bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Torquoselective Thermal 6π‐Electrocyclization Approach to 1,4‐Cyclohexadienes via Solvent‐Aided Proton Transfer: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Saha Jayanta , Banerjee Soumadip , Malo Sidhartha , Das Abhijit Kumar , Das Indrajit
Published: January 2024

The thermal 6π‐electrocyclization of hexatriene typically delivers 1,3‐cyclohexadiene (1,3‐CHD). However, there is only limited success in directly synthesizing 1,4‐cyclohexadiene (1,4‐CHD) using such an approach, probably due to the difficulty in realizing thermally‐forbidden 1,3‐hydride shift after electrocyclic ring closure. The present study shows that by heating (2E,4E,6E)‐hexatrienes bearing ester or ketone substituents at the C1‐position in a mixture of toluene/MeOH or EtOH (2 : 1) solvents at 90–100 °C, 1,4‐CHDs can be selectively synthesized. This is achieved through a torquoselective disrotatory 6π‐electrocyclic ring closure followed by a proton‐transfer process. The success of this method depends on the polar protic solvent‐assisted intramolecular proton transfer from 1,3‐CHD to 1,4‐CHD, which has been confirmed by deuterium‐labeling experiments. There are no reports to date for such a solvent‐assisted isomerization. Density functional theory (DFT) studies have suggested that forming 1,3‐CHD and subsequent isomerization is a thermodynamically feasible process, regardless of the functional groups involved. Two possible successive polar solvent‐assisted proton‐transfer pathways have been identified for isomerization.
Multimodaler Wasserstoff‐Hub in der Innovationsregion Fessenheim
Authors: Jordan Thomas
Published: January 2024

Im Rahmen einer binationalen Machbarkeitsstudie wurden Konzepte zur Einführung nachhaltiger Technologien in der Innovationsregion Fessenheim und darauf aufbauend verschiedene Handlungsansätze für deutsch‐französische Demonstrationsprojekte entwickelt. Das übergeordnete Ziel ist die Entwicklung einer nachhaltigen und zukunftsorientierten CO2‐neutralen Wirtschaftsregion. Der Umbau von Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft hin zu einer erneuerbaren Energieversorgung und einer nachhaltigen Ressourcennutzung, verbunden mit der Schaffung von zukunftsorientierten Arbeitsplätzen, wird durch den Einsatz von Wasserstoff als Energieträger stark gefördert. Nachhaltig produzierter „grüner“ Wasserstoff ermöglicht die nahezu sofortige Substitution von fossilem Wasserstoff in industriellen Prozessen, die saisonale Speicherung von erneuerbarem Strom und die flexible und effiziente Kopplung verschiedener Energiesektoren. Die vorgeschlagenen Pilotprojekte decken die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette mit grünem Wasserstoff ab und bauen dabei auf den besonderen regionalen Eigenschaften und Gegebenheiten auf.
Greener, Safer and Better Performing Aqueous Binder for Positive Electrode Manufacturing of Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Ruochen , Pamidi Venkat , Tang Yushu , Fuchs Stefan , Stein Helge S. , Dasari Bosubabu , Zhao‐Karger Zhirong , Behara Santosh , Hu Yang , Trivedi Shivam , Anji Reddy M. , Barpanda Prabeer , Fichtner Maximilian
Published: January 2024

P2‐type cobalt‐free MnNi‐based layered oxides are promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high reversible capacity and well chemical stability. However, the phase transformations during repeated (dis)charge steps lead to rapid capacity decay and deteriorated Na+ diffusion kinetics. Moreover, the electrode manufacturing based on polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) binder system has been reported with severely defluorination issue as well as the energy intensive and expensive process due to the use of toxic and volatile N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent. It calls for designing a sustainable, better performing, and cost‐effective binder for positive electrode manufacturing. In this work, we investigated inorganic sodium metasilicate (SMS) as a viable binder in conjunction with P2‐Na0.67Mn0.55Ni0.25Fe0.1Ti0.1O2 (NMNFT) cathode material for SIBs. The NMNFT‐SMS electrode delivered a superior electrochemical performance compared to carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) and PVDF based electrodes with a reversible capacity of ~161 mAh/g and retaining ~83 % after 200 cycles. Lower cell impedance and faster Na+ diffusion was also observed in this binder system. Meanwhile, with the assistance of TEM technique, SMS is suggested to form a uniform and stable nanoscale layer over the cathode particle surface, protecting the particle from exfoliation/cracking due to electrolyte attack. It effectively maintained the electrode connectivity and suppressed early phase transitions during cycling as confirmed by operando XRD study. With these findings, SMS binder can be proposed as a powerful multifunctional binder to enable positive electrode manufacturing of SIBs and to overall reduce battery manufacturing costs.
OMIP‐100: A flow cytometry panel to investigate human neutrophil subsets
Authors: Schofield Craig J. , Tirouvanziam Rabindra , Garratt Luke W.
Published: January 2024

