bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pain Is Inevitable But Suffering Is Optional: Relationship of Pain Coping Strategies to Performance in Multistage Ultramarathon Runners
Authors: Alschuler Kevin N. , Krabak Brian J. , Kratz Anna L. , Jensen Mark P. , Pomeranz Dave , Burns Patrick , Bautz Joshua , Nordeen Claire , Irwin Crystal , Lipman Grant S.
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Ultramarathon runners commonly endure musculoskeletal pain during endurance events. However, the effect of pain coping skills on performance has not been examined.

Methods

A prospective observational study during three 250 km (155 mi), 6 stage ultramarathons was conducted. Finish line surveys were completed after each of the four 40 km (25 mi) and one 80 km (50 mi) stages of racing. Variables gathered included pain intensity, pain coping strategy use, pain interference, finishing position (quintile), and successful race completion.

Results

A total of 204 participants (age 41.4±10.3 y; 73% male) reported average pain intensity of 3.9 (±2.0 SD) and worst pain intensity of 5.3 (±2.3) on a 0 to 10 scale. They used greater adaptive pain coping strategies (3.0±1.3) relative to maladaptive strategies (1.3±1.1). Worst pain and pain interference increased over each stage of the race for all runners ( P<0.001), with worst pain being significantly different by finishing status ( P=0.02). Although all runners endured increased pain and interference, the nonfinishers (28 [14%]) had significantly greater differences in changes in pain intensity ( P<0.01) and pain interference ( P<0.001). Maladaptive pain coping strategies were more common in nonfinishers; with each 1-point increase (0–6 scale), there was a 3 times increase in odds of not finishing the race.

Conclusions

Although increased pain intensity and pain interference was found in all multistage ultramarathon runners, successful event completion was significantly associated with less maladaptive pain coping. Training in coping with pain may be a beneficial part of ultramarathon preparation.
Geographic and ontogenetic variations in parasite communities of intertidal fish species from the south-eastern Pacific coast
Authors: Leiva N.V. , Muñoz G. , González M.T.
Published: February 2020

Parasite composition can be affected by physiological and ecological changes during host ontogeny. Intertidal fish do not travel long distances and live in the same area throughout their lifetimes, meaning that parasite communities can differ across geographic ranges. The objective of this study was to analyse the parasite communities of three fish species (Hypsoblennius sordidus,Helcogrammoides cunninghamiandScartichthys viridis) collected from the Chilean coast. The composition of parasite species was compared among host ontogenetic stages (larvae, juveniles and mature fish) and geographic areas. A total of 184 larval, 252 juveniles and 217 mature individuals were collected in the northern area (c.24°S), and 186 larval, 192 juveniles and 112 mature individuals from the central area (c. 33°S). Ectoparasites were most prevalent in fish from the central area, whereas endoparasites were most prevalent in the northern area. The parasite species richness varied significantly between geographical areas forH. sordidusandH. cunninghami, but the parasite composition varied significantly between geographical areas for all fish species analysed. Therefore, the geographical area was the most important factor determining the parasite composition of intertidal fish species. The absence of endoparasites in fish larvae and the increased infestation in juvenile and mature fish may be explained by the shift in habitat from the water column to intertidal pools where prey abundance and availability are higher. On the other hand, hydrographic barriers affecting prey distributions may also offer an explanation as to the differences in parasite composition.
Interactive Effects of Quality of Life and Related Factors on Alcohol Use Outcomes
Authors: Santora Lidia , Byrne Don , Klöckner Christian , Espnes Geir Arild
Published: February 2020

This investigation derives its impetus from public health concerns around detecting, mitigating, and preventing the deleterious effects that alcohol use can cause particularly in advanced age. We aim to complement gerontological research by exploring the interactive effects of quality of life and related factors on alcohol use outcomes assessed by the Drinking Problem Index. The study is based on cross-sectional data collected from questionnaires mailed to a randomly drawn sample of 6,000 Norwegian adults aged 62 and older (participation rate: 32%). According to the Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) analysis, constellations of interactive factors emerged differently for women and men, and, between non-problem and problem drinkers. For women, drinking outcomes were related to intra-psychic functioning, and for men, to physical health and social situation. An ongoing quality-of-life assessment may be very important in the comprehensive assistance provided to those older people who are vulnerable to undergoing alcohol-related harms.
Improving inclusion and exclusion criteria in foodborne illness outbreak investigations: a case study
Authors: Firestone M. J. , Lee P. , Hedberg C. W.
Published: February 2020

The practice of foodborne illness outbreak investigations has evolved, shifting away from large-scale community case-control studies towards more focused case exposure assessments and sub-cluster investigations to identify contaminated food sources. Criteria to include or exclude cases are established to increase the efficiency of epidemiological analyses and traceback activities, but these criteria can also affect the investigator's ability to implicate a suspected food vehicle. A 2010 outbreak of Salmonella ser. Hvittingfoss infections associated with a chain of quick-service restaurants (Chain A) provided a useful case study on the impact of exclusion criteria on the ability to identify a food vehicle. In the original investigation, a case-control study of restaurant-associated cases and well meal companions was conducted at the ingredient level to identify a suspected food vehicle; however, 21% of cases and 22% of well meal companions were excluded for eating at Chain A restaurants more than once during the outbreak. The objective of this study was to explore how this decision affected the results of the outbreak investigation.
Evidence for sk in German as a Complex Segment
Authors: Fagan Sarah M. B.
Published: February 2020

