bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A quantitative study of histological changes in the human parotid gland occurring with adult age
Authors: Scott J. , Flower E. A. , Burns J.
Published: April 2006

Parotid samples from 63 ‘sudden death’ necropsies of both sexes, aged 17–90 years, were collected after exclusions for chronic illness or medications. Advancing age was accompanied by acinar atrophy and ductal irregularities. The adipose content varied widely at all ages but, together with fibrovascular tissue, tended to increase with age. Stereological analysis demonstrated a linear reduction of acinar proportional volume amounting to 30% over the age range. Females tended to have more adipose tissue and less fibrous tissue than males. These structural age changes resemble those of other salivary glands, but unlike the latter are not accompanied by age‐dependent functional impairments. This suggests a greater acinar secretory efficiency or larger secretory reserve volume in the parotid than in other glands. The frequent high levels of parotid adiposity encountered suggest this feature is not pathological nor necessarily a reliable indicator of nutritional or hormonal diseases, excluded from the present study.
Absence of circulating IgG immune complexes in minor recurrent aphthous ulceration
Authors: Bagg J. , Williams B. D. , Amos N. , Dagalis P. , Walker D. M.
Published: April 2006

A monoclonal rheumatoid factor binding assay has been employed to detect IgG type immune complexes in sera from 21 patients with minor recurrent aphthous ulceration and 31 control subjects. In only one of the ulcer group patients was there a marginal elevation of immune complexes above the normal range, with no statistically significant difference between the patient and control groups. Assays of intrinsic serum rheumatoid factor and serum IgG, IgM and IgA levels also showed no significant differences between patient and control groups, with all mean values falling within the normal ranges.
Extent and diversity of inflammatory cell infiltrates in squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell epitheliomas of the head and neck
Authors: Liebau D. , Löning T. , Arps H.
Published: April 2006

Using monoclonal antibodies reactive with Langerhans' cells (LCs), macrophages, and T cell subpopulations, the density and proportions of cells of the immune system of the normal oral mucosa were determined immunohistochemically, and compared with findings in oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and basal cell epitheliomas (BCE). In normal oral epithelia, the dominant cell type was the LC, positive for CD 1, and expressing HLA‐DR antigens (DR+). Many intraepithelial cells were lymphocytes of the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype (CD 8+), which was also the most prominent cell type in the normal mueosal slroma. Significant differences were observed for the content of CD 8‐, OKM 1‐, and CD 4‐positive cells in the epithelium of normal oral mucosa, SCC, and BCE, and for the amount of CD 1‐positive Langerhans cells in the connective tissue of the different groups of tissues. When CD 4/CD 8 ratios were calculated, differences between SCC and BCE became most evident. A CD 4/CD 8 ratio greater 0.5 was seen to be characteristic for BCE. Thus, in contrast to the striking preponderance of suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD 8+) in SCC, BCE showed typically almost balanced numbers of suppressor/cytotoxic (CD 8+) and helper/induced (CD 4+) lymphocytes. This finding further underlines the biological differences recognized between these most common neoplasias of the head and neck.
A comparative histological study of odontogenic keratocysts in basal cell naevus syndrome and control patients
Authors: Woolgar J. A. , Pippin J. W. , Browne R. M.
Published: April 2006

164 odontogenic keratocysts from 60 patients with the basal cell naevus syndrome were compared with a similar number of single keratocysts matched for age and site. Significant differences between the two groups were found in the numbers of satellite cysts, solid islands of epithelial proliferation and odontogenic rests within the capsule, and in the numbers of mitotic figures in the epithelium lining the main cavity. An index of activity derived from these parameters suggests a greater growth potential in syndrome cysts; in addition, the patterns of association of the features support the theory that the odontogenic rests give rise to satellite cysts.
Differences in mucosal reaction related to Candida albicans isolates
Authors: Allen C. M. , Beck F. M.
Published: April 2006

In order to examine the behavior of Candida albicans in an oral mucosal model, 16 isolates of the organism were collected from a variety of clinical settings and were inoculated weekly, in equal numbers and concentrations, into the mouths of separate groups of 20 female Sprague‐Dawley rats. Oral swabs were taken bi‐weekly in order to monitor the presence of the yeast. After 16 weeks, the animals were killed and the tongues were examined grossly and histologically. Six isolates demonstrated the ability to produce characteristic dorsal tongue lesions to varying degrees (1/20; 1/20; 1/20; 2/20; 3/20; and 12/20). Of the remaining 10 isolates, 5 showed hyphal penetration of the keratin layer of the dorsal tongue epithelium, yet no mucosal reaction was elicited and no lesion was produced (1/19; 2/19; 4/20; 5/20 and 5/20). These findings support the concept that C. albicans exhibits a spectrum of mucosal pathogenicity for dorsal rat tongue.
Carcinogenic response of hamster buccal pouch epithelium to 4 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Soil D. B. , Polverini P. J. , Calderon L.
Published: April 2006

