bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Alkylpyridinium Anthraquinone, Isocoumarin, C-Glucosyl Resorcinol Derivative and Prenylated Pyranoxanthones from the Culture of a Marine Sponge-Associated Fungus, Aspergillus stellatus KUFA 2017
Authors: Machado Fátima P. , Rodrigues Inês C. , Gales Luís , Pereira José A. , Costa Paulo M. , Dethoup Tida , Mistry Sharad , Silva Artur M. S. , Vasconcelos Vitor , Kijjoa Anake
Published: October 2022

An unreported isocoumarin, (3S,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-methoxymellein (2), an undescribed propylpyridinium anthraquinone (4), and an unreported C-glucosyl resorcinol derivative, acetyl carnemycin E (5c), were isolated, together with eight previously reported metabolites including p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1), 1,3-dimethoxy-8-hydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone (3a), 1,3-dimethoxy-2,8-dihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone (3b), emodin (3c), 5[(3E,5E)-nona-3,5-dien-1-yl]benzene (5a), carnemycin E (5b), tajixanthone hydrate (6a) and 15-acetyl tajixanthone hydrate (6b), from the ethyl acetate extract of the culture of a marine sponge-derived fungus, Aspergillus stellatus KUFA 2017. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and high resolution mass spectral analyses. In the case of 2, the absolute configurations of the stereogenic carbons were determined by comparison of their calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. The absolute configurations of the stereogenic carbons in 6a and 6b were also determined, for the first time, by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 2, 3a, 3b, 4, 5a, 5b, 5c, 6a, and 6b were assayed for antibacterial activity against four reference strains, viz. two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853), as well as three multidrug-resistant strains. However, only 5a exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both reference and multidrug-resistant strains. Compound 5a also showed antibiofilm activity against both reference strains of Gram-positive bacteria.
Voltammetric Ion Sensing with Ionophore-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes Containing Internal Aqueous Solution, Improving Lifetime of Sensors
Authors: Keresten Valentina , Mikhelson Konstantin
Published: October 2022

The possibility of voltammetric ion sensing is demonstrated, for the first time, for ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) containing an internal aqueous solution. ISEs selective to calcium, lithium and potassium ions are used as model systems. The internal solution of the ISEs contains a chloride salt of the respective cation and a ferrocenemethanol or ferrocyanide/ferricyanide redox couple. A platinum wire is used as the internal reference electrode. It is shown, theoretically and experimentally, that the dependence of oxidation and reduction peak potentials on the sample composition obeys the Nernst law, while the peak currents virtually do not depend on the sample composition. Thus, the electrode behavior is similar to that reported by Bakker’s group for solid contact ISEs with ultra-thin membranes (200–300 nm). It is shown that the use of classical ISEs with relatively thick membranes (100–300 µm) and internal aqueous solution allows for the sensor lifetime of about one month. It is also shown that use of a suitable background electrolyte allows for improvement of the detection limits in voltammetric measurements with ISEs.
Effect of Reprocessing on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Zr-Sn-Nb Alloy
Authors: Wu Zongpei , Jia Yuzhen , Dai Xun , Yi Wei
Published: October 2022

To study the effect of reprocessing on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of Zr-Sn-Nb alloy, the original plates of Zr-Sn-Nb alloy were hot-rolled, cold-rolled and recrystallized to obtain the reprocessed plates. The microstructure of both plates was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD). The original plates and reprocessed plates were put into a static autoclave for 300 days in 360 °C/18.6 MPa water. The relationship between the microstructure and corrosion resistance of the Zr-Sn-Nb alloy was discussed. The coarse deformation grains with twins and fine recrystallized grains were obtained, and grain sizes became smaller. The Ostwald ripening of second phase particles (SPPs) happened, and the average size of SPPs increased. Some SPPs changed from an HCP structure to an FCC structure. Reprocessing made the transition advance, which is related to the accelerated evolution of cracks in the oxide film and the increase in metal-oxide film interface roughness. The deterioration of corrosion resistance is closely related to the change of grain size, SPP size and SPP structure.
Vitamin D in Cancer Prevention: Gaps in Current Knowledge and Room for Hope
Authors: Henn Matthias , Martin-Gorgojo Victor , Martin-Moreno Jose M.
Published: October 2022

Intensive epigenome and transcriptome analyses have unveiled numerous biological mechanisms, including the regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and induced apoptosis in neoplastic cells, as well as the modulation of the antineoplastic action of the immune system, which plausibly explains the observed population-based relationship between low vitamin D status and increased cancer risk. However, large randomized clinical trials involving cholecalciferol supplementation have so far failed to show the potential of such interventions in cancer prevention. In this article, we attempt to reconcile the supposed contradiction of these findings by undertaking a thorough review of the literature, including an assessment of the limitations in the design, conduct, and analysis of the studies conducted thus far. We examine the long-standing dilemma of whether the beneficial effects of vitamin D levels increase significantly above a critical threshold or if the conjecture is valid that an increase in available cholecalciferol translates directly into an increase in calcitriol activity. In addition, we try to shed light on the high interindividual epigenetic and transcriptomic variability in response to cholecalciferol supplementation. Moreover, we critically review the standards of interpretation of the available study results and propose criteria that could allow us to reach sound conclusions in this field. Finally, we advocate for options tailored to individual vitamin D needs, combined with a comprehensive intervention that favors prevention through a healthy environment and responsible health behaviors.
Assessing the Impact of Geographical Distribution and Genetic Diversity on Metabolic Profiles of a Medicinal Plant, Embelia ribes Burm. f.
Authors: Raskar Shubhangi , Purkar Vishwabandhu , Sardesai Milind , Mitra Sirsha
Published: October 2022

