bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A magyar királyi Honvéd Ludovika Akadémia vezetői, 1872–1918 (1.)
Authors: Balla Tibor
Published: May 2022

Az önálló honvédtisztképzés 1872-ben indult meg a magyar királyi Honvéd Ludovika Akadémián, amely közel fél évszázados fennállása folyamán, 1918-ig több ezer honvédtisztet képzett a Magyar Királyságnak. Az itt folyó oktató- és nevelői munka minősége jelentős mértékben függött az intézmény mindenkori vezetőjének személyétől. A felállítástól az első világégés végéig tartó időszakban a Ludovika Akadémiának 14 vezetője (kezdetben igazgatója, majd 1890-től parancsnoka) volt, akiknek katonai pályafutása kevésbé ismert. A tanulmányból kiderül, hogy kik is voltak, s milyen tiszti pályát futottak be. Az első rész történelmi-statisztikai és szociológiai módszerek segítségével bemutatja és elemzi személyes adataikat, a másodikban pedig életútjukat ismerhetjük meg.
Az afganisztáni felkelésellenes műveletek tanulságai
Authors: Somodi Zoltán
Published: May 2022

A szerző megítélése szerint a NATO húszesztendős afganisztáni hadjárata kudarccal végződött, ami láthatóan meglepetésként érte a részt vevő államok politikai vezetését és a világ közvéleményét egyaránt. Ennek okait harcászati, hadműveleti, stratégiai és politikai szinten is lehet és szükséges kutatni, elemezni. A szerző szerint jelen helyzetben az egyetlen hasznos dolog, amit tehetünk, az a helyes következtetések levonása, és egy tanulási folyamat végigvitele. Úgy véli, el kell szakadni a felkelésellenes műveletek általunk alkalmazott, sokadjára kudarcos végkifejletet produkáló stratégiájától, és elérhető, racionális célok kitűzésével új irányokat kell szabni a nyugati világ biztonságának garantálásához.
T1 Weighted MR Brain Image Segmentation with Triangular Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set
Authors:   Department of Computer Science & Systems Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India., Koduru* Gagan Kumar , Nageswararao Kuda ,   Department of Computer Science & Systems Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India., Namburu Anupama ,   Department of CSE, Vellore Institute of Technology, Amaravati, India.
Published: May 2022

Segmentation of medical image is a very important step in processing of image to help examination of diseases. The early detection of ailments from the normal diseases is essential for the physicist to stop and provide treatment. Increasing Cerebrospinal fluid in brain causes dementia which is an increasing mostly prevalent now days. Segmentation of brain images is a challenge due to the existence of noise and intensity in-homogeneity that creates hesitation in segmenting the tissues. This paper is about a fresh segmentation method that uses triangular membership function to distinguish the early regions of brain tissue with intuitionistic fuzzy set. The triangular membership function helps in identifying the initial clusters and regions and facilitates in the decline of the number of iterations needed for segmentation. The proposed method successfully determines the brain tissues avoiding local minima and need of initial clusters. Hence, outperforms the existing method with increased accuracy and reduced computation time
Directions of perfection of management bank risks
Authors: Kharabara Violetta , Greshko Roman , Tretyakova Olena
Published: May 2022

A bank risk is probability of that events, expected or unexpected, can have a negative influence on a capital and receipt of bank. Reliability and efficiency of control system by bank risks depends on ability of bank in good time to react on changing in an external and internal environment. Perfection of management bank risks consists the use of aggregate of methods, receptions and measures of the risks determination of their credible sizes and consequences directed on timely prognostication, with the purpose of prevention or minimization of the losses related to them.
A RARE CASE OF SPORADIC ADRENAL ANGIOMYOLIPOMA
Authors: Vijayalakshm V , Kumar M.S.Kalyan , M Mohamed Hanif , Kannan R , Girieasen M.sabari
Published: May 2022

Angiomyolipoma is a rare mesenchymal tumour derived from
perivascular epithelial cells.They are most commonly seen in
kidneys and other sites like liver, colon amd skin. It is very
rare in adrenals. There is association with tuberous sclerosis
and it can also occur as sporadic adrenal angiomyolipoma.
They are almost always benign but a few can have malignant
potential and can recur locally. Here we are a presenting a
large ADRENAL ANGIOMYOLIPOMA probably the second
largest ever reported in literature
PROSTHETIC REHABILITATION OF THE CLASS 3 MALOCCLUSION: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Dalkiz Mehmet , Dundar Ayse Nur
Published: May 2022

