bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An unfamiliar physeteroid periotic (Cetacea: Odontoceti) from the German middle–late Miocene North Sea basin at Groß Pampau
Authors: Montañez-Rivera Irene , Hampe Oliver
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The Miocene mica clay locality of Groß Pampau, known for
numerous and partly spectacular finds of marine mammals is becoming more and
more a prominent site that bears the potential to resolve questions
regarding taphonomic relationships and to interpret life communities of the
ancient North Sea because of its rich faunal assemblage including
invertebrates and other remains of various vertebrate organisms. In the
present work we describe a right periotic of Physeteroidea with
morphological characters so far unknown from other sperm whales. The
periotics of the middle Miocene Aulophyseter morricei demonstrate the closest resemblance to the
Groß Pampau specimen in their overall appearance and in the general
arrangement and proportions of single structures, particularly of the
anterior process and pars cochlearis. A great similarity is also documented
with periotics of the living sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus, especially regarding the shape and
disposition of the anterior process and the bony element located dorsally to
the accessory ossicle. Kogiid periotics differ strongly from that of the
Groß Pampau specimen by having an inflated and short anterior process
and, typically, three well-defined spines on it. A new taxonomic naming of
the Groß Pampau periotic is not appropriate at this stage, although it
might demonstrate the existence of a so-far undescribed physeteroid species.
Additionally, its systematic position remains yet unclear and it is unknown
at this point if it could belong to Hoplocetus ritzi, another physeterid, whose fragments
were discovered in the same locality, or to another, already-described taxon,
of which the periotic is still unknown.
MULTI-SENSOR TRAFFIC DATA FUSION FOR CONGESTION DETECTION AND TRACKING
Authors: Gitahi J. , Hahn M. , Storz M. , Bernhard C. , Feldges M. , Nordentoft R.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Traffic management applications including congestion detection and tracking rely on traffic from multiple sources to model the traffic conditions. The sources are either stationary sensors which include inductive loop detectors (ILD), radar stations and Bluetooth/WiFi/BLE sensors or Floating Car Data (FCD) from moving vehicles which transmit their locations and speeds. The different sources have their inherent strengths and weaknesses but when used together, they have the potential to provide traffic information with increased robustness. Multi-sensor data fusion has the potential to enhance the estimation of traffic state in real-time by reducing the uncertainty of individual sources, extending the temporal and spatial coverage and increasing the confidence of data inputs. In this study, we fuse data from different FCD providers to improve travel time and average segment speeds estimation. We use data from INRIX, HERE and TomTom FCD commercial services and fuse the speeds based on their confidence values and granularity on virtual sub-segments of 250 m. Speeds differences between each pair of datasets are evaluated by calculating the absolute mean and standard deviation of differences. The evaluation of systematic differences is also performed for peak periods depending on the day of the week. INRIX FCD speeds are compared with ground truth spot speeds where both datasets are measured at a 1-minute interval which show good agreement with an error rate of between 8–20%. Some issues that affect FCD accuracy which include data availability and reliability problems are identified and discussed.
CHARACTERIZATION OF A MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM FOR SEAMLESS NAVIGATION
Authors: Di Pietra V. , Grasso N. , Piras M. , Dabove P.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS) are multi-sensor technologies based on SLAM procedure, which provides accurate 3D measurement and mapping of the environment as also trajectory estimation for autonomous navigation. The major limits of these algorithms are the navigation and mapping inconsistence over the time and the georeferencing of the products. These issues are particularly relevant for pose estimation regardless the environment like in seamless navigation. This paper is a preliminary analysis on a proposed multi-sensor platform integrated for indoor/outdoor seamless positioning system. In particular the work is devoted to analyze the performances of the MMS in term of positioning accuracy and to evaluate its improvement with the integration of GNSS and UWB technology. The results show that, if the GNSS and UWB signal are not degraded, using the correct weight to their observations in the Stencil estimation algorithm, is possible to obtain an improvement in the accuracy of the MMS navigation solution as also in the global consistency of the final point cloud. This improvement is measured in about 7 cm for planimetric coordinate and 34 cm along the elevation with respect to the use of the Stencil system alone.
INDOOR BUILDING SURVEY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Lovas T. , Hadzijanisz K. , Papp V. , Somogyi A. J.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. There are multiple emerging technologies, devices and integrated equipment to support indoor mapping. The two main categories are the wearable/portable (e.g. hand-held or backpack devices) and the trolley based devices. The most widely used sensors of the integrated systems are the laser scanners (usually profile scanners), camera(s) and the IMU unit. Compared to outdoor mobile mapping systems the main difference is the lack of GNSS signals; localization is usually supported by SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) technology, using Kalman-filtering. Current paper discusses the assessment of the potential of trolley-based indoor mobile mapping systems (MMS) by surveying a building part by multiple technologies. Besides conventional land surveying measurements, terrestrial lasers scanning and a backpack-based mobile survey have been carried out. The analysis included cloud-to-cloud comparison as well as CAD-based evaluation focusing on the geometric accuracy of the point clouds. The paper also presents the surveying workflow; on its resource-needs and potential application fields. The paper discusses the data acquisition technologies and procedures and the different quality assessment methods and results. Since an experimental survey was conducted with a backpack-based unit in the same study area, the paper gives a brief overview on how the two different mobile mapping technologies can be applied indoor, and presents the main differences, advantages and drawbacks.
RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF LIDAR TECHNOLOGY IN CADASTRAL SURVEYING AND MAPPING
Authors: He G. B. , Li L. L.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The state attaches great importance to the issue of the right to the use of rural land. At present, China is carrying out a large-scale mapping and confirmation of rural house sites and rural houses. The traditional measurement method mainly adopts total station or RTK manual measurement method, which is characterized by high work intensity, complex operation procedure and labor-consuming. There are hundreds of thousands of villages in China. With the development of science and technology, it is an inevitable trend to use new technologies in rural cadastral surveys to improve their efficiency and quality. LiDAR scanning technology has the advantages of high efficiency, flexibility, reliability, and high accuracy, which meet the requirements of tasks and schedules that are difficult to complete with traditional measurement methods. This paper is based on the AS-300H multi-platform LiDAR system of Huace Navigation, which integrates UAV and vehicle LiDAR for cadastral surveying and mapping. It proves that LiDAR using in rural cadastral mapping has low labor intensity, high efficiency and accuracy. At the same time, the advantages and disadvantages of LiDAR technology for cadastral mapping are also summarized and elaborated, which has a good reference and significance for those who are currently conducting rural housing and cadastral mapping work.
A VERSATILE UAV NEAR REAL-TIME MAPPING SOLUTION FOR DISASTER RESPONSE – CONCEPT, IDEAS AND IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Fanta-Jende P. , Steininger D. , Bruckmüller F. , Sulzbachner C.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. In recent years, the proliferation and further development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) led to a great number of key technologies, advances and opportunities especially in the realm of time-critical applications. UAVs as a platform provide a unique combination of flexibility, affordability and sensor technology which enables the design of cost-effective and intriguing services particularly for disaster response. This contribution presents a concept for UAV-based near real-time mapping system for disaster relief to provide decision-making support for first responders particularly for possible disaster scenarios in Austria. We outline our system concept and its respective architecture, discuss requirements from a stakeholder perspective as well as legal regulations and initiatives at an EU level. In the methodology section of this paper, the preliminary data processing pipeline with respect to the near real-time orthomosaic generation and the semantic segmentation network are presented. Lastly, first experimental results of the pipeline are shown, and further advances are discussed.
MAPPING OF WATER SURFACE LEVELS AND SLOPES WITH SINGLE PHOTON LIDAR – A CASE STUDY AT THE RIVER RHINE
Authors: Mandlburger G. , Weiß R. , Artz T.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Precise knowledge of water surface level heights is crucial for safe ship navigation and as basis for calibration of hydrodynamic-numerical models. While Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) is a well established technique for topographic mapping, ALS-based water surface mapping using conventional infrared lasers suffers from the high degree of specular reflection which leads to data voids for off-nadir angles beyond 5–7 degrees. The advent of single photon sensitive ALS systems using green laser sources presents the prospect of large-area, high-resolution water surface mapping due to the high receiver sensitivity and measurement rate of such systems. Building on previous studies on subject matters, we present the results of a pilot project initiated and conducted by the German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG, Koblenz) at the Rhine River. Three specific test sites with varying water surface and flow velocity properties were captured on October 30th and 31th, 2019 with the Leica SPL100 from flying altitudes of 3000 m, 2500 m, 1600 m, and 800 m, respectively. As anticipated, the water surface laser pulse density was high and exhibited 20–145 points/m2 depending on flying altitude. After quality control, strip adjustment, and point cloud analysis, three water surface classification methods were implemented based on: (i) height quantiles, (ii) point cloud segmentation, and (iii) inverse DTM filtering. All approaches featured relative and absolute water level height accuracies better than 10 cm. We conclude that Single Photon LiDAR based high resolution mapping of water surface levels and tilts is feasible when employing application specific data acquisition parameters, i.e., off-nadir angle ≤10° and flying altitude ≤3000 m.
A GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL NETWORK APPROACH FOR SUPER-RESOLUTION OF SENTINEL-2 SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors: Pineda F. , Ayma V. , Beltran C.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. High-resolution satellite images have always been in high demand due to the greater detail and precision they offer, as well as the wide scope of the fields in which they could be applied; however, satellites in operation offering very high-resolution (VHR) images has experienced an important increase, but they remain as a smaller proportion against existing lower resolution (HR) satellites. Recent models of convolutional neural networks (CNN) are very suitable for applications with image processing, like resolution enhancement of images; but in order to obtain an acceptable result, it is important, not only to define the kind of CNN architecture but the reference set of images to train the model. Our work proposes an alternative to improve the spatial resolution of HR images obtained by Sentinel-2 satellite by using the VHR images from PeruSat1, a peruvian satellite, which serve as the reference for the super-resolution approach implementation based on a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) model, as an alternative for obtaining VHR images. The VHR PeruSat-1 image dataset is used for the training process of the network. The results obtained were analyzed considering the Peak Signal to Noise Ratios (PSNR) and the Structural Similarity (SSIM). Finally, some visual outcomes, over a given testing dataset, are presented so the performance of the model could be analyzed as well.
Nuclear spin noise tomography in three dimensions with iterative simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) processing
Authors: Ginthör Stephan J. , Schlagnitweit Judith , Bechmann Matthias , Müller Norbert
Published: August 2020

