bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Staged laryngeal reconstruction with a prefabricated flap for radiation recurrent glottic carcinoma
Authors: Mourad Moustafa W. , Su Henry K. , Castro Jerry R. , Lazarus Cathy L. , Clain Jason B. , Mojica Jacqueline S. , Urken Mark L.
Published: November 2015

Objectives/Hypothesis

Although salvage total laryngectomy remains the definitive approach to recurrent/persistent glottic cancer following failed radiation therapy for favorable early‐stage disease, it comes at the price of a permanent laryngostome and an impact on quality of life. We describe a three‐stage method of laryngeal reconstruction for salvage partial laryngectomy to address the unique challenges of operating on radiation recurrent/persistent cancer.

Study Design

This was a single‐surgeon retrospective case series of patients who underwent a three‐stage laryngeal reconstruction for salvage partial laryngectomy.

Methods

We performed a comprehensive review of the clinical, pathologic, and radiologic files of all patients who underwent a three‐stage laryngeal reconstruction for salvage partial laryngectomy.

Results

Seven male patients underwent a three‐stage laryngeal reconstruction following open partial salvage laryngectomy. The average follow‐up time since salvage surgery was 55 months. All patients were without evidence of recurrence and demonstrated satisfactory functional outcomes.

Conclusion

Staged reconstruction provides a more controlled assessment of wound healing and valuable pathologic information regarding the specific disease virulence and adequacy of the margins.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 126:1061–1070, 2016
Industrially Scalable Approach to Nanohybrid Shish Kebabs by In Situ Nanofibrillation of Isotactic Poly(propylene)
Authors: Niu Ben , Miao Xia‐Ran , Chen Jun , Ji Xu , Zhong Gan‐Ji , Li Zhong‐Ming
Published: November 2015

Herein, a feasible protocol of nanohybrid shish kebab (NHSK) in isotactic poly(propylene) (iPP)/low density polyethylene (LDPE) blend is shown, where iPP nanofibrils in situ generate during melt compounding followed by hot stretching, thus serving as shish to induce the kebabs of LDPE under extensional flow, therewith leading to greatly improved mechanical properties. Although scanning electron microscope and small angle X‐ray scattering results reveal classic characteristic of NHSK, wide angle X‐ray diffraction demonstrates that some LDPE chains within the kebabs of LDPE are actually tilted off the flow direction. Through the comparison of LDPE lamellae epitaxially growing on iPP nanofibrils substrate under quiescent condition, it is concluded that the extensional flow affects the formation of NHSK notably, mainly by enhancing nuclei density and further influencing the twist of LDPE lamellae. Moreover, of particular significance is the methodology based on practical processing of extrusion in this work, making it promising to industrially achieve NHSK in polymer blend with advanced performance.

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Synthesis of Polystyrene‐block‐Poly(4‐vinylpyridine) Ellipsoids through Macro‐RAFT‐Agent‐Mediated Dispersion Polymerization: The Solvent Effect on the Morphology of the In Situ Synthesized Block Copolymer Nanoobjects
Authors: Liu Hui , Gao Chengqiang , Ding Zhonglin , Zhang Wangqing
Published: November 2015

The solvent character affecting the morphology of the block copolymer nanoobjects prepared through the macro‐RAFT‐agent‐mediated dispersion polymerization is discussed. It is found that, in the polystyrene macro‐RAFT‐agent‐mediated dispersion polymerization of 4‐vinylpyridine in the solvent of the toluene/cyclohexane mixture, the toluene/cyclohexane weight ratio in the polymerization solvent highly affected the morphology of the in situ synthesized polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) nanoobjects, and nanospheres are formed in pure toluene and ellipsoids are formed in the toluene/cyclohexane mixture containing 10–20 wt% cyclohexane, respectively. The formation of the PS‐b‐P4VP ellipsoids is explored by checking the polymerization kinetics and the morphology of the in situ synthesized PS‐b‐P4VP nanoobjects at different monomer conversion. It was revealed that the formation of ellipsoids is possibly through the nanosphere–nanosphere fusion and/or the nanosphere‐to‐rod transition with the extension of the poly(4‐vinylpyridine) block during the dispersion reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. This study demonstrates that tuning the solvent character may be a promising method to tune the morphology of block copolymer nanoobjects under dispersion RAFT polymerization condition.

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Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for Children With Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas
Authors: Hankinson Todd C. , Patibandla Mohana Rao , Green Adam , Hemenway Molly , Foreman Nicholas , Handler Michael , Liu Arthur K.
Published: November 2015

Children with diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas have very poor outcomes, with nearly all children dying from disease. Standard therapy includes 6 weeks of radiation. There have been descriptions of using a shortened course of radiation. We describe our experience with a hypofractionated radiotherapy approach delivered over five treatments. In seven children, hypofractionated radiotherapy was well tolerated, but symptomatic radiation necrosis was seen in three of the children. Overall survival was slightly shorter than previously described in the literature. We are developing a prospective dose‐finding protocol with the goal of tolerable short‐course radiation treatment with outcomes comparable to conventional radiation.
Dislocation behavior in seed‐cast grown Si ingots based on crystallographic orientation
Authors: Jiptner Karolin , Miyamura Yoshiji , Harada Hirofumi , Gao Bing , Kakimoto Koichi , Sekiguchi Takashi
Published: November 2015

