bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Development of a Master Thesis Mediated Through Technology
Authors: Mesquita Anabela
Published: August 2018

It is not always easy to start a research process. When doing a master thesis, it is necessary to take into consideration that there is no previous experience in the scientific process. Usually, during the development of a master thesis, student and supervisor work side-by-side or at least with a stronger support from the side of the supervisor. It is expected to have the supervisor close by to clarify doubts or point ways. But what happens when student and supervisor are not close by? When they communicate at distance, using different means to reach their purposes? How to help the student to find his/her way and, even more important, to keep him/her motivated in this solitary road? In this chapter, the authors present a situation where supervisors and students are separated by an ocean. They describe the challenges faced by both supervisor and students and give some recommendations in order to help other similar key players to overcome the difficulties and be successful.
E-Assessment of Cognitive Skills in Outcome-Based Education for Object-Oriented Programming
Authors: Dharmalingam Jeya Mala
Published: August 2018

This chapter describes how the Edmodo and Moodle—the open source learning management systems (LMS)—can be used for e-assessment to evaluate the cognitive skills of students in programming paper such as object-oriented programming, where the practical content has programming constructs, debugging code snippets, analysis of results when employing different language constructs to solve the same problem, etc. This work shows (1) how Edmodo could be used to submit the assignments on time with timely reminders, access the external tools, and the analysis of the results to improve the performance assessment online, and (2) how Moodle plays a vital role in making the learning process an easier one. Based on the experience gained on teaching object-oriented programming subject with e-assessment based on Edmodo to help OBE to achieve better results, this chapter provides as a case study for further application and research in this area.
Fault Detection and Isolation in Power Systems Using Unknown Input Observer
Authors: Alhelou Hassan Haes
Published: August 2018

Unknown input observers (UIO) find application in many cases for successful fault detection and isolation (FDI). In this chapter, a scenario where the unknown input observer is applied to load frequency control loops in interconnected power systems is analyzed. A UIO was chosen because load demand is not always constant and it can be considered to introduce an unknown disturbance to the system. Mathematical formulations on how to detect and isolate sensor faults are presented which are then implemented in MATLAB Simulink for simulations. Based on this historical survey on the application of UIO, a thesis on UIO application in FDI in distributed generation is done.
Diagnosis of the Broken Rotor Bars Faults by Root-MUSIC Method
Authors: Boudinar Ahmed Hamida , Bendiabdellah Azeddine , Benouzza Noureddine
Published: August 2018

This chapter describes a new diagnosis approach, the Root-MUSIC (RM) method, for identification of the progressive cracking in the rotor of induction motors. This method used initially in the domain of RADAR for localizing mobile targets is being applied to the domain of induction motors diagnosis. This approach has several advantages compared to the conventional power spectral density estimation (PSD) by periodogram technique. Indeed, the main advantage of this approach is its very good frequency resolution for a very short acquisition time, something impossible to achieve with the conventional method. However, in order to reduce the computation time which is the main drawback of the RM method, this method will be applied to only a specified frequency band: one that carries information about the sought fault.
Invasive Methods to Diagnose Stator Winding and Bearing Defects of an Induction Motors
Authors: Sheikh Muhammad Aman , Saad Nordin B. , Nor Nursyarizal Mohd , Bakhsh Sheikh Tahir , Irfan Muhammad
Published: August 2018

Condition monitoring in an induction motor must concentrate on the root causes of the failure modes that exhibit a slow failure sequence. According to published surveys, two-fifths of the faults are due to bearing failures. Inter-turn short circuit faults in stator windings are approximately responsible for one-third of the motor faults. In the last few decades, various methods and alternative techniques have been proposed and implemented to diagnose induction motor faults. In an induction motor, stator winding and bearing faults account the largest percentage of motor failure. Due to the fact these faults can lead the motor to catastrophic failure that are expensive in term of maintenance cost, wastage raw material, and unplanned shutdown. Thus, to diagnose the state of motor and overcome existing problem, the chapter provides detailed invasive methods which are proposed and are currently in practice. Moreover, the chapter also highlights the limitation, scope, and the challenges of existing invasive condition monitoring techniques.
A State-of-the-Art Critique Review of the Role of Decision-Making Techniques in NDT for Condition Monitoring
Authors: Khaira Ashish , Dwivedi Ravi K.
Published: August 2018

Nondestructive testing (NDT) is a vital tool in maintenance. Each NDT technique has some benefits and hindrances; therefore, the selection is crucial. Generally, the selection of a technique relies on operating personnel experience, and very few research papers shows uses of the decision-making (DM) approach. It was highlighted by various researchers that if a proper DM approach is used, it will save time and increase fault detection reliability. By keeping this fact in mind, this chapter is an attempt to provide a detailed review of research work from the year 2000-2018 that covered the role of DM techniques while making combinations of NDT for effective condition monitoring. It observed from the literature that very few researchers effectively utilized the power of DM tool. The researcher can use the outcome of this work as a beacon and improve it further.
Leadership styles and relational energy: Do all leaderships styles generate and transmit equal relational energy?
Authors: Amah Okechukwu E.
Published: August 2018

