bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The artificial intelligence conflictogenicity at Z generation youth educational space
Authors: Sokolovskaya I. E.
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, in the twenties of the XXI century, many problems seemed to be fantastic plots not so long ago, twenty or thirty years ago, are becoming obvious. They are: robotization, artificial intelligence, replacing people by machine guns, which will lead to mass unemployment and uselessness of a person in the future world. Such expectations are called «conflictogenic»ones, because they cause disturbing moods in the society. Indeed, the artificial intelligence works better in a number of human labor spheres. Tasks as recruitment for an organization, accounting operations, dispatching, vehicle controlling are in some cases shifted to robots, an electronic brain. The robotization process is still gradually taking place in the world; it is still more profitable to use cheaper human labor than machines in underdeveloped countries. However, there are no guarantees that the process of replacing people with automatic devices will not become explosive. The International Monetary Fund has developed scenarios for possible options to introduce the artificial intelligence in mankind’s life. Because the process is already underway, the first symptoms of conflict are evident. The study represents the reactions of young generation representatives to phenomena in the society related to entering the artificial intelligence into real life. Nowadays disturbing conflictogens in implementing the artificial intelligence are self-isolation; self-employment; loneliness; uselessness for the society as an unclaimed specialist who cannot offer himself; reality illusion in the virtual reality; physiological atrophy, deterioration in health; suicidal tendencies; criminal tendencies (hacking). The author reveals character fears of different age groups. The paper shows viewpoints on the situation of futurologists, formulates thoughts on the qualities necessary for a person in the nearest future including widespread the artificial intelligence use in various life fields.
Scientific specialty «Library science, bibliography science and bibliology» and specialized dissertation research (1999–2020)
Authors: Artemyeva E. B. , Makeeva O. V.
Published: February 2022

In the modern world, global changes are taking place in all spheres of society, including economy, science, education and culture. In this regard, a detailed analysis and comprehension of ongoing processes become relevant to develop a specific strategy. In 2021, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education adopted the Order «On the approval of the nomenclature of scientific specialties for which scientific degrees are awarded <….>”; the nomenclature of scientific specialties was published, where specialty 05.25.03 «Library Science, Bibliography science and Bibliology» was not reflected (among pedagogical, historical, philological, technical sciences). This document came next to a draft nomenclature of scientific specialties (2020), which was widely discussed by the scientific community. The library community and representatives of university science carried out a number of activities aimed at changing the situation. The authors recreate the picture of forming and growing the profile scientific specialty, including its presentation in the nomenclature of scientific specialties for which scientific degrees are awarded since 1957; analyze statistic materials on post-graduate training of highly qualified scientific personnel and activity to defense dissertations in 1999–2020; generalize and assess the data, consider the problems and vectors of this specialty development to justify the inclusion of the specialty «Library Science, Bibliography Science and Bibliology» in the new nomenclature of scientific specialties to continue the training of highly qualified scientific personnel in graduate school, and to carry out specialized research. The article argues that the consequences of the ongoing reforms in science have led to transformations, slowing down the rotation of scientific personnel, extinguishing the activities of dissertation councils and scientific schools in library science, bibliography and bibliology in the regions and complicating the development of library and information science in general.
Implementing the rationalism principle in the conditions of design and creative activity when training workers in SPO system
Authors: Gaineev E. R.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The article is devoted to emerging the rationalism principle as a modern component of the polytechnism principle, which corresponds to such laws as the conditionality of the education field to modern trends in the sphere of economics and production, processes of internationalization and international integration in training workers, the education quality dependence in the vocational education system on a united world educational space. Problem statement. Solving the problem of learning based on the principle of rationalism contributes to: 1) activation of cognitive and creative activity of students; 2) creation of conditions for creative self-realization of the individual; 3) education and development of a stable need for self-development; 4) demand for a graduate with innovative knowledge and skills and his social security. Research methodology. The research approaches are systematic, complex, set a different vision of the tasks solved in the interaction of college teachers and mentors of enterprises; a project-creative approach based on joint creative activity. The study is carried out based on I. N. Ulyanov Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Ulyanovsk Vocational and Polytechnic College and Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (JSC «UAZ»). The study results. The implementation result of training workers on the rationalism principle base is the training quality grows, which makes it possible to prepare up to 20 percent of highly qualified graduates – at the level of the fifth category and demand for college graduates in the workplace. Such indicators make it possible to solve the problem of training highly qualified workers in the conditions of the SPO system. Conclusions. The study elaborates a model and consider the experience of implementing the rationalism principle based on dual training and joint design and creative activity, represents the main components of the model practical use. The research results allow identifying the prospects for further research, which consist in the development of new directions, forms, means and methods of implementing the rationalization principle in training workers.
Type VIII osteogenesis imperfecta: first report of a rare case in Russia. Importance of molecular diagnostics
Authors:   National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ignatovich O.N. , Savostyanov K.V. ,   National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pushkov A.A. ,   National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Tsygin A.N. ,   National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Fisenko A.P. ,   National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2022

