (<3200 cm2 V−1 s−1) is larger than that of EGTO (<1500 cm2 V−1 s−1), keeping the metallic state at very diluted doping. The AHE changes its sign with shifting the Fermi level position across the Weyl nodes, as seen previously for compressively strained ELTO films, but the critical electron density is much lower, which can be explained by the absence of additional crystal-field splitting in the lattice matched system. These unveiled transport properties provide deeper understanding of the transport phenomena related to the topology of the band structure in high-mobility, magnetic oxide semiconductors.
Photoelectrically detected magnetic resonance on sulfur doped NV centers
Authors: Becker S. , Lühmann T. , Meijer J. , Pezzagna S.
Published: March 2023

The compatibility of the method of photoelectrically detected magnetic resonance with the technique of nitrogen vacancy (NV) yield enhancement by sulfur doping has been demonstrated. For this purpose, ensembles of nitrogen vacancy centers of different area densities were generated in undoped, medium doped, and heavily doped areas of a diamond sample. The implantation depths for the dopants and the nitrogen atoms were matched in advance using the Monte Carlo simulation program “Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter.” A comparison of the pulsed photoelectrically detected magnetic resonance spectra of the NV ensembles also revealed a moderate enhancement of the signal to noise ratio for the doped areas. A connection with the increase of the NV− to NV0 ratio in the doped areas observed in optical measurements is suggested by us.
Canonical and canonoid transformations for Hamiltonian systems on (co)symplectic and (co)contact manifolds
Authors: Azuaje R. , Escobar-Ruiz A. M.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we present canonical and canonoid transformations considered as global geometrical objects for Hamiltonian systems. Under the mathematical formalisms of symplectic, cosymplectic, contact, and cocontact geometries, the canonoid transformations are defined for (co)symplectic and (co)contact Hamiltonian systems. The local characterizations of these transformations are derived explicitly, and it is demonstrated that for a given canonoid transformation, there exist constants of motion associated with it.
Significantly reinforced thermoelectric performance in the novel 1T-Au6Se2 monolayer
Authors: Yue Jincheng , Zhang Ao , Li Junda , Liu Yanhui , Cui Tian
Published: March 2023

Ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity has long been a requirement for the high thermoelectric properties of materials. In this work, the novel 1T-Au6Se2 monolayer was obtained by introducing Au6 clusters into the selenide monolayer, and its electrical and thermal transport characteristics are investigated using first-principles computations supplemented with semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory. The calculation shows that the 1T-Au6Se2 monolayer exhibits ultra-low lattice thermal conductivity and excellent thermoelectric properties owing to its low phonon frequency, group velocity, and extremely strong anharmonicity. Based on strain engineering from 0% to 2%, the lattice thermal conductivity further reduces by restricting the thermal transport on the premise of maintaining outstanding electrical transport properties in the p-type doped system. Thence, the value of ZT for the p-type system increases nearly by 70% compared with the non-stressed state at 700 K. Our investigation indicates the ultra-low thermal conductivity and high ZT of the 1T-Au6Se2 monolayer that might be prepared in the lab, providing new insights into enhancing the thermoelectric performance of the material in the future.
Climate tipping points: A personal view
Authors: McIntyre Michael Edgeworth
Published: March 2023

The worst uncertainties about climate change are outside the scope of climate models but can be thought about in other ways—especially by learning from past climates.
A climatologist’s introduction to data analysis tools
Authors: Marston Brad
Published: March 2023

Statistical Methods for Climate Scientists, Timothy M. DelSole and Michael K. Tippett, Cambridge U. Press, 2022, $69.99
Building on Mars with human blood and urine
Authors: Roberts Aled D.
Published: March 2023

Researchers look to the human body as a feasible resource for construction materials beyond Earth.
Evaluation and empirical study of Happy River on the basis of AHP: a case study of Shaoxing City (Zhejiang, China)
Authors: Xu Dong , Zhu Dongfeng , Deng Youhua , Sun Qirui , Ma Junzhe , Liu Fang
Published: March 2023

