bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HALAL FOOD PADA HIDANGAN NASI GORENG DI KECAMATAN SUKASARI BANDUNG
Authors: Islami Ajeng Fatimah Noor , Yogha Sudewi , Karpin Karpin
Published: March 2021

Halal food merupakan hidangan maupun minuman yang boleh dikonsumsi menurut syariat Islam. Pada proses pengolahan, pemilihan bahan, tempat penyimpanan, sumber bahan baku yang digunakan harus berasal dari yang dibolehkan syariat Islam serta terhindar dari najis. Nasi goreng merupakan hidangan yang sangat digemari oleh masyarakat, namun banyak penjual yang masih menggunakan bahan dan bumbu yang tidak halal. Tingkat pengetahuan mengenai halal food merupakan faktor yang menentukan penjual menggunakan bahan-bahan tidak halal. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena sesuai dengan undang-undang no. 33 tahun 2014 mengenai jaminan produk halal dan pada tahun 2019 semua produk pangan wajib bersertifikat halal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk memperoleh data mengenai sejauh mana pemahaman para penjual nasi goreng mengenai halal food, serta pemaham para penjual nasi goreng mengenai pemilihan bahan dan bumbu halal. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu kuantitatif dengan melakukan survey dan instrument berupa test. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan para penjual nasi goreng yang berada di kecamatan Sukasari menguasai pengetahuan halal food. Sedangkan untuk pengetahuan dalam memilih bahan dan bumbu yang digunakan pada hidangan nasi goreng, penjual nasi goreng menguasai pengetahuan bahan dan bumbu halal. Namun kurangnya kesadaran mengenai halal food membuat para penjual tetap menggunakan bumbu-bumbu yang non halal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diharapkan para penjual dapat lebih meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran mengenai halal food agar makanan yang disajikan terjamin status kehalalannya, serta untuk para konsumen lebih berhati-hati dalam memilih hidangan yang akan dikonsumsi, dan untuk lembaga terkait diharapkan mampu meningkatkan sosialiasasi kepada masyarakat mengenai pangan halal
DAYA TERIMA KONSUMEN TERHADAP CITARASA ES KRIM BUAH KAWISTA (LIMONIA ACIDISSIMA)
Authors: Manzalina Nur , Sufiat Suryati , Kamal Rahmi
Published: March 2021

Es krim buah kawista merupakan olahan susu dengan menambahkan kawista dan bahan lainnya kemudian dimixer sampai halus dan lembut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Menstandarisasikan resep es krim buah kawista melalui uji organoleptik (warna, aroma, tekstur, dan rasa), (2) mengetahui daya terima konsumen terhadap es krim buah kawista. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah uji pengamatan (Sensory Evaluation) yang dilakukan oleh 5 narasumber dan uji penerimaan (Acceptability Test) yang dilakukan oleh 30 panelis konsumen. Data dari uji pengamatan dianalisis dengan cara mengetahui nilai rata-rata (mean) yang diperoleh dari narasumber, sedangkan data dari uji penerimaan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis varian (anava) satu jalur yang diperoleh dari panelis konsumen. Apabila ada pengaruh signifkan maka dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD0,05. Berdasarkan hasil uji pengamatan oleh narasumber diketahui bahwa, es krim dengan penambahan buah kawista 100 gr (40%) yang disukai adalah pada perlakuan kedua dengan kode NM024 ditinjau dari segi warna warna coklat muda dengan nilai rata-rata (24,2), aroma sangat khas buah kawista dengan nilai rata-rata (24,6), tekstur yang lembut dan halus dengan nilai rata-rata (24,8) dan rasa yang manis dengan nilai rata-rata (24,4). Berdasarkan hasil uji penerimaan panelis konsumen diketahui bahwa es krim dengan penambahan buah kawista 100 gr (40%) yang disukai adalah pada perlakuan kedua dengan kode NM024 ditinjau segi warna warna coklat muda dengan nilai rata-rata (4,23), aroma sangat khas buah kawista dengan nilai rata-rata (4,16), tekstur yang lembut dan halus dengan nilai rata-rata (4,26) dan rasa yang manis dengan nilai rata-rata (4,33). Hipotesis membuktikan bahwa H1 dapat diterima, karena ada pengaruh penambahan buah kawista terhadap tingkat penerimaan kosumen baik ditinjau dari segi warna, aroma, tekstur, dan rasa.
Question Generator System of Sentence Completion in TOEFL Using NLP and K-Nearest Neighbor
Authors: Riza Lala Septem , Pertiwi Anita Dyah , Rahman Eka Fitrajaya , Munir Munir , Abdullah Cep Ubad
Published: March 2021

Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is one of learning evaluation forms that requires excellent quality of questions. Preparing TOEFL questions using a conventional way certainly spends a lot of time. Computer technology can be used to solve the problem. Therefore, this research was conducted in order to solve the problem of making TOEFL questions with sentence completion type. The built system consists of several stages: (1) input data collection from foreign media news sites with excellent English grammar quality; (2) preprocessing with Natural Language Processing (NLP); (3) Part of Speech (POS) tagging; (4) question feature extraction; (5) separation and selection of news sentences; (6) determination and value collection of seven features; (7) conversion of categorical data value; (8) target classification of blank position word with K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN); (9) heuristic determination of rules from human experts; and (10) options selection or distraction based on heuristic rules. After conducting the experiment on 10 news, it is obtained that 20 questions based on the results of the evaluation showed that the generated questions had a very good quality with percentage of 81.93% (after the assessment by the human expert), and 70% was the same blank position from the historical data of TOEFL questions. So, it can be concluded that the generated question has the following characteristics: the quality of the result follows the data training from the historical TOEFL questions, and the quality of the distraction is very good because it is derived from the heuristics of human experts.
Performance and Energy Consumption Evaluation of Rotating Biological Contactor for Domestic Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Waqas Sharjeel , Bilad Muhammad Roil , Man Zakaria B
Published: March 2021