The extensive use of Embelia ribes Burm. f. (Embelia) in tribal medicine proclaimed global attention as a promising candidate in complementary and alternative medicine. The knowledge of chemical blends is a prerequisite for the selection of raw materials for herbal medicine formulations; however, the influence of geographical distance and genetic diversity on the metabolome of Embelia fruits is unknown. Therefore, we collected Embelia fruits from four locations across the Western Ghats of India and analyzed the metabolic profile and genotypic diversity of Embelia fruits by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR), respectively. LC-MS/MS analysis yielded 583 compounds; however, the trimmed data resulted in 149 compounds. Further, MS/MS analysis identified 36 compounds, among which we reported 30 compounds for the first time from Embelia. These compounds belong to 11 compound classes that suggest location-specific chemical blends of Embelia fruits. Multivariate analysis showed 94% compound diversity across the accessions. ISSR analysis suggests 95% polymorphism across the accessions. A significant positive correlation (80%) between metabolomics and genotypic data matrices validates the genotype’s influence in tuning Embelia’s metabolic profiles. We conclude that the chemical profiles of Embelia are location-specific, which can be explored for the selection of herbal trade sustainably.
Assessing Future Flood Risk and Developing Integrated Flood Risk Management Strategies: A Case Study from the UK Climate Change Risk Assessment
Authors: Russell Andrew , Sayers Paul
Published: October 2022

As Earth’s climate changes, individual nations must develop adaptation plans to respond to increasing or new climate risks. This study focuses on changing flood risk in England, UK, and examines the policy framework and actions that underpin England’s adaptation from a flood risk management (FRM) perspective. Specifically, the flood risk projections that fed into the UK’s Climate Change Risk Assessment were analysed alongside newly developed FRM adaptation portfolios that modified the flood risk projections to identify the potential of different measures to reduce Expected Annual Damages (EAD). The key findings indicate that: the range of EAD for all flood sources combined is projected to increase by 18–160% by the 2080s depending on the climate change, population growth and adaptation assumptions applied; adopting an enhanced adaptation approach presents an opportunity to manage much of the climate driven change in flood risk, particularly from river flooding; EAD from coastal flood risk shows the greatest increase relative to present day; and surface water flooding will become an increasingly more significant source of flood risk. Interpretation of the results in the context of the policy framework shows how greater coordination and integration of risk managers and interventions is required to improve adaptation planning.
Does Skill Polarization Affect Wage Polarization? U.S. Evidence 2009–2021
Authors: Jiang Huajie , Gong Qiguo
Published: October 2022

(1) Background: Wage polarization and skill polarization are frequently mentioned in the literature, but relatively few empirical studies have focused on the relationship between skill polarization and wage polarization. (2) Methods: Using occupation–skill data from the O*NET database in the United States from 2009 to 2021, this study constructs the occupational socio-cognitive skill scores and the number of perceived physical skills effectively used by an occupation as proxies for measuring skill polarization and matches the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics data from the corresponding years to explore the relationship between skill polarization and wage polarization by using 2SLS. (3) Results: Increases in both the occupational socio-cognitive skills scores and the number of sensory–physical skills effectively used by an occupation lead to higher wages, but the magnitude of the positive effects of these two indicators are different. We also find that these control variables can reduce occupational wages with a lagged effect. (4) Conclusion: Our findings confirm that skills polarization has a positive effect on wage polarization, providing new insights into understanding employment inequality in the labor market. Authorities should focus more attention on increasing the earnings of the low- and middle-skilled workers, especially through vocational skills training to increase the number of sensory–physical skills that can ultimately mitigate wage polarization.
Effects of Fires on Microbial and Metazoan Communities in Peatlands
Authors: Mieczan Tomasz , Bronowicka-Mielniczuk Urszula , Rudyk-Leuska Natalia
Published: October 2022

The increase in the frequency of peatland fires is due to both global climate change and deliberate human activity. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the structure of microbial communities and nematodes before and after a peat bog fire, as well as to analyse the relationships between food web components. Hydrological and physicochemical parameters were analysed during the period before the fire (2018 and 2019) and after the fire (2020 and 2021—2, 4, 8, and 12 months after the fire). The fire clearly modified the physicochemical properties of the peat bog, increasing the temperature, pH, conductivity, and concentrations of biogenic compounds and organic matter. It also caused a pronounced deterioration in oxygen conditions. The fire clearly modified the qualitative and quantitative structure and functioning of microbial food webs. This was reflected in a decrease in the species number and abundance of testate amoebae, with various groups of microbes showing pronounced fluctuations during the study period. The functioning of food webs in peatlands after fires is still very little understood, although an understanding of the functioning of these habitats, which increasingly undergo this type of catastrophe due to global climate change, is crucial.
Analysis of consumer preferences in the market of children's canned meat in Vladivostok
Authors:   Vladivostok State University, Makarova D.M. , \Maslennikova E.V. ,   Vladivostok State University
Published: October 2022