This 14‐color, 13‐antibody optimized multicolor immunofluorescence panel (OMIP) was designed for deep profiling of neutrophil subsets in various types of human samples to contextualize neutrophil plasticity in a range of healthy and diseased states. Markers present in the OMIP allow the profiling of neutrophil subsets associated with ontogeny, migration, phagocytosis capacity, granule release, and immune modulation. For panel design, we ensured that the commonly available fluorophores FITC/AF488, PE, and APC were assigned to the intracellular subset marker Olfactomedin 4, the maturity and activation marker CD10, and whole blood subset marker CD177, respectively. These markers can be easily replaced without affecting the core identification of neutrophils, enabling antibodies to new neutrophil antigens of interest or for fluorescent substrates to assess different neutrophil functions to be easily explored. Panel optimization was performed on whole blood and purified neutrophils. We demonstrate applications on clinical samples (whole blood and saliva) and experimental endpoints (purified neutrophils stimulated through an in vitro transmigration assay). We hope that providing a uniform platform to analyze neutrophil plasticity in various sample types will facilitate the future understanding of neutrophil subsets in health and disease.
Short‐term outcomes of the study of refeeding to optimize inpatient gains for patients with atypical anorexia nervosa
Authors: Garber Andrea K. , Cheng Jing , Accurso Erin C. , Buckelew Sara M. , Downey Amanda E. , Le Grange Daniel , Gorrell Sasha , Kapphahn Cynthia J. , Kreiter Anna , Moscicki Anna‐Barbara , Golden Neville H.
Published: January 2024

Objective

The StRONG trial demonstrated the safety and efficacy of higher calorie refeeding (HCR) in hospitalized adolescents and young adults with malnutrition secondary to restrictive eating disorders. Here we compare refeeding outcomes in patients with atypical anorexia nervosa (atypical AN) versus anorexia nervosa (AN) and examine the impact of caloric dose.

Method

Patients were enrolled upon admission and randomized to meal‐based HCR, beginning 2000 kcal/day and advancing 200 kcal/day, or lower calorie refeeding (LCR), beginning 1400 kcal/day and advancing 200 kcal every other day. Atypical AN was defined as %median BMI (mBMI) > 85. Independent t‐tests compared groups; multivariable linear and logistic regressions examined caloric dose (kcal/kg body weight).

Results

Among n = 111, mean ± SD age was 16.5 ± 2.5 yrs; 43% had atypical AN. Compared to AN, atypical AN had slower heart rate restoration (8.7 ± 4.0 days vs. 6.5 ± 3.9 days, p = .008, Cohen's d = −.56), less weight gain (3.1 ± 5.9%mBMI vs. 5.4 ± 2.9%mBMI, p < .001, Cohen's d = .51) and greater hypomagnesemia (29% vs. 11%, p = .03, OR = 3.29). These suboptimal outcomes were predicted by insufficient caloric dose (32.4 ± 6.9 kcal/kg in atypical AN vs. 43.4 ± 9.8 kcal/kg in AN, p < .001, Cohen's d = 1.27). For every 10 kcal/kg increase, heart rate was restored 1.7 days (1.0, 2.5) faster (p < .001), weight gain was 1.6%mBMI (.8, 2.4) greater (p < .001), and hypomagnesemia odds were 70% (12, 128) lower (p = .02).

Discussion

Although HCR is more efficacious than LCR for refeeding in AN, it contributes to underfeeding in atypical AN by providing an insufficient caloric dose relative to the greater body weight in this diagnostic group.

Public significance

The StRONG trial previously demonstrated the efficacy and safety of higher calorie refeeding in patients with malnutrition due to restrictive eating disorders. Here we show that higher calorie refeeding contributes to underfeeding in patients with atypical anorexia nervosa, including poor weight gain and longer time to restore medical stability. These findings indicate these patients need more calories to support nutritional rehabilitation in hospital.
Interannual controls on riparian plant health in a dryland river
Authors: Downs Peter W. , Lambert Adam M. , Williams Jared , Braman Charles A.
Published: January 2024

Riparian zones in drylands provide important refugia for plants but depend on groundwater and thus are subject to local temporal and spatial variability in abiotic controls. In lieu of costly field‐based sampling, we used readily available data to establish site–scale interannual relationships among riparian plant health and the abiotic factors that control their water balance for a historically persistent wetland adjoining the Santa Clara River in southern California, USA. Non‐linear generalized additive model (GAM) analysis of plant health, represented using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), confirmed robust relationships among plant health and various geomorphological and hydrological factors over multi‐decadal timeframes, including years since last high‐flow event, intra‐year groundwater elevation changes and magnitude of 2‐year cumulative surface water inflows. Geomorphic controls are related to years with high flows that cause extensive scour and deposition that re‐set riparian plant communities. Relationships with dry‐season groundwater declines reflect direct plant access to sub‐surface moisture. Hydrological dependence via cumulative inflow magnitude indicates the dependency of groundwater elevations on sufficient winter recharge to prevent precipitous groundwater decline. GAMs‐based inflection point analysis of surface water inflows versus groundwater elevations confirmed that the cumulative magnitude of multi‐year inflows is critical in avoiding catastrophic groundwater declines and that large flood events drive groundwater recovery. We show that abiotic controls on plant health can be derived from readily available data and that non‐linear analysis better represents the complexity of these scalar controls. Our analysis has relevance for ecosystem management of human‐altered rivers and climate change adaptation.
Rare Earth 2‐Methyl‐3‐furoate Complexes: Effect of Steric Hindrance on Corrosion Inhibitor Properties
Authors: Vithana Vidushi P. , Guo Zhifang , Deacon Glen B. , Junk Peter C.
Published: January 2024

