bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paracrine effects of transplanted myoblasts and relaxin on post‐infarction heart remodelling
Authors: Formigli Lucia , Perna Avio‐Maria , Meacci Elisabetta , Cinci Lorenzo , Margheri Martina , Nistri Silvia , Tani Alessia , Silvertown Josh , Orlandini Giovanni , Porciani Cristina , Zecchi‐Orlandini Sandra , Medin Jeffrey , Bani Daniele
Published: October 2007

In the post‐infarcted heart, grafting of precursor cells may partially restore heart function but the improvement is modest and the mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. Here, we explored this issue by transplanting C2C12 myoblasts, genetically engineered to express enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) or eGFP and the cardiotropic hormone relaxin (RLX) through coronary venous route to swine with experimental chronic myocardial infarction. The rationale was to deliver constant, biologically effective levels of RLX at the site of cell engraftment. One month after engraftment, histological analysis showed that C2C12 myoblasts selectively settled in the ischaemic scar and were located around blood vessels showing an activated endothelium (ICAM‐1‐,VCAM‐positive). C2C12 myoblasts did not trans‐differentiate towards a cardiac phenotype, but did induce extracellular matrix remodelling by the secretion of matrix metalloproteases (MMP) and increase microvessel density through the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Relaxin‐producing C2C12 myoblasts displayed greater efficacy to engraft the post‐ischaemic scar and to induce extracellular matrix re‐modelling and angiogenesis as compared with the control cells. By echocardio‐graphy, C2C12‐engrafted swine showed improved heart contractility compared with the ungrafted controls, especially those producing RLX. We suggest that the beneficial effects of myoblast grafting on cardiac function are primarily dependent on the paracrine effects of transplanted cells on extracellular matrix remodelling and vascularization. The combined treatment with myoblast transplantation and local RLX production may be helpful in preventing deleterious cardiac remodelling and may hold therapeutic possibility for post‐infarcted patients.
Bcl‐2, CD34 and CD10 expression in basaloid follicular hamartoma, vellus hair hamartoma and neurofollicular hamartoma demonstrate full follicular differentiation
Authors: Ramos‐Ceballos Frances I. , Pashaei Shayesteh , Kincannon Jay M. , Morgan Michael B. , Smoller Bruce R.
Published: October 2007

Generalized basaloid follicular hamartoma syndrome (GBFHS) is a rare, recently‐described, autosomal‐dominantly inherited disorder that presents with disseminated milia, palmoplantar pitting, hypotrichosis and basaloid follicular hamartomas (BFH). BFH is a benign adnexal tumor that resembles basal cell carcinoma (BCC). In this study, we report two cases of GBFHS and stain BFH, a vellus hair hamartoma (VHH) and a neurofollicular hamartoma (NH) with CD34, bcl‐2 and CD10 to characterize and compare the staining patterns of these follicular tumors. Standard immunohistochemistry labeling with CD34, bcl‐2 and CD10 was performed on paraffin‐embedded, formalin‐fixed tissue sections of five BFH (four for CD10), one VHH and one NH. CD34 stromal staining was observed in all specimens. Bcl‐2 stained the outermost cell layers of the basaloid nests in all specimens. CD10 stained the peritumoral stroma of all specimens. The BFH, NFH and the VHH showed CD10 staining of matrical cells. CD34 and CD10 stain peritumoral stroma of BFH, VHH and NH. Bcl‐2 stains the outermost cell layer of these tumors. CD10 was also observed to stain matrical cells. These results show the similarities in differentiation between these benign follicular neoplasms and trichoepithelioma.
A case of colloid milium in patient with β thalassaemia major
Authors: Giordano Giovanna , Ricci Roberto , Froio Elisabetta , Izzi Giancarlo , Barone Angelica , Boccaletti Valeria
Published: October 2007

Colloid milium (CM) is a rare cutaneous condition characterized by translucent papules occurring on sun‐exposed regions including the face, neck and dorsal aspects of the hands and back. Clinically, there are two variants of CM: an adult‐onset type and a juvenile form. The juvenile form is inherited and presents before puberty. Probably this variant is because of an inherited susceptibility to ultraviolet (UV) light and can be transmitted as both autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant character. In this paper, we report an interesting case of adult CM in a transfused patient affected by β thalassaemia major. The association of CM with β thalassaemia, to our knowledge, has not been reported previously, in literature. Thus, this case represents the first case of CM associated with β thalassaemia major. In our view, the lesion could be related to excess iron, similar to pseudoxanthoma elastic‐like lesions, another cutaneous disorder which is present in β thalassaemia. As our patient is a farmer and was exposed to sun during his work, UV light damage could have have a role in promoting the development of the disease. Other cases of CM associated with β thalassaemia should be reported to confirm these hypotheses.
Overexpression of phosphorylated‐ATF2 and STAT3 in cutaneous angiosarcoma and pyogenic granuloma
Authors: Chen Si‐Yuan , Takeuchi Satoshi , Urabe Kazunori , Hayashida Sayaka , Kido Makiko , Tomoeda Hiroto , Uchi Hiroshi , Dainichi Teruki , Takahara Masakazu , Shibata Satoko , Tu Ya‐Ting , Furue Masutaka , Moroi Yoichi
Published: October 2007

Background:  Activating transcription factor‐2/Activator protein‐1 (AP‐1), Signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 and p53 are important regulators of cellular proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation in the pathogenesis of many human tumors, but the expression of phosphorylated (p)‐activating transcription factor‐2 (p‐ATF2), phosphorylated (p)‐signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (p‐STAT3) and p53 family (p63 and p73) has not been investigated in cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS) and pyogenic granuloma (PG) so far.

