bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Novel 7-O- and 14-O-Derivatives of Glaucocalyxin A
Authors: Liu Hong-Chuan , Qiao Li-Ming , Zheng Wei , Xiang Zhao-Bao , Chen Hai-Sheng , Yu Shi-Chong , Zhang Da-Zhi , Wang Ting , Zhang Yue-Fan , Jin Yong-Sheng
Published: March 2020

Background:

Rabdosia japonica has been historically used in China as a popular folk medicine for
the treatment of cancer, hepatitis, and gastricism. Glaucocalyxin A (GLA), an ent-kaurene diterpene isolated
from Rabdosia japonica, is one of the main active ingredients showing potent inhibitory effects against several
types of tumor cells. To the best of our knowledge, studies regarding the structural modification and Structure-
Activity Relations (SAR) of this compound have not yet been reported.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to discover more potent derivatives of GLA and investigate their SAR and
cytotoxicity mechanisms.

Methods:

Novel 7-O- and 14-O-derivatives of GLA were synthesized by condensation of acids or acyl chloride.
The anti-tumor activities of these derivatives against various human cancer cell lines were evaluated in vitro by
MTT assays. Apoptosis assays of compound 17 (7,14-diacylation product) were performed on A549 and HL-60
cells by flow cytometry and TUNNEL. The acute toxicity of this compound was tested on mice, at the dose of
300mg per kg body weight.

Results:

Seventeen novel 7-O- and 14-O-derivatives of GLA (1-17) were synthesized. These compounds
showed potent cytotoxicity against the tested cancer cell lines, and almost all of them were found to be more
cytotoxic than GLA and oridonin. Of the synthesized derivatives, compound 17 presented the greatest cytotoxicity,
with IC50 values of 0.26μM and 1.10μM in HL-60 and CCRF-CEM cells, respectively. Furthermore, this
compound induced weak apoptosis of A549 cells but showed great potential in stimulating the apoptosis of HL-
60 cells. Acute toxicity assays indicated that compound 17 is relatively safer.

Conclusion:

The results reported herein indicate that the synthesized GLA derivatives exhibited greater cytotoxicity
against leukemia cells than against other types of tumors. In particular, 7,14-diacylation product of GLA was
found to be an effective anti-tumor agent. However, the cytotoxicity mechanism of this product in A549 cells is
expected to be different than that in other tumor cell lines. Further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Clinical Effectiveness of a High Dose Versus the Standard Dose of Meropenem in Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Caused by Multidrugresistant Bacteria: A Randomized, Single-blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Monajati Mahila , Ala Shahram , Aliyali Masoud , Ghasemian Roya , Heidari Fatemeh , Ahanjan Mohammad , Moradi Siavash , Sharifpour Ali , Mojtahedzadeh Mojtaba , Salehifar Ebrahim
Published: March 2020

Background:

Meropenem standard doses are based on the minimum inhibitory concentration
of sensitive pathogens and the pharmacokinetic parameter of not critically ill patients. We
compared the efficacy of high versus standard dose of meropenem in ventilator-associated pneumonia
(VAP).

Methods:

24 out of 34 eligible patients were randomized to receive meropenem 3 g q8h (high dose
group, 11 patients) or 2 g q8h (standard-dose group, 13 patients) as a 3h infusion. The primary outcome
was considered as clinical success that was defined as stable hemodynamic, improved sequential
organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, stable or improved PaO2/FiO2 after 7 days. Sputum
culture was taken before the intervention.

Results:

Clinical success rate was not significantly different between the high and standard-dose
group (54.5% vs. 38.5%, P= 0.431). There was a significant difference in the reduction of clinical
pulmonary infection score (CPIS) compared to a high dose to the standard group (P=0.038). SOFA
score declined significantly in the high dose group throughout the study (P=0.006). A shorter duration
of VAP treatment was recorded in the high dose group (P=0.061). We did not observe any significant
adverse event related to meropenem. Acinetobacter spp. (34.8%), Klebsiella spp. (32.6%)
and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.5%) isolated more frequently from sputum cultures.

Conclusion:

Treatment with the high dose of meropenem seems to be safe. However, it did not provide
a significantly higher clinical success rate in comparison with the standard dose, but could be
considered as an appropriate empirical treatment in patients with severe infection due to reduction
in SOFA and CPIS.
The trial protocol was registered with IRCT.ir (registration number IRCT2010010700 3014N19 in
April 2018).
Utilization of Plant Derived Metallic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Sharma Akanksha , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Malviya Rishabha
Published: March 2020

Aim:

The aim of the manuscript is to summarize various biomedical applications of metallic
nanoparticles that are synthesized using herbal components.

Methodology:

Various search engines such as google, sciencedirect, scopusetc were utilized for the literature survey. The literature survey was focused on the different parts of plants like leaves, stem, root, fruit and flowers as a source of therapeutic active component and their utilization in the preparation of metallic nanoparticles. Manuscript also described in depth information about the different activities of synthesized nanoparticles. It was concluded from the literature surveys that, a plant extract used in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles was cheaper than the synthetic chemicals and less toxic to the environment.

Results and Conclusion:

The plant extract used in the synthesis is herbal in nature. It does not cause any environmental hazards. Instead of synthetic chemicals, the plant extracts which are used in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, acts as capping, reducing and stabilizing agent during the synthesis. It was also observed that plant-based metallic nanoparticles were more stable, the synthesis rate was faster as compared to chemical processes and can be easily obtained in different shapes and sizes.
Isolation, Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Aeromonas hydrophila from Spoiled Vegetables and Biochemical Analysis of Estuarine Microbial Sediments
Authors: Swathi Kumar , Ramachandhiran Duraisamy , Murali Raju , Vinothkumar Veerasamy
Published: March 2020

Background:

Aeromonas hydrophila is a heterotrophic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative
anaerobic, non-spore forming bacteria that are autochthonous and widely dispersed in marine environments.
The study aims at investigating the screening of Aeromonas hydrophila from spoiled vegetables
and the sediment sample collected from three different estuaries located in the Bay of Bengal
(Vedharanyam, Parangipettai and Pichavaram, Tamilnadu, India) for the presence of enzymes and
antimicrobial activities.

