bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Image-guided Temporal Bone Dissection Course
Authors: Ribeiro Diego Sgarabotto , Jotz Geraldo Pereira , Sousa Natália Cândido de , Setogutti Enio Tadashi , Isolan Gustavo Rassier , Stefani Marco Antonio , Bento Ricardo Ferreira , Lavinsky Joel
Published: March 2021

Introduction Temporal bone anatomy is complex and demands a profound anatomical knowledge. Association between surgery and imaging helps in the process of learning three-dimensional (3D) anatomy and surgical techniques. High definition temporal bone imaging can play an important role in dissection training.

Objective To describe a computed tomography (CT) image-guided temporal bone dissection course for surgical training in otolaryngology and to verify the satisfaction level of the students with the course.

Methods Descriptive research. The course took place at a research laboratory, with three experienced temporal bone surgeons. The participants were 12 otolaryngology residents. The laboratory has 7 modern workstations with microscope and monitors linked with a computerized video system. Cadaveric temporal bones were donated to the university. Imaging acquisition of the cadaveric temporal bones used in the course was performed in a multislice CT scanner. The CT images of cadaveric temporal bones were available with real-time access on the laboratory monitor's screens during dissections.

Results A total of 13 temporal bones were included for dissection. Students had the opportunity to view on the same screen, simultaneously, both the dissection video and the respective CT images of their temporal bone anatomical specimens. This allowed correlating surgical and imaging aspects of temporal bone anatomy. At the end of the course, participants answered a satisfaction survey.

Conclusion Considering imaging methods are routinely used during most otologic surgeries, detailed knowledge of CT imaging should be explored in conjunction with the temporal bone anatomical dissection.
Adolescents' Self-Perception about Auditory Behavior: Agreement with Parents and Central Auditory Processing Evaluation
Authors: Nardez Taina Maiza Bilinski , Guijo Laura Mochiatti , Lucas Priscila de Araújo , Cardoso Ana Cláudia Vieira
Published: March 2021

Introduction Central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) has been diagnosed through behavioral tests. Moreover, screening tools as validated questionnaires may contribute to identify individuals at risk for this disorder, including adolescents.

Objective (1) to characterize and compare adolescents' self-perception regarding their auditory behavior with their parents' perception; (2) to verify their agreement with behavioral evaluation of central auditory processing (CAP).

Methods Cross-sectional, prospective, and descriptive study, in which 40 adolescents and 40 parents of both genders participated. All participants answered the scale of auditory behaviors questionnaire, and the behavioral evaluation of CAP was conducted with the adolescents. Findings were analyzed descriptively and inferentially, with a significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0.05) and application of the following tests: Test for equality of two proportions, Chi-squared, and Kappa concordance index.

Results Most adolescents rated their auditory behavior as “low risk” for CAPD while their parents rated it as “typical.” When comparing adolescents' self-perception and parents' perception about the auditory behavior with the behavioral evaluation outcome, a statistically significant difference was observed only in adolescents' self-perception. The results of the behavioral evaluation indicated that 42.5% of the adolescents showed alterations. The concordance index between adolescents' self-perception and parents' perception of auditory behavior showed a significant (minimal) difference.

Conclusion Most adolescents were able to perceive difficulties regarding their auditory behavior and characterized it as “low risk” for CAPD, but the same did not occur regarding their parents. There was agreement only between the adolescents' self-perception and their performance in the behavioral evaluation of CAP.
Disfunción eréctil, prevalencia y factores asociados, en hombres con diabetes tipo 2, en el Eje Cafetero, Colombia, 2016-2019
Authors: Hoz Franklin José Espitia De La
Published: March 2021

Objetivo determinar la prevalencia de la disfunción eréctil y los factores de riesgo entre los hombres con diabetes tipo 2, en el Eje Cafetero.

Métodos estudio observacional. Se realizó muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia incorporando a 372 participantes. Se incluyeron hombres mayores de 18 años, más de un año de diagnóstico de Diabetes tipo 2 y en tratamiento periódico de su enfermedad, pertenecientes al programa de enfermedades crónicas en la consulta externa; entre 2016 y 2019, en tres instituciones universitarias de referencia ubicadas en el Eje Cafetero, Colombia. Se excluyeron analfabetos, enfermedades urológicas y los que no desearon participar. La evaluación de la salud sexual se hizo con el índice internacional de la función eréctil abreviado (IIFE-5). Variables medidas: socio-demográficas, clínicas y bioquímicas. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva.