Objectives:  To investigate the expression of p‐ATF2, p‐STAT3 and p53 and its family in cutaneous vascular tumors (CAS and PG).

Methods:  Paraffin‐embedded specimens of 14 CAS and 19 PG were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for p‐ATF2, p‐STAT3, p53, p63 and p73.

Results:  P‐ATF2 was expressed in 13 out of 14 CAS and in all of 19 PG. P‐STAT3 was expressed in all of 14 CAS and 19 PG. P53 was expressed in all of 14 CAS and 19 PG, while both p63 and p73 were negative in CAS and PG. The p‐ATF2‐, p‐STAT3‐ and p53 expression (% positive cells) in CAS and PG were significantly higher than in normal dermal vessels, but none of these transcription factors distinguished malignant (CAS)‐ from benign (PG) vascular tumor.

Conclusions:  The present study suggests that overexpression of p‐ATF2, p‐STAT3 and possibly p53, but not p63 or p73, may contribute to the tumorigenesis of cutaneous vascular tumors.
From death receptor to reactive oxygen species and c‐Jun N‐terminal protein kinase: the receptor‐interacting protein 1 odyssey
Authors: Temkin Vladislav , Karin Michael
Published: October 2007

Summary: Death receptors (DRs) are more than simple killers: they control cell growth, proliferation, and survival, thereby playing a pivotal role in immune and inflammatory responses. Some of these phenomena might be explained by aberrant reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and metabolism, which can lead to oxidative stress. A key signaling molecule of DR‐initiated intracellular pathways, receptor‐interacting protein 1 (RIP1), orchestrates a complex control of multiple responses and may link DR‐associated signaling complexes to ROS production by mitochondria. Yet, RIP1 is also an important regulator of endogenous anti‐oxidants and ROS scavenging enzymes, because it is required for nuclear factor κB activation that results in expression of anti‐apoptotic and anti‐oxidant proteins. Alteration of RIP1 function may result in ROS accumulation and abnormal c‐Jun N‐terminal protein kinase activation, affecting inflammatory responses, innate immunity, stress responses, and cell survival. These molecular mechanisms may be involved in neoplastic, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases.
From cancer immunosurveillance to cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Stagg John , Johnstone Ricky W. , Smyth Mark J.
Published: October 2007

Summary: In response to oncogenic threats, tumor suppressor mechanisms that halt cell‐cycle progression can stimulate immune‐mediated destruction of pre‐malignant and malignant cells. Accordingly, defining the molecular interactions between tumor suppressor pathways and cancer immunity may be instrumental in the development of novel cancer therapies. We here discuss the immunological consequences of cellular senescence and apoptosis in the context of tumorigenesis. We then review the literature on potential ‘danger signals’ that may link tumorigenesis and cancer immunosurveillance and discuss the range of immune‐regulatory mechanisms that restrict cancer immunity. Finally, we discuss how a better understanding of the interacting pathways governing cell death, danger, and immunity may lead to the development of effective cancer immunotherapies. We propose that the minimum requirements for the induction of clinically relevant immune responses include, on the one hand, the development of therapeutic drugs that can either bypass or rescue intrinsic tumor suppressor pathways while inducing a pro‐immunogenic form of cell death and, on the other hand, the concerted combination of immune‐stimulatory agents able to enhance tumor‐antigen presentation and overcome critical immune‐regulatory checkpoints that restrict cancer immunity.
Toll‐like receptors 7, 8, and 9: linking innate immunity to autoimmunity
Authors: Krieg Arthur M. , Vollmer Jörg
Published: October 2007

