bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical achirality in geometrically chiral rotamers of hydrazine and boranylborane molecules
Authors: Pagola Gabriel I. , Ferraro Marta B. , Provasi Patricio F. , Pelloni Stefano , Lazzeretti Paolo
Published: July 2021

The diagonal components and the trace of tensors which account for chiroptical response of the hydrazine molecule N2H4, that is, static anapole magnetizability and frequency‐dependent electric dipole‐magnetic dipole polarisability, are a function of the H─N─N─H dihedral angle. They vanish for symmetry reasons at ϕ = 0° and ϕ = 180°, corresponding respectively to C2v and C2h point group symmetries, that is, cis and trans conformers characterized by the presence of molecular symmetry planes. Nonetheless, vanishing diagonal components have been observed also in the proximity of H─N─N─H = 90°, in which the point group symmetry is C2 and hydrazine is unquestionably chiral. In the boranylborane molecule B2H4, assuming the B─B bond in the y direction, the ayy component of the anapole magnetizability tensor approximately vanishes for dihedral angles H─B─B─H corresponding to chiral rotamers which belong to D2 symmetry. Such anomalous effects have been ascribed to physical achirality of these conformers, that is, to their inability to sustain electronic current densities inducing either anapole moments, or electric and magnetic dipole moments, about the chiral axis connecting heavier atoms, as well as perpendicular directions. In other terms, the structure of certain geometrically chiral rotamers may be such that neither toroidal nor helical flow, which determine chiroptical phenomenology, can take place in the presence of perturbing fields parallel or orthogonal to the chiral axis.
MYPATH: A novel mindfulness and yoga‐based peer leader intervention to prevent violence among youth experiencing homelessness
Authors: Barr Nicholas , Petering Robin , Onasch‐Vera Laura , Thompson Nichole , Polsky Ryan
Published: July 2021

Young adults experiencing homelessness (YAEH) are at elevated risk for violence victimization and perpetration. However, there are no evidence‐based violence prevention interventions for homeless populations. This study is an evaluation of a novel mindfulness‐based peer‐leader intervention designed to reduce violence and improve mindfulness in YAEH. A social network of YAEH receiving services at a drop‐in agency was recruited in Summer 2018 (n = 106) and peer‐leaders identified at baseline (n = 12). Peer leaders were trained in mindfulness and yoga skills during a 1‐day intensive workshop and seven 1‐h weekly follow‐up workshops and encouraged to share their knowledge with in‐network peers. Postintervention data were collected 2 and 3 months after baseline. Two one‐way repeated‐measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) tested differences in means for mindfulness and fighting. ANOVA models showed significant increases in group mean mindfulness F(2, 110) = 3.42, p < 0.05 and significant decreases in group mean violent behavior F(2, 112) = 5.23, p < 0.01 at the network level. Findings indicate a network‐based, peer‐leader model can be effective for influencing complex, socially conditioned attitudes and behaviors among YAEH. Additional advantages of the peer‐leader model include relatively few direct‐service person‐hours required from providers and convenience to participants able practice skills in their relevant social contexts.
Automatic detection of papilledema through fundus retinal images using deep learning
Authors: Saba Tanzila , Akbar Shahzad , Kolivand Hoshang , Ali Bahaj Saeed
Published: July 2021

Papilledema is a syndrome of the retina in which retinal optic nerve is inflated by elevation of intracranial pressure. The papilledema abnormalities such as retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) opacification may lead to blindness. These abnormalities could be seen through capturing of retinal images by means of fundus camera. This paper presents a deep learning‐based automated system that detects and grades the papilledema through U‐Net and Dense‐Net architectures. The proposed approach has two main stages. First, optic disc and its surrounding area in fundus retinal image are localized and cropped for input to Dense‐Net which classifies the optic disc as papilledema or normal. Second, consists of preprocessing of Dense‐Net classified papilledema fundus image by Gabor filter. The preprocessed papilledema image is input to U‐Net to achieve the segmented vascular network from which the vessel discontinuity index (VDI) and vessel discontinuity index to disc proximity (VDIP) are calculated for grading of papilledema. The VDI and VDIP are standard parameter to check the severity and grading of papilledema. The proposed system is evaluated on 60 papilledema and 40 normal fundus images taken from STARE dataset. The experimental results for classification of papilledema through Dense‐Net are much better in terms of sensitivity 98.63%, specificity 97.83%, and accuracy 99.17%. Similarly, the grading results for mild and severe papilledema classification through U‐Net are also much better in terms of sensitivity 99.82%, specificity 98.65%, and accuracy 99.89%. The deep learning‐based automated detection and grading of papilledema for clinical purposes is first effort in state of art.
Exploring genetic counselors’ use of pedigree symbols to represent assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Lepard Tassin Tiffany , Seraji Kynoosh , Simonson Melinda , Chou Carrie
Published: July 2021

