bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive Factors for Excellent or Extremely Poor Functional Outcome in Initial Atrial Fibrillation-Related Cardioembolic Stroke
Authors: Tanaka Koji , Yamada Takeshi , Torii Takako , Matsumoto Shoji , Yoshimura Takeo , Takase Kei-ichiro , Wakata Yoshifumi , Nakashima Naoki , Kira Jun-ichi , Murai Hiroyuki
Published: August 2016

Background: We aimed to determine the predictive factors for excellent or extremely poor functional outcome in patients with first-ever atrial fibrillation (AF)-related cardioembolic stroke. Methods: Retrospective observational study from a database. Patients with AF-related cardioembolic stroke with a premorbid modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0 or 1 and without a previous history of stroke were included. Results: Factors associated with excellent functional outcome (mRS scores of 0 or 1; n = 77; 30.4% of patients) included age >78 years (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.15-0.61), male sex (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.04-4.60), absence of hypertension (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.22-0.94) and initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of >9 (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.03-0.16). Factors associated with extremely poor functional outcome (mRS scores of 5 or 6; n = 63; 24.9%) included age >78 years (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.54-7.39), initial NIHSS score of >9 (OR 12.38, 95% CI 5.40-32.56), congestive heart failure (OR 4.82, 95% CI 2.00-12.19) and ischemic heart disease (OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.18-14.69). Conclusions: Predictive factors exist to delineate excellent and extremely poor functional outcomes after a first-time stroke associated with AF.
Quantitative Analysis of the Cervical Texture by Ultrasound and Correlation with Gestational Age
Authors: Baños Núria , Perez-Moreno Alvaro , Migliorelli Federico , Triginer Laura , Cobo Teresa , Bonet-Carne Elisenda , Gratacos Eduard , Palacio Montse
Published: August 2016

Objectives: Quantitative texture analysis has been proposed to extract robust features from the ultrasound image to detect subtle changes in the textures of the images. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of quantitative cervical texture analysis to assess cervical tissue changes throughout pregnancy. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including singleton pregnancies between 20.0 and 41.6 weeks of gestation from women who delivered at term. Cervical length was measured, and a selected region of interest in the cervix was delineated. A model to predict gestational age based on features extracted from cervical images was developed following three steps: data splitting, feature transformation, and regression model computation. Results: Seven hundred images, 30 per gestational week, were included for analysis. There was a strong correlation between the gestational age at which the images were obtained and the estimated gestational age by quantitative analysis of the cervical texture (R = 0.88). Discussion: This study provides evidence that quantitative analysis of cervical texture can extract features from cervical ultrasound images which correlate with gestational age. Further research is needed to evaluate its applicability as a biomarker of the risk of spontaneous preterm birth, as well as its role in cervical assessment in other clinical situations in which cervical evaluation might be relevant.
A performance da diversidade: o xamanismo como modo performático
Authors: Langdon Esther Jean
Published: August 2016

Entendendo o xamanismo como um modo performático, este texto explora o seu papel entre os índios Siona da Colômbia como expressão de especificidade cultural perante a violência colonial e pós-colonial. A história oral reconta como o papel xamânico transformou-se no papel do poderoso cacique curaca, em resposta adaptativa às atividades missionárias. Após a quase extinção dos xamãs praticantes no século XX, suas performances surgiram nas duas últimas décadas como uma estratégia-chave na fomentação das especificidades étnicas e nas lutas contemporâneas pelos direitos indígenas. Tanto a constituição colombiana de 1991 quanto as redes urbanas neoxamânicas associam o xamanismo à preservação ecológica, à medicina tradicional, à identidade étnica e ao bem-estar da comunidade. Em Putumayo, região caracterizada como “zona de guerra”, as performances xamânicas são uma estratégia fundamental no campo complexo das negociações entre comunidades indígenas, organizações governamentais e não governamentais, indústrias extrativas e diversos grupos armados.Tradução: Elisa Nazarian
Incidence, Treatment Intensity, and Incremental Annual Expenditures for Patients Experiencing a Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection
Authors: Sohail M. Rizwan , Eby Elizabeth L. , Ryan Michael P. , Gunnarsson Candace , Wright Laura A. , Greenspon Arnold J.
Published: August 2016

Background—

Because of the increasing use of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), it is important to estimate the incidence and annual healthcare expenditures associated with CIED infections.

Methods and Results—

Patients with a record of an initial or replacement (full implant or generator only) CIED implant during the calendar years 2009 to 2012 in MarketScan Commercial Claims and Medicare Supplemental database were identified. CIED infections were classified into 4 categories: (1) infection not managed by inpatient admission nor implant removal, (2) infection managed by inpatient admission but no implant removal, (3) infection managed by an implant removal either in an inpatient or in an outpatient setting, and (4) infection with severe sepsis and managed in an inpatient setting with implant removal. Using separate models for initial and replacement cohorts, annualized incidence of infection and incremental annual expenditures by treatment intensity were estimated. Cumulative incidence of infection at 1 year post implant was 1.18% for initial CIED implants and 2.37% for replacement. Median time to infection was 35 days for initial and 23 days for replacement. Incremental healthcare expenditures by treatment intensity categories for initial implant patients at 1 year were $16 651, $104 077, $45 291, and $279 744. For replacement patients, incremental expenditures at 1 year by treatment intensity categories were $26 857, $43 541, $48 759, and $362 606.

