bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD dengan Pendekatan Kontekstual bagi Siswa SDN 7 Tentena Sulawesi Tengah
Authors: Burengge Sustin Sumarni
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to describe student activities, teacher activities, student learning outcomes and student responses during the application of the STAD type learning model with a contextual approach. This research method uses classroom action research. This research was conducted in class II SDN 7 Tentena which consisted of three cycles. The data collection techniques used were observation, tests and documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique used in this research was qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that students are active in the aspects of understanding problems, discussions, and working in groups, even with positive student responses to the learning that has been done, the management of the teaching and learning process is in a good category because all aspects are implemented and student learning outcomes can be achieved. So it can be concluded that the application of STAD type learning with a contextual approach can achieve student learning outcomes.
Pola Implementasi Program Kursus Bahasa Inggris Berbasis Masyarakat dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Warga Belajar
Authors: Komalasari Ratna Ayu , Rizka M A , Tamba Wayan
Published: October 2020

This study aims to describe the pattern of implementing community-based English course programs in an effort to improve the competence of learning citizens at the FLI Rinjani Mataram institution. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were instructors, learning citizens, and administrators of the FLI Rinjani Mataram institution. Researcher is the main instrument which is assisted by observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and documentation guidelines. The technique analyzes the research data uses qualitative data analysis with interactive methods. The results showed that the implementation pattern of the English course program at FLI Rinjani Mataram was carried out with 20 meetings for 3 months held in the classroom and supported by the implementation outside the classroom. The English language course program manager organizes course activities through the stages of course program management and training such as planning, implementation, evaluation and follow-up. The result of the implementation of the English language course program is that learning citizens are able to acquire the desired skills in the field of English with the services and supporting media provided by the institution so that learning citizens are able to improve their English competency.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kesegaran Jasmani Melalui Pendekatan Bermain dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani bagi Siswa SMP Negeri 1 Bungku Timur Sulawesi Tengah
Authors: Djumrah Djumrah
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the physical fitness of students who are taught through a learning model with a play approach. This study uses a classroom action research method. The subjects of this study were 26 students of Class IX SMP Negeri I Bungku Timur. The research instrument used tests and the data analysis technique used qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that the learning model with a play approach has an impact on changes in motivation and levels of students' physical fitness. This is because they can learn while playing. With this activity, students' cognitive, affective and psychomotor abilities can develop optimally.
Peran Kepala Sekolah dalam Peningkatan Motivasi Kerja Guru di SMP Negeri I Bungku Timur Sulawesi Tengah
Authors: Saefuddin Saefuddin
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine teacher work motivation and the role of school principals in increasing teacher work motivation at SMPN I Bungku Timur. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive method with a phenomenological approach. The subjects in this study were the principal and teachers. Data collection was carried out by participant and non-participant observation, unstructured interviews and documentation. This research data analysis using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that the work motivation of teachers at SMPN I Bungku Timur is quite high. This is evidenced by the commitment and loyalty of teachers who work well. This condition can be seen from their activities in carrying out their responsibilities in doing work, the achievements they have achieved, self-development and independence in acting. As for the role of the principal in increasing teacher work motivation, namely: as a work partner, participant, supporter, giving a mandate, making a fun workplace and a role model for teachers of SMPN I Bungku Timur.
Problematika Pembelajaran Daring di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 dan Solusi Pemecahannya
Authors: Asmuni Asmuni
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the problems of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic and the solutions to solve them. This type of research is literature study or library research using secondary data sources collected through textbooks, e-books, perodical, statutory regulations, websites, and other sources relevant to the research problem. The research data were analyzed qualitatively with an interactive model, which consists of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic has various problems experienced by teachers, students, and parents. The teacher's problems are in the form of weak mastery of IT and limited access to supervision of students, from students in the form of inactivity in learning, limited support facilities and internet network access, while from parents in the form of limited time in accompanying their children during online learning. These various problems can be overcome by increasing competency in IT mastery, intensive supervision by involving the role of parents, and providing manual assignments.
Peningkatan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Siswa dengan Metode Jigsaw dan Media Tubuh Manusia pada Pembelajaran IPA di MTs. Negeri 4 Klaten Jawa Tengah
Authors: Nashirotun Binti
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in activity and science learning outcomes in human motion system material using the jigsaw method and human body media. This research method uses classroom action research. This research was conducted in class 8F MTs.N 4 Klaten in the 2019/2020 school year with 39 students as research subjects as science teachers and 8F grade students. The research instrument used test and non-test, while the data analysis used comparative descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that the use of the jigsaw method and human body media can increase student activity and learning outcomes in the human movement system material in class 8F MTs.N 4 Klaten.
Story “Beauty and Force” by V. Vynnychenko and prose by M. Gorky. Poetics and typology of individual styles
Authors: Braiko Oleksandr
Published: October 2020