Loss of posterior teeth impacts a patient’s function as well as their facial esthetics. Changes in the Occlusal Vertical
Dimension (OVD) may result in anterior crossbite or Class III malocclusion. This clinical report describes the
prosthodontic management and stabilization of a patient with reverse anterior articulation due to loss of posterior
occlusal support.The comprehensive diagnostic approach,the information gathered from the provisional phase and the
consistent sequence of clinical and laboratory stages led to a definitive treatment outcome that guaranteed the success
of the prostheses and the patient’s comfort and satisfaction.The clinical case described indicates that the prosthodontic
management of Class III malocclusion, when carefully planned, can be a safe procedure that aims to ensure the
immediate and longitudinal improvement of a patient’s function and esthetics.The treatment was based on the class III
diagnosis. Therefore, the patient was rehabilitated by occlusal adjustments and conventional teeth and tissue -
supported prostheses and without the need for invasive orthognathic surgery.
Biological activity of interferons in the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19
Authors: Ospelnikova T. P. , Levitskaya D. S. , Kolodyazhnaya L. V. , Shitova A. D. , Osiptsov V. N. , Arifullina L. R. , Kryukova N. O. , Pakhomov D. V. , Khromova E. A. , Baranova I. A. , Chuchalin A. G. , Kostinov M. P. , Svitich O. A.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. The immunopathogenesis of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 is usually associated with the development of imbalance in the immune response to its causative agent, SARS-CoV-2 virus (Coronaviridae: Coronavirinae: Betacoronavirus: Sarbecovirus). This is manifested, in particular, by interferons’ (IFNs) deficiency at the beginning of the disease followed by hyperproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The virus causes a decrease in IFN types I (α/β) and III (λ) levels; changes in IFN type II (γ) are less studied. In this regard, it is relevant to assess the functional bioactive IFN (interferon status) in COVID-19. The aim of the study was to assess the antiviral potential of the body by testing the biologically active IFNs in COVID-19.Material and methods. We used biological serum samples of COVID-19 patients taken in the acute phase (110 patients on the 1–5 days of the disease) and during rehabilitation (47 patients during 1–3 months after the disease onset). Assessment of interferon status was performed according to the technique developed by the authors and described earlier.Results. The IFN status of patients with COVID-19 in the acute period and in the phase of post-infection rehabilitation was studied during the observation period. It was found that SARS-CoV-2 causes a pronounced inhibition of biological activity of IFN types I and II compared to the reference values by more than 20 and 7 times, respectively. During the post-COVID period, incomplete recovery of the IFN system activity was registered, which proceeded very slowly. No cases of reaching physiological indicators of interferon status were identified during the observation period.Conclusion. The obtained data on deficiency of the functional biologically active IFN confirm the hypothesis about the predominant role of impaired IFN production of different types in the immunopathogenesis of the novel coronavirus infection.
MICROAGGRESSIONS TOWARD MINORITY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND THEIR MENTAL HEALTH SYMPTOMS ONE YEAR LATER
Authors: Blume Arthur W.
Published: May 2022

"Minority university students in the US often regularly face the toxic effects of racial-ethnic microaggressions that may negatively impact their mental health. Although the impact of racial-ethnic microaggressions has been frequently studied in cross-sectional studies, little is known about their potential long-term consequences to mental health among minority students in universities. To investigate these hypothesized relationships, 45 minority university students were recruited to participate in a study examining microaggressions longitudinally. It was hypothesized that racial-ethnic microaggressions would be significantly associated with anxiety and depression symptoms as reported by the students longitudinally. Participants completed the College Student Microaggressions Measure (CSMM) at baseline, and then completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at the one-year follow-up assessment. Thirty-five (77.8%) participants completed the follow-up. Multiple linear regression found support for study hypotheses. Total CSMM scores were significantly and positively associated with total BAI scores (Full Model R2 = .247, p < .01) and with total BDI scores (Full Model R2 = .244, p < .01), when controlling for gender effects. Racial-ethnic microaggressions appear to be a potential threat to the long-term health of minority students in universities. Next steps are suggested for research and campus interventions."
"ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENCES IN AGGRESSIVE POTENTIAL AND ANTISOCIAL TRAITS IN HOSPITALIZED FORENSIC PATIENTS USING PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT INVENTORY (PAI)"
Authors: Domjan Anica Prosnik
Published: May 2022

"The clinical retrospective study of 120 subjects involved in the process of assessment during psychological evaluation and hospital treatment of severe mental disorder will be presented. Violent criminal act is a direct manifestation of release of aggressive potential, but it can be triggered also by psychotic symptoms like delusions and hallucinations. A sample of 60 subjects hospitalized at the forensic unit of psychiatric department were assessed using Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and compared to 60 subjects from general psychiatric wards. Beside descriptive statistical methods univariate and multivariate analysis of variance was performed to test hypothesis of significant differences in PAI aggression scale (AGG) and antisocial clinical scale (ANT) and subscales (aggressive attitude AGG-A, verbal aggression AGG-V, physical aggression AGG-P, Egocentricity ANT-E, Antisocial Behaviors ANT-A and Stimulus Seeking ANT-S) as well as VPI index between groups. Higher scores on the ANT scale were found in the group of forensic in-patients compared to patients from general psychiatric wards and a negative correlation between age and ANT score."
THE PERCEIVED IMPACT OF SOCIETAL CODES OF SHAME ON MALTESE PSYCHOTHERAPISTS
Authors: Kissaun Greta Darmanin , Clark Marilyn
Published: May 2022

