bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversing immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment of fibrolamellar carcinoma via PD-1 and IL-10 blockade
Authors: Daniel Sara K , Sullivan Kevin M , Dickerson Lindsay K , Bijgaart Renske JE van den , Utria Alan F , Labadie Kevin P , Kenerson Heidi L , Jiang Xiuyun , Smythe Kimberly S , Campbell Jean S , Pierce Robert H , Kim Teresa S , Riehle Kimberly J , Yeung Raymond S , Carter Jason A , Barry Kevin C , Pillarisetty Venu G
Published: November 2023

Background: Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare liver tumor driven by the DNAJ-PKAc fusion protein that affects healthy young patients. Little is known about the immune response to FLC, limiting rational design of immunotherapy.
Methods: Multiplex immunohistochemistry and gene expression profiling were performed to characterize the FLC tumor immune microenvironment and adjacent non-tumor liver (NTL). Flow cytometry and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing were performed to determine the phenotype of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and the extent of T cell clonal expansion. Fresh human FLC tumor slice cultures (TSCs) were treated with antibodies blocking programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), with results measured by cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry.
Results: Immune cells were concentrated in fibrous stromal bands, rather than in the carcinoma cell compartment. In FLC, T cells demonstrated decreased activation and regulatory T cells in FLC had more frequent expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 than in NTL. Furthermore, T cells had relatively low levels of clonal expansion despite high TCR conservation across individuals. Combination PD-1 and IL-10 blockade signficantly increased tumor cell death in human FLC TSCs.
Conclusions: Immunosuppresion in the FLC tumor microenvironment is characterized by T cell exclusion and exhaustion, which may be reversible with combination immunotherapy.
Enhancing the Occupational Safety, and Well-Being of Mining and Construction Workers: An Application of Emotional Intelligence Training (EIT)
Authors: Iyanda Mukhtar Olalekan , Taiwo Blessing Olamide , Akinlabi Adams Abiodun , Fissha Yewuhalashet , Phili Kelebogile , Ikeda Hajime , Kawamura Youhei
Published: November 2023

The mining and construction sector in Nigeria holds a pivotal position in driving economic development; nonetheless, it encounters notable challenges, such as project failures and safety apprehensions. The impact of leadership and safety considerations encompasses a broad spectrum of outcomes for projects and the welfare of individuals. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of inducing significant changes by introducing emotional intelligence (EI) training in the mining and construction industries in Ogun State, Nigeria. The present study employed a mixed-methods research design to authenticate the significant enhancements in post-training emotional intelligence (EI) levels seen among personnel at New Creation Constructions Ltd. The study included the consideration of five distinct groups (A-E) that were responsible for managing comparable projects. The optimization of Group E's improvement was achieved by the implementation of Emotional Intelligence (EI) training, and subsequently compared to the performance of the remaining four groups. The safety procedures within Group E experienced a substantial enhancement, marked by an escalated utilization of protective equipment, heightened consciousness of safety measures, and a reinforced dedication to safeguarding the welfare of colleagues. Group E exhibited outstanding project management efficiency, displaying commendable performance in multiple areas such as budget adherence, adherence to safety procedures, stakeholder satisfaction, effective communication, and proficient procurement management. To optimize the benefits outlined above, we suggest implementing emotional intelligence (EI) training programs, leadership development initiatives, stress management interventions, regular evaluations of well-being, and focused research tailored to the specific needs of the organization.
Determinants for adherence to the Mediterranean diet beyond the boundaries: A cross-sectional study from Sharjah the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Hashim Mona , Radwan Hadia , Ismail Leila Cheikh , Faris Moez Allslam Ezzat , Mohamad Maysm N , Saleh Sheima T. , Sweid Bisan , Naser Raghad , Hijaz Rahaf , Altaher Rania , Rashed Eman , Turki Eman , Kitbi Mahra Al
Published: November 2023

Background
Substantial evidence embraced the nutrition competence of the Mediterranean diet (MD) as a healthy model for decreasing risk of many chronic diseases and increasing longevity, with the bonus of ensuring environmental sustainability. Measuring adherence to this diet is marginally investigated in the Gulf region, an away of the Mediterranean region. The objectives of this study aimed to assess adherence to MD among adults in the Sharjah Emirate of the United Arab Emirates and to identify the relationship between adherence level with the sociodemographic, health status, and lifestyle parameters of the participants.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study that included 1340 male and female subjects. Data collection was performed using a self-reported web-based electronic questionnaire that included sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, while adherence to the MD was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener validated questionnaire.
Results
There was a moderate adherence score (5.9 ± 1.9) among the study participants. The lowest contribution to the MD food components was from fish (9.3%), followed by fruits (12.3%), and legumes (18.3%). The adjusted model of the multivariable linear regression analysis showed an overall significant linear trend for the association between the MD adherence score and variables studied outcomes. Physical activity, nutrition information from dietitians, and social media were the most strongly related predictors for higher adherence (β = 0.747; 95% CI 0.51–0.98, and β 0.60; 95% CI 0.269–0.93; p < 0.001, respectively. While smokers and non-Mediterranean participants were associated with lower adherence scores (β = 0.538; 95% CI 0.252–0.82, p < 0.001.
Conclusion
The findings of the current study enlighten the public health and nutrition specialists/dietitians to tailor intervention programs and to establish new modern approaches for promoting healthy dietary behaviours consistent with the MD.
Fostering Green Economic Growth: Exploring the Synergy of Green Innovation, Energy Efficiency, and Foreign Direct Investment in OECD Nations
Authors: Khan Junaid , Naheed Rehana , Shaheen Waseem Abbas , Nauman Muhammad
Published: November 2023

