bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Electrocardiographic P Wave Parameters and Left Atrial Volume and Volume Indices in Patients with Hypertension
Authors: Artaç İnanç , Balcı Bahattin , Sevimli Serdar , Karakurt Ahmet , Rencüzoğulları İbrahim , Çağdaş Metin , Karabağ Yavuz , İliş Doğan
Published: August 2022

Introduction: This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between left atrial volume index, which is an important indicator of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, and electrocardiographic parameters such as P wave duration, P wave dispersion (PWDISP), P wave terminal force (PWTF), and P wave peak time (PWPT) in hypertensive patients.

Patients and Methods: A total of 58 patients with a diagnosis of hypertension between June 2017 and April 2018 were included in this retrospective study. Age-sex matched 58 healthy subjects constituted the control group. The patients without diastolic dysfunction and stage I diastolic dysfunction were included in the normal left atrial pressure (NLAP) group, while stage II and stage III diastolic dysfunction patients constituted the high left atrial pressure (HLAP) group.

Results: The PWDmax, PWDISP, and PWPT which are calculated from the lead DII (PWPTDII) were found to be longer in the group of hypertensive patients (p< 0.05, for all). Electrocardiographic parameters of PWDmax, PWDISP, PWTF, PWPTDII, and PWPTVI were found to be longer in patients with HLAP. Both PWPTVI (p= 0.008 r= 0.395) and PWPTDII (p< 0.001 r= 0.456) were significantly correlated with left atrial volume index.

Conclusion: In this study, the relationship between PWPT and diastolic dysfunction was revealed for the first time in the literature. In addition, the PWPT was found to be increased in patients with increased left atrial pressure (LAP). Our findings deserve attention because electrocardiography is an inexpensive and easily accessible diagnostic method that can be used to detect diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients.
The Effect of Vasodilator Drugs on Intima Damage in Preparation of the Saphenous Vein Graft
Authors: Pekedis Mehmet Alaaddin
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The most important issue in the success of coronary bypass surgery is the quality of the grafts used. In this study, the effect of vasodilator drugs for intimal damage on the harvested saphenous veins of coronary bypass patients was investigated.

Patients and Methods: A total of 10 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery, had 2-cm long segments of saphenous veins harvested and divided into four study groups. Isotonic solutions in Group I (control group) and Group II, verapamil in Group III, and nitroglycerin in Group IV were applied to the saphenous veins at equal times, in the control group under 20 mmHg and in the other groups 100 mmHg pressure. Upon the completion of the preparation, saphenous vein grafts were studied with light and electron microscopy. Endothelial cell loss and intimal and medial edema were considered in evaluations. Scoring was done from 0 to 3. A median score was assessed for each group.

Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the control and saline groups in terms of endothelial and media damage (0.7 ± 0.48, 2.8 ± 0.42) (p< 0.001), while there was no statistically significant difference between the control group and the verapamil and nitroglycerin groups (0.7 ± 0.48, 1.4 ± 0.54) (0.7 ± 0.48, 1.2 ± 0.44) (p> 0.05). Likewise, no statistically significant difference was found between verapamil and nitroglycerin (1.4 ± 0.54, 1.2 ± 0.44) (p> 0.05). It was determined that the verapamil and nitroglycerin groups had the closest score to the control group, the endothelial and medial damage was minimal in the verapamil and nitroglycerin group, like the control group, and a large amount of endothelial and media damage was observed in the saline group.

Conclusion: The use of vasodilators (verapamil or nitroglycerin) in the preparation of the saphenous vein graft increases the early and late success of vein grafts by protecting the tunica intima and media in the graft, preventing the formation of thrombus in the early period and the development of branchendothelial fibromuscular hyperplasia and atherosclerosis in the late period.
Late Correction of Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Tan Recep Berra Zümrüt , Tongut Aybala , Hatemi Ali Can , Tunçer Eylem , Yılmaz Abdullah Arif , Ceyran Hakan
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Surgical correction of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is usually performed in the first week of life. There is no consensus on surgical intervention for patients with a late diagnosis. Our study was designed to evaluate the early results of patients who underwent late-term correction based on surgical techniques.

Patients and Methods: Our study included patients older than a month, who were operated on due to TGA between 2014 and 2019. Data on the postoperative hospital mortality and morbidity of these patients were examined.

Results: The study enrolled 11 patients. Arterial switch operation (ASO) was performed in 36.3% (n= 4) of the patients, while an atrial switch operation was performed in 63.7%. After left ventricular (LV) training, ASO was performed in 25% (n= 1) of the patients. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support requirement was present in 36.4% (n= 4) of the patients due to postoperative low cardiac output. The mortality rate was 27.3% (n= 3). Of these deaths, 33.3% occurred among patients who had undergone Senning operations, while 66.7% occurred among those who underwent ASO (n= 1). While 66.7% (n= 2) of the mortality was due to low cardiac output, 33.4% was due to sepsis (n= 1).