Type VIII osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic collagen-related disorder of the connective tissue caused by mutations in the P3H1 gene. The disease is usually severe or lethal. Its clinical manifestations are similar to those in type II and III OI and include osteopenia at birth and multiple congenital fractures. We report a case of type VIII OI in a girl that was initially diagnosed with type III OI before the results of genetic examination became available. This patient was found to have a previously undescribed homozygous pathogenic variant c.941-1G>C in the P3H1 gene affecting the canonical splice site. Recommend molecular examination using massive parallel sequencing of all patients with suspected OI to ensure correct diagnosis, timely adjustment of causal therapy, and further medical and genetic counseling aimed at prevention of new cases in families carrying such mutations. This study presents a case of a two-year-old girl with severe OI (type VIII) with an undescribed homozygous mutation in P3H1 detected using the massively parallel sequencing developed earlier. Key words: P3H1 gene, children, massive parallel sequencing, osteogenesis imperfecta, type VIII, rare diseases
Foreign bodies in the bladder
Authors:   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Akselrov M.A. ,   Regional Clinical Hospital No 2, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Evdokimov V.N. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Svazyan V.V. ,   Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation, Sitko L.A. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russian Federation, Kuzhelivskiy I.I. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Stolyar A.V. ,   Regional Clinical Hospital No 2, Tyumen, Russian Federation
Published: February 2022

In this article, we report two cases of foreign bodies in the bladder in two adolescents (male and female). The aim of this publication is to draw attention of pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, and urologists to the rare location of a foreign body in children and adolescents, since clinical manifestations in such cases are minimal (painful urination). The changes in urine tests are not specific. More thorough analysis of the case history, especially in patients in pre-puberty and puberty significantly facilitates diagnostic search. Key words: children and adolescents, foreign body, bladder, urogenital tract
Surgical treatment for children with posterior urethral valve
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Osipov I.B. , Lebedev D.A. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Sarychev C.A. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Osipov A.I. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Alekseeva L.A. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Solovev A.A. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Zavyalova A.N. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Lifanova M.V. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Krasilnikov D.E. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Burhanov V.V. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Lebedeva N.D.Lebedeva ,   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: February 2022

Objective. To assess treatment outcomes in children with posterior urethral valve (PUV). Patients and methods. We analyzed treatment outcomes in 60 children with PUV within a non-randomized, retrospective, single-center, pilot study. Sixty patients have undergone PUV ablation; 8 of them required repeated ablation. Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was performed in 31 ureters; 5 children had botulinum toxin therapy. Results. Type 1 PUV was diagnosed in 49 patients (81.6%), whereas type 3 PUV was identified in 11 patients (18.3%). VUR was detected in in 65 ureters (54.1%); obstructive ureterohydronephrosis was diagnosed in 40 ureters (33.3%). Ablation of the valve flaps improved lower urinary tract (LUT) urodynamics in 27 children. Thirty-three patients had valve bladder syndrome (VBS). Improvement of the upper urinary tract (UUT) condition was achieved in 54 cases. Fifteen children have undergone nephroureterectomy. There was a significant decrease in the activity of pyelonephritis in children after endoscopic ablation of the PUV. Fifty-three patients (88.3%) demonstrated severe UUT urodynamic disorders. The baseline grade of UUT lesions affected treatment outcome (p = 0.0009). Children with VBS symptoms had progressive UUT pathology and persistent urinary incontinence. Six patients eventually required replacement therapy. Conclusion. The majority of PUV children (88.3%) presented with severe UUT impairments. More than half of the patients (55.0%) had VBS symptoms. Their treatment should be comprehensive and include long-term monitoring of urodynamics and kidney function. Key words: posterior urethral valve, valve bladder syndrome, vesicoureteral reflux
Quality of life of children operated on for ultrashort Hirschsprung's disease
Authors:   Republican Children's Clinical Hospital, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, Svarich V.G. ,   Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, Kagantsov I.M. ,   Republican Children's Clinical Hospital, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation,   Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation, Svarich V.A. ,   Main Bureau of Medical and Social Expertise of Komi Republic, Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, Syktyvkar, Russian Federation
Published: February 2022

