bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Image reconstruction for compressed ultrafast photography based on manifold learning and the alternating direction method of multipliers
Authors: Zhou Haoyu , Song Yan , Yao Zhiming , Hei Dongwei , Li Yang , Duan Baojun , Liu Yinong , Sheng Liang
Published: June 2024

Compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) is a high-speed imaging technique with a frame rate of up to ten trillion frames per second (fps) and a sequence depth of hundreds of frames. This technique is a powerful tool for investigating ultrafast processes. However, since the reconstruction process is an ill-posed problem, the image reconstruction will be more difficult with the increase of the number of reconstruction frames and the number of pixels of each reconstruction frame. Recently, various deep-learning-based regularization terms have been used to improve the reconstruction quality of CUP, but most of them require extensive training and are not generalizable. In this paper, we propose a reconstruction algorithm for CUP based on the manifold learning and the alternating direction method of multipliers framework (ML-ADMM), which is an unsupervised learning algorithm. This algorithm improves the reconstruction stability and quality by initializing the iterative process with manifold modeling in embedded space (MMES) and processing the image obtained from each ADMM iterative with a nonlinear modeling based on manifold learning. The numerical simulation and experiment results indicate that most of the spatial details can be recovered and local noise can be eliminated. In addition, a high-spatiotemporal-resolution video sequence can be acquired. Therefore, this method can be applied for CUP with ultrafast imaging applications in the future.
Stimulated Raman-induced beam focusing
Authors: Cho Minhaeng
Published: June 2024

Stimulated Raman scattering, employing a pump and a Stokes beam, exhibits itself through both the Raman loss observed in the pump beam and the Raman gain in the Stokes beam. This phenomenon finds application in spectroscopy for chemical analyses and microscopy for label-free bioimaging studies. Recent efforts have been made to implement super-resolution Raman microscopy using a doughnut-shaped pump, Stokes, or depletion beam. In this study, it is shown that the amplitude and phase of the pump or Stokes beam undergo significant modulation through the stimulated Raman process when they are configured as one of the higher-order Laguerre-Gauss modes, achieved using appropriate spiral phase plates or spatial light modulators. The resulting intensity distributions of the pump and Stokes beams are determined by a superposition of multiple Laguerre-Gauss modes that are coupled through nonlinear Raman gain and loss processes. Calculation results are used to elucidate the limitations associated with super-resolution coherent Raman imaging with a toroidal pump or Stokes beam. This stands in contrast with the stimulated emission depletion fluorescence microscopy technique, which has no fundamental limit in the spatial resolution enhancement.
Efficient single-photon directional transfer between waveguides via two giant atoms
Authors: Bao Daqiang , Lin Zhirong
Published: June 2024

We investigate the single-photon transport properties in a double-waveguide quantum electrodynamic system. We force the energy degeneracy of the collective states by adjusting the direct coupling strength between the two giant atoms. Our results indicate that resonant photons can be completely transferred between the two waveguides owing to the scattering interference of eigenstates, which also results in the directional propagation of resonant photons in the output waveguide. Perfect transfer occurs when the two scattering states degenerate in the energy and decay rates. We further propose a simple scheme to realize the efficient photon transfer with directional control. This study has potential applications in quantum networks and integrated photonic circuits.
Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor based on a two-dimensional mixed aperture diffractive lens array
Authors: Zhang Fan , Shen Honghai , Sun Yang
Published: June 2024

The Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SH-WS) is primarily used to detect the beam wavefront shape, which can be used to detect various perturbations in the atmospheric transmission of high-energy lasers. In this paper, we propose the use of spatial frequency to characterize the shape of the wavefront aberration based on the three-dimensional structure of the Zernike aberration. Based on the characteristics of the frequency distribution of the wavefront, we demonstrate a two-dimensional mixed-aperture diffractive lens wavefront sensor (MADL-WS). Mixed-aperture Fresnel lenses are used instead of the microlens array in SH-WS, and then the aberration information is obtained by the sub-area correlation algorithm. The method synthesizes the requirements of dynamic range and spatial resolution and considers the effect of the signal-to-noise ratio to improve wavefront detection accuracy. The numerical simulations and experimental results show that this method reduces the wavefront mean-square error of Zernike aberration detection. It can more accurately detect the thermal blooming effect generated during high-energy laser transmission.
Multilayer stacked crystalline silicon switch with nanosecond-order switching time
Authors: Yin Yuexin , Tang Bo , Xu Xinru , Ding Yingzhi , Sun Xiaoqiang , Wang Xibin , Wang Fei , Zhang Peng , Zhang Daming
Published: June 2024

To realize compact and denser photonic integrated circuits, three-dimensional integration has been widely accepted and researched. In this article, we demonstrate the operation of a 3D integrated silicon photonic platform fabricated through wafer bonding. Benefiting from the wafer bonding process, the material of all layers is c-Si, which ensures that the mobility is high enough to achieve a nanosecond response via the p-i-n diode shifter. Optical components, including multimode interferences (MMIs), waveguide crossing, and Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI)-based switch, are fabricated in different layers and exhibit great performance. The interlayer coupler and crossing achieve a 0.98 dB coupling loss and <−43.58 dB cross talk, while the crossing fabricated in the same layer shows <−36.00 dB cross talk. A nanosecond-order switch response is measured in different layers.
Direct 3D-printed ring-resonator photonic circuit on a dual core fiber tip for remote sensing applications
Authors: Gill Parvinder Kaur , Kukin Aleksei , Marom Dan M.
Published: June 2024

