bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contributions of Prenatal Exposures and Child Lifestyle to Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Alves Jasmin M , Zink Jennifer , Chow Ting , Luo Shan , Belcher Britni R , Xiang Anny H , Page Kathleen A
Published: April 2020

Context

Prenatal exposures and lifestyle factors are important for metabolic health.

Objective

Determine how prenatal exposures to maternal obesity and/or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and childhood lifestyle factors independently contribute to child insulin sensitivity.

Design and Participants

Ninety children aged 7 to 11 years (56% girls, 60% exposed to GDM), born at Kaiser-Permanente Southern California, completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as part of the BrainChild Study. Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was used to estimate insulin sensitivity. Participants completed two 24-hour dietary recalls, and daily energy intake (EI), dietary added sugar, and total sugar were calculated. The 3-day physical activity recall determined the average minutes per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the average minutes per day spent sedentary. Maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and GDM status were extracted from electronic medical records.

Main Outcome Measure

Matsuda-ISI.

Results

Linear regression showed that children who spent more time in MVPA had better ISI (β = 0.33; P = 0.001), and results remained after adjustment for maternal prepregnancy BMI, GDM exposure, child age, sex, daily EI, dietary added sugar (β = 0.34; P = 0.001), and further adjustment for child adiposity (β = 0.29; P = 0.001). Time spent sedentary, maternal prepregnancy BMI, GDM exposure, dietary added sugar, total sugar, and EI were not associated with ISI.

Conclusions

Physical activity was the only predictor of ISI at this age, suggesting that engaging in physical activity during childhood is beneficial for insulin sensitivity and may ameliorate future risk for metabolic disease.
The Game of Belief
Authors: Maguire Barry , Woods Jack
Published: April 2020

It is plausible that there is a distinctively epistemic standard of correctness for belief. It is also plausible that there is a range of practical reasons bearing on belief. These theses are often thought to be in tension with each other. To resolve the tension, the authors draw on an analogy with a similar distinction between types of reasons for actions in the context of activities. This motivates a two-level account of the structure of normativity. The account relies upon a further distinction between normative reasons and authoritatively normative reasons. Only the latter constitutively play the functional role of explaining what state one just plain ought to be in. The authors conjecture that all and only practical reasons are authoritative. Hence, in one important sense, all reasons for belief are practical reasons. But this account also preserves the autonomy and importance of epistemic reasons.
Cost-effectiveness for imaging stable ischemic disease
Authors: Terpenning Silanath , Stillman Arthur
Published: April 2020

Stable ischemic heart disease remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Although there are multiple imaging modalities to diagnose and/or assist in the clinical management, the most cost-effective approach remains unclear. We reviewed the relevant and recent evidence-based clinical studies and trials to suggest the most cost-effective approach to stable ischemic heart disease. The limitations of these studies are discussed. Incorporating the results of recent multicenter trials, we suggest that for appropriate patients with coronary artery disease with any degree of stenosis or presence of coronary calcium, optimal medical therapy may be most cost-effective. Invasive coronary angiography and/or coronary revascularization would be primarily for non-responders or >/=50% left main stenosis. Stress cardiac magnetic imaging would be performed for those patients with non-diagnostic coronary CT angiography from motion and non-responders from optimal medical therapy in non-diagnostic coronary CT angiography group from high coronary calcium. These paths seem to be safe and cost-effective but requires modeling for confirmation.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
Authors: Rubio Gomez Miguel Angel , Ibba Michael
Published: April 2020

The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are an essential and universally distributed family of enzymes that plays a critical role in protein synthesis, pairing tRNAs with their cognate amino acids for decoding mRNAs according to the genetic code. Synthetases help to ensure accurate translation of the genetic code by using both highly accurate cognate substrate recognition and stringent proofreading of noncognate products. While alterations in the quality control mechanisms of synthetases are generally detrimental to cellular viability, recent studies suggest that in some instances such changes facilitate adaption to stress conditions. Beyond their central role in translation, synthetases are also emerging as key players in an increasing number of other cellular processes, with far-reaching consequences in health and disease. The biochemical versatility of the synthetases has also proven pivotal in efforts to expand the genetic code, further emphasizing the wide-ranging roles of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family in synthetic and natural biology.
qSOFA score for prediction of sepsis outcome in emergency department
Authors: Shahsavarinia Kavous , Moharramzadeh Payman , Arvanagi Reza Jamal , Mahmoodpoor Ata
Published: April 2020

Objective: The third international consensus definition for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis 3) task force recently introduced qSOFA (quick sequential organ failure assessment) as a score for detection of patients at risk of sepsis outside of intensive care units. We performed this study to evaluate the validity of qSOFA for early detection and risk stratification of septic patients in emergency department.

Methods: We conducted this study in an emergency department of the largest university affiliated hospital in northwest of Iran from Sept 2015 to Sept 2016. One hundred and forty patients who were SIRS positive with a suspected infection without alternative diagnosis and a microbiological proven infection were enrolled in this study. qSOFA was calculated for each patient and correlated with sepsis grades and mortality.

