bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
mir-218 modulates ARF6 expression and inhibits pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma invasion
Authors: Rheinheimer Brenna A. , Heimark Ronald L
Published: October 2020

Background

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an extremely malignant disease with the majority of patients having metastatic disease upon diagnosis. Recently, it was shown the SLIT2 plays a regulatory role in melanoma invasion through the control of invadopodia. Therefore, we sought to determine the mechanism behind miR-218 inhibition of pancreatic cancer invasion.

Methods

mir-218 target genes were discovered using three miRNA target prediction websites. Modulation of mir-218 target ARF6 was determined by transfection with antagomirs and mimics to mir-218. Pancreatic cancer migration and invasion were measured using Boyden chamber assays. Invasion was further measured using matrix degradation assays.

Results

We found that mir-218 modulates ARF6 RNA and protein expression in pancreatic cancer. mir-218 did not inhibit pancreatic cancer cell migration, but did inhibit invasion. mir-218 did not affect the formation of invadopodia in pancreatic cancer cells, but did inhibit the total area of matrix degradation caused by functional invadopodia.

Conclusions

This work suggests that miR-218 is a suppressor of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma invasion through a pathway that regulates invadopodia maturation.
Time-course single-cell RNA sequencing reveals transcriptional dynamics and heterogeneity of limbal stem cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Sun Changbin , Wang Hailun , Ma Qiwang , Chen Chao , Yue Jianhui , Li Bo , Zhang Xi
Published: October 2020

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived limbal stem cells (hPSC-derived LSCs) provide a promising cell source for corneal transplants and ocular surface reconstruction. Although recent efforts in the identification of LSC markers have increased our understanding of the biology of LSCs, the lack of knowledge of the developmental origin, cell fate determination, and identity of human LSCs hindered the establishment of differentiation protocols for hPSC-derived LSCs and hold back their clinical application. Here, we performed a time-course single-cell RNA-seq to investigate transcriptional heterogeneity and expression changes of LSCs derived from human embryonic stem cells. Based on current protocol, expression heterogeneity of reported LSC markers were identified in subpopulations of differentiated cells. EMT has been shown to occur during differentiation process, which could possibly result in generation of untargeted cells. Pseudotime trajectory analysis revealed transcriptional changes and signatures of commitment of hPSCs-derived LSCs and their progeny - the transit amplifying cells. Furthermore, several new makers of LSCs were identified, which could facilitate elucidating the identity and developmental origin of human LSCsin vivo.
Distinct higher-order representations of natural sounds in human and ferret auditory cortex
Authors: Landemard Agnès , Bimbard Célian , Demené Charlie , Shamma Shihab , Norman-Haignere Sam , Boubenec Yves
Published: October 2020

Little is known about how neural representations of natural sounds differ across species. For example, speech and music play a unique role in human hearing, yet it is unclear how auditory representations of speech and music differ between humans and other animals. Using functional Ultrasound imaging, we measured responses in ferrets to a set of natural and spectrotemporally-matched synthetic sounds previously tested in humans. Ferrets showed similar lower-level frequency and modulation tuning to that observed in humans. But while humans showed prominent selectivity for natural vs. synthetic speech and music in non-primary regions, ferret responses to natural and synthetic sounds were closely matched throughout primary and non-primary auditory cortex, even when tested with ferret vocalizations. This finding reveals that auditory representations in humans and ferrets diverge sharply at late stages of cortical processing, potentially driven by higher-order processing demands in speech and music.
Simulating rainfall IDF curve for flood warnings in the Ca Mau coastal area under the impacts of climate change
Authors: Dang Truong An
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rainfall intensities and their limits for durations from 0.25 to 8 h with return periods from 2 to 100 years for Ca Mau City in Vietnam.

Design/methodology/approach

First, the quality of the historical rainfall data series in 44 years (1975–2018) at Ca Mau station was assessed using the standard normal homogeneity test and the Pettitt test. Second, the appraised rainfall data series are used to establish the rainfall intensity-duration-frequency curve for the study area.

Findings

Based on the findings, a two-year return period, the extreme rainfall intensities (ERIs) ranged from 9.1 mm/h for 8 h rainstorms to 91.2 mm/h for 0.25 h. At a 100-year return period, the ERIs ranged from 18.4 mm/h for 8 h rainstorms to 185.8 mm/h for 0.25 h. The results also show that the narrowest uncertainty level between the lower and upper limits recorded 1.6 mm at 8 h for the two-year return period while the widest range is at 42.5 mm at 0.25 h for the 100-year return period. In general, the possibility of high-intensity rainfall values compared to the extreme rainfall intensities is approximately 2.0% at the 100-year return period.

Originality/value

The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information for policymakers to make the right decisions in controlling and minimizing flooding in the study area.
Exploring willingness to share in peer-to-peer access-based hospitality markets: the effect of roles performed and sharing intensity
Authors: Teixeira Otávio Ferreira Borges , Caldieraro Fabio , Medeiros Amanda Cristina
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This study aims to examine the effect of individuals’ roles, as providers or consumers, and sharing intensity on willingness to participate in access-based hospitality markets.

