bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Economic Development of Cowley County, Kansas
Authors:   , Chisum Richard
Published: February 2023

This thesis is a survey of the history of Cowley County, Kansas from 1870 through 1947 focusing on the economic development of the county.
The United Rhetorical States Of America: A Place For Aristotle In U.S. Citizenship
Authors:   , Beyers Kurt
Published: February 2023

The United States of America was founded on rhetorical justifications and has been governed through most of its history by a system designed to operate on rhetorical principles. The process depends on persuasive practices in the selection of the executives and the legislators responsible for governing. The base of this system is in the citizens responsible for electing the leaders and, ultimately, approving or rejecting the actions proposed by those leaders. Persuasive communication is a vital part of governance at every step. Citizenship in such a government is an active process. This paper argues that citizens, to be actively engaged, can and should use rhetorical principles as tools for evaluating persuasive messages. Aristotle’s principles of ethos, logos and pathos can serve the function of evaluative tools as well as persuasive tools. Rooted in human nature, these principles are as useful in America of the 21st century as in Athens 2,400 years ago. Aristotle’s principles are used here to analyze an historical communication artifact, Abraham Lincoln’s Cooper Union address, and an example of a modern announcement of a presidential candidacy, Ted Cruz’s Liberty University speech, to demonstrate that these principles can serve evaluative purposes.
Sampling Work Functions of Master's Level and Doctoral Level Clinical Psychologists
Authors:   , Campbell Jerry
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to obtain a representative sample of work functions actually being performed by master's level and doctoral level clinical psychologists. It will be incorporated into a questionnaire which will be mailed to a relatively large sample of clinicians. The representative sample of work functions was obtained by mailing Professional Activity Thermometers (PAT's) to a sample of 42 master's level and 56 doctoral level psychologists working in states west of the Mississippi River. Respondents were asked to use the PAT's as daily work function diaries, and to fill out and return one for each of five consecutive work days. A content analysis was then performed on the returned questionnaires. Specific work functions were subsumed under broader categories until there were 13 separate function categories. Preliminary comparisons were made on clinical functions between training levels. The uses of the general function categories, the results of the comparisons, and plans for future research were discussed.
A Study to Develop Expectancy Tables and Correlations for Prediction of Grades in English, Algebra, and General Mathematics from Selected Subtests of the Differential Aptitude Test
Authors:   , Simons Marjorie
Published: February 2023

A testing program is considered one of the important tools of counseling. Although test results should never be used as the only evidence of intellectual ability and aptitude of the student, they do play an important part in the evaluation of the student in the counseling experience.
Jonathan Swift's Recommendations in \A Modest Proposal\ and Economic Conditions in Ireland from 1729 to 1745
Authors:   , Aiken Gerald
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of Jonathan Swift’s “A Modest Proposal” upon the economic situation of Ireland prior to 1745. While Dean of Saint Patrick’s Cathedral of Dublin, Swift wrote several articles in which he discussed the problems and oppressions of the Irish people. In his work entitle The Drapier’s Letters Swift attacked the grant which had been given William Wood for the coining of halfpence for Ireland. The Irish became very disturbed when they learned that the proposed halfpence would not be worth as much as that which was already in circulation, and Wood was forced to withdraw his patent. This action won for Swift the love of the Irish, and he became a national hero. He continued to write for the cause of the Irish although he never again enjoyed the immediate results he had experienced with the Drapier’s Letters. Swift’s political writings reached a climax in 1729 when he published “A Modest Proposal”. In this essay he combined all the points he had made earlier in regard to the condition of the Irish people, together with his latest ideas for improving the entire nation. ”A Modest Proposal” is a satire which suggests that the Irish rear their children for the purpose of being sold for meat; however, it also lists, point by point, the serious recommendations Swift proposed for Ireland. It is these serious suggestions which provide the basis for the study of this thesis. Although nearly all the proposals would have benefited the Irish, no evidence has been found which indicates that these points were ever seriously considered. Ireland continued to suffer because of oppression by the English, and from the indifference of the Irish people. Swift appeared to give up on the idea that the Irish might help themselves, and he returned to writing articles for the clergy. In 1742 he was declared unable to care for himself, and shortly thereafter completely lost his mind. Swift died in 1745 leaving the conditions under which the Irish existed nearly as terrible as when he first began his effort to improve their situation.
A Petrographic Study of the Star Point Sandstone and Blackhawk Formation (Upper Cretaceous), East Mountain, Emery County Utah
Authors:   , Jepsen Karl
Published: February 2023

