bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Global Gridded Sea Surface Temperature Data Product
Based on Multisource Data
Authors: Cao Mengmeng , Mao Kebiao , Yan Yibo , Shi Jiancheng , Wang Han , Xu Tongren , Fang Shu , Yuan Zijin
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Sea surface temperature (SST) is an important geophysical parameter that is essential for studying global climate change. Although sea surface temperature can currently be obtained through a variety of sensors (MODIS, AVHRR, AMSR-E, AMSR2, Windsat, in situ sensors), the temperature values obtained by different sensors come from different ocean depths and different observation times, so different temperature products lack consistency. In addition, different thermal infrared temperature products have many invalid values due to the influence of clouds, and passive microwave temperature products have very low resolutions. These factors greatly limit the applications of ocean temperature products in practice. To overcome these shortcomings, this paper first took MODIS SST products as a reference benchmark and constructed a temperature depth and observation time correction model to correct the influences of the different sampling depths and observation times obtained by different sensors. Then, we built a reconstructed spatial model to overcome the effects of clouds, rainfall and land interference that makes full use of the complementarities and advantages of SST data from different sensors. We applied these two models to generate a unique global 0.041° gridded monthly SST product covering the years 2002–2019. In this dataset, approximately 25 % of the invalid pixels in the original MODIS monthly images were effectively removed, and the accuracies of these reconstructed pixels were improved by more than 0.65 °C compared to the accuracies of the original pixels. The accuracy assessments indicate that the reconstructed dataset exhibits significant improvements and can be used for mesoscale ocean phenomenon analyses. The product will be of great use in research related to global change, disaster prevention and mitigation and is available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4419804 (Cao et al., 2021).
El nacimiento del Trabajo Social Ibérico:
Authors: Morán Carrillo Jose María , Marques Eduardo , Flores Sánchez Manuel
Published: January 2021

El artículo tiene por objeto analizar el surgimiento y la maduración del Trabajo Social/Serviço Social en España y Portugal mediante un análisis histórico comparado. Para logar el objetivo se definen los hitos político-administrativos e institucional-académicos de cada país, desde su nacimiento  hasta su consolidación. La investigación redunda en los elementos de naturaleza ideológica y formativa. Expuestos los datos, que se hacen explícitos mediante cuadros comparativos para establecer simetrías y diferencias entre uno y otro. Se concluye afirmando que el Trabajo Social peninsular se define por lo que se comparte más que por lo que le separa. Sus elementos identificadores básicos son: un acceso tardío a las políticas keynesianas, una experiencia limitante de la dictadura y el logro de la democracia parlamentaria mediante transiciones no cruentas.
Cebolla Buena, Óscar (2020. El arte del Trabajo Social. Una iconografía de Óscar Cebolla
Authors: Muriel Sáiz Mercedes
Published: January 2021

Cebolla Buena, Óscar (2020. El arte del Trabajo Social. Una iconografía de Óscar Cebolla
REVIEW ON ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Authors:   Neurology Clinic, Medical Institute-Ministry of Interior, Sofia, Bulgaria., Todorov Ivan , Kostov Kosta ,   Neurology Clinic, Medical Institute-Ministry of Interior, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, with the constant enhancement of the longevity of the human population, the spreading of dementia is in steady rising. Among the many different sources of progressive cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease plays a major role being the most common reason for mental decline in the elderly population. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system that leads to progressive cognitive impairment and has severe health, social and economic tolls. The lack of effective treatment and the problems of the daily living that the disease creates for the patients and their families raises many important issues in modern times. Due to the effect on the individuals and the need for a permanent caregiver, it is of high importance to have accessible tools for early diagnostic and assessment of the ongoing treatment. Electroencephalography is a noninvasive, easily reproductive diagnostic method with low cost that can be performed in different stages of the diseases of the central nervous system and give input on the current condition. This review presents the current achievements in the field of the usage of electroencephalography and its specific findings in patients with Alzheimer's disease and the qualitative and quantitative changes that appears and are important for early diagnosis, differential diagnostic, prediction of acceleration of the pathological process, distinguishing of co-existing conditions and follow-up of the effect of the administered treatment.
Marvel, Star Wars and the Risk of Being a Hero: Social Responsibilities for Transmedia Storytellers in the Age of Collective Journey
Authors: Webster Luke
Published: January 2021

