bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Pendant Group-Functionalized Diblock Copolymers with Adjustable Thermogelling Behavior
Authors: Lee Bo Keun , Park Ji Hoon , Park Seung Hun , Kim Jae Ho , Oh Se Heang , Lee Sang Jin , Lee Bun Yeoul , Kim Moon Suk
Published: June 2017

Recently, several thermogelling materials have been developed for biomedical applications. In this study, we prepared methoxy polyethylene glycol (MPEG)-b-(poly(ε-caprolactone)-ran-poly(2-chloride-ε-caprolactone) (PCL-ran-PfCL)) (MP-Cl) diblock copolymers at room temperature via the ring-opening polymerization of caprolactone (CL) and 2-chloride-ε-caprolactone (fCL) monomers, using the terminal alcohol of MPEG as the initiator in the presence of HCl. MPEG-b-(poly(ε-caprolactone)-ran-poly(2-azide-ε-caprolactone) (PCL-ran-PCL-N3)) (MP-N3) was prepared by the reaction of MP-Cl with sodium azide. MPEG-b-(poly(ε-caprolactone)-ran-poly(2-amine-ε-caprolactone) (PCL-ran-PCL-NH2)) (MP-NH2) was subsequently prepared by Staudinger reaction. MP-Cl and MP-N3 showed negative zeta potentials, but MP-NH2 had a positive zeta potential. MP-Cl, MP-N3, and MP-NH2 solutions formed opaque emulsions at room temperature. The solutions exhibited a solution-to-hydrogel phase transition as a function of the temperature and were affected by variation of the chloride, azide, and the amine pendant group, as well as the amount of pendant groups present in their structure. Additionally, the phase transition of MP-Cl, MP-N3, and MP-NH2 copolymers was altered by pendant groups. The solution-to-hydrogel phase transition was adjusted by tailoring the crystallinity and hydrophobicity of the copolymers in aqueous solutions. Collectively, MP-Cl, MP-N3, and MP-NH2 with various pendant-group contents in the PCL segment showed a solution-to-hydrogel phase transition that depended on both the type of pendant groups and their content.
One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network Land-Cover Classification of Multi-Seasonal Hyperspectral Imagery in the San Francisco Bay Area, California
Authors: Guidici Daniel , Clark Matthew
Published: June 2017

In this study, a 1-D Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture was developed, trained and utilized to classify single (summer) and three seasons (spring, summer, fall) of hyperspectral imagery over the San Francisco Bay Area, California for the year 2015. For comparison, the Random Forests (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers were trained and tested with the same data. In order to support space-based hyperspectral applications, all analyses were performed with simulated Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) imagery. Three-season data improved classifier overall accuracy by 2.0% (SVM), 1.9% (CNN) to 3.5% (RF) over single-season data. The three-season CNN provided an overall classification accuracy of 89.9%, which was comparable to overall accuracy of 89.5% for SVM. Both three-season CNN and SVM outperformed RF by over 7% overall accuracy. Analysis and visualization of the inner products for the CNN provided insight to distinctive features within the spectral-temporal domain. A method for CNN kernel tuning was presented to assess the importance of learned features. We concluded that CNN is a promising candidate for hyperspectral remote sensing applications because of the high classification accuracy and interpretability of its inner products.
Automatic Evaluation of Photovoltaic Power Stations from High-Density RGB-T 3D Point Clouds
Authors: López-Fernández Luis , Lagüela Susana , Fernández Jesús , González-Aguilera Diego
Published: June 2017

A low-cost unmanned aerial platform (UAV) equipped with RGB (Red, Green, Blue) and thermographic sensors is used for the acquisition of all the data needed for the automatic detection and evaluation of thermal pathologies on photovoltaic (PV) surfaces and geometric defects in the mounting on photovoltaic power stations. RGB imagery is used for the generation of a georeferenced 3D point cloud through digital image preprocessing, photogrammetric and computer vision algorithms. The point cloud is complemented with temperature values measured by the thermographic sensor and with intensity values derived from the RGB data in order to obtain a multidimensional product (5D: 3D geometry plus temperature and intensity on the visible spectrum). A segmentation workflow based on the proper integration of several state-of-the-art geomatic and mathematic techniques is applied to the 5D product for the detection and sizing of thermal pathologies and geometric defects in the mounting in the PV panels. It consists of a three-step segmentation procedure, involving first the geometric information, then the radiometric (RGB) information, and last the thermal data. No configuration of parameters is required. Thus, the methodology presented contributes to the automation of the inspection of PV farms, through the maximization of the exploitation of the data acquired in the different spectra (visible and thermal infrared bands). Results of the proposed workflow were compared with a ground truth generated according to currently established protocols and complemented with a topographic survey. The proposed methodology was able to detect all pathologies established by the ground truth without adding any false positives. Discrepancies in the measurement of damaged surfaces regarding established ground truth, which can reach the 5% of total panel surface for the visual inspection by an expert operator, decrease with the proposed methodology under the 2%. The geometric evaluation of the facilities presents discrepancies regarding the ground truth lower than one degree for angular parameters (azimuth and tilt) and lower than 0.05 m2 for the area of each solar panel.
Exploring the Potential of Spectral Classification in Estimation of Soil Contaminant Elements
Authors: Sun Weichao , Zhang Xia , Zou Bin , Wu Taixia
Published: June 2017

