bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation for Some Plant Extracts in Conjunction with Pharmacological Mechanism Prediction: Insights into Potential Therapeutic Applications in Dyslipidemia and Obesity
Authors: Ilie Elena Iuliana , Popescu Liliana , Luță Emanuela-Alice , Biță Andrei , Corbu Alexandru Radu , Mihai Dragoș Paul , Pogan Ana Corina , Balaci Teodora Dalila , Mincă Alexandru , Duțu Ligia Elena , Olaru Octavian Tudorel , Boscencu Rica , Gîrd Cerasela Elena
Published: June 2024

Lipid metabolism dysregulation can lead to dyslipidemia and obesity, which are major causes of cardiovascular disease and associated mortality worldwide. The purpose of the study was to obtain and characterize six plant extracts (ACE—Allii cepae extractum; RSE—Rosmarini extractum; CHE—Cichorii extractum; CE—Cynarae extractum; AGE—Apii graveolentis extractum; CGE—Crataegi extractum) as promising adjuvant therapies for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia and its related metabolic diseases. Phytochemical screening revealed that RSE was the richest extract in total polyphenols (39.62 ± 13.16 g tannic acid/100 g dry extract) and phenolcarboxylic acids (22.05 ± 1.31 g chlorogenic acid/100 g dry extract). Moreover, the spectrophotometric chemical profile highlighted a significant concentration of flavones for CGE (5.32 ± 0.26 g rutoside/100 g dry extract), in contrast to the other extracts. UHPLC-MS quantification detected considerable amounts of phenolic constituents, especially chlorogenic acid in CGE (187.435 ± 1.96 mg/g extract) and rosmarinic acid in RSE (317.100 ± 2.70 mg/g extract). Rosemary and hawthorn extracts showed significantly stronger free radical scavenging activity compared to the other plant extracts (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis and the heatmap correlation matrix indicated significant correlations between phytochemical contents and in vitro antioxidant activities. Computational studies were performed to investigate the potential anti-obesity mechanism of the studied extracts using target prediction, homology modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics approaches. Our study revealed that rosmarinic acid (RA) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) can form stable complexes with the active site of carbonic anhydrase 5A by either interacting with the zinc-bound catalytic water molecule or by directly binding Zn2+. Further studies are warranted to experimentally validate the predicted CA5A inhibitory activities of RA and CGA and to investigate the hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of the proposed plant extracts in animal models of dyslipidemia and obesity.
S-Nitroso Human Serum Albumin Enhances Left Ventricle Hemodynamic Performance and Reduces Myocardial Damage after Local Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Linardi Daniele , Hallström Seth , Luciani Giovanni Battista , Rungatscher Alessio
Published: June 2024

Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production is crucial in maintaining vascular homeostasis. However, in the context of ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) can exacerbate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Supplementation with S-nitroso human serum albumin (S-NO-HSA) offers a potential solution by mitigating eNOS uncoupling, thereby enhancing NO bioavailability. In a study conducted at the University of Verona, male rats underwent thoracotomy followed by 30 min left anterior descendant coronary (LAD) occlusion and subsequent reperfusion. Hemodynamic parameters were meticulously assessed using a conductance catheter inserted via the carotid artery. The rats were stratified into two main groups based on reperfusion duration and the timing of drug infusion, with the effects of S-NO-HSA evaluated after 2 or 24 h. Remarkably, intravenous administration of S-NO-HSA, initiated before or during ischemia, exhibited notable benefits. It significantly improved left ventricular function, safeguarded energetic substrates such as phosphocreatine and ATP, and sustained glutathione levels akin to basal conditions, indicative of diminished oxidative stress. The data from this study strongly suggest a protective role for S-NO-HSA in mitigating I/R injury induced by LAD artery occlusion, a phenomenon observed at both 2 and 24 h post-reperfusion. These findings underscore the promising therapeutic potential of NO supplementation in alleviating myocardial damage subsequent to ischemic insult.
The Sublingual Microcirculation in Critically Ill Children with Septic Shock Undergoing Hemoadsorption: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bottari Gabriella , Confalone Valerio , Creteur Jacques , Cecchetti Corrado , Taccone Fabio Silvio
Published: June 2024

Background: The importance of perfusion-guided resuscitation in septic shock has recently emerged. We explored whether the use of hemoadsorption led to a potential beneficial role in microvascular alterations in this clinical setting. Methods: A pre-planned secondary analysis of a Phase-II interventional single-arm pilot study (NCT05658588) was carried out, where 17 consecutive septic shock children admitted into PICU were treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and CytoSorb. Thirteen patients were eligible to be investigated with sublingual microcirculation at baseline, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h from the onset of blood purification. Patients achieving a microvascular flow index (MFI) ≥ 2.5 and/or proportion of perfused vessels (PPV) exceeding 90% by 96 h were defined as responders. Results: In 10/13 (77%), there was a significant improvement in MFIs (p = 0.01) and PPVs% (p = 0.04) between baseline and 24 h from the end of treatment. Eight patients displayed a high heterogenicity index (HI > 0.5) during blood purification and among these, five showed an improvement by the end of treatment (HI < 0.5). Conclusions: In this pilot study, we have found a potential association between CytoSorb hemoadsorption and a microcirculation improvement in pediatric patients with septic shock, particularly when this observation has been associated with hemodynamic improvement.
Spontaneous Reduction in the Intermetatarsal Angle in Distal First Metatarsal Osteotomies with No Lateral Head Displacement in Hallux Valgus
Authors: Coillard Jean-Yves , Rey Romain , Civinini Alessandro , Billuart Fabien , Schmidt Eli , de Cesar Netto Cesar , Sacco Riccardo , Lalevée Matthieu
Published: June 2024

