bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflection Seismology: A Global Perspective Reflection Seismology: The Continental Crust
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Do continents grow by accretion of largescale thrust sheets along orogenic belts? Does rifted continental crust have a distinctive “reflection signature” that allows it to be identified, even when buried beneath overthrust terranes? What happens to major faults in the lower crust, and do crustal faults penetrate into the upper mantle? Is the Moho a relatively “young” feature of continental crust? How do reflection techniques influence subsequent geological interpretations? How do the newly evolving views on the continental crust based on deep reflection seismology integrate with the more traditional views based primarily on seismic refraction methods?
Collisionless Shocks in the Heliosphere: Reviews of Current Research
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The solar wind is so tenuous that Coulomb collisions provide negligible thermalization or dissipation on scale sizes less than 0.1 AU. Violent expansions of the solar corona, solar wind velocity gradients at the surface of the sun, and steady state supermagnetosonic solar wind flow past objects such as the planets, lead to collisionless shock waves. The irreversible plasma heating produced by these shocks is accomplished by wave‐particle interactions driven by plasma instabilities.
Ruiz Volcano: Preliminary report
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Ruiz Volcano, Colombia (4.88°N, 75.32°W). All times are local (= GMT −5 hours).

An explosive eruption on November 13, 1985, melted ice and snow in the summit area, generating lahars that flowed tens of kilometers down flank river valleys, killing more than 20,000 people. This is history's fourth largest single‐eruption death toll, behind only Tambora in 1815 (92,000), Krakatau in 1883 (36,000), and Mount Pelée in May 1902 (28,000). The following briefly summarizes the very preliminary and inevitably conflicting information that had been received by press time.
In Canada: Possible changes in geophysics programs
Authors: Dunlop David J.
Published: October 2011

The Earth Physics Branch of the Canadian Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources (formerly the Dominion Observatory) has been the primary government agency for geophysics in Canada since the turn of the century. It has operated the national observatories for seismology and geomagnetism and has established and maintained national networks, surveys, and standards in gravity, geodynamics, and geothermics. A reassessment of the role of federal government agencies now underway by the current Conservative administration in Canada is examining the question of whether the Earth Physics Branch should be combined with the Geological Survey of Canada in one agency that would carry the issue is expected within the next few out all federal geoscience activities. The opinion that such a merger would adversely affect the future of solid earth geophysics in Canada has been expressed by the Canadian Geophysical Union in a letter to the Minister of Energy, Mines, and Resources. Resolution of the issue is expected within the next few months.
Geochemical tracers for physical oceanography problems
Authors: Roether Wolfgang
Published: October 2011

A small, invited group of oceanic tracer geochemists, consisting of physical oceanographers and ocean modelers, gathered at Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), May 20–22, 1985, for 3 days of lively discussions on the potential uses of ocean tracers and how to best utilize these in the near future. The meeting was organized into sessions on the following topics: convective oceanic boundary layer, thermocline ventilation, tropical ocean processes, high‐latitude processes and marginal basins, and deep‐ and intermediate‐water circulation. Nutrient cycles were also discussed, and a considerable amount of time was devoted to ocean modeling relevant to the evaluation of tracer data. No formal papers were presented.
The CSSP implementation plan for space plasma physics programs
Authors: Baker D. N. , Williams D. J.
Published: October 2011

Space plasma physics, a research field responsible for the dramatic beginning of the space age through the discovery of the Van Allen radiation belts, has seen its research opportunities steadily diminish over the past decade. This, coupled with the increased fundamental importance of space plasma physics research and its potential applications, has placed the field in the ironic situation of being near extinction while having become a leader in basic space research. Many reports have been issued over the past decade that describe and recommend a U.S. program in space plasma physics. Of these, the recent National Academy of Science report entitled “Implementation Plan for Space Plasma Physics” presents an excellent, quantitative statement of the basic elements of such a program. In this report, we summarize these findings.
Keyworth resigns
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

White House science adviser George A. Keyworth II will leave his position by the end of the year. Keyworth, 46, has been head of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) since May 1981, 5 months after President Ronald Reagan took office. According to an OSTP spokesman, Keyworth plans to start a business that will set up systems for other businesses to gather and analyze information, for example, about the impacts of new technology and about potential markets in foreign countries.
Field Fellow begins tenure
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

