bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Athletic Inspiration: Vladimir Nabokov and the Aesthetic Thrill of Sports
Authors: Harte Tim
Published: October 2013

“Athletic Inspiration: Vladimir Nabokov and the Aesthetic Thrill of Sports” addresses Nabokov’s propensity for highlighting in his fiction, poetry, and other writings the theme of athletics and, in particular, the act of observing athletes in action. Expanding upon an early Berlin essay Nabokov wrote about boxing, competition, and sports spectatorship, this article focuses on the prominence of sports in Glory, Lolita, Pnin , and a number of poems, among other works. Through literature, Nabokov celebrated the tendency for sports to stir the imagination and transform ordinary, physical reality into an active, joyful, and ultimately revelatory experience for athletes, spectators, and, it follows, writers and readers.
Memory Speaks: History and Witnessing in Nabokov’s Pale Fire
Authors: Pitzer Andrea
Published: October 2013

In Nabokov’s final work, Look at the Harlequins! , Vadim, discussing the reviews of Bend Sinister (reincarnated as Esmerelda and her Parandrus ), says that his “homework in Paris had never received its due.” In the period Nabokov spent in Paris from 1937 to 1940, he seems to have read and been influence by a number of French authors, especially Stéphane Mallarmé. Mallarmé’s theory of a poetic language from which the Author has resigned sovereignty, which anticipates post-structuralism, seems to have been of particular importance to Nabokov. Like other pieces of Nabokov’s writings of the late 1930s and early 1940s, and indeed like Joyce’s and Borges’s writing of the same period, Bend Sinister dramatises this Mallarméan ‘death of the author’, and by a series of detailed allusions to Mallarmé, Bend Sinister , like Nabokov’s later American novels, signals that it is following Mallarmé’s conclusions about the implications of this evacuation of textual authority. In Bend Sinister’s Mallarméan poetic, art and life are governed by nothingness, doubt, and ambivalence. Experiences which language usually holds apart, such as grief and desire, come into a perverse unity. The transcendence towards which art traditionally aspired is placed in question, and the substance of the world itself, and even the artwork, is replaced by a nothingness or “néant” which, as in post-structuralism, is both present and absent. In Bend Sinister , as in Mallarmé, language is torn towards two extremes of punning and austerity, nonsense and silence, which for Nabokov would be represented by the antithetical modernist examples of Joyce’s Finnegans Wake and Eliot’s Four Quartets .
Nabokov’s ‘Homework in Paris’: Stéphane Mallarmé, Bend Sinister , and the Death of the Author
Authors: Karshan Thomas
Published: October 2013

In Nabokov’s final work, Look at the Harlequins! , Vadim, discussing the reviews of Bend Sinister (reincarnated as Esmerelda and her Parandrus ), says that his “homework in Paris had never received its due.” In the period Nabokov spent in Paris from 1937 to 1940, he seems to have read and been influence by a number of French authors, especially Stéphane Mallarmé. Mallarmé’s theory of a poetic language from which the Author has resigned sovereignty, which anticipates post-structuralism, seems to have been of particular importance to Nabokov. Like other pieces of Nabokov’s writings of the late 1930s and early 1940s, and indeed like Joyce’s and Borges’s writing of the same period, Bend Sinister dramatises this Mallarméan ‘death of the author’, and by a series of detailed allusions to Mallarmé, Bend Sinister , like Nabokov’s later American novels, signals that it is following Mallarmé’s conclusions about the implications of this evacuation of textual authority. In Bend Sinister’s Mallarméan poetic, art and life are governed by nothingness, doubt, and ambivalence. Experiences which language usually holds apart, such as grief and desire, come into a perverse unity. The transcendence towards which art traditionally aspired is placed in question, and the substance of the world itself, and even the artwork, is replaced by a nothingness or “néant” which, as in post-structuralism, is both present and absent. In Bend Sinister , as in Mallarmé, language is torn towards two extremes of punning and austerity, nonsense and silence, which for Nabokov would be represented by the antithetical modernist examples of Joyce’s Finnegans Wake and Eliot’s Four Quartets .
Nabokov’s Mermaid: “Spring in Fialta”
Authors: Sommers Elena
Published: October 2013

Presented through the nostalgic prism of her absence, Nabokov's heroine is a poetic vessel of a male character’s journey. Barely trusted with any lines, not to mention internal monologues, she is essentially mute. In the best tradition of the Russian mermaid fairy-tales and films, she seems to have traded her voice for human form in order to be close to her beloved, but, misunderstood and unable to fit in his world of mortals, she ends up leaving forever, as he mourns the loss of his one chance at happiness. As if in return for such an arrangement of circumstances, Nabokov’s mermaid-like woman is granted a brief access to the otherworldly dimension, which she in turn feminizes and charges with her presence. This magical, if hardly fair, exchange can be observed in "Spring in Fialta.” The first part of the article traces the русалка -mermaid watermark through Nabokov's creative work. The second reads “Spring in Fialta” through the lens of the русалка belief and the Russian folk wedding lamentation ritual (“свадебное причитание”) -two intertwining motives, each carrying funereal overtones, which so far have been left unexamined by the critical literature.
Philosophical Miscellanea: Excerpts from an Ongoing Dialogue with Daya Krishna
Authors: Raveh Daniel
Published: October 2013

