bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cost-Effectiveness of Positron Emission Tomography in Recurrent Colorectal Cancer in Canada
Authors: Sloka Jeffrey , Hollett Peter , Mathews Maria
Published: February 2021

Several studies over the past decade have demonstrated that 2-fluoro-2-D-[18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is more accurate than computed tomography (CT) for the staging of recurrent colorectal carcinoma. This study uses quantitative decision tree modeling and sensitivity analysis to assess the cost-effectiveness of a PET-based management strategy for staging recurrent colorectal carcinoma in Canada. Both management costs and life expectancy are determined. METHODS: Two patient management strategies were compared - one using CT alone and one using both CT and PET. A survey of recent literature was used to construct a meta-analyses of available studies for the accuracy of PET in staging recurrent colorectal carcinoma. Life expectancies were determined from recent Canadian statistics, and expected life expectancies with disease were calculated from published survival rates. Management costs were determined from: estimates of the installation cost of PET facilities in Canada; management costs from our institutions; and recently published Canadian cost estimates of various procedures. RESULTS: A cost savings of $1,758 per person is expected for a PET and CT strategy, along with a slight increase in life expectancy (3.8 days), when compared with a CT alone strategy. This cost savings stemmed from avoided surgeries and remained in favour of the PET strategy when subjected to a rigorous sensitivity analysis.
The Vegetative State: A Review of Etiology and Prognostic Factors
Authors: Davison Rachel Elizabeth
Published: February 2021

This paper reviews the research investigating the vegetative state (VS) in terms of its aetiology and prognostic factors that may be indicative of the outcome for patients in the VS. The VS is a relatively rare syndrome that still causes confusion for treating clinicians. In short, the VS is a clinical condition of unawareness of self and environment but with retained wakefulness. Until relatively recently there were no universally accepted diagnostic criteria, which caused problems both in terms of diagnosing the patient and in determining the incidence of the VS. This paper examines the most relevant and up to date work in order to determine if there is a way of predicting whether the VS for any given patient will be persistent (i.e. recovery is still possible) or if it is permanent and further treatment is futile. Currently, the most accurately available method to predict the prognosis of a patient in the VS is through clinical assessment of the patient combined with knowledge of the aetiology and duration of the VS. More work is needed in order to allow for the prediction of the outcome of the VS with greater certainty.
A Retrospective Study of the Management of HIV, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C-Positive Pregnancies in Edinburgh, UK from 1997-2002.
Authors: Russell Wendy
Published: February 2021

STUDY AIMS: This study aims to examine management practices for HIV-positive, HBV-positive and HCV-positive pregnancies over 1997-2002 in Edinburgh, UK, and the effects the diseases have on pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: Equally for HIV, HBV, and HCV, 50% of the diagnoses were made before pregnancy while the other 50% were detected and diagnosed through antenatal testing. Of the 17 HBV-positive pregnancies 31.6% of the women were highly infectious at delivery and 57.9% were carriers with low infectivity. Of the 17 HIV-positive pregnancies 47.1% of the women had an undetectable viral load and 17.6% were unrecorded at delivery. All 17 HIV-positive pregnancies received ART in varying regimes, 15 (88.2%) were on combination therapy, one delivered vaginally and no women breastfed. All neonates of HBV-positive mothers received immunoglobulin and vaccination and were then breastfed. There were no specific interventions for HCV. Only one study child out of the 38 pregnancies became infected, and this was with HIV. CONCLUSION: Routine screening identifies women with no obvious risk factors, and interventions are largely accepted and effective at reducing vertical transmission. HIV therapy is individually tailored and increasingly uses several agents. Moreover, there is a movement towards allowing low viral load HIV-positive women to deliver vaginally. There are no interventions recommended for HCV infectivity alone. The difficulty collecting information illustrates that no adequate tracking system of infected pregnant women exists. Recommended is the creation of a formal database that includes standardized information such as the viral load of HIV or HCV at delivery, so that outcomes of intrapartum management can be more effectively assessed. No comment can be made on virus-related pregnancy complications, as study numbers are too small for statistically valid data.
Hip Protectors and their Role in Hip Fracture Prevention: A Review
Authors: Cowling Paul David
Published: February 2021

Hip fractures cause severe worldwide morbidity and loss of independence, costing national healthcare systems millions of pounds each year. The incidence is increasing with the expanding elderly population common of many Western countries. Hip protectors have been progressively studied in recent years focussing upon their use in hip fracture prevention, and compliance levels. This review aims to determine the effectiveness of protectors, and also investigates compliance levels. A search for English language Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) testing effectiveness of hip protectors was performed on Medline and Embase. Nine articles fulfilling the search criteria were found. Each was reviewed for hip protector effectiveness and compliance rates within the study, with results and conclusions critically-appraised. Of the nine articles, six (66.6%) found hip protectors to be effective in preventing hip fractures in selective populations. However, poor compliance rates were found in all reviewed trials. Future research should therefore focus upon improving compliance rates in the studied population.
Emphysematous Cholecystitis: An Unusual Presentation of a Rare Disease
Authors: De Araujo Daniel B , Renck D´écio V , De Britto Marcelo AP , Oliveira Danise S , Lauermann Fernanda T
Published: February 2021