AGU's first Richard Montgomery Field Fellow is off to an enthusiastic start to his year at AGU headquarters in Washington, D.C. Jack B. Hartung, an adjunct professor in the geology department at George Mason University, has been hard at work coordinating the preparation of the Union's 3‐year plan and launching other projects that he plans to develop throughout the year.
October streamflow
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Heavy precipitation fell over most of the United States and Puerto Rico during October, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. Tropical Storm Isabel devastated Puerto Rico on October 6–7, causing what the Governor of Puerto Rico called the greatest natural disaster ever to befall the island. About 190 people were killed as a result of a massive landslide and severe flooding. Hurricane Juan battered the Louisiana and Mississippi coasts October 27–31, causing property damages of ˜$1 billion. In addition, heavy rains from the remnants of Hurricane Waldo caused localized flooding in an area stretching from western Texas to Michigan, and Hurricane Juan caused severe flooding and coastal erosion in parts of Louisiana and Mississippi.
New JGR‐Space Physics editor
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Thomas J. Birmingham, of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md., will succeed Bengt Sonnerup (Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H.) as editor of the Journal of Geophysical Research‐Space Physics. Sonnerup has been editor since 1982.
Coated Grains
Authors: Reinhardt Juergen
Published: October 2011

This volume is an important collection of papers by 62 authors from 19 countries on the description, characterization, and origin of coated grains, such as ooids, oncoids, and accretionary lapilli. The volume is the out‐growth of a fellowship at the University of Bochum (Federal Republic of Germany) under which author Tadeusz Peryt began a study of modern and ancient occurrences of coated grains. The first chapter of the book is a collection of six papers under the heading “Approaches.” The rest of the book is organized according to the classification scheme for coated grains proposed by Peryt. Chapters on ooids (12 papers), rhodoids (four papers), oncoids (15 papers), and vadoids (eight papers) report on modern and ancient examples of these particles and their genesis. The final chapter consists of seven papers, which could not easily be placed elsewhere, under the heading “Contrasted Occurrences.”
Stratigraphy: Foundations and Concepts
Authors: Ludvigsen Rolf
Published: October 2011

In this volume the Conkins attempt the well‐nigh impossible: to bring together those selections that illustrate the development of various stratigraphic principles over the past 300 years. The editors choose 32 selections, and these benchmark papers are arranged chronologically from the late 17th to the early 20th century and assembled into five parts, each preceded by a short informative commentary. The selections in the volume miss some important contributions and include some that are of dubious significance; moreover, many excerpts are immoderately short, and others are excessively fragmented by editorial deletions.
Problems of the Arctic and Arctic: Volume 53
Authors: Gunter Weller
Published: October 2011

Volume 53 of Problems of the Arctic and Antarctic was published in Leningrad, U.S.S.R., in 1978. Most of the papers in this volume were read and discussed at the Sixth Annual Conference of Young Specialists of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, which took place in Leningrad in February, 1976. The papers are based on research conducted in the early to mid‐1970's and it is hardly surprising that most of them are very much out of date 10 years later in this first English translation, commissioned by the National Science Foundation.
Abstracts [Ocean Sciences Meeting, 1985]
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following hearings and markups have been tentatively scheduled for the coming weeks by the Senate and House of Representatives. Dates and times should be verified with the committee or subcommittee holding the hearing or markup; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐ 3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts (Eos, August 28, 1984, p. 669).
Winter weather forecasts
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

The northwestern United States should expect a colder than normal winter, while the country's southeastern region is likely to have a winter that is milder than normal, according to the winter weather forecast for the continental United States that was issued in late November by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service (NWS). The NWS statement on average conditions in December, January, and February also said that precipitation is most likely to be above median in the Great Basin, which is centered on Utah, and in the area that includes the Mississippi, upper Missouri, and Ohio valleys (Figures 1 and 2, top).
Dynamique des Climats et de l'Ecoulement Fluvial
Authors: Van der Beken A.
Published: October 2011

The authors' general purpose is the study of the environment from the viewpoint of climate and surface runoff. They can claim a “first,” since these factors have not been studied together often.

The first part (pp. 13–80) is an introduction of the mechanisms governing climates and river flow, but only six pages explain the effect of climatological factors on river flown. The second part (pp. 83–152) and third part (pp. 155–217) discuss the cold, temperate, and warm regions sequentially. Here again the climatological part is well developed and covers all parts of the world, but relatively few pages treat river flow in particular, and the discussion is limited to a rather elementary descriptive analysis.
Survey of women geoscientists: Results
Authors: Sancetta Constance , Asher Sigrid , Webel Suzanne
Published: October 2011

The 1100‐member Association for Women Geoscientists (AWG), an interdisciplinary professional development organization that is open to all in the geosciences, conducted a nationwide survey of geoscientists in late 1983. The survey was the first to examine the training, employment, and lifestyle of women in the geosciences. The questionnaire asked about education and current work situations, about experiences in combining personal life and career, and about attitudes on women's issues, political issues, and environmental issues.
OTA congressional fellowships
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) is accepting applications for its 1986–1987 Congressional Fellowship Program. Under this program, up to six individuals will be selected for 1‐year appointments in Washington, D.C. There the fellows will participate directly in the work of one or more OTA assessments.