Abstract. We report three-dimensional spin noise imaging (SNI) of nuclear spin density from spin noise data acquired by Faraday detection. Our
approach substantially extends and improves the two-dimensional SNI method
for excitation-less magnetic resonance tomography reported earlier
(Müller and Jerschow, 2006).
This proof of principle was achieved by taking advantage of the particular
continuous nature of spin noise acquired in the presence of constant
magnitude magnetic field gradients and recent advances in nuclear spin noise
spectroscopy acquisition as well as novel processing techniques. In this
type of projection–reconstruction-based spin noise imaging the trade-off between signal-to-noise ratio (or image contrast) and resolution can be
adjusted a posteriori during processing of the original time-domain data by iterative image reconstruction in a unique way not possible in conventional
rf-pulse-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The 3D SNI is demonstrated as a proof of concept on a commercial 700 MHz high-resolution NMR spectrometer, using a 3D-printed
polymeric phantom immersed in water.
Validation of uncertainty reduction by using multiple transfer locations for WRF–CFD coupling in numerical wind energy assessments
Authors: Keck Rolf-Erik , Sondell Niklas
Published: August 2020

Abstract. This paper describes a method for reducing the uncertainty associated with utilizing fully numerical models for wind resource assessment in the
early stages of project development. The presented method is based on a combination of numerical weather predictions (NWPs) and microscale
downscaling using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict the local wind resource. Numerical modelling is (at least) 2 orders of magnitude
less expensive and time consuming compared to conventional measurements. As a consequence, using numerical methods could enable a wind project
developer to evaluate a larger number of potential sites before making an investment. This would likely increase the chances of finding the best
available projects. A technique is described, multiple transfer location analysis (MTLA), where several different locations for performing the data transfer between the
NWP and the CFD model are evaluated. Independent CFD analyses are conducted for each evaluated data transfer location. As a result, MTLA will
generate multiple independent observations of the data transfer between the NWP and the CFD model. This results in a reduced uncertainty in the data
transfer, but more importantly MTLA will identify locations where the result of the data transfer deviates from the neighbouring locations. This
will enable further investigation of the outliers and give the analyst a possibility to correct erroneous predictions. The second part is found
to reduce the number and magnitude of large deviations in the numerical predictions relative to the reference measurements. The Modern Energy Wind Assessment Model (ME-WAM) with and without MTLA is validated against field measurements. The validation sample for ME-WAM
without MTLA consists of 35 observations and gives a mean bias of −0.10 m s−1 and a SD of
0.44 m s−1. ME-WAM with MTLA is validated against a sample of 45 observations, and the mean bias is found to be
+0.05 m s−1 with a SD of 0.26 m s−1. After adjusting for the composition of the two samples with regards
to the number of sites in complex terrain, the reduction in variability achieved by MTLA is quantified to 11 % of the SD for
non-complex sites and 35 % for complex sites.
ANÁLISE NUMÉRICA DE BLOCO SOBRE DUAS ESTACAS METÁLICAS
Authors: Delalibera Rodrigo Gustavo , Gonçalvez Vítor Freitas
Published: August 2020

RESUMO:  Perfis metálicos são utilizadas em diversas aplicações na construção civil. No entanto, ainda existem dúvidas quanto ao comportamento estrutural de blocos de coroamento quando se utiliza estacas metálicas. No presente trabalho foram desenvolvidos modelos numéricos, por meio do método dos elementos finitos, de um bloco sobre duas estacas metálicas, com o intuito de identificar tendências com relação ao comportamento estrutural bloco. Os resultados numéricos apresentaram correlações satisfatórias com os resultados experimentais, com os quais foram feitas análises comparativas. Concluiu-se que o modelo de bielas e tirantes utilizado no dimensionamento do bloco sobre estacas analisado não apresentou resultado esperado para o comportamento estrutural de blocos sobre estacas metálicas e, portanto, mais estudos devem ser realizados para se obter um modelo analítico satisfatório.
ABSTRACT: Steel piles are used on various fields on civil construction. However, there are still some uncertainties about the structural behavior of pile caps supported on steel piles. On this study the finite element method was used to develop numerical models of a two-pile cap on steel pile, with the aim of identifying tendencies on the structural behavior of the element. The numerical results showed good match with the experimental results of Tomaz (2018), which were used for analysis. It was concluded that the strut and tie model proposed by Blévot & Frémy (1967), usually used on the design of pile caps, doesn’t depict the actual structural behavior of pile caps on steel piles and, therefore, further studies must be made in order to develop a better physical model.
The Effect of Service Quality and Facilities on Patient Satisfaction (Study at the Tanah Sepenggal Health Center in Bungo District)
Authors: Tarjo Tarjo
Published: August 2020