Results: From 140 patients 84 (60%) had positive qSOFA score and 56 (40%) patients had negative qSOFA score. Our results showed that near half of patients with positive qSOFA expired during their stay in hospital while this was about 5% for patients with negative qSOFA. ROC curve of study regarding prediction of outcome with qSOFA showed an area under curve of 0.59. (P value: 0.04). Time spent to sepsis detection was 16 minutes shorter with qSOFA score compared to SIRS criteria in this study.

Conclusion: In patients with suspected sepsis, qSOFA has acceptable value for risk stratification of severity, multi organ failure and mortality. It seems that education of medical staff and frequent screening of patients for warning signs can help to increase the value of qSOFA in prediction of mortality in critically ill septic patients.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.2031

How to cite this:Shahsavarinia K, Moharramzadeh P, Arvanagi RJ, Mahmoodpoor A. qSOFA score for prediction of sepsis outcome in emergency department. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):668-672. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.2031

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Orofacial manifestations of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: a case series from Brazil
Authors: Falcão Gleicy Gabriela Vitória Spinola Carneiro , Lins-Kusterer Liliane , Leite-Ribeiro Patricia Miranda , Sarmento Viviane Almeida
Published: April 2020

The dental surgeon plays a fundamental role in the early diagnosis of oral leishmaniasis. Although these lesions are rare at oral mucosa, this is one of the manifestations sites of the disease This study reports seven clinical cases of orofacial mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. All had mucocutaneous leishmaniasis confirmed by laboratory tests, with orofacial involvement. Five out of the seven cases were males, and in four cases, patients had associated comorbidities. Late diagnosis was observed, resulting in treatment delay and increased hospitalization stay. One patient had severe psychological consequences due to facial deformity. The lack of differential diagnosis due the great variability of clinical presentation of the lesions and frequent unspecific histopathology represent a challenge for the dental surgeon. In two reported cases, there were unspecific biopsy results. This series of cases highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis and treatment of oral and perioral leishmaniasis. Patients with atypical lesions, originating from or living in endemic regions, should be investigated for leishmaniasis. These procedures could avoid delays in diagnosis and decrease the risk of disease dissemination.
Where is the patient’s chair? Differences in general practitioner consultation room layouts - an exploratory questionnaire
Authors: Floss Mayara , Hoedebecke Kyle , Vidal-Alaball Josep
Published: April 2020

Background: Consultation room design varies from country to country. The layout of a general practitioner’s (GP’s) consulting room may influence the physician’s or patient’s experience. The aim of this study is to explore and investigate the layout of GP’s consulting rooms around the world and to describe any significant differences.

Methods: Between 3rd July and 2nd August 2018, an internet-based questionnaire on Google Docs was distributed by email, social media and WhatsApp platforms to several worldwide rural medicine groups.  Analysis of an internet-based questionnaire to explore possible layouts of consultation rooms within practices was performed. The questionnaire was designed with three distinct sections: first, a GP demographic profile including gender, year of graduation from medical school, country of graduation, and type of practice (private or public); second, questions relating to the office layout; third, a section for questionnaire feedback.  

Results: 502 responses to the questionnaire were received; 65.3% women and 34.7% men.  The most common layout in Europe and America was where the physician and the patient were separated by a desk. The layout where the physician and the patient had a 90º angle facing each other was the most commonly used layout in Asia-Pacific and Africa. For GPs who graduated before 1990 and between 1990-2010, the layout where the table was between the patient and physician was preferred. However, physicians graduating after 2010 preferred a layout with the physician and the patient with a 90º angle facing each other.

Conclusion: The position of the GP’s desk differs between and within countries as well as the gender of the physician and year of graduation. Next steps should focus on gathering an even greater breadth of GP input, as well as comparing and contrasting those to the preferences of our patients and communities.
Study of interaction energies between residues of the active site of Hsp90 and geldanamycin analogues using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods
Authors: Vivas-Reyes Ricardo , Morales-Bayuelo Alejando , Gueto Carlos , Drosos Juan C. , Márquez Lázaro Johana , Baldiris Rosa , Ahumedo Maicol , Vivas-Gomez Catalina , Aparicio Dilia
Published: April 2020

Background:Heat shock protein (Hsp90KDa) is a molecular chaperone involved in the process of cellular oncogenesis, hence its importance as a therapeutic target. Geldanamycin is an inhibitor of Hsp90 chaperone activity, which binds to the ATP binding site in the N-terminal domain of Hsp90. However, geldanamycin has shown hepatotoxic damage in clinical trials; for this reason, its use is not recommended. Taking advantage that geldanamycin binds successfully to Hsp90, many efforts have focused on the search for similar analogues, which have the same or better biological response and reduce the side effects of its predecessor; 17-AAG and 17-DMAG are examples of these analogues.

