bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Study of Flow Patterns and Sediment Deposition in the Forebay of a Forward Intake Pumping Station
Authors: WANG Haidong , LI Chunguang , LV Suiju , SONG Lulu
Published: January 2022

In Northwest China, the sediment concentration of the Yellow River is high. A project to investigate the operation of a pumping station shows that the flow patterns in the forebay and inlet tank are disordered, and there is sediment deposition that endangers the normal operation and safety of the pumping station. To solve this problem, the three-dimensional two-phase water-sediment flow in the forebay of the pumping station is modeled by using fluid simulation software, and diagrams of the sediment volume fraction content and vector distribution in the flow layers of different sections are obtained. Combined with the multiphase flow theory of mixtures and the realizable turbulent kinetic energy equation, the location and formation mechanism of each vortex, as well as the area and degree of sediment deposition in the forebay, are analyzed. The actual engineering and numerical simulation results are compared to verify the accuracy of the simulation. The results show that the main reason for sediment deposition is the high sediment concentration of the Yellow River, but the flow pattern disorder is affected by a specific design defect of the forebay, which makes the sediment deposition worse. The results of this study provide specific guidance and methods for the construction and transformation of the forebay of the pump station in the future; construction to weaken the return area to a certain extent can reduce the degree of sedimentation.
Optimization of the Process Parameters for Micro-Milling Thin-Walled Micro Parts Using Advanced Algorithms
Authors: Wang Peng , Bai Qingshun , Cheng Kai , Zhao Liang , Ding Hui
Published: January 2022

The surface integrity and machining accuracy of thin-walled micro parts are significantly affected by micro-milling parameters mostly because of their weak stiffness. Furthermore, there is still a lack of studies focusing on parameters optimization for the fabrication of thin-walled microscale parts. In this paper, an innovative approach is proposed for the optimization of machining parameters with the objectives of surface quality and dimension accuracy, which integrates the Taguchi method, principal component analysis method (PCA) and the Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). In the study, surface arithmetic average height Sa, surface root mean square height Sq, and 3-D fractal dimension Ds are selected to evaluate surface quality. Then micro-milling experiments are conducted based on the Taguchi method. According to the experimental results, the significance of machining parameters can be determined by range analysis. Besides, regression models for the responses are developed comparatively, and the PCA method is employed for dimension reduction of the optimization objective space. Finally, two combinations of machining parameters with the highest satisfaction are obtained through NSGA-II, and verification experiments are carried out. The results show that the surface quality and dimension accuracy of the thin-walled microscale parts can be simultaneously improved by using the proposed approach.
A Novel Geopolymer Foam Based On ZSM-5 Zeolite Fabricated Using Templating Emulsion/Chemical Foaming Method and Its Application in Batch and Continuous Dye Removal Systems
Authors: Monjezi Mahboobeh , Javanbakht Vahid
Published: January 2022

Geopolymers as sustainable and environmentally friendly “green materials”, can be synthesized by utilizing waste material and by-products. A porous geopolymer foam adsorbent based on ZSM-5 zeolite was prepared using templating emulsion/chemical foaming method in different conditions and used for dye removal in batch and continuous systems. The parameters affecting the dye adsorption including temperature, concentration, and pH, kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics of the process were investigated. The results of the geopolymer foam synthesis showed that thermal pretreatment of the zeolite has a positive effect on the strength and adsorption capacity. Moreover, the increase in sodium silicate more than the stoichiometric reduces the strength and adsorption capacity. The findings obtained from the batch adsorption process showed that the adsorption kinetics of the pseudo-second-order model and the adsorption isotherm of the Temkin model is adjusted with the experimental data. Thermodynamic results indicated that the process of dye adsorption with geopolymer foam is exothermic. The results from continuous experiments indicated more compatibility of the adsorption process with the models of Thomas and Bohart-Adams. The maximum adsorption capacity of methylene blue in batch and continuous processes was 9.82 and 8.17 mg/g. The adsorbent reduction was performed successfully by chemical and thermal processes.
Biomarkers of Length of Stay On An Inpatient Eating Disorder Unit For Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa in Females
Authors: Breiner Courtney E. , Qi Baiyu , Thornton Laura M. , Brownley Kimberly A. , Foreman Tonya , Bardone-Cone Anna M. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Baker Jessica H.
Published: January 2022

Background. Length of stay on an inpatient unit for treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN) is widely variable. Although previous research has used anthropometric and clinical variables and duration of illness to predict length of stay, there has been limited investigation of the predictive ability of biomarkers. Biomarkers, including those collected through a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) and appetite hormones, such as ghrelin and leptin, are impacted by disease presence and may play an etiological role in AN. Methods. Using a series of regression models, we retrospectively evaluated the associations of these putative biomarkers at admission with length of inpatient stay in 59 females receiving treatment on an inpatient eating disorder unit for anorexia nervosa. Results. Both lower levels of magnesium and higher active ghrelin levels at inpatient admission predicted length of stay. Conclusions. This research provides further evidence supporting both biological and psychological components of AN, identifying potential biomarkers that could aid in prospective prediction of treatment needs. Ghrelin monitoring throughout inpatient stays may aid clinicians in better predicting physical recovery and renourishment from AN and prepare for stepdown from an inpatient setting. Further research is necessary to replicate and extend these findings across treatment settings.
Translation and Validation of the Hungarian Version of the Infection Control Standardized Questionnaire: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Hammoud Sahar , Amer Faten , Khatatbeh Haitham , Alfatafta Huda , Zrínyi Miklós , Kocsis Béla
Published: January 2022