This study was to examine and explain the effect of service quality and facilities on patient satisfaction in the Tanah Sepenggal Community Health Center in Bungo Regency, Jambi Province. The research method used is cross-sectional. The study population was all patients while the sample was 120 respondents but 98 respondents could be tested because there were 22 instruments that were not filled in completely so they were not included in the analysis. The sampling technique uses confinance sampling. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regressions with the help of the IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 of the software.The statistical test results partially service quality variables consisting of tangible (X1), reliability (X2) responsiveness (X3) assurance (X4) empathy (X5) have no significant effect on patient satisfaction and facilities (X6) have a significant positive effect on patient satisfaction. Statistical test results simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on patient satisfaction.
Porifera from Ponta do Ouro (Mozambique)
Authors: Calcinai Barbara , Belfiore Giuseppe , Pica Daniela , Torsani Fabrizio , Palma Marco , Cerrano Carlo
Published: August 2020

The diversity of Porifera from Ponta do Ouro (Mozambique) has been evaluated; this paper presents the first taxonomic effort devoted to sponges in the area, while studies of closeby areas are quite dated. Overall, 55 specimens were examined, leading to 26 described species; among these, four are new (Hyattella sulfurea Calcinai & Belfiore sp. nov., H. pedunculata Calcinai & Belfiore sp. nov., Amphimedon palmata Calcinai & Belfiore sp. nov. and Phoriospongia mozambiquensis Calcinai & Belfiore sp. nov.) and four (Chondrosia corticata Thiele, 1900, Callyspongia (Cladochalina) aerizusa Desqueyroux-Faundez, 1984, Clathria (Thalysias) hirsuta Hooper & Levi, 1993 and Ciocalypta heterostyla Hentschel, 1912) are new records for the Indian Ocean. For Callyspongia (Euplacella) abnormis Pulitzer-Finali, 1993, Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pulitzeri Van Soest & Hooper, 2020 and Amphimedon brevispiculifera (Dendy, 1905) this represents the first record after their initial discovery. The majority of the species have a wide distribution in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, but species from South and East Africa have also been recorded. These data highlight the characteristic of Ponta do Ouro as a transitional zone, located between a tropical and temperate biogeographic province, as well as the importance of increasing biodiversity knowledge of this biogeographic border to monitor possible shifts in the area as a consequence of climate crisis.
Main trends in the field of protection of copyright and personal data in the Internet
Authors: Lin' Do
Published: August 2020

The author explores the key legislative innovations in the sphere of legal regulation of relations involving use of Internet. The subject of this research is the legal relations with the use of modern communication relations, as well as their legal regulation. Special attention is given to the protection of copyright and personal information of Internet users. The article examines the recent legislative acts aimed at protection of personal data and copyright involving use of the modern communication technologies. The author examines statistical data pertaining to the use of personal information and content falling within the copyright in the Internet. A conclusion is made that in the Russian legal field personal data are fully controlled by the government, but the “large user data” do not appear therein, and in essence, displayed in a “grey zone”. Latest changes in legislation indicate desire of the government for “digital registration” of the largest possible number of citizens, as well as de-anonymization of the Internet users. The novelty of this research consists in analysis of the most recent normative acts in the area of legal regulation of copyright, preservation and usage of personal data involving the modern information and communication technologies. The author criticizes the existing legislation in the area of legal regulation of information exchange in the Internet with regards to violation of citizens’ right to privacy.
State regulation of the system of medical insurance in the People’s Republic of China during construction of the “socialist base” (1949-1977)
Authors: Lyu Khentsze
Published: August 2020

From the historical perspective, this article explores the establishment of the system of state medical insurance in China. The historical period of this establishment was selected due to an abrupt change in the system of medical insurance as a result of creation of the People’s Republic of China – the system of medical insurance changed from private to state-controlled. Prior to 1949, insurance was issued by private companies, then replaced by state medical insurance. This article gives attention to the key points in establishment of the system of medical insurance, as well as examines the main legislative bills that served as the basis for creation of the state insurance system. The author substantiates the idea of the periodicity of the development of China’s system of social medical insurance. The history of development of this system includes three stages: each of which is tightly connected to a specific strategy of socioeconomic development of PRC authority. Attention is also paid to redistribution of resources of the system of medical insurance between a city and a village, which vividly reflects the need for adjustment of the system of medical insurance to China’s rapid industrialization in that chronological period. The author describes the flaws of the system and government actions aimed at their overcoming.
Analysis of responses in the dynamics of sea ice area in separate regions of the Arctic to change of insolation
Authors: Fedorov Valerii Mikhailovich , Grebennikov Pavel Borisovich , Frolov Denis Maksimovich
Published: August 2020

