bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN KEPEMIMPINAN ADAT DALAM PENYELESAIAN PIUTANG BUWUH DI DUSUN GUNUNG MALANG KABUPATEN PASURUAN
Authors: Ramdhani Reviandy Azhar , Rojabi Muhammad Nafis , Mubarok Moch. Chusni , Kholis Nur , Firza Agung Prakoso  , Rokhmawan Tristan
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article discusses the important role of Indigenous leadership in debt settlement in Gunung Malang Hamlet, Pasuruan Regency. Buwuhan debt, which is based on local indigenous traditions, has become a serious problem in the region, creating significant economic and social pressure. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method to identify the role of Indigenous leadership, strategies used, and community responses to debt settlement efforts. The results showed that adat leadership plays an important role as a mediator and facilitator in debt settlement Buhuhan. They use a deliberative and mutual aid approach to find a fair solution for all parties involved. Although faced with obstacles and challenges, Buwuhan debt settlement efforts led by Indigenous leadership are considered effective by the community in general. The community's positive response to the role of Indigenous leadership reflects recognition of the moral authority and influence that Indigenous leadership has in mediating and resolving conflicts related to the Buhuhan debt. This research has important implications both academically and practically. Theoretically, this study enriches the understanding of the role of Indigenous leadership in debt settlement Buwuhan, while in practical terms, the implications can help in the development of debt settlement strategies Buwuhan more effective in Pasuruan and other regions facing similar problems.
Keywords: Indigenous leadership, debt settlement Buwuhan, Mount Malang Hamlet, Pasuruan, deliberation
PERKEMBANGAN DAN TANTANGAN PENDIDIKAN MADRASAH DI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT: ANALISIS STATISTIK, KEBIJAKAN, DAN ASPEK HUKUM
Authors: Salim Agus , Suryati
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini menyelidiki perkembangan dan tantangan pendidikan madrasah di Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) dari perspektif statistik, kebijakan, dan hukum. Studi ini menggunakan data dari Statistik Pendidikan NTB 2021 yang dikumpulkan melalui Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) dan data sekunder dari Dinas Pendidikan NTB. Analisis mencakup jumlah dan distribusi madrasah, tingkat partisipasi siswa (angka partisipasi kasar dan murni), kualifikasi guru, dan fasilitas pendidikan. Temuan utama menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan signifikan dalam distribusi dan kualitas madrasah antara daerah perkotaan dan pedesaan, tingkat partisipasi yang lebih rendah di daerah pedesaan, tantangan dalam kompetensi guru, dan infrastruktur yang tidak memadai. Analisis hukum berfokus pada implementasi kebijakan pendidikan dan regulasi yang mengatur pendidikan madrasah. Hasilnya menyoroti perlunya intervensi kebijakan yang terarah untuk meningkatkan aksesibilitas dan kualitas pendidikan madrasah di NTB. Rekomendasi termasuk meningkatkan program pelatihan guru, meningkatkan investasi dalam infrastruktur pendidikan, dan memastikan distribusi sumber daya yang merata.
Strategi Pengelolaan Program Unggulan dalam Meningkatkan Daya Saing SMP Al-Falah sebagai Lembaga Pendidikan Berbasis Pesantren
Authors: Mulyono
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini mengkaji efektivitas program unggulan berbasis pesantren di SMP Al-Falah, yaitu tahfidzul Qur’an Juz 30 dan kajian kitab kuning, dalam mempertahankan daya saing dan meningkatkan minat peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, melibatkan observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program unggulan berhasil menarik perhatian masyarakat, memperkuat identitas pesantren, dan menciptakan keunikan yang membedakan SMP Al-Falah dari sekolah lain di sekitarnya. Tantangan dalam pengelolaan program, seperti keterbatasan sumber daya manusia dan waktu, dapat diatasi melalui pendekatan kolaboratif yang diterapkan oleh kepala sekolah. Program-program ini tidak hanya meningkatkan kompetensi siswa dalam bidang agama tetapi juga membentuk karakter keislaman mereka. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi praktis bagi sekolah berbasis pesantren dalam menghadapi persaingan pendidikan modern.
Perbedaan Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Siswa Menggunakan Strategi Pembelajaran Reading Guide dan Questions Students Have pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Hasiyatiningsih
Published: January 2025

