bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity in rats fed diets containing fish proteins
Authors: van Lith H. A. , Zhang X. , Haller M. , Beynen A. C.
Published: November 2006

A dietary supplement of fish paste, when compared with meat paste, has been shown to lower pseudo(butyryl)cholinesterase activity in the plasma of humans [1]. In rats, dietary fish oil produces increased activities of plasma butyrylcholinesterase [2]. This implies that either rats and man respond differently to fish oil or that the observed effect of the fish paste [1] is not related to its oil content. One hypothesis that may be advanced is that fish protein lowers butyrylcholinesterease activity and thus counteracts the influence of the fish oil. In the course of a study with rats on the effects of dietary fish proteins on cholesterol metabolism of rats, we had the opportunity to test this hypothesis. In addition to plasma butyrylcholinesterase, we also measured plasma esterase‐1 (ES‐1).
Prediction of total body lipid from total body water in rats. Part 2. In vivo estimation of total body lipid by tritium water dilution
Authors: Zahn L. , Freund R. , Noack R. , Erhardt V. , Augustin W.
Published: November 2006

Body composition data estimated for normal young, normal adult, and adult obese Wistar rats by a tritiated water (THO) dilution procedure (b. wt. range 119–237 g, n=31; 305–597 g, n=43; 274–381 g, n=6) were compared with the results of whole body analysis.

As for the predicted total body lipid (TBL), the content was calculated from the virtual THO‐dilution space estimated by a simple micro‐method and a regression equation between TBL [%] and DM [%] (dry matter) content (Part 1. Relations between directly measured major body components. Nahrung 35 (1991) 581.

Due to different degrees of overestimations in the animal groups examined, the THO‐space can be corrected via subtraction of 3.8 %, 2.2 % and 1.1 % in the sequence young, obese, and adult groups. The derived TBL [%] data show a non‐significant deviation of less than 1 g/100 g b. wt. in comparison to the three group means after direct lipid determinations.

In the best case, i. e. after the additional elimination of extremely overestimated values for total body water (outliers) the combined tritium‐derived lipid values (y) are correlated with the lipid data obtained analytically (x), both as proportion of the body weight, by the regression equation y = 0.848 + 0.963 x, r=0.985, sy·x=1.77, n=58.

For a group of young rats (n=14) after a pre‐experimental supplementation with a sucrose solution, TBL values, not significantly different from analytically determined ones, could be calculated without any corrections.
Zur digitalen Bildverarbeitung in der Lebensmittel‐ und Ernährungswissenschaft
Authors: Fromhold‐Treu I. , Kozerke W. , Erhardt V.
Published: November 2006

Die rechnergestützte Auswertung von Bildinformationen gewinnt in der Lebensmittel‐ und Ernährungswissenschaft zunehmend an Bedeutung. Zur Bearbeitung bieten sich vor allem Aufgaben aus den Bereichen der Objekt‐ und der Strukturanalyse an. In dieser Arbeit wird ein kurzer Überblick über Aufgabenstellungen am Zentralinstitut für Ernährung gegeben, die mit Hilfe der automatischen Bildanalyse gelöst wurden oder an deren Lösung gearbeitet wird.
The content of crude glucosides and glucosinolates in Japanese rapeseed varieties
Authors: Amarowicz R. , Shimoyamada M. , Okubo K.
Published: November 2006

The best investigated group of rapeseed glucosides are the glucosinolates [4, 6, 8]. In previous studies there were also revealed other glucoside compounds in rapeseed [1]. Separating ethanol rapeseed extract (earlier purified by separation from water phase to butanol) on Sephadex LH‐20 column 3 sugar maxima and 6 maxima in UV (235 nm) were found in the elution profile.

As glucosides, including glucosinolates, are biologically active, it was decided to investigate their presence in Japanese rapeseed varieties of rapeseed.
Factors influencing the synthesis of an extracellular proteinase by Enterococcus faecalis subsp. liquefaciens
Authors: Hegazi Fakhreya Z.
Published: November 2006

Studies were conducted on optimum temperature, pH and the requirement for an energy source, amino acids, casein, Zn2+ and Ca2+ during the synthesis of an extracellular acid proteinase by Enterococcus faecalis var. liquefaciens. Synthesis was monitored using cells grown to mid‐logarithmic phase and resuspended at high density in fresh growth medium.

Proteinase production was optimal at 30°C and pH 7.0. Proteinase synthesis, being energy‐dependent, occurred only in glycolysing cells. The synthesis was high when lactose but not glucose was utilized as a source of energy, indicating that phospho‐β‐galactosidase gene might probably be located directly upstream the proteinase gene on a plasmid.

Good induction of proteinase synthesis could be achieved by 0.2–0.5 % of either yeast extract or tryptic digested casein, perhaps due to its content of a wide variety of free amino acids. Casein was essential for preventing proteinase autolysis and sustaining the enzyme production. Zn2+ and Ca2+ were required for the formation of an active extracellular proteinase.