Due to continuous increase in economic growth all over the world, countries have faced increasing environmental and social issues. Due to harmful environmental consequences of economic growth, green economic growth is vital for sustainable development. However, despite its significance, the driving factors of green growth remain underexplored in empirical evidence. Moreover, technological innovation, efficient energy consumption and investment in green projects may direct the movement of green growth. Therefore, this study looks at how green innovation, energy efficiency and foreign direct investment impact on sustainable economic growth in OECD countries. The study's data ranged from 2000 to 2019 and collected from WDI and OECD databases. Cross-Sectional Dependency, Unit Root test, and Pannel Cointegration test were used in this study to address the data problems. We use Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lags (CS-ARDL) estimator for long and short runs and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) test to check the robustness. The results show that green innovation, energy Efficiency and foreign direct investment affect green economic development significantly and positively, both over the long and short runs and help to improve sustainable economic development in OECD countries.
Novel artificial nerve transplantation of human iPSC-derived neurite bundles enhanced nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Nishijima Takayuki , Okuyama Kentaro , Shibata Shinsuke , Kimura Hiroo , Shinozaki Munehisa , Nakayama Junpei , Hayatsu Manabu , Uchiyama Keiko , Shindo Tomoko , Niiyama Eri , Toita Sayaka , Kawada Jiro , Iwamoto Takuji , Nakamura Masaya , Okano Hideyuki , Nagoshi Narihito
Published: November 2023

Background
Severe peripheral nerve damage always requires surgical treatment. Autologous nerve transplantation is a standard treatment, but it is not sufficient due to length limitations and extended surgical time. Even with the available artificial nerves, there is still large room for improvement in their therapeutic effects. Novel treatments for peripheral nerve injury are greatly expected.
Methods
Using a specialized microfluidic device, we generated artificial neurite bundles from human iPSC-derived motor and sensory nerve organoids. We developed a new technology to isolate cell-free neurite bundles from spheroids. Transplantation therapy was carried out for large nerve defects in rat sciatic nerve with novel artificial nerve conduit filled with lineally assembled sets of human neurite bundles. Quantitative comparisons were performed over time to search for the artificial nerve with the therapeutic effect, evaluating the recovery of motor and sensory functions and histological regeneration. In addition, a multidimensional unbiased gene expression profiling was carried out by using next-generation sequencing.
Result
After transplantation, the neurite bundle-derived artificial nerves exerted significant therapeutic effects, both functionally and histologically. Remarkably, therapeutic efficacy was achieved without immunosuppression, even in xenotransplantation. Transplanted neurite bundles fully dissolved after several weeks, with no tumor formation or cell proliferation, confirming their biosafety. Posttransplant gene expression analysis highlighted the immune system’s role in recovery.
Conclusion
The combination of newly developed microfluidic devices and iPSC technology enables the preparation of artificial nerves from organoid-derived neurite bundles in advance for future treatment of peripheral nerve injury patients. A promising, safe, and effective peripheral nerve treatment is now ready for clinical application.
Performance of multi-regional radiomics features and clinical-radiological variables in the prognostic analysis and risk stratification of single hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Leyao , Feng Bing , Liang Meng , Li Dengfeng , Cong Rong , Chen Zhaowei , Wu Jing , Ma Xiaohong , Zhao Xinming
Published: November 2023

Background
To develop multi-regional radiomics models to evaluate the prognosis of single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatectomy and stratify risk by combining radiomics features with clinical-radiological variables.
Methods
This retrospective study enrolled 207 patients with single HCC after surgery (training set:validation set = 144:63). Different volumes of interest (VOIs) were constructed to extract radiomics features, and the model with the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was considered optimal. Prognostic clinical-radiological variables were identified via univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. A combined model incorporating radiomics features and clinical-radiological variables was utilized to predict outcomes and stratify recurrence risk. The Kaplan–Meier method and the log–rank tests were applied to estimate recurrence-free survival (RFS). Calibration curves and decision curve analysis were employed to assess performance of the combined model.
Results
Among the multi-regional radiomics models, the model based on VOItumor + 5mm had the highest AUC of 0.803. Multivariate analysis identified age, cirrhosis, hepatitis, albumin-bilirubin grade, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level, microvascular invasion, and mosaic architecture as risk factors of RFS. The combined model achieved C-indexes of 0.820 and 0.694 in the training and validation sets, respectively. The Kaplan–Meier curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analyses suggested that the combined model might be a non-invasive and reliable approach for assessing clinical outcomes and accomplishing relapse risk stratification.
Conclusion
The VOItumor+5mm-based radiomics model in conjunction with clinical-radiological variables can satisfactorily stratify risk for patients with single HCC ≤ 5 cm.
Mesoporous SBA-15 supported Ru nanoparticles for effective hydrogenation of ethyl levulinate at room temperature
Authors: Yang Jie , Hu Yongshiling , Yang Qi , Guan Yejun
Published: November 2023

