bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dependence disorders as disorders of society, family and individual: A critique of non-action
Authors: Dragisic-Labas Sladjana , Milic Milan
Published: July 2008

Since early 1990s substance abuse and dependence among young people in our country has been growing. Therefore to devise a prevention program should be a task number one for the government. Social factors (economic and political crisis, forced migration, unemployment, etc), on one side, family disfunction and individual causes on the other, can result in insecurity fear, feeling of meaninglessness in the young mind and hence the need to "solve" these problems by using one of psychoactive substances (PAS). Studies have shown that the young and especially their families have a very poor knowledge of PAS - their kinds and uses, how to recognize a person (ab)using PAS, and what somatic and psychological consequences are produced by taking them. Social tolerance to alcohol use and abuse is high, society is supportive of alcohol use, while on the other hand individuals with substance dependence disorder are stigmatized and ostracized. The very first steps have been made in investigating this problem, some action has been taken, but serious comprehension of the problem and creation and realization of the national prevention program for substance use disorder are still missing.
From social networks to network society: A review of the macro network approach in sociology
Authors: Petrovic Dalibor
Published: July 2008

Traditional sociological theories are no longer fully capable of explaining social changes in the modern world. For this reason demands for new social theories is growing. In this article the author analyses one of these attempts, by reviewing new macro social network theories. Since our sociological community is not familiar enough with network theory, the first part of the paper is devoted to outlining the history of the social network approach in general. In the second part of the paper the more recent macro social network approach is discussed as represented by its most important proponents.
"Problem of generations": Origins, content and continuing relevance of Karl Mannheim’s article
Authors: Kuljic Todor
Published: July 2008

The article presents a brief history of the concept of generations. It focuses on Karl Mannheim?s article "Problems of Generations" (1928), its social origins and theoretical content. Mannheim?s role was crucial in 20th century development of the (new) concept of generation. In order to understand the problem of social (historical) generations and evaluate Mannheim?s position within the concept?s development, several points are discussed in more detail: the history of the concept of "generations", the relationship between class and generation, and how ideas about the formation of generations help us to understand social dynamics over time. In doing so we assume that the origin of Mannheim?s lecture lies in the generational experience of Hungarian intellectuals during the collapse of the old order of the Dual Monarchy and the Revolution of 1918-19. The Budapest intellectual life in the 1910s was important for Mannheim?s "Problems of generations", as well as A. Weber?s cultural sociology. Finally, the article analyzes the migration of the generations concept from one culture (Germany) to another (the United States), and from one discipline (sociology) to another (memory culture).
Moral panic and film
Authors: Masirevic Ljubomir
Published: July 2008

The paper is an attempt to apply the theory of moral panic to public fears provoked by film violence. The aim is to recreate a lively theoretical debate on the influence of media violence on the public and to take a stand that sides with the theoreticians disputing the negative influence of media. A moral campaign against the cinematographic representation of violence is usually launched by the tabloid press which tends to publish partial truths or outright lies about the events that follow the screening of violent movies, followed by selective quotations from survey results. The paper cites the movies that produced the largest campaigns of moral panic against cinematic representations of violence and the responses of directors to these campaigns. Finally, the paper offers an interpretation of moral campaigns, as well as indications as to where the real causes of social violence should be sought.
Cyclical theories of social change: Spengler and Toynbee
Authors: Kaurin Dragoljub
Published: July 2008

This paper is centrally concerned with discussing critically and rethinking the theoretical concepts put forward by Oswald Spengler in Decline of the West and Arnold Toynbee in A Study of History. It focuses on the theoretical, heuristic and epistemological value of these theories in the era of renaissance of philosophic history in some quarters (see for example Graham, 2002) and cooperation between social sciences. Spengler is credited with the idea of historical cycles, rethinking of the progressivist view and discovering a radically different approach to the study of the human past, which is embodied in his idea of culture as the proper unit for historical and sociological study. However, some of his views proved to be intrinsically intellectually dubious, but on the whole, his was a major contribution to the study of social change. Arnold Toynbee on the other hand was more empirically and sociologically oriented, while Spengler?s views are more heavily philosophical. Toynbee partly developed his ideas rather consistently, but at the same time included many unclear and inaccurate points in his theory. Both authors can be rightfully considered to be classical authors in this field and both provided incentive for studies that cross-cut social sciences (philosophy, history, sociology). Moreover, Decline of the West and A Study of History are truly post-disciplinary works.
Ebenezer Howard’s garden cities
Authors: Mirkov Andjelka
Published: July 2008

The article is devoted to the analysis of the garden city concept and its practical contribution to urban planning in the twentieth century. First, Ebenezer Howard?s theoretical views on the city are analyzed, followed by examples illustrating the application of his ideas in England, USA, Russia and Serbia. The purpose is to show how garden cities varied depending on different social contexts.
Bioethical aspects of ethnic prejudice
Authors: Radenovic Sandra , Turza Karel
Published: July 2008

