bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Silver Nanoparticles Impregnated Biocellulose Produced by Sweet Glutinous Rice Fermentation with the GenusAcetobacter
Authors: Nicomrat Duongruitai
Published: January 2020

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural renewable and biodegradable polymer and mostly synthesized from the bacteria genus,Acetobacter. More recent studies on effective biopolymer in various applications have been conducted due to its uniform structure and morphology superior to those of plant cellulose. In this study, the researchers have observed the effectiveness on antimicrobial activity of BC produced by sweet glutinous rice as a raw material instead of cellulosic materials. In the process, sweet glutinous rice fermented by Loog-pang was fermented for alcohol before further making rice vinegar product by inoculating withGluconacetobacter xylinumTISTR 086, or mixed with indigenous vinegar producers, isolatedAcetobacterspp. from our laboratory. Both these two samples gave comparable BC yields and the antimicrobial activity after impregnating with silver nanoparticles and also comparable to the control coconut vinegar medium (2.20 vs 2.00 g/L within 3 days). The optimum conditions for high BC production were pH 4 to 7, temperature approximately 25-30°C, slow agitation (50 to 90 rpm) as well as static cultivation. The remarkable antimicrobial activities of silver nanoparticles impregnated BC products (Ag-BC) showed high tentativein vitroinhibition on common pathogens in contaminated wounds;Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coliandPseudomonas aeruginosaby agar diffusion test. From this study, Ag-BC produced by fermented sweet glutinous rice (FSR) will therefore be one attractive affordable choice for being biomaterials applied in medical interests, especially skin disinfectant.
Profiling Analysis of Fatty Acids and Collagens Obtained from Sea Cucumbers
Authors: Budzinski Pascal , Maimeun Mananya , Mutrakulcharoen Parita , Wonganu Benjamaporn , Sriariyanun Malinee
Published: January 2020

Investigations of alternative resources for production of functional foods and ingredients containing valuable compounds with biological activities are getting more and more attention. Sea cucumbers are aquatic functional foods with various medical and pharmaceutical effects, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. This study aimed to conduct profiling analysis of fatty acids and collagens extracted from four different sea cucumbers harvested from Papua New Guinea by using Gas Chromatrography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR). Three different extraction methods in combination with various solvents were used to find the best combination for extracting fatty acids. Enzymatic and chemical extraction methods were applied for collagen extraction. The highest fat recovery in this study was 85.32% of theoretical yield with high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids up to 74.54%, and enriched with omega-3 fatty acid. FT-IR chromatogram of sea cucumber protein extracts showed the characteristic of collagen enriched with glycine and proline. The nutritional analysis of sea cucumber extracts demonstrated the potential use as functional foods and ingredients with high benefits to human health.
Consumption and performance responses of the amphipod Echinogammarus berilloni change during laboratory incubation
Authors: Solagaistua Libe , Elosegi Arturo , Larrañaga Aitor
Published: January 2020

Microcosms try to mimic the behaviour of natural ecosystems; however, differences in experimental conditions reduce comparability among studies. A standard incubation duration may increase comparability between experiments without losing realism in the response. Some response variables can respond fast, acting as early warning signals of other, more important oncoming changes. In this experiment, we test the effects of resource quality and incubation duration on the performance of the amphipod Echinogammarus berilloni. Individuals were fed on five leaf species of contrasting quality and we measured their consumption rate, death rate, RNA:body mass (RNA:BM), growth rate, mass body condition and lipid body condition over time. We predicted that (i) resource quality would affect the response variables, (ii) consumption rate and RNA:BM ratio would act as early warning signals of oncoming changes in growth or death rates, and (iii) the inter-individual variation would gradually decrease with time. Resource quality was positively related to consumption rates, although it did not correlate to nutrient concentration and toughness of the materials. Amphipod body mass condition changed with diet, animals feeding on oak and beech showing the lowest values. Death rate, growth rate, RNA:BM, and lipid mass condition did not change with food resources. Consumption, growth rate and mass body condition changed with time. Moreover, consumption, mass body condition and RNA:BM significantly interacted with incubation duration. Variability among individuals in consumption and growth rate decreased with time, as predicted. Our results pointed that special care should be taken when comparing microcosm experiments with different incubation duration.
Organizational Business Model of State Franchising
Authors: Baldina Julia , Masyuk Natalya
Published: January 2020