The standardized pedigree nomenclature recommendations created by the National Society of Genetic Counselors Pedigree Standardization Work Group contains some Assistive Reproductive Technology (ART) specific nomenclature. However, the work groups’ recommendations lack instructions on how to document ‘the number of embryos conceived, frozen, and implanted, along with their genetic testing history’ (Bennett et al., 2008, p. 429). The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine if the current symbols are sufficient for what genetic counselors need in the ART field and how genetic counselors are addressing any gaps. Ten genetic counselors with ART counseling experience participated in semi‐structured interviews. Participants reported using standard symbols and creating their own designs when standard symbols are not available for applicable ART situation. Thematic analysis identified seven reasons why participants felt that ART should be recorded on the medical pedigree. The 3 most common themes identified were: (1) medical assessment and facilitating development of a differential diagnosis, (2) clarity and continuity of documentation, and (3) psychosocial assessment of the family and fertility experience. All participants felt that the current nomenclature was not sufficient for their clinical practice and would support additional standard symbols. This study supports the need for development of further pedigree nomenclature inclusive of patients with ART experiences.
Metaphors and why these are important in all aspects of genetic counseling
Authors: Sexton Adrienne , James Paul A.
Published: July 2021

Metaphors appear simple but are fundamental schemata allowing expression and processing of complex emotions and information. They are so embedded in language and thinking that we are often unaware of their impact, despite the crucial role of metaphors in communication, learning and creating meaning from experiences. A deeper understanding of how to recognize and work with client‐generated and counselor‐generated metaphors has great potential as an addition to the genetic counseling ‘tool‐box’. Here, we draw on studies from related health and psychotherapy fields to discuss how working purposefully with metaphors may offer a powerful way to enhance communication within a reciprocally engaged client–counselor relationship. Metaphors present ways to explain complex genetic concepts in a personally meaningful form, to gain a deeper understanding of client's experiences and emotions, to assist processing of experiences, emotions, and concepts, and to assist client and counselor to access and reflect on subconscious emotions, self‐concept, and motivations. In addition, working with metaphors has been shown to facilitate coping and action. This paper sets the scene for why and how genetic counselors can utilize client‐generated and counselor‐generated metaphors purposefully in all areas of practice, including enhancing the therapeutic interaction with clients, as well as in supervision, training, cultural competence, and shaping of societal attitudes toward genetics.
Strategies Used by Whites to Address Their Racism: Implications for Autonomous White Racial Identities
Authors: Malott Krista M. , Schaefle Scott , Paone Tina R. , Cates Jennifer , Haizlip Breyan
Published: July 2021

This article presents findings from a study that explored the lived experiences of Whites committed to antiracism action—those who, according to Janet Helms's (1990, 1995, 2014) White racial identity model, exhibit characteristics of the autonomy status. Thematic outcomes indicated participants’ (N = 10) efforts to manage their own racism in ways that are both proactive and responsive in nature. Findings are compared with theoretical and empirical literature regarding the racial identity development of Whites committed to antiracist action.

Este artículo presenta los hallazgos obtenidos a partir de un estudio que exploró las experiencias vitales de personas blancas comprometidas con la acción antirracista. Según el modelo de identidad racial blanca de Janet Helms (1990, 1995, 2014), estas personas son aquellas que muestran características del estado de autonomía. Los resultados temáticos indicaron que los esfuerzos de los participantes (N = 10) por controlar su propio racismo son por naturaleza tanto proactivos como reactivos. Se comparan los hallazgos con la literatura teórica y empírica en torno al desarrollo de la identidad racial de personas blancas comprometidas con la acción antirracista.
Counseling in the Anthropocene: Addressing Social Justice Amid Climate Change
Authors: Hilert Alexander J.
Published: July 2021

Scientists have increasingly called for the recognition that Earth has entered a new geological epoch called the Anthropocene. Researchers believe anthropogenic climate change and ecological degradation will have the greatest impacts on communities that are socially and economically marginalized. This article will explore the role of counselors in the Anthropocene as environmental justice advocates through the application of the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies (Ratts et al., 2015).

La comunidad científica ha insistido cada vez más en el reconocimiento de que la Tierra ha entrado en una nueva era geológica denominada Antropoceno. Los investigadores creen que el cambio climático antropogénico y la degradación ecológica tendrán un impacto máximo en las comunidades que se encuentran social y económicamente marginadas. Este artículo explora el papel de los consejeros en el Antropoceno como defensores de la justicia medioambiental a través de la aplicación de las Competencias en Consejería Multicultural y de Justicia Social (Ratts et al., 2015).
Regulations, perceived information quality and perceived risk of equity crowdfunding: A study ofMalaysianinvestors
Authors: Wasiuzzaman Shaista
Published: July 2021

Investors in equity crowdfunding need both sufficient information disclosure and regulations to reduce their risk of investment in projects that are funded by equity crowdfunding. Perceived information quality has a negative influence on perceived investment risk. Regulations have a weak influence on perceived investment risk. Regulations moderate the relationship between information quality and risk.
Personal finance apps and low‐income households
Authors: French Declan , McKillop Donal , Stewart Elaine
Published: July 2021

The use of personal finance smartphone apps results in an improvement in various measures used to assess financial knowledge and skills, attitudes and motivations, and financially capable behaviors for those in low‐income households. Those provided with smartphone apps demonstrated increased self‐confidence in financial decision‐making and financial literacy and improved their ability to delay self‐gratification and their sense of being able to effect change. Financially capable behavior changes manifested in being better able to keep track of finances and manage unexpected bills. User engagement with finance apps could be improved by targeting users with a specific financial decision‐making problem, personalizing the apps through push notifications to encourage ongoing user engagement, and incorporating game mechanics.
Rhamnolipids enhance growth performance by improving the immunity, intestinal barrier function, and metabolome composition in broilers
Authors: Zhang Ruiqiang , Zhang Haoran , Liu Jinsong , Zeng Xinfu , Wu Yanping , Yang Caimei
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Rhamnolipids (RLS), well known as glycolipid biosurfactants, display low toxicity, high biodegradability, and strong antibacterial properties. This study was carried out to evaluate the use of RLS supplementation as a substitute for antibiotics, and particularly to evaluate its effects on growth performance, immunity, intestinal barrier function, and metabolome composition in broilers.