Methods:In order to know the chemical factors influencing the growth or decay of the biological activity of geldanamycin analogues, different computational techniques such as docking, 3DQSAR and quantum similarity were used.  Moreover, the study quantified the interaction energy between amino acids residues of active side and geldanamycin analogues, through hybrid methodology (Autodock-PM6) and DFT indexes.

Results:The evaluation of interaction energies showed that the interaction with Lys58 residue is essential for the union of the analogues to the active site of Hsp90, and improves its biological activity. This union is formed through a substituent on C-11 of the geldanamycin macrocycle. A small and attractor group was found as the main steric and electrostatic characteristic that substituents on C11 need in order to interact with Lys 58; behavior was observed with hydroxy and methoxy series of geldanamycin analogues, under study.

Conclusion:This study contributes with new hybrid methodology (Autodock-PM6) for the generation of 3DQSAR models, which to consider the interactions between compounds and amino acids residues of Hsp90´s active site in the alignment generation. Additionally, quantum similarity and reactivity indices calculations using DFT were performed to know the non-covalent stabilization in the active site of these compounds.
Inhibition of in vitro Ebola infection by anti-parasitic quinoline derivatives
Authors: Goyal Shawn , Binnington Beth , McCarthy Stephen D.S. , Desmaële Didier , Férrié Laurent , Figadère Bruno , Loiseau Philippe M. , Branch Donald R.
Published: April 2020

There continues to be no approved drugs for the treatment of Ebola virus disease (EVD). Despite a number of candidate drugs showing limited efficacy in vitro and/or in non-human primate studies, EVD continues to plaque certain areas of Africa without any efficacious treatments yet available. Recently, we have been exploring the potential for anti-malarial drugs to inhibit an in vitro model of Ebola Zaire replication using a transcription-competent virus-like particle (trVLP) assay. We examined the efficacy of chloroquine, amodiaquine and 36 novel anti-parasite quinoline derivatives at inhibiting Ebola virus replication. Drug efficacy was tested by trVLP assay and toxicity by MTT assay. Both chloroquine and amodiaquine were effective for inhibition of Ebola virus replication without significant toxicity. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of chloroquine and amodiaquine to inhibit Ebola virus replication were IC50, Chl = 3.95 µM and IC50, Amo = 1.45 µM, respectively. Additionally, three novel quinoline derivatives were identified as having inhibitory activity and low toxicity for Ebola trVLP replication, with 2NH2Q being the most promising derivative, with an IC50 of 4.66 µM. Quinoline compounds offer many advantages for disease treatment in tropical climates as they are cheap to produce, easy to synthesize and chemically stable. In this report, we have demonstrated the potential of anti-parasite quinolines for further investigation for use in EVD.
Case Report: Ectopic third molar in the maxillary sinus with infected dentigerous cyst assessed by cone beam CT
Authors: Elmorsy Khairy , Elsayed Lubna K. , El Khateeb Sara M.
Published: April 2020

Ectopic development of teeth in nondental areas is uncommon, especially in the maxillary sinus. A panoramic radiograph is the routine diagnostic radiographic examination performed for this type of eruption, although cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is highly recommended for further localization of the ectopic tooth and assessment of the characteristics of any associated lesion before a surgical procedure. We report a case of a 13-year-old female student who presented with purulent discharge posterior to the upper right second molar with a bad taste and foul odour. Radiographic examination revealed a maxillary third molar tooth located at the posterosuperior aspect of the right maxillary sinus with a hyperdense lesion surrounding the crown, obliterating the sinus cavity. Both the tooth and dentigerous cyst were surgically removed under general anaesthesia through Caldwell-Luc antrostomy. After a three-month follow-up, the patient was symptom free and had an uneventful recovery. The rare and critical location of the reported third molar along with the infected dentigerous cyst indicates its complete enucleation to avoid complications as recurrence or malignant transformation.
Evaluation of dental arches in orthodontic patients with condylar hyperplasia in a North Sumatra subpopulation: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sofyanti Ervina , Boel Trelia , Satria Denny , Ritonga Zuriyah Fionita , Hasibuan Indah Hafniar
Published: April 2020

Background: Condylar Hyperplasia (CH) is a self-limiting mandibular condyle disorder that shows asymmetry progress conjunction with associated occlusal changes as long as condylar growth is still active and leads to facial asymmetry. This study aimed to evaluate dental arches by analyzing dental arch asymmetry and form in orthodontic patients with CH in a North Sumatra subpopulation.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of suspected CH patient’s clinical records who sought for the initial orthodontic treatment between January 2015 to March 2019. Patient with facial asymmetry (based on photography, posterior cross bite and midline deviation), positive temporomandibular joint disorder in functional analysis, and no history of facial trauma were included in the study. Dental arch asymmetry was based on the measurement of dental midline deviation, canine tip in the dental arch, distance of the upper canines from the palatal suture, and inter canine distance. The evaluation of dental arch was achieved by comparing arch width and length.

