bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Crack Patterns in Calcified Plaque on Lumen Area after Stenting for a Severe Calcified Coronary Artery (from the Optical Frequency Domain Imaging-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Artery Intervention for Calcified Lesion Registry)
Authors: Higami Hirooki , Matsuda Hiroaki , Tateyama Hikaru , Suzuki Yoriyasu , Kaitani Kazuaki
Published: February 2022

Background. Severely calcified coronary artery stenting remains a challenge due to stent thrombosis, target vessel failure, and higher mortality. Moreover, optimal vessel preparation for calcified plaque with a crack formation pattern has not been established yet. We aimed to identify the effect of crack formation in calcified plaque in the coronary artery on the lumen area after stenting. Materials and Methods. We evaluated 50 consecutive patients undergoing drug-eluting stent implantation for severely calcified lesions by using optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) (54 lesions); we analyzed OFDI image slices every 3 mm and evaluated the segments of 242 images in those who had the arc of calcium more than 180°. Crack formation in calcified plaque was classified into three types: type 0, no cracks; type 1, no dissection between calcified plaque and vessel wall; and type 2, any dissection between calcified plaque and vessel wall. Results. Type 2 had a significantly higher area expansion ratio between preballooning and poststenting (type 0, 196% (interquartile range (IQR), 163–244); type 1, 210% (IQR, 174–244); type 2, 237% (IQR, 203–294)). Conclusions. The dissection between calcified plaque and vessel wall was a significant factor affecting lumen area expansion after stenting.
Cobalt (II)-Mediated Molecularly Imprinted Polymer as a Monolithic Stationary Phase for Separation of Racemic Citronellal by Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Amalia Suci , Rafika Nilna Assasiatur , Hardiyanti Shova Audinia , Ashari Adi Dwi , Khabibi Bhisma Wildan , Iftitah Elvina Dhiaul , Warsito Warsito , Hasanah Aliya Nur , Sabarudin Akhmad
Published: February 2022

A metal-mediated molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) monolithic column was prepared as the stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and applied to the enantiomeric separation of rac-citronellal. MMIP column was prepared through in situ copolymerizations with the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate/[BMIM][BF4] as the primary pore-forming agent and cobalt(II) acetate as the metal pivot. Interactions between polymer components in the synthesized monolith were assessed by FTIR to identify the functional groups. The monolith morphology was characterized with SEM, and the template removal was detected by UV Spectrophotometry at 253 nm. In this study, (R)-(+)-citronellal was used as a template, whereas 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) was employed as the functional monomer with two monomer crosslinkers, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM), and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA). The ternary mixture of porogenic solvent consisted of [BMIM][BF4], dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with the applied ratio of 1 : 1:1 (v/v) and 10 : 1:5 (v/v) for the preparation of MMIP using TRIM and EDMA crosslinkers, respectively. Co(II) ion was added to the porogenic solvent before being mixed with the functional monomer and the crosslinker mixtures. Separating the rac-citronellal was achieved on the synthesized MMIP, showing better selectivity than the monolithic metal-mediated nonimprinted polymer (MNIP), nonimprinted polymer (NIP), and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP).
Online Small Sample Learner Modeling and Curriculum Recommendation with Healthy Emotional Factors of College Students
Authors: Li Xia , Di Ruibo , Cai Jun
Published: February 2022

Online education is a popular way for college students at present, and it is also a good compensation way to meet the special situation that traditional offline teaching cannot complete the teaching task. Traditional classroom teaching methods have been difficult to meet the learning requirements of contemporary college students, while online classroom has made up for the shortcomings of traditional classroom teaching to some extent because of its short class hours, prominent focus, and online mobile learning. First, this paper proposes an online SSL (small sample learner) model for college students to integrate healthy emotional factors. The characteristics of learners are divided into three categories: basic characteristics of learners, characteristics of behavioral factors, and characteristics of emotional factors, and the problem of solving mapping functions is transformed into the problem of solving kernel functions. Second, a novel curriculum recommendation model integrating healthy emotional factors is proposed, which fully considers the influence of user comments on similarity and transforms the similarity of users in the overall score of the project into the similarity of users in the emotional tendency of the special attributes of the project. Through the experimental evaluation, the accuracy and stability of the recommendation are greatly improved.
Antibacterial Activities and Synergistic Interaction of Citrus Essential Oils and Limonene with Gentamicin against Clinically Isolated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sreepian Apichai , Popruk Supaluk , Nutalai Daranee , Phutthanu Chayanit , Sreepian Preeyaporn M.
Published: February 2022

