bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Binding of Filamentous Actin to CaMKII as Potential Regulation Mechanism of Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity by β CaMKII in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells
Authors: Pinto Thiago M. , Schilstra Maria J. , Roque Antonio C. , Steuber Volker
Published: June 2020

Calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) regulates many forms of synaptic plasticity, but little is known about its functional role during plasticity induction in the cerebellum. Experiments have indicated that the β isoform of CaMKII controls the bidirectional inversion of plasticity at parallel fibre (PF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synapses in cerebellar cortex. Because the cellular events that underlie these experimental findings are still poorly understood, we developed a simple computational model to investigate how β CaMKII regulates the direction of plasticity in cerebellar PCs. We present the first model of AMPA receptor phosphorylation that simulates the induction of long-term depression (LTD) and potentiation (LTP) at the PF-PC synapse. Our simulation results suggest that the balance of CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation and protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B)-mediated dephosphorylation of AMPA receptors can determine whether LTD or LTP occurs in cerebellar PCs. The model replicates experimental observations that indicate that β CaMKII controls the direction of plasticity at PF-PC synapses, and demonstrates that the binding of filamentous actin to CaMKII can enable the β isoform of the kinase to regulate bidirectional plasticity at these synapses.
AFM Imaging of Protein Aggregation in Studying the Impact of Knotted Electromagnetic Field on A Peroxidase
Authors: Ivanov Yuri D. , Pleshakova Tatyana O. , Shumov Ivan D. , Kozlov Andrey F. , Ivanova Irina A. , Valueva Anastasia A. , Tatur Vadim Yu. , Smelov Mikhail V. , Ivanova Nina D. , Ziborov Vadim S.
Published: June 2020

The phenomenon of knotted electromagnetic field (KEMF) is now actively studied, as such fields are characterized by a nontrivial topology. The research in this field is mainly aimed at technical applications – for instance, the development of efficient communication systems. Until present, however, the influence of KEMF on biological objects (including enzyme systems) was not considered. Herein, we have studied the influence of KEMF on the aggregation and enzymatic activity of a protein with the example of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The test HRP solution was irradiated in KEMF (the radiation power density was 10−12 W/cm2 at 2.3 GHz frequency) for 40 min. After the irradiation, the aggregation of HRP was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) at the single-molecule level. The enzymatic activity was monitored by conventional spectrophotometry. It has been demonstrated that an increased aggregation of HRP, adsorbed on the AFM substrate surface, was observed after irradiation of the protein sample in KEMF with low (10−12 W/cm2) radiation power density; at the same time, the enzymatic activity remained unchanged. The results obtained herein can be used in the development of models describing the interaction of enzymes with electromagnetic field. The obtained data can also be of importance considering possible pathological factors that can take place upon the influence of KEMF on biological objects— for instance, changes in hemodynamics due to increased protein aggregation are possible; the functionality of protein complexes can also be affected by aggregation of their protein subunits. These effects should also be taken into account in the development of novel highly sensitive systems for human serological diagnostics of breast cancer, prostate cancer, brain cancer and other oncological pathologies, and for diagnostics of diseases in animals, and crops.
General and feature-based semantic representations in the semantic network
Authors: Liuzzi Antonietta Gabriella , Aglinskas Aidas , Fairhall Scott Laurence
Published: June 2020

How semantic representations are manifest over the brain remains a topic of active debate. A semantic representation may be determined by specific semantic features (e.g. sensorimotor information), or may abstract away from specific features and represent generalized semantic characteristics (general semantic representation). Here we tested whether nodes of the semantic system code for a general semantic representation and/or possess representational spaces linked to particular semantic features. In an fMRI study, eighteen participants performed a typicality judgment task with written words ﻿drawn from sixteen different categories. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and representational similarity analysis (RSA) were adopted to investigate the sensitivity of the brain regions to semantic content and the type of semantic representation coded (general or feature-based). We replicated previous findings of sensitivity to general semantic similarity in posterior middle/inferior temporal gyrus (pMTG/ITG) and precuneus (PC) and additionally observed general semantic representations in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (PFC). Finally, two brain regions of the semantic network were sensitive to semantic features: the left pMTG/ITG was sensitive to haptic perception and the left ventral temporal cortex (VTC) to size. This finding supports the involvement of both general semantic representation and feature-based representations in the brain’s semantic system.
Challenging human somatic testicular cell reassembly by protein kinase inhibition –setting up a functional in vitro test system
Authors: Mincheva M. , Wistuba J. , Brenker C. , Schlatt S.
Published: June 2020

Signalling pathways and cellular interactions defining initial processes of testis morphogenesis, i.e. cord formation, are poorly understood. In vitro cell-based systems modelling cord formation can be utilised as platforms to interrogate processes of tubulogenesis. We aimed at testing our established cord formation in vitro model using adult human testicular cells as a quantitative assay that can facilitate future studies on cord morphogenesis. We challenged the responsiveness of our system with a broad-spectrum protein kinase inhibitor, K252a. Cultured testicular cells were treated with various K252a concentrations under constant exposure and compound withdrawal. To quantify cell reaggregation changes, we performed computer-assisted phase-contrast image analysis of aggregate size and number. Cell reaggregation was analysed in detail by categorisation of aggregates into size groups and accounting for changes in aggregate number per size category. We found a dose-related disturbance of testicular cell reaggregation. K252a decreased aggregate size (IC50 of 203.3 nM) and reduced the large aggregate numbers. Video recordings revealed that treatment with K252a at a concentration above IC50 interfered with aggregate coalescence into cords. Short-term exposure and compound wash-out induced irreversible decrease in large aggregates. We propose our in vitro model as a functional platform to quantitatively investigate seminiferous tubulogenesis under pharmacological impact.
Good performance of turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri) on pelleted diet as a step towards husbandry standardization
Authors: Žák Jakub , Dyková Iva , Reichard Martin
Published: June 2020

