bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Thermal Behavior of Surface Texture on Laser Cladding Layer of Mold Steel
Authors: Zhao Changlong , Yang Junbao , Li Ming , Yin Chunmei , Ma Zhenrong
Published: September 2023

To extend the service life of mold steel and reduce the residual stresses generated during laser cladding to reduce defects such as surface cracks, this paper conducts a simulation study in terms of optimizing the laser cladding process parameters and pre-setting the surface texture.
Firstly, using residual stress as an indicator, a three-factor, three-level orthogonal experiment was conducted using ANSYS on three factors: laser power, scanning speed, and spot radius, and then the experimental results were subjected to signal-to-noise ratio and extreme difference analysis
to obtain the optimum process parameters: laser power of 800 W, spot radius of 1 mm and scanning speed of 20 mm/s. Subsequently, the mould steel was pre-textured under the optimum process parameters and the temperature and stress fields of the clad layers were compared with those without pre-texturing.
The results show that the average residual stress in the pre-textured clad layer is 149 MPa, which is 58.56% lower than the average residual stress in the unpre-textured clad layer, which is consistent with the experimental results and verifies the feasibility of pre-texturing in the elimination
of residual stress.
Dielectrophoresis-Assisted 3D LC-Oscillator Array in Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Image Senser for Label-Free and Damage Detection of Ancient Building
Authors: Qin Xuan , Yang Xueyan
Published: September 2023

In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of damage detection of ancient buildings, a dielectrophoresis-assisted 3D LC-oscillator array in CMOS image senser for label-free and damage detection of ancient building is proposed to identify damage areas and achieve pixel-level semantic
segmentation. The Grid-Deeplab model is used to model the sub-regions of the damaged image with different importance features. The model has the ability to distinguish the effective area of the image, thereby significantly improve the efficiency and accuracy of the damage detection model.
Using the mean intersection over union as the evaluation standard, the proposed Grid-Deeplab model is tested through the data set with the existing U-Net, SegNet, FCN and Deeplab models. The results show that the mean intersection over union of the Grid-Deeplab optimization model on the test
set reaches 0.77, and the recognition accuracy and training efficiency of the model are superior to other existing models.
Design of a Flexible Hinged Piezoelectric Viscous Slip Actuator with Retraction Suppression
Authors: Liu Xia , Wang Tongyu , Liu Jinlong , Hou Jun , Gai Houjun , Yang Jie , Sun Zhenwen , Tian Xiaochao
Published: September 2023

In order to solve the displacement regression phenomenon of piezoelectric viscous-slip actuators, this paper proposes a lever-type flexible hinge mechanism that uses two sets of piezoelectric stacks to move the slider in both directions and efficiently suppress the displacement regression
phenomenon. First, the overall dimensional parameters of the drive are designed, the device is modeled using 3D software, and the driving principle is analyzed. Then a theoretical model is built based on the lever amplification principle to derive the relevant expressions for the piezoelectric
viscous slip actuator under sawtooth wave type voltage signals. The piezoelectric stack is simulated and analyzed with COMSOL Multiphysics to obtain the modal and stress-displacement clouds of the flexible hinges. Finally, a prototype was built for experimental testing, and the slider in the
device was able to achieve smooth motion and effectively suppress the displacement regression phenomenon. The input voltage of piezo stack A is 100 V, the input voltage of piezo stack D is 150 V, the input frequency is 212 Hz, the maximum output displacement of single-step drive is
46.6 μm, and the amplification ratio of flexible hinge input to output is 2.59. The piezoelectric viscous-slip actuator was verified to be able to achieve effective drive and suppress back-off.
Optimization of Perovskite-Solar-Cells with AlOx Passivated NiOx Hole-Transport-Film
Authors: Zhu Lei , Qin Yongshan , Zhao Yulong , Song Jian
Published: September 2023

Perovskite solar cells have good photoelectric performance and simple fabrication process which received extensive attention in recent years. However, defects-induced carrier recombination strictly inhibits the photovoltaic performance of the device. This paper proposes a simple, fast
and efficient interfacial passivation strategy based on sol–gel micro-reaction. The AlOx nanoparticles deposition at NiOx/perovskite interface reduces defect density providing inverted planar PVCs. The influence of aluminum sec-butoxide concentration on the morphology
and optical properties of hole-transport layers discovered the internal relationship between the passivation parameters and the carrier transport process at NiOx/perovskite interface. This breakthrough investigation shows the increase in photoelectric efficiency from 12.26% to 14.54%
and the retention efficiency from 63% to 72% after 240 h. Therefore, this feasible experiment for interfacial regulation and passivation for PSCs is a gate to new discoveries.
Trends in Management of Anal Fissures
Authors: khan Saher-Zahra S. , Martin Scott , Doh Chang Yoon , Stein Sharon L. , Steinhagen Emily
Published: September 2023

Background

It is unclear how patients with anal fissures are treated in real-world settings, particularly since patients may not see colorectal surgeons. This study describes trends in treatment with medical therapies (calcium-channel blockers [CCBs], nitroglycerin [NTG], and narcotics) and surgical treatments.

