bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Rare Esophageal Atresia in a Trisomy 21 Newborn
Authors: Narjes Hazimeh  , Bassem Abou Merhi  , Kamal Kanso  , Fadi Iskandarani  , Fatima Ahmad  , Mohamad Cheet  , Fawzia Medlej  , Haidar Houmani
Published: April 2024

Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality encountered in humans, and it is caused by the presence of a third copy of chromosome 21, whether whole or merely a portion. Some of the conditions encountered more frequently in patients with Down syndrome are atresia (esophageal, duodenal, or small bowel), annular pancreas causing small bowel obstruction, imperforate anus, and Hirschsprung disease.
A study on the feasibility of online classes for medical education
Authors: Dr Seema Bose  , Dr Atindra Krishna Ghosh
Published: April 2024

Rationale: Emergence of COVID-19 pandemic has affected all aspects of human life including medical education. All teaching institutes, including medical colleges have been shut down to follow Government issued directives like stay at home and social distancing. In that case, online medical education is the only solution to cope up with the curriculum. A study on medical students’ response regarding online classes during this challenging period of COVID 19 pandemic was done. This study was undertaken to find out student’s perspective of advantages and disadvantages of online classes and how to make improvement for the benefit of learners. Total 87 medical students of second professional course were participated. A set of questions were asked online and their answers were noted. Student’s response was analysed. Majority of them admit that in this situation, online teaching is the only option but on the other hand, it cannot be a substitute of campus classes. According to medical students elearning cannot replace traditional faculty led training, but as a complement to it.
Clinical Features and Surgical Management of Varicose veins of Lower limbs
Authors: Dr Avtar Singh Gill  , Dr. Preet Harvinder Singh Gill
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Varicose veins are a common clinical condition affecting the lower limbs. Usually patient comes for a cosmetic problem, it can cause complications giving rise to significant morbidity if not treated in time. Different options are available for surgical management. The present study has been carried out to study demographic factors, evaluate clinical presentation and outcome of various modalities of management of varicose veins of lower limb. Material and Methods: This is a prospective, descriptive and observational study conducted at Department of General Surgery, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Government Medical College and Hospital Chamba Himachal Pradesh. Seventy cases admitted and operated from all the surgical units during the period of 2018 April to September 2019 were studied. All the patients presenting with varicose veins of lower limb, which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for this study. Results: In our study, maximum number of patients were in 18-30 years and predominant were male. In this series, 37 patients had varicosity in the left lower limb and 29 had varicosity in the right lower limb and the remaining 4 had bilateral limb involvement. Among them prominent veins and pain were the main complain in 56 (80%) patients. Itching and pigmentation were present in 6 (8.5%) patients. Ankle edema was present in 5 (7.1%) patients. Pain and ulceration of lower leg were present in 3 (4.2%) patients. Out of 70 cases studied, 32 (45.7%) had only long saphenous vein, 10 (14.3%) had short saphenous vein and in 9 (12.8%) cases both short and long saphenous were involved. In addition to long saphenous vein, incompetent perforators were present in 19 (27.2%) cases. Conclusion: Varicose veins are commonly seen in males, maximum in the age group of 18-30 years. Most common presenting symptom is visible dilated veins over lower limb but more than half of the patients present with one or more complications. Most commonly venous system involved is great saphenous vein system and most commonly involved perforators are below knee perforators. If cases are selected properly with good operative technique the complications are negligible. This surgical procedure followed enable the patients to lead almost a normal life.
Unipedal pectoralis major myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of skin defects in oral cancer surgery: A prospective study of 40 cases
Authors: Dr. Kaushik Hari  , Dr. Ashwatappa D  , Dr. Shaik Saleem Basha
Published: April 2024

