bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entwicklung von Praxisempfehlungen für die Soziale Arbeit in
der medizinischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Lukasczik Matthias , Zerban Nina Luisa , Wolf Hans Dieter , Neuderth Silke , Vogel Heiner
Published: November 2022

Ziele Die Soziale Arbeit ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des
Behandlungsspektrums in der medizinischen Rehabilitation. Neue Anforderungen an
ihre Leistungen und Variationen in der praktischen Umsetzung von Interventionen
führen zu einem Bedarf an Versorgungsstandards guter klinischer Praxis
für dieses Feld. Daher wurden Praxisempfehlungen (PE) für die
Soziale Arbeit in medizinischen Rehabilitationseinrichtungen entwickelt. Diese
sollen Entscheidungsprozesse unterstützen, konkrete
Handlungsempfehlungen liefern und anderen Reha-Professionen Einblick in das
Aufgabenspektrum der Sozialen Arbeit geben. Die PE wurden in einem mehrstufigen
Verfahren unter Einbezug von Expert*innen erarbeitet.

Methodik Eine nationale und internationale Literaturrecherche wurde zum
aktuellen Evidenzstand zu Leistungen der Sozialen Arbeit in der medizinischen
Rehabilitation durchgeführt. Darauf folgte eine Befragung der
Sozialdienste in stationären und ambulanten medizinischen
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen (somatische und psychosomatische Indikationen ohne
Abhängigkeitserkrankungen, Kinder-/Jugendlichenrehabilitation;
Nmax=311) zu Vorgehensweisen der Sozialen Arbeit und
Erwartungen an die PE. Auf dieser Basis wurde eine erste Version im Rahmen eines
Expert*innenworkshops weiterentwickelt und in einer zweiten Befragung
durch Sozialdienste in Rehabilitationseinrichtungen evaluiert
(Nmax=184). Die Ergebnisse wurden auf einem zweiten Workshop
diskutiert, auf dieser Grundlage wurde eine endgültige Fassung der PE
erstellt.

Ergebnisse Die PE umfassen Informationen zu Rahmenbedingungen der
Tätigkeit Sozialer Arbeit in der Rehabilitation und zur Sozialen
Diagnostik. Im Hauptteil werden häufige Bedarfslagen von
Rehabilitand*innen dargestellt: berufliche Bedarfslagen (u. a.
längere Abwesenheit vom Arbeitsplatz), soziale und wirtschaftliche
Bedarfslagen (u. a. Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderung); Bedarf an
nachgehenden Leistungen (u. a. Nachsorge) und Bedarfslagen im Bereich
der Kommunikation. Aufgeführt sind jeweils Informationen zur
Feststellung der Bedarfslage, zu Inhalt und Umfang von Leistungen und Verweise
auf weiterführende Materialien.

Schlussfolgerungen Die PE sollen als Praxishilfe, die sowohl auf den
praktischen Erfahrungen aus Rehabilitationseinrichtungen als auch auf
vorhandener wissenschaftlicher Evidenz beruht, Mitarbeiter*innen der
Sozialen Arbeit und anderen Berufsgruppen in der Rehabilitation Informationen zu
Leistungen der Sozialen Arbeit und deren Umsetzung bieten. Die inhaltliche
Schwerpunktsetzung spiegelt die geäußerten Erwartungen der
Sozialdienste an die PE wider.
Besonderheiten bei der Therapie von Klavikulafrakturen
Authors: Müller Christof A.
Published: November 2022

Die Bedeutung der operativen im Gegensatz zur konservativen Behandlung der Klavikulafraktur hat in den letzten Jahren deutlich zugenommen. Minimalinvasive Verfahren, wie die Osteosynthese
mittels TEN und neue Plattenformen in Kombination mit der Winkelstabilität, gewährleisten sichere Stabilisierungen mit dem Vorteil der Frühmobilisation. Dennoch hat die konservative Therapie
ihren Stellenwert bei wenig dislozierten Frakturen und älteren, multimorbiden Patienten. Der Patient ist somit individuell in die Entscheidung mit einzubeziehen. Absolute Indikationen für
die operative Therapie sind selten. Nur bei offenen Frakturen oder drohender Perforation sowie neurovaskulären Begleitverletzungen besteht eine absolute OP-Indikation. Einfache Frakturformen
können gut minimalinvasiv mittels TEN versorgt werden. Bei mehrfragmentären Frakturformen ist die Plattenosteosynthese Mittel der Wahl, um eine sichere Stabilisierung ohne Implantatwanderung
zu gewährleisten.
Arthroskopisch assistierte Frakturversorgung, was ist möglich und sinnvoll?
Authors: Culemann Ulf , Tatour Anton
Published: November 2022