Conclusion: There is still no absolute consensus on the timing of surgical intervention in cases of TGA. ASO can be performed in cases with an increased need for ECMO and acceptable mortality among patients over one month of age. For patients with LV regression, two-stage ASO and atrial switch operations are alternative options.
Subclinical Inflammation As an Independent Risk Factor for All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Memiç Sancar Kadriye , Kahraman Serkan , Tükenmez Karakurt Seda , Tekin Meltem , Çörekcioğlu Büşra , Ateşli Alkım , Satılmışoğlu Hulusi , Demirci Gökhan , Yıldız Mustafa
Published: August 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate pre-procedural (Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio) (NLR) in patients with (Left Main Coronary Artery) (LMCA) disease and to identify a relevant NLR value related to mortality after percutaneous intervention in unprotected LMCA disease.

Patients and Methods: Seventy-one patients diagnosed with unprotected LMCA disease were divided into two groups according to their mortality rates: survivors (n= 56, 78%) and non-survivors (n= 15, 22%). The mean follow-up duration was 26.0 ± 24.8 months, and all-cause mortality was considered as an endpoint.

Results: The non-survivor group had higher NLR values [3.23 (2.31-4.01) vs. 5.82 (2.92-14.99), p= 0.026] compared to the survivor-group. ROC analysis revealed an NLR cut-off value of 5.24 for predicting all-cause mortality. During follow-up, the group with high NLR values was associated with a significantly higher rate of all-cause mortality rate [6 (10.5%) vs. 9 (64.3%), p< 0.001] compared to the low NLR group. In multivariate analysis, the NLR (OR= 1.695; 95% CI= 1.124-2.556; p= 0.012) was found to be independent predictors of mortality.

Conclusion: NLR is the independent predictor of all-cause mortality in unprotected LMCA disease. As far as we know, this study is the first study investigating the prognostic value of NLR in patients with unprotected LMCA disease stenting.
A Single-Center Retrospective Study of Patients with ALCAPA
Authors: Tan Recep Berra Zümrüt , Tongut Aybala , Hatemi Ali Can , Cine Nihat , Tunçer Eylem , Ceyran Hakan
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare but fatal disease. Untreated cases have a first-year mortality rate of 90%. We aimed to evaluate the early outcomes of patients who were operated on for ALCAPA in our clinic.

Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of seven patients who were operated on in our clinic for ALCAPA between 2013 and 2019. Preoperative, early postoperative, and first year echocardiography results were compared.

Results: Five patients (71.4%) underwent reimplantation and two patients (28.6%) underwent Takeuchi repair. The median age was 25 months and 71.4% (n= 5) of the patients were aged ≤1 year. In preoperative echocardiograms, mean ejection fraction (EF) was 32.1 ± 4.9% and mean preoperative MR grade was 2.1 ± 0.7. Two patients with severe MR (grade 3) underwent simultaneous mitral annuloplasty. The mean EF % significantly increased (p= 0.023) and the mean MR grade significantly decreased (p= 0.039, p< 0.05) in the early postoperative period. This finding was not statistically associated with surgical technique or age. The mortality rate was 14.3% (n= 1). The patient who died had severe preoperative LV dysfunction and MR, which did not improve after surgical intervention.

Conclusion: Early improvement in LV function and MR grade after ALCAPA repair is crucial for survival regardless of age. Moderate or mild functional MR may spontaneously improve after the surgical correction of LV dysfunction. Simultaneous mitral valve intervention is needed in cases of severe MR and patients aged ≥1 year.
Impact of a subtropical high and a typhoon on a severe ozone pollution episode in the Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Ouyang Shanshan , Deng Tao , Liu Run , Chen Jingyang , He Guowen , Leung Jeremy Cheuk-Hin , Wang Nan , Liu Shaw Chen
Published: August 2022