The synthesis immediately ceased after addition of chloramphenicol or EDTA. EDTA inactivated the preformed proteinase as well. Sodium chloride at a concentration of 6.5 % inhibited both proteinase synthesis and glycolysis.
Lactose‐ ein potentieller Ballaststoff. Zur Regulierung ihrer mikroökologischen Wirksamkeit im Intestinaltrakt 1. Mitt. Problemstellung, Erkenntnisstand und Methodik
Authors: Schulze J. , Zunft H.‐J.
Published: November 2006

Ballaststoffe sind Nahrungsbestandteile unterschiedlicher chemischer Struktur, die digestivem Angriff und Absorption in Dünndarm entgehen und in den Dickdarm gelangen. Sie werden dort von den Mikroorganismen der Darmflora als Energie‐ und Baustoffquelle genutzt oder unverändert ausgeschieden. Einen Nahrungsbestandteil entweder den Nähr‐ oder den Ballaststoffen zuzuordnen, gelingt nicht allein aufgrund seiner chemischen Natur: Als “obligate” Ballaststoffe haben Substanzen zu gelten, die im Dünndarm nicht angegriffen werden, weil die nötigen katabolisierenden Enzyme beim Menschen nicht vorkommen. Als “potentielle” Ballaststoffe sind Nährstoffe zu bezeichnen, wenn sie anteilig der Dünndarmverdauung entgehen. Lactose, das wesentliche Kohlenhydrat der Milch, ist ein Prototyp potentieller Ballaststoffe. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird den Ursachen nachgegangen, die das Ausmaß der Lactoseverwertung im Dünndarm bestimmen und ihre Wirksamkeit im Dickdarm beeinflussen.
Beitrag zur Bestimmung der Hydrophobie von Proteinen 2. Mitt. Die Bestimmung von proteingebundenem Natriumdodecylsulfat mit Hilfe der Ultrazentrifuge
Authors: Nötzold H. , Kretschmar R. , Ludwig E.
Published: November 2006

In der Überschichtungszelle einer Ultrazentrifuge wurde die Wechselwirkung von Rinderserumalbumin (RSA) und Ovalbumin mit Natriumdodecylsulfat (SDS) untersucht. Es wird ein Verfahren beschrieben, mit dem das an Proteine gebundene SDS bestimmt werden kann. Die SDS‐Bindungskapazität für RSA beträgt 250 ± 50 μg SDS pro 500 μg RSA. Die Menge SDS, die an Ovalbumin gebunden ist, ist sehr klein und liegt im Fehler des Verfahrens.
Hormonal effects on triacylglycerol secretion of rat liver
Authors: Haude W. , Völcker C.‐E.
Published: November 2006

The influence of epinephrine, norepinephrine, insulin, and prednisolone on the triacylglycerol (TG) secretion rate of rat liver was determined in vivo under different nutritional conditions (non‐fasting, 10 and 16 h fasting, respectively). It was possible to estimate the triacylglycerol secretion rate by the Triton method without regard to fasting intervals. The subcutaneous administration of hormones was followed in all cases by changes of lipid parameters. Variations of secretion rate were found only by applications of norepinephrine, insulin, and prednisolone. Frequently, but not always, a change of free fatty acid (FFA) concentration in serum, that means a change of FFA mobilization in adipose tissue, was accompanied by an alteration of the TG secretion rate and in some cases by a change of TG concentration in serum in the same direction. We suggest that under these conditions the hormonal effect on TG secretion is realized by influence on the mobilization of FFA in adipose tissue. If the enhancement of FFA in serum is not followed by an increase of TG secretion, the elevated FFA influx into the liver is possibly used for oxidation or synthesis of phospholipids too. The role of nutritional factors was especially seen in 16 h fasting animals in which no rise of TG secretion rate was observed in spite of high FFA levels. In some cases reduced serum TG concentrations were observed without preceeding decreases of TG secretion rate out of the liver. Probably this effect is caused by increased clearance of serum TG.
Enhancement of Blue cheese flavour using sodium dodecylsulphate and lipase
Authors: Farag A. A. , Aly M. E. , El‐Alfy M. B.
Published: November 2006

Accelerated Blue cheese ripening as affected by addition of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) in levels of 0.05 or 0.075% alone or SDS (0.05 or 0.075%) + lipase was studied. There were no effects on the cheese chemical composition by addition to the cheese curd of SDS or SDS/lipase combination, except for an increase in titratable acidity of cheese. Proteolysis, lipolysis and carbonyl formation were enhanced in Blue cheese treated with SDS alone. Addition of lipase with SDS greatly increased lipolysis and carbonyl formation but it did not increase proteolysis as SDS alone.

Organoleptic evaluation indicated that addition of SDS alone or in combination with lipase enhanced the development of texture and flavour of cheese and improved Penicillium roqueforti distribution throughout the cheese. Cheese treated with SDS (0.075%) and lipase showed higher quality than the other cheeses.
Qualitätserhaltende Trocknung biologischer Produkte 1. Mitt. Kinetische Untersuchungen zur thermischen β‐Glucanaseinaktivierung
Authors: Mohr K.‐H. , Löhn M.
Published: November 2006

Bei der Trocknung und Konzentrierung inaktivieren die Enzyme. Die Kenntnis der Enzymerhaltung bei der Aufarbeitung von Fermentationsbrühen zu Konzentraten und Trockenprodukten ist für die biotechnologische Industrie von Bedeutung.

In diesem Artikel werden Ergebnisse der Kinetik der thermischen Inaktivierung von β‐Glucanase vorgestellt. Es wird der Einfluß von Zusätzen auf die thermische Stabilität des Enzyms untersucht.
Water‐insoluble complexes of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase of alfalfa with pectin
Authors: Soshinsky A. A. , Antonov Yu. A. , Tolstoguzov V. B. , Malovikova A. A.
Published: November 2006

