bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alterations in aortic elasticity indices among type 2 diabetes patients in a low and middle income country using M-mode echocardiography: A cross-sectional comparative study
Authors: Dang Hai Nguyen Ngoc , Luong Thang Viet , Nguyen Khoi Quan , Nguyen Uyen Ngoc Phuong , Pham Nguyen Nguyen Khoi , Tran Hieu Thi Nguyen , Tran Hung Khanh , Cao Mai Thi Thu , Ho Binh Anh , Doan Thang Chi , Nguyen Hung Minh , Anh Hoang Tien , Van Huynh Minh
Published: October 2024

Background

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of noncommunicable diseases worldwide. It is known to induce cardiovascular remodeling, which can result in a variety of complications, including a considerable increase in aortic stiffness. While studies in Western populations have explored these effects, data on Asians, mainly Vietnamese, are limited. This study aimed to assess aortic elasticity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients compared to healthy individuals.

Methods

This quantitative, cross-sectional study compared aortic elasticity indices between individuals with T2DM and healthy controls in Vietnam. Aortic elasticity indices were assessed for all participants using M-mode echocardiography.

Results

A comparison between the healthy and T2DM groups revealed substantial differences in aortic elasticity indices. The aortic stiffness index (ASI) was significantly greater in the T2DM group than in the control group, with median values of 6.10 (3.64–12.47) and 3.79 (2.40–8.50), respectively (p = 0.003). Aortic strain (AS) was substantially lower in the T2DM group than in the control group, with median values of 8.21% (4.24–13.07) and 10.66% (6.01–18.23), respectively (p = 0.039). Furthermore, the median aortic compliance (AC, 10-2mm/mmHg) and aortic distensibility (AD, 10-3mmHg-1) in individuals with T2DM were 4.07 (2.28–7.44) and 3.08 (1.57–5.26), respectively, lower than those in the control group, with median values of 6.40 (3.08–10.75) and 5.33 (2.80–9.79). A longer diabetes duration was linked to a greater ASI (r = 0.43, p < 0.05), while the AS decreased (r = -0.37, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Substantial variations in aorta elasticity indices were found in patients with T2DM using M-mode echocardiography. These differences highlight the impact of T2DM on vascular health. More research is needed to investigate the consequences of these discrepancies and their significance for clinical purposes.
Non-contact lower limb injuries in Rugby Union: A two-year pattern recognition analysis of injury risk factors
Authors: Evans Seren Lois , Owen Robin , Whittaker Gareth , Davis Oran Elphinstone , Jones Eleri Sian , Hardy James , Owen Julian
Published: October 2024

The cause of sport injuries are multifactorial and necessitate sophisticated statistical approaches for accurate identification of risk factors predisposing athletes to injury. Pattern recognition analyses have been adopted across sporting disciplines due to their ability to account for repeated measures and non-linear interactions of datasets, however there are limited examples of their use in injury risk prediction. This study incorporated two-years of rigorous monitoring of athletes with 1740 individual weekly data points across domains of training load, performance testing, musculoskeletal screening, and injury history parameters, to be one of the first to employ a pattern recognition approach to predict the risk factors of specific non-contact lower limb injuries in Rugby Union. Predictive models (injured vs. non-injured) were generated for non-contact lower limb, non-contact ankle, and severe non-contact injuries using Bayesian pattern recognition from a pool of 36 Senior Academy Rugby Union athletes. Predictors for non-contact lower limb injuries included dorsiflexion angle, adductor strength, and previous injury history (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) = 0.70) Dorsiflexion angle parameters were also predictive of non-contact ankle injuries, along with slower sprint times, greater body mass, previous concussion, and previous ankle injury (ROC = 0.76). Predictors of severe non-contact lower limb injuries included greater differences in mean training load, slower sprint times, reduced hamstring and adductor strength, reduced dorsiflexion angle, greater perceived muscle soreness, and playing as a forward (ROC = 0.72). The identification of specific injury risk factors and useable thresholds for non-contact injury risk detection in sport holds great potential for coaches and medical staff to modify training prescriptions and inform injury prevention strategies, ultimately increasing player availability, a key indicator of team success.
Stimulation of insulin secretion induced by low 4-cresol dose involves the RPS6KA3 signalling pathway
Authors: Brial François , Puel Géraldine , Gonzalez Laurine , Russick Jules , Auld Daniel , Lathrop Mark , Poirier Roseline , Matsuda Fumihiko , Gauguier Dominique
Published: October 2024

