bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of di-substituted ureas that prevent growth of trypanosomes through inhibition of translation initiation
Authors: Machado Fabricio Castro , Franco Caio Haddad , dos Santos Neto Jose Vitorino , Dias-Teixeira Karina Luiza , Moraes Carolina Borsoi , Lopes Ulisses Gazos , Aktas Bertal Huseyin , Schenkman Sergio
Published: March 2018

Some 1,3-diarylureas and 1-((1,4-trans)−4-aryloxycyclohexyl)−3-arylureas (cHAUs) activate heme-regulated kinase causing protein synthesis inhibition via phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) in mammalian cancer cells. To evaluate if these agents have potential to inhibit trypanosome multiplication by also affecting the phosphorylation of eIF2 alpha subunit (eIF2α), we tested 25 analogs of 1,3-diarylureas and cHAUs against Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease. One of them (I-17) presented selectivity close to 10-fold against the insect replicative forms and also inhibited the multiplication of T. cruzi inside mammalian cells with an EC50 of 1–3 µM and a selectivity of 17-fold. I-17 also prevented replication of African trypanosomes (Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream and procyclic forms) at similar doses. It caused changes in the T. cruzi morphology, arrested parasite cell cycle in G1 phase, and promoted phosphorylation of eIF2α with a robust decrease in ribosome association with mRNA. The activity against T. brucei also implicates eIF2α phosphorylation, as replacement of WT-eIF2α with a non-phosphorylatable eIF2α, or knocking down eIF2 protein kinase-3 by RNAi increased resistance to I-17. Therefore, we demonstrate that eIF2α phosphorylation can be engaged to develop trypanosome-static agents in general, and particularly by interfering with activity of eIF2 kinases.
Comparison of Clinical Efficacy of Lateral and Lateral and Medial Double-plating Fixation of Distal Femoral Fractures
Authors: Bai Zhibiao , Gao Shichang , Hu Zhenming , Liang Anlin
Published: March 2018

The present study was performed to compare the clinical efficacy of lateral plate and lateral and medial double-plating fixation of distal femoral fractures and explore the indication of lateral and medial double-plating fixation of the distal femoral fractures. From March 2006 to April 2014, 48 and 12 cases of distal femoral fractures were treated with lateral plate (single plate) and lateral and medial plates (double plates), respectively. During the surgery, after setting the lateral plate for the distal femoral fractures, if the varus stress test of the knee was positive and the lateral collateral ligament rupture was excluded, lateral and medial double-plating fixation was used for the stability of the fragments. All the patients were followed up at an average period of 15.9 months. The average operation time, the intraoperative hemorrhage and the fracture union time of the two groups were compared. One year after operation, knee function was evaluated by the Kolmert’s standard. There was no significant difference in the average operation time, intraoperative hemorrhage, fracture healing time and excellent and good rates of postoperative knee function between two groups. Positive Varus stress test during operation can be an indication for lateral and medial double-plating fixation of distal femoral fractures.
Significant production of humic fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the continental shelf waters of the northwestern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Kim Jeonghyun , Cho Hyung-Mi , Kim Guebuem
Published: March 2018

Fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) is important for marine organisms and the global carbon cycle contributing to the optical properties of surface seawater and organic carbon budgets. Rivers are known to be the main source of FDOM in coastal oceans and marginal seas. In this study, however, we show that the contribution of FDOM produced from organic sediments of the northwestern Pacific continental shelf is similar to that from the Changjiang River. FDOM showed relatively higher concentrations at stations off the Changjiang River mouth and in the central Yellow Sea. Based on temperature-salinity diagrams, the major source of surface FDOM in summer surface waters was found to be from the Changjiang River while that observed in the winter water column was produced mainly in the continental shelf. A good correlation between 228Ra and the humic-like FDOM (FDOMH) during the winter suggests that the FDOMH is produced mainly from marine sediments and enriched in water over the water residence times. A simple mass balance calculation shows that the excess FDOMH fluxes produced from marine sediments account for 30–40% of the riverine source. This result suggests that the continental shelf is an important hidden source of FDOM in the upper ocean.
Executive control processes are associated with individual fitness outcomes following regular exercise training: blood lactate profile curves and neuroimaging findings
Authors: Pensel M. C. , Daamen M. , Scheef L. , Knigge H. U. , Rojas Vega S. , Martin J. A. , Schild H. H. , Strüder H. K. , Boecker H.
Published: March 2018

Cardiovascular training has been associated with neuroimaging correlates of executive control functions (ECF) in seniors and children/adolescents, while complementary studies in middle-aged populations are lacking. Ascribing a prominent role to cardiorespiratory fitness improvements, most studies concentrated on training-induced gains in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), although other fitness indices may provide complementary information. Here, we investigated the impact of long-term sub-maximal exercise training on interference control, considering individual training-induced shifts in blood lactate profile curves (BLC) and VO2max. Twenty-three middle-aged sedentary males (M = 49 years) underwent a six-month exercise program (intervention group, IG). Additionally, 14 individuals without exercise training were recruited (control group, CG, M = 52 years). Interference control was assessed before and after the intervention, using a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) flanker paradigm. Task performance and brain activations showed no significant group-by-time interactions. However, regression analyses in the IG revealed significant associations between individual fitness gains and brain activation changes in frontal regions, which were not evident for VO2max, but for BLC. In conclusion, training-induced plasticity of ECF-related brain activity can be observed in late middle adulthood, but depends on individual fitness gains. For moderate training intensities, BLC shifts may provide sensitive markers for training-induced adaptations linked to ECF-related brain function.
Mask Responses for Single-Pixel Terahertz Imaging
Authors: Augustin Sven , Frohmann Sven , Jung Peter , Hübers Heinz-Wilhelm
Published: March 2018

