bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Light, Air, and (No) Sun. Negotiating Illuminance, Ventilation and Insolation Through Architectural Form To Achieve Energy-Efficiency and Comfort in Residential Buildings in Very Hot Climates: Two Case Studies from Muscat, Oman
Authors: Knebel Nikolaus , Paramahamsa Harindren
Published: February 2022

The discourse on energy-efficient buildings tends to shift out of the realm of architecture and into engineering and programming. In the latter disciplines, sophisticated solutions are developed and introduced to the green building industry. However, such solutions require financial and technical capacities that are only found in technologically highly developed countries. In developing countries and their ever-growing metropolises, a much more robust approach seems appropriate. This paper explores how the energy-demand for creating comfortable interior environments in very hot climates can be significantly reduced by promoting simple and straightforward architectural means. It seeks to relocate the discourse back into the realm of design, where less costly, more feasible and long-lasting solutions can be found. The paper presents two case studies of residential architecture in Muscat, Oman. Through simulations of solar insolation as well as daylight studies, it shows how architectural form can respond to two solar phenomena - heat and light – in such a way that insolation on glazed facades is minimized, while illuminance of interiors is optimized. It claims that this can lead to a new regional architectural idiom that puts the famous modernist credo on its head by stating that energy-efficient buildings in a hot climate zone require “light and air, but no sun”.
A COMPARISON STUDY BETWEEN THE THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE ORIGINAL AND REBUILT VERNACULAR BUILDINGS OF DANA VILLAGE IN JORDAN
Authors: Allouzi Rawan , Karydis Nikolaos , Nikolopoulou Marialena
Published: February 2022

The settlement of Dana in Jordan is undergoing dramatic and rapid changes. The rehabilitation project launched by the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN) provided new tourist accommodation within the settlement, in a way that preserves its unique vernacular character. This has involved the repair and transformation of existing dwellings as well as the rebuilding of those that have been demolished. Currently, the original and rebuilt buildings stand side by side, offering a unique opportunity to compare their thermal performance. This comparison is essential to understand the impact of new construction materials and opening sizes on the thermal performance of vernacular buildings. For this purpose, the thermal performance of rebuilt and original buildings was monitored in August 2019 and February 2020, representing the hot and cold seasons. The recorded data was interpreted statistically, aiming mainly to compare the results from the original rooms with those from the rebuilt rooms. The study showed that the original buildings of Dana hotel resist thermal transfer more than the rebuilt ones. Both parts provide thermal comfort in summer, with the rebuilt rooms offering slightly better thermal comfort conditions. Meanwhile, neither original nor rebuilt rooms provide adequate thermal comfort in winter.
MEDIA PHOTOVOICE UNTUK MENGGAMBARKAN PEMBINAAN KEAGAMAAN SĂMAŅERA DAN AṬṬHASĪLANĪ PADEPOKAN DHAMMADĪPA ĂRĂMA
Authors: Riawati Riawati
Published: February 2022

This study aims to find out how Photovoice media can provide an overview of the religious formation carried out by sāmaṇera and aṭṭhasīlanī Padepokan Dhammadīpa rāma. This research is a qualitative research using the Photovoice method. The data collection techniques in this study were observation, documentation, interviews, and the use of individual experience data. The results of the research of sāmaṇera and aṭṭhasīlanī Padepokan Dhammadīpa rāma when they have semester breaks not only stay at the monastery, but they also provide guidance to people in various cities in Indonesia. Examples of coaching the people, coaching anjangsana, fostering Buddhist Sunday Schools, coaching sports, filling out the Dhammadesana, and being a religious tour guide at the Dhammadīpa Rāma Padepokan Vihara. In addition, the coaching that is carried out alone is carrying out worship services, activities carried out through training, training activities to convey Dhammadesa and participating in interfaith activities. This can be known or proven through pictures or photos.
EKSISTENSI PENYULUH AGAMA BUDDHA DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN KEYAKINAN UMAT BUDDHA DI VIHARA MAITRI RATNA DUSUN BEDUG DESA GEDONGREJO KECAMATAN GIRIWOYO KABUPATEN WONOGIRI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Suharno  , Hariyanto  , Ngadat
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan eksistensi penyuluh agama Buddha dalam mempertahankan keyakinan umat di Vihara Maitri Ratna Dusun Bedug, Desa Gedongrejo, Kecamatan Giriwoyo Kabupaten Wonogiri. Objek penelitian adalah penyuluh Agama Buddha Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data berasal dari wawancara dan observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah model interaktif yang mengklasifikasikan analisis data dalam tiga langkah yaitu reduksi, penyajian, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi penyuluh agama Buddha sangat dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat Buddha. Eksistensi penyuluh sebagai penggerak umat atau motivasi dalam mempertahankan keyakinan ajaran Buddha Dhamma. Seorang penyuluh memiliki tiga komponen penting dalam fungsi dan perannya sebagai seorang penyuluh, yaitu menggerakkan, mengarahkan, dan menopang tingkah laku manusia. Kompetensi penyuluh agama Buddha sangat membantu dalam pengetahuan dan wawasan umat Buddha.
The Connection of Thought, Culture and Language: Revoking Myth Unveiling Truth
Authors: Khairuddin Khairuddin
Published: February 2022