Mesoporous materials have found wide application as catalyst supports. In this study, we have shown that Ru nanoparticles supported on SBA-15 are highly active toward hydrogenation of biomass-derived ethyl levulinate (EL) even at room temperature. A series of Ru loaded SBA-15 (xRu-SBA-15, x = 1, 3, and 5 wt% Ru) were prepared by a deposition-precipitation method and further reduced with NaBH4. TEM images suggest that the reduction with NaBH4 led to the formation of Ru particle with size in range of 1–2 nm. These finely distributed Ru nanoparticles on SBA-15 showed high activity for hydrogenation of C = O group of EL at room temperature and low H2 pressure (0.5 MPa), with ethyl hydroxyl pentanonate (EHP) selectivity of 97%. Kinetics study showed that the Ru nanoparticles in proper size (2.1 ± 0.1 nm) gave a low apparent activation energy (Ea) about 20 kJ/mol for C = O hydrogenation. Moreover, 3Ru-SBA-15 displayed a good reusability, on which the EL conversion remained stable (~ 80%) after six recycles. The produced EHP could be further converted to gamma valerolactone (GVL) over HZMS-5 efficiently upon thermal treatment.
Associations Between Sleep Traits and Colorectal Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Meng Xiangyue , Fan Enshuo , Lv Dan , Yang Yongjing , Liu Shixin
Published: November 2023

Background
The association between sleep and colorectal cancer (CRC) has been observed in many previous studies, however, evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is lacking. This study aimed to assess whether five major sleep characteristics are causally related to colorectal cancer risk through using Mendelian randomization(MR).
Methods
In this study, we performed the main MR analysis using inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR Egger, and weighted median. Independent genetic variants associated with five sleep-related traits (chronotype, sleep duration, insomnia, daytime napping, and daytime sleepiness) were selected as instrumental variables from the published Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) to assess the causal between sleep traits with CRC. We also performed sensitivity analyses to reduce bias and ensure the robustness of the results.
Results
MR analyses suggested that chronotype has an adverse effect on CRC risk(IVW, OR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.01–1.44, P = 0.029). While, there is no evidence to support a causal relationship between sleep duration, insomnia, daytime napping, and daytime sleepiness and CRC by the IVW method.
Conclusions
Our MR results indicate that chronotype promotes the occurrence of CRC. People should change their sleeping habits to decrease the risk of CRC.
Brain Network Dynamics Following Induced Acute Stress: A Neural Marker of Psychological Vulnerability to Real-Life Chronic Stress
Authors: Segal Adva , Charquero-Ballester Marina , Vaisvaser Sharon , Cabral Joana , Ben-Zion Ziv , Vidaurre Diego , Stark Eloise , McManners Hugh , Woolrich Mark , Ehlers Anke , Bar-Haim Yair , Hendler Talma , Kringelbach Morten
Published: November 2023

Stress engages multiple neurobiological modifications and a failure to regulate these may lead to chronic psychiatric problems. Despite considerable research, it remains unclear how neural alterations of acute stress reflect the ability to cope with chronic stress. The current longitudinal study examined the whole-brain network dynamics following induced acute stress and its prediction of vulnerability to real-life chronic stress. 60 military pre-deployment soldiers (all male) underwent a lab-induced stress task during which resting fMRI was acquired before stress, after stress, and at recovery (90 minutes later). Subjective stress was repeatedly measured during the experiment. Depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms were also evaluated, as well as a year later during military deployment. A time-varying analysis was applied to characterize the dominant activity of different states as they change over time. Findings reveal that, from acute stress to recovery, the frontoparietal and subcortical states decrease in dominance in favor of the default mode network, sensorimotor, and visual states. Moreover, rebalancing of the frontoparietal state activity is related to successful psychological recovery. Lastly, elevated activity of the frontoparietal state is related to vulnerability to chronic stress as indicated by depressive symptoms. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that recovery from acute stress involves the downregulation of cognitive-emotional functioning states (i.e., the frontoparietal and the subcortical states), and an enhancement of self-awareness and sensory-perception states. Moreover, the high dominance of the frontoparietal state is suggested as a potential neural marker of psychological vulnerability to chronic stress.
Ultrasound Diagnosis of First Trimester Umbilical Cord Entanglement in Monochorionic Monoamniotic Twins - Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Liberty Gad , Reyzer Sarit Mash , Shenhav Simon , Anteby Eyal Y , Cohen Sarah M , Yagel Simcha
Published: November 2023