So far, there have been very few reports on the quality of life (QoL) in children receiving treatment for Hirschsprung's disease in both Russian and foreign literature. Objective. To evaluate the QoL of children with ultrashort Hirschsprung's disease. Patients and methods. We evaluated the QoL in 203 patients with ultrashort Hirschsprung's disease. Group 1a included 119 children who underwent Linn surgery, whereas group 1b comprised 84 children who underwent posterior myectomy. Results. The preoperative QoL of children with ultrashort Hirschsprung's disease was lower than that in healthy children. In the early postoperative period, the QoL in patients was still lower than that in controls; however, it slightly increased compared to preoperative QoL. Twelve months postoperatively, patients' QoL was insignificantly lower than the QoL of healthy children, but has improved significantly compared to preoperative QoL. Conclusion. Comparison of postoperative QoL in patients with ultrashort Hirschsprung's disease showed that children in both groups demonstrated positive dynamics after surgery compared to preoperative parameters. Patients from group 1a had a more pronounced improvement in their QoL than patients from group 1b. Key words: Hirschsprung's disease, quality of life, ultrashort Hirschsprung's disease
Audit of outpatient consultations of children with manifestations of articular syndrome by a rheumatologist in primary health care units
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Balashov S.L. ,   Children's City Polyclinic No 38 of the Moscow Health Department, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chaika Yu.B. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Eronina E.V. ,   Children's City Polyclinic No 69 of the Moscow Health Department, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sevostyanov V.K. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation,   The Research Institute for health organization and medical management, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ryabceva A.I. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Novikov A.S. ,   V.A.Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Garibyan V.Yu. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zholobova E.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation,   Moscow Center of Pediatric Rheumatology, Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2022

Objective. To make an audit of outpatient consultations, evaluate routing of a patient suspected of having rheumatic disease, and assess the completeness of preliminary examination before consultations. Material and methods. We analyzed medical records, electronic cards, and results of laboratory and instrumental examination of 121 patients with manifestations of articular syndrome who had a first consultations with a rheumatologist in 2019. Results. We found that 121 patients with manifestations of articular syndrome were referred to the primary consultation with a rheumatologist (28% of the total number of primary consultations in 2019). Objective clinical symptoms of arthritis were observed in less than 25% of patients (n = 30) upon examination by a rheumatologist. Only 72% of patients (n = 87) underwent preliminary laboratory and instrumental examination. Nine percent of patients (n = 11) were referred to a rheumatologist without any examination. Conclusion. We revealed outpatient doctors' non-compliance with the existing algorithms of examination and routing of patients. A substantial proportion of patients had no objective reasons for seeing a rheumatologist and did not undergo proper preliminary examination before consultation. Key words: rheumatic diseases, articular syndrome, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, outpatient consultation, patient routing, examination algorithm
Hypoxic conditioning in comprehensive rehabilitation of children with bronchial asthma after coronavirus infection
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Geppe N.A. , Glazachev O.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Timofeev Yu.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Shakhnazarova M.D. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Kolosova N.G. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Samartseva V.G. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Dudnik E.N. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Kalinovskaya I.I. ,   Children's Bronchopulmonary Sanatorium Nо 15, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2022

