bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern surgical strategies in pediatric neuroblastoma: Evolving approaches and treatment principles
Authors: Williams Keyonna M. , Shah Nikhil R. , Chukkapalli Sahiti , King Sarah , Grant Christa N. , Brown Erin G. , Avanzini Stefano , Lal Dave R. , Sarnacki Sabine , Newman Erika A.
Published: September 2024

Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor in children under the age of 5, has been described as early as the 19th century, and its complexity has continued to intrigue researchers, as well as medical and surgical specialists. At one end of the phenotypic spectrum, neuroblastoma is self‐limiting with minimal to no intervention required, while on the opposite end exists the challenge of refractory disease despite aggressive management and toxic systemic treatments. The goal of this review is to describe a comprehensive surgical perspective and contemporary approach to neuroblastoma.
Molecular Interactions of the Pioneer Transcription Factor GATA3 With DNA
Authors: Gharui Sowmomita , Sengupta Durba
Published: September 2024

The GATA3 transcription factor is a pioneer transcription factor that is critical in the development, proliferation, and maintenance of several immune cell types. Identifying the detailed conformational dynamics and interactions of this transcription factor, as well as its clinically important population variants will allow us to unravel its mode of action. In this study, we analyze the molecular interactions of the GATA3 transcription factor bound to dsDNA as well as three clinically important population variants by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We identify the effect of the variants on the DNA conformational dynamics and delineate the differences compared to the wildtype transcription factor that could be related to impaired function. We highlight the structural plasticity in the binding of the GATA3 transcription factor and identify important DNA‐protein contacts. Although the DNA‐protein contacts are persistent and appear to be stable, they exhibit nanosecond timescale fluctuations and several binding/unbinding events. Further, we identify differential DNA binding in the three variants and show that the N‐terminal binding is reduced in two of the variants. Our results indicate that reduced minor groove width and DNA diameter are important hallmarks for the binding of GATA3. Our work is an important step towards understanding the functional dynamics of the GATA3 protein and its clinically significant population variants.
Efficacy of Extracts of Oleogum Resin of Boswellia in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Dalmonte Thomas , Andreani Giulia , Rudelli Cecilia , Isani Gloria
Published: September 2024

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) has recently been ranked as the 11th highest contributor to global disability. More than 40% of patients use complementary and alternative medicine including supplements containing phytoextracts with anti‐inflammatory properties as those from the Boswellia genus. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of phytoextracts from the oleogum resin of the Boswellia genus as supplementation for patients affected by knee OA. Four electronic databases were used for the research and PRISMA statements were followed throughout the study. The following inclusion criteria were used: (a) the subjects of the study were humans with a diagnosis of knee OA reported by medical staff; (b) randomization and the presence of control (placebo, negative or positive control), and (c) outcomes reported with WOMAC and/or visual analog scale (VAS) score. Publication bias was assessed with a funnel plot and through the Egger test. The Jadad scale was used in order to assess the quality of the studies included. The statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. Results of meta‐analysis and subgroup analysis were reported using a forest plot. A total of 13 studies involving 850 (WOMAC) and 1185 (VAS) patients met the inclusion criteria. The meta‐analysis did not detect a significant effect of the use of Boswellia extracts between the control and the treatment groups due to the high heterogeneity of the studies (p = 0.0865 for WOMAC) and (p = 0.3966 VAS). However, the subsequent subgroup analysis demonstrated the significant beneficial effect of Boswellia extracts in the treatment of knee OA with respect to a placebo (lower WOMAC score in the treatment groups). This was also confirmed in the meta‐regression applied to the WOMAC scores. This is an important finding as people exposed to NSAID‐related adverse effects could benefit from the use of Boswellia extracts. However, further high‐quality studies are needed to establish the clinical efficacy of extracts from the genus Boswellia.
The effect of extreme weather events on the frequency of child marriage: A systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Palmer Anna , Danioko Aïché , Koski Alissa
Published: September 2024

Child marriage is considered a human rights violation, and its elimination is an explicit target of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. However, there is growing concern that climate change may be threatening efforts to eliminate child marriage. We conducted a systematic review to synthesise quantitative research on the relationship between climate change and child marriage and assess the risk of bias across these studies. We identified 18 studies from an interdisciplinary range of databases. Several studies found that child marriage was correlated with droughts and floods. However, because of the high risk of bias across studies, differences in the vulnerability of the populations studied, and differences in the definitions of extreme weather used, we are unable to draw broad conclusions about whether extreme weather events increase or decrease the rate of child marriage. We discuss common biases across studies and provide suggestions for improving the strength of evidence on this topic.
Pig Liver Cytosolic Carboxylesterase 1 and Its Inhibition by Remdesivir and Sofosbuvir
Authors: Yevgeniia Shesterenko , Yuliia Shesterenko , Irina Romanovska , Nikolay Semenishyn , Serhii Smola , Svitlana Dekina
Published: September 2024

