bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphogenesis of symbolic forms: a synthesizing formulation
Authors: Verstegen Ian
Published: December 2023

The publication of Wolfgang Wildgen’s Morphogenesis of Symbolic Forms: Meaning in Music, Art, Religion and Language is an opportune moment to reflect on the author’s extensive contributions to a dynamic semiotics, founded on catastrophe theory. Bringing together a number of investigations on a number of Cassirer-like “symbolic forms” like music, visual art, myth/religion and language, Wildgen provides an overarching system to weigh the semiotic resources of each of these bodies of knowledge as they contribute to the semiogenesis of the species. By comparing sensorial capacities, Wildgen helps us understand how and when a symbolic form can grow at all. Chapters devoted to each form explore their unique way of organizing knowledge. Using catastrophe primitives, Wildgen both bonds symbolic forms together while at the same time preserving Cassirer’s Enlightenment interest in evolution and the way in which new semiotic capacities grow and others can be discarded. The review ends with a consideration of the humanist’s misunderstanding of mathematical and natural science insights like Wildgen’s and explains how its rich results are to be utilized.
The role of deontic modality in the construction and mitigation of evaluation in hard news reporting
Authors: Rantsudu Boitshwarelo , Bartlett Tom
Published: December 2023

The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of deontic modality as a strategic means of mitigating evaluative meanings within and across texts. Evaluative meanings concern the function of language as used to express the speaker’s or writer’s subjective opinions, and such meanings have been extensively analysed through Appraisal framework. The framework has been used to account for evaluative/attitudinal meanings in texts, as well as dealing with the interaction of voices as one way through which speakers and writers can attribute evaluations to third parties in order to downplay or distance themselves from the evaluations that are expressed. Within the literature on Appraisal, however, the potential for deontic modality to mitigate subjective evaluation in texts has largely been overlooked and, thus, under-analysed. In this paper therefore, we develop a systems network for analysing the role of deontic modality and its interaction with other features as a tool for text analysis. We illustrate the distinctions in the network with examples of contrasting values from hard news stories that covered the 2011 public sector workers’ strike in Botswana and finish up with a short textual analysis to demonstrate how the consideration of deontic modality as a strategy of mitigation can not only enhance our understanding of how evaluative meanings are downplayed or overridden in texts, but also of how the distinctions between text types themselves can be blurred.
Liquid biopsy-based early tumor and minimal residual disease detection: New perspectives for cancer predisposition syndromes
Authors: Bohaumilitzky Lena , Gebert Johannes , Doeberitz Magnus von Knebel , Kloor Matthias , Ahadova Aysel
Published: December 2023

Genetic predisposition is one of the major measurable cancer risk factors. Affected patients have an enhanced risk for cancer and require life-long surveillance. However, current screening measures are mostly invasive and only available for certain tumor types. Particularly in hereditary cancer syndromes, liquid biopsy, in addition to monitoring therapy response and assessing minimal residual disease, holds great potential for surveillance at the precancerous stage and potentially even diagnostics. Exploring these options and future clinical translation could help reduce cancer risk and mortality in high-risk individuals and enhance patients’ adherence to tailored surveillance protocols.
The changing face of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) profiling: Factors that shape the landscape of methodologies, technologies, and commercialization
Authors: Bronkhorst Abel J. , Holdenrieder Stefan
Published: December 2023

Liquid biopsies, in particular the profiling of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), have long held promise as transformative tools in cancer precision medicine. Despite a prolonged incubation phase, ctDNA profiling has recently experienced a strong wave of development and innovation, indicating its imminent integration into the cancer management toolbox. Various advancements in mutation-based ctDNA analysis methodologies and technologies have greatly improved sensitivity and specificity of ctDNA assays, such as optimized preanalytics, size-based pre-enrichment strategies, targeted sequencing, enhanced library preparation methods, sequencing error suppression, integrated bioinformatics and machine learning. Moreover, research breakthroughs have expanded the scope of ctDNA analysis beyond hotspot mutational profiling of plasma-derived apoptotic, mono-nucleosomal ctDNA fragments. This broader perspective considers alternative genetic features of cancer, genome-wide characterization, classical and newly discovered epigenetic modifications, structural variations, diverse cellular and mechanistic ctDNA origins, and alternative biospecimen types. These developments have maximized the utility of ctDNA, facilitating landmark research, clinical trials, and the commercialization of ctDNA assays, technologies, and products. Consequently, ctDNA tests are increasingly recognized as an important part of patient guidance and are being implemented in clinical practice. Although reimbursement for ctDNA tests by healthcare providers still lags behind, it is gaining greater acceptance. In this work, we provide a comprehensive exploration of the extensive landscape of ctDNA profiling methodologies, considering the multitude of factors that influence its development and evolution. By illuminating the broader aspects of ctDNA profiling, the aim is to provide multiple entry points for understanding and navigating the vast and rapidly evolving landscape of ctDNA methodologies, applications, and technologies.
The utility of liquid biopsy in clinical genetic diagnosis of cancer and monogenic mosaic disorders
Authors: Hallermayr Ariane , Keßler Thomas , Steinke-Lange Verena , Heitzer Ellen , Holinski-Feder Elke , Speicher Michael
Published: December 2023

