bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial insights into immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by multiplexed tissue imaging
Authors: Monkman James , Moradi Afshin , Yunis Joseph , Ivison Geoff , Mayer Aaron , Ladwa Rahul , O’Byrne Ken , Kulasinghe Arutha
Published: March 2024

The spatial localisation of immune cells within tumours are key to understand the intercellular communications that can dictate clinical outcomes. Here, we demonstrate an analysis pipeline for highly multiplexed CODEX data to phenotype and profile spatial features and interactions in NSCLC patients that subsequently received PD1 axis immunotherapy. We found that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are enriched in non-responding patients and this was consistent with their localization within stromal and peripheral tumour-margins. Proximity-based interactions between Tregs and both monocytes (p = 0.009) and CD8+ T cells (p = 0.009) were more frequently found in non-responding patients, while macrophages were more frequently located in proximity to HLADR+ tumour cells (p = 0.01) within responding patients. Cellular neighbourhoods analysis indicated that both macrophages (p = 0.003) and effector CD4+ T cells (p = 0.01) in mixed tumour neighbourhoods, as well as CD8+ T cells (p = 0.03) in HLADR+ tumour neighbourhoods were associated with favorable clinical response. Evaluation of the inferred regulatory functions between immune cells relative to the tumour suggested that macrophages exhibit an immunosuppressive phenotype against both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and that this association scores more highly in ICI refractory patients. These spatial patterns are associated with overall survival in addition to ICI response and may thus indicate features for the functional understanding of the tumour microenvironment.
Development and application of an indirect ELISA for detection of antibodies against emerging atypical porcine pestivirus
Authors: Song Hao , Gao Xiaowei , Li Jing , Dong Xinying , Fu Yanhui , Shao Lina , Zhang Jiaoer , Qiu Hua-Ji , Luo Yuzi
Published: March 2024

Background

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is a newly discovered swine pestivirus, which can cause congenital tremor and high mortality in newborn piglets and subclinical infection in adult pigs, leading to significant impacts on the pig industry. Currently, there is no approved serological method to assess APPV infection status in pig farms.

Methods

In this study, the envelope glycoprotein E2 of APPV was highly expressed in suspension HEK293 cells, and further an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the recombinant E2 protein (E2-iELISA) was developed and evaluated.

Results

The reaction parameters of the E2-iELISA were optimized, and the cutoff value was determined to be 0.2 by analyzing S/P values of 165 negative sera against APPV that were confirmed by virus neutralization test (VNT). Specificity test showed that the method had no cross-reaction with other common swine viruses. The E2-iELISA was evaluated using a panel of swine sera, and showed high sensitivity (113/120, 94.2%) and specificity (65/70, 92.9%), and the agreement rate with VNT was 93.7% (178/190). Subsequently, the E2-iELISA was utilized to investigate the seroprevalence of APPV in pig herds of China. When detecting 1368 pig serum samples collected from nine provinces in China, the overall seroprevalence of APPV was 73.9% (1011/1368).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the E2-iELISA is specific and sensitive, and could be a valuable tool for serological surveillance of APPV infection in pigs.
Intraoperative transcystic laparoscopic common bile duct stone clearance with SpyGlass™ discover during emergency and elective cholecystectomy: a single-center case series
Authors: Fugazzola Paola , Bianchi Carlo Maria , Calabretto Francesca , Cicuttin Enrico , Dal Mas Francesca , Dominioni Tommaso , Maestri Marcello , Mauro Aurelio , Podestà Alice , Tomasoni Matteo , Brucchi Francesco , Viganò Jacopo , Ansaloni Luca , Anderloni Andrea , Cobianchi Lorenzo
Published: March 2024

Background and study aim

The development of a new cholangioscope, the SpyGlass™ Discover (Boston Scientific), has allowed the laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration and stone clearance. The possibility of simultaneous treatment of choledocholithiasis during early laparoscopic cholecystectomy offers the opportunity to enormously reduce the time between acute cholecystitis diagnosis and the execution of cholecystectomy with better outcomes for patients. Furthermore, an altered anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract is not an obstacle to this technique. The aim of the study was to determine whether this new procedure is feasible, safe, and effective.

Patients and methods

The investigation employs a retrospective case series study including all consecutive patients with a diagnosis of common bile duct stones undergoing cholecystectomy and intraoperative laparoscopic common bile duct clearance using SpyGlass™ Discover at IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo in Pavia (Italy). Eighteen patients were included from May 2022 to May 2023.

Results

A complete clearance of the common bile duct was obtained in 88.9% of patients. The mean postoperative length of stay was 3 days. No major complications occurred. After a median follow-up of 8 months, no recurrence of biliary events or readmissions occurred.

