bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Factors That Affect Auditor’s Judgment and Decision Making in Lebanese Audit Firms
Authors: Moustafa Abdallah Bilal Adel , Ghanem Mohamed Gaber , Hijazi Wagdi Hamed
Published: February 2024

The exercise of audit judgment is essential because it is impractical to perform an audit on all types of evidence. These types of evidence are considered in forming an opinion on audited financial statements, making audit judgment a determinant of the audit’s outcome. The objective of this research is to analyze the factors that affect an auditor’s judgment and decision making (JDM) during an audit. This study used an exploratory research design, with the factor analysis approach as its methodology. However, the data were collected using the questionnaire method. The questionnaire was sent to all member auditors of the Lebanese Association of Certified Public Accountants (LACPA). A total of 310 completed questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The data analysis findings indicate that the auditor’s JDM throughout the audit process is affected by three factors: personal, task, and environmental factors. The auditor’s personal factor becomes the dominant factor because it has the largest eigenvalue of 7.949. These findings demonstrate the complex and diverse nature of auditor judgment, highlighting the significance of considering audit JDM factors. Therefore, auditors may improve their abilities to make informed and effective judgments throughout the audit process by acknowledging the importance of personal, task, and environmental factors.
Interactive Effects of Ecological Land Agglomeration and Habitat Quality on Soil Erosion in the Jinsha River Basin, China
Authors: Wen Bo , Liu Chenxi , Tian Xu , Zhang Qi , Huang Shaolie , Zhang Yanyuan
Published: February 2024

Soil erosion is a significant global environmental issue and a crucial aspect of global change. Exploring the interactive effect of ecological land agglomeration and habitat quality on soil erosion can effectively guide the positive intervention of ecological restoration activities. The study calculated the comprehensive ecological land agglomeration with Fragstats 4.2 and the habitat quality with InVEST 3.7.0 for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020 within the Jinsha River Basin in Yunnan, China. In addition, the RUSLE model was utilized to calculate soil erosion in the study area. The Geographic and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) model was employed to obtain the regression coefficients and their spatial and temporal variations. The findings of this study revealed the following: (1) During the study period, there was an overall 29.06% reduction in the soil erosion modulus with an annual rate of 1.70% reduction on average, accompanied by an increase in both the comprehensive ecological land agglomeration and habitat quality. Soil erosion was more severe in the eastern regions than in the western ones and the other two indicators were higher in the northeast and southwest. (2) The GTWR results demonstrate that comprehensive ecological land agglomeration and habitat quality were negatively correlated with soil erosion, with results of −0.1383 and 0.0021, respectively. However, in northwest regions, there was a significant positive correlation between habitat quality and soil erosion. (3) The interaction term between comprehensive ecological land agglomeration and habitat quality was significantly negatively correlated with soil erosion with a result of −0.0299, and the interaction coefficients have regional variations. This study offers valuable guidance for land-use development and soil and water conservation in the Jinsha River Basin.
Biomechanical Effect on Jack’s Test on Barefoot Position, Regular Socks, and Biomechanics Socks
Authors: Gómez-Carrión Álvaro , Reguera-Medina José Manuel , Coheña-Jiménez Manuel , Martínez-Nova Alfonso , Jiménez-Cano Victor Manuel , Sánchez-Gómez Rubén
Published: February 2024

The proper dorsal flexion movement of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) is crucial for an accurate gait. Restricted movement can disrupt the windlass mechanism, and Jack’s test is a tool to assess such alterations. Although running socks are commonly used, their influence on the windlass mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure the resistance to passive dorsal flexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) under three different conditions: barefoot, wearing regular socks, and wearing biomechanical socks, using a digital force gauge. Methods: The research involved a sample size of 30 subjects (14 men and 16 women), and Jack’s test was conducted using a digital force gauge and a lever system. Three conditions were measured, barefoot, with a regular sock, and with the biomechanical socks. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed when using biomechanical socks with orthopedic corrections during Jack’s test, as measured with the digital force gauge (13.33 N ± 3.54, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The utilization of biomechanical socks with a kinetic wedge, reinforced mesh in the medial longitudinal arch, and padding in the heel area results in a reduction of the force required, measured in newtons, to perform dorsal flexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) during Jack’s test compared to being barefoot or wearing regular socks.
Effects of Kinesiotape versus Low-Dye Tape on Pain and Comfort Measures in Patients with Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: García-Gomariz Carmen , Hernández-Guillén David , Nieto-Gil Pilar , Blasco-García Carlos , Alcahuz-Griñán Montse , Blasco José-María
Published: February 2024