Objective:

Isolation, enzyme screening, antimicrobial activity of Aeromonas hydrophila from spoiled
vegetables and three different estuarine microbial sediment samples for the purpose of biochemical and
enzymatic analysis.

Methods:

The bioactive compound produced by this strain was purified by using thin-layer chromatography.

Results:

The purified isolate of Aeromonas hydrophila strain produces good antimicrobial activity
against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella and pseudomonas species.

Conclusion:

These isolates producing amylase, protease, lipase, and gelatinase enzymes, which are
commercially very important and used in many industries and other biochemical sectors.
ANCAMAN TERHADAP DASAR NEGARA “PANCASILA” BAGI RAKYAT INDONESIA DALAM BERBANGSA DAN BERNEGARA
Authors: Santosa Heru
Published: February 2020

Bangsa Indonesia yang setengah – setengah melaksanakan dasar Negara Pancasila sekarang ini banyak kendala – kendala yang timbul. Dari situ pertama tentang kehidupan keagamaan banyak terjadi gesekan – gesekan keyakinan di dalam masyarakat sehingga timbul anarki  atau bertindak hakim sendiri. Demikian juga sila kedua tentang kemanusiaan  sudah mulai hilang rasa kemanusiaannya. Persatuanpun sudah mulai memudar  dan demokrasi juga hanya kelihatan semu karena hanya memikirkan kepentingannya sendiri sehingga timbul rasa keadilan yang tidak merata. Maka dengan demikian bangsa  Indonesia sudah selayaknya kembali dengan dasar  Negara Indonesia Pancasila secara lahir batin dalam melaksanakannya,  baik dari segi dasar Negara sebagai segala sumber hukum atau sebagai Pandangan hidup Bangsa.  Untuk mengejawantahkan kesejahteraan bangsa Indonesia dengan mendanai lembaga –lembaga riset  yang dapat di harapkan hasil produksinya  untuk kesejahteraan bangsa Indonesia sehingga mengurangi ketergantungannya produk- produk dari luar. Satu kata kunci : mandiri.
POTRET ISLAM REVOLUSIONER DALAM PEMIKIRAN ALI SYARI’ATI
Authors: Nugroho Anjar
Published: February 2020

Abstrak: Ali Syari’ati adalah contoh intelektual sui generis yang berani dalam posisi melawanmainstreem politik maupun pemikiran Islam. Pemahaman Islam yang ditawarkan Ali Syari'atiberbeda dengan pemahaman maintreem saat itu. Islam yang dipahami banyak orang di masaSyari'ati adalah Islam yang hanya sebatas agama ritual dan fiqh yang tidak menjangkau persoalanpersoalanpolitik dan sosial kemasyarakatan. Dalam pemikiran Syari'ati, Islam bukanlah agamayang hanya memperhatikan aspek spiritual dan moral atau hanya sekadar hubungan antara hambadengan Sang Khaliq (Hablun min Allah), tetapi lebih dari itu, Islam adalah sebuah ideologiemansipasi dan pembebasan.Kata Kunci: Ali Syari’ati, Islam Pembebasan, dan Tauhid
ETIKA SOSIAL DALAM KERUKUNAN UMAT BERAGAMA (Studi Kasus di Desa Kotesan Kecamatan Prambanan Kabupaten Klaten Jawa Tengah)
Authors: Dermawan Andy , Nadia Zunly
Published: February 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap lebih dalam fungsi etika sosial yang berlakudi dalam masyarakat Kotesan yang tidak hanya memegang teguh ajaran agama tetapi juga etikasosial di dalam bermasyarakat yang terwujud dalam kerukunan umat beragama di DesaKotesan, Prambanan, Klaten, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatifdengan pendekatan sosio-antropologis, yakni mencermati fenomena sosial-budaya yangberkembang di Kotesan sekaligus dan mencaritahu bagaimana masyarakat tersebut memaknaifenomena itu. Setting penelitian adalah Desa Kotesan, Kecamatan Prambanan, KabupatenKlaten, Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang merupakan masyarakat multikultural dari aspek keyakinanagama. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan Focus GroupDiscussion (FGD). Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis interaktif berupa reduksi data,penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan etika sosialmasyarakat desa Kotesan mempunyai signifikansi besar dalam rangka merajut hubungan sosialdan pengelolaan konflik yang ada di dalam masyarakat. Etika sosial yang terbangun di desaKotesan disebabkan oleh adanya persamaan konsepsi tentang ajaran leluhur yang menuntuthidup rukun, aman dan damai serta sebagai simbol kesetiaan dan kepatuhan dalam memeliharadan menjaga warisan leluhur yang mereka takzimi. Secara faktual menunjukkan tidak adapemisahan yang signifikan antara warga muslim dan warga yang nonmuslim di desa Kotesan,dalam pengertian tidak ada daerah muslim, daerah Kristen dan daerah Budha. Meski berbedabedaagama, tetapi mereka merasa berasal dari satu nenek moyang yang sama, merasa masihsatu darah atau keturunan. Sikap toleransi menjadi kunci bagi masyarakat Kotesan yang hidupdalam suasana harmonis.Meski diakui, sikap toleransi ini juga menyebabkan perpindahanagama (konversi agama) menjadi hal yang biasa.Kata kunci: Agama, Sosio-budaya, Etika Sosial dan Multikulturalisme
ISLAM DAN KEARIFAN BERBUDAYA Menggali Filsafat Dakwah Sunan Kalijaga
Authors: Thoha Zainal Arifin
Published: February 2020