Results: There was a significant difference (p<0.05) of upper canine distance from the palatal suture in female patients when evaluating upper dental arch asymmetry. There was a moderate correlation (r=0.379) in midline deviation between upper and lower dental arch. The dimension and dental arch form was mid and flat, and there was moderate correlation (r=0.448) between the upper and lower dental arch form in these CH patients.

Conclusion: The evaluation of dental arch symmetry and arch form showed asymmetric occlusal characteristics in orthodontics patient with CH in North Sumatera subpopulation. In treating these patients, we recommend the plaster cast evaluation as essential and routine procedure in order to understand the complexity of occlusal change due to active growth of condylar and limitation in radiography evaluation.
PRESa2i: incremental decision trees for prediction of Adenosine to Inosine RNA editing sites
Authors: Choyon Alif , Rahman Ashiqur , Hasanuzzaman Md. , Farid Dewan Md , Shatabda Swakkhar
Published: April 2020

RNA editing is a very crucial cellular process affecting protein encoding and is sometimes correlated with the cause of fatal diseases, such as cancer. Thus knowledge about RNA editing sites in a RNA sequence is very important. Adenosine to Inosine (A-to-I) is the most common of the RNA editing events. In this paper,we present PRESa2i, a computation prediction tool for identification of A-to-I RNA editing sites in given RNA sequences. PRESa2i uses a simple, yet effective set of sequence based features generated from RNA sequences and a novel feature selection technique. It uses an incremental decision tree algorithm as the classification algorithm. On a standard benchmark dataset and independent set, it achieves 86.48% accuracy and 90.67% sensitivity and significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods. We have also implemented a web application based on PRESa2i and made it available freely at: http://brl.uiu.ac.bd/presa2i/index.php. The materials for this paper are also available to use from: https://github.com/swakkhar/RNA-Editing/.
An enhanced toolkit for the generation of knockout and marker-free fluorescent Plasmodium chabaudi
Authors: Marr Edward J , Milne Rachel M , Anar Burcu , Girling Gareth , Schwach Frank , Mooney Jason P , Nahrendorf Wiebke , Spence Philip J , Cunningham Deirdre , Baker David A , Langhorne Jean , Rayner Julian C , Billker Oliver , Bushell Ellen S , Thompson Joanne
Published: April 2020

The rodent parasite Plasmodium chabaudi is an important in vivo model of malaria. The ability to produce chronic infections makes it particularly useful for investigating the development of anti-Plasmodium immunity, as well as features associated with parasite virulence during both the acute and chronic phases of infection. P. chabaudi also undergoes asexual maturation (schizogony) and erythrocyte invasion in culture, so offers an experimentally-amenable in vivo to in vitro model for studying gene function and drug activity during parasite replication. To extend the usefulness of this model, we have further optimised transfection protocols and plasmids for P. chabaudi and generated stable, fluorescent lines that are free from drug-selectable marker genes. These mother-lines show the same infection dynamics as wild-type parasites throughout the lifecycle in mice and mosquitoes; furthermore, their virulence can be increased by serial blood passage and reset by mosquito transmission. We have also adapted the large-insert, linear PlasmoGEM vectors that have revolutionised the scale of experimental genetics in another rodent malaria parasite and used these to generate barcoded P. chabaudi gene-deletion and –tagging vectors for transfection in our fluorescent P. chabaudi mother-lines. This produces a tool-kit of P. chabaudi lines, vectors and transfection approaches that will be of broad utility to the research community.
A multi-parameter diagnostic clinical decision tree for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients presenting to an emergency centre
Authors: van Hoving Daniël Jacobus , Meintjes Graeme , Maartens Gary , Kengne Andre Pascal
Published: April 2020

Background: Early diagnosis is essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality of HIV-associated tuberculosis. We developed a multi-parameter clinical decision tree to facilitate rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis using point-of-care diagnostic tests in HIV-positive patients presenting to an emergency centre.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in a district hospital emergency centre in a high-HIV-prevalence community in South Africa. Consecutive HIV-positive adults with ≥1 WHO tuberculosis symptoms were enrolled over a 16-month period. Point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) and urine lateral flow lipoarabinomannan (LF-LAM) assay were done according to standardized protocols. Participants also received a chest X-ray. Reference standard was the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Xpert MTB/RIF or culture. Logistic regressions models were used to investigate the independent association between prevalent microbiologically confirmed tuberculosis and clinical and biological variables of interest. A decision tree model to predict tuberculosis was developed using the classification and regression tree algorithm.

Results: There were 414 participants enrolled: 171 male, median age 36 years, median CD4 cell count 86 cells/mm3. Tuberculosis prevalence was 42% (n=172). Significant variables used to build the classification tree included ≥2 WHO symptoms, antiretroviral therapy use, LF-LAM, PoCUS independent features (pericardial effusion, ascites, intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy) and chest X-ray. LF-LAM was positioned after WHO symptoms (75% true positive rate, representing 17% of study population). Chest X-ray should be performed next if LF-LAM is negative. The presence of ≤1 PoCUS independent feature in those with ‘possible or unlikely tuberculosis’ on chest x-ray represented 47% of non-tuberculosis participants (true negative rate 83%). In a prediction tree which only included true point-of-care tests, a negative LF-LAM and the presence of ≤2 independent PoCUS features had a 71% true negative rate (representing 53% of sample).