Dietary alteration is one of the most universally effective aging interventions, making its standardization a fundamental need for model organisms in aging. In this dietetic study we address the current lack of standardized formulated diet for turquoise killifishNothobranchius furzeri– a promising model organism. We first demonstrated thatN. furzerican be fully weaned at the onset of puberty onto a commercially available pelleted diet as the sole nutrition when kept in social tanks. We then compared nine somatic and six reproductive parameters between fish fed a typical laboratory diet - frozen chironomid larvae (bloodworms) and fish weaned from bloodworms to BioMar pellets. Both dietary groups had comparable somatic and reproductive performance. There was no difference between diet groups in adult body size, specific growth rate, condition or extent of hepatocellular vacuolation. Fish fed a pelleted diet had higher juvenile body mass and more visceral fat. Pellet-fed males had lower liver mass and possessed a lipid type of hepatocellular vacuolation instead of the prevailing glycogen-like vacuolation in the bloodworm-fed group. No considerable effect was found on reproductive parameters. The negligible differences between dietary groups and good acceptance of pellets indicate their suitability as a useful starting point for the development of standardized diet forNothobranchius furzeri.
Decrease in waist-to-hip ratio reduced the development of chronic kidney disease in non-obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Chon Young Eun , Kim Hyung Jong , Choi Yu Bum , Hwang Seong Gyu , Rim Kyu Sung , Kim Mi Na , Lee Joo Ho , Ha Yeonjung , Lee Mi Jung
Published: June 2020

To date, there are few studies that have evaluated the prognostic impact of changes in abdominal obesity or weight on long-term adverse kidney outcomes in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the effect of changes in waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body weight (BW) on chronic kidney disease (CKD) development, especially in non-obese NAFLD patients. We included 6,137 participants from a community-based prospective cohort with 12-year follow-up in Korea. NAFLD patients were categorized according to time-averaged percent changes in WHR and BW (≤−5%, >−5% to <5%, and ≥5%). Compared to non-obese controls, non-obese NAFLD was significantly associated with an increased risk of incident CKD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.238, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.006–1.524). In 1,563 NAFLD patients, compared to patients with minimal changes in WHR (>−5% to <5%), patients with a decreased WHR (≤−5%) had a significantly attenuated risk of CKD development (HR = 0.300; 95% CI = 0.194–0.464). Furthermore, risk reduction from decreased WHR for developing CKD remained significant in non-obese NAFLD patients (HR = 0.290; 95% CI = 0.114–0.736). In conclusion, a decrease in WHR of more than 5% significantly reduced the risk of CKD development in NAFLD patients, even in those who were non-obese. Thus, serial monitoring of WHR may be prioritized in the management of NAFLD.
A 338-year tree-ring oxygen isotope record from Thai teak captures the variations in the Asian summer monsoon system
Authors: Pumijumnong Nathsuda , Bräuning Achim , Sano Masaki , Nakatsuka Takeshi , Muangsong Chotika , Buajan Supaporn
Published: June 2020

A 338-year oxygen isotope record from teak tree-ring cellulose collected from Mae Hong Son province in northwestern Thailand was presented. The tree-ring series preserves the isotopic signal of the regional wet season rainfall and relative humidity. Tree-ring δ18O correlates strongly with regional rainfall from May to October, showing coherent variations over large areas in Southeast Asia. We reconstructed the summer monsoon season (May to October) rainfall based on a linear regression model that explained 35.2% of the actual rainfall variance. Additionally, we found that in the 19th century, there was a remarkable drought during many years that corresponded to regional historic drought events. The signals of the June to September Indian summer monsoon (ISM) for the period between 1948 and 2009 were clearly found. Spatial correlations and spectral analyses revealed a strong impact of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on tree-ring δ18O. However, ENSO influenced the tree-ring δ18O more strongly in the 1870–1906, 1907–1943, and 1944–1980 periods than in the 1981–2015 period, which corresponded to periods of weaker and stronger ISM intensity.
Evaluation of anti-biofilm activity of acidic amino acids and synergy with ciprofloxacin on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms
Authors: Warraich Annsar A. , Mohammed Afzal R. , Perrie Yvonne , Hussain Majad , Gibson Hazel , Rahman Ayesha
Published: June 2020

Acidic amino acids, aspartic acid (Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu) can enhance the solubility of many poorly soluble drugs including ciprofloxacin (Cip). One of the mechanisms of resistance within a biofilm is retardation of drug diffusion due to poor penetration across the matrix. To overcome this challenge, this work set to investigate novel counter ion approach with acidic amino acids, which we hypothesised will disrupt the biofilm matrix as well as simultaneously improve drug effectiveness. The anti-biofilm activity of D-Asp and D-Glu was studied on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Synergistic effect of combining D-amino acids with Cip was also investigated as a strategy to overcome anti-microbial resistance in these biofilms. Interestingly at equimolar combinations, D-Asp and D-Glu were able to significantly disperse (at 20 mM and 40 mM) established biofilms and inhibit (at 10 mM, 20 mM and 40 mM) new biofilm formation in the absence of an antibiotic. Moreover, our study confirmed L-amino acids also exhibit anti-biofilm activity. The synergistic effect of acidic amino acids with Cip was observed at lower concentration ranges (<40 mM amino acids and <90.54 µM, respectively), which resulted in 96.89% (inhibition) and 97.60% (dispersal) reduction in CFU with exposure to 40 mM amino acids. Confocal imaging indicated that the amino acids disrupt the honeycomb-like extracellular DNA (eDNA) meshwork whilst also preventing its formation.
Synthesis and SERS application of gold and iron oxide functionalized bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (Au@Fe3O4@BCNCs)
Authors: Kang Seju , Rahman Asifur , Boeding Ethan , Vikesland Peter J.
Published: June 2020

Bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs) are biocompatible cellulose nanomaterials that can host guest nanoparticles to form hybrid nanocomposites with a wide range of applications.
A red-emissive D–A–D type fluorescent probe for lysosomal pH imaging
Authors: Li Lingling , Xiong Zhi , Dang Yijing , Li Yang , Zhang Ao , Ding Chunyong , Xu Zhiai , Zhang Wen
Published: June 2020