A total of 23,400 point counts were made on 75 thin sections of sandstones from the Star Point Sandstone and the Blackhawk Formation (Upper Cretaceous) to determine their petrographic characteristics. Both units are litharenites, fine to medium grained, and moderately well sorted. The major lithic components in the Star Point are dolomite and chert with minor amounts of metamorphic rock fragments. In the Blackhawk channel sands, dolomite and intrabasin slump material are the major lithic components. The sand was derived from the Sevier Orogenic Highlands composed of sedimentary terrane to the west and both sedimentary and metamorphic terranes to the north of the study area. Diagenesis was controlled mainly by organic decay and dissolution due to pressure solution. Authigenic minerals and their order of precipitation are the same for both formations. These are quartz and pyrite, calcite, dolomite, and vivianite. The bleach zone in the Star Point was created when acidic waters from the overlying swamp dissolved the ferroan dolomite from the sands. Sandstone dikes within the Hiawatha coal seam (basal Blackhawk) were created during a severe drought when sand was blown from dry stream beds into dessication cracks in the organic material. The Blackhawk channel sandstones are usually very competent and provide good roof stability for underground mining. Well-developed secondary porosity and slump material decreases the competence of the sandstone. Monitoring the occurrence and abundance of these features may indicate areas of potential roof collapse.
Research of Techniques and Styles of Individual Artists and a Study of the Effects
Authors:   , Flagler Timothy
Published: February 2023

From my paintings I gain an inner peace. They are tranquil and peaceful and leave the modern, chaotic world behind. I believe I have achieved this feeling through the most dominant characteristic of my style which is the very subtle transition from dark to light.
Differential Effects of Internal and External Stimuli on Obese and Normal Subjects
Authors:   , Bull Jeffrey
Published: February 2023

S. Schachter and his associates have proposed that obese and normal individuals may be controlled largely by different sets of stimuli (obese persons being more responsive to external stimuli and normals more responsive to internal stimuli). This differential control concept has been supported in the case of eating behavior. The present study was designed to test the usefulness of the concept in other areas (namely thirst, fatigue, and yawning behavior). By use of manipulated clocks, subjects timing themselves on a pursuit rotor task were led to believe that they had worked either twice as long, or half as long, as they actually had. It was predicted that the obese persons’ tiredness, thirst, and yawning would be more controlled by clock stated time (external stimulus) than would normals’. Changes in reaction time, quantity of water consumption, self-rated tiredness, and number of yawns were recorded. No evidence was found to support the concept of obese/normal differentiation based on internal/external control in the areas tested. But, a main effect (with reaction times) for the manipulated time factor was found -- regardless of weight classification, subjects who believed they had worked for a long time had slower reaction times than those who believed they had worked for a short time (both groups, of course, had actually worked the same length of time).
The Criminal Cases of Russell County, Kansas
Authors:   , Dutt Clyde
Published: February 2023

The gathering of criminal statistics has long been recognized as a need and a valuable aid to the federal, state and county officials and to students who desire information over a period of years of the history of a municipality or other governmental area. The primary aim of the writer of this thesis has been to investigate all the criminal case s of Russell County so far as offenses against the law have been prosecuted in the district court. The data presented covers the entire history of the country, finding the total number of cases for the sixty-five years, then by ten-year periods, to find out what years were outstanding as to the number and kinds of offenses charged. There were three hundred eighty-three cases recorded from the first offense October 24, 1872, to March 30, 1937.
Parental Quality Of Marriage And The Effects It Has On Children's Willingness To Support Married, Separated, Or Divorced Parents
Authors:   , Deiter Deirdre
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the current study was to investigate how martial quality affects children’s willingness to provide support to their divorced, separated, or married parents. It was hypothesized that children would be more willing to provide support to parents with higher levels of marital quality prior to divorce or separation. One focus of the current study was to investigate the amount of support given to parents from a younger sample of adult children than typically studied. Data were collected from both the virtual and on-campus student population. One hundred and twenty-four students participated in the study (45 males and 79 females) and ranged in age from 18 to 44. When specifically comparing male and female participants and the amount of support provided, it was hypothesized that women would be more likely than men to provide physical and emotional support and that men and women would be similar in the amount of financial support provided. No significant differences were found between male and female participants and the amount of support provided. Ethnicity and support was also tested in the current study, no significant differences were found. Based on previous research and the hypotheses formulated for the current study using the younger sample population, results did support some hypotheses while others were not. It can be concluded from the results found that marital quality does in fact affect the amount of support provided and the amount of support provided by participants does vary depending on the gender of the parent.
Coping Behaviors of Individuals with Autoimmune Disorders
Authors:   , Gilmore Lyndsey
Published: February 2023