Soil contamination by arsenic and heavy metals is an increasingly severe environmental problem. Efficiently investigation of soil contamination is the premise of soil protection and further the foundation of food security. Visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (VNIRS) has been widely used in soil science, due to its rapidity and convenience. With different spectrally active soil characteristics, soil reflectance spectra exhibit distinctive curve forms, which may limit the application of VNIRS in estimating contaminant elements in soil. Consequently, spectral clustering was applied to explore the potential of classification in estimating soil contaminant elements. Spectral clustering based on different distance measure methods and elements with different contamination levels were exploited. In this study, soil samples were collected from Hunan Province, China and 74 reflectance spectra of air-dried soil samples over 350–2500 nm were used to predict nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) concentrations. Spectral clustering was achieved by K-means clustering based on squared Euclidean distance and Cosine of spectral angle, respectively. The prediction model was calibrated with the combination of Genetic algorithm and partial least squares regression (GA-PLSR). The prediction accuracy shows that the prediction of Ni and Zn concentrations in soil was improved to different extents by the two clustering methods and the clustering based on squared Euclidean distance had better performance over the clustering relied on Cosine of the spectral angle. The result reveals the potential of spectral classification in predicting soil Ni and Zn concentrations. A selected subset of the 74 soil spectra was used to further explore the potential of spectral classification in estimating Zn concentrations. The prediction was dramatically improved by clustering based on squared Euclidean distance. Additionally, analysis on distance measure methods indicates that Euclidean distance is more suitable to describe the difference between the collected soil reflectance spectra, which brought the better performance of the clustering based on squared Euclidean distance.
Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Columbia Glacier, Alaska (2011–2016): Ice Velocity, Mass Flux, Surface Elevation and Front Position
Authors: Vijay Saurabh , Braun Matthias
Published: June 2017

Alaskan glaciers are among the largest contributors to sea-level rise outside the polar ice sheets. The contributions include dynamic discharge from marine-terminating glaciers which depends on the seasonally variable ice velocity. Columbia Glacier is a large marine-terminating glacier located in Southcentral Alaska that has been exhibiting pronounced retreat since the early 1980s. Since 2010, the glacier has split into two branches, the main branch and the west branch. We derived a 5-year record of surface velocity, mass flux (ice discharge), surface elevation and changes in front position using a dense time series of TanDEM-X synthetic aperture radar data (2011–2016). We observed distinct seasonal velocity patterns at both branches. At the main branch, the surface velocity peaked during late winter to midsummer but reached a minimum between late summer and fall. Its near-front velocity reached up to 14 m day−1 in May 2015 and was at its lowest speed of ~1 m day−1 in October 2012. Mass flux via the main branch was strongly controlled by the seasonal and interannual fluctuations of its velocity. The west branch also exhibited seasonal velocity variations with comparably lower magnitudes. The role of subglacial hydrology on the ice velocities of Columbia Glacier is already known from the published field measurements during summers of 1987. Our observed variability in its ice velocities on a seasonal basis also suggest that they are primarily controlled by the seasonal transition of the subglacial drainage system from an inefficient to an efficient and channelized drainage networks. However, abrupt velocity increase events for short periods (2014–2015 and 2015–2016 at the main branch, and 2013–2014 at the west branch) appear to be associated with strong near-front thinning and frontal retreat. This needs further investigation on the role of other potential controlling mechanisms. On the technological side, this study demonstrates the potential of high-resolution X-band SAR missions with a short revisit interval to examine glaciological variables and controlling processes.
Fabrication and Characterization of Plasmonic Nanopores with Cavities in the Solid Support
Authors: Malekian Bita , Xiong Kunli , Emilsson Gustav , Andersson Jenny , Fager Cecilia , Olsson Eva , Larsson-Langhammer Elin , Dahlin Andreas
Published: June 2017