Citrus reticulata Blanco and Citrus aurantifolia are the edible plants which contain several biological properties including antibacterial activity. The aims of the present study were to determine the chemical compositions and evaluate antibacterial activities of citrus essential oils extracted from the fruit peels of C. reticulata (CREO) and C. aurantifolia (CAEO), alone and in combination with gentamicin, against a panel of clinically isolated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (n = 40) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) (n = 45). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that 12 and 25 compounds were identified in CREO and CAEO with the most predominant compound of limonene (62.9–72.5%). The antibacterial activities were determined by agar disk diffusion and resazurin-based microdilution methods. The results found that almost all MRSA isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and clindamycin, and some isolates were resistant to gentamicin. CREO and CAEO exhibited inhibitory effects toward clinical isolates (MIC: 1.0–32.0 and 8.0–32.0 mg/mL, respectively), with a similar trend to limonene (MIC: 1.0–32.0 mg/mL). However, the higher antibacterial effects were found in CREO and limonene when compared to CAEO (p < 0.01). In combination effect, the results showed the synergistic interaction of gentamicin with CREO and limonene on the MRSA and MSSA isolates (FIC indexes: 0.012–0.258 and 0.012–0.375), but that interaction of gentamicin with CAEO was observed only on MRSA (FIC index: 0.012–0.016). These findings demonstrated the potential of these citrus essential oils as natural antibacterial agents that may contribute to reduce the emerging of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
Upgrading of IOT Big Data Governance Scheme in Microenterprise Governance
Authors: Liu Dewen , Wang Jian
Published: February 2022

The accelerated development of the tertiary industry is the inevitable result of productivity improvement and social progress. Vigorously developing the tertiary industry is conducive to enhancing the stamina of agricultural production, promoting the socialization and professionalization of industrial and agricultural production, optimizing the production structure, promoting the full development of the market, and alleviating employment pressure so as to promote the sustained, rapid, and healthy development of the entire economy. Microenterprises are one of the carriers for the development of the tertiary industry. Microenterprises can effectively alleviate the country’s increasingly serious employment problems. However, with the saturated operation of microenterprises, the competition of microenterprises is becoming more and more intense. Small- and medium-sized enterprises are under the pressure of competition in terms of manpower, location, consumption level, and supply of goods. At the same time, small- and medium-sized enterprises are also facing problems such as high operating pressure, rising costs, financing difficulties, and heavy taxes and fees. In this environment, if small enterprises want to maintain long-term development, they must adapt to new forms and take active measures. Small- and medium-sized enterprises must use flexible and diverse forms of employment, actively adjust the industrial structure, vigorously develop the tertiary industry, and absorb more employed labor. The purpose of this paper is to study the use of IOT big data to optimize and upgrade the governance scheme of microenterprises. The purpose is to improve the governance effect of microenterprises and promote the development of microenterprises. This paper proposes optimal governance based on the collaborative algorithm and Pareto algorithm and conducts governance evaluation in multiple aspects of microenterprises, respectively. After obtaining the relationship with profit maximization, this paper finally analyzes and summarizes, obtains two optimal schemes, and evaluates and compares these two schemes with the traditional scheme. The results show that the profit maximization degree of the two schemes can reach 92%. Compared with the traditional scheme, the maximum profit of small enterprises after the implementation of governance has increased by about 30%.
Ендоскопічно-морфологічна оцінка гемостазу при кровоточивих гастродуоденальних виразках
Authors: Дзюбановський І. Я. , Качановський Я. В. , Дацко Т. В.
Published: February 2022

Мета роботи: оцінити ендоскопічні та морфологічні критерії активності кровотечі з прогнозуванням ймовірності її рецидиву за умови хронічної активної гастродуоденальної виразки.

Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовано ендоскопічну картину у 378 хворих із хронічними кровоточивими виразками шлунка та дванадцятипалої кишки за класифікацією Forrest. Пацієнтів чоловічої статі було 257 (67,98 %), жіночої – 121 (32,02 %). З Forest ІA, IB, IIA, IIB, ІІС було 231 (61,11 %) пацієнт, яким проводили ендоскопічний гемостаз (ін’єкційна терапія чи аргоноплазмова коагуляція). У 147 (38,89 %) пацієнтів гемостаз не проводили через ендоскопічну картину активності кровотечі за Forest III. Біопсію брали з ділянки періульцерозного інфільтрату під час проведення ендоскопічної діагностики перед проведенням гемостазу в день госпіталізації в стаціонар. Гістологічний матеріал фіксували в розчині формаліну, готували мікроскопічні скельця з фарбуванням за гематоксилін і еозин. Обчислення даних дослідження проводили на основі застосування стандартних програмних продуктів обробки інформації “Statistica”.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Порівняльна оцінка методів ендоскопічного гемостазу виявила переваги аргоно­плазмової коагуляції над ін’єкційними методами, що може трактуватися як “золотий стандарт” при виборі методу ендоскопічного гемостазу. Перспективою дослідження є вибір хірургічної тактики залежно від прогнозу вірогідностей рецидиву кровотечі, залежно від кількісного відношення репаративних та деструктивних клітин у біоптатах виразкової інфільтрації у хворих із нестійким гемостазом.
Сучасний тренд в операційному лікуванні геморою – закрита гемороїдектомія без швів. Наш клінічний досвід
Authors: Іванчов П. В. , Переш Є. Є. , Ліссов О. І. , Сидоренко В. М.
Published: February 2022

Мета роботи: покращити результати операційного лікування геморою з використанням різного електрохірургічного обладнання.

Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовано результати лікування 81 пацієнта з гемороєм ІІ–ІV стадії впродовж 2016–2021 рр. на базах кафедри хірургії № 3 Національного медичного університету імені О. О. Богомольця, яким виконали гемороїдектомію з використанням електрохірургічного обладнання (апарати ALAN Elsy360M+, Патонмед ЕКВЗ-300, Liga Sure).

