bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factores comerciales que determinan la oferta exportable de Chenopodium quinoa desde Perú
Authors: Linares Vizcarra Mitzi Lourdes Del Carmen , Rivera Carazas Adolfo Alexander
Published: January 2021

Mediante el presente trabajo de investigación, reflejamos los Factores comerciales que determinan el suministro exportable de Chenopodium quinoa, la que en adelante denominaremos por su nombre comercial “Quinoa” o “Quinua” desde Perú.
 
El problema radica, en la existencia del nivel de competencia entre las economías productoras actuales y la eventual transformación de los importadores actuales en futuros proveedores internacionales, los que se hacen cada vez más competitivos por las razones que desarrollaremos en el transcurso de esta investigación.
 
Dicho esto, debemos tener cuidado de la forma en que presentaremos el producto, que determina el suministro exportable de quinua.
 
Los Objetivos: Identificar los factores comerciales y demostrar su aplicación en la formación de un suministro exportable de quinua, y la forma de cómo interviene la calidad del producto final en la exportación de la quinua en el Perú.
 
Metodología: Se efectuará a través de un proceso de análisis de datos, los que previamente serán recolectados, por lo que se utilizará un enfoque deductivo.
 
Resultados:   El análisis estadístico realizado para este estudio se desarrolló primero en MS Excel para realizar la segmentación de mercados y obtener el grado de priorización, y luego en SPSS, se realizó el análisis de conglomerados bietápico. Una vez que se construyó la base de datos, los datos se analizaron para preparar tablas y gráficos estadísticos que ayudaron a interpretar los resultados obtenidos.
 
Conclusiones de la Investigación: Los Ministerios de Comercio Exterior y Agricultura, deben considerar las variables comerciales para el desarrollo de una mejor gestión agroexportadora de la quinua, de forma sostenible y rentable.
Marketing Social y Responsabilidad Social. Una confrontación teórica
Authors: Vargas Merino Jorge Alberto , Abad Acosta Giordana Ysabel
Published: January 2021

El Marketing social y responsabilidad social son términos actualmente relevantes y relacionados con el abordaje de una realidad social álgida y compleja. En el mundo académico y científico contemporáneo se les suele considerar como conceptos similares a pesar de la diferencia conceptual y estructural entre ambos. Por ello se planteó como objetivo determinar la diferencia conceptual entre ambas variables. El presente artículo académico aborda una revisión sistemática de literatura científica donde se consultaron 124 artículos de diferentes disciplinas en diversas bases de datos; de ellos 57 fueron considerados relevantes a partir de su inclusión en revistas indexadas o arbitradas, además de reflejar información relevante y concisa generada en los últimos 5 años sin embargo también se consideró artículos fuera del rango de 5 años para evaluar y analizar la evaluación de los conceptos sobre marketing social. El análisis de estas fuentes permitió realizar una aproximación a la evolución teórica de este aspecto para concluir que aunque el marketing social y responsabilidad social son conceptos relacionados no deben ser confundidos. Especialmente, porque el primero es considerado una táctica que tiene lugar en un determinado lapso de tiempo, se enfoca hacia un público objetivo para influir en un comportamiento o idea deseada, mientras el segundo, es considerado una estrategia asumida por una empresa en todos sus aspectos dirigida a los stakeholders en un plazo más largo.
Palabras clave: Marketing social, Responsabilidad social, teoría, stakeholders, público objetivo.
Oralidade e Poesia Oral: paradigmas para a definição de uma oratura grega antiga
Authors: De Brose Robert
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo discutirei as principais contribuições à uma poética da oralidade que levam em conta a produção, disseminação, e recepção da poesia oral sem vê-la como um subtipo da literatura escrita. Irei argumentar que, como demonstram vários estudos, alguns dos quais aqui discutidos, a poesia oral não se define nem como oposta nem como subordinada à poesia escrita, mas, sobretudo, por um sistema cognitivo e conceitual distinto, capaz de gerar textos que, mesmo escritos, preservam características típicas de obras vocais. Através de paradigmas oriundos de outras culturas, tanto antigas quanto modernas, e de estudos de cunho etnológico e linguístico, irei argumentar da vantagem de se reconhecer na literatura grega antiga uma oratura, isto é, um corpus literário marcado por uma oralidade conceitual primária ou secundária.
MATHEMATICAL TRAUMA STUDENTS’ JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL BASED ON GRADE AND GENDER
Authors: Faradillah Ayu , Febriani Leha
Published: January 2021

