bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of genomic polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism pathways on survival of gastric cancer patients received fluorouracil-based adjuvant therapy
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Xu Zhi , Gu Dongying , Wu Peng , Huo Xinying , Wei Xiaowei , Tang Yongfei , Gong Weida , He Ming-Liang , Chen Jinfei
Published: July 2016

5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used to treat patients with gastric cancer (GC). However, the response rate is quite heterogeneous. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their interactions of genes in the one-carbon metabolism (OCM) pathway, including Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), Methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), Methionine synthase (MTR), and Thymidylate synthase (TS), significantly affect 5-FU metabolism. In this study, 650 stage II-III patients were recruited from 1998 to 2006. Among them, 251 received 5-FU treatment and other 399 patients were untreated. The Cox regression analysis, log-rank tests and Kaplan–Meier plots were adopted. In the chemotherapy cohort, MTRR 66 GA + GG genotypes decreased death risk, however, the protect effect of MTRR 66 GA + GG disappeared when GC patients simultaneously had MTHFR 677TT + TC or MTR 2756GG + GA genotypes. TS 5′-UTR 2R3R + 3R3R genotypes also prolonged overall survival of patients treated with 5-FU. And this favorable prognosis obviously enhanced when GC patients simultaneously had TS 3′-UTR DD + DI and TS 5′-UTR 2R3R + 3R3R genotypes. Our findings showed that the polymorphisms of MTRR 66 A > G and TS 5′-UTR 3R > 2R may be potential prognostic factors for GC patients receiving 5-FU.
Translocation of the ABC transporter ABCD4 from the endoplasmic reticulum to lysosomes requires the escort protein LMBD1
Authors: Kawaguchi Kosuke , Okamoto Takumi , Morita Masashi , Imanaka Tsuneo
Published: July 2016

We previously demonstrated that ABCD4 does not localize to peroxisomes but rather, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), because it lacks the NH2-terminal hydrophilic region required for peroxisomal targeting. It was recently reported that mutations in ABCD4 result in a failure to release vitamin B12 from lysosomes. A similar phenotype is caused by mutations in LMBRD1, which encodes the lysosomal membrane protein LMBD1. These findings suggested to us that ABCD4 translocated from the ER to lysosomes in association with LMBD1. In this report, it is demonstrated that ABCD4 interacts with LMBD1 and then localizes to lysosomes and this translocation depends on the lysosomal targeting ability of LMBD1. Furthermore, endogenous ABCD4 was localized to both lysosomes and the ER and its lysosomal localization was disturbed by knockout of LMBRD1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that the subcellular localization of the ABC transporter is determined by its association with an adaptor protein.
Reversible “triple-Q” elastic field structures in a chiral magnet
Authors: Hu Yangfan , Wang Biao
Published: July 2016

The analytical solution of the periodic elastic fields in chiral magnets caused by presence of periodically distributed eigenstrains is obtained. For the skyrmion phase, both the periodic displacement field and the stress field are composed of three “triple-Q” structures with different wave numbers. The periodic displacement field, obtained by combining the three “triple-Q” displacement structures, is found to have the same lattice vectors with the magnetic skyrmion lattice. We find that for increasing external magnetic field, one type of “triple-Q” displacement structure and stress structure undergo a “configurational reversal”, where the initial and the final field configuration share similar pattern but with opposite direction of all the field vectors. The solution obtained is of fundamental significance for understanding the emergent mechanical properties of skyrmions in chiral magnets.
Tetrandrine identified in a small molecule screen to activate mesenchymal stem cells for enhanced immunomodulation
Authors: Yang Zijiang , Concannon John , Ng Kelvin S. , Seyb Kathleen , Mortensen Luke J. , Ranganath Sudhir , Gu Fangqi , Levy Oren , Tong Zhixiang , Martyn Keir , Zhao Weian , Lin Charles P. , Glicksman Marcie A. , Karp Jeffrey M.
Published: July 2016

Pre-treatment or priming of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) prior to transplantation can significantly augment the immunosuppressive effect of MSC-based therapies. In this study, we screened a library of 1402 FDA-approved bioactive compounds to prime MSC. We identified tetrandrine as a potential hit that activates the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a potent immunosuppressive agent, by MSC. Tetrandrine increased MSC PGE2 secretion through the NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway. When co-cultured with mouse macrophages (RAW264.7), tetrandrine-primed MSC attenuated the level of TNF-α secreted by RAW264.7. Furthermore, systemic transplantation of primed MSC into a mouse ear skin inflammation model significantly reduced the level of TNF-α in the inflamed ear, compared to unprimed cells. Screening of small molecules to pre-condition cells prior to transplantation represents a promising strategy to boost the therapeutic potential of cell therapy.
Hospitalizations from Hypertensive Diseases, Diabetes, and Arrhythmia in Relation to Low and High Temperatures: Population-Based Study
Authors: Bai Li , Li Qiongsi , Wang Jun , Lavigne Eric , Gasparrini Antonio , Copes Ray , Yagouti Abderrahmane , Burnett Richard T. , Goldberg Mark S. , Villeneuve Paul J. , Cakmak Sabit , Chen Hong
Published: July 2016