Background: Up to our knowledge, there is currently no psychometrically validated Hungarian scale to evaluate nurses’ knowledge about infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. Thus, we aim in this study to assess the validity and reliability of the infection control standardized questionnaire Hungarian version (ICSQ-H).Methods: A cross-sectional, multisite study was conducted among 591 nurses in Hungary. The original ICSQ including 25 items was translated into Hungarian. A panel of four experts assessed the content validity of the questionnaire by calculating the item content validity index and scale content validity index. Then, construct validity was evaluated using principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The goodness of fit for the model was measured through fit indices. Convergent validity was assessed by calculating the average variance extracted. Additionally, discriminant validity was evaluated by computing the spearman correlation coefficient between the constructs. Finally, the interitem correlations, the corrected item-total correlations, and the internal consistency were calculated.Results: Content validity of the questionnaire was established with 23 items. The final four-construct ICSQ-H including 10 items showed a good fit model. Convergent validity was met except for the alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) construct, while discriminant validity was met for all constructs. The interitem correlations and the corrected item-total correlations were met for all constructs but, the internal consistency of ABHR was unsatisfactory due to the low number of items.Conclusions: The results did not support the original three-factor structure of the ICSQ. However, the four-factor ICSQ-H demonstrated an adequate degree of good fit and was found to be reliable. Based on our findings, we believe that the ICSQ-H could pave the way for more research regarding nurses’ IPC knowledge to be conducted in Hungary. Nevertheless, its validation among other healthcare workers is important to tailor effective interventions to enhance knowledge and awareness.
The bows and rings of dawn and dusk
Authors: Cruz Gerson Kniphoff da
Published: January 2022

The arcs of dawn and dusk are natural phenomena that define the boundary of the border between day and night. They are associated with the refraction of solar rays at high angles of incidence that converge to project an arc of light onto the back side of the earth's atmosphere. The rings of dawn and dusk, in turn, are associated with rays, also at large angles of incidence, which converge to project the image of the Sun. Arcs and rings become visible by scattering light by clouds or particles suspended in atmospheric air in the region in which they occur. Here we show a model that describes these natural phenomena and report the first-time record image produced in July of this year.
Performance Investigation of Routing Protocol with the velocity of 30 m/s for Random Mobility Model
Authors: Vyas Ajay Kumar , Suthar Margam
Published: January 2022

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a network of mobile nodes short of Infrastructure, linked by wireless links. While mobility is the key feature of MANETs, the frequent movement of nodes may lead to link failure. A mobile multi-hop wireless ad hoc network carries a dynamic structure feature, and each node has mobility; due to this, the network has altered topology change dynamically. Developing the wireless ad hoc network protocol is the major challenge because, compared to the wired routing node, all node is mobile, energy limitation, the node's physical location, and multicast routing. In this article, a comparative investigation of routing protocol performance for large wireless ad hoc networks (100 nodes) under the impact of the random mobile environment with the velocity of 30 m/sec for 1800 seconds with ten different results for each node-set. The comparative analysis includes packet delivery ratio, throughput, packet dropping ratio, routing overhead, and end-to-end delay quality of service (QoS) metrics. It concludes that Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector protocol performance is more stable as the number of nodes & traffic increase in the random mobility environment.
Enhanced osseointegration of dental implants with reduced graphene oxide coating
Authors: Shin Yong Cheol , Bae Ji-Hyeon , Lee Jong Ho , Raja Iruthayapandi Selestin , Kang Moon Sung , Kim Bongju , Hong Suck Won , Huh Jung-Bo , Han Dong-Wook
Published: January 2022

Background: The implants of pure titanium (Ti) and its alloys can lead to implant failure because of their poor interaction with bone-associated cells during bone regeneration. Surface modification over implants has achieved successful implants for enhanced osseointegration.Methods: Herein, we prepared sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched (SLA) Ti (ST) implants with different surface modifications [i.e., reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)] and investigated their dental tissue regenerating ability in animal models. We performed comparative studies in surface property, in vitro cellular behaviors, and in vivo osseointegration activity among different groups, including ST (control), rhBMP-2-immobilized ST (BI-ST), rhBMP-2-treated ST (BT-ST), and rGO-coated ST (R-ST).Results: Spectroscopic, diffractometric, and microscopic analyses confirmed that rGO was coated well around the surfaces of Ti discs (for cell study) and implant fixtures (for animal study). Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that the R-ST group showed significantly better effects in cell attachment and proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix mineralization, and osseointegration than the control (ST), BI-ST, and BT-ST groups.Conclusion: Hence, we suggest that the rGO-coated Ti can be a promising candidate for the application to dental or even orthopedic implants due to its ability to accelerate the healing rate with the high potential of osseointegration.
SLC6A14 impacts cystic fibrosis lung disease severity via mTOR and epithelial repair modulation
Authors: Mercier Julia , Calmel Claire , Mésinèle Julie , Sutanto Erika , Merabtene Fatiha , Longchampt Elisabeth , Sage Edouard , Kicic Anthony , Boëlle Pierre-Yves , Corvol Harriet , Ruffin Manon , Guillot Loic
Published: January 2022