Terahertz (THz) radiation meaning electromagnetic radiation in the range from 0.1 (3) to 10 (30) has the unique advantage of easily penetrating many obstructions while being non-hazardous to organic tissue since it is non-ionizing. A shortcoming of this domain is the limited availability of high-sensitivity detector arrays respective THz cameras with >1k pixels. To overcome the imaging limitations of the THz domain, compressive imaging in combination with an optically controllable THz spatial light modulator is a promising approach especially when used in a single-pixel imaging modality. The imaging fidelity, performance and speed of this approach depend crucially on the imaging patterns also called masks and their properties used in the imaging process. Therefore, in this paper, it is investigated how the image quality after reconstruction is specifically influenced by the different mask types and their properties in a compressive imaging modality. The evaluation uses an liquid-crystal display based projector as spatial light modulator to derive specific guidelines for the use of binary and true greyscale masks in THz single-pixel imaging setups respective THz single-pixel cameras when used in far-field applications e.g. stand-off security imaging.
Inter-patient image registration algorithms to disentangle regional dose bioeffects
Authors: Monti Serena , Pacelli Roberto , Cella Laura , Palma Giuseppe
Published: March 2018

Radiation therapy (RT) technological advances call for a comprehensive reconsideration of the definition of dose features leading to radiation induced morbidity (RIM). In this context, the voxel-based approach (VBA) to dose distribution analysis in RT offers a radically new philosophy to evaluate local dose response patterns, as an alternative to dose-volume-histograms for identifying dose sensitive regions of normal tissue. The VBA relies on mapping patient dose distributions into a single reference case anatomy which serves as anchor for local dosimetric evaluations. The inter-patient elastic image registrations (EIRs) of the planning CTs provide the deformation fields necessary for the actual warp of dose distributions. In this study we assessed the impact of EIR on the VBA results in thoracic patients by identifying two state-of-the-art EIR algorithms (Demons and B-Spline). Our analysis demonstrated that both the EIR algorithms may be successfully used to highlight subregions with dose differences associated with RIM that substantially overlap. Furthermore, the inclusion for the first time of covariates within a dosimetric statistical model that faces the multiple comparison problem expands the potential of VBA, thus paving the way to a reliable voxel-based analysis of RIM in datasets with strong correlation of the outcome with non-dosimetric variables.
Simplifying research access to genomics and health data with Library Cards
Authors: Cabili Moran N. , Carey Knox , Dyke Stephanie O. M. , Brookes Anthony J. , Fiume Marc , Jeanson Francis , Kerry Giselle , Lash Alex , Sofia Heidi , Spalding Dylan , Tasse Anne-Marie , Varma Susheel , Pandya Ravi
Published: March 2018

The volume of genomics and health data is growing rapidly, driven by sequencing for both research and clinical use. However, under current practices, the data is fragmented into many distinct datasets, and researchers must go through a separate application process for each dataset. This is time-consuming both for the researchers and the data stewards, and it reduces the velocity of research and new discoveries that could improve human health. We propose to simplify this process, by introducing a standard Library Card that identifies and authenticates researchers across all participating datasets. Each researcher would only need to apply once to establish their bona fides as a qualified researcher, and could then use the Library Card to access a wide range of datasets that use a compatible data access policy and authentication protocol.
Nafion®-coated mesoporous Pd film toward remarkably enhanced detection of lactic acid
Authors: Baba Daisuke , Nugraha Asep Sugih , Iqbal Muhammad , Bo Jiang , Li Cuiling , Alshehri Abdulmohsen Ali , You Jungmok , Malgras Victor , Yamachi Yusuke , Asahi Toru
Published: March 2018

Mesoporous metal films can detect biomarkers with high sensitivity.
Thermal debinding mass transfer mechanism and dynamics of copper green parts fabricated by an innovative 3D printing method
Authors: Yan Xiaokang , Wang Chao , Xiong Wei , Hou Tongwei , Hao Liang , Tang Danna
Published: March 2018

Thermal debinding mass transfer mechanism and dynamics of copper green parts fabricated by an innovative 3D printing method are discussed.
Probing the swelling-dependent mechanical and transport properties of polyacrylamide hydrogels through AFM-based dynamic nanoindentation
Authors: Lai Yang , Hu Yuhang
Published: March 2018

The mechanical and transport properties of the polyacrylamide hydrogel are dependent on the swelling ratio.
Electrochemical and electrocatalytic reaction characteristics of boron-incorporated graphenevia a simple spin-on dopant process
Authors: Jang A-Rang , Lee Young-Woo , Lee Sang-Seok , Hong John , Beak Seong-Ho , Pak Sangyeon , Lee Juwon , Shin Hyeon Suk , Ahn Docheon , Hong Woong-Ki , Cha SeungNam , Sohn Jung Inn , Park Il-Kyu
Published: March 2018

Boron-doped graphene flakes prepared by a facile and relatively low-temperature spin-on dopant process exhibit superior pseudo-capacitive and oxygen reduction activity.
Ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowire-based layered catalytic paper for highly efficient continuous flow reactions
Authors: Xiong Zhi-Chao , Yang Zi-Yue , Zhu Ying-Jie , Chen Fei-Fei , Yang Ri-Long , Qin Dong-Dong
Published: March 2018

