bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of electron irradiation on fluctuation conductivity and pseudogap in YBa2Cu3O7−δ single crystals
Authors: Solovjov A. L. , Omelchenko L. V. , Petrenko E. V. , Khadzhai G. Ya. , Sergeyev D. M. , Chroneos A. , Vovk R. V.
Published: September 2022

The effect of electron irradiation with the energy of 2.5 MeV on the temperature dependences of the resistivity ρ(T) of an optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7−δ single crystal has been studied. The temperature dependences of both fluctuation conductivity σ′ (T) and the pseudogap Δ*(T) on irradiation dose φ have been calculated within the local pair model. Here we show that with an increase in φ, the value of ρ(300 K) increases linearly, while Tc decreases linearly. Concurrently, the value of ρ(100 K) increases nonlinearly, demonstrating a feature for φ3 = 4.3⋅1018 e/cm2, which is also observed in the number of other dose-dependent parameters. Regardless of the irradiation dose, in the temperature range from Tc up to T01, σ′(T) obeys the classical fluctuation theories of Aslamazov-Larkin (3D-AL) and Maki-Thompson (2D-MT), demonstrating 3D-2D crossover with increasing temperature. The crossover temperature T0 makes it possible to determine the coherence length along the c axis, ξc(0), which increases by ∼3 times under irradiation. Furthermore, the range of superconducting fluctuations above Tc also noticeably increases. At φ1 = 0, the dependence Δ*(T) typical for single crystals containing pronounced twin boundaries is observed with a maximum at Tpair ∼120 K and a distinct minimum at T = T01. It was determined for the first time that at φ3 = 4.3⋅1018 e/cm2 the shape of Δ*(T) changes strongly and becomes the same as in optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7−δ single crystals with a very low pseudogap opening temperature T* and noticeably reduced Tpair, while at Tc(φ) there are no singularities. With an increase in the irradiation dose up to φ4 = 8.81018 e/cm2, the shape of Δ*(T) is restored and becomes the same as in well-structured YBa2Cu3O7−δ films and untwined single crystals. Moreover, in this case, Tpair and T* increase noticeably.
Degradation of the electric transport characteristics of the FeSe superconductor after a long-term storage
Authors: Khadzhay G. Ya. , Kislitsa M. V. , Vovk R. V. , Solovjov A. L. , Nazarova E. , Buchkov K. , Vovk S. R. , Feher A.
Published: September 2022

The temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of an iron-containing superconductor with a nominal composition of FeSe0.94 was studied in the range of 4.2–300 K after a long storing for 7 years. This dependence was compared with a similar dependence of a freshly manufactured sample. After long-term storing, superconductivity was retained, but the temperature of the superconducting transition decreased significantly, and the structural phase transition characteristic of a freshly prepared sample is absent. The temperature dependences of the electrical resistance both for a freshly prepared sample and after a long storing are due to the scattering of electrons by phonons and defects, and can be described in terms of the Bloch–Gruneisen–Wilson model.
Nonlinear relaxation between magnons and phonons in insulating ferromagnets in the external magnetic field
Authors: Shklovskij V. A. , Naboichenko O. S. , Kotvytska L. A.
Published: September 2022

Nonlinear relaxation between spin waves (magnons) and the crystal lattice (phonons) in an insulating ferromagnet in the external magnetic field is investigated theoretically. Magnons and phonons are described by the equilibrium Bose–Einstein distributions with different temperatures Ts > Tl. The magnon temperature is assumed to be much lower than the Debye temperature Ts<<ΘD, which is justified at low temperatures. The nonlinear heat current from magnons to phonons is calculated microscopically in terms of the Cherenkov radiation of phonons by magnons. The results are discussed in comparison with the well-known theoretical results on the nonlinear electron-phonon relaxation in metals (M. I. Kaganov, I. M. Lifshitz, and L. V. Tanatarov [Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 31, 232 (1956)]). The elaborated theoretical description is relevant for spinpumping experiments and thermoelectric devices in which the magnon temperature is essentially higher than the phonon one. The derived expression for the heat current can be used for calculation of the nonlinear heat boundary resistance in spin-caloritronic heterostructures.
The mechanism of influence of polyvinyl alcohol (9 kDa) on the formation of ice crystals in aqueous solutions
Authors: Dyubko T. S. , Pivovarenko V. G. , Kuleshova L. G. , Chekanova V. V. , Hvozdiuk Ya. V. , Pakhomova Yu. S. , Kompaniets A. M. , Falko Ο. V. , Tatarets A. L.
Published: September 2022

Preventing crystallization of the liquid phase during freeze-thawing of cells is one of the main problems that need to be solved for the successful preservation of biomaterial at low temperatures. One highly effective recrystallization inhibitor is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). However, the mechanisms of its cryoprotective effect have not been finally elucidated. In particular, it is not clear which structural features contribute to the realization of the antirecrystallization properties of PVA in the region of its cryoprotective concentrations. The influence of PVA on solvent crystallization and structural rearrangements of associations of PVA molecules in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was experimentally investigated. Solutions of PVA (molecular weight 9 kDa) in PBS were studied by cryomicroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy methods. It was shown that molecular associations of PVA in PBS undergo a rearrangement of about 0.5−1 wt%, which is accompanied by a change in their size and hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties. PVA also changes the morphological structure of ice upon cooling and prevents crystallization upon heating. It is suggested that the mechanism of the antirecrystallization activity of PVA may be due to the formation of its complexes with the surface of ice crystals.
Large electron vortex beams produced by MEMS-based device
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: September 2022