Cystic fibrosis (CF), due to variants in CFTR gene, is associated with chronic infection/inflammation responsible for airway epithelium alteration and lung function decline. Modifier genes induce phenotype variability between people with CF (pwCF) carrying the same CFTR variants. Among these, the gene encoding for the amino acid transporter SLC6A14 has been associated with lung disease severity and age of primary airway infection by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In this study, we investigated whether the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3788766, located within SLC6A14 promoter, is associated with lung disease severity in a large French cohort of pwCF. We also studied the consequences of this SNP on SLC6A14 promoter activity using a luciferase reporter and the role of SLC6A14 in mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and airway epithelial repair. We confirm that SLC6A14 rs3788766 SNP is associated with lung disease severity in pwCF (p=0.020; n=3,257, pancreatic insufficient, aged 6 to 40 years old), with the minor allele G being deleterious. In bronchial epithelial cell lines deficient for CFTR, SLC6A14 promoter activity is reduced in the presence of the rs3788766 G allele. SLC6A14 inhibition with a specific pharmacological blocker reduced 3H-arginine transport, mTOR phosphorylation and bronchial epithelial repair rates in wound healing assays. To conclude, our study highlights that SLC6A14 genotype might affect lung disease severity of people with cystic fibrosis via mTOR and epithelial repair mechanisms modulation in the lung.
Probabilistic Modelling of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems
Authors: Raimondi Anita , Chiano Maria Gloria Di , Marchioni Mariana , Sanfilippo Umberto , Becciu Gianfranco
Published: January 2022

Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SuDS) gatherer effective strategies and control systems for stormwater management especially in highly urbanized areas characterized by large impervious surfaces that increase runoff peak flow and volume. The main goal is to restore the natural water balance by increasing infiltration, evapotranspiration and promoting rainwater reuse. This paper proposes an analytical probabilistic approach for the modelling SuDS applicable to different structures and goals. Developed equations allow to estimate the probability of overflow and the probability of pre-filling at the end of dry periods, to evaluate the efficiency of the storage in rainwater management and its ability to empty between consecutive events. A great advantage of the proposed method is that it allows to consider a chain of rainfall events; this aspect is particularly important for control systems SuDS characterized by low outflow rates which storage capacity is often not completely available at the end of a dry period because pre-filled by previous events. Suggested formulas were tested to two cases studies in Milan and Genoa, Italy.
Assessment of correlation amongst physico-chemical, topographical, geological, lithological and soil type parameters for measuring water quality of Rawal watershed using remote sensing
Authors: Ahmed Mehreen , Mumtaz Rafia , Baig Shahbaz , Zaidi Syed Muhammad Hassan
Published: January 2022

The quality of water is traditionally assessed by the collection of physico-chemical parameters, i.e., pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen of the water bodies. However, the variations in environmental factors may have an impact on the quality of water, as changes in these attributes may affect the water bodies. These factors include the topographical, geological, lithological and soil type parameters of the watershed. In this study, the relationship amongst the physico-chemical, topographical, geological, lithological and soil type parameters of the Rawal watershed was evaluated. The parameters included in the present study could be classified as follows: (a) water quality parameters (b) topographical parameters, (c) geological parameters, (d) lithological parameters, and (e) soil type parameters. Water quality parameters consisted of dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity and temperature. The topographical parameters include the slope and aspect of the watershed while the lithological, geological and soil type parameters include the lithology, geology and soil type of the watershed. Pearson's correlation was used to determine the relationship amongst these different parameters. The results have revealed that the correlations of the topographical, lithological, geological parameters with the water quality parameters in the Rawal watershed for the monsoon seasons of June to August mostly have the same trend. Throughout the four-year time period, turbidity and temperature parameters had positive correlations with soil type (ranging 0.03–0.24), but however had weak correlation with geological and lithological parameters. Dissolved oxygen did not show any relationship with topographical and lithological parameters. The results for pH show that it has weak to fair positive correlations with topographical parameters. However, this analysis is based on the Landsat 8 images extracted for the monsoon seasons of the years 2017–2020, and to examine a more prominent impact of geographical or environmental factors on the physico-chemical features, a large dataset should be considered.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO TERRITORIAL RURAL EM GOIÁS
Authors: Silva Edson
Published: January 2022

Este artigo analisa políticas públicas de desenvolvimento territorial rural em Goiás, especificamente os Projetos de Infraestrutura e Serviços em Territórios Rurais-PROINF e o Programa de Agroindustrialização em Assentamentos da Reforma Agrária-TERRA FORTE. Para isso, foram utilizadas pesquisas bibliográfica e documentais. Os dados revelam a distribuição desigual dos projetos, com concentração no centro e no sul de Goiás, além de demonstrar o caráter setorial, burocrático, municipalista, de resolução da pobreza rural pelo mercado, e, ao mesmo tempo, expõe a negação de políticas estruturais e do conteúdo do projeto de desenvolvimento territorial rural. Soma-se, a isso, a permanência de subalternidades nas populações do campo, com participação frágil de quilombolas e povos indígenas. Houve idealização dos sujeitos e do espaço material, com adesão acrítica ao projeto de desenvolvimento territorial rural europeu.
OBJETIVOS DO DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL, ROYALTIES EXPLORAÇÃO OFFSHORE DE PETRÓLEO E GÁS NATURAL DA BACIA DE SANTOS
Authors: Costa Hirdan Katarina de Medeiros , Simoes Andre Felipe , Almeida Paulo Santos de , Musarra Raíssa
Published: January 2022

