bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The interrelationship between clinical and immunity variables in epilepsy
Authors: Kalinin Vladimir V. , Subbotin Kirill Y. , Yermakova Natalia G.
Published: January 2017

Introduction. The role of cellular immunity in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, as an interaction between immunity and clinical and neurobiological variables is not properly understood.

Aim. The aim of the current study was to investigate the possible relationship between epilepsy forms, gender, focus localization, lateralization, handedness and cellular immunity with seizures frequency, their severity and length of therapeutic remission in partial forms of epilepsy.

Material and methods. Ninety two patients (38 men and 54 women) were included in the study. Symptomatic epilepsy was diagnosed in 40 patients and the cryptogenic form was diagnosed in 52 patients. The amount of different lymphocyte clusters were evaluated and they were transformed into nominal variables for MANOVA analysis. MANOVA was used for the analysis of the interrelationship between nominal fixed factors (epilepsy forms, gender, handedness, and focus laterality, and immunity variables) and dependent variables (remission and seizure frequency and their severity).

Results. Simple partial seizure (SPS) and complex partial seizure (CPS) frequencies were under the influence of interaction between immune and neurobiological variables. SPS, and in particular sensory SPS, were associated with CD4/CD8 ratio, gender, left temporal focus and handedness. The highest frequencies of SPS were revealed in cases of low CD4/CD8 ratio combined with left temporal focus, female gender and left-handedness. The maximal CPS frequency was observed in patients with a left frontal focus combined with a high B-lymphocyte level. The more severe seizures were revealed in left-handers with low CD8 and high CD4/CD8 ratio and in frontal left focus and a high T-lymphocyte level. There was a correlation between CD4 cell level and length of remission.

Conclusion. The complex multifarious connections between neurobiological, immune and clinical variables in patients with partial forms of epilepsy really exist.
Additive interactions between retigabine and oxcarbazepine in the chimney test and the model of generalized tonic-clonic seizures in mice
Authors: Zagaja Mirosław , Miziak Barbara , Załuska Katarzyna , Marzęda Paweł , Drop Bartłomiej , Załuska-Patel Karolina , Ossowska Grażyna , Czuczwar Stanisław J. , Łuszczki Jarogniew J.
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy are usually treated with two or more antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The search for therapeutically efficacious AED combinations is still a challenging issue for clinicians and epileptologists throughout the world.

Aim. To determine the interaction profile for the combination of retigabine (RTG) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) in both, the model of tonic-clonic seizures, the maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizure model and chimney test (motor performance) in adult male albino Swiss mice.

Methods. Isobolographic analysis (type I) was applied to characterize interactions for the combination of RTG with OXC with respect to its anticonvulsant and acute side (neurotoxic) effects, as determined in the MES and chimney tests, respectively.

Results. The combination of RTG with OXC at the fixed-ratios of 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1 produced additive interactions in the MES test in mice. Similarly, the combination of RTG with OXC at the fixed-ratio of 1:1 produced additive interaction with a tendency towards sub-additivity in the chimney test in mice. Measurement of total brain concentrations of both AEDs revealed that RTG did not affect total brain concentrations of OXC and inversely, OXC had no impact on RTG’s total brain concentrations, confirming pharmacodynamic interaction between the drugs.

Conclusions. The additive pharmacodynamic interactions in both the MES and chimney tests in mice were observed for the combination of RTG with OXC.
Using Excel in Teacher Education for Sustainability
Authors: Aydın Serhat
Published: January 2017

In this study, the feasibility of using Excel software in teaching whole Basic Statistics Course and its influence on the attitudes of pre-service science teachers towards statistics were investigated. One hundred and two pre-service science teachers in their second year participated in the study. The data were collected from the prospective teachers before and after the compulsory Basic Statistics Course. This is a course offered in the third term aiming at introducing the most basic concepts and operations in descriptive and inferential statistics. In the context of this course, it could be argued that in most universities basically four concept groups are addressed: 1) Data and distributions, 2) How values cluster and/or disperse, 3) How variables move, classify or cluster jointly and 4) How the means between different groups differentiate.

The statistics course with the content mentioned above is usually handled theoretically and nearly no statistical software is used considering the needs and expectations of pre-service science teachers. In case a software is used, it is generally SPSS in Turkey. SPSS is nearly the standard in the field here and dominates all other software such as SAS etc. On the other hand, Excel with much of its capabilities, accessibility and ease of use, is not considered by most of the academics as sufficient statistical software.