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Структурний розподіл пацієнтів за статтю: серед них було 45 (55,6 %) жінок та 36 (44,4 %) чоловіків. Середній вік пацієнтів склав 37,2 року. У 27 (33,3 %) осіб був геморой ІІ ступеня, у 48 (59,3 %) – ІІІ ступеня, у 6 (7,4 %) – ІV ступеня. Всі операційні втручання виконано в умовах операційної під спинномозковою або загальною анесте­зією. У жодного пацієнта не знадобилося будь-якого додаткового інтраопераційного гемостазу. Середня тривалість операційного втручання склала 17,4 хвилини (з коливаннями від 12 до 31 хвилини). Термін перебування в стаціонарі становив 2–3 доби, а період амбулаторного доліковування – 12–21 день. Працездатність пацієнтів відновлювалася через 10–12 діб. Лише 5 (6,17 %) хворих вказували на періодичний дискомфорт та свербіж в ділянці прямої кишки через 4 тижні після виконання операційного втручання. Вираження больового синдрому, оціненого за візуальною аналоговою шкалою, в середньому склало 3,7 бала, що відповідає незначному болю або толерантному болю при рухах. Найвираженіший біль у пацієнтів спостерігали на 3–4 доби післяопераційного періоду, що, ймовірно, зумовлено відторгненням коагуляційного некрозу з ранових поверхонь у цей період. У 5 (6, 17 %) пацієнт у післяопераційному періоді встановлено рефлекторну затримку сечі. Віддалені результати у строки від 12 до 18 місяців простежені у 44 (54,3 %) хворих. Повне одужання і відновлення якості життя настало у 42 ( 95,45 %) хворих. Причинами незадовільної оцінки якості життя у 2 (4,55 %) пацієнтів були хронічні закрепи і не були безпосередньо пов’язані з проведеним операційним втручанням. Ми не спостерігали рецидиву захворювання за зазначений період спостереження у жодного хворого. Звуження анального каналу було виявлено у 2 (4,5 %) пацієнтів. Клінічну симптоматику та стенозування вдалося повністю усунути пальцевим бужуванням у поєднанні з медикаментозними препаратами. Отже, гемороїдектомія, виконана електрохірургічним обладнання, є безпечним, ефективним та сучасним операційним втручанням, яке практично не потребує використання шовного матеріалу. Застосування методики суттєво зменшує операційну крововтрату, скорочується час проведення операції, зменшується її вартість.
Виживаність після ендоваскулярних втручань при гострому коронарному синдромі
Authors: Маслій Б. Я.
Published: February 2022

Мета роботи: аналіз віддалених результатів лікування гострого коронарного синдрому (ГКС) в умовах реальної клінічної практики.

Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовано дані реєстру пацієнтів із гострим інфарктом міокарда, що включала дані на 280 випадків: І група – 213 хворих на інфаркт міокарда, яким проведено ендоваскулярне втручання; ІІ група – 53 хворих, які отримували стандартну консервативну терапію, ІІІ група – 14 хворих на інфаркт міокарда з багатосудинним ураженням, яким після коронароангіо­графії було виконано аорто-коронарне шунтування в умовах штучного кровообігу.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Від початку гострого періоду і в період до 25 місяців криві виживаності суттєво розходяться з кращим результатом у пацієнтів, яким проведено інвазивне відкриття інфарктозалежної вінцевої артерії з відновленням кровотоку ТІМІ-3. Достовірність отриманої моделі серцево-судинної смерті становила – χ2=56,47, р<0,0001. Виявлено, що пацієнти, які перенесли ендоваскулярне втручання, мали загострення ІХС рідше, порівняно з пацієнтами, які в гострий період ІМ отримували лише консервативну терапію. У пацієнтів з гострим коронарним синдромом, незважаючи на затримки на догоспітальному та госпітальному етапі, порушення оптимальних часових інтервалів для втручання і збереження та обмеження зони некрозу міокарда застосування ендоваскуляриних технологій лікування в першу добу інфаркт міокарда дає змогу суттєво знизити розвиток несприятливих серцево-судинних подій та покращити виживаність хворих у віддаленому післяінфарктному періоді.
Islamist Political Parties and Parliamentary Representation in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: García-Rivero Carlos , Clari Enrique , Cubas Joaquín Martín
Published: February 2022

Over the past century, political Islam has taken the form of political parties and entered the electoral realm to gain institutional power. The Arab Spring sparked an unprecedented electoral advance of Islamists. New elections gave rise to new governments under the control of Islamist in several countries in the region which created a new political scenario unthinkable only a few years earlier. In comparison with the traditional political parties, little is known about Islamist parties as recently empowered political actors. Against this background, this article explores the origin of Islamist political parties in the MENA region, the evolution of their parliamentary representation and the causes that fuel the latter. The first section of the article describes the appearance and evolution of Islamist political parties and the context in which the latter took place. The second part analyses the economic and political factors that explain the evolution presented in part one
A new species of Chamaecrista sect. Absus (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil, with Notes on Leaf Anatomy
Authors: COUTO ZEFERINO LAÍS , LEWIS GWILYM PETER , DE VARGAS WANDERLEIA , CÂNDIDO ELISA S. , VATANPARAST MOHAMMAD , DA SILVA MARCOS JOSÉ , MURASHIMA PEDRO HIROSHI PEREIRA , FORTUNA-PEREZ ANA PAULA
Published: February 2022