“Ajaklah mereka kepada jalan Tuhanmu dengan hikmat kebijaksanaan dan pengajaran yang baik, dan bertukar pikiranlah dengan mereka dengan cara yang sebaik-baiknya” (QS. An-Nahl, 16:125).“Maka dengan rahmat Allah-lah engkau (Muhammad) berlaku lemah lembut kepada mereka, dan sekiranya engkau keras hati, niscaya mereka berpisah dari sekelilingmu, maka berilah maaf mereka, dan mohonkanlah ampunan atas segala kekhilafan mereka, dan bermusyawarahlah dengan mereka dalam berbagai urusan, maka apabila engkau telah mengambil keputusan, bertawakallah kepada Allah, sesungguhnya Allah mencintai orang-orang yang bertawakal” (QS. Ali Imran, 3:159).
AL-QURAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF BUDAYA
Authors: Sudrajat Ajat
Published: February 2020

Al-Quran merupakan kitab suci terakhir yang diturunkan kepada manusia. Tujuan utama diturunkannya al-Quran adalah sebagai kitab petunjuk yang meliputi bidang akidah, syariah dan akhlak. Akan tetapi di luar ketiga petunjuk tersebut, al-Quran telah memberikan motivasi dan inspirasi kepada umat Islam dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan sehingga melahirkan jenis budaya tertentu.Dialog intelektual yang dilakukan secara kreatif oleh umat Islam terhadap al-Quran ternyata telah menghasilkan lahirnya generasi umat yang dipenuhi dinamika dan kreativitas. Sejarah telah membuktikan keunggulan budaya umat Islam pada masa klasik yang disebabkan dialog kreatif mereka terhadap al-Quran. Sebaliknya ketika al-Quran ditinggalkan, kelumpuhan dan kebekuan segera menyerang dan menjangakiti tubuh umat Islam. Oleh karena itu, sangat wajar ketika para pembaharu menyadari hal tersebut, mereka pun secara serentak menyeru umat Islam untuk kembali kepada al-Quran.
KONFLIK PERADABAN SAMUEL P. HUNTINGTON (Kebangkitan Islam yang Dirisaukan?)
Authors: Fitria Vita
Published: February 2020

Istilah ‘konflik peradaban’ diperkenalkan Samuel Huntington dalam bukunya The Clash of Civilization and the Remaking of World Order (1996). Menurut Huntington, dengan berakhirnya Perang Dingin yang ditandai dengan runtuhnya ideologi komunisme, wilayah konflik meluas melewati fase Barat, dan yang mewarnainya adalah hubungan antara peradaban Barat dan non-Barat serta antarperadaban non-Barat itu sendiri. Huntington mengelompokkan negara-negara bukan atas dasar sistem politik ekonomi, tetapi lebih berdasarkan budaya dan peradaban. Ia mengidentifikasi sembilan peradaban kontemporer, yaitu, peradaban Barat, Cina, Jepang, Amerika Latin, Afrika, Hindu, Budha, Islam, dan Kristen Ortodoks. Benturan yang paling keras – menurut Huntington - akan terjadi antara kebudayaan Kristen Barat dengan kebudayaan Islam. Tesis tersebut secara tidak langsung memperkuat asumsi sebagian besar ilmuwan Barat yang melihat Islam sebagai aggression and hostility (agresi dan ancaman). Pendek kata, bagaimana Barat menciptakan stereotipe-stereotipe simplistis yang menunjukkan wajah the rage of Islam.
KAJIAN KONSTITUSI INDONESIA DARI AWAL KEMERDEKAAN SAMPAI ERA REFORMASI
Authors: Sartono Kus Eddy
Published: February 2020

Sejarah konstitusi Indonesia dapat dikatakan telah melewati berbagai  tahap perkembangan. Tiap tahap memunculkan model ketatanegaraan yang khas, sampai  karena trauma masa lalu terutama akibat praktik politik Orde Baru yang  menyalahgunakan konstitusi untuk tujuan kekuasaannya yang sentralistik dan otoriter, memunculkan ide untuk mengamandemen UUD 1945. Tahap perkembangan konstitusi di Indonesia dapat dikelompokkan menjadi beberapa periode. Periode pertama berlaku UUD 1945, periode kedua berlaku Konstitusi RIS 1949, periode ketiga berlaku UUDS 1950, Periode keempat berlaku kembali UUD 1945 beserta Penjelasannya. Setelah itu UUD 1945 diubah berturut-turut pada tahun 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 dengan menggunakan naskah yang berlaku mulai 5 Juli 1959 sebagai standar dalam melakukan perubahan di luar teks yang kemudian dijadikan lampiran yang tak terpisahkan dari naskah UUD 1945. Mengamandemen konstitusi (undang-undang dasar) jelas bukan urusan sederhana. Sebab undang-undang dasar merupakan desain utama negara untuk mengatur berbagai hal fundamental dan strategis, dari soal struktur kekuasaan dan hubungan antar kekuasaan organ negara sampai hak asasi manusia. Proses amandemen UUD 1945 terjadi secara bertahap selama empat kali. Ada berbagai kekurangan dalam empat tahap amandemen tersebut yang mendapat sorotan tajam di antara para pengamat, yang memunculkan ide perlunya dibentuk Komisi Konstitusi yang akan membantu melakukan koreksi dan mengatasi kekurangan-kekurangan itu untuk amandemen mendatang.
UNGKAPAN-UNGKAPAN JAWA TRADISIONAL SEBAGAI PEMBENTUK KARAKTER BANGSA
Authors: Bengat - , Sulanjari Bambang , - Sunarya
Published: February 2020