The formation of water‐insoluble complexes of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase with pectins was studied using gel‐permeation chromatography and phase analysis. The decrease in the pectin charge density accompanying an increase of its esterification degree caused both the lowering of its content in the complex precipitate and the shift of pH value, corresponding to the maximum of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase subunit precipitation, towards the isoelectric point of the protein. The increase in ionic strength decreases the amount of pectin in the complex precipitate. Pectins with an exterification degree of 98% presumably form the soluble protein‐pectin complexes. The evidence of fractionation of protein subunits accompanying the formation of soluble and insoluble complexes with pectin has been given. The results obtained suggest a principal role of the electrostatic factor in the formation of water‐insoluble complexes of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase with pectins. The formation of water‐soluble complexes of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase with pectin of a high esterification degree presumably occurs due to the forces of non‐electrostatic origin.
Proteolytic psychrotrophic bacteria in some dairy products in Egypt
Authors: El‐Samragy Y. A. , El‐Nockrashy S. A. , Effat B. A. , Magdoub M. N. I.
Published: November 2006

One hundred samples of dairy products, i.e. UHT milk, sour cream, Ras, Cheddar and Domiati cheeses, available in Cairo and Giza governorates were collected and examined for standard plate count, psychrotrophic bacterial count and proteolytic psychrotrophic bacterial count. Proteolytic psychrotrophic bacteria isolates (213 cultures) were identified to the different species. The highest numbers of standard plate count, psychrotrophic bacterial count and proteolytic psychrotrophic bacterial count, 32 × 107, 62 × 106 and 71 × 105 cfu/g, respectively, were found in the sour cream samples. The Gram‐negative isolates (61 cultures) were identified to the different species among the genera Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Proteus. The Gram‐positive isolates (152 cultures) belonged to Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Microbacterium and Brevibacterium.
Vergleichende Untersuchungen zum thermischen Verhalten von Maisproteinen 2. Mitt. Untersuchungen an Prolamin und Glutelin des Maises
Authors: Rawel H. , Kroh L. , Westphal G.
Published: November 2006

Im Vergleich zu den Ausgangswerten zeigen die thermisch behandelten Maisproteine, Zein und Glutelin, eine geringere Proteinlöslichkeit, die auf Vernetzungsreaktionen hindeuten und durch SDS‐Polyacrylamid‐Gelelektrophorese nachgewiesen werden. Die Zugabe von D‐Glucose zum Reaktionssystem erhöht den Grad der Vernetzung infolge nichtenzymatischer Bräunung. Hauptsächlich sind die Aminosäuren Glutamin, Lysin und Arginin einbezogen.
Relationship between cobalt, copper and zinc content of soils and vegetables
Authors: Alegria Amparo , Barbera Reyes , Boluda R. , Errecalde Francisca , Farré Rosaura , Lagarda Maria Jesús
Published: November 2006

The relationship between cobalt, copper and zinc content of soils and the vegetables grown in them is discussed. Samples of soil and edible vegetables were taken from 15 different sites, corresponding to four agricultural areas exposed to different degrees of environmental pollution: high industrial and traffic, high industrial and urban, and low industrial and urban pollution. Elements were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Variance analysis (ANOVA) was applied to cobalt, copper and zinc content of vegetables and soils in order to detect significant differences among soils of different areas and the vegetables grown there.

The possible relationship between the heavy metal content of soils (total and extractable) and of the vegetables grown in them was estimated by the correlation coefficient value. Statistically significant correlations were observed between the total and extractable cobalt content of soils and of roots and bulbs (p < 0.1) and between the total copper content of soils and of inflorescences (p < 0.05). In the case of zinc no correlation was found.
Natural lecithins and phosphorylated acylglycerols as inhibitors of autoxidation of fats and oils
Authors: Pokorný J. , Réblová Z. , Ranný M. , Káňová J. , Pánek J. , Davídek J.
Published: November 2006

Both natural phospholipids (soybean or rapeseed lecithin) and phosphorylated acylglycerols (produced by treatment of diacylglycerols with phosphorus pentoxide or metaphosphoric acid) inhibit the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid esters in rapeseed, sunflower seed or soybean oils, but only higher phospholipid additions (more than 0.2%) have pronounced effect on the stability under storage conditions. Partially hydrogenated oils are stabilized similarly as original liquid oils. The inhibitory activity of synthetic phospholipids is particularly high in presence of trace metal compounds, such as copper, iron or manganese. The chelating activity is nearly the same in the case of phosphatidic acids, their ammonium salts, phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine. The hydroperoxide decomposing activity is, however, much higher in nitrogen‐containing phospholipids than in the corresponding phosphatidic acids. The content of oxidized fatty acids is lower in phospholipids than in triacylglycerols.
Untersuchungen der Pränataltoxizität von Butenylisothiocyanat an Ratten
Authors: Bleyl D. W. R. , Lewerenz H.‐J.
Published: November 2006

Butenylisothiocyanat (Byl ITC), das Hydrolyseprodukt des in verschiedenen Kreuzblütergemüsen und in Rapssamen vorkommenden Glucosinolats Gluconapin, wurde oral in Dosen von 0, 50, 100 und 150 mg/kg KM trächtigen Ratten von 12.–19. Tag der Gravidität verabreicht. Maternale Toxizität äußerte sich in reduzierter Körpermassezunahme und erhöhten Leber‐ und Nierenmassen. BylITC‐Dosierungen von 100 und 150 mg/kg KM verursachten Retardierungen des fetalen Wachstums und der Ossifikation.
Organic acids production by lactic acid fermentation of vegetables (celeriac and capsicum)
Authors: Karovičová J. , Drdák M. , Šimko P. , Čanigová M.
Published: November 2006

The controlled fermentation should satisfy the sensuous requirements of the consumer, but also enriches the products with substances which are unavoidable for man. Therefore at lactic acid fermentation it is necessary to watch products content especially of lactic, acetic, as well as other organic acids, essential and total amino acids, vitamins from B‐group. The formed lactic acid offers an agreeably sour taste to products, improves the durability, shortens the time necessary for thermal treatment and contributes to colouring stability of the products [1, 2]. The vegetables are valuable also regarding their fibrous material content, but can contain large amounts of nitrates and so are source of nitrates in human nutrition. Importance of fermented vegetables beverages shows also the fact, that at fermentation content of nitrates decreases approximately by about 10% in comparison with initial amount [3].