In this paper the capabilities, accessibility and practicality of Excel program in teaching most basic statistics course topics to pre-service science teachers were demonstrated and its superiority to other softwares and traditional instruction were discussed. In addition, the positive effect of such an instruction on the attitudes of pre-service teachers towards statistics was shown.
Degradation of water quality: the case of plain west of Annaba (northeast Algeria)
Authors: Attoui Badra , Toumi Nabila , Messaoudi Saloua , Benrabah Samia
Published: January 2017

In the world, the water quality is undergoing deterioration due to urban and industrial wastes, and intensive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture. Unfortunately, as in most countries of the world, Algeria is experiencing a severe crisis of its environment apart from the problem of depletion of water resources. The plain west of Annaba is particularly subjected to a general industrial pollution. The pollution problem in this region has really started to become worrying not earlier than in 1980, when the economic crisis has led some industrial units to sacrifice the “Environment” criterion for the benefit of the production. We were particularly interested in this work in waters of the superficial aquifer and wadis like Boudjemaa, Bouhdid, Sidi Harb, and Forcha whose waters are most often used to irrigate the surrounding agricultural land. Comparison of analytical results from two periods – 2006–2016 for the: EC, pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, NO2 and 2006–2010 for the: Fe, Cr, Cu2+, Pb+ show a degradation of water quality in this region, which represents a very vulnerable area with a risk to pollution of groundwater.
Estimation of parametric flood hydrograph determined by means of Strupczewski method in the Vistula and Odra catchments
Authors: Gądek Wiesław , Tokarczyk Tamara , Środula Arkadiusz
Published: January 2017

While determining theoretical flood hydrographs, different methods of their construction are used depending on the needs of the problem or the scope of the project. It should be remembered that these methods differ mainly with the principle of the waveform averaging, which may be done either according to the flow or time. The hydrographs may be divided into nonparametric (determining on the basis of registered floods) and parametric (using mathematical description of the flood course). One of the analytical methods is Strupczewski method which has two parameters: responsible for the waveform and specifies the base flow, the flow above which values of hydrograph are calculated. The functional description uses the Pearson type III density distribution.

The estimation of parametric flood hydrographs determined by means of Strupczewski method was carried out in the case when a nonparametric flood hydrograph suggested by the author was replaced with a nonparametric flood hydrograph computed using so called Cracow method. There was also made an estimation of flood hydrographs computed for single real hydrographs with the highest registered discharge and for so called typical hydrographs considering the volume.

Comparative analyses were carried out for 20 gauging stations in the upper Vistula and in the middle Odra rivers catchments. The analysis revealed that hypothetical hydrographs determined using the Cracow method may be used in Strupczewski method as a nonparametric input hydrograph. Also real hydrographs meeting the criterion of a typical hydrograph due to their volume, may provide a basis for determination of a parametric flood.
An experimental study of the surface and subsurface irrigation methods with respect to soil moisture on grape yard
Authors: Kadbhane Sharad J. , Manekar Vivek L.
Published: January 2017

In this study, field experiment has been carried out on the grape yard during the summer, Rainy, and winter seasons using different irrigation methods and measuring its impact on moisture retention. Six different irrigation methods such as drip irrigation (DI), drip irrigation with plastic mulching (DIPM), drip irrigation with organic mulching (DIOM), subsurface irrigation with stone column (SISC), subsurface irrigation with mud pot (SIMP), and subsurface irrigation with plastic bottles (SIPB) are used during experimental work. CROPWAT-8.0 model (FAO) is used to find out crop water requirements. Soil moisture is measured using soil moisture sensors fixed in the depth of 30 and 60 cm at the same location. Climatic parameters are obtained from the automatic weather station which is located near the experimental field. Multifactorial statistical analysis has been carried out using recorded soil moisture and climatic data. As per experimental results and analysis, it is observed that drip irrigation with the plastic mulching method is found to be the best method of irrigation for soil moisture retention among all other methods due to its highest soil moisture retention value as 25–30%. Whereas subsurface irrigation with the plastic bottle method is found to be suitable as it retained 15–20% soil moisture and material used in this irrigation method is waste material and the cheapest one.
Challenges in modelling of water quantity and quality in two contrasting meso-scale catchments in Poland
Authors: Marcinkowski Paweł , Piniewski Mikołaj , Kardel Ignacy , Srinivasan Raghavan , Okruszko Tomasz
Published: January 2017

This study presents an application of the SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) in two meso-scale catchments in Poland (Upper Narew and Barycz), contrasting in terms of human pressures on water quantity and quality. The main objective was multi-variable and multi-site calibration and validation of the model against daily discharge, sediment and nutrient loads as well as discussion of challenges encountered in calibration phase. Multi-site calibration and validation gave varied results ranging from very good (daily discharge) to acceptable (sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus loads in most of gauges) and rather poor (individual gauges for all variables) in both catchments. The calibrated models enabled spatial quantification of water yield, sediment and nutrient loads, indicating areas of special concern in terms of pollution, as well as estimation of contribution of pollution from different sources, indicating agriculture as the most important source in both catchments. During the calibration process a number of significant issues were encountered: (i) global vs. local parametrization, (ii) simulation of different pools of water quality parameters in reservoirs and streams and (iii) underestimation of NO3-N loads in winter due to farmers practices. Discussion of these issues is hoped to aid SWAT model users in Poland in a deeper understanding of mechanisms of multi-variable and multi-site calibration.
Agro-climatic zoning in Egypt to improve irrigation water management
Authors: Noreldin Tahany , Ouda Samiha , Amer Alia
Published: January 2017