Krisis moral di Republik Indonesia saat ini mencapai level yang mengkhawatirkan. Kehidupan seakan lepas dari etika dan karakter. Padahal etika pembentuk karakter atau ajaran budi pekerti tersebut banyak yang ditulis dalam buku-buku ajaran moral. Selain secara konkret ditulis pada buku-buku ajaran budi pekerti, pesan moral tersebut banyak direkam dalam ungkapan-ungkapan Jawa tradisional, antara lain pada paribasan (peribahasa Jawa), bebasan (pepatah Jawa), saloka (seloka Jawa), pepindhan (perumpamaan Jawa), dan isbat (filosofi Jawa). Ungkapan-ungkapan Jawa tradisional selain mengandung nilai karakter, ditulis dengan bahasa indah yang sangat estetis, ada pula yang tidak tertulis, tidak terdapat pada buku-buku sastra.  Ajaran-ajaran yang sekan tenggelam tersebut harus direvitalisasi. Itulah sebabnya studi ini dilakukan. Penggalian data dilakukan secara menyeluruh baik secara media ekspresinya maupun secara wilayah. Data dikumpulkan dari daerah kantong-kantong budaya serta buku-buku yang tersisa dari peninggalan masa lampau. Metode deskriptif analisis selanjutnya diterapkan untuk mengurai, menelaah dan menjelaskan makna data, sehingga didapat hasil akhir berupa deskripsi aspek intrinsik dan ekstrinsik dari ungkapan-ungkapan tradisional Jawa.Secara intrinsik, keindahan yang terkandung di dalamnya bersifat unik seperti purwakanthi (persajakan), sandi asma (nama samaran), sengkalan atau sengkala sastra (perhitungan tahun didasarkan nilai kata), dan lain sebagainya. Secara ekstrinsik, ungkapan-ungkapan Jawa tradisional itu ada yang bersifat positif, langsung sebagai contoh perbuatan baik, dan ada pula yang bersifat negatif, berupa contoh tidak baik atau contoh buruk, jahat, yang harus dicari dahulu makna positifnya. Kata kunci: ungkapan tradisional; karakter; budi pekertiAbstractIndonesia has an increasing mental crisis. There are no ethic and character anymore although ethic and character building are written in many ancient books. The ethic and character building also can be found at Javanese traditional folklore; paribasan (Javanese proverb), bebasan (Javanese aphorism), saloka (Javanese poem), pepindhan (Javanese parable), dan isbat (Javanese philosophy). Javanese traditional idioms do not only have great values but also written in a beautiful language and they are aesthetically created. This study aims to describe the Javanese traditional idioms. The data were collected based on the media and also the area of expression. They were collected from regions that become center of culture and from the ancient books. The data were analysed descriptively to describe the data and get the intrinsic and extrinsic aspects of the Javanese traditional idiom. In terms of intrinsic elements, the beauty in the idiom is unique, like purwakanthi, sandi asma, and sengkalan. In terms of extrinsic elements, the Javanese idioms have positive character and negative character.Keywords: Javanese idiom, character building
WAYANG KULIT JAWA TIMURAN CENGKOK TROWULAN: ASAL USUL DAN PETA PENYEBARANNYA
Authors: Suyono Bambang , Winarko Jojo , - Darni
Published: February 2020

AbstrakSeni wayang kulit Jawa Timuran, ibarat mutiara yang bertebaran namun belum mendapat perhatian  dengan baik. Identitasnya masih belum jelas. Belum ada usaha untuk mendokumentasikan, memperkenalkan, apalagi membinanya ke arah perkembangan yang lebih baik. Ironisnya, wayang kulit Jawa Timuran merupakan identitas masyarakat Jawa Timur.Berkaitan dengan dicanangkannya pembelajaran kontekstual di sekolah dan perguruan tinggi, aset budaya daerah memegang peranan penting dalam pengembangan kurikulum dan penggalian  materi yang berbasis konteks sosio budaya. Wayang kulit memiliki potensi untuk memperkaya substansi kurikulum dan materi ajar di sekolah dan perguruan tinggi. Sementara itu, selama ini, materi pembelajaran tentang wayang di sekolah masih berorientasi ke wayang kulit gaya Jawa Tengah. Bahasa baku Jawa Tengah merupakan kendala yang sangat berarti dalam apresiasi sastra wayang di sekolah. Kesulitan tersebut mengakibatkan belum adanya minat pengenalan dan pengahargaan  siswa di sekolah akan  nilai-nilai luhur budaya sendiri. Di perguruan tinggi, khususnya di jurusan Sendratasik dan Pendidikan Bahasa Daerah Unesa,  materi kuliah juga masih berorientasi pada pertunjukkan wayang gaya Jawa Tengah. Kekhasan materi yang disampaikan dosen di perguruan tinggi akan dianut dan diamalkan mahasiswa di lapangan ketika sudah menjadi guru. Kata kunci: wayang kulit, Jawa Timuran, Trowulan AbstrakThe leather puppet art in East Jawa is the identity of East Java region. Ironically, it had  no attention  as good as the modern arts. The problem is when it implemented in school, there were a lot of differences between East Java and Central Java tradition. The differences on language was too hard to understand by the student, so the student paid no attention and appreciation on it.. This article will show how it implemented in school as a specific major in Sendratasik and  Javanese Program in Surabaya University. This article will describe how this traditional art will be identified, clasificated, and found its history.Keywords: puppet, East Java, Trowulan
SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN KETHOPRAK SISWO BUDOYO
Authors: Waryanti Endang
Published: February 2020

This article describe about history of traditional theatre art. This call Kethoprak Siswo Budoyo. The theatre group of Kethoprak Siswo Budoyo lead by Ki Siswondo who has high acting talent. He is very popular in Javanesse community that like show theatre. Kethoprak Siswo Budoyo always give morality, spirituality and  sociaty value to audience. Therefore kethoprak Siswo Budoyo have some fanatic fans. Everyone like Kethoprak Siswo Budoyo because this theatre group teach character education.Keyword : history, kethoprak, character education
Application of low dose computed tomography protocols in pediatric radiology
Authors: Atalić Bruno , Miletić Damir , Roić Goran , Balić Mirko , Jurković Slaven , Veljković Vujaklija Danijela
Published: March 2020

