bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualidade físico-química e sensorial da carne de peito de matrizes pesadas de descarte
Authors: Komiyama Claudia Marie , Mendes Ariel Antonio , Sanfelice Cristiane , Cañizares Marleide Costa , Roça Roberto de Oliveira , Takahashi Sabrina Endo , Rodrigues Luciana , Cañizares Gil Ignácio Lara , Paz Ibiara Correia de Lima Almeida , Cardoso Karen Franco de Godoi
Published: September 2010

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar as características de qualidade: pH, cor, valor R, perda por exsudação, capacidade de retenção e absorção de água, capacidade de emulsificação, perdas por cocção, força de cisalhamento e análise sensorial da carne de matrizes pesadas de descarte de frangos de corte. A carne de peito de matrizes apresentou valores médios do parâmetro pH, valor R, perda por exsudação e valor de L* de 5,70, 1,43, 2,00 e 50,11, respectivamente. Para a capacidade de retenção e absorção de água, perda de peso por cozimento e força de cisalhamento, os valores médios foram de 77, 58, 18% e 4,94kgf cm-2, respectivamente. Na análise sensorial, a carne de matriz apresentou baixa intensidade de maciez (6,9) e menor suculência (3,4) e foi a mais elástica, borrachenta e difícil de deglutir. A carne de matrizes pesadas de descarte apresenta boas características de qualidade tecnológicas que possibilitam sua utilização como matéria-prima para a elaboração de industrializados.
Estudo da estabilidade fenotípica de feijoeiro com grãos especiais
Authors: Gonçalves João Guilherme Ribeiro , Chiorato Alisson Fernando , Morais Lizz Kezzy de , Perina Eliana Francischinelli , Farias Francine Lunardi , Carbonell Sérgio Augusto Morais
Published: September 2010

Obejtivou-se no presente trabalho avaliar os parâmetros de adaptabilidade e de estabilidade de linhagens e cultivares de feijoeiro, com grãos especiais, por meio do uso do genótipo suplementar (GS) em análise AMMI (Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction). Foram utilizados dados de produtividade de grãos de 14 genótipos de feijoeiro pertencentes ao ensaio de Valor de Cultivo e Uso (VCU), para o estado de São Paulo, referente às safras de 2005/2006/2007, semeados em 24 ambientes no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Pôde-se observar diferenças no comportamento dos genótipos em função do estímulo do ambiente, uma vez que a interação genótipo x ambiente foi significativa. Para tanto os genótipos Gen 99 TGR 34-16 (época das águas), Jalo Precoce e IAC - Centauro (época da seca), Gen 99 TG 28-68 e IAC-Centauro (época de inverno) e IAC-Boreal (conjunto das três épocas) apresentaram-se estáveis, pois seus valores de escores foram próximos de zero. Em relação ao conjunto das três épocas de semeadura não foi detectado nenhum genótipo próximo ao GS, no entanto os genótipos IAPAR-31 e IAC-Centauro (época da seca), Gen 99 TG 28-68 e IAC-Centauro (época de inverno) aproximaram-se desse ponto tendo como característica o fato de interagirem com os ambientes de maneira mais favorável possível. Sendo assim, o método AMMI combinado com o uso do GS auxilia na identificação de genótipos superiores.
Qualidade de sabor de tomates dos tipos salada e cereja e sua relação com caracteres morfoagronômicos dos frutos
Authors: Sobreira Fábio Moreira , Sobreira Fabricio Moreira , Almeida Gustavo Dias de , Coelho Ruimário Inácio , Rodrigues Rosana , Matta Frederico de Pina
Published: September 2010

Frutos no estádio vermelho maduro de trinta e três acessos de tomate do banco de germoplasma do CCA-UFES, sendo 15 do "tipo Cereja" e 18 do "tipo Salada", foram caracterizados com base nos seguintes descritores morfoagronômicos: peso médio do fruto; comprimento médio do fruto; diâmetro médio do fruto; diâmetro da cicatriz peduncular; espessura do mesocarpo do fruto; teor de sólidos solúveis e pH do fruto. Com base nas variáveis teor de sólidos solúveis (TSS) e pH do fruto, calculou-se a variável sabor, por meio da relação TSS/pH². Foram realizadas análises de variâncias e análises de correlações simples e parciais, determinando a distribuição dos acessos quanto às classes de sabor. Com base nas distribuições de frequências, formaram-se quatro classes para essa variável, sendo que, a maior parcela (33%) dos acessos "tipo Salada" alocaram-se na classe mais baixa (0,05-0,12 ºBrix.pH-2), correspondendo a frutos de sabor menos desejável, enquanto a maior parcela (30%) dos acessos "tipo Cereja", alocaram-se em classe imediatamente superior (0,13-0,20 ºBrix.pH-2). Os dados demonstram a possibilidade de se obter ganhos genéticos para sabor concomitantemente ao peso, comprimento e espessura do mesocarpo dos frutos.
Microdiscectomia lombar tubular com o uso de seringas descartáveis de diâmetros progressivos: resultados cirúrgicos
Authors: Anderle Diogo Valli , Joaquim Andrei Fernandes , Giglio Marcus Vinicius , Ghizoni Enrico , Esteves Luis Adriano
Published: September 2010