A new kind of hydroxyapatite nanowire layered catalytic paper with excellent stability, high catalytic efficiency and good recyclability is reported.
Process systems for the carbonate interchange reactions of DMC and alcohols: efficient synthesis of catechol carbonate
Authors: Tabanelli Tommaso , Cailotto Simone , Strachan Jyah , Masters Anthony F. , Maschmeyer Thomas , Perosa Alvise , Cavani Fabrizio
Published: March 2018

Reactive methanol removal either by adsorption or by azeotropic distillation promotes complete conversion of different alcohols to the corresponding carbonates.
Full-color capable light-emitting diodes based on solution-processed quantum dot layer stacking
Authors: Lee Ki-Heon , Han Chang-Yeol , Jang Eun-Pyo , Jo Jung-Ho , Hong Seungki , Hwang Jun Yeon , Choi Eunsoo , Hwang Jin-Ha , Yang Heesun
Published: March 2018

An all-solution-processed full-color-capable white quantum dot-light-emitting diode was demonstrated by devising a novel emitting layer design of ZnO nanoparticle buffer-mediated B/G/R quantum dot layer stacking.
Heterostructures of MXenes and N-doped graphene as highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhou Si , Yang Xiaowei , Pei Wei , Liu Nanshu , Zhao Jijun
Published: March 2018

A novel form of bifunctional catalysts based on graphene/MXene heterostructures for the oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction is investigated.
Au–Ag and Pt–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles@halloysite nanotubes: morphological modulation, improvement of thermal stability and catalytic performance
Authors: Li Siyu , Tang Feng , Wang Huixin , Feng Junran , Jin Zhaoxia
Published: March 2018

Bimetallic Au–Ag@HNT and Pt–Ag@HNT nanocages showed significantly improved efficiency in the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine as peroxidase-like catalyst compared with corresponding monometallic nanoparticles.
Preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies of novel F-18 labeled tumor imaging agents targeting focal adhesion kinase (FAK)
Authors: Fang Yu , Wang Dawei , Xu Xingyu , Dava Gila , Liu Jianping , Li Xiang , Xue Qianqian , Wang Huan , Zhang Jiangshan , Zhang Huabei
Published: March 2018

Coronal micro-PET images of mice bearing S180 tumor at 30 min post-injection of [18F]2.
Cipadessains A–K, eleven limonoids from the fruits ofCipadessa cinerascens
Authors: Sun Dong-Mei , An Fa-Liang , Wei Shan-Shan , Zhang Yan-Qiu , Wang Xiao-Bing , Luo Jun , Kong Ling-Yi
Published: March 2018

Eleven new mexicanolide-type limonoids, cipadessains A–K (1–11), were isolated from the fruits ofCipadessa cinerascens(Pellegr) Hand.-Mazz.
Enantiopure distorted ribbon-shaped nanographene combining two-photon absorption-based upconversion and circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Cruz Carlos M. , Márquez Irene R. , Mariz Inês F. A. , Blanco Victor , Sánchez-Sánchez Carlos , Sobrado Jesús M. , Martín-Gago José A. , Cuerva Juan M. , Maçôas Ermelinda , Campaña Araceli G.
Published: March 2018

Including defects in a ribbon-shaped nanographene leads to a new combination of optical properties: TPA-based upconversion and CPL.
Using stereoretention for the synthesis of E-macrocycles with ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts
Authors: Ahmed Tonia S. , Montgomery T. Patrick , Grubbs Robert H.
Published: March 2018

The synthesis of E-macrocycles is achieved using stereoretentive, Ru-based olefin metathesis catalysts supported by dithiolate ligands.
Nonlinear chiral rheology of phospholipid monolayers
Authors: Kim KyuHan , Choi Siyoung Q. , Zasadzinski Joseph A. , Squires Todd M.
Published: March 2018

The macroscopic, mechanical response property of a monomolecular film of the phospholipid DPPC is chiral: values of nonlinear elastic moduli and yield stresses are quite different, depending on the direction of the applied torque; even healing processes after removing a large torque also exhibit completely different behaviors.
Lamellar–cubic transition of a dihydrazide derivative and its effect on the gel stability
Authors: Che Xiangyang , Zhang Chunling , Bai Binglian , Zhang Tianren , Zhang Chunxue , Wang Haitao , Li Min
Published: March 2018

Transition of a lamellar structure to a cubic phase and its effect on the thermodynamic properties of 4D16 organogels.
Synergistic effect of an atomically dual-metal doped catalyst for highly efficient oxygen evolution
Authors: Liu Daobin , Ding Shiqing , Wu Chuanqiang , Gan Wei , Wang Changda , Cao Dengfeng , Rehman Zia ur , Sang Yuan , Chen Shuangming , Zheng Xusheng , Wang Yu , Ge Binghui , Song Li
Published: March 2018

Isolated dual transition metal atoms (Ni and Fe) were uniformly embedded into graphitic carbon nitrideviaa metal–Nxbond, resulting in highly efficient catalytic activity due to the electronic structure reconfiguration.
Near infrared light triggered reactive oxygen species responsive nanoparticles for chemo-photodynamic combined therapy
Authors: Zhang Xuefei , Huang Binyao , Shen Yifeng , Yang Chanzhen , Huang Zeqian , Huang Yanjuan , Xu Xiaoyu , Jiang Yali , Sun Xiaoqi , Li Xining , Yan Mina , Zhao Chunshun
Published: March 2018