Design/methodology/approach

The research draws from the theories of psychological ownership and prospect theory to examine how individuals’ roles and sharing intensity affect willingness to share an accommodation. Two behavioral experiments test the proposed hypotheses and fundament the main conclusions.

Findings

The results show that providers (consumers) desire more (less) intensive sharing. This paper also finds a significant difference between consumers’ willingness to pay and providers’ willingness to accept, creating a seesaw dilemma that limits the likelihood of closing a sharing agreement. Based on the findings, strategies to improve the likelihood of transactions among parties are suggested.

Practical implications

The research provides guidelines to stimulate peer-to-peer hospitality transactions. It suggests improving communication to highlight consumers’ perceptions of effectance and feeling of “home,” as well as providers’ mental imageries of ownership. It also recommends systematizing accommodation attributes based on expected sharing experiences and the prospection of users who welcome high sharing intensity.

Originality/value

In contrast to other studies of peer-to-peer accommodation sharing, this paper explores the roles of providers and consumers simultaneously and analyze sharing intensity as a critical factor. This study finds that providers may welcome more intensive sharing, and links this outcome to an unusual negative relationship between psychological ownership and the endowment effect.
Is the GCC an optimum currency area (OCA)? Empirical answers from co-movements
Authors: Cham Tamsir
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate whether the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is an optimum currency area in the wake of the global financial crisis and low oil prices using annual data from 2000 to 2016.

Design/methodology/approach

It applies the European Monetary Union as a reference point and co-movement methodology on key variables such as gross domestic product, inflation, terms of trade and current account balance. The findings revealed that all countries meet the macroeconomic convergence criteria and there is greater co-movement of these variables in the GCC.

Findings

Furthermore, the degree of co-movements increases during the financial crisis and recent low oil prices, which signifies the synchronization of shocks. However, labor is less mobile in the region and current account balance co-movement is relatively weak, but with the endogeneity of a monetary union, these constraints will evaporate as the zone enters monetary unification. The paper recommends that for the GCC monetary union to happen and be sustainable, there needs to be political will. The paper also recommended for the zone to have a common identification card so that nationals can move and work freely within the GCC region.

Originality/value

The study defers from the others in the following: this paper considered shock synchronization and co-movement methodology, which has not been applied in the region to assess its feasibility as an OCA.
Mirroring the zeitgeist: an analysis of CSR policies in the UK’s food, soft drink and packaging industries
Authors: Topić Martina , Bridge Gemma , Tench Ralph
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore changes in corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies in food, soft drinks and packaging industries to capture changes in CSR implementation given increased environmental activism. The paper takes an exploratory approach in reviewing CSR policy changes to explore to what extent companies change CSR policies with increased environmentalism.

Design/methodology/approach

A comparative website analysis was used to analyse CSR policies of companies in the food, soft drinks and packaging industries in the UK. The companies were selected for the analysis based on their annual turnover and 23 companies were analysed (seven for the soft drinks industry, eight for the food industry and eight for packaging industry). Five interviews were conducted with packaging and retail professionals, and the findings were analysed by using thematic analysis, which captured trends in responses.

Findings

The findings show that companies are implementing and communicating CSR policies heavily focussed on reducing the environmental impact of their work and matching social debates on human rights, with which traditional CSR policies (corporate governance, supporting local communities and consultation with stakeholders) are fading away. Instead, companies have shifted attention towards the gender pay gap, modern slavery and extensive environmentalism. The interviews with packaging professionals and CSR managers from the retail industry show that the packaging industry designs CSR policies in line with requests from supermarkets, which are, in turn, influenced by consumer activism.

Practical implications

This paper shows the circular relationship between media coverage, consumer activism, which comes as a result, and the impact and changes this brings to the industry. To avoid reputation damage, companies should closely follow media debates to pre-empty consumer criticism and activism.

Social implications

The findings show that companies are “mirroring the zeitgast” and going with trends to meet consumer expectations, which brings into question the sincerity of CSR policies and revives the criticism of capitalism and raises a question whether CSR is used by companies as a smokescreen that on the outset makes a difference to the society but keeps status quo intact.

Originality/value

The paper provides an insight into CSR implementation of three industries that faced heavy criticism from campaigners and the general public for their environmental impact. The paper shows how the CSR policy shifted to match this expectation and thus provides a good ground for studying the evolution of CSR using a case study from three selected industries.
Can analytical psychology be applied to the therapeutic community?
Authors: Howe Andrew John
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the theoretical potential of applying Jungian/analytical psychology concepts to a contemporary therapeutic community (TC) within the national health service.

Design/methodology/approach

A literature review concerning a Jungian understanding of group psychotherapy and TCs was undertaken. A summary and discussion of a detailed written account of a previous Jungian TC was then conducted. A comparison between a modern-day TC and Jungian approaches was then conducted with an ending discussion on the feasibility of incorporating Jungian ideas into modern work.