Abstract. A record-breaking severe ozone (O3) pollution episode occurred in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in early autumn 2019 when the PRD was under the influence of a Pacific subtropical high followed by Typhoon Mitag. In this study, we analyzed the effects of meteorological and photochemical processes on the O3 concentration in the PRD during this episode by carrying out the Weather Research Forecast–Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model simulations. Results showed that low relative humidity, high boundary layer height, weak northerly surface wind, and strong downdrafts were the main meteorological factors contributing to O3 pollution. Moreover, delayed sea breezes that lasted into the night would transport O3 from the sea back to the land and resulted in secondary O3 maxima at night. In addition, O3 and its precursors stored in the residual layer above the surface layer at night can be mixed down to the surface in the next morning, further enhancing the daytime ground-level O3 concentration on the following day. Photochemical production of O3, with a daytime average production rate of about 7.2 ppb h−1 (parts per billion), is found to be the predominate positive contributor to the O3 budget of the boundary layer (0–1260 m) during the entire O3 episode, while the
horizontal and vertical transport fluxes are the dominant negative contributors. This O3 episode accounted for 10 out of the yearly total of 51 d when the maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) O3 concentration exceeded the national standard of 75 ppb in the PRD in 2019. Based on these results, we propose that the enhanced photochemical production of O3 during the episode is a major cause of the most severe O3 pollution year since the official O3 observation started in the PRD in 2006. Moreover, since this O3 episode is a synoptic-scale phenomenon covering the entire eastern China, we also suggest that the enhanced photochemical production of O3 in this O3 episode is a major cause of the extraordinarily high O3 concentrations observed in eastern China in 2019.
Effective uncertainty quantification for multi-angle polarimetric aerosol remote sensing over ocean
Authors: Gao Meng , Knobelspiesse Kirk , Franz Bryan A. , Zhai Peng-Wang , Sayer Andrew M. , Ibrahim Amir , Cairns Brian , Hasekamp Otto , Hu Yongxiang , Martins Vanderlei , Werdell P. Jeremy , Xu Xiaoguang
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Multi-angle polarimetric (MAP) measurements can enable detailed characterization of aerosol microphysical and optical properties and improve atmospheric correction in ocean color remote sensing. Advanced retrieval algorithms have been developed to obtain multiple geophysical parameters in the atmosphere–ocean system. Theoretical pixel-wise retrieval uncertainties based on error propagation have been used to quantify retrieval performance and determine the quality of data products. However, standard error propagation techniques in high-dimensional retrievals may not always represent true retrieval errors well due to issues such as local minima and the nonlinear dependence of the forward model on the retrieved parameters near the solution. In this work, we analyze these theoretical uncertainty estimates and validate them using a flexible Monte Carlo approach. The Fast Multi-Angular Polarimetric Ocean coLor (FastMAPOL) retrieval algorithm, based on efficient neural network forward models, is used to conduct the retrievals and uncertainty quantification on both synthetic HARP2 (Hyper-Angular Rainbow Polarimeter 2) and AirHARP (airborne version of HARP2) datasets. In addition, for practical application of the uncertainty evaluation technique in operational data processing, we use the automatic differentiation method to calculate derivatives analytically based on the neural network models. Both the speed and accuracy associated with uncertainty quantification for MAP retrievals are addressed in this study. Pixel-wise retrieval uncertainties are further evaluated for the real AirHARP field campaign data. The uncertainty quantification methods and results can be used to evaluate the quality of data products, as well as guide MAP algorithm development for current and future satellite systems such as NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission.
Stable water isotope monitoring network of different water bodies in Shiyang River basin, a typical arid river in China
Authors: Zhu Guofeng , Liu Yuwei , Shi Peiji , Jia Wenxiong , Zhou Junju , Liu Yuanfeng , Ma Xinggang , Pan Hanxiong , Zhang Yu , Zhang Zhiyuan , Sun Zhigang , Yong Leilei , Zhao Kailiang
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Ecosystems in arid areas are fragile and are easily disturbed by
various natural and human factors. As natural tracers widely exist in
nature, stable isotopes can be valuable for studying environmental change
and the water cycle. From 2015 to 2020, we took the Shiyang River basin,
which has the highest utilization rate of water resources and the most
prominent contradiction of water use, as a typical demonstration basin to
establish and improve the isotope hydrology observation system. The data in
the observation system are classified by water type (precipitation, river
water, lake water, groundwater, soil water, and plant water). Six
observation systems with stable isotopes as the main observation elements have been built. These include river source region, oasis region, reservoir channel system region, oasis farmland region, ecological engineering construction region, and salinization process region; meteorological and hydrological data have also been collected. We will gradually improve the
various observation systems, increase the data of observation sites, and
update the data set yearly. We can use these data to research the
continental river basin ecological hydrology, such as surface water
evaporation loss, landscape river water cycle impact of the dam, dam water
retention time, oasis farmland irrigation methods, and the atmosphere, such
as the contribution of inland water circulation to inland river precipitation, climate transformation, below-cloud evaporation effect, and extreme climate events, which provides a scientific basis for water resources utilization and ecological environment restoration in the arid area. The data sets are available at https://doi.org/10.17632/vhm44t74sy.1 (Zhu, 2022).
Four-dimensional temperature, salinity and mixed-layer depth in the Gulf Stream, reconstructed from remote-sensing and in situ observations with neural networks
Authors: Pauthenet Etienne , Bachelot Loïc , Balem Kevin , Maze Guillaume , Tréguier Anne-Marie , Roquet Fabien , Fablet Ronan , Tandeo Pierre
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Despite the ever-growing number of ocean data, the interior of the ocean remains undersampled in regions of high variability such as the Gulf Stream. In this context, neural networks have been shown to be effective for interpolating properties and understanding ocean processes.
We introduce OSnet (Ocean Stratification network), a new ocean reconstruction system aimed at providing a physically consistent analysis of the upper ocean stratification.
The proposed scheme is a bootstrapped multilayer perceptron trained to predict simultaneously temperature and salinity (T−S) profiles down to 1000 m and the mixed-layer depth (MLD) from surface data covering 1993 to 2019.
OSnet is trained to fit sea surface temperature and sea level anomalies onto all historical in situ profiles in the Gulf Stream region. To achieve vertical coherence of the profiles, the MLD prediction is used to adjust a posteriori the vertical gradients of predicted T−S profiles, thus increasing the accuracy of the solution and removing vertical density inversions.
The prediction is generalized on a 1/4∘ daily grid, producing four-dimensional fields of temperature and salinity, with their associated confidence interval issued from the bootstrap.
OSnet profiles have root mean square error comparable with the observation-based Armor3D weekly product and the physics-based ocean reanalysis Glorys12.
The lowest confidence in the prediction is located north of the Gulf Stream, between the shelf and the current, where the thermohaline variability is large.
The OSnet reconstructed field is coherent even in the pre-Argo years, demonstrating the good generalization properties of the network. It reproduces the warming trend of surface temperature, the seasonal cycle of surface salinity and mesoscale structures of temperature, salinity and MLD.
While OSnet delivers an accurate interpolation of the ocean stratification, it is also a tool to study how the ocean stratification relates to surface data. We can compute the relative importance of each input for each T−S prediction and analyse how the network learns which surface feature influences most which property and at which depth. Our results demonstrate the potential of machine learning methods to improve predictions of ocean interior properties from observations of the ocean surface.
Cloud forcing of surface energy balance from in situ measurements in diverse mountain glacier environments
Authors: Conway Jonathan P. , Abermann Jakob , Andreassen Liss M. , Azam Mohd Farooq , Cullen Nicolas J. , Fitzpatrick Noel , Giesen Rianne H. , Langley Kirsty , MacDonell Shelley , Mölg Thomas , Radić Valentina , Reijmer Carleen H. , Sicart Jean-Emmanuel
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Clouds are an important component of the climate system,
yet our understanding of how they directly and indirectly affect glacier
melt in different climates is incomplete. Here we analyse high-quality
datasets from 16 mountain glaciers in diverse climates around the globe to
better understand how relationships between clouds and near-surface
meteorology, radiation and surface energy balance vary. The seasonal cycle
of cloud frequency varies markedly between mountain glacier sites. During
the main melt season at each site, an increase in cloud cover is associated
with increased vapour pressure and relative humidity, but relationships to
wind speed are site specific. At colder sites (average near-surface air
temperature in the melt season <0 ∘C), air temperature
generally increases with increasing cloudiness, while for warmer sites
(average near-surface air temperature in the melt season ≫0 ∘C), air temperature decreases with increasing
cloudiness. At all sites, surface melt is more frequent in cloudy compared
to clear-sky conditions. The proportion of melt from temperature-dependent
energy fluxes (incoming longwave radiation, turbulent sensible heat and latent
heat) also universally increases in cloudy conditions. However, cloud cover
does not affect daily total melt in a universal way, with some sites showing
increased melt energy during cloudy conditions and others decreased melt
energy. The complex association of clouds with melt energy is not amenable
to simple relationships due to many interacting physical processes (direct
radiative forcing; surface albedo; and co-variance with temperature, humidity
and wind) but is most closely related to the effect of clouds on net
radiation. These results motivate the use of physics-based surface energy
balance models for representing glacier–climate relationships in regional-
and global-scale assessments of glacier response to climate change.
Tributary World-Ecologies, Part II
Authors: İdiman Çağrı
Published: August 2022