Context ‘Happy River’ is a new goal of river management in the new era of China. Aims To quantitatively evaluate the status of ‘Happy River’. Methods The evaluation model of ‘Happy River Index’ was established in this study through the analytic hierarchy process according to the three levels of ‘objective–criterion–index’. The criterion layer includes the following five parts (including weights): water protection (0.25), ecological construction (0.22), landscape aesthetics (0.20), water culture (0.18) and social functions (0.15); three to six indicators are set under each criterion layer as the index layer. On the basis of this, the main rivers in six regions of Shaoxing City were evaluated and the scores calculated comprehensively. Key results The results showed that the total scores of Shangyu District, Yuecheng District and Xinchang County were 89, 87 and 85 respectively, indicating that the rivers are in a very good state; the total scores of Zhuji City, Shengzhou City and Keqiao District were 82, 80 and 75 respectively, indicating that the state of rivers is relatively poor compared to the first three regions. Conclusions The follow-up work can be promoted from the aspects of ecological construction, water culture construction, water protection and social functions. Implications The established model and empirical study have provided a theoretical basis and data basis for the comprehensive evaluation of modern rivers.
Investigation of heat transfer characteristics of graphene nanoplatelets dispersed aluminium composite
Authors: Vignesh Kumar R. , Harichandran R. , Selvakumar N. , Vijayakumar R.
Published: March 2023

The thermal stability and specific heat capacity of Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) dispersed aluminium composites are determined using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Results of DSC analysis of the Al/2.0 wt-% GNPs composite show a 174% enhancement in specific heat capacity. Compared to pure aluminium, the Al/2.0 wt-% GNPs composite's TGA results show a 2% mass reduction. Heat transfer characteristics like heat transfer coefficient, fin efficiency, and heat transfer through a fin were determined using a pin-fin heat transfer apparatus under free and forced convection. Compared to pure aluminium, graphene nanoplatelets reinforcement in an aluminium matrix improves the heat transfer characteristics of prepared composites under both free and forced convection.
Estimating the Effects of Secure Services on Reconviction. Part 1 – Predictive Validity of the Offending Groups Reconviction Scale (OGRS-2) and Redundancy of Patient Social and Clinical Features
Authors: Hill Charlotte , Bagshaw Ruth , Hewlett Paul , Perham Nick , Davies Jason , Maden Anthony , Watt Andrew
Published: March 2023

The Offender Group Reconviction Scale 2 (OGRS-2) excludes social and clinical factors that are known to be associated with offending risk in people with mental health problems, but shows similar predictive validity to structured professional judgment tools that include them. The aim of this study was to determine whether the predictive validity of OGRS-2 would be enhanced by the addition of social and clinical factors. A retrospective case note analysis was conducted on a national cohort of patients who were discharged from 35 UK medium secure between 01 April 1997 and 31 March 1998. Social factors, clinical factors and OGRS-2 probability scores were combined in a regression model using violent and any reconviction as outcomes across two-, four- and six year follow up periods. The OGRS-2 showed strong predictive validity for both any and violent reoffending, addition of social and clinical factors yielded no significant improvements. OGRS-2 may have reached an accuracy ceiling in predicting re-offending but remains effective for use alone to estimate risk of further convictions following discharge. OGRS-2 retains the well-established limitations of actuarial risk tools but can potentially aid in decision making around supervision and monitoring. OGRS-2 has potential to control for reconviction risk in reoffending outcome studies of medium secure service users.
Electronic Structure of the Weak Topological Insulator Candidate Zintl Ba3Cd2Sb4
Authors: Huang Jierui , Zhang Tan , Xu Sheng , Rao Zhicheng , Li Jiajun , Liu Junde , Gao Shunye , Huang Yaobo , Zhu Wenliang , Xia Tianlong , Weng Hongming , Qian Tian
Published: March 2023

