bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
eIF4E plays the role of a pathogenic gene in psoriasis, and the inhibition of eIF4E phosphorylation ameliorates psoriasis‐like skin damage
Authors: Wang Ruijie , Yang Luan , Zhen Yunyue , Li Xueqing , Huang Shan , Wen He , Sun Qing
Published: January 2024

Psoriasis is a complex inflammatory skin disease with uncertain pathogenesis. eIF4E (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E) and its phosphorylation state p‐eIF4E are highly expressed in psoriatic tissues. However, the role eIF4E played in psoriasis is still unclear. To investigate the function of eIF4E and p‐eIF4E in psoriasis and to figure out whether eFT‐508 (Tomivosertib, eIF4E phosphorylation inhibitor) can relieve the disease severity and become a promising candidate for the psoriasis treatment. We first verified the expression of eIF4E and p‐eIF4E in psoriasis patients' lesional skin. Then, we demonstrated the effect of eIF4E and p‐eIF4E on the abnormal proliferation and inflammatory state of keratinocytes by using eIF4E‐specific small interfering RNA (si‐eIF4E) and eFT‐508. In this study, all cell experiments were performed under the psoriasis‐model condition. Moreover, the external application of eFT‐508 on imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis mice was performed to explore its potential clinical value. Results showed that eIF4E and p‐eIF4E were significantly overexpressed in skin lesions of psoriasis patients. Knocking down eIF4E or adding eFT‐508 can relieve the abnormal proliferation and the excessive inflammatory state of keratinocytes by reducing the expression of cyclin D1, IL‐1β, CXCL10, IL23, Wnt 5a, NBS1 and p‐AKT from mRNA or protein levels. Furthermore, these results were consistent with those obtained from the in vitro experiments. Then, we conclude that eIF4E plays the role of the pathogenic gene in psoriasis, and eFT‐508 may be a promising candidate for anti‐prosoriasis drugs.
Slower changes in vegetation phenology than precipitation seasonality in the dry tropics
Authors: Tian Jiaqi , Luo Xiangzhong , Xu Hao , Green Julia K. , Tang Hao , Wu Jin , Piao Shilong
Published: January 2024

The dry tropics occupy ~40% of the tropical land surface and play a dominant role in the trend and interannual variability of the global carbon cycle. Previous studies have reported considerable changes in the dry tropical precipitation seasonality due to climate change, however, the accompanied changes in the length of the vegetation growing season (LGS)—the key period of carbon sequestration—have not been examined. Here, we used long‐term satellite observations along with in‐situ flux measurements to investigate phenological changes in the dry tropics over the past 40 years. We found that only ~18% of the dry tropics show a significant (p ≤ .1) increasing trend in LGS, while ~13% show a significant decreasing trend. The direction of the LGS change depended not only on the direction of precipitation seasonality change but also on the vegetation water use strategy (i.e. isohydricity) as an adaptation to the long‐term average precipitation seasonality (i.e. whether the most of LGS is in the wet season or dry season). Meanwhile, we found that the rate of LGS change was on average ~23% slower than that of precipitation seasonality, caused by a buffering effect from soil moisture. This study uncovers potential mechanisms driving phenological changes in the dry tropics, offering guidance for regional vegetation and carbon cycle studies.
Effect of number of medications on the risk of falls among community‐dwelling older adults: A 3‐year follow‐up of the SONIC study
Authors: Yoshida Yuko , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Masui Yukie , Hori Noriko , Inagaki Hiroki , Ito Kae , Ogawa Madoka , Yasumoto Saori , Arai Yasumichi , Kamide Kei , Ikebe Kazunori , Gondo Yasuyuki
Published: January 2024

Aim

This study examined the association between the number of prescribed medications and falls among community‐dwelling older adults.

Methods

We conducted a geriatric comprehensive health‐checkup on community‐dwelling adults aged 69–91 years who participated in the Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, and Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians study. The final analysis of this study included 1,076 participants with complete data. The participants were divided into four groups based on the number of medications at baseline: 0, 1, 2–4, and ≥5. At the 3‐year follow‐up, the participants were asked whether they had fallen in the past year. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the number of medications taken and falls after adjusting for confounding factors.

Results

The prevalence rates of falls were 10.5%, 18.2%, 18.3%, and 19.8% in the no‐medication, one‐medication, comedication, and polypharmacy groups, respectively. In the one‐medication prescription group, 59% of prescriptions were for fall‐risk‐increasing drugs (FRID). Multivariable analysis showed a significantly higher incidence of falls in the one‐medication group (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–3.54), co‐medication (OR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.09–3.29), and polypharmacy groups (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.09–3.45) than in the no‐medication group.

Conclusions

The study showed that polypharmacy, as well as just taking one medication, can affect the occurrence of falls. This suggests that in addition to the number of medications and polypharmacy, the type of medication, such as FRID, affects the risk of falls. Therefore, pharmacotherapy should consider the risk of falls in older adults when prescribing medications. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 306–310.
Living in a multicultural context: Health and integration from the perspective of undocumented Mediterranean migrants, residents, and stakeholders in Italy. A qualitative‐multimethod study
Authors: Figura Mariachiara , Arcadi Paola , Vellone Ercole , Pucciarelli Gianluca , Simeone Silvio , Piervisani Loredana , Alvaro Rosaria
Published: January 2024

Aim

To catch a representative view of a multicultural population's needs.