Biological processes are extensively used for wastewater treatment because of low organic footprint, economically feasible, and high treatment efficiency. Rotating biological contactors (RBC), an attached growth biological process offers advantage of low operating cost, simple configuration and structure, reduced bionomical footprint and thus has been extensively employed for organics and nitrogen removal. In this study, RBC was used for the treatment of synthetic domestic wastewater operating at high hydraulic and organic loading rate to demonstrate the biological performance. The results showed that the RBC achieved a treatment efficiency for COD, ammonium, TN and turbidity of 70.2%, 95.2%, 70%, and 78.9 %, respectively. The efficient nitrogen removal and increased nitrate concentration signify the presence of nitrifying bacteria which actively degrade the nitrogen compounds through the nitrification process. Thus, this system is a sound alternative for both domestic and industrial wastewater treatment for decentralized applications.
Increasing the yield of coarse coal fractions in shearing
Authors: Nguyen V. S. , Nguyen K. L. , Lykov Yu. V.
Published: March 2021

Coal is one of the most valued minerals which are important to advance the power engineering, metallurgy, chemistry and other industries in Vietnam. The complex structure of coal seams increases mining expenses and decreases extractability of coal. For this reason, it is of the current concern in Vietnam to improve and intensify low-technology coal production at the preset face output, specific energy consumption, grain size composition and rate of coal extraction. An emphasis is currently laid on an increase in coal production. By 2030 it is planned to double the coal output versus the present-day level. In the country, coal is predominantly cut by drum shearers, which, aside from considerable power input, requires much material and labor to suppress explosive coal dust. Enhancement of productivity, improvement of gain size composition, as well as reduction in energy input and dust generation are possible in case of application of integrated measures including design improvement of cutters and loaders, cutter patterns, etc. The authors have implemented appropriate studies and developed an approach to shear design and operation optimization.
Development of a domestic methodology for assessing the risks of acid effluent formation during storage and use of wastes from coal mining and processing
Authors: Gushchina T. O. , Sokolovskaya E. E. , Jie Hao , Epshtein S. A.
Published: March 2021

It is shown that the main ecologically significant characteristics of wastes from mining and processing of coal, which are considered when assessing their impact on the environment, are the indicators reflecting the risks of acidic water formation and leaching of macro- and microelements from rocks. A review of the methods used abroad to determine the risks of formation of acidic effluents during storage or use of wastes is carried out. It is shown that at present in the Russian Federation there is no regulatory support for assessing this indicator in wastes from mining, processing and combustion of coals. It is noted that for a preliminary assessment of the risks of acidic wastewater drainage, the most common method for determining the neutralization potential of waste is the so-called A. Sobek static test (ABA). The main stages of the development of the domestic method for determining the potential of neutralization in waste are presented and its approbation is carried out on existing research objects. The developed methodology takes into account the main provisions of the classical method for determining the neutralization potential of A. Sobek and makes additions to the procedure for testing of the samples, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the obtained results and extend the domestic methodology not only to wastes from mining and benefication of coals, but also to wastes from combustion and processing of coal, such as fly ash, slag and ash and slag wastes. The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Grant No. 19-35-90117.
Acoustic waste water clarification practices
Authors: Bakharev S. A.
Published: March 2021

