bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method for the synthesis of broadband devices with an optimal characteristic of the power conversion factor, matching the time-varying load impedance.
Authors:   Military Academy of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk 220057, Belarus, Boykachev P.V. , Dubovik I.A. ,   Military Academy of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk 220057, Belarus, Isaev V.O. ,   Military Academy of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk 220057, Belarus
Published: May 2021

A method is proposed for the synthesis of broadband matching devices that adapt radio engineering systems to the changing load impedance in a wide range of natural conditions of their operation. The results of experimental studies of the effect of operating conditions on the impedance of VHF and UHF radio antennas with matching devices are presented. An invariant of the sensitivity of the reflection coefficient function to changes in the load impedance is obtained, on the basis of which a complex criterion for the synthesis of broadband matching devices is developed. A broadband matching circuit was synthesized for the AD-44/CW-TA-30-512 antenna device, which provides a gain in the potentially achievable radio line range of up to 5% in relation to the standard matching device. An analytical mathematical model of a broadband matching device is developed and based on it, a matching device adaptive to the changing impedance of the AD-25/CW-3512 antenna is synthesized, providing an average gain in the potentially achievable range of the radio line from 2% to 15% in the framework of the presented experimental studies.
Impedance matching of planar antenna array elements for terahertz rectenna.
Authors:   M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991 Russia, Vu K.T.C. , Zynenko A.S. ,   M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991 Russia, Kazaryan G.M. ,   M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991 Russia, Savvin V.L. ,   M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Physics, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991 Russia
Published: May 2021

The terahertz frequency band of electromagnetic radiation has many potential practical uses. However it still remains to be underdeveloped because of the difficulties with its generation and detection. Many modern studies suggest using rectennas (rectifying antennas) as a potential efficient terahertz detector. The application of rectennas in the terahertz band is challenging in its own way. In particular an efficient operation of a rectenna device requires applying high values of voltage to the rectifying element. This can be attempted by employing an antenna array. However the terahertz band is the band in which the effects of finite conductance of metals start becoming noticeable. This means that antennas in the array cannot be spaced too far away from each other. For a terahertz antenna one of the most popular kinds of structure is a planar antenna, placed on top of a dielectric layer with a metal reflector beneath it. Placing connecting wires in the same plane as the antenna array can minimize the length of the said wires. But it also leads to the structure becoming too complex to compute as the number of the antennas in the array increase. Placing the connections in a different plane, e.g. behind the reflector, can eliminate the influence of these connections on the antenna array characteristics. This study shows that this method also allows adding antennas to the array in a unified manner regardless of their amount. It is worth noting that using this way it is also possible to achieve a predictable behavior of the output impedance of the antenna array.
Practice and perspectives of using ultrasensitive magnetometers in biomedical research.
Authors:   Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation of RAS, Kaluzhskoye shosse,4, Troitsk, Moscow 108840, Russia, Maslennikov Yu.V. ,   Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of RAS, Mokhovaya str., 11-7, Moscow 125009, Russia,   CRYOTON Co. Ltd., Lesnaya str., 4b, Troitsk, Moscow 108840, Russia
Published: May 2021

There are a large number of sensors for measuring the magnetic field of biological objects. They are characterized by the type of the measured physical parameter (magnetic field strength, magnetic flux, etc.), the level of intrinsic sensitivity, and the frequency range of the recorded signals. The long-term practice of studying biomagnetic signals shows that only SQUID-based magnetometers and optically pumped magnetometers have sensitivity levels sufficient for recording biomagnetic signals with the required signal-to-noise ratio. This chapter reflects the main directions of using such magnetometers and methods of magnetic measurements in biomedical research, gives examples of existing technical solutions, and shows possible ways of their further development.
Germinoma con diseminación difusa subependimaria cuadriventricular, cerebelar y tallo cerebral rostral
Authors: Villarreal García Enrique , Contreras Guerrero Javier , Fragoza Sánchez Edgar , Monserrat Quiñones González Alba , Díaz Juárez Eduardo , Medina Romero José Raymundo
Published: May 2021

