bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of surface structure and dextran incorporation into sucrose crystals using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Khaddour Issam , Rocha Fernando , Bento Luis
Published: December 2019

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) represents a useful tool in providing information on the mechanism of growth of sucrose and the molecular roughness of the crystal surface with changes in the supersaturation level. Moreover, a better understanding of the effect of dextran as a macromolecular nonsugar on sucrose crystal growth is obtained. Step height, and the radius of the 2D critical nucleus were determined using the AFM technique.
Reducing breakdowns in pulp pressing stations by improved operation and maintenance
Authors: Prati Ermanno
Published: December 2019

Increasing demand for pressed pulp of high dry substance content can cause very high workloads, especially on old presses which were designed for lower dry substance contents. The type of operation of the press and of the station as a whole can further stress these machines. With the aim of improving performance, as well, Babbini has recently remarkably increased the reliability of the critical components of its presses such as gearbox and spindles. However, in order to completely avoid failures and machine stoppages it is necessary for the user to take pre-emptive actions at several levels. It is possible to avoid breakdowns by ensuring that a complete maintenance schedule for press and gearbox is thoroughly followed, by periodically analyzing and checking certain press operating parameters, and use of additional monitoring and control instruments.
Hefeteig – Gasbildung durch zuckerhaltiges Sickerwasser
Authors: Buß Johann , Böker Mathias
Published: December 2019

Im Jahr 2000 traten an der Bodenplatte im Zuckerhaus einer Zuckerfabrik erhebliche Schäden auf. Nivellements ergaben, dass die Bodenplatte zwischen den Stützen angehoben wurde. Parallel zu den Hebungen wurden Schäden an den Entwässerungsrinnen festgestellt. Aufgrund dieser Schäden kam es zur Versickerung von zuckerhaltigem Wasser unter die Bodenplatte. Das in den Boden versickernde „Zuckerwasser“ unterlag einer alkoholischen Gärung mit Gasbildung. Als Folge wurde die Bodenplatte angehoben. Anfang 2011 erfolgte eine Komplettsanierung der geschädigten Bereiche.
Statistical evaluations of sugarcane quality, deterioration and the impacts of weekend logistics in a commercial sugarcane supply chain
Authors: Sibomana Milindi S. , Bezuidenhout Carel N.
Published: December 2019

Crop quality can be used for monitoring the supply chain in agro-industries, although, sugarcane quality also varies naturally and is affected by climate, nutrition, pests and diseases, cane variety and water availability. Harvest-to-crush logistics affect sugarcane quality and present a significant impact on milling efficiency.

This research studied commercial sugarcane quality parameters over six years at a large commercial sugar mill in South Africa. f (sucrose content expressed as a percentage of fiber content) was derived as a new parameter that consistently flagged poor quality deliveries during the early part of the week. This is a strong indicator of increased cane deterioration over weekends as a result of logistics inefficiencies. Shewhart quality control charts (X– charts) and a non-parametric statistic confirmed significantly inferior cane qualities after weekends. Statistical techniques were also able, with 95% significance, to identify growers with systemic deterioration of delivered cane. A large number of growers who were exposed to weekend logistics problems were also experiencing significant systemic deterioration problems. These results may enable the generation of a grower performance index that will allow stakeholders to improve operations. The study shows that, although notorious for its variability, commercial cane quality data can be used to drive efficiency improvements in the supply chain, if used appropriately.
A treatise on ICUMSA solution colour – Part 2: Studies and conclusions
Authors: Puke Hanjo , Lakenbrink Christiane
Published: December 2019

The article summarizes the discussions in ICUMSA during the past 15 years on methods for determining the colour of sugar in solution. The 28th Session of ICUMSA, held in Cambrigde (UK) in 2012, successfully closed the long-lasting work on standardization of methods for this most important quality parameter for sugar. The Official Reference Method GS9/1/2/3-8 fixes the solution pH to 7.0. Studies of colour determination at pH = 6.4 did not improve the precision of the measurement.
Antioxidant capacity of fractions of alcoholic extracts of sugarcane leaves
Authors: de Souza-Sartori Juliana Aparecida , Prado Adna , Veiga Lucimara Fernanda , Torres Nathalia , de Alencar Severino Matias , de Aguiar Claudio Lima
Published: December 2019

Extraction of antioxidant compounds present in the top leaves of sugarcane at different stages of plant development showed that the most favorable phase for the extraction is the final stage of maturation of the plant. Flavonoid contents (5.98±0.32mg/mL) and relative antioxidant activity (AArel=257.49±16.94%) similar to the initial stage of maturation were found. Active compounds were chromatographically fractionated over silica gel and elution with solvents of increasing polarity. The antioxidant activity towards -carotene, and the sequestering activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals was determined. The fractions which had the highest total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were obtained from the elution of the solvent mixture: chloroform and ethanol. The results indicate that the top leaves of sugarcane are a possible source of bioactive compounds.
Recent developments in white sugar solution colorimetry
Authors: Singh Kaman , Mohan Sudhanshu , Singh Vimalesh Kumar , Bharose Ram , Singh Pavan
Published: December 2019

