bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The problem of determining the features of understanding the concept of «spiritual culture» as a component of self-realization of personality
Authors: Likhitska Larisa , Starovoit Lesya
Published: April 2022

The article examines the impact of national and cultural values on socialization of a personality and its spirtual development. Main attention is related to the problem of education of value orientation, such as spiritual, human, national with have a significant influence on human socialization.

Purpose. Spiritual development of the person includes a system of ethical values and national cultural landmarks, which are implemented in the subjective selection of ideals, objective rating system and specific human behavior. One of the most important is a problem of education and preservation of spiritual values of the younger generation, cultural and spiritual values, which are the basis of human existence.

Methods The article analyzes the views of scientists to determine the spiritual values of national culture. They are formed during the historical development of the nation, development of its material and spiritual culture.

Results. The current period of society development requires new approaches to education and future generations. A measure of social development has always been a measure of cultural and spiritual nature of human.

Originality. Significant attention is given to nurturing influence of family in the formation of spiritual potential of a personality.

Conclusion. The biggest impact of all processes contradictions that occur suffers from, primarily, the family as the most important center of society. Changes, occurring in our country, promote the growth of the family role in the morality formation of the younger generation. It is saying about the impact of national and cultural values, which change in the formation of spiritual culture
Combating crimes against humanity in the 21st century
Authors: Timofeyeva Liliya
Published: April 2022

In the 21st century Ukraine faced with horrific crimes against humanity that were known during World War II. Despite the Minsk agreements, on February 24, 2022 the Russian Federation started a full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
The issue of combating crimes against humanity in the 21st century is considered. The commission of such crimes violates a number of international conventions and treaties, including the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court of 17 July 1998, the Charter of the United Nations of 26 June 1945, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 10 December 1948, the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and fundamental freedoms of November 4, 1950, etc.
The international community should focus their attention on inadmissibility of violation of fundamental human rights and freedoms. The ratification of international instruments and the existence of institutions, aimed at ensuring peace in the modern civilized world, should prevent encroachments on the territory of other states, mass destruction of people and civilian buildings.
The invasion of the Russian Federation into the territory of Ukraine, use of weapons of mass destruction, missiles and gunfire against the civilian population is not only an encroachment on the territorial integrity of Ukraine. This is an encroachment on European values, which ​​have been built for centuries in response to the experience of war.
The best way to deal with crimes against humanity and war crimes as well is integration and unity of the international community in combating these crimes. The existence of global problems, environmental and economic crises, epidemics, epizootics, poverty especially conditioned integration of the international community for peace.
Last but not the least, the human rights standards should be complied with at prosecuting people who have committed and been involved in crimes against humanity
The right to freedom of peaceful assembly in the digital environment of society
Authors: Sambor Mykola
Published: April 2022