Conclusions—

The management of CIED infections results in a substantial healthcare burden with a significant increase in annual expenditures the year after implant when device infection occurs.
Hypochloremia, Diuretic Resistance, and Outcome in Patients With Acute Heart Failure
Authors: ter Maaten Jozine M. , Damman Kevin , Hanberg Jennifer S. , Givertz Michael M. , Metra Marco , O’Connor Christopher M. , Teerlink John R. , Ponikowski Piotr , Cotter Gad , Davison Beth , Cleland John G. , Bloomfield Daniel M. , Hillege Hans L. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Voors Adriaan A. , Testani Jeffrey M.
Published: August 2016

Background—

Chloride plays a role in renal salt sensing, neurohormonal activation, and regulation of diuretic targets, and hypochloremia predicts mortality in acute heart failure (AHF). AHF therapies, such as diuretics, alter chloride homeostasis. We studied the association between (changes in) chloride levels and diuretic responsiveness, decongestion, and mortality in patients with AHF.

Methods and Results—

Patients hospitalized for AHF in the PROTECT trial (n=2033) with serum chloride levels within 24 hours of admission and 14 days later were studied (n=1960). Hypochloremia was defined as serum chloride <96 mEq/L. Mean baseline chloride was 100.8±5.0 mEq/L. Low baseline chloride was associated with high bicarbonate, poor diuretic response, less hemoconcentration, and worsening heart failure (all
P
<0.01). Newly developed hypochloremia at day 14 was common and associated with a decline in renal function and an increase in blood urea nitrogen (
P
<0.01). In multivariable analyses, chloride measured at day 14, but not baseline chloride, was strongly and independently associated with mortality through 180 days (hazard ratio per unit decrease: 1.07 [1.03–1.10];
P
<0.001). In comparison, sodium was not significantly associated with mortality after multivariable adjustment at any time point. Hypochloremia at baseline that resolved was not associated with mortality (
P
=0.55), but new or persistent hypochloremia at day 14 was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio: 3.11 [2.17–4.46];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—

Low serum chloride at AHF hospital admission was strongly associated with impaired decongestion. New or persistent hypochloremia 14 days later was independently associated with reduced survival, whereas hypochloremia that resolved by day 14 was not.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00354458.
Hypochloremia and Diuretic Resistance in Heart Failure
Authors: Hanberg Jennifer S. , Rao Veena , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Laur Olga , Brisco Meredith A. , Perry Wilson F. , Grodin Justin L. , Assefa Mahlet , Samuel Broughton J. , Planavsky Noah J. , Ahmad Tariq , Bellumkonda Lavanya , Wilson Tang W. H. , Parikh Chirag R. , Testani Jeffrey M.
Published: August 2016

Background—

Recent epidemiological studies have implicated chloride, rather than sodium, as the driver of poor survival previously attributed to hyponatremia in heart failure. Accumulating basic science evidence has identified chloride as a critical factor in renal salt sensing. Our goal was to probe the physiology bridging this basic and epidemiological literature.

Methods and Results—

Two heart failure cohorts were included: (1) observational: patients receiving loop diuretics at the Yale Transitional Care Center (N=162) and (2) interventional pilot: stable outpatients receiving ≥80 mg furosemide equivalents were studied before and after 3 days of 115 mmol/d supplemental lysine chloride (N=10). At the Yale Transitional Care Center, 31.5% of patients had hypochloremia (chloride ≤96 mmol/L). Plasma renin concentration correlated with serum chloride (
r
=−0.46;
P
<0.001) with no incremental contribution from serum sodium (
P
=0.49). Hypochloremic versus nonhypochloremic patients exhibited renal wasting of chloride (
P
=0.04) and of chloride relative to sodium (
P
=0.01), despite better renal free water excretion (urine osmolality 343±101 mOsm/kg versus 475±136;
P
<0.001). Hypochloremia was associated with poor diuretic response (odds ratio, 7.3; 95% confidence interval, 3.3–16.1;
P
<0.001). In the interventional pilot, lysine chloride supplementation was associated with an increase in serum chloride levels of 2.2±2.3 mmol/L, and the majority of participants experienced findings such as hemoconcentration, weight loss, reduction in amino terminal, pro B-type natriuretic peptide, increased plasma renin activity, and increased blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio.