Kemampuan membaca menjadi dasar yang utama bagi pengajaran bahasa serta pengajaran mata pelajaran yang lain. Dalam hal ini membaca pemahaman merupakan salah satu aspek kemampuan berbahasa yang harus dikuasai oleh siswa sekolah dasar terutama pada kelas lanjut. Rumusan masalah yaitu Apakah terdapat perbedaan kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa menggunakan strategi pembelajaran Reading Guide dan Questions Students Have pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah 1 Panji Kabupaten Situbondo Tahun Pelajaran . Teknik analisis data melalui uji validitas dan reliabilitas, uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas, dan uji hipotesis menggunakan metode independent samples t tests. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian mengenai strategi pembelajaran Reading Guide dan Questions Students Have pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah 1 Panji yang dapat diambil kesimpulan dari hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-t diketahui bahwa thitung = 14,523 > ttabel = 2,01063 dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa menggunakan strategi pembelajaran Reading Guide dan Questions Students Have pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas IV SD Muhammadiyah 1 Panji Kabupaten Situbondo Tahun Pelajaran . Hasil siswa pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia yang menggunakan strategi pembelajaran Reading Guide lebih baik dari pada siswa yang menggunakan strategi pembelajaran Questions Students Have dengan rata-rata postes sebesar 71 untuk kelompok strategi pembelajaran Reading Guide sedangkan nilai rata-rata 64,4 untuk kelompok strategi pembelajaran Questions Students Have.
Instrumenty prawne realizacji zadań regulacyjnych na rynku pocztowym
Authors:   Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Chołodecki Mateusz ,   Uniwersytet Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Popowska Bożena ,   Wydział Prawa i Administracji; Uniwersytet Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Published: January 2025

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza instrumentów prawnych Prezesa UKE jako organu regulacyjnego na rynku pocztowym. Autorzy dokonali wyróżnienia instrumentów Prezesa UKE wg kryterium prosocjalnego i prokonkurencyjnego. Do instrumentów prosocjalnych zaliczono: ustanawianie operatora do świadczenia usług powszechnych, oddziaływanie na wysokość opłat za usługi powszechne oraz fi nansowanie usług powszechnych. Z kolei do instrumentów prokonkurencyjnych zaliczono dostęp do infrastruktury pocztowej. Przeprowadzone w artykule ustalenia wskazują, że prawo pocztowe przywiązuje znacznie większą wagę do realizacji celów prosocjalnych niż prokonkurencyjnych. W związku z tym, Prezes UKE posiada znacznie większy zakres instrumentów związanych z zapewnieniem świadczenia usług powszechnych niż zapewnieniem konkurencji na rynku. Sytuacja taka odbiega od przyjętego w Polsce modelu regulacyjnego na rynkach infrastrukturalnych. We wnioskach autorzy postulują m.in. rozszerzenie prokonkurencyjnych instrumentów Prezesa UKE na rynku pocztowym.
Odstępstwo od obowiązku świadczenia usług powszechnych w prawie pocztowym
Authors:   Wydział Prawa, Prawa Kanonicznego i Administracji, Pawul Grzegorz ,   Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Jana Pawła II
Published: January 2025

Instytucje unijne jednoznacznie uznają usługi pocztowe jako świadczone w ogólnym interesie gospodarczym (service of general economic interest – SGEI), czyli są to usługi szczególnie ważne dla obywateli ze względu na interes publiczny. Dyrektywy UE stwierdzają, iż usługi pocztowe są ważnymi dla społeczeństw instrumentami komunikacji i odgrywają istotną rolę w zapewnianiu spójności społecznej, gospodarczej i terytorialnej. Istotną część usług pocztowych – wyodrębnioną z perspektywy enumeratywnego katalogu usług, jak też warunków, jakie muszą spełniać – stanowią usługi powszechne. W przypadkach wyszczególnionych w ustawie – Prawo pocztowe dopuszczalne jest wprowadzenie odstępstwa od obowiązku świadczenia usług powszechnych. Artykuł ma na celu dokonanie analizy przesłanek i trybu podejmowania decyzji przez Prezesa UKE w sprawie ustanowienia odstępstwa od obowiązku świadczenia usług powszechnych.
Przesłanki wyboru operatora wyznaczonego zgodnie z prawem pocztowym
Authors:   Urząd Komunikacji Elektronicznej, Sławińska Magdalena
Published: January 2025

Przyjęta w dniu 1 stycznia 2013 r. ustawa – Prawo pocztowe wprowadziła nieznaną dotąd na rynku usług pocztowych instytucję wyboru operatora wyznaczonego. Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest problematyce przesłanek wyboru operatora wyznaczonego stanowiących istotny element procedury zmierzającej do wydania decyzji administracyjnej w sprawie wyznaczenia operatora pocztowego obowiązanego do świadczenia usług powszechnych. Celem artykułu jest zarysowanie sposobu rozumienia pojęć ujętych w art. 71 ust. 3 prawa pocztowego jako przesłanki wyboru operatora wyznaczonego w korelacji z przepisami nakładającymi szereg obowiązków na operatora pocztowego świadczącego usługi zaliczone do usług świadczonych w ogólnym interesie gospodarczym, jakimi są pocztowe usługi powszechne.
Między korzyścią obiektywną a relatywną. Wyrok Sądu UE w sprawie T-143/12 Deutsche Post i jego konsekwencje
Authors:   Uniwersytet Łódzki: Wydział Prawa i Administracji, Grzejdziak Łukasz
Published: January 2025