Findings

While Jung is thought to have a wholly negative view of groups and group psychotherapy, this was not found in the case. Furthermore, post-Jungian authors have attempted to use ideas from analytical psychology in their group work. While there are some aspects that could be implemented with relative ease in the modern TC, a complete shift into this different way of working would be a challenge and its current evidence base would not support this.

Originality/value

To the best of author’s knowledge, there are no other academic papers that have considered this subject.
An integrative model of consumer-based heritage destination brand equity
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Sabbir , Abdel Fattah Fadi Abdel Muniem , Hussain Bashir , Hossain Md Afnan
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This study aims to examine tourists’ heritage brand experience (HBE), cultural intelligence and destination loyalty and test whether these have an impact on the formation of consumer-based heritage destination brand equity (CBHDE). The mediating role of heritage destination loyalty (HDL) in this relationship was also examined.

Design/methodology/approach

The data used in the current study was collected from different heritage tourist destinations by using the survey questionnaire method. The proposed conceptual model was tested by applying structural equation modelling (SEM).

Findings

The SEM results reveal that tourists’ HBE, cultural intelligence and destination brand loyalty are positively related to CBHDE, thus implying the impact of these influences on CBHDE, which is mediated by heritage destination brand loyalty.

Practical implications

The results suggest that organizations operating in the heritage tourism and hospitality industry should pay greater attention to tourists experiences and cultural intelligence to achieve CBHDE.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to investigate CBHDE in the literature. As this work examines three important predictive variables in terms of CBHDE, this work can be considered an important addition to the existing knowledge on heritage tourism destination research.
Characterization and differentiation of aluminum powders used in improvised explosive devices – Part 1: Proof of concept of the utility of particle micromorphometry
Authors: Baldaino JenaMarie , Ommen Danica M. , Saunders Christopher P. , Hietpas Jack , Buscaglia JoAnn
Published: October 2020

Aluminum (Al) powders are commonly used in improvised explosive devices as metallic fuels, a component of explosive mixtures. These powders can be obtained readily from industrial‐scale and consumer products, and produced using unsophisticated “kitchen chemistry” techniques. This research demonstrates the potential of automated particle micromorphometry for comparisons between known source and questioned Al powders recovered from IEDs, as well as for insight into the method of Al powder manufacture. Al powder samples were obtained from legitimate manufacturers, and 56 samples were produced “in‐house” from Al‐containing spray paints and ball‐milled Al foils. Transmitted light microscope images of Al powder particles were acquired using an automated stage with automated z‐focus; 17 size and shape parameters were measured for all particles. Approximately 37,000–2,500,000 particles/sample were analyzed using an open‐source statistical package with customized code. Dimensionality reduction was required for processing the large datasets: eight of the 17 measured variables were selected based on inspection of the correlation matrix. Data from four subsamples from each of the 56 samples produced using “in‐house” methods were analyzed using ANOVA to assess the within‐ and between‐sample variation. High within‐sample variation was noted; however, ANOVA and post‐hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) tests demonstrated that the between‐sample variation was substantially larger than the within‐sample variation. Each sample could be differentiated from all other samples in the test set. Future experiments will focus on ways to reduce the within‐sample variation, and additional statistical and microanalytical methods to classify sources and confidently constrain the method of Al powder manufacture.
Development and field evaluation of a motion sensor activated suction trap to study vector–host interactions
Authors: Sloyer Kristin E. , Burkett‐Cadena Nathan D.
Published: October 2020

Researchers elucidating vectors of zoonotic diseases encounter problems with inefficient surveillance techniques leading to underestimation of the importance of some species, and the overestimation of the importance of others. Carbon dioxide‐baited light traps are the most widely used traps for sampling vector groups. However aspirating directly from the hosts is the most accurate method to incriminate vectors.

A novel vector trapping system was developed, consisting of a suction trap, activated by a motion sensor, and controlled by a microcontroller, which activates automatically when host animals approach. The prototype was tested in two field experiments with ungulates and biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at a preserve in Florida. We measured the biting midge community collected at traps near and far from hosts and compared communities using diversity metrics and abundance curves.

Traps activated in the presence of host animals with 94% accuracy. Diversity and richness of Culicoides species differed between sensor and control traps with 11 species captured by control traps and seven species by sensor traps. Vector species were captured in significantly greater numbers in sensor traps, while more non‐vector species were caught in control traps.

