bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viscoelasticity of PA/SBS/SBR Composite Modi-fied Asphalt and Asphalt Mixtures under Pressure Aging Conditions
Authors: Yu Zongjie , Ling Xinpeng , Fan Ze , Zhou Yueming , Ma Zhu
Published: February 2025

The viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixtures is a crucial consideration in the analysis of pavement mechanical responses and structural design. This study aims to elucidate the molecular structure and component evolution trends of PPA/SBS/SBR composite modified asphalt (CMA) under Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT) and pressure aging (PAV) conditions, as well as to analyze the viscoelastic evolution of CMA mixtures. First, accelerated aging was conducted in the laboratory through RTFOT, along with PAV tests for 20 hours and 40 hours. Next, the microscopic characteristics of the binder at different aging stages were explored using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) tests. Additionally, fundamental rheological properties and temperature sweep tests were performed to reveal the viscoelastic evolution characteristics of CMA. Ultimately, the viscoelastic properties of CMA mixtures under dynamic loading at different aging stages were clarified. The results indicate that the incorporation of SBS and SBR increases the levels of carbonyl and sulfoxide factors while decreasing the level of long-chain factors, which slows down the rate of change of large molecule content and reduces the rate of change of LMS by over 6%, with the rate of change of overall molecular weight distribution narrowing to below 50%. The simultaneous incorporation of SBS and SBR into CMA mixtures enhances the dynamic modulus in the 25Hz and -10 ℃ range by 24.3%(AC-13), 15.4%(AC-16), and reduces the φ by 55.8%(AC-13), 40%(AC-16). This research provides a reference for the application of CMA mixtures in the repair of pavement pothole damage.
Car-γδ T Cells Targeting Claudin18.2 Show Superior Cytotoxicity Against Solid Tumor Compared to Traditional Car-αβ T Cells
Authors: Zhao Yueqi , Li Yinghui , Wang Shuaiqi , Han Jingyi , Lu Mingyang , Xu Yupeng , Qiao Wenhua , Cai Menghua , Xu Yi , Hu Yu , Chen Hui , Zhang Jianmin , He Wei
Published: February 2025

Background: Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) is highly expressed during the development of various malignant tumors, especially gastric cancer, and CAR-T cell targeting CLDN18.2 have therapeutic potential. However, their dependence on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) for antigen recognition limits their application. Human Gamma Delta (γδ) T cells, with strong MHC-independent cytotoxicity to most solid tumors both in vivo and in vitro, are emerging as ideal cells for the generation of robust universal CLDN18.2 CAR-T cell to treat solid tumors. Our aim was to construct a universal CAR-γδ T cell targeting CLDN18.2. Methods: We constructed novel CAR-CLDN18.2-γδ T cell by lentiviral infection and compared their superior efficacy in the treatment of CLDN18.2-positive solid tumors in vivo and in vitro. Results: CD3ζ expression was verified in HEK293T cells after lentiviral transfection of CLDN18.2 CAR, and the lentivirus was packaged and concentrated to a titer of 4.90*108 TU/mL. Primary γδ T cells and αβ T cells were infected with efficiencies of approximately 31.76±4.122% and 44.13±4.436%, respectively. CAR-CLDN18.2-γδ T cells exhibited specific cytotoxicity against CLDN18.2-positive gastric cancer cells and secreted relatively high levels of Granzyme-B, Perforin-1 and IFN-γ. CAR-γδ T cells also showed superior cytotoxicity to target cells compared to classical CAR-αβ T cell in vitro. Finally, the antitumor activity of γδ T-CAR-CLDN18.2 cells were evaluated in tumor-bearing NSG mice, and CAR-CLDN18.2-γδ T cells significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival of the mice. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that universal CAR-CLDN18.2-γδ T cell is promising for the treatment of CLDN18.2-positive solid tumor and provide insights for the development of more universal CAR-γδ T-cell strategies for tumor immunotherapy.
Scalar Field Static Spherically Symmetric Solutions in Teleparallel F(t) Gravity
Authors: Landry Alexandre
Published: February 2025

We investigate in this paper the static radial coordinate dependent spherically symmetric spacetime in teleparallel F(T) gravity for a scalar field source. We begin by setting the static field equations (FEs) to be solved and solve the conservation laws for scalar field potential solutions. We simplify the FEs and then find a general formula for computing the new teleparallel F(T) solutions applicable for any scalar field potential V(T) and coframe ansatz. We compute new non-trivial teleparallel F(T) solutions by using a power-law coframe ansatz for each scalar potential case arising from the conservation laws. We apply this formula to find new exact teleparallel F(T) solutions for several cases of coframe ansatz parameter. The new F(T) solution classes may be relevant for various astrophysical applications inside any dark energy (DE) source described by a fundamental scalar field such as quintessence, phantom energy or quintom system to name only those types.
Pathophysiological Links Between Myocardial Infarction and Anxiety Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia
Authors: Ong Leong Tung , Sia Ching-Hui
Published: February 2025