W lipcu 2016 r. Sąd UE wydał wyrok w sprawie Niemcy przeciwko Komisji (Deutsche Post). W wyroku tym dokonał sądowej kontroli decyzji Komisji Europejskiej uznającej za pomoc państwa kilka środków wsparcia przyznanych Deutsche Post przez rząd niemiecki. Część z nich Komisja uznała za pomoc istniejącą lub zgodną z rynkiem wewnętrznym. Jednakże wsparcie przeznaczone na pokrycie dodatkowych kosztów związanych ze szczególnym statusem pracowników poczty niemieckiej, uznane zostało za pomoc niedopuszczalną i objęte zostało obowiązkiem zwrotu. Sąd UE uchylił decyzję Komisji, uznając, że środek nie stanowił pomocy państwa, a jedynie rekompensatę niekorzystnej pozycji strukturalnej Deutsche Post wynikającej ze spoczywających na niej obowiązków. Dokonana przez Sąd UE w wyroku wykładnia art. 107 ust. 1 TFUE, w zakresie treści warunku selektywnej korzyści oraz zastosowana przezeń analogia do tzw. testu Altmark budzą zastrzeżenia dotyczące zgodności z utrwalonym orzecznictwem dotyczącym tak dopuszczalności rekompensat wykonywania usług publicznych, jak i koncepcji nierynkowej korzyści oraz pojęcia „pomocy państwa” w ogóle. Artykuł skupia się na odpowiedzi na pytanie o spójność werdyktu Sądu UE z wcześniejszym orzecznictwem w tym zakresie oraz stanowi próbę oceny możliwych konsekwencji stosowania podejścia wypracowanego przez Sąd UE w analizowanym wyroku.
Zarządzanie ruchem w Internecie w świetle rozporządzenia 2015/2120 ustanawiającego środki dotyczące dostępu do otwartego Internetu
Authors:   Wydział Zarządzania Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Nałęcz Andrzej
Published: January 2025

Artykuł poświęcony jest unormowaniu zarządzania ruchem w rozporządzeniu 2015/2120. Przedstawiono w nim podstawowe aspekty techniczne ruchu internetowego i scharakteryzowano stosowane w rozporządzeniu pojęcia, w szczególności zarządzania ruchem i środków zarządzania ruchem. Dokonano szczegółowej analizy zgodnych z rozporządzeniem środków zarządzania ruchem zarówno odpowiednich, jak i wyjątkowych. Opisano także te spośród stosowanych przez dostawców usługi dostępu do Internetu postanowień umownych i praktyk handlowych, niebędących środkami zarządzania ruchem, które są do nich funkcjonalnie zbliżone.
Certyfikowany mechanizm monitorowania jakości usługi dostępu do Internetu
Authors:   Wydział Zarządzania Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Piątek Stanisław
Published: January 2025

Artykuł analizuje uwarunkowania prawne i techniczno-organizacyjne związane z uruchomieniem
w państwach Unii Europejskiej certyfikowanych mechanizmów monitorowania jakości usługi dostępu
do Internetu w związku z wdrażaniem przepisów rozporządzenia UE 2015/2120. Certyfikowany
mechanizm jest konieczny do skorzystania przez konsumentów z domniemania nienależytego
wykonania usługi przez dostawcę w przypadku wystąpienia rozbieżności między wynikami pomiarów
a wymaganiami jakościowymi określonymi w umowie. Artykuł analizuje charakter zobowiązań
dostawców w zakresie gwarantowania jakości usługi, skutki przeprowadzenia pomiarów
jakości z wykorzystaniem certyfikowanego mechanizmu i wymagania związane z certyfikacją.
Przedstawiono działania podejmowane w państwach członkowskich UE, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem
Polski, w celu uruchomienia certyfikowanych mechanizmów monitorowania oraz główne
trudności związane z realizacją tego zadania.
The Effect of Gender Ideal Adherence on Carer Burden and Help-Seeking in Male Carers of People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Appleton Damien , Robertson Noelle , Lesley Rosie
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurological disease that is commonly diagnosed in middle age and disproportionately affects women. Consequently, middle-aged men (as partners and husbands) are often the caregivers, a unique group in comparison with carers for people with other long-term neurological conditions, who are predominately women. Previous research has indicated that male carers respond differently from their female counterparts in terms of carer burden. Authors of gender role construct literature have reported that gender role conflict and gender role flexibility have an influence on men's attitudes about seeking help and support. The aim of this study was to investigate whether gender role conflict and gender role flexibility have an effect on help-seeking attitudes and carer burden within this unique group of carers.

METHODS:

Data were collected from an international sample of 68 participants, using results from online and paper surveys, and were primarily analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis.

RESULTS:

Results indicated that gender role conflict and gender role flexibility explained a significant variance in burden but were not significantly associated with attitudes toward help-seeking. Rather, appearance of coping was posited as a potential variable mediating the relationship between gender role conflict and help-seeking attitudes.

CONCLUSIONS:

These findings indicate how gender role constructs affect carer coping, suggesting that support for male carers may require tailored interventions. Appearance of coping is highlighted as a variable that requires further investigation. Further, a direction for psychoeducational interventions applicable to other groups of male carers is suggested.
Construction of neural network potential for uranium-niobium alloy and molecular dynamics of its low-temperature aging behaviors
Authors: SU Rui , LI Qingan , GUAN Pengfei ,   College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China,   Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
Published: January 2025

Uranium-niobium alloys exhibit complex crystal phases and unique mechanical behaviors under various thermodynamic states and external loads. However, due to the lack of accurate interatomic potentials, the atomic-scale phase behaviors and dynamical processes in this important alloy are still unclear. In recent years, the development of machine-learning-based force fields has provided a systematic way to generate accurate interatomic potentials on large and complex first-principle-based datasets. However, this crucial nuclear material has received limited attention from researchers in the field of machine-learning potentials.

