bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augmented Low Dye Taping Changes Muscle Activation Patterns and Plantar Pressure During Treadmill Running
Authors: Kelly Luke A. , Racinais Sebastien , Tanner Craig M. , Grantham Justin , Chalabi Hakim
Published: July 2010

Study Design

Randomized, crossover study.

Objective

To examine changes in muscle activity and plantar pressure during running with the application of augmented low Dye (ALD) taping.

Background

ALD taping is used clinically as part of management for lower limb injury. As of yet, no studies have examined the effect of this taping method on muscle activity and plantar pressure during running, simultaneously.

Methods

Thirteen healthy recreational runners (mean ± SD age, 31.7 ± 4.9 years; height, 181.7 ± 4.6 cm; body mass, 81.6 ± 5.9 kg) completed a 6-minute run on a treadmill at a speed of 10 km·h−1, with 3 different taping conditions (ALD, control tape, no tape), applied in randomized order. Peak and average EMG signal amplitude, onset time, and burst duration were calculated for the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and the gluteus medius. In-shoe plantar pressures were also recorded. All data were calculated based on an average of 20 steps collected after 5 minutes of treadmill running.

Results

ALD taping significantly altered muscle activity and plantar pressure during treadmill running by (1) delaying the onset of the EMG signal of the gluteus medius, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis, and (2) increasing lateral midfoot plantar pressure.

Conclusion

ALD taping significantly alters plantar pressure and muscle activation patterns during treadmill running. These findings give insight into the neuromuscular effect of a taping procedure that is used commonly in a clinical setting. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(10):648–655. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3164
The Clinician's Dilemma: Borderline Personality Disorder or Bipolar Spectrum Disorder?
Authors: Little John , Richardson Kate
Published: July 2010

Objectives: This paper aims to explore the use of science as a basis for introducing bipolar spectrum disorder to conceptualize people who may otherwise be described as having borderline personality disorder, and offer suggestions for the management of clinical dilemmas.

Conclusions: Testable observations, thoughtfulness and humility are helpful in clinical practice.
The Intrusion of the Discourse of Economics Into the Clinical Space I: From Patient to Consumer
Authors: Plastow Michael
Published: July 2010

Objective: Terms from the corporate sector and its allied field of management have found their way into the clinical domain. This development is co-extensive with social changes and even modifications in the manner in which our patients present to clinical services. To date there has been little discussion of such developments in the psychiatric literature. The movement from the use of the term ‘patient’ to that of ‘consumer’ will be examined as emblematic of a modification of the clinical relationship.

Conclusions: The use of terms from economics has widely permeated our society. In an increasingly consumer-oriented society, the survey has become a study methodology of choice. Indeed, within psychiatry we have attempted to resolve the question of what to call our patients through surveys. There has been little discussion regarding the permeation of the language of economics in the clinical field and thus critiques of this process have arisen from other domains. It is argued that such changes have eroded the traditional clinical relationship of the psychiatrist and patient.
Darwin On the Emotions of the Insane
Authors: Pridmore Saxby , Keyon William
Published: July 2010

Objective: The aim of this paper is to examine information regarding insane people and style of word use in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals.

Conclusion: Some of the observations about 19th century patients are not consistent with current observations. These discrepancies may have arisen due to different management practices. Some of these observations may have been or be mistaken. The style of words would be considered discriminatory by current standards. Darwin and his informants were of the highest moral and ethical caliber. However, attitudes and the style of word use has changed over the last century.
Familiarity Breeds Respect: Attitudes of Medical Students Towards Psychiatry Following a Clinical Attachment
Authors: Lampe Lisa , Coulston Carissa , Walter Garry , Malhi Gin
Published: July 2010

Objective: The aim of this paper was to examine the influence of a clinical attachment in psychiatry on medical students’ attitudes to psychiatry as a specialty and potential career.

Method: Medical students at Sydney Medical School were surveyed following an 8-week clinical attachment in psychiatry. Secondary analyses sought to identify associations with variables such as age, gender and level of clinical experience as a medical student.

Results: Following a clinical attachment in psychiatry, 80% of students rated their attitude to psychiatry as more positive. Approximately 32% rated themselves as likely or very likely to choose a career in psychiatry. No differences were seen with respect to gender, age or stage of training. The quality of the teaching, enthusiasm of the clinical teachers, the holistic approach and scientific basis of psychiatry were cited by students as factors influencing attitudes.

Conclusions: The clinical rotation in psychiatry is a significant factor influencing medical student attitudes towards psychiatry.
Prevalence of Hepatitis C in Two Inpatient Psychiatry Populations
Authors: Gunewardene Ranil , Lampe Lisa , Ilchef Ralf
Published: July 2010

Objective: Psychiatric populations may be particularly at risk of hepatitis C (HCV), less likely to receive appropriate interventions and at greater risk of liver damage due to comorbid substance abuse. This study sought to determine the prevalence of HCV in two inpatient psychiatric populations of seriously mentally ill patients and the relationship to risk factor screening.

Method: Two inpatient units were chosen in similar socio-economic areas. Persons admitted to these wards over the course of the study were invited to participate and provided with pre-test counselling. Where informed consent was obtained, individuals were included in the study. It was planned to screen all consenting patients. However, funding was reduced for one site meaning that only patients with identified risk factors could be screened there.

