bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of charged spin-
1/2
particles in superposed states minimally coupled to electromagnetism in curved spacetime within the WKB approximation
Authors: Hammad F. , Saadati R. , Simard M. , Novoa-Cattivelli S.
Published: December 2024

We investigate the curved-spacetime dynamics of charged spin-12 particles minimally coupled to the electromagnetic field and propagating in superposed states of different masses. For that purpose, we make use of a Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation of the Dirac equation with a minimal coupling to the Maxwell field in curved spacetime. We obtain the spin dynamics as well as the deviation from geodesic motion of such particles. The problem of having the mass eigenstates experience different proper times, as opposed to the case of neutral particles, is here dealt with by first extracting the second-order differential equation obeyed by each superposition. This strategy proves to be not only powerful, but also very economical.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Digital-analog quantum convolutional neural networks for image classification
Authors: Simen Anton , Flores-Garrigos Carlos , Hegade Narendra N. , Montalban Iraitz , Vives-Gilabert Yolanda , Michon Eric , Zhang Qi , Solano Enrique , Martín-Guerrero José D.
Published: December 2024

We propose digital-analog quantum kernels for enhancing the detection of complex features in the classification of images. We consider multipartite-entangled analog blocks, stemming from native Ising interactions in neutral-atom quantum processors, and individual operations as digital steps to implement the protocol. To further improve the detection of complex features, we apply multiple quantum kernels by varying the qubit connectivity according to the hardware constraints. An architecture that combines nontrainable quantum kernels and standard convolutional neural networks is used to classify realistic medical images, from breast cancer and pneumonia diseases, with a significantly reduced number of parameters. Despite this fact, the model exhibits better performance than its classical counterparts and achieves comparable metrics according to public benchmarks. These findings highlight the potential of digital-analog quantum convolutions in extracting complex and meaningful features from images, positioning them as a candidate model for addressing challenging classification problems.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
A multi-criteria approach to egress location selection in buildings: integrating economic, technical and social factors
Authors: Alac Ruken , Hammad Ahmed W.A. , Hadigheh Ali , Opdyke Aaron
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to introduce an innovative decision-making framework designed to optimize egress location selection in buildings, significantly enhancing safety during emergencies. By integrating social, economic and technical criteria through the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP), this framework effectively manages the uncertainties inherent in emergency scenarios, providing a robust tool for safeguarding lives and property.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed methodology employs the F-AHP to systematically integrate and evaluate social, economic and technical criteria for egress location selection. A comprehensive case study conducted on a one-story school building demonstrates this approach’s practical application and effectiveness.

Findings

The analysis reveals that economic criteria are the most significant in determining the optimal egress location, constituting 61.9% of the overall weight, followed by technical criteria at 26.8% and social criteria at 11.3%. The findings highlight the practical application and effectiveness of the proposed approach in addressing uncertainties and optimizing egress location selection. Integrating social, economic and technical considerations gives decision-makers a robust tool to optimize safety, cost-effectiveness and evacuation efficiency.

Practical implications

The findings underscore the practical benefits and effectiveness of the proposed approach in managing uncertainties and improving the selection of optimal egress locations. Integrating social, economic and technical considerations gives decision-makers a robust tool to optimize safety, cost-effectiveness and evacuation efficiency. This approach equips practitioners with a comprehensive framework for enhancing emergency preparedness and resilience in various building scenarios.

Originality/value

This research introduces a novel framework for egress location selection that addresses the limitations of existing studies by integrating multiple criteria – social, economic and technical – into a cohesive decision-making process. Using the F-AHP in a case study illustrates the framework’s practicality and adaptability, providing a dynamic solution that enhances the overall effectiveness of emergency plans. By prioritizing safety, cost-effectiveness and efficiency, this framework ensures that emergency plans are robust and adaptable, thereby significantly enhancing resilience in the face of emergencies.
Integrating UPnP technology with CAFM systems – automated device identification and device control in building operation and maintenance
Authors: Gärtner Asbjörn , Kurzrock Björn-Martin
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Modern buildings use intelligent automation for comfort, efficiency and sustainability, impacting their construction and operation. Although building automation (BA) operates via bus lines and is controlled by sensors and actuators, computer-aided facility management (CAFM) systems often handle data redundantly. Current standards fail to detail effective systems integration, with a noticeable gap in practical network models and solutions.The purpose of this paper is to design a network model that integrates building services and networks at the automation level. The goal is to enable the CAFM side to control all electrical loads (such as lighting, blinds, pumps), climate control (HVAC) and security monitoring.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper explores the automatic discovery and integration of BA devices and centralized controls into CAFM systems, focusing on innovative networking models, system data provisioning, import functions and web operation. Established technologies such as Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) and Extensible Markup Language (XML) standards are utilized to develop new solutions.