4-cresol (4-methylphenol, p-cresol) is a xenobiotic substance negatively correlated with type 2 diabetes and associated with health improvement in preclinical models of diabetes. We aimed at refining our understanding of the physiological role of this metabolite and identifying potential signalling mechanisms. Functional studies revealed that 4-cresol does not deteriorate insulin sensitivity in human primary adipocytes and exhibits an additive effect to that of insulin on insulin sensitivity in mouse C2C12 myoblasts. Experiments in mouse isolated islets showed that 4-cresol potentiates glucose induced insulin secretion. We demonstrated the absence of off target effects of 4-cresol on a panel of 44 pharmacological compounds. Screening large panels of 241 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and 468 kinases identified binding of 4-cresol only to TNK1, EIF2AK4 (GCN2) and RPS6KA3 (RSK2), a kinase strongly expressed in human and rat pancreatic islets. Islet expression of RPS6KA3 is reduced in spontaneously diabetic rats chronically treated with 4-cresol and Rps6ka3 deficient mice exhibit reduction in both body weight and fasting glycemia, modest improvement in glycemic control and enhanced insulin release in vivo. Similar to low doses of 4-cresol, incubation of isolated rat islets with low concentrations of the RPS6KA3 inhibitor BIX 02565 stimulates both glucose induced insulin secretion and β-cell proliferation. These results provide further information on the role of low 4-cresol doses in the regulation of insulin secretion.
Mapping the spatial distribution of harmful umbilical cord stump care among neonates in Ethiopia: A spatial with multilevel analysis
Authors: Bantie Berihun , Moges Natnael , Awoke Worku , Azene Abebaw Gedef
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The umbilical cord (UC) serves as the main pathway for bacteria to reach the neonate’s body, potentially causing local and severe infections, sepsis, and even death. Consequently, neonatal mortality remains a significant public health concern, particularly in Ethiopia. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that the umbilical cord stump be kept clean and dry, with the exception of applying topical antiseptics. However, various harmful substances are still applied to the umbilical cord of neonates. Data on the geographical distribution and risk factors for harmful umbilical cord stump (UCS) care are scarce. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap.

Methods

A secondary data analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS 2016) was conducted using a weighted sample of 7,168 live births. ArcGIS version 10.7.1 software was utilized to visualize the spatial distribution of harmful umbilical cord stump (UCS) care practices in Ethiopia. Additionally, a Bernoulli probability model-based spatial scan statistic was applied using Kulldorff’s SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant clusters of harmful UCS care. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to determine the factors associated with UCS care practices in Ethiopia. Statistical significance was declared at a two-sided P-value of < 0.05.

Results

Overall, the prevalence of harmful UCS care in Ethiopia was 15.09% (95% CI: 13.9–16.3), with significant spatial heterogeneity across geographical areas. The hotspot areas of harmful US care were observed in the eastern (Somali) and northern (Tigray and Amhara) parts of Ethiopia. In spatial scan analysis, the most likely primary clusters were observed in South Nation Nationalities and Peoples region (SNNPR), secondary clusters in the Somali, tertiary clusters in Tigray, and the next clusters in the Amhara regions, respectively. In the final multilevel model, maternal age (Adjusted odds ratio/AOR 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02–1.12), institutional delivery (AOR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42–0.97), female neonates (AOR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.04–1.61), rural residence (AOR 2.18, 95% CI: 1.05–4.52), living in Tigray region (AOR 3.79, 95% CI: 1.38–9.38), living in Somali region (AOR, 2.95% CI: 1.02–8.52), and living in Harari region (AOR 3.51, 95% CI: 1.28–9.60) were identified as a significant factors of harmful US care practice in Ethiopia.

Conclusion

In Ethiopia, the distribution of harmful UCS care practices is non-random and highly clustered in the SNNPR, Somalia, Tigray, and Amhara regions. Both individual and community-level factors were significantly associated with the practice. Special emphasis needs to be provided for neonates from those hot-spot areas and to address the identified predictors of harmful umbilical cord stump care practices.
Does spastic myopathy determine active movement and ambulation speed in chronic spastic paresis?—A cross-sectional study on plantar flexors
Authors: Pradines Maud , Jabouille François , Fontenas Enguerran , Baba Aissa Idriss , Gault-Colas Caroline , Baude Marjolaine , Guihard Marina , Gros Karine , Gracies Jean-Michel
Published: October 2024

Background

Functional correlates of spastic myopathy, the muscle disorder of spastic paresis, are unknown.

Objective

To explore reciprocal relationships between clinical and structural parameters of plantar flexors with i) ambulation speed, ii) dorsiflexion and plantarflexion torques in chronic hemiparesis.

Methods

Cross-sectional trial in chronic stroke-induced hemiparesis (>6 months). Plantar flexors were quantified through i) the Five Step Assessment: maximal extensibility (XV1), active range of dorsiflexion (XA); ii) ultrasonography: fascicle length (Lf) and thickness (Th) of medial gastrocnemius (GAS) and soleus (SOL), knee extended in an isokinetic ergometer, ankle at 80% XV1-GAS. Maximal isometric torques in plantar flexion (PF) and dorsiflexion (DF) and maximal barefoot 10-meter ambulation speed were collected. Relationships between structural, biomechanical, clinical and functional parameters were explored using non-parametric testing (Spearman).

Results

Twenty-one subjects (age 58.0±8.4, mean±SD, time since lesion 7.8±5.7 years) were recruited, with the following characteristics: ambulation speed, 0.77±0.37m/sec; XV1-SOL 92.7±10.3°; XV1-GAS 91.3±9.6°; XA-SOL 86.9±10.0°; XA-GAS 7676±14.2°; LfGAS, 58.2±18.3mm; ThGAS, 17.1±3.6 mm; LfSOL, 36.0±9.6 mm; ThSOL, 13.8±3.3mm; PF peak-torque 46.5±34.1Nm, DF peak-torque, 20.1±19.1Nm. XA-SOL and XA-GAS strongly correlated with XV1-SOL and XV1-GAS respectively (ρ = 0.74, p = 4E-04; resp ρ = 0.60, p = 0.0052). Ambulation speed moderately correlated with LfGAS (ρ = 0.51, p = 0.054), ThGAS (ρ = 0.58, p = 0.02) and LfSOL (ρ = 0.63, p = 0.009). DF and PF peak-torques both correlated with LfGAS (ρ = 0.53, p = 0.04) a; resp. ρ = 0.71, p = 0.0015).