This research is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of human use of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly in Ukraine and the exercise of this right in the digital environment. The article examines the forms of exercising the right to freedom of peaceful assembly, the peculiarities of their definition in the digital environment in social networks and messengers, the content of this right at the present stage of development of civil society in Ukraine. The freedom to exercise this right in the digital environment is substantiated by the democratic principles of society and the spheres of its existence, in particular digital existence, using the means of telecommunication available to members of Ukrainian society. It is argued, that the right to freedom of peaceful assembly in the digital environment has several basic forms: 1) subjective form of dissemination of information, among subjects who can see the content of the page of a person, which does not provide a specific goal of forming like-minded people and uniting their interests; 2) creation of special groups, networks, which have the immediate goal of attracting and uniting the sole purpose of a certain group of people. The digital environment, which in life is increasingly absorbing people, requires detailed study by legal scholars, because along with the freedom to use these achievements of scientific and technological progress, this area needs quality regulation through a universal regulator - law, relations within it primarily by limiting the state's influence on the freedom of existence and development of the individual and the rights, associated with it, as well as creating decent conditions for the digital development of the individual, his/her freedom and dignity. The exercise of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly in the digital environment depends on the behavior and decisions of public authorities and local governments, as well as on the administrators of relevant social networks. If the first (public authorities) can restrict the work of social networks, the administrators who under certain conditions should be considered as representatives of public administration in the social network can act as censors of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly, using their powers to deleting certain posts, blocking the work of social pages. Unfortunately, the peculiarities of the exercise of these powers in the field of ensuring the right to freedom of peaceful assembly do not find the necessary and sufficient legal regulation, which negatively affects the right to freedom of peaceful assembly in the digital environment, the possibility of its freedom and participation conditions of an unlimited number of participants in such meetings. This is due to the lack of doctrine of understanding the content of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly in the digital environment and forms of its implementation, the composition of relations, in which this right is exercised
Statistical correlation between accounted road accidents, road traffic administrative offenses and criminal offenses against traffic safety and transport in Ukraine
Authors: Novikov Oleg
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the correlation between reported traffic accidents, road traffic administrative offenses and criminal offenses against road safety and transport operation in Ukraine for 2015-2020. The author found that road traffic administrative offenses should include Art. 121, 121-2, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 128-1, 129, 130, 133-1, 139 and 140 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, and on criminal offenses against road safety and operation of transport - Art.  280, 286, 286-1, 287 and 291 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. It is proved, that the statistical ratio between road traffic administrative offenses and criminal offenses against road safety and transport operation increased significantly annually from 2015 to 2020 (from 71:1 to 344:1). The average ratio of administrative offenses and criminal offenses in Ukraine for six years (2015-2020) was 209:1, and for four years (2017-2020) - 274:1. The obtained data on Ukraine are interesting from the point of view of their inconsistency with the general tendencies of the ratio of administrative offenses and criminal offenses. After all, the increase in the number of detected administrative offenses should indicate an improvement in the work of the patrol police in the field of road safety and, in turn, lead to a corresponding reduction in the level of criminal offenses in this area. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant decrease in the number of criminal offenses in Ukraine. In addition, only in 2019 Ukraine reached the optimal scientifically proven average of 300: 1. The average ratio between the number of administrative offenses in the field of traffic and the number of accidents on average over four years (2017-2020) was 1540: 100. Statistics show that despite the increase in the ratio of administrative offenses and road accidents with each passing year, there has been no decrease in the number of road accidents. In addition, on average over four years (2017-2020) there were 95 administrative offenses per one accident with victims, 716 administrative offenses per one person killed in such accidents, and 76 administrative offenses per one injured person. The average ratio for four years (2017-2020) between road accidents and road accidents with victims is 6.19: 1. In other words, every 6-7 accidents were with victims. A positive trend is the increase in this ratio in recent years
Design and construction of a desiccant air dryer for seeds and vegetables
Authors: Olunloyo Oluwatoyin , Ibiyeye Dare , Ajiboye Opeyemi , Taiye Afolabi Reuben , Afeye Folasade , Fasunloye Taiwo , Osin Rachel
Published: April 2022

The object of this research is the design of an affordable desiccant dryer for local farmers for seed and vegetable drying. The subsequent increase in food production has led to an accompanying need for easy, safe, and affordable preservation methods. This has led to a substantial increase in the number of driers, which are expensive for local farmers to acquire. Seeds and certain vegetables do not do well, under the high heat used in most dryers for drying as the drying process is often used as a final production step before packaging and selling agricultural products. Desiccant drying is hygienic, low energy, low cost, and safe method of drying agricultural products without degrading them or reducing their nutritional quality. A desiccant air dryer for seeds and vegetables was designed and constructed, and its performance was tested using bitter leaves (Vernonia amygdalina). Desiccant dryer materials were carefully sourced and selected based on the cost of the materials, availability, strength, lightness (weight), and resistance to rust. The desiccant dryer chamber has external dimensions of 43 cm by 30 cm and internal dimensions of 28 cm by 25 cm. The drying chamber is divided into five layers; each layer is 48 cm by 44 cm with a total surface area of 0.2112 m2.

Results showed significant moisture loss in the dried sample in 26 hours from 167 g to 54.1 g when compared with ambient air drying values. Proximate analysis of the desiccant dried bitter leaf higher values across all parameters when compared with the sample dried using ambient air. From the results obtained, it was therefore concluded that the desiccant dryer dried the samples faster than the common air-drying method. It was recommended that seed and vegetables should be dried in a desiccant dryer in other to increase shelf life and reduce perishability.
Consideration of intellectual property insurance essence
Authors: Kyazim Panar
Published: April 2022

The object of the current research is the insurance of intellectual property in the light of its very essence and the overall frame in which it exists and develops worldwide. There are two problematic issues on this topic, from which various other problems, with less importance but still existing, arise. The first thorough problematic aspect is the lack of unified rules for intellectual property insurance. This is the one side of the coin. On the one hand and the other side of the coin is the apparent fear of the insurance companies to commit to this type of policy, due to lack of security and the high risk. In the course of the research two main tools are used. The first and basic one is a brief overview and analysis of the theoretical foundations of the topic, which subsequently is used as a groundwork for assay of different companies’ good practices in this field. As a result of the review of the framework of intellectual property insurance, it is concluded that its application as a parallel and additional method of protection of the intellectual property is very beneficial, useful, economically viable, and highly necessary, but only if a way to eliminate the difficulties and shortcomings of this type of insurance completely is found. In the future, in order to reach positive changes to take place and for intellectual property insurance to become an increasingly preferred method for supplementary protection of intellectual property, the proposed approach is to be worked in three directions. Those directions are intertwined with each other and they must be worked on simultaneously and in their interconnectedness. Namely, the directions are building a unified system, with a strict methodology and at the same time creating a legal basis which to bring in detail and unequivocal means and approaches the way in which intellectual property insurance is carried out.
Development of an approach to improvement the protection of the population in protective buildings of civil protection in the conditions of air pollution by toxic chemical agents
Authors: Karakurkchi Ann , Sakhnenko Mykola , Korogodskaya Alla , Zyubanova Svitlana
Published: April 2022