Introducción. Los germinomas del sistema nervioso central tienen predilección por la línea media, el diagnóstico diferencial es amplio y la inmunohistoquímica determina el diagnóstico definitivo.
Caso Clínico. Adolescente de 19 años, inicia con visión doble al fijar la mirada o seguir objetos, cefalea frontal bilateral, sin irradiación, punzante. Se agregó disminución de agudeza visual con parálisis del III nervio craneal a la supraversión conjugada de la mirada, Babinski ausente, temblor de intención, marcha atáxica al TANDEM y mareo al realizarlo. Al ingreso con diagnóstico clínico de síndrome cerebeloso vermiano; diagnóstico imagenológico, probable linfoma cerebral primario e hidrocefalia no comunicante realizando colocación de VDVP punto precoronal derecho y toma de muestra de líquido cefalorraquídeo; marcadores tumorales, negativos; manejo farmacológico, ceftriaxona y albendazol; biopsia incisional por esterotaxia parietal izquierda, transoperatorio, atipia linfoide; diagnóstico histopatológico, lesión neoplásica; diagnóstico inmunohistoquímico, germinoma.
Conclusión. Se presentó el primer el caso descrito de germinoma de línea media con extensión difusa subependimaria cuadriventricular, cerebelar y tallo cerebral rostral.
The Solar System: Nature and mechanics
Authors: Ljubičić Mario
Published: May 2021

Origin, mechanics and properties of the Solar System are analyzed in the framework of Complete Relativity.The analysis confirms the postulates and hypotheses of the theory with a high degree of confidence.During the analysis, some new hypotheses have emerged. These are discussed and confirmed with various degrees of confidence. To increase confidence or refute some hypotheses, experimental verification is necessary.Main conclusions are:- Solar System is a scaled Carbon isotope with a nucleus in a condensed (bosonic) state and components in various vertically excited states, - Earth is a living being of extremely introverted intelligence, - life is common everywhere, albeit extroverted complex forms are present on planetary surfaces only during planetary neurogenesis, - anthropogenic climate change is only a part (trigger from one perspective) of bigger global changes on Earth and in the Solar System during planetary neurogenesis, - major extinction events are relative extinctions, a regular part of transformation and transfer of life in the process of planetary neurogenesis.
Differential expression of thioredoxin interacting protein in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding thioredoxin interacting protein, TXNIP, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. TXNIP mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of TXNIP in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with basal subtype, luminal A subtype and luminal B subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. TXNIP may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Trends in Pediatric Palliative Care Research (TPPCR) 2019; Issue #4: Commentary on Ekberg et al.
Authors: Rahman Fariel
Published: May 2021

This TPPCR commentary discusses the 2020 paper by Ekberg et al., “Finding a way with words: Delphi study to develop a discussion prompt list for paediatric palliative care” published in Palliative Medicine.
The failure to meet GMP on completely eliminating replication-competent adenoviruses in vaccines using the chimpanzees Adv will have disastrous consequences, since it is closest to HAdv species E known to cause respiratory and ocular disease
Authors: Chakraborty Sandeep
Published: May 2021

Chimpanzee adenovirus (Y25, Accid:JN254802.1) is being used in the ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield) vaccine [1] because it has low human seroprevalence [2].Closest to HAdV4 - respiratory and ocular disease causing speciesThis virus is closest to (95.36% identity, Accid:KX384949.1) to those found in HAdV4 respiratory infections with a ‘concurrent outbreak of coxsackievirus A21 among United States Army Basic Trainees’ [3]. In fact, it was first ‘identified by its association with outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in military recruits’ in the 1950’s [4]. A recent paper noted that ‘increasing infections among civilians are a matter of concern’ [5], including an outbreak of respiratory illness on 5 college campuses in the United States (2018-19) [6]. Also, 15 new HAdV-E4 strains were extracted from cases of respiratory and ocular disease in the US and Japan, indicating the cell specificity of this species [7].What cells will this adenovirus infect?The fiber protein [8] (the spike protein equivalent of the SARS-Cov2 virus) shows very high homology in the N-termimal (Fig. 1). There is no characterization of the human cells this Chimpanzee adenoviral-vector will infect to make Cov2 spike protein - but it surely will be respiratory and ocular cells.Previously, I have raised concern that the replication-deficient adenoviral vector, used to deliver SARS- Cov2 spike protein as a vaccine, could recombine with the homologous human adenoviral to generate a novel adenovirus+spike virus [9].Failure to remove the E1 gene would leave a live virus in the vaccineThe vector vaccine production process (making millions of doses) has known issues, especially the ‘rare appearance of replication-competent adenovirus’ [10], requiring strict GMP-compliance [11]. Brazil has raised similar concerns about the adenovirus-vectored-vaccine from Russia(Sputnik) [12]. This is essentially the E1 replication gene - which is supposed to be absent - but could be picked up from the human cell lines used to manufacture the vaccine doses. The failure to comply with this could lead to disastrous consequences, as these could cause all diseases the live virus could.How to detect - or stop thisMetagenomic studies could easily detect if such an event has occurred, while sequencing or PCR of the vaccine doses for the presence of the E1 gene could stop it from happening. Reports of negative Cov2 PCR with significant lung damage - or new symptoms like conjunctivitis strongly associated with this species of adenoviruses needs to be investigated in more depth
Differential expression of RHOJ in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding ras homolog family member J, RHOJ, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. RHOJ was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer. RHOJ mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of RHOJ in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with luminal A subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. RHOJ may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Cycles of Diversification in Urban Environments: Evidence from Sassi, UNESCO World Heritage Site, Italy
Authors: Baciu Dan Costa , Pietra Diana Della
Published: May 2021

