bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disability Related to the Upper Extremities in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis – Long-term Course and Disease Parameter Impact: a cohort study
Authors: Rydholm Maria , Hagel Sofia , Jacobsson Lennart T.H. , Turesson Carl
Published: October 2024

Objective

To investigate the course of disability related to the upper extremities (UE) in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to assess correlations between such disability and clinical parameters, including grip force.

Methods

In an inception cohort of patients with early RA (diagnosed 1995-2005, N=222, follow-up 10 years), disability of the UE was assessed using a subscore of the Health assessment questionnaire disability index (HAQ-DI), and average grip force of the dominant hand was measured. Changes between consecutive follow-up visits in the HAQ-DI-UE subscore, and correlations at each visit with key clinical parameters, were assessed. The relation between joint involvement and HAQ-DI-UE was examined using multivariate linear regression analysis.

Results

The HAQ-DI-UE decreased significantly from inclusion to the 6-month follow-up (mean change -0.26; 95% CI -0.18 to -0.34), and increased significantly after 2 years. There were fairly strong correlations for HAQ-DI-UE with grip force (r:-0.50 to -0.62), patient's global assessment (r: 0.58 to 0.64) and patient's assessment of pain (r:0.54 to 0.60) at all time points through 5 years, but only moderate to weak correlations with swollen joints, CRP and ESR. At inclusion wrist synovitis and tender proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints had both an independent impact on HAQ-DI-UE, whereas tenderness of the shoulder and the wrist had a greater importance at 6 months.

Conclusion

Disability related to the upper extremities decreased significantly during the first 6 months, and increased again after 2 years. The correlations with clinical parameters underline the major impact of pain and impaired hand function in early RA.
Non financial rewards for HRM in tech companies
Authors: Almadana-Abón Santiago , Molina-Gómez Jesús , Mercadé-Melé Pere , Núñez-Sánchez José Manuel
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This research study aims to determine the importance of non-financial rewards as an element of total compensation and its relationship to human resource management mediated by the relationship of strategic corporate governance in the technology sector.Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative approach of extrinsic and intrinsic non-financial rewards, human resource management and strategic management of the company has been carried out. To obtain the necessary data, self-administered questionnaire were used. The results obtained from a sample of 97 human resource managers in the technology sector proves the causal relationship between each type of non-financial reward and human resource management, as well as its link to the strategic management.Findings: Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM),  significant relationships occur between human resource management and strategic management, followed by the relationship between human resource management and intrinsic rewards. A significant relationship exists between human resource management and direct and indirect intrinsic rewards through strategic management. In turn, only an indirect relationship exists between human resource management and extrinsic non-financial rewards through strategic management, but there is no direct relationship.Originality/value: These findings are highly important for human resource management, since it could allow the development of new compensation strategies with non-financial rewards under strategic management helping technology companies to generate competitive advantage by means of the same.
Effects of nitrogen topdressing fertilization on yield and quality in soybeans
Authors: Lee Yeon Ju , Kim Jong Hyuk , Ha Ju Hyeon , Nam Ha Yeon , Rho Il Rae
Published: October 2024

Soybean [Glycine max (L.)] has higher nitrogen requirements than other crops. We investigated the effects on soybean yield and quality of topdressing with nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied as a topdressing to soybeans at 0, 20, 30, and 40 kg ha−1 (N0, N20, N30, and N40 treatments, respectively); half of the total topdressing treatment was applied at the pre-flowering (R 1) stage and the other half at the post-flowering (R 2) stage. Yield was highest in the N20 treatment and decreased with larger quantities of topdressing. The protein and total amino acid content were highest in the N20 treatment but tended to decrease with a greater quantity of topdressing. contents of most individual amino acids peaked in the N20 or N30 treatments and decreased as topdressing quantity increased, although proline and arginine contents increased with quantity of topdressing. Isoflavone content tended to be highest in either the N30 or N20 treatment. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (AEN) was highest in the N20 treatment. There was a positive correlation between AEN and yield, protein, isoflavone, and amino acid content. Topdressing with 20 kg ha−1 N produced the highest yield, protein, and amino acid content. Topdressing with greater quantities of nitrogen fertilizer decreased the yield and quality of soybeans.
Fractional stochastic heat equation with mixed operator and driven by fractional-type noise
Authors: Zili Mounir , Zougar Eya , Rhaima Mohamed
Published: October 2024