OBJETIVO: descrever técnica minimamente invasiva para abordagem das hérnias discais com material de baixo custo. MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo da avaliação dos resultados cirúrgicos de dez pacientes submetidos à microdiscectomia lombar tubular com uso de seringas descartáveis de diâmetros progressivos. RESULTADOS: utilizando os critérios de MacNab modificados, 60% dos pacientes apresentaram resultados considerados excelentes, 30% bons e 10% razoáveis. O tempo médio de cirurgia foi de 70 minutos e o de permanência hospitalar, de 14 horas. CONCLUSÃO: o uso de seringas descartáveis para microdiscectomia tubular foi seguro, de baixo custo e com resultados preliminares semelhantes aos da literatura para o tratamento minimamente invasivo da hérnia discal lombar.
Na trilha do manejo científico da floresta tropical: indústria madeireira e florestas nacionais
Authors: Ioris Edviges Marta
Published: September 2010

O texto aborda a elaboração de políticas governamentais direcionadas às reservas florestais no Brasil durante o século XX, até a adoção da categoria de Floresta Nacional, em meados da década de 1960, para designar áreas públicas de exploração madeireira. Discorre sobre as principais motivações para a promoção e o ordenamento da produção madeireira no país, e o seu direcionamento para a Amazônia, de acordo com o projeto geopolítico dos militares para modernização e aceleração do crescimento da economia regional. Em 1974, o governo federal criou a Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, no estado do Pará, com o objetivo de impulsionar e disciplinar a atividade madeireira nos parâmetros do manejo florestal científico, conceito que foi gerado na Alemanha em meados do século XVIII e que fundamentou, nos Estados Unidos, a criação do sistema de reservas denominadas de Florestas Nacionais no início do século XX. A emergência de um sistema de reservas florestais na Amazônia visou contribuir para a abertura do mercado exportador madeireiro, que contava com fortes incentivos técnicos e fiscais. Entretanto, a exploração não foi realizada em áreas de reserva florestal e nem seguiu qualquer preceito do moderno manejo florestal, apesar do eventual alcance internacional das exportações de madeira na Amazônia.
Análise agrossocial da percepção de agricultores familiares sobre sistemas agroflorestais no nordeste do estado do Pará, Brasil
Authors: Henkel Karl , Amaral Idemê Gomes
Published: September 2010

Em 2005, foi conduzida uma pesquisa sobre sistemas agroflorestais (SAF), tendo como estudo de caso os agricultores familiares do Projeto de Assentamento Arapuã-Simeira, no município de Garrafão do Norte, estado do Pará, Brasil. O propósito foi descrever e sistematizar as características agrossociais dos agricultores familiares e suas experiências e percepções sobre SAF. A metodologia constou de visitas a campo, aplicação de questionários padronizados, observação e discussão em grupo. Os agricultores privilegiam algumas espécies perenes e florestais para o plantio consorciado. A principal explicação para a introdução de espécies no sistema foi os motivos econômicos e o comportamento social. Percebe-se uma complexidade na escolha de produtos e no manejo agrícola em cada propriedade, resultando numa combinação de diferentes sistemas agrícolas apropriados às condições locais. Os agricultores demonstraram capacidade de decisão sobre a combinação ideal para cada sistema agrícola. A pesquisa mostra a trajetória agrossocial e sociocultural dos agricultores e faz especulações sobre os possíveis desafios que implicariam a adoção de SAF na agricultura familiar. Uma abordagem sistêmica poderá ser muito útil no entendimento das relações e dos processos sociais, os quais são importantes aspectos na questão rural e agrária.
A New Pressure/Rate-Deconvolution Algorithm To Analyze Wireline-Formation-Tester and Well-Test Data
Authors: Pimonov Evgeny , Ayan Cosan , Onur Mustafa , Kuchuk Fikri
Published: September 2010

Reconstructing constant-rate drawdown-pressure response and its logarithmic time (or Bourdet) derivative by deconvolution from multirate pressure-transient data is very important for wellbore-/ reservoir-system identification and interpretation. In recent years, the use of pressure/rate deconvolution has increased considerably because of significant improvement of the algorithms. In this paper, we present a new deconvolution algorithm based on a weighted Euclidean norm in the Tikhonov (1963) regularized objective function so that one can assign weights to individual pressure- and rate-measurement points, and, thus, define different error estimates for different sections of the data. Incorporating such features into the deconvolution algorithm is very useful to mitigate the effects of unreliable pressure and rate measurements and the sections of the data not obviously consistent with the wellbore/reservoir model.

We present two applications of the new algorithm using real field pressure/rate transient data sets. In addition to conventional drillstem-test (DST) well-test data, we apply the algorithm to wireline formation-tester (WFT) pressure transients, which are usually also referred to as interval pressure-transient tests (IPTTs). The results show that the new deconvolution algorithm presented in this paper is useful in interpreting pressure/rate transient data from both formation and well tests.
A Model To Calculate the Theoretical Critical Flow Rate Through Venturi Gas Lift Valves
Authors: Almeida Alcino R.
Published: September 2010

A model to calculate the theoretical critical flow rate of nitrogen (N2) or natural gas through a Venturi gas lift valve is described herein. This new model considers real-gas effects not only in density calculations but also in other thermodynamic properties that are relevant during gas isentropic evolution.