In order to assess the relative carcinogenic potency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in hamster buccal pouch, groups of male Syrian golden hamsters were treated by painting the buccal pouch surfaces for up to 20 weeks with equimolar concentrations of 7, 12‐dimelhylbenzanthracenc; benzanthracene, 3,4‐bcnzpyrene; or 20‐methylcholanthrenc dissolved in paraffin oil. Control hamsters were simarily treated with paraffin oil. Whereas 100% of the 7, 12‐dimethylbenzanthraccne treated hamsters developed buccal pouch carcinomas within the 20‐week treatment period, no cancers were observed in the control hamsters or in those treated with the other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Simarily, of the various treatment groups, only 7,12‐dimethylbenzanthraccnc treated hamsters displayed the efficient induction of foci of intense gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) histochemical activity within the buccal pouch epithelium. These results support the working hypothesis that induction of GGT foci is an early indicator of developing carcinoma in this experimental model.
The occurrence of multiple endocrine neoplasia Type IIb, in two children of an affected mother
Authors: Sciubba J.J. , D'Amico E. , Attie J.N.
Published: April 2006

Two children with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, Type IIb, (MEN IIb), whose natural mother died from complications of general anesthesia, due to undiagnosed bilateral pheochromocytomas, arc described. Of particular interest is the fact that the daughter presented with many stigmata of the syndrome, including the typical facies, while her brother had no obvious clinical manifestations of the syndrome. Both children to date have undergone total thyroidectomy, and pathology reports have confirmed the presence of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
Ultrastructural findings in oral Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS)
Authors: Kuntz A. A. , Gelderblom H. R. , Winkel T. , Reichart P. A.
Published: April 2006

Ten biopsies of oral Kaposi's sarcoma were examined histologically and ultrastructurally. Histologically, early and late tumor stages could be differentiated. On the Ultrastructural level, endothelial‐like and spindle‐shaped tumor cells were revealed. Tumor cells associated with vessel‐like spaces showed partly interrupted basal membranes, Weibel‐Palade bodies, desmosomes and tight‐junctions, while spindle‐shaped cells lacked these Ultrastructural features of endothelial cells. Within the cytoplasm of endothelial‐like cells, aggregates of tubular structures were observed. Histological and Ultrastructural findings in oral Kaposi sarcoma are comparable to those of such other organs as skin and intestines. The Ultrastructural findings indicate an endothelial origin, at least of endothelial‐like tumor cells.
Nuclear DNA analysis of oral hyperplasia and dysplasia using image cytometry
Authors: Abdel‐Salam M. , Mayall B. H. , Hansen L. S. , Chew K. L. , Greenspan J. S.
Published: April 2006

We investigated the value of image analysis in discriminating among oral white lesions with hyperplasia without dysplasia and oral white or white‐and‐red lesions with moderate or severe dysplasia. Normal oral epithelial tissue was used as a control. Image analysis was applied to 5‐μm formalin‐fixed sections stained with the azure A‐Feulgen reaction for nuclear DNA. For 150–200 cells from each section, 5 nuclear variables were assessed: area, form factor, total stain, average stain and ellipticity. For each variable, 2 measurements were obtained, the mean and the interquartile range, and were used for stepwise discriminant analysis. Using this test, a model of 3 measurements with the most discriminating power was developed. When the jackknife classification test was applied to this model, we could discriminate with 81% accuracy between the 4 groups of tissue studied.
Effect of macrophage depletion on growth and neovascularization of hamster buccal pouch carcinomas
Authors: Polverini P. J. , Leibovich S. J.
Published: April 2006

The effect of macrophage depletion on growth and neovascularization of 7, 12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)‐induced hamster buccal pouch carcinomas (HBPC) was evaluated by quantitating tritiated thymidine (3[H]TdR) incorporation by tumor cells and microvascular endothelium in light microscopic autoradiographs. Tumors that were depleted of macrophages with systemic hydrocortisone acetate (HA) and intratumor injections of antimacrophage serum (AMS) were examined 7 days after treatment. In control animals 30% of infiltrating host cells were esterase‐positive tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) and 28.14% of tumor cells and 14.45% of endothelial cells were 3[H]TdR labelled. Hamsters treated with HA or HA and control serum showed no significant reduction in either the number of TAM or proportion of [3H]TdR labelled tumor of endothelial cells. AMS administered alone had no effect on either the content of TAM or 3[H]TdR labelling. In contrast hamsters treated with HA and AMS showed a 54% decrease in TAM and a 50% and 63% reduction in tumor and endothelial cell labelling respectively. These results suggest that growth and neovascularization of these tumors is mediated in part by macrophages.
Crystals and calcification patterns in two lymph node calcifications
Authors: Sakae T. , Yamamoto H.
Published: April 2006

Two calcified lymph nodes from the submandibular and neck regions, were studied by micro‐radiography, X‐ray micro‐diffraction and X‐ray micro‐analysis. The submandibular specimen showed a conglomerate texture of small blocks which seemed to reflect the lobular structure of the lymph node. The degree of calcification of these blocks varied from one location to another. The neck specimen was composed of several islets surrounded by soft tissues. The main islet showed a central X‐ray translucent region and outer calcified layers which could be subdivided into 2 types; those with spherulitic calcification and those with smooth calcification. In the submandibular specimen, well crystallized apatite was found, sometimes together with a minor amount of whitlockite. In the neck specimen, isolated and well‐crystallized whitlockite was found most frequently in the regions of spherulitic calcification. The occurrence of whitlockite in both specimens was attributed to the sporadic distribution of magnesium, as revealed by X‐ray micro‐analysis.
Saliva composition and caries development during protein deficiency and β‐receptor stimulation or inhibition
Authors: Johansson I. , Ericson T.
Published: April 2006

