bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Number of stars in the Sun’s birth cluster revisited
Authors: Arakawa Sota , Kokubo Eiichiro
Published: January 2023

The Sun is thought to have been formed within a star cluster. The coexistence of 26Al-rich and 26Al-poor calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions indicates that a direct injection of 26Al-rich materials from a nearby core-collapse supernova would be expected to occur in the first 105 years of the existence of the Solar System. Therefore, at least one core-collapse supernova ought to occur within the duration of star formation in the Sun’s birth cluster. Here, we revisit the number of stars in the Sun’s birth cluster from the point of view of the probability of experiencing at least one core-collapse supernova within the finite duration of star formation within the birth cluster. We find that the number of stars in the birth cluster may be significantly greater than that previously considered, depending on the duration of star formation.
Toward a population synthesis of disks and planets
Authors: Emsenhuber Alexandre , Burn Remo , Weder Jesse , Monsch Kristina , Picogna Giovanni , Ercolano Barbara , Preibisch Thomas
Published: January 2023

Aims. We want to find the distribution of initial conditions that best reproduces disc observations at the population level.

Methods. We first ran a parameter study using a 1D model that includes the viscous evolution of a gas disc, dust, and pebbles, coupled with an emission model to compute the millimetre flux observable with ALMA. This was used to train a machine learning surrogate model that can compute the relevant quantity for comparison with observations in seconds. This surrogate model was used to perform parameter studies and synthetic disc populations.

Results. Performing a parameter study, we find that internal photoevaporation leads to a lower dependency of disc lifetime on stellar mass than external photoevaporation. This dependence should be investigated in the future. Performing population synthesis, we find that under the combined losses of internal and external photoevaporation, discs are too short lived.

Conclusions. To match observational constraints, future models of disc evolution need to include one or a combination of the following processes: infall of material to replenish the discs, shielding of the disc from internal photoevaporation due to magnetically driven disc winds, and extinction of external high-energy radiation. Nevertheless, disc properties in low-external-photoevaporation regions can be reproduced by having more massive and compact discs. Here, the optimum values of the α viscosity parameter lie between 3 × 10−4 and 10−3 and with internal photoevaporation being the main mode of disc dispersal.
MEGADES: MEGARA galaxy disc evolution survey
Authors: Chamorro-Cazorla M. , Gil de Paz A. , Castillo-Morales Á. , Gallego J. , Carrasco E. , Iglesias-Páramo J. , García-Vargas M. L. , Pascual S. , Cardiel N. , Catalán-Torrecilla C. , Zamorano J. , Sánchez-Blázquez P. , Pérez-Calpena A. , Gómez-Álvarez P. , Jiménez-Vicente J.
Published: January 2023

The main interest of the science team for the exploitation of the MEGARA instrument at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) is devoted to the study of nearby galaxies. The focus lies on researching the history of star formation, and the chemical and kinematical properties of disc systems. We refer to this project as MEGADES: the MEGARA galaxy disc evolution survey. The initial goal of MEGADES is to provide a detailed study of the inner regions of nearby disc galaxies in terms of their spectrophotometric and chemical evolution, and to provide a dynamical characterisation by distinguishing the contribution of in situ and ex situ processes to the history of star formation and effective chemical enrichment of these regions. In addition, the dynamical analysis of these inner regions naturally includes the identification and characterisation of galactic winds that might be present in these regions. At a later stage, we will extend this study farther out in galactocentric distance. The first stage of this project encompasses the analysis of the central regions of 43 nearby galaxies observed with the MEGARA integral field unit for ~114 h, including both guaranteed time and open time observations. In this paper we provide a set of all the processed data products available to the community and early results from the analysis of these data regarding stellar continuum and ionised and neutral gas features.
Narrowing the allowed mass range of ultralight bosons with the S2 star
Authors: Della Monica Riccardo , de Martino Ivan
Published: January 2023

Aims.It is well known thatN-body simulations of ultralight bosons display the formation of a solitonic dark matter core in the innermost part of the halo. The scale-length of such a soliton depends on the inverse of the mass of the boson. On the other hand, the orbital motion of stars in the Galactic Center depends on the distribution of matter, no matter whether it is baryonic or dark, providing an excellent probe for the gravitational field of the region. In this Letter, we propose the S-stars in the Galactic Center as a new observational tool, complementary to other astrophysical systems, to narrow down the range of allowed values for an ultralight dark matter candidate boson mass.

Methods.We built mock catalogs mirroring the forthcoming astrometric and spectroscopic observations of S2 and we used a MCMC analysis to predict the accuracy down to which the mass of an ultralight boson may be bounded. We show that once complementary constraints are considered, this analysis will help to restrict the allowed range of the boson mass.