The development of entrepreneurship in any country is inextricably linked with the participation of the state, without the intervention and support of which it is impossible to create a friendly institutional environment conducive to the development of entrepreneurial initiatives and entrepreneurial activity of the population. Small and medium entrepreneurship is the main driving force of the country's economic development throughout the world. The development strategy of the Russian Federation for 2018-2024 includes seven strategic priorities, some of which relate to the development of entrepreneurship and support for civic entrepreneurial initiative, the creation of a competitive economy in which government policy will be aimed at partnership with private business and reducing the direct participation of the state in the economy, and support of such socially important areas as health, education, social sphere, etc. In this connection, there is a need for s forms of the partnership of state and business structures in socially important sectors in order to attract small and medium-sized businesses. At the same time, a mechanism is needed to implement such a partnership, which should be based on a business model that will allow you to clearly understand the logical links and relationships. This paper describes the author's version of the configuration (template) of the business model of state franchising as a form of partnership between business and government. The basis is the canvas of the classic business models of Osterwalder-Pigneur and Ash Maurya. Special attention is paid to unfair (non-market) competitive advantage, which business receives. The described business model makes it possible to cover the partnership in general, concentrate on the main things, discover bottlenecks and interdependencies, contradictions and alternatives. Work within the framework of this business model gives a chance to significantly increase the efficiency of partners and to support socially significant areas of business.
Agricultural enterprises development strategy investment support in the field of animal husbandry in Ukraine
Authors: Ishchenko Svitlana , Skrypniuk Kateryna , Pyrogov Dmytro , Tkach Tetyana
Published: January 2020

The article studies the theoretical and methodological principles of investment support for agricultural enterprises development strategy. Under modern conditions, when the Ukrainian producers are forced to revise the strategic guidelines for their own development as a result of the lost traditional markets for agricultural products, the investment support for implementing the long-term development programs becomes especially topical. Such elements of investment support for enterprise development as investment environment, investment potential and investment climate, have to be considered not only by the commodity producers but also influenced by the state on a regular basis. The enterprises investment support system is dynamic and flexible in terms of quite turbulent modern economic development of Ukraine, it is constantly transformed under the influence of a wide range of factors. This requires the formation and implementation of an effective national policy to attract foreign investment, to boost the investment attractiveness of the national economy as a whole, to ensure an adequate protection level of investments and to implement other system measures to create a favorable investment environment. The study of the livestock sector development trend in Ukraine shows that after years of neglect to the industry development by the state we face degradation, evidenced by the negative dynamics of both volumetric and qualitative indicators. In terms of the research the attention was paid to the development of tools for forecasting the investment support impact on the livestock enterprises development indicators in order to use the predictive model in strategic planning.
Customer’s View and Experience with Loyalty Programs in the South Bohemia
Authors: Stuchlý Jaroslav , Jambal Tsolmon , Ližbetinová Lenka
Published: January 2020

The aim of the article is to determine the attitudes of South Bohemian customers to the loyalty programs. The article is based on the partial output of research focusing on customer loyalty to loyalty programs. The research was conducted in 2018 by a questionnaire survey with 267 respondents. Respondents interviewed were customers who live in the South Bohemian Region. The results presented in the article are based on the part of the questionnaire, where the respondents answered how much they agree with the fourteen claims concerning loyalty programs. Attention is also focused on looking for dependencies of overall evaluation in relation to loyalty programs in terms of identification variables: gender, age, education and the size of the respondent's place of residence. Two-choice statistical tests and the Kruskal-Wallis test are used to determine dependencies. The statistical program R. was used to perform these tests.
The impact of globalization on regional marketing
Authors: Jánošová Denisa , Labudová Lenka
Published: January 2020

The impact of economic globalization on regional development is a frequent topic of professional and public debate. Globalization has become a phenomenon that has a tremendous impact and knows no boundaries. Through its influence, it transformed the whole society and connected all the cultures of the world. It has provoked innumerable qualitative changes that have affected the world economy, world trade, transport, ecology and other important areas. Globalization can also be called a driving force for economic change through which it has accelerated areas such as information and communication technologies, innovation, new forms of competitiveness and other areas that have been able to support the mobility of global capital of the whole population. Globalization is a phenomenon that has legitimately included in humanity’s most advanced history. With its coming, the whole world has gradually realized that our planet is becoming smaller and smaller. The main aim of our article is to identify and analyze indicators of the green city in the capital of Slovakia, Bratislava. Based on available data and critically evaluate the results of the analysis and formulate recommendations for self-government. Regional development and improving the living conditions of the population are, in this period of time, very important topics. Attention is focused on the development of society and economic life, which is unevenly distributed and it is calling for the need of coordinating tools
Is the Value of the New Business Tax Shield Lower? Comparative Study of International Valuation Methods
Authors: Michalkova Lucia , Frajtova Michalikova Katarina
Published: January 2020