Pig carboxylesterases (CESs) are recognized as enzymes that metabolize xenobiotics, and many drugs used in pig breeding that contain ester groups can be hydrolyzed by CESs. However, there are a limited number of publications focused on the molecular weight, inhibitor effects, and enzyme kinetics of porcine cytosolic carboxylesterase. This study presents the first investigation of the presence, kinetics, inhibition, and amino acid sequence of CES1, the major cytosolic CES isozyme in pig liver. The molecular weight of pig liver cytosolic CES1 was estimated to be approximately 179 kDa, and the amino acid sequence of the enzyme subunit was determined. The inhibition of CES1 by the antiviral drugs remdesivir and sofosbuvir was studied, and the IC50 values were determined. The results indicate that remdesivir and sofosbuvir can act as potent modulators of CES1. The inhibitors exhibited mixed‐type inhibition on pig liver cytosol CES1. It was found that the affinity of the remdesivir and sofosbuvir for free enzyme is greater than that for the enzyme‐substrate complex. A spectrofluorimetric method confirmed the inhibition findings, as the fluorescence intensity of remdesivir decreased upon interaction with the enzyme.
Synthesis and X‐Ray Structural Analyses Combined Anticancer Efficacy and Molecular Docking for N‐Aryl‐(2‐pyridyl)aldimines
Authors: Lasri Jamal , Eltayeb Naser E. , Soliman Saied M. , Ali Ehab M. M. , Rosli Mohd M. , Alzahrani Faisal Ay. , Eid Thamir M. , Alhayyani Sultan , Akhdhar Abdullah , Dutta Ayindrila , Jaremko Mariusz , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Almaqwashi Ali A.
Published: September 2024

The reaction of 2‐amino‐4,6‐dimethylpyridine with 4‐cyanobenzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde or 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthaldehyde furnished the corresponding N‐aryl‐(2‐pyridyl)aldimines in very good yields. The synthetised Schiff bases were characterized by FT‐IR, 1H, 13C, DEPT‐135 and [1H,13C]‐HSQC NMR spectroscopy, HRMS and elemental analyses. Additionally, the structure of 2‐((E)‐(4,6‐dimethylpyridin‐2‐ylimino)methyl)phenol was unambiguously determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Hirshfeld analysis of molecular packing was performed. The most common intermolecular interaction is the hydrogen‐hydrogen (56.8 %) contacts while the most significant interactions are the O…H (6.5 %) and C…C (4.2 %) contacts. DFT calculated geometric parameters and NMR chemical shifts are well correlated with the experimental data. This compound has a net dipole moment of 2.4261 Debye. The MCF‐7 growth was suppressed by N‐aryl‐(2‐pyridyl)aldimines more than that for T47D cell line. The IC50 values of 4‐((E)‐(4,6‐dimethylpyridin‐2‐ylimino)methyl)benzonitrile against MCF‐7 and T47D cell lines were the lowest and it is considered the most promising candidate as anticancer agent. Furthermore, this study conducted a molecular docking of benzonitrile‐based Schiff base onto DNA duplex to explore a potential molecular mechanism for the robust anticancer activities of this Schiff base adduct. The molecular docking results indicate that benzonitrile‐based Schiff base exhibits characteristics of a potential DNA minor groove binder.
Synergistic Role of Green‐Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials in Biomedicine Applications
Authors: Muhammad Salman Ajmal Hafiz , Muneer Rabbia , Saeed Atiqa , Tanveer Muhammad , Ahsan Saeed Muhammad
Published: September 2024

The substantial impact of nanotechnology on material sciences is exemplified through zinc oxide nanomaterials (ZnO NMs), which play a pivotal role in healthcare and environmental applications. This comprehensive review focuses on the eco‐friendly synthesis of ZnO NMs and their cutting‐edge practices in biomedical, including drug delivery, bioimaging, and anticancer therapies. Exploring environmentally responsible production techniques for ZnO NMs aims to mitigate risks associated with conventional methods, such as the use of costly and toxic precursors. In addition, these green methodologies present opportunities for generating diverse and significant morphologies. The study delves into the inhibitory effects of these NMs against microbes, cancer, and inflammation. The utilization of ZnO NMs in disease treatment and diagnosis prompts us to explore recent developments in emerging biomedical applications. Leveraging ZnO variable optical characteristics, biodegradability, inherent biocompatibility, adaptable surface chemistry, and high stability, the review covers a range of remarkable research studies for novel applications that possibly open up the potential for identifying, treating, and preventing serious human diseases.
Synergistic Interactions of Bulk Polarization and Built‐In Electric Field Inducing 2D/2D S‐Scheme Homojunction Toward Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Su Zhiqi , Wu Shiting , Zheng Lingxia , Zheng Huajun , Mao Liang , Shi Xiaowei
Published: September 2024