OTA aims to provide congressional committees with objective analyses of issues in science and technology. The office identifies alternative policy options, helps Congress to resolve uncertainties and conflicting claims, and provides early alerts to new developments that could have important implications for future federal policy. OTA conducts assessments in such areas as energy, materials, industrial competitiveness, technology transfer, international security, biological applications, medical technologies, agriculture, information technologies, environment, transportation, and science policy.
Indian Ocean Gas Study
Authors: Chen Chen‐Tung , Poisson Alain
Published: October 2011

In July 1984, a joint French‐U.S. team of scientists embarked on the first in a series of research cruises in the southwest Indian Ocean aboard the research/supply vessel Marion Dufresne, which is operated by Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises (TAAF). This monthlong cruise marked the debut of a multiyear program aimed at delineating the distribution of anthropogenic CO2 in the Indian Ocean.

Deep waters from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans move to the southern ocean and mix there. The resultant relatively homogeneous water becomes the major source of the Antarctic bottom water, which spreads back out into the deep world oceans. Consequently, the chemistry of southern ocean water is a baseline for the deep world oceans. Therefore the carbonate chemistry of the southern ocean water must be learned in order to understand the biogeochemical cycle of carbon from the global point of view. Unfortunately, only a few high‐precision carbonate sampling programs have been conducted in the Indian Ocean section of the southern ocean (we know of only seven such stations south of 30°S). As a result, it is difficult to interpret variations in the carbonate chemistry or to calculate anthropogenic CO2 in the Indian Ocean because we do not know the characteristic properties of the water near its origin. Furthermore, the scant data in the southern Indian Ocean were all collected in the summer, and it is uncertain whether the summer data are representative of the mainly winter‐formed deep waters.
U.S. WOCE Meeting reports available
Authors: Nowlin Worth
Published: October 2011

Several new reports of meetings related to U.S. planning for the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) are now available from the U.S. Planning Office for WOCE, Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843. Robert Heinmiller (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.) has prepared reports of the Second and Third Density Profiler meetings, which were sponsored in part by the U.S. WOCE Science Steering Committee. The second meeting was held during the 1984 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif., in conjunction with a meeting of potential users of expendable conductivity, temperature, and depth instruments (CTD's). The third meeting was held May 30, 1985, in Baltimore, Md.
Numerical simulations of comets: Predictions for comet Giacobini‐Zinner
Authors: Fedder Joel A. , Lyon John G. , Guiliani John L.
Published: October 2011

Over the last 2 decades, numerical simulations of plasma physics have made increasingly important contributions to research in space and in the laboratory. This activity has led to the development of increasingly sophisticated multi‐dimensional particle, fluid, electrostatic, and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation codes. More recently, the multi‐dimensional MHD codes have been applied to the study of the interaction of the solar wind with the earth's magnetosphere [Walker, 1983, and references therein]. While the early simulated magnetospheres had a cartoon‐like quality, current results are showing important physical phenomena, such as the polar current systems and plasma convection processes, that are at the heart of ongoing space plasma research.
Epeirogenic uplift discussed at meeting
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

A surprisingly large region of the western United States, far from the edges of the continent, has been uplifted by 2 km or more sometime since the Cenomanian stage of the Cretaceous period, nearly 100 million years ago, according to a paper presented at the 1985 AGU Fall Meeting by Dork Sahagian of the University of Chicago. In fact, most of this epeirogenic uplift may well have occurred in the last 5–15 million years.

Epeirogenic motions are predominantly vertical movements that produce broad features of continents and oceans (for example, plateaus and basins). Epeirogeny is usually contrasted with orogeny, the more localized and generally horizontal processes involved in the formation of mountain chains near plate margins. Since the advent of plate tectonic theory, horizontal motions have received more attention than have vertical motions like those studied by Sahagian, according to Bradford Hager of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, who served as tectonophysics program cochairman for the Fall Meeting.
Top sponsors
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In 1985, 2477 new members were elected. The top sponsors, AGU members sponsoring three or more new members, are listed below

33 Members: A. Ivan Johnson.
Acid rain report released
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

A joint report issued January 8, 1986, by special envoys from the United States and Canada recommends that the United States implement a 5‐year, $5‐billion commercial demonstration program for technologies to control emissions from the burning of coal. The recommendations call for government and industry to share the costs of the proposed program.