Liquid biopsy for minimally invasive diagnosis and monitoring of cancer patients is progressing toward routine clinical practice. With the implementation of highly sensitive next-generation sequencing (NGS) based assays for the analysis of cfDNA, however, consideration of the utility of liquid biopsy for clinical genetic testing is critical. While the focus of liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis is the detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as a fraction of total cell-free DNA (cfDNA), cfDNA analysis reveals both somatic mosaic tumor and germline variants and clonal hematopoiesis. Here we outline advantages and limitations of mosaic and germline variant detection as well as the impact of clonal hematopoiesis on liquid biopsy in cancer diagnosis. We also evaluate the potential of cfDNA analysis for the molecular diagnosis of monogenic mosaic disorders.
Effects of Reduced and Altered Use of Social Networking Sites— A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Wolgast Martin , Lundberg Katja , Palmqvist Eric , Wolgast Sima
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate the effects of changes in both quantity and quality of use of social networking sites (SNS) on measures of anxiety, depression, stress, self-esteem, loneliness, problematic social media use, and present focused awareness. Method: Participants were randomly assigned to three different conditions: reducing SNS time to 30 minutes per day, using SNS passively; and a control condition. Results: The results indicated that both reduced and altered SNS use had significant positive effects on present focused awareness and reductions in problematic social media use. In addition, reduced SNS use led to reductions in symptoms of stress and depression, as well as increases in self-esteem. Discussion: The study provides experimental support for the hypothesis that reduced use of social networking sites leads to positive effects on measures of psychological well-being in young adults.
Psychoanalytic Contributions to Psychodynamic Psychiatry: Freud's Anxiety Theory
Authors: Corradi Richard B.
Published: December 2023

In many academic centers a generation of psychiatrists has undergone training with little or no exposure to Freud's contributions to our profession. Our profession is diminished if we ignore Freud's remarkable insights into the human psyche. Not only does Freud give us a comprehensive theory of human nature—of our mental life and its psychopathology—his concepts are foundational to dynamic psychiatry and its psychotherapeutic application. This article describes one of his core concepts: Freud's theory of anxiety.
Shared Fragility—Contemplating the Impact of Patients' Suicides on Clinicians
Authors: Rajagopalan Arvind , Teck Samuel Cheng Eng , Sng Andre Tay Teck
Published: December 2023

The experience of patient suicide can have a profound impact on clinicians, yet there are limited opportunities for them to express and process their emotional responses. We organized a reflective group session for psychiatrists in Singapore who had encountered patient suicides. Ten psychiatrists participated, with five in the “inner” group (those who had experienced patient suicide) and the remaining five forming the “outer” group. Led by a senior psychiatrist trained in psychodynamic psychotherapy, the inner group shared their reflections on patient suicides, while the outer group provided their insights thereafter. Participants provided written feedback about their session experiences. The session was recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to identify key themes. Three main narrative themes emerged from the analysis. Firstly, there was the acute response to the suicide, involving intense emotional reactions. Secondly, the relationship between clinicians and patients with suicidal thoughts was explored, encompassing countertransferential responses, superego defenses, and resulting anxiety. Lastly, the study examined how clinicians feel about suicidality itself, shedding light on complex attitudes and perceptions. Our findings confirm previous research, indicating that the response to patient suicide is stressful and traumatic for clinicians, who grapple with emotions such as grief, guilt, incompetence, and fear. Moreover, we delve into the intricate connections clinicians have with the concept of suicidality, shaped not only by their own experiences but also by the insights of those who have yet to confront patient suicide. The reflections shared by the participants emphasize the significance of establishing therapeutic spaces for clinicians to process these complex emotions effectively.
Ketamine-Assisted Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
Authors: Cottone John G.
Published: December 2023

This case report details the treatment of a longtime psychodynamic psychotherapy patient, with a particular focus on a ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) session, and how the progress achieved during this session compares with the literature on KAP. The patient is a 54-year-old woman with a history of multiple traumas, including sexual assault and life-threatening physical injuries, as well as a recent diagnosis of primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). For most of her life, she relied on extreme idealization of important people in her life as her primary defense mechanism, helping her to maintain physical and psychological survival. However, after a KAP session in January 2023 she discovered the consequences of her extreme idealizing tendencies. Among these was the creation of troubling double binds for the people she idealized, as well as the fomentation of conflict between these individuals with each other. Also unconscious was the secondary gain offered by her escalating physical symptoms and pain—that is, the ability to resolve conflicts between those she idealized—and how this secondary gain increased the likelihood of symptom exacerbations during periods of conflict. After the discovery of these unconscious tendencies during her KAP session, the patient has since been able to avoid extreme idealization of important people in her life and has subsequently experienced fewer episodes of exacerbation of her physical symptoms. Consistent with the opinions of clinicians and researchers published in the literature, the achievement of a psychedelic trance state appeared necessary for the success of the patient's KAP treatment.
A percepção dos jovens brasileiros sobre política e democracia
Authors: Viscarra Simone Piletti , da Silva Barbosa Bruna
Published: December 2023

