bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic stretching–electroplating metal‐coated textile for a flexible and stretchable zinc–air battery
Authors: Qu Shengxiang , Liu Jie , Han Xiaopeng , Deng Yida , Zhong Cheng , Hu Wenbin
Published: May 2022

A metal electrode is a significant component of a zinc–air battery (ZAB), but the metal material is usually not elastic, which severely restricts the application of flexible and stretchable ZABs in the field of wearable electronic devices. Herein, we report a flexible and stretchable metal‐coated textile prepared by a dynamic stretching–electroplating based on a wavy spandex textile substrate. Benefiting from the unique woven and wavy structure, the metal‐coated textile shows a high stretchability of 100% and stable conductivity. In situ scanning electron microscope observation during stretching showed that the tensile strain of the metal‐coated textile is mainly attributed to the deformation of the microfiber network at the bottom position of the wave structure. In addition, a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose–polyacrylic acid–potassium hydroxide composite hydrogel has been used as the electrolyte. This hydrogel shows excellent ionic conductivity, mechanical properties, and water retention properties, which makes it suitable for the semi‐open system of ZAB. Furthermore, a flexible and stretchable sandwich‐structure ZAB, assembled using the above‐mentioned electrodes and electrolyte, operates stably even under rapid stretching/releasing cycle deformation. Because of its facile preparation and low cost, this flexible and stretchable ZAB is suitable for fabrication of large‐area batteries to obtain higher output current and power to drive wearable electronic devices.
Layer‐specific fiber distribution in arterial tissue modeled as a constrained mixture
Authors: Vander Linden Klaas , Ghasemi Milad , Maes Lauranne , Vastmans Julie , Famaey Nele
Published: May 2022

Collagen fibers and their orientation greatly influence an artery's mechanical characteristics, determining its transversely isotropic behavior. It is generally assumed that these fibers are deposited along a preferred direction to maximize the load bearing capacity of the vessel wall. This implies a large spatial variation in collagen orientation which can be reconstructed in numerical models using so‐called reorientation algorithms. Until now, these algorithms have used the classical continuum mechanics modeling framework which requires knowledge of tissue‐level parameters and the artery's stress‐free reference state, which is inaccessible in a clinical context. We present an algorithm to compute the preferred fiber distribution compatible with the constrained mixture theory, which orients two collagen fiber families according to the loading experienced by the isotropic non‐collagenous extracellular matrix, without requiring prior knowledge of the stress‐free state. Because consensus is lacking whether stress or stretch is the determining factor behind the preferred fiber distribution, we implemented both approaches and compared the results with experimental microstructural data of an abdominal aorta. The stress‐based algorithm was able to describe several experimentally observed transitions of the fiber distribution across the intima, media and adventitia.
A non‐isolated high step up interleaved boost converter with coupled inductors
Authors: Sudarsan Reddy Duttaluri Venkata , Thangavel Subbaiyan
Published: May 2022

In this article, a high step‐up interleaved boost converter topology is proposed for renewable energy applications. The proposed converter utilizes two‐phase interleaved configuration, to increase the power capability of converter while reducing the input current ripples. The output side formation enhances the voltage gain with the help of coupled inductors. It produces high voltage conversion ratio with least voltage stress on the switches. The switches are relieved from the voltage spikes by reclaim the energy leakage of the coupled inductors, which minimizes reverse recovery problem in diodes. The conduction losses of the switches are reduced due to small on state resistance. Finally, a prototype of 200 W proposed converter is developed in the laboratory to verify the both theoretical analysis and simulation results.
Bio‐marker detection redundancy improves sensitivity
Authors: Clanchy Felix IL
Published: May 2022

Liquid biopsy for biomarker detection has the potential to revolutionise the management of cancer by reducing the time that tumours grow and metastasize undetected and untreated. As a relatively less invasive test, the frequency of testing is constrained more by the cost and ease of analysis, which are connected to the specificity and sensitivity of the method of detection. A recent study by Zhao et al. in Clinical and Translational Medicine indicates that multiple forms of detection from the liquid biopsy sample may improve sensitivity and demonstrates that seemingly incremental advances in clinical practice can significantly impact patient outcomes.
Estimating herbaceous aboveground biomass in Sahelian rangelands using Structure from Motion data collected on the ground and by UAV
Authors: Taugourdeau Simon , Diedhiou Antoine , Fassinou Cofélas , Bossoukpe Marina , Diatta Ousmane , N’Goran Ange , Auderbert Alain , Ndiaye Ousmane , Diouf Abdoul Aziz , Tagesson Torbern , Fensholt Rasmus , Faye Emile
Published: May 2022

Herbaceous aboveground biomass (HAB) is a key indicator of grassland vegetation and indirect estimation tools, such as remote sensing imagery, increase the potential for covering larger areas in a timely and cost‐efficient way. Structure from Motion (SfM) is an image analysis process that can create a variety of 3D spatial models as well as 2D orthomosaics from a set of images. Computed from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and ground camera measurements, the SfM potential to estimate the herbaceous aboveground biomass in Sahelian rangelands was tested in this study. Both UAV and ground camera recordings were used at three different scales: temporal, landscape, and national (across Senegal). All images were processed using PIX4D software (photogrammetry software) and were used to extract vegetation indices and heights. A random forest algorithm was used to estimate the HAB and the average estimation errors were around 150 g m−² for fresh mass (20% relative error) and 60 g m−² for dry mass (around 25% error). A comparison between different datasets revealed that the estimates based on camera data were slightly more accurate than those from UAV data. It was also found that combining datasets across scales for the same type of tool (UAV or camera) could be a useful option for monitoring HAB in Sahelian rangelands or in other grassy ecosystems.
Prevalence and risk factors of fractures in transfusion dependent thalassemia – A Hong Kong Chinese population cohort
Authors: Lee Samantha Lai Ka , Wong Raymond Siu Ming , Li Chi Kong , Leung Wing Kwan
Published: May 2022

Objective

To delineate the prevalence and associated risk factors of low BMD, osteoporosis/bone fragility and fracture in transfusion‐dependent thalassemia (TDT) in the Chinese population in Hong Kong.

