bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic segmentation of uterine endometrial cancer on multi-sequence MRI using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Kurata Yasuhisa , Nishio Mizuho , Moribata Yusaku , Kido Aki , Himoto Yuki , Otani Satoshi , Fujimoto Koji , Yakami Masahiro , Minamiguchi Sachiko , Mandai Masaki , Nakamoto Yuji
Published: July 2021

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological tumor in developed countries, and preoperative risk stratification is essential for personalized medicine. There have been several radiomics studies for noninvasive risk stratification of EC using MRI. Although tumor segmentation is usually necessary for these studies, manual segmentation is not only labor-intensive but may also be subjective. Therefore, our study aimed to perform the automatic segmentation of EC on MRI with a convolutional neural network. The effect of the input image sequence and batch size on the segmentation performance was also investigated. Of 200 patients with EC, 180 patients were used for training the modified U-net model; 20 patients for testing the segmentation performance and the robustness of automatically extracted radiomics features. Using multi-sequence images and larger batch size was effective for improving segmentation accuracy. The mean Dice similarity coefficient, sensitivity, and positive predictive value of our model for the test set were 0.806, 0.816, and 0.834, respectively. The robustness of automatically extracted first-order and shape-based features was high (median ICC = 0.86 and 0.96, respectively). Other high-order features presented moderate-high robustness (median ICC = 0.57–0.93). Our model could automatically segment EC on MRI and extract radiomics features with high reliability.
MYCN-induced nucleolar stress drives an early senescence-like transcriptional program in hTERT-immortalized RPE cells
Authors: Zanotti Sofia , Vanhauwaert Suzanne , Van Neste Christophe , Olexiouk Volodimir , Van Laere Jolien , Verschuuren Marlies , Van der Meulen Joni , Mus Liselot M. , Durinck Kaat , Tilleman Laurentijn , Deforce Dieter , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Hogarty Michael D. , Decaesteker Bieke , De Vos Winnok H. , Speleman Frank
Published: July 2021

MYCN is an oncogenic driver in neural crest-derived neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma. To better understand the early effects of MYCN activation in a neural-crest lineage context, we profiled the transcriptome of immortalized human retina pigment epithelial cells with inducible MYCN activation. Gene signatures associated with elevated MYC/MYCN activity were induced after 24 h of MYCN activation, which attenuated but sustained at later time points. Unexpectedly, MYCN activation was accompanied by reduced cell growth. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed a senescence-like signature with strong induction of p53 and p21 but in the absence of canonical hallmarks of senescence such as β-galactosidase positivity, suggesting incomplete cell fate commitment. When scrutinizing the putative drivers of this growth attenuation, differential gene expression analysis identified several regulators of nucleolar stress. This process was also reflected by phenotypic correlates such as cytoplasmic granule accrual and nucleolar coalescence. Hence, we propose that the induction of MYCN congests the translational machinery, causing nucleolar stress and driving cells into a transient pre-senescent state. Our findings shed new light on the early events induced by MYCN activation and may help unravelling which factors are required for cells to tolerate unscheduled MYCN overexpression during early malignant transformation.
Climate and sea surface trends in the Galapagos Islands
Authors: Paltán Homero A. , Benitez Fátima L. , Rosero Paulina , Escobar-Camacho Daniel , Cuesta Francisco , Mena Carlos F.
Published: July 2021

The Galapagos Islands are a global hotspot of environmental change. However, despite their potentially major repercussions, little is known about current and expected changes in regional terrestrial climate variables and sea surface temperatures (SST). Here, by analysing existing meteorological observations and secondary datasets, we find that the Islands have warmed by about 0.6 °C since the early 1980s, while at the same time becoming drier. In fact, the onset of the wet season is currently delayed 20 days. This drying trend may reverse, however, given that future climate projections for the region suggest mean annual precipitation may increase between 20 and 70%. This would also be accompanied by more extreme wet and hot conditions. Further, we find that regional SST has increased by 1.2 °C over the last two decades. These changes will, in turn, translate into deterioration of marine ecosystems and coral, proliferation of invasive species, and damages to human water, food, and infrastructure systems. Future projections, however, may be overestimated due to the poor capacity of climatic models to capture Eastern-Pacific ENSO dynamics. Our findings emphasize the need to design resilient climate adaptation policies that will remain robust in the face of a wide range of uncertain and changing climatic futures.
Anthelmintic resistance and homeostatic plasticity (Brugia malayi)
Authors: Kashyap Sudhanva S. , Verma Saurabh , McHugh Mark , Wolday Mengisteab , Williams Paul D. , Robertson Alan P. , Martin Richard J.
Published: July 2021

