bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volksvertegenwoordiging in tijden van crises
Authors: Karapetian G.
Published: July 2020

Volksvertegenwoordiging in tijden van crises

In deze bijdrage wordt aandacht besteed aan het functioneren van de Franse Assemblée nationale als gevolg van COVID-19. Op welke wijze wordt in de Republiek tijdens de coronacrisis tegemoetgekomen aan de fundamentele rol van het direct gekozen volksvertegenwoordigende orgaan? Allereerst wordt de werkwijze van vergaderingen van de Assemblée in plenair en commissieverband besproken. Vervolgens komt de wijze van stemmingen in de Assemblée aan bod. Daarna volgen enkele opmerkingen van vergelijkende aard inzake het functioneren van de Assemblée nationale en de Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal tijdens de corona-uitbraak op het Europese vasteland.
De wetgever als oorzaak van een dikastocratie?
Authors: van Lochem P.J.P.M.
Published: July 2020

De wetgever als oorzaak van een dikastocratie?

Is het juist dat in het opgelaaide dikastocratiedebat de verantwoordelijkheid primair bij de wetgever wordt gelegd? Ook al biedt de wetgever de rechter de nodige ruimte, is de rechterlijke beslissingsmacht vooral gevolg van de door de rechtsleer gedragen wijzen van interpretatie en toepassing van de wet. Dat de wetgever zou stilzitten en lastige beslissingen aan de rechter (als plaatsvervanger) zou overlaten, lijkt een onjuist beeld, evenals het beeld dat de wetgever een onwenselijke uitspraak van de rechter altijd nog kan corrigeren. Typerend voor de verhouding wetgever – rechter is (rechtsvormende) samenwerking. Obsolete kaders als de triasleer en de Wet AB brengen de werkelijkheid niet dichterbij.
The suitability of CFD in diagnosis
and treatment of laryngeal diseases
Authors: Gamrot-Wrzoł Marta , Marków Magdalena , Janecki Daniel , Misiołek Maciej
Published: July 2020

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a fluid mechanics department that uses numerical methods to solve fluid flow issues.
A review of the literature was done as well to summarize the usage of the CFD method in the assessment of airflow through
the upper respiratory tract (GDO), especially in the larynx. CFD is now becoming a very useful tool not only for analyzing
airflow patterns and mechanism of particle deposition in the larynx, but also for obtaining information on temperature,
pressure and shear stress changes in GDO. It is a tool with which one can safely plan surgical treatment as well as predict its
potential effects.
Interchangeability of three different methods
of calculating Pure Tone Average in patients
with vestibular schwannoma to assess the risk
of surgery-related hearing loss
Authors: Ochal-Choińska Aleksandra , Lachowska Magdalena , Kurczak Katarzyna , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: July 2020

Background: Patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) most commonly present with hearing threshold reduction for high frequencies and a falling type of audiometric curve. However, it is doubtful whether all Pure Tone Averages described in the literature characterize patients with VS correctly, as the type of PTA which comprises higher frequencies may be more appropriate for hearing status assessment in those patients.
Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze 3 common methods of calculating Pure Tone Averages (PTA1 – 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 Hz; PTA2 – 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz; PTA3 – 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz) and to determine which of them is the most reliable for the assessment of VS patients.
Material and Methods: The study group included 86 patients operated on due to vestibular schwannoma accessed via the middle cranial fossa.
Results: Regarding the method of calculating Pure Tone Averages (PTA1, PTA2 and PTA3) identical or similar correlations were found between the preoperative values of Pure Tone Averages (PTA1, PTA2 and PTA3) and surgery-related hearing loss, as well as individual parameters of audiologic tests.
Conclusions: Pure Tone Averages calculated according to 3 different methods (PTA1, PTA2, PTA3) may be used interchangeably in the assessment of hearing in VS patients.
Radiological changes in maxillary sinus
morphology after lateral sinus floor
augmentation
Authors: Shpachynskyi Oleksandr , Didkovskij Viacheslav , Kopchak Andrii
Published: July 2020

Background: Restoration of the masticatory function in patients with edentulous posterior maxilla is often challenging due to the severe atrophy of the alveolar ridges and proximity of the maxillary sinus, resulting in insufficient bone quantity for implant-supported dentures.
Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in Schneiderian membrane thickness after lateral sinus floor augmentation (LSFA) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Material and methods: WLSFA procedures using different bone grafting materials were performed in 87 patients, operated on in two clinical institutions from 2016 to 2018. CBCT examination was performed in all patients before the LSFA procedure, at 1 month after surgery, and after 6 months, before implant placement or loading.
Results: Minor r adiological changes in mucous membrane morphology were observed preoperatively in 17.1% of patients. Postoperative CBCT in the early postsurgical period demonstrated that the number of intact non-specific sinuses decreased significantly, i.e. from 86.7% to 26.7%. The number of cases with local hypertrophia of the mucous membrane increased from 20.3% to 26.7%. Mucosal thickening was observed in 41.7% vs 7.5%. The number of intact sinuses increased to 57.8%. The number of cases with local membrane hypertrophia also increased – to 37.4%. The number of cases with mucosal thickening or fluid accumulation decreased significantly to 11.8 and 5.3% respectively. In 2 cases the development of chronic sinusitis required secondary surgeries.
Conclusion: The present retrospective study revealed that minor radiological changes in the morphology of the maxillary sinus mucosa were observed preoperatively in 17.1% of patients who underwent LSFA procedures. In the early and late postoperative period their frequency increased to 68.5% and 47.1%, respectively. However, the clinical signs of sinusitis developed only in 19.26% of patients. No significant correlations were found between the frequency and severity of postoperative radiological changes and residual bone height, sinus anatomy, initial state of the mucous membrane and type of the grafting material.
Mediations with the participation of family members with domestic violence problem – possibilities and barriers
Authors: Lewicka-Zelent Agnieszka
Published: July 2020