Design, Patients and Measurements

A retrospective cohort study design was employed. Patients of TDT who had serial Hologic dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) from 2010 to 2016 and received regular transfusion for at least 5 years were recruited. Clinical and biochemical data, from 5 years before the first DXA scan, were retrieved from the electronic record system of the Hospital Authority, till 30 June 2020. Low bone mineral density and osteoporosis/bone fragility are defined by the ISCD 2019 position guidelines.

Results

Seventy‐seven patients were included in the analysis. The fracture prevalence of TDT among the Chinese population in Hong Kong was 15.58%. Up to 55.84% of patients had low bone mineral density, and 5.19% patients had osteoporosis/bone fragility state. The median age at first fracture was 31.73 years (range 24.06–44.18 years). In the regression analysis, a higher log(10) transformation of average ferritin levels over 5 years before the first DXA scan was significantly associated with fracture occurrence regardless of bisphosphonate treatment (OR 310.73, 95% CI 3.99–24183.89, p = .010). Mean average ferritin level over 5 years was 6695.5 ± 2365.7 pmol/L (fracture group) versus 4350.7 ± 3103.2 pmol/L (non‐fracture group), p = .016. Hip and spine BMD Z‐score did not have statistically significant association with fracture occurrence.

Conclusion

Iron overloading plays an important role in adverse bone health in TDT. Dual X‐ray densitometry is insufficient in predicting fracture risk.
The effect of cardiac resynchronization without a defibrillator on morbidity and mortality: an individual patient data meta‐analysis of COMPANION and CARE‐HF
Authors: Cleland John G.F. , Bristow Michael R. , Freemantle Nicholas , Olshansky Brian , Gras Daniel , Saxon Leslie , Tavazzi Luigi , Boehmer John , Ghio Stefano , Feldman Arthur M. , Daubert Jean‐Claude , de Mets David
Published: May 2022

Aims

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) reduces morbidity and mortality for patients with heart failure, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, QRS duration >130 ms and in sinus rhythm. The aim of this study was to identify patient characteristics that predict the effect, specifically, of CRT pacemakers (CRT‐P) on all‐cause mortality or the composite of hospitalization for heart failure or all‐cause mortality.

Methods and results

We conducted an individual patient data meta‐analysis of the Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing, and Defibrillation in Heart Failure (COMPANION) and Cardiac Resynchronization‐Heart Failure (CARE‐HF) trials. Only patients assigned to CRT‐P or control (n = 1738) were included in order to avoid confounding from concomitant defibrillator therapy. The influence of baseline characteristics on treatment effects was investigated. Median age was 67 (59–73) years, most patients were men (70%), 68% had a QRS duration of 150–199 ms and 80% had left bundle branch block. Patients assigned to CRT‐P had lower rates for all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.81; p < 0.0001) and the composite outcome (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.58–0.78; p < 0.0001). No pre‐specified characteristic, including sex, aetiology of ventricular dysfunction, QRS duration (within the studied range) or morphology or PR interval significantly influenced the effect of CRT‐P on all‐cause mortality or the composite outcome. However, CRT‐P had a greater effect on the composite outcome for patients with lower body surface area and those prescribed beta‐blockers.

Conclusions

Cardiac resynchronization therapy‐pacemaker reduces morbidity and mortality in appropriately selected patients with heart failure. Benefits may be greater in smaller patients and in those receiving beta‐blockers. Neither QRS duration nor morphology independently predicted the benefit of CRT‐P.

Clinical Trial Registration: COMPANION, NCT00180258; CARE‐HF, NCT00170300.
Assessing the growth kinetics and stoichiometry of Escherichia coli at the single‐cell level
Authors: Smaluch Katharina , Wollenhaupt Bastian , Steinhoff Heiko , Kohlheyer Dietrich , Grünberger Alexander , Dusny Christian
Published: May 2022

Microfluidic cultivation and single‐cell analysis are inherent parts of modern microbial biotechnology and microbiology. However, implementing biochemical engineering principles based on the kinetics and stoichiometry of growth in microscopic spaces remained unattained. We here present a novel integrated framework that utilizes distinct microfluidic cultivation technologies and single‐cell analytics to make the fundamental math of process‐oriented biochemical engineering applicable at the single‐cell level. A combination of non‐invasive optical cell mass determination with sub‐pg sensitivity, microfluidic perfusion cultivations for establishing physiological steady‐states, and picoliter batch reactors, enabled the quantification of all physiological parameters relevant to approximate a material balance in microfluidic reaction environments. We determined state variables (biomass concentration based on single‐cell dry weight and mass density), biomass synthesis rates, and substrate affinities of cells grown in microfluidic environments. Based on this data, we mathematically derived the specific kinetics of substrate uptake and growth stoichiometry in glucose‐grown Escherichia coli with single‐cell resolution. This framework may initiate microscale material balancing beyond the averaged values obtained from populations as a basis for integrating heterogeneous kinetic and stoichiometric single‐cell data into generalized bioprocess models and descriptions.
Safety of Japanese herbal Kampo medicines for the treatment of depression during pregnancy
Authors: Michihata Nobuaki , Shigemi Daisuke , Yamana Hayato , Matsui Hiroki , Jo Taisuke , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: May 2022