The rational design of S‐scheme photocatalysts, achieved by serially integrating two different semiconductors, represents a promising strategy for efficient charge separation and amplified photocatalytic performance, yet it remains a challenge. Herein, ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) and oxygen‐doped ZnIn2S4 (O‐ZIS) nanosheets are chosen to construct a homojunction catalyst architecture. Theoretical simulations alongside comprehensive in situ and ex situ characterizations confirm that ZIS and O‐ZIS with noncentrosymmetric layered structures can generate a polarization‐induced bulk‐internal electric field (IEF) within the crystal. A robust interface‐IEF is also created by the strong interfacial interaction between O‐ZIS and ZIS with different work functions. Owing to these features, the O‐ZIS/ZIS homojunction adopts an S‐scheme directional charge transfer route, wherein photoexcited electrons in ZIS and holes in O‐ZIS concurrently migrate to their interface and subsequently recombine. This enables spatial charge separation and provides a high driving force for both reduction and oxidation reactions simultaneously. Consequently, such photocatalyst exhibits an H2 evolution rate up to 142.9 µmol h−1 without any cocatalysts, which is 4.6‐ and 3.4‐fold higher than that of pristine ZIS and O‐ZIS, respectively. Benzaldehyde is also produced as a value‐added oxidation product with a rate of 146.9 µmol h−1. This work offers a new perspective on the design of S‐scheme systems.
Expanding the Potential Window through Synergistic Design and Oriented Heterostructure for Supercapacitor
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Nawaz Tehseen , Hussain Iftikhar , Amara Umay , Chen Xi , Eddahani Yassine , Walia Rajat , Zhang Kaili
Published: September 2024

Metal telluride‐based nanomaterials have recently gained attention as promising candidates for enhancing the performance of electrodes in energy storage devices. In this study, Co‐Zr‐Te@CuO electrode materials engineered through strategic approach are introduced, involving the deposition of a Co‐Zr metal‐organic framework (MOF) on CuO nanowires, followed by a tellurization. This composite material demonstrates an expanded potential window of 1.2 V, making it potential electrode material for supercapacitor applications. Electrochemical evaluations reveal that the Co‐Zr‐Te@CuO electrode exhibits 576 C g−1, 1.8 times higher than Co‐Zr‐MOF@CuO. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm enhancements in conductivity and explains the synergistic effects present within the heterostructure. Hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) device achieves a peak energy density of 69.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1.4 kW kg−1. This evidence of Co‐Zr‐Te@CuO effective electrode performance demonstrates its potential and robust stability for real‐world energy storage applications.
Lead–lag effect of research between conference papers and journal papers in data mining
Authors: Huang Yue , Tian Runyu
Published: September 2024

The examination of the lead–lag effect between different publication types, incorporating a temporal dimension, is very significant for assessing research. In this article, we introduce a novel framework to quantify the lead–lag effect between the research topics of conference papers and journal papers. We first identify research topics via the text‐embedding‐based topic modeling technique BERTopic, then extract the research topics of each time slice, construct and visualize the similarity matrix of topics to reveal the time‐lag direction and finally quantify the lead–lag effect by four proposed indicators, as well as by average influence topic similarity comparison maps. We conduct a detailed analysis of 19,166 bibliographic data for top conference papers and journal papers from 2015 to 2019 in the data mining field, calculate the similarity of topics obtained by BERTopic between each time slice divided by quarters. The results show that journal paper topics lag behind conference paper topics in the data mining field. The most significant lead–lag effect is 2.5 years, with approximately 33.45% of topics affected by this lag. The methodology presented here holds potential for broader application in the analysis of lead–lag effects across diverse research areas, offering valuable insights into the state of research development and informing policy decisions.

This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Science and Technology
Brownian motion and thermophoresis impact on heat and mass transfer analysis of thermally radiative magnetic nanofluid flow inside a cavity with gyrotactic microorganisms
Authors: Reddy P. Sudarsana , Sreedevi P.
Published: September 2024

Magnetic nanoliquids mass and heat transfer features inside a cavity filled with gyrotactic microorganisms by captivating thermal radiation is analyzed in this analysis. Most versatile finite element method (FEM) is instigated to solve the transformed momentum, temperature, concentration of microorganisms, and concentration of nanoliquid equations numerically. Brownian motion , Magnetic parameter , Radiation , Rayleigh number , Buoyancy ratio , Thermophoresis , Lewis number , Peclet number , and Bio‐convection Rayleigh number parameters influence on microorganisms isoconcentrations, nanoparticles isoconcentrations, isotherms, and streamlines inside the cavity is presented through plots. The sway of these influenced parameters on average Nusselt number, nanoparticles Sherwood number and microorganisms Sherwood numbers is also illustrated though graphs. It is perceived that the rate of heat transfer remarkably intensifies inside the cavity region with amplifying values of thermophoresis parameter.
Roads Ahead to Diversity and Inclusion by Software Engineering
Authors: Rastogi Ayushi
Published: September 2024

Ayushi Rastogi
Entanglement in Lifshitz fermion theories
Authors: Vasli Mohammad Javad , Babaei Velni Komeil , Mohammadi Mozaffar M. Reza , Mollabashi Ali
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We study the static entanglement structure in (1+1)-dimensional free Dirac-fermion theory with Lifshitz symmetry and arbitrary integer dynamical critical exponent. This model is different from the one introduced in [Hartmann et al., SciPost Phys.11 (2021) 031] due to a proper treatment of the square Laplace operator. Dirac fermion Lifshitz theory is local as opposed to its scalar counterpart which strongly affects its entanglement structure. We show that there is quantum entanglement across arbitrary subregions in various pure (including the vacuum) and mixed states of this theory for arbitrary integer values of the dynamical critical exponent. Our numerical investigations show that quantum entanglement in this theory is tightly bounded from above. Such a bound and other physical properties of quantum entanglement are carefully explained from the correlation structure in these theories. A generalization to (2+1)-dimensions where the entanglement structure is seriously different is addressed.
Measurement of Milli-Charged particles with a moderately large cross section from the Earth’s core at IceCube
Authors: Xu Ye
Published: September 2024

