bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study and modeling of the disintegration kinetics of coated paper
Authors: Vilaseca Fabiola , Puig Josep , Pèlach M. Àngels , El Mansouri Nour-Eddine , Alcalà Manuel , Roux Jean-Claude , Mutjé Pere
Published: July 2023

The disintegration of recovered paper is the first operation in the preparation of recycled pulp. It is known that the defibering process follows a first order kinetics from which it is possible to obtain the disintegration kinetic constant (KD) by means of different ways. The disintegration constant can be obtained from the Somerville index results (%ISV) and from the dissipated energy per volume unit (SS). The %ISV is related to the quantity of non-defibrated paper, as a measure of the non-disintegrated fiber residual (percentage of flakes), which is expressed in disintegration time units. In this work, disintegration kinetics from recycled coated paper has been evaluated, working at 20 rev/s rotor speed and for different fiber consistency (6, 8, 10, 12, and 14%). The results showed that the values of experimental disintegration kinetic constant, KD, through the analysis of Somerville index, as function of time, increased with the disintegration consistency. Therefore, as consistency increased, the disintegration time was drastically reduced. The calculation of the disintegration kinetic constant (modeled KD), extracted from the Rayleigh’s dissipation function, showed a good correlation with the experimental values using the evolution of the Somerville index or with the dissipated energy.
Impact of furfural on the sugar analysis of prehydrolysis liquor of kraft-based dissolving pulp production process using the HPAEC technique
Authors: Saeed Abrar , Fatehi Pedram , Ni Yonghao , van Heiningen Adriaan
Published: July 2023

High performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulse ampero-metric detector (HPAEC-PAD) is a reliable method to systematically determine the sugar contents in pulp and paper waste streams, including bleaching and extraction liquors. We used the same method to determine the sugar content of industrially produced pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) from a kraft-based dissolving pulp production process. The analysis showed that the traditional method cannot be applied for sugar analysis, and an improvement on the method was required. In fact, the presence of furfural in the PHL sample was the reason for the required modification. It was noted that the removal of furfural via evaporation could improve the reliability of the HPAEC technique for sugar assessments. If the concentration of furfural was higher than 0.045% (wt.) in the PHL, the error introduced in the sugar analysis was profound. Also, the industrially produced PHL contained more furfural than the laboratory produced PHL under the same hydrolysis conditions. Consequently, the concentration of furfural in the PHL should be taken into account for sugar analysis using the HPAEC technique.
Study of the variability in chemical composition of bark layers of Quercus suber L. from different production areas
Authors: Jové Patricia , Olivella M. Àngels , Cano Laura
Published: July 2023

Cork is the bark of the cork oak tree (Quercus suber L), a renewable and biodegradable raw bioresource concentrated mainly in the Mediterranean region. Development of its potential uses as a biosorbent will require the investigation of its chemical composition; such information can be of help to understand its interactions with organic pollutants. The present study investigates the summative chemical composition of three bark layers (back, cork, and belly) of five Spanish cork samples and one cork sample from Portugal. Suberin was the main component in all the samples (21.1 to 53.1%), followed by lignin (14.8 to 31%), holocellulose (2.3 to 33.6%), extractives (7.3 to 20.4%), and ash (0.4 to 3.3%). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine whether the variations in chemical composition with respect to the production area and bark layers were significant. The results indicate that, with respect to the bark layer, significant differences were found only for suberin and holocellulose contents: they were higher in the belly and cork than in the back. Based on the results presented, cork is a material with a lot of potential because of its heterogeneity in chemical composition.
Acid- and base-catalized hydrolysis of corn stalk
Authors: Sánchez Cristina , Egüés Itziar , Llano-Ponte Rodrigo , Labidi Jalel
Published: July 2023

Nowadays agricultural wastes represent an alternative source of renewable raw materials. Different processes can be applied to these alternative materials to separate their components and obtain chemical products with high added value, such as bioethanol, organic acids, monomers, and biopolymers. The main objective of this work is to study the extraction of hemicelluloses from corn stalks using different reagents [H2SO4, HNO3, HCL, CH3COOH, CF3COOH, Ca(OH)2, NaOH]. The raw material was characterized and fractionated with autoclave hydrolysis processes (121 ºC, 1:20 solid/liquid ratio, 60 min, pH = 4 or 8). Monomeric sugars concentration, TDS, MO, MI, density, and final pH of the hydrolysate were determined. Hemicelluloses were precipitated and analyzed by different techniques (FTIR, TGA and GPC). The highest yield of hemicelluloses extraction was achieved by sulphuric acid (0.98 g/L total sugar content) and the less effective reagent was Ca(OH)2 (0.52 g/L total sugar content).
Influence of steam pressure on chemical changes of heat-treated Mongolian pine wood
Authors: Ding Tao , Gu Lianbai , Liu Xiang
Published: July 2023

Properties of heat-treated wood have been studied extensively in recent years. However, study on wood that has been treated in pressurized steam is limited, as most wood heat treatments are carried out in atmospheric steam. The main purpose of this study was to explore the influence of steam pressure on chemical changes of heat-treated wood. Wet chemical analysis, elemental analysis, and FTIR analysis were performed to investigate the changes of cell wall components of Mongolian pine wood. Samples treated in pressurized steam had lower percentages of polysaccharides and higher percentages of lignin compared to those treated in atmospheric steam, indicating greater chemical changes during the treatment. It was also found that thermal degradation of both samples was modest at the treatment temperature of 205 °C. These results help to explain the better dimensional stability and limited strength deterioration of wood treated in pressurized steam.
Effects of hot water extraction in a batch reactor on the delignification of birch wood
Authors: Borrega Marc , Nieminen Kaarlo , Sixta Herbert
Published: July 2023

