bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Next-generation reservoir computing based on memristor array
Authors: Ren Kuan , Zhang Wo-Yu , Wang Fei , Guo Ze-Yu , Shang Da-Shan ,   Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China,   Key Laboratory of Magnetic Levitation Technologies and Maglev Trains, Ministry of Education, Superconductivity and New Energy R&D Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Published: February 2022

As a kind of brain-inspired computing, reservoir computing (RC) has great potential applications in time sequence signal processing and chaotic dynamics system prediction due to its simple structure and few training parameters. Since in the RC randomly initialized network weights are used, it requires abundant data and calculation time for warm-up and parameter optimization. Recent research results show that an RC with linear activation nodes, combined with a feature vector, is mathematically equivalent to a nonlinear vector autoregression (NVAR) machine, which is named next-generation reservoir computing (NGRC). Although the NGRC can effectively alleviate the problems which traditional RC has, it still needs vast computing resources for multiplication operations. In the present work, a hardware implementation method of using computing-in memory paradigm for NGRC is proposed for the first time. We use memristor array to perform the matrix vector multiplication involved in the nonlinear vector autoregressive process for the improvement of the energy efficiency. The Lorenz63 time series prediction task is performed by simulation experiments with the memristor array, demonstrating the feasibility and robustness of this method, and the influence of the weight precision of the memristor devices on the prediction results is discussed. These results provide a promising way of implementing the hardware NGRC.
Biomarkers of non-communicable chronic disease: an update on contemporary methods
Authors: Al-hadlaq Solaiman M. , Balto Hanan A. , Hassan Wail M. , Marraiki Najat A. , El-Ansary Afaf K.
Published: February 2022

Chronic diseases constitute a major global burden with significant impact on health systems, economies, and quality of life. Chronic diseases include a broad range of diseases that can be communicable or non-communicable. Chronic diseases are often associated with modifications of normal physiological levels of various analytes that are routinely measured in serum and other body fluids, as well as pathological findings, such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Identification of at-risk populations, early diagnosis, and prediction of prognosis play a major role in preventing or reducing the burden of chronic diseases. Biomarkers are tools that are used by health professionals to aid in the identification and management of chronic diseases. Biomarkers can be diagnostic, predictive, or prognostic. Several individual or grouped biomarkers have been used successfully in the diagnosis and prediction of certain chronic diseases, however, it is generally accepted that a more sophisticated approach to link and interpret various biomarkers involved in chronic disease is necessary to improve our current procedures. In order to ensure a comprehensive and unbiased coverage of the literature, first a primary frame of the manuscript (title, headings and subheadings) was drafted by the authors working on this paper. Second, based on the components drafted in the preliminary skeleton a comprehensive search of the literature was performed using the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. Multiple keywords related to the topic were used. Out of screened papers, only 190 papers, which are the most relevant, and recent articles were selected to cover the topic in relation to etiological mechanisms of different chronic diseases, the most recently used biomarkers of chronic diseases and finally the advances in the applications of multivariate biomarkers of chronic diseases as statistical and clinically applied tool for the early diagnosis of chronic diseases was discussed. Recently, multivariate biomarkers analysis approach has been employed with promising prospect. A brief discussion of the multivariate approach for the early diagnosis of the most common chronic diseases was highlighted in this review. The use of diagnostic algorithms might show the way for novel criteria and enhanced diagnostic effectiveness inpatients with one or numerous non-communicable chronic diseases. The search for new relevant biomarkers for the better diagnosis of patients with non-communicable chronic diseases according to the risk of progression, sickness, and fatality is ongoing. It is important to determine whether the newly identified biomarkers are purely associations or real biomarkers of underlying pathophysiological processes. Use of multivariate analysis could be of great importance in this regard.
ANATOMICAL ENTITY OF NABHI MARMA: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Manohar Jannu , Nath Pashupati
Published: February 2022

The Nabhi is the site of Prana, also Moolasthana of Sira. The Nabhi Marma is located between the Pakvashaya and Amashaya of the body (Udara Marma), Sira Marma. Injury to Nabhi Marma can cause immediate death or death within seven days (Sadhyahara Pranahara). Measurement of Nabhi Marma is about 4 Angula Pramana. It is also a surface landmark of the anterior abdominal wall. The exact location & structure of Nabhi Marma is not mentioned in the classics; scattered references are available in classical texts of Ayurveda about Nabhi, which does not make a proper interpretation. So, there is a need to properly review & observation to assess the possible location & structure of Nabhi Marma.
Potential Application of Citrus Valencia Essential Oil (EO) on Three Mango Varieties and It Effects on the Quality Attributes of the Fruits
Authors: Ojotu Eke, Mike , Collins Njomweh Kongyuy,
Published: February 2022