This essay—the second in a two part series—reconceptualizes the High Medieval Mediterranean World as a tributary world-ecology. Area Studies view the High Medieval Mediterranean as a culturally fragmented world, while the Commercialization Theorists only unite these fragments externally through trade relations. In contrast, Marxist Theorists almost exclusively focus on Medieval Europe through production relations. I argue that the High Medieval Mediterranean can be theorized as a tributary world-ecology. I advance two interrelated arguments. First, I underline the socio-ecological similarities and differences between the North Sea (addressed in Part I) and the Mediterranean Worlds. The Mediterranean world-ecology was premised upon the breakdown of world-imperial redistribution mechanisms and localization of peasant exploitation. This was exemplified by the development of iqta’, pronoia and similar land-tenure regimes across the Mediterranean World. The localization peasant exploitation, however, did not result in autarchy, but rather in the formation of a world-market. In fact, novel agrarian relations, coupled with the climatological upturn and technological innovations, led to the growth of surpluses in the hands of the aristocracies. This in turn stimulated artisanal production and revival of trade. Consequently, the Mediterranean World, like the North Sea World, witnessed further geographical integration and economic growth. Second, I emphasize the similarities and differences between the crises of the North Sea and the Mediterranean Worlds. Their socio-ecological relations reached their limits when the climate began to cool and destabilize, and organizational innovations could no longer produce sufficient surpluses. Consequently, both world-ecologies collapsed, finding its clearest expression in the Black Death. In turn, the Mediterranean, just like the end of the Roman period, disintegrated. The Western Mediterranean and the North Seas were integrated on the basis of capitalist productive and commercial networks, resulting in the birth of European capitalist world-ecology. In contrast, the Eastern Mediterranean would be reintegrated on the basis of the tributary networks of the Ottoman World-Empire.
Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Potiker Spencer Louis
Published: August 2022

Editor's introduction to the special issue on non-state movements and spaces.
Forecasting Model Of Arabica Coffee Export Demand With Decomposition Method On CV. Gayo Coffee Oro
Authors: Akmal Syarifah , Sayuti M , Hasibuan Muhariani
Published: August 2022