Conclusions—

Hypochloremia is associated with neurohormonal activation and diuretic resistance with chloride depletion as a candidate mechanism. Sodium-free chloride supplementation was associated with increases in serum chloride and changes in several cardiorenal parameters.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02031354.
Resolvin D2 Enhances Postischemic Revascularization While Resolving Inflammation
Authors: Zhang Michael J. , Sansbury Brian E. , Hellmann Jason , Baker James F. , Guo Luping , Parmer Caitlin M. , Prenner Joshua C. , Conklin Daniel J. , Bhatnagar Aruni , Creager Mark A. , Spite Matthew
Published: August 2016

Background:

Resolvins are lipid mediators generated by leukocytes during the resolution phase of inflammation. They have been shown to regulate the transition from inflammation to tissue repair; however, it is unknown whether resolvins play a role in tissue revascularization following ischemia.

Methods:

We used a murine model of hind limb ischemia (HLI), coupled with laser Doppler perfusion imaging, microcomputed tomography, and targeted mass spectrometry, to assess the role of resolvins in revascularization and inflammation resolution.

Results:

In mice undergoing HLI, we identified resolvin D2 (RvD2) in bone marrow and skeletal muscle by mass spectrometry (n=4–7 per group). We also identified RvD2 in skeletal muscle biopsies from humans with peripheral artery disease. Monocytes were recruited to skeletal muscle during HLI and isolated monocytes produced RvD2 in a lipoxygenase-dependent manner. Exogenous RvD2 enhanced perfusion recovery in HLI and microcomputed tomography of limb vasculature revealed greater volume, with evidence of tortuous arterioles indicative of arteriogenesis (n=6–8 per group). Unlike other treatment strategies for therapeutic revascularization that exacerbate inflammation, RvD2 did not increase vascular permeability, but reduced neutrophil accumulation and the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. In mice treated with RvD2, histopathologic analysis of skeletal muscle of ischemic limbs showed more regenerating myocytes with centrally located nuclei. RvD2 enhanced endothelial cell migration in a Rac-dependent manner, via its receptor, GPR18, and
Gpr18
-deficient mice had an endogenous defect in perfusion recovery following HLI. Importantly, RvD2 rescued defective revascularization in diabetic mice.

ConclusionS:

RvD2 stimulates arteriogenic revascularization during HLI, suggesting that resolvins may be a novel class of mediators that both resolve inflammation and promote arteriogenesis.
Predictors and Prognostic Significance of Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sabe Marwa A. , Sabe Sharif A. , Kusunose Kenya , Flamm Scott D. , Griffin Brian P. , Kwon Deborah H.
Published: August 2016

Background:

Decreased right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (RVEF) portends poor prognosis in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, and previous studies have suggested an association between mitral regurgitation (MR) and RVEF. We sought to evaluate this association and whether mitral valve repair or replacement affects the relationship between RV function and mortality.

Methods:

We included 588 patients (mean age, 63±11 years; 75% male) with ischemic cardiomyopathy who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging between 2002 and 2008. Baseline characteristics, left ventricular ejection fraction, MR severity, treatment modality, scar burden, and RVEF were assessed. Multivariable linear regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between MR and RVEF and between RVEF and mortality, respectively.

Results:

After adjustment for age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction, right bundle-branch block, and RV scar, MR severity was found to be associated independently with RVEF. There were a total of 240 deaths during a median follow-up time of 5.7 years. After multivariable adjustment, every 10% decrease in RVEF was associated with a 17% increased risk of death (
P
=0.008). Although decreasing RVEF was associated with a poor prognosis in the nonrepair group (hazard ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.47;
P
<0.001), it was not associated with death in the mitral valve repair or replacement group (
P
for interaction=0.046).

ConclusionS:

MR severity was found to be an independent predictor of RVEF, as were right bundle-branch block, left ventricular ejection fraction, and the presence of RV scar. Decreasing RVEF is associated with increased mortality in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy; however, this association may be mitigated in patients who undergo mitral valve repair or replacement.
Contributions to the botanical journal Sunyatsenia from 1930 to 1948
Authors: ZHAO WAN-YI , XU KE-WANG , FAN QIANG , LIAO WEN-BO
Published: August 2016

The botanical journal Sunyatsenia was founded by Professor Chun Woon-Young in 1930 and named in honor of Sun Yat-sen. Sunyatsenia was one of the earliest English taxonomic journals in China; it was also a truly international journal focusing on plant taxonomy, systematics and floristic phyto-geography. A great number of research papers were published in Sunyatsenia between 1930 and 1948, and the journal was praised as one of the most important botanical publications in eastern Asia. To provide botanists with a clearer understanding of the importance of Sunyatsenia, we reviewed all papers published during its 18 year lifespan. The primary findings were manifold. First, we summarize the content of the journal. Forty one researchers published 94 articles in Sunyatsenia. Fifteen new genera, 389 new species and 44 new varieties were described in Sunyatsenia. The published papers reflect the progress of research in southern China, especially Hainan Island and Southeast Asia, during the formative years of Chinese systematic botanical studies. Sunyatsenia also included a number of pioneering research papers that promoted the study of plant systematics, floristic geography, ecology and research on China’s plant resources. During its tenure, Sunyatsenia was exchanged for taxonomic literature from institutions worldwide, thereby promoting communication among botanists and helping to enhance the library of Sun Yat-sen University. Today, 199 species (included 3 varieties) of above 433 taxa still are accepted by Flora of China, and 222 species (included 38 varieties) are considered as synonyms, and other 12 species (included 3 varieties) still are considered as suspicious taxa.
Isoëtes vanensis (Isoëtaceae) sp. nov. from Turkey