There is increasing evidence demonstrating that psychiatric conditions elevate the risk of developing accelerated atherosclerosis and early-onset cardiovascular disease (CVD) including myocardial infarction (MI). Several mechanisms contribute to this observation. Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system and hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in these patients contribute to the development of (MI). Additionally, patients with underlying psychiatric disorders often have abnormal levels of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can lead to early vascular damage and subsequent atherosclerosis. Elevated PAI-1 levels, reduced tPA activity, and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), influenced by coagulation and inflammation, may contribute to depression and its link to MI. Oxidative stress, marked by increased reactive species and impaired antioxidant defenses, is associated with cellular damage and has been consistently implicated in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, potentially contributing to myocardial infarction. Finally, molecular genetic studies have indicated that psychiatric disorders and myocardial infarction may share potential pleiotropic genes. The interplay between psychiatric conditions and myocardial infarction underscores the importance of integrated care approaches to manage both mental and physical health.
Outbreak of Carbapenem Resistant High-Risk Clone ST244 Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Dogs and Cats in Algeria
Authors: Badis Amina , Heleili Nouzha , Merradi Manel , Ayachi Ammar , Martino Piera Anna , Meroni Gabriele , Soggiu Alessio
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes chronic infections in humans and animals, especially cats and dogs. This bacterium's ability to adapt and acquire antibiotic resistance traits may complicate and exacerbate antibacterial therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance patterns, virulence factors and ability to form biofilm of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from Algerian dogs and cats. Methods: Nineteen samples were collected from healthy and diseased dogs and cats. Isolates were studied for their antibiotic resistance patterns (disc diffusion method), biofilm formation (Microtiter assay) and were Whole genome sequenced (MinION). Results: Nineteen P. aeruginosa strains (15 from dogs and 4 from cats) were isolated. Antibiotic resistance phenotypes were observed against amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (100%), meanwhile resistance towards ticarcillin was 40% (dogs) and 25% (cats), ticarcillin-clavulanic acid was 13.33% and 25% for dogs and cats respectively and imipenem was 75% (cats) and 20% (dogs). 95% of strains were biofilm producers. Different antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were found: beta-lactamase genes mainly PAO, OXA-494, OXA-50 and OXA-396, aminoglycosides gene (aph(3’)-IIb), fosA for fosfomycin and catB7 for phenicol. The main high risk STs were ST244, 2788, 388 and 1247. A large panel of virulence genes was detected: exoS, exoT, exoY, lasA, toxA, prpL, algD, rhIA and others. Conclusions: The genetic variety in antibiotic resistance genes of resistant and virulent P. aeruginosa strains in dogs makes public health protection difficult. Continuous monitoring and research in compliance with the One Health policy are needed to solve this problem.
MYOSLID: A Critical Modulator of Cancer Hallmarks
Authors: Medhi Kanupriya , Mukherjee Sagarika , Dagar Aastha , Tiwari Ashutosh Kumar , Daffara Sia , Bana Sanjana , Uttam Vivek , Ansari Md Rizwan , Yadav Vikas , Tulli Hardeep Singh , Jain Aklank
Published: February 2025

Despite being the leading cause of death worldwide, cancer still lacks precise biomarkers for effective targeting, limiting efforts to reduce mortality rates. This review explores the role and clinical significance of the newly identified long non-coding RNA, MYOSLID, in cancer progression. MYOSLID has emerged as a critical modulator in cancer progression by influencing key hallmarks such as proliferation, immune evasion, metastasis, and metabolic reprogramming. It promotes tumor cell growth by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sequester tumor-suppressive microRNAs like miR-29c-3p, thereby enhancing oncogene expression. It facilitates immune evasion by upregulating PD-L1, suppressing T-cell activation, and modulating necroptosis pathways involving RIPK1 and RIPK3. Additionally, MYOSLID drives metastasis by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers such as LAMB3 and Slug while promoting RAB13-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling and enhancing cancer cell invasion. High MYOSLID expression is associated with poor prognosis in cancers such as colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Given its significant potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target, further research is required to elucidate its precise molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications in cancer treatment.
The Contribution of Human Antimicrobial Peptides to Fungi
Authors: Zhang Qiaoxi , Cai Jiewen , Wang Xiaoyue , Xi Liyan , Lu Sha
Published: February 2025

Various species of fungi can be detected in the environment and within the human body, many of which may become pathogenic under specific conditions, leading to various forms of fungal infections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are evolutionarily ancient components of the immune response that are quickly induced in response to infections with many pathogens in almost all tissues. There is a wide range of AMP classes in humans, many of which exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of action of AMPs, their distribution in the human body, and their antifungal activity against a range of both common and rare clinical fungal pathogens. It also discusses the current research status of promising novel antifungal strategies, highlighting the challenges that must be overcome in the development of these therapies. The hope is that antimicrobial peptides, as a class of antimicrobial agents, will soon progress through large-scale clinical trials and be implemented in clinical practice, offering new treatment options for patients suffering from infections.
Design, Fabrication, and Performance Study of Solar Thermoelectric Generator
Authors: Abdi Zakaria Abdirachid , Barrie Mohamed Juldeh , Mohammad Abdulrahman Atiku , Omar Abdirahman Muse , Karim Md Rezwanul
Published: February 2025