Homeostatic plasticity refers to the capacity of excitable cells to regulate their activity to make compensatory adjustments to long-lasting stimulation. It is found across the spectrum of vertebrate and invertebrate species and is driven by changes in cytosolic calcium; it has not been explored in parasitic nematodes when treated with therapeutic drugs. Here we have studied the adaptation of Brugia malayi to exposure to the anthelmintic, levamisole that activates muscle AChR ion-channels. We found three phases of the Brugia malayi motility responses as they adapted to levamisole: an initial spastic paralysis; a flaccid paralysis that follows; and finally, a recovery of motility with loss of sensitivity to levamisole at 4 h. Motility, calcium-imaging, patch-clamp and molecular experiments showed the muscle AChRs are dynamic with mechanisms that adjust their subtype composition and sensitivity to levamisole. This homeostatic plasticity allows the parasite to adapt resisting the anthelmintic.
TCERG1L allelic variation is associated with cisplatin-induced hearing loss in childhood cancer, a PanCareLIFE study
Authors: Meijer A. J. M. , Diepstraten F. A. , Langer T. , Broer L. , Domingo I. K. , Clemens E. , Uitterlinden A. G. , de Vries A. C. H. , van Grotel M. , Vermeij W. P. , Ozinga R. A. , Binder H. , Byrne J. , van Dulmen-den Broeder E. , Garrè M. L. , Grabow D. , Kaatsch P. , Kaiser M. , Kenborg L. , Winther J. F. , Rechnitzer C. , Hasle H. , Kepak T. , Kepakova K. , Tissing W. J. E. , van der Kooi A. L. F. , Kremer L. C. M. , Kruseova J. , Pluijm S. M. F. , Kuehni C. E. , van der Pal H. J. H. , Parfitt R. , Spix C. , Tillmanns A. , Deuster D. , Matulat P. , Calaminus G. , Hoetink A. E. , Elsner S. , Gebauer J. , Haupt R. , Lackner H. , Blattmann C. , Neggers S. J. C. M. M. , Rassekh S. R. , Wright G. E. B. , Brooks B. , Nagtegaal A. P. , Drögemöller B. I. , Ross C. J. D. , Bhavsar A. P. , am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen A. G. , Carleton B. C. , Zolk O. , van den Heuvel-Eibrink M. M. ,   the PanCareLIFE Consortium, de Vries A. C. H. , van Grotel M. , van Dulmen-den Broeder E. , van der Kooi A. L. F. , Kremer L. C. M. , van der Pal H. J. H. , Calaminus G. , Hoetink A. E. , van den Heuvel-Eibrink M. M. ,   and the CPNDS Consortium
Published: July 2021

In children with cancer, the heterogeneity in ototoxicity occurrence after similar treatment suggests a role for genetic susceptibility. Using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach, we identified a genetic variant in TCERG1L (rs893507) to be associated with hearing loss in 390 non-cranial irradiated, cisplatin-treated children with cancer. These results were replicated in two independent, similarly treated cohorts (n = 192 and 188, respectively) (combined cohort: P = 5.3 × 10−10, OR 3.11, 95% CI 2.2–4.5). Modulating TCERG1L expression in cultured human cells revealed significantly altered cellular responses to cisplatin-induced cytokine secretion and toxicity. These results contribute to insights into the genetic and pathophysiological basis of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity.
Clinical subphenotypes in COVID-19: derivation, validation, prediction, temporal patterns, and interaction with social determinants of health
Authors: Su Chang , Zhang Yongkang , Flory James H. , Weiner Mark G. , Kaushal Rainu , Schenck Edward J. , Wang Fei
Published: July 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is heterogeneous and our understanding of the biological mechanisms of host response to the viral infection remains limited. Identification of meaningful clinical subphenotypes may benefit pathophysiological study, clinical practice, and clinical trials. Here, our aim was to derive and validate COVID-19 subphenotypes using machine learning and routinely collected clinical data, assess temporal patterns of these subphenotypes during the pandemic course, and examine their interaction with social determinants of health (SDoH). We retrospectively analyzed 14418 COVID-19 patients in five major medical centers in New York City (NYC), between March 1 and June 12, 2020. Using clustering analysis, 4 biologically distinct subphenotypes were derived in the development cohort (N = 8199). Importantly, the identified subphenotypes were highly predictive of clinical outcomes (especially 60-day mortality). Sensitivity analyses in the development cohort, and rederivation and prediction in the internal (N = 3519) and external (N = 3519) validation cohorts confirmed the reproducibility and usability of the subphenotypes. Further analyses showed varying subphenotype prevalence across the peak of the outbreak in NYC. We also found that SDoH specifically influenced mortality outcome in Subphenotype IV, which is associated with older age, worse clinical manifestation, and high comorbidity burden. Our findings may lead to a better understanding of how COVID-19 causes disease in different populations and potentially benefit clinical trial development. The temporal patterns and SDoH implications of the subphenotypes may add insights to health policy to reduce social disparity in the pandemic.
A study of diffraction-based chitosan leaky waveguide (LW) biosensors
Authors: Gupta Ruchi , Goddard Nicholas J.
Published: July 2021

Chitosan diffraction-based leaky waveguides were shown to have good reproducibility and be suitable for monitoring the binding of anti-biotin antibody to biotin in the presence of physiological levels of serum albumin.
A novel fluorescent probe based on a triphenylamine derivative for the detection of HSO3−with high sensitivity and selectivity
Authors: Liu Yan , Wu Liangqiang , Dai Yaxing , Li Yapeng , Qi Shaolong , Du Jianshi , Yang Qingbiao , Xu Hai , Li Yaoxian
Published: July 2021

The probe has excellent sensitivity, fast response and low limit of detection to HSO3−. The mechanism was verified by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT. The sensor has been successfully imaged in RAW264.7 cells.
One-step hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots for high-sensitivity visual detection of nitrite and ascorbic acid
Authors: Deng Yafeng , Zhou Yihua , Li Qingzhi , Qian Jun
Published: July 2021

Ascorbic acid (AA) is an indispensable vitamin for the human body and is associated with critical processes of human metabolism.
Cyclo-γ-polyglutamic acid-coated dual-responsive nanomicelles loaded with doxorubicin for synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang Beilei , Zou Shuaijun , Wang Bo , Liu Guoyan , Zhang Fuhai , Wang Qianqian , He Qian , Zhang Liming
Published: July 2021

Cyclo-γ-PGA coated nanomicelles not only achieved photochemical internalization and photodynamic therapy but also realized controlled intracellular drug release.
A decade of alkyne-tag Raman imaging (ATRI): applications in biological systems
Authors: Bakthavatsalam Subha , Dodo Kosuke , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: July 2021