A D–A–D type fluorescent probe with red-emission for lysosomal pH imaging was developed.
Rational design of minimum CRISPR guide RNA by site-specific Cas9–RNA conjugation
Authors: Ling Xinyu , Gao Xiaoqin , Chang Liying , Chen Heqi , Shi Xiaomeng , Liu Tao
Published: June 2020

Site-specific Cas9–crRNA conjugation reduces the synthetic burden of customized guide RNA.
Sn(salen)-derived SnS nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon for high performance lithium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Jin Aihua , Kang Narae , Um Ji Hyun , Ko In-Hwan , Kim Min-Seob , Kim Kookhan , Kim So Hee , Yu Seung-Ho , Sung Yung-Eun
Published: June 2020

SnS nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon are prepared by using Sn(salen) and exhibited outstanding electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries.
A dendrite-free and stable anode for high-performance Li–O2 batteries by prestoring Li in reduced graphene oxide coated three-dimensional nickel foam
Authors: Zhao Huimin , Ma Yiru , Qi Haocheng , Xiao Zhenyu , Lin Haifeng , Liu Jie , Guo Ziyang , Wang Lei , Feng Shouhua
Published: June 2020

GO modified Ni foam is used as a host to construct a Li/rGO-Ni electrode, which suppresses dimensional changes and Li dendrites.
Designed synthesis of WC-based nanocomposites as low-cost, efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Lv Zepeng , Liu Dong , Tian Weiqian , Dang Jie
Published: June 2020

In this study, effectively conductive rGO (reduced graphene oxide) was used as the supporter both to promote charge transfer and to refine particle size of WC, to realize efficient and stable HER performance.
Analytical magnetostatic model for 2D arrays of interacting magnetic nanowires and nanotubes
Authors: Velázquez-Galván Yenni , Encinas Armando
Published: June 2020

Inhibition of the easy axis reorientation transition in nanotubes when the tube wall thickness decreases.
Stability and gas sensing properties of Ta2X3M8 (X = Pd, Pt; M = S, Se) nanoribbons: a first-principles investigation
Authors: Sukhanova Ekaterina V. , Visotin Maxim A. , Popov Zakhar I. , Sorokin Pavel B.
Published: June 2020

The chemical stability and gas sensing properties of a new perspective 1D nanomaterial, Ta2(Pd/Pt)3(S/Se)8 nanoribbons are investigated by ab initio calculations.
Grand canonical simulations of ions between charged conducting surfaces using exact 3D Ewald summations
Authors: Stenberg Samuel , Stenqvist Björn , Woodward Cliff , Forsman Jan
Published: June 2020

We present a useful methodology to simulate ionic fluids confined by two charged and perfectly conducting surfaces.
Ion and water transport reasonably involves rotation and pseudorotation: measurement and modeling the temperature dependence of small-angle neutron scattering from aqueous SrI2
Authors: Rubinson Kenneth A. , Mountain Raymond D.
Published: June 2020

SrI2 ions at 0.8 M in water are present with a structure that can scatter neutrons, and, within experimental uncertainty, the structure does not change between 10 °C and 90 °C, showing an organization that must be reconciled with ionic transport.
Integrating chemical engineering and crystallographic texturing design strategy for the realization of practically viable lead-free sodium bismuth titanate-based incipient piezoceramics
Authors: Bai Wangfeng , Zhao Xinyu , Huang Yanwei , Ding Yuqin , Wang Leijie , Zheng Peng , Li Peng , Zhai Jiwei
Published: June 2020

Realization of practically viable lead-free sodium bismuth titanate-based incipient piezoceramicsviathe integration of chemical engineering and crystallographic texturing design strategies for high-efficiency actuator applications.
Facile synthesis of Co3−xMnxO4/C nanocages as an efficient sulfur host for lithium–sulfur batteries with enhanced rate performance
Authors: Zhang Zexian , Zhou Shiyuan , Mei Tao , Gou Yanzhuo , Xie Fanxuan , Liu Chengcheng , Wang Xianbao
Published: June 2020

Capacity reduction mainly caused by the shuttle effect and low conductivity restricts the commercial application of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs).
A brain tumor-homing tetra-peptide delivers a nano-therapeutic for more effective treatment of a mouse model of glioblastoma
Authors: Kang Rae Hyung , Jang Jeong-Eun , Huh Eugene , Kang Seong Jae , Ahn Dae-Ro , Kang Jae Seung , Sailor Michael J. , Yeo Seung Geun , Oh Myung Sook , Kim Dokyoung , Kim Hyo Young
Published: June 2020

A new glioblastoma (GBM) targeting peptide is developed and successfully demonstrated the delivery of a nano-therapeutic.
A naphthalimide-based fluorescent probe for the highly sensitive and selective detection of nerve agent mimic DCP in solution and vapor phase
Authors: Xu Hui , Zhang Han , Zhao Lei , Peng Cheng , Liu Guohua , Cheng Tanyu
Published: June 2020

The fluorescent probe for DCP displays excellent selectivity and sensitivity with a low detection limit of 5.5 nM in DMF.
Rhodium porphyrin molecule-based catalysts for the hydrogenation of biomass derived levulinic acid to biofuel additive γ-valerolactone
Authors: Anjali Kaiprathu , Venkatesha Naragalu J. , Christopher Jayaraj , Sakthivel Ayyamperumal
Published: June 2020

RhTPP and RhTCPP were prepared and utilized for the conversion of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone and the reaction mechanism was proposed.
Crosslinking modification of a porous metal–organic framework (UIO-66) and hydrogen storage properties
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Liu Jin , Li Zhen , Wang Xianbiao , Wang Ping , Wang Di , Zhang Fengjun
Published: June 2020

