bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study on Anti-inflammatory Activity of Hydroethanolic of Leaf, Stem and Root Extracts of Tecoma stans
Authors: Prateek . , Devi R. Gayatri , Selvaraj J. , Priya A. Jothi
Published: December 2021

Background: Tecoma stans is an important medicinal plant. The major bioactive compounds like alkaloids, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids and saponins had been isolated from this plant. The leaves bark and roots contain biologically active chemicals, and extracts from those tissues are in use as traditional folk medicines. Inflammation is a biological response of the immune system that can be triggered by a variety of factors, including pathogens, damaged cells and toxic compounds. The aim of the study was to analyze the anti-inflammatory activity of hydroethanolic leaf, stem and root extracts of Tecoma stans.

Materials and methods: All chemicals and reagents were bought by sigma Chemicals Company. Anti inflammatory activity of the three different parts (leaf, stem and root) the plant were analysed by an in-vitro protein denaturation inhibition assays and inhibition calculation on protein inhibition percentage was done by the formula % inhibition=100−(A1 -A2)/A0 )*100). Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test.

Results: After comparing the anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf root stem of Tecoma stans, the results were plotted in graphs through statistical analysis using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that the stem of the plant has maximum anti-inflammatory activity compared to leaf and root.

Conclusion: A comparative study of the extract or stem, leaf and root shows that the stem portion of the plant contains maximum anti-inflammatory activity.
Role of Surgical Intervention in Hereditary Spherocytosis with Haemolytic Anaemia, Splenomegaly and Jaundice
Authors: Kumar K. Senthil , Abinaya K. , Anantharamakrishnan R. , Pranay K.
Published: December 2021

haemolytic anaemia, splenomegaly and jaundice, admitted in Chettinad hospital and research institute during one year period from  January 2019 to January 2020. Surgical intervention is indicated for selected patients with hereditary spherocytosis with haemolytic anaemia and jaundice to abate the hemolytic process after correction of anaemia with blood transfusion. Pigmented gallstones are seen in more than 50% cases for which incidence increases with severity of hemolysis and with age. Complications include aplastic anemia (most common after parvovirus B19 infection), haemolytic crisis during inter-current infection, megaloblastic crisis – during folic acid deficiency, cardiomyopathy, hematological malignancies.
Internal Angular Dermoid Indenting on the Globe
Authors: Suman Suwarna , Rathod Hemant Uttamrao , Kumar Arushi , K. Pal Virendra
Published: December 2021

Angular dermoid cysts are common periorbital tumours in children. They are tumours of embryonic origin that arise along bony sutures as a result of abnormal ectodermal sequestration during development. Angular dermoid cysts usually present in early childhood, are characteristically small benign and slow growing lesion. External angular dermoid present in the superotemporal quadrant is more common compared to internal angular dermoid in the superonasal quadrant. Early surgical excision is recommended and performed in the majority of cases, particularly to restore facial cosmesis.

Here we report an unusual case of a large internal angular dermoid cyst indenting the globe in a 3-year-old girl presented with left upper eyelid mass at medial angle since one year of age. The cyst was excised completely by anterior orbitotomy through a small superior lid crease incision.
An Analysis of Reported Crime against Women and Girls in Eastern India
Authors: Paul Rituparna , Goswami Arunasis , Pal Biswajit
Published: December 2021

Crimes against women and girls have been increasing in recent years as reported by the National Crime Records Bureau. It becomes a serious social evil worldwide. The study has been tried to find out the trend of crimes against women for the period of the last ten years (2010-2019) in the states of eastern India i.e. Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal. The study has been based on secondary data from the National Crime Records Bureau, Govt of India. The data have been extracted and analyzed to get the status of crimes in particular categories. The crime records of Bihar show an increasing rate of women assault cases. Jharkhand data shows that indecent representation of women has increased in recent years. In West Bengal Cruelty by husband is the most reported crime in West Bengal and it is also observed that rape cases were decreased in West Bengal continuously in the last ten years. It has been found that Orissa and Bihar are significantly high in crimes like women assault on the internet, an insult to the modesty of women, kidnapping and rape comparing other states of study. Cruelty by husbands and cases under the immoral traffic act had significantly higher in West Bengal compared to other states under study. The Dowry death and kidnapping and abduction are significantly high in Bihar. The different levels of crimes against women in different states not only indicates the status of women in the society and the law and order situations of that state but also it is a reflection of the socio-psychological aspects. Proper implementation of laws along with awareness of related issues, along with continuous monitoring can play a crucial role to minimize the overall crime scenario.
Wearable Bioelectronics for Chronic Wound Management
Authors: Wang Canran , Shirzaei Sani Ehsan , Gao Wei
Published: December 2021

