bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NGHIÊN CỨU NGUY CƠ BƠM HƠI DẠ DÀY DƯỚI SIÊU ÂM LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN THÔNG KHÍ KIỂM SOÁT ÁP LỰC QUA MẶT NẠ TRONG QUÁ TRÌNH KHỞI MÊ
Authors: Phạm Thị Tuyết Mai , Phan Tôn Ngọc Vũ , Huỳnh Trung Thảo Nguyên
Published: January 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Bơm hơi dạ dày trong quá trình khởi mê trên người bệnh ngưng thở với đường thở không được bảo vệ là một trong những nguyên nhân của hít sặc dịch dạ dày vào phổi. Chúng tôi tìm cách xác định mức cài đặt áp lực hít vào nhằm hạn chế tối đa nguy cơ bơm hơi dạ dày trong khi vẫn cung cấp thông khí phổi phù hợp. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Trong thử nghiệm lâm sàng đối chứng ngẫu nhiên này, người bệnh được phân chia vào hai nhóm (P10 và P20) quy định bởi áp lực hít vào sử dụng trong thông khí kiểm soát áp lực: 10 và 20 cm H2O. Gây mê được tiến hành với sử dụng fentanyl, propofol và rocuronium. Khi xảy ra mất phản xạ mi mắt, bắt đầu thông khí bằng mặt nạ mặt trong 90 giây, đồng thời sử dụng hình ảnh siêu âm vùng tâm vị trong thời gian thực để phát hiện bơm hơi dạ dày. Mặt phẳng cắt ngang vùng tâm vị được đo lường trên hình ảnh siêu âm trước và sau thông khí. Các thông số hô hấp cũng được thu thập. Kết quả: 50 người bệnh được phân tích. Chúng tôi nhận thấy có sự tăng đáng kể có ý nghĩa thống kê trên tỉ lệ bơm hơi dạ dày theo áp lực hít vào, từ 0% (nhóm P10) đến 28% (nhóm P20). Trong nhóm P20, việc xác định bơm hơi dạ dày đi kèm với sự tăng đáng kể có ý nghĩa thống kê diện tích vùng tâm vị. Thông khí phổi vẫn được đầy đủ trong nhóm P10. Kết luận: Mức cài đặt áp lực hít vào 10 cm H2O cho phép giảm tần suất bơm hơi dạ dày đồng thời đảm bảo thông khí phổi phù hợp trong quá trình khởi mê.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM HỘI CHỨNG DỄ BỊ TỔN THƯƠNG Ở BỆNH NHÂN XƠ CỨNG BÌ HỆ THỐNG TẠI TRUNG TÂM CƠ XƯƠNG KHỚP BỆNH VIỆN BẠCH MAI
Authors: Phạm Kim Linh , Nguyễn Văn Hùng , Bùi Hải Bình
Published: January 2024

Mục tiêu: Xác định tỷ lệ và nhận xét một số yếu tố liên quan đến hội chứng dễ bị tổn thương (HCDBTT) ở bệnh nhân xơ cứng bì tại Trung tâm Cơ Xương Khớp- Bệnh viện Bạch Mai. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Mô tả cắt ngang trên 52 bệnh nhân (BN) được chẩn đoán xơ cứng bì hệ thống theo tiêu chuẩn ACR/EULAR 2013, trong thời gian từ tháng 01 năm 2023 đến tháng 06 năm 2023. Kết quả: Trong 52 BN xơ cứng bì nghiên cứu, 76,9% BN có HCDBTT, với mức độ nhẹ, vừa và nặng tương ứng là 34,6%, 26,9% và 15,4%. Trong 10 tiêu chí HCDBTT theo thang điểm CRAF, mệt mỏi, bệnh đồng mắc, sử dụng nhiều thuốc chiếm chủ yếu, tương ứng là 95%, 80,8% và 94,2%. Về các yếu tố liên quan đến HCDBTT, nhóm có tổn thương phổi kẽ có tỷ lệ HCDBTT cao hơn (89,2% so với 46,7%), sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa với p=0,005, nhóm dùng thuốc ức chế miễn dịch có tỷ lệ HCDBTT cao hơn (91,4% so với 47,1%), sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa với p=0,005, hội chứng Raynaud làm tăng tỷ lệ HCDBTT (92,6% so với 60%), sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa với p=0,038. Ngược lại, HCDBTT không khác biệt giữa các nhóm tuổi, giới, thời gian mắc bệnh, dung tích sống gắng sức và mức độ dày da (p>0,05).  Kết luận: Bệnh nhân xơ cứng bì thường mắc HCDBTT, tình trạng này có liên quan đến tổn thương phổi kẽ, hội chứng Raynaud và sử dụng thuốc ức chế miễn dịch. Do vậy, các bệnh nhân cần được cân nhắc đánh giá HCDBTT để góp phần nâng cao chất lượng chăm sóc sức khoẻ toàn diện.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM KHỐI U Ở BỆNH NHÂN UNG THƯ TRỰC TRÀNG THẤP ĐƯỢC PHẪU THUẬT MILES NỘI SOI CẮT TẦNG SINH MÔN Ở TƯ THẾ NẰM SẤP TẠI THÀNH PHỐ CẦN THƠ
Authors: Nguyễn Văn Tuấn , Phạm Văn Năng
Published: January 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Trong phẫu thuật điều trị ung thư, các thông tin về khối u (kích thước, vị trí, tình trạng di động, kết quả mô bệnh học khối u,….) sẽ giúp đánh giá khả năng phẫu thuật và kết quả điều trị. Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm khối u ở bệnh nhân ung thư trực tràng thấp được phẫu thuật Miles nội soi cắt tầng sinh môn ở tư thế nằm sấp tại Thành phố Cần Thơ. Đối tượng và phương pháp:Nghiên cứu tiến cứu, mô tả hàng loạt ca trên 45 bệnh nhân ung thư trực tràng thấp giai đoạn I, II, III, tại Thành phố Cần Thơ từ tháng 12 năm 2018 đến tháng 06 năm 2023. Kết quả: 45 bệnh nhân ung thư trực tràng thấp nhập viện chủ yếu với triệu chứng tiêu phân đàm máu (82,2%); vị trí khối u phía trước chiếm 24,4%, phía sau chiếm 28,9%, bên (P) và (T) chiếm 24,4%, vòng chiếm 22,2%; đa số các khối u có kích thước dọc > 3 cm (88,9%) và có kích thước ngang ≤ 5 cm (82,2%); đại thể khối u dạng u sùi có 44,4%, loét sùi có 33,3%, vòng có 22,2%; 46,7% khối u di dộng mức độ trung bình; khối u giai đoạn T2 chiếm 28,9%, T3 chiếm 71,1%, không ghi nhận giai đoạn T1, T4; mức độ biệt hóa mô chủ yếu là trung bình với 91%. Dựa vào kết quả giải phẫu bệnh sau mổ, 20% bệnh ở giai đoạn I, giai đoạn II có 33,3%, giai đoạn III có 46,7%. Kết luận: Đa số ung thư trực tràng thấp có khối u kích thước lớn, độ biệt hóa trung bình, u ở giai đoạn T3 và giai đoạn III.
SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS TRAYEK ANGKUTAN UMUM DI KOTA TASIKMALAYA BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Yulianeu Aneu , Oktamala Rama
Published: January 2024

