bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Mechanism of Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase: On the Detection and Stability of the Initial Carbonyloxy Radical Intermediate
Authors: Aleksandrov Alexey , Bonvalet Adeline , Müller Pavel , Sorigué Damien , Beisson Fred , Antonucci Laura , Solinas Xavier , Joffre Manuel , Vos Marten H.
Published: March 2024

In fatty acid photodecarboxylase (FAP), light‐induced formation of the primary radical product RCOO⋅ from fatty acid RCOO− occurs in 300 ps, upon which CO2 is released quasi‐immediately. Based on the hypothesis that aliphatic RCOO⋅ (spectroscopically uncharacterized because unstable) absorbs in the red similarly to aromatic carbonyloxy radicals such as 2,6‐dichlorobenzoyloxy radical (DCB⋅), much longer‐lived linear RCOO⋅ has been suggested recently. We performed quantum chemical reaction pathway and spectral calculations. These calculations are in line with the experimental DCB⋅ decarboxylation dynamics and spectral properties and show that in contrast to DCB⋅, aliphatic RCOO⋅ radicals a) decarboxylate with a very low energetic barrier and on the timescale of a few ps and b) exhibit little red absorption. A time‐resolved infrared spectroscopy experiment confirms very rapid, ≪300 ps RCOO⋅ decarboxylation in FAP. We argue that this property is required for the observed high quantum yield of hydrocarbons formation by FAP.
Unlocking Four‐electron Conversion in Tellurium Cathodes for Advanced Magnesium‐based Dual‐ion Batteries
Authors: Morag Ahiud , Chu Xingyuan , Marczewski Maciej , Kunigkeit Jonas , Neumann Christof , Sabaghi Davood , Żukowska Grażyna Zofia , Du Jingwei , Li Xiaodong , Turchanin Andrey , Brunner Eike , Feng Xinliang , Yu Minghao
Published: March 2024

Magnesium (Mg) batteries hold promise as a large‐scale energy storage solution, but their progress has been hindered by the lack of high‐performance cathodes. Here, we address this challenge by unlocking the reversible four‐electron Te0/Te4+ conversion in elemental Te, enabling the demonstration of superior Mg//Te dual‐ion batteries. Specifically, the classic magnesium aluminum chloride complex (MACC) electrolyte is tailored by introducing Mg bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Mg(TFSI)2), which initiates the Te0/Te4+ conversion with two distinct charge‐storage steps. Te cathode undergoes Te/TeCl4 conversion involving Cl− as charge carriers, during which a tellurium subchloride phase is presented as an intermediate. Significantly, the Te cathode achieves a high specific capacity of 543 mAh gTe−1 and an outstanding energy density of 850 Wh kgTe−1, outperforming most of the previously reported cathodes. Our electrolyte analysis indicates that the addition of Mg(TFSI)2 reduces the overall ion‐molecule interaction and mitigates the strength of ion‐solvent aggregation within the MACC electrolyte, which implies the facilized Cl− dissociation from the electrolyte. Besides, Mg(TFSI)2 is verified as an essential buffer to mitigate the corrosion and passivation of Mg anodes caused by the consumption of the electrolyte MgCl2 in Mg//Te dual‐ion cells. These findings provide crucial insights into the development of advanced Mg‐based dual‐ion batteries.
Synchronous Regulation of D–Band Centers in Zn Substrates and Weakening Pauli Repulsion of Zn Ions Using the Ascorbic Acid Additive for Reversible Zinc Anodes
Authors: Zhang Zhengchunyu , Wang Peng , Wei Chuanliang , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin , Xi Baojuan
Published: March 2024

The advanced aqueous zinc–ion batteries (AZIBs) are still challenging due to the harmful reactions including hydrogen evolution and corrosion. Here, a natural small molecule acid vitamin C (Vc) as an aqueous electrolyte additive has been selectively identified. The small molecule Vc can adjust the d band center of Zn substrate which fixes the active H+ so that the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is restrained. Simultaneously, it could also fine–tune the solvation structure of Zn ions due to the enhanced electrostatics and reduced Pauli repulsion verified by energy decomposition analysis (EDA). Hence, the cell retains an ultra–long cycle performance of over 1300 cycles and a superior Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.5 %. The prepared full cells display increased rate capability, cycle lifetime, and self–discharge suppression. Our results shed light on the mechanistic principle of electrolyte additives on the performance improvement of ZIBs, which is anticipated to render a new round of studies.
Personal history of cancer as a risk factor for second primary lung cancer: Implications for lung cancer screening
Authors: Nofal Sara , Niu Jiangong , Resong Paul , Jin Jeff , Merriman Kelly W. , Le Xiuning , Katki Hormuzd , Heymach John , Antonoff Mara B. , Ostrin Edwin , Wu Jia , Zhang Jianjun , Toumazis Iakovos
Published: March 2024

Background

Personal history of cancer is an independent risk factor for lung cancer but is omitted from existing lung cancer screening eligibility criteria. In this study, we assess the lung cancer risk among cancer survivors and discuss potential implications for screening.

Methods

This was a retrospective, secondary analysis of data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry and the MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC). We estimated the standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for lung cancer by site of first primary cancer using data from SEER. We assessed the lung cancer risk among head and neck cancer survivors from MDACC using cumulative incidence and compared the risk ratios (RR) by individuals' screening eligibility status.