RESULTS

The RLS treatment improved the growth performance, immunity, and intestinal barrier function in broilers. The 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the genus Alistipes was the dominant genus in broilers treated by RLS. An ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS)‐based metabolomic analysis indicated that the sphingolipid metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, the gycerophospholipid metabolism, and the tryptophan metabolism were changed in broilers that were treated with RLS.

CONCLUSION

l‐Tryptophan may be the medium for RLS to regulate the growth and physiological metabolism. Rhamnolipids can be used as a potential alternative to antibiotics, with similar functions to antibiotics in the diet of broilers. The optimal level of supplemented RLS in the diet was 1000 mg kg−1. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Amino acid digestibility and metabolisable energy of spring and winter faba beans grown on two sites and effects of dehulling in caecectomised laying hens
Authors: Siegert Wolfgang , Ibrahim Ahmad , Link Wolfgang , Lux Guido , Schmidtke Knut , Hartung Jens , Nautscher Nadine , Rodehutscord Markus
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

The variation in amino acid (AA) digestibility and metabolisable energy (MEN) in four spring and four winter faba bean genotypes differing in vicine/convicine (V/C) concentrations grown on two sites was investigated in caecectomised LSL‐Classic laying hens. Effects of dehulling one faba bean genotype were also examined. Diets containing one out of 17 faba bean variants each and a basal diet were fed to ten caecectomised laying hens in a row‐column design to achieve five replicates per diet.

RESULTS

Ranges and levels of digestibility of the hulled variants differed widely among AA with the lowest and highest range determined for Arg (90–93%) and Cys (−12–65%), respectively. MEN ranged between 10.3 and 12.3 MJ kg−1 dry matter. Lower MEN and digestibility of Cys, Glx, Phe, Pro, Tyr, and Val (P < 0.050) was determined for the winter genotypes grown in Nimtitz compared to the other variants. Digestibility of Ser was lower for the spring than for the winter genotypes (P < 0.050). Negative correlations with AA digestibility were determined for phytate, but not for tannin and V/C concentrations (P < 0.050). Negative correlations between tannin fractions and MEN were weak (P = 0.082–0.099). Dehulling increased MEN by 1.8 MJ kg−1 dry matter and raised the digestibility of Pro, His, and Glx (P < 0.050).

CONCLUSIONS

The results indicated that the digestible AA and MEN supply of laying hens was increased by using low phytate faba beans while breeding for low V/C genotypes did not affect AA digestibility or MEN. Dehulling increased MEN and the digestibility of some AA. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Preoperative β‐lactam antibiotic prophylaxis is superior to bacteriostatic alternatives in immediate expander‐based breast reconstruction
Authors: Miller Travis J. , Remington Austin C. , Nguyen Dung H. , Gurtner Geoffrey C. , Momeni Arash
Published: July 2021

Background

Staged implant‐based breast reconstruction is the most common reconstructive modality following mastectomy. Postoperative implant infections can have a significant impact on adjuvant oncologic care and reconstructive outcome. Here, we investigate the impact of β‐lactam antibiotics (i.e., bactericidal) compared to alternative antibiotic agents on postoperative outcomes for implant‐based breast reconstruction.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent immediate sub‐pectoral tissue expander placement with an inferior acellular dermal matrix (ADM) sling at a single institution between May 2008 and July 2018 was performed. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and complication rates were retrieved. The impact of antibiotic regimen on postoperative outcomes, including infection rate and reconstructive failure, was investigated.

Results

A total of 320 patients with a mean age and BMI of 48.2 years and 25.0 kg/m2, respectively, who underwent 542 immediate breast reconstructions were included in the study. The use of a β‐lactam antibiotic was protective against postoperative infection (odds ratio [OR] = 0.467, p = .046), infection requiring operative management (OR = 0.313, p = .022), and reconstructive failure (OR = 0.365, p = .028). Extended, that is, post‐discharge, prophylaxis was not associated with any clinical benefit.

Conclusion

The use of β‐lactam antibiotics for pre‐/peri‐operative prophylaxis is superior to alternative antibiotics with a bacteriostatic mechanism of action regarding rates of postoperative infection and reconstructive failure following immediate tissue expander‐based breast reconstruction. Extended, that is, post‐discharge, prophylaxis does not appear to be indicated, regardless of the antibiotic chosen.
Improving the Pediatric Floor Discharge Process Following Tonsillectomy
Authors: Yang Christina J. , Bottalico Danielle , Philips Kaitlyn , DeSilva Alison , Cheung Victoria , Joels Joanna , Cruz Carlos , Hametz Patricia A.
Published: July 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

Over 300,000 tonsillectomies are performed nationwide every year. In 2017, half of children undergoing tonsillectomy at our institution were admitted to the pediatric floor, with only 10.4% being discharged before 11 AM on postoperative day 1 (POD1). Our primary objective was to increase the percentage of patients discharged before 11 AM on POD1 to at least 50% within 1 year.