Alkyne functional groups have unique stretching frequency in the cell silent region. This review discusses the application of alkyne tags for Raman imaging in biological samples.
Pd-catalysed β-selective C(sp3)–H arylation of simple amides
Authors: Hao Hong-Yan , Lou Shao-Jie , Wang Shuang , Zhou Kun , Wu Qiu-Zi , Mao Yang-Jie , Xu Zhen-Yuan , Xu Dan-Qian
Published: July 2021

A practical and concise approach for the synthesis of β-aryl amides and γ-aryl amines has been developed by utilizing the innate carbonyl of native amides as valid coordinating groups.
Bulk assembly of a 0D organic tin(ii)chloride hybrid with high anti-water stability
Authors: Peng Hui , Wang Xinxin , Zhang Zhenheng , Tian Ye , Xiao Yonghao , Hu Jinming , Wang Jianping , Zou Bingsuo
Published: July 2021

A new compound, 0D (TBAC)SnCl3, with high anti-water stability was reported, which can be stable in water for 24 hours. Upon photoexcitation, this compound exhibits a green emission centered at 523 nm.
The π-hole revisited
Authors: Politzer Peter , Murray Jane S. , Clark Timothy
Published: July 2021

Two views of the computed electrostatic potential on the 0.001 au surface of 2,4,6-trifluoro-1,3,5-triazine. Red is the most positive color range, while blue is the most negative.
α-Fe2O3/Ag/CdS ternary heterojunction photoanode for efficient solar water oxidation
Authors: Wei Yiqing , He Huichao , Liu Chang , Yang Liuqing , Wang Xiaoyong , Li Aidong , Xiong Yujie , Shen Qing , Zhou Yong , Zou Zhigang
Published: July 2021

By taking full advantage of the α-Fe2O3/Ag/CdS ternary heterojunction in charge separation and transfer, light harvesting and electrocatalytic water oxidation, obviously improved water oxidation performance was achieved on the photoanode.
Key factors in the synthesis of polycyclic iridaaromatics via the methoxyalkenylcarbene pathway
Authors: Talavera Maria , Cid-Seara Krystal M. , Peña-Gallego Ángeles , Bolaño Sandra
Published: July 2021

The requirements for the effective and selective synthesis of polycyclic iridaaromatics have been determined, allowing their synthesis on demand.
Recent progress on pristine two-dimensional metal–organic frameworks as active components in supercapacitors
Authors: Guo Yuxuan , Wang Kuaibing , Hong Ye , Wu Hua , Zhang Qichun
Published: July 2021

Recent progress on 2D conductive MOFs and 2D layered MOFs containing pillar-layered MOFs and 2D nanosheets as electrode materials in SCs is reviewed, including synthetic design strategies, electrochemical performances, and working mechanisms.
MoC/MAPbI3 hybrid composites for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Yu Jianfei , Huang Jiyao , Lan Shengnan , Lou Yongbing , Chen Jinxi
Published: July 2021

A facile method was developed to fabricate MoC/MAPbI3 composites, which exhibit significantly improved hydrogen evolution activity and stability. The construction of MoC/MAPbI3 composites inhibits the recombination of carriers and holes.
Genistein exhibits therapeutic potential for PCOS mice via the ER-Nrf2-Foxo1-ROS pathway
Authors: Luo Man , Zheng Lian-Wen , Wang Yu-Si , Huang Ji-Cheng , Yang Zhan-Qing , Yue Zhan-Peng , Guo Bin
Published: July 2021

GEN exhibited therapeutic potential for PCOS mice by enhancing the antioxidant capability and preventing the mitochondrial dysfunction dependent on the ER-Nrf2-Foxo1 pathway.
A substituent- and temperature-controllable NHC-derived zwitterionic catalyst enables CO2 upgrading for high-efficiency construction of formamides and benzimidazoles
Authors: Yu Zhaozhuo , Li Zhengyi , Zhang Lilong , Zhu Kaixun , Wu Hongguo , Li Hu , Yang Song
Published: July 2021

An efficient catalytic system for the construction of various formamides and benzimidazoles with good yields of up to 96% and 98% was developed using the C1 source CO2 and the stable catalyst NHC-CO2, and an interesting catalytic mechanism was reported.
Exceeding ohmic scaling by more than one order of magnitude with a 3D ion concentration polarization system
Authors: Chen Dayi , Kim Jin-Tae , Chamorro Leonardo P. , Timperman Aaron T.
Published: July 2021

Concentration polarization (CP) with upright 3D reservoir.
Metal nanoparticles entrapped in metal matrices
Authors: Pinsky Dina , Ralbag Noam , Singh Ramesh Kumar , Mann-Lahav Meirav , Shter Gennady E. , Dekel Dario R. , Grader Gideon S. , Avnir David
Published: July 2021

Metallic nanoparticles have been traditionally dispersed on ceramics and carbons, but never on porous metals. Methods for the preparation of such materials are described, and catalysis is demonstrated for reductions and for H2 electro-oxidation.
Controlled reduction of aromaticity of alkylated polyaromatic compounds by selective oxidation using H2WO4, H3PO4 and H2O2: a route for upgrading heavy oil fractions
Authors: Nowicka Ewa , Sankar Meenakshisundaram , Jenkins Robert L. , Knight David W. , Willock David J. , Hutchings Graham J. , Francisco Manuel , Taylor Stuart H.
Published: July 2021

Selectivity in the oxidation of alkylated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon can be specifically controlled by the choice solvent.
First-principles insights into ammonia decomposition on the MoN(0001) surface
Authors: Yuan Kun , Hao Pengju , Li Xiaolin , Zhou Yang , Zhang Jianbo , Zhong Shengwen
Published: July 2021