Findings

The paper introduces a solution with a database and software module enabling bidirectional web-based coupling via LAN. The UPnP standard was enhanced to include facility management (FM)–specific information for device communication. The prototype effectively controls devices through CAFM systems, setting a foundation for future improvements in web-based BA. These results are crucial for developing standards for automated data processing between CAFM systems and BA.

Practical implications

This research benefits FM, especially in maintenance, operations, energy and compliance. In addition, the need for time-consuming on-site inspections to record device master data for maintenance management, in case of commissioning or changing facility service providers, can be eliminated. The principles of the developed software module enhance CAFM systems as high-performance building control tools.

Originality/value

The paper adapts existing technologies for specific FM applications and integrates them for the first time into key FM processes.
Unlocking sustainable partnerships: exploring the willingness of oil palm producers to engage in contract farming initiatives
Authors: Wongnaa Camillus Abawiera , Addai Peter , Quainoo Prince , Ohene-Yankyera Kwasi , Tham-Agyekum Kwame Enoch , Awunyo-Vitor Dadson
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study examined the factors influencing oil palm farmers’ decisions to engage in contract farming as well as their extent of participation.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used cross-sectional data collected from 210 oil palm producers in the western region of Ghana. Descriptive statistics and Cragg’s double hurdle model were the methods of analysis.

Findings

The results showed that household size, membership of farmer association, farm size, market knowledge and loan availability significantly positively influence farmers’ decisions to engage in contract farming. Also, while membership in farmer associations and market knowledge exerted significant positive influences on the extent to which farmers participated in contract farming, extension contacts and distance to the farm exerted significant negative influences on the extent of farmers’ participation.

Practical implications

The government, in collaboration with other interested parties, should educate and encourage farmers on the benefits of participating in contract farming arrangements with reputable and well-known institutions that have taken steps to make their services available to farmers.

Social implications

The study recommends that the government and other contracting firms, like the Golden Star Oil Palm Plantation, should make farm credit a key aspect of their packages, as this will be more attractive to the smallholders.

Originality/value

The study adds to existing literature by providing contracting companies with helpful information on factors influencing oil palm farmers’ decisions to engage in contract farming.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-03-2024-0284
Knowledge base and innovative practices: analysis of the moderating effect of network competence. An application in the Alicante wine industry
Authors: Expósito-Langa Manuel , Tomás-Miquel José-Vicente , Fotă Andreea-Elena
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to contribute to the debate on the firm’s innovative determinants. Drawing on the relevance of internal resources, such as the knowledge base, in developing the innovative practices, it also considers the multiplier effect of network competence, defined as the ability to develop and consciously manage relationships with other actors in the territory.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on data obtained from personal interviews with managers and oenologists from the wineries that adhered to the Protected Designation of Origin in the Alicante province/region.

Findings

The results confirm the positive effect of the knowledge base. In addition, it shows that increased competence in managing the firm’s relational context allows it to obtain external knowledge inputs, which, combined with internal knowledge, benefits its innovative practices.

Originality/value

This study contributes to a better understanding of how companies can improve their innovation by combining internal knowledge with developing and strengthening links with other agents in the territory.
Developmental milestones and terrorism: age-linked variations in risk assessment
Authors: Kenyon Jonathan , Simpson Kris
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Against a backdrop of an increasingly younger terrorist cohort within His Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service, this study aims to explore the relationship between age and various Extremism Risk Guidance 22+ (ERG22+) assessment outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

A database of 490 individuals was developed by coding content of ERG22+ reports from 2010 to 2021, equating to nearly all cases in England and Wales across this time period. Socio-demographic information, offending histories, online activities and risk factors were coded for all individuals. This study focuses on 465 individuals convicted of terrorist/terrorist-related offending, with statistical analyses used to compare three age groups: “20 and under” (61 cases), 21–25 (133 cases) and “26 and over” (271 cases).

Findings

Significant associations were found between presence of certain behaviours/characteristics and age groups. For those aged 20 and under, a heightened propensity for excitement, comradeship and adventure, along with greater susceptibility to influence and need for status were generally key to offending pathways, with a diminished likelihood of a prior criminal history. Of the three ERG22+ dimensions, findings indicate a weak but significant negative correlation between age and engagement levels.

Practical implications

Recommendations include ensuring extremism risk assessments reflect age-specific behaviours and tendencies, that interventions are tailored to address common age-related vulnerabilities, and the need for age-specific policies to support and manage children and young adults within the counter-terrorism space.

Originality/value

These novel findings point towards notable developmental milestones in adolescence, affecting behavioural tendencies and risk. This underscores the importance of age as a determinant when interpreting extremism risk assessments.
Examining CSR communication on social media during a victim crisis: a machine learning based text analytics approach
Authors: Yang Jing , Basile Kelly , Zhao Xiaowei
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study examines how top global brands changed their corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication on social media during a victim crisis, and how their CSR communication on social media influenced consumer sentiment.