Conclusion

This procedure has proven to be feasible, safe, and effective.
Resilience in patients and family caregivers living with congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG): a quantitative study using the brief resilience coping scale (BRCS)
Authors: Poejo Joana , Gomes Ana Isabel , Granjo Pedro , dos Reis Ferreira Vanessa
Published: March 2024

Background

Patients and family caregivers living with Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) experience a heavy burden, which can impact their resiliency and quality of life. The study’s purpose was to measure the resilience levels of patients and family caregivers living with CDG using the brief resilience coping scale.

Methods

We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study with 23 patients and 151 family caregivers living with CDG. Descriptive analyses were performed to characterize patients with CDG and family caregivers’ samples. Additionally, we assessed correlations between resilience and specific variables (e.g., age, academic degree, time until diagnosis) and examined resilience differences between groups (e.g., sex, marital status, occupation, professional and social support).

Results

GNE myopathy was the most prevalent CDG among patients, while in family caregivers was PMM2-CDG. Both samples showed medium levels of resilience coping scores. Individuals with GNE myopathy had significantly higher scores of resilience compared to patients with other CDG. Resilience was positively correlated with educational degree in patients with CDG. Family caregivers had marginally significant higher scores of resilience coping if they received any kind of professional support or had contact with other families or people with the same or similar disease, compared with unsupported individuals.

Conclusions

Despite the inherited difficulties of living with a life-threatening disease like CDG, patients and family caregivers showed medium resilient coping levels. Resilience scores changed significantly considering the CDG genotype, individual's academic degree and professional and social support. These exploratory findings can empower the healthcare system and private institutions by promoting the development of targeted interventions to enhance individuals` coping skills and improve the overall well-being and mental health of the CDG community.
Perceptions and attitudes of Rohingya community stakeholders to pregnancy termination services: a qualitative study in camps of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Atiya , Strong Joe , Mondal Pragna Paramita , Maynard Audrey , Haque Tasnima , Moore Ann M. , Afsana Kaosar
Published: March 2024

Background

Rohingya women suffer from inaccessibility to sexual and reproductive health services in Myanmar. After the forcible displacement of the Rohingya from Myanmar to Bangladesh in 2017, pregnancy termination services have been increasingly important and desired, while knowledge gaps and obstacles to access services still exist. The role of community stakeholders is critical as gatekeepers and decision-makers to improve and strengthen pregnancy termination services for women in camps. However, there is paucity of evidence on their perspectives about pregnancy termination. This qualitative study aims to understand the perception and attitudes of Rohingya community stakeholders to pregnancy termination in the camps of Cox’s Bazar.

Methods

We used purposive sampling to select 48 participants from the community stakeholders, 12 from each group: majhis (Rohingya leaders), imams (religious leaders), school teachers, and married men. We conducted in-depth interviews of all the participants between May-June 2022 and October-November 2022. Data were coded on Atlas.ti and analysed using a thematic content analysis approach.

Results

Multiple socio-cultural and religious factors, gendered norms and stigma associated with pregnancy termination acted as barriers to women seeking services for it. From a religious stance, there was greater acceptance of pregnancy termination in the earlier period than in the later period of pregnancy. We observed that pregnancy termination among community stakeholders in earlier stages of pregnancy than later. However, circumstances, such as a woman’s marital status, whether she sought her husband’s permission or her ability of childcare capacity, were often framed by community stakeholders as ‘acceptable’ for pregnancy termination. Health concerns and social and contextual factors can influence community stakeholders supporting pregnancy termination.

Conclusions

The community stakeholders perspectives on barriers and enablers of pregnancy termination were variable with the context. These perspectives may support or impede women’s ability to choice to seek pregnancy termination services. To improve women’s choice to pregnancy termination, it is critical to consider roles of community stakeholders in creating their supporting attitudes to women’s choice and access, and to designing targeted culturally appropriate interventions with communities support and engagement.
Three near-complete genome assemblies reveal substantial centromere dynamics from diploid to tetraploid in Brachypodium genus
Authors: Chen Chuanye , Wu Siying , Sun Yishuang , Zhou Jingwei , Chen Yiqian , Zhang Jing , Birchler James A. , Han Fangpu , Yang Ning , Su Handong
Published: March 2024

Background

Centromeres are critical for maintaining genomic stability in eukaryotes, and their turnover shapes genome architectures and drives karyotype evolution. However, the co-evolution of centromeres from different species in allopolyploids over millions of years remains largely unknown.

Results

Here, we generate three near-complete genome assemblies, a tetraploid Brachypodium hybridum and its two diploid ancestors, Brachypodium distachyon and Brachypodium stacei. We detect high degrees of sequence, structural, and epigenetic variations of centromeres at base-pair resolution between closely related Brachypodium genomes, indicating the appearance and accumulation of species-specific centromere repeats from a common origin during evolution. We also find that centromere homogenization is accompanied by local satellite repeats bursting and retrotransposon purging, and the frequency of retrotransposon invasions drives the degree of interspecies centromere diversification. We further investigate the dynamics of centromeres during alloploidization process, and find that dramatic genetics and epigenetics architecture variations are associated with the turnover of centromeres between homologous chromosomal pairs from diploid to tetraploid. Additionally, our pangenomes analysis reveals the ongoing variations of satellite repeats and stable evolutionary homeostasis within centromeres among individuals of each Brachypodium genome with different polyploidy levels.

