bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controllable wettability and adhesion of superhydrophobic self-assembled surfaces based on a novel azobenzene derivative
Authors: Gao Qiongqiong , He Liu , Li Yajie , Ran Xia , Guo Lijun
Published: October 2017

Solvent regulated wettability and adhesion transformations on superhydrophobic surfaces have been achieved based on a novel azobenzene derivative, AOB-Y8.
Spontaneously grown Ni(OH)2on iron oxide nanoparticles with enhanced energy storage performance for electrodes of asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Yue , Zhang Xianfeng , Li Xin , Liu Yang , Wang Xiaoping , Liu Xi , Xu Jian , Li Yongwang , Liu Yongguang , Wei Hang , Jiang Peng , Liang Minghui
Published: October 2017

Spontaneously grown Ni(OH)2over iron oxides for enhanced electrochemical energy storage performance in asymmetric supercapacitors.
Efficient hydrolysis and ethanol production from rice straw by pretreatment with organic acids and effluent of biogas plant
Authors: Momayez Forough , Karimi Keikhosro , Karimi Shiva , Horváth Ilona Sárvári
Published: October 2017

Effects of biogas effluent and its organic ingredients, i.e., acetic, butyric, lactic, and propionic acid, for the pretreatment of rice straw on enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol production was studied.
Determination of pentachlorophenol by anodic electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+ based on nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots as co-reactant
Authors: Luo Lijun , Li Libo , Xu Xixi , Liu Dong , Li Jinyang , Wang Kun , You Tianyan
Published: October 2017

A novel ultrasensitive Ru(bpy)32+-based anodic ECL sensor using NGQDs as co-reactant was developed for PCP detection.
Photodynamic therapy targeting VCAM-1-expressing human umbilical vein endothelial cells using a PpIX–VCAM-1 binding peptide–quantum dot conjugate
Authors: Yin Huijuan , Shi Xiafei , Wang Hong , Jin Wendong , Li Yingxin , Fu Ying
Published: October 2017

Enhanced PDT was induced by the conjugate of PpIX (photodynamic effect)–VCAM-1 binding peptide (target)–QD (carrier) by the augmented ROS on VCAM-1 expressing HUVEC cells.
Water dispersible surface-functionalized platinum/carbon nanorattles for size-selective catalysis
Authors: Hofer Corinne J. , Grass Robert N. , Schneider Elia M. , Hendriks Lyndsey , Herzog Antoine F. , Zeltner Martin , Günther Detlef , Stark Wendelin J.
Published: October 2017

Surface-functionalized hollow carbon nanobubbles containing platinum in their interior perform size-selective catalysis.
Strain-induced alignment and phase behavior of blue phase liquid crystals confined to thin films
Authors: Bukusoglu Emre , Martinez-Gonzalez Jose A. , Wang Xiaoguang , Zhou Ye , de Pablo Juan J. , Abbott Nicholas L.
Published: October 2017

A complex interplay of surface and elastic energies underlies strain-induced orientations of blue phase liquid crystals observed in thin films.
Decomposition vs. escape of topological defects in a nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Murray Bryce S. , Kralj Samo , Rosenblatt Charles
Published: October 2017

Nematic cells patterned with square arrays of strength m = ±1 topological defects were examined as a function of cell thickness (3 < h < 7.5 μm), temperature, and applied voltage.
Nitrogen-doped porous carbons derived from isomeric metal azolate frameworks
Authors: Zhang Xue-Wen , Jiang Lu , Mo Zong-Wen , Zhou Hao-Long , Liao Pei-Qin , Ye Jia-Wen , Zhou Dong-Dong , Zhang Jie-Peng
Published: October 2017

Nitrogen-doped porous carbons derived from three isomeric MOFs show distinctly different porosity and CO2 capture performances.
A new architecture design of Ni–Co LDH-based pseudocapacitors
Authors: Liu Yangyang , Teng Xue , Mi Yongli , Chen Zuofeng
Published: October 2017

A Cu nanowire-interweaved Ni–Co LDH pseudocapacitor is fabricated by three sequential electrochemical steps on a three-dimensional Cu foam.
A novel dual phase membrane 40 wt% Nd0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ–60 wt% Ce0.9Nd0.1O2−δ: design, synthesis and properties
Authors: He Yuan , Shi Lei , Wu Fan , Xie Weiwei , Wang Shu , Yan Dong , Liu Peijiang , Li Man-Rong , Caro Jürgen , Luo Huixia
Published: October 2017

Oxygen permeation, stability and chemical bonding characteristics of 40 wt% Nd0.6Sr0.4CoO3−δ–60 wt% Ce0.9Nd0.1O2−δ(40NSCO–60CNO) dual-phase composite membrane reactors were investigated.
A redox-responsive folate–fluorophore conjugate as a new target-cell-specific imaging probe
Authors: Kim Jisu , Kim Hyunjin , Choi Yongdoo
Published: October 2017

Here, we have developed a redox-responsive folate–fluorophore conjugate with a disulfide linker for the target-specific activatable fluorescence imaging of cancers.
Training Direct-Care Staff to Provide Communication Intervention to Adults With Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review
Authors: van der Meer Larah , Matthews Tamyra , Ogilvie Emily , Berry Alice , Waddington Hannah , Balandin Susan , O'Reilly Mark F. , Lancioni Giulio , Sigafoos Jeff
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The aim of this review was to summarize and evaluate studies on training direct-care staff to provide communication intervention to adults with intellectual disability.

