bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ثلاثية العذاب – العظيم والأليم والمهين – في القرآن الكريم دراسة موضوعية
Authors:   ديوان الوقف السني/ دائرة التعليم الديني والدراسات الإسلامية ثانوية عبد الله بن المبارك الإسلامية, نوري نصار الهاشمي أ. م. د. أحمد
Published: January 2022

إن دراسة الثلاثيات تسعى إلى التعامل مع الطبيعة الشاملة للنصوص القرآنية، ووقع الاختيار على (ثلاثية العذاب - العظيم، والأليم، والمهين - في القرآن الكريم دراسة موضوعية) عنوانا لهذا البحث، حاولت فيه تسليط الضوء على هذه الألفاظ، والفروق الدقيقة بينها، وعلى وجه الخصوص العذاب الأخروي، فقد تنوعت الألفاظ التي يمكن حصرها في ثلاثة ألفاظ، وهي العظيم، والأليم، والمهين، واشتمل البحث على ثلاثة مباحث، بينت فيها تعريف العذاب، وتعريف العظيم، والأليم والمهين، وثلاثية العذاب العظيم، والأليم، والمهين، وتبين أن العذاب العظيم هو أشد أنواع العذاب، والأليم هو المؤلم الموصوف بشدة الألم وفظاعته، أما العذاب المهين، فهو الذي يهان من وقع عليه، وإن تنوع العذاب إنما كان لتنوع الآثام، فلكل إثم جزاؤه، والعظيم هو العذاب الجامع لجميع الأوصاف.
الصفة الخطية للكلام / دراسة لسانية في تفسير الرازي (مفاتيح الغيب)
Authors:   كلية اللغات / جامعة بغداد, كاظم عباس د.حامد
Published: January 2022

هذا البحث يعنى بدراسة بعض المظاهر اللسانية التي اثارها فخر الدين الرازي في تفسيره الكبير المعروف ب(مفاتيح الغيب) والوقوف عندما يعرف في اللسانيات المعاصرة بالصفة الخطية للكلام وقد وقد اثبت البحث ان الرازي اكد ما نسطلح عليه اليوم ب(الصفة الخطية للكلام) اي ان الدال ذو طبيعة سمعيه وانه يجري في الزمن وحده
الكبائر (الزنا، اللواط) وتأثيرها على الفئات المجتمعية وعلاجها من وجهة نظر الشريعة الإسلامية
Authors:   مديرية تربية الكرخ الاولى, رياض خليل محمد م.م.غفران
Published: January 2022

يلقي هذا البحث الضوء على الكبائر (الزنا واللواط) باعتبارها جريمتان حرمتها الشرائع السماوية، ومنها خاتمتها الشريعة الإسلامية، حيث تظهر في الآيات القرآنية التي تتحدث عن الكبائر الابعاد النفسية والاجتماعية تحذيراً وردعاً وزجراً قبل وقوع الجريمة، ولقد أصلح الله تعالى الأرض بالرسالات السماوية التي حرمت تلك الكبائر كي تنتظم الحياة والكون، ويعيش الفرد حياة العفة والطهر سالماً من الأقذار والأرجاس، فقد تضمنت الرسالة الإسلامية، مجموعة من التدابير الوقائية والأساليب العلاجية التي لو طبقتها الأمة لعاشت حياة كريمة عامرة بالأهداف النبيلة.
المقاصد العقدية المستنبطة من قوله تعالى هو عليه هين
Authors:   الأستاذ المشارك بقسم العقيدة قسم العقيدة - كلية الدعوة وأصول الدين - جامعة أم القرى, بنت صالح بن سالم العلواني د/ إيمان
Published: January 2022

الملخص أردت أن أتناول هذا الموضوع؛ لأهمية المقاصد العقدية، ودورها في تنظيم حياة الفرد والمجتمع، والحديث عن مقاصد قوله تعالى :﴿ هو عليه هين ﴾ لتبسيط معانيها للمثقف العام بما يهدف إلى تحقيق الإيمان بقدرة الخالق وتوحيده. لذلك كان هذا البحث، والذي يشمل: مقدمة، وتمهيد، ومباحث الأول: مفهوم المقاصد العقدية وأقسامها، والثاني:المقاصد العقدية في قوله تعالى:﴿ هو عليه هين ﴾، وخاتمة تضمنت أهم النتائج منها: مع اختلاف سياق هذه الآية في قصتين مختلفتين إلا أن الاتفاق متحقق فيهما بإظهار قدرة الباري في منحه وعطاياه لعباده المؤمنين، وإن تخللت هذه المنح والعطايا محن وبلايا. وكذلك تنوعت المقاصد العقدية في هذه الآية فظهر مقصد الإعجاز، وحسن الظن بالله ، والهداية، والتسخير، والرضا بالقضاء والقدر. وتوصيات أهمها:عمل دراسة متخصصة في جميع مقاصد أركان الإيمان عند السلف الصالح بالاستناد إلى كتبهم وأقوال علمائهم.
جدليّة العقل والنّقل وعلاقتهما بالاستدلال في مسائل الاعتقاد بين مدرستي أهل الحديث والأشاعرة.
Authors:   جامعة القصيم, بن ناصر بن محمد العواد بدر
Published: January 2022