Abstract ‐ We tested the hypothesis that a low protein diet (5%) would change the conditions for synthesis and release of protein from the salivary secretory cells and increase caries development. In addition, we tested whether the simultaneous use of a β‐adrenoceptor agonist or antagonist had an additive effect. After an experimental period of nine weeks the animals led the 5% protein diet had lower body weights, saliva secretion rates and total protein secreted per minute than a control group fed a 20% protein diet. There were greater numbers of cariogenic streptococci on the teeth and the caries scores were higher in the rats fed the low protein diet than in the rats in the control group. The β‐receptor agonist, isoproterenol, given to rats fed the 20% protein diet, caused a reduction in protein concentration and amylase activity in saliva and a slight increase in caries development. Propranolol had no effect on cither saliva composition or caries development.
Gingival fibrinoid deposits in Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome
Authors: Slootweg P. J. , Beemer F. A.
Published: April 2006

A 7‐year‐old girl is described with Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome Type VIJI. Symptoms mainly consisted of rapid breakdown of the periodontal tissues. The gingiva exhibited the presence of peculiar previously unidentified cell‐poor masses resembling fibrin by their staining properties. Possibly, this histologic feature may be a diagnostic aid in Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome Type VIII.
Expression of Class I and Class II major histocompatibility complex antigens on oral mucosal epithelium
Authors: Savage N. W. , Walsh L. J. , Seymour G. J.
Published: April 2006

The expression of the Class I and Class II major histocompatibility antigens on oral mucosa was investigated using type‐specific monoclonal antibodies. Class I antigen expression varied between various sites and in uncomplicated inflammatory responses appeared to be suppressed. HLA‐DR antigen expression was only present on epithelial cells in the presence of extraneous immunocompetent cells. Oral mucosa did not express HLA‐DQ antigens. The expression of Class I and Class II antigens varied between disease states exhibiting proliferative or destructive tissue responses. The pattern of Class I and Class II antigen expression is consistent with either MHC‐restricted cellular interactions and subsequent destruction of epithelial cells or a protective role in non‐destructive conditions.
Primary extranodal non‐Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma of the oral region: analysis of 11 autopsy cases
Authors: Takahashi H. , Tezuka F. , Fujita S. , Okabe H.
Published: April 2006

The authors describe autopsy cases of primary extranodal non–Hodgkin's lymphoma of the oral regions in 11 (8%) of 134 patients: 10 were clinical stage IE, and one was IIE. Histologic subtypes of each lymphoma included the diffuse large cell type (8 cases), diffuse mixed type (2 cases) and Burkitt's type (1 case) according to the Japanese Lymphoma Study Group (JLSG) classification. All patients received anti‐lymphomatous chemotherapy and/or radiotheraphy. Nine cases had active disease, 3/9 manifesting leukemia. Nodes were involved. There was involvement of cervical lymph nodes in 7 (64%). Viscera most commonly involved were, in order of decreasing frequency: lung, kidney, pancreas, liver, spleen, heart, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow, and adrenal gland. It is apparent that primary extranodal non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas of the oral region arise in a single focus, and extensions of the disease are not random. The primary lesions spread to regional lymph nodes by way of lymphatic channels, and to extranodal organs of the intrathoracic and intraabdominal regions by contiguous direct invasion of adjacent organs and by blood‐borne metastases. Wide spread dissemination at the time of death was found in 6 cases and 3 modes of spreading were observed.
Idiopathic external resorption of teeth
Authors: Owens P. D. A. , Wangrangsimakul K. , O'Brien F. V.
Published: April 2006

An unerupted maxillary third molar tooth from a 57‐year‐old Caucasian male, which showed radiographic evidence of crown resorption, but was otherwise symptomless, was examined post‐extraction by light and scanning electron microscopy. (SEM) Appearances of the residual dental tissues were consistent with a diagnosis of an invading external resorption with formation of pulpal granulation tissue, dentinal resorption and some dentinal metaplasia. SEM of crown fragments indicated a generally uniform pattern of enamel resorption, for which the ameloblasts rather than multinucleate cells were implicated. By extrapolation of the activity of the former cells during the late stages of amelogenesis and tooth eruption, it is suggested that resorptive activity of and by enamel epithelium may explain not only the coronal origin of this type of idiopathic resorption, (which is otherwise unexplained), but also its progress into the pulp and the pulp reactions.
Blood flow in the oral mucosa of normal and atherosclerotic rhesus monkeys
Authors: Goodman C. H. , Squier C. A.
Published: April 2006

Little data is available on regional blood flow in the normal primate oral mucosa and none on that in atherosclerotic animals. Three adult Rhesus monkeys were maintained on a normal diet and 4 on a high fat, high cholesterol diet for 20 months. Radiolabelled microspheres were used to measure blood flow in skin and 16 oral mucosa regions. In normal animals, blood flow ranged from 160.81 to 8.68 ml/min/100 gm tissue. Blood flow in the same regions of atherosclerotic animals showed significantly lower values than in controls, ranging from 65.90 to 1.04 ml/min/100 gms tissue. However, the relative blood flow to the different regions was not significantly different between control and atherosclerotic animals. Histologic examination of tissue from the atherosclerotic animals revealed gross intimal plaques occluding the lumina of the carotids and atherosclerotic lesions in the lingual arteries. It is concluded that the decrease in blood flow in oral mucosa in the atherosclerotic animals is not the result of local changes in the mucosal vasculature but may be related to lesions seen in the major afferent vessels.
Comparative study of keratocysts, associated and non‐associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome
Authors: Dominguez F. V. , Keszler A.
Published: April 2006