For the properties of N2, the Bennedict, Webb, and Rubin (BWR) equation of state and an accurate correlation for the ideal-gas isobaric heat capacity were used. For natural gas, the Dranchuk and Abou-Kassem equation, which reproduces the well-known Standing and Katz chart, was used, and, for the ideal-gas isobaric heat capacity, it was assumed that the natural gas was a mixture of methane and ethane only, their individual ideal-gas heat capacity being calculated by updated correlations.

To validate the use of the proposed equations of state, a comparison of calculated with experimental or reference data on properties of N2 and natural gas (including pure methane and some relevant mixtures) was performed with very good results for N2 and for natural-gas compositions usual in gas lift operations (dry gas with very small amounts of contaminants). For natural gas with moderate amounts of N2 and carbon dioxide (CO2), accurate results were obtained after correction of critical conditions and of ideal heat capacity. The model was also compared with other theoretical models found in the literature, which use compositional approaches for natural gas, with excellent results. Some experimental results obtained with commercial Venturi valves manufactured in Brazil are also presented.
Preparation and electrochemical application of rutin biosensor for differential pulse voltammetric determination of NADH in the presence of acetaminophen
Authors: Zare Hamid , Samimi Reza , Nasirizadeh Navid , Mazloum-Ardakani Mohammad
Published: September 2010

The electrocatalytic behavior of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
(NADH) was studied at the surface of a rutin biosensor, using various
electrochemical methods. According to the results, the rutin biosensor had a
strongly electrocatalytic effect on the oxidation of NADH with the
overpotential being decreased by about 450 mV as compared to the process at a
bare glassy carbon electrode, GCE. This value is significantly greater than
the value of 220 mV that was reported for rutin embedded in a lipid-cast
film. The kinetic parameters of the electron transfer coefficient, ?, and the
heterogeneous charge transfer rate constant, kh, for the electrocatalytic
oxidation of NADH at the rutin biosensor were estimated. Furthermore, the
linear dynamic range; sensitivity and limit of detection for NADH were
evaluated using the differential pulse voltammetry method. The advantages of
this biosensor for the determination of NADH are excellent catalytic activity
and reproducibility, good detection limit and high exchange current density.
The rutin biosensor could separate the oxidation peak potentials of NADH and
acetaminophen present in the same solution while at a bare GCE, the peak
potentials were indistinguishable.
Cardiac and Cognitive Effects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy: Are They Real?
Authors: Alibhai Shabbir , Mohamedali H. Z.
Published: September 2010

With androgen deprivation therapy being used ever earlier and longer in the course of prostate cancer, concerns have emerged about a variety of adverse effects, including cardiovascular disease and cognitive dysfunction. Conflicting data in both areas have led to controversy and confusion. Here, we review published data in an attempt to clarify those issues.
Pharmacologic Immunomodulation and Cutaneous Malignancy in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriasis, and Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: KRATHEN MICHAEL S. , GOTTLIEB ALICE B. , MEASE PHILIP J.
Published: September 2010

Objective.

It is unclear if skin cancer risk is affected by the use of immunomodulatory medications in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The purpose of this study is to evaluate and summarize the available data pertinent to this question.

Methods.

The English language literature on PubMed was searched with a combination of phrases, including “malignancy,” “skin cancer,” “squamous cell carcinoma,” “basal cell carcinoma,” “melanoma,” “psoriasis,” “psoriatic arthritis,” and “rheumatoid arthritis” in addition to the generic names of a variety of common immunomodulatory drugs. Relevant articles were identified and data were extracted.

Results.

In total, 2218 potentially relevant articles were identified through the search process. After further screening, 20 articles relevant to RA were included. An additional 19 articles relevant to either psoriasis or PsA were included as well. RA may be a risk factor for the development of cutaneous malignancy. Treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors increases the rates of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in RA and psoriasis. This risk doubles when combination methotrexate therapy is used in RA. Methotrexate may increase the risk of malignant melanoma in patients with RA and the risk of NMSC in psoriasis. Cyclosporine and prior phototherapy significantly increase the risk of NMSC.

Conclusion.

RA may potentiate the risk of cutaneous malignancy and therefore dermatologic screening in this population should be considered. The use of immunomodulatory therapy in RA, psoriasis, and PsA may further increase the risk of cutaneous malignancy and therefore dermatologic screening examinations are warranted in these groups. More careful recording of skin cancer development during clinical trials and cohort studies is necessary to further delineate the risks of immunomodulatory therapy.
I Kept Crying
Authors: Harmon Alexis
Published: May 2024

In this narrative medicine essay, a second-year pediatric resident bears the scars from the terror that descended the moment of her son’s birth at 31 weeks’ gestation, terror relived even after he has come home healthy.
Emerging variants, unique phenotypes, and transcriptomic signatures: an integrated study of COASY‐associated diseases
Authors: Cavestro Chiara , Morra Francesca , Legati Andrea , D'Amato Marco , Nasca Alessia , Iuso Arcangela , Lubarr Naomi , Morrison Jennifer L. , Wheeler Patricia G. , Serra‐Juhé Clara , Rodríguez‐Santiago Benjamín , Turón‐Viñas Eulalia , Prouteau Clement , Barth Magalie , Hayflick Susan J. , Ghezzi Daniele , Tiranti Valeria , Di Meo Ivano
Published: May 2024

Objective

COASY, the gene encoding the bifunctional enzyme CoA synthase, which catalyzes the last two reactions of cellular de novo coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis, has been linked to two exceedingly rare autosomal recessive disorders, such as COASY protein‐associated neurodegeneration (CoPAN), a form of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), and pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 12 (PCH12). We aimed to expand the phenotypic spectrum and gain insights into the pathogenesis of COASY‐related disorders.