We report a case of radiological diagnosis of emphysematous cholecystitis, a relatively rare form of acute cholecystitis, in a non-diabetic 55-year-old woman. This case is unique given that this pathology is most commonly seen in diabetic male patients. The purpose of this article is to highlight a case of emphysematous cholecystitis in an unexpected population and discuss the clinical features, the diagnostic methods and the treatment.
Morphometric Characteristics of the Conal Coronary Artery
Authors: Stankovic Ivan , Jesic Milica
Published: February 2021

The right conal (conus) artery either presents as the first ventricular branch of the right coronary artery (RCA) or arises directly from the aorta, in which case, it is considered the third coronary artery (TCA). Morphometric characterization of this artery is important for interpretation of coronarography, surgical revascularization of myocardium and embryological interpretations. Eight out of 23 hearts presented the TCA (34.8%). The difference in the frequency of the TCA between the sexes was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). In all the specimens, the ostium of the TCA was to the left of and superior to the ostium of the RCA. The supernumerary (third) coronary artery formed Vieussens' arterial ring in 50% of the cases with the TCA, while the conal branch of the RCA formed the anastomosis with the conal branch at a higher frequency (63% of the cases). The ratio of external diameters of the RCA and TCA was 2.84 ±0.78, while the ratio of external diameters of the RCA and its conal branch was 2.61±0.74. The difference in the ratios was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). There were no findings indicating that the presence of the TCA could be detrimental or advantageous when compared to the classical coronary scheme (right and left coronary arteries originating from the aortic sinuses). Based solely on the TCA's morphological features, there is insufficient evidence to suggest that the presence of the TCA per se, is associated with a known clinical or disease state.
THE MJM: FINDING ITS PLACE IN A NEW ERA OF MEDICINE
Authors: Lin Steven , Lear Naomi
Published: February 2021

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Psychopharmacological Fix: The Suppression of Sadness and the Search for Meaning
Authors: Gallo Laura
Published: February 2021

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Obstetric complications in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disability
Authors: Bhat Mamatha , Grizenko Natalie , L Ben-Amor , Joober Ridha
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine whether children with ADHD and learning disabilities (LD) have a significant history of obstetrical complications when compared to children with ADHD but without LD. Methods: Sixty-four children aged 6 to 12 years diagnosed with ADHD were assessed for a history of obstetrical complications using the Kinney medical and gynecological questionnaire. Learning ability was appraised using the Wide-Range Achievement Test (WRAT-R) for anglophone students and the "Test de Rendement Français" for francophone students. Results: Children with ADHD and a learning disability in mathematics had a higher rate of neonatal complications of great severity (p = 0.01) than children with ADHD and no disability in mathematics. Children with ADHD and a learning disability in reading also had a preponderance of neonatal complications of high severity (p = 0.02) compared to their peers with ADHD and no learning disability in reading. Children with ADHD and learning disability tend to have a significant history of neonatal complications, which validates the theory that complications in early life could adversely affect a child's academic ability later in life. This further confirms the importance of the perinatal and postnatal periods in CNS development of brain regions essential for mathematics and reading ability.
Conscience and Compromise: Abortion and the Requirements of Justice in Medical Schools
Authors: Belgrave Kevin
Published: February 2021

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Comparative DNA Flow Cytometric Study of Primary Intraocular and Central Nervous System Lymphomas
Authors: Martinu Teresa , Correia Claudia P. , Figueiredo Andersson M. , Burnier Jr Miguel N.
Published: February 2021

Primary intraocular lymphoma is generally considered as a subset of primary CNS lymphoma. This study attempts to show that they may in fact represent distinct entities by comparing their respective proliferation rates using DNA flow cytometry. Four samples of primary intraocular lymphoma and seven samples of primary CNS lymphoma were analyzed, all from paraffin-embedded tissue. All tumors were of the large B-cell type. A normal human tonsil sample was used as a control. Tissue samples were analyzed by DNA flow cytometry, which is a precise and objective method to measure DNA content and cell proliferation of a tumor. S-phase fraction (SPF) and DNA content were measured for each sample. The average SPF for primary intraocular lymphoma was significantly higher than that of primary CNS lymphoma, 23.8 (range: 18.9 to 29.6) versus 15.1 (range: 1.1 to 25.1) respectively. Of the 11 tumors analyzed, 2 brain tumors were aneuploid and 1 eye tumor was peridiploid. All other tumors were diploid. Thus, no significant pattern was detected in the DNA content of the tumors. This lack of clinical significance of tumor aneuploidy is consistent with data reported in the literature. The results of this study indicate that primary intraocular lymphoma is more aggressive and of higher grade than primary CNS lymphoma. The different proliferation rates of intraocular and CNS lymphomas may be explained by either their different spatial location or a distinct genetic composition, the latter reinforcing the hypothesis that the two are fundamentally different entities
Neglected Diseases: Why Do Some Major Diseases Receive Less Attention Than Others?
Authors: Morris Bishoy Sobhy
Published: February 2021