Scholars and laymen alike are interested in understanding how thought, culture and language are related. Misunderstanding of this relatedness may have serious consequences: legislators make misleading constitutions, judges impose wrong legal rulings and imprisonment on the innocent, and educators apply ineffective pedagogy. Relativism and mentalism, the two leading linguistic schools of thought, have been around in sharp differences explaining about the relation between thought, culture and language. Relativism believes that language precedes, determines, and influence or shapes though, whereas mentalism hypothesizes the contrary that it is thought that creates and changes language. This article describes the theoretical concepts and empirical proofs underlying the two views of linguistic views. By using literature comparative analysis, this study has found that mentalism has strong standpoints in comparison with relativism’s which have weak standpoints. This study also presents implications for language learning that are rooted in the mentalism conception.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM HARTA BAWAAN DEBITUR PASCA PERCERAIAN
Authors: Puspa Fitriyah
Published: February 2022

Masalah utang termasuk dalam bidang status personal, dimana perkawinan yang dilakukan antara pasangan yang akibat hukum utang menjadi beban yang ditanggung bersama dari perkawinan perjanjian antar warga negara terutama terkait pembagian harta bersama.  Mengenai perjanjian kawin tersebut diatur dalam Pasal 29 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan. Hal ini karena adanya kesepakatan yang dibuat antara pihak suami dan istri baik mengenai harta bersama setelah perkawinan dan hak perwalian anak maupun status kewarganegaraan anak dan masing-masing pihak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dan yuridis empiris yang dilakukan analisis menggunakan teori kepastian hukum dan teori pertanggungjawaban hukum. Dari hasil penelitian Peristiwa yang banyak terjadi di bidang utang-piutang, pengembalian utang yang wajib dibayar oleh debitur acapkali tidak sebagaimana yang telah diperjanjikan. Dalam kepastian hukum terhadap jaminan kredit nasabah atas objek hak tanggungan tanah dan bangunan apada penurunan nilai appraisal oleh bank namun pada pengikatan jaminan kredit dengan hak tanggungan dilakukan apabila seorang nasabah atau debitur mandapatkan fasilitas kredit dari bank.Perceraian merupakan suatu penghapusan perkawinan yang disertai oleh putusan hakim maupun atas kehendak dari salah satu pihak baik suami istri melalui pengajuan tuntutan salah satu pihak dalam perkawinan.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA MELALUI BISNIS MODEL CANVAS KERAJINAN TENUN PONDOK PESANTREN AL-FALAH PLOSO, MOJO,KEDIRI
Authors: Nur Alifiyah  , Ahmad Budiman
Published: February 2022

Kegiatan Wirausaha yang dilakukan di Pondok Pesantren Al-Falah Ploso Mojo Kediri adalah salah satu program kemandirian ekonomi pesantren Bank Indonesia yang diberikan untuk meningkatkan kemajuan program kemandirian ekonomi pesantren dari segi finansial dan menciptakan minat berwirausaha bagi pemuda. Selain itu, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produktifitas usaha agar semakin berkembang dan mampu bersaing di pasar. Untuk mengembangkan usaha kerajinan tenun, manager unit usaha Pondok Pesantren Al-Falah Ploso Mojo Kediri perlu memperbaiki strategi usaha dengan tujuan meningkatkankan penjualan dan pendaptan. Upaya peningkatan kualitas strategi usaha  dilakukan dengan menganalisis sembilan elemen kunci Bisnis Model Canvas dan dianalisis mendalam menggunakan analisis SWOT untuk uji kekuatan (Strength), kelemahan (Weakness), ancaman (Threats ) dan kesempatan (Opportunity). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitataif yang disajikan secara deskriptif dan menghasilkan empat implikasi menejerial yang perlu perbaikan strategi usaha.
Lessons learnt from the first large outbreak of COVID-19 in health-care settings in Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Johnston Fay , Anderson Tara , Harlock Michelle , Castree Natasha , Parry Louise , Marfori Therese , McPherson Michelle , Veitch Mark , Smith Kylie , Stephens Nicola
Published: February 2022

