bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography evolutive features in acute macular neuroretinopathy
Authors: Azar Georges , Wolff Benjamin , Cornut Pierre-Loïc , Sahel José-Alain , Mauget-Faÿsse Martine
Published: May 2012

Purpose

To demonstrate the usefulness of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in investigating the evolution of the retinal outer lesions seen in acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN).

Methods

A 32-year-old woman presented with a 1-day history of paracentral dark spot in the left eye, preceded by a flulike illness. A full ophthalmologic examination, color vision, visual field examination, and conventional imaging of the retina were done. Scanning laser ophthalmoscopic infrared imaging and SD-OCT of the macular region were performed.

Results

Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Slit-lamp examination as well as retinal photographs were unrevealing. Scanning laser ophthalmoscopic infrared examination showed a dark, sharp, oval area in the macular region that corresponded to a rounded patch drawn by the patient on an Amsler grid. The SD-OCT showed focal highly reflective lesion of outer plexiform layer (OPL) extending to the outer nuclear layer. After recovery of the OPL, follow-up SD-OCT showed an associated disruption of the external limiting membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium inner band as well as thinning of the inner segment/outer segment junction. Retinal inner layers were otherwise normal.

Conclusions

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography is of particular interest in the diagnosis of AMN. It is also very useful in featuring the chronological events happening in the outer retina. As the lesions shown are confined to the outer layers, this condition should be called acute macular outer retinopathy rather than AMN.
Moravians in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World
Authors: Engel Katherine Carté
Published: May 2012

In its first sixty years, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, went from being an energetic hub of evangelical outreach to a quiet retreat in the northeastern Pennsylvania hills. During the settlement's early decades, the Moravians took advantage of Britain's broad pro-Protestant policies and of the expanding Atlantic economy. Deep engagement also brought friction, however. This article argues that Bethlehem's retreat resulted from its very engagement in the wider British Atlantic world and from the difficulties caused by the Moravians' desire to remain a distinct community in a rapidly changing political and religious environment.
Broken Silence: A Commentary on Women's Entrepreneurship in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Madichie Nnamdi O. , Gallant Monica
Published: May 2012

Drawing upon the scant literature on women's entrepreneurship in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), this paper explores the motivations of women business owners in the country based on 10 in-depth interviews. Considering the patriarchal socio-cultural environmental context associated with the Middle East, a number of surprising dynamics are highlighted in the specific case of the UAE. Growing numbers of women graduates and businesses are observed, which suggests that the historical silence among this group is gradually being broken and that changes in government policies and the socio-cultural environment are the key drivers behind this evolution. The paper will benefit both scholars and government agencies interested in the dynamics of women's entrepreneurship in the UAE and, by extension, the Arab world.
Motivations of Gay Entrepreneurs
Authors: Redien-Collot Renaud
Published: May 2012

This study explores how gay, lesbian and bisexual entrepreneurs develop specific skills in articulating the construct of appropriateness in relation to mainstream and gay culture. In comparing 90 French and American entrepreneurs, the author observed that the three groups identified – reconcilers, transcenders and resisters – demonstrated a set of original initiatives that challenge the mainstream political order in their opportunity exploration and exploitation processes. The construct of appropriateness may constitute a significant variable with which to study contrasts in commitment and performances that can be observed between mainstream and minority entrepreneurs.
Gefitinib in Combination with Weekly Docetaxel in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Caused Unexpected Toxicity: Results from a Randomized Phase II Clinical Trial
Authors: Engebraaten Olav , Edvardsen Hege , Løkkevik Erik , Naume Bjørn , Kristensen Vessela , Ottestad Lars , Natarajan Vasanti
Published: May 2012

In patients with metastatic breast cancer, taxane treatment demonstrates activity but is not curative. Targeted treatment modalities are therefore necessary in order to improve outcomes in this group. A randomized placebo-controlled phase II trial was initiated to evaluate effect and toxicity of gefitinib (250 mg QD) and docetaxel 35 mg/m2(six of seven weeks) (NCT 00319618). The inclusion of 66 patients was planned. The study was closed due to treatment-related toxicity. Of the 18 included patients, seven (of which three received gefitinib) were withdrawn from the study due to toxicity. Of the nine patients receiving gefitinib and chemotherapy, one achieved a partial response and four stable disease. In the chemotherapy of nine patients, four had a partial response and four stable disease. The breast cancer patients in this study were genotyped using a panel of 14 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), previously found associated with docetaxel clearance in a cohort of lung cancer patients. We were unable to identify genes related to toxicity in this study. Nevertheless, toxicity was aggravated by the addition of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor. In conclusion, despite adequately tolerated as monotherapy, combination regimens should be carefully considered for overlapping adverse events in order to avoid increased treatment-related toxicity.
Tensor Products of Noncommutative Lp-Spaces
Authors: Utudee Somlak
Published: May 2012

We consider the notion of tensor product of noncommutative Lp spaces associated with finite von Neumann algebras and define the notion of tensor product of Haagerup noncommutative Lp spaces associated with σ-finite von Neumann algebras.
Circulating Thyroid Hormones and Indices of Energy and Lipid Metabolism in Normal and Hormonally Induced Oestrus Cows
Authors: Mehdi Mohebbi-Fani  , Saeed Nazifi  , Somayeh Bahrami   , Omid Jamshidi
Published: May 2012