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Book Review: Neurology in Clinical Practice
Authors: Giacomini Paul
Published: February 2021

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The merging of medicine and management - McGill University's MD-MBA degree
Authors: Chen Sylvia
Published: February 2021

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Evidence-based Medicine and Rapid Response Team Implementation
Authors: Bruckel Jeffrey
Published: February 2021

The implementation of Rapid Response Teams is becoming commonplace in U.S. hospitals, following the model developed in Australia. The Rapid Response Team is a method of bringing ICU-level patient care to the bedside of critically ill patients using a multidisciplinary team. Acute care unit staff are trained to recognize clinical deterioration using a set of vital sign calling criteria (systolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg, pulse below 60 or above 100, etc.). Many hospitals have been facing problems gaining needed support to make the organizational changes needed for the team to function properly. Some faculty physicians have expressed apprehension about losing control over their patients, and they have also highlighted the lack of rigorous experimental evidence that the teams work. Since there are so many confounding factors at work when trying to design an experimental study of this type of change, the study may not accurately portray the situation. Other evaluation methods should therefore be considered.
Conductas de autocuidado de la salud en estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud
Authors: Ruiz-Aquino Mely , Echevarría Dávila Juliana , Huanca Solis William Enrique
Published: February 2021

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las conductas de autocuidado en la salud física y mental de los estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud durante inicios del primer trimestre del 2020. El estudio implicó el uso de la metodología cuantitativa, de tipo descriptivo y diseño transversal. La población fue de 481 estudiantes universitarios, siendo la muestra 215, seleccionados probabilísticamente por estratos. Fue aplicada una escala de conductas de autocuidado. Se usaron las medidas de frecuencias y proporciones. Los resultados revelan que un 78,6 % (169) muestran conductas de autocuidado saludable en la dimensión salud mental, frente a un 56,3 % de conductas de autocuidado saludable en la dimensión salud física del autocuidado. De modo general, hubo predominio de las conductas de autocuidado saludable [60,9 % (131)]. Al comparar las características sociodemográficas de la muestra en estudio, según los tipos de autocuidado (saludable/no saludable), se encontró que tanto las mujeres como el grupo de los jóvenes, los estudiantes que se dedican solo al estudio, los estudiantes del programa de estudios de enfermería y las personas con condición de convivientes, muestran mayor autocuidado saludable. Se concluye evidenciando el predominio de las conductas de autocuidado saludable en sus dimensiones: autocuidado de la salud mental y física.
Swimming in a sea of uncertainty – business, governance and the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Hopper Trevor
Published: February 2021

© 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine accounting-related issues that have emerged during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The discussion is based on personal experience and observation of events and media reports in the UK, the USA and New Zealand. Findings: Many problems that have emerged have varied owing to differences in the national governance of each country regarding the emphasis their governments and businesses have placed on short-run financialisation policies; the comprehensiveness of their information and control systems; their leadership and whether their discourse accords with events and expert advice; their degree of accountability and concern for public wellness; and the need to consider new taxation policies to meet the costs of the pandemic. Research limitations/implications: This paper is based on personal observations owing to the restrictions on research access during the pandemic, and thus it reflects the author’s political opinions and beliefs. Practical implications: This paper outlines areas where accounting could and has addressed the issues examined and recommends greater adoption globally of policies and systems designed to meet the United Nation’s sustainable development goals. Social implications: The social implications are vast for they extend to major issues concerning preserving the planet, its species, humankind and enhanced democratic processes for civil society and developing countries. Originality/value: A comparative analysis and evaluation of nations' control of of the coronavirus (COVID_19) pandemic. This lies in the eyes of the beholder.
How the colonial legacy frames state audit institutions in Benin that fail to curb corruption
Authors: Lassou PJC , Hopper Trevor , Ntim C
Published: February 2021

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd Supreme audit institutions are an important pillar of governance and government resource management, particularly for controlling corruption. Francophone African countries inherited these from their former colonial power, France, but their role and function are limited. This paper argues that this is partly a legacy of their colonial experience. It investigates the Chamber of Accounts in Benin, the country's supreme audit institution, using the lenses of Ekeh (1975) two publics and legitimacy theory. Nonetheless, Ekeh's theory needed extending to incorporate changes affecting governance after Benin's independence. The amorality of political officials, accepted by much of Benin society, rendered the institution largely ineffective in controlling corruption. Nevertheless, civil society organizations, donors, and the World Bank and International Monetary Fund have attempted to redress this. Politicians and government officials responded by engaging in symbolic compliance to meet stakeholders’ expectations. A separate audit institution – the General Inspectorate of State – was established under the sole control of the President to gain external legitimacy and retain donors’ budget support, whilst persistent corruption and rising poverty continue. Benin's auditing institutions have become empty crates, which sometimes facilitate rather than control corruption.
Varieties of neo-colonialism: Government accounting reforms in Anglophone and Francophone Africa – Benin and Ghana compared
Authors: Lassou PJC , Hopper Trevor , Tsamenyi M , Murinde V
Published: February 2021