A crosslinked MOF material UIO-66-DETA-CL is synthesized, and has stronger thermal performance and hydrogen storage performance than before crosslinking.
Tunable anisotropic plasmon response of monolayer GeSe nanoribbon arrays
Authors: He Weibao , Chen Haitao , Ouyang Hao , Zhou Junhu , Sui Yizhen , Zhang Chenxi , Zheng Xin , Zhang Renyan , Yuan Xiaoming , Xu Zhongjie , Cheng Xiang'ai
Published: June 2020

Highly anisotropic localized plasmon response of emerging 2D material GeSe nanoribbons and their tunability are comprehensively investigated.
Time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy for monitoring the stability and dissolution behaviour of upconverting nanocrystals with different surface coatings
Authors: Andresen Elina , Würth Christian , Prinz Carsten , Michaelis Matthias , Resch-Genger Ute
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate the potential of time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy for the straightforward assessment and in situ monitoring of the stability of upconversion nanocrystals (UCNPs).
A magnetic solder for assembling bulk covalent adaptable network blocks
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Zhang Yubai , Wu Yahe , Yang Yang , Chen Qiaomei , Liang Huan , Wei Yen , Ji Yan
Published: June 2020

Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) can be reprocessed and recycled relying on reversible covalent bond structures. Magnetic solders enable flexibly welding of bulk CAN blocks by the magnetothermal effect induced bond exchange reactions.
Boosting photocatalytic H2O2 production by coupling of sulfuric acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid incorporated polyaniline with g-C3N4
Authors: Yang Hao-Dong , Huang Jun-Hao , Shibata Kengo , Lu Daling , Maeda Kazuhiko , Hu Chechia
Published: June 2020

In this study, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, CN) was decorated with polyaniline (PANI), which was incorporated with inorganic (H2SO4) and organic (5-sulfosalicylic acid, SSA) acids for photocatalytic H2O2 production under simulated solar irradiation.
Stress driven fractionalization of vacancies in regular packings of elastic particles
Authors: Yao Zhenwei
Published: June 2020

Stress-driven fractionalization of vacancy found in this work could create rich modes of interaction between vacancies and other defects.
Embellishing bis-1,2,4-triazole with four nitroamino groups: advanced high-energy-density materials with remarkable performance and good stability
Authors: Lang Qing , Sun Qi , Wang Qian , Lin Qiuhan , Lu Ming
Published: June 2020

Tetranitroamino HEDMs based on bis-triazole with comparable performance to CL-20 (D: 9421 and 9609 m s−1) and superior stability.
Can perovskite inspired bismuth halide nanocrystals outperform their lead counterparts?
Authors: Reddy Sathy Harshavardhan , Sumukam Ranadeep Raj , Murali Banavoth
Published: June 2020

In the quest for finding non-toxic and stable lead-free perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), bismuth halide perovskites (BHP) have emerged as a promising alternative. This perspective presents an overview, challenges, and future opportunities in BHP NCs.
Efficient enzyme-activated therapy based on the different locations of protein and prodrug in nanoMOFs
Authors: Wang Fan , Yang Jian , Li Yongsheng , Zhuang Qixin , Gu Jinlou
Published: June 2020

Hierarchically porous nanoMOFs were successfully utilized for the separated encapsulation of enzyme and prodrug for the in situ generation of cytotoxic species in cancer.
High-performance transparent conductive pyrolyzed carbon (Py-C) ultrathin film
Authors: Pal Monalisa , Lee Gilwoon , Giri Anupam , Thiyagarajan Kaliannan , Baek Kangkyun , Kumar Manish , Jeong Unyong
Published: June 2020

This study proposes a substrate independent, large-area synthesis strategy for pyrolyzed carbon (Py-C) ultrathin films directly on various target substrates. The Py-C film has opto-electro-mechanical properties comparable to those of graphene. We demonstrated a highly flexible pixelated display composed of the Py-C film. The Py-C film showed remarkable performance as a protective layer against Cu oxidation and the chemical etching of ITO.
Facile green synthesis of ZnInS quantum dots: temporal evolution of their optical properties and cell viability against normal and cancerous cells
Authors: Zikalala Nkosingiphile , Parani Sundararajan , Tsolekile Ncediwe , Oluwafemi Oluwatobi S.
Published: June 2020

Green synthesis of Zn–In–S quantum dots and their fluorescence under an ultra violet lamp.
Molecular dynamics simulations and biochemical characterization of Pf14-3-3 and PfCDPK1 interaction towards its role in growth of human malaria parasite
Authors: Jain Ravi , Dey Pinki , Gupta Sakshi , Pati Soumya , Bhattacherjee Arnab , Munde Manoj , Singh Shailja
Published: June 2020

Scaffold proteins play pivotal role as modulators of cellular processes by operating as multipurpose conformation clamps. 14-3-3 proteins are gold-standard scaffold modules that recognize phosphoSer/Thr (pS/pT) containing conserved motifs, and confer conformational changes leading to modulation of functional parameters of their target proteins. Modulation in functional activity of kinases has been attributed to their interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. Herein, we have annotated and characterized PF3D7_0818200 as 14-3-3 isoform I in Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, and its interaction with one of the key kinases of the parasite, Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 1 (CDPK1) by performing various analytical biochemistry and biophysical assays. Molecular dynamics simulation studies indicated that CDPK1 polypeptide sequence (61KLGpS64) behaves as canonical Mode I-type (RXXpS/pT) consensus 14-3-3 binding motif, mediating the interaction. The 14-3-3I/CDPK1 interaction was validated in vitro with ELISA and SPR, which confirmed that the interaction is phosphorylation dependent, with binding affinity constant of 670 ± 3.6 nM. The interaction of 14-3-3I with CDPK1 was validated with well characterized optimal 14-3-3 recognition motifs: Mode I-type ARSHpSYPA and Mode II-type RLYHpSLPA, by simulation studies and ITC. This interaction was found to marginally enhance CDPK1 functional activity. Furthermore, interaction antagonizing peptidomimetics showed growth inhibitory impact on the parasite indicating crucial physiological role of 14-3-3/CDPK1 interaction. Overall, this study characterizes 14-3-3I as a scaffold protein in the malaria parasite and unveils CDPK1 as its previously unidentified target. This sets a precedent for the rational design of 14-3-3 based PPI inhibitors by utilizing 14-3-3 recognition motif peptides, as a potential antimalarial strategy.
HCK promotes glioblastoma progression by TGFβ signaling
Authors: Wang Zhenlin , Ying Chenting , Zhang Anke , Xu Houshi , Jiang Yang , Lou Meiqing
Published: June 2020

The hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK), a member of the Src family protein-tyrosine kinases (SFKs), is primarily expressed in cells of the myeloid and B lymphocyte lineages. Nevertheless, the roles of HCK in glioblastoma (GBM) remain to be examined. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of HCK on GBM development both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the underlying mechanism. The present study found that HCK was highly expressed in both tumor tissues from patients with GBM and cancer cell lines. HCK enhanced cell viability, proliferation, and migration, and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. Tumor xenografts results also demonstrated that HCK knockdown significantly inhibited tumor growth. Interestingly, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed HCK was closed associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and TGFβ signaling in GBM. In addition, we also found that HCK accentuates TGFβ-induced EMT, suggesting silencing HCK inhibited EMT through the inactivation of Smad signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings indicated that HCK is involved in GBM progression via mediating EMT process, and may be served as a promising therapeutic target for GBM.
Evidenz der Gruppenpsychotherapie – aktuelle Ergebnisse
Authors: Strauß Bernhard
Published: June 2020

In den letzten Jahren wurde die gesundheitspolitische Zielsetzung, ambulante Gruppenpsychotherapie zu fördern 1, mit einer Reihe von Maßnahmen unterstützt: bessere Vergütung, Kombination von Einzel- und Gruppenpsychotherapie 2, Reduktion der Gruppengröße und jüngst der angekündigte Wegfall der Gutachterpflicht. Dies stellt naturgemäß auch die Frage nach der Evidenzbasierung von Gruppenpsychotherapie, nicht zuletzt im Kontrast zur Einzeltherapie, die subjektiv nach wie vor von PatientInnen bevorzugt und auch für effektiver erachtet wird.
Gruppentherapie in der Suchtbehandlung
Authors: Vogelgesang Monika
Published: June 2020

Sucht wurde über lange Zeit nicht als Krankheit, sondern als Charakterschwäche eingeordnet. Da sie auch heute oft mit einer Stigmatisierung einhergeht, versuchen Betroffene die Erkrankung vor sich selbst und anderen zu leugnen. Auch im somatischen und psychotherapeutischen Versorgungssystem werden Suchtpatienten eher negativ konnotiert, da ihre Behandlung als schwierig gilt und in der Vergangenheit als wenig erfolgversprechend eingestuft wurde.
Gruppentherapie bei funktionellen Körperbeschwerden und somatoformen Störungen
Authors: Dinkel Andreas , Lahmann Claas , Ronel Joram
Published: June 2020

Patienten mit funktionellen Körperbeschwerden und somatoformen Störungen leiden an ihrem Körper, fühlen sich hilflos im Umgang mit den Körperbeschwerden und haben oft Schwierigkeiten im Kontakt mit anderen. Zwischenmenschliche Konflikte, Selbstwirksamkeit, Körpererleben und die Beziehung zum eigenen Körper – dies sind Ansatzpunkte für die eine oder andere Form der Gruppenpsychotherapie.
Gruppenpsychotherapie
Authors: Gehn Jana
Published: June 2020

Definitionen, Fakten, Relevantes – die PiD-Essentials fassen die wichtigsten Informationen zum Thema des Heftes knapp und übersichtlich für Sie zusammen.
Number and Impact of Osteoporotic Forearm Fractures: An Analysis of German Hospital Data
Authors: Möckel Luis
Published: June 2020

Introduction Osteoporosis is a burden for Germany, however recent data on osteoporotic forearm fractures is missing.

Methods Numbers of hospital diagnosed forearm fractures based on ICD-10 code S52.- for 2000 to 2017 were taken from GBE database. From this dataset, number of osteoporotic forearm fractures in patients aged 50+ years were calculated using age- and gender specific weighting factors. In addition, fracture rates per 100,000 people, total days in hospital and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost due to osteoporotic forearm fractures were calculated.

Results In 2017, a total of 69,046 osteoporotic forearm fractures were diagnosed in hospitals in patients aged 50+ years in Germany, which represents an increase of 48.8% since 2000. Age-adjusted fracture rates in women were 300/100,000 (standard error [SE] 1.25) in 2017 compared to 248/100,000 (SE 1.25) in 2000 (Odds ratio [OR]: 1.21 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02; 1.43]; p = 0.026). In male patients fracture rates were 62/100,000 (SE 0.61) in 2017 and 53/100,000 (SE 0.65) in 2000 (OR: 1.17 [95% CI: 0.81; 1.69]; p = 0.401). However, highest numbers and rates of osteoporotic forearm fractures were seen in 2010.

Osteoporotic forearm fractures resulted in 276,185 hospital days and 2,259 lost QALYs in patients aged 50+ years in 2017.