On-chip optical sensors using ring- and disk-resonators have many potential sensing applications, yet robust and efficient fiber-to-chip coupling and the differing form factor between the two pose deployment challenges. To resolve this, we 3D-printed a ring-resonator onto the tip of a dual-core fiber and demonstrate its use as a remote temperature sensor. The fiber-tip optical circuit is fabricated using direct laser writing (DLW) with two-photon absorption photopolymer material IP-Dip, forming micrometer-scale waveguide cores having a refractive index of 1.53 with a surrounding air cladding. We connect the two-fiber cores by a printed bus-waveguide, utilizing total internal reflection mirrors, allowing light launched into one core to be guided back to the other core. Furthermore, a DLW printed racetrack resonator evanescently coupled to the bus waveguide (Q ∼ 3000) imposes spectral dips on resonance wavelengths. Light sent down into one core is interrogated upon return from the second core, all from the distal end of the sensor. When the sensing end’s temperature is varied, we find a sensitivity of 78 pm/K, due to the polymer’s thermo-optic index variation. The ring-resonator could be functionalized for other sensing applications.
Enhanced detection limit in an exceptional surface-based fiber resonator by manipulating Fano interference
Authors: Jiang Shuo , Li Jincheng , Li Zelei , Li Wenxiu , Huang Xinyao , Zhang Hao , Zhang Guofeng , Huang Anping , Xiao Zhisong
Published: June 2024

An exceptional surface (ES) has advantages in improving sensing robustness and enhancing frequency splitting. Typically, the eigenvalue splitting must exceed the mode linewidth in order to be clearly visible in the spectrum, which limits the precision of the ES-based sensing structure. In this paper, a strategy for manipulating spectral line shape in an ES-based structure is experimentally realized. In addition, the limit of the minimum detectable displacement can be further reduced by monitoring the peak intensity of the Fano interference line shape. The demonstration of Fano interference in an ES-based system opens the way for a new class of ultrasensitive optical sensors.
Multiphoton absorption enhancement by graphene–gold nanostructure
Authors: Izadshenas Jahromi Saeid , Słowik Karolina
Published: June 2024

We present a hybrid graphene–gold nanoantenna designed to enhance
multiphoton absorption signals in molecules. The enhancement process
involves two key steps: Firstly, the graphene component of the antenna
supports molecular absorption in the mid-infrared and terahertz bands.
By applying gate voltage, one can adjust the spectral positions of its
resonances and select the desired absorption order, determining the
number of photons absorbed in a single transition event. Secondly,
gold nanorods with carefully tailored geometrical parameters enhance
fluorescent single-photon emission. As a proof of concept, we adjust
the geometry parameters of the hybrid antenna to the ATTO 700 dye
molecule, taking into account its spectrally resolved emission
characteristics. We predict a significant local enhancement of the
fluorescence signal indicating the highly nonlinear process of N-photon absorption to exceed 5 orders of
magnitude for N = 2 and 13 orders of
magnitude for higher nonlinearity orders. Our proposed nanoantenna
offers a promising platform for the tunable enhancement of highly
nonlinear light–matter interactions.
Piezoelectrically tunable, narrow linewidth photonic integrated extended-DBR lasers
Authors: Siddharth Anat , Attanasio Alaina , Bianconi Simone , Lihachev Grigory , Zhang Junyin , Qiu Zheru , Bancora Andrea , Kenning Scott , Wang Rui Ning , Voloshin Andrey S. , Bhave Sunil A. , Riemensberger Johann , Kippenberg Tobias J.
Published: June 2024

Recent advancements in ultra-low-loss silicon nitride (Si3N4)-based photonic integrated circuits have surpassed fiber lasers in coherence and frequency agility. However, high manufacturing costs of DFB and precise control requirements, as required for self-injection locking, hinder widespread adoption. Reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers (RSOAs) provide a cost-effective alternative solution but have not yet achieved similar performance in coherence or frequency agility, as required for frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) LiDAR, laser locking in frequency metrology, or wavelength modulation spectroscopy for gas sensing. Here, we overcome this challenge and demonstrate an RSOA-based and frequency-agile fully hybrid integrated extended distributed Bragg reflector (E-DBR) laser with high-speed tuning, good linearity, high optical output power, and turn-key operability. It outperforms Vernier and self-injection locked lasers, which require up to five precise operating parameters and have limitations in continuous tuning and actuation bandwidth. We maintain a small footprint by utilizing an ultra-low-loss 200 nm thin Si3N4 platform with monolithically integrated piezoelectric actuators. We co-integrate the DBR with a compact ultra-low-loss spiral resonator to further reduce the intrinsic optical linewidth of the laser to the Hertz-level—on par with the noise of a fiber laser—via self-injection locking. The photonic integrated E-DBR lasers operate at 1550 nm and feature up to 25 mW fiber-coupled output power in the free-running and up to 10.5 mW output power in the self-injection locked state. The intrinsic linewidth is 2.5 kHz in the free-running state and as low as 3.8 Hz in the self-injection locked state. In addition, we demonstrate the suitability for FMCW LiDAR by showing laser frequency tuning over 1.0 GHz at up to 100 kHz triangular chirp rate with a nonlinearity of less than 0.6% without linearization by modulating a Bragg grating using monolithically integrated aluminum nitride (AlN) piezoactuators.
Three-Dimensional Modelling of Near-field Beam Profiles from Grating Couplers using Deep Neural Network
Authors: Lim Yu Dian , Tan Chuan Seng
Published: June 2024