The paper focuses on the functionality and style characteristics of the authors’ expressive means. It shows differences in the literary handling of similar subjects at the level of forms and functions of pictorial-like images, narrative presentation of action, the integrity of plot and composition in the works. The analysis proves the style originality of the Ukrainian aspiring writer. Gorky’s bright pictorialism with a tendency towards impressionistic images and enthusiastic evaluation connects his narration to the codes and toposes of a higher, elite culture, open to aesthetic contemplative perception and intellectual reaction to the action of a work. While Vynnychenko’s model revises or even rejects external picturesqueness as an attribute of national realistic style. This feature gets a universal ontological dimension, and the verbal representation of scenes approaches to the reality of the potential reader’s world. The internal action in Gorky’s works is characterized by reflection that stays in line with the literary tradition of the rational interpretation of a character and the logical development of a plot leading to the disclosure of existential truth. Vynnychenko, using emotionally perceptible plastic tools of naturalistic psychologism and minimal narrative rhetorical devices, appeals to universal anthropological experience.
Cooperation between I. Lyzanivskyi and M. Vozniak in preparing thirty-volume edition of Ivan Franko’s works
Authors: Holiak Tetiana
Published: October 2020

The paper clarifies the nature of collaboration between I. Lyzanivskyi and M. Vozniak during the preparation of the first multi-volume edition of Ivan Franko’s works (1924—1931). The study is based on the analysis of letters from the editor of the cooperative publishing house “Rukh”, now kept in Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv. The preserved correspondence dates back to 1926—1929. The characteristics of the preliminary work for setting up the corpus of the writer’s critical works have been outlined. According to I. Lyzanivskyi’s plan, the first volume had to be ready for publication in the spring of 1927. The editor prepared a list of I. Franko’s critical works recommended for purchase and copying. As the use of the writer’s archive was impossible, the works were reprinted from the first and the last lifetime editions. Therefore, the stage of searching for the material was extremely important. F. Dudko assisted in copying the works. The preserved handwritten and typewritten copies from Ivan Franko archive in Shevchenko Institute of Literature show that the list of works was gradually extended. Some materials contain the notes and indications of the copyist and editorial corrections. However, due to unfavorable circumstances, the critical works were not included in the thirty-volume edition. Besides, according to the letters, the editor intended to publish the novel “Without Asking Where the Wade Is” (“Ne Spytavshy Brodu”), reconstructed by M. Vozniak, but it also remained unpublished. Instead, the novel “Lel and Polel” (“Lel i Polel”) was introduced to the readers for the first time. It was reconstructed and translated by M. Vozniak and set in the 30th volume of the edition. The collaboration of I. Lyzanivskyi and M. Vozniak to some extent prompted the scholar to study the history of Ivan Franko’s drama “Rowan” (“Horobyna”) and establish its main text. The research work was published in 1940 in the “Notes of Historical and Philological Faculties”.
Pembuatan Biogas dari Limbah Cair Tahu Menggunakan Bakteri Indigeneous
Authors: Prayitno Prayitno , Sri Rulianah  , Hilman Nurmahdi
Published: October 2020

Air limbah tahu merupakan bahan pencemar apabila dibuang ke lingkungan perairan karena dapat menimbulkan bau busuk, penyakit dan menurunkan konsentrasi oksigen terlarut. Pada sisi lain, air limbah tahu dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi alternatif yaitu biogas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu fermentasi, volume substrat dan waktu pengadukan terhadap produksi biogas dan gas metana. Variabel yang digunakan dalam percobaan, antara lain: volume starter (10%, 20%, 30% dan 40% (v/v)); waktu pengadukan (1 hari, 7 hari, dan 14 hari), waktu fermentasi (5 hari, 10 hari, 15 hari, 20 hari, dan 25 hari). Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan digester yang memiliki volume 50 liter yang diisi dengan starter berupa bakteri indigeneous dan limbah cair tahu pada persen volume tertentu. Selanjutnya  digester dialiri gas N2 hingga digester berada pada kondisi anaerobik kemudian dilakukan pengadukan (1 hari, 7 hari, 14 hari) atau  tanpa pengadukan. Pada setiap 5 hari hingga 25 hari dilakukan pengambilan sampel dan pengukuran volume biogas dan gas metana (CH4) yang dihasilkan menggunakan alat gas analyzer. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa volume biogas dan gas metana terbanyak dihasilkan pada waktu fermentasi 20 hari, dengan pengadukan 14 hari, dan volume starter 30% dapat menghasilkan biogas dan gas metana (CH4) masing – masing sebesar 5.000 ml dan 540 ml.
Tofu wastewater is a pollutant when discharged into the aquatic environment because it can cause foul odors, diseases and reduce the concentration of dissolved oxygen. On the other hand, tofu wastewater can be used as an alternative energy source, namely biogas. The study aims to determine the effect of fermentation time, starter volume and stirring time on biogas and methane gas production. Variables used in the experiment included: volume of starter (10, 20, 30, and 40% (v/v)); stirring time (1, 7, and 14 days), fermentation time (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days). The research was conducted using a digester that has a volume of 50 liters filled with starter as much as 10, 20, 30 and 40% (v/v). Then the digester is flowed with N2 gas until the digester is in anaerobic condition then stirring (1, 7, and 14 days) or without stirring. Every 5 days to 25 days a sample is taken and the amount of biogas and methane gas (CH4) produced is measured directly using a gas analyzer. The experimental results show that the highest volume of biogas and methane gas produced during fermentation time of 20 days, with a stirring of 14 days, and a volume of starter of 30% which can produce biogas and methane gas (CH4) respectively of 5,000 ml and and 540 ml.
The Family Physician of the Future in Management of Chronic Diseases
Authors: Deniz Şafak Elif
Published: October 2020