In today’s world, synthetic preservatives, pesticides, fungicides, etc., misused are a call for concern, especially in the current health-conscious generation, whose consciousness to an extent have been due to the outbreak of many unknown and doubtful diseases. As such consumers' demands for as natural as possible or organic food have pushed food scientists, processors, preservatory, etc. to look for alternative natural sources especially plant botanicals. This study, therefore, extracted essential oil (EO) from orange peels (waste) of citrus Valencia fruit by a mechanical cold-press method. The essential oil was used for the treatment of three varieties of mango fruits (Broken, John, and Julie) and which were stored at room temperature. The fruits were then sampled and analyzed for quality attributes at four days intervals, from which the result of the control and treated mango fruits showed that citrus EO could extend the shelf-life of mango fruit by retaining most of the organoleptic properties in the unripped form. And in which 0.3 and 0.4 percent of the EO in carrier oil happens to show the best quality retention, a recommended percentage is used for further findings. However, it should be noted that the treated mango fruits did not ripen and that the immediate greenish outside of the peels due to the acidic nature of the extracted oil was also soft, but not the pulp of the fruits.
In vitro Measurement of Anticoagulant Effect of Acacia Nilotica Aqueous Extract on Normal Human Plasma
Authors: Naser Saeed Shaima , Elhadi Elsadig Ahmed , A. M. Hamid Tarig
Published: February 2022

Aims: To determine the anticoagulant effect of Acacia Nilotica aqueous extract on normal human plasma.

Study Design: This is an experimental study.

Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory sciences, Alzaiem Alazhari, Khartoum – Sudan, during the period from July – August 2021.

Methodology: A total of 20 human blood samples were collected for this study from apparently healthy subjects following ethical considerations. Samples were collected in tri-sodium citrate and platelets poor plasma (PPP) were immediately prepared by centrifugation. Aqueous solution of Acacia nilotica was prepared with distilled water (D.W), three concentrations of the solution (50%, 75% and 100%) were prepared. Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were tested by manual method before and after adding different concentrations of Acacia Nilotica solution. Statistical tests were performed by using SPSS version 16.

Results: The results of study showed that Acacia Nilotica significantly prolonged the PT and APTT results of human plasma (P values for 50%, 75% and 100% solutions  were 0.000, 0.000 and 0.000 while for APTT 0.036, 0.000 and 0.000 for PT respectively). Also the study showed no significant correlation between control and A. nilotica concentrations among coagulation profile, except a significant positive correlation between control and 75% Acacia nilotica on APPT.

Conclusion: Acacia Nilotica solutions had anticoagulant effect in human plasma, and could be nominated as a potential preventive agent for thromboembolic diseases.
FACTORS AFFECTING SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTMENT INTENTIONS INVESTORS IN SURABAYA
Authors: Geraldine Jesselyn , Ottemoesoe R. Shanti D.
Published: February 2022

Socially responsible investment (SRI) is an investment that considers financial goals and non-financial goals such as social, ethical, and environmental-related matters. This study aims to examine the factors that influence SRI intentions on 113 investors in Surabaya using the theory of reasoned action (TRA), attitude and subjective norms, and three additional variables, namely moral norms, financial literacy, and returns. The research data was obtained from distributing questionnaires through Google Forms. Data processing is carried out using Partial Least Square's method with the SmartPLS application. The study results found that all study's independent variables had a significant positive effect on SRI intentions.
INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY, MANAGERIAL EXPERIENCE ON FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE OF SMES IN SURABAYA
Authors: Heryanto Olivia Aurelia , Leng Pwee
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of financial literacy and managerial experience on financial management performance of SMEs. The data collection technique in this study was using a questionnaire distributed to 400 SME owners in Surabaya. The data that has been collected is then processed by the logistic regression analysis method using the software IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The results show that financial literacy and managerial experience variables significantly affect financial management performance variables.
HISTÓRIA E MEMÓRIA EM O OUTONO DO PATRIARCA DE GABRIEL GARCÍA MÁRQUEZ
Authors: Torre Michelle Márcia Cobra
Published: February 2022

O artigo propõe discutir as relações entre história e memória no romance O outono do patriarca, do escritor colombiano Gabriel García Márquez, publicado em 1975. Parte-se de uma discussão baseada em textos teóricos sobre memória e história, de pensadores como Paul Ricoeur, Michael Pollak, Hugo Achugar e Jacques Le Goff. O estudo enfoca como o patriarca, personagem do romance, forja uma memória oficial para o país que domina, e como, com a morte do ditador, outros relatos, que foram marginalizados e silenciados pela história oficial do governo, surgem na cena pública construindo outras histórias da pátria. Ressalte-se que o artigo aborda as relações da história com a literatura, no que se refere à ditadura e ao personagem patriarca do romance, bem como aborda as disputas pela memória e o desnudamento da narrativa histórica oficial, que justificava o poder absoluto do patriarca.
A DUALIDADE CÔMICA DA TRISTE FIGURA: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A CARNAVALIZAÇÃO BARROCA DA OBRA DON QUIJOTE
Authors: Silveira Mariane Rocha , Boff Josiane , Aquino Ivânia Campigotto
Published: February 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivos principais analisar a primeira parte da obra Don Quijote de La Mancha, de Miguel de Cervantes, El Ingenioso Hidalgo Don Quijote de La Mancha, à luz de Mikhail Bakhtin (1981, 2013) e apresentar algumas reflexões sobre as características do período em que foi escrita, o Barroco, com o apoio de López et al. (2004), Valentín (2010) e Villegas (2012). Para tanto, apresentam-se os principais pontos sobre a carnavalização e sua origem na Idade Média e as questões do riso e da dualidade de mundo, além do Barroco como importante período surgido de uma reação católica, que movimentou distintas instâncias, como a arte literária. A metodologia utilizada caracteriza o artigo como qualitativo-descritivo e bibliográfico. Por meio da análise, mostram-se as dualidades como a loucura e razão, além da construção ficcional e a inspiração medieval.
ANÁLISE DOS TERMOS “DOR” E “GUAPO” PRESENTES NO ATLAS LINGUÍSTICO GALEGO E SUA VITALIDADE NO TWITTER: UMA PROPOSTA METODOLÓGICA
Authors: Claro Daniela Barreiro , Ribeiro Silvana Soares Costa , Jesus Luis Emanuel Neves de
Published: February 2022

O artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma análise comparativa, com abordagem quantitativa e diatópica, referente a termos registrados no Atlas Linguístico Galego em relação aos coletados no Twitter. Especificamente, pretende-se analisar a vitalidade dos termos que constam no ALGa (volume V), verificando-se se tais termos continuam sendo utilizados para se comunicar nos tweets. Para concretização do objetivo, desenvolveu-se uma metodologia específica que foi testada com os dados selecionados. Os resultados obtidos revelam que é possível analisar a vitalidade de alguns termos, mas que alguns ajustes metodológicos são necessários a fim de alcançar o objetivo com os termos do ALGa.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA FIGURA E OBRA DE ROSALÍA DE CASTRO NA GALÍCIA ALÉM-MAR E A PARTICIPAÇÃO FEMININA NO CONTEXTO DA EMIGRAÇÃO
Authors: Monteiro Bárbara Patoléa , Uzêda Pedro Camargo Rodrigues
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo, parte importante da pesquisa de mestrado de ambos os pesquisadores, visa compreender a influência histórica do processo migratório que assolou a Galícia entre o final do século XIX e início do século XX sob os olhares de Rosalía de Castro. Apesar de sua obra estar datada até finais do século XIX, as consequências de suas produções foram além, afetando o processo de construção da migração para os galegos no novo mundo, os quais consideram Rosalía um símbolo da narrativa das dores e consequências da fuga na região. Verificamos, também, como a autora dedica uma parte de Follas Novas às mulheres galegas, tópico importante em sua obra. A metodologia utilizada passou pela análise bibliográfica de diferentes autores e temas, levando em consideração as distintas visões sobre o processo migratório galego e as construções das obras rosalianas.
A APOTEOSE ERÓTICA DE CLAUDIO RODRÍGUEZ FER
Authors: Souza Filho Leilson Assad de , Valladares Saturnino
Published: February 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar “Somente a apoteose”, primeira parte da obra Uma temporada no paraíso do poeta galego Claudio Rodríguez Fer. Com este propósito mostrarei alguns poemas nos que predominam a temática erótica, o compromisso social e a utopia libertária. Além de A dupla chama de Octavio Paz, usarei como embasamento teórico os estudos de especialistas neste autor, como Saturnino Valladares, Olga Novo e Natalia Regueiro. De grande riqueza temática, os micropoemas de “Somente a apoteose” mantêm as características que referenciam o poeta como pioneiro no tratamento do erotismo na literatura galega.
MEMÓRIAS DA BAHIA: CARTAS DA IMIGRAÇÃO GALEGA
Authors: Leiro Lúcia Tavares
Published: February 2022

As cartas dos irmãos Leiro Duran formam um acervo importante para a memória da imigração galega em Salvador. Como gênero discursivo (BAKHTIN, 2016), as cartas são textos socialmente e historicamente produzidos na cultura. Por meio delas, os imigrantes galegos falavam com os seus familiares na Galícia e enviavam remessas financeiras e culturais. Estudá-las nos permite adentrar nos meandros dos enunciados, no repertório léxico-discursivo do escrevente, a partir de sua voz, impressões, motivações e sentimentos. As três cartas usadas neste artigo foram escritas por Candido Leiro Duran ao seu pai, durante a primeira metade do século XX. A investigação baseou-se na leitura e digitalização dos manuscritos, transcrição digitada e análise fundamentada no conceito de egodocumento (GROßE, 2015), de modalidade discursiva (BARCIA, 2012), de egosespecularidade e ancestralidade discursiva (LEIRO, 2021).
Flow-3D Analysis on the Scour Characteristics of Artificial Reef-Installed Soils with Various Particle Sizes
Authors: Yun Dae-Ho , Kim Jeong-Tae , Yoon Han-Sam , Na Won-Bae , Kim Yun-Tae
Published: February 2022