In this paper there is presented the production of organic acids at lactic acid fermentation of celeriac and capsicum, in some samples also with addition of phytoncide substance.
Stability of sunset yellow FCF and tartrazine in liquid model food systems
Authors: Thakur B. R. , Arya S. S.
Published: November 2006

Effect of various preservatives, sugar, ascorbic acid and light on the stability of sunset yellow and tartrazine was studied. While sulphur dioxide enhanced the rate of degradation of sunset yellow, it stabilized tartrazine in aqueous model systems. At 30 and 45% sugar levels, the rate of degradation of both sunset yellow and tartrazine was practically same in the presence of benzoic acid and sorbic acid. At 15% sugar level, the rate of degradation of tartrazine was slightly higher in the presence of sorbic acid. Incorporation of ascorbic acid enhanced the degradation of both sunset yellow and tartrazine and its effect was considerably higher in the presence of light. Increase in sugar concentration enhanced the stability of both the dyes, but light enhanced their degradation.
Effect of sex hormones on copper, zinc, iron nutritional status and hepatic lipid peroxidation in rats
Authors: Wachnik Anna , Biró G. , Biró L. , Korom M. , Gergely Anna , Antal Magdolna
Published: November 2006

Sex dependence of copper, zinc, iron nutritional status and hepatic lipid peroxidation was studied in gonadectomized, hormone substituted and sham‐operated male and female rats. The experiment was performed on H‐Wistar rats (106 ± 10 g) fed conventional laboratory food ad libitum for 12 weeks. The estrogen dependence of copper status is fully confirmed by the results of this study. In hormonally active females the malondialdehyde production was depressed which is supposed to be connected with high copper and low triglyceride levels in the liver. The anaemia observed in estrogen substituted rats may be a result of lower lipid peroxidation rate. The levels of retinol and alkaline phosphatase activity in sera are probably influenced by estrogen action. It is suggested that testosterone leads to acceleration of lipid peroxidation.
The isolation of volatile oil from cumin seeds by steam distillation
Authors: Borges P. , Pino J.
Published: November 2006

The isolation of the essential oil of cumin seeds by steam distillation is described. The chemical composition of the oil is investigated by means of chromatographic‐spectrometric methods and physico‐chemical indices. The 17 most important components are identified and quantified.
Preparation of black pepper oleoresin by alcohol extraction
Authors: Borges P. , Pino J.
Published: November 2006

Black pepper oleoresin was prepared by alcohol extraction. Product characteristics and yields obtained by maceration and Soxhlet extraction were compared. The most attractive process was maceration and its influence on volatile oil composition was also evaluated by capillary GLC.
Einfluß der Gamma‐Bestrahlung auf den Methionin‐ und Tryptophangehalt in Sojaproteinprodukten
Authors: Horvatić M. , Grüner M.
Published: November 2006

Es wird die Wirkung von Gammastrahlen auf den Methionin‐ und Tryptophangehalt von Sojaproteinprodukten untersucht. Nach Bestrahlung mit Dosen von 1, 3 und 5 kGy tritt eine signifikante (p = 0,05) Abnahme des Methioningehalts auf. Dementsprechend vermindert sich die relative nutritive Qualität des Proteins. Signifikante (p = 0.05) Verluste an Tryptophan werden bei Strahlendosen von 3 und 5 kGy festgestellt. Hierbei korrelieren signifikant (p = 0.05) die Methionin‐ und Tryptophanabnahmen zum strahleninduzierten Anstieg der Oxydationsprodukte der Lipide; die Korrelations‐koeffizienten betragen 0.576 bzw. 0.715.
Dependence of biological response on the geometric and electronic characteristics of phenol derivatives with smoke flavour
Authors: Yu. Gorbachev M. , Gren A. I. , Manzhos A. V. , Lobasyuk B. A.
Published: November 2006

On the base of the data of conformational analysis and quantum‐chemical calculation (method CNDO/2) of the series of phenol derivatives with smoke flavour it was shown that the structural fragment responsible for the odorant activity consists of the oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. The atomic orbitals of these atoms are constituting the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) with the high values of the orbital coefficients of their 2pπ− and 1s‐orbitals. The distance between the hydrogen atoms is 1.7–2.5 Å, while the average distance (L) from these hydrogen atoms to the oxygen atom is 5.45 ± 0.85 Å. The dependence between the value of psychological response for the presence of the studied compounds within the gaseous phase and the value L was found.
Chemical composition and utilization of pearl millet sprouts
Authors: Kumar A. , Chauhan B. M.
Published: November 2006

Pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoideum) grains were germinated at 25 °C (48, 54 and 60 h), 30 and 35 °C (36, 42 and 48 h) to obtain a desirable size of sprouts. The sprouting improved total protein, ash, ascorbic acid, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, nonreducing sugars and fibre content and diminished starch and fat. The sprouts, when incorporated in various foods including salad, weaning foods, biscuits, cake and rabadi (an indigenous fermented food of India), were found to be acceptable to human palate.
Influence of long term feeding of palm oil on the lipid composition of perirenal adipose tissue in rats
Authors: Hariharan K. , Raina P. L.
Published: November 2006