Methods

Cohorts were created within the TriNetX database platform using codes for anal fissures and surgical interventions. Demographics were compared between patients that received surgical intervention within 1 year of diagnosis, CCB or NTG within 1 year (or preoperatively), or narcotics within 30 days or postoperatively vs those who did not.

Results

121,213 patients were included of which 4.0% had surgical intervention. Factors associated with surgical intervention were male sex (OR 1.40), White race (OR 1.17), and Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.11). Male patients were more likely to undergo sphincterotomy (OR 1.49). Female (OR 1.27), non-Hispanic (OR 1.34), and White patients (OR 1.41) were more likely to have chemodenervation. Regarding nonoperatively managed patients, non-Hispanic (OR .91) and White patients (OR .89) were less likely to receive CCB/NTG. Male (OR 1.21), non-Hispanic (OR 1.08), and Black patients (OR 1.20) were more likely to receive narcotics. Male patients that required surgery were more likely to be prescribed CCB/NTG preoperatively (OR 1.27). Non-Hispanic surgical patients were more likely to receive narcotics (OR 1.84).

Discussion

Male fissure patients were more likely to undergo surgical intervention other than chemodenervation. Differences in the rates of surgery and medical therapy (especially narcotics) between races and ethnicities require exploration to enhance the care of patients with anal fissures.
Women’s Rights and Misperceived Gender Norms Under Authoritarianism
Authors: Barnett Carolyn
Published: September 2023

Evidence from democracies shows that making laws more egalitarian can increase individuals’ perceptions that others hold egalitarian views. How do citizens in authoritarian regimes that promote women’s rights perceive public opinion on gender issues? While regime actions and narratives could increase perceptions that egalitarian attitudes are widespread, the disconnect between policy and public preferences could inhibit the expressive power of law to alter perceived norms. Drawing on original surveys and qualitative evidence from Morocco, an important case of de jure advances in women’s rights, I find that Moroccans tend to overestimate others’ embrace of patriarchal attitudes on gender issues. The tendency to misperceive conservatism spans demographic categories and is especially pronounced among men. I argue that citizens’ awareness that policy processes are divorced from electoral accountability and the raised salience of conservative opposition during reform processes can reinforce perceived conservatism, even as women’s rights advance.
Drivers of Political Participation: The Role of Partisanship, Identity, and Incentives in Mobilizing Zambian Citizens
Authors: Jöst Prisca , Krönke Matthias , Lockwood Sarah J. , Lust Ellen
Published: September 2023

Scholars and policymakers widely view identity as a key driver of African citizens’ political engagement. In doing so, however, they have emphasized ethnicity and largely sidelined other identities, including gender, local origin, shared residency, and partisanship. In this paper, we explore which identities drive political engagement and why they do so. We employ an original survey experiment that includes various identities and other incentives that may drive citizens’ participation around Zambia’s 2021 national elections. We find that partisanship most influences individuals’ stated willingness to campaign for a candidate or meet with an MP, while ethnicity and social incentives play less significant roles. Finally, we explore the mechanisms underpinning these results and find that citizens anticipate sanctions if they fail to support a co-partisan but not a co-ethnic candidate. These findings have important implications for understanding political engagement and democratic development throughout the region.
The Holocaust, the Socialization of Victimhood and Outgroup Political Attitudes in Israel
Authors: Wayne Carly , Damann Taylor J. , Fachter Shani
Published: September 2023

How does historical victimization and its memorialization impact present-day outgroup attitudes in conflict-riven societies? This study explores this question using a survey experiment with a representative sample of 2000 Jewish Israelis—half of whom are direct descendants of Holocaust survivors—and a content analysis of 98 state-approved school textbooks, examining how histories of victimization become socialized and shape political attitudes. We find that, in Israel, family victimization during the Holocaust plays surprisingly little role in shaping present-day attitudes toward outgroups. Rather, perceived historical victimization of the Jewish and Israeli people is broadly socialized among the Israeli public and is a stronger predictor of outgroup (in)tolerance. These findings shed light on the power of societal victimhood narratives—even in the absence of personal family histories of victimization—to shape political attitudes in conflict contexts, with long-term implications for intergroup cooperation and conflict.
Social Mobility and Motivational Payoff: Achievement Motivation Is More Important in Students’ Performance and Well-Being in Cultures With High Versus Low Social Mobility
Authors: Lou Nigel Mantou , Li Liman Man Wai
Published: September 2023