This project presents the design, fabrication, and performance study of a solar thermoelectric generator. Solar energy is considered one of the most effective types and sources of renewable energy. Among the available options, solar energy has predominantly been harnessed through the use of solar PV panels. However, solar PV panels are quite expensive, an alternative system is designed to utilize solar energy through thermoelectric generators. This new design is a cheaper system because it replaces solar PV panels with thermoelectric generators that can absorb heat and convert it directly into electricity through a concept known as the Seebeck effect. The Seebeck effect is based on the temperature difference between two sides. By heating the hot side of a thermoelectric material, electrons migrate from the hot side to the cooler side, thereby generating an electrical current. Since the Seebeck effect depends on higher temperature differences for more efficiency, a cooling system positioned below which will cool the cold side of the STEG, while the sun above will heat the hot side, creating a higher temperature difference and improved efficiency. This system focuses on a two-stage thermoelectric generator comprised of two modules: a lower-temperature generator and a medium-temperature generator. In accordance with the optimal operating temperature of thermoelectric materials, the medium-temperature generator is positioned on the hot side, while the lower-temperature generator is situated on the cold side. Ultimately, the performance of the two-stage STEG is assessed across various operational conditions. The primary advantage of employing a two-stage STEG is that the heat-to-electricity conversion process occurs twice as the heat passes through the two-stage STEG, resulting in higher efficiency compared to a single-stage thermoelectric generator.
Combined Use of Olfactory Mucosal Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome and Neural Guide Conduits Promotes Nerve Regeneration in an Ovine Model
Authors: Alvites Rui , Lopes Bruna , Coelho André , Sousa Ana Catarina , Sousa Patrícia , Moreira Alícia , Rêma Alexandra , Simões Maria João , Mendonça Carla , Atayde Luís , Prada Justina , Pires Isabel , Silva Bruna , João Filipa , Metafune Miriam , Bertone Francesca , Raimondo Stefania , Luís Ana Lúcia , Alves Nuno , Maurício Ana Colette
Published: February 2025

Peripheral nerve injuries remain a significant clinical challenge, particularly in severe neurotmesis injuries requiring complex therapeutic interventions to restore functionality. This study evaluated the pro-regenerative potential of combining neural guide conduits with secretome from olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells, compared to gold-standard surgical techniques, in a validated ovine model of common peroneal nerve injury. Recovery was assessed over 24 weeks using functional, kinematic, ultrasonographic, and electrophysiological evaluations, complemented by post-mortem nerve stereology and muscle histomorphometry. All therapeutic approaches promoted nerve and muscle regeneration, resulting in notable functional and structural improvements. However, irregularities were observed, as neural guide conduits and secretome did not consistently outperform standard techniques. Additionally, recovery often fell short of normal values in the control group, highlighting the complexity of peripheral nerve regeneration in challenging surgical scenarios. These findings underscore the translational potential of biomaterials and cell secretome-based therapies while emphasizing the need for further research in complex animal models before its application in real clinical cases. Such studies are essential to refine therapeutic strategies, address observed irregularities and establish cell secretome as a viable tool in peripheral nerve regeneration and repair.
Mental Health and Suicide Research with Migrants and Refugees: Necessary Knowledge, Skills and Engagement Strategies
Authors: Minas Harry , Diocera Dominic , Colucci Erminia
Published: February 2025

(1) Background: Research is fundamentally important in developing evidence-informed and effective policies and appropriate programs and services to reduce the burden of mental health problems, and prevent suicide, among migrants and refugees. However, this population continues to be under-represented in mental health and suicide research, resulting in large evidence gaps that limit policy making, service design and delivery, as well as evaluation of outcomes; (2) Methods: Experts in mental health and suicide prevention research with migrants and refugees provided free-text responses to a survey that asked about the knowledge and skills required for effectively conducting mental health and suicide prevention research with migrants and refugees, and effective strategies for engaging migrant and refugee communities in such research. An adapted thematic analysis method was used to analyze the free-text responses to the six questions; (3) Results: The study identified specific areas of knowledge and skills required for effective mental health and suicide research with migrants and refugees; methodological and ethical challenges that may arise in such research; and strategies that are likely to be effective in engaging people with lived experience and migrant and refugee communities in such research; (4) Conclusions: The findings from this project can be used to inform researchers on how to ethically and effectively undertake mental health and suicide research with migrant and refugee populations.
A Higher Education Context Management: The Foundations and Hyper-Document Meta-Model
Authors: Perisic Ana , Perisic Ines , Lazic Marko , Perisic Branko
Published: February 2025