Over the past 50 years, chronic illness has become the principal cause of disability and the need for health care services in the United States (Schattner, Shahar, & Shakra, 2012). Chronic illness currently accounts for 78 percent of health care costs in the United States and affects 45 percent of the population. Due to this extreme growth, it is important to have an understanding of the disorders themselves and the individuals living with them. An online survey was used to measure perceived stress and coping behaviors in participants diagnosed with lupus, fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, any chronic illness, and “healthy” adults. Illness intrusiveness was also measured in the autoimmune sample. Illness activity was be measured using the Illness Intrusiveness Rating Scale (IIRS). The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was used to measure perceived stress. Coping behaviors were measured using The COPE Inventory. It was expected that those with autoimmune disorders would use more positive coping behaviors than “healthy” individuals, but that the two samples would use similar levels of negative coping behaviors. In both samples, it was hypothesized that perceived stress levels would be similar, but that elevated levels of perceived stress would relate negatively to the use of effective coping behaviors, and positively to less effective coping behaviors. Among the autoimmune sample, it was expected that higher level of illness intrusiveness would positively relate to perceived stress, but negatively affect positive coping behaviors. It was also expected that the longer that participants had been diagnosed with the autoimmune disorder, the more effective their coping behaviors would be. Although autoimmune diagnosis and preferred coping behaviors were found to be unrelated, elevated levels of perceived stress were found to be significantly related to the use of less effective coping behaviors in all diagnostic categories. The study looked at the relationship between illness intrusiveness and perceived stress, and the two variables were found to be significantly related in all three of the autoimmune samples. The possible implications of this study can be extensive. Clinicians will be better able to understand individuals living with autoimmune disorders and how these disorders influence the individual’s perceived stress and coping behaviors.
Perceived Threat of Tuberculosis and Compliance with Tuberculin Skin Testing Among International College Students
Authors:   , Tang Woung-Ru
Published: February 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) persists as a serious public health problem, both in the United States and around the world. International students are one of the high risk groups to contract TB. Studying their health beliefs and compliance with TB skin testing may provide valuable Information for community health nurses. The purpose of this investigation was to study perceived threat of TB and compliance with TB skin testing among international college students studying I n the mid-western region of the United States. Becker's Health Belief Model (1974) served as the theoretical framework for this investigation. Using Becker's framework, perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and perceived threat of disease were selected as variables which might explain, in part, variance in compliant TB screening behavior among international college students. On the basis of Becker's theoretical model, the investigation explored differences in perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and perceived threat of TB between those who were compliant with TB skin testing and those who were not. One hundred sixty-two (56.6%) out of 286 international college students participated in this investigation. All subjects completed an Informed Consent Form, Information Sheet, and two subscales of the Champion (1987) Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). Perceived threat of TB was measured by combing two subscales (perceived susceptibility and perceived seriousness) of the CHBMS. The Investigator measured compliance with TB skin testing by examining students' health records at the Student Health Center, and recorded the data on the Tang TB Compliance Form. Subjects compliant with TB skin testing had slightly higher perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and perceived threat scores than subjects non-compliant with TB skin testing. Although t-test analysis found no significant difference in perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, and perceived threat of TB between those who were compliant with TB skin testing and those who were not. However, a highly significant relationship (p<.001) was found between those students who complied with TB skin testing and those students who remembered receiving a letter from the International Student Advisor recommending the skin testing. Based on the findings, clients' compliance behaviors may increase by receiving formal written instructions from health care providers. Future research replicating this investigation should consider using a larger probability sample to study international students' health beliefs and compliance behaviors. In addition, future research using qualitative methods may provide information about the dynamic, holistic, and individual aspects of the international students' cultural beliefs toward TB screening behaviors.
The Development and Use of a Mechanical Heart
Authors:   , Hoffstetter Paul
Published: February 2023

This report deals with the problems involved in the development and use of a mechanical heart. An artificial lung is often used in conjunction with a mechanical heart so artificial oxygenation was also included. The material for this report was taken from medical journals, scientific journals, and textbooks of anatomy and physiology. Problems encountered in the development of a mechanical heart that were solved included the blotting of blood, hemolysis, air entering the blood, oxygenation of the blood, and the attachment of blood vessels to a mechanical heart. The clotting of blood was prevented by the use of heparin. Removal of the heparin effect was accomplished by transfusion of whole blood or, in some cases, protamine sulfate was successful. Hemolysis was reduced by making the functioning parts of the mechanical heart of smooth inert material. The pumping mechanisms of the later models move blood in a fashion similar to a living heart, thereby preventing trauma to the blood. Air was prevented from entering the blood by the use of a cellophane dialysis-tubing obturator and by removal of canulae while they were under a saline solution. The oxygenation of blood was accomplished through the use of dialysis, bubbling, or filming. Blood vessels were handled with care to prevent permanent injury. They were carefully selected for the return of the blood to the body. Short catheters were used whenever possible to prevent excessive pumping pressure. Catheters were pointed in the right direction to prevent excessive fluid accumulation in parts of the body. The mechanical heart is now a useful device and its use is increasing in many hospitals.
John Dryden's Dramatic Theory in His 'Essay of Dramatic Poesy' and its Practice to 1668
Authors:   , Fong Pao-Shu
Published: February 2023