Em 2013, a Lei 12.858 tornou obrigatória a destinação da participação no resultado da compensação financeira pela exploração de petróleo e gás natural para as áreas de educação (75%) e de saúde (25%). No entanto, quais os programas e projetos nas áreas da educação, inclusive a básica, e de saúde, atenderiam a população dos municípios beneficiários? Propôs-se, neste contexto, estudo de caso pautado nos seguintes municípios paulistas confrontantes beneficiários à exploração offshore de petróleo e gás natural da Bacia de Santos. O estudo apresenta recomendações para solucionar questionamentos sobre como direcionar as rendas de hidrocarbonetos em projetos nas áreas da educação e de saúde, tomando como caso hipotético sua aplicação na cidade de Bertioga, de modo que as rendas sejam vertidas em benefício da população local visando a integralidade humana.
REFERENTES DAS PAISAGENS CULTURAIS NA LEGISLAÇÃO EM SERGIPE:
Authors: Mundim Vargas Maria Augusta
Published: January 2022

O artigo toma a paisagem como referente para a análise das Leis e Decretos de bens tombados com patrimônio. Considera a interface da cultura, do patrimônio e da paisagem como conduto teórico-metodológico que possibilita novas abordagens. O processo de patrimonialização exposto analisa as características sociais em que se inserem o aparato normativo do Estado como executor da vontade coletiva em preservar e conservar os patrimônios materiais e imateriais. Foram observados o contexto mundial e nacional que influenciaram a condução da patrimonialização em Sergipe e as especificidades socioculturais das Leis estaduais. Alerta, dentre outros, para os riscos de apropriação mercadológica e descaracterização dos bens, sinalizando para a importância de se produzir memoriais descritivos.
REDES GEOGRÁGICAS E A CAPILARIZAÇÃO DO CONTEÚDO URBANO
Authors: Dos Santos Elizabete , Donizete Locatel Celso
Published: January 2022

A urbanização é um dos processos mais antigos da história da humanidade. Contudo, ela ganha novas variáveis ao longo do tempo e especificidades de acordo com o lugar em que ocorre. O período técnico-científico-informacional traz inovações decorrentes do avanço da técnica, da ciência e da informação que foram potencializadas em função do aumento das redes pelo território. Tais redes tem contribuído para a capilarização do conteúdo urbano, alterando a relação entre as cidades e redefinindo as hierarquias urbanas. Esse artigo tem o objetivo de discutir de que forma as redes geográficas do período técnico-científico-informacional promovem a capilarização do conteúdo urbano em diferentes densidades pelo território, redefinindo a rede urbana. Para isso o território norte-rio-grandense é considerado como recorte espacial para fins de análise.
Wskazania pastoralno-edukacyjne dotyczące małżeństw i rodzin w dokumentach Kościoła w Polsce w latach 1989–1999. Impulsy nauczania kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego
Authors: Kulesz Zbigniew
Published: January 2022

W Polsce, po 1989 roku, nowa sytuacja polityczno-społeczna przyniosła wyzwania wymagające refleksji oraz podjęcia przez Kościół nowych działań. Oprócz pozytywnych skutków transformacji, uzyskania wolności i swobód demokratycznych, równolegle pojawiły się zjawiska destrukcyjne oraz demoralizujące, których negatywne skutki dotknęły przede wszystkim rodzinę – fundament każdego społeczeństwa i narodu. Opis planów pastoralnych, dotyczących małżeństw i rodzin, zawartych w dokumentach Kościoła w Polsce, ukazuje troskę oraz zakres pracy i starań w tym obszarze. Nauczanie Stefana kard. Wyszyńskiego na temat małżeństwa i rodziny jest ważnym punktem odniesienia. Przesłanie skierowane do rodzin i wszystkich głoszących Ewangelię pozostaje aktualne i niezmienne w swym celu, zakłada większą specjalizację oraz złożoność edukacji i oddziaływań pastoralnych. Kościół ukazuje niezmiennie prawidłowy model rodziny oraz przypomina o jej fundamentalnej wartości.
Kierunki umiędzynarodowienia edukacji wyższej w Chinach
Authors: Mańkowska Anna
Published: January 2022

Celem podjętych analiz jest omówienie współczesnych kierunków i trendów w umiędzynarodowieniu edukacji wyższej w Chinach. Przedmiotem badań jest zjawisko umiędzynarodowienia na poziomie edukacji wyższej – instytucjonalne rozwiązania oraz praktyczne implikacje. Opisane zostały krajowe programy usprawniania przepływu wiedzy, migracje studentów chińskich, tworzenie transnarodowych uczelni wyższych oraz polityka zatrudniania międzynarodowej kadry akademickiej. W treści artykułu wykorzystano badania zastane chińskich i zagranicznych autorów. Jako metodę badawczą wybrano analizę źródeł wtórnych.
Analysis of USAID/Georgia Supported Basic Education Program First Cycle Implementation
Authors: Akhvlediani Maia , Kobuladze Nato , Moralishvili Sophio
Published: January 2022