Artificial reef-installed seabeds may have significantly different scouring patterns depending on the ground conditions, such as the soil particle size, even though the flow velocity and water depth are similar. In this study, the scour characteristics of the ground were determined using Flow-3D to evaluate the geotechnical stability of artificial reefs installed on various seabeds, such as sand, silt, and clay. The analysis results indicated that the smaller the particle size of the soil, the larger the amount of scour that occurs around the artificial reef and the longer it takes to reach an equilibrium state. However, eroded soil particles were deposited on the rear part of the artificial reef as the soil particle size increased. The maximum scour depth and average particle size showed a non-linear relationship. In particular, the maximum scour depth increased significantly in fine-grained soils.
Assessment of Water Cycle in Agricultural Watershed Based on Canal Network Modeling
Authors: Kim Ha-Young , Nam Won-Ho , Mun Young-Sik , Shin Ji-Hyeon , Yang Mi-Hye
Published: February 2022

Recently, various factors such as climate change, watershed environment change, and, socio-economic change, have been shown to have a major impact on the hydrological water cycle and on available water resources in agricultural watersheds. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the water cycle elements of watersheds accurately and to quantify them objectively. Agricultural watersheds can be divided into the basin, irrigation facilities such as reservoir and pumping stations, irrigation areas, and water cycle elements such as rainfall and evapotranspiration water supply and demand. A systematic management system of agricultural water cycle should be established through element analysis, module development, and modeling techniques for comprehensive interpretation of agricultural watersheds. This study involved the monitoring and modeling of inlet, outlet, and reservoir to analyze and quantify water cycle elements in the Madun reservoir (located in Anseong, Gyeonggi-do) and Heungeop reservoir (located in Wonju, Gangwon-do). The watershed runoff, water supply and drainage of irrigation canal, and return flow were estimated using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) based on analysis of canal networks and hydraulic calculations. These results can be utilized to ensure stable supply of agricultural water resources and to inform water management policies.
The critical function of metabolic reprogramming in cancer metastasis
Authors: Xie Sun‐Zhe , Pan Jun‐Jie , Xu Jian‐Feng , Zhu Wen‐wei , Qin Lun‐Xiu
Published: February 2022

Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of cancer‐related death. It is a complex, inefficient, and multistep process related to poor prognosis and high mortality of patients. Increasing evidence has shown that metabolic programming is a recognized hallmarker of cancer, plays a critical role in cancer metastasis. Metabolism alterations of glucose, lipid, and amino acid provide cancer cells with energy and substances for biosynthesis, maintain biofunctions and significantly affect proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex system formed by varieties of cellular and noncellular elements. Nontumor cells in TME also undergo metabolic reprogramming or respond to metabolites to promote migration and invasion of cancer cells. A comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanism in metastasis from the metabolic reprogramming aspect is required to develop new therapeutic strategies combatting cancer metastasis. This review illustrates the metabolic reprogramming and interaction of cancer cells and nontumor cells in the TME, and the development of treatment strategies targeting metabolism alterations.
Increased risk of cancer in dogs and humans: A consequence of recent extension of lifespan beyond evolutionarily determined limitations?
Authors: Sarver Aaron L. , Makielski Kelly M. , DePauw Taylor A. , Schulte Ashley J. , Modiano Jaime F.
Published: February 2022

Cancer is among the most common causes of death for dogs (and cats) and humans in the developed world, even though it is uncommon in wildlife and other domestic animals. We provide a rationale for this observation based on recent advances in our understanding of the evolutionary basis of cancer. Over the course of evolutionary time, species have acquired and fine‐tuned adaptive cancer‐protective mechanisms that are intrinsically related to their energy demands, reproductive strategies, and expected lifespan. These cancer‐protective mechanisms are general across species and/or specific to each species and their niche, and they do not seem to be limited in diversity. The evolutionarily acquired cancer‐free longevity that defines a species’ life history can explain why the relative cancer risk, rate, and incidence are largely similar across most species in the animal kingdom despite differences in body size and life expectancy. The molecular, cellular, and metabolic events that promote malignant transformation and cancerous growth can overcome these adaptive, species‐specific protective mechanisms in a small proportion of individuals, while independently, some individuals in the population might achieve exceptional longevity. In dogs and humans, recent dramatic alterations in healthcare and social structures have allowed increasing numbers of individuals in both species to far exceed their species‐adapted longevities (by two to four times) without allowing the time necessary for compensatory natural selection. In other words, the cancer‐protective mechanisms that restrain risk at comparable levels to other species for their adapted lifespan are incapable of providing cancer protection over this recent, drastic, and widespread increase in longevity.
Contact Separation Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based Neural Interfacing for Effective Sciatic Nerve Restoration
Authors: Zhou Mi , Huang Mingkun , Zhong Hao , Xing Cong , An Yang , Zhu Rusen , Jia Zeyu , Qu Haodong , Zhu Shibo , Liu Song , Wang Liyue , Ma Hongpeng , Qu Zhigang , Ning Guangzhi , Feng Shiqing
Published: February 2022