The macroeconomic environment has been characterized by strong GDP growth in recent years. The favourable conditions allow the growth of new innovative businesses (start-ups), which support multiplier economic development. New businesses are often unprofitable in the first years of existence; there is a higher probability of default. The issue of start-ups may be insufficient funding, high costs of financial distress and resulting low corporate value and unattractiveness for investors. The aim of this paper is to analyse and evaluate which of the existing methods of quantifying the debt tax shield is suitable for start-ups. Three different approaches have been chosen to calculate the interest tax shield; Modigliani-Miller (1963) model for imperfect capital markets and two models from Velez-Pareja (2013,2016). The results were obtained by correlation analysis of more than 5,000 Slovak businesses, the impact of the age of the business on the value of tax shield was examined. Also, the impact of the industry on the value of tax shield was explored. The results of the analysis suggest that the quantification by Modigliani-Miller (1963) formula does not take sufficient into account of the age of company. In contrast, the Velez-Pareja (2013, 2016) models are suitable for start-ups, because they take into account the potential tax shield, which occurs when the operating income cannot cover financial costs (especially interest paid). In innovative industries, start-ups often do not reach the traditional tax shield, but their value may be higher using an alternative formula by Velez-Pareja.
Personnel trends in a globalised world
Authors: Pechová Jana
Published: January 2020

The labour market is the main external condition for personnel management and is influenced by population development, immigration policy of the state, globalization of the labour market and trends in the content of work activities. Human resources as grown in importance and value in the third millennium. Transforming human capital is a fundamental factor in the success of business in global markets. The development of economics leads to an increasing need for adaptability and flexibility of workers, a creative approach and, last but not least, the ability to acquire, choose, and retain talented workers from all over the world. Personnel trends in a globalised world is oriented towards a modern method of selection or development of workers with an emphasis on the criterion of creativity. The contribution represents the usual course of VAC with the standard criteria and offers a new VAC design in relation to the key competency of the 21st century which is creativity. The practical part of the contribution is a case study conducted qualitative research with representatives of Generation X and Y and respects the stated objective: to create a new VAC design with the selection or development criterion of creativity.
Knowledge management and its application in human resources management in the context of globalization
Authors: Ponisciakova Olga
Published: January 2020

Business management is a set of specific activities that a daily manager performs. Many facts and their course are influenced by their intuitive or cognitive decision-making. It has the ability to manage traditionally, dogmatically, or innovatively, which also depends largely on its personality profile. However, all executives jointly influence the environment in which they can apply their skills. It is an environment that is changing globalization. Managers need to recognize and interact with their impacts if they want to manage competitive businesses. They are looking for ways to reveal and use the dynamics and complexity of the predominantly variable business environment. In doing so, they use a variety of progressive management support tools that evolve as a reflection of environmental variability and turbulence. One of the options offered for more effective management is knowledge management. This form of management is an effective and efficient acquisition, creation and sharing of knowledge in all their manifestations and forms within and around the enterprise. Knowledge management is based on the principles of a holistic, systematic approach to data management and processing for the purpose of sustainable business development. In order to fulfill this ambition, however, the decisive factor is, above all, the level of knowledge participation based on the creation of new values as well as wealth itself. The paper highlights the importance, mission and functionality of knowledge management in human resource management, with a great deal of knowledge, given the importance of corporate assets at the forefront, presents and evaluates the results of the knowledge management survey in the selected company in the Slovak Republic.
Marketing strategy applied in the environment of an international company
Authors: Vrtana David , Gogolova Martina
Published: January 2020

The escalating trend of globalization makes enterprises increasingly adapt to the international environment. This can be seen as very demanding and diverse. However, there are many multinational corporations currently being active worldwide. Multicultural differences, either the impacts of the economic, political or legal environment can significantly affect the business scope of enterprises in a global environment. For example, gaining and maintaining a competitive advantage worldwide can be an advantage of global action. The subject of the article is an analysis of a company BHP Biliton, which operations extend to twelve countries around the world spreading across all continents. The company also focuses on current global trends. The articles is focused mainly on the slowdown in economic development, where BHP Billiton has a corporate program in place. The company also tries to tackle the global climate change problems by cutting emissions. The subject of the analytical part of the article is to analyze the competitive position by means of the Porter model on the basis of available data about the BHP Billiton company. Furthermore, Ansoff’s matrix is elaborated in the analytical part, which identifies the specific strategy of targeting the company to products or markets. Based on the analyzed and compared data and outputs from BHP Billiton’s analysis, the article proposes a more effective way of using a marketing strategy and accepting global trends.
Globalization and localization: The formation of the technology innovative development
Authors: Gagulina Natalya , Zhulega Irina , Samoylov Alexandr
Published: January 2020