Authors: ZARE GOLSHAN , KESKİN MUSTAFA , DOĞRU-KOCA ASLI , ARMAĞAN METİN
Published: August 2016

A previously undescribed species, Isoëtes vanensis, is described and illustrated. Isoëtes vanensis is distinguished from allied species by its papery scales and small megaspores bearing a low tuberculate texture and a fimbriate-ecuelate micro-ornamentation. A table of comparative diagnostic characters and character states for I. vanensis and allied taxa, a geographic distribution map, and SEM images of megaspores and microspores showing ornamentation patterns are included.
Revision of the stag beetle genus Ryssonotus MacLeay (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), with descriptions of a new genus and three new species
Authors: REID C. A. M. , BEATSON M.
Published: August 2016

The Australian lucanid genus Ryssonotus MacLeay, 1819 is redefined and reduced to one species: R. nebulosus (Kirby, 1819). The supposed senior synonym of this species, Lucanus foveolatus Thunberg, 1806 is a junior synonym of the North American species Lucanus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1763) (new synonym). Safrina new genus, is described for the remaining species formerly in Ryssonotus and three new species: S. dekeyzeri new species, S. grandis (Lea, 1915) new combination, S. jaedoni new species, S. jugularis (Westwood, 1863) new combination, S. laticeps (Macleay, 1885) new combination, S. moorei new species, S. parallela (Deyrolle, 1881) new combination, and S. polita (Carter, 1921) new combination. Safrina grandis is a senior synonym of S. costata (Carter, 1929) new synonym. The type species of Safrina is Rhyssonotus laticeps Macleay, 1885. All species of Safrina are described and a key is provided to the adults of Ryssonotus and Safrina. The species are confined to the ranges of eastern mainland Australia. Diagnostic descriptions of the larvae of Ryssonotus and Safrina are provided. Safrina and Ryssonotus are placed in the tribe Chiasognathini and their systematic position is discussed.
Re-description of Orchestia stephenseni Cecchini, 1928: designation of neotype and senior synonym to Orchestia constricta A. Costa, 1853 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) by Reversal of Precedence
Authors: IACIOFANO DAVIDE , BRUTTO SABRINA LO
Published: August 2016

The beach flea Orchestia stephenseni was originally described by Cecchini (1928), and successively by Karaman (1973). The description of this species will be herein revised by focusing on the variation of the gnathopod 2 in males, as detected during its growth period. An analysis of DNA Barcoding was performed to support the assignment of the taxonomic species to five morphotypes. As the type specimen has not yet been designated, a neotype is assigned. The name of the species is here presented as a valid name as it satisfies the requirements of a Reversal of the Principle of Priority: Orchestia stephenseni takes precedence over the objective synonym Orchestia constricta A. Costa, 1853, in accordance with Article 23.9.2. of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Orchestia stephenseni Cecchini, 1928 becomes nomen protectum, and Orchestia constricta nomen oblitum. The results presented in this paper also support the status of Orchestia stephenseni as a Mediterranean endemic species, thereby rejecting previous Atlantic records. The synonymies for O. stephenseni are revised accordingly.
Two new species of the rare genus Nygolaimoides Meyl in Andrássy, 1960 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Thorniidae) from Iran, with a compendium of its species
Authors: ASL EBRAHIM ZAHEDI , NIKNAM GHOLAMREZA , JABBARI HABIBEH , PENA-SANTIAGO REYES
Published: August 2016

Two new Nygolaimoides species are described and illustrated from soil and stumps of an old nursery of Populus alba, Miandoab County, West Azarbaijan province, Iran. Nygolaimoides zarrinensis sp. n. is characterized by its 0.73–0.94 mm long body, lip region 9.5–10.5 µm broad, odontostyle 9.5–11.0 µm long, neck length 162–194 µm long, pharyngeal expansion 78–83 µm long, V = 46–50, female tail short and rounded conoid (11–15 µm, c = 63–84, c’ = 0.7–0.9), male tail rounded conoid (14–18 µm, c = 43–55, c’ = 0.9–1.1), spicules 21–25 µm long and with irregular head, and two ventromedian supplements bearing hiatus. Nygolaimoides albus sp. n. is distinguished by its 0.64–0.95 mm long body, lip region 8–10 µm broad, odontostyle 9.5–11.0 µm long, neck length 164–200 µm long, pharyngeal expansion 66–72 µm long, V = 43–51, female tail hemispheroid (4.0–5.5 µm, c = 120–233, c’ = 0.4–0.7), male tail conoid (9.0–12.0 µm, c = 58–78, c’ = 0.7–1.0), spicules 13–17 µm long, and two ventromedian supplements bearing hiatus. SEM observations have been made for the first time for representatives of this genus. The taxonomy of the genus is updated with a list of its species, a key to their identification and a table-compendium of relevant morphometrics.
A new species of the genus Anthalona Van Damme, Sinev & Dumont, 2011 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from North-East Thailand
Authors: TIANG-NGA SUPATRA , SINEV ARTEM Y. , SANOAMUANG LA-ORSRI
Published: August 2016