يتناول هذا البحث واحدةً من أهمّ المسائل التي طال فيها الجدل بين المدارس الإسلاميّة، وهي ثنائيّة العقل والنّقل وطبيعة العلاقة بينهما، وذلك في نقطتين مركزيتين: النّقطة الأولى: هل يمكن أن يقع تعارض حقيقيّ بين العقل والنّقل؟ فبينما يرى أهل الحديث أنّ هذا الافتراض افتراض عقلي لا وجود له على أرض الواقع متى ما كان النّصُّ صحيحًا والعقل صريحًا، وأنّ ما ادُّعي منه فلأسباب خارجيّة، نجد أنّ المدرسة الأشعريّة تتبنّى القولَ بإمكانيّة وقوع تعارض حقيقيّ بل تؤكِّد وقوعه فعلًا. النّقطة الثّانية: لمن تكون الأولويّة: للنّقل أم للعقل؟ فأمّا مدرسة أهل الحديث فتوجب اعتماد كلّ ما ثبت بالنّصّ دون توقّف على النّظر العقليّ، بخلاف الأشعريّة الذين أخّروا رتبة النّصّ وجعلوا معيار القبول والرَّدّ خاضعًا للعقل وقواطع أحكامه.
Airborne observation during KORUS-AQ show aerosol optical depth are more spatially self-consistent than aerosol intensive properties
Authors: LeBlanc Samuel E. , Segal-Rozenhaimer Michal , Redemann Jens , Flynn Connor J. , Johnson Roy R. , Dunagan Stephen E. , Dahlgren Robert , Kim Jhoon , Choi Myungje , da Silva Arlindo M. , Castellanos Patricia , Tan Qian , Ziemba Luke , Thornhill Kenneth Lee , Kacenelenbogen Meloë S.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Aerosol particles can be emitted, transported, removed, or transformed, leading to aerosol variability at scales impacting the climate (days to years and over hundreds of kilometers) or the air quality (hours to days and from meters to hundreds of kilometers). We present the temporal and spatial scales of changes in AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth), and aerosol size (using Angstrom Exponent; AE, and Fine-Mode-Fraction; FMF) over Korea during the 2016 KORUS-AQ (KORea-US Air Quality) atmospheric experiment. We use measurements and retrievals of aerosol optical properties from airborne instruments for remote sensing (4STAR; Spectrometers for Sky-Scanning Sun Tracking Atmospheric Research) and in situ (LARGE; NASA Langley Aerosol Research Group Experiment) on board the NASA DC-8, geostationary satellite (GOCI; Geostationary Ocean Color Imager; Yonsei aerosol retrieval (YAER) version 2) and reanalysis (MERRA-2; Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2). Measurements from 4STAR when flying below 500 m, show an average AOD at 501 nm of 0.43 and an average AE of 1.15 with large standard deviation (0.32 and 0.26 for AOD and AE respectively) likely due to mixing of different aerosol types (fine and coarse mode). The majority of AODs due to fine mode aerosol is observed at altitudes lower than 2 km. Even though there are large variations, for 18 out of the 20 flight days, the column AOD measurements by 4STAR along the NASA DC-8 flight trajectories matches the south-Korean regional average derived from GOCI. We also observed that, contrary to prevalent understanding, AE and FMF are more spatially variable than AOD during KORUS-AQ, even when accounting for potential sampling biases by using Monte Carlo resampling. Averaging between measurements and model for the entire KORUS-AQ period, a reduction in correlation by 15 % is 65.0 km for AOD and shorter at 22.7 km for AE. While there are observational and model differences, the predominant factor influencing spatial-temporal homogeneity is the meteorological period. High spatio-temporal variability occur during the dynamic period (25–31 May), and low spatio-temporal variability occur during blocking Rex pattern (01–07 June). The changes in spatial variability scales between AOD and FMF/AE, while inter-related, indicate that microphysical processes that impact mostly the dominant aerosol size, like aerosol particle formation, growth, and coagulation, vary at shorter scales than the aerosol concentration processes that mostly impact AOD, like aerosol emission, transport, and removal.
Kinetics, SOA yields and chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol from β-caryophyllene ozonolysis with and without nitrogen oxides between 213 and 313 K
Authors: Gao Linyu , Song Junwei , Mohr Claudia , Huang Wei , Vallon Magdalena , Jiang Feng , Leisner Thomas , Saathoff Harald
Published: January 2022

Abstract. β-caryophyllene (BCP) is one of the most important sesquiterpenes (SQTs) in the atmosphere, with a large potential contribution to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation mainly from reactions with ozone (O3) and nitrate radicals (NO3). In this work, we study the temperature dependence of the kinetics of BCP ozonolysis, SOA yields, and SOA chemical composition in the dark and in the absence and presence of nitrogen oxides including nitrate radicals (NO3). We cover a temperature range of 213 K – 313 K, representative of tropospheric conditions. The oxidized components in both gas and particle phases were characterized on a molecular level by a Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer equipped with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols using iodide as the reagent ion (FIGAERO-iodide-CIMS). The batch mode experiments were conducted in the 84.5 m3 aluminium simulation chamber AIDA at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). In the absence of nitrogen oxides, the temperature-dependent rate coefficient of the endocyclic double bond in BCP reacting with ozone between 243 – 313 K are negatively correlated with temperature, corresponding to the following Arrhenius equation: k = (1.6 ± 0.4)  × 10−15 × exp((559 ± 97)/T). The SOA yields increase from 16 ± 5 % to 37 ± 11% with temperatures decreasing from 313 K to 243 K at a total organic particle mass of 10 µg m−3. The variation of the ozonolysis temperature leads to substantial impact on the abundance of individual organic molecules. In the absence of nitrogen oxides, monomers C14-15H22-24O3-7 (37.4 %), dimers C28-30H44-48O5-9 (53.7 %) and trimers C41-44H62-66O9-11 (8.6 %) are abundant in the particle phase at 213 K. At 313 K, we observed more oxidized monomers (mainly C14-15H22-24O6-9, 67.5 %) and dimers (mainly C27-29H42-44O9-11, 27.6 %), including highly oxidized molecules (HOMs, C14H22O7,9, C15H22O7,9 C15H24O7,9) which can be formed via hydrogen shift mechanisms, but no significant trimers. In presence of nitrogen oxides, the organonitrate fraction increased from 3 % at 213 K to 12 % and 49 % at 243 K and 313 K, respectively. Most of the organonitrates were monomers with C15 skeletons and only one nitrate group. Higher oxygenated organonitrates were observed at higher temperatures, with their signal-weighted O : C atomic ratio increasing from 0.41 to 0.51 from 213 K to 313 K. New dimeric and trimeric organic species without nitrogen atoms (C20, C35) were formed in presence of nitrogen oxides at 298–313 K indicating potential new reaction pathways. Overall, our results show that increasing temperatures lead to a relatively small decrease of the rate coefficient of the endocyclic double bond in BCP reacting with ozone, but to a strong decrease in SOA yields. In contrast, the formation of HOMs and organonitrates increases significantly with temperature.
GC Insights: Identifying conditions that sculpted bedforms – human insights to building an effective AI (artificial intelligence)
Authors: Hillier John K. , Unsworth Chris , De Clerk Luke , Savel'ev Sergey
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Insights from a geoscience communication activity,
verified using preliminary investigations with an artificial neural network,
illustrate that observation of humans' abilities can help design an
effective artificial intelligence or “AI”. Even given only one set of
“training” examples, survey participants could visually recognize which flow
conditions created bedforms (e.g. sand dunes and riverbed ripples) from their
shapes, but an interpreter's geoscience expertise does not help. Together,
these observations were interpreted as indicating that a machine learning
algorithm might be trained successfully from limited data, particularly if
it is “helped” by pre-processing bedforms into a simple shape familiar from childhood play.
CMIP6 simulations with the compact Earth system model OSCAR v3.1
Authors: Quilcaille Yann , Gasser Thomas , Ciais Philippe , Boucher Olivier
Published: January 2022