Colour is especially important in the sugar trade, for control of operation and for maintenance of quality of the product. Several procedures have been developed for sugar solution colour measurement, but as yet no one method has received general acceptance in the industry. Thus, the associated problems have received adequate attention. Some recent developments in sugar solution colorimetry are reported in this paper.
Hubungan Konformitas Teman Sebaya Dengan Sikap Siswa Terhadap Perilaku Prososial
Authors: Nurhafiza Nurhafiza
Published: December 2019

Menipisnya perilaku prososial siswa adalah salah satu masalah yang terkait dengan bagaimana siswa memahami tentang perilaku prososial, apa yang mereka rasakan ketika mereka melihat kesulitan orang lain dan kecenderungan apa yang akan muncul ketika akan bersikap prososial. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan hubungan antara konformitas teman sebaya dengan sikap siswa terhadap perilaku prososial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan tipe deskriptif korelasional. Populasi adalah 322 siswa dan sampel adalah 62 siswa yang dipilih dengan teknik propotionate stratified random sampling. Instrumennya adalah konformitas teman sebaya dan sikap siswa terhadap skala perilaku prososial. Data dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif, regresi sederhana dan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwakonformitas teman sebaya siswa berada pada kategori tinggi, dan sikap siswa terhadap perilaku prososial berada pada kategori baik, ada hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara konformitas teman sebaya dengan sikap siswa terhadap perilaku prososial. Implikasi dari penelitian ini dapat dibuat sebagai penilaian kebutuhan siswa untuk menciptakan materi layanan bimbingan dan konseling
The Importance of Culinary Experiences in Destination Loyalty
Authors: Curtis Kynda R. , Bradshaw Miranda , Slocum Susan L.
Published: December 2019

This study evaluates the impact of destination image, visitor characteristics and attitudes, and trip experiences on the likelihood of return visits through an in-person survey of Utah visitors. Results show that those in Utah for business or to visit national parks and cultural sites
are more likely to return. Previous visits to Utah, beliefs that Utah is a destination for outdoor activities and Native American culture, and positive culinary experiences are strong indicators of return visits. Older travelers and those traveling with children are less likely to return.
Repeat tourists interested in culinary and cultural activities represent intertemporal, reliable return visitors. Developing and expanding culinary and cultural activities to supplement current offerings, providing quality and meaningful tourist experiences that create emotional connections,
and offering visitors variety and a reason to return are essential.
pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging
Authors: Kalay Saban , Stetsyshyn Yurij , Donchak Volodymyr , Harhay Khrystyna , Lishchynskyi Ostap , Ohar Halyna , Panchenko Yuriy , Voronov Stanislav , Çulha Mustafa
Published: December 2019

pH-Switchable, fluorescent, hybrid, water-dispersible nanomaterials based on boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) and grafted copolymer brushes (poly(acrylic acid-co-fluorescein acrylate) – P(AA-co-FA)) were successfully fabricated in a two-step process. The functionalization of BNNTs was confirmed by spectroscopic, gravimetric and imaging techniques. In contrast to “pure” BNNTs, P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs demonstrate intense green fluorescence emission at 520 nm. Under neutral or alkaline pH values, P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs are highly emissive in contrast to acidic pH conditions where the fluorescent intensity is absent or low. No increase in the absorption was observed when the suspension pH was increased from 7 to 10. The functionalized BNNTs are easily taken up by human normal prostate epithelium (PNT1A) and human prostate cancer cell lines (DU145) and are suitable for further evaluation in cellular imaging applications.
Self-assembly of a terbium(III) 1D coordination polymer on mica
Authors: Evrard Quentin , Cucinotta Giuseppe , Houard Felix , Calvez Guillaume , Suffren Yan , Daiguebonne Carole , Guillou Olivier , Caneschi Andrea , Mannini Matteo , Bernot Kevin
Published: December 2019

The terbium(III) ion is a particularly suitable candidate for the creation of surface-based magnetic and luminescent devices. In the present work, we report the epitaxial growth of needle-like objects composed of [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O]n (where hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate) polymeric units on muscovite mica, which is observed by atomic force microscopy. The needle-like shape mimics the structure observed in the crystalline bulk material. The growth of this molecular organization is assisted by water adsorption on the freshly air-cleaved muscovite mica. This deposition technique allows for the observation of a significant amount of nanochains grown along three preferential directions 60° apart from another. The magnetic properties and the luminescence of the nanochains can be detected without the need of surface-dedicated instrumentation. The intermediate value of the observed luminescence lifetime of the deposits (132 µs) compared to that of the bulk (375 µs) and the CHCl3 solution (13 µs) further reinforces the idea of water-induced growth.
OPTIMIZATION OF CONTAINER RELOCATION OPERATIONS IN PORT CONTAINER TERMINALS
Authors: Maglić Livia , Gulić Marko , Maglić Lovro
Published: December 2019

