bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Hydrosocial Cycle and the Inequalities in Access to Water in Rural Areas of Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile
Authors: Rodríguez Carolina , Serrano Jennyfer , Sánchez Rafael , Leiva Eduardo
Published: October 2024

Water scarcity in Chile has been increasing in recent years, particularly in the central-northern region, associated with a sustained decrease in rainfall and the effects of climate change. This study characterizes the hydrosocial cycle in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago, Chile, with a focus on rural areas, examining the relationship between water availability and socioeconomic factors. For this, demographic data and data related to water demand and use, obtained from government databases, were used. In addition, geographic information systems (GIS) were used for spatial analysis and map creation. Finally, surveys were conducted in rural schools and households to obtain information on water use perceptions and practices. The results show inequalities in access to water with a moderate negative correlation between poverty and water connection/consumption. Rural areas exhibited stronger negative correlations, indicating a greater impact of poverty on water access. Water-saving practices, such as reusing washing water for irrigation, were prevalent in rural households. These results highlight the importance of the hydrosocial cycle to understand the dynamics and factors that shape water demand and consumption in a highly complex region.
Predicting Livestock Farmers’ Attitudes towards Improved Sheep Breeds in Ahar City through Data Mining Methods
Authors: Vahedi Jabraeil , Niazifar Masoumeh , Ghahremanzadeh Mohammad , Taghizadeh Akbar , Abachi Soheila , Palangi Valiollah , Lackner Maximilian
Published: October 2024

Sheep breeding is one of the most important economic activities in Ahar City, Iran. However, due to traditional production techniques, livestock farmers face the problem of low productivity. To address this issue, traditional breeds can be replaced with improved and high-yielding ones; in the first stage, this requires the acceptance of these new sheep breeds by the region’s ranchers. This research aimed to evaluate the attitudes of the livestock breeders of Ahar City towards the improved breeds of sheep and the influential factors. We collected data through in-person interviews using a simple random sampling method, surveying 100 sheep breeders in Ahar. The breeders were categorized into three groups based on their attitudes towards improved breeds: negative, indifferent, and positive. Next, we employed data mining-based methods, including multilayer perceptron neural networks, random forest, and random tree algorithms. These helped identify essential variables affecting ranchers’ attitudes. The results showed that several factors contribute to the ranchers’ philosophy, with the number of sheep sold in the past year and the total sheep ownership being the most significant ones. Comparing statistical evaluation criteria, we found that the random tree algorithm outperformed other methods in predicting and classifying livestock farmers, achieving a prediction accuracy rate of 86% for a sample of 100 farmers. Based on our findings, promoting training courses and raising awareness about the benefits of breeding new sheep breeds, along with providing facilities and credits based on economic conditions, can foster a positive attitude among herders. Increasing the number of sheep owned and improving marketing strategies can further enhance this positive outlook.
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF ROAD NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Authors:   Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology, Tikhomirov Pyotr Viktorovich , Mitryaev Nikita Sergeevich ,   Administration of the city of Oryol, Kukharev Kirill Sergeevich ,   Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology
Published: October 2024

The authors of the article consider special technical means by which it becomes possible to increase the efficiency of the management systems of the street and road network of the Oryol urban agglomeration. The existing technologies used on the streets of the city and theoretically possible management methods will be considered. The types of detectors installed in the city and their principles of operation, as well as ways to increase throughput with their help, are considered in detail. The process of obtaining data and adaptive control of traffic light objects, thanks to these data, is described in more detail. The method of adaptive control of the object using data from detectors installed on the road network is also described in detail.
A synthesis of research on the sequestration of carbon in forests and the conservation of water
Authors: Raihan Asif
Published: October 2024

Forests help solve environmental issues by sequestering carbon and conserving water. Forest management's ultimate goal is to optimize dual functions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and maintain the water cycle. Increased forest production and ecosystem water balance have costs and benefits. This study reviews forest carbon sequestration and hydrological principles for future research. The interaction between forest carbon sequestration and water conservation revealed information gaps and research needs. Previous research has helped comprehend forest carbon fixing and hydrological regulation. Many equipment and methods can quantify and monitor forest carbon and hydrological issues at multiple geographical and temporal levels. Afforestation programs that improve carbon sequestration and water maintenance ecosystem services lack knowledge. Top-down scheduling of afforestation in locations with uncertain water supplies must address how much and where to plant assumed existing land, ecological implications, and local progress and income. Planting decisions dominate local management. Cooperative research is needed to build and manage planted forests for carbon sequestration, water management, and other societal purposes. This study's integrated paradigm for forest management considers carbon sequestration and water conservation can assist future research.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Implemented Drug Delivery Systems: A Paradigm Shift in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Jena Goutam Kumar , Patra Ch Niranjan , Jammula Sruti , Rana Rabinarayan , Chand Shibani
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are revolutionizing the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in drug development and delivery. These technologies enable precision medicine by analyzing extensive datasets to optimize formulations and predict patient responses. AI-driven models enhance nanoparticle-based drug carriers, improving their stability, bioavailability, and targeting accuracy. ML also facilitates real-time monitoring and adaptive control of drug release, ensuring better therapeutic outcomes. This review explores the integration of AI and ML in drug delivery, highlighting their potential to accelerate development, reduce costs, and advance personalized medicine.
A Comprehensive Review on Metal Nanoparticles Produced by Green Synthesis and Their Applications in Glaucoma Treatment
Authors: Nalla Aravinda , Mohanty Dibyalochan
Published: October 2024