Background: Reconstruction following oral cancer is very important part of the treatment defining both aesthetic and functional aspects. Options available for reconstructions are regional pedicle flaps and microvascular free flaps. Pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap is regarded as the workhorse for reconstruction in the area of oral cavity and neck. A unipedicle PMMC is a good option for reconstruction of full thickness defects after resection of tumors of oral cavity. Material and Methods: A study was undertaken on patients of soft tissue defects of head and neck region after resection of tumor of oral cavity (squamous cell carcinoma). Total 40 patients, who were treated in the department of surgical oncology were included in this study. Results: Gingivo-buccal complex was the most common site observed for oral malignancy and majority of patients were in TNM stage- III in this study. Flap survival was good in majority of cases excluding one case of total flap necrosis and 5 cases of minor edge necrosis. Conclusions: Unipedal PMMC flap is effective in reconstruction of full thickness defect of oral cavity defects even in the era of free flap reconstructions especially in developing countries. Despite few minor flap related complications PMMC flap survival rate is high and total flap necrosis rate is uncommon.
Prospective study of EUS guided ERCP or IOC approach in the detection of common bile duct stones in patients undergoing cholecystectomy
Authors: Dr Manish Joshi  , Dr. Roopa Bhushan  , Dr Ravindra BS  , Dr Ramesh Ardhanari
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Choledocholithiasis (common bile duct stones) develops in up to 20 percent of patients with gallbladder stones. It is generally accepted that stones in the common bile duct (CBD) should be removed, even if patients are asymptomatic, because they may be associated with severe complications such as pancreatitis and cholangitis. Materials and Methods: This is a Prospective and analytical study conducted at Department of Surgical Gastroentrology in a Tertiary care Teaching Hospital with suspected common bile duct stones consenting to study protocol were recruited and outcome on management was recorded for each arm of the study over a period of 1 year. In positive EUS group, therapeutic ERCP was performed at the same EUS session or later if CBD stone was found. In the EUS group negative for CBD stones, IOC was performed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Result: Mean patient age was 62 years (range, 44 to 74 years), 12 were women and 7 men. Eight of 19 patients (42%) had undergone a previous cholecystectomy; none had undergone previous ERCP. Seven patients (37%) had mild acute biliary pancreatitis (Glasgow score <3) at admission. Six patients, who were referred by other hospitals for EUS, previously had undergone MRCP without evidence of biliary stones. Conclusion: MRCP and EUS have only diagnostic roles, and ERCP is needed for therapeutic purposes. It has been suggested that, when CBDS are found at EUS, they should be treated in the same session. Ideally EUS should be performed in a facility that allows ERCP and to be performed immediately thereafter with no interruption.
Amit Jain’s System of Practice: From Modern to Super Modern Diabetic Foot Surgery
Authors: Dr Amit Kumar C Jain
Published: April 2024

One of the known diseases that have been neglected for decades is the diabetic foot. No wonder why it was called Cinderella of complications and often it was rendered as an orphan disease. However, over last one decade, one can notice development of various new concepts in this field. This article aims to highlight one such developments being the Amit Jain’s principle and practice for diabetic foot, which is the modern diabetic foot surgery system and with introduction of various new concepts recently, it has taken a leap to super modern diabetic foot surgery system, This system was aimed at standardizing and improvising the practice of diabetic foot.
A Comparative Study of Oral Methotrexate and Combination of Oral Methotrexate and Narrow Band Ultraviolet-B in Chronic Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: Dr. M. Swarna Kumar  , Dr M Sai Varun  , Dr. M. Sneha  , Dr. A. Vijaya Mohan Rao
Published: April 2024

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic common skin condition which alters the skin appearance, causes an inflammation in the outerepidermis, and proliferates the skin epidermal layers. It is influenced by both genomic and other external factors like environmental factors.1The most common lesions are red, scaly, sharply demarcated plaques that appear primarily on extensor surfaces. Psoriasis exhibits a chronic relapsing nature and variable clinical features. The cutaneous lesions are typically thus distinct for clinical diagnosis. Material & Methods: Prospective hospital based observational study. The study was conducted in Department of Department of Dermatology, Narayana Medical College, Nellore, A.P. Patients of chronic plaque psoriasis not responding to any other therapeutic modality. Initially a detailed history regarding the age of onset, the duration of illness, past modalities of treatment, family history of the disease, seasonal variation, other triggering factors, occupation were taken. The patients were explained regarding the duration of treatment, the need for regular follow up of therapy, clinic and probable side effects that could be encountered during treatment. Results: Among all (n=50 including group A and B, 25 of each) participants, relapse of treatment in weeks observed between the range of 6-12, mean was 9 with the standard deviation of 1.6 in group A. For group B relapse of medical regimen in weeks observed between the range 8-12, Mean was 10.5 with the standard deviation of 1.9 which is nearly similar in group A. This results were statistically significant as p= 0.01 where p<0.05. Conclusion: From our study it,we concluded that Combination therapy of oral methotrexate and NBUVB is found to be most effective, feasible from the economic point of view as well as the side effects profile and patient compliance.
Effect of intra ovarian injection of platelet rich plasma to patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR)- A Prospective Study
Authors: Dr Vipin Kumar  , Dr Kasturi R Nath  , Dr Swati Dongre  , Dr Asem Tokenova  , Dr Nargis Ashurova
Published: April 2024