The amount of residual lignin in birch wood after a hot water extraction in a batch reactor was investigated as a function of extraction temperature and time. A kinetic model fitting the experimental data was then developed to explain delignification of wood during a hot water treatment. Results showed that delignification kinetics involves simultaneous degradation and condensation reactions, with degradation of lignin being much faster than its condensation. Native lignin in wood was successfully modeled as the sum of two fractions with different degradation rates. The rates of degradation and condensation increased along with increasing extraction temperature. The proportion of acid-soluble lignin to acid-insoluble (Klason) lignin in the wood residue decreased with increasing extraction temperature and time, probably due to chemical and structural changes in the lignin during the hot water treatment. Condensed lignin was predominantly determined as Klason lignin. On the other hand, the amount of soluble lignin in the extraction liquor increased slightly with temperature, but remained mostly constant after any extraction time. An insoluble fraction in the liquor that originated from precipitated lignin fragments is believed to contain traces of degradation products from carbohydrates or other degradation compounds.
Control of sticky contaminants with cationic talc in deinked pulp
Authors: Gao Yang , Qin Menghua , Li Chao , Yu Hailong , Zhang Fengshan
Published: July 2023

In this study a cationic talc was applied to deinked pulp for control of sticky contaminants. Effects of the cationic talc on stickies and dissolved and colloid substances were investigated and compared with those of a conventional talc. Characteristics of wet-end chemistry were examined for the pulp with addition of both kinds of talc samples. Furthermore, influences on paper properties were also compared. The results showed that the addition of cationic talc can effectively decrease the content of stickies and DCS, while reducing the cationic demand of the pulp, and the turbidity of the filtrate. Deposition of stickies can be reduced by about 63% with the addition of 2.0% cationic talc into the pulp, and the DCS was reduced from 1989 mg/L to 1927 mg/L. Addition of cationic talc significantly increased the ash content of the paper, but it negatively influenced the paper strength properties.
Potential of thermostable cellulases in the bioprocessing of switchgrass to ethanol
Authors: Zambare Vasudeo P. , Zambare Archana V. , Muthukumarappan Kasivishavanathan , Christopher Lew P.
Published: July 2023

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), a perennial grass native to North America, is a promising energy crop for bioethanol production. The aim of this study was to optimize the enzymatic saccharification of thermo-mechanically pretreated switchgrass using a thermostable cellulase from Geobacillus sp. in a three-level, four-variable central composite design of response surface methodology. Different combinations of solids loadings (5 to 20%), enzyme loadings (5 to 20 FPU g-1 DM), temperature (50 to 70 oC), and time (36 to 96 h) were investigated in a total of 30 experiments to model glucose release from switchgrass. All four factors had a significant impact on the cellulose conversion yields with a high coefficient of determination of 0.96. The use of higher solids loadings (20%) and temperatures (70 oC) during enzymatic hydrolysis proved beneficial for the significant reduction of hydrolysis times (2.67-times) and enzyme loadings (4-times), with important implications for reduced capital and operating costs of ethanol production. At 20% solids, the increase of temperature of enzymatic hydrolysis from 50 oC to 70 oC increased glucose concentrations by 34%. The attained maximum glucose concentration of 23.52 g L-1 translates into a glucose recovery efficiency of 46% from the theoretical yield. Following red yeast fermentation, a maximum ethanol concentration of 11 g L-1 was obtained, accounting for a high glucose to ethanol fermentation efficiency of 92%. The overall conversion efficiency of switchgrass to ethanol was 42%.
Improved interfacial bonding of PVC/wood-flour composites by lignin amine modification
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Liu Haibing
Published: July 2023

An activation process involving chitosan was conducted to prepare electroless nickel plated wood veneers for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. In this process Pd(Ⅱ) ions were ed on wood surface modified with chitosan. Then they were reduced and dipped into a plating bath in which Ni-P co-deposition was successfully initiated. The coatings were characterized by SEM-EDS and XRD. The metal deposition, surface , and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness were measured. The morphology of the coating observed by SEM was uniform, compact, and continuous. EDS results showed that the coating consists of 1.8 wt.% phosphorus and 98.2 wt.% nickel. XRD analysis indicated that the coating was crystalline, which is supposed to be related to the low phosphorus content. The plated birch veneers exhibited electro-conductivity with surface resistivity of 0.24 Ω·cm-2 and good electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of over 50 dB in frequency range from10 MHz to 1.5 GHz.
The effects of adhesive ratio and pressure time on some properties of oriented strand board
Authors: Gündüz Gökhan , Yapıcı Fatih , Özçifçi Ayhan , Kalaycıoğlu Hülya
Published: July 2023

