bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twenty Years After Of Revelation and Revolution: An Interview With Jean Comaroff
Authors: Comaroff Jean , Morier-Genoud Eric
Published: September 2011

Jean Comaroff and John Comaroff's acclaimed Of Revelation and Revolution (Vol. I) has reached its 20th anniversary. SSM editor Eric Morier-Genoud takes this as an opportunity to conduct an interview with Jean Comaroff, in which they discuss Jean's intellectual trajectory and her views of the present. The interview elicits Jean Comaroff's reflections on the origins and heritage of Revelation and Revolution, and it discusses her and her husband's recent book about the privatisation of identities and religion.
Introducción: Psicología Social y Psicología Positiva
Authors: Salanova Marisa , López-Zafra Esther
Published: September 2011

La Psicología Positiva surge como una perspectiva científica complementaria a la psicología tradicional, y supone un nuevo modelo centrado en las fortalezas. Implica una nueva forma de analizar los procesos básicos frente a los traumas, trastornos y patologías (o psicología “negativa”). El estudio de las emociones placenteras, el desarrollo de las capacidades y la búsqueda de la felicidad se han convertido en aspectos centrales de la Psicología. El número especial sobre Psicología Positiva de la revista American Psychologist, que Martin Seligman y Mihaly Czikszentmihalyi editaron en 2000, promovió un avance en la investigación científica bajo este paradigma en todos los ámbitos de la Psicología y en la Psicología Social en particular. Los científicos españoles, al igual que los científicos del resto del mundo, han contribuido fuertemente al conocimiento y desarrollo de la Psicología Positiva con gran empuje y amplitud de investigación.

Con esta sección monográfica pretendemos analizar el estado de la cuestión en España con investigaciones realizadas en el ámbito de la Psicología Social. En concreto, se presenta una reflexión sobre el análisis psicosocial de la Psicología Positiva, trabajos relativos al bienestar subjetivo, psicológico y social junto a su influencia en las relaciones familiares, la inteligencia emocional y la experiencia de “flow” como experiencia positiva en el trabajo.
When good is good: A virtuous circle of self-efficacy and flow at work among teachers
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez Alma , Salanova Marisa , Cifre Eva , Schaufeli Wilmar B.
Published: September 2011

The objective of this study was to extend the channel model of flow (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975, 1990) by including self-efficacy as predictor of the challenges-skills combination, and of the flow experience itself, based on the predictions of social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1997, 2001). We conducted a two-wave longitudinal study among 258 secondary school teachers. Results, first, showed that the channel model of flow, including self-efficacy as antecedent of flow, fitted better the data. Secondly, it was observed that the more self-efficacy the more flow frequency and higher levels of challenge and skills which, in turn, predicted flow over time. Moreover, the influence of self-efficacy on flow over time was mediated by subjects' perception of the challenges and skills combination. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of integrating flow theory into the social cognitive theory.
La estructura del bienestar: el encuentro empírico de tres tradiciones
Authors: Díaz Darío , Blanco Amalio , Durán M. Mar
Published: September 2011

El estudio del bienestar constituye hoy en día uno de los capítulos de mayor relevancia y futuro más prometedor en el campo de la Psicología. Con la ayuda de dos estudios hemos analizado las relaciones existentes entre los constructos más empleados para su medición: el bienestar subjetivo (BS), el bienestar psicológico (BP), y el bienestar social (BSo). Los resultados de los análisis factoriales exploratorios indicaron una estrecha relación entre el BS y el BP, mientras que los confirmatorios nos señalaron que un modelo compuesto por dos factores oblicuos denominados bienestar personal (que incluye el BS y el BP) y bienestar social fue el que mejor se ajusta a los datos. Los resultados del segundo estudio, empleando análisis de ecuaciones estructurales, confirmaron la naturaleza relacionada pero distinta del bienestar social y la necesidad de emplear modelos que lo incluyan para aumentar su capacidad predictiva sobre variables sociales relevantes como la acción social o la anomia.
Perceived family continuity: Implications for family identification and psychological well-being
Authors: Herrera Marina , Sani Fabio , Bowe Mhairi
Published: September 2011

Research has shown that people tend to perceive the national and regional groups to which they belong as temporally persistent. In this paper we conducted two studies to investigate that the family may also be perceived as having different degrees of continuity through time, and that those perceptions have implications on family identity and psychological well-being. In the first study (N = 149; with a mean age of 23, SD = 5.7), we found that perceived family continuity was positively correlated with several family related variables (e.g., family functioning, perceived family entitativity) and with psychological well-being. Our second study (N = 152; with a mean age of 40.80, SD = 12.68), replicated and extended previous findings by showing that perceived family continuity was also positively related to generative concern. Furthermore, we tested a model which revealed that perceived family continuity had a positive influence on family identification, which in turn enhanced psychological well-being. It is argued that these findings confirm the necessity to treat the continuity of the family group and the implications of family identity on well-being.
Adaptación y validación de la MSLSS de satisfacción vital multidimensional con una muestra de adolescentes
Authors: Galindez Edurne , Casas Ferran
Published: September 2011