Design/methodology/approach

Using 18,502 firms’ Facebook posts and their most relevant consumer comments from pre-pandemic and during-pandemic timeframes, this study integrates machine learning techniques (BERTopic) with human-based qualitative analysis to analyze CSR posts. It also measures the polarity and magnitude of consumer sentiment with Google Natural Language AI. We tested seven hypotheses using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM).

Findings

The machine learning-based topic modeling analysis showed that firms increased CSR communications intensity on social media and they more intentionally chose different CSR communication strategies for different topics on social media during the victim crisis. The hypothesis testing results show proactive, accommodative and interactive strategies have a significant impact on consumer sentiment polarity and magnitude, and these effects are moderated by the level of interactivity and industry type.

Originality/value

(1) This study takes a dynamic view to examine the firms’ CSR communication on social media during a victim crisis. It used machine learning-based text analytics and found many interesting results on how firms changed their CSR communication topics and strategies on social media during the crisis. (2) It measures both consumer sentiment polarity and sentiment magnitude to conduct sentiment analysis. The results indicate that the CSR communication strategies have different impacts on the two sentiment components. (3) It integrates machine learning techniques with human-based qualitative analysis. It shows how researchers can gain the benefits of both approaches.
Industry 5.0 – the human centric solution and personalization: challenges and opportunities for libraries
Authors: Ashiq Murtaza
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Industry 5.0 is considering a paradigm shift from mass production to mass personalization and a human-centric model of services using modern technologies. This study aims to examine the Industry 5.0 and its applications in various sectors. It also pinpoints the possible challenges and opportunities for libraries promoting library services, resources, infrastructure and spaces to attract the modern library users.

Design/methodology/approach

Relevant literature on the topic was searched using keywords including Industry 5.0, modern technologies, artificial intelligence, sustainability and green shift and libraries. The researcher also used his experience and the initiatives of the Punjab University Library, which is the oldest and largest university in Pakistan, to promote personalization and user-centered approaches.

Findings

Findings revealed challenges and opportunities for libraries. Using Industry 5.0, Libraries have the potential to understand users’ preferences, browsing history and information behavior, and accordingly design their services, resources, infrastructure and spaces. Libraries can serve their modern users through personalization and human centric approach such as content recommendations, alert and notification services, customized research assistant, inclusive and accessibility services, personalized event services and personalization through human books.

Practical implications

Professional library associations, library schools, library directors and libraries need to proactive learn and apply Industry 5.0 while establishing library services, resources, infrastructure and spaces. Library schools need to design their curriculum considering the Industry 5.0 technologies, tools, and platforms.

Originality/value

This study provides a pen picture of the Industry 5.0 and its impact on libraries. Potential challenges and opportunities are highlighted. These all initiatives required a visionary library leadership to take initiatives toward human-centered personalized services and attract the modern library users.
‘Home is not what it was’: making, unmaking, and remaking precarious homes among housing activists in Spain
Authors: Gutiérrez Garza Ana Paola
Published: December 2024

Activists fighting evictions in Madrid develop various social, affective, and material connections with and disconnections from their homes. This is especially important for people who are immersed in a regime of economic austerity and neoliberal housing policies that have provoked the social and material unmaking and remaking of homes. These processes take place and are performed through the making and unmaking of material and affective links that people have with objects, materials, and infrastructures. I show how making, unmaking, and remaking precarious homes are multifaceted processes that involve material destruction and reconstruction. They are also affective and political responses to austerity and material loss. More importantly, they bring the intimacy and care for the home to the realm of political activism within the PAH (Platform for People Affected by Mortgages).
“Sticking to One's Post” or “Backing the Right Captain”?—The Impact of Corporate Environmental, Social, and Governance Performance on Employee Turnover
Authors: Zhou Shengshi
Published: December 2024

Do employees respond to a firm's environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance? This study examines the relationship between corporate ESG performance and employee turnover, employing social identity theory and rational action theory. Using data from Chinese A‐share nonfinancial listed firms over the period from 2011 to 2020, the results reveal a positive U‐shaped relationship. Specifically, moderate levels of ESG performance are associated with reduced employee turnover. And this relationship is more pronounced in the environmental and social pillars. Further analysis shows that employees at high‐performing firms are more concerned with ESG performance, and those with high environmental awareness exhibit greater sensitivity to it. Information asymmetry may mediate the relationship between corporate ESG performance and employee turnover. These results contribute valuable insights into the broader implications of ESG performance for employee turnover, clarify the underlying mechanisms, and offer practical guidance for refining corporate ESG strategies.
Unveiling New Clinical and Genetic Insights in Ultra‐Rare Intellectual Disability Phenotypes: A Study of a Turkish Cohort
Authors: Turkyilmaz Ayberk , Sager Safiye Gunes , Terali Kerem , Kart Pinar Ozkan , Kamasak Tulay , Ayaz Akif , Cebi Alper Han , Cansu Ali
Published: December 2024