Background: Bandages are commonly used to relieve pain in patients with plantar fasciitis. The goal was to compare the effects of using kinesiotape versus low-dye tape in the acute phase of plantar fasciitis on pain and comfort measures. Methods: Forty individuals with plantar fasciitis were allocated to the kinesiotape or low-dye tape interventions. The patients were assessed at baseline and every 24 h until the fifth day. The primary measure was a visual analog scale of pain. The other measures were comfort, mobility, durability, personal hygiene, sweating, and allergies. The effects were compared with an ANOVA test, 95% CI. Results: Kinesiotape was more effective in reducing pain; the greater effect occurred during the first day, with a between-group difference of 2.0 (95% CI: 1.8 to 2.2). The pain differences between the treatments progressively reduced each day from the second day. Kinesiotape offered significantly higher performance than low-dye tape in mobility, comfort, and comfort in hygiene, sweating, and durability, with a large effect size d > 0.8. Conclusions: Kinesiotape could be more effective than low-dye tape in relieving pain in patients with plantar fasciitis, with a significant clinical impact on the first day of treatment. Kinesiotape can also provide higher performance in terms of comfort.
Characteristics of the Pressing Process and Density Profile of MUPF-Bonded Particleboards Produced from Waste Plywood
Authors: Laskowska Agnieszka
Published: February 2024

Waste plywood containing phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin is one of the materials that are difficult to use in the production of particleboards based on UF resin. Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze the possibility of using this type of waste in the production of particleboards bonded with melamine-urea-phenol-formaldehyde (MUPF) resin in order to determine their suitability for particleboard production. The pressing process and density profile of three-layer particleboards were presented. The press closing time for mats containing only recovered particles in the core layer (100%), produced with a face layer ratio of 50%, a resin load for a face layer of 12%, and a core layer of 10%, at a unit pressure of 3 MPa, was 29% shorter than for the industrial particle mats. Regardless of the level of variability of independent factors, the heating time of the mats containing recovered particles was 10–20% shorter than the heating time of the mats with industrial particles. The greatest impact on the maximum density of the face layer of particleboards was observed for the content of the recovered particles and then the resin load. The maximum density area of the face layer was located closer to the surface in particleboards produced with a higher (80%, 100%) content of the recovered particles, a higher (i.e., 12% and 10%, respectively, for face and core layers) resin load, a lower (35%) face layer ratio, and a higher (3 MPa) unit pressure.
Influence of Electrolyte Choice on Zinc Electrodeposition
Authors: Maniam Kranthi Kumar , Penot Corentin , Paul Shiladitya
Published: February 2024

Zinc electrodeposition serves as a crucial electrochemical process widely employed in various industries, particularly in automotive manufacturing, owing to its cost effectiveness compared to traditional methods. However, traditional zinc electrodeposition using aqueous solutions faces challenges related to toxicity and hydrogen gas generation. Non-aqueous electrolytes such as ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained attention, with choline-chloride-based DESs showing promise despite raising environmental concerns. In this study, zinc electrodeposition on mild steel was investigated using three distinct electrolytes: (i) halide-free aqueous solutions, (ii) chloride-based DES, and (iii) halide-free acetate-based organic solutions. The study examined the influence of deposition time on the growth of Zn on mild steel substrates from these electrolytes using physical characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicate that glycol + acetate-based non-aqueous organic solutions provide an eco-friendly alternative, exhibiting comparable efficiency, enhanced crystalline growth, and promising corrosion resistance. This research contributes valuable insights into the impact of electrolyte choice on zinc electrodeposition, offering a pathway towards more sustainable and efficient processes. Through a comprehensive comparison and analysis of these methods, it advances our understanding of the practical applications of zinc electrodeposition technology.
Recent Developments of Nano Flame Retardants for Unsaturated Polyester Resin
Authors: Dowbysz Adriana , Samsonowicz Mariola , Kukfisz Bożena , Koperniak Piotr
Published: February 2024

For many years, efforts have been made to reduce the flammability of unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs), which are often used in the rail, shipbuilding, and construction industries. Without modification, they often fail to meet fire safety standards. Despite a rich history of flame retardants (FRs) applied to UPRs, researchers seek new solutions that will provide lower flammability and smoke density, as well as attaining a lower environmental impact from the composites. The objective of the study is to highlight the most important recent research on promising nano FRs in order to promote their further development. Mechanisms of action of several groups of nano FRs, such as clay-based, carbon-based, transition metal compounds, layered double hydroxides, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes, and others, including bio-based, have been studied. Particular emphasis has been laid on nano FRs applied to UPRs, and their influences on thermal stability, flammability, and mechanical properties. Moreover, the environmental impact and toxicity of nano FRs have been discussed. Results have proved that nano FRs applied at low loadings may significantly improve thermal stability, with a simultaneous increase or only a slight decrease in mechanical properties. However, attention on related environmental issues has highlighted the necessity of carefully selecting novel nano FRs.
New Scalable Sulfur Cathode Containing Specifically Designed Polysulfide Adsorbing Materials
Authors: Suzanowicz Artur M. , Turner Bianca , Abeywickrama Thulitha M. , Lin Hao , Alramahi Dana , Segre Carlo U. , Mandal Braja K.
Published: February 2024