Since the existence of the first human, humankind has tried to find immortality. In line with these efforts, the field of medicine has developed and has received its share from the developing technology. Digital technologies aim to improve human health through data management and analysis, mobile technologies, social networks, wearable or high-level applications and tools, they can be placed on the body. These technologies and practices provide the physician or healthcare worker with simultaneous information about the individual's health status, thereby keeping the individual's health status under constant control.

With these technologies, while monitoring the health status of the individual in terms of environmental, behavioral, psychological and physical aspects, a more controllable and effective health system can be pioneered. Telemedicine and virtual care, while keeping the physicians’ safe work during this period, where the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the world, has become an important tool in the care of patients.

This review aims to determine the digital health technologies and applications, their advantages, disadvantages and the current situation in future chronic diseases used in future health services and healthcare user.

Keywords: Family Physician, COVID-19, mobile health, pandemic, chronic disease
Health Literacy and The Use of Primary Health Care Services of Inpatients with Musculoskeletal Complaints
Authors: Gücük Sebahat , Dilekçi Erdal , Kayhan Mehmet
Published: October 2020

Aim: Our study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy and the use of primary health care services in our patient group, where the demand for health services is quite frequent due to their complaints.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out with 725 patients with various diagnoses of musculoskeletal disorders hospitalizing to whom physical therapy and/or rehabilitation was applied. The volunteer participants filled out a sociodemographic questionnaire which consisted of 26 questions and Adult Health Literacy Scale using face-to-face interview method.

Results: The mean total score of health literacy of the participants was identified as 12.02±3.77. In terms of those who previously took medical home service before for any reason, who received counseling by the midwife, and who have consulted their family physician about their current complaints, health literacy score was found to be significantly higher than the others.

Conclusion: In order to increase the level of health literacy, which is an integral part of preventive health services especially in primary health care which is the first medical contact point, training programs should be planned according to the level of people’s need and understanding in every opportunity like seeing the patient in polyclinic or giving mobile care or during health screening programs.

Keywords: health literacy, health education, national health policy
Perspectives of Religious Officials Working in a City Center on Organ Transplantation and Donation
Authors: Göçer Şemsinnur , Üstündağ Öcal Nursel
Published: October 2020

Aim: Although number of patients requiring organ and tissue transplantation is gradually increasing over time, number of organ donations is not sufficient to meet such requirement. This is due to gap in the knowledge regarding organ transplantation as well as individual or religious thoughts. Since some people avoid from organ donation because of their religious beliefs, religious officials play an important role in guiding such people by providing accurate information. In this study, it was aimed to determine perspectives on organ donation among religious officials.

Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 141 religious officials working in Yozgat province. A data sheet including sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, education level and a 20-item questionnaire about opinions on organ donation and transplantation were used for data collection.

Results: Of participants, 62.4% reported that they have knowledge about organ donation; 54.6% reported that they learned from visual media; 64.5% reported that they do not know how to donate organ; and 72.3% reported that they wish to have knowledge about organ donation. Only 2.9% of participants were donors.

Conclusion: Although level of knowledge was moderate in religious officials who have important role in organ donation, organ donation rate was comparable with general population.