Intellectual disability (ID) is defined as a severe impairment in reasoning, learning, and problem‐solving abilities along with adaptive behavior that occurs before the age of 18 years. The present study aimed to present the clinical and genetic data of a cohort of Turkish pediatric patients diagnosed with the ultrarare (which only up to 20 cases having been reported in the relevant literature thus far) ID phenotype. A total of 29 patients from 26 different families, who were diagnosed with ultrarare ID upon whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis, were included in the study. Of the patients included in the study, 18 (62%) were male and 11 (38%) were female. There was consanguinity between parents in 16 families (55%). With respect to the ID phenotype, three families had cases with a similar phenotype, while 23 families (88%) had sporadic cases. Upon molecular analysis, 28 different variations in 23 different genes were noted. Of the variations detected, 15 were missense, 6 nonsense, 4 frameshift, 2 splice‐site, and 1 gross exonic deletion. Nine (32%) variations were novel among the detected variations. This study summarized the clinical and genetic features of 23 different ultrarare ID phenotypes by means of WES study, including copy number variations (CNVs) analysis. Novel clinical and genetic findings in the present study contribute to a better understanding of the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum. The effects of some rare variations on protein structure were revealed by means of in silico modeling. Newly described cases with ultrarare phenotypes help achieve a clearer description of the clinical and genetic manifestations of the syndromes and gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms.
Severe Allergic Contact Dermatitis From Octylisothiazolinone in Over‐Ear Headphones: A Case Series
Authors: Menanteau Marion , Fenech Goël , Adam Benjamin , Langlois Eddy , Marcant Pierre , Pelletier Eric , Staumont‐Sallé Delphine , Bensefa‐Colas Lynda , Crepy Marie‐Noëlle
Published: December 2024

Background

Octylisothiazolinone (OIT; CAS 26530–20‐1) is used as a biocide in leather products.

Objectives

To report several cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from the use of headphones containing OIT, and to highlight the strong allergic potential of this preservative.

Patients and Methods

Four patients with ACD from headphones were patched tested using the European baseline, cosmetic, rubber, plastics/glues and acrylates series. Patients were also tested to different parts of their own headphones (‘as is’). Chemical analyses of the headphones was additionally performed with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS).

Results

All patients had developed localised ACD to the contact sites of the headphones, except for one patient who developed ‘angioedema‐like’ dermatitis. All patients were shown to have been primarily sensitised to OIT. UPLC‐MS/MS analysis confirmed OIT in the leather ear pads of the headphones.

Conclusions

OIT is a relevant and strong sensitizer in leather, and may cause severe ACD. Safer use concentrations (limits) of OIT, as well as product labelling in the leather industry, may be required to ensure a better protection of consumers.
Hepatic thyroid hormone receptor‐β signalling: Mechanisms and recent advancements in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis
Authors: Polyzos Stergios A. , Targher Giovanni
Published: December 2024

The pharmacotherapy of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its progressive form, the metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH), remains a hot topic in research and a largely unmet need in clinical practice. As the first approval of a disease‐specific drug, resmetirom, was regarded as a milestone for the management of this common liver disease, this comprehensive and updated review aimed to highlight the importance of the hepatic thyroid hormone (TH) receptor (THR)‐β signalling for the treatment of MASH, with a special focus on resmetirom. First, the genomic and non‐genomic actions of the liver‐directed THR‐β mediated mechanisms are summarized. THR‐β has a key role in hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism; disruption of THR‐β signalling leads to dysmetabolism, thus promoting MASLD and possibly its progression to MASH and cirrhosis. In the clinical setting, this is translated into a significant association between primary hypothyroidism and MASLD, as confirmed by recent meta‐analyses. An association between MASLD and subclinical intrahepatic hypothyroidism (i.e. a state of relatively low hepatic triiodothyronine concentrations, with circulating TH concentrations within the normal range) is also emerging and under investigation. In line with this, the favourable results of the phase 3 placebo‐controlled MAESTRO trials led to the recent conditional approval of resmetirom by the US FDA for treating adults with MASH and moderate‐to‐advanced fibrosis. This conditional approval of resmetirom opened a new window to the management of this common and burdensome liver disease, thus bringing the global scientific community in front of new perspectives and challenges.
Why do governments fund some humanitarian appeals but not others?
Authors: Rost Nicolas , Clarke John N.
Published: December 2024

Motivation

What explains the fact that the humanitarian response in some crises is well funded, while other humanitarian emergencies are largely neglected? The literature identifies three groups of factors that influence aid allocations: needs in recipient countries, donor countries' interests, and agenda setting driven by media coverage; although there is debate over how relatively important these are.

Purpose

This study tests existing theory by adding three novel aspects.

Approach and Methods

First, rather than just measuring the amount of money available, we consider the share of funding that is provided against the stated requirements. Second, we measure humanitarian needs in a more detailed way than has typically been the case. Third, we use datasets that have been underutilized in the academic literature.