"Anthropological literature indicates that Malta, by virtue of its central position in the Mediterranean, is somewhat structured by codes of honour and shame (Bradford & Clark, 2012; Schneider, 1971; O’Reilly Mizzi, 1994). Honour refers to claimed status by an individual and necessitates that the social group affirms that claim. It holds a positive social value. Shame may be understood in either positive or negative terms. When construed in a positive sense it indicates consideration of one’s reputation and standing in the community’s eyes. On the other hand, negatively, shame refers to loss of position and consequent mortification. Shame is also construed as an emotion involving an evaluation of the self as one that is inherently imperfect. Despite the awareness of the potential negative effects of shame on the psychotherapeutic relationship (Gilbert & Procter, 2006; Rustomjee, 2009), shame in psychotherapy has been largely under-researched. The current study is based on the results of a doctoral thesis which explored how Maltese psychotherapists understand and manage feelings of shame in a particular social context. A qualitative approach was taken to explore the individual perspectives of ten Maltese psychotherapists whose years of professional experience ranged between 6 and 28. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the data gathered from the interviews was analysed by means of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Four super-ordinate themes emerged: The Therapist’s World of Shame, Beholding Patients’ Shame; A Shared Experience and The Island of Shame. Participants described themselves as having a high propensity for feelings of shame and inadequacy, and referred to their cultural context as “a breeding ground for shame”. Multiple roles in the Maltese professional arena were perceived to augment these difficulties. The findings indicate that feelings of shame and inadequacy were frequently experienced by Maltese psychotherapists in various professional contexts, including clinical supervision. They also emphasise the importance of helping psychotherapists deconstruct and normalise feelings of shame and inadequacy by linking them to social and cultural dynamics. The lived experiences of shame emanating from these contexts are examined and the perceived impact of these dominant societal codes on the therapist’s self and professional practice are considered. Implications for training and supervisory needs of trainee psychotherapists are discussed."
DANCE MOVEMENT THERAPY PROCESSES AND INTERVENTIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH ANXIETY DISORDERS DERIVED FROM TREATMENT THERAPY LOGS
Authors: Nardi Ayala Bresler , Or Michal Bat , Engelhard Einat Shuper
Published: May 2022

"Dance movement therapy (DMT) offers children a space to encounter strengths and experience a sense of vitality in order to increase their sense of confidence and self-awareness, thereby easing their anxiety and/or helping them achieve more adaptive emotion regulation. While previous studies indicate that DMT effectively reduces anxiety symptoms, such as stress, scant research focuses on the nature of the therapeutic interventions and how they assist in treating anxiety. This study examined DMT techniques and interventions through their documentation in therapy logs tracking eight long-term treatments of children aged 8–11 coping with anxiety symptoms. Four intervention axes were identified: (1) action-promoting interventions (2) separation-promoting interventions; (3) interventions for strengthening the sense of self; and (4) integration-promoting interventions. Based on the findings, a therapeutic model is proposed drawing on various “mirroring” interventions as the basis for forming the therapeutic relationship and additional therapeutic interventions involving movement. The model enables the child to explore their experience of the relationship, understand themselves in a new way, and create meaning. This manuscript is part of manuscripts submitted for publication."
SOCIO-EMOTIONAL COMPETENCES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH SCHOOL ENGAGEMENT AND FUTURE ORIENTATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Sgaramella Teresa Maria , Ferrari Lea , Bortoluzzi Margherita , Conti Grazia Barbara
Published: May 2022

"Research studies suggest the importance of some developmental assets in promoting positive youth development: studies on Social and Emotional Learning have shown the benefits of acquiring these competencies on academic performance and well-being. In addition, future orientation emerged as a dimension that impacts on nonadaptive behaviors and educational performance but also on the agency they recognize themselves over their life trajectory and goals, reach greater academic achievement. Limited evidence is available on the role of and relationships between the developmental assets mentioned in primary school children. The study aims to deepen our understanding on how do these developmental assets vary in primary school children and what are the relationships between Social Emotional Competences that primary school children recognize themselves and both school engagement and future orientation. Data collected in a psychoeducational action promoted by the PSSmile project (Social-Emotional Capacity Building in Primary Education, http://smile.emundus.lt/) were used to address these questions. A hundred and fifty four, 8 to 11 years old, primary school students participated in the study. Direct and indirect, qualitative and quantitative tools have been used to address the study issues. The analyses confirm the specific patterns that characterize the two age groups. Specific relationships and patterns of association emerge between main dimensions of Social Emotional Competences, Positive Experiences and belonging at school, and Future Orientation. The need to address these issues early in primary school and understand the variability that may lead to vulnerability in the development emerge, and, stemming also from current societal challenges and consequences of the global pandemic, to promote educational and prevention actions."
MANIPULATING EXPERIMENTALLY WITH SEXUAL DESIRE – THE IMPACT OF INNER SEXUAL FANTASIES
Authors: Aavik Toivo
Published: May 2022