It is increasingly common in Poland to resolve conflicts by way of constructive methods. Mediation as one of such methods does no longer solely refer to juvenile matters from which it actually started in Poland. Due to its numerous positive aspects it is conducted in various areas of Polish people’s lives: politics, religion, education, etc. Researchers seek also an answer to the question as to whether it is reasonable to apply it in the matters involving the persons deprived of liberty. It seems that in the case of certain offences it is substantially less applicable than in others. As an example, a considerable controversy sparks off when domestic violence perpetrators take part in mediation, which is why the objective of the article consists in pondering upon possibilities and barriers of their participation in mediation meetings both in the civil and penal matters. Accordingly, the term “domestic violence” is defined and the specificity of conflicts accompanying violence is covered then. Nevertheless, the emphasis is put on the analysis of mediation in civil matters – family and penal matters with the participation of persons deprived of liberty in accordance with the Article 207 of the Polish Penal Code.
Immunological aging and clinical consequences
Authors: Tylutka Anna , Zembroń-Łacny Agnieszka
Published: July 2020

Immunosenescence is defined as the changes in the immune system associated with age. It is a progressive and irreversible process involving a decrease in the number of naïve T and B cells, NK cells cytotoxic and activity, and disruption of pro and anti-inflammatory balance by altering the production of IL-2, -4, -6, -10, -10, TNF-α, interferon γ and others. With age there is an increase in autoimmunity and generalized inflammation with simultaneous immunodeficiency, which results in greater susceptibility to infectious diseases, a decrease in reactivity to prophylactic vaccinations, the incidence of autoimmune diseases, and increased risk of infectious injury complications, exacerbation of symptoms of chronic diseases and an insufficient response to the presence of cells cancer. For years, based on the analysis of the frequency of viral and bacterial infections, immunological indicators and inflammation, attempts have been made to develop the immune risk profile (IRP) and effective methods of preventing disorders of the immune system and prolonging the functional capacity of the elderly.
Tendências e desafios da Política Externa de Bolsonaro: o resgate do choque das civilizações, a questão do declínio da ordem liberal e as rupturas internas
Authors: Medeiros Klei P. , Vilas Boas Vinícius Hyppolito , Andrade Enrico Marsons
Published: July 2020

As primeiras medidas do Governo Bolsonaro no âmbito externo, como a viagem à Israel e aos EUA, bem como as mudanças no Itamaraty, levaram a uma discussão entre acadêmicos e policymakers a respeito da ideologia e da estratégia que comanda a visão de mundo dos atuais formuladores da política exterior brasileira. Portanto, aqui se apresenta uma análise de conjuntura com base na interpretação do contexto internacional (estrutura), a partir da perspectiva do choque das civilizações, somado à recente discussão a respeito do suposto declínio da ordem internacional liberal, como elementos que explicam a interpretação feita pelos conservadores brasileiros sobre a forma de ação externa mais adequada ao país. Em seguida, são analisadas as primeiras ações do governo Bolsonaro a partir destas perspectivas, demonstrando que representam uma quebra no pragmatismo e racionalidade-burocrática típicos da política externa brasileira e, consequentemente, um desafio no sentido de conferir coerência aos receptores internacionais e internos de tal política nos próximos anos.
Entscheidungsträger in der deutschen Außenpolitik
Authors: Rabini Christian , Dimmroth Katharina , Brummer Klaus , Hansel Mischa
Published: July 2020

Chancellors and foreign ministers have had a formative influence on German foreign policy. Adenauer’s ‘policy of Western integration’ or Brandt’s ‘new Eastern policy’ are cases in point. This volume discusses which leadership traits and political beliefs have guided the actions of German decision makers from 1949 until today. For that purpose, we employ analytical schemes through which the individual characteristics and idiosyncrasies of German decision makers can be identified based on automated coding. Empirical studies, for instance on the consequences of ‘external shocks’ or war experiences on the traits and beliefs of German foreign policy decision makers, illustrate the added value of this actor-specific approach to German foreign policy.
Translational Rock-Block Slides in a Tertiary Flyschoid Complexes of Southern Piedmont Region (North-West Italy)
Authors: Luino Fabio , Turconi Laura
Published: July 2020