We investigated a novel stochastic fractional partial differential equation (FPDE) characterized by a mixed operator that integrated the standard Laplacian, the fractional Laplacian, and the gradient operator. The equation was driven by a random noise, which admitted a covariance measure structure with respect to the time variable and behaved as a Wiener process in space. Our analysis included establishing the existence of a solution in the general case and deriving an explicit form for its covariance function. Additionally, we delved into a specific case where the noise was modeled as a generalized fractional Brownian motion (gfBm) in time, with a particular emphasis on examining the regularity of the solution's sample paths.
Enhancing probabilistic based real-coded crossover genetic algorithms with authentication of VIKOR multi-criteria optimization method
Authors: Jalal-ud-Din  , Ehtasham-ul-Haq  , Almanjahie Ibrahim M. , Ahmad Ishfaq
Published: October 2024

 To improve the performance of genetic algorithms (GAs) in complex optimization settings, this work offered two novel real-coded crossover operators: one based on the Gumbel distribution (GX) and the other on the Rayleigh distribution (RX). These innovative operators, when combined with three different mutation techniques, created a significant improvement in GA methodology. Our meticulous simulations showed that the GX operator significantly outperformed RX and other traditional operators, demonstrating its superior capacity to address complex optimization problems. The GX operator's unusual robustness was further validated through detailed performance analysis utilizing the VlseKriterijuska Optimizacija I Komoromisno Resenje (VIKOR) multi-criteria decision-making technique, setting a new standard in crossover operator design and significantly improving the state of the art in GAs.
A multi-strategy improved snake optimizer and its application to SVM parameter selection
Authors: Lu Hong , Zhan Hongxiang , Wang Tinghua
Published: October 2024

Support vector machine (SVM) is an effective classification tool and maturely used in various fields. However, its performance is very sensitive to parameters. As a newly proposed swarm intelligence algorithm, snake optimizer algorithm (SO) can help to solve the parameter selection problem. Nevertheless, SO has the shortcomings of weak population initialization, slow convergence speed in the early stage, and being easy to fall into local optimization. To address these problems, an improved snake optimizer algorithm (ISO) was proposed. The mirror opposition-based learning mechanism (MOBL) improved the population quality to enhance the optimization speed. The novel evolutionary population dynamics model (NEPD) was beneficial for searching accurately. The differential evolution strategy (DES) helped to reduce the probability of falling into local optimal value. The experimental results of classical benchmark functions and CEC2022 showed that ISO had higher optimization precision and faster convergence rate. In addition, it was also applied to the parameter selection of SVM to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ISO.
Analysis of the Pivotal Role of Quality Codes in the UK and the Crucial Implementation Strategies for the Higher Education Sectors in the UK
Authors: Munna Afzal Sayed , Shaikh Md Sadeque Imam , Rahman Mushfiqur , Koolmon Ghanshym
Published: October 2024

Quality Assurance (QA) is termed an effective process followed by UK universities to follow the needs of QAA, the “Quality Assurance Agency,” to improve the quality of academic standards (University of Edinburgh, 2024). QAA plays a vital role in the universities and colleges of the UK, and it judges and ensures that these sectors fulfil their academic responsibilities efficiently (QAA, 2024b). To regulate the academics of universities, QAA conducts “external reviews” or audits and describes the standards to universities using the “Academic infrastructure”.
Accreditation Benefits and Pitfalls
Authors: Moussa Amine
Published: October 2024

A major global trend facing higher education today are pressures for accreditation. Business schools around the world seek recognition and acknowledgement for the effort they place into improving their administration, curricula, faculty and students to establish their overall standing among competitors. One aspect of this recognition is achieving accreditation which is a rigorous procedure that takes an enormous amount of time, effort and budget. Accreditation has the aim of conforming a school to certain quality education and academic management standards. It is seen by institutions as enriching the value of their brand and acting as a useful marketing tool that attracts future students and helps in contacts for job placement. However, in conforming to standards and becoming like other accredited institutions, schools might find themselves diverging from their mission and focusing on many things other than their main function. Eventually, these schools may become isomorphic in that they merely mimic what dominant business schools are doing.
Impact of AI (ChatGPT) in Education and Assessment Strategies and Policy Recommendations for the HE Sectors
Authors: Shaikh Md Sadeque Imam , Munna Afzal Sayed , Koolmon Ghanshym , Rahman Mushfiqur
Published: October 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) ChatGPT has changed the way of Higher Education (HE) and assessment processes through auto-generated study content, easily accessible information, and brainstorming exercises. The use of ChatGPT helped learners to create personalised learning plans along with generating educational content. For instance, ChatGPT is effectively used by educators in reviewing and grading student essays through analysing the content, structure, and critical insight of writing.
AI in Higher Education
Authors: Sultana Saira
Published: October 2024