Summary: Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) detect infections by highly conserved components of pathogens that are either not present in our own cells or are normally sequestered in cellular compartments that are inaccessible to the TLRs. Most TLRs are expressed on the cell surface, where they have been shown to detect pathogen‐expressed molecules such as lipopolysaccharides and lipopeptides. A subset of TLRs, including TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9, are expressed intracellularly within one or more endosomal compartments and detect nucleic acids. Because pathogen and host nucleic acids have very similar structures, these endosomal TLRs may face an extra challenge to induce anti‐pathogen immune responses while avoiding the induction of autoimmune diseases. With the rapid growth in understanding of the biology of the TLRs has come an increasing awareness of their effects on autoimmunity, several aspects of which are the focus of this review. First, recent studies have revealed an inappropriate activation of TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 in systemic lupus erythematosus and several other autoimmune diseases. Secondly, the potential for therapeutic development of TLR antagonists is considered. Finally, with the rapid progress in the development of therapeutic agonists for the TLRs, there is accompanying attention to the theoretical possibility that such therapy may induce autoimmunity or autoimmune diseases.
In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxicity of a bleaching agent
Authors: Koulaouzidou E. , Lambrianidis T. , Konstantinidis A. , Kortsaris A. H.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— Cell cultures of L929 and BHK21/C13 cells were used to evaluate the toxicity of a newly introduced bleaching agent (Colgate Platinum) compared to hydrogen peroxide, an established bleaching agent. The cell reaction was determined by a quantitative technique at 24 h and 72 h. Both bleaching materials had a dose‐dependent effect on cell viability. Concentrations of hydrogen peroxide causing a 50% decrease in cell number (50% inhibition dose‐IDJo) were calculated as 0.00034% after 24 h and 0.00001% after 72 h in L929 cells. The ID50 of hydrogen peroxide was found to be 0.00016% after 24 h and 0.00007% after 72 h in BHK21/ C13 cells. The ID50 of Colgate Platinum was 0.00074% after 24 h and 0.00045% after 72 h in L929 cells and 0.00055% after 24 h and 0.00024% after 72 h in BHK21/C13 cells. The results showed that, in vitro, both bleaching agents were cytotoxic to fibroblasts and the new bleaching agent was less toxic than hydrogen peroxide.
Effect of argon laser irradiation on instrumented root canal wall
Authors: Harashima T. , Takeda F. H. , Zhang C. , Kimura Y. , Matsumoto K.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— The objective of the study was to examine whether argon laser has a property to remove debris and smear layer from root canal walls. Twelve endodontically treated human maxillary molar teeth with three root canals were divided into two groups of six teeth. The first group was left unlased as a control; in the second group the root canals were irradiated by argon laser (laser parameters were set at 1 W and pulse duration and pulse frequency fixed at 0.05 s and 5 Hz). After the usual root canal preparation and lasing had been camed out, the teeth were decoronated, bisected longitudinally, observed with a scanning electron microscope and evaluated as to how clean the surfaces of root canal walls were. In most cases control teeth presented surfaces with debris covering the root canals, obscuring the dentinal tubules. Only 1 of 18 specimens was free of debris. In the lased group, root canal surfaces free of debris and vaporized pulpal tissue remnants were observed in 13 of 18 specimens. The results showed sigmficant statistical differences between the control group and the lased groups (P<0.001). These results suggested that argon laser irradiation has an efficient cleaning effect on instrumented root canal surfaces.
Forces transmitted through a laminated mouthguard material with a Sorbothane insert
Authors: Bulsara Y. R. , Matthew I. R.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— Sorbothane is a visco‐elastic polyurethane that has been used in sports and orthopaedic applications because of its shock‐absorbing properties. The aim of this laboratory study was to evaluate the effect of an intermediate layer of Sorbothane on the peak force transmitted through two thermoplastic ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) sheets as used in the construction of a custom‐made sports mouthguard. The EVA sheets were tested at room temperature after thermal lamination under pressure, either without (control) or with a Sorbothane intermediate layer of 1.1 or 2.65 mm thickness. A piezo‐electric transducer was used to measure the peak force transmitted through each sample from a free‐falling steel ram. The peak force recorded was sigmficantly less for laminated EVA samples with a Sorbothane intermediate layer than for controls of comparable thickness. We conclude that a Sorbothane intermediate layer between heat‐cured laminated EVA sheets, as used in the fabrication of a custom‐made sports mouthguard, may dissipate significantly the force of impact resulting from a blow to the teeth and jaws.
Are posts mandatory for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth?
Authors: Stockton L. , Lavelle C. L. B. , Suzuki M.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— In this era of fiscal and professional accountability, variations in the utilization of posts to improve the retention of crowns or other restorations on endodontically treated teeth are no longer acceptable. This practice ignores not only the potential for root perforations during post space preparations, but also the adhesive properties of modem resin‐based materials. Since the retention of restorations hinges on many other factors, the placement of posts does not necessarily assure service quality and may even lead to deleterious changes. The need to reappraise the utilization of posts in the restoration of endodontically treated teeth cannot be overstated.
Sealing capacity in vitro of thermoplasticized gutta‐percha with a solid core endodontic filling technique
Authors: Valli K. S. , Rafeek R. N. , Walker R. T.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— This study assessed the sealing capacity of two endodontic gutta‐percha filling techniques. Thirty‐four single‐rooted fully developed teeth were endodontically accessed, instrumented and randomly divided into two experimental groups (n=12) and two control groups (n=5). In Group A, root canals were obturated using a solid core thermoplastic technique (Densfil), in Group B and Group C (negative control) canals were obturated with laterally condensed gutta‐percha, and in Group D (positive control) canals were left un‐obturated. AH‐26 was used as the sealer. Two days later, the teeth were conventionally prepared for testing apical and coronal leakage, immersed in india ink for 5 days and subsequently cleared. The linear coronal and apical extent of dye penetration was measured under a light dissecting microscope. The mean apical leakage for Group A was 1.39 mm, and for Group B 2.76 mm, whereas the mean coronal leakage for Group A was 2.87 mm, and for Group B 4.03 mm. The differences between the groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05).
Effect of eugenol on macrophage adhesion in vitro to plastic surfaces
Authors: Segura J. J. , Jiménez‐Rubio A.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— This study was performed to investigate the in vitro effect of eugenol on substrate adherence capacity of macrophages. hlacro‐phages were obtained from Wistar rats. The adherence capacity of macrophages to the plastic surface of Eppendorf tubes was determined. Assays were canied out in these tubes for 15 min of incubation at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. Control peritoneal macrophages showed an adherence index=52.5%. Eugenol decreased the adherence index of macrophages in a dose‐dependent manner. A 1:1000 dilution of eugenol decreased the adherence index of macrophages by 16.6% (P<0.05). Lower dilutions (1:100 and 1:10) greatly decreased the adherence index by 51% and 96.2% respectively (P<0.01). Taking into account that substrate adherence is the first step in the phagocytic process of macrophages and in antigen presentation, eugenol could inhibit macrophage function and modulate immune and inflammatory reactions in dental pulp and periapical tissues.