Chronic wounds are a major healthcare issue and can adversely affect the lives of millions of patients around the world. The current wound management strategies have limited clinical efficacy due to labor‐intensive lab analysis requirements, need for clinicians’ experiences, long‐term and frequent interventions, limiting therapeutic efficiency and applicability. The growing field of flexible bioelectronics enables a great potential for personalized wound care owing to its advantages such as wearability, low‐cost, and rapid and simple application. Herein, recent advances in the development of wearable bioelectronics for monitoring and management of chronic wounds are comprehensively reviewed. First, the design principles and the key features of bioelectronics that can adapt to the unique wound milieu features are introduced. Next, the current state of wound biosensors and on‐demand therapeutic systems are summarized and highlighted. Furthermore, the design criteria of the integrated closed loop devices are discussed. Finally, the future perspectives and challenges in wearable bioelectronics for wound care are discussed.
Triboelectric Nanogenerator Tattoos Enabled by Epidermal Electronic Technologies
Authors: Wong Tsz Hung , Liu Yiming , Li Jian , Yao Kuanming , Liu Sitong , Yiu Chun Ki , Huang Xingcan , Wu Mengge , Park Wooyoung , Zhou Jingkun , Nejad Sina Khazaee , Li Hu , Li Dengfeng , Xie Zhaoqian , Yu Xinge
Published: December 2021

With the high flexibility, good conformability and lightweight, the next‐generation energy harvesters could exist in the format of epidermal electronics. They are able to convert the mechanical energy from daily body motions into electrical signals for energy harvesting and human‐machine interfaces. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have proven to be excellent candidates for wearable energy harvesters, however, the reported TENGs commonly face the hurdles of poor adhesion to skin and relative thick in geometry up to several cm. Herein, a series of ultrathin, soft, tattoo‐like triboelectric nanogenerators (TL‐TENGs) with well‐designed aesthetic patterns are introduced. With the ultrathin materials applied and state of art processing techniques in epidermal electronics, the TL‐TENGs present an outstanding mechanical property of high robustness and thickness of tens of μm. Besides, TL‐TENGs own remarkable electrical characteristics, the open‐circuit voltage and short circuit current can reach up to ≈180 V and ≈2.2 μA under constant tapping (≈16 kPa), respectively. With the well structural mechanics designs, the TL‐TENGs can be customized into various tattoo patterns, such as twelve Chinese zodiac signs. Demonstrations of TL‐TENGs in energy harvesting and the human‐machine interface indicate great potential in next generation wearable nanogenerators and internet of things.
Tunable Nanoscale Evolution and Topological Phase Transitions of a Polar Vortex Supercrystal
Authors: Dai Cheng , Stoica Vladimir Alexandru , Das Sujit , Hong Zijian , Martin Lane W. , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Freeland John W. , Wen Haidan , Gopalan Venkatraman , Chen Long‐Qing
Published: December 2021

Understanding the phase transitions and domain evolutions of mesoscale topological structures in ferroic materials is critical to realizing their potential applications in next‐generation high‐performance storage devices. Here, the behaviors of a mesoscale supercrystal are studied with 3D nanoscale periodicity and rotational topology phases in a PbTiO3/SrTiO3 (PTO/STO) superlattice under thermal and electrical stimuli using a combination of phase‐field simulations and X‐ray diffraction experiments. A phase diagram of temperature versus polar state is constructed, showing the formation of the supercrystal from a mixed vortex and a‐twin state and a temperature‐dependent erasing process of a supercrystal returning to a classical a‐twin structure. Under an in‐plane electric field bias at room temperature, the vortex topology of the supercrystal irreversibly transforms to a new type of stripe‐like supercrystal. Under an out‐of‐plane electric field, the vortices inside the supercrystal undergo a topological phase transition to polar skyrmions. These results demonstrate the potential for the on‐demand manipulation of polar topology and transformations in supercrystals using electric fields. The findings provide a theoretical understanding that may be utilized to guide the design and control of mesoscale polar structures and to explore novel polar structures in other systems and their topological nature.
Metal‐Supported Phospholipid Bilayers Formed by Redox Command
Authors: Hmam Ons , Badia Antonella
Published: December 2021

A surface‐confined redox reaction triggers the formation of single bilayer membranes from small unilamellar vesicles of anionic or zwitterionic phospholipids onto gold surfaces modified with a ferrocene‐terminated self‐assembled monolayer (SAM). The ion pairing association of the charged lipid headgroups with the electrogenerated cationic ferroceniums drives the assembly of the phospholipids on the SAM surface to produce solid‐supported bilayers of high surface coverage (≳90%) from gel‐ or fluid‐phase forming phospholipids within minutes at room temperature. The redox‐mediated strategy reported in this work is a conceptual advance in the preparation of solid‐supported lipid bilayers. It is fast, compatible with negatively‐charged and zwitterionic phospholipids, insensitive to the phase state of the phospholipid in the vesicle precursor, and not limited to hydrophilic surfaces.
Ultrahigh EQE (38.1%) Deep‐UV Photodiode with Chemically‐Doped Graphene as Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Li Titao , Zhu Siqi , Jia Lemin , Lin Richeng , Zheng Wei , Huang Feng
Published: December 2021