This squib provides evidence from the superlative in support of Wiese’s (1996) position that s (sibilant) + stop sequences in German behave as complex segments. With the exception of the sequence /sk/, the consonants that require schwa epenthesis before the superlative suffix are all coronal obstruents: nettest- [ˈnɛtəst] ‘nicest’, süßest- [ˈzyːsəst] ‘sweetest’, frischest- [ˈfrɪʃəst] ‘freshest’, brüskest- [ˈbrʏskəst] ‘most abrupt’. If one assumes that the sequence /sk/ is a single, complex segment with the feature [coronal] as well as [dorsal], the formation of the superlative can be accounted for with a simple rule of schwa epenthesis.*
From the First Gilded Age to the Second: Alternative Coalition Strategies for a Transformed Party and Policy System
Authors: Sanders M. Elizabeth
Published: February 2020

Historians and social scientists have for years identified the current era as a new capital-dominant Gilded Age on the basis of economic trends (particularly rising inequality, now at a higher peak than in the early twentieth century), the coalescence of political elites (this time on a neoliberal, rather than protectionist agenda), and speculations about political upheaval on the horizon.
Indirectly Measured Ambient Electric Fields for Lightning Initiation in Fast Breakdown Regions
Authors: Cummer Steven A.
Published: February 2020

We report a new approach to measure indirectly the ambient thunderstorm electric fields in fast positive breakdown regions. For a given geometry of the discharged fast breakdown region, we show that there is a minimum ambient electric field required to produce a given charge moment change. We apply this approach to the fast breakdown measurements for two events reported by Rison et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10721) and find that the average ambient electric field in the discharged region is at least
V/m at the 9.5 km initiation altitude of these events. This electric field is close to the runaway electron avalanche electric field and to the critical field for positive streamer propagation. These measurements provide a meaningful starting point for more detailed analyses or simulations of what occurs inside the fast breakdown process that is responsible for the initiation of at least some lightning discharges.
Evolution of Denmark Strait Overflow Cyclones and Their Relationship to Overflow Surges
Authors: Almansi M. , Haine T. W. N. , Gelderloos R. , Pickart R. S.
Published: February 2020

Mesoscale features present at the Denmark Strait sill regularly enhance the volume transport of the Denmark Strait overflow (DSO). They are important for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and ultimately, for the global climate system. Using a realistic numerical model, we find new evidence of the causal relationship between overflow surges (i.e., mesoscale features associated with high‐transport events) and DSO cyclones observed downstream. Most of the cyclones form at the Denmark Strait sill during overflow surges and, because of potential vorticity conservation and stretching of the water column, grow as they move equatorward. A fraction of the cyclones form downstream of the sill, when anticyclonic vortices formed during high‐transport events start collapsing. Regardless of their formation mechanism, DSO cyclones weaken starting roughly 150 km downstream of the sill, and potential vorticity is only materially conserved during the growth phase.
Event Studies of High‐Latitude FACs With Inverse and Assimilative Analysis of AMPERE Magnetometer Data
Authors: Shi Yining , Knipp Delores J. , Matsuo Tomoko , Kilcommons Liam , Anderson Brian
Published: February 2020

We present examples of high‐latitude field‐aligned current (FAC) and toroidal magnetic potential patterns in both hemispheres reconstructed at a 2‐min cadence using an updated optimal interpolation (OI) method that ingests magnetic perturbation data provided by the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) program. A solstice and an equinoctial event are studied to demonstrate the reconstructed patterns and to provide scientific insights into FAC response to different solar wind drivers. For the 14 June 2011 high‐speed stream event with mostly northward Bz driving, we found persistently stronger FACs in the Northern Hemisphere. Extreme interhemispheric asymmetry is associated with the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) direction and large dipole tilt, consistent with earlier studies. FAC asymmetries seen during an isolated substorm can be attributed to dipole tilt. During relatively low geomagnetic activity, the FAC response to IMF Bx changes is identified. For the 17–18 March 2013 period, we provide global snapshots of rapid FAC changes related to an interplanetary shock passage. We further present comparisons between instantaneous and mean behaviors of FAC for the solar wind sheath passage and interplanetary coronal mass ejection southward Bz interval and northward Bz intervals. We show that (1) sheath passage results in strong FAC and high variation in the dayside polar cap region and pre‐midnight region, different from the typical R1/R2 currents during prolonged southward Bz; (2) four‐cell reverse patterns appear during northward Bz but are not stable; and (3) persistent dawn‐dusk asymmetry is seen throughout the storm, especially during an extreme substorm, likely associated with a dawnside current wedge.
Precipitation of Relativistic Electrons Under Resonant Interaction With Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Wave Packets
Authors: Grach V. S. , Demekhov A. G.
Published: February 2020