Study Design

Prospective observational (quality improvement).

Methods

A multidisciplinary quality improvement (QI) team was assembled. The primary outcome was “timely discharges,” defined as percentage of patients discharged before 11 AM on POD1; secondary outcomes were percentage of patients discharged before 1 PM and mean length of stay (hours). Seven‐day readmission rate served as our balancing measure. Prior year data served as baseline. A process map, Ishikawa diagram, and Pareto chart were utilized to identify specific target areas for improvement. Key interventions included announcement of our initiative, an electronic health record‐based handoff text prompt, discharge checklist, automated discharge instructions, encouragement to place discharge orders by 9 AM and implementation of early POD1 rounds. Data were collected on a biweekly basis and the primary and secondary outcomes were plotted on control charts and analyzed using rules for special cause variation.

Results

Within 12 months, POD1 discharges before 11 AM and before 1 PM increased to 44.9% and 83.8%, respectively, with sustained improvement for the first 6 months of the subsequent year. Mean length of stay decreased, and 7‐day readmission rates were unchanged.

Conclusions

By understanding the factors influencing timely POD1 discharges after tonsillectomy, key interventions were implemented to achieve an increase in timely discharges.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 132:225–233, 2022
Otolaryngologists Trail Other Specialties in Industry Payments From Dermal Filler Companies
Authors: Derakhshan Adeeb , Reny Danielle C. , Rathi Vinay K. , McCarty Justin C. , Lindsay Robin W. , Lee Linda N. , Gadkaree Shekhar K.
Published: July 2021

Objectives/Hypothesis

Dermal filler (DF) is a widely used nonsurgical option for facial rejuvenation with a rapidly expanding market. Physician payments by DF industry leaders have yet to be characterized. We sought to investigate trends in physician‐industry payments by DF companies over 6 years. Differences in payments based on physician specialty and time were characterized.

Study Design

Database review.

Methods

The Open Payments Database was queried from 2013 to 2018. Payments made by the three largest DF companies by market share to otolaryngologists, plastic surgeons, and dermatologists were analyzed. Total dollars paid, number of payments made, type of payments made, and total number of specialists paid were recorded. One‐way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.

Results

Otolaryngologists, plastic surgeons, and dermatologists received average annual payments of $0.36 million, $6.3 million, and $6.6 million respectively (P < .001). An average of 330 otolaryngologists, 2,128 plastic surgeons, and 5,980 dermatologists were paid annually (P < .001). Accredited speaking arrangements, consulting fees, and royalty/licensing fees comprised the majority of dollars paid to physicians.

Conclusions

Average physician payment by DF companies exceeds $12 million annually, with otolaryngologists receiving significantly less compared to plastic surgeons and dermatologists.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 132:301–306, 2022
Optimal control of a growth/consumption model
Authors: Miao Keyan , Vinter Richard
Published: July 2021

This article concerns an optimal control problem arising in neo‐classical macro‐economics, where the objective is to maximize expenditure on social programs over the time horizon by choosing the appropriate balance between investment for growth and consumption. The underlying model and utility function are due to Solow and have their origins in a planning problem studied by Ramsey. The problem is of control theoretic interest, because the right side of the controlled differential equation and also the utility integrand are not uniformly Lipschitz continuous with respect to the state variable, owing to the presence of a fractional singularity. We introduce and apply a nonstandard verification technique, the verification function for which has infinite slope at a point approaching the boundary of its domain, to deal with these singularities and to provide a detailed solution to the problem and analyze its structure, for arbitrary initial data.
A nonlinear model predictive controller based on the gravitational search algorithm
Authors: Nobahari Hadi , Alizad Meysam , Nasrollahi Saeed
Published: July 2021

A heuristic nonlinear model predictive controller is proposed, based on the gravitational search algorithm. The proposed method models a constrained nonlinear model predictive control problem in the form of a dynamic optimization and uses a set of virtual particles, moving within the search space, to find the best control sequence in an online manner. Particles affect the movement of each other through the gravitational forces. The optimality of the points, experienced by the particles, is evaluated by a cost function. This function reduces the tracking error, control effort, and control chattering. The better control sequence a particle finds, the more mass is assigned to that particle. Therefore, it will apply more gravitational force to the other particles and will absorb them more strongly. Stability of the new controller is investigated. Finally, performance of the controller is evaluated in two nonlinear benchmark problems as well as an experimental attitude control of a quadrotor as a nonlinear multi‐input multi‐output system with input constraints. Results confirm successful performance of the proposed controller.
Optimizing Pandemic Preparedness at Birmingham Water Works
Authors: Shikle Bill , Nabors April
Published: July 2021

Birmingham Water Works (BWW), like every business and institution, was faced with tremendous challenges related to COVID‐19 in 2020. But using Partnership for Safe Water principles, BWW was able to keep operations at its Putnam Filter Plant running while keeping the plant's staff safe.
Control Apparent Losses to Optimize Revenue Capture
Authors: Van Arsdel John H.
Published: July 2021