The preparation and characterization of six rare earth 2‐methyl‐3‐furoate (2m3fur) complexes are detailed in this study. Analysis through single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, as well as powder XRD, reveals that all six compounds belong to one of two structural groups: {[RE2(2m3fur)6(EtOH)] ⋅ H2O}n (RE=La, Ce, Pr) and [RE3(2m3fur)9]n (RE=Y, Er, Yb). These structural groups feature carboxylate coordinated linear polymers. The former complexes have two distinct metal centers, one ten coordinate and one nine, with lattice water participating in a hydrogen bond with coordinated ethanol. The latter structures, involving erbium, ytterbium, and yttrium, have three unique metal centers: two eight coordinate, and one seven‐coordinated. In corrosion inhibition tests on mild steel in 0.01 M NaCl solution, the maximum efficiency was observed with [Y3(2m3fur)9]n at 59 %, which is less effective than yttrium 3‐furoate (90 % efficiency). The results suggest that the steric effect of the methyl group adversely affects corrosion inhibition.
Synthesis of Sulfonimidamide‐Based 1,2‐Benzothiazines by [4+2] Oxidative Annulation of Sulfonimidamides and Alkynes in Water under Visible Light
Authors: Natarajan K. , Ravindra S. , Padma Priya V. R. , Kataria Ramesh , Chandra Nandi Ganesh
Published: January 2024

Herein, we disclose a visible‐light‐induced rhodium‐catalyzed oxidative C−H/N−H bond activation of sulfonimidamides (SIAs) and subsequent [4+2] annulation with an alkyne in water to yield SIA‐based 1,2‐benzothiazines in good to high yields in short reaction times. Further, the C=C bond of the benzothiazine can be cleaved under environmentally friendly conditions (oxygen atmosphere and blue LEDs) to deliver o‐acyl‐N‐acyl SIAs. Interestingly, o‐acyl‐N‐acyl SIAs can also be synthesized directly from SIAs in very good yields without isolating the benzothiazine. The selective and efficient reduction of the benzothiazine C=C bond in the presence of InCl3/R3SiH led to the formation of a hitherto unknown SIA‐based dihydro‐1,2‐benzothiazine in quantitative yield.
Detection of distributed denial of service attack using enhanced adaptive deep dilated ensemble with hybrid meta‐heuristic approach
Authors: Aliar Ahamed Ali Samsu , Gowri V. , Abins A. Arockia
Published: January 2024

The biggest firms throughout the world now are the ones that offer services in the cloud. One of the top problems for cloud users (CUs) and cloud service providers (CSPs) is the availability of cloud‐based services whenever needed. A distributed denial of service (DDoS) assault has been a significant threat to the security of the system in recent years. DDoS defense and detection of these attacks have become hot topics of research for academia and business. However, most approaches cannot accomplish efficient detection outcomes with few false alarms. As a result, minimizing the consequences of DDoS attacks allows CSPs to offer CUs high‐quality services. In the cloud sector, a collective deep structured algorithm is suggested to identify DDoS attacks successfully. The recommended method contains several stages: data acquisition, pre‐processing, optimal feature detection, and selection. The first step is the acquisition of data using the help of publicly available sources. Further, the input data undergoes preprocessing. Consequently, the optimal weighted feature selection takes place on the preprocessed data, where the optimization is done with the aid of the Hybrid Border Collie and Dragonfly Algorithm (HBCDA). Finally, DDoS attack detection is achieved via a novel method known as adaptive deep dilated ensemble (ADDE), which includes, one‐dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN), deep temporal convolutional neural network (DTCNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), and bidirectional long short‐term memory (Bi‐LSTM). For the attainment of optimal results, the parameter tuning is accomplished by using the HBCDA approach. The detection outcome is computed by using the fuzzy ranking mechanism. The validation is done for the suggested method model, and its corresponding findings are validated with conventional techniques. Hence, the suggested approach outperforms the detection performance and ensures more efficiency than traditional approaches.
Deep reinforcement learning‐based joint task offloading and resource allocation in multipath transmission vehicular networks
Authors: Yin Chenyang , Zhang Yuyang , Dong Ping , Zhang Hongke
Published: January 2024

Mobile edge computing (MEC) is increasingly being applied to task computation with the continuing increase of computing‐intensive applications in vehicular networks. The MEC can offload the tasks generated by the vehicle to the MEC server to mitigate the computational constraints on the mobile vehicle. However, most task offloading algorithms can not cope with the dynamic distribution of vehicles in vehicular networks. Moreover, most task offloading algorithms do not consider vehicular networks using multipath transmission schemes. Therefore, it remains a challenge to implement efficient joint task offloading and resource allocation (JTORA) algorithms in multipath transmission vehicular networks. In this paper, we introduce a novel cooperative transmission network architecture in multipath transmission vehicular networks. The computational tasks generated by the vehicles can be offloaded to MEC servers deployed near the base station or to cloud servers via multipath transmission. We formulate the task offloading and resource allocation problem as a multi‐objective optimization problem in a multipath transmission vehicular network. To achieve efficient task offloading and resource allocation under cooperative transmission network architecture, we propose a JTORA algorithm for multipath transmission vehicular networks based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). JTORA converts the optimization problem into a DRL model and obtains a specific optimization policy through model training. Simulation results show that JTORA achieves lower average task delay and lower average task cost than other traditional heuristic algorithms.
Factors driving the acceptance of genetically modified food crops in Ghana
Authors: Ogwu Matthew Chidozie , Thompson Onah Peter , Kosoe Enoch Akwasi , Mumuni Eliasu , Akolgo‐Azupogo Helen , Obahiagbon Ebiuwa Gladys , Izah Sylvester Chibueze , Imarhiagbe Odoligie
Published: January 2024

