bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism‐Dependent Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescent Scintillation for X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Dong Mengyang , Lv Anqi , Zou Xin , Gan Nan , Peng Chenxi , Ding Meijuan , Wang Xiao , Zhou Zixing , Chen Huan , Ma Huili , Gu Long , An Zhongfu , Huang Wei
Published: January 2024

Organic phosphorescent scintillating materials have shown great potential for applications in radiography and radiation detection due to their efficient utilization of excitons. However, revealing the relationship between molecule stacking and the phosphorescent radioluminescence of scintillators is still challenging. This study reports on two phenothiazine derivatives with polymorphism‐dependent phosphorescence radioluminescence. The experiments reveal that molecule stacking significantly affects the non‐radiation decay of the triplet excitons of scintillators, which further determines the phosphorescence scintillation performance under X‐ray irradiation. These phosphorescent scintillators exhibit high radio stability and have a low detection limit of 278 nGys−1. Additionally, the potential application of these scintillators in X‐ray radiography, based on their X‐ray excited radioluminescence properties, is demonstrated. These findings provide a guideline for obtaining high‐performance phosphorescent scintillating materials by shedding light on the effect of crystal packing on the radioluminescence of organic molecules.
Tuning the Physically Induced Crystallinity of Microfabricated Bioresorbable Guides for Insertion of Flexible Neural Implants
Authors: Mousavi Hajar , Schoutens Emmie , Merhie Amira El , Dieuset Gabriel , Dauly Gautier , Galliani Marina , Wendling Fabrice , Ismailova Esma
Published: January 2024

Devices that safely interface with the brain are critical to advancing neuroengineering. Thin and flexible neural implants show great promise alongside established silicon technologies. They therefore require a physical stiffener to allow their insertion into brain tissue. Bioresorbable polymer shanks are novel transient guides  enabling accurate implantation using biocompatible materials that will be absorbed by the body over time. The development of materials with optimized stiffness and degradation is needed to provide minimally invasive probes with precise insertion capability under surgical conditions. A microfabrication protocol for the patterning of polyvinyl alcohol and its physical cross‐linking is presented, resulting in insertion guides with precise shapes and tunable degradation and stiffness. The results demonstrate a remarkable improvement in batch fabricating micro‐scale neural shanks with designed crystallinity. It results in their prolonged degradation time, evaluated in agarose gel, and remarkably improved penetrability due to the increase in mechanical stiffness. In vitro and in vivo studies support the high acceptability of this combination in interfacing with neural cells and tissue. This work represents a novel approach to the material and process engineering of bioresorbable polymers for developing fully organic and safe implants.
Rapid Design of Fully Soft Deployable Structures Via Kirigami Cuts and Active Learning
Authors: Ma Leixin , Mungekar Mrunmayi , Roychowdhury Vwani , Jawed M.K.
Published: January 2024

Soft deployable structures – unlike conventional piecewise rigid deployables based on hinges and springs – can assume intricate 3‐D shapes, thereby enabling transformative soft robotic and manufacturing technologies. Their virtually infinite degrees of freedom allow precise control over the final shape. The same enabling high dimensionality, however, poses a challenge for solving the inverse problem: fabrication of desired 3D structures requires manufacturing technologies with extensive local actuation and control, and a trial‐and‐error search over a large design space. Both of these shortcomings are addressed by first developing a simplified planar fabrication approach that combines two ingredients: strain mismatch between two layers of a composite shell and kirigami cuts that relieves localized stress. In principle, it is possible to generate targeted 3‐D shapes by designing the appropriate kirigami cuts and the amount of prestretch (without any local control). Second, a data‐driven physics‐guided framework is formulated that reduces the dimensionality of the inverse design problem using autoencoders and efficiently searches through the “latent” parameter space in an active learning approach. The rapid design procedure is demonstrated via a range of target shapes, such as peanuts, pringles, flowers, and pyramids. Experiments and our numerical predictions are found to be in good agreement.
Palladium‐Catalysed Norbornene‐Mediated Regioselective Direct C−H Glycosylation of Free (N−H) Pyrrole Derivatives
Authors: Singh Chauhan Neha , Kumar Mandal Pintu
Published: January 2024

A palladium‐catalyzed norbornene‐mediated regioselective direct C−H glycosylation of free N−H pyrrole and electron‐deficient pyrrole derivatives has been developed. The reaction involves the use of a PdII catalyst and norbornene as a transpositional co‐catalyst, in which a pyrrole‐ and norbornyl‐fused palladaheterocycle forms as the key intermediate. The 2‐substituted pyrroles, and other 2,3‐disubstituted pyrroles underwent the selective C5 glycosylation. This reaction is compatible with various types of glycosyl chlorides including D‐mannose, L‐rhamnose, D‐mannofuranose, and D‐ribofuranose. The viability of this strategy is showed by gram‐scale, various synthetic transformation and functionalization.
Sustainable Manufacturing of Graphitic Carbon from Bio‐Waste Using Flash Heating for Anode Material of Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Optimal Performance
Authors: Kaur Jasreet , Pannu Amandeep Singh , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A. , Wang Xiaodong , Frasca Paul , Alarco Jose
Published: January 2024