Nanoparticles with ROS-responsive properties could realize spatial and temporal drug release under NIR irradiation and the excess ROS could be used for PDT.
Direct white-light emitting room-temperature-phosphorescence thin films with tunable two-color polarized emission through orientational hydrogen-bonding layer-by-layer assembly
Authors: Gao Rui , Fang Xiaoyu , Yan Dongpeng
Published: March 2018

Molecule-based room-temperature-phosphorescence (RTP) materials have received much attention recently.
The photochromism, light harvesting and self-assembly activity of a multi-function Schiff-base compound based on the AIE effect
Authors: Chai Jie , Wu Yanbo , Yang Binsheng , Liu Bin
Published: March 2018

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogens with photochromic properties show strong potential in molecular switches, photo-controllable materials, photo-patterning, etc.
The application of a high boiling point dissolution solvent on a poly(N-vinylcarbazole) host toward improving the performance of blue electrophosphorescent devices via a solution process
Authors: Yao Bing , Liu Lihui , Wang Hailong , Zhang Baohua , Yang Qingqing , Liu Xuejing , Xie Zhiyuan
Published: March 2018

ODCB triggers the formation of a p-PVK conformation, a low content PVK electromer, enhancing the performance of blue phosphorescent s-PhOLEDs.
Cell–cell interactions between monocytes/macrophages and synoviocyte-like cells promote inflammatory cell infiltration mediated by augmentation of MCP-1 production in temporomandibular joint
Authors: Ibi Miho , Horie Sawa , Kyakumoto Seiko , Chosa Naoyuki , Yoshida Mariko , Kamo Masaharu , Ohtsuka Masato , Ishisaki Akira
Published: March 2018

Many inflammatory cells are known to be home to inflamed temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tissues by stimulation with cytokines and chemokines produced by inflammatory lesions in the TMJ. However, how the inflammatory cells affect the progression of inflammation in TMJ synovial tissues after their homing to inflamed TMJ site is still uncertain. Here, we isolated and cultured TMJ synoviocyte-like cells (TMJSCs) from murine TMJ tissues. We demonstrated that interleukin 1β (IL-1β) up-regulated expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in TMJSCs. In addition, we found that IL-1β-treated TMJSCs strongly promoted migratory activity of mouse monocyte/macrophage RAW264.7 cells through secretion of MCP-1. On the other hand, IL-1β up-regulated expression levels of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), a leukocyte adhesion ligand in TMJSCs. In addition, IL-1β promoted cell–cell adhesion between TMJSCs and RAW264.7 cells. Intriguingly, we also found that cell–cell interactions mediated through soluble factors other than IL-1β and cell–cell adhesion molecules between IL-1β-stimulated TMJSCs and RAW264.7 cells synergistically augmented secretion of MCP-1 from these cells. Therefore, these results suggested that the IL-1β-induced recruitment of monocyte/macrophage lineage cells to inflamed synovial membranes in TMJ was further augmented by the cell–cell interaction-induced secretion of MCP-1 from the inflammation site, possibly resulting in prolonged inflammatory responses in TMJ synovial tissue.
Serum, liver and bile sitosterol and sitostanol in obese patients with and without NAFLD
Authors: Tauriainen Milla-Maria , Männistö Ville , Kaminska Dorota , Vaittinen Maija , Kärjä Vesa , Käkelä Pirjo , Venesmaa Sari , Gylling Helena , Pihlajamäki Jussi
Published: March 2018

Background and aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associates with low levels of serum plant sterols in cross-sectional studies. In addition, it has been suggested that the hepatic sterol transport mechanisms are altered in NAFLD. Therefore, we investigated the association between serum, liver and bile plant sterols and sitostanol with NAFLD.:

MethodsOut of the 138 individuals (age: 46.3 ± 8.9, body mass index: 43.3 ± 6.9 kg/m², 28% men and 72% women), 44 could be histologically categorized to have normal liver, and 94 to have NAFLD. Within the NAFLD group, 28 had simple steatosis and 27 had non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Plant sterols and sitostanol were measured from serum (n=138), liver (n=38), and bile (n=41). The mRNA expression of genes regulating liver sterol metabolism and inflammation was measured (n=102).:

ResultsLiver and bile sitostanol ratios to cholesterol were higher in those with NAFLD compared to those with histologically normal liver (all P<0.022). Furthermore, liver sitostanol to cholesterol ratio correlated positively with histological steatosis and lobular inflammation (rs > 0.407, P<0.01 for both). In contrast, liver sitosterol to cholesterol ratio correlated negatively with steatosis (rs = −0.392, P=0.015) and lobular inflammation (rs = −0.395, P=0.014). Transcriptomics analysis revealed suggestive correlations between serum plant sterol levels and mRNA expression.:

ConclusionOur study showed that liver and bile sitostanol ratios to cholesterol associated positively and liver sitosterol ratio to cholesterol associated negatively with liver steatosis and inflammation in obese individuals with NAFLD..
Capacitor‐reused CMOS temperature sensor with duty‐cycle‐modulated output and 0.38°C () inaccuracy
Authors: Tang Zhong , Fang Yun , Yu Xiaopeng , Shi Zheng , Tan Nianxiong
Published: March 2018

A new bipolar junction transistor‐based temperature sensor with duty‐cycle‐modulated output is presented. By employing a capacitor‐reused voltage to the duty‐cycle converter, the proposed design achieves both area and energy efficiencies simultaneously. The self‐controlled chopping, dynamic element matching and digital‐assisted calibration techniques are applied as well to further improve the accuracy. Fabricated in a standard 0.13 μm CMOS process, the proposed sensor achieves the measured 3 inaccuracy of from to after one‐point calibration while occupying a silicon area of 0.073 mm2.
Constrained null controllability for distributed systems and applications to hyperbolic-like equations
Authors: Berrahmoune Larbi
Published: March 2018