Mathematical trauma is a mental condition of students caused by experiences that make it difficult or emotionally with mathematics. This study analyzes students’ trauma of mathematics based on grade and gender by using survey research methods and data processing using Winsteps. The subjects of the research were 204 students in every grade in Junior High School. The questionnaire consisted of 20 statements. This instrument was developed measuring mathematical trauma. It consisted of three indicators: difficult to adapt to the environment, saturated with the learning system that is done, and difficult to get along and organize themselves. Based on the Rasch analysis, for the item, two items (I10 and I7) are a misfit, and the rest items are fit. The items were suitable for 147 respondents (72.06%). Based on The Wright Maps table on WinSteps, the percentage of male students who are very traumatized by mathematics is more than female students. Meanwhile, based on grade, students from grade 8 are more very traumatized by mathematics than students from grade 7 and grade 9. Furthermore, based on a questionnaire, students prefer to class condition that made very traumatized by mathematics.
Case of Resistance to Thyroid hormones (RTH) with relatively rare mutation in Thyroid Hormones Receptor (THR)
Authors: Ahmed Hind , Khamis Khalid , Ahmed Mohanad
Published: January 2021

This is an article that share clinical manifestation and diagnosis of
patient with THR mutation, who found to have very rare mutation in
THR-beta.
Other Vesiculobullous Diseases
Authors: Czernik Annette , Varma Aakaash , Levitt Jacob
Published: January 2021

Less common immunobullous diseases include cicatricial pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, and linear IgA bullous dermatosis. Diagnosis of these entities are made through direct immunofluorescence, sometimes requires salt-split skin, as well as, in the case of cicatricial pemphigoid, mucosal scarring. As in pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid, common therapies include rituximab, prednisone, and IVIg. Dapsone can be particularly effective in linear IgA bullous dermatosis and bullous lupus. Dermatitis herpetiformis is a rare cutaneous manifestation of gluten sensitivity, characterized by pruritic vesicles on extensor surfaces, that responds to dapsone and gluten avoidance. This diagnosis is confirmed with biopsy and positive serology for anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA. Blistering hypersensitivity reactions include TEN, SJS, erythema multiforme, and fixed drug eruption. All are characterized by varying degrees of keratinocyte necrosis. Common to the management of all include cessation of the offending agent. TEN can be managed by cyclosporine, TNF-inhibition, or—more controversially—IVIg. SJS can be effectively managed with systemic steroids. EM responds variably to a number of agents, including antiviral nucleoside analogues, prednisone, thalidomide, apremilast, and tofacitinib. Infectious causes of blisters include Staphylococcus aureus, HSV, and varicella zoster virus. Epidermolysis bullosa comprises a variety of genetically defective structural proteins of the skin. Recessive variants and those affecting deeper proteins carry more severe phenotypes. Management is best achieved at specialty centers and involves careful wound care as well as prevention of friction. Gene therapy is on the horizon for these disorders. Other blistering entities, mechanical or inflammatory in nature, are also discussed at the end of this chapter.
This review contains 13 figures, 1 table, and 86 references.
Keywords: Blisters, bullae, bullous, pemphigoid, necrolysis
Valvular Heart Disease - Part II
Authors: Jacob Miriam S. , Griffin Brian P
Published: January 2021

Valvular heart disease is an important cause of cardiac morbidity in developed countries despite a decline in the prevalence of rheumatic disease in those countries. This chapter discusses the many etiologies of valvular heart disease and presents methods for assessment and management. Specific valvular lesions discussed include mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse, aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, and tricuspid and pulmonary disease. The section on tricuspid disease includes a discussion of mechanical prostheses (ball-in-cage and tilting-disk) and biologic prostheses (xenografts, allografts, and autografts) and their complications. 
This review contains 5 figures, 9 tables, and 53 references.
Keywords: Valvular heart disease, stenosis, regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse (MVP), aortic stenosis, congenital bicuspid valve, senile valvular calcification, aortic regurgitation, chordae or papillary muscles
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infections
Authors: Atkinson T. Prescott , M. Geisler William , Waites Ken B.
Published: January 2021

The class Mollicutes includes organisms in the genera Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma. They are prokaryotes that lack a cell wall, and are among the smallest known living organisms in both cellular dimensions and genome sizes. At least 17 different species inhabit the mucosae of the respiratory and urogenital tracts of humans, several of which are pathogenic in a variety of clinical illnesses. Their fastidious nature and often slow growth in vitro have hampered understanding of their roles as agents of human disease. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an important cause of community acquired respiratory infections that occur endemically and epidemically worldwide in persons of all ages and ranges in severity from mild to life-threatening. Molecular-based laboratory techniques have resulted in increased understanding of the pathogenesis and epidemiology M. pneumoniae infections as well as improved means for laboratory detection. Resistance of M. pneumoniae to macrolide antimicrobials has emerged worldwide over the past several years, complicating treatment strategies.
This review contains 2 figures, 1 table and 58 references
Key Words: Antimicrobial Resistance, Ciliated respiratory epithelium, Community Acquired Pneumonia, Cytadherence, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Reinfections
Other Vesiculobullous Diseases
Authors: Varma Aakaash , Czernik Annette , Levitt Jacob
Published: January 2021