Conclusions

Our results provide unprecedented information on the genomic, epigenomic, and functional diversity of highly repetitive DNA between closely related species and their allopolyploid genomes at both coarse and fine scale.
Recording harms in randomised controlled trials of behaviour change interventions: a qualitative study of UK clinical trials units and NIHR trial investigators
Authors: Papaioannou Diana , Sprange Kirsty , Hamer-Kiwacz Sienna , Mooney Cara , Moody Gwenllian , Cooper Cindy
Published: March 2024

Background

Harms, also known as adverse events (AEs), are recorded and monitored in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to ensure participants’ safety. Harms are recorded poorly or inconsistently in RCTs of Behaviour Change Interventions (BCI); however, limited guidance exists on how to record harms in BCI trials. This qualitative study explored experiences and perspectives from multi-disciplinary trial experts on recording harms in BCI trials.

Methods

Data were collected through fifteen in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews and three focus groups with thirty-two participants who work in the delivery and oversight of clinical trials. Participants included multi-disciplinary staff from eight CTUs, Chief investigators, and patient and public representatives. Interviews and focus group recordings were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was used to analyse the transcripts.

Results

Five themes were identified, namely perception and understanding of harm, proportionate reporting and plausibility, the need for a multi-disciplinary approach, language of BCI harms and complex harms for complex interventions. Participants strongly believed harms should be recorded in BCI trials; however, making decisions on “how and what to record as harms” was difficult. Recording irrelevant harms placed a high burden on trial staff and participants, drained trial resources and was perceived as for little purpose. Participants believed proportionate recording was required that focused on events with a strong plausible link to the intervention. Multi-disciplinary trial team input was essential for identifying and collecting harms; however, this was difficult in practice due to lack of knowledge on harms from BCIs, lack of input or difference in opinion. The medical language of harms was recognised as a poor fit for BCI trial harms but was familiar and established within internal processes. Future guidance on this topic would be welcomed and could include summarised literature.

Conclusions

Recording harms or adverse events in behaviour change intervention trials is complex and challenging; multi-disciplinary experts in trial design and implementation welcome forthcoming guidance on this topic. Issues include the high burden of recording irrelevant harms and use of definitions originally designed for drug trials. Proportionate recording of harms focused on events with a strong plausible link to the intervention and multi-disciplinary team input into decision making are essential.
Evaluation of a financial incentive intervention on malaria prevalence among the residents in Lake Victoria basin, Kenya: study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Matsumoto Tomoya , Nagashima Masaru , Kagaya Wataru , Kongere James , Gitaka Jesse , Kaneko Akira
Published: March 2024

Background

In the Lake Victoria basin of western Kenya, malaria remains highly endemic despite high coverage of interventions such as mass distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN), indoor residual spraying (IRS) programs, and improvement of availability and accessibility of rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) at community healthcare facilities. We hypothesize that one major cause of the residual transmission is the lack of motivation among residents for malaria prevention and early treatment.

Methods

This study will aim to develop a demand-side policy tool to encourage local residents’ active malaria prevention and early treatment-seeking behaviors. We examine the causal impact of a financial incentive intervention complemented with malaria education to residents in malaria-prone areas. A cluster-randomized controlled trial is designed to assess the effect of the financial incentive intervention on reducing malaria prevalence in residents of Suba South in Homa Bay County, Kenya. The intervention includes two components. The first component is the introduction of a financial incentive scheme tied to negative RDT results for malaria infection among the target population. This study is an attempt to promote behavioral changes in the residents by providing them with monetary incentives. The project has two different forms of incentive schemes. One is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) that offers a small reward (200 Ksh) for non-infected subjects during the follow-up survey, and the other is a lottery incentive scheme (LIS) that gives a lottery with a 10% chance of winning a large reward (2000 Ksh) instead of the small reward. The second component is a knowledge enhancement with animated tablet-based malaria educational material (EDU) developed by the research team. It complements the incentive scheme by providing the appropriate knowledge to the residents for malaria elimination. We evaluate the intervention’s impact on the residents’ malaria prevalence using a cluster-randomized control trial.

Discussion

A policy tool to encourage active malaria prevention and early treatment to residents in Suba South, examined in this trial, may benefit other malaria-endemic counties and be incorporated as part of Kenya’s national malaria elimination strategy.

Trial registration

UMIN000047728. Registered on 29th July 2022.
Investigation of serum level relationship of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines with vitamin D among healthy Ghanaian population
Authors: Antwi Maxwell Hubert , Sakyi Samuel Asamoah , Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw , Buckman Tonnies Abeku , Yorke Joseph , Kwakye Aaron Siaw , Darban Isaac , Agoba Peter , Addei Akwasi Minnah
Published: March 2024

Background

The interplay between vitamin D status and inflammatory cytokines in a supposedly sufficient sunshine environment has not well been evaluated. The study sought to determine their association.