Djeca su zbog svoje male veličine, brojnih staničnih dioba još uvijek rastućih i razvijajućih tkiva i organa, kao i dužeg očekivanog životnog vijeka, otprilike tri puta osjetljivija na iste doze ionizirajućeg zračenja od odraslih. To je posebno izraženo kod pregleda kompjutoriziranom tomografijom (engl. computerized tomography, CT) koji, iako čine samo 17 % ionizirajućih radioloških pregleda, sudjeluju s čak 49 % u ukupnom ozračivanju pacijenata. Zbog toga se pod utjecajem kampanje Image Gently početkom 2010-ih godina razmišljalo o potpunom napuštanju CT pregleda u pedijatrijskoj radiologiji te njihovoj zamjeni ultrazvučnim odnosno pregledima učinjenim magnetskom rezonancijom kao metodama izbora. Pojava Flash CT tehnike koja istovremeno skraćuje vrijeme snimanja i smanjuje doze zračenja dovela je do odustajanja od toga. Tome u prilog išle su i činjenice da su s jedne strane CT pregledi praktički nezamjenjivi u slučajevima trauma, dok su s druge strane djeca, kao uostalom i pripadnici svih drugih dobnih skupina, neprestano izložena manjoj ili većoj količini pozadinskog ionizirajućeg zračenja (Zemlja, svemir, zrakoplovi). U tome smislu danas se sve više preporučuje uporaba low dose CT (LDCT) tehnika individualno prilagođenih svakom pacijentu zbog njihove manje količine ionizirajućeg zračenja. Na tome putu nastojali smo napraviti pregled najnovijih spoznaja o spomenutoj problematici na temelju znanstvenih radova objavljenih u protekle tri godine (2016. – 2018.). Oni pokazuju da CT pregledi ne samo da nisu napušteni u pedijatrijskoj radiologiji, već naprotiv, u slučajevima brojnih indikacija LDCT pregledi čine zlatni standard.
Высокоомный антимонид галлия, полученный методом газофазной эпитаксии из металлорганических соединений
Authors: Левин Р.В. , Власов А.С. , Смирнов А.Н. , Пушный Б.В.
Published: March 2020

The paper presents the results of studies of grown epitaxial GaSb layers by MOCVD method at a ratio of TMSb/TEGa from 1 to 50. When the ratio TMSb/TEGa=50 were grown epitaxial GaSb layers with a specific electrical resistance of 400 Ω•cm. Crystalline perfection of these layers was evaluated by several methods and remained commensurate with the quality of the used substrates.
Температурная зависимость ширины запрещенной зоны монокристаллов MnAgIn-=SUB=-7-=/SUB=-S-=SUB=-12-=/SUB=-
Authors: Боднарь И.В. , Чан Б.Т. , Павловский В.Н. , Свитенков И.Е. , Яблонский Г.П.
Published: March 2020

AbstractMnAgIn_7S_12 single crystals 16 mm in diameter and ~40 mm in length are grown by planar crystallization of the melt. It is shown that the material grown crystallizes with the formation of the cubic spinel structure. From the transmittance spectra recorded in the region of fundamental absorption in the temperature range 10–320 K, the band gap E _ g of the single crystals and its temperature dependence are determined. The dependence has a shape typical of most semiconductor materials: as the temperature is lowered, the band gap E _ g increases. A calculation is carried out, and it is shown that the calculated values are in agreement with the experimental data.
Инжекционные лазеры InGaAlP/GaAs оранжевого оптического диапазона (~600 нм)
Authors: Надточий А.М. , Шерняков Ю.М. , Кулагина М.М. , Паюсов А.С. , Гордеев Н.Ю. , Максимов М.В. , Жуков А.Е. , Denneulin T. , Cherkashin N. , Щукин В.А. , Леденцов Н.Н.
Published: March 2020

Lasing in orange spectral range(599−605 nm)in(AlxGa1−x)0.5In0.5P−GaAs laser diodes grown by MOVPE on GaAs substrates(211) and (322) was demonstrated. The active region consisted of 4 layers of InxGa1−xP vertically coupled quantum dots. Carrier leakage from the active area was suppressed by using barriers formed with 4 quantum-sized layers of InGaAlP with high Ga content. The maximum optical power in the pulsed regime was limited by catastrophic optical mirror degradation and reached 800 mW. Lower threshold current density, higher differential efficiency, and lower internal losses were demonstrated by lasers processed from epitaxial structures grown on(322)A substrates in comparison to those grown on(211)A. This fact is due to the higher energy barrier for electrons in the first case.
Лазерный GaAs-диод с волноводными квантовыми ямами InGaAs
Authors: Дикарева Н.В. , Звонков Б.Н. , Самарцев И.В. , Некоркин С.М. , Байдусь Н.В. , Дубинов А.А.
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the results of research of electrically pumped InGaAs/GaAs laser on waveguide quantum wells, operating at room temperature. The minimum threshold current was 15 A. The stable lasing at a wavelength of 1010 nm was obtained, and the width of the radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the layers of the structure was (10 ± 2) angular degrees.
Evaluation of Electronic Mental Health Implementation in Northern Territory Services Using the Integrated “Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services” Framework: Qualitative Study
Authors: Raphiphatthana Buaphrao , Sweet Michelle , Puszka Stefanie , Whitty Megan , Dingwall Kylie , Nagel Tricia
Published: February 2020

Background

Electronic mental health is a promising strategy to bridge the treatment gap in mental health care. Training workshops have been delivered to service providers working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people at a primary health care level to raise awareness and knowledge of electronic mental health approaches.