This study concentrates on dislocation behavior during Si growth by the seed‐cast method in different crystallographic orientations. Two methods were combined: (1) Si crystal growth in different seed orientations and (2) float zone Si‐annealing experiment to obtain the purely thermal stress‐induced dislocation density. The main focus is on the difference between the (111) and the (100) growth directions. It is found that peripheral areas are dominated by thermal stress‐induced dislocation densities. Central ingot areas are dominated by other dislocation sources. By comparing the (100) and the (111) orientations, it was found that a difference in dislocation motion exists. This difference is caused by a different activation of slip systems, causing long slip lines in the (111) orientation. It is shown that numerical simulation has problems describing this long‐range dislocation slip. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Political hazards and firms' geographic concentration
Authors: Jia Nan , Mayer Kyle J.
Published: November 2015

Research summary: We examine the relationship between the geographic concentration of a firm's sales and the firm's vulnerability to expropriation hazards. Although expanding outside the home location can initially increase a firm's exposure to government expropriation, we find that this effect reverses when a firm's sales outside its home location have reached a point at which it has sufficient resources to better influence government actions and to pose a credible threat to exit the market in which it is being targeted. We supplement this main result by identifying two moderating factors: the firm's level of political capital and the effectiveness of institutional constraints on government behavior. We find support for these hypotheses from survey data on privately owned enterprises in China.

Managerial summary: This research advises firm managers that certain market activities might knock their firms' economic interests out of alignment with the government's political interests, and thus, influence the political hazards they face, particularly in emerging markets such as China, which has attracted strong interest of many firms with respect to entering the market. Here, all else being equal, the firms' geographic concentration exposes them to different levels of state expropriation—but not in a simple linear fashion as suggested by the conventional wisdom of local protectionism or that of the bargaining advantage generated by the threat of relocation: Those who are “stuck in the middle” ended up paying twice or even three times as much unauthorized levies as the purely local or the most expansive firms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of International Volunteers in the Growth of Surgical Capacity in Post‐earthquake Haiti
Authors: Derenoncourt Max Herby , Carré Roselaine , Condé‐Green Alexandra , Rodnez Alain , Sifri Ziad C. , Baltazar Gerard A.
Published: November 2015

Background

The 2010 Haiti earthquake severely strained local healthcare infrastructure. In the wake of this healthcare crisis, international organizations provided volunteer support. Studies demonstrate that this support improved short‐term recovery; however, it is unclear how long‐term surgical capacity has changed and what role volunteer surgical relief efforts have played. Our goal was to investigate the role of international surgical volunteers in the increase of surgical capacity following the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the operative reports of 3208 patients at a general, trauma and critical care hospital in Port‐au‐Prince from June 2010 through December 2013. We collected data on patient demographics and operation subspecialty. Surgeons and anesthesiologists were categorized by subspecialty training and as local healthcare providers or international volunteers. We performed analysis of variance to detect changes in surgical capacity over time and to estimate the role volunteers play in these changes.

Results

Overall number of monthly operations increased over the 2.5 years post‐earthquake. The percentage of orthopedic operations declined while the percentage of other subspecialty operations increased (p = 0.0003). The percentage of operations performed by international volunteer surgeons did not change (p = 0.51); however, the percentage of operations staffed by volunteer anesthesiologists declined (p = 0.058). The percentage of operations performed by matching specialty‐ and subspecialty‐trained international volunteers has not changed (p = 0.54).

Conclusions

Haitian post‐earthquake local and overall surgical capacity has steadily increased, particularly for provision of subspecialty operations. Surgical volunteers have played a consistent role in the recovery of surgical capacity. An increased focus on access to surgical services and resource‐allocation for long‐term surgical efforts particularly in the realm of subspecialty surgery may lead to full recovery of surgical capacity after a large and devastating natural disaster.
A randomized controlled trial of clomifene citrate, metformin, and pioglitazone versus letrozole, metformin, and pioglitazone for clomifene‐citrate‐resistant polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: El‐khayat Waleed , Abdel Moety Ghada , Al Mohammady Maged , Hamed Dalia
Published: November 2015

Objective

To examine the efficacy of clomifene citrate, metformin, and pioglitazone versus letrozole, metformin, and pioglitazone among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) resistant to clomifene citrate.

Methods

A prospective double‐blind randomized controlled trial of women younger than 40 years who had primary/secondary infertility associated with PCOS and had not ovulated in response to clomifene citrate regimens previously was conducted at a center in Cairo, Egypt, between August 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014. Computer‐generated random number tables and opaque envelopes were used to assign participants to group A or group B. Participants allocated to group A received 100 mg clomifene citrate daily for 5 days from the third day of the menstrual cycle, whereas those in group B received 5 mg letrozole daily in the same regimen. All patients received 850 mg metformin and 15 mg pioglitazone for 10 days from the first day of the menstrual cycle. The primary outcome was cumulative ovulation rate. Analyses were by intention to treat.

