bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The U.S. Arms Sales to Taiwan and China's Cooperation in the North Korea Nuclear Crisis
Authors:   Institute of Korean Studies, Lee Yongjae
Published: September 2022

Scholars in the U.S. and China have mentioned a likelihood that both states use the Taiwan issue and the North Korean nuclear crisis as a means to force each other. However, previous literatures never test this hypothesis through empirical analyses. This study attempts to explore whether the U.S. arms sales toward Taiwan let China to make a concession in the North Korean issue. It is a novel attempt to prove that they are related to each other as a part of the competition for a hegemony position between the US and China in Northeast Asia, away from the existing research that has been analyzed as a separate issue. The empirical analyses demonstrate that the U.S. arms sales toward Taiwan make China to cooperate in the North Korean nuclear issue.
The Effects of Globalization and Democratization on Inequality in South Korea
Authors:   Institute of Korean Studies, Kim Hayam
Published: September 2022

How has economic globalization influenced the level of inequality in South Korea? How has democratization of South Korea affected its income distribution? Despite a surge of research on the impact of globalization on income inequality in South Korea, there is no systematic empirical analysis that examines how globalization and democratization together influence the country's distribution of income. This article extends previous work by investigating the effects of both economic openness and democracy on South Korea's income inequality. The estimates suggest that the exclusion of either variable can lead to incorrect conclusions regarding the determinants of income distribution. Using data from 1975 to 2015 and 3SLS estimation to account for endogeneity, I find that democracy helps improve inequality, trade has does not affect inequality, and foreign direct investments worsen inequality.
Marathon Running and Sexual Libido in Adult Men: Exercise Training and Racing Effects
Authors: C. Hackney Anthony , H. Zieff Gabriel , R. Lane Amy , K. Register-Mihalik Johna
Published: September 2022

We examined whether endurance training for a standard marathon (42.2 km) had a greater influence on male libido than more generalized endurance exercise training. We surveyed adult men (>1000) who regularly engaged in endurance running to evaluate exercise training histories-patterns and libido characteristics. Our participants were primarily recruited from North America and Europe. Results indicate men conducting marathon training had lower libido scores (p<0.05; ~20%, d=0.44) than those not doing such specific training. Factors most related to libido were: 1) the number of years of training, and 2) the proportion of high-intensity effort conducted in training (inverse relationships); regardless of whether marathon training was performed or not. Our survey approach did not allow us to determine the cause of the reduced libido, but we speculate it could relate to: 1) chronic physical fatigue from high volumes of exercise training, 2) behavioral accommodations in energy expenditure, or else ‘Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport’ (RED-S) syndrome, and/ or 3) endocrinological adaptations as a result of the exercise training (i.e., low testosterone). From a practical perspective, we recommend couples attempting conception should inform their healthcare providers of the male partner’s exercise habits concerning endurance running as this may be a factor relative to potential infertility.
Optimization and prediction of heat input of mild steel weldment, using genetic algorithm
Authors: Godfrey Ayeabu Sibete  , Fortune Osaruchi Worgu
Published: September 2022

In welding materials, the purpose is to resist the variation of the microstructure of the material and retain the mechanical properties and the chemical properties. Most welded joint fail due to the utilization of poor welding process. This poor welding process produces a minimum heat input that could cause insufficient melting of the electrode, insufficient melting of the electrode is responsible for inadequate penetration of liquid metal into the welded joint. Literature has shown that produced welded joints by insufficient penetration of the liquid metal have low bearing capacity. This indicates that such welded joints would not be able to sustain the design load. In order to achieve deep liquid metal penetration, optimizing and prediction of heat input of mild steel weldment, utilizing genetic algorithm is studied. The purpose of this study therefore is to develop models that would minimize the heat input. Genetic Algorithm which imitates the evolution progression and functions on the principle of the natural theory choice with evolution was utilized for the result analysis. It was shown as a result that combination of welding time 79.15 sec current of 239.03 A welding speed of 56.59 mm/s voltage of 29.87 v feed rate of 130 mm/s will produce optimal heat input of 117.30 KJ
Exergetic analysis of low gram nano-refrigerant charge for transport application
Authors: Luke Onyekwere Ajuka  , Kamilu Moradeyo Odunfa
Published: September 2022

Limited gram charge is beneficial in transport refrigeration by sustenance of flammability limits for safety. Herein, an experimental investigation of 0.11 vol. % of titanium IV oxide doped with 30 g each of R600a and LPG as R6ooaAl2O3 and LPGAl2O3 nano-refrigerants were retrofitted into a 102g R134a vapour compression refrigerating system. At steady state, the performance of the system using unblended R134a, R600a, LPG refrigerants, R600aAl2O3 and LPGAl2O3 nano-refrigerants were examined as a function air evaporator temperature and compressor characteristics; discharge pressure, power consumption, compressor exergetic defect, coefficient of performance and exergetic efficiency. At 80g charge, R600a, LPG, R6ooaAl2O3 and LPGAl2O3 had higher COP; Exergetic efficiency; but lower Total exergetic defect of 2.9, 11.3, 9.7 and 14.1%; 19.4, 22.1, 31.8 and 29.4%; and 34.1, 43.6, 56.3 and 58.6% than R134a. R134a has higher discharge pressure of 0.25, 0.12, 0.77 and 0.84 Psia/ 0.77, 0.12, 0.84 and 0.25 Psia; higher power consumption of 14.79, 12.23, 27.83 and 26.51 Watts; higher compressor exergetic defect of 0.03, 0.03, 0.06 and 0.04 Joule, lower coefficient of performance of 0.06, 0.23, 0.71 and 1.18; and lower exergetic efficiency of 0.012, 0.008, 0.056, 0.062 Joule than R600a, LPG, R6ooaAl2O3, LPGAl2O3. motor compression work of unblended R134a refrigerant is higher than unblended R600a, unblended LPGAl2O3 blended in R600a and LPG by 15.28%, 16.08%, 37.73% and 40.43. All the selected refrigerants met the chill compartment temperature, ISO 8187 compartment standard of -2 ≤ tcc min, max ≤ +3, while R6ooaAl2O3 and LPG Al2O3 nano-refrigerants showed improved compressor characteristics.
Konsep Pendidikan Ki Hajar Dewantara: Sinergitas Guru, Orang Tua, dan Pemuda dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Pendidikan di Masa Pandemi
Authors: Nadlifatil K Nur Fajriati , Rafiandra Qinthara
Published: September 2022