Background: Despite the espoused importance of relational energy, and the fact that it is generated in interaction between leaders and their subordinates, little is known about which leadership style generates the highest relational energy.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine if there are differences in the levels of relational energy generated and transmitted when employees interact with leaders who exhibit autocratic, transactional, transformational and servant leadership styles.Method: The study utilised scenario-based experimental methodology to gather data. Five leadership experts reviewed the description of each leadership style prior to use in the study. A pilot study was carried out with 40 executive education participants to establish that the description of each leadership style was different and identifiable by non-experts. Fifty-two executive Master of Business Administration (MBA) participants from various organisations in six industries in Lagos, Nigeria, provided data for the scenario analysis. To avoid errors, the data for each style were collected separately. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance and Tukey’s honest significant difference test.Results: The results of the scenario analysis showed that indeed there is a difference in the relational energy generated when employees interact with different leadership styles.Conclusion: The results have practical implications for the selection and training of individuals to be placed in leadership positions. Leadership selection and training must emphasise servant leadership. This is the first study to empirically establish that different leadership styles generate and transmit different levels of relational energy during interaction with employees.
Exploration of PM2.5 sources on the regional scale in the Pearl River Delta based on ME-2 modeling
Authors: Huang Xiao-Feng , Zou Bei-Bing , He Ling-Yan , Hu Min , Prévôt André S. H. , Zhang Yuan-Hang
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China, which has a population of more than 58
million people, is one of the largest agglomerations of cities in the world
and had severe PM2.5 pollution at the beginning of this century. Due to
the implementation of strong pollution control in recent decades, PM2.5
in the PRD has continuously decreased to relatively lower levels in China. To
comprehensively understand the current PM2.5 sources in the PRD to
support future air pollution control strategies in similar regions, we
performed regional-scale PM2.5 field observations coupled with a
state-of-the-art source apportionment model at six sites in four seasons in
2015. The regional annual average PM2.5 concentration based on the
4-month sampling was determined to be
37 µg m−3, which is still more than 3 times the WHO
standard, with organic matter (36.9 %) and SO42- (23.6 %)
as the most abundant species. A novel multilinear engine (ME-2) model was
first applied to a comprehensive PM2.5 chemical dataset to perform
source apportionment with predetermined constraints, producing more
environmentally meaningful results compared to those obtained using
traditional positive matrix factorization (PMF) modeling. The regional annual
average PM2.5 source structure in the PRD was retrieved to be secondary
sulfate (21 %), vehicle emissions (14 %), industrial emissions
(13 %), secondary nitrate (11 %), biomass burning (11 %),
secondary organic aerosol (SOA, 7 %), coal burning (6 %), fugitive
dust (5 %), ship emissions (3 %) and aged sea salt (2 %).
Analyzing the spatial distribution of PM2.5 sources under different
weather conditions clearly identified the central PRD area as the key
emission area for SO2, NOx, coal burning, biomass
burning, industrial emissions and vehicle emissions. It was further estimated
that under the polluted northerly air flow in winter, local emissions in the
central PRD area accounted for approximately 45 % of the total
PM2.5, with secondary nitrate and biomass burning being most abundant;
in contrast, the regional transport from outside the PRD accounted for more
than half of PM2.5, with secondary sulfate representing the most
abundant transported species.
Local and remote temperature response of regional SO2 emissions
Authors: Lewinschal Anna , Ekman Annica M. L. , Hansson Hans-Christen , Sand Maria , Berntsen Terje K. , Langner Joakim
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Short-lived anthropogenic climate forcers, such as sulphate aerosols, affect both climate and air quality. Despite being short-lived, these forcers do not affect temperatures only locally; regions far away from the emission sources are also affected. Climate metrics are often used e.g. in a policy context to compare the climate impact of different anthropogenic forcing agents. These metrics typically relate a forcing change in a certain region with a temperature change in another region and thus often require a separate model to convert emission changes to radiative forcing changes. In this study, we used a coupled Earth System Model (NorESM) to calculate emission-to-temperature-response metrics for sulphur dioxide (SO2) emission changes in four different policy-relevant regions: Europe, North America, East Asia and South Asia. We first increased the SO2 emissions in each individual region by an amount giving approximately the same global average radiative forcing change (−0.45 W m−2). The global mean temperature change per unit sulphur emission compared to the control experiment was independent of emission region and equal to ∼ 0.006 K/TgSyr−1. On a regional scale, the Arctic showed the largest temperature response in all experiments. The second largest temperature change occurred in the region of the imposed emission increase, except when South Asian emissions were changed; in this experiment, the temperature response was approximately the same in South Asia and East Asia. We also examined the non-linearity of the temperature response by removing all anthropogenic SO2 emissions over Europe in one experiment. In this case, the temperature response (both global and regional) was twice of that in the corresponding experiment with a European emission increase. This nonlinearity in the temperature response is one of many uncertainties associated with the use of simplified climate metrics.
Cloud feedbacks in extratropical cyclones: insight from long-term satellite data and high-resolution global simulations
Authors: McCoy Daniel T. , Field Paul R. , Elsaesser Gregory S. , Bodas-Salcedo Alejandro , Kahn Brian H. , Zelinka Mark D. , Kodama Chihiro , Mauritsen Thorsten , Vanniere Benoit , Roberts Malcolm , Vidale Pier L. , Saint-Martin David , Voldoire Aurore , Haarsma Rein , Hill Adrian , Shipway Ben , Wilkinson Jonathan
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Extratropical cyclones provide a unique set of challenges and opportunities in understanding variability in cloudiness over the extratropics (poleward of 30°). We can gain insight into the shortwave cloud feedback from examining cyclone variability. Here we contrast global climate models (GCMs) with horizontal resolutions from 7 km up to hundreds of kilometers with Multi-Sensor Advanced Climatology Liquid Water Path (MAC-LWP) microwave observations of cyclone properties from the period 1992–2015. We find that inter-cyclone variability in both observations and models is strongly driven by moisture flux along the cyclone's warm conveyor belt (WCB). Stronger WCB moisture flux enhances liquid water path (LWP) within cyclones. This relationship is replicated in GCMs, although its strength varies substantially across models. In the southern hemisphere (SH) oceans 28–42 % of the observed interannual variability in cyclone LWP may be explained by WCB moisture flux variability. This relationship is used to propose two cloud feedbacks acting within extratropical cyclones: a negative feedback driven by Clausius-Clapeyron increasing water vapor path (WVP), which enhances the amount of water vapor available to be fluxed into the cyclone; and a feedback moderated by changes in the life cycle and vorticity of cyclones under warming, which changes the rate at which existing moisture is imported into the cyclone. We show that changes in moisture flux drive can explain the observed trend in Southern Ocean cyclone LWP over the last two decades. Transient warming simulations show that the majority of the change in cyclone LWP can be explained by changes in WCB moisture flux, as opposed to changes in cloud phase. The variability within cyclone composites is examined to understand what cyclonic regimes the mixed phase cloud feedback is relevant to. At a fixed WCB moisture flux cyclone LWP increases with increasing SST in the half of the composite poleward of the low and decreases in the half equatorward of the low in both GCMs and observations. Cloud-top phase partitioning observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) indicates that phase transitions may be driving increases in LWP in the poleward half of cyclones.
Global CO2 Emissions from Cement Production
Authors: Andrew Robbie M.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Global production of cement has grown very rapidly in recent years, and after fossil fuels and land-use change, it is the third-largest source of anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide. The required data for estimating emissions from global cement production are poor, and it has been recognised that some global estimates are significantly inflated. Here we assemble a large variety of available datasets, prioritising official data and emission factors, including estimates submitted to the UNFCCC plus new estimates for China and India, to present a new analysis of global process emissions from cement production. We show that global process emissions in 2017 were 1.48 ± 0.20 Gt CO2, equivalent to about 4 % of emissions from fossil fuels. Cumulative emissions from 1928 to 2017 were 36.9 ± 2.3 Gt CO2, 70 % of which have occurred since 1990. Emissions in 2016 were 28 % lower than those recently reported by the Global Carbon Project. The data associated with this article can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.831454.
CO2 drawdown due to particle ballasting and iron addition by glacial aeolian dust: an estimate based on the ocean carbon cycle model MPIOM/HAMOCC version 1.6.2p3
Authors: Heinemann Malte , Segschneider Joachim , Schneider Birgit
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Despite intense efforts, the mechanisms that drive glacial–interglacial changes in atmospheric pCO2 are not fully understood. Here, we aim at quantifying the potential contribution of aeolian dust deposition changes to the atmospheric pCO2 drawdown during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). To this end, we use the ocean circulation and carbon cycle model MPIOM/HAMOCC, including a new parameterisation of particle ballasting that accounts for the acceleration of sinking organic soft tissue in the ocean by higher density biogenic calcite and opal particles, as well as mineral dust. Sensitivity experiments with reconstructed LGM dust deposition rates indicate that the acceleration of detritus by mineral dust likely played a small role for atmospheric pCO2 variations during glacial–interglacial cycles – on the order of 5 ppmv, compared to the reconstructed ∼80 ppmv-rise of atmospheric pCO2 during the last deglaciation. The additional effect of the LGM dust deposition, namely the enhanced fertilisation by the iron that is associated with the glacial dust, played a more important role – leading to a pCO2-drawdown by more than 8 ppmv in our LGM sensitivity experiments despite an underestimated iron-limitation in the used model setup.
Towards Measuring Resilience of Flood Prone Communities: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Oladokun Victor O. , Montz Burrell E.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Community resilience has become an important policy and research concept for understanding and addressing the challenges associated with the interplay of climate change, urbanization, population growth, land use, sustainability, vulnerability and increased frequency of extreme flooding. Although measuring resilience has been identified as a fundamental step toward its understanding and effective management, there is, however, lack of an operational measurement framework due to the difficulty of systematically integrating socio-economic and techno-ecological factors. The study examines the challenges, constraints and construct ramifications that have complicated the development of an operational framework for measuring resilience of flood prone communities. Among others, the study highlights the absence of definitional convergence with its attendant proliferation of conceptual frameworks, challenges of data availability, data variability and data compatibility. The study suggests the adoption of an agreed definitional platform as the basis for developing conceptual constructs across all disciplines dealing with resilience. Using the National Academies’ definition of resilience (NRC 2012), a conceptual and mathematical model was developed using the dimensions, quantities and relationships established by the definition. A fuzzy logic equivalent of the model implemented to generate a resilience index for three flood prone communities in the US. It is concluded that the proposed framework offers a viable approach for measuring community flood resilience even when there is a limitation on data availability and compatibility.
Foundations for giving: why and how Australians structure their philanthropy
Authors: Scaife Wendy , Williamson Alexandra , McDonald Katie , Smyllie Susan
Published: August 2018