After NH3 adsorbed on the surface of MoN, one H atom was firstly removed to form NH2, and two adjacent NH2 molecules would combine to form N2H4 molecules, which leads to the step by step decomposition into N2.
Preparation of deep eutectic solvent/graphene composite materials and their removal from fuel organic sulfide performance research
Authors: Liu Yue , Li Xia , Zhou Xin , Cui Yingna
Published: July 2021

Deep eutectic solvents were solidified onto reduced graphene oxide to prepare composite materials with a single desulfurization rate 99.19%.
A mesoporous SnO–γ-Al2O3 nanocomposite prepared by a seeding-crystallization method and its catalytic esterification performances
Authors: Ding Wei , Cui Mingyu , Wang Lizhi , Xu Wei , Wang Yuan , Zhang Yidong , Shao Rong , Ding Jianfei
Published: July 2021

A mesoporous SnO–γ-Al2O3 nanocomposite was synthesized by a seeding-crystallization method and investigated in catalytic esterification of pentaerythritol and stearic acid to produce pentaerythrityl tetrastearate.
Synergism of ultrafine RuCo alloy nanoparticles on graphite carbon nitride for an efficient ammonia borane hydrolysis
Authors: He Yating , Wang Ziqian , Mao Mingyue , Li Qianggen , Fan Guangyin
Published: July 2021

Synergism of ultrafine RuCo alloy nanoparticles on graphite carbon nitride were achieved for an efficient ammonia borane hydrolysis.
High-throughput molecular simulations reveal the origin of ion free energy barriers in graphene oxide membranes
Authors: Williams Christopher D. , Siperstein Flor R. , Carbone Paola
Published: July 2021

Graphene oxide (GO) membranes are highly touted as materials for contemporary separation challenges including desalination, yet understanding of the interplay between their structure and salt rejection is limited.
Photothermally switchable peptide nanostructures towards modulating catalytic hydrolase activity
Authors: Singh Ashmeet , Joseph Jojo P. , Gupta Deepika , Miglani Chirag , Mavlankar Nimisha A. , Pal Asish
Published: July 2021

The Aβ42 amyloid-inspired peptide fragment renders pathway-driven self-assembled nanostructures mediated by heat, light and chemical cues. They are envisaged as robust biocatalysts with remarkable variation of the hydrolase catalytic efficiency.
Protein–biomolecule interactions play a major role in shaping corona proteome: studies on milk interacted dietary particles
Authors: Phue Wut H. , Bahadi Mazen , Dynes James J. , Wang Jian , Kuppili Venkata S. C. , Ismail Ashraf , Hameed Aneela , George Saji
Published: July 2021

Presence of proteins in surface corona of milk interacted particles is largely influenced by interactions of proteins with biomolecules rather than with particle surface.
Layer-dependent interface reconstruction and strain modulation in twisted WSe2
Authors: Cai Xiangbin , An Liheng , Feng Xuemeng , Wang Shi , Zhou Zishu , Chen Yong , Cai Yuan , Cheng Chun , Pan Xiaoqing , Wang Ning
Published: July 2021

Layer-dependent interface reconstruction and associated strain effects in marginally twisted WSe2are revealed by quantitative electron diffraction analysis, atomic-resolution imaging and electrical transport detection of multiple ultra-flat minibands.
Mechanism of Pd-catalysed C(sp3)–H arylation of thioethers with Ag(i) additives
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Liu Zheyuan , Liu Xiaowei , Dang Yanfeng
Published: July 2021

The mechanism of Pd-catalysed γ-C(sp3)–H arylation of thioethers has been disclosed, wherein all steps proceed through the heterodimeric Pd–Ag pathway.
Hybrid aptamer-molecularly imprinted polymer (AptaMIP) nanoparticles selective for the antibiotic moxifloxacin
Authors: Sullivan Mark V. , Allabush Francia , Bunka David , Tolley Arron , Mendes Paula M. , Tucker James H. R. , Turner Nicholas W.
Published: July 2021

A polymerisable aptamer incorporated into Molecularly Imprinted Polymer nanoparticles (MIPs) creates a hybrid “best-of-both-worlds” approach which outperforms individual constituent components.
Bromoform-assisted aqueous free radical polymerisation: a simple, inexpensive route for the preparation of block copolymers
Authors: Hutchins-Crawford Helena J. , Ninjiaranai Padarat , Derry Matthew J. , Molloy Robert , Tighe Brian J. , Topham Paul D.
Published: July 2021

Synthesis of ‘uncontrolled’ commercially-relevant block copolymers by metal- and sulfur-free, bromoform-assisted polymerisation.
Triply-responsive OEG-based microgels and hydrogels: regulation of swelling ratio, volume phase transition temperatures and mechanical properties
Authors: Lu Dongdong , Zhu Mingning , Jin Jing , Saunders Brian R.
Published: July 2021

Facile methods to coordinate swelling ratio, volume-phase transition temperatures and mechanical properties for pH-, thermal-, and cationic-responsive microgels and hydrogels.
Conjugated macrocycle polymers
Authors: Li Zheng , Yang Ying-Wei
Published: July 2021

Conjugated macrocycle polymers as an emerging class of organic porous materials embedded with macrocycles in the conjugated skeleton are discussed.
Design and application of covalent organic frameworks for ionic conduction
Authors: Zhao Xiuyu , Chen Yao , Wang Zhifang , Zhang Zhenjie
Published: July 2021

This review article comprehensively summarized recent progress in the development of covalent organic framework materials for ionic conduction.
A highly-efficient, stable, and flexible Kapton tape-based SERS chip
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqi , Li Huan , Yu Guanghua , Chen Yangkai , Wang Yandong , Zeng Zhoufang , Chi Lifeng
Published: July 2021