MEMS-based device generates electron vortex beams with over 1000 orbital angular momentum quanta and offers complete tunability.
In-situ cleaning technique improves extreme ultraviolet lithography efficiency
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: September 2022

Method could extend collector mirror lifetimes indefinitely, expanding EUVL tool availability.
Quantum dynamics study of OH−+CH3I reaction: Reaction probability, integral cross section, and energy efficacy
Authors: Rao Shenyan , Wang Dunyou
Published: September 2022

We investigate the reaction probability, integral cross section, and energy efficiency of the OH−+CH3I reaction using the time-dependent quantum dynamics wave packet method. A four-degree-of-freedom dynamics model is developed for this study due to the synchronized SN2 bond-breaking and formation mechanism. We find that the reaction probability decreases as a function of the collision energy, which is a typical character of reactions with a negative energy barrier. The ground-state integral cross section calculated using this model is in excellent agreement with the quasi-classical trajectory results. The integral cross-section ratios of the vibrational excitations over the ground state, at the same equal amount of total energy, indicate that the vibrational motion of the CH3–I is more efficient in enhancing the reactivity than the translational motion, which, in turn, has a bigger contribution to the reactivity than the C–H3 vibrational motion. The energy efficacy order in the reactivity is confirmed by the sudden vector model prediction.
Peltier effect in noninteracting double quantum dots
Authors: Zeng Xiangzhong , Ye Lyuzhou , Xu Rui-Xue , Zheng Xiao
Published: September 2022

Peltier effect is an important thermoelectric phenomenon which stands for the generation of temperature gradient of the interface between two dissimilar conductors by the electric current flowing through them. In this work, we investigate the Peltier effect in serially coupled noninteracting double quantum dot system under a bias voltage. By means of an accurate hierarchical equations of local temperatures of the two dots differ from each other by applying an electric current through the dots. We then analyze theoretically the influence of interdot and dot-lead coupling on the thermopower and electric current. Finally, we elucidate the variation of Peltier heat and Joule heat with the interdot coupling and dot-lead coupling, which leads to the changes in the local temperature of the quantum dots.
Engineering WS2 exciton polarization by an anisotropic organic substrate
Authors: An Zhiyuan , Ai Qiang , Chen Haitao , Wang Xiao , Gao Tingge
Published: September 2022

Controlling the polarization of the emitted light at room temperature is critical for the transition metal dichalcogenides monolayer based photonic devices. One way is to integrate the complicated man-made photonic structures with the monolayer where the photoluminescence (PL) couples with linearly polarized radiation. However, the PL polarization of the monolayer is fixed and cannot be tuned in these structures. In this work, through transferring the WS2 monolayer onto a simple organic β-perylene (Pe) layer, we show the PL of the WS2 monolayer can be linearly polarized by virtue of the coupling with the anisotropic modes, which are created due to the reflection of photons between the surface of the Pe substrate. More importantly, we demonstrate tunable linearly polarized excitonic emission from the WS2 monolayer by varying the thickness of the β-Pe substrate. Our work paves the way to engineer the exciton polarization of 2D materials without complicated fabrication structures at room temperature.
Detection of fortunate molecules induce particle resolution shift (PAR-shift) toward single-molecule limit in SMLM: A technique for resolving molecular clusters in cellular system
Authors: S Aravinth , Joshi Prakash , Mondal Partha Pratim
Published: September 2022

Molecules capable of emitting a large number of photons (also known as fortunate molecules) are crucial for achieving a resolution close to single molecule limit (the actual size of a single molecule). We propose a long-exposure single molecule localization microscopy (leSMLM) technique that enables detection of fortunate molecules, which is based on the fact that detecting a relatively small subset of molecules with large photon emission increases its localization precision (∼r0/N). Fortunate molecules have the ability to emit a large burst of photons over a prolonged time (> average blinking lifetime). So, a long exposure time allows the time window necessary to detect these elite molecules. The technique involves the detection of fortunate molecules to generate enough statistics for a quality reconstruction of the target protein distribution in a cellular system. Studies show a significant PArticle Resolution Shift (PAR-shift) of about 6 and 11 nm toward single-molecule-limit (far from diffraction-limit) for an exposure time window of 60 and 90 ms, respectively. In addition, a significant decrease in the fraction of fortunate molecules (single molecules with small localization precision) is observed. Specifically, 8.33% and 3.43% molecules are found to emit in 30–60  ms and >60 ms, respectively, when compared to single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). The long exposure has enabled better visualization of the Dendra2HA molecular cluster, resolving sub-clusters within a large cluster. Thus, the proposed technique leSMLM facilitates a better study of cluster formation in fixed samples. Overall, leSMLM technique offers a spatial resolution improvement of ~ 10 nm compared to traditional SMLM at the cost of marginally poor temporal resolution.
Bulk viscosity of hard sphere fluids by equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Heyes D. M. , Pieprzyk S. , Brańka A. C.
Published: September 2022