Results confirm that vector species can be underrepresented in light trap collections, likely due to their tight associations with vertebrate hosts, a finding that should be taken into consideration when incriminating arbovirus vectors. Our novel trap system was a first attempt at solving the issue of collecting vector species from non‐tame animals, effectively aspirating questing midges. Simple modifications of the system could be made to target other vector–host systems.
An optimal environment for our optimal selves? An autoethnographic account of self‐tracking personal exposure to air pollution
Authors: Tan Sarah H. A. , Smith Thomas E. L.
Published: October 2020

This paper presents an autoethnographic study which tracks the experience of routinely monitoring personal exposure to air pollution, using Plume Labs' “Flow” device. While conventional air quality data is provided by static monitoring stations, this paper seeks to understand how new intimate data from portable sensors can influence decision‐making and induce behavioural change. This is explored in relation to self‐tracking and the “Quantified Self” (QS) movement, recognising that the environment is intrinsically part of the self and the body. Through autoethnography and reflecting on experiences in London and Kuala Lumpur, this paper explores the practicalities of using Flow and its potential as a transformative tool to facilitate societal consciousness and change towards “the optimal self” with minimised exposure to air pollution. Through personal experience and interactions with others, this paper finds that individuals' willingness and ability to attempt to minimise exposure to air pollution is subject to a combination of factors within and beyond one's control. However, while self‐tracking does not necessarily translate into attempts to minimise exposure, choosing to be exposed to higher levels of air pollution in certain circumstances becomes an active decision. While some maintained their scepticism of Flow's potential, and others remained apathetic towards air pollution, Flow was found to be particularly effective in cultivating curiosity and consciousness through its facilitation of conversations about air quality. Flow's provision of otherwise absent information and its potential to create a network of better‐informed individuals is exciting but uncertain. This paper raises important questions about the role of the QS and such sensor devices in addressing urban air pollution and creating a sense of collective accountability to the environment, moving towards a new goal of “the optimal environment for our optimal selves.”
Poisson PCA: Poisson measurement error corrected PCA, with application to microbiome data
Authors: Kenney Toby , Gu Hong , Huang Tianshu
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we study the problem of computing a principal component analysis of data affected by Poisson noise. We assume samples are drawn from independent Poisson distributions. We want to estimate principal components of a fixed transformation of the latent Poisson means. Our motivating example is microbiome data, though the methods apply to many other situations. We develop a semiparametric approach to correct the bias of variance estimators, both for untransformed and transformed (with particular attention to log‐transformation) Poisson means. Furthermore, we incorporate methods for correcting different exposure or sequencing depth in the data. In addition to identifying the principal components, we also address the nontrivial problem of computing the principal scores in this semiparametric framework. Most previous approaches tend to take a more parametric line: for example, fitting a log‐normal Poisson (PLN) model. We compare our method with the PLN approach and find that in many cases our method is better at identifying the main principal components of the latent log‐transformed Poisson means, and as a further major advantage, takes far less time to compute. Comparing methods on real and simulated data, we see that our method also appears to be more robust to outliers than the parametric method.
OPTIMAL PRICE OF ENTRY INTO A COMPETITION
Authors: Ginzburg Boris
Published: October 2020

A continuum of contestants are choosing whether to enter a competition. Each contestant has a type, and of those who enter, the ones with highest types receive prizes. A profit‐maximizing firm controls entry, and charges a price for it. I show that an increase in the value of each prize leads the firm to raise the price while keeping the intensity of entry fixed. Conversely, when the mass of prizes increases, the firm initially keeps the price constant while allowing entry to increase; and later—raises the price. (JEL C72, D82, D83)
A case of verminous mastitis in a mare
Authors: Gratwick Z. , Frean J. , du Plessis D. , Hewetson M. , Schwan V.
Published: October 2020

This report describes bilateral mammary gland infection with a previously unidentified Cephalobus species of nematode. Only one previous case of verminous mastitis due to a Cephalobus species has been reported, pre‐dating the widespread use of molecular diagnostics. This report describes the case presentation and management, as well as the morphological and molecular methods of nematode identification.
The dermal sheath: An emerging component of the hair follicle stem cell niche
Authors: Martino Pieter A. , Heitman Nicholas , Rendl Michael
Published: October 2020

Hair follicles cyclically regenerate throughout adult mammalian life, owing to a resident population of epithelial hair follicle stem cells. Stem cell (SC) activity drives bouts of follicle growth, which are periodically interrupted by follicle regression and rest. These phases and the transitions between them are tightly spatiotemporally coordinated by signalling crosstalk between stem/progenitor cells and the various cell types of the microenvironment, or niche. The dermal papilla (DP) is a cluster of specialized mesenchymal cells that have long been recognized for important niche roles in regulating hair follicle SC activation, as well as progenitor proliferation and differentiation during follicle growth. In addition to the DP, the mesenchyme of the murine pelage follicle is also comprised of a follicle‐lining smooth muscle known as the dermal sheath (DS), which has been far less studied than the DP yet may be equally specialized and important for hair cycling. In this review, we define the murine pelage DS in comparison with human DS and discuss recent work that highlights the emergent importance of the DS in the hair follicle SC niche. Last, we examine potential therapeutic applications for the DS in hair regeneration and wound healing.
Patient safety education in pre‐registration nursing programmes in South Korea
Authors: Lee S. E. , Dathinten V. Susan , Do H.
Published: October 2020

Aims

This study investigated how patient safety is currently taught in pre‐registration nursing programmes across South Korea and explored nurse educators’ perspectives on curriculum change.