The report was issued by Drew Lewis, former U.S. Secretary of Transportation, and William Davis, former Premier of Ontario, at the request of U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney after a summit conference between the two leaders in March 1985. Discussion of the report is on the agenda for a second meeting this coming March. Reagan has said he will review the report but has not committed himself to endorse its recommendations.
Reflections on an AGU Congressional Science Fellowship
Authors: Fellows Jack D.
Published: October 2011

In spring 1983, prior to my fellowship year, I was finishing my National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)—sponsored doctoral dissertation in hydrology at the University of Maryland. Currently, I am involved in the final budget deliberations for our nation's 1987 civilian space program in the Executive Office of the President (EOP). With this transformation in mind, I think it is fair to say that my 1983–1984 AGU Congressional Science Fellowship has had a tremendous influence on my career.

During my fellowship in Congress, I worked with Rep. George E. Brown (D‐Calif.) on water, remote sensing, space, and general science budgets and issues. I was involved in several pieces of legislation that are currently being implemented. It was through my responsibility for analysis of NASA programs and budget that I began to understand the complexity of the budget process and the development of our nation's civilian space policy. I found it very satisfying to learn about space programs beyond my own field of satellite‐based hydrology.
U.S.‐Japan Heliomagnetosphere Seminar
Authors: Wu S. T. , Kakinuma T.
Published: October 2011

A U.S.‐Japan Seminar on recent advances in the understanding of structures and dynamics of the heliomagnetosphere, formally entitled “Recent Advances in the Understanding of Structure and Dynamics of the Heliomagnetosphere During the Current Maximum and Declining Phase of Solar Activity,” was held on November 5–9 , 1984, in Kyoto, Japan. There were 46 papers presented in seven sessions. Among this total, 22 papers can be classified as observational and analysis papers, 18 may be considered theory and modeling papers, and 6 were papers dealing with programing methods. A total of 60 scientists attended this seminar: 19 from the United States, one from the Netherlands, one from India, and the rest from Japan. In addition, three graduate students were in attendance. This account of the seminar, which was sponsored by the National Science Foundation and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, will be organized according to four topical categories: large‐scale structures, mass ejection and heliospheric dynamics, particle acceleration and cosmic rays, and solar radio emission.
Superfund: Report from Capitol Hill
Authors: Butler Eric
Published: October 2011

The vote was 212 to 211 (ah yes, we must be in the House). It was the final tally, and the first time during the voting that the ayes had it. Midway through the roll call the nays led by as many as 30 votes, but toward the end of the 15‐minute voting period, they steadily lost ground. It was only after the allotted time had expired that the outcome was known.
New law to cut 1986 budgets
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) are among the agencies whose budgets are likely to be cut 4.3% on March 1, 1986, when the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 makes its first impact.

Under the law, the cuts will be implemented across the board by an order from the president. Unless Congress passes legislation to make its own cuts sometime between now and March 1, these cuts will automatically take an equal percentage from every nondefense program, project, and activity not protected from “sequestration” of funds and will automatically take a slightly higher percentage from the unprotected portions of the defense budget. Individual agencies could circumvent the across‐the‐board cuts by formulating their own plans to distribute their share of the reductions; however, these plans would need congressional approval. These cuts will affect budgets for the federal government in fiscal year (FY) 1986, which began on October 1, 1985. Unless revenues increase substantially, additional and mone severe belt‐tightening is in store for FY 1987 and beyond.
AGU members win Fulbrights
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Six AGU members have been awarded Fulbright grants to lecture or conduct research abroad during the current (1985–1986) academic year, according to the Council for International Exchange of Scholars, which helps to administer the Fulbright Scholar Program.

James R. Barcus, a professor of physics at the University of Denver, is lecturing and doing research in thunderstorm coupling in global electricity at Catholic University in Lima, Peru, from January through June 1986.
Geomorphological Hazards in Los Angeles
Authors: Hadley Richard F.
Published: October 2011

This is a topical book that deals with the geomorphological and geological engineering problems associated with hillslope processes and sediment transport in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. There are few large cities in the United States where the problems of urban growth include such a distinctive physical environment, as well as the potential hazards of brush fires, earthquakes, and floods that occur in Los Angeles. The research and data used in the book are restricted to Los Angeles County and cover the period 1914–1978. The author has done a commendable job of synthesizing a large mass of data from diverse sources, including federal, state, and local agency reports, plus data from private groups such as professional technical societies and consultants.
Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies (STACS) revisited
Authors: Molinari Robert
Published: October 2011

The objectives of the Subtropical Atlantic Climate Studies (STACS) are

to identify those processes that contribute most to the transport of heat in the North Atlantic,

to develop the technology to monitor these processes, and

to obtain a better understanding of the dynamics of the circulation of the North Atlantic [Molinari, 1983].
Marine multichannel seismology workshop
Authors: Moore Greg
Published: October 2011