Results.Our analysis forecasts the boundary limit on the mass of an ultralight boson to be < 10−19eV at a 95% confidence level.
Retraction Note: Research on Key Technologies and Scenario Application of Emerging Business under the Energy Internet
Authors: Wang Yongli , Zhao Zihao , Huo Huijuan , Zhang Danyang , Zhu Jinrong , Qi Chengyuan
Published: January 2023

This paper has been formally retracted at the author’s request. Requestapproved by the proceedings Editor and the Publisher on September 13, 2022.
Space Debris Laser Ranging with range-gate-free Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector
Authors: Zhang Haitao , Li Yuqiang , Li Zhulian , Pi Xiaoyu , Yang Yongzhang , Tang Rufeng
Published: January 2023

Space Debris Laser Ranging (DLR) is a technique to measure range to defunct satellites, rocket bodies or other space targets in orbits around Earth. The analysis shows that one of the reasons for the low success probability of DLR is the inaccurate orbital prediction of targets. Then it is proposed to use the Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector (SNSPD) running in automatic-recoverable range-gate-free mode, in which case, the effect of the accuracy of the target’s orbital prediction on the success probability of DLR is greatly reduced. In this way, 249 space debris were successfully detected and 532 passes of data were obtained. The smallest target detected was the space-debris (902) with an orbital altitude of about 1000 km and a Radar Cross Section (RCS) of 0.0446 m2. The farthest target detected was the space-debris (12,445) with a large elliptical orbit and an RCS of 18.2505 m2, of which the range of the normal point (NPT) of the measured arc-segment on January 27, 2019 was 6260.805 km.
Analysis on the Development of Subway in a Pandemic City
Authors: Lei Xiangyue
Published: January 2023

The outbreak of COVID-19 poses a severe challenge to the epidemic prevention and control of urban public transport system. As the backbone of urban public transport, urban rail transit is one of the important links in the epidemic prevention and control of urban public transport system. It faces the challenge of heavy tasks and great pressure. Using the methods of questionnaire survey, field investigation and case analysis, this paper aims to find out how to improve the operation of the subway under the epidemic situation, and finally comes to a conclusion that there is need to further strengthen the control measures to deal with peak passenger flow concentration, and improve the emergency plan. Besides, a traceable and reliable epidemic prevention cooperation system should be created and a real-time dynamic interaction system should be built to open up the information barrier between passengers and operating units. Moreover, it is also important to improve the normalized and refined monitoring and early warning system for high-risk areas, as well as simplifying the display of passengers' personal information and realize automation, intelligence, and integration.
Construction of a Multi-level Medical Security Policy System for Poverty Alleviation in the Post-poverty Era
Authors: Xu Peiqi
Published: January 2023

The establishment of a multi-level medical security policy system have a more important impact on poverty alleviation in the post-poverty era. This study uses the third-party assessment survey data from Hubei and Jiangxi provinces and the 2018 National Sixth National Health Service Statistical Survey Report. From the perspective of disease risk and medical burden, assess the risk of poverty due to illness and medical security needs of the poor, and sort out the transition path and policy system of medical security policies for difficult groups in the post-poverty era, and deeply analyze the implementation effect and existing problems of current medical security poverty alleviation policies. and on this basis, the construction of the multi-level medical security poverty alleviation policy system is expounded from the aspects of social medical insurance and medical assistance, public health prevention and commercial medical insurance.
The Impact of Global Climate Change Policy on Employment—Environmental Regulation in the Context of Just Transition
Authors: Sun Tianzi
Published: January 2023

The air temperature has gradually grown since the globe entered the industrial period, leading to several issues, including global warming. The worldwide community has been debating the climate change extensively for more than ten years. The international community has also taken numerous actions on this problem, including the adoption of the "Paris Agreement," the "Kyoto Protocol," and the "United Nations Framework on Climate Change." This paper investigates how the environment and jobs are affected by global climate change under the context of just transition. According to the study, climate change has prompted the creation of new energy sources. Amidst the backdrop of climate change, variables like international standing and GDP will have an impact on the economic standing of many nations. Climate change affects not only the economy but a variety of other fields as well. It has made some areas of the world hostile, and also led to the vanishing of certain cultures. Moreover, it has an impact on employment. Global climate change initiatives have not generated a lot of jobs, and they have both positive and negative impacts on employment.
Is the Right to Vote Equal to Democracy? — An Analysis of Substantive and Procedural Democracy in the United States
Authors: Ma Hongtao , Liang Yudi , Wan Jiayi
Published: January 2023

In modern political society, democracy remains a universal concept. However, different ideologies still have their own views on the concrete realization form of democracy. Nowadays, the understandings of the concept of democracy in the United States and its democratic values have become the mainstream of Western society, and their historical value and role should not be ignored. However, the practice of this democratic system has differed from true democracy and has gradually manifested political confusion.