A new species of Cladocera, Anthalona spinifera sp. nov., is described from North-East Thailand. A. spinifera differs from most species of the genus in the setae of the inner distal lobe on limb I armed by long thin spines and in limb II having very short scraping spines 6–8, a character that is shared only with the South American Anthalona brandorffi (Sinev & Hollwedel, 2002). A. brandorffi differs from A. spinifera sp. nov. in the shape of postabdomen, in much longer posterior setae of valves, in posteroventral angle of valves armed with about 25 setules only, and in shortened setae of endite 2 of limb I. These two species form a separate advanced clade within Anthalona with Amphi-Pacific distribution.
Application of the NMME in the Development of a New Regional Seasonal Climate Forecast Tool
Authors: Bolinger Rebecca A. , Gronewold Andrew D. , Kompoltowicz Keith , Fry Lauren M.
Published: August 2016

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Climate Prediction Center (CPC) provides access to a suite of real-time monthly climate forecasts that compose the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) in an attempt to meet the increasing demands for monthly to seasonal climate prediction. While the North American and global map-based forecasts provided by CPC are informative on a broad or continental scale, operational and decision-making institutions need products with a much more specific regional focus. To address this need, we developed a Region-Specific Seasonal Climate Forecast (RSCF–NMME) tool by combining NMME forecasts with regional climatological data. The RSCF–NMME automatically downloads and archives data and is displayed via a dynamic web-based graphical user interface. The tool has been applied to the Great Lakes region and utilized as part of operational water-level forecasting procedures by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District (USACE-Detroit). Evaluation of the tool, compared with seasonal climate forecasts released by CPC, shows that the tool can provide additional useful information to users and overcomes some of the limitations of the CPC forecasts. The RSCF–NMME delivers details about a specific region’s climate, verification observations, and the ability to view different model forecasts. With its successful implementation within an operational environment, the tool has proven beneficial and thus set a precedent for expansion to other regions where there is a demand for region-specific seasonal climate forecasts.
Measurements of Rainfall Velocity and Raindrop Size Distribution Using Coherent Doppler Lidar
Authors: Aoki Makoto , Iwai Hironori , Nakagawa Katsuhiro , Ishii Shoken , Mizutani Kohei
Published: August 2016

Rainfall velocity, raindrop size distribution (DSD), and vertical wind velocity were simultaneously observed with 2.05- and 1.54-μm coherent Doppler lidars during convective and stratiform rain events. A retrieval method is based on identifying two separate spectra from the convolution of the aerosol and precipitation Doppler lidar spectra. The vertical wind velocity was retrieved from the aerosol spectrum peak and then the terminal rainfall velocity corrected by the vertical air motion from the precipitation spectrum peak was obtained. The DSD was derived from the precipitation spectrum using the relationship between the raindrop size and the terminal rainfall velocity. A comparison of the 1-min-averaged rainfall velocity from Doppler lidar measurements at a minimum range and that from a collocated ground-based optical disdrometer revealed high correlation coefficients of over 0.89 for both convective and stratiform rain events. The 1-min-averaged DSDs retrieved from the Doppler lidar spectrum using parametric and nonparametric methods are also in good agreement with those measured with the optical disdrometer with a correlation coefficient of over 0.80 for all rain events. To retrieve the DSD, the parametric method assumes a mathematical function for the DSD and the nonparametric method computes the direct deconvolution of the measured Doppler lidar spectrum without assuming a DSD function. It is confirmed that the Doppler lidar can retrieve the rainfall velocity and DSD during relatively heavy rain, whereas the ratio of valid data significantly decreases in light rain events because it is extremely difficult to separate the overlapping rain and aerosol peaks in the Doppler spectrum.
Negotiating new German identities: transcultural comedy and the construction of pluralistic unity
Authors: Zambon Kate
Published: August 2016