El objetivo de este trabajo es la adaptación y validación al castellano de la Escala de Satisfacción Vital Multidimensional de los Estudiantes (MSLSS; Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale) de Huebner (1994a). La escala se ha validado con una población de 339 estudiantes de ESO de Gipuzkoa. Se realizó un Análisis de Componentes Principales, una depuración de ítems, así como análisis de fiabilidad interna y temporal, y de validez de constructo (convergente) y concurrente. Los resultados muestran la fiabilidad de la escala y de sus subescalas y la validez de constructo, convergente y concurrente, lo que permite disponer de un instrumento fiable para la medición de la satisfacción con ámbitos de la vida (familia, amigos, sí mismo, escuela y entorno) de los adolescentes.
Dinámicas complejas en el flujo: diferencias entre trabajo y no trabajo
Authors: Navarro José , Ceja Lucia
Published: September 2011

Esta investigación se interesó por la dinámica del flujo (flow) en contextos laborales y no laborales con el objetivo de conocer diferencias y semejanzas de dicha experiencia motivational. Sesenta empleados de ocupaciones variadas contestaron un diario de flujo seis veces al día durante veintiún días consecutivos (6982 registros). Los datos fueron analizados a nivel entre e intra-sujeto y se utilizaron modelos lineales (i.e. regresión lineal) y no lineales (i.e. modelo de catástrofes) para conocer la capacidad predictiva del ajuste reto-habilidades sobre el flujo. Contextos laboral y no laboral han mostrado dos diferencias fundamentales: mayores fluctuaciones en el flujo en el segundo (desviaciones tipo mayores en las variables habilidades, disfrute, interés y absorción) y un significado distinto del reto. Por otro lado, la capacidad de predicción del modelo no lineal ha sido claramente mayor que su homólogo lineal (42% frente al 19%, en el caso del no trabajo; 44% frente a 33% en el trabajo). El flujo, tanto en contextos laborales como no laborales, muestra dinámicas no lineales que combinan cambios graduales y cambios abruptos. La investigación e intervención interesadas en este proceso deberían centrarse en la variable reto que se ha mostrado clave para entender dichas dinámicas complejas en el flujo.
Inteligencia Emocional Percibida y estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés en profesores de enseñanza primaria: propuesta de un modelo explicativo con ecuaciones estructurales (SEM)
Authors: Augusto-Landa José M. , López-Zafra Esther , Pulido-Martos Manuel
Published: September 2011

En este estudio se examinó el papel de los componentes de la Inteligencia Emocional Percibida (IEP: atención, claridad y regulación) como posibles predictores de las dimensiones de afrontamiento, en una muestra de 251 profesores de educación primaria (89 hombres y 162 mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre los 22 y 60 años (M= 39.02; SD= 11.25). Los participantes completaron un cuestionario en el que se medía la IEP, las estrategias de afrontamiento junto con los datos socio-demográficos. Proponemos un modelo mediante ecuaciones estructurales que, en su conjunto, da cuenta de un 39% de la varianza de afrontamiento de las emociones y de un 14% de afrontamiento conductual del problema. Esto indica que los sujetos con alta claridad y reparación emocional utilizan estrategias de afrontamiento conductual del problema, cognitivo del problema o centrado en las emociones.

Estos resultados apoyan el postulado propuesto por Epstein (1998) según el cual los sujetos con alta IE realizarían un afrontamiento activo de las situaciones estresantes. Las implicaciones y limitaciones del estudio son explicadas en el presente artículo.
El apoyo social como un mediador de la inteligencia emocional percibida y la satisfacción vital en una muestra de profesorado
Authors: Rey Lourdes , Extremera Natalio
Published: September 2011

El presente estudio analiza el papel del apoyo social percibido como un posible mediador en la relación entre inteligencia emocional percibida (IEP) y la satisfacción con la vida en una muestra de 123 profesores, con edades comprendidas entre los 21 y 65 años. La muestra cumplimentó una escala de inteligencia emocional percibida, un instrumento de apoyo social y la escala de satisfacción con la vida junto con datos socio-demográficos. Como se esperaba, la IEP del profesorado se relacionó positivamente con mayores niveles de satisfacción vital así como con una mayor percepción de apoyo social tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo. Además, los resultados de los análisis de mediación múltiple indicaron que la IEP tenía un efecto significativo directo, pero también indirecto (a través del apoyo social cuantitativo), sobre la satisfacción vital del profesorado. El presente estudio contribuye a la comprensión de los procesos subyacentes implicados en cómo las personas con más IEP presentan mejor bienestar. Finalmente, se discuten aportaciones de estos resultados para su aplicación en futuros programas de intervención para la mejora del bienestar subjetivo.
Merry Christmas and Happy New Year! The impact of Christmas rituals on subjective well-being and family's emotional climate
Authors: Páez Darío , Bilbao M. Ángeles , Bobowik Magdalena , Campos Miryam , Basabe Nekane
Published: September 2011