Este trabalho analisa a cultura política dos jovens brasileiros entre 17 a 24 anos, considerando seus comportamentos, atitudes, valores e ações subjetivas acerca da esfera política e da democracia. Para isso foi realizada uma análise comparada, cuja fonte de dados foram a 6ª e 7ª ondas da World Values Survey (WVS), aplicadas no Brasil nos anos de 2014 e 2018. Tem-se como pergunta de pesquisa a seguinte questão: Politicamente, quais as orientações políticas do jovem eleitor brasileiro em relação ao sistema político democrático? Em termos teóricos, foram empregados textos orientados pela Cultura Política, que colocam os valores subjetivos dos indivíduos como parte do processo de construção e manutenção de uma estrutura política democrática e legítima, ou seja, que permitem mensurar a qualidade de um sistema político para além de valores normativos e institucionais. Dentre os conceitos em que o trabalho se apoia teoricamente, foram considerados os seguintes: interesse por política, participação política, e percepção acerca da democracia. Em termos analíticos, esta é uma investigação de natureza quantitativa e longitudinal, que permite observar se há mudanças no comportamento político dos jovens nos últimos anos. Como principal resultado tem-se que o perfil político dos jovens brasileiros entre os anos de 2014 e 2018 pode ser considerado de sujeição, visto que suas respostas apresentam ambivalência em questões avaliativas, que se divergem com as de cunho cognitivas e afetivas.
Functioning of the Integrated System of Care for Stroke Patients Treated with Mechanical Thrombectomy Based on the Case Report
Authors: Borodzicz Adriana , Bąk Ewelina , Drabczak Iwona , Krzemińska Sylwia
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Mechanical thrombectomy is a treatment method used in the event of ischemic stroke, caused by obstruction of a large artery. This method is used to treat stroke in its acute phase. An integrated health care system is about placing the patient in need of help at the centre of the procedure. In such a system, the patient receives support and treatment methods in various fields and from various specialists.

Aim. The aim of the work is to present the issue of introduction and implementation of the program of treatment of patients after stroke by means of mechanical thrombectomy.

Case Report. The research material in the work was medical documentation of patients of the neurology department, and scientific literature. The research method was the individual case method, analysis of literature and medical documentation.

Conclusions. A very well-implemented pilot program of mechanical thrombectomy treatment, with specific guidelines, standards, rules of conduct, contact methods, contributes to reducing mortality due to ischemia strokes. (JNNN 2023;12(2):92–97)
VEGAN BESLENMEDE ALTERNATİF SÜT ÜRÜNLERİ: TEKNOLOJİK VE BESLENME YÖNÜ
Authors: ALTINAY Canan , ŞANLI Tuba
Published: December 2023

Sütün besleyici birçok faydasına rağmen son yıllarda bazı tüketiciler tarafından süt alternatifi ürünlere eğilim artmıştır. Etik, çevresel nedenler, hayvan refahı ve sağlık sorunları sebebiyle hayvansal gıda tüketmeyen kitle tarafından hayvan sütüne alternatif olan bitkisel bazlı ürünler tüketilmektedir. Bitki bazlı alternatif ürünler diyet lifleri, mineraller, vitaminler ve antioksidan maddeler açısından sağlık üzerine olumlu katkı sağlamakla birlikte ticari bitki bazlı alternatif ürünler bazı besin bileşenleri açısından yetersizdir. Ayrıca söz konusu ürünler renk ve kıvam özellikleri yönünden inek sütüne benzemesine rağmen tat ve aroma özellikleri açısından yetersizdir. Bitki bazlı alternatifler katı partiküller, proteinler, yağ kürecikleri ve nişasta granüllerini içeren kolloidal sistemlerdir. Üretim basamakları temelde ön işlemler, öğütme, süzme, katkı maddeleri ilavesi, homojenizasyon ve pastörizasyon aşamalarını kapsamaktadır. Son ürünün besin bileşimi ve koloidal stabilitesi büyük ölçüde hammadde bileşenlerine, işleme koşullarına ve depolamaya bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Bu derlemede, bitki bazlı alternatif ürünlerin bileşim özellikleri ve üretim teknolojisi hakkında önceki araştırmalar incelenmiş ve bulguları özetlenmiştir.
Mobility and Globalization
Authors: Khondker Habibul Haque
Published: December 2023

Mobility, viewed empirically as the movement of people, capital, technology, institutions, ideas, ideological systems, and knowledge, is the most visible face of globalization. Mobility is central to the process of globalization marking ageless continuity. Although some writers define the present phase (twentieth and twenty-first century) of globalization as the “age of migration,” historical human migration—both involuntary and voluntary—characterized earlier phases of history just as well. The so-called free movement of labor in the present phase of globalization hides forms of slavery and bonded labor that continue to characterize twenty-first-century globalization. An examination of the mobility of people in the first quarter of the twenty-first century will illustrate the seesaw-like tendency of a borderless and bordered world, which reveals the contradictions of globalization with implications for both mobilities of people and dissemination or mobility of scientific knowledge and technology. The present chapter takes an interdisciplinary perspective to examine the intersectionality of mobility and globalization.
The Changing Face of Globalization: World Order Crisis, (In)security Challenges, and Russia’s Adaptation to Globalization
Authors: Kochtcheeva Lada V.
Published: December 2023

