bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Varlam Shalamov’s Kolyma Tales
Authors: Klots Yasha
Published: September 2023

This chapter traces the itinerary of the first manuscript of Varlam Shalamov's Kolyma Tales from Moscow to New York, based on archival findings. It analyzes the work's reception abroad, in particular vis-à-vis Solzhenitsyn's Ivan Denisovich, which seems to have overshadowed most other texts on the gulag since its momentous publication in Russia in 1962. In contrast to Solzhenitsyn's pioneering work on the topic published in gosizdat, it was the formal(ist) orchestration of the topic in Shalamov's “new prose,” defined by the author as neither memoirs, nor short stories, nor even literature as such, but as “prose suffered through like a document” [proza, vystradannaia kak document]. This remained virtually inaccessible to the Russian émigré community of the old generation, who lacked sufficient familiarity with the Soviet vernacular, let alone a firsthand experience of the gulag, where much of this language and Soviet culture had been tempered. With Kolyma Tales as a case study, the chapter revisits the traditional dichotomy between official and underground fields of Russian literature in the late 1960s and 1970s, with tamizdat as their common denominator.
Wars, Crimes, and Justice in the Balkans
Authors: Kostovicova Denisa
Published: September 2023

This chapter situates the Regional Commission for Establishing the Facts about War Crimes and Other Gross Violations of Human Rights Committed on the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia from January 1, 1991 to December 31, 2001 (RECOM) initiative within its historical and political context. The chapter opens with an overview of the wars fought in the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s and early 2000s. It then examines postconflict transitional justice efforts, and how these promoted ethnocentric justice in the post-Yugoslav states in the Balkans. As the chapter highlights, this distortion of transitional justice prompted the emergence of the RECOM initiative as a civil society-led, victim-focused, and regional transitional justice process. The chapter also details the consultations held by RECOM, including its recruitment of a wide range of participants from all ethnic groups. It investigates the pressures RECOM faced, both from participants within the process and from outside the process, including the representatives of post-Yugoslav states as well as members of broader civil societies. The chapter points out the gap in our understanding of the RECOM consultation process and its contribution to repairing interethnic relations.
Introduction
Authors: Jackson Galen
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the diplomacy of the Arab–Israeli dispute during the 1967–79 period. It closely investigates how much weight, in practice, these sorts of considerations carry in shaping US and Soviet policies in the period that followed the June 1967 Middle East war. By using the Middle East as a kind of window, the chapter aims to comprehend why Washington and Moscow ultimately could not reach a fundamental accommodation during this period of the Cold War. The chapter seeks to understand why the superpowers were unable to cooperate for Arab–Israeli peace, which might have served as the touchstone of a genuine US–Soviet détente. To solve this puzzle, the chapter first discusses whether US and Soviet decision makers did, in fact, consider a comprehensive Arab–Israeli agreement a desirable outcome, one that they believed would safeguard their most important political interests. And second, if they did, the chapter aims to find out why they failed to achieve that objective—to understand, in other words, what other factors came into play to prevent that shared interest in Middle East peace from resulting in a stable settlement.
Waiting for 1973
Authors: Jackson Galen
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the offer that Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko presented. Although Moscow had initially been unwilling to abandon its Cold War strategy of supporting the Arabs, the chapter notes that it now wanted to cooperate with Washington. The Soviets, in effect, had accepted the Americans' terms. And the Americans were bound to be interested in what the Soviets had put on the table. To be sure, the chapter considers some important issues that still had to be ironed out. Although it would be going too far to say that everything had fallen into place in the Middle East, the chapter underlines that the two sides were now substantially in alignment. It then explores why a settlement did not occur. The chapter asks several questions: Were the Soviets unsuccessful in convincing the Arabs, particularly Sadat, to agree with their proposals? Did Richard Nixon, due to his past disappointment with USSR policy, see the Middle East mainly through the lens of the Cold War, leading him to be unwilling to cooperate with Moscow? Considering the upcoming 1972 election, the chapter investigates whether the president avoided pressuring Israel for domestic political reasons. If that was the case, it also discusses how he intended to handle this constraint.
“The Maximum Anti-Soviet Policy”
Authors: Jackson Galen
Published: September 2023

This chapter emphasizes that Gerald Ford chose to retain Henry Kissinger as both his secretary of state and national security adviser. It discusses the widespread perception in 1974 of the essential correctness of Kissinger's approach to Arab–Israeli peacemaking in the United States. The chapter then follows how the step-by-step approach appeared to have broken down, mainly, in the view of Ford and Kissinger by the spring of 1975. As a result, the chapter uncovers how the administration seriously considered trying for a comprehensive settlement, even though doing so would necessitate a major US–Israeli confrontation. For its part, Moscow, was still eager to cooperate with Washington, and its substantive views on a settlement remained in line with what the Americans had in mind. The chapter aims to understand why the Americans were actively excluding the Soviets from negotiations and undermining Moscow's influence in the Middle East. It raises important questions: Was a comprehensive peace agreement unattainable in 1975 because the key players involved were unwilling to accept a fair settlement? Did the Ford administration encounter significant domestic political limitations that they couldn't overcome?
Conclusion
Authors: Jackson Galen
Published: September 2023

