bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kepemerintahan Bencana (Disaster Governance) Asia Tenggara
Authors: Syaban Mohammad
Published: April 2018

This research describes the model of disaster governance in Southeast Asia through the Association of South East Asia Nations (ASEAN) framework as the regional organization. Through ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER) and supported by ASEAN Social Culture and Political Security Community approaches AADMER involves inter-sectors actors (ASEAN, Dialogue Partner Countries and Civil Society Organizations) as the specific effort in order to support regional disaster management cooperation. South East Asia as the vulnerable region has strategic and integrated regional policies as the effort to minimize disaster risk factors. This research is using descriptive-analytical approach as the tool of analysis and supported with secondary data for the methological approaches. The focus of this research  is to discovering a model of disaster governance in Southeast Asia region through collaboration from ASEAN, Dialogue Partner Countries (represented by ASEAN Regional Forum Cooperation and ASEAN Defense Minister Meeting Plus) and Civil Society Organization. ASEAN has been developed disaster governance by the utilization of AADMER as the policy foundation, maximize the involvement of non-state actor completed with extensive network through involved civil and military cooperation which demonstrate pluracentric rather than unicentric approach and governing without government process describe the model of disaster management cooperation in region. The model assists to explain pattern, characteristic and meaning of regional disaster governance in South East Asia that associated to neoliberlism institutionalism about institution existence and completed the explanation about international cooperation execution.
Popular Nationalism Dalam Kebijakan Luar Negeri Tiongkok Terhadap Jepang Pada Sengketa Kepulauan Senkaku/Diaoyu
Authors: Sirmareza Trio
Published: April 2018

This paper discusses about Popular Nationalism within China’s Foreign Policy towards Japan in the Context of Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands Dispute. Taking Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands’ dispute as the case, it can be conceived that, from two-level game perspective, Chinese government ‘instrumentalizes’ popular nationalism for its foreign policy purposes, i.e. strengthening its international position on the dispute and giving pressure to Japanese government. Practically, while putting pressure to Japan, popular nationalist movement also puts pressure on Chinese government by criticizing the government over its weak foreign policy towards Japan, as well as demanding for Chinese democratization and political change. Chinese government responds this situation by ‘managing’ popular nationalism. The government applies two-sided policy. When popular nationalist movement is favorable for Chinese foreign policy, the government gives popular nationalist a large controlled access to express their anger towards Japan. However, if popular nationalist starts to criticize government, demand for democratization and political change, Chinese government then restricts the movement by using institutional, informational, and ideational resourcesas well as starting to ban any protest and demonstration. This strange policy performed by Chinese government is strategically able to gain domestic support for its foreign policy, and maintain domestic status quo simultaneously.
Review of Sister Province between East Java Province-Indonesia and Prefecture Osaka-Japan
Authors: Effendi Tonny Dian
Published: April 2018

The cooperation between East Java province of Indonesia and Osaka Prefecture of Japan is one of the oldest sub-national or local government’s international cooperation in both countries. The cooperation has been growing both in scope of fields and areas. From East Java perspective, the cooperation should to be more intensive on investment and workers capabilities, while Osaka views that the increasing of human resources is important point. Both of local government agree that their cooperation is important as the back-bond of Indonesia-Japan bilateral relations, and the focus on trade and economy should to be expand. Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is one of the priority of them now. But, they also face the challenges in the infrastructure and clear information provided. The involvement of local government under provincial/prefectural level and non-government actors including universities and NGO is needed and synergized with the cooperation.
Dominasi Maskulinitas dalam Militer: Analisis Konstruksi Budaya terhadap Gender dalam Militer melalui Film Perang
Authors: Nasir Putiviola Elian
Published: April 2018

The issue of femininity and masculinity has long been a source of controversy, specifically when tied to positions of power, rights and obligations. Many will argue that masculinity dominates those positions of power, one of them being the military. It is an undeniable fact that the number of women soldiers is far below men soldiers. This is almost a universal trend. Using Joshua S. Goldstein’s third hypothesis of “tough men and tender women”, this research attempts to analyze the cultural construction of gender in the military that is present in four war movies dating back from 1957 to a more current one of 2008. The result of this research shows that although there has been a shift in what is considered as acceptable for masculinity, femininity still cannot escape its stereotype.
Masyarakat Sipil Transnasional dan Demokratisasi di Indonesia
Authors: Setyaka Virtuous , Mulya Febryna
Published: April 2018