Integrated silicon photonics (SiPh) gratings have been widely studied for the optical addressing of trapped ions. As the formfactor of ion traps reduces, the ion-trapping height decreases, and may unavoidably fall into the reactive near-field region of SiPh gratings. In this study, a deep neural network (DNN) modeling technique is developed as a rapid alternative to generate reactive near-field beam profiles of light coupled from SiPh gratings, as compared to the conventional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. The training of the optimized DNN model took 14 minutes, and the generation of beam profiles from the trained model took a few seconds. The time required for model training and beam profile generation is significantly faster than FDTD simulation, which may take up to 2–3 hours. The generated beam achieved accuracy values of up to 75%. Despite the relatively longer model training duration, it is possible to reuse the trained DNN model to generate beam profiles from gratings with several design variations. In short, this work demonstrates an alternative DNN-assisted technique to rapidly generate beam profiles in the reactive near-field region.
17-GHz Kerr-lens Mode-locked Monolithic Ti:Sapphire Laser
Authors: Fiehler Torben , Wittrock Ulrich
Published: June 2024

We present a self-starting Kerr-lens mode-locked monolithic Ti:sapphire laser generating nearly bandwidth-limited 196 fs pulses at 900 mW average output power with a pulse repetition rate of 16.9 GHz.
Metabolic and genetic risk factors associated with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes in Thai healthcare employees: A long-term study from the Siriraj Health (SIH) cohort study
Authors: Mongkolsucharitkul Pichanun , Surawit Apinya , Manosan Thamonwan , Ophakas Suphawan , Suta Sophida , Pinsawas Bonggochpass , Pongkunakorn Tanyaporn , Pumeiam Sureeporn , Ratanasuwan Winai , Homsanit Mayuree , Charoencholvanich Keerati , Udomphorn Yuthana , Suktitipat Bhoom , Mayurasakorn Korapat
Published: June 2024

Background

The study of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in a developing country like Thailand has rarely been conducted in long-term cohorts, especially among the working-age population. We aim to assess the prevalence and incidence of risk factors and their associations underlying NCDs, especially type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among healthcare workers enrolled in the Siriraj Health (SIH) study cohort.

Methods

The SIH study was designed as a longitudinal cohort and conducted at Siriraj hospital, Thailand. A total of 5,011 participants (77% women) were recruited and follow-up. Physical examinations, blood biochemical analyses, family history assessments, behavior evaluations, and genetics factors were assessed.

Results

The average age was 35.44±8.24 years and 51% of participants were overweight and obese. We observed that men were more likely to have a prevalence of T2DM and dyslipidemia (DLP) compared to women. Aging was significantly associated with pre-diabetes and T2DM (P<0.001). Additionally, aging, metabolic syndrome, and elevated triglycerides were associated with the development of pre-diabetes and T2DM. The minor T allele of the rs7903146(C/T) and rs4506565 (A/T) were associated with a high risk of developing pre-diabetes with odds ratios of 2.74 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32–23.3) and 2.71 (95% CI: 0.32–23.07), respectively; however, these associations were statistically insignificant (P>0.05).

Conclusion

The findings of the SIH study provide a comprehensive understanding of the health status, risk factors, and genetic factors related to T2DM in a specific working population and highlight areas for further research and intervention to address the growing burden of T2DM and NCDs.
Identifying stigmatizing language in clinical documentation: A scoping review of emerging literature
Authors: Barcelona Veronica , Scharp Danielle , Idnay Betina R. , Moen Hans , Cato Kenrick , Topaz Maxim
Published: June 2024

Background

Racism and implicit bias underlie disparities in health care access, treatment, and outcomes. An emerging area of study in examining health disparities is the use of stigmatizing language in the electronic health record (EHR).

Objectives

We sought to summarize the existing literature related to stigmatizing language documented in the EHR. To this end, we conducted a scoping review to identify, describe, and evaluate the current body of literature related to stigmatizing language and clinician notes.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Embase databases in May 2022, and also conducted a hand search of IEEE to identify studies investigating stigmatizing language in clinical documentation. We included all studies published through April 2022. The results for each search were uploaded into EndNote X9 software, de-duplicated using the Bramer method, and then exported to Covidence software for title and abstract screening.

Results

Studies (N = 9) used cross-sectional (n = 3), qualitative (n = 3), mixed methods (n = 2), and retrospective cohort (n = 1) designs. Stigmatizing language was defined via content analysis of clinical documentation (n = 4), literature review (n = 2), interviews with clinicians (n = 3) and patients (n = 1), expert panel consultation, and task force guidelines (n = 1). Natural language processing was used in four studies to identify and extract stigmatizing words from clinical notes. All of the studies reviewed concluded that negative clinician attitudes and the use of stigmatizing language in documentation could negatively impact patient perception of care or health outcomes.