Philanthropic foundations in Australia have traditionally been labelled ‘icebergs’. Much of what they do and who they are is not apparent on the surface. Many are unknown and apart from an occasional biography, almost all are sparsely documented in terms of the very personal decisions behind establishing them. Practically and academically, scant data exist on the decision journeys people make into formalised philanthropy. This study seeks to fill that gap. It is believed to be the largest such study of foundation decision-making ever undertaken in this country. It is the latest in a series of ACPNS research into types of considered (versus spontaneous) giving in Australia.This research has been supported by the Perpetual Foundation, the EF and SL Gluyas Trust and the Edward Corbould Charitable Trust under the management of Perpetual Trustee Company Ltd.
Redução de seio frontal: abordagem bucomaxilofacial na terapia de reabilitação das fraturas panfaciais
Authors: Santos Renato Dos , Cavalheiro Pâmela Marli , Comunello Iara Fiorentin , Campos Mara , Luckmann Guilherme
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: relatar um caso clínico de fratura do seio frontal,com o manejo clínico e cirúrgico, as complicaçõese os benefícios dos tratamentos adotados. As lesões doseio frontal, na sua maioria, relacionam-se a traumasde grande amplitude, como acidentes com veículos automotores,agressões físicas, ferimentos com arma defogo e acidentes em trabalhadores da construção civil,acometendo mais a população masculina entre 21 e30 anos de idade, podendo afetar as paredes anteriore/ou inferior do seio frontal, incluindo fraturas naso--órbito-etmoidal e zigomáticas. O seu envolvimentopode causar complicações relacionadas a cavidade intracraniana,órbita e/ou estruturas nasais, como sinusitesrecorrentes, osteomielite do osso frontal, mucoceleou mucopiocele, meningite, encefalite, abcesso cerebralou trombose do seio cavernoso, podendo evoluirpara o óbito do paciente. Os objetivos do tratamentosão: prevenção de infecção, isolamento do conteúdointracraniano, correção da drenagem de líquido cefalorraquidiano,restauração da função e da estética, podendoser realizado por equipe multidisciplinar. Relatode caso: o presente trabalho expõe um caso de fraturafronto-naso-órbito-etmoidal com afundamento de seiofrontal, confirmada por exame tomográfico de face,em um paciente masculino de 26 anos, vítima de acidenteautomobilístico, submetido a redução da paredeanterior do seio frontal, imobilização e fixação internarígida, com posterior redução fechada da fratura dos ossosnasais, tamponamento nasal anterior e contençãoexterna com micropore e gesso. Considerações finais:demonstrou-se com esse artigo a possibilidade de divergênciade tomada de conduta das diferentes áreasenvolvidas no tratamento e a importância do tratamentomultidisciplinar.