This chapter assesses the transformative impact of the usage of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of higher education. As technology continues to advance, generative AI is increasingly used to enhance various aspects of higher education, including personalised learning, assessment, and content creation. This chapter addresses the changing circumstances of education and research, where the use of generative AI technologies is becoming more substantial and innovative. However, the higher education industries are facing challenges to cope up with academic Integrity and ethics. It includes a consideration of the theoretical foundations that underpin generative AI, its significance and potential implications within the higher education. The AI tools facilitates automatic generation of assignments and exams across various subject. It is raising concerns about intellectual integrity and academic justice. Therefore, to understand the transformative impact of AI in higher education, it is essential to focus on AI ethics, quality assurance, and academic integrity.
Imposter Syndrome and Genuine Imposterism in Academic Leadership Contexts
Authors: Leick Birgit , Köstner Elena
Published: October 2024

Imposter syndrome (IS) and genuine imposterism (GI) represent two important phenomena that are relevant in the context of academic leadership but have to date remained under-theorised. Both phenomena may be dependent upon country- or context-specific characteristics of higher education and associated with negative aspects of leadership (e.g., toxic or destructive leadership). Based upon a literature review, this paper conceptualises the phenomena both through their associations with one another and their associations with academic leadership behaviour. Through this conceptual perspective, the paper discusses incentives for the emergence of the phenomena in Scandinavian and German higher education. Thereby, it enables theoretical points of departure for both researchers and practitioners to understand the nature and scope of IS and GI with leadership in higher education and beyond, and it lays the foundation for future empirical research.
A Framework for Transitioning Student Workers to Full-Time Employees
Authors: Hofland Mandy , Woodstead Kendra , Parson Laura
Published: October 2024

This chapter presents a comprehensive framework for transitioning student workers to full-time employees, focusing on best practices in student professional development and support within higher education. The chapter outlines strategies for effectively managing and developing student workers, addressing hiring challenges, and nurturing the soft skills necessary for post-graduation employment. The authors draw from their experiences as a multidisciplinary team to provide practical insights, examples, and recommendations for integrating and developing graduate students in research projects. The framework emphasizes the importance of investing in students, recognizing their existing expertise, fostering inclusivity, and prioritizing trust and autonomy. By prioritizing student learning and success, the chapter offers valuable guidance for institutions seeking to optimize leadership and governance in higher education.
Reimagining Higher Education
Authors: Sidhu Ria Gurpreet
Published: October 2024

While the flipped classroom model is expected to enhance the learning experience in the social sciences, its implementation requires careful consideration of various factors. Educators must critically evaluate whether flipped learning is consistent with their environment and student demographics, ensuring that it complements, rather than replaces, effective instructional practices. This chapter Reimagining Higher Education - Building the informal 'Sofa Network' - a flipped approach to teaching and learning, will explore how a new approach and proposed model based in ‘informal - unstructured learning opportunity' could be adapted to enhance widening participation student experience and engagement.
Artificial Intelligence and Hyper-Personalisation in Travel Platforms
Authors: Sahani Garima , Chaudhary Monica , Ghouse Suhail Mohammad Mohammad
Published: October 2024

This chapter discusses the use of artificial intelligence and hyper personalisation in travel platforms in India and its impact on customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. As the industries are moving towards technological transformation, there is a need to know how consumers perceive personalised offerings and engage with it in tourism industry. There is a significant gap to understand hyper personalization strategies impact over consumers while online booking experience and address their problems. The study was conducted by taking a survey in which respondents who are the active users of travel platforms participated. The findings of the study highlight the need for online travel platforms to prioritize personalization and AI integration to enhance user satisfaction and loyalty. By leveraging technology to deliver tailored experiences and addressing user needs more effectively, travel platforms can position themselves for success in an increasingly competitive market landscape.
Harnessing OpenStreetMap for Smart Destination Mapping and Navigation
Authors: Khan Kashif Mehmood , Thomas Remi , Ahmad Munir
Published: October 2024