Discussion

The current literature indicates that NLP is an emerging approach to identifying stigmatizing language documented in the EHR. NLP-based solutions can be developed and integrated into routine documentation systems to screen for stigmatizing language and alert clinicians or their supervisors. Potential interventions resulting from this research could generate awareness about how implicit biases affect communication patterns and work to achieve equitable health care for diverse populations.
Online soft measurement method for chemical oxygen demand based on CNN-BiLSTM-Attention algorithm
Authors: Liu Libo , Tian Xueyong , Ma Yongguang , Lu Wenxia , Luo Yuanqing
Published: June 2024

The measurement of chemical oxygen demand (COD) is very important in the process of sewage treatment. The value of COD reflects the effectiveness and trend of sewage treatment to a certain extent, but obtaining accurate data requires high cost and labor intensity. To1 solve this problem, this paper proposes an online soft measurement method for COD based on Convolutional Neural Network-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network-Attention Mechanism (CNN-BiLSTM-Attention) algorithm. Firstly, by analyzing the mechanism of the aerobic tank stage in the Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic (A2O) wastewater treatment process, the selection range of input variables was preliminarily determined, and the collected sample dataset was subjected to correlation analysis. Finally, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), and water temperature (T) were determined as input variables for soft measurement prediction of COD.Then, based on the feature extraction ability of CNN and the advantage that BiLSTM is able to capture the backward and forward dependencies in time series data, combined with the attention mechanism that can assign higher weights to the key data, a CNN-BiLSTM-Attention algorithm model was established to soft measure COD in the effluent from the aerobic zone of the A2O wastewater treatment process. At the same time, root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and coefficient of determination (R2) were utilized Three indicators were used to evaluate the model, and the results showed that the model can accurately predict the value of COD and has a high accuracy. At the same time, compared with models such as CNN-LSTM-Attention, CNN-BiLSTM, CNN-LSTM, LSTM, RNN, BP, SVM, XGBoost, and RF etc., the results showed that the CNN-BiLSTM Attention model performed the best, proving the superiority of the algorithm model.The Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicates significant differences between the CNN-BiLSTM-Attention model and other models.
Wind turbine with line-side PMSG FED DC-DC converter for voltage regulation
Authors: Reddy B. Nagi , Jalli Radhika , Prudhviraj K. Sai , Shetty K. Badrinath , Reddy Ch. Rami , Kotb Hossam , Emara Ahmed , Alruwaili Mohammed
Published: June 2024

This article represents a novel study of the design and analysis of a wind turbine system that includes a line-side permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) with an ultra-step-up DC-DC converter for voltage regulation. Integrating renewable energy sources such as wind power into the grid requires efficient and reliable power conversion systems to handle fluctuating power and ensure a stable power supply. The wind turbine system utilizes a PMSG, which offers several advantages over traditional induction generators, including higher efficiency, reduced maintenance, and better power quality. The line-side configuration allows for increased control and flexibility, allowing the system to respond dynamically to grid conditions. This wind turbine system involves the integration of a grid-side PMSG-fed DC-DC converter between the PMSG and the grid. The converter enables a seamless flow of electricity between the wind turbine and the grid. By actively controlling the intermediate circuit voltage, the converter efficiently regulates the output voltage of the wind turbine and thus enables constant power generation regardless of fluctuating wind speeds. The simulation outcomes illustrate the efficacy of the proposed system in achieving voltage regulation and seamless integration with the grid. Performance is evaluated under various operating conditions and compared to conventional wind turbines.
Significant effect of image contrast enhancement on weld defect detection
Authors: Mustafa Wan Azani , Yazid Haniza , Alquran Hiam , Al-Issa Yazan , Junaini Syahrul
Published: June 2024

Weld defect inspection is an essential aspect of testing in industries field. From a human viewpoint, a manual inspection can make appropriate justification more difficult and lead to incorrect identification during weld defect detection. Weld defect inspection uses X-radiography testing, which is now mostly outdated. Recently, numerous researchers have utilized X-radiography digital images to inspect the defect. As a result, for error-free inspection, an autonomous weld detection and classification system are required. One of the most difficult issues in the field of image processing, particularly for enhancing image quality, is the issue of contrast variation and luminosity. Enhancement is carried out by adjusting the brightness of the dark or bright intensity to boost segmentation performance and image quality. To equalize contrast variation and luminosity, many different approaches have recently been put forth. In this research, a novel approach called Hybrid Statistical Enhancement (HSE), which is based on a direct strategy using statistical data, is proposed. The HSE method divided each pixel into three groups, the foreground, border, and problematic region, using the mean and standard deviation of a global and local neighborhood (luminosity and contrast). To illustrate the impact of the HSE method on the segmentation or detection stage, the datasets, specifically the weld defect image, were used. Bernsen and Otsu’s methods are the two segmentation techniques utilized. The findings from the objective and visual elements demonstrated that the HSE approach might automatically improve segmentation output while effectively enhancing contrast variation and normalizing luminosity. In comparison to the Homomorphic Filter (HF) and Difference of Gaussian (DoG) approaches, the segmentation results for HSE images had the lowest result according to Misclassification Error (ME). After being applied to the HSE images during the segmentation stage, every quantitative result showed an increase. For example, accuracy increased from 64.171 to 84.964. In summary, the application of the HSE method has resulted in an effective and efficient outcome for background correction as well as improving the quality of images.
Improved calculation method for dry modal analysis of four-stage centrifugal-pump rotor system based on concentrated-mass method
Authors: Li Jingkuan , Wei Yanxia , Gao Hongbin , Song Xiaomei , Jia Zhuofan
Published: June 2024