Crops produced using recombinant DNA technology have invaluable food security roles but are not broadly accepted. Food insecurity affects between 45% and 50% of the Ghanaian populace, while the debate to adopt, accept, use, and commercialize genetically modified (GM) crops is ongoing. In this study, a choice‐based conjoint experimental design was adopted to investigate factors driving the acceptance or rejection of GM crops in Ghana. Results from average marginal component effect estimation suggest that safety concern is the major driver for accepting or rejecting GM crops. This was further confirmed using predicted probabilities and marginal means estimation of community acceptance especially when it possesses certain attributes. The safer the GM crop is perceived for human consumption, health, and environment, the more likely the Ghanaian populace will accept it. In addition, yield and taste were observed to be other key driving factors to accept GM crops. Importantly, the country of patency was also observed to be a critical driving factor for whether or not a GM crop is accepted in Ghana. There is a need for active and greater engagement with the Ghanaian populace to put proper legislation, regulations, policies, and knowledge co‐creation process to ensure the proper use of GM crops.
Effect of tea polyphenols as an antioxidant on pork for frying at different temperatures and times
Authors: Fan WeiJiang , Du GuoHui , Zhang XueNa , Wang ShuQing , Long FeiHong , Li Chao , Jiang NingPeng , Zhang Yinglong , Sun Qiang
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of frying on the antioxidant properties of tea phenols added to pork. The antioxidant capacity of tea polyphenols with different concentrations was tested using different assays including total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) (FRAP method), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical scavenging, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐(2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. Our results indicated that tea polyphenols have a great antioxidant capacity and that a high frying temperature causes fat oxidation. Our study confirmed that DPPH assay is more suited to lipophilic compounds or compounds with high lipid content. In a frying temperature of 180°C, the DPPH‐free radical scavenging ability of pork was not decreased. Further experiments remain necessary to explore specific temperatures with the same results. This study provides new process parameters and new references for processing techniques of healthy and high‐quality pork products.
Probable effects of polypharmacy and equivalent doses of psychotropic drugs on prevalence of adverse drug events among psychiatric inpatients in a general hospital in Japan
Authors: Aoyama Keisuke , Tachi Tomoya , Kubo Satoaki , Koyama Aisa , Watanabe Mayuko , Aoyama Satoshi , Noguchi Yoshihiro , Tanaka Kazuhide , Yasuda Masahiro , Shibata Akihiko , Mizui Takashi , Teramachi Hitomi
Published: January 2024

Objective

In psychiatry, polypharmacy or high psychotropic drug doses increase adverse drug event (ADE) prevalence. However, the full relationship between polypharmacy and ADEs is unclear, and few studies have evaluated dose equivalents for psychotropic drugs for ADEs. Thus, we conducted a retrospective analysis to clarify the effects of polypharmacy and chlorpromazine (CP)‐, diazepam (DAP)‐, and imipramine‐ equivalent doses on all ADEs in inpatients.

Methods

Psychiatric inpatients in a Japanese hospital from April 1, 2016 to March 31, 2018, were enrolled. ADE severity and causality were assessed. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate ADE risk factors.

Results

Among 462 patients analyzed, out of 471 patients enrolled, 145 (31.4%) experienced ADEs. The causality assessment determined that “possible” was 96.5%. The most common ADEs were nervous system disorders (35%). Multiple logistic regression analyses indicated an increase in ADE prevalence with the number of drugs used (≥5; p = 0.026); CP‐equivalent dose (p = 0.048); and endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic disorders (p = 0.045). DAP‐equivalent dose; infectious and parasitic diseases; and injury, poisoning, and consequences of other external causes decreased ADE prevalence (p = 0.047, 0.022, and 0.021, respectively).

Conclusions

Avoiding polypharmacy in psychiatric inpatients and adjusting drug regimens to safe equivalent doses could reduce ADEs during hospitalization.
The feasibility of remote measurement of infant sleep and motor development
Authors: DeMasi Aaron , Waugh Mali , Wang Wei , Berger Sarah E.
Published: January 2024

In response to the COVID‐19 pandemic shut‐down of in‐person research laboratories, remote data collection became mainstream in developmental psychology research. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of two remote data collection methods for studying sleep and motor development in infancy and the relationship between the two. We asked 1371 parents of infants aged 4–17 months who used the Nanit baby monitor to take the online Survey of Well‐being of Young Children (SWYC) about their infants' motor experience. Nanit uses auto‐videosomnography and computer vision algorithms to calculate and report summary statistics of infants' sleep. Nanit replicated all expected developmental trends in sleep, while the SWYC only replicated some, appearing to underestimate infants at the transition between motor milestones. However, we replicated some well‐established findings regarding the relationship between sleep and motor development using both measures, suggesting that both Nanit and the SWYC can feasibly be used for remote data collection, especially if some modifications were made to how researchers explained using the SWYC to caregivers. Researchers should consider alternatives to traditional research methods not only when in‐person participation is difficult or impossible, but also when large samples are needed and/or simple measurement tools are sufficient.
Attenuated cell cycle and DNA damage response transcriptome signatures and overrepresented cell adhesion processes imply accelerated progression in patients with lower‐risk myelodysplastic neoplasms
Authors: Kaisrlikova Monika , Kundrat David , Koralkova Pavla , Trsova Iva , Lenertova Zuzana , Votavova Hana , Merkerova Michaela Dostalova , Krejcik Zdenek , Vesela Jitka , Vostry Martin , Simeckova Radka , Markova Marketa Stastna , Lauermannova Marie , Jonasova Anna , Cermak Jaroslav , Divoky Vladimir , Belickova Monika
Published: January 2024

