bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ҚАЗІРГІ ҚАЗАҚ ӘҢГІМЕЛЕРІНДЕГІ ЖЫЛҚЫ МЕН АДАМ ТАҒДЫРЫ
Authors: Асқарова Г.С. , Айтбаева A.E. , Құрмамбаева Қ.С.
Published: July 2024

Қазақ прозасында қазақ өмірімен тікелей тамырлас, кейіпкер деңгейіне көтерілген бірден бір жануар ол – жылқы малы. Әдебиетімізде халық ауыз әдебиеті үлгілерінен бастап, жылқы жануары туралы жазылған көркем шығармалар жетерлік. Олардың бәрін бір мақала төңірегінде қамту да мүмкін емес. І. Жансүгіровтың «Құлагер», Ғ. Мүсіреповтің «Бошайдың үш қарасы», Ш. Айтматов «Қош бол, Гүлсары», Ә.Кекілбайдың «Бәйге торы», Т.Әлімқұловтың «Тұлпардың тағдыры», «Қош бол, Абсент», «Ақбоз ат», Қ. Жұмаділовтың «Сәйгүліктер», тәуелсіздік тұсында жазылған Н. Ораздың «Жылқының көз жасы», Н. Дәутай «Айғыркісі», Ж. Қайраңбайдың «Тұлпардың дүбірі», М. Мәжитовтың «Ат сейіс», С.Ибраимның «Ататоры»  т.б.  шығармаларында жылқының ойы, сезімі, түйгені, топшылауы арқылы өмір шындығы бейнеленіп, адам тағдыры мен жылқы тағдыры қатар өріледі. Адам мен жылқы тақырыбы қазақ прозасында ұңғыл-шұңғылына дейін зерттеліп жазылған, иі қанған тақырып деп тұжырымдауға дәлел жеткілікті. Дегенмен, оның зерттеу нысанына алынып зерттелуі көңілге толымсыз. Мысалы, Жұмабай Қайранбайдың  «Тұлпардың дүбірі» деп аталған кітабы да осы қасиетті жануар туралы сөз етіледі.  Тағдыр талқысымен бір қолдан екінші қолға көшіп, қайта-қайта сатыла берсе де, өзінің туған сонау қияндағы мекеніне жол тауып, қайта айналып келуден қажымайтын Күрең жорға – оқырман есінде сақталып қалатындай ұтымды образ. Оқиғаны қызықты етіп құруға да төселіп қалған жазушының  бұл кітабы өз оқырмандарын таба алады деген сенімдеміз. Жылқының асыл қасиетін паш ететін Самат Ибраимның «Ататоры» әңгімесі де жылқы жануарына арналған.  Жаугершілік заманда дұшпандардың қолына түсіп қалған Құттығай батырдың дүлдүлі елін аңсап, қашып жүріп, қазаға ұшырайды. Н.Ораздың «Жылқының көз жасы» әңгімесінде  экологиялық апаттың салдары көркемдікпен баяндалып, жылқы жануарының ең соңғы талпынысы оқырман жүрегін еріксіз дір еткізіп, осы бір қасиетті жануардың табиғатын тағы бір қырынан аша түседі. Көшпенді халықтар өмірінде жылқы жануары қалайша ардақталса, әдебиетімізде адам тағдыры мен табиғатты егіздеуде бұл тақырып өзінің өзектілігін жоймайды.
ҚАЗІРГІ БАЛАЛАР ПОЭЗИЯСЫНДАҒЫ ТАҚЫРЫПТЫҚ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕР (СЕРІК ҚАЛИЕВ ШЫҒАРМАЛАРЫНЫҢ НЕГІЗІНДЕ)
Authors: Саметова Ж.Ш. , Даутқұлова А.K.
Published: July 2024

Қазіргі балалар әдебиеті өткен ғасырдағы қоғамдық өзгерістерді, мәдени дамуды және ХХ ғасырдағы балалық шаққа деген көзқарастың өзгергендігін көрсету жағынан айтарлықтай дамыды. Бұл зерттеудің мақсаты ақын Серік Қалиевтің «Ұқыпты бала» жыр жинағынан таңдалған шығармаларға салыстырмалы талдау жасау арқылы қазіргі балалар әдебиетінің тақырыптық ерекшеліктерін зерттеу болып табылады. Әр түрлі жанрлар мен мәдени дәстүрлердегі өлеңдердің кең спектрін зерттей отырып, бұл зерттеу қазіргі балалар әдебиетінде кең таралған тақырыптар мен тенденцияларды анықтауға бағытталған.Автор жеке тұлғаны қалыптастыру, отбасылық динамика, достық, отан, білім мен тәрбие беру, экологиялық сана және өміршеңдік сияқты тақырыптарға тоқталады. Кейіпкерлерді, сюжеттік желілерді және баяндау құрылымдарын мұқият саралау арқылы бұл зерттеу тақырыптарының балалар әдебиеті контекстінде қалай бейнеленетінін және қарастырылатынын түсіндіреді. Сонымен қатар, зерттеу жас оқырмандар арасында осы тақырыптық материалдардың қабылдануы мен таратудағы авторлардың, иллюстраторлардың, баспагерлер мен мұғалімдердің рөлін де қарастырады.Қазіргі балалар әдебиетіне салыстырмалы талдау жасай отырып, бұл зерттеу ХХІ ғасырда осы жанрды сипаттайтын тақырыптық ерекшеліктерге тереңірек тоқталғанымызды көрсетеді. Сыни талдау және түсіндіру арқылы бұл зерттеуде біз балалар әдебиетінің қазіргі жаһанданған әлемдегі, жас оқырмандардың өзгеріп отыратын қажеттіліктері мен қызығушылықтарын қамтамасыз ете алатындығын дәлелдеуге тырыстық.
ФОРТЕПИАННОЕ ИСКУССТВО В КОНТЕКСТЕ МУЗЫКАЛЬНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ КАЗАХСТАНА
Authors: Сепп M.Я. , Амирова Д.Ж. , Олексенко И.В.
Published: July 2024