This study has one major purpose: to discover the formation of Dryden’s dramatic theory in the “Essay of Dramatic Poesy” published in 1668 through a detailed study of his seven earlier plays. The first chapter shows an elaborate consideration of the “Essay”. This provides the reasons that make the “Essay” important: as the first critical book review in English; as the first appreciative criticism of individuals; as a revolutionary change from the strict aesthetic rule towards the freedom of Romanticism. Furthermore, a brief summary of the “Essay” is also present. Chapter Two is devoted to the practice of Dryden’s dramatic theory on the unity of action. IT includes a short summary of the plot for each play, and also implicated some minor issues Dryden raised in the “Essay”. The objective of this chapter is that Dryden disrespects the unity of action by providing sub-plots and employing both tragic and comic elements in one play. There is only one play, The Indian Queen, that is regular according to the Neo-classic point of view. Dryden seems to be fond of the sword-play and death on the stage, and each play is written in five acts. The third chapter deals with Dryden’s practice in the unity of time and place. There are two ends reached in this chapter: on the unity of place Dryden prefers more freedom for the tragedy rather than comedy, and on the unity of time Dryden developed his theory of more latitude after the year of 1663 which was practiced in both his tragedies and comedies. Chapter Four illustrates Dryden’s practice on the use of rhymed couplets. In The Indian Queen and The Indian Emperor confirmed his theory in the “Essay”, and the use of rhymed couplets in tragic-comedies exhibits his seriousness on this issue. A few pages present the conclusion of this study following chapter four. The attempt is made to ascertain the evaluation of Dryden’s dramatic theory in the “Essay” through his earlier plays which proves that Dryden was flexible in the practice of his dramatic theory.
A Study of the Socratic Approach for Delivering Drug Abuse Information to Sixth Graders
Authors:   , Tomanek Mark
Published: February 2023

A Solomon five group design was employed to investigate the effects of the “Every Kid Aware\ drug education and prevention program upon the attitudes of 106 sixth grade students. The program was developed to give students the facts about drugs, drug abuse, and drug dependence that they may be better able to make intelligent decisions about their use. The five groups designated as the implementation and comparison groups were evaluated with an instrument developed by Dave Kingsley, Chuck Schmidt, Cindy Keller, and Mark Tomanek. Three null hypotheses were tested. The first hypothesis was the difference between the post-means of a group of sixth graders who received drug education information and a group who did not, will not be statistically significant (as determined by pre- and post-assessment). The second hypothesis was the difference between the post-means of a group of sixth graders who received drug education information and a group who did not, will not be statistically significant (as determined by post-assessment). The third hypothesis was the differences among the post-means of those groups of sixth graders who received drug education information and those who did not, will not be statistically significant. The results of statistical analysis indicate all null hypotheses could not be rejected at the .05 level of significance.
Bio-Ecology On A Mixed Prairie Near Hays, Kansas
Authors:   , Brown H.
Published: February 2023

A survey of the activity of wild animals in connection with range conditions and range management is greatly needed in western Kansas. To have a well-managed range one should have an understanding of the ecological factors which benefit or deplete the native vegetation that is essential for production of livestock. The impact of grazing, and the effect of changes in edaphic and atmospheric environment on the prairie have further emphasized the importance of a cover of grass in preventing erosion.
\You Wanna Play Rough?\: The Unlikely Partnership of the Italian Mafia and Butch Lesbians in Greenwich Village, 1945-1968
Authors:   , Helget Alison
Published: February 2023