The article provides an analysis of the assortment structure and a study of consumer preferences for children's canned meat in the market of the city of Vladivostok. The compliance of the presented range of children's canned meat with consumer preferences is analyzed.
Present of fish resources of the Small Aral sea (Kazakhstan)
Authors:   Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Smurov A.O. , Plotnikov I.S. ,   Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Aladin N.V. ,   Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Published: October 2022

This work is an attempt to trace changes in the fish fauna, their food supply and fish catches in the Small Aral Sea from the beginning of 1990s to the present. The purpose of our work is a comparative study of changes in the fishery value of the water reservoir at different stages of its development, including during the last anthropogenic regression. Both literature data and those obtained by the authors in the period 1991–2015 were used. Not only data related to the fauna and fish catches proper, but also data on their food supply, represented mainly by invertebrates, were taken into account. The stabilization of the level of the Small Aral Sea, which followed the construction of the Kokaral dam, greatly changed the situation. The gradual decrease in the salinity of the water reservoir allowed the fish living in the Syr Darya to return to the sea. There are currently 16 species of fish in the sea that can be found in commercial catches.
Análise do suporte institucional aos preceptores que atuam nos programas de residência multiprofissional e em área profissional da saúde no HUUFJF/Ebserh com vista à educação permanente
Authors:   , Fernandes Gerusa Cristina de Azevedo
Published: October 2022

A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito do Mestrado em Gestão e Avaliação da Educação vinculado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação Profissional (PPGP) do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação (CAEd) da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF). Considerando que a atividade de preceptoria é um trabalho educativo, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo geral analisar os suportes institucionais aos preceptores que atuam nos Programas de Residência Multiprofissional e em Área Profissional da Saúde no HU-UFJF/Ebserh com vista à educação permanente. O aspecto teórico abordado na pesquisa referese à Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS), que é apresentada como uma ferramenta importante para a aprendizagem no âmbito do trabalho na área de saúde, e, por conseguinte, fundamental para capacitar o profissional da saúde para o exercício da atividade de preceptoria. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada referese ao grupo focal, que foi desenvolvido com os farmacêuticos que trabalham na farmácia hospitalar e que atuam como preceptores nos Programas de Residência Multiprofissional e em Área Profissional da Saúde do HU-UFJF/Ebserh. O resultado da pesquisa apontou alguns desafios e demandas no cenário da preceptoria, a saber: necessidade de formação pedagógica para todos os preceptores e de melhoria na gestão do tempo destes profissionais, além disso, verificou-se a necessidade de maior aproximação entre os atores que compõem a residência e de consolidação do trabalho interprofisssional. Um dos pontos positivos foi a detecção de alguns espaços coletivos para a EPS, como: as reuniões multiprofissionais e os seminários integradores, que devem, no entanto, ser expandidos e aprimorados. O Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE) proposto visa superar estes desafios e demandas, sendo composto das seguintes ações: sugestão de multiplicação do curso de capacitação em preceptoria, formulação de um projeto coletivo de EPS pela GEP e Coremu, proposta de acolhimento ao novo residente a ser adotada pelos serviços do HU-UFJF/Ebserh e a confecção de um relatório apontando a necessidade de organização do tempo do preceptor, tendo em vista os dados obtidos nesta pesquisa.
Sequência de ensino investigativo em centros de ciências: desenvolvendo o conceito de torque e a Lei da Alavanca
Authors:   , Duarte Anderson Kneipp
Published: October 2022

O objetivo desta pesquisa é propor, desenvolver e discutir uma sequência didática por um conjunto de atividades investigativas, em níveis crescentes de complexidade, que possibilita a construção experimental do conceito de torque e da Lei da Alavanca com base na Teoria do Desenvolvimento Humano de Vygotsky e nas Sequências de Ensino Investigativo (SEI) propostas por Carvalho, a favor da Alfabetização Científica. Para isso, foram desenvolvidas as seguintes etapas: apresentação de uma situação-problema; levantamento dos conhecimentos prévios dos alunos; desenvolvimento de atividades experimentais investigativas em um centro de ciências; aplicação dos conceitos científicos desenvolvidos através da utilização de uma alavanca; autoavaliação; avaliação final utilizando o simulador PhET Colorado. As etapas desenvolvidas possibilitaram aos alunos: organizar/reorganizar as informações dadas; levantar e testar hipóteses; justificar as respostas dadas; prever/reavaliar resultados; explicar o processo e os resultados utilizados. Tais ações se configuram como indicadores da Alfabetização Científica utilizados como parâmetros de avaliação da sequência didática. As ações desenvolvidas possibilitaram ainda, reflexões sobre a importância da intervenção/mediação docente e da interação entre professor, alunos e conteúdos. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de planejamento de atividades contínuas para o ensino de física em espaços de educação não formais a favor da Alfabetização Científica.
O indivíduo kierkegaardiano: itinerário entre angústia, desespero e síntese
Authors:   , Rodrigues Ângelo de Almeida
Published: October 2022