The aim of this essay is to carry forward this author’s dialogic encounter with Daya Krishna, drawing not just on his well-known essays but also on his unpublished papers and private correspondence, in an attempt to think dialogically about the very notion of dialogue or, in Sanskrit, saṃvāda . This is perhaps the key notion in Krishna’s “project” of reading and thinking old texts and philosophical strands anew. Further touched on here is the question of newness in philosophical thinking, and the interlacement of newness and creativity. Here the dialogue is broadened to include K. C. Bhattacharyya, Mukund Lath, and Arindam Chakrabarti, each of whom works with the newness/creativity question and connects to Daya Krishna in his own way. In our dialogical journey we stop at the central and well-connected ‘stations’ of language, knowledge, and freedom. Krishna’s uniquely self-conscious use of language is discussed. His intriguing notion of knowledge-without-certainty based on dialogue-as- pramāṇa and his emphasis on what he saw as the inseparability of knowledge and action are spotlighted. Finally, Krishna’s critique of classic formulas of freedom-as-disengagement (e.g., in Patañjali’s Yogasūtra ) is discussed. He himself envisioned an alternative notion of freedom as a voluntary two-way movement between withdrawal and return, retreat and re-engagement. In this respect he demands enlightened action, aiming at the transformation of the down-and-out, inspired by one’s visit, or repeated visits to the above and beyond.
The Descent of the Transcendent: Viewing Culture with G. C. Pande
Authors: Bhattacharya Sibesh
Published: October 2013

G. C. Pande’s idea of culture in many respects represents a radical departure from current thinking on the subject. This departure has its roots in the way Pande traces the origin and the process of development of culture. According to Pande the original inspiration and catalyst of the genesis of culture are transcendental in nature, although culture is born in the human world and it develops through human agency. The process is set into motion by the envisioning of the transcendent by a prophet/teacher. The transcendental vision, occult in its essence, contains the seeds of a philosophy of life and a system of values. The sharing of the vision by the prophet/teacher in the form of teachings with a band of followers engenders the formation of a culture group and then the nucleus of a society. Pande thus reverses the accepted notions of the relationship between the growth of culture and society. According to him it is not a society that gives rise to a distinctive culture; rather it is a culture — which, in other words is a system of values and a philosophy of life — that gives rise to a corresponding society. Later on from the same process civilizations and states develop. This essay examines the interesting implications of these formulations.
Learning to Converse: Reflections on a Small Experiment
Authors: McGhee Michael
Published: October 2013

This essay offers some informal reflections on the experience of dialogue between Indian and Western philosophers during the period in which Daya Krishna made his own contribution to the Indian tradition. In particular it looks at how the conditions for such dialogue are compromised by the colonial relationship and its postcolonial repercussions, and at how the problem of philosophical heteronomy may be overcome through the willingness of both partners in the dialogue to accept the possibility of correction by a different perspective.
Daya Krishna on Some Indian Theories of Negation: A Critique
Authors: Sen Prabal Kumar
Published: October 2013

Contrary Thinking , an anthology of selected essays by Daya Krishna, contains two essays dealing with negation, in which the untenability of the Nyāya and Vaiśeṣika views regarding negation ( abhāva ) have been sought to be established. However, in both these essays, many of the relevant Nyāya and Vaiśeṣika views have been grossly misrepresented. Besides, both essays contain arguments that are based on either wrong or questionable assumptions, and there are also some factual errors. The present article aims at pointing out some of these inaccuracies, due to which the criticisms leveled by Daya Krishna against the Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika views about negation become totally ineffective.
Nyāya Perceptual Theory: Disjunctivism or Anti-Individualism?
Authors: Vaidya Anand Jayprakash
Published: October 2013

The thesis that error asymmetrically depends on truth is the thesis that veridicality and truth is conceptually prior to non-veridicality and error with respect to cognition and perception. Epistemic disjunctivism is the thesis that there is no common kind of experience between veridical and non-veridical states that is of robust explanatory value for the purposes of philosophical investigation into perception. In what follows the issue is explored whether Nyāya perceptual theory endorses epistemic disjunctivism or anti-individualism. It is explored against the background of examining Matthew Dasti’s (2012) argument for the view that Nyāya perceptual theory does anticipate contemporary epistemic disjunctivism on the basis of its endorsement of the parasitism of error on truth. In the present account, exploration of the issue is enhanced and better situated for further investigation by paying attention to the intricate debate between Tyler Burge and John McDowell on epistemic disjunctivism, perceptual antiindividualism, and the relevance of the vision sciences to the philosophy of perception. Following Dasti, the view is accepted that Nyāya perceptual theory endorses the idea that error is asymmetrically dependent on truth. However, the claim is drawn into question that they would genuinely accept McDowell’s form of epistemic disjunctivism. Instead, it is argued that Nyāya perceptual theory is amenable to Tyler Burge’s (2005) Perceptual Anti-individualism . The present investigation discusses the Nyāya Misplacement Theory of Illusion and closes with how this account could enhance contemporary research in epistemology and perceptual theory.
The Harmony Principle
Authors: Raju C. K.
Published: October 2013