Method

Systematic searches identified 22 studies. These were summarized and evaluated in terms of (a) participants; (b) settings; (c) training aims and procedures; (d) research designs; (e) reliability, integrity, and social validity; (f) outcomes; (g) generalization and follow-up; and (h) certainty of evidence.

Results

A total of 437 staff and 254+ adults with intellectual disability participated. Staff training most frequently involved combinations of verbal instruction, role play, modeling, practice, and feedback. Reliability was assessed in 18 studies with acceptable standards for most of these studies. Treatment integrity and social validity were assessed in 1 and 3 studies, respectively, with positive outcomes. Generalization and maintenance were assessed in 5 and 8 studies, respectively, with predominantly positive outcomes. Most studies reported positive outcomes for staff and positive or mixed outcomes for the adults with intellectual disability. Certainty of evidence was rated as conclusive in 1 study, suggestive in 14 studies, and inconclusive in 7 studies.

Conclusions

There is sufficient evidence to conclude that direct-care staff can be taught to provide effective communication intervention to adults with intellectual disability. Professionals involved in providing training and support to direct-care staff could expect positive outcomes from multicomponent training programs that include opportunities for practice and feedback.
Effects of Tongue Strength Training on Mealtime Function in Long-Term Care
Authors: Namasivayam-MacDonald Ashwini M. , Burnett Lynsey , Nagy Ahmed , Waito Ashley A. , Steele Catriona M.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The primary aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of an 8-week tongue-strengthening intervention protocol for seniors with mild to moderately severe cognitive impairment in the long-term care setting. Outcome measures of interest included tongue strength, mealtime duration, and food intake.

Method

In this pre–post group study of treatment outcomes, data were collected from 7 adults (aged 84–99 years). Participants were observed across a series of mealtimes to determine mealtime duration and intake before and after 16 treatment sessions. During therapy, participants performed isometric strength exercises and tongue pressure accuracy tasks using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (model number 2.1, IOPI Medical). Differences in tongue strength as a function of treatment were explored between the first 3 and final 3 sessions using univariate repeated-measures analysis of variance. Single-subject methods were used to explore baseline and posttreatment data for measures of mealtime function.

Results

Anterior and posterior tongue strength increased significantly with therapy. There were no changes in mealtime function.

Conclusions

This study shows proof of concept that some older adults with cognitive impairment are able to participate in a tongue-strengthening intervention and achieve improvements in tongue strength. Failure to find evidence of associated changes of mealtime function suggests that mealtime measures may not be directly sensitive to changes in tongue strength.
The extraneous eclipses on binary light curves: KIC 5255552, KIC 10091110, and KIC 11495766
Authors: Zhang J. , Qian S. B. , Wang S. M. , Sun L. L. , Wu Y. , Jiang L. Q.
Published: October 2017

Aims. We aim to find more eclipsing multiple systems and obtain their parameters, thus increasing our understanding of multiple systems.

Methods. The extraneous eclipses on the Kepler binary light curves indicating extraneous bodies were searched. The binary light curves were analyzed using the binary model, and the extraneous eclipses were studied on their periodicity and shape changes.

Results. Three binaries with extraneous eclipses on the binary light curves were found and studied based on the Kepler observations. The object KIC 5255552 is an eclipsing triple system with a fast changing inner binary and an outer companion uncovered by three groups of extraneous eclipses of 862.1(±0.1) d period. The KIC 10091110 is suggested to be a double eclipsing binary system with several possible extraordinary coincidences: the two binaries share similar extremely small mass ratios (0.060(13) and 0.0564(18)), similar mean primary densities (0.3264(42) ρ⊙ and 0.3019(28) ρ⊙), and, most notably, the ratio of the two binaries' periods is very close to integer 2 (8.5303353/4.2185174 = 2.022). The KIC 11495766 is a probable triple system with a ~120.73 d period binary and (at least) one non-eclipse companion. Furthermore, very close to it in the celestial sphere, there is a blended background stellar binary of 8.3404432 d period. A first list of 25 eclipsing multiple candidates is presented, with the hope that it will be beneficial for study of eclipsing multiples.
COSMOGRAIL: the COSmological MOnitoring of GRAvItational Lenses
Authors: Courbin F. , Bonvin V. , Buckley-Geer E. , Fassnacht C. D. , Frieman J. , Lin H. , Marshall P. J. , Suyu S. H. , Treu T. , Anguita T. , Motta V. , Meylan G. , Paic E. , Tewes M. , Agnello A. , Chao D. C.-Y. , Chijani M. , Gilman D. , Rojas K. , Williams P. , Hempel A. , Kim S. , Lachaume R. , Rabus M. , Abbott T. M. C. , Allam S. , Annis J. , Banerji M. , Bechtol K. , Benoit-Lévy A. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Carnero Rosell A. , Carrasco Kind M. , Carretero J. , D’Andrea C. B. , da Costa L. N. , Davis C. , DePoy D. L. , Desai S. , Flaugher B. , Fosalba P. , García-Bellido J. , Gaztanaga E. , Goldstein D. A. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gschwend J. , Gutierrez G. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Kuehn K. , Kuhlmann S. , Kuropatkin N. , Lahav O. , Lima M. , Maia M. A. G. , March M. , Marshall J. L. , McMahon R. G. , Menanteau F. , Miquel R. , Nord B. , Plazas A. A. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schindler R. , Schubnell M. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith M. , Soares-Santos M. , Sobreira F. , Suchyta E. , Tarle G. , Tucker D. L. , Walker A. R. , Wester W.
Published: October 2017