Palavras-chave: Bucomaxilofacial. Fraturas. Seio frontal.
Prevalence and disparities in the first dental visit of preschool children aged 12-18 months in southern Brazil
Authors: Hartwig Andréia Drawanz , Azevedo Marina Sousa , Romano Ana Regina , Cenci Maximiliano Sérgio
Published: August 2018

Objective: this study aimed to assess the use of dentalservices in a southern Brazilian city by children aged12-18 months and to verify the relationship betweensocioeconomic and demographic variables, as well asmaternal use of dental services, and presence of dentalcaries in the children. It also aimed to describe theprevalence of use of dental services by variables of disparity.Subjects and method: this cross-sectional studywas performed on the National Children’s VaccinationDay in 12 public health care centers in Pelotas, RS, Brazil.The data on demographic and socioeconomic status(children’s sex, number of children, family income, andmaternal education), pattern of maternal use of dentalservices, and children’s first dental visit were collectedusing a semi-structured interview answered by themothers. Clinical examination was performed to assessdental caries in the children. Chi-square and Fisher’sexact tests were performed to analyze the associationsand an equiplot graph investigated disparities in the prevalenceof the first dental visit of preschoolers. Results:most children had never been to the dentist (93.4%).The bivariate analysis showed that children who hadnever been to the dentist belonged to families with lowerincome, and their mothers presented low level ofeducation and did not use dental services. Conclusion:most children aged 12-18 months had never been to thedentist and there is a socioeconomic disparity in the useof dental services by preschool children.

Keywords: Child. Dental services. Preventive dentistry.Preschool.
Laserterapia de baixa potência no tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária
Authors: Sartori Ricardo , Soares Priscila Portella
Published: August 2018

Objetivos: avaliar, por meio de métodos clínicos, a eficácia da laserterapia de baixa potência no tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária, orientar os tipos de tratamento aos pacientes e proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida, interferindo diretamente no bem-estar diário, uma vez que a sensibilidade se mostra como uma das complicações mais dolorosas e resistentes.Métodos: foram selecionados 72 dentes de 23 pacientes sob dois testes: táctil e térmico evaporativo. Os dentes foram posteriormente divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: o grupo placebo (36 dentes) e o grupo laser(36 dentes), submetidos à terapia com laser de baixa potência, em que foram realizadas quatro sessões de aplicações, uma vez por semana. Resultados: o grupo laser apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante(p>0,05) na redução da sensibilidade dolorosa quando comparado ao grupo placebo tanto no teste táctil como no teste térmico evaporativo. Conclusão: a terapia com laser de baixa potência é eficaz e mostra-se muito promissora para o tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária.