The relocation of containers is a crucial operation in container ports all around the world. The Container Relocation Problem (CRP) is focused upon to find a sequence of container retrievals in a defined order from a single yard container bay with a minimum number of relocations. The goal of this paper is to find out if Genetic Algorithm (GA) can give new insights in the problem of solving the CRP. In this paper we focus on the two-dimensional, static, offline and restricted CRP of real-world yard container bays. Four rules are proposed for determining the position of relocated containers. We applied GA to find the best sequence of container retrievals according to these four rules in order to minimize the number of relocations within the bay. The experimental testing was run on a total of 800 different instances with varying bay sizes and number of containers. The given results are compared with the results of different authors using other heuristic methods. The results show that the proposed model solves CRP and achieves near optimal solutions.
Identifying Exo-Earth Candidates in Direct Imaging Data through Bayesian Classification
Authors: Bixel Alex , Apai Dániel
Published: December 2019

Future space telescopes may be able to directly image between approximately 10 and 100 planets with sizes and orbits consistent with habitable surface conditions (“exo-Earth candidates” or EECs), but observers will face difficulty in distinguishing these from the potentially hundreds of nonhabitable “false positives” which will also be detected. To maximize the efficiency of follow-up observations, a prioritization scheme must be developed to determine which planets are most likely to be EECs. In this paper, we present a Bayesian method for estimating the likelihood that any directly imaged extrasolar planet is a true EEC by interpreting the planet’s apparent magnitude and separation in the context of existing exoplanet statistics. As a specific application of this general framework, we use published estimates of the discovery yield of future space-based direct-imaging mission concepts to conduct “mock surveys” in which we compute the likelihood that each detected planet is an EEC. We find that it will be difficult to determine which planets are EECs with >50% confidence using single-band photometry immediately upon their detection. The best way to reduce this ambiguity would be to constrain the orbit of a given planet by revisiting the system multiple times or through a radial velocity precursor survey. Astrometric or radial velocity constraints on the mass of the planet would offer a lesser benefit. Finally, we show that a Bayesian approach to prioritizing targets would improve the follow-up efficiency of a direct imaging survey versus a blind approach using the same data. For example, the prioritized approach could reduce the amount of integration time required for the spectral detection (or rejection) of water absorption in most EECs by a factor of two.
Transmission Spectroscopy of WASP-79b from 0.6 to 5.0 μm
Authors: Sotzen Kristin S. , Stevenson Kevin B. , Sing David K. , Kilpatrick Brian M. , Wakeford Hannah R. , Filippazzo Joseph C. , Lewis Nikole K. , Hörst Sarah M. , López-Morales Mercedes , Henry Gregory W. , Buchhave Lars A. , Ehrenreich David , Fraine Jonathan D. , García Muñoz Antonio , Jayaraman Rahul , Lavvas Panayotis , des Etangs Alain Lecavelier , Marley Mark S. , Nikolov Nikolay , Rathcke Alexander D. , Sanz-Forcada Jorge
Published: December 2019

As part of the Panchromatic Exoplanet Treasury program, we have conducted a spectroscopic study of WASP-79b, an inflated hot Jupiter orbiting an F-type star in Eridanus with a period of 3.66 days. Building on the original WASP and TRAPPIST photometry of Smalley et al., we examine Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) (1.125–1.650 μm), Magellan/Low Dispersion Survey Spectrograph (LDSS)-3C (0.6–1 μm) data, and Spitzer data (3.6 and 4.5 μm). Using data from all three instruments, we constrain the water abundance to be −2.20 ≤ log(H2O) ≤ −1.55. We present these results along with the results of an atmospheric retrieval analysis, which favor inclusion of FeH and H− in the atmospheric model. We also provide an updated ephemeris based on the Smalley, HST/WFC3, LDSS-3C, Spitzer, and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) transit times. With the detectable water feature and its occupation of the clear/cloudy transition region of the temperature/gravity phase space, WASP-79b is a target of interest for the approved James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Director’s Discretionary Early Release Science (ERS) program, with ERS observations planned to be the first to execute in Cycle 1. Transiting exoplanets have been approved for 78.1 hr of data collection, and with the delay in the JWST launch, WASP-79b is now a target for the Panchromatic Transmission program. This program will observe WASP-79b for 42 hr in four different instrument modes, providing substantially more data by which to investigate this hot Jupiter.
New Constraints on the Nuclear Equation of State from the Thermal Emission of Neutron Stars in Quiescent Low-mass X-Ray Binaries
Authors: Baillot d’Etivaux Nicolas , Guillot Sebastien , Margueron Jérôme , Webb Natalie , Catelan Márcio , Reisenegger Andreas
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a new analysis of the thermal emission from the neutron star (NS) surface to constrain the dense matter equation of state. We employ an empirical parameterization of the equation of state with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach to consistently fit the spectra of quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries in globular clusters with well-measured distances. Despite previous analyses predicting low NS radii, we show that it is possible to reconcile the astrophysical data with nuclear physics knowledge with or without including a prior on the slope of the symmetry energy L
sym. With this empirical parameterization of the equation of state, we obtain radii of the order of about 12 km without worsening the fit statistic. More importantly, we obtain the following values for the slope of the symmetry energy, its curvature K
sym, and the isoscalar skewness parameter Q
sat:

MeV,

MeV, and

MeV. These are the first measurements of the empirical parameters K
sym and Q
sat. Their values are only weakly impacted by our assumptions, such as the distances or the number of free empirical parameters, provided the latter are taken within a reasonable range. We also study the weak sensitivity of our results to the set of sources analyzed, and we identify a group of sources that dominates the constraints. The resulting masses and radii obtained from this empirical parameterization are also compared to other measurements from electromagnetic observations of NSs and gravitational wave signals from the NS–NS merger GW170817.
The High-redshift Clusters Occupied by Bent Radio AGN (COBRA) Survey: Follow-up Optical Imaging
Authors: Golden-Marx Emmet , Blanton E. L. , Paterno-Mahler R. , Brodwin M. , Ashby M. L. N. , Lemaux B. C. , Lubin L. M. , Gal R. R. , Tomczak A. R.
Published: December 2019

Here we present new red sequence overdensity measurements for 77 fields in the high-z Clusters Occupied by Bent Radio AGN (COBRA) survey, based on r- and i-band imaging taken with the Lowell Observatory’s Discovery Channel Telescope. We observe 38 COBRA fields in the r-band and 90 COBRA fields in the i-band. By combining the r- and i-band photometry with our 3.6 and 4.5 μm Spitzer IRAC observations, we identify 39 red sequence cluster candidates that host a strong overdensity of galaxies when measuring the excess of red sequence galaxies relative to a background field. We initially treat the radio host as the cluster center and then determine a new cluster center based on the surface density of red sequence sources. Using our color selection, we identify which COBRA cluster candidates have strong red sequence populations. By removing foreground and background contaminants, we more securely determine which fields include cluster candidates with a higher significance than our single-band observations. Additionally, of the 77 fields we analyze with a redshift estimate, 26 include newly estimated photometric redshifts.
Mind the Gap: The Location of the Lower Edge of the Pair-instability Supernova Black Hole Mass Gap
Authors: Farmer R. , Renzo M. , de Mink S. E. , Marchant P. , Justham S.
Published: December 2019

Detections of gravitational waves are now starting to probe the mass distribution of stellar mass black holes (BHs). Robust predictions from stellar models are needed to interpret these. Theory predicts the existence of a gap in the BH mass distribution because of pair-instability supernovae. The maximum BH mass below the gap is the result of pulsational mass loss. We evolve massive helium stars through their late hydrodynamical phases of evolution using the open-source MESA stellar evolution code. We find that the location of the lower edge of the mass gap at 45

is remarkably robust against variations in the metallicity (≈3

), the treatment of internal mixing (≈1

), and stellar wind mass loss (≈4

), making it the most robust predictor for the final stages of the evolution of massive stars. The reason is that the onset of the instability is dictated by the near-final core mass, which in turn sets the resulting BH mass. However, varying the

reaction rate within its 1σ uncertainties shifts the location of the gap between 40

and 56

. We provide updated analytic fits for population synthesis simulations. Our results imply that the detection of merging BHs can provide constraints on nuclear astrophysics. Furthermore, the robustness against metallicity suggests that there is a universal maximum for the location of the lower edge of the gap, which is insensitive to the formation environment and redshift for first-generation BHs. This is promising for the possibility to use the location of the gap as a “standard siren” across the universe.
Water Vapor and Clouds on the Habitable-zone Sub-Neptune Exoplanet K2-18b
Authors: Benneke Björn , Wong Ian , Piaulet Caroline , Knutson Heather A. , Lothringer Joshua , Morley Caroline V. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Gao Peter , Greene Thomas P. , Dressing Courtney , Dragomir Diana , Howard Andrew W. , McCullough Peter R. , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Fraine Jonathan
Published: December 2019

Results from the Kepler mission indicate that the occurrence rate of small planets (<3 R
⊕) in the habitable zone of nearby low-mass stars may be as high as 80%. Despite this abundance, probing the conditions and atmospheric properties on any habitable-zone planet is extremely difficult and has remained elusive to date. Here, we report the detection of water vapor and the likely presence of liquid and icy water clouds in the atmosphere of the 2.6 R
⊕ habitable-zone planet K2-18b. The simultaneous detection of water vapor and clouds in the mid-atmosphere of K2-18b is particularly intriguing because K2-18b receives virtually the same amount of total insolation from its host star (

1368

−
107

+
114

W m−2) as the Earth receives from the Sun (1361 W m−2), resulting in the right conditions for water vapor to condense and explain the detected clouds. In this study we observed nine transits of K2-18b using Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3 in order to achieve the necessary sensitivity to detect the water vapor, and we supplement this data set with Spitzer and K2 observations to obtain a broader wavelength coverage. While the thick hydrogen-dominated envelope we detect on K2-18b means that the planet is not a true Earth analog, our observations demonstrate that low-mass habitable-zone planets with the right conditions for liquid water are accessible with state-of-the-art telescopes.
Different distributions of gold nanoparticles on the tumor and calculation of dose enhancement factor by Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Keshavarz Sajad , Sardari Dariush
Published: December 2019