Kebutuhan informasi semakin mendesak sejalan dengan arus globalisasi yang terjadi di seluruh dunia. Keberhasilan informasi sangat tergantung pada sarana dan prasarananya. Pemakaian komputer dalam kehidupan kita telah sangat meluas dan masyarakat, tidak terbatas di lingkungan kerja, tetapi juga dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu dan teknologi, muncul suatu perkembangan teknologi yaitu GPS (Global Positioning System). Bertujuan untuk mengetahui letak tempat yang dituju dan mengetahui dimana pengguna berada dengan bantuan sinyal satelit, GPS sendiri dapat memberikan informasi yang tepat dan akurat mengenai posisi, kecepatan, arah dan waktu.Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti merancang dan membangun aplikasi Rancangan peta digital trayek angkutan umum di Kota Tasikmalaya berbasis web dengan yang memanfaatkan teknologi GIS di dalamnya. Aplikasi berguna untuk pencarian rute angkutan kota (Angkot) di Kota Tasikmalaya, sehingga pengguna tidak lagi merasa kesulitan dalam mencari angkutan umum untuk menuju lokasi tujuan mereka terutama bagi para pendatang di Kota Tasikmalaya.

Kata Kunci: Trayek Angkutan Umum, GIS, Angkot.
LAYANAN TIKET MASUK PANTAI PANGANDARAN KABUPATEN CIAMIS
Authors: Saepulloh Asep
Published: January 2024

Pantai Pangandaran yang setiap tahun nya selalu ramai pengunjung dari berbagai daerah provinsi jawa barat maupun dari luar jawa barat, pantai pagandaran yang sudah berdiri cukup lama ini menjadi tempat wisata favorit bagi warga pangandaran, oleh karena itu di perlukan kemudahan akses dalam mencari informasi dan memesan tiket pantai secara mudah.

Dengan perkembangan teknologi sekarang ini yang semakin pesat, salah satu perkembangan teknologi itu adalah internet. Kemudian yang didapatkan dengan menggunakan internet pun ikut di manfaatkan oleh bidang penjualan yaitu dengan adanya Sistem informasi pemesanan tiket masuk pantai pangandaran berbasis mobile android. Sehingga dengan mengunakan handphone, pengguna sistem dapat memesan tiket. Hal ini tentu dapat menjadi alat bantu didalam masyarakat khususnya dalam pemesanan tiket. Layaknya pada komputer, handphone pun dapat di install berbagai macam perangkat lunak yang diinginkan. Selain itu, perangkat mobile juga dapat digunakan untuk bertransaksi. Seperti melakukan transaksi pemesanan tiket melalui perangkat mobile.

Tahapan yang penulis lakukan untuk melakukan proses pembangunan aplikasi tersebut meliputi tahapan permasalahan dan kebutuhan, perancangan aplikasi dan desain antar muka aplikasi, sehingga aplikasi yang terbentuk menjadi mudah untuk di gunakan.

Penulis berharap dapat menghasilkan sebuah sistem informasi yang dapat melakukan pemesanan tiket dan penggunaan fasilitas yang di lakukan secara online, sehingga memudahkan pengunjung dalam berwisata.