Problem: One month after the initial case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Tasmania, an island state of Australia, two health-care workers (HCWs) from a single regional hospital were notified to public health authorities following positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. These were the first recognized cases in an outbreak that overwhelmed the hospital’s ability to function. Context: The outbreak originated from two index cases. Both had returned to Tasmania following travel on a cruise ship and required hospital admission for management of COVID-19. A total of 138 cases were subsequently linked to this outbreak: 81 HCWs (most being nurses) and 23 patients across three hospitals, one resident of an aged-care facility and 33 close contacts. Action: The outbreak was controlled through the identification and isolation of cases, identification and quarantining of close contacts and their household members, closure of the affected facilities and community-level restrictions to reduce social mixing in the affected region. Lessons learnt: Factors that were likely to have contributed to ongoing transmission in this setting included workplace practices that prevented adequate physical distancing, attending work while symptomatic, challenges in rapidly identifying contacts, mobility of staff and patients between facilities, and challenges in the implementation of infection control practices. Discussion: Many commonly accepted hospital practices before the COVID-19 pandemic amplified the outbreak. The lessons learnt from this investigation changed work practices for HCWs and led to wider public health interventions in the management of potential primary and secondary contacts.
Labor training in design and technological activities of students
Authors: Sribna Yuliia , Borysova Tetiana , Savenko Ihor , Kaliazin Yurii , Tytarenko Valerii , Svyrydiuk Nataliia
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study is analyzing of labor training in the design and technological activities of students in the current educational environment, the pedagogical technologies that can purposefully influence the development of intellectual activity and creative potential of students must be the leading ones. One of these in the educational sphere is design and technological activity, which is one of the priorities in labor training. The relevance of the research is in the discourse of ways and forms of hypothesis is that the introduction of design and technology activities to the labor training contributes to increasing the level of students' success and develops practical skills by involving them in active creative work and socially beneficial activities.
Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Ibu PKK dalam Pencegahan Covid-19 Melalui Inovasi Pembuatan Masker, Konektor Masker, Serta Handsanitizer dari Bahan Alami
Authors: Aini Vera Nur
Published: February 2022

Virus corona merupakan virus yang menular yang menyerang sistem pernapasan. Dan bisa menyebabkan kematian, maka dari itu kita perlu melalukan pencegahan covid-19 melalui inovasi pembuatan masker, konektor masker, serta handsanitizer yang akan dilakukan bersama ibu PKK di kota gresik yang bertujuan untuk membantu meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat terhadap adanya damapak pandemik covid-19. Metode pemberdayaan ekonomi ibu PKK dalam pencegahan covid-19 berbasis Aset Based Community Development (ABCD). Lokasi pemberdayaan dilakukan di kota Gresik tepatnya di Desa Indrodelik Kecamatan Bungah khususnya ibu PKK di wilayah RT 13 RW 06. Lama pelaksanaan pemberdayaan selama 45 hari. Langkah-langkah pelaksanaan kegiatan pemberdayaan antara lain : (1) proses pembuatan handsanitizer, masker, dan konektor masker, (2) pengemasan produk handsanitizer, masker dan konektornya, (3) memamerkan hasil produk ke media sosial. Pemberdayaan ini dapat menghasilkan sesuatu yang bermanfaat sehingga dapat menambah ekonomi masyarakat. Setelah dilakukan pemberdayaan, masyarakat sudah teredukasi dengan baik, mampu memanfaatkan potensi yang mereka miliki, serta dapat meningkatkan perekonomian mereka. Program ini sudah terlaksana dengan baik, karena Ibu-Ibu PKK sudah mampu membuat handsanitizer alami, masker kain dan konektornya secara mandiri.
Pemberdayaan Manajemen Remaja Masjid dalam Meningkatkan Ekonomi Melalui Hadrah Banjari di Desa Ponteh Kecamatan Galis Kabupaten Pamekasan
Authors: Rozi Mohammad Fahrur , Suhaimi Suhaimi
Published: February 2022

Masjid merupakan tempat ibadah bagi umat muslim, oleh sebab itu masjid menjadi tempat yang paling mulia di muka bumi. Umat Islam wajib memakmurkan masjid baik dengan aktivitas keagamaan dan perayaan hari besar Islam. Dalam memakmurkan masjid membutuhkan biaya oprasional demi suksesnya acara. Faktanya, masjid tidak ada dana masukan dana yang pasti, hanya kotak amal jum’at dan sumbangan para dermawan yang dijadikan dana operasional. Oleh karena itu, pengabdian ini diadakan untuk meningkatkan ekonomi masjid melalui hadrah banjari. Hadrah banjari merupakan seni dan sudah menjadi tradisi di masyarakat Madura. Hal ini dibuktikan pada setiap acara pesta perkawinan, timangan bayi umur 40 hari (molang areh) selalu mengundang hadrah banjari. Dengan adanya pengabdian ini, diharapkan remaja masjid mempunyai semangat untuk membentuk group hadrah banjari untuk meningkatkan ekonomi masjid.
PEMANFAATAN LAHAN MASYARAKAT DENGAN BUDIDAYA KANGKUNG DI KELURAHAN SAKO BARU KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Islamy Diah Putri , Austin Trecy , Syaparman Syaparman
Published: February 2022

Membangun ketahanan pangan keluarga di saat pandemi covid 19 sangat diperlukan Masyarakat. Lahan kosong di Kelurahan Sako Baru RW.001 akan dimanfaatkan untuk membudidayakan tanaman kangkung selama pandemi covid 19 bersama kelompok tani fokus menghasilkan kangkung dilakukan sejak penaburan bibit sampai panen. Pemanfaatan lahan kosong digunakan agar lahan yang terbengkalai atau kosong dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi lahan menanam tanaman yang bermanfaat bagi masyarakat. Dalam program kerja dari STISIPOL Candradimuka Palembang melihat potensi lahan kosong di sekitar lingkungan warga yang dapat dimanfaatkan ditanami sayur. Maksud dan Tujuan dari kegiatan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat ini untuk membuka pola pikir masyarakat terhadap lahan yang masih kosong agar bisa dimanfaatkan dan berguna bagi masyarakat, ditambah lagi bisa menjadi nilai tambah ekonomis bagi Masyarakat terutama Masyarakat di RW 001 Kelurahan Sako Kecamatan Sako Kota Palembang.
Pemanfaatan Bahan untuk Penyerapan Lubang Resapan Biopori dan Membuat Tanaman Hidroponik di Perumahan Graha Harapan Mustika Jaya Bekasi
Authors: Robiansyah Anton , Zubir Edward , Ratnawati Nirdukita , Sukatmi Sri , Maulidia Sri , Riady Yasir
Published: February 2022