O presente trabalho visa, a partir das obras O conceito de angústia e A doença para a morte de Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (1813-1855), a investigar o indivíduo kierkegaardiano e seu itinerário entre angústia, desespero e síntese. Para isso, primeiramente, através da relação entre o indivíduo e sua angústia poderá se observar uma aproximação da síntese pela análise do indivíduo primeiro em seu estado de inocência. Posteriormente, a partir do salto deste indivíduo para uma qualidade existencial, poderemos perceber o surgimento do desespero que é a própria má relação no indivíduo com os polos da síntese. Esta má relação nos demonstrará como se dá de forma real a sua experiência com o seu “si-mesmo”. Por fim, diante do aprofundamento da má relação entre os polos da síntese e da consciência de seu si-mesmo, este indivíduo não mais terá como medida os próprios aspectos do homem, mas sim os de Deus, e assim poderá vislumbrar uma possível saída desta encruzilhada desesperadora: o restabelecimento da síntese a partir do elemento da fé.
Condicionantes da colaboração acadêmica no sistema científico brasileiro
Authors:   , Costa Daniel Oliveira
Published: October 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender a influência da proximidade social, institucional, organizacional, cognitiva e geográfica no contexto colaborativo entre pesquisadores brasileiros no período entre 2009 a 2017. Trabalhos empíricos discutem o papel de proximidades em países desenvolvidos, mas faltam trabalhos que abordem o tema em países em desenvolvimento. Além disso, embora os trabalhos sobre proximidades sejam numerosos, a maioria desses estudos não considera todas essas dimensões simultaneamente. Para a construção da rede de pesquisadores e a construção dos indicadores de proximidades, foram utilizados dados obtidos da Plataforma Lattes do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Os resultados mostram que todas as dimensões de produtividade são relevantes para explicar as publicações de pares de pesquisadores no Brasil. Especificamente, o fato de estar no mesmo estado, pertencer à mesma instituição e à mesma organização possuem associação positiva com o número de publicações. Além disso, interações prévias e contínuas entre os pesquisadores também são condicionantes relevantes.
“Para ser outra coisa para além do que vimos sendo”: reflexões sobre o ensino de projeto arquitetônico no âmbito do patrimônio cultural
Authors:   , Larsen Nathalia
Published: October 2022

A pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar as práticas de ensino de projeto no âmbito do património cultural na graduação de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, permitindo uma aproximação com o currículo, com a didática e métodos adotadas nas aulas-ateliês, estratégia pedagógica do ensino de projeto. O estudo de caso se deu na FAU-UFJF. As análises exploratórias ocorreram a partir da observação e anotações no Diário de Bordo, cadernos que atravessam a pesquisa e aportam ao trabalho experiências anteriores que funcionam como termômetro das análises. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de uma mudança de paradigma nas aulas de projeto. Concluímos que a herança cultural é o carro chefe desse processo.
Gerência do cuidado de enfermagem na manutenção do cateter venoso central para o paciente em transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas
Authors:   , Ornellas Bruna de Castro
Published: October 2022

Introdução: o Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoiéticas é um tratamento complexo, que restaura, em determinadas circunstâncias, os sistemas hematopoiético e imunológico de pacientes que apresentam doenças malignas e não malignas. Para que o procedimento seja possível, é necessário o implante de um cateter venoso central, que poderá estar relacionado a uma série de eventos adversos, tais como complicações infecciosas, trombóticas ou mecânicas. O enfermeiro é responsável pela gerência do cuidado de enfermagem na manutenção do cateter venoso central, prevenindo complicações e eventos adversos relacionados a seu uso. Objetivo: Discutir as ações da gerência do cuidado de enfermagem, visando às melhores práticas baseadas em evidências no processo de manutenção do CVC no paciente submetido ao TCTH. Método: pesquisa de campo do tipo exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa. O cenário de pesquisa é a Unidade de Transplante de Medula Óssea de uma instituição hospitalar privada do município da Zona da Mata Mineira, sendo os participantes da pesquisa dez profissionais de enfermagem. A coleta de dados teve início após a aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, sob o Parecer Consubstanciado 3.205.698 e CAAE de número 06396818.0.0000.5147. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de entrevista semiestruturada, individual, nos meses de abril e maio de 2019. Utilizou-se a análise do conteúdo proposta por Bardin e o software Iramuteq para auxiliar no processo de codificação e categorização dos dados obtidos nas entrevistas. Resultados: Emergiram seis classes compiladas em três categorias. Os principais resultados foram: a importância do cateter no transplante, atuação do enfermeiro no processo de manutenção do cateter, a visão da equipe de enfermagem e a importância da permeabilidade do cateter venoso central. Considerações Finais: O estudo destacou as ações da gerência do cuidado de enfermagem para a manutenção de CVC, entre essas, a comunicação efetiva, o desenvolvimento de práticas educativas, implementação das práticas baseadas em evidências e a necessidade dos profissionais de enfermagem estarem alinhados com as recomendações das melhores práticas a fim de garantir a segurança do paciente e mitigar os riscos de infecção de corrente sanguínea relacionada ao cateter. Os participantes reiteraram o uso da solução de heparina para manter a permeabilidade do cateter venoso central. No entanto, diante dos riscos relacionados ao uso desta solução nos pacientes onco-hematológicos, sugere a reavaliação de qual solução utilizar o setor de transplante.
Klasik Türk Edebiyatında “Parmak Basmak/ Harfine Parmak Basmak” Deyimleri ve Anlam Çerçeveleri
Authors: İLHAN Enes
Published: October 2022