The object of research is the process of air purification from toxic chemicals in the filter ventilation systems of civil protection facilities, the subject of the study is the use of catalytic materials based on titanium dioxide coatings in filter ventilation systems. One of the most problematic places is the expired expiration dates of absorber filters used in the filter ventilation systems of civil protection structures. This can lead to a decrease in their protective effect on the disinfection of outdoor air in the conditions of man-made accidents, military operations or terrorist acts. As a result, it poses a threat to the life and health of people.
To solve this problem, it is proposed to use catalytic materials based on titanium dioxide, obtained by plasma-electrolyte oxidation, in the filter-ventilation systems of civil protection facilities. In the course of the study, TiO2·MO coatings were formed on model titanium samples, where M is W, Mo, Zr, Zn. Using the methods of energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, scanning electron and atomic force microscopy, and photocolorimetric studies, the properties of the synthesized functional materials were studied and the possibilities of their application in the technology of photocatalytic oxidation of toxic substances were determined. An analysis was also made of possible designs of photocatalytic blocks for filter ventilation systems using catalytic materials based on TiO2. It has been determined that the optimal technological form of a catalyst in a photocatalytic block is the deposition of a layer of titanium dioxide doped with additional components on a structured base by plasma-electrolyte oxidation.
The results obtained made it possible to create proposals for the use of synthesized catalytic materials to increase the degree of protection of the population at civil protection facilities. In particular, it is proposed to arrange the existing filter ventilation systems with a photocatalytic unit (module) to increase the efficiency of neutralizing chemically hazardous substances, and, consequently, the degree of protection of people. The direction of further research is related to the manufacture of a mock-up sample of the photocatalytic unit and bench tests to study the effectiveness of air disinfection.
Design and development of a palm kernel nut cracking unit
Authors: Ibiyeye Dare , Olunloyo Oluwatoyin , Aderemi Adeniyi , Emmanuel Ileri-Oluwa , Akala Abisayo , Owolola Oluwaseun
Published: April 2022

The object of this research is the cracking of the nuts of oil palm (Elaesis guineensis). The oil palm tree is one of the greatest economic assets a nation can have, provided its importance is realized and fully harnessed. After the oil extraction of palm oil from the palm fruits, virtually all methods involved in palm kernel nut cracking both in traditional and small-scale exist in scattered or separate units of operations. Hence, this research focused on designing a palm nut kernel cracking unit incorporating a separator in form of a screen to separate cracked palm kernel nut shell from kernel. The result shows that there were significant difference (p≤0.05) among the moisture content of the palm nuts, shaft speed of the machine and weight (feed rate), having a significant difference between:
– moisture content of the palm nut and the shaft speed of the cracker;
– moisture content and feed rate;
– shaft speed and feed rate.
There exist interaction between cracked, uncracked shell, damaged, undamaged kernel, and palm kernel nut breakage ratio. While, there was no significant difference among interaction between moisture content, shaft speed and feed weight. The result also indicated that for the highest speed of 1,800 rpm at a feed rate of 700 kg/h for all moisture contents, the cracking efficiency was between10 to 90 %, which implies that the kernel cracking efficiency increases with an increase in machine speed. However, it was observed that higher cracking efficiency was at the cost of higher kernel damage for all cracking speeds and feed rates, which is a problem. The kernel breakage ratio ranged from 1.040–7.85 for all feed rates and moisture contents. The kernel breakage ratio increased with moisture content and cracking speed but decreases with feed rate weight.
Marine economy - the new development trend of mankind in the \(21^{st}\) century
Authors: Nguyen Tac An
Published: April 2022

The article introduces the basic understanding of the marine economy and why humankind has to turn to the sea and the ocean in the 21st century, sea and ocean use, and approaches to exploitation and governance of ocean, marine, coastal and island economy for sustainable development. It also analyses international and regional lessons learned, the actual situation of marine economic growth in Vietnam in the past 30 years, some management and exploitation solutions (integrated management, ecological security, international cooperation,...) for socioeconomic development, sovereignty protection and territorial security in the East Vietnam Sea in the current complex context.
Management and economics of ornamental nursery
Authors: Gholap V. B. , Benke S. R. , Patil S. N.
Published: April 2022