Background: Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is among the common findings in infertile women with no significant underlying condition especially women with advanced age. The aim of this study was to investigate the intra-ovarian potential of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) administration on oocytesdependent variables in the DOR women. A few years ago, we used intrauterine PRP injection in patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) which led to noticeable findings. Nowadays, PRP is used more widely in reproductive medicine due to its regenerative potentials; however, not enough data is available on this issue. One of the new strategies for facing primary ovarian insufficiency is PRP therapy. Material and Methods: This is a Prospective cohort study conducted in three IVF Clinics Thane-India, Almaty-Kazakhstan and Tashkent- Uzbekistan from October 2021 to September 2022. All couples with failed IVF with diminished ovarian reserve as per ARSM definition between the age group of 35 to 45 (both inclusive). To standardize the definition of poor ovarian response, a European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology Working Group convened in Bologna and proposed that two of the following criteria be present to define whether a given low response to stimulation is truly representative of poor ovarian response: 1) Advanced maternal age (R40 years). 2) A previous poor ovarian response. Result: Demographic characteristics, baseline ovarian reserve markers and ultrasound findings of women included in the analysis Table 1. Women treated with PRP had significant improvement in biochemical and ultrasound markers of ovarian reserve. Notably, AMH levels were on average 72% higher following PRP (P < 0.001). Of the 124 women who underwent IVF/ICSI following participation in the study, those with previous PRP treatment yielded an average more than 1.5× the number of oocytes collected. Conclusion: This study revealed that the injection of PRP into human ovaries is safe and improves ovarian reserve markers as measured by antral follicle count and serum levels of AMH and FSH. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of PRP on pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing ART.
Platelet Count in Women with Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Authors: Mrs. K. Ayesha Siddikhakhatoon  , Dr. Macherla Bikshapathy
Published: April 2024

Objective: One of the most common and potential life threatening complications of pregnancy is pregnancy induced hypertension. This crosssectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between platelet count and pregnancy induced hypertension. Materials and Methods: This is a present crosssectional study was carried out in the Department of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maheshwara Medical College & Hospital over a period of 1 year among 60 subjects. The subjects for this cross-sectional study included consecutively - recruited Normotensive (n = 130) serve as a control, Non-Sever Pre-eclamptic (N = 35) and Severe pre-eclamptic (n = 35). All consenting, adult (≥ 18 years) pregnant women who were confirmed to have pregnancy induced hypertension by an Obstetrician constituted the subjects for these subjects. Results: A total of 200 pregnant women were included in the study. Platelet count and platelet crit levels tend to decrease as pre-eclampsia becomes more severe. In this study, no statistically significant differences were observed between the three groups in age, residence, number of pregnancies (gravidity), number of deliveries (parity), gestational age, and BMI, but there was a significant difference between the three studied groups with regards to SBP, DBP and MAP which increased with severity of preeclampsia (P<0.001). The value of PLT accounts 180(97–352) ×103/μl for pre-eclamptic women and 260(139–445) ×103/μl for normotensive pregnant women (p<0.001). Conclusion: Platelet indices, including platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and Platelet crit, havebeen identified as promising candidate markers for predicting preeclampsia in pregnant women. In the future, a serial examination of these indicators during several trimesters of pregnancy should be conducted.
Comparative study of intubating LMA and I-gel for ease of insertion and as a conduit for endotracheal intubation
Authors: Dr Girish M N
Published: April 2024

Background: A recently introduced supraglottic airway device (SAD) has been claimed to be an efficient supraglottic airway. It can also be used as a conduit for endotracheal intubation. However, LMA frequently used for this purpose; hence in this randomized study, success rate of blind tracheal intubation through two different SADs i-gel and LMA was evaluated. Methods: This is a prospective study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesia at Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre among 140 patients fulfilling the criteria. Fasting patients with ages 20-50 years undergoing elective procedures under general anesthesia with ASA physical status 1 and 2 and Mallampatti class I and II were included in the study. Whereas patients with ASA physical status 3 or 4, and having contraindications to insertion of LMA or i-gel™ such as; mouth opening less than 2 cm, increased risk of aspiration, anticipated difficult intubation and facemask ventilation, with Mallampatti class III to IV were excluded. Results: One of the groups was administered the I-gel (Group G) and the other group was given I-LMA (Group L). Two groups were statistically similar in terms of distribution of ASA physical status grading (p<0.05). Two groups were statistically similar in terms of mallampati score distribution. Distribution of duration of surgery was not statistically significant in both the groups (p>0.05). It was observed that insertion I-gel was easy in 50 out of 70 patients. Difficulin 56 out of 70 patients. Difficult to insertion took place in 14 patients. The comparison of ease of insertion between the two groups did not reveal any statistical significance (p>0.05). Conclusion: We concluded I-gel aids easy and rapid insertion as a supraglottic airway device, but when it is used as a conduit for blind endotracheal intubation, the failure rate is high as there is more incidence of oesophageal intubation. On the contrary, ILMA being a gold standard device meant for intubation guide has a high first attempt success rate for blind endotracheal intubation.
Spectrum of Cutaneous Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Arjun Baidya  , Ashim Kumar Halder  , Pijush Kanti Datta
Published: April 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disorder. It exhibits a variety of multisystem complications involving the blood vessels, skin, eye, kidney, and the nervous system during the course of the disease process. The skin shares both the effects of acute gross metabolic derangement and chronic degenerative changes of diabetes, as it is an actively metabolizing tissue. Materials and Methods: This is prospective and observational study conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Narayana Medical College, Nellore. Patients diagnosed to have DM after the age of 30 years, includingknown cases of type 2 DM already on treatment or newly detected diabetic patients, based on the American Diabetic Association criteria. The cutaneous features in diabetics were compared with that of normal controls. An attempt was made to find out any association between cutaneous features of DM and internal organ involvement due to diabetes. Results: This study showed that in specific cutaneous disorders, Dermatophytosis was present in 12(17.1%) patients in controlled group and 23(32.9%) patients in uncontrolled group. Candidiasis was present in 11(15.7%) patients in controlled group and 22(31.4%) patients in uncontrolled group. Bacterial Infection was present in 13(18.5%) patients in controlled group and 26(37.1%) patients in uncontrolled group. Acanthosis Nigricans was present in 8(11.4%) patients in controlled group and 24(34.3%) patients in uncontrolled group. Acrochordon was present in 18(25.7%) patients in controlled group and 32(45.7%) patients in uncontrolled group. Onychomycosis was present in 7(10.0%) patients in controlled and 1 1 (15.7%) patients in uncontrolled group. Conclusion: This study shows the prevalence and variety of DM skin and nail manifestations in an effort to further acquaint dermatologists and other clinicians with diabetic dermatologic manifestations. This study provides an overview that may facilitate earlier detection and treatment of thedisorder. Also, this matter can help physicians and endocrinologists to have a visualized idea of DM control and situation.
Clinical Study of non-traumatic causes and management of generalized peritonitis
Authors: Dr. Rambabu Pailla  , Dr. Poshala Nagendra
Published: April 2024