Little is known about the extent to which ambient temperatures contribute to the burden of hospitalizations from hypertensive diseases, diabetes, and arrhythmia. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a time-series study comprising entire population of Ontario, Canada during 1996–2013. A distributed lag non-linear model was developed to estimate the cumulative effect of temperatures over a 21-day lag period. We computed the burden of hospitalizations attributable to cold and heat. Furthermore, we separated the burden into components related to mild and extreme temperatures. Compared to the temperature with minimum risk of morbidity, cold temperatures (1st percentile) were associated with a 37% (95% confidence interval: 5%, 78%) increase in hypertension-related hospitalizations whereas no significant association with hot temperatures (99th percentile) was observed. Cold and hot temperatures were also associated with a 12% (1%, 24%) and a 30% (6%, 58%) increase in diabetes-related hospitalizations, respectively. Arrhythmia was not linked to temperatures. These estimates translate into ~10% of hypertension-related hospitalizations attributable to total cold, and ~9% from mild cold. Similarly, ~11% of diabetes-related hospitalizations were due to total heat, virtually all of which were from mild heat. In conclusion, ambient temperatures, especially in moderate ranges, contribute to excess hospitalizations from hypertension and diabetes.
Giant quantum Hall plateaus generated by charge transfer in epitaxial graphene
Authors: Alexander-Webber J. A. , Huang J. , Maude D. K. , Janssen T. J. B. M. , Tzalenchuk A. , Antonov V. , Yager T. , Lara-Avila S. , Kubatkin S. , Yakimova R. , Nicholas R. J.
Published: July 2016

Epitaxial graphene has proven itself to be the best candidate for quantum electrical resistance standards due to its wide quantum Hall plateaus with exceptionally high breakdown currents. However one key underlying mechanism, a magnetic field dependent charge transfer process, is yet to be fully understood. Here we report measurements of the quantum Hall effect in epitaxial graphene showing the widest quantum Hall plateau observed to date extending over 50 T, attributed to an almost linear increase in carrier density with magnetic field. This behaviour is strong evidence for field dependent charge transfer from charge reservoirs with exceptionally high densities of states in close proximity to the graphene. Using a realistic framework of broadened Landau levels we model the densities of donor states and predict the field dependence of charge transfer in excellent agreement with experimental results, thus providing a guide towards engineering epitaxial graphene for applications such as quantum metrology.
Reliability of DNA methylation measures from dried blood spots and mononuclear cells using the HumanMethylation450k BeadArray
Authors: Dugué Pierre-Antoine , English Dallas R. , MacInnis Robert J. , Jung Chol-Hee , Bassett Julie K. , FitzGerald Liesel M. , Wong Ee Ming , Joo Jihoon E. , Hopper John L. , Southey Melissa C. , Giles Graham G. , Milne Roger L.
Published: July 2016

The reliability of methylation measures from the widely used HumanMethylation450 (HM450K) microarray has not been assessed for DNA from dried blood spots (DBS) or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), nor for combined data from different studies. Repeated HM450K methylation measures in DNA from DBS and PBMC samples were available from participants in six case-control studies nested within the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Reliability was assessed for individual CpGs by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) based on technical replicates (samples repeated in a single study; 126 PBMC, 136 DBS) and study duplicates (samples repeated across studies; 280 PBMC, 769 DBS) using mixed-effects models. Reliability based on technical replicates was moderate for PBMC (median ICC = 0.42), but lower for DBS (median ICC = 0.20). Study duplicates gave lower ICCs than technical replicates. CpGs that were either highly methylated or unmethylated generally had lower ICCs, which appeared to be mostly related to their lower variability. The ICCs for global methylation measures were high, typically greater than 0.70. The reliability of methylation measures determined by the HM450K microarray is wide-ranging and depends primarily on the variability in methylation at individual CpG sites. The power of association studies is low for a substantial proportion of CpGs in the HM450K assay.
Black phosphorus: a two-dimension saturable absorption material for mid-infrared Q-switched and mode-locked fiber lasers
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Luo Hongyu , Zhai Bo , Lu Rongguo , Guo Zhinan , Zhang Han , Liu Yong
Published: July 2016

Black phosphorus (BP) as a novel class of two-dimension (2D) materials has recently attracted enormous attention as a result of its unique physical and chemical features. The remarkably strong light-matter interaction and tunable direct band-gap at a wide range make it an ideal candidate especially in the mid-infrared wavelength region as the saturable absorber (SA). In this paper, the simple and effective liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) method was used to fabricate BP. By introducing the same BP SA into two specifically designed rare earth ions doped fluoride fiber lasers at mid-infrared wavebands, Q-switching with the pulse energy of 4.93 μJ and mode-locking with the pulse duration of 8.6 ps were obtained, respectively. The operation wavelength of ~2970 nm for generated pulse is the reported longest wavelength for BP SA based fiber lasers.
PP2ACdc55’s role in reductional chromosome segregation during achiasmate meiosis in budding yeast is independent of its FEAR function
Authors: Kerr Gary W. , Wong Jin Huei , Arumugam Prakash
Published: July 2016