We use numerical simulations to study the resonant interaction of relativistic electrons with rising‐frequency electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave packets in the
band. We find that precipitating fluxes are formed by quasi‐linear interaction and several nonlinear interaction regimes having opposite effects. In particular, the direct influence of Lorentz force on the particle phase (force bunching) decreases precipitation for particles with low equatorial pitch angles (up to 15–25°) and can even block it completely. Four other nonlinear regimes are possible: nonlinear shift of the resonance point, which can cause pitch angle drift in both directions; phase bunching that slightly increases pitch angle for untrapped particles; directed scattering that strongly decreases pitch angle for untrapped particles; and particle trapping by the wave field that decreases pitch angle. The evolution of the equatorial pitch angle distribution during several passes of particles through the wave packet is studied. The precipitating fluxes are evaluated and compared with theoretical estimates. We show that strong diffusion limit is maintained for a certain range of energies by a wave packet with realistic amplitude and frequency drift. In this case, the quasi‐linear theory strongly underestimates the precipitating flux. With increasing energy, the precipitating fluxes decrease and become close to the quasi‐linear estimates.
Simulations of MHD Wave Propagation and Coupling in a 3‐D Magnetosphere
Authors: Wright Andrew N. , Elsden Thomas
Published: February 2020

A novel simulation grid is devised that is optimized for studying magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave coupling and phase mixing in a dipole‐like magnetic field. The model also includes flaring on the dawn and dusk flanks. The location of the magnetopause is quite general. In particular, it does not have to coincide with a coordinate surface. Simulations indicate the central role of global fast waveguide modes. These switch from being azimuthally standing in nature at noon, to propagating antisunward on the flanks. The field line resonances (FLRs) seen in the simulation results are three dimensional and not strictly azimuthally polarized. When a plume is present, the FLRs cross a range of 2 in
shell, and have a polarization that is midway between toroidal and poloidal.
Momentum Balance Across a Barrier Reef
Authors: Sous D. , Dodet G. , Bouchette F. , Tissier M.
Published: February 2020

This paper reports on a combined experimental and numerical study dedicated to barrier reefs hydrodynamics. A network of pressure sensors and velocity profilers has been deployed for more than 2 months over the Ouano reef barrier, New Caledonia. The primary aim of the study is to assess the relevance of the classical depth‐averaged momentum balance in such a complex and poorly documented environment. The combined analysis of experimental and numerical measurements reveals a specific hydrodynamic behavior contrasting with sandy beaches and fringing reefs. The cross‐reef current induced by wave breaking over the barrier reef plays an important role in the momentum budget, in particular through friction processes. The hydrodynamic behavior over the barrier reef is thus characterized by the progressive transition from a nearly classical beach type behavior on the forereef, where the gradient of radiation stress is balanced by a barotropic pressure gradient associated to the wave setup, to an open‐channel type regime, dominated by frictional head loss. The reef top wave setup shows a clear depth dependency mainly attributed to the forereef curvature. During extreme wave events, the measurements tend to indicate a transition toward a critical hydraulic regime above the reef top. The numerical simulations, involving a non‐hydrostatic wave‐resolving model coupled to a
turbulence model, highlight the vertical structure of the flow. Over the reef flat, a classical log‐layer profile is observed, in agreement with measurements, while above the forereef an anticlockwise circulation develops under the breaking zone.
Timing of Cenozoic Extension in the Southern Stillwater Range and Dixie Valley, Nevada
Authors: Colgan J. P. , Johnstone S. A. , Shuster D. L.
Published: February 2020

The Dixie Valley fault bounds the east side of the Stillwater Range in west‐central Nevada and last ruptured in 1954. Offset basalts indicate that slip began more recently than ~14 Ma, and prior work has interpreted the southern segment as an active low‐angle normal fault. Oligocene igneous rocks in the southern Stillwater Range were steeply tilted during large‐magnitude extension prior to ~14 Ma. To refine the timing of early extension and the onset of slip on the Dixie Valley fault, we collected two transects of samples for apatite fission track, apatite and zircon (U‐Th)/He (AHe and ZHe), and apatite 4He/3He thermochronometry. Apatite fission track ages from the Oligocene IXL pluton indicate rapid cooling ~18–14 Ma, and AHe and ZHe ages from the Cretaceous La Plata Canyon pluton indicate rapid cooling ~16–19 Ma. We interpret these data to record cooling during rapid extension. AHe ages from the IXL pluton are ~6–8 Ma and record cooling during slip on the Dixie Valley fault. We modeled these ages and 4He/3He spectra from one sample as the result of cooling during exhumation of a tilted fault block at a constant extension rate. The model predicts slip on the Dixie Valley fault beginning ~8 Ma. Although it does not constrain the initial fault dip, the model illustrates how a low‐angle fault requires a higher extension rate to reproduce cooling ages. Consequently, we prefer a high‐angle southern Dixie Valley fault for strain compatibility with the high‐angle northern segment.
Fibronectin-targeted dual-acting micelles for combination therapy of metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Gong Zhuoran , Chen Min , Ren Qiushi , Yue Xiuli , Dai Zhifei
Published: February 2020