In a field study, circulating thyroid hormones, their free forms and indices of energy and lipid metabolism were measured in blood samples of 16 dairy cows expressing detectable oestrus signs. The cows were divided into two equal groups according to their days in milk (DIM=53-90 and DIM=100-150). In each group, 4 cows expressed the oestrus signs normally and the others were induced by hormone injection. Serum thyroxin (T4), free thyroxin (fT4), triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (fT3), glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglyceride (TAG), cholesterol, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL-cholesterol), low density lipoproteins (LDL-cholesterol) and high density lipoproteins (HDL-cholesterol) were investigated. Comparison of all oestrus cows (normal or induced) between DIM groups (n=8 each) revealed lower levels of T4 (P=0.027) and T3 (P=0.022), but higher concentrations of fT4 (P=0.031) and fT3 (P=0.006) in the cows with lower DIM. Higher concentrations of TAG and VLDL (P=0.021) and cholesterol (P=0.046) as well as a tendency (P=0.074) for lower levels of BHB were other remarkable findings in cows with lower DIM. In cows with DIM=53-90, the normal oestrus cows had higher levels of T3 (P=0.044) as well as tendencies (P=0.083) for higher T4 and lower fT4 compared with induced cows. In cows with DIM=100-150, however, no significant difference was observed between the normal and induced oestrus cows. In conclusion, the cows that express oestrus signs normally may have better metabolic and thyroid hormone conditions compared to those that express heat by hormone injection. With progress in DIM, however, such differences may become less evident.
Radiolytic Reduction of Aqueous Solutions of a Commercial Reactive Dye in the Range 0-100KGY by CO60 Gamma Radiation Source
Authors: Taqmeem Hussain  , Muhammad Shahbaz  , Inam-ul-Haq  , Hashim Farooq
Published: May 2012

Gamma dosimetric behavior of the aqueous solutions of the Sandalfix Golden Yellow CRL (SGY-145) dye was studied. The sample solutions of two chemical natures i.e., Acidic and Alkaline; were irradiated by Co60 γ-sources in the range 0-100kGy. The “Control samples” were remained un-irradiated and also chemically neutral. The dosimetry was done in three phases i.e., Low, Intermediate and High, ranging from 100-1000Gy, 1-10kGy and 10-100kGy respectively. The found values of the “λmax” and the molar extinction coefficient “ε” of the dye were 467 nm and 3.4×103 mol-1cm-1respectively. The absorbance (A) of the aqueous solutions was studied at the absorption band maxima (λmax). The behavior of “Alkaline and Acidic solutions” was checked with the help of curve fitting
Effects of Lead Acetate on Morphology of Musca domestica L. (Muscidae: Dipptera)
Authors: Rizwanul Haq  , M.farhan Ullah Khan   , Ehtesham ul Haq
Published: May 2012

Lead is significant environmental pollutant which contaminates food, soil, water, and air. Insects too are influenced easily by such pollutants, therefore present study have been designed to study the influence of lead (as lead acetate) on external morphology of Musca domestica. The different concentrations of lead acetate, i.e., 0.25 mg., 0.5 mg, and 01 mg per ml in diet of Musca domestica, were added ad effects were observed after 48 hours. Results revealed that in addition to abnormalities and malformation the larvae, morphological changes in adults were observed such as elongated and de-shaped wings and elongated and folded legs. Some other structural abnormalities of larvae and pupal shape were also observed (tell briefly what were those changes. Thus the Diptera flies present a useful model for the rapid screening of the environmental hazards due to lead contamination, which exerts a definite physiological and morphological effect on these flies.
(Com)partiendo el secreto, entre la ley y la ficción (la literatura y lo político en el pensamiento de Jacques Derrida)
Authors: Manrique Carlos Andrés
Published: May 2012

To understand Derrida’s conception of the relationship between literature and politics, one needs to begin with his reflection on the connection between the production of meaning in language, on the one hand, and the demarcation of borders in socio-political space, on the other. For Derrida, literature is a specific kind of writing that, by intensifying the limits of meaning, suspends or de-stabilizes the socio-political borders erected by all institutional normativity. This article reflects on the mutual entanglement, thus emphasized by Derrida, between a certain idea of “literature” and a certain idea of “democracy.” What is at stake here is the possibility of configuring the political community by other means. This possibility implies the challenge of re-thinking the exercise of freedom and the affirmation of an unrestricted universality, no longer in the transparency of a fully-accountable subject or in the space of intelligibility of discursive rationality, as we are used to thinking about them. But rather, it is a freedom associated with an irreducible opacity of the subject, and a universality associated with an instance of excess (the “secret’), which dislocates the structure of discursive meaning. By pointing out suggestive points of convergence between several late Kantian texts and some works by Derrida on the apophatic writing of medieval mysticism, the article attempts to show how Derrida’s meditation on the political function of literature prompts us to question and de-stabilize the opposition between “Enlightenment” and “mysticism”, and a series of dichotomies tied the latter that have become dogmatic in our understanding of politics.
Los cuerpos en dolor (I): emblemática del régimen ético de la violencia
Authors: Guerrero Juan Carlos
Published: May 2012