Kata kunci: Handphone, Pemesanan Tiket, Pantai Pangandaran.
Las jornaleras de Zacatecas en la agricultura protegida
Authors: Olvera-Carmona Jehnny Alondra , Escobar-Moreno Darío A.
Published: January 2024

En México, la agricultura protegida surgió a partir del impulso de la reconversión productiva del sector y como parte del desarrollo con miras al crecimiento capitalista, destacando sus ventajas económicas y técnicas, dejando de lado su impacto social con relación a la mujer jornalera en dicho mercado. Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron caracterizar la inserción laboral de las jornaleras que se desenvuelven en el mercado de trabajo de hortalizas en agricultura protegida y evaluar el impacto con relación a los beneficios sociales y económicos.El estudio fue planteado considerando el modelo de desarrollo neoliberal como telón de fondo, responsable de la situación actual de las relaciones laborales precarias y flexibles. Abordada bajo la teoría del mercado de trabajo institucionalista, a través del análisis de costumbres y roles familiares que explican la inserción de la mujer dentro del mercado de trabajo rural segmentado; el enfoque sobre las estrategias de reproducción de Medina (1991) con aportaciones de Acosta (2007). Los resultados mostraron edades de 14 hasta 67 años; posiciones familiares de hijas (51%), madres (33%) y esposas (16%); así como mujeres sin algún nivel educativo (10%) hasta aquéllas con alguna carrera técnica (3%).Por otro lado, 20% de las trabajadoras contaron con tres o más dependientes económicos, 38% fueron jefas de familia y 10% las únicas contribuyentes al ingreso familiar. En 28% de los casos el beneficio social se reflejó por contar con alguna prestación de seguridad social. Se concluye que la mano de obra femenina ocupada en la agricultura protegida no obedece a un perfil específico, más bien su situación familiar la obliga a insertarse en este mercado laboral, representando una estrategia de reproducción ante la presión económica que vive; ofreciéndoles beneficios mínimos y evitándoles llevar una reproducción digna.
Pengaruh sistem manajemen mutu terhadap peningkatan kualitas pelayanan pada perusahaan Damri kota Medan
Authors: Turnip Puja Miranda , Simanjuntak Juara , Simanjuntak Agus Nakkok
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh sistem manajemen mutu terhadap peningkatan kualitas layanan pada perusahaan Damri Kota Medan. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menyebarkan kuesioner atau angket. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah purposive sampling. Populasi yang menjadi objek penelitian adalah seluruh pengguna jasa transportasi bus Damri Kota Medan. Data pengguna dari bulan Juni sampai September 2020 yaitu 160.620 pengguna dengan sampel sebanyak 100 orang pengguna. Alat analisis pada penelitian ini menggunakan SPSS versi 22.0. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik (uji normalitas dan uji heteroskedastisitas), analisis regresi linier sederhana, uji t dan koefisien determinasi (R2). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan taraf signifikasi 5% diperoleh kesimpulan yaitu nilai koefisien regresi variabel manajemen mutu sebesar 1,129 dengan tanda positif yang menyatakan bahwa variabel manajemen mutu mempengaruhi kualitas layanan sebesar 1,129 atau berpengaruh secara positif; variabel manajemen mutu berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas layanan, dengan nilai t hitung 17,400 > t tabel 1,988 dan nilai signifikasi 0,000 < 0,05. Berdasarkan pengujian Adjusted R square diketahui R2 sebesar 0,755 yang menyatakan variabel manajemen mutu memiliki pengaruh terhadap kualitas layanan sebesar 73,3% sedangkan sisanya sebesar 24,7% di pengaruhi oleh variabel lain.
Pengaruh brand ambassador dan e-wom terhadap minat beli kembali produk mie siap saji Korean Spicy
Authors: Hutahean Sarah Lidyana , Simanjuntak Agus Nakkok , Pasaribu Romindo M.
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara online melalui google formulir. Rumusan Masalah : (1) Bagaimanakah pengaruh brand ambassadorsecara parsial terhadap minat beli kembali produk Mie siap sajiKorean Spicy di kota Medan? (2) Bagaimanakah pengaruh electronic word of mouth terhadap minat beli kembali produk Mie siap saji Korean Spicy di Kota Medan? (3) Bagaimanakah pengaruh brand ambassador dan electronic word of mouth terhadap minat beli kembali produk Mie siap saji Korean Spicy di Kota Medan?. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah : (1) Untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh brand ambassador mempengaruhi minat beli kembali (2) Untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis electronic word of mouth mempengaruhi minat beli kembali (3) Untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis brand ambassador dan electronic word of mouth secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi minat beli kembali. Metode Penelitian : Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode analisis regresi linier berganda menggunakan software SPSS. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di Kota Medan. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 100 orang konsumen Mie Sedaap Korean Spicy. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa : brand ambassador berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat beli kembali. Electronic word of mouth berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat beli kembali. Brand ambassador dan electronic word of mouth secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat beli kembali.
Analisis peran pemerintah daerah mendukung UMKM naik kelas
Authors: Tambunan Toman Sony
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran dan strategi Pemerintah Daerah dalam mendukung Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) Naik Kelas di Kota Medan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini berfokus pada peran dan strategi Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengembangan Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) untuk naik kelas di Kota Medan. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan telaah dokumentasi. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman, serta uji keabsahan data dilakukan berdasarkan kriteria kepercayaan (credibility). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam pengembangan UMKM di Kota Medan, Dinas Koperasi, Usaha Kecil dan Menengah, Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Kota Medan telah menjalankan perannya dengan baik. Hal tersebut dibuktikan melalui dukungan terhadap kemajuan Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) dengan memberikan bantuan modal; pendampingan dalam pengurusan izin usaha dan sertifikasi produk; mendukung pengelolaan usaha berbasis digitalisasi; serta mendukung kegiatan pemasaran berbasis e-commerce. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh Pemerintah sebagai acuan untuk optimalisasi sektor Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah daerah menjadi naik kelas berdasarkan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2008.
Analisis kinerja keuangan dengan menggunakan rasio profitabilitas studi kasus perusahaan industri barang konsumsi
Authors: Pasaribu Ribka Lestari , Soegeng Irwin Sukrisno
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh kinerja keuangan dengan menggunakan rasio profitabilitas pengukuran yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan 4 rasio Net Profit Margin (NPM), Gross Profit Margin (GPM), Return on Equity (ROE), dan Return On Asset (ROA). Laporan keuangan yang diteliti diambil dari perusahaan sektor Industri Barang Konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif non-statistik. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Probability/Random Sampling dengan jumlah sebanyak 20 Perusahaan dengan 6 sektor perusahaan. Teknik analisis penelitian ini dengan mengunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan dengan rasio profitabilitas perusahaan dengan perbandingan standar industri rasio profitabilitas dengan nilai NPM yang tinggi PT Delta Djakarta Tbk (31%), dan PT Jamu Sido Muncul Tbk (28%). Nilai GPM yang tinggi/ memenuhi standar adalah PT Delta Djakarta Tbk (70%) dan PT Jamu Sido Muncul (55%) dan 12 Perusahaan lainnya. Nilai ROE yang tinggi/ memenuhi standar adalah PT Unilever Indonesia dan Nilai ROA yang tinggi/ memenuhi standar adalah PT Unilever. Sehingga disimpulkan dari keseluruhan perusahaan yang memenuhi standart industri berada diatas rata rata adalah PT Delta Djakarta Tbk, PT Jamu Sidomuncul dan PT Unilever.
Penta Helix: Five Variable Elements of Strength in the Development of Taman Langit Tourism Village, Batu Layar District, West Lombok Regency
Authors: Aji Wahyu Trisno
Published: January 2024