Evolution goes through cycles of diversification and growth. Here, we report empir-ical evidence to support this thesis in urbanism. Our research broadens theoretical work on evolutionary theory and breaks new ground for an entire range of applica-tions in the precise planning and management of urban environments and their architecture.
Differential expression of neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2, NTRK2, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. NTRK2 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of NTRK2 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with basal, luminal A, and luminal B subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. NTRK2 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Differential expression of MFAP4 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding microfibrillar associated protein 4, MFAP4, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. MFAP4 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of MFAP4 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal A subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. MFAP4 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Differential expression of EGFLAM in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding EGF like, fibronectin type III and laminin G domains, EGFLAM, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. EGFLAM mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of EGFLAM in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal B subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. EGFLAM may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Differential expression of phospholipase D1 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding phospholipase D1, PLD1, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. PLD1 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of PLD1 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with HER2+ subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. PLD1 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
MODERENISASI SEJARAH SEBAGAI PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Hanafi
Published: May 2021

Modernisasi adalah proses perubahan dari sesuatu yang belum maju ke arah yang lebih maju. Modernisasi dimaksudkan untuk memperbaiki dan mencapai suatu bentuk masyarakat yanglebih maju, berkembang, berkualitas, dan sejahtera. Kalau menurut Soerjono Soekanto, Modernisasi adalah perubahan-perubahan di dalam masyarakat mengenai perubahan normasosial, nilai sosial, susunan lembaga yang ada di masyarakat, pola perilaku sosial, dan segalaaspek di dalam kehidupan sosial. Selain Soerjono Soekanto, ada lagi nih yang mendefinisikan modernisasi yang bisa dilihatdari beberapa bidang. Orang itu adalah Anthony Giddens yang menuliskan definisimoderninsasi dalam bukunya The Consequences of Modernity dan membagi definisimodernisme menjadi empat pengertian.
Photovoltaic Lunar Cell Materials — Design, Manufacturing and Simulation
Authors: Hurd Jack
Published: May 2021

Solar cells provide clean energy around the world. However, in some area the solar power is limited by weather conditions. The search for more powerful and energy-efficient systems has led to an increasingly broad field of research. This paper proposed a new technology to build low-energy collectors - lunar cells. We have introduced a multi-disciplinary collection framework that represents this diverse research area; and provide an opportunity to link previous researches from multiple specializations, such as engineering, renewable energy, and chemistry.
Visual Partitioning for Multivariate Models: An approach for identifying and visualizing complex multivariate dataset
Authors: Fife Dustin
Published: May 2021

sers of statistics quite frequently use multivariate models to make conditional inferences (e.g., stress affects depression, after controlling for gender). These inferences are often done without adequately considering (or understanding) the assumptions one makes when claiming these inferences. Of particular concern is when there are unmodeled nonlinear and/or interaction effects. With such unmodeled multiplicative effects, inferences based on a main effects model are not merited. On the other hand, when these effects are properly modeled, complex multivariate analyses can be "partitioned" into distinct components to ease interpretation. In this paper, we highlight when conditional inferences are contaminated by other features of the model and identify the conditions under which effects can be partitioned. We also reveal a strategy for partitioning multivariate effects into uncontaminated blocks using visualizations. This approach simplifies multivariate analyses immensely, without oversimplifying the analysis.
Examining the Structural Validity of English Stereotype Content Measures
Authors: Friehs Maria-Therese , Boettcher Johanna , Kotzur Patrick Ferdinand , Lüttmer Tabea , Wagner Ulrich , Asbrock Frank , van Zalk Maarten
Published: May 2021

