bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOCIO-ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT ON THE GREAT SILK ROAD (KAZAKHSTAN SECTION)
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan, MOLDAGALIYEVA Aitolkyn , AKTYMBAYEVA Aliya ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan, ISSAKOV Yerlan ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Institute of Natural Sciences and Geography, Department of Geography and Ecology, Almaty, Kazakhstan, ASSYLBEKOVA Aizhan ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan, KENZHALIN Kuanyshbek ,   L.N. Gumilyev Eurasian National University, Faculty of Philology, Department of Kazakh Linguistics, Astana, Kazakhstan, BEISEMBINOVA Ardak ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh Hational University, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan, BEGIMOVA Gulzhanat ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of International Relations, Department of Turkology, Astana, Kazakhstan, DÁVID Lóránt Dénes ,   John von Neumann University, Faculty of Economics and Business, Kecskemét, Hungary; Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Institute of Rural Development and Sustainable Economy, Gödöllő, Hungary
Published: February 2024

The Great Silk Road is a historical place for Kazakhstan, promoting mutual understanding and peace between peoples, connecting cultures, developing tourism, trade and business. Therefore, a comprehensive study of the tourism and recreational potential of the sites of the Kazakhstan section of the Great Silk Road, the socio-economic significance of tourism development and tourism attractiveness is very important. The purpose of this study was to determine the socio - economic significance of tourism development in the Kazakhstan section of the Great Silk Road. In the study of tourism and recreational resources of the Great Silk Road, the methods of analysing the theoretical basis, studying statistical data and questionnaires were used comprehensively. As a result, the socio-economic significance of tourism development in Kazakhstan, favourable socio-cultural impact of the Great Silk Road in connection with improving the welfare of the population of the territory, increasing the flow of tourists, income from the tourism industry and improving infrastructure was revealed. The survey showed that 40.9 % of respondents rated the level of satisfaction with transport infrastructure from 5 points to 3 points. 34.1 % of respondents rated the quality of roads as 4 points and 13.6 % as 5 points. It was also found that the most visited tourist sites on the Kazakh part of the Great Silk Road in recent times are the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, Otrar State Archaeological Museum-Reserve, mausoleum of Aisha Bibi and Karakhan. Thus, it was proposed to form an information base of tourist sites of the Kazakhstan part of the Great Silk Road, to attract qualified personnel in the ser vice sector, to popularise tourist sites by improving Internet resources, advertising and shooting feature films.
ТРУДОВА ПОЛІТИКА НАЦИСТСЬКОЇ АДМІНІСТРАЦІЇ “ДИСТРИКТУ ГАЛИЧИНА”
Authors: AFTANAS Andrii
Published: February 2024

The article examines the process of creating the occupying administration on the territory of “District Galicia”, and the structure, powers, and main directions of activity of departments dealing with the issues of mobilization and labor use of local labor resources are highlighted. The role of Nazi officials in campaigns to recruit and transport people to forced labor in the Reich was clarified. The position of the local Nazi leadership periodically did not follow the general political course in the occupied territories due to the career aspirations of certain government officials. It is important to assess the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of personnel policy in the occupation authorities, as the success of the implementation of state policy as a whole depends on human resources. Due to the insufficient number of German employees, the rate of recruitment was low. This led to the need to involve the local population in administrative work, which should have solved the problem according to the Nazi authorities. However, the increase in the number of Ukrainians and Poles in labor departments has exacerbated interethnic conflicts, which directly affected the effectiveness of these authorities, the main criteria of which were indicators of implementation of recruitment and mobilization plans. In addition, the attitude of the local population towards the activities of the occupying authorities has deteriorated due to their repressive and punitive policies. A few months after the establishment of the civil administration, the rate of registration of the working population of the District in workbenches has decreased significantly. These and other factors influenced the spread of protest tendencies among Galician Ukrainians regarding the refusal to go to work in Germany. Particular attention is paid to the assessment of the activities of Fritz Saukel's office and the measures taken by him to accelerate the recruitment of local people with a view to their further deportation to Germany. To improve interdepartmental coordination, a special unit was set up within the Reich Ministry of Labor, the European Employment Service (Europaamt für den Arbeitseinsatz). Structurally, it was divided into five departments, which aimed to help improve the regulation of labor used in all occupied areas of Europe and engaged in management training.
ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ РАДЯНСЬКОГО НАРАТИВУ ЗАПЕРЕЧЕННЯ ГОЛОДОМОРУ НА РУБЕЖІ 1980-X – 1990-X PP.
Authors: KOZYCKYJ Andrij
Published: February 2024