Demokrasi dan Masyarakat Sipil secara teoritik maupun praktik menjadi konsep-konsep yang populer di Dunia. Sedangkan Transnasional(isme) menjadi populer ketika hubungan internasional secara teoritik maupun praktik mengakomodasinya seiring kesadaran para akademisi dan praktisi tentang fenomena semakin kaburnya batas teritorial secara fisik maupun non-fisik negara bangsa yang juga populer dengan sebutan globalisasi. Indonesia adalah salah satu negara bangsa yang dikenal dengan penerapan demokrasi dalam sistem politik dan pemerintahannya bahkan klaim tersebut dilakukan sejak kemerdekaan dan pembentukannya. Dalam demokrasi di Indonesia, keberadaan dan peran masyarakat sipil juga diakui bukan saja sabagai syarat dan penanda terjadinya demokratisasi. Lebih dari itu juga berperan secara aktif untuk percepatan dalam mewujudkan demokrasi yang lebih baik. Makalah ini menganalisis tentang pencapaian demokrasi di Indonesia, masyarakat sipil transnasional Indonesia; dan mengajukan gagasan tentang memajukan demokrasi di Indonesia. Dengan mengoperasionalisasikan teori dan konsep defisit demokrasi, demokrasi transnasional, masyarakat sipil transnasional, analisis dilakukan dengan menerapkan konsep-konsep dan teori-teori tersebut secara kritis dan pendekatan kualitatif kritis untuk memahami pencapaian demokrasi, posisi dan peran masyarakat sipil transnasional dalam demokratisasi di Indonesia. Selain itu juga menggunakan unit analisis masyarakat sipil dengan level analisis global, dan dengan fokus pada kasus demokratisasi di Indonesia sebagai konteks analisis.
Kebijakan Pertahanan Indonesia 1998-2010 dalam Merespon Dinamika Lingkungan Strategis di Asia Tenggara
Authors: Sulistyo Iwan
Published: April 2018

This article aims to analyze the response of Indonesia in an effort to counterbalance the development of military power in Southeast Asia during the 1998-2010 periods. This response is placed on the dimensions of the development policy of Indonesia's defense posture. The author uses a case study design. Through analysis of various documents, books, journals, and other sources as well as interviews with several experts in the field of defense and military, the author argues that Indonesia's defense posture development policy (land, sea, and air) in response to the military development in the countries of the Southeast Asia region during 1998-2010 period was intended to achieve more deterrent power than building an offensive force. The policy was made in light of the perception that the countries in Southeast Asia had the potential to threaten the security and sovereignty of Indonesia. Meanwhile, Indonesia's ability to build up military strength in the upper levels was very limited deterrent. Limited sources of funding and political support as well as weaknesses in analyzing the strategic environment of the region led to the development of the policy could not achieve the level of deterrent and also have not gotten to the point'strategic stability'. Indonesia was plagued by the problems of arms embargo by foreign countries and still has problems in the institutionalization of research and development.
Strategi Organisasi Perempuan Anti Trafficking Apne Aap dalam Penanggulangan Isu Perdagangan Manusia Di India
Authors: FIRMALIZA CICI ANISA
Published: April 2018

This research attempts to analyze strategy and effort undertaken by an anti-trafficking NGO called Apne Aap on addressing human trafficking issue in India. The most crucial thing in this analyzing is to figure out the meaning contained behind those strategy and effort. This research puts three main concepts; strategy of Korten NGO generation, human trafficking, and women interests. The observed knowledge is produced by applying feminist methodology. The finding of this research shows that the strategies of Apne Aap tend to address the problem in society particularly the beneficiaries Apne Aap. The meaning found is the fundamental change ideologically for women group in India. It is not merely on how the number of human trafficking decline, moreover the verily fundamental change is on how woman can maximize whole potential on herself thus it can generate high independency and self-confidence to express her group and personal interests. This will also allow them to be free from any oppression and discrimination, including human trafficking.
Poros Maritim dan Politik Luar Negeri Jokowi
Authors: Maksum Ali
Published: April 2018

This article discusses the President Joko Widodo’s poros maritim dunia or global maritime axis and the Indonesian foreign policy. This policy optimistically to strengthen Indonesia’s maritime capability and also to reviving the country as maritime super power as in the early history. Once Joko Widodo seizes the mandate after his dramatic victory in the last presidential election 2014, political polarization becomes a serious challenge to his administration. Yet, at the same time he obtained a huge international attention. Thus, this article attempt to understand Joko Widodo’s maritime policy from foreign policy perspective. Basically, foreign policy is determined by two factors namely international and domestic. To be more systematic, this article divided into five sections i.e.; introduction, maritime axis and Jokowi’s foreign policy, maritime axis and domestic politics, maritime axis and neighboring countries, and conclusion
POPULISME DAN KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sianipar Imelda Masni Juniaty
Published: April 2018

On October 20, 2014, Joko Widodo or familiarly known as Jokowi was sworn in as the Seventh President of the Republic of Indonesia. The majority of Indonesian society supports Jokowi because He is simple, honest and populist. The presence of populist leaders in international politics often attracts the attention of Western countries, particularly the United States. Populist leaders are often considered as the authoritarian leaders, anti-democratic, anti-Western, anti-foreign and anti-market. Hugo Chavez from Venezuela and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad from Iran are the examples. Chavez and Ahmadinejad are considered as threats by the United States because they challenge the United States led regional and global order. This article will examine the direction of Jokowi’s foreign policy. This article argues that Jokowi is a moderate populist leader. Jokowi is friendly to other countries including the West but still prioritize the national interests. Thus, Indonesia under Jokowi is not a threat to other countries and the West. In fact, they can work together to achieve their common national interests. Keywords: populism, foreign policy, Indonesia, jokowi, moderate populism
Peran Mission for Migrant Workers (MFMW) dalam Advokasi Perlindungan Hak-Hak Buruh Migran Filipina di Hong Kong
Authors: Wibowo Agung Setiyo
Published: April 2018

