bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of inflammation and nutritional index in immunotherapy for stage IV non-small cell lung cancer and model construction
Authors: Lei Wenqian , Wang Wei , Qin Shixiang , Yao Weirong
Published: July 2024

Identifying individuals poised to gain from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies is a pivotal element in the realm of tailored healthcare. The expression level of Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been linked to the response to ICI therapy, but its assessment typically requires substantial tumor tissue, which can be challenging to obtain. In contrast, blood samples are more feasible for clinical application. A number of promising peripheral biomarkers have been proposed to overcome this hurdle. This research aims to evaluate the prognostic utility of the albumin-to-lactate dehydrogenase ratio (LAR), the Pan-immune-inflammation Value (PIV), and the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) in predicting the response to ICI therapy in individuals with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Furthermore, the study seeks to construct a predictive nomogram that includes these markers to facilitate the selection of patients with a higher likelihood of benefiting from ICI therapy. A research initiative scrutinized the treatment records of 157 advanced NSCLC patients who received ICI therapy across two Jiangxi medical centers. The cohort from Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital (comprising 108 patients) was utilized for the training dataset, while the contingent from Jiangxi Cancer Hospital (49 patients) served for validation purposes. Stratification was based on established LAR, PIV, and PNI benchmarks to explore associations with DCR and ORR metrics. Factorial influences on ICI treatment success were discerned through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, a Nomogram was devised to forecast outcomes, its precision gauged by ROC and calibration curves, DCA analysis, and cross-institutional validation. In the training group, the optimal threshold values for LAR, PIV, and PNI were identified as 5.205, 297.49, and 44.6, respectively. Based on these thresholds, LAR, PIV, and PNI were categorized into high (≥ Cut-off) and low (< Cut-off) groups. Patients with low LAR (L-LAR), low PIV (L-PIV), and high PNI (H-PNI) exhibited a higher disease control rate (DCR) (P < 0.05) and longer median progression-free survival (PFS) (P < 0.05). Cox multivariate analysis indicated that PS, malignant pleural effusion, liver metastasis, high PIV (H-PIV), and low PNI (L-PNI) were risk factors adversely affecting the efficacy of immunotherapy (P < 0.05). The Nomogram model predicted a concordance index (C-index) of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.73–0.84). The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for the training group at 6, 9, and 12 months were 0.900, 0.869, and 0.866, respectively, while the AUCs for the external validation group at the same time points were 0.800, 0.886, and 0.801, respectively. Throughout immunotherapy, PIV and PNI could act as prospective indicators for forecasting treatment success in NSCLC patients, while the devised Nomogram model exhibits strong predictive performance for patient prognoses.
Application of hybridized ensemble learning and equilibrium optimization in estimating damping ratios of municipal solid waste
Authors: Moradi Moghaddam Hossein , Keramati Mohsen , Bahrami Alireza , Ghanizadeh Ali Reza , Amlashi Amir Tavana , Isleem Haytham F. , Navazani Mohsen , Dessouky Samer
Published: July 2024

The dynamic analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) is essential for optimizing landfills and advancing sustainable development goals. Assessing damping ratio (D), a critical dynamic parameter, under laboratory conditions is costly and time-consuming, requiring specialized equipment and expertise. To streamline this process, this research leveraged several novel ensemble machine learning models integrated with the equilibrium optimizer algorithm (EOA) for the predictive analysis of damping characteristics. Data were gathered from 153 cyclic triaxial experiments on MSW, which examined the age, shear strain, weight, frequency, and percentage of plastic content. Analysis of a correlation heatmap indicated a significant dependence of D on shear strain within the collected MSW data. Subsequently, five advanced machine learning methods—adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), and cubist regression—were employed to model D in landfill structures. Among these, the GBRT-EOA model demonstrated superior performance, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.898, root mean square error of 1.659, mean absolute error of 1.194, mean absolute percentage error of 0.095, and an a20-index of 0.891 for the test data. A Shapley additive explanation analysis was conducted to validate these models further, revealing the relative contributions of each studied variable to the predicted D-MSW. This holistic approach not only enhances the understanding of MSW dynamics but also aids in the efficient design and management of landfill systems.
Ego-depletion and motor skill performance under pressure—experimental effects of a short term virtual-reality based mindfulness breathing meditation with integrated biofeedback
Authors: Wagner Matthias , Wieczorek Alissa
Published: July 2024

Ego-depletion describes a state of mind, where the capacity for self-control is temporarily depleted after a primary self-control action. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a brief virtual reality-based mindfulness breathing meditation with integrated biofeedback can be considered an effective strategy to counteract the detrimental effects of ego depletion on motor skill performance under pressure. The study included two experiments, each of them designed as counterbalanced cross-over trials and based on an a priori sample-size calculation. Within each experiment, participants completed two appointments in a randomly assigned order, during which they were asked to perform 20 basketball free throws (N = 18; Experiment 1) or 20 penalty kicks at a football goal in four target squares (N = 16; Experiment 2) under pressure pre and post the following conditions: Stroop-test-induced ego depletion followed by a 15 min resting break, Stroop-test-induced ego depletion followed by a 15 min virtual reality-based mindfulness breathing meditation with integrated biofeedback. Results indicate that, in comparison to a resting break, a brief virtual reality-based mindfulness meditation with integrated biofeedback can counteract the detrimental effects of ego-depletion (Experiment 2) and enhance motor skill performance under pressure (Experiment 1, 2) Implications for researchers and practitioners are derived in light of the identified methodological limitations.
Refined tamoxifen administration in mice by encouraging voluntary consumption of palatable formulations
Authors: Vanhecke Dominique , Bugada Viola , Steiner Regula , Polić Bojan , Buch Thorsten
Published: July 2024