Because of its considerable theoretical specific capacity and energy density, lithium–sulfur battery technology holds great potential to replace lithium-ion battery technology. However, a versatile, low-cost, and easily scalable bulk synthesis method is essential for translating bench-level development to large-scale production. This paper reports the design and synthesis of a new scalable sulfur cathode, S@CNT/PANI/PPyNT/TiO2 (BTX). The rationally chosen cathode components suppress the migration of polysulfide intermediates via chemical interactions, enhance redox kinetics, and provide electrical conductivity to sulfur, rendering outstanding long-term cycling performance and strong initial specific capacity in terms of electrochemical performance. This cathode’s cell demonstrated an initial specific capacity of 740 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C (with a capacity decay rate of 0.08% per cycle after 450 cycles).
Compensation Method for Correcting the Topography Convolution of the 3D AFM Profile Image of a Diffraction Grating
Authors: Zhang Kai , Bai Yang , Zhang Zhimin
Published: February 2024

Any 3D AFM image is a convolution of the geometry of the AFM tip and the profile of the scanned sample, especially when the dimensions of the scanned sample are comparable to those of the AFM tip shape. The precise profile of the scanned sample can be extracted from the 3D AFM image if the geometry of the AFM tip is known. Therefore, in order to separate the geometry of the AFM probe tip from the 3D AFM image of a diffraction grating with a rectangular profile and to correct for the topographic convolutions induced by the AFM probe tip, a method is used to quantitatively evaluate the geometry of the AFM probe tip, including the tip radius and the included angle. A model for reconstructing the measured AFM image is proposed to correct topography convolutions caused by the AFM tip shape when scanning a diffraction grating with rectangular profiles. A series of experiments were performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed AFM tip geometry evaluation method, and comparison experiments were conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of the proposed reconstruction model.
An Air Spring Resonant Vibration Exciter for Large Structures
Authors: Brancati Renato , De Falco Domenico , Di Massa Giandomenico , Pagano Stefano , Rocca Ernesto
Published: February 2024

Periodic monitoring of large industrial and civil structures is carried out through static and dynamic measurements. The monitoring, carried out over many years, offers important information for evaluating the health of structures and their management. Dynamic tests are carried out starting from measurements of the vibrations of the structure induced by mechanical devices or by the surrounding environment. If a ground support element is available, it is possible to exert a forcing action on the structure using actuators fixed to the support. When a ground support is unavailable, the structure can be forced using devices comprised of masses with rotary or reciprocating translational motion. These masses must be large enough to excite appreciable mechanical vibrations of the structure. In this paper, a vibration exciter, based on a mass suspended on an air spring and forced to vibrate at the resonant frequency, is proposed. Thanks to the resonant condition, the force transmitted to the structure is amplified compared to that applied to the mass. The excitation frequency can be adjusted by altering the inflation pressure of the air spring to modify the natural frequency of the system. In the paper, after the presentation of some mechanical devices used as vibration exciters for large structures, the proposed device is described and the first experimental results are reported.
Electrospinning: Processes, Structures, and Materials
Authors: Ahmadi Bonakdar Mahboubeh , Rodrigue Denis
Published: February 2024

Electrospinning is a simple and affordable method of producing nanofibers, offering a large specific surface area and highly porous structures with diameters ranging from nanometers to micrometers. This process relies on an electrostatic field, providing precise control over the fiber dimensions and morphologies through parameter optimization and the use of specialized spinnerets and collectors. The paper extensively covers the electrospinning process and parameters, shedding light on the factors influencing electrospinning. It addresses the morphological and structural aspects of electrospun fibers that are used in different applications. Additionally, this paper explores various polymeric and non-polymeric materials used in electrospinning. Furthermore, it investigates the incorporation of fillers during electrospinning, using an electric field to enhance properties and functionality. The review concludes by offering insights into upscaling electrospinning production.
A Hybrid Initialization and Effective Reproduction-Based Evolutionary Algorithm for Tackling Bi-Objective Large-Scale Feature Selection in Classification
Authors: Xu Hang , Huang Chaohui , Wen Hui , Yan Tao , Lin Yuanmo , Xie Ying
Published: February 2024

Evolutionary algorithms have been widely used for tackling multi-objective optimization problems, while feature selection in classification can also be seen as a discrete bi-objective optimization problem that pursues minimizing both the classification error and the number of selected features. However, traditional multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) can encounter setbacks when the dimensionality of features explodes to a large scale, i.e., the curse of dimensionality. Thus, in this paper, we focus on designing an adaptive MOEA framework for solving bi-objective feature selection, especially on large-scale datasets, by adopting hybrid initialization and effective reproduction (called HIER). The former attempts to improve the starting state of evolution by composing a hybrid initial population, while the latter tries to generate more effective offspring by modifying the whole reproduction process. Moreover, the statistical experiment results suggest that HIER generally performs the best on most of the 20 test datasets, compared with six state-of-the-art MOEAs, in terms of multiple metrics covering both optimization and classification performances. Then, the component contribution of HIER is also studied, suggesting that each of its essential components has a positive effect. Finally, the computational time complexity of HIER is also analyzed, suggesting that HIER is not time-consuming at all and shows promising computational efficiency.
Identification of PLK1-PBD Inhibitors from the Library of Marine Natural Products: 3D QSAR Pharmacophore, ADMET, Scaffold Hopping, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Zhou Nan , Zheng Chuangze , Tan Huiting , Luo Lianxiang
Published: February 2024