Conclusion

In chronic hemiparesis, active dorsiflexion is mostly determined by plantar flexor extensibility. Plantar flexor fascicle shortening is associated with reduced ambulation speed and ankle torques. Attempts to restore plantar flexor extensibility might be important objectives for gait rehabilitation in chronic hemiparesis.
Dual-hesitant fermatean fuzzy Hamacher aggregation operators and TOPSIS with their application to multi-criteria decision-making
Authors: Amman Muhammad , Rashid Tabasam , Ali Asif , Albalawi Olayan , Alharthi Aiedh Mrisi
Published: October 2024

The concept of the Dual-hesitant fermatean fuzzy set (DHFFS) represents a significant advancement in practical implementation, combining Fermatean fuzzy sets and Dual-hesitant sets. This new structure uses membership and non-membership hesitancy and is more adaptable for arriving at values in a domain. Since it has the capability to treat multiple fuzzy sets over the degrees of membership and non-membership, the DHFFS greatly improves the flexibility of approaches to tackle multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems. By applying generalized T‐norm (T) and T‐conorm (T*) operation, improved union and intersection formulas are derived. The proposed work adopts Hamacher operations such as Hamacher T-conorm (HT*) and Hamacher T-norm (HT) that are more efficient than conventional techniques. New aggregation operators such as Hamacher weighted arithmetic, geometric, power arithmetic, and power geometric are developed for DHFFS. These operators are most beneficial when dealing with a MCDM issue. A case study is used to demonstrate the approachs’ accuracy and effectiveness in real-world decision-making. The comparative and sensitivity analysis results show that these operators are more effective than traditional methods. These results show that the proposed methods are efficient and can be applied in large-scale decision-making processes, strengthening the solutions’ practical implications.
Personalized music for cognitive and psychological symptom management during mechanical ventilation in critical care: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Menza Rebecca , Howie-Esquivel Jill , Bongiovanni Tasce , Tang Julin , Johnson Julene K. , Leutwyler Heather
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Patients experience high symptom burden during critical care hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. Medications are of limited effectiveness and are associated with increased morbidity such as delirium and long-term cognitive and psychological impairments. Music-based interventions have been used for pain and anxiety management in critical care but remain understudied in terms of music selection and range of symptoms. This study aimed to describe the ways in which a diverse sample of critically ill adults used personalized music listening and their perceptions of the effects of music listening on symptom experience after critical injury.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews (N = 14) of adult patients, families and friends who were provided with personalized music in an urban, academic, neurotrauma intensive care unit were collected and analyzed with grounded theory methodology. Open coding of transcripts, field notes and memos was performed using Atlas.ti.9.1. Recruitment and data collection were deemed complete once thematic saturation was achieved.

Results

We identified 6 uses of personalized music listening in critical care: 1) Restoring consciousness; 2) Maintaining cognition; 3) Humanizing the hospital experience; 4) Providing a source of connection; 5) Improving psychological wellbeing; and 6) Resolving the problems of silence. Patients used music to address psychological experiences of loneliness, fear, confusion, and loss of control. Personalized music helped patients maintain their identity and process their trauma. Additional benefits of music included experiencing pleasure, hope, resilience, and feelings of normalcy. Patients disliked being sedated and used music to wake up. Findings also highlighted the problem of the lack of meaningful stimulation in critical care.

Conclusion

Critically injured adults used personalized music to achieve psychological and cognitive homeostasis during critical care hospitalization. These results can inform future studies designed to explore the use of music-based interventions to prevent and treat the cognitive and emotional morbidity of critical care.
"Do we register our deaths?": Motivations and barriers to death registration in Ghana
Authors: Agyekum Martin Wiredu , Kyei-Arthur Frank , Bosompem Seth Kissi
Published: October 2024

Death registration is generally low in sub-Saharan African countries, including Ghana. This study investigated the factors that motivate and serve as barriers in registering for a death certificate. A cross-sectional qualitative study design was used to interview twelve birth and death registration officers in Ghana. The interviews were analysed using Atlas.ti version 7.5. The results show that death registration in Ghana is generally low. Processing of a deceased person’s estate emerged as the main motivation for the registration of death. Other motivators included the obligation to register deaths and the requirement of death certificates for burial. The barriers to death registration included the governance system at the cemetery, the hastiness in burying the dead, the perception of cost of death certificates, and less importance attached to death registration. Policymakers should consider these factors in the design of interventions to increase the rate of death registration in Ghana.
Rethinking screenwriting credits and the unproduced screenplay: Innovative approaches to accreditation using the script reading as an output
Authors: Finnegan John , Lees Belinda
Published: October 2024

