bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma miRNAs across the Alzheimer's disease continuum: Relationship to central biomarkers
Authors: Liu Shiwei , Park Tamina , Krüger Dennis M. , Pena‐Centeno Tonatiuh , Burkhardt Susanne , Schutz Anna‐Lena , Huang Yen‐Ning , Rosewood Thea , Chaudhuri Soumilee , Cho MinYoung , Risacher Shannon L. , Wan Yang , Shaw Leslie M. , Sananbenesi Farahnaz , Brodsky Alexander S. , Lin Honghuang , Krunic Andre , Blusztajn Jan Krzysztof , Saykin Andrew J. , Delalle Ivana , Fischer Andre , Nho Kwangsik ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in gene expression regulation and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis.

METHODS

We investigated the association between baseline plasma miRNAs and central AD biomarkers from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; N = 803): amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration (A/T/N). Differentially expressed miRNAs and their targets were identified, followed by pathway enrichment analysis. Machine learning approaches were applied to investigate the role of miRNAs as blood biomarkers.

RESULTS

We identified nine, two, and eight miRNAs significantly associated with A/T/N positivity, respectively. We identified 271 genes targeted by amyloid‐related miRNAs with estrogen signaling receptor–mediated signaling among the enriched pathways. Additionally, 220 genes targeted by neurodegeneration‐related miRNAs showed enrichment in pathways including the insulin growth factor 1 pathway. The classification performance of demographic information for A/T/N positivity was increased up to 9% with the inclusion of miRNAs.

DISCUSSION

Plasma miRNAs were associated with central A/T/N biomarkers, highlighting their potential as blood biomarkers.

Highlights

We performed association analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs) with amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (A/T/N) biomarker positivity.

We identified dysregulated miRNAs for A/T/N biomarker positivity.

We identified Alzheimer's disease biomarker‐specific/common pathways related to miRNAs.

miRNAs improved the classification for A/T/N positivity by up to 9%.

Our study highlights the potential of miRNAs as blood biomarkers.
Development of a chronic compression spinal cord injury model in neonatal and adult rats
Authors: Ridlen Reggie , Marsters Victoria , Clarke Elizabeth , McGrath Kristine , Gorrie Catherine A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Spinal cord injury presents a significant burden globally, with traumatic spinal cord injury being the predominant cause historically. However, nontraumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI) is emerging as a significant contributor, particularly in developed nations, yet it remains poorly understood due to underreporting and misclassification. NTSCI, spanning various etiologies such as bony growths, vascular conditions, infections, neoplastic conditions, and immune disorders, poses unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment, often resulting in lifelong morbidity. This study addresses the lack of suitable animal models for NTSCI research, especially in neonatal animals.

Methods

Utilizing a solid spacer approach, we developed a compression NTSCI model applicable to both neonatal and adult Sprague–Dawley rats.

Results

Through anatomical measurements and in vivo experiments, we confirmed the feasibility and safety of the spacer insertion procedure and observed no acute off‐target effects.

Conclusion

The versatility of this model lies in its adaptability to different ages of rats, offering a cost‐effective and reproducible means to induce graded injuries. Moreover, behavioral assessments demonstrated observable hindlimb function, validating the model's utility for studying functional outcomes. Although challenges persist, particularly in accounting for spinal column growth in neonatal animals, this model fills a crucial gap in pediatric NTSCI research. By providing a platform to investigate pathophysiological mechanisms and test potential treatments, it offers promising avenues for advancing our understanding and management of pediatric NTSCI.
Multi‐Scale Hierarchical Organic Photocatalytic Platform for Self‐Suspending Sacrificial Hydrogen Production from Seawater
Authors: Zhu Jingshuai , Dang Jie , Xiao Haoyuan , Wang Yuqi , Ding Lei , Zheng Jiaxin , Chen Jianming , Zhang Jianxiang , Wang Xungai , Xin John H. , Chen Shiguo , Wang Yuanfeng
Published: September 2024

The widespread application of photocatalysis for converting solar energy and seawater into hydrogen is generally hindered by limited catalyst activity and the lack of sustainable large‐scale platforms. Here, a multi‐scale hierarchical organic photocatalytic platform was developed, combining a photosensitive molecular heterojunction with a molecular‐scale gradient energy level alignment and micro‐nanoscale hierarchical pore structures. The ternary system facilitates efficient charge transfer and enhances photocatalytic activity compared to conventional donor‐acceptor pairs. Meanwhile, the super‐wetted hierarchical interfaces of the platform endow it with the ability to repeatedly capture light and self‐suspend below the water surface, which simultaneously improves the light utilization efficiency, and reduces the adverse effects of salt deposition. Under a Xe lamp illumination, the hydrogen evolution rate of this organic platform utilizing a sacrificial agent can reach 165.8 mmol h−1 m−2, exceeding that of mostly inorganic systems as reported. And upon constructing a scalable system, the platform produced 80.6 ml m−2 of hydrogen from seawater within five hours at noon. More importantly, the outcomes suggest an innovative multi‐scale approach that bridges disciplines, advancing the frontier of sustainable seawater hydrogen production driven by solar energy.
The Nature of Structural Defects in ZIF‐8 Revealed with 1H and 31P MAS NMR and X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Gabrienko Anton A. , Chaemchuen Somboon , Kou Zongkui , Ogiwara Naoki , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Khudozhitkov Alexander E. , Stepanov Alexander G. , Kolokolov Daniil I. , Verpoort Francis
Published: September 2024

The metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) attract interest as potential catalysts whose catalytic properties are driven by defects. Several methods have been proposed for the defects‐inducing synthesis of MOFs. However, the active species formed on the defective sites remain elusive and uncharacterized, as the spectroscopic fingerprints of these species are hidden by the regular structure signals. In this work, we have performed the synthesis of ZIF‐8 MOF with defect‐inducing procedures using fully deuterated 2‐methylimidazolate ligands to enhance the defective sites′ visibility. By combining 1H and 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, we have found evidence for the presence of different structural hydroxyl Zn−OH groups in the ZIF‐8 materials. It is demonstrated that the ZIF‐8 defect sites are represented by Zn−OH hydroxyl groups with the signals at 0.3 and −0.7 ppm in the 1H MAS NMR spectrum. These species are of basic nature and may be responsible for the catalytic activity of the ZIF‐8 material.
Low‐Temperature Flexibility of Chiral Organic Crystals with Highly Efficient Second‐Harmonic Generation
Authors: Lin Jiawei , Zhou Jianmin , Wang Zhihua , Li Liang , Li Maolin , Xu Jialiang , Wu Songgu , Naumov Panče , Gong Junbo
Published: September 2024

Flexible crystals with unique mechanical properties have presented potential for applications in optoelectronics, soft robotics and sensors. However, there have been no reports of low‐temperature‐resistant flexible crystals with second‐order nonlinear optical properties (NLO). Here, we report flexible chiral Schiff‐base crystals capable of efficient second harmonic generation (SHG). Both enantiomers and the racemic form of these crystals are mechanically flexible in two directions at both room temperature and at 77 K, although their mechanical responses differ. The enantiomers display SHG with an intensity of up to 12 times that of potassium dihydrogenphosphate (KDP) when pumped at 980 nm, and they also have high laser‐induced damage thresholds (LDT). Even when bent, the crystals retain strong second harmonic generation, although with a different intensity distribution depending on the polarization, compared to when they are straight. This work describes the first instance of flexible organic single‐crystalline material with NLO properties and lays the foundation for the development of mechanically flexible organic NLO materials.
Exchange of CO2 with CO as Reactant Switches Selectivity in Photoreduction on Co−ZrO2 from C1–3 Paraffin to Small Olefins
Authors: Loumissi Tarik , Ishii Rento , Hara Keisuke , Oyumi Tomoki , Abe Ikki , Li Chongxu , Zhang Hongwei , Hirayama Rumiko , Niki Kaori , Itoi Takaomi , Izumi Yasuo
Published: September 2024

Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into C2,3 hydrocarbons completes a C‐neutral cycle. The reaction pathways of photocatalytic generation of C2,3 paraffin and C2H4 from CO2 are mostly unclear. Herein, a Co0−ZrO2 photocatalyst converted CO2 into C1–3 paraffin, while selectively converting CO into C2H4 and C3H6 (6.0±0.6 μmol h−1 gcat−1, 70 mol %) only under UV/Visible light. The photocatalytic cycle was conducted under 13CO and H2, with subsequent evacuation and flushing with CO. This iterative process led to an increase in the population of C2H4 and C3H6 up to 61–87 mol %, attributed to the accumulation of CH2 species at the interface between Co0 nanoparticles and the ZrO2 surface. CO2 adsorbed onto the O vacancies of the ZrO2 surface, with resulting COH species undergoing hydrogenation on the Co0 surface to yield C1–3 paraffin using either H2 or H2O (g, l) as the reductant. In contrast, CO adsorbed on the Co0 surface, converted to HCOH species, and then split into CH and OH species at the Co and O vacancy sites on ZrO2, respectively. This comprehensive study elucidates intricate photocatalytic pathways governing the transformation of CO2 into paraffin and CO to olefins.
Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Desymmetrization of 1,1’‐Biaryl‐2,6‐Dicarbaldehydes by Copper‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Addition of Silicon Nucleophiles
Authors: Xiao Yao , Zhao Zhi‐Yuan , Irran Elisabeth , Oestreich Martin
Published: September 2024

A desymmetrizing 1,2‐addition of silicon nucleophiles to biaryl derivatives containing an 2,6‐dicarbaldehyde‐1‐yl unit is reported. The reaction is catalyzed by copper with a triazolium‐ion‐derived N‐heterocyclic carbene as the chiral ligand and makes use of an Si–B reagent as the silicon pronucleophile. The practical methodology furnishes axially chiral aromatic carbaldehydes decorated with a centrally chiral α‐hydroxysilane moiety in moderate to good yields and with high enantio‐ as well as excellent diastereoselectivities. The silicon nucleophile always attacks at the diastereotopic face of either carbonyl group away from the ortho substituent on the phenyl ring at C1 of the 2,6‐dicarbaldehyde‐1‐yl fragment. The resulting axially and centrally chiral products can be further converted into valuable biaryl compounds with hardly any erosion of the enantiomeric excess.
Chemical Synergic Stabilization of High Br‐Content Mixed‐Halide Wide‐Bandgap Perovskites for Durable Multi‐Terminal Tandem Solar Cells with Minimized Pb Leakage
Authors: Yang Meifang , Tan Ying , Yang Guo , Chang Xueqing , Tian Tian , Li Wen‐Guang , Fang Yuxuan , Shen Jinliang , Yang Shaopeng , Wu Wu‐Qiang
Published: September 2024