Abstract. While Earth system models (ESMs) are process-based and can be run at high resolutions, they are only limited by computational costs. Reduced complexity models, also called simple climate models or compact models, provide a much cheaper alternative, although at a loss of spatial information. Their structure relies on the sciences of the Earth system, but with a calibration against the most complex models. Therefore it remains important to evaluate and validate reduced complexity models. Here, we diagnose such a model the newest version of OSCAR (v3.1) using observations and results from ESMs from the current Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6. A total of 99 experiments are selected for simulation with OSCAR v3.1 in a probabilistic framework, reaching a total of 567,700,000 simulated years. A first highlight of this exercise that the ocean carbon cycle of the model may diverge under some parametrizations and for high-warming scenarios. The diverging runs caused by this unstability were discarded in the post-processing. Then, each physical parametrization is weighted based on its performance against a set of observations, providing us with constrained results. Overall, OSCAR v3.1 shows good agreement with observations, ESMs and emerging properties. It qualitively reproduces the responses of complex ESMs, for all aspects of the Earth system. We observe some quantitative differences with these models, most of them being due to the observational constraints. Some specific features of OSCAR also contribute to these differences, such as its fully interactive atmospheric chemistry and endogenous calculations of biomass burning, wetlands CH4 and permafrost CH4 and CO2 emissions. The main points of improvements are a low sensitivity of the land carbon cycle to climate change, an unstability of the ocean carbon cycle, the seemingly too simple climate module, and the too strong climate feedback involving short-lived species. Beyond providing a key diagnosis of the OSCAR model in the context of the reduced-complexity models intercomparison project (RCMIP), this work is also meant to help with the upcoming calibration of OSCAR on CMIP6 results, and to provide a large group of CMIP6 simulations run consistently within a probabilistic framework.
Bedrock depth influences spatial patterns of summer baseflow, temperature, and flow disconnection for mountainous headwater streams
Authors: Briggs Martin A. , Goodling Phillip , Johnson Zachary C. , Rogers Karli M. , Hitt Nathaniel P. , Fair Jennifer B. , Snyder Craig D.
Published: January 2022

Abstract. In mountain headwater streams the quality and resilience of cold-water habitat is regulated by surface stream channel connectivity and groundwater exchange. These critical hydrologic processes are thought to be influenced by the stream corridor bedrock contact depth (sediment thickness), which is often inferred from sparse hillslope borehole information, piezometer refusal, and remotely sensed data. To investigate how local bedrock depth might control summer stream temperature and channel disconnection (dewatering) patterns, we measured stream corridor bedrock depth by collecting and interpreting 191 passive seismic datasets along eight headwater streams in Shenandoah National Park (Virginia USA). In addition, we used multiyear stream temperature and streamflow records to calculate summer baseflow metrics along and among the study streams. Finally, comprehensive visual surveys of stream channel dewatering were conducted in 2016, 2019, and 2021 during summer baseflow conditions (124 total km of stream length). We found that measured bedrock depths were not well-characterized by soils maps or an existing global-scale geologic dataset, where the latter overpredicted measured depths by 12.2 m (mean), or approximately four times the average bedrock depth of 2.9 m. Half of the eight study stream corridors had an average bedrock depth of less than 2 m. Of the eight study streams, Staunton River had the deepest average bedrock depth (3.4 m), the coldest summer temperature profiles, and substantially higher summer baseflow indices compared to the other study steams. Staunton River also exhibited paired air and water annual temperature signals suggesting deeper groundwater influence, and the stream channel did not dewater in lower sections during any baseflow survey. In contrast, streams Paine Run and Piney River did show pronounced, patchy channel dewatering, with Paine Run having dozens of discrete dry channel sections ranging 1 to greater than 300 m in length. Stream dewatering patterns were apparently influenced by a combination of discrete deep bedrock (20 m+) features and more subtle sediment thickness variation (1–4 m), depending on local stream valley hydrogeology. In combination these unique datasets show the first large-scale empirical support for existing conceptual models of headwater stream disconnection based on underflow capacity and shallow groundwater supply.
Arctic sea level variability from high-resolution model simulations and implications for the Arctic observing system
Authors: Lyu Guokun , Serra Nuno , Zhou Meng , Stammer Detlef
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Two high-resolution model simulations are used to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of the Arctic Ocean sea level. The model simulations reveal barotropic sea level variability at periods of < 30 d, which is strongly captured by bottom pressure observations. The seasonal sea level variability is driven by volume exchanges with the Pacific and Atlantic oceans and the redistribution of the water by the wind. Halosteric effects due to river runoff and evaporation minus precipitation ice melting/formation also contribute in the marginal seas and seasonal sea ice extent regions. In the central Arctic Ocean, especially the Canadian Basin, the decadal halosteric effect dominates sea level variability. The study confirms that satellite altimetric observations and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) could infer the total freshwater content changes in the Canadian Basin at periods longer than 1 year, but they are unable to depict the seasonal and subseasonal freshwater content changes. The increasing number of profiles seems to capture freshwater content changes since 2007, encouraging further data synthesis work with a more complicated interpolation method. Further, in situ hydrographic observations should be enhanced to reveal the freshwater budget and close the gaps between satellite altimetry and GRACE, especially in the marginal seas.
‘Based on a True Story’: The problem of the perception of biographical truth in narratives based on real lives
Authors: Brien Donna Lee
Published: January 2022