Abstract

It is assumed that heavy dark matter ϕ with O(TeV) mass captured by the Earth may decay to relativistic light milli-charged particles (MCPs). These MCPs could be measured by the IceCube neutrino telescope. The massless hidden photon model was taken for MCPs to interact with nuclei, so that the numbers and fluxes of expected MCPs may be evaluated at IceCube. Meanwhile, the numbers of expected neutrino background events were also evaluated at IceCube. Based on the assumption that no events are observed at IceCube in 10 years, the corresponding upper limits on MCP fluxes were calculated at 90% C. L. These results indicated that the MCPs from the Earth’s core could be directly detected at O(1TeV) energies at IceCube when 2 × 10−5 ≲ ϵ2 ≲ 4.5 × 10−3. And a new region of 4 GeV < mMCP < 10 GeV and 4.47 × 10−3 ≲ ϵ ≲ 9.41 × 10−2 is ruled out in the mMCP-ϵ plane with 10 years of IceCube data.
Robertson’s conjecture and universal finite generation in the homology of graph braid groups
Authors: Knudsen Ben , Ramos Eric
Published: September 2024

We formulate a categorification of Robertson’s conjecture analogous to the categorical graph minor conjecture of Miyata–Proudfoot–Ramos. We show that these conjectures imply the existence of a finite list of atomic graphs generating the homology of configuration spaces of graphs—in fixed degree, with a fixed number of particles, under topological embeddings. We explain how the simplest case of our conjecture follows from work of Barter and Proudfoot–Ramos, implying that the category of cographs is Noetherian, a result of potential independent interest.
Arterielle Hypertonie bei pädiatrischen Nierenerkrankungen
Authors: Grabitz Carl , Melk Anette
Published: September 2024

Ein Bluthochruck (arterielle Hypertonie) muss gerade im Kindesalter frühzeitig erkannt und behandelt werden, um die spätere kardiovaskuläre Morbidität und Mortalität zu verhindern. Kinder mit chronischen Nierenerkrankungen sind eine besonders vulnerable Gruppe, da die Nierenfunktionseinschränkung über die Aktivierung des Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Systems (RAAS) und bei Progression der Niereninsuffizienz mit eingeschränkter Diurese durch Volumenüberladung zu einer arteriellen Hypertonie führt. Der Bluthochdruck wiederum schädigt Gefäße, Herz und Niere, sodass ein Teufelskreis entsteht. Bei der Diagnose und zur Verlaufsuntersuchung des Bluthochdrucks sind die standardisierte Blutdruckmessung und die Langzeitblutdruckmessung entscheidend. Für beide Modalitäten müssen bis zum 16. Lebensjahr geschlechts-, alters- und körperlängenadaptierte Normwerte herangezogen werden. Im Kontext der chronischen Nierenerkrankung ist eine pharmakologische antihypertensive Therapie notwendig. Mittel der Wahl ist die RAAS-Blockade. Blutdruckzielwerte unterhalb der 90. Perzentile werden empfohlen. Auf Basis einer Interventionsstudie, die ein verlangsamtes Fortschreitens der Niereninsuffizienz bei intensiverer Blutdruckeinstellung gezeigt hatte, soll bei Kindern mit chronischer Nierenerkrankungen der Blutdruck unterhalb der 75. und bei Vorliegen einer Proteinurie unterhalb der 50. Perzentile liegen. Für Kinder mit einer Nierenersatztherapie, im Speziellen nach einer Nierentransplantation, steht die Evidenz für einen niedrigeren Zielblutdruck aus Interventionsstudien noch aus. Für die Langzeitbetreuung ist die Überwachung des Endorganschadens durch regelmäßige Echokardiographie, Augenhintergrund- und Albuminurieuntersuchung essenziell.
Rapid investment casting: a techno-economic analysis for evaluating VAT photopolymerisation processes
Authors: Sartini Mikhailo , Favi Claudio , Mandolini Marco
Published: September 2024