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety controlled hypoxic stimulation in children after coronavirus infection, including those with BA. Patients and methods. This study included 72 children aged 9–12 years who had had COVID-19 at least 1.5–2 months before the enrollment; of them, 24 patients had mild to moderate BA. Study participants were randomized into two groups: ‘intermittent hypoxic training’ (IHT, n = 31) and ‘intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic training’ (IHHT, n = 41). Before the procedures, we assessed hypoxic resistance of children using a hypoxic test. The following parameters were measured before and after the course, which included 10 procedures: hypoxic resistance (hypoxic index, time to desaturation, and reoxygenation time), spirometry parameters (forced expiratory volume in 1 second, peak expiratory flow, and airway resistance), changes in systolic/diastolic pressure, heart rate variability, tolerability of procedures (using a visual analog scale), and anxiety level (CMAS test). Results. We found no significant differences between BA and non-BA children in their spirometry parameters and hypoxic resistance. We observed good tolerability of the procedures in children from different groups. After the course of IHT/IHHT, patients demonstrated a significant increase in their resistance to hypoxic stimulation. IHHT procedures were more effective and safer than IHT according to spirometry parameters (RINTexp), tolerability, and anxiety level. Conclusion. Hypoxic conditioning procedures can be recommended as a part of comprehensive rehabilitation in BA children who had had COVID-19. Key words: intermittent hypoxic training, new coronavirus infection, bronchial asthma, children, rehabilitation
Irritable bowel syndrome in pediatric practice. Focus on children with a history of surgical intervention
Authors:   A.I.Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Sytkov V.V. , Borovik T.E. ,   National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russian Federation,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Poddubnyi I.V. ,   A.I.Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vorobyeva Yu.D. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Zokirov N.Z. ,   Federal Research and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, Trunov V.O. ,   Federal Research and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bushueva T.V. ,   National Medical Research Center of Children's Health, Moscow, Russian Federation,   N.P.Bochkov Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shcherbakova O.V. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Rekhviashvili M.G. ,   Morozov Child City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: February 2022

This review aims to summarize the existing literature on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in children and discuss the evolution of definitions and diagnostic criteria according to the Rome IV Criteria issued in 2016. The article also covers the main theories of IBS pathogenesis, including the role of surgical interventions and changes in the intestinal microbiota. There is an overview of current therapeutic approaches used for IBS treatment in accordance with the variety of etiopathogenetic factors. It has been shown that the use of probiotics, antidepressants, prokinetics, and antispasmodics can become a strategy for the prevention and management of IBS in children. Key words: children, irritable bowel syndrome, functional gastrointestinal disorders
Listeria meningoencephalitis in a 7-year-old child: a case report
Authors:   Children's Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Skripchenko N.V. ,   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Vilnits A.A. ,   Children's Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation,   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Egorova E.S. ,   Children's Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Gorelik E.Yu. ,   Children's Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Astapova A.V. ,   Children's Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Skripchenko E.Yu. ,   Children's Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation,   Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: February 2022

Listeria infection, including that affecting the central nervous system, is a relatively rare disease usually diagnosed in newborns, elderly people, and immunocompromised patients. However, in recent years, listeriosis was frequently detected in healthy people. We report a case of listeriosis with lesions to the central nervous system (meningoencephalitis) in an 8-year-old child without obvious immunodeficiency. We described the difficulties associated with diagnostic search and treatment strategy with early initiation of cytoflavin, which had a complex effect and facilitated improvement. Key words: children, listeriosis, meningitis, encephalitis, cytoflavin
Concomitant diseases in children with congenital cleft lip and palate residing in a region with industrial pollution
Authors:   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Chuykin S.V. , Akat'yeva G.G. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Kuchuk K.N. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Chuykin O.S. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Makusheva N.V. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Gil'manov M.V. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Muratov A.M. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation
Published: February 2022