The stereotype content model (SCM) plays a prominent role in social perception research when comparing the evaluation of different groups on warmth and competence dimensions. We examined the structural validity of SCM measures from publications based on data from English speaking participants. Re-analyzing 78 datasets from 43 published studies using confirmatory factor analyses and measurement invariance assessment, we found that 34.81% of the 586 re-analyzed SCM measurement models showed adequate scale dimensionality, implying a meaningful and valid warmth and competence assessment in one third of all cases. Regarding the scales’ comparability as defined by measurement invariance, we found (partial) scalar invariance as precondition for meaningful mean-value comparisons in 11.43% of all cases. These findings indicate considerable validity concerns in published SCM research. We propose future directions to improve the measurement quality and validity in future SCM research and invite fellow researchers to constructively discuss these ideas.
Off-world mental health: considerations for the design of wellbeing supportive technologies for deep space exploration
Authors: Smith Nathan , Peters Dorian , Jay Caroline , Sandal Gro Mjeldheim , Barrett Emma , Wuebker Robert
Published: May 2021

During future long duration space exploration missions, humans will be exposed to combinations of extreme physical, psychological and interpersonal demands. These demands create risks for safety, performance, health, and wellbeing of both individuals and crew. The communication latency in deep space means that explorers will increasingly have to operate independently and take responsibility for their own self-care and self-management. At present, several research programmes are focused on developing and testing digital technologies and countermeasures that support the effective functioning of deep space crews. Although promising, these initiatives have been stimulated mostly by technological opportunity rather than cogent theory. In this perspective, we argue that digital technologies developed for spaceflight should be informed by wellbeing supportive design principles and be cognisant of broader conversations around the development and use of digital health applications, especially pertaining to issues of autonomy, privacy and trust. These issues are important for designing potentially mission critical health technologies and may be determining factors in the safe and successful completion of future off-world endeavours.
From Denial of Facts to Rationalization and Avoidance: Ideology, Needs, and Gender Predict the Spectrum of Climate Denial and Self-Protection
Authors: Wullenkord Marlis
Published: May 2021

Denying climate change can take many forms, ranging on a spectrum from outright denial of facts (literal denial), over re-interpretation or distortion of facts (interpretive denial, e.g., denial of personal and global outcome severity), to the acknowledgement of facts but denial of their implications (implicatory denial, e.g., avoidance, denial of guilt, rationalization of own involvement). This study aimed at 1) exploring potential distinct profiles within the spectrum of climate denial and self-protection and 2) investigating relations with right-wing ideological conviction and gender (established predictors) but also need satisfaction and value orientation. Analysis of a German quota sample (N=1007) revealed the following: Participants differed in the extent to which they endorsed all types of climate-denial and self-protection but there were no distinct profiles of climate denial and self-protection in the data, according to latent profile analysis. As pre-registered, structural equation modelling revealed that people who reported right-wing ideological convictions reported more climate denial and self-protection along the spectrum of denial but especially literal and interpretive denial. Absence of need satisfaction and male gender were significant additional but weaker predictors of implicatory denial. Future research should employ longitudinal, experimental, mixed-methods designs to further disentangle the underlying mechanisms and functionality of climate denial.
Information System Strategic Planning for M Group
Authors: Damayanti Lily , Sunarsa Teofilus , Gunawan Yuki
Published: May 2021

M Group is a company engaged in the field of pharmacy, eye health and food. Along with the rapid growth of the company there are problems of how to make use the Information Technology department as optimal as possible and how to build a  blue print of it strategy in handling a variety of issues and programs or initiatives to support the company's business strategy? This study aims to produce a strategic plan for information technology M Group. The research method used is John Ward and Joe Peppardâ€™s framework for strategic planning of information technology and Scott A. Bernardâ€™s Enterprise Architecture documentation. This study uses SWOT analysis, IT Balance Scorecard and Cost Benefit Analysis as a strategic tool to analyze the needs of Information System on M Group. After conducting the analysis then the  Information System(IS) strategic planning is propose for M Group for next years (2020), which includes business strategies IS, IS / IT Management Strategy, Information System(IS) strategy and future application portfolio. The result of analysis and proposed strategies on M Group documented using the Enterprise Architecture Documentation.
Functional outcome of retrograde nailing versus locked plating of extra-articular distal femoral fractures in adults: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yadav Chandra Bhusan , Rajak Asish , Shrestha Bikram Prasad , Rijal Raju , Maharjan Rajiv , Kalawar Rosan PS , Limbu Amit
Published: May 2021

Background: Distal femoral fracture constitutes the supracondylar and intercondylar fractures of femur. These are treated by locking plates as well as with nails. Despite the widespread use of both techniques, there are only few comparative studies. The two clinical techniques used to stabilize distal femur fractures are compared in this study.