It is assumed that considerable ethnic distance is an empirical manifestation of the ethnonationalistic political pattern still dominant in contemporary Serbian society. The results of our research of ethnic distance on a non-representative sample of Medical School students (University in Belgrade) confirm this assumption. We discuss a specific sample -future medical professionals who are a priori expected to be free from all kind of prejudice, while the physician-patient relation implies a complete and unreserved engagement of the medical professional, disregarding patient?s race, nation, religion, sex/gender, age etc. Nevertheless, the findings indicate considerable distance among students toward certain ethnic, national and racial groups. The authors point to the importance of bioethics in the education of future medical doctors since, among other things, bioethics reflects various dimensions of specific interaction/communication in the physician-patient relation. Finally, the authors emphasize the significance of bioethics in critical reflexion of a priori and unquestionable authority of the "white coat".
Families and social capital in Serbia: Some issues in research and policy
Authors: Tomanovic Smiljka
Published: July 2008

Based on several recent studies on families and households in Serbia, the paper examines the heuristic and methodological validity of the concept of social capital as applied in studying families in post-socialist transformation. After discussing conceptual issues and problems related to social capital and study of contemporary families, the findings from the studies related to social capital are summarized. It is argued that in a post socialist society in transformation, such as Serbia, there are two sides to social capital, that consequences of strong "bonding" social capital are twofold, and that this has complex effects on different societal levels. In the concluding part, some methodological and policy issues that emerged from the evidence are pointed out.
Sources of social capital
Authors: Golubovic Natasa
Published: July 2008

The aim of this paper is to analyze sources of social capital, i.e. that segment of the overall capital which is embedded in social ties and relationships. This is not an easy task because in theoretical debates differences between sources, manifestations and effects of social capital are very often blurred. It is argued that different approaches in the analysis of the sources of social capital could be integrated into one conceptual model which would include two direct sources of social capital social networks and social norms. In addition, formal institutions and trust are also closely related to social capital. These determinants influence the development of social capital and are mutually related.
Fukuyama on social capital
Authors: Ignjatovic Suzana
Published: July 2008

The paper aims to provide a synthesis of Fukuyama's theory of social capital Three different conceptual issues are discussed in the article: definition paradigmatic framework, and methodology. Another aspect of Fukuyama's concept of social capital is discussed from the perspective of Fukuyama's great popularity in public policy since the nineties. The concluding part of the paper deals with Fukuyama's place in academic and policy discourse on social capital.
Approaching the social control of drugs, I: Construction of the problem
Authors: Radulovic Dragan
Published: July 2008

The paper aims at outlining the social process whereby drug use has been defined as a major problem of contemporary society. The beginning of profane use of drugs is located in modern industrial society, while their global spread and the establishment of the prohibition system took place in the second half of 20th century. The generalized notion of drugs has dissolved into three different groups: some substances (coffee, tea, alcohol, tobacco) are socially accepted; others, like barbiturates or tranquilizers are legitimated by medicine, while the third group - opium, cocaine, cannabis and psychodelics - provoke social censure, exclusion and legal prohibition. The second part of the paper analyzes the process of constructing the "problem" of drug use in public discourse, mainly in the mass media. The starting assumption is that sociological analysis of any phenomenon, especially if it is stigmatized, must necessarily include a deconstruction of the discourse in which the phenomenon is defined, which involves historical and cultural contextualization, uncovering of power relations and drives to maintain the existing social order, as well as strategies of particular social groups whose interests are served by such definitions. The tactics of "moral panic" is singled out as particularly apt in these processes.
Patterns of poverty and new paradigms in the European Union
Authors: Kolin Marija
Published: July 2008

The article reviews various definitions of poverty which describe this phenomenon on the basis of not only monthly income and material deprivation but also considering the multidimensional quality of life of the poor population. The paper analyzes the evolution of the concept, different types and levels of poverty and discusses the chief differences between opposing theoretical views. The first part of the paper focuses on culturalist approaches to poverty and presents summarized findings on family patterns and personal characteristics of the poor documented in a wide range of anthropological and sociological studies of this group. As recently the concept of social exclusion is increasingly replacing the concepts of poverty and marginalization the paper goes on to present current definitions of the new paradigm, main indicators and properties of social exclusion, as well as the meaning of this concept from the perspective of strengthening social cohesion and programs aimed at social inclusion promoted by the European Union.
Synthesis of 3-benzyloxyl-17-maleyloxy-16, 17-secoestra- 1, 3, 5 (10)-triene-16-nitrile - Sinteza 3-benziloksi-17-maleiloksi- 16, 17-sekoestra-1, 3, 5 (10)-trien-16-nitrila
Authors: Jovanovic-Santa Suzana , Gaborov Sanja , Petrovic Julijana
Published: July 2008