Die Arthroskopie ist ein probates Mittel zur Diagnostik und Therapie intraartikulärer Verletzungen. Was ursprünglich den großen Gelenken wie Knie und Schulter vorbehalten war, hat
inzwischen in vielen weiteren, auch kleineren Gelenken Einzug gehalten. Zudem ist die Arthroskopie auch ein wichtiges Instrument zur intraartikulären Kontrolle bei der Reposition
von Gelenkfrakturen. So sind arthroskopisch assistierte Frakturversorgungen vom Azetabulum bis hin zum oberen Sprunggelenk bereits beschrieben. Insbesondere bei der
Frakturversorgung der Schulterregion haben in den vergangenen Jahren zunehmend minimalinvasive, rein arthroskopische und Hybridverfahren (teils offen – teils arthroskopisch) Einzug
gehalten. Die arthroskopische Unterstützung geht sogar bis zur kompletten Implantatentfernung von eingebrachten Plattenosteosynthesen nach verheilter proximaler Oberarmfraktur.
Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit soll es vornehmlich sein, den allgemeinen Stand der arthroskopischen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten im Bereich der Schulter beispielhaft aufzuzeigen und ein
in unserer Klinik häufig angewendetes Verfahren anhand eines Fallbeispiels darzustellen.
„Es tut mir leid“
Authors: von Campenhausen Jutta
Published: November 2022

Entschuldigungen haben in der Medizin einen schlechten Ruf. Dabei zeigen aufrichtige Worte des Bedauerns, dass der Arzt aufmerksam, empathisch und anspruchsvoll ist. Das verbessert nachweislich die Gesprächsatmosphäre. Haftungsrechtliche Folgen gibt es nicht.
Smartphones, Babys, Kleinkinder und Kinder im Jahr 2021
Authors: Spitzer Manfred
Published: November 2022

Smartphones wurden nicht zum Gebrauch für Babys, Kleinkinder und Kinder entwickelt. Es handelt sich vielmehr um Werkzeuge mit vielfältigen Nutzungsmöglichkeiten für berufstätige Erwachsene.
Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Singleton Nulliparous Spontaneous Preterm Birth with and without Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes—A National Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Akhter Tansim , Hesselman Susanne , Lindström Linda , Axelsson Ove , Poromaa Inger Sundström
Published: November 2022

Objective Preterm birth (PTB, birth before 37 gestational weeks) is the leading cause of neonatal death and a major challenge for obstetric and neonatal care. About two-thirds of PTBs are spontaneous PTB (sPTB), of which approximately 30% start with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). The aim of the study was to investigate risk factors and maternal and perinatal outcomes in sPTB with and without PPROM.

Study Design This is a national population-based cohort study including all singleton pregnancies in nulliparous women with spontaneous onset of labor and vaginal births (n = 266,968) registered in the Swedish Medical Birth Register 2005 to 2014. sPTB with PPROM (sPTB-PPROM) and sPTB without PPROM were compared regarding risk factors and maternal and perinatal outcomes. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Adjustments were made for maternal age, body mass index, country of birth, smoking, chronic hypertension, pregestational and gestational diabetes, and gestational length.

Results sPTB-PPROM (n = 5,037), compared with sPTB without PPROM (n = 8,426), was more common in women with previous spontaneous abortions, prepregnancy urinary tract infections, chronic hypertension, and gestational diabetes and had a higher risk of postpartum endometritis (aOR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.55–5.00). Infants born to women with sPTB-PPROM had a lower risk of birth asphyxia (aOR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.43–0.83), respiratory distress syndrome (aOR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.70–1.00), retinopathy of prematurity (aOR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.92–0.94), necrotizing enterocolitis (aOR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.94–0.96), and higher risk of hypoglycemia (aOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.28), and hyperbilirubinemia (aOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.19–1.38) compared with infants born to sPTB without PPROM.

Conclusion Our findings of risk factors and distinct differences in adverse outcomes after sPTB-PPROM compared with sPTB without PPROM are of vital importance and might serve as a basis when elaborating programs for the prevention and management of PPROM.

Key Points
Maternal Anemia and Long-Term Offspring Infectious Morbidity
Authors: Toma Anika J. , Gutvirtz Gil , Sheiner Eyal , Wainstock Tamar
Published: November 2022

Objective Anemia of pregnancy is a common condition associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. However, little is known about its long-term effect on the offspring. This study aimed to evaluate a possible association between anemia during pregnancy and the long-term incidence of infectious morbidity in the offspring.

Study Design A large population-based retrospective study was conducted at the Soroka University Medical Center, the sole tertiary medical center in the south of Israel. The study included deliveries between the years 1991 and 2014 and compared long-term infectious morbidity of offspring of women with and without anemia during pregnancy (defined as hemoglobin level below 11 g/dL). The long-term incremental incidence of hospitalizations of offspring up to 18 years of age due to infectious morbidity was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier survival curves, while Cox's regression model was used to control for confounders.

Results During the study period, 214,244 deliveries met the inclusion criteria, of which 110,775 (51.7%) newborns were born to mothers with anemia during pregnancy. The overall infectious-related hospitalization rate was significantly higher in children from the exposed group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.10, p < 0.01). Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed a significantly higher cumulative incidence of hospitalizations due to infectious diseases as compared with children in the unexposed group (log-rank test, p < 0.01). The Cox model demonstrated a significant and independent association between maternal anemia and the long-term risk for hospitalization due to infectious diseases of the offspring (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06–1.12, p < 0.01).

Conclusion Offspring of anemic mothers are at a greater risk for infectious-related hospitalizations in their first 18 years of life.