Methods

Patients were identified through targeted or exome sequencing. To unravel the molecular mechanisms of disease, RNA sequencing, bioenergetic analysis, and quantification of critical proteins were performed on fibroblasts.

Results

We identified five new individuals harboring novel COASY variants. While one case exhibited classical CoPAN features, the others displayed atypical symptoms such as deafness, language and autism spectrum disorders, brain atrophy, and microcephaly. All patients experienced epilepsy, highlighting its potential frequency in COASY‐related disorders. Fibroblast transcriptomic profiling unveiled dysregulated expression in genes associated with mitochondrial respiration, responses to oxidative stress, transmembrane transport, various cellular signaling pathways, and protein translation, modification, and trafficking. Bioenergetic analysis revealed impaired mitochondrial oxygen consumption in COASY fibroblasts. Despite comparable total CoA levels to control cells, the amounts of mitochondrial 4′‐phosphopantetheinylated proteins were significantly reduced in COASY patients.

Interpretation

These results not only extend the clinical phenotype associated with COASY variants but also suggest a continuum between CoPAN and PCH12. The intricate interplay of altered cellular processes and signaling pathways provides valuable insights for further research into the pathogenesis of COASY‐associated diseases.
Influence of a Preageing Treatment on the Cluster Formation and the Further Ageing Route in Al–Mg–Si Extrusion Alloys
Authors: Ortner Patrick , Schiffl Andreas , Höppel Heinz Werner
Published: May 2024

Herein, the influence of one‐ and two‐step preageing treatments prior to the artificial ageing step to peak age condition for three different 6xxx alloys, from low to high alloy content, is investigated. Analysis of the preaged conditions using atom probe tomography (APT) reveals a broad distribution of Mg and Si clusters, with some instances of Guinier‐Preston I zones present. Additionally, the high alloyed system exhibits a growth of precipitates toward a needle‐like shaped. These clusters formed during the preageing treatment serve as nucleation sites in the subsequent artificial ageing treatment, leading to an increase in hardness. Microstructural analysis conducted using transmission electron microscopy and APT demonstrates a reduction in the average precipitate length and a more narrow size distribution for T6 condition. This indicates that the preageing treatment results in a decreased portion of already overaged precipitates compared to the direct aged condition. Consequently, the more narrow size distribution of the precipitates leads to more effective hardening of the material, as a higher portion of precipitates is at or close to their optimum size. The investigations highlight the significant influence and positive effect of a preageing treatment at lower temperatures on the subsequent artificial ageing treatment.
Adaptive Interfacial Materials and Implants for Visual Restoration
Authors: Zhu Xule , Wang Fang , Zhao Qilong , Du Xuemin
Published: May 2024

Blindness is a globally critical challenge for public health, affecting more than 43 million individuals worldwide. Retinal degenerative diseases including retinitis pigmentosa and age‐related macular degeneration, involving degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and thereby the dysfunction of retina, are primary causes of blindness. For treating these retinal degeneration diseases, emerging interfacial materials and implants that can adapt to nerve tissues and stimulate residual neurons within the visual pathway have shown particular promise, where some issued products are approved for commercialization. Given the attractive opportunities and challenges of the interfacial materials and implants for visual restoration, a comprehensive and state‐of‐the‐art review that provides insight into their design principle and biological performances will be urgently required yet missing. In this review, the latest progress of these adaptive interfacial materials and implants for visual restoration will be summarized, and their challenges and opportunities for clinical use will be further discussed.
Boron Nitride Nanosheets: Thickness‐Related Properties and Applications
Authors: Cai Qiran , Li Lu Hua , Mateti Srikanth , Bhattacharjee Amrito , Fan Ye , Huang Shaoming , Chen Ying Ian
Published: May 2024

Owing to its exceptional properties and wide‐ranging potential applications from aerospace to medicine, hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) has garnered considerable attention over the past decades. Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs), atomically thin h‐BN, not only inherit most of the outstanding properties of h‐BN but also exhibit superior characteristics compared to their bulk counterpart due to their reduced thickness, such as special adsorption behaviors and enhanced thermal conductivity. Furthermore, BNNSs display distinct thickness‐dependent properties from graphene and other 2D materials, such as unique mechanical response under indentation. This feature article provides an overview of the thickness‐related special properties of BNNSs, primarily derived from mechanically exfoliated h‐BN single crystals. These properties span various domains, including Raman signatures, molecule adsorption‐induced conformational changes, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion coefficients. Moreover, the feature article explores the underlying mechanisms governing these atomic‐scale thickness effects. Leveraging their unique properties, the feature article investigates diverse applications of BNNSs, encompassing surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, metal‐enhanced fluorescence, and isotropic thermal management.
A Large‐Scale Fabrication of Flexible, Ultrathin, and Robust Solid Electrolyte for Solid‐State Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Nie Lu , Zhu Jinling , Wu Xiaoyan , Zhang Mengtian , Xiao Xiao , Gao Runhua , Wu Xinru , Zhu Yanfei , Chen Shaojie , Han Zhiyuan , Yu Yi , Wang Shaogang , Ling Shengjie , Zhou Guangmin
Published: May 2024

All‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) are considered as the most promising candidates for the next‐generation high‐safety batteries. To achieve high energy density in ASSLMBs, it is essential that the solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) are lightweight, thin, and possess superior electrochemical stability. In this study, a feasible and scalable fabrication approach to construct 3D supporting skeleton using an electro‐blown spinning technique is proposed. This skeleton not only enhances the mechanical strength but also hinders the migration of Li‐salt anions, improving the lithium‐ion transference number of the SSE. This provides a homogeneous distribution of Li‐ion flux and local current density, promoting uniform Li deposition. As a result, based on the mechanically robust and thin SSEs, the Li symmetric cells show outstanding Li plating/stripping reversibility. Besides, a stable interface contact between SSE and Li anode has been established with the formation of an F‐enriched solid electrolyte interface layer. The solid‐state Li|sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (Li|SPAN) cell achieves a capacity retention ratio of 94.0% after 350 cycles at 0.5 C. Also, the high‐voltage Li|LCO cell shows a capacity retention of 92.4% at 0.5 C after 500 cycles. This fabrication approach for SSEs is applicable for commercially large‐scale production and application in high‐energy‐density and high‐safety ASSLMBs.
In Situ Preparation of Superconducting Infinite‐Layer Nickelate Thin Films with Atomically Flat Surface
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Wang Zhichao , Hao Bo , Yan Shengjun , Sun Haoying , Gu Zhengbin , Deng Yu , Nie Yuefeng
Published: May 2024

Since their discovery, the infinite‐layer nickelates have been regarded as an appealing system for gaining deeper insights into high‐temperature superconductivity (HTSC). However, the synthesis of superconducting samples has been proven to be challenging. Here, an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) reduction method is developed using atomic hydrogen as a reducing agent and is applied in the lanthanum nickelate system. The reduction parameters, including the reduction temperature (TR) and hydrogen pressure (PH), are systematically explored. It is found that the reduction window for achieving superconducting transition is quite wide, reaching nearly 80°C in TR and three orders of magnitude in PH when the reduction time is set to 30 min. And there exists an optimal PH for achieving the highest Tc if both TR and reduction time are fixed. More prominently, as confirmed by atomic force microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy, the atomically flat surface can be preserved during the reduction process, providing advantages over the CaH2 method for surface‐sensitive experiments.
Bio‐Inspired Magnetic‐Responsive Supramolecular‐Covalent Semi‐Convertible Hydrogel
Authors: Gao Feng , Jiang Hongyue , Wang Dayang , Wang Shutao , Song Wenlong
Published: May 2024

Bio‐inspired magnetic‐responsive hydrogel is confined in exceedingly narrow spaces for soft robots and biomedicine in either gel state or magnetofluidic sol state. However, the motion of the gel state magnetic hydrogel will be inhibited in various irregular spaces due to the fixed shape and size and the sol‐state magnetofluid gel may bring unpredictable residues in the confined narrow space. Inspired by the dynamic liquid lubricating mechanism of biological systems, novel magnetic‐responsive semi‐convertible hydrogel (MSCH) is developed through imbedding magnetic‐responsive gelatin and amino‐modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles network into the covalent network of polyvinyl alcohol, which can be switched between gel state and gel–sol state in response to magnetic stimuli. It can be attributed the disassembly of triple‐helix structures of the gelatin under the action of the magnetic field, driven by force from the magnetic particles conjugated on the gelatin chain through electrostatic interactions, while the covalent network retains the hydrogel structural integrity. This leads to a sol layer on the MSCH surface enabling the MSCH to pass effectively through the confined channel or obstacle under magnetic field. The present MSCH will provide an alternative mode for magnetic field‐related soft robots or actuators.
Simulation of the Thermal Behavior of a Photovoltaic Solar Panel Using Recent Explicit Numerical Methods
Authors: Nagy Ádám , Bodnár István , Kovács Endre
Published: May 2024

Heat transfer processes in a photovoltaic (PV) silicon solar panel are simulated under standard circumstances. A model containing an intricate treatment of the incoming solar radiation, long‐wave radiation, conduction, convection, and electrical power output is developed in mathematical form. To solve the time‐dependent partial differential equation, recent explicit numerical methods are utilized, which are unconditionally stable for heat conduction problems. Since very realistic values are obtained for the temperature and the dependent electrical variables such as the power output, one can conclude that these methods are efficient.
Incidence of knee and hip joint replacement associated with cumulative exposure to physical factors at work
Authors: d'Errico Angelo , Fontana Dario , Filippi Michelangelo
Published: May 2024

Background

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) has been quite consistently associated with high physical workload and specific physical factors at work, while for hip OA, fewer studies are available, which still indicate possible associations with heavy lifting and physical workload. The objective of the study was to assess the association between exposure to workplace physical factors and incidence of knee and hip arthroplasty, as markers of severe OA in these joints.

Methods

The study population was composed of employees 25–60 years who participated in the Turin 2011 census. For each job held since 1995, exposure to physical factors was assigned to individuals in the cohort through a Job‐Exposure Matrix constructed from the Italian O*NET database. Using Poisson regression models, the incidence of knee and hip arthroplasty for OA, identified through hospitalizations from 2012 to 2018, was examined in relation to cumulative exposure to 7 different physical hazards and a composite indicator of physical workload constructed from 17 physical factors (Ergo‐Index).