A new species of Chamaecrista was found in the Serra do Espinhaço region in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, during an expedition to study the taxonomy of this genus. Chamaecrista sempreviva Fort.-Perez & L.C. Zeferino sp. nov. is herein described, illustrated, and assigned to Chamaecrista sect. Absus. Comments about the ecology, distribution, preliminary conservation status as well as its morphological relationships and flowering and fruiting season of the new species, are provided. Additionally, a secretory structure survey of the leaflets of the new species and its related congeners is presented. All species studied share the presence of secretory and mucilaginous idioblasts in their leaflets, but the position of these cells types serves to differentiate them.
Effective typification of the name Linum austricum var. collinum (Linaceae), and its synonym L. immaculatae
Authors: FERRER-GALLEGO P. PABLO , MARTÍNEZ LABARGA JUAN M.
Published: February 2022

The typification of the name Linum austricum subsp. collinum is revisited. The name was “lectotypified” from a specimen kept at BM. This type designation is briefly discussed and superseded because was being contrary to Art. 9.3 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code). In this work, all relevant specimens are carefully evaluated for the purpose to fix the application of the name. We have chosen and designated the best admissible lectotype for this name from the original material. In addition, the lectotype of the name Linum immaculatae, currenty treated as a synonym of Linum austricum subsp. collinum, is designated from a specimen preserved at MA.
Aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) from Iberá Natural Reserve (Corrientes Province, Argentina)
Authors: MAZZUCCONI SILVIA ANA , DE REYES CRISTINA ARMÚA , ESTÉVEZ ANA LÍA
Published: February 2022

An inventory of aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera (Insecta: Hemiptera) from Iberá Natural Reserve (Corrientes Province, Argentina) is presented based on data from literature and the results of 10 expeditions to the region between 2003 and 2018. Different environments were surveyed at six ranger stations: Galarza, Itatí, Laguna Iberá, San Ignacio, San Nicolás and Yahaveré. In total, 69 species of Gerromorpha (23) and Nepomorpha (46) included in 29 genera (Gerromorpha, 13; Nepomorpha, 16) and 13 families (Gerromorpha, 5; Nepomorpha, 8) were recorded, representing 73% of the aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera fauna known from Corrientes Province. Gerridae was the richest family with regards to genera (6), followed by Veliidae (3), Belostomatidae (3), Naucoridae (3), and Notonectidae (3). However, with regards to species, Belostomatidae was the richest family (14 species), followed by Gerridae (10), Veliidae (8), Notonectidae (7), Naucoridae (6), Nepidae (6), Corixidae (4) and Micronectidae (4). The remaining 10 species belonged to Pleidae (3), Mesoveliidae (2), Hebridae (2), Gelastocoridae (2) and Hydrometridae (1). Five species are new for Argentina: Paravelia rotundanotata (Hungerford, 1930) (Veliidae), Steinovelia vinnula (Drake, 1951) (Veliidae), Neogerris celeris (Drake & Harris, 1934) (Gerridae), Ovatametra obesa Kenaga, 1942 (Gerridae) and Curicta granulosa De Carlo, 1951 (Nepidae). Three genera (Paravelia Breddin, 1898; Brachymetra Mayr, 1865; Ovatametra Kenaga, 1942) are herein first recorded from Corrientes Province. Thirteen species are first recorded from Corrientes Province, raising to 94 the number of species of aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera recorded from the province. Twenty-eight species and six genera (Merragata White, 1877; Paravelia; Brachymetra; Halobatopsis Bianchi, 1896; Ovatametra; Rheumatobates Bergroth, 1892) are new for the Reserve. Geographic distributions and habitat associations of all species are presented. Our study highlights the importance of this Reserve for the protection of the aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera fauna and the habitats upon which they rely.
Sensitivity of Linear Models of the Madden–Julian Oscillation to Convective Representation
Authors: Fuchs-Stone Željka , Emanuel Kerry
Published: February 2022

Two analytical models with different starting points of convective parameterizations, the Fuchs and Raymond model on one hand and the Khairoutdinov and Emanuel model on the other, are used to develop “minimal difference” models for the MJO. The main physical mechanisms that drive the MJO in both models are wind-induced surface heat exchange (WISHE) and cloud–radiation interactions (CRI). The dispersion curves for the modeled eastward-propagating mode, the MJO mode, are presented for an idealized case with zero meridional wind and for the realistic cases with higher meridional numbers. In both cases, the two models produce eastward-propagating modes with the growth rate greatest at the largest wavelengths despite having different representations of cumulus convection. We show that the relative contributions of WISHE and CRI are sensitive to how the convection and entropy/moisture budgets are represented in models like these.