International trends associated with the crisis of the world order, the strengthening of the positions of non-Western players, the uncertain global cooperation, as well as the COVID-19-related health crisis entail a change in the role, place, and prominence of globalization. While the processes of globalization face many challenges, more pragmatic and realistic assessments of the phenomenon have taken place. Globalization did not come to an end and the logic of global economic, social, technological, and informational advances even promise a new phase of globalization. However, the changing mode of globalization created variable domestic responses to global forces that became unpredictable and unstable. Globalization processes develop at different rates, with different outcomes in different countries of the world. The crisis of the global liberal world order that has applied many brakes on various engines of globalization forces us to rethink the role and position of Russia, one of the major non-Western players in the world. Russia’s response to globalization takes the form of a controversial adjustment to the rapidly changing external environment. Russia is developing its own vision of globalization and international politics, cultivating a pragmatic strategy based on selective and cautious receptiveness in pursuit of national interests.
EFFECTS OF FAMILY PRESERVATION SERVICES ON FAMILY COHESION: VIEWS OF FAMILY HEADS
Authors: Zimba Zibonele , Tanga Pius , Ntshongwana Zintle
Published: December 2023

Family preservation services are considered essential and allow children to be with their families, which by implication, avoids their placement outside family care. This article presents the views of family heads on the effects of family preservation services, such as time spent together and connectedness. The findings of the study emerged from the qualitative approach, which entailed conducting semi-structured interviews with 20 family heads. Adverse circumstances such as travelling distances, lack of communication from professionals and fear of communal judgement faced by families during family preservation services are also addressed. The study nevertheless concludes that family preservation services are a mechanism to rebuild families. Keywords: child protection servics, family, family cohesion, family preservation services, social work, family care
SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS AND VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT WITH WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS: EVIDENCE AND LESSONS FROM THE CLOTHING BANK, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Raniga Tanusha
Published: December 2023

Female-headed households often benefit from engaging in sustainable livelihoods and value chain development approaches to enhance income security. In this article, the researcher employs a qualitative methodology to study how women entrepreneurs (N=20) selected from The Clothing Bank solve poverty-related problems. This article discusses three strategies relevant to value chain development: access to assets, dealing with risks when reinvesting capital, and enabling multiple stakeholder support. The article concludes with some considerations to bridge the gap between social work and social entrepreneurship to advance developmental social work research. Keywords: feminisation of poverty, sustaining livelihoods, value chain development, women entrepreneurs, female-headed household
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COPING STRATEGIES AND SECONDARY TRAUMATIC STRESS AMONG FORENSIC SOCIAL WORKERS IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Mashego Baatseba Babra , Boshoff Pieter John , Fourie Erika
Published: December 2023

Forensic social work in South Africa is challenging, increasing the likelihood of secondary traumatic stress among its practitioners. Proactive coping strategies are necessary to reduce the impact of secondary traumatic stress on forensic social workers. The aim of this study was to describe the association between the frequency of different coping strategies and the frequency of secondary traumatic stress symptoms in forensic social workers. The study applied a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional descriptive design. An all-inclusive willing participation sampling method was used, focusing on all qualified forensic social workers who graduated from a South African university. The study found that avoidant and emotion-focused coping strategies were linked to an increase in secondary traumatic stress symptoms. Employers and therapists can support forensic social workers by offering techniques that encourage the use of problem-focused coping strategies, aiming to alleviate symptoms of perceived secondary traumatic stress. Keywords: coping, forensic social work, secondary traumatic stress, trauma symptoms, symptoms
APPLICATION OF THE ELECTRICAL CHAIN MODEL FOR SEARCH SHORTEST PATH IN A WEIGHTED DIRECTED GRAPH
Authors:   Odesa Polytechnic National University, Hnatenko Valerii , Stupen Pavlo ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Dikusar Ekateryna ,   Odesa Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Attempts to solve optimization problems using nonlinear schemes have a long history. The impossibility of the transition process in the classical model of the Dennis electric circuit is noted with ideal elements. In order for the transient process to proceed in such a circuit, it is proposed to attach charge accumulators to the nodes of the circuit. Calculation of the transient process in the electrical model of a weighted directed graph with accumulators can be carried out by fixing the time intervals through which it is possible to calculate the values of the charges at the nodes of the graph. This allows you to get an accurate picture of the transition process of the electrical circuit model for finding the shortest path in a weighted directed graph. Keywords: Transition process, optimization problems, modelling, electric circuit, nonlinear schemes.
Asistencia legal, honorarios y costas ante el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Carvajal Martínez Jorge Enrique , Guzmán Rincón Andrés Mauricio , Aguirre Jaramillo Andrés Eduardo
Published: December 2023

Promover un caso ante la Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos puede generar un elevado costo, por los tiempos procesales y por los gastos que se requieren. Las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales y abogados litigantes que llevan conflictos en cortes internacionales son conscientes de esta situación, también lo son las instituciones delSistema Interamericano. El presente artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar la manera en que se establecen los honorarios a los servicios legales y costas ante el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos. Para ello se acudió a un método de orden cualitativo, para lo cual se recurrió al análisis documental y jurisprudencial. Se logró concluir que existen criterios por parte del Sistema Interamericano para establecer los honorarios y costas en los cuales se incurre cuando se accede al sistema.
Explorando el concepto y la práctica de la justicia restaurativa: un análisis integral
Authors: Posada González Jonathan
Published: December 2023