Less common immunobullous diseases include cicatricial pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, and linear IgA bullous dermatosis. Diagnosis of these entities are made through direct immunofluorescence, sometimes requires salt-split skin, as well as, in the case of cicatricial pemphigoid, mucosal scarring. As in pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid, common therapies include rituximab, prednisone, and IVIg. Dapsone can be particularly effective in linear IgA bullous dermatosis and bullous lupus. Dermatitis herpetiformis is a rare cutaneous manifestation of gluten sensitivity, characterized by pruritic vesicles on extensor surfaces, that responds to dapsone and gluten avoidance. This diagnosis is confirmed with biopsy and positive serology for anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA. Blistering hypersensitivity reactions include TEN, SJS, erythema multiforme, and fixed drug eruption. All are characterized by varying degrees of keratinocyte necrosis. Common to the management of all include cessation of the offending agent. TEN can be managed by cyclosporine, TNF-inhibition, or—more controversially—IVIg. SJS can be effectively managed with systemic steroids. EM responds variably to a number of agents, including antiviral nucleoside analogues, prednisone, thalidomide, apremilast, and tofacitinib. Infectious causes of blisters include Staphylococcus aureus, HSV, and varicella zoster virus. Epidermolysis bullosa comprises a variety of genetically defective structural proteins of the skin. Recessive variants and those affecting deeper proteins carry more severe phenotypes. Management is best achieved at specialty centers and involves careful wound care as well as prevention of friction. Gene therapy is on the horizon for these disorders. Other blistering entities, mechanical or inflammatory in nature, are also discussed at the end of this chapter.
This review contains 13 figures, 1 table, and 86 references.
Keywords: Blisters, bullae, bullous, pemphigoid, necrolysis
Diseases Due to Chlamydiaceae
Authors: Stamm Walter E
Published: January 2021

The Chlamydiaceae are obligate intracellular bacteria that produce a wide variety of infections in many mammalian and avian species. Three species belonging to two genera of Chlamydiaceae infect humans: Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila psittaci, and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. C. trachomatis is exclusively a human pathogen and is transmitted from person to person via sexual contact, perinatal transmission, or close contact in households. C. psittaci, in contrast, is more widely distributed in nature, producing genital, conjunctival, intestinal, or respiratory infections in many avian and mammalian species. C. pneumoniae is a fastidious organism that produces upper respiratory tract infection and pneumonitis in both children and adults. This chapter details the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of chlamydial diseases. Sexually transmitted diseases, perinatal infections, adult inclusion conjunctivitis, trachoma, and psittacosis are covered. The chapter also includes tables outlining comparative features of the three species and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases caused by C. trachomatis, as well as a figure illustrating the life cycle of Chlamydiaceae. 
This review contains 1 highly rendered figure, 2 tables, and 87 references.
Women's Neurology
Authors: O’Neal M. Angela
Published: January 2021

This chapter reviews some of the features important to consider in women with neurologic disease, including medication and disease effects on both reproductive health and pregnancy/fetal development, as well as hormonal effects on neurologic disease. A case-based approach is used to discuss diseases that affect women throughout their life cycle (multiple sclerosis [MS] and epilepsy), disorders that affect only women (eclampsia), and those that affect women preferentially (migraine, cerebral venous thrombosis, reversible cerebral vasospasm, and Alzheimer disease). The epidemiology, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology, management, and prognosis are reviewed for each disorder. Tables include US Food and Drug Administration pharmaceutical pregnancy categories, learning objectives, migraine with aura, alternative diagnostic criteria for migraine without aura, migraine aura versus transient ischemic attacks, red flags to secondary headache, abortive headache therapy in pregnancy, migraine preventive medications and pregnancy, MS therapies in pregnancy, pregnancy consulting points for MS patients on a disease-modifying therapy, and general recommendations for women with epilepsy and pregnancy. Figures show fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and gradient echo magnetic resonance images of the right anterior parietal region; a magnetic resonance venogram demonstrating occlusion in the superior sagittal sinus; posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; and computed tomographic (CT) images of a hemorrhage in the left parietal region, left frontal subarachnoid bleeding, and left middle cerebral beading.
This chapter contains 5 highly rendered figures, 11 tables, 29 references, and 5 MCQs.
Surgical Coverage of Diabetic Feet
Authors: Bekeny Jenna C. , Kotha Vikas S. , Zolper Elizabeth G. , Kennedy Christopher J. , Day Jonathan , Fan Kenneth L. , Attinger Christopher E. , Evans Karen K.
Published: January 2021