Achievement motivation encompasses a well-establish distinction between the motive to avoid failure (e.g., fear of failure) and the orientation to improve competence (e.g., mastery goal). But how well do they generalize across cultures in understanding students’ performance and well-being? We argue that students’ achievement motivation is less pronounced in societies characterized by low (vs. high) social mobility, where people have fewer opportunities to change their social status. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed a cross-national data set ( n = 498,362 high-school students from 65 regions) using multilevel modeling. The results indicated that societal-level social mobility significantly moderated the role of (a) mastery goals and fear of failure on academic performance and (b) fear of failure on well-being. These associations were stronger in societies with high (vs. low) social mobility, suggesting that students derive greater academic benefits from mastery goals and fear of failure in societies with higher social mobility. In such societies, however, fear of failure also poses a stronger hindrance to students’ well-being. These findings highlight that the same type of motivation may operate differently across cultures and that socioecological environments may influence the motivational impacts on learning and well-being.
Are Mindfulness and Self-Compassion Related to Peace of Mind? The Mediating Role of Nonattachment
Authors: Xie Qiang
Published: September 2023

Peace of mind is an important affective well-being valued in Chinese culture. Mindfulness and self-compassion could potentially promote peace of mind. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects were not well understood. The current cross-sectional study aimed to investigate whether nonattachment explained the effects of mindfulness and self-compassion on peace of mind. A sample of 364 Chinese adults was recruited from WeChat, a popular Chinese social media platform. Participants filled out an online survey including measures of dispositional mindfulness, self-compassion, nonattachment, and peace of mind. The results of correlation analyses revealed significant and positive associations among mindfulness, self-compassion, nonattachment, and peace of mind. Furthermore, nonattachment significantly mediated the associations between mindfulness and self-compassion with peace of mind. Moderated mediation analyses indicated that the relationships between mindfulness and self-compassion with nonattachment were stronger for women than for men. Gender did not moderate the direct effects of mindfulness and self-compassion on peace of mind, the relationship between nonattachment and peace of mind, and the mediating effects of mindfulness and self-compassion on peace of mind through nonattachment. These findings suggest that nonattachment may be a potential mechanism through which mindfulness and self-compassion promote peace of mind among Chinese adults. If the mediating effects are confirmed in future longitudinal and experimental studies, mindfulness and self-compassion interventions can emphasize nonattachment to optimize their effects on peace of mind. It may also be important to tailor mindfulness and self-compassion training for men and women given the gender differences in the relationships between mindfulness and self-compassion with nonattachment.
The Increasing Burden of Cancer Among Women and in Rural Areas: A Retrospective Population-Based Study
Authors: Dai Dan , Xu Lingfeng , Fang Shuowen , Zha Zhenqiu , Wang Huadong , Liu Zhirong , Lu Manman
Published: September 2023

The retrospective study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics and trends of cancer in Anhui Province, China between 2010 and 2018. Cancer registry data were analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model to calculate trends in cancer incidence and mortality. Age-standardized incidence rate, calculated based on the world Segi’s population (ASIRW) was higher in males (239.34 per 100 000) than in females (157.13 per 100 000), and higher in rural areas (203.98 per 100 000) compared to urban areas (189.93 per 100 000). The ASIRW for males decreased with an AAPC of −3.0%, while that of females showed an upward trend with an AAPC of 2.1%. At the same time, the ASIRW in urban areas decreased with an AAPC of −2.4%, whereas it remained relatively stable in rural areas. Among males, lung cancer was the most prevalent type of cancer, while breast cancer was the most frequent cancer among women. The age-standardized mortality rate according to the world Segi’s population (ASMRW) was 115.32 per 100 000. The ASMRW was higher in males (156.70 per 100 000) than in females (75.51 per 100 000), and higher in rural areas (122.18 per 100 000) than urban areas (109.21 per 100 000). Lung cancer accounted for the majority of cancer-associated mortalities in the province. Attention needs to be focused on women and rural areas due to rapidly increasing incidence and mortality rates for cancer. Furthermore, an effective public health response is imperative, encompassing early screening, diagnosis, and treatment of prevalent cancers in high-risk populations and regions. It’s crucial to promote healthy lifestyles among the public through health education.
Comparing perioperative outcomes following off-pump multi-vessel minimally invasive via a single left intercostal space incision with median sternotomy coronary artery bypass grafting: A single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Guohui , Zhang Hongjia , Chi Liqun , You Bin , Bo Ping , Sun Guanglong
Published: September 2023

Background

The perioperative outcomes following off-pump multi-vessel minimally invasive surgery (MICS) coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) via a single left intercostal space incision has not been well evaluated.

Method

From July 2019 to January 2022, a total of 444 patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled and divided into MICS ( n = 179) and sternotomy CABG ( n = 265). Perioperative outcomes were compared between these two groups, including intraoperative blood loss, postoperative first 24 h drainage, ventilation duration, length of stay (LOS) in ICU and total LOS in hospital. Intraoperative blood flow of graft vessels were measured by transit-time flow measurement after vascular anastomosis and mean flow (MF) and pulsatile index (PI) were compared.