In the latter half of the 1980s, the communist regime in Moscow found itself compelled to revise its propaganda narrative concerning the denial of the Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Ukraine. This necessitated a deep examination of the famine of 1932-1933 on an international scale, taking into account the activities of various political opposition groups such as the Ukrainska Helsynska Groupa, Narodnyj Ruch Ukrainy, and Spilka Nezalerznoji Ukrainskoji Molody, which had emerged in Ukraine during 1988-1989. In response to these developments, the Soviet leadership opted to construct a new official perspective on the events that unfolded in the early 1930s in Soviet Ukraine. Under these transformed circumstances, it became untenable for Soviet authorities to continue disregarding or refuting the factual occurrence of the 1932-1933 famine. Consequently, the Soviet leadership acknowledged that a famine had indeed transpired in Ukraine at the outset of the 1930s. However, the communist regime sought to explain this famine as an outcome of an unfortunate convergence of various objective and subjective factors, a "deviation from the Leninist principles of cooperative policy," and as a distortion of true socialism. While conceding that Joseph Stalin, who wielded dictatorial authority over the Soviet Union from 1929 to 1953, had made errors during the transition from the 1920s to the 1930s, the Communist Party of the USSR continued to dispute the notion of malicious intent in his decision-making. This revision in the official narrative marked a significant shift in the historical perspective on the Holodomor, reflecting the changing political landscape and the increasing awareness of the famine's reality, while retaining a commitment to maintaining the legitimacy of the communist regime in the USSR.
ПРОФСПІЛКИ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ РАДЯНСЬКОГО ПОЛІТИЧНОГО РЕЖИМУ (1945–1991)
Authors: Kondratiuk Kostiantyn
Published: February 2024

In the post-war years democratic principles were effectively nullified in the practical activities of Communist party structures at both the central and local levels. The role of the appointed party apparatus continued to expand, reinforcing bureaucratic methods of management. Centralism permeated all aspects of society, elevating arbitrary management techniques. The party, represented by the apparatus, assumed control over all facets of life. Trade unions constituted a link in the Soviet political system. Under the conditions of the totalitarian regime, they were subordinated to the party, transforming into a quasi-state entity performing political, industrial, and ideological functions as defined for them. Trade unions did not play an independent political role in the USSR and Ukrainian SSR. They merely served as a “transmission link from the party to the masses”, an additional tool for social regulation and a conduit for party influence in production across millions of workers engaged in various branches of the economy, culture, and science. The primary function of trade unions, protective in nature, took a backseat. They were now primarily tasked with production objectives such as “organizing workers and employees to fight for the steady development of the national economy...”. In essence, trade unions transformed into a branch of the administrative apparatus, intended to ensure the implementation and over-implementation of business plans, and increase labor productivity. Furthermore, they fulfilled certain ideological and educational functions based on Lenin's definition of trade unions as “schools of communism”. They had at their disposal clubs, houses of culture, libraries, and movie theaters. The cultural realm became a massive and potent channel through which the perception of the steadfastness and “correctness” of the principles of the totalitarian system was ingrained in the minds of the people.
THE INFLUENCE OF NET PROFIT MARGIN AND RETURN ON EQUITY AND RETURN ON ASSETS ON SHARE PRICES IN INSURANCE COMPANIES THAT GO PUBLIC IN INDONESIA
Authors: Aprilia Nikita , Tricahyadinata Irsan , Fakhrowan Rizki , Dharma Bayu Dwi
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) Pengaruh Net Profit Margin (NPM) terhadap Harga Saham pada Perusahaan Insurance Yang Go Public di Indonesia. Pendekatan penelitian dilakukan secara kuantitatif. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah 10 perusahaan insurance go public yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2014-2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Net profit margin (NPM) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan asuransi yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2014-2019. Net Profit Margin memiliki pengaruh negatif. Hal ini dapat disebabkan bahwa perubahan nilai Net Profit Margin akan memberikan kontribusi negatif terhadap return saham. Nilai Net Profit Margin yang semakin tinggi akan memberikan kontribusi terhadap return saham yang semakin rendah atau begitu juga sebaliknya perubahan nilai Net Profit Margin yang semakin rendah akan berdampak terhadap return saham yang semakin tinggi.(2)Return On Assets (ROA) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Saham pada perusahaan asuransi yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2014-2019. Hal ini dapat disebabkan karena kondisi laba perusahaan yang tidak dalam kondisi optimal. (3) Return On Equity (ROE) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan asuransi yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2014-2019. Adanya fluktuasi laba bersih dari tahun 2014 sampai 2019 maka tingkat pengembalian modal yang lemah, tidak menarik minat investor untuk menanamkan modal. (4) Net profit margin (NPM), Return On Assets (ROA) dan Return On Equity (ROE) secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan asuransi yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2014-2019. Kata kunci: Net Profit Margin; Return on Assets; Return on Equity
THE INFLUENCE OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT, JOB SATISFACTION, AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT ON INTENTION TO STAY IN THE RETAIL INDUSTRY IN JAKARTA
Authors: Sukistianingsih Reni , Parimita Widya , Wolor Christian Wiradendi
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of perceived organizational support, job satisfaction and organizational commitment on intention to stay in the Jakarta retail industry. In this study, using a quantitative approach, survey method and purposive sampling approach. The data analysis technique in this study used SPSS software version 26. The researcher sample used non-probability so that the sample size was 110 people. This study shows the results, (1) There is a positive and significant relationship between Perceived Organizational Support and Intention to Stay, (2) There is a positive and significant relationship between Job Satisfaction and Intention To Stay, (3) There is a positive and significant relationship between Organizational Commitment and Intention To Stay.
THE INFLUENCE OF RECRUITMENT, SELECTION AND COMPETENCY ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT PT. JASAMARGA TOLLROAD OPERATOR
Authors: Yulistiyono Agus , Gunawan Yanthi Meytri , Saputri Ranita
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of recruitment, selection and employee competency on the performance of PT employees. Jasamarga Tollroad Operators. This study uses a quantitative approach. The sample in this research was 107 respondents, and the method in this research used descriptive and quantitative. Primary data collection was obtained from distributing questionnaires. The results of this research show that partially the Recruitment Variable (X1) has a significant effect on Employee Performance (Y) with a regression test result of 0.433, with a significance level of 0.003 (very significant). The Selection Variable (X2) has a significant effect on Employee Performance (Y) with a regression test result of 0.491, with a significance level of 0.000 (very significant). The Competency variable (X3) has a significant effect on Employee Performance (Y) with a regression test result of 0.238, with a significance level of 0.017 (very significant). Simultaneously, the recruitment, selection and competency variables have a significant effect on employee performance (Y) with the results of F-count 18,350 > F-table 2.69 with a sig value of 0.00 (very significant).Keywords: Recruitment, Selection, Competency and Employee Performance.
THE INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL EVIDENCE AND TASTE ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN MEMORATION COFFEE IN PASAR BARU TANGERANG
Authors: Kusdianto Kusdianto , Firanti Firanti
Published: February 2024