Historically, patients with chronic diabetic foot ulcers were managed with major lower extremity amputations such as below-knee amputations and above-knee amputations. With the advancement of microsurgical techniques, patients have been able to achieve limb salvage and reap the associated morbidity and mortality benefits. In order to ensure successful limb salvage, a patient’s biomechanic, diabetic, vascular, and infectious profiles need to be optimized. Serial debridement supplemented with antibiotics until negative deep tissue cultures is the gold standard for infection eradication. A surgeon needs to have a good understanding of patient and wound-specific anatomic considerations. Simpler techniques, such as primary closure, skin grafting, and Integra placement, may be used.  In complex wounds, more involved reconstructive modalities, such as local flap or free tissue transfer, may be required. Coverage selection depends on an intimate understanding of the patient’s comorbidities, wound characteristics, and vascular status.
This review contains 7 figures, 2 tables, and 32 references.
Keywords: diabetic foot ulcer, chronic wound, nonhealing vasculopathic wound, local flap, free flap, free tissue transfer, abductor digiti minimi flap, abductor hallicus flap, flexor digitorum brevis flap
Acute Testicular Torsion Management
Authors: Berrondo Claudia , Mevorach Robert A. , Cubillos Jimena
Published: January 2021

Testicular torsion is a common cause of acute scrotal pain and requires timely diagnosis and treatment to prevent testicular loss. Several factors must be taken into consideration when determining the appropriate treatment algorithm for patients. The definitive treatment is surgical exploration with orchiectomy or orchiopexy of the affected testicle and contralateral orchiopexy. The use of manual detorsion depends on the ability to proceed with immediate surgical exploration and should not delay definitive treatment. Recent developments in the understanding of ischemia-reperfusion injury in testicular torsion have led to the potential for nonsurgical adjuvants in the treatment of testicular torsion, although none are currently being used in practice. The treatment of neonatal torsion remains controversial and practice patterns vary greatly. Medicolegal concerns also play a role in the treatment decisions in both neonatal and nonneonatal testicular torsion. 
This review contains 6 figures, 5 tables, and 54 references.
Key Words: compartment syndrome, detorsion, infertility, ischemia-reperfusion injury, orchiopexy, surgical exploration, testicular prosthesis, testicular torsion
Screening Prostate-Specific Antigen and Early Detection
Authors: Cooperberg Matthew R
Published: January 2021

Prostate cancer early detection based on screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been a highly controversial topic over the years. Early detection and treatment of high-risk prostate cancer explains a large proportion of greater than 50% reduction in age-standardized prostate cancer mortality observed since the early 1990s. However, this public health success has come at the cost of high levels of overdiagnosis of low-risk tumors, and many men have suffered from overtreatment of these entirely indolent lesions. Data from randomized trials increasingly clearly indicate a prostate cancer mortality advantage with screening. Other cohort studies, moreover, suggest that an early, baseline PSA test around age 45 or 50 years can predict cancer risk over years and decades, potentially allowing subsequent screening intervals to be personalized, further reducing both over- and underdiagnosis. Other aspects of a smarter screening paradigm include focused attention on men at higher risk based on ancestry, family history, and other factors; consideration of other variables together with PSA; selective use of secondary testing with emerging blood and urine tests; and reservation of treatment only for men at risk of prostate cancer mortality. Such an approach should be able to reduce further prostate cancer morbidity and mortality, while minimizing the harms of over-diagnosis and overtreatment.
 
 This review contains 4 figures, 1 table, and 88 references.
Key Words: Prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen, early detection, cancer screening, guidelines, risk stratification, epidemiology, PLCO, ERSPC, USPSTF, CISNET
Exocrine Pancreatic Enzymes Are a Serological Biomarker for Type 1 Diabetes Staging and Pancreas Size
Authors: Ross James J. , Wasserfall Clive H. , Bacher Rhonda , Perry Daniel J. , McGrail Kieran , Posgai Amanda L. , Dong Xiaoru , Muir Andrew , Li Xia , Campbell-Thompson Martha , Brusko Todd M. , Schatz Desmond A. , Haller Michael J. , Atkinson Mark A.
Published: January 2021