The article highlights Akaki Tsereteli State University's involvement and participation in wide school reforms to establish student-centered education in Georgia. School educational reform cannot proceed and succeed without the direct involvement of the universities which carry out teacher preparation programs. Unequivocally, there should be close cooperation and collaboration between these two institutions to reach the desirable and targeted outcomes. The purpose of the article was to present the results of the survey, which was intended to assess the effectiveness of training conducted by the university trainers during the first phase of the new school reform in Georgia which focused on achieving student-centered learning. The selected trainers from the eight partnering universities were supposed to cover 2075 schools throughout Georgia (373 schools in Imereti Region) to train leader teachers and help the institution to develop new instructional methods, more specifically, to develop a school curriculum based on constructivist educational principles and apply it into practice. The survey findings assisted Pedagogical faculty in identifying existing curriculum gaps and discrepancies and taking measures to bridge them by modifying and supplementing them with the necessary content.
Home education and the functioning of a nation – theory and practice (on the polish example)
Authors: Budajczak Marek
Published: January 2022

Home education is one of the legal (in countries that recognize it) forms of compulsory education for children and youth, which in practice consists in educating minors in the family home, without attending school. Home education understood in this way is becoming more and more popular globally. Perhaps this is due to its advantages. When considering the advantages of home education, one should also take into account (regardless of various problems associated with it) the benefits it brings to various social communities. In this article, the subject of comments is the relationship between home education and the functioning of national communities. An example is Poland as a state and nation.
Relacje między następującymi po sobie teoriami a sposoby odpowiedzi realizmu naukowego na zarzut pesymistycznej indukcji
Authors: Buczkowska Janina
Published: January 2022

Artykuł nawiązuje do dyskusji wokół uzgodnienia realizmu naukowego z argumentem pesymistycznej indukcji (PI) i jest próbą jej rozwinięcia. Przedstawia propozycję dodatkowej argumentacji na rzecz realizmu naukowego, odwołującą się do pominiętej w realizmie strukturalnym i semirealizmie relacji korespondencji między następującymi po sobie teoriami. Pokazuje, że choć sposób argumentowania przyjęty w dotychczasowej dyskusji, opierający się na strategii divide et impera, trafnie odnosi się do przypadków zmiany teorii podobnych, do zastąpienia teorii optycznej Fresnela teorią elektromagnetyczną światła, to nie jest odpowiedni dla przypadków zmiany teorii, w których poprzedniczka i następczyni pozostają w relacji korespondencji. Rozwiązanie Worralla pomija istotne przesłanki, jakie z tej relacji wynikają dla rozumienia ciągłości teoretycznej. Uwzględnienie specyficznej różnicy zakresu zjawisk w następujących po sobie teoriach, które łączy relacja korespondencji, pozwoliło wskazać inny rodzaj ciągłości między teoriami i sformułować dodatkowe uzasadnienie dla realistycznego stanowiska wobec tego typu zmiany teorii. Wykazano, że w przypadku relacji korespondencji aproksymacyjna prawdziwość teorii i jej ciągłość mają inny charakter niż przyjmowany w strategii divide et impera, gdyż opierają się na innej relacji między następującymi po sobie teoriami. Odwołanie się do ograniczonego zakresu poprzedniczki i jej „lokalnego” względem następczyni charakteru pozwoliło uniknąć niektórych zarzutów, wysuwanych przeciwko argumentom na rzecz realizmu naukowego, odwołujących się do relacji korespondencji. W świetle przeprowadzonych rozważań teza, że zmiana dojrzałych teorii, odnoszących sukces, przeczy ich aproksymacyjnej prawdziwości, nie znajduje właściwego odniesienia do przypadków zmiany teorii, w wyniku której poprzedniczkę i następczynię łączy relacja korespondencji. Przedstawiona argumentacja uchyla zarzut PI w stosunku do tego rodzaju zmiany teorii i nie narzuca niektórych ograniczeń realizmu naukowego wynikających z realizmu strukturalnego. --------------- Zgłoszono: 24/03/2021. Zrecenzowano: 18/06/2021. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 05/07/2021.
The Archangel Delusion. Descriptive Ethics and Its Role in the Education of Ethicists
Authors: Kucharski Jarosław
Published: January 2022

The role of ethicists is to provide a genuine ethical theory to help non-ethicists interpret and solve moral dilemmas, to define what is right or wrong, and, finally, to clarify moral values. Therefore, ethicists are taught to address morality with rational procedures, to set aside their moral intuitions and emotions. Sometimes, professional ethicists are prone to falling into the archangel delusion – the belief that they are beyond the influence of their own emotions. This can lead to ousting moral intuitions from the space of ethical reflection, thus making ethicists unaware of them. They may treat intuitive beliefs about morality as an expression of primal moral feelings. The main question pursued in this article, is how those feelings may influence moral theories, which should be developed by professional ethicists. Ethicists may provide an ethical theory which is merely a rationalisation and justification for their own suppressed moral emotions, rather than the effect of genuine, rational moral reasoning. To help ethicists cope with this delusion, a model of cooperation between descriptive and normative ethics is proposed. Ethicists should therefore use the research tools of descriptive ethics to determine their own intuitions, and the moral emotions in which these intuitions are grounded. --------------- Received: 09/06/2021. Reviewed: 23/07/2021. Accepted: 13/08/2021.
Operatywno-heurystyczne kształcenie dla zdrowia w koncepcji filozoficznej Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Authors: Jagiełłowicz Alina Bernadetta
Published: January 2022