Drug administration in preclinical rodent models is essential for research and the development of novel therapies. Compassionate administration methods have been developed, but these are mostly incompatible with water-insoluble drugs such as tamoxifen or do not allow for precise timing or dosing of the drugs. For more than two decades, tamoxifen has been administered by oral gavage or injection to CreERT2–loxP gene-modified mouse models to spatiotemporally control gene expression, with the numbers of such inducible models steadily increasing in recent years. Animal-friendly procedures for accurately administering tamoxifen or other water-insoluble drugs would, therefore, have an important impact on animal welfare. On the basis of a previously published micropipette feeding protocol, we developed palatable formulations to encourage voluntary consumption of tamoxifen. We evaluated the acceptance of the new formulations by mice during training and treatment and assessed the efficacy of tamoxifen-mediated induction of CreERT2–loxP-dependent reporter genes. Both sweetened milk and syrup-based formulations encouraged mice to consume tamoxifen voluntarily, but only sweetened milk formulations were statistically noninferior to oral gavage or intraperitoneal injections in inducing CreERT2-mediated gene expression. Serum concentrations of tamoxifen metabolites, quantified using an in-house-developed cell assay, confirmed the lower efficacy of syrup- as compared to sweetened milk-based formulations. We found dosing with a micropipette to be more accurate than oral gavage or injection, with the added advantage that the method requires little training for the experimenter. The new palatable solutions encourage voluntary consumption of tamoxifen without loss of efficacy compared to oral gavage or injections and thus represent a refined administration method.
The Derlin-1-Stat5b axis maintains homeostasis of adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Authors: Murao Naoya , Matsuda Taito , Kadowaki Hisae , Matsushita Yosuke , Tanimoto Kousuke , Katagiri Toyomasa , Nakashima Kinichi , Nishitoh Hideki
Published: July 2024

Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus continuously proliferate and generate new neurons throughout life. Although various functions of organelles are closely related to the regulation of adult neurogenesis, the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related molecules in this process remains largely unexplored. Here we show that Derlin-1, an ER-associated degradation component, spatiotemporally maintains adult hippocampal neurogenesis through a mechanism distinct from its established role as an ER quality controller. Derlin-1 deficiency in the mouse central nervous system leads to the ectopic localization of newborn neurons and impairs NSC transition from active to quiescent states, resulting in early depletion of hippocampal NSCs. As a result, Derlin-1-deficient mice exhibit phenotypes of increased seizure susceptibility and cognitive dysfunction. Reduced Stat5b expression is responsible for adult neurogenesis defects in Derlin-1-deficient NSCs. Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity effectively induces Stat5b expression and restores abnormal adult neurogenesis, resulting in improved seizure susceptibility and cognitive dysfunction in Derlin-1-deficient mice. Our findings indicate that the Derlin-1-Stat5b axis is indispensable for the homeostasis of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
Quantitative measurement of cation-mediated adhesion of DNA to anionic surfaces
Authors: Hao Xian , Gu Qufei , Isborn Christine , Vasquez Jesus Rodriguez , Long Makenzie Provorse , Ye Tao
Published: July 2024

Single molecule force spectroscopy quantifies divalent-cation-mediated attraction of double-stranded DNA to an anionic self-assembled monolayer.
1,4-Dihydropyridine-based FA1 site-specific fluorescent probes for the selective detection and quantification of HSA levels in biofluids
Authors: Kanneth S. Shurooque , Saheer V. C. , Chakkumkumarath Lakshmi
Published: July 2024

4-methylene-N-alkyl dihydropyridine derivatives bind preferentially to the FA 1 site and are used to quantitatively estimate HSA levels in blood and serum.
FeS2 deposited on 3D-printed carbon microlattices as free-standing electrodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Romero Cameron , Liu Zhi , Gordon Kenneth , Lei Xiaobo , Joseph Karius , Broussard Emily , Gang Daniel , Wei Zhen , Fei Ling
Published: July 2024

We introduce 3D-printed FeS2/carbon microlattice composites as lithium-ion battery electrodes. The design allows any shape, with microchannels for ion transfer and a carbon skeleton for electron conduction.
2-Alkylphosphino-1-boraadamantanes
Authors: Hoffmann Kurt F. , Noriega Rayni P. , Boyle Paul D. , Drover Marcus W.
Published: July 2024

Boraadamantanes are a privileged class of group 13 compounds having a trigonal pyramidal (non-VSEPR) ground-state. Herein, the first examples of bifunctional boraadamantanes with an appended phosphine moiety are presented.
Creating a blue-light-excitable, ultra-broadband and relatively long-wavelength near-infrared emission in Cr3+-activated garnet by controlling cationic disorder
Authors: Li Chaojie , Zhong Jiyou
Published: July 2024

NaxCa3−2xGdxIn2Ge3O12:Cr3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.5) solid-solution materials were created by introducing cationic disorder, which exhibit a wide-range spectral tunability and an ultra-broadband spectral coverage, and simultaneously remain blue-light excitable.
Palladium-catalyzed 1,1-aminoxylation of 3-butenoic acid with 2-alkynylanilines
Authors: Zhang Jinhui , Mao Lihua , Liu Chao , Tan Xiangwen , Wu Jiahao , Wei Xuefeng , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: July 2024