This chapter shows important implications for how scholars should think about this period of the Cold War. It underlines that the standard explanation for that outcome was based on certain assumptions about the philosophy upon which the US détente policy was supposedly based. The chapter then explains how the United States ultimately failed to develop the sort of businesslike relationship with the Soviet Union that might have created a more stable foundation for the international system as a whole. It shows how the Soviets, at least from the middle of 1971 on, were interested in working with the Americans on a comprehensive Arab–Israeli settlement, and their peace terms were basically the same as Washington's. The chapter emphasizes that the main reason that the superpowers could not cooperate in the Middle East had to do with US, rather than USSR, policy. Ultimately, the chapter stresses that the level of political skill and tactical competence that various US decision makers demonstrated played a key role in shaping the degree to which the domestic factor came into play. It sheds light on some of the most basic issues that concern scholars of international relations: the whole question of how international politics fundamentally works and the all-important normative matter of how foreign policy ought to be conducted.
“Fourth Walk”—The Virtue of Truthfulness
Authors: Pangle Thomas L.
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses the Fourth Walk in Jean-Jacques Rousseau's The Reveries, which begins in the present tense but quickly moves to the narrative past tense. It explains what occasioned the intensely reasoned self examination that the Solitary Walker will proceed to describe himself as having engaged in during and subsequent to his walk, promising a record of a train of thought from an actual previous day's walk. It also talks about how the Solitary Walker does not leave his head entirely free and allow his ideas to follow their bent without resistance and obstacle. The chapter reports a thinking that is by no means a spontaneous outpouring of thematically unsequential ideas and have little connection with the ideas of the day before. It confirms whether Rousseau is not vastly ballooning the meaning of the category reverie as he squeezes into that genus his sustained, intense, self-critical, and philosophical reflections.
“8”—Renewed Self-Exploration
Authors: Pangle Thomas L.
Published: September 2023

This chapter details how the Solitary Walker presents himself in a sweet conversation with his soul that articulates an abrupt quasi-dialectical rebound from the Seventh Walk in Jean-Jacques Rousseau's The Reveries. It shifts the rebound from a focus on the outward activity of the Solitary Walker's expansiveness soul to a focus on his inward self-concentration and the happiness he thus enjoys. It also reviews the conspicuous eclipse of the long-ago reveries of intense sentiment of Rousseau's own existence that the Solitary Walker had described so vividly in the Fifth Walk. The chapter explores how the conspicuous eclipse was affected by a stress on sensual aesthetic botanizing that is conceived no longer as a complement to those reveries but instead as a replacement for them. It addresses the question of the Solitary Walker on what enabled him to find serenity, tranquility, peace, and even happiness in a deplorable state.
Reason Strikes Back
Authors: Trombley Justine L.
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on the recently rediscovered Padua, Biblioteca universitaria di Padova, MS 1647 and gives the first in-depth analysis of its contents. This manuscript, like MS Vat. lat. 4953, contains a number of refuted errors taken from a Latin translation of Marguerite Porete's The Mirror of Simple Souls but takes a decidedly canon-legal approach to its refutations and employs vitriolic rhetoric that paints the Mirror as diabolical. It is the only known polemic written against the Mirror and it represents the strongest attack against it outside of its condemnations in Valenciennes and Paris and, in its rhetoric and detail at least, surpasses even those iconic events in the Mirror's history. The uniqueness of the text becomes even more important when considered in the context of its origins. While it exists only in a fifteenth-century copy, it was very likely first composed in the early fourteenth century, quite close in time to—perhaps even contemporarily with or before—the Mirror's two condemnations and Marguerite Porete's execution.
Conclusion
Authors: Trombley Justine L.
Published: September 2023

This concluding chapter reflects on how Marguerite Porete's The Mirror of Simple Souls defied categorization and remained controversial well beyond the events of 1310. A detailed examination of manuscript evidence demonstrates that, alongside its widespread positive reception, there was a parallel reception of the Mirror—especially in its Latin version—that was one of opposition and condemnation. To many readers, the Mirror was a dangerous and heretical book. These attacks came in many forms: public denunciations in sermons; bans, inquisitions, and confiscations; the physical destruction of the Mirror in the Laud codex; the theological refutations of the Vatican list; and the viciously expressed legal polemic of the Paduan text. Each case reveals something important about the Mirror, and illuminating this dark side of the Mirror has crucial implications for how we perceive not just that work but also Marguerite Porete, heretical texts, and the broader landscape of heresy and orthodoxy in the late Middle Ages.
Seekers
Authors: Wilber Tom
Published: September 2023