Results

There were no significant differences in preoperative profiles between these two groups except younger and lower proportion of female in MICS. No significant difference in the number of graft vessels was observed between MICS (3.18 ± 0.74) and sternotomy CABG (3.28 ± 0.86). Compared to sternotomy CABG, patients with MICS showed longer operation duration [(4.33 ± 0.86) h versus (5.10 ± 1.09) h], fewer intraoperative blood loss [700 (600, 900) mL versus 500 (200, 700) mL], fewer postoperative first 24 h drainage [400 (250, 500) mL versus 300 (200, 400) mL], shorter postoperative ventilation duration [16.5 (12.5, 19.0) h versus 15.0 (12.0, 17.0) h], LOS in ICU [20.0 (16.0, 23.0) h versus 18.0 (15.0, 20.0) h] and total LOS in hospital [(14.5 ± 3.9) d versus (12.6 ± 2.7) d] (all p < .001). MI and PI of graft vessels were similar and no significant differences in major perioperative complications and mortality were observed between MICS and sternotomy CABG (all p > .05).

Conclusion

Off-pump multi-vessel MICS may be an alternative treatment for patients with multi-vessel CAD with better perioperative outcomes than sternotomy CABG.
Recycled Ti6Al4V alloy powder reinforced polyurethane core based sandwich structures: Mechanical and modal properties
Authors: Aydın Onur Ahmet , Acar Volkan , Aydın Muhammet Raci , Hülagü Burak , Khan Tayyab , Ünal Hasan Yavuz , Teke Erdoğan , Seydibeyoğlu Mehmet Özgür , Akbulut Hamit
Published: September 2023

In this study, recycled Ti6Al4V alloy powder was utilized as a reinforcement to enhance the mechanical and modal properties of polyurethane foam (PUF) core-based sandwich composites. Sandwich composite having carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite face sheets and Ti6Al4V powder-reinforced PUF cores were manufactured. The PUF cores were reinforced with two different variants of Ti6Al4V powder based on particle sizes from 1 to 3 wt.%. The dispersion quality was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A detailed experimental modal analysis was conducted to evaluate the modal properties in terms of the natural frequencies and damping ratios of the sandwich specimens. A comprehensive mechanical study was also conducted in terms of compression, buckling, flexural, and impact tests according to the relative ASTM standards. The experimental results demonstrated that the Ti6Al4V reinforced sandwich specimens exhibited superior mechanical and modal properties with enhanced PUF cores. Improvements in excess of 21%, 37%, and 24% were recorded in the compression, buckling, and flexural response of the reinforced specimens, respectively, compared to those of their neat counterparts. Similarly, remarkable improvements were also observed in the experimental modal and impact properties of the Ti6Al4V alloy powder-reinforced sandwich composites.
Efficacy of parallel microchannel configurations towards hot-spot thermal management of 8-core microprocessors
Authors: Shanmugam Mathiyazhagan , Dhar Purbarun , Maganti Lakshmi Sirisha
Published: September 2023

The electronic industry’s shift towards multicore processor technology which leads to an increase the power densities of the chip. In multicore processors the hotpot location arises depending on the computational load which leads to the generating the non-uniform heat flux. The uneven cooling of a multicore processor will affect the reliability and life span of the chip. In this study, employed parallel microchannel cooling systems (PMCHS) with different flow configurations by numerical simulations. The objective of the present work is to investigate the thermos-hydrodynamic characteristics of a PMCHS under a non-uniform heat load, the heat load is considered from an actively running 8-core processor. Here, considered that three types different flow configurations (U, I and Z) to determine the flow maldistribution, in additions the thermal performance of each flow configuration was analysed at non-uniform heat conditions. The size and shape of the PMCHS is equal to the octa-core processor which has been mimicked, and real-time heat load data of the processor has been retrieved. The present study exhibits that non-uniform thermal load creates additional non-uniform temperature distribution along with flow maldistribution in the PMCHS. Each flow configuration has a different flow maldistribution pattern, whereas the sometimes intended flow maldistribution helps to give better uniform cooling on the chip.
An analytical closed-form solution for free vibration and stability analysis of curved sandwich panels made of porous metal-foam core and nanocomposite reinforced face-sheets
Authors: Badarloo Baitollah , Salehipour Hamzeh
Published: September 2023

This paper aims to obtain an analytical solution for free vibration and stability analysis of shallow curved sandwich panels made of a porous metal-foam core and nanocomposites reinforced sheets resting on a Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation. In this regard, two nanocomposites, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are considered for reinforcing the face-sheets. The governing equations are developed by considering the transversal shear strains based on the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The obtained system of differential equations representing the dynamic equilibrium and compatibility of the proposed curved sandwich panels are solved analytically, using the principal of Galerkin method. In order to examine the results of developed formulation, some benchmark examples are adopted from the existing literature and the obtained results corresponding to the considered examples are compared with those are presented in the references. Using the achieved numerical results in the framework of a comprehensive parametric study, the effects of various material and geometrical factors and also various boundary conditions on the natural frequencies and buckling loads of the proposed sandwich panels are assessed. By performing the extensive parametric study it was observed that several results corresponding to the free vibration and stability of the proposed sandwich panels can be achieved by the present method without spending much time for computations. On the contrary, in order to achieve the similar results using the numerical methods, a time-consuming process is required which can justify the novelty of the present work.
Discrete-time event-triggered state estimation of permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Huong Dinh Cong , Phuc Dang Tien
Published: September 2023