This study was carried out to determine the effects of adhesive ratio and pressure time on thickness swelling (TS), internal bond (IB), modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) properties of oriented strand board (OSB). For this purpose, 80 mm long strands made of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were bonded with phenol-formaldehyde resin at three different ratios (3, 4.5, and 6%) to produce three-layer cross-aligned OSBs. Strands used for the production of OSB panels were made up 40% of core layer and 60% of outer layers. The panels were pressed for three different press times, from 3, 5, to 7 minutes, under 0.4 MPa pressure, aiming for a target density of 0.70 g/cm3. TS, IB, MOR, and MOE properties of OSB panels were evaluated according to the standards (TSE EN 117-319-310). Results showed that MOR and MOE values were changed in the ranges 25.31 to 42.27 N/mm2, and 2848.90 to 6545.63 N/mm2, respectively. Also, the results showed that as adhesive ratio and pressure time increased, the TS, MOR, and MOE values increased too.
Comparative study of the 35 ºC sorption isotherms of cork stripped from the tree in 1968 and 2006
Authors: de Palacios Paloma , Esteban Luis G. , Fernández Francisco García , García-Iruela Alberto , González-Adrados José R. , Conde Marta
Published: July 2023

A study was made of the hygroscopicity of two samples of cork with the same characteristics, taken from trees of the same age but with a 38-year gap between debarking. This was achieved by plotting the 35ºC sorption-desorption isotherms and fitting them using the GAB model. Infrared spectra were used to determine any chemical changes in the cell wall. Extended exposure to controlled relative humidity and temperature did not cause hygroscopic changes to the cork. The equilibrium moisture content values were not significantly different in the two samples, but the monolayer saturation moisture content values were significantly lower in the older cork. This may be due to partial saturation of the moisture sorptive sites in the cell wall over time.
Traducción y validez del Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale Fearlessness About Death en adultos peruanos
Authors: Baños-Chaparro Jonatan , López-Vega Daniel Jesús , Lamas Delgado Fernando , Jacobi-Romero Dante Jesus , Marín-Contreras Johnny , Ynquillay-Lima Paul
Published: July 2023

La teoría interpersonal del suicidio propone que la presencia de una conducta suicida es explicada por el deseo de suicidio y capacidad adquirida en el individuo. La intrepidez ante la muerte es una dimensión de dicha capacidad y es un factor de riesgo potencial del suicidio. El objetivo fue realizar la traducción al español y validación del Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale Fearlessness About Death en adultos peruanos de población general. La metodología del estudio fue transversal con un enfoque cuantitativo e instrumental. Participaron 929 adultos que respondieron la Escala de Capacidad Adquirida para el Suicidio – Intrepidez ante la Muerte (ACSS-FAD). El método de traducción inversa se utilizó para la versión de inglés al español. Los análisis se realizaron a partir de la teoría clásica de los test y teoría de respuesta al ítem. Los resultados indican que la ACSS-FAD evidencia una estructura unidimensional (CFI = .99, RMSEA = .07 [IC 90 %: .06 – .09], SRMR = .03], adecuada confiabilidad (α = .84 y H = .86), invarianza y funcionamiento diferencial del ítem según sexo. Además, todos los ítems discriminaron adecuadamente, y los ítems 5 y 4 fueron los más precisos para medir la intrepidez ante la muerte. En conclusión, la versión en español del ACSS-FAD presenta fuentes de evidencias de validez basadas en el contenido, estructura interna, confiabilidad, invarianza y respuestas del ítem. Se recomienda su uso para la interpretación e inferencia de sus puntuaciones en la evaluación de la intrepidez ante la muerte en población general adulta peruana.
Oído absoluto y sus efectos en actividades musicales: evaluación y autopercepción de estudiantes de Conservatorio
Authors: Laucirica Ana , Quetgles-Roca Bartomeu , Ponsatí Imma
Published: July 2023

Los sistemas de evaluación del oído absoluto (OA) presentan gran variabilidad en su configuración, lo que podría atribuirse a la compleja definición del concepto. También son escasos, y a menudo con resultados contradictorios, los estudios que profundizan en los efectos que produce en la actividad musical. El presente estudio persigue indagar en los sistemas de evaluación del OA y en la autopercepción de un grupo de 23 estudiantes de música de grado profesional con este perfil. Se busca conocer lo siguiente: (a) la intensidad en el ejercicio de diferentes actividades musicales (memorización, improvisación, lectura a primera vista, transporte, afinación, identificación de intervalos y dictado), (b) el comportamiento de su oído al realizarlas y (c) la influencia que el OA ejerce en el desarrollo de estas actividades. En un estudio previo, los estudiantes efectuaron una prueba de OA en la que fueron clasificados con algún tipo (parcial, desplazado y parcial, o Quasi-OA). Posteriormente, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas individuales y semi-estructuradas. Los resultados muestran (a) la coexistencia del oído absoluto y el oído relativo, (b) la autopercepción de los estudiantes de que es el desarrollo del oído relativo, así como la propia experiencia y práctica cotidiana, lo que determina la mayor o menor competencia en la realización de las actividades musicales y (c) que la práctica del instrumento principal también modifica esta competencia en determinadas actividades musicales. En conclusión, estos resultados sugieren elaborar programas de educación auditiva específicos y de mayor calado en los centros de educación musical.
Depresión y aislamiento social en personas mayores, análisis del rol de la participación tecnológica
Authors: Castillo Riquelme Víctor , Cifuentes Aguayo Edgar , Órdenes Órdenes Danitza , Gatica Parra Josefa
Published: July 2023