This chapter recalls how Glenn Munn's body was reclaimed from the glacier atop Mount Mendel that Tim Caza and John McLaughlin searched for the grave of Keith Ponder and crew at the bottom of Lake Ontario. The chapter follows how the pair proceeded with their dive at a point several miles off the southeast shore, guided by a grainy sonar image suggesting a craft with features of a B-24 was mostly buried in sediment. Though similar in blue-collar backgrounds and Oswego County upbringing, the chapter unfolds how McLaughlin and Caza had arrived at this point from divergent paths. Caza, from the time of his youth, was driven by the simple promise of discovery. In an age when oceans had been crossed, continents mapped, mountains climbed, and celestial bodies explored, the chapter tells that the retired UPS worker was one of very few souls who, through his own ingenuity and perseverance, could still go, or at least see, where no living individuals had been. For his part, McLaughlin, the retired volunteer fire chief, had begun diving as a young emergency medical technician for the Brewerton Fire Department on the Oswego River. The chapter highlights that Caza was the provider of technology that enabled the search, and McLaughlin was the keeper of the story that compelled it.
Misplaced Memory
Authors: Wilber Tom
Published: September 2023

This chapter recounts the author's visit to the Charles Himes cottage, focused on finding correspondence and photos from the crew's families. Reference to these in newspaper accounts from 1944 had hinted at what the families had endured—or in one instance failed to endure—as the grand hope of their boys being found alive succumbed to the modest expectation that their bodies would be recovered. The chapter emphasizes that it is difficult to conjure events that have drifted to the fringes of conscious memory or pay homage to a tomb that can't be found. Yet, as the chapter argues, it is safe to say that in 1944, the memory of Gertie's crew was painfully fresh and diligently tended by mothers and fathers, sisters and brothers, their grief anchored to a uniquely human compulsion to know how and where things came to an end, and lay to rest the bodies of their loved ones. Nearly eighty years later, the story of Gertie waits to be made whole. The chapter considers the exhaustive administrative process for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Lake Ontario Marine Sanctuary. The sanctuary designation, would, according to the final assessment from NOAA, “provide a national stage for promoting heritage tourism and recreation” and “ensure future generations can learn about and explore these underwater treasures.”
Reflexive Control
Authors: Rindzevičiūtė Eglė
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on the orchestration of scientific prediction in secretive and securitized contexts. It presents the case of Russian reflexive control, a Cold War strategic framework for decisions that sought to make the opponent—the West—more predictable and deceivable. Created by Vladimir Lefebvre in the 1960s, reflexive control theory became a fundamental component of Russian military strategic and operational action. The chapter details the trajectory of reflexive control as an epistemological attempt to tackle the problem of reflexivity that has been associated with unpredictability, ungovernability, and uncertainty. While harnessing reflexivity proved to be utopian from the cognitive science perspective, reflexive control theory survived as a conceptual tool to legitimize deception, used, for instance, by the Russian authorities during the annexation of Crimea and the war in Ukraine.
Surgical vs. transcatheter arotic valve replacement in patients over 75 years with aortic stenosis: sociodemographic profile, clinical characteristics, quality of life and functionality
Authors: Fradejas-Sastre Víctor , Parás-Bravo Paula , Herrero-Montes Manuel , Paz-Zulueta María , Boixadera-Planas Ester , Fernández-Cacho Luis Manuel , Veiga-Fernández Gabriela , Arnáiz-García Maria Elena , De-la-Torre-Hernández Jose María
Published: September 2023

Background

Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) affects 25% of the population over 65 years. At present, there is no curative medical treatment for AVS and therefore the surgical approach, consisting of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), is the treatment of choice.

Methodology

The aim of this study was to analyze the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, quality of life and functionality of a sample of patients with AVS over 75 years of age, who underwent TAVR or SAVR, applying standard clinical practice. A prospective multicenter observational study was conducted in two hospitals of the Spanish National Health System. Data were collected at baseline, 1, 6 months and 1 year.

Results

In total, 227 participants were included, with a mean age of 80.6 [SD 4.1]. Statistically significant differences were found in terms of quality of life, which was higher at 1 year in patients who underwent SAVR. In terms of functionality, SAVR patients obtained a better score (p < 0.01). However, patients who underwent TAVR began with a worse baseline situation and managed to increase their quality of life and functionality after 1 year of follow-up.

Conclusion

The individualized choice of TAVR or SAVR in patients with AVS improves patients’ quality of life and function. Moreover, the TAVR procedure in patients with a worse baseline situation and a high surgical risk achieved a similar increase in quality of life and functionality compared to patients undergoing SAVR with a better baseline situation.
Competências relacionadas a adaptação/flexibilidade necessárias para a Indústria 4.0: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Guerlinguer Thaiane Karine , Picinin Claudia Tania , Pinto Guilherme Moreira Caetano , Migacz Izabel Pietczak
Published: September 2023