Results

Other than first primary lung cancer (SIR: 5.10, 95% CI: 5.01–5.18), cancer survivors in SEER with personal history of head and neck cancer (SIR: 3.71, 95% CI: 3.63–3.80) had the highest risk of developing second primary lung cancer, followed by bladder (SIR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.81–1.90) and esophageal cancers (SIR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.61–1.96). Head and neck cancer survivors had higher risk to develop lung cancer compared to the National Lung Screening Trial's subjects, (781 vs. 572 per 100,000 person‐years, respectively). Head and neck cancer survivors ineligible for lung cancer screening seen at MDACC had significantly higher lung cancer risk than head and neck cancer survivors from SEER (RR: 1.9, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Personal history of cancer, primarily head and neck cancer, is an independent risk factor for lung cancer and may be considered as an eligibility criterion in future lung cancer screening recommendations.
Guided coronally advanced flap to treat gingival recession: Digital workflow and case report
Authors: Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Rossato Amanda , Miguel Manuela Maria Viana , Mathias‐Santamaria Ingrid Fernandes , Nunes Marcelo Pereira , Queiroz Lucas Araújo
Published: March 2024

Background

The inherently technique‐sensitive nature of periodontal plastic procedures demands a significant level of skill and expertise. The incorporation of three‐dimensional (3D) printing technologies emerges as a potential strategy to optimize and simplify surgical procedures. This case report describes the digital workflow and presents the clinical outcomes achieved using a guided coronally advanced flap for the treatment of a single gingival recession (GR).

Methods and Results

A female patient with a gingival recession type 1 (RT1 B‐) defect on the mandibular second left premolar underwent successful treatment using a guided coronally advanced flap (g‐CAF) and de‐epithelized connective tissue graft (CTG). The digital planning included intraoral scanning of the mandible and hard palate using an intraoral scanner, with resulting polygon format (PLY) files exported for virtual model creation. The CAF guide was meticulously designed to orient horizontal and vertical incisions at the papillae base adjacent to the GR defect. For the donor site, a guide was specifically created, positioning the graft area 2 mm apically to the premolars' gingival margins. The delineation of this area involved two horizontal and vertical incisions, meticulously based on the dimensions of the GR. The digitally designed guides were then 3D‐printed using a surgical guide‐specific resin, contributing to the precise execution of the innovative surgical approach. Complete root coverage was achieved.

Conclusion

This case report demonstrates that g‐CAF can be a promising approach for the treatment of single GR.

Highlights

Why is this case new information?

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first manuscript to report a guided procedure for the treatment of gingival recession.

This report provides the digital workflow for the fabrication of a guide to perform the coronally advanced flap for single recession defects.

What are the keys to successfully manage this case?

It is necessary to adequately scan the recession defect area and palate.

Properly not only design the guide using specific software but also print it.

The guide has to be stable when in position for the surgical procedure.

What are the primary limitations of this technique?

This guide was designed to help surgeons during the incisions. However, it does not provide aid to split and release the flap and suture.
NLRB's decision about Dartmouth could impact other student‐athletes
Authors: O’Brien Timothy
Published: March 2024

The National Labor Relations Board recently concluded that the members of the Dartmouth University men's basketball team are considered to be employees of the university for the purposes of federal labor law. That conclusion was based on the members of the team performing “work,” that the university “controlled the work,” and that the work was done in exchange for “compensation.” As a result of that decision, the NLRB determined that the team members are eligible to vote in an election to decide if they want a union to represent them. If the majority of the team votes in favor of union representation, the union could then negotiate with the university on all terms and conditions of employment, including compensation and benefits.
Weigh the benefits of the 4‐day workweek
Authors: Freebairn‐Smith Laura
Published: March 2024

This column is adapted from my book, Abundance Leaders: Creating Energy, Joy, and Productivity in an Unsettled World, published by Wiley.
Servant leadership plays key role in success
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: March 2024

Even though Jon Gilbert has worked in college athletics for more than 30 years and as Director of Athletics at East Carolina University for five of those years, he hasn’t lost sight of what really matters.
Curcumae Radix: A Review of Traditional Use, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Quality Control
Authors: Niu Yu‐Ting , Xu Hao‐Nan , Zhang Yu‐Ying , Li Xin‐Zhuo , Li Yu‐Ze , Song Xiao‐Mei , Zhang Dong‐Dong , Wang Wei
Published: March 2024

Curcumae Radix (CuR) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been used in China for more than 1,000 years. It has the traditional efficacy of activating blood and relieving pain, promoting qi and relieving depression, clearing heart and cooling blood, and promoting gallbladder and removing jaundice. Based on this, many domestic and foreign scholars have conducted systematic studies on its chemical composition, pharmacological effects, toxicity and quality control. Currently, 250 compounds, mainly including terpenoids and curcuminoids, have been isolated and identified from CuR, which has pharmacological activities, including antitumor, anti‐inflammatory and analgesic, antidepressant, hepatoprotective, hemostatic, hematopoietic, and treatment of diabetes mellitus. In modern clinical practice, CuR is widely used in the treatment of tumors, breast hyperplasia, hepatitis, and stroke. However, the generation of toxicity and clinical application of CuR and Caryophylli Flos, the determination of the concoction process of artifacts, the determination of specific Quality Marker, and the establishment of the quality control system of CuR, are problems that need to be solved urgently at present.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation, DFT, and Molecular Docking Studies of Pyrano [4,3‐b] Pyranone and Pyrano[2,3‐b]Pyridinone Systems
Authors: Ghaith Eslam A. , Zoorob Hanafi H. , Hamama Wafaa S.
Published: March 2024