This study assessed subjective well-being before and after Christmas and New Year holidays. In contradiction to lay beliefs about these holidays, stress and conflict caused by its experience was weak, while participation in rituals was high and satisfactory, and positive emotions were dominant. High frequency of participation in ritualised family celebrations increased positive well-being: satisfaction with life, perceived social well-being, and the balance of affective well-being. Satisfaction with rituals had an impact on positive affect, satisfaction with life and positive family climate, while participation frequency was more relevant for social support and lower loneliness level. Conflict experienced during Christmas increased negative affect and negative emotional family climate, while it undermined positive affect, satisfaction with life and social well-being.
A Global Multimoment Constrained Finite-Volume Scheme for Advection Transport on the Hexagonal Geodesic Grid
Authors: Chen Chungang , Bin Juzhong , Xiao Feng
Published: September 2011

A third-order numerical model is developed for global advection transport computation. The multimoment constrained finite-volume scheme has been implemented to the hexagonal geodesic grid for spherical geometry. Two kinds of moments (i.e., point value and volume-integrated average) are used as the constraint conditions to derive the time evolution equations to update the computational variables, which are the values defined at the specified points over each mesh element in the present model. The numerical model has rigorous numerical conservation and third-order accuracy. One of the major merits of the present method is that it does not explicitly involve numerical quadrature, which leads to great convenience in accurately computing curved geometry and source terms. The present paper provides an accurate and practical formulation for advection calculation in the hexagonal-type geodesic grid.
Challenging the Heteronormativity of Marriage: The Role of Judicial Interpretation and Authority
Authors: Johnson Paul
Published: September 2011

This article considers three recent court judgments that resulted from challenges by homosexual men and women to laws that prohibited them from contracting civil marriage. In examining these judgments, my focus is on the different ways in which courts interpret the social, cultural and legal heteronormativity of marriage. Whilst the issue of judicial interpretations of heteronormativity has not been a significant cause for concern in either lay or academic discourse, I argue that judicial ‘ways of thinking’ about heteronormativity are vitally important in both the reproduction and disruption of heteronormative law. To demonstrate this, I show how the standpoint of sitting judges in respect of heteronormativity was a key factor determining the outcome of the cases considered here. In contrast to popular accounts of these standpoints, which focus on the ‘activism’ of individual judges, I argue that judicial standpoints that are critical of heteronormativity reflect social, rather than personal, ‘points of view’. In conclusion, I argue that current debates about judicial diversity must acknowledge the importance of these interpretative standpoints within the law and the social processes through which they are both produced and maintained.
Getting the Bingo Hall Back Again? Gender, Gambling Law Reform, and Regeneration Debates in a District Council Licensing Board
Authors: Bedford Kate
Published: September 2011

This article explores the gendered nature of gambling promotion as a modality of economic regeneration in the aftermath of the Gambling Act 2005. Using an exploratory case study of a district council licensing board, I examine how the gambling forms that reflect women’s gambling cultures are faring under the current legal environment, focusing on the apparent contrast between casino promotion and bingo neglect. I ask what this reveals about the intertwining of legal reform, gender, and perceptions of worthwhile risk-taking in attempts to promote local development. In particular I probe the discrepancy between the state’s legal regime (more restrictive of casinos than bingo halls) and local actors’ regeneration ambitions (centred on casinos). In this way I examine what local legal actors ‘see’ as being legally and economically necessary or possible as they encounter a new legislative landscape around gambling.
Management of residual mass in nonseminomatous germ cell tumors following chemotherapy
Authors: Daneshmand Siamak , Djaladat Hooman , Nichols Craig
Published: September 2011

Advanced stage nonseminomatous testis cancer is commonly treated with chemotherapy and surgical resection. Patients with retroperitoneal residual masses >1cm following induction chemotherapy with normalized tumor markers should undergo a post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Post chemotherapy retroperitoneal residual mass less than 1 cm with normal markers may be considered as complete response, although the possibility of residual teratoma and viable germ cell tumor are not definitively ruled out. Excellent long term disease free survival following surveillance may justify this option as the treatment of choice in this cohort of patients.
Surgery for high-risk localized prostate cancer
Authors: Schmitges Jan , Trinh Quoc-Dien , Walz Jochen , Graefen Markus
Published: September 2011

Treatment of men with high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) remains challenging for urologists. The complex natural history of high-risk PCa and the lack of specific and accurate definitions for high-risk disease impede treatment decision making. Historically, surgery in this patient group has been avoided based on the perception of ostensibly higher complication rates associated with inferior functional and oncological outcomes. To date, no randomized data comparing different therapy approaches have been made available. Several investigators have reported that continence rates in patients after radical prostatectomy (RP) for high-risk disease seem to be unaffected. Similarly, in a large proportion of these men, a nerve-sparing procedure can be performed without a significant negative impact on surgical margin rates and with comparable potency results. Moreover, extended pelvic lymph node dissection (EPLND) contributes to accurate pathological staging with a marginal effect on perioperative morbidity. With regards to the benefits of RP on local recurrence and cure rates, realistic expectations regarding the success of RP alone or in the context of a multimodal approach should be provided during patient counseling.
Long-term consequences after exposure to antiepileptic drugs in utero
Authors: Forsberg Lisa , Wide Katarina
Published: September 2011