Статья посвящена фортепианному искусству Казахстана. Формирование и становление национальной фортепианной школы происходило в сложных исторических условиях. Авторами подчеркивается важность социокультурных факторов, которые оказали влияние на формирование академического музыкального искусства в республике. В то же время система музыкальных учреждений стала одним из главных условий развития фортепианного искусства в Казахстане. В статье выявляются особенности формирования казахстанской фортепианной школы, предпринимается попытка исторической хронологизации данного процесса. Авторы опираются на системный подход, обусловливающий рассмотрение становления казахстанской фортепианной школы как взаимодействие различных компонент. Использован также исторический подход, позволивший проследить истоки казахстанского фортепианного искусства в контексте общего процесса формирования новой музыкальной культуры в республике. Авторы отмечают возрастающий интерес ко многим вопросам, касающимся академического искусства в казахском музыковедении. Это обусловлено уникальностью самого процесса формирования новой музыкальной культуры. В ходе исследования были изучены обнаруженные в архиве Казахской национальной консерватории имени Курмангазы ценные документы, касающиеся первых десяти лет формирования казахстанской фортепианной школы. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в процессе обучения пианистов (исполнителей, исследователей, педагогов), а также музыковедов. В статье содержатся таблица и диаграмма, отражающие результаты исследования.
Mortalidade por COVID-19 no Maranhão
Authors: Albuquerque Maria Alzenira Loura do Carmo , Câmara Joseneide Teixeira , Santana Ewaldo Eder Carvalho , Fraga Elmary da Costa , Barros Maria Claudene
Published: July 2024

Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos óbitos por COVID – 19 no Maranhão, nos anos de 2020 a 2022. Método: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, retrospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado no Estado do Maranhão. A amostra do estudo foi composta por todas as Declarações de Óbitos (DO) por COVID – 19, registradas no banco de dados do Sistema de informação de Mortalidade (SIM), da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado Maranhão, entre os anos de 2020 a 2022 no Maranhão. As análises deste estudo expõem os óbitos ocorrido entre os maranhenses no período de 2020 a 2022. Resultados: Nas variáveis sociodemográficas estudadas, a maior incidência foi no ano de 2021 com 51,3% (7.928) e com prevalência no mesmo período de 471 óbitos por 100.000 habitantes. O perfil mais comum de óbitos na população do estado do Maranhão foi do sexo masculino de cor parda, entre 60 a 80 anos, sem escolaridade (26,8%), casados (46,8%). Quanto a ocupação os cargos celetistas prevaleceram, com maior predominância de óbitos no hospital, com causa básica B342 que se refere a infecção por coronavírus de localização não específica, estes tiveram assistência médica. Conclusão: O estudo mostra que no perfil por óbitos no Maranhão, o vírus SARVS COV-2, foi altamente propagável, constituindo na época e até os dias atuais um grande desafio da saúde pública. As análises revelam que o perfil mais comum de óbitos na população do estado do Maranhão foi do sexo masculino; entre 60 a 80 anos; casado; de cor parda; sem escolaridade; tiveram assistência médica; com causa básica Infecção por Coronavírus de localização não específica (B34.2). Os municípios com maior índice de desenvolvimento, e alta complexidade hospitalar, apresentaram maiores taxas de óbitos por COVID-19.
Pengaruh Brand Image Media Sosial Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian
Authors: Fitriani Diana
Published: July 2024

Penelitian dengan judul pengaruh brand equity media sosial terhadap keputusan pembelian dilakukan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai media sosial yang menjadi pilihan konsumen untuk membantu mereka dalam mengambil keputusan pembelian. menggunakan bentuk kausalitas yang menyatakan bahwa penelitian berhubungan dengan penelitian sebab akibat. Variabel utama atau variabel bebas dalam penelitian yaitu berhubungan dengan strengh brand  (X1), uniqueness brand (X2), dan favorability brand (X3) sedangkan variabel terikat yaitu keputusan pembelian (Y) pada media sosial yang dipilih untuk melakukan transaksi pembelian produk. Pengujian dilakukan dengan regresi linier berganda yaitu uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas dan diteruskan menggunakan uji asumsi klasik atau uji ordinary least square (OLS) yang terdiri dari uji normalitas, uji multikolinieritas, uji autokorelasi, uji heterokedastisitas, dan uji linieritas. Uji regresi linier berganda berhubungan dengan keadaan dalam memberikan gambaran yang berkenaan dengan uji pengaruh antara variabel bebas dengan variabel terikat. Berdasarkan jumlah responden yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan teknik sampling accidental sebanyak 98 orang menyatakan bahwa media sosial yang telah ditentukan berdasarkan rating tertinggi penggunaannya di Indonesia secara berurutan yaitu WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, dan TikTok memiliki fitur yang mewakili kebutuhan dalam proses konsumen mengambil keputusan pembelian dimulai dari variabel favorable brand (X3) sebesar 78.30%, kemudian strengh brand (X1) 55.70%, dan uniqueess (X2) 38.7% terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) sebesar 81.50%. Sehingga brand equity media sosial yang terdiri dari tiga kategori dinyatakan berpengaruh secara siginifikan secara berurutan terhadap keputusan pembelian konsumen
Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Dan E-Wom Dengan Brand Image Sebagai Mediasi Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Smartphone Realme Di Kota Pontianak
Authors: Anandha Shafitry Mayfhuzha , Octaviani Dina
Published: July 2024