Background: The outcomes of first metatarsal (M1) distal osteotomies in hallux valgus (HV) can be improved, especially for intermetatarsal angle (IMA) correction, which is mainly based on lateral displacement of the M1 head (i.e., translation) through the osteotomy. Conversely, there is a spontaneous reduction in the IMA in first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP1) arthrodesis. But we do not know whether this can be applied to distal osteotomies. We propose a distal osteotomy, called 3D chevron, which combines supination and varization of the M1 head. This might realign soft tissues around the MTP1, potentially leading to a spontaneous reduction in the IMA by an analogous mechanism to MTP1 fusion. Therefore, our study aimed to assess whether spontaneous reductions in IMAs exist in distal M1 osteotomies in the absence of lateral translations of M1 heads. Methods: A prospective continuous series of 25 3D chevrons was performed. Two groups were formed during surgery. Patients requiring no M1 head lateral displacement were included in the “successful correction without translation” group, and patients requiring M1 head lateral displacement were included in the “failed correction without translation” group. Radiographic analysis was performed preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively. Results: Twenty-two women and three men, with a mean age of 44.8 ± 14.2 years and a mean body mass index of 22.6 ± 4.1 kg/m2, underwent follow-up at one year after surgery. The “successful correction without translation” group was composed of HV with milder deformities (13/25 HVs, median preoperative IMA = 13 (IQR 2)) compared to the “failed correction without translation” group (median IMA = 16 (IQR 2.25) p < 0.001). Spontaneous reductions in IMAs were observed in the “successful correction without translation” group, with a median decrease in the IMA of 6 degrees (CI95%[5.5; 8.0]; p < 0.001) between preoperative and 1-year radiographs. Conclusion: Distal osteotomies allow for spontaneous reduction in the IMA in HV. First metatarsal head translation through an osteotomy should not be considered as the only procedure to correct IMAs in distal osteotomies.
Suppressing Pro-Apoptotic Proteins by siRNA in Corneal Endothelial Cells Protects against Cell Death
Authors: Staehlke Susanne , Mahajan Siddharth , Thieme Daniel , Trosan Peter , Fuchsluger Thomas A.
Published: June 2024

Corneal endothelial cells (CE) are critical for the cornea’s transparency. For severe corneal damage, corneal tissue transplantation is the most promising option for restoring vision. However, CE apoptotic cell death occurs during the storage of donor corneas for transplantation. This study used small interfering (si)RNA-mediated silencing of pro-apoptotic proteins as a novel strategy to protect CE against apoptosis. Therefore, the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak were silenced in the human corneal endothelial cell line (HCEC-12) by transfection with Accell™siRNA without any adverse effects on cell viability. When apoptosis was induced, e.g., etoposide, the caspase-3 activity and Annexin V-FITC/PI assay indicated a significantly reduced apoptosis rate in Bax+Bak-siRNA transfected HCECs compared to control (w/o siRNA). TUNEL assay in HCECs exposed also significantly lower cell death in Bax+Bak-siRNA (7.5%) compared to control (w/o siRNA: 32.8%). In ex vivo donor corneas, a significant reduction of TUNEL-positive CEs in Bax+Bak-siRNA corneas (8.1%) was detectable compared to control-treated corneas (w/o siRNA: 27.9%). In this study, we demonstrated that suppressing pro-apoptotic siRNA leads to inhibiting CE apoptosis. Gene therapy with siRNA may open a new translational approach for corneal tissue treatment in the eye bank before transplantation, leading to graft protection and prolonged graft survival.
SAFEvR MentalVeRse.app: Development of a Free Immersive Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Acrophobia and Claustrophobia
Authors: Gaina Marcel-Alexandru , Sbarcea Stefan-Vladimir , Popa Bianca-Stefana , Stefanescu Bogdan-Victor , Gaina Alexandra-Maria , Szalontay Andreea-Silvana , Bolos Alexandra , Stefanescu Cristinel
Published: June 2024