Under the conditions of Beckmann fragmentation reaction 3-benzyloxy-17(-hydroxyestra-1, 3, 5, (10)-triene-16-one oxime (2) gave the D-seco derivative 3. Sodium borohydride reduction of this compound afforded 3-benzyloxy-17-hydroxy-16, 17-secoestra-1, 3, 5 (10)-triene-16-nitrile (4). The esterification of seco-cyanoalcohol 4 was achieved by action of maleic acid anhydride in dry pyridine, yielding 3-benzyloxy-17-maleyloxy-16 17-secoestra-1, 3, 5 (10)-triene-16-nitrile (5).
Effect of herbicides on microbiological properties of soil
Authors: Milosevic Nada , Govedarica Mitar
Published: July 2008

Microorganisms decompose herbicides and they may serve as bioindicators of soil changes following herbicide application. Certain microbial species may be used as bioherbicides. This study has shown that Azotobacter is most sensitive to herbicide application; it is, therefore, a reliable indicator of the biological value of soil. The numbers of this group of nitrogen-fixing bacteria decrease considerably in the period of 7-14 days after herbicide application. Simultaneously, the numbers of Actinomycetes and less so of fungi increase, indicating that these microorganisms use herbicides as sources of biogenous elements. Rate of herbicidal decomposition depends on the properties of the preparation applied herbicide dose as well as on the physical and chemical soil properties, soil moisture and temperature, ground cover, agrotechnical measures applied and the resident microbial population.
Effects of pesticides on Azotobacter chroococcum
Authors: Mrkovacki Nastasija , Cacic Nikola , Milic Vera
Published: July 2008

Studied in this paper were the effects of three concentrations of four different pesticides (two herbicides - Ro-Neet and pyramin, one insecticide - lindan and one fungicide - mankogal) on the growth of pure cultures of three Azotobacter chroococcum strains. The lowest and highest concentrations used in the study were ten times lower and ten times higher than the concentration used in actual agricultural practice (in the field) respectively. The pesticides had different effects on the growth of the Azotobacter chroococcum strains. All three strains of Azotobacter chroococcum grew unimpeded regardless of the pyramin, Ro-Neet-a and lindan concentration, whereas all three mankogal concentrations caused growth inhibition to occur in the three strains, which can, therefore, be deemed highly susceptible to the fungicide mankogal.
Phytogeographical and ecological characteristics of the vegetation alliance Thero-Salicornion BrBl. 33 em. Tx. 50 growing on Continental salt-affected soils (Banat - Yugoslavia)
Authors: Knezevic Aleksa , Boza Pal , Milosev Dragisa , Anackov Goran
Published: July 2008

Synecology of the communities of the alliance Thero-Salicornion BrBl. 33 em. Tx. 50 growing on continental salt-affected soils (Banat, Yugoslavia) has been characterized on the basis of area type percentages and life form explanations, using methods of indicative geobotany.
Genetic variability and diversity of corn breeding material originating from domestic and foreign populations determined on the basis of biochemical-genetical markers
Authors: Zlokolica Marija , Milosevic Mirjana , Nikolic Zorica , Vujakovic Milka
Published: July 2008

Isozymes can serve as genetic markers and their number should be large enough in order to make the coverage of genomes as complete as possible and in order to use these methods for gene marking for required agronomic traits. These markers are the products of 21 mapped genes, which is relatively reliable number for their application in mapping for certain agronomic traits. Genetic variability and diversity are significant for populations and for selfpolinated lines as basic material in breeding and creation of new corn hybrids. For that reason, several groups of corn populations of different origin were analyzed. Two groups of Yugoslav populations, Italian, Portuguese and French collections were assessed on the basis of detected alleles of 21 loci and standard genetic distances between genotypes. Yugoslav corn collections had shown high heterozygosity, on the basis of isozymes as gene markers. Genetic diversity of Italian populations was pronounced on the basis of some loci, and the Portuguese populations had more polymorphic and more heterozygous loci than French populations Inter-genetic variability between populations and their geographical location are very important in breeding crops for creation of heterosis.
Selection of black poplars for water use efficiency
Authors: Orlovic Sasa , Pajevic Slobodanka , Krstic Borivoj
Published: July 2008

Photosynthesis, transpiration, water use efficiency (WUE) and biomass production have been investigated in nine black poplar clones (section Aigeiros) in three field experiments. Eastern cottonwood clones (Populus deltoides) had the highest net photosynthesis and water use efficiency. European black poplar clones had the highest transpiration intensity. Correlation analysis showed that net photosynthesis was in a high positive correlation with biomass. Medium negative correlations existed between WUE and net photosynthesis, transpiration and biomass and WUE and biomass. The study showed a pronounced interclonal variability of the physiological and growth characters under study.
Bacterial and mycotic flora of the oral cavity in patients using a postresection prosthesis
Authors: Dzambas Ljubisa , Suvajdzic Ljiljana , Hrvacanin Slobodanka
Published: July 2008