Despite a sustained interest in the ethical issues around writing narratives that are ‘based on true stories’, much of the public discourse around this matter has fallen into a repetitive and non-productive rut. This begins when a published work, usually a memoir or work of investigative, biographically focused journalism, is exposed to contain some obvious untruth. Outraged media commentary fans a firestorm of literary scandal, which often increases book sales and then dies out. While these conflagrations could prompt significant investigation around both the complexity of attempting to represent reality in writing as well as what contemporary readers’ demands for authenticity reveals about them, too often public discussion as well as more scholarly discourse stalls either at the same stage of backward-looking moral superiority or post-modernist explanations that all truth is relative. This paper uses a detailed case study approach, focusing on a series of factually based works by Australian playwright Nick Enright to illuminate some of the practical and ethical challenges writers face when they draw on the power of real stories to create cultural product.
Historical fiction and history: members of the same family
Authors: Tony Gibbons Emily Sutherland,
Published: January 2022

Historians and the writers of historical fiction appear constantly at odds witheach other. It would be more fitting if the way in which they complement each other was given due recognition. Historians seek to produce an interpretative account of the past bounded by a strict adherence to certain types of source material. This necessarily places a limitation on what they might write about the past. Writers of historical fiction, while using and doing justice to historical research, are not subject to the same limitations. They have more licence to use imaginative narrative to complement and extend the historical account. It must be recognised, however, that both disciplines are dealing with the human condition. As a result historians make use not only of primary sources, but also of imaginative writing from the era that they are studying. Writers of historical fiction, in turn, make use of the perceptive accounts of historians. Fundamentally, the limits placed on both disciplines are those derived from rationality. While members of the same rational family, they may have a different view of what counts as reasonable and this is not a cause for concern or contumely.
Eyemouth: The Origins of a Novel
Authors: Harrison Keith
Published: January 2022

Where does a book of fiction begin? William Faulkner says a writer has three sources: autobiography, observation, and imagination. If observation includes research, i.e., other people’s observations, then all three sources contributed much to the making of my novel,

Eyemouth.

.
Representing Indigeneity: a reflection on motivation and issues
Authors: Robins Allan
Published: January 2022

Non-Indigenous Australian authors representing Indigeneity in their work need to address a number of issues, including the fundamental question of whether to do so. Having incorporated representations of Indigeneity in a children’s novel written as part of my PhD thesis, I traced the origins and evolution of my representational practices in the novel through the other component of the thesis, a multi-genre exegesis. The processes of writing both components raised a range of issues, including questions of motivation; my right, responsibility and competence to represent; and the strategies employed in both components to address some of these questions. In this paper I reflect on these issues, and conclude that my efforts have been unavoidably far from perfect, yet worthwhile as a stage in ongoing negotiations of meaning and power between non-Indigenous and Indigenous cultures in Australia, and that non-Indigenous writers like myself need to be conscious that our efforts are never, and can never be, purely benevolent and/or selfless.
Recuperating writers - and writing: the potential of writing therapy
Authors: Philip Neilsen Ffion Murphy,
Published: January 2022

Writing therapy usefully creates, or makes explicit, common ground between literature and medicine, arts and sciences, and between clinical and community sectors and the academy. It draws upon multiple theories of language, memory, pain, subjectivity, identity, creativity, and the unconscious and is a site at which the concerns of established and emerging disciplines and interest groups coalesce; for example, literary studies, psychoanalysis, narrative therapy, narrative medicine, trauma studies, human rights, life-writing, and testimony studies. This article maps the field to indicate the breadth and potential of writing therapy as well as its risks and difficulties, and also suggests ways in which the practice and theory of therapeutic writing relates to and might be compatible with the practice and theory of creative and life-writing. Research suggests that writing may be most beneficial to health if it moves through developmental stages typical of writing designed for a readership. Transformation in the writing over time is relevant to both literary and health assessments. The article concludes that writing therapy presents a fascinating challenge for the discipline of creative writing and that there is potential for university writer-teachers to investigate writing therapy in academic, health science and community settings.
Writing/rights: creative practice and political action
Authors: Jen Webb Jordan Williams,
Published: January 2022

Recently a number of conferences and exhibitions have focused on the relationship between creative practice and human rights, and writers, visual and performance artists and others have protested human rights abuses and/or made work that specifically responds to current problems. But what is art capable of doing in the face of global political events, economic problems and socio-cultural catastrophes - and what is its responsibility? This paper discusses some ideas that emerge from the literature, and also some trends in Australian publishing after September 11.
Notes on reading, provocation (and disruption)
Authors: Vesk Karin
Published: January 2022

This essay explores links between centos, the commonplace book, the essay and the weblog. In analysing the connections between past and present literary modes the article raises the possibility that the ancient cento (mosaic poem) may have a new life in the twenty-first century. While intentionally disjointed, the piece also attempts to discuss the practice of reading and writing. It look sat the roles of readers and authors, and readers as authors and makes a case for, in Edward Said’s words, ‘the liberation of as much territory as possible for discussion, analysis, contest’.