Stage IV breast cancer, which has a high risk of invasion, often develops into metastases in distant organs, especially in the lung, and this could threaten the lives of women. Thus, the development of more advanced therapeutics that can efficiently target metastatic foci is crucial. In this study, we built an dual-acting therapeutic strategy using micelles with high stability functionalized with fibronectin-targeting CREKA peptides encapsulating two slightly soluble chemotherapy agents in water, doxorubicin (D) and vinorelbine (V), which we termed C-DVM. We found that small C-DVM micelles could efficiently codeliver drugs into 4T1 cells and disrupt microtubule structures. C-DVM also exhibited a powerful ability to eradicate and inhibit invasion of 4T1 cells. Moreover, an in vivo pharmacokinetics study showed that C-DVM increased the drug circulation half-life and led to increased enrichment of drugs in lung metastatic foci after 24 h. Moreover, dual-acting C-DVM treatment led to 90% inhibition of metastatic foci development and reduced invasion of metastases. C-DVM could potentially be used as a targeted treatment for metastasis and represents a new approach with higher therapeutic efficacy than conventional chemotherapy for stage IV breast cancer that could be used in the future.
Mixotrophy in marine picocyanobacteria: use of organic compounds by Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus
Authors: Muñoz-Marín M C , Gómez-Baena G , López-Lozano A , Moreno-Cabezuelo J A , Díez J , García-Fernández J M
Published: February 2020

Marine picocyanobacteria of the Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus genera have been longtime considered as autotrophic organisms. However, compelling evidence published over the last 15 years shows that these organisms can use different organic compounds containing key elements to survive in oligotrophic oceans, such as N (amino acids, amino sugars), S (dimethylsulfoniopropionate, DMSP), or P (ATP). Furthermore, marine picocyanobacteria can also take up glucose and use it as a source of carbon and energy, despite the fact that this compound is devoid of limiting elements and can also be synthesized by using standard metabolic pathways. This review will outline the main findings suggesting mixotrophy in the marine picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, and its ecological relevance for these important primary producers.
Topological behavior and Zeeman splitting in trigonal PtBi2-x single crystals
Authors: Xing Lingyi , Chapai Ramakanta , Nepal Roshan , Jin Rongying
Published: February 2020

Transition-metal dipnictide PtBi2 exhibits rich structural and physical properties with topological semimetallic behavior and extremely large magnetoresistance (XMR) at low temperatures. We have investigated the electrical and magnetic properties of trigonal-phase PtBi2-x single crystals with x ~ 0.4. Profound de Haas–van Alphen (dHvA) and Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations are observed. Through fast Fourier transformation (FFT) analyses, four oscillation frequencies are extracted, which result from α, β, γ, and δ bands. By constructing the Landau fan diagram for each band, the Berry phase is extracted demonstrating the non-trivial nature of the α, β, and δ bands. Despite Bi deficiency, we observe the Zeeman splitting in dHvA and SdH oscillations under moderate magnetic field and the moderate Landé g factor (4.97–6.48) for the α band. Quantitative analysis of the non-monotonic field dependence including the sign change of the Hall resistivity suggests that electrons and holes in our system are not perfectly compensated thus not responsible for the XMR effect.
Establishment of Structure-Function Relationship of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 for Its Interaction with CD63: Implication for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Warner Richard B. , Najy Abdo J. , Jung Young Suk , Fridman Rafael , Kim Seongho , Kim Hyeong-Reh Choi
Published: February 2020

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) is a pleiotropic protein, promoting both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting activities. While TIMP-1 is primarily known as an endogenous inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and thus associated with tumor cell invasion, clinical studies demonstrated increased expression of TIMP-1 and its association with poor prognosis in cancer. Non-MMP-inhibitory and oncogenic functions of TIMP-1 are mediated by induction of intracellular signaling via its cell surface receptor CD63, a tetraspanin. The present study investigates the structure-function relationship of TIMP-1 for its interaction with CD63, which may eventually help design a novel approach for targeting TIMP-1’s pro-oncogenic activity without interfering its tumor suppressive MMP-inhibitory function. Importantly, our analysis includes TIMP-1/CD63 interactions at the cell surface of live cells. Here, we demonstrate that the 9 C-terminal amino acid residues of TIMP-1 and the large extracellular loop of CD63 are required for their interaction. Considering that the N-terminal half of TIMP-1 is sufficient for TIMP-1’s MMP-inhibitory activity, we propose that those C-terminal amino acid residues are a potentially targetable motif of TIMP-1 oncogenic activity. As a proof of concept, we present the potential for the development of neutralizing antibodies against the C-terminal motif of TIMP-1 for disruption of TIMP-1 interaction with CD63 and the subsequent signal transduction.
Publisher Correction: Propolis-based niosomes as oromuco-adhesive films: A randomized clinical trial of a therapeutic drug delivery platform for the treatment of oral recurrent aphthous ulcers
Authors: Arafa Mona G. , Ghalwash Dalia , El-Kersh Dina M. , Elmazar M. M.
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Observation of an exotic state of water in the hydrophilic nanospace of porous coordination polymers
Authors: Ichii Tomoaki , Arikawa Takashi , Omoto Kenichiro , Hosono Nobuhiko , Sato Hiroshi , Kitagawa Susumu , Tanaka Koichiro
Published: February 2020