The composition of perirenal adipose tissue in Wistar strain of rats fed palm oil (PO) fat at 5% and 20% in diet for a period of 18 weeks was studied. Peanut oil (PNO) at 5% and 20% were used as controls. Under the experimental conditions, the saturation index was higher in animals fed diet containing PO compared to those fed PNO. There was no significant difference with reference to 12:0, 14:0 and 18:1 fatty acid levels, whereas linoleic acid (18:2) showed a proportional relationship between the intake and perirenal adipose tissue levels. There was a significant correlation of dietary intake of linoleic acid and the U/S ratio in the adipose tissue. Linoleic acid (18:2, n6) levels were increased in 20% PNO groups as compared to those fed PO. However, palmitoleic acid (16:1) did not show a proportional relationship between the intake and adipose tissue levels. Thus, our studies show that more saturated fatty acids are incorporated in the PO group than in the PNO groups at the end of 18 weeks feeding.
Preparation and storage stability of juices from different carrot species
Authors: Ayranci G. , Tütüncüler A.
Published: November 2006

Carrot juice was prepared from each of yellow‐, orange‐, and purple‐coloured carrots. Juice preparation included sorting, washing, peeling, acid‐blanching, chopping, juicing, sterilization, and bottling steps. Bottled juices were stored in incubators which were kept at 5 °C, 20 °C, and 27 °C.

Analytical determinations of pH, total soluble solids, maximum absorbance, reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, and β‐carotene were made in suitable time intervals. Each of the three types of carrot juice kept at 27 °C deteriorated organoleptically in the first two weeks of storage. Juices stored at 20 °C and 5 °C were stable up to seven and twelve weeks, respectively. It was concluded that each of the carrot species can well be used for the preparation of carrot juice.
Microbial counts and invert sugars in juice extracts from stored tubers of Cyperus esculentus Linn. (earth almond)
Authors: Adebajo L. O.
Published: November 2006

The microbial populations and the levels of invert sugars in juice extracts from healthy tubers of Cyperus esculentus L. stored at 10, 20, 30 and 40 °C were determined. Bacterial counts increased with time and attained the peak on the 25th and 35th d at 40 and 30 °C respectively. Similar trends were obtained for the yeasts, but the peak counts were recorded on the 20th and 35th d at 40 and 30 °C respectively. At 10 and 20 °C, the counts, both for bacteria and yeasts increased throughout the 40‐d period. Invert sugar levels increased throughout the investigation period at all the tested temperatures. Highest levels were recorded at about 30 and 40 °C while the lowest levels were obtained at 10 °C. Of the seven bacteria and five yeasts tested, only Saccharomyces rouxii, S. cerevisiae, Schizo‐saccharomyces sp., Pseudomonas chlororaphis, P. fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis brought about significant hydrolysis of sucrose in vitro. Results on the microbial populations and levels of invert sugars in raw juice extracts suggest that yeasts could possibly play a greater role than bacteria in the hydrolysis of sucrose in vivo.
Untersuchung über Änderungen von Fleischproteinen während der Gefrierlagerung
Authors: Mietsch F. , Halász A. , Farkas J.
Published: November 2006

Es wird der Einfluß des Gefrierens und der Gefrierlagerung auf Proteine des Muskels L. dorsi vom Schwein untersucht. Frisches Fleisch wird in Scheiben (1 cm dick) geteilt, eingepackt und eingefroren (2 verschiedene Geschwindigkeiten). Nach 0 h (Kontrolle), 48 h, sowie 2, 4 und 6 Monaten Gefrierlagerung werden Proben genommen und Änderungen der Proteine mit Hilfe der DSC und der Polyacrylamid‐Gelelektrophorese untersucht.

Die DSC‐Thermogramme zeigen 4 Peaks, von denen dem 1. Peak Myosin und dem 4. Peak Actin zugeordnet wird. Der 2. Peak wird durch sarkoplasmatische bzw. Bindegewebs‐Proteine verursacht. Der 3. Peak ist nicht identifiziert. Beim Messen der Enthalpien des DSC‐Thermogramms wird festgestellt, daß die Enthalpie des Myosin‐Peaks während der Gefrierlagerung abnimmt, die Enthalpie des Actin‐Peaks aber unverändert bleibt. Zu Beginn der Versuche wurde angenommen, daß die SDS‐PAGE eine geeignete Methode für die Untersuchung der Proteindenaturierung sein könnte. Die Ergebnisse zeigen jedoch keine signifikanten Änderungen in den Elektropherogrammen während der gesamten Gefrierlagerung.
Rennet coagulation of buffalo milk as affected by some factors
Authors: El‐Dien Hala M. Fakhr
Published: November 2006

Thrombelastograph was used to measure the rennet coagulation properties of buffalo milk. The combined effect of pH with temperature fat and protein contents, addition of whey protein concentrat (WPC) and sodium chloride on rennet coagulation (r) and clot forming (K20) times were evaluated. The fat content had little effect on r or K20 compared to pH. Increasing temperature from 30 to 40 °C or the protein content of UF milk retentate from 3 to 12% decreased K20 and K20 of buffalo milk. The K20 was greatly affected by the replacement of casein with 10, 20, 30 and 40% WPC while r was less affected. Addition of sodium chloride (2–10%) increased and K20 and the effect was more pronounced at low pH. The relations between the studied factors and r and K20 of buffalo milk were calculated and discussed.
Total proteins and 11S protein fraction (Helianthinin) of sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus L.) — Effect of acetylation and succinylation
Authors: Venktesh Aruna , Prakash V.
Published: November 2006