One of the greatest triumph of condensed matter physics in the past ten years is the classification of materials by the principle of topology. The existence of topological protected dissipationless surface state makes topological insulators great potential for applications and hotly studied. However, compared with the prosperity of strong topological insulators, theoretical predicted candidate materials and experimental confirmation of weak topological insulators (WTIs) are both extremely rare. By combining systematic first-principles calculation and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements, we have studied the electronic structure of the dark surface of the WTI candidate Zintl Ba3Cd2Sb4 and another related material Ba3Cd2As4. The existence of two Dirac surface states on specific side surfaces predicted by theoretical calculations and the observed two band inversions in the Brillouin zone give strong evidence to prove that the Ba3Cd2Sb4 is a WTI. The spectroscopic characterization of this Zintl Ba3Cd2N4 (N = As and Sb) family materials will facilitate applications of their novel topological properties.
Effect of decoherence for gate operations on a superconducting bosonic qubit
Authors: Mizuno Kosuke , Takenaka Takaaki , Mahboob Imran , Saito Shiro
Published: March 2023

High-quality-factor 3D cavities in superconducting circuits are ideal candidates for bosonic logical qubits as their fidelity is limited only by the low photon loss rate. However, the transmon qubits that are used to manipulate bosonic qubits result in the emergence of additional relaxation and dephasing channels. In this work, a numerical study is performed to elucidate the effect of the various loss channels on the performance of logical gates on a bosonic qubit. A gate error model is developed that encapsulates the loss mechanisms for arbitrary gate operations and predicts experimentally achievable gate errors for bosonic qubits. The insights gleaned from this study into loss mechanisms suggest more efficient optimization algorithms that could reduce gate errors on bosonic qubits.
Quantum heat engine with long-range advantages
Authors: Solfanelli Andrea , Giachetti Guido , Campisi Michele , Ruffo Stefano , Defenu Nicolò
Published: March 2023

Long-range interacting quantum devices provides a promising route for quantum technology applications. Here, the presence of long-range interactions is shown to enhance the performances of a quantum heat engine featuring a many-body working substance. We focus on the paradigmatic example of a Kitaev chain undergoing a quantum Otto cycle and show that a substantial thermodynamic advantage may be achieved as the range of the interactions among its constituents increases. The advantage is most significant for the realistic situation of a finite time cycle: the presence of long-range interactions reduces the non-adiabatic energy losses, by suppressing the detrimental effects of dynamically generated excitations. This effect allows mitigating the trade-off between power and efficiency, paving the way for a wide range of experimental and technological applications.
Study on Secondary Electron Yield of Dielectric Materials
Authors: Huang Ling , Wang Qian
Published: March 2023

The secondary electron emission coefficient of dielectric materials will have an important impact on the performance of electronic devices and equipment. In order to understand the secondary electron emission coefficient of common dielectric materials, the collection electrode negative bias method is introduced in this study. First, the measurement method of secondary electron emission coefficient of dielectric materials is analyzed, and 20 common dielectric materials are introduced, the secondary electron emission coefficients of 20 kinds of common dielectric materials were measured and analyzed, which laid the foundation for the subsequent application of dielectric materials. The results show that among common dielectric materials, the secondary electron emission coefficients of alumina, silica and muscovite are relatively high, while those of polyimide, polycarbonate and polyester are relatively low; The surface roughness of the material will also have an important impact on the secondary electron emission coefficient. With the gradual increase of the surface roughness of the material, the undulation of the material surface will have a shielding effect and absorption effect on the secondary electrons, which will eventually lead to the gradual reduction of the secondary electron emission coefficient of the material. The research results can provide data support for the establishment of the database of secondary electron emission characteristics of common dielectric materials.
Research on Pulse Power Wireless Communication Network Based on LoRa Technology
Authors: Wang Yi , Su Zizhou , Huang Kai , Yan Jie , Wang Sui , Ye Weisheng
Published: March 2023