Fundamental understanding of the confinement of water in porous coordination polymers (PCPs) is important not only with respect to their application, such as in gas storage and separation, but also for exploring confinement effects in nanoscale spaces. Here, we report the observation of water in an exotic state in the well-designed hydrophilic nanopores of PCPs. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction finds that nanoconfined water has an ordered structure that is characteristic in ices, but infrared spectroscopy reveals a significant number of broken hydrogen bonds that is characteristic in liquids. We find that their structural properties are quite similar to those of solid-liquid supercritical water predicted in hydrophobic nanospace at extremely high pressure. Our results will open up not only new potential applications of water in an exotic state in PCPs to control chemical reactions, but also experimental systems to clarify the existence of solid-liquid critical points.
Transient domains of ordered water induced by divalent ions lead to lipid membrane curvature fluctuations
Authors: Tarun O. B. , Okur H. I. , Rangamani P. , Roke S.
Published: February 2020

Cell membranes are composed of a hydrated lipid bilayer that is molecularly complex and diverse, and the link between molecular hydration structure and membrane macroscopic properties is not well understood, due to a lack of technology that can probe and relate molecular level hydration information to micro- and macroscopic properties. Here, we demonstrate a direct link between lipid hydration structure and macroscopic dynamic curvature fluctuations. Using high-throughput wide-field second harmonic (SH) microscopy, we observe the formation of transient domains of ordered water at the interface of freestanding lipid membranes. These domains are induced by the binding of divalent ions and their structure is ion specific. Using nonlinear optical theory, we convert the spatiotemporal SH intensity into maps of membrane potential, surface charge density, and binding free energy. Using an electromechanical theory of membrane bending, we show that transient electric field gradients across the membrane induce spatiotemporal membrane curvature fluctuations.
Molecular balloon, Pd6L8 cages: recognition of alkyl sulfate surfactants
Authors: Lee Haeri , Kim Dongwon , Oh Hyejin , Jung Ok-Sang
Published: February 2020

Significant structural contraction and expansion of flexible Pd6L8 cages by encapsulation of alkyl sulfate were demonstrated. The contact angles on the fine-ground microcrystal layers shift according to the chain length of the alkyl sulfate.
Two donor–acceptor (D–A) type Zn(ii) complexes as fluorescent probes for highly selective detection of iodide
Authors: Su Hao , Hao Liang , Hussain Wajid , Li Zhongkui , Li Hui
Published: February 2020

Two noval donor-acceptor (D–A) type Zn(ii) complexes ([Zn2(L1)2(MeCN)(MeOH)]·(MeCN) (1) and [ZnL2(H2O)] (2)) were obtained and selectively detected iodide as fluorescent probes.
Spin state and reactivity of iron(iv)oxido complexes with tetradentate bispidine ligands
Authors: Comba Peter , Faltermeier Dieter , Krieg Saskia , Martin Bodo , Rajaraman Gopalan
Published: February 2020

The iron(iv)oxido complex [(bispidine)FeIVO(Cl)]+is shown by experiment and high-level DLPNO-CCSD(T) quantum-chemical calculations to be an extremely short-lived and very reactive intermediate-spin (S= 1) species.
Compound-specific chlorine isotope fractionation in biodegradation of atrazine
Authors: Lihl Christina , Heckel Benjamin , Grzybkowska Anna , Dybala-Defratyka Agnieszka , Ponsin Violaine , Torrentó Clara , Hunkeler Daniel , Elsner Martin
Published: February 2020

Atrazine is a frequently detected groundwater contaminant. Isotope ratio analysis of three elements (C, N, Cl) provide enhanced insight into its degradation pathways and hold promise for a better source distinction in the field.
Theoretical study of hydroxyl radical (OH˙) induced decomposition of tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE)
Authors: Tawabini Bassam S. , Nielsen Ole John , Sølling Theis I.
Published: February 2020

We have characterized the various pathways for OH radical (OH˙) induced decomposition of tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE) and found an oxidative pathway that leads to complete degradation under the prerequisite that OH radicals are present in excess.
Microfluidic condensation nanoparticle counter using water as the condensing liquid for assessing individual exposure to airborne nanoparticles
Authors: Kwon Hong-Beom , Yoo Seong-Jae , Kim Yong-Jun
Published: February 2020

We present a compact, cost-efficient, water-based nanoparticle counter that can accurately monitor the personal nanoparticle exposure in real-time.
Comment on “A simple constrained machine learning model for predicting high-pressure-hydrogen-compressor materials” by Hattrick-Simpers, et al., Molecular Systems Design & Engineering, 2018, 3, 509
Authors: Hattrick-Simpers Jason , DeCost Brian
Published: February 2020

Here we start the conversation on reproducibility and openness in materials AI, by comparing two nominally identical modeling workflows.
Synthesis of ZIF-11 crystals by microwave heating
Authors: Lucero Jolie M. , Self Taylor J. , Carreon Moises A.
Published: February 2020

Zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF-11 displaying crystal sizes within the ∼2–7 micron size range was synthesizedviaa microwave assisted approach.
Translucent in air and iridescent in water: structural analysis of a salamander egg sac
Authors: Zabuga Aleksandra V. , Arrigo Marcelle I. , Teyssier Jérémie , Mouchet Sébastien R. , Nishikawa Kanto , Matsui Masafumi , Vences Miguel , Milinkovitch Michel C.
Published: February 2020