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to compare plating and nailing in terms of functional outcome using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Knee Score of operative fixation of extra-articular femur fracture.

Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with a total of 30 patients presenting to BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences in a period of twelve months. All skeletally mature (>16 years) adult patients with isolated traumatic closed extra-articular fracture of distal femur without distal neurovascular deficit and giving written and informed consent were included. Patients with re-fractures, poly-trauma, fracture dislocations, pathological fracture and compartment syndrome were excluded. They were operated and followed up at 2, 6, 12 and 24 weeks. 

Results: The demographic profiles of the two groups were comparable. There was no significant difference in functional outcome (Hospital for Special Surgery score), union or complications between them.

Conclusion: This study showed that there was no significant difference in terms of functional outcome (Hospital for Special Surgery score), union, fracture alignment, range of motion (knee, hip joint), infection, other outcome measures between plating and nailing in the treatment of distal femoral fracture in adults. Hence, further study is required to come to firm conclusions.
Knowledge and attitude towards nursing profession among male secondary level students
Authors: Khatri Asmita , Singh Regina
Published: May 2021

Background: Nursing profession is stereotyped worldwide.  In Nepal, the enrollment of males in nursing education was initiated in 1986 AD with allocation of 10% seats, which stopped after enrollment of four batches only. Nepal Nursing council has announced 15% allocation of nursing seats to male students from academic year 2018/19 AD but only a few number of males have been enrolled. 

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude towards the nursing profession among male secondary level students. 

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by employing multi-stage sampling technique in June, 2019. Random list of secondary schools of Kathmandu district was created followed by proportionate stratified random sampling among 80% of male students studying in grades nine and ten from initial ten schools from the randomized list. The sample size was 388. A self-structured questionnaire was administered. Data was analyzed in SPSS version 20 by using frequency, percentage, mean, chi-square test and pearson’s correlation coefficient. 

Results: Out of 388 respondents, only 55.4% had adequate knowledge and only 53.4% had a more positive attitude towards the nursing profession. Significant association was found between knowledge towards the nursing profession with two of the socio-demographic variables grade of student and respondent’s family, friends and relatives in the nursing profession.

Conclusion: The study showed inadequate knowledge and less positive attitude towards the nursing profession. Educational programs regarding different aspects of nursing profession should be planned timely by professional nursing organizations, nursing colleges and secondary schools of Nepal which would create a positive impact in enrollment of male nursing students in coming academic years.
COVID pandemic and online teaching in medical practice in developing country
Authors: Maharjan Dhiresh Kumar , Regmee Sujan
Published: May 2021

Not available.
Right extended hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: A case report
Authors: Dahal Romi , Adhikari Krishna Mohan , Pradhan Sumita , Bhandari Ramesh Singh
Published: May 2021

Radical resection in a case of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is the only curative option. However resection in a hilar cholangiocarcinoma is a challenging procedure because of the low resectability rate. Only a few cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma are operable because of the advanced nature of disease at presentation. Furthermore, the extent of surgery makes it a complicated process to attempt. We recently had a patient who underwent an open extended right hepatectomy and hepaticojejunostomy for a type IIIa hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

The tumor was 20 mm in diameter and was located between the right hepatic duct and common hepatic duct. Radiological examination showed that the hepatic artery was not involved but the right portal vein was invaded by the tumor. CT volumetry was done and the future liver remnant was only 20% in the jaundiced patient. Preoperative drainage was done with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage from the left side. Portal vein embolization was done to augment future liver remnant to 30%.

The patient underwent an extended right hepatectomy (right trisectionectomy combined with caudate lobectomy). The operation time was nearly 300 min, and the intraoperative blood loss was about 500 ml. However, in the postoperative period, the patient developed post hepatic liver failure which was managed successfully with conservative treatment. The postoperative hospital stay was 23 days.