Most pregnant women with epilepsy need pharmacological treatment during pregnancy. Children exposed to antiepileptic drugs have an increased risk of being born with major malformations. Some antiepileptic drugs seem to have negative effects on psychomotor or cognitive development in children exposed during foetal life. Neither carbamazepine nor lamotrigine in monotherapy seem to affect the cognition of exposed children. Several studies have shown negative effects on the long-term neurodevelopment of children prenatally exposed to valproic acid or polytherapy (two or more antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy). For most of the newer antiepileptic drugs there are insufficient data regarding long-term outcome.
Low-temperature synthesis of MgB2 superconductors
Authors: Ma Z Q , Liu Y C
Published: September 2011

MgB2 superconductors have the outstanding potential to be integrated into diverse commercial applications. However, the critical current density J c in MgB2 is still smaller compared with expectations for an optimised material in these applications. Various flux pinning mechanisms are introduced into MgB2 superconductors to improve J c by different methods, including irradiation, chemical doping and ball milling. On the other hand, these methods mainly focused on the enhancement of pinning, but always neglect or even worsen the grain connectivity, which limits the further improvement in J c. Recently, the low-temperature synthesised MgB2 exhibits improved J c due to the increases in both the grain connectivity and flux pinning. Ball milling pre-treatment of original powders, usage of different Mg-based precursors and the additions of different metal or alloys are employed to enhance the sintering efficiency of MgB2 at low temperature. Among them, the minor metal or alloy additions are proved to be the most convenient, effective and inexpensive way in accelerating the fabrication of MgB2 superconductors at low temperature. Combining the advantages of metal-activated sintering and carbon doping, it is also proposed that the low-cost MgB2 superconductors with further improved J c will be rapidly synthesised at low temperature with metal and carbon-based chemical co-doping.
Concise Synthesis of Deformylflustrabromine, a Marine Indole Alkaloid, through a 2-Propynyl Dicobalt Hexacarbonyl Complex
Authors: Isaji Hisaaki , Nakazaki Atsuo , Isobe Minoru , Nishikawa Toshio
Published: September 2011

Deformylflustrabromine, a marine indole alkaloid, was synthesized from 6-bromotryptamine, a plausible biosynthetic precursor, without protection of the amino group by a two-step reverse prenylation involving the Nicholas reaction and reductive decomplexation of the resulting acetylene dicobalt hexacarbonyl complex.
Superuniform Molecular Nanogate Fabrication on Graphene Sheets of Single Wall Carbon Nanohorns for Selective Molecular Separation of CO2 and CH4
Authors: Ohba Tomonori , Kanoh Hirofumi , Kaneko Katsumi
Published: September 2011

Superuniform nanosized gates (nanogates; 0.41 ± 0.02 nm in size) were donated on graphene sheets of single wall carbon nanohorn (SWCNH) particles by controlled oxidation. Super-uniform nanogate donation confers high molecular selectivity and large adsorption capacity upon SWCNH. The molecular selectivity of CO2 over CH4 attains 17 below 0.01 MPa by the nanogate separation.
Self-Signaling and the Costs and Benefits of Temptation in Consumer Choice
Authors: Dhar Ravi , Wertenbroch Klaus
Published: September 2011

The literature on self-control emphasizes that temptation is costly. The authors propose that temptation entails not only costs but also benefits for consumers. These arise from self-signaling effects of how consumers handle tempting choice options. Succumbing to temptation is a (costly) self-signal of weak willpower, whereas resisting temptation is a (beneficial) self-signal of strong willpower. Five experiments demonstrate that these self-signaling costs and benefits of temptation depend not only on the chosen item but also on the temptation from the nonchosen options. The authors discuss theoretical implications of their findings for research on impulsive choice and self-control and on self-signaling and managerial implications for pricing and assortment strategies.
Dreamland and Disillusion: Interview with Dai Sil Kim-Gibson
Authors: Ratner Megan
Published: September 2011

An interview with the Korean American documentary filmmaker Dai Sil Kim-Gibson, in which she reflects on her own life as a migrant and on her desire to make films that give visibility to marginalized histories.
HIV/AIDS Research Conducted in the Developing World and Sponsored by the Developed World: Reporting of Research Ethics Committee Review in Two Countries
Authors: Chin Lisa Judy , Rifai-Bashjawish Hoda , Kleinert Kelly , Saltman Alexandra , Leu Cheng-Shiun , Klitzman Robert
Published: September 2011