Palavras-chave: Hipersensibilidade dentinária. Laserterapiade baixa potência. Laserterapia no tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária.
Tratamentos superficiais de sistemas cerâmicos para união a cimentos resinosos
Authors: Lima Verônica Pereira de
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: apresentar uma revisão de literatura sobre os tipos de tratamentos de superfície disponíveis para cimentação adesiva a sistemas cerâmicos. Revisão de literatura: ainda que haja certo consenso na união adesiva às vitro cerâmicas, ainda não há uma unanimidade quanto à adesão de cerâmicas policristalinas de alta resistência. Com base na literatura disponível, para vitrocerâmicas, o tratamento preferencial ainda é o condicionamento com ácido hidrofluorídrico (HF), em concentração e tempo correspondentes a seu conteúdo cristalino, seguido de silanização. Para as policristalinas à base de zircônia, métodos como condicionamento seletivo por infiltração ou revestimento tribo químico com sílica, seguidos de silanização e utilização de primer sou cimentos resinosos contendo monômero MDP, resultaram em altos valores de resistência de união. Considerações finais: vitrocerâmicas são adequadamente tratadas por meio de condicionamento com HF, seguido de silanização. Maiores valores de resistência de união para as cerâmicas policristalinas foram obtidos após tratamento com condicionamento seletivo por infiltração ou silicatização, seguido de silanização, além da utilização de primers ou cimentos resinosos contendo monômero MDP. Porém, são necessários estudos in vitro adicionais para definir a melhor opção de tratamento para tais materiais.

Palavras-chave: Cerâmicas. Cimentação. Restauração dentária permanente.
Probióticos associados ao tratamento das doenças periodontais: revisão de literatura
Authors: Cardoso Matheus Völz , Ragghianti Zangrando Mariana Schutzer , Passanezi Sant’ana Adriana Campos , De Rezende Maria Lúcia Rubo , Greghi Sebastião Luiz Aguiar , Damante Carla Andreotti
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: revisar a literatura sobre o tratamento das doenças periodontais associado à probióticos, identificando as funcionalidades e os principais agentes microbianos empregados. Material e método: foi realizada busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed e ScienceDirect, empregando os termos de busca probiotics e periodontal diseases. Como critérios de inclusão, foram selecionadas pesquisas clínicas originais e ensaios clínicos publicados em português ou inglês. Resultados: após pesquisa e minuciosa revisão por título e resumo de cada estudo, 40 ensaios clínicos randomizados foram selecionados para avaliação dos desfechos observados. Todos os estudos empregaram probióticos associados à raspagem, alisamento e polimento coronorradicular. A cepa bacteriana mais utilizada é o Lactobacillus reuteri.Foi demonstrado que os probióticos conferem potencial auxilio ao tratamento das lesões periodontais. Embora os parâmetros avaliados nem sempre sejam beneficiados pelo tratamento, o uso dos microrganismos benéficos reduziu a necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica principalmente em pacientes com bolsas profundas. Considerações finais: A utilização dos probióticos se mostra segura e traz pequenos ganhos auxiliares no tratamento das doenças que acometem o periodonto. Desenhos de estudos com rigor metodológico e amostras representativas são encorajados visando analisar e testar os benefícios desses agentes.

Palavras-chave: Doenças periodontais. Lactobacillus. Probióticos.
Prevalência de traumatismos maxilofaciais causados por agressão ou violência física em mulheres adultas e os fatores associados: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Chaves Amandia Dos Santos , Guerra Lund Rafael , Martos Josue , Salas Mabel Miluska Suca , Soares Mônica Regina Pereira Senra
Published: August 2018

O traumatismo maxilofacial de mulheres causado por violência tem sido mais abordado nos últimos anos. O aumento dos casos tem sido acompanhado do aumento das denúncias de violência contra a mulher, tornando o problema mais visível à sociedade. Objetivo: o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de fazer uma revisão de literatura que aborda a prevalência de traumas maxilofaciais decorrentes de violência física contra mulheres e os fatores relacionados às lesões. Revisão de literatura: os estudos reportaram prevalências entre 24,4% e 81,0% de traumatismos maxilofaciais em mulheres causados por violência. A maioria aponta o marido ou o companheiro como principal agressor e o uso de força física como principal tipo de agressão. Mulheres com idades entre 20 e 39 anos, dependentes econômicas ou de baixa renda e com nível de escolaridade inferior são mais susceptíveis a apresentar traumatismo maxilofacial mais prevalente nos tecidos moles. As consequências mais relatadas entre as mulheres com traumatismos maxilofaciais por violência incluem problemas de autopercepção, de inter-relação social e de baixa autoestima. Considerações finais: conclui-se que a prevalência de traumatismos maxilofaciais por violência em mulheres é alta, estando relacionada à idade, à dependência econômica, ao grau de escolaridade, à ocupação e a problemas psico afetivos que podem também influenciar a dinâmica familiar.