Improving the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) is a fundamental target for photovoltaic devices to obtain high photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, it is reported that the chemical doping of graphene hole transport layer has a significant impact on the VOC of solar‐blind ultraviolet (SBUV) photovoltaic detectors. It has been demonstrated that the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of graphene/AlGaN/SiC heterojunction photovoltaic detectors increases from 21.6% to 38.1% when the Fermi level of graphene is precisely pulled down by a simple charge transfer process. Without sacrificing response speed, the ≈75% increase in EQE together with responsivity is the result of the enhancement of VOC from 1.10 to 2.02 V. This work sheds light on the correlation between VOC and graphene Fermi level in SBUV detectors, and provides effective avenues to modulate the PCE of photovoltaics.
Nanoarchitectonics with Two‐Dimensional Black Phosphorus and MnO2 for Synergistic Photodynamic‐/Radiotherapy Against Cancer through Enhanced Reactive Oxygen Species Activity
Authors: Liu Renyu , Sheng Jiangping , Zeng Ke , Deng Yuanyuan , Deng Liu , Shen Lin , Liu You‐Nian
Published: December 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can kill cancer cells in tumor therapy. However, the anticancer efficacy of ROS is generally suppressed by the reductive press in tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, lysozyme (LZM) modified black phosphorous (BP) /manganese dioxide nanosheets (LZM@BP/MnO2 NSs, LBM) as an effective and biocompatible nanodrug platform for synergistic photodynamic‐/radio‐ therapy are prepared. The controllable preparation of negatively charged MnO2 NSs is achieved through biomimetic mineralization strategy using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a template. To facilitate the loading of BP on MnO2, lysozyme is used to modify BP to obtain positively charged BP NSs. The as‐obtained LBM possess higher biostability and exhibit superior ROS generation efficiency to BP, owing to the alleviation of reductive species (i.e., GSH) in TME by the oxidation of MnO2. Moreover, LBM can be easily decomposed in the tumor sites, leading to the good biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. The amplified intracellular ROS generation properties of LBM assisted combination of photodynamic therapy and radiotherapy ultimately boost the synergistic therapeutic efficacy against cancer.
Efficient Photoinduced Electron Transfer from Pyrene‐o‐Carborane Heterojunction to Selenoviologen for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Reduction of Alkynes
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Zhang Bingjie , Gao Yujing , Liu Chenjing , Li Guoping , Rao Bin , Chu Dake , Yan Ni , Zhang Mingming , He Gang
Published: December 2021

A series of pyrene or pyrene‐o‐carborane‐appendant selenoviologens (Py‐SeV2+, Py‐Cb‐SeV2+) for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and reduction of alkynes is reported. The efficient photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from electron‐rich pyrene‐o‐carborane heterojunction (Py‐Cb) with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristic to electron‐deficient selenoviologen (SeV2+) (kET = 1.2 × 1010 s−1) endows the accelerating the generation of selenoviologen radical cation (SeV+•) compared with Py‐SeV2+ and other derivatives. The electrochromic/electrofluorochromic devices’ (ECD and EFCD) measurements and supramolecular assembly/disassembly processes of SeV2+ and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) results show that the PET process can be finely tuned by electrochemical and host–guest chemistry methods. By combination with Pt‐NPs catalyst, the Py‐Cb‐SeV2+‐based system shows high‐efficiency visible‐light‐driven HER and highly selective phenylacetylene reduction due to the efficient PET process.
Electrolyte‐Gated Vertical Synapse Array based on Van Der Waals Heterostructure for Parallel Computing
Authors: Oh Seyong , Lee Ju‐Hee , Seo Seunghwan , Choo Hyongsuk , Lee Dongyoung , Cho Jeong‐Ick , Park Jin‐Hong
Published: December 2021

Recently, three‐terminal synaptic devices, which separate read and write terminals, have attracted significant attention because they enable nondestructive read‐out and parallel‐access for updating synaptic weights. However, owing to their structural features, it is difficult to address the relatively high device density compared with two‐terminal synaptic devices. In this study, a vertical synaptic device featuring remotely controllable weight updates via e‐field‐dependent movement of mobile ions in the ion‐gel layer is developed. This synaptic device successfully demonstrates all essential synaptic characteristics, such as excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic current (E/IPSC), paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF), and long‐term potentiation/depression (LTP/D) by electrical measurements, and exhibits competitive LTP/D characteristics with a dynamic range (Gmax/Gmin) of 31.3, and asymmetry (AS) of 8.56. The stability of the LTP/D characteristics is also verified through repeated measurements over 50 cycles; the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of Gmax/Gmin and AS are calculated as 1.65% and 0.25%, respectively. These excellent synaptic properties enable a recognition rate of ≈99% in the training and inference tasks for acoustic and emotional information patterns. This study is expected to be an important foundation for the realization of future parallel computing networks for energy‐efficient and high‐speed data processing.
Manipulating Ion Concentration to Boost Two‐Electron Mn4+/Mn2+ Redox Kinetics through a Colloid Electrolyte for High‐Capacity Zinc Batteries
Authors: Xie Xuesong , Fu Hongwei , Fang Yun , Lu Bingan , Zhou Jiang , Liang Shuquan
Published: December 2021