Digital transformation in higher education represents a challenging endeavor due to a higher diversity of education domains significantly affected by geopolitical, economic, socio-technology, and cultural context influencers. The contemporary research ecosystem lacks the meta-model-based approaches to education context management on arbitrary granularity levels. This research fills that gap by proposing a novel, meta-object-facility-inspired, and meta-model-driven approach to higher education context management. Throughout the justification of five stated hypotheses, this research introduces the essential profiles, related meta-models, and individual meta-concepts integrated over the proposed hyper-document. The universal, generic, and domain-specific meta-concepts, refined over the concrete external and internal contexts, transform the proposed hyper-document to an arbitrary higher education context management specialization.
Advancements in Corpus Analysis Tools: A Comprehensive Guide for Linguistic Research and Novice Users
Authors: Jabeen Maryyam , Rashid Rabia
Published: February 2025

Corpus analysis has become an essential methodology in linguistic research, providing critical insights into language use across large datasets. The development of various corpus analysis tools has greatly facilitated the exploration of textual data, allowing researchers to conduct sophisticated analyses of linguistic patterns and structures. This report offers a comprehensive overview of the most commonly used corpus analysis tools available today, with a focus on their functionality, applications, and suitability for beginner researchers. Additionally, this report discusses how these tools can provide crucial support to novice linguists in their corpus-based investigations, relieving them of the burden of complex tasks and offering user-friendly features. By introducing these tools and outlining their core capabilities, this report serves as a guide for those new to corpus analysis, providing reassurance and guidance, while also providing a foundation for further research and advanced linguistic exploration.
Approach to Climate Change Sustainability Project, for Our Common Future
Authors: Kempton Robert Castle
Published: February 2025

‘Sustainable development must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’ . A ‘Global Environmental Structure Plan Model’ is urgently required, to combat ‘climate change’ and other serious anthropological effects, which cause serious harm to the Environment. New International Laws must lead this approach to tackle climate change. Man’s present ever evolving legal systems comprise a mix of multiple cultures, embracing religious extremes, and results from an erroneous patchwork of divisive boundaries that denotes fragmented environmental legislature. Present uncertain Environmental Principles need to be addressed, as the foundation to a balanced set of Anthropogenic Principles for mankind. An expansive structured framework is necessary which must identify important limbs, to enable a co-ordinated ‘Global Structure Plan’, namely, Environment/ International Legislative regulatory powers/ Total Renewable Energy. The three branches to embrace ‘identified harm’ to water pollution including rivers, air pollution, plastic pollution, and Renewable Green Energy related matters. The incompleteness of the ‘Environmental Impact Analysis’ (EIA) procedures requires expansive measures to monitor, control and action all areas of Vulnerability. EIA must be supported by a structured Suite of Strategic EIA Handbooks, to embrace biodiversity and ecosystem, as an essential and important management services tool. Long term sustainability needs to be established through a new Global Organization, undertaken for peaceful purposes, based on 5 Continents and a single anthropogenic culture. for the protection, care and maintenance of our planet earth.
The History of Cost Accounting in Healthcare Organisations
Authors: Marques Paula , Teixeira Faria Pereira de Oliveira Paulo Alexandre
Published: February 2025

Cost accounting is essential for healthcare providers in order to adequately document, measure and evaluate costs of services within different activities. This role has a long history, from rudimentary resource management in the medieval religious hospitals through to modern and increasingly sophisticated methodologies attempting to meet the demands of contemporary health care (Carroll & Lord 2016; Finkler 1994). This paper reviews the history of healthcare cost accounting and key innovations that have influenced modern practices.In the Middle Ages cost accounting was more about controlling necessities like food and medicine in religious establishments (Carroll & Lord, 2016). The emergence of public and private hospitals in the 18th and 19th century lead to more sophisticated methods for assuring transparency, as well as efficiency in administrative processes (Malmmose & Lydersen). The Industrial Revolution and the advent of modern medicine in the early 20th century added layers to healthcare, so hospitals adopted cost centres from manufacturing as well at Taylorism principles (Finkler & Ward,1999).During the late 20th century, methodologies like absorption costing and Activity-Based Costing (ABC) helped to narrow down costs in tracking of particular operations (Kaplan & Porter,2011). The Balanced Scorecard (BSC), introduced in the 1990s by Kaplan and Norton, is credited with integrating financial and non-financial metrics into strategic evaluations within healthcare. Information technology (IT) and artificial intelligence (AI), progressing in the 21st century, allow this model to use [real time] data with improved accuracy of cost analytics and resource optimization (Kulkarni et al., 2019; Lan et al.,2022).They improved decision-making in the healthcare sector, assisting service providers slash costs and enhance quality amidst escalating complexity. This is an area that will warrant further exploration in subsequent research given AI's ability to increase savings, as well as safeguard data and make it easier for new technologies to be implemented within health care organizations.
Thick Filament Based Regulation and the Determinants of Force Generation
Authors: Jani Vivek P. , Ma Weikang
Published: February 2025