This research discusses the application of the penta helix model in the development of the Taman Langit tourist village in Bengkuang Hill, Bengkaung village, Gunungsari sub-district, West Lombok district, NTB. The penta helix model emphasizes the important role of five main actors, namely government, community, business people, media and academics, in building and developing tourism destinations. Harmonious collaboration between these five factors is considered very crucial for the smooth development of village tourism. In the context of the Taman Langit tourist village, the government has a role as a provider of tourism access and infrastructure, while the community and business people act as the main actors who run and develop village tourism. The media functions as a promotional tool, while historians provide direction, consultation and predictions regarding the development of village tourism. Through the penta helix approach, it is hoped that people from various sectors can enjoy the positive benefits resulting from the development of the Taman Langit tourist village. This research uses a type of library study (library research) with secondary data in the form of literature such as books, journals, magazines and websites that are relevant to the research. Key words: penta helix, sky garden, tourism
Axicabtagene Ciloleucel (Yescarta)
Authors: CADTH
Published: January 2024

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.

The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.

This review assesses axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta); cell suspension in patient-specific single-infusion bag, for IV infusion.

Indication: For the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory grade 1, 2, or 3a follicular lymphoma (FL) after 2 or more lines of systemic therapy.
Performance Evaluation of MeteoTracker Mobile Sensor for Outdoor Applications
Authors: Barbano Francesco , Brattich Erika , Cintolesi Carlo , Nizamani Abdul Ghafoor , Di Sabatino Silvana , Milelli Massimo , Peerlings Esther E. M. , Polder Sjoerd , Steeneveld Gert-Jan , Parodi Antonio
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The morphological complexity of urban environments results in a high spatial and temporal variability of the urban microclimate. The consequent demand for highly-resolution atmospheric data remains a challenge for atmospheric research and operational application. The recent widespread availability and increasing adoption of low-cost mobile sensing offers the opportunity to integrate observations from conventional monitoring networks with microclimatic and air pollution data at a finer spatial and temporal scale. So far, the relatively low quality of the measurements and outdoor performance compared to conventional instrumentation has discouraged the full deployment of mobile sensors for routine monitoring. The present study addresses the performance of a commercial mobile sensor, the MeteoTracker (IoTopon Srl), recently launched on the market to quantify the microclimatic characteristics of the outdoor environment. The sensor follows the philosophy of the Internet of Things technology, being low cost, having an automatic data flow via personal smartphones and online data sharing, supporting user-friendly software, and having the potential to be deployed in large quantities. In this paper, the outdoor performance is evaluated through tests aimed at quantifying (i) the intra-sensor variability under similar atmospheric conditions and (ii) the outdoor accuracy compared to a reference weather station under sub-optimal (in fixed location) and optimal (mobile) sensor usage. Data-driven corrections are developed and successfully applied to improve the MeteoTracker data quality. In particular, a recursive method for the simultaneous improvement of relative humidity, dew point, and humidex index proves crucial for increasing the data quality. The results mark an intra-sensor variability in the range of ±0.5 °C for air temperature and ±1.2 % for the corrected relative humidity, both within the declared sensor accuracy. The sensor captures the same atmospheric variability as the reference sensor during both fixed and mobile tests, showing positive biases (overestimation) for both variables. Through the mobile test, the outdoor accuracy is observed between ±0.3 °C to ±0.5 °C for air temperature, between ±3 % and ±5 % for the relative humidity, ranking the MeteoTracker in the real accuracy range of similar commercial sensors from the literature and making it a valid solution for atmospheric monitoring.
Technical Note: General Formulation For the Distribution Problem: Prognostic Assumed PDF Approach Based on The Maximum–Entropy Principle and The Liouville Equation
Authors: Yano Jun-Ichi , Larson Vince , Phillips Vaughan T. J.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. A general formulation for the distribution problem is presented, which is applicable to frequency distributions of subgrid-scale variables, hydrometeor size distributions, as well as to probability distributions characterizing data uncertainties. The general formulation is presented based upon two well-known basic principles: the maximum-entropy principle and Liouville equation. The maximum-entropy principle defines the most likely general distribution form, if necessary constraints are specified. This paper proposes to specify these constraints as the output variables to be used in a host model. Once a general distribution form is defined, the problem of temporal evolution of the distribution reduces to that of predicting a small number of parameters characterizing it. This paper derives prognostic equations for these parameters from the Liouville equation. The developed formulation, which is applicable to a wide range of atmospheric modelling problems, is specifically applied to condensation growth of cloud droplets as a demonstration.
The impact of polar warming on global atmospheric circulation and mid-latitude baroclinic waves
Authors: Sukhanovskii Andrei , Gavrilov Andrei , Popova Elena , Vasiliev Andrei
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The results of experimental and numerical modeling of Arctic warming in a laboratory dishpan configuration are presented. The Arctic warming is reproduced by varying the size of a local cooler in the "atmospheric" regime, in which the flow structure is similar to the general atmospheric circulation. It is shown that a significant variation in cooling power and boundary (slip and non-slip) conditions leads to quantitative changes in the structure and intensity of baroclinic waves. The size of the cooler and boundary conditions applied to its surface play a crucial role in the structure and intensity of circulation at small radii. The laboratory Arctic warming leads to a weakening of a polar cell analog and mean zonal flows. The most important result of this study is a noticeable transformation of the mean temperature field. Namely, the central region and most of the lower layer become warmer, while most of the upper layer and the peripheral (equatorial) part of the lower layer become colder. The nature of this phenomenon is closely related to the changes in radial heat fluxes. Laboratory Arctic warming leads to a significant decrease in the negative heat flux near the bottom, which inevitably leads to an increase in temperature. Our results provide a plausible explanation for Arctic warming amplification.