Background: Specific phobias impact over 400 million people worldwide. Digitalizing mental health could alleviate the burden. Still, although the corporate-driven Metaverse is expanding rapidly, there needs to be more momentum in harnessing virtual reality exposure therapy uptake. Objective: This study aims to conceptualize, develop, and deploy a free Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) application specifically designed for treating acrophobia and claustrophobia. This pilot study, which holds the promise of a future where mental health is more accessible and effective, explores the feasibility of leveraging transdisciplinary collaboration among specialists to create a safe, accessible, and effective VRET solution. Methods: We conducted a Delphi heuristic approach involving bioethicists, neuroscientists, and tech developers. Second, we reviewed the existing psychological theories and therapeutic strategies for addressing phobias in VR. Third, we conceptualized a thematic analysis-derived framework for a safe, adaptive-gamified free exposure to virtual reality acrophobia and claustrophobia (SAFEvR ACT). Finally, we provide an overview of the iterative improvements made during 12 workshops and 76 weekly briefings on developmental implementations. Results: We developed the SAFEvR ACT into a proof-of-concept application freely deployed on the MentalVerse app platform. Our safety-focused approach can benefit from prevalidation perspectives within future randomized control trials. Conclusions: The resulting application derived from the SAFEvR ACT framework represents a blueprint to counter the current lack of iVR mental health uptake by offering a free VRET alternative. Future research should aim towards developing similar free platforms to lessen mental health burdens and gather quantitative data. We conclude with a call to action to researchers to fine-tune our current approach and take a stand for free digital mental health within MentalVeRse.app.
Highly Porous Cellulose-Based Carbon Fibers as Effective Adsorbents for Chlorpyrifos Removal: Insights and Applications
Authors: Tasić Tamara , Milanković Vedran , Unterweger Christoph , Fürst Christian , Breitenbach Stefan , Pašti Igor A. , Lazarević-Pašti Tamara
Published: June 2024

The extensive utilization of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos, combined with its acute neurotoxicity, necessitates the development of effective strategies for its environmental removal. While numerous methods have been explored for chlorpyrifos removal from water, adsorption is the most promising. We investigated the potential of two cellulose-derived porous carbons as adsorbents for chlorpyrifos removal from water, prepared by either CO2 or H2O activation, resulting in similar morphologies and porosities but different amounts of heteroatom functionalities. The kinetics of batch adsorption removal from water fits well with the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models for both materials. The Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Sips isotherm models described the process of chlorpyrifos adsorption very well in all investigated cases. The maximum adsorption capacity determined from the Sips isotherm model gave values of 80.8 ± 0.1 mg g−1 and 132 ± 3 mg g−1 for the H2O and CO2 activated samples, respectively, reflecting the samples’ differences in heteroatom functionalities. Additionally, the application of either adsorbent led to reduced toxicity levels in all tested samples, implying that no harmful by-products were generated during adsorption. Comparative analysis with the existing literature further validates the study’s findings, suggesting the efficacy and applicability of cellulose-based porous carbons for sustainable chlorpyrifos remediation.
Cell State Transition Models Stratify Breast Cancer Cell Phenotypes and Reveal New Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Rukhlenko Oleksii S. , Imoto Hiroaki , Tambde Ayush , McGillycuddy Amy , Junk Philipp , Tuliakova Anna , Kolch Walter , Kholodenko Boris N.
Published: June 2024

Understanding signaling patterns of transformation and controlling cell phenotypes is a challenge of current biology. Here we applied a cell State Transition Assessment and Regulation (cSTAR) approach to a perturbation dataset of single cell phosphoproteomic patterns of multiple breast cancer (BC) and normal breast tissue-derived cell lines. Following a separation of luminal, basal, and normal cell states, we identified signaling nodes within core control networks, delineated causal connections, and determined the primary drivers underlying oncogenic transformation and transitions across distinct BC subtypes. Whereas cell lines within the same BC subtype have different mutational and expression profiles, the architecture of the core network was similar for all luminal BC cells, and mTOR was a main oncogenic driver. In contrast, core networks of basal BC were heterogeneous and segregated into roughly four major subclasses with distinct oncogenic and BC subtype drivers. Likewise, normal breast tissue cells were separated into two different subclasses. Based on the data and quantified network topologies, we derived mechanistic cSTAR models that serve as digital cell twins and allow the deliberate control of cell movements within a Waddington landscape across different cell states. These cSTAR models suggested strategies of normalizing phosphorylation networks of BC cell lines using small molecule inhibitors.
The Significant Associations between Epigenetic Clocks and Bladder Cancer Risks
Authors: Deng Yang , Tsai Chia-Wen , Chang Wen-Shin , Xu Yifan , Huang Maosheng , Bau Da-Tian , Gu Jian
Published: June 2024