We explored how often journal articles reporting HIV research sponsored by a developed country, but conducted in a developing country, mention research ethics committee (REC) approval from both countries, and what factors are involved. Of all such 2007 articles on Medline conducted in one of four developing countries (N = 154), only 52% mentioned such dual approval. Mention of dual vs. single approval was more likely among articles with ≥ 50% sponsor country authors, and the United States as the sponsor country. Also, dual approval was more likely among articles that mentioned informed consent and funding, had ≥ 50% sponsor country authors, were biomedical (vs. psychosocial), and appeared in journals adopting International Committee Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines. Dual approval was thus obtained in only half of the articles and was associated with ethical and logistic issues, indicating the need for clearer and more universally accepted guidelines.
Does the Body Move the Soul? The Impact of Arousal on Music Preference
Authors: Schäfer Thomas , Sedlmeier Peter
Published: September 2011

people often report changes in emotional arousal when listening to their preferred music. Can this subjective impression be related to objective physiological measures? And if so, does preference induce arousal or could arousal also influence preference? In Study 1, participants listened to 18 pieces of music and rated the strength of preference as well as their experienced emotional arousal for each piece. In addition, physiological arousal was measured via heart rate, skin conductance, and respiration rate. Results showed that subjective reports about emotional arousal were much more closely connected to the strength of music preference than were physiological measures such as heart rate or skin conductance. The two types of arousal (emotional, physiological) were not substantially associated with each other. In Study 2, we manipulated physiological arousal while one group of participants watched their faces in a mirror during music listening. Effects on music preference differed: For a given piece of unknown music, higher induced arousal yielded higher preference ratings. However, this result only held when the music was not too complex. The results indicated that arousal was not solely a consequence of listening to preferred music but might also be a potent determinant of music preference.
The Effects of Stimulus Rate and Tapping Rate on Tapping Performance
Authors: Zendel Benjamin Rich , Ross Bernhard , Fujioka Takako
Published: September 2011

when finger taps are synchronized with an isochronous click, it is known that tap-click asynchrony and its variability increase with the interonset interval (IOI). It remains unclear whether these results are due to the IOI or the intertap interval (ITI) duration. The present study examines how these two factors influence tapping performance by altering the tap-click ratio (i.e., 1:n tapping). It has been shown that holding the ITI constant while decreasing the IOI—so that extra clicks subdivide each tap—results in a reduction of tapping variability, described as a subdivision benefit (Repp, 2003). Two questions remain: Does asynchrony and variability increase with the ITI while holding the IOI constant? Does asynchrony decrease with the IOI while holding ITI constant? Using linear regression, both asynchrony and variability decreased with the IOI, with little additional effect of ITI. In contrast, when using ITI as a predictor, the contribution of IOI was significant, suggesting that IOI is the main determinant of tapping performance. In addition, an ANOVA revealed a disadvantage for 1:3 tapping, supporting a categorical distinction between duple and triple meters since 1:n tapping can engender the subjective feel of different metric structures.
Rhythmic Abilities of Adolescents and Adults with Williams Syndrome
Authors: Martínez-Castilla Pastora , Sotillo María , Campos Ruth
Published: September 2011

although rhythmic abilities have often been described as strengths within the cognitive profile of individuals with Williams syndrome (WS), the literature in this respect is limited and has offered inconsistent results. In this study, 20 adolescents and adults with WS and a control group of 40 typically developing individuals matched for chronological age were presented with a rhythmic patterns discrimination task and a rhythmic patterns reproduction task. Individuals with WS performed significantly lower than their control peers in both tasks. In addition, rhythmic impairments in WS were explained by the cognitive deficits that are characteristic of the syndrome. These results suggest that rhythmic performance in individuals with WS is affected by their cognitive deficits and that rhythmic skills in WS are not independent of general cognition.
Beyond Demand: Investigating Spontaneous Evaluation of Chord Progressions with the Affective Priming Paradigm
Authors: Müller Mira , Klein Julian , Jacobsen Thomas
Published: September 2011

We assume that evaluative processes in response to musical stimuli can occur spontaneously without explicit demand, and that these responses are important for the emergence of emotions evoked by music. Two versions of the affective priming paradigm served to study spontaneous evaluation of music. In Experiment 1, a lexical decision task (LDT) and in Experiments 2 and 3, an evaluative decision task (EDT) was employed. A total of 20 original four-part, five-chord piano sequences with no specified harmonic resolution were used as primes. During the LDT, congruency in valence of prime-target pairs did not affect response times to the targets. However, for the EDT, significant effects of priming were obtained, indicating that spontaneous evaluations of primes must have occurred. No moderating influences of music expertise or any other person variable on spontaneous evaluation were observed. The diverging results of LDT and EDT point to the possibility that spontaneous evaluative processes are sensitive to context manipulations. Results are discussed with reference to harmonic and semantic priming studies.
Nanofluidic behavior on potassium chloride solution in zeolite Y
Authors: Qiao Yu , Chen Xi , Han Aijie
Published: September 2011

Nanofluidic behavior has been an active area of research for the past decade. In addition to modifying nanopore size and surface properties, another important way to adjust system performance is to control the liquid composition. In the current study, we investigate the influence of electrolyte concentration on the infiltration behavior, as well as its dependence on temperature. A hydrophilic zeolite Y can be soaked in pure water, while with the addition of an electrolyte it can’t be soaked spontaneously. It is noticed that the effective solid–liquid interfacial tension in nanopores is highly sensitive to the electrolyte concentration, which may be related to the unique confinement environment in nanoporous material. As a result, with the electrolyte concentration varying, the effective interfacial tension changes rapidly. This phenomenon can be attributed to the amplification effect of nanopore surfaces on the solid–liquid interaction. It provides a scientific basis for developing smart liquids for various temperature and pressure ranges.
Development of a Sensitive Bead-Based Assay for Enhanced Monoclonal Antibody Detection
Authors: Ruidíaz Manuel E. , Mendez Natalie , Sanchez Ana B. , Messmer Bradley T. , Kummel Andrew C.
Published: September 2011