This article explores the definition of what constitutes a ‘produced’ screenplay and how it relates to the screenwriter and their accreditation for their work by industry standard definitions. The article challenges the industry-accepted norm that a screenwriter’s work is recognized after the script has been translated to the screen and argues instead that, in line with other media and craft forms, the screenplay and the author can achieve recognition through other forms of showcase. Through comparisons with industry examples, we assert that the script reading is, in and of itself, a valid production and can serve as a means of allowing writers to achieve accreditation for their work as writers, without relying on union conventions that privilege the screen work over other forms to allow writers to receive accreditation for their writing. To explore this, the article uses two case studies, The Script Department, a virtual screenwriting studio that uses podcasting to produce script reading dramatizations, and one of their most successful productions, The Clearing, written by Belinda Lees. The Script Department’s success in attracting mainstream industry interest, as well as the success of Lees’s screenwriting on the platform, demonstrates that a reliance on a single mode of production (i.e. film or television) as a means of evaluating a writer’s credentials is no longer definitive and that the script reading as a performative exercise can be both a form of showcase and of benefit to the writer looking to improve their craft.
A Private SDR 5G SA Network: An Evaluation of the Quality of Service (QoS) and Computational Resource Allocation for eMBB Slice
Authors:   SIDIA Science and Technological Institute, Arnez Jussif , Silva Walmir , Silva Wederson , Reis Renata , Silva Arthur , Souza Caio
Published: October 2024

This paper assesses the network performance in terms of Quality of Service (QoS) for the enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) slicing of a private Stand-Alone (SA) network and a base station, identified as Next-Generation Node B (gNB), which is operating at 3.75GHz and using a Software Defined Radio (SDR) device. The contributions of this work are the evaluation of the computational resource allocation of a private 5G SA and the comparison of the QoS performance of the private SA network with a controlled laboratory testbed and a simulation tool, which is known as UERANSIM (User Equipment and Radio Access Network). Additionally, open-source monitoring systems were used in order to collect memory and CPU usage of the network during the experimentation. For the deployment of the SDR 5G SA gNB, the Universal Radio Software Peripheral (USRP) version B210 equipment was utilized. The results also consider the evaluation of QoS metrics i.e. throughput, jitter, round trip time and propagation delay to assess the performance of the private SDR 5G SA network.
Tribo-technological features of laser powder bed fusion process: scratch and wear resistance of AlSi10Mg aluminium alloy
Authors: Guarino Danilo , Venettacci Simone , Villani Vittorio , Ponticelli Gennaro Salvatore , Guarino Stefano
Published: October 2024

Mechanical systems, regardless of their complexity, very often require that different parts must move relative to each other by sliding their surfaces, therefore appropriate tribological properties are needed. This request appears particularly evident for components fabricated through Metal Additive Manufacturing processes, due to their typical high surface roughness. In the current study, the Laser Powder Bed Fusion technique with optimized parameters is used to produce samples made of AlSi10Mg alloy. Their tribo-technological properties are investigated through progressive load scratch and dry ball-on-plate wear tests. Along with a global characterization, a local analysis has been performed to identify any variations induced by the building direction. The friction coefficient and the wear rate are generally higher than as-cast specimens. Finally, local trends suggest that the central parts of the samples average offer higher resistance to wear and scratch than the outer areas.
Tomographic and mechanical study of 3D printed porous polymer structure under compression
Authors: Pillon Gianpaolo , Grabiec Radosław , Tarasiuk Jacek , Wroński Sebasatian , Bonnet Anne Sophie
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the influence of open porosity rate and trabeculae diameter on the compressive behavior of structure printed by DLP technology. Three types of structures have been studied : two periodic structures (Cubic and Octet) and one aperiodic structure (Voronoi-based). Each of these structures are printed with a porosity of 40, 60 and 80 % and also with two different trabeculae diameters: 0.45 mm and 0.66 mm. We investigated porosity by micro-tomograpy with ImageJ for the data treatment. We determined the curing time by making a compressive test for different lengths of UV cure. The first results of the study show that Cubic structure has better Young’s Modulus and also better mechanical stress than Octet and Voronoi-based structures.
Assessment of local mechanical properties of laser powder bed fused aluminium alloy by non-destructive testing based on FIMEC indentation
Authors: Villani Vittorio , Ponticelli Gennaro Salvatore , Venettacci Simone , Guarino Stefano
Published: October 2024

Laser powder bed fusion process is a versatile metal additive manufacturing process. Although significant progress has been made so far, there is still limited large-scale adoption of this technique by the industry. The main problems are repeatability and lack of proper knowledge. In this work, an innovative and non-destructive testing methodology, based on flat-top cylinder indentation, was used to define the mechanical properties of laser powder bed fused aluminium alloy to highlight any variations induced by the combination of process parameters, for global characterization, and by the building direction, for local characterization. Results show similar or improved global mechanical properties of the laser powder bed fused specimens when compared to traditional die-casted ones. Indentation tests highlight a local dependence of properties along the building direction in favor of the upper part of the samples.
Design of the testing procedure for investigation of Eryx conicus dermal armour characteristics
Authors: Žaloudková Blanka , Koudelka Petr , Frýdlová Petra , Drozdenko Mykhailo , Šleichrt Jan , Kytýř Daniel
Published: October 2024

The aim of this work is to develop an experimental method suitable for the mechanical testing of highly non-standard biological samples such as snake skin with osteoderms. The objective of the method is to determine, whether the osteoderms provide a protective function for the animal in its natural environment. For this purpose, a simulation of rodents biting the skin based on uni-axial compressive loading using a synthetic tooth as a penetrator was developed with an emphasis on integration with X-ray scanners to facilitate in-situ testing. To identify and characterise the structure of snake skin and to prove the protective function of osteoderms, all samples were subjected to high resolution X-ray computed tomography. The results of the experiments are presented in the form of stress-strain curves and a map of the tangent modulus.
The nature and context of Kaaps: a contemporary, past and future perspective
Authors: Hendricks Frank
Published: October 2024

