bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serotonin: biological properties and its receptors
Authors: Akhmetova М. Zh. , Tykezhanova G.М. , Mindubaeva F.А. , Nigmatullina R.R.
Published: February 2025

In the last decade, much attention has been paid to the study of the serotonergic system. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of the synthesis of serotonin, its metabolism and receptor interaction are well studied. The wide range of serotonin effects is explained by the presence of a wide variety of serotonin receptors. The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is the main mediator of the serotonergic system. In human the role of 5-HT in the central nervous system (CNS) is best characterized, where the amine remain in force as a neuro-transmitter in neural synapses and participates in the formation and regulation of various physiological functions of the body in normal conditions and in pathology, playing a role in maintaining homeostasis. 5-HT is a neurohormone that has a morphogenetic and regulatory effect on target organs, including the heart and blood vessels. The serotonergic system is a link in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, arterial and pulmonary hypertension, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation and heart failure. In patients with coronary heart disease an increase serotonin concentration in the blood was found. The effect of the serotonergic system on the car-diovascular system has been studied quite thoroughly inanimals. Serotonin has been shown to have a positive inotropic effect on the myocardium ofthe atria and ventricles of variousmammals. Also, the neurotransmitter serotonin plays an important role in the formation of the brain. Low levels of serotonin in the initial stages of development will lead to the fact that the adult brain will inadequately process sensory signals. The review covers the significance and a wide range of biological effects of serotonin in the central nervous system and outside the central nervous system, which is explained by the diversity of the 5-HT receptor family.
Изменчивость пластических признаков сибирского пескаря (Gobio sibiricus Nikolskii, 1936) из р. Каркаралы(Центральный Казахстан)
Authors: Тагаев Д.А. , Жапарова А.Т.
Published: February 2025

Систематика представителей рода Gobio в свете последних исследований претерпевает значительныеизменения, описываются новые формы и ранее не замеченные филогенетические линии. Таксономический статус пескарей, населяющих водоемы Центрального Казахстана, остается предметом обсуждений. Предыдущие сведения по морфологической изменчивости, основанные на материале из бассейна реки Нуры, все еще недостаточны для проведения полноценной ревизии систематического статуса. Необходимы качественные данные, основанные на современном материале. Данная статья посвящена изучению вариабельности пластических признаков сибирского пескаря из р. Каркаралы (Центральный Казахстан). Приведены результаты статистической обработки 30 измерений тела и дано их описание. Произведен сравнительный анализ с использованием литературных данных по пескарям бассейна р. Нуры и показаны отличия по 7 признакам. Выявленные отличия могут быть объяснены влиянием аллометрии и полового диморфизма либо различным способом измерения исследуемых рыб. Подтверждены характерные черты формы пескаря из Центрального Казахстана— высокий хвостовой стебель и длина рыла, превышающая заглазничное расстояние. Указана необходимость последующих расширенных исследований и использования единой системы изучения признаков. Данная статья призвана пополнить имеющие сведения о морфологической изменчивости пескарей из казахстанских водоемов.
Сохранение генетического материала некоторых видов барбариса в криобанке
Authors: Ромаданова Н.В. , Карашолакова Л.Н. , Махмутова И.А. , Ишмуратова М.Ю. , Копыткова Л.А. , Кабулова Ф.Д. , Кушнаренко С.В.
Published: February 2025

В результате работ по введению в культуру in vitro и микроклональному размножению создана коллекция in vitro растений барбариса, состоящая из 41 образца. Полученная коллекция in vitroзаложена на среднесрочное хранение (хладохранение) при температуре 4 ºС. Максимальная продолжительность хладохранения составляет 12 месяцев. Семена барбариса помещены в криобанк при температурах –196 ºС и –20 ºС. Способность семян к прорастанию после хранения в течение 2 лет при низкой и сверх-низкой температурах в среднем по образцам составляет 86,7 %. Невыявлена статистически достоверная разница всхожести свежесобранных семян и семян после хранения при температурах –20 ºС и –196 ºС у всех изученных образцов барбариса. Отмечено, что процент всхожести семян, хранившихся при низких температурах, несколько выше процента всхожести свежесобранных семян. Созданный криобанк семян барбариса послужит надежным хранилищем генетического материала этого ценного пищевого и лекарственного растения.
Состав эфирного масла Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.: обзор
Authors: Кириллов В.Ю.
Published: February 2025