The total proteins and helianthinin (11S) from sunflower seeds were chemically modified by acetylation and succinylation. The extent of acetylation of the total proteins and helianthinin were 12%, 51%, 52%, 56% and 12%, 36%, 69%, 71%, respectively, while the extent of succinylation were 8%, 21%, 33%, 49% and 10%, 30%, 44%, 61%, respectively. The extent of modification was monitored by the availability of free lysyl residues in the proteins. The ultraviolet absorption maximum shifted to higher wavelengths in total proteins and in helianthinin; there was also an increase in absorbance in the 260 nm wavelength, as a function of increased chemical modification. The sedimentation velocity profile indicated the dissociation of the proteins to low molecular weight fraction (2S) through a 7S component. The dissociation occurred at low modification levels in both total proteins and in helianthinin. There was a gradual red shift and quenching in the fluorescence emission maximum at higher modification levels indicating the denaturation of the proteins as a result of this chemical modification. The change in absorbance as a function of temperature indicates minor changes suggesting that the conformation of the proteins is already altered to significant extents due to the chemical modification.
Biochemical and toxicological studies on the effect of high and low erucic acid rapeseed oil on rats
Authors: Badawy I. H. , Atta B. , Ahmed W. M.
Published: November 2006

Rats were fed on diets containing rapeseed oil, either containing low or high erucic acid content as well as the hydrogenated ones for 6 weeks. Body weight gain, biochemical and pathological parameters were investigated. The data showed high body weight gain for rats fed diets containing low erucic rape oil (LERo) compared with those fed either the high erucic rape oil (HERo), the hydrogenated or the partially hydrogenated oil diets. All rats showed non significant changes for total lipids, total cholesterol, GPT and GOT, except the partially hydrogenated rape oil diet which showed significant decrease for total cholesterol. Alkaline phosphatase however showed a significant decrease, while plasma phospholipids showed significant increase in rats fed on the hydrogenated oil diet. Triglycerides indicated non significant increase except in the group that received low erucic rape oil diet. Histopathological study showed changes in all tissues examined (liver and kidney).
Aluminium content in tea leaves and in differently prepared tea infusions
Authors: Rao K. S. Jagannatha
Published: November 2006

Aluminium content of tea leaves has been engaging the attention during recent years because of its uptake in the form of beverages such as tea. Hence, data were generated on the Al content in tea and its infusions, using an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. The average values of Al in fresh tea leaves and commercial tea powders were 250 and 325 μg/g dry wt, respectively. Tea infusions contained 20–80 μg/g of Al. Al complexes with tea components like tannic acid and theoflavins were studied and stability characteristics as well as the nature of the complexes were computed.
Isolation of faba bean legumin — a comparative study of various methods
Authors: Schwenke K. D. , Dudek Steffi , Seifert A , Mothes R. , Staatz Antoma
Published: November 2006

Different methods of legumin isolation from faba beans were compared with regard to the removal of vicilin taking into consideration the additional influence of variety. SDS‐PAGE, analytical ultracentrifugation and SE‐HPLC were used for the analysis of protein composition. SDS‐PAGE analysis of the isolated legumin samples revealed, that neither combined salt fraction/isoelectric precipitation nor heating to 73 °C resulted in a complete removal of vicilin. Time‐consuming isoelectric zonal precipitation and heating at 83 °C as described by Schlesier et al. (Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen 180 (1985) 225) provides legumin preparations free of vicilin in low yields. Acceptable yields in shorter time were obtained by combining isoelectric precipitation/salt fractionation with Schlesier's procedure. SDS‐PAGE analysis showed a certain dependence on variety of the patterns of legumin α‐polypeptide chains.
Bioactive peptides derived from milk proteins. Structural, physiological and analytical aspects
Authors: Schlimme E. , Meisel H.
Published: November 2006

The primary function of dietary proteins is to supply the body adequately with indispensable amino acids and organic nitrogen. Little attention has been paid up to date to milk proteins, in particular caseins, that are currently the main source of biologically active peptides, although other animal as well as vegetable proteins are known to contain potentially bioactive sequences. Such regulatory peptides can be released by enzymatic proteolysis of caseins in vitro and in vivo and may act as potential physiological modulators of metabolism during the intestinal digestion of the diet. It has been proved that bioactive peptides derived from caseins, such as β‐casomorphins and phosphopeptides, can be released during gastrointestinal passage. It is also evident that peptides originating from food proteins should be taken into account as potential modulators of various regulatory processes in the body. The possible regulatory effects concern nutrient uptake (phosphopeptides, casomorphins), postprandial hormone secretion (casomorphins), immune defense (immunopeptides, casokinins, casomorphins) and neuroendocrine information transfer (casokinins).

The advances in the research field of bioactive peptides are driven by a molecular understanding of biological processes, and analytical techniques are a critical component of this understanding. Different up‐to‐date methods, including peptide synthesis and immunochemistry, have been applied to the chemical characterization of bioactive peptides.

Especially casein derived peptides have already found interesting applications, both as dietary supplements (phosphopeptides) and as pharmaceutical preparations (phosphopeptides, β‐casomorphins). The question of'what kinds of bioactive peptides are beneficial and desirable as food constituents or as drugs' should be always carefully examined. However, the possibilities for the design of dietary products and ‘natural’ drugs look promising.
Identification and preliminary characterization of strains of enterococci and micrococci isolated from Arzúa raw cows'‐milk cheese
Authors: Centeno J. A. , Cepeda A. , Rodríguez‐Otero J. L.
Published: November 2006

152 enterococcal isolates and 88 micrococcal isolates obtained from secondary microflora of Arzúa raw cows'‐milk cheese at various stages of ripening were characterized. The most frequent Enterococcus specie was E. faecalis. The most frequent Micrococcus specie was M. varians, followed by M. luteus and M. lylae; 27 micrococcal isolates could not be assigned to species. Although most strains of micrococci did not cause appreciable acidification of milk, the proportions of micrococcal isolates displaying proteolytic and lipolytic activities were higher than those for enterococcal isolates. The biochemical and enzymatic characteristics of isolates from both groups displayed considerable variability, even within the same species. In screening microorganisms of this type for suitability as components of cheese starter cultures, it is therefore necessary, as has been pointed out by previous authors, to work with single strains.
Bestimmung von Methylglyoxal in Karamel‐Proben
Authors: Örsi F. , Homoki P. , Phong Vu Nam
Published: November 2006