Results

The risk of knee OA was significantly increased in the highest cumulative exposure quartile of physical workload (incidence rate ratio = 1.98, 95% confidence interval: 1.24–3.16) and of all single hazards examined, compared to the lowest quartile, with significant trends in risk with increasing exposure. In contrast, no association was found with hip OA, whose relative risks were close to or below one in all higher‐exposure quartiles of physical workload and of each single hazard.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that exposure to physical hazards at work increases the likelihood of developing knee OA, but not hip OA.
Urolithin A improves Alzheimer's disease cognition and restores mitophagy and lysosomal functions
Authors: Hou Yujun , Chu Xixia , Park Jae‐Hyeon , Zhu Qing , Hussain Mansoor , Li Zhiquan , Madsen Helena Borland , Yang Beimeng , Wei Yong , Wang Yue , Fang Evandro F. , Croteau Deborah L. , Bohr Vilhelm A.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Compromised autophagy, including impaired mitophagy and lysosomal function, plays pivotal roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Urolithin A (UA) is a gut microbial metabolite of ellagic acid that stimulates mitophagy. The effects of UA's long‐term treatment of AD and mechanisms of action are unknown.

METHODS

We addressed these questions in three mouse models of AD with behavioral, electrophysiological, biochemical, and bioinformatic approaches.

RESULTS

Long‐term UA treatment significantly improved learning, memory, and olfactory function in different AD transgenic mice. UA also reduced amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathologies and enhanced long‐term potentiation. UA induced mitophagy via increasing lysosomal functions. UA improved cellular lysosomal function and normalized lysosomal cathepsins, primarily cathepsin Z, to restore lysosomal function in AD, indicating the critical role of cathepsins in UA‐induced therapeutic effects on AD.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study highlights the importance of lysosomal dysfunction in AD etiology and points to the high translational potential of UA.

Highlights

Long‐term urolithin A (UA) treatment improved learning, memory, and olfactory function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice.

UA restored lysosomal functions in part by regulating cathepsin Z (Ctsz) protein.

UA modulates immune responses and AD‐specific pathophysiological pathways.
Redox Approaches to Carbene Generation in Catalytic Cyclopropanation Reactions
Authors: Liu Mingxin , Uyeda Christopher
Published: May 2024

Transition metal‐catalyzed carbene transfer reactions have a century‐old history in organic chemistry and are a primary method for the synthesis of cyclopropanes. Much of the work in this field has focused on the use of diazo compounds and related precursors, which can transfer a carbene fragment to a catalyst with concomitant loss of a stable byproduct. Despite the utility of this approach, there are persistent limitations in the scope of viable carbenes, most notably those lacking stabilizing substituents. By coupling carbene transfer chemistry with two‐electron redox cycles, it is possible to expand the available starting materials that can be used as carbene precursors. In this Minireview, we discuss emerging catalytic reductive cyclopropanation reactions using either gem‐dihaloalkanes or carbonyl compounds. This strategy is inspired by classic stoichiometric transformations, such as the Simmons–Smith cyclopropanation and the Clemmensen reduction, but instead entails the formation of a catalytically generated transition metal carbene or carbenoid. We also present recent efforts to generate carbenes directly from methylene (CR2H2) groups via a formal 1,1‐dehydrogenation. These reactions are currently restricted to substrates containing electron‐withdrawing substituents, which serve to facilitate deprotonation and subsequent oxidation of the anion.
Studies on the Biomimetic Synthesis of Marine Ladder Polyethers via Endo‐Selective Epoxide‐to‐Epoxonium Ring‐Opening Cascades
Authors: Xiao Jia‐Xi , Li Feng‐Xing , Ren Shu‐Jian , Qu Jin
Published: May 2024

Marine ladder polyethers have attracted the attention of chemists and biologists because of their potent biological activities. Synthetic chemists have attempted to construct their polyether frameworks by epoxide ring‐opening cascades, as Nakanishi hypothesis describes. However, Baldwin's rules of ring closure state that exo‐selective intramolecular cyclization of epoxy alcohols is preferred over endo‐selective cyclization. Herein, we investigated epoxide ring‐opening cascades of polyepoxy alcohols in [EMIM]BF4/PFTB (1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate /perfluoro‐tert‐butyl alcohol) and found that all‐endo products were formed via epoxide‐to‐epoxonium ring‐opening cyclizations (not restricted by Baldwin's rules, which only apply to intramolecular hydroxyl‐to‐epoxide cyclizations). We determined that the key factor enabling polyepoxy alcohols to undergo a high proportion of all‐endo‐selective cyclization was inhibition of exo‐selective hydroxyl‐to‐epoxide cyclization starting from the terminal hydroxyl group of a polyepoxy alcohol. By introducing a slow‐release protecting group to the terminal hydroxyl group, we could markedly increase the cyclization yields of polyether fragments with hydrogen atoms at the ring junctions. For the first time, we constructed consecutively fused six‐membered‐ring and fused seven‐, eight‐, and nine‐membered‐ring polyether fragments by epoxide‐to‐epoxonium ring‐opening cyclizations through the addition of a suitable Lewis acid. We also suggest that the biosynthesis of marine ladder polyethers may proceed via epoxide‐to‐epoxonium ring‐opening cyclization of polyepoxide.
Effect of heat treatment on the radial structure of coaxial polyacrylonitrile/mesophase pitch composite fiber
Authors: Zhang Ke , Zhou Zhengyu , Zhao Deming , Xu Lianghua , Liu Yutao , Li Changqing
Published: May 2024