Key Points
Delivery Mode among Patients with Oligohydramnios with or without Fetal Growth Restriction by Induction Method
Authors: Whelan Anna R. , Rasiah Stephen S. , Lewkowitz Adam K. , Gimovsky Alexis C.
Published: November 2022

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association of induction method on delivery mode in pregnancies complicated by oligohydramnios with and without fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Study Design This was a secondary analysis of a National Institutes of Health funded retrospective cohort study of singleton deliveries at a tertiary-care hospital between 2002 and 2013 with diabetes, mild hypertension, and/or FGR. Chart abstraction was performed by trained research nurses. Patients with a diagnosis of fetal oligohydramnios with and without FGR were identified. Our analytic cohort was further stratified into three groups per initial induction agent: prostaglandins (PGEs) alone, PGE plus mechanical ripening, or oxytocin only. Primary outcome was mode of delivery. Secondary outcomes included indications for cesarean delivery and neonatal morbidity.

Results Out of 4,929 patients in the original database, 546 subjects with fetal oligohydramnios were identified; of these, 270 were induced and included for analysis. Outcomes were compared between 171 patients who had fetuses with isolated oligohydramnios and 99 patients who had fetuses with oligohydramnios and FGR. There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between the groups. Patients with fetuses with isolated oligohydramnios had similar rates of spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) when PGEs were used (n = 44/79, 55.7% PGE alone, n = 44/76, 57.9% PGE with mechanical ripening) and when they were not used (n = 5/13, 38.5% oxytocin alone; p = 0.43). Similarly, the majority of patients in both cohorts underwent SVD regardless of induction method (n = 30/44, 68.2% PGE alone, n = 30/44, 68.2% PGE with mechanical ripening, and n = 6/10, 60% oxytocin alone; p = 0.90). There was no significant difference in composite neonatal morbidity.

Conclusion In patients with fetuses with oligohydramnios with and without FGR, most patients delivered by SVD regardless of induction method. In this population, PGE use was associated with a high chance of SVD in patients with fetuses with suspected placental insufficiency regardless of the presence of absence of FGR.

Key Points
Natural and Naturally Derived Photoinitiating Systems for Light-Based 3D Printing
Authors: Vazquez-Martel Clara , Mainik Philipp , Blasco Eva
Published: November 2022

Photoinitiating systems (PISs) are key components in photocurable formulations (inks) for three-dimensional (3D) printing. Natural PISs are promising and more environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional photoinitiators. These systems offer enhanced features such as less toxicity and therefore, higher biocompatibility. Furthermore, they can be found in a large “color palette” variety (absorbing in the different regions of the UV-visible spectrum) enabling new possibilities in the field of 3D printing. In this review, we outline the current efforts to implement natural and naturally derived PISs in light-based 3D printing. First, recently applied natural PISs and their performance for light-based 3D printing are discussed. In a second part, an overview of naturally derived PISs including the most common synthetic strategies are provided. Last, current challenges as well as future perspectives of the field are discussed.

Introduction

Natural Photoinitiating Systems

Naturally Derived Photoinitiating Systems

Conclusions and Outlook
Tracking the impact of multiple sclerosis on employment status: the development of a questionnaire
Authors: Cores Evangelina Valeria , Steinberg Judith , Cuesta Carolina , Curbelo María Celeste , Osorio Mabel Alicia , Bauer Johana Julia , Politis Daniel Gustavo
Published: November 2022

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a negative effect on employment status.

Objective To present the preliminary results of a special questionnaire designed to collect employment information on patients with MS.

Methods The questionnaire on the impact of MS on employment status was completed by 63 patients. Fatigue, cognition, and depression were also evaluated, and 33 healthy participants were recruited as a control group.

Results Regarding the patients' employment status, we found rates of 31.7% of full-time employment, 28.6% of part-time employment, 7.9% of unemployment due to MS, 4.8% of housewives, 1.6% retirement due to age, 15.9% of retirement due to disability, 7.9% of medical leave due to MS, and 1.6% of medical leave for other reasons. The rate of unemployment among the patients was significantly higher compared with that of the control group. Out of 38 working patients, 31% had been absent from work for the previous 3 months due to MS, and 50% had to make changes in their work to remain employed. Out of the 19 unemployed patients, 78% said that walking difficulties were the cause of unemployment, while 52% thought cognitive impairment was the cause.

Conclusions The questionnaire provides a record of the employment status of patients with MS and describes the impact on work from their point of view.
Growth Stunting Prevention in Indonesia: Dentist Knowledge and Perception
Authors: Mayfitriana Zahira , Suwargiani Anne Agustina , Setiawan Arlette Suzy
Published: November 2022

Objective Dentists in Indonesia as health workers have a role to play in improving the quality of life of others; thus, dentists' participation in growth stunting prevention is essential. It is also supported by the fact that growth stunting correlates with dental and oral health. Therefore, a dentist's knowledge and perception of growth stunting and its prevention affect the success of a dentist's role in the community.

This study aimed to explore the knowledge and perceptions of growth stunting and its prevention in dentists in Bandung.

Materials and Methods A descriptive study was conducted on general dental practitioners and dental specialists in Bandung. The number of participants gathered were 76 general dental practitioners and 30 dental specialists, which, if added all together, are 106 dentists as the study participants. Data was collected using a knowledge-based questionnaire containing three dimensions: knowledge about nutrition, growth and development, and health behavior. In addition, a perception questionnaire contains statements categorized into four dimensions: awareness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance. The questionnaire was distributed online using Google Form. A descriptive analysis was then done on the collected data.