Este artículo se adentra en la exploración y reflexión en torno a la justicia restaurativa, examinando cómo su aplicación puede contribuir a resolver conflictos tanto estructurales como culturales en contextos sociales y académicos. Comenzaremos por definir el concepto de justicia restaurativa, sus principios fundamentales y cómo se compara con el enfoque tradicional de la justicia. Luego, analizaremos su aplicación en entornos escolares, abordando los desafíos que esta metodología enfrenta en este ámbito, así como los beneficios que puede aportar a través de su implementación. Posteriormente, exploraremos la aplicación de prácticas restaurativas en comunidades, examinando los aspectos sociales en los que se experimenta y cómo estas prácticas pueden promover la reconciliación entre los miembros de una comunidad. Por último, se abordarán las críticas a la justicia restaurativa, se propondrán mejoras posibles y se esbozarán direcciones para futuras investigaciones en este campo. Este artículo defiende la necesidad de superar el paradigma de la justicia tradicional como único enfoque para alcanzar una sociedad equitativa. En su lugar, aboga por la búsqueda de alternativas para la resolución de conflictos, como el diálogo, los encuentros comunitarios y la racionalidad, como elementos esenciales en la construcción de una sociedad justa desde una perspectiva social.
El papel de las ideas, valores y creencias del líder en la definición y acciones de política exterior: España 2000-2008
Authors: GARCÍA-CALVO Carola
Published: December 2023

Este artículo pretende ser una primera aproximación al estudio de la relación existente entre diferentes ideas, creencias y valores personales de los líderes, que conforman distintas visiones del mundo, y la definición de la política exterior de un Estado. Superando la premisa de la preeminencia del “interés general” como directriz básica de la política exterior, este artículo pretende aportar una prueba empírica de la existencia, o no, de “estilos” personales de política exterior a partir del estudio del caso español entre 2000 y 2008. A través de una metodología que combina técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas, el artículo concluye, en primer lugar, que de las ideas, creencias y valores de los líderes ?que conforman corpus político-filosóficos particulares? emanan distintas visiones del mundo. En segundo, que en la ruptura del consenso en la política exterior española a partir de 2000 pesaron efectivamente estas ideas, creencias y valores; es decir, los rasgos ideológicos de los líderes (algo también facilitado por la tendencia presidencialista del sistema político español) y, por último, que la existencia de un Libro Blanco de política exterior consensuado por las distintas fuerzas políticas devolvería a este ámbito una estabilidad y previsibilidad no siempre existentes en los años estudiados.
Lealtades incómodas: argumentos y debates en torno a la presencia de España en Afganistán (2001-2009)
Authors: DEL VISO PABÓN Nuria
Published: December 2023

El artículo aborda la presencia de España en Afganistán desde 2001 y los argumentos esgrimidos para justificar o criticar la misión. Después de repasar el entorno general, el texto analiza las posiciones durante tres legislaturas de los gobiernos españoles responsables de la misión. El perfil discreto de España hasta 2008 no ha impedido un continuado aunque cauteloso aumento de su implicación. En 2009, con la victoria de Obama, se aprecia un cambio de tendencia y un apoyo más entusiasta a la operación. Igualmente, se analiza la evolución de las posiciones de los grupos parlamentarios y las tendencias en la opinión pública. El artículo concluye que, en una etapa de mayores compromisos, y en respuesta al respaldo a la misión que el gobierno pide a los ciudadanos, debe realizarse un proceso de reflexión y debate público sobre el papel de España en Afganistán; ello permitirá clarificar posiciones e idealmente alcanzar consensos.
Condicionantes sociales en el proceso de formación de potencias mundiales: un análisis de los países de ibsa a partir de un recorrido histórico
Authors: GIACCAGLIA Clarisa
Published: December 2023

La identificación a comienzos del nuevo siglo de un grupo de países como potencias en ascenso, ha reavivado el interés en torno a una nueva distribución del poder político y económico mundial. En efecto, estados como Brasil, India y Sudáfrica comenzaron a ser tenidos especialmente en cuenta tanto por parte de los sectores económicos y financieros trasnacionales como por los  diplomáticos y académicos. Este artículo aborda el debate generado por esta consideración de potencias mundiales que parecen no tener en cuenta indicadores sobre cuestiones socioeconómicas de sus respectivas poblaciones.
Los límites de la legalización en la economía internacional: un análisis histórico de la regulación de los flujos de inversión
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ ALONSO José Marcelino
Published: December 2023

El artículo presente realiza un recorrido histórico por las tensiones que se cernieron sobre el proceso de legalización internacional a propósito de las inversiones más allá de las fronteras nacionales. Con tal propósito, analiza los distanciamientos entre los diversos actores internacionales —Estados, fundamentalmente— respecto a las tres dimensiones inherentes a todo fenómeno de institucionalización en la arena mundial: obligación, precisión y delegación. Habida cuenta de que las tensiones referidas se vinculan —aunque nunca en forma plena— con las asimetrías político-económicas en el área particular (Estados exportadores/importadores de capital y/o Estados desarrollados/en desarrollo, en especial), el análisis de la legalización en la materia se entrecruza con consideraciones a propósito del “conflicto estructural” en el sistema internacional. El artículo parte de la premisa de que el análisis diacrónico de las tensiones mentadas coadyuva a entender porqué la regulación de las inversiones transfronterizas no alcanzó la institucionalización de un régimen internacional estable y comprehensivo, tal cual lo experimentado en otras áreas de la economía internacional. En la reflexión de tal anomalía, el artículo sostiene que a diferencia de otras transacciones económicas que transcurren a través de las fronteras nacionales, las operaciones de inversión generan consecuencias a largo plazo afectando consecuentemente a los atributos más caros de los Estados: la soberanía y a la autonomía.
Pensar la Diferencia - Introducción
Authors: TICKNER Arlene B. , BLANEY David L.
Published: December 2023