Objective. To evaluate the incidence of somatic diseases in children with congenital cleft lip and palate residing in regions with industrial pollution. Patients and methods. We analyzed medical records of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital in Ufa made between January 1, 1985 and December 31, 2019. A total of 3.463 children with congenital cleft lip and/or palate aged 0 to 16 years were treated and followed-up during this period. Results. We found that 2017 children with congenital cleft lip and/or palate (58.24%) were born and resided in areas with welldeveloped petrochemical industry, whereas 1446 children (41.76%) were born and resided in the areas without petrochemical pollution. Clinical analysis of the health status of children with congenital cleft lip and/or palate living in the areas with petrochemical pollution demonstrated high incidence of respiratory tract diseases and acute respiratory viral infections. Conclusion. We observed a positive correlation between the level of environmental pollution and incidence of concomitant somatic diseases in children with congenital cleft lip and/or palate. This should be considered in pre- and postoperative rehabilitation of children with congenital cleft lip and/or palate with the involvement of pediatricians. Key words: congenital cleft lip and palate, industrial pollutants, concomitant diseases, preoperative preparation
CHANGES OF FACTORS OF NON-SPECIFIC PROTECTION OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN CHILDREN WITH GINGIVITIS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE USE OF ESSENTIAL OILS AND BENTONITE CLAY
Authors:   Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, Russia, GALKINA OLGA P. , TER-POGOSYAN DAVID A. ,   Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, Russia, ABLAEV KEMRAN D. ,   Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, Russia, ABLAEV KEMAL D. ,   Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, Russia
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The prevention and treatment of inflammatory periodontal disease in children remains a topical issue in dentistry. This is due to the increasing prevalence of this disease in the early age groups. Remission periods of diseases in children are short. Therefore, treatment and preventive measures of periodontal tissue diseases in this population should be primarily focused on the regulation of nonspecific protection system at the local level. The components of the system are secretory immunoglobulin A, lysozyme and modified albumin. Using means of natural origin as regulators will allow to optimize treatment regimens and reduce allergic reactions. Aim. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of the complex for applications to the gingiva, consisting of means of natural and mineral origin of the Crimean deposit, in the regulation of local oral immunity in children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. Material and methods. Twenty-eight children aged 11–12 years with moderate chronic catarrhal gingivitis were examined. The control group consisted of 12 healthy children of the same age. We used applications of phytopreparations on the gingiva in the treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis daily for 20 minutes, No 10. Complex for applications was essential oils of peppermint, pine, fennel, eucalyptus (1:1:1:1) on the basis of bentonite clay (10:1). Clinical and laboratory parameters were determined in the dynamics. Statistical processing was performed using the standard method of variation statistics. Comparison of the mean indices was conducted using Student’s t-criterion. Differences were considered reliable at p<0,05. Results and discussion. The criterion for the effectiveness of treatment was the positive dynamics of paraclinical indices (p<0,001). Indicators of oral dysbiosis decreased and reached values of oral microbiocenosis of healthy children. The content of sIgA increased 1,8 times (p<0,001). The level of salivary lysozyme activity increased 1,7 times (p<0,001) and reached normal values. The concentration of modified albumin decreased 1,6-fold. Conclusion. Inclusion of applications of the combination of essential oils based on bentonite clay of the Crimean deposit into the plan of treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in children contributes to a pronounced relief of the signs of inflammation in the gingiva. The proposed complex has a pathogenetic orientation in the treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis, which is confirmed by the pronounced dynamics of nonspecific immunity parameters.
Comments on a small sabretooth cat in the Abismo Ponta de Flecha Cave, Vale do Ribeira, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Chahud Artur
Published: February 2022

Vale do Ribeira, in southeastern Brazil, is known for its many caves that contain osteological material, including remains that have been referred to several extinct species. The sabertooth cat Smilodon populator was a large predator that inhabited South America during the Quaternary. A specimen that is represented in the Abismo Ponta de Flecha Cave by small forelimb bones (metacarpals and phalanges) is commented here. The metacarpals display morphological characteristics of S. populator, but are smaller than those of S. fatalis and larger than those of S. gracilis. This specimen is amongst the smallest ever found specimen of S. populator and is comparable in size to an adult lion.
The Rupturing Phenomena in the Deltaic Deposits of Cape Rytyi on the Northwestern Shore of Lake Baikal
Authors: Lunina O.V. , Gladkov A.A.
Published: February 2022

—We present materials of aerial photography of Cape Rytyi, a unique and most mysterious place on the northwestern shore of Lake Baikal. Photogrammetric survey was carried out using a DJI Phantom 4 Pro V2.0 UAV and provided an orthophoto and a digital terrain model of an 11.074 km2 area. When deciphering the images obtained in the Rita River deltaic sediments composing the cape, surface ruptures trending north and northeast at 30–150 m from the shore of Lake Baikal were discovered. The ruptures are a clearly localized zone 2.9 km in total length. The performed analysis showed that the structural features of the zone obey the general laws of the development of faults resulted from prevailing extension. It has been established that the formation of the ruptures was predetermined by tectonics and is a secondary effect of resonant oscillations from the M = 5.2 earthquake of 08.13.1962, the epicenter of which was located ~35 km southeast of Cape Rytyi, in the Morskoi fault zone. The seismic event initiated the formation of surface ruptures, which led to a gravitational subsidence of coarse deposits of the fan in the shore zone. It is concluded that the development of modern geomorphologic forms in the peripheral part of the Rita River fan on land is similar to the formation of an underwater topography in the region of the Selenga River delta. It occurs under the influence of seismogenic rupturing and following gravitational movements, which intensify in a water-saturated environment and are subsequently complicated by erosion processes.
Sustainable Recovery: 2022: Recovery With a New Trajectory?
Authors: Ben-Naceur Kamel
Published: February 2022