Nearly 500 years ago, Renaissance essayist Montaigne advised, ‘You should no longer be concerned with what the world says of you but with what you say to yourself’. How should we interpret these words today, at a time when it seems that no one reads anymore but everyone writes? Does the revival of interest in the essay form - inquiring, meandering, questioning and open-ended - suggest that we are tiring of strident voices and singular opinions? What is ’good’reading, and can it challenge the status quo?

Through the prism of contemporary political arguments around nationality, censorship and religion, this essay attempts its own intervention into debates in which many of us feel we have been spoken for.
The case of the writer, the academic and the magazine
Authors: Williamson Rosemary
Published: January 2022

Australia has a lively and robust special-interest magazine market. Special-interest magazines are potentially an area of employment for graduates of creative and professional writing programs, a subject of instruction for writing teachers and an object of study for researchers in the discipline; however, there is little scholarship that sheds light on the generic characteristics, production processes and industry contexts of Australian special-interest magazines. This article draws attention to this gap in scholarship and uses it as an example of a field of study that, while traditionally considered the domain of other disciplines, can be positioned within creative and professional writing to enrich teaching programs in the discipline. In doing so, the article advocates an expansive and flexible view of research, and it continues ongoing discussion in the Australian Association of Writing Programs and TEXT about the discipline’s research base.
Fiction from fatality: creative exploration of the Holocaust in fiction for young people
Authors: Page Sue
Published: January 2022

Overwhelmingly, the fictional protagonists in recent Holocaust literature for children and young adults are survivors or rescuers (a historically misleading representation); likewise, Jewish characters have been shown as the sole victims. This paper explores the political, ethical and personal issues of researching / writing Holocaust fiction for young people in which the protagonist is not Jewish, whose persecution by Nazis begins well before the Second World War is declared, and whose death - at this stage of writing - is more likely than not. Do the authorial motivations identified by Orwell still apply? Can an aesthetic motivation be asserted for a story of brutality, and is the writing of such fiction - particularly when the intent is to make it as historically accurate as possible - in effect a mediated reproduction of that brutality on contemporary readers who may identify personally with the protagonist? What line should an author for young people take between envisaging and revisioning history?
Mechanism of Silver Nanoparticles Deposition by Electrolysis and Electroless Methods on a Graphite Substrate
Authors:   Chemical and electrochemical treatment Lab. Mineral Processing Dept. Central metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Cairo, Egypt, Rabah Mahmoud A. , Girgis Nabil Nassif ,   Control and Surface Protection Lab, Central metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Cairo, Egypt
Published: January 2022

This study shows a silver electrodeposition model (EDM) on a graphite ‎substrate. The electrolyte was a 0.01 M solution of pure silver and chromium nitrate using an ‎electrolyzing cell. EDC with current density up to 20 mA/cm2 and 15 mV and pulse current were studied. Results revealed that silver deposited at a ‎rate of 0.515 mg/cm2/min with 12 mA /cm2 that decreases to 0.21 and 0.16 mg/cm2.min ‎with the decrease of current density to 6 and 5 mA/cm2 respectively. The model postulates that ‎silver ions (a) were first hydrated before diffusing (b) from the solution bulk to ‎the cathode vicinity, the next step (c) involved the chemical adsorption of these ions on certain ‎accessible sites of the graphite substrate (anode), the discharged entities (d) adhere to the graphite ‎surface by Van der Vales force. Silver ions are deposited because the ‎discharge potential of silver is low (0.38 mV) as compared to other metal ions like chromium (0.82 mV). Pulse ‎current controls silver deposition due to flexibility in controlling steps (a) - (c) of the ‎deposition mechanisms.
The Impact of Resistance to Change on the Implementation of Quality Management System in the Ministry of Education (General Directorate of Education in South Batinah Governorate as a Model)
Authors:   Master of Business Administration, Ministry of Education, Oman, AL Basami Hamed Salim
Published: January 2022

This study is investigating the reality of resistance to change in the light of Quality Management System (QMS) implementation in the Ministry of Education (South Batinah Directorate as a model of the study). It tries to answer some questions related to the main factors that lead to resistance to change with correlations of gender, years of experience and educational level. The method of collecting data of this study was conducting quantitatively through an electronic questionnaire including 59 participants of directors in different administrative level. The data has been analyzed statistically through SPSS. The result shows that the performance of the employees was impacted through the lack of awareness of the QMS requirements. Although, the all four factors recorded close level of resistance, the cognitive rigidity factor recorded the highest factor that lead to resistance to change. The study results can be generalized to other directorates in the Ministry of Education because the similar work environment. This study can be used to make some very crucial amendments in the future in managing QMS in the organization.
Kiến thức và thực hành tuân thủ điều trị của người bệnh tăng huyết áp đang được quản lý ngoại trú tại khoa Khám bệnh, Bệnh viện Tim mạch An Giang năm 2021
Authors: Khương Nguyễn Tiến , Đức Dương Minh , Châu Phạm Ngọc
Published: January 2022

Đặt vấn đề: Tăng huyết áp (THA) là một bệnh mãn tính cần tuân thủ điều trị (TTĐT) để giảm thiểu các biến chứng. Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá Kiến thức và Thực hành về tuân thủ điều trị tăng huyết áp của người bệnh tăng huyết áp đang được quản lý ngoại trú tại Bệnh viện Tim mạch An Giang (BVTMAG) năm 2021.

Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang thông qua điều tra định lượng trong 2 tháng (04-06/2021) tại BVTMAG. Tổng số 210 người bệnh đang điều trị ngoại trú THA được chọn ngẫu nhiên tham gia vào phỏng vấn trực tiếp khi đến tái khám hàng tháng. Số liệu được phân tích sử dụng phần mềm SPSS 25.0.

Kết quả: 81,4% NB có kiến thức đạt về điều trị THA. Về thực hành, NB tuân thủ tái khám định kỳ đạt 98,6%, tiếp theo NB tuân thủ thay đổi lối sống 72,4%, tuân thủ đo huyết áp tại nhà chiếm tỷ lệ 65,7% và cuối cùng tuân thủ sử dụng thuốc đạt thấp nhất ở mức 49,5%. Tỷ lệ tuân thủ đúng tất cả 4 nội dung về tuân thủ điều trị có 65 người chiếm tỷ lệ 15,2%.

Kết luận: BVTMAG cần tăng cường tư vấn cho NB về TTĐT đồng thời triển khai quản lý NB qua hồ bệnh án điện tử và nhắc tái khám đúng hẹn. Đồng thời, cần huy động người thân tham gia hỗ trợ NB THA giúp tăng cường tuân thủ điều trị.
HIỆU QUẢ CAN THIỆP SỬ DỤNG TIN NHẮN DI ĐỘNG CẢI THIỆN KIẾN THỨC, THÁI ĐỘ VÀ THỰC HÀNH CỦA CHA MẸ TRONG CHĂM SÓC SỨC KHỎE RĂNG MIỆNG CHO TRẺ 3 TUỔI TẠI MỘT SỐ TRƯỜNG MẦM NON CÔNG LẬP TỈNH HÀ NAM
Authors: Tú Dương Văn , Dung Đào Thị , Nhung Tống Thị Hồng , Quyên Bùi Thị Tú
Published: January 2022

Nghiên cứu này được tiến hành nhằm đánh giá hiệu quả can thiệp sử dụng tin nhắn di động cải thiện kiến thức, thái độ và thực hành của cha mẹ trong chăm sóc sức khỏe răng miệng cho trẻ 3 tuổi tại một số trường mầm non công lập tỉnh Hà Nam. Thiết kế nghiên cứu thử nghiệm so sánh trước-sau có nhóm chứng được thực hiện trên 430 cha mẹ của trẻ 3 tuổi tại 4 trường mầm non ở thành phố Phủ Lý, tỉnh Hà Nam. Cách tiếp cận đánh giá khác biệt trong khác biệt (difference in difference) được áp dụng. Kết quả cho thấy, so với nhóm chứng, can thiệp có thể làm tăng 3,57 lần khả năng cha mẹ có kiến thức đạt ở thời điểm 6 tháng, tăng 3,46 lần khả năng cha mẹ có thái độ đạt ở thời điểm 6 tháng sau can thiệp và tăng 2,84 lần khả năng cha mẹ có thực hành đạt ở thời điểm 12 tháng sau can thiệp. Các kết quả này cho thấy tính khả thi và chấp nhận của việc triển khai các can thiệp này tới người dân để phòng chống sâu răng sớm ở trẻ.
KIẾN THỨC, THỰC HÀNH PHÒNG THIẾU MÁU DINH DƯỠNG Ở PHỤ NỮ ĐỘ TUỔI SINH ĐẺ ĐẾN KHÁM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA TỈNH BÌNH DƯƠNG NĂM 2019
Authors: Chín Huỳnh Minh , Nam Trần Phương , Đăng Nguyễn Minh , Lan Trần Thị Phương , Chương Nguyễn Hồng , Anh Võ Thị Kim
Published: January 2022

Mục tiêu: Xác định tỷ lệ kiến thức và thực hành tốt về phòng chống thiếu máu ở phụ nữ độ tuổi sinh đẻ đến khám bệnh tại Bệnh viện đa khoa (BVĐK) tỉnh Bình Dương năm 2019.

Phương pháp: Thiết kế nghiên cứu cắt ngang mô tả. Nghiên cứu thực hiện bằng phỏng vấn trực tiếp đối tượng nghiên cứu theo bộ câu hỏi cấu trúc.

Kết quả: Điểm kiến thức về phòng chống thiếu máu của đối tượng nghiên cứu rất thấp trung bình là 26,2 ± 3,9 điểm (thang điểm 0-51). Điểm thực hành về phòng chống thiếu máu của đối tượng nghiên cứu trung bình là 7,7 ± 1,8 điểm (thang điểm 0-11). Tỷ lệ kiến thức chung đúng về phòng chống thiếu máu của phụ nữ tuổi sinh đẻ rất thấp, chỉ đạt 12,4%, tuy nhiên tỷ lệ thực hành chung tốt tương đối cao hơn với 52,2%. Tỷ lệ thực hành tốt ở nhóm 40-49 tuổi thấp hơn  nhóm 18-29 tuổi (OR=0,32; 95%CI: 0,12-0,78; p<0,05). Ở nhóm trình độ học vấn tiểu học thấp hơn so với nhóm THPT (OR= 0,18; 95%CI: 0,06-0,47; p<0,05) và nhóm THCS (OR=0,42; 95%CI: 0,21-0,86; p<0,05).