Conclusions: LF-LAM should be performed in all adults with suspected HIV-associated tuberculosis (regardless of CD4 cell count) presenting to the emergency centre.
Neuroma of the Dorsal Rami in the Back and Its Surgical Treatment: A Case Report
Authors: Lim Joonho , Eun Seokchan
Published: April 2020

A neuroma is a benign tumor caused by irregular or disorganized regeneration of nerve tissue after nerve injury. It sometimes causes severe symptoms and thus deteriorates the quality of life. There are few reports of truncal neuromas and its surgical treatment with the outcome. The authors report a case of a surgically improved traumatic neuroma in a 77-year-old man presented with dysesthesia of the back skin medial to the left scapula.
Subungal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Choi Ji-An , Kwak Jung-Ha , Choi Jeong-Hwan , Lim Kwang-Ryeol , Kim Dae Cheol , Yoon Chung-Min
Published: April 2020

Malignant tumors of the hand are rare. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common tumor that can develop at the nail bed. However, its prevalence is extremely rare. We report a male patient with SCC in the middle finger and provide a review of related literature. A 70-year-old male patient presented with subungal exudate of the right middle finger for 2 years. The lesion was treated by the patient himself without any relief. He visited the other hospital and underwent removal of the affected fingernail followed by histopathological examination. An extended excision was performed to remove the lesion located in close proximity with the distal phalanx along with a portion of the phalangeal soft tissues. The tumor shows malignant squamous sheets and nests with invasive growth pattern and pleomorphism. At the 6-month postoperative follow-up, neither symptom relapse nor other complications were observed. Various types of skin cancers, such as SCCs and malignant melanomas, can develop in the hand. However, their incidence is extremely rare. In particular, subungal lesions, which may be mistaken as fungal nail infections, require histopathological examination if they respond only slowly to treatment.
“El medio ambiente: la empresa más grande del mundo”. Reconfiguraciones sociales de la institucionalidad ambiental en Islote, Colombia
Authors: Leiva Espitia Andrea
Published: April 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es examinar las presencias y reconfiguraciones locales de la institucionalidad ambiental en Islote, una isla del Caribe colombiano. Mediante el trabajo de campo etnográfico que tuvo lugar durante el año 2010, parte del 2011 y visitas posteriores en el 2018, se estudia la organización sociopolítica y el prestigio individual como factores locales que contradicen las expectativas y políticas de Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. Los resultados de la observación participante, entrevistas etnográficas y participación en talleres de las entidades ambientales muestran que la presencia de las instituciones ambientales se separa de su significado local y adquiere otra forma, se convierte en un espacio burocrático de representación externa que es reconfigurado localmente. Inspirada en el concepto de simplificación colonial de Page West (2006), muestro cómo, tanto los isleños como la entidad ambiental, pasan por un proceso de reconfiguración mutua, que genera relaciones, en su mayoría, conflictivas.
COVID-19 Considerations in Dental Care
Authors: Darwish Samy
Published: April 2020

COVID-19 is a disease that is causing uncertainty with the provision of dental services. The situation is rapidly changing and dentists remain unsure on how to change practices accordingly. Formal guidance remains sparse at the time of writing, so this paper presents matters within the practice of dentistry to be considered, as we adapt to the rapidly-changing need.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dentists are unsure what to do and where to look for guidance during this worrying pandemic situation. A structured presentation of matters arising within the practice of dentistry is required for consideration in order to maximize the safety of patients and members of the dental team.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder: a Guide to Identification and Management for the General Dental Practitioner
Authors: Rosten Adina , Newton Tim
Published: April 2020

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a relatively common psychiatric condition in which the individual is disproportionately concerned about an aspect of his/her appearance. People with BDD are highly likely to seek cosmetic dental treatment. However, the provision of such treatment is contra-indicated. This article will identify simple techniques for practitioners to screen for and manage patients with BDD.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article addresses the management of patients with a specific psychiatric illness who are likely to present for cosmetic dental treatments.
Gaussian source beam diffraction by a perfect electromagnetic half-plane
Authors: Basdemir Husnu Deniz
Published: April 2020

In the present work, diffraction of a Gaussian source beam by a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) semi-screen is investigated. Due to the special property of the PEMC sheet, which is a combination of perfect electric conductor and perfect magnetic conductor surfaces, the reflected wave from the PEMC surface has a cross-polarized component in addition to the co-polarized component. For an electric line source illumination, the diffracted fields are derived by considering the analogy between the transition boundaries and scattered geometric optics fields. Later, the complex point source technique is applied for evaluation of Gaussian beam diffraction. The finite magnitude values of fields are derived with the aid of an improved version of the well-known uniform theory of diffraction for evanescent plane waves. Also, the resultant waves are plotted and discussed for different groups of parameters.
Spectroscopic investigations of 142Nd3+:YVO4 for quantum memory applications
Authors: Liang Peng-Jun , Liu Xiao , Li Pei-Yun , Zhou Zong-Quan , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can
Published: April 2020