Objective

To clarify the fetal safety of herbal Kampo medicines, including Hange‐koboku‐to, Koso‐san, Nyoshin‐san, Yokukansan, Yokukansan‐kachinpi‐hange, Saiko‐keishikankyo‐to, Keishi‐karyukotu‐borei‐to, and Kanbaku‐taisou‐to, when administered to pregnant women with depression using a large healthcare administrative database.

Methods

We extracted data from the JMDC Claims Database (2005–2018) for this retrospective cohort study of pregnant women aged 19 years or older admitted to obstetric clinics or hospitals for delivery. Participants were classified into four groups: those without depression, those diagnosed with depression without medication, those given Kampo medicines for depression, and those given western medicines for depression. Neonatal outcomes (congenital anomalies, low birth weight, and preterm birth) were considered as the safety outcome measures.

Results

We identified 179 707 eligible mothers. The adverse outcomes did not differ significantly between participants receiving Kampo medicine and those not diagnosed with depression during pregnancy. The proportion of low‐birth‐weight neonates did not differ significantly between the Kampo medicine and non‐depression groups (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86–1.91), but was significantly higher in the unmedicated depression group (aOR 1.31; 95% CI 1.07–1.61) and western medicine group (aOR 1.47; 95% CI 1.18–1.83).

Conclusion

Kampo medicines are safe for treating depression during pregnancy without increasing the incidence of congenital anomalies, low birth weight, or preterm birth.
Learning curve analysis of transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic hysterectomy combined under the standard operating procedure
Authors: Huang Liqiong , He Li , Huang Lu , Gan Xiaoqin , Lin Yonghong , Xiong Zheng'ai
Published: May 2022

Objective

To investigate the learning curve of transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic hysterectomy (tVNOTEH) when using a standard operating procedure (SOP).

Methods

Seventy‐nine patients were treated with tVNOTEH by a single surgeon. The SOP for tVNOTEH was created after the first eight cases. Patients' perioperative data were retrospectively reviewed. Operative time (OT) was regarded as a replaceable marker for surgical competency. The learning curve was drawn using the cumulative sum method.

Results

All patients completed surgeries without switching to other surgical paths. The overall mean OT was 90.23 ± 29.85 min. Four unique phases of the learning curve were identified: phase I (the exploring stage over eight cases), phase II (after adopting the SOP, acquirement of competence over 20 cases), phase III (post‐learning of 19 cases, in which more difficult cases were introduced), phase IV (more adept at tVNOTEH), with OT 113.75 ± 43.07 min, 82.50 ± 25.88 min, 101.05 ± 27.83 min, 82.75 ± 25.53 min, respectively. No significant differences were found apart from OT, uterine size, and disease types.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrated four distinct phases of the learning curve of tVNOTEH. For an experienced surgeon, surgical competence in tVNOTEH can be grasped after eight cases. With SOP, surgical competence could be rapidly acquired.
Performing bronchoalveolar lavage in horses in the field
Authors: Dixon Claire
Published: May 2022

Background: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is the main diagnostic technique used for the confirmation of equine asthma. Use of the tracheal wash (TW) has been deemed insufficient to diagnose equine asthma or investigate poor performance, yet as TW is the easier sample to obtain it may be tempting to attempt this instead.

Aim of the article: This update article provides a step‐by‐step guide to performing a BAL in the field, with the hope of encouraging more first‐opinion equine vets to use this sampling technique.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in nonalcoholic (metabolic associated) fatty liver disease (NAFLD/MAFLD)
Authors: Flessa Christina‐Maria , Kyrou Ioannis , Nasiri‐Ansari Narjes , Kaltsas Gregory , Kassi Eva , Randeva Harpal S.
Published: May 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption and is strongly associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and other metabolic syndrome features. NAFLD is becoming increasingly prevalent and currently constitutes the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, the term metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed reflecting more accurately the underlying pathogenesis and the cardiometabolic disorders associated to NAFLD/MAFLD. Given the vital metabolic functions of the liver to maintain the body homeostasis, an extended endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network is mandatory in hepatocytes to retain its capacity to adapt to the multiple extracellular and intracellular signals mediating metabolic changes. Dysfunction of hepatocyte ER homeostasis and disturbance of its interaction with mitochondria have been recognized to be involved in the NAFLD pathophysiology. Apart from hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and Kupffer cells have been shown to play an important role in the occurrence of NAFLD and progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with possibly different roles in the different stages of the NAFLD spectrum. Furthermore, excess lipid accumulation in the liver causes lipotoxicity which interacts with ER stress and culminates in inflammation and hepatocellular damage, mechanisms crucially implicated in NASH pathogenesis. Finally, the circadian clock machinery regulates ER stress‐related pathways and vice versa, thus controlling the homeostasis of the liver metabolism and being implicated in the NAFLD progression. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge supporting the impact of ER stress signaling on NAFLD, whilst summarizing potential therapeutic interventions targeting this process.
Differential effects of 5‐fluorouracil and oxaliplatin on autophagy in chemoresistant colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Zitkute Vilmante , Kukcinaviciute Egle , Jonusiene Violeta , Starkuviene Vytaute , Sasnauskiene Ausra
Published: May 2022

Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is one of the adaptive pathways that contribute to cancer cell chemoresistance. Despite the fact that autophagy can both promote and inhibit cell death, there is mounting evidence that in the context of anticancer treatment, it predominantly functions as a cell survival mechanism. Therefore, silencing of key autophagy genes emerges as a potent strategy to reduce chemoresistance. Though the importance of autophagy in chemoresistance is established, the changes in autophagy in the case of acquired chemoresistance are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the changes of autophagy in the cellular model of acquired chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW620, induced by 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) or oxaliplatin (OxaPt) treatment, and determine the susceptible factors for autophagy inhibition. Our results demonstrate that in the context of autophagy, 5‐FU and OxaPt have different effects on HCT116 and SW620 cell lines and their chemoresistant sublines. 5‐FU inhibits autophagic flux, while changes in the flux after OxaPt treatment are cell type‐ and dose‐dependent, inducing autophagy reduction or increase. The chemoresistant subline of HCT116 cells derived by OxaPt differs from the subline derived by 5‐FU treatment – it responds to OxaPt by upregulating ATG7 protein level and autophagic flux, in contrast to downregulation in cells derived by 5‐FU. Moreover, 5‐FU and OxaPt treatments significantly modulate protein levels of core‐autophagy proteins ATG7 and ATG12. The potential effects of 5‐FU and OxaPt on ATG protein levels should be taken into account to reduce chemoresistance by applying small interferingRNAs, targeting ATG proteins.
Japanese grape (Hovenia dulcis) powder as an antioxidant agent in Bologna sausages
Authors: Schaefer Sabrina Vicentini , do Amaral Adrieli Maiandra Piccinin , Cherobin Ana Karolina , Monteiro Larissa Karla , Morandin Gisiéli Carla , Fischer Carolina , Cavalheiro Darlene , Sehn Georgia Ane Raquel
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

The Japanese grape (Hovenia dulcis Thunberg) has potential as an antioxidant due to its high content of phenolic compounds in the early maturation stages. In this study, the antioxidant sodium erythorbate (CONTROL) was replaced by Japanese grape pseudofruits dehydrated by freeze‐drying (FDP) and oven drying (OP), in Bologna sausages. The commercial natural antioxidant licresse (LS), based on licorice, has also been studied.

RESULTS

No significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed for the proximate composition and the texture profile of the Bologna sausages. An increase in pH was observed during storage for all formulations. At 28 days, the treatments FDP and OP were darker (lower L* values) and less red (lower a* values), possibly due to the presence of tannins in these samples, which may have bound with the iron present in myoglobin and minimized the oxidation reactions. The use of different antioxidants affected the nitrite contents of the Bologna sausages during storage. Regarding the lipid oxidation, the Japanese grape powder was more effective in delaying the oxidation reactions in Bologna sausages after 14 and 21 days of storage when compared to LS and the CONTROL, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The Japanese grape powders were effective in retarding the lipid oxidation of Bologna sausages, possibly due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, tannins, and ascorbic acid, showing the potential of these pseudofruits as antioxidants for use in meat products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Diet, Trimethylamine Metabolism, and Mitochondrial DNA: An Observational Study
Authors: Bordoni Laura , Malinowska Anna M. , Petracci Irene , Szwengiel Artur , Gabbianelli Rosita , Chmurzynska Agata
Published: May 2022

Scope

Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and its methylation level in the D‐loop area have been correlated with metabolic health and are suggested to vary in response to environmental stimuli, including diet. Circulating levels of trimethylamine‐n‐oxide (TMAO), which is an oxidative derivative of the trimethylamine (TMA) produced by the gut microbiome from dietary precursors, have been associated with chronic diseases and are suggested to have an impact on mitochondrial dynamics. This study is aimed to investigate the relationship between diet, TMA, TMAO, and mtDNAcn, as well as DNA methylation.

Methods and results

Two hundred subjects with extreme (healthy and unhealthy) dietary patterns are recruited. Dietary records are collected to assess their nutrient intake and diets’ quality (Healthy Eating Index). Blood levels of TMA and TMAO, circulating levels of TMA precursors and their dietary intakes are measured. MtDNAcn, nuclear DNA methylation long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE‐1), and strand‐specific D‐loop methylation levels are assessed. There is no association between dietary patterns and mtDNAcn. The TMAO/TMA ratio is negatively correlated with d‐loop methylation levels but positively with mtDNAcn.

Conclusions

These findings suggest a potential association between TMA metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics (and mtDNA), indicating a new avenue for further research.
A Collagen‐Derived Oligopeptide from Salmo salar Collagen Hydrolysates Restrains Atherogenesis in ApoE–/– Mice via Targeting P2Y12 Receptor
Authors: Yang Yijie , Liu Hui , Cui Liyuan , Liu Yibo , Fu Lulu , Li Bo
Published: May 2022

Scope

Collagen hydrolysates have been reported with a variety of biological activities. The previous study has separated and identified a series of Hyp‐Gly containing antiplatelet peptides from collagen hydrolysates from Salmo salar. But the target and underlying mechanism in platelets remains unknown.