OpenStreetMap (OSM) offers a powerful and versatile alternative to traditional map providers for smart destinations. This chapter explored the key advantages of OSM, including its collaborative data model, open licensing, and integration potential. The chapter then delved into various applications of OSM for smart destinations. By leveraging OSM's data and integration capabilities, destinations can create detailed and user-centric maps, enhance navigation with real-time data, and tailor experiences for different visitor segments. Integration with mobile applications, public transit systems, and location-based services further enriches the visitor experience by providing a comprehensive navigation ecosystem and personalized recommendations. However, the chapter also acknowledged the challenges associated with using OSM. Data quality and consistency can vary across regions, and maintaining and updating the data requires dedicated resources. Integration with other platforms presents technical complexities that necessitate specific expertise.
Redefining Success of the Tourism Sector Through Technological Advancements
Authors: Dar Hafizullah , Dar Mudasir Ahmad
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on the transformational impact of technology on the tourism sector. The contribution of digital platforms, social media, and virtual reality on destination marketing strategies and the promotion of active traveler participation is explored in this study. The role of smart tourism technologies enhancing personalization and improved customer service in tourism sector is also studied. The importance of inclusive design, assistive technology, and digital accessibility in providing equal opportunities to individuals with disabilities or unique needs is further examined. Besides, the study considers the role of technology in optimizing operational and management functions within the tourism sector. This includes process transformation and workflow optimization, improved performance expectations, and the ability to make data-driven decisions. Furthermore, this study reiterates the importance of responsible innovation that is focused on sustainability, inclusiveness, and ethical equity in redefining the notion of tourism success in digital times.
Sentiment Analysis and Machine Learning for Tourism Feedback Data Analysis
Authors: Bino Dhivya , Dhanalakshmi V. , Udupi Prakash Kumar
Published: October 2024

This chapter gives a bird's eye view of the different approaches and techniques for applying machine learning and sentiment analysis models on tourism review data. The literature review section examines different approaches and frameworks for sentiment analysis with respect to the tourism sector. The methodology followed includes the basic implementation of different techniques of sentiment analysis and machine learning. The sentiment analysis has been performed using a transformer-based model on a data set of user feedback publicly available from Kaggle. Its performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, and results were found to be comparable with similar studies done. The chapter also includes a demonstration of feature extraction using lexicon-based method as well as performance comparison of different machine learning algorithms. The insights gained from these analyses can be useful for businesses, governments, and individuals connected with the tourism sector, aiding them in making decisions influenced by public sentiment.
Sustainable Finance and ESG Investing
Authors: Chand Rachna , Kour Manjit
Published: October 2024

The economic development of the nation necessitates the establishment of a robust financial system, which can be achieved through the successful outcomes of businesses in both the public and private sectors. The company's smooth operation is primarily dependent on its finances; however, in order to reap long-term benefits, sustainability must be achieved through the implementation of a variety of rules, policies, and procedures. Sustainable finance has to do with investing decisions that put environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors first in order to plan for the company's long-term survival. In order to understand the conceptual meaning of ESG and other terms associated with it, the theories of a number of researchers have been reviewed in this paper to provide comprehensive knowledge. The findings of this paper can be utilized by researchers, practitioners, and the general public. Additional recommendations are made at the end.
Technological Integration and Innovative Strategies Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Operational Excellence
Authors: Gamal Hany
Published: October 2024

This chapter provides a comprehensive exploration of the critical components essential to achieving operational excellence within the oil and gas industry through the application of artificial intelligence (AI). It delves into the imperative of digital transformation, elucidating the pivotal role of AI in optimizing exploration and drilling processes. Furthermore, the chapter examines the application of AI-driven predictive maintenance, machine learning for augmenting production efficiency, and the synergistic convergence of AI and the Internet of Things (IoT) for real-time monitoring and safety enhancement. Through rigorous analysis and concrete examples, this work offers profound insights into the transformative potential of AI technologies and their indispensable contribution to operational excellence, reducing costs, and driving sustained business growth. Through illustrative case studies and real-world examples, the chapter demonstrates the successful implementation of these technologies and their consequential enhancement of operational excellence.
Enhancing Institutional Effectiveness for Risk Reduction
Authors: Mohamed Sameh Adawy
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores for the critical theme of enhancing institutional effectiveness for risk reduction. It purely examines certain complexities as well as the challenges that are associated with defining as well as also measuring institutional effectiveness, alongside the controversies in the strategic planning approaches. Governance along with the organizational culture are highlighted as core significant areas that need enhancement. The chapter facilitates the solutions along with certain recommendations that focus on a holistic, integrated strategy that also combines strategic planning, robust governance with a culture of continuous enhancement along innovative technological integration. Future research directions are proposed which target emerging trends like digital transformation, sustainability, and globalization. This chapter provides a comprehensive framework for institutions to get sustained effectiveness as well as resilience in an increasingly complex environment.
Business Strategies for Navigating Environmental Pressures and Global Challenges
Authors: Sihan Yang , Khan Mustafa Rehman , Khan Haseeb Rehman , Ali Akhtiar
Published: October 2024