Firstly, this paper introduces the development of democracy and electoral system, and explains that the initial meaning of Western democracy is institutional democracy, namely procedural democracy, which is not the same as what we think of popular sovereignty today, and that the development course of Western democracy is also the expansion process of procedural justice. Then, constructivism theory is used to discuss the proceduralized process of substantive democracy and to explain the relationship between procedural justice and substantive democracy. Finally, through a specific analysis of the evolution and practice of the democratic electoral system in the United States, it concludes that the development of American democracy focuses only on expanding the scope of procedural democracy, but neglects the development of substantive democracy. For this reason, it explores the problems existing in American democracy.
A Study of the Factors Influencing Futures in the Agricultural Industry Based on Multiple Linear Regression Models—Take Corn Futures Prices as An Example
Authors: Li Xinyu
Published: January 2023

With the development of the COVID-19 and the intensification of global warming, agricultural production is highly volatile and the global food crisis may further intensify. According to the recent studies in China and the United States, the research on the influencing factors of agricultural products is crucial. In this paper, when analyzing the influencing factors of agricultural products industry based on multiple linear regression model, the corn industry is taken as an example. The independent variables China CPI, U.S. CPI, China-U.S. exchange rate, S&P 500 index and export agricultural price index are selected, and the dependent variables are China corn futures price Y1 and U.S. corn futures price Y2, and the data all started from August 2021 to end in July 2022. Spss software is used to get the final corresponding results. A comparison of the factors influencing corn futures prices in China and the U.S. shows that corn futures prices fluctuate due to studied factors and that corn dominates agricultural futures in both countries. Moreover, as living standards improve, the demand for corn changes in different directions in these two countries, but both countries will experience less investment in agricultural futures.
Is the effect of drop limit order policy of the real estate industry in Yue yang city in line with expectations—Empirical analysis based on difference in difference
Authors: Lyu Yi
Published: January 2023

In recent years, the spread of covid-19 has led to a decline in residential consumption levels and a decrease in demand in the housing market. In order to maintain, some housing enterprises started to reduce prices significantly, this move destroyed the market law, and the local government set up the policy of limit drop order in order to restrict the malicious price reduction without following the market law, and it is not known whether the policy of limit drop order can promote the development of the real estate industry while limiting the malicious downgrade, according to the general rule, through the regulation of the real estate market should help the development of the real estate industry, this paper through This paper analyses Yue yang City, the first city to implement the drop restriction policy, through the double difference method. The results show that the drop restriction policy has a certain suppressive effect on the local real estate industry in the short term, while the impact on the market in the long term is yet to be studied.
Modeling RMB Exchange Rate Volatility – Application of GARCH Family Models
Authors: Hang Wenqian
Published: January 2023

The exchange rate risk caused by the two-way fluctuation of the RMB exchange rate will bring many effects. The volatility of the foreign exchange market is the most common feature of the financial market. Therefore, the research on the volatility of the RMB exchange rate is of great significance in economic and financial aspects. Through statistical analysis of the RMB exchange rate data, an ARMA model was established to eliminate the auto-correlation of the sequence, and the GARCH family model was combined to fit the data. Comparing different distribution hypotheses, the EGARCH model under the GED distribution determined by the information criterion can match well the financial time series peak and thick tail characteristics. That the RMB exchange rate has agglomeration volatility and leverage effect is also shown, and provides relevant suggestions for preventing RMB exchange rate risks.
The physical attractiveness of beauty anchors on consumers’ purchase intention
Authors: Ma Jian
Published: January 2023

In the post-COVID19 era, live-streaming e-commerce has developed rapidly and has a positive effect in promoting consumption in China. This paper uses the questionnaire survey method to explore the influence of the appearance attraction of beauty anchors on consumers’ purchase intention. Consumer’s degree of trust is also analyzed as an intermediary variable. The results found appearance attraction of beauty anchors has a significant impact on consumers ’purchase intention, and the degree of consumer trust plays an intermediary role between appearance attraction of beauty and consumers’ purchase intention. The results suggest that beauty brands should select anchors with higher physical attractiveness, which can improve consumer’s purchase intention. In addition to high-quality photos, makeup or smiling, or taking photos from the best angle, may help to enhance the attractiveness. It is helpful to attract the attention of scholars and to help live streaming e-commerce’s development.
Research on the application of artificial intelligence technology to promote the high-quality development path of manufacturing industry
Authors: Wang Fei
Published: January 2023

At present, in the new round of scientific and technological development, artificial intelligence brings development opportunities for the upgrading of traditional industries and the cultivation of emerging industries, which is conducive to the upgrading of economic structure to achieve high-quality development. How to promote the application of AI technology in the manufacturing scene of manufacturing enterprises to promote the improvement of product quality of manufacturing enterprises? This paper analyzes the present situation of artificial intelligence application and put forward six major scenarios the artificial intelligence in manufacturing industry, promote the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises from sales C2S level to deepen the manufacturing C2M level, through artificial intelligence to promote the manufacturing industry chain upgrade, improve the quality of export products, improve the export competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry. By analyzing the problems existing in the application of artificial intelligence in China, targeted suggestions and countermeasures are put forward.
Different Strategies and Management between Countries towards Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) to the Realization of Sustainability
Authors: Xiao Huaisen
Published: January 2023