Muscle regulation requires both the newly discovered thick filament as well as classical thin filament regulation mechanisms. Thick filament-based regulation mechanisms are generally conceived as processes modulating the number of myosin heads capable of force generation. It has been generally assumed that the biochemical and structural states of myosin, usually correlated with each other, is the basis of this recruitment, and work jointly to regulate contractile force. This notion has been challenged recently by studies showed that the biochemical and structural states of myosin can be decoupled. Here we studied the steady state and dynamic mechanical changes in skinned porcine myocardium with and without OM or piperine to help decipher the basis of thick filament regulation and how either affects contractile force. Our study supports the notion that thick filament activation is primarily a process of myosin recruitment and that it is not necessarily coupled with chemo-cycling of crossbridges. Perturbations that result in myosin head recruitment from the thick filaments do not necessarily increase contractile force and vice versa. These new insights into thick filament activation mechanisms will be of great relevance to better designing sarcomere therapies aimed at reversing them for treatment of myopathies.
Molecular Biomarkers in Neurological Diseases: Advances in Diagnosis and Prognosis
Authors: Myrou Athena , Barmpagiannos Konstantinos , Ioakimidou Aliki , Savopoulos Christos
Published: February 2025

Background: Neurological diseases contribute significantly to disability and mortality, necessitating improved diagnostic and prognostic tools. Advances in molecular biomarkers at genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic, and proteomic levels have facilitated early disease detection. Notably, neurofilament light chain (NfL) serves as a key biomarker of neurodegeneration, while liquid biopsy techniques enable non-invasive monitoring through exosomal tau, α-synuclein, and inflammatory markers. Artificial intelligence (AI) and multi-omics integration further enhance biomarker discovery, promoting precision medicine. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies (2010–2024) on molecular biomarkers in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders. Key findings on genomic mutations, transcriptomic signatures, epigenetic modifications, and protein-based biomarkers were analyzed. Results: Findings highlight the potential of liquid biopsy and multi-omics approaches in improving diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic stratification. Genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic markers demonstrate utility in early detection and disease monitoring. AI-driven analysis enhances biomarker discovery and clinical application. Conclusion: Despite advancements, challenges remain in biomarker validation, standardization, and clinical implementation. Large-scale longitudinal studies are essential to ensure reliability. AI-powered multi-omics analysis may accelerate biomarker application, ultimately improving patient outcomes in neurological diseases.
The Human Disharmony Loop: The Unique Role of the Pectoralis Minor in a Unifying Syndrome of Chronic Pain, Neuropathy, and Weakness
Authors: Sharma Ketan , Friedman James
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Many patients evaluated by shoulder specialists suffer from intractable pain, neuropathy, and weakness. The pectoralis minor (PM) remains the only scapula muscle to receive lower trunk (C8-T1) input. We propose a novel, unifying musculoskeletal and neurologic syndrome: the Human Disharmony Loop. This model portrays how this unique PM innervation causes scapular dyskinesia which deranges the anatomy of the upper limb girdle and produces a refractory symptom complex of pain, neuropathy, and weakness. Methods: Ten patients of diverse etiologies presented with a similar constellation of complaints. Patients included: female athlete, female with macromastia, male bodybuilder, post-radiation breast cancer, postoperative shoulder arthroplasty, interscalene block injury, cervical spine disease, persistent impingement after rotator cuff repair, direct traction injury, and occupational disorder. All patients exhibited coracoid tenderness, scapula protraction with internal rotation and anterior tilt, and pain involving the neck, shoulder, and upper back. Patients demonstrated varying degrees of arm neuropathy, subacromial impingement, occipital headaches. Patients failed all prior treatments by multiple subspecialists including surgery. Each patient underwent isolated open PM tenotomy. Results: PM tenotomy completely resolved presenting signs and symptoms in all patients. This included elimination of shoulder, upper back, and neck pain, clearance of concomitant neuropathy, resolution of rotator cuff impingement, restoration of full motion, and eradication of headaches. Response to surgery was rapid, dramatic, and durable. Conclusions: The unique asymmetric neurologic innervation to the sole ventral stabilizer of the scapula, the pectoralis minor, predisposes the human shoulder to neurologic and musculoskeletal imbalance. This produces the Human Disharmony Loop: a clinical syndrome spanning the neck to the fingertips of chronic pain, neuropathy, and weakness. These challenging patients may benefit dramatically from isolated PM tenotomy.
Fisher Information and Electromagnetic Interacting Dirac Spinors
Authors: Yahalom Asher
Published: February 2025