Background: Peritonitis refers to an inflammatory response of the peritoneum in the abdominal cavity in terms of activation of local mediator cascades by different stimuli. Therefore, bacterial, viral and chemical agents may cause inflammation of the peritoneal layer. Secondary peritonitis is usually due to spillage of gastrointestinal or genitourinary microorganisms into the peritoneal cavity as a result of loss of integrity of the mucosal barrier. Methods: Cross sectional observational study was performed. All patients admitted and treated for perforation secondary to non-traumatic hollow viscus perforation in surgical units of Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College, Nalgonda, Telangana, India, during the period of October 2019 - September 2021. A detailed history was taken and all the patients were subjected to thorough clinical examination. Patients subjected to laparotomy are followed in post-operative period to know the complications, morbidity and mortality rates. General condition at the time of admission was monitored by noting presenting complaints, pulse, BP, respiratory rate, hydration status. Operative findings were recorded. Necessary surgical intervention done is recorded; post operatively patients will be followed up for any complications. Each case will be studied as per the proforma. Results: The most common age group was 40- 60yrs (53.3%) in the present study. Major etiological factor noted is gastric perforation and next is appendicular perforation& duodenal ulcer perforation. In this study pain abdomen was the predominant symptom and was presented in all cases (100%). In this study guarding/rigidity was seen in all cases (100%). Most of the cases had a mean duration of 10-19days of hospital stay. Mortality rate was found to be 16.6%. Conclusion: In our study, youngest age of small intestine perforation was 23years and oldest was 80 years. Most cases had a duration of hospital stay of 10- 19 days. Main presenting complaint was pain abdomen, vomiting, fever and distension of abdomen. Risk factors for perforations were smoking, tobacco, alcohol and NSAIDs.
Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Towards Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dr. M.Kala  , Jothisree M  , Sindhu S
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was recognized and has caused serious illness and numerous deaths. The ultimate scope and effect of this outbreak are unclear at present as the situation is rapidly evolving. The disease causes respiratory illness (like the flu) with main clinical symptoms such as a dry cough, fever, and in more severe cases, difficulty in breathing. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical students towards corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among undergraduate medical students in India from September 2020 to February 2021. Participants were recruited using a snowball sampling technique and all data were collected via an online self-reported questionnaire using Google Forms (http://forms.google.com/) as the data collection period coincided with implementation of the COVID-19 lockdown policy in India. Socio-demographics characteristics, social interaction history, information-seeking behavior, as well as knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 were collected through a self-reported questionnaire. A p-value of <0.04 indicated statistical significance. Results: A total of 2000 eligible participants completed the survey, 71.5% of whom were female, and their mean age was 19.4 years old (SD = 2.1). Almost all had sufficient knowledge (87.1%) and good preventive practice (93.6%) towards COVID-19; however, there was also a rather low level of positive attitude recorded, at 65.7%. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the female participants, and the receiving of information from the official websites, reported a significantly higher level of good practice. Conclusion: Many undergraduate medical students in India had positive attitude and practice against COVID-19, yet only a few had adequate knowledge. This warrants further interventions to keep them updated with COVID-19 evidence to maximize their potentials in raising public awareness on COVID-19.
Local Anesthesia Versus Spinal Anaesthesia for Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Comparison
Authors: Dr. Rajesh Jasti  , Dr. Yenegalla Shiva  , Dr. Nikith Patil
Published: April 2024