Methods

This cross-sectional study involved 500 healthy adult blood donors from some selected hospitals in Ghana enrolled from June to November 2016. Venous blood samples were obtained from participants, 25(OH)D, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL 10 were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Serum levels of 25(OH)D < 20ng/ml were classified as being deficient or low.

Results

The average age of the participants was 27.97 years. No statistically significant association was established between 25(OH) D status, mean age (p = 0.1693), and gender (p = 0.5461) of study participants. Similarly, the median 25(OH) D (p = 0.8392), IL-10 (p = 0.5355), TNF-alpha (p = 0.9740), and IFN-gamma (p = 0.6908) were not significantly different across gender. There was a significantly increased levels of TNF-alpha (p < 0.0001) and IFN-gamma (p < 0.0001) among participants with 25(OH) D deficiency compared to those without deficiency. Concurrently, participants with 25(OH)D deficiency had a significantly reduced levels of IL-10 (p < 0.0001) compared to those without 25 (OH) D deficiency. The most accurate biochemical markers for identifying 25 (OH) D deficiency were IFN-gamma (AUC = 0.879; p < 0.0001) followed by TNF-gamma (AUC = 0.849; p < 0.0001) and IL-10 (AUC = 0.707; p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

There was a significant association between vitamin D levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL 10) among healthy Ghanaian populace.
Enriching the FIDEO ontology with food-drug interactions from online knowledge sources
Authors: Azzi Rabia , Bordea Georgeta , Griffier Romain , Nikiema Jean Noël , Mougin Fleur
Published: March 2024

The increasing number of articles on adverse interactions that may occur when specific foods are consumed with certain drugs makes it difficult to keep up with the latest findings. Conflicting information is available in the scientific literature and specialized knowledge bases because interactions are described in an unstructured or semi-structured format. The ontology aims to integrate and represent information about food-drug interactions in a structured way. This article reports on the new version of this ontology in which more than 1700 interactions are integrated from two online resources: DrugBank and Hedrine. These food-drug interactions have been represented in in the form of precompiled concepts, each of which specifies both the food and the drug involved. Additionally, competency questions that can be answered are reviewed, and avenues for further enrichment are discussed.
The association between self-esteem and aesthetic component of smile among adolescents
Authors: Gavic Lidia , Budimir Mihaela , Tadin Antonija
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Self-esteem plays a crucial role during adolescence in a shaping of an individual’s overall well-being and confidence. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the self-esteem in adolescents and their smile aesthetics, as well as to assess the alignment of opinions on this matter between adolescents and dentists.

Methods

Sample included 413 students in Split-Dalmatia County, aged 13 to 18 (60% females). Data on demographic issues, orthodontic history, and desire for orthodontic treatment were collected by the self-administrated questionnaire. Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory was also used. Smile aesthetics was assessed by each participant and dentist independently using an Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN AC).

Results

Self-esteem was higher in adolescents who rated their smile aesthetics equally to the dentist than in those who considered their aesthetics to be worse than the dentist (18.5 vs. 16; P = 0.011). The multiple linear regression revealed that the self-esteem of adolescents was positively related to undergone previous orthodontic treatment (β = 1.286, P = 0.020) while negatively related to the female gender (β = −2.531, P ≤ 0.001) and IOTN AC assessed by dentist (β = −0.356, P = 0.015). It was not related to educational level or desire for orthodontic treatment.

Conclusion

The self-esteem in adolescence is influenced the most by gender, but the orthodontic treatment and better smile aesthetics might also contribute.
Esmolol increases the fecal abundance of Lactobacillus in a rat model of sepsis
Authors: Yao Bo , Wang Fu-hua , Han Xiao-ning , Yang Jun , Xue Ping , Qi Qi , Wei Guang-yao , Xing Jin-yan
Published: March 2024

Background

Disorders of the gut microbiome could be responsible for the progression of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. In this study, we examined the effect of esmolol on the gut microbiome in a rat model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).

Methods

The animals (n = 32) were randomly divided into 3 groups: Sham group (sham operation + normal saline treatment, n = 8), CLP group (cecal ligation and puncture + normal saline treatment, n = 12), and CLP + ESM group (cecal ligation and puncture + esmolol treatment, n = 12). After 24 h, feces in the colon were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and nitric oxide analysis. In addition, colon was removed for immunohistochemical staining of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).

Results

Four rats in the CLP group and two rats in the CLP + ESM group died. The abundance of Lactobacillus in the CLP + ESM group was higher than CLP group (P = 0.048). In the linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis, Norank f Muribaculaceae, Escherichia–Shigella and Lactobacillus were the predominant bacteria in the Sham group, CLP group and CLP + ESM group, respectively. The iNOS expression in colonocytes stained by brown in the CLP group were much more than Sham group (P = 0.001). Compared to CLP group, the iNOS expression in colonocytes reduced after esmolol treatment (P = 0.013). The concentration of nitric oxide in colon feces was different in Sham group, CLP group and CLP + ESM group (1.31 ± 0.15μmmol/l vs. 1.98 ± 0.27μmmol/l vs. 1.51 ± 0.14μmmol/l, P = 0.001). In addition, the concentration of nitric oxide in CLP group was higher than Sham group (P = 0.001) or CLP + ESM group (P = 0.001).