"Objective. Recent models of sexual response have challenged the traditional view of spontaneity of sexual desire and argue that desire is context specific and not so obviously spontaneous. However, the Inner responsive desire has been theorized mainly with regard to women’s sexuality. Design and method. For measurement of sexual desire, I distinguished state and trait levels of desire and applied Imagined Social Situation Exercise (ISSE) measures. Results. The trait level of sex desire was significantly different for men and women and state sex desire before the experiment was equal. The sex manipulation changed sex desire level compared with the controls and it worked equally for both men and women. Conclusions. Based on my results I can conclude that state and trait desire levels are similar for men and women and applying ISSE really increases state level of sexual desire. No sex differences were found and it seems that trait and state levels of sexual desire work relatively independently from each other."
CULTURAL DIVERSITY AT WORK: CONCEPTS, PERCEIVED CONSEQUENCES AND PERSONAL RESOURCES FOR FRENCH AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYEES
Authors: Ceschiutti Alexandrine , Mokounkolo René
Published: May 2022

"Background: As a result of globalization, work environments are now characterized by cultural diversity, resulting in diversified norms and approaches to quality of life at work (QWL), for which employees and organizations are unprepared (Ellemers & Rink, 2016). Consideration of this diversity is imperative because it can lead to intercultural misunderstandings and conflicts that are likely to affect employees’ performance and level of QWL (Stahl et al., 2010). Thus, to adapt, employees and organizations need to develop intercultural skills (Nguyen et al., 2018). Objectives: This study aims at three exploratory objectives. First, we observed employees’ perceptions of cultural differences, the indicators that they see as most salient, and how they evaluate them. Second, the perceived consequences of cultural diversity at work. Finally, the personal resources that can enable employees to interact effectively in culturally diverse situations. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 French agricultural employees (10 women and 2 men, aged between 18 and 65). An interview guide was used, and the data were analysed to identify the frequency of occurrence of each theme in text segments (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Results: The results show that the participants were aware of cross-cultural differences, which they perceived through 10 principal indicators. They observed that cultural diversity at work could have both positive (e.g. cohesion) and negative (e.g. racism) personal and organizational consequences and that cultural differences affect QWL and performance. Finally, with regard to the resources required to manage cultural diversity at work. The participants observed the importance of acquiring personal resources, in line with the literature on intercultural skills like cultural intelligence (Early & Ang, 2003)."
INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTENTIONAL FILTERING AND MEMORY PERFORMANCE IN VIRTUAL REALITY ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Schmicker Marlen , Mattke Sophia , Menze Inga
Published: May 2022

"Experimental research on cognition needs more realistic paradigms to achieve ecological validity as well as to transfer and eventually generalize the results to clinical practice. Selective attention was found to be highly related to memory and training of attentional filtering enhanced memory performance. Moreover, a real memory room might provide a more interesting environment for cognitive training, even though it is very demanding for the examiner to arrange the set-up. Therefore, we developed a change detection task using a virtual reality (VR) environment and compared it with one in a real environment (RE) room. Data of healthy younger and older adults were analyzed regarding their memory and distractor inhibition performance. The results indicate that both test set-ups reveal age effects but only RE in younger adults produces a distractor effect. For younger adults, VR was found to be more challenging as compared to the real room whereas OA performed similar in VR and RE. Technical development like VR becomes more and more attractive to create interesting experimental test settings but their additional value needs to be further investigated."
IMPACT OF MUSIC THERAPY IN PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Mishra Shveata , Shastri Ina
Published: May 2022

"Music is a divine power and universal language that can be understood by non professionals also. Music is one of the most mystical powers that can affect the individual without getting noticed and can hypnotise to act accordingly or can have an amazing impact on mood, mind, personality and behaviour. This proposed research paper would reveal how listening of music can impact individual’s personality according to the inclination of music depending on gender (male/female). The result was, an eye opener to the fact that listening of music as therapy has main relation to the one’s personality and each individual ’s choice of music is the reflection of their personality unlike its dependency on gender aspect."
ART THERAPY WITH REFUGEE AND ASYLUM-SEEKING CHILDREN AND THEIR PARENTS: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS OF A THOROUGH LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Bauch Nehama Grenimann
Published: May 2022