In this paper, the engineering of pulse power supply in electromagnetic launch technology is studied in depth, the advantages and disadvantages of optical fiber communication transmission currently used are analyzed, and then the requirements for data transmission of pulse power supply system are summarized, and several commonly used wireless communication technologies are analyzed and compared, such as ZigBee, LoRa, SigFox, NB IoT, 5G, etc. According to the comprehensive comparison of these technologies in transmission distance, rate, bandwidth, security, time delay, self built network and other aspects, the scheme of using LoRa wireless communication technology to replace optical fiber transmission is finally determined, and the LoRa wireless communication network construction, controller hardware circuit design, module software program, data transmission communication protocol, data encryption, data storage and other contents in the scheme are further designed in detail, It also predicts the further research and development of LoRa wireless communication technology in pulse power supply.
Research of a High Voltage Generator for Medical Diagnostic X-ray Equipment
Authors: Sun Jilai , Yu Shufei , Wang Lu , Cui Jianguo
Published: March 2023

A kind of designing scheme of high voltage generator for medical diagnostic X-ray equipment is proposed. A X-ray HV generator, which has output voltage from 60kV to 160kV and tube current from 1mA to 10mA, is developed successfully by applying the technology of LC series resonant soft-switching, high voltage doubling and rectifying, full bridge inverter and pulse width modulation. The topologic structure and simulating result are listed detailed, including high frequency inverter circuit, doubling and rectifying circuit and the controlling system. At last, the experimental data and waveform of the X-ray high voltage generator are presented, verifying the validity of the design scheme.
Simulation Research on Trajectory Planning of Double-arm Cooperative Live Working Robot for Transmission Lines
Authors: Quan Wusheng , Zou Dehua , Xi Chongyu , Qiao Minmin , Liu Lanlan , Jiang Wei
Published: March 2023

High-voltage transmission lines are the main artery for power transmission, dampers, insulators and drainage plates are typical hardware on transmission lines. The harsh service environment will damage transmission line hardware and seriously affect the safety and stable operation of transmission lines. The electrical power robots are used to carry out transmission line maintenance operations. It is of great significance to improve work safety and work efficiency. Through the analysis of typical hardware maintenance tasks, it can be seen that most of the operations require the coordinated movement of the double arms to complete. Based on this, this paper proposes a basic configuration of a double-arm collaborative robot. At the same time, based on the polynomial interpolation theory, the robot arm motion trajectory planning is carried out, and then the trajectory planning simulation model of the robot manipulator in the MATLAB environment has been established and the trajectory simulation research has been carried out on the robot manipulator to reconstruct the end tool and the manipulator to carry the end tool to the work point. The simulation results show that compared with the single-arm operation mode, the cooperative operation of the double arms can not only improve the operation efficiency, but also complete some tasks that cannot be completed by the single-arm operation, the research in this paper has important theoretical significance and practical application value for the intelligent operation and maintenance management of transmission network.
A Data-Driven Method for Power System Emergency Control to Improve Short-Term Voltage Stability
Authors: Li Meng , Lin Zhangsui , Lin Yi , Tang Yuchen , Jiang Changxu , Liu Chenxi , Shao Zhenguo
Published: March 2023

The power system contains a variety of uncertainties of different types of sources and loads, as well as random contingencies. Under these uncertainties and rapidly changing operating conditions, traditional rule-based methods cannot dynamically handle short-term voltage instability. To alleviate this situation, this paper proposes a novel power system emergency control scheme using a data-driven method, which combines edge-conditioned graph convolutional networks and deep reinforcement learning. The edge-conditioned graph convolutional network is utilized to extract the characteristics from not only power system nodes but also transmission lines. Deep reinforcement learning is introduced to perform load shedding actions, so as to guarantee the safety and stability of the electric power system. The IEEE 39-bus network is utilized for simulations to validate the effectiveness of the proposed data-driven method. The outcomes demonstrate the proposed method can generate a superior strategy in a number of the short-term voltage instability(STVI) circumstances.
Design and Research of Channel Circuit Based on Broadband Power Line Carrier
Authors: Chen Siyu , Sun Hang , Weng Min , Wen Shijie , Li Le , Liu Bingqing
Published: March 2023