Background

Pre‐graduate education plays a critical role in preparing nurses with the requisite patient safety competencies. However, little is known about how patient safety education is addressed in South Korean nursing schools or the perspectives of nurse educators regarding patient safety education and a need for change.

Methods

This descriptive study used data collected during a 2019 accreditation workshop provided by the Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing Education. A paper‐and‐pencil survey was completed by 80 nurse educators working in 16 regions throughout Korea.

Results

A little consistency was found in approaches to teaching patient safety. Patient safety topics are addressed throughout various nursing courses, and patient safety education is limited in hours of instruction and breadth of content. A majority of respondents indicated that additional supports are needed, including a national standardized curriculum for patient safety education.

Conclusion

A new approach to teaching patient safety is needed in Korean pre‐registration nursing education. Overall, patient safety education is limited and provided through a fragmented approach with little attention to systems, workplace design or human issues that are necessary for developing the critical reasoning and skills to support patient safety.

Implications for nursing policy

The accrediting and regulatory bodies in South Korea should work together to develop and implement explicit standards of patient safety education and patient safety competencies for nursing students. Development of a standardized national curriculum is essential for providing a consistent, systematic and comprehensive approach to patient safety education in nursing programmes.
Embedded spiritual conversation in cancer communication: lived experiences of nurses and patients/relatives
Authors: Rochmawati E. , Minanton M.
Published: October 2020

Aim

The study aimed to illuminate the experiences of patients, relatives and nurses in an oncology setting by exploring communication in cancer care.

Background

Like elsewhere in health settings, communication is a major component in cancer care and has an impact on patient’s outcome. However, nurse–patient/relatives communication is still recognized as an ongoing challenge. Evidence is lacking on the nurse–patient communication in Indonesia particularly in oncology settings.

Design of study

The current study explored the lived experiences of patients, relatives and nursing regarding communication in an oncology setting at a private Islamic hospital. A phenomenological research design on the basis of the naturalistic paradigm was employed. The researchers purposely selected 16 participants and conducted semi‐structured interviews using an interview guide. Colaizzi’s naturalistic phenomenological approach was utilized to analyse the data.

Results

Three themes emerged from the data: Building a compassionate relationship, Spiritual and religious discussion, Maintaining hope. Developing trust and providing empathy as well as showing genuineness are elements in building the compassionate relationship. The religious and spiritual discussion includes reminders to pray and increase self‐transcendence awareness. Patients and their relatives welcome such discussion. Maintaining hope is part of communication that can preserve positive feelings, goals and beliefs of patients and their families for their well‐being.

Conclusion

Establishing compassionate relationship is the basis of communication in cancer care. Spiritual and religion, and hope are aspects that nurses and patients and their relatives discuss among themselves. These aspects may affect patient’s outcome and quality of care and require further research.

Implication for nursing and health policy

Findings suggest that it is important to have communication during cancer care, which includes compassion, spiritual and religious aspect, and hope as it potentially enables patients and relatives to deal with their cancer journey. Our findings have implications for nursing practice, education and policy so that there is an integration of biopsychosocial, and spiritual and religious aspects in cancer communication.
Intravenous peramivir vs oral oseltamivir in high‐risk emergency department patients with influenza: Results from a pilot randomized controlled study
Authors: Hsieh Yu‐Hsiang , Dugas Andrea F. , LoVecchio Frank , McBryde Breana , Ricketts Erin P. , Saliba‐Shaw Kathryn , Rothman Richard E.
Published: October 2020

Background

Peramivir offers a single‐dose intravenous (IV) treatment option for influenza (vs 5‐day oral dosing for oseltamivir). We sought to compare outcomes of emergency department (ED) patients at high risk for influenza complications treated with IV peramivir vs oral oseltamivir.

Methods

During the 2015‐16 and 2016‐17 influenza seasons, adult patients in two US EDs were randomized to either oral oseltamivir or IV peramivir treatment group. Eligibility included positive molecular influenza test; met CDC criteria for antiviral treatment; able to provide informed consent and agree to follow‐up assessment. Outcomes were measured by clinical end‐point indicators, including FLU‐PRO Score, Ordinal Scale, Patient Global Impression on Severity Score, and Karnofsky Performance Scale for 14 days. Non‐inferior t test was performed to assess comparative outcomes between the two groups.

Results

Five hundred and seventy‐five (68%) of 847 influenza‐positive patients were approached. Two hundred and eighty‐four met enrollment criteria and 179 were enrolled; of these 95 (53%) were randomized to peramivir, and 84 to oseltamivir. Average FLU‐PRO score at baseline was similar (peramivir: 2.67 vs oseltamivir: 2.52); the score decreased over time for both groups (day 5: peramivir: 1.71 vs oseltamivir: 1.62; day 10: peramivir: 1.48 vs oseltamivir: 1.37; day 14: peramivir: 1.40 vs oseltamivir: 1.33; all P < .05 for significantly non‐inferior). Influenza‐related complications were similar between two groups (All: peramivir: 31% vs oseltamivir: 21%, P > .05; pneumonia: peramivir: 11% vs oseltamivir: 14%, P > .05).