To improve the accuracy of modal analysis for a four-stage centrifugal-pump rotor system with a balancing disc based on the concentrated-mass analytical method, a simplified concentrated mass mathematical model and an ANSYS simulation model are established. The results from these two models are compared to determine factors that cause significant differences in the mode shapes. Subsequently, an optimized mathematical model based on the corrected mass moment of an inertia matrix and stiffness correction coefficients is proposed, and the effectiveness of this optimized mathematical model is validated using a four-stage centrifugal pump with back blades. The results show that the natural frequencies obtained from the ANSYS simulations are consistently higher than those obtained using the analytical method. The simplification of the moment of inertia at the impeller and balancing disc contributes primarily to the calculated errors. The optimized mathematical model reduces the errors in the natural frequencies from 12.96%, 12.13%, 9.96%, 5.85%, and 8.74% to 2.45%, 1.56%, 0.65%, 5.34%, and 2.28%, respectively. The optimization of natural frequencies offers better performance at lower-order modes, whereas its effects on higher-order modes are less significant. The optimization method is applicable to centrifugal pumps with back blades and reduces the error in theoretical calculations, based on reductions in the concentrated mass from 13.11%, 12.85%, 9.91%, and 7.2% to 3.7%, 3.86%, 0.57%, and 2.87%, respectively, thus further confirming the feasibility of the optimized model design.
Association between awareness and knowledge of medication-overuse headache with medication-taking behavior among adults with migraine
Authors: Bailey Stacy C. , Pack Allison P. , Zuleta Andrea , Huang Wei , Herman Melissa P. , Kymes Steven M. , Fiore Damian , Curran Yvonne
Published: June 2024

Frequent use of pain relief medications among patients with migraine can result in disease worsening and medication-overuse headache (MOH), a painful and debilitating condition. We sought to conduct a cross-sectional survey among adult patients diagnosed with migraine to determine: 1) their awareness of MOH, and 2) their knowledge of the condition and its prevention, and 3) the association of these factors with actual use of pain relief medications. We recruited and interviewed 200 English-speaking adults with migraine who had a clinic visit with a neurologist or primary care provider within the past month. Patients were identified via an electronic health record query. Almost 40% of participants had never heard of the term ‘medication-overuse headache.’ In bivariate analyses, participants who were Black or Hispanic and those with limited health literacy were less likely to have heard of MOH. Participants scored an average of 2.1 (range: 0–3) on a MOH knowledge measure; older participants, those with limited health literacy, lower education, and little or no migraine-related disability demonstrated less knowledge. Almost a third (31.5%) of patients reported overusing pain relief medication and were at risk for MOH. Overuse was not significantly associated with MOH awareness, knowledge, or sociodemographic factors, but was related to greater migraine-related disability. Our findings suggest that patient awareness and knowledge of MOH is suboptimal, particularly among older adults, racial and ethnic minority groups, and those with limited health literacy. Interventions are needed to prevent MOH and better inform patients about risks associated with frequent use of pain relief medications.
Sensitivity analysis of heat and mass transfer at working face in high-temperature mine
Authors: Zhou Hang , Zhang Xiangdong , Zhang Shuguang
Published: June 2024

Thermal damage from heat sources severely affects the safety of deep mine production. Heat and mass transfer between heat sources and airflow leads to the increase of the airflow temperature (AFT), moisture content of airflow (AFMC) and relative humidity of airflow (AFRH). This study aims to quantify uncertainty contributions of the working face parameters on AFT, AFMC and AFRH and find their main contributors. The flow, geometric and physical parameters are chosen as uncertainty sources. Subsequently, Sobol indices are obtained using the point-collocation non-intrusive polynomial chaos method, denoting the sensitivity of each input parameter. It was found that the inflow wind temperature and the wind velocity are two top factors influencing AFT and AFMC, while relative humidity of inflow wind and the wind velocity are two top factors influencing AFRH. In the single factor analysis, the uncertainty contributions of the inflow wind temperature on AFT and AFMC, and relative humidity of inflow wind on AFRH can exceed 0.7, which is higher than those of the wind velocity. The geometric parameters of the working face, namely the length, width and height, and ventilation time are also significant quantities influencing AFT, AFMC and AFRH. Compared to AFT and AFMC, two other significant quantities influencing AFRH are the thermal conductivity of coal and the original temperature of the rock.
Predictors of post-pericardiotomy syndrome after native valve-sparing aortic valve surgery
Authors: Holst Theresa , Müller Lisa , Abdelmoteleb Noureldin , Stock Sina , Sequeira Gross Tatiana M. , Girdauskas Evaldas
Published: June 2024

Background

We aimed to determine the rate and impact of post-pericardiotomy syndrome after native valve-sparing aortic valve surgery and the perioperative factors associated with its occurrence.