The final diagnosis was hilar cholangiocarcinoma with no nodal metastasis (pT2bN0M0) stage II (American Joint Committee on Cancer, AJCC).
La arquitectura y los espacios públicos. Construcción y devenir del Teatro Colón en Lima
Authors: Barrera Henry
Published: May 2021

La edificación del Teatro Colón significó una contribución a la evolución urbana de Lima, convirtiéndose rápidamente en un importante espacio público de interacción social desde su inauguración en 1914. La difusión de representaciones teatrales y películas nacionales e internacionales se daban en su interior abarrotado de un público de todos los sectores sociales. En su devenir durante el siglo XX el Colón reflejó, como el resto de los teatros limeños, el progreso arquitectónico. No fue casualidad la reconstrucción efectuada en 1941, para estar acorde a la vanguardia y a la armonía del ambiente urbano donde se ubicaba. Por medio de fuentes inéditas el presente artículo se centra en develar como fue el nexo que mantuvo este monumento histórico como espacio público en la Lima del siglo pasado con el progreso urbanístico, hasta el momento en que empezó a perder trascendencia y caer en el olvido.
Thermal Sprayed Polymer Coatings for Corrosion Protection in a Biochemical Treatment Process
Authors: Allan M.L. , Berndt C.C. , Brogan J.A. , Otterson D.
Published: May 2021

Thermal sprayed ethylene methacrylic acid (EMAA) and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) coatings were evaluated for corrosion protection in a biochemical process to treat geothermal residues. Coupon, Atlas cell, peel strength and cathodic disbondment tests were performed in aggressive environments including geothermal sludge, hypersaline brine and sulfur oxidizing bacteria (Thiobacillus jerrooxidans) to determine coating suitability for protecting storage tanks and reaction vessels. It was found that the polymers were resistant to chemical attack and biodegradation at the test temperature of 55°C. The EMAA coatings protected 3l6L stainless steel from corrosion in coupon tests. However, corrosion of mild steel substrates coated with EMAA and ETFE occurred in Atlas cell tests that simulated a lined reactor operating environment and this resulted in decreased adhesive strength. Peel tests revealed that failure mode was dependent on exposure conditions. Cathodic disbondment tests in brine at room temperature indicated that EMAA coatings are resistant to disbondment at applied potentials of -780 to -1070 mV SCE for the test conditions and duration.
An Analysis of Environmental Factors Affecting Corrosion Behaviour of Thermal Spray Cermet Coatings
Authors: Hodgkiess T. , Neville A.
Published: May 2021

Primarily thermal-spray coatings have been developed to combat excessive degradation of components due to mechanical wear. However, these coatings are increasingly being required to function in aqueous environments where corrosive attack is possible. The durability of thermal spray coatings in terms of corrosion resistance is the focus of this paper. Two coating methods were studied: high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) and thermal spray-fused. The HVOF coating was WC-Co-Cr and the spray-fused coatings were WC-Co based and Ni-Cr-Si-B. Samples have been exposed to aqueous environments at a range of different temperatures and of varying salinity (500ppm and 35,000ppm Total Dissolved Solids) in order to simulate freshwater and seawater environments. The detailed material loss and degradation mechanisms have been investigated using electrochemical-monitoring techniques supported by precise post-test microscopical examination using light microscopy, scanning electron and atomic force microscopy and x-ray microanalysis. The study has demonstrated that there is a strong dependence on coating durability for all the coatings as a function of temperature but salinity has a lesser effect. However there are interesting differences in the extent and detailed mechanisms of such effects between the different coatings.
Corrosion Resistance of Thermal Spray Inconel 690 Coatings
Authors: Normand B. , Liao H. , Landemarre O. , Coddet C. , Pagetti J.
Published: May 2021

Inconel thermal spray coatings are potential candidates for wide industrial applications. However, the coating structure resulting from thermal spray processes characterized by unmelted particles, oxides and porosity can severely hinder their corrosion resistance in aggressive media. The aim of the present work was to optimize elaboration parameters in order to enhance their chemical stability. Electrochemical criteria were used to identify the ability of those coatings to form a passive film in a sulfuric acid solution and also to determine their local corrosion resistance in a chloride solution. Results show that the passivity state is strongly conditioned by the coating microstructure. Coatings free of unmelted particles exhibit a notably reduced passive current density while the localized corrosion resistance seems conditionned by the amount of interlamellar oxide.
Controlling the Sacrificial Corrosion Properties of Sprayed Aluminium Alloy Coatings
Authors: Horlock A.J. , Dent A.H. , Mccartney D.G. , Harris S.J.
Published: May 2021