Adopting additive manufacturing in investment casting, known as rapid investment casting, can significantly reduce lead time and cost. Despite many publications on these technologies, no quantitative techno-economic analyses refer to rapid investment casting. The paper provides helpful insights and a decision-making approach for replacing conventional production technologies (i.e. wax injection) with additive manufacturing technologies. The study is based on a techno-economic analysis framework. It allows assessing key performance indicators (e.g. crossover points and payback periods) for stakeholders to decide the suitable VAT photopolymerisation processes (i.e. stereolithography, digital light processing, and material jetting) according to specific production scenarios (i.e. load factors). Analytical cost models were developed in the frame of this work to assess the time and cost of the overall manufacturing process of the resin model for investment casting, considering the post-processing stages for each of the technologies investigated. The cost models were used to assess the benefits introduced by additive manufacturing in rapid investment casting. A sensitivity analysis evaluated the impact of energy, material, and labour costs for both key performance indicators (crossover points and payback periods). The techno-economic analysis yielded the following results: (i) crossover points in terms of production costs vary, ranging from thousands of units for small components in the jewellery or fashion industries to a few dozen units for larger parts in the mechanical industry, and (ii) crossover points in terms of time are lower than those related to cost. Additionally, digital light processing is regarded as the most promising technology, offering the best crossover points and payback periods across various scenarios, mainly when 3D printers are used at a low utilisation rate.
Mechanical characterization of FDM components made of polyaryletherketone (PAEK) for aerospace applications: a comparison of direct printing and box-cut sample manufacturing strategies
Authors: Scipioni Silvia Ilaria , Pace Francesco , Paoletti Alfonso , Lambiase Francesco
Published: September 2024

This study delves into the manufacturing strategies employed for fabricating tensile samples utilized in the mechanical characterization of material extrusion (MEX) components constructed with polyaryletherketone (PAEK) for aerospace applications. Two distinct methods were investigated for obtaining tensile test samples: direct cutting and extraction from a box. These methods were examined under both as-printed and annealing conditions. Quasistatic tensile tests were conducted along the building direction to evaluate the impact of processing conditions on the adhesion of overlying layers. The results unveiled significant disparities in mechanical behavior and crystallinity between directly printed samples and those derived from the box. The Young’s modulus exhibited marginal influence; however, the tensile strength of directly printed samples measured at 30 MPa (prior to annealing), corresponding to 50% of the strength observed in samples cut from the box (60 MPa). Moreover, the elongation at rupture of directly printed samples was found to be less than 2%, while that of cut samples exceeded 8%. Notably, directly printed samples exhibited a significant degree of incipient crystallization (12.18%), contrasting with the lower level of crystallinity observed in samples cut from the box (3.27%). These findings underscore the importance of recognizing the limitations associated with direct sample printing, emphasizing its crucial role in accurately characterizing components destined for the aerospace industry. Furthermore, this understanding is pivotal for optimizing the performance and reliability of MEX-printed PAEK components in aerospace engineering applications.
An experimentally validated thermomechanical model for a parametric study on reducing residual stress in cast iron repair welding
Authors: Farahani Ehsan Borzabadi , Eder Martin Alexander , Alizadeh-Sh Masoud , Fæster Søren , Sarhadi Ali
Published: September 2024

Remarkable casting properties and superior mechanical characteristics of cast iron make it an ideal material for a wide range of industrial applications. However, the production of cast iron components may result in the formation of cracks and defects, posing a significant threat to their structural integrity. Repair welding is a promising solution to resolve cast iron production defects. However, repair welding cast iron components poses unique challenges that stem from residual stress (RS) formation and the possibility of cracking during the repair process. Moreover, research on cast iron repair is scarce. To overcome these challenges, this paper presents a thermo-mechanical model validated by experiments to reduce RS in cast iron repair welding through the optimization of welding parameters and weld sequences as well as the geometry of the repair area. An experimental bead-on-plate weld is set up in order to validate the developed thermo-mechanical model. The temperature distribution in the weld is measured using thermocouples placed around the weld line. An X-ray diffraction technique is used to measure the axial and transverse RS at different points around the weld line. The developed finite element model is employed to simulate the repair welding process and analyze the effect of inter-pass temperature, the number of welding passes, welding sequences, and groove geometry on the RS. The numerical approach applied in this study provides a framework for repair welding optimization of cast iron and other materials, fostering the development of more efficient and reliable repair methods for industrial applications.
A cluster-randomised controlled feasibility trial evaluating the Cognitive Occupation-Based programme for people with Multiple Sclerosis (COB-MS)
Authors: Hynes Sinéad M. , Dwyer Christopher P. , Alvarez-Iglesias Alberto , Rogers Fionnuala , Joyce Robert A. , Oglesby Megan H. , Moses Anusha , Bane Eimear , Counihan Timothy J. , Charamba Beatrice ,   COB-MS PPI Advisory Panel 1
Published: September 2024

Introduction

There is a high prevalence of cognitive difficulties in MS, but despite this, there are few programmes targeting cognition that focus on the ability to function well in everyday life. The Cognitive Occupation-Based programme for people with Multiple Sclerosis (COB-MS), an occupation-focused cognitive intervention, was developed to address this. It addresses both the functional difficulties and the wide-ranging symptoms that present in MS.

Objective

Here we report on the results of a cluster-randomised controlled feasibility trial (ISRCTN11462710; registered 4th September 2019) evaluating the COB-MS in terms of feasibility and initial efficacy as a cognitive intervention for people with MS.

Method

The eight-session COB-MS intervention was delivered remotely by occupational therapists to participants with MS in the intervention group. Following the end of the trial the COB-MS was delivered to the wait-list control group. Data was collected from people with MS experiencing cognitive difficulties at baseline, post-intervention, 12-weeks, and 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome measure was the Goal Attainment Scaling at 12 weeks. Data was also collected in the domains of cognition, quality of life, and mood.