The bulk viscosity, ηb, of the hard sphere (HS) fluid is computed by equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations, the latter using an adaptation of the time-stepping method for continuous potential systems invented by Hoover et al. [Phys. Rev. A 21, 1756 (1980)], which employs an imposed cyclic density variation on the system by affine scaling of the particle coordinates. The time-stepping method employed for HS is validated against exact event-driven hard sphere methodology for a series of equilibrium quantities over a wide density range, including the pressure, singular parts of the hard sphere viscosities, and the nonsingular parts of the shear viscosity time correlation functions. The time steps used are typically only a little smaller than those employed in continuous potential simulations. Exact pressure tensor fluctuation expressions are derived for the singular (or infinite limiting frequency) equilibrium parts of the viscosities, which were employed in the simulations. The values obtained agree well with the predictions of the Enskog theory for all densities considered. The bulk viscosity obtained by NEMD is shown to be noticeably frequency dependent for densities in excess of ∼0.8, decaying approximately exponentially to the Enskog and equilibrium simulation values at all densities considered for frequencies in excess of ∼5 in hard sphere units. Temperature profiles during the cycle and the effects of strain amplitude on the computed frequency dependent bulk viscosity are presented. The bulk viscosity increases with the maximum density amplitude.
Instability of oscillations in the Rosenzweig–MacArthur model of one consumer and two resources
Authors: Gawroński Przemysław , Borzì Alfio , Kułakowski Krzysztof
Published: September 2022

The system of two resources R1 and R2 and one consumer C is investigated within the Rosenzweig–MacArthur model with a Holling type II functional response. The rates of consumption of particular resources are normalized as to keep their sum constant. Dynamic switching is introduced as to increase the variable C in a process of finite speed. The space of parameters where both resources coexist is explored numerically. The results indicate that oscillations of C and mutually synchronized Ri, which appear equal for the rates of consumption, are destabilized when these rates are modified. Then, the system is driven to one of fixed points or to a limit cycle with a much smaller amplitude. As a consequence of symmetry between the resources, the consumer cannot change the preferred resource once it is chosen.
Choi matrices revisited
Authors: Kye Seung-Hyeok
Published: September 2022

A linear map between matrix algebras corresponds to the Choi matrix in the tensor product of two matrix algebras whose definition depends on matrix units. Paulsen and Shultz [J. Math. Phys. 54, 072201 (2013)] considered the question if one can replace matrix units by another basis of matrix algebras in the definition of the Choi matrix to retain the correspondence between the complete positivity of maps and the positivity of Choi matrices and gave a sufficient condition on basis under which this is true. In this note, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions to see that the Paulsen–Shultz condition is also necessary.
Cavitation bubbles with a tunable-surface-tension thermal lattice Boltzmann model
Authors: Wang Yurong , Peng Haonan , He Xiaolong , Zhang Jianmin
Published: September 2022

The effects of surface tension and initial input energy on cavitation properties based on a tunable-surface-tension large-density-ratio thermal lattice Boltzmann method pseudo-potential model are investigated. The validity and superiority of the proposed model in simulating the D2 law, Laplace law, and revised thermal two-dimensional Rayleigh–Plesset equation are demonstrated. Moreover, the lattice Boltzmann method was used to study the effects of varied surface tension on cavitation bubble properties for the first time, and the maximum surface tension-to-minimum surface tension ratio of 25 is utilized, which is highly improved compared with previous numerical simulations (<4) and makes our result more clear. The simulation results indicate that for an infinite liquid, the increase in the surface tension will improve the collapse intensity of cavitation bubbles, increasing the collapse pressure, velocity, and temperature and meanwhile reducing the bubble lifetime. For the cavitation bubbles collapsing near a neutral wall, with an increase in the surface tension, the collapse pressure, temperature, and cavitation bubble lifetime trends are the same as in the infinite liquid. However, the collapse velocity is affected by the neutral wall, and the micro-jet becomes wider and shorter. The maximum cavitation bubble radius in an infinite liquid is nearly linearly proportional to the input initial energy. An increase in the surface energy reduces the maximum radius of the cavitation bubbles, while increasing the pressure energy and thermal energy promotes the maximum radius of the cavitation bubbles. This series of simulations proves the feasibility of the proposed model to investigate the thermodynamic process of the cavitation bubbles with high density ratios, wide viscosity ratios, and various surface tensions.
Vertical WSe2/BP/MoS2 heterostructures with tunneling behaviors and photodetection
Authors: Wu Fan , Zhu Zheng-Qiang , Tian He , Yan Zhaoyi , Liu Yanming , Xu Yang , Xing Chao-Yang , Ren Tian-ling
Published: September 2022