Significance Statement

The Madden–Julian oscillation is the largest weather disturbance on our planet. It propagates eastward encompassing the whole tropical belt. It influences weather all around the globe by modulating hurricanes, atmospheric rivers, and other phenomena. Numerical models that forecast the Madden–Julian oscillation need improvement. Here we explore the physics behind the Madden–Julian oscillation using simple analytical models. Our models are based on the assumption that surface enthalpy fluxes and cloud–radiation interactions are responsible for the Madden–Julian oscillation but it should be borne in mind that other physical mechanisms have been proposed for the MJO. The impact of this research is to better understand the Madden–Julian oscillation mechanism.
Shut-In Abroad: Social Incapacitation Among Low-Income Male Japanese Retirees in Thailand
Authors: Toyota Mika
Published: February 2022

Increasing numbers of low-income single male retirees from Japan are migrating to Southeast Asian countries to live in isolation. They migrate to avoid the emotional burdens in Japan associated with an acute sense of shame, inferiority and displacement. This article argues that their migration should be understood as a type of anticipatory action taken by the retirees—that is, an action driven by the awareness of one’s own social incapability, particularly the lack of social relations and self-esteem—to create a meaningful future in Japan. I demonstrate how the men became socially incapacitated through events in their life course, focusing on the dominant work regime, family regime and gender ideology in post-war Japan. The concept of “social incapacitation” contributes to the study of aging futures by foregrounding the significance of gendered norms and emotion, as well as demonstrating how history and futures are interlinked in embodied ways.
Impact of Repeat Head Computed Tomography on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients With Abbreviated Injury Score 1-2 Injuries
Authors: Ward Candace L. , Cohen Ryan B. , Olafson Samantha N. , Goetz Austin B. , Leung Pak , Moran Benjamin J. , Strain Jay J. , Parsikia Afshin , Kaplan Mark J.
Published: February 2022

Background

Patients presenting with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) routinely undergo repeat head Computed Tomography (CT) scans with the goal of identifying progressing hemorrhage early and providing timely intervention. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) are typically used to grade the severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and triage subsequent management. However, most patients receive a repeat head CT scan within 6 hours of the initial insult, regardless of these clinical scores. We investigated the yield of a repeat CT scan for mild blunt TBI (GCS 13-15, AIS 1-2).

Methods

This was a single-center retrospective chart review at a level 1 trauma center between 2009 and 2019. Our primary outcome was medical or surgical intervention directly resulted from change in CT head findings. We used multivariate regression to identify predictors of surgical and medical intervention.

Results

234 mild TBI patients met inclusion criteria. 33.7% of all patients had worsening ICH. 7.7% of patients required a surgical intervention, and 27.4% received a medical intervention. Multivariate analysis found that a decline in GCS (OR 8.64), and polytrauma (Injury Severity Score >15; OR 3.32) predicted surgical intervention. Worsening ICH did not predict surgical or medical intervention. Patients requiring medical intervention were more likely to have a decline in GCS (OR 2.53, P = .02) and be older (age >65, OR 2.06, P = .02).

Conclusion

In the population of blunt traumatic injury, worsening ICH did not predict surgical or medical intervention. Routine repeat imaging for this population is low yield, and clinical exam should guide the decision to reimage.
Unintended Ultramontanism
Authors: Portier William L.
Published: February 2022

The reception of Vatican I has changed unexpectedly in the fifty years between the centennial and the sesquicentennial. The ultramontane papacy created by Vatican I, seen as blocking renewal after Vatican II, has developed over fifty years into the condition making a global church possible. This historiographical sketch of Vatican I’s reception organizes these surprising developments around three pivotal works: Hans Küng’s Infallible? An Inquiry, Jean-Marie Roger Tillard’s The Bishop of Rome, and Émile Perreau-Saussine’s Catholicism and Democracy.
Children’s Ability to Read from Computers and Smartphones
Authors: Yadav Savita , Chakraborty Pinaki , Meena Lokesh , Yadav Deepanshu
Published: February 2022

Children now use digital devices for learning and leisure activities. The study assessed children's ability to read from computers, smartphones and printed sheets. We provided 60 children aged seven to ten years with reading material and recorded the time taken by them to complete reading and their navigation pattern and eye movements using software developed by us. There was no significant difference in the time taken to complete reading and the ability to recall the content when the children read from the three mediums ( P > .05). The average eye fixation duration was however significantly higher when the children read from a smartphone ( P < .05). Children aged nine and ten years used hyperlinks more often while reading from a smartphone than a computer ( P < .05). We concluded that children can read fluently from all the three mediums by the age of seven years, and navigate hypertext effectively on smartphones by nine years of age.
Short Stay Visa Holders and Occupational Trainees in Australia’s Labour Migration Program: Regulatory Challenges at The Apex of Temporariness
Authors: Howe Joanna , Nikoloudakis Irene
Published: February 2022

This article addresses a gap in the scholarly literature on the legal regulation of temporary labour migration by tracing the legislative history and regulation of work visas for short stay specialists and occupational trainees. By reason of their acute temporariness, both short stay workers and occupational trainees could be regarded as having a migration status that makes them vulnerable in their work relations. In addition, this vulnerability means they may accept terms and conditions that undercut domestic labour standards. Although the detailed legislative tracing of both visas reveals various attempts to re-regulate both visas in favour of greater scrutiny of employer requests for overseas labour, tightening access requirements and increasing enforcement and monitoring capacity, these have been largely incapable of preventing instances of egregious exploitation. These case studies on two little-known visas mirror the growing concerns around the integrity of Australia’s temporary labour migration program more generally and point to the myriad tensions, challenges and complexities inherent in the regulation of temporary labour migration programs around the globe.
Reciprocal Effects of Marital Idealization and Marital Satisfaction Between Long-Wed Spouses Over Time
Authors: Pollock Star Ariel , Cohn-Schwartz Ella , O’Rourke Norm
Published: February 2022