Patients with myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are classified according to the risk of acute myeloid leukemia transformation. Some lower‐risk MDS patients (LR‐MDS) progress rapidly despite expected good prognosis. Using diagnostic samples, we aimed to uncover the mechanisms of this accelerated progression at the transcriptome level. RNAseq was performed on CD34+ ribodepleted RNA samples from 53 LR‐MDS patients without accelerated progression (stMDS) and 8 who progressed within 20 months (prMDS); 845 genes were differentially expressed (ІlogFCІ > 1, FDR < 0.01) between these groups. stMDS CD34+ cells exhibited transcriptional signatures of actively cycling, megakaryocyte/erythrocyte lineage‐primed progenitors, with upregulation of cell cycle checkpoints and stress pathways, which presumably form a tumor‐suppressing barrier. Conversely, cell cycle, DNA damage response (DDR) and energy metabolism‐related pathways were downregulated in prMDS samples, whereas cell adhesion processes were upregulated. Also, prMDS samples showed high levels of aberrant splicing and global lncRNA expression that may contribute to the attenuation of DDR pathways. We observed overexpression of multiple oncogenes and diminished differentiation in prMDS; the expression of ZEB1 and NEK3, genes not previously associated with MDS prognosis, might serve as potential biomarkers for LR‐MDS progression. Our 19‐gene DDR signature showed a significant predictive power for LR‐MDS progression. In validation samples (stMDS = 3, prMDS = 4), the key markers and signatures retained their significance. Collectively, accelerated progression of LR‐MDS appears to be associated with transcriptome patterns of a quiescent‐like cell state, reduced lineage differentiation and suppressed DDR, inherent to CD34+ cells. The attenuation of DDR‐related gene‐expression signature may refine risk assessment in LR‐MDS patients.
Triboelectric gait sensing analysis system for self‐powered IoT‐based human motion monitoring
Authors: Zhao Leilei , Guo Xiao , Pan Yusen , Jia Shouchuang , Liu Liqiang , Daoud Walid A. , Poechmueller Peter , Yang Xiya
Published: January 2024

Quantitative analysis of gait parameters, such as stride frequency and step speed, is essential for optimizing physical exercise for the human body. However, the current electronic sensors used in human motion monitoring remain constrained by factors such as battery life and accuracy. This study developed a self‐powered gait analysis system (SGAS) based on a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) fabricated electrospun composite nanofibers for motion monitoring and gait analysis for regulating exercise programs. The SGAS consists of a sensing module, a charging module, a data acquisition and processing module, and an Internet of Things (IoT) platform. Within the sensing module, two specialized sensing units, TENG‐S1 and TENG‐S2, are positioned at the forefoot and heel to generate synchronized signals in tandem with the user's footsteps. These signals are instrumental for real‐time step count and step speed monitoring. The output of the two TENG units is significantly improved by systematically investigating and optimizing the electrospun composite nanofibers' composition, strength, and wear resistance. Additionally, a charge amplifier circuit is implemented to process the raw voltage signal, consequently bolstering the reliability of the sensing signal. This refined data is then ready for further reading and calculation by the micro‐controller unit (MCU) during the signal transmission process. Finally, the well‐conditioned signals are wirelessly transmitted to the IoT platform for data analysis, storage, and visualization, enhancing human motion monitoring.

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Finite element analysis of vertebroplasty in the osteoporotic T11‐L1 vertebral body: Effects of bone cement formulation
Authors: Mondal Subrata , MacManus David B. , Banche‐Niclot Federica , Vitale‐Brovarone Chiara , Fiorilli Sonia , McCarthy Helen O. , Dunne Nicholas
Published: January 2024

Vertebral compression fractures are one of the most severe clinical consequences of osteoporosis and the most common fragility fracture afflicting 570 and 1070 out of 100,000 men and women worldwide, respectively. Vertebroplasty (VP), a minimally invasive surgical procedure that involves the percutaneous injection of bone cement, is one of the most efficacious methods to stabilise osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. However, postoperative fracture has been observed in up to 30% of patients following VP. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of different injectable bone cement formulations on the stress distribution within the vertebrae and intervertebral discs due to VP and consequently recommend the optimal cement formulation. To achieve this, a 3D finite element (FE) model of the T11‐L1 vertebral body was developed from computed tomography scan data of the spine. Osteoporotic bone was modeled by reducing the Young's modulus by 20% in the cortical bone and 74% in cancellous bone. The FE model was subjected to different physiological movements, such as extension, flexion, bending, and compression. The osteoporotic model caused a reduction in the average von Mises stress compared with the normal model in the T12 cancellous bone and an increment in the average von Mises stress value at the T12 cortical bone. The effects of VP using different formulations of a novel injectable bone cement were modeled by replacing a region of T12 cancellous bone with the materials. Due to the injection of the bone cement at the T12 vertebra, the average von Mises stresses on cancellous bone increased and slightly decreased on the cortical bone under all loading conditions. The novel class of bone cements investigated herein demonstrated an effective restoration of stress distribution to physiological levels within treated vertebrae, which could offer a potential superior alternative for VP surgery as their anti‐osteoclastogenic properties could further enhance the appeal of their fracture treatment and may contribute to improved patient recovery and long‐term well‐being.
Bone regeneration with hydroxyapatite particles loaded in photo‐cross‐linkable hydrogel: An experimental study
Authors: Li Yu‐si , Guo Shan‐lin , Choi Julian , Zeng Jia‐hao , Zhang Jing‐wen , Zhao Fang‐bing , Liu Chun‐dong , Shen Xiao‐Qing , Geng Yuan‐Ming
Published: January 2024