In earlier works, it was demonstrated that Schr\"{o}dinger's equation, which includes interactions with electromagnetic fields, can be derived from a fluid dynamic Lagrangian framework. This approach treats the system as a charged potential flow interacting with an electromagnetic field. The emergence of quantum behavior was attributed to the inclusion of Fisher information terms in the classical Lagrangian. This insight suggests that quantum mechanical systems are influenced not just by electromagnetic fields but also by information, which plays a fundamental role in driving quantum dynamics.
This methodology was extended to Pauli’s equations by relaxing the constraint of potential flow and employing the Clebsch formalism. While this approach yielded significant insights, certain terms remained unexplained. Some of these unresolved terms appear to be directly related to aspects of relativistic Dirac theory. In a recent work, the analysis was revisited within the context of relativistic flows, introducing a novel perspective for deriving relativistic quantum theory but neglecting the interaction with electromagnetic fields for simplicity. This is rectified in the current work showing the implications of the field in the current context.
Implantable Artificial Liver: A Brief Review
Authors: Maldonado Jorge
Published: February 2025

The implantable artificial liver represents a groundbreaking advancement in biomedical engineering, offering a potential lifesaving solution for patients with end-stage liver disease. By integrating bioreactor technology with tissue engineering, these devices aim to replicate key hepatic functions, including detoxification, metabolism, and protein synthesis. Recent developments in biomaterials, microfluidics, and cellular scaffolding have improved biocompatibility and functionality, bringing the concept closer to clinical application. Challenges remain in optimizing long-term stability, immune response management, and efficient vascular integration to ensure sustained performance. As research progresses, the implantable artificial liver has the potential to revolutionize liver transplantation and bridge the gap for patients awaiting donor organs.
Epigenetic Regulation of Chromatin Functions by microRNAs and Long Noncoding RNAs and Implications in Human Diseases
Authors: Costa Salvatore , La Rocca Gaspare , Cavalieri Vincenzo
Published: February 2025

The bulk of RNA produced from the genome of complex organisms consists of a very large number of transcripts lacking protein translational potential and collectively known as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Initially thought to be mere products of spurious transcriptional noise, ncRNAs are now universally recognized as pivotal players in cell regulatory networks across a broad spectrum of biological processes. Owing to their critical regulatory roles, ncRNA dysfunction is closely associated with the etiopathogenesis of various human malignancies, including cancer. As such, ncRNAs represent valuable diagnostic biomarkers as well as potential targets for innovative therapeutic intervention. In this Review, we focus on microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), the two most extensively studied classes in the field of ncRNA biology. After outlining key concepts of miRNA and lncRNA biogenesis pathways, we examine their multiple roles in mediating epigenetic regulation of gene expression and chromatin organization. Finally, by providing numerous examples of specific miRNAs and lncRNAs, we discuss how dysregulation of these mechanisms contributes to the onset and/or progression of various human diseases.
A Patrol Route Design for Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit Satellites in Space Traffic Management
Authors: Chen Ning , Zhang Zhanyue , Feng Songjiang , Xue Wu , Jia Boya
Published: February 2025

Conducting survey and timely obtain of satellite status, especially for high-value GEO targets, is of great significance for Space Traffic Management. This article proposes an approach for patrolling Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO) targets based on crossing points and spiral rings, which including six steps: (1) calculate the crossing position and crossing time of the IGSO targets; (2) design the spiral trajectory that satisfies desired patrol time; (3) divide IGSO targets into regions based on dichotomy approach; (4) calculate the bidirectional longitude drift rate within each region; (5) determine the starting position of patrol for each region; (6) determine the transfer trajectory for each region. On this basis, the proposed approach is analyzed and validated in detail. The results showed that the patrol orbit can effectively achieve patrol all of IGSO targets, with a period of no more than 40 days and an energy consumption of no more than 0.04km/s. And, the total energy consumption of a single patrol cycle in all regions shall not exceed 0.4km/s.
Rubicon, a Key Molecule for Oxidative Stress-Mediated DNA Damage, in Ovarian Granulosa Cells
Authors: Nakashima Akitoshi , Yamada Kiyotaka , Ito Masami , Nunomura Haruka , Nishigori Takashi , Furuta Atsushi , Yoshida Mihoko , Yamaki Akemi , Nakamura Tomoko , Iwase Akira , Shima Tomoko
Published: February 2025

Aging increases oxidative stress (OS) in the ovaries, leading to infertility-related dis-orders. Granulosa cells (GCs), which support folliculogenesis in the ovaries, are chron-ically exposed to excessive OS under pathological conditions. Here, we demonstrate the significant role of Rubicon, an autophagy suppressor, as a DNA damage mediator in GCs under OS. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decreased cell viability in the human GC cell line, HGrC1, due to DNA damage, without affecting autophagic activity. However, activation of autophagy increased OS resistance in HGrC1 cells, and vice versa. Among several materials that are considered safer for clinical use, trehalose, a disaccharide, exerted a protective effect as an autophagy activator against H2O2-induced cytotoxici-ty. Trehalose significantly increased autophagic activity, accompanied by a reduction in Rubicon, compared to other carbohydrates. It also reduced the expression of DNA damage-responsive proteins and the production of reactive oxygen species. The reduc-tion in Rubicon expression by siRNA mitigated DNA damage caused by OS, while overexpression of Rubicon enhanced DNA damage and decreased HGrC1 cell viability. Trehalose enhanced OS resistance by activating autophagy and suppressing Rubicon in a bidirectional manner. As Rubicon expression increases in aged human ovaries, tre-halose may improve ovarian function in patients with infertility and other OS-related diseases.
A Process Study on 3D Printing of Polymethyl Methacrylate Microfluidic Chips for Chemical Engineering
Authors: Hu Zengliang , Li Minghai , Jia Xiaohui
Published: February 2025