The southern Piedmont Region (north-west Italy) is characterized by a hilly zone called “Langhe” that covers an area of about 2300 km2 and is bordered by Tanaro River at north and west, by Orba River at east, and by Apennine mountains at south. The Langhe is rolling hills famous for their excellent wine, populated by many small inhabited centers since ancient times. An idea of the Langhe geomorphology can be gained by studying the word “Langa”: it may have been derived from either “landa,” which means a wild and uninhabited place or from “lingua,” which means a strip of land. The morphology of the Langhe hills is characterized by asymmetrical valleys with steep south-east facing slopes and more gentle north-west facing slopes: their profile is defined “saw toothed” by local inhabitants. The asymmetric shape is clearly conditioned by the geology. Severe hydrological events occurred in the last 100 years in Piedmont in particular on May 1926, February and March 1972, February 1974, and November 1994. During these long rainy periods, on the gentler slopes, translational rock-block slides involve tertiary flyschoid complexes represented by rhythmic series of deposits with varied grain size. These landslides often damage or destroy buildings and roads, even if rarely claim human lives.
Vacuum Brazing of Dissimilar Joints Mo-SS with Cu-Mn-Ni Brazing Filler Metal
Authors: Svitlana Maksymova
Published: July 2020

The complexity of joining dissimilar materials, such as molybdenum-stainless steel, is due to the difference in thermal coefficients of linear expansion and low oxidation resistance of molybdenum. In this connection, brazing of this pair of materials should be performed in vacuum. The selection of chemical composition of brazing filler metal and its melting temperature range is very important. This work presents the results of metallographic and micro X-Ray spectral analysis investigations of dissimilar brazed joints of molybdenum-stainless steel and shows the features of the formation of brazed seams at application of brazing filler metals of Cu-Mn-Ni(Me) system. It is found that at brazed seam, crystallize reaction layers form the side of molybdenum. One layer is based on molybdenum, enriched in iron and silicon. The second layer is based on iron, enriched in silicon. At brazing temperature of 1100°C, base metal dispersion occurs, which can be avoided at temperature lowering to 1084°C. The structure of solid solution with a small amount of iron-enriched dispersed phase crystallizes in the central zone of brazed seams. The brazed joints produced with application of brazing filler metal based on Cu-Mn-Ni system are characterized by maximum values of shear strength.
A Review on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Ohadian Moghadam Solmaz , Afshar Davoud
Published: July 2020

Context: A series of unexplained pneumonia cases were first reported as of December 2019, in Wuhan, China. Official names have been announced for the novel human coronavirus responsible for the pneumonia outbreak in China, and the disease it causes has been announced Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite great efforts worldwide to control the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the spread of the virus has recently reached a pandemic. Currently, infection prevention and control of this virus are the primary concerns for public health officials and professionals. In this review, the current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, and potential treatment options of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and the possible reasons for milder presentations of COVID-19 in children than in adults were discussed to provide an insight into the further characterization of COVID-19 in children. Evidence Acquisition: The most recent evidence about the clinical features and potential reasons for the non-susceptibility of children to SARS-CoV-2 infection have been provided in the present narrative review. A systematic search was performed in some databases/search engines, including ISI Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Then, the relevant published articles were reviewed. The keywords utilized for finding related articles were Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), pediatric, COVID-19, treatment, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), clinical feature, coronavirus, and pneumonia. Results: Based on the findings, respiratory infections caused by the virus are more frequent in children aged five years or younger than in other age groups. However, the currently available data suggest that COVID-19 infection in children seems to be uncommon. Moreover, in the case of infection with SARS-CoV-2, the disease presentation is frequently milder than in adults and the overall burden in children was reported to be relatively low. Conclusions: Several explanations have been suggested to justify the milder symptoms in children than in adults, including differences in immunity systems of children and adults and differences in ACE2 expression as a receptor for virus attachment. Moreover, while children tend to present mild symptoms of infection, their role in the spread of the disease in the community should not be ignored.
Dance research: Online resources
Authors: Spina Carli
Published: July 2020

Dance is a topic that can foster many different types of research, reaching from historical topics to scientific ones. This makes it a fascinating topic for librarians, who may find themselves supporting a broad range of researchers and projects while working with dance resources. As with many research topics, there are a number of online resources that can help you to respond to patron requests and guide research about dance. Moreover, as a performing art, many online resources can prove particularly valuable for dance scholarship since they make it possible to find images and videos that offer a unique way for users to learn to dance or research dance topics for academic purposes.
Internet Reviews
Authors: Roberts Joni R. , Drost Carol A.
Published: July 2020

Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research (CEEP)The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Science Information (LILACS)
People in the News
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: July 2020

Tim BucknallHayley JohnsonNora BurmeisterAlexandra (Sasha) DeynekaAnna Grau SchmidtDerek WebbSelma Jaskowski
Impact of Intellectual Disability on the Family Economy in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeleke Owoade Philip , Ewa James Abua , Olayi James Eburikuri , Orim Samuel Orim
Published: July 2020

This study investigated the impact of intellectual disability (ID) on the family economy in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. The cost of parenting a child with ID in Nigeria is overwhelming as there is no state provision for the care of this group, consequently imposing burden on the parents. Parents of persons with ID in Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria, constituted the study population. The study sample includes 150 parents of persons with ID. Intellectual Disability and Family Economy Assessment Scale (r = 0.877) was used for data collection. Data were analysed using frequency count and percentage. The study revealed that ID significantly affects the family economy and education of siblings and persons with ID in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. The impact of ID on the family economy in the study area is generally negative. Nigerian government should put in place the necessary social facility that will help reduce the impact of the disability on the families.
The study of biological activity nanomaterial in cultivation conditions pigs sperm and oocytes in vitro
Authors: Shcherbak O. V. , Ziuziun A. B. , Osypchuk O. S. , Kovtun S. I. , Halahan N. P. , Trotskyi P. A.
Published: July 2020