Background: Repair of an inguinal hernia is among the most common surgical procedures done today. Local anesthesia has surpassed spinal and general anesthesia as the method of choice for hernia operations performed on the same day. Advantages include less suffering after surgery, getting up and moving around sooner, spending less time in the hospital, and saving money. Methods: This prospective study was carried out in Department of General Surgery, Malla Reddy Medical College for Women, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, from September 2021 to August 2022, and it included 26 cases of inguinal hernia. Following admission to the hospital, a full history was gathered, as well as a thorough clinical examination. Results: The ages of the patients in the current study varied from 22 to 77 in group A, and from 18 to 76 in group B. Group A patients had a mean age of 46.216.64, whereas Group B patients had a mean age of 42.5616.71; both groups consisted primarily of males. Two groups, A and B, were created from the 26 patients. Participants' ages ranged from 19 to 70 in Group A, and from 43 to 77 in Group B. In Group A, there were 4 cases of direct inguinal hernia and 9 cases of indirect hernia, whereas in Group B, there were 3 cases of direct inguinal hernia and 10 cases of indirect hernia. Conclusion: Although effective and inexpensive, the method has substantial economic benefits because to the low morbidity, low recurrence rate, and speedy return to ordinary activities. The patient can be discharged sooner, and complications from the anesthesia are less likely to arise. If successful, it may one day replace open surgery as the go-to method for fixing groin hernias.
A Descriptive Research of Decreased Heart Rate Variability as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease in Young, Healthy Adults with Low and High BMI Indexes
Authors: Srinath Ramamurthy  , Azarudeen MJ  , Radhika Nalliah  , Pavan Kumar Gollapalli
Published: April 2024

Background and objectives: HRV is used to evaluate autonomic nervous system input to the heart. Several studies have examined the effect of HRV on underweight status. To assess HRV in age-matched young people with varying BMI categories. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on healthy young adults between the ages of 18 and 25. Variables of anthropometrics were measured. ECG was recorded for 5 minutes in lead II setup. Kubios HRV analyzer was used to evaluate heart rate variability. Results: HRV indices were lower in the underweight, overweight, and obese BMI groups compared to the normal weight group. Both genders exhibit an inverted U-shaped association between BMI and HF log power based on second-order polynomial regression. The correlation between BMI, waist circumference, and body fat (%) and HRV indices demonstrates a substantial relationship with heart rate variability, with waist circumference (WC) exhibiting a stronger relationship than BMI. Comparing HRV parameters between men and women of different BMI groups reveals that women exhibited more heart rate variability than men across BMI groups. Conclusion: Underweight individuals share the same elevated cardiovascular risk as the obese, and abdominal obesity is a more accurate predictor of cardiovascular risk than the body mass index (BMI).
A Study on Anti-Tubercular Drug Resistance Pattern in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Dr Aravind Sai Kalinga  , Dr Earjala Raju  , Dr Mood. Rajeev Naik  , Dr Gourelly Latha  , Dr. Sandiri Durga Keerthi  , Dr M. Narender
Published: April 2024

Background: Tuberculosis is one of the oldest infectious diseases known to mankind. Archaeological evidences from ancient civilizations have shown the existence of tuberculosis in the prehistoric era. Even though effective chemotherapy for tuberculosis has been available for decades, tuberculosis still remains as a public health challenge all over the world. Over the years not only the medical implications but also the social and economic impact of tuberculosis has been enormous. AIM: To measure anti-tubercular drug resistance pattern at S.V.S. Medical College and Hospital, Mahabubnagar District. Material & Methods: Prospective hospital based observational study. The study was carried out in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, S.V.S Medical College and Hospital, Enugonda, Mahbubnagar. Mar. 2021 – Feb. 2022. Patients with both Pulmonary and Extra pulmonary tuberculosis who were attending to the study facility. study consisted of 50 subjects. 1.Collection of samples (sputum, bronchial wash, pleural fluid, synovial fluid & lymph node tissue). 2. Staining method was done by Fluorescence microscopy staining procedure. 3.Grading of the slide as per WHO. 4. Culture & DST was done on L-J medium and Proportionate method. Results: Among the resistant cases, isolated R resistance was observed in 10 cases (33.3%), R with H was observed in 12 cases (40%), R with S was observed in 2 cases (6.66%), R with H, S & Lfx was observed in 2 cases (6.66%) and R with H & S was observed in 1 case (3.33%). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that levels of R, MDR & XDR are more than expected levels when compared with other studies conducted in India as per global DRS guidelines. In view of these results, Multidrug resistance continues to be a serious problem in Mahbubnagar District of TELANGANA. R resistance can be considered as a surrogate marker for MDR-TB. On the basis of these results, it is now necessary to conduct more DRS in much larger population.
Volunteer and NGO Matching Platform
Authors: Sandeep Mishra  , Akanksha Tiwari  , Ved Trivedi
Published: April 2024