Gold nanoparticles can be used to increase the dose of the tumor due to its high atomic number as well as being free from apparent toxicity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of distribution of gold nanoparticles models, as well as changes in nanoparticle sizes and spectrum of radiation energy along with the effects of nanoparticle penetration into surrounding tissues in dose enhancement factor DEF. Three mathematical models were considered for distribution of gold nanoparticles in the tumor, such as 1-uniform, 2- non-uniform distribution with no penetration margin and 3- non-uniform distribution with penetration margin of 2.7 mm of gold nanoparticles. For this purpose, a cube-shaped water phantom of 50 cm size in each side and a cube with 1 cm side placed at depth of 2 cm below the upper surface of the cubic phantom as the tumor was defined, and then 3 models of nanoparticle distribution were modeled. MCNPX code was used to simulate 3 distribution models. DEF was evaluated for sizes of 20, 25, 30, 50, 70, 90 and 100 nm of gold nanoparticles, and 50, 95, 250 keV and 4 MeV photon energies. In uniform distribution model the maximum DEF was observed at 100 nm and 50 keV being equal to 2.90, in non-uniform distribution with no penetration margin, the maximum DEF was measured at 100 nm and 50 keV being 1.69, and in non-uniform distribution with penetration margin of 2.7 mm, the maximum DEF was measured at 100 nm and 50 keV as 1.38, and the results have been showed that the dose was increased by injecting nanoparticles into the tumor. It is concluded that the highest DEF could be achieved in low energy photons and larger sizes of nanoparticles. Non-uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles can increase the dose and also decrease the DEF in comparison with the uniform distribution. The non-uniform distribution of nanoparticles with penetration margin showed a lower DEF than the non-uniform distribution without any margin and uniform distribution. Meanwhile, utilization of the real X-ray spectrum brought about a smaller DEF in comparison to mono-energetic X-ray photons.
Minor actinides transmutation in equilibrium cores of next generation FRs
Authors: Egorov Alexander V. , Khomyakov Yurii S. , Rachkov Valerii I. , Rodina Elena A. , Suslov Igor R.
Published: December 2019

The Russian Federation is developing a number of technologies within the «Proryv» project for closing the nuclear fuel cycle utilizing mixed (U-Pu-MA) nitride fuel. Key objectives of the project include improving fast reactor nuclear safety by minimizing reactivity changes during fuel operating period and improving radiological and environmental fuel cycle safety through Pu multi-recycling and МА transmutation.

This advanced technology is expected to allow operating the reactor in an equilibrium cycle with a breeding ratio equaling approximately 1 with stable reactivity and fuel isotopic composition. Nevertheless, to reach this state the reactor must still operate in an initial transient state for a lengthy period (over 10 years) of time, which requires implementing special measures concerning reactivity control.

The results obtained from calculations show the possibility of achieving a synergetic effect from combining two objectives. Using МА reprocessed from thermal reactor spent fuel in initial fuel loads in FR ensures a minimal reactivity margin during the entire fast reactor fuel operating period, comparable to the levels achieved in equilibrium state with any kind of relevant Pu isotopic composition. This should be combined with using reactivity compensators in the first fuel micro-campaigns.

In the paper presented are the results of simulation of the overall life cycle of a 1200 MWe fast reactor, reaching equilibrium fuel composition, and respective changes in spent fuel nuclide and isotopic composition. It is shown that МА from thermal and fast reactors spent fuel can be completely utilized in the new generation FRs without using special actinide burners.
Review of the Arabian Crematogaster Lund (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), synoptic list, distribution, and description of two new species from Oman and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sharaf Mostafa R. , Aldawood Abdulrahman S. , Hita Garcia Francisco
Published: December 2019

The genusCrematogasteris one of the most species-rich and widespread groups of ants. Despite their often-high local abundance and important ecological interactions, the taxonomy of the genus is fragmentary and in great need of modern revisionary studies. As a first step towards a revision for the Arabian fauna ofCrematogaster, a review of all known species with synoptic species accounts is provided. Seventeen species are recognized and illustrated from the Arabian Peninsula, of which two new species are described:C. jacindaeSharaf & Hita Garcia,sp. nov.from the Dhofar Governorate, Oman, andC. gryllsiSharaf & Hita Garcia,sp. nov.from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) based on the worker caste.Crematogaster jacindaesp. nov.is easily separated from the remainder of the ArabianCrematogasterfauna due to its complete lack of propodeal spines, slit-shaped propodeal spiracles, and its distinct bicoloration, whereasC. gryllsisp. nov.is readily distinguished by its unlobed postpetiolar dorsum. Furthermore, new country records are presented:C. acaciaeForel for the KSA and Yemen, andC. delagoensisForel andC. jehovaeForel for the KSAC. antarisfor Qatar, whereasC. luctansForel is excluded from the Arabian fauna. In addition, on the basis of morphological examination of original type material,C. affabilisForel is proposed as junior synonym ofC. chiariniiMayr, andC. striaticepsis elevated to species rankstat. nov.Furthermore, a new identification key for the Arabian species is provided, as well as distribution maps for all species.
Revision of fossil Metretopodidae (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) in Baltic amber – Part 4: Description of two new species of Siphloplecton Clemens, 1915, with notes on the new S. jaegeri species group and with key to fossil male adults of Siphloplecton
Authors: Godunko Roman J. , Neumann Christian , Staniczek Arnold H.
Published: December 2019