Pembelajaran Online (PJJ) menyebabkan siswa lebih banyak menghabiskan waktu belajar di rumah. Guru dituntut untuk menyesuaikan pembelajaran di masa pandemi sekaligus memastikan tujuan pendidikan tetap bisa tercapai. Namun, di masa pandemi, guru memiliki keterbatasan dalam menjalankan tugasnya sebagai pendidik. Ki Hajar Dewantara telah merumuskan konsep pendidikan yang komprehensif yang melibatkan sinergi antara guru, orang tua, dan pemuda dalam upaya mencapai tujuan pendidikan. Prestasi pendidikan tidak hanya berbicara tentang aspek kognitif, tetapi juga aspek lain yang disebut cipta, rasa, dan karsa. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kepustakaan yang bersumber dari jurnal, buku, dan tulisan Ki Hajar Dewantara. Konsep pendidikan Ki Hajar Dewantara menekankan bahwa pendidikan bukan hanya tanggung jawab guru, tetapi juga keluarga dan anggota masyarakat (organisasi pemuda) yang dikenal dengan Tricenter Pendidikan. Sementara itu, guru masih dibekali dengan kemampuan untuk menjadi guru profesional yang tugasnya tidak hanya mengajar, tetapi juga mendidik sesuai dengan nilai-nilai pendidikan yang telah digagas oleh Ki Hajar Dewantara.
Protocolo de Baeza sobre el patrimonio agrario 2021: directrices, para profundizar en la caracterización del patrimonio agrario y su reconocimiento e implementación a nivel nacional e internacional
Authors: Castillo Ruiz José , Martínez Yáñez (Coords.) Celia
Published: September 2022

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Künstliche Intelligenz in ERP-Systemen: Entwicklungspotenziale und Benchmarking
Authors:   Universität Potsdam, LSWI, Grum Marcus , Korjahn Nicolas ,   Universität Potsdam, LSWI
Published: September 2022

Der Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) wird in einer Vielzahl von Branchen bedeutsamer, weshalb auch Enterprise-Resource-Planning-(ERP)-Systeme viele Einsatzmöglichkeiten von KI bieten: Moderne KI-ERP-Systeme können aufgrund ihrer neu gewonnenen, KI-basierten Wandelbarkeit und Lernfähigkeit Kompetenzen entwickeln, Prozesse planen, Prognosen treffen und intelligent mit Menschen interagieren. Nicht selten leiten sie somit einen großen Strukturwandel für die Unternehmen ein und erschließen neue Märkte und Gestaltungsbereiche [1]. Um den Fortschritt eines ERP-Systems im Bereich der KI zu messen, hat das Center for Enterprise Research (kurz: CER) ein KI-Reifegradmodell entwickelt. Auf diesem aufbauend soll ein Tool zur Bewertung der KI-Integration im ERP-System Entwicklungspotenziale aufzeigen sowie Vergleiche mit dem Markt ermöglichen.
Introducción a la sección temática. El Laboratorio de Educación, Tecnología y Sociedad: 15 años de trabajo
Authors: Hernández Razo Oscar Enrique , Guerrero Salinas María Elsa , Kalman Judith
Published: September 2022

En la sección temática se presentan cuatro artículos que analizan algunas de las implicaciones de la emergencia sanitaria por COVID 19 en diversas situaciones y escenarios educativos. Fueron escritos por investigadoras e investigadores que, a lo largo de 15 años, han abordado desde el campo de la investigación y de la formación docente la relación entre la educación y las tecnologías digitales, agrupados en el Laboratorio de Educación, Tecnología y Sociedad el cual recientemente se conformó en Grupo Interinstitucional de Investigación Educativa (LETS-GIIE).