PP2ACdc55 is a highly conserved serine-threonine protein phosphatase that is involved in diverse cellular processes. In budding yeast, meiotic cells lacking PP2ACdc55 activity undergo a premature exit from meiosis I which results in a failure to form bipolar spindles and divide nuclei. This defect is largely due to its role in negatively regulating the Cdc Fourteen Early Anaphase Release (FEAR) pathway. PP2ACdc55 prevents nucleolar release of the Cdk (Cyclin-dependent kinase)-antagonising phosphatase Cdc14 by counteracting phosphorylation of the nucleolar protein Net1 by Cdk. CDC55 was identified in a genetic screen for monopolins performed by isolating suppressors of spo11Δ spo12Δ lethality suggesting that Cdc55 might have a role in meiotic chromosome segregation. We investigated this possibility by isolating cdc55 alleles that suppress spo11Δ spo12Δ lethality and show that this suppression is independent of PP2ACdc55’s FEAR function. Although the suppressor mutations in cdc55 affect reductional chromosome segregation in the absence of recombination, they have no effect on chromosome segregation during wild type meiosis. We suggest that Cdc55 is required for reductional chromosome segregation during achiasmate meiosis and this is independent of its FEAR function.
Local administration of siRNA through Microneedle: Optimization, Bio-distribution, Tumor Suppression and Toxicity
Authors: Tang Tao , Deng Yan , Chen Jiao , Zhao Yi , Yue Ruifeng , Choy Kwong Wai , Wang Chi Chiu , Du Quan , Xu Yan , Han Linxiao , Chung Tony Kwok Hung
Published: July 2016

Although RNA interference may become a novel therapeutic approach for cancer treatment, target-site accumulation of siRNA to achieve therapeutic dosage will be a major problem. Microneedle represents a better way to deliver siRNAs and we have evaluated for the first time the capability of a silicon microneedle array for delivery of Gapdh siRNA to the skin in vivo and the results showed that the microneedle arrays could effectively deliver siRNA to relevant regions of the skin noninvasively. For the further study in this field, we evaluated the efficacy of the injectable microneedle device for local delivery of siRNA to the mouse xenograft. The results presented here indicate that local administration of siRNA through injectable microneedle could effectively deliver siRNA into the tumor region, and inhibit tumor progression without major adverse effects.
IL-10 Promotes Neurite Outgrowth and Synapse Formation in Cultured Cortical Neurons after the Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation via JAK1/STAT3 Pathway
Authors: Chen Hongbin , Lin Wei , Zhang Yixian , Lin Longzai , Chen Jianhao , Zeng Yongping , Zheng Mouwei , Zhuang Zezhong , Du Houwei , Chen Ronghua , Liu Nan
Published: July 2016

As a classic immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10) provides neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia in vivo or oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury in vitro. However, it remains blurred whether IL-10 promotes neurite outgrowth and synapse formation in cultured primary cortical neurons after OGD injury. In order to evaluate its effect on neuronal apoptosis, neurite outgrowth and synapse formation, we administered IL-10 or IL-10 neutralizing antibody (IL-10NA) to cultured rat primary cortical neurons after OGD injury. We found that IL-10 treatment activated the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. Moreover, IL-10 attenuated OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis by down-regulating the Bax expression and up-regulating the Bcl-2 expression, facilitated neurite outgrowth by increasing the expression of Netrin-1 and promoted synapse formation in cultured primary cortical neurons after OGD injury. These effects were partly abolished by JAK1 inhibitor GLPG0634. Contrarily, IL-10NA produced opposite effects on the cultured cortical neurons after OGD injury. Taken together, our findings suggest that IL-10 not only attenuates neuronal apoptosis, but also promotes neurite outgrowth and synapse formation via the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway in cultured primary cortical neurons after OGD injury.
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in depression: Results from Animal and Clinical Studies
Authors: Jiang Haitang , Li Xiaoli , Chen Suzhen , Lu Na , Yue Yingying , Liang Jinfeng , Zhang Zhijun , Yuan Yonggui
Published: July 2016

Evidence suggests that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a stress-related factor, and serum PAI-1 levels are increased in patients with major depressive disorders (MDD). Herein, we analysed PAI-1 protein levels in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of rodents exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress or treated with escitalopram. In addition, we examined PAI-1 concentrations in serum obtained from 17 drug-free depressed patients before and after escitalopram treatment. We found that PAI-1 expression was increased in area 1 of the cingulate cortex and prelimbic cortex of the medial prefrontal cortex as well as in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 3 and dentate gyrus in stressed rats. A downregulation of PAI-1 following chronic escitalopram treatment was also found. PAI-1 levels were higher in the CSF and serum in stressed rats than in controls, although the difference did not reach statistical significance in the serum. Escitalopram treatment significantly decreased PAI-1 levels in the serum, but not in the CSF. MDD patients had significantly greater serum PAI-1 concentrations than controls. Our results suggest that PAI-1 is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression.
Resolution enhancement using plasmonic metamask for wafer-scale photolithography in the far field
Authors: Baek Seunghwa , Kang Gumin , Kang Min , Lee Chang-Won , Kim Kyoungsik
Published: July 2016

Resolution enhancement in far-field photolithography is demonstrated using a plasmonic metamask in the proximity regime, in which Fresnel diffraction is dominant. The transverse magnetic component of the diffracted wave from the photomask, which reduces the pattern visibility and lowers the resolution, was successfully controlled by coupling with the anti-symmetric mode of the excited surface plasmon. We obtained a consistently finely-patterned photoresist surface at a distance of up to 15 μm from the mask surface for 3-μm-pitch slits because of conserved field visibility when propagating from the near-field to the proximity regime. We confirmed that sharp edge patterning is indeed possible when using a wafer-scale photomask in the proximity photolithography regime. Our plasmonic metamask method produces cost savings for ultra-large-scale high-density display fabrication by maintaining longer photomask lifetimes and by allowing sufficient tolerance for the distance between the photomask and the photoresist.
Scattering effect of the high-index dielectric nanospheres for high performance hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film solar cells
Authors: Yang Zhenhai , Gao Pingqi , Zhang Cheng , Li Xiaofeng , Ye Jichun
Published: July 2016