Perkembangan teknologi informasi terutama smartphone mendorong masyarakat dalam memutuskan membeli smartphone. Sejalan dengan meningkatnya persaingan dalam pangsa pasar di Indonesia. Namun kenyataannya perusahaan Realme hanya menduduki peringkat kelima dalam pangsa pasar di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh kualitas produk dan e-wom dengan brand image sebagai mediasi terhadap keputusan pembelian produk smartphone Realme. Variabel bebas penelitian ini adalah kualitas produk dan e-wom. Variabel mediasi adalah brand image sedangkan variabel terikat adalah keputusan pembelian. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada konsumen smartphone Realme di Kota Pontianak. Data yang telah terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan aplikasi WarpPls 8.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh langsung antara kualitas produk terhadap brand image. Terdapat pengaruh langsung antara e-wom terhadap brand image. Terdapat pengaruh langsung antara kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian. Terdapat pengaruh langsung antara e-wom terhadap keputusan pembelian. Tidak terdapat pengaruh langsung antara brand image terhadap keputusan pembelian. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian yang di mediasi brand image. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara e-wom terhadap keputusan pembelian yang di mediasi brand image.
HAKİME YARDIMCI YAPAY ZEKÂ
Authors: Birtane Şermin
Published: July 2024

Yapay zekâ (YZ) hayatımızın her yönünü dönüştürmekte, iş ve yaşam alanlarımızı etkilemektedir. YZ bireyler için gerçek zorlukları da beraberinde getirmekte, mahremiyet, özel hayat ve kişisel verilerin korunması, ifade hürriyeti, yaşam hakkı, adil yargılanma hakkı gibi temel insan haklarının doğrudan etkilenmesine yol açmaktadır. Bu durum YZ sistemlerinin uygulandığı alanlarla ilgili olarak insan haklarının korunması bakımından uluslararası ve ulusal düzeyde hukuki düzenlemeler yapılması ihtiyacını ortaya çıkarmıştır. YZ uygulamaları yargı ve adalet hizmetlerinde de yerini almaktadır. Yapay zekâ uygulamalarının, yargısal işlemlerde ve mahkeme yönetiminde kullanılmasıyla eşitlik ve adaletin sağlanmasında yüksek bir seviyeye erişilmesine ve bu suretle insan haklarına saygının teminine olumlu katkılarının olması mümkündür. Bununla birlikte zorluklar, problemler ve olumsuz yönler de bulunmaktadır. Yargıda YZ uygulamalarının kullanılması mahremiyet, kişisel verilerin korunması, şeffaflık, ifade hürriyeti, ayrımcılık yasağı, adil yargılanma güvencelerine riayet gibi birçok temel insan haklarını doğrudan ilgilendiren olumsuz durumlara yol açabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yapay zekânın yargıda kullanılması bakımından etik ilkeler ve uluslararası hukuki düzenlemeler çerçevesinde değerlendirmeler ele alınmaktadır. YZ uygulamalarının tasarımı, üretilmesi ve kullanımında “insan hakları odaklı” anlayışın benimsenmesi gerekmektedir. İnsan hakları odaklı yaklaşımın benimsenmesiyle YZ uygulamalarının geçerli olduğu alanlarda insan haklarını korumanın, mahremiyet ve kişisel verilerin gizliliğine saygının sağlanması mümkün olabilir.
ÇOCUK DÜŞÜRME SUÇUNDA MAĞDURUN KİM OLDUĞU SORUNU VE CENİNİN HUKUKİ NİTELİĞİ
Authors: Korkmaz Fulya
Published: July 2024

Çocuk düşürme suçu öteden beri pek çok yönden tartışılmaktadır. Ancak bu çalışmada söz konusu suç tüm yönleriyle değil, tartışmaların en çok yoğunlaştığı mağdurun belirlenmesine ilişkin sorunlar yönünden ele alınmıştır. Çocuk düşürme suçu Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun “Kişilere Karşı Suçlar” başlıklı İkinci Kısmında düzenlenmiştir. Oysaki bu suçun maddî konusunu oluşturan “cenin” henüz bir “kişi” veya “insan” niteliğini kazanmış bir varlık değildir. Öte yandan, bu suçun faili bizzat gebe kadının kendisidir. İnsanın kişiliği aynı anda bir suçun hem faili hem de mağduru olmak biçiminde ikiye bölünemeyeceğinden, gebe kadını bu suçun mağduru olarak kabul etmek mümkün değildir. Ne var ki kanun koyucu çocuk düşürme suçunu “Topluma Karşı Suçlar” kapsamında değil de “Kişilere Karşı Suçlar” kapsamında düzenlemek suretiyle, bu suçta mağdurun belirli bir kişi olmasını öngörmüştür. Şu hâlde çocuk düşürme suçunun mağduru kimdir sorusu karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ceninin hukukî niteliğine yönelik çeşitli yaklaşımlar ele alınarak Türk Ceza Kanunu’nda buna ilişkin hangi yaklaşımın benimsendiği ve çocuk düşürme suçunda mağdurun kim olduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
ANAYASA MAHKEMESİ’NİN İPTAL KARARI DOĞRULTUSUNDA FİİLİ AYRILIK NEDENİYLE BOŞANMADA YASAL DÜZENLEME İHTİYACI
Authors: Turan Başara Gamze
Published: July 2024