"This paper seeks to explore the topic of art therapy interventions with refugee and asylum-seeking children and their parents, with a specific focus on how art therapists engage displaced parents in their child’s therapy process. Preliminary literature review findings, in preparation for a comprehensive scoping review, suggest that there is a research-practice gap on the topic of engaging refugee and asylum-seeking parents in their children’s art therapy processes. Flexible methods practiced in the field in the past 10 years, primarily funded and run by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), are not necessarily reflected in the few research papers published about creative arts therapies interventions for refugee and asylum-seeking children. Out of 106 publications (including grey literature such as NGO manuals and reports, book chapters, case studies, and conference papers), a significant amount refers to creative arts therapies as part of multi-level and interdisciplinary interventions developed for refugees and asylum-seekers. Among these, most publications found are manuals and reports describing case vignettes or multi-level practice guidelines, rather than peer-reviewed publications about research. These literature review findings form the first stage of a larger research project which seeks to develop evidence-based guidelines regarding parent-child art therapy among refugees and asylum-seekers, using the first two phases of the Medical Research Council’s (MRC) recommendations for complex intervention development. In doing so, the research seeks to address the global need for evidence-based, culturally humble, and resilience-focused psychosocial support interventions for displaced populations."
ALTERED STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS IN GAMBLING AND INTERNET GAMING DISORDERS AS A RISK FACTOR FOR ADDICTION
Authors: Zinchenko Tetiana , Shatochin Edward
Published: May 2022

"In GD and IGD, both at the preclinical level of problem game and at the clinical level of pathological game, altered states of consciousness are observed during the game and shortly before. In the scientific literature, they are called flow-state, dark flow, game trance, game intoxication, and so on. During these states, the person loses touch with reality, the real life situation completely detached from life's problems and concerns, and associated emotional experiences and is transformed into the space of the game. Self-identification is disrupted, as a result of which the player identifies with the game character, the avatar-hero of the game, or with the network character. In addition, the perception of time and memory of events during the game is disrupted. These states themselves become very desirable and attractive to players and contribute to the emergence of a pathological desire to constantly participate in the game in order to repeat an unusual experience. In this review of research, based on the materials of numerous researches and own clinical practice, it is demonstrated that such altered states of consciousness can contribute to the formation of addiction, lead to negative psychosocial consequences and comorbid psychopathology. It also shows how the game industry induces such states with certain psychotechnical methods. Materials from clinical and neurobiological studies were used for the analysis. Electronic literature search was conducted using PubMed, PsychINFO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and Google Scholar."
GENDER, AGE, AND CHILDREN AT HOME INFLUENCE RISKY BEHAVIOR IN ADULTS
Authors: Ray Janine M. , Kats-Kariyanakatte Polina , Moore Latrease R. , Jacquin Kristine M.
Published: May 2022

"Extant research in risk-taking and self-harm behaviors has indicated that gender, age, and certain socioeconomic factors are associated with risk-taking behaviors. Our study tested the connection between gender, age, having children at home, and risk-taking behavior among adults. We predicted that having children at home would be associated with reduced risky behavior for both women and men, but more so in women than men. More than 450 (N = 454) American adults (M age = 33.3 years, SD = 11.9) were recruited from Prolific. Participants identified as male (54.4%), female (45.4%) or transgender (0.2%). Ethnicity was self-identified as Caucasian/White (80.4%), African American/Black (7.7%), multiracial (4.4%), Latinx (4%), Asian/Asian American (3.1%), Native American or Alaskan Native (0.2%), and other (0.2%). Participants completed the Risky, Impulsive, and Self-Destructive Behavior Questionnaire (Sadeh & Baskin-Sommers, 2016) to measure engagement in various forms of risky behavior throughout their lifetime including illegal risky behavior and risky sexual behavior. Differences in illegal behavior, risky sexual behavior, and other types of risky behavior were found between men and women, F(3, 441) = 9.09, p < .0001, partial ?2 = .06, with men reporting more risky behavior of all types. ANCOVAs were used to further assess the relationships between gender identity and having children (IVs) and total risky behavior and illegal behavior (DVs); age was covaried. Significant interactions between IVs revealed that male participants with children at home engaged in significantly more risky sexual behavior, F(1, 441) = 4.24, p = .04, overall risky behavior, F(1, 441) = 3.89, p = .049, and illegal behavior, F(1, 441) = 3.59, p = .059, than those without children at home. For women, there was no relationship between having children at home and risky behavior, illegal behavior, or risky sexual behavior. The results may inform parenting education and law enforcement."
WILL THE CHOICE OF PARENTING STYLE BE AFFECTED BY PARENTS’ SELF-EFFICACY AND SELF PERCEPTION OF CONTROL
Authors: Song Yao , Chan Raymond W. M.
Published: May 2022