Methods

All consecutive patients who underwent native valve-sparing aortic valve surgery (i.e., repair ± ascending aorta replacement, valve-sparing root replacement, Ross procedure ± ascending aorta replacement) at our institution between January 2021 and August 2023 served as our study population. Post-pericardiotomy syndrome was diagnosed if patients showed at least two of the following diagnostic criteria: evidence of (I) new/worsening pericardial effusion, or (II) new/worsening pleural effusions, (III) pleuritic chest pain, (IV) fever or (V) elevated inflammatory markers without alternative causes. A logistic regression model was calculated.

Results

During the study period, 91 patients underwent native valve-sparing aortic valve surgery. A total of 21 patients (23%) developed post-pericardiotomy syndrome early after surgery (PPS group). The remaining 70 patients (77%) showed no signs of post-pericardiotomy syndrome (non-PPS group). Multivariate logistic regression revealed blood type O (OR: 3.15, 95% CI: 1.06–9.41, p = 0.040), valve-sparing root replacement (OR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.01–9.59, p = 0.048) and peak C-reactive protein >15 mg/dl within 48 hours postoperatively (OR: 4.27, 95% CI: 1.05–17.29, p = 0.042) as independent risk factors. 73% (8/11) of patients displaying all three risk factors, 60% (9/15) of patients with blood type O and valve-sparing root replacement, 52% (11/21) of patients with blood type O and early postoperative peak C-reactive protein >15 mg/dl and 45% (13/29) of patients with early postoperative peak C-reactive protein >15 mg/dl and valve-sparing root replacement developed post-pericardiotomy syndrome.

Conclusion

In summary, blood type O, valve-sparing root replacement and peak C-reactive protein >15 mg/dl within 48 hours postoperatively are significantly associated with post-pericardiotomy syndrome after native valve-sparing aortic valve surgery. Particularly, the presence of all three risk factors is linked to a particularly high risk of post-pericardiotomy syndrome.
Implementing a social prescribing program in primary care units in Portugal: A qualitative study exploring enablers, barriers and lessons learned from the perspectives of stakeholders involved in the program implementation
Authors: Hoffmeister Louíse Viecili , Gama Ana , Gonçalves Barbara , Figueiredo Cristiano , Cordeiro João V. , Polley Marie , Souto de Moura Gisela , Dias Sónia
Published: June 2024

Social prescribing (SP) is a promising intersectoral strategy of integrated and person-centered care that can improve individual health and well-being by going beyond medical treatment, potentially reducing overall disease burden on health system. SP addresses health and social determinants of health by linking patients to community responses, i.e. services and initiatives fostering social interaction, physical activity and creativity, among other health-promoting aspects, provided by local public, private, and non-profit entities. There is limited research on the implementation processes of SP beyond the UK, hindering improvement and scale-up. This study aims to identify enablers and barriers of implementation of an SP program conducted in Portugal. A participatory and qualitative approach was used to assess the implementation of an SP program in health units. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with family doctors, social workers and representatives of community partners who participated in SP implementation. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to conduct thematic analysis. The main enablers of SP implementation included its recognition as an evolution towards a holistic model of health, the personal characteristics of professionals as being proactive, motivated, and concerned with social determinants of health, and the communication strategy used to engage the stakeholders. Perceived challenges included raising users’ awareness of SP and ensuring intervention adherence. Lack of preparedness for intersectoral working processes, including insufficient communication channels, limited community responses and the need for a more systematic collection of data on activities adherence and progress were also highlighted as barriers to SP implementation. SP implementation seems simple, but the results show that in practice, we are facing a complex intervention with multiple stakeholders, diverse community responses and factors influencing project success. A deeper understanding of SP specificities, local context, enablers, and barriers is vital to develop strategies for improvement and successful implementation, ensuring scalability and sustainability.
Theatricality of the Closet: Fashion, Performance, and Subjectivity between Victorian Britain and Meiji Japan, Michelle Liu Carriger (2023)
Authors: Halliday Rebecca
Published: June 2024

Review of: Theatricality of the Closet: Fashion, Performance, and Subjectivity between Victorian Britain and Meiji Japan, Michelle Liu Carriger (2023)

Chicago, IL: Northwestern University Press, 264 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-81014-590-0, h/bk, $100.00

ISBN 978-0-81014-589-4, p/bk, $38.00

ISBN 978-0-81014-591-7, e-book, $38.00
Participación comunitaria en barrios desfavorecidos: una investigación participativa mediante photovoice
Authors: Espadas-Alcázar Mª Ángeles , Amezcua Aguilar Teresa
Published: June 2024