Resultados La edad media fue de 57,59 ± 8,73 años. La prevalencia de disfunción eréctil fue del 85,48% (n = 318/372). Predominando la forma leve a moderada y severa, en un 27,33% y 26,69%, respectivamente. La prevalencia de disfunción eréctil fue mayor entre los fumadores (OR = 10,14; IC95%: 3,36-31,56), hipotiroideos (OR = 5,55; IC95%: 2,76-8,19), (p = 0,001) y diagnóstico de la diabetes 3 15 años (OR = 3,27; IC95%: 1,77-5,82).

Conclusiones la disfunción eréctil representa una complicación común, con una alta prevalencia entre los hombres con diabetes tipo 2; la cual es superior entre los fumadores, hipotiroideos y mayor tiempo de padecer la diabetes, donde se observa la más alta severidad.
Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) In Tinnitus Patients
Authors: Alshabory Hend F. , Gabr Takwa A. , Kotait Mona A.
Published: March 2021

Introduction Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of external sound stimulation. There is a general agreement that it is a direct consequence of irreversible and permanent cochlear damage.

Objectives The present work is designed to study the distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in tinnitus patients with normal hearing in comparison with normal hearing control and to study any possible correlation between DPOAEs recording and patients' complaints.

Methods The present study included 80 subjects divided into 2 groups: Control group: consisted of 30 normal-hearing adults not complaining of tinnitus and Study group: consisted of 50 normal-hearing adults complaining of tinnitus. The methodology includes full audiological history, otoscopic examination, basic audiological evaluation, DPOAEs including both DP-gram and DPOAEs input/output functions.

Results Basic audiological evaluation showed within normal hearing sensitivity in both groups, however, with significant higher hearing thresholds in tinnitus patients at all frequency ranges. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory Questionnaire showed mean scores of 35.2 ± 16.9 in the study group. The DP-gram showed higher amplitudes in the control group when compared with tinnitus patients. The DPOAEs input-output functions at different frequencies (1, 2, 4 and 6kHz) also showed higher amplitudes at all frequencies and different input levels. The slope of the I/O function tends to be steeper in tinnitus cases.

Conclusion Patients with tinnitus might have neural dysfunction at either the level of the cochlea, as shown in reduced DPOAE levels, and changes in the normal DP-I/O function recorded in the present work.
Anastomosis Patterns between the Median and Ulnar Nerves in the Upper Limbs
Authors: Felippe Marcelo Medeiros , Rodrigues Renan Salomão , Santana Thais Baccarini
Published: March 2021

There are four types of anastomoses between the median and ulnar nerves in the upper limbs. It consists of crossings of axons that produce changes in the innervation of the upper limbs, mainly in the intrinsic muscles of the hand. The forearm has two anatomical changes – Martin-Gruber: branch originating close to the median nerve joining distally to the ulnar nerve; and Marinacci: branch originating close to the ulnar nerve and distally joining the median nerve. The hand also has two types of anastomoses, which are more common, and sometimes considered a normal anatomical pattern – Berrettini: Connection between the common digital nerves of the ulnar and median nerves; and Riche-Cannieu: anastomosis between the recurrent branch of the median nerve and the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. Due to these connection patterns, musculoskeletal disorders and neuropathies can be misinterpreted, and nerve injuries during surgery may occur, without the knowledge of these anastomoses. Therefore, knowledge of them is essential for the clinical practice. The purpose of the present review is to provide important information about each type of anastomosis of the median and ulnar nerves in the forearm and hand.
Cervical Mesonephric Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report of a Rare Gynecological Tumor from Embryological Remains of the Female Genital Tract
Authors: Reis-de-Carvalho Catarina , Vaz-de-Macedo Carolina , Ortiz Santiago , Colaço Anabela , Calhaz-Jorge Carlos
Published: March 2021

Introduction Malignant mesonephric tumors are uncommon in the female genital tract, and they are usually located where embryonic remnants of Wolffian ducts are detected, such as the uterine cervix. The information about these tumors, their treatment protocol, and prognosis are scarce.

Case report A 60-year-old woman with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding was initially diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma. After suspicion co-testing, the patient underwent a loop electrosurgical excision of the cervix and was eventually diagnosed with mesonephric adenocarcinoma. She was subjected to a radical hysterectomy, which revealed International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) IB1 stage, and adjuvant radiotherapy. The follow-up showed no evidence of recurrence after 60 months.

Conclusion We present the case of a woman with cervical mesonephric adenocarcinoma. When compared with the literature, this case had the longest clinical follow-up without evidence of recurrence, which reinforces the concept that these tumors are associated with a favorable prognosis if managed according to the guidelines defined for the treatment of patients with cervical adenocarcinomas. Though a rare entity, it should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis for other cervical cancers.
Effect of Closure of Anterior Abdominal Wall Layers on Early Postoperative Findings at Cesarean Section: A Prospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Çintesun Ersin , Kebapçılar Ayşe Gül , Uçar Mustafa Gazi , Yılmaz Setenay Arzu , Bertizlioğlu Mete , ÇELİK Çetin , Seçilmiş Kerimoğlu Özlem
Published: March 2021

Objective To investigate the effect of closure types of the anterior abdominal wall layers in cesarean section (CS) surgery on early postoperative findings.