İlk defa 1988 yılında Türk Medeni Kanunu’nda düzenleme alanı bulan fiili ayrılık nedeniyle boşanma, evlilik birliğinin temelinden sarsıldığı esasına dayanmaktadır. Kanunda öngörülen koşulların gerçekleşmesi halinde evlilik birliği temelinden sarsılmış sayılır ve eşlerden birinin talebi halinde boşanmaya karar verilir. Fiili ayrılık nedeniyle boşanmanın düzenlendiği Türk Medeni Kanunu’nun 166/IV. maddesinin Anayasa Mahkemesi tarafından 22.2.2024 tarihinde iptal edilmesiyle birlikte anılan hükümde yeni bir düzenleme yapılması ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmıştır. Anayasa Mahkemesi iptal kararında, hükümde öngörülen süre koşulunu, eşlerin makul bir sürede boşanma kararı elde etmelerine olanak tanıyacak şekilde düzenlemek üzere Yasama organına, kararın Resmi Gazete’de yayımlanmasından başlayarak dokuz aylık bir süre vermiştir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin söz konusu iptal kararı değerlendirilmiştir. Devamında fiili ayrılığa dayanan boşanmaya ilişkin karşılaştırmalı hukuktaki yasal düzenlemeler incelendikten sonra konuya ilişkin Türk hukukunda öğreti ve uygulamada ortaya çıkan meseleler üzerinde durulmuştur. Son olarak Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin kararında belirtilen iptal gerekçeleri de dikkate alınarak fiili ayrılığa dayanan boşanma hakkında yasal düzenleme önerisinde bulunulmuştur.
LİMİTED ŞİRKETLERDE PAYIN MİRAS YOLUYLA GEÇİŞİNİN MİRAS HUKUKU VE ŞİRKETLER HUKUKU AÇISINDAN SONUÇLARI
Authors: Çelik Aytekin
Published: July 2024

Ortağın ölümü miras hukukunun dışında şirketler hukuku açısından da önem taşır. Miras hukuku hükümleri çerçevesinde ölen ortağın payları, mirasa dahil olan diğer unsurlar gibi kendiliğinden mirasçılara geçer. Ancak ölen ortağın payının kendiliğinden mirasçılara geçişinin ortaya çıkartabileceği bazı olumsuz sonuçlardan dolayı şirketler hukukunda ortağın ölümü, her şirket türü açısından özel olarak düzenleme konusu yapılmıştır.
Şahıs şirketlerinde ortağın ölümü halinde payın kendiliğinden mirasçılara geçişi kabul edilmemiş, ortağın ölümü şirketi kendiliğinden sona erdiren sebepler içerisinde düzenlenmiştir. Sermaye şirketlerinde ise aksine payın ortağın ölümüyle birlikte kendiliğinden mirasçılara geçişi kural olarak kabul edilmiş ancak miras hukuku hükümlerinden farklı olarak şirkete alım hakkını kullanarak mirasçıları onaylamayı reddetme imkânı tanınmıştır. Ancak sermaye şirketlerinde miras hukuku ve şirketler hukuku hükümleri çerçevesinde karma bir çözüm yolunun tercih edilmesi mirasçıların onaylanıp onaylanmayacaklarının belirli olacağı ana kadar özel düzenlemelerin yapılması zorunluluğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Özellikle payların mirasçılara kendiliğinden geçişinin miras ortaklığına ilişkin hükümler çerçevesinde gerçekleşip gerçekleşmeyeceği, mirasçıların kullanabilecekleri hakların kapsamı, onaylamanın reddi konusunda hangi organın yetkili olduğu konusunda anonim ve limited şirketler açısından farklı düzenlemelere yer verilmiştir.
Dolayısıyla limited şirketlerde payın miras yoluyla geçişi hem miras hukuku hükümlerinden hem de anonim şirketlere ilişkin düzenlemelerden farklı şekilde gerçekleşmektedir. Ayrıca limited şirketler açısından mirasçıların şirketin alım hakkının kullanılmasına ilişkin genel kurul kararında oy kullanıp kullanamayacakları, birden fazla mirasçının bulunduğu durumlarda alım hakkının mirasçılardan bir kısmına ilişkin olarak kullanılıp kullanılamayacağı ve mirasçıların mirası reddetmeleri halinde bu hususun şirketler hukuku açısından sonuçları üzerinde de durulması gerekmektedir.
Evaluation of acute kidney injury patients in intensive care unit and determining effects of hemodialysis on sepsis
Authors: Aydoğmuş İrem , Kahveci Ferda Şöhret , Işıktaş Sayılır Emel
Published: July 2024

Aim: Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of critically ill patients, and results need for renal replacement therapy (RRT). We aimed to investigate the difference in vital signs, hemodynamic parameters, and laboratory values after receiving RRT in the AKI patients with/without sepsis. Also, we examined the different renal injury grading systems relationships used in intensive care units (ICU).
Methods: RRT-treated patients due to AKI were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups by using Sepsis-2 criteria (2012); whether there is sepsis or not. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE  II) scores, 28th and 90th day mortality recorded. RIFLE classes, renal sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores, and kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO), stages were also calculated. Patients’ Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), vital parameters, laboratory values, Horowitz rates, vasopressor/inotropic agent requirements at RRT start, 12th and 24th hours were recorded.
Results: 153 patients were included in the study, and 93 were septic. APACHE II score and 28th day mortality were significantly higher in Group Sepsis. Advanced age was found to be associated with 90th day mortality. Both in two groups many parameters such as acidosis, Horowitz ratio, and GCS improved after RRT initiation. When renal scoring systems were compared with each other KDIGO was associated with the RIFLE classification and renal SOFA.
Conclusion: Many improvements were observed in all AKI patients after RRT but in septic patients, oxygenation and GCS showed better improvement. The mortality rate increased when AKI got complicated with sepsis.
Examining the concordance between dominant eye and hand preference in healthy adults
Authors: Soydan Adem , Kürtül İbrahim , Ray Gülçin , Ray Abdullah
Published: July 2024