Plasmonic nanostructures are widely used for various sensing applications by monitoring changes in refractive index through optical spectroscopy or as substrates for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. However, in most practical situations conventional surface plasmon resonance is preferred for biomolecular interaction analysis because of its high resolution in surface coverage and the simple single-material planar interface. Still, plasmonic nanostructures may find unique sensing applications, for instance when the nanoscale geometry itself is of interest. This calls for new methods to prepare nanoscale particles and cavities with controllable dimensions and curvature. In this work, we present two types of plasmonic nanopores where the solid support underneath a nanohole array has been etched, thereby creating cavities denoted as ‘nanowells’ or ‘nanocaves’ depending on the degree of anisotropy (dry or wet etch). The refractometric sensitivity is shown to be enhanced upon removing the solid support because of an increased probing volume and a shift of the asymmetric plasmonic field towards the liquid side of the finite gold film. Furthermore, the structures exhibit different spectral changes upon binding inside the cavities compared to the gold surface, which means that the structures can be used for location-specific detection. Other sensing applications are also suggested.
Fano Effect and Quantum Entanglement in Hybrid Semiconductor Quantum Dot-Metal Nanoparticle System
Authors: He Yong , Zhu Ka-Di
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we review the investigation for the light-matter interaction between surface plasmon field in metal nanoparticle (MNP) and the excitons in semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs) in hybrid SQD-MNP system under the full quantum description. The exciton-plasmon interaction gives rise to the modified decay rate and the exciton energy shift which are related to the exciton energy by using a quantum transformation method. We illustrate the responses of the hybrid SQD-MNP system to external field, and reveal Fano effect shown in the absorption spectrum. We demonstrate quantum entanglement between two SQD mediated by surface plasmon field. In the absence of a laser field, concurrence of quantum entanglement will disappear after a few ns. If the laser field is present, the steady states appear, so that quantum entanglement produced will reach a steady-state entanglement. Because one of all optical pathways to induce Fano effect refers to the generation of quantum entangled states, It is shown that the concurrence of quantum entanglement can be obtained by observation for Fano effect. In a hybrid system including two MNP and a SQD, because the two Fano quantum interference processes share a segment of all optical pathways, there is correlation between the Fano effects of the two MNP. The investigations for the light-matter interaction in hybrid SQD-MNP system can pave the way for the development of the optical processing devices and quantum information based on the exciton-plasmon interaction.
A New Privacy-Preserving Handover Authentication Scheme for Wireless Networks
Authors: Wang Changji , Yuan Yuan , Wu Jiayuan
Published: June 2017

Handover authentication is a critical issue in wireless networks, which is being used to ensure mobile nodes wander over multiple access points securely and seamlessly. A variety of handover authentication schemes for wireless networks have been proposed in the literature. Unfortunately, existing handover authentication schemes are vulnerable to a few security attacks, or incur high communication and computation costs. Recently, He et al. proposed a handover authentication scheme PairHand and claimed it can resist various attacks without rigorous security proofs. In this paper, we show that PairHand does not meet forward secrecy and strong anonymity. More seriously, it is vulnerable to key compromise attack, where an adversary can recover the private key of any mobile node. Then, we propose a new efficient and provably secure handover authentication scheme for wireless networks based on elliptic curve cryptography. Compared with existing schemes, our proposed scheme can resist key compromise attack, and achieves forward secrecy and strong anonymity. Moreover, it is more efficient in terms of computation and communication.
Measurement of Rayleigh Wave Beams Using Angle Beam Wedge Transducers as the Transmitter and Receiver with Consideration of Beam Spreading
Authors: Zhang Shuzeng , Li Xiongbing , Jeong Hyunjo
Published: June 2017

A theoretical model, along with experimental verification, is developed to describe the generation, propagation and reception of a Rayleigh wave using angle beam wedge transducers. The Rayleigh wave generation process using an angle beam wedge transducer is analyzed, and the actual Rayleigh wave sound source distributions are evaluated numerically. Based on the reciprocity theorem and considering the actual sound source, the Rayleigh wave beams are modeled using an area integral method. The leaky Rayleigh wave theory is introduced to investigate the reception of the Rayleigh wave using the angle beam wedge transducers, and the effects of the wave spreading in the wedge and transducer size are considered in the reception process. The effects of attenuations of the Rayleigh wave and leaky Rayleigh wave are discussed, and the received wave results with different sizes of receivers are compared. The experiments are conducted using two angle beam wedge transducers to measure the Rayleigh wave, and the measurement results are compared with the predictions using different theoretical models. It is shown that the proposed model which considers the wave spreading in both the sample and wedges can be used to interpret the measurements reasonably.
Current Research in Lidar Technology Used for the Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Aerosols
Authors: Comerón Adolfo , Muñoz-Porcar Constantino , Rocadenbosch Francesc , Rodríguez-Gómez Alejandro , Sicard Michaël
Published: June 2017

Lidars are active optical remote sensing instruments with unique capabilities for atmospheric sounding. A manifold of atmospheric variables can be profiled using different types of lidar: concentration of species, wind speed, temperature, etc. Among them, measurement of the properties of aerosol particles, whose influence in many atmospheric processes is important but is still poorly stated, stands as one of the main fields of application of current lidar systems. This paper presents a review on fundamentals, technology, methodologies and state-of-the art of the lidar systems used to obtain aerosol information. Retrieval of structural (aerosol layers profiling), optical (backscatter and extinction coefficients) and microphysical (size, shape and type) properties requires however different levels of instrumental complexity; this general outlook is structured following a classification that attends these criteria. Thus, elastic systems (detection only of emitted frequencies), Raman systems (detection also of Raman frequency-shifted spectral lines), high spectral resolution lidars, systems with depolarization measurement capabilities and multi-wavelength instruments are described, and the fundamentals in which the retrieval of aerosol parameters is based is in each case detailed.
Fiber Optic Thermo-Hygrometers for Soil Moisture Monitoring
Authors: Leone Marco , Principe Sofia , Consales Marco , Parente Roberto , Laudati Armando , Caliro Stefano , Cutolo Antonello , Cusano Andrea
Published: June 2017