Future of the global economy depends more and more on possibilities and restrictions of innovative development. In the classical interpretation economic development is limited by non-renewable nature of a significant part of the natural resource potential and assimilation abilities of the environment. In opposition, it’s safe to say that the impact of innovative-technological factors, based on scientific, educational and information revolutions, powered by the synergic effect of the partnership of civilizations, is rising. The aggravation of this global contradiction forces countries, regions and enterprises around the world to look for additional ways to increase competitiveness and efficiency. One of the possible ways to solve this problem is the development of cluster policy – both on the part of the state and on the part of business, large multinational companies. The article analyzes the possibility of formation of technology of innovative development of the region through the competent implementation of cluster policy. The authors conducted a systematic analysis of the effects of clustering (localization), concentrated in the field of high-tech industries, identified problems of their development, including those in the context of globalization.
Innovative environment in the country and its importance in terms of business innovation as a precondition for the financial performance of company
Authors: Juris Roman , Cugova Aneta
Published: January 2020

In today′s world of significant progress and deepening globalization, both the private and the public sectors are forced to respond to the ever-changing competitive environment and incoming changes. It should therefore be in the interest of every government to prepare the country’s innovation environment at the highest possible level and thus prepare innovative inputs for the private sector. In fact, businesses are the driving force for innovation, as they can keep pace with competitors, both in domestic and foreign markets. Addressing the issue of innovative landscape in the country and its importance in terms of business innovation is and will continue to be crucial in the future as innovation is one of the major factors of sustainability and improving the performance of the state’s economy. The global economy is undergoing many changes with the increasing globalization bringing these changes. In a given situation of constant economic changes, it is inconceivable for the Slovak Republic to be successful without the substantial use of innovation. Today and with the greatest expectation in the future, modern economy will need to be based on a knowledge-based, open and innovative society. As such, the public sector should be able to prepare an appropriate innovation environment in the country and deliver innovative innovation inputs. Both the environment and inputs form the basis for the main focus of market economy innovation, represented by businesses. It is they who, through their internal processes, capture and generate ideas and transform them into innovative products or services.
Globalization and innovation applying smart solutions
Authors: Parobek Ján , Loučanová Erika , Olšiaková Miriam , Paluš Hubert , Dzian Michal , Dovčíková Anna
Published: January 2020

The global economic environment is closely connected with the continuous application of innovation reflecting global trends and market changes. Currently, substantial attention is focused on innovations presenting smart solutions. Their purpose rests in efficiency, economy, environmental friendliness, safety (including health). Moreover, they increase consumers´ comfort. The packaging and its functions represents one of possibilities having considerable potential for sustainable development. It is related to the need to ensure that consumers perceive packaging in the context of sustainable development. The paper deals with consumers’ attitudes to innovative (especially smart) packaging aspects. We focused on the attitude of consumers towards innovative packaging functions by using intelligent solutions and their overall perception of intelligent packaging with regard to their education and income in Slovakia. The survey results allow us identifying the main advantages of packaging functions for better understanding and consequently more effective communication in decision-making processes. The results point to the importance of packaging, especially in the protective, environmental, information and economic areas. The survey was applied as part of the global research and pointed out that consumers perceive this issue as unknown and new. This is the main reason why the results point to low consumer interest in smart packaging.
The role of electronic word-of-mouth in influencing consumer repurchase intention in social commerce
Authors: Lăzăroiu George , Popescu Gheorghe H. , Nica Elvira
Published: January 2020

This research investigates the way consumer repurchase intention in social commerce is shaped by electronic word-of-mouth at global scale. Building our argument by drawing on data collected from Deloitte, eMarketer, MarketingCharts, Marketing Insider Group, McKinsey, Mediakix, Nielsen, Smart Insights, and Statista, we performed analyses and made estimates regarding trusted information sources according to consumers, products/services that Internet users have personally recommended to others, channels through which Internet users would like to receive recommendations from others, leading social media marketing tactics among marketers/media agency professionals, sources that have influenced a recent purchase decision, what are retail digital buyers most concerned about when choosing a social e-commerce platform, important information in online reviews that influence purchase decisions according to Internet users, % of respondents who made a purchase influenced by electronic word-of-mouth channels, leading social media trends that will have the biggest effect on their advertising and marketing strategies, Internet users who agree that online reviews have an important influence on purchase decisions (by age), effective content formats for influencer marketing, and factors that influence whether a product is considered at each stage of the consumer decision journey. The data for this research were collected through an online survey questionnaire and were analyzed via structural equation modeling on a sample of 4,200 respondents.
Strategic Options for the Development of Ecotourism in the Danube Delta in the Context of Globalization
Authors: Dima Cristina , Burlacu Sorin , Buzoianu Ovidiu Andrei Cristian
Published: January 2020