Deyimler, içerdikleri mecaz anlamlar itibariyle ait oldukları dilin mana, çağrışım ve hayal zenginliğini ortaya koyan önemli kalıp ifadelerdir. Şiirde birtakım söz sanatlarının ve mana katmanlarının oluşumuna elverişli yapısı itibariyle, klasik edebiyata mensup şairlerce de sıklıkla kullanılmıştır. Bu noktada şairler tarafından kullanılan kavram, tabir, deyim vb. kalıp ifadelerin her birinin sözlüklerde de yer aldığını söylemek mümkün görünmemektedir. Klasik edebiyat metinlerinde kullanılan bazı deyimlerin günümüze kadar ulaşamadığı yapılan incelemelerle tespit edilmektedir. Bazen de günümüzde de sıklıkla kullanılan bir deyimin klasik edebiyatta farklı mana ve çağrışımlara sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Parmak basmak ve harfine parmak basmak deyimleri de bu çerçevede değerlendirilmelidir.
Çalışmada, ilk olarak deyimlerin güncel manaları üzerinde durulmuş, basılı ve elektronik sözlüklerde deyimlere verilen karşılıklar derlenmiştir. Sonrasında deyimler köken itibariyle sorgulanmış ve bu amaçla Arapça-Farsça bazı sözlükler gözden geçirilmiştir. Deyimlerin Türkçe’nin tarihi devirlerinde var olup olmadığı da ayrıca yapılan taramalarla belirlenmiştir. Son olarak şiir mecmuaları, tezkireler ve divanlardan temin edilen tanıklara göre deyimlerin, klasik edebiyatta sahip oldukları mana katmanları ortaya konmuştur.
Künftige Revisionsaufgabe im Hinblick auf die Rechtsvergleichung des Unmittelbarkeitsprinzips
Authors:   The Korean Association of Criminal Procedure Law, Kim Sung Ryong
Published: October 2022

Die jüngste Änderung der Strafprozessordnung in Korea lässt Zweifel aufkommen, was die Gesetzgebung und die Rechtsprechung über den Zweck des Strafverfahrens und die Rolle der Gerichte und Richterinnen und Richter denken. Der Autor meint, dass insbesondere die Revision des §312 der koreanischen Strafprozessordnung auf der Spitze zu stehen scheint. Als Grund für die Gesetzesänderung wird die Stärkung des Unmittelbarkeitsprinzips und der Beweisaufnahme in der Hauptverhandlung vermutet. In dieser Arbeit wird es untersucht, was man in den Ländern der europäischen Tradition, also des kontinentalen Rechts, die das Prinzip der Unmittelbarkeit als eines der Grundprinzipien des Strafverfahrens anerkennen, unter dem Unmittelbarkeitsprinzip versteht, um es deutlicher zu machen, ob es das richtige Verständnis vom Unmittelbarkeitsprinzip ist, dass persönliche Beweise, die nicht vor einem Richter vorgebracht werden, nicht als Beweismittel verwendet werden können. Und noch es wir geprüft, ob Praxis und Theorie im Bezug auf die Unmittelbarkeit in Korea kein Problem in sich haben.
Dass das Unmittelbarkeitsprinzip die fundamentale Bedeutung hat, dass es ein optimales MIttel für die materielle Wahrheitsfindung ist und dass Deutschland, Schweiz, und anderen europäischen Länder zeigen, dass der Rückzugs vom Unmittelbarkeitsprinzip nicht vom Rechtsstaatsprinzip abweicht, wenn das Recht auf ein Kreuzverhör gewährleistet ist und die Unterstützung eines Anwalts auch vor und außerhalb des Prozesses verfügbar ist, um effizient auf die jüngste Flut von Rechtsstreitigkeiten und Verzögerungen bei der Bearbeitung von Fällen reagieren zu können, sind in dieser Abhandlung vorgestellt.
Der Autor, der es für notwendig hält, das Problem der durch verschiedene Teilrevisionen verursachten systematischen Widersprüchlichkeit der geltenden Strafprozessordnung durch eine sog. Reform zu lösen, analysiert das Unmittelbarkeitsprinzip unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Rechtsvergleichung und versucht vorzuschlagen, was die künftige Revisionsaufgabe sein soll.
The Public Service Duties and Roles of the Public Prosecutors
Authors:   The Korean Association of Criminal Procedure Law, Kim Han-Kyun , Kim Chang Kuhn
Published: October 2022

This essay aims to review the public service duties and roles of the public prosecutors from the viewpoint of criminal justice reform, esp. of the reform of public prosecutors as state power institutions which has had enormous impact on the South Korean politics and people’s life.
According to the Articel 4 of the Prosecutor’s Office Act, each prosecutor shall have the duties and authority falling under any of the following subparagraphs as a representative of public interests: ➀ Matters necessary for investigating crimes and instituting and maintaining public prosecution: Provided, That the scope of crimes for which a prosecutor may commence an investigation shall be significant crimes prescribed by Presidential Decree, such as corruption crimes and economic crimes, Crimes committed by police officers; ➁ Direction for and supervision of special judicial police officers with respect to the investigation of crimes; ➂ Requests for appropriate application of statutes or regulations to a court; ➃ Direction for and supervision of the execution of judgments; ➄Proceedings with litigation or administrative litigation to which the State is a party or a participant, or direction for or supervision of such proceedings; ➅ Matters which fall under the authority of prosecutors under other statutes or regulations. In performing his or her duties, each prosecutor as a civil servant of all citizens shall protect the human rights of citizens, observe due process, and maintain political neutrality, and shall not abuse any authority vested in him or her, in accordance with the Constitution and statutes.
For the progress of the criminal justice reform, focused on the reform of public prosecutors should make both status of representative of public interests and civil servant of all citizens in mind. The 2021 case of ‘public interest task force’ at DAEGU District Public prosecutors’ Office can be recommended as one of the best practice of the reform policy.
National Sustainability Index as a tool for evaluating the implementation of sustainable development goals in Poland in 2010-2019
Authors: Kasztelan Armand
Published: October 2022