Results

Fifty women were assigned to each group. Ovulation occurred in 108 (92.3%) of 117 cycles in group A and 93 (86.9%) of 107 cycles in Group B (P = 0.184).

Conclusion

Combined treatment with letrozole, metformin, and pioglitazone was efficacious among women with PCOS resistant to clomifene citrate.

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01909141
Comparison of two contraceptive pills containing drospirenone and 20 μg or 30 μg ethinyl estradiol for polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Bhattacharya Sudhindra M. , Jha Ayan , DasMukhopadhyay Lipika
Published: November 2015

Objective

To compare the effects of 30 μg and 20 μg ethinyl estradiol (EE) among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Methods

In a randomized study, patients with PCOS, a history of six or fewer menstrual cycles in the previous 12 months, and abnormal body hair growth were enrolled at a center in Kolkata, India, between May 1, 2012, and January 31, 2014. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) using a computer‐generated randomization table to receive an oral contraceptive pill containing 3 mg drospirenone and either 30 μg EE or 20 μg EE. Patients were followed up after 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome was the absolute change in the free androgen index. Participants were masked to group assignment but investigators were not. Analyses were by intention to treat.

Results

Overall, 112 patients were enrolled. At 6 months, the free androgen index had decreased by 4.96 ± 6.01 among patients receiving 30 μg (n = 55) and by 4.81 ± 6.03 among those receiving 20 μg (n = 57; P = 0.89). At 12 months, the decrease from baseline was 5.23 ± 5.79 with 30 μg and 4.99 ± 5.86 with 20 μg (P = 0.82).

Conclusion

Among patients with PCOS, an oral contraceptive pill containing 20 μg EE has similar effects on androgen levels to those of a pill containing 30 μg.

Clinical Trial Registration Number: CTRI/2012/04/002571
Anxiety is associated with increased risk of dementia in older Swedish twins
Authors: Petkus Andrew J. , Reynolds Chandra A. , Wetherell Julie Loebach , Kremen William S. , Pedersen Nancy L. , Gatz Margaret
Published: November 2015

Introduction

We asked whether anxiety is associated with prospective risk of dementia, and the extent to which genetic influences mediate this association.

Methods

Nondemented twins (n = 1082) from the Swedish Adoption Twin Study of Aging completed an assessment of anxiety symptoms in 1984 and were followed for 28 years.

Results

Baseline anxiety score, independent of depressive symptoms, was significantly associated with incident dementia over follow‐up (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.06). There was 48% increased risk of becoming demented for those who had experienced high anxiety at any time compared with those who had not. In co‐twin analyses, the association between anxiety symptoms and dementia was greater for dizygotic (HR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.02–1.20) compared with monozygotic twins (HR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.95–1.20), indicating genetic mediation.

Discussion

Anxiety symptoms were associated with increased risk of dementia. Genetic factors common to dementia and anxiety partially mediated this association.
CREB‐binding protein regulates lung cancer growth by targeting MAPK and CPSF4 signaling pathway
Authors: Tang Zhipeng , Yu Wendan , Zhang Changlin , Zhao Shilei , Yu Zhenlong , Xiao Xiangsheng , Tang Ranran , Xuan Yang , Yang Wenjing , Hao Jiaojiao , Xu Tingting , Zhang Qianyi , Huang Wenlin , Deng Wuguo , Guo Wei
Published: November 2015

CBP (CREB‐binding protein) is a transcriptional co‐activator which possesses HAT (histone acetyltransferases) activity and participates in many biological processes, including embryonic development, growth control and homeostasis. However, its roles and the underlying mechanisms in the regulation of carcinogenesis and tumor development remain largely unknown. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms and potential targets of CBP involved in tumor growth and survival in lung cancer cells. Elevated expression of CBP was detected in lung cancer cells and tumor tissues compared to the normal lung cells and tissues. Knockdown of CBP by siRNA or inhibition of its HAT activity using specific chemical inhibitor effectively suppressed cell proliferation, migration and colony formation and induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells by inhibiting MAPK and activating cytochrome C/caspase‐dependent signaling pathways. Co‐immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence analyses revealed the co‐localization and interaction between CBP and CPSF4 (cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 4) proteins in lung cancer cells. Knockdown of CPSF4 inhibited hTERT transcription and cell growth induced by CBP, and vice versa, demonstrating the synergetic effect of CBP and CPSF4 in the regulation of lung cancer cell growth and survival. Moreover, we found that high expression of both CBP and CPSF4 predicted a poor prognosis in the patients with lung adenocarcinomas. Collectively, our results indicate that CBP regulates lung cancer growth by targeting MAPK and CPSF4 signaling pathways.
Genome‐wide DNA methylation analyses in lung adenocarcinomas: Association with EGFR, KRAS and TP53 mutation status, gene expression and prognosis
Authors: Bjaanæs Maria Moksnes , Fleischer Thomas , Halvorsen Ann Rita , Daunay Antoine , Busato Florence , Solberg Steinar , Jørgensen Lars , Kure Elin , Edvardsen Hege , Børresen-Dale Anne-Lise , Brustugun Odd Terje , Tost Jörg , Kristensen Vessela , Helland Åslaug
Published: November 2015

Background:DNA methylation alterations are early events in tumorigenesis and important in the regulation of gene expression in cancer cells. Lung cancer patients have in general a poor prognosis, and a deeper insight into the epigenetic landscape in lung adenocarcinoma tumors and its prognostic implications is needed.