To address the fundamental challenge of resource sustainability and to effectively deal with issues pertaining to supply chain resilience, cost efficiency, environmental impact, and the ability to meet specific local needs; there is an urgent need for high‐grade battery anode materials produced locally from readily available raw materials. In this work, synthesis of high‐quality graphitic carbon (GH) derived from human hair is demonstrated using an in‐house engineered reactor based on Joule's Flash heating method. The GH is characterized using various techniques to examine its chemical composition, particle morphology, crystallinity, and demonstrate its usability as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. Fabricated coin cell with active material exhibits a gravimetric capacity of 320 mAh g−1 at a current density of 30 mA g−1 (equivalent to a C rate of ≈0.1C) over the 100 cycles. The in situ and ex situ studies using XRD, Raman, XPS, and UPS techniques conclude that during the initial charge cycle for GH, lithium ions diffused into the electrode during the resting period are effectively removed. This not only improves the lithium inventory to start with but also mitigates subsequent solvent degradation during solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. Thus, these improvements ultimately enhance the capacity of the anode to 500mAh g−1 at a current density of 20 mA g−1. The study offers the potential to initiate a new realm of research by redirecting the focus to a material once considered as mere waste.
Adoptive cellular therapy after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Vittayawacharin Pongthep , Kongtim Piyanuch , Chu Yaya , June Carl H. , Bollard Catherine M. , Ciurea Stefan O.
Published: January 2024

Effective cellular therapy using CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T‐cells for the treatment of advanced B‐cell malignancies raises the question of whether the administration of adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) posttransplant could reduce relapse and improve survival. Moreover, several early phase clinical studies have shown the potential beneficial effects of administration of tumor‐associated antigen‐specific T‐cells and natural killer cells posttransplant for high‐risk patients, aiming to decrease relapse and possibly improve survival. In this article, we present an in‐depth review of ACT after transplantation, which has the potential to significantly improve the efficacy of this procedure and revolutionize this field.
Frailty is an independent predictor of postoperative rescue medication use after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Rubel Kolin E. , Lopez Andrea , Lubner Rory J. , Lee Diane L. , Yancey Kristen , Chandra Rakesh K. , Chowdhury Naweed I. , Turner Justin H.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The modified five‐item frailty index (mFI‐5) is a validated risk stratification tool with the ability to predict adverse outcomes following surgery. In this study, we sought to use mFI‐5 to assess the potential relationship between unhealthy aging and postoperative endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) outcomes.

Methods

Patients who underwent sinus surgery at Vanderbilt between 2014 and 2018 were identified and assessed using the mFI‐5, which is calculated based on the presence of five comorbidities: diabetes mellitus, hypertension requiring medication, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, and non‐independent functional status. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to quantify the association of mFI‐5 score on need for rescue oral antibiotics, oral steroids, and antibiotic irrigations within 1 year following ESS, adjusting for relevant potential confounders.

Results

Four hundred and three patients met inclusion criteria.  Within 6 months of surgery, 312 (77%) required rescue antibiotics, 243 (60%) required oral corticosteroids (OCS), and 31 (8%) initiated antibiotic irrigations. Increasing mFI‐5 scores were significantly associated with higher postoperative use of rescue antibiotics (p < 0.0001), OCS (p = 0.032), and antibiotic irrigation (p < 0.0001). Frailty scores remained as an independent predictor of these outcomes after adjustment for age, polyp status, preoperative sinonasal outcomes test (SNOT‐22) score, and revision surgery status.

Conclusions

Modified frailty scores may be a useful clinical tool to predict the need for postoperative rescue medication use after ESS.
Nasoseptal flap with extended pedicle dissection based on the maxillary artery: Clinical series of 55 cases
Authors: Vinciguerra Alessandro , Turri‐Zanoni Mario , Ferrari Marco , Mattavelli Davide , Sileo Giorgio , Rampinelli Vittorio , Abbate Vincenzo , Verillaud Benjamin , Schreiber Alberto , Battaglia Paolo , Bignami Maurizio , Nicolai Piero , Castelnuovo Paolo , Herman Philippe
Published: January 2024

Key points

Nasoseptal flap with extended pedicle dissection is a low morbidity and high success rate flap.

It is a flap that can be applied to reconstruct a wide range of ipsilateral skull base defects.
Tissue‐specific early and late activated lymphocytes immunophenotype in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: López‐Enríquez Soledad , Porras‐González Cristina , Moreno‐Luna Ramón , Palomares Francisca , Muñoz‐Bravo José Luis , Alba Gonzalo , Santa‐María Consuelo , Maza‐Solano Juan , Martín‐Jiménez Daniel Iván , Pérez‐Pérez Antonio , Moreno‐Luna Rafael , Sánchez‐Margalet Víctor , Sánchez‐Gómez Serafín
Published: January 2024

Key points

T‐cell activation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is enriched by late cytotoxic T cells.

The proportion of early and intermediate activated cytotoxic T cells decreases in nasal polyps of patients with CRSwNP.

Our results identify late activated cytotoxic T cells as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for patients with CRSwNP.
Down Syndrome Biobank Consortium: A perspective
Authors: Aldecoa Iban , Barroeta Isabel , Carroll Steven L. , Fortea Juan , Gilmore Anah , Ginsberg Stephen D. , Guzman Samuel J. , Hamlett Eric D. , Head Elizabeth , Perez Sylvia E. , Potter Huntington , Molina‐Porcel Laura , Raha‐Chowdhury Ruma , Wisniewski Thomas , Yong William H. , Zaman Shahid , Ghosh Sujay , Mufson Elliott J. , Granholm Ann‐Charlotte
Published: January 2024