We consider linear control systems of the form y′(t) = Ay(t) + Bu(t) on a Hilbert space Y . We suppose that the control operator B is bounded from the control space U to a larger extrapolation space containing Y . The aim is to study the null controllability in the case where the control u is constrained to lie in a bounded subset Γ ⊂ U. We obtain local constrained controllability properties. When (etA)t∈ℝ is a group of isometries, we establish necessary conditions and sufficient ones for global constrained controllability. Moreover, when the constraint set Γ contains the origin in its interior, the local constrained property turns out to be equivalent to a dual observability inequality of L1 type with respect to the time variable. In this setting, the study is focused on hyperbolic-like systems which can be reduced to a second order evolution equation. Furthermore, we treat the problem of determining a steering control for general constraint set Γ in nonsmooth convex analysis context. In the case where Γ contains the origin in its interior, a steering control can be obtained by minimizing a convenient smooth convex functional. Applications to the wave equation and Euler-Bernoulli beams are presented.
Preparation of Simvastatin Hydrogel through Arginine Addition for Drug Delivery System
Authors: Rosyida Niswati Fathmah , Ariyanto Teguh , Pudyani Pinandi Sri , Ana Ika Dewi
Published: March 2018

Simvastatin is a lipid lowering agent which has been used recently as drug delivery system for stimulating bone regeneration. Because of low therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability, it is necessary to deliver simvastatin by local administration e.g. by hydrogel system. However, simvastatin has very poor solubility which restricts to prepare hydrogel formulation. The aim of this study is to improve solubility of simvastatin with arginine as co-solvent for developing a controlled released drug delivery system by loading simvastatin into gelatin hydrogel. The solubility study was performed by addition of an excess mass of simvastatin into the specified molar solutions of the arginine. All conical flasks were placed in a mechanical water bath shaker at the temperature of 25, 40, and 50 °C and shaken for a maximum period of 72 hours. The drug concentration was analyzed by UV/Visible spectroscopy at 238 nm. The hydrogel was prepared by a dehydrothermal method. The results showed that simvastatin solubility increases with increasing arginine concentrations and temperature. Characterizations showed a successful preparation of simvastatin-loaded gelatin hydrogel. The arginine simvastatin hydrogel and the gelatin hydrogel (as a blank) exhibited a comparable swelling index (ca. 6.5). Furthermore, microparticles of the material show a narrow particle size distribution in the range between 150-250 μm.
Effect of Biodiesel Concentration on Corrosion of Carbon Steel by Serratia marcescens
Authors: Pusparizkita Yustina M , Setiadi Tjandra , Harimawan Ardiyan
Published: March 2018

Biodiesel come into being used as an alternative source of energy as the diminishing of petroleum reserves. This fuel is typically stored in tanks that are commonly made from carbon steel, which is easily corroded by microorganisms. Recent studies have shown that bacteria aside from SRB may also be involved in corrosion. Therefore, this research was aimed to evaluate the effect of biodiesel concentration (15%, 20% and 30% v/v) mixed in diesel oil on the corrosion of carbon steel by S. marcescens that dominate biocorrosion on hydrocarbon products. In this study, the corrosion process was investigated by evaluation of biofilm morphology and composition, the rate of corrosion and the corrosion product of carbon steel which was exposed in the mixture of hydrocarbons and the presence of S. marcescens. It can be concluded that higher concentration of biodiesel in diesel oil leads to higher growth of bacteria in the biofilm and higher corrosion rate.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Liquid Hot Water Pre-treated Macro-alga (Ulva lactuca) for Fermentable Sugar Production
Authors: Poespowati Tri , Riyanto Ardy , Hazlan  , Mahmudi Ali , Kartika-Dewi Rini
Published: March 2018

Ulva lactucais one of green macro-algae that has a significant cellulose content. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in substrate-enzyme ratio and hydrolysis time on the enzymatic hydrolysis process of cellulose extracted fromUlva lactucato produce fermentable sugar or reducing sugar as a raw material for making bioethanol. Firstly, Liquid Hot Water (LHW) pre-treatment process was performed at the temperature of 135°C for 20 minutes; the purpose of this pre-treatment was to reduce the content of hemicellulose and to increase the cellulose content. Secondly, enzymatic hydrolysis process using cellulase enzyme was carried out, in this process citrate buffer was needed in order to stabilize the pH level during hydrolysis process. The process variables were ratio of substrate-enzyme (1:0.05; 1:0.1; 1:1.5; 1:2 and 1:2.5 w/w) and hydrolysis time (24, 48 and 72 hours) under temperature of 45°C and pH level of 5.5. The results shows that the highest reducing sugar yield is 79.7% obtained at a ratio of substrate-enzyme of 1:2.5 (w/w) for 48 hours of hydrolysis time, with the result of reducing sugar concentration is 16.2043 mg/mL.
Optimization of Glucose Production of Cocopeat Using Whole Cell Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Zaki Muhammad , Suhendrayatna  , Hadi Misbul , Adha Syukri
Published: March 2018