Results Analysis of the findings showed that 80.19% of the participants have good knowledge of growth stunting and its prevention, 16.98% moderate, and 2.83% have poor knowledge. As for the perception category, the number of participants with positive perceptions is 53.77%, while the number of participants with negative perceptions is 46.23%.

Conclusion Most dentists in the city of Bandung have an excellent knowledge of growth stunting and its prevention and positively perceive growth stunting and its prevention.
Effects of chirality in the electron transmission through step-like potential in zigzag, armchair, and (2m,m) carbon nanotubes
Authors: Malysheva Lyuba
Published: November 2022

We report the one-electron spectrum and eigenstates of infinite achiral and chiral (2m,m) carbon nanotubes found by using the analytic solution to the Schrödinger equation for the tight-binding Huckel-type Hamiltonian. With the help of matching the wave functions on the interfaces between the regions, where electrons have different site energies, we find and compare the transmission coefficients for zigzag, armchair and chiral nanotubes subjected to the action of an applied step-like potential. The correspondence between the nanotube band structure and the energy dependence of the transmission coefficient is demonstrated. It is shown that the (2m,m) nanotubes with a medium chiral angle reveal intermediate transport properties as compared with the achiral armchair, and zigzag nanotubes.
Some peculiarities of noise-induced phase transition
Authors: Lev B. I. , Zagorodny A. G.
Published: November 2022

Two fundamental evolutionary principles, namely the H-theorem and the least-energy principle, are applied to describe the phase transition in condensed environments and cosmological models. We assume that in the presence of a spontaneously induced scalar field, which can be treated as an order parameter, the energy of the ground state is lower than the ground state energy without such a field. Taking into account the self-consistent interaction of the scalar field with the fluctuations of the fields of other nature and the principles mentioned above, it is possible to show the possibility of the phase transition and to find the conditions for such transition in terms of fluctuation characteristics and coupling parameter. These principles are employed to reveal probable phase transitions in condensed matter physics and cosmology.
Laser-assisted local metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Trippel Max , Bläsing Jürgen , Wieneke Matthias , Dadgar Armin , Schmidt Gordon , Bertram Frank , Christen Jürgen , Strittmatter André
Published: November 2022

Selective area epitaxial growth is an important technique, both for monolithic device integration as well as for defect reduction in heteroepitaxy of crystalline materials on foreign substrates. While surface engineering with masking materials or by surface structuring is an effective means for controlling the location of material growth, as well as for improving crystalline properties of epitaxial layers, the commonly involved integral substrate heating presents a limitation, e.g., due to constraints ofr the thermal budget applicable to existing device structures. As a solution, an epitaxial growth approach using a laser source only locally heating the selected growth area, in combination with metal–organic precursors to feed a pyrolithic chemical reaction (also known as metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy, MOVPE), is presented. Without masking or surface structuring, local epitaxial growth of III–V compound semiconductor layers on a 50–1500 µm length-scale, with high structural and optical quality, is demonstrated. We discuss general design rules for reactor chamber, laser heating, temperature measurement, sample manipulation, gas mixing, and distinguish laser-assisted local MOVPE from conventional planar growth for the important compound semiconductor GaAs. Surface de-oxidation prior to growth is mandatory to realize smooth island surfaces. Linear growth rates in the range 0.5–9 µm/h are demonstrated. With increasing island diameter, the probability for plastic deformation within the island increases, depending on reactor pressure. A step-flow mode on the island surface can be achieved by establishing a sufficiently small temperature gradient across the island.
Setup for precision optical studies of supercritical fluids in a wide temperature range at high pressures up to 1 GPa
Authors: Ninenko S. I. , Brazhkin V. V.
Published: November 2022

A setup with a working volume of more than 10 mm3 has been fabricated to experimentally study the optical properties of gases, liquids, and solutions in a wide range of temperature (from 200 to 500 K) at hydrostatic pressures up to 1 GPa. The experimental parameters can be maintained with an accuracy of 0.1 K and 1.5 MPa for up to 3–4 h. To introduce laser radiation and to record spectra, high-temperature optical fibers of increased strength in a metal sheath are introduced directly into the working chamber. The primary goal of experiments is to study the Raman radiation at vibron frequencies in supercritical fluids of molecular substances (N2, CO2, CH4, etc.).
Outstation for x-ray powder diffraction at the Italian beamline at the European synchrotron
Authors: Lepore G. O. , Checchia S. , Baroni T. , Brunelli M. , d’Acapito F.
Published: November 2022

LISA [Linea Italiana per la Spettroscopia di Assorbimento X, Italian beamline for X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS)] is the Italian CRG (Collaborating Research Group) beamline at the ESRF (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility) dedicated to XAS [d’Acapito et al., J. Synchrotron Radiat. 26, 551–558 (2019)]. In this work, a methodical test of the LISA beamline in performing diffraction measurements is carried out. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements would complement absorption spectroscopy techniques with the long-range characterization of the material under investigation, while XAS provides the short-range element selective information.
Efficiently loading 40Ca+–27Al+ ion crystal using sympathetic cooling and pulsed laser ablation
Authors: Sun Chenglong , Cui Kaifeng , Chao Sijia , Wei Yuanfei , Yuan Jinbo , Cao Jian , Shu Hualin , Huang Xueren
Published: November 2022