Ethics is central to Philosophy. Upani#x1E63;adic and early Buddhist thought took values seriously. More recent Indian philosophical practice, this author argued with Daya Krishna, abandons this focus, and fails to engage moral questions with the same creativity, falling either into a repetition of utlitiarianism or into a purely religious understanding of ethics. Krishna objected strenuously to the idea of ethics as an imposition of order on human life, seeing ethics rather as an enrichment and freeing of human life from constraint. In this essay, it is argued that ethical models are anchored in beliefs about the nature of time. Drawing on ideas from the mathematical foundations of physics and evolutionary biology, an ethic of spontaneity based on the principle of harmony is proposed — an ethic that is neither utilitarian nor religious in the usual sense. Taking seriously Krishna’s objections to the use of the word “order,” the present essay instead defends a notion of ethics as instituting a kind of “harmony,” a metaphor borrowed from Western music theory, to explain the underlying physics of time.
Is Nyāya Realist or Idealist? Carrying on a Conversation Started by Daya Krishna
Authors: Sharma Ramesh K.
Published: October 2013

The late Professor Daya Krishna, then Editor of the Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research (JICPR) (New Delhi) initiated, in the “Notes and Queries” section of an issue of that journal, a debate whose starting point was the provocative question “Is Nyāya Realist or Idealist?” which, in respect to its contents, constituted a challenge to the traditional characterization of Nyāya philosophy as “realist,” and Krishna marshaled some very ingenious (if sometimes brief) arguments to show not only that the received characterization needed serious reconsideration but that there may well be grounds, hitherto unforeseen, for calling Nyāya, or some of its tenets, idealist. Inevitably, strong but reasoned responses by noted scholars rejecting Krishna’s proposal followed and occupied number after number of the pages of that journal. Some of the responses were not only attempts to address the issues raised by Daya Krishna, but were in the nature of comments on other authors’ points of view expressed in response to his original query. While, in the main, these responses, as against Daya Krishna’s onslaught, sought to defend Nyāya’s realistic character, they did so on different grounds in many cases. Here, it is intended to summarize and present for the reader’s perusal some of these responses and rejoinders apart from reproducing at the outset, and in toto , the original query of Daya Krishna.
Proust, Sartre, and the Idea of Love
Authors: Childers Joel M.
Published: October 2013

The idea of love is central to the works of Marcel Proust and Jean-Paul Sartre. For both it is the desire to possess the consciousness of the other—an impossible ideal. Despite Sartre’s own admissions, scholars have failed to note the similarities between the two. In this essay, I argue that Sartre’s reading of the novel—both the period in which he read it and the method he employs in interpreting it—illustrates Proust’s influence on his text and offers a new approach to the study of the Recherche .
Exhausted Literature: Work, Action, and the Dilemmas of Literary Commitment
Authors: Just Daniel
Published: October 2013

This article examines Jean-Paul Sartre’s concept of committed literature as a manifestation of the tendency in Western modernity of conceiving literature as a form of praxis anchored in work. Discussing an alternative idea of engagement formulated by Maurice Blanchot, Roland Barthes, and Albert Camus, the essay develops a notion of exhausted literature that questions the prioritization of work and action in predominant models of commitment. Exhaustion is proposed as a politically and ethically motivated literary strategy of suspending the group-forming morality which, as a product of modern valorization of work and action, has accompanied literature of verisimilitude, activity, and oriented time.
Mental Illness and Imagination in Philosophy, Literature, and Psychiatry
Authors: Joranger Line
Published: October 2013

Can existential themes, such as anxiety, the will to die, or our simultaneous will to live forever be logically described? Does a literary language or philosophical and psychiatric term exist that can express phenomena nonreferential to the external world? In short, does a genre exist that can redefine the relationships between symbol and meaning? Drawing upon various theoretical perspectives developed by Michel Foucault, Ludwig Binswanger, Gaston Bachelard, and Karl Jaspers, this paper discusses the ability to depict life as we are living it, whether it is a product of mental illness or a matter of normal schizophrenic imaginings.
“No Permanent Home”: The Five Skandhas and Philip Whalen’s “The Slop Barrel”
Authors: Giles Todd
Published: October 2013

Six months after the famous Six Gallery poetry reading in 1955, Philip Whalen began working on “The Slop Barrel,” a poem that is an interior examination of Mahāyāna Buddhist notions of impermanence, interdependence, and awakening. Giles argues that “The Slop Barrel” is an exploration of the Five Skandhas , or five aggregates of attachment, which collectively make up one’s personality. The poet-narrator comes to recognize, as he moves from being trapped in the world of objects and concepts to reaching the other shore of liberation, that suffering lies not in the aggregates themselves, but in his lack of understanding of emptiness.
“Like Monsters of the Deep”: Transworld Depravity and King Lear
Authors: Benson Sean
Published: October 2013

Shakespeare’s King Lear is routinely construed as a place without God: critics reason that no good god would allow the presence of grave moral evils such as the torturous blinding of Gloucester. Using Plantinga’s free will defense, I argue that if Shakespeare’s characters enjoy significant freedom in the moral choices they make, then claims that Lear represents Shakespeare’s demonstration of God’s nonexistence are false. Plantinga’s concept of transworld depravity illustrates the vexing problem of moral evil, while it also opens the possibility of God’s existence in a world actualized, for good or ill, by the free exercise of human freedom.
Shooting a Donkey: Accidents and Mistakes in Austin and McEwan
Authors: Rudrum David
Published: October 2013