This work deals with the fabrication, prototyping, and experimental validation of a fiber optic thermo-hygrometer-based soil moisture sensor, useful for rainfall-induced landslide prevention applications. In particular, we recently proposed a new generation of fiber Bragg grating (FBGs)-based soil moisture sensors for irrigation purposes. This device was realized by integrating, inside a customized aluminum protection package, a FBG thermo-hygrometer with a polymer micro-porous membrane. Here, we first verify the limitations, in terms of the volumetric water content (VWC) measuring range, of this first version of the soil moisture sensor for its exploitation in landslide prevention applications. Successively, we present the development, prototyping, and experimental validation of a novel, optimized version of a soil VWC sensor, still based on a FBG thermo-hygrometer, but able to reliably monitor, continuously and in real-time, VWC values up to 37% when buried in the soil.
Smartphone-Based Food Diagnostic Technologies: A Review
Authors: Rateni Giovanni , Dario Paolo , Cavallo Filippo
Published: June 2017

A new generation of mobile sensing approaches offers significant advantages over traditional platforms in terms of test speed, control, low cost, ease-of-operation, and data management, and requires minimal equipment and user involvement. The marriage of novel sensing technologies with cellphones enables the development of powerful lab-on-smartphone platforms for many important applications including medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food safety analysis. This paper reviews the recent advancements and developments in the field of smartphone-based food diagnostic technologies, with an emphasis on custom modules to enhance smartphone sensing capabilities. These devices typically comprise multiple components such as detectors, sample processors, disposable chips, batteries and software, which are integrated with a commercial smartphone. One of the most important aspects of developing these systems is the integration of these components onto a compact and lightweight platform that requires minimal power. To date, researchers have demonstrated several promising approaches employing various sensing techniques and device configurations. We aim to provide a systematic classification according to the detection strategy, providing a critical discussion of strengths and weaknesses. We have also extended the analysis to the food scanning devices that are increasingly populating the Internet of Things (IoT) market, demonstrating how this field is indeed promising, as the research outputs are quickly capitalized on new start-up companies.
Nuclear Power and Resource Efficiency—A Proposal for a Revised Primary Energy Factor
Authors: Eriksson Ola
Published: June 2017

Measuring resource efficiency can be achieved using different methods, of which primary energy demand is commonly used. The primary energy factor (PEF) is a figure describing how much energy from primary resources is being used per unit of energy delivered. The PEF for nuclear power is typically 3, which refers to thermal energy released from fission in relation to electricity generated. Fuel losses are not accounted for. However; nuclear waste represents an energy loss, as current plans for nuclear waste management mostly include final disposal. Based on a literature review and mathematical calculations of the power-to-fuel ratio for nuclear power, PEF values for the open nuclear fuel cycle (NFC) option of nuclear power and different power mixes are calculated. These calculations indicate that a more correct PEF for nuclear power would be 60 (range 32–88); for electricity in Sweden (41% nuclear power) PEF would change from 1.8 to 25.5, and the average PEF for electricity in the European Union (EU) would change from 2.5 to 18. The results illustrate the poor resource efficiency of nuclear power, which paves the way for the fourth generation of nuclear power and illustrates the policy implication of using PEFs which are inconsistent with current waste management plans.
Integrating Sustainability in Organisations: An Activity-Based Sustainability Model
Authors: Rodríguez-Olalla Ana , Avilés-Palacios Carmen
Published: June 2017

Organisations have become interested in using integral management systems to increase their sustainable value. Although global integration models address sustainability in organisations, these models present shortcomings and limitations and do not describe how to achieve the integration of sustainability. This paper proposes an Activity-Based Sustainability (ABS) integration model that complements other models from an inside-out perspective. Its assessment follows a procedure similar to that proposed by the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) model of cost accounting. The model assigns impacts from activities in the value chain of a process to the objects of impact (products, services, clients, or markets) that must be managed in terms of sustainability. The main limitations of the ABS model are the need to identify and describe processes, to locate every activity that constitutes the value chain, and to quantify the impacts of these activities. The ABS model is presented as an alternative to link sustainable management accounting and sustainable communication, as well as sustainable management control and sustainability assessment. It connects these sustainable elements through the bilateral identification of the linkages among skills, processes, and practices. It also links these aspects with the contribution to sustainable development and the development of competitive advantages.
Failure of Energy Mega-Projects in Chile: A Critical Review from Sustainability Perspectives
Authors: Agostini Claudio , Silva Carlos , Nasirov Shahriyar
Published: June 2017