O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar um conjunto de competências de adaptabilidade necessárias aos trabalhadores da indústria 4.0. O método utilizado neste estudo foi a revisão sistemática. Para tal, listou-se os artigos sobre Indústria 4.0, soft skills e hard skills na base Scopus através de busca realizada no dia sete de outubro de 2021. Foram encontrados 275 artigos para aplicação das etapas de elegibilidade. Os trabalhos que não apresentaram conteúdo referente à pesquisa foram descartados seguindo os seguintes critérios: (a) Ter foco exclusivamente na Indústria 4.0; (b) ter foco apenas em competências, sem relacionar com a Indústria 4.0; (c) não ter foco em ambos. Além disso, selecionou-se apenas artigos que citavam pelo menos uma das cinco competências relacionadas à adaptabilidade. O número final totalizou 40 artigos. Os principais resultados foram: (a) As palavras chaves mais relevantes no portfólio foram Industry 4.0, com 15 citações (30%), seguida por Industrial Revolutions com 10 (20%) e por Human Resource Management com 7 (14%). (c) No cenário 1 os temas base eram Industry 4.0, Industrial Revolutions, e os temas principais eram Manufacture, Manufacturing Process e Personnel. (d) No cenário 2 os temas de base são Human Resource Management, Industry 4.0 e Embedded Systems. (e) As competências relacionadas a adaptação necessárias para a Indústria 4.0 foram: capacidade de resolver desafios complexos, adaptabilidade, flexibilidade para adaptar novas funções e ambientes de trabalho e pensamento adaptativo. Conclui-se que a adaptabilidade do colaborador vai um elemento importante na indústria 4.0, e exigirá capacitação de estudantes e trabalhadores.
Refletindo a gestão de pessoas no setor público: um ensaio teórico
Authors: Bastos Rosária Cal , De Loreto Maria das Dores Saraiva
Published: September 2023

O mundo está em constante mudança, o que tem levado a administração pública a buscar novas formas de gestão com o intuito de melhorar o desempenho dos seus servidores, além de alcançar bons resultados institucionais. Essas formas incluem, como por exemplo: treinamento e desenvolvimento; capacitação do servidor, comunicação com o servidor e qualidade de vida no trabalho, garantido, assim, a eficiência e eficácia organizacional. O presente ensaio teórico tem por objetivo refletir sobre a gestão de pessoas no setor público, bem como analisar os principais modelos de gestão de pessoas utilizados. Para a realização do presente estudo foi utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica, que traz propostas atuais que estão sendo adaptadas na Administração Pública. No referencial teórico foi apresentado discussão sobre a Administração Pública Brasileira Contemporânea, Gestão de Pessoas no setor público e os modelos de Gestão de Pessoas. A pesquisa destaca, ainda, o grande desafio do setor público, na busca de um modelo de gestão de pessoas que valorize o capital humano e social dos servidores dentro da organização. Assim, são apontadas algumas questões recorrentes que norteiam diversos modelos de gestão de pessoas em sua busca por eficiência e eficácia no âmbito da Administração Pública. Por meio das reflexões trazidas por este ensaio é possível inferir que o elo entre servidor, gestor e organização deva ser contínuo, para que haja aprendizagem e conhecimento por todos os lados. Assim todos têm a ganhar, o servidor valorizado passa assumir uma corresponsabilidade pela organização, em contrapartida o gestor consegue atingir resultados desejados com a participação dos servidores, levando a Administração Pública adquiri eficiência e eficácia para adaptar-se aos novos desafios e assim prestar um serviço público digno à sociedade. Entretanto, o processo de Gestão de Pessoas no setor público ainda se encontra com limitações que a legislação impõe, mas acredita-se que possa ser melhorado à medida em que a administração pública consiga configurar um modelo próprio de gestão. Espera-se, portanto, que o ensaio possa instigar uma reflexão e contribuir para o debate sobre o tema. É importante ressaltar que, este trabalho não pretendeu, e nem seria plausível, esgotar o tema, tendo em vista os vastos aspectos que rodeiam a gestão de pessoas no âmbito da administração pública. Há ainda muito que se explorar sobre o assunto, pois é preciso que as pessoas, a sociedade e o Governo repensem seu papel como atores atuantes no processo que interfere, direta ou indiretamente, na dinâmica da Gestão de Pessoas no setor público. Assim, sugere-se que sejam ampliadas as pesquisas futuras, voltadas à gestão de pessoas no âmbito da administração pública, abordando temas como: clima e cultura, liderança e motivação, capacitação e qualificação, avaliação de desempenho, satisfação e qualidade de vida no trabalho entre outros.
Qualifications, capacity of vietnamese commune-level civil servants
Authors: Anh Kieu Quynh , Tung Le Son
Published: September 2023

In Vietnam, local government consists of three levels: provincial, district, and commune-level. The commune-level government is the lowest level, acting as an apparatus that directly implements the State’s policies and laws to the people. Therefore, the work results of commune-level civil servants play an important role, affirming the effectiveness of management activities and the prestige of government agencies. However, the process of performing the duties of commune-level civil servants is affected by many factors, affecting their work results and managers need to pay attention to take appropriate measures to promote their forte of civil servants. This study mentions two main factors affecting the work results of commune-level civil servants: qualifications and working capacity of civil servants. The author conducted a survey of 250 leaders of commune-level government agencies in 3 provinces representing 3 regions of Vietnam: Bac Ninh province (North region), Ha Tinh province (Central region), Bac Lieu province (Southern region). Research results show that local leaders rate civil servants as meeting the requirements on qualifications and competence according to title standards, but underestimate the practical capacity of commune-level civil servants. From the results of this study, the author suggests appropriate policy issues for localities to promote the capacity of commune-level civil servants to serve the civil service.
Aplicabilidade da realidade virtual para tratamento em indivíduos com o Transtorno de Espectro Autista com déficits em habilidades sociais e/ou cognitivas: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Scamati Vagner , Cantorani José Roberto Herrera , Picinin Claudia Tania
Published: September 2023