Migration has attracted international concern for decades. It challenges receiveing countries due to pressure to balance the need of domestic business and labor market,as well as the obligation to promote and protect the rights of migrant workers. The sending countries have also interest to balance the need of migrants and receiving countries. This research analyzes the role of Mission for Migrant Workers (MFMW)’s advocacy to protect the rights of Filipino migrants in Hong Kong. This paper concluded that the success of advocacy is strongly influenced by both domestic and transnational coalition.Keywords: Filipino migrant, Mision for Migrant Workers, transnationala advocacy network, Hong Kong
Kontraversi Foreign Direct Investment dan Solusinya Bagi Negara
Authors: Asri Silsila
Published: April 2018

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one of the essential capital sources for developingcountries which provide large contribution in economic development trough transfer of asset, good corporate governance and especially technology. This expectation is not always provide positive impact to the recipient countries. FDI, which is often implemented in Multi National Corporation, also becomes a tool for the developed countries to control the economic activities in developing countries in pursuing their benefit and interest. Sometimes, those MNCs also have a signifincance influence in political activities of recipient countries. Beside that, MNCs not always provide large attention to the community development. From this condition, debate about the role of state in managing of FDI emerged in political economic discourses. This paper describes about one of alternative thought how state copes with globalization. FDI is one of phenomena which emerged as the concequnces of globalization.Ian Clark suggested two perceptions about the relation of state and globalization. First, globalization has significance implication in eroding the state capacity as economic actor in international stage. Second, state is the key element in globalization process, in this perception there is a position shift of the state from state retreat to state adaptation. This paper conclude that, state also has capacity to control FDI dan globalization which accompanied it’s flow. State must place itself as business actor which has competitiveness. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment,Globalization, State retreat, state adaptation
Poststructuralist-Feminist International Relations: A Point of Reconciliation?
Authors: Fitriyah Lailatul
Published: April 2018

The relationships between peace studies and international relations (IR) has never been easy. The “strategic” nature of inter-state relations in IR and its state-centric focus are some of the big challenges to the humanitarian nature of peace studies. However, the rise of feminism in IR in the 1980s has given us a new promise in opening the field of IR to a greater humanitarian focus which could take even the individual level of analysis into account. IR poststructuralist-feminism - which is understood as an IR feminist perspective which deconstruct the “common assumptions of culture” (Sylvester, 1994) including feminism itself - is particularly progressive in the sense that it does not only provide the room to problematize the basic assumptions of mainstream IR, but also room to even question the premises of the IR feminists themselves, a self-reflective quality shared by contemporary peace studies. One of the latest theoretical developments in poststructuralist-feminist IR is the “adoption” of positive psychology into IR methodology in order to take a deeper look into the mostly forgotten dimension of humans’ capability to flourish even under the most extreme condition (Penttinen, 2013). Again, this new proposal resonates with the current trend in peace studies scholarship in which peacebuilding processes are geared toward fuller ownership by the locals and harnesses their capabilities to survive. This article would like to analyze the potentialities of feminist approaches in IR, particularly those which come from the poststructuralist school of thought, as a fruitful “meeting point” for peace studies and IR. Once we identify the “meeting point,” hopefully it can bring us into a rich inter-disciplinary endeavor in the future as well as a better understanding of the dynamics of peacebuilding practices in the context of international relations.Key Words: international relations, poststructuralist feminist IR, peace studies, positive psychology, reflective practices
China is a Key to Mitigate Global Climate Change
Authors: Mamma Beche Bt
Published: April 2018

This paper attempts to discuss China’s response on the global climate change. China, well known as the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the largest energy consumer and the second largest economy in the world, contributes for a third of the planet’s greenhouse gas output and has one of the world’s most polluted cities that surpassed United States and India. China’s economy growth has changed its perception on how they should cultivate their land, water, and natural resources. This economic expansion which is driven by fossil fuels, has led to dramatic increases in emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The world concerns on environmental problems in China because it influences the world whether pattern, it effects human life and it influences global community market. Keywords: Greenhouse Gases, Environmental Problems, Economy Growth
Implementasi Dan Hambatan Kebijakan Liberalisasi Pendidikan Tinggi Di Indonesia
Authors: R Ferdiansyah
Published: April 2018