Aqueous zinc batteries (ZBs) have flourished due to their advantages of low‐cost and intrinsically safe water‐based electrolytes. However, in the traditional liquid electrolyte, sufficient energy density and efficiency for practical utility have not been realized yet. Here, instead of the use of a strong acid/alkali pH environment to elevate the working voltage in an aqueous solution, an ion concentration/dilution strategy is proposed to trigger the extra deposition/dissolution capacity of the Mn4+/Mn2+ redox reaction in normal Zn/MnO2 batteries. With the precipitation and release of Zn2+ ions during the discharge/charge process, the adjustment of manganese concentration is successfully realized via the reciprocal Zn/Mn ionic exchange rendered by the bentonite colloidal (Ben‐colloid) electrolyte. This electrolyte also triggers a self‐dissolution/deposition reaction even in the cathode‐free system. Consequently, the Zn/MnO2 battery with Ben‐colloid electrolyte affords up to 1.7× capacity release (480.7 mAh g–1) on average compared with a liquid electrolyte at 0.2 A g–1, higher capacity retention (94.3% vs 63.6%) after 500 cycles at 1 A g–1, and good elevated‐temperature endurability (up to 80 °C). This work opens up a new horizon to improve the energy density of water‐based metal ion batteries by the use of a functional electrolyte.
Will the Farm to Fork strategy be effective in changing food consumption behavior? A health psychology perspective
Authors: König Laura M. , Araújo‐Soares Vera
Published: December 2021

Food production accounts for one‐third of greenhouse gas emissions; the Farm to Fork strategy aims to make food systems more sustainable and healthier to curb the rising global surface temperature. It includes several actions targeting consumer behavior, including increasing the availability of sustainable and healthy products and mandatory nutritional labeling. The actions address relevant psychological mechanisms; however, the outlined actions are vague and based on only a small number of behavioral determinants that may limit effectiveness. The implementation may furthermore benefit from concepts of implementation science to increase acceptability and feasibility to reach its ambitious goals.
Optical Control of Mitosis with a Photoswitchable Eg5 Inhibitor
Authors: Impastato Anna C. , Shemet Andrej , Vepřek Nynke A. , Saper Gadiel , Hess Henry , Rao Lu , Gennerich Arne , Trauner Dirk
Published: December 2021

Eg5 is a kinesin motor protein that is responsible for bipolar spindle formation and plays a crucial role during mitosis. Loss of Eg5 function leads to the formation of monopolar spindles, followed by mitotic arrest, and subsequent cell death. Several cell‐permeable small molecules have been reported to inhibit Eg5 and some have been evaluated as anticancer agents. We now describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of photoswitchable variants with five different pharmacophores. Our lead compound Azo‐EMD is a cell permeable azobenzene that inhibits Eg5 more potently in its light‐induced cis form. This activity decreased the velocity of Eg5 in single‐molecule assays, promoted formation of monopolar spindles, and led to mitotic arrest in a light dependent way.
Clinical Issues—January 2022
Authors: Wright Renae
Published: December 2021

THIS MONTH

Cleaning the central core floor

Key words: semirestricted area, cleaning practices, vacuum, flooring, mopping.

Wearing a cooling vest under a sterile gown

Key words: thermal comfort, thermal stress, cooling vest, scrubbed personnel, surgical attire.

Fluorescence‐guided surgery

Key words: fluorescence‐guided surgery (FGS), fluorescent agent, fluorophore, imaging, indocyanine green (ICG).

Containment of used suture needles

Key words: sharps injury, sharps containment device, suture packet, suture needle, needle return.
Ion conducting methylcellulose‐polyvinyl alcohol blend based electrolytes incorporated with ammonium thiocyanate for electric double layer capacitor application
Authors: Shamsuri Nurrul Asyiqin , Zaine Siti Nur Azella , Mohamed Yusof Yuhanees , Shukur Muhammad Fadhlullah
Published: December 2021

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have received numerous attention for application in energy storage devices due to their safety performance and mechanical flexibility. However, further improvement of amorphousness and electrochemical performance is needed to realize the commercial potential of SPEs. In this work, a series of methylcellulose (MC) – polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend‐based electrolyte doped with ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) salt has been prepared using solvent casting technique. MC‐PVA‐NH4SCN electrolytes have been characterized and the most amorphous sample has been used as electrolyte in an electric double layer capacitor (EDLC). Thermogravimetric analysis is carried out to analyze the thermal stability of the electrolytes. From X‐ray diffraction analysis, the addition of salt up to 40 wt% decreases the percentage of crystallinity and crystallite size indicating the improvement in amorphousness of the polymer electrolytes. From transference number measurements analysis, it is revealed that ions are the dominant charge carriers. Linear sweep voltammetry shows that the most amorphous electrolyte is electrochemically stable in the potential range of −1.97 V to +1.90 V. Using the most amorphous MC‐PVA‐NH4SCN electrolyte, an EDLC has been fabricated and characterized using impedance technique, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge.
Chaotic synchronization cryptosystems using a Twofish encryption algorithms
Authors: Hsiao Feng‐Hsiag
Published: December 2021

In our work, a methodology of systematic design with chaotic masking‐based secure communications is presented to implement double encryption. Chaotic synchronization has encountered attacks by hackers in which attackers demodulate information through the public channel, and the safety of chaotic synchronization communication has thus been questioned in recent years. To block the attacks by hackers, this study combines chaotic synchronization with a Twofish encryption algorithm, thereby increasing the complexity of the cryptosystem. By doing so, a more secure communication system is achieved to efficaciously protect the ciphertext. Furthermore, the IGA is proposed in this study to effectively overcome the weakness of the traditional GA. The IGA‐based fuzzy controller not only realizes the exponential synchronization, but also minimizes the disturbance attenuation level to achieve optimalH∞performance. Finally, we give a numerical example to show the achievements of this study.
Nano‐bio‐engineered silk matrix based devices for molecular bioanalysis
Authors: Sammi Aditi , Divya  , Mahapatra Supratim , Kumar Rahul , Chandra Pranjal
Published: December 2021