In 2018, James Gunn and Chuck Wendig both lost lucrative jobs as storytellers for the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) and Star Wars, respectively, as a result of their aggressively political social media communications. This paper argues that these events can be understood in part by Gunn and Wendig’s social media profiles being blurred with their role as custodians for their respective franchises, and their interactions being out of sync with the aspirational themes associated with the MCU and Star Wars storyworlds. Compounding this issue is the significant structural evolution that modern, popular and commercial stories are undergoing, towards a collective journey model. Collective journey stories are an evolved version of traditional hero’s journey tales, and showcase the importance of listening and negotiating to drive systemic, collective action. Such stories have increased capacity to improve the civic imagination and provide symbols that individuals can draw from to manifest meaningful change. The appearance of these stories in popular commercial entertainment is a reflection of our increasingly digital lives and heightened connectivity, as well as a by-product of our increasing tendency to transmedially tell stories. The professional troubles Gunn and Wendig encountered are a result of them contrasting this storytelling modality, and can be understood in the context of a semiotic cultural shift, as we collectively come to better understand the impact of the Internet and our participatory digital culture.
‘Drinking and Dropping’: On Interacting with Plastic Pollution and Waste in South-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Henderson Lesley , Dumbili Emeka
Published: January 2021

Nigeria is reported as having released up to 0.34 million tonnes of plastic debris into the ocean in 2010 and ranked as the ninth country in the world for pollution of the marine environment. It is a postcolonial, oil rich country where plastic is cheap and widely available. Currently there is no government policy regulating single-use plastic products. Previous studies have identified university student residential areas as ‘hot spots’ for plastic waste. We used qualitative methods (focus groups and semi-structured interviews) to explore how students made sense of their single use plastics consumption (including ‘pure water’ plastic sachets) and analysed how young Nigerians interact with plastic waste. Students perceived plastic waste as malodorous, causing harm to human health and blighting environmental aesthetics. Students saw themselves as the cause of plastic pollution (as consumers) whereas plastic industries were framed positively as producers bringing progress and prosperity. Participants were open about their indiscriminate littering practices subverting other study findings where responsibility tends to be deflected (to policy makers, producers). While we are relying on self-reported behaviour, we found no obvious link between awareness of environmental harm caused by plastic pollution and students’ actions. Within this peer group of young Nigerians, it was not considered ‘normal’ or ‘cool’ socially to use waste bins or recycle. We suggest that further research is needed into how plastic pollution is made sense of in terms of individual responsibility; lay understandings of miasmas; perceptions of public/private spaces and plastics as a signifier of modernity; and enhanced social status.
Nutritional indicators among patients with liver transplantation: A cross sectional study
Authors: Ibrahim Ateya Megahed , Qalawa Shereen Ahmed  A.
Published: January 2021

Background and objective: The trouble of nutritional state is considered as a prophet of morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced liver disease. The severity of nutritional disorder increases with diminished liver function. The aim of this study was to explore the nutritional indicators among patients with liver transplantation patients in Egypt.Methods: Outlined is a descriptive cross-sectional research design using a convenience sampling of 210 patients following liver transplantation from the outpatient of transplantation centre the Mansura university Hospital, Wady el-Nile Hospital, International Military Medical centre, Almady Military Hospital. Data were collected using an adapted four parts tool that gathered sociodemographic data of patients; data about patient dietary habits and dietary balance and an assessment of patients physical and anthropometric measurements as nutritional predictor’s.Results: There is a highly significant relation between nutritional status, gender and sociodemographic characteristics among patients with liver transplantation. As well, educational levels and occupation point to difference between physical and nutritional indicators parameter and sociodemographic characteristics. As well, high body mass indicators (BMI) vary between physical and nutritional indicator parameters.Conclusions: There are noticeable needs for instructional schemes to be offered on simple media to increase awareness of patient’s nutritional requirements post transplantation. Implications for Nursing and Health policy: There is a growing demand for strategies and programs that take into consideration all the needs of liver transplantation patients. Efforts should be carried out to design and implement interventions that suit the patients following liver transplantation using simple media and suitable language.
Local anesthesia before intravenous cannula insertion: Recommendations for registered nurses in practice
Authors: Campbell-Jones Vera
Published: January 2021

Objective: The purposes of this project were to educate registered nurses of the intradermal, pretreatment procedure; provide education on the hospital’s current IV therapy pretreatment policy; and increase the usage of intradermal, local anesthesia for cannulation for adult patients’ comfort level.Methods: A mixed method of nonexperimental descriptive pre- and post-survey was used. The data was collected from 48 registered nurses’ pre- and post-surveys indicating descriptive analysis. The descriptive analysis identified barriers as to why registered nurses were not using pretreatment prior to IV insertion.  Results: The results revealed the majority of the participants (83%) were not aware of the hospital’s IV pretreatment policy of intradermal anesthesia with Lidocaine before IV insertion prior to the DNP project. Evidence indicated inconsistency in the use of pain management strategies during these procedures. The conclusions of this project provided an important overview of the barriers to change in clinical practice for registered nurses with IV skills.Conclusions: An improvement project educational program, such as an educational video on how to preform intradermal pretreatment to an IV site prior to IV insertion and utilization of a manikin IV arm for simulation practice, was developed and recommended to a nursing IV therapy practice for registered nurses. Local anesthetic, such as intradermal, should become standard practice for registered nurses regarding pretreatment for pain control prior to intravenous insertion.
Unveiling the Scoring Validity of Two Chinese Automated Writing Evaluation Systems: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Wang Jian , Bai Lifang
Published: January 2021

Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) has been a burgeoning industry in China, one case in point being the extensive employment of Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) systems in college English writing instruction to reduce teachers’ workload. Nonetheless, what warrants a special mention is that most teachers include automatic scores in the formative evaluation of relevant courses with scant attention to the scoring efficacy of these systems (Bai & Wang, 2018; Wang & Zhang, 2020). To have a clearer picture of the scoring validity of two commercially available Chinese AWE systems (Pigai and iWrite), the present study sampled 486 timed CET-4 (College English Test Band-4) essays produced by second-year non-English majors from 8 intact classes. Data comprising the maximum score difference, agreement rate, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Cohen’s Kappa were collected to showcase human-machine and machine-machine congruence. Quantitative linguistic features of the sample essays, including accuracy, lexical and syntactic complexity, and discourse features, were also gleaned to investigate the differences (or similarities) in construct representation valued by both systems and human raters. Results show that (1) Pigai and iWrite largely agreed with each other but differed a lot from human raters in essay scoring; (2) high-human-score essays were prone to be assigned low machine scores; (3) machines relied heavily on the quantifiable features, which, however, had limited impacts on human raters.
Child Protection in Canada and England: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Ivan Gabriela
Published: January 2021

At a time when the Canadian child welfare is at a crossroads and strives for a direction that leads to better outcomes and engagement with the families and service providers, placing the Canadian child’s welfare in the international context of child protection is essential for improving the system and learning from others.

This phenomenological research endeavours to compare the child protection systems of Canada and England from the legislation perspective, with the focus on the definitions of child abuse and neglect, in order to identify some of their similarities and differences and capture some aspects of the child protection workers’ experience with the legislation and with these definitions. Furthermore, this explorative paper examines the implication of the legislation and the definitions of child abuse and neglect on the day-to-day work of the child protection workers who have experience in working in both countries – Canada and England – and identifies some of the similarities and differences of the two child protection systems.

The child-protection system in Canada and England has undergone many changes over the years to ensure the safety and wellbeing of all children, but the direct implications of these changes on the child-protection workers and their day-to-day work is little known and understood. While in England the child protection legislation is consistent along the country, in Canada each province/territory has its own legislation in child protection, and therefore each of them has policy manuals, guides and protocols providing working definitions of abuse and criteria used in making determinations of abuse.

The legislation and policy in child protection act as essential tools in the interventions with the main focus to keep children safe. In order to ensure that the children have the right to live a life free from any form of maltreatment, most countries have developed their own child-protection system, which is highly influenced by the cultural and socio-economic context of that specific country, as well as by the needs of its various communities.
Attitudes of Students and Faculty Members at Israa University towards Distance Learning in Light of the Corona Pandemic
Authors: Al-Yamani Abdul Raouf Hamid , Jabali Safia Mahmoud
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to identify students' attitudes and faculty members at Israa University towards distance learning in light of the Corona pandemic. A questionnaire was developed that included two pictures (student photo/faculty member photo). Each image in the questionnaire consisted of (30) items distributed into three areas: Learning and teaching, assessment and testing, and learning and communication management, where acceptable coefficients of validity and reliability were achieved for the two questionnaire images, and applying them to an available sample of Al-Isra University students and faculty members, consisted of (365) male and female students, and (119) faculty members during the first semester of the academic year (2020-2021 AD). The study results revealed that the attitudes of students and faculty members at Israa University towards distance learning in light of the Corona pandemic came at a medium level. The presence of statistical differences in students' attitudes at Israa University towards distance learning due to the gender variable and the differences were in favor of males. There were no statistically significant differences in Al Isra University students' attitudes towards distance learning due to the vari of college. The variablee results also revealed no statistically significant differences in the faculty members' attitudes at Al-Isra University towards distance learning due to the variable of academic rank. In light of the study results, the researchers recommended developing the values of self-awareness and twenty-first-century skills such as self and continuous learning, and interest in developing distance learning applications and platforms, and conducting future studies on distance learning and the effectiveness of educational platforms and electronic applications in light of various variables.
Evaluación humana de traducción automática neuronal e informe de progreso anual: estudio de caso del castellano al coreano
Authors: Kim Ahrii , Colominas Ventura Carme
Published: January 2021