Conclusion Number of osteoporotic forearm fractures increased from 2000 to 2017 in Germany and indicate a high burden of disease for patients and healthcare system.
Psychosomatische Reha-Nachsorge: PsyRENA
Authors: Langens Thomas A. , Schonnebeck Michael
Published: June 2020

PsyRENA ist ein gruppentherapeutisches Nachsorgeprogramm im Anschluss an eine Rehabilitationsbehandlung aufgrund einer psychischen Störung oder Erkrankung 1. Da viele Rehabilitanden das Nachsorgeprogramm in Anspruch nehmen, ist PsyRENA zu einem der größten Anbieter von Gruppentherapie überhaupt geworden. Über Struktur und Ziele der Reha-Nachsorge und die Besonderheiten und Herausforderungen, die sich bei der Leitung von PsyRENA-Gruppen ergeben.
Interaktion zwischen Muskel und Knochen – ein Wechselspiel zwischen Physik und Biologie
Authors: Jakob Franz , Müller-Deubert Sigrid , Ebert Regina , Engelke Klaus , Felsenberg Dieter , Rudert Maximilian , Herrmann Marietta
Published: June 2020

Die balancierte und reziproke adaptive Interaktion zwischen Muskel und Knochen ist essenziell für die Fortbewegung von Organismen und die Erhaltung ihrer stabilen Form unter Vermeidung von Frakturen und Verletzungen. Muskeln erzeugen durch Kontraktion physikalische Kräfte, die auf die Muskulatur selbst und auf das stabilisierende Skelett wirken. Das Kraftniveau wird von der Gravitation und der Masse des eigenen Organismus bestimmt. Steigerung der Kräfte und Wiederholung der Reize haben anabole Wirkung, Immobilisation und Simulation von Mikro-Gravitation führen zum Verlust von Muskel und Knochen. Die Einwirkung physikalischer Kräfte auf Zellen wird in biochemische Signale umgesetzt und generiert biologische Effekte. Die molekularen Mechanismen des Mechanosensing und der Mechanotransduktion sind in den letzten 2–3 Dekaden sehr intensiv erforscht worden. Dehnung, Kompression und Flüssigkeitsströmung verursachen über Verbindungen durch Adhäsionsmoleküle an die Extrazellulärmatrix und zwischen den Zellen sowie über das Primäre Zilium eine „Second-messenger“-Aktivierung wie Kalzium-Einstrom, cAMP- und cGMP-Produktion und Aktivierung von Rezeptoren und Kinasen. Im Gefolge werden Transkriptionsfaktoren nukleotrop, die dann an DNA-responsive Steuerelemente binden und Transkription modulieren. Die Änderungen des Proteoms der Zelle führen zur vermehrten Bildung von Strukturproteinen zur Verstärkung des Zytoskeletts und der Zell-Zell-Adhäsion, sodass sich die Steifigkeit und die Rückstellkraft der Zelle und des Gewebes auf ein höheres Kraftniveau einstellen, ohne durch Ruptur oder Fraktur Schaden zu nehmen. Neben der physikalischen Interaktion durch die Kräfte des Muskels werden auch über Sekretionsprodukte von Muskel und Knochen Informationen ausgetauscht. Die Sekretionsprodukte initiieren und regulieren mit großen Überlappungen in ihrer Funktion die interaktive Adaptation und Regeneration in beiden Geweben. Neben der tonischen Produktion von Proteinen mit einer sekretorischen Sequenz können beide Gewebe auch auf mechanische Reize hin Vesikel abgeben, die als Fracht präsynthetisierte Rezeptoren, Wachstums- und Differenzierungsfaktoren und orchestrierende miRNAs transportieren können. Da weder Knochen noch Muskel echte endokrine Vesikel bilden können, werden Exosomen in die Zirkulation abgegeben. Ein auslösender Reiz dafür ist ein Kalzium-Einstrom als Folge von mechanischer Stimulation/Trainingsaktivität. Mit zunehmendem Wissen ergibt sich hier ein Bild der unerwartet intensiven Auswirkung mechanischer Kräfte auf die Zellbiologie und Biochemie von Geweben. Wir beginnen gerade, diese Auswirkungen in der Physiologie zu verstehen, während wir im Verständnis der Störungen einer gesunden Adaptation, z. B. im Sinne von Überlastung oder Trainingsresistenz, besonders bei chronischen Erkrankungen wie Osteoporose und Arthrose noch sehr am Anfang stehen.
Nachhaltige Sicherung der Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit in der
Kommune. Mehr Wirksamkeit durch eine nationale
Public-Health-Strategie
Authors: Iseke Axel , Thyen Ute
Published: June 2020

„Was soll einem Staat geraten werden, der den allgemeinen Wohlstand
mehren, die Wirtschaft universell fördern und zugleich die Armut
bekämpfen und für mehr Chancengerechtigkeit sorgen
will?“ Das Nurturing-Care-Framework von WHO und Unicef von 2018 gibt die
einfache Antwort: „Eine nachhaltige und umfassende Investition in die
frühe Kindheit“. In der Arbeitsgruppe 3 „Sicherstellung
der Kinder- und Jugendgesundheit in den Kommunen“ des 3. Zukunftsforum
Public Health 2019 haben rund 30 Teilnehmende aus verschiedenen Handlungsfeldern
der Gesundheits- Sozial- und Politikwissenschaften, des öffentlichen
Gesundheitsdienstes, von NGO’s, von Universitäten sowie
Fachverbänden diese praktische Umsetzungsempfehlung von „Health
in all Policies (HiaP)“ ins Zentrum ihrer Diskussion für eine
zukünftige Public-Health-Strategie für Deutschland gestellt.
Der Internationale Symptom-Code
Authors: Bleul Gerhard
Published: June 2020

In einer Arbeitsgruppe der Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft für Homöopathie (WissHom) wurde ein Symptom-Code erarbeitet. Er ist gegliedert in Symptomelemente und übergeordnete Begriffe. Die Kodierung funktioniert sprachunabhängig und soll unter anderem die internationale Kommunikation unterstützen.
Motor Deficits in Youth with Concussion History: Issues with Task
Novelty or Task Demand?
Authors: Dalecki Marc , Usand Jessica , Van Gemmert Arend W. A. , Sergio Lauren E.
Published: June 2020