Van der Waals heterostructures show potential in electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, most heterostructures were formed based on the combination of two kinds two-dimensional (2D) materials. It is interesting to investigate the heterostructures of three kinds of 2D materials with unique band structure for photodetection and tunneling. In this work, vertical stacked WSe2/black phosphorus (BP)/MoS2 heterostructure has been made. By tuning the middle layer BP thickness from thin to thick, the device can be regarded as tunneling transistor and photodetector. Throughout thin BP (9 nm) sandwiched, tunneling transistor is realized in WSe2/BP/MoS2 heterojunction with a high ∼μA level tunneling current. Temperature dependent electrical characteristics proved tunneling mechanism. Throughout thicker BP (20–30 nm) flake sandwiched, high-performance photodetector can be achieved. The large bandgap of WSe2 and MoS2 can further reduce the dark current to ∼10 pA level at 3.0 V drain–source bias. Moreover, the unique band alignment facilitates the photo-electrons flow and blocked photo-holes in the BP channel. The photoresponsivity can reach 1.43 A/W at near infrared light with λ = 1342 nm. Our work suggests an effective scheme to design high performance electronic and optoelectronic devices assembled by 2D materials.
A multi-dimensional two-phase mixture model for intense sediment transport in sheet flow and around pipeline
Authors: Li Jiaxing , Chen Xin
Published: September 2022

A two-phase mixture model is developed to simulate intense sediment transport covering the bed-load layer and suspended load layer. The proposed model maintains high accuracy as an Eulerian two-phase model but requires low computational cost. The proposed model applies an analytical formula for relative velocity between phases. The dense granular flow rheology is employed to close particle stress economically. The closure of Reynolds stress considers turbulence damping and small-scale fluctuation of fluid–particle interaction and particle collision. A damping function is adopted in eddy viscosity for extra turbulence damping from inter-particle interaction. The optimal exponent of the damping function refers to sediment shape and size. The sediment diffusion includes turbulence diffusion and shear-induced self-diffusion originating from dense sediment. The proposed model is validated by several sets of sheet flow cases (Shields number Θ = 0.44–2.20 and particle Reynolds number Res = 1.6–603.0) and shows a wide applicable range and good accuracy. The small-scale fluctuation and shear-induced self-diffusion improve the computation in the lower sheet flow layer where volumetric sediment concentration is larger than 0.2. Furthermore, the proposed model shows reasonable applicability on the multi-dimensional pipeline scour development. The scour profiles are well predicted and the Brier Skill Score = 0.809. However, the proposed model does not perform the wake characteristic around the pipeline sufficiently, and slight scour difference exists between the simulation and experiment.
How digital is agriculture in a subset of countries from South America? Adoption and limitations
Authors: Puntel L. A. , Bolfe É. L. , Melchiori R. J. M. , Ortega R. , Tiscornia G. , Roel A. , Scaramuzza F. , Best S. , Berger A. G. , Hansel D. S. S. , Palacios Durán D. , Balboa G. R.
Published: September 2022

Digital agriculture (DA) can contribute solutions to meet an increase in healthy, nutritious, and affordable food demands in an efficient and sustainable way. South America (SA) is one of the main grain and protein producers in the world but the status of DA in the region is unknown. A systematic review and case studies from Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile were conducted to address the following objectives: (1) quantify adoption of existing DA technologies, (2) identify limitations for DA adoption; and (3) summarise existing metrics to benchmark DA benefits. Level of DA adoption was led by Brazil and Argentina followed by Uruguay and at a slower rate, Chile. GPS guidance systems, mapping tools, mobile apps and remote sensing were the most adopted DA technologies in SA. The most reported limitations to adoption were technology cost, lack of training, limited number of companies providing services, and unclear benefits from DA. Across the case studies, there was no clear definition of DA. To mitigate some of these limitations, our findings suggest the need for a DA educational curriculum that can fulfill the demand for job skills such as data processing, analysis and interpretation. Regional efforts are needed to standardise these metrics. This will allow stakeholders to design targeted initiatives to promote DA towards sustainability of food production in the region.
Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in northern Australia
Authors: Meumann Ella M. , Bainomugisa Arnold
Published: September 2022

Australia has one of the lowest rates of tuberculosis (TB) globally; however, the rates of TB in the Northern Territory (NT) Top End and in Far North Queensland are consistently higher than the national average. Genomic sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is increasingly being implemented for transmission surveillance and antimicrobial resistance prediction. Genomic epidemiological studies in northern Australia have demonstrated the utility of sequencing for tracking TB transmission. In the NT Top End, this has demonstrated that most TB transmission is occurring in remote regions, with recent transmission and reactivation from latency contributing to incident TB. In Far North Queensland, genomics has been used to track transmission of a multidrug-resistant MTB clone across the Torres Strait. The next steps include implementation of MTB genomic sequencing in jurisdictional laboratories with real-time cross-jurisdictional analysis to inform public health management of TB.
Corrigendum to: Toward a terrestrial biogeographical regionalisation of the world: historical notes, characterisation and area nomenclature
Authors: Morrone Juan J. , Ebach Malte C.
Published: September 2022