A

Y
V
O

4

single crystal doped with

142

N
d

3
+

ions is grown using the Czochralski method. We present systematic spectroscopy measurements of the

4

I

9

/

2

→

4

F

3

/

2

transition of

142

N
d

3
+

ions at a temperature of 1.5 K. An absorption coefficient of

3.0

m
m

−
1

is obtained, along with an inhomogeneous broadening below 0.5 GHz. Under a magnetic field of 0.3 T, the optical coherence time and population lifetime are measured as 64 µs and 120 µs, respectively. The ground-state spin relaxation time approaching 11.3 s is determined by spectral hole burning. These results demonstrate the potential for broadband quantum storage using the electron spin levels of this material.
Stably and highly sensitive FIR thermometry over a wide temperature range of 303-753 K based on the GdVO4:Eu3+ and Al2O3:Cr3+ hybrid particles
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Li Leipeng , Qin Feng , Zhang Zhiguo
Published: April 2020

Fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) temperature sensors provide an effective method to control or study fine variations in physical and biological research because of their high sensitivity, accuracy, and spatial resolution. However, it is difficult to maintain high sensitivity over a wide temperature range using FIR temperature sensors because of the limits of the Boltzmann distribution law. In this study, sensitivity amplification for a wide temperature range in FIR thermometry based on GdVO4:Eu3+ and Al2O3:Cr3+ hybrid particles is achieved. The mechanism of the non-monotonic temperature dependence of the relative sensitivity (Sr) is studied. The results demonstrate that the Sr stably keeps ∼2.4% per K over a wide temperature range of 303–753 K, thus providing a basis for the extensive application of FIR temperature sensors.
Disciplining women in Hong Kong: The discourse of ‘Kong girl’ in the media and daily life
Authors: Lee Tracy K.
Published: April 2020

In the recent decades, ‘Kong girls’ has become a vogue term in the media as well as in daily conversations among youths in Hong Kong. The term, which is more of a negative slang form than a neutral short term of ‘Hong Kong girls’, egregiously refers to young women who supposedly embody Hong Kong values that are dominated by materialism. Thus, it would be interesting from a gendered perspective to tease out the ideological implications of the term: why does it refer universally to young females (all girls in Hong Kong) rather than those with/under specific conditions (such as those with princess syndrome or materialist mindsets)? This article examines the features of ‘Kong girls’ in a mass-media context and compares them with the findings of focus group discussions with local young informants. Although the media helped shape the images of Kong girls and form the stereotypes of the terminology in the society, the content analysis results show inconsistency and tensions with focus group findings. The Kong girl discourse in the media and daily life manifests anxieties and perplexity of young men in Hong Kong, who are facing the crisis of masculinity catalysed by the emerging status of women.
Cultural amnesia or continuity? Expressions of han in K-pop
Authors: Boman Björn
Published: April 2020

K-pop content is generally associated with romantic love, immaturity, synchronized dance choreographies, attractive performers and globally fashionable pop music. However, over the last years more variability in regard to lyrics and music, partly linked to increased artistic agency among some entertainment companies, has been manifested. In this article, I have analysed how the cultural concept of han (associated with grief or resentment among Korean people) is expressed among groups and artists like BTS, (G)I-dle and Luna/Jambinai. The findings indicate that han in such discourses, while sometimes implicit rather than explicit, expresses lost love, the transgenerational understanding of Korean grief, or an appeal to the collective feeling of vulnerability among global audiences.
Miki Dezaki speaks about the new struggle for Japanese patriotism
Authors: Sommers Scott
Published: April 2020

The ‘comfort women’ issue is perhaps Japan’s most contentious present-day diplomatic quandary. Inside Japan, the issue is dividing the country across clear ideological lines. Supporters and detractors of ‘comfort women’ are caught in a relentless battle over empirical evidence, the validity of oral testimony, the number of victims, the meaning of sexual slavery and the definition of coercive recruitment. Credibility, legitimacy and influence serve as the rallying cry for all those involved in the battle. In addition, this largely domestic battleground has been shifted to the international arena, commanding the participation of various state and non-state actors and institutions from all over the world. This film delves deep into the most contentious debates and uncovers the hidden intentions of the supporters and detractors of comfort women. Most importantly, it finds answers to some of the biggest questions for Japanese and Koreans: were comfort women prostitutes or sex slaves? Were they coercively recruited? And, does Japan have a legal responsibility to apologize to the former comfort women?
From speakability to hypothetical mise en scène: A Chinese rendition of monologues from Peter Shaffer’s Amadeus from page to stage
Authors: Yang Yichen
Published: April 2020