In Romania, there are major deficiencies in the understanding and especially in the ecological application of tourism, the problem of its unconsciousness and the lack of awareness of the population on this coordinate, which is why people do not realize its intrinsic value for the economy at present, but especially for the future. Each of us should “taste” nature, because living directly in nature, even for a few days, helps to see life in more optimistic colors, breathe better, think more freely, smile more, more credence and courage every second. This article highlighted the importance of sustainable tourism and ecotourism in the Danube Delta, which is an impressive tourist destination, a true paradise for tourists wishing to discover wildlife, a real challenge for nature lovers and maritime beauty region tourism, but also a real scientific interest. The effects of the globalization process have been also noticed at tourism industry level, fact which had generated a series of changes both in production area and even more in the tourism services consume area. Emphasis will be placed on the interdependence links between the development of ecotourism and globalization in the world, which will also contribute to its socio-economic consequences. The strategic options will take into account the impact of the globalization process applied to the case study of the Danube Delta.
Globalisation and its impact on the creation of sustainable points of purchase
Authors: Kollarova Daniela
Published: January 2020

In the second half of the 1990s, important global traders began to come to the Slovak market, changing the functional layout of the towns and cities by building large-scale stores, bringing new formats and forms of selling to retails, as well as thoughtful external and internal shop designs. More than twenty years have passed since then, however, internationalmarketers continue to shape the Slovak retail market, this time through a sustainable architecture of shops and logistics centres, responsible product assortments, reduced food waste, separating and reducing paper or plastic packaging and batteries, changing the employees´ clothing for garments from organic cottons, and so on. They have namely realized that the environment is more affected than protected as a result of globalization, and it is therefore necessary to take measures to protect the natural world with regard to permanently sustainable principles. The object of our research is the shopping setting in retail stores of selected worldwide retail chains operating in Slovakia, i.e. all elements of the retail shop and its operation (its design, layout, goods presentation, staff and customers), in the context of sustainability. We are looking for answers to the questions of which selected global retail chain stores working in Slovakia and by implementing of which specific measures they build sustainable points of sale. In the process of elaborating the paper we used as sources of information relevant publications, proceedings of scholarly papers, as well as studies available at the Internet sites of specialized journals. At elaborating the sources, we applied standard scientific methods: researching, description, analysis, and deduction.
Socio-economic Consequences of Globalization in Agriculture in Relation to Social Responsibility
Authors: Polackova Hana
Published: January 2020

Agriculture has allowed for people to settle in one place and stop moving for food. It made possible to survive and later trade. Agriculture was the main driver of the economy since the creation of the first states to the 20th century. In today’s globalized world, we consider an economically successful country where the industry dominates. Industry, compared to agriculture, offers greater opportunities for growth in gross domestic product. In addition to economic cycles, economic activities closely related to agriculture are also affected by climate fluctuations, pests, diseases, inadequate crops and others. Despite the fact that agricultural output is essential for life, agriculture has been on the second track. The stability and sustainable development of a country depends on the influence of various economic, non-economic and political factors. However, the low elasticity of agricultural production supply, dependence on natural conditions and the limited durability of production results can make agriculture a weak link in planning the further development of the country’s economy. The paper deals with the need for a socially responsible approach to agriculture and the identification of factors that can affect the stability of the economy, the sustainability of economic growth as well as the health of the population and the environment. Information for the preparation of this paper was drawn from the data of the Statistical Office, expert studies and economic literature. At the end of the paper is outlined the possible use of agriculture as a major industry in the context of solving some social problems.
The Impact of globalization on the development of creative industries businesses
Authors: Sagatova Slavka
Published: January 2020