We present time-delay measurements for the new quadruple imaged quasar DES J0408−5354, the first quadruple imaged quasar found in the Dark Energy Survey (DES). Our result is made possible by implementing a new observational strategy using almost daily observations with the MPIA 2.2 m telescope at La Silla observatory and deep exposures reaching a signal-to-noise ratio of about 1000 per quasar image. This data qualityallows us to catch small photometric variations (a few mmag rms) of the quasar, acting on temporal scales much shorter than microlensing, and hence making the time delay measurement very robust against microlensing. In only seven months we very accurately measured one of the time delays in DES J0408−5354: Δt(AB) = −112.1 ± 2.1 days (1.8%) using only the MPIA 2.2 m data. In combination with data taken with the 1.2 m Euler Swiss telescope, we also measured two delays involving the D component of the system Δt(AD) = −155.5 ± 12.8 days (8.2%) and Δt(BD) = −42.4 ± 17.6 days (41%), where all the error bars include systematics. Turning these time delays into cosmological constraints will require deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging or ground-based adaptive optics (AO), and information on the velocity field of the lensing galaxy.
Smectite as a marker of telogenetic process along structural heterogeneities of sedimentary basin: case study of the Eocene submarine slide surfaces of the Ainsa Basin
Authors: Odonne Francis , Beaufort Daniel , Munck Romain , Bourrières Laure , Darrozes José
Published: October 2017

Fluid circulation in sedimentary basins is responsible for the transformation and cementation of mineral grains during diagenesis. Concretions and pipe chimneys are obvious features resulting from such circulation but some transformations in the matrix of rocks, if less spectacular, may lead to pervasive transformations of the sediments. Inherited slide surfaces in the Eocene Ainsa Basin (Spanish Pyrenees) have been chosen to test this hypothesis. In the Sobrarbe delta, the steady mineralogy of marls indicates homogeneity of the sedimentary source. Enrichment of montmorillonite is only observed close to scar surfaces and in the infilling of the scars. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation reveals that smectites are formed by in situ replacement of detrital mafic minerals resulting by transformation of detrital minerals under the action of cold sedimentary fluids, lower than 75 °C. The indications of low temperature conditions and local fluid circulation both support a meteoric origin of the fluids postdating the burial history, probably during an exhumation of the basin associated with the tectonic uplift. The higher smectite contents in the infilling of scars and along the unconformities of slide surfaces reveals enhanced circulation of fluids in under-consolidated sediments and the effective fluid circulation pathways along inherited slide surfaces.
Repeated fluid expulsions during events of rapid sea-level rise in the Gulf of Lion, western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Gay Aurélien , Cavailhès Thibault , Grauls Dominique , Marsset Bruno , Marsset Tania
Published: October 2017

Based on a High-Resolution 3D seismic block acquired in the Gulf of Lion in 2004–2005 we investigated fluid pipes and pockmarks on the top of the interfluve between the Hérault canyon and the Bourcart canyon both created by turbidity currents and gravity flows from the shelf to the deep basin in the north-western Mediterranean Sea. Combining the geometry of the potential fluid pipes with the induced deformation of surrounding sediments leads then to the ability to differentiate between potential fluid sources (rootvssource) and to better estimate the triggering mechanisms (allochtonousvs.autochtonous cause). We linked together a set of derived attributes, such as Chaos and RMS amplitude, to a 3D description of pipes along which fluids may migrate. As previously shown in other basins, the induced deformation, creating cone in cone or V-shaped structures, may develop in response to the fluid pipe propagation in unconsolidated sediments in the near surface. The level at the top of a cone structure is diachronous. It means that stratigraphic levels over this surface are deformed at the end of the migration. They collapse forming a depression called a pockmark. These pipes are the result of repeated cycles of fluid expulsion that might be correlated with rapid sea-level rise instead of sediment loading. The most recent event (MIS 2.2 stage) has led to the formation of a pockmark on the modern seafloor. It has been used as a reference for calculating the effect of a rapid sea-level rise on fluid expulsion. As all physical and geometrical parameters are constrained, we were able to define that a + 34 m of sea level rise may account for triggering fluid expulsion from a very shallow silty-sandy layer at 9 m below seafloor since the last glacial stage. This value is consistent with a sea level rise of about 102 m during this period. This study shows that the episodic nature of fluid release resulted from hydromechanical processes during sea-level rise due to the interactivity between high pressure regimes and principalin situstresses.
A New Wrist Clinical Evaluation Score
Authors: Burnier Marion , Nakamura Toshiyasu , Herzberg Guillaume
Published: October 2017

Background The number of available wrist scoring systems is limited; some of them do not include forearm rotation criteria.

Purpose To describe a new electronic wrist clinical score and to present a new patient's generated wrist evaluation criterion, the subjective wrist value (SWV).