A novel palladium-catalyzed 1,1-aminoxylation of 3-butenoic acid with 2-alkynylanilines has been developed.
Achieving dendrite-free growth of Zn anode by electrodepositing on zincophilic gold-furnished mesh for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Liao Siqi , Shu Tie , Yang Xin , Li Huanxiao , Ma Xiaofei , Liu Zhaohui , Zhang Yuxin , Yao Ke Xin
Published: July 2024

Here, we report a gold-furnished mesh as the current collector for Zn electrodeposition, which is used as the anode in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
A self-bonding conductive electrode triggered by water-induced structure reconfiguration
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Qin Zhouyang , Yu Lingxiao , Lian Jiabiao , Liu Junfeng , He Zhixia , Huang Zheng-Hong
Published: July 2024

This work presents a self-bonding conductive electrode triggered by water-induced structure reconfiguration.
Analysis of the piezo- and pyroelectric response of PVDF foils as fast particle detectors in pulsed supersonic jets
Authors: Saftien Paul , Lange Karsten , Christen Wolfgang
Published: July 2024

We report on a new, general-purpose particle detector consisting of a stretched foil of PVDF for use in pulsed supersonic jet experiments. The detector signal is analyzed in detail, allowing to exploit both the piezo- and the pyroelectric effects.
A novel sp3 carbon allotrope with 4+5+6+7+8 odd–even ring
Authors: Yu Tao , Zhu Sheng-Cai , Hou Yanglong
Published: July 2024

We find a novel monoclinic phase of carbon-containing 4+5+6+7+8 member rings in P21/m symmetry. This structure can intergrow with HD to produce a well-matched interface between Y and HD.
A methodology to correctly assess the applicability domain of cell membrane permeability predictors for cyclic peptides
Authors: Geylan Gökçe , De Maria Leonardo , Engkvist Ola , David Florian , Norinder Ulf
Published: July 2024

This work outlines peptide predictive model methodology with conformal prediction, focusing on extrapolation task. Calibrating on the unseen chemical space recovers efficiency and validity enabling reliable predictions without retraining the models.
Supported H8PV5Mo7O40 on activated carbon: Synthesis and Investigation of influencing factors for catalytic performance
Authors: Wesner Anne , Papajewski Max P. , Schidowski Leon , Ruhmlieb Charlotte , Poller Maximilian J. , Albert Jakob
Published: July 2024

This study explores the synthesis of supported HPA-5 (H8PV5Mo7O40), and its application as a heterogeneous catalyst for biomass conversion, focusing on activated carbons with diverse chemical and physical properties as support materials.
Room-temperature synthesis of a Zr–UiO-66 metal–organic framework via mechanochemical pretreatment for the rapid removal of EDTA-chelated copper from water
Authors: Wu Yi-nan , Cai Junyi , Hou Shuliang , Chen Rui , Wang Ziqi , Kabtamu Daniel Manaye , Zelekew Osman Ahmed , Li Fengting
Published: July 2024

Synthesis of UiO-66(Zr) at room temperature offers new feasibility for both the scalable production and application of MOFs.
Web-BO: towards increased accessibility of Bayesian optimisation (BO) for chemistry
Authors: Mroz Austin M. , Toka Piotr N. , del Río Chanona Ehecatl Antonio , Jelfs Kim E.
Published: July 2024

Improving accessibility of data-driven optimisation for chemical tasks via a graphical user interface.
Enzyme-modified Pt nanoelectrodes for glutamate detection
Authors: Xu Peibo , Jetmore Henry David , Chen Ran , Shen Mei
Published: July 2024

Glutamate detection on a glutamate oxidase-modified Pt nanoelectrode with the smallest area to date.
Enhancement of mechanical and energy storage properties of Ba(Ti0.8Co0.2)O3 Pb-free ceramics by addition of Nd3+ ions
Authors: Matar Saleh M. , Kamoun Elbadawy A. , Mahmoud Abd El-Razek , Mohamed H. F. , Ahmed A. M. , Elhefnawy Gehad Mohamed , Ali Ahmed I. , Son Jong Yeog , Ali Amr
Published: July 2024

Preparation of composites of (Ba1−xNdx)(Ti0.8Co0.2)O3 (abbreviated as BNTC) (x:0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mol%) Pb-free ceramics through a conventional solid-state reaction method.
Quinoxaline derivatives as potent compounds against both 3CLpro and PLpro enzymes of SARS-CoV-2 virus: an insight from experimental and theoretical approaches
Authors: Noroozi-Shad Nazanin , Sabet-Sarvestani Hossein , Moghimi Vahid , Afrough Toktam , Haghbeen Kamahldin , Eshghi Hossein
Published: July 2024

Inspired by favipiravir, new quinoxaline derivatives were synthesized to study possible compounds as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2's cysteine proteases, including 3CLpro and PLpro.
InCl3 catalyzed simultaneous reductive sulfoximination and O-silylation: synthesis of silyloxy benzylsulfoximine
Authors: Natarajan K. , Jayakumar V. , Padma Priya V. R. , Mercy A. Antony Haritha , Nandi Ganesh Chandra
Published: July 2024

ortho-Silyloxy benzylsulfoximines are prepared via the reaction of salicylaldehyde and sulfoximine in the presence of silane and InCl3 at 80 °C.
Energy-transfer photocatalysis for Minisci C–H (amino)alkylation of heteroarenes using oxime esters as dual-role reagents
Authors: Xu Jun , Zhang Yuru , Xu Ruiyuan , Wang Yuxin , Shen Jiabin , Li Wanmei
Published: July 2024