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh Bukti Fisik dan Cita Rasa Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan secara parsial maupun simultan pada Kopi Kenangan di Pasar Baru Tangerang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dan asosiatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 96 pelanggan. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling yaitu teknik penentuan sampel dengan pertimbangan tertentu, dengan menggunakan rumus Lamshow. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian secara parsial menunjukan bahwa Bukti Fisik berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan dapat disimpulkan nilai t- hitung > t-tabel (8,744 > 1,98552), Cita Rasa berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan dapat disimpulkan nilai t-hitung > t-tabel (9,111 > 1,98552), dengan secara simultan menunjukan bahwa Bukti Fisik dan Cita Rasa berpengaruh siginifikan terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan dapat disimpulkan nilai F- hitung > F-tabel (74,494 > 3,09).Kata Kunci: Bukti Fisik; Cita Rasa; Loyalitas Pelanggan
Fostering Literacy Culture at SD Negeri Tanah Merah: Success of Educational Seminar and Its Positive Impact on the Community
Authors: Afrida Erayani  , Ester Julinda Simarmata  , Rosdiana Samosir
Published: February 2024

This community service aims to increase awareness and implementation of literacy culture at Tanah Merah State Elementary School, Aceh Tamiang. By holding a one-day seminar on January 10 2024, this program brings together participants from various parties, including teachers, students and parents, in a united effort to create awareness of the importance of literacy as the main foundation of education. Keynote lectures and interactive discussions in seminars dive deeper into the concept of literacy, which includes not only reading and writing skills but also critical thinking skills, interpretation, and thorough knowledge of various types of texts. This seminar also provides a platform to produce actual action plans, which reflect participants' commitment to integrating literacy culture in everyday life. Evaluation and reflection findings revealed that this activity was successful in providing positive changes in attitudes and understanding, with awards given at the end of the event as appreciation for the participants' commitment. By expressing the conclusions of this service, this abstract shows the success of the initial steps in improving literacy culture at Tanah Merah State Elementary School. This aims to ensure that the enthusiasm and understanding that emerges from this activity can become a catalyst for sustainable change at the school level and in the local community.
Cultivating Foundations: A Research-Driven Community Service for Enhancing Early-Grade Education at SD Negeri OKAS
Authors: Riasman  , Ester Julinda Simarmata  , Rosdiana Samosir
Published: February 2024