W tekście podjęto zagadnienie wartości operatywno-heurystycznego prozdrowotnego kształtowania postaw inspirowanego filozoficzną koncepcją Juliana Aleksandrowicza. Tło rozważań stanowią obecne we współczesnej kulturze tendencje rozwoju ultratechnologii. Z uwagi na odcięcie się medycyny od korzenia filozofii zachodzi konieczność przewartościowania dziedzictwa neopozytywistycznego oraz redefinicji pojęć: „zdrowie” i „choroba”. Problem decyzyjny „życie albo śmierć”, definiowany w kategoriach dysjunkcji, narzuca nowy sposób interpretacji pojęć moralnych. Idea autokreacji w procesie przywracania dobrze stworzonej natury jest w tej koncepcji równoważona przez subiektywne poczucie zdrowia, odnoszone do szerokiego kontekstu fizycznego i psycho-duchowego, społecznego, środowiskowego. Myśl ta znalazła odzwierciedlenie w przyjętej przez Juliana Aleksandrowicza koncepcji holistycznie ujmowanego zdrowia jako wartości moralnej.

---------------

Zgłoszono: 21/04/2021. Zrecenzowano: 14/06/2021. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 06/09/2021.
W poszukiwaniu tożsamości współczesnej filozofii przyrody
Authors: Janowski Jarosław Maciej
Published: January 2022

W artykule podjęto kwestię dotyczącą tożsamości filozofii przyrody w kontekście trzech współcześnie wymienianych charakterystycznych cech tej dyscypliny, a mianowicie jej różnorodności metodologicznej, interdyscyplinarności oraz swoistej dynamiki rozwojowej. Analizowane są zagrożenia dla tożsamości filozofii przyrody, wynikające z takiego zestawu cech, w szczególności z różnorodności metodologicznej filozofii przyrody. Jednocześnie podjęto próbę obrony wymienionych cech jako powodujących nie tylko zagrożenia, ale również (paradoksalnie) wzmacniających tożsamość filozofii przyrody. Całość analiz odnosi się do metafilozoficznej charakterystyki dziedziny filozofii.

---------------

Zgłoszono: 13/08/2021. Zrecenzowano: 06/09/2021. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 14/10/2021.
Projekt „teologii” ewolucyjnej Edwarda D. Cope’a
Authors: Wagner Michał
Published: January 2022

Edward Dinker Cope (1840-1897) był jednym z najbardziej wpływowych przyrodników XIX wieku, który doprowadził do rozwoju amerykańskiej paleontologii oraz popularyzacji teorii ewolucji Lamarcka. Teorię tę rozwinął pod postacią autorskiej koncepcji psycholamarkizmu. Jednym z pomijanych wątków jego biografii są jego poglądy filozoficzne. Zdaniem Cope’a teologia naturalna powinna zostać zreformowana przez wprowadzenie do niej nowych założeń filozoficznych, zgodnych z formującą się nauką ewolucjonizmu. Cope proponował stworzenie nowej „teologii”, która miała się opierać na jego koncepcji ewolucji kierowanej świadomością, jak również doborem naturalnym. W artykule przeanalizowano filozoficzne propozycje Cope’a oraz ukazano, w jaki sposób zreinterpretował mechanizm selekcji, wpisując go w swoją teleologiczną wizję procesu ewolucyjnego. Zdaniem Cope’a człowiek, posiadając wolną wolę, jest w stanie kierować swoją ewolucją, lecz nie ma gwarancji tego, że będzie w stanie przetrwać. Teza ta miała charakter teologiczny w dziełach Cope’a, który w nieprzystosowaniu widział odpowiednik grzechu, a ten z kolei eliminowany był przez dobór naturalny. W ten sposób akceptacja Boga stawała się jedyną drogą gwarantującą przetrwanie. Jednak ta konkluzja doprowadziła Cope’a do racjonalizacji rasizmu, gdyż widział on w wyzysku innych ras skutki ich ewolucyjnej degeneracji. Poglądy Cope’a odzwierciedlają współczesne problemy, jakie można zauważyć w naukach społecznych, jeśli odwołują się do mechanizmu doboru naturalnego. --------------- Zgłoszono: 29/08/2021. Zrecenzowano: 11/10/2021. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 25/10/2021.
Stanisław Kamiński’s Philosophy as Christian Philosophy
Authors: Mbamara Sebastine Kingsley
Published: January 2022

This article argues that Kaminski’s concept of philosophy meets the requirements for being a Christian philosophy as articulated by John Paul II. In the encyclical letter Fides et Ratio, John Paul II affirmed the possibility, existence, meaning, and need for a Christian philosophy. He distinguished three stances of philosophy concerning the Christian faith. First, philosophy should be completely independent of the Biblical Revelation but implicitly open to the supernatural. A second stance adopted by philosophy is often designated as Christian philosophy. Third, philosophy presents another stance that is closely related to theology. Kamiński constructed an understanding of philosophy that is original, universal, and autonomous. Such a notion of philosophy (and its methodology) was based on the classical theory of being, which fulfils the demand for the autonomy of philosophy through its relationship with faith. Kamiński’s doctrinal standpoints in philosophy are rational, objective, and universal. According to him, philosophy is also compatible with the Christian faith. In this sense, one can speak of his philosophy as a Christian philosophy.