Prospective study of two retrograde endodontic apical preparations with and without the use of CO2 laser
Authors: Bader G. , Lejeune S.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— This article covers a 4‐year study that reports 320 cases in which endodontic surgery was performed for residual apical lesions or lesions that could not be treated in a conventional way. Four groups of 80 teeth each were formed and they were followed up after a 12‐month interval. The first group comprised cases treated with a micro bur, retrograde filling and IRM; the second, cases treated at the apical and radicular portions with a CO2 laser; the third, cases in which the retrograde cavity was prepared with an ultrasonic device instead of a micro bur; and the fourth group comprised cases treated in a similar way to the second group, i.e., cases treated at the apical and radicular portions, but with a CO2 laser instead of a micro bur. After 12 months, the results showed a better prognosis with ultrasonic treatment. Regardless of technique, the CO2 laser did not improve the healing process.
A case of combined dental development abnormalities: importance of a thorough examination
Authors: Jiménez‐Rubio A. , Segura J. J. , Feito J. J.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— This report describes a case of combined dental development abnormalities. A patient with a previous ectopically erupted supernumerary maxillary canine presented a new ectopically erupted supernumerary premaxillary tooth with dens invaginatus (Oehlers' type 2) and an aberrant coronal morphology, including a pit in the distal portion of the palatal surface. This tooth would have been diagnosed earlier if a panoramic radiograph had been taken at the first visit 5 months before. This case represents a good example of combined dental development abnormalities, i.e., a numerical anomaly (the supernumerary tooth), an alteration of dental position (the ectopic eruption), an alteration of dental morphology (the aberrant coronal shape), and the invagination. This case highlights the importance of a thorough examination, including complementary radiography, of patients with a dental anomaly.
Odontoblast differentiation: a response to environmental calcium?
Authors: Kardos T. B. , Hunter A. R. , Hanlin S. M. , Kirk E. E. J.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— The response of the dental pulp to calcium hydroxide has been well described but the process of pulpal repair leading to dentinal bridge formation appears complex and the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Through the precise regulation of the free calcium ion in the cytosol, cells have been able to utilize anions such as phosphates for a wide range of activities such as energy production (oxidative phosphorylation). As anions are abundant in the cytosol, intracellular levels of calcium ions are kept low, several orders of magnitude less than that of the surrounding extra cellular matrix. Consequently, cells are able to use calcium ions for the regulation of many cellular events. The binding of extracellular molecules such as cytokines, hormones or antibodies, with receptors on the plasma membrane may result in short‐ or long‐term modifications to cellular metabolism, including the mechanisms of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Cell survival depends upon the ability to adapt to changes in the cell's micro‐environment. Adaptation in turn results in altered cellular activity that may be interpreted as showing that the cell has become more or less specialised. In some instances this may include the resumption of mitotic activity. If the rate or magnitude of change exceeds a cell's adaptive capacity, the cell dies. Responses of cells to alterations in their environment are reviewed as they may provide an explanation for the success of calcium hydroxide in facilitating pulpal repair and the differentiation of odontoblasts.
Adhesive bonding of fragmented anterior teeth
Authors: Farik B. , Munksgaard E. C. , Kreiborg S. , Andreasen J. O.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— This in vitro study investigated the fracture strengths of fractured incisors after reattachment to the remaining tooth structure, using either Gluma dentin‐bonding agent together with 1 of 13 different experimental resins or 1 of the following dentin‐bonding agents: Gluma+ (experimental modification of Gluma), Panavia 21, ScotchBondl (SingleBond), All‐Bondz, Dentastic, Super‐Bond, Prime & Bond 2.1. No siwcant differences were found in the experiments with various experimental resins. The fracture strength of teeth rebonded with Gluma, All‐Bondz, Dentastic, SuperBond or Prime & Bond 2.1 showed mean fracture strengths in the range of 8.7–11.2 MPa, which were significantly different in all cases from that of intact teeth (16.3 MPa). Teeth bonded with Gluma+, Panavia 21 or ScotchBondl (SingleBond) showed mean fracture strengths of 15.5, 14.6, and 14.2 MPa, respectively. These fracture strengths were not significantly different from that of intact teeth.
Radiographic assessment of simulated external root resorption cavities in maxillary incisors
Authors: Goldberg F. , De Sllvlo A. , Dreyer C.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— Upper central and lateral incisors of three human skulls were used to assess radiographically the possibility of detecting cavities of Merent sizes and locations, drilled to simulate external root resorptions. The sequence of radiographs was evaluated by three endodontists, who were unaware of the experiment being done, using a 2 X magnifier. The first observation was done without comparing the radiographic images of the different cavities with the preoperative radiograph. For the second round of observation, each sequence was compared with the preoperative X‐ray. The results showed that small cavities were more difficult to detect than the medium and large ones. Moreover, cavities located on the proximal surfaces were more easily detected than those located on the buccal surfaces. Finally, when the observers could compare with the preoperative radiographs (second round of observation), the rate of detection was considerably higher.
Experimental actinomycosis in mice induced by alginate gel particles containing Actinomyces israelii
Authors: Sumita M. , Hoshino E. , Iwaku M.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— The present study aimed to make an animal model for investigating chronic infection. Bacterial cells of Actinomyces israelii (ATCC 10048) were packed in alginate gel particles and injected intra‐peritoneally into BALB/c mice. Actinomycotic lesions were induced efficiently in 9 mice out of 12 after 3 or 9 weeks. Actinomycotic lesions were not produced by injecting a bacterial suspension of A. tsraelii except in one animal. Neither did injection of gel particles without bacteria induce lesions. Bacteria survived in the lesions for at least 9 weeks after the injection, and serum IgG levels against the bacteria were significantly elevated in the animals, indicating that the bacteria were protected from immunological elimination and activated humoral immunity in the animals. Histopathological observation of the lesions by staining revealed that the bacteria in the lesions were acid‐fast and seemed to become resistant to phagocytosis. The bacterial masses were surrounded by inflammatory cells, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages, and were separated from the host cells by a fringe‐like structure similar to the capsular structure of natural sulfur granules. The present study indicated that the use of an alginate gel was effective in inducing actinomycotic lesions in mice.
Effect of root canal filling material and level of surgical injury on periodontal healing in dogs
Authors: Holland R. , Filho J. A. Otoboni , Bernabé P. F. E. , de Souza V. , Nery M. J. , Jr E. Dean
Published: October 2007