Aim. To assess the biological activity of nanomaterial UFS/BSA/NANA of culture conditions with different concentrations of spermatozoa and the oocyte-cumulus complexes of pigs in vitro. Methods. For study biological activity in experiments used ejaculate cryopreserved sperms of three boars (Bank Animal Genetic Resources Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V. Zubets of National Academy of Agrarian Science of Ukraine) and freshly prepared oocytes pigs. Results. In study effect of different concentrations NM (UFS/BSA/NANA) on viability gametes boar. The most active sperms when we add UFS/BSA/NANA in concentration 0.001 %. Adding UFS/BSA/NANA 0.1 % concentration in the cell culture medium has provided formation mature pigs oocytes for significantly higher level, which was 20.2 % more compared to the control and 18.7 % higher, when we add UFS/BSA/NANA in concentration 0.001 %. Conclusions. It is demonstrated the positive effect on defrosted boars sperms with adding UFS/BSA/NANA in concentration 0.001 %, their biological activity increased by 13.3 % compared with control. It is demonstration that add UFS/BSA/NANA in concentration 0.1 % in cell culture medium with pig’s oocytes, level of maturation increased by 20.2 %.Keywords: oocytes, sperms, pigs, cultivation in vitro, ultra-fine silica (UFS).
Organization of crt-clusters of strains from the Streptomyces griseus group
Authors: Polishchuk L. V. , Lukyanchuk V. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The purpose of this study was to reveal similarities and differences in structures of crt-clusters of some strains from the Streptomyces griseus group. Methods. Resources of the server NCBI (programs BLAST: blast and bl2seq and database Genome (Chromosome) were used for analysis in silico of crt-cluster organizations of 17 strains from the S. griseus clade. Results. Search in silico in the database Genome (Chromosome) identified 45 strains that have been selected according to the degree of identity of the primary structures of their 16S rRNA gene sequences rrn1-gene necessary for S. griseus group members. The genomes of these 17 (37.7 %) strains had crt-clusters. 16 of them consisted of two convergent operons that combined 7 crt-genes. It showed the identity above 73 % of greater homologous fragments of crt-cluster (overlap 90 %). Only the crt-clusters of 15 strains were theoretically capable to synthesize carotenoids because crt-clusters of two strains (Streptomyces sp. Mg1, S. subrutilus 10-1-1) were with mutated crtE-genes and one cluster from the S. pristinaespiralis HCCB 10218 genome had no the crtE-gene. Conclusions. It was found the same scheme of crt-clusters organization in 17 studied strains from the S. griseus clade: they consisted of two convergent operons, which were mostly combined from 7 crt-genes (except was the strain S. pristinaespiralis HCCB 10218, whose cluster concluded of 6 genes).

Keywords: crt-cluster, organization of cluster, strain, genome, search in silico.
The library of spatial structure models of tubulins from pathogenic worms
Authors: Spivak S. I. , Demchuk O. M. , Karpov P. A. , Ozheriedov S. P. , Blume Ya. B.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of this work is to create library of pathogenic helminths tubulin 3D-models. Created models will be used as targets for in silico screening of new anthelmintic compounds. Methods. Tubulin sequences were obtained from UniProtKB database. Modeling of spatial structure of the proteins was performed using I-TASSER server. Optimization of three-dimensional models geometry was performed in Gromacs using amber03 force field. Results. Based on Uni-ProtKB database analysis, 302 amino acid sequences of α- (105), β- (170) and γ-tubulins (27) of pathogenic worms were selected. 3D-models of selected proteins were built using base protocol. Conclusions. A built 3D models of pathogenic worms tubulins were deposited in CSModDB (http://csmoddb.ifbg.org.ua/comodore/index.php) database. Created library of 3-D structures are suitable for further usage in VO CSLabGrid virtual screening for new compounds.

Keywords: tubulin, pathogenic worms, database, Grid.
Uforsvarligt
Authors: Udenrigs Redaktion
Published: July 2020

Verdenshavet og Holmens Kanal
Kina er kommet på niveau med USA
Authors: Gården Hugo
Published: July 2020

Hugo Gården skriver om Kinas udfordringer både indenrigs op udenrigs anno 2013.
Det ulykkelige Arabien
Authors: Libak Anna
Published: July 2020

Noter i marginen
Velkommen til flertallets verden – den religiøse
Authors: Wæver Ole
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Svinebugten 50 år efter
Authors: Lohmann Jens
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Et samfund af stumme
Authors: Floryan Jan Jakob
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Da verden blev rundtosset
Authors: Udenrigs Redaktion
Published: July 2020

Fra Verdenshavet og Frederiksholms Kanal
Ser Erdogan sig selv i Morsi?
Authors: Vela Justin
Published: July 2020

Justin Vela om Erdogans forhold til det nyere etableret Egyptiske styre.
Modernitet og sekularisme i krise
Authors: Yasmin Lailufar
Published: July 2020