Verschieden konzentrierte wäßrige Fructose‐Lösungen (Molenbruch 0,1–1) wurden in Zeitintervallen von 5 bis 80 min bei einer Temperatur von 130 bis 150 °C erhitzt und das sich dabei bildende Methylglyoxal bestimmt. Methylglyoxal bildet mit o‐Phenylendiamin das Derivat 3‐Methylchinoxalin und zeigt eine Absorption im UV‐Bereich. Nach der Separierung und Standardisierung mittels HPLC besteht die Möglichkeit, den Gehalt an Methylglyoxal aus dem Derivat mit einen UV‐Detektor zu bestimmen. Nach ersten Ergebnissen war die Menge an Methylglyoxal zu gering, wahrscheinlich ist es an weiteren Reaktionen beteiligt. In der Folge wurde eine Fruktose‐Lösung mit einem Zusatz an o‐Phenylendiamin in einer solchen Menge erhitzt, die ausreicht, um alles Methylglyoxal zu 3‐Methylchinoxalin umzusetzen. Während der Untersuchungen wurde die Konzentration an Methylglyoxal unter den Bedingungen der Karamelisierung in wärmebehandelter D‐Fructose gemessen und die kinetischen Parameter des Prozesses ermittelt. Es wurde festgestellt, daß unter diesen Bedingungen die Bildung von Methylglyoxal in erhitzten Fructose‐Lösungen gemäß einer Reaktion 1,5ter Ordnung erfolgt und die Aktivierungsenergie dabei 0,5 kJ/mol beträgt.
Effect of intake of exogenous vitamins C, E and β‐carotene on the antioxidative status in kidneys of rats with streptozotocin‐induced diabetes
Authors: Mekiňová D. , Chorváthová V. , Volkovová K. , Staruchová M. , Graňičová E. , Klvanová J. , Ondreič R.
Published: November 2006

We studied the effect of supplementation with vitamins C, E and β‐carotene (PARABION, produced by Syndipharma) on antioxidative status in kidneys of male Wistar rats with diabetes induced by intravenous application of streptozotocin (45 mg. kg−1 of body weight). The animals received subtherapeutic doses of Insulin Interdep (6U. kg−1 of body weight). A significant decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione and reduction of the activities of Se‐glutathione peroxidase (Se‐GSH‐PX, EC. 1.11.1.9.) and glutathione S‐transferase (GST, EC. 2.5.1.18.) were observed in kidneys of diabetic rats treated with these vitamins. On the contrary, the activity of CuZn‐superoxide dismutase (CuZn‐SOD, EC. 1.15.1.1.) and the level of vitamin C (vit. C) increased significantly. No changes were observed for vitamin E (vit. E), β‐carotene and catalase (CAT, EC. 1.11.1.6.).

Supplementation with vitamins C, E and β‐carotene resulted in an improvement of antioxidative status of kidneys of rats with streptozotocin‐induced diabetes.
High performance liquid chromatographic detection of a strongly retained pigment fraction in Capsicum annuum
Authors: Cserháti Tibor , Forgács Esther , Kiss Veronika
Published: November 2006

A new colour pigment fraction was detected in Capsicum annuum by high performance liquid chromatography. Surprisingly the pigment was strongly bound both to silica and octadecylsilica surfaces indicating that its molecular mass is probably high. Peak purity tests proved that the fraction is not homogeneous and the degree of inhomogeneity depends on the wavelength used for the peak purity test. The spectra taken at one minute intervals of the peak were strikingly different supporting the above conclusions. It is possible that this highly lipophilic pigment is a secondary product of the ripening and processing procedures and is a mixture of individual pigments covalently bound to each other.
Observations on natural factors influencing resistance of faba bean seeds to storage insect pests
Authors: Fornal Łucja , Ciepielewska Dolores
Published: November 2006

The effect of natural content of tannins and other phenolic compounds in faba bean seeds hull on the infestation by some store pests was investigated. The hull, particularly the content of phenolic compounds, does not influence the infestation and reproduction of Tribolium destructor and Trogoderma granarium. More sensitive to phenols seem to be the species Sitophilus oryzae and Oryzaephilus surinamensis. These results do not markedly confirm the checking effect of phenols on the degree of the infestation of faba beans by stored pests.
Trans fatty acids: Implications for health, analytical methods, incidence in edible fats and intake
Authors: Precht D. , Molkentin J.
Published: November 2006

Trans fatty acids (TFA) are supposed to be related to a variety of physiological effects. Numerous studies in this field are gathered and compared, which mainly deal with the influences on lipoprotein levels in plasma and their effects with regard to coronary heart diseases. Furthermore, the analytical accessibility of trans fatty acids by different methods is presented. Thus, the most reliable method for an exact quantitation of trans fatty acids in edible fats is the combination of Ag‐TLC with GC. The contents of TFA, in particular trans‐octadecenoic acids, in bovine and human milk fat, in partially hydrogenated vegetable fats and oils as well as in processed food from different countries, determined in numerous studies, are summarized. Especially results on the isomeric distribution of positional isomers of trans‐octadecenoic acid may be of future interest, since negative metabolic activities might only originate from certain isomers. Finally, intake rates of TFA in several countries are presented. It can be concluded that there still is need for further nutritional studies and that the discussion about TFA should not neglect the comparison with the saturated fatty acids C12, C14 and C16.
Changes in phenol oxidase and peroxidase levels in cocoyam tubers of different postharvest ages infected by Sclerotium rolfsii sacc
Authors: Ohazurike N. C. , Arinze A. E.
Published: November 2006