A flexible and highly effective SERS chip fully covered with silver nanoparticles is obtained on Kapton tape. Long-term SERS stability with 98.2% residual activity for up to 4 months is achieved with PET film encapsulation.
Fabrication of biocompatible porous SAIB/silk fibroin scaffolds using ionic liquids
Authors: Gonçalves C. , Gomes J. M. , Maia F. R. , Radhouani H. , Silva S. S. , Reis R. L. , Oliveira J. M.
Published: July 2021

This work brings new perspectives for the use of Sucrose Acetate Isobutyrate (SAIB) for tissue engineering scaffolding products. Porous SAIB/Silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds with tunable properties were synthesized using ionic liquids.
Imino-thiolate-templated synthesis of a chloride-selective neutral macrocyclic host with a specific “turn-off–on” fluorescence response for hypochlorite (ClO−)
Authors: Dąbrowa Kajetan , Lindner Marcin , Tyszka-Gumkowska Agata , Jurczak Janusz
Published: July 2021

A precise replacement of one oxygen atom with sulfur allowed a novel thioimidate anion-templated macrocyclization to form a crowded host 2 with the ability to act as a highly selective and sensitive fluorescence probe for hypochlorite (ClO−).
Copper-catalyzed [3 + 2]/[3 + 2] carboannulation of dienynes and arylsulfonyl chlorides enabled by Smiles rearrangement: access to cyclopenta[a]indene-fused quinolinones
Authors: Zhou Liwei , Liu Xiaodong , Lu Haiyan , Deng Guobo , Liang Yun , Yang Yuan , Li Jin-Heng
Published: July 2021

A radical Smiles rearrangement strategy for allowing an unprecedented [3 + 2]/[3 + 2] carboannulation of dienynes with arylsulfonyl chlorides using cheap copper catalysis is described.
Application of the stabilization effect of a silyl group in radical-polar crossover reactions enabled by photoredox-neutral catalysis
Authors: Yang Naiyuan , Fang Yewen , Xu Fenfen , Zhou Rong , Jin Xiaoping , Zhang Li , Shi Jianxun , Fang Jianghua , Wu Hao , Zhang Zongyong
Published: July 2021

Taking advantage of the stabilization effect of a silyl group, with a bulky but positive nature, a range of less investigated organosilanes could be generally accessed via photoredox-catalysed radical-polar crossover reactions.
Active targeting of cancer cells by CD44 binding peptide-functionalized oil core-based nanocapsules
Authors: De Capua A. , Palladino A. , Chino M. , Attanasio C. , Lombardi A. , Vecchione R. , Netti P. A.
Published: July 2021

CD44 binding peptide was implemented onto an oil core–polymer multilayer shell of 100 nm size and completely biodegradable. Biological tests, demonstrated that the proposed nanocarrier selectively accumulates and internalizes in cancer cells.
Hydrothermal green synthesis of MoS2 nanosheets for pollution abatement and antifungal applications
Authors: Mulu Mengistu , RamaDevi Dharmasoth , Belachew Neway , Basavaiah K.
Published: July 2021

In this study, we report a green synthesis of MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) using a facile hydrothermal technique in the presence of l-cysteine.
Ruthenium(iv) N-confused porphyrin μ-oxo-bridged dimers: acid-responsive molecular rotors
Authors: Iwanaga Osamu , Fukuyama Kazuki , Mori Shigeki , Song Jun Tae , Ishihara Tatsumi , Miyazaki Takaaki , Ishida Masatoshi , Furuta Hiroyuki
Published: July 2021

Ring rotation of ruthenium(iv) N-confused porphyrin μ-oxo-dimer was controlled by protonation at the peripheral nitrogen moieties.
Enhanced methane conversion using Ni-doped calcium ferrite oxygen carriers in chemical looping partial oxidation systems with CO2 utilization
Authors: Shah Vedant , Cheng Zhuo , Mohapatra Pinak , Fan Liang-Shih
Published: July 2021

Enhanced methane and CO2 conversion by utilizing Ni-doped calcium ferrite oxygen carriers for the chemical looping partial oxidation technology.
Development of a continuous-flow system with immobilized biocatalysts towards sustainable bioprocessing
Authors: Naramittanakul Apisit , Buttranon Supacha , Petchsuk Atitsa , Chaiyen Pimchai , Weeranoppanant Nopphon
Published: July 2021

Implementing immobilized biocatalysts in continuous-flow systems can enable a sustainable process through enhanced enzyme stability, better transport and process continuity as well as simplified recycle and downstream processing.
Predicting potentially hazardous chemical reactions using an explainable neural network
Authors: Kim Juhwan , Gu Geun Ho , Noh Juhwan , Kim Seongun , Gim Suji , Choi Jaesik , Jung Yousung
Published: July 2021

An explainable neural network model is developed to predict the formation of hazardous products for chemical reactions. An input attribution method, layer-wise relevance propagation, is used to explain the decision-making process.
State-selective frustration as a key driver of allosteric pluripotency
Authors: Byun Jung Ah , VanSchouwen Bryan , Parikh Nishi , Akimoto Madoka , McNicholl Eric Tyler , Melacini Giuseppe
Published: July 2021

The Rp-cAMPS ligand of protein kinase A switches from agonist to antagonist depending on metabolite and proteomic contexts. We show that the state-selective frustration is a key driver of this allosteric pluripotency phenomenon.
Peptide and protein assays using customizable bio-affinity arrays combined with ambient ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xuemeng , Wang Wei , Zare Richard N. , Min Qianhao
Published: July 2021