This abstract highlights the major features and outcomes of the calistung training community service effort done at SD Negeri OKAS. The community service, done on January 10, 2024, aims to increase the core skills of early-grade pupils in reading, writing, and counting through a research-driven, holistic approach. The process involves a detailed needs assessment, collaborative curriculum design, and interactive, culturally sensitive teaching methods. The good and beneficial effects include a noticeable improvement in students' skills, strengthened community bonds, overwhelming favorable comments, heightened awareness of educational relevance, and the formation of lasting collaborations. The endurance of the effort is shown through continued support, mentorship programs, and its significance as a model for similar ventures. As a researcher committed to community service, the success of this effort illustrates the transformative potential of combining research, community participation, and sustainable planning in educational interventions. The reported experiences and outcomes serve as useful tools for shaping future initiatives and add to the greater conversation on effective community-driven educational interventions.
Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Sidua Ori
Authors: Temazisokhi Ndruru
Published: February 2024

Student learning outcomes are the output of the teaching and learning process. One of the problems in learning at school is the low student learning outcomes. This can be seen from the initial data on students' daily test scores which are still below the KKM. Many factors influence learning outcomes, one of which is the learning model. The Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model is a cooperative learning model that requires students to be active and motivate students so that they can support and help each other in mastering the subject matter being studied. The aim of this research is to determine the differences in Mathematics learning outcomes between those using the PBL learning model and the conventional learning model for class VII students at SMP NEGERI 1 SIDUA ORI. This research is experimental research with a pretest-posttest design. The subjects in this research were students in class VII_A as experimental class I and class VII_B as experimental class II, with data processing techniques using a two-way t-test. After the research was carried out, it turned out that the learning outcomes in classes that used the PBL learning model were 81.14 higher than in classes that used the conventional learning model, 76.98. Based on statistical tests, tcount is 2.4046 and ttable is 1.9893. Because the value of tcount > ttable (2.4046 > 1.9893) means that it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. From the analysis that has been carried out, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between Mathematics learning outcomes using the PBL learning model and the conventional learning model for class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Sidua Ori.
Open Resource Binary & Interactive Technology (ORBIT): Platform Asset Digital untuk Diseminasi Karya Mahasiswa
Authors: Rickman Roedavan  , Bambang Pudjoatmodjo  , Yahdi Siradj
Published: February 2024

Students in the Multimedia Engineering Technology Program (MET) at Telkom University possess the ability to create a diverse range of creative multimedia products, including 2D visual works, 3D modeling, and game applications. However, paradoxically, the documentation of their works often falls short, with their creations sporadically stored and inadequately cataloged. To address this challenge, we introduce Open Resource Binary & Interactive Technology (ORBIT), a digital asset platform designed to streamline the organization and management of multimedia projects generated by MET students. Through ORBIT, MET students can effortlessly upload, share, and document various types of multimedia projects, fostering collaboration among peers and ensuring that innovations in the multimedia field remain accessible and can be further developed by future generations
Out-of-School Time Programs in the United States in an Era of Racial Reckoning: Insights on Equity From Practitioners, Scholars, Policy Influencers, and Young People
Authors: Baldridge Bianca J. , DiGiacomo Daniela K. , Kirshner Ben , Mejias Sam , Vasudevan Deepa S.
Published: February 2024

The out-of-school time (OST) field in the United States has a complex history. The push to offer programming reflects a legacy rooted in moral panics about racially minoritized youth. However, this field is populated by community spaces that act as multipurpose sites of culturally sustaining educational practices supporting positive youth development. We report findings from interviews with OST leaders, youth workers, policy influencers, and youth about how to create, sustain, and protect more liberatory and humanizing practices, demonstrating that racism and deficit-based thinking continue to inform programmatic practices and youth experiences. Furthermore, this study reveals that programs with expansive ideas of youth voice, healing justice, and whole-child approaches to youth development create better opportunities for connection and belonging.
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF A PILED RAFT FOUNDATION
Authors: Al-Mosawi Mosa J. , Fattah Mohammed Y. , Al-Zayadi Abbas A. O.
Published: February 2024

The piled raft is a geotechnical composite construction consisting of three elements: piles, raft and soil.In the design of piled rafts, the load shared between the piles and the raft, and the piles are used up to aload level that can be of the same order of magnitude as the bearing capacity of a comparable singlepile or even greater. Therefore, the piled raft foundation allows reduction of settlements in a veryeconomic way as compared to traditional foundation concepts.This paper presents experimental study to investigate the behavior of piled raft system in sandysoil. A small scale “prototype” model was tested in a sand box with load applied to the system througha compression machine. The settlement was measured at the center of the raft, strain gages were usedto measure the strains and calculate the total load carried by piles. Four configurations of piles (2x1,3x1, 2x2 and 3x2) were tested in the laboratory, in addition to rafts with different sizes. The effects ofpile length, pile diameter, and raft thickness on the load carrying capacity of the piled raft system areincluded in the load-settlement presentation.It was found that the percentage of the load carried by piles to the total applied load of thegroups (2x1, 3x1, 2x2, 3x2) with raft thickness of 5 mm, pile diameter of 9 mm, and pile length of 200mm was 28% , 38% , 56% , 79% , respectively. The percent of the load carried by piles increases withthe increase of number of piles.
CORRELATIONS OF POINT LOAD INDEX AND PULSE VELOCITY WITH THE UNIAXIAL COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FOR ROCKS
Authors: Jabbar Muhammad Abdul
Published: February 2024