High Br‐content lead mixed‐halide perovskites with wide‐bandgap (WBG) of 1.6–2.0 eV have showcased vast potential to be used in tandem solar cells. However, WBG perovskites often suffer from severe halide segregation, phase separation and ion migration under the stress of light, heat, moisture and electric bias, which would accelerate the decomposition of perovskite films and thus deteriorate the photovoltaic performance and even aggravate the lead leakage from damaged devices. Here, we report a novel chemical synergic interaction strategy to mitigate the abovementioned issues in WBG perovskites. To achieve that, a small amount of cationic β‐cyclodextrin, composed of multiple ammonium cations, chlorine ions and abundant hydroxyl functional groups, was introduced into WBG perovskites, which effectively stabilized the halide ions and homogenized the phase distribution, comprehensively passivated the crystallographic defects, as well as efficiently immobilized the Pb2+ ions. Encouragingly, the cationic β‐cyclodextrin was universal and useful for different WBG perovskite compositions (i.e. 1.68 eV, 1.79 eV and 1.99 eV), which favorably boosted the efficiencies by 10 %–36 % and extended the operational stability of resultant devices to 2680 h. The four‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem and six‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem solar cells integrated with different WBG perovskite sub‐cells exhibited efficiencies up to 24.39 % and 22.42 %, respectively. More importantly, we demonstrated the cationic β‐cyclodextrin‐assisted internal chemical encapsulation effectively prevented the Pb leakage when the devices were severely damaged and immersed in water. Surprisingly, there was only 5.63 ppb Pb leaching out for the single‐junction devices, far below than the U.S. standard for safe drinking water (<15 ppb). The target tandem solar cells with cationic β‐cyclodextrin modification also realized a Pb sequestration efficiency of 93.4 % under the most adverse environment.
Copper(I) Complexes With Phenanthroline‐Functionalized NHC Ligands Achieve Effective Anticancer Activity via Mitochondrial and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Chen Chao , Zheng Yilun , Rao Hong , Huang Fan , Shen Chao , Lu Chunxin
Published: September 2024

Copper complexes exhibit promising anticancer properties, which can be further promoted by suitable ligands. In this study, we synthesized and investigated the anticancer effects of three copper(I) complexes with N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands derived from phenanthroline‐functionalized imidazole salts. The synthesis of these NHC‐copper(I) complexes (Cu1‐Cu3) was meticulously characterized using NMR and elemental analysis; their crystal structures were further delineated by X‐ray diffraction. Our findings illustrate the unique geometric configurations of these complexes: Cu1 features a dinuclear arrangement with off‐linear geometry; Cu2 and Cu3 are characterized by a bi‐copper core stabilized by two phenanthroline‐modified carbene ligands. Crucially, in vitro cytotoxic evaluations revealed that these complexes possess suitability anticancer activity. Among them, Cu2 exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity activity, achieving a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 4.36 ± 0.25 μM in colon cancer cell line HCT‐116, markedly surpassing the efficacy of cisplatin. Subsequent investigations elucidated that Cu2 notably increases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization and endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to oxidative stress‐mediated apoptosis of colon cancer cells.
Singlet Oxygen‐Triggered Release of Nitric Oxide in an Endoperoxide‐Arginine Conjugate
Authors: Zhang Guangyu , Wang Lei , Qiao Yuan , Sun Rensong , Liu Ziang , Akkaya Engin U.
Published: September 2024

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule in both healthy and pathological processes. In this work, we present the first example of a novel class of organic NO‐donor compounds with minimal toxicity. The release is driven by the reaction of singlet oxygen spontaneously produced by the cycloreversion reaction of the endoperoxide. Cell culture and imaging data confirms the release of NO in this bimodular system.
Quadrotor attitude control with a modified fixed‐time synergetic controller: A geometric analysis and experimental validation
Authors: Achour Saadi , Mokhtari Khalil , Rahmoune Abdelaziz
Published: September 2024

This article proposes a novel modified fixed‐time synergetic control (MFTSC) approach to address the quadrotor control problem in the presence of external disturbances. In contrast to previous fixed‐time synergetic control (FTSC) methods, the proposed approach employs an aggregate macrovariable expression with independent fractional powers. This expression expands the set of real numbers that the parameters of the fractional power can take, leading to a significantly higher rate of convergence toward optimal control parameters (more than 28‐fold), as demonstrated through geometric analysis. The stability of the proposed control system is established, and numerical simulations and experimental validation are conducted using a quadrotor test bench to corroborate the theoretical results.
Effect of Chloride Ions on the Electrochemical Performance of Magnesium Metal‐Organic‐Frameworks‐Based Semi‐Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Elnagar Mohamed M. , Hassan Hagar K. , Kibler Ludwig A. , Jacob Timo
Published: September 2024