Customizable bio-affinity arrays were interfaced with ambient ionization mass spectrometry for high-throughput assays of protein/peptide biomarkers in biofluids.
Temperature-dependence of radical-trapping activity of phenoxazine, phenothiazine and their aza-analogues clarifies the way forward for new antioxidant design
Authors: Poon Jia-Fei , Farmer Luke A. , Haidasz Evan A. , Pratt Derek A.
Published: July 2021

Studies of potent diarylamine antioxidants illustrate how their high-temperature activity can be limited by direct reaction with O2, and how driving force and barrier to oxidation can be modulated for future antioxidant development.
A supramolecular polymeric heterojunction composed of an all-carbon conjugated polymer and fullerenes
Authors: Wang Shengda , Li Xingcheng , Zhang Xinyu , Huang Pingsen , Fang Pengwei , Wang Junhui , Yang Shangfeng , Wu Kaifeng , Du Pingwu
Published: July 2021

Herein, we design and synthesize a novel all-carbon supramolecular polymer host (SPh) containing conjugated macrocycles interconnected by a linear poly(para-phenylene) backbone.
Boosting Zn-ion adsorption in cross-linked N/P co-incorporated porous carbon nanosheets for the zinc-ion hybrid capacitor
Authors: Zhang Hanfang , Chen Zhensheng , Zhang Yihe , Ma Zequn , Zhang Yingge , Bai Liqi , Sun Li
Published: July 2021

Zn-Ion adsorption is boosted in cross-linked N/P co-incorporated porous carbon nanosheets derived from cellulose for enhanced capacity in a zinc-ion hybrid capacitor.
Succinic anhydride as a deposition-regulating additive for dendrite-free lithium metal anodes
Authors: Xie Yu-Xiang , Huang Yi-Xin , Wu Xiao-Hong , Shi Chen-Gung , Wu Li-Na , Song Cun , Fan Jing-Jing , Dai Peng , Huang Ling , Hua Ying-Jie , Wang Chong-Tai , Wei Yi-Min , Sun Shi-Gang
Published: July 2021

As a deposition-regulating additive, succinic anhydride efficiently suppresses dendritic growth, which significantly improve the cycle life of Li anodes. This behavior is attributed to a change in the solvation structure of Li+.
Self-healing liquid Ga-based anodes with regulated wetting and working temperatures for advanced Mg ion batteries
Authors: Song Meijia , Niu Jiazheng , Cui Wenrun , Bai Qingguo , Zhang Zhonghua
Published: July 2021

Self-healing liquid Ga-based anodes with regulated wetting and working temperatures were fabricated for advanced Mg ion batteries.
Live attenuated vaccines for tuberculosis
Authors: Kupz Andreas
Published: July 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of infectious death worldwide. TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and transmission happens via inhalation of droplets and aerosols coughed by an individual with active disease. There are about 10 million cases of active TB annually, and it is estimated that approximately 2 billion people are latently infected. Although most latently infected individuals are not sick and do not transmit the disease, in about 5%–10% of these people the disease reactivates. TB kills about 1.5 million people each year and resistance to current treatments increases steadily. Prevention of TB via a vaccine is considered the optimal solution by the World Health Organization. Presently, the only licensed vaccine against TB, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), prevents childhood versions of TB but affords low efficiency in the prevention and transmission of the disease in adults. Hence, an improved vaccine is urgently required to combat TB.
Voice Quality of Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Nip Ignatius S. B. , Garellek Marc
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Many children with cerebral palsy (CP) are described as having altered vocal quality. The current study utilizes psychoacoustic measures, namely, low-amplitude (H1*–H2*) and high-amplitude (H1*–A2*) spectral tilt and cepstral peak prominence (CPP), to identify the vocal fold articulation characteristics in this population.

Method

Eight children with CP and eight typically developing (TD) peers produced vowel singletons [i, ɑ, u] and a story retell task with the same vowels in the words “beets, Bobby, boots.” H1*–H2*, H1*–A2*, and CPP were extracted from each vowel. Results were analyzed with mixed linear models to identify the effect of Group (CP, TD), Task (vowel singleton, story retell), and Vowel [i, ɑ, u] on the dependent variables.

Results

Children with CP have lower spectral tilt values (H1*–H2* and H1*–A2*) and lower CPP values than their TD peers. For both groups, vowel singletons were associated with lower CPP values as compared to story retell. Finally, the vowel [ɑ] was associated with higher spectral tilt and higher CPP values as compared to [i, u].

Conclusions

Children with CP have more constricted and creaky vocal quality due to lower spectral tilt and greater noise. Unlike adults, children demonstrate poorer vocal fold articulation when producing vowel singletons as compared to story retell. Finally, low vowels like [ɑ] seem to be produced with less constriction and noise as compared to high vowels.
Exploring Relationships Among Risk Factors for Persistence in Early Childhood Stuttering
Authors: Walsh Bridget , Christ Sharon , Weber Christine
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate how epidemiological and clinical factors collectively predict whether a preschooler who is stuttering will persist or recover and to provide guidance on how clinicians can use these factors to evaluate a child's risk for stuttering persistence.

Method

We collected epidemiological and clinical measures from 52 preschoolers (M= 54.4 months,SD= 6.7 months; 38 boys and 14 girls) diagnosed as stuttering. We then followed these children longitudinally to document whether they eventually recovered or persisted in stuttering. Risk factors found to be significantly associated with stuttering persistence were used to build single and multiple variable predictive statistical models. Finally, we assessed each model's prediction capabilities by recording how accurate a model was in predicting a child's stuttering outcome—persisting or recovered.