We demonstrate a method to efficiently load a pair of 40Ca+–27Al+ ion crystals with sympathetic cooling and pulsed laser ablation, serving as a starting step for the 27Al+ clock. We achieved a technique to rapidly detect the loading of hot ions by monitoring the 2S1/2 → 2D5/2 narrow transition of 40Ca+ that couples to the shared motional modes between the two ions. The sympathetic cooling time of the 40Ca+–27Al+ ion pair is measured. Two traps are employed to compare the loading time from two directions and it was found that the loading from the axial direction takes much shorter time than loading from the radial direction of the trap. With the help of adaptively controlled trap potential, our method reduced the average loading time of a 40Ca+–27Al+ pair from 26 to 1 min. This research is an important step for increasing the uptime ratio of the 27Al+ optical clock and is useful for other mixed-species ion crystals based on sympathetic cooling.
Filamentary plasma eruptions and the heating and acceleration of electrons
Authors: Isliker Heinz , Cathey Andres , Hoelzl Matthias , Pamela Stanislas , Vlahos Loukas
Published: November 2022

We present test-particle simulations of electrons during a nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of a type-I edge localized mode to explore the effect of an eruptive plasma filament on the kinetic level. The electrons are moderately heated and accelerated during the filamentary eruption on a fast timescale of the order of 0.5 ms. A clearly non-thermal tail is formed in the distribution of the kinetic energy that is of power-law shape and reaches 90 keV for some particles. The acceleration is exclusively observed in the direction parallel to the magnetic field, i.e., with a clear preference in countercurrent direction, and we show that the parallel electric field is the cause of the observed acceleration. Most particles that escape from the system leave at one distinct strike-line in the outer divertor leg at some time during their energization. The escaping high-energy electrons in the tail of the energy distribution are not affected by collisions; thus, they show characteristics of runaway electrons. The mean square displacement indicates that transport in energy space clearly is superdiffusive, and interpreting the acceleration process as a random walk, we find that the distributions of energy-increments exhibit exponential tails, and transport in energy space is equally important of convective (systematic) and diffusive (stochastic) nature. By analyzing the MHD simulations per se, it turns out that the histograms of the parallel electric field in the edge region exhibit power-law shapes, and this clearly non-Gaussian statistics is ultimately one of the reasons for the moderately anomalous phenomena of particle transport that we find in energy space.
Terahertz polarization conversion from optical dichroism in a topological Dirac semimetal
Authors: Meng Haiyu , Wang Lingling , Lee Ching Hua , Ang Yee Sin
Published: November 2022

Topological Dirac semimetals (TDSMs), such as Cd3As2 and Na3Bi, exhibit strong optical dichroism with contrasting dielectric permittivity along different crystal axes. However, such optical dichroism is often overlooked in the study of TDSM-based optoelectronic devices and whether such optical dichroism can lead to unique functionalities not found under the isotropic approximation remains an open question, thus far. Here, we show that the optical dichroism in TDSM lead to starkly different terahertz (THz) responses and device performance as compared to the isotropic case. Using finite-difference time-domain simulations of a Cd3As2-based metasurface, we demonstrate that such optical dichroism can lead to an unexpected THz wave polarization conversion even if the metasurface structure remains fourfold rotationally symmetric, a useful feature not achievable under the isotropic model of TDSM. Our findings concretely reveal the contrasting spectral response between isotropic and anisotropic media and shed important light on the capability of anisotropic TDSM in THz applications, leading not just to the more accurate device modeling but also a new route in realizing THz wave polarization conversion without the need for complex device morphology commonly employed in conventional polarization converters.
First-principles quantum treatment of electron–phonon interactions in thin-film nanodevices
Authors: Hafiz Md. Samzid Bin , Mohd Khosru Quazi Deen , Begum Momotaz , Chandra Das Bimal
Published: November 2022

Electron–phonon interactions play a crucial role in nano-electronic device performance. As the accurate calculation of these interactions requires huge computational resources, reduction of this burden without losing accuracy poses an important challenge. Here, we investigate the electron–phonon interactions of nano-devices using two first-principles-based methods in numerically efficient manners. The first method is the Lowest Order Approximation (LOA) version of the computationally burdensome self-consistent Born approximation method. The LOA method incorporates the effect of each phonon mode on the electronic current perturbatively. In this work, we theoretically resolve the discrepancy between two conventional approaches of direct LOA calculation. To validate the correct approach, we compared its output with a completely different method (second method) named Special Thermal Displacement (STD) method. The STD method uses non-interacting transport calculation of the displaced atomic configuration of a device. We apply both methods to two thin-film nanodevices: 2D silicon junctionless FET and n-i-n FET. Both methods justify each other by providing similar results and exhibiting important quantum phenomena, such as phonon-assisted subthreshold swing degradation and tunneling.
Effect of halogen doping on the electronic, electrical, and optical properties of anatase TiO2
Authors: Filippatos Petros-Panagis , Kelaidis Nikolaos , Vasilopoulou Maria , Davazoglou Dimitris , Chroneos Alexander
Published: November 2022