Lailufar Yasmin skriver om sekularismens kompliceret ståsted i islamiske lande.
Iran: Den nye præsidents mange udfordringer
Authors: Amuzegar Jahangir
Published: July 2020

Jahangir Amuzegar skriver om Hassan Rowhani nye regeringsperiode i Iran.
Klimaændring, ørkendannelse og konflikt i Sahel
Authors: Rasmussen Kjeld
Published: July 2020

Kjeld Rasmussen og Ole Wæver skriver om klima som sikkerhedsproblem.
Krigens folkeret
Authors: Døcker Henrik
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Humanitær intervention i Libyen
Authors: Brems Knudsen Tonny
Published: July 2020

Tonny Brems Knudsen & Mads Dagnis Jensen om Libyens krise.
Taiwan i kort snor
Authors: Jerichow Anders
Published: July 2020

Anders Jerichow skriver om Taiwans skrøbelige fundament takket være et supermagten Kina.
Fire ton våben over Indien
Authors: Sperling Vibeke
Published: July 2020

Sagen om en danskers nedkastning af våben til oprørere i Vestbengalen kaster lange og dyre skygger over de indisk-danske relationer.
Motoren bag indisk nationalisme
Authors: Nandy Ashis
Published: July 2020

Ashis Nandy om indisk nationalisme.
Kosovo: Lang rejse mod selvstændighed
Authors: Jessen-Petersen Søren
Published: July 2020

Søren Jessen-Petersen skriver om Kosovos vanskeligheder i at tilslutte sig EU.
EU’s krise er ikke en nord-syd krise
Authors: Østergård Uffe
Published: July 2020

Uffe Østergaard fortæller om EU's aktuelle krise som kan blive voldsom, hvis krisen bliver langtrukken og mediedækningen forbliver stereotypisk.
Når isen forsvinder
Authors: Petersen Nikolaj
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Conservation environnementale et production alimentaire « alternative » au Bas-Saint-Laurent, Québec
Authors: Doyon Sabrina
Published: July 2020

Depuis 20 ans, les initiatives de production alimentaire « alternatives » proposant une approche différente de la conservation de la nature sont en émergence au Bas-Saint-Laurent (Québec), une région aux prises, depuis des décennies, avec des difficultés économiques structurelles et où la conservation de la nature est moins importante sur le plan de la superficie que dans le reste du Québec. Ces initiatives mettent en oeuvre différentes activités s’inscrivant dans une écologisation de l’agriculture. Elles ont la particularité de comprendre des préoccupations pour la conservation de la nature en conjuguant des pratiques de production respectueuses, la protection et la préservation de la biodiversité et une approche du développement économique mettant de l’avant une éthique du local. Ces initiatives pourraient être complémentaires aux approches de conservation gouvernementales en place et potentiellement contribuer à l’atteinte de leurs objectifs. L’étude des contraintes auxquelles font face ces initiatives, qui sont révélées par leurs pratiques et discours, permet d’examiner la possibilité d’y parvenir.
La dynamique des pratiques change-t-elle la manière de penser les relations kanak aux continuités terre-mer et à la nature ?
Authors: Sabinot Catherine , Herrenschmidt Jean-Brice
Published: July 2020

Dans les tribus de Nouvelle-Calédonie, de nouvelles pratiques socioéconomiques et des négociations en matière de gestion environnementale entre les populations kanak et l’Administration témoignent d’un désir de réappropriation et de reformulation des liens avec la nature et les territoires. La notion de « liens » est en effet centrale dans l’évolution récente du droit environnemental et des dynamiques de protection des territoires marins. La légitimité territoriale revendiquée, en particulier la continuité terre-mer, constitue la projection des représentations et de la manière d’être au monde. Elle participe de l’ordre social et des relations qui lient les humains entre eux, au monde invisible des ancêtres et aux non-humains. L’implication des habitants kanak des littoraux du Grand Sud calédonien dans la gestion d’aires marines protégées et les expérimentations socioéconomiques locales appellent un changement de paradigme en matière de gestion et de conservation de l’environnement : il s’agit avant tout de maintenir un mode de vie, dont la soutenabilité réside dans la capacité des sociétés contemporaines à construire du sens et à entretenir les liens entre les humains et avec le territoire.
Par-delà les savoirs maritimes traditionnels ?
Authors: Artaud Hélène
Published: July 2020

Depuis maintenant plusieurs décennies, la prise en compte de savoirs écologiques traditionnels et de valeurs culturelles associées à la nature stimule des modèles de gestion des ressources alternatifs. Dans le cadre d’un projet comparatif mené dans l’Outre-mer français, l’auteure a recueilli les savoirs traditionnels relatifs aux récifs coralliens. À l’issue d’une étude comparative, force a été de constater la difficile identification des traditions maritimes dans plusieurs des sites étudiés, principalement dans les océans Indien et Atlantique. Le présent article s’applique à en comprendre les raisons. En puisant dans l’histoire intellectuelle et coloniale, il interroge la spécificité du traitement réservé à la mer dans ces territoires et découvre les ressorts de ses transformations contemporaines.
Effect of predation risk and ectoparasitic louse flies on physiological stress condition of the red-tailed tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) from Rapa Nui and Salas & Gómez islands
Authors: Luna Nicolas , Varela Andrea I. , Luna-Jorquera Guillermo , Brokordt Katherina
Published: July 2020

Background

Introduced predators at seabird colonies and parasites may have lethal and/or sub-lethal consequences for bird populations. We assessed the potential sub-lethal negative effects of these stressors in a native seabird listed as vulnerable in its south-eastern pacific distribution. This study was conducted in two red-tailed tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) colonies, one located in Rapa Nui Island, which is threatened by the presence of introduced predators, and the other located in Salas & Gómez Island, which has no introduced predators, but birds are infested by ectoparasitic louse flies.