Marital idealization is defined as an interpersonal mode of self-deception whereby husbands and wives convey an exceedingly positive portrayal of their spouse and relationship (e.g., “My spouse has never made me angry”). For the Marriage and Health Study, we obtained responses from 119 long-wed couples at baseline, 1- and 2-years later ( M = 34 years married). We first computed and compared contemporaneous actor-partner interdependence models (APIMs) suggesting that marital satisfaction predicts marital idealization within and between spouses; the reverse APIM was not supported (i.e., marital idealization did not predict marital satisfaction). Yet our analyses suggest the question should be answered with longitudinal data. When reported contemporaneously, husbands’ marital satisfaction predicts marital idealization by their wives. The same cross-over effect is observed for wives—but not concomitantly, only in future. That is, marital satisfaction and idealization reported by wives predicts marital idealization reported by their husbands 2-years later.
Associations Between Gambling and Cognitive Function among U.S. Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Zhang Nannan , Li Mengting , Dong XinQi
Published: February 2022

This study aims to examine the associations between gambling participation, problem gambling, and cognition. Data were derived from the PINE study. Gambling participation was measured by Modified South Oaks Gambling Screen. Problem gambling was assessed with Problem Gambling Severity Index. Cognition was measured by East Boston Memory Test, Digit Span Backward, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and Mini-Mental State Examination. Of all participants, 41.940% were male. Higher gambling participation was significantly associated with higher global cognition ( b = .008, SE = .003, p < .05), executive function ( b = .118, SE = .049, p < .05), and episodic memory ( b = .009, SE = .004, p < .05). Higher problem gambling was significantly related to lower Mini-Mental State Examination ( b = -.105, SE = .031, p < .001). Guiding older adults’ gambling behaviors and intervening in problem gambling timely might be crucial for their cognitive function.
How to avoid rapid carbon dioxide changes at the start of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Role of end-tidal CO2 monitoring
Authors: Giani Marco , Lucchini Alberto , Magni Gloria , Villa Silvia , Rona Roberto , Fumagalli Roberto , Foti Giuseppe
Published: February 2022

Background: Venovenous ECMO is a lifesaving technique for patients with severe respiratory failure. Management of carbon dioxide (CO2) levels at ECMO start is crucial, as recent studies found an association between rapid CO2 shifts and increased incidence of neurological complications.

Purpose: To describe the role of end tidal CO2 (etCO2) monitoring at the ECMO start to minimize carbon dioxide shifts.

Research design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who started venovenous ECMO support at our institution between 2011 and 2021. We analysed the minute-by-minute variations of etCO2, ventilatory parameters and arterial blood gas before and after the ECMO start.

Results: 36 patients with a complete dataset of parameters were included. After the ECMO start, minute ventilation was progressively reduced from 10.8±;3.3 to 2.9±1.2 L/min (p<0.001). etCO2 did not vary significantly (baseline 37±10 vs 35±9 mmHg 20 minutes after ECMO start, p = 0.36). Despite a stable etCO2 level, a mild drop of arterial CO2 tension (9.5 mmHg, corresponding to a 18% change) was recorded at the first ABG sampled after the ECMO start. No patient developed neurological complications after the ECMO commencement.

Conclusion: etCO2 monitoring during ECMO start is feasible and allows to adjust gas flow and ventilator settings to limit changes in arterial CO2 levels.
Maternal and Paternal Parenting Practices and Prosocial Behaviors in Hong Kong: The Moderating Roles of Adolescents’ Gender and Age
Authors: Wong Tracy K. Y. , Konishi Chiaki , Zhang Melody Y. Q.
Published: February 2022

This study examined adolescents’ perceived paternal and maternal parenting in relation to different types of prosocial behaviors. Adolescent gender and age were considered as moderators. Participants included 439 Grades 7–11 adolescents (55.13% girls) from five secondary schools in Hong Kong. Path analysis indicated that maternal and paternal autonomy support and maternal control were associated positively with compliant, public, and emotional prosocial behaviors. Paternal control was associated positively with emotional prosocial behaviors only. Paternal autonomy support and maternal control were associated positively with dire prosocial behaviors but negatively with altruistic ones. No age differences were found from multi-group analyses. However, significant gender differences were evident. Paternal autonomy support and maternal control were associated with boys’ and girls’ prosocial behaviors; maternal autonomy support and paternal control were associated with girls’ prosocial behaviors only. Findings suggest that paternal and maternal parenting are associated with prosocial behaviors in meaningful ways depending on adolescents’ gender.
Defying national homogeneity: Hidden acts ofZainichiKorean resistance in Japan
Authors: Laurent Christopher , Robillard-Martel Xavier
Published: February 2022

This article draws attention to the shifting dialectical relationship that exists between everyday acts of resistance and the forms of domination they seek to subvert. Using ethnographic data collected in Osaka’s Koreatown, we analyze some of the ways in which young Zainichi Koreans, the descendants of colonial subjects who migrated to Japan, use daily acts of self-preservation to chip away at hegemonic notions of Japanese national homogeneity. Seemingly trivial choices to dissimulate one’s identity, transmit cultural practices, and maintain historical memory constitute neglected forms of opposition that illustrate the contextual nature of Zainichi Korean resistance against marginalization and forced assimilation. These strategies offer a reservoir of resources that can be tapped into for collective political action, keeping the embers of resistance alive in between periods of open protest.
Development of an Automated and Integrated Algorithm in Determining Optimum Maintenance and Rehabilitation Strategies Considering Multilane Roadways
Authors: Tran Thai Son , Flores Julius Marvin , Lee Hyun Jong , Kim Kideok , Kim Hyunwook
Published: February 2022