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd This study compares government accounting reforms in an Anglophone and a Francophone African country, namely Ghana and Benin, with respect to neo-colonialism. The data draws from interviews with local officials concerned with government accounting, documents and documentaries. The focus lay on the perceived effectiveness of reforms, and their formulation and implementation. In both countries their former colonial powers, Britain and France, still influence accounting through economic means (through monetary systems), international financial institutions, political advisors, Northern accounting associations and neo-patrimonialism. However, their use of these differs. While France structures her control mostly around the monetary system established during colonialism, Britain relies on its post-colonial infrastructure and accounting profession, and concedes much influence to the USA, essentially through international financial institutions. France exerts more direct control through advisors than Britain (with the USA). The French approach is conceptualized as coercive-neo-colonialism and the British as soft-neo-colonialism. Despite international financial institutions’ pervasive presence, they are not monolithic agents with a uniform role and influence in Ghana and Benin, and good governance aims to increase civil service capacity, financial transparency and accountability remain problematic.
Stop accounting myopia: – think globally: a polemic
Authors: Hopper Trevor
Published: February 2021

© 2018, Emerald Publishing Limited. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to cover issues raised in the author’s plenary address to the Journal of Accounting and Organizational Network Conference held in Melbourne in November 2017. This called for accountants, whether professionals in practice or in academia, to broaden their vision of accounting and accountability beyond the financial accountability of organisations, and serving corporate and capital market interests, to consider how it can help achieve sustainable development goals. Design/methodology/approach: The discussion is based on personal experience, cognate literature and policies of major global institutions. Findings: Whilst the need for financial reporting will remain, there is a pressing need for reporting to measure, monitor and make accountable organisations’ obligations to help achieve sustainable development goals established by global institutions such as the United Nations. Areas of importance discussed are accounting for human rights, mitigation of climate change, securing decent work, increasing accountability – especially civil society democratic participation – and a greater and more equal partnership with stakeholders and developing countries to address their needs. Research limitations/implications: The paper is a personal polemic intended to provoke reflection and reform amongst accountants. Practical implications: The paper outlines the areas where accounting could and has addressed human rights and sustainability issues. Social implications: The social implications are vast, for they extend to major issues concerning the preserving the planet, its species, humankind and enhanced democratic processes for civil society and developing countries. Originality/value: The paper reinforces the need for policy reforms advocated by social and environmental accounting researchers.
Analysis of Domestic Experience in the Application of Measures and Instruments of Budgetary Policy to Stimulate Economic Growth
Authors: Alandarov R. A. , Zaitsev E. A.
Published: February 2021

One of the most important goals of the state is to increase the country’s economic growth rate, including achieving high economic growth indicators such as the level of inflation and unemployment. The current situation in the Russian Federation requires a comprehensive approach from the authorities: within the country to increase the level of welfare of citizens, outside its borders-to preserve and increase competitiveness. This paper presents a retrospective analysis of economic growth rates from 1992 to 2019. Having studied the Russian experience of applying measures and tools of budget policy, the authors identified the most effective tax and budget tools. Best practices have shown the most significant effectiveness in such tax instruments as moderately progressive taxation of personal income, reducing the basic tax rate for indirect taxes, and expanding the practice of applying the simplified tax system. Among the budgetary instruments, the following have shown high efficiency: an increase in expenditures of the budget system budgets for basic and applied scientific research, an increase in budget investments in the industry that contribute to subsequent multiplicative growth, and an increase in expenditures of the budget system budgets for vocational training, retraining and advanced training of the working population.
Features of the Institutional Environment of Public-Private Partnership in Russia: Regional Aspect
Authors: Moguchev N. S. , Khuzina A. F.
Published: February 2021

In the current crisis economic conditions, the public-private partnership (PPP) mechanism can be used as one of the key ways to attract extra-budgetary sources of funds for the implementation of investment projects at the regional level. Despite the growing number of PPP projects in Russia, the presence of significant institutional constraints at the regional level hinder the further development of this mechanism. In particular, there is a lack of interconnection of PPP projects with long-term investment and state development programs at the regional level, low sectoral diversity of projects, high dependence of PPP projects on state financial institutions, and insufficient information support of regional PPP practices. The situation is aggravated by the lack of long-term money in the economy against the backdrop of limited private partners’ funds for the implementation of long-term PPP projects, as well as by existing legal restrictions. The practical purpose and scientific value of this article lie in the construction of a holistic and logical vision of solving the identified institutional problems of PPP development at the regional level.
The System of Indicators of Economic Security of a Municipality as an Integral Element of a Multi-Level System of Economic Security
Authors: Mityakov S. N. , Fedoseeva T. A. , Mityakov E. S.
Published: February 2021