Conclusions

Clinical outcomes of influenza‐infected patients treated with single‐dose IV peramivir were comparable to those treated with oral oseltamivir, suggesting potential utility of peramivir for influenza‐infected patients in the ED.
Influence of blood pressure control and application of renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitors on the outcomes in COVID‐19 patients with hypertension
Authors: Chen Renzheng , Yang Jie , Gao Xubin , Ding Xiaohan , Yang Yuanqi , Shen Yang , He Chunyan , Xiang Hedong , Ke Jingbin , Yuan Fangzhengyuan , Cheng Ran , Lv Hailin , Li Ping , Zhang Limin , Liu Chuan , Tan Hu , Huang Lan
Published: October 2020

Hypertension is proved to be associated with severity and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, little is known about the effects of pre‐admission and/or in‐hospital antihypertension treatments on clinical outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between in‐hospital blood pressure (BP) control and COVID‐19–related outcomes and to compare the effects of different antihypertension treatments. This study included 2864 COVID‐19 patients and 1628 were hypertensive. Patients were grouped according to their BP during hospitalization and records of medication application. Patients with higher BP showed worse cardiac and renal functions and clinical outcomes. After adjustment, subjects with pre‐admission usage of renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors (HR = 0.35, 95%CI 0.14‐0.86, P = .022) had a lower risk of adverse clinical outcomes, including death, acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, septic shock, mechanical ventilation, and intensive care unit admission. Particularly, hypertension patients receiving RAAS inhibitor treatment either before (HR = 0.35, 95%CI 0.13‐0.97, P = .043) or after (HR = 0.18, 95%CI 0.04‐0.86, P = .031) admission showed a significantly lower risk of adverse clinical outcomes than those receiving application of other antihypertensive medicines. Furthermore, consecutive application of RAAS inhibitors in COVID‐19 patients with hypertension showed better clinical outcomes (HR = 0.10, 95%CI 0.01‐0.83, P = .033) than non‐RAAS inhibitors users. We revealed that COVID‐19 patients with poor BP control during hospitalization had worse clinical outcomes. Compared with other antihypertension medicines, RAAS inhibitors were beneficial for improving clinical outcomes in COVID‐19 patients with hypertension. Our findings provide direct evidence to support the administration of RAAS inhibitors to COVID‐19 patients with hypertension before and after admission.
Long‐term outcomes of osteotome sinus floor elevation without grafting in severely atrophic maxilla: A 10‐year prospective study
Authors: Shi Jun‐Yu , Qian Shu‐Jiao , Gu Ying‐Xin , Qiao Shi‐Chong , Tonetti Maurizio S. , Lai Hong‐Chang
Published: October 2020

Objective

The aim of the present study was to report 10‐year results of osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) without grafting severely atrophic maxilla (residual bone height ≤4 mm).

Materials and Methods

Patients undergoing OSFE without grafting and implant placement were included for 10‐year examinations. Implant survival, complication‐free survival, modified bleeding index (mBI), modified plaque index (mPI), pocket probing depth (PPD), peri‐implant marginal bone loss (MBL), endo‐sinus bone gain (ESBG) and mean cost of recurrence were evaluated.

Results

Overall, 23 patients with 35 implants attended 10‐year examination. Cemented implant crowns or implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses were delivered to the patients. Kaplan–Meier implant survival was 89.2% at implant level and 84.1% at patient level. Complication‐free survival was 26.0% at patient level and 37.0% at implant level. The average complication‐free survival time was 74.6 months (95% CI: 63.2–86.0 months) at implant level and 69.1 months (95% CI: 54.8–83.4 months) at patient level. The mBI, mPI, PPD, MBL and ESBG at 10‐year follow‐up were 0.91 ± 0.58, 0.48 ± 0.51, 2.94 ± 0.79 mm, 1.63 ± 0.83 mm and 2.72 ± 0.51 mm, respectively. The cost of managing recurrence was 43.6% of the initial cost of treatment.

Conclusion

The results of the present study indicate that OSFE without grafting is a reliable treatment option in severely atrophic maxilla. Acceptable survival rate, stable MBL and ESBG could be achieved within 10 years. Low complication‐free survival and high costs of recurrence management need to be considered.
Differential susceptibility of white bass (Morone chrysops), striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and hybrid striped bass (M. chrysops × M. saxatilis) to Flavobacterium columnare and effects of mucus on bacterial growth and biofilm development
Authors: Farmer Bradley D. , Fuller Sidney Adam , Beck Benjamin H. , Abernathy Jason W. , Lange Miles D. , Webster Carl D.
Published: October 2020