Methods

The effects on physiological stress traits of both, predation risk on different nest types (protected and exposed) on Rapa Nui, and different levels of louse flies’ parasitic loads on Salas & Gómez were studied. Three variables were analyzed: the heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, the transcriptional levels of mRNA HSP70 in blood, and the body condition. These stress indicators and leukocyte counts were compared between colonies.

Results

No significant differences were found in any stress indicator between different nest types within Rapa Nui, showing that the effect of predator’s presence was the same for adults nesting in both, protected and exposed nests. No significant correlation was found between louse flies’ parasitic loads and any stress indicators in the birds of Salas & Gómez. Also, there was no difference in any stress indicator between islands. However, a significant opposite trend between islands was found in the eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts when related to body condition.

Conclusions

We found a lack of significant differentiation in all the stress level indicators assessed within and between islands. The presence of louse flies in Salas & Gómez vs. the absence of this parasite at Rapa Nui may be the cause for the significant difference in the trend of eosinophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts between the islands. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the reason for this difference and to better investigate the lethal effects of introduced predators on the Rapa Nui colony to evaluate appropriate conservation measures for this native seabird.
Interpretation of Two Personal Names in the Ninth Line of the Tonyukuk Inscription (Toñ S2)
Authors: Ryken Pavel , Telitsin Nikolai
Published: July 2020

The paper deals with the etymology of the personal names Qunï Säŋün and Toŋra Simä appearing in the ninth line of the Old Turkic Tonyukuk inscription (ca. 716). These names are borne by the envoys sent by the kagan of the Tokuz Oghuz to the Chinese and Khitan, respectively, to conclude a military alliance against the Turks. Both names have the same structure, a combination of an ethnonym (qun(ï) vs. toŋra), referring to a tribal unit within the Tiele 鐵勒 confederation, and a title of Chinese origin (säŋün vs. simä). Based on a thorough analysis of historical and philological data, the authors try to establish possible ethnolinguistic grounds for the Tokuz Oghuz mission, which have so far eluded researchers of the inscription and can be fully restored only in the light of the latest discoveries in the history and philology of Inner Asia of the Old Turkic period, e.g., the decipherment of the famous Khüis Tolgoi inscription from Mongolia.
Anxiety over the Filial Body
Authors: He Jianjun
Published: July 2020

This paper reexamines the concept of filial piety (xiao) from a specific perspective, asking how filial piety is performed by and observed on the body. I argue that in pre-Qin and Han Confucian texts, there was a strong anxiety over the potential hypocrisies of filial deeds; that is, the fact that filial piety could be abused and transformed to become a mere show intended for gaining fame and reputation. Because of this, early commentators felt the need to create methods and criteria for evaluating filial piety. One important way to do this was to examine how filial piety was materialized through the ritual performance of the body. Filial piety was thus embodied and evaluated in terms of corporality. Ironically, this embodiment of filial piety had its own paradox as filial piety could become oversimplified as physical care of the parents and the ritual of xiao be reduced to a performance.
Assessment of the Effects of Seasonal Flooding on the Properties of Floodplain Soils of Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors: Gani A. T. , Bako T. , Christopher A.
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of seasonal flooding on the properties of floodplain soils of Wukari Area of Taraba state. The treatments consisted of five different locations of Gidan-Idi, Gindin-Dorowa, Tsokundi, Rafin-Kada and Nwuko and three different soil sample depths of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. Soil samples were collected from each plot in 2016 and 2017. All soil samples were analyzed for physical and chemical properties. The results obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and means separated using F-LSD test at p≤.05. The results of the soil properties analysis showed that some of the determined parameters were significantly different at the different sample locations at p≤.05. The soils of Wukari Floodplains are mostly clay loam in texture having very slightly acid to neutral soil reaction, moderate organic matter, low total N, moderate available P, low exchangeable bases and CEC. The flood plain soils were moderate in soil fertility, a confirmation of the general characteristic of Savanna soils. The soils were not deficient in micronutrients. Seasonal flooding had significant (positive) influence on some physical and chemical properties of the flood plains most particularly at Rafin-Kada.
Genetic Variability and Association Analysis of Oat (Avena sativa L.) Genotypes for Green Forage Yield and Other Components
Authors: Sahu Mayuri , Tiwari Ajay
Published: July 2020