Пастушья сумка (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.), принадлежащая к семейству Крестоцветные, произрастает во всех частях света, кроме тропиков. Данное растение применяется как кровоостанавливающее, противовоспалительное, мочегонное, вяжущее, сосудорасширяющее, успокоительное средство. Химический состав C. bursa-pastoris довольно хорошо изучен и представлен широким классом различных соединений. Однако в официальных научных источниках при описании химического состава C. bursa-pastorisне упоминается о содержании в растении эфирного масла, в то время как в книге «Эфирные масла флоры СССР» написано, что трава содержит эфирноемасло. В работе приведен химический состав эфирного масла C. bursa-pastoris, изученный в разное время учеными из Японии, Кореи, Китая, Украины и Ирана. Показано, как различные методы сушки растительного сырья, выделения ле-тучих веществ, дисперсионные среды, места произрастания влияют на качественный и количественный состав эфирного масла C. bursa-pastoris. Основными компонентами эфирного масла являются цис-3-гексен-1-ол, фитол, пальмитиновая кислота, диметилтрисульфид, 6,10,14-триметилпентадекан-2-он, этилацетат, метилиндол, триаконтан. Согласно исследованиям иранских ученых, эфирное масло C. bursa-pastorisне является хорошим антиоксидантом. Данный обзор проведен впервые и может послужить для дальнейшего изучения химического состава эфирного масла C. bursa-pastorisи его биологической активности, в том числе и на территории Казахстана.
The effect of ignition timing on engine performance in a laser ignition engine: A CFD study
Authors: Arslan Turan Alp , Bayrakçeken Hüseyin , Altuncu Ahmet , Çengelci Emin , Solmaz Hamit
Published: February 2025

As a result of the high-power output, low fuel consumption, and low emissions expected from internal combustion engines, new engine technologies continue to be developed. Laser ignition systems are a solution to these expectations with the advantages they offer. Experimental and numerical studies related to laser ignition systems are accelerating today. In this study, an internal combustion engine was simulated with the spark and laser ignition systems, and the changes in engine performance for different ignition timings were investigated comparatively. ANSYS Fluent 2021 R1 software was used in the dynamic CFD study in which the entire engine cycle was analysed. Analyses were carried out at constant engine speed with an iso-octane+air mixture. Critical parameters such as pressure, volume, and temperature changes, power, torque, IMEP, MPRR, peak pressure, HRR, CHRR, start of combustion, and combustion duration were evaluated for both ignition systems. As a result of the study, optimum performance values were obtained at 680 °CA ignition timing with laser ignition system. At this ignition timing, power, torque, IMEP, MPRR, and peak pressure values were determined as 16.4302 kW, 62.7635 Nm, 14.1743 bar, 2.4665 bar/°CA, and 61.5611 bar, respectively. The laser ignition system increased engine performance, and smoother and knock-free combustion occurred. At optimum ignition timing, combustion duration was shortened, and in-cylinder temperatures decreased. The findings show that the laser ignition system will contribute to engine development studies by positively affecting engine and combustion performance.
Hydrogeochemistry of chlorine as data source on the process of oil field development
Authors: Lyalin A. A.
Published: February 2025

When oil field waterflooding, various hydrogeochemical processes occur in the geofluidal system of the oil-bearing reservoir. These processes disrupt the linear mixing of components of interacting water that is expected to happen based on the principle of concentration diffusion. The purpose of this article is to investigate which component content maintains the lineal principle of concentrations change during the mixing of waters when waterflooding. Calculations were conducted for two oil field areas in Western and Eastern Siberia, comparing the ratio of water that injected to maintain reservoir pressure and reservoir water in the produced water. The results of these calculations showed that mineralization and chlorine calculations demonstrate same ratio levels, unlike other components. This led to the conclusion that chlorine is the most stable component and can serve as an easily identifiable parameter in laboratory conditions to calculate the ratios of waters in mixtures during the process of oil fields development.
Method for determining vertical permeability in horizontal wells
Authors: Kuzmina T. V. , Kozubovsky A. G. , Sokhoshko S. K.
Published: February 2025

Vertical permeability is an important characteristic of oil and gas reservoirs, significantly impacting the distribution of fluid and gas flows within the reservoir.

 Information about this parameter is essential for addressing various challenges in both scientific and industrial practice. Specifically, it facilitates assessments of the anisotropy of filtration properties of the porous medium normal to the plane of the reservoir, aids in predicting the formation of gas or formation water cones, calculates flow rates in horizontal wells, and develops filtration models for hydrocarbon feed extraction, among other applications.

For horizontal wells, the traditional sources of information on the values of this rock property are laboratory studies of core material and the interpretation of Well tests. However, in certain situations, such as when natural core samples are unavailable or when initial bottom-hole pressure measurements are distorted, these conventional methods may not be feasible. In these cases, algorithms that utilize indirect indicators from alternative sources become valuable.

The aim of this article is to demonstrate a developed method for determining vertical permeability in horizontal wells. This method employs dimensionless criteria for calculations, which are set of quantities reflecting the combination of the geometric features of the wellbore and the physicogeological properties of the reservoir. The required solution is achieved by processing input data using statistical methods and graphical analysis. 