Peripheral nerve injuries represent one of the most common causes of permanent disabilities. Therapeutic electrical stimulation has been widely used in neural regeneration for decades. Combined with the implantation of a nerve cuff, several outcomes have proven effectiveness and feasibility in neuroprosthetic applications. However, the current electrical stimulation strategy fails to complete nerve repair. There is a lack of research on long‐term implantable nanogenerators in the neurostimulation scenario. Especially considering many disease models, those devices may not reach the in vitro simulative working setting. Thus, an implanted sciatic nerve stimulation system that spontaneously generates biphasic electric pulses in response to rats’ movement is developed. The electric signals generated by this device could stimulate injured sciatic nerve by cuff electrode. This work introduces an implantable self‐regulated neural electrical stimulation system generated by a contact separation triboelectric nanogenerator with a nerve cuff electrode and compares it with chronic therapeutic electrical stimulation for sciatic nerve restoration effect. Neural function restoration is observed in gait and histological analysis. Moreover, the upregulation of growth associated protein 43 can be a protentional target. This could have potential clinical application in facilitating closed‐loop energy harvesting for long‐term electrical stimulation.
Full‐Dimensional Grain Boundary Stress Release for Flexible Perovskite Indoor Photovoltaics
Authors: Chen Chun‐Hao , Su Zhen‐Huang , Lou Yan‐Hui , Yu Yan‐Jun , Wang Kai‐Li , Liu Gen‐Lin , Shi Yi‐Ran , Chen Jing , Cao Jun‐Jie , Zhang Liang , Gao Xing‐Yu , Wang Zhao‐Kui
Published: February 2022

Perovskite photovoltaics are strong potential candidates to drive low‐power off‐grid electronics for indoor applications. Compared with rigid devices, flexible perovskite devices can provide a more suitable surface for indoor small electronic devices, enabling them have a broader indoor application prospect. However, the mechanical stability of flexible perovskite photovoltaics is an urgent issue solved. Herein, a kind of 3D crosslinking agent named borax is selected to carry out grain boundary penetration treatment on perovskite film to realize full‐dimensional stress release. This strategy improves the mechanical and phase stabilities of perovskite films subjected to external forces or large temperature changes. The fabricated perovskite photovoltaics deliver a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.63% under AM 1.5G illumination, which is the highest one to date. The merit of low trap states under weak light makes the devices present a superior indoor PCE of 31.85% under 1062 lux (LED, 2956 K), which is currently the best flexible perovskite indoor photovoltaic device. This work provides a full‐dimensional grain boundary stress release strategy for highly stable flexible perovskite indoor photovoltaics.
Prospects of Metal‐Free Perovskites for Piezoelectric Applications
Authors: Wu Han‐Song , Murti Bayu Tri , Singh Jitendra , Yang Po‐Kang , Tsai Meng‐Lin
Published: February 2022

Metal‐halide perovskites have emerged as versatile materials for various electronic and optoelectronic devices such as diodes, solar cells, photodetectors, and sensors due to their interesting properties of high absorption coefficient in the visible regime, tunable bandgap, and high power conversion efficiency. Recently, metal‐free organic perovskites have also emerged as a particular class of perovskites materials for piezoelectric applications. This broadens the chemical variety of perovskite structures with good mechanical adaptability, light‐weight, and low‐cost processability. Despite these achievements, the fundamental understanding of the underlying phenomenon of piezoelectricity in metal‐free perovskites is still lacking. Therefore, this perspective emphasizes the overview of piezoelectric properties of metal‐halide, metal‐free perovskites, and their recent progress which may encourage material designs to enhance their applicability towards practical applications. Finally, challenges and outlooks of piezoelectric metal‐free perovskites are highlighted for their future developments.
Manipulating molecular aggregation and crystalline behavior of A‐DA'D‐A type acceptors by side chain engineering in organic solar cells
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Rui , Wei Qingya , Zhu Can , Yuan Jun , Gao Feng , Zou Yingping
Published: February 2022

Alkyl chains engineering plays an important role in photovoltaic materials for organic solar cells. Herein, three A‐DA'D‐A (acceptor–donor–acceptor'–donor–acceptor) type acceptors named Y6, Y6‐C4, and Y6‐C5 with different branching position on the pyrrole motif are discussed and the relationship between molecular aggregation, crystalline, and device performance are systematically investigated. The distance between the branching position and the main backbone affects their optical absorption and energy levels. Y6‐C4 and Y6‐C5 with the branching position at the fourth and fifth carbon of the alkyl chain show blue‐shifted absorption and increased electrochemical bandgaps, compared with Y6 with the branching position at the second carbon of the alkyl side chain. In addition, this distance influences the molecular aggregation and crystalline behavior of the donor/acceptor blends. Compared with Y6‐C4, Y6‐C5 possesses a stronger crystalline and aggregate ability in the blends with a lower non‐radiative energy loss, which results in a higher open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.88 V. Finally, Y6‐C5‐based binary device achieved a high power conversion efficiency up to 16.73% with afill factor (FF) of 0.78. These results demonstrate that the side chain engineering is an effective strategy for tuning the molecular aggregation and crystalline to improve photovoltaic performance of the A‐DA'D‐A type acceptors.
The role of hydrogen‐bond in solubilizing drugs by ionic liquids: A molecular dynamics and density functional theory study
Authors: Huang Yiping , Ouyang Defang , Ji Yuanhui
Published: February 2022