The present study expands previous work on eye-hand decoupling deficits in youth
with concussion history. It examines whether deficits can be linked to
difficulties adapting to new task constraints or meeting ongoing task demands.
Data from 59 youth with concussion history (M=11 months post-concussion)
and 55 no history controls were analyzed. All 114 participants (M=12.5
yrs.) performed two touchscreen-based eye-hand coordination tasks: A standard
task with vision and motor action in alignment, and an eye-hand decoupling task
with both spatially decoupled, with twenty trials per task condition. First
(trial 1–4), middle (trial 9–12), and last (trial 17–20)
trial blocks were analyzed in each condition across groups, as well as first and
last blocks only. The latter analysis showed in the first block longer response
times in the concussion history group in the eye-hand decoupling condition due
to a general slowdown of the reaction times across blocks and a trend for higher
movement times. Our findings suggest that youth with concussion history have
difficulty to adapt to new task constraints associated with complex skill
performance during a short series of trials. These results are relevant for
athletic trainers, therapists and coaches who work with youth with concussion
history.
Ansätze zur Etablierung von Präzisionsmedizin bei der Parkinson-Krankheit mit dem Schwerpunkt Genetik
Authors: Stute Lara , Krüger Rejko
Published: June 2020

Während Parkinson mit seiner vielfältigen und sehr individuellen Kombination aus motorischen und nichtmotorischen Symptomen zunehmend genauer charakterisiert ist, nicht zuletzt durch die Untersuchung von großen Patientenkohorten mit Deep-Phenotyping-Approach, folgt die Therapie weiterhin einem einheitlichen Schema. Durch bessere Stratifikation bieten Präzisionsmedizin-Ansätze die Möglichkeit, die Behandlung und patientenzentrierte Versorgung zu verbessern. Spezifische Therapien für den Einsatz bei monogenetischen Parkinson-Formen, die aktuell untersucht werden, könnten helfen, Krankheitsmechanismen zu verstehen und dadurch auch zum Verständnis des idiopathischen Parkinson-Syndroms beitragen, sowie neue Behandlungsziele aufzeigen. Wir zeigen Daten zur Vorhersage von Wirksamkeit und Langzeit-Vorteil von aktuellen medikamentösen Behandlungen sowie von Tiefer Hirnstimulation (THS) im Kontext von wachsendem pharmakogenetischen Wissen. Konfrontiert mit asymptomatischen Trägern genetischer Mutationen (monogenetische Erkrankung) von variabler Penetranz und prodromalen Stadien wie REM-Schlaf-Verhaltensstörungen, zeichnen sich erste präventive Therapiestrategien ab. Ihr Einfluss auf die Krankheitsprogression und Aussichten für die klinische Praxis müssen adressiert werden.
Squat Muscle Activation Patterns with Hip Rotations in Subjects with Genu Varum Deformity
Authors: Hatefi Mohamadreza , Babakhani Farideh , Balouchi Ramin , Letafatkar Amir , Wallace Brian J.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activation during the squat with different hip rotations (neutral, 15, 30, and 45° of internal and external hip rotation) in subjects with and without Genu Varum deformity deformity. Surface electromyography were recorded from 32 men with (n=16) and without (n=16) Genu Varum deformity. In the Genu Varum deformity group, the squats with 30, 45 and 15° of internal rotations of the hip showed significantly greater gluteus medius activation as compared to other positions. Moreover, the tensor fascia lata activity increased with greater external rotation of the hip, and significantly more than hip internal rotations (p<0.05). For vastus medialis and vastus lateralis, both hip internal and external rotation showed a significantly greater activation compared to the neutral hip positions (p<0.05). There were significant differences in the gluteus medius:tensor fascia lata activity ratio (p=0.001) and the vastus medialis: vastus lateralis activity ratio (p=0.001) between the different hip positions in the Genu Varum deformity and healthy groups. These results demonstrate that muscle activation patterns varied significantly with the position of different hip rotation in both groups. Those with Genu Varum deformity may use this information to aid in an injury prevention strategy by choosing squat positioning that favorably alters muscle activation patterns.
Sarkopenie: Eine Herausforderung im Alter
Authors: Ferrari Uta , Drey Michael
Published: June 2020

Sarkopenie ist ein geriatrisches Syndrom, das durch einen generalisierten Verlust von Muskelmasse und Muskelfunktion gekennzeichnet ist. Damit verbunden ist eine erhöhte Wahrscheinlichkeit von Stürzen, Frakturen, Behinderung und Mortalität. Seit Oktober 2016 gibt es in den USA einen ICD-10-CM-Kode (M62.84) für Sarkopenie. In Deutschland kann Sarkopenie seit 2018 im ICD-10-GM (M62.50) kodiert werden. Zur Selektion in der Primärversorgung besteht die Möglichkeit, mittels eines Sarkopenie-Fragebogens (SARC-F) gefährdete Patienten zu identifizieren. Diese können dann einer weiterführenden Diagnostik zugeführt werden. Gemäß der aktuellen revidierten Fassung des europäischen Sarkopeniekonsensus sind ein Therapiebeginn und eine weitere Ursachenabklärung bereits bei Vorliegen einer eingeschränkten Muskelkraft möglich. Gegenwärtig besteht die Therapie aus Kraft- und Balancetraining sowie einer Ernährungsberatung, mit dem Ziel einer proteinreichen Ernährung. Eine medikamentöse Behandlung der Sarkopenie ist noch nicht verfügbar. Einige Substanzen sind jedoch in der klinischen Prüfung. Am vielversprechendsten scheint die Gruppe der Myostatin-Antagonisten zu sein.
Stabilization of BMIz Score is Associated with a Decrease in Visceral Fat in Children with Obesity
Authors: Naik Yashoda , Allen David B. , Eickhoff Jens , Carrel Aaron L.
Published: June 2020