There has been increasing demand for horticultural crops more particularly fruit and ornamental ones in both urban and rural areas of India. With this, the demand for good quality planting materials has gone up and hence, the nursery business has developed rapidly in the recent years in our country. The project entitled “Management and Economics of Ornamental Nursery” is carried out with an objective to studycritical areas of management, cost and return structure and customer preference for purchasing ornamental plants. Annual total operating cost of Shrushti Nurserywas Rs. 16, 47,800. Amongst total operating cost maximum cost was incurred on Labour Charges is 72.82% followed by Input cost (11.23 %). Benefit cost Ratio of Shrushti Nurserywas 1.50 which is greater than one. It is implied that expenditure of Rs. 1 /- will fetch returns of Rs, 1.50 per annum. Certainly returns are comparable to returns obtained from any bank deposits or other guaranteed sources of income. Internal rate of return was 41%. It ensures that Shrushti Nurseryinvestment makes more money than its actual cost. Delivering customer satisfaction is the heart of modern marketing theory.Flowering plants are mostly purchased from the nursery.Maximum Variety and good product display are the reason of purchase of plants from Shrushti Nursery.
Marketing management of cut flowers under protected cultivation
Authors: Patil S. N. , Benke S. R. , Gholap V. B.
Published: April 2022

Pune and Satara districts ofWestern Maharashtra are the important districts cultivating rose and gerbera flowers.Markets are impulses for improved farm production and quality produce.Marketing management is useful for decision making regarding viability. Hence, an attempt has been made to study the marketing management and constraints in marketing of cut flowers under polyhouses in the Pune and Satara districts of Maharashtra by estimating thecost of marketing and price spread with the information on packaging, transportation and selling pattern of cut flowers. For the present study a sample of 30 rose and 30 gerberacut flowers growers was drawn from Pune and Satara districts. The primary data requiredon the various aspects were collected through pre tested questionnaire by personnel interview of respondents pertained to the agriculture year 2018-19.The data were analyzed with simple statistical tools viz., percentages and averages. Garrett’s ranking technique was employed to rank the constraints in marketing of cut flowers.The results revealed that, about 85 per cent of the rose produce and 82 per cent of gerbera produce sold in Pune and Mumbai market.On an average 74 per cent rose growers and 62 per cent gerbera growers sold their produce at a predetermined price.Commission of commission agents shared more than 50 per cent in cost of marketing of rose and gerbera cut flowers.The margins of wholesalers and retailers were higher in the marketing of gerbera than rose cut flowers. Producers share in consumers’ rupee was higher in rose cut flowersthan gerbera.Price fluctuations followed by increasing demand of dummy/artificial flowers was the major constraintin marketing of cut flowers.
Money management practices followed by selected homemakers in different stages of life cycle
Authors: Kulkarni Madhuri , Garad Jyoti
Published: April 2022

Research on money management practices followed by selected homemakers was conducted among purposively selected 150 homemakers 50 each from beginning, expanding and contracting stage of family life cycle. Personal interview method with prescheduled questionnaire was conducted to collect information on financial practices followed in family living. The data were analysed statistically by applying Z test and correlation co-efficient test. It was observed from the study that purchasing lists were prepared by more number of homemakers from beginning and expanding stage of family life cycle. More than eighty per cent of the homemakers from beginning (86%), expanding (98%) and contracting (90%) stages of family life cycle felt necessity of maintaining the account of expenses. It was observed that in beginning and expanding stages of family life cycle the homemakers involved in majority of purchases and payments were more as compared to the homemakers from contracting stage of family life cycle.
Fear – Punishment – Resistance
Authors: Soboleva Larisa , Redin Dmitry
Published: April 2022

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The Western-European Tradition of Depicting the Chameleon in Russian Popular Printst
Authors: Schruba Manfred
Published: April 2022