The article covers the problems of reagent-free clarification of circulating and waste waters of enterprises with their production sites located in valleys of spawning rivers in the environmentally-sensitive northern territories. It is shown that horizontal sumps, widely used at mining enterprises due to their low construction and operation costs, fail to ensure the production and environmental indicators required in the current conditions. The article analyses the results of 20 years of application in the Russian Federation and the countries of the Asia-Pacific region of the complex acoustic method (CAM), based on the mechanisms of coagulation of fine particles, forced sedimentation of initial and coagulated particles, as well as sludge thickening and dewatering. The advantages and limitations are shown for the CAM method, developed by the author of the article and based on the principles of: complexity, with the use of the laws of linear and nonlinear acoustics; acoustic impact on the water system for the purpose of acoustic degassing of water; acoustic coagulation of fine suspended solids (and subsequent gravity sedimentation of the newly formed aggregates); acoustic (forced) sedimentation of the original and previously acoustically coagulated suspended solids; acoustic thickening of sludge in sumps and acoustic dewater ing of sludge at depositing sites with drainage systems; the cascade (boundary) nature of acoustic impacts on the water system in the main water catchers, sumps, etc. The specific behavior of processes under a complex acoustic impact ensures their high productivity and low power consumption values (unattainable by any other methods) and the required environmental safety in the special conditions of the Far North and the Far East.
Geçmişten Günümüze Serbest Zaman Çalışmalarının Bibliyometrik Analizi: Journal of Leisure Research Örneği
Authors: YERLİSU LAPA Tennur , KÖSE Elif
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı serbest zaman alanında yayım yapan Journal of Leisure Research dergisinin 1970-2019 yılları arasında yayımladığı 1134 çalışmayı bibliyometrik açıdan incelemektir. Bibliyometrik çalışmalar araştırmacılara önemli eserler, alana yön veren araştırmacılar, çalışma trendleri ve alandaki boşluklar hakkında önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda dergide yayımlanan makalelerin yılları, yayın sayıları ve yayın dillerine göre dağılımları, atıf analizleri, ülke iş birliktelikleri, ortak atıf ağları ve kavram-konu yönelimleri incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre ABD’nin ülke iş birlikteliklerinde kilit rol oynadığı, en fazla atıf patlamasına sahip olan ülkenin Kanada olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Alana yön veren en önemli çalışma ise Jackson ve diğ.’ne (1993) aittir. Journal of Leisure Research’te ön plana çıkan konu kümesinin “psikolojik yapı” olduğu, çalışmaların özet ve anahtar kelimeler kısmında en çok yer alan kelimenin ise “serbest zaman” olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmanın alan yazındaki boşluklar hakkında önemli bilgiler sunacağı ve gelecekteki eğilimlerin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
HISTORICAL HERITAGE AS A CULTURAL RESOURCE. INTEGRATION OF THE NEW OBJECT INTO THE STRUCTURE OF A UNIQUE ARCHITECTURAL COMPLEX IN LALIBELA, ETHIOPIA. TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
Authors: MALAKHOV Sergey A. , MAMO Kalkidan Addisu
Published: March 2021

The study is based on the material from an experiment on the renovation of a historical heritage complex in Lalibela, Ethiopia. The unique properties of rock architecture of churches created in the structure of rocky massifs, starting from the X and XI centuries, are supplemented by the specifi c character of folk construction of adjacent sett lements, using the technology of earthen structures. An important factor in the ongoing experiment to study the complex and (also to)build a hotel, the object of a developing tourist infrastructure, is the careful study of traditional technologies and environmental aspects, including climatic characteristics of the area, sources of energy supply, and relationships with the local community.
Recursos para el relieve de inicios y cierres en la columna lingüístico-periodística
Authors: Cortés Rodríguez Luis
Published: March 2021

Sabemos que el género columna periodística se presenta con una gran libertad de disposición y estilo, lo que dificulta en gran manera, dada esta diversidad, cualquier intento de regulación formal. No obstante, tras considerar una de las orientaciones sugeridas por las coordinadoras de este volumen monográfico –la que se refiere a los recursos expresivos y a las estructuras lingüístico-discursivas utilizadas en los textos periodísticos–, concebimos la posibilidad de analizar algunos aspectos que sirvieran para regular, de algún modo, las ciento dos columnas que, sobre cuestiones lingüísticas, fueron recogidas en el libro El habla nuestra de cada día (Cortés, 2019). El análisis de tales columnas mostró desde un primer momento dos ideas destacadas: a) la preocupación del autor por el relieve de inicios y cierres, y b) la repetición constante de los diferentes recursos empleados en ambas secuencias a lo largo de las columnas. El artículo analiza detenidamente cuáles fueron esos recursos y su función.
Interferencias entre asturiano y castellano en textos notariales asturianos del siglo XVII
Authors: Pérez Toral Marta
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es dilucidar el grado de castellanización y la posible la pervivencia de rasgos autóctonos propios de la oralidad local asturiana a partir de un importante número de documentos notariales asturianos del siglo XVII. El corpus está constituido por documentos originales, manuscritos e inéditos que recogen relaciones de bienes materiales (testamentos, cartas de arras, inventarios, donaciones, etc.).
¿Qué significa "escribir en Maryse Condé"?
Authors: Alonso Moreno Martha Asunción
Published: March 2021

Resulta obligado, con el fin de aprehender la especificidad del universo de la narradora guadalupeña Maryse Condé (Pointe-à-Pitre, 1937), abordar el estudio de la lengua propia empleada en sus trabajos. Así parece sugerirlo, de hecho, la propia autora, al repetir incansable en entrevistas concedidas desde los años 80 hasta la actualidad una máxima que ya se ha hecho célebre en el panorama francófono literario: “Ni escribo en francés, ni escribo en criollo: escribo en Maryse Condé” (Pfaff, 2016, 64).  Pero, ¿qué significa, más allá de la exitosa metáfora, “escribir en Maryse Condé”? En un plano primeramente formal, ¿qué caracteriza a esa lengua de creación personal e intransferible? Y, en segundo lugar, ¿qué bagaje político vehiculan esos rasgos lingüísticos únicos? Estas serán las principales preguntas para las que intentaremos ofrecer elementos de eventual respuesta a lo largo del presente artículo.Con tal fin, acometeremos el estudio empírico de los créolismes condeanos más recurrentes en un corpus de obras representativas de la producción narrativa de Maryse Condé, clasificándolos en categorías semánticas y analizando las implicaciones simbólicas de las mismas.
Vitamin status of patients with certain chronic non-communicable diseases
Authors: Sharafetdinov Khaider Kh. , Kodentsova Vera M. , Vrzhesinskaya Oksana A. , Kosheleva Olga V. , Beketova Nina A. , Leonenko Svetlana N. , Plotnikova Oxana A. , Pilipenko Pilipenko , Gapparova Kamilat M. , Pilipenko Vladimir I. , Derbeneva Svetlana A.
Published: March 2021