Methods The present study was designed as a prospective cross-sectional study and was conducted at a university hospital between October 2018 and February 2019. A total of 180 patients who underwent CS for various reasons were enrolled in the study. Each patient was randomly assigned to one of three groups: Both parietal peritoneum and rectus abdominis muscle left open (group 1), parietal peritoneum closure only (group 2), and closure of the parietal peritoneum and reapproximation of rectus muscle (group 3). All patients were compared in terms of postoperative pain scores (while lying down and during mobilization), analgesia requirement, and return of bowel motility.

Results The postoperative pain scores were similar at the 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 18th hours while lying down. During mobilization, the postoperative pain scores at 6 and 12 hours were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 3. Diclofenac use was significantly higher in patients in group 1 than in those in group 2. Meperidine requirements were similar among the groups. There was no difference between the groups' first flatus and stool passage times.

Conclusion In the group with only parietal peritoneum closure, the pain scores at the 6th and 12th hours were higher. Rectus abdominis muscle reapproximations were found not to increase the pain score. The closure of the anterior abdominal wall had no effect on the return of bowel motility.
Crystal–melt interface kinetic behaviors of iron
Authors: Wu Lingkang , Zhu Yiying , Wang Hao , Li Mo
Published: March 2021

While the crystal–melt interface kinetic equation predicts various kinetic behaviors, the realization of these scenarios and the corresponding thermodynamic conditions remain unclear. In this work, six representative interface kinetic behaviors of Fe were modeled and examined by molecular dynamics simulations. For the flat interface, several models were designed to study the migration, fluctuation, and recovery of the interface. For the cylindrical or curved interface, different models were also designed to test the equilibrium, migration, and instability of the interface. By comparing the kinetic behaviors of the two types of interfaces, we can observe the effect of interface curvature. During the simulations, two crucial material-specific parameters, the crystal–melt interface free energy and kinetic coefficient, were determined and compared among different models.
Addressing cervical cancer screening disparities through advances in artificial intelligence and nanotechnologies for cellular profiling
Authors: Yang Zhenzhong , Francisco Jack , Reese Alexandra S. , Spriggs David R. , Im Hyungsoon , Castro Cesar M.
Published: March 2021

Almost all cases of cervical cancer are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). Detection of pre-cancerous cervical changes provides a window of opportunity for cure of an otherwise lethal disease when metastatic. With a greater understanding of the biology and natural course of high-risk HPV infections, screening methods have shifted beyond subjective Pap smears toward more sophisticated and objective tactics. This has led to a substantial growth in the breadth and depth of HPV-based cervical cancer screening tests, especially in developed countries without constrained resources. Many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have less access to advanced laboratories and healthcare resources, so new point-of-care (POC) technologies have been developed to provide test results in real time, improve the efficiency of techniques, and increase screening adoption. In this Review, we will discuss how novel decentralized screening technologies and computational strategies improve upon traditional methods and how their realized promise could further democratize cervical cancer screening and promote greater disease prevention.
Influence of followers’ strengths-based leadership on follower strengths use through intention to use strengths: the moderating role of work pressure (Los líderes basados en las fortalezas de los seguidores influyen en el uso de dichas fortalezas a través de la intención de uso de las fortalezas: el rol moderador de la presión laboral)
Authors: Ding He , Yu Enhai
Published: March 2021

The present study aimed to test the mediating role of intention to use strengths (IUS) and the moderating role of work pressure in the relationship of followers’ strengths-based leadership (FSBL) with follower strengths use. A total of 295 employees working in diverse enterprises in China completed the measures of FSBL, work pressure, IUS and strengths use at two points in time, separated by a four-week interval. Analytical results showed that FSBL has predictive value for IUS and FSBL could affect follower strengths use through IUS. In addition, the positive effect of FSBL on IUS was stronger for employees low in work pressure rather than for employees high in work pressure, and work pressure could also attenuate the mediational effect of IUS on the FSBL–strengths use relationship. These results contribute to the literature on the FSBL–strengths use linkage by revealing the roles of IUS and work pressure in the FSBL and strengths use relation.
Hydrogel-based electrodes for selective cervical vagus nerve stimulation
Authors: Horn Charles C , Forssell Mats , Sciullo Michael , Harms Jonathan E , Fulton Stephanie , Mou Chenchen , Sun Fan , Simpson Tyler W , Xiao Gutian , Fisher Lee E , Bettinger Christopher , Fedder Gary K
Published: March 2021