The objective of this paper was to develop agro-climatic zones in the old cultivated lands of Egypt in the Nile Delta and Valley using climate normals from 1985–2014 to facilitate better irrigation water management under water scarcity conditions. 30-year monthly climate data were collected for 17 agricultural governorates in Egypt and yearly averages and 30-year averages were calculated. BISm model was used to calculate yearly averages of potential evapotranspiration (PET) and 30-year average for each governorate. Analysis of variance was done using one factor randomize complete block design, with number of years as replicates. Furthermore, the mean, the range and R2 were calculated to test the strength of the relationship between PET and climate elements. The means of PET for each governorate was separated and ranked in ascending order using least significant difference test (LSD0.05). The results identified 7 agro-climatic zones (LSD0.05 = 0.146). These zones were: (1) Alexandria; (2) Demiatte, Kafr El-Sheikh and Dakhlia; (3) El-Behira, and El-Gharbia; (4) El-Minofia, El-Sharkia, El-Kalubia, Giza and El-Fayom; (5) Beni Sweif, El-Minia, Assuit and Sohag; (6) Qena; and (7) Aswan. Such zoning will increase the ability of the Egyptian policy makers to prepare the appropriate water management and development policies as a result of the availability of proper information on each zone aiming at efficient use of the limited water resources.
Sediment load estimation in the Mellegue catchment, Algeria
Authors: Selmi Kaouther , Khanchoul Kamel
Published: January 2017

Soil erosion by water and the impact of sediment transport on lakes and streams, can seriously degrade soil and create problems for both agricultural land and water quality. The present study has been carried out to assess suspended sediment yield in Mellegue catchment, northeast of Algeria. Regression analysis was used to establish a relationship between the instantaneous water discharge (Q) and the instantaneous suspended sediment concentration (C) based on all recorded data and seasonal ratings for the period 1970–2003. The regression technique used in this paper involved a division of data into discharge – based classes, the mean concentrations and discharges of which are used to develop power regressions, according to single and season ratings, through log-transformation. Sediment loads estimated by stratified rating curves reduced underestimations to a range from 2 to 4%. The mean annual sediment yield during the 34 years of the study period was 589.23 t·km−2·y−1. Sediment transport is dominated by fall rainstorms accounting for 41% of the annual load. The big supply of sediment during this season confirms the intense geomorphic work by fall storms caused by high intensity rainfall and low vegetation cover.
Identifying Industry-Specific Components of Product Liability Response System Using Delphi-AHP Method
Authors: Seo JunHyeok , Bae SungMin
Published: January 2017

PL (product liability) response system is an enterprise-wide system that prevents company’s financial loss due to PL-related accidents. Existing researches on PL response system are mainly focused on preventive and/or defense strategies for the companies. Also, it is obvious that each industry has their original characteristics related on PL issues. It means industry-specific characteristics should be considered to adopt PL response strategies. Thus, this paper aims to discuss industry-specific PL response system and their components. Based on prior researches, we tried to reveal the possibility of its application to manufacturing companies of existing PL response strategies using Delphi method with PL experts. Based on first round results, we tried to classify existing PL strategies of manufacturing companies into several categories. To validate our suggestion for essential components of PL response system, second round Delphi method are applied. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique will be applied to identify a prioritized list of each components and strategies. Existing PL response strategies could be categorized with six components – strategy, technology, investment, training, awareness, and organization. Among six components, Technology – it represents the technology needed for improving the safety of all products – is the most important components to prepare PL accidents. The limitation of this paper is on the size of survey and variety of examples. However, the future study will enhance the potential of the proposed method. Regardless of rich research efforts to identify PL response strategies, there is no effort to categorize these strategies and prioritized them. Well-coordinated and actionable PL response strategies and their priorities could help small-and-medium sized enterprise (SME) to develop their own PL response system with their limited resources.
Economic Statistical Design of Variable Sampling Interval X¯ $\overline X $ Control Chart Based on Surrogate Variable Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Lee Tae-Hoon , Hong Sung-Hoon , Kwon Hyuck-Moo , Lee Minkoo
Published: January 2017

In many cases, a

$\overline X $

control chart based on a performance variable is used in industrial fields. Typically, the control chart monitors the measurements of a performance variable itself. However, if the performance variable is too costly or impossible to measure, and a less expensive surrogate variable is available, the process may be more efficiently controlled using surrogate variables. In this paper, we present a model for the economic statistical design of a VSI (Variable Sampling Interval)

$\overline X $

control chart using a surrogate variable that is linearly correlated with the performance variable. We derive the total average profit model from an economic viewpoint and apply the model to a Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) nuclear fuel measurement system and derive the optimal result using genetic algorithms. Compared with the control chart based on a performance variable, the proposed model gives a larger expected net income per unit of time in the long-run if the correlation between the performance variable and the surrogate variable is relatively high. The proposed model was confined to the sample mean control chart under the assumption that a single assignable cause occurs according to the Poisson process. However, the model may also be extended to other types of control charts using a single or multiple assignable cause assumptions such as VSS (Variable Sample Size)