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have a partial or complete trisomy of chromosome 21, resulting in an increased risk for early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐type dementia by early midlife. Despite ongoing clinical trials to treat late‐onset AD, individuals with DS are often excluded. Furthermore, timely diagnosis or management is often not available. Of the genetic causes of AD, people with DS represent the largest cohort. Currently, there is a knowledge gap regarding the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of DS‐related AD (DS‐AD), partly due to limited access to well‐characterized brain tissue and biomaterials for research. To address this challenge, we created an international consortium of brain banks focused on collecting and disseminating brain tissue from persons with DS throughout their lifespan, named the Down Syndrome Biobank Consortium (DSBC) consisting of 11 biobanking sites located in Europe, India, and the USA. This perspective describes the DSBC harmonized protocols and tissue dissemination goals.
Nanomedicine‐Enabled Mild Photothermal Therapy Strategies for Enhanced Antitumor Treatment
Authors: Li Yongjuan , Zhu Xinran , Dong Ya , Yang Yang , Shen Danyang , Li Zhenzhen , Li Rui , Dang Xiaowei , Qin Zhihai , Fan Kelong
Published: January 2024

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a promising approach for tumor ablation utilizing hyperthermia offers several advantages, including non‐invasiveness, spatiotemporal controllability, and notable therapeutic efficacy. However, the clinical application of PTT is challenged by the heat diffusion. To address this, mild PTT (mPTT) has gained attention as an alternative strategy, operating at temperatures below 45 °C, with remarkable antitumor effects and minimal thermal damage to nearby normal tissues. Despite these benefits, the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) induces thermal resistance, which limits the therapeutic potential and practical implementation of mPTT. Nanomedicines have emerged as a solution to overcome these challenges, offering improved solubility, prolonged circulation time, enhanced tumor accumulation, and controlled cargo release, surpassing the capabilities of small molecular HSP inhibitors. Herein, it has been aimed to discuss the current landscape of photothermal agents, elucidate the underlying mechanisms of mPTT, highlight the benefits of mPTT in combination therapy, and explore the potential of nanomedicines to enhance mPTT efficacy. Additionally, future directions for the development of mPTT are presented and the challenges that are needed to be addressed are identified, with the aim of encouraging further research contributions to advance mPTT toward clinical applications.
Fundamentals of Unanticipated Efficiency of Gd2O3‐based Catalysts in Oxidative Coupling of Methane
Authors: Wu Kai , Zanina Anna , Kondratenko Vita A. , Xu Lin , Li Jianshu , Chen Juan , Lund Henrik , Bartling Stephan , Li Yuming , Jiang Guiyuan , Kondratenko Evgenii V.
Published: January 2024

Improving the selectivity in the oxidative coupling of methane to ethane/ethylene poses a significant challenge for commercialization. The required improvements are hampered by the uncertainties associated with the reaction mechanism due to its complexity. Herein, we report about 90 % selectivity to the target products at 11 % methane conversion over Gd2O3‐based catalysts at 700 °C using N2O as the oxidant. Sophisticated kinetic studies have suggested the nature of adsorbed oxygen species and their binding strength as key parameters for undesired methane oxidation to carbon oxides. These descriptors can be controlled by a metal oxide promoter for Gd2O3.
Establishment of diabetes mellitus model using Bombyx mori silkworms in a low‐temperature environment
Authors: Hou Jiaming , Tan Cheng , Chen Nan , Zhou Yuan , Huang Shaojun , Chen Huani , Qian Li
Published: January 2024

Due to the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, researchers have conducted numerous experimental animal studies. However, the mammalian diabetes model is cumbersome and expensive to operate, while the cheap and simple common silkworm diabetes model has the disadvantage of a short cycle time. Since the growth of silkworms is greatly affected by environmental factors, we extended the five‐age cycle of silkworms by lowering the ambient temperature to establish a novel low‐temperature silkworm diabetes model. Our goal was to determine whether the low‐temperature feeding of a high‐sugar diet to silkworms could serve as an effective animal model for diabetes. Also, we aimed to resolve certain issues concerning the normal temperature silkworm diabetes model, such as the short time frame for experiments and erratic fluctuations in blood sugar levels. Silkworms weighing between 0.9 and 1.0 g at the beginning of the fifth instar were selected, and we created diabetic silkworms by feeding mulberry leaves containing 4% glucose daily in a 16–20°C environment. When the silkworms were kept at a cooler temperature, the fifth instar stage lasted for an additional 9–11 days. In the model group, 83.3% of the silkworms had blood glucose levels greater than 7.8 mmol/L, while the total prevalence of diabetic silkworms was 89.8%. Moreover, JNK phosphorylation expression rose in the model group, while PI3K expression fell. Additionally, the JNK and PI3K signaling pathway expressions matched diabetic signals. Therefore, using silkworms to create a diabetes model in a cool environment is a straightforward and cost‐effective approach to studying diabetes in animals.
Singularity attenuation with quantum‐mechanically revisited metric tensor
Authors: Tawfik Abdel Nasser , Dabash Tahia F. , Elshehri Azzah
Published: January 2024

The space and initial singularities are reexamined in the most reliable solutions to the Einstein's field equations (EFE), that is, the Einstein–Gilbert–Straus (EGS) metric. In discretized Finsler geometry, additional curvatures and thereby geometric structures likely emerge, which are distinct from the conventional spacetime curvatures and geometric structures that the Einstein's theory of general relativity introduced. The generalized fundamental tensor, which is obtained in the Fisleriean geometry, imposes quantum‐mechanically revisions on the Landau–Raychaudhuri evolution equations. The time‐like geodesic congruence in EGS metric is then analyzed, analytically and numerically. The evolution of a family of trajectories whose congruence is defined by the flow lines generated by velocity fields is determined. We conclude that both two types of singularities seem to be attenuated or even regulate. With the singularity attenuation, we refer to the fundamental nature of the additional curvatures at quantum relativistic scales.
Evaluation of Biological Potency of two Endemic Species Integrated with in vitro and in silico Approches: LC–MS/MS Analysis of the Plants
Authors: Kısa Dursun , Baş Topcu Kübra Sena , Tunçkol Bilge , Genç Nusret , Imamoğlu Rizvan
Published: January 2024

