bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Academic entrepreneurship in the humanities and social sciences: a systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Cunningham James A. , Miller Kristel , Perea-Vicente Jose-Luis
Published: September 2024

The predominant empirical focus of academic entrepreneurship research has been in the science, technology and engineering domains. To date there has been a limited research and empirical focus on academic entrepreneurship in the humanities, arts and social sciences (HASS). This is against a background of the growing societal and policy recognition of the important contributions and impact of HASS based research. The purpose of this paper through a systematic literature review is to examine the current state of academic entrepreneurship research in HASS. Our systematic literature identified four key themes namely, actors,barriers,mechanismsandmeasurementandevaluation. From this, we develop and outline a research agenda for academic entrepreneurship in HASS.
Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A in paediatric non-neurogenic therapy resistant overactive bladder: a cohort study
Authors: Hougaard Nicklas B. , Breinbjerg Anders , Kamperis Konstantinos , Skott Martin
Published: September 2024

Introduction and objective

Intradetrusor Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A (BoNT-A) is an increasingly applied treatment modality for overactive bladder (OAB) in children with refractory urinary incontinence. Despite that, evidence is sparse, and the potential not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of intradetrusor injection in children with refractory functional OAB and urinary incontinence. Furthermore, we aimed to identify predictors of efficacy and side effects to BoNT-A treatment.

Materials and methods

We conducted a cohort study of children with OAB and urinary incontinence who received intradetrusor injection of BoNT-A in the period 01.01.2016 to 31.12.2020 at our centre. All patients were refractory to standard urotherapy, anticholinergics, mirabegron and the combination of these treatments. Patients with neurogenic bladder were excluded.

Primary endpoint was the reduction on the frequency of urinary incontinence episodes from baseline. Secondary endpoints included urodynamic parameters and uroflowmetry characteristics as well as side effects.

Results

Forty-three children (mean age at first treatment 10.7 ± 1.8, 30 males) were included.

After first treatment, a reduction of ≥ 50% in incontinence episodes was seen in 58% of patients with daytime urinary incontinence (DUI) and 47% of patients with nocturnal enuresis (NE). Adverse events, mainly urinary tract infections (UTI), were reported by 16% of patients after first treatment. Our analysis identified normal cystometric compliance as a significant predictor of treatment effect We estimated the mean duration of effect to be approximately 7 months.

Conclusions

Intradetrusor BoNT-A injection appears to be a safe and effective option in treating refractory urinary incontinent children with overactive bladder. We identified cystometric compliance as a predictor of response. Most children necessitate repeated treatments. Further prospective and controlled studies are necessary in order to fully identify predictors and potential of treatment.
Implementation and outcomes in benign gynecological surgery with HUGO™ RAS system 12 months initial experience
Authors: Yagur Yael , Martino Martin A. , Sarofim Mikhail , Almoqren Mohammed , Anderson Hayley , Robertson Jessica , Choi Sarah , Rosen David , Chou Danny
Published: September 2024

We share our experience with the Hugo™ Robotic-Assisted Surgery system in benign gynecological surgeries. We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent elective robotic surgeries for benign gynecological conditions at our surgical center from February 2023 to February 2024. Data collected included patient demographics, surgery indications, and outcomes. Perioperative data on port-placement time, arm configurations, docking, and console time were documented. Procedural outcome data including troubleshooting and overall satisfaction were also recorded. The primary outcome was perioperative data on port placement, docking time, arm configuration, and console time. The secondary outcome was defined as team satisfaction, system troubleshooting, arm repositioning, and complications graded 3–4 on the Clavien–Dindo Scale. A total of 60 patients underwent procedures for benign gynecological conditions using the Hugo™ RAS over the 12-month study period, primarily for pelvic endometriosis (53%), hysterectomies (27%), and adnexal surgery (10%). The mean port-placement time was 13 min and 41 s. In 31% of cases, low-port placement was used, with arm positioning being asymmetrical in 63% and symmetrical in 37%, demonstrating the system’s flexibility in customizing port configurations while optimizing cosmetic outcomes. Docking time averaged 5 min and 51 s, and console time was 1 h and 5 min. Operational challenges included arm tremors and limited workspace for the assistant. This study details our knowledge using the Hugo™ RAS. Learning curves of port placement, arm positioning, docking, and procedure time can be rapidly adapted in a well-trained team. Our experience suggests the technology is still in its learning curve period.
Data sharing practices: The interplay of data, organizational structures, and network dynamics
Authors: Fassnacht Marcel , Leimstoll Jannis , Benz Carina , Heinz Daniel , Satzger Gerhard
Published: September 2024