Objetivo. Este estudio buscó analizar el papel de la participación tecnológica de las personas mayores en Chile en relación a la depresión geriátrica y el aislamiento social. Método. Se realizó un estudio no experimental y correlacional en donde se aplicó la escala de depresión geriátrica (GDS-15), la escala de redes sociales de Lubben (LSNS-6) y una batería de preguntas para medir participación tecnológica en una muestra de 149 personas mayores de la zona centro-sur de Chile. Resultados. Los resultados indican la existencia de una correlación positiva entre participación tecnológica y percepción de redes sociales de apoyo, en particular, las redes de amistades, así como también una correlación negativa con la depresión geriátrica. Las personas mayores que usan internet presentan menores niveles de depresión y un menor riesgo de aislamiento social. Conclusión. La participación tecnológica facilita la preservación de los lazos sociales y promueve la autonomía de las personas mayores, impactando positivamente en los indicadores de depresión y aislamiento. No obstante, la participación tecnológica representa un desafío para las políticas públicas en razón de las brechas que se manifiestan sobre la base del perfil sociocultural y edad de los usuarios.
Discharge Best Practices of High-Risk Infants From Regional Children’s Hospital NICUs
Authors: Bourque Stephanie L. , Machut Kerri Z. , Chuo John , Cohen Susan , Johnson Yvette R. , Nanda Sharmila H. , Parsons Kimberly , Ponzek Rachel ,   Children’s Hospitals Neonatal Consortium Transitions of Care and Follow-up Focus Group
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVES

Lack of discharge preparedness after NICU hospitalization is associated with risk of readmission and parental stress. Complex infants cared for at regional children’s hospital NICUs would benefit from a systematic approach to transition home. Our objective was to identify potential best practices for NICU discharge and examine priorities for incorporating these best practices in regional children’s hospital NICUs.

METHODS

We used techniques from quality improvement, including fish bone and key driver diagrams, yielding 52 potential best practice statements for discharge preparation. Using the modified Delphi method, we surveyed stakeholders on their level of agreement for the statement to be included in the final guideline regarding discharge processes and parental education. Consensus was defined as 85% agreement among respondents. To identify implementation feasibility and understand unit-level priorities, a prioritization and feasibility assessment survey was used to rank the top best practices and performed gap analyses for the first prioritized intervention.

RESULTS

Fifty of the 52 statements met the predefined criteria for consensus. The prioritization survey of potential best practice statements named assessment of families’ social determinants of health with a standardized tool as the top priority among respondents. Conducting gap analyses enabled an understanding of current practice, barriers, and affordances, allowing for implementation planning.

CONCLUSIONS

This multicenter and interdisciplinary expert panel reached a consensus on multiple potential best practices for complex discharge preparation from regional children’s hospital NICUs. Better support for families navigating the complex NICU discharge process has the potential to improve infant health outcomes.
Building School-Academic Partnerships to Implement COVID-19 Testing in Underserved Populations
Authors: Goldman Jennifer L. , Kalu Ibukunoluwa C. , Schuster Jennifer E. , Erickson Tyler , Mast Dana Keener , Zimmerman Kanecia , Benjamin Daniel K. , Kalb Luther G. , Gurnett Christina , Newland Jason G. , Sherby Michael , Godambe Maya , Shinde Nidhi , Watterson Treymayne , Walsh Tyler , Foxe John , Zand Martin , Dewhurst Stephen , Coller Ryan , DeMuri Gregory P. , Archuleta Shannon , Ko Linda K. , Inkelas Moira , Manuel Vladimir , Lee Rebecca , Oh Hyunsung , Murugan Vel , Kramer Joanna , Okihiro May , Gwynn Lisa , Pulgaron Elizabeth , McCulloh Russell , Broadhurst Jana , McDaniels-Davidson Corinne , Kiene Susan , Oren Eyal , Wu Yelena , Wetter David W. , Stump Tammy , Brookhart M. Alan , Fist Alex , Haroz Emily
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVE

In April 2021, the US government made substantial investments in students’ safe return to school by providing resources for school-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mitigation strategies, including COVID-19 diagnostic testing. However, testing uptake and access among vulnerable children and children with medical complexities remained unclear.

METHODS

The Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics Underserved Populations program was established by the National Institutes of Health to implement and evaluate COVID-19 testing programs in underserved populations. Researchers partnered with schools to implement COVID-19 testing programs. The authors of this study evaluated COVID-19 testing program implementation and enrollment and sought to determine key implementation strategies. A modified Nominal Group Technique was used to survey program leads to identify and rank testing strategies to provide a consensus of high-priority strategies for infectious disease testing in schools for vulnerable children and children with medical complexities.

RESULTS

Among the 11 programs responding to the survey, 4 (36%) included prekindergarten and early care education, 8 (73%) worked with socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, and 4 focused on children with developmental disabilities. A total of 81 916 COVID-19 tests were performed. “Adapting testing strategies to meet the needs, preferences, and changing guidelines,” “holding regular meetings with school leadership and staff,” and “assessing and responding to community needs” were identified as key implementation strategies by program leads.