Results

One hundred and eighteen people with MS and cognitive difficulties were randomised to either usual care (n = 60) or COB-MS intervention (n = 58). Ninety-four participants were retained at 6-month follow-up. The COB-MS was found to be feasible, including trial procedures and protocol. Data indicates that the COB-MS is accepted by participants and had positive impacts on daily life. Those allocated to the COB-MS group had a significant improvement in the primary outcome compared to the control condition. Progression criteria set for the feasibility trial have been met therefore further testing of the COB-MS at a definitive trial is supported by the results.

Conclusion

The results provide a strong basis for a pathway to a future definitive trial of COB-MS, with respect to both feasibility and preliminary, clinical efficacy.

Trial Registration

ISRCTN11462710 Date of registration: 4th September 2019.
Energy transition in sustainable transport: concepts, policies, and methodologies
Authors: Collazos Julieth Stefany García , Ardila Laura Milena Cardenas , Cardona Carlos Jaime Franco
Published: September 2024

The growth in population, economic expansion, and urban dynamism has collectively driven a surge in the use of public and private transport, resulting in increased energy consumption in this sector. Consequently, the transport sector requires an energy transition to meet mobility demands, foster economic growth, and achieve emission reduction. The main objective of this article is to systematically review the literature on energy transition in transportation, categorizing research, identifying barriers, and providing analysis to guide future steps, with a special focus on developing countries. The methodology used in this study follows a sequence for a systematic review based on an evidence-informed approach and specific guidelines for systematic reviews, exploring the concepts, methodologies, and policies within the context of the energy transition, considering transport modes and geographical scope. The findings indicate that electricity is the predominant energy source in this transition, although its prevalence varies by transport mode. Biofuels present an alternative, primarily contributing to emission reduction associated with fossil fuel use. Natural gas emerges as a cost-effective option for heavy transport, while hydrogen represents another alternative, with the challenge of developing recharging infrastructure. Determinants of this transition include recharging infrastructure, tax and nontax incentives, public policies, the generation of electric power from renewable sources, and the management of battery life cycles from mineral extraction to disposal.
Two-step deep-learning identification of heel keypoints from video-recorded gait
Authors: Halvorsen Kjartan , Peng Wei , Olsson Fredrik , Åberg Anna Cristina
Published: September 2024

Accurate and fast extraction of step parameters from video recordings of gait allows for richer information to be obtained from clinical tests such as Timed Up and Go. Current deep-learning methods are promising, but lack in accuracy for many clinical use cases. Extracting step parameters will often depend on extracted landmarks (keypoints) on the feet. We hypothesize that such keypoints can be determined with an accuracy relevant for clinical practice from video recordings by combining an existing general-purpose pose estimation method (OpenPose) with custom convolutional neural networks (convnets) specifically trained to identify keypoints on the heel. The combined method finds keypoints on the posterior and lateral aspects of the heel of the foot in side-view and frontal-view images from which step length and step width can be determined for calibrated cameras. Six different candidate convnets were evaluated, combining three different standard architectures as networks for feature extraction (backbone), and with two different networks for predicting keypoints on the heel (head networks). Using transfer learning, the backbone networks were pre-trained on the ImageNet dataset, and the combined networks (backbone + head) were fine-tuned on data from 184 trials of older, unimpaired adults. The data was recorded at three different locations and consisted of 193 k side-view images and 110 k frontal-view images. We evaluated the six different models using the absolute distance on the floor between predicted keypoints and manually labelled keypoints. For the best-performing convnet, the median error was 0.55 cm and the 75% quartile was below 1.26 cm using data from the side-view camera. The predictions are overall accurate, but show some outliers. The results indicate potential for future clinical use by automating a key step in marker-less gait parameter extraction.

Graphical abstract
Wer oder was ist ein Feind? Versuch einer Eingrenzung
Authors: Paris Rainer
Published: September 2024

Der Aufsatz entwickelt einen „reinen“ Begriff der Feindschaft. Er begreift Feindschaft als absolute Steigerung menschlicher Aggressivität bei gleichzeitigem Wegfall jeder Einschränkung oder Regelbindung. Der Feind ist der ultimativ zu bekämpfende Andere, der um jeden Preis vernichtet werden soll. Der erste Teil listet notwendige indexikalische Merkmale eines solchen Feindverständnisses auf, das im zweiten Abschnitt konflikttheoretisch verortet und von anderen Streittypen abgegrenzt wird. Dem folgt im dritten Teil ein Exkurs über die Feindbegriffe Carl Schmitts. Zum Schluss wird nach möglichen Relativierungen und Auswegen aus der Feindschaft gefragt.
Phase Field Study of Discontinuous Precipitation in a Miscibility Gap System
Authors: Mukherjee Deepjyoti , Larsson Henrik , Odqvist Joakim
Published: September 2024