Background. Inadequate supply with vitamins is a risk factor for the development of many nutritionally-related diseases and their progression. Data on the actual vitamin status of patients are necessary to develop measures for its improvement. Aim. To characterize the supply of persons with non-communicable diseases with vitamins A, E, C, B2 and -carotene by determining their level in the blood of patients. Material and methods. The blood serum level of vitamins C, A, E, B2 and -carotene in 138 patients (41 men and 97 women) 2280 years old with cardiovascular diseases, obesity, gastrointestinal diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), osteoarthrosis has been determined. Results. Vitamin C concentration corresponded to adequate status in approximately 2/3 of the examined patients; among patients with T2DM, such sufficiency occurred 1.61.9 fold less often than in other groups. The frequency of reduced levels of vitamins C, A and E was statistically significantly more frequent in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. The -/-tocopherol ratio in the serum of patients in all groups was close to 1:50, while in patients with gastrointestinal diseases reached 1:60.7. The proportion of patients sufficiently supplied with all studied vitamins ranged from 15.8 to 70.0%. Patients with osteoarthrosis were best of all provided with all vitamins: multiple (3 or more vitamins) vitamin deficiency was not found. In other groups of patients, multiple vitamin deficiency occurred in 5.327.6% of the examined (an average of 16.4%). Among patients with gastrointestinal diseases there was not a single person sufficiently provided with all the studied vitamins. Multiple vitamin deficiency in patients with gastrointestinal diseases was detected more often (p 0.01) compared with patients with T2DM and osteoarthrosis. Given the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, it is possible to extrapolate that a significant proportion of patients with a combined deficiency of 2 vitamins (6.931.6% in the samples examined) will move into the category of persons with a simultaneous deficiency of 3 vitamins. Conclusion. The purposeful development of supplements containing effective doses of vitamins for various nosologies is necessary.
The Role of Nutritional Support in the Treatment of Liver Malignancies
Authors: Obukhova Olga A. , Kurmukov Ildar A. , Yunaev Grigory S.
Published: March 2021

In order to describe the necessity and safety of nutritional support in liver malignancies, we performed a search and analysis of publications on the topic published in the medical databases eLibrary, PubMed, Medline. Based on the data obtained, it was shown that patients with malignant liver disease have anorexia-cachexia syndrome. Nutritional support for perioperative hepatic malignancies improves immediate surgical outcomes. Isocaloric enteral nutrition with a high protein content is considered the drug of choice. The additional use of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) is not unambiguously interpreted. When conducting modern anticancer treatment, nutritional support is considered as an integral component of complex therapy, contributing to the achievement of the best results at all stages of the treatment process.
Klastry finansowe i aglomeracje FinTech – czynniki lokalizacyjne
Authors: Włodarczyk Michał
Published: March 2021

Celem tej pracy jest sklasyfikowanie czynników odpowiedzialnych za lokalizację i rozwój klastrów finansowych z wyszczególnieniem aglomeracji FinTech. Sklasyfikowane zostały w tym celu innowacje ich źródła oraz innowacyjność, które odgrywają kluczową rolę w rozwoju FinTechów. Wykazano silne powiązanie pomiędzy wysokim poziomem innowacyjności w skali regionalnej a powstawaniem ośrodków branży FinTech. Dodatkowo proaktywne i nowoczesne podejście do kwestii regulacyjnej było czynnikiem sprzyjającym rozwojowi badanych klastrów finansowych.
Podatkowe preferencje prorodzinne i świadczenia rodzinne w Republice Federalnej Niemiec
Authors: Franielczyk Anna
Published: March 2021

We współczesnych gospodarkach ważną rolę w systemie opodatkowania dochodów ludności kreują preferencje związane niejednokrotnie z wydatkowaniem osiągniętego dochodu. Szczególnie istotną rolę w tej kwestii odgrywają m.in. zwolnienia, odliczenia, których zastosowanie powoduje zmniejszenie podstawy opodatkowania lub wysokość samego podatku należnego. Najpopularniejszą wśród preferencji podatkowych jest ulga prorodzinna z tytułu posiadania bądź wychowywania dziecka (dzieci). Ulgi podatkowe pozytywnie wpływają na domowy budżet, gdyż zmniejszając ciężar podatkowy (podatek należny), stanowią dodatkowe źródło finansowania gospodarstw domowych. Niniejsza publikacja ma na celu analizę ulg i preferencji podatkowych oraz zasiłków rodzinnych w Republice Federalnej Niemiec oraz ustalenie ich wpływu na budżet państwa.
Drzewa-pomniki przyrody na terenie Suwalskiego Parku Krajobrazowego
Authors: Pietrzak-Zawadka Joanna , Juszko Sebastian , Kuć Tomasz , Lewoń Radosław , Ostrowski Michał , Rogalska Justyna , Zalewski Paweł
Published: March 2021