With the proliferation of data and advanced analytics, organizations are increasingly recognizing the potential value of sharing data across organizational boundaries. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence and systematic frameworks to guide the design of effective data sharing practices. Realizing the full potential of data sharing requires the effective design and implementation of data sharing practices by considering the interplay of data, organizational structures, and network dynamics. This study presents an empirically and theoretically grounded taxonomy of data sharing practices drawing on existing literature and real-world data sharing cases. The subsequent cluster analysis identifies four generic archetypes of data sharing practices, differing in their primary orientation toward compliance, efficiency, revenue, or society. From a theoretical perspective, our work conceptualizes data sharing practices as a foundation for a more systematic and detailed exploration in future research. At the practitioner level, we enable organizations to strategically develop and scale data sharing practices to effectively leverage data as a strategic asset.
Cofactor recycling strategies for secondary metabolite production in cell-free protein expression systems
Authors: Zou Yutong , Bailey Constance B.
Published: September 2024

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) has emerged as an attractive platform for biotechnology and synthetic biology due to its numerous advantages to cell-based technologies for specific applications. CFPS can be faster, less sensitive to metabolite toxicity, and amenable to systems that are not easily genetically manipulated. Due to these advantages, a promising application of CFPS is to characterize biosynthetic gene clusters, particularly those harbored within the genomes of microorganisms that generate secondary metabolites, otherwise known as natural products. In the postgenomic era, genome sequencing has revealed an incredible wealth of metabolic diversity. However, far more of these pathways are termed “cryptic,” i.e., unable to be produced under standard laboratory conditions than have been characterized. A major barrier to characterizing these cryptic natural products using CFPS is that many of these pathways require utilization of complex cofactors, many of which to date are not recycled efficiently or in an economically viable fashion. In this perspective, we outline strategies to regenerate cofactors relevant to secondary metabolite production in CFPS. This includes adenosine 5′-triphosphate, coenzyme A, redox cofactors (iron-sulfur clusters, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, flavin adenine dinucleotide), all of which play a crucial role in important biosynthetic enzymes. Such advances in cofactor recycling enable continuous production of complex metabolites in CFPS and expand the utility of this emergent platform.
How to communicate and what to disclose to participants in a recall-by-genotype research approach: a multistep empirical study
Authors: Tschigg Katharina , Consoli Luca , Brüggemann Norbert , Hicks Andrew A. , Staunton Ciara , Mascalzoni Deborah , Biasiotto Roberta
Published: September 2024

Recall-by-genotype (RbG) is a bottom-up approach using existing genetic data to design follow-up stratified studies. Genetic information may be partially disclosed at invitation, thus raising ethical issues which call for defined best practices for disclosure and communication in RbG approaches. Within the context of the ProtectMove sub-project of the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) study, we investigated research participant perspectives on RbG communication strategies (Step 1 and 4, questionnaire with a subsample of CHRIS participants with and without previous experience of RbG, respectively). Additionally, we explored researchers’ and study personnel’s experience with RbG (Step 2 and 3, focus group discussion). In step 1 (N = 95), participants were generally satisfied with the study process. Most (71.6%) wanted to know their carrier status for personal and collective benefit. Tailored disclosure strategies and transparent, effective, and well-thought-out communication approaches were advocated by study personnel (Step 2, N = 6) and researchers (Step 3, N = 7). Challenges in dealing with uncertainty, concerns caused by RbG invitations, and the possibility of misunderstanding were also raised. In step 4 (N = 369), participants valued being informed of study details at the first invitation stage, and generally felt comfortable towards RbG study invitations (58.5%) and to receiving genetic information after the study (58.5–81.6%). Comfort and perceived impact of disclosure of genetic information varied according to the type of variant being potentially disclosed. This study suggested designing communication strategies, based on clear and understandable explanations, sensitive to participant expectations and preferences, developing case-by-case solutions for disclosure.
Backdoor learning curves: explaining backdoor poisoning beyond influence functions
Authors: Cinà Antonio Emanuele , Grosse Kathrin , Vascon Sebastiano , Demontis Ambra , Biggio Battista , Roli Fabio , Pelillo Marcello
Published: September 2024

Backdoor attacks inject poisoning samples during training, with the goal of forcing a machine learning model to output an attacker-chosen class when presented with a specific trigger at test time. Although backdoor attacks have been demonstrated in a variety of settings and against different models, the factors affecting their effectiveness are still not well understood. In this work, we provide a unifying framework to study the process of backdoor learning under the lens of incremental learning and influence functions. We show that the effectiveness of backdoor attacks depends on (i) the complexity of the learning algorithm, controlled by its hyperparameters; (ii) the fraction of backdoor samples injected into the training set; and (iii) the size and visibility of the backdoor trigger. These factors affect how fast a model learns to correlate the presence of the backdoor trigger with the target class. Our analysis unveils the intriguing existence of a region in the hyperparameter space in which the accuracy of clean test samples is still high while backdoor attacks are ineffective, thereby suggesting novel criteria to improve existing defenses.
Vulnerability of Ecosystem Services and Functions of Elephant Marsh, Malawi, to Land Use and Land Cover Change
Authors: Makwinja Rodgers , Curtis Christopher J. , Tesfamichael Solomon G.
Published: September 2024