CONCLUSIONS

School-academic partnerships helped provide COVID-19 testing in vulnerable children and children with medical complexities using approaches that met the needs of these populations. Additional work is needed to develop best practices for in-school infectious disease testing in all children.
política social e o conservadorismo econômico
Authors: Passos Luana , Gaiger Silveira Fernando , Domingues Waltenberg Fábio
Published: July 2023

O objetivo do artigo é averiguar se os brasileiros ficaram mais conservadores em termos econômicos, em especial pós 2013, a despeito dos ganhos das gestões de centro-esquerda no campo social. Como metodologia, se apresenta uma análise descritiva de dados de diversas fontes, bem como a revisão da literatura sobre os protestos de 2013. Os resultados, com contribuição a literatura devido amplitude de informações e de abordagem, apontam o avanço da política social com reflexos na queda da pobreza e desigualdade, porém, com retrocessos se consubstanciando na Emenda Constitucional 95 e, nas reformas trabalhista e previdenciária. Em meio à inflexão iniciada com as manifestações de 2013, a conclusão a que se chega é que parece ter havido uma onda de conservadorismo econômico, que teria atingido seu pico em algum momento no quinquênio posterior a 2013.
Mapeamento das pesquisas sobre o mercado de trabalho do serviço social brasileiro
Authors: Moraes Carlos Antonio de Souza , França de Azevedo Luam , Cunha da Silva Laísa
Published: July 2023

A proposta deste artigo consiste em apresentar resultados preliminares de pesquisa sobre o mercado de trabalho do Serviço Social no Brasil. A pesquisa objetiva mapear e analisar a produção bibliográfica relativa ao tema, tendo, como recorte temporal, os anos de 2000 a 2019. Para tanto, recorre à metodologia estado da arte e à técnica de análise de conteúdo temática ou categorial das produções. Os resultados apontam a prevalência de pesquisas desenvolvidas nas regiões Sudeste, Sul e Nordeste do país, pelos Programas de Pós-Graduação da área, com destaque para a PUC/SP, no Sudeste; a PUC/RS, no Sul; e a UFRN e UFPB, no Nordeste; sendo que 81,2% das produções foram publicadas a partir de 2010. Além disso, a concentração das pesquisas, nessas regiões, não tem garantido a predominância de análises agregadas entre elas, ainda assim é possível identificar duas dimensões centrais e interligadas na análise do mercado de trabalho do Serviço Social: i) sua determinação estrutural, vinculada à sociedade do capital e configurada por transformações sócio-políticas e histórico-conjunturais; e ii) suas manifestações objetivas, por meio das áreas de atuação, dos tipos de contrato, dos vínculo(s) de trabalho, do salário, da carga horária de trabalho e dos índices de desemprego, dentre outros.
Retos del Derecho constitucional en el Bicentenario de nuestra Independencia
Authors: Miranda Bonilla Haideer
Published: July 2023

El presente estudio analiza algunos de los principales retos que tiene el derecho constitucional costarricense en el marco de la conmemoración del bicentenario de nuestra independencia, como el fortalecimiento constante del Estado Constitucional de Derecho y de nuestra democracia, la protección de los derechos humanos de las personas mayores a la luz de un envejecimiento activo, el acceso a internet y la disminución de la brecha digital, así como la protección efectiva del ambiente.
Evolución de las políticas públicas y la legislación agraria en Costa Rica
Authors: Bolaños Céspedes Carlos Alberto , Corrales Solis Maria Fernanda
Published: July 2023

En el presente artículo de investigación las personas autoras realizan un estudio histórico- jurídico de las principales políticas públicas agrarias promulgadas por el Estado costarricense desde el año 1821 hasta la actualidad. El análisis se realiza a través del estudio de las principales normas jurídicas de distinto rango emitidas por el Estado, buscando determinar fines y objetivos e intereses de los diferentes sectores de la sociedad de cada época. Adicionalmente se evalúan los efectos e impacto de esas políticas en la realidad agraria y rural del país. En las conclusiones se sintetizan algunas de las principales lecciones que el país ha aprendido o debe atender del camino recorrido y algunas tendencias a futuro.
El papel de la víctima en la tramitación de los procesos por el delito de maltrato: Un análisis sobre su incidencia en la eficacia de la Ley 8589
Authors: Pérez Matamoros Sammy , Silva Gamboa Fabian
Published: July 2023

El presente ensayo pretende abordar las modificaciones que introdujo la Ley 8589 en cuanto al tratamiento procesal de la víctima y su relación con la eficacia en la persecución del delito de maltrato ahí tipificado.
Tensión entre el Tribunal Constitucional polaco y el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea: A propósito de la independencia judicial
Authors: Soto Prats Bárbara
Published: July 2023

Un proceso es justo si un tribunal independiente e imparcial juzga el caso que se le presenta, aunque en la práctica no siempre es así. En el presente ensayo se analiza el caso de Polonia, y se explica cómo su historia ha afectado el principio de independencia judicial. Se expone y critica la posición del Tribunal Constitucional polaco frente a las distintas resoluciones dictadas por el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, que ha ocasionado el aumento de la tensión entre estos tribunales y el cuestionamiento de si Polonia continuará siendo miembro de la Unión Europea.
Consideraciones jurídico-sanitarias en orden al funcionamiento de las macrobióticas en Costa Rica
Authors: Baltodano Beatriz Badilla , Zúñiga Luana Villegas , Madrigal Randall Madrigal
Published: July 2023

Las macrobióticas son establecimientos de gran distribución en el territorio costarricense con una regulación laxa en el ordenamiento jurídico sanitario costarricense. Se presenta la legislación que abarca a estos establecimientos, enfatizando en que su característica permite actividades que pueden potencialmente causar una lesión a la salud pública. Se evidencia relativo descuido u omisión en el cumplimiento de las normas tendientes a proteger la salud en estos lugares.
Caso de la Comunidad Ogiek vs. Kenia, ante la Corte Africana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Rodríguez Villalobos Óscar
Published: July 2023