Design

Qualitative study.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted from July 2022 to January 2023 with the project's stakeholders, migrants, and residents. Data analysis was performed using a multimethod textual analysis technique.

Findings

Territorial barriers, lack of social network, and specific professionals' training emerged as healthcare delivery obstacles. For migrants, language improvement emerged as a health priority. A deep relationship with migrants emerged as a deficiency for residents.

Conclusion

A welcoming project equipped with solid leadership and the right resources can be fundamental in mediating health promotion and integration. In this process, the involvement of the resident population is essential.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Analysing the migrants' needs and the strengths and limitations of a reception system could help identify the challenges for professionals in delivering culturally competent care. In this context, the nurse's role becomes relevant, being responsible for taking charge and caring for the population and the link between professionals and the population.

What Problem Did the Study Address?

The study addressed the problem of improving the overall health of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers, mainly focusing on reception and integration into a new society process.

What Were the Main Findings?

Worse health was identified with adaptation, integration, and family problems. Territorial barriers emerged, hindering good health.

Where and on Whom Will the Research Have An Impact?

These research findings can be valuable for health professionals who want to improve the reception process and enhance a care model integrated with residents.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.

Reporting Method

To describe the research report, we referred to the COREQ checklist (Tong et al., 2007).
Development and implementation of sexual and gender minority curriculum for advanced practice nursing: A feasibility study
Authors: Tsusaki Rebecca , Mullassery Daisy , Ramaswamy Padmavathy
Published: January 2024

Aim

To explore the feasibility of development and implementation of an educational intervention addressing sexual and gender minority healthcare issues; examine recruitment processes and instrument appropriateness.

Design

Non‐randomized feasibility study.

Methods

The educational intervention was developed and implemented in family nurse practitioner courses with data collection from August through December 2022. Clinical preparedness, attitudinal awareness and basic knowledge were measured using the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Development of Clinical Skills Scale.

Results

Development and implementation of the intervention was feasible but will require amendment before progressing to the pilot study. Clinical preparedness and basic knowledge increased post‐intervention, but attitudinal awareness did not improve. Recruitment did not achieve the desired sample size. Instrument internal consistency reliability was confirmed.

Conclusion

Feasibility was established but will require amendment prior to the pilot study.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

To prepare nurses and nurse practitioners to care for sexual and gender minority patients.

Impact

This study addressed the feasibility of developing and implementing a sexual and gender minority healthcare education using an e‐Learning platform. Findings confirm that the intervention was feasible but will require amendment. The intervention increased knowledge and clinical preparedness in caring for this population, but recruitment was challenging. This research will impact nurses, nurse practitioners and nurse educators.

Reporting Method

The authors adhered to the relevant EQUATOR guidelines. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guideline extension for reporting randomized and feasibility guidelines were used.

Public Contribution

Sexual and gender minority community members contributed to the intervention development.

What Does this Paper Contribute to the Wider Global Clinical Community?

The feasibility of using interactive e‐learning educational resources to provide sexual and gender minority healthcare curriculum.

Evidence to support the use of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Development of Clinical Skills Scale to measure learning outcomes.

Trial Registration

This study was not prospectively registered because it was an educational intervention involving graduate student nurses and did not assess clinical outcomes of patients.
The evolution of nutritional care in children and young people with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a narrative review
Authors: Lovell Amy L. , Gardiner Breeana , Henry Louise , Bate Jessica M. , Brougham Mark F. H. , Iniesta Raquel Revuelta
Published: January 2024

Background

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common paediatric malignancy in the world. Advances in treatment protocols have resulted in survival rates of >80% in most high‐income countries (HIC); however, children and young people (CYP) with ALL continue to face significant nutrition‐related challenges during treatment.

Methods

This narrative review outlines the changing landscape of treatment and survivorship for CYP with ALL and the advances in nutrition knowledge that call for changes to clinical nutrition practice.

Results

The incidence of ALL has remained stable in HIC; however, there have been significant advances in survival over the past 30 years. Overweight and obesity are increasingly prevalent in CYP with ALL at diagnosis, during treatment and in survivorship. Coupled with poor diet quality, high‐energy and saturated fat intakes, altered eating behaviours and inactivity, this necessitates the need for a shift in nutrition intervention. Undernutrition remains a concern for CYP with high‐risk treatment protocols where oral or enteral nutrition support remains a cornerstone of maintaining nutrition status.