Results:We determined whole‐genome DNA methylation profiles of 164 fresh frozen lung adenocarcinoma samples and 19 samples of matched normal lung tissue using the Illumina Infinium 450K array. A large number of differentially methylated CpGs in lung adenocarcinoma tissue were identified, and specific methylation profiles were observed in tumors with mutations in the EGFR‐, KRAS‐ or TP53 genes and according to the patients' smoking status. The methylation levels were correlated with gene expression and both positive and negative correlations were seen. Methylation profiles of the tumor samples identified subtypes of tumors with distinct prognosis, including one subtype enriched for TP53 mutant tumors. A prognostic index based on the methylation levels of 33 CpGs was established, and was significantly associated with prognosis in the univariate analysis using an independent cohort of lung adenocarcinoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. CpGs in the HOX B and HOX C gene clusters were represented in the prognostic signature.

Conclusions:Methylation differences mirror biologically important features in the etiology of lung adenocarcinomas and influence prognosis.
Paleohydrology of the Santiaguillo Basin (Mexico) since late last glacial and climate variation in southern part of western subtropical North America
Authors: Roy Priyadarsi D. , Chávez-Lara Claudia M. , Beramendi-Orosco Laura E. , Sánchez-Zavala José L. , Muthu-Sankar Gowrappan , Lozano-Santacruz Rufino , Quiroz-Jimenez Jesús D. , López-Balbiaux Nayeli
Published: November 2015

Stratigraphy, geochemistry and radiocarbon dating of a succession of sediment in the Santiaguillo Basin (central-northern Mexico) help reconstruct the millennial-scale dynamics of hydrological variability that occurred in the southern part of western subtropical North America since the late last glacial. Runoff was generally above average during the late last glacial from ~ 27 to 18 ka. Following this interval, runoff decreased and deposition of authigenic carbonate and aeolian transported sediment increased until ~ 4 ka. Heinrich 1 and 2, and Younger Dryas were intervals of reduced runoff and increased aeolian activity. The wetter climate of central-northern Mexico and arid conditions in north–northwestern Mexico during the late last glacial were probably related to formation of tropical cyclones in the eastern North Pacific during the autumn with restricted rainfall swaths and an absent/weaker North American Monsoon. Enhanced North American Monsoon and tropical cyclones with expanded rainfall swaths brought more summer and autumn precipitation to a broader region extending from the central-northern Mexico to the continental interiors of southwestern US during the early Holocene.
Annals of the Reformation and Establishment of Religion
Authors: Strype John
Published: November 2015

The historian John Strype (1643–1737) published the fourth and final volume of his monumental Elizabethan religious history Annals of the Reformation in 1731. For over two and a half centuries it remained one of the most important Protestant histories of the period and has been reprinted in numerous editions. Volume 4 is a rich collection of primary sources, covering the final years of Elizabeth I's reign and the first years of the reign of James I. The sources concern the continued threats from Spain; religious dissidence in England; episcopal organisation and the transference of power to James I. The sources, transcribed by Strype, include state papers, official proclamations, royal records, and letters. Strype's thorough use of sources and the enormous scope and detail of his history has ensured its place as an outstanding work of eighteenth-century scholarship. It should be read by every student of Elizabethan religious history.
Memoir of Leonard Horner, F.R.S., F.G.S.
Authors: Horner Leonard
Published: November 2015

Leonard Horner (1785–1864) was a prominent geologist, educator and, later, a factory inspector. In 1833 he was appointed to the Royal Commission on the employment of children in factories, and he inspected sites around the north of England. His earlier scientific work saw him elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1813, and he was twice president of the Geological Society. The two-volume Memoir of Leonard Horner, edited by his daughter, Katharine Lyell, and published in 1890, is a selection of letters to and from his family and friends. The correspondence gives vivid insights into the world of this influential reformer. Volume 1 focuses on Horner's life from his childhood until 1838, taking in many of the key events of his professional career, including his election to the Royal Society, his attempts at improving higher education in Edinburgh and his involvement with the inspection of factories.
Die Griechischen Tragödien mit Rücksicht auf den Epischen Cyclus
Authors: Welcker Friedrich Gottlieb
Published: November 2015

Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker (1784–1868) championed a comprehensive approach to antiquity, embracing history, literature, art and religion. This, and his openness to contemporary philosophical ideas about aesthetics and mythology, gave his work a visionary quality that inspired later figures as diverse as Usener and Wilamowitz. In this three-volume work on tragedy, his largest, published between 1839 and 1841, he attempts to reconstruct all the lost trilogies and tetralogies of Greek tragic theatre, insisting on their artistic unity, and demonstrating their fundamental debt to the Epic Cycle (which he had investigated in his Der Epische Cyclus, also reissued in this series). Amid much that is fantastic he made many brilliant discoveries, such that he must still be consulted by all serious students of the subject. Volume 1 deals with the period and plays of Aeschylus and Sophocles.
Ueber die Sprache und Weisheit der Indier
Authors: Schlegel Friedrich von
Published: November 2015

Critic, poet and essayist Friedrich von Schlegel (1772–1829) was a leading figure of German Romanticism. Believed to be autobiographical, his unfinished novel Lucinde caused a scandal in 1799 because of its portrayal of a sexual liaison. After exploring the development of philosophy, Schlegel increasingly turned his attention to the study of Sanskrit and Hindu religious writings. This work on the connections between Sanskrit and Indo-European languages, first published in German in 1808, is regarded as an important early contribution to comparative grammar – it was Schlegel himself who introduced this term into linguistics. He was inspired by the example of comparative anatomy, and he also promoted the idea of family trees for languages. The Aesthetic and Miscellaneous Works of Frederick von Schlegel (1849), in English translation, is also reissued in this series.
Tanis
Authors: Petrie William Matthew Flinders , Murray Alexander Stuart , Griffith Francis Llewellyn
Published: November 2015

Once the political centre of Lower Egypt, the city of Tanis was in ruins by the time pioneering archaeologist W. M. Flinders Petrie (1853–1942) arrived in the late nineteenth century. He recruited more than a hundred workers from nearby settlements to help with his excavations there. Now reissued together, these two reports of Petrie's discoveries were originally published separately in 1885 and 1888. His colleague Francis Llewellyn Griffith (1862–1934) contributes epigraphic analysis and translations. Each report contains much illustrative content, such as maps and photographs of the sites as well as drawings of the finds and hieroglyphic inscriptions. The 1888 publication also covers work carried out at Nebesheh and Defenneh, neither of which had been previously studied by archaeologists. Alexander Stuart Murray (1841–1904) discusses the important discoveries of painted vases at the latter site. Many of Petrie's other Egyptological publications are also reissued in this series.
The Autobiography of Sir Henry Morton Stanley, G.C.B
Authors: Stanley Henry Morton
Published: November 2015

Henry Morton Stanley (1841–1904), the Welsh-born explorer famous for his 1871 meeting with the missionary David Livingstone, published this intimate autobiography in 1909. Through his recollections we learn how his troubled early life - an impoverished childhood in a workhouse and some harrowing experiences as a young soldier - were what drove him to succeed as an explorer, and gave him the strength to deal with the sometimes vehement opposition he encountered. Although Stanley died before finishing this book, his wife Dorothy brought it to completion by compiling and editing the letters and memoirs he wrote during his travels, so that his avowed aim - to encourage impoverished young people to realise their ambitions - was met. This is the story of a man who, in the context of his own time, achieved 'greatness' against the odds, though his imperialist and allegedly racist views later caused the eclipse of his reputation.
Reminiscences of Michael Kelly, of the King's Theatre, and Theatre Royal Drury Lane
Authors: Kelly Michael
Published: November 2015

Michael Kelly (1762–1826) was an Irish singer and composer who studied music in a Naples conservatory before touring Europe and performing for royalty. His voyage to Italy began with a brush with pirates, one of whom was a childhood acquaintance. Kelly also found himself stranded penniless in Venice, spent a night in prison after a fist fight at the theatre, and had a narrow escape from revolutionary France. He is probably best remembered for creating the roles of Don Basilio and Don Curzio in the first performance, in 1786, of Le Nozze di Figaro, of which he describes the rehearsal period and reception. He later joined London's Theatre Royal as both a performer and composer and opened a music shop, which went bankrupt. These memoirs, published in 1826, provide rich first-hand insights into a key period in theatre history. Volume 2 covers Kelly's later musical and theatrical career.
Der Occultismus des Altertums
Authors: Kiesewetter Karl
Published: November 2015

A leading German theosophical writer, Karl Kiesewetter (1854–95) published several influential works in the years just before his early death. They included a history of modern esotericism (1891), a biography of Mesmer (1893, also reissued in this series), studies of John Dee and of the Faust legend (both 1893), and this two-volume account of occult beliefs and practices in the ancient world (1895), which was completed by Ludwig Kuhlenbeck (1857–1920), a scholar of ancient philosophy and law. Volume 2 focuses on the civilisations of the Mediterranean (Greece, Alexandria, Rome) and northern Europe (the Germanic and Celtic peoples). Each general description is followed by more detailed investigations of particular aspects of that community, such as individuals (Socrates, Philo and Pythagoras), practices (divination, healing and oracles), and teachings (gnosticism, Manicheanism and creation, the afterlife), together with textual excerpts (in German translation).
Hobson-Jobson
Authors: Yule Henry , Burnell Arthur Coke
Published: November 2015