In this work, based on our previous researches on the neural-network potential training and evaluation framework, which we called NNAP, a new neural network potential is constructed for the uranium-niobium alloy system. A combination of random structure search and active learning algorithms is utilized to enhance coverage of the chemical and structural space of the alloy system. Testing of the generated potential demonstrates high generalization performance and accuracy. On the testing set, the mean absolute error of the energy and the force are 5.6 meV/atom and 0.095 eV/Å, respectively. Further calculation results of crystal structure parameters, equation of state, and phonon dispersions coincide well with the results from the first-principle or experimental references.

The atomic-scale evolution of the spinodal decomposition process in the U-Nb alloys is investigated based on the newly trained potential. It is shown that the atom-swapping hybrid Monte Carlo can be a powerful tool to understand the thermodynamic evolution of the systems. By using the atom-swapping hybrid Monte Carlo method, the decrease of potential energy due to phase segregation is observed within 5000 steps, while no significant energy reduction is found after 3-ns MD simulation. Finally, the stress-strain curves under shear load for different initial states are obtained. It is found that the Nb precipitation generates strengthened phases in the alloy and the deformation behavior of U-Nb alloys is significantly changed, where a disorder shear band emerges in the deformation path of the \begin{document}$ {\mathrm{\gamma }} $\end{document}-phase alloys. Our work lays a foundation for understanding the mechanical processes in this important alloy system.
Investigation of Lane-consistent dispersive optical-model potential for 208Pb
Authors: DU Wenqing , ZHAO Xiuniao ,   College of Physical Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
Published: January 2025

Lead is an important alloy material nuclide. And lead eutectic is also an important coolant, which is applied in the construction of Lead-cooled Fast Reactor such as The European Lead-cooled System (ELSY) and the China Lead-based Research reactor (CLEAR-I), as well as in research related to Generation-IV reactor. The study and calculation of lead nuclear data have important theoretical value and application prospects. 208Pb is the most stable and abundant isotope in lead nuclei, and high quality description of 208Pb nuclear scattering data is the key to achieving theoretical calculations of nuclear reaction data for lead nuclei. Based on the dispersive optical model, this work describes nucleon scattering on 208Pb by using the dispersive optical potential. The dispersive optical model potential is defined by energy-dependent real potentials, imaginary potentials, the corresponding dispersive contributions to the real potential which are calculated analytically from the corresponding imaginary potentials by using a dispersion relation, and isospin dependence is reasonably considered by introducing isovector component (i.e. Lane term) in the potential depth constants of the real Hartree-Fock potential \begin{document}$ V_{\rm{HF}}$\end{document} and the surface imaginary potential \begin{document}$ W_{\rm{s}}$\end{document}. Unlike K-D potential, which requires two different sets of parameters to describe neutron and proton induced scattering data, this optical potential uses the same set of parameters to simultaneously describe nucleon-nucleus scattering data. The derived potential in this work shows a very good description of nucleon-nucleus scattering data on 208Pb up to 200 MeV. Calculated neutron total cross sections, neutron and proton elastic scattering angular distributions, as well as neutron and proton elastic analyzing powers are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data. Additionally, the difference in potential between the neutron and protons induced is described by the isovector term, a reasonable good prediction of quasielastic (p, n) scattering data is achieved.
Influence of coil deformation on magnetic topology structure in Chinese first quasi-toroidally symmetric stellarator
Authors: LI Dan , LIU Haifeng ,   Institute of Fusion Science, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
Published: January 2025

The configuration deformation of stellarator coil is inevitable during fabrication and assembly, resulting in error fields. The magnetic field configuration in stellarator is sensitive to the error field, which seriously restricts the confinement performance of the plasma. Therefore, it is essential to estimate the influence of coil deformations on a stellarator magnetic topology. This work is dedicated to studying the influence of deformations of nonplanar modular coils (MC) on the magnetic topology in the Chinese First Quasi-toroidally symmetric Stellarator (CFQS). In this work, by changing the Fourier coefficients that represent the current-carrying surface(CCS) and the coil, two types of deformation coils, i.e. "in-surface" and "out-of-surface" disturbance on each MC can be obtained. Subsequently, three kinds of magnetic islands with rotational transformsι = 2/4, 2/5, and 2/6 are used to identify coil deviations that have a significant influence on the CFQS magnetic configuration. Several important results are obtained as follows. i) The same deformation of a coil gives rise to various resonant error fields with different amplitudes. ii) The sensitivity of a resonant error field to the deformation of each coil is different. The in-surface disturbance of the most complex coil may not have a significant influence on the magnetic topology structure. iii) The sensitivity of the resonant error field to out-of-surface disturbance in the coil is higher than that to in-surface disturbance. These results indicate that relaxing the configuration error of specific coil will not significantly affect the magnetic field configuration of the stellarator, which is expected to alleviate engineering limitations on MC coil design and fabrication. In addition, this work will also contribute to providing an accurate computational model for the upcoming CFQS magnetic configuration tracing experiment.
Canonical neurodevelopmental trajectories of structural and functional manifolds
Authors: Monaghan Alicja , Bethlehem Richard. AI , Akarca Danyal , Margulies Daniel ,   the Team CALM, Astle Duncan E
Published: January 2025