Background
Diagnosis of umbilical cord entanglement (UCE) by ultrasound (US) in monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) twins in the second and third trimesters is common. However, only a few cases have been reported on the diagnosis of UCE as early as the first trimester. Herein, we report a case of the earliest-ever sonographic diagnosis of UCE and demonstrate the feasibility of its diagnosis by US.
Case presentation:
A 32 y.o. gravida 2 para 1 woman conceived after assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment. In transvaginal US examination at 8.5 gestational weeks, two embryos with regular heartbeats, in the same amniotic sac and with only one yolk sac, were demonstrated. The fetal crown-rump lengths were 20 and 21 mm, appropriate for 8.4 and 8.5 gestational weeks, respectively. HD-flow power Doppler 2D and 3D US demonstrated two tightly entangled umbilical cords of the two fetuses. Spectral Doppler US showed two different heart rates (162 and 167 beats per minute) and blood flow in opposite directions from the point of entanglement of the two umbilical cords. This was consistent with a diagnosis of a first-trimester MCMA pregnancy with UCE. Missed abortion of the two embryos was diagnosed by US examination at 10.5 weeks, and the pregnancy was terminated by dilatation and curettage without further complications.
Conclusions
UCE in the first trimester may occur as early as eight gestational weeks, and its diagnosis by ultrasound is feasible. UCE diagnosed in the first trimester may be a poor prognostic factor.
LATS1/2 Loss Promote Tumor Immune Evasion in Endometrial Cancer through Downregulating MHC-I Expression
Authors: Yang Qianlan , Lv Zehen , Wang Mengfei , Kong Mengwen , Zhong Cheng , Gao Kun , Wan Xiaoping
Published: November 2023

Background
LATS1/2 are frequently mutated and down-regulated in endometrial cancer (EC), but the contributions of LATS1/2 in EC progression remains unclear. Impaired antigen presentation due to mutations or downregulation of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) has been implicated in tumor immune evasion. Herein, we elucidate the oncogenic role that dysregulation of LATS1/2 in EC leads to immune evasion through the down-regulation of MHC-I.
Methods
The mutation and expression as well as the clinical significance of LATS1/2 in EC was assessed in the TCGA cohort and our sample cohort. CRISPR-Cas9 was used to construct knockout cell lines of LATS1/2 in EC. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed by RNA-seq. The interaction between LATS1/2 and STAT1 was verified using co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down. Mass spectrometry, in vitro kinase assays, ChIP-qPCR, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy were performed to investigate the regulation of LATS1/2 on MHC-I through interaction with and phosphorylate STAT1. The killing effect of activated PBMCs on EC cells were used to monitor anti-tumor activity.
Results
Here, we demonstrate that LATS1/2 are frequently mutated and down-regulated in EC. Moreover, LATS1/2 loss was found to be associated with a significant down-regulation of MHC-I, independently of the Hippo-YAP pathway. Instead, LATS1/2 were found to directly interact with and phosphorylate STAT1 at Ser727, a crucial transcription factor for MHC-I upregulation in response to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) signaling, to promote STAT1 accumulating and moving into the nucleus to enhance the transcriptional activation of IRF1/NLRC5 on MHC-I. Additionally, the loss of LATS1/2 was observed to confer increased resistance of EC cells to immune cell-mediated killing and this resistance could be reversed by over-expression of MHC-I.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that dysregulation of LATS1/2 in EC leads to immune evasion through the down-regulation of MHC-I, leading to the suppression of infiltrating activated CD8 + T cells and highlight the importance of LATS1/2 in IFN-γ signaling-mediated tumor immune response, suggesting that LATS1/2 is a promising target for immune checkpoint blockade therapy in EC.
Effect of esketamine on postpartum depression and pain control after caesarean section: A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Li Shurong , Zhuo Zhifang , Li Renwei , Guo Kaikai
Published: November 2023

Background
Postpartum depression (PPD) after cesarean delivery is a common complication. Esketamine's effects on PPD in women undergoing cesarean section remain contradictory, despite ketamine's prophylactic effects. This study evaluated the effect of esketamine as an adjunct to patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) to prevent PPD in women undergoing caesarean section.
Methods
A total of 275 parturients scheduled for caesarean section and subsequent PCIA were recruited from a single centre and randomised to control (sufentanil 2 µg/kg + tropisetron 10 mg) or esketamine (additional esketamine 1.5 mg/kg). The primary outcome was the incidence of PPD, as measured by the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS), following surgery. Secondary outcomes were cumulative sufentanil consumption, numerical rating scale (NRS) scores, stress hormone levels and biomarkers of PPD.
Results
A total of 246 postpartum women with caesarean delivery were included in the final analysis. The incidence of depression among parturients on postoperative day 42 was higher in the control group compared to the esketamine group, with rates of 17.6% and 8.2% respectively (P = 0.02). The EPDS scores were significantly higher in the control group, with a mean score of 9.02 ± 2.21 vs. 6.87 ± 2.14 in the esketamine group (p < 0.0001). Sufentanil consumption was significantly lower in the esketamine group in the 0–24 h (42.5 ± 4.58 µg vs 50.15 ± 5.47 µg, P = 0.04) and 0–48 h (87.40 ± 9.51 µg vs 95.10 ± 9.36 µg, P = 0.04) postoperative periods compared to the control group. Significant differences in movement were observed between the two groups at 24 and 48 hours after cesarean section (3.39 ± 1.57 vs 4.50 ± 0.80, P = 0.02; 2.43 ± 0.87 vs 3.56 ± 0.76, P = 0.02). Furthermore, the plasma level of stress hormone was significantly lower on postoperative day 3 in the esketamine group compared to the control group. The frequency of side effects observed in both groups was comparable.
Conclusions
Esketamine (1.5 mg/kg) used as a supplement in PCIA significantly decreases the occurrence of PPD in 42 days and reduced cumulative sufentanil consumption in a span of 48 hours post-cesarean operation, without raising the rate of adverse effects.
Trial registration:
Registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200067054) on December 26, 2022.
Comparison of outcome between sole operation and operation after tube thoracostomy in late phase empyema
Authors: Tong Shao-Syuan , Ｗang Bing-Yen , Chen Yi-Ling , Cheng Ya-Fu , Cheng Ching-Yuan , Huang Chang-Lun , Hung Wei-Heng
Published: November 2023