The surgeries in the middle third of the face that distort the anatomic and topographic integrity of the oral cavity, the nose and the sinuses, besides functional damage to these regions, also induce changes in their microfloras of diverse hypothetical combinations. This was the reason to start an investigation on the qualitative and quantitative structure of the microfloras of these regions and their changes. The investigation included 35 patients using a postresection prosthesis. The material for bacteriologic and microbiologic analyses was obtained by single swab sampling from six different localizations, cultured on the blood, TKV, ECV, TYCS, SABOURAND and ENDO agar over 24-48 hours, in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Species belonging to the pyogenic cocci family, enterobacteria, oral streptococci and fungal microflora were detected in both the oral and the postresection cavity. Frequency distribution and Spearman's range correlation coefficient (R = 0.961; SS = 17; 14.280) (p<0.01) reveal the microfloras of the two cavities were almost identical regarding the species/families of the isolated microorganisms.
Identification of viruses infecting pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo L) in Yugoslavia
Authors: Krstic Branka , Berenji Janos , Dukic Natasa , Vico Ivana , Katis Nikolaos , Papavassiliou Chryssa
Published: July 2008

This study was carried out in order to identify the major viruses infecting pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo)grown in Serbia. Leaf samples from virus-infected pumpkin plants were collected in mid-July 2001. Naked-seeded and hulled oil pumpkins, patty pan, zucchini and summer squash from three different locations were included (Table 1). Virus-infected plants showed different symptoms (Table 2 and Figures 1-4). Due to the great variability of the symptoms, the causal viruses could not be fully and precisely determined by visual examination only. The infected samples were tested by the biotest, as well as by two serological methods, ELISA and EBIA. Polyclonal antibodies raised against cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV), watermelon mosaic potyvirus 1 (WMV-1), watermelon mosaic potyvirus 2 (WMV-2) and squash mosaic comovirus (SqMV) were used. In each of the 50 collected samples one or two viruses were detected (Tables 3 and 4). The most prevalent viruses infecting pumpkins were ZYMV (62%) and CMV (58%). WMV-2 was extremely rare.
Clinical effect of ibuprofen as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal disease treatment
Authors: Djuric Milanko
Published: July 2008

Twenty five patients with progresive periodontal disease entered this study in order to examine clinical effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - ibuprofen, used as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment. After scaling and root planning, patients were randomly assigned to either receive orally 200 mg of ibuprofen per day for one month (group A), or not receive the drug (group B). The obtained results show that the mechanical periodontal treatment brought to resolution the gingival inflammation with both group of patients. Although the mean values of the used indices were lower in group A than in group B, those differences were neither statistically nor clinically significant. We may conclude that systemic ibuprofen had no significant effect on plaque, gingival or bleeding index scores.
The influence of sex on the olfactory function in healthy subjects
Authors: Savovic Slobodan , Pilija Vladimir , Lemajic Slobodanka , Buljcik Maja , Nincic Dejan , Ivetic-Petrovic Vesna
Published: July 2008

The sense of smell is the least examined of all senses. The significance of the organs of smell is in their influence on the mental state as well as on the vegetative, visceral and sexual functions. The objective of this experiment was to define the influence of sex on the olfactory function. It was performed on 120 subjects (60 females and 60 males) divided into three age groups (20 - 30; 31 - 40; 41 - 50 years of age). The experiment was carried out by the Fortunato-Niccolini olfactometric method using six odorous experimental substances: A - anethol, PH - phenyl-ethyl-alcohol, C citral, M - menthol, V- vanillin and P - pyridine, the thresholds of perception (TP) and identification (TI) being defined for each odorous substance. The examined females had slightly lower thresholds of perception (TP) and identification (TI) in relation to the males of the same age group. However, the differences were not statistically significant except for the group of subjects between 41 and 50 years of age where the females, being in the pre-menopause, had significantly better olfactory functions. The results can be explained by the weakening of the olfactory power as a result of ageing in both sexes, however, the females still experienced the protective role of sex hormones.
New data about hoverflies diversity (Insecta: Diptera: Syrphidae) on the Fruska Gora mountain, Serbia
Authors: Vujic Ante , Simic Smiljka , Radenkovic Snezana
Published: July 2008

The hoverflies fauna of the Fruska Gora Mountain is well known on account of long-term investigations conducted on the location (1956-2002). Previously, the list of hoverflies had included 203 species (Vujic and Glumac, 1994). Based on new investigations, nomenclature changes and recently published data, the following results were obtained: three species have been recorded for the first time for southeastern Europe, one species for FR Yugoslavia and seven species for the Fruska Gora; seven previously published species have been replaced and seven excluded from the list of the hoverflies fauna of the Fruska Gora; 16 species with recently established junior synonyms and 12 species with new generic names have been noted According to these results,the revised list of hoverflies of the Fruska Gora Mountain now consists of 210 species.
Effects of Mo, Zn, Sr and Ba loads on these elements' uptake and oil content and fatty acid composition of rapeseed
Authors: Kastori Rudolf , Kádár Imre , Sekulic Petar , Zeremski-Skoric Tijana
Published: July 2008