Bladder cancer is an age-related disease, with over three-quarters of cases occurring in individuals aged 65 years and older. Accelerated biological aging has been linked to elevated cancer risks. Epigenetic clocks serve as excellent predictors of biological age, yet it remains unclear whether they are associated with bladder cancer risk. In this large case–control study, we assessed the associations between four well-established epigenetic clocks—HannumAge, HorvathAge, GrimAge, and PhenoAge—and bladder cancer risk. Utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which were identified in a genome-wide association study (GWAS), linked to these clocks as instruments, we constructed a weighted genetic risk score (GRS) for each clock. We discovered that higher HannumAge and HorvathAge GRS were significantly associated with increased bladder cancer risk (OR = 1.69 per SD increase, 95% CI, 1.44–1.98, p = 1.56 × 10−10 and OR = 1.09 per SD increase, 95% CI, 1.00–1.19, p = 0.04, respectively). Employing a summary statistics-based Mendelian randomization (MR) method, inverse-variance weighting (IVW), we found consistent risk estimates for bladder cancer with both HannumAge and HorvathAge. Sensitivity analyses using weighted median analysis and MR-Egger regression further supported the validity of the IVW method. However, GrimAge and PhenoAge were not associated with bladder cancer risk. In conclusion, our data provide the first evidence that accelerated biological aging is associated with elevated bladder cancer risk.
Optimizing Choice of Skin Surrogates for Surface-Guided Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy of Lung Lesions Using Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography
Authors: Leipold Vanda , Alerić Ivana , Mlinarić Mihaela , Kosmina Domagoj , Stanić Fran , Kasabašić Mladen , Štimac Damir , Kaučić Hrvoje , Ursi Giovanni , Schwarz Karla , Nikolić Igor , Klapan Denis , Schwarz Dragan
Published: June 2024

Image-guided radiotherapy supported by surface guidance can help to track lower lung lesions’ respiratory motion while reducing a patient’s exposure to ionizing radiation. However, it is not always clear how the skin’s respiratory motion magnitude and its correlation with the lung lesion’s respiratory motion vary between different skin regions of interest (ROI). Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) images provide information on both the skin and lung respiratory motion and are routinely acquired for the purpose of treatment planning in our institution. An analysis of 4DCT images for 57 patients treated in our institution has been conducted to provide information on the respiratory motion magnitudes of nine skin ROIs of the torso, a tracking structure (TS) representing a lower lung lobe lesion, as well as the respiratory motion correlations between the nine ROIs and the TS. The effects of gender and the adipose tissue volume and distribution on these correlations and magnitudes have been analyzed. Significant differences between the ROIs in both the respiratory motion magnitudes and their correlations with the TS have been detected. An overall negative correlation between the ROI respiratory magnitudes and the adipose tissue has been detected for ROIs with rib cage support. A weak to moderate negative correlation between the adipose tissue volume and ROI-to-TS respiratory correlations has been detected for upper thorax ROIs. The respiratory magnitudes in regions without rib support tend to be larger for men than for women, but no differences in the ROI-to-TS correlation between sexes have been detected. The described findings should be considered when choosing skin surrogates for lower lung lesion motion management.
Utility of the Post-Reflux Swallow-Induced Peristaltic Wave Index and Mean Nocturnal Baseline Impedance for the Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Phenotypes in Children
Authors: Pop Radu Samuel , Pop Daniela , Chiperi Lăcrămioara Eliza , Nechita Vlad-Ionuț , Man Sorin Claudiu , Dumitrașcu Dan Lucian
Published: June 2024

(1) Objectives: Assessment of novel impedance parameters such as the post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) index and mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) have been proposed to enhance the accuracy of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) diagnosis. We aimed to evaluate the clinical value of MNBI and the PSPW index in discerning different phenotypes of GERD in children. (2) Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational study that included 49 children aged 5–18 years, referred for MII-pH monitoring due to negative endoscopy and persisting gastroesophageal reflux symptoms despite acid-suppressant treatment. The PSPW index and MNBI were assessed along with conventional metrics. (3) Results: Using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, MNBI (AUC 0.864) and the PSPW index (AUC 0.83) had very good performance in differentiating between non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) and functional phenotypes. The PSPW index (AUC 0.87) discriminated better between functional heartburn (FH) and reflux hypersensitivity (RH) compared to the MNBI (AUC 0.712). A PSPW cut-off value of 65% provided a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 90% in distinguishing FH and RH. The PSPW index (AUC 0.87) proved to have better performance than the MNBI (AUC 0.802) in differentiating between FH and non-FH patients. MNBI diagnosed FH with a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 80.6% at a cut-off value of 2563 Ω. (4) Conclusions: The PSPW index and MNBI are useful to distinguish between GERD phenotypes in pediatric patients.
Correction: Klain et al. The Prevention of House Dust Mite Allergies in Pediatric Asthma. Children 2024, 11, 469
Authors: Klain Angela , Senatore Antonio Andrea , Licari Amelia , Galletta Francesca , Bettini Irene , Tomei Leonardo , Manti Sara , Mori Francesca , Miraglia del Giudice Michele , Indolfi Cristiana
Published: June 2024

There was an error in the original publication [...]
The Impact of Dietary Habits on Sleep Deprivation and Glucose Control in School-Aged Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Askin Ceran Merve , Keser Muteber Gizem , Bektas Murat , Unusan Nurhan , Selver Eklioglu Beray
Published: June 2024