Dehydroacetic acid (DHA) was utilized as a fundamental precursor in the synthesis of novel pyrano [4,3‐b] pyran and pyrano [2,3‐b] pyridine systems. Whereas, a new series of fused polyheteronuclear systems was achieved through the reaction of DHA with active methylene compounds such as malononitrile and pyrazolone. Whereas, the treatment of DHA 1 with cyclic ketones involving cyclohexanone and cyclododecanone afforded annulated tricyclic system 6 and spiro hybrid molecule 7. Also, the reaction of DHA 1 with cyanoacetamide derivatives 8 and 11 yielded their corresponding novel pyrano [2,3‐b] pyridine‐6‐carbonitrile frameworks 9 and 12, respectively. Also, in silico predictive theoretical molecular docking studies for bioactive synthesized scaffolds against both HER2 and 6BBP displayed an optimistic result for compounds 2 b, 5, 9, and 12 highlighting their expediency as up–and–coming candidates for future preclinical trials. Additionally, all compounds were assessed as antibacterial agents against various types of four candidates of bacteria in the presence of ampicillin as a reference. Notably, compounds 6, 7, and 12 showed promising antibacterial potential against Bacillus subtilis with activity indexes (69.6, 91.3, and 82.6 %), respectively.
Mechanistic Studies of Continuous Partial Methane Oxidation on Cu−Zeolites Using Kinetic and Spectroscopic Methods
Authors: Mikes Andrew D. , Kilburn Lauren , Gounder Rajamani
Published: March 2024

Over the past few decades, a significant amount of research effort has focused on investigating the active site requirements and reaction mechanisms for partial methane oxidation (PMO) to methanol over copper–exchanged zeolites during stoichiometric and stepwise chemical looping routes. More recently, research efforts have expanded to include investigating the PMO reaction in a continuous catalytic regime, primarily focusing on determining the influence of catalyst composition on Cu speciation and structure and, in turn, on PMO rate and selectivity. The structures of candidate Cu active sites are commonly studied using a combination of ex situ and in situ spectroscopic approaches. In this perspective, we critically examine the prior literature on catalytic PMO over Cu–zeolites to identify key knowledge gaps that remain in our understanding as motivation for future research efforts. We identify opportunities for future research to address these gaps by adapting analogous interrogation techniques that have been successfully used to elucidate the active site requirements and mechanistic details of another catalytic redox reaction cycle on Cu–zeolites, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides (NOx).
First Insight into the Catalytic Activity of Stereolithographically 3D‐Printed Tannin‐Based Carbon Architectures
Authors: Blyweert Pauline , Restivo João , Soares Olivia S. G. P. , Nicolas Vincent , Fierro Vanessa , Pereira Manuel F. R. , Celzard Alain
Published: March 2024

The remediation of polluted water is a major concern for public health and the environment. Catalytic removal of model organic and inorganic pollutants in water using carbon catalysts has shown promising results. In the present work, stereolithographically 3D‐printed bio‐based carbon monoliths with different textural and surface chemistry properties were used as catalysts for oxalic acid oxidation and catalyst supports for bromate reduction in continuous systems. A significant synergistic effect between ozone or dihydrogen and carbon catalyst was evidenced by mineralization of 14–25 % of oxalic acid or reduction of 15–45 % of bromates in the steady state, respectively. The best results were achieved with samples with the highest mesoporous surface area or, in the case of lower surface area, with samples having the strongest basic character. As materials with great potential, optimizing the textural properties of architected carbon monoliths will enable them to compete with other macro‐structured carbon catalysts.
A Review on Virgin or Waste Polymers in Bitumen Modification for Ageing and Rejuvenation
Authors: Rashid Sabina , Mudavath Ravi , Chandra Harish , Shekhar Indu , Kumar Pradeep , Srivastava Manoj , Kumar Kamal
Published: March 2024

The physicochemical behavior of polymer‐modified binders suggests suitability for rejuvenating aged pavements and meets base bitumen parameters. The strengthening effect is mainly due to their electronic structures, which interact with asphaltene via CH‐π interactions and crosslinkage reaction with S–H and O–H bonds of base bitumen, along with the virgin and waste polymers used. The functional groups in bitumen play a vital role in enhanced paving resistance after modification. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the role of polymers in bitumen modification and to identify research gaps. It also discusses underutilized technologies, methods, and future research perspectives to implement more effective road networks for an environmentally sustainable development.
Screen‐Printed Composite LiFePO4‐LLZO Cathodes Towards Solid‐State Li‐ion Batteries
Authors: Molaiyan Palanivel , Valikangas Juho , Sliz Rafal , Ramteke D. D. , Hu Tao , Paolella Andrea , Fabritius Tapio , Lassi Ulla
Published: March 2024