The Siphloplecton jaegeri species group is established here for three extinct species, namely for the earlier described Siphloplecton jaegeri Demoulin, 1968, and for two new species from Eocene Baltic amber, Siphloplecton landoltisp. nov. and Siphloplecton studemannaesp. nov. Based on the well-preserved specimens of these species, a diagnosis is provided for the newly established species group. Representatives of the S. jaegeri species group are characterized by the presence of large, medially contiguous eyes, stout pointed setae along the outer margin of the foretibia, three intercalaries in the cubital field of the forewing, and elongated penis lobes, which are apically triangular or rounded, medially contiguous, and with a V-shaped cleft apically. Further new specimens of the S. jaegeri species group are documented that cannot be attributed to species level due to their poor preservation. Finally, a key to male adults of fossil species of Siphloplecton is given.
Le droit dans le système international : plus qu’un instrument ?
Authors: Moreau Defarges Philippe
Published: December 2019

Un double mouvement de juridicisation et de judiciarisation des relations internationales est à l’œuvre, même si les dispositifs juridiques internationaux paraissent fragiles. Porté par la multiplication des flux transnationaux, la vivacité des revendications égalitaires et l’émergence d’impératifs planétaires, ce mouvement pourrait conduire à une mutation du système international. À l’avenir, ce système pourrait être caractérisé par son hétérogénéité et son instabilité.
Soudan : après la chute d’Omar el-Béchir, les défis de la transition
Authors: Mahé Anne-Laure
Published: December 2019

Le 11 avril 2019, le président du Soudan, Omar el-Béchir, a été poussé à la démission sous la pression de son appareil sécuritaire et des manifestants mobilisés depuis plusieurs mois. Cet événement a mis fin à trente ans d’un régime militaire et islamiste. Il marque le début d’une double transition – post-autoritaire et post-conflit – particulièrement complexe. Le maintien des militaires au pouvoir et l’inclusion des groupes rebelles constituent des défis majeurs.
Juvenile Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Associated With Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: Lyons Lance J. , Yarrabolu Tharak , Kuffel Ronald R. , Bishop John E.
Published: December 2019

A 16-year-old boy presented with acute unilateral painless vision loss associated with a central retinal artery occlusion. Subsequent studies revealed an atrial septal defect of 17 mm, which was closed via a cardioform septal occluder.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56:e73–e75.]
WhatsApp Peer Coaching Lessons for eHealth
Authors: Simons Luuk , van den Heuvel Wouter A. C. , Jonker Catholijn M.
Published: December 2019

WhatsApp was evaluated as a peer coach group support tool in a healthy lifestyle intervention with 15 young professionals. These individuals were time-constrained professionals, so two design challenges were to create enough attractiveness and quality in the peer group interactions. There were three main health domains: food, physical activity, and mental energy. As a result of the 12 week pilot, there were 127 WhatsApp peer coaching inputs. The variety of inputs was better than in a previous pilot; peer coaching quality improved; plus there was more continuity following the initial two weeks. Community building remained a challenge, especially in the longer run. Two design solutions seemed to work: pre-designed coach-inputs across health domains, plus the instructions for a health advocate from the group, per health domain. Based on the results, the authors hypothesize that user needs in the first five weeks were well supported but that user support needs seemed to change after the initial five weeks, which impacted the perceived added value from the WhatsApp group.
Optimization of Provider Ecosystem Through Actor-Resource Integration
Authors: Tanniru Mohan
Published: December 2019

Information technology has enabled healthcare providers such as hospitals to extend their internal operations into external facilities such as urgent and ambulatory care centers and optimizeresources in support of patient care. With the development of the internet, social media, wearables, and telehealth technologies, the potential for patient engagement in preventive and post-discharge care transition has increased. Unlike other organizations where the provider has limited insight into the customer ecosystem, hospitals, for example, have an opportunity to gain insight into the patient ecosystem and influence patient behavior while the patients are within the provider ecosystem. This chapter looks at hospital engagement with patients in two settings—the emergency room (ER) and the patient room (PR)—to illustrate both the opportunities and the strategies that can help hospitals use patient touchpoints to improve continuity of care inside and outside hospital walls.
A Sentiment Analysis of the 2014-15 Ebola Outbreak in the Media and Social Media
Authors: John Blooma , Baulch Bob , Wickramasinghe Nilmini
Published: December 2019

The negative and unbalanced nature of media and social media coverage has amplified anxieties and fears about the Ebola outbreak. The authors analyse news articles on the Ebola outbreak from two leading news outlets, together with comments on the articles from a well-known social media platform, from March 2014 to July 2015. The volume of news articles was greatest between August 2014 and January 2015, with a spike in October 2014, and was driven by the few cases of transmission in Europe and the USA. Sentiment analysis reveals coverage and commentary on the small number of Ebola cases in Europe and the USA were much more extensive than coverage and commentary on the outbreak in West Africa. Articles expressing negative sentiments were more common in the USA and also received more comments than those expressing positive sentiments. The negative sentiments expressed in the media and social media amplified fears about an Ebola outbreak outside West Africa, which increased pressure for unwarranted and wasteful precautionary measures.
Blockchain in Healthcare
Authors: Wickramasinghe Nilmini
Published: December 2019