This article explores the potential of entertainment media as a platform for challenging monolithic conceptions of national identity. Discussions about immigration in Germany usually concentrate on what minority communities need to do in order to become integrated, but neglect to consider how normative Germans must renegotiate German identity to include immigrants and minorities. German-language television often reinforces cultural divides through underrepresentation or stereotypical misrepresentation. However, several recent productions have sought to change German television by bringing normative audiences into the liminal space of transcultural Germany. In particular, two Turkish-German family comedies broke new ground with high-quality scripted narratives, distinct from the popular skit-based ‘ethno-comedies’ that began to appear in the 1990s and are still popular today. The more capacious story-telling space of scripted series is well-suited to developing complex characters. In particular, family series are studies in the tensions surrounding difference in community, with the distinct personalities of members responding differently to the same framing conditions. This article analyzes the characters and narratives of these programs in conjunction with their circulation in the public sphere to argue that family comedies provide forums for intercultural negotiation, even as they may risk reifying the stereotypical representations they seek to undermine.
I Understand How You Feel
Authors: Strekalova Yulia A. , Krieger Janice L. , Neil Jordan , Caughlin John P. , Kleinheksel A. J. , Kotranza Aaron
Published: August 2016

Effective communication is one of the most fundamental aspects of successful patient care, and it frequently depends on the nurses’ ability to empathize with patients while finding effective ways to translate medical science into personally relevant health information. Skilled nurses are expected to understand the patient’s experiences and feelings and be able to communicate this understanding to the patient, but language strategies used to achieve the goal of empathic communication can vary. In this article, we employed the model of message design logics to evaluate what strategies nursing students ( N = 343) used to express empathy during a simulated health history training. The results of this study advance our understanding of what constitutes a high-quality response to the disclosure of personal health history facts. In addition to providing a general framework for understanding empathic responses during health history assessment, the message design logic perspective highlights the differences in linguistic choices in simulated patient–provider conversations.
Factors Associated With Gastrostomy Tube Removal in Patients With Dysphagia After Stroke
Authors: Wilmskoetter Janina , Herbert Teri Lynn , Bonilha Heather S.
Published: August 2016

Gastrostomy feeding tubes are commonly placed in patients with dysphagia after stroke. The subsequent removal of the tube is a primary goal during rehabilitation. The purpose of our review was to identify predictors and factors associated with gastrostomy tube removal in patients with dysphagia after stroke. We conducted a literature review following the PRISMA statement and included the search databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Articles were included in the final analysis per predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our search retrieved a total of 853 results consisting of 416 articles (after eliminating duplicates). Six articles met our final eligibility criteria. The following factors were identified in at least 1 article as being significantly associated with gastrostomy tube removal: reduced age, decreased number of comorbidities, prolonged inpatient rehabilitation stay, absence of bilateral stroke, nonhemorrhagic stroke, reduced dysphagia severity, absence of aspiration, absence of premature bolus loss, and timely initiation of pharyngeal swallow. Aspiration was the only factor that was investigated by 2 studies—both using multiple regression and both showing stable results, with absence of aspiration increasing the chances for tube removal. In conclusion, little is known about factors associated with gastrostomy tube removal in patients with dysphagia after stroke. Most of the identified factors are associated with stroke or disease severity; however, the role of the individual factors remains unclear. The strongest predictor appears to be absence of aspiration on modified barium swallow studies emphasizing the importance of instrumental swallow studies in this patient population.
When the Buffer Breaks
Authors: Pyszczynski Tom , Taylor Jerika
Published: August 2016

Anxiety buffer disruption theory posits that a systemic breakdown of the psychological system that manages anxiety plays an important role in the etiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Traumatic life events undermine the capacity of one’s cultural worldview, self-esteem, and close relationships to manage anxiety, rendering people unable to cope with the distress produced by these events and thus leading to the hyperarousal, intrusive thoughts and emotions, negative alterations in cognitions or mood, and avoidance of trauma-related stimuli that are the defining features of PTSD. Evidence linking disrupted anxiety-buffer functioning to this disorder and implications for therapy are discussed.
Rethinking Attachment Theory
Authors: Ein-Dor Tsachi , Hirschberger Gilad
Published: August 2016

Bowlby’s attachment theory has stimulated research covering a variety of topics related to individual and relational well-being, such as courtship, mate selection, motivations, emotional responses, cognitions, dreams, values, and psychopathology. This research has contributed greatly to the understanding of individual differences in mental health but at the same time has gradually lost touch with the original evolutionary essence of attachment theory. In this article, we revisit Bowlby’s original conceptualization and argue that although attachment styles relate to many different aspects of people’s lives, their primary function is to promote survival. Accordingly, we present social-defense theory and illustrate how different attachment orientations work in synergy to promote group survival, such that a social group comprising members with different attachment patterns has clear adaptive advantages over a homogeneous group of securely attached individuals. We therefore challenge the axiomatic view of insecure attachment as a psychological liability, contending that each attachment disposition has specific adaptive advantages. In making this argument, we extend the scope of attachment theory and research by considering a broader range of adaptive functions of insecure attachment strategies, and present data to support our argument.
Ecology, Fitness, Evolution
Authors: Smith J. David , Zakrzewski Alexandria C. , Johnson Jennifer M. , Valleau Jeanette C.
Published: August 2016