Rock engineers widely use the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of rocks in designingsurface and underground structures. The procedure for measuring this rock strength has beenstandardized by both the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) and American Societyfor Testing and Materials (ASTM), Akram and Bakar(2007).In this paper, an experimental study was performed to correlate of Point Load Index ( Is(50))and Pulse Wave Velocity (Vp) to the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of Rocks. The effectof several parameters was studied. Point load test, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) andPulse Wave Velocity (Vp) were used for testing several rock samples with different diameters.The predicted empirical correlations based on various test results indicate that the UCS could beobtained directly from measured (Vp), and then the Index Is(50) can be calculated by backsubstitution.
PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBONS FROM DATE STONES BY CHEMICAL ACTIVATION METHOD USING FeCl3 and ZnCl2 as ACTIVATING AGENTS
Authors: Ahmed Muthanna J.
Published: February 2024

Date stones were used as precursor for the preparation of activated carbons by chemicalactivation with ferric chloride and zinc chloride. The effects of operating conditions representedby the activation time, activation temperature, and impregnation ratio on the yield and adsorptioncapacity towards methylene blue (MB) of prepared activated carbon by ferric chloride activation(FAC) and zinc chloride activation (ZAC) were studied. For FAC, an optimum conditions of 1.25h activation time, 700 °C activation temperature, and 1.5 impregnation ratio gave 185.15 mg/gMB uptake and 47.08 % yield, while for ZAC, 240.77 mg/g MB uptake and 40.46 % yield wereobtained at the optimum conditions of 1.25 h activation time, 500 °C activation temperature, and2 impregnation ratio. The equilibrium data for MB adsorption on prepared activated carbons atoptimum conditions were well represented by the Langmuir isotherm model, giving maximumMB uptake of 304.51 and 387.54 mg/g for FAC and ZAC, respectively. Also, the results showedthat the surface area and iodine number of activated carbon prepared by activation with ferricchloride at optimum conditions were 780.06 m2/g and 761.40 mg/g, respectively. While 1045.61m2/g surface area and 1008.86 mg/g iodine number were obtained for ZAC prepared at optimumconditions.
SOLAR WATER HEATER WITH SHELL AND HELICAL COILED TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER AS A STORAGE TANK
Authors: Amori Karima E. , Mustafa Faiz F. , MAJEED SAHAR
Published: February 2024

In this work an experimental study is performed to evaluate the thermal performanceof locally made closed loop solar hot water system using a shell and helical coiled tubeheat exchanger as a storage tank. Several measurements are taken include inlet and outlettemperatures of both collectors and supply water and temperature distribution within thestorage tank. This is beside the water flow rate in both collectors and load cycle. Themain parameters of the system are obtained.
OPEN CIRCUIT HEAT EXCHANGER DYNAMICS DURING FLOW REDUCTION TRANSIENT IN THEIR SECONDARY LOOPS
Authors: Ezzat Akram. W.
Published: February 2024

An experimental and theoretical analysis was conducted for simulation of open circuit cross flow heatexchanger dynamics during flow reduction transient in their secondary loops. Finite differencemathematical model was prepared to cover the heat transfer mechanism between the hot water in theprimary circuit and the cold water in the secondary circuit during transient course. This model takes underconsideration the effect of water heat up in the secondary circuit due to step reduction of its flow on thephysical and thermal properties linked to the parameters that are used for calculation of heat transfercoefficients on both sides of their tubes. Computer program was prepared for calculation purposes whichcover all the variables that affect such type of transient mechanisms. The effect of the power density inthe primary circuit and the water flow reduction percentage on the average temperature build up of thewater in the primary circuit was investigated. The elapsed time required for the primary circuit averagetemperature to reach a steady state value was also calculated. These calculations were supported withexperimental measurements conducted on a standard cross flow heat exchanger apparatus. Theexperimental results were compared with the theoretical results for certain power density value atdifferent flow reduction percentages which show a reliable agreement. This relative agreement wasnecessary to consider the mathematical model with certain assurance for calculating transient parametersfor higher power densities that are out of apparatus ranges. The results proved that water averagetemperature build up in the primary circuit has sharp tendency when the percentage of flow reduction inthe secondary circuit reach 25% of its nominal values.
Satisfaction Determinant and The Implication of Employee Retention
Authors: Khosi'ah Mar'atul , Pudjiarti Emiliana Sri , Sutarlan Sulistyani
Published: February 2024