This paper offers a reflection on how massacred body has been configured as an image of an emblematic, in which both victims and killers’ bodies are inscribed in an ethical regime of actions and practices with important implications of political order.
Microalgae‐Based Dual Drug Delivery System with Enhanced Articular Cavity Retention for Osteoarthritis Treatment
Authors: Liang Feng , Zhao Chenchen , Zheng Yixin , Zhong Danni , Zhou Min
Published: June 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease globally, and the availability of effective treatments for OA remains limited. Recent research has shown that metformin offers pleiotropic advantages in the development of OA. However, the therapeutic effects of metformin are hindered by inadequate residence time within the joints, instability, and low bioavailability. In this study, the utilization of natural microalgae S. platensis (SP) is proposed as carriers for metformin, resulting in the development of a metformin delivery system (SP@Met) as a dual drug delivery system that exhibits responsive dual drug cascade release and improved retention within the articular cavity. The local administration of SP@Met has demonstrated efficacy in extending the drug retention time within the articular cavity, while also enabling cascade release of both metformin and phycocyanin. SP@Met can effectively eliminate reactive oxygen species, reduce the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and restore the balance of cartilage anabolism and catabolism, thereby impeding the progression of OA. This therapeutic approach utilizes a natural microalgae carrier to facilitate efficient delivery of metformin to the articular cavity, resulting in synergistic therapeutic efficacy and offering a promising avenue for the management of OA for potential clinical application.
Double‐Hollow Au@CdS Yolk@Shell Nanostructures as Superior Plasmonic Photocatalysts for Solar Hydrogen Production
Authors: Chen Yi‐An , Nakayasu Yuhi , Lin Yu‐Chang , Kao Jui‐Cheng , Hsiao Kai‐Chi , Le Quang‐Tuyen , Chang Kao‐Der , Wu Ming‐Chung , Chou Jyh‐Pin , Pao Chun‐Wei , Chang Tso‐Fu Mark , Sone Masato , Chen Chun‐Yi , Lo Yu‐Chieh , Lin Yan‐Gu , Yamakata Akira , Hsu Yung‐Jung
Published: June 2024

Structural engineering has proven effective in tailoring the photocatalytic properties of semiconductor nanostructures. In this work, a sophisticated double‐hollow yolk@shell nanostructure composed of a plasmonic, mobile, hollow Au nanosphere (HGN) yolk and a permeable, hollow CdS shell is proposed to achieve remarkable solar hydrogen production. The shell thickness of HGN@CdS is finely adjusted from 7.7, 18.4 to 24.5 nm to investigate its influence on the photocatalytic performance. Compared with pure HGN, pure CdS, a physical mixture of HGN and CdS, and a counterpart single‐hollow cit‐Au@CdS yolk@shell nanostructure, HGN@CdS exhibits superior hydrogen production under visible light illumination (λ = 400–700 nm). The apparent quantum yield of hydrogen production reaches 8.2% at 320 nm, 6.2% at 420 nm, and 4.4% at 660 nm. The plasmon‐enhanced activity at 660 nm is exceptional, surpassing the plasmon‐induced photoactivities of the state‐of‐the‐art plasmonic photocatalysts ever reported. The superiority of HGN@CdS originates from the creation of charge separation state at HGN/CdS heterojunction, the considerably long‐lived hot electrons of plasmonic HGN, the magnified electric field, and the advantageous features of double‐hollow yolk@shell nanostructures. The findings can provide a guideline for the rational design of versatile double‐hollow yolk@shell nanostructures for widespread photocatalytic applications.
A Safe Ether Electrolyte Enabling High‐Rate Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Tao , Li Liang , Zou Jiahang , Yao Yiqing , Zhang Qingan , Jiang Zhipeng , Li Yongtao
Published: June 2024

High‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) hold enormous potential for future energy storage systems but are plagued by poor cycling stability and safety concerns, especially under high‐rate conditions. The addition of fluorinated solvents to the electrolyte is effective in enhancing the stability of the lithium metal anode (LMA) and improving safety for LMBs. However, the extensive introduction of fluorinated solvents is not conducive to the transport of lithium‐ions (Li+), thereby negatively affecting the rate performance of LMBs. Herein, a safe ether electrolyte (SEE) is designed that exhibits both high Li+ conductivity and nonflammability, while maintaining high compatibility with the LMA. Li–LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cells utilizing SEE can demonstrate remarkable electrochemical performance, delivering a discharge capacity of 113.1 mAh g⁻¹ at rates as high as 30 C and maintaining 90% of their initial capacity over 300 cycles at 10 C. Moreover, a practical Li‐NCM811 full cell assembled with SEE achieves stable cycling at 3 C.
Targeting Bacterial Persisters via Reactive Oxygen Species‐Generating Hydrogel Microspheres
Authors: Chen Yanyang , Ding Tao , Du Yawei , Ling Shifeng , Meng Chen , Zhuang Pengzhen , Wang Ningtao , Li Yicheng , Zou Chen , Huang Jinyong , Wu Yuansheng , Liu Huzhe , Cui Wenguo , Cao Li
Published: June 2024