PLK1 is found to be highly expressed in various types of cancers, but the development of inhibitors for it has been slow. Most inhibitors are still in clinical stages, and many lack the necessary selectivity and anti-tumor effects. This study aimed to create new inhibitors for the PLK1-PBD by focusing on the PBD binding domain, which has the potential for greater selectivity. A 3D QSAR model was developed using a dataset of 112 compounds to evaluate 500 molecules. ADMET prediction was then used to select three molecules with strong drug-like characteristics. Scaffold hopping was employed to reconstruct 98 new compounds with improved drug-like properties and increased activity. Molecular docking was used to compare the efficient compound abbapolin, confirming the high-activity status of [(14S)-14-hydroxy-14-(pyridin-2-yl)tetradecyl]ammonium,[(14S)-15-(2-furyl)-14-hydroxypentadecyl]ammonium and [(14S)-14-hydroxy-14-phenyltetradecyl]ammonium. Molecular dynamics simulations and MMPBSA were conducted to evaluate the stability of the compounds in the presence of proteins. An in-depth analysis of [(14S)-15-(2-furyl)-14-hydroxypentadecyl]ammonium and [(14S)-14-hydroxy-14-phenyltetradecyl]ammonium identified them as potential candidates for PLK1 inhibitors.
Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients before and after Treatment
Authors: Gil Olaf , Fenske Benjamin , Bremert Thomas , Vollmer Marcus , Scharf Christian , Busch Chia-Jung , Blaurock Markus
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common not only in the general population but even more so in patients with tumors of the head and neck region. Untreated, it leads to reduced quality of life, increased daytime sleepiness, and other comorbidities. The aim of this study was to determine the difference in the occurrence of OSA in the patient population with head and neck tumors compared with the general population as represented by the Trend cohort of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), and to assess the influence of tumor treatment. Materials and Methods: Between July 2018 and December 2021, preoperative polysomnography was conducted in 47 patients with histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma in the oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx. A follow-up polysomnography was performed in 23 patients 2–11 months after completing treatment. The collected data were correlated with tumor treatment and tumor size. Results: Of the included patients, 43 were male and 4 were female. Age ranged from 54 to 90 years. The pretherapeutic measurement found no significant difference in the prevalence of a pathologically elevated apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) in our patients compared with the SHIP Trend cohort. In the follow-up measurement after completion of treartment, a significant deterioration in AHI was observed. Initially, 70% of patients had an AHI > 5; after therapy, this increased to 87% (p = 0.008). The effect was particularly pronounced in the group of patients with advanced tumor stages who had received primary chemoradiation. Conclusions: OSA is a relevant condition in patients with head and neck cancer. Tumor treatment can lead to an increased occurrence of sleep-related breathing disorders, especially in patients with advanced tumor stages undergoing primary chemoradiation. Additional studies are necessary to better understand the exact mechanism involved.
Real-World Utilization of Corticosteroids in Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis: Eligibility, Response, and Outcomes
Authors: Singeap Ana-Maria , Minea Horia , Petrea Oana , Robea Madalina-Andreea , Balmuș Ioana-Miruna , Duta Raluca , Ilie Ovidiu-Dumitru , Cimpoesu Carmen Diana , Stanciu Carol , Trifan Anca
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives: Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) poses a medical challenge, causing moderately severe to life-threatening episodes with high short- and long-term mortality. This study aimed to explore real-world corticosteroid utilization in severe AH, response predictors, and patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on patients admitted for severe AH, defined as a Maddrey Discriminant Function score equal to or above 32, at a tertiary care center. We reviewed patients’ medical observation charts to identify corticosteroid prescriptions, reasons for ineligibility, and response rates. Responders were defined based on the Lille score, and predictors of non-response were identified. Short-term (one-month) and long-term (one-year) mortality rates were calculated according to treatment and response. Results: Out of 310 patients enrolled with severe AH, 59% received corticosteroids, achieving a response rate of 75.4%. The reasons for not administering corticosteroids were as follows: uncontrolled infections (27.6%), renal dysfunction (20.4%), gastrointestinal bleeding (18.9%), acute pancreatitis (7.1%), uncontrolled diabetes (3.1%), and other or unknown causes (22.8%). The overall 1-month mortality rate was 12.2%, higher in non-responders (35.3%) and patients who did not receive corticosteroids (13.4%) compared to responders (3.6%). The overall 1-year mortality rate was 62.5%, similar between patients who did not receive corticosteroids (78.7%) and non-responders (77.7%) and higher compared to responders (42.8%). Predictive factors for non-response included older age (OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.01–1.08), concomitant cirrhosis (OR= 2.11, 95% CI: 1.064–4.20), MELD scores exceeding 30 (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.21–4.80), severe hypoalbuminemia (OR = 2.46, 95%CI: 1.12–5.37), and increased serum creatinine (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–2.03). Among the prognostic scores, MELD 3.0 score exhibited superior efficacy for short-term (AUC = 0.734, 95% CI 0.656–0.811) and long-term mortality (AUC = 0.777, 95% CI: 0.724–0.830) compared to alternative scoring systems. Conclusions: Low eligibility rate and poor prognosis underscore the need for effective therapies. Our findings contribute to refining risk stratification and early prediction of non-response, aiding clinicians in identifying more beneficial therapies.
A Lonelier World after COVID-19: Longitudinal Population-Based Study of Well-Being, Emotional and Social Loneliness, and Suicidal Behaviour in Slovenia
Authors: Poštuvan Vita , Krohne Nina , Lavrič Meta , Gomboc Vanja , De Leo Diego , Rojs Lucia
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives: The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) goes beyond the consequences of the infectious disease, especially as the measures taken to prevent the spread of the virus have had a very profound impact on people’s social relationships and everyday lives. Several studies have investigated these effects, but there is a lack of longitudinal studies in Central Europe. Objective: The aim of our study was to observe changes in well-being, loneliness, and suicidal behaviour before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic using the same population-based cohort. Materials and Methods: A representative sample of 440 participants completed online questionnaires at four time points: 2019 (wave 0), 2021 (wave 1), 2022 (wave 2), and 2023 (wave 3). Results: The results show significant changes in the levels of well-being and loneliness over these periods. In particular, both social and emotional loneliness increased during the pandemic, while emotional loneliness increased to a greater extent without further decreases. Well-being appeared to increase after pandemic-related restrictions diminished but decreased again one year later. No significant changes concerning suicidal ideation were observed. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic changed the way in which people perceive their well-being and especially their relationships with others. From the data, we can conclude that people’s worldview is now lonelier than before the pandemic.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone as a Possible Additional COVID-19 Outcome Marker
Authors: Zrilic Vrkljan Anamarija , Majic Tengg Ana , Palaversa Tanja , Marusic Srecko , Ruzic Lana , Bilic-Curcic Ines , Cigrovski Berkovic Maja
Published: February 2024