Conclusions

Esmolol increased the fecal abundance of Lactobacillus in a rat model of sepsis. Moreover, esmolol reduced the iNOS expression of colonocytes and the nitric oxide concentration of colon feces.
Thermal effects of rayon and polyester hijabs in warm-humid and hot-dry environments
Authors: Salsabila Syifa , Stenkina Maria , Sakina Sabrina Ilma , Lee Joo-Young
Published: March 2024

Hijabs are predominantly worn in hot environments, but very rare studies on the thermo-physiological effects of wearing hijabs are found. We investigated the effects of wearing rayon and polyester hijabs on wearers’ physiological and subjective responses in warm-humid and hot-dry environments. Eight females (25.0 ± 2.3 y in age, 157.7 ± 4.1 cm in height, and 50.8 ± 7.5 kg in weight) participated in three conditions (No hijab, rayon hijab, and polyester hijab condition) during exercise in two thermal environments: a warm-humid (30 °C and 70%RH) and a hot-dry environment (36 °C and 30%RH), which generated an identical wet-bulb globe temperature at 27 °C. The results showed that no differences in rectal temperature were found among the three clothing conditions or the two environments, whereas auditory canal temperature was higher in the hot-dry than in the warm-humid environment (P < 0.05) with no differences between the polyester and rayon hijab conditions. Mean skin temperature and neck temperature were higher for the polyester condition than for the rayon condition in the warm-humid environment (P < 0.05). Sweat rate was greater for the polyester hijab condition than for the no hijab condition in the warm-humid environment (P = 0.049). Heart rate was greater for the polyester hijab condition than for the other two conditions in the warm-humid environment (P < 0.05). Subjects felt more thermally uncomfortable when wearing the polyester hijab than the rayon hijab in the warm-humid environment. Greater thermal burden of the polyester hijab when compared to the rayon hijab was marked in the warm-humid environment, not in the hot-dry environment.
Examination of risk factors for high Edinburgh postnatal depression scale scores: a retrospective study at a single university hospital in Japan
Authors: Shiga Tomomi , Furui Tatsuro , Morishige Ken-ichirou
Published: March 2024

Background

Perinatal mental health, such as postpartum depression, is an important issue that can threaten the lives of women and children. It is essential to understand the risk factors in advance and intervene before they can lead to postnatal depression. The risk factors of postpartum depression are reported to vary considerably in Japan. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for women with high Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores and to find women who may need our intervention to prevent postpartum depression.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study conducted at a single center. At the one-month check-up after birth, the EPDS test was performed in 1625 women who gave birth at our hospital from 2008 to 2016. We evaluated maternal, birth, neonatal and social factors and the breastfeeding status from medical records. Thereafter, we examined the factors that contributed to a high EPDS score.

Results

There were 284 women in the high-score group with an EPDS of ≥ 9, and 1341 women in the low-score group with an EPDS score ≤ of 8. Maternal mental disorders and neonatal transport were significantly associated with high EPDS scores. Conversely, exclusive breastfeeding was significantly associated with the low-score EPDS group.

Conclusions

The principal factor for high EPDS scores was a mental disease. Based on this result, we suggest that early intervention in women at high risk for postpartum depression could prevent serious consequences such as abuse and suicide.
Vaccination status, incidence of adverse events, and awareness of COVID-19 vaccine among outpatients undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Iwakawa Satoshi , Azechi Takuya , Saigo Orie , Imai Ryunosuke , Nakai Ayumi , Koshiba Shoji , Saito Uki , Asakura Kota , Sato Kuniyoshi , Kimura Toshimi
Published: March 2024

Background

Cancer has been identified as a risk factor for severe illness and mortality in coronavirus disease (COVID-19), underscoring the importance of recommending COVID-19 vaccinations to patients with cancer. However, few reports have focused on the vaccination status and the incidence of adverse events among patients with cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the vaccination status, incidence of adverse events, concerns, and anxiety related to COVID-19 vaccination among patients with cancer. In addition, we explored the utilization of information sources by these patients and the ease of use.

Methods

A survey was conducted among outpatients undergoing chemotherapy who received medication counseling from a pharmacist at Juntendo University Hospital. Responses were gathered from 60 out of the 143 participants. Of the respondents, 96.7% had received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Results

Common adverse events included pain at the injection site, fever, and fatigue, which were experienced by nearly half of the respondents. Approximately 80% expressed some concern regarding vaccination, with predominant concerns about timing in the context of ongoing cancer treatment and surgery. Among the respondents, 41.7% consulted primary care physicians regarding the vaccine, with only one mentioning consultation with hospital pharmacists. Notably, primary care physicians were considered the most approachable and useful healthcare professionals.