Remember J. L. Austin’s attempt—in “A Plea for Excuses”—to differentiate between doing something “by mistake” and doing it “by accident”? Well, Austin’s attempts at philosophical distinctions—such as his more celebrated distinction between constative and performative language—do not always result in tenable oppositions. Therefore, this article sets out to explore the accident/mistake distinction with reference to a contemporary novel: namely, Ian McEwan’s Enduring Love. The novel is particularly apt because it opens with a fatal accident , which, in turn, leads to a plot-shaping mistake . These extraordinary events both challenge and vindicate Austin’s “ordinary language” conception of his subject.
Not Moderately Moral: Why Hume Is Not a “Moderate Moralist”
Authors: Dadlez E. M. , Bicknell Jeanette
Published: October 2013

In the debates over the moral content of artworks, the group whose views are known variously as “ethicism,” “moralism,” or “moderate moralism” has claimed Hume as one of its own, and this supposed kinship has gone largely uncontested. We argue, contra Gaut and others, that the “merited response argument” is not to be found in Hume, and that he was not a (moderate) moralist in the current sense. Hume did indeed hold that our moral responses contribute to aesthetic assessment, but this does not amount to the claim that moral flaws in works of art are also aesthetic flaws.
Reflections on a Prominent Argument in the Wittgenstein Debate
Authors: Pichler Alois
Published: October 2013

Does the way authors treat their own works tell us something about how these works are to be understood? Not necessarily. But then a standard argument against the “New Wittgenstein” comes under question. The argument is: the undogmatic interpretation of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus cannot be correct, since Wittgenstein himself later treats it as a work that holds certain positions. My response is: the argument is only correct if the answer to four specific questions is “yes.” The main purpose of the paper is to bring issues of philosophical authorship more into focus within Wittgensteinian interpretation.
Prevailing Winds: Marx as Romantic Poet
Authors: Hall Joshua M.
Published: October 2013

Inspired by Charles Taylor’s locating of Herder and Rousseau’s “expressivism” in Marx’s understanding of the human as artist, I begin this essay by examining expressivism in Taylor, followed by its counterpart in M. H. Abrams’s work, namely the wind as metaphor in British Romantic poetry. I then further explore this expressivism/wind connection in Percy Bysshe Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind” and Marx’s The German Ideology . Ultimately I conclude that these expressive winds lead to poetic gesture per se, and thereby, to a kind of poetry at the heart of Marx’s philosophy.
Poetry and Directions for Thought
Authors: John Eileen
Published: October 2013

Do poems provide “scripts” for reader’s thoughts? Kendall Walton’s account of poets as thoughtwriters, in which poems can serve to express readers’ thoughts without positing an expressive thinker in the poem, is considered from various angles. While it seems a minimal expressive thinker needs to be posited, this leaves open other questions about poems as the stuff of thought. Can poems be fully thought , and do readers take ownership of the thinking that poetry prompts? Elizabeth Bishop’s “At the Fishhouses” is discussed as a poem that allows the reader a chance to separate aspects of content and control of thought.
Albert Camus’ Caligula and the Philosophy of the Marquis de Sade
Authors: Larson J.
Published: October 2013

According to the materialist philosophy of the Marquis de Sade, humans, as an extension of Nature’s primary laws of creation and destruction, must become “Nature’s executioners,” by embracing her aspects of cruelty, crime, and murder. The consequences of this philosophy became evident in the nihilism, fascism, and the rule of dictators in the twentieth century, which Albert Camus discusses in Caligula and in The Rebel . This article examines the Marquis de Sade’s philosophy of Nature, the moral objections that Camus had with his form of nihilistic thought, and its reemergence in the philosophies of Hegel, Nietzsche, Bakunin, and Nechaev.
The Folly of Systems: The Satiric Tradition and Mental Disorders
Authors: Justman Stewart
Published: October 2013

The steep rise in diagnosed depression in the United States was enabled by the use of simplistic checklists of diagnostic criteria as codified in the authoritative Diagnostic and Statistical Manual , which underwent a fundamental change in 1980 and has been revised several times since. The DSM criteria for depression disregard the traditional distinction between the sadness incident to human life and habitual, excessive melancholy. However, tradition—in particular the satiric tradition, to which Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy belongs—not only reminds us that sadness has many shapes, but by the same token cautions against the fallacies of codification as such.
Existential Phenomenology According to Clarice Lispector
Authors: Marder Michael
Published: October 2013

Clarice Lispector’s narrative in The Passion According to G.H. is a literary enactment of phenomenology at the limit, an attempt at reimagining the world from nonadult and other-than-human points of view. I interpret the term “passion,” woven into Lispector’s textual production, in terms of the existential intensity that accompanies the transformation of experience as it departs from its human modality. Offering a phenomenological description of such self-alienation, I pay particular attention to metamorphoses in the perception of time, space, and life.
Accounting for The Road : Tragedy, Courage, and Cavell’s Acknowledgment
Authors: Mangrum Benjamin
Published: October 2013