Organisational gradients refer to a continuous low-dimensional embedding of brain regions and can quantify core organisational principles of complex systems like the human brain. Mapping how these organisational principles are altered or refined across development and phenotypes is essential to understanding the relationship between brain and behaviour. Taking a developmental approach and leveraging longitudinal and cross-sectional data from two multi-modal neuroimaging datasets, spanning the full neurotypical-neurodivergent continuum, we charted the organisational variability of structural (N = 887) and functional (N = 728) gradients, across childhood and adolescence (6-19 years old). Across datasets, despite differing phenotypes, we observe highly similar structural and functional gradients. These gradients, or organisational principles, are highly stable across development, with the exact same ordering across early childhood into mid-adolescence. However, there is substantial developmental change in the strength of embedding within those gradients: by modelling developmental trajectories as non-linear splines, we show that structural and functional gradients exhibit sensitive periods and are refined across development. Specifically, structural gradients gradually contract in low-dimensional space as networks become more integrated, whilst the functional manifold expands, indexing functional specialisation. The coupling of these structural and functional gradients follows a unimodal-association axis and varies across individuals, with developmental effects concentrated in the more plastic higher-order networks. Importantly, these developmental effects on coupling, in these higher-order networks, are attenuated in the neurodivergent sample. Finally, we mapped structure-function coupling onto dimensions of psychopathology and cognition and demonstrate that coupling is a robust predictor of dimensions of cognition, such as working memory, but not psychopathology. In summary, across clinical and community samples, we demonstrate consistent principles of structural and functional brain organisation, with progressive structural integration and functional segregation. These are gradients are established early in life, refined through development, and their coupling is a robust predictor of working memory.
Geometry and dynamics of representations in a precisely balanced memory network related to olfactory cortex
Authors: Meissner-Bernard Claire , Zenke Friedemann , Friedrich Rainer W
Published: January 2025

Biological memory networks are thought to store information by experience-dependent changes in the synaptic connectivity between assemblies of neurons. Recent models suggest that these assemblies contain both excitatory and inhibitory neurons (E/I assemblies), resulting in co-tuning and precise balance of excitation and inhibition. To understand computational consequences of E/I assemblies under biologically realistic constraints we built a spiking network model based on experimental data from telencephalic area Dp of adult zebrafish, a precisely balanced recurrent network homologous to piriform cortex. We found that E/I assemblies stabilized firing rate distributions compared to networks with excitatory assemblies and global inhibition. Unlike classical memory models, networks with E/I assemblies did not show discrete attractor dynamics. Rather, responses to learned inputs were locally constrained onto manifolds that ‘focused’ activity into neuronal subspaces. The covariance structure of these manifolds supported pattern classification when information was retrieved from selected neuronal subsets. Networks with E/I assemblies therefore transformed the geometry of neuronal coding space, resulting in continuous representations that reflected both relatedness of inputs and an individual’s experience. Such continuous representations enable fast pattern classification, can support continual learning, and may provide a basis for higher-order learning and cognitive computations.
Taboos and Cultural Literacy Education in Ritual Performance of Chizhou Nuo Opera, China
Authors: Li Linsen , Phanlukthao Peera
Published: January 2025

Chizhou Nuo Opera is a sacrificial folk opera performance organized by clans, characterized by mask-wearing performances, and aimed at “worshiping gods and ancestors, praying for blessings and eliminating disasters” (He, 2012). There are many taboos in ritual performances. These human-imposed taboos not only maintain the sacredness of the rituals, but also play an important role in cultural literacy education. This study explores the taboos in the ritual performance of Chizhou Nuo Opera and its role in cultural literacy education. This study was conducted in Guichi District, Chizhou City, where Nuo Opera is prevalent, and adopted a multidimensional approach that included documentation, interviews with key informants such as inheritors, Nuo Opera artists, cultural experts and villagers, as well as thematic analysis of data collected through participatory and non-participatory observation methods. This study discovered the taboos in Chizhou Nuo Opera rituals regarding language, behavior, gender, time and space, and further uncovered the profound insights of taboos in cultural literacy education such as etiquette, shame, occupation, health, knowledge, and civilization. This study also explored the performance process of Chizhou Nuo Opera and the cultural significance of taboos. This research has important value both in terms of identifying taboo culture and promoting cultural literacy education within the community. Based on these findings, this research suggests that all stakeholders should work together to integrate excellent traditional cultural education and promote cultural literacy.
The Application of the Stanislavski System in Thai Court Drama Learning
Authors: Phetruchee Mananshaya , Siriwattanakula Sakgavin , Jirajarupat Phakamas
Published: January 2025