Conclusions

These results suggest that patients with cancer can safely receive the vaccine, comparable to patients without cancer. However, they still harbor concerns, even when seeking advice from primary care physicians. Few patients consulted pharmacists about vaccination, highlighting an opportunity for pharmacist intervention. Pharmacists fostering trust with patients with cancer is imperative to explore pharmacist intervention methods to promote the continued administration of COVID-19 vaccines and enhance the quality of life for them.
Food and nutrition knowledge, attitudes and practices among children in public primary school with canteens in southern Benin: a case study
Authors: Bello Faïck , Koukou Elie , Bodjrenou Sam , Termote Céline , Azokpota Paulin , Hounkpatin Waliou Amoussa
Published: March 2024

Background

Food and nutrition notion among schoolchildren in Benin is still less documented. Few studies have examined the determinants of food and nutrition among schoolchildren while others have attempted to link knowledge, attitudes and practices to diet. The present study aims to evaluate food and nutrition knowledge, attitudes and practices among schoolchildren enrolled in public primary schools canteens in Cotonou and its surroundings.

Methods

A diagnostic study was conducted in twelve public primary schools with canteens. A structured interview questionnaire was used to collect data from 861 schoolchildren aged 7 to 14 years. Three scores were used to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice. The overall score was the total of correct responses. The maximum score for all the three parameters was 15, 6 and 4 respectively for knowledge, attitude and practices. Data were analyzed using STATA 16. Logistic regression was performed to identify the relationship between food and nutrition practices and knowledge and attitude. Pearson goodness of fit test was performed to verify the adequacy of the model. A P-value of less than 0.05 (P < 0.05) was considered significant at 95% confidence interval.

Results

schoolchildren’s nutrition knowledge was low (mean score 2.52 ± 1.33) while attitude and practices were acceptable (mean score 4.08 ± 1.39 and 2.84 ± 0.77). Only 18.2% of schoolchildren knew the different food groups and 3.4% knew that they should eat at least five fruits and vegetables a day. Most of the schoolchildren (93.6%) were favorable to eat at least five fruits and vegetables and 86.8% were willing to eat more than 3 times a day. Among all practices, snacking between meals and eating breakfast were poorly observed by the schoolchildren. Nutrition knowledge was associated with practices observed among schoolchildren but not with attitudes. However, a significant positive association was observed (p < 0.05) between attitudes and practices.

Conclusion

Knowledge on food and nutrition among schoolchildren from public primary schools with canteen was low. This study suggests implementation of nutritional education to improve schoolchildren’s knowledge and attitudes towards healthy diets and nutrition.
Yeast mannan rich fraction positively influences microbiome uniformity, productivity associated taxa, and lay performance
Authors: Leigh Robert J. , Corrigan Aoife , Murphy Richard A. , Taylor-Pickard Jules , Moran Colm A. , Walsh Fiona
Published: March 2024

Background

Alternatives to antibiotic as growth promoters in agriculture, such as supplemental prebiotics, are required to maintain healthy and high performing animals without directly contributing to antimicrobial resistance bioburden. While the gut microbiota of broiler hens has been well established and successfully correlated to performance, to our knowledge, a study has yet to be completed on the effect of prebiotic supplementation on correlating the mature laying hen productivity and microbiota. This study focused on establishing the impact of a yeast derived prebiotic, mannan rich fraction (MRF), on the cecal microbiota of late laying hens. This study benefitted from large sample sizes so intra- and intergroup variation effects could be statistically accounted for.

Results

Taxonomic richness was significantly greater at all taxonomic ranks and taxonomic evenness was significantly lower for all taxonomic ranks in MRF-supplemented birds (P < 0.005). Use of principal coordinate analyses and principal component analyses found significant variation between treatment groups. When assessed for compositional uniformity (an indicator of flock health), microbiota in MRF-supplemented birds was more uniform than control birds at the species level. From a food safety and animal welfare perspective, Campylobacter jejuni was significantly lower in abundance in MRF-supplemented birds. In this study, species associated with high weight gain (an anticorrelator of performance in laying hens) were significantly lower in abundance in laying hens while health-correlated butyrate and propionate producing species were significantly greater in abundance in MRF-supplemented birds.

Conclusions

The use of prebiotics may be a key factor in controlling the microbiota balance limiting agri-food chain pathogen persistence and in promoting uniformity. In previous studies, increased α- and β-diversity indices were determinants of pathogen mitigation and performance. MRF-supplemented birds in this study established greater α- and β-diversity indices in post-peak laying hens, greater compositional uniformity across samples, a lower pathogenic bioburden and a greater abundance of correlators of performance.
Concomitant thyroiditis and orchitis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors detected on [18F]FDG PET/CT
Authors: Filippi Luca , Proietti Ilaria , Morea Simone , Potenza Concetta
Published: March 2024

Background

The clinical management of malignant melanoma (MM) has undergone a significant revolution with the implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). While these therapeutic agents stimulate the host immune system against cancer, they may also lead to immune-related adverse events (IrAEs). Positron emission computed tomography (PET/CT) with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) has proven successful in detecting IrAEs in cancer patients undergoing ICI. In our case, we report a rare occurrence of ICIs-induced concomitant thyroiditis and orchitis detected on [18F]FDG PET/CT.