Objective. Electrical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has the potential to treat a wide variety of diseases by modulating afferent and efferent communication to the heart, lungs, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Although distal vagal nerve branches, close to end organs, could provide a selective therapeutic approach, these locations are often surgically inaccessible. In contrast, the cervical vagus nerve has been targeted for decades using surgically implantable helix electrodes to treat epileptic seizures and depression; however, to date, clinical implementation of VNS has relied on an electrode with contacts that fully wrap around the nerve, producing non-selective activation of the entire nerve. Here we demonstrate selective cervical VNS using cuff electrodes with multiple contacts around the nerve circumference to target different functional pathways. Approach. These flexible probes were adjusted to the diameter of the nerve using an adhesive hydrogel wrap to create a robust electrode interface. Our approach was verified in a rat model by demonstrating that cervical VNS produces neural activity in the abdominal vagus nerve while limiting effects on the cardiovascular system (i.e. changes in heart rate or blood pressure). Main results. This study demonstrates the potential for selective cervical VNS as a therapeutic approach for modulating distal nerve branches while reducing off target effects. Significance. This methodology could potentially be refined to treat gastrointestinal, metabolic, inflammatory, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases amenable to vagal neuromodulatory control.
Effect of force accuracy on hemodynamic response: an fNIRS study using fine visuomotor task
Authors: Zheng Yilei , Tian Bohao , Zhang Yuru , Wang Dangxiao
Published: March 2021

Objective. Despite converging neuroimaging studies investigating how neural activity is modulated by various motor related factors, such as movement velocity and force magnitude, little has been devoted to identifying the effect of force accuracy. This study thus aimed to investigate the effect of task difficulty on cortical neural responses when participants performed a visuomotor task with varying demands on force accuracy. Approach. Fourteen healthy adults performed a set of force generation operations with six levels of force accuracy. The participants held a pen-shaped tool and moved the tool along a planar ring path, meanwhile producing a constant force against the plane under visual guidance. The required force accuracy was modulated by allowable tolerance of the force during the task execution. We employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy to record signals from bilateral prefrontal, sensorimotor and occipital areas, used the hemoglobin concentration as indicators of cortical activation, then calculated the effective connectivity across these regions by Granger causality. Main results. We observed overall stronger activation (oxy-hemoglobin concentration, p = 0.015) and connectivity (p < 0.05) associated with the initial increase in force accuracy, and the diminished trend in activation and connectivity when participants were exposed to excessive demands on accurate force generation. These findings suggested that the increasing task difficulty would be only beneficial for the mental investment up to a certain point, and above that point neural responses would show patterns of lower activation and connections, revealing mental overload at excessive task demands. Significance. Our results provide the first evidence for the inverted U-shaped effect of force accuracy on hemodynamic responses during fine visuomotor tasks. The insights obtained through this study also highlight the essential role of inter-region connectivity alterations for coping with task difficulty, enhance our understanding of the underlying motor neural processes, and provide the groundwork for developing adaptive neurorehabilitation strategies.
Neural networks application to detect the facts of smoking in video surveillance systems
Authors: Danilchenko P V , Romanov N S
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the application of convolutional neural networks and cascade classifiers for tracking smoking facts in relation to video surveillance systems. Two methods of smoking detection are proposed. The first method involves detecting a cigarette against the background of a human face. The second method involves detecting a hand with a cigarette in it. On the basis of the proposed methods, software for a video surveillance system is being developed, which makes it possible to determine the facts of smoking in real time, and thereby prematurely prevent possible undesirable consequences.
Development of a computer intelligent system for optimizing adaptive control of business planning processes
Authors: Shorikov A F , Butsenko E V
Published: March 2021

The article presents a methodology for developing an intelligent system for optimizing adaptive control of business planning processes in conditions of uncertainty. The results of the work are based on a new method for optimizing adaptive project management using network economic and mathematical modeling. The article describes a methodology for computer implementation of the proposed intelligent system, which is designed to automate the modeling of business planning processes and optimize adaptive decision-making management during their implementation based on network economic and mathematical modeling, as well as methods and tools for the development of intelligent computer systems. The developed system takes into account the existing specific technical and economic conditions and the available information support. The results obtained in this work can serve as a basis for the creation of intelligent computer systems to support management decisions in the implementation of business planning processes in conditions of information uncertainty.
Testing the algorithm of tumor localization in breast cancer on the results of temperature field simulation
Authors: Glazunov V A , Polyakov M V
Published: March 2021