Results: Around 18% of psychiatric inpatients admitted to risk factors for HCV. The prevalence of HCV with screening of all consenting patients in unit A was 3.2%. With selective screening in unit B, 41.7% of those with identified risk factors tested positive. These results compare to the Australian community rate of approximately 1.1%.

Conclusion: Results are consistent with elevated rates of HCV in mentally ill populations elsewhere in the world, and provide support for selective screening.
Proposed Changes to the Psychiatric Classification: Towards DSM5
Authors: Rey Joseph
Published: July 2010

Objectives: The World Health Organization and the American Psychiatric Association are revising their classifications of mental disorders – a costly, time-consuming exercise with wide implications. This article seeks to make practitioners aware of the proposed changes, which have been posted on the internet and are freely available.

Conclusions: Taxonomic changes create strong emotions; the ones proposed for DSM5, though far from drastic, are no exception. The main diagnostic categories remain largely the same as in DSM-IV. Most of the modifications entail moving specific disorders from one section to another, deleting disorders that have had little practical use, or changing the name. The substance-related disorders and personality disorders sections have been changed the most. It remains to be seen whether the proposed new categories – several of them controversial – will make it to the final version.
Working with Remote Indigenous Communities in Far North Queensland: An Experiential Narrative
Authors: Sevar Katherine
Published: July 2010

Objective: This paper describes my experience as a psychiatric registrar working with indigenous communities in a remote setting in Far North Queensland.

Conclusions: Working in a remote environment provided an insight into how to engage culturally diverse Indigenous communities and an invaluable training experience.
Evaluation of Arthrometer for Ankle Instability: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Nauck Tanja , Lohrer Heinz , Gollhofer Albert
Published: July 2010

Background: Stress tests are used to diagnose both acute and chronic lateral ankle instability. Commonly used stress tests require radiography and their reliability and sensitivity is still under debate. We developed a non radiographic ankle arthrometer to objectively assess mechanical ankle stability. This device was validated against stress radiographs in a cadaver investigation. Materials and Methods: Nine cadaver specimens were tested under: 0, 15, and 30 degrees ankle plantarflexion and 50 N, 100 N, 150 N, and 200 N anterior drawer load application. First, intact specimens were tested. Then the anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament and posterior talofibular ligament were sequentially cut. Anterior drawer displacement was analyzed simultaneously by a displacement transducer and by radiographic measurement. Stiffness was calculated as the linear increment of the load deformation curve. Results of a commercially available stress testing device served as a standard. Results: Stable and unstable ankles were differentiated by ankle arthrometer displacement and stiffness analyses ( p = 0.012 and 0.003) with the arthrometer adjusted to 0 degrees of plantarflexion and 50 N anterior drawer load application. Standardized stress testing device and ankle arthrometer stress radiographic measurements correlated significantly ( p = 0.000 to 0.027). Transducer measured anterior drawer instability was highly sensitive (96.3%), while specificity was 44.4%. Setting a cut off value of 4.5 N/mm, the stiffness analyses discriminated stable and unstable ankles with a sensitivity of 91.7% while the specificity was 62.5%. Conclusion: The ankle arthrometer was able to measure anterior subluxation of the talus in relation to the tibia in a cadaver experiment. The procedure is non-radiographic and highly sensitive in differentiating unstable from stable ankles. Clinical Relevance: Availablity of a nonradiographic device to measure ankle instability could improve diagnostic accuracy and facilitate decision making in patients with chronic ankle instability.
Lisfranc Injury Repair with the TightRope™ Device: A Short-term Case Series
Authors: Brin Yaron S. , Nyska Meir , Kish Benyamin
Published: July 2010

Level of Evidence: V, Expert Opinion
Péréquation et comportement stratégique des provinces bénéficiaires : un contre-exemple intrigant
Authors: Bernard Jean-Thomas , Ben Mabrouk Soufiene
Published: July 2010

The work of Boadway and Hayashi (2001) and Smart (2007) tends to confirm the hypothesis that provinces who are the beneficiaries of equalization payments adopt strategic behaviours that reduce their tax capacity and thus increase these payments. In this study, we analyze the impact that a new hydroelectricity royalty paid by Hydro-Quebec to the Quebec Treasury has on total equalization payments received by the province; to do this, we consider the equalization formulas used before 2004 and after 2007. This royalty, which generates approximately $600 million each year, reduces Quebec's equalization payments by just over $100 million, using either formula. Under the terms of the current equalization formula, Quebec loses 38 cents in equalization rights for each additional dollar of income received from natural resources. The new hydroelectricity royalty and the increase in the dividend rates applied to this government-owned corporation have made it possible for the Quebec government to benefit from a transfer of $1.15 billion; on the other hand it loses $437 million in equalization payments. In this study, we provide and describe an important counter example to the hypothesis concerning the strategic behaviour of provinces that benefit from an equalization scheme.
A Decade Later: Assessing Successes and Challenges in Manitoba's Provincial Immigrant Nominee Program
Authors: Lewis Nathaniel M.
Published: July 2010