This study explores the use of in situ cross‐linked hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HAMA) and hydroxyapatite particles (HAP) for bone defect repair. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) were isolated and co‐cultured with the HAMA‐HAP composite. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated using Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity quantification, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A cranial defect was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats. This defect was then filled with the HAMA‐HAP composite and cross‐linked using UV light exposure. Bone formation was assessed through radiographic and histological analyses. The HAMA‐HAP composite was found to promote cell viability similarly to pure HAP. It also enhanced gene expression of ALP, OPN, and Runx2, and increased ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation in vitro. Micro‐CT scans showed defect restoration in the HAMA‐HAP and HAP groups compared to the control group. The HAMA‐HAP group exhibited higher Tb.N, Tb.Sp, Tb.Th, and BV/TV. Masson staining showed the HAMA‐HAP composite restored the defect site, with new bone formation thicker than in the HAP group. The HAMA‐HAP composite showed excellent biocompatibility and promoted osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. It effectively repaired cranial defects, indicating its potential for clinical use in bone defect repair.
A randomized controlled pilot trial of anakinra and pioglitazone for protein metabolism in patients on maintenance haemodialysis
Authors: Ertuglu Lale A. , Deger Serpil Muge , Alsouqi Aseel , Hung Adriana , Gamboa Jorge , Mambungu Cindy , Sha Feng , Siew Edward , Abumrad Naji N. , Ikizler T. Alp
Published: January 2024

Background

Chronic inflammation and insulin resistance are highly prevalent in patients on maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) and are strongly associated with protein energy wasting. We conducted a pilot, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of recombinant human interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) and pioglitazone to explore the safety, feasibility and efficacy for insulin‐mediated protein metabolism in patients undergoing MHD.

Methods

Twenty‐four patients were randomized to receive IL‐1ra, pioglitazone or placebo for 12 weeks. Changes in serum inflammatory markers and insulin‐mediated protein synthesis, breakdown and net balance in the whole‐body and skeletal muscle compartments were assessed using hyperinsulinaemic–hyperaminoacidemic clamp technique at baseline and Week 12.

Results

Among 24 patients, median (interquartile range) age was 51 (40, 61), 79% were African American and 21% had diabetes mellitus. All patients initiated on intervention completed the study, and no serious adverse events were observed. There was a statistically significant decrease in serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein in the pioglitazone group compared with placebo, but not in the IL‐1ra group. No significant differences in the changes of whole‐body or skeletal muscle protein synthesis, breakdown and net balance were found between the groups.

Conclusions

In this pilot study, there were no statistically significant effects of 12 weeks of IL‐1ra or pioglitazone on protein metabolism in patients on MHD.

Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT02278562.
See something, say something: the coroner's perspective
Authors: Lee Kristal , Tapia Kriscia , Suleiman Mo'ayyad E. , Ekpo Ernest
Published: January 2024

The communicating safely policy, publicised by the catchphrase See Something, Say Something was released by the Medical Radiation Practice Board of Australia in 2019. It was developed to support medical radiation practitioners (MRPs) upholding the obligation to communicate urgent or unexpected findings in a timely manner, when identified on medical images. Prior to this policy being part of the professional capabilities, several untimely deaths occurred—the majority of whose causal factors could have been mitigated if imaging findings were urgently communicated by MRPs. This commentary summarises three coronial inquests that involved MRPs, discusses how these coronial findings are reflected in the communicating safely policy and provides some recommendations for the profession to ensure this policy is enacted in clinical practice.
CRISPR‐Cas system: A promising tool for rapid detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Kuo , Lin Guigao , Li Jinming
Published: January 2024

COVID‐19, caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, remains a global health crisis. The emergence of multiple variants with enhanced characteristics necessitates their detection and monitoring. Genome sequencing, the gold standard, faces implementation challenges due to complexity, cost, and limited throughput. The CRISPR‐Cas system offers promising potential for rapid variant detection, with advantages such as speed, sensitivity, specificity, and programmability. This review provides an in‐depth examination of the applications of CRISPR‐Cas in mutation detection specifically for SARS‐CoV‐2. It begins by introducing SARS‐CoV‐2 and existing variant detection platforms. The principles of the CRISPR‐Cas system are then clarified, followed by an exploration of three CRISPR‐Cas‐based mutation detection platforms, which are evaluated from different perspectives. The review discusses strategies for mutation site selection and the utilization of CRISPR‐Cas, offering valuable insights for the development of mutation detection methods. Furthermore, a critical analysis of the clinical applications, advantages, disadvantages, challenges, and prospects of the CRISPR‐Cas system is provided.
Investigating gendered reactions to manager mistreatment: Testing the presumed role of prescriptive stereotypes
Authors: Mu Frank , Shen Winny , Bobocel D. Ramona , Barron Amy H.
Published: January 2024