Silk is a fibrous protein, has been a part of human lives for centuries,  and was used as suture and textile material. Silk is mainly produced by the members of certain arthropods such as spiders, butterflies, mites, and moths. However, recent technological advances have revolutionized silk as a biomaterial for various applications ranging from heat sensors to robust fibers. The biocompatibility, mechanical resilience, and biodegradability of the material make it a suitable candidate for biomaterials. Silk can also be easily converted into several morphological forms, including fibers, films, sponges, and hydrogels. Provided these abilities, silk have received excellent traction from scientists worldwide for various developments, one of them being its use as a bio‐sensor. The diversity of silk materials offers various options, giving scientists the freedom to choose from and personalize them as per their needs. In this review, we foremost look upon the composition, production, properties, and various morphologies of silk. The numerous applications of silk and its derivatives for fabricating biosensors to detect small molecules, macromolecules, and cells have been explored comprehensively. Also, the data from various globally developed sensors using silk have been described into organized tables for each category of molecules, along with their important analytical details.
A review of synthesis of esters with aromatic, emulsifying, and lubricant properties by biotransformation using lipases
Authors: Vilas Bôas Renata N. , de Castro Heizir F.
Published: December 2021

The esterification reactions catalyzed by lipases are among the most significant biochemical processes of industrial relevance. The lipases have the function of versatility by catalyzing a diversity of reactions with extreme ease, obtaining quality products with high yield. Therefore, enzyme‐catalyzed esterification has gained increasing attention in many applications, due to the importance of derived products. More specifically, lipase‐catalyzed esterification reactions have attracted interest in research over the past decade, due to the increased use of organic esters in the chemical and biotechnology industry. These esters can be obtained by three techniques: extraction from natural sources, chemical and enzymatic syntheses. Biotechnological processes have offered several advantages and are shown as a competitive alternative to chemical methods due to high catalytic efficiency, mild operating conditions, and selectivity of natural catalysts. These an industrial point of view, reactions catalyzed by enzymes are the most economical approach to achieve green products with no toxicity and no harm to human health. Thus, this review presents a descriptive evaluation of the trends and perspectives applied to enzymatic esterification, mainly for the synthesis of esters with different properties, such as aromatics, emulsifiers, and lubricants using the esterification process. An emphasis is given to essential factors, which affect the lipase‐catalyzed esterification reaction. In which, the parameters are dependent on the lipase source, a form of the biocatalyst (free or immobilized), the polarity of the reaction medium, the molar ratio between alcohol and acid, among other variables, are also discussed.
Complete agenesis of the infra‐renal aorta
Authors: Seretis Charalampos , Papageorgopoulou Chrysanthi P. , Nikolakopoulos Konstantinos M. , Tsimpoukis Andreas L. , Papadoulas Spyros I.
Published: December 2021

Complete agenesis of the infra‐renal aorta is an extremely rare anatomical variant, and its presence can complicate the accurate interpretation of the aortic sonographic assessment.
Importance of ultrasound examination: A case of peritoneal catheter tunnel infection
Authors: Nakamura Yoshihiro , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Takizawa Naoho , Fujita Yoshiro
Published: December 2021

Some peritoneal dialysis catheter infections cannot be detected via a physical examination. Ultrasound of the PD catheter tunnel should be performed in cases of suspected infection or clinical abnormality at the catheter tunnel site.
An innovative approach in the management of alveolar clefts with bone graft harvest from maxillary tuberosity and mandibular wisdom molar odontectomy sites: A case report
Authors: Guthua Symon , Ng’ang’a Peter M. , Sarna Krishan , Kamau Martin
Published: December 2021

Alveolar bone grafting is a complex procedure utilized in alveolar cleft repair; however, the ideal site of bone graft material remains highly debated. In this study, we describe the management of a 14‐year‐old girl with bilateral alveolar clefts using alternative intraoral donor sites for bone graft harvest.
Revitalisierung der Fassade am Commerzbank‐Hochhaus Düsseldorf
Authors: Stetter Annalena , Spoida Martin , Fröhlich Birgit , Engelmann Michael
Published: December 2021

Der Commerzbank‐Tower in Düsseldorf gilt als eines der bedeutendsten Hochhäuser der frühen deutschen Nachkriegsmoderne im internationalen Stil. Insbesondere die aufgeständerte Rohbaukonstruktion wie auch die damaligen Innovationen in der Fassadentechnik waren gestaltprägend. Das denkmalgeschützte Hochhaus wurde von Gartner zwischen 1959 und 1962 errichtet und schon damals mit einer innovativen Aluminium‐Fassade ausgestattet. Die Fassadenelemente wurden zur Revitalisierung seit 2018 zunächst demontiert und nach Gundelfingen gebracht, auseinandergebaut, gereinigt und wiederhergestellt. Nach der Remontage wurde das Sockelgeschoss mit einer Ganzglasfassade mit geklebten, 6 m langen Glasschwertern ergänzt. Die Konstruktion und Bemessung sowie die Versuche zur Erlangung einer Zustimmung im Einzelfall werden in diesem Beitrag erläutert.