Monoclonal antibodies are increasingly used in the treatment of cancer due to their enhanced targeting and immune system stimulation properties. Dosage guidelines typically do not account for personal cancer load or metabolism, thereby possibly affecting treatment outcome or causing unwanted side effects. The requirement for an assay that can quickly and precisely measure the concentration of the monoclonal antibody in a serum sample of a patient during therapy is unmet. A bead-based assay with peptide antigen mimetics has been developed to rapidly determine the concentration of antibody drug present in serum specimens with high sensitivity. Alemtuzumab (anti-CD52) and rituximab (anti-CD20) antigen mimetic peptides, as discovered by phage display, were synthesized on 10 um TentaGel resin beads using conventional solid phase peptide synthesis techniques. The beads were modified to allow for multiplexing and microfluidic handling via fluorescent labeling and magnetic functionalization. The antigen-displaying fluoromagnetic particles were incubated with spiked serum samples which allowed free antibody to be captured. Primary antibody detection was performed on alemtuzumab while rituximab detection was used to compensate for non-specific serum binding to the beads. After washing, the beads were incubated with a fluorescently tagged secondary label for detection by flow cytometry. (Results) A fast, low cost, specific assay has been developed with several key techniques which allows detection at low concentration (0.1ug/ml) of spiked samples. Primary to achieving this detection limit was the implementation of a compensation scheme where two antigen mimetic peptides behave linearly (R2=0.996) which enables the calculation of the zero response of the antigen mimetic peptide of interest (alemtuzumab antigen mimetic) while measuring the zero response of the compensatory antigen mimetic peptide (rituximab antigen mimetic) during primary assay measurement. This reduces fluorescence response variation due to variations present due to sample preparation, storage and different patients because of the equivalent interactions these effects have on the compensatory beads. The developed assay is therefore robust against serum variation and enables a lower limit of detection.
Controlling Phoretic Swimmer Trajectory
Authors: Ebbens Stephen , Sadeghi Alireza , Howse Jonathan , Golestanian Ramin , Jones Richard
Published: September 2011

Individually propulsive catalytic Janus particle swimmers are observed to self-assemble into aggregate swimmers with a wide variety of translational and rotational velocities. The trajectory for a given doublet is shown to be determined by the frozen in relative orientation of the particles. The new swimmers suggest applications as transport and mixing devices, and will allow study of the interplay between propulsion and Brownian phenomena. Furthermore this random assembly process can be controlled using external magnetic fields to orientate individual ferromagnetic swimming particles so as to favor the production of swimmers with particular desirable configurations resulting in linear trajectories. This approach also produces swimmers that can be orientated, and so “steered” by external fields.
Fabrication of Crystalline Semiconductor Nanowires by Vapor-Liquid-Solid Glancing Angle Deposition (VLS-GLAD) Technique
Authors: Alagoz Arif S. , Karabacak Tansel
Published: September 2011

Vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) method has become one of the few and most powerful bottom-up single crystal nanowire growth techniques in nanotechnology due to its easy scalability from micro to nano feature sizes, high throughput, relatively low cost, and its applicability to various semiconductor materials. On the other hand, control of growth direction and crystal orientation of nanowires, which determine their electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, stand as major issues in VLS technique. In this study, we demonstrate a new vapor-liquid-solid glancing angle deposition (VLS-GLAD) fabrication approach to produce crystalline semiconductor nanowires with controlled geometry. VLS-GLAD is a physical vapor deposition nanowire fabrication approach based on selective deposition of nanowire source atoms onto metal catalyst nanoislands placed on a crystal wafer. In this technique, collimated obliquely incident flux of source atoms selectively deposit on catalyst islands by using “shadowing effect”. Geometrical showing effect combined with conventional VLS growth mechanism leads to the growth of tilted crystalline semiconductor nanowire arrays. In this study, we report morphological and structural properties of tilted single crystal germanium nanowire arrays fabricated by utilizing a conventional thermal evaporation system. In addition to the tilted geometry, by introducing substrate rotation, nanowires with various morphologies including helical, zig-zag, or vertical shapes can be fabricated. Engineering crystalline nanowire morphology by using VLS-GLAD have the potential of enabling control of optical, electrical, and mechanical properties of these nanostructures leading to the development of novel 3D nano-devices.
First-principles study of Oxygen deficiency in rutile Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Lee Hsin-Yi , Clark Stewart J. , Robertson John
Published: September 2011