As one of the major waste streams towards the global environment, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), also called e-waste, is a huge problem needed to solve. Different countries are using various types of strategies and management to ensure the WEEE is limited to the minimum effect on the environment. Using China and the United States as the typical countries to disclose the action different countries have taken towards the management of e-waste. The legislations of e-waste policies are implemented in many countries which the major e-waste produced countries are considered in this paper to form the comparison between those countries. Most countries in Europe are showing more attention towards the management of WEEE and countries such as India or Brazil are less focused on the recycling of WEEE. The major e-waste produced countries tend to have more moderate management to balance the economy and the environment.
Surgical Treatment of Deep Endometriosis
Authors: Frumkin Nora , Schmädecker Rasmus , Isermann Ricarda , Keckstein Jörg , Ulrich Uwe Andreas
Published: January 2023

In deep endometriosis (DE), clusters of endometrium-like cells penetrate more than 5 mm below the peritoneum: The affected organs and tissue structures can eventuate in an alteration of the
anatomy with eliminated organ boundaries, which in some cases can pose a real surgical challenge, even for experienced surgeons. A comprehensive description of the different manifestations
of the disease can be found in the #Enzian classification. Since the operation is usually the foundation for the successful treatment of DE, what is important are conclusive indications,
appropriate preoperative preparation and, above all, appropriate experience on the part of the surgical team. This article aims to provide a review of the surgical options that are currently
available.
The Posttraumatic Impact of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Both Women and Men
Authors: Kuhlmann Emily , Scharli Pauline , Schick Maren , Ditzen Beate , Langer Laila , Strowitzki Thomas , Wischmann Tewes , Kuon Ruben-J.
Published: January 2023

Introduction Recurrent pregnancy loss is usually associated with significant psychological distress for both partners of the couple. It may act as a traumatic experience resulting in
a posttraumatic stress disorder. The object of this study is to examine the posttraumatic impact of recurrent pregnancy loss on men and women and their interdependencies.

Methods Cross-sectional study. All couples referred to the special unit for recurrent pregnancy loss between March 2019 and October 2020 were asked to participate with a sample size
of 105 couples and 17 women. They were invited to complete a questionnaire package estimating the prevalence of posttraumatic stress, with anxiety, depression, lack of social support and
dysfunctional coping strategies as contributing risk factors. Couple data were analysed with the Actor Partner Interdependence Model, taking the couple as a dyad.

Results The response rate was 82.3 percent, with posttraumatic stress being measured in 13.7% of the women versus 3.9% of the men (p = 0.017). For women, number of curettages,
controlled for the number of losses, correlated with the severity of posttraumatic stress (p < 0.05). Higher levels of anxiety, depression and lack of social support in women correlated
positively with posttraumatic stress in their partners. The men’s coping strategy “trivialization and wishful thinking” as well as “avoidance” correlated with more severe posttraumatic
stress in the female partners (both p < 0.05).

Conclusion The posttraumatic risks within a couple with recurrent pregnancy loss are interdependent. Recurrent pregnancy loss clinics should assess posttraumatic risks of both
partners in their routine diagnostic process.
A Study to Explore the Role of IDH1 (R132) Mutation on Imatinib Toxicity and Effect of ABCG2/OCT1 Expression on N-Desmethyl Imatinib Plasma Level in Egyptian Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Authors: Sabri Alaa , Omran Mervat M. , Azim S.Abdel , Abdelfattah Raafat , Allam Rasha Mahmoud , Shouman Samia A.
Published: January 2023

Imatinib mesylate (IM) is the gold standard for treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). This study aimed to gain more knowledge of the altered PK, pharmacogenetic factors, and gene expression leading to variable IM levels. Fifty patients with chronic phase-CML were enrolled in this study and divided as 25 responders and 25 non-responders (patients are directly recruited after response assessment). HPLC/MS/MS was used to determine trough and peak concentration of imatinib and N-desmethyl imatinib in the blood. PCR-RFLP technique was used to detect IDH1 gene mutation (R132). The median value of IM trough level was significantly higher, the P/T ratio was significantly lower and the α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) was significantly higher among responders compared to non-responders (P=0.007, 0.009 and 0.048, respectively). Higher N-desmethyl imatinib peak plasma concentration was observed with low mRNA expression of ABCG2 and OCT1 (P=0.01 and 0.037, respectively). IDH1 R132 gene mutation was associated with a significant increase in toxicities (P=0.028). In conclusion, IM trough level, P/T ratio and AGP was significantly higher in responders. In addition, ABCG2 and OCT1 gene expression may affect the interindividual PK variation. Although a prospective study with a larger patient population is necessary to validate these findings. IDH1 mutation is a predictor of increased toxicity with IM treatment.
„Ziel ist es, den Abbruch des Übens nach der Reha zu verhindern.“ – Interview zur Einführung einer digitalen Nachsorge-App
Authors: Huber Martin
Published: January 2023

Mit dem Ziel eines digitalen Angebots während und nach der stationären Rehabilitation haben die Kliniken Schmieder eine Nachsorge-App für Patient*innen mit neurologischen Erkrankungen entwickelt. Themenscout Martin Huber sprach mit Johannes Danke, einem der Initiatoren, über die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der App.
Diabetic Neuropathy Assessed with Multifrequency Vibrometry Develops
Earlier than Nephropathy but Later than Retinopathy
Authors: Lindholm Eero , Ekman Linnea , Elgzyri Targ , Lindholm Beata , Löndahl Magnus , Dahlin Lars
Published: January 2023

Background Diabetes is associated with systemic complications. Prevalence
of diabetic nephropathy, and retinopathy, in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is
declining, but it is not known if this is true also for diabetic neuropathy.
Aim: To investigate the relationship between large fibre diabetic neuropathy and
other diabetic complications.