Abstract— Some divergencies in the literature about periodontal healing after surgical injury stimulated the development of this experiment. The root canals of dogs' teeth were negotiated and filled by the lateral condensation technique with two kinds of sealers: Sealapex and zinc oxide‐eugenol cement. In the second session, the bone tissue was exposed and one cabity was made at the apical third of the root and another at the border between the coronal and middle thirds, both penetrating into the root canal. Six months later the animals were sacrificed and the specimens prepared for histopathologic analysis. The results showed that the kind of filling material and the level of the periodontal wound exposing the root canal can influence the healing process (P<.01).
Influence of zinc oxide and eugenol sealer on concentration of zinc, calcium and copper in rat tissues
Authors: Kolokouris I. , Kotsaki‐Kovatsi V.‐P. , Economides N. , Poulopoulos A. , Rozos G. , Vlemmas I.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— A zinc oxide and eugenol root canal sealer (Roth 811) and sterile saline solution were injected into the dorsal thoracic midline of 70 male Wistar‐Furth rats. Every day for the next 7 days, 10 animals were sacrificed by ether inhalation. The liver, heart, kidneys and brain were removed from the animals and analysed for zinc, calcium and copper concentrations by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The tissue around the injection site was also surgically removed and prepared for histological evaluation under a microscope. The injection of Roth 811 significantly affected the concentrations of zinc, calcium and copper in some of the examined organs, especially on the 4th and 5th day. The inflammatory reaction adjacent to the material was severe during the first 3 days while on the 7th day the presence of connective tissue with collagen formation was observed.
Effect of soaking in Hank's balanced salt solution or milk on PDL cell viability of dry stored human teeth
Authors: Doyle D. L. , Dumsha I. C. , Sydiskis R. J.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— This study was designed to evaluate the effect of soaking in either Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) or milk on peri−odontal ligament (PDL) cell viability in avulsed teeth. Dry storage times of 30, 60, and 90 min were evaluated. PDL cell viability was determined after removal of the cells from the root surfaces of extracted teeth using a modification of the procedure described by Nakashima (Arch Oral Biol 1991;36:655–63). After trypsinization and subsequent treatment in collagenase, the cells were stained with trypan blue, and viable and non‐viable cells were counted using a hemocytometer and converted to percentages for statistical comparison. The results of this study demonstrated no significant difference in the number of viable cells with or without soaking in HBSS or milk at any of the dry storage times. In addition, there was no significant difference in PDL cell viability between the 30‐and the 60‐min dry periods. Although the soaking procedure had no obvious negative consequence, no simcant improvement in PDL cell viability by the addition of this step was demonstrated under the conditions of this study.
Susceptibility of Nd:YAG laser‐irradiated root surfaces in replanted teeth to external inflammatory resorption
Authors: Friedman S. , Komorowski R. , Maillet W. , Nguyen H. Q. , Torneck C. D.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— NdYAG laser‐induced modification of the root surface may inhibit development of external inflammatory resorption in replanted teeth. This study tested this hypothesis in vivo. The pulp chambers of six mandibular premolars in each of two dogs were accessed, inoculated with plaque, and sealed (Groups 1, 2). Two additional premolars in each dog were endodontically treated without inoculation (Groups 3, 4). After 2 weeks, teeth were hemisected and extracted. Each root had a 2times3 mm surface area denuded of cementum on the buccal and lingual surface. In Groups 1 (n= 12 roots) and 3 (n=4), the denuded surfaces were wiped with 15% EDTA, coated with black ink, and irradiated with Nd:YAG laser (0.75 W, 15 ppc, 300 pm tip, 20 s). In Groups 2 (n= 12) and 4 (n= 4), the surfaces were wiped with 15% EDTA, and rinsed with sterile saline for 20 s. Roots were replanted within 5 min. The dogs were perfwion‐euthanised 10 weeks after replantation. Block specimens were removed, decalcified, embedded and horizontally sectioned (6 pm) at 180‐pm intervals, resulting in 10 to 14 cross‐sections of each root. From these, the middle five consecutive sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and observed by light microscopy for occurrence of surface, inflammatory and replacement resorption on the denuded surfaces. No obvious differences were noted between the laser‐irradiated and non‐irradiated surfaces. Inflammatory resorption was frequent in Groups 1 and 2, and absent in Groups 3 and 4. Replacement resorption was minimal in Groups 1 and 2, and frequent in Groups 3 and 4. Differences between Groups 1 and 2, and between Groups 3 and 4 were not significant, whereas the differences between the two pairs of groups were statistically significant (chi‐square and two‐way ANOVA, P>0.006). These results did not support the hypothesis, and questioned the clinical validity of the surface modification in NdYAG laser‐irradiated den‐tin. Therefore, the clinical application of NdYAG laser to the root surfaces of replanted teeth is not warranted.