Conclusions

With improved treatment protocols and high survival rates, a shift to focusing on diet quality, prevention of excessive weight gain and obesity during treatment and survivorship is necessary.
Melatonin suppression by light involves different retinal photoreceptors in young and older adults
Authors: Najjar Raymond P. , Prayag Abhishek S. , Gronfier Claude
Published: January 2024

Age‐related sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances may be due to altered nonvisual photoreception. Here, we investigated the temporal dynamics of light‐induced melatonin suppression in young and older individuals. In a within‐subject design study, young and older participants were exposed for 60 min (0030‐0130 at night) to nine narrow‐band lights (range: 420−620 nm). Plasma melatonin suppression was calculated at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min time intervals. Individual spectral sensitivity of melatonin suppression and photoreceptor contribution were predicted for each interval and age group. In young participants, melanopsin solely drove melatonin suppression at all time intervals, with a peak sensitivity at 485.3 nm established only after 15 min of light exposure. Conversely, in older participants, spectral light‐driven melatonin suppression was best explained by a more complex model combining melanopsin, S‐cone, and M‐cone functions, with a stable peak (~500 nm) at 30, 45, and 60 min of light exposure. Aging is associated with a distinct photoreceptor contribution to melatonin suppression by light. While in young adults melanopsin‐only photoreception is a reliable predictor of melatonin suppression, in older individuals this process is jointly driven by melanopsin, S‐cone, and M‐cone functions. These findings offer new prospects for customizing light therapy for older individuals.
Prevalence of subclinical infectious agents in a blood donor population tested on every donation
Authors: Correia B. , Magalhães A. , Rocha L. , Cardoso I. , Ferreira R. R. F. , Mesa‐Sanchez I.
Published: January 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of blood‐borne infectious agents in healthy, client‐owned dogs from a blood donor population in Portugal and Spain, and to address the importance of a screening protocol on every donation.

Materials and Methods

Client‐owned healthy dogs were tested before each donation on a veterinary blood bank. Blood samples from new potential donors, and from regular donors, were tested by real‐time polymerase chain reaction for Leishmania species, Ehrlichia species, Brucella species, Babesia species and Anaplasma species Serological tests were also performed for Leishmania species, Ehrlichia species and Dirofilaria immitis. All donors were tested for every infectious agent in each donation.

Results

The study found that out of a total of 8036 donors and 35,120 samples tested, 3.9% of blood donors tested positive for at least one of the agents, with the most prevalent being Anaplasma species (2.1%). Serological tests also revealed positive results in 14.0% of donors, with the highest percentage for Leishmania species (7.7%). Moreover, the study found that 28.2% of positive results were from dogs with negative results in donations performed 3 to 12 months before, and 18.0% of positive results were recent infections.

Clinical Significance

These findings indicate a high prevalence of infectious agents in seemingly healthy, selected dogs eligible to become blood donors in the Iberian Peninsula, highlighting the importance of regular testing on every donation. This study emphasises the importance of a regular screening protocol for every donation instead of annual testing, as is commonly performed in veterinary medicine.
Estimating vigilance from the pre‐work shift sleep using an under‐mattress sleep sensor
Authors: Manners Jack , Kemps Eva , Guyett Alisha , Stuart Nicole , Lechat Bastien , Catcheside Peter , Scott Hannah
Published: January 2024

Predicting vigilance impairment in high‐risk shift work occupations is critical to help to reduce workplace errors and accidents. Current methods rely on multi‐night, often manually entered, sleep data. This study developed a machine learning model for predicting vigilance errors based on a single prior sleep period, derived from an under‐mattress sensor. Twenty‐four healthy volunteers (mean [SD] age = 27.6 [9.5] years, 12 male) attended the laboratory on two separate occasions, 1 month apart, to compare wake performance and sleep under two different lighting conditions. Each condition occurred over an 8 day protocol comprising a baseline sleep opportunity from 10 p.m. to 7 a.m., a 27 h wake period, then daytime sleep opportunities from 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. on days 3–7. From 12 a.m. to 8 a.m. on each of days 4–7, participants completed simulated night shifts that included six 10 min psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) trials per shift. Sleep was assessed using an under‐mattress sensor. Using extra‐trees machine learning models, PVT performance (reaction times <500 ms, reaction, and lapses) during each night shift was predicted based on the preceding daytime sleep. The final extra‐trees model demonstrated moderate accuracy for predicting PVT performance, with standard errors (RMSE) of 19.9 ms (reaction time, 359 [41.6]ms), 0.42 reactions/s (reaction speed, 2.5 [0.6] reactions/s), and 7.2 (lapses, 10.5 [12.3]). The model also correctly classified 84% of trials containing ≥5 lapses (Matthews correlation coefficient = 0.59, F1 = 0.83). Model performance is comparable to current fatigue prediction models that rely upon self‐report or manually entered data. This efficient approach may help to manage fatigue and safety in non‐standard work schedules.
A note on the embeddability conditions in the case of integrated carma (2, 1) stochastic process with single and double zero roots
Authors: Andric Vladimir , Nenadovic Sanja
Published: January 2024

We derive embeddability conditions for the integrated CARMA (2, 1) stochastic process with single and double zero roots in the case of stock variables.
Realities of comfort and discomfort in the heritage language classroom: Looking to transformative positive psychology for juggling a double‐edged sword
Authors: Driver Meagan
Published: January 2024