Coaxial composite fibers with a cortex of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and a core layer of mesophase pitch (MP) and PAN were prepared by wet spinning, then heat‐treated in air. The effects of heat treatment on the thermal reaction characteristics, pre‐oxidation degree, radial structure, and thermal stability of coaxial composite fibers were studied by differential scanning calorometry, Raman, and thermogravimetric analysis. As the heat treatment temperature increases, the coaxial composite fibers only undergo cyclization without oxidation, the peak temperature of the thermal reaction increases from 258 to 270°C, and the enthalpy increases from 19.66 to 237.82 J g−1, the heat mainly arises from the PAN component. The Dr value of the coaxial fiber skin layer increases from 0.193 to 0.255 (330°C) and then decreases to 0.236; the core layer Dr value increases from 0.353 to 0.392 (310°C) and then decreases to 0.368. The pre‐oxidation reaction leads to an increase in sp2‐hybridized carbons and an increase in pre‐oxidation degree. When the heat treatment temperature <310°C, the pre‐oxidation degree of the composite fibers increases, leading to formation of a more stable structure compared with that at lower temperatures and an increase in the carbon residue rate.
Reflections on the commensal model and future directions in Polynesian interaction studies
Authors: Greig Karen , Walter Richard
Published: May 2024

One of the central themes of indigenous Polynesian historical narratives involves voyaging, navigation and patterns of inter‐island cultural connection. One of the ways archaeologists have long looked at these questions through the lens of material culture studies—distributions of artefact and assemblage traits in time and space. Here we examine patterns of historical interaction inferred from the application of the commensal model with those derived from more traditional archaeological approaches. We suggest that the most reliable and nuanced models of past cultural interaction in Eastern Polynesia will result from a creative synthesis of molecular zooarchaeology and traditional archaeological and zooarchaeological methods.
Unveiling Metabolic Similarities of Entheses in Patients with Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis Using Noninvasive In Vivo Molecular Imaging: Results From a Cross‐sectional Exploratory Study
Authors: Fagni Filippo , Tascilar Koray , Noversa de Sousa Rita , Bayat Sara , Sollfrank Lukas , Kleyer Arnd , Sticherling Michael , Regensburger Adrian P. , Knieling Ferdinand , Neurath Markus F. , Schett Georg , Waldner Maximilian , Simon David
Published: May 2024

Objective

We assessed and compared molecular tissue changes at the entheses in patients with psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and in healthy controls (HCs) in vivo using multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) and described their relationship with clinical and ultrasound findings of enthesitis.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study (MSOT and Arthrosonography in PsA) in biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug–naïve patients with PsA and PsO and HCs was performed. Participants underwent clinical, ultrasonographic, and MSOT examination of six entheses (lateral humeral epicondyle, distal patellar tendon attachment, and Achilles tendon attachment). MSOT‐measured hemoglobin (Hb), oxygen saturation (SO2), collagen, and lipid levels were quantified, and mean differences between groups were calculated using linear mixed effects models. MSOT‐measured analytes were compared between entheses with and without clinical and ultrasound anomalies.

Results

Ninety participants were included (30 PsO, 30 PsA, and 30 HCs), 540 entheses were clinically assessed, and 540 ultrasound and 830 MSOT scans were obtained. Patients with PsA and PsO showed increased oxygenated Hb (PsA: P = 0.003; PsO: P = 0.054) and SO2 (PsA: P < 0.001; PsO: P = 0.001) levels and decreased collagen signals (PsA: P < 0.001; PsO: P < 0.001) compared with HCs, with more pronounced changes in PsA. Significantly lower collagen levels (P = 0.01) and increased lipids (P = 0.03) were recorded in tender entheses compared with nontender ones. Erosions and enthesophytes on ultrasound were associated with significant differences in SO2 (P = 0.014) and lipid signals (P = 0.020), respectively.

Conclusion

Patients with PsA and PsO exhibit an analogous metabolic pattern at the entheses that is exacerbated in the presence of inflammation. These findings support the notion of a psoriatic disease spectrum characterized by common immunometabolic tissue changes.
Adaptive command filtered control for a class of nonlinear time delay systems with extreme learning machine
Authors: Zhu Jingyang , Li Shurong
Published: May 2024

In this paper, an extreme learning machine (ELM)‐based adaptive command filtered control method is investigated for a class of strict feedback nonlinear systems with unknown external disturbances and time delay. To begin with, the original system state equation is transformed into a new form on account of coordinate transformation. Subsequently, an ELM is adopted to approximate unknown functions which exist in the whole system states, without any prior knowledges of the ideal weight vectors and approximation errors. Secondly, a command filter is developed for the system under consideration, which can avoid the probem of “explosion of complexity” caused by repeated derivation of virtual control signals in traditional backstepping control. Meanwhile, error compensation signals are designed to conquer the shortcoming of a dynamic surface control (DSC) method. The combination of ELM and command filter technique has been used to construct corresponding controllers and adaptive laws. Effective handling of the impact of time delay terms is ensured through designing a novel Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. The proposed strategy guarantees boundedness of all signals in the closed‐loop system and the tracking error asymptotically converges to a compact set around the origin. In the end, two continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) are taken as example to further verify the efficiency of the put forward control method.
Cribriform pattern 4/intraductal carcinoma of the prostate and persistent prostate‐specific antigen after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Sasaki Takeshi , Kobayashi Ikuo , Uchida Katsunori , Higashi Shinichiro , Masui Satoru , Nishikawa Kouhei , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Watanabe Masatoshi , Sassa Naoto , Inoue Takahiro
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The objective of this study is to identify the effect of cribriform pattern 4 carcinoma/intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (CC/IDCP) on persistent prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa).