Pavement management systems include road surveying, data analysis, identification of rehabilitated sections, determination of treatment methods, and budget optimization for maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R). These complex processes challenge many agencies in determining the most appropriate M&R strategies for the current year and choosing rehabilitation alternatives using life cycle cost analysis. In addition, these are time-consuming processes since the analysis and interpretation are done separately. In this study, an automated integrated algorithm is developed to help agencies determine the appropriate rehabilitated homogeneous section and optimize the budget at the network level for single and multilane roads. The algorithm was developed based on the pruned exact linear time and changepoints for a range of penalties methods in determining homogeneous sections from distresses on the surfaces being surveyed on single lanes. An additional algorithm is then proposed to identify homogeneous sections by considering adjacent multilane sections. Finally, the prioritized homogeneous sections for rehabilitation are determined by optimizing the available budget at the network level, considering the distress index and recommended rehabilitation type. During optimization, different budget constraint scenarios were considered to satisfy several requirements from agencies considering a random search approach. The proposed algorithm was applied to real field data where it was found that the recommended M&R strategies for the homogenized sections using the proposed approach are feasible, practical, and reasonable. It is recommended that the performance model used in this study be developed further to improve the proposed integrated algorithm.
Does the Choice of Acellular Scaffold and Augmentation With Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Affect Short-term Outcomes in Cartilage Repair? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ow Zachariah Gene Wing , Cheang Hannah Li Xin , Koh Jin Hean , Koh Joshua Zhi En , Lim Katelyn Kaye-Ling , Wang Dean , Minas Tom , Carey James L. , Lin Heng An , Wong Keng Lin
Published: February 2022

Background:

Matrix-induced chondrogenesis (MIC) is a promising treatment option for critical-size cartilage lesions of the knee; however, there exists substantial heterogeneity in the choice of acellular scaffold matrix for MIC cartilage repairs.

Hypothesis:

The choice of acellular matrix will not affect patient outcomes after MIC cartilage repair procedures, and the addition of concentrated bone marrow aspirate (cBMA) will improve short-term patient outcomes regardless of matrix choice.

Study Design:

Meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Studies were stratified by matrix type: multilayered, single layered, and gel based. Continuous outcomes were analyzed with pairwise meta-analysis using the inverse variance model with random effects applied. Binary outcomes were analyzed as pooled proportions in a single-arm fashion; after which, reconstruction of relative risks (RRs) with confidence intervals was performed using the Katz logarithmic method.

Results:

A total of 876 patients were included: 469 received multilayered bioscaffolds; 238, gel-based scaffolds; and 169, single-layered scaffolds. The mean age of patients was 36.2 years (95% CI, 33.9 to 38.4), while the mean lesion size was 3.91 cm2 (95% CI, 3.40 to 4.42). The weighted mean follow-up was 23.8 months (95% CI, 20.1 to 27.6). Multilayered bioscaffolds were most effective at improving visual analog scale scores ( P = .03; weighted mean difference [WMD], −4.44 [95% CI, −4.83 to −4.06]; P < .001). There were significantly lower risks of incomplete defect filling for gel-based scaffolds when compared with multilayered scaffolds (RR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.69 to 0.88]; P < .001) and single-layered scaffolds (RR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.41 to 0.81]; P = .001). Augmentation with cBMA further improved clinical scores across all scaffolds, with significant improvements in Tegner score ( P = .02), while decreasing incomplete defect filling rates as well. There was significantly greater improvement in visual analog scale scores ( P = .01) for single-layered scaffolds with cBMA augmentation (WMD, −4.88 [95% CI, −5.38 to −4.37]; P < .001) as compared with single-layered scaffolds without cBMA augmentation (WMD, −4.08 [95% CI, −4.46 to −3.71]; P < .001). All significant improvements were below their respective minimum clinically important differences.

Conclusion:

While cartilage repair with acellular scaffolds provides significant improvements in pain and function for patients, there is insufficient clinical evidence to suggest which scaffold material is the most superior in influencing such improvements. The enhancement of cartilage repair procedures with cBMA may provide further functional improvements and improve defect filling; however, more long-term evidence is required to evaluate the effects.
Infrapatellar Fat Pad Mesenchymal Stromal Cell–Derived Exosomes Accelerate Tendon-Bone Healing and Intra-articular Graft Remodeling After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Xu Junjie , Ye Zipeng , Han Kang , Zheng Ting , Zhang Tianlun , Dong Shikui , Jiang Jia , Yan Xiaoyu , Cai Jiangyu , Zhao Jinzhong
Published: February 2022

Background:

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) reportedly enhance the healing process. However, no studies have investigated the effect of exosomes from infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) MSCs on tendon-bone healing and intra-articular graft remodeling after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Purpose:

To evaluate the in vivo effect of exosomes from IPFP MSCs on tendon-bone healing and intra-articular graft remodeling in a rat model of ACLR.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 90 skeletally mature male Sprague Dawley rats underwent unilateral ACLR using an autograft. All rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham injection (SI) group (n = 30), control injection (CI) group (n = 30), and IPFP MSC–derived exosome injection (IMEI) group (n = 30). At 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively, tendon-bone healing and intra-articular graft remodeling were evaluated via biomechanical testing, micro–computed tomography, and histological analysis; macrophage polarization was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining.