Os indivíduos portadores de Transtorno de Espectro Autista (TEA) experimentam muitas barreiras para o seu desenvolvimento, sobretudo em relação à aquisição e ao progresso de habilidades sociais e/ou cognitivas que impactam na rotina e no comportamento cotidiano destes individuos. Esta pesquisa de revisão sistemática da literatura teve como objetivo analisar os estudos e mostrar o contexto da aplicação alternativa da tecnologia de Realidade Virtual (RV) como auxílio terapêutico no processo de tratamento de indivíduos com TEA e déficits de habilidades sociais e/ou cognitivas. Foi utilizado a metodologia Methodi Ordinatio para esta revisão sistemática que pelos critérios de elegibilidade classificou 20 artigos finais para a avaliação. Com a presente pesquisa foi constatado que, mediante a evolução tecnológica, a aplicabilidade das características da RV, além de trazer benefícios para o avanço no campo das habilidades em indivíduos com TEA tem se mostrado eficaz, conveniente e muito promissora.
Las infancias afectadas por la violencia vicaria: la urgencia de su tipificación
Authors: Suárez Viviana Castellanos , Alcaide Carlos Villagrasa , García Yazmín Isolda Álvarez
Published: September 2023

La violencia vicaria, es aquella perpetrada cuando un progenitor convierte en víctima de la violencia a un hijo o una hija con el fin de causar dolor y sometimiento al otro progenitor, causando menoscabo en los menores, el presente trabajo expone las consecuencias de esta violencia, al conocer el estado actual de su estudio y tipificación, desde el punto de vista psicosocial y legal. Se contextualiza este tipo de violencia y su reflexión, señalando el estado actual de su normatividad, consecuencias y las áreas de pronta atención. No debería existir ningún motivo que cause infancias afectadas, por lo que es preciso identificar los daños que se causan a los menores de edad, lo que permite atenderlos, y también poderlos prevenir.
Effect of Audit Quality on Value Relevance of Accounting Earnings of Manufacturing Companies Listed in Nigerian Exchange Group
Authors: Ndubuisi Odoemelam , Henry Wobo O. , Juliet Ojims
Published: September 2023

The study investigates the effect of audit quality on the relationship between accounting earnings and share prices of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The current research uses secondary data extracted from 19 sample companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX), from 2006 to 2021. Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) are used to estimate the results. The findings reveal that earnings per share (EPS) statistically significantly and positively impact the share price of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The results also indicate that book value per share does not significantly explain the variations in share price. Interestingly, findings show that the moderating role of audit quality has a greater interaction effect with book value per share of quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Finally, the results also show that earnings per share and book value per share have a combined significant effect on the share price of quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study has valuable insights and implications for shareholders, board members, practitioners, academicians, and policymakers. Further, the study contributes to the current literature by investigating the impact of audit quality on the relationship between accounting earnings and the share price of manufacturing companies. The agency, shareholders, and stakeholder theories support the findings, which contribute to a better understanding of the role of audit quality in the value relevance of accounting earnings information.  We recommend among others the need for quality auditing of financial statements of companies to enhance financial performance.
Comparison between CT-Scan Finding and Operative Finding of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis Undergoing Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Attallah Laith Mahmood , Bakir Saud Salim , Abdulridha Mohammed Zaki Salim
Published: September 2023

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis is a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and Paranasal sinuses for at least 12 consecutive weeks. It is a common clinical problem that has a significant impact on quality of life. CT-scan has become the modality of choice for assessment of CRS and Endoscopic sinus surgery is a minimally invasive technique and the surgical management of choice for chronic rhinosinusitis.

The Aim of this Study: To verify the agreement and associations between preoperative CT-scan and intraoperative ESS findings in patients with CRS and to evaluate the types and frequency of anatomical variants in the nasal fossa and paranasal sinuses as well as their clinical correlations in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Patients and Methods: This study is experimental study in which 50 subjects were collected by simple randomization technique as they visited our department in a period from January to December 2015. All the participants were guided to conduct a coronal, axial, and sagittal CT scan of the nose and paranasal sinuses before functional endoscopic sinus surgery. The anatomical variations and mucosal abnormalities on CT Scan & ESS were studied and analyzed.

Results: Septal deviation is the most common anatomical abnormality, 37(74%) of the participants have these abnormalities. The presence of agar nasi cells 34(68%), and chonca bullosa 28(56%) are the second and third most common anatomical variants found on CT-scan images. There is a high level of agreement between both the diagnostic tools at the high numbers of both positive and negative results for each abnormal finding.