Columnaris disease generates substantial losses of many freshwater fish species; one is the hybrid striped bass. The ubiquitous aquatic bacterium Flavobacterium columnare can be highly effective in biofilm formation on fish skin and gills. Previous research showed a difference between columnaris disease susceptibility of hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis × M. chrysops) and white bass (M. chrysops). To understand these differential susceptibilities and possible mucosal relationship, we assessed total bacterial growth and biofilm formation with mucus derived from each moronid parental species: white bass and striped bass (M. saxatilis). Differential susceptibility was confirmed of the other parent species, the striped bass (M. saxatilis). In addition to intraspecies investigations, individual hybrid striped bass mucosal affects were also studied for deferential responses to bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Species‐ and concentration‐dependent differences were detected in the total growth of the bacteria to host mucus. Our data suggest that bass mucus can significantly affect biofilm formation with the F. columnare isolate tested. There appears to be a correlation between the bacteria's response of growth and biofilms and bass species susceptibility. This study provides insight into our understanding of the host–pathogen interaction between F. columnare and moronids.
Swallowing screening practice patterns for nurses in the cardiac surgery intensive care unit
Authors: Dallal York Justine , Miller Sarah , Chapin Jennifer , Gore Stephanie , Jeng Eric I. , Plowman Emily K.
Published: October 2020

Aims and objectives

The current study surveyed nurse practice patterns for performing swallowing screens in an academic cardiac intensive care unit (ICU). It aimed to index: training and levels of confidence in conducting dysphagia screens; screening methods employed; timing and frequency of implement; and subsequent plan of care in identified high‐risk patients.

Background

Swallowing impairment (dysphagia) is common following cardiac surgery and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early and accurate detection of dysphagia is therefore critical to afford implementation of interventions to optimise patient care. Currently, no validated instruments or guidelines exist for nursing screening of dysphagia in this setting.

Methods

An anonymous and voluntary 10‐item mixed‐methods online survey was conducted using Qualtrics software. Nonprobability purposive sampling was utilised to recruit nurses working in an academic 24‐bed cardiac ICU. Thematic analysis using operationally defined coding, SRQR checklist and descriptive statistics were employed.

Results

Sixty‐nine nurses completed the survey during a 1‐month period, representing an 84% response rate. Formal training in performing swallowing screens was reported in 18.6% of nurses. In rank order, reported level of confidence was the following: “moderately” (49%); “somewhat” (35%); “not” (13%); and “very” (3%). The majority of nurses performed screens within 1 hr (40.6%) or between 1–4 hr (43.8%) of extubation. Fifteen different methods were utilised to screen swallowing function by nurses who reported a total of 31 different clinical signs indicative of dysphagia.

Conclusions

Survey data of practicing nurses in an academic cardiac ICU revealed limited formal training in swallowing screening methodology, a high degree of variability in screening methods employed and low levels of agreement for dysphagia signs.

Relevance to clinical practice

Data highlight a knowledge gap and need for the development of formal education and validated rapid nursing dysphagia screening tools for standardised implementation in the cardiac surgery ICU setting.
Assessment of differential item functioning across English and Spanish versions of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale
Authors: Pattanaik Swaha , John Mike T. , Chung Seungwon
Published: October 2020

Objectives

To investigate differential item functioning across the Spanish and English versions of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES).

Methods

OES data were collected from a consecutive sample of a total of 622 adult dental patients (311 English‐ and 311 Spanish‐speaking adults) from HealthPartners dental clinics in Minnesota. We inspected boundary characteristic curves (BCCs) based on item response theory (IRT) in English speakers and Spanish speakers to examine differential item functioning (DIF). Using the Samejima's graded response model, we used the item response theory log‐likelihood ratio (IRTLR) approach to test whether DIF was statistically significant.

Results

Inspection of the BCCs did not reveal substantial differences in item difficulty and discrimination between English speakers and Spanish speakers. When IRTLR tests were performed for the seven OES items, no item was flagged with significant DIF after P‐values were adjusted for multiple comparisons.

Conclusions

Pooling of Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES) data from English and Spanish‐speaking dental patients for analysis and interpretation is supported by the absence of differential item functioning (DIF) across the two language groups.
The Gratification of Psychological Needs and Well‐Being Among Turkish Adolescents: An Examination of Direct and Indirect Links
Authors: Dost‐Gözkan Ayfer
Published: October 2020

Based on the self‐determination theory (SDT), the present study tested a mediational model in a cross‐sectional data and found that gratification of basic psychological needs (GBPN; autonomy, relatedness, and competence) in adolescents’ relationships with their mother and father is linked with wellness (life satisfaction, problem‐solving confidence, and anxiety), through family cohesion, and disclosure and secrecy from mother. Adolescents (N = 1,097; 61.6% girls, Mage = 15.12, SD = 0.64; range = 14–16 years) were from nine public schools in Istanbul, Turkey. Findings showed that GBPN in the relationship with each parent has unique contribution to family cohesion, adolescent disclosure and secrecy from parents, and wellness. Findings also supported SDT’s claim that GBPN is conducive to well‐being cross‐culturally.
Effects of dietary energy on antioxidant capacity, glucose–lipid metabolism and meat fatty acid profile of Holstein bulls at different ages
Authors: Wang Haibo , Niu Wenjing , Wu Fei , Qiu Xinjun , Yu Zhantao , He Yang , Li Hang , Su Huawei , Cao Binghai
Published: October 2020