During the past decade, Manitoba's Provincial Nominee Program (MPNP) has increased immigration to the province and dispersed immigrants more widely within Manitoba. At the same time, the rapid growth of the program and the decentralized way in which it has been implemented have contributed to some challenges. This ten-year analysis of the MPNP finds that many places in Manitoba are experiencing settlement service gaps, and that immigrants and communities are taking on much of the burden for MPNP application and settlement. In addition, the analysis demonstrates that the fragmented way in which the MPNP has been marketed and implemented (i.e., by relying on particular employers, consultants, and ethnocultural organizations) has resulted in a sort of ethnocultural inequality where certain groups are ushered into the province—often to perform particular occupations—while others are bypassed.
A Critical Review of Naphthalene Sources and Exposures Relevant to Indoor and Outdoor Air
Authors: Jia Chunrong , Batterman Stuart
Published: July 2010

Both the recent classification of naphthalene as a possible human carcinogen and its ubiquitous presence motivate this critical review of naphthalene’s sources and exposures. We evaluate the environmental literature on naphthalene published since 1990, drawing on nearly 150 studies that report emissions and concentrations in indoor, outdoor and personal air. While naphthalene is both a volatile organic compound and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, concentrations and exposures are poorly characterized relative to many other pollutants. Most airborne emissions result from combustion, and key sources include industry, open burning, tailpipe emissions, and cigarettes. The second largest source is off-gassing, specifically from naphthalene’s use as a deodorizer, repellent and fumigant. In the U.S., naphthalene’s use as a moth repellant has been reduced in favor of para-dichlorobenzene, but extensive use continues in mothballs, which appears responsible for some of the highest indoor exposures, along with off-label uses. Among the studies judged to be representative, average concentrations ranged from 0.18 to 1.7 μg m-3 in non-smoker’s homes, and from 0.02 to 0.31 μg m-3 outdoors in urban areas. Personal exposures have been reported in only three European studies. Indoor sources are the major contributor to (non-occupational) exposure. While its central tendencies fall well below guideline levels relevant to acute health impacts, several studies have reported maximum concentrations exceeding 100 μg m-3, far above guideline levels. Using current but draft estimates of cancer risks, naphthalene is a major environmental risk driver, with typical individual risk levels in the 10-4 range, which is high and notable given that millions of individuals are exposed. Several factors influence indoor and outdoor concentrations, but the literature is inconsistent on their effects. Further investigation is needed to better characterize naphthalene’s sources and exposures, especially for indoor and personal measurements.
Biomonitoring of Urinary Cotinine Concentrations Associated with Plasma Levels of Nicotine Metabolites after Daily Cigarette Smoking in a Male Japanese Population
Authors: Nagano Taku , Shimizu Makiko , Kiyotani Kazuma , Kamataki Tetsuya , Takano Ryohji , Murayama Norie , Shono Fumiaki , Yamazaki Hiroshi
Published: July 2010

Human biomonitoring of plasma and urinary levels of nicotine, cotinine, and 3′-hydroxycotinine was conducted after daily cigarette smoking in a population of 92 male Japanese smokers with a mean age of 37 years who had smoked an average of 23 cigarettes per day for 16 years. Members of the population were genotyped for the nicotine-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6). The mean levels of nicotine, the levels of its metabolites cotinine and 3′-hydroxycotinine, and the sum of these three levels in subjects one hour after smoking the first cigarette on the sampling day were 20.1, 158, 27.7, and 198 ng/mL in plasma and 846, 1,020, 1,010, and 2,870 ng/mL in urine under daily smoking conditions. Plasma levels of 3'-hydroxycotinine and urinary levels of nicotine and 3′-hydroxycotinine were dependent on the CYP2A6 phenotype group, which was estimated from the CYP2A6 genotypes of the subjects, including those with whole gene deletion. Plasma cotinine levels were significantly correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked on the day before sampling (r = 0.71), the average number of cigarettes smoked daily (r = 0.58), and the Brinkman index (daily cigarettes × years, r = 0.48) under the present conditions. The sum of nicotine, cotinine, and 3′-hydroxycotinine concentrations in plasma showed a similar relationship to that of the plasma cotinine levels. Urinary concentrations of cotinine and the sum of nicotine metabolite concentrations also showed significant correlations with the plasma levels and the previous day’s and average cigarette consumption. The numbers of cigarettes smoked per day by two subjects with self-reported light smoking habits were predicted by measuring the urinary cotinine concentrations and using linear regression equations derived from above-mentioned data. These results indicate that biomonitoring of the urinary cotinine concentration is a good, easy-to-use marker for plasma levels of cotinine and the sum of nicotine metabolites in smokers independent of genetic polymorphism of CYP2A6.
Extremely Efficient Catalysis of Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Using "Click" Dendrimer-Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles
Authors: Astruc Didier , Ornelas Cátia , Diallo Abdou K. , Ruiz Jaime
Published: July 2010