Materials and methods Neuropathy, defined here as large fibre neuropathy,
was assessed by measuring vibration perception thresholds at four different
frequencies on the sole of the foot, using a standard VibroSense Meter
and/or neuropathic symptoms, in 599 individuals with T1DM. Retinopathy
status was graded using the International Clinical Disease Severity Scale. Grade
of albuminuria and previous history of any macrovascular complications were
registered.

Results Diabetic individuals without retinopathy had similar vibration
thresholds as age- and gender-matched control participants without diabetes,
whereas those without microalbuminuria had higher thresholds than controls. Two
individuals out of 599 (0.3%) had microalbuminuria, but not retinopathy
or neuropathy, and 12/134 (9%) without retinopathy had signs of
neuropathy. Totally 119/536 (22%) of the patients without
microalbuminuria had neuropathy. Vibration thresholds increased with the rising
severity of retinopathy and grade of albuminuria. In a multinomial logistic
regression analysis, neuropathy was associated with retinopathy (OR 2.96
[1.35–6.49], p=0.007), nephropathy (OR 6.25
[3.21–12.15]; p=6.7×10–8) and macrovascular
disease (OR 2.72 [1.50–4.93], p=0.001).

Conclusions Despite recent changes in the incidence of diabetic
complications, the onset of large fibre neuropathy follows that of retinopathy
but precedes the onset of nephropathy in T1DM.
Magnetism and unconventional topology in LaCoO3/SrIrO3 heterostructure
Authors: Rom Samir , Baidya Santu , Bhattacharjee Subhro , Saha-Dasgupta Tanusri
Published: January 2023

Employing first-principles calculations, we provide microscopic insights on the curious magnetic and topological properties of LaCoO3/SrIrO3 heterostructure, which has been recently synthesized [Kumar Jaiswal et al., Adv. Mater. 34, 2109163 (2022)]. Our computational study unravels transfer of polar charge from SrIrO3 to LaCoO3, thereby reducing the Co valence from 3+ toward 2+, supporting the experimental findings. Our study further reveals the stabilization of the intermediate spin state of Co and strong ferromagnetic Co–Co coupling in the LaCoO3 block of the heterostructure. This, in turn, is found to induce ferromagnetism in the pseudo-tetragonally structured SrIrO3 in the heterostructure geometry, providing an understanding of the origin of magnetism, which is counter-intuitive as both LaCoO3 and SrIrO3 are nonmagnetic in bulk form. Most interestingly, the band structure of ferromagnetic, tetragonal structured SrIrO3 is found to exhibit unconventional topology, manifested as C = 2 double Weyl points, which leads to the observed anomalous Hall effect. Our finding of C  =  2 double Weyl points, belonging to the class of charge-2 Dirac points, opens up the possibility of material realization of unconventional topological properties beyond the conventional Dirac and C  =  1 Weyl points, which calls for future experiments.
Sustainable network design of bioenergies generation based on municipal solid waste (MSW) management under uncertainty
Authors: Alidoosti Zahra , Sadegheih Ahmad , Govindan Kannan , Pishvaee Mir Saman
Published: January 2023

Municipal solid waste in a circular economy will be used as a resource, and the design of a product-oriented waste management network is essential. Considering the significant added value of bioenergy, it is one of the most important outputs of the waste management network that the production of a diverse range of them needs further study. Focusing on this issue, a sustainable waste management network was designed to optimally extract various bioenergies by considering all three dimensions of economic, environmental, and social sustainability under uncertain conditions. The proposed model in this research for the sustainable municipal solid waste network was a multi-objective possibilistic mixed-integer non-linear programming. For dealing with uncertainty in this network, a combination of methods based on interactive fuzzy programming was used. The model was implemented after collecting data from Arad Kooh, Iran as a case study using the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) software. The results of the proposed solution method were the amount of bioenergies generated by treatment technologies and the launched technologies throughout the defined time interval. The validation results of the proposed solution method confirm the research results.
Thermo-economic performance comparison and advanced analysis using orthogonal experiment for organic Rankine cycle
Authors: Xia Xiaoxia , Liu Zhipeng , Wang Zhiqi , Sun Tong , Zhang Hualong
Published: January 2023