As emotions research in the field of second language acquisition continues to evolve, it is equally important to explore the impact of social–emotional variables that are specifically relevant to heritage language (HL) contexts. Anchoring on foundations in critical heritage language education (HLE), this study examines the discomforts of the HL classroom from a diverse heritage speaker (HS) perspective. Additionally, comforts that support the HL classroom as a safe space for emotional security and well‐being for HSs across HLs are explored. Examining the HL classroom from the perspective of HL practices and knowledge systems, this study ultimately aims to: (a) outline the emotional complexity of HL pedagogical spaces, and (b) provide concrete and meaningful recommendations for supporting HS well‐being and HL development from a transformative positive psychology lens. Data for the current qualitative study were provided through two separate methodologies. First, 64 HSs of Spanish responded to a qualitative questionnaire probing the emotional reactions and memories instigated by authentic HL classroom reading material on sensitive topics of racism, bilingualism, and immigration. The themes identified in written narrative data through an inductive thematic approach were then used as a foundation for semistructured interviews with language learners (n = 6) and educators (n = 8) from eight different HL backgrounds. Findings revealed feelings of comfort and discomfort, and even trauma and healing, in HLE spaces rooted in (a) language learning experiences, (b) social memories of (dis)comfort, and (c) intergenerational histories. Together, the data suggest how the HL classroom can act both as a trigger of social injustice, linguistic insecurity, and family conflict and, at the same time, as a space instigating affective reactions associated with social rebellion, linguistic confidence, intergenerational healing, and emotional refuge. Specific pedagogical recommendations are made to equip educators with a concrete toolkit for the HL classroom.
Clinical characteristics, bacterial coinfections and outcomes in COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis in a third‐level Mexican hospital during the COVID‐19 pre‐vaccination era
Authors: Hernández‐Silva Graciela , Corzo‐León Dora E. , Becerril‐Vargas Eduardo , Peralta‐Prado Amy Bethel , Odalis Rodríguez‐Ganes , Morales‐Villarreal Fernando , Ríos‐Ayala Martin Armando , Alonso Tortoriello‐Garza , Agustín Fernández‐López David , Ramón Avilez‐Félix , Hugo Ahumada‐Topete Víctor
Published: January 2024

Background

Damage due to respiratory viruses increases the risk of bacterial and fungal coinfections and superinfections. High rates of invasive aspergillosis are seen in severe influenza and COVID‐19. This report describes CAPA cases diagnosed during the first wave in the biggest reference centre for severe COVID‐19 in Mexico.

Objectives

To describe the clinical, microbiological and radiological characteristics of patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis associated with critical COVID‐19, as well as to describe the variables associated with mortality.

Methods

This retrospective study identified CAPA cases among individuals with COVID‐19 and ARDS, hospitalised from 1 March 2020 to 31 March 2021. CAPA was defined according to ECMM/ISHAM consensus criteria. Prevalence was estimated. Clinical and microbiological characteristics including bacterial superinfections, antifungal susceptibility testing and outcomes were documented.

Results

Possible CAPA was diagnosed in 86 patients among 2080 individuals with severe COVID‐19, representing 4.13% prevalence. All CAPA cases had a positive respiratory culture for Aspergillus species. Aspergillus fumigatus was the most frequent isolate (64%, n = 55/86). Seven isolates (9%, n = 7/80) were resistant to amphotericin B (A. fumigatus n = 5/55, 9%; A. niger, n = 2/7, 28%), two A. fumigatus isolates were resistant to itraconazole (3.6%, n = 2/55). Tracheal galactomannan values ranged between 1.2 and 4.05, while serum galactomannan was positive only in 11% (n = 3/26). Bacterial coinfection were documented in 46% (n = 40/86). Gram negatives were the most frequent cause (77%, n = 31/40 isolates), from which 13% (n = 4/31) were reported as multidrug‐resistant bacteria. Mortality rate was 60% and worse prognosis was seen in older persons, high tracheal galactomannan index and high HbA1c level.

Conclusions

One in 10 individuals with CAPA carry a resistant Aspergillus isolate and/or will be affected by a MDR bacteria. High mortality rates are seen in this population.
MHO or MUO? White adipose tissue remodeling
Authors: Zhao Jing Yi , Zhou Li Juan , Ma Kai Le , Hao Rui , Li Min
Published: January 2024

In this review, we delve into the intricate relationship between white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling and metabolic aspects in obesity, with a specific focus on individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). WAT is a highly heterogeneous, plastic, and dynamically secreting endocrine and immune organ. WAT remodeling plays a crucial role in metabolic health, involving expansion mode, microenvironment, phenotype, and distribution. In individuals with MHO, WAT remodeling is beneficial, reducing ectopic fat deposition and insulin resistance (IR) through mechanisms like increased adipocyte hyperplasia, anti‐inflammatory microenvironment, appropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, appropriate vascularization, enhanced WAT browning, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SWAT) deposition. Conversely, for those with MUO, WAT remodeling leads to ectopic fat deposition and IR, causing metabolic dysregulation. This process involves adipocyte hypertrophy, disrupted vascularization, heightened pro‐inflammatory microenvironment, enhanced brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening, and accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VWAT) deposition. The review underscores the pivotal importance of intervening in WAT remodeling to hinder the transition from MHO to MUO. This insight is valuable for tailoring personalized and effective management strategies for patients with obesity in clinical practice.
Inverse ratio ventilation versus conventional ratio ventilation during one lung ventilation in neonatal open repair of esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Youssef Azza M. , El‐Ozairy Hala S. , El‐Hennawy Ahmed M. , Amer Akram M.
Published: January 2024

Background

Maintaining oxygenation during neonatal open repair of esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula is difficult. Inverse ratio ventilation can be used during one lung ventilation to improve the oxygenation and lung mechanics.