In this contribution, which serves as orientation for this special edition, the accent falls chiefly on the contemporary manifestation of Kaaps as colloquial variety of Afrikaans, but also on its historic roots and the challenges regarding its future. Besides a reflection on the name â€œKaapsâ€ and other alternative names, this language form is described with reference to its origin, traditional speakers, geographic situation, sociolectic
Estimasi Slip Rate di Sesar Semangko menggunakan ALOS PALSAR 1
Authors: Anggara Ongky , Alif Satrio Muhammad , Simarmata Jelita Rizki , Sitinjak Elysabet
Published: October 2024

Provinsi Lampung merupakan salah satu pulau yang memiliki potensi bencana gempa bumi di masa mendatang dikarenakan berada dalam jalur sesar Sumatera yaitu Sesar Semangko.  Potensi gempa bumi di zona sesar Semangko dapat diestimasi dengan menghitung slip rate sesar Semangko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi slip rate sesar Semangko menggunakan data Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array L-band SAR (PALSAR 1) dengan rentang data 2007 hingga 2010. Data InSAR diestimasi menggunakan metode the small baseline subset (SBAS) InSAR time-series technique dengan menggunakan koreksi velocity dari stasiun GNSS. Hasil LOS velocity InSAR terkoreksi dengan velocity stasiun GNSS sebesar 2,97 mm/tahun sampai dengan 8,67 mm/tahun. Hasil estimasi slip rate sesar Semangko menggunakan ALOS PALSAR 1 sebesar 11,40 mm/tahun.
The United States of America in the face of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Michałowska Paulina
Published: October 2024

The United States experienced an abundance of significant events in the year 2020 – the crisis of Donald Trump’s administration and the presidential election, mass racial protests, economic problems, and above all, the emergence and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. The USA was one of the first countries where cases of COVID-19 were confirmed. Moreover, the number of patients quickly reached alarming levels. The coronavirus pandemic has left its mark on American society, the economy, and international relations.The aim of this article is to present the problem of the development of the coronavirus pandemic in the United States of America and its impact on politics and policy. In addition, we will analyze the problem of the US maintaining its superpower status in the context of the image crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The article adopts research methods based on tracking events, their evaluation, qualitative and critical analysis of texts, and conducting comparative evaluations. The following research questions will make it possible to achieve this goal: what was the course of the coronavirus pandemic in the United States? What problems did it cause, and what problems have been exacerbated? What actions did the Trump and Biden administrations take to combat the spread of the virus? What were the effects of the government’s actions? How has the pandemic affected the international position of the U.S.?
Bayesian intelligence for medical diagnosis: a pilot study on patient disposition for emergency medicine chest pain
Authors: Perlin Mark W. , Accilien Yves-Dany
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Clinicians can rapidly and accurately diagnose disease, learn from experience, and explain their reasoning. Computational Bayesian medical decision-making might replicate this expertise. This paper assesses a computer system for diagnosing cardiac chest pain in the emergency department (ED) that decides whether to admit or discharge a patient.

Methods

The system can learn likelihood functions by counting data frequency. The computer compares patient and disease data profiles using likelihood. It calculates a Bayesian probabilistic diagnosis and explains its reasoning. A utility function applies the probabilistic diagnosis to produce a numerical BAYES score for making a medical decision.

Results

We conducted a pilot study to assess BAYES efficacy in ED chest pain patient disposition. Binary BAYES decisions eliminated patient observation. We compared BAYES to the HEART score. On 100 patients, BAYES reduced HEART’s false positive rate 18-fold from 58.7 to 3.3 %, and improved ROC AUC accuracy from 0.928 to 1.0.

Conclusions

The pilot study results were encouraging. The data-driven BAYES score approach could learn from frequency counting, make fast and accurate decisions, and explain its reasoning. The computer replicated these aspects of diagnostic expertise. More research is needed to reproduce and extend these finding to larger diverse patient populations.
Request for confirmation sequences in Yurakaré
Authors: Gipper Sonja
Published: October 2024