Liberalization of higher education often gets rejection from the people in developing countries. It is considered as part of commodification of education. This also happens in Indonesia. This paper attempts to answer the question why liberalization of higher education in Indonesia cannot run fast? There are three things to be explained. First, it explains the conditions of international political structure that affects Indonesia’s education policy. Second, it elaborates how the process of making and implementing the policy are carried on. Third, it discusses how the public responses the policy. This research shows that liberalization of higher education in Indonesia has given rise to many opposition movements, which then lead to ambiguities in Indonesia commitments to liberalize the higher education. Keywords: GATS, Liberalization, Higher Education, WTO, Globalization
The Strategic Partners and Strategic Competitors between China and United States in the Period of Barack Obama Administration
Authors: Nugraha Nur Arif
Published: April 2018

This essay will consider a number of perspectives to determine whether the relationship between China and United States is strategic partnersor strategic competitors. During the Obama administration, the policy toward China oscillates between being strategic partners and strategic competitors since the first time he became President in January 2009 until the present time.  In this essay, I will argue that the relationship between China and the United States should be based on partnership rather than competition considering the strategic position of both countries in the world recently, especially in terms of economic cooperation. However, there is still a sense of competition between them, especially in military sectors. Sometimes, the relationship between them in this sector often brings the tense to their relationship. Keywords: Obama administration, policy, strategic partners, strategic competitors, relationship.
The Role of China’s Patriotic Hackers and Their Relationship to the Government
Authors: Isnarti Rika
Published: April 2018

China is one of countries around the world known for the use of patriotic hackers who conduct many cyber-attacks. Patriotic hackers tend to be linked to nationalist movements or work for the government. For example, when ethnic Chinese were blamed for violent riots in Indonesia in 1998, Chinese patriotic hackers attacked Indonesian government websites in protest. Patriotic hackers also blocked CNN’s website during Beijing Olympics in 2008 because it reported protests in Tibet and reported bad news about China as Olympic host. They also attacked Vietnamese websites reporting conflict with China in 2014. China’s patriotic hackers struggle to control how China is represented in the cyber sphere and Chinese authorities condone their actions. There are many benefits that the government gains from patriotic hackers and it is possible that the government sponsors their actions. But there are also risks for the government. This paper assesses the role of china’s patriotic hackers.hackers. Keywords: China patriotic hacker, cyber, China government
East China Sea Dispute: Paving Japan’s Way to be a Stronger Nations
Authors: Puspitasari Shinta
Published: April 2018

Dispute over East China Sea between two big countries in East Asia, namely China and Japan is not something new. This dispute existed since 1968 which based on historical and territorial issue. However, China and Japan dispute over this area is never been dangerous as it is now: they both use military. Both of them have tried to make an agreement over this issue; yet, it never succeeded. Thus, Japanese policymakers now think about their border. As a result, they change their defence policy to be more aggressive. This is to say, there is a change in Japan’s Self-Defence Force as well as Japan’s security policy. This move may seem as abandonement of Article 9 Showa Constitution that prohibit them to have military, and has been Japanese base in their defence policy. However, Japan Prime Minister think that this bold move is needed in addition to their stronger relationship with the US. Keywords: Japan, China, East China Sea dispute, defence policy
Dinamika Permasalahan Laut Tiongkok Selatan & Tantangan Serius terhadap Ide Poros Maritim Dunia
Authors: Wiswayana Wishnu Mahendra
Published: April 2018

In recent years situation on the South China Sea facing an escalationcondition, especially affected from China maritime activities. That conditionemerged when China put South China Sea territory at China's official map,which called 9/10/11 dashed line or u-shaped line. This paper addresses theIndonesian Government respond about territorial disputes with China'sofficial map on Natuna. The U-shaped line at China's official map actuallybecame challenges for Global Maritime Axis idea and Indonesia foreignpolicy under Jokowi-JK administration.Keyword: Global Maritime Axis, South China Sea, Foreign Policy
Isu Bencana dan Prinsip-Prinsip Humanitarian Dalam Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Authors: Sinulingga Anita Afriani
Published: April 2018

This article seeks to explore how the issue of disaster and humanitarian principles applied in International Relations’ studies. This article will be shaped into two parts. The first section will describe the disaster issues in International Relations’ studies. This section will explain how tol ink disaster issues in international relations and the application of disaster issues that may be developed in International Relations’ studies. The second part will describe the development of Humanitarian principles derived from the Geneva Convention. In the convention, there are four humanitarian principles as the basis of any humanitarian action, but these principles need to be so that it can operasionalize in International Relations’ studies.Keywords: disaster, humanitarian, International Relations’ studies
Pengaruh Serangan 9/11 terhadap Perkembangan Dinamika Keamanan Internasional
Authors: Eka Payani Ni Luh Bayu Purwa
Published: April 2018