The presence of bacterial persisters is a key factor contributing to chronic infection. However, no effective treatment methods are currently available. Thus, a platform is developed, called reactive oxygen species (ROS) bomb, based on microenvironment‐adaptive hydrogel microspheres, to oxidize the cell membranes of persisters in chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Fenton reagent hydroxy iron oxide (FeOOH) and a glucose oxidase (GOx)/calcium phosphate (CaP) acid‐responsive shell are sequentially induced on the surface of mesoporous polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles by the PDA‐mediated ion precipitation and interfacial adhesion, followed by the coloaded with glucose into microfluidic hyaluronic acid hydrogel microspheres. Hydroxyl radicals are explosively generated through GOx‐mediated glucose oxidase, H2O2 production, and its Fenton‐like reactions with FeOOH, which also benefit from the weakly acidic microenvironment around persisters, result in the destruction of bacterial cell membrane, and subsequent overflow of cellular contents such as dsDNA, proteins, and K+. The bactericidal rates of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis persisters are up to 99.14% and 98.96%, and the bacterial loads in lesion location are significantly decreased after ROS bombs treated, effectively alleviated the inflammation and bone resorption damage. This work provides a new strategy toward persisters clearance and shows great application potential in other chronic infection‐related diseases.
Design of Thermal Interface Materials with Excellent Interfacial Heat/Force Transfer Ability via Hierarchical Energy Dissipation
Authors: Zeng Chen , Zeng Xiangliang , Cheng Xiaxia , Pang Yunsong , Xu Jianbin , Sun Rong , Zeng Xiaoliang
Published: June 2024

Interfaces play an important role in the heat and stress transfer within applications such as electronic cooling. The coexistence of apparently contradictory properties between heat dissipation and adhesion at interfaces poses a constant challenge for existing interface materials. Herein, a thermal interface material is reported, consisting of epoxy‐functionalized polydimethylsiloxane and aluminum fillers with excellent interfacial heat/force transfer ability. This material optimizes the combination of thermal conductivity of 3.46 W m−1 K−1 and adhesion energy of 1.17 kJ m−2. Using two viscoelastic models, the excellent interfacial force transfer ability is attributed to a hierarchical energy dissipation via the introduction of borate ester bonds and the aluminum filler networks. A simple kinetic bond model demonstrates that the borate ester bonds increase molecular chain segment mobility, allowing full extension at debonding interface for stress dispersion and efficient energy dissipation. The aluminum filler networks not only facilitate thermal transfer, but also dissipate the mechanical energy during filler network destruction due to the bond breakage between fillers. The excellent heat dispassion and mechanical stability are further demonstrated when this thermal interface material is used in flexible light emitting diodes and high‐power chips. This work provides a new strategy for balancing interfacial heat and force transfer.
Penetrative Ionic Organic Molecular Cage Nanozyme for the Targeted Treatment of Keratomycosis
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Song Fangying , Qi Xia , Zhang Xiaoyu , Ma Li , Shi Depeng , Bai Xiaofei , Dou Shengqian , Zhou Qingjun , Wei Chao , Zhang Bi Ning , Wang Ting , Shi Weiyun
Published: June 2024

Keratomycosis, caused by pathogenic fungi, is an intractable blinding eye disease. Corneal penetration is an essential requirement for conventional antifungal medications to address keratomycosis. Due to the distinctive anatomical and physiological structure of the cornea, the therapeutic efficacy is hampered by the inadequate penetration capacity. Despite the emergence of diverse antifungal drug delivery systems and advanced antifungal nanomaterials, it has remained challenging to achieve corneal penetration over the past decade. This study fabricates a penetrative ionic organic molecular cage‐based nanozyme (OMCzyme) for treating keratomycosis. The synthesis of OMCzyme involved two steps. Initially, the ionic OMC is synthesized by a [2+3] cycloimination reaction of triformylphloroglucinol and 2,3‐diaminopropionic acid. Subsequently, OMCzyme is fabricated by coordination of Fe2⁺ with carboxyl anions and phenolic hydroxyls in the organic cage, and further deposition of silver nanoparticles on the surface of OMC‐Fe complex. The as‐prepared OMCzyme demonstrates excellent water dispersion, peroxidase‐like activity, in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility, and corneal penetration. Notably, the nanozyme displays targeted antifungal activity, effectively combating Fusarium solani with negligible cytotoxicity toward human corneal epithelial cells. The hybrid mimic is further demonstrated to be effective in treating keratomycosis in mice, indicating the potential of OMCzyme for curing fungal infectious diseases.
Electrophysiological Analysis of Retinal Organoid Development Using 3D Microelectrodes of Liquid Metals
Authors: Lee Sanghoon , Chung Won Gi , Jeong Han , Cui Gang , Kim Enji , Lim Jeong Ah , Seo Hunkyu , Kwon Yong Won , Byeon Suk Ho , Lee Junwon , Park Jang‐Ung
Published: June 2024

Despite of the substantial potential of human‐derived retinal organoids, the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) during maturation limits their utility in assessing the functionality of later‐born retinal cell subtypes. Additionally, conventional analyses primarily rely on fluorescent emissions, which limits the detection of actual cell functionality while risking damage to the 3D cytoarchitecture of organoids. Here, an electrophysiological analysis is presented to monitor RGC development in early to mid‐stage retinal organoids, and compare distinct features with fully‐mature mouse retina. This approach utilizes high‐resolution 3D printing of liquid‐metal microelectrodes, enabling precise targeting of specific inner retinal layers within organoids. The adaptable distribution and softness of these microelectrodes facilitate the spatiotemporal recording of inner retinal signals. This study not only demonstrates the functional properties of RGCs in retinal organoid development but also provides insights into their synaptic connectivity, reminiscent of fetal native retinas. Further comparison with fully‐mature mouse retina in vivo verifies the organoid features, highlighting the potential of early‐stage retinal organoids in biomedical research.
Functional Covalent Organic Frameworks’ Microspheres Synthesized by Self‐Limited Dynamic Linker Exchange for Stationary Phases
Authors: Xu Jiabi , Feng Guangyuan , Ao Dana , Li Xiaojuan , Li Mengqian , Lei Shengbin , Wang Yong
Published: June 2024