This article is an account of the work carried out in the authors’ laboratory illustrating the usefulness of dendrimer design for nanoparticle palladium catalysis. The “click” synthesis of dendrimers constructed generation by generation by 1à3 C connectivity, introduces 1,2,3-triazolyl ligands insides the dendrimers at each generation. Complexation of the ligands by PdII followed by reduction to Pd0 forms dendrimer-stabilized Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) that are extremely reactive in the catalysis of olefin hydrogenation and C-C bond coupling reactions. The stabilization can be outer-dendritic for the small zeroth-generation dendrimer or intra-dendritic for the larger first- and second-generation dendrimers. The example of the Miyaura-Suzuki reaction that can be catalyzed by down to 1 ppm of PdNPs with a “homeopathic” mechanism (the less, the better) is illustrated here, including catalysis in aqueous solvents.
L Band Brightness Temperature Observations over a Corn Canopy during the Entire Growth Cycle
Authors: Joseph Alicia T. , Van der Velde Rogier , O’Neill Peggy E. , Choudhury Bhaskar J. , Lang Roger H. , Kim Edward  J. , Gish Timothy
Published: July 2010

During a field campaign covering the 2002 corn growing season, a dual polarized tower mounted L-band (1.4 GHz) radiometer (LRAD) provided brightness temperature (TB) measurements at preset intervals, incidence and azimuth angles. These radiometer measurements were supported by an extensive characterization of land surface variables including soil moisture, soil temperature, vegetation biomass, and surface roughness. In the period May 22 to August 30, ten days of radiometer and ground measurements are available for a corn canopy with a vegetation water content (W) range of 0.0 to 4.3 kg m−2. Using this data set, the effects of corn vegetation on surface emissions are investigated by means of a semi-empirical radiative transfer model. Additionally, the impact of roughness on the surface emission is quantified using TB measurements over bare soil conditions. Subsequently, the estimated roughness parameters, ground measurements and horizontally OPEN ACCESS (H)-polarized TB are employed to invert the H-polarized transmissivity (γh) for the monitored corn growing season.
Small variance in growth rates in annual plants has large effects on genetic drift
Authors: Espeland Erin K. , O'Farrell Michael R.
Published: July 2010

• Premise of the Study: Effective population size (Ne) is a critical index of the evolutionary capacity of populations. Low Ne indicates that standing genetic diversity is susceptible to loss via stochastic processes (and inbreeding) and is, therefore, unavailable for natural selection to act upon. Reported Ne in plant populations is often quite low. What biological and ecological factors might produce such low Ne

• Methods: We conducted a simulation model to test the effect of randomly assigned and autocorrelated growth rates of annual plants on plant‐size distributions at the end of the growing season. Because plant size is directly correlated with reproductive output in annual plants, variation in plant size reflects variation in reproduction, and thus our modeled size distributions can be used to estimate Ne.

• Key Results: Randomly assigned growth rates had a negligble effect on Ne/N. Autocorrelated growth rates decreased Ne/N as the length of the growing season increased. This was the case even when the variance in growth rates was as low as 0.1% of the mean.

• Conclusions: While intrinsic plant biology can affect the degree of growth autocorrelation, ecological factors such as competition, herbivory, and abiotic stress can increase or decrease levels of growth autocorrelation. Ecological factors that increase growth autocorrelation can have significant effects on genetic drift within populations.
PILOT TRAINING IN OUR TIME – USE OF FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICES AND SIMULATORS
Authors: Dahlström Nicklas
Published: July 2010

The challenge of pilot training include adapting to an industry in which the environment is formed by steep upturns and downturns, cut-throat competition, and advanced technology that continues to change the role of the pilot and in which safety always must match the continuously increasing demands of efficiency. The pilot training per-formed at flight training organisations (FTOs) is the fundament in the education of captains and first officers who will be able to manage the operational “sharp end” of this environment. The response from the training industry in adapting to this environment has to a large extent been to increasingly rely on various levels of simulation in training, as seen with the current introduction of the multi-crew pilot license (MPL). Simulation can play an important role in acquiring the skills needed for a pilot, but it is also necessary to focus on the cognitive and collaborative skills that are to be developed by the training. The increasing technological sophistication seen in flight training devices and simulators today does however not seem to be matched by systematic validation of the value of different levels of simulation on cognitive and collaborative skills, which means that educational resources can go underutilised or get misapplied. This paper will describe and discuss some aspects of the challenge for pilot training, especially regarding the use of flight training devices and simulators. The framework within which FTOs exist and perform their training will be presented to add context to the overall situation for pilot training. And in particular, recent Lund University School of Aviation research projects on pilot training, introduction of technically advanced aircraft (TAA), and use of mid-fidelity simulation for CRM-training will be presented and connected to the discussion.
Generating Clinical Notes for Electronic Health Record Systems
Authors: Stead W.W. , Denny J.C. , Giuse D. , Lorenzi N.M. , Brown S.H. , Johnson K.B. , Rosenbloom S.T.
Published: July 2010