Aim: This study was designed to reveal the relationship between dominant hand and dominant eye and to present the dominance rates of the population.
Methods: 160 healthy subjects (80 females, 80 males) between the ages of 18-60 were included in the study. While the determination of the dominant hand was based on the answers of the participants, the Dolman test was used to determine the dominant eye. The chi-squared test was used to determine the relationship between the variables.
Results: Of the sample, 91.3% (146 subjects) predominantly used their right hand and 68.8% (110 subjects) used their right eye. The right eye and hand were dominant in 106 subjects, and the left eye and hand were dominant in 10 subjects. As a result of the chi-square test, there was a statistically significant difference between the dominant hand and the eye.
Conclusion: Since the right hand and right eye were highly dominant in the study, it is thought that the left hemisphere of the participants was dominant in terms of functional lateralization. Additionally, it is thought that the repetition of the study in patients with presbyopic cases and in patients before cataract surgery will be clinically beneficial.
Midterm Outcomes of Multimodal Approach to Treating Severe Scoliosis in Patients With Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Hori Yusuke , McDonald Tyler C. , Thornley Patrick , Almeida da Silva Luiz Carlos , Kaymaz Burak , Rogers Kenneth J. , Yorgova Petya K. , Bober Michael B. , Carroll Ricki , Kruse Richard W. , Franzone Jeanne M. , Shah Suken A.
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

The surgical management of severe scoliosis in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is challenging because of curve rigidity, small stature, and inherent bone fragility. This study evaluated the midterm outcomes of our multimodal approach to address these issues, integrating perioperative bisphosphonate therapy, preoperative/intraoperative traction, various osteotomies, segmental pedicle screw instrumentation with cement augmentation, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 application.

Methods:

A single-center retrospective review of 30 patients (average age 14.1 ± 2.2 years; 18 were female) diagnosed with OI and scoliosis was conducted. These patients underwent posterior spinal fusion between 2008 and 2020 and completed a minimum follow-up of 2 years. We measured radiographic parameters at each visit and reviewed the incidence of complications. A mixed-effects model was used to evaluate changes in radiographic parameters from preoperative measurements to the first and latest follow-ups.

Results:

The patient cohort consisted of 2 individuals with type I OI, 20 with type III, 6 with type IV, and 2 with other types (types V and VIII). Surgical intervention led to a notable improvement in the major curve magnitude from 76° to 36°, with no notable correction loss. In addition, the minor curve, apical vertical translation, lowest instrumented vertebra tilt, and pelvic obliquity were also improved. In the sagittal plane, thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis remained unchanged while thoracolumbar kyphosis markedly improved. Two patients experienced proximal junctional kyphosis with screw pullout, one of whom required revision surgery. One patient developed a superficial infection that was successfully treated with oral antibiotics. No instances of neurologic deficits or cement extravasation were observed.

Discussion:

This study demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of our multimodal approach to treating scoliosis in patients with OI, achieving a 53% major curve correction with minimal complications over 2-year follow-up. These findings provide notable insights into managing scoliosis in this population.

Level of evidence:

Level IV (case series).
Optimizing Visualization in Shoulder Arthroscopy: An Evidence-Based Guide
Authors: Hoffman Ryan A. , Green Andrew , Paxton E. Scott
Published: July 2024

Advances in arthroscopy have contributed toward improved understanding and management of diverse pathological conditions in the shoulder. As a result, arthroscopy is often preferred by both patients and surgeons. However, surgery can be complicated by limited visualization. Techniques to improve visualization include patient and portal positioning, mechanical débridement, radiofrequency ablation, epinephrine added to irrigation fluid, tranexamic acid administration, and controlled hypotensive anesthesia. Despite published literature on each, a thorough understanding of the evidence supporting these techniques and adjuvants is essential to interpret the clinical utility of each.
Lumbar Range of Motion Using the Wolfson Modified Schober Test
Authors: Lotan Raphael , Klatzkin Lev , Lan Itzik , Sakhnini Mojahed , Hershkovich Oded
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Lumbar range of motion (ROM) is a critical component of spinal function and often affected by age and sex. This study aimed to evaluate the variations in lumbar ROM across different age groups in a healthy adult population and determine the influence of sex, height, weight, and body mass index.

Methods:

A total of 208 subjects (106 men, 102 women) were recruited and stratified into age groups from the 20s to 60s and older. Lumbar ROM was measured using the Wolfson modified Schober test. Data were analyzed for flexion, extension, and total ROM. Linear regression examined the predictors of lumbar ROM.

Results:

The study found a progressive decline in lumbar flexion and total ROM with age. Age was the only notable predictor of lumbar flexion, with no notable effect of weight and body mass index on ROM. Extension measurements were inconsistent and did not show a clear pattern across age groups.

Discussion:

Age-related changes in lumbar ROM were consistent with known physiological changes within the spine. Despite physical differences in height and weight, the lumbar spine ROM was similar between sexes, highlighting the influence of age over sex in lumbar motion. Lumbar ROM decreases with age, with flexion affected more than extension.
The Effect of Varying Preoperative Hemoglobin Levels on the Risk of Major Complications and Surgical Site Infections After Single Level Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Haft Mark , Levy Hannon , Agarwal Amil R. , Quan Theodore , Greenberg Marc , Raad Michael , Patel Tushar , Jain Amit
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Blood transfusions are associated with an increased risk of complications after lumbar fusion, and current anemia hemoglobin thresholds are not surgery specific. We aimed to calculate single-level lumbar fusion–specific preoperative hemoglobin strata that observe the likelihood of 90-day transfusion and evaluate whether these strata are associated with increased risk of 90-day complications and 2-year infections.