The subject of this research is the correlation analysis of changes in the area of sea ice in separate regions of the Arctic, and levels of internal regional correlations between multiyear monthly changes in the area of sea ice of different seas and the entire Arctic Ocean. The author also examines peculiarities in the annual amplitude course of interannual variability of monthly indices of the area of sea ice for separate districts of the Arctic, interregional links in the annual course of this amplitude of interannual variability, and determination of correlation between the annual indices of the area of sea ice with annual insolation contrast for various Arctic regions. The research method is the correlation data analysis on the area of distribution of sea ice in different districts of the Arctic and insolation contrast. The author builds an algorithm of the value forecast in the changes of sea ice area. Based on the analysis of internal correlations between multiyear and annual changes in the sea ice area in the Arctic regions, and connection with the insolation and insolation contrast, an algorithm is proposed for the value forecast of changes in the sea ice area in separate districts of the Arctic and Northern Hemisphere overall. For long-term forecast of annual values of the changes in sea ice area, the promising districts are Baffin Bay, Kara Sea, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea and Northern Hemisphere as a whole.
Transient intracellular acidification regulates the core transcriptional heat shock response
Authors: Triandafillou Catherine G , Katanski Christopher D , Dinner Aaron R , Drummond D Allan
Published: August 2020

Heat shock induces a conserved transcriptional program regulated by heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1) in eukaryotic cells. Activation of this heat shock response is triggered by heat-induced misfolding of newly synthesized polypeptides, and so has been thought to depend on ongoing protein synthesis. Here, using the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, we report the discovery that Hsf1 can be robustly activated when protein synthesis is inhibited, so long as cells undergo cytosolic acidification. Heat shock has long been known to cause transient intracellular acidification which, for reasons which have remained unclear, is associated with increased stress resistance in eukaryotes. We demonstrate that acidification is required for heat shock response induction in translationally inhibited cells, and specifically affects Hsf1 activation. Physiological heat-triggered acidification also increases population fitness and promotes cell cycle reentry following heat shock. Our results uncover a previously unknown adaptive dimension of the well-studied eukaryotic heat shock response.
Positively selected modifications in the pore of TbAQP2 allow pentamidine to enter Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Alghamdi Ali H , Munday Jane C , Campagnaro Gustavo Daniel , Gurvic Dominik , Svensson Fredrik , Okpara Chinyere E , Kumar Arvind , Quintana Juan , Martin Abril Maria Esther , Milić Patrik , Watson Laura , Paape Daniel , Settimo Luca , Dimitriou Anna , Wielinska Joanna , Smart Graeme , Anderson Laura F , Woodley Christopher M , Kelly Siu Pui Ying , Ibrahim Hasan MS , Hulpia Fabian , Al-Salabi Mohammed I , Eze Anthonius A , Sprenger Teresa , Teka Ibrahim A , Gudin Simon , Weyand Simone , Field Mark , Dardonville Christophe , Tidwell Richard R , Carrington Mark , O'Neill Paul , Boykin David W , Zachariae Ulrich , De Koning Harry P
Published: August 2020

Mutations in the Trypanosoma brucei aquaporin AQP2 are associated with resistance to pentamidine and melarsoprol. We show that TbAQP2 but not TbAQP3 was positively selected for increased pore size from a common ancestor aquaporin. We demonstrate that TbAQP2’s unique architecture permits pentamidine permeation through its central pore and show how specific mutations in highly conserved motifs affect drug permeation. Introduction of key TbAQP2 amino acids into TbAQP3 renders the latter permeable to pentamidine. Molecular dynamics demonstrates that permeation by dicationic pentamidine is energetically favourable in TbAQP2, driven by the membrane potential, although aquaporins are normally strictly impermeable for ionic species. We also identify the structural determinants that make pentamidine a permeant although most other diamidine drugs are excluded. Our results have wide-ranging implications for optimising antitrypanosomal drugs and averting cross-resistance. Moreover, these new insights in aquaporin permeation may allow the pharmacological exploitation of other members of this ubiquitous gene family.
Mitochondrial volume fraction and translation duration impact mitochondrial mRNA localization and protein synthesis
Authors: Tsuboi Tatsuhisa , Viana Matheus P , Xu Fan , Yu Jingwen , Chanchani Raghav , Arceo Ximena G , Tutucci Evelina , Choi Joonhyuk , Chen Yang S , Singer Robert H , Rafelski Susanne M , Zid Brian M
Published: August 2020

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that must precisely control their protein composition according to cellular energy demand. Although nuclear-encoded mRNAs can be localized to the mitochondrial surface, the importance of this localization is unclear. As yeast switch to respiratory metabolism, there is an increase in the fraction of the cytoplasm that is mitochondrial. Our data point to this change in mitochondrial volume fraction increasing the localization of certain nuclear-encoded mRNAs to the surface of the mitochondria. We show that mitochondrial mRNA localization is necessary and sufficient to increase protein production to levels required during respiratory growth. Furthermore, we find that ribosome stalling impacts mRNA sensitivity to mitochondrial volume fraction and counterintuitively leads to enhanced protein synthesis by increasing mRNA localization to mitochondria. This points to a mechanism by which cells are able to use translation elongation and the geometric constraints of the cell to fine-tune organelle-specific gene expression through mRNA localization.
Stem cell regionalization during olfactory bulb neurogenesis depends on regulatory interactions between Vax1 and Pax6
Authors: Coré Nathalie , Erni Andrea , Hoffmann Hanne M , Mellon Pamela L , Saurin Andrew J , Beclin Christophe , Cremer Harold
Published: August 2020