The paper presents the assessment results of the implementation of Poland's national sustainable development goals from 2010 to 2019. For this purpose, using taxonomic methods, a synthetic index (National Sustainability Index) was designed. The study sought answers to the following questions: What is Poland's general level of accomplishment of sustainable development goals? What were the dynamics of changes in respective years? Which goals require special attention and actions in the coming years? Considering the possible range of the NSI, a significant improvement in the accomplishment of the national sustainable development goals in Poland was observed in the surveyed years. Nevertheless, some areas still need intervention at the decision-making level, which would contribute to further balancing the paths of economic growth and development in Poland. The added value of the analyses is the synthetic measure designed based on 76 specific indicators and the evaluation of sustainable development in Poland over ten years.
Using of the Recombinant ORF2 and ORF3 Polypeptides of the 3rd Genotype of the Hepatitis Virus E in the Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay Test System for the Serodiagnosis of Class G Immunoglobulins
Authors: Жаворонок С.В. , Задора И.С. , Давыдов В.В. , Анисько Л.А. , Рогачева Т.А. , Алаторцева Г.И. , Лухверчик Л.Н. , Нестеренко Л.Н. , Зверев В.В. , Симирский В.В. , Щербань А.И. , Щука Н.В. , Мытько Ю.А.
Published: October 2022

В статье приведены результаты использования в качестве иммобилизированных антигенов рекомбинантных полипептидов, содержащих белковые продукты открытых рамок считывания генов ORF2 и ORF3 вируса гепатита Е (ВГЕ) 3-го генотипа (разработаны и предоставлены ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им. И.И. Мечникова», Москва, Россия), разведенных в карбонатно-бикарбонатном буфере до рабочей концентрации 2 и 0,25 мкг/мл соответственно. Установлено, что иммуносорбент одинаково хорошо взаимодействует с иммуноферментными конъюгатами тест-систем Вектогеп Е-IgG («Вектор-Бест», Новосибирск) и «ДС-ИФА-АНТИ-HEV-G» (НПО «Диагностические системы», РФ), что может использоваться для адаптации тест-систем ИФА в зависимости от целей исследования. Для оценки показателей внутрисерийной воспроизводимости были исследованы одна низко- и две высокопозитивные по содержанию анти-ВГЕ IgG сыворотки пациентов в нескольких повторах. Показатели коэффициента вариации не превышали рекомендуемую величину в 10%. При этом более специфичной в отношении низкопозитивных по анти-ВГЕ IgG сывороток крови людей является комбинация ORF2 и ORF3 2,0 и 0,25 мкг/мл и конъюгата тест-системы «ДС-ИФА-АНТИ-HEV-G», что определяет ее преимущественное использование в дальнейшем.

The article presents the results of using recombinant polypeptides containing protein products of the open reading frames of the ORF2 and ORF3 genes of the hepatitis E virus (HЕV) of the 3rd genotype as immobilized antigens (developed and provided by FSBSI "Scientific Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums I.I. Mechnikov", Moscow, Russian), diluted in a carbonate-bicarbonate buffer to a working concentration of 2 and 0.25 μg/ml. It was found the immunosorbent interact equally well with enzyme immunoassay conjugates of the Vectohep E-IgG test systems (Vector-Best, Novosibirsk) and DS-ELISA-ANTI-HEV-G (NPO Diagnostic Systems, RF), which can be used for adaptation ELISA test systems in depending on the objectives of the study. To assess the indicators of in-series reproducibility, one low- and two high-positive anti-HЕV IgG sera of patients in several repeats were studied. The coefficient of variation when using the immunosorbent did not exceed the recommended value of 10%. At the same time, the combination of ORF2 and ORF3 2.0 μg/ml and 0.25 μg/ml with the conjugate DS-ELISA-ANTI-HEV-G is more specific for low-positive anti-HЕV IgG human blood sera, which determines its preferential use in the future.
COVID-19 Associated Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis: Problems of Diagnosis and Treatment (clinical cases, literature review)
Authors: Матиевская Н.В. , Прокопчик Н.И. , Данилевич Н.А. , Валентюкевич В.В. , Полудень Н.В. , Смоленская Д.С.
Published: October 2022

Представлен обзор литературы по современным методам диагностики и лечения инвазивного аспергиллеза легких, ассоциированного с COVID-19. Описаны 3 клинических случая инвазивного аспергиллеза легких у пациентов с тяжелой инфекцией COVID-19, 2 из которых были подтверждены на аутопсии.