LiFePO4 (LFP) is widely used as cathode material for its low cost, high safety, and good thermal properties. It is one of the most exploited cathode materials for commercial Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we present a screen‐printing method to prepare a LFP composite cathode, and a rational combination of the typical composite solid electrolytes (CSE) consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO)/Li‐salt (LiTFSi) electrolyte with ceramic filler (LLZO or Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO)) has been successfully demonstrated for SSB. The prepared CSE offers: i) a promising ionic conductivity (0.425 mS cm−1 at 60 °C), ii) a wide electrochemical window (>4.6 V), iii) a high Li‐ion transference number (tLi+=0.44), iv) a good interfacial compatibility with the electrode, v) a good thermal stability, and vi) a high chemical stability toward Li metal anode. The Li/CSE/Li symmetric cells can be cycled for more than 1000 h without Li‐dendrites growth at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2. The final cell screen‐printed LFP composite cathode (LFP+LLZO)//Li metal displays a high reversible specific capacity of 140 mAh g−1 (0.1 C) and 50 mAh g−1 (0.5 C) after 1st and 500th cycles.
Standardized mean differences in meta‐analysis: A tutorial
Authors: Gallardo‐Gómez Daniel , Richardson Rachel , Dwan Kerry
Published: March 2024

This tutorial focuses on standardized mean differences (SMD) as effect measures in meta‐analyses. We will explain what they are, when they should be used, how to correctly compute and interpret them, and some of the most common error made within evidence synthesis.
Separation and Purification of Vanillin and Syringaldehyde from an Oxidized Kraft Liquor – A Mini Review
Authors: Tarigan Meilia Yoseba , Ebrahimi Mehrdad
Published: March 2024

Lignin is one of the most abundant bio‐aromatic molecular resources, but it is currently underutilized for energy production in the pulp and paper industry. Unlocking the full potential of lignin could have a significant impact on reducing environmental pollution, increasing the use of renewable resources, and achieving environmentally beneficial economic growth. However, effective lignin valorization requires viable and integrated reaction and separation processes to produce high value monomeric phenolics, such as vanillin and syringaldehyde. The aim of this short review is to summarize the studies on different separation methods of lignin derivatives obtained from black liquor, including extraction, membrane filtration, chromatographic separation, and the combination technologies.
Blockchain assisted blind signature algorithm with data integrity verification scheme
Authors: Shrivastava Pranav , Alam Bashir , Alam Mansaf
Published: March 2024

As the demand for cloud storage systems increases, ensuring the security and integrity of cloud data becomes a challenge. Data uploaded to cloud systems are vulnerable to numerous sorts of assaults, which must be handled appropriately to avoid data tampering issues. In addition, quantum computers are expected to be introduced soon, which may face multiple security issues by destroying all traditional cryptosystems. This work introduces a quantum‐resistant blockchain centered data integrity verification system with the use of several techniques. Initially, the keys and signatures are generated by the users with the help of the lattice‐based blind signature algorithm (L_BSA), which is a combination of lattice cryptography and a blind signature algorithm. From the generated random keys, the most optimal key is then selected by the Puzzle Optimization Algorithm (POA), which is then made available to the encryption phase. Then, the upgraded Merkle tree‐assisted vacuum filter (Vac‐UMT) algorithm is executed to accomplish the encryption task. Then the data are converted into blocks using blockchain technology and uploaded to the cloud. When receiving the audit requests, the verification process is carried out, and the evidence report is generated for the users. The proposed work is simulated in JAVA and assessed with the UNSW‐NB15 dataset, and the outcomes demonstrated that the system is highly efficient and secure.
Actuating droplets with electrowetting: Force and dynamics
Authors: Hennig Robert , Cacucciolo Vito , Shea Herbert
Published: March 2024

Electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) allows rapid movement of liquid droplets on a smooth surface, with applications ranging from lab‐on‐chip devices to micro‐actuators. The in‐plane force on a droplet is a key indicator of EWOD performance. This force has been extensively modeled but few direct experimental measurements are reported. We study the EWOD force on a droplet using two setups that allow, for the first time, the simultaneous measurement of force and contact angle, while imaging the droplet shape at 6000 frames/s. For several liquids and surfaces, we observe that the force saturates at a voltage of approximately 150 V. Application of voltages of up 2 kV, that is, 10 times higher than is typical, does not significantly increase forces beyond the saturation point. However, we observe that the transient dynamics, localized at the front contact line, do not show saturation with voltage. At the higher voltages, the initial front contact line speed continues to increase, the front contact angle temporarily becomes near zero, creating a thin liquid film, and capillary waves form at the liquid–air interface. When the localized EWOD forces at the contact line exceed the capillary forces, projectile droplets form. Increasing surface tension allows for higher droplet forces, which we demonstrate with mercury.
An interspecific foraging association with polar bears increases foraging opportunities for avian predators in a declining Arctic seabird colony
Authors: Barnas Andrew F. , Simone Cassandra A. B. , Geldart Erica A. , Love Oliver P. , Jagielski Patrick M. , Gilchrist H. Grant , Richardson Evan S. , Dey Cody J. , Semeniuk Christina A. D.
Published: March 2024