Background and Objectives: The interaction between thyroid and SARS-CoV-2 is complex and not yet fully understood. This study aimed to identify a predictive value of serum TSH levels on the short-term and middle-term outcomes of patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed electronic records (ERs) data for hospitalized COVID-19 patients between March 2020 and June 2021 and their ERs during outpatient visits, 6–8 weeks post-discharge, in cases of known serum TSH levels and no previous thyroid disorder. The short-term (length of hospital stay, MSCT findings of lung involvement, required level of oxygen supplementation, admission to the ICU, and death) and middle-term outcomes after 6 to 8 weeks post-discharge (MSCT findings of lung involvement) were analyzed. Results: There were 580 patients included: 302 males and 278 females, average age of 66.39 ± 13.31 years, with no known thyroid disease (TSH mean 1.16 ± 1.8; median 0.80; no value higher than 6.0 mIU/L were included). Higher TSH was observed in patients with less severe outcomes and was associated with significantly higher SpO2 during hospitalization. Patients who required overall more oxygen supplementation or HFOT, mechanical ventilation, and patients who were more frequently admitted to the ICU or were more often treated with corticosteroids had lower TSH than those who did not show these indicators of disease severity. Lower TSH was also present in non-survivors when compared to survivors (all p < 0.01). Patients with low TSH during hospitalization more often had persistent lung involvement during the post-COVID-19 period (p = 0.028). In the post-COVID-19 period, there was an overall, statistically significant increase in the TSH levels when compared to TSH during hospitalization (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Low/suppressed serum TSH levels during acute COVID-19 may be an additional laboratory test that should be included in the prediction of unfavorable short- and middle-term outcomes.
Modeling of Integrated Hollow-Fiber Solar-Powered VMD Modules for Desalination for a Better Understanding and Management of Heat Flows
Authors: Alfonso Gina , Laborie Stéphanie , Cabassud Corinne
Published: February 2024

The direct integration of membrane distillation and solar energy collection in a single module is a promising technology for autonomous seawater desalination in remote regions; however, the modeling and design of such modules are challenging because of the coupling of the radial and longitudinal heat and mass transfers. In a previous study, we provided as a first modeling approach a hollow fiber solar collector vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) module, considering a constant temperature at the shell side and a pure water feed. Here, a full model is developed to describe the coupled effects of the solar collector and a hollow fiber VMD module operating in an outside/in mode with saline water. The model considers all the main phenomena (membrane distillation, temperature and concentration polarization, absorption of solar radiation and energy balances over the solar collector, radial and longitudinal heat and mass transfer, seawater properties, and more than 30 variables). Applied to simulate the behavior of a semi-industrial-scale module, it allows the influence of solar radiation on the performance/limits of the integrated module to be discussed based on the radial and longitudinal profiles and heat flows. The model can be used to identify key points in the module design to better utilize solar radiation and manage heat flows.
Sustainability in Membrane Technology: Membrane Recycling and Fabrication Using Recycled Waste
Authors: Khanzada Noman Khalid , Al-Juboori Raed A. , Khatri Muzamil , Ahmed Farah Ejaz , Ibrahim Yazan , Hilal Nidal
Published: February 2024