Se analizará el caso de la Comunidad Ogiek vs. Kenia, expuesto por la Comisión Africana de Derechos Humanos y de los Pueblos ante la Corte Africana de Derechos Humanos (...)
Juan Rafael Chacón Solares (1894-1982): las esculturas religiosas de un artista secular
Authors: Bonilla Soto Luis Carlos
Published: July 2023

El artículo identifica obras de imaginería religiosa existentes en la Arquidiócesis de San José creadas por Juan Rafael Chacón Solares o que pueden ser atribuidas a su manufactura. El estudio se realiza por medio de tres acciones fundamentales: 1. Determinación de rasgos estilísticos del artista que posibilitan la atribución de autoría; 2. Levantamiento de un listado de las obras atribuibles al artista Juan Rafael Chacón; 3. Descripción del estado de conservación y riesgos que amenazan las obras existentes del escultor en las iglesias de la Arquidiócesis de San José.
Synthesis and Characterization of 1-(1-naphthyl)-5-phenyl-2,4-pentadien-1-one from trans-cinnamaldehyde and 1-acetonaphthone
Authors: Fitria Dori , Ardiansah Bayu , Balkis Atia
Published: July 2023

Chalcone analogues (1-(1-naphthyl)-5-phenyl-2,4-pentadiene-1-one) have been synthesized through an aldol condensation reaction between cinnamaldehyde and 1-acetylnaphthalene. The method used in this study is the stirrer method, with the reaction conducted at room temperature for 24 hours using a NaOH catalyst in H2O/ethanol (50%, v/v). The purity of the product was analyzed using thin-layer chromatography on silica gel plates with n-hexane: ethyl acetate (9:1) employed as the solvent. The resulting product obtained was 0.88 g with a yield of 61.97%. Structure Analysis and elucidation of the synthesized compounds were performed by measuring the vibrations of the functional groups using FTIR, LCMSMS analysis, and determining the 1H and 13C atoms by HNMR and CNMR analysis. The FTIR, LCMSMS, 1H, and 13C NMR analysis identified that the synthesized product as chalcone analogues, specifically 1-(1-naphthyl)-5-phenyl-2,4-pentadiene-1-one.
Synthesis, Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Chitosan-ZnO/CuO Nanoparticles Film and Its Biological Evaluation as An Antibacterial Agent of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Fatoni Ahmad , Hasanah Mauizatul , Sirumapea Lasmaryna , Putri Annisa Defanie , Sari Khoirunnisa , Khairani Restu Dwi , Hidayati Nurlisa
Published: July 2023

The polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan-ZnO/CuO nanoparticles film was researched. Synthesis, characterization, and its biological evaluation as an antibacterial of Staphylococcus aureus were the aims of this research. The biosynthesis of ZnO, CuO, and ZnO/CuO nanoparticles was done using the biological method. The polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan-ZnO/CuO nanoparticles film was synthesized using the casting method. All the products were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan-ZnO/CuO nanoparticles film as a paper disk for the evaluation as an antibacterial agent through the agar disk diffusion method. The absorption bands of ZnO, CuO, and ZnO/CuO nanoparticles can be observed at 318, 274, and 252 nm, respectively. The peaks at wavenumbers 433-673 and 619 cm-1 were Zn-O and Cu-O groups, respectively. The Zn-O and Cu-O groups at ZnO/CuO nanoparticles can be observed at 474 and 619 cm-1. The appearance of Zn-O and Cu-O groups at film PVA-chitosan-ZnO/CuO nanoparticles indicates the wavenumber between 433 and 673 cm-1. The physical structure of ZnO, CuO, and ZnO/CuO nanoparticles is crystalline form. The crystallite size of ZnO, CuO, and ZnO/CuO nanoparticles was estimated at 1.0572, 6.6315, and 2.3333 nm respectively. The physical structure of film PVA-chitosan-ZnO/CuO nanoparticles is amorphous. The surface morphology of films C, D, and E was affected by the addition of chitosan and ZnO/CuO nanoparticles. The film of PVA-chitosan-ZnO/CuO nanoparticles (C, D and E) can act as an antibaterial agent of Staphylococcus aureus.The inhibition zone of film D is higher than A, B, C, and E.
Effect of Low Solid/Liquid Ratio on Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite with Green Template from Banana Flower (Musa acuminata Cavendish)
Authors: Irwansyah Ferli Septi , Amal Alfi Ikhlasul , Hadisantoso Eko Prabowo , Noviyanti Atiek Rostika , Eddy Diana Rakhmawaty , Ma'Amor Azman Bin , Risdiana Risdiana
Published: July 2023

Hydroxyapatite (HA) was successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method. This study aimed to analyze the effect of a low solid/liquid ratio on the properties of HA crystals. HA synthesis was performed using chicken eggshells and the hydrothermal method at a temperature of 150°C. The solvent amount was kept constant, while the solid amount varied (half-reaction). The characteristics of HA were determined using XRD, FTIR, PSA, and SEM. The results showed that the purity and size of HA were influenced by a low solid/liquid ratio, while the crystallinity remained relatively unchanged, directly impacting the lattice parameter value. FTIR analysis revealed the absence of the O-H group in the sample with the low solid/liquid ratio. PSA results showed a smaller particle size of 0.995 µm for the sample with the low solid/liquid ratio. SEM results demonstrated a smaller particle size in the sample with a low solid/liquid ratio when observed at the same magnification
On Reducing Occupational Fraud Risk in SMEs: Recommendations
Authors: Śmiałek-Liszczyńska Paulina
Published: July 2023