Revitalization of the Facade of the Commerzbank Tower in Düsseldorf. The Commerzbank Tower in Düsseldorf is one of the most important high‐rise buildings of the early post‐war modernism in the international style. The design has been particularly influenced by the elevated shell construction and the innovations in facade technology at the time. The listed high‐rise building was built by Gartner between 1959 and 1962 and features an innovative aluminum facade. The facade units were first dismantled in Düsseldorf and carried to Gundelfingen to be disassembled, cleaned and revitalized. After remounting the elements on site, the base floor was completed by a slender all‐glass facade with 6 m long glass fins. The design as well as the testing for an individual approval are explained in this paper.
Transparente Gebäudehüllen in Gebieten mit hohen seismischen Anforderungen
Authors: Oppe Matthias , Schieber Roman , Fildhuth Thiemo , Grün Stefanie
Published: December 2021

Die große Herausforderung bei der Planung von Gebäudehüllen besteht häufig darin, anspruchsvolle Fassadensysteme mit hohen architektonischen Anforderungen sowie einer maximalen Transparenz auszulegen. Bei der Entwicklung der Fassadenkonstruktion sind dabei in Abhängigkeit von der geographischen Lage zum Teil hohe seismische Beanspruchungen und die daraus resultierenden großen horizontalen Verformungen bzw. Kräfte zu berücksichtigen. Dieser Artikel erläutert anhand von drei sehr unterschiedlichen Projekttypen detailliert, wie der Schutz von Tragwerk und Gebäudehülle gegen seismische Beanspruchungen bei einer seilversteiften Gitternetzschale, im strukturellen Glasbau sowie bei einer Elementfassade mit komplexer Tragstruktur im Einzelnen geschehen kann.

Transparent building envelopes in seismic areas. One major challenge when planning building envelopes is often to design sophisticated facade systems with high architectural requirements and maximum transparency. Depending on the geographical location of the site, high seismic loads and the resulting large horizontal deformations and forces must be taken into account during design development of the facade construction. Considering three different projects the article explains in detail how protection of the building structure and the envelope against seismic action for a gridshell, in structural glazing and for a unitized facade with a complex supporting structure could be achieved.
Auslegung von Photovoltaik‐Warmfassaden mit Phasenwechselmaterialien (PCM)
Authors: Popp Christian , Weiß Dirk , Tribulowski Katja , Weller Bernhard
Published: December 2021

Photovoltaik (PV) in Warmfassaden erwärmt sich stark, wodurch ihr Wirkungsgrad sinkt. Phasenwechselmaterialien (PCMs) können dies kompensieren, da sie eine große Menge Wärmeenergie beim Schmelzen absorbieren und dabei die Temperatur wahren. Die Vielzahl an PCMs und Schmelzbereichen und die individuellen Einstrahlungs‐ und Temperaturverläufe erfordern jedoch eine fallspezifische Auslegung einer PV‐PCM‐Fassade. Hierfür wird ein Auslegungstool, basierend auf thermischen und elektrischen Berechnungsmodellen, entwickelt. Die Modelle wurden einzeln validiert und eine Ertragsstudie zeigt die Wirkung der PCMs. Eine ganzheitliche Validierung des Tools soll mit Messdaten von PV‐PCM‐Fassadenteststände in Dresden und Athen ermöglicht werden.

Design of photovoltaic warm facades with phase change materials. Photovoltaics (PV) in warm facades heat up significantly, which reduces their efficiency. Phase change materials (PCMs) can compensate for this, as they absorb a large amount of thermal energy during melting while maintaining the temperature. However, the large number of PCMs and melting ranges and the individual irradiation and temperature curves require a case‐specific design of a PV‐PCM facade. A design tool based on thermal and electrical calculation models is being developed for this purpose. The models were validated individually and a yield study shows the effect of the PCMs. A holistic validation of the tool shall be enabled with measurement data from PV‐PCM facade test rigs in Dresden and Athens.
Developing the Low‐Temperature Oxidation Mechanism of Cyclopentane: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Shi Zaifa , Jiang Yihuang , Yu Jingxiong , Chen Shanjun , Chen Jun , Tang Zichao , Zheng Lansun
Published: December 2021

At present, the reactivity of cyclic alkanes is estimated by comparison with acyclic hydrocarbons. Due to the difference in the structure of cycloalkanes and acycloalkanes, the thermodynamic data obtained by analogy are not applicable. In this study, a molecular beam sampling vacuum ultraviolet photoionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (MB‐VUV‐PI‐TOFMS) was applied to study the low‐temperature oxidation of cyclopentane (CPT) at a total pressure range from 1–3 atm and low‐temperature range between 500 and 800 K. Low‐temperature reaction products including cyclic olefins, cyclic ethers, and highly oxygenated intermediates (e. g., ketohydroperoxide KHP, keto‐dihydroperoxide KDHP, olefinic hydroperoxides OHP and ketone structure products) were observed. Further investigation of the oxidation of CPT – electronic structure calculations – were carried out at the UCCSD(T)‐F12a/aug‐cc‐pVDZ//B3LYP/6‐31+ G(d,p) level to explore the reactivity of O2 molecules adding sequentially to cyclopentyl radicals. Experimental and theoretical observations showed that the dominant product channel in the reaction of CPT radicals with O2 is HO2 elimination yielding cyclopentene. The pathways of second and third O2 addition – the dissociation of hydroperoxide – were further confirmed. The results of this study will develop the low‐temperature oxidation mechanism of CPT, which can be used for future research on accurately simulating the combustion process of CPT.
Understanding the Influence of Donor‐Acceptor Diazo Compounds on the Catalyst Efficiency of B(C6F5)3 Towards Carbene Formation
Authors: Babaahmadi Rasool , Dasgupta Ayan , Hyland Christopher J. T. , Yates Brian F. , Melen Rebecca L. , Ariafard Alireza
Published: December 2021