Rapid advances in the understanding of fundamental geologic processes have been achieved, in part, through the use of marine multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection techniques over the past decade. Academic MCS studies have provided new insights into the formation and evolution of the oceanic lithosphere by revealing, in a few places, magma chambers under oceanic spreading centers and by documenting major crustal thinning under fracture zones in the western Atlantic. At rifted continental margins, MCS data have greatly advanced studies of the deep structure and evolution of sedimentary basins and the development of sedimentary sequences and their relation to paleoenvironments and eustatic sea level changes. At convergent margins, MCS data have provided critical information on the development of modern for‐earcs and accretionary wedges that are the submarine analogues of the fold and thrust belts of ancient orogenic belts.
“Arctic tides” by Rollin A. Harris (1911) revisited
Authors: Zetler Bernard D.
Published: October 2011

Rollin A. Harris used a few scattered tide observations on the periphery of the Arctic Ocean to contradict Nansen's statement that the Arctic Sea was an open basin of deep water occupying all, or nearly all, of the large unexplored area (in 1911) of the Arctic. Harris concluded that there was either a land mass or some shallow water near the north pole. Fjeldstad disagreed with Harris in 1923, and in 1927, Sverdrup supported Fjeldstad, using additional tide and current observations to reach this conclusion. Later, about 1950, Soviet scientists discovered the Lomonosov and Mendeleyev ridges, and shortly thereafter, U.S. scientists found the Alpha Ridge, all three ridges lying at least partially in what was in 1911 unexplored territory. It appears that Harris' hypothesis was at least partially accurate.
1985 VGP Awards
Authors: Carmichael I. S. E. , Hildreth Wes , Peterson Donald W. , Fisher Richard , Schmincke Hans‐Ulrich
Published: October 2011

We are here to acknowledge Wes Hildreth's researches on silicic magmatism. His celebrated account of the Bishop Tuff, now eponymous, is the most extensively analyzed and influential rock mass since the Skaergaard intrusion and, for its detail and significance, has become the yardstick of silicic petrology; yet his study is less than 7 years old.

Edward Wesley Hildreth III was born in 1938, and as the English would say, attended Harvard College in 1956. In 1961, he graduated cum laude with a major in geology, a minor in government, and a travelling scholarship to see the world. For the next 10 years he did so and became a naturalist in the U.S. National Park Service, with periods in Death Valley and in the Olympics. His “Death Valley Days” were to return, forthrough his love of the Panamint Ranges he met Mitch Reynolds, then an assistant professor at [the University of California] Berkeley, and in 1971 he arrived in Berkeley as a new graduate student, anxious and impatient to unravel the structure of the Panamints.
Geodesy best student paper commended
Authors: Lanzao Paolo , Bock Yehuda , Chovitz Bernard , Stein Ross
Published: October 2011

Charles De Mets, a graduate student at Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill., is the first recipient of the AGU Geodesy Section's Best Student Paper Award, presented at the AGU Fall Meeting. The award was for his paper on the NUVEL‐1 relative plate motion model. This new model includes large amounts of geological data obtained in the last decade. NUVEL‐1 also incorporates modifications to the positions of some plate boundaries that are indicated in previous relative models. The comparison of this model with measurements of contemporary plate motion obtained from space techniques will be vital for the study of plate driving mechanisms, the rheology of the mantle, and the stability of geologic processes. The presentation and content of the paper were excellent. De Mets received his B.A. in Geology from Lawrence University, Appleton, Wis., in 1982 and his M.S. from Northwestern University in 1984. He expects to complete his Ph.D. work in 1987.
Disseration chosen for award
Authors: Back Bill
Published: October 2011

The doctoral dissertation of Arthur L. Baehr (U.S. Geological Survey) has been selected for the $2000 Award given by Engineering‐Science, a consulting firm in Arcadia, Calif., in collaboration with Association of Environmental Engineering Professors. His dissertation, “Immiscible Contaminant Transport in Soils with Emphasis on Gasoline Hydrocarbons,” was directed by M. Yavuz Corapcioglu (City College of New York) who will share the monetary award with Baehr.
NWWA Science Award given
Authors: Back Bill
Published: October 2011

John G. Ferris, a U.S. Geological Survey retiree, received the National Water Well Association (NWWA) Science Award for 1985 on September 10, 1985, in Baltimore, Md. The award recognizes Ferris's renowned contributions to the science of groundwater.
FY 1987 Federal Budget Proposal: Mixed outlook for geophysics
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