Celem badań członków Studenckiego Koła Naukowego Leśników Politechniki Białostockiej była aktualizacja informacji o drzewach uznanych za pomniki przyrody na terenie Suwalskiego Parku Krajobrazowego. Zakres prac obejmował również określenie ich stanu ochrony oraz ukazanie możliwości wykorzystania tych okazów jako atrakcji turystycznych. Wyniki badań wykazały, że drzewa ustanowione jako pomniki przyrody są w niektórych przypadkach trudne do odnalezienia w terenie. Popularność pomnikowych drzew jako obiektów turystycznych jest zróżnicowana. Drzewa jako elementy naturalnego krajobrazu wśród bogactwa zasobów przyrodniczych mogą stać się podstawą rozwoju turystyki edukacyjnej. Wydaje się jednak, że mogą one stanowić uzupełnienie rozbudowanego produktu turystycznego na tego typu obszarach.
ANÁLISE DE DIFERENTES MÉTODOS PARA SUPERAÇÃO DE DORMÊNCIA EM SEMENTES DE Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne, JATOBÁ-DO-CERRADO
Authors: Ferreira Barbara Gomes , Bezerra de Souza Priscila , Aurélio Campos Aguiar Bruno , Ferreira dos Santos André , Helena Silva Mendes Stival Angela , Cardoso Lopes Valéria
Published: March 2021

O Jatobá-do-cerrado, Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne pertencente à família Fabaceae típica do domínio Cerrado se distribui em regiões sazonais tais como as fisionomias de cerradão e cerrado sensu stricto. A espécie apresenta resistência quanto à impermeabilidade tegumentar de água e oxigênio sendo este, fator provocador de dormência, sendo necessário sua superação, para tanto, o trabalho teve como objetivo analisar diferentes métodos de quebra de dormência em Jatobá-do-cerrado. O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório e viveiro da UFT, sendo testados os seguintes tratamentos nas sementes: (T1) testemunha; (T2) imersão em água a 90 °C por 10 minutos; (T3) imersão em ácido sulfúrico por 10 minutos; (T4) argamassadeira por 5 minutos a 285±10 rpm. Foi avaliado a porcentagem de germinação das sementes, índice de velocidade de germinação e tempo médio de germinação. As médias foram submetidas a análise de variância pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados obtidos concluem que o tratamento (T3) apresentou maior porcentagem de germinação em menor tempo, seguido pelos tratamentos T2, T4 e T1 com menor germinação evidenciando a necessidade de superação de dormência para a espécie, pois menor velocidade germinativa pode provocar deterioração das sementes por ataques de patógenos.
O PROGRAMA BOLSA FAMÍLIA NAS MICRORREGIÕES DO TOCANTINS: UMA ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA
Authors: Melo Juliana , Acacio Mariana , Milagres Cleiton
Published: March 2021

O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar uma análise exploratória dos dados do Programa Bolsa Família no Tocantins, desagregados a nível de microrregiões, tendo como referencial teórico as teorias de Desenvolvimento Regional e a Abordagem da Capacitação Amartya Sen. Os principais indicadores utilizados foram valor dos repasses e a quantidade de famílias beneficiadas pelo Programa, coletados do Ministério da Cidadania. Ademais, o processamento estatístico contou também com indicadores socioeconômicos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Os resultados indicam haver uma fase de expansão e outra de contração da presença do programa no estado. Além disso, Jalapão e Bico do Papagaio destacam-se como as microrregiões com maior volume de repasses e beneficiários por habitante no Tocantins. Por fim, foi observado que a distribuição do programa nas microrregiões tocantinenses não se apresentou de forma homogênea, nem no tempo e nem no espaço, levando em consideração os anos analisados.
The Internalization of Attitude and Values: Comparison Study in PTKIN and PTKIS
Authors: Ahmadi Ahmadi , Basuki Basuki , Irawan Edi
Published: March 2021

Abstrak: Internalisasisikapdan nilai-nilai merupakan aspek penting dari pendidikan tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pola internalisasi aspek sikap dan nilai-nilai di lembaga pendidikan tinggi agama.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode multi kasus.Subjek penelitian ini adalah IAIN Ponorogo dan INSURI Ponorogo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) internalisasi sikap dan nilai-nilai lebih mungkin melalui kegiatan pendidikan dan pengajaran; 2) proses internalisasi di INSURI Ponorogo cenderung menggunakan strategi teladan, habituasi, dan intervensi sedangkan di IAIN Ponorogo cenderung menggunakan teladan, habituasi, intervensi, dan strategi penguatan; 3) Secara umum, hasil proses internalisasi aspek sikap dan nilai-nilai di IAIN Ponorogo cenderung tertanam dan mulai berkembang, sedangkan di INSURI Ponorogo beberapa sudah mulai berkembang dan beberapa lainnya baru mulai terlihat. ملخض : يعد استيعاب المواقف والقيم جانباً مهماً في التعليم العالي. الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو وصف نمط استيعاب جوانب المواقف والقيم في مؤسسات التعليم الديني. يستخدم هذا البحث مقاربة نوعية مع أسلوب متعدد الحالات. مواضيع هذا البحث هي IAIN Ponorogo و INSURI Ponorogo. أظهرت النتائج ما يلي: 1) أن استيعاب المواقف والقيم كان أكثر ترجيحًا من خلال أنشطة التعليم والتدريس ؛ 2) تميل عملية الاستيعاب في INSURI Ponorogo إلى استخدام الاستراتيجيات المثالية والتوظيف والتدخل بينما في IAIN Ponorogo تميل إلى استخدام الاستراتيجيات المثالية والتوظيف والتدخل وتعزيز الاستراتيجيات ؛ 3) بشكل عام ، تميل نتائج عملية استيعاب جوانب المواقف والقيم في IAIN Ponorogo إلى أن تكون راسخة وبدأت في التطور ، بينما في INSURI Ponorogo بدأ البعض في التطور وبدأ البعض الآخر في الظهور.
Rehydration of Dried Mushroom Specimens With Aerosol OT for Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Koch Janina Antonia , Fischer Alicia , Manz Cathrin , Rexer Karl-Heinz
Published: March 2021