---------------

Received: 22/04/2021. Reviewed: 06/09/2021. Accepted: 23/10/2021.
Michał Jakub Wagner, „Interpretacje rozwoju biologii ewolucyjnej na przełomie XIX i XX wieku”, Liber Libri, Warszawa 2020, ss. 332 (rec.)
Authors: Świeżyński Adam
Published: January 2022

Autor omawianej publikacji podjął się zadania przeanalizowania zaproponowanych dotąd interpretacji „zaćmienia darwinizmu”, chcąc ustalić, w jakim stopniu odpowiadają one rzeczywistości. Po dokonaniu ustaleń w tym zakresie doszedł do wniosku, że żadna z nich nie wyjaśnia w sposób adekwatny załamania się, jakie dotknęło teorię Darwina we wspomnianym okresie. Dlatego postanowił zaproponować własną interpretację „zaćmienia darwinizmu”, w której odwołuje się przede wszystkim do filozoficznych uwarunkowań darwinowskiej teorii ewolucji.

---------------

Zgłoszono: 04/08/2021. Zrecenzowano: 19/08/2021. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 06/09/2021.
Current Trends and Applications of Food-derived Antihypertensive
Peptides for the Management of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Shukla Pratik , Chopada Keval , Sakure Amar , Hati Subrota
Published: January 2022

Food derived Antihypertensive peptides is considered as a natural supplement for controlling the hypertension. Food protein not only serve as a macronutrient but also act as raw material for biosynthesis of physiologically active peptides. Food sources like milk and milk products, animal protein such as meat, chicken, fish, eggs and plant derived proteins from soy, rice, wheat, mushroom, pumpkins contain high amount of antihypertensive peptides. The food derived antihypertensive peptides has ability to supress the action of rennin and Angiotesin converting enzyme (ACE) which is mainly involved in regulation of blood pressure by RAS. The biosynthesis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase is also improved by ACE inhibitory peptides which increase the production of nitric oxide in vascular walls and encourage vasodilation. Interaction between the angiotensin II and its receptor is also inhibited by the peptides which help to reduce hypertension. This review will explore the novel sources and applications of food derived peptides for the management of hypertension.
Bioinformatics and Computer Simulation Approaches to the Discovery and
Analysis of Bioactive Peptides
Authors: Li Gao , Shuli Zhang , Linlin Liu , Yinghu Zhao , Nan Shi , Haibin Wang , Hongyu Xu
Published: January 2022

The traditional process of separating and purifying bioactive peptides is laborious and time-consuming. Using a traditional process to identify is difficult, and there is a lack of fast and accurate activity evaluation methods. How to extract bioactive peptides quickly and efficiently is still the focus of bioactive peptides research. In order to improve the present situation of the research, bioinformatics techniques and peptidome methods are widely used in this field. At the same time, bioactive peptides have their own specific pharmacokinetic characteristics, so computer simulation methods have incomparable advantages in studying the pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlation models of bioactive peptides. The purpose of this review is to summarize the combined applications of bioinformatics and computer simulation methods in the study of bioactive peptides, concentrating on the role of bioinformatics in simulating the selection of enzymatic hydrolysis and precursor proteins, activity prediction, molecular docking, physicochemical properties, and molecular dynamics. Our review shows that new bioactive peptide molecular sequences with high activity can be obtained by computer-aided design. The significance of the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlation model in the study of bioactive peptides is emphasized. Finally, some problems and future development potential of bioactive peptides binding new technologies are being prospected.
Multilocular Thymic Cyst in a Patient with Untreated HIV/AIDS: Case Report
and Review of the Literature
Authors: Czech Mary M. , Ogden William , Batra Rashmi , Cooper Joseph D.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Multilocular thymic cysts (MTCs) in adults with human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) are rarely reported.

Case Presentation:

We describe a case of symptomatic MTC in a male with untreated HIV. A presumptive
diagnosis was established based on radiographic imaging and biopsy. Pathologic diagnosis
and exclusion of malignancy were ultimately confirmed following thymectomy. In conjunction
with starting antiretroviral therapy, the patient recovered well post-operatively with a resolution of
his presenting symptoms.

Conclusion:

Our case report and review of the literature serve to highlight MTCs as an important
clinical entity occurring in persons with HIV.
Patient-Physician Communication in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Morelli Emanuela , Mulas Olga , Caocci Giovanni
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

An effective communication is an integral part of the patient-physician relationship. Lack of a healthy patient-physician relationship leads to a lower level of patient satisfaction, scarce understanding of interventions and poor adherence to treatment regimes. Patients need to be involved in the therapeutic process and the assessment of risks and perspectives of the illness in order to better evaluate their options. Physicians, in turn, must convey and communicate information clearly in order to avoid misunderstandings and consequently poor medical care. The patient-physician relationship in cancer care is extremely delicate due to the complexity of the disease. In cancer diagnosis, the physician must adopt a communicative approach that considers the psychosocial factors, needs and patient’s preferences for information,which in turn all contribute to affect clinical outcomes.