Interspecific foraging associations (IFAs) are biological interactions where two or more species forage in association with each other. Climate‐induced reductions in Arctic sea ice have increased polar bear (Ursus maritimus) foraging in seabird colonies, which creates foraging opportunities for avian predators. We used drone video of bears foraging within a common eider (Somateria mollissima) colony on East Bay Island (Nunavut, Canada) in 2017 to investigate herring gull (Larus argentatus) foraging in association with bears. We recorded nest visitation by gulls followingn = 193 eider flushing events from nests during incubation. The probability of gulls visiting eider nests increased with higher number of gulls present (β = 0.14 ± 0.03 [SE],p < .001) and for nests previously visited by a bear (β = 1.14 ± 0.49 [SE],p < .02). In our model examining the probability of gulls consuming eggs from nests, we failed to detect statistically significant effects for the number of gulls present (β = 0.09 ± 0.05 [SE],p < .07) or for nests previously visited by a bear (β = −0.92 ± 0.71 [SE],p < .19). Gulls preferred to visit nests behind bears (χ2 = 18, df = 1,p < .0001), indicating gulls are risk averse in the presence of polar bears. Our study provides novel insights on an Arctic IFA, and we present evidence that gulls capitalize on nests made available due to disturbance associated with foraging bears, as eiders disturbed off their nest allow gulls easier access to eggs. We suggest the IFA between gulls and polar bears is parasitic, as gulls are consuming terrestrial resources which would have eventually been consumed by bears. This finding has implications for estimating the energetic contribution of bird eggs to polar bear summer diets in that the total number of available clutches to consume may be reduced due to avian predators.
A renewed glance at the Palearctic golden eagle: Genetic variation in space and time
Authors: Karabanina Ekaterina , Lansink Gerhardus M. J. , Ponnikas Suvi , Kvist Laura
Published: March 2024

Anthropogenic pressures on nature have been causing population declines for centuries. Intensified persecution of apex predators, like the golden eagle, resulted in population bottlenecks during the 19th and 20th centuries. To study population genetics and demographic history of the golden eagle throughout its distribution, we collected museum samples from previously underrepresented regions, such as Russia and Central Asia. We used 12 microsatellite loci and a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region to re‐evaluate phylogeography of Eurasian golden eagles and study the impacts of the population bottleneck. Our results revealed a north–south genetic gradient, expressed by the difference between Mediterranean and Holarctic lineages, as well as genetically distinct Northern Europe and Central Asia and Caucasus regions. Furthermore, Northern Europe exhibited the lowest, whereas Central Asia and Caucasus had the highest genetic diversity. Although golden eagles maintained relatively high genetic diversity, we detected genetic signatures of the recent bottleneck, including reduced genetic diversity and a decline in the effective female population size around the year 1975. Our study improves the knowledge of the genetic composition of Eurasian golden eagles and highlights the importance of understanding their historical population dynamics in the face of ongoing and future conservation efforts.
Acquired immune resistance is associated with interferon signature and modulation of KLF6/c‐MYB transcription factors in myeloid leukemia
Authors: Parveen Mubaida , Karaosmanoglu Beren , Sucularli Ceren , Uner Aysegul , Taskiran Ekim Z. , Esendagli Gunes
Published: March 2024

Resistance to immunity is associated with the selection of cancer cells with superior capacities to survive inflammatory reactions. Here, we tailored an ex vivo immune selection model for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and isolated the residual subpopulations as “immune‐experienced” AML (ieAML) cells. We confirmed that upon surviving the immune reactions, the malignant blasts frequently decelerated proliferation, displayed features of myeloid differentiation and activation, and lost immunogenicity. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a limited number of commonly altered pathways and differentially expressed genes in all ieAML cells derived from distinct parental cell lines. Molecular signatures predominantly associated with interferon and inflammatory cytokine signaling were enriched in the AML cells resisting the T‐cell‐mediated immune reactions. Moreover, the expression and nuclear localization of the transcription factors c‐MYB and KLF6 were noted as the putative markers for immune resistance and identified in subpopulations of AML blasts in the patients’ bone marrow aspirates. The immune modulatory capacities of ieAML cells lasted for a restricted period when the immune selection pressure was omitted. In conclusion, myeloid leukemia cells harbor subpopulations that can adapt to the harsh conditions established by immune reactions, and a previous “immune experience” is marked with IFN signature and may pave the way for susceptibility to immune intervention therapies.
cis‐Linked Cyclotetraphenylenes: Synthesis, Structures and Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Zou Bo , Li Jian‐An , Zhai Zhaofen , Yu Taoxing , Liu Haoran , Huang Jieqing , He Huowang , Xu Bingjia , Jiang Hua‐Wei
Published: March 2024

cis‐Linked cyclotetraphenylene dimer [2]c‐CTPE and trimer [3]c‐CTPE were synthesized via Pt‐mediated cyclization of cis‐diboronated tetraphenylethene. The structure of [2]c‐CTPE has been confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The strain energy of [2]c‐CTPE and [3]c‐CTPE was calculated to be 86.28 ⋅ kJ mol−1 and 9.23 kJ ⋅ mol−1, respectively. [2]c‐CTPE and [3]c‐CTPE are typical AIEgens and show mechanofluorochromic properties. The comparisons of cis‐linked cyclotetraphenylenes with gem‐linked cyclotetraphenylenes were also discussed.
Patient and clinician perspectives on supported mealtimes as part of anorexia nervosa treatment: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis
Authors: Komarova Daria , Chambers Kate , Foye Una , Jewell Tom
Published: March 2024

Objective

To systematically review the literature on clinicians' and patients' experiences of supported mealtimes in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.