It’s January, and the JPT issue has a new look and a new digital edition. I would like to take the opportunity to thank the JPT staff, led by Pam Boschee and Glenda Smith, along with the JPT Editorial Review Committee, for producing exciting articles and technology news every month. For some, the move to a digital-only issue of JPT has disrupted reading and sharing habits. While I know that many of you miss having a print version, the SPE Board believes that remaining digital is the right decision as we look to the future. We’ve changed the digital edition this month. Your feedback on how we can make the digital version match your expectations is very important.

I want to take the opportunity to wish you, your family, and those who matter to you an excellent year following the roller coaster we experienced in 2021. Last year started with the hope that the rapid development of vaccines soon would be providing us protection against the COVID-19 virus. However, the numerous waves of infection (we are now in the fifth in many countries) and the various mutations of the virus have kept health authorities and governments in a reactive mode. With the number of COVID-19-related fatalities worldwide above 5 million at the end of 2021, nearly all of us had family or friends who were affected.

For the economy in general and our industry in particular, 2022 will bring a bag of uncertainties. Mohamed El-Erian, a recognized economic expert, said at 2021 ADIPEC, “The recovery from the pandemic crisis can be characterized by the U’s: uneven, unusual, uncertain.” The December 2021 OECD Economic Outlook mentions, “The rebound is losing some momentum as the surge in demand for goods has met bottlenecks in production chains. Inflation pressures have emerged in all economies.”

Among the risks associated with the large stimulus packages are bottlenecks in production chains, disruptions in commodities and energy supply, high inflation rates (which developed economies had not seen for the past 2 decades), and the loss of momentum in the economic rebound.

In terms of the upstream activity outlook, James West, senior managing director at Evercore, in an optimistic outlook recently said, “The spending cycle begins anew: 2021 was the beginning,” adding that “2022 is acceleration.” For our industry, this is great news following two sharp downcycles in less than 6 years.

The year 2021 ended on a high note. 2021 ADIPEC in Abu Dhabi was a great success from organizational, technical, and attendance standpoints. In addition to the excellent papers and panels, the exhibition attracted large numbers of visitors (in line with 2019 ADIPEC). I was impressed by the eagerness of participants to meet. The exhibition booths were busy with members that wanted to discuss innovation until the last hours of the fourth day of the conference. Great attention was given to ensure the health and safety of the participants.

I had the pleasure to attend the SPE Abu Dhabi Section dinner, and I was pleased to see how much progress has been made in diversity and inclusion.
Guest Editorial: Want To Learn Something New About DFITs? Start With an Old Book
Authors: Buijs Hernán
Published: February 2022

Early in the development of unconventional reservoirs, the industry had little choice but to rely on the toolsets handed down from decades of conventional engineering practices. Later, new tools would be crafted in the hopes of better fitting the unconventional paradigm. This presents a choice to the technical community—rely on a traditional and proven method, or one designed for the unconventional system but less tested? Recently, many hydraulic fracturing engineers have been asking themselves this question when it comes to the diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT). That includes myself, and the journey I took to find an answer culminated in a technical paper (SPE 206239) that was presented at the 2021 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.

What follows are some of that paper’s key findings which are being shared with the intent to further the discussion on best practices for those challenged with interpreting unconventional diagnostics.

The paper utilizes the concept of permeability to validate traditional minimum stress interpretations across multiple reservoir conditions by comparing DFIT fracture closure time permeability estimates with core, pressure buildup, after-closure pressure, and rate transient analysis. This author was able to further support the results by the integration of a wide range of diagnostic technologies such as fiber optics, microseismic, and, among others, DFIT numerical inversions shared through eight case histories.

Diagnostic Injections, a Long History Made Short

One of the few ways to begin a conversation with a reservoir is by pumping treated fluid at fracturing rates and analyzing how the pressure falls off with time after the injection is stopped.

The language for such dialogue and information exchange is formed by the dimensionless time function called “G-function” and was introduced by Ken Nolte in 1979.

Nolte’s innovative postulations allowed our industry to determine the expected frac geometry, its conductivity, the formation flow capacity, and the optimum hydraulic fracture design as well as the means necessary to place the treatment.