Banjir merupakan musuh tahunan warga di tanah air salah satu wilayahnya yaitu Graha harapan Mustika Jaya Kota Bekasi, banjir terjadi karena drainase lingkungan yang buruk dan kurangya daerah resapan air. Banjir ini tidak hanya menjadi tanggungjawab pemerintah tetapi juga menjadi tanggungjawab setiap masyarakat. Tim Pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) tergerak untuk ikut membantu program pemerintah melalui kegiatan sosialisasi dan pelatihan yang diberikan kepada masyarakat diperumahan Graha harapan Mustika Jaya Bekasi tetang bagimana cara mengatasi banjir dengan menggunakan teknik lubang resapan biopori dan pelatihan bagaimana membuat alat untuk tanaman hidroponik. Pelaksanaan PKM ini dihadiri oleh 27 orang peserta dengan semua yang hadir adalah ibu-ibu di perumahan Graha harapan Mustika jaya Bekasi.  Kegiatan ini diawali dengan penjajakan dan koordinasi, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pelaksanaan sosialisasi dan pelatihan, serta evaluasi terhadap peserta pelatihan. Hasil dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini berupa berbagi ilmu pengetahuan baru tentang manfaat lubang resapan biopori (LRB) untuk mengurangi terjadinya banjir dan praktik pelatihan pembuatan alat hidroponik untuk meningkatkan produktivitas warga terhadap kebutuhan pokok. Pembuatan LRB dapat berguna untuk menjaga lingkungan dari terjadinya banjir dan pembuatan alat hidroponik dapat membudidayakan tanaman hdirponik sehingga warga perumahan graha harapan tidak perlu membeli sayur kembali dan juga harapan lainnya adalah munculnya wirausaha baru di Kota Bekasi dalam pengembangan bisnis tanaman hidroponik.
From a politics of disgust to a politics of the body
Authors: Bergoffen Debra
Published: February 2022

The politics of disgust weaponizes the bodily recoil of revulsion to legitimate sexist, anti-Semitic, colonial and genocidal violence. Citing the work of neurologists, psychologists, existentialists and phenomenologists, I argue that disgust can be severed from this politics to serve a politics of the body where the repugnance of disgust is reserved for those who repudiate the humanity of our intersubjective vulnerability.
Epidemiology of Adult Obesity, Measurements, Global Prevalence and Risk Factors
Authors:   Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Rivers State University, Nigeria., Orukwowu Udo
Published: February 2022

This report critically evaluated the epidemiology of obesity in adults. Epidemiology has been identified as an essential science in public health that enhances the strategies used to identify and map emerging diseases. The epidemiology of adult obesity is measured according to the rate of incidence, prevalence and mortality in a certain population through a number of variables including person, place and time. However, the incidence and prevalence of adult obesity have been discussed globally, nationally and regionally identifying places of increased incidence and prevalence in graphs, bar charts and tables. Significantly, public health practice has been indicated to underpin epidemiology studies which are useful to inform practice by providing different levels of intervention to curb adult obesity.
Expression of NF-κB mRNA in Helicobacter pylori Positive Iraqi Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Farhan Sinan Subhi
Published: February 2022

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are caused by a combination of variables, including environmental, host-related, and nutritional factors. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an environmental risk factor for many GIT disorders and is designated as a class I carcinogen. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of H. pylori in Iraqi patients diagnosed with IBD and CRC and the expression of NF-κB mRNA in those patients. Methods: Patients with GIT symptoms were tested for the existence of IBD and CRC in a cross-sectional observational study. In biopsies taken from GIT lesions, biochemical and histochemical approaches are employed to determine the presence of H. pylori and the expression of NF-κB mRNA. Results: H. pylori tests were positive in 33.3% of CRC patients, although this was not statistically significant compared to those who had negative testing. Only 63.3% of IBD patients had H. pylori infection. In the CRC group, 53.3% of patients had negative NF-κB expression, whereas all of the patients in the IBD group had a negative test. Conclusion: Patients with CRC had a high prevalence of H. pylori, whereas IBD patients had a low frequency. Patients with CRC had high levels of NF-κB mRNA expression, whereas patients with IBS had none.
Covid-19: desde la epidemiologia e inmunología a la clínica.
Authors: Quintero Velmar Alberto
Published: February 2022