Morphological, anatomical and ultrastructural characteristics are important for taxonomical and phylogenetic studies of fungi. For scanning electron microscopy, usually only dry voucher specimens are available. For dried plant material, Aerosol OT has been shown to be a suitable rehydration agent for SEM preparation. For swelling and stabilization of fungal cells, however, this simple method does not yield satisfactory results. Here, we show that a combination of Aerosol OT with ultrasonic bath and rehydration in a vacuum desiccator is a good method to distend fungal cells like basidiospores, pleuro- and cheilocystidia for SEM analysis. Tissues of several species of Agaricomycetes with diverse morphological structures were exposed to the treatment. Diverse concentrations of Aerosol OT as well as treatments in an ultrasonic bath and a vacuum desiccator were tested to optimize the surface reconstruction and to reduce preparation artefacts. The evaluated rehydration method is a cheap, quick and nontoxic method to prepare dried specimens of fungal cells for SEM analysis.
Rv3737 Is Required for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Growth in Vitro and in Vivo and Correlates With Bacterial Load and Disease Severity in Human Tuberculosis
Authors: Li Qing , Peng Zhangli , Fu Xuefeng , Wang Hong , Zhao Zhaoliang , Pang Yu , Chen Ling
Published: March 2021

Arms:Rv3737 is the sole homologueof multifunctionaltransporter ThrEin Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether this transporter participates in vitroand in vivosurvival of Mtb.Methods:To characterize the role of Rv3737, we constructed and characterized a Mtb H37RvΔRv3737. This strain was evaluated for altered growth rate and macrophage survivalusing acell model of infection. In addition, the comparative analysis was conducted to determine the association between Rv3737mRNA expression and disease severity in active pulmonary TB patients. Results:The H37RvΔRv3737 strain exhibited significantlyslow growth rate compared to H37Rv-WT strain in standard culture medium. Additionally, the survival rate of H37Rv-WTstrain in macrophages was 2 folds higher than that of H37RvΔRv3737 at 72 h. A significantlyhigher level of TNF-αand IL-6mRNA expression was observed in macrophages infected with H37RvΔRv3737 as compared to H37Rv-WT. Of note, Rv3737 expression was significantly increased in clinical Mtbisolates than H37Rv-WT. The relative expression level of Rv3737 was positively correlated with lung cavity numberof TB patients. Similarly, the higher Rv3737 mRNA level resulted in lower C(t) value by Xpert MTB/RIF assay, demonstrating that a positive correlation between Rv3737 expression and bacterial load in TB patients. Conclusions: Our data takes the lead indemonstrate that the transporter Rv3737 is required for in vitrogrowth and survival of bacteria inside macrophages. In addition, the expression level of Rv3737 is associated with bacterial load and disease severity inpulmonary tuberculosis patients.
Country of Birth (Nativity) and Cancer Diagnosis: Findings From The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018
Authors: McRoy Luceta , Epane Josue , Ramamonjiarivelo Zo , Zengul Ferhat , Weech-Maldonado Robert , Rust George
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Cancer incidence in the US remains higher among certain groups, regions, and communities and there are variations based on nativity. Research has primarily focused on specific groups and types of cancer. This study expands on previous studies to explore the relationship between country of birth (nativity) and all cancer site incidences among US and foreign-born residents using a nationally representative sample.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of (unweighted n= 22,554; weighted n =231,175,933) participants between the ages of 20 and 80 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018. Using weighted logistic regressions, we analyzed the impact of nativity on self-reported cancer diagnosis controlling for routine care, smoking status, overweight, race/ethnicity, age, and gender. We ran a partial model, adjusting only for age as a covariate, and a full model with all other covariates.Results: In the partial and full models, our findings indicate that US-born individuals were more likely to report a cancer diagnosis compared to their foreign-born counterparts (OR = 2.34, 95% CI [1.93; 2.84], p<0.01), and (OR=1. 39, 95 % CI [1.05; 1.84], p < 0.05), respectively. There was a significant association between cancer diagnosis and routine care (OR=1.48, 95% [1.14; 1.93], p<0.01), overweight (OR=1.16, 95% CI [1.01; 1.34], p<0.05), and smoking status (OR=1.30, 95% CI [1.13; 1.49], p<0.01). Race/ethnicity, age and gender were also significantly associated with cancer diagnosis.Conclusion: A variety of factors may reflect lower cancer diagnosis in foreign-born individuals in the US other than a healthy immigrant advantage, including environmental factors.
Association Between Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Advance Directives in Emergency Services
Authors: Poveda-Moral Silvia , Casa Pilar José-Maria de la , Sánchez-Valero Pere , Pomares-Quintana Núria , Vicente-García Mireia , Falcó-Pegueroles Anna
Published: March 2021