Keratocysts of the solitary type were histologically and histometrically compared with those associated with the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBS). It was observed that parakeratinization, intramural epithelial remnants and satellite cysts were a more frequent finding among NBS keratocysts than among solitary keratocysts. Conversely, it was also found that the total nuclear density was greater in non‐associated cysts and that the total number of nuclei, the number of basal nuclei and the epithelial height values were also higher in solitary keratocysts. NBS‐keratocysts and solitary keratocysts are considered to be two morphologically distinct populations of the same entity.
The regulation of Langerhans cell T6, DR and DQ antigen expression: an hypothesis
Authors: Walsh L. J. , Seymour G. J. , Powell R. N.
Published: April 2006

A hypothetical model of the maturation pathway of Langerhans cells (LC) within an epithelial environment is presented. This model is based on in vitro studies using human gingival organ culture. In this model, T6 (GD1) antigen is induced on a T6(‐) intraepithelial population by Interleukin‐1 secreted by epithelial cells. This process is abrogated by a locally produced Interleukin‐1 inhibitor, ILS. These T6(+) LC then express first HLA‐DR and subsequently HLA‐DQ surface antigens under the influence of either lipopolysaccharide or gamma interferon. The induction of these Class II antigens on LC is inhibited by prostaglandin E2. It is postulated that these Class II antigen positive LC are then available to function as antigen presenting cells. This hypothesis is consistent with in vitro studies and several in vivo observations. The basis of the hypothesis is the demonstration that locally produced factors may exert an influence on LC behaviour within an epithelial environment.
Effects of diphenylhydantoin on teeth in rabbit
Authors: Wigdor H.A. , Water‐house J.P. , Staple P. H.
Published: April 2006

The drug diphenylhydantoin (DPH) is well known to affect the gingiva of humans. Among other known unwanted effects is that on calcified tissues. The initial purpose of our study was to examine the effect of chronic administration of DPH on the continuously erupting incisors of the rabbit. While studying the dentin a second investigation was undertaken when it was noticed that the pulps in DPH‐treated rabbits were apparently more vascular than those in the control rabbits. After a treatment period of from 5–6.5 weeks the rabbits were killed, the jaws decalcified, sectioned and stained. The results presented here show that the animals treated with DPH developed less dentin. The pulps from the DPH‐treated animals showed a greater area occupied by blood vessels. These experimental results are of interest in view of reported clinical findings that some patients treated with DPH develop smaller teeth with blunted apices. The vessel changes remain unexplained.
A probable common disturbance in the early stage of odontoblast differentiation in Dentinogenesis imperfecta Type I and Type II
Authors: Takagi Y. , Sasaki S.
Published: April 2006

Deciduous teeth from 7 patients with dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) Type I and Type II were examined by conventional microscopy. A defective layer was found which runs parallel with the dentinal surface in the outer portion of dentin in teeth of both types. Dentinal tubules were interrupted in the vicinity of this layer. When the ground sections were examined after being stained by the phosphophoryn staining method, the DI Type I dentin was found to contain phosphophoryn at the same low level as the DI Type II dentin, suggesting similar deficiency in phosphophoryn concentration. These results suggest that both types of DI have a common primary disturbance in the early stage of odontoblast differentiation.
Course of various clinical forms of oral lichen planus. A prospective follow‐up study of 611 patients
Authors: Thorn J. J. , Holmstrup P. , Rindum J. , Pindborg J. J.
Published: April 2006

The course of reticular, papular, bullous, plaque‐type, atrophic and ulcerative lesions of oral lichen planus (OLP) was studied in 611 patients. Mean age of the patients was 53 years and two‐thirds were women. The patients were followed for periods from 1 to 26 years (mean, 7.5 years). The various clinical types had somewhat different courses. Papular affections were seen mainly in the initial phase and had a transitory course. Ulcerative lesions, although more persistent, also generally showed a short‐term course. The atrophic form was fluctuating with many remissions and new‐established affections. The plaque‐type was a more constant form, but also demonstrated many newly established affections. After a few years, many patients had persistent lesions that no longer included the affections most characteristic of OLP, i.e. the reticular and the papular form. Initial presence of papular affections was associated with ages below 50 and atrophic lesions with ages above 60. Plaque‐type affections were seen with a significantly higher frequency among tobacco smokers at the onset of OLP. No other correlation was found between the initial presence, the remission and the development of the different clinical forms and various factors as age, sex, general diseases, medication and tobacco smoking. Treatment with topical steroid and/or antimycotics had no effect on the long‐term course of the various clinical forms, and it had no persistent effect on symptoms related to OLP. Complete remission was seen in 17% of the patients, and it showed a reverse association with the initial presence of plaque‐type affections. However, complete remission was associated with an initial presence of papular affections. No other predictive factor of total remission was found.
Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS: basement membrane and endothelial cell markers in late‐stage lesions
Authors: Green T. L. , Meyer J. R. , Daniels T. E. , Greenspan J. S. , Souza Y. de , Kramer R. H.
Published: April 2006