The solvation mechanisms of aspirin and etomidate in four combinations of [Emim]+ and [BuGun]+ paired with [OAc]− and [NTf2]− were systematically studied by molecular dynamics simulations and DFT calculations. It was shown that the favorable solvation of aspirin and etomidate correlated well with hydrogen‐bond (H‐bond) basicity of anions and the H‐bond acidity of cations, respectively. Wherein, the H‐bond between aspirin and [OAc]− anion with high H‐bond basicity possessed covalent feature, so ILs containing [OAc]− anion has the best effective in solubilizing aspirin. However, H‐bond interactions between etomidate and cations exhibited an electrostatic dominant, and moderate cation–anion interaction could weaken it. Accordingly, for etomidate, the best ILs solvent comprised a weakly interacting anion and a cation with strong H‐bond acidity, that is, [BuGun][NTf2]. This solvation difference was because aspirin with carboxyl group displayed strongly H‐bond donating characteristic, whereas etomidate with no active hydrogen protons mainly formed H‐bond with cations. Additionally, we found that π–π stacking interactions were of secondary importance for the solubilization of etomidate, but little for aspirin. These simulations will be helpful for experimental design new ILs to solubilize some drugs with aspirin‐like or etomidate‐like structures.
Paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 2 resulting in a concurrent presentation of Crigler–Najjar syndrome type I and long‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Knapp Anna , Jagła Mateusz , Madetko‐Talowska Anna , Szewczyk Katarzyna , Książek Teofila , Końska Katarzyna , Kwinta Przemko
Published: February 2022

This is the first report of the concurrent development of long‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD) and Crigler–Najjar syndrome type 1 (CNs1) inherited via uniparental disomy of chromosome 2, which are both autosomal recessive pathologies. Through an expanded newborn metabolic panel, a male infant was identified as having an acylcarnitine pattern typical for LCHADD, later confirmed to be caused by a well‐characterized pathogenic variant in the HADHA gene located at 2p23. Prolonged non‐hematologic jaundice requiring repetitive phototherapy prompted further genetic analysis, leading to the identification of another genetic abnormality consistent with CNs1, which was caused by a novel pathogenic variant in the UGT1A1 gene located at 2q37. The two identified point mutations in chromosome 2 were homozygous and present on separate arms, which indicated potential uniparental disomy. Microarray analysis of the genetic material from the patient and his parents confirmed paternal isodisomy of chromosome 2. Further studies are needed to identify other possible pathogenic variants located on the same defective chromosome, evaluate the combined effect of the two metabolic abnormalities, and plan the best possible treatment and care.
Cooperative Gold/Zinc‐Catalyzed Cascade Approach to Tryptophan Derivatives from N‐arylhydroxylamines and Alkynes
Authors: Wang Min , Liu Xiao , Wang Liying , Lu Haifeng , Gao Hongyin
Published: February 2022

A cooperative gold/zinc catalyzed strategy for the synthesis of tryptophan derivatives from easily prepared N‐arylhydroxylamines and chiral amino acid tethered alkynes with high efficiency has been developed. The structurally diverse tryptophan derivatives including pharmaceutical relevant molecules can be readily prepared by this method. This tandem transformation starts from acyclic simple materials rather than the existing methods by modifying indole skeletons.
Large Terahertz Phase Shift Induced by Photothermal Effect of Gold Nanoparticles Incorporated with Toluene
Authors: Li Yuanpeng , Zhang Dainan , Liao Yulong , Zhong Zhiyong , Wen Tianlong
Published: February 2022

Phase and amplitude modulation of propagating terahertz (THz) waves in free space is essential for many rapidly developing THz technologies. Herein, an all‐optical, high‐performance, and ultra‐broadband THz phase shifter is demonstrated. Tunable phase shift is achieved by the photothermal effect of plasmonic gold nanoparticles in toluene, which can induce variations in the THz refractive index of toluene as the temperature increases. A phase shift of 270° at 1 THz can be achieved under a laser irradiation of 2.5 W (3.9 W cm−2) on the mixture solution. Constructive and destructive interference of THz waves can be achieved by tuning the relative phase of two split THz waves, which can be controlled by the power of the irradiation laser. This is the first broadband THz phase modulator in free space driven by optical stimuli, and it provides a new solution for tuning the phase shift of THz waves.
Comprehensive Pore Tuning in an Ultrastable Fluorinated Anion Cross‐Linked Cage‐Like MOF for Simultaneous Benchmark Propyne Recovery and Propylene Purification
Authors: Jiang Yunjia , Hu Jianbo , Wang Lingyao , Sun Wanqi , Xu Nuo , Krishna Rajamani , Duttwyler Simon , Cui Xili , Xing Huabin , Zhang Yuanbin
Published: February 2022