The eye is one of the most delicate organs in the body, and glaucoma is considered to be a major cause of blindness. The unique and distinct architecture and physiology of the human eye continue to pose a major challenge for pharmacologists and researchers seeking to provide effective medication delivery. Despite the number of established invasive and noninvasive eye treatments, such as implants, eye drops, and injections, these still lead to several serious side effects that can result from either low bioavailability or adverse ocular effects. Novel eye disease treatments can be developed with the help of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Many active compounds have been engineered to react with nanocarriers to engage with ocular tissues precisely and overcome ocular difficulties. Future research into novel drug delivery systems and targeted treatments is expected to increase because the approach of reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) cannot contain the progress of glaucoma in the general population of patients. This review focuses on the potential benefits of green chemistry and nanotechnology in ophthalmology, particularly in the treatment and diagnosis of glaucoma. Green synthesis has attracted significant interest as a dependable, environmentally friendly, and sustainable method for producing a range of nanomaterials, such as metal/oxide nanoparticles, hybrid materials, and bioinspired materials.
In Commemoration of Dr. Farrokh Modabber: An Iranian Pioneer of Cellular Immunology, and Leishmaniases Vaccine Research in Iran and the World
Authors: Bahrami Fariborz , Mostafavi Ehsan
Published: October 2024

Born in 1940 in Rasht, Iran, Dr. Farrokh Modabber earned his B.A. in Bacteriology and Ph.D. in Microbiology from University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He joined the Harvard Medical School as a fellow before transitioning to a faculty role at Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) and played a pivotal role in advancing Cellular Immunology. In the early 1970s, he returned to Iran as an Associate Professor at Pahlavi University in Shiraz. Subsequently, he rejoined HSPH before embarking on a tenure at Tehran University. As the head of the Pathobiology Department at Tehran University School of Public Health, he initiated the Tehran/Harvard joint M.Sc. program in Immunology, which played a crucial role in shaping the careers of numerous Iranian immunologists over the following decades. Dr. Modabber went on to hold esteemed positions such as Director General of the Pasteur Institute of Iran, visiting immunology lecturer at various universities, Coordinator of Research Capability Strengthening of WHO’s Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), Director of the Infectious Disease Research Institute (IDRI), and Senior Advisor of Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), to name a few. This article highlights Dr. Modabber’s impactful career, focusing on his efforts to combat global leishmaniasis.
COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness of Booster Doses Against Delta and Omicron Variants Over Follow-up Times Using Longitudinal Meta-analysis
Authors: Mostafavi Farideh , Bahardoust Mansour , Sera Francesco , Amirabadizadeh Alireza , Allahyari Sepehr , Ssentongod Paddy , Karami Manochehr , Hashemi Nazari Seyed Saeed
Published: October 2024

Background: COVID-19 is a viral disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2, leading to several variants. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of booster doses against the Delta and Omicron variants over different follow-up times. Study Design: This was a longitudinal meta-analysis. Methods: Searches were performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, and eighty studies were selected for investigation. The analyses were separately performed on the unvaccinated control group (UNVCG) and the complete two doses of the vaccine control group (C2DCG) against Delta and Omicron variants. Three outcomes were examined, including symptomatic infection, hospitalization, and death. Results: Vaccine effectiveness (VE) in UNVCG studies for symptomatic infection revealed a non-linear trend against Omicron with a peak of 67.3%, declining to 27.1% after 25 weeks after a booster dose. The mean of VE for hospitalization over time started to decrease after four weeks against Omicron and after eight weeks against Delta. The VE reached a peak at week eight (96.0%) and started to decline with a VE of 93.3% after 20 weeks after the booster dose against Delta. It was 90.8% at week four and decreased to 73.4% after 25 weeks after the booster dose against Omicron. VE in the C2DCG studies demonstrated more decreases in outcomes over time. Conclusion: Our findings showed a tendency to decrease effectiveness over time based on outcomes and variants. The early protection levels were lower in Omicron. Moreover, the VE decrease over time was stronger in Omicron compared to the Delta variant.
Family Self-management Program for Hypertension Management and Sodium Consumption Adherence: A Parallel Randomized Control Trial Among Family Caregivers and People With Hypertension
Authors: Susanto Tantut , Hernawati Sri , Yunanto Rismawan Adi , Rahmawati Ira , Laras Ati Niken Asih , Fauziah Wahyuni
Published: October 2024