Aim: To assess the levels and relationship of knowledge and attitudes of nursing and medical professionals towards advance directives in hospital emergency departments and emergency medical services, and determine the correlated and predictor variables of favourable attitudes towards advance directives.Design: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Methods: The study was conducted in the emergency department of a second-level hospital and in the emergency medical service. Data collection was performed from January 2019 to February 2020. The guidelines STROBE were followed for the preparation of the study.Results: A total of 173 responses were obtained. Among them, 91.3% considered that they were not sufficiently informed about advance directives, and 74% acknowledged not having incorporated them into their usual practice. The multinomial analysis indicated a statistically significant relationship between (a) the variables age and emergency service and (b) having more favourable attitudes on the part of the professionals by consulting their patients (OR 1.07 [95% CI: 1.02-1.12]; p = 0.003) and compliance with patient advance directives (OR 3.53 [95% CI: 1.64-7.61]; p = 0.001). The fact of working the afternoon shift was a predictor variable for obtaining a higher score with respect to attitudes in complex scenarios.Conclusion: Implementing the consultation of patient advance directives in practice makes it possible to adjust decision-making to the wishes and preferences of the patients served, probably reducing the ethical and legal conflicts generated in the context of emergency services.
Capsule Endoscopy in the Detection of Non-Small Bowel Lesions Missed by Endoscopy
Authors: Calabrese Carlo , Gelli Dania , Dussias Nikolas , Melotti Laura , Peruzzi Giulia , Salice Marco , Rizzello Fernando , Gionchetti Paolo
Published: March 2021

Background and aims: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is indicated in cases with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). However, lesions detected by CE are frequently within the reach of conventional upper or lower GI endoscopy. We evaluated the accuracy of CE in the study of OGIB, examining the incidence of CE-detected non-small-bowel lesions (NSBL) missed by conventional endoscopy and studying its impact on patient management.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 2010 CE procedures performed in a tertiary-care center (IBD-Unit Referral Centre in Bologna), comparing the findings on CE to those on prior colonoscopy and upper GI endoscopy performed within 3 months and two weeks of the CE procedure, respectively. We evaluated the impact of CE findings on patient management.Results: CE revealed abnormal findings in 1608 out of 2010 patients. Previously missed NSBLs were revealed on CE in 283 cases. Of these, 265 pre-CE endoscopic reports were found to not conform to reporting guidelines. NSBLs on CE led to management changes in 271 patients.Conclusion: This study confirms the utility of CE in patients with OGIB. However, in a considerable number of cases, CE identified lesions missed by conventional endoscopy, suggesting that a second look prior to CE may be appropriate in some patients.Name of registry and the registration number: The study protocol was approved by the Comitato Etico Indipendente dell’AOU di Bologna (n°173/2017/O/OssN)
Translation and Cultural Adaptation of adult PROMIS Physical Function Short Forms into Simplified Chinese
Authors: Huang Yueshi , Zhang Xiaoju , Yang Yang , Cai Tingting , Zhang Wen , Zhu Rui , Huang Qingmei , Wu Fulei , Sheng Zhiren , Yuan Changrong
Published: March 2021

Background: The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) has been proven to be an effective and efficient measurement tool and has entered its global promotion phase. Our research team was authorized by the PROMIS Health Organization to translate five adult Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical function short forms (4a, 6b, 8b, 8c, and 8c 7-Day) to ensure the conceptual and semantical equivalence to the source and pretest them in a Chinese population for cultural adaptation.Methods: The translation was conducted following the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) methodology, which mainly includes forward translation, reconciliation, back-translation, expert reviews, cognitive testing, and linguistic validation, etc. And cognitive interview was used to pretest the translated items in Chinese patients with cancer and a healthy population.Results: The translation process was relatively smooth, except for some translated versions that slightly altered some word choices or sentence structures. Subsequent pre-testing of the Simplified Chinese short forms showed that clarifying or laying emphasis on the time frame in the instructions was needful, and two sets of response categories and one item stem needed some slight revisions due to cultural or language discrepancies.Conclusion: The translation and linguistic validation of five adult PROMIS physical function short forms into Simplified Chinese have been completed, and field testing, calibration, and psychometric testing are pending.
Insecticide resistance outpaces behavioural adaptation, as a response to Long-Lasting Insecticidal Net distribution, in malaria vectors in Burkina Faso.
Authors: Sanou Antoine , Nelli Luca , Guelbéogo Moussa , Cissé Fatoumata , Tapsoba Madou , Ouédraogo Pierre , Sagnon N’falé , Ranson Hilary , Matthiopoulos Jason , Ferguson Heather
Published: March 2021

The decline in malaria across Africa has been largely attributed to vector control using Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs). However, this intervention has prompted widespread insecticide resistance (IR) and been associated with changes in mosquito behaviour that reduce their contact with LLINs. The relative importance and rate at which IR and behavioural adaptations emerge are poorly understood. We conducted surveillance of mosquito behaviour and IR at 12 sites in Burkina Faso to assess the magnitude and temporal dynamics of insecticide and behavioural resistance in vectors in the 2-year following mass LLIN distribution. Insecticide resistance was present in all vector populations and increased rapidly over the study. In contrast, no longitudinal shifts in LLIN-avoidance behaviours (earlier or outdoor biting and resting) were detected. There was a moderate shift in vector species composition from Anopheles coluzzii to Anopheles gambiae which coincided with a reduction in the proportion of bites preventable by LLINs; possibly driven by between-species variation in behaviour. These findings indicate that adaptations based on insecticide resistance arise and intensify more rapidly than behavioural shifts within mosquito vectors. However, longitudinal shifts in mosquito vector species composition were evident within 2 years following a mass LLIN distribution. This ecological shift was characterized by a relative increase in the moderately more exophagic species (An. gambiae) and coincided with a predicted decline in the degree of protection expected from LLINs. Although human exposure fell through the study period due to reducing vector densities and infection rates, such ecological shifts in vector species along with insecticide resistance were likely to have eroded the efficacy of LLINs. While both adaptations impact malaria control, the rapid increase of the former indicates it is the most rapid strategy but interventions targeting both will be needed.
Title: Long-term health related quality of life following Uterine Fibroid Embolization 1 in a predominantly black African population: A retrospective Cohort study
Authors: Temmerman Marleen , Obura Timona , Lusambili Adelaide , Kioko Michael
Published: March 2021