The 9/11 took place fifteen years ago yet still becoming one of theworst tragedies in American history. This also changed the face ofinternational security. Before terrorist attack became headlines in allinternational news networks, states all over the world still concerned about conventional security where war could only conducted by states. Now, states especially western states need to face the challenge come from non-states threat. To see what changes the terrorist attack in New York brings to international security, here I will explain three major effects. The three effects are based on American Foreign Policy towards terrorism which was adopted by almost countries; the emergence of Global War on Terrorism, Regime Termination in Afghanistan and Iraq, and World Focus on Jihadist Movement by Al-Qaeda and ISIS. By using explainative method, these indicated variables will explain how 9/11 changed the face and the dynamic of international security.Keywords: 9/11, terrorism, international security, regime termination, jihadist movement.
Japan and the South China Sea
Authors: Zulkifli Noraini Bt , Forbes Vivian Louise
Published: April 2018

This article examines and analyses Japan’s current interest in theSouth China Sea, by first alluding to the historical context of that country’s involvement from the mid-1930s to the end of the Pacific War, 1945. It then outlines Japan’s energy security needs and that country’s national policy relating to securing safety for its flagged ships and those vessels assisting in promoting Japan’s export and import and the diplomatic role that Japan plays towards regional stability. Japan in their Diplomatic Bluebook stated that the priority for Japan is to guarantee the securityandprosperity of the countryand its people. Here,it is clear thatthe Japanese Government will trytodo everything togive the besttoensure their survival. Japan’s interest in South China Sea is because it is deemed critical for the Japanese security.Keywords: Japan, Energy, Maritime Security, Military, South China Sea
Bencana Hutan dalam Hubungan Internasional
Authors: Fathun Loade Muhamad
Published: April 2018

This article will answer the question why Indonesia is not yet fullyoptimized in solving forest fires. The types of literature is qualitative analysis techniques with collecting secondary data (library research). In result that the forest fires in Indonesia is because inability of the government to preserve forest, or other terms are neglected phenomenon. It still repeated every year with 20 trillion losses in 2015 with total land area about 2.1 million hectares. This condition is equal to four timesBali island and 32 times the size of Jakarta. Analysis process that still recurrence of catastrophic forest fires, as the result by not optimal factors: a) governance management of the disaster, b) Not optimal in disaster as an instrument of diplomacy, it relates to how Indonesia influence a number of countries to help tackle the fire, c) the consequences and legal compliance related to transboundary haze. Smoke pollution control is not legally ratified by Indonesia, posed no legalconsequences for Indonesia. Contrary to the Geneva Convention, the Riodeclaration and the declaration Stockholm advocated that the country should maintain its natural and conformity with nature, so it does not interfere with the activities of other countries. Keyword: Disaster, Diplomacy, Compliance Theory, Rational Choice
Prospects for Australian-Led Regional Cooperation On Asylum Seeker and Refugee Issues
Authors: Troath Sian
Published: April 2018

The nomination of former Refugee High Commissioner Antonio Guterres for Secretary-General, the ongoing and intensifying condemnations of Australia’s offshore detention centres on human rights grounds, and the ruling of the Papua New Guinea Supreme Court regarding detention centres on Manus Island, indicate that the Australian government needs a new policy on asylum-seekers. The domestic political demand for a deterrence-based, “no advantage”, tough on borders approach means that the only way to achieve this would be through regional cooperation, which would be impossible without the cooperation of Indonesia. Analysing why there is such strong involvement of domestic politics on this issue, even to the detriment of the bilateral relationship with Indonesia, is vital to understanding how to improve the relationship and foster regional cooperation on asylum seekers. While reaching a broad cooperative agreement on asylum seekers in general would be far too difficult, the Rohingya refugee crisis presents a specific case on which regional cooperation could be built. If successful, this would serve as a building-block for deeper and more sustained regional cooperation on asylum seekers
Strategi Indonesia dalam Merespon Kebangkitan Tiongkokpada Masa Kepemimpinan Presiden SBY (Studi Kasus: Konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan)
Authors: Trisni Sofia , Apriwan Apriwan , Irawan Poppy
Published: April 2018

Dunia Internasional pada abad 21 ditandai dengan fenomena kebangkitan Tiongkok. Kebangkitan Tiongkok ini direspon secara beragam oleh negara-negara yang ada dunia. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk menjelaskan strategi yang digunakan oleh Indonesia dalam merespon kebangkitan Tiongkok pada era presiden SBY dengan menggunakan setting Konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan sebagai arena yang mempertemukan Indonesia dengan Tiongkok dan negara-negara ASEAN lainnya. Tulisan ini menemukan bahwa strategi yang digunakan oleh Indonesia dalam merespon kebangkitan Tiongkok adalah strategi engagement melalui ASEAN dan hedging dengan memperbanyak opsi yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia.
A Comparison of Neorealism, Liberalism, and Constructivism in Analysing Cyber War
Authors: Isnarti Rika
Published: April 2018