Elephant Marsh is among the Ramsar sites in Africa that exist in complex conditions where its ecosystem services and functions (ESFs) have changed in time and space. The past 24 years have seen it being exposed to various threats instigated by land use/land cover changes (LULCC). Assessing its vulnerabilities under LULCC scenarios is essential in understanding the trajectory of its ESFs and for framing practical policy responses. This paper characterizes the Elephant Marsh ESF threats (drivers), pressures, state, impact, and the effectiveness of responses. The integration of the Fuzzy Delph method and analytical hierarchy process ranked the threats. The vulnerability assessment results revealed that demographic indicators (0.92) posed the most critical threats, followed by socio-economic (0.84) and ecological indicators (0.76). LULCC that occurred in eight-year intervals (1998, 2006, 2014, and 2022) driven by human and environmental dynamics reduced Elephant Marsh ESFs evidenced by a decline in the cumulative resilience coefficient (0.57 to 0.15), and increase in extreme weather events cumulative coefficient (0.3 to 0.8), indicating vulnerability state. The most impacted ESFs include regulatory, supporting, provisioning, and cultural ESFs. The study further showed that the effort to restore these most vulnerable ESFs under the current changing climatic scenarios mismatched the demand for ecosystem provisioning services, evidenced by the expansion of cultivated and irrigated land at the expense of areas covered by water, marshes, and forests. This study recommends integrating climate change mitigation efforts and community resilience planning in the development and implementation of wetland policy, management plans, and restoration strategies.
Arterial anastomosis in LDLT: techniques and risks
Authors: Di Sandro Stefano , Catellani Barbara , Balci Deniz , Di Benedetto Fabrizio ,   The Micro-Surgical Study Group
Published: September 2024

Reconstructing the hepatic artery in adult living donor liver transplantation is technically challenging, with complications leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Early arterial thrombosis can result in a mortality rate up to 50%, often necessitating re-transplantation. The most common techniques for arterial anastomosis include end-to-end reconstruction with interrupted or continuous sutures, either using magnifying loupes or a microscope. Although microscopes provide enhanced precision, they do not significantly reduce early thrombosis rates compared to loupes but increase surgical time. Overall, surgeons can achieve early thrombosis rates below 1% with experience and evolving techniques.
Association between cognitive functioning and health-related quality of life and its mediation by depressive symptoms in older patients with kidney failure
Authors: Demirhan Imre , van Oevelen Mathijs , Skalli Zeinab , Voorend Carlijn G. N. , Mooijaart Simon P. , Meuleman Yvette , Verhaar Marianne C. , Bos Willem Jan W. , van Buren Marjolijn , Abrahams Alferso C. ,   DIALOGICA study group, Leurs P , van der Net J B , Cnossen T T , Goossens K , Neradova A , van Breda F , Eshuis M , Bunthof K L W , ter Meulen R , Dam R A G J , Konings C J A M , van Eck van der Sluijs A , Logtenberg S J J , Severs D , Polinder-Bos H A , Boonstra A H , van der Leeuw J , Vermeeren Y M , Hommes N H , van Buren M , Siezenga M A , Golüke M M S , Kallenberg M H , Hoogeveen E K , Kerckhoffs A P M , Cornelis T , Boorsma S , Bouwsma H , Michels W M , van den Dorpel R M A , Hoekstra B , Joosten J M H , Litjens E J R , Kramer A B , Kuijper A , Bosma R J , Romijn M D M , Adema A Y , Bontemps-Visser A , van Dam B , van der Meijden W , Boom H , van Kempen G , Klein H H T I , Bos W J W , Snoep J D , Schuurmans M H P J , Nauta F L , Franssen C F M , Diepenbroek A , Abrahams A C , Molenaar F M , François K , Wauters I , Krekels M , Plum F
Published: September 2024

Background

Impaired cognition, poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and depressive symptoms are common in older patients with kidney failure. Understanding what influences HRQoL is important, as older patients regard HRQoL as a health priority. This study examines whether cognitive functioning is associated with HRQoL and whether depressive symptoms mediate this effect in older patients with kidney failure.

Methods

Outpatients aged ≥ 65 years from 35 Dutch and Belgian hospitals with eGFR 20–10 mL/min/1.73 m2 were included from the ongoing DIALOGICA study. Cognitive functioning was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Depressive symptoms were screened with 2 Whooley Questions and thereafter assessed with the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. HRQoL was assessed using the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey. To assess whether cognitive functioning is associated with HRQoL, cross-sectional multivariable linear regression analyses were performed. Subsequent mediation analyses were performed with PROCESS using the product method.

Results

In total, 403 patients were included, with a mean age of 76.5 years (SD 5.8) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 14.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 (SD 3.0). Cognitive functioning was associated with mental HRQoL (adjusted β 0.30, 95% CI 0.05;0.55) but not physical HRQoL (adjusted β 0.18, 95% CI -0.09;0.44). This effect is mediated by depressive symptoms (adjusted β 0.14, 95% CI 0.04;0.25).