The high content of cellulose in cocopeat makes this material convertible into glucose. The converting process of cellulose into glucose can be done by hydrolysis. In this research, the coocopeat hydrolyzed enzymatically using cellulose ezyme from Trichoderma reesei. The purpose of this study was to obtain optimum conditions of glucose yield and to know the effect of concentration of NaOH, molasses mass, and the effect of hydrolisis time on glucose yield produced. The variabel used was hydrolisis time (0; 124; and 240 hour), NaOH concenteration (1%; 2%; and 3%), and molasses mass (40; 50; and 60 gr/l). The result showed the higest glucose level obtained at 2% NaOH concenteration, molasses mass 60 gram, and hydrolysis time 240 hours, while the predicted resulted of the optimum conditions of glucose level produced using the software Design Expert 6.08 is 776.771 mg/l at NaOH concenteration 1,35%, molasses mass 59.96 mg/l and hydrolisis time 215.62 hours.
Performance of Deacetyled Glucomannan as Iron Encapsulation Excipient
Authors: Wardhani Dyah H. , Cahyono Heri , Dwinanda M. Farkhan H. , Nabila Putri R. , Aryanti Nita , Pangestuti Dina R.
Published: March 2018

Encapsulation protects iron from degradation or oxidation possibilities due to its encapsulation material. Glucomannan (GM) is a neutral polysaccharide consist of D-mannose and D-glucose connected with β-1,4 linkage. Deactylation transforms solubility of glucomannan as well as its gel structure. These properties support for excipient application. The aim of this work was to determine performance of deacetylated glucomannan as iron matrix. Deacetylation was conducted heterogeneously. Deacetylation did not change the backbone of GM. Higher alkali concentration has better ability to encapsulate iron. Extended deacetylation time and alkali concentration affect insignificantly on the performance of encapsulation to protect iron from oxidation. The release of iron from the matrix influences by deacetylation degree.
Process Design of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Production Using Low-Pressure Oil Extraction
Authors: Ferrer Patricia Janelle , Quilinguen Vanessa Ferl , Rosario Jeremiah , Pestaño Lola Domnina
Published: March 2018

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has become one of the most prominent high-value coconut product in coconut producing countries because of its versatility. This research attempts to design a fresh-dry process based on the Low-Pressure Oil Extraction Method for the production of VCO to reduce the settling time of the oil after extraction, that usually takes 1-2 weeks. Different parameters, such as drying temperature, centrifuge speed, and centrifugation time were varied and analysed. Three mathematical models were examined to describe the drying behaviour of the grated coconut meat at 65, 70, and 75°C using a tray dryer. A VCO production fresh-dry process based on the Low-Pressure Oil Extraction Method was developed through the employment of a centrifuge. The modified method lessens the settling time while still producing standard quality VCO. As predicted by the Laplace Transform Model, the shortest time for the comminuted coconut meat to reach a moisture content of 11% at which oil from nuts can be extracted using low pressure is at 29.07 minutes using a tray dryer. The best setting of VCO production using the modified method is at a drying temperature of 70°C and at 2700 RPM and 60 minutes of centrifugation as it produced the clearest oil with a yield of 92.84 % v/v and a recovery of 18.43%. The produced VCO was tested for free fatty acid (FFA), moisture and volatile matter, colour, peroxide value, and iodine value, and the results are 0.03%, 0.11%, 0R/0.3Y, 0, and 5.77, respectively, which all passed the Philippine National Standards for VCO.
Experimental Study on Pressure Drop and Flow Dispersion in Packed Bed of Natural Zeolite
Authors: Ruya Petric Marc , Susanto Herri , Purwasasmita Mubiar
Published: March 2018

The use of conventional correlation for pressure drop and dispersion coefficient calculation may result in inaccurate values for zeolite packed bed as the correlations are generally developed for regularly shaped and uniformly sized particles. To support the research on the application of modified natural zeolite as tar cracking catalyst, the research on the hydrodynamic behaviour of zeolite packed bed has been conducted. Experiments were carried out using a glass column with diameter of 37.8 mm. Natural zeolite with particle size of about 2.91 to 6.4 mm was applied as packing material in the column, and the bed height was varied at 9, 19 and 29 cm. Air was used as the fluid that flows through the bed and nitrogen was used as a tracer for residence time distribution determination. Air flow rates were in the range of 20 to 100 mL/s which correspond to the laminar-transitional flow regime. The pressure drops through the bed were in the range of 1.7 to 95.6 Pa, depending on the air flow rate and bed height. From these values, the parameters in the Ergun equation were estimated, taking into account the contribution by wall effect when the ratio of column to particle diameter is low. The viscous and inertial term constants in the Ergun equation calculated ranges from 179 to 199 and 1.41 to 1.47 respectively while the particle sphericity ranges from 0.56 to 0.59. The reactor Peclet number were determined to range from 5.2 to 5.5, which indicated significant deviation from a plug flow condition.
Fixed Bed Adsorption of Natural Organic Matter Using Ozonated Carbon Active
Authors: Kurniawan Adi , Listiyani Dian , Suhartono Jono , Juhanda Suparman
Published: March 2018