During economic and political upheaval in Europe beginning in the late-1910s and dramatically progressing throughout the 1920s, young Italian men emigrated to the United States to earn decent salaries to bring back to their families across the ocean. However, some single men embraced the opportunities of New York City and its diversified neighborhoods. Since xenophobic sanctions forced disenfranchised minorities into confined spaces and immigrants tended to find comfort settling in neighborhoods with well-established ethnic enclaves, this pushed Italian immigrants into the same space as butch lesbians in a counterculture place referred to as Greenwich Village on the west side of Lower Manhattan. Once settled in, those with ties to the original Sicilian Mafia and who intended to institute a new American sector of the criminal enterprise, joined arms with butch lesbians who felt ostracized by their queer community for their conformity to heteronormative-based approaches towards jobs, hobbies, and relationships. This thesis explores the ways the unlikely partnership of the Italian Mafia and butch lesbians transgressed traditional Italian-machismo dynamics, particularly in the way that female masculinity complemented Mafia tradition. Through first-hand accounts, one can see that the alliance revolved around achieving the American Dream—the primary bond between the butches and Italians. While Italian immigrants were criminalized in American society, the butches’ conformity to patriarchal structures severed their ties with femme lesbians and especially openly-radical gay men. In accepting, or rather ignoring, their estrangement from society and closely-affiliated social groups, the butch lesbians and Italian Mafia established a profitable business that spanned the post-World War II era in the most populous city in the country.
The Effects of Personality Variables on Verbal Conditioning
Authors:   , Dinges Norman
Published: February 2023

This study was designed to determine those personality variables which distinguish a good verbal conditioning subjects form a poor one. Subjects were twenty-six undergraduate students divided into two groups of ten subjects each and one group of six subjects selected on the basis of a close correspondence between their level I-M and II-S octant summaries on the interpersonal Diagnostic Grid of the Leary System of Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality. All subjects were requested to tell two stories including themselves, the experimenter and two other people. During the second story the subjects were reinforced by the experimenter with reinforcement consisting of standard verbal reinforces. The data were analyzed on terms of the frequency of the occurrence of the criterion response in each story which in this case represented references to the experimenter. The statistic employed was a Lindquist Type I Analysis of Variance. The obtained value for the F ratio for interaction effects was not significant indicating overall conditioning did not take place and the null hypothesis of no difference between or within groups should be accepted. Although the F ratios for within and between subjects comparisons were not significant, the obtained values of F for these comparison approached the values required for significance indicating trends in the data which may be of importance for further research.
Vicarious and Direct Reinforcement: A Comparison of the Partial Reinforcement Effect on Resistance to Extinction
Authors:   , Matheson Jack
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this experiment was to demonstrate a resistance to extinction effect using vicarious partial reinforcement and comparing it to the resistance to extinction effect using direct reinforcement. Using a 2 X 3 factorial design, 30 children of seven to eight years of age were exposed to one of six conditions. In the vicarious reinforcement conditions, subjects observed a model reinforced with M & M candies according to one of three schedules (continuous reinforcement or one of two variable ratio schedules) bar- pressing at a rate of one bar-press per second. Receiving no reinforcement, Ss then bar-pressed until extinction criterion were met. In the direct reinforcement condition, subjects were exposed to one of three acquisition schedules (continuous reinforcement, or one of two modified variable ratio schedules) receiving M&M candies contingent upon their own bar-pressing and receiving the same amount of reinforcement that vicarious Ss observed. Directly following and continuous to the acquisition series, Ss were placed on an extinction series. The results failed to demonstrate the predicted resistance to extinction effect using vicarious reinforcement, although there was a significant resistance to extinction effect using direct reinforcement. It was concluded that procedural difficulties may have accounted for the large intra-group variability and absence of predicted group differences. Suggestions for further research were discussed.
An Aerial Perspective: Using Unmanned Aerial Systems to Predict Presence of Lesser Earless Lizards (Holbrookia Maculata)
Authors:   , Rogers Sean
Published: February 2023

Implementation of unmanned aerial system (UAS) in conservation biology has allowed researchers to extend their surveying range for monitoring wildlife. Wildlife biologists have started using UAS technology for detecting large species (i.e. elk, manatees) within their surveying range and monitoring changes and disturbance in the landscape. Despite this technological advancement, there are few studies that target smaller species (reptiles, rodents, amphibians) for UAS surveys. The primary reason for this is that these organisms are simply too small for detection for aerial surveying. However, certain species are restricted in their range because they have specific environmental requirements, and the target for UAS survey could change focus from detection of species to detection of their habitat. The Lesser Earless lizard (Holbrookia maculata) is smaller species of lizard that inhabits arid, rocky regions in the southwest United States, which is known to occupy areas of sparse vegetation and rocky or loamy soils. Although this species would be difficult to detect in aerial surveys, their habitat can easily be distinguished in aerial imagery. For this project, aerial surveys performed by UAS technology and ground surveying of H. maculata were analyzed in combination to generate a predictive model of H. maculata presence within a landscape. Three survey areas were assigned for this project: one to generate the predictive model from data collected from ground and aerial surveys, and two were assigned to assess the accuracy of the predictive model based off ground and aerial surveys.
History of The Kansas Mennonites With A Study of Their European Background
Authors:   , Seibert Victor
Published: February 2023