Early‐stage lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) are composed of single‐layered, highly flattened cells lining collagen bundles, whereas late‐stage lesions contain densely packed, spindle‐shaped cells. We examined the progression of KS lesions in oral mucosa and lymph nodes from patients with AIDS, using antibodies specific for blood vascular endothelial cells (Factor VHI‐related antigen) and their basement membrane (Type IV collagen and laminin). In addition, the plant lectin Ulex europaeus, which selectively stains blood vessels, was also used. In early‐stage KS lesions, fibronectin, laminin and Type IV collagen were co‐distributed at the interface between KS cells and collagen bundles; Factor VHI‐related antigen and Ulex europaeus lectin staining was present in vascular channels and in the KS cells. However, in late‐stage lesions, few if any KS cells stained with antibody to Factor VHI‐associated antigen, although endothelial cells lining blood vessels were positive. Strong staining for laminin and Type IV collagen was present in a pericellular pattern throughout the nodular late‐stage lesions. Since lymphatic capillary endothelium does not produce basement‐membrane‐specific macromolecules, these results support the conclusion that KS cells are related to blood vascular endothelium but eventually lose certain endothelium‐specific markers as the cells are transformed into the spindle‐shaped cell type.
Variable expression in Amelogenesis imperfecta with taurodontism
Authors: AIdred M.J. , Crawford P.J.M.
Published: April 2006

The hypomaturation‐hypoplasia type of Amelogenesis imperfecta with taurodontism is a rare condition. All previously documented cases have featured clinically involved teeth in successive generations. A family is presented in which the son was affected clinically and radiographically, whereas the teeth of his sister and mother were clinically normal but radiographically had the taurodont morphology. Molars extracted from the boy showed both hypoplasia and hypomineralisation on histopathological examination. It is proposed that the taurodont tooth form in the sister and mother represents a partial manifestation of the condition.
Retinoid‐binding proteins in human oral mucosa
Authors: Siegenthaler G. , Samson J. , Bernard J.‐P. , Fiore‐Donno G. , Saurat J.‐H.
Published: April 2006

Vitamin A affects epithelial differentiation and growth via at least 3 different binding proteins. The specific delivery of extracellular retinol to target cells is performed by plasma retinol‐binding protein (RBP) while cellular retinol‐ and retinoic acid‐binding proteins (CRBP and CRABP) are implicated in the cellular action of the 2 natural retinoids. We have studied the levels of these 3 binding proteins by gel filtration and polyacrylamide electrophoresis in human oral mucosa, epithelium and chorion and compared it to those found in keratinizing human epidermis. The levels of CRABP in oral epithelium were markedly higher (about 4 times) than that of epidermis whereas CRBP was in a similar amount in epithelium chorion, dermis and epidermis. RBP with preserved affinity for retinol, was present in the epithelium of oral mucosa whereas only degraded RBP was detected in epidermis. These results suggest (i) a higher specific retinol delivery and (ii) a distinct cellular metabolism of retinoic acid in the oral epithelium as compared with epidermis. Since cornification occurs when keratinocytes are deprived of retinol, it might be that our observations are linked to the absence of cornification in the human oral mucosa. Further, high levels of CRABP in mucosal epithelium might have therapeutical implications because the synthetic retinoids used in human therapy bind to CRABP.
Altered keratin expression in buccal mucosal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Vaidya M. M. , Borges A. M. , Pradhan S. A. , Rajpal R. M. , Bhisey A. N.
Published: April 2006

Cytokeratin pattern was analyzed in 14 moderately differentiated and 12 well‐differentiated squamous cell carcinomas of buccal mucosa by SDS‐PAGE, immunoblotting and two dimensional electrophoresis. These were compared with patterns of normal buccal mucosa and surrounding areas whenever possible. Normal buccal mucosa expresses keratin No. 4 (59Kd), 5 (58Kd), 13 (54Kd) and 14 (50Kd). Keratin No. 4 (59Kd) and 14 (50Kd) were expressed by 20 of 26 tumors studied, while many of the tumors did not express keratins No. 5 (58Kd) and 13 (54Kd). Keratin No. 1 (67Kd) and 16 (48Kd) were aberrantly expressed by 9 well‐differentiated tumors. Keratin No. 17 (46Kd) and 18 (45Kd) were expressed by 10 and 8 tumors of 14 moderately differentiated tumors. Six tumors which showed involvement of alveolar mucosa, expressed some keratins expressed by its normal counterpart. Their altered expression was consistent with the differentiation pattern as stated earlier. Non‐expression of keratins 5 and 13 seems to be the result of malignant transformation and is seen in the majority of tumors, while appearance of aberrant keratins seems to be related more to the degree of differentiation of the tumor.
A highly sensitive method for diagnosis of secondary amyloidosis by labial salivary gland biopsy
Authors: Delgado Wilson A. , Mosqueda Adalberto
Published: April 2006