Materials and Methods A new electronic wrist clinical score, the Lyon wrist score (LWS) including wrist VAS pain and function, active range of motion and strength was built into an excel file. VAS flexion-extension pain and function were evaluated independently from pronation-supination pain and function. A new patient's generated wrist evaluation criterion, SWV was described.

Results The LWS is available in two versions, standard and full (the latter including forearm rotation strength). Both standard and full LWS are displayed into an automatically generated diamond-shaped graph providing a comprehensive visual display of the clinical status of most osteoarticular wrist disorders. The graph also includes SWV. The LWS, combined with SWV into a graph that may be directly exported to a PowerPoint presentation, provide a new practical and comprehensive tool for following/comparing wrist osteoarticular clinical status/outcomes. Both standard and full LWS charts are available in colored versions on a related website for free download.

Conclusion A comprehensive updated electronic display of osteoarticular wrist clinical status including forearm rotation criteria is provided and displayed into a graph which may be exported as such into a PowerPoint presentation for clinical analysis/comparisons.

Level of Evidence Level II.
Evaluation of Early Onset Sepsis, Complete Blood Count, and Antibiotic Use in Gastroschisis
Authors: Williams Sadie , Leonard Matthew , Hall Eric , Perez Jose , Wessel Jacqueline , Kingma Paul
Published: October 2017

Objective Gastroschisis is a congenital defect in which the abdominal viscera herniate through the abdominal wall. In this population, antibiotics are often initiated immediately following delivery; however, this may be unnecessary as infections typically develop as a consequence of chronic issues in gastroschisis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of culture positive early onset sepsis, the reliability of the immature to mature neutrophil count (I:T) ratio as an infectious biomarker, and antibiotic use in infants with gastroschisis.

Study Design This retrospective chart review analyzed clinical data from 103 infants with gastroschisis and 103 weight-matched controls that were evaluated for early onset infection.

Results Compared with the control group, there was a significantly increased percentage of infants with an I:T ratio > 0.2 in the gastroschisis group (43% vs. 12%, p < 0.001) and an increased percentage of infants exposed to greater than 5 days of antibiotics regardless of their I:T ratio (75% vs. 6%, p < 0.001). There were no episodes of culture positive early onset sepsis in either group.

Conclusion Our results indicate that I:T ratio is not a reliable marker of infection in gastroschisis, and suggest that empiric septic evaluation and antibiotic use, immediately following delivery in gastroschisis infants, may be unnecessary.
Green criminology: shining a critical lens on environmental harm
Authors: Nurse Angus
Published: October 2017

Green criminology provides for inter-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary engagement with environmental crimes and wider environmental harms. Green criminology applies a broad ‘‘green’’ perspective to environmental harms, ecological justice, and the study of environmental laws and criminality, which includes crimes affecting the environment and non-human nature. Within the ecological justice and species justice perspectives of green criminology there is a contention that justice systems need to do more than just consider anthropocentric notions of criminal justice, they should also consider how justice systems can provide protection and redress for the environment and other species. Green criminological scholarship has, thus, paid direct attention to theoretical questions of whether and how justice systems deal with crimes against animals and the environment; it has begun to conceptualize policy perspectives that can provide contemporary ecological justice alongside mainstream criminal justice. Moving beyond mainstream criminology’s focus on individual offenders, green criminology also explores state failure in environmental protection and corporate offending and environmentally harmful business practices. A central discussion within green criminology is that of whether environmental harm rather than environmental crime should be its focus, and whether green ‘‘crimes’’ should be seen as the focus of mainstream criminal justice and dealt with by core criminal justice agencies such as the police, or whether they should be considered as being beyond the mainstream. This article provides an introductory overview that complements a multi- and inter-disciplinary article collection dedicated to green criminological thinking and research.
Hiring leaders: Inference and disagreement about the best person for the job
Authors: Giannakas Konstantinos , Fulton Murray , Awada Tala
Published: October 2017

Hiring is a critical determinant of organizational performance and has received considerable attention in economics where the focus is on identifying who is the best person for the job (an adverse selection problem) and ensuring that the person hired has incentives to behave in a desirable manner (a moral hazard problem). The implicit assumption in this literature is that everyone agrees on what constitutes the “best candidate.” In this paper we show that the economics literature fails to recognize that people will generally disagree over “what is best?” Answering this question requires people to make inferences about the environment the organization expects to experience in the future and to match this environment with leader characteristics. Given the idiosyncratic nature of inference, there will be disagreement on the “best person for the job,” even when everyone shares the same goals. The purpose of this paper is to outline why conflict regarding the most desirable person for the job emerges in rapidly changing environments and how this conflict is different from conflict that arises from self-interest and the presence of decision-making biases. The paper shows that conflict from inference, if properly dealt with, can actually improve decision-making, and what can be done to create the right conditions for this to occur. The paper also shows why hiring always involves an element of luck.
The creative mind: cognition, society and culture
Authors: Bondebjerg Ib
Published: October 2017