Coffee is one type of plant that has a harvest season in certain months, while the amount of coffee export demand is always there even though it is not in the coffee season. So that the company is often unable to meet the demand for coffee exports. This study aims to find out how the use of the decomposition method in forecasting the demand for Arabica coffee exports and also to find out the results of forecasting the demand obtained. This study uses a quantitative approach, which was conducted at CV. Oro Kopi Gayo is located in the Gayo highlands, precisely in the Mongal Village, Bebesen District, Central Aceh Regency. The data used in this study is secondary data, namely data on Arabica coffee export demand from 2017 to 2021. The results of forecasting coffee export demand using the decomposition method in 2022, which is 1754216 kg, have increased when compared to demand in 2021, which is equal to 1536000 kg with a percentage increase of 14%. Demand for coffee exports in January was 160192 kg, February was 172445 kg, March was 146829 kg, April was 76822 kg, May was 88583 kg, June was 106127 kg, July was 129510 kg, August was 45472 kg, September was 45472 kg 269457 kg, October 225509 kg, November 239090 kg, and December 94090 kg. The highest demand for Arabica coffee exports occurred in September, amounting to 269457 kg, in November at 239090 kg, and in October at 225509 kg. Then it decreased again in December, which was 94090 kg. The increase and decrease in the repetitive data pattern indicate that the data has a seasonal pattern.
The Effect of Edmodo Based E-learning and Learning Independence on Islamic Religious Learning Outcomes For Grade VIII in Junior High School 7 Medan Country
Authors: Mardianto Mardianto , Mahariah Mahariah , Suharti Sri
Published: August 2022

This study aims to (1) find out the results of students' Islamic religious learning between groups taught with Edmodo-based E-learning higher than the results of students' Islamic religious learning taught with WhatsApp. (2) knowing the learning outcomes of Islamic students among groups of students who have higher learning independence than Islamic religious learning outcomes of students who have low learning independence; (3) To find out the influence between Edmodo-based E-learning and learning independence on the learning outcomes of Islamic students. This type of research is a quantitative research using the quasi-design of experiments. The population of this study is a class VIII student of SMP Negeri 7 Medan with a sample of class VIII C with as many as 33 students as an experimental class and class VIII A with as many as 32 students as a control class. Data collection uses tests and questionnaires and data analysis using a two-track ANOVA. The results showed that the results of learning the Islamic religion of students taught with Edmodo were higher than the results of learning Islamic religion students who were taught with WhatsApp. Islamic religious learning outcomes of students who have high learning independence are higher than the results of Islamic religious learning students who have low learning independence. There is an interaction between Edmodo and learning independence towards the results of learning Islamic religion students in grade VIII of SMP Negeri 7 Medan.
Increasing the Efficiency of Chili Pepper Cultivation through an Effective Fertilization System
Authors: Yeritsyan S.K. , Gasparyan G.H. , Yeritsyan L.S. , Martirosyan G.S.
Published: August 2022

The irrigated brown meadow soils of the Ararat valley are poor in humus content and other important plant required nutrients; hence, the application of scientifically justified quantities of the fertilizers becomes a priority measure. Considering the afore stated fact, the effect of various fertilizers’ combinations (N; NP; NPK; NPK + complexon via foliar feeding, thrice) on the plant growth, yield capacity and its quality has been studied. The best result has been recorded in the option of N120P120K120+complexon. The fruit quality has also improved: the content of dry matters and sugars has increased, while the nitrate content has decreased.
The Prevalence of Leishmaniasis in Dogs in the Districts of Yerevan
Authors: Avetisyan G.R.
Published: August 2022

Leishmaniasis is a transmissive parasitic disease of dogs that poses a great danger to humans. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of leishmaniasis in dogs in the districts of Yerevan. The results of the research are described and considered in the article. Several recommendations have been developed to prevent the spread of this disease.
基于财务指标以牛鞭效应分析沃尔玛的全价值链
Authors: 刘 欣雨
Published: August 2022

沃尔玛作为跨国商贸企业，全球最大的零售企业，连续多年被美国《财富》杂志评选为世界500强企业的第一名。随着经济全球化的发展，为沃尔玛带来了可观的利润和快速的增长。但是高利润伴随着高风险，尤其是疫情爆发以来，全球范围内的宏观经济出现持续乏力的现象，增大了跨国商贸企业的财务风险以及不确定性。本研究将基于偿债能力财务指标、运营能力财务指标、盈利能力财务指标的组合，来分析沃尔玛在哪一组组合下指标波动性最小，企业的财务管理最为有效，风险可控性最强。沃尔玛作为高居多年世界500强的第一名，基于财务指标使用牛鞭效应对沃尔玛的全价值链进行评估，有一定的价值意义。
疫情时代下沃尔玛与开市客投入产出效率的比较研究基于DEA-Malmquist指数的分析
Authors: 刘 星淑
Published: August 2022

作为世界性的连锁零售企业，沃尔玛与开市客分别位列2021年《财富》世界500强企业的第1位和第27位。本文选取2009~2021年沃尔玛与开市客的营业收入、利润、总资产、店面数和员工人数作为研究样本，通过DEA-Malmquist模型，测算疫情前后沃尔玛与开市客的投入产出效率。通过数据分析结果显示，沃尔玛与开市客产出效率受其技术变化效率影响较大。在此基础上，结合得出的实证结果和经济意义的解释，本文分别提出在疫情时代下优化沃尔玛与开市客企业运营管理措施和提高效用比的建议。
Türkiye’de İletişim Kuramının Öncülerinden: Ünsal Oskay ve Eserleri
Authors: AYDIN VAROL F. Betül
Published: August 2022