This work was carried outaspartof research on the development of methods forthe intelligent analysis of medical thermometric data. These methods are designed to create a consultative intelligent system for the diagnosis of breast cancer. The previously developed approach to the formation of the feature space based on microwave radiothermometry data and the created algorithm forthe localization of malignant neoplasms in the mammary gland were applied. This algorithm is a weighted voting algorithm that is configured using a genetic algorithm. The operation of the algorithm was tested separately on the results of modeling the temperature fields of the mammary glands, as w’cll as on real data. In addition, it was crosschecked against real data and simulation results. In these cases, the localization algorithm can achieve accuracy from 55 to 65% on test samples.
Supporting small enterprises in the context of new financial crisis of 2020: international experience
Authors: Binyaminov B A
Published: March 2021

Dramatic changes in the world economy since the beginning of 2020 have affected virtually all entrepreneurship industries and segments, the small enterprise segment in particular. Temporary "frozen" operation, as well as the number of small enterprises being reduced due to the coronavirus outbreak and related restrictions, may in general lead to liquidation of a significant sector share. To avoid the trend, governments of different countries seek to introduce truly unprecedented measures to support, or rather to preserve small enterprises. Despite the fact that the targets of small enterprise assistance remained the same, scopes, conditions and scales of its provision have changed. Current crisis response measures can be treated as experimental - they are not always effective, not always accessible, and do not always have a target audience and a corresponding financial and economic focus. Governments are assumed to succeed in finding the optimal program target by trial and error, the program that would be effective and actually would support small enterprises against the background of the new financial crisis of 2020. In this context, the international exchange of the best, most successful, practices is extremely important.
Green economy as a factor of sustainable development: European experience
Authors: Zazykina L A , Bukova A A
Published: March 2021

The experience of implementing approaches of the green economy as an interaction and mutual influence between urban civilization and the biosphere is discussed. Sustainable urban development, based on the principles of a green economy, leads to an increase in human well-being in the long term, while not exposing future generations to significant environmental risks. The issue of sustainable development is being actively studied since currently the welfare of mankind is more and more determined by the quality of life in cities. In the future, the gap in numbers between urban and rural populations will only grow, and an increasing part of the world population will be represented by residents of urban areas. Sustainable urban development is understood as the ability of the urban environment to change, satisfying subsequent generations of residents in terms of security, convenience of living and activities, communications, logistics, infrastructure, architecture and design, with minimal costs for multiple transformations. European countries such as Sweden, Denmark and others show an increase in public investment in infrastructure consistent with the principles of sustainable development (including public transport, renewable energy, construction of energy-efficient buildings) and natural capital; Existing models for implementing the principles of the green economy and the practice of their implementation in Europe have shown that Russia needs social strategies designed to ensure alignment between social goals and existing or proposed economic strategies.
Transforming enterprise networks: building a wellness human being ecosystem
Authors: Skryl T V , Osipov V S
Published: March 2021

The transformation of enterprises' network connections in the epoch of changes is revealed in the article, the formation of Human Welfare EcoSystem as well as the provision of innovative economic growth based on the work of industrial cluster and internal connections between enterprises is substantiated. The authors reveal the relationship between the innovative growth of the economy and the functioning of clusters in the ecosystem. The article presents the conclusion that the ecosystem is a set of interrelated and interdependent components of the environment, agglomerations, industrial and agricultural firms connected by the Internet things, which aims to organize a prosperous, healthy and happy society.
Use of innovative technological solutions in the development of the fish products market
Authors: Balakin M D , Ashmarina T I , Pulyaev N N
Published: March 2021

As fishery activities is a significant producer of vital food products (17% of the world‘s protein consumption), the problem of including illegal and adulterated products in the supply chain, which can be solved with the help of innovative technology – blockchain, is of significant importance. Conducting this review, it is important to understand how the blockchain can act as a unifying structure for various international stakeholders to solve the problem of the fish products market. Based on the conducted economic analysis of various information technologies using methods of analysis and synthesis, experimentation, graphic images, as well as the use of official reports of the FAO (Food Organization of the United Nations), Rospotrebnadzor, Rosrybolovstvo, scientific and expert assessments and calculations of the implementation of information technologies in fishery activities of Russian and foreign scientists, it was proposed to introduce a technology of an effective mechanism for limiting the blockchain for fishery activities, where the result is the exclusion of “falsified information”, “illegal” and “low-quality” fish products from the moment they are caught to the moment they are put on sale.
Comparative analysis of the financial status of industrial rabbit breeding enterprises in Russia
Authors: Velkina L V , Chutcheva Yu V , Pavlova I M
Published: March 2021