Emerging research demonstrates that female managers who mistreat their subordinates suffer more severe negative consequences than male managers. Researchers presume this is because women (but not men) are penalized for acting incongruently with communality prescriptions (i.e., being insufficiently kind). However, integrating this work with the broader literature on gender and leadership, gendered reactions to mistreatment could also—or alternatively—be explained by incongruence with high agency proscriptions (i.e., being too dominant). We model these mechanisms simultaneously in a moderated mediation model across three studies, and find that employees are less trusting of female than male managers because they interpret interpersonal justice violations from women as incongruent with low agency prescriptions. Our results challenge a prevailing assumption in the mistreatment literature by revealing that female managers suffer more severe relational consequences than male managers because their violation of interpersonal justice is construed as excessively agentic, whereas these behaviors are viewed as similarly contravening communality for both male and female managers. By directly testing and correctly specifying the mechanism through which manager gender can shape social exchange processes in the aftermath of manager mistreatment, our studies have scientific and practical implications.
Complementary feeding in infants born preterm: Aspects needing improvement
Authors: Meneghelli Marta , Toniazzo Silvia , Priante Elena , Cavicchiolo Maria Elena , De Terlizzi Francesca , Gaio Paola , Spinella Paolo , Verlato Giovanna
Published: January 2024

Objective

The aim of our study was to collect data on complementary feeding (CF) in preterm infants (PIs).

Methods

We enrolled PI ≤ 34 weeks of gestational age discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the University Hospital of Padova. At 12 months of corrected age (CA), CF was investigated with questionnaires to the parents and a 24‐h dietary recall. In a subgroup of newborns, we also evaluated bone status at a CA of 12 months using quantitative ultrasound.

Results

We studied 167 ex PI at 1 year of CA. CF was introduced in 67.1% of them between 5 and 8 months of chronological age, with fruit as the first food (81%, n = 136). Sweet drinks were consumed by 17.4% of our sample, and salt was added in 33.5% of cases. PIs, at 1 year CA, introduced extra energy compared to the theoretical requirement (121 ± 31 kcal/kg/day) and higher protein intake than recommended (39 ± 11 g/day), while the intake of both total lipids and carbohydrates was slightly lower. Vitamins and minerals were adequate, except vitamin D. Regarding bone status, we found a correlation between vitamin D intakes from the diet and bone parameters (metacarpus‐bone transmission time: r = 0.36, p = 0.01) at 1 year of CA.

Conclusions

Our population of PIs started CF in agreement with current suggestions though with a notable heterogeneity and with some mistakes. Vitamin D intake was correlated with bone status at 1 year of CA.
CircFN1 promotes acute myeloid leukemia cell proliferation and invasion but refrains apoptosis via miR‐1294/ARHGEF10L axis
Authors: Wang Sheng , Zhang Bang‐Shuo , Yang Yi , Fu Lin‐Lin
Published: January 2024

Previous studies have proved circFN1 is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and AML cell lines. This study aims to investigate the impact of circFN1 on AML and its mechanism. Via real‐time quantitative PCR to detect circFN1, miR‐1294, ARHGEF10L expressions in clinical plasma samples and AML cell lines, AML cells were cultured in vitro and transfected with si‐circFN1, pcDNA3.1‐circFN1, and si‐ARHGEF10L, respectively, or co‐transfected pcDNA3.1‐circFN1 + miR‐1294 mimic and pcDNA3.1‐circFN1 + si‐ARHGEF10L. Using dual luciferase reporter experiment to detect the relationship between circFN1 and miR‐1294, as well as miR‐1294 and ARHGEF10L. CCK‐8 was used to detect cell proliferation, Transwell to cell invasion, TUNEL staining and flow cytometry to detect cell apoptosis, RT‐qPCR to circFN1 RNA, miR‐1294, and ARHGEF10L expression levels in HL‐60 cells, and western blot to ARHGEF10L protein expression level in HL‐60 cells. We found highly expressed circFN1 and ARHGEF10L, as well as low‐expressed miR‐1294 in AML patients and AML cell lines. In contrast to si‐NC group, si‐circFN1 group could signally inhibit HL‐60 cell proliferation and migration, but promote cell apoptosis; compared with mimic NC group, miR‐1294 mimic group could visually inhibit HL‐60 cell proliferation and migration, but promote cell apoptosis. miR‐1294 was the target of circFN1, and ARHGEF10L was the target of miR‐1294. Over‐expressing miR‐1294 or silencing ARHGEF10L could signally inhibit circFN1 promoting HL‐60 cell proliferation and migration and repressing cell apoptosis. circFN1 promotes proliferation and invasion of AML cell and represses cell apoptosis via regulating miR‐1294/ARHGEF10L axis, which provides new insight for molecular targeted‐treatment for AML.
A regime shift between soil moisture and temperature in the 1950s over the permafrost region of Northeast China
Authors: Li Qiang , Liu Yu , Wang Lu , Pang Wenxuan , Zhang Xuechen , Xu Ling , Song Huiming , Guo Wei , Sun Changfeng , Cai Qiufang , Ren Meng , Cheng Hai
Published: January 2024