This study demonstrates a strategy involving photoinduced energy transfer for decarboxylative Minisci C–H (amino)alkylation of heteroarenes employing diverse oxime esters (from carboxylic acids) as (amino)alkylating reagents.
Shape and size tunability of sheets of interlocked ring copolymers
Authors: Luengo-Márquez Juan , Assenza Salvatore , Micheletti Cristian
Published: July 2024

Chainmail size is determined by ring rigidity, while the shape is defined by the linking topology. Suitable tuning of the linking modes shows, for the first time in mechanically bonded membranes, the emergence of negative Gaussian curvature.
Mapping the Ge/InAl(Ga)As interfacial electronic structure and strain relief mechanism in germanium quantum dots
Authors: Hudait Mantu K. , Bhattacharya S. , Karthikeyan S. , Zhao J. , Bodnar R. J. , Magill B. A. , Khodaparast G. A.
Published: July 2024

Germanium quantum dots (QDs) with defect-free regions and clusters of stacking faults (SFs) relieved the strain from Ge QDs.
A multi-stimuli responsive polyoxometalate-guanosine monophosphate hybrid chromogenic smart hydrogel
Authors: Chakraborty Amrita , Ghosh Tanushree , Sarma Suryakamal , Agarwal Vidhi , Kumar Rajesh , Sarma Tridib K
Published: July 2024

We propose facile synthesis of POM-GMP supramolecular hydrogel exhibiting chromism in response to multiple stimuli-light, electricity, temperature, stress, iodide, pH and biologically relevant thiols such as cysteine and glutathione.
Dissolved oxygen forecasting in the Mississippi River: advanced ensemble machine learning models
Authors: Granata Francesco , Zhu Senlin , Di Nunno Fabio
Published: July 2024

This study introduces advanced ensemble machine learning models for predicting dissolved oxygen in the Mississippi River, offering high accuracy across various forecast horizons and improving environmental monitoring.
Modelling interfacial ionic transport in Li2VO2F cathodes during battery operation
Authors: Kullgren Jolla , Chang Jin Hyun , Loftager Simon , Dhillon Shweta , Vegge Tejs , Brandell Daniel
Published: July 2024

Transition metal oxyflourides have gained considerable interest as potential high-capacity cathode materials for Li-ion batteries.
Insights into the mechanisms driven by H3K4 KMTs in pancreatic cancer
Authors: LaRue-Nolan Kayla C. , Raja Arul Glancis Luzeena , Sigafoos Ashley N. , Shi Jiaqi , Fernandez-Zapico Martin E.
Published: July 2024

Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy arising from the endocrine or exocrine compartment of this organ. Tumors from exocrine origin comprise over 90% of all pancreatic cancers diagnosed. Of these, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common histological subtype. The five-year survival rate for PDAC ranged between 5 and 9% for over four decades, and only recently saw a modest increase to ∼12–13%, making this a severe and lethal disease. Like other cancers, PDAC initiation stems from genetic changes. However, therapeutic targeting of PDAC genetic drivers has remained relatively unsuccessful, thus the focus in recent years has expanded to the non-genetic factors underlying the disease pathogenesis. Specifically, it has been proposed that dynamic changes in the epigenetic landscape promote tumor growth and metastasis. Emphasis has been given to the re-organization of enhancers, essential regulatory elements controlling oncogenic gene expression, commonly marked my histone 3 lysine 4 monomethylation (H3K4me1). H3K4me1 is typically deposited by histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs). While well characterized as oncogenes in other cancer types, recent work has expanded the role of KMTs as tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer. Here, we review the role and translational significance for PDAC development and therapeutics of KMTs.
Role of mitochondria in endogenous renal repair
Authors: Kazeminia Sara , Eirin Alfonso
Published: July 2024

Renal tubules have potential to regenerate and repair after mild-to-moderate injury. Proliferation of tubular epithelial cells represents the initial step of this reparative process. Although for many years, it was believed that proliferating cells originated from a pre-existing intra-tubular stem cell population, there is now consensus that surviving tubular epithelial cells acquire progenitor properties to regenerate the damaged kidney. Scattered tubular-like cells (STCs) are dedifferentiated adult renal tubular epithelial cells that arise upon injury and contribute to renal self-healing and recovery by replacing lost neighboring tubular epithelial cells. These cells are characterized by the co-expression of the stem cell surface markers CD133 and CD24, as well as mesenchymal and kidney injury markers. Previous studies have shown that exogenous delivery of STCs ameliorates renal injury and dysfunction in murine models of acute kidney injury, underscoring the regenerative potential of this endogenous repair system. Although STCs contain fewer mitochondria than their surrounding terminally differentiated tubular epithelial cells, these organelles modulate several important cellular functions, and their integrity and function are critical to preserve the reparative capacity of STCs. Recent data suggest that the microenviroment induced by cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, hypertension, and renal ischemia may compromise STC mitochondrial integrity and function, limiting the capacity of these cells to repair injured renal tubules. This review summarizes current knowledge of the contribution of STCs to kidney repair and discusses recent insight into the key role of mitochondria in modulating STC function and their vulnerability in the setting of cardiovascular disease.
Academic Skills Used by College Students Without Brain Injury: A Validation Study
Authors: Isaki Emi , Lininger Monica R. , Cross Evelyn
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to develop a brief, ecologically valid measure of academic-related skills used by students in both in-person and online higher education.