Exocrine pancreas abnormalities are increasingly recognized as features of type 1 diabetes. We previously reported reduced serum trypsinogen levels and in a separate study, smaller pancreata at and before disease onset. We hypothesized that three pancreas enzymes (amylase, lipase, and trypsinogen) might serve as serological biomarkers of pancreas volume and risk for type 1 diabetes. Amylase, lipase, and trypsinogen were measured from two independent cohorts, together comprising 800 serum samples from single-autoantibody–positive (1AAb+) and multiple-AAb+ (≥2AAb+) subjects, individuals with recent-onset or established type 1 diabetes, their AAb-negative (AAb−) first-degree relatives, and AAb− control subjects. Lipase and trypsinogen were significantly reduced in ≥2AAb+, recent-onset, and established type 1 diabetes subjects versus control subjects and 1AAb+, while amylase was reduced only in established type 1 diabetes. Logistic regression models demonstrated trypsinogen plus lipase (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] = 81.4%) performed equivalently to all three enzymes (AUROC = 81.4%) in categorizing ≥2AAb+ versus 1AAb+ subjects. For cohort 2 (n = 246), linear regression demonstrated lipase and trypsinogen levels could individually and collectively serve as indicators of BMI-normalized relative pancreas volume (RPVBMI, P < 0.001), previously measured by MRI. Serum lipase and trypsinogen levels together provide the most sensitive serological biomarker of RPVBMI and may improve disease staging in pretype 1 diabetes.
Temporal Trends in Incident Hospitalization for Diabetes-Related Foot Ulcer in Type 2 Diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study
Authors: Hamilton Emma J. , Davis Wendy A. , Siru Ranita , Baba Mendel , Norman Paul E. , Davis Timothy M.E.
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether, reflecting trends in other chronic complications, incident hospitalization for diabetes-related foot ulcer (DFU) has declined over recent decades in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Participants with type 2 diabetes from the community-based Fremantle Diabetes Study phases I (FDS1; 1,296 participants, mean age 64.0 years, 48.6% males, recruited 1993–1996) and II (FDS2; 1,509 participants, mean age 65.4 years, 51.8% males, recruited 2008–2011) were followed from entry to first hospitalization for/with DFU, death, or 5 years (whichever came first). Incident rate ratios (IRRs) and incident rate differences (IRDs) were calculated for FDS2 versus FDS1 overall and in 10-year age-groups. Cox proportional hazards modeling determined independent predictors of first DFU hospitalization in the combined cohort.

RESULTS

Incident DFU hospitalization (95% CI) was 1.9 (0.9–3.3)/1,000 person-years in FDS1 during 5,879 person-years of follow-up and 4.5 (3.0–6.4)/1,000 person-years in FDS2 during 6,915 person-years of follow-up. The crude IRR (95% CI) was 2.40 (1.17–5.28) (P = 0.013) and IRD 2.6 (0.7–4.5)/1,000 person-years (P = 0.010). The highest IR for any age-group was 23.6/1,000 person-years in FDS2 participants aged 31–40 years. Age at diabetes diagnosis (inverse), HbA1c, insulin use, height, ln(urinary albumin/creatinine), absence of any foot pulse, previous peripheral revascularization, and peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN) were independent predictors of incident hospitalization for/with DFU.

CONCLUSIONS

Incident DFU hospitalizations complicating type 2 diabetes increased between FDS phases, especially in younger participants, and were more likely in those with PSN, peripheral arterial disease, and suboptimal glycemic control at baseline.
The Association between Pre- and Post-Migration Wellbeing Factors with Integration among Russian, Somali, and Kurdish Origin Women in Finland
Authors: Elfadl Wiam , Lilja Eero , Skogberg Natalia , Selling Katarina , Castaneda Anu
Published: January 2021

Pre- and post-migration related factors are likely to influence integration outcomes of migrants. This study aimed to investigate which pre-migration factors (basic education and potentially traumatic experiences) and post-migration wellbeing factors (quality of life and loneliness) are associated with integration outcomes (employment status, language skills, voting, media use, having host country’s native friends, participation inleisure activities) of migrant background men and women. The Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study (Maamu) was used, including working-aged adults of Russian, Somali, and Kurdish origin. Each integration outcome was analysed by each predictive factor with logistic regression, separately for the three groups and separately for men and women. The integration outcomes were somewhat differently associated with pre- and post-migration factors in the different groups. All these aspects are important to be taken into account in integration discourse to promote both integration and social wellbeing.
Poverty in the Arctic Regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): Analysis of Prospects for Reduction in the Level by 2030
Authors:   Arctic Research Center  of the Academy of Sciences  of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Popova Olga Vasilyevna
Published: January 2021

The author of the paper analyzes the prospects for the poverty level reduction in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and its Arctic regions in terms of achieving the national development goals of the Russian Fed-eration by 2030. On the basis of official statistics and data from open sources, the factors and the downside risks to the socio-economic situation of the people of the region are assessed. The paper considers measures poverty reduction, provided for in the “Strategy for the socio-economic develop-ment of the Arctic zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for the period until 2035”. The conclusion is made about the limited effectiveness of such methods of improvement in this area as a social contract, stimulation of self-employment and em-ployment in traditional economic sectors and a low feasibility of a twofold decrease in the poverty level in the Arctic zone of the Republic by 2030. The pos-sibility of achieving this goal exists only if there are system changes in the socio-economic sphere and the comprehensive effort at all levels of government. The importance of an equal distribution of income for the accelerated reduction of the number of citi-zens, who are unable to meet the social and general-ly accepted standards in society owing to a lack of money, is noted.
Risk Management: Classification and Management Methods
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University of Economics, Vasilyeva Yana Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2021