This study aims to examine the effect of the work environment and the involvement of temporary employees on employee retention and to examine the effect of the mediating variable on job satisfaction. The object of research is DINDAGKOP UKM in Demak Regency. The method of collecting data is through a survey on 119 honorary employees of DINDAGKOP UKM. Sampling using nonprobability sampling. The results of the study explain that the work environment and employee engagement do not affect employee retention, but the work environment and employee engagement have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is a mediating variable of the relationship between the work environment and employee engagement on employee retention. This research implies that the human capital unit must have an employee retention plan, not only focusing on personnel administration by ignoring employee retention because it will have a bad impact on the organization. Because employee turnover increases, it will have an impact on work discomfort and can reduce employee work performance.
The genesis of the legalization of interest in the Russian state
Authors: Belousov Nikolay , Birzhev Zaurbiy , Markhgeym Marina , Stus Angelina , Fedorov Maxim
Published: February 2024

The relevance of the appeal to the problems of interests is mediated by their imperative characteristic as an element of the structure of the legal status of subjects of various legal nature. The authors analyzed the normative legal acts of the Soviet period in order to identify the diversity of interests in them. As a result, a variable-chronological line of interests of the declared period is presented.
The view of times presented by “Di” culture in Tang Poetry and Han Fu
Authors: Weijian Weijian
Published: February 2024

“Di” culture has a history of nearly 9,000 years in China. As an important instrument of “rites and music” in past dynasties, it has become one of the symbols of civilization and culture. “Di”, as one of the carriers, embodied the social trend of thought, individual concept and humanistic spirit with the characteristics of the times in the poems and songs of the Han and Tang dynasties.
Historical parallels the Russian Food Security Doctrine: comparative analysis
Authors: Naumov Yuri , Chernogor Irina , Faibusovich Konstantin
Published: February 2024

In this article, the authors consider the possibilities of strategic planning with a focus on the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, as well as a comparison of the doctrines of 2010 and 2020. It should be noted that in case of further improvement of the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to provide for changes in the methods of assessingfood security of the Russian Federation.
Analyzing Reward Dynamics and Decentralization in Ethereum 2.0: An Advanced Data Engineering Workflow and Comprehensive Datasets for Proof-of-Stake Incentives
Authors: Yan Tao , Li Shengnan , Kraner Benjamin , Zhang Luyao , Tessone Claudio J.
Published: February 2024

Ethereum 2.0, as the preeminent smart contract blockchain platform, guarantees the precise execution of applications without third-party intervention. At its core, this system leverages the Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, which utilizes a stochastic process to select validators for block proposal and validation, consequently rewarding them for their contributions. However, the implementation of blockchain technology often diverges from its central tenet of decentralized consensus, presenting significant analytical challenges. Our study collects consensus reward data from the Ethereum Beacon chain and conducts a comprehensive analysis of reward distribution and evolution, categorizing them into attestation, proposer, and sync committee rewards. To evaluate the degree of decentralization in PoS Ethereum, we apply several inequality indices, including the Shannon entropy, the Gini Index, the Nakamoto Coefficient, and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI). Our comprehensive dataset is publicly available on Harvard Dataverse, and our analytical methodologies are accessible via GitHub, promoting open-access research. Additionally, we provide insights on utilizing our data for future investigations focused on assessing, augmenting, and refining the decentralization, security, and efficiency of blockchain systems.
The role of intergroup interaction in dehumanizing another person: experimental research
Authors: Berks Ela A
Published: February 2024

The role of intergroup interaction in dehumanizing another person:experimental study: 68 pages, 3 hours, 1 table, 9 figures, 2 appendices, 44 sources.KEY WORDS: DEHUMANIZATION, DEBATE, INTERGROUPINTERACTION, COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY,PSYCHODYNAMIC THERAPY.The proposed study contains a detailed study of the role of intergroupinteraction in the dehumanization of another person. In studying dehumanization, mostresearchers attach great importance to the analysis of ethnic, religious andsocial differences and little focus on interaction within alreadyformed groups. Students are involved in this experimental studymaster's degree, who chose different directions: psychodynamic andcognitive behavioral therapy. Modern researchers, unfortunately, bypass itpsychoanalytic approach, considering the phenomenon of dehumanization, although this phenomenonis formed at the intersection of the conscious and the unconscious. Therefore, in the current workan attempt was made to understand this phenomenon through the psychoanalytic paradigm ofusing qualitative and quantitative methods, namely: observation,experiment and questionnaire.As a result of the conducted research, it was possible to conclude thatrepresentatives of the mentioned areas are subject to experimentation in different waysinfluence: there are more representatives of the cognitive-behavioral directiondehumanize in the control sample and less dehumanize inexperimental, and representatives of the psychodynamic direction are almost notexposed to influences. The obtained results lead to further studydehumanization and intergroup interaction, and encourage detailedstudying the differences between cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamicparadigms.
Consistent social odor representation across seven languages: the Social Odor Scale translation and validation
Authors: Cecchetto Cinzia , Leleu Arnaud , calce Roberta Pia , Arnhardt Sally , Parma Valentina , de Groot Jasper H. B. , Freiherr Jessica , Gentili Claudio , Zou Laiquan , Thunell Evelina , Fischmeister Florian Ph.S , Rekow Diane , Dal Bò Elisa
Published: February 2024