$\overline X $

control chart, EWMA, CUSUM charts and so on.
Methodologies of Knowledge Discovery from Data and Data Mining Methods in Mechanical Engineering
Authors: Rogalewicz Michał , Sika Robert
Published: January 2017

The paper contains a review of methodologies of a process of knowledge discovery from data and methods of data exploration (Data Mining), which are the most frequently used in mechanical engineering. The methodologies contain various scenarios of data exploring, while DM methods are used in their scope. The paper shows premises for use of DM methods in industry, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Development of methodologies of knowledge discovery from data is also presented, along with a classification of the most widespread Data Mining methods, divided by type of realized tasks. The paper is summarized by presentation of selected Data Mining applications in mechanical engineering.
Improvement of in vitro-produced bovine embryo treated with coagulansin-A under heat-stressed condition
Authors: Khan Imran , Lee Kyeong-Lim , Xu Lianguang , Mesalam Ayman , Chowdhury M M R , Joo Myeong-Don ,   Ihsan-ul-Haq, Mirza Bushra , Kong Il-Keun
Published: January 2017

Heat stress has large effects on reproduction including conception rate in cattle. In this study, we examined the effects of coagulansin-A (coa-A), a steroidal lactone, on acquired thermo tolerance duringin vitroproduction of bovine embryos. Oocytes were incubated inin vitromaturation (IVM) media with or without coa-A at two different temperatures, 40.5˚C and 42˚C, for 20 h. The treatment of coa-A significantly improved blastocyst development only at 40.5˚C (P < 0.05). Interestingly, immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that coa-A induced heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), but significantly attenuated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2). To determine the expression patterns of related genes at the transcription level, qRT-PCR was performed. Expression ofHSP70andPI3Kwas elevated, whereas expression ofNF-κB,COX2and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated in the coa-A-treated group compared with the control group. Moreover, pro-apoptotic genes were downregulated, and antiapoptic genes were upregulated in the coa-A group. We also counted the total cell number and apoptotic nuclei at the blastocyst and found that more cell numbers (143.1 ± 1.5) and less apoptotic damages (6.4 ± 0.5) in the coa-A treatment group comparing to control group (131.4 ± 2.0 and 10.8 ± 0.5), indicating the enhanced embryo quality. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the coa-A not only improved the blastocyst developmentin vitrobut also increased their resistance to heat stress condition through induction ofHSP70/PI3K.
The Accessibility for Manitobans Act: Ambitions and Achievements in Antidiscrimination and Citizen Participation
Authors: Jacobs Laverne , De Costa Britney , Cino Victoria
Published: January 2017

The Accessibility for Manitobans Act (AMA) was enacted in December, 2013. Manitoba is the second Canadian province to enact accessibility standards legislation. The first province was Ontario, which enacted the Ontarians with Disabilities Act in 2001, and, later, a more fortified and enforceable Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005. The AMA presents a strong set of philosophical and social goals. Its philosophical goals mark accessibility as a human right, and aim to improve the health, independence and well-being of persons with disabilities. The AMA’s social goals have the potential to make a positive impact on the development of equality law norms within the context of disability discrimination. Nevertheless, the AMA would be strengthened with a more robust and explicit appreciation of how disability discrimination issues are experienced. The Act should show a greater recognition of the relevance of embodied impairment to individuals with disabilities, and there should be more significant scope for the statute to address intersectionality within disability discrimination. These two challenges replicate the two principal critiques of the social model of disability –the model of disability on which the AMA is based. Finally, for the legislation to be successful, issues of compliance and enforcement that require positive uses of discretion on the part of the civil service should be addressed early on. The findings of this article may be useful for the implementation of the AMA and for the design of future accessibility legislation in Canada and elsewhere.
Understanding Community
Authors: Cobigo Virginia , Martin Lynn , Mcheimech Rawad
Published: January 2017

The term community is used extensively in the peer reviewed literature, though it is used differently by researchers across various disciplines. A better understanding of community, as an object of study, is needed to help guide policy, supports and services planning, and to build inclusive communities. This paper presents the results of a review of existing definitions published in peer-reviewed papers from various disciplines studying human behaviours and interactions. It also presents the results of focus groups with four persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities and members of their communities exploring their own definitions of community. Definitions of community extracted from the peer-reviewed literature were compared to identify common themes. Qualitative analysis revealed 13 themes, some more common than others. Focus groups transcripts were also analyzed. Themes identified in the literature review were also found in the focus groups discussion. However, a novel concept related to the notion of community as being composed of people who are unpaid to be part of this network was identified. Based on these results, a definition of community is derived to help further not only academic research in the area, but also to inform policy and practice aiming to build inclusive communities.
El proceso vocacional del estudiantado universitario en condición de logro y rezago académico: Un análisis desde el enfoque evolutivo de Donald Super
Authors: Bulgarelli-Bolaños Raquel María , Rivera-Rodríguez José Antonio , Fallas-Vargas Manuel Arturo
Published: January 2017