Palavras-chave: Fatores de risco. Impacto psicossocial. Mulheres agredidas. Traumatismos maxilofaciais. Violência
Association between imaging and clinical findings in mandibular third molar surgeries
Authors: Sampieri Marcelo Bonifácio da Silva , Correa Danilo Da Silva , Viana Francisca Lívia Parente , Imada Thaís Sumie Nozu , Filho Josfran Da Silva Ferreira , Sant'Anna Eduardo
Published: August 2018

Objective: it is important to evaluate the position andestablish the third molar relationship with the mandibularcanal to minimize the risk of nerve injury and assistin planning the extraction of this tooth. The panoramicradiograph is the standard diagnostic tool for this purpose.However, if it indicates a close relationship betweenthe third molar and the mandibular canal, furtherinvestigation using cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) may be recommended to check the three-dimensionalrelationship between the tooth and the mandibularcanal. Thus, this study aimed to correlate the clinicalfindings (observed in third molar surgeries) to imagingfindings (observed in panoramic radiographs andCBCT). Subjects and method: after the extraction of 20mandibular third molars, the panoramic radiograph andthe cone beam computed tomography were analyzed.Then, the surgical findings were correlated to the imagefindings. Results: It was observed that the radiographicfinding type 2 (darkening of roots) observed in the panoramicradiograph presented a greater relation to theabsence of cortical bone between the mandibular canaland the third molar (CBCT finding), with statistical significance(p
Validation of cone beam computed tomography as a clinical imaging method for dentin thickness measurement in the danger zone of mandibular molars
Authors: Corrêa Fernanda Gomez , Flores Claudia Bohrer , Marquezan Flávia Kolling , Liedke Gabriela Salatino , Dotto Gustavo Nogara , Schmitz Marcia Da Silva
Published: August 2018

Objective: to verify the accuracy of cone beam computedtomography (CBCT) for measuring dentin thicknessin the danger zone of mandibular molars in order to validatethis method to be used as a clinical auxiliary. Materialsand method: dentin thickness of the distal wall ofmesial canals was measured at 2 mm of furcation areain ten mandibular molars before and after preparation ofcervical and middle thirds. CBCT (0.25 mm voxel size)and stereomicroscopy images were acquired twice foreach sample. CBCT axial images and stereomicroscopeimages were evaluated by a calibrated examiner. Statisticalanalysis was performed using Mann-Whitney testin order to investigate whether CBCT images providedtrusted values. Results: mean values of initial (1.23 versus1.24 mm) and final measurements (0.88 versus 0.87mm) obtained with, respectively, CBCT and stereomicroscopemethods did not show statistical differences(P > 0.5). Conclusion: CBCT images provide high accuracyfor measuring dentin thickness in the danger zoneof mandibular molars.Keywords: Cone beam computed tomography. Endodontics.Root canal preparation.
Impact of temporomandibular disorders on oral health-related quality of life of institutionalized elderly people
Authors: Neto Victório Poletto , Lamas Gabriela Lamas , Mesko Mauro Elias , Mioso Fernanda Valentini , Corrêa Marcos Britto , Cenci Tatiana Pereira
Published: August 2018

Objective: to assess the characteristics associated withtemporomandibular disorders (TMD) and their impacton oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of institutionalizedelderly people. Subjects and method: itwas a cross-sectional study performed in 30 private institutionsfor the elderly. The data collected included theTMD questionnaire and clinical evaluation assessed bythe Research Diagnostic Criteria/TemporomandibularDisorders (RDC/TMD), as well as the OHIP-49 questionnairefor OHRQoL. Results: twenty-four institutionsaccepted to participate in the study (n = 375 with 133fit for answering both questionnaires). Considering thecharacteristics, tinnitus was the most frequent symptomreported, while 98.5% of the research participants didnot present myofascial pain. Disc displacement wasobserved in 26.3%, while 93% of individuals did notpresent chronic pain. Severe depression was found in23.3% of the elderly with 24.1% presenting moderatelevels of non-specific physical symptoms, includingpain. Poisson regression analysis showed that the characteristicsreported were associated with a negativeimpact on OHRQoL. Conclusion: the domain-specificanalysis showed that all domains were affected negativelyby TMD characteristics and higher levels of depressionare associated with a negative impact on OHRQoL.

Keywords: Elderly people. Oral health-related qualityof life. Temporomandibular disorders. Facial pain. Depression.
Utilização do diário alimentar no diagnóstico do consumo de sacarose em odontopediatria: revisão de literatura
Authors: Ferreira Gabriel Caixeta , Mizael Vanessa Paulino , Araújo Tatiany Gabrielle Freire
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: o presente trabalho tem por objetivo a realização de uma revisão de literatura sobre a utilização do diário alimentar para diagnóstico do uso de sacarose para o controle da cárie. Revisão de literatura: a cárie dentária está intimamente relacionada à dieta alimentar, principalmente à ingestão de carboidratos. Uma dieta rica em sacarose, além de promover um descontrole no biofilme, descontrola as funções fisiológicas da saliva, a microbiota bacteriana, bem como a saúde bucal por completo. Os hábitos presentes na dieta infantil constituem um fator importante para a determinação da etiologia e o desenvolvimento da cárie dentária, por isso é fundamental a orientação quanto saúde bucal e, principalmente, ao consumo racional de açúcar. Considerações finais: diante disso, os cuidados com os elementos dentários e a prevenção da cárie devem iniciar desde a infância. Para este fim, são de suma importância, além de uma boa higiene oral, uma dieta adequada às crianças e mudanças de atitudes dos pais sobre a alimentação infantil.