The Social Odor Scale (SOS) is a 12-item questionnaire initially developed and validated in Italian and German to investigate awareness of social odors, which are odors emanating from the human body that convey diverse information and evoke various emotional responses. The scale includes a total score and three subscales representing social odors in the respective categories: romantic partner, familiar, and strangers. Here we aimed to replicate the validation of Italian and German versions of the SOS, to translate and validate the SOS into multiple additional languages (French, English, Dutch, Swedish, Chinese), and to explore whether the factor structure of each translated version aligns with the original versions. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supported the scale’s structure, yielding a good fit across all languages. Notable differences in SOS mean scores were observed among the different languages: Swedish participants exhibited lower social odor awareness compared to the other groups, whereas Chinese participants reported higher social odor awareness compared to Dutch and Swedish participants. Further, SOS scores correlated with respondents’ geographical location, with higher (i.e., northern) latitudes linked to lower social odor awareness. These results corroborate the SOS as a valid and reliable instrument, especially for the SOS total score and Familiar and Stranger factors, emphasizing the influence of individual factors and geographic location on social odor awareness.
Fluctuations in sequential many-alternative decisions reveal strategies beyond immediate reward maximisation
Authors: Vidal Alice
Published: February 2024

Humans are strategic animals. We constantly make prospective choices, allocating limited resources in situations of uncertain, future outcomes. The management of our finite monthly budget, financial investments, or the allocation of time to the different questions in an exam are just a few examples. In these scenarios, both decision-making and resource allocation tend to fluctuate over time even under invariable set of constraints. However, it is unclear whether these fluctuations affect performance and whether they underlie additional objectives beyond pure reward maximisation. We address these questions using the breadth-depth dilemma, a novel ecological protocol where participants engage in sequential multiple-choice scenarios characterised by limited capacity. We designed two experimental environments. In one environment, optimal performance, formalised with an ideal allocator model, is associated with homogeneous resource allocation across consecutive choices. In contrast, the other environment entails that fluctuating resource allocation leads to greater expected rewards. Our study evaluates participants' adherence to these scenarios and measures fluctuations as deviation from homogeneous allocations. The results revealed that participants’ behaviour fluctuates more than optimal, but critically, behavioural fluctuations adapt to the available capacity and the environmental context. Moreover, our findings unveil pronounced sequential strategies, such as save-for-later and reward history-dependent choice, further implying that these strategies contribute to decision variability. An extension of the optimal allocator model showed that the characteristic excess fluctuation is driven by entropy seeking, the pursuit of information-gain and risk avoidance. Although having a modest impact on performance, these strategies may reflect advantageous behaviours in the long run under ever changing real-world environments.
Investigating the Effect of Strategy Use on Verbal Paired-Associate Learning
Authors: Martinez David
Published: February 2024

Paired-associate tasks are used in basic research investigating human memory and in applied work investigating memory dysfunction. Prior research suggests that individuals vary in their use of strategies and that some strategies are more effective than others but there is little work investigating how strategy use affects what is measured by paired-associate tasks. In two studies, I investigated whether the predictive validities of fluid intelligence and working memory capacity differ as a consequence of using elaborative or non-elaborative strategies in paired-associate learning. Additionally, I attempted to replicate prior work investigating individual differences in spontaneous strategy use as well as the effect of strategy use on paired-associate learning performance. In Study 1, I found that most individuals used elaborative strategies, however, roughly 1 in 8 participants primarily used non-elaborative strategies. Across all studies, individuals using elaborative strategies significantly outperformed those using non-elaborative strategies in paired-associative learning. The effect of strategy use on the validities of the predictors was more ambiguous. In one study (Study 2), strategy use did not appear to moderate the relationships between the predictors and paired-associate learning. In Study 3, which used a different set of stimuli, strategy use did appear to moderate the relationship between the predictors and paired-associate learning. Differences in results may be due to the different stimuli used across studies but more research is needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.
An asynchronous, automated workflow for looking time experiments with infants
Authors: Raz Gal , Piccolo Sabrina Hsiao-Ling , Medrano Janine A , Liu Shari , Lydic Kirsten , Mei Catherine , Nguyen Victoria , Shu Tianmin , Saxe Rebecca
Published: February 2024