The creative industry represents the potential for economic growth worldwide. Even though there is no single definition of it, it can be generally said that these are the economic sectors in which the primary production factor are people, their individual creativity, ability, and talent. Creative industries can also be said to be created at the interface of innovation and culture, where they overlap. The article focuses on the analysis of the creative industries development in the Slovak Republic in the context of the development of creative industries in other European Union countries. Based on the gained knowledge, it points out the regional differences in the creative world of European countries. The article also tries to identify the link between globalization influences and the development of the creative industry, using the KOF index. This index represents a quantitative expression of the level of globalization in terms of its economic, political, and sociological development. This enables a comparison of the the selected indicator development of the creative industry with the development of globalization. The research methods used include time series analysis as well as correlation methods. The obtained results suggest that the creative industries is developing independently of globalization trends.
Sustainable development goals as a challenge for national and global development
Authors: Balcerowicz-Szkutnik Maria , Szkutnik Weronika , Szkutnik Włodzimierz
Published: January 2020

In the article, considerations are based on the implementation of two main goals of the sustainable development strategy. The differences observed in practice in the group of countries with low and medium-low incomes in closing the poverty gap measured by income and the number of people remaining in poverty over a relatively long period can be modeled by measuring the routine intensity of tasks in a given profession. This is indirectly related to an important classical factor in the measurement of knowledge capital and may be important in the study of the relationship between the convergence strength of the analyzed group of countries and the intensity of routine work, which are always negatively correlated with each other.
Ensuring the Economic Sustainability of the Railway National Company in a Globalizing World Economy
Authors: Kazanskaya Liliya , Drivolskaya Natalya
Published: January 2020

The railway industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan is currently an emerging market for transport services that integrates into the global economy, primarily in the Asian space. This is explained by the fact that the Republic of Uzbekistan occupies a strategic geographical position in Central Asia and is the center of the region’s geopolitical development, the main transit corridors connecting the North and South, East and West of the continent pass through the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan [1]. When organizing both freight and passenger rail traffic, the issues of ensuring their safety should be considered taking into account the parameters of economic sustainability, which is still not given due attention. Based on the analysis of the indicators and the assessment of traffic safety in JSC “Uzbekistan Temir Yollari”, the authors identified such planning steps as analyzing traffic safety indicators and identifying problems, analyzing the causes of the problems identified, forming the idea of a goal, checking the achievement of a goal, development of options for activities to achieve goals. For each stage, based on the methods of correlation, regression and factor analysis, algorithms for their implementation have been developed. A concept of measures has been developed with the aim of increasing the economic efficiency of traffic safety management depending on the method of control. The authors believe that the implementation of the proposed recommendations for decision-making on road safety is a comprehensive preventive measure to ensure a guaranteed level of economic security in the developing market of Uzbekistan.
Non-profit organizations in the conditions of Slovakia
Authors: Rebetak Filip , Bartosova Viera
Published: January 2020

Non-profit organisations play an important role in the life of a society by providing generally beneficial services. The purpose of these organizations is to provide services in domains where they are not provided by the government, nor by the market. Their goal is to make the society a better place for everyone. In other words, non-profit organizations play a relevant role in society by attempting to satisfy human needs in different way or as a complement to lucrative firms and governmental activity. A non-profit organization may be defined as an entity that is concerned with its activities about the realization of social value adding mission. Globalisation is also playing a part in the growing importance of non-profits around the world as the non-profit sector spreads to the less developed economies and also grows in the international dimension via international non-profits and non-profit alliances. This article aims to establish a basic overview of Slovak non-profit organisations after dealing with the theoretical background for non-profit organizations in general. It deals with the definitions for non-profit organisations in Slovakia, the possibilities of financing of non-profits in Slovakia and basic rules and conditions for the accounting of non-profit organisations based in the Slovak republic.
The readiness of Latvian micro and small enterprises (MSe) for globalization
Authors: Riekstina Iluta , Zvirgzdina Rosita , Linina Iveta
Published: January 2020

Based on the criteria set out in Annex 1 of the European Commission (EC) Regulation No.800 / 2008 and official data, about 99% would be in the category of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In Latvia, the breakdown of economically active SMEs by the Ministry of Economics is: micro enterprises 90%, small enterprises 9%, medium enterprises 1%. The European Commission believes that it is SMEs and entrepreneurship that are key to ensuring economic growth, innovation, job creation and social inclusion in the European Union. However, globalization is one of the ways micro and small businesses can go beyond national territories to expand their business to succeed. The aim of the study is to analyze the types of activity in which micro and small enterprises in Latvia operate for 5 years and to analyze the level of potential readiness of globalization. Quantitative research is based on official business data from several sources Enterprise Register, Ministry of Economics, Re-Identifier of the Register of Enterprises Ltd. “Lursoft”, Central Statistical Bureau. The study will review data on the last 5 years by analyzing data for 2013-2017. The following research methods have been used for the research: quantitative data research approach, analytical study comparing data for five years and graphical method visualization and analysis of visual information.
Analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of regional housing programs in the context of globalization
Authors: Novikova Galina Yurievna , Beliaev Mikhail Konstantinovich , Karpushova Svetlana Evgenievna
Published: January 2020