Crude aqueous extracts from the peripheral rot zone of cocoyam tubers infected by Sclerotium rolfsii sacc were shown to be inhibitory to dialysed in vivo polygalacturonase (PG) of the pathogen. The PG inhibitory action, phenol oxidase and peroxidase activities were higher in cocoyam tubers of the Xanthosoma sagittifolium varieties than in those of the Coolocasia esculenta varieties. The levels of phenol oxidase, peroxidase and PG inhibitory activities also decreased as the postharvest age of the tubers increased.
Simultanbestimmungsmethode für die toxikologisch relevanten Elemente Blei, Cadmium und Nickel mittels Graphitrohr‐Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie (GF‐AAS)
Authors: Gottelt U. , Henrion G. , Kalähne R. , Stoyke M.
Published: November 2006

Eine neue Generation von Graphitrohr‐Atomabsorptionsspektrometern ermöglicht die simultane Bestimmung mehrerer Spurenelemente. Mittels eines optimierten Temperatur‐Zeit‐Programmes der Veraschung und Atomisierung, des Einsatzes der Smith‐Hieftje‐Untergrundkorrektur und der Anwendung von Matrixmodifiern gelingt es, Pb, Cd und Ni in einem Arbeitsgang zu analysieren. Die erreichten Nachweisgrenzen der erarbeiteten Methode von 0,039 mg Pb, 0,006 mg Cd und 0,022 mg Ni je kg Probe erlauben die Bestimmung dieser Elemente in Böden, Futter‐ und Lebensmitteln. Diese Nachweisgrenzen sind ausreichend für die Beurteilung von Lebensmitteln entsprechend den Richtlinien der Zentralen Erfassungs‐ und Bewertungsstelle für Umweltchemikalien des Bundesgesundheitsamtes. Der Zeitaufwand und die Kosten können mit der neuen Multielementbestimmung, im Vergleich zur herkömmlichen Einelement‐AAS, erheblich reduziert werden.
Semi‐preparative isolation of phosphopeptides derived from bovine casein and dephosphorylation of casein phosphopeptides
Authors: Goepfert A. , Meisel H.
Published: November 2006

Semi‐preparative isolation of casein phosphopeptides (CPP) from a tryptic hydrolysate of bovine casein was performed applying a three‐step procedure consisting of solid phase extraction, reversed phase HPLC and ion exchange chromatography. Dephosphorylation of CPP was achieved using immobilized alkaline phosphatase. The purified phosphopeptides and their dephosphorylated forms obtained by these methods are suitable for comparative studies on biological activities, especially mineral binding and immunmodulation.
Processing of marjoram (Majorana hortensis Moench.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Effect of blanching methods on quality
Authors: Singh Meenakshi , Raghavan B. , Abraham K. O.
Published: November 2006

Marjoram and rosemary are herbs which are valued for their flavour and colour. The use of microwave in blanching and drying is becoming more and more popular in recent years. This paper reports the effect of microwave blanching as compared to water and steam blanching on the volatile oil, colour, texture (by compression), chlorophyll and ascorbic acid contents of these herbs. There was maximum retention of ascorbic acid in microwave blanched marjoram and rosemary (21.5, 33.0 mg/100 g) i.e. 79.4% and 49.9% compared to fresh herbs. Blanching resulted in better retention of the original green colour of the fresh herb compared to direct drying of the herbs. Texture of microwave blanched herbs improved as revealed by higher compression force values (109.3, 157.8 N). However, there was greater loss of volatile oil in all the blanched samples.
Keeping qualities of potato chips flavoured with kebab and salt
Authors: Fadel H. H. M. , Abdel‐Mageed Magda A. , Gad A.
Published: November 2006

The volatile components from kebab flavour used in dusting potato chips were isolated by continuous steam distillation extraction (SDE) method. Sixteen volatile components were identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) technique. The main constituents were aldehydes, hydrocarbons, thiophenes and fatty acids.

Two potato chips samples, one flavoured with salt and the other with the kebab flavour, were stored for six months at room temperature. The aroma of each sample was isolated before and after storage. The results showed that the most contributor components to potato chips aroma were decreased by storage while the components which are responsible for rancid flavour were increased in the two samples, but with better results for the sample flavoured with salt.
Efficiency of some technological processes on reducing the residues of malathion and pirimiphos methyl in mature broad bean seeds
Authors: Kamil M. E.‐D. M. , Abou‐Zahw M. M. , Hegazy N. A.
Published: November 2006

Residue study was performed on several insecticides which could contaminate local Egyptian beans. The effect of storage periods and various processing steps on lowering the residues of malathion and pirimiphos methyl in treated seeds and their processed products were investigated.

The data indicated that malathion and pirimiphos methyl persisted for more than 90 days on and in stored mature dry broad beans after postharvest treatment. However, stored broad beans could be safely used for human consumption after 90 days when the insecticide residues reached safe levels. Washing removed 69 and 75% of malathion and pirimiphos methyl residues of treated broad beans, respectively. Malathion residue was not detected in various processed products. More than 89 and 99% of malathion residues were absent in dehulled and heated dehulled broad beans. In addition, pirimiphos methyl residues were reduced to 92, 97, 87, 99, 99, and 95% from the initial levels in treated beans following dehulling, cooking of dehulled beans, germination, cooking of germinated beans and cooking of the beans by the common method and under pressure, respectively.