An interim hierarchical classification (i.e. biogeographical regionalisation or area taxonomy) of the world’s terrestrial regions is provided, following the work of Morrone published in Australian Systematic Botany in 2015. Area names are listed according to the International Code of Area Nomenclature so as to synonymise redundant names. The interim global terrestrial regionalisation to the subregion level recognises 3 kingdoms, 2 subkingdoms, 8 regions, 21 subregions and 5 transition zones. No new names are proposed for the regions; however, Lydekker’s Line is renamed Illiger’s Line. We note that some regions still require area classification at the subregion level, particularly the Palearctic, Ethiopian and Oriental regions. Henceforth, the following interim global regionalisation may be used as a template for further revisions and additions of new areas in the future.
Triglyceride lipolysis triggers liquid crystalline phases in lipid droplets and alters the LD proteome
Authors: Rogers Sean , Gui Long , Kovalenko Anastasiia , Zoni Valeria , Carpentier Maxime , Ramji Kamran , Ben Mbarek Kalthoum , Bacle Amelie , Fuchs Patrick , Campomanes Pablo , Reetz Evan , Speer Natalie Ortiz , Reynolds Emma , Thiam Abdou Rachid , Vanni Stefano , Nicastro Daniela , Henne W. Mike
Published: September 2022

Lipid droplets (LDs) are reservoirs for triglycerides (TGs) and sterol-esters (SEs), but how these lipids are organized within LDs and influence their proteome remain unclear. Using in situ cryo-electron tomography, we show that glucose restriction triggers lipid phase transitions within LDs generating liquid crystalline lattices inside them. Mechanistically this requires TG lipolysis, which decreases the LD’s TG:SE ratio, promoting SE transition to a liquid crystalline phase. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal TG depletion promotes spontaneous TG and SE demixing in LDs, additionally altering the lipid packing of the PL monolayer surface. Fluorescence imaging and proteomics further reveal that liquid crystalline phases are associated with selective remodeling of the LD proteome. Some canonical LD proteins, including Erg6, relocalize to the ER network, whereas others remain LD-associated. Model peptide LiveDrop also redistributes from LDs to the ER, suggesting liquid crystalline phases influence ER–LD interorganelle transport. Our data suggests glucose restriction drives TG mobilization, which alters the phase properties of LD lipids and selectively remodels the LD proteome.
Chemical vapor deposition: a potential tool for wafer scale growth of two-dimensional layered materials
Authors: El Hammoumi Mohammed , Chaudhary Vivek , Neugebauer P , El Fatimy A
Published: September 2022

The rapidly growing demand for high-performance and low-power electronic and photonic devices has driven attention towards novel two-dimensional (2D) layered materials. In this regard, 2D layered materials, including graphene, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and newly discovered phosphorene, have the potential to take over the existing semiconductor industry due to their intriguing features, such as excellent electrical conductivity, strong light–matter interaction, and especially the ability to scale down the resulting device to the atomic level. However, to explore the full potential of these materials in various technological applications, it is essential to develop a large-scale synthesis method that can provide uniform, defect-free thin film. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique has been proven to produce large-scale and less defective 2D crystals with reasonably good quality and uniformity compared to other elaboration techniques, such as molecular beam epitaxy. This article discusses whether CVD may improve 2D layered materials growth, including graphene and MoS2, and whether it can be used to grow phosphorene. Only a few attempts have been made using CVD-like methods to grow phosphorene directly on the substrate. Still, one has to go long to establish a proper CVD method for phosphorene synthesis.
Investigation of hybridized bluff bodies for flow-induced vibration energy harvesting
Authors: Wang Junlei , Wang Yiqing , Hu Guobiao
Published: September 2022

Small-scale wind energy harvesting based on flow-induced vibration (FIV) mechanisms has attracted lots of research interest in recent years. Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) and galloping energy harvesters usually outperform each other in different wind-speed ranges. To combine the advantages of VIV and galloping harvesters, this paper explores the idea of using a hybridized bluff body constituting of two cylindrical and one cuboid segment for wind energy harvesting. The total length of the hybridized bluff body was fixed. The cuboid segment length was varied to investigate the effect on the FIV behavior of the bluff body. The results show that, when the cuboid segment is short in length, the bluff body exhibits VIV-like behavior in the low wind-speed range and galloping-like behavior in the high-speed range. In the medium wind-speed range, galloping-VIV coupling appears. However, if the cuboid segment is longer, the galloping-VIV coupling phenomenon disappears; the hybridized bluff body behaves just like a cuboid one and only exhibits a galloping motion. In addition to experiments, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are also conducted to provide more insights into the aerodynamics of the hybridized bluff body. The simulation results reveal that introducing hybridization into the bluff body changes the vorticity flow behind it and alters the vortex-shedding behavior. The vortex-shedding effect, in turn, affects the vibration of the bluff body, as well as the performance of the harvester.
Rules of thumb for synthesizing superheavy elements
Authors: Manjunatha H C , Vidya Y S , Gupta P S Damodara , Manjunatha N , Sowmya N , Seenappa L , Nandi T
Published: September 2022

Synthesizing any elements in the eighth period using either cold or hot fusion reactions remains a big challenge to date. The quasifission mechanism restricts complete fusion to an indeterminably low evaporation residue (ER) cross-section for superheavy nuclei. The entrance channel parameters of the heavy-ion reaction, the fission barrier of the compound nucleus, the deformation parameters of the projectile and target nuclei, and the kinetic energy of the projectile are mainly responsible for governing the scale of the quasifission. The role of these factors has been examined explicitly by the experimental ER cross-sections. Thorough comparisons lead us to infer that the entrance channel criteria contribute to a much lower extent than the deformation parameters do. The effect of deformation can be categorized into four rules as validated by all the reactions used except one