Synthesizing uniform functional covalent organic framework (COF) microspheres is the prerequisite of applying COFs as novel stationary phases for liquid chromatography. However, the synthesis of functionalized COF microspheres is challenging due to the difficulty in maintaining microspheric morphology when conferring functions. Here, a facile and universal “self‐limited dynamic linker exchange” strategy is developed to achieve surface functionalization of uniform COF microspheres. Six different types of COF microspheres are constructed, showing the universality and superiority of the strategy. The library of COF microspheres’ stationary phases can be further enriched on demand by varying different functional building blocks. The “self‐limited dynamic linker exchange” is attributed to the result of a delicate balance of reaction thermodynamics and molecular diffusion energy barrier. As a demonstration, the chiral functional COF microspheres are used as stationary phases of chiral chromatography and realized effective enantioseparation.
The Opto‐Ionic Voltage Effect Soft Triode: An Optical‐To‐Ionic Signal Converter
Authors: Mohamed Elalyaa , Marlow Frank
Published: June 2024

A novel opto‐ionic device based on the recently reported Ionic Voltage Effect Soft Triode (IVEST) is introduced. This device can convert optical to ionic signals as it is shown here. The characterization of the opto‐IVEST points to an optically induced charging mechanism and to various potential applications. The opto‐IVEST shows the ability to detect and memorize optical signals. Furthermore, the device exhibits learning behavior and a hybrid logic gate function.
Upconversion of Infrared Light by Graphitic Microparticles Due to Photoinduced Structural Modification
Authors: Sharma Rohin , Bhattarai Nishma , Maharjan Rijan , Woods Lilia M. , Ojha Nirajan , Dhakal Ashim
Published: June 2024

Recent reports of upconversion and white light emission from graphitic particles warrant an explanation of the physics behind the process. A model is offered, wherein the upconversion is facilitated by photoinduced electronic structure modification allowing for multiphoton processes. As per the prediction of the model, it is experimentally shown that graphite upconverts infrared light centered around 1.31 μm (0.95 eV) to broadband white light centered around 0.85 μm (1.46 eV). The results suggest that upconversion from shortwave infrared (≈3 μm, 0.45 eV) to visible region may be possible. The experiments show that the population dynamics of the electronic states involved in this upconversion process occur in the timescale of milliseconds.
Effect of tert‐Butylation on the Photophysics of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters
Authors: Thakur Kalyani , van der Zee Bas , Sachnik Oskar , Haese Constantin , Graf Robert , Michels Jasper J. , Wetzelaer Gert‐Jan A. H. , Ramanan Charusheela , Blom Paul W. M.
Published: June 2024

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters potentially can provide organic light‐emitting diodes with 100% internal quantum efficiency by harvesting triplet excitons. Generally, TADF emitters are small molecules that are not applicable for solution processability. The addition of tert‐butyl groups to the periphery of TADF emitters has proven to improve their solubility in various organic solvents, reduce aggregation‐induced quenching, and enhance the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). This article studies the photophysical influence of the tert‐butyl group attached to an emitter with a carbazole acceptor and a triazine donor. The resulting t3CzTrz‐F is a blue–green TADF emitter, in which the addition of a tert‐butyl group increases the rate of reverse intersystem crossing (rISC), while simultaneously decreasing the nonradiative decay rate substantially. In addition, dilution of t3CzTrz‐F in a host matrix in film results in an enhanced PLQY, which is associated with a decrease in the nonradiative decay constant, while there is no change in the rISC rate. Through a solid‐state NMR study, the change in rISC and nonradiative rate upon tert‐butylation by enlarged intermolecular spacing and reduced vibrational and rotational freedom is rationalized, resulting in improved photophysical performance.
Ginsenoside Rg1 Regulates Immune Microenvironment and Neurological Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury Through MYCBP2 Delivery via Neuronal Cell‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Rong Yuluo , Wang Jiaxing , Hu Tao , Shi Zhongming , Lang Chuandong , Liu Wei , Cai Weihua , Sun Yongjin , Zhang Feng , Zhang Wenzhi
Published: June 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological condition that frequently leads to significant sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction. This study sought to delineate the potential mechanistic underpinnings of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from ginsenoside Rg1‐pretreated neuronal cells (Rg1‐EVs) in ameliorating SCI. These results demonstrated that treatment with Rg1‐EVs substantially improved motor function in spinal cord‐injured mice. Rg1‐EVs enhance microglial polarization toward the M2 phenotype and repressed oxidative stress, thereby altering immune responses and decreasing inflammatory cytokine secretion. Moreover, Rg1‐EVs substantially diminish reactive oxygen species accumulation and enhanced neural tissue repair by regulating mitochondrial function. Proteomic profiling highlighted a significant enrichment of MYCBP2 in Rg1‐EVs, and functional assays confirmed that MYCBP2 knockdown counteracted the beneficial effects of Rg1‐EVs in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MYCBP2 is implicated in the ubiquitination and degradation of S100A9, thereby promoting microglial M2‐phenotype polarization and reducing oxidative stress. Overall, these findings substantiated the pivotal role of Rg1‐EVs in neuronal protection and functional recovery following SCI through MYCBP2‐mediated ubiquitination of S100A9. This research offers novel mechanistic insights into therapeutic strategies against SCI and supports the clinical potential of Rg1‐EVs.
Eliminating Resistance–Capacitance Coupling Shielding for Depicting the Defect Landscape in Perovskite Solar Cells by Capacitance Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Biao , Zhang Daoyong , Ni Zhenyi , Hang Pengjie , Yao Yuxin , Kan Chenxia , Yu Xuegong , Yang Deren
Published: June 2024