Different subtypes of interneurons, destined for the olfactory bulb, are continuously generated by neural stem cells located in the ventricular and subventricular zones along the lateral forebrain ventricles of mice. Neuronal identity in the olfactory bulb depends on the existence of defined microdomains of pre-determined neural stem cells along the ventricle walls. The molecular mechanisms underlying positional identity of these neural stem cells are poorly understood. Here, we show that the transcription factor Vax1 controls the production of two specific neuronal subtypes. First, it is directly necessary to generate Calbindin expressing interneurons from ventro-lateral progenitors. Second, it represses the generation of dopaminergic neurons by dorsolateral progenitors through inhibition of Pax6 expression. We present data indicating that this repression occurs, at least in part, via activation of microRNA miR-7.
HetL, HetR and PatS form a reaction-diffusion system to control pattern formation in the cyanobacterium nostoc PCC 7120
Authors: Xu Xiaomei , Risoul Véronique , Byrne Deborah , Champ Stéphanie , Douzi Badreddine , Latifi Amel
Published: August 2020

Local activation and long-range inhibition are mechanisms conserved in self-organizing systems leading to biological patterns. A number of them involve the production by the developing cell of an inhibitory morphogen, but how this cell becomes immune to self-inhibition is rather unknown. Under combined nitrogen starvation, the multicellular cyanobacteriumNostocPCC 7120 develops nitrogen-fixing heterocysts with a pattern of one heterocyst every 10–12 vegetative cells. Cell differentiation is regulated by HetR which activates the synthesis of its own inhibitory morphogens, diffusion of which establishes the differentiation pattern. Here, we show that HetR interacts with HetL at the same interface as PatS, and that this interaction is necessary to suppress inhibition and to differentiate heterocysts.hetLexpression is induced under nitrogen-starvation and is activated by HetR, suggesting that HetL provides immunity to the heterocyst. This protective mechanism might be conserved in other differentiating cyanobacteria as HetL homologues are spread across the phylum.
High antibody titres induced by protein subunit vaccines usingMycobacterium ulceransantigens Hsp18 and MUL_3720 with a TLR-2 agonist fail to protect against Buruli ulcer in mice
Authors: Mangas Kirstie M. , Tobias Nicholas J. , Marion Estelle , Babonneau Jérémie , Marsollier Laurent , Porter Jessica L. , Pidot Sacha J. , Wong Chinn Yi , Jackson David C. , Chua Brendon Y. , Stinear Timothy P.
Published: August 2020

Background

Mycobacterium ulceransis the causative agent of a debilitating skin and soft tissue infection known as Buruli ulcer (BU). There is no vaccine against BU. The purpose of this study was to investigate the vaccine potential of two previously described immunogenicM. ulceransproteins, MUL_3720 and Hsp18, using a mouse tail infection model of BU.

Methods

Recombinant versions of the two proteins were each electrostatically coupled with a previously described lipopeptide adjuvant. Seven C57BL/6 and seven BALB/c mice were vaccinated and boosted with each of the formulations. Vaccinated mice were then challenged withM. ulceransvia subcutaneous tail inoculation. Vaccine performance was assessed by time-to-ulceration compared to unvaccinated mice.

Results

The MUL_3720 and Hsp18 vaccines induced high titres of antigen-specific antibodies that were predominately subtype IgG1. However, all mice developed ulcers by day-40 post-M. ulceranschallenge. No significant difference was observed in the time-to-onset of ulceration between the experimental vaccine groups and unvaccinated animals.

Conclusions

These data align with previous vaccine experiments using Hsp18 and MUL_3720 that indicated these proteins may not be appropriate vaccine antigens. This work highlights the need to explore alternative vaccine targets and different approaches to understand the role antibodies might play in controlling BU.
Study the Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Funds of Usha Martin for Socio-economic Development in Ranchi District of Jharkhand
Authors: Gauta Mayur , Shahare Virendra B.
Published: August 2020

The impact of Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) funds was studied in Hutup village in Ormanjhi Block of Ranchi district of Jharkhand, where CSR sponsored project was implemented by KGVK under the guidance of Usha Martin Ranchi for improving the quality of life of the work fore and their families as well as of the community and society at a large. Out of total 270 beneficiaries 30 farmers were selected as respondents in the study. It was observed that 27.40 percent of farmers come below the socio-economic status group, whereas 61.1240 in medium and 11.48% comes from a high socio-economic status group. Due to the creation of water harvesting structure in the village overall 38.21% assured irrigation has been increased. The productivity of cereals, pulses, oilseeds and vegetables has been increased 76.47, 116.66, 125 and 88.23 percent respectively, resulting thereby 24.56, 52.94, 60.86 and 83.33 percent income of farmers has been increased through cultivation of Cereal, Pulses, Oilseeds and vegetables respectively. Result reveals that development of water harvesting structure is an important intervention for enhancing production and productivity of agricultural crops in Jharkhand. The results also suggested that demonstration of improved production technologies coupled with capacity building of farmers through trainings of improved package of practices of different crops and vegetables as well as timely input support services increase the production and availability of local market for selling of produce at remunerative price enhance the income of farmers.
Transcription of carbonyl reductase 1 is regulated by DNA topoisomerase II beta
Authors: Khazeem Mushtaq M. , Cowell Ian G. , Harkin Lauren F. , Casement John W. , Austin Caroline A.
Published: August 2020