S
c

21

45

+

C
f

98

249

→

119

294

Uue. The null result from this reaction is explained by the improper choice of the projectile energy, as shown theoretically by means of a statistical model approach, which is valid for a system having a large nucleon number so as to intrinsically have a high density of excited states. The optimal selection of the beam energy sets another rule. Therefore, these five rules can be treated as the rules of thumb for synthesizing the superheavy elements. Application of the first four rules can enable us primarily to spot a suitable reaction, and finally, exploitation of the fifth rule chooses the most appropriate reaction at a preferable excited energy to achieve the highest ER cross-section for a superheavy element.
Study of mathematics through indian veda’s : A review
Authors: Sharma Tarunika , Khubnani Rashi , Subramanyam Chitiralla
Published: September 2022

Vedic Mathematics a method of conceptual calculation also reasoning. It has 16 sutras (formulas) and 13 sub-sutras(corollary). Vedic Mathematics formulas, which are mathematical concepts founded proceeding antediluvian Indian scripts called Veda meaning, knowledge reiterated by SWAMI SRI BHARATI KRISNA TIRTHAJI MAHARAJA. Due to its versatile nature and speed, it applies to many fields. This paper is an array of growth and development in the field of Vedic mathematics with a special focus on the structure of Vedic multipliers and Vedic algorithms like Urdhva Tiriyagbhyam and Nikhilam algorithms. Further an over view of Vedic Mathematics with NEP2020 is deliberated.
Development of Machine Learning models for air pollutants using weka
Authors: Venkatramana Reddy S , Madhavi Latha N , Sarojamma B.
Published: September 2022

All over the world desecration is a major factor for livelihood and plantation. There are various types of desecrations and major are air desecration ( or desecration), water desecration or water desecration, Industrial desecration, noise desecration, urban desecration etc. In India Act 1981 prescribes various functions for the Central Desecration Control Board (CPCB) at the open level and state desecration control board at the state level about air desecration. Act 1974 gives about water prevention and control desecration. Act 1986 section 2(a) explains noise desecration under rules, 2000. In this paper we are collected data of air pollutants such as particulate matter of 2.5 microns or less. particulate matter of 10 microns or less, Nitrogen Monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, chemical compound of oxygen and nitrogen, Azane or Ammonia, Carbon Monoxide, Sulfur dioxide Ozone,Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, AQI, AQI_Bucket. For these variables we are fitted Machine Learning models such as Naive Bayes Classifier, CV Parameter Selection, K-nearest neighbours, J48 and Hyper Pipes using WEKA software. Detailed accuracy for models like TP ratio, FP ratio, precision, F-measure, ROC area are estimated. Using Root average square error, Average absolute error, we examine which is the best model.
A review of Economic Order Quantity modelling, their extensions and applicability
Authors: Raju Uma
Published: September 2022

Inventory control and management is an important task for every organization, wherein they need to determine the order quantity and order period to maintain enough inventory to meet the demand. The original Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model was developed by Ford W. Harris to address this problem and determine the optimal order quantity that helps in optimizing the cost incurred by the organization. Even though this model gives a very good approximation on these parameters, there were many inherent restrictions to the model that were based on un-realistic expectations. In over a century since its original publication, many researchers have made extensions to this model to address the limitations and align it with real world scenarios. In this review paper, we intend to provide a representation of the original EOQ model, its limitations and the various extensions made to the model to address these limitations.
Computational Simulation of the Effect of Increase in the Estrogen level on the Normal- Tumour- Immune- Unhealthy Diet Model for breast cancer
Authors: Shankar Narayan S , Vaishnaw Nidhi S , Shivakumar B N , Vaishnav Aastha
Published: September 2022

Previous research findings have shown that an unhealthy diet can trigger the progression of tumors leading to a high mortality rate. Also, it has been noted that the hormonal changes caused in the human body support the proliferation rate in several kinds of cancer. In the present research, the light is thrown on breast cancer. Estrogens are a class of hormones that play an essential function in women’s proper sexual and reproductive advancement. Moreover, studies have revealed that a woman’s risk of breast cancer is proportional to the Estrogen and testosterone produced by the. Long-term and/or high-level exposure to these hormones has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. A novel mathematical model is framed to analyze the effect of estrogen levels on cancer advancement in females integrated with the effect of the unhealthy diet model. The levels of Estrogen are fixed to explore the other cell densities. The research concluded that the level of estrogen produced has a remarkable effect on the immune system in the case of a patient with breast cancer consuming an unhealthy diet.
Terahertz probe assisted failure mechanism analysis of silver nanowire film heaters under high working power
Authors: Wang Mengjiao , Ji Shulin
Published: September 2022