Dielectric nanosphere arrays are considered as promising light-trapping designs with the capability of transforming the freely propagated sunlight into guided modes. This kinds of designs are especially beneficial to the ultrathin hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells due to the advantages of using lossless material and easily scalable assembly. In this paper, we demonstrate numerically that the front-sided integration of high-index subwavelength titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanosphere arrays can significantly enhance the light absorption in 100 nm-thick a-Si:H thin films and thus the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of related solar cells. The main reason behind is firmly attributed to the strong scattering effect excited by TiO2 nanospheres in the whole waveband, which contributes to coupling the light into a-Si:H layer via two typical ways: 1) in the short-waveband, the forward scattering of TiO2 nanospheres excite the Mie resonance, which focuses the light into the surface of the a-Si:H layer and thus provides a leaky channel; 2) in the long-waveband, the transverse waveguided modes caused by powerful scattering effectively couple the light into almost the whole active layer. Moreover, the finite-element simulations demonstrate that photocurrent density (Jph) can be up to 15.01 mA/cm2, which is 48.76% higher than that of flat system.
Full characterization and cytotoxic activity of new silver(i) and copper(i) helicates with quaterpyridine
Authors: Adamski Ariel , Fik Marta A. , Kubicki Maciej , Hnatejko Zbigniew , Gurda Dorota , Fedoruk-Wyszomirska Agnieszka , Wyszko Eliza , Kruszka Dariusz , Dutkiewicz Zbigniew , Patroniak Violetta
Published: July 2016

DNA binding and cells' cycle disorders caused by four new dinuclear Ag(i) and Cu(i) double helicates with quaterpyridine ligands.
Paper-based sperm DNA integrity analysis
Authors: Nosrati Reza , Gong Max M. , San Gabriel Maria C. , Zini Armand , Sinton David
Published: July 2016

A comprehensive paper-based assay for sperm chromatin integrity analysis has been demonstrated that quantifies both DNA fragmentation and packaging.
Investigation on the neutral and anionic BxAlyH2 (x + y = 7, 8, 9) clusters using density functional theory combined with photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Ding Li-Ping , Shao Peng , Lu Cheng , Zhang Fang-Hui , Ding Lei , Yuan Tao Li
Published: July 2016

The photoelectron experimental spectra measured at 266 nm and simulated spectra of B2Al5H2− and B2Al6H2− clusters.
The influence of π-conjugation on competitive pathways: charge transfer or electron transfer in new D–π–A and D–π–Si–π–A dyads
Authors: Cho Yang-Jin , Lee Ah-Rang , Kim So-Yoen , Cho Minji , Han Won-Sik , Son Ho-Jin , Cho Dae Won , Kang Sang Ook
Published: July 2016

Intramolecular charge transfer results in a partial charge transfer species (Dδ+–π–Aδ−). The disconnection of π-conjugation between the donor and acceptor causes a unit-electron transfer to form D˙+–π–Si–π–A˙−species.
Understanding the mechanism of LCST phase separation of mixed ionic liquids in water by MD simulations
Authors: Zhao Yuling , Wang Huiyong , Pei Yuanchao , Liu Zhiping , Wang Jianji
Published: July 2016

Hydrogen bonding interaction between amino acid anions is the driving force for the phase separation of aqueous ionic liquid mixtures.
Goat sausages containing chitosan towards a healthier product: microbiological, physico-chemical textural evaluation
Authors: do Amaral Deborah S. , Cardelle-Cobas Alejandra , do Nascimento Bárbara M. S. , Madruga Marta S. , Pintado Maria Manuela E.
Published: July 2016

Goat meat is extensively known for its interesting nutritional value and for being an important source of protein with high quality.
Small molecule-mediated protein knockdown as a new approach to drug discovery
Authors: Tinworth Christopher P. , Lithgow Hannah , Churcher Ian
Published: July 2016

Research into degradation of cellular proteins induced by small molecule agents known as Protacs has gathered pace recently. This article reviews recent progress and assesses the challenges to be addressed to enable clinical evaluation of agents.
Rice oil as a green source of capping ligands for GdF3 nanocrystals
Authors: Banski M. , Noculak A. , Misiewicz J. , Podhorodecki A.
Published: July 2016

The thermal decomposition of triglycerides allows control of the amount of ligands in the synthesis of GdF3 nanocrystals.
Simultaneous determination of entecavir and lamivudine in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Jiang Qikun , Liu Yan , Wang Yunjie , Sun Yinghua , Li Bo , Li Zhenbao , Lu Tianshu , Wang Shang , He Zhonggui
Published: July 2016

The study's aim is to develop and validate a rapid, selective and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode method for the simultaneous determination of entecavir and lamivudine in rat plasma.
Monitoring the doping of graphene on SiO2/Si substrates during the thermal annealing process
Authors: Costa S. D. , Weis J. Ek , Frank O. , Fridrichová M. , Kalbac M.
Published: July 2016