The energy levels of the different charge states of an oxygen vacancy and titanium interstitial in rutile TiO2 were calculated using the screened exchange (sX) hybrid functional [1]. The sX method gives 3.1 eV for the band gap of rutile TiO2, which is close to the experimental value. We report the defect formation energy of the oxygen deficient structure. It is found that the defect formation energies, for the neutral charge state, of oxygen vacancy and titanium interstitial are quite similar, 2.40 eV and 2.45 eV respectively, for an oxygen chemical potential of the O-poor condition. The similar size of these two calculated energies indicates that both are a cause of oxygen deficiency, as observed experimentally [2]. The transition energy level of oxygen vacancy lies within the band gap, corresponding to the electrons located at adjacent titanium sites. The sX method gives a correct description of the localization of defect charge densities, which is not the case for GGA [3-6].
Growth of TiO2 thin films on Si(001) and SiO2 by reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering
Authors: Magnus F. , Agnarsson B. , Ingason A. S. , Leosson K. , Olafsson S. , Gudmundsson J. T.
Published: September 2011

Thin TiO2 films were grown on Si(001) and SiO2 substrates by reactive dc magnetron sputtering (dcMS) and high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) at temperatures ranging from 300 to 700 °C. Both dcMS and HiPIMS produce polycrystalline rutile TiO2 grains, embedded in an amorphous matrix, despite no postannealing taking place. HiPIMS results in significantly larger grains, approaching 50% of the film thickness at 700 °C. In addition, the surface roughness of HiPIMS-grown films is below 1 nm rms in the temperature range 300–500 °C which is an order of magnitude lower than that of dcMS-grown films. The results show that smooth, rutile TiO2 films can be obtained by HiPIMS at relatively low growth temperatures, without postannealing.
Phosphorescent Organic Light-emitting Devices to Sense Contact Stresses
Authors: Cao X. A. , Zhang Y. Q.
Published: September 2011

We studied the electrical and optical responses of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with green and red phosphorescent dyes doped in a polymer matrix to compressive stresses. The green OLED converted stresses as low as 6.8 kPa into measurable and reversible changes in both current density and electroluminescence (EL) intensity. The current showed a nearly linear characteristic response with sensitivity up to 205 μA kPa-1, whereas the EL intensity decreased by over three orders of magnitude at 107 kPa. In contrast, stress-induced modulations in current and light intensity were noticeable in the red OLED only above 160 kPa. The discrepancy has been attributed to different rates of stress-enhanced back exciton energy transfer between guest and host molecules, which quenches the EL of the green OLED, but has a much smaller impact on the performance of the red OLED. It is expected that similar green phosphorescent OLEDs built on large curved surfaces may directly image stress distributions and sense touch on a par with a human finger.
Effect of Light Intensity on Schottky Barrier Widths and I-V Characteristics of Polymer Heterojunction Photodiodes
Authors: Guvenc Ali Bilge , Ozkan Cengiz , Ozkan Mihrimah
Published: September 2011

The Schottky barriers that forms on the interface between aluminum and organic semiconductor of polymer heterojunction photodiodes based on poly(3-hexylthiophene): [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methylester blend, has been investigated according to Mott-Schottky curves. We focused on the effect of light intensity on the Schottky barrier widths and I-V characteristics of the devices. Comparison of the mathematical models and experimental data measured under different light intensities indicate a dependency of Schottky barrier to the light intensity.
Design of CdS Quantum Dots / Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Hybrid Structures for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Mammeri Fayna , Ballarin Andrea , Giraud Marion , Vivet Lydie , Herbst Frederic , Connan Carole , Chehimi Mohamed M. , Brusatin Giovanna , Ammar Souad
Published: September 2011

This paper presents the preparation of multi-walled carbone nanotubes (CNTs) and CdS nanoparticles based hybrid materials. We aim at comparing two kinds of CNTs’ functionalization by thiol groups in order to demonstrate that the surface chemistry done on the CNTs can direct the morphology of the nanohybrids. Indeed, strong oxidation of CNTs leads to shorter nanotubes opened at their ends, allowing the grafting of mercaptotriethoxysilane whereas the generation of diazonium salts in presence of pristine nanotubes should lead to the functionalization of the whole lateral surface of the nanotubes. CdS nanoparticles can then be anchored to thiol groups, leading to interesting hybrid precursors for photovoltaic applications.
The diamond-solution interface: the surface energy of hydrogen terminated nanocrystalline CVD diamond derived from contact angle measurements
Authors: Janssens Stoffe D. , Drijkoningen Sien , Saitner Marc , Boyen Hans-Gerd , Haenen Ken , Wagner Patrick
Published: September 2011

In this work, a determination of the surface energy for hydrogen terminated nanocrystalline diamond grown with microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition is presented. Five identical hydrogen terminated nanocrystalline diamond layers of ~150 nm thick are deposited on silicon substrates and examined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the surface groups and possible surface contaminations. In order to evaluate the surface energy, contact angle measurements are performed using the sessile drop method in combination with data analysis based on the ‘Owens, Wendt, Rabel and Kaelble’ method. Four different experimental approaches to evaluate the surface energy of hydrogen terminated nanocrystalline diamond are discussed.
Magnetoelectric properties of BST/LSMO particulate composites
Authors: Beltran-Huarac Juan , Martinez R. , Palai R.
Published: September 2011