Analysis of secondary inorganic aerosols over the Greater Area of Athens using the EPISODE-CityChem source dispersion and photochemistry model
Authors: Myriokefalitakis Stelios , Karl Matthias , Weiss Kim Andreas , Karagiannis Dimitris , Athanasopoulou Eleni , Kakouri Anastasia , Bougiatioti Aikaterini , Liakakou Eleni , Stavroulas Iasonas , Papangelis Georgios , Grivas Georgios , Paraskevopoulou Despina , Speyer Orestis , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos , Gerasopoulos Evangelos
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA) are major components of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), having substantial implications for climate and air quality in an urban environment. In this study, a state-of-the-art thermodynamic model has been coupled to the source dispersion and photochemistry city-scale chemistry transport model EPISODE-CityChem, able to simulate pollutants on a horizontal resolution of 100 x 100 m2, to determine the equilibrium between the inorganic gas and aerosol phases over the Greater Area of Athens, Greece, for the year 2019. In agreement with in-situ observations, sulfate (SO42-) is calculated to have the highest annual mean surface concentration (2.15 ± 0.88 μg m-3) among SIA in the model domain, followed by ammonium (NH4+; 0.58 ± 0.14 μg m-3) and fine nitrate (NO3-; 0.24 ± 0.22 μg m-3). Simulations denote that NO3- formation strongly depends on the local nitrogen oxide emissions, along with the ambient temperature, the relative humidity, and the photochemical activity. Additionally, we show that anthropogenic combustion sources may have an important impact on the NO3- formation in an urban area. During the cold period, the combined effect of decreased temperature in the presence of non-sea salt potassium favors the partitioning of HNO3 in the aerosol phase in the model, raising the NO3- formation in the area. Overall, this work highlights the significance of atmospheric composition and the local meteorological conditions for the equilibrium distribution of nitrogen-containing semivolatile compounds and the acidity of inorganic aerosols, especially in urban areas where atmospheric trace elements from natural and anthropogenic sources coexist.
Review article: Retrogressive thaw slump theory and terminology
Authors: Nesterova Nina , Leibman Marina , Kizyakov Alexander , Lantuit Hugues , Tarasevich Ilya , Nitze Ingmar , Veremeeva Alexandra , Grosse Guido
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs in plural and RTS in singular) are spectacular landforms that occur due to the thawing of ice-rich permafrost or melting of massive ground ice often in hillslope terrain. RTSs occur in the Arctic, Subarctic as well as high mountain (Tibetan Plateau) permafrost regions and are observed to expand in size and number due to climate warming. As the observation of RTS is receiving more and more attention due to their important role in permafrost thaw, impacts on topography, mobilization of sediment, carbon, nutrients, and contaminants, and their effects on downstream hydrology and water quality, the thematic breadth of studies increases and scientists from different scientific backgrounds and perspectives contribute to new RTS research. At this point, a wide range of terminologies originating from different scientific schools is being used and we identified the need to provide an overview of theoretical approaches, terms, and variable characteristics of RTS to clarify terminologies and create common ground for understanding RTS processes, dynamics, and feedbacks. We here review the theoretical geomorphological background of RTS formation and landform characteristics to provide an up-to-date understanding of the current views on terminology and underlying processes. The presented overview can be used not only by the international permafrost community but also by scientists working on ecological, hydrological, and biogeochemical consequences of RTS occurrence as well as remote sensing specialists developing automated methods for mapping RTS dynamics. The framework will foster a better understanding of the nature and diversity of RTS phenomena and provide a useful base for experts in the field but also ease the introduction to the topic of RTSs for scientists who are new to it.
An open source refactoring of the Canadian small lakes model for estimates of evaporation from medium sized reservoirs
Authors: Clark M. Graham , Carey Sean K.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Eddy covariance (EC) is one of the most effective ways to directly observe evaporation from a lake surface. However, the deployment of EC systems on lakes is costly and technically challenging which engenders a need for accurate modelling of evaporation from reservoirs for effective management. This study aims to 1) refactor the Canadian Small Lakes Model (CSLM) into modern high-level programming languages in open-source repositories and 2) evaluate evaporation estimates from the CSLM using nine years of EC observations of a pit-lake in Northern Alberta. The CSLM is a 1-D physical lake model simulating a mixing layer and arbitrary thick skin layer which interfaces with the atmosphere and includes a module for ice dynamics. It was developed to interface with the Canadian Global Coupled models as part of the surface classification scheme, and thus utilizes widely accessible forcing data. In this study the CSLM evaporation estimates are also compared to a commonly used bulk transfer method of estimating evaporation. In general, the CSLM had smaller open-water season error (RMSE of 0.70 mm day-1) than the bulk transfer method (RMSE of 0.83 mm day-1). However, if EC data is available, further improvement can be gained by using an Artificial Neural Network to adjust the modelled fluxes (RMSE of 0.51 mm day-1). This final step can be very useful for gap-filling missing data from lake observation networks as there has been recent attention on the limited coverage of direct open water evaporation observations in the literature.
Introducing ELSA v2.0: an isochronal model for ice-sheet layer tracing
Authors: Rieckh Therese , Born Andreas , Robinson Alexander , Law Robert , Gülle Gerrit
Published: January 2024