It is the temperature of annealing after the transfer of CVD graphene influencing the doping and compression level, and thus the various Raman peak positions reported in the literature.
Enhanced magnetic properties in ordered oriented ferrofibres
Authors: Jain Komal , Pathak Saurabh , Pant R. P.
Published: July 2016

We report the fabrication of oriented nano-ferrofibres using a typical electrospinning process in the absence of an applied magnetic field to assist alignment.
α-Fe2O3 nanospheres: facile synthesis and highly efficient photo-degradation of organic dyes and surface activation by nano-Pt for enhanced methanol sensing
Authors: Show Bibhutibhushan , Mukherjee Nillohit , Mondal Anup
Published: July 2016

Hematite α-Fe2O3 thin films have been deposited on FTO coated glass substrates. The films were found to perform efficiently towards electrochemical sensing of methanol and photodegradation of toxic dyes, viz. Indigo Carmine and Rhodamine B.
Synthesis, structure and photochromic properties of hybrid molecules based on fullerene C60 and spiropyrans
Authors: Tuktarov A. R. , Khuzin A. A. , Tulyabaev A. R. , Venidictova O. V. , Valova T. M. , Barachevsky V. A. , Khalilov L. M. , Dzhemilev U. M.
Published: July 2016

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides to fullerene C60 was utilized to perform the synthesis of spiropyran-containing photochromic pyrrolidinofullerenes.
Towards the modeling of quantum-dot sensitized solar cells: from structural and vibrational features to electron injection through lattice-mismatched interfaces
Authors: Szemjonov Alexandra , Pauporté Thierry , Ithurria Sandrine , Pedetti Silvia , Lequeux Nicolas , Dubertret Benoit , Ciofini Ilaria , Labat Frédéric
Published: July 2016

Structure-property interplay investigation in quantum dot solar cells, using a combined experimental and theoretical approach.
Discontinuous sweeping process with prox-regular sets
Authors: Adly Samir , Nacry Florent , Thibault Lionel
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we study the well−posedness (in the sense of existence and uniqueness of a solution) of a discontinuous sweeping process involving prox-regular sets in Hilbert spaces. The variation of the moving set is controlled by a positive Radon measure and the perturbation is assumed to satisfy a Lipschitz property. The existence of a solution with bounded variation is achieved thanks to the Moreau’s catching-up algorithm adapted to this kind of problem. Various properties and estimates of jumps of the solution are also provided. We give sufficient conditions to ensure the uniform prox-regularity when the moving set is described by inequality constraints. As an application, we consider a nonlinear differential complementarity system which is a combination of an ordinary differential equation with a nonlinear complementarily condition. Such problems appear in many areas such as nonsmooth mechanics, nonregular electrical circuits and control systems.
Synthesis of Atropisomeric MeOBIPHEP Analogues and Their Application in Silver-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Allenols
Authors: Le Boucher d’Herouville Florent , Millet Anthony , Scalone Michelangelo , Michelet Véronique
Published: July 2016

The preparation of novel MeOBIPHEP atropisomeric chiral congener ligands via an efficient palladium-catalyzed P–C coupling key step is described. We demonstrate that these palladium-catalyzed conditions are compatible with the brominated MeOBIPHEP backbone. The reaction conditions for asymmetric silver-catalyzed cycloisomerization of γ-allenols were optimized, leading to the first enantioselective catalytic system employing atropisomeric diphosphine ligands as the chiral inducer. The process follows a major 5-exo cyclization via addition of the alcohol moiety to the π-activated allenyl intermediate, leading to vinyltetrahydrofurans with enantiomeric ratios up to 91.5:8.5.
IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 101. Alcohols + Hydrocarbons + Water Part 3. C1–C3 Alcohols + Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Oracz Paweł , Góral Marian , Wiśniewska-Gocłowska Barbara , Shaw David G. , Mączyński Andrzej
Published: July 2016

The mutual solubilities and related liquid–liquid equilibria for 11 ternary systems of C1–C3 alcohols with aromatic hydrocarbons and water are exhaustively and critically reviewed. Reports of experimental determination of solubility that appeared in the primary literature prior to the end of 2012 are compiled. For nine systems, sufficient data are available (two or more independent determinations) to allow critical evaluation. All new data are expressed as mass percent and mole fraction as well as the originally reported units. In addition to the standard evaluation criteria used throughout the Solubility Data Series, an additional criterion was used for each of the evaluated systems. These systems include one binary miscibility gap in the hydrocarbon + water subsystem. The binary tie lines were compared with the recommended values published previously.
Remapping HELENA to incompressible plasma rotation parallel to the magnetic field
Authors: Poulipoulis G. , Throumoulopoulos G. N. , Konz C. ,   ITM-TF Contributors
Published: July 2016