Both labial salivary gland and gingival biopsies were taken from 19 patients with clinical findings suggestive of secondary amyloidosis. Amyloid deposits were present in all salivary gland biopsies (19/19) while amyloid deposits in gingiva were observed only in three cases (16%). No amyloid was found in similar biopsies from 11 control patients. Periductal amyloid involvement was found along the basement membrane in all salivary gland samples; additionally, 16 cases had periacinar infiltration (84%), 13 had perivascular (68%) and 7 (37%) showed interstitial deposits. Amyloid in gingiva was seen along the epithelial basement membrane, as in salivary glands, although in isolated areas and scattered at the top of some dermal papillae and small blood vessels. In secondary amyloidosis it therefore appears that amyloid is deposited along the epithelial basement membrane before perivascular deposition occurs. This study presents a new highly sensitive and reliable method for the diagnosis of secondary amyloidosis, a method which is technically simple, free from complications and well‐accepted by the patients.
Localization of H‐RAS mRNA in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Hoellering J. , Shuler C. F.
Published: April 2006

Expression of the H‐ras oncogene was examined in 5 SCC of the oral cavity. The presence of oncogene mRNA was detected and localized in the tumor tissue by in situ hybridization. Tumor tissues were also examined for the presence of the oncogene product, p21, by immunohistochemical techniques. H‐ras mRNA and p21 were detected in all 5 tumors in cells that were also positive for both keratin mRNA and keratin protein. The distribution of the mRNA was not uniform throughout the tumor tissue. Distinct spatial localizations of the H‐ras mRNA were present in regions of the tumors with both higher proliferative and invasive potential. The results suggest that the distribution of the oncogene mRNA may be related to the pattern of development and progression of oral SCC.
Effects of smokeless tobacco on the buccal mucosa of HMT rats
Authors: Chen Sow‐Yeh
Published: April 2006

Fifteen male and 15 female HMT rats, 6 months of age, received weekly applications of smokeless tobacco to the buccal mucosa for one year. Hyperorthokeratosis, acanthosis, numerous binucleate spinous cells, and subepithelial connective tissue hyalinization were observed, whereas verrucous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were not seen. Karyotyping revealed that lymphocytes of tobacco‐treated as well as control rats had normal chromosome number (2N = 42) and morphology. However, approximately 25% of buccal epithelial cells of the tobacco‐treated rats were tetraploid and 5% octaploid, compared to only 11% tetraploid and no octaploid in the controls. Results indicate that the effects of smokeless tobacco on the rat buccal mucosa are similar to those observed in humans and that the mitotic process can be disturbed by tobacco treatment.
Coexpression of keratin and vimentin in salivary pleomorphic adenomas
Authors: Shinohara Hiroyuki , Yamada Kazuto , Tanaka Takaaki , Meenaghan Michael A. , Takai Yoshiaki , Mori Masahiko
Published: April 2006

The Coexpression of keratin and vimentin is described in 45 pleomorphic adenomas using an immunoperoxidase MAb method. Histopathologically, the outer layer of tubuloductal structures and peripheral tumor cells in solid masses, including modified or neoplastic myoepithelial cells, showed positive staining with monoclonal keratin antibody K8.12 and vimentin. This staining was found in the ratio of 10/26 (38.5%) in tubuloductal structures, 2/7 (28.6%) in peripheral tumor cells and 8/12 (66.7%) in modified myoepithelial cells. Concomitant staining of other keratin antibodies (PKK1, KL1) and vimentin did not exist. In addition, the ductal basal cells of normal salivary glands showed positive K8.12 labelling. The histogenesis of pleomorphic adenoma is discussed in relation to the differentiation of either ductal basal cells or ductal luminal cells from a single stem cell origin or the direct transformation of ductal basal cells to outer tumor cells and/or modified myoepithelial cells, both coexpressing K8.12 and vimentin.
Amelogenesis imperfecta: a scanning electron microscopic and microradiographic study
Authors: Bäckman Birgitta , Anneroth Göran , Hörstedt Per
Published: April 2006

The aim of the present study was to use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to visualize the morphology of the enamel surface in 12 primary teeth from children with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). The observations were correlated to genetic, clinical and microradiographic data from the same teeth and to non‐affected control teeth. SEM showed similar disturbances in teeth with a clinical predominance of hypoplasias and in teeth with a predominance of hypomineralization. In the microradiographs the enamel of most teeth showed both hypoplasias and areas of hypomineralization, independently of the predominant clinical manifestation. In the one boy with an X‐linked inheritance pattern, both SEM and microradiography showed the morphology of the enamel to be unique in the present study. In the other teeth, similar manifestations were found in cases with AI as an AD trait and in the sporadic cases.
Effects of bone marrow transplantation on impacted dental germs in osteopetrotic op/op rats
Authors: Philippart C. , Arys A. , Dourov N.
Published: April 2006

The osteopetrotic op/op rats suffered from a complete failure of tooth eruption in association with a reduced bone resorption. An unresorbed occlusal bone overlaid the germs which remained embedded in bone. The process of prefunctional eruption in limited growing teeth depends on the resorption of the alveolar bone covering the germs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hematopoietic grafts in newborn op/op rats on the process of prefunctional eruption. Fifteen op/op treated rats were used for radiographic, microradiographic and histologic examinations. After transfusion of bone marrow cells, we observed the restoration of bone resorption and a delayed eruption of the molars. The incisors never erupted. They developed odontome‐like tumors near their apices. These results confirm the dependence of tooth eruption on bone resorption.
Epithelial HLA‐DR expression in labial salivary glands in Sjögren's syndrome and nonspecific sialadenitis
Authors: Speight P. M. , Cruchley A. , Williams D. M.
Published: April 2006