Abstract. We provide a detailed description of the ice-sheet layer age tracer ELSA – a model that uses a straightforward method to simulate the englacial stratification of large ice sheets – as an alternative to Eulerian or Lagrangian tracer schemes. ELSA’s vertical axis is time and individual layers of accumulation are modeled explicitly and are isochronal. ELSA is not a stand-alone ice-sheet model, but requires uni-directional coupling to another model providing ice physics and dynamics (the “host model”). Via ELSA’s layer tracing, the host model’s output can be evaluated throughout the interior using ice core or radiostratigraphy data. We describe the stability and resolution-dependence of this coupled modeling system using simulations of the last glacial cycle of the Greenland ice sheet using one specific host model. Key questions concern ELSA’s design to maximize usability, which includes making it computationally efficient enough for ensemble runs, as well as exploring the requirements for offline forcing of ELSA with output from a range of existing ice-sheet models. ELSA is an open source and collaborative project, and this work provides the foundation for a well-documented, flexible, and easily adaptable model code to effectively force ELSA with (any) existing full ice-sheet model via a clear interface.
Tracking precipitation features and associated large-scale environments over southeastern Texas
Authors: Liu Ye , Qian Yun , Berg Larry K. , Feng Zhe , Li Jianfeng , Chen Jingyi , Yang Zhao
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Deep convection initiated under different large-scale environments exhibits different precipitation features and interacts with local meteorology and surface properties in distinct ways. Here, we analyze the characteristics and spatiotemporal patterns of different types of convective systems over southeastern Texas using 13 years of high-resolution observations and reanalysis data. We find that mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) contribute significantly to both mean and extreme precipitation in all seasons, while isolated deep convection (IDC) plays a role in intense precipitation during summer and fall. Using self-organizing maps (SOMs), we found that convection can occur under unfavorable conditions without large-scale lifting or moisture convergence. In spring, fall and winter, frontal-related large-scale meteorological patterns (LSMPs) characterized by baroclinic waves and low-level moisture convergence act as primary triggers for convection, while the remaining storms are associated with an anticyclone pattern and orographic lifting. In summer, IDC are mainly associated with front-related and anticyclones LSMPs, while MCSs occur more in frontal-related LSMPs. We further tracked the lifecycle of MCSs and IDC using the Flexible Object Tracker algorithm over southeastern Texas. MCSs frequently initiate west of Houston, travelling eastward for around 8 hours to southeastern Texas, while IDC initiate locally. The average duration of MCSs in southeastern Texas is 6.1 hours, approximately 4.1 times the duration of IDC. Diurnally, the initiation of convection associated with favorable LSMPs peak at 1100 UTC, 3 hours earlier than those associated with anticyclones.
Climate READY: A three-semester youth empowerment program
Authors: Wellman Rachel L. , Henderson Anne , Coleman Ray , Hill Christopher , Davey Bradford T.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The Climate Resilience Education and Action for Dedicate Youth (Climate READY) program, developed by the Florida Atlantic University Pine Jog Environmental Education Center (FAU Pine Jog) and funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Environmental Literacy Program, built climate literacy and community resilience through a three-semester dual enrollment program (NOAA-SEC-OED-2020-2006190). Most student participants (~80 %) were from Title-1, high schools in low socio-economic communities vulnerable to extreme weather and environmental hazards in Palm Beach County, Florida. The main objectives were to increase knowledge of South Florida’s changing climate systems, teach and promote environmentally responsible behavior that results in the stewardship of healthy ecosystems and a reduction in carbon consumption to mitigate future environmental risks, and empower students to act as agents of change within the community by teaching community members about local climate impacts and resilience strategies for extreme weather events. Students in the Climate READY Ambassador Institute (Summer Semester 1) built climate knowledge, explored NOAA technology, engaged with scientists and resilience experts, developed communication and advocacy skills, and learned about local resilience solutions. An Afterschool Mentorship (Fall Semester 2) component paired new Climate READY Ambassadors with fourth- and fifth- grade afterschool students to build community resilience awareness through the creation of storybooks. Lastly, Community Outreach (Spring Semester 3) provided ways to share local resilience strategies at public events and promoted civic engagement in climate solutions. Data were collected from students in the form of pre- and post-assessment questionnaires during the 2022–2023 academic year. Summative statistics were analyzed for climate science knowledge, self-identity, self-efficacy, and sense of place. Students felt more prepared, confident, and able to communicate within their communities about climate change and many demonstrated a significantly better understanding of climate science concepts.
Beyond self-healing: Stabilizing and destabilizing photochemical adjustment of the ozone layer
Authors: Match Aaron , Gerber Edwin , Fueglistaler Stephan
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The ozone layer is often noted to exhibit self-healing, whereby a process that depletes ozone can nonetheless lead to increased ozone at lower altitudes. Self-healing has been explained to occur because ozone depletion aloft allows more ultraviolet (UV) light to reach lower levels, where it enhances ozone production. Similarly, a process that increases ozone can nonetheless reduce ozone below, known as reverse self-healing. This paper considers self-healing and reverse self-healing to manifest a more general mechanism we call photochemical adjustment, whereby ozone perturbations lead to a downward cascade of anomalies in ultraviolet fluxes and ozone. Conventional explanations for self-healing suggest that photochemical adjustment is stabilizing, i.e., the initial perturbation in column ozone is damped towards the surface. However, if the enhanced ultraviolet transmission due to ozone depletion disproportionately increases the ozone sink, then photochemical adjustment can be destabilizing. We use the coefficients of the Cariolle v2.9 linear ozone model to analyze photochemical adjustment in the chemistry-climate model MOBIDIC. We find that: (1) photochemical adjustment is destabilizing in the upper stratosphere, and (2) self-healing is often just the tip of the iceberg of large photochemical stabilization throughout the mid- and lower-stratosphere. The photochemical regimes from MOBIDIC can be reproduced by the Chapman Cycle, a classical model of ozone photochemistry whose simplicity admits theoretical insight. Photochemical regimes in the Chapman Cycle are controlled by the spectral structure of the perturbed ultraviolet fluxes. The transition from photochemical destabilization to stabilization occurs at the slant column ozone threshold where ozone becomes optically saturated in the overlap window of absorption by O2 and O3, i.e., 1018 molec cm-2 (around 40 km in the tropics).
A light-weight NO2 to NOx conversion model for quantifying NOx emissions of point sources from NO2 satellite observations
Authors: Meier Sandro , Koene Erik , Krol Maarten , Brunner Dominik , Damm Alexander , Kuhlmann Gerrit
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) are air pollutants which are co-emitted with CO2 during high-temperature combustion processes. Monitoring NOx emissions is crucial for assessing air quality and for providing proxy estimates of CO2 emissions. Satellite observations, such as those from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board the Sentinel-5P satellite, provide global coverage at high temporal resolution. However, satellites measure only NO2, necessitating a conversion to NOx. Previous studies applied a constant NO2-to-NOx conversion factor. In this paper, we develop a more realistic model for NO2 to NOx conversion and apply it to TROPOMI data of 2020 and 2021. To achieve this, we analysed plume-resolving simulations from the MicroHH Large Eddy Simulation model with chemistry for the power plants Bełchatów (PL), Jänschwalde (DE), Matimba and Medupi (ZA), as well as a metallurgical plant in Lipetsk (RU). We used the cross-sectional flux method to calculate NO, NO2, and NOx line densities from simulated NO and NO2 columns and derived NO2-to-NOx conversion factors as a function of the time since emission. Since the method of converting NO2 to NOx presented in this paper assumes steady-state conditions as well as that the conversion factors can be modeled by a negative exponential function, we validated the conversion factors using the same MicroHH data. Finally, we applied the derived conversion factors to TROPOMI NO2 observations of the same sources. The validation of the NO2-to-NOx conversion factors shows that they can account for the NOx chemistry in plumes, in particular for the conversion between NO and NO2 near the source and for the chemical loss of NOx further downstream. When applying these time-since-emission-dependent conversion factors, biases in NOx emissions estimated from TROPOMI NO2 images are greatly reduced from between -50 and -42 % to only -9.5 to -0.5 % in comparison with reported emissions. Single-overpass estimates can be quantified with an uncertainty of 20–27 %, while annual NOx emission estimates have uncertainties in the range of 4–21 % but are highly dependent on the number of successful retrievals. Although more simulations covering a wider range of meteorological and trace gas background conditions will be needed to generalize the approach, this study marks an important step towards a global, uniform, high-resolution, and near real-time estimation of NOx emissions – especially with regard to upcoming NO2 monitoring satellites such as Sentinel-4 and -5 and CO2M.
Seasonal Evolution of the Sea Ice Floe Size Distribution from Two Decades of MODIS Data
Authors: Buckley Ellen Margaret , Cañuelas Leela , Timmermans Mary-Louise , Wilhelmus Monica Martinez
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The Arctic sea ice cover seasonally evolves from large plates separated by long, linear leads in the winter to a mosaic of smaller sea ice floes in the summer. The interplay between physical and thermodynamic mechanisms during this process ultimately sets the observed sea ice floe size distribution (FSD), an important metric for characterizing the sea ice cover and assessing model performance. Historically, FSDs have been studied at fixed locations over short periods, leaving a gap in our understanding of the spatial and temporal evolution of the FSD at large scales. Here, we present a new framework for image segmentation, allowing the identification and labeling of individual ice floes in Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Using this algorithm, we automatically process and segment 4,861 images, identifying more than 9.4 million floes over 23 years. The extracted characteristics of the floes–including area, perimeter, and orientation–evolve throughout the spring and summer in the Beaufort Sea. We find seasonal patterns of decreasing mean floe area, increasing FSD power law slope, and more variability in the floe orientation as the summer progresses.
Improving the Magic constant – data-based calibration of phased array radars
Authors: Rexer Theresa , Gustavsson Björn , Vierinen Juha , Spicher Andres , Huyghebaert Devin Ray , Kvammen Andreas , Gillies Robert , Bhatt Asti
Published: January 2024