Method:

Twelve undergraduate (
n
= 7) and graduate (
n =
5) college students without brain injury participated in a pilot study followed by focus group semistructured interviews. Next, preliminary normative data were collected from a larger sample of undergraduate (
n
= 152) and graduate (
n
= 73) students without brain injury, ages 18–35 years. Participants were asked to rate the cognitive, communicative, and academic skills they used for in-person and online instruction. The students completed a 27-item scale (Likert, 1 =
strongly disagree
to 6 =
strongly agree
).

Results:

Following an exploratory factor analysis, seven distinct factors were retained creating the final instrument in the population without brain injury. These included sustained attention, metacognition, working memory, problem solving, reading comprehension, selective attention, and processing speed.

Conclusions:

Responses from college students without brain injury helped to validate items on the College Readiness After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury scale. Undergraduate and graduate students identified the skills they used in both online and in-person academic learning environments. Future plans include the recruitment of students with mild traumatic brain injury returning to higher education to investigate the sensitivity of the scale.
Age-Related Differences in the Effects of Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Masking on Semantic Processing: Evidence From the N400 Component in Young and Middle-Aged Listeners
Authors: Stanley Nicholas , Davis Tara
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to determine if there are age-related differences in semantic processing with linguistic and nonlinguistic masking, as measured by the N400.

Method:

Sixteen young (19–31 years) and 16 middle-aged (41–57 years) adults with relatively normal hearing sensitivity were asked to determine whether word pairs were semantically related or unrelated in three listening conditions: quiet, forward, and reverse two-talker speech competition at 0 dB SNR. Behavioral data (accuracies and reaction times) and auditory event-related potential data (N400 amplitudes and latencies) were analyzed using separate mixed design multivariate analysis of variances.

Results:

Mean N400 amplitudes for semantically related word pairs were similar between young and middle-aged adults. Although neither group showed N400 amplitude differences between masker types, N400 amplitude was significantly greater in the presence of linguistic and nonlinguistic masking than in quiet. In contrast, mean N400 amplitudes for semantically unrelated words were significantly more negative for young adults and not significantly different among listening conditions.

Conclusions:

Our findings illustrated age-related differences during a semantic processing task, as indexed by the N400, that may not be evident in suprathreshold speech repetition/recognition tasks or behavioral data. Additionally, N400 amplitudes indicated that linguistic masking effects were equivalent to nonlinguistic masking effects on semantic processing.
The Effect of Sampling Context on Preschoolers' Finite Verb Morphology Composite Scores
Authors: Weiler Brian , Guo Ling-Yu
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

The finite verb morphology composite (FVMC) is a valid measure for charting children's tense development and for differentiating children with and without language impairment during preschool and early elementary years. However, it is unclear whether FVMC scores vary as a function of language sample elicitation contexts. The current study evaluated the performance on FVMC in preschool-aged children across different language sampling contexts.

Method:

Participants were 38 English-speaking children who were between the ages of 3 and 4 years and below the mastery level of tense usage in three language sampling contexts, including conversation (free-play), picture description, and narratives (story retell). FVMC from each sampling context was computed by calculating the overall accuracy of copula
be
, auxiliary
be
, third-person singular present
–s
, and past tense
–ed
combined. A linear mixed-effects model comparison was carried out to determine the effect of sampling context on FVMC scores.

Results:

After controlling for child age, mean length of utterance, and the number of obligatory contexts for FVMC scoring, FVMC scores were significantly higher in conversation than in picture description and narratives. In addition, FVMC scores across the three sampling contexts were significantly correlated (
r
s ≥ .62,
p <
.001).

Conclusions:

Although children's performance on FVMC relative to each other was quite stable across sampling contexts, FVMC scores may vary with sampling contexts. As compared to picture description and narratives, conversation may not adequately capture the limitation in preschoolers' tense development that is important for therapeutic planning.
A day‐ahead energy management strategy for electric vehicles in parking lots considering multi‐scenario simulations and hydrogen storage system
Authors: Avval Armin Mohajeri , Dejamkhooy Abdolmajid
Published: July 2024

This article investigated the charge and discharge management structure of electric vehicles (EVs) in intelligent parking lots (IPLs). It seems that with the expansion of renewable energy sources (RESs) as clean energy and investigation of the effects of EVs on the operation and planning of future distribution networks around the way EVs exchange energy with each other and the upstream network operator, RESs such as solar and wind sources, along with hydrogen storage are essential. Therefore, a new stochastic multi‐scenario approach for charge/discharge management of EVs parked in IPL was proposed, in which a newly developed model for the IPL with a hydrogen storage system (HSS) consisting of a fuel cell, an electrolyzer, and a hydrogen storage tank was presented. In the proposed model, the constraints of upstream network and power balance constraints, with the operating constraints related to the IPL, including EVs, renewable energy sources, and the hydrogen storage system, were formulated as the most important objectives of the optimization problem. The optimization algorithm, Competitive Swarm Optimizer (CSO), was formulated for implementation, and its results were compared with those of the PSO and GWO algorithms. The CSO must handle a variety of practical, large‐scale optimization problems. Based on the obtained results, the excess energy purchased from the upstream network or renewable sources was used as hydrogen storage for consumption during peak hours. As expected, the technical constraints and financial goals of the system were met, and the proposed system was evaluated on a 33‐bus network. As the expected benefits will be the most beneficial with the presence of renewable sources, the final profit will be reduced by taking into account uncertainty for charge/discharge management in EVs such as the uncertainty of electric load, market price, wind turbine, and photovoltaic cell sources. Nonetheless, the profit obtained from renewable resources is preferable to losses resulting from the uncertainty of the system, and according to expectation, the performance of the system for managing the optimal charging and discharging of EVs in the IPL will be acceptable with the maximum profit for the grid.
Aggregate data‐driven dynamic modeling of active distribution networks with DERs for voltage stability studies
Authors: Subedi Sunil , Vasquez‐Plaza Jesus D. , Andrade Fabio , Rekabdarkolaee Hossein Moradi , Fourney Robert , Tonkoski Reinaldo , Hansen Timothy M.
Published: July 2024