Nowadays water, one the most important substance in human life, are being much polluted by not only industrial activities but also caused by human activities and natural polluted material. One of the natural impurities that commonly occur in water is Natural Organic Matter (NOM). NOM are extracted organic compounds from soils, plants, or decomposed animals that infiltrate into the water body when the water contacts with those materials. Thus, the presence of NOM in water body is inevitable. Many techniques have been applied to remove this impurity such as coagulation, flocculation, and filtration. In this research, NOM were controlled using ozonated activated carbon in a fixed bed adsorption system. There were two parameters studied that are activated carbon ozonation time that ranging from 5 - 25 minutes and the fixed bed height of 1 - 7.5 cm. Interestingly, the investigation showed that the optimum condition for the bed height was obtained at 6 cm whilst the optimum carbon active ozonation time was at 5 minute. The experiment was concordant with the conducted BET analysis that showed the highest activated carbon surface area at 5 minute compared to other ozonation time. The ozonated activated carbon was also found to be have slightly better adsorption performance compared to unozonated activated carbon bought from the market with capacity of ozonated activated carbon adsorption was found to be 6.12 ϰ 10-3 mg/g.
Process Stability Identification Through Dynamic Study of Single-bed Ammonia Reactor with Feed-Effluent Heat Exchanger (FEHE)
Authors: Adhi Tri Partono , Prasetyo Muhammad Iqbal
Published: March 2018

In ammonia reactor system, a feed-effluent heat exchanger (FEHE) is typically installed to utilize reaction-generated heat to heat the reactor’s feed. Utilizing energy from exothermic reaction to the incoming feed stream is often called “autothermic operation”. Despite the advantage of FEHE, there is a risk of utilizing FEHE in a reactor system such as instability of process temperature or known as hysteresis. Hysteresis phenomena in chemical process could cause operational problems, for example it could damage the integrity of the equipment’s material. This paper aims to evaluate the dynamic behavior of a single-bed ammonia reactor with FEHE, particularly to propose a way to prevent instability within the system. The dynamic simulation of the single-bed ammonia reactor with FEHE was performed with Aspen HYSYS v8.8. The result of the simulation result shows that hysteresis phenomenon in the ammonia reactor system occurs when the feed’s temperature is below a certain value. If the feed temperature reaches that value, the temperature of the reactor’s outlet oscillates. One of the solution to keep the feed temperature above that critical value is by installing a trim heater within the system. Based on the simulation, trim heater installation within the system is able to prevent hysteresis in the system evaluated.
The effects of microorganism on coffee pulp pretreatment as a source of biogas production
Authors: Juliastuti Sri Rachmania , Widjaja Tri , Altway Ali , Sari Vivi Alvionita , Arista Dessy , Iswanto Toto
Published: March 2018

Coffee pulp waste composition consist of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin and caffeine, tannin, and polyphenol as inhibitor substance. The high cellulose compound in coffee pulp can be used for alternative raw materials in the manufacture of biogas. This study aims to define the composition of the mixture of microorganisms of Pseudomonas putida, Trichoderma harzianum, and Aspergillus niger that are best to use in coffee pulp pretreatment to degrade inhibitor substance. The best result of pretreatment will be applied to biogas production. The first step is to do a pretreatment of the coffee pulp with variable Pseudomonas putida : Trichoderma harzianum : Aspergillus niger with a ratio of 1:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:1:2, 1:2:2, 2:1:1, 2:1:2, 2:1:1 (v:v:v), then variables that are most excellent in degrading inhibitor substance are selected. The second step, is doing anaerobic fermentation for 20 days at mesophilic temperature (30-40°C) on a reactor working volume of 4.5 L. In the making of biogas, a varied starter as much as 10% of the total are put into the reactor in the form of a mixture of cow dung : rumen fluid with a ratio of 1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 1:2, 2:1 (w/v). The parameters measured include the decreasing of the inhibitor substance, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), biogas (CH4 and CO2) and calorific value of combustion (Heating value). This study results a composition of ingredients within the pretreatment process which includes a mixture of microorganisms with a ratio of Pseudomonas putida : Trichoderma harzianum : Aspergillus niger is 1:2:1 (v:v:v). For biogas, a mixture of cow dung and rumen fluid can produce higher methane gas is the ratio of cow dung : rumen fluid is 1:2 (w/v) with the concentration of methane (CH4) formed at 1.825%. At the concentration of methane is 1.825%, the heating value obtained is 76.032 kcal/kg with volume biogas 0.0032 m3/ kg converted of COD.
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for Refinery Wastewater Treatment Contains High Phenol Concentration
Authors: Azizah Alif Nurul , Widiasa I Nyoman
Published: March 2018

Petroleum Refinery wastewater is characterized by a high phenol content. Phenol is toxic and resistant to biological processes for treatment of the petroleum refinery wastewater. The combination of an AOP and a biological process can be used for treatment of the refinery wastewater. It is necessary to conduct a study to determine the appropriate condition of AOP to meet the phenol removal level. Two AOP configurations were investigated: H2O2 / UV and H2O2 / UV / O3. From each process samples, COD, phenol and pH were measured. The oxidation was carried out until the targeted phenol concentration of treated effluent were obtained. The better result obtained by using process H2O2 / UV / O3 with the H2O2 concentration 1000 ppm. After 120 minutes, the final target has been achieved in which phenol concentration of 37.5 mg/L or phenol degradation of 93.75%.
Effect of Light Intensity, CO2 Gas Concentration, Culturing Period and Walne Nutrient Concentrations on Biomass and Lipid Productivity of Chlorella vulgaris in Sea Water Media
Authors: Candra Kusuma Timotius , Rindang Pratiwi Anggun , Septiandre  , Zulaikah Siti
Published: March 2018