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most used oxides in renewable energy applications, such as hydrogen production, photovoltaics, and light-emitting diodes. To further improve the efficiency of the devices, doping strategies are used to modify their fundamental properties. Here, we used density functional theory (DFT) simulations to explore the effect of all the halogen dopants on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of TiO2. We investigated both the interstitial and the oxygen substitutional positions, and for the optimized structures, we used hybrid DFT calculations to predict the electronic and optical properties. In all cases, we found that halogen dopants reduce the bandgap of the pristine TiO2 while gap states also arise. The halogen dopants constitute a single acceptor when they occupy interstitial sites, while when they are inserted in oxygen sites, they act as donors. This can be established by the states that form above the valence band. It is proposed that these states contribute to the significant changes in the optical and electronic properties of TiO2 and can be beneficial to the photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications of TiO2. Importantly, the iodine doping of TiO2 significantly reduces the bandgap of TiO2 while increasing its dielectric constant, making it suitable for light-harvesting applications.
Regimenting Circulation: A Case Study of Mediatization in Corporate Communication
Authors: Koh Kyung-Nan
Published: November 2022

Communication is necessary work and imagined want in corporations. Using firsthand data from a midsize corporation, this essay discusses the professional practices of corporate communication as a metadiscursive project of proleptically shaping the circulation of representations of the corporation. In corporate work, activities spoken of as “communication” are segmented and ritualized with respect to who the corporation seeks to engage in discursive and semiotic frameworks of participation and which communicative media it employs. The ways in which various communicative scenarios are imagined and framed in the design and use of corporate media are examined, as is the manner in which the boundary of the corporation’s communicative activity is drawn and (re)defined through metapragmatic regimentations of future participatory encounters. The expertise of corporate communication practitioners involves the ability to formulate the corporation as the mediatized center of the groups with which it communicates and to devise messages that target diverse groups as addressees.
On the uniqueness of supersymmetric AdS(5) black holes with toric symmetry
Authors: Lucietti James , Ntokos Praxitelis , Ovchinnikov Sergei G
Published: November 2022

We consider the classification of supersymmetric AdS5 black hole solutions to minimal gauged supergravity that admit a torus symmetry. This problem reduces to finding a class of toric Kähler metrics on the base space, which in symplectic coordinates are determined by a symplectic potential. We derive the general form of the symplectic potential near any component of the horizon or axis of symmetry, which determines its singular part for any black hole solution in this class, including possible new solutions such as black lenses and multi-black holes. We find that the most general known black hole solution in this context, found by Chong, Cvetic, Lü and Pope (CCLP), is described by a remarkably simple symplectic potential. We prove that any supersymmetric and toric solution that is timelike outside a smooth horizon, with a Kähler base metric of Calabi type, must be the CCLP black hole solution or its near-horizon geometry.
TCFHs, hidden symmetries and M-theory backgrounds
Authors: Papadopoulos G , Pérez-Bolaños E
Published: November 2022

We present the twisted covariant form hierarchy (TCFH) of 11-dimensional supergravity and so demonstrate that the form bilinears of supersymmetric solutions satisfy a generalisation of the conformal Killing-Yano equation with resepct to the TCFH connection. We also compute the Killing-Stäckel, KY and closed conformal Killing-Yano tensors of all spherically symmetric M-branes that include the M2-brane, M5-brane, KK-monopole and pp-wave and demonstrate that their geodesic flows are completely integrable by giving all independent conserved charges in involution. We then find that all form bilinears of pp-wave and KK-monopole solutions generate (hidden) symmetries for spinning particle probes propagating on these backgrounds. Moreover, there are Killing spinors such that some of the 1-, 2- and 3-form bilinears of the M2-brane solution generate symmetries for spinning particle probes. We also explore the question on whether the form bilinears are sufficient to prove the integrability of particle probe dynamics on 11-dimensional supersymmetric backgrounds.
Multi-dimensional particle filter-based estimation of phase line biases for single-differenced ambiguity resolution in GNSS-based attitude determination
Authors: Wu Mingkui , He Yan , Wu Hao , Liu Wanke
Published: November 2022

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) have been widely used to provide real-time and high-precision attitude information for land vehicles, ships and aircraft over the past few decades. With the joint use of emerging multi-GNSS common-clock receivers and the single-differenced (SD) model, the accuracy of pitch and roll can be significantly improved to the same level as that of yaw. However, the prerequisite is that the frequency-dependent phase line biases (LBs) in multiple GNSS systems and frequencies are accurately and rapidly estimated. In this contribution, we intend to solve this problem by using a multi-dimensional particle filter (PF)-based approach. We first investigate the relationship between the ratio value and the multi-dimensional phase LBs. Results have revealed that the ratio value can be used to judge the quality of multi-dimensional phase LBs and represent the likelihood function of the observations. We then present the procedure of multi-dimensional PF-based phase LBs estimation for SD ambiguity resolution and attitude determination. An improved strategy is also proposed to reduce the computation time. Finally, we take the two-dimensional case as a representative example to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in aspects of the convergence and accuracy of phase LB estimates, the attitude determination accuracy, and the computation time. Experimental results from two static datasets have demonstrated that the two-dimensional phase LBs basically rapid converge within 20 epochs. Moreover, compared with the double-differenced method, the proposed multi-dimensional PF-based SD method could provide comparable yaw accuracy and much better pitch accuracy. The pitch accuracy is improved to the same level as yaw by approximately 42.9%–50.0%. With regard to the computation time, it is found that with the proposed modification strategy, the single-epoch computation times are significantly reduced by approximately 90.7%–93.5%, and they are mostly within 0.05 s for most of the epochs on a personal computer.
Research on an environmental adaptive feature extraction algorithm
Authors: Jiao Songming , Zhong Yufei , Ding Hui , Yao Xin , Bai Jianpeng
Published: November 2022

The visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) system is prone to tracking failure in complex and variable environments and lighting change environments. Therefore, an adaptive S-piecewise from an accelerated segment test (FAST) and boosted efficient binary local image descriptor or BEBLID (ASFB) feature extraction algorithm is proposed to obtain better matching results and more accurate poses. The algorithm designs a segment function adaptive thresholding FAST feature extraction algorithm based on the sigmoid function trajectory. It also calculates different thresholds for each pixel point in the image to complete the feature extraction, which adaptively calculates the threshold value for different luminance environments, to improve the quality of feature points, and uses BEBLID instead of binary robust independent elementary feature (BRIEF) to complete the description of feature points, which improves the accuracy of description information. The experiment selects KITTI and Euroc datasets, and the results show that the ASFB feature extraction algorithm performs better than the oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF algorithm in both the illumination changing environment and the normal environment. In addition, the bit pose accuracy is also improved. Moreover, it can meet the operational efficiency requirements of the SLAM algorithm.
Failure of the geometric approach prediction of excess work scaling for open and isolated quantum systems
Authors: Soriani Artur , Miranda Eduardo , Bonança Marcus V S
Published: November 2022

The task of finding optimal protocols that minimize the energetic cost of thermodynamic processes of long yet finite duration τ is a pressing one. We approach this problem here in a rigorous and systematic fashion by means of the adiabatic perturbation theory of closed Hamiltonian quantum systems. Our main finding is a 1/τ
2 scaling of the excess work for large τ in gapped systems. This result is at odds with the asymptotic 1/τ prediction of the geometric approach to optimization, which is predicated on the slow evolution of open systems close to canonical equilibrium. In contrast, our approach does not lead to an obvious geometric interpretation. Furthermore, as the thermodynamic work does not depend on how an isolated quantum system is split into a system of interest and its environment, our results imply the failure of the geometric approach prediction even for open systems. Additionally, we provide alternative optimization procedures, both for slowly-varying processes described by adiabatic perturbation theory and for weakly-varying processes described by linear response theory. Our findings are benchmarked and confirmed through the application to the driven transverse-field Ising chain.
The influence of printing accuracy on the performance of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg phononic crystals
Authors: Wang Y F , Guo J C , Zhang Z
Published: November 2022

The printing accuracy is one of the key factors affecting the final additively manufactured structures. As metamaterials for wave controlling, the printing accuracy caused in additive manufacturing can affect the band gap structures and the wave transmissions in phononic crystals (PnCs). Selective laser melting (SLM) was used to fabricate the designed PnCs. AlSi10Mg was used as the material for the fabrication. The distorted geometry of the additively manufactured PnCs by selective laser melting (SLM) was experimentally measured and then was re-built as finite element model. The band gap structures and the wave transmissions were calculated based on finite element method for the comparison of the structural performances of the theoretically designed and fabricated PnCs. Result indicated that the fabricated PnCs were thermally distorted from 0.298 mm to 1.664 mm depending on the designed geometries. The thermal distortion can lead to a deviation of central frequency in the range of −6.2%∼3.7% in comparison with the theoretical design. Compared with the theoretical design, the band gap widths of the distorted PnCs vary from −7.4% to 5.6% due to the frequencies change of the eigenmodes at the upper and lower band edges which are directly affected by the thermal distortion. The further analysis shows that the change of the band structures of the distorted PnCs is due to the increase of the inertia moment of the distorted PnCs caused by the printing accuracy.
Looking for a simplified approach for the propagation of systematic uncertainty in the motion response of a floater
Authors: Gueydon S. , Lyden E. , Judge F. , O’Shea M. , Murphy J.
Published: November 2022

This new research considers the 3 main motions of the moored floater (surge, heave and pitch) in head waves and it explores ways to estimate the systematic uncertainties on the RAOs, and 2 other metrics for these signals. Based on linear hydrostatics and the linear potential flow theory, simple relations can be found that bind the main characteristics of a floater. These relations are transformed using linear algebra to express how uncertainty bias on the main characteristics of the tested system can be propagated to the motion responses of the floater. Thanks to this approach, variations of the mooring stiffness, position of the centre of mass, radia of gyration can be represented through simple formulations that allow to very effectively assess their impact of the motion RAOs and other metrics. This approach is verified by comparing simulation and test results of the semisubmersible of the MARINET2 floating wind round robin campaign to approximations deduced from these theoretical relations.
An experimental investigation into the most prominent sources of uncertainty in wave tank testing of floating offshore wind turbines
Authors: Lyden E. , Judge F. , Gueydon S. , O’Shea M. , Murphy J.
Published: November 2022