According to a poll conducted in 2021, during the epidemic, the number of donors in India increased by 43%. During the pandemic, Indian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) volunteered their services in every manner conceivable, and they still do. However, over the years, the proportion of volunteers has remained consistent. This demonstrates a disconnect between the general population and nonprofits as well as volunteerism. Establishing a platform that connects these volunteers with other charitable organizations would be crucial. The "Volunteer Matching Platform" project may be able to bridge this gap. This web-based platform is intended to facilitate volunteer connections between non-governmental organizations and local groups. NGOs will use this platform to promote their events to the nation's citizens. On the other hand, volunteers will be able to browse through the available opportunities, filtering based on their interests, location, and availability.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Selenium in Food Items
Authors: Komal Pareek  , Pooja V. Jagasia
Published: April 2024

Selenium (Se) is an essential element that is obtained from food. To increase the level of selenium in the body, we should consume selenium-rich foods in our diet. The objective of this study was to develop a simple spectrophotometric method for the quantitative analysis of selenium present in food. This study included six food items such as broccoli, cabbage, red cabbage, fenugreek, garlic, and ginger. The new method is based on the yellow colour complex formed by the reaction between 2% potassium iodide and 0.2% pyridine in acidic medium with the selenium. Absorbance was measured at 400 nm against the reagent blank. The results of the above proposed method were compared with the reference method of using potassium iodide and starch as reagents. The selenium content in the examined food samples was determined from the regression equation of the calibration curve y= 0.0799x+0.3477 respectively. All the analyses were performed in triplicate, and the results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The highest mean selenium value was obtained in ginger and garlic 18.70 & 18.32 µg/g, respectively among all the studied samples, while the lowest value was in fenugreek seeds 7.38 µg/g. The proposed method is simple, rapid, sensitive, and obeys Beer–Lambert’s law. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine food items.  Selenium has been quantitatively analysed for its potential to protect the body from many degenerative diseases. Selenium-rich food, as studied here, should be used as a supplement in the human diet.
An Empirical Study of Influence of Emerging Growth of Electronic Commerce on Traditional Business Practices in India
Authors: Dibyendu Banik  , Sourav Shil
Published: April 2024

Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) is rapidly becoming the biggest contributor to the growth of the global economy in the present business landscape. This e-commerce business revolution is being witnessed in the home market of India as well. In India, the e-commerce players have improved the quality of the goods and services and made the Indian consumer very happy by offering discounts, cash-back, and other attractive offers. On the one hand, they have created new and many job opportunities. On the other, they are challenging traditional business institutions and India’s unorganised sectors with fierce competition and huge challenges. In this research paper, we look at the pros and cons of e-commerce for both traditional firms and consumers.
Application of Water Quality Index in Assessing water Quality: A Case Study of the Shatt Al Arab River.
Authors: Hadi Hamza Zuhal Abdul
Published: April 2024

This investigation pertains to the evaluation of water quality in the Shatt Al-Arab River, located in the Basrah province of southern Iraq, from 2017 to 2022. Its quality should be assessed regularly, and the condition of water resources should be maintained accordingly. The most common analytical method for describing and assessing general water quality is the Water Quality Index (WQI).  Various physicochemical parameters like pH,  total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and total alkalinity are considered for the present study. The Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index Technique is used to evaluate these data. For checking the portability of the parameters within the acceptable limit, WHO is adopted. According to the study mentioned above, the quality has been found to be very low compared to the WQI value. It is also observed that the water was found unsuitable for drinking purposes, and it is considered harmful to human health; therefore, it requires some kind of processing before use. This study will be beneficial to policymakers for identifying and providing details about water quality in the form of a specific value.
A Sociophonetic Study on the English Accent Varied among Three England National Footballers
Authors: Pires Sidónio António , Ena Ouda Teda
Published: April 2024

English accents have been under discussion by many researchers. It seems that English native speakers still lack cohesion in terms of phonetic features. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the English accents that varied among England’s national footballers to find out what sounds are practiced and how they are categorized socially. Three of them, namely Harry Kane, Luck Shaw, and Harry Maguire, and their interview videos were used as instruments in this study. The data gained were analyzed qualitatively to elicit meaning, gain understanding, and develop empirical knowledge. To help analyze and generate the findings, Estuary English, Received Pronunciation, and Cockney accents were also highlighted here in this study. The findings revealed that these three players happened to share a prestige accent, namely Estuary English, which contains RP and Cockney accents. It is confirmed when the three of them share the most common phonetic features, such as t-glottalization and th-glotalization. For the l-vocalization, it was difficult to determine which accent they belonged to because it was not used often. For h-dropting, neither of the speakers used h-dropping. However, it is also found that each player still has a regional accent.
Fan Art in E-Commerce Marketplace Copyright Protection: A Study of the Chinese Experience
Authors: Pokrovskaya Anna , Gronic Irina
Published: April 2024