To improve the thermo-economic performance of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems, a multi-level analysis method is proposed in this study. In the first level, the optimal configuration is determined based on the thermo-economic optimization. The exergy efficiency and electricity production cost are selected as the objective functions of optimization for three ORC configurations, including simple ORC, TORC (two-stage ORC), and DORC (dual-loop ORC). In the second level, the real potential of performance improvement for the optimal configuration is revealed through advanced exergy analysis method. Finally, the order of operating parameters to different performance indicators of the optimal configuration is determined by orthogonal experiment method. The results show that the TORC system exhibits better thermo-economic performance. Although the low-temperature condenser in the TORC system has the highest exergy destruction, the LTT (low-temperature turbine) contributes the largest avoidable-endogenous exergy destruction. Thus, the LTT has the greatest potential for technical improvement. The condensation temperature and pinch point temperature difference in the low-temperature evaporator are the primary factors for the thermodynamic and economic performance of the TORC system, respectively. While the evaporation temperature of the high-temperature evaporator has the greatest effect on the potential of technical improvement for the LTT.
Area-dependent performance variation of ultrasonic spray-coated organic solar cells
Authors: Waheed Sobia , Pareek Saurabh , Karak Supravat
Published: January 2023

Here, a comparative study has been performed to understand the scalability of as developed ultrasonic spray deposition process for large-area organic solar cell fabrication. It was observed that the performance of the devices reduces with increasing active area dimensions. The short circuit current density and power conversion efficiency got decreased by more than 70% on increasing the device area from 0.04 to 1.5 cm2. In the case of small-area devices, the low electrical resistance owing to fewer droplet boundaries and negligible pinholes of the spray-coated film leads to better device performance. Whereas, upon scaling up the device area, the non-uniformity of the spray-coated film starts dominating and is found to be responsible for the reduction in overall device performance. The non-homogeneous film morphology in the case of larger-area devices greatly affects the charge generation, as it decreased from 4.77 × 1021 to 1.92 × 1021 cm−3 s−1 for large-area devices compared to small-area ones. The results suggest that the spray-deposited films greatly suffer from the limitation of droplet boundaries and pin-holes, which need to be addressed further with post-deposition treatments, in order to fabricate commercially viable large-area devices.
High-order asymptotic solutions for gas transport in heterogeneous media with multiple spatial scales
Authors: Zuo Hong , Yang Zhiqiang , Deng Shouchun , Li Haibo
Published: January 2023

Subsurface structures generally exhibit strong heterogeneities at multiple spatial scales. In this study, two- and three-scale high-order models are developed to effectively predict nonlinear gas transport in heterogeneous porous media with multiscale configurations. The considered heterogeneous porous media are composed of the matrix and inclusions at the mesoscopic and microscopic scales, respectively. First, using the formal two-scale asymptotic analysis, the homogenized solutions, the two-scale first-order and higher-order solutions are derived, with the first-order and second-order cell functions defined at the mesoscopic cell. Second, by further expanding all the mesoscopic cell functions to the microscopic levels, the second-order expansions of the mesoscopic cell functions are established and the upscaled relationships for the permeability tensor from the microscale to the macroscale are developed accordingly. Finally, the three-scale low-order and high-order solutions are constructed by combining the multiscale expansions of the mesoscopic cell functions and the macro–meso two-scale solutions. Several representative cases are simulated to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed multiscale solutions. The results show that the high-order solutions can perfectly capture the locally steep pressure fluctuations and non-equilibrium effects caused by the heterogeneities and large permeability contrast in porous media with two- or three-scale configurations. The strategies to obtain the multiscale high-order solutions follow the reverse thought process of the reiteration homogenization method, and can be easily extended to heterogeneous porous media with arbitrary multiple scales.
A new coding system to test independence of time series
Authors: Cánovas J. S. , Guillamón A. , Ruiz-Abellón M. C.
Published: January 2023

We introduce a new codification on a time series that combines permutations and another symbol containing quantitative information. With these new codes, we construct a new test to determine whether a time series is independent and identically distributed. We compare our results with those obtained with tests based only on permutations. Our results show that the new test produces better results than those based only on permutations.
A pore-scale reconstruction-based approach to analyze the tobacco-containing segment in electrically heated cigarettes
Authors: Li Zhihao , Ke Zhaoqing , Huang Yichen , Wu Wei , Zhang Ying , Li Peisheng
Published: January 2023

A new pore-scale reconstruction method based on image processing and automated modeling was proposed in this paper to investigate the electrically heated cigarettes (EHC) porous tobacco-containing segment pyrolysis. First, the two-dimensional images of the microscope were binarized, noise filtered, and boundaries identified to form numerous two-dimensional polygons that describe the skeleton of porous media. Then, three-dimensional (3D) entities were generated through an automated modeling program. The model must be procedurally cleaned up geometrically for successful mesh generation. Second, the fluid flow, heat transfer, latent heat release, and chemical reaction heat in the actual pyrolysis process were considered in numerical simulation. The Arrhenius equation based on experimental data was used to describe the reaction process when chemical equations are challenging to determine. The simulation's pressure losses and component releases were validated with experimental data. The results show that the model reconstructed from the pore structure can accurately describe the flow, heat transfer, and component release in EHC and can completely describe the detailed information of the flow and temperature fields within the pore structure. The major components in EHC all dropped below 50% after ten smoking cycles. Glycerol in EHC near the heat generator is released rapidly to 0 at the beginning of the working process.
Thermal-fluctuation effects on small-scale statistics in turbulent gas flow
Authors: McMullen R. M. , Torczynski J. R. , Gallis M. A.
Published: January 2023