Ünsal Oskay, Türkiye’de iletişim alanında ilk doktora tezini yazan isimlerden birisidir. Kitle iletişim kuramlarının Türkiye’de öğrenilmesinde önemli rol oynayan Oskay’ın, kitle iletişimi ile ilgili ortaya koyduğu eserler onu iletişim alanında öncü kuramcılardan birisi haline getirmiştir. Ünsal Oskay, iletişimin yanı sıra eserlerinde çoğunlukla “toplumbilim” olarak ifade ettiği sosyoloji ile siyaset, hukuk gibi sosyal bilimlerin farkı alanlarından birçok eseri de Türkçeye kazandırmıştır. Yaklaşık kırk yılı bulan akademik hayatına on kitap, on beş çeviri kitap ile yüzlerce makale sığdıran Ünsal Oskay, binlerce öğrenci yetiştirmiştir. Oskay, eleştirel sosyal teorinin benimsenmesindeki çabalarıyla, tüm sosyal bilim camiasında her zaman görüşleriyle göz önünde bulundurulması gereken bir isim olmuştur. Bir veri toplama tekniği olan doküman analizinin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, Oskay’ın kitap, çevirileri ve makalelerinden oluşan tabir-i caizse külliyatının bir panoraması ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak Oskay, 1960’larda (Ankara Üniversitesi’nde asistan iken) daha çok toplumbilim temalı eserleri Türkçe’ye kazandırırken, kendi kaleme aldığı makaleleri ise iletişim alanından uzaktır. En çok eseri doçent olduğu 1982 yılında veren Oskay’ın çalışmaları teorik olup, ampirik bir çalışması bulunmamaktadır.
Assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding Electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation among second year B.Sc. Nursing students
Authors: Rose Kuriakose Juby , Mary Hemalatha , Susee Prabha Anmol , Sebastin Ashly , Jesline Blessy , Lilly James Merin
Published: August 2022

Background: World Health Organization reports that non-communicable diseases are responsible for about 70% of worldwide deaths. Electrocardiography is the most commonly used diagnostic test in cardiology. Nurses being a member of health team should be able to interpret ECG finding up to her extent of practice needed in clinical settings. Objectives: 1. To assesses the level of knowledge regarding ECG interpretation among second year B.Sc. nursing students. 2. To assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme (STP) on level of knowledge regarding ECG interpretation among second year B.Sc. nursing students. 3. To determine the association between pre-test knowledge scores regarding ECG interpretation with selected sample characteristics. Methodology: The research design used for this study was pre experimental, one group pre-test post-test design. The study was conducted at St. Philomena’s College of Nursing in Bengaluru, Karnataka. The sample size selected for this study consists of 60 2nd year B.Sc. nursing students. Non- probability consecutive sampling technique was used to select the samples. The tool used in this study was socio-demographic profile of nursing students and structured knowledge questionnaire. Result: In the pre-test, none of the samples had good knowledge, whereas 4 (6.7%) samples had average knowledge and 56(93.3%) of them had poor knowledge. In the post-test, 9(15%) had good knowledge, whereas 26 (43.3%) samples had average knowledge and 25 (41.7%) of them had poor knowledge. The mean post- test knowledge (31.45) score was higher than the mean pre-test (15.12). The scores predicted the significant difference (16.33) at p<0.05 level. The calculated “z” value was (10.96) at p <0.05 level of significance, which indicated the significant difference in the level of knowledge before and after the implementation of structured teaching program. It was also found that among socio-demographic variables none had association with the knowledge of 2nd year B.Sc. nursing students. Conclusion: From the findings of the study, it was concluded that the structured teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge of 2nd year B.Sc. nursing students. Periodic updating of knowledge and skill regarding ECG interpretation must be strictly done among nursing students through repeated classes, demonstrations and assessments.
Breast Cancer Survivorship among Indian Women: An Overview
Authors: Srivastava Sunita , Kumar Anil
Published: August 2022

Breast and cervical cancers are the two most common cancers among Indian women. Due to the improved diagnosis and treatment modalities, survival rates have been steadily increasing. Diagnosis and treatment of cancer bring many physical and psychological changes. However, the irony is that the treating team and family members tend to focus on the treatment of cancer. This review paper made a modest attempt to explore the availability of published literature on breast cancer survivorship health issues from an Indian perspective. It also aims to delineate the differences in the survivorship needs of rural and urban Indian women. There is a paucity of literature on breast cancer survivorship and its issues. The majority of the issues were related to physical problems secondary to cancer treatment. Softer issues such as information needs, counselling, body image alterations, changes in clothing, avoidance of society, mental distress, support, body image disturbance, and decreased sexual desires.
Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and Knowledge regarding Premenstrual Syndrome and its Management among Girls
Authors: Joseph Nelma , Poonely Ligy , N.C Alice
Published: August 2022