Son muchas las voces que se alzan para enfrentarse al dominio de Occidente, al que podríamos también llamar el núcleo o el centro, en el campo de las Relaciones Internacionales. Que esta disciplina es indiferente a las prácticas académicas y a las cuestiones políticas ajenas a dicho núcleo, e incluso las desprecia, y que sus herramientas conceptuales primarias, categorías analíticas y conceptos están escasamente preparados para comprender muchos de los problemas globales más importantes, es algo que no discuten más que un número sorprendentemente pequeño de académicos, incluso de los que pertenecen a corrientes mayoritarias. Y sin embargo, la estructura centro-periferia que gobierna el aparato de producción intelectual de las Relaciones Internacionales se ha mostrado relativamente inmune  a estas acusaciones.
El legado de Westfalia y la emergencia del postwesfalianismo en la seguridad regional de América del Sur
Authors: GUEDES DE OLIVEIRA Marcos Aurelio , DOMÍNGUEZ AVILA Carlos Federico
Published: December 2023

El presente artículo discute el legado de Westfalia y la emergencia de una realidad postwestfaliana en los primeros años del siglo XXI; ello con el propósito de aproximarse a los estudios de la seguridad regional vigente en América del Sur. Con base en acontecimientos históricos, sociales, políticos y económicos, se constata que las naciones sudamericanas aún están construyendo sus respectivos estados westfalianos fundamentados en instituciones nacionales modernas. Al mismo tiempo esas naciones deben hacer frente a ciertas transformaciones de naturaleza postwestfaliana, como el crimen transnacional. Nuestro argumento es que para entender la evolución de la seguridad regional, se hace necesario observar simultáneamente los paradigmas westfaliano y postwestfaliano. Los estados nacionales actúan de acuerdo a los principios de Westfalia,  aunque también buscan coordinar acciones colectivas y regionales con el propósito de encarar las transformaciones  de naturaleza regional y global que han sido colocadas por los desafíos y preocupaciones de seguridad  eminentemente postwestfalianos.
La confluencia entre estudios críticos de seguridad y seguridad humana: las dinámicas de inclusión y superación
Authors: LARENAS ÁLVAREZ Angie A.
Published: December 2023

El objetivo del artículo es analizar la posible confluencia entre los estudios críticos de seguridad y la seguridad humana. Para ello examinaremos, principalmente, aspectos ontológicos y epistemológicos vinculados a cada perspectiva. Comenzaremos por precisar el lugar que ocupan los estudios críticos de seguridad dentro del mapa de los estudios de seguridad y luego indagaremos en la diferenciación entre las teorías críticas y las teorías problem-solving. Expondremos las principales propuestas de los estudios críticos de seguridad centrándonos en la Escuela de Gales y dedicaremos un pequeño apartado a la relación entre seguridad, comunidad y emancipación. Por último, haremos una breve descripción del enfoque de seguridad humana para finalmente, desde la perspectiva de los estudios críticos de seguridad, analizar la confluencia señalada.
“There are no women here”. Gender Discourses in United Nations’ Peace Operations
Authors: SOLHJELL Randi
Published: December 2023

International Relations (IR) discipline is no longer only a man’s world. For decades, feminist IR scholars have managed to challenge the gender-blind and male-dominated discourses of security, power and conflict. However, and outside this academic bubble, in international politics more broadly, and with the United Nations Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) on Women, Peace and Security specifically, “gender” in relation to peace and security is often interpreted in narrow perspectives. The article discuss some of the feminist IR contribution to the Women, peace and security agenda and offers an empirical take on gender discourses that exists within a peace operation context based on multiple fieldwork studies on peacekeepers and national staff working for the UN operation in the Democratic Republic of Congo, MONUSCO. The author finds that gender is interpreted as a separate, women-only topic and outside the core mandated activity of state restoration and militarized protection and security. The interpretation of gender as women leads to the distorted assumption that it is irrelevant to men as “there are no women here”, as one peacekeeper put it. This gender essentialism is also reinforced by gender experts themselves in order to gain political leverage. I argue that framing women on the one hand in need for protection (victimhood) and as potential peacemakers is a sellable narrative to a masculinized Security Council as well as ‘robust’ UN peace operations.
Securitización: agendas de investigación abiertas para el estudio de la seguridad
Authors: VERDES-MONTENEGRO ESCANEZ Francisco Javier
Published: December 2023