Our chapter explores the operational management challenges and strategic responses of Shell Company, particularly in the face of increasing environmental pressures and global competition. The first section provides an overview of Shell's background and operational management issues. The second section discusses Shell's key operational strategies, including infrastructure location analysis, factor rating, cost-return analysis, product and process layout, and both internal and external system reforms. The third section identifies current management challenges and offers detailed suggestions for improving Shell's operational management. These suggestions include developing clear sustainable development goals, investing in green technologies, promoting carbon neutrality, enhancing stakeholder cooperation, improving employee environmental awareness, strengthening transparency and accountability, and establishing crisis response capabilities.
Application of fsQCA Method in Operations Management Area
Authors: Garti Molk Oukili , Arif Jabir , Jawab Fouad
Published: October 2024

Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) is a configurational method used in fields like business, marketing, and supply chain management. Despite its utility, its role in supply chain operations has been underexplored. This research aims to investigate fsQCA's application in these areas. The study includes a comprehensive literature review and a systematic and bibliometric analysis of 75 publications from 19 leading journals (2015-2024). The findings offer new insights into fsQCA's potential in various research areas and suggest future research directions. The study also identifies significant research challenges and highlights key perspectives for advancing this critical field.
Unveiling the Patterns of Romance Scams in South Korea
Authors: Choi Seoung Won , Lee Julak , Choi Yeon-Jun
Published: October 2024

Romance scams, a prevalent form of cybercrime, have surged globally, with South Korea experiencing a rapid rise. Furthermore, perpetrators have adopted increasingly sophisticated tactics. However, South Korea's unique legal framework and the lack of comprehensive regional studies have led to insufficient preventive measures and responses. This research aims to elucidate the modus operandi of South Korean romance scams and highlight their distinguishing features. By employing crime script analysis and conducting interviews with investigators, this study delineated three pre-crime scripts and thirteen criminal event scripts. The research reveals distinctive features of these scams, including the extensive use of KakaoTalk for romantic communications, the significant influence of South Korean cultural norms on scam operations, and the increasing use of advanced technologies such as deepfakes. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the unique dynamics of romance scams in South Korea, thus facilitating the development of more effective preventive strategies and responses.
Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) in Researching the Satisfaction of Simulation
Authors: Lai Qi , Denholm John
Published: October 2024

Students are the customers of higher education, and their satisfaction directly influences service quality in the tertiary sector. It is essential, therefore, to research students' views. This can be done by applying important-performance analysis (IPA), an effective tool for achieving satisfaction. The study described in this article focuses on data obtained from research into the Programme and Project Management major which is a Master's program in the United Kingdom. The course, Managing the multi-project and programme environment (MMPE), combines theory with practice through offline-business simulation. The program focuses on imparting skills to graduate students in the management field. The performance and importance of thirteen items were connected to motivation and teamwork. The results revealed that not all student respondents are satisfied with the simulation. Utilizing IPA, the research suggests that tutors should prioritize improving communication and relationships among both the programme and project teams, specifying accountability and work allocations, motivating students to achieve goals, and refining feedback methods. These recommendations could be applied to other business simulations that aim to improve student satisfaction.
Study on the Optimization of Urban Traffic and Spatial Structure in the Environment of Low-Carbon Eco-Cities
Authors: Cheng Wenting
Published: October 2024

Under the concept of “dual-carbon development”, optimising the spatial structure of urban life, perfecting the management system of public transport services, realising the spatial optimisation of urban transport, minimising carbon emissions and reducing environmental pollution are the problems that need to be solved urgently. This paper firstly analyses the development status quo of low-carbon cities, clarifies the influencing factors of low-carbon eco-cities, and discusses the correlation between the scale, population density, traffic structure and energy development of low-carbon eco-cities and low-carbon eco-cities. On this basis, the low-carbon ecological development strategy of City C in China is proposed as an example. Therefore, this study argues that low-carbon cities, as a strategic goal of new urbanisation development, should focus on constructing a theoretical system of urban upgrading and optimisation under the environment of green and sustainable ecological development, and introduce corresponding construction guarantee optimisation policies.
Beliefs in Online Professional Learning in Early Mathematics Teaching and Their Effects on Course Engagement
Authors: Hunt Jessica Heather , Bentley Brianna , Duarte Alejandra
Published: October 2024