Microfluidic technology is an emerging interdisciplinary field that use micropipes to handle or manipulate tiny fluids in chemistry, fluid physics, microelectronics, new materials and biomedical engineering. As one of the rapid prototyping methods, three-dimensional (3D) printing technique with rapid and cost-effective and integrated molding characteristics has became one of the important manufacturing technologies of microfluidic chip. Polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA), as an exceptional thermoplastic material, has found widespread application in the field of microfluidics. This paper presented a comprehensive process research on the fabrication of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing PMMA microfluidic chips (chips), encompassing finite element numerical analysis studies, orthogonal process parameter optimization experiments, and the application of 3D printing integrated microfluidic reactors in the reaction between copper ions and ammonia water. In the work, the thermal stress finite element model shown the printing platform temperature was a significant printing parameters to prevent warping and delamination in the 3D printing process. And a single printing molding technique was employed to fabricate microfluidic chips with square cross-sectional dimensions reduced to 200 μm, and the microchannels exhibited no clogging or leakage. The orthogonal experiment method of 3D printing PMMA microchannels was carried out, and the optimized printing parameters resulted in a reduction of the microchannel profile to Ra 1.077μm. Finally, a set of chemical reaction experiments of copper ions and ammonia water were performed in a 3D printed microreactor. And color datum graph of copper hydroxide were obtained. This works provided a cheap and high-quality research method for the future research in water quality detection and chemical engineering.
The Overall Quality Changes of Chinese Sauced Ducks at Different Stages during Processing and Storage
Authors: Yao Kaiyong , Cai Jie , Pan Daodong , Chen Bindan , Fan Jinghui , Ren Daxi , Xiao Yingping
Published: February 2025

This study revealed the physicochemical, microbial, flavor and sensory changes in sauced duck from the marinating phase to the end of storage, divided into six stages (stages A-F). The changes in color, total plate count, total volatile basic nitrogen, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance at different stages were clarified. We utilized 16S rRNA gene sequencing, GC-IMS, and GC-MS to explore the changes in bacterial flora, fatty acid composition, and flavor characters. The dominant bacteria identified in stages A-C included Psychrobacter, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas, while Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus dominated during stages D-F. Aldehydes, esters, alcohols, and ketones emerged as the main flavor compounds. Several unsaturated fatty acids significantly (P< 0.05) decreased from stage A to stage F. The sensory quality of sauced duck improved. The potential reactions and correlation analysis of sauced duck samples across different stages were performed. 3-Methy-1-butanol could be a crucial indicator of sauced duck’s overall quality. This research could support reference for the treatment optimization of sauced duck products.
Revetment Rock Armour Stability Under Depth-Limited Breaking Waves
Authors: Nielsen Alexander
Published: February 2025

This article presents a rock armour stability formula for coastal revetments under depth-limited breaking waves that defines requisite armour mass as a function of incident wave energy. Parameters include wave height, wave period, toe depth, revetment slope, specific gravity of armour and water, percentage damage and the number of waves. The formula has been calibrated empirically based on unpublished project, unpublished research and published research flume test data. It departs from existing approaches by using wave energy in lieu of wave height as the disturbing parameter, but adopts other parameters developed by previous researchers. Results are compared with established formulae and display better coherence with the flume data.
TLDDM: An Enhanced Tea Leaf Pest and Disease Detection Model Based on YOLOv8
Authors: Song Jun , Zhang Youcheng , Lin Shuo , Han Huijie , Yu Xinjian
Published: February 2025

The detection and identification of tea leaf diseases and pests play a crucial role in determining the yield and quality of tea. However, the high similarity between different tea leaf diseases and the difficulty of balancing model accuracy and complexity pose significant challenges during the detection process. This study proposes an enhanced Tea Leaf Disease Detection Model (TLDDM), an improved model based on YOLOv8 to tackle the challenges. Initially, the C2f-Faster-EMA module is employed to reduce the number of parameters and model complexity while enhancing image feature extraction capabilities. Furthermore, the Deformable Attention mechanism is integrated to improve the model's adaptability to spatial transformations and irregular data structures. Moreover, the slim neck structure is incorporated to reduce the model scale. Finally, a novel detection head structure, termed EfficientPHead, is proposed to maintain detection performance while improving computational efficiency and reducing parameters which leads to inference speed acceleration. Experimental results demonstrate that the TLDDM model achieves an AP of 98.0%, which demonstrates a significant performance enhancement compared to the SSD and Faster R-CNN algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed model is not only of great significance in improving the performance in accuracy, but also can provide remarkable advantages in real-time detection applications with an FPS (frames per second) of 58.0.
Hybrid Algorithm for VNF Hot Backup Migration in Follow-Me Mobile Edge Cloud
Authors: Wang Yibo , Liang Junbin
Published: February 2025