Conclusion

Lower cognitive functioning was negatively associated with mental HRQoL, which was mediated by depressive symptoms in older patients with kidney failure. Future research should explore whether cognitive interventions and treatment of depression improve HRQoL in this vulnerable patient population.

Graphical Abstract
Confronting the Giants of Neoliberalism, Managerialism, and Positivism: Emancipatory Praxis and the Pursuit of Peace
Authors: Sewpaul Vishanthie
Published: September 2024

While conflicts, wars, and structural violence compromise all of the sustainable development goals, the corollary argument is that without reducing environmental degradation, patriarchal power, poverty, hunger, and inequality there can be no peace. This means cutting to the chase of how social criteria such as race, class, ethnicity, and nationality intersect to reproduce exclusions, othering, and structural violence. Explosive inequalities, linked with neo-colonial imperialism, neoliberal racialised capitalism and gendered racism, and unprecedent migration flows as people are forced to flee from their homes on account of conflict, poverty, and climate-induced disasters, reflect the world’s crisis of values. Spinoza’s popular refrain “Peace is not an absence of war, it is a virtue, a state of mind, a disposition for benevolence, confidence, justice” links personal dispositions, attributes, and morality to the macro states of peace, violence, and war. So, does Gandhi’s assertion that peace between countries rests on the foundation of love between individuals, Bauman’s call to being for the Other, and Mandela’s demonstration of how love, compassion, forgiveness, and understanding of one’s oppressor can be transformed into broad socio-political forces of reconciliation and peace. In this article, I argue that the core values of social work, supported by an emancipatory social work theoretical approach, have much to contribute to peace at personal, inter-personal, community, and global levels. At the heart of emancipatory praxis lies the dialectical relationship between self and society, the transformation of societies through politicization of the self, characterized by an evolutionary consciousness that recognizes inter-connectedness and the inherent divinity of humanity.
Peopling for Profit in Imperial Brazil
Authors: Pérez Meléndez José Juan
Published: September 2024

Peopling for Profit provides a comprehensive history of migration to nineteenth-century imperial Brazil. Rather than focus on Brazilian slavery or the mass immigration of the end of the century, José Juan Pérez Meléndez examines the orchestrated efforts of migrant recruitment, transport to, and settlement in post-independence Brazil. The book explores Brazil's connections to global colonization drives and migratory movements, unveiling how the Brazilian Empire's engagement with privately run colonization models from overseas crucially informed the domestic sphere. It further reveals that the rise of a for-profit colonization model indelibly shaped Brazilian peopling processes and governance by creating a feedback loop between migration management and government formation. Pérez Meléndez sheds new light on how directed migrations and the business of colonization shaped Brazilian demography as well as enduring social, racial, and class inequalities. This title is part of the Flip it Open programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
Racial disparities in central line-associated bloodstream infections: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: DeWitt Michael E. , Sampson Mindy M. , Kester Shelley , MacNeill Emily , Passaretti Catherine
Published: September 2024

This retrospective cohort study analyzed differences in rates of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) in Black and White inpatients across 11 southeastern US hospitals from 2019 to 2021. Results showed higher CLABSI rates in Black patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, even after adjustment for COVID-19 infection and clinical factors.
Advising the prince: the pluralization of the internal policy advisory system in Italy (2019–2021)
Authors: Bandera Sabrina , Cattaneo Maria Chiara , Galanti Maria Tullia , Lippi Andrea
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the composition of the internal policy advisory system (PAS) in a Napoleonic country, Italy, where policy formulation and advice have traditionally been dominated by the Ministerial Cabinets, legal competences, and with a clear influence of political parties in the selection of experts. Based on the literature on the PASs, we argue that the role of the governments in shaping the systems of advice is growing and discuss how different trends push towards a pluralization of the advisers in the Napoleonic systems. Our research undertakes a unique mapping of the internal PAS in the second Conte government (2019–2021), in order to show if the Italian PAS is becoming more plural, and who are the advisors (in terms of how varied are their characteristics, skills and mandates). Our analysis combines the descriptive mapping of the internal PAS with qualitative interviews aimed at better understanding the move from the domination of the Ministerial Cabinet towards a complex and loosely coupled network of advisors.
Two-dimensional turbulence on the ellipsoid
Authors: Salmon Rick , Pizzo Nick
Published: September 2024

Two-dimensional turbulence transfers its energy towards the lowest mode in the domain, but domain geometry exerts a powerful control. On the sphere, with its three axes of rotational symmetry, angular momentum conservation prevents energy from entering the three lowest modes – those corresponding to the spherical harmonics

$Y_1^0$

and

$Y_1^{\pm 1}$

– because the amplitudes of these three modes are proportional to the three conserved components of the angular momentum vector. Non-spherical ellipsoids partly or completely break the rotational symmetry corresponding to angular momentum conservation. The flow on spheroids, which have only one axis of rotational symmetry, conserves only a single component of angular momentum. If the axis of symmetry is taken to be the