This article provides an overview of the main tendencies and ideas in the embodied mind paradigm in the expanding field of modern cognitive science. The focus is not on the biological and neurological aspects of cognitive science, rather the article demonstrates how basic concepts and theories from cognitive science have influenced linguistics, sociology, the understanding of art and creativity, film and film perception, as well as our understanding of historical film narratives and mediated memories. Although these areas of humanities and social science may seem unrelated, this article demonstrates how the embodied mind paradigm has actually forged links between separate scientific disciplines. Cognitive science and the embodied mind theory have created a stronger interdisciplinary connection between cognitive understanding in social science and humanities. Metaphors and image schema, the way our brain relies on narrative structures, the dynamic ability of the brain to blend old and new schemas, and the unparalleled creativity of the brain are all part of the approaches of the cognitive social science and humanities to social interaction, communication and creativity described here. The article also discusses the relationship between the more universal dimensions of the human mind and the question of cultural and social variations. The argument here is that a cognitive and more universal theory of human beings is not the same as determinism. On the contrary, when we understand our universal commonalities and the basic functions of our embodied mind we will also be better placed to understand cultural and social differences and variations.
Geometrical effects on the concentrated behavior of heat flux in metamaterials thermal harvesting devices
Authors: Xu Guoqiang , Zhang Haochun , Xie Ming , Jin Yan
Published: October 2017

Thermal harvesting devices based on transformation optics, which can manipulate the heat flux concentration significantly through rational arrangements of the conductivities, have attracted considerable interest owing to several great potential applications of the technique for high-efficiency thermal conversion and collection. However, quantitative studies on the geometrical effects, particularly wedge angles, on the harvesting behaviors are rare. In this paper, we adopt wedge structure-based thermal harvesting schemes, and focus on the effects of the geometrical parameters including the radii ratios and wedge angles on the harvesting performance. The temperature deformations at the boundaries of the compressional region and temperature gradients for the different schemes with varying design parameters are investigated. Moreover, a concept for temperature stabilization was derived to evaluate the fluctuation in the energy distributions. In addition, the effects of interface thermal resistances have been investigated. Considering the changes in the radii ratios and wedge angles, we proposed a modification of the harvesting efficiency to quantitatively assess the concentration performance, which was verified through random tests and previously fabricated devices. In general, this study indicates that a smaller radii ratio contributes to a better harvesting behavior, but causes larger perturbations in the thermal profiles owing to a larger heat loss. We also find that a smaller wedge angle is beneficial to ensuring a higher concentration efficiency with less energy perturbations. These findings can be used to guide the improvement of a thermal concentrator with a high efficiency in reference to its potential applications as novel heat storage, thermal sensors, solar cells, and thermoelectric devices.
Low-voltage operating flexible ferroelectric organic field-effect transistor nonvolatile memory with a vertical phase separation P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)/PS dielectric
Authors: Xu Meili , Xiang Lanyi , Xu Ting , Wang Wei , Xie Wenfa , Zhou Dayu
Published: October 2017

Future flexible electronic systems require memory devices combining low-power operation and mechanical bendability. However, high programming/erasing voltages, which are universally needed to switch the storage states in previously reported ferroelectric organic field-effect transistor (Fe-OFET) nonvolatile memories (NVMs), severely prevent their practical applications. In this work, we develop a route to achieve a low-voltage operating flexible Fe-OFET NVM. Utilizing vertical phase separation, an ultrathin self-organized poly(styrene) (PS) buffering layer covers the surface of the ferroelectric polymer layer by one-step spin-coating from their blending solution. The ferroelectric polymer with a low coercive field contributes to low-voltage operation in the Fe-OFET NVM. The polymer PS contributes to the improvement of mobility, attributing to screening the charge scattering and decreasing the surface roughness. As a result, a high performance flexible Fe-OFET NVM is achieved at the low P/E voltages of ±10 V, with a mobility larger than 0.2 cm2 V−1 s−1, a reliable P/E endurance over 150 cycles, stable data storage retention capability over 104 s, and excellent mechanical bending durability with a slight performance degradation after 1000 repetitive tensile bending cycles at a curvature radius of 5.5 mm.
Generalized Bonnet surfaces and Lax pairs of PVI
Authors: Conte Robert
Published: October 2017

We build analytic surfaces in R3(c) represented by the most general sixth Painlevé equation PVI in two steps. First, the moving frame of the surfaces built by Bonnet in 1867 is extrapolated to a new, second order, isomonodromic matrix Lax pair of PVI, whose elements depend rationally on the dependent variable and quadratically on the monodromy exponents θj. Second, by converting back this Lax pair to a moving frame, we obtain an extrapolation of Bonnet surfaces to surfaces with two more degrees of freedom. Finally, we give a rigorous derivation of the quantum correspondence for PVI.
Simulations and measurements of hot-electron generation driven by the multibeam two-plasmon-decay instability
Authors: Follett R. K. , Myatt J. F. , Shaw J. G. , Michel D. T. , Solodov A. A. , Edgell D. H. , Yaakobi B. , Froula D. H.
Published: October 2017