A number of successive energy crises over the last decade due to the lack of a balanced investment planning in the energy sector in Chile has led to a strong dependence on external sources and also doubled energy prices in the country, thus posing a significant challenge to the local economy. With the purpose of reaching long-term goals while simultaneously addressing short-term urgencies, Chile seeks to build a consistent and integrated energy policy in order to attract investment in the sector. Despite an overall attractive investment climate and encouraging market conditions in the country, the energy sector has been adversely affected, in particular, by the communities’ opposition to mega-projects based on their expected environmental and social impacts. The study highlights recent experiences of energy generation mega-projects in terms of addressing aspects of sustainability. Based on these experiences, it discusses underdeveloped role of environmental evaluations and the main regulatory challenges ahead, recommending then public policies to effectively address these challenges.
Detection and Characterization of Histamine-Producing Strains of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae Isolated from Mullets
Authors: Trevisani Marcello , Mancusi Rocco , Cecchini Matilde , Costanza Claudia , Prearo Marino
Published: June 2017

Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (Pdd) is considered to be an emerging pathogen of marine fish and has also been implicated in cases of histamine food poisoning. In this study, eight strains isolated from mullets of the genera Mugil and Liza captured in the Ligurian Sea were characterized, and a method to detect histamine-producing Pdd from fish samples was developed. The histamine-producing potential of the strains was evaluated in culture media (TSB+) using a histamine biosensor. Subsequently, two strains were used to contaminate mackerel fillets (4 or 40 CFU/g), simulating a cross-contamination on the selling fish stalls. Sample homogenates were enriched in TSB+. The cultures were then inoculated on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar (TCBS) and the dark green colonies were cultured on Niven agar. The violet isolates were characterized using specific biochemical and PCR based tests. All Pdd strains were histamine producers, yielding concentration varying from 167 and 8977 µg/mL in TSB+ cultures incubated at 30 °C for 24 h. Pdd colonies were detected from the inoculated mackerel samples and their histidine decarboxylase gene was amplified using species-specific primer pairs designed for this study. The results indicate that mullets can be source of Pdd and the fish retailers needs to evaluate the risk posed by cross-contamination on the selling fish stalls.
Spatial Variation, Pollution Assessment and Source Identification of Major Nutrients in Surface Sediments of Nansi Lake, China
Authors: Wang Longfeng , Xia Jun , Yu Jingjie , Yang Liyuan , Zhan Chesheng , Qiao Yunfeng , Lu Hongwei
Published: June 2017

Nansi Lake has been seriously affected by intensive anthropogenic activities in recent years. In this study, an extensive survey on spatial variation, pollution assessment as well as the possible sources identification of major nutrients (Total phosphorus: TP, Total nitrogen: TN, and Total organic carbon: TOC) in the surface sediments of Nansi Lake was conducted. Results showed that the mean contents of TP, TN and TOC were 1.13-, 5.40- and 2.50- fold higher than their background values respectively. Most of the TN and TOC contents in the surface sediments of Nansi Lake were four times as high or higher and twice as high or higher than the background values except the Zhaoyang sub-lake, and the spatial distribution of TN and TOC contents were remarkably similar over a large area. Nearly all the TP contents in the surface sediments of Nansi Lake were all higher than its background values except most part of the Zhaoyang sub-lake. Based on the enrichment factor (EF) and the organic pollution evaluation index (Org-index), TP, TOC and TN showed minor enrichment (1.13), minor enrichment (2.50) and moderately severe enrichment (5.40), respectively, and most part of the Dushan sub-lake and the vicinity of the Weishan island were in moderate or heavy sediments organic pollution, while the other parts were clean. Moreover, according to the results of multivariate statistical analysis, we deduced that anthropogenic TN and TOC were mainly came from industrial sources including enterprises distributed in Jining, Yanzhou and Zoucheng along with iron and steel industries distributed in the southern of the Weishan sub-lake, whereas TP mainly originated from runoff and soil erosion coming from agricultural lands located in Heze city and Weishan island, the local aquacultural activities as well as the domestic sewage discharge of Jining city.
The Density of Mid-sized Kuiper Belt Objects from ALMA Thermal Observations
Authors: Brown Michael E. , Butler Bryan J.
Published: June 2017

The densities of mid-sized Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) are a key constraint in understanding the assembly of objects in the outer solar system. These objects are critical for understanding the currently unexplained transition from the smallest KBOs with densities lower than that of water, to the largest objects with significant rock content. Mapping this transition is made difficult by the uncertainties in the diameters of these objects, which maps into an even larger uncertainty in volume and thus density. The substantial collecting area of the Atacama Large Millimeter Array allows significantly more precise measurements of thermal emission from outer solar system objects and could potentially greatly improve the density measurements. Here we use new thermal observations of four objects with satellites to explore the improvements possible with millimeter data. We find that effects due to effective emissivity at millimeter wavelengths make it difficult to use the millimeter data directly to find diameters and thus volumes for these bodies. In addition, we find that when including the effects of model uncertainty, the true uncertainties on the sizes of outer solar system objects measured with radiometry are likely larger than those previously published. Substantial improvement in object sizes will likely require precise occultation measurements.
A Survey of Nanoflare Properties in Active Regions Observed with the Solar Dynamics Observatory
Authors: Viall Nicholeen M. , Klimchuk James A.
Published: June 2017