In order to effectively improve the anti-attenuation, anti-noise and anti-impedance change capabilities of the low-voltage narrowband power line carrier communication unit, reduce the carrier signal coupling attenuation, and highly fidelity signal power encoded and modulated by the carrier chip, an improved high-speed power line carrier communication transceiver circuit is designed. Using 303.13kHz~357.81kHz as sub-carrier signal frequency can effectively avoid the random noise generated by high-power power electronic equipment and household appliances below 35kHz. At the same time, to prevent the frequency crosstalk of power line carrier products with 270kHz and 421kHz as the center frequency, the Y-coupling capacitor and sixth order Butterworth band-pass filter circuit are used to design the signal receiving and transmitting circuit of the communication unit to isolate unwanted signals. The experimental simulation of the designed circuit is carried out on the circuit simulation software Multisim 12. The results show that the designed power line carrier communication transceiver circuit can effectively control the signal coupling attenuation within 4dB, and the filtering of unwanted signals can also reach 41.7dB, which has good application value.
Microgrid Fault Identification Based on VMD-MPE
Authors: Yu Zhenkai , Wang Bin , Xu Wanwan , Yan Yong
Published: March 2023

Due to complex operation of microgrid and the difficulty of extracting thin fault signal features, traditional relay protection will take misoperation to protect. This article proposes a fault detection method based on VMD-MPE to take accurate fault detection. This scheme processes the current signal through the VMD algorithm that decomposes it to different modes. Considering that MPE has the advantage of exploring the dynamic mutation within the faint signal, the MPE of the most significant mode is being computed, which can be selected to extract construct the fault signal feature and observe the difference of different phase, so as to characterize different fault types. Finally, a microgrid model system is built on the PSCAD simulation experiment platform for simulation analysis and algorithm experiments. The experimental results show that the method can achieve accurate fault detection in different operating states of microgrid, regardless of fault resistance and fault points, even maintain well accuracy in complex situations such as multiple disturbances and high impedance faults.
A Noise Rate Estimation Method for Image Classification with Label Noise
Authors: Chen Ziyun , Song Aibo , Wang Yudong , Huang Xinjian , Kong Yanru
Published: March 2023

In a dataset, the misidentified labels can be assumed as the true labels flipped with a probability. In this paper, we study a general situation in which sample labels are corrupted at random. We propose a noise rate estimation method and prove that by adopting importance reweighting, the accuracy of classification with label noise problem can rise approximately 10% through any surrogate loss function. The two classification methods we choose for robustness analysis are convolutional neural network and convolutional neural network with importance reweighting. The details of these two methods are fully illustrated in this paper. We discuss the label noise problems and solutions in the introduction part and explain how the importance reweighting method and the noise rate estimation method are combined to deal with this problem. Experiments on Fashion-MNIST0.5, Fashion-MNIST0.6, and CIFAR with noise verify our approach. In the end, we also provide the transition matrix of the flip rate for each dataset.
Design of Freight Transport Robot Based on roboRio Controller
Authors: Zuo Wenyan , Shi Qin
Published: March 2023