In Follow-Me Mobile Edge Cloud environments, VNF instances dynamically move in tandem with user mobility. For latency-sensitive applications, hot backups aim to reduce service downtimes during primary VNF instance failures. However, as the distance between VNF instances and their hot backups shifts due to user mobility, recovery latency can sometimes exceed user expectations, leading to certain backups being perceived as unavailable. To maintain VNF reliability, it becomes essential to either deploy additional hot backups closer to the VNF instances or migrate the deemed unavailable backups to proximity, reinstating their usability. How to effectively leverage both the VNF and its failed hot backups to ensure VNF reliability, meet users’ recovery latency demands, and minimize the overall cost of hot backup migration and redeployment is a challenging problem. This paper first formulates the problem as an integer linear programming problem and proves that the problem is NP-hard. Subsequently, we design an approximation algorithm for VNF backup deployment on edge servers. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that this hybrid approach effectively reduces the cost of VNF backup migration.
An Asymptotic Behavior Property of High-Order Nonlinear Dynamic Equations on Time Scales
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Ma Qinghua
Published: February 2025

In this work, by using one dynamic Gronwall-Bihari type integral inequality on time
scales, an interesting asymptotic behavior property of high-order nonlinear dynamic equations
on time scales was obtained, which also generalized two classical results belong to Mate
and Neval’s and Agarwal and Bohner’s respectively.
Protective Role of Physical Activity and Antioxidant Systems During Spermatogenesis
Authors: Antinozzi Cristina , Di Luigi Luigi , Sireno Laura , Caporossi Daniela , Dimauro Ivan , Sgrò Paolo
Published: February 2025

Oxidative stress represents a significant contributing factor to male infertility and sperm dysfunction. In this condition, an increase in ROS production exceeds the body's antioxidant defences, resulting in a decline in spermatozoa quality and fertilising capacity. Furthermore, excessive ROS production has been linked to the promotion of genomic damage, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, altered enzyme activity, and ultimately, irreversible alterations, cell death, and a decline in seminal parameters associated with male infertility. It is established that physical activity (PA), acting on inflammatory parameters and improving antioxidant defence, can alleviate the negative effects caused by free radicals, offering numerous health benefits and positively influencing sperm quality. The objective of this review is to highlight the mechanisms of ROS production, the physiological and pathophysiological roles of ROS in relation to the male reproductive system, and recent knowledge on the impact of some protocols of PA on these systems and the molecular mechanisms involved.
Analysis of Local Settlements Due to Operational EPB Tunnelling Driving Parameters: A Case Study of the Barcelona Metro Line 9 Tunnel
Authors: Yubero Maria Teresa , Bonet Enrique , Gens Antonio
Published: February 2025

Line 9 of the Barcelona Metro crosses beneath the Llobregat and Besòs Rivers, requiring tunneling through soft deltaic deposits of Holocene age. The excavation was carried out using Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs), a method commonly employed in urban envi-ronments to control ground movements and minimize settlements. This study analyzes the ground response to EPB tunneling, focusing on key factors such as TBM operational parameters (face pressure, shield pressure), grouting techniques, and the influence of shaft entry/exit points, hy-perbaric stops, tool wear, and the learning curve. Additionally, secondary influences, including variations in cover depth and the presence of lightly compacted made ground, were found to ex-acerbate ground movements. Field data collected during Section 1 of Line 9 provides a detailed assessment of settlement patterns and ground behavior. Results indicate that, while EPB TBMs gener-ally maintain ground stability with minimal settlement (with average volume losses below 0.5%), certain site-specific challenges, such as inconsistent grouting and shaft transitions, led to localized volume losses and settlement. This paper contributes to re-fining predictive models of ground-structure interaction in soft ground tunneling, offering insights to optimize future EPB operations in similar geological conditions, ensuring more effective control over ground movements and settlement mitigation.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stem Education and Skills: A Case Study Approach
Authors: Golegou Eirini , Peppas Kostas
Published: February 2025

The COVID19 pandemic has been the focus of scientific research since it first appeared. This article treats the pandemic as an everyday problem that required innovative solutions in a short period of time, and so a case study is carried out in this direction. As the focus of 21st century skills and STEM education is on problem solving, the contribution of both skills and STEM disciplines to the way out of the crisis is posited. Skills such as communication, cooperation, adaptability, leadership, critical thinking, etc. have each contributed in their own way to solving the problems that have arisen. On the other hand, STEM professionals have been working in the same direction, both in their individual fields and through an interdisciplinary approach, to gradually de-escalate the crisis. Challenges such as finding vaccines and drugs, caring for patients in a time of social isolation, reducing misinformation and reducing vaccine hesitancy were overcome by using appropriate 21st century skills and an interdisciplinary approach.