Propyne/propylene (C3H4/C3H6) separation is an important but challenging industrial process to produce polymer‐grade C3H6and recover high‐purity C3H4. Herein, we report an ultrastable TiF62−anion cross‐linked metal–organic framework (ZNU‐2) with precisely controlled pore size, shape and functionality for benchmark C3H4storage (3.9/7.7 mmol g−1at 0.01/1.0 bar and 298 K) and record high C3H4/C3H6(10/90) separation potential (31.0 mol kg−1). The remarkable C3H4/C3H6(1/99, 10/90, 50/50) separation performance was fully demonstrated by simulated and experimental breakthroughs under various conditions with excellent recyclability and high productivity (42 mol kg−1) of polymer‐grade C3H6from a 1/99 C3H4/C3H6mixture. A modelling study revealed that the symmetrical spatial distribution of six TiF62−on the icosahedral cage surface provides two distinct binding sites for C3H4adsorption: one serves as a tailored single C3H4molecule trap and the other boosts C3H4accommodation by cooperative host–guest and guest–guest interactions.
Shape memory poly (glycerol sebacate)‐based electrospun fiber scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: A review
Authors: Zulkifli Zulaikha , Tan Jun Jie , Ku Marsilla Ku Ishak , Rusli Arjulizan , Abdullah Muhammad Khalil , Shuib Raa Khimi , Shafiq Mohamad Danial , Abdul Hamid Zuratul Ain
Published: February 2022

Electrospun fiber scaffolds has made a huge progress in tissue engineering applications owing to their continuous morphology with variable chemical, physical, and biological properties. In this review paper, we reviewed the electrospinning technique, its processing parameters and characterizations involved. A focus on shape memory poly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS)‐based electrospun fiber scaffolds for tissue engineering field was explored. The stimuli responsive PGS scaffold has gained much attention due to its ability to self‐expanding, self‐deploying, or self‐fitting. Herein, the electrospinning of shape memory PGS‐based scaffolds, particularly their processing parameters, properties, and characterizations have been reviewed. Besides, other issues concerning the technology constraints, challenges, and future directions are also discussed.
The closest evolutionary relatives of pterosaurs: What the morphospace occupation of different skeletal regions tell us about lagerpetids
Authors: Müller Rodrigo T.
Published: February 2022

Exquisite discoveries and new interpretations regarding an enigmatic group of cursorial avemetatarsalians led to a new phylogenetic hypothesis regarding pterosaur affinities. Previously thought to be dinosaur precursors, lagerpetids are now considered to be the closest relatives to pterosaurs. This new hypothesis sheds light on a new explorable field, especially regarding the character acquisition and evolution within the pterosaur lineage. In the present study, the morphospace occupation of distinct skeletal regions of lagerpetids within the morphological spectrum of avemetatarsalians is investigated. This approach indicates which portions of the skeleton are more similar to the anatomy of pterosaurs and which portions present different homoplastic signals. The analyses demonstrate that the craniomandibular traits of lagerpetids are pterosaur‐like, the pectoral girdle and forelimb are dinosauromorph‐like and the axial skeleton and the pelvic girdle and hindlimb are unique and highly specialized among the analyzed sample. So, despite the close phylogenetic relationships, the postcranial skeleton of lagerpetids and pterosaurs are very different. The occurrence of two distinct and highly specialized groups of pterosauromorphs coexisting with a wide ecological range of dinosauromorphs during the Triassic suggests pressure for new niches occupation.
Opioid use and associated factors among pancreatic cancer patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2015
Authors: Lu Zhanni , Zhang Ning , Giordano Sharon H. , Zhao Hui
Published: February 2022

Background

Opioid therapy provides essential pain relief for cancer patients. We used the population‐based Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) linked with Medicare database to identify the patterns of opioid use and associated factors in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cancer patients 66 years or older.

Patients and Methods

We assessed opioid types, dispensed days, opioid uptake rates, and factors associated with opioid use after pancreatic adenocarcinoma cancer diagnosis in Medicare beneficiaries between 2007 and 2015 from the SEER‐Medicare data. Multivariable regression analysis was used to adjust for a variety of patient‐related factors.

Results

We identified a cohort of 10,745 pancreatic cancer patients with a median age of 76 years old and median survival of 7 months; 75% of patients‐initiated opioids after cancer diagnosis. African Americans had the lowest rate of opioid use of 69.1% compared with all other race/ethnicity groups at around 75%. No significant yearly trend of prescribing opioids was detected. Hydrocodone was the most frequently prescribed opioid type. Regression analysis revealed that age ≤80 years, residing in Southern or Western SEER registries, residing in urban/less urban versus big metro areas, having stage IV cancer at diagnosis, longer survival time, and undertaking cancer‐directed treatment or using palliative care were positively associated with opioid initiation, more prescribed opioid types, and higher opioid doses.

Discussion

While a range of sociodemographic variables were associated with opioid use in unadjusted analysis, the associations between race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status with opioid initiation disappeared when sociodemographic factors, tumor characteristics, and cancer treatment were adjusted.