Capacitance spectroscopy techniques have been widely utilized to evaluate the defect properties in perovskites, which contribute to the efficiency and operation stability development for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Yet the interplay between the charge transporting layer (CTL) and the perovskite on the capacitance spectroscopy results is still unclear. Here, they show that a pseudo‐trap‐state capacitance signal is generated in thermal admittance spectroscopy (TAS) due to the enhanced resistance capacitance (RC) coupling caused by the carrier freeze‐out of the CTL in PSCs, which could be discerned from the actual defect‐induced trap state capacitance signal by tuning the series resistance of PSCs. By eliminating the RC coupling shielding effect on the defect‐induced capacitance spectroscopy, it is obtain the actual defect density which is 4‐folds lower than the pseudo‐trap density, and the spatial distribution of defects in PSCs which reveals that the commonly adopted interface passivators can passivate the defects about 60 nm away from the decorated surface. It is further revealed that phenethylammonium ions (PEA+) possess a better passivation capability over octylammonium ions (OA+) due to the deeper passivation depth for PEA+ on the surface defects in perovskite films.
Methylammonium‐Free Ink for Low‐Temperature Crystallization of α‐FAPbI3 Perovskite
Authors: Hou Tian , Zhang Meng , Sun Xiaoran , Wang Yihao , Chen Kaipeng , Fu Zhipeng , He Mingrui , Liu Xu , Liu Ziheng , Huang Yuelong , Green Martin A. , Hao Xiaojing
Published: June 2024

Formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) perovskite without methylammonium and/or Cs cations is considered the most promising candidate for perovskite photovoltaics. However, the crystallization of photoactive α‐FAPbI3 requires high‐temperature annealing (≥150 °C) and a controlled humidity environment when methylammonium‐containing additives are absent. A methylammonium‐free ink is reported that enables low‐temperature (≤80 °C) crystallization of photoactive α‐FAPbI3 films, while also demonstrating compatibility with blade‐coating large‐area films in ambient air. The synergistical effects of methylphenyl sulfoxide and PbCl2 facilitate the formation of an intermediate phase of nanoscale‐disordered δ‐FAPbI3, which dramatically reduces the crystallization temperature of α‐FAPbI3 down to 80 °C and even below. The 80 °C crystalized α‐FAPbI3 exhibits reduced strain and improved uniformity compared to high‐temperature annealed counterparts. The synthesized ink and the corresponding intermediate precursor film are also found remarkably stable, allowing open‐air processing without the need for humidity control. Highly efficient n–i–p structured α‐FAPbI3 minimodules can be fabricated under an ambient environment RH 50% with the ink at 80 °C, achieving a power conversion efficiency of up to 22.4%. The discovery of the low‐temperature FAPbI3 ink paves a new avenue for printing perovskite solar cells and associated optoelectronic applications, accelerating the commercialization progress of perovskite materials.
A Security Study of Multimodel Artificial Intelligence System: Adaptive Retention Attack for Object Detection System with Multifocus Image Fusion Model
Authors: Gao Xueshuai , Jin Xin , Miao Shengfa , Jiang Qian , Dong Yunyun , Zhou Wei , Yao Shaowen
Published: June 2024

Image preprocessing models are usually employed as the preceding operations of high‐level vision tasks to improve the performance. The adversarial attack technology makes both these models face severe challenges. Prior research is focused solely on attacking single object detection models, without considering the impact of the preprocessing models (multifocus image fusion) on adversarial perturbations within the object detection system. Multifocus image fusion models work in conjunction with the object detection models to enhance the quality of the images and improve the capability of object detection system. Herein, the problem of attacking object detection system that utilizes multifocus image fusion as its preprocessing models is addressed. To retain the attack capabilities of adversarial samples against as many perturbations as possible, new attack method called adaptive retention attack (ARA) is proposed. Additionally, adversarial perturbations concentration mechanism and image selection mechanism, which, respectively, enhance the transferability and attack capability of ARA‐generated adversarial samples. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the feasibility of the ARA. The results confirm that the ARA method can successfully bypass multifocus image fusion models to attack the object detection model.
The impact of family‐genetic risk scores on social functioning in individuals affected with six major psychiatric and substance use disorders in a Swedish National Sample
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: June 2024