En poco más de una década y media de recorrido, la teoría de la securitización impulsada por la Escuela de Copenhague se ha asentado en los Estudios Internacionales de Seguridad y las Relaciones Internacionales en general, dando pie a un intenso debate con importantes implicaciones ontológicas y epistemológicas, al mismo tiempo que ha abierto nuevas agendas de investigación.Tras exponer en qué contexto emerge esta teoría, este trabajo pretende en un primer momento revisar los postulados originales del enfoque de la securitización y, a la luz de las distintas críticas que han aflorado en estos años, revisar las agendas de investigación actuales y sintetizarlas en torno a cinco ejes, con vistas a dinamizar la discusión en torno a este enfoque teórico en la comunidad académica, especialmente en la hispanoparlante.
Entre promesas y realidades: La UNASUR y la creación de la Escuela Suramericana de Defensa
Authors: FRENKEL Alejandro
Published: December 2023

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo desandar el proceso de creación de la Escuela Suramericana de Defensa (ESUDE), inaugurada el pasado 17 de abril en el seno de la Unión de Naciones Suramericanas (UNASUR). Concebida como un paso fundamental para la concreción de uno de los principales objetivos del Consejo de Defensa Suramericano (CDS) —esto es, la generación de una identidad sudamericana de defensa— el artículo se propone identificar y analizar aquellos factores que impactaron positivamente en la realización de la Escuela y, al mismo tiempo, establecer cuáles son los procesos concomitantes que actúan como límites para su consolidación. Entre los primeros se encuentran la multidimensionalidad de la integración, la construcción de una identidad sudamericana, y la deslegitimación del espacio hemisférico. Entre los negativos, el alto grado de autonomía que ostentan las Fuerzas Armadas y las diferencias respecto de lo que entiende cada país por defensa y por seguridad.
Воєнний 2024-й: загадки для України
Authors: Горбулін Володимир Павлович , Бадрак Валентин Володимирович
Published: December 2023

У статті проаналізовано геополітичну ситуацію, яка на сьогодні склалася у світі і в центрі якої опинилася Україна. Наприкінці другого року широкомасштабної війни РФ проти України автори виокремлюють ключові «загадки» — виклики прийдешнього, 2024, року, від відповідей на які залежатиме, куди і яким шляхом піде майбутнє. Перша загадка пов'язана з рівнем допомоги Україні з боку наших партерів, друга — зі спроможністю України налагодити ефективну роботу власного ОПК, а третя — це, власне, успіхи на полі бою.
Efeitos dos tubos de ressonância para a voz de coristas idosos
Authors: Dalbosco Gadenz Camila , Machado de Figueredo Carla , Gonçalves Bos Ângelo , Cassol Mauriceia
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos do tubo de ressonância para a voz de coristas idosos. Métodos: trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado do tipo crossover que avaliou os efeitos imediatos e a curto prazo dos tubos de ressonância. Dois coros, um feminino e outro masculino, participaram da pesquisa, totalizando 25 coristas. Os participantes foram randomizados em dois grupos, o primeiro iniciando com a técnica dos tubos de ressonância e, o segundo, com a oficina de higiene vocal. Antes e depois de cada intervenção, os coristas foram avaliados por meio da mensuração dos tempos máximos de fonação e foram registradas as amostras vocais para posterior avaliação perceptivo-auditiva e análise acústica da voz. Após a realização do exercício com o tubo de ressonância, os participantes foram também questionados em relação à sua autopercepção vocal e se houve alguma sensação de desconforto. Resultados: não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas ao comparar os resultados das avaliações intra e intergrupo. Entretanto, pode-se observar uma redução discreta dos índices de ruído após a realização do exercício com o tubo de ressonância. Além disso, mais da metade dos participantes relatou fazer menos esforço à fonação sentindo a emissão vocal mais clara e estável. Conclusão: a técnica dos tubos de ressonância demonstrou promover efeitos positivos para a qualidade vocal de coristas idosos, dentre eles, o maior conforto fonatório e uma emissão vocal mais clara, relatados pelos participantes do estudo, sugerindo, portanto, que a técnica pode ser utilizada como uma estratégia para a manutenção da saúde vocal e promoção da longevidade da voz em idosos.
Reconsidering item response categories in gaming disorder symptoms measurement
Authors: King Daniel L. , Nogueira-López Abel , Galanis Christina R. , Hamamura Toshitaka , Bäcklund Christian , Giardina Alessandro , Billieux Joël , Delfabbro Paul H.
Published: December 2023

Gaming disorder (GD) screening often involves self-report survey measures to detect the presence of symptoms. Studies have shown that gamers' responses vary greatly across survey items. Some symptoms, such as preoccupation and tolerance, are frequently reported by highly engaged but non-problematic gamers, and therefore these symptoms are thought to lack specificity and are suggested to be less important in classification decisions. We argue that the influence of response categories (e.g., dichotomous responses, such as ‘yes’ or ‘no’; or frequency categories, such as ‘rarely’ and ‘often’) on item responses has been relatively underexplored despite potentially contributing significantly to the psychometric performance of items and scales. In short, the type of item response may be just as important to symptom reporting as the content of survey questions. We propose some practical alternatives to currently used item categories across GD tools. Research should examine the performance of different response categories, including whether certain response categories aid respondents' comprehension and insight, and better capture pathological behaviours and harms.
A kognitív érzelemszabályozás szerepe az evészavartünetekben egyes serdülőkori krónikus betegségekben
Authors: Cserép Melinda , Szabó Brigitta , Tóth-Heyn Péter , Luczay Andrea , Dezsőfi-Gottl Antal , Cseh Áron , Várnai Nikoletta , Pászthy Bea , Szabó J. Attila , Szumska Irena
Published: December 2023