This article describes the resources employed by speakers of Yurakaré (isolate, Bolivia) for formulating and responding to requests for confirmation (RfCs). In Yurakaré, RfC turns are predominantly formatted with positive polarity and falling final intonation. Confirming responses to positive polarity RfCs and disconfirming responses to negative polarity RfCs with truth-conditional negation show a preference for repeat format. Moreover, Yurakaré exhibits a functional differentiation of repeat vs response token format in confirming responses to positive polarity RfCs, a repeat being the default format for plain confirmations of RfCs that introduce a new proposition into the discourse. The Yurakaré data presented in this article contribute to our knowledge of the cross-linguistic response possibility space, providing evidence for the capability of repeats to convey plain and unmarked confirming responses, contesting theories of interaction that propose response tokens to universally constitute the unmarked format for confirming responses across languages.
Increasing efficacy to reduce state anxiety: An application of the self-presentation theory of social anxiety
Authors: Dismuke Alexandria N. , Pond Richard S.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Social anxiety can produce adverse consequences across all levels of symptomology, and research attempting to study its causes and alleviation is critical. Although self-presentation theory offers a potential framework to reduce social anxiety across individual levels of symptomology and various contexts, the current study applied the theory to a novel paradigm in attempts to reduce state social anxiety within the context of a lab study. Specifically, impression efficacy's proposed negative relationship with social anxiety was considered. It was hypothesized that participants in the experimental condition would report decreases in social anxiety indirectly as a function of increased impression efficacy. Methods: Undergraduate participants (N = 125) completed structured interactions with confederates, where the experimental condition encountered a social obstacle and received positive feedback, and the control condition received neutral feedback. A mediation analysis tested if changes in impression efficacy mediated the effects of condition on changes in social anxiety. Results: As hypothesized, changes in impression efficacy significantly predicted changes in social anxiety, and the indirect effect of condition on changes in social anxiety, through changes in impression efficacy, was significant. Discussion: Although present conclusions cannot be generalized to trait social anxiety and more research is needed, results support the potential use of impression efficacy interventions in reducing social anxiety. Considering the prevalence and consequences of social anxiety, this simple and easily implemented intervention could be useful across settings, contexts, and anxiety levels.
Fluctuations in unmet interpersonal needs and emotional pain among adolescents with and without depression: A daily diary study
Authors: MacNeil Sasha , Renaud Johanne , Gouin Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Emotional pain and unmet interpersonal needs, i.e., thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, are associated with increased risk for suicidality. This study examined their daily occurrence and variability among adolescents at both lower and higher risk for suicidality, and whether unmet interpersonal needs predicted daily emotional pain. Method: Fifty-five adolescents with and without major depressive disorder (MDD) completed 10 consecutive daily diaries assessing feelings of burdensomeness, loneliness (as a proxy for thwarted belongingness), and emotional pain. Descriptive analyses examined the occurrence, severity, and variability in these daily experiences. Within-person associations of daily unmet interpersonal needs with emotional pain were examined using multilevel modeling. Results: Adolescents with MDD reported greater occurrence, severity, and variability in day-to-day loneliness, burdensomeness, and emotional pain, compared to adolescents without MDD. Daily unmet interpersonal needs independently and interactively predicted daily emotional pain across both groups, such that greater emotional pain was experienced on days when participants reported greater loneliness and burdensomeness than usual for them. Conclusions: Although adolescents with MDD present with more unmet interpersonal needs and emotional pain, the within-person associations between daily unmet interpersonal needs and emotional pain are similar between adolescents with and without MDD. Daily fluctuations in unmet interpersonal needs and emotional pain over time may represent a potential mechanism via which increasing risk for suicidal ideation is accrued longitudinally.
Así, no: A propósito de una intervención en Santa María la Real de Nájera
Authors: Moya Valgañón José Gabriel
Published: October 2024

Anuario del Departamento de Historia y Teoría del Arte
Aspectos económicos y administrativos en las fábricas de las catedrales españolas durante el siglo XVI
Authors: Rodríguez G. de Ceballos Alfonso
Published: October 2024

Anuario del Departamento de Historia y Teoría del Arte
Contribución al estudio de la cantería en Navarra: Algo sobre el siglo XVI
Authors: Bermejo Barasoain África
Published: October 2024

Anuario del Departamento de Historia y Teoría del Arte
Bibliografía básica de arquitectura moderna española
Authors: Urrutia Núñez Ángel
Published: October 2024

Anuario del Departamento de Historia y Teoría del Arte
Aproximativos temporales y estatuto de su componente polar: la polaridad en "aún" y "todavía"
Authors: Alemany Martínez Amparo
Published: October 2024

Este estudio se centra en la caracterización del componente polar de los adverbios aún y todavía y explora su naturaleza como aproximativos. Estos últimos se definen mediante la intersección de dos componentes: el próximo (el grado de cercanía que un evento tiene con otro) y el polar (la inversión de los valores de verdad de la proposición). Aunque tradicionalmente se han considerado aún y todavía adverbios temporales, este trabajo propone un enfoque centrado en sus características polares y en la descripción de su componente aproximativo polar. Se presenta, por lo tanto, un análisis que no solo describe la polaridad de estos lemas, sino que también los propone como adverbios de carácter aproximativo.
АППРОКСИМАЦИЯ ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЯ МАЛОРАЗМЕРНОГО ПОДВИЖНОГО ОБЪЕКТА, ФОРМИРУЕМОГО СКАНИРУЮЩИМ МНОГОРЯДНЫМ ФОТОПРИЁМНИКОМ
Authors: В.В. АБИЛОВ , Г.И. ГРОМИЛИН , В.П. КОСЫХ , В.А. СТРЕЛЬЦОВ , Н.С. ЯКОВЕНКО
Published: October 2024

Исследуется возможность повышения точности измерения координат и яркости малоразмерных подвижных объектов в последовательности изображений, формируемых сканирующим многорядным фотоприёмником. Повышение точности достигается за счёт аппроксимации изображения объекта функцией, параметрами которой являются яркость объекта и смещение центра его проекции относительно решётки фоточувствительных ячеек (ФЧЯ) приёмника. Критериями качества аппроксимации выступают, с одной стороны, среднеквадратичная разность между изображением объекта и аппроксимирующей функцией, с другой - разброс оценок его координат и яркости в зависимости от положения относительно центра ячейки фотоприёмника в серии изображений. На сериях изображений, полученных посредством проецирования освещённой диафрагмы малого диаметра в плоскость фоточувствительного слоя приёмника, сравниваются несколько наиболее распространённых функций, обычно применяемых для аппроксимации дискретных изображений малоразмерных объектов. Показано, что даже при достаточно высоком уровне случайного шума применение аппроксимирующей модели позволяет оценить координаты объекта со среднеквадратичной ошибкой, не превышающей 20 % от шага решётки ФЧЯ.