The majority of research on magnesium (Mg) electrolytes has focused on enhancing reversible Mg deposition, often employing chloride‐containing electrolytes. However, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding the influence of chloride ions in semi‐solid Mg electrolytes. In this study, we systematically explore the impact of chloride ions on Mg deposition/dissolution on a copper (Cu) anode using a semi‐solid electrolyte composed of Mg‐based mixed metal‐organic frameworks, MgCl2 and Mg[TFSI]2. We separate the Mg deposition/dissolution process from changes in the anode's surface morphology In this respect, the morphological and compositional transformations in the electrolyte and electrode following galvanostatic cycling are meticulously investigated. Initial potential cycling reveals the feasibility of Mg deposition/dissolution on Cu electrodes, albeit with reduced reversibility in subsequent cycles. Extending the upper potential limit to 4.0 V vs. Mg/Mg2+ enhances Mg dissolution, attributed to chloride ions facilitating Cu surface dissolution. Our findings provide insights into optimizing semi‐solid electrolytes for advanced Magnesium battery technologies.
Evaluating video feedback to improve eSports performance in Street Fighter V
Authors: White Romel , Miltenberger Raymond , Concepcion Anthony
Published: September 2024

eSports is a newly rising field with rapidly increasing cultural validity. Despite the wide array of similarities between eSports and traditional sports, behavioral skill acquisition interventions have yet to be applied to video game skills. Although video feedback has been established as effective for traditional sports, further research is needed to validate its efficacy as a standalone intervention. In this study, the effects of video feedback were analyzed with three participants in a nonconcurrent multiple baseline across subjects design. Participants performed a specific in‐game behavior (an anti‐air attack) in a controlled match against the researcher, then viewed recordings of their performance and received positive and corrective feedback from the researchers. The generalization of the skill improvement was evaluated through the rate of successful skill implementation in ranked online matches. Results showed that the video feedback intervention improved performance over baseline for all participants and generalized to online matches.
Plectalibertellenone A suppresses colorectal cancer cell motility and glucose metabolism by targeting TGF‐β/Smad and Wnt pathways
Authors: Gamage Chathurika D. B. , Kim Jeong‐Hyeon , Zhou Rui , Park So‐Yeon , Pulat Sultan , Varlı Mücahit , Nam Sang‐Jip , Kim Hangun
Published: September 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer‐related death and represents a serious worldwide health problem. CRC metastasis decreases the survival rate of cancer patients, underscoring the need to identify novel anticancer agents and therapeutic targets. Here, we introduce Plectalibertellenone A (B) as a promising agent for the inhibition of CRC cell motility and glucose metabolism and explore its mechanism of action in CRC cells. Plectalibertellenone A suppressed TGF‐β gene expression and the activation of the TGF‐β/Smad signaling pathway, leading to reverse epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) by modulating the expressions of EMT markers and transcriptional factors such as E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, vimentin, Slug, Snail, Twist, and ZEB1/2. Furthermore, disruption of Wnt signaling inhibited CRC motility and glucose metabolism including glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, primarily affecting glycolytic enzymes, GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, LDHA, and HIF‐1α under hypoxic condition. Therefore, Plectalibertellenone A is a potential drug candidate that can be developed into a promising anticancer treatment to prevent CRC metastasis and inhibit glucose metabolism.
Active diagnostic ingredients (ADIs) for PCR: A mini‐bioreactor producing dNTPs with silica immobilized R5‐kinases
Authors: Bird Anna R. , Hall Elizabeth A. H.
Published: September 2024

Low availability of routine nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) during infection outbreaks, especially in less resourced environments, was highlighted by the Covid pandemic. One of the barriers lies with the supply chain and cost of the active diagnostic ingredients (ADIs) that are the reagents for NAATs. This work explores a novel synthesis method to produce a key NAAT reagent, namely the 2′‐deoxynucleoside 5′‐triphosphate (dNTPs), via a reusable enzyme bioreactor, that can be integrated into a NAAT workflow. A self‐immobilizing R5‐silaffin kinase fusion enzyme was designed for immobilization on silica, converting dNMPs to their respective dNTP ADIs for PCR in a R5‐kinase mini‐bioreactor, designed to be implemented in a reusable device, stable over 2 months, when stored at 4°C. The performance is demonstrated for PCR reactions of the lambda genome and showed successful amplification up to 7.5 kb. In comparison with commercial dNTPs, in Plasmodium malariae NAATs, a high linear correlation was shown between the Ct value and the log(Copy Number), with lower incidence of false positives than with the commercial dNTPs. Overall a pathway to generate deoxynucleotides from monophosphate precursors was demonstrated, and an immobilized enzyme mini‐bioreactor investigated as a proof‐of‐principle for work‐flow integration with NAAT in low‐resource research and diagnostics labs.
Investigation of Phytochemical Composition, Radical Scavenging Potential, Anti‐Obesogenic Effects, and Anti‐Diabetic Activities of Kaempferia parviflora Rhizomes
Authors: Prabakaran Sangeetha , Saad Hazwani Mat , Tan Chun Hoe , Syed Abdul Rahman Syarifah Nur , Sim Kae Shin
Published: September 2024

Kaempferia parviflora or commonly known as “Kunyit hitam” by locals, is an edible plant, native to tropical regions, has been extensively utilized for culinary and medicinal applications. The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition and biological activities of the rhizomes of K. parviflora. The ethanol crude and fractionated extracts (hexane and chloroform) of the rhizomes were evaluated for their total phenolic content, total steroidal content, as well as antioxidant, anti‐obesogenic, and anti‐diabetic activities. The chloroform extract demonstrated the highest concentration of plant sterols (432±0.23 mg BSE/g extract) and a substantial amount of phenolic compounds (1.19×103±0.41 mg GAE/g extract). Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed that the chloroform extract of the rhizomes is predominantly composed of bioactive flavonoids including tectochrysin (1), 5,7‐dimethoxyflavone (2), 3,5,7‐trimethoxyflavone (3), 3,4’,5,7‐tetramethoxyflavone (4), and 4’,5,7‐trimethoxyflavone (5). Furthermore, the chloroform extract exhibited the highest overall radical scavenging and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities, which can be attributed to the presence of compounds 1–5 in the extract. Collectively, these findings suggest that the chloroform extract of the rhizomes of K. parviflora is a potentially valuable source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti‐obesogenic, and anti‐diabetic properties, with potential application in therapeutics and functional foods.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Bismuth Ferrites Nanoparticles in the Inhibition of E. Coli and S. Aureus Bacteria
Authors: Pancotti Alexandre , de Barros Souza Mauro Vinícius , Santos Abreu Amanda , Rodrigues Rezende Stefane , Lázaro Moreli Marcos , Uceda Otero Enrique , Landers Richard , Soares Roniere , Wang Jiale
Published: September 2024