3D photonic structure in the egg-sac envelope of Hida salamanders causes visible iridescence in water and UV iridescence in air.
Electric field-based ionic control of selective separation layers
Authors: Zhao Yan , Liu Yanling , Wang Chao , Ortega Emily , Wang Xiaomao , Xie Yuefeng F. , Shen Jiangnan , Gao Congjie , Van der Bruggen Bart
Published: February 2020

Target ionic control membrane surface multilayers containing target ion channels and target ion exchange sites were created based on ionic control principle and alternating current layer-by-layer assembly technology for extraction of target ions.
Osmotic squat actuation in stiffness adjustable bacterial cellulose composite hydrogels
Authors: Qian Chen , Asoh Taka-Aki , Uyama Hiroshi
Published: February 2020

Stimuli-responsive stiffness change and squat actuation were realized in bacterial cellulose hydrogels by utilizing internal osmotic pressure changes.
Synthesis of tetrasubstituted thiophenes via a [3+2] cascade cyclization reaction of pyridinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolates and activated allenes
Authors: Zhai Shengxian , Zhang Xinping , Cheng Bin , Li Hui , Li Yuntong , He Yixuan , Li Yun , Wang Taimin , Zhai Hongbin
Published: February 2020

A [3+2] cascade cyclization reaction of pyridinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolates and activated allenes was developed to access tetrasubstituted thiophenes.
Correction: Transition metal substituted sandwich-type polyoxometalates with a strong metal–C (imidazole) bond as anticancer agents
Authors: Zhao Hongxia , Tao Li , Zhang Fengmin , Zhang Ying , Liu Yanqing , Xu Hongjie , Diao Guowang , Ni Lubin
Published: February 2020

Correction for ‘Transition metal substituted sandwich-type polyoxometalates with a strong metal–C (imidazole) bond as anticancer agents’ by Hongxia Zhao et al., Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 1096–1099.
New Cu(i) halide complexes showing TADF combined with room temperature phosphorescence: the balance tuned by halogens
Authors: Baranov Andrey Yu. , Berezin Alexey S. , Samsonenko Denis G. , Mazur Anton S. , Tolstoy Peter M. , Plyusnin Viktor F. , Kolesnikov Ilya E. , Artem'ev Alexander V.
Published: February 2020

A series of Cu(i) halide complexes showing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) combined with room temperature phosphorescence are reported.
Correction: Rapid nitrite production via partial denitrification: pilot-scale operation and microbial community analysis
Authors: Si Zheng , Peng Yongzhen , Yang Anming , Zhang Shujun , Li Baikun , Wang Bo , Wang Shuying
Published: February 2020

Correction for ‘Rapid nitrite production via partial denitrification: pilot-scale operation and microbial community analysis’ by Zheng Si et al., Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 2018, 4, 80–86.
Ultrafine Rh nanoparticles confined by nitrogen-rich covalent organic frameworks for methanolysis of ammonia borane
Authors: Li Xiugang , Zhang Chunling , Luo Minghong , Yao Qilu , Lu Zhang-Hui
Published: February 2020

An Rh/PC-COF was synthesized using a metal–nitrogen coordination reduction strategy and was applied as a highly efficient catalyst for methanolysis of ammonia borane.
Organo-catalyzed asymmetric cascade annulation reaction for the construction of bi-spirocyclic pyrazolone and oxindole derivatives
Authors: Sun Bing-Bing , Chen Jun-Bo , Zhang Jun-Qi , Yang Xiao-Peng , Lv Hao-Peng , Wang Zheng , Wang Xing-Wang
Published: February 2020

Organo-catalyzed tandem reaction between β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters and α-arylidene pyrazolinones was developed, and it provided chiral bi-spirocyclic pyrazolone and oxindole derivatives in high yields with good to excellent stereoselectivity.
Thermoelectrochemical formation of Fe/Fe3C@hollow N-doped carbon in molten salts for enhanced catalysis
Authors: Weng Wei , Zhou Jing , Gu Dong , Xiao Wei
Published: February 2020

A low-temperature thermoelectrochemical coupling in molten salts converts Fe2O3@polydopamine to Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon with promising catalytic capability.
Voltage stability assessment algorithm to predict power system loadability margin
Authors: Akbarzadeh Aghdam Pouria , Khoshkhoo Hamid
Published: February 2020

In this study, a novel voltage stability assessment algorithm (VSAA) is proposed, which can accurately detect the stability stiffness of power systems. To this purpose, VSAA uses only three measured samples of a bus voltage and the power flowing out of the bus to detect the maximum loadability limit of that bus. Although VSAA has a low computational burden and uses only locally measured data, it can consider the impact of small and/or large disturbances that change the Thevenin equivalent network (i.e. PV curve) seen from the target bus and is able to accurately assess the stability status. To examine the performance of VSAA, it was applied and tested on a 4‐bus, IEEE 39‐bus, Nordic32 and IEEE 33‐bus distribution test systems using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. The static and dynamic simulation results show the advantages of VSAA over other stability indices proposed in the literature and verify its efficiency and accuracy for online applications.
Hybrid cuckoo search algorithm and grey wolf optimiser‐based optimal control strategy for performance enhancement of HVDC‐based offshore wind farms
Authors: Mahmoud Hassan Y. , Hasanien Hany M. , Besheer Ahmed H. , Abdelaziz Almoataz Y.
Published: February 2020