Root resorption and apical breakdown during orthodontic treatment of a maxillary lateral incisor with dens invaginatus
Authors: Fristad I. , Molven O.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— A 13‐year‐old girl was referred for endodontic treatment of a maxillary right lateral incisor with root resorption and apical radiolucency after orthodontic treatment. Radiographically the tooth had an invagination canal (Oehlers' Type III) and responded positively to pulp testing. The invagination canal extending to the lateral resorption was opened. Vital bleeding tissue was found, and the canal was cleaned and obturated. The pulp in the main root canal remained vital. The radiolucent lesion gradually decreased during the 3‐year follow‐up. The bone resorption seen here, despite vital tissue in the invagination canal, was probably due to osteoclastic activity caused by a low grade chronic infection, influenced by an injury‐induced inflammation in the periodontiurn during orthodontic treatment.
Histological evaluation of the response of apical tissues to glass ionomer and zinc oxide‐eugenol based sealers in dog teeth after root canal treatment
Authors: Leonardo M. R. , Almeida W. A. , da Silva L. A. B. , Utrilla L. S.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— The object of the study was to compare two commercial root canal sealers: Ketac‐Endo (a glass ionomer cement) and Fill Canal (a zinc oxide‐eugenol cement). A total of 34 root canals from dog premolars with vital pulps were used. After instrumentation, the root canals were sealed with Ketac‐Endo and Fill Canal cements using gutta‐percha and a lateral condensation technique. After 270 days the animals were sacrificed with an anesthetic overdose and the maxillae and mandibles were removed and fixed in formalin for 48 h. After routine histological processing the sections were stained with hematoxylin‐eosin and Mallory trichrome stains. Microscopic analysis revealed that Ketac‐Endo cement presented better results than Fill Canal cement.
A study of replanted permanent teeth in different age groups
Authors: Ebeleseder K. A. , Friehs S. , Ruda C. , Pertl C. , Glockner K. , Hulla H.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefits of replanting avulsed permanent teeth in different age groups. Of the 112 replanted teeth, 103 could be examined after 2.5 years on average. The teeth were divided into three groups: immature teeth (group A), mature teeth in children and adolescents (group B), and mature teeth in adults (group C). Concomitant injuries did not differ statistically between the groups. Extra‐alveolar time with un‐physiologic storage was longer than 15 min in 81 teeth. The results were statistically different for pulpal healing (A>B>C), loss of marginal bone (C>A), amount of replacement resorption (A and B>C), alveolar growth inhibition (A>B>C), local gingivitis (B>A and C) and buccal gingival retraction (C>A and B). Only 3 of 23 extracted teeth were lost because of replacement resorption alone. Only 2 of the 23 extracted teeth showed revascularization of the pulp. The results suggested that replanting aculsed teeth should be considered a temporary solution in children and adolescents. In these patients, the benefit of tooth replantation is mainly the time gained to establish an optimal treatment plan. Mature teeth with a necrotic periodontal ligament replanted in children before the pubertal growth spurt seemed to have the poorest prognosis.
Mandibular central incisor with two root canals
Authors: Funato A. , Funato H. , Matsumoto K.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— A case report of a mandibular central incisor with two root canals and two separate apical foramina is presented. The tooth showed inadequate endodontic treatment and a periapical radiolucent lesion. The lesion healed following endodontic retreatment and proper obturation of both root canals.
Treatment of maxillary molars with vertical fractures
Authors: Yokoyama K. , Matsumoto K. , Kinoshita J. , Sasaki H. , Komori T.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— To date, there has been no reliable method for treating bucco‐palatal fractured maxillary molar teeth. We have developed a simple repositioning method to fix teeth fractured in this way using wire. The effectiveness of this new approach was evaluated in both in vitro experimental research and clinical studies.
Background patterns and sleep‐wake cycles on amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography in preterms younger than 30 weeks gestational age with peri‐/intraventricular haemorrhage
Authors: Olischar Monika , Klebermass Katrin , Waldhoer Thomas , Pollak Arnold , Weninger Manfred
Published: October 2007