Membrane technology has shown a promising role in combating water scarcity, a globally faced challenge. However, the disposal of end-of-life membrane modules is problematic as the current practices include incineration and landfills as their final fate. In addition, the increase in population and lifestyle advancement have significantly enhanced waste generation, thus overwhelming landfills and exacerbating environmental repercussions and resource scarcity. These practices are neither economically nor environmentally sustainable. Recycling membranes and utilizing recycled material for their manufacturing is seen as a potential approach to address the aforementioned challenges. Depending on physiochemical conditions, the end-of-life membrane could be reutilized for similar, upgraded, and downgraded operations, thus extending the membrane lifespan while mitigating the environmental impact that occurred due to their disposal and new membrane preparation for similar purposes. Likewise, using recycled waste such as polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, tire rubber, keratin, and cellulose and their derivates for fabricating the membranes can significantly enhance environmental sustainability. This study advocates for and supports the integration of sustainability concepts into membrane technology by presenting the research carried out in this area and rigorously assessing the achieved progress. The membranes’ recycling and their fabrication utilizing recycled waste materials are of special interest in this work. Furthermore, this study offers guidance for future research endeavors aimed at promoting environmental sustainability.
Mechanical Response of Zr51.9Cu23.3Ni10.5Al14.3 Metallic Glass Ribbon under Varying Strain Rates
Authors: Li Dongyue , Wu Chengshuang , Su Yitian , Xie Lu , Zhang Yong , Wang Wenrui
Published: February 2024

In this work, we investigated the mechanical behavior of a low-cost Zr51.9Cu23.3Ni10.5Al14.3 (at. %) metallic glass ribbon prepared with industrial-grade material through the melt-spinning method. The ribbons have good appearances and almost no defects. The mechanical behavior associated with the corresponding microstructure of the ribbon was tested at different strain rates. Striation and veining patterns were observed in the crack propagation zone and the fast fracture zone. The results show that the tensile strength of the ribbons exceeds 1 GPa. Therefore, they are considered to have good potential for industrial applications. This study could contribute to the preparation of low-cost bulk metallic glass.
A Constitutive Model for Asymmetric Cyclic Hysteresis of Wrought Magnesium Alloys under Variable Amplitude Loading
Authors: Behravesh Seyed Behzad , Lambert Stephan , Jahed Hamid
Published: February 2024

A cyclic plasticity constitutive model was developed for materials with asymmetric cyclic behavior to explain the stabilized stress–strain response under variable amplitude loading. The proposed constitutive model incorporated the von Mises yield function with an adjustment to accommodate asymmetric yielding under tension and compression. A combined isotropic–kinematic hardening model was proposed to describe the evolution of the yield surface in the reference uniaxial frame and the actual frame. The history of plastic deformation is memorized by introducing internal variables, accumulated slip, and residual twins, which govern the cyclic flow behavior in the subsequent reversal. The additional conditions required to predict the stabilized hysteresis response of a material under variable amplitude loading were set out and incorporated into the constitutive model. The model was numerically implemented and programmed into a user material (UMAT) subroutine to run with the commercial finite element program, Abaqus/Standard 2019. The model was calibrated using the stabilized hysteresis response of ZEK100 and AZ31B sheets under constant amplitude strain-controlled cyclic loading for different strain amplitudes. To verify the model, constant amplitude and four different variable amplitude load spectra tests were performed and the stabilized stress–strain hysteresis response predicted by the model was compared with test results. It was demonstrated that the results are in very good agreement.
Effects of Low Nickel Content on Microstructure and High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Al-7Si-1.5Cu-0.4Mg Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Chen Hongping , Wu Shusen , Li Jianyu , Zhao Dijia , Lü Shulin
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the effects of Ni content on the room and elevated temperature (250 °C) tensile strength of Al-7Si-1.5Cu-0.4Mg-0.3Mn-0.1RE-xNi (x = 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 wt.%) alloys were investigated, along with microstructure characterization and tensile testing. In the as-cast state, the dominant Ni-rich phases were primarily the γ-Al7Cu4Ni and δ-Al3CuNi phases. Following the solution heat treatment, a significant reduction in the γ-Al7Cu4Ni phase was noted, accompanied by the emergence of numerous small ε-Al3Ni phases. Both room temperature strength and high temperature strength at 250 °C exhibited a consistent increase with rising Ni content, reaching 405 MPa and 261 MPa, respectively, at 0.9 Ni content, which were increased by 6.4% and 16.8%, respectively, compared with 0 Ni content. The elongation exhibited an oscillating increase within the Ni content range of 0 to 0.6, reaching peak values of 2.6% in room temperature and 4.3% in high temperature at 0.6 Ni, followed by a rapid decline. At 0.6 Ni content, the alloy demonstrated a well-balanced combination of mechanical properties, featuring commendable strength and plasticity.
Implementation of FAIR Practices in Computational Metabolomics Workflows—A Case Study
Authors: Zulfiqar Mahnoor , Crusoe Michael R. , König-Ries Birgitta , Steinbeck Christoph , Peters Kristian , Gadelha Luiz
Published: February 2024