The expression of the Class II major histocompatibility antigen HLA‐DR was quantified in the epithelial cells of labial salivary glands from patients with Sjögrens Syndrome (SS) and compared with similar expression in glands showing non‐specific sialadenitis and normal controls. In all glands more duct cells were positive than acinar cells but only in sialadenitis and SS was strong epithelial staining seen. The proportions of duct and acinar cells expressing HLA‐DR were increased between normals and sialadenitis (P < 0.01) and between sialadenitis and SS (P < 0.001). However, for all cases increased expression of HLA‐DR correlated to the increased proportion of inflammatory cells in the gland (P < 0.01). The results indicate that although HLA‐DR is expressed on the epithelial cells in the glandular lesions of SS, this is not specific as it is also seen in sialadenitis. This supports the view that such expression is secondary to an inflammatory infiltrate and may not be of importance in initiating autoimmune tissue damage.
Immunohistochemical and histologic study of cervical lymphoepithelial cysts
Authors: Hirota Jyusui , Maeda Yoshimasa , Ueta Eisaku , Osaki Tokio
Published: April 2006

Four cases of lateral cervical cysts were reported. All cyst walls were lined with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, and contained lymph follicles with well‐defined germinal centers. Ectopic salivary gland tissue was found in one case. Histochemical examination by the immunoperoxidase method revealed the existence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). However, alpha‐feto protein (AFP) and amylase were not detected in any of the cysts. The cyst fluid contained high levels of CEA and high titers of salivary type amylase, but AFP was negative. These results do not support any one of the theories concerning the etiology of cervical lymphoepithelial cysts. It seems likely that cysts derive from both epithelial remnants of the branchial apparatus and from salivary gland inclusions in lymph nodes.
Establishment and characterization of an epithelial cell line from the rat submandibular gland
Authors: Brown Ashley M. , Rusnock Eileen J. , Sciubba James J. , Baum Bruce J.
Published: April 2006

An epithelial cell line, RSMTx, has been established from the submandibular gland of weanling Fisher 344 rats by treatment of explanted tissue clumps with 3‐methylcholanthrene. These cells exhibit a polygonal shape on light microscopy and a polar appearance, with desmosomes, terminal bar‐like structures, surface microvilli and cytoplasmic interdigitations, when examined by electron microscopy. The cells react positively with an antiserum to cytoskeletal keratin, and a commercial monoclonal antibody to an “epithelial membrane antigen.” An antiserum, prepared against early passage cells in hamsters, reacts primarily with ductal elements in tissue sections of submandibular gland, as does an antiserum prepared in mice with late passage cells. The cells are easily passaged and have been maintained for more than two years in continuous culture.
Cell culture and characterization of human minor salivary gland duct cells
Authors: Kurth Barbara E. , Hazen‐Martin Debra J. , Sens Mary Ann , DeChamplain Richard W. , Sens Donald A.
Published: April 2006

In order to facilitate studies on human salivary glands, a method was developed for the culture of minor salivary gland duct cells from tissues obtained from oral surgery protocols. Minor salivary glands were isolated from such tissues, and a serum‐free growth medium was developed which supported the growth of the ductal component of these glands. The ductal origin of these cells was confirmed through immunohistochemical localization of replicating nuclei through incorporation of BrdU. The presence of epidermal keratin in replicating cells and the absence of smooth muscle myosin further substantiated the ductal origin of cells. Using normal growth mediun calcium concentrations (1.05 mM), these cells produced a keratinized multilayer of cells unable to undergo routine subculture procedures. A reduction in calcium ion concentration to 0.1 mM resulted in a cell monolayer, without evidence of terminal keratinization, which could undergo at least eight serial passages (1:3 ratio) under cell culture conditions. It is advanced that these minor salivary gland duct cell cultures will be of use to those studying diseases and disorders of the salivary glands.
Effects of systemic administration of nicotine on capillaries in rat oral mucosa
Authors: Johnson G. K. , Fung Y. K. , Squier C. A.
Published: April 2006

This study examined the reaction of the local vasculature of the oral mucosa in 16 Sprague Dawley rats receiving systemic nicotine delivered (1.5 mg/kg/day) via subcutaneous minipumps for 24 h or 2wk. Control animals received saline. After treatment animals were killed and biopsies taken from palate, maxillary gingiva and buccal mucosa, frozen and cryostat sections incubated to demonstrate alkaline phosphatase, which is a capillary marker. The total length of the capillary fragments in the nicotine treated groups was significantly less than of the control group. There was also a decrease in capillary height in both of the nicotine groups when compared to the control animals. This study indicates that morphologic alterations occur in the microvasculature of the oral mucosa following systemic nicotine administration. This may have implications for the role of chronic tobacco use in the etiology of oral mucosal disease, including periodontal disease.
A study of an in vitro model for invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Matsumoto K. , Horikoshi M. , Rikimaru K. , Enomoto S.
Published: April 2006