Keywords: Organ donation, organ transplantation, religious officials
Zika Virus Infection Results in Biochemical Changes Associated With RNA Editing, Inflammatory and Antiviral Responses in Aedes albopictus
Authors: Onyango Maria G. , Attardo Geoffrey M. , Kelly Erin Taylor , Bialosuknia Sean M. , Stout Jessica , Banker Elyse , Kuo Lili , Ciota Alexander T. , Kramer Laura D.
Published: October 2020

Rapid and significant range expansion of both the Zika virus (ZIKV) and itsAedesvector species has resulted in the declaration of ZIKV as a global health threat. Successful transmission of ZIKV by its vector requires a complex series of interactions between these entities including the establishment, replication and dissemination of the virus within the mosquito. The metabolic conditions within the mosquito tissues play a critical role in mediating the crucial processes of viral infection and replication and represent targets for prevention of virus transmission. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive metabolomic phenotyping of ZIKV infected and uninfectedAe. albopictusby untargeted analysis of primary metabolites, lipids and biogenic amines. We performed a comparative metabolomic study of infection state with the aim of understanding the biochemical changes resulting from the interaction between the ZIKV and its vector. We have demonstrated that ZIKV infection results in changes to the cellular metabolic environment including a significant enrichment of inosine and pseudo-uridine (Ψ) levels which may be associated with RNA editing activity. In addition, infected mosquitoes demonstrate a hypoglycemic phenotype and show significant increases in the abundance of metabolites such as prostaglandin H2, leukotriene D4 and protoporphyrinogen IX which are associated with antiviral activity. These provide a basis for understanding the biochemical response to ZIKV infection and pathology in the vector. Future mechanistic studies targeting these ZIKV infection responsive metabolites and their associated biosynthetic pathways can provide inroads to identification of mosquito antiviral responses with infection blocking potential.
A Mathematical Model of Plane-Parallel Movement of the Tractor Aggregate Modular Type
Authors: Bulgakov Volodymyr , Aboltins Aivars , Ivanovs Semjons , Holovach Ivan , Nadykto Volodymyr , Beloev Hristo
Published: October 2020

The new machine-and-tractor aggregate of a modular type, developed by us, consisting of the power and the technological modules, can significantly increase the efficiency of using the tractor when it is aggregated with a five-body plough. The new design solution for connecting these modules in a horizontal plane through a damper, consisting of a hydraulic cylinder and a throttle, allows significant increasing of the movement stability of this aggregate in a transverse-horizontal plane. To test the efficient operation of the proposed design, as well as to determine the kinematic and design parameters that provide the required level of stable movement of this modular machine-and-tractor aggregate, we carried out theoretical and experimental field investigations. For this, a new mathematical model of plane-parallel movement of the machine-and-tractor aggregate of this type was built. It was found that a change in the operating speed of this aggregate during ploughing from 1.0 to 3.0 m∙s−1 does not lead to a deterioration in the stability of the movement of either the technological or, especially, the power modules. The delay in the reaction of the power module of the machine-and-tractor aggregate of the modular type is practically invariant with respect to the change in the mode of movement of this aggregate within the range 1–3 m∙s−1. It was also found that the values of the tire slip resistance coefficients of the wheels of the power module do not have a noticeable impact upon the development of fluctuations of the disturbing moment.
Motivations for the Use of IoT Solutions by Company Managers in the Digital Age: A Romanian Case
Authors: Tűrkeș Mirela Cătălina , Căpușneanu Sorinel , Topor Dan Ioan , Staraș Adela Ioana , Hint Mihaela Ștefan , Stoenica Laurentiu Florentin
Published: October 2020

The purpose of our study is to research and identify intrinsic and extrinsic motivations but also their impact on the behavioral intentions of using Internet of Things (IoT) solutions among company managers in Romania in the future. The research method used in the quantitative study was the sample survey, using the online questionnaire as a data collection tool. The questionnaire included a formalized set of 54 questions, being specially designed to generate a new structural model starting from the Unified Theory for Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) elements. A total of 416 respondents provided complete and useful answers for this research. The results of the study showed that the endogenous factor intrinsically motivated significantly and strongly affected the intention of managers to use IoT solutions in professional activity compared to the variable of extrinsic motivation whose action remains insignificant. At the same time, the effect of the intrinsic motivation variable was mediated by the significant influence of the endogenous extrinsic motivation factor. The implications of this study are multiple for both managers and researchers. The originality of this article lies in the empirical part of the research, which, by using a quantitative method based on the questionnaire, provides important information on the impact of the motivational spectrum on the acceptance and use of IoT solutions by managers in the next period to achieve new performance, both personal and professional.
Phenolic Compounds in Trees and Shrubs of Central Europe
Authors: Szwajkowska-Michałek Lidia , Przybylska-Balcerek Anna , Rogoziński Tomasz , Stuper-Szablewska Kinga
Published: October 2020

Plants produce specific structures constituting barriers, hindering the penetration of pathogens, while they also produce substances inhibiting pathogen growth. These compounds are secondary metabolites, such as phenolics, terpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, resins, tannins and alkaloids. Bioactive compounds are secondary metabolites from trees and shrubs and are used in medicine, herbal medicine and cosmetology. To date, fruits and flowers of exotic trees and shrubs have been primarily used as sources of bioactive compounds. In turn, the search for new sources of bioactive compounds is currently focused on native plant species due to their availability. The application of such raw materials needs to be based on knowledge of their chemical composition, particularly health-promoting or therapeutic compounds. Research conducted to date on European trees and shrubs has been scarce. This paper presents the results of literature studies conducted to systematise the knowledge on phenolic compounds found in trees and shrubs native to central Europe. The aim of this review is to provide available information on the subject and to indicate gaps in the present knowledge.
Fontan Hemodynamics Investigation via Modeling and Experimental Characterization of Idealized Pediatric Total Cavopulmonary Connection
Authors: Porfiryev Andrey , Markov Aleksandr , Galyastov Andrey , Denisov Maxim , Burdukova Olga , Gerasimenko Alexander Yu. , Telyshev Dmitry
Published: October 2020