Rabbit breeding is one of the perspective and strategically important sectors of livestock in Russia. It is worth noting that insufficient attention has been paid to the study of the financial status of Russian rabbit breeding enterprises. Thus, the relevance of our study is due to the need to analyze key financial indicators of industrial rabbit breeding enterprises and to propose directions for improving their financial status. Seven leading Russian industrial rabbit breeding enterprises were selected as objects of research, and the empirical base was compiled by the data of public accounting reports, the main of which are the Balance sheet report and the Statement of financial results. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, the main indicators of the financial position and performance of the industrial rabbit enterprises under consideration for the period 2017-2018 were identified and grouped. The coefficients of financial stability, solvency and indicators of efficiency of activity of enterprises were reviewed, and the structure of the balance sheet was analyzed. Also, in the course of the study, a rating of industrial rabbit breeding enterprises was built and it was found that the bulk of the indicators of four of the seven enterprises under consideration fit into the normative values, therefore they are attractive to investors, they can apply for credit and further development, and three enterprises have significant financial difficulties associated mainly with poor governance. Working with these rabbits requires a balanced approach. Significant changes must be made in their financial and economic activities. The proposed activities will help bring key indicators of financial activity of industrial rabbit breeding enterprises to the established values, thereby increasing their attractiveness to investors, banks and suppliers of raw materials, which will accelerate the development of the Russian rabbit breeding industry.
Organic agriculture and structural investment: innovative proportions of the food sector
Authors: Lipchenko E A
Published: March 2021

Organic agriculture, ensuring food quality, is under competitive pressure from both high-intensity technologies and environmental requirements. In the agricultural economy, there are significant risks of reducing the investment attractiveness of agriculture, which is slowly but surely being transformed into a certain biochemical corporation. Investments in high-intensity agriculture, a priori having a high return, form a different industry structure from the traditional one and, as a result, a biochemical model of nutrition. It is necessary to establish parameters of structural proportions in the agricultural economy, the achievement of which would ensure the implementation of the strategic goal of food security. In this case, the investment sphere should be supplemented with a structural investment mechanism that will provide monetary resources for the specified structural transformations based on the principles of science-based planning.
Enhancing public-private partnership efficiency by using life cycle contracts: a conceptual approach
Authors: Belyanina I V , Mindlin Yu B , Mityashin G Yu
Published: March 2021

Public-private partnership is a popular form of cooperation between the state and private operators. Thanks to this cooperation both parties can achieve their goals. The state attracts investments into capital-requiring projects while private companies get stable long-term cash flows and good rate of return in combination with law risks.

However, being a form of cooperation of two parties, public-private partnership depends on the quality of organization of this cooperation.

This paper presents an overview of public-private partnership and highlights its advantages for the state, business and the end user. Further, it presents an analysis of the life cycle contract system and identifies the disadvantages of this form of interaction. The authors propose to modernize the system of life cycle contracts through the concept of total cost of ownership. The nature of this concept is explained, its advantages and shortcomings are discussed. The paper provides practical examples and research that substantiate the authors' opinion.
Comparative analysis of country approaches towards the development of oil and gas resources of the Arctic shelf and identification of opportunities of foreign experience application in Russia
Authors: Shiyan S I , Likhacheva O N , Timchuk E V , Shilovich O B , Bedenko D Y
Published: March 2021

For the Russian economy, which is so heavily dependent on energy production, the issue of Arctic development is very important. Practice shows that some countries are successfully producing oil and gas in the northern seas. However, only one field has been put into industrial operation on the Arctic continental shelf in Russia at the moment. Therefore, the analysis of approaches to the development of the Arctic shelf of other countries and the study of foreign experience of state stimulation of investments in the development of Arctic resources are now extremely relevant. At the same time, Norway is most interested, so successfully developing its hydrocarbon-based economy. In addition, Norway has access to the same Arctic sea as Russia and is actively engaged in industrial production in it.
The effect of native strains of nodule bacteria on the development of symbiotic apparatus and on the productivity of new soybean cultivars
Authors: Tilba V A , Makhonin V L , Zelentsov S V
Published: March 2021

In 2018 and 2019, we studied new strains of nodule bacteria of soybean (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) in comparison with the standard (Noktin A) in field experiments on the experimental field of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK), Krasnodar on a leached extra heavy loam and weakly humus chernozem. The new strains were the strain 5/1, isolated from the meadow-chernozem soil of the Amur region and the strain 7p, isolated from the leached chernozem of the Krasnodar region. The aim of the research was to evaluate their effectiveness on promising soybean cultivars Slavia, Bars, Irbis and Opus by their influence on the development of symbiotic apparatus, development of root system and above-ground vegetative mass of plants in the phase of soybean vegetation, flowering and seed-filling, as well as on the seed yield and its quality.

For 2 years, on average, all strains to varying degrees contributed to a more intensive development of a root system and an increase of above-ground mass of soybean plants at the beginning of the growth season. We observed the maximum increase in biomass by the seedfilling phase in the Bars cultivar with strains 5/1 and in the standard – by 45 and 48 %, respectively. However, the Slavia cultivar with bacterization variants in this phase had less dry above-ground plants mass than the control, by 30-51 %.