Objective

This study aimed to understand service providers’ perspectives and experiences of electronic mental health adoption. More specifically, it aimed to use the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework to further identify and understand how different factors facilitate or impede electronic mental health uptake within primary health care settings providing services to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

Methods

Qualitative interviews were conducted with 57 service providers working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, who had
undergone electronic mental health training workshops.

Results

Several factors related to innovation (electronic mental health approach), recipients (service providers as an individual and as a team), and context (local, organizational, and external contexts) were found to influence electronic mental health uptake. Particularly, organizational readiness, in terms of information technology resources and infrastructure, policies, workforce and culture, and processes to mandate electronic mental health use, were found to be significant impediments to electronic mental health utilization. These findings led to the development of a three-phase implementation strategy that aims to enhance electronic mental health adoption by addressing organizational readiness before and post electronic mental health training.

Conclusions

The i-PARIHS provides a useful determinant framework that deepens our understanding of how different factors impede or facilitate electronic mental health adoption in this setting. This insight was used to develop a practical and comprehensive implementation strategy to enhance the utilization of electronic mental health approaches within primary health care settings, involving three phases: pretraining consultations, training workshops, and post-training follow-up support.
A Culturally Relevant Smartphone-Delivered Physical Activity Intervention for African American Women: Development and Initial Usability Tests of Smart Walk
Authors: Joseph Rodney P , Keller Colleen , Vega-López Sonia , Adams Marc A , English Rebekah , Hollingshead Kevin , Hooker Steven P , Todd Michael , Gaesser Glenn A , Ainsworth Barbara E
Published: March 2020

Background

Smart Walk is a culturally relevant, social cognitive theory–based, smartphone-delivered intervention designed to increase physical activity (PA) and reduce cardiometabolic disease risk among African American (AA) women.

Objective

This study aimed to describe the development and initial usability testing results of Smart Walk.

Methods

Smart Walk was developed in 5 phases. Phases 1 to 3 focused on initial intervention development, phase 4 involved usability testing, and phase 5 included intervention refinement based on usability testing results. In phase 1, a series of 9 focus groups with 25 AA women (mean age 38.5 years, SD 7.8; mean BMI 39.4 kg/m2, SD 7.3) was used to identify cultural factors associated with PA and ascertain how constructs of social cognitive theory can be leveraged in the design of a PA intervention. Phase 2 included the analysis of phase 1 qualitative data and development of the structured PA intervention. Phase 3 focused on the technical development of the smartphone app used to deliver the intervention. Phase 4 consisted of a 1-month usability trial of Smart Walk (n=12 women; mean age 35.0 years, SD 8.5; mean BMI 40 kg/m2, SD 5.0). Phase 5 included refinement of the intervention based on the usability trial results.

Results

The 5-phase process resulted in the development of the Smart Walk smartphone-delivered PA intervention. This PA intervention was designed to target social cognitive theory constructs of behavioral capability, outcome expectations, social support, self-efficacy, and self-regulation and address deep structure sociocultural characteristics of collectivism, racial pride, and body appearance preferences of AA women. Key features of the smartphone app included (1) personal profile pages, (2) multimedia PA promotion modules (ie, electronic text and videos), (3) discussion boards, and (4) a PA self-monitoring tool. Participants also received 3 PA promotion text messages each week.

Conclusions

The development process of Smart Walk was designed to maximize the usability, cultural relevance, and impact of the smartphone-delivered PA intervention.
A Contact-Free, Ballistocardiography-Based Monitoring System (Emfit QS) for Measuring Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability: Validation Study
Authors: Vesterinen Ville , Rinkinen Niina , Nummela Ari
Published: March 2020

Background

Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) measurements are widely used to monitor stress and recovery status in sedentary people and athletes. However, effective HRV monitoring should occur on a daily basis because sparse measurements do not allow for a complete view of the stress-recovery balance. Morning electrocardiography (ECG) measurements with HR straps are time-consuming and arduous to perform every day, and thus compliance with regular measurements is poor. Contact-free, ballistocardiography (BCG)-based Emfit QS is effortless for daily monitoring. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study on the accuracy of nocturnal HR and HRV measured via BCG under real-life conditions.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Emfit QS in measuring nocturnal HR and HRV.

Methods

Healthy participants (n=20) completed nocturnal HR and HRV recordings at home using Emfit QS and an ECG-based reference device (Firstbeat BG2) during sleep. Emfit QS measures BCG by a ferroelectret sensor installed under a bed mattress. HR and the root mean square of successive differences between RR intervals (RMSSD) were determined for 3-minute epochs and the sleep period mean.

Results

A trivial mean bias was observed in the mean HR (mean –0.8 bpm [beats per minute], SD 2.3 bpm, P=.15) and Ln (natural logarithm) RMSSD (mean –0.05 ms, SD 0.25 ms, P=.33) between Emfit QS and ECG. In addition, very large correlations were found in the mean values of HR (r=0.90, P<.001) and Ln RMSSD (r=0.89, P<.001) between the devices. A greater amount of erroneous or missing data (P<.001) was observed in the Emfit QS measurements (28.3%, SD 14.4%) compared with the reference device (1.1%, SD 2.3%). The results showed that 5.0% of the mean HR and Ln RMSSD values were outside the limits of agreement.

Conclusions

Based on the present results, Emfit QS provides nocturnal HR and HRV data with an acceptable, small mean bias when calculating the mean of the sleep period. Thus, Emfit QS has the potential to be used for the long-term monitoring of nocturnal HR and HRV. However, further research is needed to assess reliability in HR and HRV detection.
The Mediating Role of Organizational Reputation and Trust in the Intention to Use Wearable Health Devices: Cross-Country Study
Authors: Adebesin Funmi , Mwalugha Revingstone
Published: February 2020

Background

The use of consumer wearable health devices for fitness tracking has seen an upward trend across the globe. Previous studies have shown that trust is an important factor in the adoption and use of new technologies. However, little is known about the influence of organizational reputation and trust on the intention to use wearable health devices.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of organizational reputation and trust in the intention to use wearable health devices and to examine the extent to which the country of residence influenced the effect of organizational reputation on consumers’ trust in and intention to use wearable health devices.