$z$

-axis, then only the

$z$

-component of angular momentum is conserved. Energy can flow into the other two lowest modes. The general triaxial ellipsoid breaks all rotational symmetries, thus angular momentum is not conserved, and energy can flow into any mode. We describe numerical experiments that confirm these predictions.
BETWEEN DISABILITY AND CULTURE: THE SEARCH FOR A LEGAL TAXONOMY OF SIGN LANGUAGES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Ferri Delia , Tekuchova Iryna , Krolla Eva
Published: September 2024

Since the 1960s sign languages have been identified as natural human languages and conceived of as a key feature of Deaf culture and identity. Eschewing the notion of disability, deaf advocacy organisations have connected the use of sign language to linguistic and cultural rights. Despite the clear preference of deaf advocates, the legal protection of sign languages remains uneven and somewhat difficult to grasp, being situated at the intersection of disability rights and linguistic rights. Few attempts have been made to identify the extent to which sign languages are recognised and enshrined within domestic legal systems. This article aims to propose a novel taxonomy that focuses on the normative conceptualisation of sign language and deaf people in national legislation. Based on a comparative analysis and focusing on European Union Member States, it identifies three main approaches: an explicit ‘minority’ approach—ie the express recognition of deaf persons as a linguistic minority; a more nuanced ‘cultural approach’—which acknowledges sign language as autonomous language and provides for promotional measures; and a ‘disability’ approach—which mandates and/or promotes the use of sign language primarily as an accessibility measure.
Need estimates of psychiatric beds: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mundt Adrian P. , Rozas-Serri Enzo , Fritz Francesco D. , Delhey Sabine , Siebenförcher Mathias , Priebe Stefan
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to review and synthesize the need estimates for psychiatric beds, explore how they changed over time and compare them against the prevalence of actually existing beds. We searched PubMed, Embase classic and Embase, PsycINFO and PsycIndex, Open Grey, Google Scholar, Global Health EBSCO and Proquest Dissertations, from inception to September 13, 2022. Publications providing estimates for the required number of psychiatric inpatient beds were included. Need estimates, length of stay, and year of the estimate were extracted. Need estimates were synthesized using medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs). We also computed prevalence ratios of the need estimates and the existing bed capacities at the same time and place. Sixty-five publications with 98 estimates were identified. Estimates for bed needs were trending lower until 2000, after which they stabilized. The twenty-six most recent estimates after 2000 were submitted to data synthesis (n = 15 for beds with unspecified length of stay, n = 7 for short-stay, and n = 4 for long-stay beds). Median estimates per 100 000 population were 47 (IQR: 39 to 50) beds with unspecified length of stay, 28 (IQR: 23 to 31) beds for short-stay, and 10 (IQR: 8 to 11) for long-stay beds. The median prevalence ratio of need estimates and the actual bed prevalence was 1.8 (IQR: 1.3 to 2.3) from 2000 onwards. Historically, the need estimates for psychiatric beds have decreased until about 2000. In the past two decades, they were stable over time and consistently higher than the actual bed numbers provided.
Unity and Disunity Today
Authors: St John Henry
Published: September 2024

Educated Catholics today are at least dimly aware that considerable changes are taking place among Protestants in regard to the problems set by Christian disunity. It is doubtful, however, whether the majority, even of educated Catholics, know just how considerable these changes are; still less do they envisage them as important. In this paper I propose to outline some of the facts concerning these changes and to attempt to interpret their significance for us.

From the Reformation in the sixteenth century, Constant fragmentation became a commonplace and accepted condition of Protestantism. On the continent, from the first, the two great movements initiated by Luther and Calvin were antagonistic, and in due course each produced its sub-divisions. Here in Britain Scottish Presbyterianism suffered, in the course of its history, at least a threefold fission, and the Elizabethan settlement of Anglicanism produced a number of non-conformist bodies, Baptists, Congregationalists and Methodists; and these in turn soon began to sub-divide.
Our Lady in the Scriptures
Authors: Potter Roland
Published: September 2024

From early childhood the Catholic is taught to realize something of our Lady's place in God's designs, and in course of time comes to learn that he who ‘suffered under Pontius Pilate’ was ‘born of the Virgin Mary'. So much for traditional Catholic teaching.
Prayer
Authors: Jarrett Bede
Published: September 2024

In prayer we have to manufacture our own prayer. ‘Prayer is the raising up of the mind and heart to God’—not the mind and heart but my mind and heart; it is personal—at least, it should be. It is an art like anything else is—an art to be learnt, not some special gift given to one and not to another. We all have it; some have it and don't use it. Take any other gift—memory, reasoning, will-power—we all have them to a certain degree.
Justice
Authors: Hill Edmund
Published: September 2024

When our Lord said ‘Blessed are they who hunger and thirst after justice', he did not mean, presumably, those who are out to get justice, agitators demanding justice for the workers, or men determined to defend the sacred rights of property. Blessed are they who hunger and thirst, not after the rights of justice, but after the virtue of justice, who are eager to do, not to receive justice. These are the ones who shall be filled.