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary energy on antioxidant capacity, liver glucose–lipid‐related gene expressions and meat fatty acid of Holstein bulls. Thirty‐six Holstein bulls (age, 17.0 ± 0.49 months; body weight, 493.3 ± 39.7 kg) were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments. The metabolizable energy of diets was 10.12, 10.90 and 11.68 MJ/kg. Bulls in each dietary treatment were sampled at the age of 20, 23 or 26 months. Results showed that serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase decreased with the increasing age. Dietary energy and age had interaction effects on the expressions of fatty acid synthase, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha, acyl coenzyme A oxidase 1 and carnitine palmitoyl‐transferase 1 alpha. Besides, the increase of age and dietary energy increased the expression of liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1. The expressions of liver glucose‐6‐phosphatase, tumour necrosis factor alpha and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 increased with the increasing age. The increase of age and dietary energy increased the proportions of C18:1cis‐9, C18:2n‐6trans and monounsaturated fatty acid. In summary, the increase of age and dietary energy enhanced the intensity of metabolic changes and inflammatory responses. Dietary energy and age affected the expressions of liver lipid metabolism‐related genes, further affected meat fatty acid composition of Holstein bulls.
Root trait–microbial relationships across tundra plant species
Authors: Spitzer Clydecia M. , Lindahl Björn , Wardle David A. , Sundqvist Maja K. , Gundale Michael J. , Fanin Nicolas , Kardol Paul
Published: October 2020

Fine roots, and their functional traits, influence associated rhizosphere microorganisms via root exudation and root litter quality. However, little information is known about their relationship with rhizosphere microbial taxa and functional guilds.

We investigated the relationships of 11 fine root traits of 20 sub‐arctic tundra meadow plant species and soil microbial community composition, using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and high‐throughput sequencing. We primarily focused on the root economics spectrum, as it provides a useful framework to examine plant strategies by integrating the co‐ordination of belowground root traits along a resource acquisition–conservation trade‐off axis.

We found that the chemical axis of the fine root economics spectrum was positively related to fungal to bacterial ratios, but negatively to Gram‐positive to Gram‐negative bacterial ratios. However, this spectrum was unrelated to the relative abundance of functional guilds of soil fungi. Nevertheless, the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was positively correlated to root carbon content, but negatively to the numbers of root forks per root length.

Our results suggest that the fine root economics spectrum is important for predicting broader groups of soil microorganisms (i.e. fungi and bacteria), while individual root traits may be more important for predicting soil microbial taxa and functional guilds.
A new HLA‐B allele, HLA‐B*35:481
Authors: Miotti Valeria , Battarra Mariarosa , Sindici Chiara , Londero Donatella , Andreani Marco
Published: October 2020

The novel allele HLA‐B*35:481 differs from HLA‐B*35:05:01 by two nucleotide substitution in exon 3.
Reflections on a Long-Term Consultancy Relationship: Challenging the Beliefs of an Elite Golfer
Authors: Pates John , Kingston Kieran
Published: October 2020

This case study is a reflective account of a consultation with a (then) 37-year-old male professional golfer and former Ryder Cup player who had lost his status on the European golf tour and was working outside of the sport in order to make a living. Needs analysis suggested that the client had poor performances, low self-confidence, and dysfunctional beliefs (e.g., “My swing is not good enough”). An eclectic philosophical approach was adopted to address these issues (e.g., strength-based training, overlearning, hypnosis, promoting an external focus of attention, cognitive restructuring, and a clutch-based visualization). The effectiveness of the interventions was determined by the player’s performance and his underlying emotions and beliefs. The client provided social validation for the consultation approach. The interventions in this case study elevated positive emotions (e.g., confidence and optimism), changed dysfunction beliefs (e.g., “I am always a bridesmaid”), and enhanced performance (winning major championships). The case study illustrates a protracted engagement with a client and the evolution of a professional relationship. The case is discussed in light of a self-fulfilling-prophecy effect and a consultancy that targets the conscious and unconscious mind of an elite golfer. Recommendations are offered for consultants working with elite golfers.
Proteomic analysis of circulating extracellular vesicles identifies potential markers of breast cancer progression, recurrence, and response
Authors: Vinik Yaron , Ortega Francisco Gabriel , Mills Gordon B. , Lu Yilling , Jurkowicz Menucha , Halperin Sharon , Aharoni Mor , Gutman Mordechai , Lev Sima
Published: October 2020

Proteomic analysis of small extracellular vesicles differentiates patients with breast cancer from healthy women.
A social-belonging intervention improves STEM outcomes for students who speak English as a second language
Authors: LaCosse Jennifer , Canning Elizabeth A. , Bowman Nicholas A. , Murphy Mary C. , Logel Christine
Published: October 2020

A social-belonging intervention administered at 19 universities increased ESL students’ persistence and performance in STEM.