Clinical notes summarize interactions that occur between patients and healthcare providers. With adoption of electronic health record (EHR) and computer-based documentation (CBD) systems, there is a growing emphasis on structuring clinical notes to support reusing data for subsequent tasks. However, clinical documentation remains one of the most challenging areas for EHR system development and adoption. The current manuscript describes the Vanderbilt experience with implementing clinical documentation with an EHR system. Based on their experience rolling out an EHR system that supports multiple methods for clinical documentation, the authors recommend that documentation method selection be made on the basis of clinical workflow, note content standards and usability considerations, rather than on a theoretical need for structured data.
Variability of aerosol vertical distribution in the Sahel
Authors: Cavalieri O. , Cairo F. , Fierli F. , Di Donfrancesco G. , Snels M. , Viterbini M. , Cardillo F. , Chatenet B. , Formenti P. , Marticorena B. , Rajot J. L.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. We present and discuss ground-based and satellite observations of aerosol optical properties over Sahelian Africa for the years 2006, 2007 and 2008. This study combines data acquired by three ground-based micro lidar systems located in Banizoumbou (Niger), Cinzana (Mali) and M'Bour (Senegal) in the framework of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA), by the AEROsol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sun-photometers and by the space-based Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) onboard Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). The 2006 seasonal pattern of the aerosols vertical distribution is presented. It shows the presence of aerosol mainly confined in the lower levels of the atmosphere during the dry season, with the aerosol layer increasing in vertical extension and absolute values in spring, reaching the largest values in summer in correspondence with a progressive clearing up of the atmosphere at the lowermost levels. Aerosol produced by biomass burning are observed mainly during the dry season, when north-easterly air masses pass over large biomass burning areas before recirculating over the measurement sites. This kind of aerosol is present mainly in layers between 2 and 6 km of altitude, although episodically it may show also below 2 km, as observed in Banizoumbou (Niger) in 2006. Biomass burning aerosol is also observed during spring when air masses originating from North and East Africa pass over sparse biomass burning sources, and during summer when biomass burning aerosol is transported from the southern part of the continent by the monsoon flow. The summer season on the whole is characterized by a large presence of desert dust along the entire Sahelian region, widespread in altitude with Aerosol Optical Depths above 0.2. The interannual variability in the three year monitoring period is not very significant. An analysis of the aerosol transport pathways, aiming at detecting the main source regions, revealed that air originated from the Saharan desert is present all year long and it is observed in the lower levels of the atmosphere at the beginning and at the end of the year. In the central part of the year it extends upward and the lower levels are less affected by air masses from Saharan desert when the monsoon flow carries inland air from the Guinea Gulf and Southern Hemisphere. Biomass burning is mainly confined in the higher layers and observable in winter and in autumn.
On accuracy of upper quantiles estimation
Authors: Markiewicz I. , Strupczewski W. G. , Kochanek K.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. Flood frequency analysis (FFA) entails estimation of the upper tail of a probability density function (PDF) of annual peak flows obtained from either the annual maximum series or partial duration series. In hydrological practice the properties of various estimation methods of upper quantiles are identified with the case of known population distribution function. In reality the assumed hypothetical model differs from the true one and one can not assess the magnitude of error caused by model misspecification in respect to any estimated statistics. The opinion about the accuracy of the methods of upper quantiles estimation formed from the case of known population distribution function is upheld. The above-mentioned issue is the subject of the paper. The accuracy of large quantile assessments obtained from the four estimation methods are compared for two-parameter log-normal and log-Gumbel distributions and their three-parameter counterparts, i.e., three-parameter log-normal and GEV distributions. The cases of true and false hypothetical model are considered. The accuracy of flood quantile estimates depend on the sample size, on the distribution type, both true and hypothetical, and strongly depend on the estimation method. In particular, the maximum likelihood method looses its advantageous properties in case of model misspecification.
Risco para depressão, ansiedade e alcoolismo entre trabalhadores informais
Authors: Oliveira Giovanna Fernandes de , Carreiro Gisele Santana Pereira , Ferreira Filha Maria de Oliveira , Lazarte Rolando , Vianna Rodrigo Pinheiro de Toledo
Published: July 2010

A OMS aponta que os transtornos mentais menores acometem cerca de 30% dos trabalhadores ocupados e os transtornos mentais graves, 5 a 10%. Esta pesquisa objetivou identificar o risco, o perfil sociodemográfico e os fatores de risco para depressão, ansiedade e alcoolismo entre 86 trabalhadores informais no município de João Pessoa - PB, no período de agosto de 2006 a outubro de 2007. Trata-se de um estudo individuado, observacional, de corte transversal. Os dados foram coletados através dos questionários SRQ-20, CAGE e de um questionário sobre fatores de risco da saúde mental. Para a análise, utilizou-se o software SPSS 15.0. O risco para depressão e ansiedade foi apresentado por 31,4% da amostra, e o risco para alcoolismo, por 24,4%. Os dados sociodemográficos comuns aos riscos estudados foram: predominância da idade de 21 a 40 anos e da renda mensal de um a três salários mínimos. Os fatores de risco sobrecarga de trabalho e tempo insuficiente para lazer foram associados aos riscos para depressão, ansiedade e alcoolismo. Ressalta-se a necessidade de elaboração de ações de saúde mental que minimizem o sofrimento desses trabalhadores, melhorando sua qualidade de vida. A terapia comunitária é indicada como uma ação de prevenção do adoecimento mental. Descritores: Risco; Transtornos mentais; Saúde do trabalhador.
Organização e trabalho: padrões de comprometimento dos profissionais que atuam na estratégia saúde da família
Authors: Sanches Elizabeth Navas , Próspero Elisete Navas Sanches , Stuker Henri , Borba Júnior Moacir César de
Published: July 2010