Patients and Methods

This retrospective study included 730 consecutive patients with localized PCa who underwent RARP at Mie University (n = 392) and Aichi Medical University (n = 338) between 2015 and 2021. Patients with clinically metastatic PCa (cN1 and cM1) and those who received neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant therapy before biochemical recurrence were excluded. We evaluated the effects of CC/IDCP on persistent PSA levels after RARP. Persistent PSA was defined as PSA level ≥0.2 ng/mL at 1 month postoperatively and consecutively thereafter. Using factors from logistic regression analysis, models were developed to predict persistent PSA levels.

Results

Approximately 6.3% (n = 46) of the patients had persistent PSA levels. Patients with biopsy CC/IDCP (bCC/IDCP) and pathological CC/IDCP (pCC/IDCP) based on RARP specimens were 11.6% (85/730) and 36.5% (267/730), respectively. Multivariate analysis of the prediction of persistent PSA levels using preoperative factors revealed that PSA density, percentage of positive cancer cores, biopsy grade group and bCC/IDCP were independent prognostic factors. Furthermore, multivariate analysis of the prediction of persistent PSA levels using postoperative factors, excluding pN1, revealed that pathological grade group, pCC/IDCP, seminal vesicle invasion and lymphovascular invasion were independent prognostic factors. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for predicting persistent PSA after RARP, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the model with preoperative factors, postoperative factors, including pN1, and postoperative factors, excluding pN1, were 0.827, 0.833 and 0.834, respectively.

Conclusions

bCC/IDCP predicted persistent PSA after RARP in the overall population, while pCC/IDCP predicted persistent PSA only when the pN1 population was excluded. This may be useful for predicting susceptible patients with worse outcomes.
Statistical process monitoring creates a hemodynamic trajectory map after pediatric cardiac surgery: A case study of the arterial switch operation
Authors: Howsmon Daniel P. , Mikulski Matthew F. , Kabra Nikhil , Northrup Joyce , Stromberg Daniel , Fraser Charles D. , Mery Carlos M. , Lion Richard P.
Published: May 2024

Postoperative critical care management of congenital heart disease patients requires prompt intervention when the patient deviates significantly from clinician‐determined vital sign and hemodynamic goals. Current monitoring systems only allow for static thresholds to be set on individual variables, despite the expectations that these signals change as the patient recovers and that variables interact. To address this incongruency, we have employed statistical process monitoring (SPM) techniques originally developed to monitor batch industrial processes to monitor high‐frequency vital sign and hemodynamic data to establish multivariate trajectory maps for patients with d‐transposition of the great arteries following the arterial switch operation. In addition to providing multivariate trajectory maps, the multivariate control charts produced by the SPM framework allow for assessment of adherence to the desired trajectory at each time point as the data is collected. Control charts based on slow feature analysis were compared with those based on principal component analysis. Alarms generated by the multivariate control charts are discussed in the context of the available clinical documentation.
Cultivating a sense of local community: Longitudinal population study on social, psychological, environmental, and technological factors
Authors: Bergdahl Jenna , Latikka Rita , Oksanen Atte
Published: May 2024

Technological environments change social interactions within local communities, potentially leading to the erosion of the sense of local community. In this study, we examined the social, psychological, environmental, and technological factors that predict a sense of local community. Employing a longitudinal approach, we analysed predictors of a sense of local community among Finnish adults aged 18–80 years (N = 1,226) at three time points (spring 2021, spring 2022, and spring 2023). Our results, based on hybrid multilevel regression models, showed that greater neighbourhood engagement and perceived residential environment pleasantness positively predicted a sense of local community over time. Neighbourhood engagement, perceived residential environment pleasantness, use of neighbourhood technology, and positive attitude towards neighbourhood technologies showed positive effects and perceived loneliness and perceived level of urbanization negative between‐person effects, on a sense of local community. The results shed light on the determinants of a sense of local community and carry implications for broader community engagement efforts. Enhancing perceived residential environment pleasantness and promoting more active engagement within neighbourhoods could help increase a sense of local community. Future initiatives may also focus on utilizing neighbourhood technology as a tool to help strengthen a sense of local community. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
A column about columns
Authors: Zacarese Lawrence M.
Published: May 2024

I was chatting with my youngest son the other day while driving him to wrestling practice and playing “Daddy Uber.” I mentioned to him that I needed to work on writing my column, and he asked me what it was about. I mentioned I had a few ideas, but there were so many things going on in higher education, many that I have written extensively about, that I wasn’t sure which direction I was headed yet. He suggested that I take a page out of John Grogan's book.
Avoid the ED's hefty fines for Clery Act violations
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: May 2024

CLEARWATER BEACH, FLORIDA — The U.S. Department of Education's record‐breaking $14 million fine in March against Liberty University for Clery Act violations certainly has shock factor. And it should be enough to bring everyone from the most lax to even the most diligent institutional compliance professionals out of their compliance complacency and into a renewed focus on the accuracy of their annual campus safety reports.