Ensuring economic security at all levels of the national economy is an integral part of ensuring national security. The article proposes a system of indicators for monitoring the economic security of municipalities, which can be adapted for any municipality and effectively used for comparative analysis of the levels of economic security of the territories under consideration, located at different hierarchical levels. We propose that the system includes 11 indicators and threshold values for each of them. We based our research on a systematic approach. The study involved dynamic, graphical analysis and economic and mathematical methods. This article is one of the first attempts to create a unified system of indicators for monitoring the economic security of municipalities.
The Role of Inland Waterway Transport in City Logistics
Authors: Wojewódzka-Król Krystyna , Rolbiecki Ryszard
Published: February 2021

The urbanization process indicates that today’s cities are the main centres where transport demands accumulate. This causes, in effect, an increase in freight and passenger traffic, which in turn contributes to a rise in environmental and noise pollution, accidents, and thus a deterioration of the quality of life in cities. Bearing in mind the numerous advantages of inland waterway transport, it can be assumed that in cities located near inland waterways, this branch can be seen as an important link in the urban logistics chain. Therefore, the aim of this article is to indicate the possibility of using this mode of transport to handle transport needs in cities. Thearticle uses the method of desk research, based on analysing andverifying facts and merging existing statistical data on the urbanization process and experiences related to the use of inland waterway transport to handle various transport needs in selected European cities. The article shows that in cargo transit, the use of inland waters in urban logistics is an attractive branch of transport, not only in such areas as transportation of construction materials or waste collection but also in transport related to the supply of stores. Positive experiences of Western European cities should inspire action to increase the use of this branch in urban logistics in Poland, e.g., in the city of Gdańsk, located above the Motława waterway.
Gubitak sadržaja u suvremenoj humanističkoj i filozofijskoj misli kroz prikaz razvoja škole kritičkog ontologizma
Authors: Žitko Pavao
Published: February 2021

U ovom se radu kriza humanistike promatra kroz prizmu aktualnog stanja filozofijske misli s kritičke pozicije talijanskog ontologizma. Utemeljujući status filozofije za cjeloviti pristup mogućnosti, dosega i sadržaja ljudske spoznaje opravdava se dvjema polaznim premisama: s povijesno-znanstvenog gledišta filozofijom se dugo vremena smatrala cjelovitost ljudskog znanja bez zasebnog disciplinarnog dijeljenja te posljedičnog ograničavanja na specifičnu domenu njegove metode i argumenta istraživanja, dok je filozofija danas pojmljena tek kao jedno od znanstvenih područja humanističke deklinacije. Sa spekulativno-sadržajnog, pak, stajališta filozofija je doživjela istu evolucijsku sudbinu grananja k vlastitim specifičnostima, analognu progresivnom razvoju prirodnih znanosti i njihovih spoznajnih prodiranja u strukture stvarnosti. Filozofija je, dakle, i kao disciplina doživjela sistemsko cijepanje ovisno o argumentu njezina istraživanja: filozofija povijesti, filozofija uma, estetika, logika, ontologija, filozofija prava itd., gubeći tako iz vida činjenicu da jedino humanističko područje u kojem se promišlja jedinstvenost svakog specifičnog argumenta spoznaje jest spekulativno područje filozofijske misli. Jedini argument koji ujedinjuje sve pojedinačne znanosti jest bitak kao takav kojim se aktualna filozofija gotovo uopće ne bavi.
Gubitak sadržaja u domeni suvremene filozofijske misli spekulativna je opaska Pantalea Carabellesea (1877. – 1948.), utemeljitelja talijanske kritičke ontologije, filozofijskog pravca idealističke provenijencije i akademski zastupljenog ponajviše na Sveučilištu u Perugii, a koja se korisnom ukazuje po pitanju analize nerazmjera u današnjoj percepciji važnosti i stvarne relevantnosti humanistike. Time se kao mogući uzrok sadašnje marginalizacije humanistike ne vidi samo njezin dijalektički odnos s drugim znanstvenim područjima i domenama daleko bližim aktualnom tehnološko-praktičnom duhu vremena, već se detektira i u njezinoj internoj strukturi čija parcijalnost ne odgovara univerzalnosti njezine metode i sadržaja istraživanja.
Humanistika iz perspektive transhumanizma i posthumanizma
Authors: Mičunović Milijana , Bosančić Boris
Published: February 2021