In the present study, the main phytochemical components of endemic plant extracts and inhibitory potency were screened related to different biological activities. Seven compounds were quantified, and cyanidin‐3‐o‐glucoside was the dominant secondary metabolite in the extract of plants. The extract from P. asiae‐minoris (PAM) exhibited the best enzyme inhibitory activity against BChE (1.73±0.23 μg mL−1), tyrosinase (2.47±0.28 μg mL−1), α‐glucosidase (5.28±0.66 μg mL−1), AChE (8.66±0.86 μg mL−1), and ACE (19.27±1.02 μg mL−1). In vitro antioxidant assay, PAM extract possessed the highest activity in respect of DPPH radical scavenging (24.29±0.23 μg/mL), ABTS⋅+ scavenging (13.50±0.27 μg/mL) and FRAP reducing power (1.56±0.01 μmol TE/g extract). MIC values ranged from 1–8 mg/mL for antibacterial ability, and the PAM extract showed a stronger effect for B. subtilis, E. faecalis, and E. coli at 1 mg/mL. The antiproliferative ability of A. bartinense (AB) extract demonstrated a suppressive effect (IC50: 70.26 μg/mL) for pancreatic cancer cell lines. According to the affinity scores analysis, the cyanidin‐3‐o‐glucoside demonstrated the lowest docking scores against ACE, AChE, BChE, and collagenase. It was found that the PAM extract exhibited better inhibitory capabilities than A. bartinense. The P. asiae‐minoris plant, reported to be in the Critically Endangered (CR) category, should be conserved by culturing, considering its biological abilities.
High Selectivity of A Novel Pillar[5]arene with Ester Units as a Gas Chromatographic Stationary Phase toward Aromatic Isomers
Authors: Li Wen , Ba Mengyi , Song Yanli , Zhang Yuanyuan , Xu Xiang , Liu Haixin , Li Leyao , Liu Xinyi , Cai Zhiqiang , Sun Tao
Published: January 2024

This work reports the first example of employing ester‐functionalized pillar[5]arene (P5A‐C10‐OAc) stationary phase for gas chromatography (GC) separations. The as‐fabricated P5A‐C10‐OAc column achieved improved column efficiency of 4270 plates/m and separation performance in contrast to the P5‐C10‐Br column. The P5A‐C10‐OAc column showed good separation performance for a wide range of analytes such as alkanes, bromoalkanes, ketones, fatty acid methyl esters, aldehydes, alcohols, halobenzenes, anilines, phenols, naphthalenes, and showed sharp and symmetrical peak shapes for analytes that are liable to peak‐tailing in GC analysis. As testified by the challenging isomer mixtures (bromonitrobenzene, chloronitrobenzene, bromobenzaldehyde, chlorobenzaldehyde, nitrobenzaldehyde), the P5A‐C10‐OAc column exhibited comprehensively higher separation capability than the P5A‐C10‐Br, P5A‐C10 and commercial HP‐35 columns. This work demonstrates the great potential of pillararene‐based stationary phases as a new type of stationary phases for GC separations.
Exploring In‐Silico, In‐Vitro Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Potential of Valerian wallichii by On Cervical Epithelial Carcinoma (HeLa) Cell Lines
Authors: Gudasi Sachin , Gharge Shankar , Koli Rahul , Kagawad Pooja
Published: January 2024

Traditional medicinal practices often utilize herbal remedies for treating various diseases. This study focuses on exploring the phytochemical constituents, in‐silico, in‐vitro antioxidant, and anticancer activities of Valerian wallichii root extracts on human cervical epithelial carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines. The molecular docking approach was employed to predict the ligand molecule‘s orientation within the receptor like Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase domain (PDB ID: 1M17) using Schrodinger's GLIDE model. Among the selected phytocompounds, hesperidin exhibited promising inhibitory activity against EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) domain with −8.701 kcal/mol docking score and interactions with MET 769, ASP 831, ASP776, LEU694 and ASN818 residues as compared to standard doxorubicin with −7.6 kcal/mol docking score and interactions with ASP 831, ASN818 and ASP776 residues and further, various antioxidant activity was assessed and In‐vitro anticancer activity against HeLa cell lines was evaluated by hydroalcoholic root extracts demonstrated antioxidant capacities, and selective cytotoxicity was observed, with IC50: 45.759±0.42 μg/mL for the overall extract and IC50: 30.245±0.58 μg/mL for the EAF fraction as compared to standard doxorubicin with IC50: 25.9891±0.25 μg/mL, respectively. The present study concluded that Valerian wallichii L possesses potential human cervical epithelial carcinoma cell line inhibition properties based on the computer aided drug design models and in‐vitro activity.
Electrochemical Cascade Cyclization of N‐Centered Radicals with Electro‐Deficient Alkynes
Authors: Qian Wei‐Feng , Ouyang Yan‐Yan , Zhu Cuiju , Xu Hao
Published: January 2024