Simulation of the human body normal operating conditions is the important issue in the engineering process of designing biomedical devices intended for implantation. As an example of such process the Fontan procedure aims to support the human body function. It is a standard palliative treatment method for patients with a functionally univentricular heart. Nevertheless, this procedure has significant drawbacks. For instance, overload of the only functional ventricle leads to the inevitability of the heart transplantation. Herein, we perform simulation and experimental characteristics of the pediatric total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) influence on the blood flow. We investigate and design three different types of pediatric TCPC configurations; we detect fluorescent particles via a high-speed camera in order to analyze distribution of the blood flow velocity modulus in different types of TCPCs. Finally, we evaluate hydraulic power losses for various cases. This work is particularly relevant for the improvement of existing TCPCs quality that can extend the life of Fontan patients. Moreover, it also applies to the reduction of morbidity and mortality of the patients waiting for a heart transplantation.
Evaluation of Green and Grey Flood Mitigation Measures in Rural Watersheds
Authors: Pudar Ranko , Plavšić Jasna , Todorović Andrijana
Published: October 2020

Floods cause considerable damages worldwide and mitigation of their adverse effects through effective protection measures is needed. Along with the commonly applied “grey” infrastructure, “green” measures that can offer additional benefits, such as ecosystem services, are increasingly being considered lately. While the recent research tendencies are focused on the effectiveness and the value of green measures in urban areas, this paper presents a comprehensive financial evaluation of green and grey flood mitigation scenarios for a smaller rural watershed. A micro-scale damage model that builds on the hydrodynamic modeling of hazard, detailed asset identification, and damage assessment is presented and applied for evaluation of benefits from various flood mitigation measures in the Tamnava watershed in Serbia. Four scenarios are considered: (1) existing flood protection system; (2) green scenario involving new detention basins; (3) grey infrastructure enhancement by rising of the existing levees and diverting flood discharges; and (4) green-grey scenario that combines scenarios (2) and (3). The benefits (loss reduction) are the greatest with the green scenario and marginally higher with the combined green-grey scenario. The results suggest that for small rural watersheds, a holistic, integrative approach that includes both types of infrastructure can provide the most effective flood risk mitigation.
Tool Wear Monitoring for Complex Part Milling Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Han Ce , Luo Ming , Zhang Dinghua
Published: October 2020

Tool wear monitoring is necessary for cost reduction and productivity improvement in the machining industry. Machine learning has been proven to be an effective means of tool wear monitoring. Feature engineering is the core of the machining learning model. In complex parts milling, cutting conditions are time-varying due to the variable engagement between cutting tool and the complex geometric features of the workpiece. In such cases, the features for accurate tool wear monitoring are tricky to select. Besides, usually few sensors are available in an actual machining situation. This causes a high correlation between the hand-designed features, leading to the low accuracy and weak generalization ability of the machine learning model. This paper presents a tool wear monitoring method for complex part milling based on deep learning. The features are pre-selected based on cutting force model and wavelet packet decomposition. The pre-selected cutting forces, cutting vibration and cutting condition features are input to a deep autoencoder for dimension reduction. Then, a deep multi-layer perceptron is developed to estimate the tool wear. The dataset is obtained with a carefully designed varying cutting depth milling experiment. The proposed method works well, with an error of 8.2% on testing samples, which shows an obvious advantage over the classic machine learning method.
Product Development Using Online Customer Reviews: A Case Study of the South Korean Subcompact Sport Utility Vehicles Market
Authors: Kim Shin Won , Lee Kyunghun , Sohn Joo Seong , Cha Sung Woon
Published: October 2020

This study focuses on improving multifunctional product development. Instead of face-to-face or other survey methods, we used text mining of online reviews to confirm which characteristics consumers prefer. The reference probability (importance), and the difference between positive and negative opinions (satisfaction) were indexed. By linking “importance” and “satisfaction” with a product’s quantitative performance, the correlation between satisfaction and quantitative performance was confirmed, and the method of setting a product’s design requirements was presented. To verify the validity of the method, we used the subcompact SUV (Sports Utility Vehicle) market in South Korea as a case study. The average importance and satisfaction with each performance aspect of the cars in the market was extracted, and the successful entry of new products in the market, which reflects these market characteristics, was confirmed. The proposed methodology is meaningful in that it reduces the risk (biased, inefficient) of existing consumer survey methods by utilizing big data to identify consumer preferences. Companies can use these findings during the product development process to improve customer satisfaction. This study improves product development methods by combining them with the latest advances in big data-related technologies.
Intelligibility of English Mosaic Speech: Comparison between Native and Non-Native Speakers of English
Authors: Santi  , Nakajima Yoshitaka , Ueda Kazuo , Remijn Gerard B.
Published: October 2020