The paper contains research of existing risk classifi-cations. The new classification based on this re-search is developed. This classification lets to de-velop effective risk management system in an organ-ization. Suggested classification assumes the selec-tion of three risk types (global, context, system) which demand different management approaches. The manageability of global risks is low, it implies a situational approach to management and an influ-ence of the subjective characteristics of the deci-sion-maker. Context risks require more management resources; therefore, various methods of identifica-tion, assessment and processing are proposed for this kind of risk. However, the uncertainty that gen-erates context risks is high, in contrast to system risks. System risks primarily affect the quality of an organization's products, and therefore must be fully manageable. Most statistical quality control meth-ods are suitable for system risk management. Threats and opportunities at the process level must have a quick reaction from management.
Assessing the Impact of Expert Labelling of Training Data on the Quality of Automatic Classification of Lithological Groups Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Kuchin Yan , Mukhamediev Ravil , Yakunin Kirill , Grundspenkis Janis , Symagulov Adilkhan
Published: January 2021

Machine learning (ML) methods are nowadays widely used to automate geophysical study. Some of ML algorithms are used to solve lithological classification problems during uranium mining process. One of the key aspects of using classical ML methods is causing data features and estimating their influence on the classification. This paper presents a quantitative assessment of the impact of expert opinions on the classification process. In other words, we have prepared the data, identified the experts and performed a series of experiments with and without taking into account the fact that the expert identifier is supplied to the input of the automatic classifier during training and testing. Feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) has been used as a classifier. The results of the experiments show that the “knowledge” of the ANN of which expert interpreted the data improves the quality of the automatic classification in terms of accuracy (by 5 %) and recall (by 20 %). However, due to the fact that the input parameters of the model may depend on each other, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method has been used to further assess the impact of expert identifier. SHAP has allowed assessing the degree of parameter influence. It has revealed that the expert ID is at least two times more influential than any of the other input parameters of the neural network. This circumstance imposes significant restrictions on the application of ANNs to solve the task of lithological classification at the uranium deposits.
Estimating the Efforts of Mobile Application Development in the Planning Phase Using Nonlinear Regression Analysis
Authors: Prykhodko Sergiy , Prykhodko Natalia , Knyrik Kateryna
Published: January 2021

The authors consider the construction of a nonlinear multiple regression model, its confidence and prediction intervals to evaluate the efforts of mobile application development in the planning phase based on the multivariate normalizing transformation and outlier detection. The constructed model is compared to the linear regression model and nonlinear regression models based on the univariate transformations, such as the decimal logarithm, Box–Cox, and Johnson transformation. This model, in comparison with other regression models, has better prediction accuracy.
Leading public service reform: Some reflections
Authors: Watt Robert , Perkins Michael
Published: January 2021

The past decade has been a period of intense reform, bookended by two crises of seismic proportions – the troika bailout of Ireland in 2010 and the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. This paper details the reforms which have been led by the Department of Public Expenditure and Reform over the past decade. Also, drawing on Robert Watt’s reflections of leading public service reform, it sets out lessons learned and factors which we regard as necessary to ensuring successful reform. Finally, a range of priority areas for the future are identified.
The Use of Non-Saccharomyces Yeast and Enzymes in Beer Production
Authors: Cioch-Skoneczny Monika , Klimczak Krystian , Satora Paweł , Skoneczny Szymon , Zdaniewicz Marek , Pater Aneta
Published: January 2021

The objective of this paper was to test the potential of selected non-Saccharomyces strains for beer production, by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a control sample. For some of variants brewing enzymes were added to wort to increase the content of fermentable sugars. The non-Saccharomyces yeasts differed in the fermentation process rate. The basic beer physiochemical parameters were assessed, including: alcohol content, extract, free amino nitrogen, sugars, acidity, colour, and the profile of volatile compounds and metal ions. The use of enzymes caused an increase in alcohol and fusel alcohols concentration in beers obtained. Total acidity, free amine nitrogen content, colour and sugar content indicated that the tested non-Saccharomyces yeast allowed obtaining beers with the proper analytical parameters.
Application of the ρV coefficient and distance correlation to the analysis of multivariate association
Authors: Janiszewska Malwina , Szczepańska-Álvarez Anna , Zawieja Emilia
Published: January 2021

The aim of this paper is to study the association between two random vectors related to two groups of characteristics. To analyze the multivariate association, the ρV coefficient and distance correlation are used. Two methods (classical and recent) are compared and illustrated with real data.
On a new approach to the analysis of variance for experiments with orthogonal block structure. IV. Experiments in split-plot designs
Authors: Caliński Tadeusz , Łacka Agnieszka , Siatkowski Idzi
Published: January 2021

This paper provides estimation and hypothesis testing procedures for experiments in split-plot designs. These experiments have been shown to have a convenient orthogonal block structure when properly randomized. Due to this property, the analysis of experimental data can be carried out in a relatively simple manner. Relevant simplification procedures are indicated. According to the adopted approach, the analysis of variance and hypothesis testing procedures can be performed directly, rather than by combining the results of analyses based on some stratum submodels. The practical application of the presented theory is illustrated by examples of real experiments in appropriate split-plot designs. The present paper is the fourth in the planned series of publications on the analysis of experiments with orthogonal block structure.
Comparative evaluation of goodness of fit tests for normal distribution using simulation and empirical data
Authors: Anastasiou Achilleas , Karagrigoriou Alex , Katsileros Anastasios
Published: January 2021