In order to develop a deeper understanding of speakability and its connection to the actual practice of stage translation, this study explores the rendition of Salieri’s monologues in the 1986 Beijing production of Peter Shaffer’sAmadeus. The study finds that speakability does not manifest itself in specific stylistic forms; nor would it be determined by the adoption of any particular translation strategy. Rather, its conceptualization could be deeply embedded in the translator’s reading of the given dramatic roles and circumstances. This would make the translated playtext a so-called ‘hypothetical performance text’ incorporated with the translator’s own hypotheticalmise en scène. The process of testing speakability through the actor’s verbalization is also one where the translator’s hypotheticalmise en scèneis evaluated. By tracking the verbal changes made from page to stage, this study shows how the process could be influenced by the negotiation with and between the translational and the theatrical norms governing the different phases of the production, and how a stage translator could make greater contribution to the process.
Performing walking sims: From Dear Esther to Inchcolm Project
Authors: Bozdog Mona , Galloway Dayna
Published: April 2020

In 2012 The Chinese Room launched Dear Esther, a video game that would go on to shape video game history and define a new genre: the walking simulator. Walking simulators renounce traditional game tropes and foreground walking as an aesthetic and as a dramaturgical practice, which engages the walker/player in critical acts of reading, challenging and/or performing a landscape. In October 2016, Dear Esther was adapted as a site-responsive, promenade performance set on the Scottish island of Inchcolm in the Firth of Forth. The resulting performance, Dear Rachel, was then experienced alongside the game under the umbrella name Inchcolm Project. This hybrid event – multimedia (promenade performance, gameplay and musical performance) and mixed-reality (with physical, augmented and virtual components) – required the development and implementation of complex processes of remediation and adaptation. Drawing from a range of theories and practitioner reflection, this article puts forward a design framework – storywalking – which reconciled the two adaptation challenges: responding to the site and to the game.
Unsettling embodied literacy in QWOP the walking simulator
Authors: Stark Doug
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this article is twofold: first, to cast a critical eye on an arguably conservative aspect of so-called ‘walking simulators’ – their walking simulation and second, to position viral browser game QWOP (2008) as an intervention into dominant paradigms of video game walking control. The first half discusses how walking simulators inherit and share a ‘grammar of action’ for simulating walking with a number of other games (Galloway). I argue this grammar of action constitutes the reification of a particular subject position – one associated with a normative bodymind – in video gameplay via a combination of representations, control procedures and player ‘embodied literacy’ (Keogh). The second half considers QWOP’s alternate grammar of walking simulation and how this precipitates a different relationship between player and video game, prompting questions about distributed cognition, intentionality, failure and what it means for a game to be critical.
The Worries of a Patriarchy
Authors: Kagen Melissa
Published: April 2020

Review of: The Worries of a Patriarchy

Death Stranding, Hideo Kojima (2019)

Kojima Productions, PlayStation 4, Microsoft Windows
What is ‘antimicrobial resistance’ and why should anyone make films about it? Using ‘participatory video’ to advocate for community-led change in public health
Authors: Cooke Paul , Shrestha Ashim , Arjyal Abriti , Giri Romi , Jones Nichola , King Rebecca , Mitchell Jessica , Tait Caroline , Donlan Inés Soria , Baral Sushil
Published: April 2020

In this article, we discuss the role of participatory video (PV) as a tool for developing community-level solutions to ‘Antimicrobial Resistance’ (AMR) in Nepal. In recent years, PV has become an ever more popular tool in development contexts for supporting communities in low and middle income countries to raise awareness of issues that they do not feel are adequately represented in mainstream media. One area of growing interest in this regard is public health. However, PV has not, to date, been used to address AMR, currently considered to be one of the biggest public health issues we face globally. Placing our project within the wider context of ‘participatory documentary’ practice, we examine the world-view presented in the films this project generated, a dimension of such projects that is, somewhat curiously perhaps, often overlooked, with commentators tending to focus on theprocessof delivering PV, rather than the finalproductsmade. Here we are particularly interested in questions ofpowerand how a close reading of the texts produced highlights the complexity of the power relationships at work in these films, which, in turn, can allow us to reflect in new ways on theprocessesat work in the project.
In defence of social psychology attending to the institutional dimension: Potentialities for extending comprehension of the ecological and political
Authors: Castro Paula
Published: April 2020

Abstract In this article I have the following goals: to enter the debate on what defines social psychology as a social science, arguing that it is the prominence conceded to a focus on agreed ‐ not natural ‐ limits to human action; to add to this debate a further
distinction ‐ that between social facts and cultural/institutional facts ‐ together with a theorization of the later highlighting the relevance of attending to the (de)legitimization of institutions; to extract consequences of this position for social psychology; finally, to
offer two cases illustrating and hopefully clarifying the set of theoretical arguments and concepts I used before: Sophocles' Antigone, and the EU debate on Natura 2000, both evidencing a tension between the legal and the legitimate. I conclude by suggesting that such a social psychology
can work together with the social sciences to ask questions productive for extending our knowledge of the ecological and the political.
How to be a realist about Minkowski spacetime without believing in magical explanations
Authors: Sus Adan
Published: April 2020