In this paper, we examine 15 different active regions (ARs) observed with the Solar Dynamics Observatory and analyze their nanoflare properties. We have recently developed a technique that systematically identifies and measures plasma temperature dynamics by computing time lags between light curves. The time lag method tests whether the plasma is maintained at a steady temperature, or if it is dynamic, undergoing heating and cooling cycles. An important aspect of our technique is that it analyzes both observationally distinct coronal loops as well as the much more prevalent diffuse emission between them. We find that the widespread cooling reported previously for NOAA AR 11082 is a generic property of all ARs. The results are consistent with impulsive nanoflare heating followed by slower cooling. Only occasionally, however, is there full cooling from above 7 MK to well below 1 MK. More often, the plasma cools to approximately 1–2 MK before being reheated by another nanoflare. These same 15 ARs were first studied by Warren et al. We find that the degree of cooling is not well correlated with the reported slopes of the emission measure distribution. We also conclude that the Fe xviii emitting plasma that they measured is mostly in a state of cooling. These results support the idea that nanoflares have a distribution of energies and frequencies, with the average delay between successive events on an individual flux tube being comparable to the plasma cooling timescale.
Non-potential Field Formation in the X-shaped Quadrupole Magnetic Field Configuration
Authors: Kawabata Y. , Inoue S. , Shimizu T.
Published: June 2017

Some types of solar flares are observed in X-shaped quadrupolar field configuration. To understand the magnetic energy storage in such a region, we studied non-potential field formation in an X-shaped quadrupolar field region formed in the active region NOAA 11967, which produced three X-shaped M-class flares on 2014 February 2. Nonlinear force-free field modeling was applied to a time series of vector magnetic field maps from the Solar Optical Telescope on board Hinode and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. Our analysis of the temporal three-dimensional magnetic field evolution shows that the sufficient free energy had already been stored more than 10 hr before the occurrence of the first M-class flare and that the storage was observed in a localized region. In this localized region, quasi-separatrix layers (QSLs) started to develop gradually from 9 hr before the first M-class flare. One of the flare ribbons that appeared in the first M-class flare was co-spatial with the location of the QSLs, suggesting that the formation of the QSLs is important in the process of energy release. These QSLs do not appear in the potential field calculation, indicating that they were created by the non-potential field. The formation of the QSLs was associated with the transverse photospheric motion of the pre-emerged flux and the emergence of a new flux. This observation indicates that the occurrence of the flares requires the formation of QSLs in the non-potential field in which free magnetic energy is stored in advance.
New Classical Cepheids in the Inner Part of the Northern Galactic Disk, and Their Kinematics
Authors: Tanioka Satoshi , Matsunaga Noriyuki , Fukue Kei , Inno Laura , Bono Giuseppe , Kobayashi Naoto
Published: June 2017

The characteristics of the inner Galaxy remain obscured by significant dust extinction, hence infrared surveys are useful for finding young Cepheids whose distances and ages can be accurately determined. A near-infrared photometric and spectroscopic survey was carried out and three classical Cepheids were unveiled in the inner disk, around 20° and 30° in Galactic longitude. The targets feature small Galactocentric distances, 3–5 kpc, and their velocities are important, as they may be under the environmental influence of the Galactic bar. While one of the Cepheids has a radial velocity consistent with the Galactic rotation, the other two are moving significantly slower. We also compare their kinematics with that of high-mass star-forming regions with measured parallactic distances.
Effects of the Planetary Temperature on the Circumplanetary Disk and on the Gap
Authors: Szulágyi J.
Published: June 2017

Circumplanetary disks (CPDs) regulate the late accretion to the giant planet and serve as the birthplace for satellites. Understanding their characteristics via simulations also helps to prepare for their observations. Here we study disks around 1, 3, 5, and 10 M
Jup planets with 3D global radiative hydrodynamic simulations with sub-planet peak resolution and various planetary temperatures. We found that as the 1 M
Jup planet radiates away its formation heat, the circumplanetary envelope transitions to a disk between

and 4000 K. In the case of 3–10 M
Jup planets, a disk always forms. The temperature profile of the CPDs is very steep, the inner 1/6th is higher than the silicate condensation temperature, and the entire disk is higher than the water freezing point, making satellite formation impossible in this early stage (<1 Myr). Satellites might form much later and first in the outer parts of the disk, migrating inwards later on. Our disk masses are 1, 7, and 20 

for the 1, 3, 5, and 10 M
Jup gas giants, respectively, and we provide an empirical formula to estimate the subdisk masses based on the planet- and circumstellar disk (CSD) mass. Our finding is that the cooler the planet, the lower the temperature of the subdisk, and the higher the vertical influx velocities. The planetary gap is also both deeper and wider. We also show that the gaps in 2D and 3D are different. The subdisk eccentricity increases with

and violently interacts with the CSD, making satellite-formation less likely when 

.
A suitable blood agar containing human blood especially for the use in laboratories of developing countries
Authors: Niederstebruch Nils , Sixt Doris , Benda Benard Isah , Banboye Nestor
Published: June 2017

Introduction: In developed countries, blood agar containing defibrinated sheep or horse blood is a standard tool for the isolation of bacteria from clinical samples. Several issues prevent blood agar containing animal blood from being used in many developing countries. However, the use of easily available human blood for blood agar is discouraged because of the common tenet that human blood in nutrient media results in poor bacterial isolation rates and hardly visible hemolysis or no hemolysis at all. We have developed a reconfigured and easily applicable composition for blood agar containing human blood and tested its usability with respect to hemolysis visibility and its characteristics in antibiograms with Streptococcus spp.