Methods and results

In this study, peptide OGEFG (OG‐5) inhibits platelet aggregation especially induced by 2MeS‐ADP and attenuates tail thrombosis formation by 30% in a dose‐dependent manner, via apparent antagonism effects on P2Y12 receptors to regulate Gβγi‐PI3K‐Akt signaling and Gαi‐cAMP‐VASP signaling is demonstrated. The molecular docking results also reveal a strong binding energy with the P2Y12 receptor of peptide OG‐5 (−10.70 kcal mol−1). In vitro study suggests that OG‐5 inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokines in endothelial cells and macrophage cells, migration of vascular smooth muscle cell induced by ADP, which is highly released in ApoE–/– mice. Long‐term administration of OG‐5 significantly reduces atherosclerotic plaque formation without side effects in ApoE–/– mice, exhibiting a comparable effect with aspirin.

Conclusion

These results reveal that collagen hydrolysates with OG‐containing peptides have potential to be developed as an effective diet supplement to prevent the occurrence of atherogenesis and thrombotic disease.
Epigenetic lockdown of CDKN1A (p21) and CDKN2A (p16) characterises the neoplastic spindle cell component of giant cell tumours of bone
Authors: Giesche Julian , Mellert Kevin , Geißler Sven , Arndt Sophia , Seeling Carolin , von Baer Alexandra , Schultheiss Markus , Marienfeld Ralf , Möller Peter , Barth Thomas FE
Published: May 2022

Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) comprises the eponymous osteoclastic multinucleated giant cells eliciting bone lysis, an H3F3A‐mutated neoplastic mononucleated fibroblast‐like cell population, and H3F3A wild‐type mononucleated stromal cells. In this study, we characterised four new cell lines from GCTB. Furthermore, we compared the genome‐wide DNA methylation profile of 13 such tumours and three further cell lines with giant cell‐rich lesions comprising three H3F3B‐mutated chondroblastomas, three USP6‐rearranged aneurysmal bone cysts, three non‐ossifying fibromas, two hyperparathyroidism‐associated brown tumours as well as mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. In an unsupervised analysis, we delineated GCTB and chondroblastomas from the other analysed tumour entities. Using comparative methylation analysis, we demonstrated that the methylation pattern of the cell lines approximately equals that of H3F3A‐mutated stromal cells in tissue. These patterns more resemble that of osteoblasts than that of mesenchymal stem cells, which argues for the osteoblast as the cell of origin of giant cell tumours of bone. Using enrichment analysis, we detected distinct hypermethylated clusters containing histone and collagen genes as well as target genes of the tumour suppressor p53. We found that the promotor regions of CDKN1A, CDKN2A, and IGFBP3 are methylated more strongly in GCTB than in the other giant cell‐containing lesions, mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts (p < 0.001). This hypermethylation correlates with the lower gene expression at the mRNA level for these three genes in the cell lines, the lack of p16 and p21 in these cell lines, and the lower expression of p16 and p21 in GCTB. Overall, our analysis reveals characteristic DNA methylation patterns of giant cell tumours of bone and chondroblastomas and shows that cell lines of giant cell tumours of bone are a valid model for further analysis of H3F3A‐mutated tumour cells. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Systematical characterization and comparison of saponins in Achyranthes bidentata Blume and its three analogous species
Authors: Wang Yingying , Yao Changliang , Wang Mengyuan , Li Jiayuan , Li Zhenwei , Zhang Jianqing , Wei Wenlong , Bi Qirui , Guo De‐an
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Achyranthes bidentata Blume (AB) has been used for a long time and is recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition. It is commonly confused with Achyranthes aspera Linn (AA), Cyathula officinalis Kuan (CO) and Cyathula capitata (Wall.) Moq. (CC), belonging to the Achyranthes and Cyathula genera of the Amaranthaceae family. It is of great significance to recognize and distinguish chemical components of AB, AA, CO and CC.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to develop an analytical method for in‐depth characterization and comparison of saponins in AB, AA, CO and CC.

Methods

The extracts of AB, AA, CO and CC were analyzed by an RP × RP (C18 × Phenyl‐Hexyl) 2D LC system, eluted by acidic × ion pair mobile phases and detected by high resolution mass spectrometry. Fragmentation patterns of saponins were elucidated and proposed according to reference compounds or literature reports.

Results

As a result, 839 saponins consisting of 81, 415, 99 and 392 components corresponding to AB, AA, CO and CC, respectively, were characterized, including 594 potentially new saponins. Meanwhile, 29 kinds of aglycones were elucidated, among which 25 were new ones. Besides, 14, 91, 37 and 174 characteristic potential quality markers with MS intensities exceeding 10,000 were found in AB, AA, CO and CC, respectively.

Conclusion

This comprehensive study not only expands our knowledge of the types of saponins in Achyranthes and Cyathula, but also reveals the differences among four kinds of analogous herbs (AB, AA, CO and CC), which facilitates the quality control of these herbal medicines in the future.
Large‐scale evaluation of physical drift and volatility of 2,4‐D choline in cotton: a four‐year field study
Authors: Hwang Jeong‐In , Norsworthy Jason K , Houston Michael M , Piveta Leonard B , Priess Grant L , Zaccaro‐Gruener Maria L , Barber L Tom , Butts Thomas R
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Cotton with resistance to 2,4‐d choline, glufosinate and glyphosate allows over‐the‐top use of these herbicides for postemergence weed control. Nontransgenic cotton is highly responsive to low rates of 2,4‐d, causing concern among farmers when the herbicide is applied near the crop. Injury to nearby cotton following application of 2,4‐d choline is sometimes blamed on volatilization of the herbicide.