Results

We found that a positive family history of stuttering, poorer performance on a standardized articulation/phonological assessment, higher frequency of stuttering-like disfluencies during spontaneous speech, and lower accuracy on a nonword repetition task were all significantly associated with an increased probability of persistence. The interaction between family history of stuttering and nonword repetition performance was also significant. The full multiple regression model incorporating all these risk factors resulted in the best fitting model with the highest predictive accuracy and lowest error rate.

Conclusions

For the first time, we show how multiple risk factors collectively predict the probability of stuttering persistence in 3- to 5-year-old preschool children who stutter. Using the full combination of risk factors to assess preschoolers who stutter yielded more accurate predictions of persistence compared to sparser models. A better understanding of the factors that underlie stuttering persistence will yield insight into the underpinnings of chronic stuttering and will help identify etiological targets for novel treatment approaches.
Nebular Hα emission in Type Ia supernova 2016jae
Authors: Elias-Rosa N. , Chen P. , Benetti S. , Dong S. , Prieto J. L. , Cappellaro E. , Kollmeier J. A. , Morrell N. , Piro A. L. , Phillips M. M.
Published: July 2021

There is a wide consensus that Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) originate from the thermonuclear explosion of CO white dwarfs (WDs), with the lack of hydrogen in the observed spectra as a distinctive feature. Here, we present supernova (SN) 2016jae, which was classified as an SN Ia from a spectrum obtained soon after its discovery. The SN reached a B-band peak of −17.93 ± 0.34 mag, followed by a fast luminosity decline with sBV0.56 ± 0.06 and inferred Δm15(B) of 1.88 ± 0.10 mag. Overall, the SN appears to be a ‘transitional’ event between a ‘normal’ SN Ia and a very dim SN Ia, such as 91bg-like SNe. Its peculiarity is that two late-time spectra, taken at +84 and +142 days after the peak, show a narrow line of Hα (with full width at half maximum of ∼650 and 1000 km s−1, respectively). This is the third low-luminosity and fast-declining SN Ia, after SN2018cqj/ATLAS18qtd and SN2018fhw/ASASSN-18tb, found in the 100IAS survey to show a resolved narrow Hα line in emission in its nebular-phase spectra. We argue that the nebular Hα emission originates in an expanding hydrogen-rich shell (with velocity ≤1000 km s−1). The hydrogen shell velocity is too high to be produced during a common envelope phase, though it may be consistent with some material stripped from an H-rich companion star in a single-degenerate progenitor system. However, the derived mass of this stripped hydrogen is ∼0.002–0.003 M⊙, which is much less than that expected (> 0.1 M⊙) from standard models for these scenarios. Another plausible sequence of events is a weak SN ejecta interaction with an H shell ejected by optically thick winds or a nova-like eruption on the CO WD progenitor some years before the SN explosion.
Development of technologies for the pour point depressant treatment of an annular near-wall layer of oil pumped through a main pipeline
Authors: Bisengaliev M.D. , Zholbasarova A.T. , Togasheva A.R. , Bayamirova R.Y. , Sarbopeeva M.D.
Published: July 2021

The technology of depressant utilization, which essentially depends on the method of its addition to oil, has a substantial impact on the efficiency of the main pipeline. Direct injection of a pour point depressant into the reservoir enables to maintain optimal conditions for oil processing, namely, to cool the oil at an optimal rate and, which is especially important, in static conditions. But in this case, significant capital investments will be required for mixing devices, devices for cooling oil, for the construction of additional tanks, etc. The addition of pour point directly into the pipeline (before or after the head pumping and heating stations) cannot provide optimal cooling conditions. This process does not significantly improve the rheological properties of oil as compared to the introduction of a depressant directly into the reservoir. The introduction of a pour point depressant directly into the pipeline will significantly reduce capital costs for processing highly paraffinic oil and the advantages of this method are obvious. The proposed method of depressant utilization will reduce their consumption, and energy consumption for heating oil. This goal is achieved by the fact that the pour point depressant is not added to the entire volume of highly paraffinic oil pumped through the pipeline, but only to the annular near-wall layer of oil in the pipe, thus creating a low-viscosity near-wall layer of the pumped highly paraffinic oil. This paper presents a scheme for the implementation of the proposed method and formulas for thermal calculations of the pipeline sections considering depressant addition to oil.
Contacting Stability of Sliding Electrical Contacts
Authors: Plokhov Igor , Savraev Igor , Ilyin Alexander , Kozyreva Oksana , Loginov Sergei
Published: July 2021

It is stated that the operation of the sliding contact unit is accompanied by vibrations of the brushes that occur as a result of internal and external mechanical influences. The resulting violations of the sliding contact (SC) and the instability of contacting lead to a deterioration in the quality of current transmission, increased sparking, accelerated wear of the SC. The article is devoted to the derivation and verification of universal formulas for calculating the relative instability factor (RIF) of the SC. Derived formulas allow calculating the RIF of any SC compounds. Mathematical expressions are obtained to determine the distributions of instability in the tangential and axial directions of the transition layer of the SC. An experimental stand for studying the instability of various SC compounds at idle and in the rated load mode is described. The contacting cycle, which establishes a correspondence between the instantaneous value of the length of the measuring platform and the movement of the collector is described. Expressions for determining the equivalent length of the measuring area for different cases of placing the measuring brush relative to the zone of the main sliding contact are derived. These formulas allow us to find the RIF of various SC regions on experimental data based.
The study of the isolated power supply system operation with controlled distributed generation plants, energy storage units and drive load
Authors: Bulatov Yu N , Kryukov A V , Suslov K V
Published: July 2021