La experiencia de los autores y autoras, les permitió estudiar desde una perspectiva sociocultural los procesos de participación de profesores y estudiantes en un contexto inestable y de cambios vertiginosos, abordando diversas situaciones que fueron surgiendo como resultado del confinamiento y el giro hacia el uso de las tecnologías como una herramienta necesaria para darle continuidad a las actividades educativas.
Dampak Era Globalisasi di Pendidikan (Pendidik dan Peserta Didik)
Authors: Maharani Radhita , Al Islami M Averros Azzam , Ramli Radhita Maharani , Rahman Wahyudi Agung , Agnesia Oki Sandra
Published: September 2022

Globalisasi adalah Proses sesuatu yang mendunia. Globalisasi membawa pengaruh hampir keseluruhan aspek kehidupan,dan tidak dapat dihindari baik pengaruh positif maupun negatif, terutama pada pendidikan. Sehingga pendidik harus lebih professional dan kreatif, peserta didik yang sudah menguasai teknologi sejak dini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah agar mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh globalisasi terhadap pendidik dan peserta didik. Metode yang di gunakan yaitu metode studi kepustakaan (literatus) dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa globalisasi telah membawa perubahan pada semua aspek kehidupan khususnya dalam dunia pendidikan. Globalisasi dapat memberikan dampak positif dan negative didunia pendidikan. Berdampak positif jika membuat perubahan yang membawa pendidikan Indonesia ke arah yang lebih maju, dan berdampak negative jika menurunkan kualitas pendidikan itu sendiri. Dalam era globalisasi guru juga berperan penting dalam mengembangkan peserta didik. Guru bukan hanya memberi pelajaran tetapi juga mengembangkan karakter kepada peserta didik di era yang professional dan bermutu. Selain itu, sebagai guru harus memiliki etika yang baik dan berakhlak mulia agar bisa memberika contoh yang teladan bagi peserta didik. Di era globalisasi guru harus mampu memberikan pengajaran yang baik kepada peserta didiknya. Pada era globalisasi guru  harus bisa menghadapi tantangan yaitu dengan cara memberikan orientasi, tidak hanya teori-teori melainkan praktik untuk menciptakan suatu pembelajaran yang nantinya membentuk karakter kemandirian pada peserta didik  untuk bekalnya dikemudian hari.
 
Perbandingan Tingkat Pemahaman Pendidikan Agama Islam Peserta Didik Berasal dari SMP dan MTs di SMAN 1 Bangsal
Authors: A'YUNI FITRIA QURROTUN , Ratno R , Zuhri Saifuddin
Published: September 2022

Islamic Junior High School (SMP) and Junior High School (MTs) have similarities in obtaining Islamic Education material at the education strata. Still, several materials delivered at Islamic Junior High School are more than students in Junior High School. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of understanding of students who came from 1) SMP at Public High School (SMA) 1 Bangsal, 2) MTs at SMA 1 Bangsal, and 3) differences in the level of understanding of Islamic Education students from SMP and MTs at SMA 1 Bangsal. The research method uses descriptive quantitative. The results of the study: the level of understanding of Islamic Education students 1) came from SMP at most, namely 31 (38.8%), 2) from MTs at most were good, namely 18 (22.5%), and there were 8 students (10% ) at the excellent level, 3) based on the t-test conclusion, there are differences in the level of understanding of Islamic Education students from SMP and MTs at SMA 1 Bangsal.
Diseminasi Eksplorasi Etnomatematika pada Teknologi Tradisional di Kabupaten Kampar
Authors: Zulfah Zulfah , Astuti Astuti , Rizki Lussy Midani , Herlinda Nopri , Juliana Ika , Febriani Suci
Published: September 2022

In general, it is known that prospective mathematics teachers in Bangkinang are currently not familiar with ethnomathematical exploration in traditional technology and do not know the importance of ethnomathematical exploration and how to develop it in traditional technology. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide opportunities for prospective teachers in Bangkinang city regarding ethnomathematical exploration training on traditional technology for prospective teachers in Kampar Regency. This study uses the methods of planning/preparation, implementation, observation and evaluation, and reflection. The results showed that first, prospective teachers throughout Kampar Regency were enthusiastic about research ethnomathematics training to view and understand mathematics from the special cultural elements of Kampar Regency. Second, improve the knowledge and skills of prospective teachers about ethnomathematical research, especially in Kampar district and third, Ethnomathematics training materials to improve understanding of prospective teachers are attached in the appendix.
Comparison of Axial Magnetic Gears Based on Magnetic Composition Topology Differences
Authors: Syam Sudirman , Soeparman Sudjito , Widhiyanuriawan Denny , Wahyudi Slamet
Published: September 2022

Abstract: This paper proposes a design and implementation of an axial type magnetic gear (MG)based on the composition of the magnetic arrangement. We report a quantitative comparison of twoMG topologies with rectangular magnets arranged in series and parallel. Increased magnetic fluxis done through magnetic circuit analysis and electrical circuit approach. Testing is done by usingthe rotation of a DC motor drive from 300–2600 rpm with a DC generator under load conditions.Measurement of load current and generator output power for both axial MG topologies are taken andanalyzed. The results showed that the performance of an axial MG with the rectangular magneticarrangement in parallel is better than that of a series arrangement. Based on the measured loadingcurrent of the two axial MG topologies, at generator rotation between 300–1300 rpm with 100, 200,and 300 W resistance loads show the same load current. Conversely, after a DC generator rotationapproaches 12of the maximum rotation (1300–2600 rpm) there is a significant increase in load currentfluctuations. That is, with an increase of load currents occurring, the parallel magnetic topologyshows an increase in load torque due to an increase of magnetic flux in the gear train magnets ofthe MG.
The Ukrainian Refugee Crisis and the Politics of Public Opinion: Evidence from Hungary
Authors: Pepinsky Thomas , Reiff Ádám , Szabo Krisztina
Published: September 2022