Aim: The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the influence of peri‐/intraventricular haemorrhage (PIVH) grades I–IV on amplitude‐integrated electroencephalographic (aEEG) activity in preterm infants <30 weeks gestational age (GA).

Methods: The aEEG tracings of the first 2 weeks of life of 56 preterm infants younger than 30 weeks GA (2 groups: group A = 23–26 weeks GA, group B = 27–29 weeks GA) born during a 4‐year period with PIVH grades I–IV were assessed for the relative duration of four background aEEG activity patterns (continuous pattern, discontinuous high‐voltage pattern, discontinuous low‐voltage pattern and nearly isoelectric pattern), the presence of seizure activity and the appearance of sleep‐wake cycles and compared to the tracings of 75 neurologically healthy preterms without PIVH.

Results: Analysis of aEEG background activity showed a decrease of continuous activity whereas discontinuous activity increased in both groups with larger haemorrhages (grades III and IV) and when compared to controls. Suspected seizure activity was more common with increasing degree of bleeding in group A (50% with PIVH I or II, 75% with PIVH III or IV) and when compared to controls and was the same with increasing degree of bleeding in group B (47% with PIVH I or II, 45% with PIVH III or IV). Sleep‐wake cycles were less common with larger haemorrhages in both groups (group A: 41% with PIVH I or II, 25% with PIVH III or IV; group B: 52% with PIVH I or II, 9% with PIVH III or IV) and when compared to controls.

Conclusions: The aEEG characteristics of severe PIVH consist in a combination of a more discontinuous background pattern, a lack of sleep‐wake cycles and a higher likelihood of seizure activity when compared to age‐matched controls.
Reading Symbols, and Writing words. A Model for Biblical Inspiration
Authors: Hill Robert J.
Published: October 2007

Biblical Inspiration has long been considered an important concept for Catholic theology, but the difficulties experienced in trying to give an adequate and convincing explanation of how divine and the human authors could collaborate in producing Biblical texts has discouraged many writers from pursuing the topic. Some have considered that the difficulties are so great that the task of exploring a theology of Inspiration is too great to make the effort worthwhile.

This article, in attempting to sketch a model for Biblical Inspiration, begins by trying to identify exactly what is required for the theology of Inspiration, and then discarding what is not; it also sets out to distinguish clearly between Revelation and Inspiration, while recognising that the two are closely related, and using a model of symbolic mediation for Revelation. The article goes on to propose a model of Inspiration which satisfies not only the demands of contemporary Biblical scholarship and philosophical hermeneutics, but also the requirements of the doctrine of Inspiration as found in the Magisterial documents of the Catholic Church.
Creation stricto sensu
Authors: Theron Stephen
Published: October 2007

Informed study of Aquinas suggests that absolute idealism and realism do not differ about the relation of created and uncreated freedom (praemotio physica) but rather, if at all, about created vis à vis uncreated being generally. Both cannot be in the same sense. Nor, therefore, have we grounds for distinguishing divine or infinite thinking from real production, if nothing else really is. The Thomist doctrine that God has no real relation to anything outside God is thus, implicitly, absolute idealism. Positing “ontological discontinuity” denies the absolutely infinite transcendence in affirming it. We have no being as God, uniquely, has. This is the meaning of “image”, while “face to face” is ultimately one face (intimior me mihi). Seeing and being are one. Thus Hegel should be seen as rather explicating than reducing creation, thus deepening the doctrine and not offering an alternative. R. Gildas merely assumes the latter. Infinity requires union with “alterity”within God and intra-Trinitarian and ad extra processes are thus analogous. So self-renouncement as explaining either creation (originating an origin) or incarnation (kenosis) is anthropomorphic paradox. God has to be “all in all”.
Side Effects of Pharmacotherapy on Bone with Long-Acting Gonadorelin Agonist Triptorelin for Paraphilia
Authors: Hoogeveen John , Van der Veer Eveline
Published: October 2007

Introduction

There have been limited research studies concerning the use of libido inhibitors for the treatment of patients with a paraphilia. Observational studies suggest that agents that lower testosterone are an effective treatment for paraphilia.

Aim

We report a case of hormonal treatment of paraphilia that was associated with side effects.

Method

A 35-year-old man with a paraphilia was treated with long-acting gonadorelin.

Results

The desired result was reduced preoccupation with sexuality, but there were various side effects including a serious amount of bone loss.

Conclusion

We believe that more attention should be given to the adverse effects of long-term treatment with triptorelin. In our view the drug regime needs to be revised.
Unconscious Classical Conditioning of Sexual Arousal: Evidence for the Conditioning of Female Genital Arousal to Subliminally Presented Sexual Stimuli
Authors: Both Stephanie , Spiering Mark , Laan Ellen , Belcome Sarah , Van Den Heuvel Birre , Everaerd Walter
Published: October 2007

Introduction

Although the assumption that sexual behavior is at least partly learned is common across theories of sexual behavior, classical conditioning of sexual response in women has been seldom studied.