Dilute aluminium alloys with additions of tin and indium when deposited by thermal spraying no longer behave as barrier coatings but demonstrate sacrificial corrosion properties when they exist on corrodible substrates. The degree to which the sacrificial attack occurs depends upon the spraying conditions and the tin or indium contents of the coating. The form in which the tin and/or indium exists in these coatings has not been specified but both elements are known to be sparingly soluble in aluminium. A series of experiments have been carried out using Al-12wt%Sn alloy powder as a feedstock for high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying on to a steel substrate. The as-sprayed coatings were highly reactive in distilled water and dissolved in a few minutes. Heat-treatment of the coatings at 450°C for increasing amounts of time up to 20 hours reduced the reactivity to water but did not influence the corrosion rate in 0.1M NaCl solution. SEM/TEM observations on the coating provided evidence of the coarsening of tin particles from 15nm (as sprayed) to 0.5-2µm (as heat-treated). A second alloy with a copper addition i.e. Al-12wt%Sn-1wt%Cu was also sprayed to form coatings. The copper addition prevented reaction in water but did not influence the high corrosion rate of the as-sprayed coating in 0.1M NaCl. Heat treatment at 450°C reduced the corrosion rate and allowed passive films to form over limited ranges of electrode potential. The size and distribution of the tin phase was different in the copper containing coatings and this influenced the corrosion rate.
Cored Wire Application Using Electric Arc Spray
Authors: Sampson E.R.
Published: May 2021

The use of cored wires for thermal spraying is a relatively new development that is being rapidly utilized for arc spray in a wide variety of applications. This paper will discuss the existing applications and industries in which cored wire coatings are used. Additionally, this presentation will cover the effect cored wires have had on the use of other types of thermal spray equipment. The paper will close with a trend analysis that discusses the applications of the future.
Dc Plasma Sprayed Polymer Composite Coatings for Abrasion Resistant Protective Surfaces
Authors: Tufa K.Y. , Gitzhofer F.
Published: May 2021

A high energy recovery of dc plasma torch has been developed and applied to the deposition of >10 mm thick polymer composites for abrasion resistant protective surfaces. The injection of low cost fillers such as alumina or silica in the hot plasma zone can absorb a lot of energy and cool down the plasma whereas polymer powder is injected downstream in a much cooler zone. Indeed, the energy absorbed by the fillers can then be transferred inside the polymer matrix coating allowing an energy recovery mechanism. The result is a composite polymer/ceramic with the following benefits: The shrinking phenomena due to the polymer recrystallisation is eliminated allowing a good coating adhesion, a high polymer/filler throughput can be achieved and the risk of the in-flight polymer combustion is largely reduced. The fillers addition decreases the overall cost of the coating and the type of filler can influence the composite properties. Abrasion resistant composites have been produced with alumina fillers. Medium density polyethylene (MDPE) sprayed with 45 wt % reinforcement as tested on the modified ASTM G-65 apparatus has shown abrasion resistance as good as ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), which is one of the highest abrasion resistant polymer. In order to understand the abrasion resistance mechanisms, variables in the coating process such as: size of the fillers, polymer injection angles, polymer degradation and composite microstructure have been analyzed.
Slurry Erosion Resistance of Arc-Sprayed and Laser-Melted Coatings
Authors: Dallaire S. , Dube D. , Fiset M.
Published: May 2021

Slurry-handling equipment and pipelines particularly used in coal processing and mining industries are continuously exposed to the Impact of liquid-borne solid particles, resulting in progressive damage and loss of material. Cost-effective solutions to slurry erosion in aqueous media have been mainly limited to austenitic stainless steels, although coatings have been proposed. This work was aimed at evaluating the slurry erosion resistance of arc-sprayed coatings and determining what improvement IS achieved after laser melting. Multiphase and Type 316 stainless steel arc-sprayed coatings were obtained by arc spraying in air solid and cored wires. The surface of arc-sprayed coatings was melted using a pulsed Nd-YAG laser producing 1.06 µm wavelength radiation. Arc-sprayed and laser-melted coatings were slurry erosion tested at impact angles of 25° and 90° in a laboratory slurry jet erosion device using quartz sand as erodent. The evaluation of wear damage was done with a laser profilometer. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to evaluate the microstructural changes which occurred after laser surface melting. Multiphase arc-sprayed coatings were more slurry erosion resistant than Type 316 stainless steel coatings. Improvement in slurry erosion resistance, particularly at the impact angle of 90°, was achieved by laser melting multiphase arc-sprayed coatings. Although deep microstructural changes occurred within coatings upon laser melting, the removal of stringers between sprayed platelets by laser melting was found responsible for the increase in slurry erosion resistance of multiphase laser-melted coatings.
Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Plasma Sprayed WC-Co-Ni Coatings
Authors: Hayashi H. , Haraguchi H. , Ito H. , Nakano O.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the microstructure and wear resistance of plasma sprayed WC-Co-Ni coatings. WC-Co-Ni composite powders were prepared by mixing of WC powder, Co powder and a Ni-P alloy powder, followed by sintering and crushing to improve the properties of plasma sprayed WC-Co coatings. In this study, their coatings were deposited by the atmospheric plasma spraying. The evaluation of their coatings were carried out by the observation of microstructure, measuring of microhardness values, adhesion strength values and an abrasive wear test. The abrasive wear resistance of the as-sprayed WC-Co-Ni coatings was comparable with that of WC-Co coatings deposited by HVOF spraying, and besides, the properties of the post-treated WC-Co-Ni coating were comparable with those of cemented carbides.
Microstructure and Properties of Tungsten Carbide Coatings Sprayed with Various HVOF Spray Systems
Authors: Schwetzke R. , Kreye H.
Published: May 2021