This article considers the design of a discrete-time event-triggered state observer and its application for state vector estimation of permanent magnet synchronous motor. A novel discrete-time event-triggered mechanism is first proposed, and then a new event-triggered state observer is designed to estimate the state vectors of a nonlinear system subject to unknown disturbances. Unlike traditional state estimation methods, the one in this article utilizes information on the output, which only updates when an event-triggered condition holds. By employing the Lyapunov–Krasovskii approach and well-known inequalities, we derive a sufficient condition in terms of a convex optimization problem to guarantee the existence of the event-triggered state observer. Finally, the theoretical analysis of the proposed method is applied to estimate the state vector of the permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Media framings of the role of genomics in “addiction” in the United States from 2015 to 2019: Individualized risk, biomedical expertise, and the limits of destigmatization
Authors: Hendy Katherine
Published: September 2023

News coverage of the opioid epidemic is a useful site for examining genomic framings of addiction. Qualitative analysis of 139 articles published in the United States from 2015 to 2019 discussing genomics, addiction, and the opioid epidemic found an emphasis on both a postgenomic framing in which genetics operates in relation to social and environmental factors, and a molecularized understanding of addiction which highlighted the role of neurobiology and individual-level genetic risk. Discussions of genetics were often intertwined with calls for a biomedicalized approach that frames addiction as a chronic disease in need of medication, and thus under the purview of medical experts. Finally, while genomic discourses were invoked to reduce stigma, genomics was at times used to describe addicts as biologically distinct from other people, reflecting the possibility that genetics—even in the postgenomic context—can be used to promote a biologically essentialized understanding of people with addiction.
Graph Theoretical Measures for Alzheimer’s, MCI, and Normal Controls: A Comparative Study Using MRI Data
Authors: Sharma Rakhi , Joshi Shiv Dutt
Published: September 2023

Background

The Graph theory provides the platform that could be used to model complex brain networks mathematically, and it could play a significant role in the diagnosis of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s.

Purpose

The main aim of our study is to perform a comparative analysis in terms of various graph theoretic measures of structural brain networks. In particular, the paper evaluates graph theoretical measures by first forming graphs using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.

Method

In this paper, we study and evaluate graph theoretical measures using MRI data, namely characteristic path length, global efficiency, strength, and clustering coefficient, in a cohort of normal controls ( N = 30), a cohort of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) ( N = 30), and a cohort of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) ( N = 30). In our work, MRI data is preprocessed and cortical thickness is extracted for each brain region. The connectivity matrix is obtained, and thus a graph is formed. We have also performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the ROC analyses of all graph theoretical measures to better elucidate and validate the results.

Results

It is observed that these measures may be used to differentiate Alzheimer’s from normal. In our study, we observed that a very random and disrupted network is obtained in the case of Alzheimer’s in comparison with the normal and MCI cases. The other observations in terms of graph theoretic measures are an increase in characteristic path length, a decrease in global efficiency, a decrease in strength, and a reduction in values of the clustering coefficient in the case of Alzheimer’s.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that graph theoretical measures and alterations in network topology could be used as quantitative biomarkers of AD.
Experimental analysis of nonlinear piezo-electromagnetic composite human energy harvester
Authors: Zhao Qingling , Liu Shiyu , Zhang Huaqiang , Yang Chongqiu , Shen Hui , Song Rujun
Published: September 2023

To better harvest the kinetic energy of the human and broaden the energy harvest frequency band, a nonlinear piezo-electromagnetic composite human energy harvester (NPE-HEH) is proposed. A magnetic repulsion force between the two groups of magnets makes the energy harvester nonlinear. The excitation experiment and the actual experiment of the human are carried out for the harvester. The excitation experiment results show that there is an optimal resistance value of the harvester to maximize the output power value. When the excitation acceleration is 0.4 g and the excitation frequency is 9 Hz, the output voltage value and the output power of the electromagnetic part of the energy harvester are 0.86 V and 2.47 mW respectively, and the output performance is excellent. When the energy harvester is installed in a backpack with a moving speed of 9 km/h, it can generate 0.7 mW of power. When the energy harvester is placed on the leg, the output performance is good and the output power can reach 1.3 mW. The energy harvester can efficiently harvest energy at low frequencies. This harvester is efficient at low frequencies, compact in size, and easy to carry, making it highly suitable for human vibration energy harvesting applications.
Prevalence and Predictors of Peroneal Tendon Instability Accompanying Calcaneal Fractures
Authors: Vosoughi Amir Reza , Afaridi Ehsan , Solooki Saeed , Shayan Zahra , Rammelt Stefan
Published: September 2023

Background:

We aimed to find the prevalence of peroneal tendon instability (PTI) accompanying different types of calcaneal fractures and to determine predictors of PTI based on preoperative CT scanning.