Introducción: El coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2) quien causa la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019, aparece en el mundo con una alta tasa de propagación, convirtiéndose en un problema de salud pública, al ser declarado pandemia por la OMS el 11 de marzo de 2020. El SARS-CoV-2, entra a la célula por su unión con la enzima convertidora de angiotensina II (ACE2) produciendo daño citopático directo en neumocitos, cardiocitos y podocitos, así como en células endoteliales. Sin embargo, es la respuesta inmunológica (RI) tanto innata como adaptativa, activada por el mismo virus, quien se convierte en un mecanismo de daño tisular, al ser evadida o persistir de forma exagerada. El órgano blanco por excelencia del SARS-CoV-2 es el pulmón, otros órganos son comprometidos en especial cardiaco, renal y gastrointestinal, el objetivo de la revisión es documentar la relación entre la epidemiologia e inmunología con la expresión clínica de la enfermedad. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura de artículos sobre epidemiologia, respuesta inmunológica y clínica de la COVID-19, hasta julio de 2021, seleccionando aquellos con mayor interés, de los 188 artículos revisados, se incluyeron 41 artículos considerados por el autor como relevantes. Conclusiones: la RI exagerada y no regulada produce muchas de las manifestaciones clínicas de la covid-19, la tormenta de citocinas, la hiperinflamación y el estado de hipercoagubilidad, se relacionan con enfermedad severa, complicaciones y secuelas.
SARS-CoV-2: una revisión rápida de algunas de las opciones de tratamiento disponibles.
Authors: Rodríguez-Núñez Mariajosé , Delgado Mariangel , Rangel Héctor R
Published: February 2022

Introducción: Con más de 244 millones de casos en todo el mundo, la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 ha afectado a casi todos los países del planeta. El impacto en los sistemas salud, economía, educación y científicos, entre otros, ha sido significativo. La búsqueda de herramientas terapéuticas para el tratamiento y control de la nueva enfermedad, COVID-19, ha sido intensa, pero aún no ha sido posible seleccionar un fármaco específico y eficaz para el tratamiento de la misma. Metodología: el objetivo es resumir la información existente, referente a algunos de los fármacos más comunes usados en terapia contra el COVID-19, para lograrlo se usó una metodología de búsqueda en bases de datos científicas y generales (Pubmed, Google Scholar) usando palabras claves relacionadas con el tema de interés. Los resultados muestran que las drogas más comunes usadas en el tratamiento de esta enfermedad han sido evaluadas en su mayoría en ensayos clínicos. Conclusiones: a pesar de haber transcurrido casi dos años desde el primer caso de COVID-19 no se han desarrollado o reasignado fármacos efectivos y específicos para el tratamiento de la enfermedad y algunos de los que ha sido evaluados han mostrado resultados controversiales.
Methodological Approach to Substantiating the Volume of Academic Hours for the Educational Process in Higher Military Educational Institutions Using the Weibull-Gnedenko Nonlinear Mathematical Model
Authors: Semenenko Liliia , Kirsanov Serhii , Onofriichuk Petro , Vasianovych Mykola , Levchenko Ihor
Published: February 2022

High requirements for professional training of Defence Specialists were and remain the main guarantee of successful functioning of any military structure. Continuous improvement of the educational process in higher military educational institutions is the basis for its transformation to the conditions of the current situation in the world. In the paper, the authors offer an option to determine the number of classroom hours. This project describes approaches to creating a new, modern system of classroom hours, which ensures the continuity of improving the level of professional competence of higher military educational institutions using the nonlinear mathematical model of Weibull-Gnedenko. Organisational and methodological problems were analysed. Because of the analysis of methodological literature, the points of view of teachers and methodologists are compared on the modern methodological work, and a mathematical model was used that established the relationship between the training level of students and the number of academic hours. The proposed model divides the educational process into initial and main periods. The learning process strengthens in the main period. There is a slowdown at the beginning and end.
Alternative Approaches to Clinical Practice in Medical Education During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Borysiuk Iryna , Haioshko Olena B. , Korniichuk Oleksandr , Tsekhmister Yaroslav , Demianchuk Mykhailo
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to propose alternative approaches to clinical practice that would be effective substitutes for traditional clinical practice at the bedside of patients during a pandemic. For this purpose, an alternative approach and a method of determining the effectiveness of its use in medical educational institutions were developed through the method of synthesis. The level of medical competencies acquired during clinical practice was also assessed. The effectiveness of the proposed alternative approach is determined through the Pearson’s chi-squared test and Cohen’s coefficient. This study showed that the distance learning can be introduced through the methods that will allow medical students to acquire the clinical skills needed to perform their professional duties. In particular, video discussions of specific clinical cases, viewing videos of clinical procedures, interviews with a virtual patient, video conferencing, electronic testing, etc. are effective. They allow students to acquire the skills and abilities to conduct a survey of patients, their physical examination, prescription of additional examinations, interpretation of the results, performing clinical procedures, making medical records and more. The results of this study suggest that clinical practice can be realized remotely, if necessary. And the proposed alternative approach to clinical practice allows students to develop the necessary clinical competencies for future professional activities. This study revealed the need for further research to develop methods for assessing the clinical competencies of medical students.
Conditions Fostering International Graduate Students’ Happiness and Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ankomah William S.
Published: February 2022