Diet plays a crucial role in managing type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Background/Objectives:This study aimed to determine the impact of nutritional habits on sleep deprivation and glucose control in school-aged children with T1DM. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, nutritional habits and sleep deprivation were assessed in 100 school-aged children with T1DM, aged 7–13 years. The Dietary Habits Index and the Sleep Deprivation Scale for Children and Adolescents were used to evaluate nutritional habits and the level of sleep deprivation. Patients’ sociodemographic and nutritional variables were collected through researcher-composed questionnaires. HbA1c levels over the past 6 months were obtained from the patient data system. Results: The study found a moderately strong positive correlation between the Dietary Habits Index score and HbA1c (p < 0.001), with 28% of the variation in HbA1c explained by changes in the Dietary Habits Index score. However, no correlation was found between the Dietary Habits Index score and the level of sleep deprivation. Conclusions: The nutritional habits of school-aged children with T1DM may affect glucose control and sleep deprivation. Therefore, it is important to educate children with T1DM on making healthy food choices to manage their condition effectively.
The Impact of Parents’ Subjective Preparedness on Their Children’s Post-Traumatic Symptoms Following Surgery
Authors: Benarroch Fortu , Kapel Lev-Ari Rony , Ben-Ari Amichai
Published: June 2024

The role of parental factors in the emergence of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs) following pediatric surgeries is well recognized, but the specific influence of parents’ subjective preparedness for their child’s surgery has not been explored. In a study involving 253 children hospitalized in a pediatric surgery ward, parents completed a demographic questionnaire during their child’s stay, which included the question, “As a parent, have you been prepared for the surgical intervention your child is undergoing?” Four months post-surgery, the same parents were interviewed using two questionnaires that evaluated their children’s post-traumatic symptoms. Our findings indicate that in emergency surgical settings, children whose parents felt prepared experienced significantly fewer PTSSs compared to children whose parents did not feel prepared. In contrast, for elective surgeries, parental subjective perception of preparedness did not significantly impact the children’s PTSSs. We conclude that for emergency surgical procedures, addressing parents’ subjective preparedness could be crucial. Further research is necessary to develop targeted interventions that leverage this insight to minimize the risk of PTSSs in children undergoing emergency surgeries.
Who Benefits Most from the Family Education and Support Program in Cape Verde? A Cluster Analysis
Authors: Correia Adriana , Martins Cátia , Santos Rita dos , Hidalgo Victoria , Jesus Saúl Neves de , Nunes Cristina
Published: June 2024

Background/Objectives: Child parenting programs can enhance parental skills, prevent future issues in child development, and improve children’s quality of life. The present research aimed to study the changes promoted by the Family Education and Support Program (FAF) implemented in Cape Verde, regarding parental educational practices, perceived parental efficacy, and attitudes and beliefs of Cape Verdean parents. Methods: To this end, 37 participants were evaluated through a pretest-postest design. The evaluated dimensions were perceived parental competence, parenting practices, Parental attitudes and beliefs, mental health and perceived child quality of life. Results: A cluster analysis was conducted, distinguishing two groups. Both groups benefited from the program. Cluster 1 reported more significant gains in dimensions of parental efficacy and satisfaction, inadequate expectations, affection and support, and reactivity, while cluster 2 showed a greater difference in regulation and reactivity. Conclusions: Overall, the FAF intervention contributed to an increase in positive parenting practices. By analyzing potential underlying profiles in the change process, this study suggests that there are participants who benefit more than others from the intervention, and this information may be relevant for professionals and researchers in the field.
A Systematic Review of Telehealth Utilization for Bowel Management Programs in Pediatric Colorectal Surgery
Authors: Bokova Elizaveta , Elhalaby Ismael , Saylors Seth , Lim Irene Isabel P. , Rentea Rebecca M.
Published: June 2024

Recent advancements in pediatric surgery have embraced telehealth (TH) modalities, transitioning from traditional in-person consultations to virtual care. This shift has broadened access to healthcare, potentially enhancing affordability, patient and caregiver satisfaction, and clinical outcomes. In pediatric colorectal surgery, telehealth has been effectively utilized to support Bowel Management Programs (BMPs) for children suffering from constipation and fecal incontinence. A systematic review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of virtual BMPs, analyzing studies from January 2010 to December 2023, sourced from MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, and the Cochrane Library, with five studies included. Remote BMPs, implemented through video or telephone consultations, reported satisfaction rates exceeding 75% among families, indicating a strong preference for virtual interactions over traditional visits. Significant findings from the studies include improvements in Vancouver and Baylor scores, reductions in the duration of multidisciplinary consultations, enhancements in pediatric quality of life and Cleveland scores, and decreased frequency of laxative treatments. The implementation of TH has facilitated patient-led care, enabling timely adjustments in treatment and efficient distribution of medical supplies. The findings suggest that virtual BMPs are a viable and effective alternative to conventional approaches, yielding high caregiver satisfaction and superior clinical outcomes while promoting patient independence.
Duplex Surface Modification of M2 High-Speed Steel
Authors: Ormanova Maria , Kotlarski Georgi , Dechev Dimitar , Ivanov Nikolay , Stoyanov Borislav , Valkov Stefan
Published: June 2024