Methods:

In a retrospective cross-sectional study, preoperative CT scans of 400 consecutive calcaneal fractures undergoing surgery were reviewed for comminuted fragments in the lateral gutter of the ankle, fractures at the tip of the lateral malleolus, dislocated peroneal tendons, excessive displacement of the lateral calcaneal wall, calcaneal fracture-dislocation, superior peroneal retinaculum (SPR) avulsion fracture (fleck sign), and shape of the retromalleolar groove. The correlation of these variables with intraoperative SPR stress test, defined as the diagnostic criteria for PTI in calcaneal fractures, was evaluated.

Results:

In total, 369 patients (mean age, 39 ± 13; range, 11-72 years), with 321 (87.0%) of them male, were included. Among all calcaneal fractures, 67 cases (16.7%) had associated PTI as confirmed intraoperatively by an SPR stress test. A statistically significant association was found between PTI in calcaneal fractures and comminuted fragments in the lateral gutter of the ankle ( P = .03), dislocated peroneal tendons ( P < .001), calcaneal fracture-dislocation ( P < .001), SPR avulsion fracture ( P < .001), and Sanders type IV of calcaneal fracture ( P = .02). There was no statistically significant relationship between PTI and the mechanism of injury ( P = .98), side of fracture ( P = .30), uni- or bilateral calcaneal fractures ( P = .27), a fracture at the tip of lateral malleolus ( P = .69), shape of the retromalleolar groove ( P = .78), or excessive displacement of the lateral calcaneal wall ( P = .06). The most specific CT finding to predict PTI accompanying calcaneal fractures was calcaneal fracture-dislocation (99.1%).

Conclusion:

Following calcaneal fracture fixation, PTI was confirmed with intraoperative SPR stress test in one-sixth of cases. With the exception of calcaneal fracture-dislocation, preoperative findings on CT scanning and calcaneal fracture pathoanatomy are insufficient to diagnose PTI accompanying calcaneal fractures.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective case control study.
Effects of Teacher Training and Continued Support on the Delivery of an Evidence-Based HIV Prevention Program: Findings From a National Implementation Study in the Bahamas
Authors: Wang Bo , Deveaux Lynette , Guo Yan , Schieber Elizabeth , Adderley Richard , Lemon Stephenie , Allison Jeroan , Li Xiaoming , Forbes Nikkiah , Naar Sylvie
Published: September 2023

Background

Few studies have investigated the effects of teacher training and continued support on teachers’ delivery of evidence-based HIV prevention programs. We examined these factors in a national implementation study of an evidence-based HIV risk reduction intervention for adolescents in the sixth grade in the Bahamas.

Methods

Data were collected from 126 grade 6 teachers and 3,118 students in 58 government elementary schools in the Bahamas in 2019–2021. This is a Hybrid Type III implementation study guided by the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) model. Teachers attended 2-day training workshops. Trained school coordinators and peer mentors provided biweekly monitoring and mentorship. We used mixed-effects models to assess the effects of teacher training and continued support on implementation fidelity.

Results

Teachers who received training in-person or both in-person and online taught the most core activities (27.0 and 27.2 of 35), versus only online training (21.9) and no training (14.9) ( F = 15.27, p < .001). Teachers with an “excellent” or “very good” school coordinator taught more core activities than those with a “satisfactory” coordinator or no coordinator (29.2 vs. 27.8 vs. 19.3 vs. 14.8, F = 29.20, p < .001). Teachers with a “very good” mentor taught more core activities and sessions than those with a “satisfactory” mentor or no mentor (30.4 vs. 25.0 vs. 23.1; F = 7.20; p < .01). Teacher training, implementation monitoring, peer mentoring, teachers’ self-efficacy, and school-level support were associated with implementation fidelity, which in turn was associated with improved student outcomes (HIV/AIDS knowledge, preventive reproductive health skills, self-efficacy, and intention to use protection).

Conclusion

Teachers receiving in-person training and those having higher-rated school coordinator and mentor support taught a larger number of HIV prevention core activities. Effective teacher training, implementation monitoring, and peer mentoring are critical for improving implementation fidelity and student outcomes.
Improved compressive performance of lattice truss core sandwich composites with modified Kagome topologies: An experimental and numerical study
Authors: Dastan Tohid , Jafari Nedoushan Reza , Sheikhzadeh Mohammad , Yu Woong-Ryeol
Published: September 2023

A finite element model (FEM) using a more realistic three-dimensional geometry of lattice truss core was proposed to simulate the flatwise compression test on lattice truss core sandwich composites (LTCSCs). The goal was to reduce the disparity between experimental results and FEM predictions without inclusion of imperfection, as oppose to similar studies. Besides, two modified Kagome topologies were suggested and fabricated by adding vertical composite struts at specific locations. Based on the experimental results, the modified Kagome topologies exhibited superior specific compressive stiffness and strength over the Kagome topology, by about 100%. In addition, facesheet rotation of Kagome topology was found by the FEM, which considerably affect its compressive performance. Facesheet rotation is caused by the arrangement of composite struts of LTCSC. Compressive response of LTCSC was acceptably predicted by the FEM, though there was quite high error for compressive stiffness and strength. Probable sources of discrepancy between experimental and FEM results were discussed.
More real, or just more surveillance? Panopticism and shifting authenticity paradigms in BeReal
Authors: Maddox Jessica
Published: September 2023