A new emphasis on “global geosciences” and a new start for the Ocean Topography Experiment (TOPEX) were among the highlights for geophysics in the federal budget for fiscal year (FY) 1987 that the Reagan administration submitted to Congress on February 5, 1986. Budget increases planned for the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), however, contrasted with cuts planned for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

Under the proposed budget, funding for research and development (R&D) would increase significantly in FY 1987, rising 16.9% over the funding that will remain in the FY 1986 budget after March 1, 1986. On that date, cuts in the FY 1986 budget will take effect under the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, better known as Gramm‐Rudman‐Hollings (Eos, January 28, 1986, p. 41). Although that law was recently found unconstitutional by a special federal judicial panel, their ruling will not go into effect unless and until it is upheld by the Supreme Court, so the March 1 cuts are expected to go forward as planned. (If the Supreme Court hears the appeal, they will probably rule before early July, according to The Washington Post.) Under Gramm‐Rudman‐Hollings, the FY 1986 budgets of non‐defense programs not protected in the law's provisions will be cut by 4.3%. Unprotected defense programs will be cut by close to 5%.
Federal budget timetable
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is the federal budget timetable under the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Gramm‐Rudman‐Hollings). These deadlines apply to fiscal years (FY) 1987–1991. The deficit reduction measures in Gramm‐Rudman‐Hollings would lead to a balanced budget in 1991.
AGU elects 1986 Fellows
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eighteen distinguished scientists have been elected Fellows of AGU. The total number of Fellows elected each year may not exceed 0.1% of the total membership at the time of election.

The newly elected Fellows are

John D. Bossier, Office of Charting and Geodetic Services, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, Md.

Ian S. Carmichael, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley.

Paul J. Crutzen, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany.

Dieter H. Ehhalt, Institute of Atmospheric Chemistry, Jülich, and Department of Geophysics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany.

Thomas C. Hanks, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Calif.

C. G. A. Harrison, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Fla.

Stanley R. Hart, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.

Charles W. Howe, Department of Economics, University of Colorado, Boulder.

Charlotte E. Keen, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.

T. J. Kukkamäki, Finnish Geodetic Institute, Helsinki.

Ronald T. Merrill, Geophysics Program, University of Washington, Seattle.

Pearn P. Niiler, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif.

Mervyn S. Paterson, Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra.

Joseph Pedlosky, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass.

W. R. Peltier, Department of Physics, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.

Raymond G. Roble, Solar Variability Section, High‐Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colo.

David J. Stevenson, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena.

David A. Woolhiser, Southwest Watershed Research Center, Tucson, Ariz.
Ocean Telemetry Workshop
Authors: Brooks David A.
Published: October 2011

An informal workshop on ocean telemetry and platform location was held on January 15, 1986, during the AGU Ocean Sciences Meeting in New Orleans, La. Plans for the workshop grew from the realization that present methods of data transmission and platform location may be inadequate for projected needs. The objectives of the workshop were to

identify present and promising methods of ocean telemetry and platform location,

estimate needs for these capabilities during the next decade, and

identify a few promising methods for focused development.

As a starting point, it was recognized that large ocean experiments with decadal time scales and global space scales have much to gain from telemetry. The principal scientific advantages are quasi‐real‐time data recovery, insurance against premature failures, adaptive control of instrument functions, expendability of instruments, and the potential for rapid data assimilation by models and distribution of data to users. Only in limited cases have these advantages been exploited even partially.
January streamflow
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

January flows were average to well above average for about 75% of the nation's key index streams, but many flows had dropped sharply from the extremely wet conditions in December, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). USGS hydrologists said that record high flows for January were set at four stream sites in Wisconsin, Utah, Minnesota, and Alaska.

Of the 174 key index stream‐gaging stations across the country, 31% (54 stations) reported well above average flows, 44% (76 stations) reported average flows, and 25% (44 stations) reported well below average flows. In both November and December, flows were average to well‐above average at about 90% of the same index stations.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 11(1), January 31, 1986, a publication of the Smithsonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The complete bulletin is available in the microfiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E86‐004 at $2.50 (U.S.) from AGU Customer Services, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1. Subscriptions to SEAN Bulletin are available from AGU Fulfillment at the above address; the price is $18 for 12 monthly issues mailed to a U.S. address, $28 if mailed elsewhere, and must be prepaid.
Anderson voted president‐elect
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Don L. Anderson, director of the Seismological Laboratory and professor of geophysics at the California Institute of Technology was chosen AGU President‐Elect, according to a report from the AGU Tellers Committee on the recent elections.