Background: The study investigated whether surgical decortication with or without pre-operative tube thoracostomy for phase II and III empyema have equal outcomes.Methods: We included 1,042 patients with phase II or III empyema underwent surgical decortication from January 2012 to December 2021. Patients were classified into two groups: sole operation, operation after tube thoracostomy. Primary outcomes were peri-operative and in-hospital characteristics. Secondary outcomes analyzed 1-year overall survival rate and 1-year event free survival.Results: 620 patients after 1: 1 propensity matching score were conducted. The sole operation group had significant lower hospital mortality and 30-day re-intervention rate and shorter duration between diagnosis to operation, operation time, ICU stay, ventilator duration, and hospital stay. The sole operation group also had higher 1-year overall free survival and 1 event free survival.Conclusions: The first intervention for advanced stage empyema is crucial. Even patients finally received operation, pre-operative tube thoracostomy could lead to poor outcomes. Surgical management directly for phase II and III empyema is simpler and more effective.
Above and below-ground responses to contrasting soil phosphorus distribution by mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) cultivars with diverse phenology
Authors: Singh Vijaya , Collins Marisa , Bell Mike
Published: November 2023

Background and Aim Deep placement of fertiliser has been providing strong productivity responses in rainfed cropping systems on Vertisols soils in north-eastern Australia. However, genotypic differences in root system architecture (RSA) can play an important role in response to various P rates and placement strategies. In this study we tested for genetic variation in RSA and its impact on the ability to exploit deep P bands among four contrasting, early to late maturing mungbean varieties.
Methods Differences in soil P status and distribution were established by varying rates of applied P and the volume of soil P enrichment in shallow (top 5cm) and deeper (20-25cm) profile layers in root observation chambers. Intact RSA was measured in the top 30cm and bottom 30cm sections of the soil profile.
Results Shallower placement of P fertiliser resulted in a wider root growth angle compared with other P treatments, whereas deeper placements resulted in greater mean root diameter and total root volume. Deep banding and deeper P-enriched sub layer treatments tended to advance the flowering and increased the mungbean pod yield for the more responsive early maturing var. Berken, without influencing the total root surface area, P uptake or shoot P concentration. This cultivar showed the lowest shoot P concentrations, least P uptake and greatest internal phosphorus use efficiency.
Conclusion The varietal differences in RSA and root functioning played a major role in response to P placement strategies, where the strongest P response was observed with the deep P band fertiliser treatment for crop performance.
Enhanced Multi-Stage Guided-Attention Mechanism for Traffic Accident-Based Patient Safety Prediction Model
Authors: Baswaraju Swathi , Kamala S. Praveena Rachel , E Naresh , Pareek Piyush Kumar
Published: November 2023

The patient safety prediction model is required for analysis by considering the traffic accident database. In this paper, develop an Enhanced Multi Stage Guided Attention Mechanism (EMSGAM) for a traffic accident-based patient safety prediction model. Patient safety is analyzed by traffic accident data. This data is containing various parameters of age, gender, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, deficiency, depression, and so on. The Min-Max normalisation method is first used to normalise the dataset. Then, with two classes of patients—low-risk and high-risk—the gathered database is used to predict patient safety. The pre-processed data is then forwarded to the feature selection stage, where the necessary features are picked out of the input features. Correlation-based feature selection (CFS) is used to pick the features. The Multi Stage Guided Attention Mechanism (MSGAM) receives the data in order to classify it for patient safety. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), the self-attention mechanism, and the Variational Autoencoder (VAE) model are all combined to create the proposed classifier. In this architecture, the optimal weighting parameter is chosen by using Improved Tasmanian Devil Optimization (ITDO). The optimization process is enhancing the performance of the classifier. Based on this evaluation, patient safety is analyzed by considering traffic accident data. This dataset is considered for analysing low-risk and high-risk patients. Performance is assessed using performance measurements, and the suggested is implemented in MATLAB.
Study on heat transfer performance of cold plate with grid channel
Authors: Zhang Kaihua , Ye Xiaojiang , Hou Zhijian , Ren Yahui , Shi Qiuyi
Published: November 2023