Conclusions: There was a good correlation between CT and ESS findings and there was a slight difference between the diagnostic characteristics of these different tools.
Comparison of the Effects of Open and Closed Endotracheal Suction Systems on Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Mortality
Authors: Bulut Dilek , Sayar Merve Sefa
Published: September 2023

Aims: Nosocomial pneumonia is a prevalent complication in patients admitted to intensive care units. Endotracheal suction (ES) is used to clean the airways of secretions in patients under mechanical ventilation (MV). The objective of this study was to compare the effects of an open endotracheal suction system (OESS) versus a closed endotracheal suction system (CESS) on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

Study Design: Retrospective examination of hospital records.

Place and Duration of Study: Reanimation Intensive Care Unit, Van Training and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey, between January 2018 and December 2019.

Methodology: Age, gender, and length of stay in the intensive care unit and under mechanical ventilation (MV), mortality and isolated microorganism status of 73 (35.6%) patients with VAP were analyzed retrospectively. These features were compared according to the ES type applied. Sample: The study was conducted among 205 patients who were connected to a mechanical ventilator for more than 48 h in the reanimation intensive care unit (RICU) of a tertiary care hospital.

Results: There was no difference between OESS and CESS groups in terms of mortality rates, length of stay in the RICU, and duration of MV. There was a significant difference in terms of incidence of VAP between the OESS group and the CESS group (41.8% and 29%, respectively; P = .045) Acinetobacter baumanii was the most frequently isolated microorganism in both groups.

Conclusion: CESS treatment was associated with a lower incidence of VAP in patients of the RICU.
Shooting Your Own Foot: A Case Report on Autoimmune Encephalitis Following a Viral Trigger
Authors: Dutta Shelly , Choudhary Kavita , Yerramareddy Shourya
Published: September 2023

Aims: The aim of this case report is to highlight the frequently overlooked association between Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis and a preceding Herpes Simplex Viral Encephalitis trigger, the clinical settings under which to suspect this autoimmune disease, the need for appropriate workup to clinch the diagnosis and the necessity of speedy initiation of immunotherapy, in a disease where timely treatment is paramount.

Presentation of Case: A middle aged woman presented with a history of fever and syncope, followed by slurring of speech, quadriparesis, seizures and altered sensorium. She was diagnosed with HSV-1 Encephalitis on basis of CSF studies and MRI brain. Despite a timely 28-day course of intravenous acyclovir therapy, she showed incomplete clinical recovery. A serum and CSF autoantibody panel was performed, which clinched a diagnosis of Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis. A course of steroids and IVIg was given and the patient was discharged after showing clinical improvement.

Discussion: Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis is an autoimmune encephalitis characterized by complex neuropsychiatric features and presence of IgG antibodies against NR1 subunit of NMDA receptor detectable in CSF and serum. It is associated with various malignancies, chiefly ovarian teratomas, and with HSV-1 viral encephalitis. Diagnosis involves autoantibody detection in CSF or serum and first line treatment is with steroids, IVIg or plasma exchange, and tumour resection.

Conclusion: Prompt diagnosis of Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is crucial as it enables treatment with timely immunosuppression and tumour resection. This disease must be suspected in adults or children presenting with subacute onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms, with CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis and presence of autoantibodies to NMDA receptor in CSF or serum. Early treatment is associated with good outcomes.
Effectiveness of different Extension Methods in Transfer of Green Technologies for Agriculture: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Deepika M. , Jeevapriya A.
Published: September 2023

The present study was conducted in Trichy and Madurai district of Tamil Nadu. From each district two blocks were selected. The total sample size of 240 were selected for the present investigation. More than half (59.58%) of the respondents perceived that farm and home visit by NGO as the most effective method in transferring the green technology. It was clear that more than half (53.33%) of the respondents reported that farm and home visit as the most effective method in individual contact method in transfer of green technology by KVK. It was ostensible that 62.08 per cent of the farmers reported that farm and home visit as the most effective method in the category of individual contact method in transfer of green technology by State Department of Agriculture. It could be observed that F= 37.22 is significant at one per cent level of probability. It indicates that there is significant difference in effectiveness among the NGO’s, KVK’s and State Department. KVK’s (53.54) had a highest mean value.
Survey and Isolation of Rice False Smut Pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takahashi
Authors: Soodamani Arunprakash , Vaikuntavasan Paranidharan
Published: September 2023

Roving survey has been conducted during first quarter of 2023 at selected paddy fields of Cauvery Delta zone (Tanjore, Perambalur) and Western zone (Coimbatore, Erode) of Tamil Nadu to assess the Percent Disease Incidence for rice false smut disease in which the maximum disease incidence was recorded in Erode district (40%). The infected spikelet were observed with the characteristic symptoms where the individual rice grains turned into large, fluffy and velvety green balls, later these balls turns hard during maturity. The pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens was isolated from the infected smut balls in potato sucrose agar medium in which the fungus appears as small white colonies after seven days of isolation.
Assessing the Impact of Combining Cotton Residue, Tillage and Nutrient Management on Rainfed Bt Cotton Growth in Marathwada Region of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Madagoudra Y. B. , Narkhede W. N. , Satale B. M.
Published: September 2023