Background: Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) is one of the effective options available for treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids with documented improvement in the quality of life and reduction in symptoms. Most of the studies have demonstrated an improvement in the quality of life over a short to intermediate period. We carried out this study to assess the long-term quality of life following uterine fibroid embolization in a predominantly black population. There are no identified studies locally or in Africa addressing this issue whereas studies done elsewhere indicate a probable increased fibroid disease burden among black women. Methods: This was a retrospective single cohort study that recruited patients who had UFE between 2009-2014. Study participants were sampled consecutively, invited to the study and asked to fill an online general demographic tool and the UFS-QOL. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were done to test for statistical significance between HRQOL scores. Pearson correlation analysis was carried out to evaluate possible association between various independent factors and specific outcomes of interest such as quality of life and symptom severity score. Results: Data was obtained from 77 participants. The median duration after the initial UFE was eight years. The median health related quality of life was 88.6 (62.9-98.3). This was statistically significant from baseline median scores of similar studies. The median symptom severity score decreased from a baseline score of 54.7 (43.8-65.6) to 21.9 (6.3-42.2). This decrease was statistically significant (p-value <0.001). Twenty-four participants (31.1%) reported follow up fibroid treatments after the initial UFE procedure. Eleven participants (14.3%) reported major repeat procedures (myomectomy, hysterectomy and UFE) .Seventeen participants (22%) reported a pregnancy after the UFE procedure with ten participants (13 %) reporting to have had children after the UFE procedure. Conclusion: UFE results in clinically sustained improvement in health related quality of life and symptom control among patients with uterine fibroids.
Quantification of energy input required for chitin nanocrystal aggregate size reduction through ultrasound
Authors: Colijn Ivanna , Fokkink Remco , Schroën Karin
Published: March 2021

Nanoparticles have been claimed to contribute efficiently to e.g. the mechanical strength of composite materials when present as individual particles. However, these particles tend to aggregate. In this paper we prepare nanocrystals from chitin, a product with high potential added value for application in bio-based materials, and investigate the effect of ultrasound on de-aggregation. Chitin nanocrystals with a length ~ 200 nm and a diameter ~ 15 nm, were obtained via acid hydrolysis of crude chitin powder. Freeze drying resulted in severe aggregation and after redispersion sizes up to ~ 200 µm were found. Ultrasound treatment was applied and break up behaviour was investigated using static light scattering, dynamic light scattering, and laser diffraction. Our results suggest that the cumulative energy input was the dominant factor for chitin nanocrystal aggregate breakup. When a critical energy barrier of ~ 100 kJ / g chitin nanocrystals was exceeded, the chitin nanocrystal aggregates broke down to nanometre range. The break up was mostly a result of fragmentation: the aggregation energy of chitin nanocrystal aggregates was quantified to be ~ 370 kJ / g chitin nanocrystals and we hypothesize that mainly van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds are responsible for aggregation.
Garry Oak Ecosystem Stand History in Southwest British Columbia, Canada: Implications of environmental change and Indigenous land use for Ecological Restoration and Population Recovery
Authors: Barlow Celeste M , Pellatt Marlow Gregory , Kohfeld Karen E
Published: March 2021

In the Pacific Northwest of North America, endangered Garry oak ecosystems have a complex history that integrates effects of Holocene climate change, Indigenous land management, and colonial settlement during the Anthropocene. In western Canada, Garry oak and Douglas fir recruitment corresponds with the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA; ca. 1870), after the collapse of Indigenous populations but in some cases prior to European settlement. We examined establishment patterns at three sites in southwest British Columbia, each with different edaphic characteristics based on slope, exposure, and drainage. At our Somenos Marsh site on Vancouver Island, we see a clear relationship between Indigenous occupation, subsequent European settlement, and development of an oak woodland, indicating that Indigenous land management was important for development of many Garry oak ecosystems. However, at the Tumbo Cliff site (Tumbo Island, BC), shallow soil xeric conditions, regional climate, and periodic fire were likely drivers of stand and ecosystem development. Finally, at the deep soil Tumbo Marsh site, Garry oak established and grew quickly when conditions were favorable, following the early 19th century conversion of a saltwater tidal flat into a freshwater marsh. Combining site level historical records, site characteristics, and dendrochronological data provides a greater understanding of the local and regional factors that shape the unique structures of Garry oak ecosystems at each site. This information can be integrated into restoration and fire management strategies for Garry oak ecosystems as well as elucidate the timing of European settler and climate change impacts on these ecosystems.