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe the impact of two different ventilatory strategies (inverse ratio ventilation vs. conventional ratio ventilation) during one lung ventilation in neonatal open repair of esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula on the incidence of oxygen desaturation episodes.

Methods

We enrolled 40 term neonates undergoing open right thoracotomy for esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula repair and randomly assigned into two groups based on inspiratory to expiratory ratio of mechanical ventilation parameters (2:1 in inverse ratio ventilation “IRV” and 1:2 in conventional ratio ventilation “CRV”). The incidence of desaturation episodes that required stopping the procedure and reinflation of the lung were recorded as the primary outcome while hemodynamic parameters, incidence of complications, and length of surgical procedure were recorded as the secondary outcomes.

Results

There was a trend toward a reduction in the incidence of severe desaturations (requiring stopping of surgery) with the use of inverse ratio ventilation (15% in IRV vs. 35% in CRV, RR [95% CI] 0.429 [0.129–1.426]). Incidence of all desaturations (including those requiring only an increase in ventilatory support or inspired oxygen saturation) was also reduced (40% in IRV vs. 75% in CRV, RR [95% CI] 0.533 [0.295–0.965]). This in turn affected the length of surgical procedure being significantly shorter in inverse ratio ventilation group (mean difference −16.3, 95% CI −31.64 to −0.958). The intraoperative fraction of inspired oxygen required to maintain adequate oxygen saturation was significantly lower in the inverse ratio ventilation group than in the conventional ratio ventilation group (mean difference −0.22, 95% CI −0.33 to −0.098), with no significant difference in hemodynamic stability or complications apart from higher blood loss in inverse ratio group.

Conclusion

There may be a role for inverse ratio ventilation with appropriate positive end‐expiratory pressure to reduce the incidence of hypoxemia during open repair of esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula in neonates, further studies are required to establish the safety and efficacy of this technique.
Comparison of preformed microcuff and preformed uncuffed endotracheal tubes in pediatric cleft palate surgery—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kamaladevi Rithu Krishna , Mishra Sandeep Kumar , Rudingwa Priya , Mohapatra Devi Prasad , Badhe Ashok Shankar , Senthilnathan Muthapillai
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims

Airway management in children with oral cleft surgery carries unique challenges, concerning the proximity of the surgical site and the tracheal tube. We hypothesized that using a Microcuff oral RAE tube would reduce tube exchange and migration rate. We aimed to compare the performance of Microsoft and uncuffed oral performed tracheal tubes in children undergoing cleft palate surgeries regarding the rate of tracheal tube exchange, endobronchial intubation, and ventilatory parameters.

Methods

One hundred children scheduled for cleft palate surgery were randomized into two groups. In the uncuffed group (n = 50), the tracheal tube was selected using the Modified Coles formula, and in the Microcuff (n = 50) group, the manufacturer's recommendations were followed. Intraoperatively, we compared the primary outcome of tube exchange using the chi‐square test. The leak pressure and ventilatory parameters after head extension and mouth gag application were measured in both groups.

Results

The tracheal tube exchange rate was significantly lower in the Microcuff group (0/50) than in uncuffed (19/50) preformed tubes (0 vs. 38% respectively; p <.001). The uncuffed and Microcuff tracheal tube were comparable concerning ventilation parameters and leak pressure of finally placed tubes (17.78 ± 3.95 vs. 19.26 ± 3.81 cm H2O respectively, with a mean difference (95% CI) of −1.48 (−0.01–2.98); p‐value =0.059. Cuff pressure did not vary significantly during the initial hour, and the incidence of postoperative airway morbidity between uncuffed and Microcuff tube was comparable, 5/50 (10%) versus 7/50 (14%) with risk ratio (95% CI) of 0.71(0.24–2.1), p value .49.

Conclusion

Microcuff oral preformed tubes performed better than uncuffed tubes regarding tube exchange during cleft palate surgery.
Spinal cord stimulation for the symptomatic treatment of rigidity and painful spasm in a case of stiff person syndrome
Authors: Patel Janus , Deschler Emily , Galang Enrique
Published: January 2024

Background

Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is a rare neuroimmunological disorder characterized by rigidity and painful spasm primarily affecting the truncal and paraspinal musculature due to autoimmune‐mediated neuronal hyperexcitability. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an approved therapy for managing painful neuropathic conditions, including diabetic peripheral neuropathy and refractory angina pectoris. We describe the novel use of SCS for the treatment of spasm and rigidity in a 49‐year‐old man with seropositive stiff person syndrome (SPS). The patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and oral medications over a 13‐month period with minimal improvement, prompting consideration of SCS. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the successful use of SCS in SPS with the demonstration of multifaceted clinical improvement.