The nameless father of Cormac McCarthy’s The Road is repeatedly faced with the difficulty of having to account for a world left desolate after a global catastrophe. The father remains committed to such a world even though it is rife with cannibalism and violence. Yet how can he account for this existence to his son? Why pass on such a way of life? I enlist the ordinary language philosophy of Wittgenstein and Cavell in an effort to account for the father’s commitment. I employ the categories of tragedy, courage, and Cavell’s notion of acknowledgment to understand the novel’s unsettling vision.
The Road to Wellnessville
Authors: MacKinnon John E.
Published: October 2013

Although Philippe Ariès’s claims that death has been replaced by illness as our main obsession, I argue that illness is being replaced by wellness, an approach to living that encourages preemptive behavior. I review various critiques of “survivalism,” a view that both insists on our vulnerability and welcomes professional intervention in personal life. The resulting sense of anxiety, critics maintain, extends even to the “minutiae of human behavior,” including diet and fitness. I follow Jackson Lears in tracing these therapeutic commitments to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and examine a novel set in that period: T. C. Boyle’s The Road to Wellville , a satire about the perils of healthy living. I conclude by adapting Michael Sandel’s arguments against genetic enhancement to the issue of health.
Torat Hayyim : The Status of Women in the Thought of Eliezer Berkovits
Authors: Berkovits Rahel
Published: October 2013

Eliezer Berkovits’s views on the status of women within Judaism are an outgrowth of his philosophy of the nature and function of halakah. He believed that Torat Hayyim, a living Torah, must speak to the unique needs of each particular generation and that human beings must take an active role in shaping that Torah. Berkovits’s interest in the status of women did not stem from any particular affinity to feminism and the modern woman’s cause. Rather, he sensed that this problem was the issue of the day facing traditional Judaism. Berkovits was unwilling to say that halakah has no answers for the contemporary woman. For him to do so would be to admit that Torah is morally deficient and not eternally valid or relevant and would constitute an affront to God’s name. His belief in the power of the halakic system and his desire to defend the moral dignity of God’s law spurred him, as a legal authority, to address women’s spiritual, religious, and ritual needs in the modern day.
Rabbi Eliezer Berkovits’s Halakic Vision for the Modern Age
Authors: Shapiro Marc B.
Published: October 2013

How is Jewish law supposed to respond to the incredible changes that have taken place in modern times, most important of which are the expanded role of women in society and the creation of the State of Israel? For Eliezer Berkovits, these changes require a different approach to halakah than is currently seen, yet this approach should should not be seen as any sort of “reform,” but rather a return to original halakic values that due to historical circumstances were not able to be brought to fruition until modern times. Sharply delineating his approach from traditionalist Orthodoxy on the one hand, and the Conservative view of halakah on the other, Berkovits offers a dynamic approach to halakah that seeks to return the halakic process to the precodification era.
Eliezer Berkovits on Conversion: An Inclusive Orthodox Approach
Authors: Ellenson David
Published: October 2013

Eliezer Berkovits was singular among contemporary Orthodox rabbis in his approach to conversion. This article describes the activist stance Berkovits took on this issue in the larger Jewish world, and analyzes in detail his halakic analysis of traditional laws of conversion. Berkovits felt that these laws had to be applied in light of a broad legal context that demanded that the commandment of ahavat yisrael (love of the Jewish people) be honored. His concern for the supremacy of this latter commandment in the hierarchy of Jewish values led him to adopt a lenient and inclusive stance on conversion and even caused him to countenance the participation of Conservative and Reform rabbis alongside Orthodox rabbis on a rabbinic court assembled for conversion. By comparing the writings of Berkovits on these issues to those of his colleagues in the Orthodox world, this article demonstrates that his stance on conversion was unique in the Orthodox world.
The Man Who Saved God from the Holocaust
Authors: Hazony David
Published: October 2013

Eliezer Berkovits was the first Jewish thinker to make a sustained philosophical attempt at reconciling the magnitude and specific horror of the Holocaust with a traditional Jewish approach to history. To achieve this, he first establishes the position of the questioner as "Job’s brother," who has neither the immediate exposure to events of the suffering Job, nor the luxury of distance to view them as just another case of unjust suffering. Second, he rejects the concept of the Holocaust as a religious "singularity,” and shows that while it may pose unique questions about the nature of modernity, it does not, in its extremity, undermine religious categories per se. Finally he addresses the problem itself, which is not so much one of logic as recognition—can we recognize the Jewish God in the ashes of Auschwitz? His answer is a qualified yes, and though he has to bend some of the classic theological categories to do so, he nonetheless makes a serious argument for faith after the Holocaust.
Shoah Theology in America: First Responses and Interfaith Statement
Authors: Garber Zev
Published: October 2013

In a post-Shoah world, theological exploration of Shoah issues and events questions the interrelationship between human and divine responsibility, often shaking and rendering radical reorientation to faith belief and living among ashes of evil. This paper summarizes and, to some extent, critiques the thought of early key thinkers of Shoah theology in America, including Eliezer Berkovits, who attempted to understand and explain religiously Shoadicy. It also argues for cooperative Jewish-Christian dialogue and activity in dealing with Shoah-related matters, a position neither engaged in nor supported by Berkovits.
Berkovits and the Priority of the Ethical
Authors: Shatz David
Published: October 2013