Objective: To propose recommendations for SMEs interested in reducing the occupational fraud risk.Research Design & Methods: The study is based on an analysis of the relevant literature, reports on fraud, the author’s own preliminary research, and an analysis of court case files pertaining to occupational fraud.Findings: Occupational fraud in SMEs in Poland is largely detected by accident, as a result of a job rotation or changes in internal procedures, whereas the most popular detection method applied by enterprises in general are routine internal audits (as a global report on fraud indicates).Implications / Recommendations: The risk of occupational fraud in the SME sector cannot be completely eliminated, but measures can be implemented to reduce its occurrence. These can be divided into soft measures (taking care of ethics at every juncture) and hard measures (facilitating the reporting of occupational fraud).Contribution: The paper indicates ways of detecting occupational fraud in SMEs in Poland and, based on these observations, proposes recommendations for reducing the risk of occupational fraud in companies in this sector.
Analiza determinantów struktury kapitału małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw należących do sektora handlowego
Authors: Kędzior Dorota , Kędzior Marcin
Published: July 2023

Objective: To verify the capital structure and the factors shaping it for commercial enterprises in the SME sector.Research Design & Methods: A critical analysis of the literature and an analysis of statistical data using a mixed linear model.Findings: The analysis shows the influence of factors including the structure of assets, age and size of the enterprise.Implications / Recommendations: In the period analysed (2018–2020), long-term debt was characterised by volatility, while in the pandemic years it increased slightly in most activities in the trade sector. In turn, short-term debt increased in 2018–2019, while in 2020 it decreased. The structure of assets, age and enterprise size should be considered the most important factors influencing both short- and long-term debt. SMEs create a capital structure based on pecking order theory.Contribution: The study of the capital structure of SMEs in the commercial sector is one of the first studies of its kind in the Polish literature. It empirically verifies the most important theories on capital structure in the context of commercial companies. A similar verification of capital structure factors in the sector was also done.
New Personalities of Participants of the Russian Secret Societies of the 1810s–1820s: Touches to the Traditional Picture of the Decembrist Movement
Authors: Ilyin Pavel
Published: July 2023

This article presents the results of the study of the composition of secret societies and the military conspiracy of the Decembrists conducted by the author over 20 years. One of the main tasks of this work was to identify the unknown Decembrists who remained unnoticed during the government investigation and, for the most part, in historiography. The article considers members of secret societies and participants of the military uprisings of 1825–1826, little-known in literature and never previously identified. The relevance and academic significance of the reconstruction based on the extant source data consists in the development of existing ideas about the Decembrist movement. The author clarifies insufficiently studied specific episodes of the history of secret societies, adjusting the biographies of identified participants, including those known in a general historical context. The article examines the personalities of the newly identified members of secret societies (K. M. Poltoratsky, S. S. Lanskoy, I. M. Lyubovsky, P. A. Nabokov, F. S. Panyutin). The affiliation of the personalities considered to conspiratorial unions is associated with issues little-studied in the history of Decembrism: the involvement of persons endowed with high official status and public authority in the movement, the spread of the Decembrist society among provincial officials, the involvement in the movement of regimental commanders, who the initiators of the “southern uprising” (Chernigov regiment) relied on in their plans. Other cases discussed in the article explore the participation in Decembrist unions of representatives of the capital’s merchants, and naval officers, unnoticed by the investigation of the participants in the St Petersburg conspiracy of 1825. Special attention is paid to the evidence base; the author evaluates the reliability of documentary indications, verifies them against other evidence, and reveals the channels for obtaining information to the authors of the evidence, which makes it possible to conclude that the affiliation of identified persons with the Decembrist societies is substantiated by documents.
Nationalist Conflict in the Medical Corporation of Yekaterinburg: A Case Study in the Early Twentieth-Century Crisis
Authors: Chernoukhov Eduard
Published: July 2023

The two-year confrontation in the Ural Medical Society (hereinafter – UMS) in Yekaterinburg in 1905–1907 has not been an object of scholarly analysis previously. This is largely due to the religious aspect, i. e. the withdrawal of all Jewish doctors from the organization. The reconstruction of contradictions in the corporate medical environment of Yekaterinburg relied on the historical-genetic method within the framework of anthropologically oriented history. For information about the participants in the conflict, the author refers to a consolidated database created by him on doctors who served in Perm province. New documents from periodical press and archival funds play an essential role in understanding certain aspects of the confrontation. The article restores a complex of interconnected objective and subjective contradictions in the medical corporation of Yekaterinburg in the early twentieth century, which was aggravated during the revolutionary upheavals of 1905–1907. The determining factor for the beginning of the confrontation in the spring of 1905 was the actual erosion of the basic principle behind the UMS, which was its being apolitical. It was consistently observed starting with the establishment of the organization, which led to a deterioration in relations between its long-standing members. At the heart of acute political and interpersonal disagreements were different ideas of UMS members on national healthcare. They naturally aggravated during revolutionary upheavals and an oversaturation of the doctor “market” in Yekaterinburg. The peak of the growing confrontation was an unexpected scandal for the participants in the spring of 1906. It unfolded because of the intolerant wording in a letter asking for help with finding a qualified ophthalmologist for the eye clinic created in Yekaterinburg. Some of the members of the UMS extremely painfully perceived the harsh assessments of the ambiguous act of A. A. Mislavsky, the oldest honorary doctor of Yekaterinburg. As a result, the anti-Semitic component became not an “unfortunate misunderstanding” but a large-scale exacerbation in the long-term confrontation. In addition, the search for reasonable compromises that had begun was interrupted by external interference, which led to a new round of conflict. As a result, a large-scale confrontation in the UMS, during which its leadership changed three times, ended in considerable losses in 1907. A logical consequence was the return to apoliticism as the basic principle of UMS’s activity.
Demons and Heretics in Transitional Culture: Historical-Literary and Attitudinal Contexts in a Research Perspective
Authors: Beliakova Elena , Zhurova Liudmila , Kostromin Konstantin , Pigin Alexander , Soboleva Larisa
Published: July 2023