Multibeam experiments relevant to direct-drive inertial confinement fusion show the importance of nonlinear saturation mechanisms in the common-wave two-plasmon-decay (TPD) instability. Planar-target experiments on the OMEGA laser used hard x-ray measurements to study the influence of the linear common-wave growth rate on TPD-driven hot-electron production in two drive-beam configurations and over a range of overlapped laser intensities from 3.6 to 15.2 × 1014 W/cm2. The beam configuration with the larger linear common-wave growth rate had a lower intensity threshold for the onset of hot-electron production, but the linear growth rate made no significant impact on hot-electron production at high intensities. The experiments were modeled in 3-D using a hybrid code LPSE (laser plasma simulation environment) that combines a wave solver with a particle tracker to self-consistently calculate the electron velocity distribution and evolve electron Landau damping. Good quantitative agreement was obtained between the simulated and measured hot-electron distributions using a novel technique to account for macroscopic spatial and temporal variations that were present in the experiments.
Experimental characterization of the effects induced by passive plasma lens on high brightness electron bunches
Authors: Marocchino A. , Anania M. P. , Bellaveglia M. , Biagioni A. , Bini S. , Bisesto F. , Brentegani E. , Chiadroni E. , Cianchi A. , Croia M. , Di Giovenale D. , Ferrario M. , Filippi F. , Giribono A. , Lollo V. , Marongiu M. , Mostacci A. , Di Pirro G. , Pompili R. , Romeo S. , Rossi A. R. , Scifo J. , Shpakov V. , Vaccarezza C. , Villa F. , Zigler A.
Published: October 2017

We report on the experimental characterization of the effect that a passive plasma lens in the overdense regime has on high-brightness bunch quality by means of 6D phase-space analysis. The passive lens is generated by confining hydrogen gas with a capillary tube pre-ionized with a high-voltage discharge. We observed that the optimum condition is retrieved at the end of the overdense regime with almost no effect on bunch brightness. The presence of gas jets, leaking from the hollow capillary end-points, extends the lens effects also outside of the capillary, resulting in longer focusing channels. Experimental results are supported with numerical simulations of the complete accelerator line together with the plasma channel section.
Hyperspectral tomography based on multi-mode absorption spectroscopy (MUMAS)
Authors: Dai Jinghang , O'Hagan Seamus , Liu Hecong , Cai Weiwei , Ewart Paul
Published: October 2017

This paper demonstrates a hyperspectral tomographic technique that can recover the temperature and concentration field of gas flows based on multi-mode absorption spectroscopy (MUMAS). This method relies on the recently proposed concept of nonlinear tomography, which can take full advantage of the nonlinear dependency of MUMAS signals on temperature and enables 2D spatial resolution of MUMAS which is naturally a line-of-sight technique. The principles of MUMAS and nonlinear tomography, as well as the mathematical formulation of the inversion problem, are introduced. Proof-of-concept numerical demonstrations are presented using representative flame phantoms and assuming typical laser parameters. The results show that faithful reconstruction of temperature distribution is achievable when a signal-to-noise ratio of 20 is assumed. This method can potentially be extended to simultaneously reconstructing distributions of temperature and the concentration of multiple flame species.
Lie symmetry analysis, Bäcklund transformations, and exact solutions of a (2 + 1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli system
Authors: Zhao Zhonglong , Han Bo
Published: October 2017

In this paper, the Lie symmetry analysis method is employed to investigate the Lie point symmetries and the one-parameter transformation groups of a (2 + 1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli system. By using Ibragimov’s method, the optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebras of this system is constructed. Truncated Painlevé analysis is used for deriving the Bäcklund transformation. The method of constructing lump-type solutions of integrable equations by means of Bäcklund transformation is first presented. Meanwhile, the lump-type solutions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli system are obtained. The lump-type wave is one kind of rogue wave. The fusion-type N-solitary wave solutions are also constructed. In addition, this system is integrable in terms of the consistent Riccati expansion method.
High efficiency and non-Richardson thermionics in three dimensional Dirac materials
Authors: Huang Sunchao , Sanderson Matthew , Zhang Yan , Zhang Chao
Published: October 2017

Three dimensional (3D) topological materials have a linear energy dispersion and exhibit many electronic properties superior to conventional materials such as fast response times, high mobility, and chiral transport. In this work, we demonstrate that 3D Dirac materials also have advantages over conventional semiconductors and graphene in thermionic applications. The low emission current suffered in graphene due to the vanishing density of states is enhanced by an increased group velocity in 3D Dirac materials. Furthermore, the thermal energy carried by electrons in 3D Dirac materials is twice of that in conventional materials with a parabolic electron energy dispersion. As a result, 3D Dirac materials have the best thermal efficiency or coefficient of performance when compared to conventional semiconductors and graphene. The generalized Richardson-Dushman law in 3D Dirac materials is derived. The law exhibits the interplay of the reduced density of states and enhanced emission velocity.
Impact of population growth and population ethics on climate change mitigation policy
Authors: Scovronick Noah , Budolfson Mark B. , Dennig Francis , Fleurbaey Marc , Siebert Asher , Socolow Robert H. , Spears Dean , Wagner Fabian
Published: October 2017

Significance

We investigate how future population growth is relevant to climate change policy. The answer depends importantly on ethical questions about whether our ultimate goal should be to increase the number of people who are happy or rather to increase the average level of people’s happiness. We calculate the best (optimal) emissions reduction pathway given each of these two different goals that society might have and calculate how much cheaper it would be to avoid dangerous interference with the climate given a smaller rather than a larger population. We also show that whether it is ultimately better to have a smaller population in response to climate change depends on which of these two goals society chooses.
Seasonally fluctuating selection can maintain polymorphism at many loci via segregation lift
Authors: Wittmann Meike J. , Bergland Alan O. , Feldman Marcus W. , Schmidt Paul S. , Petrov Dmitri A.
Published: October 2017