Fourteen genotypes of fodder oat (Avena sativa L.) were evaluated to assess the genetic variability and association analysis during Rabi 2018-19. The character dry matter yield (q/ha/day) had the highest heritability. GCV and PCV estimate was recorded for the days to 50% flowering. Highest genetic advance was observed for green forage yield (q/ha) were as high as percentage of mean was observed for dry matter yield (q/ha/day). In the present experiment, it is evident for the result that day to 50% flowering has a highly significant negative correlation with green forage yield. The highest positive direct effect contributing to green forage yield (q/ha) was due to low crude protein (q/ha). However indirect effect on improvement in green fodder yield was exerted by most of the traits studied. A direct selection for all these traits will help in the improvement of green fodder yield. Green fodder yield was positively correlated with most of the traits studied except days to 50% flowering and plant height (cm). The study provided the opportunity to identify suitable genotypes to be used in a future breeding programme.
Mortality Due to COVID-19 in the Elderly: Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Carvalho Dayara de Nazaré Rosa de , Aguiar Viviane Ferraz Ferreira de , Bendelaque Dandara de Fátima Ribeiro , Neves Lorena Nayara Alves , Sobrinho Celice Ruanda Oliveira , Martins Jaqueline Dantas Neres , Costa Rafael Everton Assunção Ribeiro da , Souza Susi dos Santos Barreto de , Pamplona Mônica Custódia do Couto Abreu , Nascimento Marcia Helena Machado , Sá Antônia Margareth Moita , Feitosa Elisa da Silva , Peixoto Ivonete Vieira Pereira
Published: July 2020

Aims: Explore national and international literature about mortality in elderly caused by COVID-19.

Methodology: An integrative literature review was performed using the databases: Virtual Health Library (VHL), PubMed/Medline (National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health/Medical Literature Analyzes Sand Retrieval System Online) and Cochrane Library. The selection of articles occurred from the combination of the descriptors: “Coronavirus Infections”; “Aged” and “Mortality” mediated by the Boolean operator “AND”. After evaluating and synthesizing the articles, the data were analyzed using the IRaMuTeQ software, a program that is anchored in the R software.

Results: After analyzing the identification of textual domains and interpretation, 4 classes emerged: 1) The importance of tests for the control and good prognosis of infection in the elderly; 2) Predictors related to high mortality in the elderly; 3) Comorbidities associated with a high mortality rate; 4) The reasons for the transmission of the virus are more worrying in the elderly.

Conclusion: The elderly population presents different risks for mortality, an example of physiological changes such as immune senescence, critical, social and psychological factors and the presence of comorbidities.
Design of Upper A Arm of Double Wishbone Suspension System
Authors: Amarnath M. , Prasad K. Sriram , Babyloni Jeevan
Published: July 2020

Every All-Terrain vehicle right now uses independent suspension system which consists of double wishbones connected to all the tires. As All-Terrain vehicles generally operated on different road conditions it is an absolute necessity to have a robust design of wish bones. A good deformation rate and good FOS determines how good a design. In this study we have designed three types of upper wishbones in Solid Works whose suspension geometry based on wheel base, track width, roll center and pith center of the vehicle is validated in LOTUS software and the following graphs of camber, castor, toe, kingpin inclination are obtained. Linear static structural analysis is performed on all the three types designed in Ansys software and total deformation rate, equivalent stresses generated and FOS is calculated and the based on the results the best design is used for the vehicle. The design provided greater suspension travel, reducing the un-sprung mass of the vehicle, maximizing the performance of the suspension system of the vehicle and better handling of vehicle while cornering. The design is used in SAE BAJA 2020 competition Conducted in Chitkara University Punjab.
Ophthalmology as a Career Choice of Rotatory Medical Interns at Two Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria Middle Belt
Authors: Ojabo C. O. , Ojo B. A. , Udu C. , Efu M. E.
Published: July 2020

The distribution of medical manpower among the various specialties should be of interest to government, health care planners and medical education of any nation. With this in mind, this study was design to determine the factors that may influence this specialty choice amongst interns especially in Nigerian middle belt. Ophthalmology is a unique field of medicine that combines the hypothesis generating intellectual aspect of diagnosis with the opportunity to perform procedures both in clinic and in the operating theatre. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi and Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi with a semi structured questionnaire. A total of 61 questionnaires were given out with 52 completely answered and returned given a response rate of 85.2% over a two week period. The mean age of the rotatory medical interns was 30.08 years with the youngest, 23 years and oldest, 42 years and a range of 19. Forty four (44) (84.6%) were male and eight (8) (15.4%) were female. The respondents mean age was 30.08 years with a range of 19. This is a dynamic work force and if effectively utilized will go a long way in the efforts at providing quality health care to the populace. The study also shows a significant relationship between the medical school attended and the choice of specialty. Concluding, factors influencing interns’ specialty choice should guide government’s health administrators and educators as they may be responsible for mal-distribution of medical manpower across the various specialties.
Population
Authors: Roberts Melinda A.
Published: July 2020

The choices we make today have consequences for what life will be like for future people, how many future people there will be, and who those future people are. Such quality, quantity, and identity issues fall within the domain of population ethics. A widely accepted goal within moral philosophy is the design of a moral theory that plausibly instructs whether an agent's choice to distribute well‐being across a given population in a given way is morally permissible in light of alternative distributions of well‐being across that same population available to that agent at the critical time. Closely related is the design of a theory that plausibly ranks one such distribution against another in terms of the respective moral value, or degree of goodness, of each. The recognition that drives population ethics is that any adequate moral theory must also take into account that the very choices under evaluation for their permissibility may themselves produce distinct populations – some larger, some smaller, some that overlap in terms of identities of their membership, and some that do not. An adequate moral theory must give a plausible account, in other words, of both “same people” (and hence “same number”) cases and “different people” (whether “same number” or not) cases.
Recoverable Photolithographic Patterning for Polarized Display and Encryption
Authors: Xu Lirong , Feng Yechang , Yu Dingshan , Zheng Zhikun , Chen Xudong , Hong Wei
Published: July 2020

Anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures have attracted significant attention in recent years because of their unique optical properties and potential applications in holograms, thermotherapy, and information encoding. Herein, a gold nanorods/photoactive hydrogel system with excellent mechanical and photoreactive recoverability is developed. Multiscale engineering exploits the synergy among components to endow the system with rapid self‐healing ability, repetitive photolithographic capability, robust mechanical properties, and 3D printability, enabling multiple encoding routes including polarized patterns based on depolarization under UV‐lithography, polarized patterns by direct ink writing, invisible patterns through increased light absorption by depolarization, and thermal imaging patterns by anisotropic photothermal effects. This approach provides a facile and sustainable method for polarized patterning, thereby contributing to smart devices for applications in display, information encryption, and anti‐counterfeiting.
Heat Diffusion‐Induced Gradient Energy Level in Multishell Bisulfides for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Wang Bilin , Guo Shaohui , Xin Xu , Zhang Youzi , Wang Yijin , Li Chenghua , Song Yaru , Deng Dongshan , Li Xuanhua , Sobrido Ana Jorge , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena
Published: July 2020

Insufficient light absorption and low carrier separation/transfer efficiency constitute two key issues that hinder the development of efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production. Here, multishell ZnS/CoS2bisulfide microspheres with gradient distribution of Zn based on the heat diffusion theory are designed. The Zn distribution can be adjusted by regulating the heating rate and manipulating the diffusion coefficients of the different elements conforming the multishell photocatalyst. Because of the unique structure, a gradient energy level is created from the core to the exterior of the multishell microspheres, which effectively facilitates the exciton separation and electron transfer. In addition, stronger light absorption and larger specific surface area have been achieved in the multishell ZnS/CoS2photocatalysts. As a result, the multishell ZnS/CoS2microspheres with gradient distribution of Zn exhibit a remarkable hydrogen production rate of 8001µmol g−1h−1, which is 3.5 times higher than that of the normal multishell ZnS/CoS2particles with well‐distributed Zn and 11.3 times higher than that of the mixed nonshell ZnS and CoS2particles. This work demonstrates for the first time that controlling the diffusion rate of the different elements in the semiconductor is an effective route to simultaneously regulate morphology and structure to design highly efficient photocatalysts.
Generation of Competitive and Coexisting Two Pairs of Biphotons in Single Hot Atomic Vapor Cell
Authors: Li Kangkang , Feng Yuan , Li Xinghua , Gu Bingling , Cai Yin , Zhang Yanpeng
Published: July 2020

The non‐classical states of light serve as a potential candidate for emerging quantum information process. A processing trend to enhance its scalability is to integrate multiple nonlinear processes with the dressed‐state picture into a single device, and therefore, are useful for quantum computations. Here, a novel method is proposed to experimentally achieve the generation of coexisting two pairs of narrow‐band biphotons by two four‐wave mixing processes in a single hot rubidium vapor cell. Based on the photon‐atom nonlinear interfaces, the generated biphotons exhibits genuine entanglement in time–energy. Meanwhile, the nonlinear susceptibility with the dressed‐state picture decides the temporal correlation of the biphotons wave packet as a damped periodic Rabi oscillation, suggesting the property of the high‐dimensional time–energy entangled state. Such a high‐dimensional entangled state also is an efficient way to enhance information carrying capacity. By alternating two nonlinear susceptibilities in a single device, respectively, there exists a competition of the generation rate between such two pairs of biphotons. Moreover, both generated two pairs of biphotons that violate the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality and show their non‐classical behavior.
Activatable CRISPR Transcriptional Circuits Generate Functional RNA for mRNA Sensing and Silencing
Authors: Ying Zhan‐Ming , Wang Fenglin , Chu Xia , Yu Ru‐Qin , Jiang Jian‐Hui
Published: July 2020

CRISPR‐dCas9 systems that are precisely activated by cell‐specific information facilitate the development of smart sensors or therapeutic strategies. We report the development of an activatable dCas9 transcriptional circuit that enables sensing and silencing of mRNA in living cells using hybridization‐mediated structure switching for gRNA activation. The gRNA is designed with the spacer sequence blocked by a hairpin structure, and mRNA hybridization induces gRNA structure switching and activates the transcription of reporter RNA. An mRNA sensor developed using a light‐up RNA reporter shows high sensitivity and fast‐response imaging of survivin mRNA in cells under drug treatments and different cell lines. Furthermore, a feedback circuit is engineered by incorporating a small hairpin RNA in the reporter RNA, demonstrating a smart strategy for dynamic sensing and silencing of survivin with induced tumor cell apoptosis. This circuit illustrates a broadly applicable platform for the development of cell‐specific sensing and therapeutic strategies.