Categorization’s great debate has weighed single-system exemplar theory against the possibility of alternative processing systems. We take an evolutionary and fitness perspective toward this debate to illuminate it in a new way. There are continuities in category processes—extending across millions of years in vertebrate evolution—that have profound theoretical implications. Thus, animals are crucial behavioral ambassadors to this area. They reveal the roots of human categorization, the basic assumptions of vertebrates entering category tasks, and the surprising weakness of exemplar memory as a category-learning strategy. These results have joined neuroscience results to prompt important changes in categorization theory. Categorization’s great debate is ending. Broad-based converging evidence now makes it clear that the unitary exemplar view is insufficient. Categorization is served by multiple systems of process and representation.
The Benefits of Reminiscing With Young Children
Authors: Salmon Karen , Reese Elaine
Published: August 2016

Parents talk about the past with their young children from the time their children can talk. There is robust evidence that when parents discuss the past in a detailed, emotional, and collaborative way (elaborative reminiscing), their children have stronger autobiographical memory skills. We review recent research showing that elaborative reminiscing also has significant benefits for children’s language and socioemotional skills. Importantly, these findings show that elaborative reminiscing is effective with children at risk of compromised development in the context of poverty, maltreatment, or psychopathology. Elaborative reminiscing appears to foster development by providing children with practice using challenging language, encouraging them to put their experiences into words, and optimizing memory for the information gained during conversations. Although further research in diverse cultures is required, reminiscing is a promising tool—available to all families—for promoting children’s cognitive and socioemotional development.
Beyond Cumulative Risk
Authors: McLaughlin Katie A. , Sheridan Margaret A.
Published: August 2016

Children who have experienced environmental adversity—such as abuse, neglect, or poverty—are more likely to develop physical and mental health problems, perform poorly at school, and have difficulties in social relationships than children who have not encountered adversity. What is less clear is how and why adverse early experiences exert such a profound influence on children’s development. Identifying developmental processes that are disrupted by adverse early environments is the key to developing better intervention strategies for children who have experienced adversity. Yet much existing research relies on a cumulative-risk approach that is unlikely to reveal these mechanisms. This approach tallies the number of distinct adversities experienced to create a risk score. This risk score fails to distinguish between distinct types of environmental experiences, implicitly assuming that very different experiences influence development through the same underlying mechanisms. We advance an alternative model. This novel approach conceptualizes adversity along distinct dimensions, emphasizes the central role of learning mechanisms, and distinguishes between different forms of adversity that might influence learning in distinct ways. A key advantage of this approach is that learning mechanisms provide clear targets for interventions aimed at preventing negative developmental outcomes in children who have experienced adversity.
Looking but Not Seeing
Authors: Crutch Sebastian J. , Yong Keir X. X. , Shakespeare Timothy J.
Published: August 2016

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is the canonical “visual dementia,” with affected individuals experiencing a progressive disintegration of their visual world owing to dysfunction and atrophy at the back of the brain. The syndrome, which also affects literacy, numeracy, and gesture, is typically caused by Alzheimer’s disease, but is distinguished from more common amnestic presentations by virtue of relatively preserved episodic memory and insight. Although problems with object and space perception are the most widely reported and investigated symptoms, these higher-order perceptual difficulties are often underpinned by an array of changes in more basic visual and oculomotor processes. Here we review recent studies providing insights into these more elementary aspects of vision in PCA, including fixation stability, saccade generation, point localization, excessive crowding, and factors affecting the effective field of vision. We argue that a more detailed appreciation of these fundamental changes in the early visual system not only will improve the characterization and understanding of this rare clinico-radiological syndrome but will also guide the design of visual aids and strategies aimed at maintaining everyday abilities in individuals with PCA.
Assessing Context-Specific Attributions During Couples’ Conflict Interactions
Authors: Backer-Fulghum Lindsey M. , Anders Cecily , Sanford Keith
Published: August 2016

Two studies were conducted to develop and validate a six-item scale for measuring context-specific attributions regarding the extent to which people either blame or exonerate partners during couples’ conflicts. Context-specific attributions pertain to appraisals made during a single episode of relationship conflict, and the scale was expected to be distinct from existing attribution scales measuring people’s schemas regarding the types of attributions they typically make. Study 1 included 2,452 people in marriage or cohabitating relationships; Study 2 included 172 people in dating relationships, and participants in both studies completed Internet questionnaires. Item response theory was used to create an attribution scale using the fewest number of items to discriminate reliably across the full range of attribution levels. The resulting scale produced an expected pattern of convergent and divergent correlations with other context-specific measures, including two types of underlying concerns and three types of emotion. The context-specific attribution scale explained variance in these criterion variables that could not be explained by other existing scales that assess attributions at the schematic level.
Social survey reportage: Context, narrative, and information visualization in early 20th century American journalism
Authors: Anderson C.W.
Published: August 2016