This virtue of justice, being just, is not only a matter for judges or persons in authority. It is the very first virtue required of every Christian. And it is also very last virtue, the one that will be looked for by your judge at the end. On whether you are truly just or not will depend whether you go to heaven or to hell. Hell for the unjust, heaven for the just; the just to the right and the wicked to the left, and these shall go into everlasting punishment, but the just into life everlasting.
Meditation or Mental Prayer?
Authors: Dowling Adrian
Published: September 2024

It is consoling at times to reflect that whereas men have prayed to God from their earliest origins, it is only comparatively recently that they have probed and analysed the structure and development of prayer. Consoling, because of the vast and ever growing literature on the subject which, if anything, becomes more remote and obscure.

In the recently published Paternoster Series (Burns Oates and Washbourne, 1s. 6d. each), four of the six booklets are directly concerned with prayer—all are reprints—and are written by well-known writers. The Path of Prayer, by Fr Vincent McNabb, O.P., might be called 'prayer meditated',
Seasonal Prayer
Authors: E.B.
Published: September 2024

There is in our lives a natural rhythm to which we must all conform: we are born, we grow to adolesence, reach maturity and then die. This larger individual rhythm, which is repeated in all animate nature, has its smaller counterpart in each cell of our bodies, and then again our bodily functions fit into the larger rhythms of our lives. All the rhythms must in their turn harmonize with the mighty throb of nature herself, whose endless cycle of the seasons brings home to all of us our ultimate dependence upon the Creator—God himself.

Mankind used to be very conscious that he was only a small part of the whole: he was much more aware than he is today that he had his appointed place in the vast scheme of things, and that he must co-operate with, rather than go against, nature. He knew, too, that certain work had to be done at certain seasons of the year in order to live at all.
Alpha And Omega
Authors: Elwes Columba Cary
Published: September 2024

Alpha and Omega—these, the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet, are used to signify that Christ include within himself all. He is the beginning and the end, the sum total of all things, from which all creatures derive, to whom they all tend. This title is true of Christ because he is God from whom all creatures derive and towards whom they all tend. God is the sum total, the beginning and the end. But he is not the sum total or the beginning and the end in the Eastern sense that creatures are an emanation from God, that history is the slow return into God of all that came out.

We all derive from God as things made from nothing by the act of his power, we tend towards him as creatures who behave as he designed us to behave, and as godlike men with grace who will see God as he is in himself.
Images of the Bible
Authors: Gray Nicolette
Published: September 2024

I Need first of all to explain my title. The images which I want to think about are primarily images in the mind rather than actual pictures, statues, or such like; or rather I want to think about actual pictures from the point of view of the image which they evoke, and leave behind in the memory, which may live and grow there, and become part—a vital part—of that stock of symbols which in some sense or other exists in all our minds. Because it is in this way that images are part of the life of the Spirit. Or to put it in another way, the activity of the imagination is or should be part of religion—like every other human activity—and needs therefore to be trained and fed. The Church has, we all know, always believed in images; but it is so often thought today that the nature of the image does not matter, provided that it promotes devotion.
Silence and Prayer
Authors: Pease Armstrong Deborah
Published: September 2024

Throughout the Church at the present time there is a growing movement of return to a closer love and more popular understanding and sharing in the prayer of the Liturgy. To a system which sees an earthly paradise in terms of the community, the Christian faith contrasts the fundamental truth of divine revelation that the relationship between man and God is one between a community of persons. But within that shared life of Christians there often exists a longing for greater simplicity and directness in the approach of the individual to God. For a baptised Christian does not primarily join an earthly society or adopt an ideology, he enters into a relationship with God, with three divine persons. God gives himself, adopts the Christian, who must then discover how to receive his adoption, how to get out of his own way, how to ‘die in order to live'.
God's Commandos
Authors: Desbottes Marie
Published: September 2024

Life today is puzzling for many men and women. The problems and the answers to them are far from clear-cut; nor are they confined to those living entirely worldly lives; there are many seeking the things of the spirit who are having a time of difficulty and perplexity. The lay contemplative comes in for his or her fair share of these difficulties. It seems to these men and women that they have been given a very clear mandate by God. They are to live in the world and yet give him whole time service; thev are to follow as closely as they can yhe way of life that our Lord and his blessed Mother trod. They are increasingly aware of our Lord's words that some devils are only cast out by prayer and penance. It becomes more and more clear that most of our devils today are of this category and that God is leading these souls by a way of prayer and penance which is literally demanding whole-time service.
CARL SNYDER, THE REAL BILLS DOCTRINE, AND THE NEW YORK FED IN THE GREAT DEPRESSION
Authors: Hetzel Robert L. , Humphrey Thomas M. , Tavlas George S.
Published: September 2024