The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine is a watershed moment in European politics. An immediate consequence of the invasion was a massive influx of refugees into Central Europe, a region in which immigration has proven highly contentious and politically salient over the past thirty years. We study public opinion towards refugees in Hungary, a highly exclusionary political environment in which anti-migrant and anti-refugee sentiments are commonly invoked by the ruling government. Combining historical public opinion data from the past decade with original survey data collected in April 2022, we demonstrate that the Ukrainian refugee crisis was accompanied by a large increase in tolerance for refugees, reversing what had previously been one of the most anti-refugee public opinion environments in Europe. To explain this reversal, we use a series of survey experiments to investigate how conflict proximity and racial, religious, and national identity (three manifestations of what we term civilizational characteristics) shape openness to refugees. We find that the distinguishing feature of the 2022 refugee crisis was that refugees were mostly white European Christians driven from their home country by conflict. We discuss the implications of our argument for Hungary, for European politics in times of crisis, and for the politics of public opinion in competitive authoritarian regimes.
Sejarah Sosioantropologi kesehatan
Authors: Azis Erina .W.
Published: September 2022

antropologi dan ilmu sosiologi. Menurut Carna (1996), kaitan antropologi dan sosiologi sangatpah erat, tidak hanya berlaku saling pinjam metociologi tetapi juga konsep-konsep dan teorinya walaupun masing-masing subdisiplin ilmu-ilmu iersebut mengembangkan lebih jauh menurut filsafat dan perhatian khususnya.pemahaman tentang masyarakat dan kebudaYaan, seperti yang dilakukan oleh sosiologi adalah tentang masyarakat dan antropologi tentang kebudayaan manusia akan tak terhindarkan dari keadaan tumpang tindih karena kehidupan manusia itu suatu keseluruhan yang tak terpisahkan dari keberadaan masyarakat dan tingkah lakunya atau kebudayaannya.
SOSIOANTROPOLOGI
Authors: muayyad ahmad
Published: September 2022

Antropologi kesehatan (Medical Anthropology) adalah ilmu yang mempelajari perilaku atau budaya masyarakat dalam bidang kesehatan. Antropologi menggunakan perspektif ekologis dalam memahami pola penyakit yang memandang manusia sebagai bagian dari biologi dan budaya. Antropologi yang membahas tentang manusia dari segi keragaman fisik, masyarakat dan budaya, dikembangkan lebih lanjut dengan kesehatan mulai dari sehat, sakit dan sembuh.
SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN SOSIO ANTROPOLOGI KESEHATAN
Authors: Rahma Andi Anugrah
Published: September 2022

Antropologi Kesehatan adalah studi tentang pengaruh unsur-unsur budaya terhadap penghayatan masyarakat tentang penyakit dan kesehatan (Solita Sarwono, 1993). Antropologi kesehatan merupakan bagian dari antropologi sosial dan kebudayaan yang mempelajari bagaimana kebudayaan dan masyarakat mempengaruhi masalah-masalah kesehatan, pemeliharaan kesehatan, dan masalah terkait lainnya.Budaya merupakan hasil karya manusia. Budaya lahir akibat adanya interaksi dan pemikiran manusia. Manusia akan selalu berkembang seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang mereka hasilkan. Budaya manusia juga akan ikut berkembang dan berubah dari masa ke masa. Hal ini terjadi pula pada budaya kesehatan yang ada pada masyarakat. Budaya kesehatan akan mengalami perubahan. Dengan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan yang pesat dan teknologi yang semakin canggih, budaya kesehatan di masa lalu berbeda dengan kebudayaan kesehatan di masa sekarang dan mendatang
Will there be a VR dystopia for chickens?
Authors: Le Tam-Tri
Published: September 2022

A recent study aims to increase hens' welfare using VR.
State Violence and Participation in Transitional Justice: Evidence from Colombia
Authors: Voytas Elsa , Crisman Benjamin
Published: September 2022

Can the legacy of state violence undermine participation in transitional justice services designed to consolidate peace after conflict? We argue that, in the aftermath of armed fighting, state-perpetrated violence leads to reduced uptake of government reconciliation policies. We leverage spatial and temporal variation in levels of civilian victimization by perpetrator and find that, in contrast to violence committed by non-state groups, violence carried out by state forces against civilians is associated with lower levels of enlistment in Colombia's state-run victim's registry. We replicate this relationship using survey data and present evidence linking victimization by the state to lower levels of trust in the government overall. Together, our analyses demonstrate that disaggregating the identity of armed actors can provide significant theoretical and empirical advances in our understanding of peacemaking and post-conflict reconstruction. In the Colombian case, the legacy of state violence leads to the systematic exclusion of certain types of victims from transitional justice and undermines trust in the institutions responsible for building durable pathways to peace. Consequently, our findings have implications both for the design of transitional justice policies, the study of the legacies of conflict on political and social outcomes, and processes of post-conflict peacebuilding.
Body-based units of measure in cultural evolution
Authors: Kaaronen Roope Oskari , Manninen Mikael A. , Eronen Jussi T.
Published: September 2022