Methods

Following a successful temporary SCS trial, permanent implantation was performed. Spasm/stiffness (Distribution of Stiffness Index; Heightened Sensitivity Scale; Penn Spasm Frequency Scale, PSFS), disability (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI; Pain Disability Index, PDI), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, PHQ‐9), sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale, FSS), pain (Numerical Pain Rating Scale, NPRS), quality of life (EuroQoL 5 Dimension 5 Level, EQ‐5D‐5L), and medication usage were assessed at baseline, 6‐month, and 10‐month postimplantation.

Results

ODI, PHQ‐9, FSS, NPRS, PSQI, and EQ‐5D‐5L scores showed a notable change from baseline and surpassed the defined minimal clinically important difference (MCID) at 6‐month and 10‐month follow‐up. Oral medication dosages were reduced.

Conclusions

The novel use of SCS therapy in seropositive SPS resulted in functional improvement and attenuation of symptoms. We present possible mechanisms by which SCS may produce clinical response in patients with SPS and aim to demonstrate proof‐of‐concept for a future comprehensive pilot study evaluating SCS‐mediated response in SPS.
We see symbols but not saviors: Women's representation and the political attitudes of working‐class women
Authors: Kweon Yesola
Published: January 2024

How does women's representation in politics affect working‐class women's attitudes toward political processes? Despite their increasing presence in the workforce, many women continue to concentrate in occupational sectors characterized by high economic vulnerability and low social status. This dynamic has important implications for the politics of representation. Previous studies suggest that women politicians positively affect women voters' political attitudes, but women's representation in politics is likely to have differing impacts on the political attitudes of working‐class and professional women. This study demonstrates that women's representation has a large class impact among women voters. In particular, using cross‐national data from 31 OECD countries as well as panel survey data from the British Election Study, we show that in countries with a higher degree of women's representation, there is more skepticism among women in low‐skill sectors toward voting and leadership than among those in white‐collar sectors. This is because there exist higher standards of accountability and relatability for women representatives among women voters. Given such high expectations, there is greater room for dissatisfaction among working‐class women than among their white‐collar counterparts when they constantly experience occupational segregation despite a high share of women in politics. In these settings, by contrast, women voters with high‐skill jobs are more likely to believe that voting and leadership matter, as they can better associate themselves with women political elites. Since men voters do not have strong expectations for relatability and accountability for public officeholders, the class impact of women's representation is weak among men. These findings have important implications for the symbolic representation of marginalized groups and democratic accountability.
Cliquepolitik: Multimodal online discourse coalitions on CRISPR‐Cas genome editing technology
Authors: Rojas‐Padilla Eduardo , Metze Tamara , Dewulf Art
Published: January 2024

The influence of visualizations on decision‐making about controversial policy issues is increasingly recognized in the political and policy sciences. In this paper, we explore how combinations of visuals and text on Twitter (now X) lead to the formation of networks of actors sharing similar textual and visual framings about a policy issue in an online setting, which we conceptualize as Multimodal Online Discourse Coalitions (MODCs). MODCs struggle over the meaning of contested policy issues. We examine multiple MODCs in 2018 in the context of the regulatory decisions in that year about CRISPR‐Cas gene editing technology in the USA, Mercosur, and the EU. Based on an SNA and a qualitative visual and discursive analysis in three languages on Twitter in 2018 (covering in total ~ 427 k Tweets), we show that MODCs in English and Spanish focused on technocratic aspects of CRISPR‐Cas, resembling the regulatory decisions in the USA and Mercosur. In Europe, next to technocratic MODCs, an MODC in French formed around ethical/normative framings of the consequences of CRISPR‐Cas applications, using visuals of embryos to represent “GMO babies.” These visuals were emotional triggers in their framing of CRISPR technology. The ethical/normative framing reflected the argument brought to the CJEU by a group of French actors involved in the court case which categorized CRISPR‐Cas as a GMO technology in the EU. These results suggest that the French MODC and their visualization was of influence on the EU decision‐making process; however, more research is needed to verify the role of this online debate in the decision‐making process.
Cultural consumption and equality of access during economic downturns: The expenditure Gini coefficient for South Africa
Authors: Snowball Jen , Gouws Andre
Published: January 2024

An important social development goal is to broaden access, especially equality of access, to arts, culture and heritage. This paper used large, national‐level data sets to investigate the equality of access to cultural and creative goods and services in South Africa by calculating an expenditure Gini coefficient for cultural and creative industries. Results showed that the Gini coefficient of expenditure for the cultural and creative industries was higher than for spending overall and rose during the 2009 financial crisis. From 2011 to 2021, cultural expenditure inequality trended upwards, but during the pandemic, it declined, perhaps as a result of an expansion of online access.
The causal relationship between psoriasis and artificial joint re‐operation after arthroplasty: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Hongzhi , Song Xinqiu , Li Chuiqing , Zhang Hongmei
Published: January 2024