Kết luận: Kiến thức và thực hành phòng chống thiếu máu ở phụ nữ tuổi sinh đẻ đến khám bệnh tại BVĐK tỉnh Bình Dương còn nhiều hạn chế, cần chú trọng công tác truyền thông, giáo dục sức khỏe và cung cấp các giải pháp hỗ trợ, nhằm cải thiện tình trạng thiếu máu ở phụ nữ.
THỰC TRẠNG AN TOÀN VỆ SINH LAO ĐỘNG CỦA CÔNG NHÂN CÔNG TY INNOV GREEN KHU KINH TẾ NGHI SƠN HUYỆN TĨNH GIA TỈNH THANH HÓA NĂM 2019
Authors: Tuyến Phạm Văn , Nhu Ngô Thị , Hạnh Lê Thị Kiều , Sinh Đỗ Minh
Published: January 2022

Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được tiến hành tại Công ty Innov Green từ tháng 9/2019 đến tháng 12/2019 dựa trên công cụ đo đạc đánh giá môi trường lao động nhằm mục đích đánh giá điều kiện an toàn vệ sinh lao động tại công ty này. Kết quả cho thấy công ty có hội đồng bảo hộ lao động và mạng lưới an toàn vệ sinh viên. 7/7 các chỉ tiêu về vi khí hậu, bụi và hơi khí độc, dung môi hữu cơ đều đạt tiêu chuẩn cho phép và 3/5 mẫu tiếng ồn đạt tiêu chuẩn cho phép.
Cornerstones of teaching tennis for children aged four to six years
Authors: Lelonek Magdalena , Unierzyski Piotr , Lelonek Grzegorz
Published: January 2022

The first tennis training stage, which usually takes place between four and six years of age, cannot simply follow an adult training regime with quantitatively reduced loads. Training should account for children’s cognitive, emotional, social, physical and motor development. This article highlights the cornerstones of early tennis teaching, including fundamental motor skills, which help to develop more complex motor actions, and motor abilities, especially strength fitness, which determines posture, jumping, running and throws. This is achieved through fun plays and games, which should include various coordination tasks providing motor experiences and develop more complex actions in future.
Cập nhật khuyến cáo mới về viêm thận lupus
Authors: Hà Nguyễn Lê , Lan Nguyễn Thị Thu , Long Lương Hoàng , Lâm Hoàng Thị
Published: January 2022

Viêm thận lupus là biến chứng thường gặp ở bệnh lupus ban đỏ hệ thống và có thể tiến triển đến suy thận mạn tính, bệnh thận giai đoạn cuối, gia tăng tỷ lệ tử vong. Các khuyến cáo hiện tại trên thế giới tập trung vào chẩn đoán sớm, phân loại chính xác và cá thể hóa điều trị. Sinh thiết thận cần thiết để giúp chẩn đoán, hướng dẫn điều trị và tiên lượng tiến triển bệnh. Đối với viêm thận lupus thể tăng sinh, phác đồ điều trị tấn công (với mycophenolate mofetil- MMF hoặc cyclophosphamide- CYC) và phác đồ duy trì (với MMF hoặc azathioprin- AZA) tiếp tục được khuyến cáo. Liệu pháp đa mục tiêu và các thuốc kháng tế bào lympho B được đề xuất trong trường hợp kháng điều trị chuẩn.
Women with Severe Anemia in Labor: Fetomaternal Outcomes
Authors: Bansal Priyanka , Singhal Anand
Published: January 2022

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is the leading medical disorder in developing countries like India. Women with severe anemia in labor is a challenging situation for the obstetrician with increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. It has multifactorial etiology, Main cause of anemia in obstetrics is iron deficiency. There are specific risks for the mother like preterm labour pain, IUGR baby, preeclampsia, antepartum haemorrhage, sepsis etc and the fetus such as prematurity, lowbirth weight, birth asphyxia etc.
Aim and Objectives: To determine the socio-demographic variables and also the maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women admitted to labour room with severe anemia (Hb <7gm%) late in pregnancy.
Results: It was seen that out of 50 severely anemic women, 82% had Hb between 4-7 gm% and 18% had Hb < 4gm%. Severe anemia is seen in 82% unbooked patients and only in 18% booked patients. There was increased incidence of preterm delivery, PPH, preeclampsia, eclampsia, mortality in anemic group as compared to non anemic group. Among the adverse fetal outcomes, there was increased incidence of intrauterine deaths, intrauterine growth restriction, NICU admission, low birth weight among the anemic group as compared to non anemic group.
Conclusions: Severely anemic women reporting in labor had significantly high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Even a minor blood loss is much devastating for such patients. Extrapolating our observations, it can be said that a close vigilance, anticipation of complications and appropriate care and interventions during labor and puerperium will help in improving outcomes in these severely anemic women. Awareness and education on early antenatal bookings, regular iron intake and continuous antenatal care should be the goal in tackling anemia in pregnancy.

Key words: Anaemia, Iron deficiency, Intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, maternal outcome, neonatal outcome.
Effect of Scapular Kinesiotaping as an Adjunct to Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises on Upper Extremity Functions in Stroke Patients
Authors: Jadhav Rutuja , Pazare Shamla
Published: January 2022

Background and Purpose: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in India. Upper extremities get more affected in Middle cerebral artery syndrome. Stroke patients have lack of functional ability of upper extremity due to scapular malalignment resulting from paralysis of the scapular muscles. Kinesiotape helps to realign the muscles and thus it becomes easy to activate or inhibit them. We hypothesised that Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilisation exercises along with kinesiotape could improve upper extremity function.
Methodology: Ethical clearance was obtained. Informed consent was taken. 30 patients were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. 15 subjects were randomly divided into experimental and control group. Subjects were given Dynamic neuromuscular stabilisation exercises for scapular strengthening. The experimental group was given Kinesiotaping to the scapula using muscle technique. Pre and post treatment assessment was done using Upper Extremity Function Index, grip strength and scapular abduction position with MB ruler.
Result: The intergroup comparison revealed a highly significant difference for upper extremity function index and grip strength whereas scapular abduction was not significant.
Conclusion: The Scapular Kinesiotaping as an adjunct to Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises is significantly effective to improve upper extremity functions and grip strength in post stroke patients.