This article examines the iconographical, historical, and cultural context of On the Chameleon Beast, a popular Russian print from the first half of the eighteenth century. The print reproduces an illustration from The Spectacle of Human Life (Rus. Zrelishche zhitiia chelovecheskogo) (1712), a now-lost anthology of fables from the Petrine period. The motif of the chameleon, an exotic animal which does not occur in Russia, is obviously borrowed from a foreign source; nevertheless, the interpretation of this motif is apparently an invention of the Russian artist. Unlike in non-Russian iconography, the Russian chameleon is depicted as a kind of a monster, clumsily walking upon the Earth against a postapocalyptic landscape. The numerous possible paragons of the popular print chameleon examined in the article originate from the depiction of the chameleon in Conrad Gessner’s Historia Animalium (first published in the album Icones Animalium in 1553). Until the late seventeenth century, the illustrations in Gessner’s books had a great impact on the iconography of the chameleon, as well as of other animals. The influence can be noted in three different visual contexts: firstly, in emblems (starting with the publication of Marcus Gheeraerts’ De warachtighe fabulen der dieren (Truthful Fables on Animals, 1567) and with the 1591 edition of Andrea Alciato’s Emblemata); secondly, in illustrated books on natural history (Pierre Belon, Edward Topsell, Ulisse Aldrovandi, Basilius Besler, etc.); and thirdly, in different types of printed graphic arts (from the highly artistical printings of professional academic art (Marcus Gheeraerts, Adriaen Collaert) to the popular prints of mass culture). The genetic connection of the Russian popular print chameleon with Gessner’s illustrations can be easily demonstrated by comparisons with a later, more anatomically precise tradition beginning in the second half of the seventeenth century (Claude Perrault, Antonio Tempesta, Cornelis de Bruijn, Antonio Vallisneri, Albertus Seba). In the Russian popular engraving, other images originating from Conrad Gessner’s work are the famous Cat of Kazan and a series of depictions of poultry, such as the Kalkun lubok.
Fauna in the Poetic Worldview of Gavrila Derzhavin
Authors: Venditti Michela
Published: April 2022

Animal images are ubiquitous in Gavrila Derzhavin’s poetry and can be found in works belonging to different stages of his career. This article studies issues connected with the functions that the world of fauna performs in his works and aims to find out whether it evolves over time. The image of the swan in his Horatian ode of the same name (1808) is considered a symbol of the poet’s immortality, and unpublished poems on the death of a dog an expression of the burlesque direction in Derzhavin’s work. With a view to determining the general typology of animals in Derzhavin’s lyrical poetry (with the exception of fables and parables), the article proposes a general classification of animals in order to then turn to a detailed analysis of two little-studied works (The Magnitude of God (Rus. Velichestvo Bozhie) (1789) and Morning (Rus. Utro) (1800). Together with the poems, the author examines the illustrations that accompany them in the Grot edition of Derzhavin’s works. His poetic bestiary is very rich in comparison with those of other poets of his time, becoming more and more an integral part of his poetic landscape. According to Derzhavin’s aesthetic concept, poetry should depict “shining and lively pictures, with nature-like views”, including its inhabitants from the world of fauna. However, this function changes at different stages of the poet’s work and varies depending on the genre chosen. Derzhavin refers to animal images for different purposes, from symbolic to humorous; the range of animal images corresponds to the idea of the poem and expresses different approaches to language. Due to an archaisation of his later poetry, animal images become more and more symbolic and myth-like. The variety and range of animal images in Derzhavin’s ode Morning connect this work with images of the creation of animals in Western European painting and graphics, primarily with the famous Vatican fresco The Creation of the Animals by Raphael.
Fighting Criminal Groups in Corrective Labour Camps and Penal Colonies in the Post-War USSR
Authors: Piliavets Yuri , Ivanyakov Roman
Published: April 2022

It is impossible to understand the peculiarities of the domestic penitentiary system during later Stalinism and its influence on Soviet society without considering the processes that took place in the Gulag at the time, clarifying the interests and interaction of the actors of these processes. Between the second half of the 1940s and the first half of the 1950s, the USSR’s penitentiary system witnessed a confrontation between criminal groups unprecedented in terms of its scale and the number of victims: these have gone down in history as the Bitch Wars. Based on a systemic interdisciplinary approach, the authors try to recreate an objective picture of this confrontation. For this purpose, they analyse the causes and dynamics of the conflict, the composition of the participants, the activity of the penitentiary personnel supposed to resolve it, and the legal framework regulating this activity. The article emphasises that all Gulag society was involved in the confrontation, which rapidly divided into numerous criminal groups. The authors substantiate the thesis that the main cause of the conflict was the truggle for camp resources and the right to parasitise in the camp population. It is concluded that the attempts of the camp administration to restore order in the institutions, using some criminals against others, led to an increase in violence and destabilised the entire penal system. Additionally, the authors analyse the dynamics of crimes committed by gangsters, paying close attention to the characteristics of the activities carried out to combat banditry and the normative support of this activity. It is concluded that the administration of the Gulags did not find an effective solution to put an end to criminal terror. The conflict, along with other events that took place in the camp system, forced the country’s leadership to start looking for a new concept of the corrective labor system. The confrontation between thieves under the code (Rus. vory v zakone literally, “thieves in law”) and those who had abandoned the criminal cause (Rus. otoshedshie, literally, “the departed”) has no clearly established chronological boundaries. Individual excesses took place during the war years and until the early 1960s. The authors limit the time frame of the work to the period between 1947 and 1954, when the most massive, active, and fierce confrontation between criminal communities took place. The work is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. In preparing the article, the authors used specific historical, logical, legal, statistical, sociological, and other methods of scholarly research.
The Time and Reasons for Fyodor Kolychev’s Retreat to the Solovetsky Monastery
Authors: Usachev Andrey
Published: April 2022