RESULTS

A large‐scale experiment was conducted in 2018–2021 to better understand causes of damage to nearby sensitive cotton following an application of 2,4‐d choline plus glufosinate‐ammonium. The herbicides were applied to 0.4 ha in the center of a 4‐ha non‐Enlist cotton field. At 30 min after application, air samplers were established in the treated center and outside the treated area in cardinal directions. The 72‐h cumulative air concentration of 2,4‐d in the swath ranged from 3.3 to 7.1 ng m−3, and most volatile residues (5.0–25.5 ng m−3) were detected in samplers established in the downwind direction directly adjacent to the treated field. Cotton plants in three downwind transects that were covered for 30 min after application were not damaged by 2,4‐d, whereas noncovered plants along the downwind transects were injured. No cotton injury occurred outside the treated area, except in the downwind direction during application even though wind direction changed after application.

CONCLUSION

2,4‐d choline volatilizes, but findings show that the volatilization is not sufficient to damage cotton in the neighboring area following applications, pointing to the importance of applicators understanding wind direction/shift during the application along with proximity of sensitive crops in the downwind direction. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Designing a Novel Electrolyte Na3.2Hf2Si2.2P0.8O11.85F0.3 for All‐Solid‐State Na‐O2 Batteries
Authors: Sun Qi , Dai Lei , Tang Yongfu , sun Jun , Meng Weidong , Luo Tingting , Wang Ling , Liu Shan
Published: May 2022

Sodium‐air battery has great development potential due to its high energy density and high safety. However, most previous works are based on liquid electrolyte or polymer electrolyte, which will inevitably result in safety hazards such as electrolyte leakage and sodium dendrite growth. Herein, an all‐solid‐state Na‐O2 battery based on a well‐designed NASICON‐type electrolyte Na3.2Hf2Si2.2P0.8O11.85F0.3, which has high ionic conductivity (2.39 × 10−3 S cm−1) and excellent chemical stability, is developed. Collaborating with the reasonable humidity of the atmosphere, the battery shows good cycle stability. This research demonstrates that NASICON‐type electrolyte Na3.2Hf2Si2.2P0.8O11.85F0.3 has good application potential for all‐solid‐state Na‐O2 batteries and lays a solid foundation on the material preparation and optimization for developing high‐energy sodium‐air batteries.
Carbon Electrode Endows High‐Efficiency Perovskite Photovoltaics Affordable, Fully Printable, and Durable
Authors: Liu Gengling , Tian Tian , Yang Jianyu , Zhong Jun-Xing , Gulamova Dilbara , Wu Wu-Qiang
Published: May 2022

Perovskite photovoltaics have witnessed overwhelming success over the past decade. Carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs), using carbon materials as electrodes, make the perovskite photovoltaics more attractive than ever. Since its first launch in 2013, the development of state‐of‐the‐art C‐PSCs has made remarkable achievements in various aspects. Herein, the recent ground‐breaking advancement of C‐PSCs has been summarized, with a particular focus on highlighting the unique advantages of carbon electrodes that enable perovskite photovoltaics affordable, fully printable, and durable. Limitations and challenges associated with C‐PSCs are discussed. An insightful perspective regarding future research directions is provided, revolutionizing the pathway toward new‐generation photovoltaics and optoelectronics.
Chemical Properties of Composite Flat Bread and their Impact on the Glycemic Index and Digestibility Rates as Well as a Quality Assessment of Composite Flour during Storage
Authors: Jordge Jamiul Haque , Rahaman Mafizur , Rahman Md. Atikur , Kanan Kawser Alam , Akter Mst. Sorifa , Mozumder N. H. M. Rubel , Ahmed Maruf
Published: May 2022

The study investigates the impact of partial substitution of whole wheat flour with legumes, roots, and cereal flour on the physicochemical and nutritional properties of composite flour and flat bread. The flat bread is prepared using whole wheat flour with chickpea flour, sweet potato flour, maize flour, soy flour, and cassava flour respectively in the following ratio of 100:0:0:0:0:0 (S1), 45:25:20:5: 5:0 (S2), and 40:25:20:5:5:5 (S3). The glycemic index (GI), digestion rates, glycemic load, and sensory evaluation of flat bread are also estimated. The findings show that fat content (5.45%–5.52%), fiber content (5.12%–5.21%), and carotenoid content (9.81–10.50 µg g−1) are significantly higher in composite flour and flat bread (S2 and S3), respectively, compared to control flour (S1) and control flat bread (S1). Composite flours have nonsignificant difference in physicochemical and nutritional properties during storage. Both the composite flat breads (S2 and S3) display a significantly lower glycemic response than the whole wheat flat bread (S1). Panelists accept sensory attributes of composite flat breads. This research indicates that the composite flat bread (S2) has 30.92% lower GI than whole wheat flat bread (49.06%), which could assist in the management of diabetes.
Nonlinear large deformation problem of rectangular thin plates and its perturbation solution under cylindrical bending: Transform from plate/membrane to beam/cable
Authors: He Xiao‐Ting , Ai Jie‐Chuan , Li Zheng‐Ying , Peng Dan‐Dan , Sun Jun‐Yi
Published: May 2022