Method

This systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022372565). PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Embase were searched up to the 20th of November 2023 for qualitative articles investigating the perspectives of healthcare professionals and patients on clinician‐supported meals across all clinical settings. Data were analysed using thematic synthesis. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme was used to evaluate the quality of selected studies.

Results

This review comprised of 26 studies; eight concerned with the perspectives of clinicians only, 16 addressing patients' views, and two studies exploring the views of both groups. Experiences of both groups were generally negative, and three overlapping themes were identified: lack of consistency in care provided, high levels of negative emotions and an uncomfortable power dynamic.

Conclusions

This review suggests that supported mealtimes are experienced more positively by patients when rules are clear and consistently enforced, and when clinicians make informal conversation and supportive comments. Our findings highlight the need for best practice guidelines and clinician training to improve the delivery of supported mealtimes. Such guidelines and training should be coproduced in collaboration with patients and carers.
Dietary nutrients that potentially mitigate autism spectrum disorder and dietary recommendations for children and pregnant women
Authors: Li Wentian , Kong Qingmin , Tian Peijun , Wang Linlin , Jin Xing , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Heng , Chen Wei , Wang Gang
Published: March 2024

The increasing incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) worldwide poses serious social and family problems. Various risk factors for ASD are gradually being recognized, and there are also various options for the treatment of ASD. It is worth noting that dietary interventions have been shown to have a positive effect in terms of mitigating and preventing some psychiatric disorders, such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and ASD, and they are gradually receiving attention as a safe adjuvant treatment. In this review, based on the current understanding of the pathogenic factors and intervention strategies for ASD, different dietary patterns that can be selected for children with ASD are discussed in depth. Moreover, a review was conducted on the use of dietary factors, such as natural products from food sources, prebiotics, and probiotics, as effective supplements to existing dietary patterns. As increasing evidence shows that maternal risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, are associated with an increased risk of ASD in offspring, dietary suggestions are also made for pregnant woman with ASD‐related risk factors to counteract the impact of these risk factors. With compensation from food‐derived natural products, prebiotics, and probiotics, suitable dietary patterns can further enhance the effectiveness of dietary interventions for ASD. In addition, dietary recommendations for pregnant woman may reduce the potential impact of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension and may help to prevent the occurrence of ASD to the maximum extent possible.
The effect of 8‐week mindfulness counseling on sexual self‐efficacy of women suffering from human immunodeficiency syndrome: A randomized controlled trial in Iran
Authors: Sadeghian Bahareh , Abedi Parvin , Hamid Najmeh , Maraghi Elham , Molavi Shahla
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims

Sexual self‐efficacy refers to a woman's belief that she can be sexually active and attractive for her sexual partner and has acceptable sexual function. One of the issues that may negatively affect sexual self‐efficacy is HIV infection. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks of counseling based on mindfulness on sexual self‐efficacy of women affected with HIV.

Methods

This was a randomized controlled trial involving 62 HIV‐positive women in their reproductive age. Women in the intervention group were further divided into four groups. Each group received eight sessions of counseling based on mindfulness, while the control group received no intervention. A demographic questionnaire and sexual self‐efficacy questionnaire were used to collect the data. The independent t test, χ2, and repeated measure tests were used to analyze the data.

Results

The mean change of total score of sexual self‐efficacy in Week 8 compared with before intervention was 37.04 (95% CI: 31.38–42.70, p < 0001) and in Week 12 compared with before intervention was 36.97 (95% CI: 31.59–42.34, p < 0.0001), while in the control group, it almost remained unchanged. The score of readiness for sexual relationship, sexual self‐stimulation, intimacy without sexual intercourse, and orgasm improved significantly 8 and 12 weeks after intervention (p < 0.0001), whereas no significant differences were observed in these dimensions in the control group.

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that 8 weeks of counseling based on mindfulness could significantly improve all dimensions of sexual self‐efficacy and its total score in women affected with HIV. Thus, this method of counseling is recommended for HIV‐positive women.
A novel referral strategy to enhance the enrollment of patients with heart failure in cardiac rehabilitation: A feasibility study
Authors: Schmidt Anne Mette , Bloch‐Nielsen Jannie Rhod , Nørgaard Helene , Hannibal Loui , Jensen Sarah Holm Junge , Tang Lars Hermann , Rolving Nanna
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims

Rehabilitation targeting patients with cardiac conditions are evident and acknowledged in clinical guidelines. However, participation rates remain suboptimal, with only 50% of all patients with cardiac conditions participating in these programs across Europe. Considering the well‐documented effects of rehabilitation, increasing the referral rate to cardiac rehabilitation would be desirable. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a novel referral strategy that could potentially enhance enrollment in cardiac rehabilitation for patients with heart failure.