Palavras-chave: Cárie dentária. Dieta. Sacarose.
Características morfológicas encontradas na cavidade oral de neonatos: revisão de literatura
Authors: Leite Dayane Franco Barros Mangueira , Vieira Carla Alves
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: revisar a literatura sobre as características morfológicas da cavidade oral de recém-nascidos. Revisão de literatura: as profissões da área de saúde estão cada vez mais voltadas para um acompanhamento precoce do indivíduo, iniciando-se antes mesmo do nascimento ou nos primeiros dias de vida da criança. Sendo assim, recém-nascidos apresentam na cavidade oral características peculiares da sua fase de desenvolvimento que podem trazer dúvidas para os pais e/ou responsáveis. As principais variações da cavidade oral de recém-nascidos envolvem tecidos duros e tecidos moles. Considerando o posicionamento dos maxilares, as alterações mais comuns são: mordida aberta anterior, sobre mordida e mordida topo a topo. Em relação aos tecidos moles, o contorno dos lábios dos recém-nascidos se apresenta triangular e, com a amamentação constante, forma-se um aumento de volume na linha média do lábio superior. Considerações finais: além de ser necessário que os profissionais da área tenham conhecimento das características morfológicas da cavidade oral dos recém-nascidos, também é imprescindível que estes saibam diagnosticar possíveis anormalidades e, quando houver necessidade, indicar tratamento adequado. Palavras-chave: Manifestações bucais. Odontopediatria. Recém-nascido.
Deglutição no envelhecimento e a odontologia
Authors: Rech Rafaela Soares , De Goulart Bárbara Niegia Garcia , Baumgarten Alexandre , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot
Published: August 2018

As alterações morfológicas e funcionais que atingem o sistema estomatognático podem ser agravadas por perdas de dentes e utilização de prótese dentária, que comprometem o ato mastigatório e a deglutição de idosos. Objetivo: assim, propõe-se a presente revisão de literatura, que tem como objetivo estreitar os conhecimentos que devem existir entre a Fonoaudiologia e a Odontologia, discorrendo sobre as evidências atuais e histórico-conceituais mais relevantes sobre deglutição que aproximam as duas especialidades, principalmente em indivíduos idosos. Revisão de literatura: foram incluídos no estudo 101 trabalhos, selecionados a partir das bases de dados Pub Med Central, Scientific Eletronic Library Online, Science Direct, SciELO, Periódico Capes e identificados até abril de 2018 em inglês, português e espanhol. Destaca-se entre os achados a crescente inserção da Odontologia na atuação da disfagia orofaríngea. A falta de cuidados coordenados na atenção ao idoso interfere no seu bem-estar geral e na sua qualidade de vida. Considerações finais: as evidências da literatura demonstram importante avanço na identificação, no diagnóstico e na reabilitação da disfagia orofaríngea, que, por meio da reabilitação bucal, demonstrou ser relevante na prevenção de alterações na deglutição.

Palavras-chave: Deglutição. Disfagia. Envelhecimento. Fonoaudiologia. Odontologia. Therapy. Swallowing.
Editorial
Authors: De Carli João Paulo
Published: August 2018

Editorial
Monseñor Romero: diálogo y conflicto
Authors: Grenni Héctor
Published: August 2018

Monseñor Romero vivió en una época muy convulsionada, donde los conflictos se exacerbaron y buscaron la violencia como solución a las diferencias. La constante búsqueda del diálogo como forma de afrontar estos conflictos convirtió a Romero en un interlocutor frecuente de los sucesos de su tiempo. En este escrito se presenta la forma como Romero afrontó estos conflictos en los que el contexto que le tocó vivir lo envolvió.Teoría y Praxis Año 9, No. 18, Febrero de 2011, pp.25-50
Planejamento orçamentário e políticas públicas: explorando uma alternativa de reconciliação pela indução
Authors: Lírio do Valle Vanice
Published: August 2018

Cláusulas constitucionais exigem que planejamento e provisão orçamentária precedam as escolhas públicas. Apesar disso, políticas públicas no Brasil são raramente traduzidas de maneira adequada no orçamento, determinando descontinuidade e ineficiência. Este texto propõe o uso de técnicas indutivas, ao invés da coerção, como ferramenta para reconciliar planejamento e orçamento na Administração Pública. Como ferramenta indutiva, o texto apresenta a deferência às escolhas precedidas de planejamento e orçamento. A deferência é traduzida numa prática com três estágios, a ser implementada pelos controladores: 1) conhecer as escolhas públicas, seus componentes e relações matriciais; 2) verificação de que a ação está se desenvolvendo de acordo com o planejado; e 3) crítica direcionada especificamente aos dados e argumentos de justificação da Administração. Adequação das escolhas públicas, identificada pela aplicação do critério da deferência, pode incentivar a adesão ao reclamo constitucional de políticas públicas suportadas por planejamento e orçamento.
Editorial - A Revista de Investigações Constitucionais é indexada na base de dados Scopus
Authors: Hachem Daniel Wunder
Published: August 2018