Search Strategy and Methods
:

This review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. We included studies on the importance of physician-patient communication in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome care. We searched PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Google scholar for studies published from December 1

st

, 2020 up to March 1

st

, 2021. Using MeSH headings, we search for the terms “Physician and patient communication AND Acute Myeloid leukemia” or “Myelodysplastic syndrome” or “Doctor” or “Clinician”, as well as variations thereof .

Purpose of the Review
:

This review examines the progress in communication research between patient and physician and focuses on the impact of communication styles on patient-physician relationshipin hematologic cancers, including Acute Myeloid Leukaemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes.
The Difficult Task of Diagnosing Depression in Elderly People with Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Massa Elena , Donisi Clelia , Liscia Nicole , Madeddu Clelia , Impera Valentino , Mariani Stefano , Scartozzi Mario , Lai Eleonora
Published: January 2022

Background:

Depression is a common psychiatric problem in the elderly and oncology patients. In elderly people with cancer, depression has a peculiar phenomenology. It has a significant impact on the quality of life. Moreover, it is associated with poor adherence to treatments, increased risk of suicide, and mortality. Nevertheless, the topic of depression in elderly people with cancer remains unexplored.

Objective:

The main goal of this article is to review the literature from the past 20 years on the relationships between depression, cancer, and aging.

Methods:

The methods followed the Prisma model for eligibility of studies. The articles in which the keywords “depression”, “cancer”, “ elderly, aging, or geriatric” were present, either in the text or in the abstract, were selected. 8.056 articles, by matching the keywords “depression and elderly and cancer,” were identified. Only 532 papers met the eligibility criteria of search limits and selection process. Out of 532 papers, 467 were considered irrelevant, leaving 65 relevant studies. Out of 65 suitable studies, 39 (60.0%) met our quality criteria and were included.

Results:

The risk factors associated with depression in elderly people with cancer can be divided into 4 groups: 1) tumor-related; 2) anticancer treatment-related; 3) patients-related; 4) number and type of comorbidity. The main obstacles in diagnosing depression in elderly patients with cancer are the overlap of the symptoms of cancer and side effects of treatment with the symptoms of depression but also the different ways of reporting depressive symptoms of elderly people and the different clinical types of depression. There is a lack of data regarding validated scales to assess depression in geriatric patients with cancer. Any mental illness, specifically co-occurring anxiety and depression, increases the risk of diagnosis delay and anticancer treatment adherence. Cancer and the diagnosis of mental disorders prior to cancer diagnosis correlate with an increased risk for suicide. A non-pharmacological therapeutic approach, pharmacological treatment and/or a combination of both can be used to treat elderly patients with cancer, but a detailed analysis of comorbidities and the assessment of polypharmacy is mandatory in order to avoid potential side-effects and interactions between antidepressants and the other drugs taken by the patients.

Conclusion:

Future research should be conducted with the aim of developing a modified and adapted assessment method for the diagnosis and treatment of depression in elderly people with cancer in order to improve their clinical outcomes and quality of life.
The Quality of Life of People with Solid Cancer is Less Worse than Other Diseases with better Prognosis, Except in the Presence of Depression
Authors: Aviles Gonzalez Cesar Ivan , Angermeyer Matthias , Deiana Laura , Loi Caterina , Murgia Elisabetta , Holzinger Anita , Cossu Giulia , Massa Elena , Romano Ferdinando , Scartozzi Mario , Carta Mauro Giovanni
Published: January 2022

Background:

Suffering from Solid Cancer (SC) may adversely impact the Health-related Quality of Life (H-QoL). The aims of this study are to measure the H-QoL in a sample of people suffering from SC and to clarify the role of the co-occurrence of depressive episodes. Results were compared with a healthy control group and with groups of other disorders.

Methods:

In 151 patients with SC (mean±sd age 63.1±11.5; female 54.3%), H-QoL was assessed by SF-12, depressive episodes were identified by PHQ-9. The attributable burden of SC in impairing H-QoL was calculated as the difference between SF-12 score of a community sex and age ¼ matched healthy control group and that of the study sample. The attributable burden of SC was compared with other chronic diseases using specific diagnostic groups drawn from case-control studies that used the same database for selecting control samples.

Results:

H-QoL in people with SC was significantly worse than in the healthy control group (p<0.0001). The attributable burden in worsening the H-QoL due to SC was similar to those of severe chronic diseases, but lower than Multiple Sclerosis (p<0.0001) or Fibromyalgia (p<0.00001). Having a depressive episode was a strong determinant of decreasing H-QoL, regardless of the severity of cancer.

Conclusion:

The findings confirm a strong impact of SC but showed that H-QoL in SC was higher than in chronic diseases with better “quoad vitam” outcome. Since depression was a strong determinant, its prevention, early detection and therapy are the main objectives that must be reached in cancer patients.