Methods

This prospective feasibility study incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted in an outpatient heart failure clinic and a municipal health care center. 106 patients with heart failure were referred to the heart failure clinic from September 2021 through July 2022. A 15−20 min face‐to‐face physiotherapy consultation was incorporated into usual care, evaluating patients' habitual and actual level of functioning, disability, and physical activity and assessing their potential need and motivation for cardiac rehabilitation. Three predefined quantitative feasibility outcomes: reach, referral rate, and data completeness were assessed. Additionally, semi‐structured interviews explored acceptability among patients and health care professionals at the municipal health care center and the hospital. Finally, the potential effect was assessed based on the enrollment rate.

Results

Physiotherapy consultations were offered to 86% of eligible patients; of these, 52% were referred to cardiac rehabilitation. Ninety‐one percent data completeness was achieved. The intervention was well‐accepted by patients and health care professionals. The enrollment rate reached 79%.

Conclusion

The novel referral strategy proved feasible concerning reach and data completeness, although the referral rate suggested that further refinements are required before a full‐scale trial. The novel referral strategy was well‐accepted, and enrollment rate approached an acceptable level.
Electrochemical biosensors and power supplies for wearable health‐managing textile systems
Authors: Li Changxin , Jia Kangkang , Liang Qimin , Li Yingchun , He Sisi
Published: March 2024

In recent years, wearable electrochemical biosensors have received increasing attention, benefiting from the growing demand for continuous monitoring for personalized medicine and point‐of‐care medical assistance. Incorporating electrochemical biosensing and corresponding power supply into everyday textiles could be a promising strategy for next‐generation non‐invasive and comfort interaction mode with healthcare. This review starts with the manufacturing and structural design of electrochemical biosensing textiles and discusses a series of wearable electrochemical biosensing textiles monitoring various biomarkers (e.g., pH, electrolytes, metabolite, and cytokines) at the molecular level. The fiber‐shaped or textile‐based solar cells and aqueous batteries as corresponding energy harvesting and storage devices are further introduced as a complete power supply for electrochemical biosensing textiles. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects relating to sensing textile systems from wearability, durability, washability, sample collection and analysis, and clinical validation.
Julolidine functionalized benzimidazoline‐doped fullerene derivatives for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhu Yanqing , Li Chenglong , Chen JiaHui , Zhang Yuxi , Lu Jianfeng , Hu Min , Li Wangnan , Huang Fuzhi , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Park Hyesung , Xiao Shengqiang
Published: March 2024

Fullerene derivatives are highly attractive materials in solar cells, organic thermoelectrics, and other devices. However, the intrinsic low electron mobility and electrical conductivity restrict their potential device performance, such as perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we successfully enhanced the electric properties and morphology of phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) by n‐doping it with a benzimidazoline derivative, 9‐(1,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzoimidazol‐2‐yl)‐julolidine (JLBI‐H) via a solution process. We found the n‐doping can not only improve the conductivity and optimize the band alignment but also enable the PCBM to have a constantly strong charge extraction ability in a wide temperature from 173 to 373 K, which guarantees a stable photovoltaic performance of the corresponding PSCs under a wide range of operating temperatures. With the JLBI‐H‐doped PCBM, we improved the efficiency from 17.9% to 19.8%, along with enhanced stability of the nonencapsulated devices following the aging protocol of ISOS‐D‐1.
Third‐trimester fetal pancreas imaging in uncomplicated pregnancies and association with pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Golbasi Hakan , Bayraktar Burak , Golbasi Ceren , Omeroglu Ibrahim , Atakul Bahar Konuralp , Cakir Zubeyde Emiralioglu , Toka Ilknur Gumus , Ekin Atalay
Published: March 2024

Objective

To examine third‐trimester sonographic imaging of the fetal pancreas in uncomplicated pregnancies and its association with pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

This was a prospective cohort study including 274 pregnant women. Uncomplicated pregnancies in the third trimester (28–40 weeks) were included in the study. Maternal chronic disease, pregnancy‐related disorders such as hypertension, diabetes, cholestasis, smoking, and fetal abnormalities were determined as exclusion criteria. Sonographic fetal pancreatic measurement and echogenicity were evaluated in all participants. For intra‐observer reliability, each participant's fetal pancreatic circumference was measured two times. The echogenicity of the pancreas was compared with the liver and ribs and classified as grade 1, 2, and 3. The pregnancy outcomes of all participants were obtained from the hospital digital registration system.

Results

The average fetal pancreatic circumference in the third trimester was 70.7 ± 0.6 mm (median, 70 [44–100.7]), with high intra‐observer agreement (ICC 0.996 [0.995; 0.997]). A significant positive correlation was found between pancreatic circumference, body mass index (BMI), gestational age, and birth weight. Pancreatic measurements were significantly higher in composite adverse outcomes cases that included at least one of respiratory distress syndrome, hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal pneumonia, infection, and sepsis (p < 0.001). No relationship was found between pancreatic echogenicity and perinatal outcomes.