This research article aims to explore the Chinese experience in dealing with fan art within the copyright protection framework on e-commerce marketplaces. The findings highlight the complex relationship between fan art, copyright infringement, and e-commerce platforms in China. While fan art has become a significant cultural phenomenon and a means of artistic expression, it often infringes upon the copyrights of the original creators. The article examines the legal implications and challenges associated with fan art, focusing on its impact on intellectual property rights and the e-commerce environment. Furthermore, the study analyzes the measures taken by Chinese e-commerce marketplaces and the government to address the issue of copyright infringement in fan art. The research evaluates the effectiveness of existing copyright protection mechanisms, such as takedown notices, filtering technologies, and legal enforcement actions. This article investigates the Chinese experience in dealing with fan art within the copyright protection framework on e-commerce platforms. The article also explores the impact of Chinese internet culture and the attitudes of fan artists and consumers toward copyright protection. Additionally, it investigates the opinions and experiences of copyright holders in relation to fan art on e-commerce platforms. Overall, this research article provides valuable insights into the Chinese experience of addressing fan art within the copyright protection system on e-commerce marketplaces. By understanding the challenges and potential solutions, policymakers, copyright holders, and e-commerce platform operators can gain perspectives and develop strategies for adapting copyright protection mechanisms in the digital era.
 
Received: 24 December 2023 | Revised: 28 February 2024 | Accepted: 16 March 2024
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
The data that support this work are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Anna Pokrovskaya: Conceptualization, Investigation, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition. Irina Gronic: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.
Diagnosis and treatment of Eagle’s syndrome and possible complications
Authors: Kozakovičová Veronika , Onderka Arnošt , Res Oldřich , Stránský Jiří , Kondé Adéla , Štembírek Jan
Published: April 2024

Background: Eagle’s syndrome (ES) is a term describing a group of symptoms associated with the elongation of the styloid process (SP) of the temporal bone or with ossification of the stylohyoid ligament. Clinically, it manifests through pain in the orofacial and pharyngeal regions, similar to that experienced by patients with temporomandibular joint disease. The presented paper aims to assess the evaluation of the success of surgical treatment and the complications associated with such treatment. Methods: Our retrospective study includes nine patients with ES treated in our Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in years 2019–2023 (median age of 47 years) – all patients affected with this disease out of 2,716 patients examined at our department due to a temporomandibular joint disease. Eight of these patients underwent a surgical resection of the SP. The success and complications in these patients are evaluated in this study. Results: In seven patients, the problems disappeared or at least diminished, which is consistent with data from the literature. Postoperative complications such as deficit of the marginal branch of the facial nerve (n. VII), limited sticking the tongue out (n. XII), and velopharyngeal insufficiency (n. IX) occurred in three patients. Conclusion: The wide spectrum of clinical manifestations makes ES a condition that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorders, post-traumatic conditions, or complicated eruption of wisdom teeth or their extraction. ES can be treated conservatively or (mostly) surgically. Surgical treatment can be relatively successful and effective, but it is necessary to respect the anatomical placement of the SP, which can be associated with the development of complications, especially in cases with extremely long SP.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence based Detection and Early Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovaries Syndrome using Optimized Hybrid Deep Learning Technique
Authors: Amol Bajirao Kale  , Preeti Baban Lokhande  , Ramshi Purushottam Pathak  , Shivaji Arun Shinde
Published: April 2024

Customer satisfaction is directly related with the customer retention. The marketer should understand the needs and expectations of his customers for making an effective marketing strategy. Measurement of customer satisfaction enables the firm to deliver maximum value to the customer. Delivering the values to customers facilitates in the creation of loyal customers. The main thrust area among these challenges is the dissatisfaction of customers. The main reason behind this dissatisfaction is the expectations of modern customers who are tech-savvy guys. The digitalization in the area of business is likely to continue in future which will create more challenges before the marketers. Hence customer satisfaction cannot be ignored in the modern digital age
Experimental Study of Manufacturing of Precast Paver Blocks from Local Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Armaan Shaikh  , Onkar Shejwal  , Aditya Thakur
Published: April 2024