Electric distribution networks increasingly host distributed energy resources based on power electronic converter (PEC) toward active distribution networks (ADN). Despite advances in computational capabilities, electromagnetic transient models are limited in scalability because of their reliance on exact data about the distribution system and each of its components. Similarly, the use of the DER_A model, which is intended to examine the combined dynamic behavior of many DERs, is limited by the difficulty in parameterization. There is a need for improved dynamic models of DERs for use in large power system simulations for stability analysis. This paper proposes an aggregate model‐free, data‐driven approach for deriving a dynamic partitioned model (DPM) of ADNs. Detailed residential distribution feeders were first developed, including PEC‐based DERs and composite load models (CMLDs), from which the aggregated DPM was derived. The performance was evaluated through various case studies and validated against the detailed ADN model and state‐of‐the‐art DER_A model with CMLD. The data‐driven DPM achieved a of over 90%, accurately representing the aggregated dynamic behavior of ADNs. Furthermore, the DPM significantly accelerated the simulation process with a computational speedup of 68 times compared to the detailed ADN and a 3.5 times speedup compared to the DER_A CMLD model.
A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey
Authors: Medina S.-N. X. , Dzib S. A. , Urquhart J. S. , Yang A. Y. , Brunthaler A. , Menten K. M. , Wyrowski F. , Cotton W. D. , Cheema A. , Dokara R. , Gong Y. , Khan S. , Nguyen H. , Ortiz-León G. N. , Rugel M. R. , Veena V. S. , Beuther H. , Csengeri T. , Pandian J. D. , Roy N.
Published: July 2024

Context. The GLObal view on STAR formation in the Milky Way (GLOSTAR) survey studies star formation with the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Effelsberg 100 meter radio telescope in the Galactic plane between −2° < ℓ < 60° and |b| < 1°, and the Cygnus X region (76° < ℓ < 83° and −1° < b < 2°), with unprecedented sensitivity in both flux density (1σ ~50 μJy beam−1) and the capability of detecting emission with angular scales in the range from 1.″0 to the largest radio structures in the Galaxy on the order of a few degrees in size.

Aims. Here, we provide a complete GLOSTAR-VLA D-configuration radio source catalog for the part of the Galactic disk covered. A catalog for the “pilot region” between 28° < ℓ < 36° has been published in a previous paper and here we present the complementary catalog for the area within 2° < ℓ < 28°, 36° < ℓ < 60° and |b| < 1°.

Methods. Observations were taken with the VLA in a 4–8 GHz band to image 100 square degrees of the inner Galactic disk at a reference frequency of 5.8 GHz, using a total of 260 h of telescope time. We determined spectral indices (α; Sν ∝ να) inside the observed band and in the frequency range of 1.4–5.8 GHz by complementing our results with those from The HI/OH/Recombination line survey of the inner Milky Way (THOR), which covers 1–2 GHz.

Results. The final images have an angular resolution of 18″ and an average sensitivity of 123 μJy beam−1. The sensitivity is better (~60 μJy beam−1) in areas free of extended emission. The complementary Galactic disk catalog presented in this work consists of 11 211 radio sources. Of these, 1965 are known large-scale structure sources such as star-forming region complexes, well-known supernova remnants (SNRs), SNR candidates, or parts thereof. The remaining 9227 are discrete individual sources. Source parameters–namely flux densities, sizes, spectral indices, and classifications-are reported. We identify 769 H II region candidates, 359 of which have been newly classified as such. The mean value of spectral indices of 225 H II regions is +0.14 ± 0.02, consistent with most of them emitting optically thin thermal radio emission. Combining our results with the previously published catalog of the pilot region, the final GLOSTAR-VLA D-configuration catalog contains 12 981 radio sources.
No evidence of active galactic nucleus features in the nuclei of Arp 220 from JWST/NIRSpec IFS
Authors: Perna Michele , Arribas Santiago , Lamperti Isabella , Pereira-Santaella Miguel , Ulivi Lorenzo , Böker Torsten , Maiolino Roberto , Bunker Andrew J. , Charlot Stéphane , Cresci Giovanni , Rodríguez Del Pino Bruno , D’Eugenio Francesco , Übler Hannah , Fahrion Katja , Ceci Matteo
Published: July 2024

Context. Arp 220 is the nearest ultra-luminous infrared galaxy. It shows evidence of 100 pc scale molecular outflows that are likely connected with galaxy-scale outflows traced by ionised and neutral gas. The two highly obscured nuclei of Arp 220 are sites of intense star formation, with extreme (far-infrared based) star formation rate surface densities, ΣSFR ≳ 103 M⊙ yr−1 kpc−2. Despite extensive investigations that searched for active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity in the Arp 220 nuclei, direct evidence remains elusive.

Aims. We present JWST/NIRSpec integral field spectroscopy (IFS) observations covering the 0.9 − 5.1 μm wavelength range of the innermost (5″ × 4″, i.e. 1.8 × 1.5 kpc) regions of Arp 220. The primary goal is to investigate the potential presence of AGN signatures in the nuclear regions by analysing the spectra extracted from circular apertures with a radius of 55 pc (0.15″) around each of the two nuclei.