Global trends have a significant impact on the state housing policy of Russia, which is aimed at solving the housing problems of socially vulnerable groups of the population. Evaluation of the effectiveness of housing programs will determine the most complete and sustainable end result of their implementation. The aim of the article is to analyze the effectiveness of regional housing programs in the context of globalization. As part of this work, an assessment was made of the effectiveness of the implementation of housing programs in the Volgograd region. The application of the selected criteria was carried out on the basis of an analysis of the situation in the field of housing policy and the provision of housing for citizens of the Volgograd region. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the housing programs of the Volgograd region is carried out in order to achieve the optimal ratio of the costs associated with their implementation and the results achieved in the course of implementation. The specificity of of regional investment programs in the field of housing construction was determined, the emerging problems are revealed. Recommendations for improving the efficiency of the use of investment resources in the field of housing construction are given.
Low Schottky barrier contacts to 2H-MoS2 by Sn electrodes
Authors: Cao Zhonghan , Lin Fanrong , Gong Gu , Chen Hao , Martin Jens
Published: January 2020

The semiconductor MoS2 has attracted much attention owing to its sizable energy bandgap, significant spin–orbit coupling, and quantum effects such as the valley Hall effect and gate-induced superconductivity. However, in electronic devices, the energy bandgap usually gives rise to the formation of Schottky barriers at the interface to the contact metal, which may render devices intended for quantum transport inapplicable at low temperature. Therefore, the fabrication of Ohmic contacts operational at low temperature is crucial. Yet, it currently remains a substantial challenge to produce low resistive contacts with a simple process. We manifest that low temperature Ohmic contacts to mono- and few-layer MoS2 can be achieved with Tin (Sn) as the contact metal. Sn is directly evaporated onto MoS2, and hence, this establishes a much easier fabrication method than tunneling barriers, for example. We provide detailed device characterization, extract Schottky barrier heights, demonstrate multiterminal measurements, and propose a possible explanation: strain induced deformation of MoS2 imposed by Sn.
Effect of interface density, quality and period on the lattice thermal conductivity of nanocomposite materials
Authors: Thomas Iorwerth O. , Srivastava G. P.
Published: January 2020

We examine the effects of interface density, quality, and period size on the lattice thermal conductivity of nanocomposite materials within the framework of a recently developed extended modified effective medium approach. A density functional theory and Boltzmann equation based semi-ab initio approach is used to calculate the constituent thermal conductivities, and the effective thermal boundary conductance is computed by modeling interface roughness based on a realistic combination of acoustic mismatch and diffuse mismatch contributions, for systems with anisotropic (directionally dependent) and isotropic thermal conductivities. Results obtained for Si/Ge and MoS2/WS2 systems indicate that the effective cross-planar thermal conductivity of planar superlattice systems is closely related to the thermal boundary resistance of the system for small superlattice periods, whereas in nanodot superlattices, the effective thermal conductivity for small particles is primarily regulated through the effective scattering lengths used in the calculation of the insert and matrix conductivities.
Assessing the benefits of customizable ion-beam profiles for homogeneously coating or treating the surfaces of non-planar substrates
Authors: Becker Martin , Li Xingda , Henning Torsten , Klar Peter J.
Published: January 2020

Ion-beam techniques, i.e., ion-beam sputtering for material deposition or ion beam etching for a controlled modification of surfaces, are well established for planar thin-film processing. The primary beam of ions exiting a broadband source typically used exhibits a macroscopic spatial beam profile. In general, the beam profile is considered an undesirable but unavoidable feature of the ion source, as it may introduce inhomogeneities in the thickness of the deposited thin-film or the etched surface. Ways of circumventing these effects are sought, e.g., by using rotating substrates or large ion sources compared to the size of the substrate. Here, we demonstrate that an active control of the spatial beam profile may become advantageous when attempting to achieve homogeneous coatings on nonplanar substrates or to etch nonplanar macroscopic structures, e.g., when coating free-form optics.
Low charge state lithium beam production from chemical compounds with laser ion source
Authors: Ikeda Shunsuke , Whelan Tommy , Tamis Andrew , Chalfin Harry , Cannavò Antonino , Kanesue Takeshi , Okamura Masahiro , Takahashi Kazumasa
Published: January 2020