Findings

By using these three novel approaches, we confirm that all three factors—humanitarian needs, strategic interests, agenda setting—play a role. However, the most consistent factor is media coverage. We are also able to distinguish between different dimensions of need: the number of hosted refugees makes a difference, but the number of displaced people does not. We find that countries with the worst human rights situations attract lower funding levels and more democratic countries attract more funding.

Policy Implications

Donors should consider how the factors identified in this study influence their funding decisions in the aggregate. They should be aware of how media coverage may influence their allocations of humanitarian funding. Journalists should be aware of potential biases in their reporting on humanitarian emergencies. Aid agencies should consider counteracting the factors that are associated with underfunded emergencies.
Dimensions of Parental Involvement in Refugee and Migrant Students' Education: Views of Parents and Teachers of Zones of Educational Priority (ZEP) Classes of a Greek Intercultural High School
Authors: Karpontini Margarita
Published: December 2024

Parental involvement and its various aspects regarding students' education have drawn scholarly attention over the last few decades. Parents from minoritised backgrounds lack opportunities for active participation in their children's education, which, in turn, could prove fruitful for children's academic progress and future social inclusion. The present case study approaches views on parental involvement in Zones of Educational Priority (ZEP) classes, as displayed by Greek language teachers, as well as by a sample of ZEP students' parents, stemming from refugee and migrant backgrounds. It specifically addresses experiences discussed by both parents and teachers in the process of communication across settings, the emerging patterns from both sides, and the strategies considered as most effective for home–school communication by the participants. The current study corroborates previous research on the importance of parental involvement in refugee and migrant education and further advances it through participants' perspectives on solutions. It constitutes an effort to encourage more extensive research and potentially impact the design of educational policies and practices on parental involvement regarding ZEP classes.
Plasma microRNAs as prognostic biomarkers for development of severe epilepsy after experimental traumatic brain injury—EpiBioS4Rx Project 1 study
Authors: Heiskanen Mette , Ndode‐Ekane Xavier Ekolle , Ali Idrish , Santana‐Gomez Cesar , Puhakka Noora , Gupta Shalini Das , Andrade Pedro , Immonen Riikka , Casillas‐Espinosa Pablo , Manninen Eppu , Smith Gregory , Brady Rhys D. , Silva Juliana , Braine Emma , Hudson Matt , Yamakawa Glen R. , Jones Nigel C. , Shultz Sandy R. , Harris Neil G. , Wright David K. , Gröhn Olli , Staba Richard J. , O'Brien Terence J. , Pitkänen Asla
Published: December 2024

Objective

To test a hypothesis that acutely regulated plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) can serve as prognostic biomarkers for the development of post‐traumatic epilepsy (PTE).

Methods

Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 245) were randomized to lateral fluid‐percussion–induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) or sham operation at three study sites (Finland, Australia, United States). Video‐electroencephalography (vEEG) was performed on the seventh post‐injury month to detect spontaneous seizures. Tail vein plasma collected 48 h after TBI for miRNA analysis was available from 209 vEEG monitored animals (45 sham, 164 TBI [32 with epilepsy]). Based on small RNA sequencing and previous data, the seven most promising brain enriched miRNAs (miR‐183‐5p, miR‐323‐3p, miR‐434‐3p, miR‐9a‐3p, miR‐124‐3p, miR‐132‐3p, and miR‐212‐3p) were validated by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR).

Results

All seven plasma miRNAs differentiated between TBI and sham‐operated rats. None of the seven miRNAs differentiated TBI rats that did and did not develop epilepsy (p > .05), or rats with ≥3 vs <3 seizures in a month (p > .05). However, miR‐212‐3p differentiated rats that developed epilepsy with seizure clusters (i.e., ≥3 seizures within 24 h) from those without seizure clusters (.34 ± .14 vs .60 ± .34, adj. p < .05) with an area under the curve (AUC) of .81 (95% confidence interval [CI] .65–.97, p < .01, 64% sensitivity, 95% specificity). Lack of elevation in miR‐212‐3p also differentiated rats that developed epilepsy with seizure clusters from all other TBI rats (n = 146, .34 ± .14 vs .55 ± .31, p < .01) with an AUC of .74 (95% CI .61–.87, p < .01, 82% sensitivity, 62% specificity). Glmnet analysis identified a combination of miR‐212‐3p and miR‐132‐3p as an optimal set to differentiate TBI rats with vs without seizure clusters (cross‐validated AUC .75, 95% CI .47–.92, p < .05).