This study focused on the effects of an early math online professional learning course offered to preschool teachers. The course was designed to inform participants' knowledge of developmental progressions and promote daily mathematics instruction that encouraged students to view their world through a mathematical lens. A survey of preschool teachers' beliefs was administered to participants of the course to determine if participants' beliefs changed significantly and how their pre-course beliefs influenced their engagement in the course. Findings indicate that the course impacted preschool teachers regardless of their area of responsibility, education level, or experience level. The teachers' comfort with teaching math to young children and perspectives about age appropriateness of mathematics were both positively influenced by the course. The teachers with the most positive initial beliefs had a higher rate of course completion. Implications for the field of preschool teacher education and online professional learning environments are discussed.
Assessing the Impact of Environmental Accounting Message Disclosure Quality on Financing Costs in High-Pollution Industries
Authors: Chen Ke , Cheng Hanlie , Qin Qiang
Published: October 2024

This article explores the relationship between environmental accounting message disclosure quality and financing costs in environmentally impactful industries. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, it combines quantitative analysis of financial indicators with qualitative insights from industry experts. The findings indicate a significant correlation between high-quality environmental message disclosure and lower equity financing costs, suggesting that investors prioritize sustainability in their decisions. Companies that demonstrate greater environmental accountability enjoy improved access to capital. The article concludes that integrating robust environmental accounting practices and effective message disclosure is essential for fostering sustainable business practices, enhancing long-term financial viability, and promoting a culture of sustainability and resilience in the face of environmental challenges
The Analysis of Smarter Future
Authors: Gao Xiaoyuan , Li Juan , Sun Kaiyang
Published: October 2024

With the continuous development of technology, smart home control systems, as one of the applications of artificial intelligence in daily life, are receiving increasing attention. However, smart home control systems face challenges in practical applications, such as complex scenarios and multimodal information. In this context, this paper introduces Visual Question Answering (VQA) technology to enhance the intelligence and user experience of smart home control systems. Despite the potential advantages of VQA technology in smart home control systems, current models still have certain shortcomings in handling local image information and integrating visual-language multimodal features. To address this, this paper proposes an innovative Transformer-based Multimodal Fusion Network (TMFNet) model. TMFNet aims to overcome the limitations of existing models in dealing with complex smart home scenarios by introducing a global-local feature attention mechanism, deep encoding-decoding modules, and multimodal representation modules.
HUMS and CBM in the Civil Helicopter Market
Authors:   Airbus Helicopters Deutschland GmbH, Hoffmann Falk ,   Airbus Helicopters S.A.S., Hasbroucq Sophie , Wurzel Georg
Published: October 2024

Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) for rotorcraft have been available since the early 1990s. While HUMS installation and utilization has recently surged in the military environment, driven in large part by the US Department of Defense's CBM+ initiative, commercial applications have progressed at a much slower rate. This paper reviews the challenges that are faced in the application of HUMS and services built around HUMS in the civil helicopter market. Some of the key characteristics of this market that set it apart from the military market are the often small fleet size per operator, starting with individual aircraft, the decentralized maintenance by diverse maintenance service partners, and the constant strong industry competition concerning cost and performance. One of the main challenges in promoting HUMS in the civil helicopter market lies in providing a cost-benefit justification. An approach for monitoring capability analysis and benefit assessment is presented. The approach is based on the analysis of various types of information from sources both within the design organization and from the field.
Progressive Unilateral Foot Drop in a Child due to Neuromuscular Choristoma
Authors: Passi Gouri Rao , Maheshwari Shailendra , Udani Vrajesh
Published: October 2024

An 8.5-year-old boy presented with a history of progressive unilateral foot drop. A contrast magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic girdle and the lumbosacral plexus revealed a diffuse fusiform thickening of the right lumbosacral trunk and the sciatic nerve in the intrapelvic and gluteal regions, with findings characteristic of a choristoma. Clinical and radiologic features as well as complications of this unusual entity are described.
Small Bowel Perforation by a Toothpick: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Al-Darwish Abdullah S. , Akram Hammad , Alsayyari Tarfah , Arafeh Fadi M. , Alsaleh Nuha A.
Published: October 2024