This dictionary of Anglo-Indian terms gives the definition and etymology of over two thousand words in common use in colonial India in the late nineteenth century. First published in 1886, it was written by the Scottish orientalist Sir Henry Yule (1820–1889) and Arthur C. Burnell (1840–1882), an English scholar of Sanskrit and author of a Handbook of South Indian Palaeography. Whereas previous glossaries focused on technical terms used by the Indian administration, this work aims at dealing with words that recur in the daily English of India: 'either as expressing ideas really not provided for' by English, or wrongly 'supposed by the speakers to express something not capable of just denotation by any English term'. Tracing the literary sources and Indian origins of words such as cooly or curry, but also - more surprisingly - tank or veranda, this dictionary is a fascinating resource for the modern reader.
The History of Ceylon, from the Earliest Period to the Year MDCCCXV
Authors: Philalethes A. M. , Knox Robert
Published: November 2015

This 1817 book by 'A. M. Philalethes' traces the history of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) from the classical period to 1815, providing details of the religion, laws and manners of the people. An appendix contains an account, originally published in 1681, by Robert Knox (1641–1720) of his nearly twenty-year captivity on the island. The identity of the pseudonymous 'Philalethes' is not certain: he may have been Robert Fellowes (1770–1847), who, however, never visited Ceylon, or the Revd G. Bissett, who did. The book, which includes topographical notes and a collection of moral maxims and ancient proverbs, begins with classical accounts of the Island of Ceylon by Ptolemy, among others, and moves from this 'imperfect acquaintance with this remote region' to Knox's 'lively picture of the state of the country and manners of the people' which, according to 'Philalethes', was among the most important possessions of Great Britain.
Letters and Journals of Lord Byron
Authors: Byron George Gordon
Published: November 2015

George Gordon Noel Byron, 6th Baron Byron of Rochdale (1788–1824) is one of the central writers of British Romanticism and his 'Byronic' hero - the charming, dashing, rebellious outsider - remains a literary archetype. But to what extent is this character a portrayal of the author himself? Byron was known for his extremely unconventional, eccentric character and his extravagant and flamboyant lifestyle: Lady Caroline Lamb, one of his lovers, famously described him as 'mad, bad and dangerous to know'. This two-volume work, compiled by his friend Thomas Moore, to whom Byron had given his manuscript memoirs (which he later burnt), was published in 1830. Volume 2 gives an account of Byron's life and work from 1816, including his travels abroad in Switzerland and Italy, where close friendships with Lady Blessington and Percy and Mary Shelley developed, to his early death in the Greek War of Independence in 1824.
Philo und die Alexandrinische Theosophie
Authors: Gfrörer August Friedrich
Published: November 2015

A keen student of theology, August Friedrich Gfrörer (1803–61) became professor of history at the University of Freiburg and also sat as a representative in the Frankfurt parliament, agitating for the reunification of Protestantism and Catholicism. His academic work marked the modern period in the Christian study of Judaism, making full use of primary sources without pursuing an obvious apologetic or polemical agenda. This two-volume work, published in 1831, is a critical study of early Christianity and the influence that Judaism had on the New Testament. Volume 2 is devoted to substantiating the thesis that the core principles of Philo's theology were already discernible among the Alexandrian Jews. Gfrörer traces how Philo's theology and philosophy were transplanted to Palestine via such sects as the Therapeutae and the Essenes as well as through the historian Josephus. The Apocrypha serve as Gfrörer's main primary source.
Sea-Power
Authors: Bridge Cyprian
Published: November 2015

A naval officer from a generation that could spend an average of between 250 and 300 days a year at sea, Sir Cyprian Bridge (1839–1924) used this extensive experience and the knowledge he gained from wide reading to become a highly respected commander, firm in his beliefs and unafraid to voice them. In retirement he became a vocal critic of the drive to build bigger ships, believing that hardware should be subordinate to tactics. A regular contributor to newspapers, he wrote articles on naval history, tactics and strategy. This collection of articles was published in 1910, and includes his well-known paper, first delivered in 1902, setting out the difficulties in maintaining supplies and communications with a fleet based far from home. This work remains relevant to naval historians, and to those interested in how Britain maintained her maritime supremacy into the twentieth century.
Geschichte von Böhmen
Authors: Palacký František
Published: November 2015

A highly influential Czech historian and politician, František Palacký (1798–1876) became in 1825 the first editor of the journal of the Bohemian Museum, a key cultural institution in the development of Czech nationalism. He was actively involved in the nineteenth-century Czech national revival, helping also to found the Czech national theatre. Entering politics in 1848, he served as president of the Prague Slavic Congress, and later became a member of the Austrian senate as a supporter of greater Czech autonomy. In this extensive work, comprising ten separate parts - published in German between 1836 and 1867 - Palacký gives a detailed account of Bohemian history until 1526. It remains an important and ambitious feat of scholarship, still relevant to students of central European history. The first part of Volume 2 (this is the 1847 printing) covers the rule of the Přemyslid dynasty in the thirteenth century.
Geschichte von Böhmen
Authors: Palacký František
Published: November 2015