The present study was done to assess the prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) among girls, to identify the severity of PMS, to assess the knowledge regarding PMS and its management, to find the association between prevalence of PMS and selected socio-demographic variables, menstrual details and Body Mass Index (BMI) and determine the association between knowledge regarding PMS and its management and selected socio-demographic variables. The sample consisted of 100 girls who have attained menarche of age group 18-20 years by convenience sampling technique. The design used was descriptive survey design with quantitative approach. The tools used were structured questionnaire for socio-demographic, menstrual details and knowledge regarding PMS and its management. Biophysical variable was assessed by the investigator herself and four point rating scale was used to assess prevalence and severity of PMS. The findings of the present study were that the prevalence of PMS was 73% among the girls based on the American College of Obstetrician and Gynaecologist (ACOG) diagnostic criteria. More than half (69.86%) of the samples have moderate PMS. About 88% of the samples had average knowledge, 9% had poor knowledge and 3% had good knowledge regarding PMS and its management. There is significant association between prevalence of PMS with age in years (χ²=6.48, P<0.05) and there is significant association between level of knowledge regarding PMS and its management with monthly family income (χ²=15.956, P<0.05). Hence the study concluded that prevalence of PMS is 73%. Socio-demographic variables have an influence on prevalence of PMS and knowledge regarding PMS and its management.
A Correlational Study to assess the knowledge and practice of diet on Dysmenorrhea and occurrence of Dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls in a selected nursing college at Kollam
Authors: Pankaj Soumya , Thomas Shereen , Jose Ancy , J Angelchintu , Stephen Litty , Mary Thomas Susy
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is the painful menstruation of sufficient magnitude as to incapacitate day to day activities. Food customs are speculated to not only influence the present lifestyle but also to induce gynecological disorders such as dysmenorrhea and irregular menstruation daily eating habits of the women significantly affect reproductive changes. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the correlation between the practice of diet on dysmenorrhea and occurrence of dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls in a selected nursing college at Kollam. Methodology: Quantitative approach with correlational research study undertaken in Holy Cross College of Nursing, Kollam. Non probability purposive sampling was used as sampling technique. The samples consist of 60 adolescent girls. The self-prepared and content validated structured questionnaire, checklist and WaLLIDD Score were used for the data collection. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The results showed that among 60 adolescent girls, 40% (24) have adequate knowledge and 60% (36) have moderate knowledge. In case of practice of diet on dysmenorrhea, 22(36.7%) has good practice and 38(63.3%) have poor practice. Karl Pearson co-efficient of correlation r =-0.107 shows that the practice of diet on dysmenorrhea was negatively correlated with occurrence of dysmenorrhea. At 0.05 level of significance, there is no association between knowledge on dysmenorrhea and selected sociodemographic variable. Conclusion: The study outcome revealed that the practice of diet on dysmenorrhea was inversely proportional to the occurrence of dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls.
The effects of Area of Residence, Family structure among Adolescents' perceived parenting Styles: A Demographical Study in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Akurathi Subhashini
Published: August 2022

The objective of the present study is to find the effects of Area of Residence, family structure on Adolescents' perceived parenting styles. A demographical study in Andhra Pradesh. Background: The rural population is more homogenous in social, racial, and psychological traits that negatively correlate with heterogeneity. (Most are agriculturists are directly connected with agriculture). More heterogeneous than rural. Urbanity and heterogeneity are positively co-related (Different population types are seen in cities, different places, religions, caste, class race, community, economic and cultural differences, occupations, and behavioural patterns are also different). Family structure is in the form of two types. Nuclear and joint families differ in the support that each inherently offers, affecting adolescents' behaviour. Method: present study sampled 1208 male and female high school seniors from three schools in Andhra Pradesh and Area of residence, family structure relationship to parenting styles. Seniors completed a demographic survey that gathered family structure information and the number of disciplinary incidents, and they also completed a parenting style survey that measured parents parenting modes. R.L.Bharadwaj seven parenting styles tool administered to respondents in order to find the middle adolescents perceived parenting styles. Conclusion: the study found that adolescents from urban and rural, semi-urban showed a significant difference in lenient standards and moralism practices. Analysis revealed that adolescents living with joint and nuclear families using a neglecting parenting style were less likely to receive disciplinary incidents compared to adolescents living with joint family structure. Previous research suggested that an authoritative parenting style tends to benefit adolescents regardless of the family structure. Implications Present study results summarize that area of residence (Rural, Urban, and Semi-urban) showed significant differences in Andhra Pradesh middle adolescents' perceived parenting styles. The study implies that nuclear family middle adolescents perceiving parenting style significantly differed on neglecting to a parent than joint family respondents perceiving parenting style.
A Descriptive Study to Identify the Cultural Beliefs related to Pregnancy among Antenatal Mothers in Rural Areas, Chakeisiani, BBSR, Odisha
Authors: Panda Anuradha , Pradhan Ashabari , Pradhan Suchismita , Nath Bidisha
Published: August 2022