It is shown that this methodological approach allows for the rapid assessment of vertical permeability in situations where conventional data collection is not possible. This method can be applied to any well where the necessary parameters for calculations are known and accessible. It allows for obtaining data on vertical permeability with an acceptable degree of accuracy compared to similar definitions from pressure recovery curve.
Resolution of refractory trigeminal neuralgia after endoscopic decompression of the foramina rotundum and ovale in a patient with bilateral petrous apex cephaloceles: illustrative case
Authors: Reecher Hope M. , Armstrong Stephanie A. , Cheok Stephanie K. , Tavakoli Samon G. , Feller Christina , Schwartz Stephanie , Long Christopher , Zwagerman Nathan T.
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Petrous apex cephaloceles (PACs) are rare cystic lesions that can present with increased intracranial pressure and bony remodeling of the skull. PACs may be associated with trigeminal neuralgia (TN); however, direct causality is not clear. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first case reporting bony decompression of the foramina ovale and rotundum via an extended endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for the management of TN in the presence of concurrent PACs.

OBSERVATIONS

Herein, the authors present the case of a 19-year-old male with bilateral PACs and severely refractory TN surgically managed with decompression of the foramina ovale and rotundum and surrounding bony regions near the maxillary nerve (cranial nerve [CN] V2) and mandibular nerve (CNV3). Prior to EEA, he trialed ten medications and underwent cerebrospinal fluid diversion trials, two microvascular decompressions, and stereotactic radiosurgery with variable symptom relief. Complete resolution of TN occurred 4 months after EEA, and he was weaned off of medication.

LESSONS

An extended EEA to decompress CNV divisions at the foramina rotundum and ovale may be effective in refractory cases. PACs and associated bony dehiscence may complicate the understanding of TN etiology and impair radiographic visualization of CNV and surrounding structures. There is no clear evidence to support surgical management of PACs and symptom resolution.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24283
METHOD OF DETECTING DDOS ATTACKS ON IOT NETWORKS
Authors: NICHEPORUK A , NICHEPORUK A , FEHYR O , KAZANTSEV A , NICHEPORUK Y ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: February 2025

The paper presents a method for detecting DDoS attacks on an IoT network based on the use of logistic regression. With limited computing power and available memory on IoT networks, the use of logistic regression is dictated by the low computational complexity and ease of implementation. The proposed method consists of two steps: offline and online. The main purpose of the offline stage is to create a classifier model that will be further used in the online stage execution process. The main purpose of the offline stage is that in during training the logistic classifier model, the entire training data set is split into two sets. The first dataset is labeled and will be used to train the logistic regression classifier. The second dataset is also labelled and used for validation. The training algorithm does not use validation dataset labels, instead they are used to test the predicted output of the classifier. By monitoring network traffic in real time, the online stage detects DDoS attacks based on the use of the offline classifier model. The detection process involves splitting the monitored monitoring period into 10 segments and identifying intermediate results on each of them. The conclusion that a DDoS attack is present is based on a comparison of the mean among all the intermediate classification results with the detection threshold. If the threshold is exceeded, it is concluded that a DDoS attack is present. According to the results of a study using the developed software, the highest efficiency of DDoS detection of TCP SYN attacks was achieved at the level of 91%. However, with the highest detection efficiency, the type 1 error rate was also the highest, at 10%. After carrying out 10 experiments, the average values of statistical indicators were determined, in particular the accuracy value was 89.9%, and the level of false positives was 9.6%.
Among the Drupes
Authors: Swanson Cole
Published: February 2025

Among the Drupes (Elegy for a Wasteland) is an exhibition in communion with The West Toronto Railpath, an emergent ecology at the edge of ruin. Over eight months, I came to know the last remaining grove of staghorn sumacs (Rhus typhina) and their creaturely kin through foraging for and preparation of pigments. In this essay, I interrogate the biopolitics of the Railpath as a site of ongoing forms of displacement, producing mutualisms between Indigenous, queer and marginalised peoples alongside fated more-than-human others. Through harvesting lively colours, I demonstrate flows between ecological agents that antagonise divides between species and their dooming imaginaries. I draw connections between material art practice and forensic-ecology toward environmental justice for eco-assemblages marked for death by settler-colonial hegemonies. Finally, I demonstrate how art can aid us in bearing witness and, through acts of creative and community-based recuperation, provides hope in times of ecosocial grief.
The SPICA Development Framework
Authors: Baer Philipp A.  , Reichle Roland  , Geihs Kurt
Published: February 2025

The development of autonomous mobile robots is a challenge due to the complexity, interdisciplinarity and variety of requirements and components. It is thus quite difficult or even unrealistic to achieve an agreement on a standard development platform for robotic software. In this paper we present SPICA, a model-driven development framework for autonomous mobile robots. With SPICA the developer retains the freedom to choose the most appropriate programming language and underlying platform for the realisation of a specific functional component. Independently developed components are considered as service providers and consumers that interact in order to fulfil the desired functionality. For this purpose, SPICA provides modelling and transformation support to realise such an integration infrastructure for independently developed functional components and different robotic software systems. SPICA has been used successfully in the development of a team of soccer robots for the RoboCup competition.
Designing a Context-Aware Artificial System
Authors: Mastrogiovanni Fulvio  , Scalmato Antonello  , Sgorbissa Antonio  , Zaccaria Renato
Published: February 2025