Background: Hypertension (HTN) has become a serious health problem in developing countries. The family has an important role in maintaining blood pressure (BP) at home, and sodium diet compliance in people with HTN needs to be developed. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a family self-management program (FSMP) in HTN management and compliance with sodium consumption in rural areas of Indonesia. Study Design: A parallel-group, single-blind randomized controlled trial. Methods: One hundred twenty-six eligible participants were randomly allocated to an intervention (n=63) and a control group (n=63). Participants in the intervention group received a 24-week (6-month) FSMP intervention. The primary outcome measures included the systolic and diastolic BP, the Score Sodium Questionnaire (SSQ), and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale 8 (MMAS-8). The Knowledge of Health Care for HTN questionnaire and the Efficacy and Behavior Toward Health Care for Patients with HTN questionnaire were used to assess the secondary outcome. Results: The final results were analyzed from 121 participants (n=61 intervention and n=60 control group). The repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) test results demonstrated significant effects on the management of HTN and adherence to sodium consumption as indicated by systolic (P=0.004) and diastolic BP (P=0.006), SSQ (P<0.001), MMAS 8 (P<0.001), caregivers’ knowledge (P<0.001), caregivers’ self-efficacy (P<0.001), and caregivers’ behaviors (P=0.005). Conclusion: The FMSP emerges as a promising strategy for managing BP and adherence to sodium consumption in people with HTN through the support of family caregivers and selfmanagement activities.
Association of ERCC1 Gene Polymorphisms (rs3212986 and rs11615) With the Risk of Lung Cancer in a Population From Southeast Iran
Authors: Khalouei Ali , Masoumi-Ardakani Yaser , Jafarzaheh Abdollah , Kalantari Khandani Behjat , Sedghy Farnaz , Khosravi Mashizi Arezu , Yaghoobi Mohammad Mehdi , Zangouey Mohammadreza , Shahouzehi Beydolah
Published: October 2024

Background: Polymorphisms within the excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1), an essential component of DNA repair mechanisms, have been associated with various malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate the association of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3212986 and rs11615 within the ERCC1 gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Study Design: A case-control study. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples of 83 NSCLC patients and 119 healthy individuals. The genetic diversity of SNPs rs3212986 and rs11615 was determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The RFLP results were confirmed through sequencing. Results: The TT genotype of the rs11615 SNP was associated with a higher risk of NSCLC development (odds ratio: 3.900, 95% confidence interval: 0.603, 22.866, P=0.050). Furthermore, the AA genotype of rs3212986 was related to a higher risk of NSCLC development (OR: 2.531, 95% CI: 1.017, 6.300, P=0.046). A significant association was observed between smoking and lung cancer (OR: 3.072, 95% CI: 1.715, 5.503, P<0.001). Moreover, among non-smokers, there was an association between lung cancer risk and the AA (OR: 6.825, 95% CI: 1.722, 27.044, P=0.006) and AC (OR: 2.503, 95% CI: 0.977, 6.412, P=0.056) genotypes of rs3212986. However, no correlation was found between the genotypes of these SNPs and patients’ sensitivity to cisplatin and carboplatin (P ˃ 0.05). Conclusion: The rs11615-related TT genotype and the rs3212986-related AA genotype may be associated with a higher risk of lung cancer development.
Evaluation of Risk Factors Associated with Recurrence and Death in Patients with Thyroid Cancer From 2008 to 2023 in the West of Iran
Authors: Khazaei Salman , Abdollahi Yeganeh Soheil , Salim Bahrami Seyed Ahmad Raza , Borzouei Shiva
Published: October 2024

Background: Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is a global clinical concern, and its incidence has progressively increased worldwide. Early detection of TC and subsequently decreased age at the diagnosis seem to result from extensive employment of imaging modalities, biopsy techniques, and improvements in the healthcare system. Study Design: A retrospective cohort study. Methods: Overall, 400 patients diagnosed with TC following thyroidectomy in the Endocrinology Clinic, who were followed for fifteen years, were investigated in this study. The checklist included patients’ demographic characteristics, clinical information, and response to treatment, recurrence, and death. Results: There were 19.25% men and 80.75% women. The mean age was 41.005±15.58 years. The risk of death and recurrence was significantly higher in men, patients>65 years, smokers, patients with a family history of TC, undifferentiated cancer, multifocality, and stages III and IV (P<0.001). Each additional year of life was associated with a 21% increase in the risk of death (P<0.001). Smoking was associated with a 4.36-fold increase in the risk of death (P=0.05). For each additional year of life, the probability of recurrence increased by 3% (P=0.009). Men were 4.73 times more likely to recur (P<0.001) than women. Conclusion: To employ the proper therapeutic intervention and perform meticulous postoperative surveillance, it is crucial to consider the predictive influence of pertinent elements. Diagnosing TC in its early stages is essential for the healthcare system because of the increased incidence, younger age at diagnosis, and overall favorable prognosis of TC.
Sürdürülebilir Borçlanma Araçları ve Bunlara İlişkin Türkiye’deki Mevcut Hukuki Durum Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Altıntaş Abdullah
Published: October 2024