Ethics is at the center of Eliezer Berkovits’s views on many vital questions in Jewish thought. Indeed, he speaks of “the priority of the ethical.” This essay considers three areas related to ethics in which Berkovits’s thought exhibits certain tensions: his critique of science, his critique of situation ethics, and his explanation of ritual. These tensions reflect the fact that Berkovits has a dual goal. On the one hand, he criticizes lives devoid of faith and seeks to make tradition relevant in a modern world beset by alienation, depersonalization, and loss of meaning. On the other hand, he tries to influence Jews to adopt certain moral values that have been neglected by halakic authorities. Although Berkovits regards these values as ancient, they are part of the modern world. The essay also argues that in a variety of ways Berkovits is a stronger critic of modernity than one might suppose.
Particle Breakage of Cement Ellipsoid Aggregate—Part I: Triaxial Compression Tests
Authors: Zhang Bing-yin , Jie Yu-xin , Kong De-zhi
Published: October 2013

Cement ellipsoid aggregate was adopted to simulate rockfill materials in laboratory tests. The specimen was prepared by mixing cement ellipsoids of four diameters in a particular ratio. Triaxial compression tests and isotropic compression tests were then conducted to investigate the macroscopic stress–strain relationship of the aggregate, and the crushing characteristics of the cement ellipsoids. The particle size distributions were analyzed after testing. No particle breakage occurred during the isotropic compression tests or the unloading–reloading process of the triaxial compression tests; this implied that breakage of the cement ellipsoids mainly occurs during the shearing process of loading. Sieving analysis showed that the sizes of the larger particles did not change much; crushing mainly produced small particles and, thus, changed the particle size distribution.
Spontaneous and Evoked Release Are Independently Regulated at Individual Active Zones
Authors: Melom Jan E. , Akbergenova Yulia , Gavornik Jeffrey P. , Littleton J. Troy
Published: October 2013

Neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicle fusion is the fundamental mechanism for neuronal communication at synapses. Evoked release following an action potential has been well characterized for its function in activating the postsynaptic cell, but the significance of spontaneous release is less clear. Using transgenic tools to image single synaptic vesicle fusion events at individual release sites (active zones) inDrosophila, we characterized the spatial and temporal dynamics of exocytotic events that occur spontaneously or in response to an action potential. We also analyzed the relationship between these two modes of fusion at single release sites. A majority of active zones participate in both modes of fusion, although release probability is not correlated between the two modes of release and is highly variable across the population. A subset of active zones is specifically dedicated to spontaneous release, indicating a population of postsynaptic receptors is uniquely activated by this mode of vesicle fusion. Imaging synaptic transmission at individual release sites also revealed general rules for spontaneous and evoked release, and indicate that active zones with similar release probability can cluster spatially within individual synaptic boutons. These findings suggest neuronal connections contain two information channels that can be spatially segregated and independently regulated to transmit evoked or spontaneous fusion signals.
Effects of the use of assisted reproduction and high-caloric diet consumption on body weight and cardiovascular health of juvenile mouse offspring
Authors: Schenewerk Angela L , Ramírez Francisco Í , Foote Christopher , Ji Tieming , Martínez-Lemus Luis A , Rivera Rocío Melissa
Published: October 2013

Maternal obesity and the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are two suboptimal developmental environments that can lead to offspring obesity and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that these environments independently and synergistically adversely affect the offspring's weight and cardiovascular performance at ∼7 weeks of age. Mice were fed either 24% fat and 17.5% high-fructose (HF) corn syrup or maintenance chow (5% fat; low-fat, no-fructose (LF)). Dams were subdivided into no ART and ART groups. ART embryos were cultured in Whitten's medium and transferred into pseudopregnant recipients consuming the same diet as the donor. Offspring were fed the same diet as the mother. Body weights (BW) were measured weekly and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was collected through carotid artery catheterization at killing (55±0.5 days old). Expression of genes involved in cardiovascular remodeling was measured in thoracic aorta using qRT-PCR, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured intracellularly and extracellularly in mesenteric resistance arteries. ART resulted in increased BW at weaning. This effect decreased over time and diet was the predominant determinant of BW by killing. Males had greater MAP than females (P=0.002) and HF consumption was associated with greater MAP regardless of sex (P<0.05). Gene expression was affected by sex (P<0.05) and diet (P<0.1). Lastly, the use of ART resulted in offspring with increased intracellular ROS (P=0.05). In summary, exposure to an obesogenic diet pre- and/or post-natally affects weight, MAP, and gene expression while ART increases oxidative stress in mesenteric resistance arteries of juvenile offspring, no synergistic effects were observed.
Diagnosis of cerebral hemorrhage before the era of computed tomography
Authors: Hofgárt Gergely , Szepesi Rita , Vámosi Bertalan , Csiba László
Published: October 2013