A highly influential Czech historian and politician, František Palacký (1798–1876) became in 1825 the first editor of the journal of the Bohemian Museum, a key cultural institution in the development of Czech nationalism. He was actively involved in the nineteenth-century Czech national revival, helping also to found the Czech national theatre. Entering politics in 1848, he served as president of the Prague Slavic Congress, and later became a member of the Austrian senate as a supporter of greater Czech autonomy. In this extensive work, comprising ten separate parts - published in German between 1836 and 1867 - Palacký gives a detailed account of Bohemian history until 1526. It remains an important and ambitious feat of scholarship, still relevant to students of central European history. The second part of Volume 2 (this is the 1850 printing) covers the years 1306–78, the time of the Luxembourgian dynasty.
A Dictionary and Grammar of the Malayan Language
Authors: Marsden William
Published: November 2015

Published in 1812, this study of Malay in its written form was begun during William Marsden's service with the East India Company in Sumatra (1771–9). He continued his textual work in England upon his return, thus putting his practical knowledge into a solid scholarly frame. An expert in Asian languages and an outstanding Malay scholar in the English-speaking world, Marsden (1754–1836) was a fellow of the Royal Society from 1783 and later its vice-president and treasurer. This work is distinctive for its substantial Malay–English section, and for the use of examples from original Malay texts collected by the author. Despite being superseded by subsequent dictionaries, it is still a highly regarded and valuable source of information, especially about older, specialised and regional terms. The introduction provides the reader with a history of the Malayan language, including its spread, usage and regional variations.
The Mining Industry
Authors: The Witwatersrand Chamber of Mines
Published: November 2015

The mining industry was a fundamental part of the economy of South Africa in the late nineteenth century, and control of the region's gold mines was a significant factor in the tension between Dutch and English settlers that led to the Second Boer War in 1899. In 1889 the Witwatersrand Chamber of Mines had been formed to promote the industry's development. Economic problems in the region led the Volksraad of the South African Republic to set up a Commission of Enquiry in 1897 to investigate high tariffs, labour and transport costs which were adversely affecting the mining industry. The 1897 report reissued here was not that of the commission itself, but contains much of the evidence and statistical material presented to it, in the hope that the mining industry would adopt its recommendations. As such, this detailed resource remains relevant to economic historians of South Africa and the British Empire.
Civil Liability in Europe for Terrorism-Related Risk
Authors: Bergkamp Lucas , Faure Michael , Hinteregger Monika , Philipsen Niels
Published: November 2015

Today terrorism has become a world-wide phenomenon which does not stop at the European borders. Following the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Centre and terrorist attacks in Paris, Madrid and London, concerns have arisen in Europe about potential liability exposure for terrorism-related damage. This book tackles the problem of civil liability for damage caused by terrorist acts from several angles. The authors expertly deliver a comprehensive analysis of terrorism-related risk under international and EU law and the national tort law systems of seven representative EU Member States. They also provide a comparison of the situation in Europe to the liability environment in the US. Risk mitigation strategies are considered and critically assessed, as are alternative systems for redressing terrorism-related risks. The book concludes with a reflection on the analysis and presents possible strategies for future regulation by the European lawmakers.
Reflections on the Present Condition of the Female Sex
Authors: Wakefield Priscilla
Published: November 2015

Coming from a prosperous London Quaker family, the author Priscilla Wakefield (1751–1832) wrote educational books for children, including an introduction to botany (also reissued in this series), and this 1798 work for adults, a fascinating piece of social and feminist history. Wakefield argues for better education for women, and suggests ways for those without the support of a husband or family to earn a living. Her ideas are not radical: she divides women into four social classes, with recommendations on appropriate work for each, and she believes that marriage rather than independence is the best outcome for any woman. Her concern for social norms is illustrated by her belief that field labour and any manufacturing job 'where both sexes are promiscuously assembled' are detrimental to female virtue. There are, however, many occupations which do not destroy 'the peculiar characteristic of their sex', or exceed 'the most exact limits of modesty and decorum'.
Optimal Regulation and the Law of International Trade
Authors: Rigod Boris
Published: November 2015

Are the limitations imposed on World Trade Organization (WTO) members' right to regulate efficient? This is a question that is only scarcely, if ever, analysed in existing literature. Boris Rigod aims to provide an answer to this fundamental concern. Using the tools of economic analysis and in particular the concept of economic efficiency as a benchmark, the author states that domestic regulatory measures should only be subject to scrutiny by WTO bodies when they cause negative international externalities through terms of trade manipulations. He then suggests that WTO law, applied by the WTO judiciary can prevent WTO members from attaining optimal levels of regulation. By applying a law and economics methodology, Rigod provides an innovative solution to the problem of how to reconcile members' regulatory autonomy and WTO rules as well as offering a novel analytical framework for assessing domestic regulations in the light of WTO law.
Monuments and Literary Posterity in Early Modern Drama
Authors: Chalk Brian
Published: November 2015

In spite of the ephemeral nature of performed drama, playwrights such as Marlowe, Jonson, Webster, Fletcher, and Shakespeare were deeply interested in the endurance of their theatrical work and in their own literary immortality. This book re-evaluates the relationship between these early modern dramatists and literary posterity by considering their work within the context of post-Reformation memorialization. Providing fresh analyses of plays by major dramatists, Brian Chalk considers how they depicted monuments and other funeral properties on stage in order to exploit and criticize the rich ambiguities of commemorative rituals. The book also discusses the print history of the plays featured. The subject will attract scholars and upper-level students of Renaissance drama, memory studies, early modern theatre, and print history.
Identifying Indirect Benefits of Federal Health Care Emergency Preparedness Grant Funding to Coalitions: A Content Analysis
Authors: Priest Chad , Stryckman Benoit
Published: November 2015

Objective

This study aimed to identify the indirect benefits of health care preparedness funding as perceived by current and former recipients of the US Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response’s Hospital Preparedness Program.