Kurumsal finansmanın bir aracı olarak borçlanma araçları çok farklı nitelikler gösterebilmekte ve dolayısıyla değişik ölçütlere göre sınıflandırılabilmektedirler. İhraççıların çevresel veya sosyal olumlu etkiler oluşturmasına hizmet eden borçlanma araçları, “sürdürülebilir borçlanma aracı” olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir borçlanma araçlarına ilişkin standartlar, dünyada özellikle son 10 yılda oldukça gelişmiş ve bunun bir yansıması olarak Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu tarafından “Yeşil Borçlanma Aracı, Sürdürülebilir Borçlanma Aracı, Yeşil Kira Sertifikası, Sürdürülebilir Kira Sertifikası Rehberi” 2022 yılında yayımlanmıştır. Türkiye’de sürdürülebilir borçlanma araçlarına ilişkin standartlar, anılan rehber ile mevzuatta kendisine yer bulmuştur. Sürdürülebilir borçlanma araçlarına ilişkin Türkiye’deki mevcut hukuki duruma ilişkin değerlendirme yapılabilmesinin temel yöntemi, söz konusu rehberin ve hükümlerinin irdelenmesidir. Bu kapsamda yapılan inceleme göstermektedir ki temel alınan uluslararası standartlara ilişkin seçim isabetli olmakla birlikte rehberdeki bazı belirsizliklerin giderilmesi, rehberin kapsamına ve rehberde kullanılan kavramlara ilişkin sorunlara çözüm önerisi sunulması gerekmektedir.
Influence of Outsole Structures on Foot Loading and Gait Stability
Authors: Zhao Yihong , Yan Shiyang , Wang Wei , Sun Bolin , Shi Bi , Yang Luming
Published: October 2024

As the downstream products most relevant to the leather industry, leather shoes perform well in the global market. Consumers have put forward high requirements for the comfort and safety of leather shoes in recent years, especially for high heels, whose unique outsole structure often causes foot overloading. The outsole structure varies in ground-contacted mode and heel base size, and plays a decisive role in its function, affecting gait patterns. This study aimed to investigate differences in foot loading and gait stability induced by different outsole structures, at two typical heel heights. Six pairs of customized high heels (3 outsole structures × 2 heel heights) were tested on eighteen healthy females while walking by the Novel Pedar-X in-shoe plantar pressure system. Taking the thick high heels for the intermediate control group, the main effects of the outsole structures and the heel heights, and their interactions on the plantar pressures were analyzed by Two-way repeated ANOVAs. The center of pressure displacements and velocities were calculated throughout the whole stance phase. The results indicated that the whole ground-contacted mode of the outsole displayed better stability in the medial-lateral direction in the early stance phase but may increase the risk of hallux valgus because of the elevated load there. On the contrary, the smaller heel base size exhibited poorer stability in the medial-lateral direction in the early stance phase and would increase forefoot loading. The response of gait characteristics to heel height change is more prominent, which could cause a more vulnerable gait posture. The results could be relevant to improving high-heel functional design, positively motivating the transformation and upgrading of the leather shoe industry.
The Influence of Deferred Taxes and Tax to Book Ratio on Company Financial Performance
Authors: Kadek Wulandari Laksmi P  , IGN Oka Ariwangsa  , Komang WIdhya Sedana Putra P
Published: October 2024

The reason for conducting this research is to understand the relationship of deferred tax variables and tax to book ratio influence a company's financial performance. The independent variables in the research conducted this time are deferred tax and tax to book ratio, then the fixed variable in the current research is financial performance. This research applies a quantitative approach, multiple linear regression is used as a statistical test, and to analyze the data the classical assumption test is used. By using manufacturing companies operating in the food and beverage sector that have been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2020–2022 as the research population and sample. A total of 17 companies were used as purposive samples, which means the number of samples used was 51 observation data because. This research was conducted using the SPSS Version 25 program. The final results obtained imply that deferred tax has a positive effect with a coefficient value of 54.652 and a significant value of 0.014 < 0.05 and the tax to book ratio has a coefficient value of 3.866, and a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05, it can be concluded that the tax to book ratio variable also has a significant positive effect on financial performance.
Evidencia de estrategias de desarrollo de habilidades socioemocionales y su impacto en el aprendizaje y el ajuste escolar
Authors: Anchundia Macías Glen , Vega Intriago Jisson
Published: October 2024