A phase field model is developed to study the discontinuous (cellular) precipitation (DP) reaction in a hypothetical A-B miscibility gap system. Unlike previous treatments, the model employs an interaction energy term which couples the composition and the phase field variable to enable the necessary grain boundary movement. The influence of factors such as interaction energy, interfacial mobility and grain boundary diffusivity on the transformation rate and overall microstructure evolution are discussed.
Studies on adhesion between stainless steel fibers and polypropylene matrix addressing application in hybrid yarns
Authors: Böhnke Philippa R. C. , Overberg Matthias , Seidel Jakob , Rehra Jan , Scheffler Christina , Kruppke Iris , Abdkader Anwar , Schmeer Sebastian , Cherif Chokri
Published: September 2024

Hybrid yarns, combining stainless steel with glass fibers, are promising for impact-resistant composites. Inside the yarn, the thermoplastics matrix is provided in the form of endless filaments. Thermoplastics gained popularity as composites' matrix due to recyclability. The study emphasizes customizing adhesion between stainless steel and polypropylene for desired properties in the composites. Tailored adhesion is crucial for optimizing the performance of stainless steel/polypropylene composites. Within this contribution, a selection of adhesion promoters and preventers is analyzed to generate adjustable adhesion between polypropylene matrix and stainless steel filaments. The characterization is fulfilled using contact angle measurements on films of coating agents and coated stainless steel filaments. Furthermore, surface free energy is calculated and theoretical adhesion is analyzed between coating agent and stainless steel filaments and coated stainless steel filaments and polypropylene matrix. The results are validated by single fiber pullout tests.
TOD-related features and station-level ridership: insights from the Jakarta Metropolitan Area, Indonesia
Authors: Widita Alyas , Ikaputra  , Widyastuti Dyah T.
Published: September 2024

This paper contributes to the extensive literature on Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) by examining the association between TOD-related features and station-level ridership using the Commuter Rail Line system in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA), Indonesia, as a case study. We empirically test this hypothesized association through a series of statistical analyses, drawing from the Direct Ridership Model (DRM) literature. We incorporate indicators of station-level built environment as TOD-related features, along with socio-demographics and transit service characteristics as controls, to predict station-level ridership. Owing to the spatial dependency nature of the data, our results primarily focus on spatial regressions, suggesting that employment density and land-use entropy are consistent TOD-related features influencing station-level ridership. The paper concludes with a discussion of policy insights based on the findings, considering governmental initiatives in developing TOD policies.
Second Victim: Übersetzung der internationalen konsensbasierten Definition mittels Delphi-Methode
Authors: Rösner Hannah , Bushuven Stefan , Ettl Brigitte , Heininger Susanne , Hinzmann Dominik , Huf Wolfgang , Krommer Elisabeth , Marung Hartwig , Potura Eva , Raspe Matthias , Schwappach David , Trifunovic-König Milena , Strametz Reinhard
Published: September 2024

Einleitung

Der Begriff „Second Victim“ erfuhr seit seiner Prägung im Jahr 2000 bedeutende inhaltliche Erweiterungen und wurde kürzlich international neu konsentiert. Bislang existiert keine einheitliche deutsche Definition des Begriffs „Second Victim“. Um eine Basis für ein flächendeckendes Verständnis des Phänomens zu schaffen und die Vergleichbarkeit durchgeführter Forschung zum Thema zu erleichtern, zielt diese Studie darauf ab, eine konsensbasierte Übersetzung der aktuellen englischen Definition des Begriffs Second Victim zu erarbeiten.

Methode

Die konsensbasierte Übersetzung wurde mittels der Delphi-Methode durchgeführt. Es wurden 11 deutschsprachige Expertinnen und Experten aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz mit einschlägigen Publikationen eingeladen und 3 Delphi-Runden geplant.

Ergebnisse

An der Studie beteiligten sich 9 von 11 eingeladenen Expertinnen und Experten. Die Übersetzung der internationalen Definition eines Second Victim wurde nach drei Delphi-Runden mit einer Zustimmungsrate von 90 % konsentiert. Ein Second Victim wird damit definiert als: „Jede Fachkraft im Gesundheitswesen, die direkt oder indirekt an einem unerwarteten unerwünschten Patientenereignis, einem unbeabsichtigten Fehler in der Gesundheitsversorgung oder einer Patientenschädigung beteiligt ist und die zur betroffenen Person wird, indem sie ebenfalls beeinträchtigt ist.“

Diskussion

Mit der vorliegenden Delphi-Studie wurde erstmals eine deutschsprachige, evidenzbasierte Definition des Begriffs „Second Victim“ formal durch anerkannte Fachexpertinnen und Fachexperten konsentiert. Damit ist auch in Deutschland eine Grundlage für ein klares Verständnis des Begriffs geschaffen und ein Beitrag zu einer gemeinsamen Basis für die Diskussion und Erforschung des Second-Victim-Phänomens im deutschsprachigen Raum geleistet worden.
Continuous inclusion of other in the self
Authors: Beranek Benjamin , Castillo Geoffrey
Published: September 2024

The Inclusion of Other in the Self (IOS) scale is a popular tool to measure interpersonal closeness that is increasingly being used in economics. We develop and validate a continuous version of the IOS scale. This Continuous IOS scale gives a finer measure and addresses the reluctance of subjects to report low scores on the standard IOS scale. We also propose a version of the standard IOS scale that meets its original design features. Our IOS scales are easy-to-use, well-documented, standardised, and available at https://github.com/geoffreycastillo/ios-js.
Contact precautions for MRSA and VRE: where are we now? A survey of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Research Network
Authors: Martin Elise , Morgan Daniel J. , Pryor Rachel , Bearman Gonzalo
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Contact precautions for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) have limited data on efficacy and have been associated with patient harm. Still, a 2015 Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network (SRN) survey showed only 7% of hospitals discontinued routine MRSA/VRE contact precautions. The study objectives were to identify the current proportion of hospitals that have discontinued routine MRSA/VRE contact precautions and motivations for change.