Overall, the bacterization provided an increase in soybean productivity but to varying degrees by year and with different combinations of symbiotic partners (soybean cultivar – rhizobia strain). We observed the highest increase in seed productivity in Slavia and Opus cultivars: on average over 2 years - by 0.17-0.27 t/ha (8.7-13.0 %) and by 0.06-0.35 t/ha (2.6-15.1 %), respectively. The cultivars Bars and Irbis were less responsive to bacterization. We noted a certain cultivar-strain relation of preliminary complementary pairs: the Slavia cultivar – strains 5/1 and 7p; the Bars cultivar – strain 5/1; the Irbis cultivar – strains 5/1 and the standard; the Opus cultivar – strains 7p and the standard.
Analysis of indicators of food security and import substitution based on the methods of economic and mathematical modeling
Authors: Antamoshkina E N , Rogachev A F
Published: March 2021

The paper assesses the indicators of import substitution of food products in the Russian Federation. Data on the dynamics of food imports to the territory of the Russian Federation, the volume of production of the main types of import-substituting food products in Russia and the regions of the South federal district (SFD) are analyzed. Groups of indicators of food security in the context of implementation of import substitution policy are analyzed on the example of the regions of SFD. For this purpose, the author uses the method of analysis and integrated assessment of food security, taking into account the indicators of economic and physical availability of food, food self-sufficiency. Based on the analysis, it was found that there is a steady increase in the production of import-substituting food products, in particular dairy and meat products, while the share of imported products on the Russian food market is decreasing. The effectiveness of the import substitution policy is determined by a set of measures to develop the infrastructure of the agricultural sector and the food market, technical modernization of agricultural enterprises through the implementation of state programs for the purchase of agricultural machinery and equipment. As promising area of research and development of assessment models, we recommend methods of fuzzy economic and mathematical modeling that will optimize and improve the effectiveness of food security assessment.
Waste-free fungi production in the Russian Federation
Authors: Devochkina N L , Ivanova M I , Nurmetov R D , Dugunieva L G
Published: March 2021

Due to their pleasant taste, high protein levels, and tonic and medicinal value, fungi are clearly one of the world’s largest untapped resources of nutritious and delicious food for humanity. Different types of fungi have different abilities to use substrates. This depends on the specific enzymes secreted by the individual fungus. Commercially cultivated fungi show different abilities to use different lignocellulolytic substances as a substrate for growth and formation of fruit bodies. Fungi growing fits perfectly into the production line with such branches of agriculture as crop production and animal husbandry, as in its technological process it uses raw materials that are waste from these branches of agricultural production, disposes of them and gets a cost-effective output of food-valuable and environmentally friendly products.
Uncertainty and risks in the economic efficiency of protected ground vegetable production
Authors: Razin A F , Meshcheryakova R A , Nurmetov R Dzh , Razin O A , Lebedeva N N
Published: March 2021

The development of protected soil is one of the priorities of state policy in the agricultural sector of the economy. By the end of 2020, it was planned to meet the needs of the national market in cucumbers and 70-80% in tomatoes. Growing vegetables is associated with a huge number of factors that have both positive and negative effects in the form of economic, political, natural, demographic, organizational, technical and other risks. At the planning stage, so-called preparatory risks are possible, followed by construction, environmental and production risks that lead to higher project costs, increased capital investment and operating costs. In modern conditions, production risks are particularly high. Therefore, production activities have become the most risky. The description of the most characteristic signs of risks and possible ways to manage them is given. It is important to identify risks in a timely manner and take appropriate measures. Risk management is possible at the state and enterprise levels.
Corporate sustainable growth models: the impact of capital structure
Authors: Badokina E A , Ilyina L I , Shvetsova I N , Nekrasova G A , Mokieva A S
Published: March 2021

The key internal aim of each corporation is to reach the sustainable development for the long period of time. Capital structure is the one of the financial factors influenced on the sustainable growth of the corporations. The research is based on the hypothesis of the obvious impact of the capital structure on the sustainable growth of the corporation and is devoted to the issue of the corporate governance based on the models of sustainable growth in the case of manipulating the capital structure of corporations. The study is based on public financial statements of 50 Russian corporations - participants in the financial market for 2012-2018 years and is based on the use of the most well – known models of sustainable growth. It is established that by changing the share of borrowed capital in its total value, and using the mechanism of influence of factors of a certain model, make the right managerial financial decision, leading to its sustainable growth will be made by the management team of the corporation. At the same time, important factors influencing the choice of capital structure are as follows: industry, financial stability, the balance between the rate of accumulation and amount of dividend payments, reasonable borrowing at a high level of risk.
Main factors of scientific and technical development of Russian agricultural industries
Authors: Sandu I S , Nechaev V I , Chukin F S
Published: March 2021