Methods

We conducted a cross-country survey with participants from Kenya and South Africa using a Google Forms questionnaire derived from previously validated items. A series of mediation regression analyses were carried out using the PROCESS macro with the bootstrap CI procedure. A one-way, between-group multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was also used to determine the key factors that distinguish Kenyans and South Africans in their intention to use wearable health devices.

Results

A total of 232 questionnaire responses were collected. The results revealed that organizational reputation significantly mediates the relationship between trust propensity and trust, with an indirect effect of 0.22 (95% CI 0.143-0.309). Organizational reputation also plays a significant direct role in the intention to use a wearable health device, with a direct effect of 0.32 (95% CI 0.175-0.483). This role is regardless of participants’ country of residence. Furthermore, there is a significant mediating effect of trust on the relationship between trust propensity and the intention to use a wearable health device, with an indirect effect of 0.26 (95% CI 0.172-0.349); between perceived security and the intention to use a wearable health device, with an indirect effect of 0.36 (95% CI 0.255-0.461); and between perceived privacy and the intention to use a wearable health device, with an indirect effect of 0.42 (95% CI 0.282-0.557). The MANOVA test shows statistically significant differences in all variables for both groups, with the exception of organizational reputation where there is no significant difference between the two cohorts.

Conclusions

Organizational reputation has a significant direct influence on participants’ trust in and the intention to use a wearable health device irrespective of their country of residence. Even in the presence of perceived security and perceived privacy, trust has a significant mediating effect on the intention to use a wearable health device.
Medical Mobile App Classification Using the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Evidence Standards Framework for Digital Health Technologies: Interrater Reliability Study
Authors: Nwe Khine , Larsen Mark Erik , Nelissen Natalie , Wong David Chi-Wai
Published: February 2020

Background

Clinical governance of medical mobile apps is challenging, and there is currently no standard method for assessing the quality of such apps. In 2018, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) developed a framework for assessing the required level of evidence for digital health technologies (DHTs), as determined by their clinical function. The framework can potentially be used to assess mobile apps, which are a subset of DHTs. To be used reliably in this context, the framework must allow unambiguous classification of an app’s clinical function.

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine whether mobile health apps could be reliably classified using the NICE evidence standards framework for DHTs.

Methods

We manually extracted app titles, screenshots, and content descriptions for all apps listed on the National Health Service (NHS) Apps Library website on July 12, 2019; none of the apps were downloaded. Using this information, 2 mobile health (mHealth) researchers independently classified each app to one of the 4 functional tiers (ie, 1, 2, 3a, and 3b) described in the NICE digital technologies evaluation framework. Coders also answered contextual questions from the framework to identify whether apps were deemed to be higher risk. Agreement between coders was assessed using Cohen κ statistic.

Results

In total, we assessed 76 apps from the NHS Apps Library. There was classification agreement for 42 apps. Of these, 0 apps were unanimously classified into Tier 1; 24, into Tier 2; 15, into Tier 3a; and 3, into Tier 3b. There was disagreement between coders in 34/76 cases (45%); interrater agreement was poor (Cohen κ=0.32, 95% CI 0.16-0.47). Further investigation of disagreements highlighted 5 main explanatory themes: apps that did not correspond to any tier, apps that corresponded to multiple tiers, ambiguous tier descriptions, ambiguous app descriptions, and coder error.

Conclusions

The current iteration of the NICE evidence standards framework for DHTs did not allow mHealth researchers to consistently and unambiguously classify digital health mobile apps listed on the NHS app library according to their functional tier.
Applying a Human-Centered Design to Develop a Patient Prioritization Tool for a Pediatric Emergency Department: Detailed Case Study of First Iterations (Preprint)
Authors: Schiro Jessica , Pelayo Sylvia , Martinot Alain , Dubos François , Beuscart-Zéphir Marie-Catherine , Marcilly Romaric
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Overcrowding in the emergency departments has become an increasingly significant problem. Patient triage strategies are acknowledged to help clinicians manage patient flow and reduce patients’ waiting time. However, electronic patient triage systems are not developed so that they comply with clinicians’ workflow.

OBJECTIVE

This case study presents the development of a patient prioritization tool (PPT) and of the related patient prioritization algorithm (PPA) for a pediatric emergency department (PED), relying on a human-centered design process.

METHODS

We followed a human-centered design process, wherein we (1) performed a work system analysis through observations and interviews in an academic hospital’s PED; (2) deduced design specifications; (3) designed a mock PPT and the related PPA; and (4) performed user testing to assess the intuitiveness of the icons, the effectiveness in communicating patient priority, the fit between the prioritization model implemented and the participants’ prioritization rules, and the participants’ satisfaction.

RESULTS

The workflow analysis identified that the PPT interface should meet the needs of physicians and nurses, represent the stages of patient care, and contain patient information such as waiting time, test status (eg, prescribed, in progress), age, and a suggestion for prioritization. The mock-up developed gives the status of patients progressing through the PED; a strip represents the patient and the patient’s characteristics, including a delay indicator that compares the patient’s waiting time to the average waiting time of patients with a comparable reason for emergency. User tests revealed issues with icon intuitiveness, information gaps, and possible refinements in the prioritization algorithm.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the user tests have led to modifications to improve the usability and usefulness of the PPT and its PPA. We discuss the value of integrating human factors into the design process for a PPT for PED. The PPT/PPA has been developed and installed in Lille University Hospital's PED. Studies are carried out to evaluate the use and impact of this tool on clinicians’ situation awareness and prioritization-related cognitive load, prioritization of patients, waiting time, and patients’ experience.
Effect of Steam Treatment on the Characteristics of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Its Biocomposite
Authors: Bin Bujang Abdul Muttalib , Binti Ahamad Nordin Noor Ida Amalina
Published: March 2020