In this work, bismuth ferrites (BFO) nanoparticles were produced in the form of using sol‐gel technique, followed by annealing in a tube furnace in temperatures from 400 °C to 650 °C. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the formation of small sizes nanoparticles (NPs) with high purity. Structural analysis displayed that annealing at 600 °C could make BFO NPs be fitted to rhombohedral space group (R3c), with small quantity of spurious phases. The sizes of the BFO nanoparticles determined by transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) are between 50 to 100 nm. To evaluate the efficiency of BFO in antimicrobial susceptibility tests, the nanoparticles were dispersed through cand tested agar diffusion method and dilution in a 96 well plate using a Gram‐positive strains (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative strain (Escherichia coli). The antibacterial activity of the BFO NPs was tested at concentrations of 2 mg/mL with MIC greater than 60 μg/mL for both bacteria.
Outcomes of transcatheter closure for coronary artery fistulas with or without aneurysm: A comparative study
Authors: Wei Peijian , Pu Zuo , Chan Jeffrey S. K. , Li Yihang , Xu Liang , Wan Junyi , Zhang Fengwen , Tse Gary , Wang Shouzheng , Ouyang Wenbin , Zhang Gejun , Fang Fang , Pan Xiangbin
Published: September 2024

Background

Coronary Artery Fistulas (CAFs) Patients with aneurysm may face severe complications, necessitating prompt treatment. However, data on the outcomes of transcatheter closure in CAFs patients with aneurysm are notably scarce.

Methods

This retrospective study included all consecutive CAFs patients who underwent transcatheter closure at Fuwai Hospital from January 2010 to December 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of aneurysm, and baseline characteristics, anatomical features, and transcatheter closure outcomes were further compared.

Results

The study ultimately included 104 patients, consisting of 56 in the aneurysm group and 48 in the non‐aneurysm group. Patients in the aneurysm group were younger [39.79 (16.35) versus 50.69 (13.31) years, p < 0.001] and more frequently present with heart murmurs (21.43% vs. 6.25%, p = 0.03). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that a larger fistula diameter and the presence of CCFs are independent risk factors for the presence of aneurysm in CAF patients. The procedural success rate (75% vs. 75%, P = 1), fistula recanalization rate (11.11% vs. 16.67%, p = 0.42), and reintervention rate (3.7% vs. 6.25%, p = 0.89) were similar between the aneurysm and non‐aneurysm groups.

Conclusion

A larger fistula diameters and the presence of coronary‐cameral fistulas are independent risk factors for the occurrence of aneurysms in patients with CAFs. The outcomes of transcatheter closure are comparable for CAFs patients with and without aneurysm, though post‐closure thrombosis within the fistula appears to be more common in patients with aneurysm.
Valorization of Glycerol to Glycerol Carbonate and Glycidol by Different Dialkyl Carbonates Utilizing Tricalcium Aluminate Hexahydrate as Transesterification Catalyst
Authors: Szabó Yvette , Nagy Sándor Balázs , Anna Ádám Adél , Mészáros Rebeka , Kónya Zoltán , Kukovecz Ákos , Sipos Pál , Szabados Márton
Published: September 2024

In this study, we report a base‐catalyzed transesterification reaction of glycerol, a waste product of the biodiesel industry, with various dialkyl carbonates, which act both as reactants and solvents, to convert glycerol carbonate into an industrially useful molecular building block. The catalyst, being used for the first time, is also a waste product from industry, present in bauxite residues and in the Portland cement, simply known as tricalcium aluminate. Despite being well‐known and readily available, this solid is only extremely poorly researched catalyst, nevertheless, using dimethyl and diethyl carbonate, glycerol conversion rates >80% and glycerol carbonate yields >60% could be achieved in just 1 h (under air atmosphere and reflux). In a comparison of the performance with other catalysts commonly researched today, as well as with other components of red mud and cements, the results showed that tricalcium aluminate is excellent, cheap, and largely environmentally friendly material for this purpose. Reusability studies of the catalysts have also shown that they provide high conversion and product yields even after repeated use, although different material characterization techniques showed intense glycerol‐catalyst surface interaction and intermediate product formation, the deactivating side effects of which could be avoided by catalyst regeneration steps.
Advances in Catalytic Hydrogenation of Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs) Using High‐Purity and Low‐Purity Hydrogen
Authors: Ramadhani Safira , Dao Quan Nguyen , Imanuel Yoel , Ridwan Muhammad , Sohn Hyuntae , Jeong Hyangsoo , Kim Keunsoo , Yoon Chang Won , Song Kwang Ho , Kim Yongmin
Published: September 2024

Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are emerging as a promising solution for global hydrogen logistics. The LOHC process involves two primary chemical reactions: hydrogenation for hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation for hydrogen reconversion. In the exothermic hydrogenation reaction, hydrogen‐lean compounds are converted to hydrogen‐rich compounds, storing hydrogen from various sources such as water electrolysis, fossil fuel reforming, biomass processing, and industrial by‐products. Conversely, hydrogen is extracted from hydrogen‐rich compounds through an endothermic dehydrogenation reaction and supplied to several hydrogenation utilization offtakers. This review article discusses the development trends in catalytic hydrogenation processes for various LOHC materials, including benzene, toluene, naphthalene, biphenyl‐diphenylmethane, benzyltoluene, dibenzyltoluene, and N‐ethylcarbazole. It introduces references for catalytic hydrogenation processes utilizing both high‐purity and low‐purity (alternatively, mixed) hydrogen feedstocks, with particular emphasis on low‐purity hydrogen applications. The direct storage of hydrogen with minimal purification, using by‐product hydrogen and mixed hydrogen from hydrocarbon and biomass reforming, is crucial for the economic viability of this hydrogen carrier system.
Improved Heat Transfer Capabilities of Nanofluids—An Assessment Through CFD Analysis
Authors: Khalid Rehan Zubair , Iqbal Mehmood , Hassan Aitazaz , Haris Syed Muhammad , Ullah Atta
Published: September 2024

Conventional fluids used in fission‐based water‐cooled nuclear reactors have lower heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) and thermal conductivity, which has led researchers to explore high‐performance fluids that can enhance heat transfer in routine operation and prevent core meltdown in the case of accidents. It is important to investigate a wide range of fluids that can help designers improve thermal hydraulic characteristics, such as HTC, critical heat flux, and minimum departure from nucleate boiling ratio (MDNBR). In this study, the effectiveness of nanofluids in enhancing heat transfer parameters, including thermal conductivity and heat capacity, was investigated. Four different nanofluids (Al2O3–H2O, ZrO2–H2O, Ag–H2O, and Si–H2O) with pure water as the primary coolant in an HPR‐1000 nuclear reactor were compared using computational methods. Due to computational limitations, only the flow channel among four fuel rods with the highest power density in the core was simulated using Eulerian computational fluid dynamics. The results of this study show that silver water (Ag–H2O) nanofluid outperformed other nanofluids and pure water. It had a higher average HTC and MDNBR, with a 67.15 % and 45.23 % improvement, respectively, compared to pure water. The fuel rod wall temperature was also reduced by 28.5 K with Ag–H2O compared to water. Comparison of current simulated results with literature data shows a good agreement.
Improvement of Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with Conjugated Organic Polymers by Rational Modulation of Donor, Acceptor and Bonding Method
Authors: Li Xinhao , Ma Tiantian , Dou Zhiyuan , Wang Qingqing , Cai Hanwen , Gu Guoxian
Published: September 2024

The use of metal‐free catalysts to convert CO2 into valuable chemicals is very challenging. Here, we synthesized a conjugated organic polymer (TpTf‐1) featuring 2,4,6‐Triphenyl‐1,3,5‐Triazine as the acceptor unit, triphenylamine as the donor unit, and vinylidene bond as the linkage. The local structure of donor‐acceptor (D−A) forms an intramolecular electric field that can promote the separation of photogenerated electrons and charges, meanwhile, the vinylidene bond can further change the charge distribution to promote exciton dissociation. Without the use of photosensitizers, the TpTf‐1 exhibits outstanding selectivity of CO of up to 91.96 %, with a production rate of 45.2 μmol g−1 h−1 at visible light, which is 3.4‐fold than TaTf‐1 with the same D−A structure but linking in imine bond and is 2.8‐fold than TpTf‐2 linking in vinylidene bond but with a different donor unit. Moreover, TpTf‐1 has a CO production rate of up to 117.3 μmol g−1 h−1 under full wavelength light irradiation.
An Electrosynthesis of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles from N‐Acyl Hydrazones
Authors: Chen Luke , Thompson James D. F. , Jamieson Craig
Published: September 2024

The 1,3,4‐oxadiazole is a widely encountered motif in the areas of pharmaceuticals, materials, and agrochemicals. This work has established a mediated electrochemical synthesis of 2,5‐disubstituted 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles from N‐acyl hydrazones. Using DABCO as the optimal redox mediator has enabled a mild oxidative cyclisation, without recourse to stoichiometric oxidants. In contrast to previous methods, this indirect electrochemical oxidation has enabled a broad range of substrates to be accessed, with yields of up to 83 %, and on gram scale. The simplicity of the method has been further demonstrated by the development of a one‐pot procedure, directly transforming readily available aldehydes and hydrazides into valuable heterocycles.
Decarboxylative and Decarbonylative Borylation of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives†
Authors: Li Xiaoxian , Wu Lipeng
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Boronate esters are highly valued in synthetic and pharmaceutical industries for their versatility in creating C—C and C—X bonds. They also find applications as catalysts in chemical transformations as well as stimuli‐responsive materials in materials science. Some alkyl boronates themselves also show promising applications in medicinal chemistry. In the past few decades, chemists have been devoted to developing new methods or new starting materials for synthesizing boronate esters. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives are privileged chemical entities due to their readily availability or natural abundance, structural diversity, and chemical stability. Hence, the transformation of carboxylic acid and their derivatives to alkyl/aryl boronate esters has seen its fast development in the past decade. This review summarized the state‐to‐art development of decarboxylative and decarbonylative borylation of carboxylic acids and their derivatives to aryl and alkyl boronate esters.