DNA topoisomerase II beta (TOP2B) has a role in transcriptional regulation. Here, to further investigate transcriptional regulation by TOP2B, we used RNA‐sequencing and real‐time PCR to analyse the differential gene expression profiles of wild‐type and two independent TOP2B‐null pre‐B Nalm‐6 cell lines, one generated by targeted insertion and the other using CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing. We identified carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) among the most significantly downregulated genes in these TOP2B‐null cells. Reduced CBR1 expression was accompanied by loss of binding of the transcription factors USF2 and MAX to the CBR1 promoter. We describe possible mechanisms by which loss of TOP2B results in CBR1 downregulation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a link between TOP2B and CBR1.
DNA in extracellular vesicles: biological and clinical aspects
Authors: Elzanowska Julia , Semira Christine , Costa‐Silva Bruno
Published: August 2020

The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially in the liquid biopsy field, has rapidly evolved in recent years. However, most EV studies have focused on RNA or protein content and DNA in EVs (EV‐DNA) has largely been unnoticed. In this review, we compile current evidence regarding EV‐DNA and provide an extensive discussion on EV‐DNA biology. We look into EV‐DNA biogenesis and mechanisms of DNA loading into EVs, as well as describe the particularly significant function of DNA‐carrying EVs in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, intracellular communication, and immune response modulation. We also examine the current role of EV‐DNA in the clinical setting, specifically in cancer, infections, pregnancy, and prenatal diagnosis.
Refining clinical trial inclusion criteria to optimize the standardized response mean of the CMTPedS
Authors: Cornett Kayla M. D. , Menezes Manoj P. , Bray Paula , Shy Rosemary R. , Moroni Isabella , Pagliano Emanuela , Pareyson Davide , Estilow Tim , Yum Sabrina W. , Bhandari Trupti , Muntoni Francesco , Laura Matilde , Reilly Mary M. , Finkel Richard S. , Eichinger Katy J. , Herrmann David N. , Shy Michael E. , Burns Joshua ,   CMTPedS Study Group
Published: August 2020

The CMT Pediatric Scale (CMTPedS) is a reliable, valid, and responsive clinical outcome measure of disability in children with CMT. The aim of this study was to identify the most responsive patient subset(s), based on the standardized response mean (SRM), to optimize the CMTPedS as a primary outcome measure for upcoming clinical trials. Analysis was based on a 2‐year natural history data from 187 children aged 3–20 years with a range of CMT genetic subtypes. Subsets based on age (3–8 years), disability level (CMTPedS score 0–14), and CMT type (CMT1A) increased the SRM of the CMTPedS considerably. Refining the inclusion criteria in clinical trials to younger, mildly affected cases of CMT1A optimizes the responsiveness of the CMTPedS.
Fabrication of Light‐Weight and Highly Conductive Copper–Carbon Nanotube Core–Shell Fibers Through Interface Design
Authors: Daneshvar Farhad , Chen Hengxi , Zhang Tan , Sue Hung‐Jue
Published: August 2020

Metal‐carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid fibers are emerging materials for light‐weight conductors that can replace common metallic conductors. One of the main challenges to their development is the poor affinity between CNT and metals. In this work, a new approach for fabrication of CNT/Cu core‐shell fibers is demonstrated that outperforms the commercial Cu wires in terms of specific conductivity, ampacity, and strength. By introducing thiol groups to the surface of CNT fibers, a dense Cu coating with enhanced adhesion is obtained. Consequently, CNT/Cu core‐shell fibers with specific conductivity of 3.6 × 107 S m−1 and tensile strength of 1 GPa, which is almost five times higher than commercial Cu wires, are produced. Due to strong interaction of thiol functional groups and Cu atoms, the fiber can preserve its integrity and conductivity after >500 fatigue bending cycles. Furthermore, the ampacity of the composite wire reaches to 1.04 × 105 A cm−2, which corresponds to a specific ampacity two times higher than that of commercial Cu wires. The interfacial design between Cu and CNT presented here is versatile and can be implemented in other processing and deposition methods.
Characteristics of extreme rainfall in South China during the late rice growth period
Authors: Wu Liji , Hu Fei , Pan Shenggang
Published: August 2020