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of cotton residue incorporation with conservation tillage and integrated nutrient management practices on Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) at AICRP on Dryland Agriculture farm, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani during kharif 2021-22. Fifteen treatment combinations consisting of three tillage practices (conventional tillage, reduced tillage and zero tillage) and five integrated nutrient management practices (100% RDF (120:60:60 kg NPK ha-1), 100% RDF + cotton residue @ 3 t ha-1 + DM @ 12 kg ha-1, 75% RDF + FYM 6 t ha-1 + cotton residue @ 3 t ha-1 + DM @ 12 kg ha-1, 50% RDF + FYM 12 t ha-1 + cotton residue @ 3 t ha-1 + DM @ 12 kg ha-1 and Control) were evaluated in split plot design with three replications. The highest average growth rates (AGR) for both plant height and dry matter in the context of conventional tillage were observed during specific growth intervals: 61-90 days after sowing (DAS) for plant height (1.352 cm day-1 plant-1) and 91-120 DAS for dry matter (3.327 g day-1 plant-1). Similarly, when considering integrated nutrient management practices, the combination of 100% RDF with cotton residue at 3 t ha-1 and DM at 12 kg ha-1 showed the highest AGR for plant height (1.408 cm day-1 plant-1) during 61-90 DAS and for dry matter (3.293 g day-1 plant-1) during 91-120 DAS. Furthermore, various growth parameters such as CGR, RGR, NAR, and LAI also exhibited their maximum values under both conventional tillage and the mentioned integrated nutrient management practice.
Population Dynamics of Village Danshanichara (Azamgarh District), Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Amit Kumar
Published: September 2023

Population is influenced by many factors that fall into the broad realms of demographic characteristics, socio-economic conditions across space and time. This paper adopts an approach to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of these factors effects on population change. Specifically, we conduct the analysis at the micro level Village Danshanichara in Azamgarh District In Uttar Pradesh. The results suggest that the factors have varying effects on population change over time and across rural, suburban, and urban areas. Their effects depend upon the general trend of population redistribution processes, local dynamics, and areal characteristics. Overall, a systematic examination of population dynamics should consider a variety of factors, temporal and spatial variation of their effects [1]. The examination should have the flexibility to identify and incorporate influential factors at a given point in time and space, not to adhere to a single set of drivers in all circumstances. The findings have important implications for population predictions used for local and regional planning.
Patriarchal Ideology in Good Wife, a Horror Episode of Korean Webtoon Shriek
Authors: Rosanti Agnes Emmilia Eka
Published: September 2023

When the couple of man and woman have become husband and wife, it means that the husband becomes the head of family and father of his children while the wife becomes the breadwinner of the family and mother of her children. However, there is a misconception of the ‘head and breadwinner of the family.’ The misconception is that since the husband is the head of the family, it means the husband can order his wife. While the wife, since she roles as the ‘breadwinner’, she must obey and be submissive to her husband and her in-laws. If something bad happens to the husband, the wife will be blamed, even when the wife gets angry at her husband for some reasons, still the wife is the one to blame.
The Host's Speech Styles to Male and Female Guests on the 20 Under 20 Podcast
Authors: Tedja Stephanie , Kuntjara Esther Harijanti
Published: September 2023

I conducted this study to investigate the speech styles used by Raymond Chin, the 20 Under 20 podcast host. I did this study to find the speech styles used by Raymond Chin when talking to his male and female guests. In addition, I observed the similarities and differences in the speech styles used by Raymond when talking to his male and female guests. In conducting this study, I used the theory of speech styles by Chaer and Agustina (2014). Furthermore, this study was done using the qualitative approach. I found From this study that Raymond used the consultative, casual, and intimate speech style toward his male and female guests. Raymond also employed an additional formal speech style toward his female guest. This study shows that Raymond experiences speech accommodation which causes Raymond to, consciously or unconsciously, adapt his speech style based on the gender of his guest.
CROSS-SHORE BEACH PROFILE SIMULATION IN THE SWASH ZONE OF NARRABEEN-COLLAROY BEACH
Authors: Tabasi Mohammad , Suzuki Takayuki
Published: September 2023

Sediment transport and, consequently, the beach profile changes in the swash zone are important to the overall sediment budget and beach profile evolution because the hydrodynamic condition in this zone is complex. One of the swash zone morphodynamic difficulties is estimating the beach profile accretion and erosion above the mean water level. Although there have been considerable studies and investigations into the swash zone morphodynamic, numerical models for predicting sediment transport rate and beach profile changes are limited. Therefore, this study examined a morphodynamic numerical model to predict beach profile evolution in the swash zone using a nearshore beach profile dataset measured at the Narrabeen-Collaroy beach, Australia.
FORECAST VERIFICATION OF AN ENSEMBLE TROPICAL CYCLONE STORM SURGE SYSTEM
Authors: Tran Huy , Taylor Andy , Zieger Stefan , Greenslade Diana
Published: September 2023