A framework is introduced that is aimed at integrating ontology- and logic-based approaches for context-awareness, suitable for use in Ambient Intelligence (AmI) scenarios. In particular, the context description languageis described, which allows to easily specify patterns of events which occurrences must be monitored by actual systems. As long as systems evolve, symbolic data originating from heterogeneous sources are first aggregated and then classified according to formulas described in. Experimental results performed in a Smart Home environment are presented and discussed.
Evaluating Robustness of Coupled Selection Equations Using Sparse Communication
Authors: Lafrenz Reinhard  , Schanz Michael  , K äppeler Uwe-Philipp  , Zweigle Oliver  , Rajaie Hamid  , Schreiber Frank  , Levi Paul
Published: February 2025

In this paper we evaluate the robustness of a self-organized mechanism to distribute roles among a team of cooperating robots. In previous work, we showed the principal applicability of this approach for the RoboCup scenario. Now we test the robustness in case of either intentionally sparse communication or the behavior in situations, where the communication is massively disturbed. To overcome the problems caused by this, each robot runs the equations individually, synchronizing from time to time, or when the communication is available.
Classifying Efficiently the Behavior of a Soccer Team
Authors: Iglesias José Antonio  , Ledezma Agapito  , Sanchis Araceli  , Kaminka Gal
Published: February 2025

In order to make a good decision, humans usually try to predict the behavior of others. By this prediction, many different tasks can be performed, such as to coordinate with them, to assist them or to predict their future behavior. In competitive domains, to recognize the behavior of the opponent can be very advantageous.
Structure Verification toward Object Classification using a Range Camera
Authors: Gächter Stefan  , Harati Ahad  , Siegwart Roland
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes an incremental object classification based on parts detected in a sequence of noisy range images. Primitive parts are jointly tracked and detected as probabilistic bounding-boxes using a particle filter which accumulates the information of the local structure over time. A voting scheme is presented as a procedure to verify structure of the object, i.e. the desired geometrical relations between the parts. This verification is necessary to disambiguate object parts from potential irrelevant parts which are structurally similar. The experimental results obtained using a mobile robot in a real indoor environment show that the presented approach is able to successfully detect chairs in the range images.
Sonar Scan Matching by Filtering Scans using Grids of Normal Distributions
Authors: Burguera Antoni  , González Yolanda  , Oliver Gabriel
Published: February 2025

The NDT[3] was presented as an alternative to ICP-based scan matching algorithms. The problems of ICP-based algorithms derived of the establishment of correspondences do not appear in the NDT approach. However, the NDT requires accurate and dense sets of readings to work with. Consequently, the NDT is not well suited to perform scan matching with sensors that produce sparse sets of noisy readings, such as ultrasonic range finders. In this paper, an extension of the NDT to deal with sparse sets of noisy readings, the sNDT, is presented. The necessary processes to overcome the sparsity of sonar readings, as well as those involved in the scan filtering, are described in the paper. Experimental results compare the new approach to other well known scan matching methods.
Sequence Mining for Business Analytics: Building Project Taxonomies for Resource Demand Forecasting
Authors: Datta Ritendra  , Hu Jianying  , Ray Bonnie
Published: February 2025

We develop techniques for mining labor records from a large number of historical IT consulting projects in order to discover clusters of projects exhibiting similar resource usage over the project life-cycle. The clustering results, together with domain expertise, are used to build a meaningful project taxonomy that can be linked to project resource requirements. Such a linkage is essential for project-based workforce demand forecasting, a key input for more advanced workforce management decision support. We formulate the problem as a sequence clustering problem where each sequence represents a project and each observation in the sequence represents the weekly distribution of project labor hours across job role categories. To solve the problem, we use a model-based clustering algorithm based on explicit state duration left-right hidden semi-Markov models (HsMM) capable of handling high-dimensional, sparse, and noisy Dirichlet-distributed observations and sequences of widely varying lengths. We then present an approach for using the underlying cluster models to estimate future staffing needs. The approach is applied to a set of 250 IT consulting projects and the results discussed.
Compressing Binary Decision Diagrams
Authors: Hansen Esben Rune  , Rao S. Srinivasa  , Tiedemann Peter
Published: February 2025

The paper introduces a new technique for compressing Binary Decision Diagrams in those cases where random access is not required. Using this technique, compression and decompression can be done in linear time in the size of the BDD and compression will in many cases reduce the size of the BDD to 1-2 bits per node. Empirical results for our compression technique are presented, including comparisons with previously introduced techniques, showing that the new technique dominate on all tested instances.
Optimization of Top-k Spatial Preference Queries' Execution Process Based on Similarity of Preferences
Authors: Gorawski Marcin  , Dowlaszewicz Kamil
Published: February 2025