The paper reports a series of experiments with various HVOF spray systems (Jet Kote, Top Gun, Diamond Jet (DJ) Standard, DJ 2600 and 2700, JP-5000) using different types of WC-Co and WC-Co-Cr powders. The microstructure and phase composition of powders and coatings were analyzed by optical and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Carbon and oxygen content of the coatings were determined in order to study the decarburization and oxidation of the material during the spray process. Coatings were also characterized by their hardness, bond strength, abrasive wear and corrosion resistance. The results demonstrate that the powders exhibit various degrees of phase transformation during the spray process depending on the type of powder, the spray system and the spray parameters. Within a relatively wide range, the extend of phase transformations has only little effect on coating properties. Therefore coatings of high hardness and wear resistance can be produced with all HVOF spray systems when the proper spray powder and process parameters are chosen.
A Study on the Arc Spraying of 7Cr13 Cored Wire and Tribological Properties of the Composite Coating
Authors: Xu B. , Ma S. , Wang J. , Tan J.
Published: May 2021

For the purpose of getting high hardness and high wear-resistant coating by arc spraying technology, the arc spraying of 7Cr13 cored wire is adopted in this paper. The metallurgical process of the cored wire arc spraying is discussed. The bond strength, hardness and tribological properties of the composite coating are investigated.
Improvement of Wear Property of NbC/High Cr-High Ni Overlay Alloy Coating Formed by Plasma Transferred Arc Welding Process
Authors: Tomita T. , Okita K. , Taratani Y. , Harada Y.
Published: May 2021

This paper presents the results of a study showing how isothermal aging affects the wear properties of Cr-Ni overlay alloy coatings with dispersed NbC particles. High Cr-high Ni coatings, with and without niobium carbides, were deposited on mild steel substrates via plasma transferred arc welding then age-hardened at temperatures from 773 to 1023 K. The precipitation behavior and wear properties of the coating samples were examined using Vickers hardness testing, SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, and Ohgoshi wear testing. The results showed that isothermal aging significantly improved the hardness and wear resistance of the NbC-dispersed alloy but had little effect on the NbC-free samples. The difference in precipitation behaviors is probably due to the presence of niobium atoms in the alloy matrix, resulting in a continuous precipitation of α' phase.
Cavitation Erosion Resistant Coatings Produced by Thermal Spraying and by Weld Cladding
Authors: Kreye H. , Schwetzke R. , Buschinelli A. , Boccanera L.
Published: May 2021

The cavitation erosion of various hardfacing coatings was investigated by using a vibratory cavitation apparatus according to ASTM G 32. Coatings of austenitic stainless steel containing 10 % cobalt were applied by arc welding. High velocity oxy-fuel spraying (HVOF) was employed to produce coatings of various kinds of cermets and metallic alloys. For each coating, the steady state erosion rate was determined and the effect of process parameters and alloy composition on the microstructure and erosion rate was investigated. The morphology and microstructure of the coatings before and after cavitation testing were analysed by metallographic methods in order to study the erosion mechanism. It is demonstrated that the high resistance to cavitation erosion of the cobalt-alloyed steel can even further increase when the fluxed core arc welding process and an improved pulsed power source are used to produce the coatings. The erosion resistance of the HVOF coatings, however, was limited by pores, microcracks and oxides and did not significantly exceed the level typical for bulk stainless steel 316 L.