In recent years, the primary ion source for the Brookhaven National Laboratory has been the laser ion source, which provides many types of ions within a short switching time of several seconds. The task is difficult for other ion sources. In the previous work, we tested metallic lithium as a target material of the laser irradiation. Although an intense lithium beam was demonstrated, some operational difficulties were observed due to its reactiveness to oxygen. For accelerator applications, a more robust and reliable target material has been demanded. For this purpose, we tested lithium niobate, LiNbO3. Our study investigated the optimization of power density to produce low charge state lithium ions. We struck LiNbO3 with the laser and found lithium ion quantities for five different power densities. Based on the data obtained, we can conclude that the most efficient production of Li1+ occurs when the laser power density is 5 × 108 W/cm2.
Optical diagnostics of negative ion beam transport
Authors: Popov S. , Atlukhanov M. , Sanin A. , Abdrakhmanov S. , Belchenko Yu. , Ivanov A. , Gmyrya A.
Published: January 2020

A diagnostic complex for monitoring the position, propagation direction, and angular distribution dispersion of a particle beam planned for application in the Boron Neutron Capture Therapy facility is described in this paper. For the beam position and direction, the precision is, respectively, 0.1 mm and 1 mrad at 10 mA CW H- beam with energy of about 35 keV and a diameter of the order of 10 mm. The energy spread and angular divergence were measured within the accuracy of about 100 eV and 3 mrad, respectively. The acceptable precision of about 1 mm for the beam position is obtained at a relatively short exposure to 10 ms. To increase the radiation intensity of the beam, the addition of various gases was studied. The addition of gas decreases the beam width and increases the negative ions stripping.
Frequency estimation techniques in capacitance-to-frequency conversion measurement
Authors: Tyagi Tushar , Sumathi P.
Published: January 2020

The process of capacitance measurement consists of converting the capacitance under measurement into a secondary variable such as voltage, time-period, and frequency. This paper lays special focus on the capacitance-frequency measurement due to the offered advantages by this technique over the other methods. For this purpose, a review of the various frequency estimation techniques is presented while exploring the possibility of applying them for capacitance measurement. These techniques are mainly classified as phase-locked loop, frequency-locked loop (FLL), parameter estimation methods, and discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based FLL structures. Furthermore, the possibility of integrating computationally efficient DFT structures in frequency locked loops has been investigated. The performance comparison of these techniques proves that a more accurate measurement of capacitance could be achieved through them. The proposed methodology of capacitance measurement offers good accuracy, wider range, quick convergence, and system-on-chip implementation. Moreover, FLLs could be applied for the capacitance measurement when the input signal is nonsinusoidal.
On the periodic solutions of the relativistic driven harmonic oscillator
Authors: Llibre Jaume , Makhlouf Amar
Published: January 2020

Using the averaging theory, we prove the existence of periodic orbits with small velocities with respect to the speed of light in the forced harmonic oscillator with relativistic effects in dimension one.
Water diffusion in rough carbon nanotubes
Authors: Mendonça Bruno H. S. , Ternes Patricia , Salcedo Evy , de Oliveira Alan B. , Barbosa Marcia C.
Published: January 2020

We use molecular dynamics simulations to study the diffusion of water inside deformed carbon nanotubes with different degrees of deformation at 300 K. We found that the number of hydrogen bonds that water forms depends on nanotube topology, leading to enhancement or suppression of water diffusion. The simulation results reveal that more realistic nanotubes should be considered to understand the confined water diffusion behavior, at least for the narrowest nanotubes, when the interaction between water molecules and carbon atoms is relevant.
Techniques for high-performance construction of Fock matrices
Authors: Huang Hua , Sherrill C. David , Chow Edmond
Published: January 2020

This paper presents techniques for Fock matrix construction that are designed for high performance on shared and distributed memory parallel computers when using Gaussian basis sets. Four main techniques are considered. (1) To calculate electron repulsion integrals, we demonstrate batching together the calculation of multiple shell quartets of the same angular momentum class so that the calculation of large sets of primitive integrals can be efficiently vectorized. (2) For multithreaded summation of entries into the Fock matrix, we investigate using a combination of atomic operations and thread-local copies of the Fock matrix. (3) For distributed memory parallel computers, we present a globally accessible matrix class for accessing distributed Fock and density matrices. The new matrix class introduces a batched mode for remote memory access that can reduce the synchronization cost. (4) For density fitting, we exploit both symmetry (of the Coulomb and exchange matrices) and sparsity (of 3-index tensors) and give a performance comparison of density fitting and the conventional direct calculation approach. The techniques are implemented in an open-source software library called GTFock.