A review of the literature on modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis associated with COVID-19 is presented. 3 clinical cases of the invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with severe COVID-19 are presented, 2 of which were confirmed at autopsy.
A review of deep learning in structure and function in glaucoma
Authors: Mariottoni Eduardo B. , Medeiros Felipe , Costa Vital P.
Published: October 2022

The relationship between structural damage and functional loss in glaucoma is of great importance for its diagnosis and management. The functional status is usually assessed through visual field examination, a subjective test that is burdensome and time-consuming. Moreover, it depends on patients’ answers and there is a learning curve until accurate and reliable measurements are possible. Structural assessment, on the other hand, has remarkably improved since the development of optical coherence tomography, a fast test that allows for objective and quantitative analysis of retinal layers. The relationship between the two tests, however, is complex and nonlinear, and is influenced by interindividual variability. Thus, qualitative evaluation or the use of conventional statistics might not be appropriate. In recent years, we have seen a remarkable evolution of artificial intelligence algorithms and deep learning models. These techniques have proved adequate to model such complicated relationships. In this review, we summarize studies that investigate the structure and function relationship in glaucoma making use of artificial intelligence and deep learning, the challenges associated with predicting visual field information from structural measurements, and the strategies adopted to improve their accuracy.
Kepemilikan Manajerial, Kepemilikan Institusional, dan Kepemilikan Asing terhadap Manajemen Laba
Authors: Hutauruk Martinus Robert , Yanti Novi , Nurjannah Rizki
Published: October 2022

Earnings management in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2019 period. The sampling technique was purposive sampling and the sample in this study was 10 samples for 5 years. Panel data regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of this study prove that institutional ownership and foreign ownership affect earnings management. The implication of institutional ownership is that some investors cooperate with company managers to obtain the desired profit, rather than monitoring to minimize earnings management actions, while foreign ownership which has an effect on the higher the level of foreign ownership shares in a company can reduce earnings management actions. With results indicating an increase in foreign ownership shares can affect earnings management actions.
Laju Korosi Atmosferik Baja Konstruksi di Area Pabrik PT. Karya Tanah Subur
Authors: Supardi Joli , Susanto Herdi
Published: October 2022

Abstract Environmental pollution that can cause atmospheric corrosion is the exhaust gas (exhaust fumes) generated from operating the palm oil industry. This atmospheric corrosion will reduce the volume and material mass of a machine component, so that if it reaches certain conditions the strength of the material will result in failure of industrial machine components. The corrosion rate of the construction steel can be measured using the weight loss method according to the ASTM G-50 standard and the ASTM G-1 standard. The research was conducted for one year and data collection was taken every month, the research location was at PT Agro Sinergi Nusantara Batee Puteh. The results of the study, the highest corrosion rate occurred in strip steel reaching 0.57 mpy in October and the lowest corrosion rate occurred for angled steel in September and cylindrical steel in May with a corrosion rate of 0.06 mpy. Keywords— atmospheric corrosion, ASTM G-50, ASTM G-1, PT. KTS
Analisa Laju Korosi Pada Plat Baja ASME SA-283 Pada Daerah Splash Zone
Authors: Putra Reza , Muhammad Muhammad , Rahman Abdul , Adithia M. Rifai
Published: October 2022

Research on the corrosion rate of ASME SA-283 alloy steel has been carried out in the coastal environment. Corrosion is a decrease in the quality of the material that occurs due to the environment, where the coast is a splash zone area which is rich in salt content as a trigger for corrosion. Alloy steel is a material that is used widely as part of the construction of dock buildings on the coast The study was carried out by giving coating defects to ASME SA-283 material and varying the salinity in the splash zone area, where the coating thickness ranged from 350 μm - 410 μm and salt splash testing was carried out for 15 days. The results of the salt splash test show the types of corrosion that occur, namely pitting corrosion and unifrom corrosion. The largest corrosion rate occurred in the area that experienced a coating defect of 1,705 mm / year. The effect of coating on the corrosion rate is very large and the effect of coating defects on corrosion growth is quite high because the coating that functions as a protective specimen has been lost. The aim of this study are expected to become a reference for coating protection data in preventing corrosion growth in coastal environments. Keywords— Coating Defects, Corrosion Rate, Splash zone, Salinity.
Perancangan Touchless Hand Washer Sistem Pijakan Kaki untuk Pencegahan Penyebaran COVID-19
Authors: Ali Sulaiman , Ali Syurkarni , Susanto Herdi , Hartati Rita , Raditya Zahir
Published: October 2022

The spread of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak in all parts of the world is increasing, including in Indonesia, a virus that is easily transmitted and spreads through close contact and droplets by touching hands with other people or with objects that have been exposed to COVID-19, one of the reasons for this, reventing the spread of COVID 19 by washing hands frequently with soap. Hand washing tools have been developed, generally still using direct touch to the water tap and soap dish, the Touchless Hand Washer (THW) touchless hand washing tool is specially designed and manufactured in accordance with the COVID-19 pandemic conditions without touching with hands directly on the water tap and a soap holder with a footrest system, making it more practical, hygienic and not directly contaminated with previous Touchless Hand Washer users which could cause COVID-19 transmission from previous users. Touchless Hand Washer (THW) is designed with a pyramid-shaped frame that will support the water toren that does not harm or the water toren falls for Touchless Hand Washe users, with a THW tool height of 120 cm, top width 70 x 70 cm and bottom width of 90 x 90 cm. Keywords—Hand-washing tool, COVID-19, washing hands, touchless hand washer
Uji Getaran Rangka Tabung Sentrifugal Mesin Produksi Santan Kapasitas 10 Liter Per Jam
Authors: Susanto Herdi , Ali Syurkarni , Ali Sulaiman , Khalil M
Published: October 2022