Carl Snyder was one of the most prominent US monetary economists of the 1920s and 1930s. His pioneering work on constructing the empirical counterparts of the terms in the equation of exchange led him to formulate a 4% monetary growth rule. Snyder is especially apposite because he was on the staff of the New York Federal Reserve Bank. Why, despite his pioneering empirical work and his position as an insider, did Snyder fail to effectively challenge the dominant real bills views of the Federal Reserve (Fed)? A short answer is that he did not possess a convincing version of the quantity theory that attributed the Great Depression to a contraction in the money stock produced by the Fed, as opposed to the dominant real bills view attributing it to the collapse of speculative excess.
On boom-bust stock market dynamics, animal spirits, and the destabilizing nature of temporarily attracting virtual fixed points
Authors: Gardini Laura , Radi Davide , Schmitt Noemi , Sushko Iryna , Westerhoff Frank
Published: September 2024

We propose a stock market model with chartists, fundamentalists and market makers. Chartists chase stock price trends, fundamentalists bet on mean reversion, and market makers adjust stock prices to reflect current excess demand. Fundamentalists’ perception of the stock market’s fundamental value is subject to animal spirits. As long as the stock market is relatively stable, fundamentalists neutrally believe in a normal fundamental value. However, fundamentalists optimistically (pessimistically) believe in a high (low) fundamental value when the stock market rises (falls) sharply. Our framework may produce boom-bust stock market dynamics that coevolve with waves of optimism and pessimism for parameter settings that would ensure globally stable stock market dynamics in the absence of animal spirits. Responsible for such a surprising outcome is the destabilizing nature of temporarily attracting virtual fixed points, brought about by animal spirits.
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program healthy eating incentives and fruit and vegetable spending across the month
Authors: Cuffey Joel , Lantz Candace , Newby Kara , Powers Alicia
Published: September 2024

Objective:

To estimate how incentives that encourage healthy eating among Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants impact intra-monthly variation in fruit and vegetable spending.

Design:

We used transaction data from three Alabama grocery stores participating in a programme that offered dollar-matching coupons for fresh produce. For each store, we calculated daily spending on fresh produce out of SNAP benefits and daily incentive coupon redemptions. We compared total daily spending on fresh produce and daily coupon redemptions on days over which SNAP benefits are distributed in Alabama with spending and redemption on days at the end of the month with no SNAP distribution.

Setting:

SNAP and incentive transactions in three Alabama grocery stores.

Participants:

SNAP participants purchasing fruit and vegetables April 2023–July 2023.

Results:

Daily spending with SNAP on produce dropped by 38% at the end of the month. Incentive coupon redemption did not significantly drop at the end of the month. The share of total SNAP spending going to fresh fruits and vegetables increased by two percentage points and the share of fresh fruits and vegetables spending coming from redemptions increased by ten percentage points at the end of the month.

Conclusions:

SNAP households may use incentive coupons to smooth drops in produce consumption at the end of the month. These findings also highlight trade-offs inherent in different delivery mechanisms for SNAP incentives.
Association between overweight/obesity and iron deficiency anaemia among women of reproductive age: a systematic review
Authors: Rachmah Qonita , Mondal Prasenjit , Phung Hai , Ahmed Faruk
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Numerous studies have examined the relationship between overweight/obesity and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) across diverse population groups, but a definitive link has not been clearly determined. This systematic review examined the association between overweight/obesity and IDA in women of reproductive age (WRA).

Design:

The initial search was performed in the CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. The studies included should report at least one Fe status with/without an inflammatory marker, using the BMI to define overweight/obesity. Only baseline data were extracted for longitudinal studies.

Setting:

Global.

Participant:

Pregnant or non-pregnant women aged 18–50 years.

Results:

In total, twenty-seven papers were included (twelve addressing pregnant women and fifteen addressing non-pregnant women). Overall, most of the studies reported no association between overweight/obesity and Hb concentration. However, a positive association was reported more frequently in pregnant women. The association between overweight/obesity and serum ferritin concentrations was mixed. Most of the studies on non-pregnant women reported a positive association. Only a few studies measured hepcidin and inflammatory markers, and the majority revealed an increased level among overweight/obese WRA. Among pregnant women, overweight/obesity was positively associated with anaemia and IDA but negatively associated with iron deficiency (ID). Meanwhile, overweight/obese non-pregnant women were positively associated with anaemia, ID and IDA.