Abstract. We present two methods for improved calibration of multi-point electron density measurements from incoherent scatter radars (ISR). They are based on the well-established Flatfield correction method used in imaging and photography, where we exploit the analogy between independent measurements in separate pixels in one image sensor and multi-beam radar measurements. Applying these correction methods adds to the current efforts of estimating the magic constant or system constant made for the calibration of multi-point radars, increasing data quality and usability by correcting for variable, unaccounted, and unpredictable variations in system gain. This second-level calibration is especially valuable for studies of plasma patches, irregularities, turbulence, and other research where inter-beam changes and fluctuations of electron density are of interest. The methods are strictly based on electron density data measured by the individual radar and require no external input. This is of particular interest when independent measurements of electron densities for calibration are available only in one pointing direction or not at all. A correction factor is estimated in both methods, which is subsequently used to scale the electron density measurements of a multi-beam ISR experiment run on a phased array radar such as RISR-N, RISR-C, PFISR, or the future EISCAT3D radar. This procedure could improve overall data quality if used as part of the data-processing chain for multi-beam ISRs, both for existing data and for future experiments on new multi-beam radars.
E3SM Chemistry Diagnostics Package (ChemDyg) Version 0.1.4
Authors: Lee Hsiang-He , Tang Qi , Prather Michael
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The E3SM Chemistry diagnostics package (ChemDyg) is an open-source software, all diagnostic scripts written in Python, developed to support the Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). The current version 0.1.4 of ChemDyg generates several diagnostic plots and tables for model-to-model and model-to-observation comparison, including 2-dimentional contour mapping plots, diurnal and annual cycle plots, time-series plots, and comprehensive processing tables. ChemDyg is executed by zppy, which is a post-processing toolchain for E3SM written in Python. The ChemDyg codebase is designed to be modular, and each diagnostics set is self-contained. Each set has its own driving script that includes set-specific file input/output and a main python script for calculation and plotting. The outputs from each diagnostics set, including figures and tables, are organized in the main HTML page to make it interactive through a browser. This paper is a comprehensive description of E3SM ChemDyg (as of version 0.1.4) including the details of each diagnostics set and its required input data formats. This tool has enough flexibility for future ChemDyg developers to increase the addition of new observational datasets and new diagnostics sets.
GPU-HADVPPM4HIP V1.0: higher model accuracy on China's domestically GPU-like accelerator using heterogeneous compute interface for portability (HIP) technology to accelerate the piecewise parabolic method (PPM) in an air quality model (CAMx V6.10)
Authors: Cao Kai , Wu Qizhong , Wang Lingling , Guo Hengliang , Wang Nan , Cheng Huaqiong , Tang Xiao , Liu Lina , Li Dongqing , Wu Hao , Wang Lanning
Published: January 2024