Results:

Biomechanical testing demonstrated a significantly higher failure load and stiffness in the IMEI group than in the SI and CI groups at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. Moreover, a thinner graft-to-bone healing interface with more fibrocartilage was observed in the IMEI group at both time points. Micro–computed tomography revealed greater new bone ingrowth in the IMEI group than in the other groups, as demonstrated by smaller mean bone tunnel areas and a larger bone volume/total volume ratio. Additionally, more cellular infiltration was observed in the intra-articular graft in the IMEI group than in the other groups at 4 weeks, followed by more regularly organized fibers with mature collagen at 8 weeks. Notably, similar trends of macrophage polarization were found at both the graft-to-bone interface and the intra-articular graft in the IMEI group, with significantly fewer proinflammatory M1 macrophages and larger numbers of reparative M2 macrophages than in the SI and CI groups.

Conclusion:

IPFP MSC–derived exosomes accelerated tendon-bone healing and intra-articular graft remodeling after ACLR, which may have resulted from the immunomodulation of macrophage polarization.

Clinical Relevance:

The IPFP can be easily harvested by most orthopaedic surgeons. Exosomes from IPFP MSCs, constituting a newly emerging cell-free approach, may represent a treatment option for improving tendon-bone healing and intra-articular graft remodeling after ACLR.
Comparison of Acetabular Labral Reconstruction With 7-mm Tibialis Anterior Allograft and 5-mm Iliotibial Band Autograft at Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Kocaoglu Baris , Paksoy Ahmet Emre , Kayaalp Asim , Cerciello Simone , Ollivier Matthieu P. , Seil Romain
Published: February 2022

Background:

Labral reconstruction has been described as a treatment option for irreparable labral tear. Labral graft size ranges from 5 to 7 mm2 for reconstruction. A thicker labral graft could support mechanical stability and protect cartilage better. No study has compared the effect of graft thickness on clinical outcomes.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to compare patient-reported outcomes between hips reconstructed with an autologous iliotibial band (AUITB; 5 mm2) graft and with an allogenic tibialis anterior (ALTA; 7 mm2) tendon graft. Our hypothesis was that hips reconstructed with a thicker allograft (7 mm2) would have better clinical outcomes than those with a smaller autograft (5 mm2).

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 42 patients (aged 21 to 54 years) underwent arthroscopic hip segmental labral reconstruction during the study period of January 2016 to November 2018. Twenty patients had reconstruction with AUITB grafts (5 mm2) and 22 with ALTA grafts (7 mm2). Both groups had minimum 2 year follow-up. Patients were evaluated with patient-related outcome scores: modified Harris Hip Score, Nonarthritic Hip Score, and Hip Outcome Score–Sports Specific. Pain evaluation was performed using a visual analog scale.

Results:

There were significant differences in all studied variables when comparing pre- and postoperative scores. Yet, there were no differences in terms of patient-related outcome scores between the groups postoperatively. Postoperative visual analog scale scores averaged 2.1 for the AUITB group vs 1.9 for the ALTA group ( P = .89); modified Harris Hip Score, 82.7 vs 83.3 ( P = .77); Nonarthritic Hip Score, 81.1 vs 82.2 ( P = .81); and Hip Outcome Score–Sports Specific, 81.6 vs 82.5 ( P = .67).

Conclusion:

No differences were found in terms of clinical outcomes between the 7-mm2 ALTA graft and the 5-mm2 AUITB graft. Both graft types and thicknesses might be considered comparable choices for primary reconstruction. Although a thicker-graft labral reconstruction seemed to have more ability to cover joint surface, clinical results did not show any superiority of a thicker graft whether it is autologous or allogenic.
Prediction of Institutionalization for Patients With Dementia in Taiwan According to Condition at Entry to Dementia Collaborative Care
Authors: Chen Yen-Jen , Wang Wen-Fu , Jhang Kai-Ming , Chang Ming-Che , Chang Cheng-Chen , Liao Yi-Cheng
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to examine the institutionalization rate in patients with dementia in Taiwan, identify the predictors of institutionalization, and conduct a mediation analysis of caregiver burden between neuropsychiatric symptoms and institutionalization. We analyzed data from a retrospective cohort registered in dementia collaborative care ( N = 518). The analyses applied univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression with Firth’s penalized likelihood to assess the relationship between each predictor at entry and institutionalization for survival analysis. Thirty (5.8%) patients were censored due to institutionalization after a median follow-up of one-and-a-half years. Neuropsychiatric symptoms, loss of walking ability, and living alone predicted institutionalization. Caregiver burden may partially mediate the effects of neuropsychiatric symptoms and institutionalization. High caregiver burden due to presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms may partially contribute to institutionalization among people living with dementia in Taiwan. However, proper management of neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver empowerment may ameliorate institutionalization risk.