Mosaic speech is degraded speech that is segmented into time × frequency blocks. Earlier research with Japanese mosaic speech has shown that its intelligibility is almost perfect for mosaic block durations (MBD) up to 40 ms. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the intelligibility of English mosaic speech, and whether its intelligibility would vary if it was compressed in time, preserved, or stretched in time. Furthermore, we investigated whether intelligibility differed between native and non-native speakers of English. English (n = 19), Indonesian (n = 19), and Chinese (n = 20) listeners participated in an experiment, in which the mosaic speech stimuli were presented, and they had to type what they had heard. The results showed that compressing or stretching the English mosaic speech resulted in similar trends in intelligibility among the three language groups, with some exceptions. Generally, the intelligibility for MBDs of 20 and 40 ms after preserving/stretching was higher, and decreased beyond MBDs of 80 ms after stretching. Compression also lowered intelligibility. This suggests that humans can extract new information from individual speech segments of about 40 ms, but that there is a limit to the amount of linguistic information that can be conveyed within a block of about 40 ms or below.
Gas-Phase Synthesis of Functional Nanomaterials
Authors: Popok Vladimir N. , Kylián Ondřej
Published: October 2020

Nanoparticles (NPs) of different types, especially those of metals and metal oxides, are widely used in research and industry for a variety of applications utilising their unique physical and chemical properties. In this article, the focus is put on the fabrication of nanomaterials by means of gas-phase aggregation, also known as the cluster beam technique. A short overview of the history of cluster sources development emphasising the main milestones is presented followed by the description of different regimes of cluster-surface interaction, namely, soft-landing, pinning, sputtering and implantation. The key phenomena and effects for every regime are discussed. The review is continued by the sections describing applications of nanomaterials produced by gas aggregation. These parts critically analyse the pros and cons of the cluster beam approach for catalysis, formation of ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic NPs, applications in sensor and detection technologies as well as the synthesis of coatings and composite films containing NPs in research and industrial applications covering a number of different areas, such as electronics, tribology, biology and medicine. At the end, the current state of the knowledge on the synthesis of nanomaterials using gas aggregation is summarised and the strategies towards industrial applications are outlined.
cPLA2α Enzyme Inhibition Attenuates Inflammation and Keratinocyte Proliferation
Authors: Ashcroft Felicity J. , Mahammad Nur , Midtun Flatekvål Helene , J. Feuerherm Astrid , Johansen Berit
Published: October 2020

As a regulator of cellular inflammation and proliferation, cytosolic phospholipase A2 α (cPLA2α) is a promising therapeutic target for psoriasis; indeed, the cPLA2α inhibitor AVX001 has shown efficacy against plaque psoriasis in a phase I/IIa clinical trial. To improve our understanding of the anti-psoriatic properties of AVX001, we sought to determine how the compound modulates inflammation and keratinocyte hyperproliferation, key characteristics of the psoriatic epidermis. We measured eicosanoid release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) and studied proliferation in HaCaT grown as monolayers and stratified cultures. We demonstrated that inhibition of cPLA2α using AVX001 produced a balanced reduction of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; significantly limited prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release from both PBMC and HaCaT in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli; attenuated growth factor-induced arachidonic acid and PGE2 release from HaCaT; and inhibited keratinocyte proliferation in the absence and presence of exogenous growth factors, as well as in stratified cultures. These data suggest that the anti-psoriatic properties of AVX001 could result from a combination of anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects, probably due to reduced local eicosanoid availability.
Humans-as-a-Sensor for Buildings—Intensive Longitudinal Indoor Comfort Models
Authors: Jayathissa Prageeth , Quintana Matias , Abdelrahman Mahmoud , Miller Clayton
Published: October 2020