BMIz-score (BMIz) is commonly used to assess childhood obesity. Whether change in BMIz score predicts change in visceral fat remains unclear. The objective of the work was to study changes in visceral fat, cardiovascular fitness (CVF), and metabolic health over 6 months in children with stable/decreased-BMIz vs. increased-BMIz. Ninety children with obesity, referred for lifestyle intervention were studied (mean age 11±3.1 years, 50% girls, 22% Hispanic). Assessment included abdominal and total fat by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), sub-maximal VO2 for CVF, anthropometrics, and fasting insulin, glucose, HDL-C, triglycerides, AST and ALT at 0 and 6 months. Sixty-three children (70%) showed a stable/decrease in BMIz over 6 months. There was no significant change in total body fat between groups (−1.3±2.9% in BMIz-stable/down vs. − 0.6 ± 2.6% BMIz-up, p=0.459); however, BMIz-stable/down group showed a decrease in visceral fat compared to the BMIz-up group (−258±650 g vs.+137±528 g, p=0.009). BMIz-stable/down group also demonstrated increased CVF (+1.2 ml/kg/min, p<0.001), not seen in the BMIz-up group. Neither group had significant changes in metabolic markers. Preventing BMIz increase in obese children predicts a significant decrease in visceral fat even if total body fat is unchanged. This is often associated with increased fitness. Thus, increasing fitness level and keeping BMI stable are strategic initial goals for obese children.
Characterization of Antibacterial Proanthocyanidins of Dalbergia monetaria, an Amazonian Medicinal Plant, by UHPLC-HRMS/MS
Authors: de Moura Patricia Homobono Brito , de Sousa Amaryllis Almeida , Porzel Andrea , Wessjohann Ludger A. , Leal Ivana Correa Ramos , Martins Roberto Carlos Campos
Published: June 2020

Dalbergia monetaria is an Amazonian plant whose bark is widely used to treat urinary tract infections. This paper describes a bio-guided study of ethanolic extracts from the bark and leaves of D. monetaria, in a search for metabolites active against human pathogenic bacteria. In vitro assays were performed against 10 bacterial strains, highlighting methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fractioning of the extracts was performed using instrumental and classical techniques, and samples were characterized by UHPLC-HRMS/MS. Ethyl acetate fractions from bark and leaves showed similar antibacterial activities. EAFB is enriched in isoflavone C-glucosides and EAFL enriched in proanthocyanidins. Subfractions from EAFL presented higher activity and showed a complex profile of proanthocyanidins constructed by (epi)-cassiaflavan and (epi)-catechin units, including dimers, trimers and tetramers. The fragmentation pattern emphasized the neutral loss of cassiaflavan units by quinone-methide fission. Fraction SL7-6, constituted by (ent)-cassiaflavan-(ent)-cassiaflavan-(epi)-catechin isomers, showed the lowest MIC against the S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with values corresponding to 64 and 32 µg/mL, respectively. Cassiaflavan-proanthocyanidins have not been found previously in another botanical genus, except in Cassia, and the traditional medicinal use of D. monetaria might be related to the antibacterial activity of proanthocyanidins characterized in the species.
Whole-body Electromyostimulation plus Caloric Restriction in
Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Bellia Alfonso , Ruscello Bruno , Bolognino Rolando , Briotti Gianluca , Gabrielli Paolo Roberto , Silvestri Adriano , Rosazza Cristina , Ambruoso Francesca , Lombardo Mauro , Bernardini Andrea , Calabrese Cosimo , Lauro Davide , D’Ottavio Stefano
Published: June 2020

We investigated early effects of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation added to
hypocaloric diet on metabolic syndrome features in sedentary middle-aged
individuals. We randomly assigned 25 patients to Whole-Body
Electromyostimulation plus caloric restriction or caloric restriction alone for
26 weeks. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin, HOMA-IR,
glycated hemoglobin, lipids, uric acid, creatinphosphokynase, C-reactive protein
were assessed. Body composition was evaluated with direct-segmental,
multi-frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. Both groups lost approximately
10% of weight, with similar effects on waist circumference and fat mass.
Change in free-fat mass was significantly different between groups (caloric
restriction −1.5±0.2 vs. Whole-Body Electromyostimulation plus
caloric restriction +1.1±0.4 kg, p=0.03).
Whole-Body Electromyostimulation plus caloric restriction group experienced
greater percent reductions in insulin (−45.5±4.4 vs.
−28.2±3.6%, p=0.002), HOMA-IR
(–51.3±3.2 vs. –25.1±1.8%,
p=0.001), triglycerides (−22.5±2.9 vs.
−4.1±1.6%, p=0.004) and
triglycerides/HDL (p=0.028). Subjects trained with Whole-Body
Electromyostimulation had also significant improvement in systolic pressure
(138±4 vs. 126±7 mmHg, p=0.038). No
discontinuations for adverse events occurred. In middle-aged sedentary subjects
with the metabolic syndrome, Whole-Body Electromyostimulation with caloric
restriction for 26 weeks can improve insulin-resistance and lipid profile
compared to diet alone. Further studies are needed to ascertain long-term
efficacy and feasibility of this approach in individuals with the metabolic
syndrome.
Prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em pessoas com a síndrome do túnel do carpo
Authors: Paiva Filho Henver Ribeiro , Pedroso Franco Luiz Cabral , Bueno Fernando Brito , Paiva Valdênia Graças Nascimento , Oliveira Elias Felix , Rocha Murilo Antônio
Published: June 2020

Objetivos Demonstrar a prevalência de sintomas de depressão e ansiedade em pessoas com a síndrome do túnel do carpo atendidas em um ambulatório de cirurgia da mão e descrever as características clínicas e epidemiológicas dessa população.

Métodos Foram avaliadas pessoas com o diagnóstico de síndrome do túnel do carpo na consulta inicial em um período de coleta de dados de 6 meses. Características clínicas e epidemiológicas foram anotadas, e as pessoas que possuíam diagnóstico de ansiedade e/ou depressão foram avaliadas.

Resultados Um total de 101 pessoas apresentavam síndrome do túnel do carpo e destas, 38 apresentavam diagnóstico de depressão e 29 de ansiedade. Houve prevalência de mulheres de baixa renda, com predominância do nível de escolaridade fundamental. Mais da metade dos pacientes apresentava pelo menos uma comorbidade sistêmica associada.

Conclusão Tanto para ansiedade como para depressão, as características que influenciaram estatisticamente nos sintomas em pacientes com síndrome do túnel do carpo independente das demais características avaliadas foram gênero, tabagismo, e renda familiar (p < 0,05).