The work is devoted to studying the possibility of increasing the accuracy of measuring the coordinates and brightness of small-sized moving objects in a sequence of images formed by a scanning multi-row photodetector. The measurement is based on approximating the object image with a function whose parameters are the object brightness and the shift of its projection center relative to the nodes of the array of photosensitive cells (PSC) of the receiver. The approximation quality criteria are, on the one hand, the root-mean-square difference between the object image and the approximating function, and on the other hand, the spread of its coordinates and brightness estimates depending on the position relative to the center of the photodetector cell in a series of images. Several of the most popular functions commonly used to approximate a discrete image of a small-sized object are compared on a series of images obtained by projecting an illuminated small-diameter diaphragm into the plane of the photosensitive layer of the receiver. It is shown that, even with a sufficiently high level of random noise, the use of an approximating model allows one to estimate the coordinates of an object with a root-mean-square error not exceeding 20% of the PSC lattice step.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ГРАВИТАЦИИ НА ПРОЦЕСС ДЕГАЗАЦИИ МЕТАНОНОСНЫХ УГОЛЬНЫХ ПЛАСТОВ
Authors: М.В. КУРЛЕНЯ , К.Х. ЛИ , В.Г. КАЗАНЦЕВ , Х.У. ЛИ , В.С. ЗЫКОВ
Published: October 2024

Аппарат теории нестационарной термоупругости применен для оценки раздельного и совместного действия сорбционного давления газа и гравитации на процесс дегазации и формирование напряженного состояния в окрестности горных выработок. Показано, что фильтрация газа изменяет напряженное состояние угольного массива, а сорбционное давление оказывает существенное противодействие гравитационному, пренебрежение которым может привести к недостаточно обоснованному выбору технологий дегазации пласта угля, а также к ошибкам прогноза прочности и устойчивости горных пород.

The apparatus of nonstationary thermoelasticity is used to estimate the joint and separate effects of gas pressure sorption and gravity on gas drainage and on stress state in the vicinity of underground openings. It is shown that gas flow changes the stress state of coal, and pressure in sorption essentially counteracts pressure in gravity. Ignorance of the latter fact may lead to a poorly substantiated choice of a coal gas drainage technology and to an erroneous prediction of rock strength and stability.
ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ГРАНУЛОМЕТРИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА УГЛЕЙ ПРИ ДРОБЛЕНИИ НА ЛАБОРАТОРНОЙ ШНЕКО-ЗУБЧАТОЙ ДРОБИЛКЕ
Authors: Ю.Ф. ПАТРАКОВ , А.И. СТЕПАНЕНКО , С.М. НИКИТЕНКО , С.А. СЕМЕНОВА , А.А. СТЕПАНЕНКО
Published: October 2024

Представлены результаты дробления углей на лабораторной шнеко-зубчатой дробилке. Образцами служили товарные пробы углей разных месторождений России, Казахстана и Кыргызстана. На основе анализа изменения количественных выходов гранулометрических составов установлено, что независимо от местонахождения месторождений углей и их марочной принадлежности использование дробилки шнеко-зубчатого типа при подготовке сырья к обогащению не приводит к существенному переизмельчению угля.

The article presents the results of toothed screw crushing of coal on a laboratory scale. The samples are the marketable coal from different deposits in Russia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. From the analysis of change in the quantity outputs of grain sizes, it is found that irrespective of the coal field location and coal grade, the use of a toothed screw crusher in coal preparation for dressing leads to no overgrinding of coal.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ВЫПУСКА УГЛЯ ИЗ ПОДКРОВЕЛЬНОЙ ТОЛЩИ СРЕДСТВАМИ ИМИТАЦИОННОГО МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ
Authors: В.И. КЛИШИН , А.Н. СТАРОДУБОВ , В.А. КРАМАРЕНКО , А.Н. КАДОЧИГОВА , А.В. КАПЛУН
Published: October 2024

Рассмотрена новая конструкция механизированной крепи для разработки мощных угольных пластов с выпуском подкровельной толщи угля, предусматривающая его контролируемый выпуск с помощью специального выпускного окна и питателя, совершающего возвратно-поступательное движение. Внедрение подобной технологии нуждается в предварительном тестировании, изучении режимных параметров выпуска секций, при которых обеспечивается максимально допустимое заполнение лавного конвейера без перегрузки и динамических явлений. Для изучения технологии создана имитационная модель в среде Rocky DEM, учитывающая физический эффект разрушения горного массива на основе метода дискретных элементов и позволяющая изменять конструктивные и режимные параметры работы крепей. Проведенные эксперименты позволяют оценить взаимную зависимость средней скорости выпуска угля на конвейер от угла наклона заслона и от частоты колебаний питателя.