The hybridisation of two or more algorithms is recently emerging to detect superior solutions to the optimization troubles. In this study, a new hybrid cuckoo search algorithm and grey wolf optimiser (CSA–GWO) optimisation technique is exercised and exhibited to optimally design and tune the controller parameters installed in the voltage source converter (VSC) of an offshore wind farm (OWF). One of the widely used control strategies for VSC is the proportional–integral (PI) closed‐loop control system. The new hybrid optimisation algorithm is used to design and tune the PI controllers' parameters to improve the performance of OWF. It shall be mentioned that these parameters are usually hard to obtain owing to the high level of embedded non‐linearity in such energy systems. The performance of such optimally designed PI controllers is presented in both dynamic and transient conditions. To examine the realistic stability of the proposed algorithm, real wind speed pattern has been captured from Egypt wind farm at Zafarrana and simulated. The obtained results from this new hybrid optimisation CSA ‐GWO control system reflect its superiority over other traditional algorithms, such as genetic algorithm, especially during symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. CSA–GWO algorithm was examined using MATLAB/Simulink.
Investigating the effect of ambient temperature on fault‐induced delayed voltage recovery events
Authors: Saber Hossein , Karimi Mohammad Reza , Hajipour Ehsan , Farzin Nima , Hashemi Sayyed Mohammad , Agheli Ali , Ayoubzadeh Hossein , Ehsan Mehdi
Published: February 2020

The high penetration of residential air conditioners (RACs) poses a growing concern in emerging fault‐induced delayed voltage recovery (FIDVR) in power systems. FIDVR is expected to be a significant threat to the stability and reliability of future power grids. Hence, the system planners should carry out appropriate simulation studies to mitigate the severe consequences of FIDVR events. A key question to implement these studies is how to determine the worst condition which results in FIDVR. Most of the actual FIDVR events have been experienced in the hot hours of the day and this issue makes one curious to think about the relationship between the FIDVR events and the ambient temperature. In this regard, a novel temperature‐dependent RAC model is presented and verified by using laboratory tests. Furthermore, two cases with different power system loading patterns, i.e. the peak temperature hour and the peak demand hour, are examined. The proposed RAC model is implemented on the IEEE 118‐bus test system. Moreover, an actual FIDVR event reported in Iran has been reproduced employing the proposed RAC model. Implemented simulations reveal that to precisely reproduce the recorded FIDVR event, it is necessary to consider the ambient temperature when the fault has been occurred.
Rotor inertia adaptive control and inertia matching strategy based on parallel virtual synchronous generators system
Authors: Shi Kai , Chen Cheng , Sun Yuxin , Xu Peifeng , Yang Yongheng , Blaabjerg Frede
Published: February 2020

Active power oscillations and frequency fluctuations appear simultaneously in virtual synchronous generator (VSG) systems with fixed rotor inertia and damping coefficients. Thus, an optimisation control strategy to self‐adjust the parameters is proposed in this study to suppress the power oscillations and frequency fluctuations. A small‐signal model of parallel VSG systems is established, and the impact of rotor inertia and damping coefficients on the output active power is analysed. Then, the parameter optimisation control for the self‐adjusting inertia and damping coefficients is introduced according to the rate of change and the deviation of virtual rotor electrical angular velocity. Notably, the changes and deviations are limited in a range to ensure the dynamic and steady‐state performance of the system. Based on the principle of the equivalent synchronous generator, a virtual inertia matching method for parallel VSG systems is accordingly obtained. The feasibility of the proposed control method is verified by extensive simulations. The results confirm that this method can not only suppress the power oscillation in the transient connection of the VSGs to the AC bus, but also improve the frequency support. In turn, it ensures that the load power is proportionally distributed among the VSGs.
Wigner distribution function and alienation coefficient‐based transmission line protection scheme
Authors: Ola Sheesh Ram , Saraswat Amit , Goyal Sunil Kumar , Jhajharia S.K. , Rathore Bhuvnesh , Mahela Om Prakash
Published: February 2020

This study presents an algorithm for detection, classification, and location of transmission line faults. A fault index based on features extracted from current signals using the alienation coefficient and Wigner distribution function has been proposed for the detection and classification of faults. Double line and double line to ground faults have been classified from each other using ground fault index based on negative sequence current. Statistical relations are proposed for the estimation of fault location using peak values of the proposed fault index. The results of different case studies established the effectiveness of the algorithm. The algorithm is found to be effective for providing protection to transmission line against various faults. This is achieved using current signals recorded on one terminal of the line. This makes the protection scheme less complex, fast and more economic due to the elimination of the requirement of communication channel and global positioning system synchronisation. The proposed protection scheme is also validated on a real‐time network of transmission utility. The effectiveness of the algorithm is established by comparing performance with reported algorithms.
Autonomous road vehicles: recent issues and expectations
Authors: Skrickij Viktor , Šabanovič Eldar , Žuraulis Vidas
Published: February 2020