Scientific workflows facilitate the automation of data analysis tasks by integrating various software and tools executed in a particular order. To enable transparency and reusability in workflows, it is essential to implement the FAIR principles. Here, we describe our experiences implementing the FAIR principles for metabolomics workflows using the Metabolome Annotation Workflow (MAW) as a case study. MAW is specified using the Common Workflow Language (CWL), allowing for the subsequent execution of the workflow on different workflow engines. MAW is registered using a CWL description on WorkflowHub. During the submission process on WorkflowHub, a CWL description is used for packaging MAW using the Workflow RO-Crate profile, which includes metadata in Bioschemas. Researchers can use this narrative discussion as a guideline to commence using FAIR practices for their bioinformatics or cheminformatics workflows while incorporating necessary amendments specific to their research area.
Metabolomics Reveals Antioxidant Metabolites in Colored Rice Grains
Authors: Zhu Jinyan , Wang Ruizhi , Zhang Yu , Lu Yanyao , Cai Shuo , Xiong Qiangqiang
Published: February 2024

Colored rice is richer in nutrients and contains more nutrients and bioactive substances than ordinary white rice. Moderate consumption of black (purple) rice has a variety of physiological effects, such as antioxidant effects, blood lipid regulation, and blood sugar control. Therefore, we utilized nontargeted metabolomics, quantitative assays for flavonoid and phenolic compounds, and physiological and biochemical data to explore the correlations between metabolites and the development of antioxidant characteristics in pigmented rice seeds. The findings indicated that, among Yangjinnuo 818 (YJN818), Hongnuo (HN), Yangchannuo 1 hao (YCN1H), and Yangzi 6 hao (YZ6H), YZ6H exhibited the highest PAL activity, which was 2.13, 3.08, and 3.25 times greater than those of YJN818, HN, and YCN1H, respectively. YZ6H likewise exhibited the highest flavonoid content, which was 3.8, 7.06, and 35.54 times greater than those of YJN818, HN, and YCN1H, respectively. YZ6H also had the highest total antioxidant capacity, which was 2.42, 3.76, and 3.77 times greater than those of YJN818, HN, and YCN1H, respectively. Thus, purple rice grains have stronger antioxidant properties than other colored rice grains. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that trans-3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxyflavanone, phorizin, and trilobatin in the YZ6H, HN, and YCN1H comparison groups all had area under the curve (AUC) values of 1. Phlorizin, trans-3,3′,4′,5,5′,7-hexahydroxyflavanone, and trilobatin were recognized as indices of antioxidant capability in colored rice in this research. This research adds to the understanding of antioxidant compounds in pigmented rice, which can increase the nutritional value of rice and promote the overall well-being of individuals. This type of information is of immense importance in maintaining a balanced and healthy diet.
Effects of Astragaloside IV on Hearing, Inflammatory Factors, and Intestinal Flora in Mice Exposed to Noise
Authors: Li Junyi , Yang Jian , Xia Yun , Wang Junyi , Xia Yuan
Published: February 2024

Long-term exposure to noise can cause irreversible hearing loss. Considering that there is no effective drug treatment, it is important to seek preventive treatment for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Although astragaloside IV (AS-IV) protects against NIHL by reducing serum inflammatory factors, there is scarce information on the regulation of inflammatory factors by AS-IV to prevent NIHL. We investigated the hearing thresholds and relationship between the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and intestinal microbiota of c57bl/6j mice exposed to noise (103 dB SPL 4 h·d−1) for 7 days, treated with or without AS-IV. Our results revealed a lower hearing threshold and lower serum levels of TNF-α, TNF-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in the mice treated with AS-IV. Additionally, AS-IV increased the abundance levels of the phylum Firmicutes, class Bacillus, order Lactobacillus, and family Lactobacillus (p < 0.05), and decreased those of the phylum Bacteroidetes and order Bacteroidales (p < 0.05). Lactobacillus and Bacilli negatively correlated with TNF-α, TNF-γ, and IL-1β; Erysipelotrichaceae negatively correlated with INF-γ; and Clostridiales positively correlated with IL-1β. In conclusion, AS-IV reduces the elevation of hearing thresholds in mice, preventing hearing loss in mice exposed to noise, and under the intervention of AS-IV, changes in the levels of inflammatory factors correlate with intestinal flora. We suggest that AS-IV improves intestinal flora and reduces inflammation levels in c57bl/6j mice exposed to noise.
ApoB100 and Atherosclerosis: What’s New in the 21st Century?
Authors: Kounatidis Dimitris , Vallianou Natalia G. , Poulaki Aikaterini , Evangelopoulos Angelos , Panagopoulos Fotis , Stratigou Theodora , Geladari Eleni , Karampela Irene , Dalamaga Maria
Published: February 2024