In order to reduce the labor intensity of the porters and improve the work efficiency, a freight robot with the functions of carrying goods steadily, climbing slopes, climbing stairs, and loading and unloading objects of different sizes and shapes is designed. The robot is composed of four parts: walking mechanism, climbing mechanism, gripper mechanism and lifting mechanism. On the basis of structural design, each mechanism of the freight robot is processed and assembled, the line is built, the program is debugged, the intelligent APP is made, and the prototype is completed. Through experimental testing, good results have been achieved.
A decentralized approach to model national and global food and land use systems
Authors: Mosnier Aline , Javalera-Rincon Valeria , Jones Sarah K , Andrew Robbie , Bai Zhaohai , Baker Justin , Basnet Shyam , Boer Rizaldi , Chavarro John , Costa Wanderson , Daloz Anne Sophie , DeClerck Fabrice A , Diaz Maria , Douzal Clara , Howe Fan Andrew Chiah , Fetzer Ingo , Frank Federico , Gonzalez-Abraham Charlotte E , Habiburrachman A H F , Immanuel Gito , Harrison Paula A , Imanirareba Dative , Jha Chandan , Jin Xinpeng , Ghosh Ranjan Kumar , Leach Nicholas , Lehtonen Heikki , Lotze-Campen Hermann , Low Wai Sern , Marcos-Martinez Raymundo , McCord Gordon Carlos , Molla Kiflu Gedefe , Monjeau Adrian , Navarro-Garcia Javier , Neubauer Rudolf , Obersteiner Michael , Olguín Marcela , Orduña-Cabrera Fernando , Pena Andres , Pérez-Guzmán Katya , Potashnikov Vladimir , Rämö Janne , Ramos Fernando M , Rasche Livia , Gallardo René Reyes , Schmidt-Traub Guido , Selomane Odirilwe , Singh Vartika , Smith Alison , Soterroni Aline C , Sperling Frank , Steinhauser Jan , Stevanovic Miodrag , Strokov Anton , Thomson Marcus , van Oort Bob , Vittis Yiorgos , Wade Chris , Winarni Nurul L , Woldeyes Firew Bekele , Wu Grace C , Zerriffi Hisham
Published: March 2023

The achievement of several sustainable development goals and the Paris Climate Agreement depends on rapid progress towards sustainable food and land systems in all countries. We have built a flexible, collaborative modeling framework to foster the development of national pathways by local research teams and their integration up to global scale. Local researchers independently customize national models to explore mid-century pathways of the food and land use system transformation in collaboration with stakeholders. An online platform connects the national models, iteratively balances global exports and imports, and aggregates results to the global level. Our results show that actions toward greater sustainability in countries could sum up to 1 Mha net forest gain per year, 950 Mha net gain in the land where natural processes predominate, and an increased CO2 sink of 3.7 GtCO2e yr−1 over the period 2020–2050 compared to current trends, while average food consumption per capita remains above the adequate food requirements in all countries. We show examples of how the global linkage impacts national results and how different assumptions in national pathways impact global results. This modeling setup acknowledges the broad heterogeneity of socio-ecological contexts and the fact that people who live in these different contexts should be empowered to design the future they want. But it also demonstrates to local decision-makers the interconnectedness of our food and land use system and the urgent need for more collaboration to converge local and global priorities.
A contactless single-step process for simultaneous nanoscale patterning and cleaning of large-area graphene
Authors: Tran Tuan T , Bruce Henrik , Pham Ngan Hoang , Primetzhofer Daniel
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The capability to structure two-dimensional materials (2DMs) at the nanoscale with customizable patterns and over large areas is critical for a number of emerging applications, from nanoelectronics to 2D photonic metasurfaces. However, current technologies, such as photo- and electron-beam lithography, often employing masking layers, can significantly contaminate the materials. Large-area chemical vapour deposition-grown graphene is known to have non-ideal properties already due to surface contamination resulting from the transferring process. Additional contamination through the lithographic process might thus reduce the performance of any device based on the structured graphene. Here, we demonstrate a contactless chemical-free approach for simultaneous patterning and cleaning of self-supporting graphene membranes in a single step. Using energetic ions passing through a suspended mask with pre-defined nanopatterns, we deterministically structure graphene with demonstrated feature size of 15 nm, approaching the performance of small-area focused ion beam techniques and extreme ultraviolet lithography. Our approach, however, requires only a broad beam, no nanoscale beam positioning and enables large area patterning of 2DMs. Simultaneously, in regions surrounding the exposed areas, contaminations commonly observed on as-grown graphene targets, are effectively removed. This cleaning mechanism is attributed to coupling of surface diffusion and sputtering effects of adsorbed surface contaminants. For applications using 2DMs, this simultaneous patterning and cleaning mechanism may become essential for preparing the nanostructured materials with improved cleanliness and hence, quality.