The project aims to revolutionize paving block production by utilizing plastic waste instead of cement, potentially reducing costs compared to traditional concrete blocks. In India, where millions of tons of plastic waste are generated annually, finding ways to repurpose this waste into paving blocks could significantly decrease environmental plastic pollution. Our experimentation involved mixing plastic waste with quarry dust, coarse aggregate, and other materials to create the paving blocks. Through testing and analysis, we assessed the effectiveness of these blocks. Ultimately, our goal is to offer a practical solution to both mitigate plastic waste and make paving blocks more economically accessible. Plastic waste poses significant environmental challenges due to its non-biodegradable nature, causing pollution and harm to ecosystems. Despite efforts in plastic recycling, much of it still ends up in landfills or incinerators due to quality concerns with recycled materials. Similarly, construction and demolition waste (C&D Waste) contribute to landfill overflow, but it also holds potential for manufacturing precast paver blocks. It can even replace a portion of aggregates in concrete without compromising its strength. By exploring these avenues, we strive to address both plastic and construction waste issues while offering sustainable solutions in paving block production
Infrastructural Development under BADP in Dibang Valley District of Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Ravi Mihu  , Prof. Tasi Kaye
Published: April 2024

Border Area Development Programme (BADP) was started in western international border with Pakistan, during the Seventh five-year Plan (1986-87) with the twin objectives of balanced development of sensitive border areas through adequate provision of infrastructure facilities and promotion of a sense of security amongst the local population. However, in the case of Arunachal Pradesh, BADP was first introduced in 1997-98, allocating Rs 4.00 crores for implementation across 33 schemes. This study made an attempt to investigate the overview infrastructure development status of BADP in Arunachal Pradesh. Further, the purpose of the study is to investigate the attitudes towards the assets created under BADP. The study is descriptive and analytical in nature.For the present study, Stratified Random Sampling under Probability Sampling Techniques was used. 40 samples were randomly taken from study areas
Survey on Eye Gaze Tracking to Control Cursor Movement
Authors: Vinutha N  , Anusha N  , Anusha P  , Punyashree C  , Vishwas RP
Published: April 2024

In Controlling the mouse by a physically challenged person is really a tough one. To find a solution for the people who cannot use the Mouse physically, we have proposed this mouse cursor control using Eye Movements. Eye gaze is an alternative way of accessing a computer using eye movements to control the mouse. For someone who fine touch screens, mouse inaccessible, eye gaze is an alternative method to allow a user to operate their computer, using the movement of their eyes. Eye movement can be regarded as a pivotal real-time input medium for human-computer communication, which is especially important for people with physical disability. In order to improve the reliability, mobility, and usability of eye tracking technique in user-computer dialogue, a novel eye control system is proposed in this system using Webcam and without using any extra hardware. The proposed system focuses on providing a simple and convenient interactive mode by only using user’s eye. The usage flow of the proposed system is designed to perfectly follow human natural habits. The proposed system describes the implementation of both iris and movement of cursor according to iris position which can be used to control the cursor on the screen using webcam and implemented using Python
Indications, response, and side effects of biologic treatment in Behçet’s disease: an 8-year study with follow-up
Authors: Shenavandeh Saeedeh , Aflaki Elham , RastiJahromi Maryam Rasti , Haghighi Afshin Borhani , Nazarinia Mohammad Ali
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The treatment of Behçet’s disease has improved significantly with the introduction of biologic therapies. However, there is still a need for more information about their use. This study aimed to evaluate the indications, response, and side effects of biologic agents in patients with refractory or severe Behçet’s disease in the south of Iran, their follow-up and reasons for changing the biologics.

Material and methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 44 patients aged 16–65 years who were prescribed biologic agents for at least 6 months. The clinical history, partial and complete remission at 6 and 12 months, occurrence of side effects, and need for switching to a second or third biologic agent were recorded.

Results

The most common indications for starting biologic agents were ophthalmic (68.2%), parenchymal brain involvement (15.9%), and arthritis (11.4%). Improvement was observed in various manifestations of Behçet’s disease, with complete remission in 86, 51.6, 92.8, 66.7, 42.9, 33.3, and 80.0% of oral aphthous lesions, ophthalmic activity, genital aphthous lesions, skin activity, arthritis, brain parenchymal lesions, and vascular activity, respectively, 6 months after starting biologic agents. These rates were unchanged or increased at the 12-month follow-up. In 25.0% of patients, a switch to a second biologic agent was necessary due to severe disease, side effects, or refractory disease. Side effects occurred in 16.3% and 33.3% of patients on the first and second biologic agents, respectively. The majority of side effects were not serious.

Conclusions

We found a promising improvement at 6-month and 12-month follow-ups with various biologic agents in treating Behçet’s disease with an acceptable safety profile.
Pilotanlage zur Herstellung von klimaneutralem Kraftstoff: Druckluft-Know-how für ein Zukunftsprojekt
Authors:   Christian Schlueter
Published: April 2024

In das „Haru Oni“-Pilotprojekt zur Erzeugung von grünem Kraftsto sind zahlreiche Firmen involviert, die innovative Verfahren und Technologien zur Verfügung stellen. So auch Boge: Das Unternehmen liefert die zum Betrieb der Anlage nötige Druckluft sowie Sticksto . Darüber hinaus konzipierte der Hersteller von Druckluftsystemen eine spezielle Anlage zur Speicherung und Verdichtung von CO2.