Conclusions:

Overweight/obesity was associated with a decreased prevalence of anaemia and IDA but an increased prevalence of ID, while its association with several Fe markers was inconclusive. Further studies integrating the assessment of various Fe markers, inflammatory markers and hepcidin are needed.
Due Regard for Future Generations? The No Harm Rule and Sovereignty in the Advisory Opinions on Climate Change
Authors: Foster Caroline E.
Published: September 2024

States have long been understood to have an obligation to protect the international legal rights and interests of others, consistent with the maxim sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas (use what is yours in such a manner as not to injure that of another). As the world's population becomes more interdependent, this no harm obligation becomes more significant. Further, as knowledge increases about the consequences of human activity for the climate and the environment, the no harm obligation takes on greater relevance vis-à-vis the interests of the Earth's future populations. Future generations’ legal interests have been recognized in the context of sustainable development and through the principle of intergenerational equity. The no harm rule requires that these interests be properly considered and addressed appropriately, commensurate with what is at stake. At a minimum, this may require avoidance of ‘manifestly excessive adverse impacts’.
An Assessment of HF Radio Wave Propagation in Antarctica for a Radio Link Between McMurdo and South Pole Station
Authors: Liu B. , Perry G. W. , Chartier A. T.
Published: September 2024

In this work, we analyze data collected by an HF transmitter/receiver radio link, operating as an oblique ionosonde between the McMurdo Station (transmitter) and South Pole Station (receiver) at 4.1, 5.1, 6.0, 6.4, and 7.2 MHz between 28 February and 14 March 2019. To help contextualize the link's data we have performed numerical raytrace simulations to help understand the observations. By considering both the data and simulations, we have identified both single‐ and two‐hop E‐ and F‐region propagation modes in the data, where the multi‐hop modes were observed in the hours around sunrise and sunset in the 4.1 and 5.1 MHz channels. This is an unexpected result given the accepted wisdom that multi‐hop modes, which require a ground scatter component, cannot be supported in Antarctica because of the highly absorptive ice covering much of the continent. Our results show that multi‐hop propagation modes can be supported in the region under specific ionospheric conditions—around sunrise and sunset—if the mode's ground scatter component is collocated with the Transantarctic Mountains. The mountains are located along the great‐circle path between the link's transmitter and receiver. However, the combination of favorable ionospheric and ground scattering conditions makes the detection of the multi‐hop mode a rare occurrence in the data set analyzed here. These findings are critical to data analysis efforts of any current or future oblique ionosonde systems operating in Antarctica and other regions such as the Arctic.
High‐Resolution Fracture Dynamics Simulation of Pack‐Ice and Drift‐Ice Formation During Sea Ice Break up Events Using the HiDEM2.0 Code
Authors: Åström J. A. , Polojärvi A.
Published: September 2024

Creating accurate predictive models for drift and pack ice is crucial for a wide array of applications, from improving maritime operations to improving weather prediction and climate simulations. Traditional large‐scale sea ice dynamics models rely on phenomenological ice rheology to simulate ice movements. These models are efficient on large scales but struggle to depict smaller‐scale ice features. In our study, we use a new version of the HiDEM discrete element model software to examine the formation of drift and pack ice under various stress conditions. Our findings show that high‐resolution size distributions of ice floes are universal and multimodal, and that compression ridges form three distinct zones. Reproducing complex characteristics of this nature in a standard rheology model is challenging, suggesting that a combination of models may be necessary for more precise predictions of sea ice dynamics. We propose a potential hybrid algorithm that integrates these approaches.
A material change for ultra-high precision force sensing
Authors: Perrella Christopher , Dholakia Kishan
Published: September 2024

An original form of photonic force microscope has been developed. Operating with a trapped lanthanide-doped crystal of nanometric dimensions, a minimum detected force of the order of 110 aN and a force sensitivity down to 1.8 fN/$$\sqrt{{\rm{Hz}}}$$

Hz

have been realised. This opens up new prospects for force sensing in the physical sciences.
MRI textural plasticity in limbic gray matter associated with clinical response to electroconvulsive therapy for psychosis
Authors: Choe Eugenie , Kim Minah , Choi Sunah , Oh Harin , Jang Moonyoung , Park Sunghyun , Kwon Jun Soo
Published: September 2024

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective against treatment-resistant psychosis, but its mechanisms remain unclear. Conventional volumetry studies have revealed plasticity in limbic structures following ECT but with inconsistent clinical relevance, as they potentially overlook subtle histological alterations. Our study analyzed microstructural changes in limbic structures after ECT using MRI texture analysis and demonstrated a correlation with clinical response. 36 schizophrenia or schizoaffective patients treated with ECT and medication, 27 patients treated with medication only, and 70 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. Structural MRI data were acquired before and after ECT for the ECT group and at equivalent intervals for the medication-only group. The gray matter volume and MRI texture, calculated from the gray level size zone matrix (GLSZM), were extracted from limbic structures. After normalizing texture features to HC data, group-time interactions were estimated with repeated-measures mixed models. Repeated-measures correlations between clinical variables and texture were analyzed. Volumetric group-time interactions were observed in seven of fourteen limbic structures. Group-time interactions of the normalized GLSZM large area emphasis of the left hippocampus and the right amygdala reached statistical significance. Changes in these texture features were correlated with changes in psychotic symptoms in the ECT group but not in the medication-only group. These findings provide in vivo evidence that microstructural changes in key limbic structures, hypothetically reflected by MRI texture, are associated with clinical response to ECT for psychosis. These findings support the neuroplasticity hypothesis of ECT and highlight the hippocampus and amygdala as potential targets for neuromodulation in psychosis.