The biomass and lipid productivity of Chlorella vulgaris cultured in sea water media were conducted in this study. The effect of light intensity (5000 and 10000 lux), CO2 gas concentration (0.03%, 1% and 2%), culturing period (7 and 17 days) and walne nutrient concentrations (0%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.3%) on biomass and lipid productivity of C. vulgaris cultured in photobioreactor were studied systematically. The biomass and lipid productivity were increased with increasing light intensity and CO2 gas concentration. Longer culturing period, C. vulgaris produced more biomass and lipid content. However, biomass and lipid productivity at shorter cultured period were higher than longer cultured period. The highest biomass productivity of 139 mg/L/d was obtained under the following condition: light intensity = 10000 lux, CO2 gas concentration = 2%, culturing period = 7 days, and walne nutrient concentration = 0.3%. The highest lipid productivity of 40.68 mg/L/d was obtained under the following condition: light intensity = 10000 lux, CO2 gas concentration = 2%, culturing period = 7 days, and walne nutrient concentration = 0.005%. This study shows that a microalga C. vulgaris was a potential candidate as a source of biodiesel production.
Bioethanol Production via Syngas Fermentation
Authors: Anggraini Irika , Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati Made , Purwadi Ronny , Setiadi Tjandra
Published: March 2018

Bioconversion of C-1 carbon in syngas through microbial fermentation presents a huge potential to be further explored for ethanol production. Syngas can be obtained from the gasification of lignocellulosic biomass, by which most of carbon content of the biomass was converted into CO and CO2. These gases could be further utilized by carbon-fixing microorganism such as Clostridium sp. to produce ethanol as the end product. In order to obtain an optimum process, a robust and high performance strain is required and thus high ethanol yield as the main product can be expected. In this study, series of batch fermentation was carried out to select high performance strains for ethanol production. Bottle serum fermentations were performed using CO-gas as the sole carbon source to evaluate the potential of some Clostridia species such as Clostridium ljungdahlii, C. ragsdalei, and C. carboxidovorans in producing ethanol at various concentration of yeast extract as the organic nitrogen source, salt concentration, and buffer composition. Strain with the highest ethanol production in the optimum media will be further utilized in the upscale fermentation.
Making Organic Fertilizer Resistant to Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease for Grain Crops
Authors: Rifki Mohammad , Hanifianto Luqman , Rachmania Juliastuti Sri , Darmawan Raden , Hendrianie Nuniek
Published: March 2018

Farmers too often use chemical fertilizers to help rice production, but in the long run fertilizer detrimental to land. Xanthomonas Oryzae Pv Oryzae (Xoo) is a microorganism that causes the disease of Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB) in rice that harms farmers. Pseudomonas flourescens (Pf) is potentially the controller of Xoo and Azotobacter chrococcum (Az) causing rice to be more resistant to disease so as to help reduce the impact of BLB on rice plants in the form of organic fertilizers. The purpose of this research is to utilize corn farm waste into organic fertilizer that is resistant to BLB plant disease (bacterial leaf blight) caused by Xanthomonas Oryzae microorganism. In this research will be made of organic fertilizer from corn farm waste using rotary drum composting method with the help of Bioactivator EM4, Pf and Az bacteria. The results of this study found that the best plant growth in the variable comparison of microorganisms Pseudomonas fluorecense: Azotobacter chroococum 1: 2 and urea. Plant growth on day 25 is higher (32.8cm) than other variables and the number of grains is 80.
Organic Fertilizer Potential Using Aspergillus niger, Pseudomonas putida and Effective Microorganisms from Coconut Water Waste in Ponorogo, East Java - Indonesia
Authors: Darmawan Raden , Rachmania Juliastuti Sri , Hendrianie Nuniek , Gunawan Setiyo , Wirawasista Aparamarta Hakun , Gultom Reynad D.P. , Kharisma Prabatiwi Rillya
Published: March 2018

The abundance of coconut water as a waste of household industry activities in Ponorogo can be obtained. There is still organic matter considered to become a liquid fertilizer where it can be expected to substitute for the use of inorganic fertilizers. The research aims to determine the potential of coconut water as a liquid organic fertilizer involving three types of microorganisms, such as Aspergillus niger, Pseudomonas putida and Effective Microorganisms (EM4). The experiment was conducted using a mixed bacth reactor with 4 L/ minute of aeration rate and initial microorganism`s number of approximately 107 cells/ mL for 10 days. The results suggest that the highest reduction of C-organic and the biggest enhancement of N, P, K can be achieved by a combination of A. niger and P. putida with 29 %; 100 %, 110 %, 552%, respectively.
The Digester Modification for Biogas Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Batch System
Authors: Aznury Martha , Amin Jaksen M. , Hasan Abu , Utomo Triadi
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this research is to determine the optimum production of biogas produced from the tuncated pyramid-shaped modification digester equipment on sedimentation tank and shaped beams on the tank fermentation batch. Pyramid-shaped sedimentation tank aiming for optimal deposition process, While the fermentation tank with beam-shaped used to produce biogas that is optimal. The raw material used is Palm Oil Mill Effluent. In the early stages of process is carried out the sedimentation in the first digester tank at a flow rate of 6 liters/minute and then observing the time stayed for 24 hours. POME flowed into the second digester tank to run into fermentation process by adding active microbial seed to produce biogas. After fermentation is complete, streamed to third digester tank to experience water treatment stage before being released into the environment. COD content test value obtained after the processing of 100 mg/l, while the BOD value is 30.9 mg/l. The percentage of methane gas obtained from starter concentration of 30%, ie 9.82% mol for fermentation time of 10 days, while the fermentation period of 20 days is 15.8 mol%. The production of methane gas obtained for the optimum fermentation period of 30 days ie 33.19% mol. For days 31 through 40, the production of biogas run into highs and caused due to the substrate in the digester began to run out and most of the substrate has not been fermented.