Plasma rotation in connection to both zonal and mean (equilibrium) flows can play a role in the transitions to the advanced confinement regimes in tokamaks, as the L-H transition and the formation of internal transport barriers (ITBs). For incompressible rotation, the equilibrium is governed by a generalised Grad-Shafranov (GGS) equation and a decoupled Bernoulli-type equation for the pressure. For parallel flow, the GGS equation can be transformed to one identical in form with the usual Grad-Shafranov equation. In the present study on the basis of the latter equation, we have extended HELENA, an equilibrium fixed boundary solver. The extended code solves the GGS equation for a variety of the two free-surface-function terms involved for arbitrary Alfvén Mach number and density functions. We have constructed diverted-boundary equilibria pertinent to ITER and examined their characteristics, in particular, as concerns the impact of rotation on certain equilibrium quantities. It turns out that the rotation and its shear affect noticeably the pressure and toroidal current density with the impact on the current density being stronger in the parallel direction than in the toroidal one.
Wegner estimates, Lifshitz tails, and Anderson localization for Gaussian random magnetic fields
Authors: Ueki Naomasa
Published: July 2016

The Wegner estimate for the Hamiltonian of the Anderson model for the special Gaussian random magnetic field is extended to more general magnetic fields. The Lifshitz tail upper bounds of the integrated density of states as analyzed by Nakamura are reviewed and extended so that Gaussian random magnetic fields can be treated. By these and multiscale analysis, the Anderson localization at low energies is proven.
Effect of top gate potential on bias-stress for dual gate amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide thin film transistor
Authors: Chun Minkyu , Um Jae Gwang , Park Min Sang , Chowdhury Md Delwar Hossain , Jang Jin
Published: July 2016

We report the abnormal behavior of the threshold voltage (VTH) shift under positive bias Temperature stress (PBTS) and negative bias temperature stress (NBTS) at top/bottom gate in dual gate amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). It is found that the PBTS at top gate shows negative transfer shift and NBTS shows positive transfer shift for both top and bottom gate sweep. The shift of bottom/top gate sweep is dominated by top gate bias (VTG), while bottom gate bias (VBG) is less effect than VTG. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profile provides the evidence of In metal diffusion to the top SiO2/a-IGZO and also the existence of large amount of In+ under positive top gate bias around top interfaces, thus negative transfer shift is observed. On the other hand, the formation of OH− at top interfaces under the stress of negative top gate bias shows negative transfer shift. The domination of VTG both on bottom/top gate sweep after PBTS/NBTS is obviously occurred due to thin active layer.
Stabilization of orthorhombic phase in single-crystal ZnSnN2 films
Authors: Senabulya Nancy , Feldberg Nathaniel , Makin Robert. A. , Yang Yongsoo , Shi Guangsha , Jones Christina M. , Kioupakis Emmanouil , Mathis James , Clarke Roy , Durbin Steven M.
Published: July 2016

We report on the crystal structure of epitaxial ZnSnN2 films synthesized via plasma-assisted vapor deposition on (111) yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and (001) lithium gallate (LiGaO2) substrates. X-ray diffraction measurements performed on ZnSnN2 films deposited on LiGaO2 substrates show evidence of single-crystal, phase-pure orthorhombic structure in the Pn21a symmetry [space group (33)], with lattice parameters in good agreement with theoretically predicted values. This Pn21a symmetry is imposed on the ZnSnN2 films by the LiGaO2 substrate, which also has orthorhombic symmetry. A structural change from the wurtzite phase to the orthorhombic phase in films grown at high substrate temperatures ∼550°C and low values of nitrogen flux ∼10−5 Torr is observed in ZnSnN2 films deposited on YSZ characterized by lattice contraction in the basal plane and a 5.7% expansion of the out-of-plane lattice parameter.
Preparation and UCST-Type Phase Behaviours of Poly(γ-4-methylbenzyl-L-glutamate) Pyridinium Tetrafluoroborate Conjugates in Methanol or Water
Authors: Liu Sheng , Ge Chenglong , Ling Ying , Tang Haoyu
Published: July 2016

Polymers with ionic liquid (IL) moieties can undergo thermally induced solution phase transitions by adjusting the balance of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity between the cations and anions of the IL moieties, thus making them attractive candidates towards various applications such as separation, sensing, and biomedicine. In the present study, a series of poly(γ-4-methylbenzyl-l-glutamate) pyridinium tetrafluoroborate conjugates (P1–P4) containing various pyridinium moieties (i.e. pyridinium, 2-methylpyridinium, 3-methylpyridinium, and 4-methylpyridinium) were prepared by nucleophilic substitution between poly(γ-4-chloromethylbenzyl-l-glutamate) and pyridine or methylpyridines with different substituent positions, followed by ion-exchange reaction in the presence of NaBF4. 1H NMR spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses confirmed the molecular structures of P1–P4. 1H NMR analysis additionally revealed that P1–P4 showed high grafting efficiency in the range of 93–97 %. P1, P3, and P4 exhibited reversible UCST-type phase behaviours in both methanol and water, whereas P2 showed a reversible UCST-type phase behaviour in water only. Variable-temperature UV-visible spectroscopy was used to characterize the solution phase behaviours and UCST-type phase transition temperature (Tpt) values of P1–P4, which were in the range of 24.9–37.2°C in methanol (3 mg mL–1) and 40.9–55.7°C in water (10 mg mL–1). Tpt decreased significantly with decreasing polymer concentrations.
A historical and contemporary consideration of the diet of the reef manta ray (Manta alfredi) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Authors: Bennett M. B. , Coman F. F. , Townsend K. A. , Couturier L. I. E. , Jaine F. R. A. , Richardson A. J.
Published: July 2016