Significance

miR‐212‐3p alone or in combination with miR‐132‐3p shows promise as a translational prognostic biomarker for the development of severe PTE with seizure clusters.
Evaluation of the Flats Fishery to Formulate and Propose a Regional Strategic Plan to Improve Fisheries and Protected‐Area Conservation and Management in the Yucatan Peninsula of Belize and Mexico
Authors: Perez Addiel U. , Adams Aaron
Published: December 2024

Coastal fishery resources shared by Belize and Mexico emphasize the need for bi‐national conservation and management strategies. We used the recreational flats fishery as a model to: (1) evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a mixed‐methods approach for fishery conservation and management and (2) propose a general strategic plan to guide conservation and management that also benefits biodiversity of aquatic resources. The approach consisted of gathering local knowledge, observing participants, reviewing literature, and interviewing key representatives of the flats fishing community, resource managers (governmental and co‐managers), academia and non‐governmental organizations, followed by online surveys, to rank overall findings and prioritize concerns identified by a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis. Our findings indicated that science, education, conservation, and management were important. The strategic framework included goals, objectives, strategies, and outcomes that will depend on validation and collaboration amongst sectors to generate information and application to fisheries and protected areas (PAs) management to benefit local communities, national economies, and preservation of biodiversity. Prioritized needs included: (1) science to address habitat loss and degradation, overharvest, habitat use conflict resolution, fishing pressure, and protection of key habitats for all life cycles of target species; (2) education and awareness to increase knowledge, address fish handling practices, and guide conservation and management decision‐making; (3) inclusion of the flats fishery in conservation plans, PAs, development, and economic plans; and (4) improved enforcement of regulations to ensure sustainability.
Effects of Hyporheic Water Exchange on Microbial Community Structure and Function: A Case Study in the Beiluo River, Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Tang Bin , Song Jinxi , Zhang Junlong , Rehman Adnanul , Li Bingjie , Long Yongqing , Li Nan , Mao Ruichen , Feng Jiayuan , Chen Junhang , Zhou Shengsheng , Qu Yue
Published: December 2024

Microbial communities in riverine hyporheic zones provide essential ecosystem services. However, the mechanisms whereby they respond to hyporheic water exchange under different habitat stress conditions remain poorly understood. Therefore, investigating the impact of riverine hyporheic exchange on the microbial community composition and its potential ecological function is essential, particularly in the seasonal rivers of northern China.

To elucidate the structure and function of hyporheic zone sediment microbial communities in response hyporheic exchange and environmental fluctuations, we examined associations by performing in situ falling‐head permeameter tests and eDNA techniques.

The primary findings were as follows: (1) We detected variations in the spatial distribution patterns of streambed hydraulic conductivity (range, 0.055–3.490 m/day) and vertical fluxes (range, 1.886–342.0 mm/day) among different monitoring stations. (2) Microbial communities displayed compositional similarities and spatial heterogeneity. Stations with limited vertical exchange were characterised by reduced species diversity. (3) Prokaryotes showed better modularity characteristics with higher stability and functional diversity than eukaryotic communities. (4) Differences in the abundance of microbial metabolism and genetic functions were observed among different habitats.

This study emphasises the significance of local hydrological patterns (such as downwelling) in maintaining riverine environmental elements and acting as hotspots for microbial diversity within the hyporheic zone. The heterogeneity of the hydrological patterns governing hyporheic water exchange can explain the abundance, species diversity and biogeochemical processes of microorganisms within this zone.
Performance of urine Xpert MTB/RIF ultra in a tuberculosis screening strategy in hospitalized patients with advanced HIV disease: Results from an implementation initiative in Brazil
Authors: Falci Diego R. , Pasqualotto Alessandro C. , Vieceli Tarsila , Sued Omar , Reis Nicole , Soares Renata B. A. , Godoy Cassia S. M. , Hatem Nayla A. , dos Santos Nathalia Pereira , Regis Razzolini Bruna , Sprinz Eduardo , Perez Freddy
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing in urine samples as part of a TB screening strategy in patients with advanced HIV disease (AHD).

Methods

We conducted a multicentre prospective cohort study across three HIV reference hospitals in Brazil, between January and December 2023. The study included adult hospitalized patients with AHD, defined by a CD4 count of <200 cells/μL in the last 3 months or clinical presentation suggestive of opportunistic infection, without effective antiretroviral treatment. Participants underwent systematic tuberculosis (TB) screening using urine Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and TB lipoarabinomannan (TB‐LAM) tests. The diagnosis performance of urine Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra was assessed including sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Disease characterization was based on the Global Tuberculosis Dictionary. Survival at 30 and 90 days was also evaluated.

Results

Urine molecular testing was performed on 133 patients. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra showed a sensitivity of 20.7% in bacteriologically confirmed TB cases and 21.2% in cases that included both clinically diagnosed and bacteriologically confirmed TB. The addition of urine Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra to TB‐LAM led to the detection of three additional cases, representing a 6.3% increase from the 48 cases detected by TB‐LAM. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra had a specificity of 96.9% and no rifampicine resistance mutations were detected. Overall mortality was 16/133 (12.0%) at 30 days and 25/127 (19.7%) at 90 days.