Aim

The study of unconscious classical conditioning of appetitive sexual responses in women.

Main Outcome Measures

Vaginal pulse amplitude assessed by vaginal photoplethysmography, and ratings of sexual affective value.

Methods

Pavlovian conditioning was examined in 18 sexually functional women by using two erotic pictures as conditional stimuli (CSs) and genital vibrotactile stimulation as unconditional stimulus (US). During the acquisition phase, the CSs were presented briefly (30 ms) and were masked by an immediately following masking stimulus. Only one CS (the CS+) was followed by the US during the acquisition phase. Conditioned responses were assessed during the extinction phase with supraliminal presentations of the CS+ and the CS−.

Results

Vaginal pulse amplitude was higher in response to the CS+ than during the CS− during the first extinction trial. There was no conditioning effect on ratings of affective value.

Conclusion

The experiment demonstrates evidence for unconscious conditioning of genital responses in women, but no evidence for evaluative conditioning. The results add to the limited evidence for classical conditioning of sexual arousal in women, and to increasing evidence for associative emotional learning without awareness.
The Treatment of Sleep-Related Painful Erections
Authors: van Driel Mels F. , Beck Jack J. , Elzevier Henk W. , van der Hoeven Johannes H. , Nijman J.M.
Published: October 2007

Introduction

As specialists in male genital problems, urologists and sexologists will most likely to be involved in the treatment of males presenting with sleep-related painful erections (SRPEs). This means that this phenomenon needs to be recognized by urologists and sexologists, and that they should have knowledge of the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Aim

To review the literature on SRPE and to find the best pharmacological treatment.

Methods

Four personal clinical observations from two clinics and 29 other cases with SRPE found in PubMed were analyzed, especially regarding the results of pharmacological treatment.

Main Outcome Measures

The results of pharmacological treatment.

Results

Many of the various treatments proved to be ineffective and only a few showed efficacy for a few weeks or months. The only effective drugs in the long term were baclofen, clonazepam, and clozapine.

Conclusions

Until now, the phenomenon of SRPE is not well understood. The rarity of the published cases undoubtedly does not reflect the actual occurrence of SRPE. Controlled double-blind pharmacological trials are needed, and long-term follow-up including polysomnography coupled with nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity monitoring may provide further information about SRPE.
Review of Studies of Androgen Treatment of Female-to-Male Transsexuals: Effects and Risks of Administration of Androgens to Females
Authors: Gooren Louis J.G. , Giltay Erik J.
Published: October 2007

Introduction

Testosterone supplementation in ovariectomized or elderly women may improve their sense of well-being and libido, muscle mass and strength, and bone mineral density. Naturally, androgens may have virilizing effects in women. It is often believed that androgens have deleterious effects on cardiovascular risks.

Aim

To obtain an inventory of the effects of administration of testosterone on female biological functions.

Methods

We reviewed here our publications on the effects of high-dose androgen administration to female-to-male transsexuals treated between 1975 and 2004 (N=712). Annual accrual was at a steady rate of 22–30 persons. Dosages administered were far above those suited for women.

Main Outcome Measures

There was special focus on the potential negative effects on cardiovascular risk markers.

Results

The standard treatment was administration of testosterone esters, 250 mg/2–3 weeks, parenterally). With this dose, virilizing effects on the skin and clitoris were prominent. Spatial ability improved, while verbal fluency deteriorated. The ovaries developed polycystic characteristics. Adequate dosages of testosterone preserved bone mass in females. Androgens increased kallikreins, such as prostate-specific antigen, in female reproductive tissues. High-dose testosterone administration appeared to increase weight, visceral fat, and hematocrit, decrease high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increase endothelin-1, increase C-reactive protein, and increase total homocysteine. But blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, fibrinolytic markers, arterial stiffness, and levels of von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, and interleukin-6 remained largely unchanged.

Conclusions

Our studies demonstrated that, while some markers of cardiovascular risk factors showed a shift to a more negative risk profile, others were not affected. Androgen effects on cardiovascular risk markers are therefore not universally negative, and it is reasonable to assume that the latter effects will not be negative with the much lower doses suited for administration to women.
The political constitutionalism of JAG Griffith
Authors: Gee Graham
Published: October 2007

Despite exerting a considerable influence over contemporary constitutional thought, there is a very real sense in which the political constitutionalism of JAG Griffith has been neglected. This paper seeks a genuine engagement with Griffith's work and, in doing so, offers a reconstruction and partial defence of Griffith's political constitutionalism. The article characterises Griffith's political constitutionalism as ‘agonistic’– that is to say, issuing from a belief in the inescapably conflictual nature of human association. Central to this agonistic political constitutionalism is the relationship between conflict and politics – or what might be termed the political management of conflict. This paper argues that Griffith's account of conflict, although central to his constitutional thought, is underdeveloped, not least in its failure to elucidate precisely what is to be understood by ‘politics’. It is thus that the paper draws on the work of Michael Oakeshott to propose an understanding of politics as the pursuit of intimations that, it is argued, can help draw out an important blend of conflict, continuity and contingency in Griffith's political constitutionalism.