Methodology: Hemolysis tests were conducted with clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus mitis. In a second test series, clinical strains of Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus mitis were tested with Mueller-Hinton agars containing defibrinated wether blood as well as with Mueller-Hinton agars containing citrated human blood to compare the results of antibiotic susceptibility testing.

Results: The reconfigured blood agars containing 2.5% citrated human blood showed almost identical reactions to the standard blood agars used in the developed world.

Conclusions: For the first time, blood agars containing 2.5% citrated human blood were shown to be an acceptable alternative for the isolation of the above-mentioned bacteria as well as for use in antibiotic susceptibility testing.
La place de la Fonction Contrôle de Gestion au sein de l’organisation des Conseils Départementaux : une question controversée
Authors: Masingue Antoine , Philippart Audrey , Lorain Jérémy
Published: June 2017

Le présent papier se focalise sur un type particulier de structure territoriale, le Conseil Départemental, et vise à répondre à une question spécifique : quelle doit être la place du contrôle de gestion au sein d’un Conseil Départemental, tant d’un point de vue fonctionnel que structurel, dans un environnement en mutation ? Il s’organise en deux temps. Tout d’abord est rappelée la diversité des missions dévolues au contrôle de gestion, dans son acception actuelle, puis des éléments de littérature ayant trait à la question de la place de la fonction de contrôle de gestion au sein d’une structure organisationnelle seront exposés, et enfin, les spécificités du contrôle de gestion au sein des organisations non marchandes seront développées. Un deuxième temps sera consacré à la partie « terrain », elle-même structurée en plusieurs étapes. Tout d’abord seront présentés les résultats d’un benchmark visant à analyser le positionnement de la Fonction Contrôle de Gestion dans les départements français, puis, au travers d’une méthodologie fondée sur un processus interactif avec des acteurs de terrain, les diverses options seront analysées pour déboucher, in fine, sur la présentation de plusieurs scenarii possibles.
Nous et les autres
Authors: Froio Caterina
Published: June 2017

Alors que la politique identitaire est fondamentale pour les extrêmes droites, les études empiriques des représentations de l’Autre restent idiosyncratiques, se limitant à une seule organisation et/ou à un exogroupe ciblé. À ce titre, l’article considère 77 sites d’organisations d’extrême droite en France et combine une analyse quantitative des réseaux sociaux avec une analyse qualitative du contenu. Il montre d’abord que le réseau est organisé autour de cinq regroupements de sites qui décrivent le groupe interne sur la base de préjugés d’ordre politique/civique et/ou culturel/ethnique. Ensuite, les résultats montrent que certains groupes externes sont communs à plus de 90 % des sites qui composent le réseau (musulman/e, immigré/e, élites), alors que d’autres apparaissent moins régulièrement (homosexuel/le, juif/ve, Rom). Dépassant les approches idiosyncratiques, la comparaison et la perspective des réseaux permettent d’appréhender la manière dont les représentations du groupe interne et externe participent à la création d’identités communes entre organisations d’extrême droite, au moins sur Internet.
Les témoins du désir
Authors: Lamarche Jean-Baptiste
Published: June 2017

D’innombrables contemporains ont recouru et recourent encore à la psychanalyse pour se rendre compte de leurs actions les uns aux autres. Plusieurs chercheurs demeurent pourtant réticents à considérer cette pratique comme un phénomène social. À la suite de Sigmund Freud, ils considèrent la psychanalyse comme le fruit d’une découverte se produisant dans les marges du monde social, dans une introspection libérée des exigences critiques d’autrui. En dernière analyse, cette image d’une psychanalyse asociale de la psychanalyse repose sur une conception cartésienne de la relation à soi, qui la dépeint ce dernier comme s’il précédait toute communication avec autrui. Or, en réalité, comme J. Dewey et G. H. Mead l’ont montré, l’observation de soi, loin de précéder la communication avec autrui, découle de celle-ci. La comparaison des critiques de la théorie de l’esprit de Descartes réalisée par Freud, d’une part, et par Dewey et Mead, d’autre part, permet non seulement de mieux comprendre ce qui les distingue, mais aussi – en montrant que l’aveu muet du désir dans le soliloque psychanalytique fait partie intégrante du travail de coordination que des partenaires d’actions sociales accomplissent en nommant leurs désirs – de remplacer la conception asociale de la psychanalyse par une conception plus réaliste.
Les régions européennes face à la crise : une grille de lecture comparative
Authors: Cole Alistair , Pasquier Romain , de Visscher Christian
Published: June 2017