A detailed description of top-k spatial preference queries and the schema of their execution will be presented. Then, it discusses existing R-tree based top-k spatial preference queries' execution algorithms and the optimization methods they utilize. Moreover, the paper presents a new optimization technique and an algorithm capable of utilizing it together with other methods. Finally, an analysis of proposed method's efficiency is presented.
Evaluation of Internet Connections
Authors: Siemiński Andrzej
Published: February 2025

The user perceived latency of displaying Internet pages is one of main factors in his/her assessment of the network. There are many factors that have an influence on the latency. The paper studies one of them - the Internet connection provided by an ISP. Up to now, there is no comprehensive theoretical model of the relationship. Therefore, an experiment was necessary. During the experiment the latency of a variety of Web pages was measured. The results indicate that a popular assumption that tightly binds network throughput with browser latency is not well justified. The analysis of low level network connection properties shows a significant level of correlation between the duration of pages download and the trace route length between the browser and the source server. The trace routes to a given host recorded for a single ISP have a considerable, stable number of common hosts. Therefore, the analysis of trace routes can be used in the process of selection of an ISP.
The Pittsburgh Civic Arena: Memory and Renewal
Authors: Pfaffmann Robert Shaw
Published: February 2025

Origins of Urban Renewal on the Hill; The “Cultural Acropolis”; The Architect: Mitchell & Ritchey; Civic Arena Design Innovation; Budget Cuts, Social Unrest and Disinvestment; “Renewal of Renewal” in the 21st Century; A Civic Renewal; Success Through Community Process and Design Innovation; References
How Should we Teach the Conservation of Modern and Contemporary Architecture?
Authors: Graf Franz
Published: February 2025

Conservation and Its Relationship with the Material History of Built Fabric; The Teaching of Conservation; Notes
Simulation of Natural Ventilation Flows
Authors: Passe Ulrike  , Stoakes Preston  , Battaglia Francine
Published: February 2025

Introduction; Alvar Aalto's Viipuri Library: The Cultural Context; Towards the Free Flow Open Section: Viipuri's Spatial System and Climate Envelope; Viipuri's Two Systems: Mechanical Ventilation and Under-Ceiling Radiant Heating; Computational Fluid Dynamics Whole Building Simulations; Computational Fluid Dynamics Results; Summary; Notes; Acknowledgements
Sustainability, A Modern Movement
Authors: Rappaport Nina
Published: February 2025

Details for Sustainability; Core and Skin; Intelligence for Glass; Performative Projects; Adjustable Projects; Existing Systems; Eco-Renovation; Notes
The Cubanacán Art Schools Rehabilitated
Authors: Lorenzo Universo García
Published: February 2025

Introduction; A Revolutionary Project for the New Cuba; Changing Times – From Neglect to Recognition; The Rehabilitation Project – Present and Future; Conclusion; References
An interval-based approach for fault isolation and identification in continuous dynamic systems
Authors: Gelso Esteban R.  , Castillo Sandra M.  , Armengol Joaquim
Published: February 2025

Diagnosis of faults is a very important task because a fault can lead to a reduction in performance, or even to break-downs or catastrophes. In this paper, a diagnosis system, which takes into account the uncertainties in the model and measurements by means of an interval scheme, is shown. It states the fault detection, fault isolation and fault identification problems as a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) with continuous domain. The fault isolation scheme which consists of hypothesis generation and refinement uses the fault detection results, and the quantitative fault identification scheme refines the fault hypothesis test and estimates the fault magnitude. As a difference to more traditional approaches, in this paper we use overconstrained subsystems of the model, ARRs, to tackle the fault identification problem in smaller subproblems, and for the fault identification, instead of the least squares estimation, the interval-based consistency techniques prune the initial domains of the parameters associated with the fault hypothesis. In order to illustrate the different steps of the proposed approach, an application example composed by a well known hydraulic plant is presented.
Robustness in Recurrent Auctions for Resource Allocation
Authors: Muñoz Victor  , Busquets Dídac
Published: February 2025

Resource allocation problems where resources have to be assigned to tasks in such a way that no resource gets overused can be solved using recurrent auctions. In dynamic environments where unexpected changes may occur, searching the optimal solution may not be the best choice as it would be more likely to fail. In these cases a robust solution is preferable. In this paper we present a robustness mechanism for auctions, producing feasible and near optimal solutions even if non-planned events occur.
Improved classification of urban areas with pixel-based measures of object size
Authors: Bellens Rik  , Gautama Sidharta
Published: February 2025