Conclusions

There was a high overlap between urine TB‐LAM and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra results, with the addition of Xpert MTB/RIF providing limited additional benefit for TB screening in patients with AHD.
Are Estonians the true Finns? Homeland and residence country perspectives on support for the populist radical right
Authors: Jakobson Mari‐Liis , Sipinen Josefina , Taimla Kaarel
Published: December 2024

This article tackles the puzzle of why immigrant voters would support a populist radical right party (PRRP). Exploring the case of Estonian residents in Finland, it draws on 13 in‐depth interviews conducted with Estonians who voted for the Finns Party in the 2021 Finnish local elections, and survey data. The article produces a conceptual model explaining how both homeland politics and integration to residence country contribute to PRRP support. Estonians' support for the Finns Party partly results from a political realignment in Estonia and the Estonian PRRP's campaign activities. The influence of homeland politics is also furthered by their lack of political integration in the residence country, and their experience of immigrant integration, which prompts them to identify as ‘the good immigrant’ as opposed to groups they consider less integrated and thus position as inferior to themselves.
Dynamic open time‐dependent traveling salesman problem with speed optimization
Authors: Çimen Mustafa , Soysal Mehmet , Belbağ Sedat , Kazanç Hande Cansın
Published: December 2024

Increased awareness of people of the problems caused by CO2 emissions brings companies to consider environmental issues in their distribution systems. The rapid advance in technology allows logistics companies to tackle with dynamic nature of distribution networks (e.g., a change in the vehicle speed due to unexpected events). The planned routes at the beginning of the time horizon could be subject to modification at any point in time to account for the recent traffic information. This study addresses a dynamic open time‐dependent traveling salesman problem. The problem also involves speed optimization that aims to find optimal vehicle speed in a dynamic setting by respecting real‐time traffic conditions. We develop a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation for the addressed problem to determine routing and vehicle speed decisions. Furthermore, a MILP‐based myopic‐clustering decomposition heuristic algorithm has been introduced to solve large‐sized instances within reasonable solution times. The use of the heuristic algorithm provides decision‐makers with a responsiveness capacity by enabling fast incorporation of dynamically observed data during operations. The numerical analyses demonstrate the potential benefits of employing the proposed tools.
Two new species of Mylochromis (Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi, Africa
Authors: Turner George F.
Published: December 2024

Two new species of Mylochromis Regan 1920 are described from specimens collected on shallow rocky habitats on the northwestern coast of Lake Malawi. The generic designation is based on their prominent oblique‐striped pattern and lack of any of the unique features of other Malawi cichlid genera with this pattern. Mylochromis rotundus sp. nov. is distinguished from most congeneric species by its relatively deep, rounded body and lack of enlarged pharyngeal teeth. It is further distinguished from Mylochromis semipalatus and Mylochromis melanonotus (if they are different species) by its relatively shorter snout. Mylochromis durophagus sp. nov. is distinguished from most congeneric species by its strongly molarized pharyngeal dentition. It differs from Mylochromis mola by having a shorter snout, a less acutely pointed head profile, a deeper body, and a more continuous oblique stripe. M. durophagus has a much less steep head profile than Mylochromis anaphyrmus or Mylochromis sphaerodon. It is suggested that M. rotundus was previously identified informally as Mylochromis sp. “mollis north,” and M. durophagus as Mylochromis sp. “mollis chitande.” Lectotypes are designated for comparator species M. sphaerodon and Mylochromis subocularis.
Enhanced Segmentation and Ensemble Classification for Accurate Plant Disease Detection
Authors: Santhosh Kumar P. , Kalaivani K. , Balakrishna R.
Published: December 2024

The majority of the crops are wasted owing to deficiency of transport, plant diseases and lack of storage facilities. Above 15% of crops are worn out in India owing to diseases and therefore it has turned out to be a main concern to be solved. This study introduces an advanced framework for plant disease detection by integrating enhanced image segmentation techniques with robust ensemble classification models. Our methodology begins with the pre‐processing of plant leaf images using median filtering and Wiener denoising to reduce noise and enhance image quality. As the next step, the Improved Region Growing Algorithm (IRGA) is deployed for the segmentation of images. Then, features together with ‘Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), improved Binary Gabor Pattern (IBGP), Haralick features, color features like RGB Color Histogram, disease area and higher order statistical features (Entropy, Skewness, variance and kurtosis)’ are extracted. The improved independent component analysis (IICA) model is then used to choose the best attributes. Lastly, detection takes place using Ensemble classifiers (EC) including Neural Network (NN), modified effective squeeze and excitation block‐based deep convolutional neural network (M‐ESE‐DCNN) and bi‐directional gated recurrent unit (BI‐GRU). Further, the DCNN weights are optimised via the Colliding Archimedes and Teamwork Algorithm (CA‐TWA) model. For the best case with dataset 1, EC + CA‐TWA got a high accuracy of 0.94, while EC + BOA, EC + DOX, EC + SSO, EC + TOA and EC + ArOA had lower accuracy. Furthermore, for all schemes, dataset 1 displays superior outputs to dataset 2 and dataset 3. Finally, an evaluation is done to validate this work.
The effect of sleep and shift work on the primary immune response to messenger RNA‐based COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Brouwers Tamara M. J. , Çobanoğlu Ümmü Gülsüm , Geers Daryl , Rietdijk Wim J. R. , Gommers Lennert , Bogers Susanne , Lammers Gert Jan , van der Horst Gijsbertus T. J. , Chaves Inês , GeurtsvanKessel Corine H. , Koch Birgit C. P. , de Vries Rory D. , van Baarle Debbie , van der Kuy Hugo M. , Lammers‐van der Holst Heidi M.
Published: December 2024