Transhumanizam je intelektualni, kulturni, znanstveni i umjetnički pokret koji, temeljen na sprezi znanosti, tehnologije i gospodarstva, podržava i potiče razvoj i uporabu novih znanstvenih i tehnoloških rješenja za poboljšanje ljudskih fizičkih, mentalnih i drugih sposobnosti. S druge strane, posthumanizam predstavlja termin koji se ponajviše veže uz redefiniranje pojma ljudskog, odnosno humanog u skladu s ontoepistemološkim, znanstvenim i biotehnološkim razvojem s kraja dvadesetog i početka dvadeset i prvog stoljeća. Neminovno se preklapajući, ta dva pokreta ili pravca mišljenja neumitno utječu i na razvoj humanistike koju u današnje vrijeme obilježava tzv. tiha kriza koja se očituje u zanemarivanju ne samo umjetnosti i humanističkih znanosti, već i imaginacije, kreativnosti i kritičkog mišljenja u svakom znanstvenom području. O budućnosti humanističkih znanosti iz perspektive transhumanizma i njegova sustava vrijednosti moguće je izdvojiti dva glavna uvida ili poveznice. Prvi se tiče pozicioniranja humanistike, odnosno njezina odnosa spram prirodnih i tehničkih znanosti, dok se drugi tiče pitanja vrijednosti i vještina koje humanističke znanosti žele promicati, posebno u odnosu na izazove koje donosi znanstveno-tehnološka revolucija. Iz posthumanističke perspektive pak predlaže se potpuna rekonfiguracija humanističkih znanosti koja bi dovela do toga da se čovjek ukloni iz središta humanističkih istraživanja. Stoga, humanistika mora mutirati u posthumanistiku, ultrahumanistiku i metahumanistiku, ako ne želi (p)ostati irelevantna i po strani razvoja i kretanja u suvremenom društvu. Kritička posthumanistika, u skladu s tim, predstavlja interdisciplinarno područje usmjereno na nove diskurse u području nehumanog, transhumanog, metahumanog i posthumanog, odnosno na različite percepcije fenomena ‘humanog’, a posljedično i percepcije humanistike u posthumanom dobu.
PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA IKAN HIAS AIR LAUT DENGAN PENGGUNAAN BIOFILTER PADA SISTEM RESIRKULASI
Authors: Sitinjak Ladestam , Sinaga Henry
Published: February 2021

Rendahnya kualitas dan kuantitas budidaya ikan disebabkan salah satunya eksploitasi laut yang terus menerus dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan biofilter pada sistem resirkulasi terhadap kualitas air yang digunakan untuk pengembangan budidaya ikan hias air laut. RAS (Recirculating Aquaculture System) merupakan teknik pengolahan air laut yang memadukan filter biologi dan fisika yang mampu meningkatkan kualitas air. Metode yang dilakukan adalah metode eksperimen dan menggunakan analisis data ANOVA (Analysis of Variant) yang disajikan dalam bentuk sidik ragam dan histogram. Kualitas air dengan sistem resirkulasi biofilter ini tergolong baik, yaitu suhu air 280C, salinitas 26 ppm dan kelulushidupan ikan hias air laut 100%.

Kata kunci: biofilter, ikan hias air laut, resirkulasi, terumbu karang
Soliter fibrous tumor of diaphragm in a patient with larynx cancer: Case report
Authors: Bengisu Arabaci , Kenan Can Ceylan , Sulun Ermete , Devrim Kilic , Seyda Ors Kaya
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Solitary fibrous tumor is a neoplasm of mesenchymal origin with benign and malignant forms. We aimed to present a case of solitary fibrous tumor which developed in a patient operated for laryngeal cancer and originated from diaphragm in the light of the literature. Case report: A 61-year-old male patient with tracheostomy with an undiagnosed lesion that appears to be almost 10 cm was referred to our clinic. Since it was a large volume mass, we chose to perform a thoracotomy over thorachoscopic approach. Discussion: Although solitary fibrous tumors most commonly occur in the pleura but may also originated from diaphragm, and our case is valuable that originates from diaphragmatic since there are less than 5 reported cases in literature for past two decades. Conclusion: Even in the case of recurrence, the main treatment remains as total surgical excision. Solitary fibrous tumors are usually detected because of compression symptoms. That is the main reason why we chose thoracotomy.
Acute urinary retention and hyponatremia from central hypothyroidism
Authors: Samson Erkabu , Zerihun Taddese , Biniam Bearega , Eyuel Daniel , Mekonen Birhanu
Published: February 2021

A mass arising from the pituitary gland commonly damages cells of the anterior pituitary gland and affects the secretion of gonadotropins and growth hormone. However, central hypothyroidism and secondary adrenal insufficiency from such damage is a rare phenomenon. Acute urinary retention as the main symptom of central hypothyroidism is also an unusual initial presentation. We report a male patient who comes with frequent urinary retention and hyponatremia at our hospital.
Study on Site Preparation and Restoration Techniques for Forest Restoration in Mining Tailings of Mariana, Brazil
Authors: Martins Sebastião Venâncio , Villa Pedro Manuel , Nabeta Fabio Haruki , Da Silva Leonardo Ferreira , Kruschewsky Gabriel Correa , Dias Andreia Aparecida
Published: February 2021