ApoB is the main protein of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and is further divided into ApoB48 in the intestine and ApoB100 in the liver. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is produced by the liver, contains ApoB100, and is metabolized into its remnants, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). ApoB100 has been suggested to play a crucial role in the formation of the atherogenic plaque. Apart from being a biomarker of atherosclerosis, ApoB100 seems to be implicated in the inflammatory process of atherosclerosis per se. In this review, we will focus on the structure, the metabolism, and the function of ApoB100, as well as its role as a predictor biomarker of cardiovascular risk. Moreover, we will elaborate upon the molecular mechanisms regarding the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, and we will discuss the disorders associated with the APOB gene mutations, and the potential role of various drugs as therapeutic targets.
Area-Selective Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanowire Arrays for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting
Authors: Anang Frank Eric Boye , Wei Xuanwei , Xu Jiushuai , Cain Markys , Li Zhi , Brand Uwe , Peiner Erwin
Published: February 2024

In this work, we present the area-selective growth of zinc oxide nanowire (NW) arrays on patterned surfaces of a silicon (Si) substrate for a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG). ZnO NW arrays were selectively grown on patterned surfaces of a Si substrate using a devised microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-compatible chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. The fabricated devices measured a maximum peak output voltage of ~7.9 mV when a mass of 91.5 g was repeatedly manually placed on them. Finite element modeling (FEM) of a single NW using COMSOL Multiphysics at an applied axial force of 0.9 nN, which corresponded to the experimental condition, resulted in a voltage potential of −6.5 mV. The process repeated with the same pattern design using a layer of SU-8 polymer on the NWs yielded a much higher maximum peak output voltage of ~21.6 mV and a corresponding peak power density of 0.22 µW/cm3, independent of the size of the NW array. The mean values of the measured output voltage and FEM showed good agreement and a nearly linear dependence on the applied force on a 3 × 3 µm2 NW array area in the range of 20 to 90 nN.
Transparent Structures for ZnO Thin Film Paper Transistors Fabricated by Pulsed Electron Beam Deposition
Authors: Gherendi Florin , Dobrin Daniela , Nistor Magdalena
Published: February 2024

Thin film transistors on paper are increasingly in demand for emerging applications, such as flexible displays and sensors for wearable and disposable devices, making paper a promising substrate for green electronics and the circular economy. ZnO self-assembled thin film transistors on a paper substrate, also using paper as a gate dielectric, were fabricated by pulsed electron beam deposition (PED) at room temperature. These self-assembled ZnO thin film transistor source–channel–drain structures were obtained in a single deposition process using 200 and 300 µm metal wires as obstacles in the path of the ablation plasma. These transistors exhibited a memory effect, with two distinct states, “on” and “off”, and with a field-effect mobility of about 25 cm2/Vs in both states. For the “on” state, a threshold voltage (Vth on = −1.75 V) and subthreshold swing (S = 1.1 V/decade) were determined, while, in the “off” state, Vth off = +1.8 V and S = 1.34 V/decade were obtained. A 1.6 μA maximum drain current was obtained in the “off” state, and 11.5 μA was obtained in the “on” state of the transistor. Due to ZnO’s non-toxicity, such self-assembled transistors are promising as components for flexible, disposable smart labels and other various green paper-based electronics.
Microbial Cell Factories: Biodiversity, Pathway Construction, Robustness, and Industrial Applicability
Authors: Chaudhary Rida , Nawaz Ali , Fouillaud Mireille , Dufossé Laurent , Haq Ikram ul , Mukhtar Hamid
Published: February 2024

The microbial biosynthesis of proteins, primary metabolites, and chemicals is gaining extraordinary momentum and is presently viewed as an advancing approach in the industrial research sector. Increased threats to the environment and the possibility of declining petroleum assets have switched the spotlight to microbial cell factories (MCFs). Aside from possessing various advantages over chemical synthesis, such as less toxicity, cheaper methodologies, and an environmentally benign nature, microbes can be cultivated in fermenters, resulting in an effective bioprocessing approach in terms of industrial relevance. As the overwhelming majority of biodiversity is microbial, this review first highlights the microbial biodiversity of industrially vital microorganisms. Then, the paper delineates the production pathways for generating valuable bioproducts via microbial workhorses. Many host cells synthesize bio-compounds as a part of their natural mechanism; however, several techniques have also been developed to attain the desired end product from non-native microbes with selected properties. The microbial biosynthetic pathways can be categorized as native-existing pathways, heterologous pathways, and artificial de novo pathways. Systems metabolic engineering, which integrates metabolic engineering with evolutionary engineering, synthetic biology, and systems biology, has further revolutionized the field of engineering robust phenotypes. The employment of these strategies improves the performance of the strain, eventually achieving high titer and productivity rates of bio-chemicals. Modern trends and tools for exploiting native pathways and designing non-native-created pathways are also briefly discussed in this paper. Finally, the review discusses the use of microbial workhorses for producing a myriad of materials and chemicals, including carboxylic acids, amino acids, plant natural products (PNPs), carotenoids, flavors, and fragrances, unveiling the efficacy of utilizing microbial species to generate sustainable bio-based products.