Este artículo propone la primera evaluación de traducción automática neuronal en la combinación lingüística español-coreano. Se han utilizado cuatro métodos de evaluación humana: la evaluación directa, la comparación mediante ranking y el análisis de tiempo y de esfuerzo de la posedición del texto traducido automáticamente (en inglés, MTPE), y un método de evaluación semiautomática. El motor de traducción automática neuronal utilizado ha sido Google Translate, en concreto el dominio de noticias. Después de ser evaluado por seis traductores profesionales se constata que el motor aumenta el rendimiento en un 78% y la productividad en un 37%. Además, el 40,249% de los resultados del motor se modifican con un intervalo de 15 meses, mostrando así un índice de mejora del 11%.
Long term effect of Step Aerobics Training on skin temperature. A pilot study
Authors: Zuzda J.G. , Sillero-Quintana M. , Dziura J. , Latosiewicz R. , Tungthongchai O. , Rosenberg E.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a Step Aerobics Training (SAT) on the skin temperature (Tsk) in different regions (ROI) of the anterior body surface. The study included 15 healthy volunteers of the Bialystok University of Technology (BUT) without any previous experience in SAT training. Two sets of thermograms were recorded before and immediately after exercise at the first and last sessions of a 30-weeks SAT program with a progressive intensity.
The results indicate a generalized drop in body temperature immediately after exercise with ΔTsk values of -2.45ºC registered immediately after the first training and lower drops (ΔTsk = -1.69ºC) after the 30 weeks of SAT. The regions with lower values of post- vs pre-exercise Tsk were the thighs both in the first session and in the last session of the 30-weeks SAT program. The results show non-significant variations for asymmetries between the values of the contralateral ROIs in every moment of the data collection.
We concluded that a 30-week SAT program resulted in significant drop of mean Tsk of evaluated body parts (ROI), being the thermal effects related with the areas more activated in the sport practice. From the thermal asymmetries perspective, the training program carried out did not generate any injury risk for the participants.
Anorexia nervosa: A literature review
Authors: Iliadis Ch. , Frantzana A. , Ouzounakis P. , Kourkouta L.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa is a food intake disorder characterized by acute weight loss that it could cause severe psychosomatic problems.
Purpose: To present the data and information as well as the treatment related to Anorexia nervosa.
Materials and methods: The study material consisted of reviewed articles on the topic found in Greek and globally accepted electronic databases, Pubmed, Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar, regarding the effects of Anorexia nervosa on health and its treatment.
Results: Initial symptoms of Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa may be characterised by body-related negative interpretation bias, distorted body image and pronounced body dissatisfaction. Anorexic patients refuse to eat with their family or in public places. They lose weight by drastically reducing their total food intake, with a disproportionate reduction in the amount of meals containing carbohydrates and fats. The term Anorexia is unfortunate, because a decrease in appetite does not occur. Patients are constantly hungry and they are constantly thinking about food, but they refuse it. An indication of their way of thinking is that they often collect recipes or prepare complex meals for others.
Conclusions: Anorexia nervosa is a disease that connects the physical with the mental dimension of health. A person's disharmonious relationship with oneself, which may have its roots in a dysfunctional family context or in a demanding and competitive social environment, finds the way to be manifested through the individual's reflection on food.
Current view on treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescents
Authors: Cholewa K. , Wysokińska O. , Zaremba B. , Siwek M. , Jańczyk M. , Łopuszańska U.
Published: January 2021

Diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescent patients may be problematic, because of the broad spectrum of symptoms. Population research display heritable character. The function of dopaminergic, adrenergic, and serotoninergic systems is disordered in different ways in patients, who suffer from this disease. Purpose: The aim of this article is to show the actual view on the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in teenage patients.. Results: In the treatment of ADHD the most important thing is pedagogical therapy as well as cooperation of parents and medical crew. In some particular cases pharmacologic treatment should also be included in therapeutic process, which is described in this review. Methylphenidate is the most frequent drug used in the treatment and that is why we focused on the complex description of the substance. Conclusions: Teachers and the school responsible for teaching these children must adapt didactic methods to the severity of the disorder. It is valuable to conduct the drug in the therapy of teenagers whose parents ready to cooperate, always with psychiatric supervision. In the process of pharmacotherapy, it is crucial to include breaks, for example during vacations. Psychostimulants are highly addictive substances, which is why many researchers are uncertain about the routine prescription of methylphenidate.
Non Detection of HIV-1 Proviral DNA in PBMCs of the Neonates Born to Iranian HIV-Infected Mothers in PMTCT Program
Authors: Habib Zahra , Bokharaei-Salim Farah , Kiani Seyed Jalal , Garshasbi Saba , Kalantari Saeed , Khanaliha Khadijeh , Taghinezhad-S Sedigheh , Monavari Seyed Hamidreza , Ataei Pirkooh Angila , Esghaei Maryam
Published: January 2021