The normal distribution is considered to be one of the most important distributions, with numerous applications in various fields, including the field of agricultural sciences. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the most popular normality tests, comparing the performance in terms of the size (type I error) and the power against a large spectrum of distributions with simulations for various sample sizes and significance levels, as well as through empirical data from agricultural experiments. The simulation results show that the power of all normality tests is low for small sample size, but as the sample size increases, the power increases as well. Also, the results show that the Shapiro–Wilk test is powerful over a wide range of alternative distributions and sample sizes and especially in asymmetric distributions. Moreover the D’Agostino–Pearson Omnibus test is powerful for small sample sizes against symmetric alternative distributions, while the same is true for the Kurtosis test for moderate and large sample sizes.
Supporting a Sustainable Way of Life-Long Learning in the Frame of Challenge-Based Learning
Authors: Hercz Maria , Pozsonyi Ferenc , Flick-Takács Nikolett
Published: January 2021

The education of children in the Age of Knowledge is a challenge for educators all over the world since it is questionable how we can educate learners to become responsible citizens in different areas. Finding a suitable methodology is a highlighted goal of present-day educational researches. The intention of our work is to contribute to this dispute with a research investigating the challenge-based-learning-adapting European UKids programme designed for eight-to-eleven-year-old learners. This intention aims to support their education for sustainability and to develop social entrepreneurship and life-long learning. The program is a professional collaboration among university teachers, primary school teacher candidates and learners, thus the research manages this triplet as a complex entity.

The scientific paradigm and structure of present paper is rather nonconventional since, instead of presenting an empiric research, it interprets some peculiarities of many research units with the help of mixed methodology. Four research phases had been distinguished, the first three of these applied quantitative research methods.

Results suggest that the learners are somewhat satisfied with their schooling and learning circumstances. Although they prefer constructive learning strategies, teacher-directed methods are still more popular among the responses which means that the non-traditional work forms are rather unfamiliar to them. The programme affected their skills and competences in a positive way. An age-specific (socio) psychological dichotomy was detected; however, the framework of the UKids programme was able to handle it. Both challenge-based learning and the UKids programme turned out to be suitable for educating and developing children in a complex way, and they are able to trigger innovation in teacher-training.
Teachers’ Professional Development Needs: A Q Method Analysis
Authors: Yenen Emin Tamer , Yöntem Mustafa Kemal
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the professional development needs of teachers working in different subject domains. In this context, the sample of this study was 35 teachers working in state schools in Cappadocia provinces of Turkey. Q method analysis which includes qualitative and quantitative processes is used in this study. The professional development needs of the teachers is discussed under four main themes; instructional development, scientific field development, personal development, and organizational development and 14 sub-dimensions related to these themes. The data collection instrument of the study consisted of a total of 36 Q items regarding the professional development needs of teachers. The findings of the study show that the most needed professional development areas of the teachers were special education, scientific research methods, and participation in the projects and related professional activities. It was determined that some of the participants needed professional development in the areas of instructional technologies, material development, student participation, assessment and evaluation, and teamwork skills.
Water Resources and Tourism Development in Estrela Geopark Territory: Meaning and Contributions of Fluvial Beaches to Valorise the Destination
Authors: Fernandes Gonçalo , de Castro Emanuel , Gomes Hugo
Published: January 2021

Rural areas and in particular mountain territories have been experiencing an increasing appreciation of natural and heritage resources and their use for recreational and leisure activities, boosting tourism development and generating renewed functions with economic and social impact. Inland waters are becoming increasingly important for leisure and tourism, with many activities associated and many users seeking for them. Fluvial beaches represent leisure facilities for rural communities, allowing people and visitors access to aquatic spaces for leisure, sport and entertainment, creating conditions for enjoying nature and water resources, particularly during the summer period. The supply of surface water resources – rivers, lakes and canals – in the territory of the Estrela Geopark in Portugal, represent a tourist potential for this mountain region. They qualify the offer and constitute recreational attractions appreciated by the community and tourists, generating social well-being and fostering new services. There is a growing demand for these spaces, allowing the upgrading of fluvial areas, generating new features and enhancing the image of the destination Serra da estrela. The greater part of this equipment is operated by public entities linked to local administration, thus benefiting from public investment and support. There is a strong perception of its importance in attracting tourists, in improving the quality of life of the local population and in the opportunity to expand trade and service activities. Also in the image of the community, and their self-esteem is perceived, the importance of river beaches and consequently the disclosure that they associate, in terms of environmental quality, heritage value, and space of tranquillity.
Analysis methods in hermeneutic phenomenological research: interpretive profiles
Authors: Oerther Sarah
Published: January 2021

Objective

To describe the development of interpretive profiles for a hermeneutic phenomenological research study.