The question about the relation between spacetime structure and the symmetries of laws has received renewed attention in a recent discussion about the status of Minkowski spacetime in Special Relativity. In that context we find two extreme positions (either spacetime explains symmetries of laws or vice-versa) and a general assumption about the debate being mainly about explanation. The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to argue that the ontological dimension of the debate cannot be ignored; second, to claim that taking ontology into account involves considering a third perspective on the relation between spacetime and symmetries of laws; one in which both terms would be somehow derived from common assumptions on the formulation of a given physical theory.
El proceso de desecuritización de la doctrina militar en Colombia
Authors: Castillo Castañeda Alberto , Niño González César Augusto
Published: April 2020

¿Cómo ha sido el proceso de desecuritización de la doctrina militar en Colombia luego del proceso de paz con las farc-ep? En el artículo, argumentamos que el proceso de desecuritización de la doctrina militar en Colombia posee un punto de inflexión en el año 2007 y es por eso por lo que las negociaciones en Cuba y la firma en el Teatro Colón de Bogotá no incidieron en la nueva doctrina de las Fuerzas Militares, pero sí afectaron la configuración de los planes estratégicos y de guerra. De hecho, las farc alcanzaron un desescalamiento en la visión y noción securitaria en la agenda colombiana y pasaron de ser una amenaza y problema de seguridad a un asunto exclusivamente político.
A importância de unidades de conservação na proteção de aves da floresta atlântica frente à fragmentação
Authors: Zimmermann Carlos Eduardo , Branco Joaquim Olinto , Marenzi Rosemeri Carvalho , Willrich Matheus Allan Kurtz
Published: April 2020

Due to the few studies in ornithology in the gleba menor of the Sassafras and Canela Preta Biological, the objective of this study was to evaluate the role of these Units for the preservation of forest birds. In the field, a monthly quantitative inventory was carried out, covering all seasons and periods of the day. The specimens were identified by sonic and visual evidences using a 7 X 35 mm binocular. The displacement in each area was one hour, carried out by walking at a constant speed (Â± 3.0 km / h) on pre-existing tracks, covering the largest area and possible environments. For each unit with the area and perimeter values, the form factor was calculated. With a sample effort of 65 and 71 hours of observation for the Canela Preta Biological Reserve and for the gleba menor, it was possible to record 182 and 190 species respectively. The richness in the areas can be considered high when compared to the richness in the greater area in the Sassafras Rebio (3,840 ha), where 237 species were registered. Among the species are those considered endemic, which for the two areas add up to 84 species, such as Lipaugus lanioides (Lesson, 1844). It was possible to record the presence of species characteristic of altitudes such as: Pyrrhocoma ruficeps (Strickland, 1844). Among species of conservation interest we have Amazona vinacea (Kuhl, 1820) considered threatened (EN). The most representative species was the Critically Endangered (CR) Primolius maracana (Vieillot, 1816). For the shape factor we obtained values of 0.21 (Sassafras) and 0.18 (Canela-Preta). Values less than 1 indicate a more circular area and, consequently, less edge effect. From the above, it is evident the importance of these protected areas Â for the conservation of bird species against the fragmentation of the Atlantic Forest in Santa Catarina.
O Potencial Encontro da Educação Ambiental Com a Literatura de Cordel
Authors: Fraga de Araújo Bruna Elizabeth , Lourenço Fernanda Malheiro , Pelacani Bárbara
Published: April 2020

O Cordel é uma expressão popular que aborda temáticas variadas, dentre elas a questão ambiental. O presente artigo visa apresentar a potência de se articular a Educação Ambiental (EA) aos Cordéis. O interesse na produção deste trabalho nasceu da importância de discutir sobre EA ao mesmo tempo pensando em práticas diferenciadas de intervenção. Este artigo foi construído a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica dos conceitos fundamentais da pesquisa: Literatura de Cordel e Educação Ambiental e uma posterior análise de cinco cordéis com o olhar da Educação Ambiental Crítica (EAC). Através deste trabalho pudemos observar como o cordel torna-se relevante para fundamentar uma EAC visto que é um material que traz à tona uma crítica a partir do território e ao mesmo tempo dialoga com os sujeitos oprimidos.
Educação Ambiental na Base Nacional Comum Curricular
Authors: Barbosa Giovani , De Oliveira Caroline Terra
Published: April 2020

O trabalho se propõe a analisar a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), em sua última versão, realizando algumas reflexões referentes à inserção da Educação Ambiental, dentro do que dispõe o documento, para as relações de ensino e aprendizagem nas escolas do país, realizando um debate sobre as possibilidades propostas para o desenvolvimento de uma consciência do sujeito em relação aos problemas socioambientais. Desse modo, através de pesquisa com base em análise documental, o trabalho tem como proposição dialogar, tanto com alguns autores do campo de pesquisa da Educação Ambiental, como outros que venham a colaborar para o estudo, problematizando como o documento trata a temática, no nível do Ensino Fundamental.