In this investigation, a duplex surface modification of M2 high-speed steel (HSS) was demonstrated, including electron beam treatment (EBT) followed by a tungsten nitride (WN) coating deposition. The influence of the EBT of the substrate on the functional properties of the film was also studied. The phase composition of the EBT sample consists of Fe (the main element in the M2 HSS), as well as MC and M6C carbides, while the phase composition of the EBT + WN sample consists of the α’-Fe, M6C, and WN phases. The depth of the treated zone is about 20 μm, and the thickness of the WN coating is about 300 nm in all cases. The hardness of the coating deposited on the EBT substrate is 12.4 GPa, while that of the WN film deposited on the untreated substrate is 8.8 GPa. The application of the electron beam treatment procedure and deposition of WN film leads to an improvement in the tribological properties where the coefficient of friction decreases from 0.81 to 0.66. However, the same coating deposited on untreated substrate exhibits even less friction coefficient values of 0.54. The applied modification technique suggests that this is a viable method for improving the mechanical and tribological properties of the surface of tool steels and, thus, their longevity and applicability.
Energy Storage Performance of (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 Relaxor Ferroelectric Film
Authors: Liu Xuxia , Yao Yao , Wang Xiaofei , Zhao Lei , San Xingyuan
Published: June 2024

The (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 relaxor ferroelectric materials have great potential in high energy storage capacitors due to their small hysteresis, low remanent polarization and high breakdown electric field. In this work, (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 thin films with ~400 nm were prepared on (001) SrTiO3 substrate by pulsed laser deposition technology. The (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 films have good crystallization quality with a dense microstructure and relaxor ferroelectric properties, as confirmed by the elongated hysteresis loops and the relation of ∝Eα. A high Eb of up to 1400 kV/cm is obtained, which contributes to a good Wrec of 24.6 J/cm3 and η of 72% in (Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3 film. In addition, the variations of Wrec and η are less than 4% and 10% in the temperature range of 20–120°C. In the frequency range of 103 Hz–2 × 104 Hz, the variations of Wrec and η are less than 10%. All those reveal the great potential of NBT film for energy storage.
Artificial Intelligence in Plastic Surgery: Advancements, Applications, and Future
Authors: Duong Tran Van , Vy Vu Pham Thao , Hung Truong Nguyen Khanh
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing plastic surgery through its remarkable advancements in various domains such as image analysis, robotic assistance, predictive analytics, and augmented reality. Predictive analytics, powered by AI, harnesses patient data to predict surgical outcomes, minimize risks, and tailor treatment plans, thereby optimizing patient care and safety. Augmented reality and virtual reality technology are also reshaping the cosmetic surgery landscape, providing immersive experiences for preoperative imaging, intraoperative guidance, and advanced skills through simulation. Looking ahead, the future of AI in plastic surgery holds great promise, including personalized medicine, bioprinting of tissues and organs, and continuous learning through iterative improvement algorithms based on real-world surgical experience. However, amid these transformational advances, ethical considerations and regulatory frameworks must evolve to ensure the responsible deployment of AI, protect patient privacy, minimize errors and algorithmic deviation, and uphold standards of fairness and transparency. Our study aims to explore the role of AI in the field of plastic surgery with the potential for the future in mind. In summary, AI is considered a beacon of innovation in plastic surgery, enhancing surgical precision, enhancing patient outcomes, and heralding a future where interventions rely on personalized technology that will redefine the boundaries of aesthetic and regenerative medicine.
Co-Crystallization and Structural Studies of Benzophenone Recognized by Positively Shifted ESPs of Perfluorinated β-Diketonate Complexes (M = Cu, Pd, Pt)
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Ikumura Yoshinori , Lee Chang-Hyoun , Hori Akiko
Published: June 2024

Benzophenone was encapsulated in molecular crystals of fully fluorinated coordination complexes, [ML2] [1, M = Cu2+ and Pd2+, L = bis(pentafluorobenzoyl)-methanido−], forming a unique chiral co-crystal with a ratio of [ML2]:benzophenone = 2:3, while no encapsulation was observed in the corresponding non-fluorinated complexes [M(dbm)2] (dbm = dibenzoylmethanido−). Notable π-hole···π and metal(M)···π interactions were detected between the complex and the adapted orientation of benzophenone in the co-crystals. Analyses from crystal structures and thermogravimetric (TG) results indicated that the encapsulation and thermal stability of benzophenone in these molecular crystals correlate well with the electrophilic characteristics shown by the electrostatic potential (ESP) at the metal centers, which is enhanced by fluorination: Cu2+ > Pd2+ >> Pt2+. The recognition of benzophenone is driven by π-holes created by the electron-withdrawing nature of fluorine atoms and the electron-deficient metal ion enhanced by the aromatic fluorine, demonstrating that the effect of electrostatic molecular recognition is as significant as oxygen coordination, as shown in comparative studies with 1,1-diphenylethylene.
Dynamics of Core–Shell-Structured Sorbents for Enhanced Adsorptive Separation of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Bizon Katarzyna , Gunia Marcin , Prończuk Mateusz
Published: June 2024