There is an urgent need to replace carbon-based energy sources with renewable energy sources, and floating offshore wind is seen as a critical component in the drive towards energy diversification. Floating offshore wind facilitates accessing a far vaster wind resource that exists in deeper waters, further offshore. Floating offshore wind platforms must undergo wave tank testing in the early stages of development to assess model responses to different wave and wind conditions. Wave tank testing, while highly beneficial, is liable to have errors arising throughout the testing campaign. Errors can arise during wave tank setup, testing, and analysis of results. One such error is the error in the inertia and centre of gravity (CoG) of the platform. In this research, testing was completed using two very different floating offshore wind concepts. A sensitivity analysis was completed by varying the model inertia and centre of gravity. It was found that the effects of each variation were magnified at resonance, and the magnitude of platform response was affected to a greater extent than the period of resonance response. Of all the variations to the model properties conducted, the inertia about the y-axis and location of the centre of gravity along the x-axis affected pitch response to the greatest extent.
Adaptations of Offshore Wind Operation and Maintenance Models for Floating Wind
Authors: Saeed Kaiser , McMorland Jade , Collu Maurizio , Coraddu Andrea , Carroll James , McMillan David
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the key operations & maintenance (O&M) modelling inputs for fixed-bottom wind (FBW) and highlights the adaptations required for floating offshore wind (FOW) uses. The work also highlights major repair strategies such as tow to shore (T2S) and discusses the limitations and constraints which arise in an operational context. The technical and economic feasibility of such O&M strategies requires rethinking of weather risks and constraints, new vessel technologies and operational costs. The work also collates and reviews existing FBW models which have been adapted for FOW uses and analyses O&M inputs for a tow to shore operation. Findings show that there is ambiguity in literature for tug speeds and disconnection/reconnection times of the turbine system. A performed case study investigates the sensitives of both parameters through a weather window analysis of ScotWind sites. Recommendations for future practises, including additional O&M modelling considerations and inputs for FOW uses are given.
Skyrmion based energy-efficient straintronic physical reservoir computing
Authors: Rajib Md Mahadi , Misba Walid Al , Chowdhury Md Fahim F , Alam Muhammad Sabbir , Atulasimha Jayasimha
Published: November 2022

Physical Reservoir Computing (PRC) is an unconventional computing paradigm that exploits the nonlinear dynamics of reservoir blocks to perform temporal data classification and prediction tasks. Here, we show with simulations that patterned thin films hosting skyrmion can implement energy-efficient straintronic reservoir computing (RC) in the presence of room-temperature thermal perturbation. This RC block is based on strain-induced nonlinear breathing dynamics of skyrmions, which are coupled to each other through dipole and spin-wave interaction. The nonlinear and coupled magnetization dynamics were exploited to perform temporal data classification and prediction. Two performance metrics, namely Short-Term Memory (STM) and Parity Check (PC) capacity are studied and shown to be promising (4.39 and 4.62 respectively), in addition to showing it can classify sine and square waves with 100% accuracy. These demonstrate the potential of such skyrmion based PRC. Furthermore, our study shows that nonlinear magnetization dynamics and interaction through spin-wave and dipole coupling have a strong influence on STM and PC capacity, thus explaining the role of physical interaction in a dynamical system on its ability to perform RC.
A construction of a 𝜆-Poisson generic sequence
Authors: Becher Verónica , Sac Himelfarb Gabriel
Published: November 2022

Years ago Zeev Rudnick defined the

λ
\lambda

-Poisson generic sequences as the infinite sequences of symbols in a finite alphabet where the number of occurrences of long words in the initial segments follow the Poisson distribution with parameter

λ
\lambda

. Although almost all sequences, with respect to the uniform measure, are Poisson generic, no explicit instance has yet been given. In this note we give a construction of an explicit

λ
\lambda

-Poisson generic sequence over any alphabet and any positive

λ
\lambda

, except for the case of the two-symbol alphabet, in which it is required that

λ
\lambda

be less than or equal to the natural logarithm of 

2
2

. Since

λ
\lambda

-Poisson genericity implies Borel normality, the constructed sequences are Borel normal. The same construction provides explicit instances of Borel normal sequences that are not

λ
\lambda

-Poisson generic.
Infinitely many arithmetic hyperbolic rational homology 3–spheres that bound geometrically
Authors: Ferrari L. , Kolpakov A. , Reid A.
Published: November 2022

In this paper we provide the first examples of arithmetic hyperbolic

3
3

–manifolds that are rational homology spheres and bound geometrically either compact or cusped hyperbolic

4
4

–manifolds.
Engineering antibody and protein therapeutics to cross the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Zhao Peng , Zhang Ningyan , An Zhiqiang
Published: November 2022

Diseases in the central nervous system (CNS) are often difficult to treat. Antibody- and protein-based therapeutics hold huge promises in CNS disease treatment. However, proteins are restricted from entering the CNS by the blood–brain barrier (BBB). To achieve enhanced BBB crossing, antibody-based carriers have been developed by utilizing the endogenous macromolecule transportation pathway, known as receptor-mediated transcytosis. In this report, we first provided an overall review on key CNS diseases and the most promising antibody- or protein-based therapeutics approved or in clinical trials. We then reviewed the platforms that are being explored to increase the macromolecule brain entry to combat CNS diseases. Finally, we have analyzed the lessons learned from past experiences and have provided a perspective on the future engineering of novel delivery vehicles for antibody- and protein-based therapies for CNS diseases.