The Tellers Committee report will be formally presented to the AGU Council at the Spring Meeting in Baltimore on May 20, 1986.
Photometry and Polarization in Remote Sensing
Authors: Arvidson Raymond E.
Published: October 2011

Photometry and Polarization in Remote Sensing is a textbook that purports to offer quantitative approaches to theory and applications of remote sensing in the 0.185–12‐μm wavelength range. Many researchers utilize remote sensing to conduct at least part of their research, including workers in such diverse areas as astronomy, oceanography, meteorology, ecology, hydrology, and geology. As a consequence, an extensive but dispersed literature exists, mostly written over the past decade. A text that begins with theoretical approaches and covers modern examples of research using remote sensing data would be most welcome.
Geomagnetic Pulsations Workshop
Authors: Carrion Philip
Published: October 2011

On October 17–18, 1985, a 2‐day workshop on hydromagnetic waves in the earth's magnetospheric plasma was held at Columbia University, New York, N.Y. The workshop was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and by Columbia University. Some 40 scientists attended. They discussed the following topics:

generation of hydromagnetic waves in the frequency range of geomagnetic pulsations,

Alfven resonances in the earth's magnetosphere,

effects of the ionosphere on geomagnetic pulsations,and

spacecraft and ground observations of geomagnetic pulsations in high latitudes (considerable attention was devoted to day cusps pulsations).
Flooding outlook: “Year of the Lakes”
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

Melting snow is likely to cause major flooding in all of the Great Lakes except Lake Ontario and in the Great Salt Lake this spring, the National Weather Service (NWS) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) announced last week. “To some degree, this is the year of the lakes,” said Michael D. Hudlow, director of the NWS Office of Hydrology, at a press briefing on March 10, 1986.

Hudlow said that minor to moderate flooding also can be expected in many areas throughout the north central United States, from the Appalachian Mountains to the Rockies (Figure 1). Also, the following river basins are likely to have moderate to major flooding: Wind River and Sweet River (Wyo.), North Platte River (Wyo., Colo., and Nebr.), Boulder, Big Thompson, and Cache La Poudre creeks (Colo.), Moueau River (S. Dak.), and Big Sioux River (Iowa, S. Dak., and Minn.).
An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration
Authors: Keller George V.
Published: October 2011

An introduction to geophysical exploration is very difficult to write for several reasons. Geophysical exploration is the application of the principles of physics to the location of useful materials in the earth, and thus it must address most of the topics in fundamental physics as well as many of the topics in geology. Moreover, in recent years there has been a rapid increase in the use of the new numerical techniques of applied mathematics. A comprehensive coverage of the principles of geology, mathematics, and physics would be very difficult to assemble at the introductory level.

An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration, written by P. Kearny and N. Brooks, attempts to accomplish the task in a total of 282 pages, organized in 10 chapters. The first (quite short) chapter is a definition of the philosophy of geophysical exploration. Because of its brevity and its inclusion ahead of the substantive material of the text, it is not particularly useful.
Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on the Antarctic Geosciences, 1983
Authors: Foure Gunter
Published: October 2011

This slim volume contains 20 scientific papers of varying length and seven abstracts by Japanese earth scientists who do their research in Antarctica. The subject matter is about equally divided between geophysics (eight papers and two abstracts), geochemistry and isotope geology (six papers and four abstracts), and geology‐petrology (six papers and one abstract).

Most of the work was carried out in East Antarctica in the vicinity of Lützow‐Holm Bay where the Japanese have established a base called Syowa Station. Several papers discuss topics related to the Yamato Mountains, located 200 km southwest of Lützow‐Holm Bay, where Japanese scientists have collected several thousand fragments of meteorites. Nine reports presented at the symposium are about sites on Ross Island and in the nearby ice‐free valleys of southern Victoria Land. The activities of Japanese scientists in this area are tangible evidence of the close working relations between Japanese and U.S. earth scientists in Antarctica. Logistical support for these studies was provided by the U.S. Antarctic Research Program based in McMurdo on Ross Island.
Committee on the History of Geophysics: A report
Authors: Stern David P.
Published: October 2011

The AGU Committee on the History of Geophysics (CHG) was created in 1982 following recommendations of an ad hoc committee, and its main task to date has been to promote the preservation and study of the history of geophysics. Toward that goal, it encouraged appointment of an Eos editor for history and later suggested an annual series, “History of Geophysics,” to consist of historyrelated articles from AGU publications. It has started a newsletter, and it has encouraged, sponsored,‐ coordinated, and recorded an increasing number of history talks at AGU meetings.