One of the key environmental problems underlying climate change and global warming is the persistent increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems can be based on, among others, solid porous sorbents (e.g., zeolites). A promising alternative to traditionally used sorbents may be appropriately structured hybrid adsorbents. With the proper geometry and synergistic combination of the sorbent with another material, e.g., a catalyst or a substance with certain useful physical features, they can gain new properties. The present study examined the dynamics of CO2 sorption in core–shell particles and, as a reference, in particles with a uniform structure. It was assumed that the sorbent (zeolite 5A) incorporated in a single particle had the form of microcrystals, which implies a bidisperse particle structure. As a second particle-forming material, a nickel catalyst (behaving as an inert) was adopted. The computational results confirmed that particle structure can provide an additional design parameter for adsorption columns and adsorptive reactors. The sorption-inactive shell proved to play a protective role when thermal waves moved through the bed. In addition, an important element determining sorption dynamics in core–shell particles was revealed to be the structure (e.g., mean pore diameter) controlling intraparticle mass transport.
Mortality in Amputees with Peripheral Artery Disease during the Post-COVID Era: A Three-Year Analysis
Authors: Kasiri Mohammad Mahdi , Mittlboeck Martina , Gollackner Bernd , Neumayer Christoph
Published: June 2024

Background: Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) have 40–70% higher three-year mortality after lower limb amputation compared to non-amputees. In this study, we examined the consequences of delayed treatment for patients with PAD during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: This study employed a retrospective single-centre cohort design at a large tertiary care hospital. We compared amputees with PAD during the initial COVID-19 outbreak period in 2020 with a control group of amputees from 2019 after a three-year follow-up. Results: In total, 134 amputees with PAD were included due to unsuccessful revascularization (n = 84 in 2020 vs. n = 50 in 2019). Patients in 2020 were significantly younger than those in 2019 (p = 0.01) and mostly admitted with advanced stages of PAD (p < 0.03). The proportion of major limb amputations increased significantly in 2020 (p = 0.03). Non-COVID-19-related deaths among patients in 2020 were more than twice as many as those in 2019, and long-term mortality in 2020 was 49% compared to 39% in 2019 (p = 0.04). Diabetes and renal insufficiency had a significantly negative impact on the survival of amputees with PAD (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Delayed treatment in patients with PAD leads to high long-term mortality risk after amputation, especially in PAD patients with diabetes and renal insufficiency. Therefore, in future pandemics, continuously monitoring patients with PAD will be crucial to prevent delayed treatment and severe short-term and long-term consequences.
A Self-Adaptive Centrality Measure for Asset Correlation Networks
Authors: Bartesaghi Paolo , Clemente Gian Paolo , Grassi Rosanna
Published: June 2024

We propose a new centrality measure based on a self-adaptive epidemic model characterized by an endogenous reinforcement mechanism in the transmission of information between nodes. We provide a strategy to assign to nodes a centrality score that depends, in an eigenvector centrality scheme, on that of all the elements of the network, nodes and edges, connected to it. We parameterize this score as a function of a reinforcement factor, which for the first time implements the intensity of the interaction between the network of nodes and that of the edges. In this proposal, a local centrality measure representing the steady state of a diffusion process incorporates the global information encoded in the whole network. This measure proves effective in identifying the most influential nodes in the propagation of rumors/shocks/behaviors in a social network. In the context of financial networks, it allows us to highlight strategic assets on correlation networks. The dependence on a coupling factor between graph and line graph also enables the different asset responses in terms of ranking, especially on scale-free networks obtained as minimum spanning trees from correlation networks.
The Role of Relational Reciprocity: How Students’ Families Support and Influence Them during the Transition to Higher Education
Authors: Luedke Courtney L. , Contreras-García Nicole , Golden Cherish
Published: June 2024

This work is embedded in a larger qualitative study and uses grounded theory techniques to explore the reciprocal nature of familial relationships for racially and ethnically minoritized students and, in turn, how these relationships impact students’ higher education experience. After analyzing semi-structured interview data using grounded theory approaches like open coding and constant comparison, themes of genuine and resistant reciprocity emerged. The findings showed that genuine familial reciprocity led to positive influences, while resistant reciprocity detracted students from their higher education journeys. Genuine reciprocity covered mutual exchanges that included emotional, temporal, and financial support. Resistant reciprocity centered on familial exchanges that left students feeling obligated to support their family financially and/or temporally. Many students used resistant reciprocity as motivation to persist despite their personal or familial circumstances. These findings contribute to a framework of relational reciprocity for college students and their families. Relational reciprocity illuminates the nature of and types of exchanges that contribute to students’ persistence during higher education, whether propelled by or in spite of them.
Professional Learning for ESL Teachers: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Examine the Impact on Instruction, Collaboration, and Cultural Wealth
Authors: Babinski Leslie M. , Amendum Steven J. , Carrig Madeline M. , Knotek Steven E. , Mann Jennifer C. , Sánchez Marta
Published: June 2024

Using a randomized controlled trial, we examined the impact of a teacher professional learning (PL) program on English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers’ use of evidence-based instructional strategies for multilingual learners, collaboration with classroom teachers, and incorporation of Latino multilingual learners’ cultural wealth into their classrooms. The analyses included 29 ESL teachers from 29 elementary schools in three school districts. The teachers completed pre–post surveys, and trained observers rated classroom instruction and cultural wealth for two cohorts of teachers in the yearlong program. The results showed that the PL program had a significant effect on the ESL teachers’ use of evidence-based instructional strategies. We also found a significant effect on the ESL teachers’ collaboration processes, including their use of an intentional framework for collaboration and their alignment with classroom teachers’ instruction. We did not find significant differences between the PL group and the control group on the ESL teachers’ incorporation of cultural wealth in their classroom environment or on the reported frequency of their collaboration.
Leading Online Professional Development for Instructional Technology Coaches with Effective Design Elements
Authors: Cowart Janet , Jin Yi
Published: June 2024