Studied in the present paper were the long-term effects of the application of high Mo, Zn, Sr and Ba rates (0, 90, 270, and 810 kg ha-1 on rapeseed oil content and oil fatty acid composition. The trace elements were applied in the spring of 1991, while the rapeseed was sown on a calcareous ?hernozem soil in 2001. The trace elements differed significantly in their rates of accumulation in rapeseed plants. Relative to the control, the Mo content of the stem increased up to 1,000 times, that of the chaff over 100 times, and that of the seed around 60 times. The levels of the other trace elements increased considerably less relative to the control. The increases were typically twofold to threefold, depending on the plant part involved. The trace elements accumulated the most in the vegetative plant parts, except for Zn, a major quantity of which was found in the seed as well. The application of the high rates of Sr, Zn and, to an extent. Mo reduced the seed oil content of rapeseed. However, the differences were not statistically significant. The application of the trace elements had no significant effect on the fatty acid composition of the rapeseed oil, either. The increased levels of the trace elements found in the rapeseed plants indicate that 11 years after application significant amounts of the applied elements are still present in the soil in a form available to plants. However, the rates were not high enough to affect the synthesis of oil and its fatty acid composition.
Effect of Cd on content and distribution of some macro- and micronutrients in pea plants differing in age
Authors: Kevresan Zarko , Petrovic Novica
Published: July 2008

Contents and distribution of N, K, Mg, Cu, Mn and Zn in pea plants treated with Cd at different age was investigated. Plants were treated with 10-7 or 10-5 M Cd for 48h 25th or 63rd days after seed germination. Results showed that more Cd was accumulated in plants treated with Cd at latter stages of growth and development. Treatments with both concentration of Cd caused accumulation of Cd in roots. Contents and distribution of the investigated macro- and micronutrients depended on Cd concentration and plant age.
Mineral composition of selected Salvia species growing wild in the Vojvodina Province
Authors: Malencic Djordje , Kevresan Zarko , Popovic Milan
Published: July 2008

Composition of mineral elements has been investigated in three Salvia species (Lumiaceae) growing wild in the Vojvodina Province (Serbia), as well as in a commercial phytopreparation (tea) of Salvia officinalis L. We determined concentrations of micro- and macroelements in dried plant material in order to evaluate their nutritive and medicinal value and to indicate an easily accessible natural source that could be used as a possible food supplement. The study showed that the plants were well supplied with essential elements. Concentrations of potentially harmful heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr) were below their respective toxic levels. From the nutritive and medicinal aspects, the investigated Salvia species may be considered as a natural source of essential microelements, especially Fe and Cu, with a low capacity for heavy metal accumulation.
HMW glutenin variation and rye chromatine presence in wheat genome
Authors: Obreht Dragana , Vapa Ljiljana , Davidovic Mihajla
Published: July 2008

For estimation of wheat end-product quality during wheat breeding programs composition of high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW GS) and the presence of 1BL/1RS translations serve as markers due to their profound effects on dough elasticity and viscous properties. Ninety-three wheat genotypes from Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad have been analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in order to determine their HMW GS composition and 1BL/1RS translocation presence. Eleven alleles were found at the Glu-1 loci. Subunits 1 and 2*and the null allele N were determined at the Glu-A1 locus. Subunitis 7, 7+9, 7+8, 6+8, 20 and 21 were found at the Glu-B1 locus, subunits 2+12 and 5+10 at the Glu-D1 locus. The 1BL/1RS translocation was discovered in 28 cultivars, although three of them were heterogeneous.
The effect of use of nitrogen-fixators in forage pea production
Authors: Jokanovic Svetlana , Jarak Mirjana
Published: July 2008

Microorganisms are the most numerous group of living organisms in the pedosphere. They encompass bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, protozoa and lichens. Their numbers amount to several million per one gram of absolutely dry soil while their biomass amounts to 5-20 tons per hectare. The aims of this investigation were to examine the effect of application of root nodule bacteria (single strain, mixture of strains, microbiological fertilizer "Nitragin") on the total number of microorganisms, the numbers of fungi actinomycetes, azotobacters, free nitrogen-fixing bacteria and ammonifiers and the activity of dehydrogenase, as well as how the application of bacteria affects some parameters of nitrogen fixation (dry mater mass, percentage and content of nitrogen). In the variant with "Nitragin", the total number of microorganisms and the numbers of fungi, azotobacters and free N-fixing bacteria increased. The largest number of actino-myceles was found in the variant with the mixture of strains. The largest number of ammonifiers was found in the variant with the single strain. The dehydrogenase activity, dry mater mass, percentage and content of nitrogen were increased in the variants with the single strain and the mixture of strains.
Mineralogical composition of solod
Authors: Nesic Ljiljana , Hadzic Vladimir , Kostic Nikola
Published: July 2008