BeReal has become a popular app among younger social media users, with a premise that privileges a brief, random, and unvarnished look into one’s life once a day. Hailed as the ‘anti-Instagram’ or ‘anti-TikTok’, the app eschews filters, performance, influencers, and sponsored content in favor of authenticity. While curated authenticity has long been a hallmark of internet culture, BeReal seems to employ authenticity not as a performance strategy but as a value, tapping into criticisms of the inauthentic. Through the walkthrough method of social media app analysis, I employ ethnographic research tenets to analyze how BeReal forwards a different type of authenticity to its users from its discourse, design, interface, and features. The findings are two-fold: First, BeReal privileges authenticity-as-realness instead of authenticity-as-performance, using spontaneity and timed posting windows to severely limit the time one can craft a post. Second, BeReal acts as a panopticon, because the omnipresent possibility of posting means users are always already aware of the potential. Authenticity-as-realness is not uncomplicated; it relies much more heavily on neoliberal self-monitoring and panopticism to be ready for anything, as opposed to a finely tuned and intricately crafted performance with lighting, makeup, and editing. This indicates considerations of authenticity are changing on social media platforms, putting performance at odds with panopticism.
Tracking global English changes through local data: Intensifiers in German Learner English
Authors: Davydova Julia
Published: September 2023

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions:

The empirical goal of the paper is to document the linguistic distribution and patterning as well as the sociolinguistic conditioning of intensifiers in English spoken by educated young adults from Germany. Here, I also seek to understand how the empirical data presented here informs our understanding of the mechanisms underlying language change in those forms of English that emerge through the combined impact of naturalistic L2 acquisition and instructed foreign language learning (henceforth, EFL or Learner English).

Design/methodology/approach:

The study reports intensification data from 53 advanced learners of English from Germany and compares it with that reported for L1 English vernaculars. The data were elicited with the help of sociolinguistic interviews tapping into learners’ natural linguistic behaviour. The processes of language change are explored against the backdrop of grammaticalisation theory, as espoused by variationist sociolinguists.

Data and analysis:

The study employs two methods of analysis: distributional percentages and fixed-effects logistic regression analyses. These allow pinpoint rates and patterns of intensification as well as its language-internal and language-external conditioning.

Findings/conclusions:

Systematic comparisons of language-internal conditioning underlying the occurrence of linguistic variants pinpoint ‘functional specialisation’ (also ‘entrenchment’) as a driving mechanism of and a potent constraint on language change.

Originality:

While demonstrating how functional specialisation is operative in the system of German Learner English intensification, the present study highlights the relevance of EFL data to empirical testing and advancement of (socio-)linguistic theory. The study also highlights the relevance of learners’ linguistic identity and the sociopsychological construct of ‘relatedness’ in the adoption of the globally available features of the English language.

Significance/implications:

The study pleads for more research at the intersection of historical/general linguistics and SLA as such an approach adds to knowledge about language acquisition, language variation and, ultimately, language change.
Influence of Instagram fan pages on intention to revisit and recommend in beach tourism settings: The mediating effect of positive attitude
Authors: Ibrahim Blend
Published: September 2023

The literature on social media marketing (SMM) elucidates how SMM can improve consumer behavior within the tourism industry. However, the lack of empirical examination of the mediating role of behavior attitude is still evident in leisure literature. This study investigated the relative impact of fan page following of beaches on the intention to recommend and revisit by considering the mediation role of positive attitude in these relationships. A convenience sample method was employed to collect data from young customers (18–24 years old). The data was collected from 363 respondents, and structural equation modeling was conducted to test the conceptual model hypotheses. The results reveal that fan page following positively predict positive attitudes and intention to recommend and revisit. Moreover, the results also confirm that a positive attitude mediates the relationships between Instagram fan page following and the intention to recommend and revisit. This research developed a theoretical model to understand how Instagram fan page following might enhance intention to recommend and revisit in the beach context by invoking positive attitudes as a mediator variable in the relationship fan page following and behavior intention.
Creating space for dialogue: Exploring what matters for children on St Helena Island through The World Café
Authors: Phippard Samantha , Ball Kerry , Paulson Nicole
Published: September 2023