Cyberwar can be considered as one of phenomena in International Relations. However, recently, there are not many literature about International Relations theory talking about cyber war or cyberspace generally. The phenomena of cyberspace is matter to International Relations as it involved sovereignty, state interactions and other elements in International Relations theory. On the other hand, cyber space blurs many concept in International Relations such as sovereignty is borderless in the realms of cyber space. Therefore, this articles analyses three perspectives in International Relations in analyzing cyber war. It explains what cyber war in context of International Relations, how three theories in International Relations with their elements analyses actors and interaction in cyber space. Finally, it found that Neorealism is the most adequate theory among other two theories in analyzing cyber war.
Decentralization in Indonesia: An Evaluation of the Implementation of Laws 22 and 25 of 1999
Authors: Mamma Beche Bt
Published: April 2018

Indonesia has been undergoing a reform process. It started with the process of rapid decentralization government began in 1999 from a strong centralized system. One of its process is the introduction of decentralization, a process of transfer power from the central government to provinces to sub-provinces. Decentralization became a worldwide phenomenon since over three decade. Countries around the world use decentralization principles with varying degree, mostly by transferring responsibilities of public service delivery to lower levels of government. The decentralization literature promotes the good governance aspects associated with decentralization including local citizen participation, democratic elections and financial and political equity. Decentralization in Indonesia is much more of an administrative decentralization rather than a fiscal decentralization. The central government continues to control a vast share of the revenues required for local governance under true decentralization.Key words: Decentralization, Reform Process, Centralized System, Governance
Kerjasama Korea Selatan –Indonesia dalam Manajemen Bencana Alam (Rekontruksi Aceh Pasca Tsunami Samudera Hindia)
Authors: Muzwardi Ady
Published: April 2018

Natural Distasters is a part of media diplomacy and cooperation between nations, strengthening disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels. In coping with disasters, national resources could be overwhelmed, especially in the event of large-scale disasters. In this respect, bilateral and regional cooperation is of particular importance, and this is part of the Korean Indonesian relations. The political dialogue also intends to foster closer cooperation on humanitarian and activities between the Indonesia and Korean. The tsunami in Aceh serves as an example of media diplomacy between the two nations as part of global cooperation. The development of political, social and culture cooperation through reconstruction efforts, programs and projects in Aceh has become a strength in the diplomatic relations between South Korea and Indonesia. This research aims to share knowledge and exchange best practices and to be able to work together in the event of major disasters. . Keywords:Natural Disasters, diplomacy, reconstruction.
Ekspor Revolusi Islam dan Identitas Republik Islam Iran
Authors: Helmys Naldo
Published: April 2018

Having been considered as rational actor acting based on national interests, sovereign states is also understood have their own identities. Moreover, state identities have pivotal role on determining state behavior in international social structure. Stand on that assumption, this paper will describe the four state identities of Islamic Republic of Iran that assist to find an answer for interesting question: why did Iran export their Islamic Revolution throughout Middle East during Ayatollah Khomeini’s era (1979-1989)?During export of revolution, Iran was in war with Iraq and ideologically conflicted with Saudi while its fundamental ideology was spread across by propagating via international radio network and supporting oppressed nations in some countries. This historical phenomenon will be explained by Constructivism in International Relations, especially based on Alexander Wendt’s Social Theory of International Politics. It can be seen that there are four identities of Iran: as an Islamic Iran nation, velayat-e faqih-based Islamic Republic, core of Islamic world, and part of Pan-Islam.
Narrowing the Global Gap: Eco-Social Market Economy as New Perspective to Deal with Global Economic Inequality and Economic Insecurity in 21st Century
Authors: Wattimena Reza A.A , Perwita Anak Agung Banyu
Published: April 2018

Global economic inequality, namely the economic inequality between various countries and regions, is one of the biggest challenges of 21st century. Thus, it has also become an important issue in economic security. It creates extreme poverty in the face of abundant living in several rich countries and regions. It is also the root of other global problems, such as human trafficking, spreads of slums, diseases, and international network of radicalism, extremism and terrorism. Because of the global scope, the world needs to develop new perspective in combating global economic inequality and its negative consequences. Eco-social market economy, which is developed from the German social theories, can offer such perspective. It balances between two important areas of social life, namely social justice on the one hand, and ecological awareness of the other hand. This paper elaborates the basic notions and implementations of eco-social market economy in global level to overcome the issue of global economic inequality in 21st century as a new perspective in addressing the issue of economic insecurity in our current global economic, political and security interactions.
Dinamika Persenjataan di Asia Tenggara, 2010-2015
Authors: Sulistyo Iwan
Published: April 2018

States, however, are still the main actors in International Relations. Although the Cold War had formally ended in 1991, as a matter of fact, the military competition still exists, including at the regional level. This article attempts to analyze the arms dynamic in Southeast Asia during the 2010-2015 periods. By using three models – action-reaction model, the domestic structure model, and the technological imperative – simultaneously and analyzing the data published by both the IISS and SIPRI, this study shows that conflict in the South China Sea had been the primary motive of several countries in increasing their military spending and enhancing their military capabilities, both qualities as well as quantities. Several countries accelerating their military strength had been Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, and Indonesia. However, Singapore had been the leading actor that has significant efforts in strengthening its military power. Relizing the difficulty to identify the actual motives of these several countries enlarging their hard power, the author argues that, within this arms dynamic, there is also a possibility or even the long-term tendency in terms of arms race as long as these major actors that relates directly to the South China Sea territorial conflict are not able carefully to maintain their security dilemma and perceived threats.  Kata Kunci: Arms dynamic, Southeast Asia, military capability
ETIKA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Asri Silsila
Published: April 2018