Measurement systems are important drivers of cultural and technological evolution. However, the evolution of measurement is still insufficiently understood. Many early standardized measurement systems evolved from body-based units of measure, such as the cubit and fathom, but researchers have rarely studied how or why body-based measurement has been used. We document body-based units of measure in 186 cultures, illustrating how body-based measurement is an activity common to cultures around the world. We describe the cultural and technological domains these units are used in. We argue that body-based units have had, and may still have, advantages over standardized systems, such as in the design of ergonomic technologies. This helps explain the persistence of body-based measurement centuries after the first standardized measurement systems emerged.
Analisis Karakteristik Sosial Budaya Kesehatan masyarakat di Maluku
Authors: Erina.W.Azis
Published: September 2022

Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, orang begitu sering membicarakan soal kebudayaan. Namun, apakah yang disebut dengan kebudayaan? Pengertian kebudayaan meliputi bidang yang luasnya seolah-olah tidak ada batasnya. Dalam pengertian sehari-hari, istilah kebudayaan sering diartikan sama dengan kesenian, terutama seni suara dan seni tari. Akan tetapi, apabila istilah kebudayaan diartikan menurut ilmu-ilmu sosial, kesenian merupakan salah satu bagian saja dari kebudayaan. Kata "kebudayaan" berasal dari bahasa Sansekerta yaitu budhayah yang merupakan bentuk jamak kata "buddhi" yang berarti budi atau akal. Kebudayaan diartikan sebagai "hal-hal yang bersangkutan dengan budi atau akal".Adapaun istilah culture yang merupakan istilah bahasa asing sama artinya dengan kebudayaan berasal dari kata Latin yaitu colere, artinya mengolah atau mengerjakan. Kemudian diartikan sebagai segala daya dan kegiatan manusia untuk mengolah dan mengubah alam.Seorang antrololog yaitu E.B. Tylor (1871) memberikan definisi kebudayaan bahwa kebudayaan adalah kompleks yang mencakup pengetahuan, kepercayaan, kesenian, moral, hukum, adat istiadat dan kemampuan-kemampuan lain serta kebiasaan-kebiasaan yang didapatkan oleh manusia sebagai anggota masyarakat. Dengan kata lain, kebudayaan mencakup semuanya yang didapatkan atau dipelajari oleh manusia sebagai anggota masyarakat, terdiri dari segala sesuatu yang dipelajari dari pola-pola perilaku yang normatif. Artinya, mencakup segala cara-cara atau pola-pola berpikir, merasakan dan bertindak.
Factors associated with use of opioid rescue medication after surgery
Authors: Meier Isabell M. , Eikemo Marie , Trøstheim Martin , Buen Kaja , Jensen Eira Nordeng , Karlsen Siri Gurandsrud , Reme Sile Endresen , Berna Chantal , Leknes Siri , Ernst Gernot
Published: September 2022

Opioid exposure after surgery increases risk of persistent opioid use. Here, we characterize at-home use of opioid rescue medication during acute recovery after day surgery (N=270) in an opioid sparing context. The post-surgical pain management plan included non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and up to 6 pills of 5mg oxycodone to be taken as needed. Thirty-two percent of patients reported having taken at least one dose of opioid analgesic 1-2 days after discharge. Opioid-takers differed from non-takers by prevalence of chronic pain (>3 months; 74% versus 48%), significantly higher pain and pain interference levels before and after surgery, received more opioid analgesics in the recovery room, and younger age. Logistic regressions confirmed a predictive role of these measures for rescue opioid medication use during acute recovery. Opioid-takers also had lower self-reported ability to cope with pain during acute recovery, and higher worry before surgery, but did not differ significantly on prior opioid or tobacco use.Long-term follow-up (4-30 months) data included self-reported opioid use, pain catastrophising and overall substance use from 143 patients (53%); no additional differences were identified from these materials. Acute pain levels were low at long term follow-up and only four patients (2%) reported using opioid analgesics.In conclusion, pre-operative chronic and acute pain, younger age and self-reported difficulty in coping with pain during recovery emerge as valuable predictors of opioid self-administration in the acute recovery phase and could be targets in patient centred care.
Exploring racial performance disparities with the Modified Mini Mental State Exam (3MS) in an acute brain injury rehabilitation setting
Authors: Perrin Paul B.
Published: September 2022

Purpose/Objective: The Modified Mini-Mental State Exam (3MS) is a brief, widely-used cognitive screening tool. This study examined differences in 3MS performance between Blacks and Whites undergoing acute brain injury rehabilitation.Research Method/Design: Participants were Black (44.1%; n=78) and White (55.9%; n=99) individuals admitted over a two-year period to inpatient rehabilitation for an acute neurological injury or illness at a major, urban mid-Atlantic medical center. An attending psychologist administered the 3MS during assessment at admission, and demographic and injury-related information was extracted from electronic medical records.Results: While there were no significant racial differences in the subsamples’ gender, employment status, marital status, years of education, or days on the rehabilitation unit, Black participants were older and had a higher proportion of focal injuries or stroke. There were no significant racial differences in 3MS total scores. At the item level, Black participants scored lower on Abstract Reasoning, Repetition, Visuospatial Construction, and Comprehension. When adjusting for age and type of injury, significant differences remained in Repetition and Comprehension. The 3MS’s internal consistency was adequate and comparable across races, as were item-total correlations, with the exception of White participants having a larger item-total correlation for the Basic Attention item.Conclusions/Implications: These findings underscore a point of caution about interpreting the results of a cognitive screening measure like the 3MS without the context of an individual’s neurological history and race. Black individuals might be at risk for being inappropriately screened to be cognitively impaired, and some level of racial sensitivity should be taken at the item level for Repetition and Comprehension constructs.
Three psychometric scales for groove research: Temporal regularity, time-related interest, and energetic arousal
Authors: Senn Olivier , Bechtold Toni , Jerjen Rafael , Kilchenmann Lorenz , Hoesl Florian
Published: September 2022