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) has a big potential in biocomposite production. The porous surface of EFB is advantageous for physical interlocking with polymer in composite fabrication. The objective of this study is to determine the properties of biocomposite prepared from steam-treated EFB with polypropylene (PP). The EFB was treated using steam at 120 °C for 30 min (Steam-30) and 60 min (Steam-60) in an autoclave. The biocomposite was prepared from EFB and PP at different fiber contents (10 and 30 wt.%). The Steam-30 EFB partially removed silica bodies and other impurities without damaging the surface of the EFB. The thermal stability improved from 276 to 283 °C. The Steam-30/PP biocomposite had the highest tensile strength at 10 and 30 wt.% EFB contents with the increments of 23.9 and 23.8%, respectively, compared to that of the untreated EFB/PP biocomposite. The Steam-30/PP biocomposite containing 30 wt.% of EFB had a low water absorption of 5.6% compared to that of the untreated EFB/PP biocomposite at 7.2%. In conclusion, steam treatment improved the characteristics of EFB and increased the compatibility between the fiber and polymer.
Manganese(III) Complexes with Tetradentate Schiff Base Ligands: IR, UV/Vis, Electrochemistry and Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Eltayeb Naser Eltaher
Published: March 2020

Three trivalent manganese complexes have been synthesized, isolated, and characterized, namely, [MnCl(OH2)(Lx)].nH2O (I-III). Lx is a tetradentate Shiff base ligand, where Lx = LI, 2,2'-{1,2-phenylenebis [nitrilomethylylidene]}bis(phenolate), LII, 2,2'-{1,2-phenylenebis[nitrilomethylylidene]}bis(5-methoxyphenolate), and LIII, 2,2'-{1,2-phenylenebis[nitrilomethylylidene]}bis(4-methoxyphenolate), n = 1, 1.5 and 0 for I, II and III, respectively. These complexes were characterized using IR, elemental analysis and UV-Vis spectroscopy. In addition, the fluorescence, photoluminescence (PL), electrochemistry and thermal stability of these complexes were studied.
ANALYSIS OF VIPAKA (METABOLIC TRANSFORMATION) OF AN EXTRA-PHARMACOPOEIAL DRUG-BRIDELIA STIPULARIS (L.) BLUME
Authors: N HARITHA , BHAT SUDHAKAR , KUMAR N MANOJ
Published: March 2020

Objective: The objective of the present study is to explore the vipaka of an extra-pharmacopoeia drug Bridelia stipularis (L.) Blume belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family.

Methods: 12 Wistar strain albino rats were selected and divided into 2 groups; Group A-Control, Group B-Test group. Each rat was kept in separate metabolic cages provided with a constant amount of water and food per day. Assessment of vipaka was done based on the consumption of food, consumption of water, the quantity of faecal matter, urine output, and quantity of water content of expelled faecal matter per day. Assessment of Vipaka was done on the basis of consumption of food; consumption of water; the quantity of faecal matter, urine output and quantity water content of expelled faecal matter per day. Assessment of Vipaka was done on the basis of consumption of food; consumption of water; the quantity of faecal matter, urine output and quantity water content of expelled faecal matter per day.

Results: Absolute values of Group B or test group exhibited significant increase in water consumption (p<0.01), wet faecal matter (p<0.05), dry faecal matter (p<0.001), and food conversion ratio (p<0.05), and non-significant increase in food consumption, urine output, faecal water, and body weight.

Conclusion: Based on the preliminary analysis it may be concluded that the drug Bridelia stipularis (L.) Blume possess Madhura vipaka (Sweet metabolic transformation).
CHARACTERIZATION OF KAPOK PERICARPIUM MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE PRODUCED OF ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS USING PURIFIED CELLULASE FROM TERMITE (MACROTERMES GILVUS)
Authors: LESTARI YULIANITA PRATIWI INDAH , SURYADI HERMAN , MIRAJUNNISA  , MANGUNWARDOYO WIBOWO , SUTRIYO  , YANUAR ARRY
Published: March 2020

Objective: This study aimed to increase the yield of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from kapok pericarpium alpha-cellulose produced by enzymatic hydrolysis using purified cellulase from Termites (Macrotermes gilvus) and to compare the characteristics with the reference product.

Methods: In this research, MCC was prepared from kapok pericarpium powder through the chemical isolation process of alpha-cellulose, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with purified cellulase from Macrotermes gilvus. The yield was improved by using purified cellulase in optimized temperature, pH, and hydrolysis time. Identification was carried out by using ZnCl and infrared spectrophotometry, followed by characterization of MCC include particle size analysis (PSA) and diffracto­gram pattern (X-Ray Diffraction). The results were compared with Avicel PH 101 as the reference product.

Results: Purified cellulase from Macrotermes gilvus showed high cellulose activity. Cellulose in the concentration of 11.743 U/ml formed 49 mm clear zone area with cellulolytic index 7.16 that similar to the formed clear zone area of Trichoderma reesei (50 mm), the optimum hydrolysis condition was achieved at 50 °C, pH 6.0, in 2 h, which produced 80% yield of MCC. Produced MCC was analyzed with ZnCl and FTIR spectrum resulting in positive results, similar to reference. The results of the organoleptic test, particle size analysis, and diffracto­gram pattern (X-Ray Diffraction) showed crystalline characteristics of MCC is similar to the reference (Avicel PH 101).

Conclusion: Cellulase Macrotermes gilvus yielded 80% MCC and higher enzymatic activity than Trichoderma reesei. Based on the organoleptic test, particle size analysis, and diffracto­gram pattern observation, MCC from kapok pericarpium has shown similar characteristics to reference (Avicel pH 101) and might be potential to be further developed.