Recently introduced into industry literature is the proposed fracture closure pressure interpretation based on the fracture compliance method, interpreting an earlier, higher-stress estimation than estimates from well‑established methodologies.

The practitioner is now faced with the dilemma of finding out which fracture closure interpretation technique is correct since this has a profound impact on how fracture geometry is modeled and optimized. To answer this question, a multibasin analysis of pre-frac tests from the Russia, North Sea, Europe, North Africa, and South America regions was undertaken.
Low-Resistivity/Low-Contrast Reservoirs Increase Production in Offshore Brownfield
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: February 2022

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 202331, “Unlocking the Hidden Oil: How Low-Resistivity, Low‑Contrast Reservoirs Contributed to 800 BOPD of Production in a 30‑Year‑Old Offshore Brownfield,” by Su Li Tham, SPE, Kwang Chian Chiew, and Hamed Hassani, Petronas, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Production-enhancement opportunities in 30-year-old Field D in Balingian province, oﬀshore Sarawak, are dwindling. An in-house evaluation tool, resolution enhanced modeling (REM), was developed to evaluate and characterize thin beds or laminations. These low-resistivity/low-contrast (LR/LC) sands are commonly bypassed because conventional logging tools cannot resolve their true parametric values and the apparent log responses across these zones appeared as shaly sand. By running REM across these intervals, the properties of the thin sands could be characterized properly, improving the net pay and economics of perforating and producing these reservoirs.

Introduction

The major reservoirs of Field D were deposited in a ﬂuvial environment, resulting in channel sands, and are mainly under solution gas drive with weak aquifer and large gas-cap drive. The major sands generally are well-developed, including the implementation of water injection as a secondary recovery method in 2016 and perforation of remaining behind-casing opportunities across the ﬁeld. As the ﬁeld enters its later life, attention has been shifted to minor reservoirs in a ﬁnal eﬀort to extract remaining oil from wells before abandonment.

In the case of Field D, the focus is on the LR/LC reservoirs (Fig. 1). These reservoirs mostly are shaly sands and are localized because of their depositional environment of mouth bars and crevasses. There are exceptions, however, as observed in Well A3-S and Well C6, where the reservoirs are clean sands with a thickness of 5–10 ft; these wells likely have penetrated the center of a mouth bar or crevasse.

These LR/LC plays can be detected only by high-resolution logs or core photography. Consequently, LR/LC reservoirs are often overlooked because their properties and hydrocarbon saturation are underestimated, thereby placing them below the cutoﬀ as pay zones. Thus, reservoir characterization and subsequent estimation of reserves remain a challenge in maturing LR/LC perforation proposals.
Fast Screening Tool for Assessing the Impact of Poro-Mechanics on Fractured Reservoirs Using Dual-Porosity Flow Diagnostics
Authors: Gutierrez-Sosa Lesly , Geiger Sebastian , Doster Florian
Published: February 2022

Accounting for poro-mechanical effects in full-field reservoir simulation studies and uncertainty quantification workflows is still limited, mainly because of their high computational cost. We introduce a new approach that couples hydrodynamics and poro-mechanics with dual-porosity flow diagnostics to analyze how poro-mechanics could affect reservoir dynamics in naturally fractured reservoirs without significantly increasing computational overhead.

Our new poro-mechanically informed dual-porosity flow diagnostics account for steady-state and single-phase flow conditions in the fractured medium while the fracture-matrix fluid exchange is approximated using a physics-based transfer rate coefficient, which models two-phase flow using an analytical solution for spontaneous imbibition or gravity drainage. The deformation of the system is described by the dual-porosity poro-elastic theory, which is based on mixture theory and micromechanics to compute the effective stresses and strains of the rock matrix and fractures. The solutions to the fluid flow and rock deformation equations are coupled sequentially. The governing equations for fluid flow are discretized using a finite-volume method with two-point flux-approximation while the governing equations for poro-mechanics are discretized using the virtual element method. The solution of the coupled system considers stress-dependent permeabilities for fractures and matrix. Our framework is implemented in the open-source MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST).

We present a case study using a fractured carbonate reservoir analog to illustrate the integration of poro-mechanics within the dual-porosity flow diagnostics framework. The extended flow diagnostics calculations enable us to quickly screen how the dynamics in fractured reservoirs (e.g., reservoir connectivity, sweep efficiency, and fracture-matrix transfer rates) are affected by the complex interactions between poro-mechanics and fluid flow where changes in pore pressure and effective stress modify petrophysical properties and hence affect reservoir dynamics.