This article is based on an investigation whose main purpose was to analyze students’ vocational development in statuses of achievement and academic lagging in Bachelor’s Degree in Industrial Chemistry at the Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, during 2014, by implementing Donald Super’s evolutionary approach. A naturalist paradigm, a design of collective case studies of four people (two students from each academic status), four data gathering tools (in-depth interviews, semi-structured interviews, in-depth discussion meetings, and observation), and the categorical thematic analysis method were applied. It was found that there are differences in the vocational process of the four cases studied when referring to one academic status or the other, where the category of achievement is more leaning trend to a better vocational performance, even though it is not a predictor of this; while the academic lagging presents more difficulties in its different vocational stages. Therefore, it is recommended not to neglect academic, vocational and personal-social support to any of both populations, considering their particularities related to the specific vocational processes and the evaluations they carry out during the career.
La formación académica del director coral y sus herramientas para el desarrollo de coros infantiles. Situación actual en Costa Rica y España
Authors: Chaves-Cordero Carlos Fernando , Escamilla-Fonseca Catalina
Published: January 2017

This qualitative research seeks to understand the current situation of choral conducting studies in Costa Rica and Spain, emphasizing on the tools required to work with children´s choirs. The curriculum of choral conducting careers at the Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica and the Real Conservatorio Superior de Música de Madrid was studied by means of an analysis of documents and an analytic comparison with the SWOT method. The study of plans primarily focused on subjects related to pedagogy and singing as essential foundations in the specific area of children’s choirs. Additionally, an analysis of interviews to choral directors from both countries visualized the experiences of directors in their performance with children´s choirs, what skills were acquired in their undergraduate education, as well their perception of what should change or adjust in the curriculum. Significant shortcomings were perceived in teacher’s training in relation with the subjects of the career. A strengthening with more contents in teaching methodologies and pedagogical resources was suggested.
Adquisición de la lectura experta en estudiantes costarricenses mediante las estrategias pictofónicas
Authors: Carpio-Brenes María De los Ángeles
Published: January 2017

The following article describes the results of a study carried out in Costa Rica in 2011 with the objective of confirming the acquisition of reading expertise in second grade students who were taught to read with Pictophonic Strategies for two years, in comparison with other students who used the Eclectic Method during the same period of time. Reading expertise is understood as the use of two necessary procedures to decode words: the lexical route for the acknowledgment of known words, and the sub-lexical route for unknown words. An experimental pre-post design study was carried out with a control group, using the letter recognition test of the LEE Test at the beginning of the 2010 school year; and, at the end of the 2011 school year, the phonetic segmentation, word and pseudo-word reading tests were implemented. The significant differences between both methods point towards Pictophonic Strategies as a proposal that develops experienced reading.
TEKNIK PEMELIHARAAN LARVA UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN PROBIOTIK Alteromonas sp. BY-9
Authors: Suriadnyani Ni Nengah , Mastantra Kadek , Saefudin Saefudin
Published: January 2017

Abstrak bisa dilihat di Lampiran
Incidencia de las Técnicas de Gestión en la mejora de las decisiones administrativas
Authors: Valdés Pérez Dayana
Published: January 2017

Con el transcurrir de los años los productos y servicios son cada vez más complejos y con ello las exigencias de los clientes en cuanto a calidad, tiempo y precio. Es por ello necesario para triunfar una adecuada gestión y relación de las áreas de la entidad apoyándose en herramientas como las que integran la Contabilidad de Gestión, las cuales sirven de sostén tanto para la planeación como para el control y por tanto para la toma de decisiones. La planeación no está encaminada a eliminar riesgos, pues asumirlos es esencial para el progreso, sino a asegurar que estos se detecten. En tal sentido aplicar un procedimiento sustentado en el modelo Costo-Volumen-Utilidad, para la toma de decisiones gerenciales, encaminadas al mejoramiento del proceso de comercialización, en las empresas industriales constituye el objetivo de esta investigación, que es validada a través de un estudio de casos aplicado a la línea de producción de jugos de frutas perteneciente a la  empresa industrial de cítricos Ceballos, para ello se emplearon varios métodos del nivel teórico como entrevistas estructuradas, encuestas, criterio de expertos y se formuló un procedimiento para el análisis de las diferentes variables que conforman el modelo, así como la valoración de dos escenarios que permitieron diagnosticar la situación de la industria, reconociendo que  el procedimiento propuesto permitió tomar decisiones encaminadas al mejoramiento de la comercialización en la línea de jugos de la empresa industrial.
Ciências da Comunicação, área interdisciplinar
Authors: Alves Aníbal
Published: January 2017

Partindo da actualidade e relevância das questões de comunicação, procura-se neste artigo, em primeiro lugar, evocar alguns factores fundamentais na constituição da área científica da comunicação, tais como os mass media, a teoria da comunicação, o estudo da comunicação no quadro das ciências sociais e no quadro das ciências humanas e da linguagem. À luz do panorama delineado, propõe-se a concepção interdisciplinar das Ciências da Comunicação.
Comunicação e globalização
Authors: Rebelo José
Published: January 2017

Começarei por situar o conceito de globalização recorrendo a dois autores: Giddens e Harvey...
Fontes jornalísticas - contributos para o 'mapeamento' do campo
Authors: Pinto Manuel
Published: January 2017