Abstract Coconut plantations reach more than 106 hectares of the 831 thousand hectares of plantation areas in Aceh. Meanwhile, the total production reached 63 thousand tons with a productivity level of 818 kilograms per hectare. Most of it is still traditionally produced to produce coconut milk from these coconuts. The design of the coconut milk production machine has been carried out and before it is used a vibration test must be carried out to determine the operational feasibility of the machine. This study aims to measure the vibration level of the centrifugal tube frame for the coconut milk production machine with a centrifugal system capacity of 10 L / hour. The test was carried out at three levels of motor rotation, namely 1000 rpm, 1500 rpm and 2000 rpm with repeated measurements carried out five times at each motor rotation speed, the measurement results were compared with ISO 2631-1 standards and Kepmenaker number KEP-51 / MEN / I999. The results showed that testing the vibration of a coconut milk production machine with a centrifugal system with a capacity of 10 L / hour stated that it was safe if it was operated for less than 4 hours for a motor rotating speed of 1000 rpm, for a motor rotating speed of 1500 rpm it was safe to use if it was operated for less than 3 hours, while for rotation 2000 rpm motor is good and comfortable to use for less than 2 hours. Keywords— centrifugal tube, coconut squeezer, SO 2631-1, KEP–51/MEN/I999
RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PENGHALUS KULIT PISANG MENJADI BUBUK MINUMAN KOPI DENGAN DAYA 0,5 HP
Authors: Saparin Saparin , Setiawan Yudi , Wijianti Eka Sari , Randi Randi
Published: October 2022

AbstrakPenelitian ini tentang rancang bangun mesin penghalus kulit pisang untuk dijadikan bubuk minuman kopi. Biasanya minuman kopi disajikan dari bahan biji kopi, namun kali ini bahan dasar kopi adalah dari kulit pisang kepok matang. Kulit pisang ini umumnya dihaluskan dengan menggunakan blender, tetapi memiliki kelemahan yaitu kapasitas produksinya yang rendah, sehingga memerlukan waktu yang lama dalam memproduksi dalam jumlah yang besar. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka dibuatlah mesin penghalus kulit pisang dengan tingkat kehalusan seperti bubuk kopi pada umumnya. Mesin ini dirancang dengan sistem kerjanya mirip Hammer Mill yaitu menggunakan prinsip benturan/pukulan (impact) dan juga gesekan. Sudu penghalus akan dipasang menyatu pada sebuah poros putar 1 inchi yang berada di dalam tabung dan di sekeliling tabung dipasang ayakan (meshing). Produk hasil penghalusan akan keluar melalui lubang ayakan 18 mesh menuju lubang pengeluaran dibawah tabung. Dimensi mesin secara keseluruhan yaitu dengan panjang 61 cm, lebar 40 cm, dan tinggi 88 cm, dengan penggerak motor listrik 370 watt putaran 1400 rpm. Putaran poros yang menghubungkan sudu penghalus yaitu dengan 1050 rpm. Jumlah sudu penghalus tetap yaitu 4 buah. Jarak celah antara sudu penghalus dengan dinding tabung berkisar 9 sampai dengan 12 mm. Torsi yang dihasilkan motor listrik 2.525,23 Nmm. Data hasil pengujian menghasilkan kapasitas produksi mesin 4,896 kg/jam. Efisiensi produksi mesin 73,33%.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Oli Bekas Sebagai Bahan Bakar Terhadap SFC dan Efisiensi Termal Mesin Diesel
Authors: Arif Ahmad , Hidayat Nuzul , Purwanto Wawan , Setiawan M. Yasep , Masykur Masykur
Published: October 2022

Minyak pelumas (oli) berfungsi sebagai pelapis, pembersih, pendingin dan pencegah gesekan langsung antar komponen di dalam mesin. Setelah dipakai, kualitas oli menjadi berkurang sehingga disebut oli bekas. Oli bekas merupakan campuran hidrokarbon kental ditambah berbagai bahan kimia aditif. Sumber oli bekas yang melimpah perlu ditangani dengan cepat, tepat dan praktis. Oli bekas masih mengandung energi yang cukup tinggi, dan masih berpotensi menjadi bahan bakar. Sampai saat ini, penanganan terhadap oli bekas yang telah dilakukan diantaranya adalah proses daur ulang dan dijadikan campuran bahan bakar hidrokarbon. Oleh sebab itu, maka perlu dicari cara untuk memanfaatkan oli bekas sebagai bahan bakar dengan proses yang mudah dan murah dan dapat menjadi bahan bakar alternatif mesin diesel sehingga lebih ekonomis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui SFC dan efisiensi termal mesin diesel dengan menggunakan oli bekas sebagai bahan bakar. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan mengatur campuran bahan bakar solar dan oli bekas. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui SFC dan thermal efficiency yang optimal adalah dengan mencampur bahan bakar solar dengan oli bekas 20%-100% dengan interval 20%. Pengujian dilakukan pada mesin diesel Yanmar TF150MR yang dikopel electrical generator dengan putaran mesin konstan 1500 rpm dan pembebanan 500-5000 watt dengan interval 500 watt. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa campuran bahan bakar solar dan oli bekas yang paling optimal adalah 40%:60%. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan SFC rata-rata terendah 0,537 kg/hp.jam dan efisiensi termal rata-rata tertinggi 16,82%. Penggunaan bahan bakar campuran solar dan oli bekas 40%:60% juga dapat menghemat/menggantikan bahan bakar solar 60%.