Mixed-methods research is employed to investigate the implementation of the Stanislavski system in the study of Thai court drama. This study investigates the successful application of the Stanislavski method in Thai Court Theater, focusing on its role in enabling actors to portray emotions with accuracy and conviction. Research methods encompass activities including document and literature analysis, comprehensive interviews, observation of Thai Court Theater performances, data assessment, dissemination of academic findings, and clarification of results. The results illustrate that the utilization of Stanislavski’s acting technique amplifies the intensity and genuineness of Thai court dramas learning. Stanislavski enhances the authenticity of a performance. Actors can derive advantages from the act of committing lines and music to memory. Fluid movements and facial gestures. Actors convey emotion by aligning themselves with the tempo and significance of the scene. Understanding character backgrounds and attributes improves performance. It helps to facilitate the process of learning and creating dance choreography. Concentration enables a broad spectrum of focus. The performances take center stage. This method enhances the actors’ gestures, interactions, and relationships with the audience. An individual’s intrinsic motivation lies in comprehending a character’s objectives and employing personal encounters to elicit feelings. “This conveys emotion,” states Stanislavski. Players gain a clearer understanding of their roles when they have a vivid mental image. Vision enhances performance, ethics, and emotional intelligence. Physical activity, procreation, and intentional observation influence individuals’ existence. The Thai court game involves vigorous physical activity while wearing masks and costumes. Consequently, it is crucial to prioritize relaxation and maintain proper breathing. The implementation of Stanislavski’s ideas can aid Thai Court Theater actors in preserving and enhancing their artistic style. These techniques facilitate the discovery of emotional and cultural satisfaction for actors. This study discovered that the utilization of Stanislavski’s techniques enhances the emotional expressiveness of Thai court drama performers.
Resolving ambiguity in natural language for enhancement of aspect-based sentiment analysis of hotel reviews
Authors: Nadeem Asma , Missen Malik Muhammad Saad , Reshan Mana Saleh Al , Memon Muhammad Ali , Asiri Yousef , Nizamani Muhammad Ali , Alsulami Mohammad , Shaikh Asadullah
Published: January 2025

In the ever-expanding digital landscape, the abundance of user-generated content on consumer platforms such as Booking and TripAdvisor offers a rich source of information for both travellers and hoteliers. Sentiment analysis, a fundamental research task of natural language processing (NLP) is used for mining sentiments and opinions within this vast reservoir of text reviews. A more specific type of sentiment analysis, i.e., aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA), is used when processing customer reviews is required. In ABSA, we aim to capture aspect-level sentiments and intricate relationships between various aspects within reviews. This article proposes a novel approach to ABSA by introducing a novel technique of word sense disambiguation (WSD) and integrating it with the Transformer architecture bidirectional encoder representations from Transformers (BERT) and graph convolutional networks (GCNs). The proposed approach resolves the intriguing ambiguities of the words and represents the review data as a complex graph structure, facilitating the modeling of intricate relationships between different aspects. The combination of bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) and GCN proves effective in capturing inter-dependencies among various aspects, providing a nuanced understanding of customer sentiments. The experiments are conducted on the RABSA dataset (an enhanced and richer hotel review data collection), and results demonstrate that our approach outperforms previous baselines, showcasing the effectiveness of integrating WSD in ABSA. Furthermore, an ablation study confirms the significant contribution of the WSD module to the overall performance. Moreover, we explore different similarity measures and find that cosine similarity yields the best results when identifying the real sense of a word in a given sentence using WordNet. The findings of our work and future work related to our work create lots of interest for people in the tourism and hospitality industry. This research gives another boost to the concept of the potential of NLP techniques in sentiment analysis. It emphasizes that if we combine the potential of NLP techniques along with state-of-the-art machine learning frameworks, we can shape the future of this field.
Exploring freshwater soundscapes of tropical marshland habitats in Southeast Asia: insights into auditory sensory adaptation of wild Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens
Authors: Ramos Andreia , Gonçalves David , Vasconcelos Raquel O.
Published: January 2025

While soundscapes shape the structure and function of auditory systems over evolutionary timescales, there is limited information regarding the adaptation of wild fish populations to their natural acoustic environments. This is particularly relevant for freshwater ecosystems, which are extremely diverse and face escalating pressures from human activities and associated noise pollution. The Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens is one of the most important cultured species in the global ornamental fish market and is increasingly recognized as a model organism for genetics and behavioural studies. This air-breathing species (Anabantoidei), characterized by the presence of a suprabranchial labyrinth organ that enhances auditory sensitivity, is native to Southeast Asia and inhabits low flow freshwater ecosystems that are increasingly threatened due to habitat destruction and pollution. We characterized the underwater soundscape, along with various ecological parameters, across five marshland habitats of B. splendens, from lentic waterbodies to small canals near a lake in Chiang Rai province (Thailand). All habitats exhibited common traits of low dissolved oxygen and dense herbaceous vegetation. Soundscapes were relatively quiet with Sound Pressure Level (SPL) around 102–105 dB re 1 µPa and most spectral energy below 1,000 Hz. Sound recordings captured diverse biological sounds, including potential fish vocalizations, but primarily insect sounds. Hearing thresholds were determined using auditory evoked potential (AEP) recordings, revealing best hearing range within 100–400 Hz. Males exhibited lower hearing thresholds than females at 400 and 600 Hz. This low-frequency tuning highlights the potential susceptibility of B. splendens to anthropogenic noise activities. This study provides first characterization of the auditory sensitivity and natural soundscape of B. splendens, establishing an important ground for future hearing research in this species. The information provided on the auditory sensory adaptation of B. splendens emphasizes the importance of preserving quiet soundscapes from lentic freshwater ecosystems.
Unveiling the complex double-edged sword role of exosomes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Huang Xueyan , Tang Yuedi
Published: January 2025