Introducción. De acuerdo con el planteamiento de que la participación comunitaria y la inclusión social favorecen la cohesión social y contribuyen a mejorar la vida de los barrios vulnerables, se diseñó un proyecto de investigación en dos zonas de la ciudad de Jaén (Andalucía), catalogadas por la administración pública como desfavorecidas. El objetivo general planteó desarrollar un proceso comunitario articulado en tres líneas: a) favorecer la participación y reflexión colectiva de la población de esas dos áreas de la ciudad; b) hacer visible la realidad de esos barrios sin contribuir a su estigmatización; c) elaborar propuestas de mejora y trasladarlas a los responsables de las políticas públicas. Metodología.  El diseño siguió el enfoque de las metodologías participativas, utilizándose el método photovoice para la producción y análisis de narrativas audiovisuales, el diagnóstico social de la comunidad, la identificación de nudos temáticos e ideas-fuerza y la elaboración de propuestas para trasladar a los decisores políticos. Desarrollo y etapas. El proceso se llevó a cabo entre septiembre de 2019 y abril de 2021. 320 personas (vecinos/as, decisores políticos, profesionales del ámbito socioeducativo y estudiantes universitarias) participaron con diferentes niveles de implicación en alguna de las fases y actividades desarrolladas. Resultados El proceso incrementó los niveles de participación ciudadana, impulsó la acción colectiva comunitaria, la constitución de nuevos espacios de diálogo crítico, dio a conocer la realidad de estos barrios al resto de la ciudad y abrió un nuevo espacio de negociación con las autoridades locales logrando una relativa incidencia política. Discusión. En la última parte del trabajo, a partir de las lecciones aprendidas en el desarrollo del proyecto, se presenta una valoración y discusión sobre la implementación y retos metodológicos del photovoice, y sobre la utilidad de este método para impulsar procesos participativos, favorecer el empoderamiento y la inclusión relacional de las comunidades vulnerables consiguiendo incidencia política. Conclusiones. Finalmente, se concluye con una reflexión más general sobre el papel de los enfoques post-positivistas y de la investigación participativa en la intervención comunitaria, en el sentido de que aportan elementos valiosos para la inclusión al promover un tipo de conocimiento (en la línea de la justicia epistémica) en el que, a través de la horizontalidad, la reflexión colectiva y la participación de la ciudadanía, se pueden conseguir soluciones consensuadas a problemas sociales, políticos y económicos que mejoren la vida de las personas y de sus comunidades.
Pasado y presente de las armas químicas: consecuencias para la vida y el medio ambiente
Authors: Cantero Berlanga Manuel Damián , Méndez Rocasolano María
Published: June 2024

Las armas químicas han sido utilizadas a lo largo de la Historia con devastadores efectos en la población civil y el medio ambiente. Esta investigación abordará el tratamiento que reciben las armas químicas, su origen, clasificación y regulación en la Convención sobre Armas Químicas (CWC), así como sus efectos en la población y en el medioambiente. Este sistema busca así establecer un régimen de control con la finalidad de prevenir la proliferación de este tipo de sustancias, así como regular su comercio entre los Estados Parte. A continuación, se explorarán los métodos utilizados para la destrucción de las armas químicas y su eliminación segura. Por último, se advertirá sobre el impacto ambiental de las armas químicas y sus efectos devastadores, tales como la contaminación del suelo y de las aguas subterráneas o en la flora y la fauna de la zona.
Explorando las huellas digitales de los criptoactivos mediante fuentes abiertas
Authors: Díaz Bernardos Ana
Published: June 2024

El uso de los criptoactivos ha experimentado un notorio aumento en los últimos años, introduciendo consigo una serie de conceptos novedosos en la economía española. Este fenómeno ha permitido a los usuarios operar de nuevas formas, lo que entraña una serie de ventajas y riesgos inherentes que deberían conocer. Las ventajas asociadas a estos activos financieros han supuesto un reclamo que ha hecho que cada vez más individuos hagan uso de los mismos. Esta atracción se ha traducido en una mayor presencia de los criptoactivos en las investigaciones policiales, utilizados como medio de pago, promocionados como inversiones con rendimientos rápidos e incluso utilizados en operativas de blanqueo de capitales procedentes de todo tipo de delitos. La versatilidad en su utilización y su cada vez más marcada presencia en la sociedad plantea desafíos significativos para las autoridades, que deben, sin limitar las oportunidades legítimas que los criptoactivos pueden ofrecer, adaptar su legislación para salvaguardar a la población frente a los posibles riesgos asociados a los criptoactivos y fomentar su uso responsable y seguro. En este sentido, las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad están en la obligación de proteger a los ciudadanos en este nuevo ámbito virtual que se presenta.
Fully nonlinear degenerate equations with applications to Grad equations
Authors: Oza Priyank
Published: June 2024

We consider a class of degenerate elliptic fully nonlinear equations with applications to Grad equations:

{

|

D
u

|

γ

M

λ
,
Λ

+

(

D
2

u
(
x
)

)

=
f

(

|

u
≥
u
(
x
)

|

)

 in 
Ω

u
=
g

 on 
∂
Ω
,

where
γ
≥
1
is a constant,
Ω
is a bounded domain in

R

N

with

C

1
,
1

boundary. We prove the existence of a

W

2
,
p

-viscosity solution to the above equation, which degenerates when the gradient of the solution vanishes.
A remark on energy balance of the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Wu Fan
Published: June 2024

In this short note, we provide a self-contained proof for the criterion
∇
u
∈

L

5
2

(
0
,
T
;

L
2

(

R

3

)
)

to Navier–Stokes equations energy balance, which improves some recent results on this problem.
Tightening Poincaré–Bendixson theory after counting separately the fixed points on the boundary and interior of a planar region
Authors: Ramazi Pouria , Cao Ming , Scherpen Jacquelien M. A.
Published: June 2024