This article takes a historical approach to the analysis of changes in the gathering and display of documents and data by journalists. It stands as an attempt to tease out the underlying epistemological changes implied by these transformations. The transition from the 19th to the 20th century would see the rise of the so-called survey movement, itself tied to the emergence of the progressive movement and concomitant with the growth of new techniques for collecting and visualizing social data. Alongside the emergence of the social survey, and oddly related to it in a number of intriguing ways, this time period would also see the invention of public relations as a technique of press management. To this end, this article chronicles the social movement known as the ‘Men and Religion Forward Movement’, discussing its pioneering combination of data collection, information display, and aggressive publicity strategies in service of the cause of social reform. The article examines the materiality of the Men and Religion Forward Movement’s information collection procedures, its charts, graphs, and other display devices, and the processes by which these ‘representations of the collective’ did or did not manifest themselves in newspaper coverage of the movement.
Improving Energy-Efficiency of WSNs through LEFCA
Authors: Cengiz Korhan , Dag Tamer
Published: August 2016

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become an important part of our lives as they can be used in vast application areas from disaster relief to health care. As a consequence, the life span and the energy consumption of a WSN have become a challenging research area. According to the existing studies, instead of using direct transmission or multihop routing, clustering can significantly reduce the energy consumption of sensor nodes and can prolong the lifetime of a WSN. In this paper, we propose a low energy fixed clustering algorithm (LEFCA) for WSNs. With LEFCA, the clusters are constructed during the set-up phase. A sensor node which becomes a member of a cluster stays in the same cluster throughout the life span of the network. LEFCA not only improves the lifetime of the network but also decreases the energy dissipation significantly.
Data Inconsistency Evaluation for Cyberphysical System
Authors: Wang Hao , Li Jianzhong , Gao Hong
Published: August 2016

Cyberphysical systems (CPSs) have been widely applied in a variety of applications to collect data, while data is often dirty in reality. We pay attention to the way of evaluating data inconsistency which is a major concern for evaluating quality of data and its source. This paper is the first study on data inconsistency evaluation problem for CPS based on conditional functional dependencies. Given a database instance D including n tuples and a CFD set [Formula: see text] including r CFDs, data inconsistency is defined as the ratio of the size of minimum culprit in D, where a culprit is a set of tuples leading to integrity errors. Firstly, we give a sufficient analysis on the complexity and inapproximability of minimum culprit problem. Then, we provide a practical algorithm that gives a 2-approximation of the data dirtiness in [Formula: see text] time based on independent residual subgraph. To deal with the large dynamic data, we provide a compact structure based on B-tree for storing independent residual subgraph in order to update inconsistency efficiently. At last, we test our algorithm on both synthetic and real-life datasets; the experiment results show the scalability of our algorithm and the quality of the evaluation result.
Research of the effectual action unit–based inverse method for solving the functional structure of design history
Authors: Jiang Shaofei , Li Jiquan
Published: August 2016

The functional structure information of a design history is analyzed to capture product design intent information, which is significantly important for the rapid and efficient solving of local demand-varying designs. Based on the intent capture and reuse issues of the design histories of existing products, this study proposes the use of the effectual action unit–based inverse method to solve the functional structure of design history. Effects are regarded as an intermediary between functional requirements and principle solutions of design history. After the effectual action unit model is built, function unit synthesis could be constructed by effect function between the input and output parameters. The functional structure frame of design history is obtained by constructing the design history structure–principle–effect–function inverse solving model. The prototype system of the inverse solving of the functional structure of the complex electromechanical product-oriented design history is developed in this study. Moreover, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified using a new laptop as an example. Overall, design intent of design history can be described by the proposed method.
Clinical significance of T cell metabolic reprogramming in cancer
Authors: Herbel Christoph , Patsoukis Nikolaos , Bardhan Kankana , Seth Pankaj , Weaver Jessica D. , Boussiotis Vassiliki A.
Published: August 2016

Conversion of normal cells to cancer is accompanied with changes in their metabolism. During this conversion, cell metabolism undergoes a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, also known as Warburg effect, which is a hallmark for cancer cell metabolism. In cancer cells, glycolysis functions in parallel with the TCA cycle and other metabolic pathways to enhance biosynthetic processes and thus support proliferation and growth. Similar metabolic features are observed in T cells during activation but, in contrast to cancer, metabolic transitions in T cells are part of a physiological process. Currently, there is intense interest in understanding the cause and effect relationship between metabolic reprogramming and T cell differentiation. After the recent success of cancer immunotherapy, the crosstalk between immune system and cancer has come to the forefront of clinical and basic research. One of the key goals is to delineate how metabolic alterations of cancer influence metabolism‐regulated function and differentiation of tumor resident T cells and how such effects might be altered by immunotherapy. Here, we review the unique metabolic features of cancer, the implications of cancer metabolism on T cell metabolic reprogramming during antigen encounters, and the translational prospective of harnessing metabolism in cancer and T cells for cancer therapy.