Este ensaio nasce de uma necessidade e de um desejo. A necessidade advém da consciência do pouco que se tem pesquisado sobre as fontes no nosso país, apesar de elas constituirem uma dimensão central para a compreensão do jornalismo. O desejo surge e ganha expressão não apenasda vontade de estudar e de investigar, mas igualmente de o fazer em conjunto, dando na medida do possível um mote comum a um grupo de docentes e investigadores ligados ao jornalismo, mesmo que cada um deles o possa glosar a seu modo.
Língua e identidade. Estudo de comunicação comparada sobre a Comunidade de Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP)
Authors: Vitório Benalva Silva
Published: January 2017

Em momento e contexto diferentes, a língua materna inspirou dois brasileiros...
«Empresas comunicativas»: um projecto de investigação em Relações Públicas
Authors: Fernandes Joana Lobo , Ribeiro Isabel
Published: January 2017

O projecto Empresas comunicativas foi concebido e estruturado enquanto metodologia de acção educativa a levar a cabo durante um ano lectivo e tendo como destinatários dessa metodologia os alunos finalistas do CECE de Relações Públicas...
As publicações eletrônicas dentro da comunidade científica
Authors: Sabbatini Marcelo
Published: January 2017

O presente trabalho caracteriza e descreve o surgimento das publicações eletrônicas científicas na Internet, traçando o histórico de seu desenvolvimento e abordando também as principais questões envolvidas na transição do modelo de publicação baseado no papel para o modelo eletrônico, de entre as quais se destacam as questões dos direitos autorais, a questão económica, a legitimidade académica, a percepção de qualidade e o acesso e preservação destas publicações, que são tratadas na revisão da literatura sobre o tema. Dentro destas questões, uma grande relevância é dada ao papel que as publicações eletrônicas terão dentro do sistema sócio-tecnológico presente atualmente na sociologia e nos processos comunicacionais da ciência.
A identidade cultural na era da globalização - o papel do Direito de Autor
Authors: Rocha Margarida Almeida
Published: January 2017

O 'novo' é a explosão do espartilho inter-estatal...
How valuable is formal science training to science journalists?
Authors: Dunwoody Sharon
Published: January 2017

The science writing community in the United States increasingly privileges formal science training as part of a science journalist’s ‘tool kit.’ This article asks if existing research supports the argument that such formal training offers attributes critical to a science writer’s work and finds that the answer is no. In studies of journalists generally, as well as a very small number of studies of science writers specifically, newsroom socialization and number of years on the job are more important predictors of journalists’ levels of knowledge and their attitudes about professional behaviors than is the nature or extent of the their formal education. The article closes by posing a set of research questions that may permit a better understanding of the possible role of education in the work of science journalists.
A pessoa e o processo criativos: análise de testemunhos de inventores independentes portugueses
Authors: Morais Fátima
Published: January 2017

A investigação sobre criatividade fornece, há décadas, características sobre a personalidade do indivíduo criativo e sobre o processo, sobretudo cognitivo, de criar. Esses dados têm sido obtidos por estudos empíricos sobre criadores reconhecidos socialmente e pessoas criativas no seu quotidiano. Tornam-se, assim, tais características, úteis ferramentas de análise do trabalho criativo em diversos contextos e, por sua vez, os resultados dessas análises vêm reforçar ou problematizar a teorização prévia. Constitui-se então este ciclo de investigação/acção que caracteriza a ciência. Este artigo poderá ilustrar um desses momentos de interacção, neste caso entre as palavras de quem cria e conceitos interpretativos acerca de criatividade. Analisam-se quatro entrevistas a inventores independentes portugueses, do sexo masculino, provenientes de níveis de escolaridade, experiências profissionais e zonas geográficas diferentes, tomando como grelha de leitura dimensões da personalidade criativa e do processamento cognitivo típico de quem cria. Vão-se, então, intercalando explanações teóricas com frases ilustrativas dos entrevistados, clarificando-se as segundas e reforçando a credibilidade das primeiras. Vai-se tentando contribuir, desta forma, para a consolidação do que constitui a pessoa e o processo criativos, partindo das palavras vivas de criadores.
Studying the political economy of media and information
Authors: Wasko Janet
Published: January 2017

Studying the political economy of communications is no longer a marginal approach in media/communication studies in North America and some parts of Europe. Increasingly, the study of political economy is crucial to understanding the growth and global expansion of media and information industries. Thus, more researchers have turned to this perspective as a necessary and logical way to study these developments. This article will discuss the foundations and some of the major works in the study of the political economy of media and communications (PE/C). The focus is mostly on North American and Britain, with some European references. The discussion is intended to present an overview of the development of this approach, as well as providing a few examples of research representing the perspective. A brief discussion of the approach’s relationship to media economics and cultural studies also will be included.
Rádio em Portugal: tendências e grupos de comunicação na actualidade
Authors: Santos Rogério
Published: January 2017