The silver nanowire film heaters have the breakdown problem under high working power. It is related with the Rayleigh instability of the silver nanowires and with the electromigration of silver atoms under high electric field localized within nanowire diameter due to the percolation conduction of the silver nanowire films. During the instability of the two structures, the carrier is confined to the nanostructure and suffers different backscattering, which is studied by non-contact Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. In this paper, structural collapse of heaters presented by THz spectroscopy is to be studied in depth, and the Rayleigh instability and electromigration on device failure are paid attention to by extracting the characteristic parameters of THz time domain spectroscopy and by evaluating the changing trend of the characteristic parameters during device failure. Failure mechanism of heaters under high working power is to be revealed and countermeasures are to be developed. The implementation of this project could drive forward further research on intelligent heaters, which is valuable for scientific research and industrial applications.
Picosecond imaging at high spatial resolution using TOFPET2 AISC v2d and microchannel plate detector
Authors: Sudjai T. , Lapington J.S. , Leach S.A.
Published: September 2022

Microchannel plate-based detectors provide advantages over their solid-state counterparts for applications where a combination of virtually zero noise photon-counting, large format, short wavelength sensitivity with high resolution timing and imaging are required. Solar-blind applications, Cherenkov detectors for high energy physics, and UV astronomy are such fields. The application to Cherenkov detection is particularly demanding, requiring time resolution below 100 picoseconds combined with imaging and high throughput. This requires the readout to combine high spatial and temporal event resolution at high rates necessitating a parallel readout approach. We describe a readout design comprising a pixellated readout array instrumented using multi-channel fast timing electronics and incorporating charge centroiding to achieve sub-pixel spatial resolution. We present experimental results of the relationship between time-over-threshold and signal amplitude and a centroiding image obtained with an MCP detector using a pixellated readout geometry. The readout was optimised for a fast electronics implementation based on the TOFPET system, a multi-channel all-in-one ASIC originally designed for time-of-flight PET using silicon photomultipliers.
Optimization of the iterative deconvolution correction method applied to ionization chamber response for small field dosimetry measurements
Authors: Bahhous Karim , Aboulbanine Zakaria , Zerfaoui Mustapha , El Outmani Amine , El Khayati Naïma
Published: September 2022

This study aims to optimize the iterative deconvolution correction of air-filled
ionization chamber measurements with limited spatial resolution for photon beam dosimetry. The
ionization chamber volume effect could be explained by the inhomogeneity of the absorbed dose
in its sensitive volume, leading to a volume averaging effect acting as a convolution kernel 
K(x). Therefore, the “true” dose profile Pt(x) can be deduced by deconvolving measured
1D profiles Pm(x). The Semiflex 3D ionization chamber type PTW 31021 was studied for beams
with flattening filter (WFF), while the SNC125c ionization chamber was investigated for
flattening filter free (FFF) beams. The deconvolution distributions were compared for the
first ionization chamber with reference dose profiles calculated by Monte Carlo simulation and
for the second ionization chamber with reference measurements obtained using a diode EDGE
detector, suitable for small field applications. The convolution kernel was assumed to be a sum
of normalized Gaussian and Lorentz distributions parametrized by the pair (σicλic
). Good results were obtained with respect to the γ
index 2.0%/0.5 mm
criterion for the field sizes 6 × 6 mm2, 10 × 10 mm2 and
20 × 20 mm2. The highest agreement between reference and corrected measurement data
was obtained by using the Gauss-Lorentz distribution parameters (1.92 mm, 0.80 mm) and (1.90 mm,
0.90 mm) for the ionization chambers Semiflex 3D type PTW 31021 and SNC125c, respectively.
Peptide-based assembled nanostructures that can direct cellular responses
Authors: Huang Haofu , Kiick Kristi
Published: September 2022

Natural originated materials have been well-studied over the past several decades owing to their higher biocompatibility compared to the traditional polymers. Peptides, consisting of amino acids, are among the most popular programmable building blocks, which is becoming a growing interest in nanobiotechnology. Structures assembled using those biomimetic peptides allow the exploration of chemical sequences beyond those been routinely used in biology. In this review, we discussed the most recent experimental discoveries on the peptide-based assembled nanostructures and their potential application at the cellular level such as drug delivery. In particular, we explored the fundamental principles of peptide self-assembly and the most recent development in improving their interactions with biological systems. We believe that as the fundamental knowledge of the peptide assemblies evolves, the more sophisticated and versatile nanostructures can be built, with promising biomedical applications.
‘Bethe-ansatz-free’ eigenstates for spin-1/2 Richardson–Gaudin integrable models
Authors: Faribault Alexandre , Dimo Claude
Published: September 2022

In this work we construct the eigenstates of the most general spin-1/2 Richardson–Gaudin model integrable in an external magnetic field. This includes the possibility for fully anisotropic XYZ coupling such that the