Methods

This was a qualitative inductive content analysis of telephone interviews conducted with regional stakeholders from several health care coalitions to identify their perceptions of the indirect benefits of preparedness funding.

Results

Content analysis of interviewee responses resulted in 2 main categories of indirect benefits of federal health care preparedness funding: (1) dual-use technology and programs and (2) impact of relationships on day-to-day operations. Within the dual-use technology and programs category, 3 subcategories were identified: (1) information systems, (2) clinical technology, and (3) health care operations. Similarly, 3 subcategories relating to the indirect benefits in the impact of relationships on day-to-day operations category were identified: (1) cooperation, (2) information sharing, and (3) sense of community.

Conclusion

This study identified indirect benefits of federal investment in hospital and health care preparedness in day-to-day operations. Major categories of these benefits included dual-use technology and programs and impact of relationships on day-to-day operations. Coalition members placed a high value on these benefits, even though they were not direct outcomes of grant programs. Further research is needed to quantify the economic value of these indirect benefits to more accurately measure the total return on investment from federal grant funding. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness.2015;9:704–711)
Disruption of states by a stable stratification
Authors: Eaves T. S. , Caulfield C. P.
Published: November 2015

We identify ‘minimal seeds’ for turbulence, i.e. initial conditions of the smallest possible total perturbation energy density $E_{c}$ that trigger turbulence from the laminar state, in stratified plane Couette flow, the flow between two horizontal plates of separation $2H$, moving with relative velocity $2{\rm\Delta}U$, across which a constant density difference $2{\rm\Delta}{\it\rho}$ from a reference density ${\it\rho}_{r}$ is maintained. To find minimal seeds, we use the ‘direct-adjoint-looping’ (DAL) method for finding nonlinear optimal perturbations that optimise the time-averaged total dissipation of energy in the flow. These minimal seeds are located adjacent to the edge manifold, the manifold in state space that separates trajectories which transition to turbulence from those which eventually decay to the laminar state. The edge manifold is also the stable manifold of the system’s ‘edge state’. Therefore, the trajectories from the minimal seed initial conditions spend a large amount of time in the vicinity of some states: the edge state; another state contained within the edge manifold; or even in dynamically slowly varying regions of the edge manifold, allowing us to investigate the effects of a stable stratification on any coherent structures associated with such states. In unstratified plane Couette flow, these coherent structures are manifestations of the self-sustaining process (SSP) deduced on physical grounds by Waleffe (Phys. Fluids, vol. 9, 1997, pp. 883–900), or equivalently finite Reynolds number solutions of the vortex–wave interaction (VWI) asymptotic equations initially derived mathematically by Hall & Smith (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 227, 1991, pp. 641–666). The stratified coherent states we identify at moderate Reynolds number display an altered form from their unstratified counterparts for bulk Richardson numbers $\mathit{Ri}_{B}=g{\rm\Delta}{\it\rho}H/({\it\rho}_{r}{\rm\Delta}U^{2})=O(\mathit{Re}^{-1})$, and exhibit chaotic motion for larger $\mathit{Ri}_{B}$. We demonstrate that at hith Reynolds number the suppression of vertical motions by stratification strongly disrupts input from the waves to the roll velocity structures, thus preventing the waves from reinforcing the viscously decaying roll structures adequately, when $\mathit{Ri}_{B}=O(\mathit{Re}^{-2})$.
Droplet spreading and absorption on rough, permeable substrates
Authors: Espín Leonardo , Kumar Satish
Published: November 2015

Wetting of permeable substrates by liquids is an important phenomenon in many natural and industrial processes. Substrate heterogeneities may significantly alter liquid spreading and interface shapes, which in turn may alter liquid imbibition. A new lubrication-theory-based model for droplet spreading on permeable substrates that incorporates surface roughness is developed in this work. The substrate is assumed to be saturated with liquid, and the contact-line region is described by including a precursor film and disjoining pressure. A novel boundary condition for liquid imbibition is applied that eliminates the need for a droplet-thickness-dependent substrate permeability that has been employed in previous models. A nonlinear evolution equation describing droplet height as a function of time and the radial coordinate is derived and then numerically solved to characterize the influence of substrate permeability and roughness on axisymmetric droplet spreading. Because it incorporates surface roughness, the new model is able to describe the contact-line pinning that has been observed in experiments but not captured by previous models.