Many books have been written on Mennonite history, but these deal largely with the religious aspect of their life. The purpose of this thesis is to present the social, moral, economic and political aspects of their migrations and life, not only of their early centuries, but of the present time. Only enough of the religious element will be presented to give a general modern knowledge of their religious beliefs which in turn influence their life in general. Particularly will it be stressed how these people have influenced the history of Kansas. This thesis was written for the purpose of preserving early Kansas history, and I was granted that subject because of my personal acquaintances with many of the early Mennonite settlers making it possible to present sketches of their intimate life that probably a stranger would not have been able to secure.
Cognitive Matching Between Students and Instructors : A Study of Resulting Course Grades
Authors:   , Burgard Barry
Published: February 2023

This study examined the relationship of cognitive matching between students and instructors on student grades. The participants were 47 student volunteers enrolled in General Psychology classes at Fort Hays State University, and 19 of their instructors. These instructors taught various academic courses in which the student participants were enrolled. The Embedded Figures Test (Witkin, Oltman, Raskin, & Karp, 1971) was used as the measure of cognitive style. Other research questions were: Is there a relationship between cognitive style and grades, is there a relationship between cognitive style and gender, is there a relationship between cognitive style and academic major, and is there a relationship between instructor cognitive style and grades assigned. The students and instructors were individually administered the Embedded Figures Test. Student course scores were converted into standardized Z-scores for comparability and statistical purposes. Correlational and analysis of variance procedures were utilized to analyze the data. The results of the primary hypothesis that cognitive matching between students and instructors would result in higher course grades was not significant, although the result of the cognitive matching question for female students approached significance. The relationship between cognitive style and academic major also approached significance. The findings were discussed and implications made for further research.
Taxonomic Status of Myotis Occultus Hollister
Authors:   , Valdez Ernest
Published: February 2023

The taxonomic status of the Arizona myotis (Myotis occultus) is uncertain. Although the taxon was described as a distinct species and currently regarded as such by some authors, others have noted what they interpreted as intergradation with the little brown bat (M. lucifugus carissima) near the Colorado-New Mexico state line. In this study, I used protein electrophoresis to compare bats of these nominal taxa. Results of this analysis indicated that the two nominal taxa represent only one species and that M. occultus should be regarded as a subspecies of M. lucifugus.
Emotional Exhaustion Among Teachers
Authors:   , Kim Jinhee
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate burnout in teachers of public and private or parochial schools. The independent variables were: (1) type of school, (2) gender, (3) total years of teaching experience, and (4) grade level assignment. The dependent variables were: (1) emotional exhaustion scores, (2) depersonalization scores, and (3) personal accomplishment scores. The sample consisted of 115 teachers. Each of the four null hypotheses was tested using a three-way analysis of variance. A total of 42 comparisons, excluding 42 recurring comparisons, were tested. Twelve of the 42 comparisons were statistically significant at the .05 level. One of the 12 significant comparisons was for the main effect gender and the dependent variable depersonalization. Male teachers reported a greater amount of depersonalization than female teachers. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. An association among type of school, gender, and emotional exhaustion, 2. An association among type of school, total years of teaching experience, and emotional exhaustion, 3. An association among type of school, total years of teaching experience, and depersonalization, 4. An association among type of school, gender, and personal accomplishment, 5. An association among gender, total years of teaching experience, and personal accomplishment, 6. An association among type of school, grade level assignment, and emotional exhaustion, 7. An association among gender, grade level assignment, and emotional exhaustion, S . An association among type of school, gender, grade level assignment, and emotional exhaustion, 9. An association among gender, total years of teaching experience, and emotional exhaustion, 10. An association among total years of teaching experience, grade level assignment, and emotional exhaustion, 11. An association among gender, tot a l years of teaching experience, grade level assignment, and emotional exhaustion.
A Study of Plant Communities in Relation to Water Depth in a Western Kansas Hydrosere
Authors:   , Oliverius Clara
Published: February 2023

A study was conducted at Moore’s ponds, nine miles south and six mile west of Hays, Ellis County, Kansas. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between plant communities and the water depths in these communities in a Western Kansas hydrosere. The following measurements were recorded during the growing season of 1965: 1) selection and mapping of plant communities, 2) weekly water depth recordings within each community, 3) species list for each community, 4) foliage cover by species in each community, and 5) standing crop production by each community. Due to an excessive amount of precipitation that fell during the growing season in which the study was initiated and completed, the results are not necessarily typical of a hydrosere in Western Kansas.
An Evaluation of Free Instructional Materials In The Field of Woodworking
Authors:   , Tarrant Curtis
Published: February 2023