"Previous studies have widely explored the impacts of different parenting styles on children's developmental outcomes. Authoritative parenting is generally regarded as supportive and nurturing to children's psychological well-being. The concept of ""control"" is one of the important topics in the study of parenting. Previous studies mainly focused on the impacts of parental control over child discipline. However, the amount of research exploring the association between parental perceived controllability in their parenting practice and the choice of parenting styles is rare. The purpose of this study was to fill up this gap. A total of 157 parents participated in this survey, including 38 fathers and 119 mothers. The mean age of their children was 4.67. Three constructs were designed as independent variables to measure parental attributes on control, including parental efficacy, parental self-control, and parental perceived controllability over their children. This study was conducted within the context of the pandemic situation in which parents allowed their children and themselves to use mobile phones during the pandemic. Parental efficacy was measured by a one-item scale, as proposed by Bandura (2016), which was ""How much can you do to control the time your child spends"". The lack of parents' self-control was measured by studying how frequently they used their mobile phones with absent-mindedness. Parental perceived controllability was measured by parents' expected time consumption on a mobile phone by their child minus the exact time consumed in their mobile phone usage. The bigger the positive difference represented, the stronger parent's perceived controllability over child discipline. The result showed that the practice of the authoritative parenting style was significantly predicted by parental self-efficacy (?=0.239, p=0.003) and perceived controllability (?=0.154, p=0.050). However, the practice of authoritarian parenting style was predicted by a lack of self-control (?=0.423, p<0.001) and lack of perceived controllability (?=-0.159, p=0.030) but not parental self-efficacy (?=0.031, p=0.670). Similarly, for the practice of the permissive parenting style, it was predicted by a lack of self-control (?=0.477, p<0.001), and a lack of perceived controllability (?=-0.178, p=0.011). It implies that parents with authoritative parenting styles seem to have more internal resources for exercising appropriate parental control in child discipline than parents with authoritarian and permissive parenting styles. Perhaps, these parents may express their difficulty in exercising control in parenting in different ways. Recommendations for future parent education on learning ""parental control"" will be discussed."
STEREOTYPES TOWARD VOLUNTARILY CHILDLESS PEOPLE
Authors: Burçak Sönmez
Published: May 2022

"Research shows that people are perceived differently according to their parenting status. In particular, people who are voluntarily childless people are perceived more negatively than parents or people who are involuntarily childless people. Based on this information, the present research aims to examine how women and men who are voluntarily childless people are perceived in Turkey, a culture that cares about children. In this study, the participants (N = 35; mean age = 28.34) were asked to write down ""the adjectives that come to mind when they think of women and men who do not want to have children"". Participants were reached through an online data website http://www.surveey.com. Next, participants' responses were categorized using thematic analysis: personality traits (positive and negative), independence, and anxiety. According to the themes, men who were voluntarily childless were stereotyped more negatively than women who were voluntarily childless. Positive personality traits included realistic and hardworking (e.g., career-wise, workaholic, and hardworking) for both women and men, but women were also perceived as sociable and confident (e.g., successful, strong). Negative personal traits indicated that both groups were perceived as irresponsible and egoistic. However, men were also perceived as immature and womanizers (e.g., casanova, playboy). In addition, anxiety was a prominent theme for both groups. However, in this theme, while the emphasis was on the material things of men, the pregnancy period and body deterioration were emphasized in women."
DEVELOPMENT OF A CROSS-CULTURAL COMPETENCY SCALE BASED ON THE EXPERIENTIAL MODEL OF CROSS-CULTURAL LEARNING SKILLS
Authors: Yamazaki Yoshitaka , Toyama Michiko
Published: May 2022

"The aim of this study was to develop a cross-cultural competency scale based on perspectives from the experiential model of cross-cultural learning skills for successful adaptation of international assignees. The study involved 134 participants from 41 countries who studied at a graduate school in Japan, specializing in international relations and international management. Maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis was conducted with varimax rotation, extracting three latent components of cross-cultural competency: building relationships, translation of complex information, and conflict management. To validate those components, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with the same group of participants. Results showed acceptable levels of model fit, and the reliability of the three components ranged from 0.83 to 0.87. Accordingly, the cross-cultural competency scale developed in this study seems to be an effective measurement model to analyze cross-cultural competencies."
WHY DONATE AND FOR WHAT? THE PSEUDOINEFFICACY BIAS IN DONATING BEHAVIOR
Authors: Tommasi Francesco , Morandini Sofia , Meneghini Anna Maria , Ceschi Andrea , Sartori Riccardo , Gostimir Marija
Published: May 2022