Background: Early diagnosis of immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in children and access to treatment for this infection is critical in decreasing infant mortality. Objectives: The aim of the current survey was to determine the presence of HIV-1 genomic RNA in plasma and proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) specimens of neonates born to HIV-infected mothers. Methods: From March 2014 to February 2018, 73 neonates born to HIV-1-infected mothers covered by the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program were enrolled in this study to compare two different diagnostic methods. After the extraction of viral RNA of plasma and genomic DNA of PBMC specimens, HIV-1 RNA and proviral DNA was tested by amplification of the long terminal repeat (LTR) region of HIV-1 using real-time PCR. Results: Out of 73 evaluated infants, 41 infants (56.2%) were male. The average age of the mothers with HIV-1 infection was 30.7 ± 5.2 (range: 19–47) years. The results revealed that none of the infants were infected with HIV-1, and also all were negative for HIV-1 genomic RNA in plasma specimen and proviral DNA of HIV-1 in PMBC samples. During the present study, 20 infants born to HIV-1 positive mothers who were not included in the PMTCT project were accidentally identified. Four infants (20%) out of these 20 infants were infected with HIV, all were infected with CRF35-AD of HIV, and none carried variants with surveillance drug-resistant mutations. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that two molecular methods of detecting HIV infection (presence of genomic RNA of HIV-1 in plasma and proviral DNA of HIV-1 in PBMC specimens) are completely in agreement with each other, and the PMTCT program is possibly an effective program.
Desafios e perspectivas das questões ambientais na Escola Municipal Almirante Ernesto de Mourão Sá no município de Salvador-BA
Authors: Lima José Carlos , Peres Marcelo Cesar , Benatti Katia Regina
Published: January 2021

A еduсаçãо аmbіеntаl é considerada uma abordagem para a concretização, nо âmbіtо еmрírісо, dо Eѕtаdо de Dіrеіtо Ambіеntаl, afinal, сіdаdãоѕ com acesso à іnfоrmаçãо têm melhores соndіçõеѕ dе atuar ѕоbrе a ѕосіеdаdе,  dе articular suas іdеіаѕ e dе agir frеntе àѕ саuѕаѕ dе ѕеu interesse. Dentro desse contexto este trabalho teve como principal objetivo demоnѕtrаr соmо аѕ questões ambіеntаіѕ роdеm ѕеr uma excelente fеrrаmеntа реdаgógіса para educação сrítіса no ensino fundаmеntаl. A presente pesquisa tem como linha metodológica a investigação qualitativa, pois enfatiza a descrição, a indução, a teoria fundamentada e o estudo das percepções pessoais. A Escola Municipal Almirante Ernesto de Mourão Sá faz parte da rede pública, sendo possível contar com seu espaço para a realização da pesquisa, além de sua localização próxima a área de estudo, é uma das escolas onde o programa “Escola da Família” atua o que permitiu a adesão dos alunos deste programa ao projeto. Verificou-se que as concepções produzidas na escola analisada focalizam, prioritariamente, os decorrentes problemas ambientais mais estreitamente integrados a uma vertente do ambiente local, pautadas nas temáticas tradicionais como os ruídos, resíduos, o desmatamento e a poluição do ar e das águas, muito embora não se separe da efetivação de ações comprometidas com as mudanças ambientais e sociais mais abrangentes.
Parameters of spatial comfort in architecture
Authors: Alfirević Đorđe , Simonović-Alfirević Sanja
Published: January 2021

The perception of reality is experienced through the senses, where each sense contributes to the way we form our picture of the feeling of comfort. When it comes to the perception of space and spatiality, the most dominant are visual and tactile influences, providing the information that outbalance other senses. A widely accepted opinion in science is that there are several main categories of comfort - visual, thermic, auditory, olfactory and hygienic. In contrast to previously mentioned terms, spatial comfort has not been clearly defined, even though it is one of the key terms when discussing human needs and functionality of space in architecture. Along with being widely used in practice and the fact that a clear scientific determination of this term is still lacking, its use is understood as the equivalent of comfort of a certain space. Our paper analyzed and systematized most significant parameters that can be applied to enable achievement of spatial comfort, which does not necessarily mean that such a spatial comfort will in fact be achieved, as this depends largely on individual perception of a space user. Aiming to clarify the term spatial comfort and determine its precise definition, the main contribution of this paper is the analysis of parameters that can contribute to spatial comfort, as well as reexamination of the thesis that spatial comfort includes the feeling of coziness and content resulting from physical, visual and tactile qualities of a certain space.
Gaston Bachelard's poetics of space: Inverse dreambook for interpretation of thinking by means of building
Authors: Raičević Andrea , Stevanović Vladimir
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to examine the philosophical work of the French epistemologist and phenomenologist - Gaston Bachelard, by transferring its interpretation from the general into a specific field of architecture. The Poetics of Space (La Poétique de l'Espace), as a Bachelard's work that enjoys even today the most comprehensive reception among the architects and theorists of architecture, shall be taken as a starting point of our analysis. Intending not to limit itself to the considerations which encompass only texts that are strictly thematically or problematically dealing with architecture, this paper aims to position and contextualise Bashlar's philosophical thought within the phenomenological reflections that found their applications in the theory of architecture. In this sence, we shall provide an insight into the duality of relations between the Bachelard's concept of poetic image (l'image poétique) and a poetic object/motif, which, in our case, referes to the inherent elements of an architectural object intended for dwelling. Therefore, in addition to the material and geometric, we shall try to apprehend and explain the experiential manner of spatial perception, and single out the echoes of Bashlar's philosophical thought, which carry within themselves a potential to distort architectural thinking. The results of research shall indirectly demonstrate two possible ways of interpreting the Bachelard's work: 1) the analogous application and appropriation of interpretations of Bachelard's text as a reversed manualdreambook for provoking and inscribing the desired experience in the architectural space, and 2) the application of the mechanisms of phenomenological analysis itself, directed towards the interest in the process of creating a poetic image, as guidelines for the actualisation of an architectural object in its specific reality, through the work on its poeticity.
Creative clusters: Typology, characteristics, financial models and success factors
Authors: Varbanova Lidija
Published: January 2021