Conclusion

Health care professionals' opioid prescription pattern for pancreatic cancer patients does not parallel the U.S. opioid epidemic. Racial/ethnic disparities in opioid treatment were not identified.
Remdesivir for COVID‐19 pneumonia in patients with severe chronic kidney disease: A Case series and review of the literature
Authors: Al Bishawi Ahmad , Abdel Hadi Hamad , Elmekaty Eman , Al Samawi Musaed , Nair Arun , Abou Kamar Mohammed , Al Maslamani Muna , Abdelmajid Alaaeldin
Published: February 2022

Remdesivir was the first antiviral agent to receive FDA authorization for severe COVID‐19 management, which restricts its use with severe renal impairment due to concerns that active metabolites might accumulate, causing renal toxicities. With limited treatment options, available evidence on such patient groups is important to assess for future safety.
Bell's palsy after Sputnik V COVID‐19 (Gam‐COVID‐Vac) vaccination
Authors: Mirmosayyeb Omid , Barzegar Mahdi , Rezaei Mina , Baharlouie Negar , Shaygannejad Vahid
Published: February 2022

A possible association between Bell's palsy and COVID‐19 vaccination has been suggested previously. Here, we report two cases of facial nerve hemiparalysis following the Sputnik V COVID‐19 vaccination in a 27‐year‐old female patient and a 58‐year‐old male patient who were both clinically diagnosed with Bell's palsy.
3D Printed Microreactors for the Continuous Non‐Kolbe Electrolysis
Authors: Kurig Nils , Meyers Jérôme , Richter Elisabeth , Palkovits Stefan , Palkovits Regina
Published: February 2022

In the renaissance of organic electrochemistry, 150‐year‐old Kolbe chemistry offers a sustainable pathway to liquid energy carriers and commodities. Herein, easy‐access design methods for electrochemical microreactors employing 3D printing and simple post processing techniques are presented. The continuous Non‐Kolbe electrolysis of monomethyl succinic acid is studied as a test reaction for the production of an industrially relevant, green monomer. In a semi‐batch setup, methyl acrylate is produced with a maximum yield of 34 %, similar to results from a thoroughly optimized batch reaction in a prior study. In single‐pass experiments, a comparable faradaic efficiency of 54 % is achieved.
PET as a Translational Tool in Drug Development for Neuroscience Compounds
Authors: Varrone Andrea , Bundgaard Christoffer , Bang‐Andersen Benny
Published: February 2022

In central nervous system drug discovery programs, early development of new chemical entities (NCEs) requires a multidisciplinary strategy and a translational approach to obtain proof of distribution, proof of occupancy, and proof of function in specific brain circuits. Positron emission tomography (PET) provides a way to assessin vivothe brain distribution of NCEs and their binding to the target of interest, provided that radiolabeling of the NCE is possible or that a suitable radioligand is available. PET is therefore a key tool for early phases of drug discovery programs. This review will summarize the main applications of PET in early drug development and discuss the usefulness of PET microdosing studies performed with direct labelling of the NCE and PET occupancy studies. The purpose of this review is also to propose an alignment of the nomenclatures used by drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic scientists and PET imaging scientists to indicate key pharmacokinetic parameters and to provide guidance in the performance and interpretation of PET studies.
Fault monitoring in passive optical network through the integration of machine learning and fiber sensors
Authors: Usman Auwalu , Zulkifli Nadiatulhuda , Salim Mohd Rashidi , Khairi Kharina
Published: February 2022

As the deployment of fiber‐based broadband networks continues to accelerate, the number of network facilities too is increasing exponentially. The network of optical fiber cables keeps growing as the number of passive optical network (PON) customers increases, eventually leading to unforeseen faults. Several solutions are offered for monitoring the optical link in PON with the optical time‐domain reflectometer (OTDR) as the most common for point‐to‐point optical link characterization. However, the OTDR approach has been found to be inadequate for point to multipoint network fault characterizations due to numerous back‐reflected signals converging at the power splitter that cannot be identified simultaneously by the OTDR detector. Several machine learning (ML) methods have recently been introduced for successful monitoring of optical communication links, but much of the ML technique depends on data from network transceivers to train ML algorithms to identify and detect faults. However, the use of data information for monitoring purposes can have an impact on the consistency of the services offered. In this article, we consider the deployment of the fiber Bragg grating sensor to acquire the monitoring data samples used to train the ML technique for effective link characterization. The proposed solution has the advantage of having a separate monitoring source that is independent of the data transmission signal and guarantees transparent transmission of information. The proposed ML‐based technique shows up to 99% precision for the identification of fiber defect in the PON optical distribution network.
Electrochemical conversion of CO2 in non‐conventional electrolytes: Recent achievements and future challenges
Authors: Sargeant Elizabeth , Rodríguez Paramaconi
Published: February 2022

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 in traditional aqueous electrolytes suffers from low faradaic efficiency towards desired products which can be traced back to low CO2 solubility and strong competition from the hydrogen evolution reaction. The use of non‐conventional electrolytes aims to mitigate these issues. This review will give a focused overview summarizing some of the most recent contributions on the electrochemical conversion of CO2 in organic solvents, ionic liquids, solid electrolytes, and brines. We summarize the findings in terms of activity, selectivity, and durability for each of the systems. In addition, it provides an outlook about the role of water, cations, and anions in the reaction. We also highlight the challenges of the electrochemical reduction of CO2 in each of the electrolytes. All the studies referred to in this review contribute meaningfully to reaching the technical targets for CO2 electrolyzers in non‐conventional electrolytes.