Significance

A key question in evolutionary biology is: What maintains the abundant genetic variation observed in natural populations? Many organisms experience some seasonality in their habitats, and, if they have multiple generations per year, seasonally fluctuating selection is a potentially powerful mechanism to maintain polymorphism. However, previous research has argued that this occurs rarely. Inspired by recent empirical findings, we reevaluate the potential of seasonally fluctuating selection to simultaneously maintain polymorphism at many loci in the genome. We obtain a more general condition for the maintenance of multilocus polymorphism by seasonally fluctuating selection. This condition may plausibly be satisfied for many species and does not suffer from problems of previous models.
PRC2-mediated repression of SMARCA2 predicts EZH2 inhibitor activity in SWI/SNF mutant tumors
Authors: Januario Thomas , Ye Xiaofen , Bainer Russell , Alicke Bruno , Smith Tunde , Haley Benjamin , Modrusan Zora , Gould Stephen , Yauch Robert L.
Published: October 2017

Significance

Targeting epigenetic dependencies caused by mutations in chromatin-modifying enzymes represents a novel therapeutic approach in cancer. Notably, cancers harboring mutations in the SNF5 subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex have been shown to be susceptible to small-molecule inhibitors of the EZH2 histone methyltransferase that are currently in clinical development. We demonstrate that EZH2 inhibition can be effective in SMARCA4 mutant cancers that concurrently transcriptionally silence the paralog helicase SMARCA2. SMARCA2 is directly suppressed by EZH2, and SMARCA2 expression levels predict EZH2 inhibitor activity in other SWI/SNF mutant contexts, including ARID1A mutant tumors. These data provide insight into the utility of EZH2 inhibitors in SWI/SNF mutant tumors and have important implications regarding predictive diagnostics.
Brain network dynamics are hierarchically organized in time
Authors: Vidaurre Diego , Smith Stephen M. , Woolrich Mark W.
Published: October 2017

Significance

We address the important question of the temporal organization of large-scale brain networks, finding that the spontaneous transitions between networks of interacting brain areas are predictable. More specifically, the network activity is highly organized into a hierarchy of two distinct metastates, such that transitions are more probable within, than between, metastates. One of these metastates represents higher order cognition, and the other represents the sensorimotor systems. Furthermore, the time spent in each metastate is subject-specific, is heritable, and relates to behavior. Although evidence of non–random-state transitions has been found at the microscale, this finding at the whole-brain level, together with its relation to behavior, has wide implications regarding the cognitive role of large-scale resting-state networks.
Two rice receptor-like kinases maintain male fertility under changing temperatures
Authors: Yu Junping , Han Jiaojiao , Kim Yu-Jin , Song Ming , Yang Zhen , He Yi , Fu Ruifeng , Luo Zhijing , Hu Jianping , Liang Wanqi , Zhang Dabing
Published: October 2017

Significance

By affecting male fertility in crops, climate temperature change has a major impact on global food security. Here we show the role of two rice leucine-rich repeat–receptor-like kinases, TMS10 and TMS10L, which redundantly control male fertility under fluctuating temperatures. This finding provides insights into how plants overcome adversary temperature changes to achieve normal male fertility and a new genetic resource for crop hybrid seed production.
Parsing the roles of neck-linker docking and tethered head diffusion in the stepping dynamics of kinesin
Authors: Zhang Zhechun , Goldtzvik Yonathan , Thirumalai D.
Published: October 2017

Significance

Like all motors, the stepping of the two-headed conventional kinesin on the microtubule (MT) is facilitated by conformational changes in the motor domain upon ATP binding and hydrolysis. Numerous experiments have revealed that docking of the 13-residue neck linker (NL) to the motor domain of the leading head plays a critical role in propelling the trailing head toward the plus end of the microtubule by nearly 16 nm in a single step. Surprisingly, our molecular simulations reveal that nearly three-quarters of the step occur by stochastic diffusion of the trailing head. Docking of the NL restricts the extent of diffusion, thus forcing the motor to walk with overwhelming probability on a single protofilament of the MT.
Relevance of iPSC-derived human PGC-like cells at the surface of embryoid bodies to prechemotaxis migrating PGCs
Authors: Mitsunaga Shino , Odajima Junko , Yawata Shiomi , Shioda Keiko , Owa Chie , Isselbacher Kurt J. , Hanna Jacob H. , Shioda Toshi
Published: October 2017

Significance

Human primordial germ cell-like cells (hPGCLCs) generated from pluripotent stem cells in vitro hold promise, with broad applications for studies of human germline cells. We show that hPGCLCs generated using several distinct protocols are transcriptomally comparable and that primed pluripotency human iPSCs gain competence to generate hPGCLCs after only 72 hours of reprogramming toward ERK-independent state-naïve pluripotency. hPGCLCs were localized in the outermost surface layer of embryoid bodies and strongly expressed CXCR4. Live cell imaging showed active migratory activity of hPGCLCs, and their exposure to the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12/SDF-1 induced enriched expression of promigratory genes and antiapoptotic genes. These results support the resemblance of hPGCLCs to prechemotaxis human embryonic primordial germ cells migrating in the midline region of embryos.
COP1 mediates dark-specific degradation of microtubule-associated protein WDL3 in regulating
Arabidopsis
hypocotyl elongation
Authors: Lian Na , Liu Xiaomin , Wang Xiaohong , Zhou Yangyang , Li Hong , Li Jigang , Mao Tonglin
Published: October 2017