Design:

An online survey was conducted of the SRN on current use and views of contact precautions for MRSA/VRE in each facility. An initial survey followed by 2 reminders was sent between 5/18/2021 and 6/9/2021.

Participants:

SRN facilities.

Results:

The response rate was 43% (37/87) of facilities surveyed and 35% of respondents were not routinely using contact precautions for MRSA and VRE. The most frequently reported reason for discontinuing contact precautions was research on the safety of discontinuing contact precautions without an increase in healthcare-associated infections (reported for 92% of facilities for MRSA and 100% for VRE). Of those using contact precautions, the most frequently reported reason to continue was a lack of safety data for discontinuation (MRSA 58% and VRE 46%). Most of those continuing contact precautions were interested in using contact precautions differently in their facility (MRSA 63% and VRE 58%).

Conclusions:

Over one in three healthcare facilities surveyed do not use contact precautions for MRSA or VRE. Most facilities choosing to continue contact precautions are interested in a different implementation strategy.
Community partner coauthorship for increased implementation science impact: Strengthening capacity and engagement
Authors: Lee Rebekka M. , Torres Cristina Huebner , Daly James G. , Thomas Annette , Hannon Peggy A. , Likumahuwa-Ackman Sonja , Emmons Karen M.
Published: September 2024

Engaging diverse partners in each phase of the research process is the gold standard of community-engaged research and adds value to the impact of implementation science. However, partner engagement in dissemination, particularly meaningful involvement in developing peer-reviewed manuscripts, is lacking. The Implementation Science Centers in Cancer Control are using the Translational Science Benefits Model to demonstrate the impact of our work beyond traditional metrics, including building capacity and promoting community engagement. This paper presents a case example of one center that has developed a policy for including community partners as coauthors. Standard practices are used to foster clear communications and bidirectional collaboration. Of published papers focused on center infrastructure and implementation research pilots, 92% have community partner coauthors. This includes 21 individuals in roles ranging from physician assistant to medical director to quality manager. Through this intentional experience of co-creation, community partners have strengthened implementation science expertise. Community coauthors have also ensured that data interpretation and dissemination reflect real-world practice environments and offer sustainable strategies for rapid translation to practice improvements. Funders, academic journals, and researchers all have important roles to play in supporting community coauthors as critical thought partners who can help to narrow the gap between research and practice.
A Nature-based Social Prescribing Impact Pathways Framework (NabSPIP): applying the One Health perspective
Authors: Kenyon Anna V.
Published: September 2024

The need for a planetary approach to healthcare is widely recognised at national and international levels. Social prescribing is becoming an increasingly popular strategy for meeting contemporary social, physical and mental health needs as well as tackling health inequalities. As this is a relatively new and emerging healthcare intervention, a comprehensive and accurate understanding of its impact is essential to support continued improvements in care, develop strategies for scale-up and delivery and justify further funding and investment. Nature-based Social Prescribing (NBSP) has unique potential to affect animal and environmental outcomes as well as human health. The One Health perspective can be used to operationalise and evaluate NBSP. This article presents the Nature-based Social Prescribing Impact Pathways (NaBSPIP) framework, which can be used to guide NBSP design and evaluation to leverage maximum benefit for humans, animals and the environment that we share.
Rhizomatic Organizing, Collective Leadership, and Community-Centered Pedagogy in the Early Asian American Movement
Authors: Fujino Diane C.
Published: September 2024

This article examines the rhizomatic approach to political organizing developed by the Asian American Political Alliance (AAPA). AAPA, founded in 1968 in Berkeley, CA, is an organization of historical significance, having introduced the term “Asian American” to signify a new political identity and developed the first pan-Asian nationwide social movement. Yet the scholarly treatment of AAPA has been rather cursory. This article is one of the the most extensively researched studies of AAPA. In three parts, it examines AAPA's (a) rhizomatic approach to political organizing, (b) model of collective leadership, and (c) community-centered pedagogy. First, the article conceptualizes AAPA's rhizomatic mode, which fostered the decentralized, interconnected participation of many people. AAPA prioritized a participatory model that also created space for women to have influence. Second, examining AAPA's activities shows an approach to community-based organizing that affirmed the knowledge produced by ordinary people gained through their lived experiences. Third, the article explores the importance of relationship building and rhizomatic networks in AAPA's growth across the nation. While not exclusive of vertical structures, AAPA's focus on egalitarian, collaborative organizing infused the national movement and helped to make collective leadership a hallmark of the broader Asian American movement.