It is the purpose of this research to evaluate booklets, pamphlets, and charts or other free materials published by industrial firms as to their usefulness as visual aids in the teaching of woodworking. This study includes a criteria for evaluating such aids; the placement of the aids within a general woodworking outline where the aids may be secured; and bar graphs showing percentage comparisons.
Systematic and Evolutionary Relationships Among North American Arid-Land Foxes
Authors:   , Dragoo Jerry
Published: February 2023

Intrapopulational variation was assessed for 14 cranial measurements in 205 specimens of the San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica). Variance components analysis revealed little secondary sexual variation relative to variation with age or individual variation. Both Tukey’s studentized range test and principal components analysis showed that subadult and adult males and females can be pooled for taxonomic study of geographic variation of these foxes. Old adults are significantly larger than subadults and adults and should be analyzed separately. The puppy age class is extremely variable and is not a useful for taxonomic analysis.
Plastic Expression: Color, Image, Idea
Authors:   , Bass Don
Published: February 2023

A painters’ means of expression can never be dictated by any theory or set criteria. Working from personal needs, he is free to make use of any feasible entry in the pursuit of his desired expression. The early paintings or this thesis are essentially, compositions of pure color and form, free of intellectual connotations. In the course of time, however, there arose a need to incorporate elements of a stronger reality potential. The paintings represented here bear evidence to an evolution from the use of pure color-form to the inclusion of real materials, rendered objects of recognition, and photographic images as additional components of expression. Regarding the total, abstract, pulse of the painting as the primary concern, the new images and materials have not been used as central points of interest. They are hopefully, integral parts of the whole structure, working with the color-form attributes to complete the full drama. These entities sometimes appear intellectual or conceptual in character, but when used in the painting they become building blocks in the non-intellectual story of plastic form. Thus, the use of the image is similar to that of color. It is dictated by “felt” or intuitive needs, not intellectual decisions.
John Ruskin, His Social Philosophy
Authors:   , Cunningham Frank
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to set forth the teachings of John Ruskin, to explain them in the light of the day in which he lived, to compare them with recent economic thought, and to point out their influence on the trend of economic thought. With this in mind the author set out first , to develop briefly, the social and economic doctrines preceding and during the time of John Ruskin in order to better understand Ruskin’s social philosophy. To still further enlighten the reader concerning the philosophy of Ruskin a brief biography is presented in which the influence of his early religious training is stressed together with the influence of the ancient philosophers and with the influence of his teacher, Thomas Carlyle. With this background in view the social philosophy was developed from the letters, lectures and essays of John Ruskin. With this material before him the author compared the teachings and doctrines of John Ruskin with those of his contemporaries and with those of his predecessors. It was also interesting to compare his philosophy with that of today and to show how his teachings have influenced the trend of social development.
The Effects of Visual Feedback and Token Reinforcement on Voice Volume Changes in Mentally Retarded Adults
Authors:   , Bieber-Fromm Carrie
Published: February 2023

This study investigated the effects of visual feedback and token reinforcement on voice volume changes in mentally retarded adults with voice intensity disorders. A voice volume feedback apparatus was used in training six subjects who spoke too loudly and six subjects who spoke too softly. In addition to visual feedback, three subjects from the “Loud” group and three from the “Soft” group received reinforcement, in the form of tokens (plastic chips), for speaking at the appropriate intensity. There were a significant improvement in control of voice volume in the “Loud” and “Soft” groups pre- and post (five, 12 and 19 days post-training) baseline decibel readings, cumulative totals of time for the green light on, and team member ratings of each participant. There were no significant differences between the token reinforcement subgroup and the non-token reinforcement subgroup for decibel ratings on time for the green light on. Visual feedback alone was sufficient to motivate these subjects to speak at an appropriate volume level. The decreases and increases in speech volume generalized to the non-training setting.
A Comparison In The Efficiency of The Teaching of Arithmetic In Grades Four To Eight, Inclusive, In The Standard And Non-Standard, One-Room Rural Schools of Western Kansas
Authors:   , Mohr Roy
Published: February 2023