Meter to sub-meter resolution satellite images have generated new interests in extracting man-made structures in the urban area. However, classification accuracies for such purposes are far from satisfactory. Spectral characteristics of urban land cover classes are so similar that they cannot be separated using only spectral information. As a result, there is an increased interest in incorporating geometrical information. In current literature, this is achieved by using an object-based approach. This requires a segmentation process. However, the complex objects in urban remote sensing images make this process very difficult. In this paper, we propose a method to measure the minimum and maximum dimension of an object, without however performing a segmentation. This method is based on morphological profiles (MP). Previous work on MP's have shown the potential for improving classification results. However, an MP contains many values for each pixel, which can lead to problems of dimensionality. Feature extraction algorithms could reduce the dimensionality, but the resulting features are no longer interpretable. In this paper we use MP's to derive a measure of minimum and maximum object dimension. These two measures allow to differentiate between long (roads) and more compact objects (buildings). We show that these new features improve the classification substantially.
Land cover classification in Portugal with multitemporal AWiFS images: a comparative study
Authors: Costa H.  , Carrão H.  , Caetano M.  , Bação F.
Published: February 2025

Three AWiFS scenes from three intra-annual time periods were explored for land cover mapping of mainland Portugal in an annual operational basis. Two different classification approaches were tested: a more conventional parametric classifier, the maximum likelihood classifier, and a nonparametric classifier, a decision tree. Several tests were designed to evaluate the most suitable classification approach, training sample size effect on the classification accuracy and the images's ability for land cover mapping of mainland Portugal. Overall accuracy values achieved were low regardless the classification approach and training sample size, which suggests that AWiFS images are not suitable for land cover mapping the Portuguese landscape. Results also reveal that decision tree classifier is advantageous relatively to maximum likelihood classifier concerning training size and its characteristics.
Risk assessment of forest fires by using satellite data with remote sensing techniques
Authors: Ozelkan Emre  , Ormeci Cankut
Published: February 2025

One of the most important events that cause anomalies in nature's balance is forest fires. Forest fires are also very serious threats in Turkey, which is located in the Mediterranean Region. While complete prevention of a forest fire is impossible, it is possible to reduce the damages of forest fires by constructing a forest fire risk map. In this study, we analyze a forest fire that took place at Kibriz Stream Canyon near the city of Antalya. The most important aspect of this fire was that the interference was very difficult due to the canyon's harsh landscape. Here, we show that a fire risk map can be especially beneficial for this area, and for other areas where fire interference is very difficult due to the unfriendly topography. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) were applied in this study for the assessment of the situation before and after the fire and for forming the fire risk map. Landsat TM (01.08.1990), Spot XS (24.06.2007) imageries and 1/25000 scale topography maps were used to generate a digital terrain model and to establish the land use classes by means of unsupervised and supervised classification algorithms. In addition, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was computed to compare the classified imageries before and after the fire. Comparison of the NDVI values helped us to determine the vegetation pattern change after the fire.
Determination of minimum burning area on active fire detection by means of MSG-SEVIRI
Authors: Calle A.  , Casanova J.L.  , Sanz J.  , de la Fuente D.  , González-Alonso F.
Published: February 2025

In order to improve operation on active fire detection, geostationary satellites as GOES, MSG and MTSAT are already operative and they have led the international community to think that the global observation network in real time may become a reality. The implementation of this network is the aim of the Global Observations of Forest Cover and Land Cover Dynamics (GOFC/GOLD) FIRE Mapping and Monitoring program, focused internationally on taking decisions concerning the research of the Global Change. The estimation of the minimal burning area detected by MSG-SEVIRI is analyzed in this work; it's a very relevant issue since it implies the sensor's operational availability in active fire detection. This minimum size is conditional on the fire location inside the pixel, as shown before from the theoretical point of view, among other factors such as atmospheric conditions, fire temperature, among others. A spatial analysis has been carried out, analyzing several parameters referred to spatial performances of MSG-SEVIRI sensor as pixel footprint in the 3.9 microns spectral band. In order to obtain results based on real data, a large data base focused on the active fire detection in the Iberian Peninsula has been studied. Statistical results obtained from a large data base of fires detections, show that the probability to detect a minimal size of 10ha is 90% and 4ha with 50%.
From Software Services to a Future Internet of Services
Authors: Pistore Marco  , Traverso Paolo  , Paolucci Massimo  , Wagner Matthias
Published: February 2025

Research in Service Oriented Computing has been based on the idea that software applications can be constructed by composing and configuring “software services”, i.e., software utilities that can be used but that are not necessarily owned by consumers. A key aspect has however been dramatically underestimated in this research, namely the fact that – in most cases – software services are software components that provide electronic access to “real services” (e.g., a software service for travel booking allows us to access the actual service behind it, namely “the possibility of traveling”). Our claim is that the “Internet of Services” should focus on real services, rather than software services. In particular, we investigate the new role of Internet, which is a supporting infrastructure in the case of software services, but becomes a key enabler for real services, offering a unique capability to communicate in real time changes in real services and allowing for immediate reactions by service consumers. In the paper, we illustrate the project we are undertaking to demonstrate that Internet can become the service delivery platform of the future. We illustrate, in particular, the research challenges this vision produces in the areas of service usage, representation, engineering, and delivery, as well as the results we have already achieved.
Interactions among secrecy models
Authors: Hassan Waël  , Logrippo Luigi
Published: February 2025