The automotive industry is currently facing an automated driving revolution. This technology is tightly linked to societal and economic challenges: minimisation of traffic accidents, fuel consumption, traffic congestion, parking demand, and providing mobility for an ageing population, as well as to customer needs toward more personalised services. This study aims at the analysis and presentation of the current state of the art and prospects of automated vehicles (AVs) from various perspectives. This study concentrates on revision of the critical technologies, estimation of the impact on social aspects, identification of legal issues, consideration of factors in commercial success through user acceptance, and foresight carried out by other researchers. The primary material was prepared by review and analysis of research papers, standards, regulations, roadmaps, and projects in the field of AVs technology and its implementation worldwide. A SWOT analysis was performed, and it was found that for rapid AV spread, technological solutions need to be made taking into account law and regulation; user acceptance and human–robot interaction need to be solved together as part of one system.
Mitigating the impact of light rail on urban traffic networks using mixed‐integer linear programming
Authors: Guilliard Iain , Trevizan Felipe , Sanner Scott
Published: February 2020

As urban traffic congestion is on the increase worldwide, many cities are increasingly looking to inexpensive public transit options such as light rail that operate at street‐level and require coordination with conventional traffic networks and signal control. A major concern in light rail installation is whether enough commuters will switch to it to offset the additional constraints it places on traffic signal control and the resulting decrease in conventional vehicle traffic capacity. In this study, the authors study this problem and ways to mitigate it through a novel model of optimised traffic signal control subject to light rail schedule constraints solved in a mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) framework. The authors’ key results show that while this MILP approach provides a novel way to optimise fixed‐time control schedules subject to light rail constraints, it also enables a novel optimised adaptive signal control method that virtually nullifies the impact of the light rail presence, reducing average delay times in microsimulations by up to 58.7% versus optimal fixed‐time control.
Ultra‐wideband linearly polarised planar bowtie array antenna with feeding network using dielectric‐based inverted microstrip gap waveguide
Authors: Zhang Tianling , Chen Lei , Moghaddam Sadegh Mansouri , Zaman Ashraf Uz , Yang Jian
Published: February 2020

A tightly coupled bowtie array antenna at a millimetre‐wave band is presented in the study. The antenna has a simple structure and exhibits a high performance over an ultra‐wide bandwidth. The feeding network is designed by using the dielectric‐based inverted microstrip gap waveguide technology in order to have a compact layout. An 8 × 8 planar array is designed and prototyped. The measured results show that the proposed array has achieved an overall bandwidth of 55.7% from 18.7 to 33.15 GHz. The maximum measured gain is 21.8 dBi at 32.5 GHz, and the total antenna efficiency is above 40% through the whole bandwidth.
Solid Waste Generation from Healthcare Facilities in Surabaya City Indonesia
Authors: A Susi Wilujeng , Enri Damanhuri , Chaerul Mochammad
Published: February 2020

This research objective is to obtain information on solid waste generated by clinics, community health centers and hospitals in Surabaya and its treatment. The waste generation information in each health facilities is acquired by 5 day-sampling, while survey by questionnaire was performed to know how they manage their waste as well as to get information on the number of beds and patients. The solid waste consists of medical and non-medical/general waste. The medical waste generation is 163,9 tons/month where 97,1% of it (158 tons/month) comes from hospitals. Community health centers and clinics contribute 1,1 tons/month and 3,5 tons/month, respectively. Only 29,6% of hospitals medical waste was treated with onsite incinerators. As much as 66% of hospitals medical waste was not had incinerators, community health centers and clinics 0,7% and 0,6% of the waste is treated with incinerator by third parties. Hospitals medical waste from used packaging (1%) can be reused, while the treatment of 1,5% medical waste from clinics is unknown. Non-medical waste generation is 431 tona/month, where 99,2% of it 427,5 tons/month comes from hospitals. Community health centers and clinics generate 1,4 ton/month and 2,1 ton/month non-medical waste, respectively.
Treatment of surface water contaminated arsenite using continuous flow air-cathode electrocoagulation
Authors: Bisara Daniya , Iqbal Rofiq , Hidayat Syarif
Published: February 2020

Air-cathode Electrocoagulation (ACEC) is a new emerging technology that combines the concepts of electrocoagulation and fuel cell technology for treating water contaminated by pollutants without the addition of external energy. In this study, the ACEC reactor was used for the removal of Arsenite (As3+) contained in river water. The effects of the different anode materials and hydraulic retention time (HRT) to the performance of the reactor were investigated. The water containing 3,5 ppm of arsenite was used as a representation of river water contaminated by heavy metal. Three types of metal plates (magnesium, iron, and aluminum) were used as anode materials, while a wet-proof (30%) carbon cloth used as a cathode electrode. The reactor performance was evaluated by measuring the removal efficiency of arsenite, metal hydroxide concentration, current density, and maximum power density of the reactor. The result showed that the ACEC reactor with iron, aluminium, and magnesium anode were able to remove 99%, 17%, and 73% of arsenite respectively. In further experiments, the reactor was conducted in continuous mode with 4, 8, and 12 hours of HRT. The ACEC reactor with 12 hours HRT was able to remove arsenite up to 99% for 24 hours. This result indicated that ACEC process is a promising technology for the effective removal of arsenite from aqueous solution without additional energy.