Key Scientists

The decarboxylative and decarbonylative borylation of carboxylic acids and their derivatives started only in the past decade. In 2016, the decarbonylative borylation of carboxylic esters and amides was reported by Zhuangzhi Shi and Magnus Reuping's groups. Then, in 2017, studies on the decarboxylative borylation of redox‐active esters such as NHPI esters started to receive increasing attention by Aggarwal, Baran, Fu, Glorius, and Li's groups. From 2018 to 2023, large numbers of studies on the decarboxylative and decarbonylative borylation of carboxylic acids and their derivatives using transition‐metal‐catalyst, organo‐catalyst, or under photochemical or electrochemical conditions emerged. Due to space limitations, only pictures of scientists who have contributed more than two works in this area are shown herein.
Highly Stable Binary Cross‐Linkable Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials Using Different Acceptors Based on Huisgen Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhang Weijun , Bo Shuhui , He Wenlong , Liu Chuying , Wang Jiahai , Liu Fenggang
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive Summary

How to obtain organic electro‐optic materials with large electro‐optic coefficients, high glass transition temperature, and good optical transparency remains a challenge in this field. To solve this problem, we introduce groups that can undergo Huisgen cycloaddition reactions into the donor and electron bridge of chromophores with large hyperpolarizability using tetrahydroquinoline as the donor. Binary cross‐linkable chromophores TLD1‐2 with CF3‐TCF as the acceptor and chromophores TLD3‐4 with 5Fph‐TCF as the acceptor were synthesized. After poling and crosslinking, the Tg of TLD1/TLD2 and TLD3/TLD4 were raised to 152 and 174 °C, respectively. The electro‐optical coefficients of chromophores TLD1/TLD2 and TLD3/TLD4 were as high as 312 pm/V and 287 pm/V, respectively. The long‐term alignment stability test showed that after being left at 85 °C for 500 h, the cross‐linked film TLD3/TLD4 can still maintain more than 98% of the original electro‐optical coefficient value, which is higher than that of TLD1/TLD2 (93%). The chromophore TLD3‐4 exhibited much blue‐shifted maximum absorption wavelengths (~40 nm) compared to TLD1‐2 which was beneficial for reducing optical loss in the device. The combination of high electro‐optic coefficient, strong stability, and excellent optical transparency makes the TLD series of binary cross‐linked materials very promising for practical high‐performance electro‐optic devices.
A Predictive Nomogram of In‐Hospital Mortality After 48 h for Atrial Fibrillation Patients in the Coronary Care Unit
Authors: Wang Wenhui , Liu Linlin , Jin Lu , Hu Bo
Published: September 2024

Background

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) suffer a higher risk of death, and it is necessary to develop prediction tools for mortality risk in critically ill patients with AF. This study aimed to develop a novel predictive nomogram of in‐hospital mortality after 48 h in the coronary care unit (CCU) for patients with AF.

Methods

We collected information on CCU patients with AF from the “Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care‐III” database and developed a nomogram model for predicting the all‐cause mortality risk after 48 h in the hospital. Key variables were selected by univariate logistic and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. The independent predictors with p < 0.05 were screened out by multivariate logistic regression. A predictive nomogram was constructed using these independent predictors, and the model calibration and discrimination were evaluated.

Results

This study finally enrolled 1248 CCU patients with AF, and the in‐hospital mortality was 17% (209/1248). The predictive nomogram was constructed by 13 selected independent predictors, including age, smoking status, acute kidney injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ventricular arrhythmia, shock, urea, red cell distribution width, leucocytosis, continuous renal replacement therapy, continuous positive airway pressure, anticoagulation, and heart rate. The area under the curve of the nomogram was 0.803 (95% confidence interval 0.771–0.835). The nomogram was verified to have good accuracy and calibration.

Conclusions

This study developed a novel nomogram containing age, acute kidney injury, and heart rate that can be a good predictor of potential in‐hospital mortality after 48 h in CCU patients with AF.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesis of Pyrazoline Derivatives as Potential Antagonists of RAGE‐Mediated Pathologies: Insights from SAR Studies and Biological Evaluations
Authors: Dascălu Anca‐Elena , Furman Christophe , Lancel Steve , Lipka Emmanuelle , Liberelle Maxime , Boulanger Eric , Ghinet Alina
Published: September 2024

In the context of age‐related disorders, the receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE), plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of these conditions by triggering downstream signaling pathways associated with chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Targeting this inflammaging phenomenon with RAGE antagonists holds promise for interventions with broad implications in healthy aging and the management of age‐related conditions. This study explores the structure‐activity relationship (SAR) of pyrazoline‐based RAGE antagonists synthesized using an ultrasound‐assisted green one‐pot two‐steps methodology. Our investigation identifies phenylurenyl‐pyrazoline 2 g as a promising candidate, demonstrating superior efficiency compared to the reference antagonist Azeliragon (IC50=13 μM). Compound 2 g exhibits potent inhibition of the AGE2‐BSA/sRAGE interaction (IC50=22 μM) and favorable affinity in Microscale Thermophoresis (MST) assays (Kd=17.1 μM), along with a favorable safety profile, with no apparent cytotoxicity observed in vitro in the MTS assay. These findings underscore the potential of pyrazoline‐derived RAGE antagonists as therapeutic agents for addressing age‐related disorders.
The Role of Frustrated Lewis Pair in Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Furfural using Nickel Single‐Atom Catalysts: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Zhang Jin , Jian Changping , Wang Fang‐Fang , Zhang Wei , Tian Zhi , Chen De‐Li
Published: September 2024