Significance

CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase acting as a central repressor of seedling photomorphogenesis in plants. Many nuclear-localized COP1 substrates have been identified in the last two decades; however, whether COP1 targets cytoplasmic factors for ubiquitination and degradation remains largely unknown. In this study, we show that COP1 interacts with a microtubule-associated protein, WAVE-DAMPENED 2-LIKE 3 (WDL3), in a dark-dependent manner at cortical microtubules. Thus, COP1 targets WDL3 for 26S proteasome-mediated degradation to control hypocotyl elongation in etiolated
Arabidopsis
seedlings. Collectively, our study uncovers a cytoplasmic substrate of COP1 that functions as a microtubule-associated protein in mediating hypocotyl cell elongation.
Sensing fluctuating airflow with spider silk
Authors: Zhou Jian , Miles Ronald N.
Published: October 2017

Significance

We find nanodimensional spider silk captures airflow with maximum physical efficiency over an extremely wide frequency range from infrasound to ultrasound. The aerodynamic property of spider silk provides the sensitivity of an ideal resonator but without the usual bandwidth limitation. This provides an effective means for miniaturized flow sensing, surpassing the frequency response of hair-based flow sensors of animals, which has been pursued in past decades. The results are significant because they elucidate the highly responsive nature of materials such as spider silk. This bioinspired approach will be valuable to various disciplines which have been pursuing miniaturized flow measurement and control in various mediums (air, gas, liquid) and situations (from steady flow to highly fluctuating flow).
Catalysis of heat-to-work conversion in quantum machines
Authors: Ghosh A. , Latune C. L. , Davidovich L. , Kurizki G.
Published: October 2017

Significance

The traditional (19th century) rules of thermodynamics were conceived for engines that convert heat into work. Recently, these rules have been scrutinized, assuming that the engines have quantum properties, but we still have no complete answer to the question: Are these rules then the same as the traditional ones? Here, we subject a “piston”—an oscillator that extracts work from the engine—to energy “pumping” that renders this oscillator quantum and nonlinear. We show that even weak pumping may strongly catalyze the heat-to-work conversion rate. This catalysis, analogous to its chemical-reaction counterpart, is a manifestation of “quantumness” in heat engines, yet it adheres to the traditional laws of thermodynamics.
Visual experience sculpts whole-cortex spontaneous infraslow activity patterns through an Arc-dependent mechanism
Authors: Kraft Andrew W. , Mitra Anish , Bauer Adam Q. , Snyder Abraham Z. , Raichle Marcus E. , Culver Joseph P. , Lee Jin-Moo
Published: October 2017

Significance

Visual critical periods are essential for shaping the normal mature responsiveness of visual cortex neurons; however, it is unclear whether early visual experience influences functional network organization. Here we demonstrate that monocular and binocular visual deprivation (MD and BD) have distinct effects on cortical functional connectivity (FC). MD induces FC changes restricted to the visual system, while BD results in widespread FC changes between disparate brain regions. These results suggest that early exposure to altered vision (MD) induces intranetwork change, but absent vision (BD) drives internetwork change, reminiscent of cross-modal plasticity. Moreover, this early experience-driven FC change was attenuated by deletion of Arc, a gene critical for synaptic plasticity, suggesting that network relationships are modulated by changes in synaptic strengths.
Giant boulders and Last Interglacial storm intensity in the North Atlantic
Authors: Rovere Alessio , Casella Elisa , Harris Daniel L. , Lorscheid Thomas , Nandasena Napayalage A. K. , Dyer Blake , Sandstrom Michael R. , Stocchi Paolo , D’Andrea William J. , Raymo Maureen E.
Published: October 2017

Significance

The Last Interglacial was the last period of the Earth’s history when climate was warmer than preindustrial, with higher polar temperatures and higher sea levels. Based on geologic evidence in Bermuda and the Bahamas, studies suggest that during this period the North Atlantic was characterized by “superstorms” more intense than any observed historically. Here we present data and models showing that, under conditions of higher sea level, historically observed hurricanes can explain geologic features previously interpreted as evidence for more intense Last Interglacial storm activity. Our results suggest that, even without an increase in the intensity of extreme storms, cliffs and coastal barriers will be subject to significantly higher wave-induced energies under even modestly higher sea levels.
Effect of microstructure morphology on mechanical properties of quenching and partitioning steel
Authors: Sun Shaoheng , Zhao Aimin
Published: October 2017

In order to illuminate the relationship between microstructure morphology and final properties of the quenching and partitioning(Q&P) steel, the samples with different microstructure morphology (equiaxed and lamellar) and same volume fraction of each phase are obtained by controlling the initial microstructure and Q&P heat treatment. Because of the feature of microstructure morphology, a large yield ratio and total elongation are obtained in the lamellar sample though yield strength and ultimate tensile strength are relatively lower than that of equiaxed sample. Moreover, the lamellar sample produces a continuous work-hardening rate and better the fracture toughness compared to the equiaxed sample. Thus the lamellar sample is more suitable to be used as automotive structural components.