The majority of music psychologists understands the groove experience as a pleasurable urge to move in response to music. Senn et al.’s (2019, 2022) psychological model of musical groove formulates hypotheses about the cognitive processes and other factors associated with the groove experience. Specifically, it hypothesises that listeners’ urge to move to music depends on their inner representation of temporal regularity, their time-related interest triggered by the music, their listening pleasure, and the energetic arousal they experience while listening. The empirical investigation into the validity of the groove model requires psychometric scales that measure the subjective intensity of these processes in the listener. Scales for the urge to move and for listening pleasure are available; the current study develops three additional scales that measure how strongly listeners experience a sense of temporal regularity, time-related interest and energetic arousal while listening to music. These scales will be useful for the empirical verification of the groove model, but they may also be useful in different research contexts within music psychology.
Biocueing for body awareness and emotion regulation for patients with borderline personality disorder: An exploratory multiple baseline design
Authors: Wolsink Ellen , Noordzij Matthijs , Chakhssi Farid
Published: September 2022

Emotion dysregulation is considered to be the hallmark of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and may stem from poor body awareness. Biocueing – i.e. providing real-time feedback, in everyday life, on physiological arousal from bodily measurements – shows a promising perspective in augmenting existing treatment approaches for BPD. Aims of this study were to develop a biocueing protocol using a smartwatch application designed specifically for patients with BPD and evaluate its potential efficacy in improving body awareness and emotion regulation using a multiple baseline design. Nine participants with BPD, admitted to residential dialectic behavior therapy (DBT), received 3 weeks of biocueing preceded by baseline measurements that varied randomly (1-3 weeks), and 2 weeks follow-up. Participants reported daily on body awareness, and emotion regulation was evaluated at four different assessment points. Results showed that biocueing has good acceptance and feasibility when added to DBT. No significant effect was found on daily reported body awareness. No reliable change was found on self-reported body awareness and emotion regulation. Concluding interviews revealed an added value of biocueing for interoceptive awareness not captured by the current outcome measure. Thus, more studies with innovative methods for measuring body awareness are needed to examine the role of biocueing for patients with BPD.
Dynamical Driving Interactions between Human and Mentalizing-designed Autonomous Vehicle
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Zhang Yikang , Liu Quanying , Li Hanran Luna , Liang Zhichao , Wu Haiyan
Published: September 2022

Autonomous vehicle (AV) is progressing rapidly, but there are still many shortcomings when interacting with humans. To address this problem, it is necessary to study the human behaviors in human-AV interactions, and build a predictive model of human decision-making in the interaction. In turn, modeling human behavior in human-AV interaction can help us better understand human perception of AVs and human driving strategies. In this work, we first train multi-level AV agents using reinforcement learning (RL) models to imitate three mentalizing levels (i.e. level-0, level-1, and level-2), and then design a human-AV driving task that subjects interact with each level of AV agents in a two-lane merging scenario. Both human and AV driving behaviors are recorded. We found that conservative subjects obtain more rewards because of the randomness of the RL agents. Our results indicate that (i) human driving strategies are flexible and changeable, which allows humans to quickly adjust the strategy to maximize the reward when gaming against AV; (ii) human driving strategies are related to mentalizing ability, and subjects with higher mentalizing scores drive more conservatively. Our study shed light on the relationship between human driving policy and mentalizing in human-AV interactions, and it can inspire the next-generation AV.
Where Divergent Ideas Converge: Answers to AUT Found on Short List of Word Co-Occurrences Terms
Authors: Klein Ariel , Badia Toni
Published: September 2022

Divergent thinking (DT) is a fundamental part of creative ideation. Understanding its role in cognition and its attainment through language technology can provide the scaffolding to enhance creative endeavors. This study is a proof of concept on the automatic generation of keyword responses as found on the AUT (Alternative Uses Task), a test commonly used to measure DT. Within a psychometric perspective, we propose a frequency-based simple word co-occurrence method called Co-OBM (co-occurrence-based method). Drawing from Natural Language Processing (NLP) we choose the adequate parameter settings for this task, including part-of-speech tagging (POS), word form, association measure, minimum occurrence in corpus and window size. Through our experiments, we show how most of the popular responses to AUT can be identified in a short word co-occurrence list, together with some of the least frequent, and usually more creative, responses, how this outcome is not random but based on linguistic patterns (Experiment 1); and how Co-OBM output can enhance the performance of subjects’ AUT responses (Experiment 2). This is relevant since word co-occurrence is at the core of current language models. Our work aims to reflect and provide technical and empirical foundations for the development of distributional language models for creative purposes.
Knowledge and Well-Being in the Digital Society: Towards a Research Agenda
Authors: Büchi Moritz
Published: September 2022