This paper focuses on eight conditions that kept international master’s students (IMS) in a Southern Ontario university happy and engaged in their studies during the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the first phase of the Appreciative Inquiry’s (AI) 4-D cycle—i.e., discovery—this doctoral study conducted 14 individual interviews and three focus group discussions to identify conditions that made the IMS students happier and more engaged despite pandemic-related challenges. The study is crucial in advancing positive experiences of IMS because existing literature has focused primarily on their challenges and problems. The study’s use of AI, a strength-based theoretical and methodological approach, suggests the need to highlight the quality experiences of this minoritized group. Data revealed specific factors that brought about happiness and boosted IMS engagement in their studies, namely: financial and emotional support from family; responsive instructors; employment opportunities during the pandemic; and learning and engaging in extracurricular activities with colleagues and friends. Other conditions also proved crucial to participants’ happiness and engagement in their studies, including: professionalism of non-teaching staff; the institution’s learning management system and supporting online platforms; virtual access to campus software and other learning resources; and reduced travel time. Study findings aim to inform international student policy and enrich the international student experience literature.
The Post-Pandemic Effects of Distance Education on Business Students: A Review of Expert Reports
Authors: Estelami Hooman , Bezzone Alexa
Published: February 2022

The period following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic presented monumental challenges to education systems around the world. In the United States, the unique effects experienced by business students due to the rapid adoption of distance teaching methods resulted in significant changes in the students' learning environments. Using expert reports published in the media, this article systematically reviews the pattern of student experience cited by experts, and identifies six disruptive effects. Furthermore, the disruptive nature of the changes is contrasted with earlier historical contexts in which distance business education had been deployed to overcome societal challenges. The article concludes with a discussion of expected changes resulting from the massive deployment of distance education methods among business schools in the post-pandemic era.
Data processing of M-100 meteorological rocket system
Authors: NARAYANAN V.
Published: February 2022

Regular weekly synoptic data of the stratospheric and mesospheric temperature, pressure wind over Thumba (Lat. 8032’N, Long. 760 52’E) have been obtained since 9 December 1970 using Soviet meteorological M-I oo rockets. Methods employed for processing the various types of data and their analysis procedure utilized in these Soviet meteorological rocket soundings are described.  The preliminary processing of the radar and telemetry data is carried out manually, while the final data reduction is done by either Minsk-22 or IBM-360/44 computer.  The ehaff wind data reduction method adopted in the piggy back fibre glass and copper chaff cloud experiments using M-I oo rockets is also explained briefly.
Water vapour mixing ratio in the troposphere and its influence on the tropopause over India and neighbourhood .
Authors: RAMAMURTHY K.
Published: February 2022

The distribution or water vapour mixing ratio in the troposphere over different stations in India and the three equatorial stations-Nairobi, Gan and Singapore- through the year has been studied with reference to the level of the tropopause over these stations to see if there is an, relationship between  these two elements. Meridional distribution of water vapour mixing ratio along longitudes 730 E and 800 E during June and October has also be001 examined with reference to the tropopause level along these longitudes during these two months In addition the distribution of the mixing ratio and the level of tropopause during active and break monsoon spells during the years 1971 through 1973 has also been looked into. It is seen from these, that there is no unique or uniform relationship between the tropopause and water vapour mixing ratio over India and along the equator throughout the year.
Spectral representation of hemispheric flow patterns
Authors: BEDI H. S.
Published: February 2022

The method for representing hemispheric atmospheric flow patterns in terms of surface spherical harmonics is discussed. Spectral form of linear balance equation is derived and solved with a suitable boundary condition. The results show that the planetary scale atmospheric systems can be represented to a high degree of accuracy by a limited number of spherical harmonics. The stream function spectrum arrived at by solving spectral form of linear balance equation gives proper representation of actual atmospheric systems.
Computation of divergence and vorticity from observed winds over the Indian region during monsoon
Authors: RAMANATHAN Y. , BASSI M. R.
Published: February 2022

Grid point wind data at 1000,850,700,500,300 and 200mb derived from station observations by manual analysis are subjected to finite. Double Fourier analysis, to compute analytically the vorticity and divergence values from the amplitudes of the Fourier components. These are compared with the values obtained by the conventional central difference method. The truncation errors are round to be less than 30 per cent in 9.5 per cent of the cases. The vorticity values are generally ~10-5 sec-1 and are about twice that of divergence values. For vorticity values exceeding ~5 X 10-5 sec-l in the depression region, the divergence is round to be one order less. For low values of vorticity, i.e., less than ~'5 X 10-5 sec-l the divergence is of the same order.
Design of representative and key rain gauge stations network for flood forecasting in Yamuna and Damodar rivers
Authors: RAO D. V. L. N. , BHALLA V. K.
Published: February 2022

Representative raingauge networks have been determined for two selected catchments in India and regression equations for working out estimates of areal rainfall over the catchment from the rainfall data recorded at these stations have been developed. A few alternate key station networks have also been indicated for  yielding representative estimates of areal rainfall when data for some station in the representative network may be missing. The stability of the various selected networks has also been tested with different sets of rainfall data. It has been possible to determine a small number of stations giving a multiple correlation coefficient of 96 and 98 and the regression explains about 92 arid 97 per cent of the variation in areal rainfall respectively for the two catchments.
The ball-lightning
Authors: POZWOLSKI ALEXANDRE  E.
Published: February 2022