Diazo compounds have been largely used as carbene precursors for carbene transfer reactions in a variety of functionalization reactions. However, the ease of carbene generation from the corresponding diazo compounds depends upon the electron donating/withdrawing substituents either side of the diazo functionality. These groups strongly impact the ease of N2 release. Recently, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C6F5)3] has been shown to be an alternative transition metal‐free catalyst for carbene transfer reactions. Herein, a density functional theory (DFT) study on the generation of carbene species from α‐aryl α‐diazocarbonyl compounds using catalytic amounts of B(C6F5)3 is reported. The significant finding is that the efficiency of the catalyst depends directly on the nature of the substituents on both the aryl ring and the carbonyl group of the substrate. In some cases, the boron catalyst has negligible effect on the ease of the carbene formation, while in other cases there is a dramatic reduction in the activation energy of the reaction. This direct dependence is not commonly observed in catalysis and this finding opens the way for intelligent design of this and other similar catalytic reactions.
Merging of a Perylene Moiety Enables a RuII Photosensitizer with Long‐Lived Excited States and the Efficient Production of Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Schmid Marie‐Ann , Brückmann Jannik , Bösking Julian , Nauroozi Djawed , Karnahl Michael , Rau Sven , Tschierlei Stefanie
Published: December 2021

Invited for the front cover of this issue are Stefanie Tschierlei, Sven Rau and co‐workers. The image shows the fusion of an organic chromophore with a RuII polypyridine moiety resulting in a unique bichromophoric photosensitizer. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202103609.
Chiral Dienes: From Ligands to FLP Catalysts
Authors: Feng Xiangqing , Meng Wei , Du Haifeng
Published: December 2021

Comprehensive Summary

Olefins are very easily accessible compounds which are both popular substrates in synthetic chemistry and good ligands in the organometallic complexes. This dual character makes olefins a rich source of chiral ligands and catalysts for asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we will briefly summarize our studies on the development of chiral diene ligands for transition‐metal catalyzed asymmetric reactions and chiral FLP catalysts for asymmetric metal‐free hydrogenations and hydrosilylations. Several acyclic chiral diene ligands as well as P/olefin and S/olefin hybrid ligands were developed for Rh or Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric reactions. With these ligands in hand, we further put forward a novel strategy for acquiring chiral FLP catalysts via the in situ hydroboration of chiral dienes with Piers’ borane. These catalysts proved to be highly effective for asymmetric metal‐free hydrogenations and hydrosilylations of imines, silyl enol ethers, ketones, and aromatic N‐heterocycles.

What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?

The development of acyclic dienes both as chiral ligands and as precursors of chiral FLP catalysts.

How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?

When I started my independent research in 2008, chiral olefins belong to one novel ligand type. We got into the field with the thought of the simpler the better. This experience further led us to step into FLP catalysis.

What is the most important personality for scientific research?

Courage and persistence of doing something unique.

What are your hobbies?

Walking and playing cards.

How do you keep balance between research and family?

Life is not only research, but also family. You believe it, the balance is there.

What is your favorite journal(s)?

My favorite journal is Organic Letters, in which authors can publish their work rapidly and readers can browse the progress of organic chemistry comprehensively.
Differential effects of experimental glaucoma on intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in mice
Authors: Gao Jingyi , Griner Erin M. , Liu Mingna , Moy Joanna , Provencio Ignacio , Liu Xiaorong
Published: December 2021

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and optic nerve damage. Studies, including this study, support that RGCs degenerate and die in a type‐specific manner following the disease insult. Here we specifically examined one RGC type, the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC), and its associated functional deficits in a mouse model of experimental glaucoma. We induced chronic ocular hypertension (OHT) by laser photocoagulation and then characterized the survival of ipRGC subtypes. We found that ipRGCs suffer significant loss, similar to the general RGC population, but ipRGC subtypes are differentially affected following chronic OHT. M4 ipRGCs, which are involved in pattern vision, are susceptible to chronic OHT. Correspondingly, mice with chronic OHT experience reduced contrast sensitivity and visual acuity. By comparison, M1 ipRGCs, which project to the suprachiasmatic nuclei to regulate circadian rhythmicity, exhibit almost no cell loss following chronic OHT. Accordingly, we observed that circadian re‐entrainment and circadian rhythmicity are largely not disrupted in OHT mice. Our study demonstrates the link between subtype‐specific ipRGC survival and behavioral deficits in glaucomatous mice. These findings provide insight into glaucoma‐induced visual behavioral deficits and their underlying mechanisms.
An energy‐efficient priority‐based packet scheduling mechanism for enhancing quality of service in mobile ad hoc network
Authors: Bhavadharini Reddipalayam Murugeshan , Karthik Subburathinam , Sabitha Rajagopal
Published: December 2021