Shift work can cause circadian misalignment, which often results in sleeping problems and has been associated with immune dysfunction. To better understand the impact of shift work on a primary immune response to vaccination, we compared severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐specific humoral and cellular immune responses after one injection of the messenger RNA (mRNA)‐1273 vaccine between day workers (n = 24) and night shift workers (n = 21). In addition, duration and quality of sleep were assessed for a period of 7 days around the time of vaccination using actigraphy and daily sleep diaries, and their relationship with immunogenicity of mRNA‐1273 vaccination was studied. We found that median total sleep time on the 2 days immediately after vaccination, which coincided with the days that night shift workers worked night shifts, was significantly lower in night shift workers (342 and 318 min) than day workers (431 and 415 min) (both p < 0.001). There was no difference in sleep quality between day workers and night shift workers. Furthermore, no difference in the antibody response between the two groups was observed, yet night shift workers had a significantly higher virus‐specific T‐cell response than day workers 28 days after immunisation (p = 0.013). Multivariate regression analysis showed no association between sleep duration, sleep quality and SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific humoral or cellular immune responses. Collectively, these findings indicate that shift work‐induced sleep loss and night shift work have little to no effect on the primary immune response to mRNA‐based COVID‐19 vaccination.
Clinical findings, treatment, and outcomes in cats with naturally occurring hypoadrenocorticism: 41 cases
Authors: Roberts Emma , Ramsey Ian K. , Gostelow Ruth , Latysheva Anna , Battaglia Luca , Silvestrini Paolo , Benchekroun Ghita , Brenner Karen , Conversy Bérénice , Ferriani Riccardo , Kortum Andre , Stammeleer Lisa , Van den Steen Nele , Tavares Flavia , Lieser Julia , Hibbert Angie , Duclos Antoine , Bunn Troy , Boag Alisdair M , Arenas Carolina , Roe Kirsty , Zeugswetter Florian K. , Cui Yi , Schofield Imogen , Fracassi Federico
Published: December 2024

Background

Hypoadrenocorticism in cats is uncommonly reported. Most reports consist of cats with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, or both.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To describe clinical findings, treatment response, and outcome in cats diagnosed with hypoadrenocorticism, including cats with abnormal and normal serum sodium and potassium concentrations.

Animals

Forty‐one cats with hypoadrenocorticism; 36 with and 5 without abnormal serum sodium and potassium concentrations.

Methods

Multicenter retrospective observational study. Data for the entire cohort were assessed using descriptive statistics and differences between cats with and without abnormal serum sodium and potassium concentrations were evaluated.

Results

Median age was 5.7 years (range, 0.2‐13.8). Twenty‐three (56%) cats were male and 18 (44%) were female. Cats with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, or both were less likely to have a history of vomiting (P = .01) but more likely to be hypothermic (P = .03), dehydrated (P = .04) or weak (P = .04) on examination, compared with nonhyponatremic and nonhyperkalemic cats. Frequency of hypercalcemia was 31.7%. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) was diagnosed in 4/7 cats tested; all 4 had concurrent cobalamin deficiency. Thirty‐five (85.4%) cats survived to discharge. In 2 cats, hypoadrenocorticism occurred secondary to lymphoma. Median survival time (MST) for all‐cause mortality was 2035 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 294‐4380 days); MST for disease‐specific mortality was not reached.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Approximately one‐third of cats with hypoadrenocorticism had hypercalcemia. In some cases, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia were not observed. Cats with nonneoplastic associated hypoadrenocorticism that survive initial hospitalization can have a favorable long‐term prognosis. Testing for EPI may be warranted in cats with hypoadrenocorticism.
Introduction to the special issue on property tax administration
Authors: Ross Justin M.
Published: December 2024

This issue is specialized on the theme of property tax administration. The issue features six original research articles and two research notes and is well‐timed for the current moment of American politics and policy. New Mexico, Virginia, Georgia, Florida, Arizona, Colorado, and North Dakota had ballot initiatives this November aimed at restricting property taxes or granting various forms of property tax relief. Over the past year, Colorado, Indiana, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, and New Jersey established legislative task forces on property taxes that have churned out various recommendations to their General Assemblies.