Compreender os vínculos com o trabalho e a organização empregadora, além de apontar as implicações para a estruturação do indivíduo, seu desenvolvimento e seu comportamento, estão entre os desafios nesta área do conhecimento. Este estudo investigou o comprometimento com a organização e o trabalho dos profissionais da Estratégia de Saúde da Família em uma Gerência Regional de Saúde em Santa Catarina entre 2005 e 2007. Objetivou identificar os padrões de comprometimento com a organização e o trabalho desenvolvido e explorar os fatores explicativos para os padrões de compromisso encontrados. A população, composta de médicos, enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem e odontólogos, totalizou 347 profissionais, com amostra de 252 sujeitos, 72,62% da população. O instrumento englobou variáveis preditoras dos vínculos, além das medidas destes construtos. Os dados processados e analisados possibilitaram distinguir seis padrões: duplamente comprometidos e descomprometidos, comprometidos unilateralmente com a organização e o trabalho, descomprometidos com a organização e o trabalho. Como variáveis explicativas, identificaram-se as organizacionais, como as políticas de recursos humanos e as do trabalho como feedback, expectativas alcançadas, variedade de habilidades, dentre outras, variando segundo os padrões identificados. Foi evidenciada a precarização do trabalho pela associação entre o vínculo empregatício e a díade de comprometimento.Descritores: Lealdade ao trabalho; Trabalho; Programa Saúde da Família; Pessoal de Saúde.
Papéis, conflitos e gratificações do enfermeiro de serviços abertos de assistência psiquiátrica
Authors: Lima Raphael Valentino Marques de , Pedrão Luiz Jorge , Gonçalves Janaína Guerra , Luis Margarita Antonia Villar
Published: July 2010

Frente ao processo de transformação da assistência psiquiátrica, o papel de agente terapêutico é preconizado como um dos principais papéis do enfermeiro desta área específica, e, este estudo, objetivou identificar os papéis, conflitos e gratificações do enfermeiro de serviços abertos de assistência psiquiátrica. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório, onde foi utilizado um questionário, aplicado a onze enfermeiros dos serviços em questão, na cidade de Ribeirão Preto – São Paulo - Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria está na faixa etária entre 31 e 40 anos e possuem curso de especialização. Três cursaram mestrado e um cursou doutorado. Como papéis, destacaram os específicos do enfermeiro e os administrativos. Como conflitos, apontaram as condições de trabalho, a baixa remuneração, o não reconhecimento da sua liderança e a falta de recursos. O reconhecimento profissional e a reabilitação do portador de transtorno mental constituíram-se nas gratificações relatadas, permitindo concluir que esses enfermeiros identificam com propriedade o seu papel, apontam dificuldade para desempenhar parte deles, principalmente, frente às situações que enfrentam, identificam os seus conflitos e mostraram-se gratificados pelo reconhecimento da contribuição do seu trabalho na reabilitação do portador de transtorno mental, preservando, assim, certo idealismo relativo ao exercício de sua profissão.Descritores: Saúde mental; Enfermagem psiquiátrica; Papel do profissional de enfermagem.
Visão dos enfermeiros sobre a assistência holística ao cliente hospitalizado
Authors: Lemos Rejane Cussi Assunção , Jorge Livia Loami Ruyz , Almeida Ludmila Santiago , Castro Ana Carolina de
Published: July 2010

A humanização na assistência tem sido um tema preconizado por várias instituições preocupadas em desenvolver um cuidado integral ao cliente, analisando-o em sua totalidade, dentro de um contexto. A finalidade deste estudo foi compreender o significado de holismo para o enfermeiro. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo descritivo realizado em 2007, tendo como sujeitos 12 enfermeiros de um hospital de Minas Gerais, sendo realizada entrevista semi-estruturada. Na analise dos dados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo, da qual se originaram duas categorias, com suas respectivas subcategorias: o holismo e sua complexidade, com as subcategorias a integralidade, o indivíduo, o cliente, a harmonia multiprofissional e o lúdico; e o holismo e sua prática hospitalar, com as subcategorias interação cliente-cliente, interação enfermeiro-cliente, interação enfermeiro-família e dificuldades na promoção da assistência holística. Diante da análise dos dados, pode-se concluir que o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre a definição de holismo é incipiente, embora as formas de assistência que estas fornecem podem ser consideradas de forma integral. Sugere-se aqui a implantação de programas de educação continuada que trabalhem mais profundamente com as idéias da Política Nacional de Humanização. Descritores: Humanização da Assistência; Enfermagem Holística; Assistência Centrada ao Paciente.
Experiências cotidianas de pessoas colostomizadas por câncer: enfoque existencial
Authors: Violin Mara Rúbia , Sales Catarina Aparecida
Published: July 2010