Background

Psoriasis is observationally associated with a higher risk of complications of arthroplasty; however, the causal effects of psoriasis on complications of arthroplasty are yet to be established. This study was to explore the causal effect of psoriasis on artificial joint re‐operation after arthroplasty through two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

In the MR analysis, psoriasis was selected as the exposure in this study while single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) were selected as the instrumental variables (IVs). Summary statistics data on artificial joint re‐operation was extracted from publicly available GWAS data, including 218 792 European descent individuals. MR analysis was performed using the standard inverse variance weighted method (IVW). Furthermore, MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode, and the MR‐PRESSO (Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier) test were also done to verify the results. Finally, the sensitivity analysis was executed.

Results

The IVW showed that psoriasis increases the risk of artificial joint re‐operation (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = (1.01, 1.25); p = 0.036). This outcome was also verified by other methods including weighted median (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = (1.03, 1.31); p = 0.015), MR Egger (OR = 1.22; 95% CI = (1.03, 1.44); p = 0.038), and weighted mode (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = (1.03, 1.30); p = 0.025). No heterogeneity and directional pleiotropy were observed upon sensitivity analysis.

Conclusion

The present study showed that psoriasis has a potential causal effect on artificial joint re‐operation after arthroplasty. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of causal associations between psoriasis on re‐operation.
Phylogeny and biogeography of the sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae)
Authors: Feng Ling , Takiya Daniela M. , Krishnankutty Sindhu M. , Dietrich Christopher H. , Zhang Yalin
Published: January 2024

Sharpshooters (Cicadellinae), a large subfamily of the Cicadellidae, exhibit a global distribution and a broad array of ecological preferences. To explore the phylogenetic relationships and roles of global historical, biotic and biogeographic processes in the diversification of sharpshooters, we analysed DNA sequence data from three mitochondrial and two nuclear genes for 243 taxa representing all Cicadellinae tribes, generic groups, regional faunas and data of geographic distributions of sharpshooter species compiled from online databases and available literature. The maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses strongly support the monophyletic clade including Cicadellinae and Phereurininae. Divergence time estimates and biogeographic analyses suggest that sharpshooters originated in the Neotropical region or were more widespread in Gondwana during the Early Cretaceous and diversified through a combination of ancient vicariance and dispersal following the evolution of angiosperm‐dominated habitats. The earliest divergence during the Cretaceous gave rise to Oriental and New World lineages, the latter of which subsequently dispersed into the Old World and gave rise to the diverse endemic fauna of Madagascar. The Oriental lineage shows high diversity and endemism in tropical Asia and the Pacific, with striking distributional discontinuities in Wallacea. These results suggest that a combination of environmental and evolutionary factors including continental‐scale vicariance, long‐distance dispersal and diversification of terrestrial microhabitats and host plants may explain the diversity of the modern sharpshooter fauna.
Homeless Clients' Circulation in Emergency Care: Rethinking Poverty Governance as Urban Impasse
Authors: Krüger Daniela
Published: January 2024

Studies concerned with how local states govern the urban poor have long focused on the state's attempts to control, criminalise and exclude individuals from public spaces. Researchers recently shifted this focus; they increasingly engage with organisations and front‐line practices relating to care. Underlying these analyses is the question of how urban governance rubs off on front‐line work and conditions for the urban poor. In their research, scholars rarely study through which organisational mechanisms front‐line workers and clients encounter each other. This article addresses 112 calls issued for unhoused individuals by third parties in Urgencity, a city in Germany. It sheds light on institutional and everyday logics that regularly bring third parties, emergency care front‐line workers and marginalised clients into contact. These calls often blur boundaries of illness and poverty and care and control and result in clients' circulation in emergency care: an urban impasse for front‐line workers.
Evidence‐based approach to mitigate cumulative stress in pediatric nurses through the development of respite rooms
Authors: Beardsley Elaine , Patton Lindsey , Reynolds Chelsea , Williams Alexis , Hernandez Emily , Chen Pauline , Tidwell Jerithea
Published: January 2024

Background

The cumulative stress toll on nurses increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic. An evidence‐based practice (EBP) project was conducted to understand what is known about the impacts of cumulative stress within nursing and if there are ways to mitigate stress during a nurse's shift.

Aim/Implementation

A project team from three clinical units completed an extensive literature review and identified the need to promote detachment while supporting parasympathetic recovery. Based on this review, leaders from three pediatric clinical units (neonatal intensive care unit, cardiovascular intensive care unit, and acute pulmonary floor) implemented respite rooms.

Outcomes

Follow‐up outcomes showed a statistically significant stress reduction. For all shifts combined, the Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank Test revealed that perceived stress scores from an 11‐point Likert scale (0 = no stress and 10 = maximum perceived stress) were significantly lower in the post‐respite room (Md = 3, n = 68) compared to in the pre‐respite room (Md = 6, n = 68), Z = −7.059, p < .001, with a large effect size, r = .605. Nurses and other staff frequently utilized respite rooms during shifts.