Because of the steady-state nature of the calculations and the effective coupling strategy, these calculations do not incur significant computational overheads. They provide an efficient complement to traditional reservoir simulation and uncertainty quantification workflows because they enable us to assess a broader range of reservoir uncertainties (e.g., geological, petrophysical, and hydromechanical uncertainties). The capability of studying a much broader range of uncertainties allows the comparison and ranking from a large ensemble of reservoir models and select individual candidates for more detailed full-physics reservoir simulation studies without compromising on assessing the range of uncertainties inherent to fractured reservoirs.
Mechanical Degradation of Biopolymers for Enhanced Oil Recovery Applications
Authors: Ferreira Vitor Hugo , Clinckspoor Karl , Vermelho Alane , Cardoso Veronica , Moreno Rosangela
Published: February 2022

Polymer degradation is detrimental to enhanced oil recovery (EOR) because it ultimately leads to solution viscosity loss. Molecular breakage during flow owing to high stresses, known as mechanical degradation, can occur in numerous stages during field polymer injection. One of the reasons biopolymers are promising for EOR is their enhanced mechanical stability compared to their polyacrylamide counterparts. This study presents a comparative investigation of the mechanical degradation of biopolymers with potential applications in EOR. The mechanical degradation was evaluated by flowing the solutions through a short-length capillary (internal diameter of 0.127 mm and length of 10 mm) and then testing their viscosity loss through a rheometer. Nine flow velocities were tested between 0.13 and 66 m/s (shear rates between 8.29 × 103 and 1.66 × 107 s−1) in addition to the undegraded baseline. Four biopolymers were evaluated [xanthan gum (XG), scleroglucan (SCLG), schizophyllan (SCP), and guar gum (GG)] and compared to two polyacrylamides [hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and HPAM-AMPS (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid)] that serve as benchmarks for EOR processes. All the polymers were evaluated in three different concentrations (100, 500, and 2,000 ppm) in synthetic seawater (3.01% total dissolved solids). The degradation was evaluated through the Ostwald-de Waele indices. The consistency index (K) indicates loss of overall viscosity, and the behavior index (n) accounts for the loss of pseudoplasticity. Overall, the mechanical degradation correlated positively with shear rate and negatively with polymer concentration. When increasing the polymer concentration, the dominant mechanisms at play were macromolecule extension inhibition, caused by interactions with surrounding molecules, and hydrodynamic volume reduction. The biopolymers displayed superior resistance to mechanical degradation than the synthetic ones, with XG being the most resistant polymer. In this work, the main factors for the mechanical degradation resistance of different polymers were rigidity of the polymer structure in solution and the molar mass of the polymer chains.
A Pressure Drop Prediction Model for Hydrate Slurry Based on Energy Dissipation under Laminar Flow Condition
Authors: Fu Weiqi , Yu Jing , Xu Yonghe , Wang Chenglai , Huang Bingxiang , Sun Baojiang
Published: February 2022

Hydrate formation in deepwater drilling alters the rheology of drilling fluid and increases the risk of hydrate blockage in the low-temperature and high-pressure region. Developing a proper hydrate slurry model effectively helps evaluate the flow risk of hydrate slurry and contributes to organizing an efficient hydrate management plan. In this work, a novel pressure drop prediction model for hydrate slurry is developed under the laminar flow condition based on the energy dissipation theory. The influences of interactions between pipe wall, carry liquid, and hydrate particles on the energy dissipation rates and the pressure losses are analyzed theoretically, including the wall resistance, the liquid flowing around hydrate particles, and the collision between hydrate particles. In case studies, under xanthan gum (XG) concentrations from 0.1 to 0.3% and hydrate concentrations from 1 to 9%, the wall resistance and the liquid flowing around hydrate particles hold dominant contributions in which their fractions of pressure losses are from approximately from 40 to 95% and from 5 to 60%, correspondingly. The collisions between hydrate particles contribute only within 0.2%. The increase of XG concentrations and the decrease of hydrate concentrations both rise the fractions of pressure losses induced by the wall resistance, while they decrease the fractions of pressure losses caused by the liquid flowing around hydrate particles. The reliability of the developed model is validated by the published data, and most of the calculated results have discrepancies less than ±20%.