The global pandemic is changing the world in significantly high speed and in many dimensions-economic, social, cultural, digital. Covid-19 certainly had a negative effect on all sectors requiring traveling and physical presence, including many arts and culture events and organisations, as well as sectors that are complementary to the culture and creative industries value chain. Despite, the global pandemic opened up new opportunities of living more among our communities, consuming more local products, reorganising our life to be more resilient, catalyzing both business and social innovations, using much more digital and online tools, including also for further increase of cultural participation and democratisation of the arts. In the last few months we have received plenty of evidences worldwide that culture does contribute to the economic and social vitality of cities across the world. This paper aims to identify the essence and key characteristics of "creative clusters" (CCs) and to offer a typology of their diverse forms of existence. It also summarises key business models and sources of external financial support for development of CCs. Finally, the paper draws key success factors for their development. The research for elaboration of this paper was done during 3-months long period (April-June 2020) in collaboration with Nikoloz Nadirashvili and Creative Georgia, within the framework of the Project - "Designing a Creative Cluster Ecosystem in Georgia" under the support of UNESCO and the European Commission. The research methods used for elaboration of this paper are: desk research of documents and publications, mapping and analysis of diverse cases and targeted in depth interviews with professionals and managers running creative clusters.
Universidad Iberoamérica 2030:la propuesta de la OEI para la educación superior en Iberoamérica
Authors: Capilla Casco Ana
Published: January 2021

Higher education is one of the top priority OEI’s lines of action, according to the mandate granted by the Iberoamerican Education ministers to the organization. This is explained by the increasing number of university students and the fact higher education is key to overcome the “productivity trap” the Latin American countries suffered specially. And the every time more pressing need of achieving a long time desired aim: to build an Iberoamerican area of higher education and research. All these elements are integrated in the strategy University Iberoamerica 2030 planned by the OEI for the next decade, and which mark a clear path for the higher education institutes
EPISTOLARIO Margarita XIRGU / Manuel AZNAR SOLER y Francesc FOGUET I BOREU (eds.) (Sevilla: Renacimiento, 2019, 556 págs.)
Authors: PRIETO NADAL Ana
Published: January 2021

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Género y memoria: El álbum familiar como huella autobiográfica
Authors: Arrebola-Parras Simón
Published: January 2021

En el presente artículo quisiéramos mostrar como la memoria, en cualquiera de sus variedades, forma una parte imprescindible de los discursos y la práctica artística actual. Para ello, nos centraremos en la importancia de la narración autobiográfica y su manifestación a partir de las obras de artistas que trabajan en torno al álbum familiar. Analizaremos como este tipo de archivo fotográfico se ha utilizado y reconfigurado por artistas que han querido manifestar sus propias experiencias desde una perspectiva de género. La memoria personal interactúa con narrativas que atañen a la memoria colectiva, donde los relatos hegemónicos que nos han llegado han tratado de silenciar estas historias. Sin embargo, el arte ha dado voz a temáticas como el cuerpo y la sexualidad femenina, experiencias derivadas de enfermedades como el  cáncer o traumas sufridos por familiares de dictaduras de ciertas sociedades contemporáneas y que han dado lugar a la aplicación de conceptos como el de postmemoria.