This single-case study focused on the impact of design elements in online professional development for Instructional Technology Coaches to develop their TPACK. In this study, 30 participants enrolled in an online professional development series of synchronous and asynchronous sessions called Pathways. Ten design elements were implemented including content-focused, active learning, collaboration, modeling, coaching support, feedback, sustained duration and time, reflection, resources, and utilization of technology. Qualitative data were collected from 28 participants’ feedback forms, interviews, and asynchronous assignments. The results showed that all ten design elements were perceived to be beneficial to Instructional Technology Coaches’ learning. However, at the same time, some participants found a few hindrances to their learning from certain aspects of the six design elements. Hindrances in Pathways’ design elements include ineffective modeling, collaboration challenges, off-topic discussions, unfamiliarity with Teams, technical difficulties, insufficient time, and home distractions. These findings emphasize the need for effective collaboration, time allocation, and technical proficiency. The coaches developed their TPACK through Pathways as discovered by the rubric results of the asynchronous assignments. Directions for future research and recommendations for professional development are discussed.
Self-Powered System Development with Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) for Energy Harvesting from Indoor Lighting
Authors: Silva Eder Andrade da , Filho Werner Moreira Chaves , Cavallari Marco Roberto , Ando Junior Oswaldo Hideo
Published: June 2024

The increase in demand for electricity due to industrial development and the growing use of electronic equipment has led to the need for new alternative energy sources, such as photovoltaic solar energy conversion. In this context, organic photovoltaic (OPV) stands out as an efficient way of generating energy indoors. An electrical power supply system (EPS) was developed to power a commercial electronic lock, using OPV as the energy source. The system was designed with a charging control to match the panel voltage to a supercapacitor charge accumulator and a boost converter. Tests on the bench and in a real scenario demonstrated the viability and effectiveness of the system, showing that it is capable of operating self-sufficiently with a minimum daily illuminance of 250 lux for 12 h. The results indicate that the system can be applied to various loads with low energy consumption, promoting energy efficiency in different contexts.
Assessment of the Winding Mechanical Condition Based on Transformer Vibration during Transient Processes
Authors: Yuan Yao , Zhao Jiafeng , Hong Kaixing , Wang Ning , Zheng Jing
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes an operation modal analysis (OMA)-based approach to obtain a transformer’s mechanical condition from vibrations during the transformer’s transient processes, such as short-circuit and power-off conditions. Such processes generate a short transient vibration response, which yields a spectrum with poor frequency resolution. Vibration before the transient process could be included to increase the signal length; however, this would introduce a forced vibration component into the spectrum, making it challenging to distinguish the modal frequencies. To overcome these problems, a time–frequency analysis-based algorithm is proposed to extract the modal frequency spectrum from the vibration signal with the high-frequency resolution, providing clearer insight into the mechanical condition of the transformer. A faulty-state indicator is then proposed based on the similarity between the extracted modal spectrum and the initial modal spectrum obtained under a healthy state. To validate the proposed method, laboratory experiments were conducted under short-circuit and power-off conditions. Two mechanical faults—the looseness of the winding clamping and winding deformation—are introduced. The results show that both faults will cause variations in the modal frequency spectrum, leading to significant decreases in the indicator value. In summary, the proposed method can effectively evaluate a transformer’s mechanical condition in an OMA setting.
LiDAR Point Cloud Super-Resolution Reconstruction Based on Point Cloud Weighted Fusion Algorithm of Improved RANSAC and Reciprocal Distance
Authors: Yang Xiaoping , Ni Ping , Li Zhenhua , Liu Guanghui
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes a point-by-point weighted fusion algorithm based on an improved random sample consensus (RANSAC) and inverse distance weighting to address the issue of low-resolution point cloud data obtained from light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors and single technologies. By fusing low-resolution point clouds with higher-resolution point clouds at the data level, the algorithm generates high-resolution point clouds, achieving the super-resolution reconstruction of lidar point clouds. This method effectively reduces noise in the higher-resolution point clouds while preserving the structure of the low-resolution point clouds, ensuring that the semantic information of the generated high-resolution point clouds remains consistent with that of the low-resolution point clouds. Specifically, the algorithm constructs a K-d tree using the low-resolution point cloud to perform a nearest neighbor search, establishing the correspondence between the low-resolution and higher-resolution point clouds. Next, the improved RANSAC algorithm is employed for point cloud alignment, and inverse distance weighting is used for point-by-point weighted fusion, ultimately yielding the high-resolution point cloud. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed point cloud super-resolution reconstruction method outperforms other methods across various metrics. Notably, it reduces the Chamfer Distance (CD) metric by 0.49 and 0.29 and improves the Precision metric by 7.75% and 4.47%, respectively, compared to two other methods.