This article considers the first stage of the life of Metropolitan Filipp (lay name Fyodor Stepanovich Kolychev, 1566–1568). The author focuses on the motives and circumstances of his retreat to the Solovetsky monastery. The work calls into question the widespread hypothesis according to which his joining the monastery was closely connected with the repression against the Kolychevs after the suppression of the Staritsky mutiny in 1537. The author demonstrates that, firstly, Stepan Kolychev’s family was not persecuted and, secondly, that Fyodor had gone to the Solovetsky Islands before the Staritsky mutiny took place, i. e. in the first half of 1534. By that time, he was a mature twenty-seven-year-old (by the standards of the time). The author comes to conclusion that Fyodor decided to enter the monastery consciously and voluntarily. The reasons for his decision should not be sought in the political sphere but only in the sphere of religious consciousness. By the moment of taking his monastic vows, he had no unrealised political ambitions left. This fact distinguishes him from Vassian (Patrikeev) and Filaret (Romanov), who were forced to take monastic vows and regarded the Church as the sphere where they could realise their ambitions. Fyodor’s social skills may have played a very important role in him being elected abbot of the Solovetsky monastery. The monks needed a young and active abbot who would have the skills and experience to manage a large household. At 37–38 years of age, Filipp had business acumen, and not so many monks came from the service class. The election of Filipp contributed to the flourishing of the Solovetsky monastery’s patrimony in the 1540s–1560s. The research refers to chronicles, acts, colophons, and the Life of Metropolitan Filipp. These historical sources are analysed with the help of source study methods, which make it possible to reconstruct the past from contradictory and fragmentary evidence. The author pays much attention to the analysis of Filipp’s Life and tries to distinguish valuable facts of his biography from typical hagiographic motifs.
The Regional Peculiarities and Identity of the Ural Old Industrial District: Socio-Topological Aspects
Authors: Azarenko Sergey , Keller Andrey
Published: April 2022

Starting with the large-scale transformations of Peter the Great in the first quarter of the eighteenth century, the mining industry of the Urals was subjected to increased state and legal regulation. Based on theoretical aspects of social topology, an attempt is made to describe the influence of the regional peculiarities and identity of the Ural old industrial region on the forms of management and social practices of the region’s mining economy. The work’s purpose is to identify the difference in the organisation of factory production, depending on the form of ownership of the enterprise: state, possessional, or allodial. It is necessary to identify the role of administrative and economic practices and constraining and developing factors: the vast territory and the predominance of traditional management and everyday practices, on which private and state entrepreneurship had been based on for a long time. The dual system of mining and civil administrations led to the emergence of complex phenomena like the district system (V. V. Adamov) and polymorphism (I. V. Poberezhnikov). The authors try to substantiate one of the main reasons for increased social turbulence in the early twentieth century. On the basis of this study, it can be assumed that in the conditions of a balanced development of industry at the micro-, meso-, and macro- levels, the need to resort to the levers of mobilisation and forced modernisation decreased due to the sufficient availability of financial, industrial, natural, and human resources.
The Russian Graphosphere: The Perspective of a British Scholar
Authors: Bulanin Dmitrii
Published: April 2022

This review examines The Russian Graphosphere, 1450–1850 (2020) by Simon Franklin, a well-known British specialist in Byzantine and mediaeval Russian history. The book is an authorised Russian translation; the original was published in English a year before. The book contains a reference guide to different types of Russian writing over a period of four hundred years, starting from the mid-fifteenth century. In the book, an overview is followed by a series of case studies on controversial issues dealing with the writing technology that was applied in a particular case. The author focuses his attention on the visual aspect of the writings, their functions, and their interaction as a set of visible words. Franklin considers the written sources a system of visually distinguishable signals and calls the system a graphosphere. The graphosphere is described in its dynamics and correlated with the development of society and culture. The reviewer regards the monograph as an outstanding academic work that opens new paths for future historical research. However, he also expresses regret that the history of the Russian graphosphere, which can be seen as a special phenomenon, is partly lost in the book against the background of identical processes that took place around Europe.
Knowledge and Perception of Diabetes Mellitus among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Five Public Health Centers in Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Nabila Khansa Ainun , Kusumawati Maya , Megawati Ginna
Published: April 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that causes various complications, leading to a high mortality rate and high medical costs. Good knowledge and perception are essential for patients in understanding the disease and how to prevent the complications. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and perceptions of DM among patients with type 2 DM from the Public Health Centers (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat, Puskesmas), the primary health care facility in West Java. Methods: The research design was quantitative observational with a cross-sectional method and descriptive approach. Data were collected in 2019 from all DM patients living in five working areas of the Puskesmas in Karawang Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Data collection was performed by trained interviewers, using a validated translation of the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ) (Cronbach’s alpha 0.723) and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) (Cronbach’s alpha 0.74) to measure knowledge (24 questions) and to explore perception (8 questions), respectively. Results: Of the 211 respondents, 165 were predominantly female (76.4%) and aged 52–61 years old (35.2%). Knowledge was moderate (55.8%), however, they had a negative perception of the disease (50.9%). Conclusions: Although most of the respondents have a moderate level of knowledge, their perception of DM is still negative. Therefore, education for patients and the community needs to be evaluated to enhance knowledge and perceptions about diabetes mellitus.
Maternal Characteristics and Histopathological Features of Placenta Accreta Spectrum in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Period 2015–2020
Authors: Kharisma Yuktiana , Agustina Hasrayati , Suryanti Sri , Dewayani Birgitta Maria , Hernowo Bethy Suryawati
Published: April 2022