Case presentation

We present a case involving a 61-year-old man referred to our hospital due to MM. Following surgical excision and sentinel lymph node mapping, he underwent an initial [18F]FDG PET/CT, which yielded negative results. However, a follow-up PET/CT after 9 months revealed metastases in the lungs and lymph nodes. Subsequently, he initiated an ICI-based therapeutic regimen. After 3 months, he reported progressively worsening fatigue and the onset of testicular pain. A testicular ultrasound showed heterogeneous echotexture in both testicles with mildly increased vascularity. A subsequent PET/CT demonstrated complete regression of previously described pathological lesions in the lungs and metastatic lymph nodes. However, diffusely increased tracer uptake was observed in both the thyroid gland and testicles, findings absent in the pre-ICI examination. These were interpreted as IrAEs and promptly treated with corticosteroids, resulting in complete resolution of symptoms.

Conclusions

[18F]FDG PET/CT plays a crucial role in staging and monitoring treatment response in cancer patients. When assessing subjects undergoing ICI-based therapies, particular emphasis should be given to detecting unusual IrAEs, as exemplified in our case.
African women and young people as agriculture service providers—business models, benefits, gaps and opportunities
Authors: Kadzamira Mariam , Chege Florence , Suntharalingam Chubashini , Bundi Mary , Likoko Linda , Magero Deogratius , Romney Dannie , Kansiime Monica , Mulema Joseph
Published: March 2024

We use a combination of a global desk review of the literature with information from an on-going action research in Kenya to provide insights into the main characteristics, benefits and shortfalls of business models for engaging women and young people in agricultural service provision in Africa. The findings demonstrate that the engagement of African women and young people in agricultural service provision is not a panacea to the challenges they face. However various business models have been successful in contributing to economic empowerment, to increasing entrepreneurial activities and to upskilling of women and young people engaged as service providers. Business models that are successful are place-based and people-focused, market-driven and focused on value chains. Challenges however abound due to various factors, hence for sustainability there is need for multi-sectoral inter-institutional collaboration that pulls in funding and which makes a case for private sector buy-in. Future research should focus on increasing the evidence base to understand if successes with inclusion of women and young people in agricultural service provision has an influence on emerging agricultural policy. Research should also rigorously assess the extent to which successful agricultural service provision business models are engendered, provide sufficient levels of renumeration and the extent to which they impact farmer outcomes.
Development and application of the Demands for Population Health Interventions (Depth) framework for categorising the agentic demands of population health interventions
Authors: Garrott Kate , Ogilvie David , Panter Jenna , Petticrew Mark , Sowden Amanda , Jones Catrin P. , Foubister Campbell , Lawlor Emma R. , Ikeda Erika , Patterson Richard , van Tulleken Dolly , Armstrong-Moore Roxanne , Vethanayakam Gokulan , Bo Lorna , White Martin , Adams Jean
Published: March 2024

Background

The ‘agentic demand’ of population health interventions (PHIs) refers to the capacity, resources and freedom to act that interventions demand of their recipients to benefit, which have a socio-economical pattern. Highly agentic interventions, e.g. information campaigns, rely on recipients noticing and responding to the intervention and thus might affect intervention effectiveness and equity. The absence of an adequate framework to classify agentic demands limits the fields’ ability to systematically explore these associations.

Methods

We systematically developed the Demands for Population Health Interventions (Depth) framework using an iterative approach: (1) developing the Depth framework by systematically identifying examples of PHIs aiming to promote healthier diets and physical activity, coding of intervention actors and actions and synthesising the data to develop the framework; (2) testing the Depth framework in online workshops with academic and policy experts and a quantitative reliability assessment. We applied the final framework in a proof-of-concept review, extracting studies from three existing equity-focused systematic reviews on framework category, overall effectiveness and differential socioeconomic effects and visualised the findings in harvest plots.

Results

The Depth framework identifies three constructs influencing agentic demand: exposure — initial contact with intervention (two levels), mechanism of action — how the intervention enables or discourages behaviour (five levels) and engagement — recipient response (two levels). When combined, these constructs form a matrix of 20 possible classifications. In the proof-of-concept review, we classified all components of 31 interventions according to the Depth framework. Intervention components were concentrated in a small number of Depth classifications; Depth classification appeared to be related to intervention equity but not effectiveness.