Abstract. The graphics processing units (GPUs) are becoming a compelling acceleration strategy for geoscience numerical model due to their powerful computing performance. In this study, AMD’s heterogeneous compute interface for portability (HIP) was implemented to port the GPU acceleration version of the Piecewise Parabolic Method (PPM) solver (GPU-HADVPPM) from the NVIDIA GPUs to China’ s domestically GPU-like accelerators as GPU-HADVPPM4HIP, and further introduced the multi-level hybrid parallelism scheme to improve the total computational performance of the HIP version of CAMx (CAMx-HIP) model on the China’ s domestically heterogeneous cluster. The experimental results show that the acceleration effect of GPU-HADVPPM on the different GPU accelerator is more obvious when the computing scale is larger, and the maximum speedup of GPU-HADVPPM on the domestic GPU-like accelerator is 28.9 times. The hybrid parallelism with a message passing interface (MPI) and HIP enables achieve up to 17.2 times speedup when configure 32 CPU cores and GPU-like accelerators on the domestic heterogeneous cluster. And the OpenMP technology is introduced to further reduce the computation time of CAMx-HIP model by 1.9 times. More importantly, by comparing the simulation results of GPU-HADVPPM on NVIDIA GPUs and domestic GPU-like accelerators, it is found that the simulation results of GPU-HADVPPM on domestic GPU-like accelerators have less difference than the NVIDIA GPUs, and the reason for this difference may be related to the fact that the NVIDIA GPU sacrifices part of the accuracy for improved computing performance. All in all, the domestic GPU-like accelerators are more accuracy for scientific computing in the field of geoscience numerical models. Furthermore, we also exhibit that the data transfer efficiency between CPU and GPU has an important impact on heterogeneous computing, and point out that optimizing the data transfer efficiency between CPU and GPU is one of the important directions to improve the computing efficiency of geoscience numerical models in heterogeneous clusters in the future.