Digital media have permeated all spheres of life in many world regions and drastically changed how people seek information to satisfy their everyday knowledge needs. Successfully fulfilling these needs can impact subjective well-being and life outcomes. This is pronounced in transition-al phases with increased knowledge needs such as emerging adulthood. These needs and their fulfillment are socially structured, for example through skills differences. Simultaneously, how knowledge can be acquired through digital media is also dependent on their structure and governance. This paper contributes first to a better understanding of how sociotechnical infrastructures change, how and where they can be shaped by whom, and what is ultimately required for a future web of knowledge (epistemic web); and second, to making the effects of individual information seeking practices on life outcomes and well-being empirically addressable. Equitable digital societies require understanding and governing how digital media enable access to which knowledge. Considering the knowledge needs and dynamic life trajectories in the digital society, research is needed that can provide critical empirical and theoretical insights for the future of human communication and well-being.
Working from Home Around the World
Authors: Aksoy Cevat Giray , Barrero Jose Maria , Bloom Nick , Davis Steven J. , Dolls Mathias , Zarate Pablo
Published: September 2022

The pandemic triggered a large, lasting shift to work from home (WFH). To study this shift, we survey full-time workers who finished primary school in 27 countries as of mid 2021 and early 2022. Our cross-country comparisons control for age, gender, education, and industry and treat the U.S. mean as the baseline. We find, first, that WFH averages 1.5 days per week in our sample, ranging widely across countries. Second, employers plan an average of 0.7 WFH days per week after the pandemic, but workers want 1.7 days. Third, employees value the option to WFH 2-3 days per week at 5 percent of pay, on average, with higher valuations for women, people with children and those with longer commutes. Fourth, most employees were favorably surprised by their WFH productivity during the pandemic. Fifth, looking across individuals, employer plans for WFH levels after the pandemic rise strongly with WFH productivity surprises during the pandemic. Sixth, looking across countries, planned WFH levels rise with the cumulative stringency of government-mandated lockdowns during the pandemic. We draw on these results to explain the big shift to WFH and to consider some implications for workers, organization, cities, and the pace of innovation.
Ten Steps to an Effective National Nature Assessment
Authors: Carroll Carlos , Noss Reed F. , Rosa Lindsay , Hamilton Healy , Stein Bruce A.
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive biodiversity assessments play an essential role in strengthening global and national conservation strategies. The recently announced first US National Nature Assessment provides a unparalleled opportunity to comprehensively review status and trends of biodiversity at all levels; this broad context can then help coordinate actions to conserve individual species and ecosystems. The scientific assessments informing the Global Biodiversity Framework adopted at the 2022 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) conference of parties provide models for synthesizing information on trends at multiple levels of biodiversity, including decline in abundance and distribution of species, loss of populations and genetic diversity, and degradation and loss of ecosystems and their services, along with data on drivers of biodiversity loss and pathways to their mitigation. The US national assessment can augment such global analyses and avoid the pitfalls encountered by previous US efforts by ensuring policy-relevant design, data accessibility, and inclusivity in both process and product, and by incorporating spatial data relevant to both national and subnational audiences. Although the US is not formally a CBD party, an effective NNA should take full advantage of the global context by including targets and indicators adopted at the 2022 meeting and incorporating an independent review mechanism that supports periodic stocktaking and ratcheting up of ambition in response to any identified shortfalls in stemming biodiversity loss. The challenges to design of an effective US assessment are also relevant globally as nations develop assessments and reporting to support the post-2020 global biodiversity targets. By considering and incorporating the diverse ways in which society values and benefits from nature, such assessments can help bridge the gap between research and conservation practice and communicate the extent of the biodiversity crisis to the public, fostering broad-based support for transformative change in humanity’s relationship to the natural world.
Wealth Begins at Home: The Housing Benefits of the 1944 GI Bill and the Reproduction of Black-White Inequality in Homeownership and Home Value
Authors: Agbai Chinyere O.
Published: September 2022

This article bridges empirical research on wealth inequality and theoretical perspectives on the influence of racial structures to highlight the empirical implications of historic policy on Black-White inequalities in homeownership. Taking the case of the 1944 GI Bill, I draw upon the 1960 IPUMS and restricted administrative data from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs to demonstrate that the GI Bill increased homeownership and home value for Black and White veterans nationally, and results varied significantly by region. Notably, however, because pre-GI Bill Black-White inequalities in housing outcomes were significant, the policy exacerbated existing racial inequalities. These inequalities have only persisted and intensified into the contemporary period. Finally, I analyze counterfactual scenarios to interrogate how different factors contributed to these racial inequalities. I conclude with a discussion of the implications of findings for sociological considerations of stratification processes over time, housing and wealth inequality specifically, and how historic policies have reproduced existing racial inequalities.
Etiological Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Eye Lid Laceration: A Hospital Based Prospective Study
Authors: Thapa Bikram Bahadur , Gurung Nanda Kumari
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Lid laceration is a very common peri-ocular trauma. Regarding the etiology and treatment, it lacks studies in developing nations including Nepal.

Aims: To assess the etiological characteristics and treatment outcomes of eyelid laceration.

Methods: In this study, 47 cases of traumatic eyelid laceration were consecutively studied and its epidemiology, etiology and treatment outcome were evaluated.