Key words: Stroke, Upper Extremity Functions, Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Exercises, Scapular Kinesiotaping.
Impact of the Ayurveda Treatment Protocol in the Management of COVID -19
Authors: P. Sailekha , K B Sudhikumar
Published: January 2022

Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-COV-2, which can cause severe respiratory illness and complications in patients. Recognizing Ayurveda's endless possibilities for improving immunity and preventing disease progression, the Ministry of AYUSH developed and approved the Ayurvedic protocol for handling Covid-19. Even though Ayurveda practitioners have been prescribing medicines to the Covid-19 patients since approval, no studies have been reported from Kerala regarding the effectiveness of the Ayurveda Treatment approaches. Hence the School of Fundamental Research in Ayurveda designed an observational study to evaluate the impact of the Ayurveda Treatment approaches in the management of Covid -19. The study result affirms that the Ayurvedic treatment method is very effective against Covid-19 and the role of Ayurveda in addressing the Covid-19 challenge is invaluable.

Key words: Covid-19, Ayurvedic protocol, School of Fundamental Research in Ayurveda.
A Study on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Bhopal
Authors: S Keerthana , Kamble Mugdha , Khare Neeraj
Published: January 2022

Background: The coronavirus has become a global pandemic and to overcome the pandemic crisis vaccine were launched in India. COVID-19 mass immunisation has emerged as a crucial preventive technique. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy may become a distinctive element of the pandemic's next stage. The loss of public trust in vaccines around the world is a source of concern and a serious problem for public health professionals. A study was therefore planned in Bhopal to determine whether hesitancy is present in a population and to distinguish hesitancy from other reasons why adults do not get vaccinated. The study was conducted with the objective as to assess the vaccine hesitancy in Bhopal.
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among the general population of Bhopal during the time period between 2oth Jan to Feb 2021. 381 participants were administered with a predesigned pretested questionnaire.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 33.8 years. Majority was unskilled workers, Hindu by religion and most of them were married. 57.3 % showed hesitancy for COVID vaccination. Majority had the knowledge of vaccine. Television was the major source of information. Almost 80% responded as they would continue practicing personal protective measures even after vaccination. The major reasons for hesitancy were lack of information, safety about vaccination, and side effects from the same. The public demands the proper information about the vaccine and educate the general public and communicate the important information regarding vaccinations.
Conclusion: Routine monitoring of vaccine hesitancy plays a valuable role in identifying early vaccine concerns. And adopt the strategies to address these concerns, through in-depth understanding of the nature of hesitancy, as well as who is hesitating. Given the dynamic and changing nature of vaccine hesitancy, the importance of ongoing monitoring cannot be overstated.

Key words: COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccine, SARS-COV2 vaccine, Vaccine hesitancy, Vaccine resistance, Vaccine opposition.
A Comparative Study of Efficacy of Miniature Punch Grafting and Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy in Treatment of Focal Stable Vitiligo in 50 Cases
Authors: Soyal Vijay , Vora Deval N , Makwana Jinali
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Vitiligo, a depigmented skin disorder is characterized by selective loss of melanocytes, which in turn leads to pigment dilution in the affected areas of the skin. The characteristic lesion is a totally amelanotic, non scaly, chalky white macule with distinct margins. If the disease is not progressing for the past one year it is described as stable vitiligo. There are various treatment options available for the treatment of focal stable vitiligo. It can be safely treated with miniature punch grafting as well as platelet rich plasma therapy.
Aims and Objectives: Aim of this study is to compare efficacy of miniature punch grafting and platelet rich plasma therapy and to evaluate the outcome of treatment of focal stable vitiligo.
Materials and Methods: Total 50 patients were selected and divided into two groups. One group was treated with miniature punch grafting while the other group underwent platelet rich plasma therapy. Pre-treatment and post treatment assessment was done by VASI (Vitiligo area scoring index) score.
Result: A total of 25 patients were selected for grafting. Perigraft pigmentation was evident from 3rd week of grafting steadily increasing up to the end point of record i.e 6months. 17 patients showed good response, 4 patients showed average response while 4 patients showed poor or no response at all.
Out of the 25 patients taken for platelet rich plasma therapy, 7 patients showed good response, 7 patients showed average response while 11 patients showed poor or no response at all.
Conclusion: Miniature punch grafting showed better response as compared to platelet rich plasma therapy but both the therapies have their pros and shortcomings.

Keywords: Vitiligo, miniature punch grafting, platelet rich plasma, VASI.
Terapirommet er ikke et nøytralt rom. Om Friluftssykehuset og potensialet i de fysiske omgivelsene for barn og unge i behandling.
Authors: Johnsen Svein Åge Kjøs , Lindheim Maren Østvold , Lappegard Hauge Åshild
Published: January 2022

Background and aim: The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how we can use nature cabins and their natural surroundings therapeutically.

Method: Published research of relevance for this therapeutic practice is discussed in relation to and informed by experiences from practice, collected through conversations with therapists using the Outdoor care retreat at Rikshospitalet in Norway.

Results: The literature review demonstrates how therapy in nature cabins can influence cognitive and emotional processes. All physical environments carry symbolic meanings; therefore, no therapy setting is neutral, and the setting will affect the client and therapist. Place attachment may contribute to create a safe foundation for exploration and self-development. The experiences from practice demonstrate how nature and natural objects are rich in potential for the creative application of symbols in therapy and opens for different stories on growth and development.

Conclusions and implications: The evidence-based approach of this article supplies a therapeutic rationale to use cabins in natural surroundings more strategically for positive therapeutic outcomes.

Keywords: nature, architecture, therapy settings, hospital environments.
Barn i fysisk aktivitet: MMIs data om barns deltakelse og involvering i idrett og egenorganisert fysisk aktivitet
Authors: Sandseter Ellen Beate Hansen
Published: January 2022

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Forskningsmetodiske utfordringer i studiet av barnekultur
Authors: Løkken Gunvor
Published: January 2022

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