The objective of the present study was to investigate in detail the mineralogical soil composition in order to obtain a clearer picture of the extent to which it and the related pedogenetic process taking place in locations marked as solods on the R = 1:50,000 soil map of the Vojvodina Province (Nejgebauer et al., 1971) correspond to the solodization process described in the literature. In the profiles of the soils we studied in the regions of western Backa and southern Srem, illite was the dominant clay mineral, but some specific phenomena were also observed that from the pedogenetic point of view are typical of a soil type previously described in the literature (solod), namely the greater contribution of quartz, in the surface horizons of the total soil sample (which is indicative of clay mineral decomposition and destruction), the predominance of illite and kaolinite in the surface horizons of the clay fraction, and the fact that in the Bt,g horizon the kaolinite content decreased considerably and illuviation occurred of chlorite and vermiculite, two highly dispersive minerals from the smectite group.
Effect of humidity on the life cycle and reproduction of Dermacentor reticulatus (Ixodidae) in laboratory mice
Authors: Darabus Gh. , Tibru I. , Orlic Dusan , Cosaroaba I. , Oprescu I.
Published: July 2008

The reproductive cycle of Dermacentor reticulatus (Ixodidae) is described in this paper. Experimental infestation was carried out on immobilized (fixed) RAP mice and those that could move freely. Dermacentor reticulatus (D. pictus) larvae, nymphs and adults were obtained from eggs placed in glass test tubes in two variants: dry medium (T? = 28-30?C, R.H. = 49-51%) and wet medium (T? = 28-31?C, R.H. = 94-95%). In the mice that were experimentally infested with the eggs incubated in wet medium, there were more fixed larvae that came off after sucking (8-786 larvae) compared with 0-7 larvae that were observed in the mice that could move freely. At the same time, more larvae were attached to the immobilized mice (2-786) compared with the number of larvae observed in the mice that could move freely (0-11). Infestation was not registered in the experimental animals that could move freely when the larvae were incubated in the dry medium. Experimental infestation with Dermacentor reticulatus failed in the RAP mice. The infested mice tolerated as much as 786 Dermacentor reticulatus larvae, but they died when 12-30 nymphs were fed on them.
The presence of an arylphorin-type storage protein at different life stages of ostrinia nubilalis - Lepidoptera: Pyralidae
Authors: Taski Ksenija , Stanic Bojana , Grubor-Lajsic Gordana
Published: July 2008

Specific hemolymph proteins, termed storage proteins, are considered to play an important role in amino acid reserves in insects. Arylphorin-type storage proteins exist widely in insects and they appear as major proteins in the larval hemolymph. These proteins are rich in aryl groups and are thought to act as source of aromatic amino acids for protein synthesis during organ differentiation and adult development. In this study, we isolated an arylphorin-type storage protein from the larval hemolymph of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis H ? b n e r (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and named it ostrinin. Using polyclonal antibodies against ostrinin, raised in a mouse and a rabbit, we analyzed the presence of this protein through different stages of the life cycle of O. nubilalis. Our results revealed that ostrinin was present in all life stages of the European corn borer (diapausing and nondiapausing larvae, pupae and adults), except in the eggs.
Allozyme pattern for new record of Craspedacusta sowerbii in Serbia
Authors: Ludoski Jasmina , Milankov Vesna , Radisic Predrag
Published: July 2008

Cosmopolitan freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbii L a n k e s t e r 1880 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) was recorded for the first time in the lake Velika peskara near Zrenjanin (Serbia and Montenegro) in summer 1998. A natural population of C. sowerbii from the lake Velika peskara was analyzed for genetic variability at 9 enzyme loci (Gpi, Hk, Idh-1, Idh-2, Me, Mdh-1 Mdh-2, Pgm and Sod) by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A zymogram indicated that population was monomorphic at all analyzed loci.
Genetically modified soybean plants and their ecosystem
Authors: Milosevic Mirjana , Zlokolica Marija , Sekulic Petar , Jarak Mirjana , Taski Ksenija
Published: July 2008

Transgenic plants are developed by introgressing new genes using methods of molecular genetics and genetic engineering. The presence of these genes in plant genome is identified on the basis of specific oligonucleotides primers, and the use of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and DNA fragments multiplication. Genetically modified plants such as soybean constitute a newly created bioenergetic potential whose gene expression can cause disturbance of the biological balance ecosystem, soil structure and soil microbiological activity. Genetically modified plants may acquire monogenic or polygenic traits causing genetic and physiological changes in these plants, which may elicit a certain reaction of the environment including changes of microbiological composition of soil rhizosphere. The aim of introgressing genes for certain traits into a cultivated plant is to enhance its yield and intensify food production. There are more and more genetically modified plant species such as soybean, corn, potato, rice and others and there is a pressure to use them as human food and animal feed. Genetically modified soybean plants with introgressed gene for resistance to total herbicides, such as Round-up, are more productive than non-modified herbicide-sensitive soybeans.
Variability of anatomical-physiological traits in black locust clones - Robinia pseudoacacia L
Authors: Orlovic Sasa , Pajevic Slobodanka , Krstic Borivoj , Merkulov Ljiljana , Nikolic Natasa , Pilipovic Andrej
Published: July 2008