Ecological restoration in forest ecosystem is a priority in Mariana, Brazil. Thus, we evaluated the effects of passive and active restoration methods through different site preparation techniques by manipulating physical-chemical properties of substrates on tree community coverage in Mariana, Brazil. A total of 48 plots (12 × 12 m each) were established in two areas along the flood plains with accumulation of tailings. The following treatments were established: (1) planting of native tree seedlings with fertilization (PSf) and (2) without fertilization (PS); (3) direct seeding of native trees with fertilization (SDf) and (4) without fertilization (SD); (5) natural regeneration with fertilization (NRf) and (6) without fertilization (NR). Differences in substrate properties and tree community coverage were evaluated between treatments, the substrate properties and tree community coverage relationship, and main effects of substrate fertility and texture on tree community coverage. There were marked differences in substrate and plant coverage between treatments. On average, the highest plant coverage was found in treatment with fertilization, such as NRf (59,5%) and SDf (48%). However, the treatment with seedling planting (PSf and PS) and NR did not show differences (~37%), while the lowest values were observed in SD (23%). There is a strong relationship between substrate fertility and plant community coverage, with significant positive effects. We observed that the passive and active restoration methods can be complementary in the soil and plant community coverage recovery.
Phase transformations in nitrided ferrovanadium under the action of a high power carbon ion beams
Authors:   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Potemkin G.V. , Lepakova O.K. ,   Tomsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kitler V.D. ,   Tomsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhidkov M.V. ,   National Research Belgorod State University, Syrtanov M.S. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Ligachev А.Е. ,   Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2021

The phase and elemental composition of the near-surface layer of nitrided ferrovanadium irradiated with a high-power ion beam has been investigated by XRD and SEM methods. The impact of a powerful beam of the Temp-4M setup with an energy of carbon ions of 250 keV at a radiation pulse duration 10–7 s and a power density of charged particles qi ≥ 106 W/cm2 causes melting of the Fe-VN composite and partial evaporation of elements with a high vapor pressure from the surface layer. High-speed solidification of the melt on the surface of the Fe-VN target leads to the formation of highly dispersed vanadium nitride and tetragonal carbide Fe23C6 in the modified layer. After irradiation of Fe-VN with a high-power beam with qi ≈ 107 W/cm2 at a dose of ~ 1015 cm–2, a violation of the translational invariance of the distribution of intercalated carbon atoms, a structural redistribution of Fe and V atoms, and the formation of X-ray amorphous microliquations of Fe-V and gas-carbon complexes are observed in the modified layer.
Tribotechnical properties of composite materials based on thermoplastic polymer and organomineral fillers working under contact interaction with cotton-fiber
Authors:   State unitary enterprise “Fan Va Tarakkiyot”, Islam Karimov Tashkent State Technical University, Negmatov S.S. , Abed N.S. ,   State unitary enterprise “Fan Va Tarakkiyot”, Islam Karimov Tashkent State Technical University, Gulyamov G. ,   State unitary enterprise “Fan Va Tarakkiyot”, Islam Karimov Tashkent State Technical University, Khalimzhanov T.S. ,   State unitary enterprise “Fan Va Tarakkiyot”, Islam Karimov Tashkent State Technical University, Negmatova K.S. ,   State unitary enterprise “Fan Va Tarakkiyot”, Islam Karimov Tashkent State Technical University, Sadikova M.M. ,   State unitary enterprise “Fan Va Tarakkiyot”, Islam Karimov Tashkent State Technical University, Abdullaev O.Kh. ,   State unitary enterprise “Fan Va Tarakkiyot”, Islam Karimov Tashkent State Technical University, Bozorboev Sh.A. ,   State unitary enterprise “Fan Va Tarakkiyot”, Islam Karimov Tashkent State Technical University, Navruzov F.M. ,   State unitary enterprise “Fan Va Tarakkiyot”, Islam Karimov Tashkent State Technical University, Tulyaganova V.S. ,   State unitary enterprise “Fan Va Tarakkiyot”, Islam Karimov Tashkent State Technical University, Ikramov N. ,   State unitary enterprise “Fan Va Tarakkiyot”, Islam Karimov Tashkent State Technical University
Published: February 2021

The tribotechnical properties of composite materials (CM) based on a thermoplastic polymer and organomineral fillers operating under conditions of contact interaction with pulp are investigated using the example of raw cotton. The regularities of changes in the coefficient of friction and the intensity of wear of composites during contact interaction with raw cotton have been determined, the dependences of the temperature and magnitude of the electrostatic charge in the polymer-cotton and composite-cotton friction zone on the type and content of organic-mineral fillers in the CM have been studied. It has been established that the introduction of carbon-graphite fillers into the CM composition leads to a significant decrease in the friction coefficient, temperature and static electricity charge in the friction zone with raw cotton. The introduction of mineral fillers into CMs noticeably increases their coefficient of friction with raw cotton, the temperature and charge of electrostatic electricity in the friction zone with a simultaneous decrease in the wear rate, with the exception of fillers with a lamellar structure (talc, kaolin), when used, a decrease in the coefficient of friction is observed. The introduction of fillers with a fibrous structure leads to a significant decrease in the wear rate of polymer CMs and provides high strength and durability of the material under thermomechanical action. Effective compositions of antifriction and wear-resistant polymeric CMs have been developed for work in conditions of contact interaction with raw cotton.
Effect of the oxygen ion implantation on the physicochemical surface structure and corrosion-electrochemical behavior of high-chromium steel
Authors:   Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bystrov S.G. , Reshetnikov S.M. ,   Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Udmurt State University, Kolotov А.А. ,   Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Drozdov А.Yu. ,   Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bayankin V.Ya. ,   Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: February 2021