O texto trabalha elementos que ilustram a situação actual da rádio em Portugal. Para além de uma curta história do meio no nosso país, dá informação sobre os grupos de rádio, mercado publicitário, públicos e audiências e políticas de incentivos. No conjunto de tendências e conclusões, o texto destaca o aumento da liberalização, com a consequente formação de grupos de comunicação mais fortes e inovadores, a associação de partilha de recursos nas estações mais pequenas e os desafios da rádio na Internet. Ao mesmo tempo, salienta as deficiências de serviço público e a precariedade laboral em muitas estações de proximidade.
Uma situação de crise em estudo de caso
Authors: Gama Gabriela
Published: January 2017

Neste artigo, ainda que de modo reduzido, tentámos mostrar que a gestão de crises não se improvisa e muitas empresas ainda não avaliaram todas as consequências que uma crise pode desencadear.Procurámos, ainda que de modo sucinto, explicar que, quando uma crise ocorre, ela ultrapassa todas as fronteiras da organização para se reflectir na opinião pública que irá ajuizar a maneira como a organização soube solucionar a situação. Os órgãos de comunicação social assumem uma postura crítica ou não consoante a informação que lhes é fornecida.A nossa reflexão incidiu no estudo de um caso prático que se relacionou com uma situação de crise vivida na EDP. Ou seja, incidiu sobre o estudo de um caso de corte de energia, que se prolongou por mais de duas horas, corte de energia esse que a comunicação social genericamente denominou “apagão”.
Public relations and communication management in Europe: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Van Ruler Betteke , Verčič Dejan
Published: January 2017

In most European countries, public relations is a flourishing industry, sometimes with a history of a least a century, and all over Europe young people like to become educated in the field. Nevertheless, little is known about crucial aspects of public relations in Europe and so far there is even lesser debate and knowledge exchange on these aspects. The research projects we have conducted so far show that public relations is a multi-dimensional concept. These different dimensions show that public relations is not just a professional function of managers and technicians. The question we want to raise in this article is what typifies European public relations in practice, education and research and what could be a unifying concept to develop practice, education and research.
Gli spazi della pubblicità, l’immaginario e lo sguardo
Authors: Volli Ugo
Published: January 2017

1. Che la pubblicità sia proprio l’arte del nostro mondo (o in una versione meno forte ma altrettanto significativa, almeno la nuova arte più caratteristica dell’epoca contemporanea), è quasi un luogo comune fra gli addetti ai lavori e i commentatori della “comunicazione” – un’altra ambiziosa autodefinizione questa, costruita per sineddoche, che i pubblicitari usano come un’antonomasia: questa denominazione afferma che fare pubblicità è comunicare per eccellenza...
Prevención de infecciones. Un vistazo a la nueva “Guía global para prevención de infecciones de sitio quirúrgico”
Authors: Hernández Orozco Hilda Guadalupe , Castañeda Narváez José Luis
Published: January 2017

Las infecciones de sitio quirúrgico afectan a un tercio de los pacientes sometidos a un procedimiento de este tipo. En países de bajos y medianos recursos son más frecuentes que en los de altos recursos; las tasas de incidencia varían entre 1.2 y 23.6 por cada 100 cirugías y, en cirugía pediátrica, se reportan tasas de 12.7 por cada 100 cirugías (IC 95%: 6.7 a 20.3).
Tratamiento con estatinas en pacientes pediátricos con síndrome nefrótico resistente a esteroides. Reporte de dos casos
Authors: Sánchez-García C , Bailón-Ortega A A , Zaltzman-Girshevich S
Published: January 2017

El síndrome nefrótico se define por la asociación de proteinuria, hipoalbuminemia, hiperlipidemia y edema. El 80% de los pacientes pediátricos con síndrome nefrótico primario responde a la terapia con esteroides; el 20% restante requiere asociar otros medicamentos para alcanzar la remisión (ciclofosfamida, ciclosporina). La hiperlipidemia en el síndrome nefrótico es debida tanto a un incremento en la síntesis acompañada de disminución en la eliminación de los lípidos de la sangre; siendo la causa directa de esto la proteinuria. La hiperlipidemia incrementa el riesgo cardiovascular, así como el daño glomerular. Con base en esto, la hiperlipidemia persistente en el síndrome nefrótico resistente a esteroides debe ser tratada. Los inhibidores de la 3-hidroxi-3-metilglutaril-coenzima A (HMG-CoA) reductasa han demostrado efecto antiinflamatorio, inmunomodulador y antiproliferativo. Por ello el papel de las estatinas en el síndrome nefrótico va más allá de su efecto hipolipemiante. Presentamos dos casos de pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de síndrome nefrótico resistente a esteroides y su evolución durante el tratamiento con ciclosporina y estatinas.
Importancia de la microbiota gastrointestinal en pediatría
Authors: Zamudio-Vázquez V P , Ramírez-Mayans J A , Toro-Monjaraz E M , Cervantes- Bustamante R , Zárate-Mondragón F , Montijo-Barrios E , Cadena-León J F , Cázares-Méndez J M
Published: January 2017