Blockchain is a decentralized, digital ledger that keeps a permanent, unalterable record of transactions between users. One of the greatest advantages of Blockchain is that it is much more secure than other data storage platforms, and thus particularly relevant for healthcare. The chapter serves to outline areas and opportunities for deploying this technology into key healthcare contexts to support effective and efficient operations as well as heightened transparency and trust around activities between and within stakeholders.
Digital Systems Innovation for Health Data Analytics
Authors: Sandhu Kamaljeet
Published: December 2019

Digital innovation for health data analytics has faced obstacles in systems implementation and consumer acceptance. Research suggests that digital health innovation has been a challenge and a slow process for acceptance. At the same time it offers tremendous opportunities in health data analytics for consumers of health services and service providers, such as health information portability, personalization of health information by consumers, easy access and usefulness of health information, better management of data records by institutions and government, and management of information by healthcare staff for patients' engagement and care. Health data analytics is the key for driving digital systems for health innovation. This research seeks to identify the digital health innovation opportunities and obstacles, develop a framework and a conceptual model for digital health innovation that empowers consumer of digital health to use the information to make informed decisions and choices.
Facilitating Mobile Initiatives in Healthcare and Wellness Management
Authors: Wickramasinghe Nilmini , Goldberg Steve
Published: December 2019

Arguably, the most prevailing chronic disease today is diabetes. The World Health Organization (WHO) notes that diabetes is a silent epidemic, and by 2020, there will be a 54% rise in the total number of individuals diagnosed with this disease. These are distressing figures. Many are turning to technology solutions to assist. What becomes important is the ability to rapidly design and develop appropriate digital health and wellness solutions.
Technology's Enabling Role to Improve Care Coordination
Authors: Gibbings Rima , Wickramasinghe Nilmini
Published: December 2019

The U.S. healthcare system has been often characterized as fragmented and disconnected. Lack of effective and concurrent adoption of information technology has been known to be a factor that contributes to the decentralization of healthcare systems. Fragmented systems are also responsible for creating silos that operate with minimal coordination. Clinicians in such systems are providing duplicate services because they are not aware of patient care plans set by other practitioners. These duplications could lead to prescription drug errors due to inconsistencies and lack of coordination in the treatment services and in some cases drug-drug interactions. The following suggests a role for technology to facilitate better care coordination.
Historical Background and Population of Camels
Authors: Al-Sayyed Hiba Fathi
Published: December 2019

Camels were designated as the ships of the desert. This chapter includes some introductory remarks on the historical background and population of camels. In this chapter, the origin of camels based on the most recent mitochondrial genome analysis and incisor fossils was reviewed. Based on the results of these studies, camels were found in different parts of the world such as North America, Africa, Russia, China, Magnolia, Iran, and Middle Eastern region. Different genus and species of camels were also reviewed in the chapter. Additionally, the distribution of camel population worldwide as well as the uses of camels were reviewed. This chapter introduces some essential figures on the economic value of camels based on the most recent statistics of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO).
Manufacture and Challenges of Camel Milk Cheese
Authors: Konuspayeva Gaukhar S.
Published: December 2019

The difficulties in camel milk coagulation due to low concentration in κ-casein was the main obstacle for its processing into cheese. Thus, for 80 years, camel scientists concentrated their efforts on improving coagulation by different methods including use of plant or camel calf abomasum extracts. However, in all cases, poor cheese yield and organoleptic properties were obtained. The recent introduction of the CHY-Max – M1000®, on market solved the problem of clotting. Obtained by genetic engineering, this camel rennet allows high cheese yield. However, other challenges must be met: (1) investigation by fundamental studies of the “behavior” of camel milk during the different steps of cheese processing, (2) to set up final products corresponding to food preferences of local consumers, (3) to ensure transfer of camel cheese technology to camel dairy industry. Based on experiences in different camel countries, the chapter is taking stock of the challenges regarding technological development, cultural satisfaction, and commercialization of camel cheese.
CASAMENTO E CUIDADOS COM O CÔNJUGE COM DEMÊNCIA: UM ESTUDO TRANSCULTURAL BRASIL-PORTUGAL
Authors: Garcia Camila Rodrigues , Falcão Deusivania Vieira da Silva , Pimentel Luísa
Published: December 2019

Este estudo teve por objetivo geral analisar o significado de casamento e do cuidado com o cônjuge na perspectiva de esposas cuidadoras brasileiras e portuguesas de idosos com doença de Alzheimer (DA). Participaram da pesquisa 12 mulheres sendo a amostra obtida por conveniência, utilizando-se a técnica snowball. Foram utilizados um questionário e uma entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado sendo os dados analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados destacaram que apesar das diferenças culturais entre Brasil e Portugal, alguns significados referentes ao casamento e ao cuidado com o cônjuge no contexto da DA, foram semelhantes para as esposas brasileiras e portuguesas. A despeito das mudanças conjugais relacionadas à demência, a maioria das esposas sentia-se bem executando seu papel de cuidadora, talvez, porque dentre outras variáveis, essa seja uma tarefa tradicionalmente cultural e esperada para ser desenvolvida por mulheres de ambos os países.
REINSERÇÃO FAMILIAR DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES ACOLHIDOS: ATUAÇÃO DO PSICÓLOGO EM TRÊS ESTADOS BRASILEIROS
Authors: Siqueira Aline Cardoso , Scott Juliano Beck , Schmitt Fabiana Müller
Published: December 2019