Water audit results are only as useful as the information that drives them. Utilities can ensure accurate water supply data, including apparent loss, by accounting for and addressing metering inaccuracies.
In situ growth of TiO2 nanoparticles onto PBO fibers via a mussel‐inspired strategy for enhancing interfacial properties and ultraviolet resistance
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Zhihua , Wu Guangshun , Wang Peng , Wang Tao , Li Zhi , Zhang Tonghua
Published: July 2021

In this work, to overcome the poor interfacial adhesion and ultraviolet (UV) resistance of poly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber simultaneously, a new hierarchical reinforcement was fabricated by in situ growing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the surface of the fiber using mussel‐inspired polydopamine (PDA) as a robust reaction platform. The surface morphologies and chemical compositions of the modified fiber were measured to prove the TiO2 binding. The interfacial shear strength of PBO fiber‐reinforced epoxy resin composite had a 57.2% enhancement after TiO2 modification, which was caused by increased surface roughness (Ra) and wettability. In addition, the thermal stability of the fiber and hygrothermal aging resistance of the composite were improved remarkably. Moreover, the compact TiO2 coating on the surface of PBO/PDA/Ti led to excellent UV resistance.
Effect of different amounts of graphene on metal friction and wear during the mixing process
Authors: Han Deshang , Wang Kongshuo , Bian Huiguang , Yan Gang , Wang Chuansheng
Published: July 2021

Internal mixer is one the most commonly used rubber‐mixing equipment, which has been applied for decades. This device can operate continuously for a long time. Accordingly, it is quite probable to have wear of the end face of the mixer. Studies show that the end face wear increases the gap between the mixing chamber and the end face, resulting in material leakage, reducing the mixing effect and ultimately affecting the properties of the compound. Therefore, it is of significant importance to study the friction and wear of the mixing compound to the metal in the mixing process. Considering the superior characteristics of graphene (GE), it is considered a revolutionary material and has been widely applied in numerous applications. In the present study, the influence of the mixing compound with different amounts of GE on the friction and wear of the metal end face was analyzed and the ratio of the corrosion wear to abrasive wear was calculated for the first time. It was found that as the amount of GE increases, the proportion of abrasive wear on the metal increases, the proportion of corrosive wear on the metal decreases, and the metal wear decreases first and then increases. Moreover, the lowest metal wear can be achieved when the amount of GE is 3 phr.
Registration of PD 20170048, PD 20170049, PD 20170050, PD 20170053, and PD 20170054 germplasm lines of cotton
Authors: Campbell B. T. , Hinze L. L. , Thompson A. L. , Jones M. A. , Jones D. C.
Published: July 2021

PD 20170048 (Reg. no. GP‐1092, PI 698606), PD 20170049 (Reg. no. GP‐1093, PI 698607), PD 20170050 (Reg. no. GP‐1094, PI 698608), PD 20170053 (Reg. no GP‐1095, PI 698609), and PD 20170054 (Reg. no. GP‐1096, PI 698610) are noncommercial breeding lines of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) jointly released by the USDA–ARS, the Clemson University Experiment Station, and Cotton Incorporated in 2020. PD 20170048, PD 20170049, PD 20170050, PD 20170053, and PD 20170054 are breeding lines selected from a cross between an elite cultivar or germplasm line and an exotic landrace accession from Asia, Africa, or South America. Each breeding line possesses 50% exotic landrace parentage, excellent fiber quality, and excellent yield performance—significantly better than several commercial cultivars. PD 20170048, PD 20170049, PD 20170050, PD 20170053, and PD 20170054 display good adaptation in three distinct regions of the U.S. upland cotton production region and provide valuable sources of new genetic diversity to cultivar development programs.
Is tele‐rehabilitation superior to home exercise program in COVID‐19 survivors following discharge from intensive care unit? ‐ A study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Turan Zeynep , Topaloglu Mahir , Ozyemisci Taskiran Ozden
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose

Evaluating the patients with COVID‐19 following discharge from intensive care unit for pulmonary rehabilitation is crucial. It could be difficult to participate rehabilitation program due to transportation problems and cautions for contagiousness. Tele‐rehabilitation could serve as a favorable alternative. The primary aim of this study is to investigate whether supervised telerehabilitation is superior to home exercise program regarding walking distance and secondarily muscle strength, muscle endurance, quality of life, physical activity level and perceived respiratory disability.

Methods

This is a randomized assessor blinded control trial with two groups; tele‐rehabilitation and home exercise. One hundred twenty‐two COVID‐19 survivors following discharge from intensive care unit will be allocated into two groups. The tele‐rehabilitation group will receive breathing, aerobic, posture, stretching, strengthening exercises at their home under remote supervision via Internet for 3 days/week for 10 weeks. Home exercise group will receive the same program at their home on their own and they will be called weekly. The patients will be evaluated at the beginning, at the end of the program, 6th and 12th months following the rehabilitation. The primary outcome is the change in 6‐minute walking distance; the secondary outcomes are changes in quality of life, physical function, health status, dyspnea and muscle strength.