Evaluating and optimising human comfort within the built environment is challenging due to the large number of physiological, psychological and environmental variables that affect occupant comfort preference. Human perception could be helpful to capture these disparate phenomena and interpreting their impact; the challenge is collecting spatially and temporally diverse subjective feedback in a scalable way. This paper presents a methodology to collect intensive longitudinal subjective feedback of comfort-based preference using micro ecological momentary assessments on a smartwatch platform. An experiment with 30 occupants over two weeks produced 4378 field-based surveys for thermal, noise, and acoustic preference. The occupants and the spaces in which they left feedback were then clustered according to these preference tendencies. These groups were used to create different feature sets with combinations of environmental and physiological variables, for use in a multi-class classification task. These classification models were trained on a feature set that was developed from time-series attributes, environmental and near-body sensors, heart rate, and the historical preferences of both the individual and the comfort group assigned. The most accurate model had multi-class classification F1 micro scores of 64%, 80% and 86% for thermal, light, and noise preference, respectively. The discussion outlines how these models can enhance comfort preference prediction when supplementing data from installed sensors. The approach presented prompts reflection on how the building analysis community evaluates, controls, and designs indoor environments through balancing the measurement of variables with occupant preferences in an intensive longitudinal way.
The Different Clinicopathological Features of Remnant Gastric Cancer Depending on Initial Disease of Partial Gastrectomy
Authors: Han Won Ho , Eom Bang Wool , Yoon Hong Man , Kim Young-Woo , Kook Myeong-Cherl , Ryu Keun Won
Published: October 2020

Background: The incidence of gastric cancer increases in the remnant stomach after partial gastrectomy; however, its pathogenesis remains controversial. The clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical subtype were evaluated in patients with remnant gastric cancer considering the initial cause of partial gastrectomy. Methods: We categorized 59 cases of remnant gastric cancer who underwent curative surgery between 2001 and 2016 according to initial pathologies of benign (n = 24) or malignant (n = 35). Histological changes including pyloric metaplasia and intestinal metaplasia in the mucosa around the anastomosis site and the background mucosa of carcinomas were compared between the groups. Results: In the malignant group, the proportion of male patients was substantially lower, with a shorter interval. In background mucosa around the carcinomas, incidence of high-grade pyloric metaplasia was significantly higher in the benign group (13/20, 65.0% vs. 10/28, 35.7%), while high-grade intestinal metaplasia was only observed in the malignant group (0/20, 0% vs. 7/28, 25.0%). Conclusions: The cancers in the initial benign disease are mainly associated with pyloric metaplasia at the anastomosis site, reflecting reflux, but not with intestinal metaplasia. On the other hand, in the initial malignant disease group, intestinal metaplasia has an equally important role as reflux-associated pyloric metaplasia.
Long-Term Outcomes of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Superficial Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nishizawa Toshihiro , Suzuki Hidekazu
Published: October 2020

In this review, we summarize up-to-date reports with 5-year survival after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In ESD for the depth of the epithelium (m1) or lamina propria (m2), the 5-year cause-specific survival and 5-year overall survival rates were reported to be 98–100%, and 85–95%, respectively. In cases with submucosal invasion or vascular involvement, additional prophylactic treatment such as chemoradiotherapy or surgery was recommended, and the 5-year cause-specific survival and 5-year overall survival rates were reported to be 85–100%, and 56–84%, respectively. Additional treatment might be too invasive for the elderly or patients with severe comorbidities. The risk of additional therapy should be balanced against the risk of lymph node metastasis, considering the life expectancy of such patients.
Neurofibromatosis
Authors: Hovinga Koos E. , Temel Yasin
Published: October 2020

In this Special Issue of Cancer, a series of 10 papers (seven papers, three reviews) on Neurofibromatosis is presented by international leaders in this field of research [...]
Facile One-Pot Biogenic Synthesis of Cu-Co-Ni Trimetallic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photocatalytic Dye Degradation
Authors: Alshehri Abdulmohsen Ali , Malik Maqsood Ahmad
Published: October 2020

Biomolecules from plant extracts have gained significant interest in the synthesis of nanoparticles owing to their sustainable properties, cost efficiency, and environmental wellbeing. An eco-friendly and facile method has been developed to prepare Cu-Co-Ni trimetallic nanoparticles with simultaneous bio-reduction of Cu-Co-Ni metal precursors by aqueous extract of oregano (Origanum vulgare) leaves. Dramatic changes in physicochemical properties of trimetallic nanoparticles occur due to synergistic interactions between individual metal precursors, which in turn outclass the properties of corresponding monometallic nanoparticles in various aspects. The as biosynthesized Cu-Co-Ni trimetallic nanoparticles were initially analyzed using ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopy. The morphology, structure, shape, and size of biosynthesized trimetallic nanoparticles were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The elemental analysis was carried out by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy was carried out to explain the critical role of the biomolecules in the Origanum vulgare leaf extract as capping and stabilizing agents in the nanoparticle formation. Additionally, simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermogravimetry (DTG) analysis was also performed to estimate the mass evaluation and rate of the material weight changes. The photocatalytic activity of as biosynthesized trimetallic nanoparticles was investigated towards methylene blue (MB) dye degradation and was found to be an efficient photocatalyst for dye degradation. Kinetic experiments have shown that photocatalytic degradation of MB dye followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The mechanism of the photodegradation process of biogenic Cu-Co-Ni trimetallic nanoparticles was also addressed.
Modification of MCM-22 Zeolite and Its Derivatives with Iron for the Application in N2O Decomposition
Authors: Rutkowska Małgorzata , Jankowska Aleksandra , Różycka-Dudek Ewelina , Dubiel Wiktoria , Kowalczyk Andrzej , Piwowarska Zofia , Llopis Sebastián , Díaz Urbano , Chmielarz Lucjan
Published: October 2020