A convivência com o estoma exige da pessoa colostomizada a adoção de inúmeras medidas de adaptação e reajustamento às atividades diárias. Neste sentido, este estudo tem como objetivo compreender as vivências de pessoas colostomizadas por câncer, ou seja, desvelar o seu existir-no-mundo com estoma e utilizando-se de um dispositivo para seus excrementos. A fenomenologia existencial de Martin Heidegger possibilitou a apreensão dos momentos vividos por esses Seres. Foram entrevistadas duas pessoas (um casal), no período de janeiro a abril de 2008. Os depoentes são residentes na região Norte do Paraná e as entrevistas foram realizadas em seus domicílios. Esta pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê Permanente de Ética em Pesquisa Envolvendo Seres Humanos da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. A questão norteadora da pesquisa foi: O que mudou na sua vida após a cirurgia da confecção do estoma? Na interpretação dos discursos emergiram alguns sentimentos convergentes, os quais suscitaram a temática existencial: a temporalidade de existir-no-mundo colostomizado. A análise desvelou que ser-colostomizado-por-câncer é ter o seu modo de ser-no-mundo influenciado por modificações físicas, emocionais e sociais, sendo necessário transcender as restrições impostas pela doença para poder vislumbrar novas possibilidades de continuar existindo-no-mundo. Descritores: Estomas cirúrgicos; Colostomia; Acontecimentos que mudam a vida; Cuidados de enfermagem.
Perfil dos recursos humanos das unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal de Cuiabá, MT
Authors: Bittencourt Rossana Marchese , Gaiva Maria Aparecida , Rosa Michelly Kim de OLiveira
Published: July 2010

A assistência prestada ao recém-nascido em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) é complexa e exige tecnologias e estrutura adequada. Porém, para que efetivamente esta assistência seja de qualidade, torna-se mister recursos humanos altamente capacitados. Este estudo teve como objetivo traçar o perfil dos recursos humanos alocados nas UTIN de Cuiabá/MT. Pesquisa descritiva de caráter quantitativo. Os dados foram coletados em agosto e setembro de 2008, por meio da aplicação de questionário aos profissionais de enfermagem. O conteúdo foi analisado, através de gráficos e tabelas, tomando por base as normatizações para a assistência ao recém-nascido. Os resultados mostraram que os turnos da manhã e da tarde possuem maior número de profissionais de todas as categorias assistenciais; nem todas as UTIN possuem o enfermeiro responsável técnico, o psicólogo e o pediatra diarista todos os dias. Há um percentual considerável de profissionais de enfermagem com jornada de 40 horas semanais. A maioria dos técnicos/auxiliares de enfermagem possui remuneração de um a dois salários mínimos, e os enfermeiros de quatro a cinco salários. Conclui-se que a equipe de enfermagem corresponde a 70% da equipe de saúde e que a maioria dos serviços estudados não possui todos os profissionais recomendados pelas normatizações. Descritores: Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal; Equipe de Enfermagem; Recursos Humanos; Recém-Nascido.
Jogo educativo como estratégia de educação em saúde para adolescentes na prevenção às DST/AIDS
Authors: Barbosa Stella Maia , Dias Fernanda Lima Aragão , Pinheiro Ana Karina Bezerra , Pinheiro Patrícia Neyva Da Costa , Vieira Neiva Francenely Cunha
Published: July 2010

Este artigo aborda a prevenção de DST/AIDS e objetiva relatar o uso de jogos educativos como estratégia de educação em saúde para adolescentes. Estudo exploratório descritivo desenvolvido em uma escola pública de Fortaleza-CE, em junho de 2009, com 85 adolescentes. Utilizou-se para a aplicação do jogo educativo, a observação participante, o protocolo observacional, o pré e o pós-teste. O resultado do pré-teste demonstrou o desconhecimento da maioria dos adolescentes sobre os cuidados que se deve ter com o preservativo. Após a realização do jogo e do pós-teste, constatou-se a eficácia da atividade educativa participativa, porquanto os dados demonstram que a maioria dos alunos assimilou as questões debatidas pelo grupo durante o jogo. O uso do jogo educativo foi uma experiência exitosa por ter favorecido a execução do processo educativo mediante a união entre informação, discussão, reflexão, interação e participação grupal, em que os adolescentes puderam esclarecer suas dúvidas, preencher lacunas do conhecimento em relação a questões como sexualidade e prevenção de DST e AIDS e interagir consigo próprios de maneira descontraída, facilitando a participação de todos na aprendizagem. Descritores: Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis; Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida; Adolescente; Tecnologia Educacional; Enfermagem.
As práticas humanizadas desenvolvidas por enfermeiras obstétricas na assistência ao parto hospitalar
Authors: Porfírio Aline Bastos , Progianti Jane Márcia , De Souza Danielle De Oliiveira M.
Published: July 2010

O presente estudo tem como temática as práticas incorporadas e desenvolvidas por enfermeiras mediante a implantação do modelo humanizado de assistência ao parto. Tem como objetivo discutir as práticas incorporadas e desenvolvidas por enfermeiras desde a implantação do modelo humanizado de assistência ao parto. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado em duas maternidades municipais do Rio de Janeiro, no período de fevereiro a abril de 2008. Os sujeitos foram 10 enfermeiras obstétricas. A coleta das informações foi realizada por meio da entrevista semi-estruturada. Diante dos depoimentos identificamos as unidades de registro e nomeamos os temas que foram agrupados em conjuntos maiores por afinidade de significação. Desta forma, evidenciamos as categorias. Os resultados apontaram que as práticas incorporadas pelas enfermeiras que assistem ao parto hospitalar no contexto da humanização foram referentes ao banho de aspersão, a orientação para uma respiração tranqüila, a valorização da liberdade de movimentos, o estabelecimento de vínculo entre enfermeira-parturiente, a presença do acompanhante e o emprego do toque físico. Concluímos que apesar das condições adversas, as enfermeiras estão seguindo os princípios e diretrizes da Organização Mundial de Saúde e do Ministério da Saúde em sua pratica hospitalar de assistência ao parto. Descritores: Cuidados de enfermagem; Enfermagem obstétrica; Parto humanizado; Saúde da mulher.
Inovação tecnológica e cargas de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde: revisão da literatura latino-americana
Authors: Pires Denise Elvira Pires de , Bertoncini Judite Hennemann , Sávio Bruna , Trindade Letícia De Lima , Matos Eliane , Azambuja Eliana
Published: July 2010