Las enfermedades del tubo gastrointestinal forman parte importante de la morbilidad y de la mortalidad mundiales; incluyen desde las enfermedades infecciosas, alérgicas, inflamatorias crónicas (como la enfermedad de Crohn y la colitis ulcerativa) hasta padecimientos considerados como funcionales, como el síndrome de intestino irritable. En algunas de ellas el tratamiento puede ser difícil, ya que en ocasiones pueden existir diferentes teorías en relación a las mismas y en las que se han encontrado múltiples factores tanto psicosociales como genéticos. En los últimos años ha cobrado gran importancia el papel que desempeña la microbiota intestinal en la génesis de algunas de ellas. Desde el siglo XV se describió la presencia de microorganismos en el tubo gastrointestinal, pero fue hasta que se originó la biología molecular cuando se logró un mejor conocimiento de la función y la composición del ecosistema gastrointestinal, el cual contribuye de manera importante para los procesos de digestión y absorción de sustratos de la dieta, así como para las funciones inmunológicas y protectoras de la microbiota gastrointestinal en cada organismo, lo que resulta esencial para comprender su participación en el tratamiento y en la prevención de múltiples enfermedades.
Red de interacción proteína-proteína de fosfatidilinositol 4,5-bifosfato 5-fosfatasa relacionada con el síndrome de Lowe
Authors: Baldiris-Avila Rosa , Acosta Natali , Arzuza-Romero Andrea , Vivas-Reyes Ricardo
Published: January 2017

El síndrome de Lowe (SL) es una enfermedad transmitida por herencia ligada al sexo, que afecta mayoritariamente a los hombres y muy ocasionalmente a las mujeres. El SL consiste en mutaciones en el gen OCRL1 que afectan el metabolismo del inositol fosfato, produciendo afecciones significativas de los ojos, el sistema nervioso y los riñones. En este estudio se construyó una red de interacción proteína-proteína para la enzima fosfatidilinositol 4,5-bifosfato 5-fosfatasa, en el software Cytoscape versión 3.3.0, a partir de información suministrada por las bases de datos KEGG, PubMed, BioGRID, STRING y Uniprot, donde se extrajeron 26 proteínas relacionadas con OCRL. Con base en un análisis funcional y topológico, se obtuvo que las categorías ontológicas (GO) de mayor significancia están relacionadas con el transporte mediado por vesículas y la transducción de señales medidas por pequeñas GTPasas. Por otro lado, los parámetros topológicos de la red construida fueron, coeficiente de transitividad: 0,033, diámetro: 5,0 centralización: 0,55.© 2016. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Antimicrobial Effects of Mastic Extract Against Oral and Periodontal Pathogens
Authors: Koychev Stefka , Dommisch Henrik , Chen Hong , Pischon Nicole
Published: January 2017

Background: Various antimicrobial agents are widely used in the therapy of oral inflammatory diseases. However, their side effects and the appearance of drug resistance justify research on natural antimicrobial agents to target oral pathogens that are safe for the host. In the present study, antimicrobial properties of mastic extract on commensal and pathogenic oral bacteria, as well as its possible cytotoxic effect toward cells of epithelial and mesenchymal origin, were evaluated and compared with the common antimicrobial agents hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX).

Methods: Oral and periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans [Sm], Streptococcus oralis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens) were treated with different concentrations of mastic extract, 3% H2O2, and 0.2% CHX, and evaluated with an agar diffusion test. The cytotoxic effect of mastic extract was tested on four cell lines of epithelial and mesenchymal origin (HaCaT, SaOS‐2, MC3T3‐E1, periodontal ligament [PDL] cells) by neutral red and 2,3‐bis‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium‐5‐carboxanilide assay.

Results: Mastic extract led to significantly (P ≤0.016) increased inhibition of the tested periodontal pathogens compared with H2O2. No effect of mastic extract was observed on Sm. Mastic extract showed beneficial effects on cell viability because viability values of tested cells were significantly (P ≤0.016) lower for cells treated with CHX and H2O2 compared with mastic extract–treated cells after stimulation for 2, 4, and 6 hours.

Conclusion: The present data demonstrate mastic extract’s inhibition of periodontal pathogens, as well as beneficial effects on cell viability, compared with H2О2, suggesting that it could be considered an alternative antibacterial agent in the prevention of periodontal disease.
Um médico italiano para a escola republicana paulista: a pedagogía científica nas escolas normais brasileiras
Authors: Menezes Maria Cristina , Pinheiro Maria de Lourdes
Published: January 2017

Dois livros, da biblioteca histórica da antiga Escola Normal de Campinas, chamaram a atenção por trazerem ambos o nome do Dr. Ugo Pizzoli, médico italiano que em 1914ministrou o Curso de Technica Psychologica no Gabinete de Psychologia e Anthropologia Pedagógica annexo à Escola Normal de São Paulo. Estes volumes, seguidos de vários outros títulos, representam período em que predominou a pedagogia científica que se articulava à psicologia e à antropologia. O trabalho busca trazer práticas e personagens que se destacaram no cenário brasileiro por essa pedagogia que via a escola como laboratório de investigação científica e na qual o aluno deveria ser submetido a exames físicos e psíquicos.