The modern world market for agricultural products is a highly competitive environment and requires suppliers to improve constantly the quality of products and the efficiency of production processes. This becomes possible by using the achievements of scientific and technological progress in production. Scientific and technical development of the agricultural sector, first of all, implies the technical and technological renewal of economic entities and the introduction of knowledgeintensive forms of labor organization, management, marketing, etc. Such modernization has a positive impact on the resource intensity and development of means of production, increases the economic potential of farmers and improves the characteristics of products. Moreover, the results of scientific progress contribute to solving socio-economic problems facing society. The combination of factors of scientific and technological development determines the pace, volume and depth of dissemination of research results in the industry. Consistent and rational interaction between science and the production sector, taking into account the variety of factors of scientific and technological development, will allow solving such strategic tasks of the agricultural sector as the emergence and growth of national production of certain types of agricultural products, and ensuring food security of the country. The relevance of the study of the above-mentioned processes is supplemented by the moral and physical obsolescence of the material and technical base of the Russian agro-industrial complex and the weak innovative activity of farmers. The paper will review the list of key factors of scientific and technical development of the agro-industrial complex and analyze the results of innovative activities in the industry.
Material and technical base of agriculture of the Krasnodar territory: composition, state and prospects of development
Authors: Sayfetdinov A R
Published: March 2021

The author’s scheme of the system of resource potential of agricultural production is justified, in which the place and role of its material and technical base are determined. The analysis of the provision of agricultural producers of the Krasnodar territory with land resources, structures for various purposes, machinery, equipment, and the main types of farm animals and poultry is performed. The trends in the development of technical base of crop production in the region, including the formation of combine hi-tech fleet by private producers, increase the proportion of tractors with a high power class and a tilling machines operating, vehicle equipment with sensors and attachments that allow performing elements of precision agriculture technology. An extremely low level of development of the material and technical base of animal husbandry was established and directions for its improvement was identified.
Land potential of the region – the basis of economic development
Authors: Klimova S P , Polukhin A A , Titkov A A
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the study of the land potential of the Smolensk region is due to the lack of strict accounting of agricultural land and its assessment. The paper analyzes the composition and structure of the land fund. This paper deals with current problems of agricultural land use. Based on statistical data, the analysis of the land potential of the Smolensk region was carried out. The calculation of the number and total area of land plots, the cadastral value of which is higher than the average value by 10 and 30% for each municipal district in the Smolensk region. The total area of agricultural land plots that meets the requirements of the country’s legislation on classifying them as particularly valuable land for agricultural production, the use of which is restricted for other purposes, is determined. Based on the obtained data, the reasons for the lack of reliable information about the area and cadastral value of agricultural land are highlighted. The assessment of this category of land for municipalities of the Smolensk region was carried out on the basis of the current cadastral assessment. Proposals and recommendations for classifying agricultural land as particularly valuable land at cadastral value are formulated.
Key directions for improving the efficiency of leguminous crops cultivation
Authors: Polukhin A A , Bobkova J An , Sycheva I V , Golovina L A
Published: March 2021

Modern agricultural science pays more and more attention to methods of ecologization and biologization of agriculture, because these methods can be a solution to reduce the anthropogenic load on agricultural landscapes and allow getting environmentally friendly products. The cultivation of legumes itself is already a powerful factor of biologization, allowing to accumulate biological nitrogen in the soil, and the use of a complex of biological stimulants and microfertilizers is an important reserve for increasing the yield and quality of legumes. The paper is devoted to improving the economic efficiency of leguminous crops (for example, peas) by applying innovative approaches to the treatment of crops with biological growth stimulators. The objects of research are peas of the Estafeta and Spartak varieties zoned for the Oryol region, selected by the FSBSI FSC LGC. The following preparations of JSC “Shchelkovo Agrochim” were used for the scientific experiment: Scarlet fungicide mordant, Biostim Start amino acid biological stimulator, Biostim oil fertilizer with microelements, and Intermag Profi multicomponent microfertilizer. It was found that the use of biological preparations for pea vegetation in the 6-7 leaf phase in the future has a positive effect on the equalization of crops by 40-54%, depending on the variant and variety; promotes the stimulation of nodule formation in experimental variants; increases the biological yield and quality indicators of the obtained pea seeds. The cost estimation of additional costs for biologization of the production process is given, as well as the economic feasibility of developing such innovations on the example of peas. The work was carried out within the framework of the research topic: “Creation of new genotypes of grain legumes with high productivity, grain quality, increased resistance to the most dangerous diseases and abiotic factors” (No 0636-2019-000 9).