O intenso processo de inovação tecnológica, na atualidade, provoca modificações no mundo do trabalho que podem afetar as cargas de trabalho e a saúde dos trabalhadores. Neste contexto, o presente estudo tem por objetivo identificar a produção do conhecimento latino-americano que trata da influência da inovação tecnológica nas cargas de trabalho dos profissionais de saúde. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa, seleção de artigos, teses ou dissertações, publicados em periódicos indexados na base de dados LILACS nos últimos cinco anos. Foram encontradas onze publicações, as quais foram analisadas conforme procedência, tipo de estudo, objetivos das pesquisas, metodologia empregada, referencial teórico utilizado e resultados. Os resultados evidenciaram concentração das publicações no Brasil, pesquisas com abordagem qualitativa, realizadas em instituições públicas e no ambiente hospitalar. Conclui-se que os temas inovação tecnológica e cargas de trabalho estão presentes na literatura latino-americana, no entanto não existem estudos que abordem o impacto do uso de novas tecnologias nas cargas de trabalho dos profissionais do setor. Descritores: Carga de trabalho; Ciência, tecnologia e sociedade; Pessoal de saúde; Enfermagem; Medicina.
Nonisothermal crystallization behavior of highly exfoliated polypropylene/clay nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization
Authors: Liu Xin , He Aihua , Du Kai , Han Charles C.
Published: July 2010

Polypropylene/clay nanocomposites (PPCNs) were prepared via an in situ polymerization method with a Ziegler–Natta/clay compound catalyst in which the MgCl2/TiCl4 catalyst was embedded in the clay galleries. The wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results showed that the clay particles were highly exfoliated in the polypropylene (PP) matrix. The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of these PPCNs were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry at various cooling rates. The nucleation activity were calculated by Dobreva's method to demonstrate that the highly dispersed silicate layers acted as effective nucleating agents. The Avrami, Jeziorny, Ozawa, and Mo methods were used to describe the nonisothermal crystallization behavior of the PP and PPCNs. Various parameters of nonisothermal crystallization, such as the crystallization half‐time, crystallization rate constant, and the kinetic parameter F(t), reflected that the highly exfoliated silicate layers significantly accelerated the crystallization process because of its outstanding nucleation effect. The activation energy values of the PP and PPCNs determined by the Kissinger method increased with the addition of the nanosilicate layers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Novel Urea‐Functionalized Quinacridone Derivatives: Ultrasound and Thermo Effects on Supramolecular Organogels
Authors: Dou Chuandong , Wang Chenguang , Zhang Hongyu , Gao Hongze , Wang Yue
Published: July 2010

In investigations into the effects of environmental factors on organogels, two urea‐functionalized quinacridone derivatives 1 a and 1 b have been designed and synthesized. These two compounds can respond to ultrasound and thermal stimuli in the organic test solvents, and exhibit pronounced aggregation properties. The field‐effect (FE)‐SEM images of xerogels show the characteristic gelation morphologies of 3D fibrous network structures. The concentration‐ and temperature‐dependent 1H NMR spectra suggest that the intermolecular π–π and hydrogen‐bonding interactions of gelators are the main driving forces for the supramolecular assembly process. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV/Vis absorption, and photoluminescent spectroscopy studies have been carried out and provide more information to define the molecular packing model in gelation states.
Adsorption of Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Granular Activated Carbon and Activated Clay
Authors: Wasewar Kailas L. , Kumar Pradeep , Chand Shri , Padmini Bina N. , Teng Tjoon Tow
Published: July 2010

The present study was aimed at removing cadmium ions from aqueous solution through batch studies using adsorbents, such as, granular activated carbon (GAC) and activated clay (A‐clay). GAC was of commercial grade where as the A‐clay was prepared by acid treatment of clay with 1 mol/L of H2SO4. Bulk densities of A‐clay and GAC were 1132 and 599 kg/m3, respectively. The surface areas were 358 m2/g for GAC and 90 m2/g for A‐clay. The adsorption studies were carried out to optimize the process parameters, such as, pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. The results obtained were analyzed for kinetics and adsorption isotherm studies. The pH value was optimized at pH 6 giving maximum Cd removal of 84 and 75.2% with GAC and A‐clay, respectively. The adsorbent dosage was optimized and was found to be 5 g/L for GAC and 10 g/L for A‐clay. Batch adsorption studies were carried out with initial adsorbate (Cd) concentration of 100 mg/L and adsorbent dosage of 10 g/L at pH 6. The optimum contact time was found to be 5 h for both the adsorbents. Kinetic studies showed Cd removal a pseudo second order process. The isotherm studies revealed Langmuir isotherm to better fit the data than Freundlich isotherm.