Results: The 47 patients were included in the study. The mean age of study population was 26.14 ± 18.02 years. Male: female ratio was 1.6:1. The trauma occurred on road in 34 (72.3%) cases, followed by at home (14.9%), at work place (8.5%) and at entertainment areas (4.2%). The most common mode of injury was road traffic accident (72.3%) followed by fall injury (17%), Physical assault (6.4%) and animal bite (4.3%). The 68.1% of had isolated lid laceration, 12.7% had other adnexal injuries and 10.6% had globe injuries, 8.5% had other facial injuries and only 4.1% had systemic trauma. The partial thickness laceration was observed on 42(89.4%) cases and full thickness laceration on 5 (10.6%) cases. The length of lid laceration ranged from 4- 45 mm (mean ±SD was 14.7±8.3 mm). The 14.9% cases had canalicular laceration. The 85% of the laceration healed without visible scar. Only 4 patients (8.5%) had thick hypertrophic scar. The visual function was intact in 44 patients whereas impaired in 3 patients with accompanying open globe injury. The complications noted were hypertrophic scar (8.6%), wound infection (2.1%), ectropion (2.1%), corneal opacity (2.1%) and phthisis bulbi (2.1%).

Conclusion: This study highlights the high-risk people and work place for eyelid laceration and the safety precautions in dangerous settings, including daily and routine work places. Only accompanying open globe injury can damage visual function.
Evaluation of Displaced Medial Epicondyle Fracture in Children Treated Operatively with K Wire
Authors: Yogi Sushil , Shrestha Dinesh Kumar , Shah Aman
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Medial epicondyle fractures of humerus are one of the common pediatric elbow injuries accounting for nearly 11% of the elbow injuries. This avulsion apophyseal fracture can lead to non-union and valgus instability. Thus, open reduction and internal fixation is helpful in maintaining union and a stable functioning elbow joint.

Aims: To evaluate the outcome of operative management of displaced medial epicondyle fracture of humerus by open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wires using MAYO elbow scoring.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics of Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur from July 2020 to December 2021 in childrenbetween six to 16 years of age. All the patients in study were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with K wires. Mayo elbow performance score was used for evaluating functional outcome.

Results: Thirty six patients were included with the mean age of 11.5 years (SD ± 2.5). Twenty five patients were males and 11 were females. Left side was found to be predominantly involved in 23 patients (66.6%). The mean duration of union was found to be 6.6 weeks (SD±0.6). Thirty four patients had excellent result in Mayo elbow performance score while two patients showed good result. The mean Mayo elbow performance score was 96.4 (SD± 3.9).

Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation with K wires in this type of fracture had excellent to good results. The complications like nonunion and valgus instability are found to have fewer occurrences in children treated with operative means of treatment.
An Epidemiological Study of Road Traffic Accident Cases Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Bhandari Binus , Shrestha Sugam , Khadka Dipendra
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Road traffic accidents are a major global health problem. Incidence of road traffic accidents can be minimized by applying safety measures and following strict traffic rules and regulations.

Aims: The main purpose of our study was to find out the socio-demographic profile of the victims involved in road traffic accidents and to provide epidemiological data.

Methods: This is a hospital based, cross sectional study with victims of road traffic accidents attending to Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur,a tertiary care center. Consecutive patients of road traffic accidents attending emergency department or admitted in wards (surgery, orthopedic or neurosurgery) were taken and information of injury pertaining to epidemiological factors and demographic profile along with time of occurrence of accident, type of vehicle involved, the pattern of injury, site of accident and part of body involved was collected on a pre-designed proforma.

Results: Total patients enrolled in the study were 410.Majority of victims were young with age group of 10-19 years(18.5%). By gender male were more affected than female (67.8% versus 32.2%).Incident was more among married couple (61%). Majority belongs to Hindu by religion (96.1%). Regarding educational level majority have attained school level education (46.8%). By occupation majority were students (36.1%) followed by private employee (16.6%). Most of road traffic accidents were happened during summer season (65.4%). Regarding time most accidents were in between 6 PM10PM. Major site of accident was highway (63.4%). Among vehicle involved 4 wheelers were more common (65.4%).Head, neck and face region was found mostly injured in this study (33.2%). Most common type of injury was abrasion (30.7%) then followed by laceration (26.3%).

Conclusion: Road traffic accidents can be minimized and it’s fatal consequences also preventable by strict enforcement of traffic rules and applying safety measures.
PRE FEASIBILITY STUDI PEMANFAATN LUMPUR LAPINDO SEBAGAI MATERIAL ALTERNATIVE UNTUK STONEWARE DAN ARTHWAREMUM
Authors: Caroline Jenny
Published: September 2022

Lapindo mud waste is hot mud from PT. Lapindo Brantas allegedly contains hazardous materials. Utilization of Lapindo mud waste must be carried out with several tests. Testing on the characteristics of the waste using the Toxicit Characteristic Leadching Procedure (TCLP) test. This research was conducted on a laboratory scale by varying the composition of cement, fine aggregate and Lapindo mud ((1:2:10), (1:3:10), (1:3:9) which were used as bricks and will be tested for absorption. brick brick gravity test, brick surface friction test The results of this study are the average compressive strength of bricks using Lapindo mud with a mixture composition of 10% mud decreased by 18.09 Kg/cm², the composition of the mixture 7.5% mud, namely 18.57 Kg/cm², and 5% mix composition, which is 20.94 Kg/cm², can be categorized as B4 quality bricks (Used for non-weather protected walls), with a standard strength of 21 kg/cm². Meanwhile, the absorption test of all brick compositions meets the requirements SNI is based on SNI 03-0349-1989 regarding concrete bricks (brick), the maximum air absorption rate requirement is 25%.Keywords: Brick, Lapindo Mud, Absorption Test