Methods:

A national database identified patients undergoing primary single-level lumbar fusion with preoperative hemoglobin values (g/dL). Stratum-specific likelihood ratio analysis calculated sex-based hemoglobin strata associated with the risk of 90-day transfusion. Incidence and risk of 90-day major complications and 2-year infections were observed between strata.

Results:

Three female (hemoglobin strata, likelihood ratio [<10.9, 2.41; 11.0 to 12.4, 1.35; 12.5 to 17.0, 0.78]) and male (<11.9, 2.95; 12.0 to 13.4, 1.46; 13.5 to 13.9, 0.71) strata were associated with varying likelihood of 90-day blood transfusion. Increased 90-day complication risk was associated with two female strata (hemoglobin strata, relative risk [11.0 to 12.4, 1.52; <10.9, 3.40]) and one male stratum (<11.9, 2.02). Increased 2-year infection risk was associated with one female (<10.9, 3.67) and male stratum (<11.9, 2.11).

Conclusion:

Stratum-specific likelihood ratio analysis established sex-based single-level lumbar fusion–specific hemoglobin strata that observe the likelihood of 90-day transfusion and the risk of 90-day major complications and 2-year infections. These thresholds are a unique addition to the literature and can assist in counseling patients on their postoperative risk profile and in preoperative patient optimization.

Level of evidence:

Level III.
Fetal Scoliosis: Natural History and Outcomes
Authors: Walters Samuel , Barkham Ben , Bishop Tim , Bernard Jason , Coroyannakis Christina , Thilaganathan Basky , Lui Darren F.
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Scoliosis can be detected on prenatal ultrasonography and may be associated with structural and syndromic abnormalities. Associations and pregnancy outcomes related to the prenatal diagnosis of scoliosis are poorly understood.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was undertaken at a tertiary referral center in London. Referred cases with spinal deformities between 1997 and 2021 were identified from the prenatal ultrasonography database. Outcomes were ascertained from the database and electronic notes.

Results:

One hundred twenty-three cases of fetal spinal deformities (scoliosis, kyphosis, or kyphoscoliosis) were identified from a referral population of 660,000 pregnancies, giving an incidence of approximately 0.2 per 1000 fetuses. Fifty-eight live births (47.2%) and 65 cases (52.8%) of fetal or neonatal demise or termination were observed. Most live births were isolated spinal deformities with a good postnatal outcome (n = 35, 60.3%). The commonest syndromic diagnosis in this group was VACTERL association (n = 7, 12.1%). Most cases of fetal loss were associated with severe malformations, most commonly spina bifida, body stalk anomaly and amniotic band sequence, or chromosomal abnormalities, except in 2 cases (3.1%).

Conclusions:

This is the largest reported cases series to date of prenatally diagnosed fetal spinal deformity. This confirms that fetal scoliosis and associated vertebral abnormalities are underdiagnosed prenatally, with the reported incidence (0.2 per 1000) lower than the recognized incidence of congenital scoliosis (1 in 1,000). The concurrent finding of severe malformations was strongly associated with fetal loss. When an isolated finding, most fetal spinal deformities had a good postnatal outcome, while 1:8 live births were diagnosed with VACTERL association.
Het platteland, de noodzaak voor een nieuw sociaal-ruimtelijk perspectief. Stand van zaken binnen het HBO-onderzoek en onderwijs
Authors: Melis Korrie , Bulder Elles
Published: July 2024

Actuele ontwikkelingen maken dat er vanuit verschillende gremia hernieuwde aandacht is voor kansenongelijkheid tussen regio’s in Nederland. Het advies Elke regio telt (2023) vormde hier een belangrijke aanzet toe. Echter, een inventarisatie van de focus bij het onderzoek en het onderwijs aan hogescholen binnen het sociaal-ruimtelijke domein laat zien dat er (nog) weinig expliciete aandacht is voor het platteland en haar bewoners. Netwerken, curriculaonderdelen en lectoraatsgroepen richten zich grotendeels op steden en wijken. In dit opiniërend artikel pleiten wij, gezien de stapeling van vraagstukken waarmee plattelandsregio’s en de gemeenschappen te maken krijgen voor meer aandacht voor het platteland vanuit de hbo’s. Gezien de (on)mogelijkheden van lokale dorpsgemeenschappen om hier een bepalende, lange termijn rol in te spelen, is er ook vanuit deze invalshoek meer aandacht nodig van (toekomstige) sociaal werkers en daarmee opleidingen Social Work en aanverwant praktijkonderzoek.
Bartonella quintana endocarditis: A case report
Authors: Maazoun Majdi , Hammami Fatma , Gassara Fatma , Rekik Khaoula , Koubaa Makram , Jemaa Mounir Ben
Published: July 2024

Endocarditis is a rare and potentially fatal infection of the endocardium. Bartonella endocarditis is an emerging disease that causes serious complications and high rates of mortality. Due to the fastidious nature of Bartonella species and their high degrees of antibiotic susceptibility, cultures of clinical samples most often remain sterile. The best specimens for polymerase chain reaction amplification are seldom available. The diagnosis of Bartonella infections relies mainly on serological methods. We report the case of a 58-year-old woman with dyslipidemia who presented with nocturnal fever, polyarthralgia, sweats and weight loss. The diagnosis of Bartonella endocarditis was confirmed by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Medical treatment alone was efficient for our patient without any surgery.
How Development Sectors are Contributing to Waste Management in Bangladesh
Authors: Shahen Md. Abu
Published: July 2024