Indoline‐fused polycyclic scaffolds are virtually universal in biological and pharmaceutical. Here we demonstrate a facile electrooxidative cascade cyclization for indoline‐based derivatives, employing amidyl radicals with ynones under mild conditions. The efficient method enables the formation of two new C−N and C−C bonds in a single step with high regioselectivity. Various indoline‐based tetracyclic 6/5/6/6 skeletons can be achieved through a biscyclization/dehydrogenation cascade process. Additionally, this electrochemical strategy proceeds in a sustainable metal‐ and oxidant‐free condition, with H2 being the solely byproduct.
Synthesis of 1,1′‐Bicarbazoles by Sequential Iron(III)‐ and Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling Reactions**
Authors: Thoran Robert , Puls Florian , Knölker Hans‐Joachim
Published: January 2024

The iron(III)‐catalyzed oxidative coupling of diarylamines to 2,2′‐bis(arylamino)‐1,1′‐biaryls and subsequent twofold palladium(II)‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization provide a convergent synthetic route to 1,1′‐bicarbazoles. Screening a range of different palladium(II) salts led to palladium(II) acetate, pivalate, and hexafluoroacetylacetonate as the most efficient catalysts. Remarkably, the twofold palladium(II)‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization can also be performed under argon. The mechanism for the oxidative cyclization under an inert gas presumably involves regeneration of the catalytically active palladium(II) species by oxidative addition of pivalic acid.
Catalytic Oxidation of Methanol to Formaldehyde Catalyzed by Iron Complex with N3S3‐type Tripodal Ligand
Authors: Kubo Masaki , Nakane Daisuke , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Ozawa Tomohiro , Inomata Tomohiko , Masuda Hideki
Published: January 2024

A Fe3+ complex with N3S3‐type tripod ligand, 1, reacts with O2 in CH3OH to generate formaldehyde, which has been studied structurally, spectroscopically, and electrochemically. Complex 1 crystallizes as an octahedral structure with crystallographic C3 symmetry around the metal, with Fe‐N=2.2917(17) Å and Fe‐S=2.3574(6) Å. UV‐vis spectrum of 1 in CH3OH under Ar shows an intense band at 572 nm (ϵ 4,100 M−1cm−1), which shifts to 590 nm (ϵ 2,860 M−1cm−1) by the addition of O2, and a new peak appeared at 781 nm (ϵ 790 M−1cm−1). Such a spectral change is not observed in CH2Cl2. Cyclic voltammogram (CV) of 1 in CH2Cl2 under Ar gives reversible redox waves assigned to Fe2+/Fe3+ and Fe3+/Fe4+ couples at −1.60 V (ΔE=69 mV) and −0.53 V (ΔE=71 mV) vs Fc/Fc+, respectively. In contrast, in CH3OH, the reversible redox waves, albeit accompanied by a positive shift of the Fe2+/Fe3+ couple, are observed at −1.20 V (ΔE=85 mV) and −0.53 V (ΔE=64 mV) vs Fc/Fc+ under Ar. Interestingly, a catalytic current was observed for the CV of 1 in CH3OH in the presence of CH3ONa under Ar, when the sweep rate was slowed down.
Mimicking the Shape and Function of the ClC Chloride Channel Selective Pore by Combining a Molecular Hourglass Shape with Anion–π Interactions
Authors: Huang Wen‐Long , Wang Xu‐Dong , Ao Yu‐Fei , Wang Qi‐Qiang , Wang De‐Xian
Published: January 2024

ClC is the main family of natural chloride channel proteins that transport Cl− across the cell membrane with high selectivity. The chloride transport and selectivity are determined by the hourglass‐shaped pore and the filter located in the central and narrow region of the pore. Artificial unimolecular channel that mimics both the shape and function of the ClC selective pore is attractive, because it could provide simple molecular model to probe the intriguing mechanism and structure‐function relevance of ClC. Here we elaborated upon the concept of molecular hourglass plus anion–π interactions for this purpose. The concept was validated by experimental results of molecular hourglasses using shape‐persistent 1,3‐alternate tetraoxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine as the central macrocyclic skeleton to control the conductance and selectivity, and anion–π interactions as the driving force to facilitate the chloride dehydration and movement along the channel.
C−F Bond Insertion: An Emerging Strategy for Constructing Fluorinated Molecules
Authors: Garg Arushi , Haswell Alex , Hopkinson Matthew N.
Published: January 2024

C−F Insertion reactions, where an organic fragment formally inserts into a carbon–fluorine bond in a substrate, are highly attractive, yet largely unexplored, methods to prepare valuable fluorinated molecules. The inherent strength of C−F bonds and the resulting need for a large thermodynamic driving force to initiate C−F cleavage often leads to sequestering of the released fluoride in an unreactive by‐product. Recently, however, several groups have succeeded in overcoming this challenge, opening up the study of C−F insertion as an efficient and highly atom‐economical approach to prepare fluorinated compounds. In this article, the recent breakthroughs are discussed focusing on the key conceptual advances that allowed for both C−F bond cleavage and subsequent incorporation of the released fluoride into the product.
Microfluidic study of surfactant flooding of heavy oil in layered porous media containing fractures
Authors: Arabloo Milad , Ghazanfari Mohammad H. , Rashtchian Davood
Published: January 2024