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy arising from the epithelium of the nasopharynx. Given its late diagnosis, NPC raises serious considerations in Southeast Asia. In addition to resistance to conventional treatment that combines chemotherapy and radiation, NPC has high rates of metastasis and frequent recurrence. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles at the nanoscale that transport physiologically active compounds from their source cell and have a crucial function in signal transmission and intercellular message exchange. The exosomes detected in the tissues of NPC patients have recently emerged as a potential non-invasive liquid biopsy biomarker that plays a role in controlling the tumor pathophysiology. Here, we take a look back at what we know so far about the complex double-edged sword role of exosomes in NPC. Exosomes could serve as biomarkers and therapeutic agents, as well as the molecular mechanisms by which they promote cell growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, immunosuppression, radiation resistance, and chemotherapy resistance in NPC. Furthermore, we go over some of the difficulties and restrictions associated with exosome use. It is anticipated that this article would provide the reference for the apply of exosomes in clinical practice.
To stay or to go: resource diversity alters the dispersal behavior of sympatric cryptic marine nematodes
Authors: Guden Rodgee Mae , Derycke Sofie , Moens Tom
Published: January 2025

Animals can use specific environmental cues to make informed decisions about whether and where to disperse. Patch conditions are known to affect the dispersal behavior of animals, but empirical studies investigating the impact of resource diversity on the dispersal of closely related species are largely lacking. In this study, we investigated how food diversity affects the dispersal behavior of three co-occurring cryptic species of the marine bacterivorous nematode complex Litoditis marina (Pm I, Pm III and Pm IV). Using microcosms composed of a local patch (inoculation plate), a connection tube, and a distant patch (dispersal plate), we examined nematode dispersal patterns with bacteria serving as the food source. Food treatments included low-, medium-, and high-diversity bacterial mixtures of 5, 10, and 15 bacterial strains, respectively. Additionally, a single-strain food resource Escherichia coli was used as a control treatment. Both local and distant patches had either identical food treatments (‘homogeneous patches’) or E. coli in the local patches and more diverse food (low-, medium-, or high-diversity food) in distant patches (‘heterogeneous patches’). Our results show that the dispersal behavior of the cryptic species varies depending on food diversity, indicating that L. marina acquire information about their environment when making dispersal decisions. All three cryptic species tend to disperse faster toward food patches that increase fitness. Pm I and Pm IV exhibited faster dispersal toward patches with a more diverse food source, while Pm III showed similar dispersal rates toward E. coli, medium-diversity, and high-diversity food. This indicates that resource diversity can alter the dispersal behavior of cryptic species and may be an important mechanism to achieve species coexistence in the field.
Social presence effect in language comprehension: evidence from event-related potential (ERP) research
Authors: Yu Teng , Sui Xue , Li Yu tong
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aimed to examine the impact of social presence on Chinese reading comprehension and associated neural responses.

Methods

Participants tasked with reading Chinese sentences either alone or in the presence of others and subsequently assessing the accuracy of the sentences’ meanings. Concurrently, we recorded the participants’ electrical brain responses to critical word processing.

Results

Behavioral results indicated no significant effect of social presence on the judgment of sentence accuracy. Electroencephalogram (EEG) results, however, revealed that reading in the presence of others elicited more pronounced left anterior negativity (LAN) components in the left front of the scalp compared to reading alone. Additionally, incorrect meanings triggered larger N400 and P600 amplitudes in the mid-parietal region than correct meanings.

Conclusion

Social presence intensifies early neural responses during the reading of Chinese sentences, although it does not influence semantic integration or conflict resolution. These findings support the notion that social context affects language processing.
Effects of tropical fruit blends on fermentative and pigmentation aspects of probiotic native cultured goat milk
Authors: Oliveira Galdino Isadora Kaline Camelo Pires de , Silva Gabriel Monteiro da , Silva Miqueas Oliveira Morais da , Dantas Giordanni Cabral , Pereira Elainy Virgínia dos Santos , Oliveira Tiago Almeida de , dos Santos Karina Maria Olbrich , Egito Antonio Silvio do , Alonso Buriti Flávia Carolina , Cardarelli Haíssa Roberta
Published: January 2025

Background

Fruits are sources of bioactive compounds such as phenolics that bring health benefits to consumers. The addition of fruit products and microorganisms with probiotic potential in fermented goat milk can facilitate the acquisition of these benefits through diet. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating a mixture of ingredients from jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora), jambolana (Syzygium cumini), and mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru) fruits on fermentation parameters (pH, titratable acidity, viability of the native culture Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CNPC003 and the starter culture), associated with pigmentation (phenolic compound content and color) through experimental mixture design.