To examine whether the level of genetic risk in psychiatric disorders impacts the social functioning of affected individuals, we examine the relationship between genetic risk factors for major depression (MD), anxiety disorders (AD), bipolar disorder (BD), non‐affective psychosis (NAP), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and drug use disorder (DUD) in disordered individuals and five adverse social outcomes: unemployment, residence in areas of social deprivation, social welfare, early retirement, and divorce. We examine all cases with registration for these disorders from 1995 to 2015 in individuals born in Sweden. Genetic risk was assessed by the family genetic risk score (FGRS) and statistical estimates by Cox proportional hazard models. High genetic risk was significantly and modestly associated with poorer social outcomes in 23 of 30 analyses. Overall, genetic risk for MD, AD, AUD, and DUD impacted social functioning more strongly in affected individuals than did genetic risk for BD and NAP. Social welfare had the strongest associations with genetic risk, and residence in areas of high deprivation had the weakest. In individuals suffering from psychiatric and substance use disorders, high levels of genetic risk impact not only clinical features but also diverse measures of social functioning.
Sequentially Regulating Potential‐Determining Step for Lowering CO2 Electroreduction Overpotential over Te‐Doped Bi Nanotips
Authors: Li Youzeng , Li Jinhan , Ai Wei , Chen Jialei , Lu Tiantian , Liao Xuelong , Wang Wei , Huang Rong , Chen Zhuo , Wu Jinxiong , Cheng Fangyi , Wang Huan
Published: June 2024

Electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 into formate is recognized an economically‐viable route to upgrade CO2, but requires high overpotential to realize the high selectivity owing to high energy barrier for driving the involved proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) processes and serious ignorance of the second PCET. Herein, we surmount the challenge through sequential regulation of the potential‐determining step (PDS) over Te‐doped Bi (TeBi) nanotips. Computational studies unravel the incorporation of Te heteroatoms alters the PDS from the first PCET to the second one by substantially lowering the formation barrier for *OCHO intermediate, and the high‐curvature nanotips induce enhanced electric field that can steer the formation of asymmetric *HCOOH. In this scenario, the thermodynamic barrier for *OCHO and *HCOOH can be sequentially decreased, thus enabling a high formate selectivity at low overpotential. Experimentally, distinct TeBi nanostructures are obtained via controlling Te content in the precursor and TeBi nanotips achieve >90 % of Faradaic efficiency for formate production over a comparatively positive potential window (−0.57 V to −1.08 V). The strong Bi−Te covalent bonds also afford a robust stability. In an optimized membrane electrode assembly device, the formate production rate at 3.2 V reaches 10.1 mmol h−1 cm−2, demonstrating great potential for practical application.
π‐Diamond: A Diamondoid Superstructure Driven by π‐Interactions
Authors: Liang Kejiang , Liang Yimin , Tang Min , Liu Jiali , Tang Zheng‐Bin , Liu Zhichang
Published: June 2024

Modulating the arrangement of superstructures through noncovalent interactions has a significant impact on macroscopic shape and the expression of unique properties. Constructing π‐interaction‐driven hierarchical three‐dimensional (3D) superstructures poses challenges on account of limited directional control and weak intermolecular interactions. Here we report the construction of a 3D diamondoid superstructure, named π‐Diamond, employing a ditopic strained Z‐shaped building block comprising a porphyrin unit as bow‐limb double‐strapped with two m‐xylylene units as bowstrings. This superstructure, reminiscent of diamond's tetrahedral carbon composition, is composed of double‐walled tetrahedron (DWT) driven solely by π‐interactions. Hetero‐π‐stacking interactions between porphyrin and m‐xylylene panels drive the assembly of four building blocks predominantly into a DWT, which undergoes extension to create an adamantane unit and eventually a diamondoid superstructure wherein each porphyrin panel is shared by two neighboring tetrahedra through hetero‐π‐stacking. π‐Diamond exhibits a solid‐state fluorescent quantum yield 44 times higher than that of tetraphenylporphyrin along with excellent photocatalytic performance. The precise 3D directionality of π‐interactions, achieved through strained multipanel building blocks, revolutionizes the assembly of hierarchical 3D superstructures driven by π‐interactions.
Trace Fluorinated Carbon Dots Driven Li‐Garnet Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Zhu Fangjun , Xu Laiqiang , Hu Xinyu , Yang Mushi , Liu Huaxin , Gan Chaolun , Deng Wentao , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo
Published: June 2024

Garnet solid‐state electrolyte Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO) holds significant promise. However, the practical utilization has been seriously impeded by the poor contact of Li|garnet and electron leakage. Herein, one new type of garnet‐based solid‐state battery is proposed with high performance through the disparity in interfacial energy, induced by the reaction between trace fluorinated carbon dots (FCDs) and Li. The work of adhesion of Li|garnet is increased by the acquired Li‐FCD composite, which facilitates an intimate Li|garnet interface with the promoted uniform Li+ deposition, revealed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is further validated that a concentrated C−Li2O−LiF component at the Li|garnet interface is spontaneously constructed, due to the significant disparity in interfacial energy between C−Li2O−LiF|LLZTO and C−Li2O−LiF|Li. Furthermore, The electron transport and Li dendrites penetration are effectively hindered by the formed Li2O and LiF. The Li‐FCD|LLZTO|Li‐FCD symmetrical cells demonstrate stable cycling performance for over 3000 hours at 0.3 mA cm−2 and 800 hours at 0.5 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the LFP|garnet|Li‐FCD full cell exhibits remarkable cycling performance (91.6 % capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1 C). Our research has revealed a novel approach to establish a dendrite‐free Li|garnet interface, laying the groundwork for future advancements in garnet‐based solid‐state batteries.
Depolymerization of Native Lignin over Thiol Capped Ultrathin ZnIn2S4 Microbelts Mediated by Photogenerated Thiyl Radical
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Li Yaxin , Liu Hurunqing , Ding Zhengxin , Yuan Rusheng , Li Zhaohui
Published: June 2024