Extreme rainfall has significant impacts on human society and agricultural development, as well as severe effects on rice development. However, few studies have investigated the characteristics of extreme rainfall during different stages of rice growth period. Taking the South China region as a case study, the characteristics of extreme daily rainfall in the late rice growth period (July to November) from 1960 to 2009 were investigated using the percentile method. The results indicated that the extreme rainfall threshold varies between stages of rice growth period. The regional average extreme rainfall threshold exceeded the traditional heavy rainfall threshold (50 mm/day) during the seeding (60.6 mm/day), tillering (56.6 mm/day) and booting stage (51 mm/day) of late rice growth period. Regions with high extreme rainfall threshold are observed in coastal cities during each stage. Typhoons are the most important weather system that causes extreme rainfall, especially in the first three stages of the late rice growth period. Pronounced annual variability is found in a number of cases of extreme rainfall and typhoon‐caused (TC) extreme rainfall. Extreme rainfall, ranging from 100–200 mm/day, is most common for cases with TC and none‐typhoon‐caused (NTC) extreme rainfall. Finally, flood risk regions more easily form in the coastal cities in cases of TC extreme rainfall, but for NTC extreme rainfall, the north‐western region of South China is the main flood risk region.
Allelopathic effects of native and invasive Brassica nigra do not support the novel‐weapons hypothesis
Authors: Oduor Ayub M. O. , van Kleunen Mark , Stift Marc
Published: August 2020

Premise

The novel‐weapons hypothesis predicts that some plants are successful invaders because they release allelopathic compounds that are highly suppressive to naïve competitors in invaded ranges but are relatively ineffective against competitors in the native range. For its part, the evolution of enhanced weaponry hypothesis predicts that invasive populations may evolve increased expression of the allelopathic compounds. However, these predictions have rarely been tested empirically.

Methods

Here, we made aqueous extracts of roots and shoots of invasive (North American) and native (European) Brassica nigra plants. Seeds of nine species from North America and nine species from Europe were exposed to these extracts. As control solutions, we used pure distilled water and distilled water with the osmotic potential adjusted with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to match that of root and shoot extracts of B. nigra.

Results

The extracts had a strong negative effect on germination rates and seedling root lengths of target species compared to the water‐control. Compared to the osmolality‐adjusted controls, the extracts had a negative effect on seedling root length. We found no differences between the effects of B. nigra plant extracts from the invasive vs. native populations on germination rates and seedling root growth of target plant species. Responses were largely independent of whether the target plant species were from the invaded or native range of B. nigra.

Conclusions

The results show that B. nigra can interfere with other species through allelochemical interactions, but do not support predictions of the novel‐weapons hypothesis and evolution of increased allelopathy.
Microbial fuel cell‐assisted Congo red dye decolorization using biowaste‐derived anode material
Authors: Prajapati Shalini , Yelamarthi Pydi Setty
Published: August 2020

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a promising technology for wastewater treatment coupled with electricity generation. Biowaste‐derived electrodes are used to improve the surface area, roughness, and hydrophilicity, which play pivotal role in the enhanced biofilm formation. In the present study, Ficus religiosa leaves (FRL) biowaste was used to develop the bioelectrode. In this study, Congo red (CR) dye decolorization was performed using MFC, wherein the effect of dye decolorization with respect to dye concentration, glucose concentration, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) was studied. The surface roughness and distribution of carbon powder on carbon cloth were confirmed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Also, Bacillus subtilis adhesion and chain‐like structure formation on the electrode confirmed the biofilm formation on the electrode. The polarization curve was performed to assess the MFC performance. The maximum power density of 70.50 mW/m2 and current density of 251.79 mA/m2 at 2,224 Ω was achieved. The maximum decolorization of 80.95 ± 2.08% and COD reduction of 73.96 ± 1.76% were obtained, respectively, after complete treatment of MFC for 54 h. UV‐visible spectrometry analysis of dye contained samples during MFC treatment at various time intervals was confirmed the cleavage of azo bond (NN), and the corresponding peak intensity variation was noticed at 490 nm.
Reduced graphene oxide/silica nanocomposite‐reinforced anticorrosive fluorocarbon coating
Authors: Zhong Beijie , Shen Liming , Zhang Xiaoyan , Li Chang , Bao Ningzhong
Published: August 2020

Reduced graphene oxide‐silica (rGO/SiO2) nanocomposite filler was prepared with a ball milling process and then modified using a coupling agent of NH2C3H6Si(OC2H5)3(KH‐550) to improve its dispersion in the fluoroethylene vinyl ether (FEVE) coating. The surface properties and morphologies of the modified rGO/SiO2(M‐rGO/SiO2) nanocomposite filler and M‐rGO/SiO2‐reinforced FEVE coating were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel polarization curves were applied to illustrate the corrosion resistance of the coating. The results showed that the M‐rGO/SiO2composite can disperse well in the coating and efficiently extend the corrosion path, enhancing the anti‐corrosion property of the FEVE coating. Therefore, the |Z|0.01 Hzof M‐rGO/SiO2reinforced FEVE coating maintained at around 1010 Ω·cm2in the 30 days test cycle and a protection efficiency of up to 95.18% was achieved.