Methods

literature review was conducted to identify research that has used interpretive profiles. An initial interpretive profile was constructed.

Results

The final outcome was an interpretive profile that contained a case summary and addressed the aims of the researcher's study. The interpretive profile contained background material, coded excerpts, and interpretive comments.

Conclusions

Interpretive profiles can assist emerging scholars in describing self-world relations and experiential variations within and across participants. Interpretive profiles can facilitate the writing of dissertations and manuscripts since the data is systematically archived and easily retrievable.
Modern transformation of deserted settlements in the Sudetes Mountains, SW Poland
Authors: Latocha Agnieszka
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study was to present and to classify current processes and phenomena which are observed within the depopulated villages in the Kłodzko region in SW Poland, to assess the present conditions, functions and meanings of deserted settlements, and to forecast their potential further transformations. The study was based on diverse cartographic sources, field investigations, inventories and interviews, historical documents and current spatial development plans. The current processes and phenomena occurring in the highly depopulated or deserted villages are spatially very diverse in terms of their types and dynamics. They include: afforestation (re-wilding), return to agricultural use (limitation of the secondary succession), new houses or the renovation of the old ones, partial restoration of the sacral landscape, large-scale tourist infrastructure and educational initiatives (educational trails, eco-museums, information boards). However, some areas remain forgotten and neglected. These processes often co-occur with each other and they may be diverse in different parts of the village. In the current transformations of the abandoned areas the main focus is on local economy or nature protection while the cultural landscape of the deserted villages is hardly appreciated as an important value itself. The potential future transformations of the depopulated areas will be multidirectional with the tendency to polarization. Some areas will be subject to an increased human pressure, especially due to the new developments in housing and large-scale tourist infrastructure, the other areas will remain out of the way allowing for using their potential as “archives” of traditional cultural landscapes.
Nieuw-Roeselare – landscape archaeological and historical geographical research on deserted medieval settlements in the borderlands of Flanders and Zealand
Authors: Verbrugghe Gerben , Van Eetvelde Veerle , Vanderputten Steven , De Clercq Wim
Published: January 2021

This paper offers an introduction to the renewed landscape archaeological and historical geographical research on the lost village of Nieuw-Roeselare. Despite being the first site to be studied as a Deserted Medieval Settlement in modern-day Flanders, little is known about the village and its relation to the surrounding landscape. Nieuw-Roeselare is presented as a case study on lost and deserted medieval settlements in the context of the research history on the topic in both Flanders and Zealand. Past historical geographical and archaeological research at the site is described and the ongoing and future research is presented along with its potential for landscape studies and planning.
Drought vulnerability of Marathwada region, India: A spatial analysis
Authors: Khetwani Sagar , Singh Ram Babu
Published: January 2021

The magnitude and frequency of severe and extreme drought events continue to grow, instigating a grave risk to human wellbeing. Marathwada region of India is one of the most chronically drought affected region of India. The sequential drought events between the years 2012 to 2016 acutely impacted the natural as well as socio-economic resources of the region. This study attempts to assess the drought vulnerability of Marathwada region at sub-district level. An integrated drought vulnerability index has been developed by blending biophysical and socio-economic indicators of drought vulnerability. The analysis revealed that sub-districts like Shirur-Anantpal, Deoni, Shirur Kasar, Dharur, Biloli, Paranda, Mukhed, Khuldabad, Patoda, Hadgaon, Palam, Badnapur and Kaij, emerged as the very highly vulnerable to drought, representing 14.43% of geographical area and 10.96% of population of Marathwada while the sub-districts lying under the category of high drought vulnerability represented 39.15% of geographical area and 34.69% of population.
The Struggle for Objectivity: Gramsci’s Historical-Political Vistas on Science against the Background of Lenin’s Epistemology
Authors: Omodeo Pietro Daniel
Published: January 2021

This contribution interprets the intertwined issues of science, epistemology, society, and politics in Gramsci’s Prison Notebooks as a culturalist approach to science that does not renounce objectivity. Gramsci particularly criticized the scientist positions taken by the Bolshevik leader Nikolai Bukharin in Historical Materialism (1921) and the conference communication he delivered at the International Congress of History of Science and Technology in London in 1931. Gramsci did not avoid, at least implicitly, engaging with the theses of Lenin’s Materialism and Empiriocriticism (1909). Gramsci’s reception of these Russian positions was twofold: on the one hand, he agreed with the centrality of praxis (and politics) for a correct assessment of the meaning of epistemological positions; on the other hand, he disagreed with the reduction of the problem of epistemology to the dichotomy of materialism and idealism at the expense of any consideration of the ideological dimension of science.