S

i

x

S

j

x

,

S

i

y

S

j

y

and

S

i

z

S

j

z

terms all have distinct coupling strengths. While insuring that integrability is maintained in the presence of an external field excludes the elliptic XYZ model which is only integrable at zero field, this work still covers a wide class of fully anisotropic (XYZ) models associated with non skew-symmetric r-matrices. The eigenstates, as constructed here, do not require any usable Bethe ansatz and therefore: no proper pseudo-vacuum, Bethe roots, or generalised spin raising (Gaudin) operators have to be defined. Indeed, the eigenstates are generically built only through the conserved charges which define the model of interest and the specification of the set of eigenvalues defining the particular eigenstate. Since these eigenvalues are, in general, solutions to a simple set of quadratic equations, the proposed approach is simpler to implement than any Bethe ansatz and, moreover, it remains completely identical independently of the symmetries of the model. Indeed, the construction removes any distinction between XYZ models and XXZ/XXX models and, generically, that between models with or without U(1) symmetry so that any difficulties associated with the use of a Bethe ansatz in any of these cases are avoided.
Impact of surface texturing on the tribological behaviour of aluminium-silicon (Al-Si/Al2O3) advanced composite under dry and lubricating conditions
Authors: Srivyas Pranav Dev , Charoo M S , Wani M F , Sehgal Rakesh , Raina Ankush , Haq Mir Irfan Ul , Shekhar Chandra , Medhi Tanmoy , Arumugam Soundhar
Published: September 2022

In the present work, modification of aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) alloy based advanced composite surface is performed using laser texturing (LT). Surface texturing (ST) with different patterns, i.e., dimple (T1), square (T2), triangular (T3), and line hatched (T4) textures are done on the alloy surface and its impact on the mechanism to reduce friction and wear are investigated. The tribo tests are conducted at 10 N load, Hertzian contact pressure (Pmax) 708.7 MPa, 1 mm stroke length, frequency 50 Hz and sliding distance (SD) up to 450 m. The tribological behavior of the non-textured surface (NTS) and textured surface (TS) are examined under dry sliding conditions (DSC) and two lubricating sliding conditions (LSC) comprising of virgin PAO-4 (Lube-1) and PAO-4 + 1 wt% graphene nanoplatelets (Lube-2). T2 texture reveals a 49.53%, 69.21% and 44.91% decrease in friction coefficient(COF) and 58.1%, 43.74% and 83.86% decrease in wear volume (WV) than the NTS for DSC, Lube-1 and,Lube-2, correspondingly. Results show that ST improved friction efficiency, and shortened the running-in period. The current study results help to provide in-depth interpretation of micro-texturing and its relationship w.r.t. tribological characteristics.
Cobalt porphyrin/molybdenum disulfide nanoensembles for light-assisted electrocatalytic water oxidation and selective hydrogen peroxide production
Authors: Perivoliotis Dimitrios K , Stangel Christina , Sato Yuta , Suenaga Kazu , Tagmatarchis Nikos
Published: September 2022

The development of photo/electroactive catalysts sustainably producing hydrogen from water splitting and selectively hydrogen peroxide is of paramount importance to alleviate climate change effects. Herein, an anionic cobalt porphyrin (CoP) derivative is electrostatically interfaced with a positively charged modified molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), forming CoP/MoS2, which is accordingly employed as nonprecious photo/electrocatalyst for water oxidation reaction (WOR) and selective H2O2 production. According to the results, CoP/MoS2 shows remarkable bifunctional photo/electrocatalytic performance for WOR and 2e− pathway O2 reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline electrolyte. Upon visible light irradiation, electrochemical measurements on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass electrode reveal an onset potential of 0.595 mV (ORR) and 1.575 mV (WOR) vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, being improved by approximately 80 mV, in both cases, compared to the dark conditions. Notably, the use of the FTO set-up not only enabled us to evaluate the photo/electrocatalytic activity of the CoP/MoS2 nanoensemble but also mimics the practical conditions in photo/electrochemical devices. The outstanding bifunctional photo/electrocatalytic performance of CoP/MoS2 is attributed to (a) the use of CoP as versatile single-atom molecular catalyst and photosensitizer (b) the strong ion-pair interactions between cationic modified MoS2 and the anionic CoP derivative, which prevent aggregation, ensuring better accessibility of the reactants to cobalt active sites, and (c) the co-existence of 1T and 2H phase at modified MoS2, offering improved electrical conductivity and intrinsic electrocatalytic activity along with enhanced intraensemble electronic interactions upon illumination. This work is expected to inspire the design of advanced and low-cost materials for the sustainable production of renewable fuels.
Observations of mode frequency increase and the appearance of ITB during the m/n = 1/1 kink mode in EAST high electron temperature long pulse operation
Authors: CHAO Yan , ZHANG Wei , HU Liqun , GENG Kangning , XU Liqing , ZHANG Tao , ZANG Qing , ZHOU Tianfu
Published: September 2022

A new long-pulse high electron temperature (

T

e

) regime has been achieved on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak by pure radio frequency heating. In this new scenario, there are mainly two confinement states involving two magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) modes, one of which is identified as m/n = 1/1 kink mode (where m and n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively). The frequency evolution of the kink mode is investigated through the three-dimensional, toroidal, and nonlinear Hall-MHD code CLT. We firstly find that the frequency of the m/n = 1/1 kink mode significantly increases during each sawtooth crash and then confirmed it through the experimental data. The simulation results indicate that the increase of the mode frequency is mainly due to the significant increase of the electron diamagnetic frequency nearby the reconnection region. We have also observed the internal transport barrier (ITB) during the m/n = 1/1 kink mode. To further investigate this m/n = 1/1 kink mode in this new regime, the multi-scale interactions between the m/n = 1/1 kink mode and turbulence are discussed.