Kolmogorov's theory of turbulence assumes that the small-scale turbulent structures in the energy cascade are universal and are determined by the energy dissipation rate and the kinematic viscosity alone. However, thermal fluctuations, absent from the continuum description, terminate the energy cascade near the Kolmogorov length scale. Here, we propose a simple superposition model to account for the effects of thermal fluctuations on small-scale turbulence statistics. For compressible Taylor–Green vortex flow, we demonstrate that the superposition model in conjunction with data from direct numerical simulation of the Navier–Stokes equations yields spectra and structure functions that agree with the corresponding quantities computed from the direct simulation Monte Carlo method of molecular gas dynamics, verifying the importance of thermal fluctuations in the dissipation range.
A biological integrity framework for describing animal welfare and wellbeing
Authors: Colditz Ian G.
Published: January 2023

Ethical treatment of animals is the keystone of livestock production. Assessment of welfare is integral to assurance that animals experience a good life. Underpinning assurance are concepts of what constitutes good welfare, a good life and wellbeing. This review examines the concepts of welfare and wellbeing and the frameworks that have been developed for describing their scope. Historically, the tripartite model of welfare (feeling well, functioning well, leading a natural life) has been translated into the Five Freedoms (FF), Five Domains (FD), Good Life (GL), Welfare through Competence (WtC) and OIE World Organisation for Animal Health Welfare Principles frameworks. These frameworks provide scaffolds for numerous welfare assessment schemes. However, the three-part model of wellbeing (eudaimonia, hedonia, social interaction) lacks an explicit assessment framework, although FD, GL and WtC implicitly address aspects of wellbeing. Whereas positive affective (hedonic) experiences are considered to constitute positive welfare, positive aspects of eudaimonic function and social interaction are considered to be aspects of wellbeing above and beyond any indirect contribution they make to positive affective experiences (i.e. positive welfare). In this view, positive health is more than the absence of ill-health and positive social interactions are more than freedom from social isolation. New phenotypes in farm animals identified through analysis of sensor data are providing new perspectives on the functional integrity of biological processes that align well with concepts of wellbeing. These analyses draw on methods in resilience theory to examine stability in complex dynamic systems, specifically, uniformity of trajectories, periodicity of biorhythms and complexity of networks. A framework is proposed that loosely partitions FF, FD, GL and WtC into inputs, opportunities, and outcomes. The framework positions the outcome of biological integrity within the context of input constraints that can generate harms and deficiencies, and environmental opportunities that can foster acquisition of competencies and flourishing. It combines the eudaimonic, hedonic and social aspects of wellbeing within the tripartite terminology of welfare. It is hoped that the framework can help orientate new descriptions of biological function in farm animals derived from sensor data within the broader literature on welfare and wellbeing.
Effect of surface oxide layers in solid-state welding of aluminium alloys – review
Authors: Labus Zlatanovic Danka , Pierre Bergmann Jean , Balos Sebastian , Hildebrand Jörg , Bojanic-Sejat Mirjana , Goel Saurav
Published: January 2023

This review sheds novel insights on the residual oxide behaviour of solid-state weld joints of aluminium alloys. Understanding the influence of oxides on the aluminium surface before and during welding, its impact on the weld structure and possible solutions for reducing its impact were addressed. The solid-state techniques most relevant to the transportation sector namely, diffusion bonding, friction stir spot welding and ultrasonic welding were surveyed, analysed and reviewed. During this analysis, the implication of the presence of oxides on aluminium substrate affecting the metallurgical characteristics of the weld joints was reviewed. Visible defects such as voids, delamination, kissing bond and hook defects, and problems associated with these defects were analysed and few suggestions are made to partially overcome these issues.

Abbreviations: AS, Advancing side; CDRX, Continuous dynamic recrystallisation; CFSSW, Conventional friction stir spot welding; DB, Diffusion bonding; EDS, Energy-dispersive spectroscopy; e-TEM, Environmental transmission electron microscopy; FSW, Friction stir welding; FFSSW, Flat friction stir spot welding; FSSW, Friction stir spot welding; IPDB, Impulse pressuring diffusion bonding; IPADB, Impulse pressure-assisted diffusion bonding; PLT-FSSW, Pinless tool friction stir spot welding; PFSSW, Protrusion friction stir spot welding; RFSSW, Refill friction stir spot welding; RS, Retreating side; RZ, Recrystallised zone; SEM, Scanning electron microscopy; TEM, Transmission electron microscopy; TWI, The Welding Institute; USW, Ultrasonic welding; WFI, Weld faying interface; WFSSW, Walking friction stir spot welding; XPS, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Phononic thermal rectifier: a new proposition
Authors: Bhattacharya Ranjini , Maiti Santanu K
Published: January 2023