Permafrost is one of the essential carbon pools in the world. Due to limited studies on historical soil moisture changes and the coupling relationship between soil moisture and temperature in permafrost regions, significant uncertainty exists in the carbon loss in permafrost predicted by different models under global warming scenarios. Based on the tree‐ring width chronology of Pinus sylvestris var. mongholica Litv. growing in the southern edge of the Eurasian continuous permafrost zone, we reconstructed the summer (June–September) 0–1 m soil moisture variations from 1705 to 2009, which could explain 45.6% of the variance in the observed soil moisture. Overall, local precipitation and temperature exhibited statistically significant positive feedback (p < 0.001) to soil moisture before the 1950s, indicating that the warm/humid climate pattern was conducive to soil moisture conservation before the Anthropocene Epoch. However, the effect of temperature on soil moisture has shifted suddenly to negative since the 1950s, implying that the positive soil moisture‐temperature relationship during the past three centuries has been disrupted by the unprecedented warming in the Modern Warm Period. Furthermore, we found that the temporal relationship of the soil moisture‐temperature (15‐year sliding correlation) in the study area is negatively regulated by the global mean temperature variations (p < 0.01). The regime shift between soil moisture and temperature might be attributed to the superimposed influence of natural and anthropogenic factors since the 1950s. Although the warming leads to the melting of the permafrost layer, and thus the increase in soil moisture content, the enhanced evapotranspiration caused by warming up results in more water loss and drier soil. This study provides historical evidence of shifted soil moisture‐temperature coupling in the permafrost zone, warning that soil moisture in the permafrost region may further decline under global warming scenarios, thereby affecting vegetation growth and forest carbon sequestration potential.
Second regularized trace of a differential operator of Sturm–Liouville type
Authors: Gül Erdal , Karayel Serpil
Published: January 2024

We consider a Sturm–Liouville‐type differential operator defined on a separable Hilbert space with bounded operator coefficient and periodic boundary conditions given on a finite interval. We obtain an explicit formula which we call the second regularized trace formula of the mentioned operator.
Mechanical behavior of the polyamide 6.6 nanofiber and MWCNT‐reinforced hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Gunoz Alper , Kara Memduh
Published: January 2024

The present study examines the influence of polyamide 6.6 (PA 6.6) nanofiber and MWCNTs reinforcements on the mechanical behavior of nanocomposite plates formed by hybridization of carbon fabric (CF) and kevlar fabric (KF). First, PA 6.6 nanofibers were manufactured by electrospinning. The produced nanofibers were placed in the interlaminar of nanocomposite plates. PA 6.6 nanofiber and MWCNT‐reinforced nanocomposite plates consisting of 12 layers were produced by the vacuum bagging method. Tensile, Mode‐II fracture and bending tests were applied to the produced composite plates in accordance with the standards. After the mechanical tests, the nanocomposite plates' macro and micro damage analysis was performed. As a result of the reinforcement of PA 6.6, MWCNTs and PA 6.6‐MWCNTs, the tensile strength, interlaminar fracture toughness and bending strength of the nanocomposite plates significantly enhanced compared to unreinforced samples. In addition, interlaminar crack propagation in reinforced samples became more stable than in the unreinforced sample.

Highlights

Investigated the impact of PA 6.6 nanofiber and MWCNT reinforcements on nanocomposite plates formed through CF and KF hybridization.

Reinforcement with PA 6.6, MWCNTs, and PA 6.6‐MWCNTs significantly improved tensile strength, interlaminar fracture toughness, and bending strength.

Mode‐II interlaminar fracture toughness tests demonstrated enhanced crack propagation stability with PA 6.6 nanofiber and MWCNT reinforcements.
Registration of ‘Espresso’ lowland switchgrass
Authors: Rushing J. Brett , Baldwin Brian S. , Morrison Jesse I.
Published: January 2024

‘Espresso’ (Reg. no. CV‐293, PI 687202) is a lowland ecotype (Gulf sub‐population) of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) developed and released by Mississippi State University and the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. Espresso was developed from seven cycles of phenotypic recurrent selection for rapid seed germination without stratification. All cycles of selection were made using seed harvested from open‐pollinated isolation blocks containing approximately 100 mother plants. Germination was assessed in laboratory conditions for 15 years, culminating in 2 years of field‐based germination and emergence evaluation at five locations across Mississippi. Over a 2‐year period, germination and emergence of Espresso was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than seed from ‘Alamo’ and ‘Kanlow’. Field testing revealed Espresso as having significantly (P < 0.05) greater establishment success (mean number of seedlings per linear 30 cm) when compared to Alamo. Espresso was released based on the need for southeastern US‐adapted germplasm that possesses enhanced germination characteristics.
Registration of ‘FSA1602’ St. Augustinegrass
Authors: Kenworthy Kevin , Quesenberry Kenneth , Aldrich Kendall , Buhlman Jamie , Rios Esteban , Unruh Bryan , Harmon Philip , Dale Adam , Milla‐Lewis Susana , Schwartz Brian , Raymer Paul , Chandra Ambika , Wu Yanqi , Zhang Jing , Wherley Ben , Martin Dennis , Moss Justin , Fontainier Charles , Miller Grady
Published: January 2024

‘FSA1602’ (Reg. no. CV‐294, PI 704119) hybrid St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze] was developed and released by the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Florida, in 2018. FSA1602 has a distinct olive blue‐green color and high levels of resistance to gray leaf spot, take‐all root rot, and excellent shade tolerance and turfgrass quality (TQ). It is targeted for use in residential and commercial lawns in the southern United States. FSA1602 has coarse textured leaves similar in width to ‘Floratam’ and leaf lengths similar to ‘SS‐100’ (Palmetto) but shorter than Floratam. FSA1602 stolon width is larger than Floratam or Palmetto but has a mean stolon internode length shorter than either Floratam or Palmetto. It produces a dense turfgrass with high TQ that is similar to or better than Floratam and with less winter kill than Floratam, which is the most widely used St. Augustinegrass for lawns in Florida.