Considerable discussion regarding the effectiveness of the teaching in the one-room rural school versus the standard school has been going on for some time, and it is hoped that the results of this study will throw some light on this subject which appears to be more or less perplexing at the present time. Education has become a science and its accomplishments can be quite definitely measured by the use of standardized tests. Before their time, the task of comparing schools in educational achievement was practically impossible; with age-grade and achievement norms scientifically determined, it became a simple matter to make these comparisons. Since the one-room rural schools have been receiving criticism by many laymen and educators alike, it was felt that a study as much as this might give to the public which invests more money in education than any other type of beneficial endeavor, the facts regarding the teaching process in one of the fundamental subjects in our school program. This study is to discover whether or not the Standardization Movement has materially improved the teaching process, or whether these criticisms have been just.
The Effects of Prescribed Burning and Microhabitat Type on Ant (Formicidae) Functional Groups and a Survey of Ants in the Dr. Howard Reynolds Nature Area (a Mixed Grass Prairie)
Authors:   , Durr Ashley
Published: February 2023

This project sought to understand how prescribed burning and microhabitat type impacts Kansas ant functional groups and also whether prescribed burning in different microhabitat types altered the burn’s impact on those functional groups. The Dr. Howard Reynolds Nature Trail, located in Hays, Kansas, was burned in the spring of 2019. The area consists of 2 distinct habitat types: a dry, mixed-grass dominated uphill area and a moist, densely vegetated downhill area. Pitfall trapping was conducted during the summers of the year prior to the burn (2018) and the year following the burn (2019). 15 pitfall traps were spread across each microhabitat during each year. Ants collected were categorized into functional groups, which allowed a comparison of ants with certain ecologies in response to the treatments. It was found that prescribed burning did not significantly impact the population size or richness of any of the ant functional groups found in this project. What played more of a role in their population dynamics were the conditions of the habitat that ants were collected from, such as the environmental stress factors and the presence of ant competitors in each microhabitat type. The uphill area, which was an open area with less environmental stress in the form of vegetative shade, favored highly competitive functional groups. The downhill area, which had higher environmental stress, favored the stress-tolerant and hypogaeic functional groups.
Graduate Catalog
Authors:   , Mages James
Published: February 2023

The major thesis of my work involved combining drawing techniques and ceramic techniques in such a manner that it would enhance both media. This was achieved by making sculptured forms and reliefs, then proceeding to draw into and on the surface of the clay. The idea of trying to maintain as much of the drawing surface quality as possible led me to the use of soluble salts and underglazes. This process achieves a soft and subtle look on stoneware clay. This also enabled me to maintain the drawn quality on the stoneware fired clay. These are not the only techniques that can be used in combining clay and drawing, but it is the direction I chose to pursue and I feel quite confident in the techniques that I have explored.
Spouse Involvement in Management of Eating Behaviors
Authors:   , Sayler Esther
Published: February 2023

A number of studies contend that environmental contingencies are important components of behavioral modification programs. The prevalent problem of obesity is currently treated more successfully with behavioral methods than other methods. Improvement on these methods is still needed, however. Review of the literature suggests that attitudes of significant others, particularly spouses, are significant factors in a person's success in a behavioral weight reduction program. This study examined married women who had previously participated in a didactic-therapeutic program to modify eating behaviors, It was hypothesized that a good knowledge of behavioral principles and a high degree of spouse support as perceived by the dieter would result in more success with weight control efforts than that experienced by those women whose knowledge and degree of spouse support was not as high. Knowledge of the program's behavioral principles did not seem to be a correlate of weight lost. As measured by this study, spouse support does not account for a significant amount of the variance either. The primary hypothesis was not supported by the data available.
Experienced Control in Medical-Surgical Hospitalization
Authors:   , Perrine George
Published: February 2023

A group of 35 adult medical-surgical patients were administered the Hospital Experienced Control Scale (HECS), a 12 item questionnaire modeled on the Experienced Control (EC) Scale. The HECS was presented to the Ss twice, while they were patients and after they were discharged. The HECS contained questions about three situations: 1) When in the hospital (IH); 2) when not in the hospital (NH); and 3) when with other people (OP). There were four EC components: 1) from internal (FI); 2) over internal (OI); 3) over external (OE); and 4) from external (FE). Two randomized block factorial ANOVAs were performed; one for score means, and one for ratio means (OI/FI and OE/FE). When significant interaction results were discovered for main effects, simple main effects tests were performed. For score means, significant differences at the .05 level were found for 11 of 18 possible simple main effects. For ratio means, significant differences were found for 7 of 14 possible simple main effects. The results confirmed the difference of the IH situation from the other two situations but only demonstrated a few differences between the two presentations. The results were discussed in relation to sociological and psychological approaches and for the light they shed upon the experience of medical-surgical patients relative to the hospital as an institution.