Introduction: During the past decades there has been a great progress in neuroimaging methods. Cranial computed tomography is part of the daily routine now and its use allows a fast diagnosis of parenchymal hemorrhage. However, before the availability of computed tomography the differentiation between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke was based on patient history, physical examination, percutan angiography and cerebrospinal fluid sampling, and the clinical utility could be evaluated by autopsy of deceased patients. Aim: The authors explored the diagnostic performance of cerebrospinal fluid examination for the diagnosis of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Method: Data of 200 deceased stroke patients were retrospectively evaluated. All patients had liquor sampling at admission and all of them had brain autopsy. Results: Bloody or yellowish cerebrospinal fluid at admission had a positive predictive value of 87.5% for hemorrhagic stroke confirmed by autopsy, while clear cerebrospinal fluid had positive predictive value of 90.7% for ischemic stroke. Patients who had clear liquor, but autopsy revealed hemorrhagic stroke had higher protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.09). Conclusions: The results confirm the importance of pathological evaluation of the brain in cases deceased from cerebral stroke. With this article the authors wanted to salute for those who contributed to the development of the Hungarian neuropathology. In this year we remember the 110th anniversary of the birth, and the 60th anniversary of the death of professor Kálmán Sántha. Professor László Molnár would be 90 years old in 2013. Orv. Hetil., 154 (44), 1743–1746.
History of the therapy of pernicious anemia
Authors: Jeney András
Published: October 2013

Increased blood cell regeneration in exsanguinated experimental animals treated either with liver or with aqueous liver extracts was reported by Whipple and by Jeney and Jobling, respectively. These findings stimulated Minot and Murphy to provide evidence for the efficacy of liver against anaemia in clinical studies. After oral administration of liver (45–50 g per day) for 45 patients with anaemia perniciosa improvement of the hematological status was demonstrated. Consequently, for proving the therapeutic value of liver therapy Whipple, Minot and Murphy received Nobel price in 1934. The isolation of the antianemic factor from the liver has been succeded in 1948 and designated as vitamin B12. At the same time Lucy Wills applied yeast for the treatment of pregnant women with anemia related to undernourisment. The conclusions of this study inspired the discovery of folate. The detailed investigation of the mode of action of vitamin B12and folate enriched our knowledge in the area of pathophysiology and extended the clinical application of these two drugs. Orv. Hetil., 154 (44), 1754–1758.
Desarrollo y evaluación psicométrica de una forma abreviada de la escala de posicionamiento ante el diagnóstico enfermero
Authors: Romero-Sánchez José Manuel , Paloma-Castro Olga , Paramio-Cuevas Juan Carlos , Pastor-Montero Sonia María , O'Ferrall-González Cristina , Gabaldón-Bravo Eva María , González-Domínguez María Eugenia , Castro-Yuste Cristina , Frandsen Anna J. , Martínez-Sabater Antonio
Published: October 2013

El Position on Nursing Diagnosis (PND) es una escala que utiliza la técnica del diferencial semántico para medir las actitudes hacia el concepto diagnóstico enfermero. El estudio objetivó desarrollar una forma abreviada de la versión española de esta escala, evaluar sus propiedades psicométricas y eficiencia. Se utilizó un doble enfoque empírico-teórico para obtener una forma reducida del PND, el PND-7-SV, que fuera equivalente a la original. Mediante un diseño transversal a través de encuesta, se evaluó la fiabilidad (consistencia interna y fiabilidad test-retest), validez de constructo (análisis factorial exploratorio, técnica de grupos conocidos y validez discriminante) y de criterio (validez concurrente), sensibilidad al cambio y eficiencia del PND-7-SV en una muestra de 476 estudiantes de enfermería españoles. Los resultados avalaron la utilidad del PND-7-SV para medir las actitudes hacia el diagnóstico enfermero de manera equivalente a la forma completa de la escala y en un tiempo más reducido.
Escala da dor: implantação para pacientes em pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca
Authors: Keller Clarissa , Paixão Adriana , Moraes Maria Antonieta , Rabelo Eneida Rejane , Goldmeier Silvia
Published: October 2013

Estudo de intervenção em serviço desenvolvido em um hospital especializado em cardiologia de Porto Alegre, RS, com o objetivo de avaliar a implementação da escala de dor para pacientes de pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Foi desenvolvido em quatro etapas: pré-teste sobre dor, treinamento com aula expositiva para a equipe de enfermagem, reaplicação do pré-teste em 30 e 60 dias. O teste continha dez questões com peso um para cada questão. Escores ≥7 foram determinantes para considerar o conhecimento satisfatório para uso da escala de dor. A amostra foi constituída por 57 profissionais de enfermagem. Os escores variaram de 6,12 ± 1,65 no pré-teste para 7,73 ± 1,05 e 8,18 ± 0,99 após 30 e 60 dias, respectivamente (p<0,005). A intensidade da dor foi correlacionada à medicação padronizada pelo protocolo. O conhecimento da equipe melhorou após a capacitação, assim como o tipo de analgesia administrada em relação à intensidade da dor.
The 15-minute family interview: a family health strategy tool
Authors: Silva Mariana Cristina Lobato dos Santos Ribeiro , Moules Nancy Jean , Silva Lucía , Bousso Regina Szylit
Published: October 2013