The study of infant gaze has long been a key tool for understanding the developing mind. However, labor-intensive data collection and processing limit the speed at which this understanding can be advanced. Here, we demonstrate a fully asynchronous, automated workflow for conducting Violation-of-Expectation (VoE) experiments. We first replicate four classic VoE experiments in a synchronous online setting, and show that VoE can generate highly replicable effects through remote testing. We then confirm the accuracy of a state-of-the- art gaze annotation software, iCatcher+ in a new setting. Third, we train parents to control the experiment flow based on the infant's gaze. Combining all three innovations, we then conduct an asynchronous automated infant-contingent VoE experiment. The automatic workflow successfully replicates a classic VoE effect: infants look longer at inefficient actions than efficient ones. We compare the resulting effect size and statistical power to the same study run in-lab and synchronously via Zoom. The automated workflow significantly reduces the marginal cost and time per participant, enabling larger sample sizes. By enhancing the reproducibility and robustness of findings relying on infant looking, this workflow could help support a cumulative science of infant cognition. Tools to implement the workflow are openly available.
Linking Actions and Memories: Probing the Interplay of Action-Effect Congruency, Agency Experience, and Recognition Memory
Authors: Schreiner Marcel Raphael , Feustel Shenna , Kunde Wilfried
Published: February 2024

Adult humans experience agency when their action causes certain events (sense of agency). Moreover, they can later remember what these events were (memory). Here we investigate how the relationship between actions and events shapes agency experience and memory for the corresponding events. Participants performed actions which produced stimuli that were either congruent or incongruent to the action while memory of these stimuli was probed in a recognition test. Additionally, predictability of the effect was manipulated in Experiment 1 by using either randomly interleaved or blocked ordering of action-congruent and action-incongruent events. In Experiment 2, the size of the action space was manipulated by allowing participants to choose between three or six possible responses. The results indicated a heightened sense of agency following congruent compared to incongruent trials, with this effect being increased given a larger available action space, as well as a greater sense of agency given higher predictability of the effect. Recognition memory was better for stimuli presented in congruent compared to incongruent trials, with no discernible effects of effect predictability or the size of the action space. The results point towards a joint influence of predictive and postdictive processes on agency experience and suggest a link between control and memory. The partial dissociation of influences on agency experience and memory cast doubt on a mediating role of agency experience on the relationship between action-effect congruency and memory. Theoretical accounts for this relationship are discussed.
All Crises are Unhappy in their Own Way: The role of societal instability in shaping the past
Authors: Hoyer Daniel , Holder Samantha Louise , Bennett James S , François Pieter , Whitehouse Harvey , Covey Alan , Feinman Gary , Korotayev Andrey , Vustiuzhanin Vadim , Preiser-Kapeller Johannes , Bard Kathryn , Levine Jill , Reddish Jenny , Orlandi Georg , Ainsworth Rachel , Turchin Peter
Published: February 2024

Societal ‘crises’ are periods of turmoil and destabilization in socio-cultural, political, economic, and other systems, often accompanied by varying amounts of violence and sometimes significant changes in social structure. The extensive literature analyzing societal crises has concentrated on relatively few historical examples (large-scale events such the fall of the Roman Empire or the French and Russian Revolutions) emphasizing different aspects of these events as potential causes or consistent effects. To investigate crises and prior approaches to explaining them, and to avoid a potential small-sample size bias present in several previous studies, we sought to uniformly characterize a substantial collection of historical crises, spanning millennia, from the prehistoric to post-industrial, and afflicting a wide range of polities in diverse global regions; the Crisis Database (CrisisDB). Here, we describe this dataset which comprises 168 crises suggested by historians and characterized by a number of significant 'consequences' (such as civil war, epidemics, or loss of population) including also institutional and cultural reforms (for example improved sufferance or constitutional changes) that might occur during and immediately following the crisis period. Our analyses show that the consequences experienced by each crisis is highly variable. The outcomes themselves are uncorrelated with one another and, overall, the set of consequences is largely unpredictable when compared to other large-scale properties of society suggested by previous scholars such as its territorial size, religion, administrative size, or historical recency. We conclude that there is no ‘typical’ societal crisis of the past, but crisis situations can take a variety of different directions. We offer some suggestions on the forces that might drive these varying consequences for exploration in future work.
Economic Impacts of Real Estate in Nepal
Authors: Chandra Prasad Dhakal
Published: February 2024

Real estate is one of the important economic sectors of Nepal around 90 national properties covered by real estate. In this context, the study analyzes the how real estate play's role in national economy and economic activities in Nepal. Main objective of this study is to analyze the economic impacts on real estate business in Nepal. The study follows the qualitative research design and used both primary and secondary source of the data. Primary data were collected from in depth interview with respondents and secondary data were collected through library research. Books, articles, journals, government reports and thesis were the main source of secondary data. Conclusion of this is based on the analysis of both primary and secondary data. Traditional concept about property, global influence, high flow of remittance and government policy play importance role in real estate business. Each of the economic activities of Nepal is influenced by real estate business.