This case report and literature review present a rare case of small bowel perforation caused by an accidental ingestion of a toothpick. The patient’s subtle presentation with nonspecific symptoms posed diagnostic challenges, emphasizing the need for a high index of suspicion for foreign body ingestion in similar clinical scenarios. A 17-year-old male presented to the emergency department with a long history of abdominal pain, which had worsened over the past three days and localized to the right iliac fossa. The initial suspicion was acute appendicitis; however, an abdominal CT scan revealed a toothpick penetrating the small bowel wall. The patient underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy, during which the toothpick was removed and the perforated segment of the bowel was sutured intracorporeally. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery course and was discharged on the third postoperative day. Toothpick perforation poses diagnostic challenges due to its subtle presentation and lack of recollection of ingestion. Imaging plays a crucial role in identifying the foreign body and guiding appropriate treatment. Prompt surgical management involving removal of the foreign body and repair of the perforation is recommended, as nonoperative approaches generally have poor outcomes. Laparotomy or diagnostic laparoscopy is the most common and effective treatment depending on surgical experience and availability. Resection of the affected bowel segment may be required in cases of significant inflammation or large perforations. Overall prognosis is good with early diagnosis and intervention. This case emphasizes the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for perforations caused by sharp foreign bodies in patients with cryptogenic intra-abdominal pathology. A thorough history, physical examination, imaging studies, and timely surgery are crucial in preventing morbidity and mortality. Increased awareness of this rare but dangerous complication can lead to improved patient outcomes.
Comparison of Contrast-Enhanced Voiding Urosonography with Standard Fluoroscopic Voiding Cystography for the Diagnosis of Vesicoureteral Reflux: A single-Institute of Children
Authors: Alshamiri Kamal , Alsaiady Moath , Bajaber Omar , Abounassif Mazen , Alharbi Shadi , Almutairi Abdulelah , Al Moudi Mansour
Published: October 2024

Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (ce-VUS) is widely used in Europe to diagnose vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) in children. It is highly sensitive and avoids exposure to ionizing radiation. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of ce-VUS to those of VCUG performed on patients in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East to emphasize the agreement between the two modalities in detecting VUR in children with urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Aims:

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of ce-VUS using a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent for diagnosing VUR and to compare its performance with that of the standard VCUG.

Settings and Design:

Twenty-eight consecutive children who underwent ce-VUS and VCUG from September to December 2023 were enrolled.

Methods and Material:

ce-VUS and VCUG were performed simultaneously by two operators using an intravesical infusion of a mixture of ultrasound contrast medium, iodinated contrast medium, and water. Three pediatric radiologists independently reviewed the ce-VUS and VCUG images and reported the presence and degree of VUR (grades I–V).

Statistical Analysis Used:

This prospective study involved the consecutive recruitment of pediatric patients with suspected VUR. 28 patients (14 boys and 14 girls; 14 years ± 1 month) met the selection criteria.

Results:

Twenty-three patients yielded similar positive and negative results of VUR on both left and right sides in VCUG and ce-VUS. Only five patients showed discordant results. The diagnostic sensitivities of VCUG and ce-vus for the left VUR were 90% and 91%, respectively, whereas those for the right VUR were both 100%. The specificities of VCUG and ce-vus for the right VUR were 94.44% and 94.74%, respectively, whereas those for the right VUR were both 100%.

Conclusions:

Considering that radiation exposure among infants and children should be minimized, ce-VUS can potentially replace VCUG as an alternative diagnostic modality for detecting VUR.
Dietary Diversity among Students of Khulna University, Bangladesh
Authors: Moon Mymuna Islam , Islam Tanjirul , Tohan Mortuja Mahmud , Shah Bristi Rani , Juhi Nushrath Jahan , Anni Tayeeba Tabussum , Islam Abu Mohammad Mujahidul , Akter Kazi Moushumi , Howlader Md. Hasan , Rahman Md. Ashfikur
Published: October 2024

Background:

A healthy diet is a fundamental component of a healthy lifestyle, with dietary diversity being a crucial aspect of nutritious diets. Undergraduate students often exhibit inadequate dietary habits due to insufficient parental monitoring, lack of understanding of nutrition and proper eating habits, and the stress associated with academic, professional, and social obligations.

Objective:

This study aimed to measure the dietary diversity of the university students and to determine the factors associated with dietary diversity.

Methods:

This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 240 students from Khulna University, Bangladesh. Dietary diversity was chosen as the dependent variable measure on the standard dietary diversity scale (DDS) of the Food and Agriculture Organization. The DDS comprises nine food group markers, with possible scores ranging 0–9. Each food group item consumed is given a score of 1, and the maximum score a respondent can achieve on any one day is 9. Independent variables included demographic and socioeconomic factors, diet patterns, and intake of main meals in the last 24 hours. The respondents were selected by a simple random sampling method and the data were gathered via a questionnaire survey. Descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and binary logistic regression were conducted for data analysis.