An in vitro model for studying the invasion mechanism of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was developed using a specific culture matrix composed of collagen gel combined with human fibroblasts. Five SCC cell lines cultured on collagen ‐ only gels showed stratified growth on the gels. However, all five cell lines showed invasive growth into the matrix when cultured on the fibroblast ‐incorporated collagen gels. Moreover, fibroblast‐conditioned medium was shown to promote the invasion of HSC‐3 cells into the collagen gels. These results suggest that fibroblasts play an important role in the invasion of oral SCC cells in vitro. Four cell lines, which were newly established in our laboratory, were tested in this assay system. These cell lines cultured on fibroblast‐incorporated collagen gels expressed morphologic and biologic characteristics in vitro, similar to those in vivo.
Effects of chronic stimulation of salivary gland β‐adrenoceptors on saliva composition and caries development in the rat
Authors: Ryberg M. , Johansson I. , Ericson T. , Mörnstad H. , Henriksson R. , Jönsson G. , Sundström S.
Published: April 2006

The effects of long‐term β‐adrenoceptor stimulation or inhibition on parotid and submandibular glands, saliva secretion, and caries development were studied. Groups of rats were treated daily with: 0.5 or 5 mg/kg body weight of isoproterenol (IPR), 0.5 or 5 mg/kg bw propranolol (PRO), or saline. After 42 days, saliva was collected and analyzed for secretion rate, total protein, amylase, sialic acid and electrolytes. Total protein and amylase in saliva decreased and potassium increased in the high IPR group. Phosphate increased in both IPR groups and decreased in the high PRO group. The average weight of parotid glands increased 3.7 times in the high IPR group and 1.8 times in the low IPR group. Amylase and total protein in parotid gland extracts decreased in both IPR groups. The submandibular gland weight increased 1.5 times in the high IPR group. Total protein decreased in the high IPR group. There was no difference in caries development.
Comparative patterns of smokeless tobacco usage among major league baseball personnel
Authors: Wisniewski John F. , Bartolucci Alfred A.
Published: April 2006

The purpose of this study was to survey major league baseball personnel in order to determine the prevalence, cultural distribution and factors influential in, and the level of knowledge of individuals regarding the harmful effects of smokeless tobacco usage. During the 1987 preseason/season, 25 of 26 baseball teams in the American and National Leagues participated in the survey. The players (46%) “dipped” or “chewed” more than the managers/coaches (35%) followed by the trainers (30%). Current usage of smokeless tobacco was highest among Caucasian athletes (50%) followed by Hispanic athletes (33%) and then Black athletes (30%). Among the baseball players surveyed who currently use smokeless tobacco, 58% started during the ages 18 to 22. This study indicates that although baseball personnel are fully aware of the harmful effects of smokeless tobacco usage, current use of smokeless tobacco in major league baseball is high. Additionally, baseball personnel start “dipping” or “chewing” smokeless tobacco at an early age and continue this practice for long periods.
Brushite in the pulp of primary molars
Authors: Arys A. , Jedwab J. , Pireaux J. J. , Philippart C. , Dourov N.
Published: April 2006

This study was undertaken to investigate the mineral phase of spherulitic calcifications discovered in the pulpous mesenchyme of human primary molars by microradiography. Analytical scanning electron microscopy and x‐ray diffraction disclosed that well‐crystallized brushite is the major compound of the spherulites. The mechanism leading to the crystallization of brushite is far from well understood. Histologically, on decalcified sections, inflammatory cells and capillaries can be seen trapped in the spherulites. In the light of these findings, it could be suggested that metabolic conditions may promote the crystallization of brushite in the pulp of primary molars.
Low prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in HIV‐1 seropositive African women
Authors: Wanzala Peter , Manji Firoze , Pindborg Jens J , Plummer Francis
Published: April 2006

In Nairobi (Kenya) 334 women prostitutes of whom 80.5% were HIV‐1 positive, were examined for oral mucosal lesions; 15.6% of seropositive, and 4.6% of seronegative, women had oral mucosal lesions, predominantly oral candidiasis. In the seropositives, 8.6% had erythematous, 1.1% had hyperplastic candidiasis, and 0.4% had hairly leukoplakia as the only oral lesions; 0.4% had a combination of erythematous and hyperplastic candidiasis, and 1.5% had combinations of pseudomembranous and erythematous candidiasis in the presence of hairly leukoplakia. Of the 211 seropositive women for whom we knew the first date on which a positive serologic test was obtained, the likelihood of developing an oral mucosal lesion was found to be dependent on the duration of seropositivity. The low incidence of oral mucosal lesions in this population may be due to the relatively recent acquisition of HIV‐1 infection.
Sjögren's syndrome: no demonstrable association by serology of secondary Sjögren's syndrome with cytomegalovirus
Authors: Scully Crispian
Published: April 2006

The possible relationship between Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) was examined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of serum antibodies. Patients with secondary SS did not have significantly different CMV antibodies compared with matched healthy controls.
Scanning electron microscopic studies and x‐ray microanalysis of hyaline bodies in odontogenic cysts
Authors: Philippou S. , Rühl G. H. , Mandelartz E.
Published: April 2006

70 odontogenic cysts with hyaline bodies (HB) were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. The scanning electron microscopic studies were performed on dried tissue material, which had been previously examined by light microscopy and energy dispersive x‐ray analysis of the histologic sections. The form and basic structure of both the early forms of HB as well as the HB Type I and II could be identified more closely. The early forms, the outer component of the HB Type II and the inner and outer component of the HB Type I consisted of a fine‐grained substance, which presumably goes through varying “partial homogenization”, thus giving the HB an increased firmness and elasticity. The HB are a product of the epithelium of odontogenic cysts and have direct contact to the outer layer of the adjacent cyst epithelium via its intercellular bridges.