The term maternal health includes the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period it provides the health care in dimension of prenatal, intra natal and postnatal care in order to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality rates. Due to certain cultural beliefs during pregnancy may cause maternal morbidity and mortality rates. A Nonexperimental descriptive research design was undertaken on 30 antenatal women in Chakeishiani, Bhubaneswar selected by purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through check list method with selected variables age, religion, education, gestational age, occupation, parity of mother, type of family regarding cultural beliefs related to pregnancy. The data collected were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Among all antenatal mothers 93.3% mothers were beliefs that mother should not wear new saree during pregnancy time and 6.6 % mothers were believed that during pregnancy if she sleeps or sit in front of door then she will give birth a baby with blunt nose. The study findings imply that antenatal mothers are following certain cultural beliefs during pregnancy time.
A Small Step to Improve Tibial Alignment in Knee Replacement
Authors: Godghate Ninad
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Though total Knee replacement has proved to be a rewarding surgery for patients with end stage knee arthritis, errors in surgical technique leading to malalignment of components can lead to early failure. The aim of this study was to increase the accuracy in identifying the centre of ankle joint which is the first step in achieving a proper tibial cut for a well placed tibial implant. Technique: We propose a simple, reproducible technique to locate centre of ankle under image intensifier. Results: The above technique was used in 30 patients who were operated by two surgeons during a period of 6 months from January 2022 to June 2022. Post-op measurements of the alignment of tibial implant were done electronically on computer and physically on X-rays. 21 of the 30 cases (70%) had good placement of the implant within 1 degree of ideal alignment and 9 (30%) within 2 degrees. Discussion: A correct proximal tibia cut for a well aligned tibial component is achieved with the help of precise application of the cutting jigs. Extramedulalry jigs used to make the proximal tibia cut have to be aligned parallel to the axis of the tibia and centred over the midpoint of talus. Several methods have been proposed by various authors to locate centre of the ankle joint. However, at present there is no consensus on the best method. Even computer navigation relies on accurate feeding of anatomical reference points which is done manually. Conclusion: Our technique is precise, accurate, repeatable, objective and less time consuming. It adds value to achieving the final aim of a good implant position. The technique has a dual advantage as it gives a better estimate of not only the centre of the ankle but also the centre of the distal tibial mechanical axis.
Preschool Teachers’ Attitudes towards Inclusive Education: A Survey in Indonesia and Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Wu Chi , Herli Salim , Yun Chang Ching , Jiraporn Chano
Published: August 2022

The study measures the attitudes of preschool teachers towards inclusive education in Taiwan and Indonesia with the Scale of Preschool Teachers’ Attitudes towards Inclusion (SPTAI). A total of 637 participants (Indonesian = 233 and Taiwan = 404) participated in the survey. SPATI, developed in the study, was composed of 18 items, designated in a five-point Likert Scale with a response spanning from “strongly disagree (1)” to “strongly agree (5)”. Four factors were extracted from SPTAI via exploratory factor analysis which explained 62.56% of the variance. Cronbach’s alpha for the overall scale was .93 and coefficients for the four factors were .83, .84, .82, and .70, respectively. Overall, the average scores of SPATI in Indonesia and Taiwan were 3.65 and 3.20, which exceeded the mid-point of 3.0; and the difference between the two countries was statistically significant (t = 10.98, p < .001). Results indicated that the preschool teachers in Indonesia stood between “neutral” and “somewhat agree” with leaning towards the latter. The “Taiwan preschool teachers upheld positive attitudes of inclusive education but yet their stance was more “neutral”. Significantly, Indonesian teachers were even more favourable to inclusive education than their Taiwanese counterparts. Several reasons that might explain the difference between these two countries are discussed in the study.
Effective Contact Tracing System Minimizes COVID-19 Related Infections and Deaths: Policy Lessons to Reduce the Impact of Future Pandemic Diseases
Authors: Benati Igor , Coccia Mario
Published: August 2022

One of the fundamental questions in the presence of Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic crisis and in general of new pandemic diseases is to design effective policy responses to reduce the impact in the initial phase of diffusion, when appropriate therapies and drugs lack. This study analyses a main case study given by Italy, one of the first European countries to be damaged of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, this study focuses on health policy responses to the pandemic crisis across selected Italian regions that were the first areas to experience a rapid increase in confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19. The analysis of early regional health policies, from January to July 2020 (during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic), reveals that some regions have managed pandemic crisis with appropriate health policy responses based on: a) a timely and widespread testing of individuals, b) effective units of epidemiological investigation in a pervasive contact-tracing system to detect and isolate all infected people. This health policy response has reduced total deaths and negative effects of COVID-19 on health of people during the first pandemic wave, when are not available pharmaceutical interventions, such as vaccines and other antiviral drugs. This evidence in the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic provides important lessons to design an effective public health policy to constraint future pandemic waves driven by new variants and new viral agents, when appropriate drugs are not ready.
Collaboration Trumps Intelligence as a Predictor of Standard of Living
Authors: Ridley Dennis
Published: August 2022

Human beings are intelligent. More importantly, they are a social species capable of cooperation. Other animals in the kingdom can cooperate. But human beings further distinguish themselves by their innate ability to collaborate. They not only take care of their children they also take care of each other. The purpose of this paper is to compare the relative impacts of collaboration and intelligence on economic growth and development. We illustrate by data and analysis, that collaboration is superior to intelligence as a predictor of per capita real gross domestic product adjusted for purchasing power parity. Collaboration is found to be a statistically significant predictor and intelligence quotient (IQ) is not.