In today's world, a mobile ad hoc network plays a predominant role for numerous applications such as education, entertainment, emergency services, tactical services, and home applications. The performance of IEEE 802.11 based wireless ad hoc networks degrades due to high contention for the shared medium among multiple ad hoc nodes. However, the shared medium can be accessed by multiple nodes, which causes link collisions and packet drop at the link level. These kinds of packet drops have a direct impact on the overall performance of the transmission control protocol (TCP). In this article, a new robust prioritized packet scheduling with adaptive backoff window (PPSAB) mechanism has been proposed to enhance the quality of service of TCP in the wireless scenario. In order to determine the congestion in the network, the proposed PPSAB mechanism anticipates the cross‐layer parameters instead of transport layer parameters. The proposed access scheme assures minimized collisions and energy by setting the node level access to prevailing network parameters. The performance of the proposed PPSAB has been evaluated using an NS‐2 environment and the results manifest that the normalized overhead is reduced by 20% and network throughput is increased by 17% than the existing methods.
R‐ICTS: Recognize the Indian cautionary traffic signs in real‐time using an optimized adaptive boosting cascade classifier and a convolutional neural network
Authors: Satti Satish Kumar , K Suganya Devi , P Srinivasan
Published: December 2021

Cautionary traffic signs are of immense significance to traffic safety. In this study, a robust and optimal real‐time approach to recognize the Indian cautionary traffic signs (ICTS) is proposed. ICTS are all triangles with a white backdrop, a red border, and a black pattern. A dataset of 34,000 real‐time images has been acquired under various environmental conditions and categorized into 40 distinct classes. Pre‐processing techniques are used to transform RGB images to gray‐scale images and enhance contrast in images for superior performance. To find the ICTS, an optimized adaptive boosting cascade classifier is used. To classify the specific category of signs found by the optimized adaptive boosting cascade classifier, an 11‐layer CNN model is built. Finally, using computer vision methods, this model is tested in real‐time. Evaluation metrics such as precision, recall, F1 measure, error rate, and mAP are expressed on the ICTS, GTSDB, LISA, STSD, and DITS‐based datasets to evaluate the proposed method and compare the results of predictions with other investigations. When compared to other state‐of‐the‐art objects detection models such as SSD, YOLOv3, and Faster RCNN, the proposed model outperformed them all, with a precision of 97.15%, recall rate of 96.74%, an error rate of 3.26%, f1‐score of 96.94%, and mAP@0.5IoU of 95.6%. (Dataset available: 10.21227/yy4h‐rc98)
False positive repression: Data centric pipeline for object detection in brain MRI
Authors: Terzi Ramazan , Azginoglu Nuh , Terzi Duygu Sinanc
Published: December 2021

One of the problems that often arise during the application of medical research to real life is the high number of false positive cases. This situation causes experts to be warned with false alarms unnecessarily and increases their workload. This study proposes a new data centric approach to reduce bias‐based false positive predictions in brain MRI‐specific medical object detection applications. The proposed method has been tested using two different datasets: Gazi Brains 2020 and BraTS 2020, and three different deep learning‐based object detection models: Mask R‐CNN, YOLOv5, and EfficientDet. According to the results, the proposed pipeline outperformed the classical pipeline, up to 18% on the Gazi Brains 2020 dataset, and up to 24% on the BraTS 2020 dataset for mean specificity value without much change in sensitivity metric. It means that the proposed pipeline reduces false positive rates due to bias in real‐life applications and it can help to reduce the workload of experts.
Using hiPSC‐CMs to Examine Mechanisms of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Arslanova Alia , Shafaattalab Sanam , Ye Kevin , Asghari Parisa , Lin Lisa , Kim BaRun , Roston Thomas M. , Hove‐Madsen Leif , Van Petegem Filip , Sanatani Shubhayan , Moore Edwin , Lynn Francis , Søndergaard Mads , Luo Yonglun , Chen S. R. Wayne , Tibbits Glen F.
Published: December 2021

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a potentially lethal inherited cardiac arrhythmia condition, triggered by physical or acute emotional stress, that predominantly expresses early in life. Gain‐of‐function mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor gene (RYR2) account for the majority of CPVT cases, causing substantial disruption of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis particularly during the periods of β‐adrenergic receptor stimulation. However, the highly variable penetrance, patient outcomes, and drug responses observed in clinical practice remain unexplained, even for patients with well‐established founder RyR2 mutations. Therefore, investigation of the electrophysiological consequences of CPVT‐causing RyR2 mutations is crucial to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease. The development of strategies for reprogramming human somatic cells to human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has provided a unique opportunity to study inherited arrhythmias, due to the ability of hiPSCs to differentiate down a cardiac lineage. Employment of genome editing enables generation of disease‐specific cell lines from healthy and diseased patient‐derived hiPSCs, which subsequently can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes. This paper describes the means for establishing an hiPSC‐based model of CPVT in order to recapitulate the disease phenotype in vitro and investigate underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The framework of this approach has the potential to contribute to disease modeling and personalized medicine using hiPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.