A reinserção familiar após um período de acolhimento institucional constitui-se em um desafio tanto para a equipe que acolhe quanto para a família. Após a lei 12.010/2009, que determinou tempo de permanência máximo de dois anos, as equipes técnicas passaram a focar na provisoriedade da medida de proteção e planejar a reinserção familiar. Esse estudo objetivou conhecer os procedimentos e desafios de psicólogas da equipe técnica frente ao planejamento e acompanhamento da reinserção de crianças e adolescentes na família de origem. Participaram três psicólogas de acolhimentos institucionais de três cidades do Brasil: Santa Maria/RS, Brasília/DF e Natal/RN. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a partir de um roteiro. Os dados foram analisados qualitativamente e categorizados com o auxílio da análise de conteúdo. Entre os resultados, destaca-se que as profissionais seguem procedimentos para a preparação da reinserção, como o estabelecimento de visitas, encaminhamento da família para rede de proteção e saúde e avaliação periódica das condições da família. Entre os desafios, encontraram-se fatores de risco enraizados, dificuldades econômicas, entre outros. Aperfeiçoamentos são discutidos para maximizar o sucesso da reinserção familiar.
TRANSMISSÃO INTERGERACIONAL DA VIOLÊNCIA FÍSICA CONTRA A CRIANÇA: UM RELATO DE MÃES
Authors: Villas Boas Ana Carolina , Dessen Maria Auxiliadora
Published: December 2019

A transgeracionalidade da violência representa importante campo de pesquisa para a compreensão e a prevenção da violência física contra a criança, pois constitui importante fator para a manutenção de padrões de abuso na família. Porém, os mecanismos responsáveis por essa transmissão ainda não estão plenamente esclarecidos. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a experiência e a percepção de mães com e sem histórico de violência física contra seus filhos quanto às práticas de seus cuidadores na família de origem e suas práticas na família atual. Participaram da pesquisa 12 mães com filhos entre 7 e 12 anos, subdivididas em três grupos, conforme o histórico de violência física, que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e a uma entrevista semiestruturada. As participantes dos três grupos apontaram mais diferenças do que semelhanças entre sua família de origem e a atual, sobretudo porque não querem para os filhos o mesmo sofrimento que viveram. Os resultados indicam, também, que a presença de uma figura de apoio e a percepção negativa quanto às próprias experiências da infância podem contribuir para a mudança de práticas adotadas com seus filhos. Por outro lado, as mães que percebem a experiência de violência física como menos grave podem ter mais chances de reproduzir essas práticas. As implicações para programas de intervenção direcionados a famílias com histórico de violência física contra os filhos são discutidas e ressalta-se a necessidade de estimular pesquisas que investiguem os fatores e os mecanismos relacionados ao gênero, visando a melhor compreensão deste fenômeno.
INTERVENCIONES BREVES PARA EL ABUSO DE SUSTANCIAS EN AMÉRICA LATINA: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Mota Ronzani Telmo , Fuentes-Mejía Cristina , Belchior Mota Daniela Cristina , Pinto Gomide Henrique , Leon Ferreira Maira , Cruvinel Erica
Published: December 2019

El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en evaluar la literatura sobre Intervenciones Breves (IBs) en América Latina. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda en nueve bases de datos acerca de estudios empíricos publicados en el periodo de 2005 a 2016. Resultados: luego de eliminar los duplicados y aplicar criterios de exclusión, 29 estudios fueron evaluados. El número de sesiones, la duración, la definición de IB, los instrumentos para evaluar el uso de sustancias y las características de los participantes variaron en cada estudio. Conclusiones: Aunque se han adoptado IBs en varios países de Latinoamérica, esta investigación encontró estudios únicamente de cinco países, caracterizados por una gran heterogeneidad en métodos de investigación, instrumentos y tipos de IBs.
Effectiveness of governance towards digitalisation at eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa
Authors: Govender Nirmala , Reddy Purshottama S.
Published: December 2019

Background: South African cities have been facing challenges since democratisation to meet the expectations of the citizens. The challenges have included fraud and corruption, financial constraints, lack of service delivery and technological progress, amongst others, which were underpinned by weak leadership and governance processes. This article explored eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality’s technological progress and identified that inefficiencies in good governance and the lack of a governance framework have limited digitalisation.Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the progress towards digitalisation and review the effectiveness of the governance processes within the eThekwini Municipality in contributing towards the fourth industrial revolution.Setting: The study was based on the processes at the eThekwini Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.Methods: A qualitative research approach was used, and the study is exploratory in nature.Results: The study identified that there was limited digitalisation at eThekwini Municipality. Furthermore, governance processes and an overall governance framework were lacking within the municipality. There was also limited support from the national government to address the fourth industrial revolution at local government level.Conclusion: The implications of a lack of a strong public governance framework, and not being supported sufficiently by the national government, mean that the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality cannot compete internationally within the digital economy. The national government must co-ordinate a collaborated effort towards digitalisation, especially at municipal level. A multilevel governance framework, identifying collaboration between the various levels of government and the public, has been identified as the key response in embracing and enhancing the fourth industrial revolution within municipalities.