Background: The placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) incidence has inclined today. The PAS is divided into three histopathological classifications, including accreta, increta, and percreta, associated with maternal, fetal morbidity, and mortality. This study aimed to explore the maternal characteristics and histopathological features in PAS at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Methods: This descriptive observational study involved 135 cases from January 2015–December 2020 at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital that met the inclusion criteria. The PAS histopathological classification was evaluated based on maternal characteristics such as age, parity, cesarean section (CS), and miscarriage. Results: The incidence of placenta accreta from 2015 to 2020 was 37.0%, whereas increta was 43.4%, followed by percreta at 19.3%. The maternal age of placenta accreta and increta mainly occurred at the age of 30–34 years with the prevalence of 40% and 46%, respectively, whereas percreta was aged 35–39 yo (27%). Most parities in placenta accreta, increta, percreta were three. Interestingly, 93% of cases had a CS history. Furthermore, the miscarriage history for accreta was 18%, increta 29% and percreta 38%. Conclusion: The highest incidence of PAS in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital is placenta increta, which mainly occurs at the age of 30–34 years. Almost all PAS patients have a history of CS; however, most of the patients do not have a miscarriage history.
Correlation between MMP-9 Level and Diastolic Dysfunction in Concentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Patients
Authors: Pramudyo Miftah , Jungjunan Ridho , Martanto Erwan , Achmad Chaerul
Published: April 2022

Objective: To establish the relationship between plasma matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 levels and diastolic functional abnormalities using the E/e’ measurement in concentric type Hypertensive Heart Disease (HHD) patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to January 2015 in population with hypertension and concentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH). Diastolic function was assessed with E/e’ measurement using echocardiography. The relationship between the two variables was analyzed using Spearman correlation. Results: Thirty-nine subjects (14 males, 35.9%) with the average relative wall thickness of 0.7(±0.15), average body weight of 63.45 (±12.97) kg, average height of 155.51 (±7.12) cm, average body mass index of 26.23 (±5.08) kg/m2, and mean age of 55 (±10) years were fit to be included in the analysis. The median systolic blood pressure was 140 (110-220) mmHg while the median diastolic blood pressure and median left ventricular mass index were 80 (70-110) mmHg and 119.24 (103.05-205.69) g/m2, respectively. The median MMP-9 was measured at 108 (4-460) ng/mL and the median E/e' was 10.99 (6.2-20.42). There was a significant positive correlation between MMP-9 and E/e' (r = 0.416, p = 0.004). Conclusion: There is a significant moderate positive correlation between the MMP-9 level and diastolic dysfunction in concentric LVH patients.
Effects of Low-level Laser Therapy on Fibroblast Density in Achilles Tendon Rupture Healing
Authors: Andhika Cakra , Primadhi Raden Andri , Rasyid Hermawan Nagar
Published: April 2022

Objective: To investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on fibroblast proliferation as a part of the tendon healing cascade. Methods: This was an unpaired comparative experimental animal laboratory study with one control groups and two experimental groups, each consisted of 10 Sprague Dawley rats. The experimental groups 1 and 2 were given infrared irradiation for 15 minutes and 30 minutes per day, respectively, after having their achilles tendon partially cut. Histological assessment was carried out to assess the fibroblast density in healing site after three weeks on intervention. Results: The median values of fibroblast density in group 1, group 2, and control group were 1, 2, and 1, respectively, with a p-value of 0.014. No significant difference (p = 0.123) was identified on Mann-Whitney test between the fibroblast density of group 1 and group 2. The same was also true forgroup 1 and control group (p = 0.315). A significant difference was found between group 2 and control group (p = 0.005). Conclusions: A regime of LLLT irradiation of 30 min/day for two weeks (1080 J cm-2) improves the fibroblast proliferation amidst tendon healing in a partially injured achilles tendon in a rat model, which is not seen in the regime with a 15 min/day duration. This emphasizes the significance of irradiation time to improve tendon healing, despite the deficient understanding of the mechanism.
Punching shear capacity of steel-fibre recycled aggregate concrete slab
Authors: Sahoo Saumyaranjan , Singh Bhupinder
Published: April 2022