The objective of the study was to analyze the evidence on strategies for developing social-emotional skills and their impact on learning and school adjustment. A literature review was conducted of 25 scientific articles that addressed teaching strategies, programs, and theoretical approaches. The inclusion criteria were: publications in Spanish and English, empirical studies published between 2020 and 2024, that discussed strategies or programs for developing social-emotional skills in educational contexts, and that analyzed the impact of these strategies on student learning and/or school adjustment. The systematic search for studies was conducted in the databases: Scopus, Dialnet, and Google Scholar, considering the keywords “social-emotional learning,” “emotional intelligence,” “academic performance,” “school adjustment,” among others. Among the results, the studies support that the development of social-emotional skills, through teaching strategies such as social and emotional learning, positively impacts learning, school adaptation, and student well-being. These strategies strengthen key dimensions of emotional intelligence, such as self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management. It is concluded that integrating the development of social-emotional skills into the school curriculum is relevant, through the implementation of comprehensive programs and teaching strategies that involve students, teachers, families, and communities. This contributes to the formation of more resilient students, with better self-regulation and adaptation skills, which results in more effective learning and school adjustment.
Evaluation du marquage grammatical de la référence temporelle en français : étude psycholinguistique auprès de personnes atteintes de maladie d’Alzheimer
Authors:   , Schaffner Evodie
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Human life consists of a succession of events that are inseparable from the time in which they occurred. Human beings are then able to perceive, navigate and express time. Time reference is the linguistic expression of time. It allows us to express time through language using the concepts of tense and grammatical aspect. More precisely, time reference expresses when the event happened, with tense, and how it happened, with aspect. In French, as in tensed languages, time reference is essentially made by verbal inflection. This ability can be altered in some pathologies. This may be the case in Alzheimer's disease (AD), where difficulties in time reference coexist with difficulties in time perception and navigation (partly due to the progressive loss of episodic memory). However, the origin of verb inflection difficulties in this disease remains poorly studied. Aims: This thesis investigates the grammatical marking of time reference in French speakers with AD. It has three main objectives: (1) to investigate whether tense (past, present, future) and grammatical aspect (perfective, imperfective) are difficult to produce in French in this population, (2) if so, to investigate the source(s) of this time reference deficit, and (3) to assess whether the participants' cognitive profile (memory and executive functions) affects their ability to grammatically mark tense and aspect. Method: Twenty-one French-speaking participants with AD and 21 age- and education-matched controls took part in this study. Participants were given sentence completion tasks and discursive tasks to assess verbal inflection, as well as tasks focusing on time perception and mental time travel. Several tests assessing cognitive functions (e.g., working memory, executive functions, episodic memory) were also used in this study. Data were analysed using statistical mixed-effects models. Results: Analysis showed that participants with AD had difficulty grammatically marking tense and aspect. This finding was found in sentence completion tasks but also in discursive tasks. These difficulties are partly related to their cognitive profile, and in particular to their abilities in verbal working memory, mental flexibility and inhibition. However, the type of task seems to also have an influence on the production of time reference in AD.
Education And Maternal Self-Confidence In Caring For Premature Babies
Authors: Permatasari Indah , Herlina Herlina Herlina
Published: October 2024

Background: The high number of preterm births in 2014-2015, Indonesia is one of the countries that contributes the highest premature rate of 19% and is a major factor in perinatal mortality. RSAB Harapan Kita West Jakarta has a rate of 3.46% about 105 mothers who gave birth to premature babies within 3 months. The formulation of this problem is the health of premature babies who need intensive and special care so that most of them can affect the self-confidence of the baby's parents.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between maternal education and maternal confidence in caring for premature babies at RSAB Harapan Kita, West JakartaMethods: This study used quantitative methods and used a cross sectional approach with 38 samples obtained by non-probability sampling method and total sampling technique.Results: The results showed that there was no significant relationship between maternal education and maternal confidence in caring for premature babies with a p-value of 0.721 (? 0.05).Conclusion: There are other factors apart by education that may affect mothers' confidence in caring for premature babies such as health education. Thus, the researcher suggests the future researchers to examine the effect of health education on the confidence of mothers in taking care of premature babies.
Analysis of Risk Factors for Subjective Work Fatigue Levels Among Nurses at RS.Otak DR.Drs. M. Hatta Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, In 2024
Authors: Djamalus Nursanti,
Published: October 2024