This article investigates the role of development sectors like non-government agencies in waste management in Bangladesh, particularly in semi-urban area. Through qualitative methods, key informant interviews and focus group discussions, the study reveals that NGOs are working to establish efficient waste management protocols in the most polluted and contaminated area. They have funded various activities, including awareness campaigns, agricultural practices, bin installation, information distribution, green club development, treatment plans, and transportation and disposal support. It is crucial for local government officials and women to be well-informed about waste management. To strengthen waste management activities, measures such as permanent disposal facilities, fixed garbage collection schedules, recycling markets, whistle systems, and bin erecting are needed. The article emphasizes the importance of well-informed local government officials and women in waste management.
The Use of Online Mediation in the Resolution of Civil and Commercial Disputes in Theory and in Practice
Authors: Amro Ihab
Published: July 2024

The current Coronavirus pandemic shows, and possibly proves, that the use of online techniques for solving disputes arising out of both civil and commercial transactions is useful in practice. The pandemic crisis dictates using online dispute resolution (ODR) techniques, including online mediation, for facing both the legal and the practical challenges resulting from the absence of the physical meeting between parties, counsels, and mediators. This article mainly deals with online mediation as an ODR technique because of its practical importance, on the one hand, and because of the increasing importance of electronic commerce (e-commerce) transactions as an integral part of the digital economy and the need to solve any disputes that may arise between consumers and traders to protect the consumer as a weaker party vis-à-vis the trader. This article highlights online mediation from both domestic and international perspectives, focusing on the pertinent legislations and the best practices of online mediation, including provisions of various legislations, and practical examples from different jurisdictions that support the main hypothesis. This article concludes with findings regarding the main salient issues of the topic as well as with pertinent recommendations for a better understanding of state-of-the-art developments of online mediation at the legislative level; i.e., provisions that might be considered in the future for improving the legal framework of online dispute resolution generally, and online mediation in particular, either at the national level or at the international level, i.e., de lege ferenda as opposed to de lege lata.
Arbitration and AI, from Arbitration to ‘Robotration’ and from Human Arbitrator to Robot
Authors: Snijders Henk
Published: July 2024

This piece considers the interplay between arbitration and artificial intelligence (AI). It includes a general overview of the applicability of AI to arbitration proceedings. It questions the development from arbitration to ‘robotration’ and from human arbitrator to robot arbitrator. The author defines AI and focusses on the opportunities of its application in legal practice and in arbitration in particular. He acknowledges that Al does play an important and justified role in arbitration. It is impossible to imagine legal practice without legaltech nowadays and it will undoubtedly become increasingly sophisticated and helpful in the future; we all should be eager to participate in this process. However, by its nature, AI cannot decide law cases properly, as is argued by the author in a step-by-step analysis of the legal decision-making process in detail. This also applies to socalled ‘simple cases’. The author warns that cases can rarely be qualified in advance as being ‘simple’. Even dealing with default cases, for example, can be a delicate and complex matter: many technical legal issues may arise, especially in an international setting, and these require particular attention from a judge or arbitrator, sometimes even sua sponte. The detailed step-bystep analysis of the legal decision-making process in this article underlines that a judge or arbitrator never should be replaced by a robot, not even in simple cases.
Writing a Field into Existence: The Divergence of Conflict Resolution and Alternative Dispute Resolution (Mediation)
Authors: Phillips Isabel A.
Published: July 2024

Mediation is often held out as a panacea. The current state is that information and exchange seldom flow freely between different areas of Dispute and Conflict Resolution theory and practice, and the quality and quantity of mediation research are suffering as a result. Analysis of the historiography of the fields of Conflict Resolution/Conflict Transformation (CR) and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) reveals evidence of how and why this compartmentalisation has arisen and provides clear evidence of common origins and of the divergence of ADR and CR from the 1980s onwards. This is demonstrated through a qualitative analysis of the historiography of the two fields, cross-field UK/USA English language author analysis, analysis of how each field represents itself and the ‘other’, and the impact of this representation. bI apply ADR in this article as capturing mediation and negotiation as its primary focus, not arbitration. This is due to some OECD English-speaking jurisdictions no longer considering arbitration to be ‘ADR’, because the time, cost and procedure in arbitration has made it virtually indistinguishable from judge-led court processes in these jurisdictions. /bbPlease note the world-wide variation in the application of the term ‘ADR’./b
Alternative Dispute Resolution and Civil Justice: A Relationship Resolved?
Authors: Waters Ben
Published: July 2024

At a time when there was a perceived civil justice crisis, The Modern Law Review of May 1993 published an article written by Simon Roberts in which he reasserted the importance of party control over dispute processes and their professional management, and between negotiated outcomes and imposed decisions. The article presented here revisits Roberts’s view that the strained relationship between civil justice and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) (particularly mediation) could be mitigated by introducing three models designed to encourage extrajudicial dispute resolution. The author reassesses the relationship between ADR and civil justice, and the extent to which Roberts’s models have been incorporated is evaluated. To understand how civil justice reform in England and Wales has and will affect the way in which those who use the civil justice system engage with it, this article provides an analysis of the developing relationship between ADR and the civil justice system and suggests its future direction.
The Quest for an Appropriate Dispute Resolution Method in the Oil and Gas Sector in India
Authors: Vidhyansh Vaibhav , Tripathi Aditi
Published: July 2024