Methods

A simplex-centroid experimental design was conducted, comprised of seven trials totaling the addition of 30% of the fruit preparations in the final formulation of fermented milk and one control trial (without addition of preparations), with the response being the total phenolic content and the instrumental color parameter a*. Fermentations were carried out with the addition of the native culture Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CNPC003 and the starter culture Streptococcus thermophilus. Subsequently, analyses of pH, titratable acidity, viability of the native and starter cultures, total phenolic compound content, and the instrumental color parameter a* were performed.

Results

The final pH among trials ranged from 4.55 to 4.69, titratable acidity ranged from 0.59 to 0.64, the population of L. plantarum CNPC003 reached levels exceeding 8 log CFU/g, as did the population of Streptococcus thermophilus. The content of phenolic compounds was higher in trials T1, T5, and T7, as well as the color parameter (a*). The use of experimental mixture design contributed to the development of products with high viability of L. plantarum, high content of phenolic compounds, and a characteristic color of the added fruits, bringing benefits to consumer health.
Naval Seamen's Women in Nineteenth-Century Britain
Authors: Holihead Melanie
Published: January 2025

Explores the lived experiences of the women of lower deck seamen in the nineteenth century British navy.

This book explores the lived experiences of the women - the mothers, sisters, foster-mothers of motherless children, but above all the wives - of lower deck seamen in the nineteenth century British navy. It makes extensive use of the "allotment" scheme, a system which enabled men to convey portions of their pay to dependants at home. The scheme had been devised by a Royal Navy worried by the adverse effect on naval manpower caused by experienced and mature sailors quitting the service in order to support loved ones suffering poverty on shore.

Drawing also on civil, parish and local data, the book reveals hitherto unknown differences between naval and civilian patterns of nuptiality, family life, occupation and household structure. It illustrates the impact of naval breadwinners' long-term absence in analyses of local migration, mutual support networks, and clusterings of "same ship" families, and to bring the picture to life it includes microhistories and stories of individual women.

The book concludes that while the sailor's woman's "allotted place" in the popular imagination shifted with changing perceptions of sailors' reputation and standing, a constant "otherness" attached to women who chose marriage to long-absent men, and a life of necessary self-reliance.
Localizing Christopher Marlowe
Authors: Ide Arata
Published: January 2025

This study punctures the stereotyped portrayals of Marlowe, first created by his rival Robert Greene, and, yet, which still colour our view. In doing so, Ide reveals the social and cultural discourses out of which such myths emerged.

We know next to nothing about the life of the playwright Christopher Marlowe (b.1564 - d. 1593). Few documents survive other than his birth record in the parish register, a handful of legal cases in court records, Privy Council mandates and reports to the Council, the coroner's examination of his death, and a few hearsay accounts of his atheism. With such a limited collection of biographical documents available, it is impossible to retrieve from history a complete sense of Marlowe. However, this does not mean that biography cannot play a significant role in Marlowe studies.

By observing the details of the specific places and communities to which Marlowe belonged, this book highlights the collective experiences and concerns of the social groups and communities with which we know he was personally and financially involved. Specifically, Localizing Christopher Marlowe reveals the political and cultural dynamics in the community of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, into which Marlowe was deeply integrated and through which he became affiliated with the circle of Sir Francis Walsingham, mapping these influences in both his life and works.
Anton Bruckner and the Reception of His Music
Authors: Ramirez Miguel J
Published: January 2025

A bold, deeply researched, and long-needed debunking of the platitudes and prejudices that have long clouded our view of the personality and compositional habits of Anton Bruckner.

Bruckner was, and continues to be, among the most divisive figures in the history of nineteenth-century music, in large part owing to the complexities and contradictions of his personality and the amalgam of differing stylistic features that characterize his musical language. Miguel J. Ramirez's insightful book scrutinizes the stereotypes about Bruckner's personality that loom large in the public imagination, the controversial editorial policies behind the publication of his collected works, and the trends in the reception of his music that were set early on by a handful of Viennese journalists.

Working to undo the platitudes and prejudices that cloud our view of Bruckner's true personality and compositional habits, this study debunks the entrenched misconception that he was a helpless victim of "the Viennese press"-a notion contradicted by the pugnacious exchange in which pro- and anti-Bruckner critics invariably engaged after the premiere of each of his works. Ramirez demonstrates that, from the mid 1880s onward, only Eduard Hanslick, Max Kalbeck, and a few other critics persisted in their opposition to the Brucknerian symphonic oeuvre and that their caustic and denigrating reviews were vastly outnumbered by those of more appreciative critics who heard what performers and listeners cherish now: the music's coherence, grandeur, and emotional sweep.