The preserved stomach contents from the manta ray, collected in 1935, that provided the basis for the 2009 taxonomic resurrection of the species Manta alfredi, were examined. The majority of the material comprised calanoid copepods (61.7%) and trypanorhynch cestodes (34.6%), with minor contributions by arrow worms, a barnacle larva and a nematode. Comparison of the size-frequency distributions of stomach contents with that of zooplankton from the Great Barrier Reef region suggest that this manta ray preferentially ingested large copepods, or that the filter mechanism used to extract prey from the water was selective for prey items over 0.8mm in length. This is the first description of the diet of M. alfredi from stomach contents, and is consistent with previous inferences about what this species consumes.
Role of the Na+/K+-ATPase ion pump in male reproduction and embryo development
Authors: Câmara D. R. , Kastelic J. P. , Thundathil J. C.
Published: July 2016

Na+/K+-ATPase was one of the first ion pumps studied because of its importance in maintaining osmotic and ionic balances between intracellular and extracellular environments, through the exchange of three Na+ ions out and two K+ ions into a cell. This enzyme, which comprises two main subunits (α and β), with or without an auxiliary polypeptide (γ), can have specific biochemical properties depending on the expression of associated isoforms (α1β1 and/or α2β1) in the cell. In addition to the importance of Na+/K+-ATPase in ensuring the function of many tissues (e.g. brain, heart and kidney), in the reproductive tract this protein is essential for embryo development because of its roles in blastocoel formation and embryo hatching. In the context of male reproduction, the discovery of a very specific subunit (α4), apparently restricted to male germ cells, only expressed after puberty and able to influence sperm function (e.g. motility and capacitation), opened a remarkable field for further investigations regarding sperm biology. Therefore, the present review focuses on the importance of Na+/K+-ATPase on male reproduction and embryo development.
Regulation of eosinophilia and allergic airway inflammation by the glycan-binding protein galectin-1
Authors: Ge Xiao Na , Ha Sung Gil , Greenberg Yana G. , Rao Amrita , Bastan Idil , Blidner Ada G. , Rao Savita P. , Rabinovich Gabriel A. , Sriramarao P.
Published: July 2016

Significance

Allergic asthma is a chronic airway disease, and the number of individuals with asthma continues to grow. Eosinophils recruited to allergic airways contribute significantly to airway inflammation via release of proinflammatory mediators that cause epithelial tissue damage, bronchoconstriction, and airway remodeling. Here we show that galectin-1 (Gal-1), an endogenous immunoregulatory lectin, binds to eosinophil-expressed surface glycans to inhibit cell migration and induce apoptosis. Using a mouse model of allergic asthma, we show that mice lacking Gal-1 exhibit increased airway eosinophils and airway hyperresponsiveness compared with wild-type mice. Because Gal-1 plays an important role in regulating airway inflammation, identifying pathways to induce Gal-1 synthesis and/or favor its biological activity might enable exploitation of its proresolving function to suppress allergic asthma.
What cognitive processes are likely to be exercised by bilingualism and does this exercise lead to extra-linguistic cognitive benefits?
Authors: Klein Raymond M.
Published: July 2016

I begin with some personal history that illuminates my background and my interest in the questions posed in this article’s title (What cognitive processes are likely to be exercised by bilingualism and does this exercise lead to extra-linguistic cognitive benefits?). A brief overview of historical interest in these questions follows, with emphasis on the landmark study by Peel and Lambert (1962) and the seminal ideas in Bialystok’s (2001) book: Bilingualism in Development: Language, Literacy and Cognition. Three cognitive processes (monitoring, selection mediated by inhibition, and switching) are likely to be “exercised” in the bilingual mind and, especially, in the bilingual context. Yet, despite a few early studies that reported evidence for bilingual advantages in these cognitive processes, the thorough empirical reviews presented here and in previous papers by Hilchey (Hilchey & Klein, 2011; Hilchey, Saint-Aubin & Klein, 2015) and others, suggest that there are no extra-linguistic cognitive benefits of multi-lingual mastery.
Antecedent Generics: How Capes, Lakes, Mounts, and Points Are Named in the Antipodes
Authors: Tent Jan
Published: July 2016

Toponymic literature often mentions that the names of geographic features generally have the structure: specific + generic. While this is often the case, there are a set of geographic features that regularly do not follow this sequence. These are capes, lakes, mountains, and points. Their order of elements is often the reverse: generic + specific. By using toponyms from the Gazetteer of Australia and the New Zealand Gazetteer, this article shows there is indeed a distinct and suggestive pattern to the names that these features bear, explores this phenomenon and attempts to discover reasons for this trend.
Concluding Thoughts
Authors: Degiuli Francesca
Published: July 2016

Chapter 8 provides a review of the many topics covered throughout the book and emphasizes how, notwithstanding some minor transformations, the organization of eldercare in Italy continues to rely heavily on the presence of im/migrant women workers. This presence is crucial not only for Italian families that without im/migrant women would be crushed by the growing demands of care placed upon them but also for the Italian welfare state that due to the work of these women is able to manage the current eldercare crisis without addressing the changes that have occurred and are occurring in Italian society. Instead of addressing the growing need of the Italian elders and their families with an appropriate discussion of the role of the welfare state and the restructuring of its services, the Italian state utilizes contradictory immigration policies to provide a market solution to the current eldercare crisis.
Sri Lanka
Authors: Billimoria Marc
Published: July 2016