As a core sector, the oil and gas industry plays a significant role in shaping the Indian economy. Companies are given license to undertake exploration activities under different forms of granting instruments such as Concessions, Production Sharing Contracts [‘bPSC/b’], and Revenue Sharing Contracts [‘bRSC/b’]. The government initially adopted a relatively complex granting instrument (PSC) for engaging private players in exploration activities. Experience has shown that due to their complex structure, PSCs are prone to giving rise to a wide array of disputes. Twenty-two out of the 310 PSCs entered into by the government of India have been referred to arbitration and, should the trends hold, many more will be referred in the future. Although the government has switched from the PSC model to the RSC model, the nature of disputes remains essentially the same under both instruments. In this article, after discussing the nature of disputes that arise in the oil and gas industry, the regulatory framework in the sector, and aspects such as the volume of investment and the long-term engagement between the parties, the authors put forth a case for replacing arbitration with a non-confrontational mode of dispute resolution (i.e., mediation), so as to preserve the business relationship between the parties after disputes while avoiding the plethora of pitfalls surrounding arbitration.
A Permanent Body of Adjudicators as ISDS Reform: Can We Still Call It Arbitration?
Authors: Moreira Raquel Macedo
Published: July 2024

The article comments on the effects of the proposal to create a permanent international investment tribunal as replacement of and answer to the concerns in respect of the current Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) system. Specifically, the article examines the eleven provisions published by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in relation to the selection and appointment of ISDS tribunal members vis-à-vis their potential to undermine the parties’ autonomy and balance of powers, as well as the enforceability of a decision eventually rendered. The aim of this contribution is to advance the debate about the suggested reform and consider whether the degree of change entailed by the proposal would still allow for the mechanism to be defined as international arbitration.
Claiming Head Office Overhead and Profit: Are Formulas a Legally or a Commercially Acceptable Contraption? A Quantum Expert’s View
Authors: Le Flohic Trephine , Rayo Xavier , Linares Thierry
Published: July 2024

Often applied by claiming parties, standard formulae are an easy tool to devise a value for the ‘Unabsorbed Head Office Overhead and Profit’ in a claim for compensation of damages caused by delays and/or by additional works. However, their use may lead to unproportioned results, disconnected from the reality of the contract, as well as lacking contractual and/or legal grounds. Whilst these formulae are cited in the ‘SCL Protocol for Delay and Disruption’ and other literature, giving the impression of entitlement, their hackneyed application regularly overlooks the pertinent caveats from such documents, but also the deficiencies inherent to an unreflective utilization. A deeper look into the facts of the project and the available evidence should take precedence to determine the best approach to quantify the losses related to overhead and profit.
Impact and Effects of International Economic Sanctions on International Arbitration
Authors: Walker Steven , Ngo Steve
Published: July 2024

In today’s turbulent global geopolitical landscape, economic sanctions are becoming an important feature. In essence, this is a difficult subject to discuss because it involves international diplomacy and politics. However, sanctions invariably influence global trade and commerce and directly affect the business community, including private individuals or organizations wishing to avoid international politics and diplomacy. At the same time, we are seeing an unprecedented rise in the use of arbitration to resolve international and private commercial disputes. As a result, arbitrants and arbitral players must now navigate the minefield of sanctions in the midst of the already complex conduct of arbitration. This article will examine and discuss the issue of how economic sanctions affect arbitration, including reference to recent case studies and relevant events of interest to the international arbitral community.
Are Cryptocurrency Assets a Protected Investment Under Investment Treaties?
Authors: Rubinina Evgeniya
Published: July 2024

This article considers the jurisdictional aspects of protection of cryptocurrencies under investment treaties, namely: (1) whether or not cryptocurrencies constitute an asset capable of protection under investment treaties and, in particular, the relevance of recognition of title to cryptocurrency under the applicable law, as well as whether such assets qualify for protection under the Salini test; (2) how the territorial link to the host state can be established, given the delocalized nature of cryptocurrencies and blockchain. A parallel is drawn to the line of jurisprudence on whether or not delocalized financial instruments such as bonds can constitute protected investments under Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). It is concluded that whether or not cryptocurrencies can qualify as protected investments will inevitably depend on the specific circumstances of each case. There is no reason why cryptocurrency assets cannot, in principle, be a protected investment under investment treaties; however, at least for self-standing investments consisting of cryptocurrency only, it may be challenging to meet the requirement of proving contribution to the development of the host state.
Institutional Arbitration in the UAE: Looking for Missing Pieces of the Puzzle
Authors: Hussein Emad
Published: July 2024

With over ten active arbitral institutions in its territory, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) boasts of a rich history of institutional arbitration. Nevertheless, leading international arbitration surveys from the last decade reveal that arbitral institutions in the UAE are yet to receive global recognition and ranking. Recent developments, such as the adoption of the Federal Arbitration Law (FAL), 2018 and the amendments to the Dubai International Arbitration Centre (DIAC) Rules, 2022 aim to place the UAE on the global map for institutional arbitration. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the factors that have inhibited global success for arbitral institutions in the UAE and to discuss whether the current reforms may bring hope for the future.
Web3 and Beyond: Arbitration or Consumer Rights: The Victor Is …
Authors: Bratu Ioana , Davar Michael
Published: July 2024

This article deals with a new area of legal research at the intersection of jurisdictional issues (the effect of Brussels Recast in the United Kingdom after Brexit), EU law, and the arbitrability of consumer disputes in the context of Web3 transactions. The topic stems from a recent English High Court case, Soleymani v. Nifty Gateway. The authors tease out the main issues that the Court of Appeal will have to grapple with in deciding this case.
Chartered Institute of Arbitrators, London Keynote address 27 April 2023 What makes a good arbitrator?
Authors: Vajda Christopher
Published: July 2024

The author considers the issue of the independence and impartiality of arbitrators in the light of his experience as a judge as a Judge of the Court of Justice. He goes on to examine the selection of arbitrators in trade and investment Treaties and other public law disputes. He then looks at how arbitrations can be case managed, the role of the Tribunal at an oral hearing, the drafting of awards, how far arbitrators should develop the law, and training of arbitrators.