Inequality and poverty are the impact of the unevenness of the distribution of physical and economic development outcomes. This is the result of development which ignored the moral and ethical dimension. Liberal and neo liberal system makes the factors of production mastered by a few people that contribute to inequality. People who have little ability to access resources become increasingly poor and backward. Ethics of Third World Development emerged as a critical alternative approach theory which concern with community development or empowerment community to make their life become better. Gaoulet and others of critical alternative approach suggested at least there are three basic component which are should be conceptual foundation and practical guide in understanding the development, those are sustenance, self-esteem, and freedom.Key Words : Ethics of Third World Development, Sustenance, Self Esteem, Freedom
Implementasi ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan 2011-2015 dalam Kebijakan Pariwisata Indonesia di masa Pemerintahan Jokowi
Authors: Moenir Haiyyu Darman
Published: April 2018

Tourism is one of the important sectors in the economic development of a country. This is evidenced by the revenue contribution of state revenues generated from the tourism sector. Indonesia under the leadership of President Joko Widodo Focused on the development of maritime shaft which one of the main concern is tourism. In the context of tourism, Indonesia has a fairly high appeal at the local and international level. Southeast Asia region incorporated in ASEAN is a good market for Indonesia in attracting the attention of ASEAN people to come and travel in Indonesia. Through joint strategy in regional tourism development, Indonesia is trying to implement ASEAN tourism policy known as ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan (2011-2015) in domestic context through Indonesian tourism policy. This paper will focus on how the implementation of the ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan 2011-2015 in the Indonesian Tourism Policy in the Reign of President Joko Widodo. Key words: Tourism, connectivity, policy, government, ASEAN
Implikasi Perjanjian Kemitraan Ekonomi Komprehensif Indonesia-Australia (IA-CEPA) terhadap Perdagangan Luar Negeri Indonesia
Authors: Andriani Yeti
Published: April 2018

This research is used to see IA-CEPA's contribution to trade of both countries especially to Indonesian foreign trade. With the research question, what is the economic implication of this economic partnership agreement politics, especially related to Indonesian trade sector? Adam Smith's theory in this research is that the liberal economy is closely related to the world economic development, an idea that requires the liberty of individuals or economic units to achieve their interests and an invisible hand can facilitate economic regulation and achieve high economic efficiency and growth, the government should not interfere and instead let the market run on its own mechanism. Added by David Ricardo that mutual interest is generated is a mutual interest-based benefit of the trade. The method used is qualitative method that is method with purpose to explain topic in detail. The result of this research is the IA-CEPA agreement can facilitate the access of Indonesian market and foreign trade to Australia.Key Words: Liberal Economics, IA-CEPA, Trade
Controversies of the Implementation of Carbon Tax Policy for the Australian Economy: Harmful or Beneficial?
Authors: Nugraha Nur Arif
Published: April 2018

Australian government had an experience in carbon tax policy implementation and evidently, it did not work out since it was enacted for the first time in 2012. The background of this policy was the Kyoto Protocol in 2007. In the beginning, Australia and United States considered as resistant countries. However, the government finally implemented carbon tax policy in 2012. There were many debates around this issue, especially two major parties, Labour and Liberal. After some considerations, the Australian government decided to repeal this policy in 2014. This study will focus on controversies around the implementation of carbon tax policy. The first part will describe the background of carbon tax policy. The next part will expose on positive impacts of the policy implementation on the Australian economy, while the following part will focus on negative impacts on household expenditures. The final part will conclude which actions the government should decide either continues or terminates carbon tax policy.  Keywords: implementation, carbon tax policy, environment, household, economy
Efektivitas Bantuan Pembangunan Peace Corps Amerika Serikat Di Indonesia
Authors: Khairunnisa Listia
Published: April 2018

The focus of this research is to explain the U.S. Peace Corps’ aid effectiveness in assisting Indonesia from year 2010 to 2017. This research utilizes the five principles and twelve indicators of Paris Declaration as tools to explain the aid effectiveness. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and uses interviews and observation as primary resources, also using books and articles as secondary resources. The result of this research shows that principles of Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness in Peace Corps Indonesia is almost effective in Local Alignment Principle, Harmonization Principle, and Mutual Accountability Principle. In addition to Policy Ownership Principle, English learning is not yet considered as a priority. Moreover, there are some differences in development plan and real activities that makes it become unoperational strategy. In Managing for Result Principle, since 2010, the amount of students, teachers and communities whose interact with the volunteer of Peace Corps keep increasing but there is no official framework that shows development result oriented.  Keywords: Peace Corps, Peace Corps Indonesia, foreign aid, United States, Bappenas
Arab Spring: A Case Study of Egyptian Revolution 2011
Authors: Puspitasari Shinta
Published: April 2018