"Charitable donations represent a possible indirect way to face the social challenge of poverty with people donating a certain amount of money independently of their social status and social roles. As such, scholarly authors devoted to the study of charity and donating behavior have proposed several models following different perspectives to explain the motivational factors and the individual conditions affecting donating behavior. In the present study, we aim at contributing to the selfish altruism model by suggesting the effect of pseudoinefficacy as possible cognitive bias which may be detrimental for deciding to donate. On the one hand, the selfish altruism model has gained notable attention as a possible explanation of the decision-making process underlying donating behavior. This model suggests that people offer aid to receive something in return or to gain a personal advantage. Such a personal benefit can be seen as the individual sense of being morally satisfied, namely, warm-glow. That is, those who donate may feel higher levels of social esteem, gratitude and respect from others which are aspects feeding their warm-glow. Individual would decide to donate by the possibility to gain moral satisfaction rather than acting for the common good. On the other hand, according to cognitive psychology, pseudoinefficacy may affect donating behaviors as an illusion of inefficacy that arises when individuals can only help some people but not others who yet are equally in need. In this sense, the phenomenon of pseudoinefficacy contributes to the selfish altruism model as an explanation of the individuals’ emotions that may reduce donors’ warm-glow. Ultimately, we propose a critical and interdisciplinary review of donating behaviors model and propose a research agenda for further investigations. Given the widespread of poverty as linked to the worldwide changes (i.e., novel pandemic of Sars-Cov-2), theoretical indications and reflections on donating behavior represent a pragmatic and moral concern whose relevance rests in the potential applied implications."
INTERGROUP ANXIETY AND NATIONAL IDENTITY AMONG SLOVAKS (PRELIMINARY FINDINGS)
Authors: Bozogáňová Miroslava , Pethö Tatiana
Published: May 2022

"Slovaks belong to nations that have long-term negative attitudes towards migrants (e.g. Bozogá?ová, Piterová, 2020). We are interested in whether national identity is related to intergroup anxiety (contact with a person of another ethnicity). Intergroup anxiety can be broadly defined as the arousal that occurs as a result of individuals’ negative expectations of rejection or discrimination during cross-group interactions or fears that the interaction partner or they themselves may behave in an incompetent or offensive manner (Stephan & Stephan, 1985, Turner, Hewstone, Voci & Vonofakou, 2008). The aim of the paper is to determine the relationship between national (Slovak) identity and intergroup anxiety and further determine whether there are differences in these constructs in the context of sex and age. The research sample consisted of 1001 respondents (49% men) aged 17 to 75 (M = 44.81; SD = 14.92). The data were collected online in the form of a panel collection in Slovakia with the ambition to obtain a representative sample of respondents (based on sex, age, region, and education). Intergroup anxiety was measured by the Stephan and Stephan (1985) scale (Cronbach ? = .866). Slovak national identity was measured by 8 items from ISP 2013 - National Identity III (Cronbach ? = .801). It was found that there is a weak positive relationship between national identities and intergroup anxiety. Multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to compare national identity and intergroup anxiety. Using Pillai’s trace, there was a significant effect of sex, age, and there was a significant effect of interaction sex x age. Results showed that older respondents (53 and above) scored higher than younger age groups in terms of national identity. Intergroup anxiety was higher in men. It appears that national identity is higher for women with increasing age, while for men its value decreases. The limit of the study is its exploratory and cross-sectional character. However, we consider it a steppingstone, when examining the mentioned constructs in the given context."
GENES AS A DEFENSE TO HOMICIDE: TRENDS IN NEUROCRIMINOLOGY
Authors: Brewer Janet
Published: May 2022

"One of the emerging areas in the field of neurocriminology is the unearthing of a possible relationship between genes and violent criminal behaviors. Several recent studies revealed strong links between genetic variation in a monoamine oxidase gene (MAOA) and aggressiveness. The gene is responsible for translating enzymes key for catabolizing amine neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline that are related to mood and behaviors. Critical changes of these genes result in Brunner syndrome characterized by lower intelligence quotient, problematic impulsive behavior, and unpredictable mood swings. Moreover, the gene has been associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders such as antisocial personality, as well as gang involvement, and a rise in weapons use. In the last two decades, a significant increase in the use of neuroscientist experts to testify in criminal proceedings has been relied upon across the United States. Based on a qualitative analysis of relevant case law, the study finds that the gene can be linked with the violent behaviors of offenders, and defense attorneys can readily get the evidence admitted at trial. However, this study shows that the behavioral genetic defense fails in two-thirds of murder cases. The extent to which genes can be blamed for antisocial behavior remains illusory. This body of court rulings suggests that the so-called “warrior gene” defense fails to exonerate an individual for homicide."
CHANGES IN THE STATE OF MEDICAL STUDENTS DURING PARTICIPATION IN A PERCEPTUAL EXPERIMENT
Authors: Grigorev Aleksey , Lyakso Elena
Published: May 2022