For this paper, the punching shear behaviour of 18 steel-fibre recycled aggregate concrete (SFRAC) balanced slab–column connections was experimentally investigated and analytically modelled for the following variables: the recycled concrete aggregate replacement level (0, 50 and 100%) and the volume fraction of hooked-end fibres (0, 0.4 and 0.8%). The measured punching shear capacities were practically insensitive to the recycled aggregate replacement levels, although both the inclination of the punching failure surface as well as punching capacities increased with fibre dosage. Relatively, the best performance improvement was obtained at 0.4% fibre dosage wherein the punching capacities and energy absorption increased by 23% and 70%, respectively, as compared to the non-fibrous concrete specimens. Using the experimental results, the authors propose and calibrate a simple strut-and-tie based punching shear predictive model for SFRAC, and undertake a validation using the limited results available in the literature. Among the selected current design codes under appraisal, the most conservative punching shear predictions for the SFRAC specimens were obtained from the Indian code, IS456:2000, whereas relatively more accurate predictions were obtained from the Eurocode 2.
Assessment of Ambient Particulate Matter Concentrations- PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 at Rinchending in Phuentsholing, Bhutan
Authors: Humagai Bharat Kumar , Adhikari Kirtan , Pradhan Basant , Yangzom Tshering
Published: April 2022

This paper presents the analysis and interpretation of daily, monthly and seasonal cycle of 1- minute average Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) concentrations measured in Rinchending, located on the hilltop, 4 km away from Phuentsholing, the second largest city in Bhutan between the period of March 2018 to March 2019. In diurnal cycle, the highest concentrations of PM were observed between 9AM – 10 AM in the morning and 5PM-7PM in the evening corresponding to the peak traffic hours. The concentrations of PM showed highest in the post-monsoon season, corresponding to October to February in Bhutan (PM10=57.36 μg/m3, PM2.5=33.73 μg/m3 and, PM1=29.28) compared to monsoon season corresponding to June-September (PM10=22.70 μg/m3, PM2.5=15.51 μg/m3 and, PM1=11.35) and pre-monsoon season corresponding to March-May (PM10=54.9 μg/m3, PM2.5=30.58 μg/m3 and, PM1=24.36). The frequency distribution of PM10 showed that upto 25% of the time, the concentration was upto 20.8 μg/m3, 50% of the time, the concentration was upto 35.3 μg/m3 and 75% of the time, the concentration was upto 59 μg/m3.Similarly, the frequency distribution of PM2.5 showed that upto 25% of the time, the concentration was upto 13.5 μg/m3, 50% of the time, the concentration was upto 22 μg/m3 and 75% of the time, the concentration was upto 38 μg/m3.The annual mean concentrations of PM10 (45.08 μg/m3) were violating the Annual WHO ambient air quality standard (20 μg/m3). The annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 (26.83μg/m3) were also violating the Annual WHO ambient air quality standard (10 μg/m3). The wind analysis done through the wind rose diagram found a dominant south and south-west wind pattern.
Comparison of laser nephelometric and HPLC techniques for efficient determination of solubility of ibuprofen and its 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex
Authors: Ssengooba F , Marimuthu T , Olivier E , Demana P , Choonara Y
Published: April 2022

Poor drug solubility is a major problem that hinders the discovery and development of new drugs. There is a need for rapid and inexpensive techniques for acquiring reliable drug solubility data. In this study, the suitability of laser nephelometry for the determination of solubility was investigated using ibuprofen, as a model drug of low solubility, and its 2-hydroxypropyl-p-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (ic). This investigation involved the preparation of ibuprofen-ic-cyclodextrin (1:1) using coprecipitation and characterisation. Thermal analysis and assessment of molecular vibrations confirmed the existence of the inclusion complex. The shake flask testing method was employed and carried out in acidic and alkaline media, and solubility data were verified against high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results obtained via nephelometry showed relative enhanced solubility of ibuprofen in both acidic (0.565 mg ml-1) and basic (7.5 mg ml-1) media, respectively, which was enabled via inclusion complex formation. Relative to nephelometry data, HPLC results showed a similar trend with increased solubility values in acidic (0.454 mg ml-1) and basic (201.73 mg ml-1) media, respectively. The application of laser nephelometry proved to be a quick and relatively cost-effective technique for solubility measurements of the parent drug and its carrier system.