The valorization of native lignin to functionalized aromatic compounds under visible light is appealing yet challenging. In this communication, colloidal mercaptoalkanoic acid capped ultrathin ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) microbelts was successfully fabricated, which was used as a superior catalyst for depolymerization of native lignin in birch woodmeal under visible light, with an optimum yield of 28.8 wt % to functionalized aromatic monomers achieved in 8 h. The capped mercaptoalkanoic acid not only enables a solvent modulated reversible interchange of ZIS between the colloidal state for efficient reaction and the aggregated state for facile separation, but also serves as a precursor for light initiated generation of reactive thiyl radical for highly selective cleavage of β‐O‐4 bond in native lignin. This work provides a green and efficient strategy for the depolymerization of native lignin to functionalized aromatic monomers under mild conditions, which involves a new mechanism for the cleavage of β‐O‐4 bonds in native lignin. The capability of cleavage of β‐O‐4 bonds in native lignin by photogenerated thiyl radicals also demonstrates the great potential of using photogenerated thiyl radicals in organics transformations.
Improved decolorization of MB using CeCoO3/PbS heterojunction as a superior‐excellent photocatalyst
Authors: Marefatyan Farshad , Ghobadifard Mahdieh , Mohebbi Sajjad
Published: June 2024

Developing effective and inexpensive photocatalysts is considered a helpful approach to pollution degradation. Herein, CeCoO3/PbS photocatalyst was synthesized via the hydrothermal procedure and described by XRD, IR, SEM, EDS, PL, and DRS analyses. The results revealed the deposition of PbS on the CeCoO3 surface, as illustrated by the FE‐SEM images. The influence of photocatalyst dosage, temperature, electron acceptor, and pH toward the decolorization of MB under the irradiation of a UV lamp was considered. By CeCoO3/PbS photocatalyst, the conversion percentage achieved 98% within 10 min, around two times more than pure CeCoO3 and PbS. According to the experimental and calculated results, the Type‐II heterojunction formation was observed, which boosted the photoactivity of CeCoO3/PbS by its higher charge separation rate compared with perovskite and PbS and the stronger redox capability of charges. In addition, CeCoO3/PbS nanocomposites have impressive stability and efficiency after five cycles of experiments. Consequently, the coupling of CeCoO3 with PbS provides a favorable pathway to remove contamination.
Enhanced permeability and antifouling properties of carboxylated polysulfone/quaternized polyimide blend ultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Wang Shuai , Yin Li , Chen Pan , Wang Siyu , Zhao Xiaogang , Chen Chunhai , Zhou Hongwei
Published: June 2024

The intricate interplay between chemical composition and the incorporation of functional fillers plays a pivotal role in shaping the structural attributes and separation efficacy of mixed matrix ultrafiltration membranes. In this work, we report the utilization of a novel organic filler of hydrophilic modified polyimide particles (PI‐SO3) for the first time in the preparation of mixed matrix ultrafiltration membranes. A series of ultrafiltration membranes were fabricated using polysulfone as the matrix material and PI‐SO3 as the additive. The addition of PI‐SO3 to the mixed matrix membrane effectively enhanced both water flux and antifouling ability. The ultrafiltration membrane with 0.2% particle content exhibited the highest pure water flux at 535.5 L h−1 m−2, owing to the synergistic regulation of pore structures and surface hydrophilicity. The ultrafiltration membrane with 0.5% PI‐SO3 particles demonstrated the highest flux recovery rate at 76.8%, attributed to the superior hydrophilicity displayed by the added particles within the ultrafiltration membrane. The increased particles content correlated with improved hydrophilicity on the membrane surface, resulting in enhanced antifouling performance. The hydrophilic modified particles effectively regulated pore structures, surface hydrophilicity, and surface charge, ultimately enhancing the performance of mixed matrix ultrafiltration membranes for wastewater purification. Therefore, the use of modified polyimide particles as fillers introduces an innovative method to economically enhance ultrafiltration membranes, providing a potential solution to mitigate the economic costs associated with trade‐off effects during the modification process.
Site occupancy and tunable luminescence of Eu2+ and Eu3+ coactivated KCaY (PO4)2:Eu phosphors
Authors: Chen Wanping
Published: June 2024

Utilizing the structure characteristic of KCaY (PO4)2 crystal, the site distribution of Eu2+ in KCaY (PO4)2:Eu phosphor coactivated with Eu2+ and Eu3+ ions is tuned. Upon 393‐nm excitation, the as‐prepared phosphor exhibits a broadband emission of Eu2+ peaked at ~ 475 nm and a typical red emission of Eu3+ with a strong 5D0–7F1 emission at ~ 591 nm. The luminescence color of the phosphor can be adjusted from blue to green, white, yellow, and red. The increasing concentration of Sr2+ and Eu2+ results in a blue shifting of Eu2+ emission. The increasing concentration of Eu3+ results in a red shifting of Eu2+ emission and an enhanced red emission of Eu3+. The luminescence behaviors of the phosphors are analyzed in terms of the site distribution of Eu2+ and Eu3+. A single‐phase white light emitting was achieved in KCaY (PO4)2:Eu phosphor upon UV and NUV light excitation, indicating that the phosphor has potential application in white lighting.