Impact Statement

This detailed description of the rehabilitation protocol will guide to plan the rehabilitation program and help how to design an efficacy study comparing different models of rehabilitation in COVID‐19 survivors following discharge from intensive care unit with evidence‐based contribution to the literature.
Effects of Welding Parameter on Atom‐Scale Interfacial Diffusion Behavior of Al/Cu Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Li Qinghua , Dong Zhibo , Ji Shude , Yang Laishan , Tao Congcong , Zhou Shouzhen , Hu Guangxu
Published: July 2021

The partial weak bonding phenomenon induced by an unsuitable welding parameter often occurs at the joint interface of Al/Cu dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW). Diffusion time, temperature, and pressure are the main factors that affect the diffusion behavior at the interface. Therefore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is used to investigate the influence mechanism of these factors from the perspectives of diffusion thickness, total energy, and volume. The diffusion time and the temperature affect the diffusion thickness significantly, whereas external pressure has little impact. The variations of total energy and volume consist of two stages, which are caused by the combined effects of lattice transformation and atomic diffusion. The variation processes of total energy and volume are accelerated with the increase in temperature due to a higher diffusion velocity, and it is delayed by external pressure at a higher temperature because the lattice transformation is inhibited. These findings are beneficial to the choice of welding parameters in actual production.
Ultrafast Microwave Synthesis of WO3 Nanostructured Films for Solar Photocatalysis
Authors: Nunes Daniela , Fragoso Ana Rita , Freire Tomas , Matias Mariana , Marques Ana Carolina , Martins Rodrigo Ferrão de Paiva , Fortunato Elvira , Pimentel Ana
Published: July 2021

Tungsten oxide (WO3) nanostructured films are synthesized under microwave radiation with synthesis times of 5 and 10 min, at 150 or 180 °C. This ultrafast synthesis route results in uniform and well‐crystallized WO3 nanostructured films fully covering the substrates. A plate‐like hierarchical structure is observed at 150 °C, and closely packed rectangular nanorods are formed at 180 °C. For both temperatures, the nanostructures self‐organize into larger flower‐like structures. The increase of the synthesis time from 5 to 10 min at 180 °C results in thicker films, reaching ≈4 μm. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy reveal that the films grow with the WO3 orthorhombic crystalline phase (o‐WO3·0.33H2O). Photoluminescence (PL) measurements are performed for all the films, and their optical bandgaps are estimated through diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The WO3 films have their photocatalytic activity assessed from rhodamine B (RhB) degradation under solar radiation. The Mott–Schottky plots confirm the n‐type character of the films with the flat‐band potentials and electron concentrations being estimated for the best photocatalysts. This study associates the eco‐friendly, fast, and low‐cost aspects of the synthesis route to the production of highly photoactive materials, which can effectively contribute to environmental remediation.
Status of Al2O3/TiO2‐Based Antireflection and Surface Passivation for Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Suh Dongchul
Published: July 2021

Inhibiting charge recombination effectively by surface passivation is very important for high‐efficiency silicon solar cells. With the emergence of passivated emitter and rear cells (PERCs), which surpass conventional solar cells, the need for a novel passivation scheme is increasing. Passivation layer stacks using negatively charged Al2O3 have been applied successfully to realize high‐efficiency PERC solar cells. Herein, the developments of surface passivation by Al2O3/TiO2‐based layers are reviewed. The topics range from synthesis methods and optical properties as antireflection coatings to the electrical properties related to the material, interface, and passivation quality. Ultrathin Al2O3/TiO2‐based layers generally feature a combination of field‐effect passivation by negative fixed charges, a low interface defect density, and adequate humidity stability. Among the various deposition methods, atomic layer deposition is focused on, which can form dual layers and nanolaminates. How the features of atomic‐layer‐deposited Al2O3/TiO2‐based layers can be utilized for interface engineering and tailoring the properties of surface passivation schemes is discussed.
A natural product of acteoside ameliorate kidney injury in diabetes db/db mice and HK‐2 cells via regulating NADPH/oxidase‐TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Qinwen , Dai Xinxin , Xiang Xiang , Xu Zhuo , Su Shulan , Wei Dandan , Zheng Tianyao , Shang Er‐xin , Qian Dawei , Duan Jin‐ao
Published: July 2021

This study was designed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of acteoside on DKD in diabetes male db/db mice and high glucose‐induced HK‐2 cells. The diabetes db/db mice were divided randomly into model group, metformin group, irbesartan group, and acteoside group. We observed the natural product of acteoside exhibiting a significant effect in renal protection through analyzing of biochemical indicators and endogenous metabolites, histopathological observations, and western blotting. HK‐2 cells subjected to high glucose were used in invitro experiments. The molecular mechanisms of them were investigated by RT‐PCR and western blot. Acteoside prevents high glucose‐induced HK‐2 cells and diabetes db/db mice by inhibiting NADPH/oxidase‐TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway. Acteoside regulated the disturbed metabolic pathway of lipid metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. We discovered the natural product of acteoside exhibiting a significant effect in renal protection. This study paved the way for further exploration of pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and development of a new therapeutic agent for DKD.
Synergistic effect of natural clinoptilolite with non‐lethal repellents in anti‐rodent dry food packaging
Authors: Yücetürk Mert , Kuru Buket , Seydibeyoğlu Mehmet Özgür
Published: July 2021