Background: Service nursing care that is carried out home nurse Sick for 24 hours a day , very much needed readiness physical , mental and time . This is potential cause work fatigue which has an impact  decline alertness and concentration , disturbed taking decisions and occurrences error or accident Work .Purpose : This Study For analyze factors risk level fatigue Work subjective on Nurses at RS.Otak.DR.Drs.M.Hatta Bukittinggi, West Sumatra 2024 .Methods: Study quantitative with design study This cross-sectional on 100 nurses at the Brain Hospital DR. Drs . M. Hatta Bukittinggi, West Sumatra in 2024. The risk factors are the characteristics individual , factor related work and environment Work Lighting . Measurement of work fatigue with a questionnaire SSRT ( Subjective Self Rating Test ) from IFRC; burden mental work with the NASA-TLX ( National Aeronautics Space Administration Task Load Index ) questionnaire ; for role , control and satisfaction work with the COPSOG ( Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire ) III questionnaire ; measurement lighting with lux meterResults: The results showed that 79% of nurses experienced mild levels of work fatigue and moderate levels of work fatigue (21%). Risk factors that had a significant relationship with the level of work fatigue were age (p 0.013; OR 6.82), nutritional status: obese (p 0.020; OR 3.77), sleep duration (p 0.050; OR 3.14).Conclusion: Implementation of fatigue management and fatigue screening periodic expected can lower level of work fatigue .
ROLE OF THE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN ACCORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL AUDITING STANDARD NO. 315 IN REDUCING TAX EVASION
Authors: Almasria Nashat A. , Alhatabat Zaidoon , Dawleh Ahmad Abu , Tahtamouni Asem , Ibrahim Abdulhadi
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to identify the effect of applying internal control elements in accordance with International Auditing Standard No. 315 and the COSO framework (control environment, risk assessment, control activities, information, communication, and control) on reducing tax evasion activities. The study population consisted of Jordanian telecommunications companies; the sample of the study included financial managers, accountants, and internal auditors working in Jordanian telecommunications companies, where a dedicated questionnaire was developed for this purpose and distributed to them. The questionnaire was administered using the comprehensive survey technique by distributing 46 copies of the questionnaire to the study participants. The findings were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, utilizing Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Through a field study involving various telecommunication operators in Jordan, this research aims to examine the practical implementation of IAS 315 and its implications for fostering a transparent and compliant tax reporting environment. The findings strongly support this investigation, as evidenced by a high correlation coefficient of 0.886 and an R² value of 0.785, indicating that the internal control elements account for 78.5% of the variance in reducing tax evasion. Significant individual predictors positively impact reducing tax evasion. The outcome of this study is expected to contribute to the broader discourse on financial ethics and governance, particularly in emerging markets where regulatory compliance is crucial for economic stability and growth.
RED PITAHAYA HYLOCEREUS UNDATUS (HAWORTH) BRITTON & ROSE GROWN ON THE PERUVIAN COAST: PHYSICOCHEMICAL, NUTRITIONAL, AND BIOACTIVE CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Rosa Antonio José Obregón-La , Bracamonte-Romero Michael , Alfaro-Cruz Sarela
Published: October 2024

Pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.) is a cactus native to the Americas. It is Hylocereus undatus, the most commercial variety, so data on its nutritional composition are required. The aim of this investigation was to examine the physicochemical, nutritional, and bioactive characteristics of the red Pitahaya Hylocereus undatus (Haworth) Britton & Rose grown on the Peruvian coast. Analysis of physicochemical characteristics, nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity was performed using standardized methods. From the proximal composition, the fiber content (4.30 ± 0.02 g/100 g) and total carbohydrate content (15.01 ± 0.16 g/100 g) were outstanding. Likewise, among the bioactive compounds, the red Pitahaya displayed acceptable levels of vitamin C (7.80 ± 0.01 mg /100 g) and total betalains (5.93 ± 0.01-mg betacyanin equivalent/100 g), highlighting the levels of total polyphenols (101.43 ± 1.79 mg of acid gallic equivalent/100 g) and antioxidant capacity (1215 ± 2.22-µmol trolox equivalent/100 g) evaluated by the DPPH assay. The results confirmed that the red Pitahaya Hylocereus undatus (Haworth) Britton & Rose grown on the Peruvian coast is a promising source of nutritional and bioactive compounds to be used as a functional ingredient in the food industry.
Stanowisko Polski wobec agresji Rosji na Ukrainę. Perspektywy akcesji Ukrainy do Unii Europejskiej i NATO
Authors: Fiszer Józef M.
Published: October 2024

The article aims to analyze Poland’s position on Russia’s aggression against Ukraine on February 24, 2022 and tries to show the prospects of its membership in the European Union and NATO. The undeclared war between Russia and Ukraine has been going on de facto since 2014, since the illegal annexation of the Crimean Peninsula to the Russian Federation. Since then and Russia’s aggression against Georgia in 2008, the West, led by the US, has been promising Ukraine membership in NATO and the European Union but for now, formal negotiations have not even begun. In this article, the author tries to answer why this is happening and, at the same time analyzes Poland’s position on Russia’s aggression against Ukraine in 2022 and its Euro-Atlantic aspirations. The main thesis is the statement that Ukraine’s accession to NATO and the European Union is in the Polish national interest and will not be without significance for Poland’s security.
Wojna na Ukrainie jako czynnik państwotwórczego rozwoju Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Grosse Tomasz Grzegorz
Published: October 2024