On this paper we would like to show how memory, in any of its varieties, forms an essential part of current artistic discourse and practice. For this, we will focus on the importance of autobiographical narration and its manifestation from the works of artists who work around the family album. We will analyze how this type of photographic archive has been used and reconfigured by artists who have wanted to express their own experiences from a gender perspective. Personal memory interacts with narratives that concern collective memory, where the hegemonic stories that have come down to us have tried to silence these stories. However, art has given voice to themes such as the body and female sexuality, experiences derived from diseases such as cancer or trauma suffered by relatives of dictatorships in certain contemporary societies and which have led to the application of concepts such as postmemory.
Entre la reiteración y la producción performática. Dos modelos de producción cultural para un nuevo giro performativo
Authors: Melgares Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se analizan nuevos modelos de producción cultural relacionados con la adaptación de las artes vivas al museo. Centrándonos en el estudio de dos grandes exposiciones retrospectivas dedicadas al trabajo de Marina Abramović y de Tino Sehgal, tratamos de identificar el desarrollo de estrategias de reiteración performativa, mecanismos de exposición de archivos inmateriales, así como nuevos modelos productivos como son la producción de co-presencia y laproducción de intersubjetividad. Si en la segunda mitad del siglo XX el performance surgió como una herramienta subversiva con la que cuestionar el mercado y las instituciones culturales, la absorción y transformación de los performances en un nuevo producto de consumo cultural genera una serie de contradicciones, ya que la segunda oleada del performance —denominado como nuevo giro performativo— ha estado coordinada desde las mismas organizaciones museísticas que los artistas del performance trataron de cuestionar. Los contenedores expositivos se han convertido en puntos de encuentro entre obras vivientes y un público ávido de experiencias directas, donde creadores provenientes de otras disciplinas nutren y expanden los límites de las galerías, reemplazando con cuerpos vivos a los objetos artísticos.

This article analyses new models of cultural production rooted in the adaptation of live arts within museum contexts. Focusing on the study of the great retrospective exhibitions of Marina Abramović and Tino Sehgal, we try to identify the development of performative reiteration strategies, exposure mechanisms of these immaterial archives, as well as new productive models such as the production of co-presence and the production of intersubjectivity. If in the second half of the 20th century, performance emerged as a subversive tool through which to question the market and cultural institutions, the absorption and transformation of performances into a new product of cultural consumption generates a series of contradictions affecting its essence, especially since this second performance wave —named as a new performative turn— is driven by the same museums and cultural institutions that performance artist once tried to question. The exhibition containers have become meeting points between artists and an audience eager for direct experiences, where creators from other disciplines nurture and expand the galleries boundaries, replacing artefacts for living bodies.
Estética y política de la ocupación del espacio público. Una propuesta de análisis
Authors: Cabrera-Amador Raúl Eduardo , Vizcaino-Torres Alicia María , Cano-Brouté Manuella
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo es una propuesta metodológica que surge de la pregunta por la relación entre estética y política. En donde la estética se deslinda de su común asociación a lo bello y se piensa más bien en relación al espacio público y a las expresiones artísticas que ponen en juego modos de confrontación política.Se propone un análisis para explorar estas expresiones que no trata de un modelo riguroso, sino de herramientas conceptuales y metodológicas que sirvan para el investigador.

The present article is a methodological proposal that arises from the question about the relationship between aestheticsand politics. Where aesthetics is related to the public space and to artistic expressions that bring into play modes of political confrontation, rather than to the beauty of things. Throughout the essay, an analysis is proposed in order to explore these expressions. It is not meant to be a rigorous model but should rather work as a series of conceptual and methodological tools to serve the researcher interested in the field of art and politics.
La historia fragmentada de los monumentos públicos: el proceso de identificación y su significado en la actualidad
Authors: Gas Barrachina Silvia
Published: January 2021

Los monumentos públicos ampararon la construcción del Estado Liberal en su cometido de modelar las nuevas ciudades como símbolos del progreso cultural. Mediante una memoria selectiva se reconstruyó una historia única y universal impuesta a la colectividad a través de la exaltación de prohombres e hitos históricos con el fin de configurar una identidad nacional compartida. Los grupos marginales, entre ellos las mujeres, permanecieron excluidos de este proyecto identitario. En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados de un estudio comparativo entre dos ciudades europeas, Madrid-Estocolmo, con el objetivo de verificar que discurso identitario se constituye mediante las esculturas públicas. Para tal fin, se hizo uso de una metodología feminista en la cual el género fue empleado como categoría de análisis permitiendo explicar cómo las sociedades determinan los roles sociales de acción de forma diferenciada. Los resultados obtenidos tras el análisis plantearon una reflexión efectuada desde un marco interseccional, acerca del vínculo entre el contexto del espacio público actual y la significación de las esculturas conmemorativas en el proceso de identificación.

The public monuments protected the construction of the Liberal State in its mission to model the new cities as symbols of cultural progress. Through selective memory, a unique and universal history imposed on the community was reconstructed through the exaltation of great men and historical milestones in order to configure a shared national identity. Marginal groups, including women, remained excluded from this identity project. The present work shows the results of a comparative study between two European cities, Madrid-Stockholm, with the aim of verifying that identity discourse is constituted by public sculptures. For this purpose, gender was used as a category of analysis allowing to explain how societies determine social roles of action in a different way. The results obtained after the analysis raised questions about the link between the context of current public space and the function of commemorative sculptures.
Documentación escrita y fotográfica parametrizada del Monumento a Francisco de Paula Valladar (Granada) como útil para su valoración, difusión y conservación
Authors: Bellido-Márquez María del Carmen
Published: January 2021