"The goal of this work was to study the changes in the psychological, psychophysiological, and physiological state of the subjects - medical students of junior and senior courses before and after participating in a perceptual experiment. We have developed a comprehensive methodological approach that allows us to evaluate the interaction of medical students with children with atypical development (AD). The approach includes an assessment of the psychophysiological and psychological state of the study participants, conducting a perceptual study, recording and analyzing the mimic expression and speech of the subjects. During the perceptual experiment, students are presented with test sequences containing speech signals of children with typical development (TD) and AD (Down syndrome; autism spectrum disorders) and a video test containing behavioral patterns of AD children. During the perceptual experiment, a parallel video recording of the behavior of the auditors is carried out, which makes it possible to verify their answers using the specialized software FaceReader, which determines the true emotional state of a person by his facial expression. After the perceptual experiment, the auditors answer questions regarding their relationship to the listened speech signals. The psychoemotional status of students is determined before and after the experiment using a battery of psychological tests. The change in the state of the subjects was determined by instrumental spectrographic analysis of their speech recorded before and after participating in the experiment. The speech material was analyzed using the Cool Edit Pro audio editor. The study participants were 40 students of the St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University - adult native speakers of the Russian language. The subjects were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of students of the first and second courses; the second group - students of the fifth and sixth courses. In the course of the work, original data were obtained on the acoustic characteristics of speech, reflecting the state of medical students before and after participating in a perceptual experiment aimed at recognizing the type of child development. According to the results of psychological testing, it was found that the students of the second group experienced less emotional tension before the start of the study, compared with the subjects of the first group. Relationships between the psychological parameters of the subjects and the success of the tasks of the perceptual experiment were determined. The work is financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project 19–78–00057)."
Incidental findings on lung cancer screening: pictorial essay and systematic checklist
Authors: Penha1,2 Diana , Pinto1 Erique , Monaghan2 Colin , Hochhegger3,4 Bruno , Marchiori5,6 Edson , Taborda-Barata1,7 Luís , Irion8 Klaus , Ravara7,9,10 Sofia , Kauczor11,12 Hans-Ulrich
Published: May 2022

Lung cancer screening (LCS) programs are increasing worldwide. Incidental findings (IFs) on LCS are defined as low-dose CT findings unrelated to the primary purpose of identifying lung cancer. Most IFs on LCS are benign and clinically insignificant but are being increasingly recognized, and some require urgent referral for further diagnostic workup. Other findings are expected and are known as smoking-related comorbidities, including COPD, cardiovascular disease, emphysema, and interstitial lung disease, and their diagnosis can have a significant impact on patient prognosis. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to illustrate the most common IFs on LCS, organized by organ. We will discuss the current literature on IFs on LCS, focusing on their prevalence, appropriate communication, and triggering of clinical pathway systems.
Knives and the Second Amendment
Authors: Kopel David , Cramer Clayton , Olson Joseph
Published: May 2022

This Article is the first scholarly analysis of knives and the Second Amendment. Under the Supreme Court’s standard in District of Columbia v. Heller, knives are Second Amendment “arms” because they are “typically possessed by law-abiding citizens for lawful purposes,” including self-defense. There is no knife that is more dangerous than a modern handgun; to the contrary, knives are much less dangerous. Therefore, restrictions on carrying handguns set the upper limit for restrictions on carrying knives. Prohibitions on carrying knives in general, or of particular knives, are unconstitutional. For example, bans of knives that open in a convenient way (e.g., switchblades, gravity knives, and butterfly knives) are unconstitutional. Likewise unconstitutional are bans on folding knives that, after being opened, have a safety lock to prevent inadvertent closure.
Debunking the Myth of Universal Male Privilege
Authors: Abrams Jamie
Published: May 2022

Existing legal responses to sexual assault and harassment in the military have stagnated or failed. Current approaches emphasize the prevalence of sexual assault and highlight the masculine nature of the military’s statistical composition and institutional culture. Current responses do not, however, incorporate masculinities theory to disentangle the experiences of men as a group from men as individuals. Rather, embedded within contestations of the masculine military culture is the unstated assumption that the culture universally privileges or benefits the individual men that operate within it. This myth is harmful because it tethers masculinities to military efficacy, suppresses the costs of male violence to men, and positions women as perpetual outsiders. Debunking the myth of universal male privilege in heavily masculinized institutions would advance gender equality and shift the law reform focus. It would bring sexual assault, domestic violence, and sexual harassment into the same frame as the military mental health crisis and even mass solidier-on-soldier shootings. This would reveal the gender equality implications of military mental health and disentangle masculinities and military efficacy. Debunking the myth of univeral male privilege would yield more vigilance to how law reforms can exacerbate hyper-masculine violence. It introduces new entry points to gendered violence in the military, expanding the focus from incident-based responses to recruiting and training.
What Common Law and Common Sense Teach Us About Corporate Cybersecurity
Authors: Balitzer Stephanie
Published: May 2022

This Note examines the challenges of corporate cyberdefense and suggests an approach to mitigate them. Part I outlines the background of the corporate cyberdefense quandary and various cyberdefense strategies. Part II explores the current landscape of cybersecurity law in the United States and the regulatory infrastructure that governs cybercrimes. Part II also surveys case law that illustrates the legal loopholes and ambiguities corporations face when implementing cybersecurity measures. Finally, Part III argues that the proposed active defense model fails to comport with practical concerns and established legal principles. This Note’s comparative analysis of common law ‘defense of property’ principles and corporate cyberdefense provides a framework from which the Federal Communications Commission, in conjunction with the Cyber Threat Intelligence Integration Center, should promulgate sensible and legally-sound corporate cyberdefense guidelines.