Surfactant injection is a promising method for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to its effective micro‐displacement mechanisms. However, understanding the interaction of a surfactant solution with heavy oil in porous media is neither straightforward nor well understood, particularly in heterogeneous systems. By enabling in‐situ real‐time monitoring of flow transport, microfluidic studies have provided novel insights into the underlying multiphase physics of flow at the pore scale. This paper examines the two‐phase displacement efficiency of a new surfactant in layered–fractured porous microfluidic patterns, a topic seldom discussed in the literature. To evaluate the performance of the proposed surfactant, we considered several heterogeneous media with varying layer and fracture geometrical characteristics, quantifying displacement efficiency for each case. Based on the analysis of pore‐scale snapshots, it was inferred that the primary mechanisms responsible for EOR during surfactant flooding into heavy oil include pore wall transportation, emulsifications, the deformation of residual oil, inter‐pore or intra‐pore bridging, and wettability alteration. Macroscopic displacement experiments revealed that the width of the swept area from surfactant injection significantly exceeded that of water injection, resulting in a substantially higher oil recovery. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the direction of fluid flow in relation to fracture orientation plays a critical role in the dynamics of surfactant solution movement and, consequently, the ultimate oil production.
Antibody–drug conjugates transform the outcome of individuals with low‐HER2‐expression advanced breast cancer
Authors: Qu Fei , Lu Rongrong , Liu Qian , Wu Xuefang , Huang Xiang , Yin Yongmei , Li Wei
Published: January 2024

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs)—a groundbreaking class of agents for targeted oncological therapies—consist of monoclonal antibodies with strong antigenic specificity coupled with highly active cytotoxic agents (also referred to as “payloads”). Over the past 2 decades, breast cancer research has evolved into a focal point for the research and development of ADCs, leading to several recent landmark publications. These advancements are ushering in a transformative era in breast cancer treatment and redefining conventional classifications by introducing a prospective subtype termed “HER2‐low.” The latest iterations of ADCs have demonstrated enhanced efficacy in disease management through the optimization of various factors, notably the incorporation of the bystander effect. These conjugates are no longer limited to the oncogenic driver human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Other antigens, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3), trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop‐2), zinc transporter ZIP6 (LIV‐1), and folate receptor α (FRα), have recently emerged as intriguing tumor cell surface nondriver gene targets for ADCs, each with one or more specific ADCs that showed encouraging results in the breast cancer field. This article reviews recent advances in the application of ADCs in the treatment of HER2‐low breast cancer. Additionally, this review explores the underlying factors contributing to the impact of target selection on ADC efficacy to provide new insights for optimizing the clinical application of ADCs in individuals with low HER2 expression in advanced breast cancer.
Construction of hierarchical NiCo2S4/2D‐Carbyne nanohybrid onto nickel foam for high performance supercapacitor and non‐enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor applications
Authors: Dhandapani Preethi , Subbiah Petchimuthuraju Arunachala Kumar , Prasad Rajendra Saradh , AlSalhi Mohamad S , Angaiah Subramania
Published: January 2024

Synthesising and designing pseudocapacitive material with good electrochemical and electrocatalytic behaviour is essential to use as supercapacitor as well as non‐enzymatic glucose sensor electrode. In this work, NiCo2S4 nanoparticles decorated onto the 2D‐Carbyne nanosheets are achieved by the solvothermal process. The as‐prepared NiCo2S4@2D‐Carbyne provides rich reaction sites and better diffusion pathways. On usage as an electrode for supercapacitor application, the NiCo2S4@2D‐Carbyne exhibits the specific capacitance of about 2507 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. In addition, the fabricated hybrid device generates an energy density of 52.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1.01 kW kg−1. Besides, the glucose oxidation behaviour of NiCo2S4@2D‐Carbyne modified GCE has also been performed. The diffusion of glucose from the electrolyte to the electrode obeys the kinetic control process. Furthermore, the fabricated NiCo2S4@2D‐Carbyne non‐enzymatic glucose sensor exhibits a limit of detection of about 34.5 μM with a sensitivity of about 135 μA mM−1 cm−2. These findings highlight the need to design and synthesis electrode materials with adequate electrolyte‐electrode contact, strong structural integrity, and rapid ion/electron transport.
Spin Polarization of 2D Weyl Semimetal Fe2Sn Enabling High Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Activity
Authors: Liu Dong‐Xue , Hong Hong , Cao Qingqi , Wang DunHui , Du Youwei
Published: January 2024

It is well known that magnetic field is one of the effective tools to improve the activity of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but considering the inconvenient application of an external magnetic field, it is essential to find a ferromagnetic material with high HER activity itself. Fortunately, recent study has shown that the two‐dimmention (2D) Fe2Sn monolayer is a stable ferromagnetic topological Weyl semimetal material with high Tc of 433 K. Here, we report the Fe2Sn monolayer can be used as an alternative HER catalyst compared with expensive platinum (Pt). Our first‐principles results show that the Gibbs free energy (ΔGH*) value of the spin polarized Fe2Sn monolayer is −0.06 eV, much better than that without considering spin polarization (−1.23 eV). Moreover, the kinetic analysis demonstrates that the HER occurs on the Fe2Sn monolayer according to the Volmer‐Tafel mechanism with low energy barriers. Hence, our findings provide obvious evidence for spin‐polarization‐improved HER activity, paving a new way to design high‐performance HER catalysts.
Foliar application of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA‐6) alleviated summer bentgrass decline and heat damage to creeping bentgrass
Authors: Li Zhou , Zhou Min , Qi Hongyin , Cheng Bizhen , Hassan Muhammad Jawad
Published: January 2024

Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) is sensitive to supra‐optimal temperature, which makes summer bentgrass decline (SBD) a main conundrum troubling turf manager. Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA‐6) is an artificial and bioactive plant growth regulator affecting tolerance to various abiotic stresses. It is commercially available for field application due to multiple advantages such as low cost, environmentally friendly compound, and sustainable effect. However, the positive effect and mechanism of DA‐6‐mediated heat tolerance in cool‐season grass species and SBD are not yet been explored. Objectives of the study were to screen the optimal dose of DA‐6 for improvement in thermotolerance and to investigate roles of DA‐6 in regulating photosynthesis, osmotic balance, and antioxidant homeostasis in two creeping bentgrass cultivars (heat‐tolerant 13 M and heat‐sensitive Seaside II) in controlled heat condition. Summer heat tolerance induced by the DA‐6 was further evaluated for 2 years under field conditions in a subtropical zone. Results demonstrated that the optimal dose of DA‐6 was screened as 0.1 mM based on analyses of chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency, and cell membrane stability under heat stress. Foliar application of DA‐6 significantly alleviated heat‐induced leaf senescence by improving photosynthetic performance, accumulation of sugars (sucrose, fructose, and glucose) for osmotic homeostasis, and total antioxidant capacity for reactive oxygen species scavenging in the two cultivars. A 2‐year field test was further carried out to demonstrate that turf quality of the two cultivars was significantly improved after being treated by foliar DA‐6 during hot summer months in 2020 and 2021. Current findings suggested that DA‐6‐mediated thermo‐resistant mechanism was associated with photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant in cool‐season grass species. Foliar application of DA‐6 could be a cheap, effective, and environmentally friendly strategy to alleviate SBD.
Structure‐Property Relationships of Hydrogel‐based Atmospheric Water Harvesting Systems
Authors: Feng An , Shi Yihan , Onggowarsito Casey , Zhang Xin Stella , Mao Shudi , Johir Muhammed A.H. , Fu Qiang , Nghiem Long D.
Published: January 2024

Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is considered one of the promising technologies to alleviate the uneven‐distribution of water resources and water scarcity in arid regions of the world. Hydrogel‐based AWH materials are currently attracting increasing attention due to their low cost, high energy efficiency and simple preparation. However, there is a knowledge gap in the screening of hydrogel‐based AWH materials in terms of structure‐property relationships, which may increase the cost of trial and error in research and fabrication. In this study, we synthesised a variety of hydrogel‐based AWH materials, characterized their physochemcial properties visualized the electrostatic potential of polymer chains, and ultimately established the structure‐property‐application relationships of polymeric AWH materials. Poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) hydrogel is able to achieve an excellent water adsorption capacity of 0.62 g g−1 and a high water desorption efficiency of more than 90 % in relatively low‐moderate humidity environments, which is regarded as one of the polymer materials with potential for future AWH applications.
First‐order universal shadow filter designs with scaled time constants
Authors: Nako Julia , Psychalinos Costas , Minaei Shahram
Published: January 2024

First‐order generalized filter designs which simultaneously offer implementation of the low‐pass, high‐pass, and all‐pass filters basic functions with scaling of the associated time constant are presented in this work. These have been achieved thanks to the employment of the shadow filtering technique, which enables the utilization of a “hidden filter” for performing scaling of the time constant. The resulting filters offer also a high‐impedance input, and as the outputs are also taken from low‐impedance nodes, there is not any imposed restriction concerning their cascadability. The provided simulation and experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed concept.
High PSR external capacitor‐less LDO with adaptive supply‐ripple cancellation technique
Authors: Xu Siqiu , Xie Chenchen , Chen Houpeng , Li Xi , Song Zhitang
Published: January 2024

This work presents an external capacitor‐less low‐dropout regulator (CL‐LDO) with high power supply rejection (PSR) over a wide frequency and load current (
) range. The high PSR is implemented with an adaptive supply‐ripple cancellation (ASRC) technique. The proposed ASRC circuit consists of a buffer with diode‐connected structure and an adjusting unit. The novel buffer introduces the supply ripple through the diode‐connected transistor to the gate of the pass transistor, enhancing the PSR in the range of 1 MHz. Additionally, the adjusting unit trims the current of the buffer continuously according to the magnitude of
to optimize the PSR adaptively. Designed in a 55 nm CMOS process with an input voltage of 1.4 V, the proposed LDO achieves −69 dB and −55 dB PSR at 100 KHz and 1 MHz for 50 mA of
, respectively. Moreover, the maximum current efficiency of the LDO is 99.8% at a full
of 50 mA.
A quality of service‐aware routing protocol for FANETs
Authors: Malhotra Atul , Kaur Sanmeet
Published: January 2024

Flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) are a class of highly dynamic mobile ad hoc networks in which flying UAVs coordinate among themselves for delivering the data to the applications. Data routing in FANETs has been a challenge due to the inherent mobile and unpredictable movement of UAV nodes. This paper proposes a quality of service‐aware routing protocol (QARP) for FANETs which incorporates hybrid nature‐inspired heuristics to identify optimized routes to the destination UAVs. The routing mechanism operates in two phases. In the first phase, the neighbour discovery initializes the adapted firefly algorithm to identify nodes with least packet delivery delay to the destination. In the second phase, the Gaussian quantum‐behaved particle swarm optimization meta‐heuristic algorithm is utilized to identify the most optimal nodes to create a route for data delivery to destination. The proposed protocol has been tested to perform better in terms of delay, routing overhead, throughput and packet delivery ratio in comparison to MA‐DP‐AODV, MDA‐AODV and MDRMA routing protocols.
Genomic data reveal unexpected relatedness between a brown female Eastern Bluebird and her brood
Authors: Schroeder Joseph L. , Worm Alexander J. , Sweet Andrew D. , Rolland Virginie
Published: January 2024