Rodents cause enormous damage to stored foods. Anticoagulant rodenticides used to eliminate rodents cannot be used in food packaging because they are toxic to humans. In this study, the use of various non‐lethal repellents and natural clinoptilolite in food packaging has been investigated. For this, capsicum oleoresin was used because of the burning sensation created by the mammals' mouths. Denatonium benzoate and denatonium saccharide were used because of their extremely bitter taste. Finally, natural clinoptilolite was used to absorb the smell of foods, and its synergistic effect was observed with repellents. The additives were mixed with polypropylene carrier and converted into anti‐rodent masterbatches in a laboratory‐type extruder. Then, packaging films were prepared by a cast film extruder. These films were used for the packaging of mouse foods in pellet form with the aid of a heat‐seal tester. In experiments on house mice (Mus musculus), a mixture of repellent additives capsicum oleoresin, denatonium benzoate, denatonium saccharide and odour‐absorbing natural clinoptilolite showed 100% repellency synergistically.
Interfacial Control of NiCoP@NiCoP Core–Shell Nanoflake Arrays as Advanced Cathodes for Ultrahigh‐Energy‐Density Fiber‐Shaped Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Qiulong
Published: July 2021

Efficient improvement of the energy density and overall electrochemical performance of fiber‐shaped asymmetric supercapacitors (FASCs) for practical applications in portable and wearable electronics requires highly electrochemically active materials and a rational design. Herein, two‐step phosphorization (TSP) processes are performed to directly grow 3D well‐aligned NiCoP@NiCoP (NCP@NCP TSP) nanoflake arrays (NFAs) on carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs). Profiting from the metallic characteristics and excellent electrochemical performance of NiCoP and the hierarchical design of the core–shell heterostructure, the NCP@NCP TSP NFAs/CNTF hybrid electrode exhibits significantly improved electrochemical performance. The as‐fabricated NCP@NCP TSP NFAs/CNTF electrode possesses an ultrahigh areal capacitance of 10 035 mF cm−2 at a current density of 1 mA cm−2, with excellent rate capability and cycling stability. Furthermore, an FASC device with a maximum operating voltage of 1.6 V is assembled by adopting NCP@NCP TSP NFAs/CNTF as a positive electrode, hierarchical TiN@VN core–shell heterostructure nanowire arrays (NWAs)/CNTF as negative electrode, and KOH‐PVA as a gel electrolyte. The FASC device exhibits a high areal capacitance of 430.4 mF cm−2 and an ultrahigh energy density of 51.02 mWh cm−3. Thus, the rationally designed NiCoP@NiCoP electrode is a promising candidate for incorporation into next‐generation wearable and portable energy‐storage devices.
Reducing the Energy Loss to Achieve High Open‐circuit Voltage and Efficiency by Coordinating Energy‐Level Matching in Sn–Pb Binary Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hou Xiaoyi , Li Fangjie , Zhang Xiang , Shi Yunfan , Du Yunxiao , Gong Junbo , Xiao Xudong , Ren Shengqiang , Zhao Xing-Zhong , Tai Qidong
Published: July 2021

Tin–lead (Sn–Pb) binary low‐bandgap perovskites are more environmentally friendly than conventional Pb‐based perovskites and promise to deliver high photovoltaic performance by constructing tandem solar cells. However, the energy‐level mismatch between functional layers and tremendous trap states in perovskite films make it challenging to reduce the high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) loss in Sn–Pb binary perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, energy loss reduction at the hole collection interface in Sn–Pb binary PSCs is demonstrated using nickel oxide (NiOx) as the hole transport material (HTM) with optimal poly[(9,9‐bis(3′‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)propyl)‐2,7‐fluorene)‐alt‐2,7‐(9,9‐dioctyfluorene)] (PFN) modification, which enables a significantly enhanced Voc compared to the traditional poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)‐based devices. The NiOx/PFN bilayer has a downward‐shifted valence band compared to PEDOT:PSS, providing well‐matched energy‐level alignment with the perovskite material, resulting in more fluent charge transfer and reduced Voc losses. The optimized device has a high Voc of 0.88 V and an efficiency of 19.80%, surpassing the previous results reported for NiOx‐based Sn–Pb PSCs. Moreover, the robust NiOx/PFN substrate and the high‐quality perovskite film grown on it make the device less vulnerable to ambient exposure. This work highlights the significance of ideal hole conductors and interface engineering in efficient and stable Sn–Pb low‐bandgap PSCs.
Simple and rapid analysis of Linagliptin in dried blood spot using an ionic liquid based vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry: Application to pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Arnipalli Manikanta Swamy , Nimmu Narendra Varma , Bondigalla Ramachandra , Challa Gangu Naidu
Published: July 2021

A simple, rapid, and convenient ionic liquid based vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid micro extraction method for the determination of Linagliptin was developed. The main novelty of the present work deals with the analysis of Linagliptin in dried blood spot with significant advantages with regard to invasive sampling, volume of blood used (< 20 μL), storage and transport of biological materials and requirements for special biohazard arrangements. The extraction sample was assayed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using electropray ionization techniques. The effects of significant factors in extracting and disperser solvent, and salt contents were investigated. An efficient quantification method was developed for bioassay of Linagliptin using Sitagliptin as internal standard through Inertsil ODS‐3V (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH adjusted to 4.6 with 0.1% Trifluoroacetic acid): Acetonitrile [10:90 (v/v)] as mobile phase. Tandem mass spectrometry detection was performed to monitor precursor → product ion transitions m/z 473.3 → 364.2 for Linagliptin, m/z 408.2 → 235.1 for internal standard. The assay was linear from 6 to 1500 ng/mL and the mean recoveries are more than 90%. The peak dried blood spot concentration (Cmax) after 1.5 h was determined to be 1391.2 ng/ml for Linagliptin.
A unified quartet DNA gel electrophoresis instrument with integrated agarose gel casting, electrophoresis, staining, and imaging facilities
Authors: Maurye Praveen , Basu Arpita , Kumari Kavita , Dey Priyanka , Sen Sohini , Devi Manoharmayum Shaya
Published: July 2021