A theory is considered according to which the ball-lightning is a. high density plasma having an important binding energy exceeding the average thermal translation energy.
Magnitude, intensity and radius of perceptibility relations for the earthquakes originating from Himalayan . regions of north India
Authors: VARMA G. S.
Published: February 2022

The paper presents various relations between magnitude, intensity, radius of perceptibility and radius of epicentral intensity, using the data of de3tructive earthquakes which had originated from Himalayan regions of north India. On the basis of this study, a nomogram has been prepared to convert one parameter into another.
Correlation of historic climate with historic prices and wages
Authors: LIBBY LEONA MARSHALL
Published: February 2022

Excursions of average annual air temperature measured by mercury thermometers from 1650 to 1950 show a significant correlation with excursions of annual prices of wheat and a better correlation with wheat prices which have been normalized to the price of sterling to correct for inflation of money.

 A similar correlation is found between measured air temperatures and the quantity, wages of labour divided by price of wheat, namely the amount of wheat which a labourer's daily wage could buy.

The price of wheat normalized in either of these ways correlates fairly well with what is known as historic climate excursions derived from all various climate indicators for the time span from 1250 A.D. to the present.

From the price of wheat normalized to the price of sterling, a temperature scale for the last 650 years has been devised for England.
Possibility of diurnal variation and formation of secondary vortices in the cyclone field as revealed by the radar study of the Arabian Sea cyclonic storm of June 1976
Authors: MUKHERJEE A. K. , SUBRAMANIAN D. V.
Published: February 2022

A diurnal variation in the organisation of cloud bands around the cyclonic storm was the main peculiarity of the Arabian Sea cyclone of June 1976, as observed by the radar. Also the occurrence of heavy rainfall on the coast was seen to lag behind the cyclone. This has been explained on the basis of possible formation of vortices on the right rear quadrant of the cyclone as indicated by the radar observations. Detailed radar observations and tentative explanations for the phenomena are presented.
On the periodicities in the tropospheric wind flow during the northeast monsoon season
Authors: PANT P.S. , BEDI H.S.
Published: February 2022

Several attempts were made ill the past to track the disturbances that affect the weather over south Peninsula during the northeast monsoon season. But these had limited success mainly because of the lack of data over the oceans, Thus-conventional synoptic analysis has its limitations in tracking these disturbances across the, Bay of Bengal. Therefore to determine the periodic nature of these disturbances, the upper wind data of a few stations south of 15 N have been subjected to power spectrum analysis after applying suitable high pass filter.

The results indicate the existence of dominant periodicity of a week to about 10 days. Relatively weak waves of period around 4-5 days are also noticed. The periodicities are generally more marked in the zonal flow than in the medicinal flow. The periodic nature of waves shows some variations from one northeast monsoon season to the other.
Solution to the problem of flow in wells in confined aquifer of variable thickness
Authors: BASAK P.
Published: February 2022

An analytical solution to the problem of steady state flow in a fully penetrating well placed in a confined aquifer of variable thickness is presented. The thickness of the aquifer is assume to either decrease or increase linearly from the face of the well. It is shown that the available solution for uniform aquifer thickness is a particular case of the solution presented. The percentage error in discharge prediction in assuming the aquifer thickness to be uniform, is calculated and presented.
Estimation of soil moisture deficit from meteorological factors
Authors: BISWAS B.C. , MHAISKAR P. R.
Published: February 2022

Soil moisture deficit has been computed from rainfall, potential evapotranspiration and F curve at 30 and 45 cm depths of some representative stations of different climatic zones in India. The F curves show the graphical representation of the ratio of actual to potential evapotranspiration. Comparison of the results so computed with the observed soil moisture deficit shows that the method gives estimates with reasonable accuracy. The study is of practical importance for water budgeting and irrigation scheduling
Role of atmospheric wave interaction in the generation Of easterly zonal current in the monsoon region
Authors: SINGH M. P. , SARMA G. N. , DATTA R. K.
Published: February 2022

One of the significant semi-permanent features of the monsoon circulation of the tropical easterly jet (TEJ).

 

The present paper is an attempt to study the contribution from interaction amongst various waves tropical regions towards the generation of the TEJ. The multiple scale technique has been used to energy exchange process amongst the significant flow patterns of the monsoon circulation. Specifically, we have considered eleven sets of wave triads under the condition of resonance and it is noted that three of these support excitation or generation of TEJ type structure.
Application of a heat budget model to study thermal stress during exercise
Authors: MOHAN H. S. RAM , JULIET S. MARIA
Published: February 2022

In the present paper, a heat budget model developed by Young (1979) which  predicts heat stress in humans during exercise is applied to define the maximum recommended duration, of exercise (MRDE) as a function of ambient temperature, relative- humidity, radiation as well as the level of exercise. The model accounts for the generation, dissipation and storage of heat in the body and allows for solar radiation and the effect of clothing, and predicts the skin and core temperatures and dehydration as a function of time under given ambient conditions.