Bevezetés: A krónikus betegségek evészavartünetekkel való
társulása fokozott figyelmet igényel a súlyos szövődmények lehetősége és a
mortalitási rizikó növekedése miatt. Az evészavarok és a szubklinikai
evészavarok maladaptív érzelemszabályozással járnak együtt, melyek kiváltó és
fenntartó tényezői is lehetnek a betegségnek. Ismereteink szerint a gyulladásos
bélbetegséggel és 1-es típusú diabetesszel élő serdülők kognitív
érzelemszabályozásának szerepét az evészavartüneteikben ez idáig még nem
vizsgálták. Célkitűzés: 14 és 18 év közötti serdülők körében
elemeztük a kognitív érzelemszabályozás és az evészavartünetek kapcsolatát,
különös tekintettel az 1-es típusú diabetesben és gyulladásos bélbetegségben
érintett fiatalokra. Kutatásunk arra irányult, hogy krónikus betegek
csoportjaiban kimutatható-e egyes kognitív érzelemszabályozó stratégiák szerepe
az evészavartünetekben. Módszer: Vizsgálatunkban 300 serdülő
töltötte ki tájékozott beleegyezés után a Kognitív Érzelemreguláció Kérdőívet és
a Pszichopatológiai Tünetlista Gyermekek és Serdülők Számára kérdőívet. A négy
vizsgálati csoportot 157, testileg egészséges serdülő, 51, gyulladásos
bélbetegség diagnózisával élő serdülő, 61, 1-es típusú diabetes diagnózisú
serdülő és 31, anorexia nervosa diagnózissal rendelkező serdülő alkotta.
Eredmények: Vizsgálatunk eredményei alapján a gyulladásos
bélbetegséggel élő fiatalok esetében a ruminatio és a pozitív átértékelés, az
1-es típusú diabetes diagnózisú serdülőknél pedig az önvád és a ruminatio
közvetett úton szignifikáns kapcsolatban állt az evészavartünetekkel.
Megbeszélés: Eredményeink arra utalnak, hogy a kognitív
érzelemszabályozó stratégiák a vizsgált krónikus betegséggel élő serdülők
körében indirekt módon kapcsolatban állnak az evészavartünetekkel. Az önvád és
ruminatio negatív érzelemszabályozó stratégiák gyakoribb alkalmazása növeli az
evészavartünetek előfordulását, ugyanakkor kisebb mértékű használatuk kevesebb
evészavartünettel jár együtt. A pozitív átértékelés nagyobb mértékű alkalmazása
kevesebb evészavartünettel jár együtt. Következtetés: A
kognitív érzelemszabályozó stratégiák vizsgálatát és fejlesztését javasoljuk
beépíteni a krónikus beteg serdülők komplex ellátásába. Orv Hetil. 2023;
164(48): 1895–1903.
INCOME TAX AND ZAKAT: A QUR'ANIC AND LEGAL PERSPECTIVE AND IT'S EFFECT ON STATE REVENUE
Authors: Hartati Neneng , Yuniarti Vinna Sri
Published: December 2023

This study aims to identify and describe the Qur'anic perspective on Income Tax and Zakat; know and describe the Perspective of Law Number 36 of 2008 concerning Income Tax; and know and describe the effect of tax on income and zakat on state revenue quantitatively. This research uses descriptive method with qualitative and quantitative approaches. This research was conducted at the Office of the Director General of Taxes Regional Office and National Amil Zakat Agency Bandung City and Sumedang Regency, with interview data collection techniques, and secondary data, namely data obtained from data processing from related agencies. The data analysis technique used is a qualitative approach with data triangulation and a quantitative approach with statistical analysis in the form of multiple regression. The results showed that first, based on the Qur'an, zakat is part of the fourth pillar of Islam. The relationship that occurs because of zakat is not only the relationship of Habluminallah but also the relationship of Habluminannash; second, the perspective of Law No. 36 of 2008 concerning Income Tax is part of the state tax, where the tax is used for the benefit of the state. Third, based on quantitative results obtained income tax and zakat funds affect state revenue with an influence contribution of 94.9% while the remaining 5.1% is influenced by other factors.
Orientalist Semiology in World of Interiors
Authors: Honerkamp Sophia
Published: December 2023

The Experiment is where scholars work out ideas out loud. In this edition, the Bulletin features an illustration of how Barthesian semiology can provide a useful framework through which to understand the operation of mythic language. Editorial Assistant Sophia Honerkamp performs a Close Reading of the July 2022 issue of interior design magazine The World of Interiors to examine manifestations of Orientalism and myth in everyday life. For Honerkamp, this example is an opportunity to explore the role of the audience in the perpetuation of myth, how mythic language evolves, and how to identify myth in active form.
The Use of Folklore in the Study of American Religion
Authors: Wentz Richard E
Published: December 2023

In The Archive, we republish an article that, in hindsight, may have been ahead of its time with its prescience. Our pull for this issue is a 1982 piece by Richard E. Wentz where he discusses the idea that American folk traditions should be used as an introduction to lead students into the realm of American Religion. Wentz believes it is important for students to learn these folk tales in order to have essential knowledge about the religious lives of “everyday people,” knowledge which Wentz believes is not being taught in academia or in American religious institutions.