Variability within R. pseudoacacia species represents an important factor in selection of fast-growing genotypes. Therefore, it is important to identify superior individuals according to their anatomical and physiological traits. This paper presents the results of a study of genotype variability of the main leaf anatomical (frequency, length and width of stomata, leaflet thickness among veins, leaflet thickness on the main vein, mesophyll thickness, length and width of vascular bundle of main vein) and physiological (leaf area, photosynthetic pigments content and content of N P, K, Ca, Na) parameters among five clones of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Significant interclonal variations were observed in the investigated parameters. Clone R-56 had the highest N, P, and K concentrations, the largest mesophyll volume and the highest pigment concentration. We concluded that the clone R-56, although without a remarkable leaf area, possesses the ability for high photosynthetic production. The results are going to be used in further work on selection.
Nutrition of pheasants under conditions of intensive agricultural production in the Vojvodina province
Authors: Jovanovic Vojislav , Orlic Dusan
Published: July 2008

We examined the content of crops in 672 pheasants of both sexes. The pheasants have been shot at all seasons of the year in different hunting grounds in the Vojvodina Province. Out of total number of pheasants, 145 were shot in the spring, 128 in the summer, 229 in the fall and 179 in the winter. The examined pheasant crops contained mostly the seeds of weeds and grasses (62.2%), culminating in the fall (67.7%), and green feed (61.6%), culminating in winter and spring (79.8% and 70.4%, respectively), while the other kinds of feed were found in a considerably smaller number of pheasants. According to the average number of consumed particles, the seeds of weed and grass were in the first place (374 pheasants), culminating in the fall (431 pheasants) while the numbers of particles of other feeds were considerably lower, from 78% to 93%. According to quantity, corn was in the first place with the annual average of 8.4 g that culminated in the winter (11.3 g). The average proportion between the herbal and animal parts in feed was 99.6: 0.4 g in favor of the herbal feed, with seasonal variations from 99.2: 0.8 g in the summer to 99.9: 0.1 g in the winter. Analyzing herbal proportions in feed we saw that generative plant parts prevailed over the vegetative parts (92.0 g and 7.6 g, respectively). The percentage of animal parts present in the rations of pheasants was reduced over last 30 years from 33.5% to 0.4%.
Genetic variability of pheasant (Phasianus spp) in breeding station Ristovaca
Authors: Vapa Ljiljana , Djan Mihajla , Obreht Dragana , Tosovic-Maric Biljana , Vapa Milan , Beukovic Milos
Published: July 2008

One of the possible reasons for pheasant population number decline in past several years might be loss of adaptability in populations originated from breeding stations caused by inbreeding depression. Due to fact that adaptability is a consequence of genetic structure of the populations, the aim of this paper was the analysis of genetic variability in pheasant population from breeding station Ristovaca using molecular markers. Allozyme variability of 20 putative gene loci was detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Polymorphism was revealed in 5 loci: Est-1, Pgd, Sod, Gpi-2 and Odh. The values of genetic variability measures - heterozigosity polymorphism, fixation indices and H/P ratio indicate low level of genetic variability and possible presence of inbreeding depression within pheasant population.
On gene pool divergence of the brown hare (Lepus europaeus, Pallas) in Vojvodina
Authors: Djan Mihajla , Vapa Ljiljana , Obreht Dragana , Vapa Milan , Selmic Vukoman
Published: July 2008

Today it is widely accepted that a conservation of genetic diversity increases chances of animal survival. The aim of this study was investigation of gene pool divergence of the brown hare (Lepus europaeus) in Vojvodina. Allozymic diversity of 60 brown hares from different localities in Vojvodina was studied by polyacrylamide and starch gel electrophoresis at 31 putative structural gene loci. Only five loci: Idh-2, Pgd, Pgm, Es-1 and Es-D were polymorphic, possessing 2 to 6 different alleles. The value of average heterozygosity (Ho) was 0.0427, while polymorphism (P99%) was 8.4%. Nei's values of genetic distance (ranged from 0.000 to 0.029) and modified Roger's distance (ranged from 0.030 to 0.181) were calculated among hare populations. Apart from the relatively high values of heterozygosity and polymorphism, the nuclear gene pool diversity of brown hare population in Vojvodina based on allozyme variation is low and corresponds to the data obtained for the populations in Austria and Central Europe.
Linkage disequlibrium in populations of Merodon avidus A. (Diptera, Syrphidae)
Authors: Milankov Vesna , Ludoski Jasmina , Vujic Ante
Published: July 2008

Analysis of the genetic structure in the populations of Merodon avidus A originated from the Dubasnica Mountain, Serbia (AADUB), Pindos Mountain Greece (AAPIN) and Morinj, Montenegro (AAMOR) was done. Based on the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis out of 16 analyzed loci 10 izozymic loci were monomorphic: Aat, Fum, Hk-2, Hk-3, Idh-2, Mdh-1, Pgm, Sod-1, Sod-2 Sod-3. Nonrandom association between alleles of the Ao and Me in the AAMOR population has been registered. Significant association among alleles of the Ao and Mdh-2 loci in AADUB and Ao and Gpd-2 loci in AAPIN was found as well. Percent of the locus with observed significant gametic disequilibrium was from 16.7% in AAMOR to significant association of the only variable loci pair in AADUB and AAPIN.
Clinical and laboratory investigation of experimentaly infected broilers with CIAV
Authors: Kapetanov Milos , Orlic Dusan , Potkonjak Dubravka , Lazic Sava
Published: July 2008

Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is widespread viral disease in countries with the intensive poultry industry. In susceptible birds CIAV causes anemia subcutaneous and intramuscular hemorrhages, lymphoid tissue atrophy immunosuppression, cachexia and increased mortality. Protection of progeny relies not only on age resistance but also on maternally delivered antibodies (Mabs) so possessing the information on level and persistence of Mabs is of great significance. In our study experimental infection with CIAV was performed on one and seven days old broiler chickens from naturally infected parent flock during the rearing period. In infected birds, clinical signs hematological findings and humoral immune response were examined. After euthanasia, we looked for specific pathomorphological and histopathological changes that indicate the presence of CIAV infection. In all one and seven days old chickens maternally derived antibodies were established. No clinical signs of CIA were observed, hematological findings showed no deviation from referent values, and there were no specific pathomorphological and histopathological changes at postmortem examination. According to previous knowledge, only serological negative flock if infected in time of laying represent risk for vertical transmission to progeny where typical disease with mortality will appear. The absence of Mabs in one day old chickens is critical point in break of disease. Typical clinical picture in day old chickens rises only when vertical transmission occurs.
Ethical and legal dilemmas in infertility treatment
Authors: Dragojevic-Dikic Svetlana , Draganic Saveta , Dikic Srdjan , Pilija Vladimir
Published: July 2008

One of the main characteristics of the new millennium is the affirmation of human rights in all aspects of human existence, with the intention of turning declarative statements into reality. Development of up-to-date assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and their application in infertility treatment have raised numerous ethical, legal, religious, social and other questions. In vitro fertilization, donation of gametes, embryos and pre-embryos, cryopreservation of gametes, embryos, ovarian and testicular tissues, embryo transfer, genetic reproductive techniques, cloning and other sophisticated methods used in infertility treatment require cooperation between the medical and legal professions. Ethical aspects of human reproduction and assisted fertilization are based on full respect of the life of an individual even before conception, from pre-embryo stage, via embryo stage and fetus stage to a newborn infant. Regarding investigative and clinical projects, this standpoint implies the legalization of all ART procedures, unencumbered exchange of information and consensus about their application, and adherence to the basic ethical principles of autonomy benefit, justice and common welfare. Ethical postulates provide unequivocal directions in the creation of new life and resolve all possible ethical dilemmas, protecting the rights of doctors and participant in relevant procedures alike and reasserting the crucial principle - respect of human dignity.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides in soil of Vojvodina
Authors: Pucarevic Mira , Sekulic Petar
Published: July 2008

The paper deals with several groups of compounds that represent the most frequent pollutants of soil in the world. The paper also reviews results of long-term studies conducted at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad on the residues of pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil of the Vojvodina Province. The analyzed samples have been found to contain residues of persistent pesticides and their metabolites lindane and its metabolites 6,20 ?g/kg, alachlor 3,56 ?g/kg, aldrin 2,3 ?g/kg, heptachlor epoxide 0,99 ?g/kg, chlordane 3,82 ?g/kg, DDT and its metabolites 10,77 ?g/kg, dieldrin 2,04 ?g/kg, endrin 3,57 ?g/kg and endrin aldehyde 1,36 ?g/kg. Soil samples from Novi Sad municipality contained 53,69 ?g/kg of DDT and its metabolites. The values of atrazine ranged from 0,0005 to 0,8 mg/kg. The values of PAHs were 6,64 mg/kg in industrial soil, 4,93 mg/kg in agricultural soil, and 4,55 mg/kg and 5,48 mg/kg in the Novi Sad municipality. The lowest value, 0.83 mg/kg, was found for nonagricultural/nonindustrial soils.
Nitrogen volatilization form plants
Authors: Kastori Rudolf
Published: July 2008

In plant nitrogen metabolism, a significant role is played not only by the uptake of nitrogen compounds but also by their release into the environment. One of the ways in which plant nitrogen is released is the volatilization of reduced and oxidized nitrogen forms through the above-ground plant organs. During the growing season, depending on plant species, genotype and environmental conditions, plants may release by volatilization a significant portion of their nitrogen uptake and up to 80 kg of ammonia per hectare. Besides releasing ammonia into the atmosphere, plants also take it up from the atmosphere and thus partially compensate for their ammonia losses by volatilization. These losses can be reduced by plant breeding by developing genotypes with reduced ammonia releases and a more effective reassimilation of the ammonia quantities released. Attempts have been made to reduce the volatilization of nitrogen compounds from the above-ground plant parts by applying physiologically active substances.