The actualization of the study of the irrational in the interpretation of man and communication with society in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries can be explained by modern ideas about the limitless incognizability of the phenomenon of life. Rational knowledge is accompanied by knowledge of the exceptional significance of the belief in the influence of otherworldliness for certain periods of history when the totality of conflicts, clashes, and features in people’s behavior is explained through an appeal to images of demonic properties. Historians, philologists, and theologians from various Russian academic centers discuss the representation of “otherworldliness” and the prospects of its study. The panelists discuss the studies of the functional properties of otherworldliness in various spheres of life and art and its manifestation in the genres of oral and written literature. Finally, they put forward ideas about the further directions of scholarly research in the sphere.
Anti-Brucella spp. antibodies in working equids in a semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Costa Paulo Wbiratan Lopes da , Oliveira Clarisse Silva de Menezes , Santos Antonielson dos , Alvares Felipe Boniedj Ventura , Feitosa Thais Ferreira , Vilela Vinícius Longo Ribeiro
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT: The present study described the prevalence and factors associated with the seropositivity for anti-Brucella spp. antibodies in working equids in the semiarid regionofnortheastern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 322 equids (76 horses, 155 mules and 91 donkeys). The Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) was used as a screening method. Samples that were reactive in the RBPT were tested for confirmation using 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) and the standard tube agglutination test (STAT). Overall, 7.1% (23/322) of the samples were positive according to the RBPT. After confirmatory tests, the prevalence of brucellosis was found to be 6.5% (21/322). Among these cases, 33.3% (7/21) were horses, 42.8% (9/21) were mules and 23.9% (5/21) were donkeys. In the multivariate analysis, age over 10 years was considered to be a factor associated with the seropositivity (OR: 17.17; 95% CI: 2.582-164.7, P = 0.006) for anti-Brucella spp. antibodies. The significant prevalence of anti-Brucella spp. antibodies found in working equids and the wide distribution of positive animals demonstrates a worrying epidemiological situation regarding brucellosis in the study region. Age over 10 years was a risk factor associated with the seropositivity for anti-Brucella spp. antibodies in animals.
Mortalidade por hepatites no Brasil e regiões, 2001–2020: tendência temporal e análise espacial
Authors: Sousa Laryssa Fialho de Oliveira , Santos Evelen Rouse de Souza , Oliveira Rayssa Mendonça , Andrade Renata Lima Batalha , Batista Jefferson Felipe Calazans , Lima Sonia Oliveira
Published: July 2023

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição espacial e a tendência temporal da taxa de mortalidade por hepatites no Brasil no período de 2001 a 2020. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, temporal e espacial sobre a mortalidade por hepatites no Brasil com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM/Datasus). As informações foram estratificadas por ano do diagnóstico, região do país, municípios (de residência). Foram calculadas as taxas padronizadas de mortalidade (TPM). A tendência temporal foi estimada pela regressão de Prais-Winsten e a distribuição espacial pelo Índice Global de Moran (IGM). Resultados: As maiores médias da TPM no Brasil foram para hepatite viral crônica, com 0,88 mortes para cada 100 mil habitantes (desvio padrão — DP=0,16), seguida de outras hepatites virais, com 0,22/100 mil (DP=0,11). No Brasil, a tendência temporal da mortalidade por hepatite A foi de −8,11% ao ano (intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% −9,38; −6,82), enquanto por hepatite B foi de −4,13% (IC95% −6,03; −2,20); de outras hepatites virais, foi de −7,84% (IC95% −14,11; −1,11) e de hepatite não especificada, de −5,67% ao ano (IC95% −6,22; −5,10). A mortalidade por hepatite viral crônica cresceu 5,74% (IC95%3,47; 8,06) no norte e 4,95% no nordeste (IC95% 0,27; 9,85). O Índice de Moran (I) para hepatite A foi de 0,470 (p<0,001), para hepatite B de 0,846 (p<0,001), hepatite viral crônica=0,666 (p<0,001), outras hepatites virais=0,713 (p<0,001) e hepatites não especificadas=0,712 (p<0,001). Conclusão: A tendência temporal das hepatites A, B, de outras hepatites virais e das não especificadas foi de diminuição no Brasil, enquanto a mortalidade por hepatites crônicas foi de crescimento nas Regiões Norte e Nordeste.