This chapter on Sri Lankan Anglicanism looks at the theological basis for contextualization, identifies some Sri Lankan realities, and provides an overview of the history of Christianity in Sri Lanka with a particular emphasis on Anglicanism and its impact. It shows the roots of contextualization in the indigenization movement based on incarnation, and then looks at different aspects of Anglican church life that have been impacted by contextualization such as the church’s ministry and leadership, self-government, architecture and religious art, liturgy, and fundamentally its radical ‘self-theologizing’ with a focus on the role of Bishop Lakshman Wickremesinghe. In conclusion the chapter argues that a distinct ‘Sri Lankan Anglicanism’ exists and asks whether the Anglican Church of Ceylon has fully embraced this distinct identity or is still captive to a colonial past.
Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Paa-Daniel Jenny Te
Published: July 2016

In 1992 the Anglican Church in Aotearoa New Zealand and Polynesia, which owed its origin ultimately to the work of Samuel Marsden and other missionaries, undertook a globally unprecedented project to redeem its inglorious colonial past, especially with respect to its treatment of indigenous Maori Anglicans. In this chapter Te Paa Daniel, an indigenous Anglican laywoman, explores the history of her Provincial Church in the Antipodes, outlining the facts of history, including the relationship with the Treaty of Waitangi, the period under Selwyn’s leadership, as experienced and understood from the perspective of Maori Anglicans. The chapter thus brings into view the events that informed and influenced the radical and globally unprecedented Constitutional Revision of 1992 which saw the creation of the partnership between different cultural jurisdictions (tikanga).
Gender
Authors: Tanner Kathryn
Published: July 2016

This chapter puts the theological use of father and son language in the traditional doctrine of the Trinity into perspective by showing that this language has a limited theological point and no exclusive privilege. These terms cannot stand on their own, moreover, without threatening to bring with them serious misunderstandings. As with every set of terms used to discuss the relationship between the first and second persons of the Trinity, the connotations of this one need to be severely modified in ways the simple use of the terms themselves cannot convey. While Anglicanism itself may be loath to change its liturgy, its favourite theological literature gives the whole church reason to reconsider that reluctance. By discussion of patristics, the role of Mary, the mother of Jesus, it seeks to show how gender can be reconceived.
Congregational Life
Authors: Gill Robin
Published: July 2016

The rapidly growing discipline of Congregational Studies, which draws on insights from across a number of different academic field, offers a particularly interesting and relatively dispassionate way of understanding and comparing different forms of congregational life from a detailed analysis of the lived experience of communities so as to develop what has been called a congregational ecology. Congregational life displays elements of social capital as well as conflict. Across many different denominations and in different contexts this area of study has been able to show that there are important commonalities as well as some distinctive differences between churches and congregations. This chapter will suggest how Congregational Studies might be used effectively to understand and locate these commonalities and differences within the different churches, and connected communities of worldwide Anglicanism.
Anglican Relations with Islam
Authors: Nazir-Ali Michael
Published: July 2016

Anglican relations with Islam and with Muslims are rooted in the long history of Christian contact with the world of Islam. There has been mutual recognition and cooperation during the millet system of the Ottoman times, but also hostility and conflict. Anglicans have sought to strengthen the ancient Oriental churches in Islamic lands through assistance of various kinds, without proselytizing. At their best, they have tried to serve their Muslim neighbours through education and medical work, whilst also seeking to understand Muslim cultural, literary, and spiritual traditions. In particular, Anglican witness has focused on translating and making available the Bible in Muslim languages. This chapter maps out the variety of approaches adopted and to outline what has been fruitful as well as to acknowledge the mistakes and to learn from them in order to work towards a common understanding of and commitment to fundamental freedoms, including that of belief in our world today.
Mission in the Anglican Communion
Authors: Ward Kevin
Published: July 2016

This chapter discusses the development of Anglicanism through mission and argues that mission is essential to the church’s existence and flourishing. It proposes that the church’s mission has two aspects: the deepening and revitalization of the lives of those already within the Christian community, and the extension of the Gospel beyond the boundaries of that community. Among the key issues covered are the mission in the Reformation era, Evangelicals and abolition of slavery, mission under colonialism, as well as specific regions such as India, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo, Madagascar, Quebec and Haiti. The chapter then considers the modern mission by discussing the Nigerian experience, the struggle against apartheid, and the rebirth of Chinese Christianity. The last section allows the reader to consider the mission beyond Anglicanism.
Anglicanism and the Fathers
Authors: McGowan Andrew
Published: July 2016

Anglicanism from the time of the Reformation has been characterized by a persistent interest in the Fathers of the church which joins authorities as diverse in date and disposition as Cranmer and Pusey or Jewel and Newman. While both the methods of reading and the conclusions drawn from considering patristic sources have varied greatly, Anglicans of different tendencies have tended to value the Fathers such as Augustine both as representing a Catholic consensus opposed to Roman and Puritan extremes, and as uniquely useful sources for theological discourse, constructive or controversial. Even where the authority of the Fathers is not regarded as theologically unique, the characteristics identified as necessary in a Church both catholic and reformed have tended to be drawn from the practice and belief of ancient Christianity, as in the Quadrilateral. Anglicanism is less a tradition characterized by confessional adherence to the Fathers as by consistent acknowledgement of its historical basis in the early Church in terms of both doctrine and dogma.