The utilization of cold plate radiators as a prevalent method for indirect liquid cooling has been extensively investigated and implemented in server cooling systems. However, there is a lack of comprehensive study on the application of this technology at the chip size, indicating a need for more development and exploration in this area. A proposal was made for a grid-channel chip cold plate heat sink to facilitate the dissipation of heat from a chip. tests were conducted to investigate the impact of the flow rate of the cold plate and the layout of the inlet and outlet on various thermal parameters, including the average temperature, maximum temperature, thermal resistance, and uniformity coefficient of the cold plate. The tests were specifically conducted under a chip power of 150W, and the accuracy of the simulation was confirmed through the use of FLUENT. The findings indicate that the cold plate effectively regulates the temperature of the chip, ensuring it remains below 85℃ throughout all experimental groups. In contrast to the single in single out (SISO) configuration, the single-in multiple-out (SIMO) layout exhibits a higher degree of temperature uniformity within the cold plate. Nevertheless, it is important to note that augmenting the quantity of exits does not guarantee an improvement in heat transfer efficiency. This outcome is contingent upon the presence of a longitudinal flow channel shared by the outlet and intake, as well as the dispersion characteristics of the outlet. Enhancing the dispersion of the exit can significantly enhance the thermal transfer efficiency of the cold plate.
Short-term practice of deficit irrigation and nutrition influences soil–root interface, and water use efficiency of winter fodder corn in semi-arid region
Authors: Halli Hanamant M. , Govindasamy Prabhu , E Senthamil , G Vinay M , Wasnik Vinod , Ullah Fazal , Yadav Vijay , Kumar B. N. Aravinda , Elansary Hosam O. , S Basavaraj P , M Boraiah K , B Harisha C
Published: November 2023

Water scarcity is a global concern due to climate change induced irregular rainfall, and unsustainable water management practices. This study assessed the interaction of deficit irrigation and nutrient levels on soil-roots interface, water use efficiency (WUE), and seed yield in winter fodder corn. Three-year experiment (2018–2021) in Central India consists three irrigation levels (I1, 25% soil moisture depletion, full irrigation; I2, 50% depletion; I3, 75% depletion, severe deficit) and four nutrient rates (N1, no NPK; N2, N 100, P 40 kg ha–1; N3, N 120, P 60, K 40 kg ha–1; N4, N3 + Zinc sulphate 20 kg ha–1), in a split-plot design with three replications. Moderate deficit irrigation (I2) with higher nutrient rates (N4) favored corn root growth by decreasing soil bulk density (by 2.2%), while increasing soil carbon stock (11.19 Mg ha−1) and available nutrients (N, P, K) in the upper (0–15 cm) soil layer. This combination enhanced root growth, resulted in longer roots (20.65–23.09%), with higher volume (43.44–69.88%), surface area (41.65–43.90%), number of crown roots (31.84–53.36%), and dry weight (34.61–42.81%). Additionally, I2 × N4 improved WUE (36.32%), seed yield (39.09%) and stover yield (21.20%) allowing for 26.08% water conservation, while increasing soil organic carbon (by 11.19%) compared to full and severe deficit irrigation. Moderate deficit irrigation with optimum nutrients offers a viable strategy to augment WUE and seed yield in fodder corn for water-scarce regions. The study underscores the detrimental effects of excessive irrigation on soil and crop roots.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of Hepatitis E prevalence in Southeast Asia: A comprehensive assessment of epidemiological patterns
Authors: Mirzaev Ulugbek Khudayberdievich , Ouoba Serge , Ko Ko , Phyo Zayar , Chhoung Chanroth , Ataa Akuffo Golda , Sugiyama Aya , Akita Tomoyuki , Tanaka Junko
Published: November 2023

The burden of hepatitis E in Southeast Asia is substantial, influenced by its distinct socio-economic and environmental factors, as well as variations in healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to assess the pooled prevalence of hepatitis E across countries within the Southeast Asian region by the UN division. A comprehensive systematic database search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, supplemented by a manual search in Google Scholar. Studies that presented seroprevalence data of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Southeast Asian nations were eligible for inclusion, and a meta-analysis was subsequently conducted. The assessment of bias risk was undertaken using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. The ensuing meta-analysis provides an evaluation of 66 chosen studies from a pool of 1641, encompassing a total cohort of 44,850 individuals from Southeast Asian countries. The pooled prevalence of anti-HEV IgG within Southeast Asian countries was determined to be 21.03%. Stratification of the study population based on the risk of HEV acquisition into two cohorts—high-risk and low-risk groups—yielded a pooled anti-HEV IgG prevalence of 28.9%, with an accompanying IgM prevalence of 4.42% in the former group, while the latter group exhibited figures of 17.86% and 3.15%, respectively. A temporal analysis, segmented into three distinct decades (1987–1999, 2000–2010, 2011–2023), indicated an uprising trend in both IgG and IgM prevalence over the specified time spans. These findings contribute to a better understanding of HEV prevalence across populations and time periods in Southeast Asia, shedding light on important public health implications and suggesting directions for further research and intervention strategies.
Coal-Rock Crack Image Segmentation Based on Attention Mechanism and Multi-Scale Features
Authors: Jia Haixin , Chen Zhaoxuan , Zhang Guoying , Liu Wenzhuo , Zhang Zirui
Published: November 2023