Methods. The analysis aims to identify highly ionised gas emission lines (with ionisation potential > 54 eV) and other spectral features indicative of AGN activity. Atomic and molecular gas kinematics were also taken into account to study the outflow signatures at < 60 pc scales.

Results. We identify ∼70 atomic and ∼50 molecular emission lines in the nuclear spectra of Arp 220. We used recombination line ratios to measure optical extinctions in the range AV ∼ 11 − 14 mag. High-ionisation lines are not detected, except for the [Mg IV] line at 4.49 μm, which we interpret as due to shocks rather than to AGN ionisation. We identify broadening and multiple kinematic components in the H I and H2 lines caused by outflows and shocks, with velocities up to ∼550 km s−1. Significantly higher velocities (up to ∼900 km s−1) are detected in the off-nuclear regions, but they do not conclusively represent direct evidence for AGN activity. Broad-line region components are not detected in any permitted emission line within the NIRSpec wavelength range.

Conclusions. Even with the unprecedented sensitivity of JWST/NIRSpec IFS, achieving an unambiguous identification or exclusion of the presence of an AGN in the Arp 220 system remains challenging because of its extreme dust obscuration.
Damping wings in the Lyman-α forest: A model-independent measurement of the neutral fraction at 5.4 < z < 6.1
Authors: Spina Benedetta , Bosman Sarah E. I. , Davies Frederick B. , Gaikwad Prakash , Zhu Yongda
Published: July 2024

Context. Recent observations have positioned the end point of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) at a redshift of z ∼ 5.3. However, observations of the Lyman-α forest have not yet been able to discern whether reionization occurred slowly and late, with substantial neutral hydrogen persisting at a redshift of ∼6, or rapidly and earlier, with the apparent late end driven by the fluctuating ultraviolet background. Gunn-Peterson (GP) absorption troughs are solid indicators that reionization is not complete until z = 5.3, but whether they contain significantly neutral gas has not yet been proven.

Aims. We aim to answer this question by directly measuring, for the first time, the neutral hydrogen fraction (xHI) at the end of the EoR (5 ≲ z ≲ 6) in high-redshift quasar spectra.

Methods. For high neutral fractions, xHI ≳ 0.1, GP troughs exhibit damping wing (DW) absorption extending over 1000 km s−1 beyond the troughs. While conclusively detected in Lyman-α emission lines of quasars at z ≥ 7, DWs are challenging to observe in the general Lyman-α forest due to absorption complexities and small-scale stochastic transmission features.

Results. We report the first successful identification of the stochastic DW signal adjacent to GP troughs at redshifts of z = 5.6 through careful stacking of the dark gaps in the Lyman-α forest (S/N = 6.3). We use the signal to present a measurement of the corresponding global xHI = 0.19 ± 0.07 (−0.16+0.11) at 1σ (2σ) at z = 5.6 and a limit of xHI < 0.44 at z = 5.9.

Conclusions. The detection of this signal demonstrates the existence of substantially neutral islands near the conclusion of the EoR, unequivocally signaling a late-and-slow reionization scenario.
Whispering in the dark
Authors: Sen K. , El Mellah I. , Langer N. , Xu X.-T. , Quast M. , Pauli D.
Published: July 2024

Context. Recently, astrometric and spectroscopic surveys of OB stars revealed a few stellar-mass black holes (BHs) with orbital periods of as low as 10 days. Contrary to wind-fed BH high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs), no X-ray counterpart was detected, probably because of the absence of a radiatively efficient accretion disc around the BH. Nevertheless, dissipative processes in the hot, dilute, and strongly magnetised plasma around the BH (so-called BH corona) can still lead to non-thermal X-ray emission (e.g. synchrotron).

Aims. We determine the X-ray luminosity distribution from BH+OB star binaries up to orbital periods of a few thousand days.

Methods. We used detailed binary evolution models computed with MESA for initial primary masses of 10–90 M⊙ and orbital periods of 1–3000 d. We computed the X-ray luminosity for a broad range of radiative efficiencies that depend on the mass accretion rate and flow geometry.

Results. For typical conditions around stellar-mass BHs, we show that particle acceleration through magnetic reconnection can heat the BH corona. A substantial fraction of the gravitational potential energy from the accreted plasma is converted into non-thermal X-ray emission. Our population synthesis analysis predicts that at least 28 (up to 72) BH+OB star binaries in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) produce X-ray luminosities of above 1031 erg s−1, which are observable with focused Chandra observations. We identify a population of SB1 systems in the LMC and HD96670 in the Milky Way comprising O stars with unseen companions of masses of above 2.3 M⊙, which aligns well with our predictions and may be interesting sources for follow-up observations. The predicted luminosities of the OB companions to these X-ray-emitting BHs are 104.5 − 5.5 L⊙.