Because plumage coloration is frequently involved in sexual selection, for both male and female mate choice, birds with aberrant plumage should have fewer mating opportunities and thus lower reproductive output. Here we report an Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) female with a brown phenotype that raised a brood of four chicks to fledging. The brown female and her mate were only related to their social offspring to the second degree and one of the offspring was a half‐sibling. We propose four family tree scenarios and discuss their implications (e.g., extra‐pair paternity, conspecific brood parasitism). Regardless of the tree, the brown female was able to find a mate, which may have been facilitated by the bottleneck created by the severe snowstorms in February 2021.
Twelve‐month follow‐up results from the SIRONA 2 clinical trial
Authors: Sharif Faisal , Rosenkranz Stephen , Bartunek Jozef , Kempf Tibor , Aßmus Birgit , Mahon Niall G. , Hiivala Nicholas J. , Mullens Wilfried
Published: January 2024

Aims

In the SIRONA 2 trial, the safety and efficacy of pulmonary artery (PA) pressure (PAP)‐guided heart failure (HF) management using a novel PAP sensor were assessed at 30 and 90 days, respectively, and both endpoints were met. The current study examines the prespecified secondary endpoints of safety and accuracy of the PA sensor along with HF hospitalizations and mortality, HF symptoms, functional capacity, quality of life, and patient compliance through 12 months.

Methods and results

SIRONA 2 is a prospective, multi‐centre, open‐label, single‐arm trial evaluating the Cordella™ PA Sensor System in 70 patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III HF with a prior HF hospitalization and/or increase of N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide within 12 months of enrolment. Sensor accuracy was assessed and compared with measurements obtained by standard right heart catheterization (RHC). Safety was defined as freedom from prespecified adverse events associated with use of the Cordella PA Sensor System and was assessed in all patients who entered the cath lab for PA sensor implant. HF hospitalizations and mortality, HF symptoms, functional capacity, quality of life, and patient compliance were also assessed. At 12 months, there was good agreement between the Cordella PA Sensor System and RHC, with the average difference for mean PAP being 2.9 ± 7.3 mmHg. The device safety profile was excellent with 98.4% freedom from device/system‐related complications. There were no pressure sensor failures. HF hospitalizations and mortality were low with a rate of 0.33 event per patient year. Symptoms as assessed by NYHA (P < 0.0001) and functional capacity as measured by 6 min walk test (P = 0.02) were significantly improved. Patients' adherence to daily transmissions of PAP and vital signs measurements was 95%.

Conclusions

Long‐term follow‐up of the SIRONA 2 trial supports the safety and accuracy of the Cordella PA Sensor System in enabling comprehensive HF management in NYHA class III HF patients.
Efficacy and safety of CDR132L in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction after myocardial infarction: Rationale and design of the HF‐REVERT trial
Authors: Bauersachs Johann , Solomon Scott D. , Anker Stefan D. , Antorrena‐Miranda Isabel , Batkai Sandor , Viereck Janika , Rump Steffen , Filippatos Gerasimos , Granzer Ulrich , Ponikowski Piotr , de Boer Rudolf A. , Vardeny Orly , Hauke Wilfried , Thum Thomas
Published: January 2024

Aim

Inhibition of microRNA (miR)‐132 effectively prevents and reverses adverse cardiac remodelling, making it an attractive heart failure (HF) target. CDR132L, a synthetic antisense oligonucleotide selectively blocking pathologically elevated miR‐132, demonstrated beneficial effects on left ventricular (LV) structure and function in relevant preclinical models, and was safe and well tolerated in a Phase 1b study in stable chronic HF patients. Patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and subsequent LV dysfunction and remodelling have limited therapeutic options, and may profit from early CDR132L treatment.

Methods

The HF‐REVERT (Phase 2, multicenter, randomized, parallel, 3‐arm, placebo‐controlled Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of CDR132L in Patients with Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction after Myocardial Infarction) evaluates the efficacy and safety of CDR132L in HF patients post‐acute MI (n = 280), comparing the effect of 5 and 10 mg/kg CDR132L, administered as three single intravenous doses 28 days apart, in addition to standard of care. Key inclusion criteria are the diagnosis of acute MI, the development of systolic dysfunction (LV ejection fraction ≤45%) and elevated N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide. The study consists of a 6‐month double‐blinded treatment period with the primary endpoint LV end‐systolic volume index and relevant secondary endpoints, followed by a 6‐month open‐label observation period.

Conclusion

The HF‐REVERT trial may underpin the concept of miR‐132 inhibition to prevent or reverse cardiac remodelling in post‐MI HF. The results will inform the design of subsequent outcome trials to test CDR132L in HF.
Original sin or natural order: Dialogical construction of social knowledge of animal production
Authors: Häkli Timo , Hakoköngäs Eemeli
Published: January 2024

This research examines the public discussion around animal production in Finland. Applying a dialogical approach to social representations theory, we elucidate the hotly debated nature of animal production by analysing news articles (N = 50) and the related reader‐produced comments (N = 1501) in Finnish newspapers. We employed qualitative methods for analysing multivoicedness and dialogue to identify ego–alter pairs constructed in the material in relation to the object of animal production. Four prevalent ego–alter pairs were identified: advocates for animal rights–animal production defenders, producers–consumers, orthodox–unorthodox Christians and provincials–urban dwellers. The study contributes to the study of everyday knowledge by showing how various contradictory understandings of the same topic are generated in public discourse. The research also demonstrates how the theoretical concept of ego–alter embedded in the social representations theory can be empirically utilised in analysing debates in contemporary media environments and to shed light on the dialogical dynamics around the discussions.