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Prostate cancer metastatic to the planum sphenoidale presenting as sequential bilateral vision loss
Authors: Yohannan Binoy , Feldman Mark
Published: August 2018

Metastasis to the anterior cranial fossa from solid tumors is very unusual. We describe a 72-year-old male with history of locally advanced prostate cancer who presented with sequential bilateral vision loss, initially misdiagnosed and mistreated as giant cell arteritis. Neuroimaging eventually revealed an extra-axial soft tissue mass in the planum sphenoidale exerting a pressure effect on the cisternal segments of the optic nerves. He underwent surgical excision of the mass to try to improve his vision. Biopsy results confirmed high grade metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. He was started on high dose glucocorticoids and radiation therapy and his visual symptoms improved. Patients with metastatic prostate cancer can develop cranial nerve deficits secondary to metastatic involvement of the skull base. Early recognition and appropriate therapy is essential to prevent permanent neurological impairment.
Decomposition of straw resulting from different strategies of recovery of degraded pastures using an integrated crop-livestock system
Authors: Zagato Luana Quirino Souza Dayoub , Araujo Leandro Coelho de , Santos-Araujo Sabrina Novaes dos , Ludkiewicz Mariana Gaioto Ziolkowski , Silveira Júnior Otácilio , Santos Antonio Clementino dos
Published: August 2018

Several strategies have been used to improve soil fertility using integrated crop-livestock (ICL) systems, and the harvest of the accompanying crop used for silage may have several benefits to the soil depending on the quantity and quality of the remaining litter, providing dry matter (DM) for no-tillage systems and nutrient mineralization for the subsequent crop. The objective of this study is to evaluate the rate of decomposition of macro- and micronutrients of the DM of litter produced in ICL systems at different harvest heights in one year. The study was developed at the Experimental Farm of UNESP in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in the dry season. The study included five replications in plots of 200 m2 and was arranged in a completely randomized block design. The following treatments were analyzed: control sample-degraded pasture of signal grass; Marandu grass-pasture renewal from signal grass to Marandu grass; succession 45-planting of sorghum (forage sorghum cv. Volumax) and crop harvest at the height of 45 cm for silage followed by planting of Marandu grass; simultaneous seeding of Marandu grass and sorghum, and crop harvesting for silage at the height of 15 cm (Marandu + sorghum 15) and 45 cm (Marandu + sorghum 45) from the soil surface. After crop harvesting, proportional amounts of green mass remaining from each unit were collected, transferred to nylon bags, and placed in direct contact with the soil of the respective experimental unit. Each bag was opened every 30 days after closure for up to 270 days. In each bag, the DM, and macro- and micronutrients were analyzed, and the percentage of remaining material, daily decomposition rate, and half-life were calculated. The litter of the Marandu + sorghum 45 treatment contained the highest DM, decomposition rate, and nutrient content. The crop succession provided the best condition of the litter, with the highest DM on the soil surface, which improved soil conditions and made the soil less susceptible to degradation.
Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis of Humeral Shaft Fractures: Current State of the Art
Authors: Tetsworth Kevin , Hohmann Erik , Glatt Vaida
Published: August 2018

Most closed humeral shaft fractures can be successfully managed nonsurgically. However, fractures for which closed treatment is unsuccessful are stabilized using either plates or intramedullary nails. There are shortcomings associated with each technique, including the potential complications of nonunion, infection, shoulder pain, and radial nerve injury. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO), an innovative alternative treatment, is gaining in popularity. This technique is based on the anterior humeral shaft providing a relatively safe surface for plate application, and limited open exposures proximally and distally allow percutaneous insertion of the necessary implant. More than 40 articles have been published regarding MIPO, and it compares favorably to other available forms of treatment with excellent functional outcomes and a lower rate of iatrogenic radial nerve injury. Larger randomized controlled trials comparing this method with other accepted techniques, including nonsurgical management, are necessary to better define the role of MIPO in the management of humeral shaft fractures.
Reliability and Validity of the Second Edition of Self-Evaluated Soccer Performance Score
Authors: Kawada Takahiro , Takeuchi Hitomi , Nakade Miyo , Tsuji Fujiko , Tamai Akira , Mizuno Hiroyuki , Harada Tetsuo
Published: August 2018

This study aims, first, to make the second edition of the self-evaluation of soccer performance scores which was edited based on the first version of the soccer performance scores (Kawada et al., 2016), and second, to examine the reliability and validity of the second version. Each of 16 questions was evaluated by one professional soccer coach who had an university assistant professor with A-class license for soccer supervisor which was officially given by Union for European Football Association (UEFA), a university soccer team coach and a university soccer team general manager. This second edition which was newly evaluated was administered to 111 university soccer club players who included starting members in the first class (A) team in December 2015. One hundred and eight answers (97.8%) of 111 ones were used for the statistical analysis. After the validation analysis, this second edition can be estimated to be valuable for evaluating a valuable soccer performance scores.