Potentiometry, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and microhardness measurements have been used to study the effect of oxygen ion implantation on the physicochemical structure of the surface and the corrosion-electrochemical behavior of high-chromium Fe-13Cr steel. It has been established that ion implantation leads to a significant reduction in material corrosion losses. Optimal from the point of view of surface passivation and, consequently, reduction of corrosion losses of the material is the regime of steel treatment with oxygen ions with a dose of D = 5·1016 cm–2 after which the sample demonstrates the most stable behavior during local and continuous corrosion. It is shown that the increase in the corrosion resistance of steel is due to the redistribution of elements in the surface layers of the samples caused by ion implantation and the intensive formation of spinels of variable composition, consisting of iron and chromium oxides with different oxidation states. In this case, the microhardness of the surface layers of the steel after ion implantation does not change significantly.
FEATURES OF THE INDUSTRIAL THEME DEVELOPMENT IN THE CREATIVITY OF DAGESTAN ARTISTS
Authors: Akhmedova Zaripat Abdullaevna
Published: February 2021

The author of the article considers the industrial theme as one of the important themes in the genre of house-hold paintings in the visual arts of Dagestan. The analyzed works reveal the peculiarities and diversity in the development of the theme during its formation, and in the post-war period. The scientific turnover includes previously unexplored works, which are of particular interest for a more complete study of genre (household) paintings in Dagestan fine art.
THE SPECIFITY OF FORMATION AND DECLINATION OF PERSONAL PRONOUNS IN THE DARGIN DIALECTS
Authors: Temirbulatova Sapiyakhanum Murtuzalievna
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the study of personal pronouns in Dargin dialects, in which two different lexical units are attested, denoting the 1st person of the unit: du and nu “I”. The features of their declination and formation of plural are identified and described. Paradigms of declension of inclusive (nihhya) and exclusive (nyssa) forms of pronouns in the Khaidak, Tsudakhar and Chirag dialects are given. Forms of inclusion and exclusivity that are not represented in the Dargin literary language and in most dialects of the Dargin language show genetically common lexical parallels in the Avar-Andean, Tsez and Lezgin languages, which indicate their ancient origin.
NOVEL BY E. KHAMAR-DABANOV “TRICKS IN THE CAUCASUS”: MOTIVED INCLUSION OF FOLK, SACRED, SACRAMENTAL
Authors: Khidirova Elmira Sirazhudinovna
Published: February 2021

The article focuses on the features of the artistic space of E. Khamar-Dabanov's work: the functional originality of folklore “inclusions”, the special mentality of the environment where the actions unfold, ethnic details, the folklore aesthetics which “highlighted” in the composition. The novel-pamphlet represents the modern author's epoch, certain persons and concrete facts: the prose writer tries to “eradicate”, eliminate or skilfully circumvent the elements of artistic fiction. The idea of including objective pictures of the conduct of the Caucasian war is represented.
FEMALE IMAGES IN LAK FOLK BALLADS
Authors: Gammakueva Aysha Saidovna
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the special analysis of female images in the ballads of Lak folklore: social, family, and love. They fully reveal the woman as a mother, wife, sister, beloved. Especially revealing are the ballads that depict the image of a female warrior. Among them there are heroines who are ready to take revenge on the enemy for the death of their brother. Many female images of Lak ballads express a protest against patriarchal oppression in the family. The subjects of these ballads are dramatic, tragic (“Burkha-Izazha”, “Dark-eyed Ashura”, “Udaman Alil”, etc.).
A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS SABERES NECESSÁRIOS A PRÁTICA DOCENTE
Authors: dos Santos Jesus Alexsandra , Santana dos Santos Mariluse
Published: February 2021

Esse artigo tem como objetivo discutir sobre a importância dos saberes necessários a prática docente. Ministrar aula não é uma tarefa fácil para quem ensina e principalmente para aquele que aprende. E são muitos os saberes e fazeres necessários na profissão docente para a garantia das aprendizagens e desenvolvimento das habilidades dos alunos. É no espaço escolar que o professor constrói seus saberes referentes ao ensino por meio da realização das suas atividades práticas. Ou seja, é nesse ambiente que produz saberes e fazeres próprios, se tornando autor da sua própria prática pedagógica. Quanto ao procedimento metodológico optou-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica que é obrigatória em qualquer modalidade de investigação científica. Conclui-se que com as mudanças ocorridas na sociedade, a prática docente sempre está em constantes transformações.