Conclusion

Fetal pancreas size was positively correlated with gestational age, BMI, and birth weight, and increased fetal pancreas size was associated with composite adverse neonatal outcomes.
Aggregates versus pores – is the soil science community torn apart? A survey
Authors: Roosch Svenja
Published: March 2024

Whether soil structure should be viewed mostly as a system of pores or a set of aggregates is a question soil scientists keep debating in the literature, but it is unclear whether the wider soil science community is also divided. In a quick survey among mainly German soil scientists of all career levels and sub‐disciplines, most participants agreed that both pores and aggregates are important to describe soil structure. The debate can nevertheless be fruitful if it is led more efficiently, avoiding generalisations, misunderstandings and potential emotional barriers.
Analytical quality by design approach for the development of high‐performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous analysis of metformin and sitagliptin in the presence of major degradation products
Authors: Pawar Rajesh , Naresh Pothuraju , Kalva Bhadrayya , Kumar M. Raj , Ravichandiran V. , Ramalingam P.
Published: March 2024

An analytical quality by design‐based high‐performance liquid chromatography method for determining metformin (MET) and sitagliptin (SIT) in stress‐degraded samples was developed and validated. The analytical target profile and risk assessment‐driven critical method variables, for example, pH, % aqueous, and buffer concentration, were studied for their effect on method responses of retention time and resolution using a central composite design. The correlation regression coefficient was more than 0.8, and variables interaction was significant on method responses with curvature effect. The method operable design region afforded an aqueous range of 55%–70% and an ortho‐phosphoric acid buffer of 0.1% with a pH of 3.0–4.0 as a robust region for the suitable method performance characteristics. The separation of MET and SIT from their degradants (m/z 85.0509; m/z 193.0694) on the C8 column was achieved using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% ortho‐phosphoric acid and methanol (60:40% v/v; pH 3.0). The optimized method eluted MET and SIT at 4.3 ± 0.2 and 7.1 ± 0.2 min, respectively, with acceptable specificity and resolution. The linearity ranges of 25–250 μg/mL (r2: 0.9982) and 5–50 μg/mL (r2: 0.9989) was established for MET and SIT, respectively. The % recovery (98.81%–102.17%), precision (0.55%–1.65%), and robustness study for method variables were acceptable.
Rapid screening and isolation of 5‐lipoxygenase inhibitors in Inonotus obliquus and mechanism of action in the treatment of asthma
Authors: Yun Haocheng , Liu Zhen , Hou Wanchao , Liu Qiang , Nong Yuyu , Li Sainan , Liu Chunming
Published: March 2024

Accurate screening and targeted preparative isolation of active substances in natural medicines have long been two technical challenges in natural medicine research. This study outlines a new approach to improve the efficiency of natural product preparation, focusing on rapidly and accurately screening potential active ingredients in Inonotus obliquus as well as efficiently preparing 5‐lipoxidase (5‐LOX) inhibitors, to provide new ideas for the treatment of asthma with Inonotus obliquus. First, we used ultrafiltration (UF) mass spectrometry to screen for three potential inhibitors of 5‐LOX in Inonotus obliquus. Subsequently, the inhibitory effect of the active ingredients screened in the UF assay on 5‐LOX was verified using the molecular docking technique, and the potential role of the active compounds in Inonotus obliquus for the treatment of asthma was analyzed by network pharmacology. Finally, based on the above activity screening guidelines, we used semi‐preparative liquid chromatography and consecutive high‐speed countercurrent chromatography to isolate three high‐purity 5‐LOX inhibitors such as betulin, lanosterol, and quercetin. Obviously, through the above approach, we have seamlessly combined rapid discovery, screening, and centralized preparation of the active ingredient with molecular‐level interactions between the active ingredient and the protease.
Post‐COVID‐19 Fetal Cardiac Morphology and Systolic Evaluation in Infected Pregnant Women by Fetal Heart Quantification Technology
Authors: Zhu Feihu , Zhao Yueshu , Wu Juan , Wang Ming , Zhu Ziqi , Zhang Lingling
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Due to the government's liberalization of epidemic control, the current 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has started to spread widely within China. This study aimed to use the fetal heart quantification (fetal HQ) technique to assess the cardiac function and morphology of the fetuses of pregnant women diagnosed with COVID‐19 in the early stages of pregnancy.

Methods

Exactly 86 pregnant women diagnosed with COVID‐19 infection in early pregnancy (COVID‐19 group) and 90 healthy pregnant women (control group) who underwent fetal echocardiography were prospectively included in this study. The fetal HQ technique was applied to compare the differences in the global sphericity index (GSI), global strain values (GS), fractional area change (FAC), and 24‐segment fractional shortening (FS) of the left and right ventricles, between the COVID‐19 group and the control group.

Results

Compared with the control group, the differences in GS and 24‐segment FS of the left ventricle in the COVID‐19 group were not statistically significant. However, the COVID‐19 group showed lower GSI values compared with the control group (1.24 vs 1.28). FAC (48.12%) of the left ventricle and GS (−23.55%), FAC (41.74%) of the right ventricle in the COVID‐19 group were reduced compared with FAC (50.50%) of the left ventricle and GS (−27.63%), FAC (46.01%) of the right ventricle in the control group. Segmental analysis revealed reduced FS in segments 20–24 in the COVID‐19 group compared with the control group. Right ventricular GS was an independent predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome with an optimal cutoff value of −18.66%.

Conclusions

The results suggest that COVID‐19 infection in early pregnancy may have a negative impact on fetal cardiac morphology and function. Fetal HQ may offer a new assessment method for the early identification of fetal cardiac alterations in pregnant women infected with COVID‐19.