This paper tightens the classical Poincaré–Bendixson theory for a positively invariant, simply-connected compact set

M

in a continuously differentiable planar vector field by further characterizing for any point
p
∈

M

, the composition of the limit sets
ω
(
p
)

and
α
(
p
)

after counting separately the fixed points on

M

's boundary and interior. In particular, when

M

contains finitely many boundary but no interior fixed points,
ω
(
p
)

contains only a single fixed point, and when

M

may have infinitely many boundary but no interior fixed points,
ω
(
p
)

can, in addition, be a continuum of fixed points. When

M

contains only one interior and finitely many boundary fixed points,
ω
(
p
)

or
α
(
p
)

contains exclusively a fixed point, a closed orbit or the union of the interior fixed point and homoclinic orbits joining it to itself. When

M

contains in general a finite number of fixed points and neither
ω
(
p
)

nor
α
(
p
)

is a closed orbit or contains just a fixed point, at least one of
ω
(
p
)

and
α
(
p
)

excludes all boundary fixed points and consists only of a number of the interior fixed points and orbits connecting them.
Well-posedness and controllability of a nonlinear
system for surface waves
Authors: Montes Alex Manuel , Córdoba Ricardo
Published: June 2024

In this paper we study the well-posedness for the periodic Cauchy problem and the internal controllability of a one-dimensional system that describes the propagation of long water waves with small amplitude in the presence of surface tension. The well-posedness is proved by using the Fourier transform restriction method and the controllability is proved by using the moment method.
Dupilumab Improves Health-Related Quality of Life and a Range of Symptoms in Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Spergel Jonathan M. , Chehade Mirna , Dellon Evan S. , Bredenoord Albert J. , Sun Xian , Glotfelty Lila , Shabbir Arsalan , Tilton Sarette T. , McCann Eilish
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Improvements in symptomatic experience and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are among the most important treatment benefits in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We assessed the impact of dupilumab treatment on HRQoL, patients' impression of dysphagia, and symptoms beyond dysphagia in adults/adolescents (≥12 years) with EoE in parts A and B of the LIBERTY EoE TREET (NCT03633617) study.

METHODS:

The EoE Symptom Questionnaire (EoE-SQ; frequency and severity of nondysphagia symptoms), EoE Impact Questionnaire (impact of EoE on HRQoL), and Patient Global Impression of Severity and Patient Global Impression of Change of dysphagia were used to assess the efficacy of weekly dupilumab 300 mg vs placebo.

RESULTS:

At week 24, dupilumab reduced EoE-SQ Frequency (least squares mean difference vs placebo [95% confidence interval] part A −1.7 [–2.9, −0.5], part B −1.4 [–2.3, −0.5]; both P < 0.01) and EoE-SQ Severity (part A −2.0 [–3.9, 0.0], P < 0.05, part B −1.5 [–3.0, 0.1], P = 0.07) overall scores, and improved scores across all individual items. Improvement in the dupilumab group was clinically meaningful to patients. Dupilumab also meaningfully improved EoE Impact Questionnaire average scores and improved individual item scores at week 24, particularly emotional and sleep disturbance. More dupilumab-treated patients reported improvement in the Patient Global Impression of Change of dysphagia vs placebo or reported having no symptoms per the Patient Global Impression of Severity of dysphagia at week 24.

DISCUSSION:

Dupilumab reduced the impact of EoE on multiple aspects of HRQoL, patients' impression of dysphagia, and frequency and severity of symptoms beyond dysphagia in adults/adolescents with EoE.
Navigating Controversy and Hot Topics in Required Diversity Courses
Authors: Miller Ryan , Struve Laura , Murray Morgan , Tompkins Alex
Published: June 2024

Required undergraduate diversity courses often expose students to topics and worldviews which may push them out of their comfort zones and prompt dissonance and even resistance. This paper reports on interviews with 68 faculty members at five predominantly white institutions in the Southern United States, detailing how they navigated discussion of controversial and “hot” topics in required diversity courses. Most instructors evidenced a critical-functionalist perspective in their approaches, as they aimed to expose students to critical social issues, yet were concerned that resistance could disturb the learning process. Primary strategies for handling hot topics in class included proactively establishing community and safety and normalizing conflict, and reactively acknowledging and surfacing multiple perspectives, as well as connecting content to students’ lived experiences. Some instructors also reported a lack of controversy or conflict in their classrooms, which they variously attributed to student characteristics or their own disinclination to promote heated discussion. We conclude the paper with implications for faculty, educational developers, administrators, and institutions.
Philosophy cannot ground science: the unjustifieduseof consciousness in the scientific field
Authors: Villamor Iglesias Alejandro
Published: June 2024

Para muchos, la puesta en cuestión de la consciencia fenoménica es absurdo puesto que la distinción entre apariencia y realidad no se aplica a ella. Muchos científicos cognitivos y neurocientíficos aceptan la existencia de la consciencia en virtud de tal razonamiento. El presente trabajo cuestiona la justificación de este hecho. La consciencia es un concepto cuyo significado científico proviene de la filosofía o del lenguaje coloquial. A partir de ello, concluye que la “naturaleza autoevidente de la consciencia” no es una afirmación científica válida. Esta asunción filosófica descansa en un error categorial en el uso científico del lenguaje.