The aim of the article is to analyze the impact of the war in Ukraine on European integration. In particular, bellicist theories will be analyzed. I pose the following research questions: Has the security threat resulting from Russian imperialism prompted the European Union to develop its own defense capabilities? Did it stimulate the development of state functions of this organization, e.g. centralization or federalization aimed at guaranteeing the security of member states, especially those located in the east of the EU? I am also trying to verify the reasons why the state-building of the EU encounters difficulties in the situation of the war in Ukraine. The study was conducted during the first two years of the full-scale war in Ukraine (2022–2023).
The preliminary study of etching characteristics of atmospheric pressure trifluoromethane plasma jet etching
Authors: Sung Yu-Ching , Yang Wen-Lin , Huang Chun
Published: October 2024

The capacitive coupling radio frequency atmospheric pressure plasma jet for silicon etching, through the carrier gas carrying trifluoromethane gas, varies the gas flow rate for plasma etching. We find the impact of varying gas flow rates on plasma etching and analyze the resulting two-dimensional and three-dimensional surface topographies using a surface profilometer. Experimental findings indicate that at a trifluoromethane flow rate of 250 sccm and a working distance of 6 mm, an etching rate 3of 8.7 μm min−1 is acheived. Notably, the research emphasizes the crucial role of trifluoromethane (CHF3) gas in plasma etching, highlighting its fluorocarbon ratio and chemical structure as primary factors influencing the etching process on monocrystalline silicon. Ultimately, the study proposes a methodology involving trifluoromethane gas for silicon wafer etching, enabling the transformation of micro-patterns onto crystalline silicon using a mask. This research contributes valuable insights into optimizing plasma etching techniques for microfabrication processes in semiconductor technology.
Effect of Provider Specialty on Medical Resource Utilization and Costs in Chronic Spinal-Pain Management
Authors: Staats Peter
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Poorly managed chronic spinal pain encumbers medical resources and drives healthcare costs, suggesting a target for improvement. OBJECTIVES: To determine how specialist-care pathways influence healthcare costs in the first year after a referral for chronic spine pain. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of administrative claims from a large commercial health insurance provider, analyzing a 6-month baseline, a variable “pre-referral period,” and a one-year period of specialist care. SETTING: US patients covered by private commercial insurers. METHODS: Adult patients diagnosed with chronic, spine-related pain between July 2016 and February 2018 and under the active care of a specialist were eligible. Patients with neurological deficits or cancer-related pain were excluded. Patients were categorized based on sequence-dependent exposure to a pain specialist, a surgeon, or both specialties. Key measures were pain-related and all-cause medical resource use and costs and opioid prescription fills. RESULTS: Of 306,080 eligible patients (mean age 61.6; 61.5% women), 13% saw a pain specialist, 71% a surgeon, 7% a pain specialist then a surgeon, and 9% a surgeon then a pain specialist. Referral to a pain specialist alone was associated with lower resource use and per-patient adjusted cost savings of $3,311 (pain-related) and $6,447 (all-cause) compared to patients referred to a surgeon alone. The pain specialist pathway was associated with increased indicators of prescription opioid use. LIMITATIONS: Cohort design constraints temper the results’ generalizability, given the need to simultaneously examine specialty pathway and medical resource incurred over the same time period. CONCLUSIONS: We observed meaningful savings in cost and resource use when chronic spine-pain patients were managed by pain specialists. Pain-management referrals should be an element of a thoughtfully designed care pathway. KEY WORDS: Chronic spinal pain, pain management, care pathway, spine surgery
Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Feature in Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Hong Ji Hee
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is usually established using characteristic clinical features such as sudden, severe, and unilateral facial pain. Studies about diverse clinical features and epidemiologic data of TN have been reported previously; however, most of the previous studies have evaluated in and focused on Caucasian and Western populations. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate diverse clinical features, currently applied types of treatment, and brain imaging studies in patients with TN in a Korean population. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: An interventional pain management practice in South Korea. METHODS: Patients with a primary diagnosis of TN were identified using Clinical Data Warehouse v 2.5 (CDW, Planit Healthcare, Seoul, Korea) using the key words “trigeminal neuralgia and G50.0 (International classification of disease 10 code).” RESULTS: TN occurred predominantly between the fifth and seventh decades of life, with female predominance. The V3 division and unilateral right-side involvement were the most common affected region. An electric shock like sensation and the intraoral side (teeth and gingiva) were the most common pain description and location, respectively. Normal brain imaging studies and vascular compression on the trigeminal nerve were observed in 92 (64.7%) and 36 (25%) patients, respectively. The superior cerebellar artery was the most common offending vessel (19;13.3%). Monotherapy with carbamazepine alone was the most common (91;37.7%), whereas radiofrequency thermoablation was the most common invasive treatment. LIMITATIONS: The results of this study were based on data on TN patients from a single center. The generalizability of the findings to the Korean population is thus limited. CONCLUSION: There is little difference between Korean and other Asian patients with TN in their demographic and clinical characteristics. KEY WORDS: Brain imaging, clinical feature, electric shock-like sensation, intraoral side, trigeminal neuralgia, vascular compression