Conclusions. These findings advocate for prolonged X-ray observations of the stellar-mass black hole candidates identified in the vicinity of OB stars. Such long exposures could reveal the underlying population of X-ray-faint BHs and provide constraints for the evolution from single to double degenerate binaries and identify the progenitors of gravitational wave mergers.
Accumulation of bacteriophage T4 by bivalves Unio pictorum and Anodonta cygnea in model experiments
Authors: Bulavina Maria , Lu Yinhua , Zimin Andrei
Published: July 2024

Bivalve mollusks are filter feeders that accumulate various particles suspended in water, including viruses. Shellfish also accumulate bacteriophages, but, unfortunately, there is little information about this, despite the fact that these organisms make a significant contribution to the ecology of aquatic communities of living organisms and can be used as a good object for biomonitoring. This knowledge gap prompted us to study in more detail the bioaccumulation of phages by mollusks. As a result of the research, it was revealed that bacteriophages, despite differences in species of mollusk, show a similar bioaccumulation model, where their titer depends on the activity of the mollusk and changes in cycles. The bacteriophage multiplies due to the natural microflora of the animal and can be retained by it due to its filtration type of nutrition.
Dementia-Sensitive Environmental Design of Living Units in
German Nursing Homes: First Results of the German Environmental Audit Tool
(G-EAT)
Authors: Fahsold Anne , Schmüdderich Kathrin , Verbeek Hilde , Palm Rebecca , Holle Bernhard
Published: July 2024

Background The built environment is a key component of dementia-specific
care. Little is known about the characteristics of dementia-sensitive
environmental elements in living units of nursing homes in Germany. The German
Environmental Audit Tool (G-EAT) is a systematic assessment tool for describing
these elements in detail. Aim of the study: To describe the extent of
dementia-sensitive design principles and environmental elements in a regionally
limited sample of living units in Germany.

Methods The built environment was assessed using G-EAT and analysed
quantitatively and descriptively. Definitions of living units were developed
based on site visits and analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results The 42 participating living units were heterogeneous in terms of
space and composition. Dementia-sensitive design principles varied greatly in
their implementation in the built environment; on average, 87.7% of the
environmental elements were oriented towards a familiar environment. In
contrast, visual accessibility was much less frequently enabled by the built
environment (mean 37.3%).

Conclusions The characteristics of various dementia-sensitive
environmental elements need to be further investigated against the background of
the nursing home care concept and the homogeneity of the resident group to
enable the initiation of tailored environmental adaptation that can be
implemented by interdisciplinary teams in nursing homes. This also requires a
follow-up study with a larger sample of living units to identify the factors
that promote and inhibit the development of a dementia-sensitive
environment.
Advances in the Intermolecular Asymmetric Allylic Functionalization of Unreactive Acyclic Alkenes
Authors: Chen Liang-An , Dai Qiang , Zhang Mingyue , Zhang Mengmeng , Li Changsheng , Wang Wenyang , Shi Guohui , Luo Shipeng
Published: July 2024

Allylic C(sp
3)–H functionalized architectures are not only widely present in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and functional organic materials, but also serve as versatile building blocks to furnish important functionalized molecules in synthetic chemistry. Accordingly, various strategies to access allylic functionalized alkenes in a stereoselective manner have been developed. However, chemo-, regio- and stereoselective intermolecular asymmetric allylic functionalization (AAF) of unreactive acyclic alkene (UAA) from readily available materials, representing a highly atom- and step-economic approach toward the generation of structural complexity, remains elusive and challenging. Herein, we review all intermolecular asymmetric catalyzed methods, with emphasis on the construction of chiral allylic units by activation of allylic C–H bonds of UAAs. Our analysis serves to document the considerable and rapid progress within the field, while also highlighting the limitations of current methods.

1 Introduction

2 Asymmetric Allylic Oxygenation

3 Asymmetric Allylic Amination

4 Asymmetric Allylic Carbonization

5 Asymmetric Allylic Sulfuration

6 Conclusion and Outlook
Thiuram Disulfide Mediated Copper-Catalyzed C–S Cross-Coupling: Synthesis of S-Thiocarbamate Compounds
Authors: Saha Amit , Mondal Sourav , Patra Debabrata
Published: July 2024

Thiuram disulfides undergo a Cu(I)-catalyzed C–S cross-coupling with aryl iodides through Cu(OAc)2·H2O-assisted desulfurization to produce the S-thiocarbamate ester compounds efficiently. Various aryl iodides containing diverse substituents underwent a smooth reaction with a series of cyclic and acyclic secondary amine-based thiuram disulfides under an open-air atmosphere. A probable mechanistic pathway has been suggested based on control experiments and reports from the literature.
Palladium-Catalyzed γ-C–H Arylation of Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds: An Emerging Remote Buchwald–Hartwig–Miura Arylation
Authors: Li Dashan , Peng Yan-Ping , Shao Li-Dong
Published: July 2024

As an important complement to the Buchwald–Hartwig–Miura arylation, Pd-catalyzed γ-C–H arylations, including γ-C(sp3)–H and γ-C(sp2)–H arylations, provide a more direct route to install an aryl group on the less reactive γ-site of unsaturated carbonyl compounds, and have attracted considerable interest from the chemistry community in recent years. This review summarizes the applications of this method with both cyclic and linear unsaturated carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, ketones, esters, amide, and nitriles), as well as in the total synthesis of natural products (NPs), natural product skeletons, and bioactive analogues.

1 Introduction

2 γ-C–H Arylation of Cyclic Unsaturated Carbonyl Substrates

2.1 Exocyclic γ-Arylation

2.1.1 Unsaturated Ketones and the Corresponding Silyl-Dienol Ethers

2.1.2 Unsaturated Lactones

2.2 Endocyclic γ-C–H Arylation

2.2.1 Unsaturated Ketones and the Corresponding Silyl-Dienol Ethers

2.2.2 Unsaturated Lactones

2.2.3 Unsaturated Nitriles

3 γ-C–H Arylation of Linear Unsaturated Carbonyl Substrates

3.1 Unsaturated Aldehydes

3.2 Unsaturated Ketones

3.3 Unsaturated Amides

3.4 Unsaturated Nitriles

3.5 Silyl Ketene Acetals of α,β-Unsaturated Esters

4 Conclusion