The burgeoning field of frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) heterogeneous catalysts has garnered significant interest in recent years, primarily due to their inherent ability to activate H‐source molecules, thereby facilitating hydrogenation reactions. In this study, non‐precious transition metal atoms were anchored onto several models of pyridinic nitrogen incorporated graphene sheet. Theoretical calculations substantiated energy barriers as low as 0.10 eV for isopropanol activation, thereby positioning these catalysts as highly promising candidates for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural. Electronic structure analyses revealed that the H−O bond breakage in isopropanol molecules was significantly facilitated by the presence of FLP sites within the catalysts. Notably, both Ni‐C2N and Ni‐N6‐C demonstrated exceptional potential as selective catalysts for the hydrogenation of furfural into furfuryl alcohol, exhibiting remarkably low barriers of only 0.65–0.72 eV for the rate‐determining steps. The findings in this study are helpful to design FLP containing single atom catalysts for hydrogenation reactions.
N‐Aromatic Complexation in Tetraphenyl Porphyrin Iron (III)‐Pyridine: Evidence of Spin‐Flip via Gas‐Phase Electronic Spectroscopy
Authors: Uleanya Kelechi O. , Wilson Sarah A. , Dessent Caroline E. H.
Published: September 2024

There is growing interest in the electronic properties of metalloporphyrins especially in relation to their interactions with other molecular species in their local environment. Here, UV‐VIS laser photodissociation spectroscopy in vacuo has been applied to an iron‐centred metalloporphyrin (FeTPP+) and its N‐aromatic adduct with pyridine (py) to determine the electronic effect of complexation. Both the metalloporphyrin (FeTPP+) and pyridine adduct (FeTPP+⋅py) absorb strongly across the spectral region studied (652–302 nm: 1.91–4.10 eV). Notably, a large blue shift was observed for the dominant Soret band (41 nm) upon complexation (0.47±0.02 eV), indicative of strong pyridine binding. Significant differences in the profiles (i. e. number and position of bands) of the electronic spectra are evident comparing FeTPP+ and FeTPP+⋅py. Time‐dependent density functional theory calculations were used to assign the spectra, revealing that the FeIII spin‐state flips from S=3/2 to S=5/2 upon complexation with pyridine. For FeTPP+, all bright spectral transitions are found to be π‐π* in character, with electron density variously distributed across the porphyrin and/or its phenyl substituents. Similar electronic excitations are observed for FeTPP+⋅py, with an additional bright transition which involves charge transfer from the porphyrin to the pyridine moiety.
Theoretical Insight into Fluorination on Low‐Cost A‐π‐D‐π‐A Type Donor Materials for All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Nong Jia‐Qian , Han Jin‐Hong , Pan Jian , Zhao Zhi‐Wen , Wang Yan‐Ling , Pan Qing‐Qing , Liu Su‐Qin , Fan Hong‐Hong
Published: September 2024

Low‐cost organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices have shown enormous potential in large‐scale industrial applications. And it has attracted widespread attention in the past few decades. However, the photophysical characteristics of these budget‐friendly materials haven't been explored much. Here, low‐cost small materials, including small molecule 1 (asm1) with ortho‐fluorinated side chain and small molecule 2 (asm2) with meta‐fluorinated side chain were selected to probe the fluorination effect on the absorption spectra, electrochemical energy levels, electrostatic potential (ESP), etc. The results show that the molecules asm1 and asm2 have good planarity of the backbone. And the meta‐fluorinated side chain of asm2 contributes more to the highest occupied molecular orbital and less to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital than asm1. Moreover, differences in ESP are found between donor and acceptor materials. Furthermore, strong and broad light absorption in the visible region of these low‐cost molecules is observed, resulting in a better short‐circuit current density for the devices constructed by the donors asm1, asm2, and acceptor Y6. In addition, more charge transfer mechanisms are characterized for the asm1/Y6 system. The introduction of ortho‐fluorination in the conjugated side chain of the molecule is a favorable approach, which will provide theoretical guidance for further molecular design experiments.
Silicon Nanowires via Metal‐Assisted Chemical Etching for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Mateen Abdul , Khan Abdul Jabbar , Zhou Zidong , Mujear Altaf , Farid Ghulam , Yan Wei , Li Haojie , Li Jiawen , Bao Zhihao
Published: September 2024

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have demonstrated great potential for energy storage due to their exceptional electrical conductivity, large surface area, and wide compositional range. Metal‐assisted chemical etching (MACE) is a widely used top‐down technique for fabricating silicon micro/nanostructures. SiNWs fabricated by MACE exhibit significant surface areas and diverse surface chemistry. Since the material composition and surface chemistry have a significant impact on the electrochemical energy storage performance, integrating SiNWs with diverse materials like porous carbon, metal oxides/sulfides, and polymers, can establish composites with excellent properties. Hence, it is imperative to meticulously fabricate SiNW‐based materials with customizable morphologies and enhanced electrochemical energy‐storage performance. This review provides an in‐depth study of recent advancements in SiNW‐based materials with enhanced performance for energy storage systems, such as supercapacitors (SCs) and lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). It includes a concise overview of the history, MACE synthesis, and characteristics of SiNWs. Further, it also explores the key elements that influence the MACE process of SiNWs and delves into structural engineering. Additionally, we introduce recent advances in SiNW‐based materials for the design of high‐performance energy‐storage devices, namely SCs and LIBs. Finally, we present the crucial future prospects of SiNW‐based materials for energy‐storage applications.