Tropical Cyclone (TC) induced storm surges can be especially damaging and require emergency preparations. A unique challenge of providing TC storm surge advice to emergency services relates to the sensitivity of storm surge forecasts to uncertainty in the TC forecast. Probabilistic forecast products are a good fit for such advice, as long as forecast skill characteristics are known and understood. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology operates a dynamical ensemble prediction system to provide forecasts of storm surge driven by TCs. This is a step change from the legacy parametric and/or scenario-based techniques previously used at the Bureau. There are a number of benefits to be gained from dynamic storm surge ensemble forecasts over more traditional systems. Most importantly, the surge forecast is very sensitive to errors in the TC location, velocity, intensity, and size. Ensemble storm surge forecasting is required in order to take account of this uncertainty in the TC forecast.
DECADAL EVOLUTION OF CORAL ISLANDS IN A CHANGING OCEAN AND CLIMATE
Authors: Fellowes Thomas , Vila-Concejo Ana , Bruce Eleanor , Byrne Maria , Elaine Baker
Published: September 2023

Coral reef islands are under threat from warming and rising seas, ocean acidification and increased storminess. Coral islands are low-lying accumulations of sediment derived from the shells and skeletons of calcifying reef organisms. IPCC predications and COP26 highlight that the future of coral islands is not certain as islands are morphologically active. It is unclear what tipping points are causing negative impacts on some coral reef islands and not others. A better understanding of island stability and vulnerability is urgently needed. This has direct implications for over 200 million people that rely on reefs and their islands for their livelihoods (Ferrario et al., 2014). Further, coastal States such as Australia, USA, the Philippines and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) use coral reef islands as legal baselines to support their maritime jurisdictions (UNCLOS, 1982). We focus on 31 of Australia’s offshore coral reef islands on 10 reefs across the Coral Sea and NW Shelf. These islands are environmentally and geo-politically important as they support and extend Australia’s maritime jurisdiction. Island morphology (e.g., shoreline positions, areas, shapes) in historical aerial and satellite imagery (1977-now) were compared to ocean and climate data (e.g., storm tracks, NOAA Coral Watch). We used this data to identity tipping points that drive decadal changes in coral reef island stability.
HUMAN STABILITY ON SLOPES UNDER OVERTOPPING WAVES
Authors: Wüthrich Davide , Rikkert Stephan J.H. , Lanzafame Robert
Published: September 2023

In a world affected by climate change and sea-level rise, intense storms are expected to become more frequent in the future. This implies that our coastal protections will be more often and more intensely affected by overtopping waves, potentially endangering the safety of our coastal communities. The objective of the present study is to investigate the hazard to people/pedestrians by postwave overtopping flows over an inclined surface, simulating a coastal dike.
CHARACTERISTICS ON CYCLONE AND STORM SURGE IN BEIRA CITY, MOZAMBIQUE
Authors: Tsujio Daiki , Kumagai Kenzou , Yamasaki Yusuke , Hirabayashi Atsutoshi
Published: September 2023

There were 2 severe cyclones that attached the Eastern African area in 2019. Cyclone IDAI attacked Beira city in central Mozambique, causing torrential rains and strong winds that resulted in more than 600 deaths and damage of 240,000 houses. Cyclone KENITH also attacked the northern part of Mozambique in the same year. There is few academic research regarding cyclones and storm surge in the Eastern Africa even if many cyclones attacked there. This study analyzed the characteristics of tropical cyclones that passed through the city of Beira and performed a series of storm surge simulations to understand impact factors based on its characteristics.
FLOOD MODELLING USING CSIRO DATA61’S MODELLING TOOLKIT CFAST - A CASE STUDY OF THE RIVERVIEW FAMILY CARAVAN PARK IN VICTORIA
Authors: Weeraratne Vihan , Cohen Raymond , Prakash Mahesh , Chapman Warren
Published: September 2023

The Riverview Family Caravan Park (RFCP) sits on the eastern bank of the Barwon River Estuary in Ocean Grove, Victoria, Australia and is managed by the Barwon Coast Committee of Management (BCCM). The Park is susceptible to inundation during extreme weather events including catchment flooding from the Barwon River and storm surges from the Bass Straight. To protect from this river inundation there is a levee bank consisting of a rock revetment (seawall) with an elevated shared trail along its crest. This inundation risk will increase with climate change induced sea level rise (SLR), therefore, the BCCM was concerned with quantifying the long-term effectiveness of the elevated shared trail adaptation and to assess proposed flood risk management strategies such as further elevating the shared trail and the implementation of a detention basin.This study used detailed hydrodynamic and hydraulic modelling utilising the City-based Flood Adaptation Solutions Tool (CFAST) developed by CSIRO Data61 (Prakash et al., 2019) to determine the inundation risk posed by different scenarios with different adaptations applied.