Conclusions

This framework holds potential for future research, policy and practice, facilitating the design, selection and evaluation of interventions and evidence synthesis.
A systematic review of COVID-19 and the presentation of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder-like symptoms
Authors: Maunder Kristen , Markey Oscar , Batchelor Rachel , McNicholas Fiona
Published: March 2024

Background

The adverse effects of COVID-19 and the associated restrictions on eating disorder populations have been discussed in recent literature. However, little is known about the presentation of cases with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) during this period.

Aims

To explore the extent of the literature on the presentation of ARFID, and ARFID-like cases, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method

Cochrane Library, CINAHL (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO), EMBASE (Ovid) and Medline (Ovid) were searched for publications between March 2020 and May 2023. Google Scholar and reference lists were hand searched. At least two reviewers independently screened each paper. Narrative synthesis was used.

Results

Seven papers were included: four case reports and three cohort studies (total ARFID sample of 46). Included papers were assessed as having high (n = 3) or moderate (n = 4) quality. Findings did not suggest an increase in ARFID cases during the COVID-19 pandemic, although it is unclear if this is because of a lack of impact or underrecognition of ARFID. A need for a multidisciplinary approach to differentiate between ARFID and organic causes of ARFID-like presentations (e.g. gastrointestinal effects of COVID-19) was highlighted.

Conclusions

Publications specifically pertaining to ARFID presentations during the COVID-19 pandemic have been few. Papers found have been of small sample sizes and lack subanalyses for ARFID within broader eating disorder samples. Continued surveillance is needed to evaluate any COVID-19-specific effects on the development, identification, treatment and outcomes of ARFID.
Trajectory of adjustment difficulties following disaster: 10-year longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Pacella Belinda J. , Cowlishaw Sean , Gibbs Lisa , Bryant Richard A. , Brady Kate , Gallagher Colin , Molyneaux Robyn , Gibson Kari , Block Karen , Harms Louise , Forbes David , O'Donnell Meaghan L.
Published: March 2024

Background

Although much is known about psychopathology such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression following bushfire (also known as wildfire), little is known about prevalence, trajectory and impacts for those experiencing general adjustment difficulties following exposure to these now-common events.

Aims

This was an exploratory analysis of a large cohort study that examined the prevalence, trajectory and risk factors of probable adjustment disorder over a 10-year period following bushfire exposure.

Method

The Beyond Bushfires study assessed individuals exposed to a large and deadly bushfire across three time points spanning 10 years. Self-report survey data from participants from areas with moderate and high levels of fire-affectedness were analysed: n = 802 participants at Wave 1 (3–4 years post-fires), n = 596 at Wave 2 (5 years post-fires) and n = 436 at Wave 3 (10 years post-fires). Surveys indexed fire-related experiences and post-fire stressors, and comprised the six-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (probable adjustment disorder index), four-item Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (probable fire-related PTSD) and nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (probable major depressive episode).

Results

Prevalence of probable adjustment disorder was 16% (Wave 1), 15% (Wave 2) and 19% (Wave 3). Probable adjustment disorder at 3–4 years post-fires predicted a five-fold increase in risk for escalating to severe psychiatric disorder (i.e. probable fire-related PTSD/major depressive episode) at 10 years post-fires, and was associated with post-fire income and relationship stressors.

Conclusions

Adjustment difficulties are prevalent post-disaster, many of which are maintained and exacerbated over time, resulting in increased risk for later disorder and adaptation difficulties. Psychosocial interventions supporting survivors with adjustment difficulties may prevent progression to more severe disorder.
Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism Due to Transaldolase Deficiency: Two Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Takaleh Akram , Abunamous Nasser , AlShamsi Aisha , Alhassani Noura , Almazrouei Raya
Published: March 2024

Transaldolase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism caused by pathogenic/likely pathogenic biallelic mutations in the TALDO1 gene. This disorder is characterized by multisystem involvement with variable phenotypes, including intrauterine growth restriction; dysmorphic features; abnormal skin; hepatosplenomegaly; cytopenia; and cardiac, renal, and endocrine abnormalities. Herein, we present two Emirati patients with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism due to transaldolase deficiency and variable phenotypes of systemic involvement.
Third Worlds Within
Authors: Widener Daniel , Prashad Vijay
Published: March 2024

In Third Worlds Within, Daniel Widener expands conceptions of the struggle for racial justice by reframing antiracist movements in the United States in a broader internationalist context. For Widener, antiracist struggles at home are connected to and profoundly shaped by similar struggles abroad. Drawing from an expansive historical archive and his own activist and family history, Widener explores the links between local and global struggles throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. He uncovers what connects seemingly disparate groups like Japanese American and Black communities in Southern California or American folk musicians and revolutionary movements in Asia. He also centers the expansive vision of global Indigenous movements, the challenges of Black/Brown solidarity, and the influence of East Asian organizing on the US Third World Left. In the process, Widener reveals how the fight against racism unfolds both locally and globally and creates new forms of solidarity. Highlighting the key strategic role played by US communities of color in efforts to defeat the conjoined forces of capitalism, racism, and imperialism, Widener produces a new understanding of history that informs contemporary social struggle.