Currently, ferroelectric and ferromagnetic particulate composites are receiving a great deal of interest due to their novel applications in microelectronic devices. Their excellent properties such as high relative dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, strong tunability, and ferromagnetism with colossal magnetoresistance can be controlled by manipulating both electric and magnetic fields. Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 /La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (BST/LSMO) composite was prepared with 20:1 wt% by a high temperature solid-state reaction route. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the formation and the coexistence of both phases corresponding to BST and LSMO. High resolution field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed a uniform distribution of the grain size throughout the surface of the sample and the presence of all the constituent elements with its esteemed reaction stoichiometry, respectively. In spite of the presence of both phases, only one transition peak was seen (50Hz-5MHz) around 295 K in dielectric measurement suggesting a nonlinear magnetoelectric coupling. The dielectric properties of BST/LSMO composite carried with different magnetic fields (0-1.7 T) show significant change in the BST dielectric behavior at low frequencies. The M-H curves at room temperature (RT) showed a drop in the saturation magnetization compared with pure LSMO is consistent with our composite structures.
Forming Gradient Multilayer (GML) Nano Films for Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Gilman Boris , Altman Igor
Published: September 2011

For successful implementation of the nanomaterial-based PV and Energy storage devices there is a need for well-structured nano films consisting of a strictly controlled sequence of nanoparticle layers. Most promising nano-films include a “built-in” gradient of a nanoparticle size and/or material composition across the part or entire thickness of the film. Such Gradient Multilayer (GML) nano films will be able to significantly improve a PV efficiency of the 3rd generation Solar Cells and Energy storage devices. The development of GML-based devices is presently limited by lack of simple, inexpensive, scalable, and production-worthy deposition methods that are capable of forming GML nano-film on PV-suitable substrates such as flexible materials.

The proposed concept describes novel principles of an advanced non-conventional deposition of the highly efficient GML nano films.

The proposed GML deposition method is based on the phenomena of Flying Particles (FP). According to the FP-methods a pre-selected mix of nanoparticles (NP) of various size and/or material composition is deposited on a flexible (or other) substrate in a pre-defined order of NP size and/or composition thus forming GML nano film. Deposited GML film comprises a sequence of size-tuned and/or composition-tuned NP layers, which has a potential for significant increase of PV efficiency.

The deposition process includes the NPs launch and flight through a resistant gas ambient. Due to the Stokes aerodynamic laws the FP times-to-target will be different for NP of a different size and/or density (material composition). Simulation is presented to confirm the separation of FP”s of a different size and/or density during their motion through the low-pressure gas. The calculations have been made for the initial stages of the FP process thus establishing the most efficient parameters of the process. Resultant GML nano films are expected to have superior qualities, particularly for building high efficiency / low cost PV panels. The FP-method allows for a fast development and easy implementation in PV manufacturing.
DEMUX SiC optical transducers for fluorescent proteins detection
Authors: Vieira M. , Louro P. , Vieira M. A. , Fernandes M. , Costa J.
Published: September 2011

This paper presents results on the optimization of multilayered a-SiC:H heterostructures that can be used as an optical transducer for fluorescent proteins detection. Stacked structures composed by p-i-n based a-SiC:H cells are used as wavelength selective devices, in the visible range. The transfer characteristics of the transducers are studied both theoretically and experimentally under several wavelength illuminations corresponding to different fluorophores and tested for a proper fine tuning in the violet, cyan and yellow wavelengths. The devices were characterized through spectral response measurements under different electrical and optical bias conditions and excitation frequencies. Results show that the output waveform is balanced by the wavelength and frequency of each input fluorescent signal, keeping the memory of the wavelength and intensity of the incoming optical carriers. To selectively recover a single wavelength a specific voltage or optical bias is applied.
Thermal and elastic properties of Ge-Sb-Te based phase-change materials
Authors: Zalden P. , Bichara C. , Eijk J. v. , Hermann R. P. , Sergueev I. , Bruns G. , Buller S. , Bensch W. , Matsunaga T. , Yamada N. , Wuttig M.
Published: September 2011

Phase-change materials undergo a change in bonding mechanism upon crystallization, which leads to pronounced modifications of the optical properties and is accompanied by an increase in average bond lengths as seen by extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), neutron and x-ray diffraction. The reversible transition between a crystalline and an amorphous phase and its related property contrast are already employed in non-volatile data storage devices, such as rewritable optical discs and electronic memories. The crystalline phase of the prototypical material GeSb2Te4 is characterized by resonant bonding and pronounced disorder, which help to understand their optical and electrical properties, respectively. A change in bonding, however, should also affect the thermal properties, which will be addressed in this study. Based on EXAFS data analyses it will be shown that the thermal and static atomic displacements are larger in the meta-stable crystalline state. This indicates that the bonds become softer in the crystalline phase. At the same time, the bulk modulus increases upon crystallization. These observations are confirmed by the measured densities of phonon states (DPS), which reveal a vibrational softening of the optical modes upon crystallization. This demonstrates that the change of bonding upon crystallization in phase-change materials also has a profound impact on the lattice dynamics and the resulting thermal properties.