Global contextual information and local information are crucial for the segmentation of coal rock fractures. For global information, most existing schemes directly input the feature maps output by CNN into Transformer for extraction. Due to the limitation of feature map size, Transformer is unable to further extract multi-scale information of cracks, making it unsuitable for cracks of different sizes; Moreover, the feature map contains data with low correlation with cracks, and directly inputting it into Transformer will affect the extraction of global information about cracks.Unet based networks are one of the mainstream solutions for extracting local detail information in images, but the low-level features of their skip connections contain redundant information, which directly leads to false positive segmentation results.Based on the above issues, this article designs the Channel Attention Atrus Spatial Pyramid Pooling module (TD-ASPP) and the Cross Attention Non-Local Block (CANB), and integrates them into Transunet to propose a coal rock fracture image segmentation based on attention mechanism and multi-scale features (MS-Unet).Firstly, the TD-ASPP module is used to capture multi-scale features of cracks, while strengthening channels with strong correlation with cracks and diluting channels with weak correlation, in order to further improve the accuracy of the transformer in calculating global information of cracks. Secondly, the CANB module can utilize advanced features to supervise and strengthen low-level features, further enhancing local details of cracks and suppressing false positives.
Sequence-Specific Recognition of Double-Stranded Nucleic Acids by λ Exonuclease-Phosphorylated DNA Mediated Target Interrogation
Authors: Su Xin , Fu Shengnan , Li Junjie , Chen Jing , Zhang Linghao , Liu Jiajia
Published: November 2023

The CRISPR-Cas system, guided by an RNA molecule, cleaves double-stranded DNA targets in proximity to a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), enabling the applications in genetic editing/interference and molecular diagnostics1–3. However, the reliance on PAM-dependent recognition and cleavage has limited the range of targetable sequences and led to undesired off-target effects, resulting in false activations4–7. Here, we conducted single-molecule FRET (smFRET) analysis and discovered a remarkable enzyme activity of λ Exonuclease (λ Exo)8. This activity involves the binding of 5’-phosphorylated single-stranded DNA (pDNA) to double-stranded (ds-) DNA and DNA-RNA duplexes, without the need for a specific PAM-like motif. Upon binding to its complementary region on nucleic acid targets, the λ Exo-pDNA system catalytically digests the pDNA into nucleotides in the presence of Mg2+. Importantly, this process is sensitive to mismatches, resulting in exceptional sequence specificity and greatly reduced off-target effects. Leveraging this unique property, we successfully demonstrated various applications, such as molecular diagnostics, synthetic DNA circuits, and in situ genomic imaging. Direct recognition of ds- nucleic acid was achieved by simple fluorescence reporting. DNA circuits9,10 with ds- nucleic acid inputs were established to execute the logical operation and signal amplification. The λ Exo-pDNA system enabled in situ imaging of genomic loci in fixed cells, directly observing both high-copy loci (e.g., telomeres) and low-copy loci (e.g., MUC-4). The non-trivial activity of λ Exo has unlocked PAM-independent target recognition and improved sequence specificity and accuracy. This discovery holds immense promise for advancing gene regulation and molecular diagnostics in the future.
Where you begin is not necessarily where you end: the mental and physical health trajectories of cancer caregivers over time
Authors: Wilson-Genderson Maureen , Thomson Maria D , Siminoff Laura A
Published: November 2023

Purpose
Cancer caregiving, a critical component in the cancer-care model, has deleterious effects on the caregiver’s physical and mental health. The degree to which these negative effects are uniformly experienced by caregivers is unclear. The impact of the secondary caregiver’s absence on the primary caregivers’ well-being is understudied.
Methods
Terminal cancer patient-caregiver dyads (n = 223) were recruited from oncology clinics and followed for six months or until patient death. Longitudinal latent growth models were used to characterize the heterogeneity of caregiver physical health and depressive symptoms; characteristics associated with these trajectories are examined.
Results
Caregivers were majority female (74%), white (55%) and patient spouses (60%). Two physical health (moderate, stable; initially good, declining) and two depressive symptom (moderate, stable; high, increasing) trajectories were identified. Declining physical health was more likely among caregivers who were healthiest at baseline, had higher levels of education, lower subjective burden, fewer depressive symptoms, cared for patients with fewer functional limitations and reported fewer caregiving tasks rendered by a secondary caregiver. Those with increasing depressive symptoms were more likely to be white, patient’s wife, have higher subjective caregiver burden, lower physical health, and care for a patient with greater functional limitations.
Conclusions
Decreasing physical health was evident among caregivers who were initially healthier and reported less assistance from secondary caregivers. Increasing depression was seen in white, female spouses with higher subjective burden. Sample heterogeneity revealed hidden groups unexpectedly at risk in the primary cancer caregiver role to which the oncology care team should be alert.
Enhanced Oxidative Stress Resistance in Ustilago maydis and Its Implications on the Virulence
Authors: Cuamatzi-Flores Jorge , Colón-González Maritrini , Requena-Romo Fernanda , Quiñones-Galeana Samuel , Cervantes-Chávez José Antonio , Morales Lucía
Published: November 2023

The phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis causes corn smut by suppressing host plant defenses, including the oxidative burst response. While many studies have investigated how U. maydis responds to oxidative stress during infection, the consequences of heightened resistance to oxidative stress on virulence remain understudied. This study aimed to identify the effects on virulence in U. maydis strains exhibiting enhanced resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
To achieve this, we exposed U. maydis SG200 to 20 escalating H2O2 shocks, resulting in an adapted strain resistant to concentrations as high as 60 mM of H2O2, a lethal dose for the initial strain. Genetic analysis of the adapted strain revealed five nucleotide substitutions, two minor copy number variants, and a large amplification event on chromosome nine (1-149 kb) encompassing the sole catalase gene. Overexpressing catalase increased resistance to H2O2; however, this resistance was lower than that observed in the adapted strain. Additionally, virulence was reduced in both strains with enhanced H2O2-resistance.
In summary, enhanced H2O2 resistance, achieved through either continuous exposure to the oxidative agent or through catalase overexpression, decreased virulence. This suggests that the response to the oxidative stress burst in U. maydis is optimal and that increasing the resistance to H2O2 does not translate into increased virulence. These findings illuminate the intricate relationship between oxidative stress resistance and virulence in U. maydis, offering insights into its infection mechanisms.
Unravelling the complexity of silk sericins: P150/sericin 6 is a new silk gene in Bombyx mori
Authors: Wu Bulah Chia-hsiang , Zabelina Valeriya , Zurovcova Martina , Zurovec Michal
Published: November 2023

Sericins are a small family of highly divergent proteins that serve as adhesives and coatings for silk fibers and are produced in the middle part of the silk gland. So far, five genes encoding sericin proteins have been found in Bombyx mori. Sericins 1 and 3 are responsible for silk adhesion in the cocoon, while sericins 2, 4, and 5 are present in non-cocoon spun silk of younger larvae (including the early last instar). We found a new gene, which we named P150/sericin 6, which appears to be an ortholog of the sericin-like protein previously found in Galleria mellonella. The B. mori sequence of the P150/sericin 6 ORF was previously incorrectly predicted and assigned to two smaller, uncharacterized genes. We present a new P150/sericin 6 gene model and show that it encodes a large protein of 467 kDa. It is characterized by repeats with a high proportion of threonine residues and a short conserved region with a cysteine knot motif (CXCXCX) at the C-terminus. Expression analyzes have shown that B. mori P150/ser6 has low transcriptional level in contrast to its G. mellonella homolog. We also discuss the synteny of homologous genes on corresponding chromosomes between moth species and possible phylogenetic relationships between P150/ser6 and cysteine knot mucins. Our results improve our understanding of the evolutionary relationships between adhesion proteins in different lepidopteran species.
Transcription levels of hes and its participation in Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli biofilm formation isolated from cattle and foods of animal origin
Authors: Vélez María Victoria , Colello Rocío , Farias María Victoria Nieto , Paz Laura Stefania , Etcheverría Analía Ines , Vidal Roberto , Padola Nora Lía
Published: November 2023

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are recognized as responsible for many cases of foodborne diseases worldwide. Cattle are the main reservoir of STEC, shedding the microorganisms in their feces. The serogroup STEC O91 has been associated with hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Molecular data on which STEC O91 causes human disease still needs to be included. LAA and its hes gene are related to the pathogenicity of STEC and the ability to form biofilms. Considering the frequent isolation of STEC O91, the biofilm-forming ability, and the possible role of hes in the pathogenicity of STEC, we propose to analyze the ability of STEC to form biofilms and to evaluate the expression of hes before and after of biofilm formation. All strains were classified as strong biofilm-forming. The hes expression showed variability between strains before and after biofilm formation, and this may be due to other genes carried by each strain. This study is the first to report the relationship between biofilm formation, and hes expression and proposes that the analysis and diagnosis of LAA, especially hes as STEC O91 virulence factors, could elucidate these unknown mechanisms There is no treatment for HUS, so it is necessary to know the survival and virulence mechanisms of STEC O91.
Application of spectral CT in D3 lymphadenectomy under a laparoscope for treating right-sided colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Ranhao , Shi Mengwei , Qiao Wenjuan , Mu Dongdong , Gao Yanrong , Zheng Liansheng
Published: November 2023

Objective: The positive aspects of using spectral CT in D3 lymphadenectomy under a laparoscope for the treatment of right-sided colorectal cancer (CRC) are discussed.
Methods: We enrolled right-sided CRC patients (n=40) and preoperative examinations by spectral CT revealed no distant metastasis. The pattern and orientation of the colon, tumor location, the positional correlation of lymph nodes and vessels, and the anatomy and alterations of key blood vessels were probed. Further, the relative spatial positions of different vessels were investigated using the 3D reconstruction technology of spectral CT. Finally, the results were compared with those observed during surgery.
Results: Examination using spectral CT, 3D reconstruction, and data analysis were performed for all 40 cases with successful completion of all the surgeries. Overall, the pattern and orientation of the colon, tumor location, the relation of lymph nodes and blood vessels, and the anatomy and variation of key blood vessels observed during surgery were identical to the 3D reconstructed images obtained by spectral CT before the surgery. This suggests that the accuracy of 3D reconstruction reached 100%.
Conclusion: The application of the 3D reconstruction technology of spectral CT before D3 lymphadenectomy under a laparoscope can help to visualize and determine the correlation between the location of a lesion and the anatomical location, hence assisting the surgery.