Interactions may arise as a result of deploying multiple secrecy (or security) models in a system, i.e. they can arise in hybrid secrecy or security models. To detect and report these issues we propose the use of logic analyzers to determine if the involved secrecy models are mutually coherent and hence they can coexist, as well as the conditions under which they can coexist. We present our preliminary results with respect to secrecy models such as Chinese Wall, Bell-LaPadula, and Delegation of Authority. Our method is based on representing models and policies using the formal technique Alloy, however the method's principles are conjectured to be generic and hence should apply to any secrecy or security model, with different logic-based tools.
Online Detection of Feature Interactions of CPL Services
Authors: Wang Lixiang  , Xu Jiuyun  , Reiff-Marganiec Stephan
Published: February 2025

The Call Processing Language (CPL) is one of the best known approaches developed for creating telephony services in Internet telephony. Its XML-based structure makes it a flexible approach to create services not only by service providers, but also by end-users, which increases the possibility of feature interactions. In this paper we present an online approach for detecting feature interactions of CPL. A feature interaction manager is introduced to handle the problem. The manager detects feature interaction through comparing actions indicated by real-time SIP messages and actions indicated by CPL scripts which we call intentions. We evaluated the proposed approach using the VOCAL (Vovida Open Communication Application Library) VoIP system. Among the ready-made features, a feature interaction has been detected between Call Screening and Call Forward All Calls.
Emerging Strategies and Coordination in Nanocoating Innovation
Authors: Van Lente Harro  , Van Til Jon
Published: February 2025

Firms and other stakeholders in emerging nanotechnologies frame their strategies in terms of implicit, collective roadmaps which coordinate their activities. In this way, they succeed in reducing uncertainties and focusing on moving targets. This chapter presents evidence from a case study on nanocoating firms in Germany and reflects on the implicit and explicit forms of strategy and coordination.
Handling Uncertainty and Multiple Perspectives for Learner Modeling by Cognitive Mapping
Authors: Peña Ayala Alejandro
Published: February 2025

This research deals with two issues for learner modeling: uncertainty and multiple perspectives. Hence, it proposes a process called cognitive mapping to acquire and describe objects of a domain of study, and set fuzzy-causal relationships among them. Objects are characterized as linguistic variables that are instantiated by linguistic terms; whereas relations are outlined by means of fuzzy-rule bases. So objects and relations are statements of qualitative knowledge that are measured in terms of nature and degrees of bias to reveal uncertainty. The representation of multiple perspectives of the learner is sketched through the topology of a cognitive map and the qualitative measures attached to objects and relationships. This approach was tested in an E-learning trial, its outcomes show the effectiveness of the learner model to enhance the apprenticeship of volunteers due to the successfully handle of uncertainty and multiple perspectives.
Knowledge Co-construction and Initiative in Peer Learning Interactions
Authors: Kersey Cynthia  , Di Eugenio Barbara  , Jordan Pamela  , Katz Sandra
Published: February 2025

The aim of the project we discuss in this paper is to develop a computational model of peer learning. We present an extensive analysis of peer learning dialogues, analysis on which our computational model is based. Our model incorporates shifts of initiative as an identifier of knowledge co-construction. We have embedded this model in a peer-learning agent that collaborates with students to solve problems in the domain of computer science data structures.
Can Virtual Human Build Rapport and Promote Learning?
Authors: Wang Ning  , Gratch Jonathan
Published: February 2025

Research show that teacher's nonverbal immediacy can have a positive impact on student's cognitive learning and affect [3]. This paper investigates the effectiveness of nonverbal immediacy using a virtual human. The virtual human attempts to use immediacy feedback to create rapport with the learner. Results show that the virtual human established rapport with learners but did not help them achieve better learning results. The results also suggest that creating rapport is related to higher self-efficacy, and self-efficacy is related to better learning results.
The Friend: Socially-Intelligent Tutoring and Collaboration
Authors: Tvarožek Jozef  , BIeliková Mária
Published: February 2025

Motivation as key factor for maintaining effective learning must be maintained during computer-supported learning. For this, we attempt to investigate the benefits of a socially intelligent tutoring agent that goes beyond attending to aspects of an individual student, the tutoring friend. In a computer-supported learning system, a tutoring friend is an artificial agent that manages relationships with learners, monitors their social behavior, and is able to assemble socially-aware groups for peer collaboration. We hypothesize that intelligent tutoring friends can motivate students to long-term participation by the virtue of social affordances they provide.
Characterization of the seismic environment prevailing at Texcoco Lake, Mexico
Authors: Osorio Luis  , Mayoral Juan M.  , Romo Miguel P.
Published: February 2025