The World Café (TWC) method is now established as a participatory tool used in community development and qualitative research. However, there is a limited critique of TWC as a social work research method, especially with children. This paper discusses TWC as a method for understanding what matters for children on the British Overseas Territory of St Helena Island. As a social worker, the importance of supporting children’s engagement and voice is well known in participation, necessitating careful ethical consideration. Within this project facilitating authentic conversations with children on a remote island required examining assumptions alongside engaging with colonial legacies to bring forward respectful participation. TWC shares several fractures of other participatory approaches evolving from critical pedagogy, which appeared aligned with social work values and ethics. Facilitated shared learning and allowed children to discuss issues that mattered to them, although handing over dialogue to children required commitment to trust and sharing control with young people. Café events revealed the complex positioning of social roles situating lived experiences, whereby children developed their learning of what mattered to them through interactions and a growing understanding of their global position. The method edged dialogue towards transformative conversations, acknowledging the oppression of marginalised peoples, requires reflection and action from children and young people themselves to elevate their positions from within their own knowledge. This supports the potential for further research to understand if creative methods can create more spaces for dialogue, allowing the emergence of more authentic children’s engagement in research which is more socially just.
Olea europaea L. Leaf Extract Alleviates Fibrosis Progression and Oxidative Stress Induced by Bleomycin on a Murine Model of Lung Fibrosis
Authors: Bahri Sana , Abidi Anouar , Nahdi Afef , Abdennabi Raed , Mlika Mona , Ben Ali Ridha , Jameleddine Saloua
Published: September 2023

In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of industrial Olea europaea L. leaf extract (OLE) against bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in rats. Male Wistar rats were treated with a single intratracheal injection of BLM (4 mg/kg) and a daily intraperitoneal injection of OLE (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Results of HPLC and LC-MS analysis revealed a large amount of oleuropein (15.43%/DW) in OLE. BLM induced apparent damage of lung architecture with condensed collagen bundles, increased lipid peroxidation which has been deduced from malondialdehyde (MDA) levels: (.9 ± .13 vs .25 ± .12 nmol/mg protein) and hydroxyproline content (.601 ± .22 vs .154 ± .139 mg/g of lung tissue) and decreased catalase (CAT) (5.93.10−5 ± 4.23.10−5 vs 6.41.10−4 ± 2.33.10−4 μmol/min/mg protein) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (28.73 ± 3.34 vs 50.13 ± 2.1 USOD/min/mg protein) levels compared to the control. OLE treatment (40 mg/kg) stabilized MDA content (.32 ± .15 and .27 ± .13 vs .9 ± .13 nmol/mg protein), normalized SOD (61.27 ± 13.37 vs 28.73 ± 3.34 USOD/min/mg protein), and CAT (5.2.10−4 ±1.8.10−4 vs 5.93.10−5 ± 4.23.10−5 μmol/min/mg protein) activities and counteracted collagen accumulation and hydroxyproline content (.222 ± .07 vs .601 ± .22 mg/g of lung tissue) in the lung parenchyma. Finally, OLE might have a potent protective effect against PF by regulating oxidative parameters and attenuating collagen deposition, due to the existence of large amount of bioactive phenolic molecules.
Database of Expressionist, Impressionist, and Post-Impressionist paintings: Affective norms for 60 art pieces
Authors: Imbir Kamil K. , Wielgopolan Adrianna , Stępniewska Julia , Benda Katarzyna
Published: September 2023

Modern painters’ art is not only different from canvas created earlier, but also shows high internal variability. Being aware of the conditions arising from art history, we used paintings from three art movements—Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, and Expressionism, to see if we are able to respond to claims made by art theorists by using methods specific to social sciences, and validate the paintings as stimuli which might evoke different emotional reaction based on the movement they were created in. We wanted to conduct an exploratory analysis comparing the mean assessment of valence, arousal, and dominance among the three art movements. A total of 60 different paintings were selected (20 for each art movement) showing figurative works and visible human figures. They were assessed on five different affective scales: valence, arousal, dominance, origin, and subjective significance with use of Self-Assessment Manikins. The results showed expected differences in affective reactions to Expressionist paintings compared with those of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist ones. Therefore, we provided the very first dataset of emotional stimuli with validated affective norms, categorised by the art movement that they were created in and ready to be used in future experimental studies.
Patience Predicts Attitudes Toward Vaccination and Uptake of Vaccines
Authors: Chan Ho Fai , Rizio Stephanie M. , Skali Ahmed , Torgler Benno
Published: September 2023

Vaccination is a pressing public health issue. We hypothesize that impatience (discounting future benefits of current actions) leads to lower vaccination rates and worse attitudes toward vaccines. In preregistered individual-level Study 1 ( N = 2,614), we document a positive and quantitatively small association (standardized coefficient = 0.06) between patience and attitudes toward vaccines. In Study 2 ( N = 76), national-level patience accounts for 21% of the global variation in COVID-19 vaccinations; patience’s effect is small-to-moderate (standardized coefficient = 0.19). In duration models (Study 3; 4,180 ≤ N≤ 9,973), more patient countries more quickly reach high COVID-19 vaccination thresholds. The results generalize beyond COVID-19: Patience among European subnational regions predicts better attitudes toward vaccination against the 2009 swine influenza (Study 4: Nregions = 138; Ncountries = 17). Finally (Study 5, N = 75), our results are not specific to pandemics: National patience explains the global variation in infant vaccinations.