 

The MRDE charts presented in the paper could be used as guides in defining the types of activities that should be restricted under relatively warm and humid climates. Based on these charts, a bio-meteorological classification of India is attempted to delineate regions where different levels of physical activity may be permitted in the different seasons, without exposing the human subjects to the risks of heat exhaustion and heat strokes.
Climatological approach to cropping pattern in Karnataka
Authors: SURYANARAYANA G. , HEGDE B. R. , KULKARNI K. R.
Published: February 2022

The State of Karnataka is divided into four agroclimatic zones, based on the moisture index during the cropping season, The suitable period for cropping in each zone was worked out by considering the rainfall and actual evapotranspiration (AET). Keeping in view the soil moisture availability in relation to the evaporative demand of the climate during the crop growing season, the optimum dates of sowing for kharif and rabi crops have been suggested. The existing cropping pattern in relation to rainfall, soil moisture, topography and soil type are discussed. The possibility of modifying the cropping pattern has been discussed in relation to the computed safe cropping period for each zone.
Crop moisture index in characterizing the agricultural Drought at Hissar
Authors: BISHNOI O.P.
Published: February 2022

Due to non-availability of soil moisture measurements on large scale, the meteorological budgeting technique has been utilized informulating a crop moisture index in explaining the behaviour of agricultural droutht-its intensity, duration and severity for six different monsoon rainfall years at Hissar station. A thorough testing of Palmer Crop Moisture Index has also been made in explaining the behaviour of rainfall crops during the six monsoon years 1971-1976. Palmer crop moisture index fails to explain the behaviour of crop conditions in the area under study and thus necessitated the formulation of a new crop moisture index which explains the crop conditions in accordance with results obtained in the experimental plots under dryland agriculture.

 

The weekly crop moisture indices have been found better in depicting the crop conditions and can be successfully used in predicting the crop outlook over a large area. Also based on the crop moisture conditions various precautionary measures and agronomic practices have been indicated for practical use when the southwest monsoon is apparently difficult to predict because of the complex monsoon system. The agricultural drought has been classified as under based on the crop moisture index values during the growing season of the crop:

 

Crop moisture index               0-.33           .34-.75   .76-1      1.01-2    2.01-3     3.01-4            >4.01

Agricultural drought cat.      Extremely dry    dry       Semidry   normal   moist    wet Extremely  wet

 

The crop moisture index – its intensity, duration and rhythm in space and time have been found to be very helpful in explaining the role of agronomic practices and has potentiality to explain the crop yield variations.
Quantification of drought and crop potential
Authors: BISWAS B. C. , NAYAR P. S.
Published: February 2022

The dry farming tract in India, where annual rainfall varies from 40 to 100 cm, comprises of 105 districts in nine States. In this tract rainfall is the limiting factor for successful raising of crops, In order to stabilising the crop at certain level even in a low rainfall year, it is essential to know the frequency of drought years so that agricultural planning is drawn up on a rational scientific basis, For the purpose, amongst other things, it is necessary to know the minimum week by week rainfall at different probability levels. In this paper the lowest amount of rainfall at different probability levels (10 to 90% ) has been computed by fitting incomplete gamma distribution probability model to weekly rainfall totals of 87 stations in the dry farming tract during the Indian monsoon season.
 
The same amount of rainfall behaves differently, in terms of water availability to plaits depending  upon atmospheric demand. Moisture Availability Index (MAI) which is defined as ratio of probabilistic rainfall of a week to potential evapotranspiration has been computed, Crop requires various amount of water at its different growing phases and least one third of potential demand is necessary even in the early stage. Moisture availability index at 50% level has been used to map out drought prone areas. The period when MAI >= 0.3 has been taken as the crop growing period, The mid-season water stress period, i.e., when MAI >= 0.3 has been found out from 50% probability level and this period has been  used to map out drought prone area both in time and space, Severity of drought has been classified by the number of water stress periods -as well as their durations. Drought proneness has also been discussed at other probability levels whenever necessary.
 
Applying the present criteria, drought prone area both in time and space in the dry farming tract has been demarcated. A drought prone area is found extending from Aurangabad in Maharashtra to Bangalore in Karnataka. Occurrence of drought is frequent in Gujarat and eastern Rajasthan.
A study of aridity and droughts in the climatic Spectrum of the south Indian region
Authors: SARMA A. A. L. N. , RAVINDRANATH M.
Published: February 2022

The paper initially deals with the classification of the climates of the south Indian region employing water balance procedure. Since the main meteorological source of water supply to the Indian region is the southwest monsoon during the summer season, the moisture regime of the region has a strong seasonal aspect. An attempt has been made here to study the incidence of droughts in the climatic spectrum of the south Indian region since, there is a broad relationship between the type of drought and the pattern of climates. That droughts are a common feature of the dry climates only is a past saying, since it is now known that droughts can and do occur even in humid climates with equal frequency. The Category and the frequency of droughts reduce the output from agricultural crops together with changes in the vegetation pattern.

 

Proneness of the different climatic types of the south Indian region to droughts is investigated by selecting one station from each zone of the climatic spectrum and plotting the yearly indices of aridity against years of record and categorizing the drought years as suggested by Subrahmanyam and Sastri (1969). Decennial frequency of drought years is then calculated at each station and graphically plotted to get an insight into drought occurrence in the various climatic zones of the south Indian region.