Texcoco lake area, in the valley of Mexico, presents particularly difficult geotechnical conditions due to the presence of thick deposits of soft, highly compressible lacustrine clay, randomly interbedded with sand lenses. In contrast to other sites in the valley, there is a lack of information regarding geotechnical subsoil conditions, dynamic properties, and earthquake recordings at rock sites. Thus, the seismic environment is not completely identified. This paper describes field and laboratory investigation as well as analytical studies, aimed at characterizing the ground response this region. In-situ measurements of shear wave velocity, using suspension PS logging, along with cone penetration, CPT, and standard penetration, SPT, resistance values, and results from series of resonant column and cyclic triaxial tests were used to obtain a representation of the subsoil characteristics found at the site, and the variation of dynamic properties with strain level. Predicted shear wave velocity profiles derived from empirical correlations compare well with measured values. Ground motion definition was achieved indirectly through empirically derived response spectra obtained from sets of earthquake ground motions recorded by four seismic stations located in the area. Acceleration time histories representative of the design earthquake were obtained using time-domain spectral matching. 1-D shear wave deconvolution was used to obtain the corresponding ground motions in rock. With this information, probabilistic analyses of site response were carried out at several points. The response of the system was obtained in terms of power spectrum using the random vibrations theory. In order to consider the potential variability in the subsoil dynamic properties, a random variation of the shear wave velocity was also accounted for in this study, taking the mean and plus one standard deviation values. Finally, a set of response spectra that defines the spatial variation of dynamic response the studied area was obtained.
Mathematical characterization of the compression to 100,000 kg/cm
Authors: Juárez-Badillo E.  , Hernández-Mira S.
Published: February 2025

A very simple theoretical equation given by the Principle of Natural Proportionality for the compressibility of geomaterials: V/V0=[(i+σ)/i]−γis applied to the experimental data obtained by P.W. Bridgman in thirty-nine substances from 0 to 100,000 kg/cm2. Independently of polymorphic transitions, the compression response of the natural solid substances presented in this paper is described by this simple theoretical equation with constant natural internal pressures i and constant natural coefficients of compressibility γ<1.
Effect of cementation on cone tip resistance and DMT indices
Authors: Lee M.J.  , Lee W.J.  , Choi S.K.  , Hong S.J.
Published: February 2025

In this study, a series of piezocone and dilatometer tests are performed on a cemented specimen prepared in a large calibration chamber in order to investigate how the cementation effect is reflected in the cone tip resistance (qc) and the DMT indices (MD, KD). Although the qcvalue and DMT indices increase with the cementation level, EDis found to be more sensitive to the cementation than KDand qc. It is observed that the cementation of sand appears to have a more significant effect on the behavior of cemented sand at a lower stress level and its effect diminishes with an increasing stress level. It is also shown that the ED/qcratio of cemented sand is always higher than that of uncemented sand at the same qc, while the difference in the ED/qcratio between cemented and uncemented sands decreases with an increase in qc. The ED/qc−qcrelation suggested in this study can be used to verify that the soil sediment is cemented.
Geotechnical design monopile foundation Offshore Windpark Egmond aan Zee
Authors: Kooistra A.  , Oudhof J.  , Kempers M.
Published: February 2025

The foundations of the turbine towers of the Egmond aan Zee wind park consist of monopiles with a diameter of 4.60 m, driven approximately 30 m into the seabed. The governing loads on the foundation are mainly horizontal loads, caused by wind, wave and current action. Geotechnical design comprises the modeling of the resistance of the soil by p-y curves and driveability analyses.
Influence of unloaded walls on the stress distribution under a raft foundation
Authors: Arnold André  , Laue Jan
Published: February 2025

For the calculation of flexible rafts, the rising structure is often not taken into account on the design with the exception of the load transfer location. Mostly, a uniform stress distribution is assumed below a footing, even though this is only valid if the footing is totally flexible and is able to follow the movement of the soil at every point. The assumption of flexibility is dependent on load and stiffness of the footing while already both, the flexible raft made of concrete as well as the structure itself are influencing the stiffness of a raft. Local stiffening of the foundation, e.g. by locally increased thickness of the raft or flexural rigid connected walls, is not taken into account in the design approach. In this contribution centrifuge model tests are carried out for different raft systems to explore the development of the stress distribution under a flexible raft foundation. Focus is given to identify the influence of the stiffening effects of outside walls for structures mostly loaded via middle columns.
Consolidation settlement of skirted foundations for subsea structures in soft clay
Authors: Hernandez-Martinez F.G.  , Rahim A.  , Strandvik S.  , Jostad H.P.  , Andersen K.H.
Published: February 2025

Skirted foundations are a viable solution for subsea structures in most offshore developments. In an attempt to estimate long term settlements of skirted foundations installed in soft clays, this paper presents results of numerical consolidation analyses in which a remoulded zone adjacent to the skirted foundation wall is accounted for. In particular the effects of thickness, strength and stiffness of this zone are investigated. The calculated settlement values indicate that without taking into account the remoulded zone the long term settlement might be understimated.