Esta investigación define las características del Monumento a Francisco de Paula Valladar y Serrano (Granada). Su objetivo es documentar la escultura y para ello es preciso datar su ubicación geográfica, obtener su descripción, medidas y materiales de construcción, analizar su contexto histórico-cultural, concretar su lectura, considerar su valor patrimonial y exponer su estado de conservación. La metodología utilizada es teórica documental y de práctica fotográfica parametrizada, geolocalizadora y de orientación espacial. Las conclusiones obtenidas determinan que esta escultura monumental está ubicada en los Jardines del Genil (Granada), su acceso es por el paseo de la Bomba, su localización presenta una Latitud de 37º16´78.31´´ N y una Longitud de 3º59´98.45´´ E, su orientación frontal es NE-SO, sus medidas totales son de 232 x 76 x 76 cm. Se trata de una obra formada por peana pétrea -con alegorías femeninas y textos- y busto masculino de bronce patinado, su estilo es figurativo, su valor histórico es considerable, su lectura es conmemorativa y de homenaje, su contexto histórico de creación es culturalmente importante, su estado de conservación es medio y necesita restauración. La difusión de esta información contribuye a actualizar la memoria del patrimonio artístico de la ciudad.

This research defines the characteristics of the Monument to Francisco de Paula Valladar y Serrano (Granada). Its objective is to document the sculpture and for this it is necessary to date its geographical location, obtain its description, measurements and construction materials, analyze its historical-cultural context, specify its reading, consider its heritage value and expose its state of conservation. The methodology used is documentary theory and parametric photographic practice, geolocation and spatial orientation. The conclusions obtained determine that this monumental sculpture is located in the Jardines del Genil (Granada), its access is through the Paseo de la Bomba, its location has a Latitude of 37º16´78.31´´ N and a Longitude of 3º59´98.45´´ E, its frontal orientation is NE-SO, its total measurements are 232 x 76 x 76 cm. It is a work formed by a stone base - with feminine allegories and texts - and a patinated bronze male bust, its style is figurative, its historical value is considerable, its reading is commemorative and tribute, its historical context of creation is culturally important, its state of conservation is medium and needs restoration. The dissemination of this information contributes to updating the memory of the city’s artistic heritage.
UNA APROXIMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICO-JURÍDICA AL AGROTURISMO EN ESPAÑA DESDE EL PUNTO DE VISTA DE LA OFERTA
Authors: Cors Iglesias Martí
Published: January 2021

La presente contribución pretende explorar la situación del agroturismo en España desde el punto de vista de la oferta. Tras un primer apartado teórico-conceptual sobre el agroturismo se analiza la presencia y tratamiento de dicha actividad en el marco jurídico-administrativo español y a continuación se aborda su distribución territorial. Pese a la existencia de un marco turístico favorable al agroturismo, acorde con las tendencias de la demanda turística actual y el elevado potencial turístico del territorio, el nivel de desarrollo e implantación del agroturismo en España es menor al de otros países europeos. La identificación del agroturismo y su individualización frente a otros tipos de turismo no está bien resuelta en España.

This paper seeks to explore the current state of agritourism in Spain by taking a supply-side perspective. Following on from a theoretical-conceptual analysis of agritourism, the presence of this activity within the Spanish legal-administrative framework and the provisions made for it therein are examined, and its territorial distribution within Spain is described. Despite the existence of a tourism framework that is apparently favourable to agritourism, given current trends in tourism demand and Spain’s great potential for tourism, the level of development and implementation of agritourism in Spain is not as advanced as that in other European countries. The recognition of agritourism and, consequently, the development of an identity that is distinct from that of other types of tourism have not, as yet, been adequately addressed in Spain.
ANÁLISIS DE CONTENIDO DE LAS WEBS DE LAS BODEGAS ARAGONESAS COMO HERRAMIENTA DE MARKETING
Authors: Marzo-Navarro Mercedes , Pedraja-Iglesias Marta
Published: January 2021

Las webs constituyen una herramienta para que las bodegas puedan alcanzar más fácilmente sus objetivos de negocio. Se analiza si las bodegas utilizan esta herramienta y, en caso afirmativo, se investiga el papel que desempeña en su estrategia de marketing teniendo en cuenta las orientaciones establecidas en la literatura. Se observa una alta tasa de existencia de webs, pero el análisis de contenido muestra que la orientación más básica (proporcionar información) es la predominante; seguido de la comunicación interactiva, siendo la orientación transaccional la que muestra una escasa presencia.

Websites are a tool for wineries to achieve their business objectives more easily. It is analysed whether the wineries use this tool and, if so, the role it plays in their marketing strategy is investigated, taking into account the guidelines established in the literature. There is a high rate of websites, but content analysis shows that the most basic orientation (providing information) is predominant; followed by interactive communication, with transactional orientation showing little presence.