The 15-minute family interview is a condensed form of the Calgary Family Assessment and Intervention Models (CFAM and CFIM) that aims to contribute to the establishment of a therapeutic relationship between nurses and family and to implement interventions to promote health and suffering relief, even during brief interactions. This study investigated the experience of nurses from the Family Health Strategy (FHS) who used the 15-minute interview on postpartum home. The qualitative research was conducted in three stages: participants' training program, utilization of the 15-minute family interview by participants, and interviews with nurses. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight nurses. The thematic analysis revealed two main themes: dealing with the challenge of a new practice and evaluating the assignment. This work shows that this tool can be used to deepen relationships between nurses and families in the Family Health Strategy.
Os sentidos construídos na atenção à crise no território: o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial como protagonista
Authors: Willrich Janaína Quinzen , Kantorski Luciane Prado , Chiavagatti Fabieli Gopinger , Cortes Jandro Moraes , Antonacci Milena Hohmann
Published: October 2013

A atenção à crise é um ponto estratégico no processo de mudanças paradigmáticas propostas pela Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira, exigindo que serviços substitutivos e profissionais utilizem novas tecnologias de cuidado. Este estudo objetiva identificar as ações de atenção à crise no território e os sentidos que as envolvem, partindo das práticas discursivas dos profissionais. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que utiliza a perspectiva teórica do Construcionismo Social. No banco de dados da pesquisa Avaliação dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial da Região Sul do Brasil (CAPSUL), foram analisados 27 entrevistas realizadas com profissionais do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de Alegrete e três diários de campo com registro de 390 horas de observação. Os resultados evidenciaram o acolhimento e a responsabilização pelo cuidado. Conclui-se que liberdade, reciprocidade, contratualidade e responsabilização pelo cuidado são os novos sentidos necessários aos serviços substitutivos para superação do manicômio e dos sentidos de exclusão e periculosidade.
Cuidar de dependentes de substâncias psicoativas: percepções dos estudantes de enfermagem
Authors: Rocha Fernanda Mota , Vargas Divane de , Oliveira Márcia Aparecida Ferreira de , Bittencourt Marina Nolli
Published: October 2013

Estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa cujo objetivo foi conhecer as percepções de estudantes de enfermagem frente ao cuidado do dependente químico. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 17 estudantes de enfermagem de uma universidade pública da cidade de São Paulo, que desenvolveram estágio em serviços especializados no uso de álcool e drogas, no período de 2007 e 2009.Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo e a avaliação das falas permitiu evidenciar que o cuidar do dependente químico foi considerado interessante, porém difícil e desgastante. Como pontos positivos, os estudantes apontaram a discussão sobre a teoria e a vivência, o que possibilitou a transformação das concepções vinculadas a um modelo moral para outras, pautadas em modelos técnicos, científicos e éticos. Concluiu-se que essa estratégia de ensino pode contribuir para a mudança das percepções dos enfermeiros frente a esses pacientes.
Adesão às precauções-padrão por profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em terapia intensiva em um hospital universitário
Authors: Pereira Fernanda Maria Vieira , Malaguti-Toffano Silmara Elaine , Silva Adriana Maria da , Canini Silvia Rita Marin da Silva , Gir Elucir
Published: October 2013

Este estudo avaliou fatores individuais, relativos ao trabalho e organizacionais relacionados à adesão às precauções-padrão por profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em terapia intensiva. Estudo de corte transversal, realizado com 178 profissionais em um hospital de grande porte. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizadas escalas psicométricas do tipo Likert. Na Escala de Adesão às precauções-padrão obteve-se um escore de 4,45 (DP=0,27) classificado como intermediário. Houve correlação quando comparada com fatores individuais para Escala de Personalidade de Risco (r=-0,169; p=0,024) e fatores relativos ao trabalho com a Escala de Obstáculos para seguir as precauções-padrão (r=-0,359; p=0,000). A adesão às precauções-padrão entre profissionais de enfermagem foi intermediária. Fatores individuais e relativos ao trabalho influenciaram a adesão às precauções-padrão.
A visão dos trabalhadores da Atenção Básica acerca da presença de estudantes de enfermagem
Authors: Araujo Priscila Norié de , Viana Maria Aparecida Soares , Fortuna Cinira Magali , Matumoto Silvia , Clapis Maria José
Published: October 2013

Essa investigação qualitativa objetivou analisar a visão dos trabalhadores de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde quanto à presença no serviço de estudantes de graduação em enfermagem. Dezoito trabalhadores foram sujeitos de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, analisadas após transcrição. Na análise de conteúdo identificamos dois temas: A lentificação e a vivificação do serviço e O (des)preparo para aprender e ensinar. Os resultados apontam para um processo de parceria ensino-serviço ainda em construção, em que os trabalhadores sentem-se aprendendo, mas também desvalorizados. Com a presença dos estudantes, a dinâmica do trabalho é modificada, tornando-se mais lenta. Ao mesmo tempo, a presença estudantil interroga as formas hegemônicas de atender rapidamente. Evidencia-se expectativa de colaboração nas ações, havendo preferência pelos estudantes dos últimos anos que executam procedimentos e não requerem acompanhamento constante. Concluimos que a aproximação entre universidade e serviços da Atenção Básica expõe tensões que, se analisadas coletivamente, podem engendrar novas formas de cuidar, ensinar e aprender.