Implications for Practice

Clinical inquiry and evidence‐based practice processes can mitigate cumulative stress and support staff wellbeing. Respite rooms within the hospital can promote a healthy work environment among nurses and promote a self‐care culture change. Evidence‐based strategies to mitigate cumulative stress using respite rooms are a best practice to promote nurse wellbeing and mitigate cumulative stress.
A 200-year-long miscognition: Castanopsis cuspidata (Fagaceae) does not occur on the Korean Peninsula
Authors: JANG Young-Jong , LEE Eun-Do , GANTSETSEG Amarsanaa , SON Dong Chan , CHUNG Gyu Young , HAN Eun-Kyeong , LEE Jung-Hyun
Published: January 2024

There has been no doubt over the past approximately 200 years that Castanopsis cuspidata is distributed on the Korean Peninsula. Nevertheless, our empirical observations prompt us to question its presence in this region. To clarify whether C. cuspidata occurs on the Korean Peninsula, we investigated specimens from herbaria, literature related to its distribution, and an officially recorded C. cuspidata forest of a Natural Monument on Yokjido Island. Based on our research findings, we provide a taxonomic key highlighting morphological differences especially the rachis of the infructescence and the tubercles of cupule between C. cuspidata and C. sieboldii. We concluded that it is more likely that C. cuspidata is not distributed on the Korean Peninsula. Furthermore, all the trees in the officially recorded natural monument C. cuspidata forest on Yokjido Island were found to be C. sieboldii. The miscognition may have gradually solidified over time due to a series of misidentifications of C. sieboldii. It began Wenzig's documentation (1886) of Wilford's specimen collection (1859) for Quercus cuspidata (= C. cuspidata) on Geomun Island in a historical context when the distinction between C. cuspidata and C. sieboldii had not yet been established. Additionally, our study suggests that the misidentification of organisms can have an impact beyond medicine and pharmacology, extending even into human culture.
Evergreen forests on the Korean Peninsula faced a new threat: Schizomyia castanopsisae (Jat-bam-na-mu-hok-pa-ri) inducing galls on reproductive organs of Castanopsis sieboldii in the Yokjido Island Natural Monument Forest
Authors: LEE Eun-Do , CHOI Jeong-Hwan , EUO Seung-Su , KIM Il-Kwon , JANG Young-Jong , SO Soonku , SON Dong Chan , GANTSETSEG Amarsanaa , JEONG Hyo-Jin , HAN Eun-Kyeong , LEE Jung-Hyun
Published: January 2024

Unnoticed and silently, a certain midge has emerged that could pose a threat to the evergreen forests on the Korean Peninsula and the associated island ecosystems. We report the discovery of an unrecorded species on the Korean Peninsula, identified as Schizomyia castanopsisae Elsayed & Tokuda, 2018 (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). This previously unrecorded gall midge species induces galls on a reproductive organ of Castanopsis sieboldii, specifically the inflorescences, and was found in the natural monument forest on Yokjido Island. A total of 40 larvae were collected from 8 inflorescence galls, each obtained from individual hosts within the forest. Morphological examinations and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) region sequencing were conducted for each specimen, confirming the identification of the gall inducer as S. castanopsisae. The COI sequences from the 40 specimens collected on Yokjido Island were identical, showing a 99.8% match with individuals from Kyushu, Japan. Additionally, a maximum likelihood tree analysis revealed a sister relationship between Yokjido Island and Kyushu individuals. Considering the tropical nature of gall midge species, it suggests recent northward migration from Kyushu to Yokjido Island. This species not only significantly reduces acorn production but also has the potential to negatively impact organisms associated with acorns. Drawing from cases in Japan, this species has the potential to rapidly dominate evergreen broad-leaved forests on numerous islands in the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, urgent additional research on aspects such as natural enemies of this species, its dispersal mechanisms, and other relevant factors is necessary. We also investigated the distribution of trees with inflorescences gall-induced by S. castanopsisae in the Yokjido Island Natural Monument Forest. The occurrence frequency of these galls is estimated to be approximately 10 percent.
Two new alien records of Hordeum jubatum (Poaceae) and Tripleurospermum inodorum (Asteraceae) in Mongolia
Authors: UNDRUUL Altangerel , MUNKHTULGA Dariganga , BAASANMUNKH Shukherdorj , OYUNTSETSEG Batlai , TSEGMED Zagarjav , SER-ODDAMBA Byambadorj , CHOI Hyeok Jae
Published: January 2024

Hordeum jubatum L. and Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. are currently recorded as non-native in the flora of Mongolia. Hordeum jubatum can easily be distinguished from other Mongolian Hordeum species by its glumes that are much (usually more than 10×) longer than the floret. Tripleurospermum inodorum differs from T. limosum (Maxim.) Pobed. by its annual or biennial plants without rhizomes, branched stems, and capitulae. The present study provides descriptions, a distribution map, taxonomic keys, taxonomic notes, and photographic illustrations of the two species based on newly collected samples.