Agarose gel electrophoresis is the most useful and revolutionary process for separating, analyzing, identifying, and purifying different DNA fragments (in shape or size) from any cell or organism. This process is an amalgamation of four associated techniques viz. gel casting, electrophoresis, staining, and imaging, which are consecutively accomplished to get desired results. Various types of commercialized/non‐commercialized device and reagent kits are available with manufacturers to perform the associated techniques with simplicity. All these devices need secure space, separate operating procedures, and timely maintenance for the long run. In the absence of a low‐cost integrated electrophoresis device that can be utilized for the complete gel electrophoresis process, untimely operational failure of any individual equipment affects the experiment. In this paper, we describe an integrated gel electrophoresis instrument, which provides all facilities for agarose gel casting, electrophoresis, staining, and imaging techniques without any exposure to harmful chemicals. Construction of this four‐in‐one instrument in the laboratory requires off‐the‐shelf and pre‐existing components. Overall estimated cost is nearly US$ ∼222.00; and it can be assembled within 1 h, which makes it an inexpensive, user‐friendly, and effortless system. It has proved to be advantageous for researchers working in wide varieties of laboratories on the evaluation of nucleic acids.
Laparoscopic‐assisted cutaneous ureterostomy in a canine patient with prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Allevi Giovanni , Spediacci Carlotta , Marchesi Elena , Trovatelli Marco
Published: July 2021

A 9‐year‐old neutered male Dachshund dog was assessed for stranguria. An enlarged prostate was identified on physical examination, and a diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma confirmed by cytology. Due to a neoplastic lower urinary tract obstruction, palliative surgical urinary diversion treatment was performed with laparoscopic assisted cutaneous ureterostomy (LACU). The dog recovered well without any major complications. Adjuvant chemotherapy was maintained and continued for post‐surgical medical therapy. This report describes a novel minimally invasive assisted technique in canine patients for palliative treatment of prostatic neoplasia.
Three-parameter deformation of ℝ × S3 in the Landau-Lifshitz limit
Authors: Nieto García Juan Miguel , Wyss Leander
Published: July 2021

Abstract

In this article we construct the effective field theory associated to the ℝ × S3 sector of the three-parameter deformation of AdS3 × S3 × T4 in the Landau-Lifshitz approximation. We use this action to compute the dispersion relation of excitations around the BMN vacuum and the perturbative S-matrix associated to them. We are able to compute and sum all the different loop contributions to the S-matrix in this limit.
Anomalous dimensions of monopole operators in scalar QED3 with Chern-Simons term
Authors: Chester Shai M.
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We study monopole operators with the lowest possible topological charge q = 1/2 at the infrared fixed point of scalar electrodynamics in 2 + 1 dimension (scalar QED3) with N complex scalars and Chern-Simons coupling |k| = N. In the large N expansion, monopole operators in this theory with spins $$ \mathrm{\ell}<O\left(\sqrt{N}\right) $$
ℓ
<
O

N

and associated flavor representations are expected to have the same scaling dimension to sub-leading order in 1/N. We use the state-operator correspondence to calculate the scaling dimension to sub-leading order with the result N − 0.2743 + O(1/N), which improves on existing leading order results. We also compute the ℓ2/N term that breaks the degeneracy to sub-leading order for monopoles with spins $$ \mathrm{\ell}=O\left(\sqrt{N}\right) $$
ℓ
=
O

N

.
The $$ \overline{B} $$ → π form factors from QCD and their impact on |Vub|
Authors: Leljak Domagoj , Melić Blaženka , van Dyk Danny
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We revisit light-cone sum rules with pion distribution amplitudes to determine the full set of local $$ \overline{B} $$

B
¯

→ π form factors. To this end, we determine all duality threshold parameters from a Bayesian fit for the first time. Our results, obtained at small momentum transfer q2, are extrapolated to large q2 where they agree with precise lattice QCD results. We find that a modification to the commonly used BCL parametrization is crucial to interpolate the scalar form factor between the two q2 regions. We provide numerical results for the form factor parameters — including their covariance — based on simultaneous fit of all three form factors to both the sum rule and lattice QCD results. Our predictions for the form factors agree well with measurements of the q2 spectrum of the semileptonic decay $$ {\overline{B}}^0\to {\pi}^{+}{\mathrm{\ell}}^{-}{\overline{\nu}}_{\mathrm{\ell}} $$

B
¯

0

→

π
+

ℓ
−

ν
¯

ℓ

. From the world average of the latter we obtain |Vub| = (3.77 ± 0.15) · 10−3, which is in agreement with the most recent inclusive determination at the 1 σ level.