Partant d’une analyse de l’impact de la crise sur les modes de gouvernance territoriale en Europe (en Allemagne, Belgique, Espagne, France et au Royaume Uni) l’objectif de ce dossier est de mettre à jour les processus de convergence et de divergence qui émergent dans la fabrique contemporaine des territoires européens. Le contexte de la crise, budgétaire et des dettes souveraines, depuis 2008, a intensifié la pression sur les États pour que ceux-ci procèdent à des économies budgétaires et introduisent de nouveaux dispositifs législatifs pour s’adapter aux exigences de l’européanisation normative. Les articles dans ce dossier thématique adresse le paradoxe d’une décentralisation croissante à travers de nombreux pays européens et une recentralisation par les instruments d’action publique, un mouvement qui parait renforcé par les effets directs et indirects de la crise économique. Le dossier ouvre ainsi de nouvelles façons d’étudier la gouvernance territoriale en se concentrant sur les conséquences inattendues de décisions à plusieurs niveaux sur ce qui reste essentiellement un processus endogène de décentralisation.
Managing the Economic Crisis in Germany: Building Multi-level Governance in Budget Policy
Authors: Benz Arthur , Heinz Dominic
Published: June 2017

En 2008, l’Allemagne a réagi à la crise budgétaire par une politique budgétaire incitative. Alors que cette politique s’est traduite dans un premier temps par une hausse record du déficit public annuel, elle s’est achevée par des budgets équilibrés devenant ainsi un nouveau paradigme pour la politique budgétaire. Ce changement a apporté tout à la fois des risques et des opportunités pour chaque Länder. A court terme ils ont pu dépenser davantage de fonds venant des investissements et des mesures incitatives voulus par le gouvernement fédéral, mais sur le long terme ils ont dû faire face à l’impératif de parvenir à l’équilibre budgétaire pour 2020. En conséquence, les Länder ont géré les risques et opportunités de manière différente. D’un côté, les Länder en bonne santé économique comme la Bavière sont devenus encore plus forts après la crise. D’un autre côté, des Länder plus faibles comme le Land de Sarre se sont trouvés dans une situation nettement dégradée. Certain Länder, comme le Land de Hesse, a priori perçus comme solides économiquement, ont dû faire face à une dette publique grandissante. D’autres comme la Saxe sont parvenus à éviter cet écueil. La convergence de la politique budgétaire et l’accord sur une nouvelle politique des équilibres budgétaires a donc accru les disparités financières entre les Länder (“output divergence”). Et la coordination multiniveaux de cette politique budgétaire a contribué à cet effet. Le nouveau système de contrôle des budgets facilite en effet la convergence vers des budgets équilibrés mais les gouvernements des Länder poursuivent cet objectif dans des conditions économiques divergentes. L’augmentation de conflits redistributifs pourrait entraver la coordination multiniveaux à l’avenir.
Pour une étude de la dynamique du sens : réflexions épistémologiques sur la mémétique et l’épidémiologie des représentations
Authors: Lerique Sébastien
Published: June 2017

La mémétique a récemment connu un renouveau ambitieux grâce au programme d’épidémiologie des représentations lancé par Dan Sperber dans le courant des années quatre-vingt-dix. Ces deux théories, engagées dans le débat actuel sur les façons de lier les sciences humaines et les sciences cognitives, sont critiquées par l’anthropologue social Tim Ingold, qui considère que les deux propositions se fondent sur un même principe dualiste. Je détaille cette critique et tente de montrer en quoi elle est pertinente pour une application de la mémétique ou de l’épidémiologie des représentations en linguistique, dont elle prédit certaines difficultés. L’objectif est d’examiner le problème concret du sens linguistique rencontré par l’épidémiologie des représentations, puis de montrer qu’une alternative, l’approche énactive du langage, permet de le surmonter.
Reprises et détournements polémiques sur Twitter
Authors: Jackiewicz Agata
Published: June 2017

L’étude s’intéresse aux représentations sociales et culturelles associées à la famille et à la filiation, telles qu’elles se manifestent lors des débats actuels sur le mariage homosexuel et la gestation pour autrui. Nous nous proposons d’éclairer les mécanismes de partage et de négociation critique de ces représentations en analysant leurs modes d’expression et de reprise dans des échanges sur la plate-forme Twitter. Le projet général vise l’élaboration d’outils notionnels, linguistiques et informatiques permettant de proposer une lecture renouvelée de la conflictualité contemporaine et d’analyser la diversité de ses formes d’expression. Il croise intimement deux perspectives d’étude : l’analyse des discours sociaux et celle des nouveaux objets discursifs induits par le numérique.
All-Arthroscopic Superior Shoulder Capsule Reconstruction With Partial Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Sutter E.Grant , Godin Jonathan A. , Garrigues Grant E.
Published: June 2017

Massive irreparable rotator cuff tears are difficult to treat. Although several treatment options exist, none provides superior long-term results. There is no consensus on optimal surgical technique. Superior capsular reconstruction is an operative treatment option aimed at restoring native biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint by providing a restraint to superior subluxation. Partial rotator cuff repair for massive tears has also been shown to improve shoulder kinematics and can be performed in conjunction with superior capsule reconstruction. The authors describe a technique for arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction with a dermal allograft with concomitant partial rotator cuff repair. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(4):e735–e738.]