Layered 2D zeolite MCM-22 and its delaminated derivative, ITQ-2, were modified with iron, by different methods (ion-exchange and direct synthesis), and with the use of different precursors (FeSO4∙7H2O, Fe(NO3)3∙9H2O, and [Fe3(OCOCH3)7∙OH∙2H2O]NO3 oligocations. The applied modifications were aimed at optimization of iron form in the samples (aggregation, amount, location, and reducibility), in order to achieve the highest catalytic activity in the N2O decomposition. The synthesis of the samples was verified with the use of XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), N2-sorption and ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy) techniques, while the form of iron in the samples was investigated by UV–vis-DRS (UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy), H2-TPR (Hydrogen Temperature-Programmed Reduction) and HRTEM (High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy). The highest activity in the N2O decomposition presented the sample Fe(O,IE)MCM-22, prepared by ion-exchange of MCM-22 with Fe3(III) oligocations. This activity was related to the oligomeric FexOy species (the main form of iron in the sample) and the higher loading of active species (in comparison to the modification with FeSO4∙7H2O).
Structured (De)composable Representations Trained with Neural Networks
Authors: Spinks Graham , Moens Marie-Francine
Published: October 2020

This paper proposes a novel technique for representing templates and instances of concept classes. A template representation refers to the generic representation that captures the characteristics of an entire class. The proposed technique uses end-to-end deep learning to learn structured and composable representations from input images and discrete labels. The obtained representations are based on distance estimates between the distributions given by the class label and those given by contextual information, which are modeled as environments. We prove that the representations have a clear structure allowing decomposing the representation into factors that represent classes and environments. We evaluate our novel technique on classification and retrieval tasks involving different modalities (visual and language data). In various experiments, we show how the representations can be compressed and how different hyperparameters impact performance.
Varying the Dimensionality of Cu(II)-Based Coordination Polymers Through Solvent Influence
Authors: Kühne Irina A. , Carter Anthony B. , Kostakis George E. , Anson Christopher E. , Powell Annie K.
Published: October 2020

This work reports the synthesis and structure of a large porous zeotype network observed within compound (1) using {Cu2(piv)4} as the linking unit (piv = pivalate). The slow in situ formation of the hmt ligand (hexamethylenetetramine) appears to be key in generating a µ4-bridging mode of the hmt-node. Attempts to improve the low yield of compound (1) using different solvent layer diffusion methods resulted in the µ3-hmt complexes (2) and (3). Both compounds exhibit a 3D network of two intertwined chiral networks. Strong hydrogen bonding present in (3) leads to the formation of intertwined, DNA-like double-helix structures. The use of bulky solvents in the synthesis of compound (4) leads to the structure crystallizing solvent-free. The packing of (4) is dominated by energy minimization, which is achieved when the 1D-“cylinders” pack into the closest possible arrangement. This work highlights the potential for solvent controlled synthesis of extended copper-hmt systems.
Experimental Charge Density Analysis and Electrostatic Properties of Crystalline 1,3-Bis(Dimethylamino)Squaraine and Its Dihydrate from Low Temperature (T = 18 and 20 K) XRD Data
Authors: Destro Riccardo , Roversi Pietro , Soave Raffaella , Hovestad Arjan , Lo Presti Leonardo
Published: October 2020

Multipolar refinements of structural models fitting extensive sets of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data from single crystals of 1,3-bis(dimethylamino)squaraine [SQ, C8H12N2O2] and its dihydrate [SQDH, C8H12N2O2·2H2O], collected at very low T (18 ± 1 K for SQ, 20 ± 1 K for SQDH), led to an accurate description of their crystal electron density distributions. Atomic volumes and charges have been estimated from the experimental charge densities using the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) formalism. Our analysis confirms the common representation (in the literature and textbooks) of the squaraine central, four-membered squarylium ring as carrying two positive charges, a representation that has been recently questioned by some theoretical calculations: the integrated total charge on the C4 fragment is estimated as ca. +2.4e in SQ and +2.2e in SQDH. The topology of the experimental electron density for the SQ squaraine molecule is modified in the dihydrated crystal by interactions between the methyl groups and the H2O molecules in the crystal. Maps of the molecular electrostatic potential in the main molecular planes in both crystals clearly reveal the quadrupolar charge distribution of the squaraine molecules. Molecular quadrupole tensors, as calculated with the PAMoC package using both Stewart and QTAIM distributed multipole analysis (DMA), are the same within experimental error.