The new design of a powered roof support for the controlled longwall top coal caving in thick coal seams contains a special outlet and a reciprocating feeder. The introduction of such technology needs pre-testing and analysis of the outlet modes per the support units, such that to ensure the maximum allowable fill of the longwall conveyor without its overloading and dynamic phenomena. Created in Rocky DEM environment with that end in view, the simulation model takes into account the physical effect of rock mass fracture using the discrete element method, and enables variation in the design parameters and operating conditions of the powered roof support. The implemented experiments make it possible to assess the interdependence of the average velocity of coal outlet to the conveyor, the outlet gate angle and the feeder vibration frequency.
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МЕТОДА ДИСКРЕТНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ДЛЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ МЕХАНИЗМА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПОТЕРЬ РУДЫ ПРИМЕНИТЕЛЬНО К УСЛОВИЯМ ТОРЦЕВОГО ВЫПУСКА
Authors: В.В. ЛАПТЕВ , С.В. ЛУКИЧЕВ
Published: October 2024

Приведены результаты численного моделирования процесса торцевого выпуска руды, полученные методом дискретных элементов. Работа включала в себя стадии разработки методики моделирования, создание и калибровку численных моделей, анализ результатов. Установлены оптимальные параметры конструктивных элементов системы разработки, способствующие снижению потерь при выпуске в условиях отработки хибинских апатит-нефелиновых месторождений. Получены некоторые закономерности поведения горной массы при ее выпуске. Представлен механизм образования потерь.

The article describes numerical modeling of sublevel stoping using the discrete element method. The study included development of a modeling procedure, creation and calibration of the numerical models, and the result analysis. The optimal design parameters of structural components of the mining system are found, which are promotive of reduced ore losses in sublevel stoping at the Khibiny apatite-nepheline deposits. Some behavioral patterns of rock mass during sublevel stoping are obtained. The mechanism of ore losses is described.
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ДИНАМИКИ ЗОЛОТНИКОВОГО РАСПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЯ С ДРОССЕЛЬНЫМ УПРАВЛЕНИЕМ
Authors: Л.В. ГОРОДИЛОВ , В.Г. КУДРЯВЦЕВ
Published: October 2024

Исследована схема управления характеристиками рабочего цикла гидроударного устройства, основанная на задержке движения бойка перед фазой обратного хода. Задержка осуществляется за счет дроссельного регулирования давления в гидравлической камере золотникового распределителя. Проведены испытания физической модели гидроударного устройства с указанной схемой распределения, определены основные энергетические характеристики. В опытах изменялись настройки дросселей и пружины, производящей возврат золотника распределителя в исходное состояние, подаваемый к устройству расход жидкости. Приведены осциллограммы динамических характеристик гидроударного устройства, зависимости регулировочной характеристики распределителя от параметров дросселей, подаваемого к устройству расхода и предварительного натяга пружины. Построены зависимости энергетических характеристик гидроударного устройства от давления задержки и расхода, отражающие возможности их регулирования по предлагаемой схеме управления рабочим циклом. Проанализированы осциллограммы движения золотника в течение рабочего цикла, определены его особенности и недостатки. Предложена конструкция дроссельного регулятора, позволяющая получить режимы работы гидроударного устройства с фиксированными характеристиками.

The authors analyze the control circuit of the work process-related parameters of a hydraulic impactor with the piston retention before the back stroke phase. Retention is implemented via the throttle control of pressure in the hydraulic cell of the slide valve. The physical model of such hydraulic impactor is tested, and its energy characteristics are determined. The tests included re-tuning of throttles and slide homing spring, and variation in fluid flow rate. The article presents oscillograms of the hydraulic impactor dynamics and the slide performance versus throttle parameters, fluid flow rate and the spring pre-tension. The curves of the hydraulic impactor energy, retention pressure and fluid flow rate illustrate the energy adjustability using the proposed performance control circuit. The oscillograms of the slide motion during its work cycle are plotted, the features and shortages of the process are determined. The proposed design of the throttle valve provides the steady-state performance of hydraulic impactors.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ФАЗОВЫХ ПЕРЕХОДОВ В МИНЕРАЛИЗОВАННЫХ ПОРОВЫХ ВОДАХ ПРИ ИСКУССТВЕННОМ ЗАМОРАЖИВАНИИ ГРУНТОВ
Authors: М.А. СЕМИН , С.А. БУБЛИК
Published: October 2024

Изучено влияние фазовых переходов во влажных грунтах, содержащих растворенную поваренную соль, на процесс их искусственного замораживания. Рассмотрены эффекты, связанные с теплотой кристаллизации поровой воды при отрицательных температурах, а также с теплотой кристаллизации соли при достижении точки эвтектики. Сделаны выводы о возможности достижения точки эвтектики в искусственно замораживаемых грунтах надсолевых толщ соляных месторождений. С помощью математической модели тепловых процессов в искусственно замораживаемой глине, содержащей раствор поваренной соли, проанализировано влияние смещения точки эвтектики на поле температур замораживаемого грунта.

The influence of phase transitions in moist and salt-containing soil on freezing process is analyzed. The effects connected with the crystallization heat of pore water under negative temperatures and with the crystallization heat of salt when the eutectic point is reached are discussed. The conclusions on reachability of the eutectic point in artificially frozen strata above saline are drawn. Using a mathematical mode of heat processes in artificially frozen clay containing the common salt solution, the influence of the offset of the eutectic point on the temperature field in the frozen ground is analyzed.