We put forward a new proposition for achieving a phonon-based thermal rectifier at the nanoscale level, considering a one-dimensional phononic system. The central mechanism relies on the temperature-dependent spring constant along with the presence of mass modulation which essentially breaks the symmetry in the system and thus leads to different thermal currents in two bias polarities. Along with thermal rectification, the phenomenon of negative differential thermal resistance (NDTR) is also observed. The NDTR effect is utilized further to have the NOT gate operation. The present analysis may open up new possibilities for designing efficient thermal rectifiers and logic gates.
A new precursor route for the growth of NbO2 thin films by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Singh Reetendra , Chithaiah Pallellappa , Rao C N R
Published: January 2023

Niobium dioxide (NbO2) exhibits metal-insulator transition (Mott transition) and shows the potential for application in memristors and neuromorphic devices. Presently growth of NbO2 thin films requires high-temperature reduction of Nb2O5 films using H2 or sophisticated techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy and pulsed laser deposition. The present study demonstrates a simple chemical route of the direct growth of crystalline NbO2 films by chemical vapor deposition using a freshly prepared Nb-hexadecylamine (Nb-HDA) complex. X-ray diffraction studies confirm the NbO2 phase with a distorted rutile body-centered-tetragonal structure and the film grown with a highly preferred orientation on c-sapphire. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the +4 oxidation state. The present method offers facile growth of NbO2 films without post-reduction steps which will be assumed to be a cost-effective process for NbO2 based devices.
High mobility Ge 2DHG based MODFETs for low-temperature applications
Authors: Weißhaupt David , Funk Hannes S , Oehme Michael , Bloos Dominik , Berkmann Fritz , Seidel Lukas , Fischer Inga A , Schulze Jörg
Published: January 2023

Modulation-doped field-effect transistors (MODFET) that are typically based on either a two-dimensional electron gas or a two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) are highly suitable for low-temperature applications due to the high mobilities attained by the charge carriers in the device channel. The Ge 2DHG is particularly interesting, since Ge exhibits the highest hole mobility among all semiconductors. In this paper, we report on the temperature-dependent direct current-characteristics of normally-on MODFETs based on a high mobility Ge 2DHG. Here, we specifically investigate device characteristics down to cryogenic temperatures and analyze the impact of different MOD-doping on device performance. We find that the largest On-Off ratio of

I

On

/

I

Off

=
3.2
×

10
6

and lowest sub-threshold swing (SS) of

SS

=
64

 mV

de

c

−

1

at a temperature of

T
=
7.5

 K

are attained for a MOD-doping of

N

A

=
5
×

10

17

 c

m

−
3

, while the highest effective mobility

μ

eff

=
864

 c

m

2

V

−

1

s

−

1

is obtained from a device with a MOD-doping of

N

A

=
1.1
×

10

18

 c

m

−
3

. Furthermore, while effective mobilities in the devices are strongly reduced compared to Hall mobilities measured in the unstructured Ge 2DHGs, both quantities can be seen to follow a similar trend. Our results motivate further investigations of Ge 2DHG MODFETs for applications in cryogenic low-noise amplifiers, besides their well-established potential for spintronic applications.
Atomistic study of Positive Exchange Bias in Hard/Soft ferromagnetic bilayer nanosystem
Authors: Ahsan Junaid Ul , Singh Harkirat
Published: January 2023

We present calculations for the Exchange spring nano-bilayer with intermixing of high and low anisotropic moments at the interface, where we study the unusual phenomenon of positive exchange bias. The results are well reproducible at different simulation temperatures. However, the amount of shift as well as the width of M-H loop is greatly influenced by the temperature itself. We illustrate interface roughness as an important cause for the shift of Hysteresis loop in Ferromagnetic Hard/Soft nano bilayer systems.
Fast time-varying current triggering flux jumps of multi-filamentary Nb3Sn wire exposed to oblique magnetic field
Authors: Li Liujiang , Xue Cun
Published: January 2023

Due to the oblique magnetic field and rapid time-varying current, the electromagnetic response and thermomagnetic instabilities of high-field superconducting dipole magnets are quite different from the solenoid coils. In this work, we theoretically investigate the flux jump of composite multi-filamentary Nb3Sn wire with high critical current density exposed to an oblique magnetic field and fast transport current. The thermomagnetic stability/instability regions are obtained with respect to flux creep factor and oblique ratios of magnetic field. It is found that the parallel component of the oblique magnetic field can suppress the flux jump. Unlike slow current, it is interesting to find that the fast variations of self-field by high ramp current can trigger flux jumps in Nb3Sn wire. The fast current triggering flux jumps can be tuned by the static oblique magnetic field. Furthermore, we demonstrate that current-like distribution is more likely to trigger quenches, while the magnetic field-like distribution is more likely to trigger flux jumps. The findings of this work are helpful for the optimization of the superconducting coils exposed to oblique magnetic field and fast time-varying current.