The Föppl‐von Kármán equations describing deformation of flexible thin plates are established on the basis of moderately large‐deflection and small rotation angle. For many years, the equations have been regarded as a classical and effective model used for the analysis of flexible thin plate problems, and at the same time, this model has also been constantly evolving and improving. The improvements for the model, however, come mainly from properties of materials perspective, but seldom from the deformation of plate perspective. In this study, we revisit Föppl‐von Kármán equations from the viewpoint of deformation concerning rotation angle. A new form for the classical equations without a small‐rotation‐angle assumption is derived, for the first time, by giving up the basic assumption that the sine function of the rotation angle equals to the first‐order derivative of the corresponding displacement, thus improving the governing equations while enhancing the nonlinearity. The abandonment of the small‐rotation‐angle assumption reveals such a fact that the second‐order derivative of displacement in classical equations originates from the curvature and twist of plates. Due to the complexity of the equations derived, its perturbation solution is obtained under cylindrical bending with two opposites fully fixed. Results indicate that via cylindrical bending, a two‐dimensional plate or membrane problem is easily associated with a one‐dimensional beam or cable problem. Results also show that the abandonment of the small‐rotation‐angle assumption will contribute to the free development of the deflection curve rotation of the plate, while at the same time, the deflection value will tend to decrease to agree with the deformation of the plate.
Zwischen Disruption und Integration: Governance von digitalen Plattformen im Personentransportsektor aus feldtheoretischer Perspektive
Authors: Pernicka Susanne , Schüßler Elke
Published: May 2022

In dem Beitrag untersuchen wir die Rekonfiguration von Personentransportmärkten mit Pkw durch digitale Plattformen im Hinblick auf die Frage, ob neue Marktakteure ihre Vorstellung zur Governance dieser Märkte durchsetzen können. Hierfür entwickeln wir einen durch Pierre Bourdieus Sozialtheorie inspirierten feldtheoretischen Zugang, der die Wechselwirkung von endogenen und exogenen Kräften bei Kämpfen um die Governance von Feldern in den Blick nimmt. Empirisch führen wir einen Vergleich des Personentransportsektors mit Pkw in Wien (Österreich) und Berlin (Deutschland) durch. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in beiden Märkten keine vollständige Disruption durch neue Akteure und Technologien stattfand. Während in Österreich (Wien) Plattformen in das Taxigewerbe eingegliedert wurden, blieben die feldspezifischen Spaltungen und Grenzkonflikte zwischen Plattformen und Mietwagenunternehmen auf der einen Seite und Taxiunternehmen auf der anderen Seite in Deutschland (Berlin) allerdings aufrecht und wurden durch Plattformen noch verstärkt. Dieses Ergebnis lässt sich vor allem durch unterschiedliche Strukturen und Praktiken der interagierenden assoziativen, politisch-administrativen und rechtlichen Felder sowie durch die resultierenden Deutungskonflikte um die Funktion von digitalen Plattformen in lokalen Taximärkten und im multiskalaren Feld der Macht erklären.
Prevalence of Chronic Pelvic Pain by Sexual Orientation in a Large Cohort of Young Women in the United States
Authors: Tabaac Ariella R. , Chwa Cindy , Sutter Megan E. , Missmer Stacey A. , Boskey Elizabeth R. , Austin S. Bryn , Grimstad Frances , Charlton Brittany M.
Published: May 2022

Background

Sexual minority (lesbian, bisexual, mostly heterosexual) young women face many sexual and reproductive health disparities, but there is scant information on their experiences of chronic pelvic pain, including an absence of information on prevalence, treatment, and outcomes.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of chronic pelvic pain experiences of young women by sexual orientation identity and gender of sexual partners.

Methods

The analytical sample consisted of a nationwide sample of 6,150 U.S. young women (mean age = 23 years) from the Growing Up Today Study who completed cross-sectional questionnaires from 1996 to 2007.

Outcomes

Age-adjusted regression analyses were used to examine groups categorized by sexual orientation identity (completely heterosexual [ref.], mostly heterosexual, bisexual, lesbian) and gender of sexual partner (only men [ref.], no partners, both men, and women). We examined differences in lifetime and past-year chronic pelvic pain symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and quality of life outcomes. Sensitivity analyses also examined the role of pelvic/gynecologic exam history and hormonal contraceptive use as potential effect modifiers.

Results

Around half of all women reported ever experiencing chronic pelvic pain, among whom nearly 90% had past-year chronic pelvic pain. Compared to completely heterosexual women, there was greater risk of lifetime chronic pelvic pain among mostly heterosexual (risk ratio [RR] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–1.38), bisexual (RR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.10–1.52), and lesbian (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.00–1.52) young women. Additionally, compared to young women with only past male sexual partners, young women who had both men and women as past sexual partners were more likely to report chronic pelvic pain interfered with their social activities (b = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.25–1.02), work/school (b = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.17–0.93), and sex (b = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.05–1.00).

Clinical Implications

Healthcare providers, medical education, and field-wide standards of care should be attentive to the way sexual orientation-based healthcare disparities can manifest into differential prognosis and quality of life outcomes for women with chronic pelvic pain (particularly bisexual women).