The responsibility for this work has fallen primarily on five CHG officers. The Eos history editor, C. Stewart Gillmor (Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn.), solicits and edits history articles, arranges their review by referees, and also selects and edits material for the History of Geophysics series. The newsletter editor, Sam Silverman, single‐handedly (with help from an Osborne PC) produces our newsletter. A meeting coordinator, initially Marty Walt of Lockheed Laboratories (Palo Alto, Calif.) and then (until recently) Pat Taylor of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center (Greenbelt, Md.), helps arrange, publicize, and record history talks at AGU meetings. The secretary, Jim Heirtzler (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass.) is in charge of minutes of meetings, correspondence, and the mailing of the newsletter. Finally, as chairman, I carry overall responsibility for the activities of CHG, initiate new ventures, and often back up other officers in their tasks.
NASA replanning efforts continue
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

A task force of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is producing new launch schedules for NASA's three remaining space shuttle orbiters, possibly supplemented by expendable launch vehicles. In the wake of the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger on January 28, 1986, the task force is assuming a delay of 12–18 months before resumption of shuttle flights.

NASA's Headquarters Replanning Task Force, which meets daily, is separate from the agency's Data and Design Analysis Task Force, which collects and analyzes information about the accident for the use of the investigative commission appointed by President Ronald Reagan.
Electronic network links physicists
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Now that AGU is a member of the American Institute of Physics (AIP) (see item on page 150), AGU members may access Pi‐NET, the Physics Information Network developed by AIP on behalf of its member societies. The electronic network will be available after March 31, 1986, to members of AIP member and affiliate societies for the cost of a local telephone call.

This electronic database service provides listings of job opportunities in physics, calendars of meetings, advance abstracts of more than 40 journals published by AIP and member societies, brief announcements and news items, titles of journal articles from AIP's Searchable Physics Information Notices (SPIN) database, and an electronic catalog and on‐line ordering of publications from AIP and member societies. AGU journals will be included in the database shortly.
TV series on atmospheric science
Authors: Cruise Karla A.
Published: October 2011

Acid rain, climate change, air pollution, and the possible inadvertent depletion of ozone in the upper atmosphere will be among the subjects covered in an eight‐part television series that premiers April 3, 1986, on public television. Part of a 32‐lecture program entitled “Earth Science for Teachers,” this series will feature new developments in the physics, chemistry, and dynamics of the atmosphere and will focus on the role of anthropogenic activities that affect atmospheric composition and climate.

Public television station WHRO‐TV in Norfolk, Va., in cooperation with Virginia's Department of Education in Richmond, produced the series, which involved guest lecturers from across the country. Joel S. Levine, senior research scientist in the Atmospheric Science Division at the Langley Research Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in Hampton, Va., served as the organizer and coordinator of the series. Joseph D. Exline, Associate Director for Science, Virginia Department of Education, assisted with the development and production of the series.
Special color issue: JGR‐Oceans
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The November 15, 1986, issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans has been designated a special color issue. Authors who wish to publish color illustrations at a reduced price should submit their manuscripts to JGR‐Oceans by May 15, 1986. Four copies of the manuscript should be sent to J. J. O'Brien, JGR‐Oceans, PO Box 2254, Tallahassee, FL 32316. Contact Ruth Pryor, JGR‐Oceans Editorial Assistant (telephone: 904‐386‐4729; telemail: [RPRYOR/EDUNET] MAIL/USA) for additional information.
VLA to receive Voyager images
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Very Large Array (VLA), the world's largest radio telescope, is being fitted with new receivers that should improve the images of Neptune that are expected in 1989, when Voyager 2 is to come within 3500 km of the planet. The VLA, a Y‐shaped configuration of 27 radio antennas, will be able to accept signals at 8.4 GHz, the frequency at which Voyager 2 transmits, according to the National Science Foundation (NSF).

Signals sent back by Voyager 2 from the vicinity of Neptune—about 4.3 billion km from the sun—will be the weakest ever received from a spacecraft, much weaker than the barely perceptible signals received from Uranus, which is approximately 2.7 billion km from the sun. However, Voyager 2 only came within 78,000 km of Uranus, much more distant than its anticipated closest approach to Neptune. With the help of the VLA's signal enhancement, planners are hoping to get pictures from Neptune of the same quality as those from Uranus, according to NSF.
Rio Grande Rift: Northern New Mexico
Authors: Hermance John F.
Published: October 2011

Within the last 20 years, the Rio Grande rift has been recognized as one of the major active rift zones of the world. As such, this feature has received increased attention by an international community of scientists (see, for example, the collections of papers edited by Riecker [1979] and Palmason [1982], as well as the journal Tectonophysics, vol. 94, issues 1–4, 1983). The book reviewed here represents the latest and among the finest sets of papers describing current research on a fundamental element in the tectonic fabric of North America.