Energy storage units (ESU) and distributed generation (DG) plants including those using renewable energy sources can be used to develop isolated power supply systems (IPSS) and enhance their reliability. Operation of DG plants in the IPSS requires to consider restrictions for consumers maximum load, as well as effects of abrupt load increase or load shedding on the generating plants. These problems can be resolved using ESU and intelligent technologies for DG plants control. The paper considers IPSS of an industrial facility with turbogenerator plants (TGP), wind power plant (WPP) and high-capacity ESU for which fuzzy control systems and prognostic controllers were used. The simulation was performed in the MATLAB system using the Simulink and SimPowerSystems software packages. Normal and emergency modes were studied in IPSS with TGP, WPP, and high-capacity ESU. The simulation results indicated that combined use of high-capacity ESU and prognostic controller of TGP generator rotor speed allows to ensure stability and survivability of IPSS enhancing its damping properties. The auto-prognostic controller of the TGP generator, which does not require special adjustment, provides high quality indicators of the IPSS control in all considered modes.
Threats to the economic security of a digital enterprise in the energy industry
Authors: Khusainova Ekaterina , Urazbahtina Liliya , Serkina Nina , Salixova Regina , Shackih Zoya
Published: July 2021

The progressive development of regions as open multi-level systems in the context of aggravating contradictions between the interests of economic agents at the stages of deteriorating macroeconomic conditions and intensifying competition at the global and national levels determine the need to form an effective system of economic security at the meso-level, taking into account numerous threats and risk-forming factors. On the one hand, the digital transformation of enterprises provides competitive advantages in the market, on the other hand, it is a challenge that threatens the very existence of the enterprise. The article reveals the features of a digital enterprise through the prism of process vulnerability. Digital transformation creates new threats to economic security. The main specific threats to the digital enterprise are highlighted, as well as the specific industry threats to the digital enterprise in the energy industry. A classification of threats to the economic security of a digital enterprise in the energy industry in an unstable situation is presented, which can be used as a tool for managing the economic security of a digital enterprise.
Hydro-catalytic isomerization of light gasoline fraction of Zhanazhol field’s oil
Authors: Saginayev Amanzhan , Tastanova Lyazzat , Apendina Ainagul , Ishmukhanbetova Nyasima , Dosmurzina Elena
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the present work is to show that light straight-run gasoline fraction can be used as feedstock for hydro-catalytic isomerization process, and the isomerized product can serve as a component for obtaining pure ecological commercial gasoline brand Euro-4 and Euro-5. Transformation of n-alkanes of Zhanazhol oil’s light gasoline fraction with boiling temperature 180°C was studied. Isomerization was carried out in a flow unit with a stationary layer of modified sample of industrial aluminum-platinum catalyst at 200-300°C and 2.0-4.0 MPa, with volume feed rate of 1.0-3.0 h-1 and circulation ratio of hydrogen containing gas circulation 1000-1500 m3/m3 of catalyst feed. Light gasoline fraction are subjected to a number of chemical transformations: n-paraffins isomerization, five-membered and six-membered cycloalkanes dehydroisomerization and hydrocracking. n-Alkanes are isomerized in iso-alkanes, naphthenic hydrocarbons are first subjected to hydrocracking with opening the cycle and forming n-alkanes, which are then isomerized into iso-alkanes. Thus, the reaction products contain isopentane, 2,3-dimethylbutane with octane number 92 and 104 correspondingly, and other iso-paraffinic hydrocarbons that lead to raise of gasoline octane number. By study of individual hydrocarbon composition of feedstock and isomerizate it is possible to establish some regularities hydrocarbons in the process of hydro-catalytic isomerization of light gasoline fraction.
On the influence of electric power quality on the decimation of currents and voltages of utility frequency
Authors: Vagin Gennady , Kulikov Alexander , Sevostyanov Alexander , Fitasov Anatoly
Published: July 2021

The electric power industry cannot develop without analyzing the factors that affect the shape of currents and voltages when determining the parameters of the electric network mode in the context of the introduction of modern means of intellectualization into the structure of power supply systems. The share of equipment affecting the electric power quality reaches 90% in modern electrical networks. This leads to the appearance of noise in the network that reduces the quality of electrical energy, voltage distortion by higher harmonic components in particular, and affects the adequacy of the parameters of the electrical network adopted by automatic control devices. The article presents the results of digital signal processing containing distortions in the form of a harmonic component with a decrease in the sampling frequency. It is shown that a decrease in the sampling frequency does not exclude the effect of higher harmonics on the result of processing signals, including high-frequency distortions.
Development of the Adaptive Fuzzy Control System for a Parallel-Flow Drying Drum
Authors: Muravyova E. A. , Listunova A. E. , Iskakova S. Sh. , Kaziyeva A. B. , Abdigaliyeva A. N.
Published: July 2021

The process of removing liquid from the surface or inner layers of materials is widely used by various enterprises. To implement such a process, such a method of dehydration as drying is most often used. In drying technology, drum dryers are the most common type. Controlling a drum dryer causes problems such as low efficiency (0.4-0.6) and high operating costs. To eliminate these problems, it is proposed to develop a system of adaptive fuzzy control of a continuous-flow drum dryer in order to increase the efficiency of control of technological processes of drying sand by using intelligent technologies. The method for this article is adaptive control using fuzzy logic control, which has the ability to control the parameters of the dryer depending on changes in the parameters of the control object or external disturbances acting on the control object. Adaptive fuzzy controllers are created on the basis of the proposed method. A model of the control object has been developed taking into account the links between the parameters of the technological regime. The processing of the research results was carried out using the MatLab software. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that the results can be used in enterprises where parallel-flow drying drums are used to obtain a product of the highest quality, as well as to reduce the cost of purchasing raw materials.