Results:

The study assessed the prevalence of minimum dietary diversity among students, revealing that 55.8% had a sufficient dietary diversity score, while 44.2% scored poorly. Notably, students aged 21–25 years exhibited greater dietary diversity, particularly those in the third year of graduation or pursuing master’s degrees. The majority of these students hailed from urban areas (60.8%), consumed three main meals a day, and had notable snacking habits. Snacking choices varied with responses, including fast food, beverages, chocolates, biscuits, and fruits. Notably, 47.1% of students addressed their immediate hunger based on availability, whereas 33% admitted to skipping breakfast within the last 24 hours. These factors emerged as influential contributors to the prevalence of dietary diversity.

Conclusion:

The study revealed that nearly half of the students had poor dietary diversity, which signifies a critical problem. University administrations and policymakers are urged to consider the demographic and socioeconomic conditions of students and take necessary measures to improve their dietary patterns, ultimately enhancing overall dietary habits.
Navigating Patient Flow: Assessing the Bottlenecks in Out-Patient Services in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Authors: De Abhishek , Gupta Shibaji , Chakraborty Arup
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Patient flow in hospital outpatient departments (OPDs) is affected by bottlenecks arising from patient load and service capacity mismatch. We evaluated OPD service bottlenecks at a medical college in India by measuring patient flow and service delivery rates and examined possible associations between the service rate and sociodemographic variables.

Methods:

Two hundred and fifty-two eligible patients in the queue were selected by systematic random sampling from general medicine, respiratory medicine, general surgery, and orthopedic OPDs. Structured interview schedules and checklists were used to gather required information. Waiting times and service delivery rates were compared statistically.

Results:

Most patients were newly registered (63.89%) and visited the institute directly (87.30%). Surgery had the highest number of doctors. In all OPDs, patient flow exceeded the doctor service rate; the orthopedic OPD had the longest waiting time to see a doctor (85.71% of total time). Patients attending the surgery OPD had the least waiting time and maximum consultation time (25.62% and 65.88% of the total time, respectively). Waiting and consultation times varied significantly between the OPDs. In respiratory medicine, patients took a significantly longer time to consult (P = 0.032).

Conclusions:

The study recommends facilitating properly scheduled consultation times, rearrangement of infrastructure, and a larger healthcare workforce in OPDs.
Patterns and Risk Factors of Traumatic Brain Injuries in Pediatric Patients Visiting the Emergency Room in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam , Alqahtani Thekra , Almasaad Norah , Mustafa Salah , Alqahtani Manar , Alsuwat Khalid , Asiri Mohammed , Al Mutair Abbas , Almulhim Khalid
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in pediatric patients are a pressing public health concern, with limited data in the Saudi Arabian context. This study aimed to identify patterns, risk factors, and clinical outcomes associated with TBIs among pediatric patients visiting emergency rooms in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted, involving 1,030 pediatric patients admitted to emergency departments of King Fahad Hospital in Hofuf, Almoosa Hospital in Hofuf, King Fahad Hospital in Dammam, King Fahad Hospital in Madina, King Faisal Hospital in Alahsa, King Faisal Specialist Hospital in Riyadh, and King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah. The age of the patients was predominantly within the range of 18–24 years, constituting 58.5% of the total sample. Data were collected through standardized questionnaires and analyzed using Chi-square tests and descriptive statistics.

Results:

Falls were the predominant cause of TBIs, accounting for 69.8% of cases. No significant correlation was found between age and TBI severity (P = 0.072). However, the cause of TBI significantly influenced clinical outcomes (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

While age did not significantly impact the severity of TBIs, the cause of the injury played a critical role in clinical outcomes. These findings provide a foundation for targeted preventive measures and interventions.
Frequency and risk factors of congestive heart failure in hemodialysis patients in Assiut University Hospital
Authors: Hamad Dina A. , Abdelhameid Marwa A. , El Maksoud Esraa G.A. , Hamid Mohamed A.S.
Published: October 2024

Background

Cardiac failure is a leading cause of death for patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of congestive heart failure (HF) in ESRD patients and evaluate its main risk factors. This data will help to provide better care to our patients and improve the outcome.

Patients and methods

A descriptive observational study was carried out on 290 individuals with ESRD who were on regular hemodialysis. The patients were categorized into two groups based on cardiac failure. The first group consisted of individuals diagnosed with HF, whereas the second group included people who showed no signs of HF.

Results

Logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking, hemoglobin level, ultrafiltration rate, ischemic heart disease, and ejection fraction were considered independent predictors for HF ESRD patients.

Conclusion

Congestive HF is prevalent among people undergoing hemodialysis. The main reasons for this high occurrence included the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension, along with complications of renal failure such as anemia.