Anesthetic Spread of Ultrasound-Guided Paraspinal Blocks in Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Image Study
Authors: Liu Hongliang
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Anesthetic spread of ultrasound-guided paraspinal blocks is still unknown. OBJECTIVES: To compare the drug diffusion qualities of intertransverse process block (ITPB) and erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in clinical practice. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective computed tomography (CT)-3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction image study. SETTING: Operation room in hospital. METHODS: Twenty patients undergoing thoracoscopic pulmonary wedge resection or segmentectomy were enrolled. These procedures require localization of pulmonary nodules using CT-guided needle puncture immediately before surgery. The patients were divided into 2 groups, each consisting of 10 patients. Group I underwent ITPB, while group E underwent ESPB. These interventions were performed 30 minutes before surgery using 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine with 2 mL iohexol. Sensory loss of the thoracic dermatomes was assessed using cold stimulation before general anesthesia. Patients’ CT localization images were used for 3D reconstruction after surgery, and the diffusion of the drug in each cross-section of the CT images was evaluated. RESULTS: Three-dimensional imaging of the drug showed that in group E, drug diffusion was improved in the cephalocaudal area compared to group I (10 vs 4.5 segments). Drug diffusion in group I was improved anteriorly and laterally ([10/10, 100%] in the paravertebral and intercostal spaces) and reached the front of the vertebral body along the thoracic fascia in certain segments (6/10, 60%). In group E, very few segments of the drug reached the paravertebral (2/10, 20%) and intercostal (3/10, 30%) spaces. All patients in group I had clear signs of loss of cold sensation on the lateral and anterior chest walls, with an average of 4 thoracic dermatomes. In group E, 3 patients had definite lateral and anterior chest wall cold stimulation signs, the thoracic dermatome was discontinuous, and the effect was only present between 1-2 segments. The blocking effect of the paraspinal zone was excellent (100%) in both groups. LIMITATIONS: However, this study has some limitations. First, the sample size was small, and clinical trials with larger samples are required to further verify the effects of ITPB and ESPB. Second, the same local anesthetic drug concentration and volume were used for both techniques in this study, and the effect of volume or concentration on drug diffusion was not further explored. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with ESPB, ITPB yielded increased stability in lateral and anterior chest wall block with improved anterior and intercostal spread, but reduced cephalocaudal spread. KEY WORDS: Erector spinae plane block, intertransverse process block, 3-dimensional imaging, paraspinal block, drug diffusion, video-assisted, thoracoscopic surgery, 3D reconstruction
Retrospective Review of the Efficacy of Lumbar Radiofrequency Ablation for Lumbar Facet Arthropathy: The Influence of Gender and Obesity
Authors: Przkora Rene
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Lumbar facet arthropathy is one of the leading causes of back pain. Lumbar radiofrequency lesioning is a therapy for lumbar facet arthropathy that uses heat to ablate the transmission of nerve signals from the medial branches of the spinal nerves associated with the corresponding painful lumbar joints. OBJECTIVES: The present investigation evaluated the outcomes of patients undergoing lumbar radiofrequency ablation at an academic pain program with a special focus on the influence of gender and obesity. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Academic tertiary care center. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of 232 patients for age, body mass index, gender, other procedures, and complications, in addition to the primary outcome measurements of Visual Analog Scale pain scores, pain relief percentages, pain relief duration, and functional status improvement per patient report. Associations with outcomes were evaluated with correlations, t tests/analysis of variance, and c2 test. Influences on a change in Visual Analog Scale pain scores before and after treatment were assessed with linear regression. RESULTS: Patients had an average pain reduction of 76.6% (SD = 24.5) from the initial treatment and an average of 30.7 weeks (SD = 21.2) of pain relief from the initial treatment. A total of 83% of the patients reported an improvement in functional status from the initial treatment. Women (mean = 79.8%, SD = 21.4) had a slightly higher pain relief percentage than men (mean = 71.6%, SD = 28.1; P = 0.046). A higher body mass index was associated with less improvement in Visual Analog Scale maximum pain scores from before and after the procedure (b = 0.04; SE = 0.02; P = 0.042). LIMITATIONS: Our study is not a randomized controlled trial; however, based on the number of patients reviewed, our data provide important information regarding lumbar radiofrequency ablations. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights significant effectiveness for patients undergoing lumbar radiofrequency ablations for lumbar facet joint pain. A variation in effectiveness appears to be influenced by gender and obesity, and therefore additional studies are warranted to further investigate these differences. KEY WORDS: Low back pain, gender, lumbar radiofrequency ablation, obesity, facet joint