Strengths & Limitations

Our study is the first to examine a variety of chronic pelvic pain outcomes in a nationwide U.S. sample across different outcomes (ie, past-year and lifetime). Though limited by sample homogeneity in terms of age, race, ethnicity, and gender, findings from this article provide foundational insights about chronic pelvic pain experiences of sexual minority young women.

Conclusion

Our key finding is that sexual minority women were commonly affected by chronic pelvic pain, and bisexual women face pain-related quality of life disparities.
Archaeological Survey Supported by Mobile GIS
Authors: Fábrega-Álvarez Pastor , Lynch Julieta
Published: May 2022

In recent years, digital technologies applied to archaeology have led to considerable changes in fieldwork. However, the use of mobile GIS for fieldwork has not been widespread, especially in countries where GIS is not yet entrenched within the field of archaeology. Over the last decade, the technological context associated with mobile GIS has changed. In this text, these changes are discussed based on a case study developed in Catamarca (Argentina), in which the possibilities of a more generalized use of mobile GIS—based on free, open, and available resources (software, data, devices)–are discussed. This article assesses the main problems faced and describes the basic steps taken to implement a field recording system based on mobile GIS.
YouTube as Historical Process
Authors: Emmitt Joshua
Published: May 2022

Overview

YouTube is now a common public face for archaeology and history. Professionals and amateurs alike make videos, whether it be for monetary gain, outreach, or a combination of the two. The YouTube channel Ghost Town Living is no exception. It features the town's current owner, Brent Underwood, modifying the “abandoned” mining town of Cerro Gordo into a tourist destination. During this process, as is documented in his videos, it becomes clear that Underwood is not only conserving the town but also transforming it into an amalgam of California's mining history. In doing so and by presenting it on YouTube, Underwood is sharing the heritage of Cerro Gordo with the public. Although Underwood is not an archaeologist and is not pretending to be one, some of the methods employed are far from “best practice.” Despite this, I argue that perhaps the overall goals and processes of Underwood should be encouraged to some degree, and in this case, that they do more good than harm for the “preservation” of Cerro Gordo.
Unprecedented levels of ultrafine particles, major sources, and the hydrological cycle
Authors: Junkermann Wolfgang , Hacker Jorg
Published: May 2022

Ultrafine particles (UFP) acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are the driving force behind changing rainfall patterns. Recently observed weather extremes like floods and drought might be due to changing anthropogenic UFP emissions. However, the sources and budgets of anthropogenic primary and secondary particles are not well known. Based on airborne measurements we identified as a major contribution modern fossil fuel flue gas cleaning techniques to cause a doubling of global primary UFP number emissions. The subsequent enhancement of CCN numbers has several side effects. It’s changing the size of the cloud droplets and delays raindrop formation, suppressing certain types of rainfall and increasing the residence time of water vapour in the atmosphere. This additional latent energy reservoir is directly available for invigoration of rainfall extremes. Additionally it’s a further contribution to the column density of water vapour as a greenhouse gas and important for the infrared radiation budget. The localized but ubiquitous fossil fuel related UFP emissions and their role in the hydrological cycle, may thus contribute to regional or continental climate trends, such as increasing drought and flooding, observed within recent decades.
Co(NO3)2/covalent organic framework nanoparticles for high-efficiency photocatalytic oxidation of thioanisole
Authors: Xu Mingzhao , Zhang Jianling , Liu Lifei , Cheng Xiuyan , Hu Jingyang , Sha Yufei , Su Zhuizhui , Wang Yanyue
Published: May 2022

Co(NO3)2/covalent organic framework nanoparticles exhibit high activity and selectivity for the photo-oxidation of thioanisole at room temperature and under an air atmosphere.
Supramolecular isomorphic dodecanuclear cobalt clusters with the same metal shell but different core ligands
Authors: Liang Xiao-Wen , Zhang Lin-Lin , Zhang Ting , Zhao Jiong-Peng , Liu Fu-Chen
Published: May 2022

In 1 and 2 two pirate hat-like hexanuclear Co6(NO3)(L)3 units formed the same metal shells (with the same spatial location), but the ligands as the core bridged between the hexanuclear units were distinct.
Design and modelling of a new three winding coupled inductor based high step‐up DC–DC converter for renewable energy applications
Authors: Hashemzadeh Seyed Majid , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Babaei Ebrahim , Sabahi Mehran
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes a new three winding coupled inductor (TWCI) based DC–DC converter with high voltage gain capability. Continuous input current with low ripple, low number of components, simple structure, high efficiency, and common ground between input and output ports make it suitable for renewable energy applications such as photovoltaic (PV) systems. Voltage multiplier cells (VMCs) are utilized to enhance the output voltage and reduce the voltage stress across the power switch. The voltage gain can be adjusted by the duty cycle of the power switch and turns ratio of the TWCI. Thus, a flexible voltage gain is obtained, and there is no need for a higher duty cycle. On the other hand, the proposed converter has only one power switch with reduced voltage stress and low ON‐state resistance. Therefore, a low‐rated power switch can be used, which decreases the cost and volume of the presented converter. Operation principles, steady‐state analysis, and comparison with other similar structures are provided. To frequency behaviour investigation, modelling and dynamic analysis are presented. Additionally, the effect of the proposed converter's parameters on the frequency response is evaluated. Finally, experimental results are presented to prove the effectiveness of the suggested converter.