Egyptian Revolution, also known as Arab Spring or Arab Uprising, was a shock for international community because Egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in North Africa region. Experts and observers even suggested that this revolution is the biggest event since the Cold War. No one ever saw this coming; yet, the Revolution happened, and it succeeded to topple President Hosni Mubarak from power. Indeed, prior to the revolution, there are factors that became the preliminary incidents as well as problems that led to the revolution, and most of these factors came from within the country. Nevertheless, this revolution has given idea to other states with repressive regime in the North Africa region, which started the ‘domino effect’ in Middle East and North Africa region. As for Egyptians, though successfullnes of the revolution brought positive outcome for them, the negative result also followed as well as responses from international community. The objective of this paper is to examine the Egyptian Revolution that led to the end of Hosni Mubarak regime. Keywords: Arab Spring; Egyptian Revolution; President Hosni Mubarak; ‘domino effect’; Middle East and North Africa region.
Pasar Kecantikan dan Penindasan Wanita Di Cina
Authors: Permata Inda Mustika , Nanda Bima Jon
Published: April 2018

This study examines about China beauty market associated with beauty perception in their society. The beautiful perception in China differs from time to time, most contradictory to the Mao era; beautiful women are women who did not do self-beautification, while post-Mao era, in line with the opening of the economy, beautiful women associated with white skin, young, and tall. To meet these criteria, women do beauty treatments and buy cosmetics so the demand for cosmetics becomes high. This behavior encourages the rise of cosmetic trading activities in China, so China has become one of the largest beauty market on global scale continues to grow. The rapid growth of the market in China cannot be separated from the Chinese beauty perception of women. Such perception ultimately oppresses women through demands to fulfill the beauty perception that exists in society. Later, beauty perception actually provides a great benefit for beauty companies in China.  Keywords: Beauty, Market, Women, China, Oppression
RACIONALIDADE NO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL BRASILEIRO: ANÁLISE DOS PADRÕES DECISÓRIOS E DA RAZÃO FUNDANTE DA DECISÃO NO JULGAMENTO DA ARGUIÇÃO DE DESCUMPRIMENTO DE DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL N.º 541
Authors: Maciel Jone fagner rafael
Published: April 2018

O presente estudo analisa, embasado em uma hermenêutica pós-positivista dos direitos fundamentais, especialmente da concepção pertinente ao suporte fático destes direitos segundo exposto por Virgílio Afonso da Silva, os métodos ou padrões decisórios utilizados pelos ministros do Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro quando do julgamento da Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental nº 54, que tratou da antecipação terapêutica do parto dos fetos anencefálicos, de modo a avaliar a congruência dos fundamentos adotados, bem como se é possível extrair do julgado, a partir nos padrões utilizados, uma razão de decidir que confira racionalidade à atuação da Corte.
REGIME PUNITIVO DOS ATOS DE IMPROBIDADE ADMINISTRATIVA – UMA REVISÃO DA TEORIA DA NÃO CUMULATIVIDADE DAS SANÇÕES
Authors: Laranjeira Márcio Fernando Bouças
Published: April 2018

Os atos de improbidade administrativa representam inequívoco desrespeito à dignidade da função pública, merecendo, assim, exemplar punição.  Por tal motivo, a Constituição da República tratou de fazer expressa referência a essa espécie de ilícito, definindo a priori as sanções cabíveis, cuja aplicação haverá de observar a forma e a gradação previstas na lei (artigo 37, § 4º).  Em obediência a tal mandamento constitucional, veio a lume a Lei n.º 8.429/1992, na qual definiu o legislador não só os procedimentos administrativo e judicial, mas também outras sanções e seus limites mínimo e máximo, conferindo ao magistrado a possibilidade de aplicar as penas isolada ou cumulativamente, de acordo com a gravidade do fato (artigo 12).  Assim, de acordo com a doutrina e a jurisprudência majoritárias, todas as sanções previstas na Lei n.º 8.429/1992 submetem-se ao juízo de ponderação do magistrado, o qual poderá deixar de aplicar qualquer uma delas.  Tal raciocínio, no entanto, não pode ser adotado de forma irrestrita e ilimitada, pois algumas sanções devem ser necessariamente impostas em todos os casos de condenação por improbidade administrativa, não só por obediência à eficácia direta da norma constitucional, mas também pela interpretação sistemática do ordenamento jurídico.  O objetivo deste breve estudo é discorrer sobre os motivos pelos quais as sanções previstas na Constituição – suspensão de direitos políticos e perda da função pública – encontram-se fora do âmbito de discricionariedade do juiz, devendo ser por ele impostas sempre que condenado o servidor ímprobo.